Mary Stanley Low

**Mary Stanley Low** (14 ga Mayu 1912 - 9 ga Janairu 2007) ta kasance mai fafutukar siyasa ta Birtaniya da Cuba, Trotskyist, mawaƙiyar surrealism, mai zane da kuma malamar Latin .  An fi saninta da littafin *Red Spanish Notebook: farkon watanni shida na juyin juya hali da yakin basasa* .

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Low a shekarar 1912 a Landan, Ingila, ga iyayenta 'yan ƙasar Ostiraliya .  Ta yi karatu a Faransa da Switzerland, ta yi magana da Turanci, Faransanci da Sifaniyanci,  kuma ta yi tafiya tare da iyayenta zuwa Turai tun tana ƙarama. 

A farkon aikinta, Low ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar Latin, ta yi rubutu a mujallun Turanci kuma ta gyara *Classics Chronicles*, wata mujalla da aka yi sau biyu a shekara wadda aka keɓe ga harshen Latin da tarihin Roma. 

## Ƙungiyoyin fafutuka a Turai
Low ya haɗu da mawaƙin Cuban mai son surrealism Juan Ramón Breá (1905–1941) a shekarar 1933 a birnin Paris . [1] Sun yi abota da membobin ƙungiyar Faransa masu son surrealism, kamar mai zane Óscar Domínguez, mai zane Wifredo Lam da mawaƙi Benjamin Péret . [2] Ma'auratan sun zama masoya kuma sun yi tafiye-tafiye a faɗin Turai, ciki har da tafiye-tafiye zuwa Prague, Vienna, Belgrade, Istanbul, Bucharest, Brussels da London, kuma sun ziyarci ƙasar Cuba ta Breá. [1] A shekarar 1934, a lokacin ziyararsu zuwa Bucharest, sun yi yaƙin neman zaɓe tare da Victor Brauner don Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Romania . [3]

Low da Breá sun yi tafiya zuwa Barcelona,  a watan Agusta na 1936,  bayan boren soja da aka yi wa Jamhuriyar Spain a watan Yulin 1936 suka kuma tsallaka zuwa Spain daga Aragon, Faransa .  Low ya lashe kuɗi mai yawa a gidan caca na Monaco jim kaɗan kafin ya tafi Spain, kuma ya sanya wasu daga cikinsu don buga *juyin juya halin Spain* . 

A lokacin juyin juya hali, Low da Breá sun goyi bayan Jam'iyyar Ma'aikata ta Haɗin Kan Marxist ( Spanish : *Partido Obrero de Unificación Marxista*, POUM; Catalan : *Partit Obrer d'Unificació Marxista*, POUM).  Low ta yi rajista a matsayin 'yar bindiga a cikin rundunar mata "Lenin's Column", wanda daga baya aka sani da Sashe na 29.   Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai shelar Turanci a gidan rediyon POUM da ke Barcelona,  ta fassara wallafe-wallafen POUM kamar jaridar *The Spanish Revolution* zuwa Turanci don yaɗawa a ƙasashen duniya kuma ta samar da hotunan farfaganda.  Ana biyanta pesetas goma sha biyu a rana.  Lokacin da ta haɗu da membobin manema labarai na Ingila, ta soki su saboda lura maimakon shiga cikin gwagwarmayar juyin juya hali kuma ta bayyana su a matsayin "ƙungiyar talakawa, masu launin toka." 

Low da Breá sun zauna a Spain har zuwa Disamba 1936 kuma a cikin waɗannan watanni biyar Breá an daure ta sau biyu.  A ƙarshen lokacin da suke Spain, Low ya lura da "canzawar al'amari" a cikin yanayi yayin da juyin juya hali ya fara shuɗewa a Catalonia.  Dukansu sun gudu zuwa Faransa lokacin da 'yan Stalin suka yi musu barazanar mutuwa.  Low ta rubuta lokacin da ta bar Spain, wadda ta kira "cibiyar duniya," cewa "nadama ta fito a bakina."  Lokacin da ta bar Spain, ta yi jinkirin bayar da bindigar ta amma ta aika wa wata ƙawarta a Barcelona . 

A Ingila, Low da Breá sun rubuta *littafin rubutu na Ja na Sifaniya: watanni shida na farko na juyin juya hali da yakin basasa*, wanda Secker da Warburg suka buga, wanda shine shaidar farko ta rubuce-rubuce ta harshen Turanci da kuma nazarin siyasa na juyin juya halin Sifaniya na 1936.  Mary ta rubuta surori nata kuma ta fassara surori da Breá ta rubuta zuwa Turanci,  kuma kowannensu ya sanya hannu kan surori da suka rubuta.  Masanin tarihi kuma mai sukar Marxist Cyril Lionel Robert James,   ne ya gabatar da littafin kuma marubuci kuma ɗan jarida George Orwell ya yaba masa a cikin wani sharhi na mujallar *Time and Tide* .  An sake buga shi a shekarar 1979 ta City Lights Books, tare da sabon gabatarwa da Eugenio Fernandez Granell ya rubuta. 

A cikin littafin, Low ta yi jayayya kan ikirarin cewa 'yan bindiga sun fi damuwa da bayyanarsu,  ta ba da labarin binne shugaban ' yan adawa Buenaventura Durruti bayan mutuwarsa a watan Nuwamba 1936,  kuma ta lura da abubuwan da ta fuskanta game da al'adun 'yan siyasa na gwamnatin Catalan sabanin yanayin "daidaituwa" a kan titi.  Surorin Low sun kuma yaba da kokarin Sakatariyar Mata ta POUM wajen kafa darussa ga mata kan batutuwan "gurguzanci, walwalar yara, Faransanci, tsafta, 'yancin mata, asalin fahimtar addini da iyali" kuma wanda ya koya musu "saƙa da dinka da yin tutoci."  Ta kuma yi suka kan rinjayen tsarin maza a fagen siyasar Spain kuma ta tabbatar da cewa littafin ya rufe ra'ayoyin mata game da juyin juya halin, yana nuna cewa "mata 'yan Spain suna sha'awar kwace 'yancinsu." 

Low da Breá sun yi aure a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 1937 a Landan,  kuma sun zauna a Prague daga 1938 zuwa farkon 1940. A nan, sun yi abota da masu ra'ayin gurguzu na Czech, ciki har da Toyen, Bohuslav Brouk da Jindřich Heisler.  A wannan lokacin sun kuma rubuta littafin waƙar tsiraru na harshen Faransanci *La Saison des flûtes,* wanda *Editions Surréalists* of Paris suka fitar. 

Low da Breá sun shaida mamayar da sojojin Nazi na Jamus suka yi wa titunan Prague a farkon Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu . A watan Fabrairun 1940, Low da Breá sun yi ƙaura zuwa Cuba daga Turai, bayan sun sami takardun tsaro ta hanyar saninsu da wani jami'in al'adu na Jamus wanda memba ne na manyan mutane.  Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ma'auratan sun zauna a Cuba, Breá ya mutu a 1941, yana da shekaru 35. 

## Manazarta