Lilica Boal

**Maria da Luz Freire de Andrade** (1934 - Nuwamba 6, 2024), wacce aka fi sani da **Lilica Boal**, masaniya a fannin tarihi ce, ƴar falsafa, malama, kuma mai fafutukar yaƙi da fascist a Cape Verde. Ta yi gwagwarmaya don samun 'yancin kai na Guinea-Bissau da Cape Verde, da kuma adawa da mulkin kama-karya na Portuguese Estado Novo.

A matsayinta na mace ɗaya tilo da ke aiki a Majalisar Dokokin Ƙasar Cape Verde ta farko, ta zama ‘yar majalisa mace ta farko a ƙasar.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Boal a cikin shekarar 1934 a Tarrafal, Cape Verde, a tsibirin Santiago. Iyayenta sun kasance 'yan kasuwa masu wadata: Dona Eulália Andrade, wanda aka fi sani da Nha Beba, da José Freire Andrade, wanda aka fi sani da Nho Papacho.   

Ta zauna a Tarrafal har sai da ta kai shekaru 11, lokacin da ta tafi tsibirin São Vicente don yin karatu a Liceu Gil Eanes, yanzu Liceu Ludgero Lima. Daga baya ta koma Portugal, inda ta kammala karatun sakandare a Braga. Ta halarci Jami'ar Coimbra, inda ta karanta tarihi da falsafa.

Bayan shekaru biyu a Coimbra, ta koma Lisbon, inda ta shiga cikin tsarin tarihi da falsafa a Jami'ar Lisbon. A can, ta fara yawan Casa dos Estudantes do Império, wurin taro na ɗalibai daga yankunan Afirka na Portugal. Daga nan ne ta fara bayyana kanta a cikin yunkurin kwato 'yanci. Ɗaliban sun tattauna batutuwan da ke faruwa a ƙasashen su daban-daban da irin rawar da za su taka wajen fafutukar kwato 'yanci.  

## Aikin siyasa

### "Fita zuwa yaƙi"
A cikin watan Yunin 1961, Boal ta koma Afirka tare da sauran ɗaliban Afirka a cikin "flight to the fight," kamar yadda suka kira shi, da burin gwagwarmayar neman 'yancin kai ga ƙasashen su. Tafiyarsu ta ɓoye ce kuma ta kai su Porto, San Sebastián (inda aka ɗaure su na sa'o'i 48), Faransa, da Jamus kafin su isa Ghana.  

Boal ta zauna a Senegal, a Dakar, don yin aiki a ofishin jam'iyyar Afirka na 'yancin kai na Guinea da Cape Verde. Daga nan ne ta tuntuɓi al'ummar Cape Verde don tattaunawa da bunƙasa yiwuwar fafutukar kwato 'yancin kai a ƙasar ta ta haihuwa.   Ta kuma yi aiki don jinyar waɗanda suka ji rauni a yakin da suka isa kan iyaka ta Ziguinchor. 

### Daraktan Makarantar Pilot
Boal ta fara tafiya zuwa Conakry, Guinea, don horar da malamai.

A gayyatar Amílcar Cabral, a cikin shekarar 1969 ta zama darektan Makarantar Pilot na Jam'iyyar Afirka da 'Yancin Guinea da Cape Verde, wanda aka kaddamar a Conakry a shekarar 1965 da burin ilmantar da matasa mayakan da marayu na yaki.     

Daga baya Boal yia ce game da Cabral, wanda ya kasance babban jagoran adawa da mulkin mallaka na Afirka har zuwa lokacin da aka kashe shi a shekarar 1973, "Amílcar ta damu da batun jinsi. Ta ce dole ne mata su yi fafutuka don kwato musu 'yanci. Ta zaɓi mata a kowane fanni na gwagwarmaya: ilimi, lafiya, bayanai, dabaru. 

A matsayinta na shugabar makarantar, ta ɗauki nauyin samar da sabbin kayan karatu, saboda waɗanda ake da su ba su nuna gaskiyar ƙasar ba. Binciken da ta yi don wannan aikin ya haɗa da kayan tuntuɓar kwasa-kwasan daga wasu ƙasashe, ciki har da Senegal, da ɗaukar su don yanayin gida. 

A makarantar, ta koyar da Fotigal, Faransa, Turanci, labarin kasa, da tarihin Guinea da Cape Verde, da nufin tsara makomar waɗannan ƙasashe. Ta kuma kula da bayar da guraben ƙaro ilimi wanda ya ba wa da yawa daga cikin ɗalibanta damar ci gaba da karatu a Cuba, da Tarayyar Soviet, a Gabashin Jamus, da kuma Czechoslovakia. Makarantar ta sami goyon baya mai ƙarfi na duniya daga waɗannan ƙasashe da Sweden, Faransa, da sauransu. Dole ne ɗalibai su kasance cikin shiri don kowane hali, don haka an umurce su da yadda za su riƙe makamai.   

A wannan lokaci Boal ta shiga shugabancin kungiyar mata ta UDEMU, reshen mata na jam’iyyar, inda ta ɗauki nauyin hulɗa da ƙasashen duniya. Ta halarci tarukan mata na ƙasa da ƙasa da suka shafi yanayin mata a Afirka da ma duniya baki ɗaya.

Daga shekarun 1974 zuwa 1979 ta kasance darakta na Instituto Amizade na jam'iyyar a Guinea-Bissau, kuma daga baya aka naɗa ta a matsayi na 2 a ma'aikatar ilimi, ta kasance babbar darakta na daidaitawa daga shekarun 1979 har zuwa ƙarshen 1980.  

### Komawa zuwa Cape Verde
A cikin shekarar 1980, bayan juyin mulkin soja ya kawo João Bernardo Vieira kan ƙaragar mulki a Guinea-Bissau, ta koma Cape Verde kuma ta fara aiki a matsayin babbar sufeton ilimi. Sannan ta yi aiki a Instituto Cabo-verdiano de Solidariedade har sai da ta yi ritaya. Ta kuma zama mace ta farko da aka zaɓa a majalisar dokokin ƙasar Cape Verde.   

Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa, a cikin shekarar 1981, na Organização das Mulheres de Cabo Verde, ƙungiyar da ke da niyyar tallafawa 'yancin cin gashin kan mata. Boal yai kula da haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyar ta duniya. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri, mutuwa, da gado
A Jami'ar Coimbra, ta haɗu da Manuel Boal, ɗalibin likitancin Angola kuma daga baya abokin gwagwarmayar 'yanci. Ma'auratan sun yi aure a shekara ta 1958 kuma suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu, Sara da Baluka, waɗanda mahaifiyar Lilica Boal ta girma a wani ɓangare na yakin neman 'yanci.  

Lilica Boal ta mutu a cikin shekarar 2024 tana da shekaru 90, a Praia.    An binne ta a garinsu na Tarrafal.   A lokacin mutuwarta, shugaban Cabo Verde José Maria Neves ya kira ta "mace mai karfin zuciya da hangen nesa, ɗaya daga cikin ginshiƙan tarihin mu."  Cibiyar Horar da Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru da Ƙwararrun Mata ta Cape Verde a Tarrafal ta kasance cikin girmamawarta tun a shekarar 2022. 

## Manazarta