Elizabeth Chambers Morgan

**Elizabeth Chambers Morgan** (16 ga Yuni, 1850 - 11 ga Fabrairu, 1944) ta kasance mai tsara ayyukan kwadago ta Amurka, mai kawo sauyi a zamantakewa, kuma mai fafutukar gurguzu da ke zaune a Chicago, Illinois . Ta yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka daga Ingila tare da mijinta Thomas J. Morgan a 1869. An san ta da fallasa yanayin shan giya a Chicago. Daga 1888 zuwa 1895 ita ce mace mafi jagoranci a cikin ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta Chicago.  

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Morgan ga Thomas da Sarah Chambers a ranar 16 ga Yuni, 1850, a Birmingham, Ingila. Iyayenta ma'aikatan masana'antu ne. Tana da 'yan'uwa tara kuma ba ta sami cikakken ilimi ba. Tana da shekaru goma sha ɗaya ta fara aiki a masana'antar niƙa. Tana aiki awanni goma zuwa goma sha shida a rana. A watan Janairun 1868 ta auri Thomas J. Morgan, wani mai gyaran injina . A shekara ta 1869 ma'auratan suka yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka don neman ƙarin damammaki. Sun zauna a Chicago inda Thomas ya sami aiki a matsayin mai gyaran tagulla da injina, kuma ta kula da 'ya'yansu, Thomas S. da Annie.

A lokacin Tsoron 1873, Thomas Morgan ya rasa aiki na tsawon makonni goma sha biyar.  Iyalin sun fuskanci talauci da yunwa. Wannan ya ƙarfafa Morgans su zama masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin ma'aikata da kuma masu ra'ayin gurguzu. Ma'auratan suna da dangantaka mai kyau wadda ta sauƙaƙa wa Elizabeth Morgan zama shugabar ma'aikata a ƙarƙashin ikonta. 

## Tsarin aikin ma'aikata
Morgan ta kasance memba mai rijista a cikin Sarakunan Masana'antu tun lokacin da aka kafa ta a 1874. Ta zama memba na Knights of Labour a 1881 kuma babban ma'aikacin babi na gida 1789. Ita ce wakiliyar gida ta 1789 a Majalisar Kasuwanci da Aiki ta Chicago, wata ƙungiyar ƙwadago. A cewar Ralph Scharnau, daga 1888 zuwa 1895 Morgan ita ce babbar mace a cikin ƙungiyar ƙwadago ta Chicago. A watan Yunin 1888 ta jagoranci ƙoƙarin kafa Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Tarayya ta Mata mai lamba 2703. Ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatariyar ƙungiyar kuma ita ce wakiliyarta a Majalisar Kasuwanci da Aiki ta Chicago. A cikin shekaru huɗu Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Tarayya ta Mata ta fara sabbin ƙungiyoyin sana'o'i ashirin da uku ga mata, duk waɗanda Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Amurka (AFL) ta yi hayar su.

A shekarar 1894, ita ce kaɗai mace da ta wakilci taron AFL kuma ta wakilci ƙungiyar mata ta tarayya mai lamba 2703. A taron, an zaɓe ta a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar ƙasa ta farko, mace ta farko da ta tsaya takarar babban mukami a AFL. Duk da cewa Morgan ta sha kaye da ƙuri'u 226 zuwa 1865, goyon bayan da ta samu ya nuna cewa 'yan ƙungiyar AFL suna girmama ta sosai. 

## Ƙungiyar Mata ta Illinois
A shekarar 1888, jaridar *Chicago Times* ta buga labarai da dama kan "mummunan yanayi" na shagunan sayar da kayayyaki da masana'antu a kewayen birnin. Morgan ta yi amfani da labaran don tattarawa da haɗa kan mata 'yan gurguzu, ma'aikatan gidajen zama, da masu fafutukar neman 'yan kwadago. Daga baya, ƙungiyar ta kafa ƙungiyar Illinois Woman's Alliance . Manufar ƙungiyar ita ce "hana lalacewar ɗabi'a, tunani, da ta jiki ga mata da yara ... da ake aiki a matsayin ma'aikatan albashi." Ƙungiyar ta yi aiki tare da sauran ƙungiyoyin mata kuma ta haɓaka haɗin gwiwa tsakanin aji. Aikin Morgan ya sa ta haɗu da Florence Kelley da Mary Kenney O'Sullivan, da kuma ƙungiyar Cook County Suffrage Association. 

## Manazarta