Guguwar Bonita

**Guguwar Tropical Cyclone Bonita** a watan Janairun 1996 ta buge Madagascar da Mozambique, ta haifar da mummunar lalacewa. Guguwar da ta daɗe ta fara tasowa a cikin sa'o'i na ƙarshe na 1995, kuma a hankali ta karfafa a kan ruwa mai buɗewa na Kudu maso Yammacin Tekun Indiya. Binciken gabaɗaya zuwa yamma- kudu maso yamma, tashin hankali ya sami sunansa daga Météo-France a ranar 5 ga Janairu. Daga ƙarshe ya zama guguwa mai tsanani, Bonita ya wuce Mauritius da Réunion zuwa arewa kafin ya buge arewa maso gabashin Madagascar a ƙarshen 10 ga Janairu. A can, guguwar ta shafi mutane 150,000, ta mamaye yankunan amfanin gona, kuma ta kashe mutane 25. Bayan haka, taimakon bala'i ya zo ne daga gwamnatin Madagascar da kuma kasashen duniya, da kuma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (NGOs); Ma'aikatar Harkokin Jama'a ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta taimaka wajen rarraba kimanin $ 450,000 a cikin gudummawar kuɗi.

Bonita ya fito cikin Tashar Mozambique a matsayin guguwa mai raguwa sosai, kodayake da sauri ya sake dawo da wasu daga cikin ƙarfin da ya gabata. Kwanaki uku bayan saukowa ta farko, guguwar ta koma bakin teku a Lardin Zambezia na Mozambique. A ko'ina cikin sassan arewacin kasar, Bonita ya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa mai yawa wanda ya lalata ko ya lalata daruruwan gine-gine kuma an ruwaito cewa ya kashe mutane 17. Koguna masu kumbura sun mamaye hanyoyi da gadoji, suna ware wasu wurare. Wani abu mai ban sha'awa, Bonita ya ci gaba da shiga cikin ƙasa na kwanaki da yawa, yana ci gaba a matsayin ƙasa mai zafi; tsarin ya ratsa kudancin Afirka kuma daga ƙarshe ya shiga Tekun Atlantika ta Kudu. A cikin tsari, ya sauka ruwan sama mai yawa a Zimbabwe da Zambia. Wata takarda da Ma'aikatar Kula da Yanayi ta Zambia ta buga ta tabbatar da cewa Bonita ita ce guguwa ta farko da aka tabbatar da cewa ta bi diddigin a fadin nahiyar Afirka daga Kudu maso Yammacin Tekun Indiya zuwa Kudancin Tekun Atlantika.

## Tarihin yanayi
Cyclone Bonita ya samo asali ne daga wani yanki mai rauni na yanayin damuwa wanda aka lura da kimanin kilomita  (370  zuwa gabashin Diego Garcia, a cikin Chagos Archipelago, a ranar 31 ga Disamba 1995. An yi alama da tsarin ta hanyar rarrabawar ƙasa da siffofi masu laushi,  kuma Cibiyar Gargadi ta Hadari (JTWC) nan da nan ta fara sa ido.  Tsarin iska mai ƙiyayya ya hana ci gaba da tsari a cikin kwanaki masu zuwa yayin da tashin hankali ya juya gaba ɗaya zuwa kudu maso yamma. A ranar 3 ga watan Janairu, cibiyar matsin lamba ta nuna alamun farko na karfafawa,  wanda ya sa Météo-France ta ayyana shi rikici na wurare masu zafi, mafi ƙasƙanci daga cikin nau'ikan tsananin ƙarfi guda bakwai da hukumar ta yi amfani da su.  Yanayin da ke kewaye da shi ya zama mafi kyau ga Cyclogenesis na wurare masu zafi, tare da karuwar bambancin matakin sama, kuma saboda haka, tsarin ya kara girma;  an inganta shi zuwa bakin ciki a farkon ranar 5 ga Janairu, kuma zuwa matsakaiciyar guguwa ta wurare masu zafi 12 bayan haka.  A wannan lokacin, Météo-France Réunion (MFR) ta kira shi Bonita. JTWC ta inganta 06S (sunan ciki na Bonita) zuwa guguwa mai zafi daidai da farkon rana.

## Tasirin da sakamakonsa

### Madagascar
Wani tas rikodin a Toamasina ya rubuta   in) na ruwan sama  awanni 24, tare da iskõki masu ƙarfi na  km / h (93 . An lura da iska mai ƙarfi a tsibirin Île Sainte-Marie, inda gusts ya wuce  km / h (140  a ranar 10 ga Janairu. Ambaliyar ruwa mai laushi ta shiga cikin ƙasa, ta mamaye hekta  (acre 4,400) na amfanin shinkafa a wani yanki kawai kusa da Antananarivo. Lalacewar ta fi tsanani a arewa maso gabashin gabar tekun Madagascar, musamman a kusa da Mahavelona, Fenoarivo Atsinanana, da Mahambo.   inda duka ababen more rayuwa da amfanin gona suka sha wahala sosai. A cikin rahoton guguwa na yanayi, Météo-France ya tabbatar da cewa an kashe mutane 25 a cikin ƙasar, ko kuma ba a lissafa su ba kuma ana zaton sun mutu. Gabaɗaya, guguwar ta shafi mutane 150,000,  daga cikinsu 5,000 sun bar ba tare da gida ba. Koyaya, ɗaukar bala'in ya kasance kaɗan.

Bayan guguwar, an fara shirin agaji na bala'i da gwamnati ta amince da shi don rage rikicin jin kai a cikin yankuna uku da suka fi fama da cutar. Shirin ya kasance don rarraba abinci na gaggawa ga mutane 40,000 da abin ya shafa, tare da kayan aiki na musamman da aka nufa don isa ga yara 1,500 marasa abinci mai gina jiki. An kafa cibiyar farfado da rashin abinci mai gina jiki a Mahavelona a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin, wanda ya kai kimanin dala miliyan 1.2 (1996 USD) gabaɗaya, kuma Ma'aikatar Harkokin Jama'a ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (DHA) ta ba da kuɗin. A ƙarshen Fabrairu, Gwamnatin Madagascar ta nemi taimakon kasa da kasa; a ranar 6 ga Maris, Faransa da Jamus sun ba da gudummawar jimillar $ 100,000 a cikin kudaden taimako, da kuma kayan gaggawa da suka kai kusan $ 80,000. Gabaɗaya, DHA ta ɗauki kusan $ 450,000 a cikin gudummawar ƙasashen waje, galibi daga Turai. Jakadan Amurka a Madagascar, Vicki J. Huddleston, ya ba da izinin rarraba $ 25,000 don rarraba tarps, yayin da Hukumar Kula da Ci Gaban Duniya ta Amurka ta aika $ 17,000 don magani.

Nan da nan bayan harin guguwar, damuwa ta taso tsakanin hukumomin agaji da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu cewa guguwar ta yi da wuri a lokacin ko kuma ba ta da isasshen lalacewa don keɓe wani ɓangare na kudaden bala'i. Sakamakon haka, rashin jituwa tsakanin masu ba da gudummawa game da girman martani na gaggawa ya haifar da jinkirin shiga tsakani. Binciken bayan guguwa game da martani ga Bonita ya nuna bukatar kara daidaituwa tsakanin hukumomi.

## Manazarta