open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Gillian McCain

**Gillian McCain** (an haife ta a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1966) mawaki ce ta Kanada, marubuciya, kuma mai tattara hotunan da aka fi sani da Please Kill Me: The Uncensored Oral History of Punk, wanda ta rubuta tare da Legs McNeil .  McCain shine marubucin littattafai biyu na waka: *Tilt* da Religion . An nuna wasu sassan tarin hotunan da ta "sanya" a cikin mujallu, an buga su a matsayin littattafai masu iyaka, kuma an nuna su a Kamara Club na New York gallery. Ta zauna a kan kwamitin daraktocin Kwalejin Fasaha da Zane ta Nova Scotia a Halifax kuma ta kasance Shugaban Kwamitin Daraktoci na Shirin Waƙoƙi a Cocin St. Mark a cikin Bowery New York City.

## Ilimi da rayuwar mutum
An haifi McCain a Bath, New Brunswick, Kanada . Ta halarci Jami'ar King's College a Halifax, Nova Scotia, inda ta sami B.A a cikin wallafe-wallafen. Ta koma Birnin New York a shekarar 1987 inda ta ci gaba da kammala MA a fannin adabi a Jami'ar New York a 1990. A shekara ta 1988, McCain ta yi karatu a shirin bazara na Cibiyar Naropa.

Bayan kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar New York, McCain ta yi hayar da aikin waka a Cocin St. Mark a cikin Bowery, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai tsara shirye-shirye (1991-1994), edita na Poetry Project Newsletter (1994-1995), kuma ta shirya batutuwa hudu na lit-zine Milk. A shekara ta 1991 ta kafa jerin daren Jumma'a - wani taron mako-mako wanda ke nuna shayari, fiction, wadanda ba fiction ba, karatun taken, yabo, laccoci, wasan kwaikwayo da kiɗa. A cikin shekaru hudu ta kawo masu zane-zane sama da ɗari huɗu. Jerin ya ci gaba har zuwa yau. Ta ba da kanta ga rubuce-rubuce na cikakken lokaci a shekarar 1995.

McCain ta auri James "Jim" Marshall, marubuci, wanda ta sadu da shi a Poetry Project, a shekara ta 2002.

## Mawallafin

### Ba tatsuniyoyi ba
A cikin 1996, Grove Press ta buga Please Kill Me: The Uncensored Oral History of Punk, wanda McCain ya rubuta tare da Legs McNeil .  Ya ƙunshi abubuwan da aka karɓa daga daruruwan tambayoyin, *Don Allah Ka Kashe Ni* yana gabatar da ra'ayi na musamman game da lokaci mai rikitarwa da rikitarwa a tarihin Amurka. Littafin ya kunshi farkon lokacin Punk na Velvet Underground ta hanyar tashi da faduwar gumakan Punk Iggy Pop, Ramones, da sauransu.

Don Allah Kill Me ya kasance abin da ya faru nan take kuma tun daga lokacin ya zama al'ada, yana karfafa sabon zamani na tarihin baki na kiɗa. Bayan da aka fara fitar da shi Please Kill Me ya kasance Time Out da Daily News Top Ten littafi na shekara. Wani bita a cikin Time Out New York ya ce littafin, "Ka tashi a can tare da manyan littattafan rock & roll na kowane lokaci. "  Sashe na littafin ya bayyana a cikin Vanity Fair a cikin kide-kide tare da sakin littafin a 1996. Yanzu an buga shi a Brazil, China, Jamhuriyar Czech, Finland, Faransa, Jamus, Burtaniya, Italiya, Japan, Poland, Rasha, Sweden da Spain.
Gillian Maclaine

**Gillian Maclaine** (1798-1840) ɗan kasuwa ne na Scotland a farkon ƙarni na 19 kuma mai kasada wanda ya kafa kamfanin **Maclaine Watson** .

## Rayuwa

An haife shi a Tsibirin Mull a ranar 17 ga Yuni 1798, ɗan Alan Maclaine na Scallasdale da matarsa, Marjory Gregorson . Kakansa, John Gregorson, ne ya ilimantar da shi a Ardtornish, Landan ya tura shi Oban a cikin 1810. Ya yi karatun fasaha a Jami'ar Glasgow (ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba), sannan a cikin 1816 ya tafi London don ya zama ɗan kasuwa a matsayin mai sayar da kayayyaki.

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 1820 ya isa Java sannan ya zauna a Batavia, Dutch East Indies (Jakarta ta zamani). A shekara ta 1827 ya kafa, tare da Edward Watson, kamfanin kasuwanci na Maclaine Watson, ciniki a cikin kayan auduga, kofi da opium (sa'an nan ana ɗaukar su a matsayin kasuwanci na halal). 

Ya koma Burtaniya saboda rashin lafiya a 1830. Watanni goma sha takwas bayan haka ya sake tafiya zuwa Java. Jirgin ya yi tafiya ta hanyar Rotterdam inda wata mace ta tashi wanda ba da daɗewa ba ya zama matarsa. A karo na biyu a Java, kamfaninsa ya fadada sosai, gami da gidaje a Singapore.

A ranar 17 ga Maris 1840 ya shiga jirgin "Regina" tare da matarsa da yawancin iyalinta. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan jirgin ya tashi, guguwa ta auku yayin da jirgin ya shiga cikin Straits of Sunda. Ba a sake ganin jirgin ba kuma ya ɓace tare da dukkan ma'aikata da fasinjoji a ranar 18/19 Maris 1840.

An gina wani abin tunawa don tunawa da shi a cikin 1842 a Kabari na Warriston a arewacin Edinburgh, ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan tunawa na farko a cikin makabartar. Haɗin da ke tsakanin Edinburgh ba a bayyane yake ba.

Abin tunawa kuma yana tunawa da Cpt Murdoch Maclaine, wanda aka kashe a Yaƙin Maida a 1806, da kuma Manjo John Maclaine፡ wanda aka kashe A Yaƙin Waterloo a 1815. Wadannan maza su ne 'ya'yan Marie da Gillian Maclaine, kawun Maclaine.

## manazarta
John Finnemore

**John David Finnemore** (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga Satumba 1977) marubucin wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya. Ya rubuta kuma ya yi a cikin jerin rediyo na Cabin Pressure, John Finnemore's Souvenir Programme, da John Finnemores's Double Acts, kuma yana nunawa akai-akai a wasu shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo na BBC Radio 4 kamar The Now Show . Finnemore ya lashe kyaututtuka da yawa na Comedy.co.uk fiye da kowane marubuci, kuma biyu daga cikin shirye-shiryensa sun bayyana a cikin manyan goma na jerin shirye-shirye na rediyo na Radio Times. Shi ne kuma marubucin kakar wasa ta 2 na Good Omens .

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi John Finnemore a Reading ga iyayen David da Patricia kuma yana da ƙaramar 'yar'uwa, Anna . Ya halarci Makarantar Dolphin a Berkshire, Lea High a Dorset da Poole Grammar School. A shekara 19, ya koma Kraków a Poland, inda ya kwashe watanni 6 yana koyar da Turanci.

Daga nan ya yi karatun Turanci a Peterhouse, Cambridge, inda ya rubuta rubutun sa a kan Thomas Hardy ('Icons, Frames and Freedom in Jude the Obscure') kuma ya kammala karatu a shekara ta 2000. Ya kasance memba na Cambridge Footlights, ya zama mataimakin shugaban kasa a shekararsa ta ƙarshe. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi aiki a cikin Sensible Haircut tare da ƙungiyar Footlights a Edinburgh Festival Fringe a shekara ta 2000.

## Ayyuka

### A matsayin marubuci da kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo
Finnemore ya rubuta BBC Radio 4 sitcom Cabin Pressure kuma ya taka rawar "mai kula da farin ciki" Arthur. An watsa sitcom ɗin don jerin hudu tsakanin 2008 da Kirsimeti 2014, tare da ƙarshen kashi biyu a Kirsimeti da Sabuwar Shekara 2014-2015. Ya kuma rubuta wani shirin rediyo, John Finnemore's Souvenir Programme, wanda ya yi tare da Simon Kane, Carrie Quinlan, Lawry Lewin da Margaret Cabourn-Smith. An watsa jerin farko a BBC Radio 4 a cikin 2011, kuma an watsa wani bugu na musamman da aka rubuta a Edinburgh Festival Fringe a cikin 2012. Ƙarin jerin bakwai sun biyo baya a kowace shekara har zuwa 2019, kuma an watsa jerin na tara a cikin 2021.

## Manazarta
Kwalejin Yara ta Moreton Bay

**Kwalejin Matasa ta Moreton Bay** makaranta ce mai zaman kanta ga yara maza da ke Manly West, wani yanki na Brisbane, Queensland, Ostiraliya. Adadin masu yin rajista a halin yanzu ya kai kusan 487. 

An kafa ta a shekarar 2003 ta Presbyterian and Uniting Church, kuma an buɗe ta a shekarar 2003 a filin makarantar 'yar'uwarta, Kwalejin Moreton Bay, tare da shekaru na Shiri da Shekara ta 1. A shekarar 2004 ta koma wurin da take zama na dindindin. 

## Tarihi
A shekara ta 2003, Kwalejin Moreton Bay da Ƙungiyar Makarantun Presbyterian da Methodist sun shiga yarjejeniya, inda suka kafa Kwalejin Moreton Bay Boys'. An kafa wani kamfani daban, wanda ba na riba ba, mai suna Moreton Bay Boys' College Ltd (MBBC Ltd), wanda ke da kuma gudanar da kwalejin, a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 2003. [ ana buƙatar ambato ]

An buɗe makarantar a shekarar 2003 a kan filaye marasa kowa a MBC, tana gudanar da azuzuwan Prep da na Aji 1. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

A shekara ta 2004, MBBC ta ƙara azuzuwan aji na biyu sannan ta koma gidanta na dindindin da ke lamba 302 Manly Road, Manly West, wanda ke da 'yan mintuna kaɗan daga Kwalejin Moreton Bay. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

An ƙara Shekaru 3 zuwa 5 a shekarar 2005, Shekaru 6 zuwa 9 a shekarar 2006, Shekaru 10 a shekarar 2008, da kuma Shekaru 11 a shekarar 2009, inda ɗaliban farko na shekara ta 12 suka kammala karatunsu daga kwalejin a shekarar 2010. &#x5B; ** &#x5D; Kwalejin tana da matsakaicin ɗaliban da za su iya ɗaukar ɗalibai 750-800. 

## Tsarin gida
Kwalejin Matasa ta Moreton Bay tana da gidaje huɗu: 

*  Doherty House named after Peter Doherty; house colour: green
*  Nicholls House named after Sir Douglas Nicholls; house colour: yellow
*  Flynn House named after Reverend John Flynn; house colour: red
*  Dunlop House named after Sir Edward Dunlop; house colour: blue

## Manazarta
Sir John Mactaggart, Baronet na 4

**Sir John Auld Mactaggart, Baronet na 4** (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1951 ) ɗan kasuwa ne kuma mai ba da agaji na Scotland.

Mactaggart ta yi karatu a Makarantar Shrewsbury da Kwalejin Trinity, Cambridge . 

Ya kasance Shugaban Central Holdings daga 1981–1992, Shugaban Western Heritable Investment Co. tun 1987,  Shugaban Bruichladdich Distillery Company 2004–2012, Shugaban Waterford Distillery Company tun 2014 da kuma Renegade Spirits Grenada tun 2016. Mactaggart ya kasance yana da hannu a cikin ƙungiyoyin agaji da dama, ciki har da Thames Valley Housing Association, The Head Injuries Trust for Scotland, Coalting Deafness, Action on Hearing Loss, The Scottish Ballet, Commonweal Housing da Grove End Housing Association da sauransu. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

Ya yi aure da farko, a cikin 1977, Patricia, ƙaramar 'yar Major Harry Alastair Gordon, MC da Lady Joan Patricia Quirk, 'yar Field Marshal Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell. Sun sake aure a shekarar 1990. A shekara ta 1991, ya auri Caroline, ƙaramar 'yar Eric Charles Williams, ta Fair Acre, Esher, Surrey; suna da' ya'ya maza biyu da mata biyu. Daga karshe ya auri Helena van der Kun, tsohuwar matar mai ritaya na aji na farko mai suna Matthew Fosh.

Sir John shi ne babban ɗan'uwan Mai Girma Fiona Mactaggart, 'yar Jam'iyyar Labour Party MP ta Slough daga 1997 zuwa 2017.

## manazarta
Imogen Hermes Gowar

Imogen Hermes Gowar marubuciya ce 'yar Birtaniya. Ta buga littafinta na farko mai suna The Mermaid and Mrs Hancock, inda ta lashe kyautar Betty Trask a shekarar 2019; ta shiga jerin sunayen waɗanda za su fafata a gasar kyautar mata ta Fiction .

## Rayuwa ta sirri da farkon aikinta
Kakan Gowar ita ce mai sassaka da sassaka Gertrude Hermes . 

Gowar ta yi karatun ilmin kayan tarihi, ilmin ɗan adam da tarihin fasaha a Jami'ar Gabashin Anglia .  Daga nan ta yi aiki a gidajen tarihi, ciki har da Ayyukan Baƙi a Gidan Tarihi na Burtaniya, yayin da take rubuta gajerun labarai da aka yi wahayi zuwa gare su daga abubuwan nunin.   Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin lauya a Landan kafin ta buga littafinta na farko. 

## Aikin rubutu
A shekarar 2013, Gowar ta lashe kyautar tallafin karatu na tunawa da Malcolm Bradbury don yin karatun digiri na biyu a fannin rubuce-rubuce masu ƙirƙira a Jami'ar East Anglia.  Rubutunta na farko ya samo asali ne daga littafinta na farko mai suna *[[The Mermaid and Mrs Hancock]] .*  Littafin ya lashe kyautar Betty Trask a shekarar 2019 kuma an zaɓe shi don kyautar mata don almara da kyautar marubuciyar shekara ta Sunday Times a shekarar 2018.    An kuma yi masa rajista na dogon lokaci don kyautar Desmond Elliott a shekarar 2018. 

Gowar tana rubuta littafinta na gaba a yanzu. 

## Manazarta
James Marwick

**James Marwick** (1862–1936) ɗan asalin ƙasar Scotland ne  kuma asalin wanda ya kafa ofishin lissafin kuɗi wanda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin lissafin kuɗi guda huɗu, KPMG .

## Ayyuka
An haifi Marwick a Edinburgh, Scotland, a cikin 1862. Mahaifin Marwick shi ne Sir James David Marwick, wani Orcadian wanda ya kasance Town Clerk na Glasgow daga 1873 zuwa 1904. Matashin Marwick ya cancanci zama mai ba da lissafi, kuma ya fara aikin lissafi a Glasgow, kuma ya yi tafiya zuwa Ostiraliya don gudanar da jarrabawar banki ga ƙungiyar masu saka hannun jari na Scotland a lokacin rikicin banki na Ostiraliya na 1893. 

Marwick daga baya ya yi tafiya daga Ostiraliya zuwa Kanada kuma, ya burge shi da damar kasuwanci a Arewacin Amurka da kuma horar da abokan ciniki na banki, ya tafi Amurka a 1894 kuma ya fara neman abokin tarayya.

Marwick da Roger Mitchell, abokan makaranta daga Jami'ar Glasgow, a zahiri sun haɗu da juna a kan titin Birnin New York a shekara ta 1897. An aika Mitchell zuwa Amurka don gudanar da kasuwancin masana'antu na iyali. Su biyun sun kafa aiki tare a cikin abin da aka lakafta cikakkiyar "ofishin gaba / ofishin baya".

Bayan bude Marwick, Mitchell & Company a New York, Marwick ya fara tafiya zuwa wasu birane, yana buɗe ofisoshi a duk faɗin Amurka. Percy Garrett, wanda ke gudanar da ofishin Landan, ya taɓa rubuta cewa Marwick marar gajiyawa ya yi tafiya kusan kilomita 15,000 a shekara.

Marwick ya yi ritaya a 1917, ya ba da izini ga Mitchell, wanda ya zama babban abokin tarayya kuma ya kasance har zuwa 1925 lokacin da kamfanin ya haɗu da William Barclay Peat & Co. don kafa Peat, Marwick & Mitchell. 

Kyautar Marwick ta ci gaba tare da nadin Farfesa James Marwick a KPMG: rawar da aka saba cikawa da babban masanin kimiyya.

## manazarta
Andrew Kehoe

**Andrew Philip Kehoe** (Fabrairu 1, 1872 - Mayu 18, 1927) ɗan asalin Amurka ne Mai kisan gilla. Kehoe manomi ne na Michigan wanda ya yi fushi bayan ya rasa zaben ya zama magatakarda na Garin Bath.  Ya kashe matarsa sannan ya fashe bama-bamai a Makarantar Bath Consolidated a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 1927, wanda ya haifar da Bala'in Makarantar Bath inda aka kashe mutane 45 kuma wasu mutane 58 suka ji rauni. Kehoe ya kashe kansa a kusa da makarantar ta hanyar fashewar dinamite a cikin motarsa, ya kashe kansa da wasu mutane da yawa kuma ya ji wa wasu rauni. A baya ya kunna na'urorin konewa a gidansa da kewayen gonarsa, ya lalata dukkan gine-gine. Wannan taron ya kasance mafi munin kisan kiyashi a makarantar Amurka.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Kehoe a Tecumseh, Michigan, a cikin ƙaramin iyali mai 'ya'ya 13. Iyayensa sune Philip Kehoe (1833–1915) da Mary (McGovern) Kehoe (1835–1890).  Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Tecumseh da Kwalejin Jihar Michigan (daga baya Jami'ar Jihar Michigan ), inda ya yi karatun injiniyan lantarki . A can ne ya fara haɗuwa da matar da zai aura, Ellen "Nellie" Price, 'yar wani iyali mai arziki na Lansing .  

Bayan kwaleji, Kehoe ya tafi kudu maso yamma, a bayyane yake yana aiki na shekaru da yawa a matsayin masanin lantarki a St. Louis, Missouri. A wannan lokacin, a cikin 1911, ya sami mummunan rauni a kai a cikin faduwa  kuma ya kasance a cikin coma na makonni biyu. 

Kehoe ya koma tare da mahaifinsa bayan raunin. A lokacin da Kehoe ya tafi mahaifiyarsa ta mutu kuma mahaifinsa ya auri Frances Wilder, wanda Kehoe ba ya son shi. A ranar 17 ga Satumba, 1911, Frances ta kone sosai lokacin da murhun iyali ya fashe yayin da take ƙoƙarin kunna shi. Man fetur ya tsoma ta, tare da jikinta yana ƙonewa. Kehoe ya jefa ruwa daga guga da ke kusa da ita; saboda yanayin mai na wuta, ruwan bai yi komai ba don kashe harshen wuta. Ba da daɗewa ba Frances ta mutu daga raunin da ta ji, tare da zargin cewa an lalata murhu. [Lokaci na 3]

## Aure da iyali
Bayan dawowarsa Michigan, a shekarar 1912 ya auri Nellie Price. A shekarar 1919 ma'auratan sun sayi fili mai  gona a wajen ƙauyen Bath   daga goggon Nellie akan $12,000 (daidai da $ 391,000 a 2024 [ 15 ] ). Ya biya $6,000 a tsabar kuɗi kuma ya ɗauki jinginar gida na $6,000.  

## Halin mutum
Kehoe maƙwabtansa sun ɗauke shi a matsayin mutum mai basira sosai wanda ya zama mara haƙuri da fushi da waɗanda ba su yarda da shi ba. Maƙwabta sun tuna cewa Kehoe koyaushe yana da kyau, yana da tufafi masu kyau, kuma an san shi da canza rigarsa a tsakar rana ko kuma duk lokacin da ya zama ɗan datti. Maƙwabta sun kuma ba da labarin yadda Kehoe ya kasance mai zalunci ga dabbobinsa na gona, bayan ya taɓa doke doki har ya mutu. Kehoes da farko sun halarci hidima a cocin Katolika a Bath, amma ya ki biyan kuɗin Ikklisiya na membobin kuma daga baya ya hana matarsa halarta.

## manazarta
Lia Finocchiaro

**Lia Emele Finocchiaro** (pronunciation Italiyanci: [ˈliːa finokˈkjaːro]; an haife ta a ranar 20 ga Satumba 1984 ) 'yar siyasar Australiya ce wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Babban Ministan Yankin Arewa tun watan Agusta 2024. Wani memba na Jam'iyyar Liberal Party (CLP), ta wakilci kujerar Spillett a Majalisar Dokokin Yankin Arewa tun lokacin da aka zabe ta a shekarar 2016. Bayan murabus din Gary Higgins a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2020, ta zama Shugabar Jam'iyyar adawa a Yankin Arewa. Kafin wannan, ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na Drysdale daga 2012 zuwa 2016.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Finocchiaro a Darwin kuma ya girma a Palmerston . Ta halarci makarantun firamare na gida kafin ta kammala karatun sakandare a Kwalejin Kormilda.  Yayinda take makarantar sakandare, ta zama "mafi girman soja a yankin Arewa". Ta yi karatun digiri na Baccalaureate na Duniya, sannan ta kammala karatu tare da digiri biyu a fannin shari'a da karatun kasa da kasa daga Jami'ar Adelaide .  Ta koma Darwin a shekara ta 2008, kuma an shigar da ita a matsayin lauya a yankin Arewa, ta fara aiki a matsayin magatakarda a kamfanin lauya na Clayton Utz. Ta kuma sami difloma na digiri na shari'a daga Jami'ar Charles Darwin. 

## Majalisar dokoki
A cikin shekara ta 2012, Jam'iyyar Liberal ta Kasa ta zabi Finocchiaro don kujerar Palmerston ta tsakiya ta Drysdale a zaben wannan shekarar, maimakon zama memba na CLP Ross Bohlin, wanda bai yi nasara ba a tseren ta a matsayin mai ra'ayin mazan jiya mai zaman kansa. Ita ce mafi ƙanƙanta MLA a tarihin Majalisar Dokoki.

A ranar 7 ga Maris 2013, an ɗaga Finocchiaro zuwa Ma'aikatar Mills ta Biyu, inda ta zama Ministar Wasanni da Nishaɗi, Tseren Mota, Jiha, Matasan Yankuna da Manyan Yankuna. Tana da shekaru 28, ita ce minista mafi ƙarancin shekaru a tarihin Yankin.  Duk da haka, an kore ta daga ma'aikatar a ranar 14 ga Maris bayan da Adam Giles ya yi nasarar kalubalantar Babban Minista Terry Mills na wancan lokacin mako guda bayan haka. 

## Mataimakin shugabancin CLP (2016-2020)
A daren zabe, yankin ya sauya sosai ga Labour, wanda ya lashe rinjaye mafi rinjaye. Koyaya, Finocchiaro ta jimre da wannan babbar guguwar Labor tare da karamin juyawa a kanta a Spillett, yana tabbatar da kasancewa Aiki mafi ƙarancin haɗari ga zaɓaɓɓun membobin CLP. Ita ce kadai memba na CLP wanda aka tabbatar da sake zabensa a daren zabe, kuma na 'yan kwanaki yana yiwuwa cewa ita kadai ce memba na CLC da ta rage a majalisar dokoki. Daga ƙarshe, Finocchiaro ya haɗu da ɗan'uwansa na biyu Gary Higgins. A halin yanzu, kujerarta ta baya ta Drysdale ta rasa ga dan takarar Labour Eva Lawler.

## Manazarta
Ian McAllister

**Sir Ian Gerald McAllister** CBE (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1943)  ɗan kasuwa ne na Scotland. Tsohon Shugaban Kamfanin Motar Ford na Burtaniya, ya kasance Shugaban Network Rail daga 2002 zuwa 2009.

## Tarihin rayuwa
McAllister was born in Glasgow to Ian McAllister and Margaret Mary McAllister. The family moved to Chorley, Lancashire when he was a child, and he received a Catholic education at Thornleigh Salesian College, Bolton. McAllister graduated from the University of London in 1964, where he gained a BSc in economics.

### Ford
McAllister ya shiga Ford a matsayin mai horar da kudi kuma ya ci gaba ta hanyar matsayi daban-daban a tallace-tallace da tallace-tafiye a Burtaniya da Jamus kafin ya zama darektan tallace-kallace na Lincoln Mercury a Amurka, ya dawo ya zama manajan darektan kuma daga baya Shugaban kamfanin Burtaniya wanda ya kunshi kawai alamar Ford da aka gina a Dagenham. A lokacin shugabancinsa, ya mayar da kamfanin zuwa riba daga asarar £ 660Million a cikin 1990,  amma ya canja samar da sabon Mondeo zuwa Genk, Belgium a karkashin shirin Ford na duniya; yayin da yake riƙe da samar da kayan Escort a Halewood da Fiesta a Dagenham.

### A waje Ford
Yayinda yake shugaban Ford, ya rike mukamai daban-daban na masana'antu, gami da zama Shugaban kungiyar masu kera motoci da 'yan kasuwa. Bayan ya yi ritaya daga Ford, McAllister ya fara aiki da Gwamnati, tare da mukaminsa guda daya da ba na zartarwa ba a Scottish da Newcastle.

An nada McAllister a matsayin Shugaban Network Rail a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2002 bayan sayen Railtrack. A ranar 3 ga Oktoba 2008, ya ba da sanarwar cewa ba zai tsaya takara don sake zaben ba don ci gaba a matsayin shugaban Network Rail. Ya rike wannan mukamin na tsawon shekaru shida. A cikin yin sanarwar, Sir Ian ya lura cewa yayin da Network Rail ke motsawa zuwa "sabon mataki a cikin ci gabanta," ya dace a sami sabon shugaban da zai jagoranci shi a can.

Ya kasance a baya: Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar Kula da Kwarewa da Tsarin Mulki; memba na Kwamitin Ba da Shawara kan Kasuwanci da Muhalli; memba na Majalisar Ba da Shaware na Makarantar Gudanarwa, Kwalejin Imperial; Shugaban Carbon Trust (2001-2011); memba na Energy Saving Trust;  memba na kwamitin ba da shawara na Mataimakin Mataimakin.

### Rayuwar sirri
Ya auri Susan kuma suna da 'ya'ya hudu.

An nada shi Kwamandan Order of the British Empire (CBE) a cikin Kyautar Sabuwar Shekara ta 1996 kuma an ba shi lambar yabo a cikin Kyautattun Shekara ta 2008. An ba shi lambar yabo ta Doctorate daga Jami'ar Loughborough a watan Yulin 1999. 

## manazarta
Kwalejin Redlands

**Kwalejin Redlands** makaranta ce mai zaman kanta wacce ba ta da alaƙa da addinin Kirista, wacce ke cikin unguwar Redland City da ke Wellington Point, Queensland, Ostiraliya. Kwalejin tana ɗaukar kimanin ɗalibai 1,300 daga aji na 1 zuwa aji na 12 kuma wata ƙungiya ce da membobin Cocin Kristi a Ostiraliya suka kafa ke gudanar da ita.

## Tarihi
An fara buɗe Kwalejin Redlands a watan Fabrairun 1988 da ɗalibai 91 a aji 1-8, waɗanda aka gina a cikin gine-ginen da za a iya sauke su. Kwalejin ta fara shirin gininta na dindindin a shekararta ta farko, tare da kayan aiki ga ɗaliban firamare da sakandare da kuma gudanarwa.

A shekara ta 2007, an raba kwalejin zuwa makarantu uku daban-daban amma an haɗa su - Makarantar Ƙarami (Shirye-shiryen zuwa Aji na 5), Makarantar Tsakiya (Aji na 6–9) da Makarantar Sakandare (Aji na 10–12).

## Shugabannin makarantu
Allan Todd ya kafa Kwalejin Redlands a shekarar 1988 kuma ya yi aiki da aminci a kwalejin a matsayin Shugaban Makaranta har zuwa ƙarshen 2013. A shekarar 2014 an naɗa Mark Bensley Shugaban Makaranta kuma ya jagoranci kwalejin na tsawon shekaru uku har zuwa ƙarshen 2016. An naɗa Andrew Johnson Shugaban Makaranta a shekarar 2017 kuma ya ci gaba da aiki a wannan matsayin. 

## Kayan aiki
Kwalejin Redlands tana kan wani yanki mai fadin 8 hectares (20 acres) a Wellington Point. An tsara kayan aikin ne bisa tsarin gine-gine don yanayin Queensland . Kwalejin tana da wurare daban-daban na musamman don biyan buƙatun ɗaliban makarantar firamare, sakandare da sakandare. Bugu da ƙari, al'ummar makarantar gaba ɗaya suna raba manyan wurare da dama, ciki har da cibiyar wasanni ta zamani, 25 metres (82 ft) wurin waha mai zafi na cikin gida, manyan oval guda uku, babban ɗakin karatu na albarkatu, dakunan gwaje-gwaje na kwamfuta da yawa, ginin fasaha mai bayyanawa, cibiyar kimiyya da kuma zauren da ke da manufofi da yawa.

## Fasaha
Kwalejin Redlands ta fara ɗaukar Shirin iPad a matsayin kayan aikin koyarwa da ilmantarwa; an ƙaddamar da shi a shekarar 2011. A ƙarshen 2011 Kwalejin Redlands ta zama Makarantar Musamman ta Apple  kuma a cikin 2017 ta cika buƙatun zama Makarantar eSmart tare da Gidauniyar Alannah da Madeline.

## Manazarta
Kwalejin Dutsen Alvernia

**Kwalejin Mount Alvernia** makaranta ce ta sakandare mai zaman kanta ta Roman Katolika ga 'yan mata da ke yankin Kedron na Brisbane, a jihar Queensland, Ostiraliya. An kafa ta a shekarar 1956 ta ƙungiyar Missionary Franciscan Sisters of the Immaculate Conception.

Dutsen Alvernia memba ce a ƙungiyar wasanni ta 'yan mata ta makarantar sakandare ta Katolika.

## Bayani
Manufar Mount Alvernia ita ce "Ilmantar da matasa mata a cikin al'adar Franciscan". Shirye-shiryen ilimi, al'adu, ruhaniya, da kuma wayar da kan jama'a sun dogara ne akan ƙa'idodin Franciscan na ƙauna, tausayi, sauƙi, zaman lafiya, farin ciki, amincewa da Allah, girmamawa, da hidima.

Kwalejin tana da gine-gine bakwai da ke ɗauke da kayan aikin kimiyya na zamani, wasanni, fasaha, fasaha, da kuma tattalin arziki na gida. Har ila yau, filin makarantar yana da lambu, La Foresta, wanda ke da ado da aiki, yana samar da sabbin amfanin gona don amfani a cikin azuzuwan kantin magani da tattalin arziki na gida.

Kafin shekarar 2015, Kwalejin ta raba ɗalibai zuwa ƙungiyoyi huɗu na gida: Greccio, Perugia, Rieti, da Spoleto. Lokacin da ƙungiyar farko ta ɗaliban aji 7 ta shiga Kwalejin a shekarar 2015, an gabatar da sabbin gidaje guda biyu: Villa Spada da Belle Prairie. Kowanne gida an sanya masa suna ne saboda wani muhimmin wuri a rayuwar St Francis na Assisi da kuma wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar Missionary Franciscan Sisters of the Immaculate Conception Elizabeth Hayes.

Dutsen Alvernia yana kusa da wasu makarantun Franciscan guda biyu: makarantar firamare ta St Anthony's da Kwalejin Padua, makarantar yara maza ta Aji 5-12. Makarantun uku an san su da Franciscans a kan Tudu (FOTH).

Mercy Partners ce ke gudanar da Kwalejin kuma memba ce ta cibiyar sadarwa ta Franciscan Schools Australia. 

## Bayyana (Kafofin Yaɗa Labarai)
Kwalejin Mount Alvernia ta bayyana a Talabijin na Australiya sau da yawa, musamman a shirye-shiryen 'Gardening Australia', da 'The Swap'.

## Manazarta
Jos Hackforth-Jones

**Jos Hackforth-Jones** ƙwararriyar mai kula da harkokin ilimi ce, masaniyar tarihin fasahace,kuma marubuciya, mai kula da harkokin fasaha, kuma malamar makaranta. Ita ce Shugaba kuma Darakta a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Sotheby - London    ] [       Tana da digirin MA daga Kwalejin Fasaha ta Courtauld, Jami'ar London  da kuma digirin BA daga Jami'ar Sydney .

## Manazarta
Bill McFarlane

**William McLean McFarlane** (Maris 30, 1930 - Yuni 28, 2020) ya kasance ƙwararren ɗan wasan Kwallon ƙafa na Kanada wanda ya buga wa Toronto Argonauts . An tsara shi da farko a cikin 1954 CFL Draft ta Argonauts.  

## Manazarta
Rosemary Gordon

**Rosemary Gordon** ( Jamus a shekarar 1918 – 17 ga Janairu 2012, Menerbes, Faransa ) ƙwararriyar masaniyar ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ce ta ƙasar Birtaniya, kuma ƙwararriyar masaniyar ilimin halayyar ɗan adam kuma marubuciya. Ta kasance ma'aikaciyar Cibiyar Nazarin Halayyar ɗan adam ta Burtaniya da Ireland da kuma ƙungiyar nazarin halayyar ɗan adam ta Burtaniya kuma ƙwararriya ce a Cibiyar Nazarin Halayyar ɗan adam ta Jami'ar Kent .

Bayan kammala karatu a Switzerland, Gordon ta zo Landan inda ta yi digiri a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam sannan daga baya ta sami digirin digirgir a Jami'ar Landan .  Ta yi binciken ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a cikin taurarin iyali a Sorbonne da ke Paris . Bayan dawowarta Ingila, aikinta a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ya mayar da hankali kan gwajin hangen nesa . 

Ta fara sha'awar yiwuwar nazarin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam kuma ta yi bincike tare da Kleinian Hanna Segal .  Duk da haka, ta ga cewa tushenta yana da iyaka kuma ta koma ga ilimin halayyar ɗan adam.  Ta zama memba na London Society of Analytical Psychology a 1957 wanda daga baya ta zama shugaba.  Ta kasance tare da Michael Fordham da Kenneth Lambert na jerin littattafan likitanci da Society of Analytical Psychology suka buga sannan daga baya ta zama editan *Journal of Analytical Psychology* (1986-1994). Ba ta yi watsi da sha'awarta gaba ɗaya ga ƙungiyar British Independent ba, musamman aikin Melanie Klein da Donald Winnicott . Tare da abokiyar aikinta Judith Hubback, ta kafa "Freud-Jung Group" wanda ya haɗu tsawon shekaru don musayar ra'ayoyi tsakanin membobin British Psychoanalytical Society da Society of Analytical Psychology.  Baya ga rubuce-rubucenta da yawa, ta rubuta manyan littattafai guda biyu, *Dying and Creating, a Search for Meaning* (1978) inda ta bincika tsarin alama da bambance-bambancen da ta samu a cikin ra'ayoyin CG Jung da Sigmund Freud .  Littafinta na ƙarshe shine *Bridges, Metaphor for Psychic Processes* (1993), wanda ya tattara rubuce-rubucen rayuwa ta ƙwararru.  Ta kasance likita mai daraja a duniya, mai kula da kuma malami.

A shekarar 1950, Rosemary Gordon ta auri wani jami'in leƙen asiri kuma mai shirya shirye-shiryen BBC na gaba, Peter Montagnon, kuma a lokacin an san ta da Rosemary Gordon-Montagnon.  Sun yi ritaya a yankunan karkara na Kudancin Faransa inda ta riga ta rasu a shekarar 2012.  

## Duba kuma

* William P. Kraemer

## Littattafan tarihi

* *Mutuwa da Ƙirƙira, Binciken Ma'ana* . London: Ƙungiyar Ilimin Halayyar Nazari. 1978. 
* *Bridges, Ma'anar Tsarin Halayya* a London: Taylor da Francis . 1993. ISBN&nbsp;
* *Duniya Mai Zaman Kanta, Aikin da Yanayin Hoto* . London da New York: Academic Press Ltd, 1972 /12 http://archives.wellcome.ac.uk/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqCmd=show.tcl&dsqSearch=(RefNo==%27PPFOR%2FH%2F4%27) Taskar Laburare Mai Barka da Zuwa
* *Ɗaliban Daliban Da Suka Yi Zanga-zangar Ɗalibai na II da Sabbin Ɗabi'u*, nd http://archives.wellcome.ac.uk/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqCmd=show.tcl&dsqSearch=(RefNo==%27PPFOR%2FH%2F4%27) Taskar Laburare Mai Barka da Zuwa

## Manazarta
Alex McGeoch

**Alexander McGeoch** (10 Maris 1854 - 24 Janairu 1922) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Scotland wanda ya buga wa Glasgow Western, Dumbreck da Scotland .  Mai tsaron gida, shi ne kawai dan wasan Dumbreck da aka zaba don aikin kasa da kasa. McGeoch ya kuma buga wasan kurket da rugby union (yana wakiltar kulob din Yammacin Scotland a wasanni biyu);  a rayuwarsa ta sana'a ya kasance darektan kamfani a kamfanin kayan aikin tagulla a Ingila, kuma a 1920 an ba shi OBE don ayyukan da suka shafi aiki dangane da Yaƙin Duniya na farko. 

## Manazarta
Anna Maria Goldsmid

**Anna Maria Goldsmid** (17 Satumba 1805 - 8 Fabrairu 1889, London), mai taimakon jama'a kuma mai fassara, ita ce babban ɗa ga Isaac Lyon Goldsmid kuma 'yar'uwar Sir Francis Henry Goldsmid . 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Anna Maria Goldsmid a ranar 17 ga Satumba, 1805. Tana da ilimi na sirri, ƙwararriyar masaniyar harsuna ce, tana karatun Italiyanci tare da Dante Gabriel Rossetti . Ta kuma koyi Faransanci, Jamusanci da Ibrananci, ta kuma yi karatun na biyu tare da Hyman Hurwitz . Malaminta na Turanci shi ne Thomas Campbell .

Ta sadaukar da kanta ga mahaifinta, ta taimaka masa a aikinsa, musamman kafa Kwalejin Jami'a, Landan da Majami'ar Yahudawa ta Yammacin Landan .

An haife ta a matsayin Bayahudiya ta Orthodox, ta ci gaba da kasancewa mai lura sosai a tsawon rayuwarta. Duk da haka, ta ƙi rashin ƙarfin mata a majami'un Orthodox, kuma ta goyi bayan Majami'ar Yammacin London da fatan cewa za ta ba wa mata ƙarin matsayi a cikin rayuwar addinin Yahudawa.

Anna Maria Goldsmid ta sadaukar da lokaci mai yawa ga harkokin ilimi, inda ta sami ƙwarewa a duk faɗin ƙasar. Ta kafa makarantar jarirai ta Yahudawa, Landan (1841), sannan ta sake kafa gidan kurame da bebaye na Yahudawa (1863). Ta kasance mai kula da Asibitin Kwalejin Jami'a da Asibitin Homoeopathic, duka a Landan.

## Littattafai

* Fassarar Turanci, mai taken "Ci gaban Ra'ayin Addini", na Ludwig Philippsohn (1855)
* Fassarar Turanci, mai taken "The Decides: Analysis of the Life of Jesus", na ƙaryatawar, ta J. Cohen na Marseilles, na ra'ayin cewa Yahudawa masu kisan gillar Almasihu ne (1872)
* Fassarar Turanci, mai taken "Tsantar da Yahudawan Roumania, ta hanyar abokin ƙasarsa, mutanensa, da kuma 'yanci" (1872)
* Fassarar lambar ilimi ta Prussian da aka fassara a Turanci (1872)
* "Abin da ya kamata 'yan mata su koya, abin da iyaye mata ya kamata su yi, da kuma yadda maza ya kamata su taimaka musu" : lacca da aka gabatar a ranar 29 ga Maris, 1874, kuma aka buga ta hanyar buƙata" (1874)
* Takardu da yawa kan tambayoyin ilimi

## Duba kuma

* Iyalan Goldsmid
* Tarihin Yahudawa a Ingila

## Manazarta
Maggie McIver

**Margaret McIver** (9 ga Mayu 1879 - 1958), wanda aka fi sani da "Sarauniyar Barras", ita ce ta kafa Barras, kasuwar titi a yankin Glasgow" id="mwCA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Calton, Glasgow">Calton a gabashin Glasgow. Da farko yanki ne na kasuwannin titi, ya zama shafin dindindin lokacin da aka kara rufin don kare shaguna daga mummunan yanayi kuma yanzu yana da shaguna sama da dubu a cikin kasuwanni 10. Har ila yau, wurin Barrowland Ballroom ne, ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren dutse da wuraren pop na birnin.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Maggie McIver Margaret Russell a Galston, Ayrshire, a ranar 9 ga Mayu 1879. Mahaifinta, Thomas Russell, dan sanda ne kuma mahaifiyarta, Margaret Sclanders, 'yar Faransa ce. Kafin bude kantin sayar da 'ya'yan itace, Maggie ta yi aiki a matsayin mai gyaran Faransa kamar mahaifiyarta. Ta sadu da mijinta James McIver a kasuwar 'ya'yan itace kuma sun kafa nasu kasuwancin hayar dawakai da kekuna ga masu siyarwa da gida.

## Barras

McIver ta hayar da barrows sama da 300 ga masu siyarwa na gida a cikin farfajiyarta a Marshall Lane. Wannan ya kasance ne don mayar da martani ga Kamfanin Gida da ke so su dakatar da 'yan kasuwa na titi da' yan kasuwa na titi daga hannun' yan sanda. A cikin 1926, Maggie McIver ta yanke shawarar rufe kasuwa galibi don kare masu sayar da tufafi daga lalacewar kayansu. An rufe kasuwar sosai bayan shekaru biyu.

## Yankin Barrowlands

Al'ada ce ga McIver ya dauki bakuncin bikin Kirsimeti ga masu siyarwa da iyalansu a cikin zauren gida. Shekara guda, lokacin da McIver ba ta iya hayar zauren ba, sai ta yanke shawarar gina nata, sanannen Barrowland Ballrooms wanda ya buɗe Kirsimeti Kirsimeti maraice 1934.

## Bikin Tunawa
An kara takarda a cikin Barrowlands Ballroom don tunawa da Maggie McIver a matsayin wani ɓangare na Scots goma sha biyu da ake girmamawa ta Tarihin Muhalli Scotland (HES).  Har ila yau, akwai dutse mai tunawa a ɗaya daga cikin ƙofar ƙofar Glasgow Green.

## Manazarta
Ian George (mai zane)

**Ian David George** (1952-2016) ya kasance babban mai zane-zane na Tsibirin Cook wanda aka haifa a New Zealand, mai zane-zanen, malami, kuma mai kula da zuriyar Atiu da Rarotonga.

George ya kasance memba ne na kafa kungiyar Cook Island Arts Association kuma tsohon shugaban Tautai Pacific Arts Trust, A cikin 1988, George ya koma Rarotonga don bincika al'adun iyalinsa a Tsibirin Cook da sake kafa sashen fasaha a Kwalejin Tereora, kwalejin ƙasa. George daga baya ya koma New Zealand a 1995 don kula da sashen fasaha a Kwalejin Hillary.

A shekara ta 1998, ya shirya *Paringa Ko*, babban nune-nunen farko na fasahar zamani ta masu zane-zane na tsibirin Cook da ke zaune a New Zealand, tare da masu zane-zanen kamar Ani O'Neill, Sylvia Marsters, Ma Chi Tangaroa, Michel Tuffery, Jim Vivieaere, Ian George, da Kay George. Gidan Tarihi na Kasa a Fiji, da Gidan Tarihin Cook Islands, da kuma Fisher Gallery a Auckland, New Zealand. Babban Hukumar New Zealand ce ta dauki nauyin baje kolin.

A shekara ta 2002, George ya kammala karatu tare da Master of Fine Arts daga Makarantar Fine Arts ta Elam, Jami'ar Auckland, kuma a wannan shekarar, George ya koma Rarotonga har abada don zama mai ba da shawara kan zane-zane ga Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Cook Islands kuma malami a Kwalejin Malamai ta Cook Islands.

A shekara ta 2003, George ya kuma shirya wani nune-nunen da ake kira Te Ata Ou a matsayin martani ga *Paringa Ko* . An nuna Te Ata Ou a Christchurch don zama wani ɓangare na Taron Kungiyar Fasaha ta Pacific a Christch Church, New Zealand .

## Tarin abubuwa
Ana gudanar da ayyukan George a cikin masu zaman kansu da manyan tarin jama'a da masu zaman kansu a duk faɗin New Zealand, da Tsibirin Cook ciki har da Majalisar Dokokin New Zealand, Christchurch Art Gallery,  Majalisar Auckland, Jami'ar Kudancin Pacific,  Arts House Trust, Pacific Business Trust, [4] da Te Vakaroa Villas.

## Zaɓuɓɓukan nune-nunen

* 1995: Pacific Graffiti, Cibiyar Al'umma ta Uxbridge, Auckland New Zealand 
* 1998: *Paringa Ko,*, Fisher Gallery, Auckland, New Zealand 
* 1998: *Paringa Ko*, Gidan Tarihi na Fiji, Fiji 
* 1998: *Paringa Ko*, Gidan Tarihi na Tsibirin Cook, Rarotonga, Tsibirin Cook 
* 2003: Te Ata Ou, Taron Kungiyar Fasaha ta Pacific a Christchurch, New Zealand 
* 2016: Divergence, Bergman Gallery, Rarotonga, Cook Islands 
* 2020: Tatou 2, Labarin Mu, Bergman Gallery, Rarotonga, Tsibirin Cook 
* 2023: Ta Mataora, Bergman Gallery, Rarotonga, Tsibirin Cook 

## Manazarta
Ian McAllister (mai kiyayewa)

**Ian Thomas McAllister** (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga Afrilu 1969) ɗan ƙasar Kanada ne mai kula da namun daji, darektan fina-finai kuma mai ɗaukar hoto na yanayi. McAllister ne wanda ya kafa Pacific Wild . Shi ne marubuci kuma co- marubucin littattafai 15, kuma ya jagoranci fina-finai da yawa.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi McAllister a Yammacin Vancouver a shekarar 1969, daya daga cikin 'ya'ya biyar na Peter da Jane McAllister . Ya halarci Makarantar Shawnigan Lake, a Tsibirin Vancouver kuma ya yi karatun kudu maso gabashin Asiya a Jami'ar Victoria .

## Ayyuka
A cikin 1991 Ian ya kafa kungiyar Raincoast Conservation Society . Bayan ya ziyarci Great Bear Rainforest a cikin kimanin 1994, ya fara karatu da daukar hoto a yankin. A shekara ta 1997 ya wallafa wani littafi, The Great Bear Rainforest: Canada's Forgotten Coast, tare da matarsa Karen da Cameron Young; a shekara mai zuwa shi da matarsa sun sami suna daga Mujallar Time a matsayin "Shugabannin Muhalli na Karni na 21".

A cikin 2007 McAllisters sun kafa kungiyar kiyaye namun daji ta Kanada Pacific Wild, wacce ke aiki don kawo wayar da kan jama'a game da batutuwan kiyayewa a cikin Great Bear Rainforest ta hanyar ba da labari na gani, ilimi da shiga yayin da yake ba da shawara ga namun daji da mazauninsu.

A cikin 2016 McAllister ya gabatar da jawabi, "Conservation in Canada's Great Bear Rainforest" a taron TEDxBrentwoodCollegeSchool.

Fim din McAllister mai suna Great Bear Rainforest: Land of the Spirit Bear, wanda aka harbe shi don gidan wasan kwaikwayo na IMAX da Giant Screen, an sake shi a duniya a cikin 2019. 

Ian McAllister ya yi murabus a matsayin babban darakta na Pacific Wild a ranar 16 ga Agusta, 2021. 'Narwhal' ya ba da rahoton sanarwar murabus dinsa kamar yadda, "Lokaci ya yi da ni in tafi saboda dalilai na kaina da na sana'a da kuma sabon darektan zartarwa don ci gaba da kungiyar".

## manazarta
Ivan Milat

**Ivan Robert Marko Milat** (27 Disamba 1944 - 27 Oktoba 2019),  wanda aka fi sani da shi a cikin kafofin watsa labarai a matsayin Backpacker Murderer, ɗan Australiya ne Mai kisan gilla wanda ya sace, ya kai farmaki, ya yi fashi kuma ya kashe maza biyu da mata biyar a New South Wales tsakanin 1989 da 1992. Hanyar da ya yi ita ce ya kusanci masu ba da kaya a kan Hume Highway a ƙarƙashin siffar samar musu da sufuri zuwa yankunan kudancin New South Wales, sannan ya kai wadanda ya kashe zuwa cikin gandun daji na jihar Belanglo inda zai iya kashe su. Ana kuma zargin Milat da aikata wasu irin waɗannan laifuka da yawa a Ostiraliya.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Ivan Milat a ranar 27 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1944, ga ɗan gudun hijirar Croatia kuma ma'aikaci Stjepan Marko "Steven" Milat (1902-1983) da Margaret Elizabeth Piddleston (1920-2001), ɗan ƙasar Australiya. Ivan ita ce ta biyar a cikin 'ya'yansu 14.

Iyalin Milat da suka talauci sun fara zama a wani gonar gida na ƙauyuka a Bossley Park, kilomita 36 a yammacin Sydney, kafin su koma Liverpool, New South Wales. A duk bayanan, iyayen Milat sun kasance masu hankali wajen kiwon, ilimantarwa da kuma horar da yaransu kuma sun tura su duka zuwa Makarantun Katolika. Koyaya, 'yan uwa sun bayyana mahaifin Milat kamar yadda yake da fushin saboda maye. Yawancin yaran Milat goma sun kasance sanannun 'yan sanda na yankin kuma ana amfani da su don sarrafa wuƙaƙe da bindigogi, suna ciyar da rana suna harbi a kan manufofi a cikin filin iyayensu.

'Yan uwan sun tuna da Milat yana nuna halin rashin jama'a da halin da ake ciki tun yana ƙarami, kamar kai farmaki ga dabbobi da wuka, wanda ya haifar da zama a makarantar zama a shekara 13.  Lokacin da yake da shekaru 17, ya kasance a Cibiyar tsare yara don sata, kuma yana da shekaru 19 ya shiga cikin fashewar shago. A shekara ta 1964, an yanke wa Milat hukuncin watanni 18 saboda karyawa da shiga, kuma wata daya bayan an sake shi an kama shi saboda tuki mota da aka sace kuma an yanke masa hukuncin aiki tuƙuru na shekaru biyu. A watan Satumbar 1967, yana da shekaru 22, an yanke masa hukuncin shekaru uku a kurkuku saboda sata.

A ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1971, Milat ta sace mata biyu masu shekaru 18 a kusa da Tashar jirgin kasa ta Liverpool da wuka. Ya yi wa daya daga cikin masu ba da motoci fyade kafin su tsaya a wani tashar man fetur, inda suka sami nasarar tserewa. An kama Milat daga baya a wannan rana kuma an tuhume shi da laifin fyade guda daya da kuma laifin fashi da makami guda biyu. Yayinda yake jiran shari'a, Milat ya shiga cikin jerin fashi tare da wasu 'yan uwansa kafin ya yi kama da kashe kansa ta hanyar barin takalmansa a The Gap, sanannen wurin kashe kansa na Sydney.

## manazarta
Gillian Gill

Gillian Catherine Gill ( wanda aka haifa a ranar 12 ga Yuni, 1942) marubuciya ce 'yar asalin ƙasar Welsh-Amurka kuma mai ilimi wacce ta ƙware a tarihin rayuwa. Ita ce marubucin Agatha Christie: The Woman and Her Mysteries (1990); Mary Baker Eddy (1998); Nightingales: The Extraordinary Upbringing and Curious Life of Miss Florence Nightingale (2004); We Two: Victoria and Albert, Rulers, Partners, Rivals (2009) da Virginia Woolf: And the Women Who Shaped Her World (2019).

An haifi Gillian Catherine Scobie a Cardiff, Wales ga William E. da Esme C. Scobie,  Gill ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Cardiff don 'Yan Mata kuma ta kammala karatunta daga New Hall a Jami'ar Cambridge da digirin girmamawa na farko a fannin Faransanci, Italiyanci, da Latin.   A watan Maris na 1972, ta sami digirin digirgir, wanda shi ma daga Cambridge ne, saboda takardar digirinta *mai suna André Malraux: Nazarin Marubuci* .  Bayan ta yi aure, ta yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka ta kuma koyar a Jami'ar Northeastern, Wellesley, Harvard, da Yale, inda ta kasance abokiyar Kwalejin Jonathan Edwards kuma darektan Shirin Nazarin Mata. 

Gill ta yi aiki a matsayin babbar darekta ta Alliance of Independent Scholars, memba a kwamitin gudanarwa na National Coalition of Independent Scholars, kuma memba ce a ƙungiyar Modern Language Association of America. Ta kasance mai ba da gudummawa ga National Endowment for the Humanities daga 1981 zuwa 1983. 

Ta auri D. Michael Gill, masanin kimiyyar sinadarai kuma farfesa a jami'a, a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 1965. Sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu, Christopher da Catherine.  Tana zaune a yankin Boston. 

## Ayyuka

; Tarihin Rayuwa

* **', Free Press, 1990.
* **', Littattafan Perseus, 1998.
* **', Random House, 2004.
* **', Ballantine Books, 2009.
* *Virginia Woolf: Da Matan Da Suka Siffanta Duniyarta*, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2019.

; Fassarori

* Luce Irigaray, *Speculum of the Sweet Woman*, Cornell University Press, 1985.
* Luce Irigaray, *Masoyin Ruwan Friedrich Nietzsche*, Jami'ar Columbia Press, 1991.
* Luce Irigaray, *Ɗabi'ar Bambancin Jima'i*, Cornell University Press, 1993.
* Luce Irigaray, *Jinsi da Asalin Halitta*, Columbia University Press, 1993.
* Lucienne Frappier-Mazur, *Rubuta Tsarin Aiki: Iko da Parody a Sade*, Jami'ar Pennsylvania Press, 1996.

## Manazarta
Julia Bullard Nelson

**Julia Bullard Nelson** (1842-1914) 'yar asalin Amurka ce kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata daga Red Wing, Minnesota . Bayan rasuwar mijinta da ɗansu kaɗai, ta tafi kudu zuwa Texas, a 1869, don koyar da tsoffin bayi a makarantun Ofishin Freedmen da gwamnatin Amurka ke tallafawa. Nelson ta yi bazara a shekarun 1870 da 1880 a Minnesota, inda ta fito a matsayin jagora ta jihar da ta kasa a cikin motsi don zaɓen mata da kuma kamfen ɗin kamewa game da amfani da barasa.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Julia Bullard was born in High Ridge, Connecticut, on May 13, 1842, the daughter of Edward and Angeline Raymond Bullard. Julia Bullard moved to Minnesota with her family in 1857. She earned a teaching degree at Hamline University, which was then located in Red Wing, around 1862. 

## Rayuwar manya da aiki

### Bala'in iyali
A watan Satumbar 1866, Bullard ya auri tsohon abokin karatunsa Ole Nelson. Bala'i ya addabi iyalin Nelson lokacin da jariri, Cyrus, ya mutu a watan Agustan 1867. Bayan watanni biyar kawai, Ole ya mutu. Sabuwar gwauruwa, malamin mai shekaru ashirin da shida ya yanke shawarar amfani da ƙwarewarta ta koyarwa don ingantaccen dalili ta hanyar ilimantar da sababbin bayi a Kudu.

### Yunkurin zamantakewa

A cikin 1869, Nelson ta yi tafiya zuwa Texas, wanda ya kasance mai haɗari, inda za ta koyar da bayi da aka 'yantar ta hanyar Ofishin 'yanci. Majalisa ta kirkiro Ofishin 'Yanci don taimakawa sabbin bayi da aka 'yantar wajen daidaitawa da sakin su bayan Yaƙin basasa. A shekara ta 1869, akwai kimanin makarantu dubu uku don 'yanci maza da mata, gami da wanda Nelson ya koyar.

Yawancin fararen Kudancin, masu fushi da cin nasarar da aka yi musu a lokacin yakin basasa (1861-1865), sun yi fushi sosai da malamai daga Arewa. Kodayake an yi mata barazanar tashin hankali kuma wasu fararen fata sun guje mata, Nelson ta koyar a Kudu daga 1870 har zuwa 1888.

## Rayuwa da mutuwa daga baya
Julia B. Nelson ta ci gaba da aikinta amma a cikin hunturu na 1912, tana da shekaru saba'in da daya, tana jin tasirin bronchitis. A cikin 1913, likitanta ya ba da shawarar hutu na dogon lokaci a Florida, kuma ta bi shawararsa. Amma a kan hanyarta ta kudu ta tsaya a Washington, DC don halartar taron mata na kasa. Nelson bai iya tsayayya da aiki ba, kuma a ƙarshen fall 1914, ya fara rangadin jirgin kasa na Arewacin Dakota, yana aiki don haƙƙin jefa kuri'a na mata. Da yake ya raunana da wannan ƙoƙari, Nelson ya mutu daga cutar huhu a ranar 24 ga Disamba, 1914. Wani labarin jarida ya ruwaito cewa ita ce "The Last of the Grand Old Women of Suffrage". Nelson ta bar mafi yawan dukiyarta ga William H. Richards, wani baƙar fata, wanda ta karbe shi a matsayin ɗanta.

## Manazarta
Makarantar Grammar ta Pulteney

**Makarantar Pulteney Grammar makaranta** ce mai zaman kanta, ta Anglican, wacce ke koyar da yara tare. An kafa ta a shekarar 1847 ta membobin Cocin Anglican, kuma ita ce makaranta ta biyu mafi tsufa mai zaman kanta a Kudancin Ostiraliya. Tana kan South Terrace a Adelaide.

## Kafawa

A watan Mayu na shekarar 1847, wasu 'yan ƙasar Adelaide suka haɗu don tattauna batun kafa sabuwar makaranta a birnin. Bayan watanni 12, a ranar 29 ga Mayu na shekarar 1848, an buɗe **Makarantar Titin Pulteney** a wani sabon gini  ginawa a kusurwar titunan Pulteney da Flinders . Duk da cewa an kafa shi a cikin al'adar Anglican, wanda ke ci gaba har zuwa yau, ya samar da ilimi tun daga farko ga ɗaliban dukkan addinai. 

Shugaban makarantar da aka naɗa, Rabaran Edmund King Miller, ya yi aiki a cikin mawuyacin hali: lokacin da aka kwantar da yara kusan 100, ya nemi mataimaki ga masu kula da makarantar, buƙatar da aka ƙi amincewa da ita bisa dalilin cewa akwai bashi a ginin da suke son a biya su. Emma Mitchell ta shiga daga baya a shekarar, musamman don ɗaukar nauyin karatun 'yan mata daban; amma daga ƙarshe aka ɗauki mataimakiyar Miller, William Pepper, aiki. Miller ya ci gaba da kasancewa cikin mummunan yanayi tare da amintattunsa, galibi saboda gazawarsu wajen fahimtar girman nauyin da ya hau kansa, gami da aikinsa na coci. Ya yi murabus a 1850. [1] :67–68

A shekarar 1852 makarantar ta zama **Makarantar Tsakiya ta Pulteney Street**,  lokacin da amintattunta suka karɓi manhajar karatu, dubawa da jarrabawa ta Hukumar Ilimi, kuma Jihar ta ƙara wa albashin malamanta. Shugabannin makarantu da dama na ɗan gajeren lokaci sun gaje Miller ( WA Cawthorne 1852–1855; RC Mitton 1855–1857  misali), kuma tsakanin alƙawarin da makarantar ta yi na tsawon shekaru da yawa ba tare da ɗaya ba. Daidai da naɗin Cawthorne, an naɗa Miss Bridgeman a matsayin shugabar makarantar 'yan mata. A shekara ta 1853 an maye  Miss (Grace) Light.

## ƙarni na 20

## Manazarta