Misali na karɓar fasaha

Misali na karɓar fasaha (**TAM**) ka'idar tsarin bayanai ce wacce ke tsara yadda masu amfani ke karɓa da amfani da fasaha.

*Amfani da ainihin tsarin* shine ƙarshen inda mutane ke amfani da fasaha. *Manufar halayyar* wani abu ne wanda ke haifar da mutane suyi amfani da fasahar. Manufar halayyar (BI) tana rinjayar *Halin* (A) wanda shine ra'ayi na fasaha.

Misali ya nuna cewa lokacin da aka gabatar da masu amfani da sabuwar fasaha, dalilai da yawa suna tasiri ga shawarar su game da yadda da lokacin da za su yi amfani da shi, musamman:

* *Amfani da aka fahimta* (PU) - Fred Davis ya bayyana wannan a matsayin "matakin da mutum ya yi imanin cewa yin amfani da wani tsarin zai inganta aikin su". Yana nufin ko wani ya fahimci cewa fasaha tana da amfani ga abin da suke so su yi.
* Fahimtar sauƙin amfani (PEOU) - Davis ya bayyana wannan a matsayin "matakin da mutum ya yi imani cewa amfani da wani tsarin zai kasance ba tare da ƙoƙari ba". Idan fasahar tana da sauƙin amfani, to an ci shingen. Idan ba abu ne mai sauƙin amfani ba kuma dubawa yana da rikitarwa, babu wanda ke da halin kirki game da shi.

*Canje-canje na waje* kamar tasirin zamantakewa muhimmiyar mahimmanci ce don ƙayyade halin. Lokacin da waɗannan abubuwa (TAM) suka kasance, mutane za su sami halin da niyyar amfani da fasaha. Koyaya, fahimta na iya canzawa dangane da shekaru da jinsi saboda kowa ya bambanta.

An ci gaba da nazarin TAM kuma an fadada shi - manyan haɓakawa guda biyu sune TAM 2   da ka'idar karɓa da amfani da fasaha (ko UTAUT).  An kuma gabatar da TAM 3 a cikin mahallin e-commerce tare da hada tasirin amincewa da haɗari a kan amfani da tsarin.

TAM yana daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka fi tasiri na ka'idar Ajzen da Fishbein na aiki mai ma'ana (TRA) a cikin wallafe-wallafen. Tsarin karɓar fasahar Davis (Davis, 1989; Davis, Bagozzi, & Warshaw, 1989) shine mafi yawan *amfani* da tsarin karɓar masu amfani da amfani da fasaha (Venkatesh, 2000). Fred Davis da Richard Bagozzi ne suka kirkireshi.   TAM ya maye gurbin yawancin matakan halin TRA tare da matakan karɓar fasaha guda biyu - *sauƙin amfani*, da amfani. TRA da TAM, dukansu suna da abubuwa masu karfi na halayyar, suna zaton cewa lokacin da wani ya yi niyyar yin aiki, za su sami 'yanci suyi aiki ba tare da iyaka ba. A cikin duniyar gaskiya za a sami ƙuntatawa da yawa, kamar iyakantaccen 'yanci don yin aiki.

Bagozzi, Davis da Warshaw sun ce:

Bincike na farko game da yaduwar sababbin abubuwa ya kuma ba da shawarar muhimmiyar rawa don sauƙin amfani. Tornatzky da Klein  sun bincika tallafin, sun gano cewa jituwa, fa'idar dangi, da rikitarwa suna da dangantaka mafi mahimmanci tare da tallafi a duk faɗin nau'ikan sababbin abubuwa. Eason ya yi nazarin amfani da aka fahimta dangane da dacewa tsakanin tsarin, ayyuka da bayanan aiki, ta amfani da kalmomin "task fit" don bayyana ma'auni. Legris, Ingham da Collerette sun ba da shawarar cewa dole ne a tsawaita TAM don haɗawa da masu canji waɗanda ke lissafin hanyoyin canji kuma ana iya cimma wannan ta hanyar karɓar samfurin kirkire-kirkire a cikin TAM.

## Amfani da shi
Masu bincike da yawa sun sake maimaita binciken asali na Davis [1] don samar da shaidar shaida game da alaƙar da ke tsakanin amfani, sauƙin amfani da amfani da tsarin. [11] An mai da hankali sosai kan gwada ƙarfin da ingancin kayan aikin tambayoyin da Davis ya yi amfani da su. Adams da sauransu.[1] ya sake aikin Davis [1] don nuna inganci da amincin kayan aikinsa da ma'aunin ma'auni. Sun kuma mika shi zuwa saituna daban-daban kuma, ta amfani da samfurori daban-daban guda biyu, sun nuna daidaito na ciki da amincin ma'auni biyu. Hendrickson et al. sun sami babban amintacce da amintaccen gwajin gwaji.[1] Szajna ya gano cewa kayan aikin yana da ingancin tsinkaya don niyyar amfani, amfani da kai da kuma halin da ake ciki game da amfani.[1] Adadin wannan binciken ya tabbatar da ingancin kayan aikin Davis, da kuma tallafawa amfani da shi tare da yawan masu amfani daban-daban da zaɓin software daban-daban.

Segars da Grover  sun sake bincika Adams et al.'s ) sake maimaita aikin Davis. Sun kasance masu sukar tsarin auna da aka yi amfani da shi, kuma sun nuna samfurin daban-daban bisa ga gine-gine uku: amfani, tasiri, da sauƙin amfani. Wadannan binciken ba su da alama an sake su. Koyaya, wasu fannoni na waɗannan binciken an gwada su kuma Workman ya goyi bayan su  ta hanyar raba canji mai dogara cikin amfani da bayanai da amfani da fasaha.

Mark Keil da abokan aikinsa sun haɓaka (ko, watakila sun fi shahara) samfurin Davis a cikin abin da suke kira Usefulness / EOU Grid, wanda shine grid 2×2 inda kowane yanki ke wakiltar haɗuwa daban-daban na halayen biyu. A cikin mahallin amfani da software, wannan yana ba da hanyar tattaunawa game da haɗakar amfani da amfani da EOU na yanzu don wasu kunshe-kunshe na software, da kuma shirya hanya daban idan ana so a haɗa daban, kamar gabatar da software mai ƙarfi. An yi amfani da samfurin TAM a mafi yawan yanayin fasaha da na ƙasa. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan mahallin shine kiwon lafiya, wanda ke girma cikin sauri 

Saravanos da sauransu. ya ba da samfurin TAM don haɗa motsin rai da tasirin da zai iya taka leda a kan niyyar halayyar karɓar fasaha. Musamman, sun kalli haske mai zafi.

Venkatesh da Davis sun ba da samfurin TAM na asali don bayyana amfani da aka fahimta da niyyar amfani dangane da tasirin zamantakewa (ka'idojin tunani, son rai, hoto) da kuma hanyoyin kayan aiki na fahimta (haɗin aiki, ingancin fitarwa, nunawa sakamakon, fahimtar sauƙin amfani). An gwada samfurin da aka faɗaɗa, wanda ake kira TAM2, a cikin saitunan son rai da na tilas. Sakamakon ya goyi bayan TAM2 sosai.

* Ka'idar ra'ayi - Ra'ayin mutum wanda wasu mutane da ke da muhimmanci a gare shi / ita / su la'akari da shi idan zai iya yin wani hali. Wannan ya dace da ka'idar aiki mai ma'ana (TRA).
* Voluntariness - Venkatesh & Davis sun bayyana wannan a matsayin "wanda ya fi dacewa da wanda masu karɓar su fahimci shawarar tallafi ba tilas ba ne".
* *Hoton* - Moore & Benbasat sun bayyana wannan a matsayin "matakin da ake amfani da sabon abu don inganta matsayin mutum a cikin tsarin zamantakewa". 
* *Muhimmancin aiki* - Venkatesh & Davis sun bayyana wannan a matsayin hangen nesa na mutum game da yadda tsarin da aka yi niyya ya dace da aikin.
* *Ingancin fitarwa* - Venkatesh & Davis sun bayyana wannan a matsayin fahimtar mutum game da ikon tsarin yin takamaiman ayyuka.
* Bayyanawa na sakamako - Samar da sakamakon da za a iya gani zai shafi amfani da tsarin kai tsaye.

A cikin ƙoƙari na haɗa manyan samfuran karɓar mai amfani masu gasa, Venkatesh et al. sun tsara ka'idar karɓa da amfani da fasaha (UTAUT). An gano wannan samfurin ya fi kowane samfurin (R square na 69 cikin dari).  UTAUT an karbe ta wasu binciken da aka yi kwanan nan a fannin kiwon lafiya.

Bugu da kari, marubutan Jun et al. suma suna tunanin cewa tsarin karɓar fasaha yana da mahimmanci don nazarin abubuwan da ke shafar halayyar abokan ciniki game da sabis na isar da abinci ta kan layi. Har ila yau, tsarin da aka karɓa ne don nuna yarda da sabbin fannonin fasaha. Tushen TAM jerin ra'ayoyi ne waɗanda ke bayyanawa da hasashen halayen mutane tare da imanin su, halayen, da niyyar halayensu. A cikin TAM, fahimtar sauƙin amfani da fahimtar amfani, la'akari da imani na gaba ɗaya, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa fiye da imani na musamman a cikin halayen amfani da takamaiman fasaha.

## Sauran samfuran
 

## Manazarta