Rayuwar Duniya ta Afirka

**Earthlife Africa** ƙungiya ce ta kare muhalli da kuma yaƙi da makaman nukiliya ta Afirka ta Kudu da aka kafa a watan Agusta na 1988, a Johannesburg. Da farko an yi tunanin ƙungiyar a matsayin Greenpeace ta Afirka ta Kudu, kuma ta fara ne da taka rawa mai tsauri, mai yaƙi da wariyar launin fata, kuma mai fafutuka. Ana iya cewa ELA yanzu ta zama ƙungiyar masu fafutukar kawo sauyi ko kuma ƙungiyar matsi. Wasu suna ɗaukarta a matsayin babbar murya a cikin ƙungiyar kare muhalli mai tasowa, ana sukar Earthlife Africa da cewa ta kasance mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, wasu kuma suna zarginta da "yin aiki tare da ƙungiyoyin kiyaye muhalli na gargajiya" don ci gaba da fafutukar kare muhalli.

An amince da kundin tsarin mulkin Duniya (da suna) a hukumance a taron ƙasa na farko da aka yi a Dal Josophat, kusa da Paarl (a wajen Cape Town ) a shekarar 1989. An zaɓi Duniyar Rayuwa Afirka a matsayin wani yunƙuri na guje wa rarrabuwar kawuna da ta shafi ƙungiyoyi biyu a Greenpeace waɗanda ke fafutukar iko da ƙungiyar. Saboda haka, ELA ta ɗauki wata hanya daban ta gwagwarmayar muhalli.

Da farko an kafa kundin tsarin mulkin ELA bisa ginshiƙai huɗu na Jam'iyyar Green Party da sauran takardun motsi. Waɗanda suka halarci wannan bikin buɗe ƙungiyar kore ta Afirka ta Kudu sun haɗa da mambobi daban-daban na ƙungiyoyin kare muhalli da ƙungiyoyin kare muhalli, ciki har da Peter Lukey, Henk Coetzee, Mike Kantey, Elfrieda Strauss, David Robert Lewis, da Rachel Brown.

A watan Disamba na shekarar 1989, rayuwar duniya a Afirka ta sanya batutuwan muhalli a cikin ajandar taron makomar dimokuradiyya.

A cewar Jacklyn Cock, "an fara gabatar da manufar adalci ga muhalli a Afirka ta Kudu a taron Earthlife 1992." Adalci ga Muhalli "an bayyana shi a matsayin ra'ayi na baƙar fata kuma mummunan ra'ayi kuma ya samo asali sosai"  Mafi daidai, shine taron Cibiyar Sadarwar Justice ta Muhalli (EJNF) wanda aka fara a taron 1992 wanda Earthlife Africa ta shirya kan taken "Me ake nufi da zama kore a Afirka ta Kudu." A wannan taron, wakilai 325 na ƙungiyoyin farar hula sun yanke shawarar sake fasalta ajandar muhalli a Afirka ta Kudu a fayyace kuma su wuce kundin tsarin mulkin 'yan gurguzu mai sassauci wanda ya ɗaure membobi da 'ƙa'idodi' maimakon 'haƙƙoƙi'. Taron Ƙasa na Muhalli da Ci Gaban Afirka ta Kudu ya riga ya tsara ajandar motsi na kore a shekarar 1991, don haka taron ELA na 1992 ya kasance ci gaba kuma abin da ya fara ci gaba daga baya a cikin babban motsi.

Fuskantar gurɓataccen iska da Thor Chemicals, wani kamfani da ya shigo da sharar guba zuwa Afirka ta Kudu, wanda Earthlife da EJNF suka yi aiki kafada da kafada da Cibiyar Albarkatun Shari'a, Ƙungiyar Masana'antar Ma'aikatan Sinadarai, ya shafa, shi ne muhimmin abin da ya sauya fasalin muhalli da kuma "canzawa" a Afirka ta Kudu. 

Duniyar Duniya ta ƙaddamar da Cibiyar Muhalli ta Jama'a, Greenhouse a shekara ta 2002.

2007 ELA ta shiga cikin zaman sauraron kwamitin tattara bayanai na majalisar dokoki kan masana'antar nukiliya, tana gabatar da bayanai da kuma sauraron zawarawa da ma'aikata da hatsarin Pelindaba ya shafa 

A watan Satumba na 2010, Ministar Kamfanonin Gwamnati Barbara Hogan ta sanar da shawarar gwamnatin ANC na rage tasirin aikin PBMR. Kudin da masu biyan haraji ke kashewa yana tsakanin biliyan 7 zuwa biliyan 9.5 da aka ɓatar a kan wata fasaha da ba a tabbatar da ita ba wadda ba ta iya samar da na'urar samar da wutar lantarki mai aiki ba bayan fiye da shekaru 11 na bincike. 

## Masu Taro

* Maya Aberman (reshen Cape Town) 2006
* Nosiphiwo Msithweni (reshen Cape Town) 2007

## Yaƙin neman zaɓe

* **Wariyar launin fata batu ne na muhalli**
* Makamashin Nukiliya Ya Fara Kashe Yaƙin Duniya (NECTEC)
* **Yaƙin neman zaɓen guba** ya fi mayar da hankali kan hana ayyukan ƙona wuta da aka tsara, ta hanyar shigar da bayanai kan EIAs.
* Haɗin gwiwar Makamashi Mai Dorewa da Sauyin Yanayi (SECCP)

## Zanga-zanga & Ayyuka

* 1998: An yi zanga-zanga a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Durban a kan wani jirgin sharar nukiliya
* 2008: zanga-zangar adawa da isowar jirgin ruwan USS *Theodore Roosevelt* 
* 2012 An mika bayanan da fayilolin lafiyar ɗaruruwan ma'aikata ga Hukumar Kare Jama'a a hukumance.
* Takardar Yarjejeniyar 2017 da aka bai wa Necsa game da zarge-zargen rashin lafiya da aka yi wa ma'aikatan Necsa, wadda Shugabar Kamfanin, Phumzile Tshelane ta amince da ita. 

## Talla

* 1998: yaƙin neman zaɓe kan gurɓatar iska a Johannesburg, an yi wa wasu fitattun sassaka guda uku ado da abin rufe fuska na iska. Sun yaɗa bayanai kan batutuwa kamar sauyin yanayi, injiniyancin kwayoyin halitta da makamashin nukiliya

## Taro

* Taron Ƙasa na Afirka ta Kudu kan Muhalli da Ci Gaba a 1991
* 1992 Menene ma'anar zama kore a Afirka ta Kudu.

## Shari'o'in shari'a

* An fallasa Thor Chemicals a shekarar 1992, wanda hakan ya haifar da aikace-aikacen kotu daban-daban, waɗanda suka ƙare da gwada laifin kamfanonin duniya.
* 15 Satumba 2003 Rayuwar Duniya Afirka - Cape Town ta ƙaddamar da buƙatar Babbar Kotu a Cape Town, tana neman yin bita da kuma yin watsi da izinin kimanta tasirin muhalli (EIA) da aka bai wa Eskom na gina wani tsarin gwaji na Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (PBMR) a Koeberg, Cape Town. 
* 2004 Aikin tsaftace dubban tan na sharar mercury na Thor Chemicals ya fara ne bayan yarjejeniya da kamfanin sinadarai mallakar Birtaniya don biyan R24-miliyan don kuɗaɗen zubar da shara. 
* 2005 **Earthlife Africa (Reshen Cape Town) da Eskom Holdings Ltd**, Samun Bayanai  Necsa ta bayar da bayanai kan buƙata, dangane da Dokar Inganta Samun Bayanai (PAIA)), wadda aka kafa a shekarar 2000, game da tsoffin ma'aikata. An karɓi buƙatar daga Taskar Tarihi ta Afirka ta Kudu (SAHA) wadda ta yi aiki a madadin Earthlife Africa (ELA) wadda ita kuma ta yi aiki a madadin tsoffin ma'aikatan.
* **Duniyar Duniya Afirka (Cape Town) v Darakta Janar na Sashen Muhalli da Yawon Bude Ido da Wani** (7653/03) [2005] ZAWCHC 7; 2005 (3) SA 156 (C) [2006] 2 Duk SA 44 (C) (26 Janairu 2005)  An sake duba shawarar da babban darakta: sashen kula da muhalli da yawon bude ido ya yanke a ranar 25 ga Yuni 2003 dangane da sashi na 22(3) na Dokar Kare Muhalli mai lamba 73 na 1989, wanda ya ba da izinin gina na'urar samar da wutar lantarki ta zamani ta Eskom Holding a Koeberg, kuma an ajiye ta a gefe. An mika lamarin ga babban darakta tare da umurtar ya bai wa mai nema da sauran masu sha'awar damar gabatar da wasu rubuce-rubuce a gare shi bisa ga wannan hukunci da kuma cikin lokacin da zai iya yanke shawara da kuma yin la'akari da irin wadannan takardu kafin yanke shawara kan bukatar Eskom. An umurci babban darakta da Eskom da su biya kuɗin mai neman aikin, gami da kuɗin lauyoyi biyu.
* A shekarar 2015, **SAFCEI da Earthlife Africa Jhb (ELA)** sun haɗu wajen ɗaukar matakin shari'a kan yarjejeniyar nukiliya da gwamnati ta tsara. SAFCEI da ELA (Jhb) sun shigar da ƙarar kotu a kan Ma'aikatar Makamashi (DoE), Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa, NERSA da Shugaba Zuma, suna ƙalubalantar ɓangarori daban-daban na tsarin siyan makaman nukiliya.
* Nasarar 2017 mai tarihi daga 22 zuwa 24 ga Fabrairu 2017 inda aka umarci gwamnati ta biya kuɗin hukunci na shari'o'in da ke sama. 
* 2017 Rayuwar Duniya Afirka Johannesburg ta ayyana babban nasara a ranar Laraba 8 ga Maris bayan ta lashe shari'ar sauyin yanayi ta farko a Afirka ta Kudu kuma ta tilasta wa gwamnati sake duba tasirin tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta kwal. 
* Kotun Koli ta 2017 ta sake neman a dakatar da yarjejeniyar nukiliya 

## Manazarta