Ganye

**Ganye** wani bangare ne na Shuka, kuma galibin ganye suna bajewa kuma suna da filaye daban-daban na sama (adaxial) da na kasa (abaxial) wadanda suka bambanta da launi, gashi, adadin stomata (pores da ke ci da fitar da iskar gas), adadin da tsarin kakin epicuticular, da sauran siffofi. Ganye galibi launin kore ne saboda kasancewar wani fili mai suna chlorophyll wanda ke da mahimmanci ga photosynthesis yayin da yake ɗaukar makamashin haske daga Rana. Ganye mai launin haske ko fari ko gefuna ana kiransa ganye mai banƙyama.

Ganye ya kasance babban abin da ke tattare da tushe na tsiron jijiyoyin shuka,  yawanci ana ɗaukar sa a sama da ƙasa kuma yana da amfani a gurin photosynthesis. Ganyayyaki ana kiransu gaba ɗaya foliage, kamar yadda yake a cikin "kayan foliage na kaka",  yayin da ganye, kara, fure, da 'ya'yan itace suka zama tsarin harbi.[4] A mafi yawan ganye, na farko photosynthetic nama shine palisade mesophyll kuma yana a gefen sama na ruwa ko lamina na leaf, amma a cikin wasu nau'in, ciki har da balagagge ganye na Eucalyptus, [5] palisade mesophyll yana samuwa a bangarorin biyu kuma an ce ganyen suna da ban sha'awa.

Ganyayyaki na iya samun siffofi daban-daban, girma, laushi da launuka. Ganyayyaki masu faɗi, lebur tare da hadaddun tsiron furanni ana kiran su megaphylls da nau'in da ke ɗauke da su (mafi rinjaye) azaman tsire-tsire masu ganye ko megaphyllous, waɗanda kuma sun haɗa da acrogymnosperms da ferns. A cikin lycopods, tare da asalin juyin halitta daban-daban, ganye suna da sauƙi (tare da jijiya ɗaya kawai) kuma ana kiran su da microphylls. Wasu ganye, kamar ma'aunin kwan fitila, ba sa sama da ƙasa. A yawancin nau'ikan ruwa, ganyen suna nutsewa cikin ruwa. Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire sau da yawa suna da kauri mai kauri, amma wasu ganye ba su da babban aikin photoynthetic kuma suna iya mutuwa a lokacin balaga, kamar a wasu cataphylls da spines. Bugu da ƙari, nau'ikan nau'ikan sifofi masu kama da ganye da aka samu a cikin tsire-tsire na jijiyoyin jini ba su yi kama da juna ba. Misalai sun haɗa da mai tushe mai tushe da ake kira phylloclades da cladodes, da ɗanɗanon ganye mai tushe da ake kira phyllodes waɗanda suka bambanta da ganye duka a tsarinsu da asalinsu.[3][7]. Wasu tsarin tsire-tsire marasa jijiyoyin jini suna kama da aiki kamar ganye. Misalai sun haɗa da phyllids na mosses da liverworts.

## Halayen gabaɗaya
Ganye sune mafi mahimmancin gabobin mafi yawan tsire-tsire na jijiyoyin jini.[8] Tsire-tsire na kore suna da autotrophic, ma'ana ba sa samun abinci daga wasu abubuwa masu rai amma a maimakon haka suna ƙirƙirar nasu abincin ta hanyar photosynthesis. Suna kama makamashi a cikin hasken rana kuma suna amfani da shi don yin sukari mai sauƙi, kamar glucose da sucrose, daga carbon dioxide (CO2) da ruwa. Sannan ana adana sukarin azaman sitaci, ana ƙara sarrafa su ta hanyar haɗaɗɗun sinadarai zuwa ƙarin hadaddun kwayoyin halitta kamar sunadaran sunadarai ko cellulose, ainihin kayan gini a bangon tantanin halitta, ko haɓaka ta hanyar numfashi ta salon salula don samar da makamashin sinadarai don tafiyar da ayyukan salula. Ganyen suna jawo ruwa daga ƙasa a cikin rafi mai motsi ta hanyar tsarin tafiyar da jijiyoyin jini da aka sani da xylem kuma suna samun carbon dioxide daga sararin samaniya ta hanyar yaduwa ta hanyar buɗewa da ake kira stomata a cikin murfin waje na leaf (epidermis), yayin da ganyen ke daidaitawa don haɓaka hasken rana. Da zarar an haɗa sukari, ana buƙatar a kai shi zuwa wuraren girma mai aiki kamar harbe da tushen. Tsire-tsire na jijiyoyin jini suna jigilar sucrose a cikin nama na musamman da ake kira phloem. A phloem da xylem suna layi daya da juna, amma jigilar kayan yawanci yawanci a sabanin kwatance. A cikin ganyen waɗannan tsarin jijiyoyi (ramify) don samar da jijiyoyi waɗanda ke ba da mafi yawan ganyen sosai, suna tabbatar da cewa ƙwayoyin da ke ɗauke da photosynthesis suna kusa da tsarin sufuri.[9]