IMO Net-Zero Framework

Tsarin **IMO Net-Zero Framework** (**NZF**) tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ne da aka tsara don farashin fitar da hayaki na teku. An saita shi don amfani daga 2028 zuwa jigilar kaya a cikin ƙasashen membobin IMO, yana amfani da farashin carbon na 100 USD a kowace tan na CO2 daidai. Idan an aiwatar da shi, da ya sanya kudi a kan jiragen da ke gurɓata sama da wani ƙofar, don haka ya karfafa masana'antar jigilar kayayyaki, wanda aka sani da gurɓataccen gurɓata, don zama ƙasa da gurɓatawa. Kafin rushe yarjejeniyar ta Gwamnatin Donald Trump ta biyu, yarjejeniyar ta sami goyon baya daga manyan masana'antun sufuri, yawancin jihohi, gami da Tarayyar Turai, Japan, China, Burtaniya da Amurka.

NZF za ta zama tsarin farashi na farko na duniya don hayaki, wanda Ƙungiyar Jirgin Ruwa ta Duniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya za ta gudanar. Kwamitin Kare Muhalli na Marine ne ya tsara shi a taron 83 (MEPC83) kuma da farko an shirya shi don tallafi ta IMO a wani taro na musamman a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2025.   An jinkirta shi har zuwa Oktoba 2026, a cikin barazanar gwamnatin Donald Trump ta biyu na takunkumi ga jami'an diflomasiyya da haraji ga ƙasashen da suka goyi bayan yarjejeniyar.   Marco Rubio, Sakataren Harkokin Waje na Amurka, da kansa ya kira jami'ai a kasashe daban-daban don yin barazanar hukuncin kudi da sauran hukunci. Amurka ta yi aiki tare da Saudi Arabia don rushe yarjejeniyar.

Jirgin ruwa yana wakiltar kashi 3% na hayakin gas na duniya. Tsarin zai shafi jiragen ruwa sama da 5,000 gross tonnage, wanda ke da kashi 85% na waɗannan hayaki.

## Tattaunawa
IMO Net-Zero Framework (NZF) an tsara shi ne ta hanyar Kwamitin Kare Muhalli na Marine Taron 83 (MEPC83) kuma an fara shirya shi don tallafi ta IMO a wani taro na musamman a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2025.   Koyaya, an jinkirta shi har zuwa Oktoba 2026, a cikin barazanar Gwamnatin Donald Trump ta biyu na takunkumi ga jami'an diflomasiyya da haraji ga ƙasashen da suka goyi bayan yarjejeniyar.   An bayyana yakin neman zabe na gwamnatin Trump a matsayin "mai ban mamaki, har ma da ka'idodin gwagwarmayar gwamnatin Trump".

## Tsarin da aka tsara
A cikin gudu zuwa MEPC83, kasashe sun yi muhawara sosai game da irin tsarin farashin carbon ya kamata ya ɗauka - kusan kasashe 60 na tsibirin sun fi son haraji mai sauƙi. A halin yanzu, manyan tattalin arzikin kasuwannin da suka fi girma sun fi son tsarin cinikin carbon wanda masu aiki da jirgi masu tsabta zasu iya sayar da hakkinsu na gurɓatawa ga wadanda suka fi ƙarfin hayaki.[1]

A ƙarshe, ƙasashe sun amince da tsarin kasuwancin carbon tare da matakai biyu, bisa ga shawarar da Singapore ta bayar. Idan masu aiki da jirgi sun kasa cimma burin rage fitarwa mai wuya, za su iya siyan ƙarin takaddun shaida masu rahusa. Idan sun kasa cimma burin fitarwa mai sauƙi, duk da haka, dole ne su sayi karin kudade masu tsada. An tsara wannan tsarin ne don adana abubuwan da ake karfafawa.

Tsarin IMO Net-Zero ya kafa manufofi daban-daban na tsakiya a kan hanyar zuwa fitar da hayaki ta hanyar ko kusa da 2050 . 

NZF tana ba da madadin man fetur mai ƙarancin carbon tare da fa'idar gasa idan aka kwatanta da man fetur na gargajiya na ruwa kamar man fetur (VLSFO). Saboda haka yana iya haifar da karuwar ɗaukar LNG, methanol da ammoniya a matsayin tushen man fetur. Har ila yau, ƙarfin iska na iya cancantar jirgin ruwa don lada, amma dokokin NZF har yanzu ba su bayyana ta yawan adadin ba.

A karkashin Tsarin, kamfanoni za su biya kuɗin fitar da su ga sabon Asusun IMO Net-Zero. Za a yi amfani da kuɗin don rage mummunan tasirin canjin yanayi a ƙasashe masu rauni, gami da Ƙananan tsibirai masu tasowa (SIDS) da ƙasashe marasa ci gaba (LDCs). 

## Dubi kuma

* Shirye-shiryen IMO na farko akan rage hayaki na GHG daga jiragen ruwa

## Bayanan da aka ambata