David Dexter

**David St Alban Dexter** (8 Janairu 1917 - 15 Maris 1992) masanin tarihin soja ne na Australiya, kwamando, jami'in diflomasiyya kuma mai kula da jami'a.

Dexter, wanda ya kammala karatunsa a Jami'ar Melbourne a shekarar 1940, ya shiga rundunar sojojin mallaka ta biyu ta Ostiraliya a shekarar 1940. Ya yi aikin sa kai don horar da kwamando. An ba shi aikin laftanar kuma aka mayar da shi kamfanin 2/2 mai zaman kansa. An aika da kamfanin 2/2 mai zaman kansa zuwa Timor ta Portugal, inda suka yi yaƙin sa kai da Japan bayan sun mamaye tsibirin a watan Fabrairun 1942. Ya koma Ostiraliya tare da rundunar a watan Disamba. A watan Yunin 1943 aka aika da shi zuwa New Guinea, inda Dexter ya ji rauni yayin da yake kai hari kan rundunar sojojin Japan. A shekarar 1945, an kai shi New Britain. Ba da daɗewa ba kafin ƙarshen yaƙin a watan Agustan 1945, ya karɓi ragamar jagorancin rundunar sojoji ta 2/4 ta Commando tare da matsayin babban soja. Daga baya ya rubuta kundin New Guinea na *Ostiraliya a Yaƙin 1939-1945.*

Bayan yaƙin, Dexter ya shiga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje. Ya yi aiki kafada da kafada da Ministan Harkokin Waje, HV Evatt, inda ya raka shi zuwa zaman taro na biyu da na uku na Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a 1947 da 1948, kuma ya taimaka masa ya zama Shugaban Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. A matsayinsa na shugaban reshen tallafin ƙasashen waje na ma'aikatar, ya shiga cikin tsara Tsarin Colombo kuma ya haɓaka shirye-shiryen tallafin ƙasashen waje tare da haɗin gwiwar Ƙungiyar Yarjejeniyar Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Ya zama sakataren Hukumar Jami'o'in Australiya a 1960, sannan ya zama Magatakarda (Kadarori da Tsare-tsare) a Jami'ar Ƙasa ta Australiya (ANU) a 1967.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi David St Alban Dexter a ranar 8 ga Janairu, 1917 a St Albans, Hertfordshire, Ingila, shi ne na biyu cikin 'ya'ya maza biyar kuma 'ya ɗaya ga Kanar Walter Ernest Dexter, da matarsa Dora Stirling, wacce aka fi sani da Roadknight. Mahaifinsa yana aiki a lokacin a matsayin limamin cocin sojoji na Ingila tare da rundunar sojojin mulkin mallaka ta farko ta Australiya (AIF). Iyalin sun koma Ostiraliya a shekarar 1920, inda aka dakatar da nadin mahaifinsa na AIF. Mahaifinsa ya yanke shawarar zama manomi, kuma ya shiga wani shingen sojoji kusa da Kilsyth, Victoria. 

Kamar sauran mutane da yawa, harkar noma ta mahaifin Dexter ta gaza. Daga nan ya koma coci a shekarar 1923, iyalin kuma suka ƙaura zuwa gidan malamai a Romsey, Victoria. A shekarar 1927, suka ƙaura zuwa cocin Lara, Victoria.[1] [2] Dexter da 'yan uwansa huɗu duk sun halarci Geelong Grammar, wata makaranta mai zaman kanta ta musamman. Dexter yana can daga 1930 zuwa 1935, da farko a matsayin ɗan ƙasa bisa tallafin karatu ga 'ya'yan malaman addini, amma a matsayin ɗalibi na yini ɗaya a shekarunsa na ƙarshe. Ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta Australiya da wasan kurket, ya yi aiki a sashin kadet na makaranta, kuma ya kasance cikakken jami'i. Abokan zamansa a Geelong Grammar sun haɗa da Dick Hamer da ɗan'uwansa Alan, David Hay da David Fairbairn ; John Gorton abokin ɗan'uwansa ne.[1] [2]

Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Geelong Grammar, Dexter ya sami aiki a wani kamfanin kayan daki wanda Maurice Arnold Nathan ke gudanarwa. Ya shafe shekara guda amma bayan wasu matsaloli da suka faru, sai ya yanke shawarar cewa ba aikin sa bane, kuma ya yanke shawarar zuwa jami'a. Ya karɓi alƙawarin zama malamin ɗalibi a Grimwade House da ke Melbourne Grammar, wanda ya yi yayin da yake karatun Faransanci da tarihi a Jami'ar Melbourne na ɗan lokaci. Ya kuma buga ƙwallon ƙafa a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Jami'ar Melbourne. Max Crawford ya shawo kansa ya yi aikin girmamawa, don haka ya yi wannan shekarar cikakken lokaci. Ya sami damar zama tare da iyayensa, kamar yadda mahaifinsa ya ɗauki makarantar firamare a Footscray, Victoria. Ya sami digirinsa na farko a fannin fasaha da girmamawa a 1940.  

## Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu
Dexter ya shiga rundunar sojojin mallaka ta biyu ta Ostiraliya a ranar 8 ga Oktoba, 1940, kuma aka ba shi lambar aiki ta VX38890. An tura shi zuwa rundunar sojojin ƙasa ta 2/21, wacce ke horo a Bonegilla, Victoria, a ranar 19 ga Oktoba. Wannan wani ɓangare ne na rundunar sojojin ƙasa ta 23 ta Sashe na 7. Daga baya aka mayar da rundunar sojojin ƙasa ta 23 zuwa rundunar sojoji ta 8. Bayan wata ganawa da Manjo Freddie Spencer Chapman da Manjo Mike Calvert a wani gidan giya na Melbourne, Dexter ya yi aikin sa kai don horar da kwamandan sojoji. Ya zama sajent a ranar 7 ga Maris, 1941. An naɗa shi laftanar kuma aka mayar da shi kamfanin 2/2 mai zaman kansa a Wilsons Promontory a ranar 11 ga Yuli. Ya karɓi ragamar jagorancin rundunar sojoji ta 1, A Platoon.

## Manazarta

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