'Yancin Dan Adam a Honduras

Muhimman batutuwan da suka shafi haƙƙin ɗan adam a Honduras har zuwa ƙarshen 2013 sun haɗa da kisan gillar da ba bisa ka'ida ba da 'yan sanda da sauransu suka yi, cin hanci da rashawa da raunin ma'aikata na tsarin adalci, da kuma mummunan kuma a wasu lokuta yanayin kurkuku mai barazana ga rayuwa.

Sauran matsalolin kare hakkin dan adam sun hada da tashin hankali ga wadanda aka tsare; tsare-tsare na dogon lokaci kafin a yi shari'a da rashin samar da tsarin doka; cin zarafi 'yan jarida; cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnati; tashin hankali da cin zarafin mata; karuwanci da cin zarafi ga yara; cin zarafi a kan ƙasashen 'yan asalin ƙasar da nuna bambanci ga' yan asalin ƙasar da kuma cin zarafin mutanen LGBT; rashin ingancin aiwatar da dokokin aiki; da aikin yara. Kungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka sun kasance manyan masu aikata laphikun tashin hankali a kasar kuma sun aikata kisan kai, cin hanci, satar mutane, azabtarwa, fataucin mutane, da tsoratar da 'yan jarida da masu kare hakkin dan adam.

The government has taken steps to prosecute and punish officials who commit abuses . However, corruption and impunity remain serious problems that impede the effectiveness of the National Police.

## Kafin karni na ashirin

## Kafin shekara ta 1979
A cikin karni na ashirin, Honduras ba ta da gwamnatocin farar hula. Shugabannin sojoji akai-akai sun zama shugabanni, ko dai ta hanyar zabe ko ta hanyar juyin mulki. An zabi Janar Tiburcio Carías Andino a shekara ta 1932, daga baya ya kira taron majalisa wanda ya ba shi damar sake zabarsa, kuma mulkinsa ya zama mai iko har zuwa zaben a shekara ta 1948. A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, juyin mulki ya faru a watan Oktoba na 1955 ta ƙungiyar jami'an soja, a watan Oktoba 1963 (juyin mulki na Honduras na 1963) da kuma Disamba 1972 ta Janar Oswaldo López Arellano, a 1975 ta Juan Alberto Melgar Castro (juyin mulkin Honduras na 1975) kuma a 1978 ta Policarpo Paz García.

## Shekarun 1980
Bayan dawowar gwamnatin farar hula tare da sabon kundin tsarin mulki a 1982, rundunar soji ta Intelligence Battalion 3-16 ta gudanar da wani shiri na kisan gillar siyasa da azabtarwa da wadanda ake zargi da adawar siyasa na gwamnati. Membobin battalion sun sami horo da tallafi daga Hukumar leken asiri ta Amurka a Honduras da kuma sansanonin soja na Amurka  da kuma Chile a lokacin shugabancin mai mulkin kama karya Augusto Pinochet .  Amnesty International ta kiyasta cewa akalla mutane 184 "sun ɓace" daga 1980 zuwa 1992 a Honduras, mai yiwuwa sojojin Honduras ne. Akalla mambobi 19 na Battalion 3-16 sun kammala karatu a Makarantar Amurka a Fort Benning a Amurka. 

A shekara ta 1982, don mayar da martani ga waɗannan take hakkin dan adam, iyalai 12 na 'yan Honduras da suka ɓace, ciki har da Bertha Oliva de Nativí, wanda mijinta Farfesa Tomás Nativí ya ɓace a 1981, ya kirkiro Kwamitin kare hakkin dan adam na Dangi na Wadanda suka ɓace a Honduras (Comité de Familiares de Detenidos Desaparecidos en Honduras, COFADEH). 

Sauran kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kare hakkin dan adam, ciki har da Cibiyar Bincike da Tsaron 'Yancin Dan Adam a Honduras (CIPRODEH) don yankin yammacin Honduras, Kwamitin Tsaron' Yancin Dan Adam na Honduras (CODEH), da Civic Council of Grassroots and Indigenous Organizations of Honduras (COPINH), an kuma kirkiresu.

## Shugabancin Zelaya (a shekarar 2006 zuwa shekara ta 2009)
Tsoffin mambobi bakwai na Battalion 3-16 (Billy Joya, Alvaro Romero, Erick Sánchez, Onofre Oyuela Oyuela, Napoleon Nassar Herrera, Vicente Rafael Canales Nuñez, Salomón Escoto Salinas da René Maradianga Panchamé) sun rike manyan mukamai a cikin gwamnatin Shugaba Manuel Zelaya a tsakiyar shekara ta 2006, a cewar kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam CODEH .  Napoleón Nassar ya kasance babban Kwamishinan 'yan sanda na yankin arewa maso yamma a karkashin Zelaya . 

## Roberto Micheletti shugabancin da ya faru

### Tarihi
Bayan juyin mulkin da aka yi a shekarar 2009, inda aka tsare Zelaya kuma aka tura shi gudun hijira daga rundunonin sojan Honduras, Shugaba Roberto Micheletti ya nada tsohon memba na Battalion 3-16 Billy Joya a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan tsaro,  tsohon memba na battalion 3-16, kuma tsohon memba na bataliya 3-16 Napoleon Nassar Herrera, wanda ya riga ya zama babban kwamishinan 'yan sanda, ya kuma ya zama kakakin "don tattaunawa" ga Sakataren tsaro. Zelaya ya yi iƙirarin cewa Billy Joya ya sake farfado da tawagar kisa.

Dokar ta baci ta fara aiki a mafi yawan watan Yuli kuma ta ci gaba har zuwa watan Agusta. Wannan dakatarwar 'yancin ɗan adam ciki har da 'yancin wucewa da tsari mai kyau, da kuma ba da izinin bincike da kamawa ba tare da izini ba.[1] An gabatar da dokar hana fita, ba tare da an buga ta a La Gazeta ba, ko kuma Majalisa ta amince da shi.[2] Ana sanar da lokutan hana fita a gidajen rediyo, sun bambanta a kullum da kuma tsakanin yankunan Honduras. Amnesty International ta bayyana aiwatar da dokar ta-baci a matsayin "sakamako".[2]

Jakadun Cuba, Venezuela, da Nicaragua sun ce a ranar 29 ga watan sojojin Honduras sun tsare su kuma sun yi musu duka kafin a sake su. Sojoji sun kama jami'an gwamnati da yawa. Tsoffin ministoci goma sha biyu daga gwamnatin Zelaya sun ɓoye, wasu a ofisoshin jakadancin kasashen waje, suna tsoron kamawa. Kafofin yada labarai na cikin gida sun ba da rahoton cewa an tsare akalla ministoci takwas ban da Patricia Rodas.

A cikin 'yan makonni na farko na lokacin Micheletti, an kama daruruwan siyasa. COFADEH ta ba da rahoton cewa an tsare mutane 609, daga cikinsu akalla kananan yara 61, saboda "abin kunya na siyasa" (sa hannu a zanga-zangar siyasa), kuma an tsare 158 saboda keta dokar hana fita, tsakanin 28 ga Yuni da 12 ga Yuli.  Amnesty International (AI) ta bayyana cewa a lokacin Micheletti, "yan sanda da sojoji suna amfani da karfi sosai don murkushe zanga-zangar da ta dace da zaman lafiya a duk faɗin ƙasar".[was] AI ta kuma ce "wasu mata da 'yan mata da ke shiga cikin zanga-zangar an ruwaito su suna fama da tashin hankali na jinsi da cin zarafin jami'an 'yan sanda" kuma a lokaci guda " zanga-zambe suna ƙaruwa da yaduwa a duk faɗin ƙasar, hanyoyin tashin hankali na murkushe rashin amincewa suna ƙaruwa kuma' yan ƙasar Honduras suna ƙara fuskantar keta hakkinsu na asali".

A ranar 31 ga watan Yulin, Zelaya ya yi iƙirarin cewa Battalion 3-16 ya sake aiki, tare da sunan daban, kuma Billy Joya ne ke jagoranta. Zelaya ya bayyana (fassara), "Tare da sunan daban, [Battalion 3-16] ya riga ya yi aiki. Laifukan da ake aikata azabtarwa ne don haifar da tsoro tsakanin jama'a, kuma Mista Joya ne ke jagoranta".

### Rashin da aka tilasta
A ranar 5 ga watan Yulin, a San Juan Pueblo, Atlántida, mutane hudu da ke sanye da rigunan 'yan sanda sun ɓace Anastasio Barrera, mai shekaru 55, na Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Karkara ta Kasa.

A ranar 12 ga watan Yulin, a San Pedro Sula, Manuel Sevilla, mai shekaru 19, ya ɓace bayan ya dawo daga zanga-zangar.

Samuel David Flores Murillo, mai shekaru 24 ya ɓace a ranar 26 ga Yuli 2009. Mahaifiyarsa, Margarita Murillo, an tsare ta kuma an azabtar da ita na kwanaki 22 a cikin shekarun 1980. 

### Kashe-kashen da ba a hukunta su ba
Mutuwar Vicky Hernández Castillo (an haife shi *Sonny Emelson Hernández*), memba na al'ummar LGBT wanda aka kashe shi da harsashi a idon a lokacin dokar hana fita ta dare na 29 zuwa 30 Yuni kuma ya nuna alamun maƙurewa,   an danganta shi da juyin mulkin da COFADEH ya yi.

A ranar 3 ga watan Yulin a Tegucigalpa, an gano Alexis Fernando Amador, mai shekaru 25, ya mutu a cikin ganga mai launin shudi tare da raunuka masu mutuwa a kansa, yana sanye da T-shirt da ke nufin "cuarta urna" (akwatin zabe na huɗu) wanda watakila an zabe shi a cikin zaben da ya shafi shirya taron majalisa a Honduras. Iyayensa sun ce ya ɓace washegari, kuma sun nace cewa rigar da aka same shi ba nasa ba ce, kuma ya tafi aiki a cikin jan rigar. COFADEH ya danganta mutuwarsa ga juyin mulkin.

Har ila yau, a ranar 3 ga Yuli, ɗan jarida Gabriel Fino Noriega wanda ya bayyana ra'ayoyin da ke goyon bayan aikin don gudanar da taron majalisa a Honduras da kuma adawa da juyin mulki,  an kashe shi da harsashi 7 lokacin da ya bar wurin aikinsa. COFADEH ya danganta kisan gillar da ya yi ga juyin mulkin,  yayin da wata manufa ta kare hakkin dan adam ta kasa da kasa ta yi la'akari da ra'ayoyin siyasa na Noriega don bayar da layin bincike don fahimtar mutuwar, amma rashin isasshen tabbacin cewa dalilin kisan siyasa ne.

A ranar 5 ga watan Yuli, lokacin da sojoji suka hana jirgin sama dauke da Zelaya sauka a filin jirgin saman Toncontin, Isis Obed Murillo Mencias, dan mai fafutukar jin dadin jama'a da muhalli, mai shekaru 19, Jose David Murillo Sanchez, mai shekaru 57, an harbe shi a bayan kai, yayin da yake shiga zanga-zangar da ta yi yunkurin rushe shinge. A cewar jaridar Miami Herald, sojoji ne suka harbe Isis Obed Murillo wadanda suka yi kokarin hana mutane wucewa ta shingen.[1][2] Daga baya dai wasu majiyoyi da ba a san ko su waye ba sun yi ikirarin harbin ba daga wurin sojojin ba ne, sai dai daga wajen zanga-zangar. A cewar wata majiya da ba a bayyana sunanta ba, yayin da sojojin ke dauke da makamai, bindigogi ne na M16, wadanda ba su yi daidai da ramin harsashin da aka samu a Murillo ba. An kai Isis Obed Murillo zuwa Asibitin Escuela kuma an kai gawarsa zuwa dakin binciken shari'a na Francisco Morazan. A ranar 9 ga Yuli da karfe 11:30 na safe, jami'an Direcion Nacional de Investigion Criminal (DNIC) sun tsare Jose David Murillo lokacin da ya bar ofisoshin COFADEH. Tun daga wannan lokacin ana tsare da shi a Cibiyar hukunta masu laifi ta Juticalpa a cikin keɓewar tantanin halitta tsawon mita uku da mita uku, ba tare da gado ba.[1] Hotunan jikin Isis Obed Murillo da ya zubar da jini sun yadu sosai kuma sun zama abin da ke da muhimmanci ga mutanen da ke adawa da juyin mulkin.[2][3][4].

Roger Iván Bados (wani lokacin ana rubuta *Báez* ), tsohon shugaban kungiyar kwadago, wanda ya zama memba na Jam'iyyar Democratic Unification Party da Popular Bloque (BP), an "yi masa barazanar mutuwa nan da nan bayan juyin mulkin" kuma an harbe shi a ranar 11 ga Yuli kusa da gidansa a San Pedro Sula.  A cewar Dokta Luther Castillo na kungiyar al'ummar Garifuna Luaga Hatuadi Waduheñu Foundation, kisan kai "za a iya danganta shi kai tsaye ga" gwamnatin Micheletti. Wani aikin kare hakkin dan adam na kasa da kasa ya kuma danganta mutuwar Bados "dangane da" juyin mulkin.

Mutuwar shugaban karkara mai shekaru 40 Ramón García, wanda shi ma memba ne na Jam'iyyar Democratic Unification Party, a ranar 12 ga Yuli, bayan da ba a san shi ba ya tilasta masa ya sauka daga bas,  Luther Castillo ya kuma danganta shi da gwamnatin Micheletti.

A ranar 24 ga watan Yuli, kusa da garin El Paraíso, rikici ya faru tsakanin daruruwan masu zanga-zangar adawa da juyin mulkin da jami'an tsaro. Mutane da yawa sun ga mai zanga-zangar Pedro Magdiel Muñoz Salvador, mai shekaru 23, 'yan sanda suka tsare shi  kuma suka kore shi zuwa ofishin' yan sanda a El Paraíso.  Kashegari da safe, an gano jikinsa a wani filin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba a karfe 6:30 na safe, tare da raunuka 42 daga wuka. Masu zanga-zangar da National Front Against the Coup d'État sun bayyana cewa kisan yana da duk halaye na ayyukan 1980 na Battalion 3-16, a matsayin hanyar "ta'addanci ga yawancin mutanen da ke shiga cikin gwagwarmayar da aka yi da mulkin juyin mulki".

A ranar 31 ga watan Yulin, a lokacin zanga-zangar zaman lafiya da ta toshe babbar hanya a ranar farko ta yajin aikin gwamnati na kasa da aka yi wa juyin mulkin, malamin makarantar sakandare Roger Abraham Vallejo Soriano, mai shekaru 38, jami'an tsaro sun harbe shi a kai. Ya mutu washegari.

Wani kisan gilla a yankin kusa da kan iyakar Nicaragua kusa da El Paraíso ya faru ne a ranar 2 ga Agusta lokacin da wani soja a shingen shingen sojoji ya harbe Pedro Pablo Hernández a kai.[1][2] COFADEH ya danganta kisan nasa da juyin mulkin.[1] Ofishin mai gabatar da kara ya bayyana wa IACHR a lokacin ziyarar ta 17-21 ga Agusta cewa ana binciken lamarin.[2]

A ranar 8 ga watan Agusta a Choloma,  Juan Gabriel Figueroa Tomé, mai shekaru 30, wanda ya kasance memba mai aiki na juriya ga juyin mulkin, maza masu dauke da makamai ne suka kama shi wadanda suka ce ba sa son babur dinsa, suna son shi.  An same shi ya mutu, an harbe shi a kai, washegari, 9 ga watan Agusta. COFADEH ya danganta kisan gillar da ya yi da juyin mulkin.

### Komawar Zelaya
Zelaya ya koma Honduras a ranar 21 ga Satumba 2009, kuma ya zauna a Ofishin Jakadancin Brazil, yayin da Micheletti ya kasance shugaban kasa na zahiri. Sojojin tsaro a karkashin alhakin shugaban kasar Micheletti sun aiwatar da keta haƙƙin ɗan adam, gami da "karin hare-haren 'yan sanda," daruruwan kama masu zanga-zangar siyasa da tsoratar da masu kare haƙƙin ɗan'uwa a duk faɗin Honduras. A ranar 22 ga watan Satumba, 'yan sanda 15 sun harbe bututun iskar hawaye a ginin kwamitin kare hakkin dan adam na dangi na wadanda suka bace a Honduras (COFADEH), a lokacin da kimanin mutane 100 ke cikin ofishin COFADEH. An tsare masu zanga-zangar da yawa a wuraren tsare-tsare marasa izini a Tegucigalpa a ranar 22 ga Satumba.

A ranar 16 ga Oktoba 2009, Human Rights Watch ta bayyana cewa "karamin sashin kare hakkin dan adam na Ofishin Babban Lauyan ya fara bincike kan shari'o'i da yawa na kisan kai, zargin amfani da karfi da jami'an tsaro suka yi, da kuma tsare-tsare ba bisa ka'ida ba" amma cewa shugabannin sashin a ofishin Babban Lauya da mambobin sojojin suna hana binciken.

Gwamnatin Micheletti ta ba da Dokar PCM-M-016-2009 wacce aka sanya hannu a hukumance a ranar 22 ga Satumba 2009  kuma ta soke a ranar 19 ga Oktoba 2009.  Dokar ta dakatar da haƙƙoƙin tsarin mulki guda biyar: 'yancin mutum (Mataki na 69), 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki (Mataki ya 72), 'yanci na motsi (Mataki nke 81), habeas corpus (Matakiyar 84) da' 'yancin tarayya. A ranar 28 ga watan Satumba, an yi amfani da dokar don rufe tashoshin talabijin na Channel 36 da Radio Globo, waɗanda suka kasance "masu sukar gwamnati ta zahiri" kuma sun cire kayan watsa shirye-shiryen tashoshin. Sojojin tsaro na gwamnati sun kai hari ga 'yan jarida na kasa da kasa da ke rufe harin a Rediyo Globo. A ranar 29 ga watan Satumba, Ofishin Mai ba da rahoto na musamman don 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki na Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Amurka (IAHCR) "ya nuna rashin amincewarsa da shi" ga dokar kuma ya nemi a dakatar da aiwatar da ita nan take, saboda "ya saba wa ka'idojin kasa da kasa don' yancin faɗakarwa".

Amnesty International ta nuna rashin amincewa ga gwamnatin Honduras game da keta dokar habeas a ranar 28 da 29 ga Nuwamba.  Ɗaya daga cikin mutanen da ake zargin sun ɓace shi ne Jensys Mario Umanzor Gutierrez, wanda aka gani na ƙarshe a tsare 'yan sanda da sassafe a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba. Amnesty International (AI) ta bayyana cewa babu kotuna, gami da Kotun Koli, da ke nan don karɓar takardar neman habeas corpus. AI kuma ta yi nuni da maza biyu da aka kama a karkashin zargin ta'addanci kuma aka yi musu duka, da kuma kananan yara 14 da aka tsare a karkashin dokar PCM-M-016-2009   saboda an tattara su a cikin kungiyoyi sama da mutane hudu, kuma daga baya aka sake su ba tare da tuhuma ba. AI ta kuma ce kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam a Honduras "sun sha wahala da hare-hare da ayyukan tsoratarwa".

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2009 an kashe shugaban ayyukan yaki da miyagun ƙwayoyi na Honduras, Janar Julian Aristides Gonzalez, a Tegucigalpa,  kamar yadda mai fafutukar adawa da juyin mulki da kuma jagorancin kare hakkin LGBT Walter Trochez.

## Porfirio Lobo Sosa
Porfirio Lobo Sosa ya lashe babban zaben Honduras na Nuwamba, 2009 kuma ya hau mulki a ranar 27 ga Janairun 2010. A karkashin shugabancinsa cin zarafin 'yancin dan adam ya ci gaba. A cewar Human Rights Watch, "akalla 'yan jarida takwas da mambobi goma na National Popular Resistance Front (FNRP) - ƙungiyar siyasa da ke adawa da juyin mulkin 2009 kuma ta ba da shawarar sake dawo da shugaban da aka kori, Manuel Zelaya - an kashe su tun lokacin da Shugaba Lobo ya hau mulki a ranar 27 ga Janairu, 2010. "

An kashe ɗan jarida David Meza a watan Maris na shekara ta 2010; ya bincika fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin Honduras, kuma an ruwaito cewa ya sami barazanar mutuwa a shekara ta 2010, a cewar jaridar El Tiempo .  Wani mai ba da rahoto, Nahúm Elí Palacios Arteaga, an kuma kashe shi a watan Maris na shekara ta 2010. An kashe Luis Arturo Mondragón a watan Yunin 2010.

Human Rights Watch ta ba da rahoton hare-hare kan 'yancin kai na masu gabatar da kara da jama'a. "Rashin korar alƙalai huɗu na ƙananan kotuna waɗanda suka kalubalanci halattaccen juyin mulkin 2009 ya lalata amincin shari'ar Honduras sosai. " Ɗaya daga cikin alƙalai da aka sallame ya "ya gaya wa Human Rights Watch cewa, tun lokacin da aka sallami shi, alƙalai masu yawa sun gaya masa cewa tsoron korar da gwamnati ta yi tasiri ga yanke shawara na shari'a. "Honduras Rights Watching ya nuna damuwa iri ɗaya ga mulkin".

## Dubi kuma

* Cinikin mutane a Honduras
* Tsarkakewar Intanet da sa ido a Honduras
* Jerin 'yan jarida da aka kashe a Honduras
* Hakkin LGBT a Honduras
* Rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi a Honduras
* Tashar yanar gizon Honduras 

## Manazarta
 

## Haɗin waje

* Shekara guda bayan juyin mulki, Honduras Repression ya ci gaba - rahoton bidiyo na *Dimokuradiyya Yanzu!*