Youssouf Saleh Abbas

**Youssouf Saleh Abbas,** (    ** ; haifuwa *c* . 1953  ) ɗan siyasan ƙasar Chadi ne wanda ya kasance Firayim Minista na Chadi daga Afrilun shekarar 2008 zuwa Maris 2010. Ya kasance a baya mai ba da shawara kan harkokin diflomasiyya kuma wakili na musamman ga Shugaba Idriss Déby .

## Harkar siyasa
An haifi Abbas a Abéché   a Yankin Ouaddai, a gabashin Chadi.   Yayi karatu a Tarayyar Soviet sannan kuma a Faransa, inda kuma ya sami digiri na biyu a huldar ƙasashen duniya.  Bayan ya dawo Chadi, ya yi aiki a Ma’aikatar Harkokin Waje a matsayin shugaban Sashin Haɗin Kai da yawa kuma ya zama Daraktan Hadin Kan Kasa da Kasa daga Nuwamba 20, 1979 zuwa 30 ga Janairun shekarar 1981.  Sannan ya kasance mai ba da shawara kan diflomasiyya ga Goukouni Oueddei, Shugaban Gwamnatin rikon kwarya ta Hadin Kan Kasa (GUNT), daga 1 ga Yuni, 1981 zuwa 25 ga Disamba, 1981  da Daraktan Majalisar Ministocin Shugaban Ƙasa   daga Disamba 6, 1981 har zuwa saukar Oueddei a ranar 7 ga Yunin shekarar 1982.  Daga 15 ga Mayu zuwa 31 ga Mayun shekarar 1981, ya shugabanci "Seminaire National des Cadres" babban taron tattaunawar kasa wanda ya ba da gudummawa don kaucewa wargaza ƙasar tsakanin bangarorin siyasa da sojoji da kuma dawo da haɗin kan ƙasa a Chadi.

Daga baya, Abbas ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga Darakta-Janar na Ma’aikatar Harkokin Waje daga 20 ga Nuwamba, 1992 zuwa 15 ga Disamban shekarar 1996.  Ya kuma kasance Mataimakin Shugaban Katsa na Ƙasa Mai Girma, wanda aka gudanar daga Janairun shekarar 1993 zuwa Afrilu 1993.   Daga 16 ga Disamba, 1996 zuwa 13 ga Agustan shekarar 1997, ya kasance Darakta-Janar na Ma’aikatar Tsare-Tsare da Haɗin Kai.  Ya gudanar da aikin tuntuba na UNDP da USAID tsakanin 1994 da 1997. Daga watan Agusta 1997 zuwa Disamban shekarar 1999, ya kasance Darakta-Janar na *Agence Tchadienne d'Exécution des Travaux d'Intérêt Jama'a* tare da goyon baya da haɗin gwiwar Bankin Duniya.

Abbas, wanda ke adawa da Shugaba Déby, ya shiga ƙungiyar Tibesti -based Movement for Democracy and Justice in Chad (MDJT), kungiyar 'yan tawaye karkashin jagorancin Youssouf Togoïmi, lokacin da aka kafa ta a watan Oktoban shekarar 1998, tana aiki daga Paris  (yana zaune a gudun hijira a Faransa na wasu shekaru  ) a matsayin Mai Gudanar da ternalungiyar na ternalasashen waje. A ranar 31 ga Oktoban shekarar 2001, ya yi murabus daga MDJT, tare da wasu membobin MDJT na Coasashen waje, saboda abin da ya bayyana da "wuce gona da iri" na Togoïmi.  Bayan wata yarjejeniya da gwamnati, ya koma Chadi.  Ya kasance tare da Déby a shekara ta 2006   kuma ya zama mai ba Déby shawara kan alakar kasa da kasa da hadin kai a ranar 24 ga Disamba, 2006,  da Wakilin Musamman na Déby, tare da mukamin minista na jihohi, ga Rundunar Tarayyar Turai    da Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya da Chadi (MINURCAT)   a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba, 2007.  Ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayinsa na mai ba da shawara da wakili na musamman har zuwa lokacin da aka nada shi Firayim Minista.   Ba ya cikin kowace jam’iyya.

A Afrilu 15, 2008, Deby naɗa Abbas a matsayin firaministan ƙasar,  koran firaministan kasar Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye . Da yake magana a rediyo bayan haka, Abbas ya ce zai nemi yin aiki tare da sauran bangarorin siyasa lokacin kafa gwamnatinsa. Ya lura cewa sanannun tsammanin suna da yawa amma ya ce aikinsa ba zai zama mai sauƙi ba.  Naɗin Abbas, dan gabas, ya nuna ficewa daga tsarin al'adun Déby na nada Firayim Minista daga kudu (Déby da kansa dan arewa ne) kuma da alama an yi niyyar taimakawa wajen warware tawayen a gabashin. A lokacin Naɗin nasa, ana daukar Abbas dangi ne wanda ba a san shi ba a cikin jama'a, amma an san shi sosai a fagen siyasa. 

Ƙungiyoyin ‘yan tawayen ƙasar Chadi daban-daban sun yi martani game da nadin Abbas ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Mahamat Nouri na National Alliance ya ce babu wani canji na asali da za a iya samu a karkashin Déby ya kuma bayyana nadin a matsayin rashin ma'ana mara ma'ana. Union of Forces for Change and Democracy ta ce za ta jira ta ga yadda za a samu damar sarrafa Déby da za ta bai wa Abbas, yayin da Rally of the Forces for Change ta ce za ta jira ta ga yadda shirin siyasar Abbas zai kasance. 

Babban hadakar jam'iyyun adawa, Coordination of Political jam'iyyun don kare kundin tsarin mulki (CPDC), a baya sun dakatar da tattaunawa da gwamnati bayan yakin N'Djamena na watan Fabrairun shekarar 2008, a lokacinda shugabannin adawa uku (ciki har da kakakin CPDC Ibni Oumar Mahamat) Saleh ) an kama shi.  Bayan nadin Abbas, CPDC ta amince ta shiga cikin gwamnati a wata ganawa da ta yi da Abbas a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, duk da cewa wasu daga cikin ƙawancen, ciki har da jam’iyyar Ibni Oumar Mahamat Saleh ta jam’iyyar ‘yanci da ci gaban (PLD), ba su amince da wannan shawarar ba. Suna son Abbas ya bayyana abin da ya faru da Saleh (wanda har yanzu ba a gan shi ba) don shiga cikin gwamnati. 

An sanar da gwamnatin Abbas a ranar 23 ga Afrilu, kuma ta hada da mambobi hudu na CPDC a manyan muƙamai: Tsaro (wanda Wadal Abdelkader Kamougué ke rike da shi), Adalci (wanda Jean Alingué ke rike da shi ), Tsare-tsare, Bunkasar birane da Gidaje (na Hamit Mahamat Dahalob ), da Aikin Noma (wanda Naimbaye Nossunian ya gudanar ). PLD ta ƙi shiga saboda ba a saki Saleh ba.  Gwamnatin ta haɗa da ministoci 25 da sakatarorin jihohi takwas.  Babban aikin gwamnatin karkashin jagorancin Abbas shi ne aiwatar da yarjejeniya tsakanin gwamnatoci da jam'iyyun siyasa masu adawa, wanda aka sanya hannu a watan Agustan shekarar 2007 kuma aka yi niyyar kaiwa ga zaɓen majalisar dokoki a 2009 .  

Abbas ya ci gaba da zama a ofis kusan shekara biyu. Bayan Disamban shekarar 2009, bai sake gudanar da taron gwamnati ba, kuma an yi imanin cewa "akwai banbancin siyasa" tsakanin Abbas da Déby. Abbas ya mika takardar murabus dinsa ga Déby a ranar 5 ga Maris ɗin shekarar 2010 kuma nan take Déby ya nada Emmanuel Nadingar ya maye gurbinsa. 

## Manazarta