Erich Fellgiebel

**Fritz Erich Fellgiebel** (4 ga Oktoba 1886 - 4 ga Satumba 1944) ya kasance janar na sigina na Sojojin Jamus kuma mai gwagwarmayar adawa, ya shiga cikin duka 1938 Satumba Conspiracy don hambarar da mai mulkin kama-karya Adolf Hitler da Nazi Party, da kuma 1944 20 ga Yuli makircin kashe Hitler . A cikin 1929, Fellgiebel ya zama shugaban ofishin cipher (Jamusanci: Chiffrierstelle) na Ma'aikatar Reichswehr, wanda daga baya zai zama OKW / Chi. Ya kasance ƙwararren ƙwararren sakonni kuma ya taimaka wajen gabatar da na'urar ƙididdiga ta yau da kullun, na'urar Enigma. Koyaya, bai yi nasara ba wajen inganta hukuma guda ɗaya don daidaita duk ayyukan, kamar yadda OKW / Chi ya bukaci kuma har yanzu Joachim von Ribbentrop, Heinrich Himmler da Hermann Göring sun toshe shi har zuwa kaka 1943. Ba a cimma hakan ba har sai Janar Albert Praun ya karɓi mukamin bayan kamawa da kisa na Fellgiebel saboda rawar da ya taka a yunkurin juyin mulki na 20 ga Yuli.

## Ayyukan soja
An haifi Fellgiebel a Pöpelwitz (Popowice na yanzu a Wrocław, Poland) a lardin Prussian na Silesia . A lokacin da yake da shekaru 18, ya shiga rundunar sakonni a cikin Sojojin Prussia a matsayin jami'in cadet. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na farko, ya yi aiki a matsayin kyaftin a kan Janar Staff . Bayan yakin, an sanya shi zuwa Berlin a matsayin Janar Janar na Reichswehr . Ayyukansa sun kasance misali, kuma a cikin 1928 an inganta shi zuwa matsayi na manyan.

An gabatar da Fellgiebel a matsayin Lieutenant Colonel a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 1933 kuma ya zama cikakken Colonel (Oberst) a ranar 1 de Fabrairu 1935.

A shekara ta 1938, ya zama babban janar. A wannan shekarar, an nada shi Shugaban Cibiyar Siginar Sojoji da kuma Shugaban hulɗar sadarwa ta *Wehrmacht* zuwa Babban Kwamandan (OKW). Fellgiebel ya zama *Janar der Nachrichtentruppe* (Janar na Sojojin Sadarwa) a ranar 1 ga Agusta 1940.

A shekara ta 1942, an kara Fellgiebel zuwa Babban Jami'in Sigina na Babban Kwamandan Sojoji da Babban Kwamandan Tsaro (Jamusanci: Chef des Heeresnachrichtenwesens), matsayin da ya rike har zuwa 1944 lokacin da aka kama shi kuma aka kashe shi saboda muhimmiyar rawar da ya taka a cikin makircin 20 ga Yuli don kashe Hitler. 

Fellgiebel na ɗaya daga cikin na farko da ya fahimci cewa ya kamata Sojojin Jamus su karɓi kuma su yi amfani da na'urar ɓoyewa Enigma. A matsayinsa na shugaban ayyukan siginar Hitler, Fellgiebel ya san kowane Asirin soja, gami da aikin roket na Wernher von Braun a Cibiyar Binciken Sojojin Peenemünde. Hitler yana buƙatar ƙwarewar Fellgiebel, amma bai amince da shi ba saboda ya ɗauki FellgieBel mai tunani mai zaman kansa.

## Ayyukan adawa
Ta hanyar haduwarsa da Kanar Janar Ludwig Beck, shugabansa, sannan kuma magajin Beck, Kanar Janara Franz Halder, Fellgiebel ya tuntubi kungiyar adawa da Nazi a cikin sojojin *Wehrmacht*. A cikin 1938 Satumba Conspiracy don hambarar da Hitler da jam'iyyar Nazi a gaban Yarjejeniyar Munich, ya kamata ya yanke sadarwa a duk faɗin Jamus yayin da Field Marshal Erwin von Witzleben zai mamaye Berlin.

Ya kasance babban tushe ga Red Orchestra . Fellgiebel ya fitar da bayanan soja na Jamus ga Rudolf Roessler (sunan sirri "Lucy" na zoben leken asiri na Lucy) game da Operation Citadel wanda ya ba da damar sojojin Soviet su tura yadda ya kamata.

Ya yi ƙoƙari ya yanke hedikwatar Hitler a Wolf's Lair a Gabashin Prussia daga duk hanyoyin sadarwa. Ya yi nasara ne kawai, saboda bai iya hana sanar da Joseph Goebbels a Berlin ta hanyar hanyoyin SS daban-daban ba. Lokacin da ya bayyana cewa yunkurin ya gaza, Fellgiebel dole ne ya sauya bautar sadarwa da ya kafa. Ayyukan da Fellgiebel ya fi shahara a wannan rana shine rahoton tarho ga abokin makircinsa Janar Fritz Thiele a Bendlerblock, bayan an sanar da shi cewa Hitler yana da rai: "Etwas Furchtbares ist passiert! Der Führer lebt!" ("Wani abu mai ban tsoro ya faru! Führer yana da rai!").

An kama Fellgiebel nan da nan a Wolf's Lair kuma an azabtar da shi na makonni uku amma bai bayyana sunayen abokan makircinsa ba. An tuhume shi a gaban *Volksgerichtshof* ("Kotu ta Jama'a"). A ranar 10 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1944, Roland Freisler ya same shi da laifi kuma ya yanke masa hukuncin kisa. An kashe shi a ranar 4 ga Satumba 1944 a gidan yarin Plötzensee da ke Berlin.

## Abubuwan tunawa
A cikin Pöcking (Bavaria), ana kiran barikin *Bundeswehr* *Janar-Fellgiebel-Kaserne* (de:Janar-Fellgybel-Kasernes) don girmama shi.

## Kyaututtutuka

## Dubi kuma
* List of members of the 20 July plot
* Lucy spy ring

## Manazarta

## Literature
* Anthony Cave Brown, *Bodyguard of Lies*, Harper & Row, 1975.
* Kenneth Macksey: *Without Enigma*: the Ultra & Fellgiebel riddles.  Shepperton: Allan, 2000. – .
* Alexander Stahlberg (de), *Bounden Duty: The Memoirs of a German Officer 1932-45*, 1990.
* Wildhagen, Karl Heinz (Hrsg.): *Erich Fellgiebel, Meister operativer Nachrichtenverbindungen*. – Wenningsen: Selbstverlag, 1970.

## Sources
* Account of the Operation (in German)
* Linked German article
* Brief article about Fellgiebel