open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
William Barrett (kwararren)

**William Barrett** (ya mutu a shekara ta 1584) ya kasance wakilin Ingila a Aleppo . Ya kasance a can lokacin da John Eldred da abokinsa, William Shales, suka isa can a ranar 11 ga Yuni 1584; ya mutu kwana takwas bayan isowarsu, kamar yadda aka rubuta a cikin labarin Eldred.

## Ayyuka
Ya rubuta wani rubutu a kan The Money and Measures of Babylon, Balsara, da Indies, tare da Customes, &c. , wanda ke da shafi na 406 zuwa 416 na kundi na biyu na Richard Hakluyt's Collection of Voyages, fitowar folio, 1810. Wani sakin layi ya rubuta gano tsibirin Saint Helena, da kuma amfani da shi azaman tanadi ga 'yan kasuwa na Portugal' tare da Indiya.

(Ta hanyar *Balsara* yana nufin Basra na zamani a Iraki.) 

## Manazarta
Bert Glover

**Cyrus Herbert Glover** (18 Maris 1887 – 27 Fabrairu 1941) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Australiya wanda ya buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Geelong wasa a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Victorian (VFL).

## Manazarta

 
## Haɗin waje

* Bert Glover's playing statisticsdaga Tables na AFL
* Bert Glovera AustralianFootball.com
Philip Barrow

**Philip Barrow** ko **Barrough** (fl. 1590) Marubucin likita ne na Ingilishi.

Barrow ɗan John Barrow ne, na Suffolk . Ya sami lasisi daga jami'ar Cambridge, a cikin 1559, don yin aikin tiyata, kuma a cikin 1572 irin wannan lasisi don yin aikin jiki. Wataƙila ya yi sana'arsa a Landan. Shi ne marubucin Hanyar Phisicke, wanda ke dauke da Causes, Signs, da Cures of Inward Diseases in Man's Body daga kai zuwa ƙafa. Inda aka kara da tsari da ka'idar magunguna da magunguna, wanda likitocinmu ke amfani da su a wannan rana, tare da rabo, yawa, da sunayen irin waɗannan magunguna, London, 1590, 4to. Wannan sanannen aikin, wanda aka keɓe ga "mai kyau mai kyau da maigidan" marubucin, Ubangiji Burghley, ya kai akalla bugu na bakwai a cikin 1652. An kira ra'ayi na 1617 na biyar. Akwai a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Burtaniya kwafinsa, tare da bayanan rubuce-rubuce da yawa.

## Haɗin waje

* Bayani da Rubuce-rubuce na Babi na Ophthalmic na Hanyar Barrough ta Jiki
Margaret Clunie

**Margaret Jayne Clunie** (an haife ta a ranar 2 ga Oktoba 1987) ’yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Ingila kuma tsohuwar mai tallan kayan kawa. An san ta da rawar da ta taka a matsayin Harriet, Duchess ta Sutherland a cikin shirin ITV *na Victoria* (2016–2017).

## Rayuwar farko
Clunie ta girma a Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire,  'yar wani mai ba da shawara kan harkokin kasuwanci kuma sakatare na likita. Tana da babbar 'yar'uwa. Da farko Clunie tana son zama 'yar jaridar kayan kwalliya. Ta yi karatun Turanci a Jami'ar Newcastle, inda ta shiga harkar wasan kwaikwayo.  Ta ci gaba da kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta Oxford a shekarar 2010. 

## Sana'a
Clunie tana da shekaru 14 lokacin da aka yi mata bincike a matsayin mai tallata kayan kwalliya a Tube . Ta shafe karshen mako tana daukar hotunanta sannan daga baya ta yi yawo a Makon Kayan Zamani na London, amma ta ce ta ga yawancinsu "suna lalata rai", "bel mai kwantar da hankali" tare da "kyawawan 'yan mata ana gaya musu cewa ba su da kyau, suna da kiba kuma suna da ban tsoro". 

Clunie ta fara fitowa a talabijin a wani shiri na BBC One medical sabulun opera *Doctors* a shekarar 2012. A shekara mai zuwa, ta sake yin rawar Natasha a cikin shiri na biyu na Sky Arts mai suna *A Young Doctor's Notebook* tare da Daniel Radcliffe da Jon Hamm .  Ta fara fitowa a mataki na farko a London a cikin *Hard Feelings* a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Finborough a shekara mai zuwa. 

A cikin 2016 da 2017, Clunie ta fito a matsayin Harriet, Duchess ta Sutherland a cikin jerin shirye-shirye biyu na farko na wasan kwaikwayo na tarihin rayuwa na ITV *Victoria* . Ta kuma taka rawar Jess a cikin fim ɗin barkwanci na Danny Sangra *Goldbricks in Bloom* . 

A shekarar 2019, Clunie ta fito a wani shiri na shirin laifuka na BBC One *[[Death in Paradise (TV series)|Death in Paradise]]*  kuma ta fito a fim din barkwanci na soyayya *[[Last Christmas (film)|Last Christmas]]* . Bayan haka, sai aka yi mata rawar Ellie a cikin jerin fina-finan Girka *na Kart* (ko *Postcard* ) a shekarar 2021, sannan aka yi mata mai masaukin baki a cikin jerin fina-finan Disney+ *[[Andor (TV series)|Andor]]* a shekarar 2022,  da kuma Domenica Howarth a cikin jerin fina-finan laifuka na Channel 5 *[[Dalgliesh (TV series)|Dalgliesh]]* . 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
A watan Disamba na 2016, Clunie ta auri Tom Bull a Cocin St Giles, Camberwell ; sun shafe kusan shekaru goma suna soyayya.  Tun daga shekarar 2016, ma'auratan suna zaune a Peckham . 

## manazarta
Margaret Chase Smith

**Margaret Madeline Chase Smith** (née **Chase** ; Disamba 14, 1897 - Mayu 29, 1995)  'yar siyasa ce ta Amurka. 'Yar jam'iyyar Republican ce, ta yi aiki a matsayin wakiliyar Amurka (1940–1949) da kuma sanata 'yar Amurka (1949–1973) daga Maine .  Ita ce mace ta farko da ta yi aiki a majalisun biyu na Majalisar Dokokin Amurka .  'Yar jam'iyyar Republican ce, tana cikin wadanda suka fara sukar dabarun Joseph McCarthy a jawabinta na 1950 mai taken " Sanarwar Lamiri ". 

Smith ta kasance 'yar takarar neman takarar shugaban ƙasa a jam'iyyar Republican a zaɓen 1964 ; ita ce mace ta farko da aka sanya a cikin takarar shugaban ƙasa a babban taron jam'iyyar .  Bayan ta bar ofis, ita ce sanata mace mafi daɗewa a tarihi, wani bambanci da ba a taɓa samu ba sai a ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2011, lokacin da Sanata Barbara Mikulski daga Maryland ta zarce tarihinta.  An sanya Smith a matsayin mace mafi daɗewa a jam'iyyar Republican a Majalisar Dattawa,  wani bambanci wanda ba a taɓa samun irinsa ba sai a ranar 3 ga Janairu, 2021, lokacin da aka rantsar da Susan Collins, wacce ke da kujerar Majalisar Dattawa da ta taɓa riƙewa a baya, a karo na biyar.  

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Margaret Chase a Skowhegan da ke tsakiyar Maine, ga Carrie Matilda (née Murray) da George Emery Chase. [   babba a cikin 'ya'ya shida, biyu daga cikinsu ba su rayu har zuwa lokacin girma ba.   asalin Ingila ne, zuriyar waɗanda suka yi ƙaura zuwa Masarautun Goma Sha Uku na asali a ƙarni na 17; kakan - 

## Farkon aikina
Bayan kammala karatunta na sakandare, Chase ta yi koyarwa a Makarantar Pitts, wata makaranta mai ɗaki ɗaya kusa da Skowhegan.  Ta kuma horar da ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta 'yan mata a Skowhegan High (1917–18).  Ta kasance babbar jami'ar kasuwanci a Kamfanin Wayar Salula da Telegraph na Maine (1918–1919) kafin ta shiga ma'aikatan Jaridar *Independent Reporter*, wata jarida ta mako-mako ta Skowhegan (wanda Clyde Smith ke da shi) wacce ta kasance manajan watsa shirye-shirye daga 1919 zuwa 1928.  Ta shiga cikin ƙungiyoyin mata na gida. Ta haɗu da kafa ƙungiyar 'Yan Mata ta Kasuwanci da Ƙwararru a cikin babi na Skowhegan a 1922, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin edita na mujallar ƙungiyar, *The Pine Cone* .  Daga 1926 zuwa 1928, ta kasance shugabar ƙungiyar jihar baki ɗaya, Maine Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs.  Ta kasance memba na Junior League of Bangor, ME.  Ta zama ma'ajiyar Kamfanin Tsarin Waste na New England a shekarar 1928 kuma an yi mata aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar ofis tare da Kamfanin Daniel E. Cummings Woolen, wani kamfanin masana'antar masaku na gida. 

## manazarta
John Barston

**John Barston** (c1545-c1612) marubuci ne na Ingilishi, doka kuma 'babban mutum.

Barston ya fito ne daga Tewkesbury . Ya tafi Kwalejin St John, Cambridge da Inns of Court. A shekara ta 1576, ya buga aikinsa, The Safeguard of Society, yana kwatanta rayuwar kamfanoni ta Tewkesbury.

## Manazarta
Pramod Kumar Srivastava

**Pramod Kumar Srivastava** (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1955) Masanin rigakafi ne na Amurka kuma likita ne wanda ke aiki a matsayin shugaban Eversource Energy a gwajin oncology a Jami'ar Connecticut School of Medicine . An san shi da aikinsa a kan Allurar rigakafin cutar kansa.

Shi ne wanda ya kafa kimiyya na Antigenics (AGEN), kamfanin biotech na New York.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Srivastava ya kammala Ph.D. a Cibiyar Cellular da Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Indiya, da kuma MD daga Jami'ar Connecticut School of Medicine .  

## Ayyuka
An nada Srivastava Mataimakin Farfesa a Sashen Farfesa, Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Dutsen Sinai, a shekarar 1989. Ya koma Jami'ar Fordham a matsayin mataimakin farfesa a fannin ilmin halitta a 1993 kuma ya zama cikakken Farfesa a 1995. A wannan lokacin, Srivastava ya kafa kamfanin biotechnology, Antigenics, a cikin 1994. 

A shekara ta 1997, an nada shi farfesa a fannin kiwon lafiya a Jami'ar Connecticut School of Medicine . Ya zama darektan da ya kafa Cibiyar Immunotherapy na Ciwon daji da Cututtukan Cututtuka. Ya kuma kasance shugaban kafa Sashen Immunology. Tun daga shekara ta 2011, ya kasance darektan Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta Carole da Neag a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Connecticut . 

### Ayyukan kimiyya da na asibiti
Srivastava ya ba da gudummawa ga Neuroimmunology. Gidan gwaje-gwaje na farko ya gano masu karɓar zafin jiki (masu karɓar TRPV) a kan sel na dendritic kuma ya ba da rahoton sakamakon haɗin waɗannan masu karɓa akan haƙurin rigakafi a cikin hanji. Bugu da kari, Srivastava yayi bincike kan hulɗar neuroimmunology kuma ya nuna yadda Tsarin juyayi na tausayi yake da mahimmanci ga ci gaban neutrophils na yau da kullun kuma cewa dysregulation na wannan hanyar yana haifar da ƙarni na ƙwayoyin masu hana rigakafi na myeloid, wanda ke inganta yaduwa Kwayoyin T masu sarrafawa.[1]

## Littattafai
Srivastava tana da littattafai sama da 200 da aka sake dubawa da kuma takardun shaida sama da 200 a fannin rigakafin cutar kansa ciki har da:

* Binciken juyawa ya nuna rigakafin rigakafi na MHC I-binding cancer neoepitope. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26646-5

* Hanyar da ba ta da son kai don bayyana ainihin ciwon daji neoepitopes wanda ke haifar da ƙin cutar kansa ta hanyar rigakafi. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1172/jci142823

* Sautin jijiya mai tausayi yana iyakance ci gaban ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na Doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.aay9368

* Cross-dressing na CD8α+ Dendritic Cells tare da Antigens daga Live Mouse Tumor Cells Babban Hanyar Cross-priming Doi ne: https://doi.org/10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0248

## Manazarta
Hugh Goddard

**Hugh Goddard** (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Agusta 1996) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Ostiraliya wanda ya taɓa bugawa ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na St Kilda da Carlton a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ostiraliya (AFL).

## Ayyukan AFL
Goddard dan uwan na biyu ne na tsohon dan wasan St Kilda kuma tsohon kyaftin din Essendon kuma dan wasan Brendon Goddard. An tsara shi a matsayin mai zaɓar 21 a cikin shirin AFL na 2014. Ya girma a Geelong kuma ya halarci makarantar Melbourne Grammar School a matsayin mai shiga gida. Ya fara bugawa a zagaye na 16 na kakar AFL ta 2015 a cikin asarar St Kilda a kan Richmond, yana wasa tare da tsohon abokin wasan Geelong Falcons Paddy McCartin. 

A wasan sa na tara kawai (kuma na farko a kakar 2016), Goddard ya sha wahala daga rauni a cikin tsokoki 88-point loss ga Adelaide a Adelaide Oval a zagaye na 11, yana kawo karshen kakar sa kuma yana tabbatar da cewa zai ciyar da watanni goma sha biyu masu zuwa a gefe.

A cikin 2018 AFL Rookie Draft, an zaɓi Goddard tare da zaɓi na farko daga Carlton, bayan ya kwashe horo tare da kulob din. Goddard ya fara buga wasan farko na Carlton a zagaye na 17 na kakar 2019 a kan Sydney a SCG kuma ya buga wasanni biyu ga Carlton.[undefined] Ya buga mafi yawan kakar wasa tare da Carlton's VFL-affiliate Northern Blues, inda ya lashe Laurie Hill Trophy a matsayin kulob din mafi kyau da adalci.[1] An cire shi a ƙarshen 2020.[2]

## Manazarta
Wasanni Boulevard

**Sports Boulevard** wani babban wurin shakatawa ne mai layi wanda ba a gina shi ba wanda ke Riyadh, Saudi Arabia . Sarki Salman ne ya ƙaddamar da aikin a ranar 19 ga Maris, 2019 a matsayin wani ɓangare na Saudi Vision 2030 kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyuka a duniya.  Gidauniyar Sports Boulevard Foundation ce ke kula da shi tare da shugaban Yarima Mai Jiran Gado Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud .   

## Bayani
An ƙaddamar da aikin a shekarar 2019 a matsayin wani ɓangare na hangen nesa na 2030 na Masarautar Saudiyya.    

Filin Wasanni yana ɗaya daga cikin shirye-shirye huɗu da aka kafa a shekarar 2019 tare da King Salman Park, Riyadh Art da Green Riyadh, waɗanda aka kiyasta sun kashe dala biliyan 23 a cikin tallafin gwamnati.       

A shekarar 2019, lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da aikin, ana sa ran zai samar da ayyukan samarwa, sannan kuma ya ci gaba da samar da ƙarin ayyukan hidima.    A watan Afrilun 2022, an naɗa Jayne McGivern a matsayin Shugaba na Gidauniyar Wasanni ta Boulevard.   

A watan Oktoban 2021, an bai wa gidauniyar kwangilar dala miliyan 661.5 don aikin mataki na farko na ginin.  

A watan Yulin 2024, Yarima Mai Jiran Gado Mohammed bin Salman ya sanar da Hasumiyar Wasanni ta Duniya a matsayin wani ɓangare na Babban Titin Wasanni. Tsawon hasumiyar mai tsawon mita 130, za ta kasance mafi tsayi a irinta kuma za ta ƙunshi wurare daban-daban na wasanni 30. 

A watan Fabrairun 2025, an buɗe matakin farko na aikin ga jama'a a hukumance. Matakin farko ya haɗa da muhimman wurare guda biyar, waɗanda suka haɗa da:

* Wadi Hanifah
* Yawon Shakatawa
* Wani sashe a mahadar titin Yarima Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz da titin Yarima Turki bin Abdulaziz Al-Awwal.
* An fara gabatar da karatun digiri na farko a Jami'ar Gimbiya Nourah bint Abdulrahman
* Mataki na farko na Sands Sports Park.

Wannan ya nuna kammala kashi 40% na aikin. 

## Wuri da gundumomi
Babban titin wasanni yana cikin birnin Riyadh kuma yana da nisan kilomita 135 wanda ya haɗa Wadi Hanifa a yamma da Wadi Al-Sulai a gabas ta hanyar titin Yarima Mohammed bin Salman kuma yana da gundumomi 8 daban-daban, gundumar Wadi Hanifah, gundumar fasaha, gundumar Wadi Alyasen, gundumar nishaɗi, gundumar wasanni, filin shakatawa na Sand Sports, gundumar Eco da gundumar Wadi Al-Sulai.  

## Manazarta
William Basset (Allahntaka)

**William Basset** (1644-1695) wani allahn Ingilishi ne.

Basset ɗan ThoMA Basset ne, ministan Great Harborough a Warwickshire, an yi masa baftisma a can 22 ga Oktoba 1644, ya zama talakawa na Magdalen Hall, Oxford, a cikin 1660, kuma daga baya ya zama dan majalisa na Kwalejin Magdalen, kuma a Jami'ar Oxford. Ya kammala karatunsa na MA, kuma ya dauki umarni, an fara amfani da shi a Surrey, daga baya (1671) a Brinklow a cikin garinsu, kuma a watan Yulin 1683 Kamfanin Salters ya gabatar da shi ga rectory na St Swithin a Landan. Mutuwarsa ta faru ne a farkon shekara ta 1695-6, yayin da John Clark, MA ya gaje shi a ranar 25 ga Maris 1696 a cikin gidansa na St Swithin.

## Ayyuka
Baya ga wa'azi da yawa, ya wallafa:

* 'Haruffa Biyu kan Canje-canje a cikin Liturgy. '
* 'A 'Vindication' na aikin da ya gabata, 1689.
* 'Amsa ga Takaitaccen Tarihin Unitarians, wanda ake kira Socinians,' London, 1693, kundin 8. 'Tarihin' na John Biddle wanda wannan amsa ce, ya bayyana ba tare da an san shi ba a cikin shekara ta 1687.

## Manazarta
James Gatehouse

**James Gatehouse** (27 Maris 1883 - 7 Disamba 1949) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Australiya wanda ya buga wasa da Geelong a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Victorian (VFL). 

A shekara ta 1900 ya auri Eleanor Wright Austin, wanda aka fi sani da 'Nellie'. Ta kasance mai cin nasara a wasan golf kuma mai kula da golf kuma ta lashe lambobin yabo na Australiya guda uku, lambobin yabo biyar na Victorian da kuma Gasar Cin Kofin Kungiyar a Royal Melbourne Golf Club.[1] An lashe lambar yabo ta farko ta Australiya a shekara ta 1909.[2]

Mahaifin James Gatehouse ya kasance Magajin garin Melbourne a lokacin 1874-1875.

## Manazarta
Stephen Waxman

**Stephen George Waxman** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1945) ƙwararren likitan jijiyoyi ne kuma masanin kimiyyar jijiyoyi na Amurka. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Sashen Nazarin Jijiyoyi a Makarantar Magunguna ta Yale, kuma Babban Likitan Jijiyoyi a Asibitin Yale-New Haven daga 1986 zuwa 2009.  Tun daga shekarar 2023, shi ne Farfesa Bridget Flaherty na Kimiyyar Jijiyoyi, Kimiyyar Jijiyoyi, da Magunguna a Jami'ar Yale. Ya kafa Cibiyar Bincike ta Neuroscience & Regeneration ta Jami'ar Yale a shekara ta 1988 kuma shine darektanta. Ya taɓa riƙe mukamai na malamai a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Harvard, MIT, da Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Stanford .   Shi ma farfesa ne mai ziyara a Kwalejin Jami'ar London. Shi ne babban editan *The Neuroscientist* . 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Stephen Waxman a ranar 17 ga Agusta, 1945, kuma ya girma a Newark, New Jersey . Mahaifinsa mai ba da rahoto ne a kotu kuma mahaifiyarsa uwar gida ce. Waxman ya sami digiri na BA daga Jami'ar Harvard (1967), da kuma digiri na PhD (1970) da MD (1972) daga Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Albert Einstein . Bayan kammala makarantar likita da digiri, Waxman ya horar da shi a matsayin Postdoctoral Fellow a MIT, Clinical Fellow a Harvard Medical School, da kuma Mazaunin asibitin Boston City har zuwa 1975.  Daga nan ya yi aiki a fannin koyarwa a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Harvard da MIT kafin a dauke shi a shekarar 1978, yana da shekaru 33, a matsayin Farfesa na Neurology a Makarantar Likita ta Jami'ar Stanford da kuma Babban Jami'ar Neurology na Asibitin Gudanar da Tsohon Sojoji na Palo Alto.

## Bincike
Stephen Waxman ya zama mai sha'awar fiber na jijiyoyi, da kuma yadda suke ɗaukar saƙonni daga kwayar jijiya ɗaya zuwa na gaba a cikin nau'in jijiyoyi, a matsayin dalibi da ke yin bincike a Harvard da Kwalejin Jami'ar London a cikin shekarun 1960. A wannan lokacin, an yi la'akari da cewa jijiyoyin jijiyoyi sun samo asali ne don watsa motsin jijiyoyi daga wannan ƙarshen zuwa ɗayan da sauri. Waxman ya nuna cewa a wasu sassan tsarin juyayi, ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi suna aiki daban kuma suna aiki a matsayin "layin jinkiri", suna ɗauke da bayanai a ƙasa da saurin sauri. Wannan yana faruwa, alal misali, a cikin tsarin motoci inda lokaci yake da mahimmanci kuma lokacin isowar kowane motsi na jijiya dole ne a daidaita shi sosai a cikin dubban na biyu. Wannan aikin farko, da kuma nazarin da suka danganci wanda Waxman ya nuna cewa fiber na jijiya na iya aiki a matsayin matattarar, canzawa da sarrafa wasu saƙonni maimakon kawai watsa su,  ya kafa Waxman a matsayin jagora a cikin binciken kimiyyar kwakwalwa. Ɗaya daga cikin takardun farko na Waxman ya bayyana a cikin Nature yayin da yake ɗalibin likita.  

## Manazarta
Al Trautwig

**Alan Trautwig**  (26 ga Fabrairu, 1956 - 23 ga Fabrairu, 2025) ɗan Amurka ne mai sharhi kan wasanni wanda ya yi aiki da MSG Network, ABC, NBC, NBC Sports Network, da USA Network . Daga baya ya yi wasannin kafin wasa da bayan wasa ga New York Knicks da New York Rangers, da kuma wasan cike-ciki ga ƙungiyoyin biyu.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Trautwig a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, 1956, a Oceanside, New York, kuma ya girma a kusa da Garden City South . [1] [2] Ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ga New York Islanders na NHL kuma ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ga New York Nets na ABA lokacin da suka yi wasa a Nassau Coliseum . Ya kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Sakandare ta H. Frank Carey ta Junior-Senior, a Franklin Square . Ya kammala karatunsa a Jami'ar Adelphi a shekarar 1978, inda ya yi karatun kasuwanci. Ya kuma kasance wanda ya shiga Jami'ar a shekarar 1991 a cikin Hall of Fame na Jami'ar. Kwarewarsa ta farko ta watsa shirye-shirye ita ce kiran wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa na New York Apollo a WBAU a lokacin bazara na 1978 sannan daga baya WMCA .

## Aikin watsa labarai
A shekarun 1980, Trautwig ya dauki nauyin watsa shirye-shiryen USA Network na National Hockey League ; wani abu da ya yi wanda ba a saba gani ba shi ne yin hira da wani wurin ruwa . Sannan kuma lokaci-lokaci yana yin shirye-shiryen tallafawa shirye-shiryen WWF da za a watsa a USA Network a tsakiyar shekarun 1980. Lokaci-lokaci yana karbar bakuncin shirin *NHL a Versus* studio *Hockey Central* . Ya kuma shirya wasannin MISL da dama daga 1978 zuwa 1992. A lokacin bazara na 1988, Trautwig ya dauki nauyin shirya wasannin MISL da dama daga 1978 zuwa 1992. A lokacin bazara na 1988, Trautwig ya dauki nauyin shirya *wasannin SportsNite* na ABC Sports, wanda ya jagoranci tsohon jarumin cibiyar sadarwa Howard Cosell don yin hira da Norman Chad na *The Washington Post*, "Ban ma sani ba, domin Allah ne shaidata, ko kuma ban taba jin labarin wani Al Trautwig ba." 

## Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa
Trautwig da matarsa, Cathleen, sun haifi ɗa.  Bayan ƙarshen aikinsa na watsa shirye-shirye, ya koyar na ɗan lokaci a Adelphi.  Ya kasance mazaunin Glen Cove, New York . 

Trautwig ya mutu a gida sakamakon cutar kansa a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, 2025, yana da shekaru 68. 

#### MANAZARTA
John Barthlet

**John Barthlet** ko **Bartlett** (fl. 1566), marubucin tauhidin Ingilishi ne.

Barthlet minista ne na Cocin Ingila, kuma yana da ra'ayoyin Calvinistic sosai. A shekara ta 1566 ya wallafa wani aiki mai taken Pedegrewe [Pedigree] na Heretiques, inda aka kafa tushen farko na Heretique a cikin Cocin tun lokacin da kuma wucewar Linjila, tare da misalin zuriyar wannan. London, na Henry Denham don Lucas Harryson . A kan taken-shafin akwai zane-zane na bear da ragged staff, kuma littafin an sadaukar da shi ga Earl na Leicester, wanda aka bayyana shi a matsayin "Mekaenas na musamman ga ɗalibi mai farin ciki, kuma "mai ƙyama da zelous aboki ga ministan. Wasu Latin hexameters da sapphics daga masu digiri na Cambridge, da aka yi wa mai karatu, sun gabatar da ƙarar.

Teburinsa na 'yan ridda yana da tsawo, kuma ya haɗa da irin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi masu ban mamaki kamar 'Visiblers,' 'Quantitiners,' 'Metamorphistes,' da 'Mice-feeders.' Wasika daga John Bartelot zuwa Thomas Cromwell, wanda aka rubuta a shekara ta 1535, wanda ke nuna wani sashi mai banƙyama a rayuwar tsohon Crutched Friars a London, an buga shi daga Cottonian MS. a cikin Wright's 'Letters related to the Suppression of Monasteries,' shafi na 59 (Camden Soc.) A John Bartlet ya kasance vicar na Stortford, Essex, daga 23 Fabrairu 1555-6 har zuwa 5 Maris 1560-1.  'One Barthlett, a divinity lecturer of St. Giles', Cripplegate,' Bishop Grindal ya dakatar da shi a ranar 4 ga Mayu 1566. Wataƙila waɗannan sanarwa suna nufin marubucin 'Pedegrewe,' wanda aka rubuta sunansa daban-daban.&nbsp;

## Manazarta
Margaret Clap

**Margaret Clap** (ta mutu  ), wacce aka fi sani da **Mother Clap**, tana gudanar da gidan kofi daga 1724 zuwa 1726 a Field Lane, Holborn, Middlesex, ɗan nisa daga Birnin Landan . Baya ga gudanar da gidan molly (wani masauki ko gidan cin abinci da maza 'yan luwaɗi ke yawan zuwa), ta shiga cikin yaƙe-yaƙen shari'a da suka biyo baya bayan an kai mata hari aka rufe gidanta. Duk da cewa ba a san komai game da rayuwarta ba, ta kasance muhimmin ɓangare na al'adun 'yan luwaɗi na farkon ƙarni na 18 na Ingila . A lokacin luwaɗi a Ingila laifi ne a ƙarƙashin Dokar Buggery ta 1533, wanda za a iya hukunta shi da tara, ɗaurin kurkuku, ko hukuncin kisa . Duk da haka, musamman a manyan birane, ana gudanar da ayyukan luwaɗi na sirri. Don aiwatar da waɗannan ayyukan, akwai wurare inda maza daga kowane rukuni za su iya samun abokan tarayya ko kawai su yi mu'amala da mutane, waɗanda ake kira gidajen molly, "molly" wanda ake yi wa laƙabi da mutumin luwaɗi a lokacin. Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun waɗannan shine gidan molly na Clap.

## Gidan Molly na Clap

Margaret Clap tana gudanar da gidan kofi wanda ya zama gidan molly ga al'ummar 'yan luwaɗi ta ɓoye.   Gidanta ya shahara a cikin shekaru biyu na wanzuwarsa (1724-1726),  sananne ne a cikin al'ummar 'yan luwaɗi. Ta kula da abokan cinikinta, kuma ta kula da mazan luwaɗi waɗanda ke yawan zuwa wurin. An san ta da samar da "gadaje a kowane ɗaki na gidan" kuma galibi tana da "irin waɗannan chaps guda talatin ko arba'in a kowace dare, amma musamman a daren Lahadi."  Clap tana nan a mafi yawan lokutan aiki na gidan molly, da alama kawai tana tafiya ne ta ƙetare titi zuwa wani gidan giya na gida, don siyan abin sha ga abokan cinikinta. Saboda Clap dole ta bar harabar don ɗaukar barasa don ba wa abokan cinikinta, wataƙila gidan molly yana cikin gidanta na sirri.   Ba kamar sauran gidajen molly ba, ba gidan karuwai ba ne.  Manufar Clap wataƙila ta dogara ne akan jin daɗi fiye da riba, bisa ga kyautatawarta ga abokan cinikinta. Misali, wani mutum ya kwana a gidanta tsawon shekaru biyu kuma daga baya ta bayar da shaidar ƙarya don a wanke wani mutum daga tuhume-tuhumen luwaɗi .   Ayyukanta a lokacin tuhume-tuhumen da aka yi mata daga baya kuma yawancin al'ummar luwaɗi sun nuna amincinta ga abokan cinikinta.  

### Harin 1726
A watan Fabrairun 1726, 'yan sanda sun kai samame gidan Molly na Margaret Clap; an kama kimanin mutane 40 daga cikin mazaunansa.  An yi wa gidan kallon farko a karkashin kungiyar Reformation of Manners, kuma an shafe shekaru biyu ana sa ido a kansa.   Da alama tarin masu ba da labari ga mollies masu ɗaukar fansa ne suka tayar da shi. Wani mutum mai suna Mark Patridge ya fita daga gidansa, sannan aka mayar da shi mai ba da labari ga 'yan sanda.  Ya jagoranci 'yan sanda zuwa gidajen molly, yana gabatar da kowannensu a matsayin "mijinsa" domin su yi bincike sosai.   Ba a yi wa Patridge shari'a a kotu ba saboda laifin luwadi. Wani sanannen mai ba da labari shi ne Thomas Newton, wanda ya saba amfani da tarko don bai wa 'yan sanda damar kama maza a cikin aikin tayar da lu6wadi.  

## manazarta
Gidan shakatawa na Emerald

**Emerald Park** (Dan Ailan: *Páirc Smaragaide*), wanda aka san shi tun daga buɗewarsa ta 2010 zuwa 2022 a matsayin **Tayto Park,** wurin shakatawa ne da gidan namun daji mai fadin hekta 22 (kadada 55) wanda ke cikin garin Kilbrew, County Meath, Ireland, kimanin murabba'in  arewa maso yammacin Dublin . Da aka buɗe wurin shakatawar, an yi masa taken ne a kan alamar dankalin Turawa ta Irish mai suna Tayto (wanda masana'antarsa ke kusa da wurin shakatawar), kuma mamallakin Tayto a wancan lokacin, manomi kuma ɗan kasuwa Raymond Coyle (wanda ya rasu a 2022) ya ƙirƙira shi.  

Wurin shakatawa ya haɗa da wuraren shakatawa na rollercoasters guda ɗaya tilo a Ireland, hawa na Frisbee, wuraren wasanni na kasada da kuma gidan namun daji na waje.  

## Tarihi
An buɗe wurin shakatawa a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba, 2010. Stewart da Sinnott Architects, mai gyaran lambu Anthony Ryan da mai tsara lambu Milo Fitzgerald ne suka tsara shi, tare da saka hannun jari na Yuro miliyan 8.5 daga Ray Coyle, manomin dankalin da ya kafa Largo Foods, kuma ya sayi alamar Tayto. Wurin shakatawa ya haɓaka gonakin County Meath mai fadin hekta 22 zuwa wurin shakatawa irin na Amurka.   Shi ne wuri na shida mafi shahara a Ireland, inda baƙi 750,000 suka ziyarci wurin a shekarar 2015.  Baƙi da suka ziyarci wurin shakatawa suma suna da zaɓin ziyartar masana'antar a wasu ranaku.

A lokacin da wurin shakatawar yake a farkon lokacinsa, wurin shakatawar ba shi da abubuwan hawa kuma ya fi ƙanƙanta, kawai yana ɗauke da wurin shakatawa da wuraren wasanni. Tsawon shekaru, wurin shakatawar ya fara buɗe hanyoyin hawa a bayan wurin shakatawar, kuma ya zama cikakken wurin shakatawa.

A watan Fabrairun 2022, an sanar da cewa za a sake sanya wa wurin shakatawar suna, tare da abubuwan da ke cikinsa a shekarar 2023 bayan da Tayto Snacks - mallakar kamfanin Intersnack na Jamus yanzu - ya tabbatar da cewa ba za su sabunta yarjejeniyar daukar nauyinsu ba.  A ranar 29 ga Satumba, 2022, an sanar da cewa za a sake sanya wa wurin shakatawa suna "Emerald Park" daga ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2023, dangane da sunan Ireland na "Emerald Isle."   

## Abubuwan jan hankali

### Manyan abubuwan jan hankali
Gidan shakatawa na Emerald yana da wurare daban-daban na jan hankali ga mutane daban-daban, ciki har da filin wasa da ƙananan wuraren wasa, wurin shakatawa, "cinema na 5D", da fasaha da sana'o'i, nunin sihiri da zane-zanen fuska. Akwai kuma tanti na circus. 

### Tafiye-tafiyen wurin shakatawa na jigo
A da, wurin shakatawa yana aiki ne a kan tsarin yankuna da alamun biyan kuɗi, tare da zaɓin biya don amfani mara iyaka, amma an koma zuwa ga samfurin shiga duka (bisa ga iyakokin shekaru don wasu tafiye-tafiye - ƙananan baƙi an iyakance su ga wuraren jan hankali na gabaɗaya da wasu injunan shakatawa masu sauƙi).

## Manazarta
William Bavand

**William Bavand** (ya mutu a shekara ta 1575) lauya ne kuma mai fassara. Ana tunawa da shi a matsayin mai fassara na littafin Johannes Ferrarius The Good Ordering of a Commonweal (1559).

## Iyali
We know very little of the family of William Bavand. His father was Robert Bavand of Rostherne in Cheshire.  There were many Bavands in Cheshire, but no connection has been traced between them and Robert and his son William. It is probable, however, that he was related to the recusant priest John Bavant, also of Cheshire origins. In his will of 1575, William Bavand named his wife as Barsaba, and stated himself to be of Stoke Albany in Northamptonshire.

## Lauyan a Haikali na Tsakiya
A ranar 15 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1557, an shigar da William Bavand a cikin Haikali na Tsakiya a London, ɗaya daga cikin Inns of Court, inda aka horar da samari a cikin doka. Alkawarin da ya yi shi ne Edward Martin na Wokingham, Surrey (ya mutu a shekara ta 1604). A shekara ta 1558, Bavand da kansa ya yi alkawari ga Thomas Bowyer na London (d. 1595), wanda ya auri Magdalen, 'yar masanin tauhidi Bartholomew Traheron. Bavand ya tashi da sauri ta hanyar Haikali na Tsakiya. A shekara ta 1561, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da kuɗi, a ƙarƙashin sanannen masanin shari'a Edmund Plowden . An kira shi zuwa Bench a shekara mai zuwa a shekara ta 1562. A shekara ta 1569, ya sauka a matsayin mai ba da kuɗi, kuma an ji labarin sa na ƙarshe a Haikali na Tsakiya a shekara ta 1573.

## Haɗin Roman Katolika
Bavand ya yi wasu haɗi masu amfani a Haikali na Tsakiya. A shekara ta 1570, an bar shi £ 5 a cikin nufin ɗan Worcestershire William Sheldon (d. 1570) na Beoley .  Sheldon ya yi karatu a Haikali na Tsakiya a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, kuma 'yarsa Catherine ta auri Edmund Plowden . Bavand na iya ƙaura a cikin ƙungiyar Roman Katolika a arewacin Ingila. A shekara ta 1570, an ba Bavand damar gabatar da Henry Smythe ga rectory na Solihull a Warwickshire. Mai kula da gaskiya shine Robert Throckmorton na Coughton Hall a Warwickshire, wani shahararren dan Roman Katolika a wannan gundumar. Shi ma tsohon memba ne na Haikali na Tsakiya, kuma 'yarsa Anne ta auri ɗan William Sheldon, Ralph Sheldon (d. 1613), wanda ya kasance zamani da Bavand a Haikali. Wani mai mulki na baya a Solihull an lura da shi a matsayin John Bavant, wanda ya tuba zuwa Roman Katolika kuma ya tafi Roma. Dangantakar iyali tana iya yiwuwa.

## Manazarta
Sarah Child

**Sarah Child** (wanda aka haifa **Jodrell** ; ya mutu a shekara ta 1793) ma'aikacin banki ne na Burtaniya.

Ita 'yar Gilbert Jodrell ce ta Ankerwyke, Buckinghamshire. Ta auri Robert Child, kuma ta zama mahaifiyar Sarah Fane, Countess ta Westmorland .

Bayan rasuwar mijinta a shekarar 1782, ta gaji mukamin shugabar babban bankin Child & Co., wanda ba matsayi na yau da kullun ga mace a Burtaniya a ƙarni na 18 ba.

Bayan rasuwarta, jikarta Sarah Villiers, Countess ta Jersey ta gaji mukaminta a banki.

## Manazarta
Gus Gilmore

Manjo Janar **Peter Warwick** " **Gus** " **Gilmore**, AO , DSC (an haife shi a ranar 31 ga Janairu 1962) babban jami'i ne mai ritaya a rundunar sojojin Ostiraliya. Ya kammala karatunsa a Kwalejin Sojoji ta Royal, Duntroon, kuma an tura shi aiki a rundunar sojojin Royal Australian a shekarar 1983 kuma ya shafe mafi yawan aikinsa a cikin rundunonin sojoji na musamman. Ya jagoranci rundunar sojojin sama ta musamman (2001–02), ya jagoranci rukunin farko na kungiyar ayyukan musamman ta Ostiraliya a Afghanistan (2001–02), ya kasance mai alhakin kungiyar tallafawa hadin gwiwa a Iraki (2005–06), kuma ya jagoranci rundunar ayyukan musamman ta rundunar taimakon tsaro ta kasa da kasa (2009–10). Bayan an kara masa girma zuwa babban janar, ya rike mukamai daban-daban, ciki har da Kwamandan Ayyuka na Musamman na Ostiraliya (2011–13), Mataimakin Babban Hafsan Soja (2013–15), da Kwamandan Rundunar Soja (2015–16). Nadinsa na karshe shine Shugaban Sashen Alkawuran Dabaru na Soja daga 2016 zuwa 2019.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Peter Warwick Gilmore a ranar 31 ga watan Janairun 1962 a Sydney, New South Wales, ƙarami cikin yara uku ga Ian George Charles Gilmore da Alison Shirley Gilmore (née Cayley). Ian Gilmore ya kasance jami'in Sojojin Australiya wanda ya ga hidima a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu,  Yaƙin Koriya da Yaƙin Vietnam,   kuma ya tashi zuwa matsayin Brigadier.

Gilmore ta yi karatu a makarantar Canberra Grammar School sannan daga baya a Kwalejin Geelong a Victoria, ta kammala karatu a shekarar 1978. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 17, ya shiga Kwalejin Soja ta Royal, Duntroon a watan Janairun 1979 a matsayin jami'in Sojojin Australiya. Ya kammala karatu daga Duntroon tare da digiri na farko na Arts daga Jami'ar New South Wales, kuma an ba shi izini a matsayin mataimakin a cikin Royal Australian Infantry Corps a ranar 14 ga Disamba 1983. Daga baya ya karanta don Master of Arts a Harkokin Kasashen Duniya a Jami'ar Deakin.Ya kammala karatu a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Soja ta Royal a Ƙasar Ingila, Kwalejin Kwamandan Sojojin Australiya da Ma'aikata, Cibiyar Tsaro da Nazarin Dabarun Australiya, da Cibiyar Daraktocin Kamfanin Australiya.

## Ayyukan soja

### Ayyukan farko da umurnin mulki
Da farko an tura Gilmore zuwa 8th / 9th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment a matsayin kwamandan rukuni, daga baya ya yi aiki tare da Cibiyar Sojoji a Singleton, New South Wales, da kuma 4th / 3rd Battalion. A shekara ta 1988, Gilmore ya wuce zabin kuma an nada shi zuwa Special Air Service Regiment (SASR). Fiye da shekaru goma ya cika nadin daban-daban a cikin SASR, gami da a matsayin kwamandan sojoji, adjutant, jami'in bincike na ayyukan, da kwamandan squadron, ya tashi zuwa kwamandan rundunar a shekara ta 2001.[1][2] A wannan shekarar, an zaba shi a matsayin mai karɓar lambar yabo ta Centenary don nuna godiya ga "hidimar da ya yi wa al'ummar Australiya ta hanyar Sojojin Australiya".[3]

## Manazarta
Gerald Ridsdale

**Gerald Francis Ridsdale** (20 ga Mayu 1934 - 18 ga Fabrairu 2025) firist ne na Katolika na Australiya kuma mai yawan aikata laifukan jima'i .

An same shi da laifi tsakanin 1993 da 2017 kan yawan cin zarafin yara da kuma cin zarafin yara da aka yi wa yara ƙanana 'yan shekara huɗu. Yawancin laifukan sun faru ne daga shekarun 1960 zuwa 1980 yayin da Ridsdale ke aiki a matsayin limamin makaranta a Makarantar Firamare ta St Alipius, wata makarantar kwana ta maza a birnin Ballarat na yankin Victoria .

Hukumar Sarauta kan martanin Cibiyoyin da suka shafi Cin Zarafin Yara ta gano cewa manyan mutane a cocin, ciki har da Cardinal George Pell, sun san yawan cin zarafin yara da Ridsdale ke yi amma sun kare shi.  An nada Ridsdale a cocin St Patrick's Cathedral, Ballarat, a shekarar 1961. Cocin ya karɓi korafin farko game da halinsa ga yara a wannan shekarar.  Ridsdale ya gudanar da naɗe-naɗe 16 daban-daban a tsawon shekaru 29 a matsayin firist, tare da matsakaicin shekaru 1.8 a kowace naɗi.

## Aiki da kuma tuhumar laifuka
An haifi Ridsdale a St Arnaud da ke tsakiyar Victoria kuma ya girma a Ballarat .  An yi zargin cewa Ridsdale ya ci zarafin yara maza ta hanyar lalata tun daga shekarar 1955, lokacin yana da shekaru 21.  Ya halarci makaranta a Kwalejin St Patrick, kuma a shekarar 2016 an cire sunansa daga hukumar girmamawa wadda ke girmama tsoffin ɗaliban da suka ɗauki nauyin ibada. 

## Shigar da kariya daga Diocese na Ballarat da ƙarar jama'a
A ranar 13 ga Satumba, 2019, Diocese na Ballarat ta fitar da wata sanarwa da ta amince cewa manyan malaman cocin sun san da zarge-zargen cin zarafin mata da aka yi wa Ridsdale, sannan daga baya suka yi ƙoƙarin kare shi daga gurfanar da shi.  Wannan ikirari ya zo ne bayan wata ƙara da aka shigar a kan cocin da ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda Ridsdale ta shafa. 

### Steve Blacker
Kotun ce kawai ta san Steve Blacker, wanda a da aka fi sani da suna 'JCB', Ridsdale ta yi masa fyade a lokacin da yake amsa laifin a Cocin St Colman, Mortlake, a shekarar 1982. Blacker yana da shekaru tara kuma Ridsdale ya shafe akalla shekaru 20 yana cin zarafin yara a Ballarat. 

### MANAZARTA
Innu Meshkenu

**Innu Meshkenu** tafiya ce da likitan fiɗa na farko ɗan asalin ƙasar Quebec, Stanley Vollant, ya yi.  Wannan  tafiya ta ratsa dukkan al'ummomin 'yan asalin ƙasar a gabashin Kanada .  Tafiyar ta fara ne a kaka ta 2010 kuma ana sa ran za ta ɗauki tsawon shekaru biyar. Tun daga watan Afrilun 2016, tafiyar ta kusa ƙarewa. 

Stanley Vollant yana tafiya shi kaɗai wani lokacin, wani lokacin tare da wasu 'yan asalin ƙasar ko waɗanda ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba. 

Sunan "Innu Meshkenu" ya fito daga yaren Innu kuma yana nufin "Hanyar Innu". 

## Makasudin Innu Meshkenu
Innu Meshkenu yana da nufin wayar da kan jama'ar Aboriginal game da manyan batutuwa guda biyu : juriyar makaranta da kuma kyawawan halaye na rayuwa mai kyau. Aikin yana kuma ƙoƙarin inganta asalin al'adun 'yan asalin ƙasar.  Domin cimma waɗannan manufofi, Stanley Vollant yana tsayawa a makarantu da sauran wuraren taruwa a cikin al'ummomin da yake ziyarta kuma yana haɗuwa da mutane na kowane zamani.

## Manazarta
George Best (mai ba da labari)

**George Best** (1555-1584) ya kasance memba na tafiye-tafiye na biyu da na uku na Martin Frobisher a matsayi na muhimmanci; a matsayin mataimakin Frobisher na biyu kuma a matsayin kyaftin na *Anne Francis* na uku. A shekara ta 1578 ya wallafa A True Discourse of the Late Voyages of Discoverie.

Shi dan Robert Best ne, mai fassara ga Kamfanin Muscovy, da Anne Bowman, kuma ɗan'uwan kyaftin din teku Thomas Best, da Henry wanda ƙila ya shiga cikin ayyukan da suka danganci *Magana ta Gaskiya*. Sir Christopher Hatton a matsayin mai tallafawa wanda aka zaba Best don shiga cikin daya daga cikin tafiye-tafiyen Frobisher.

An kashe Best a duel tare da Oliver St. Johnnbsp;, daga baya Mataimakin Ubangiji na Ireland, a kusa da Maris 1584. Daidaitaccen dalilin duel ɗin ba a bayyane yake ba, amma mai yiwuwa St. John mai fushi ne ya haifar da shi, wanda ya kira kansa "ɗan fushi".&nbsp;

## Ayyuka
*Magana ta Gaskiya*  ta tattauna Farko ta Frobisher, wanda Best bai shiga ba, da sauran biyu (1577 da 1578) inda ya kasance mai shaida.  Ya bayyana a cikin tarin bincike na Richard Hakluyt .  Daga baya, a sake buga kayan, Hakluyt ya cire wasu wurare, musamman wanda ke ba da shawarar cewa manufar binciken shine neman ma'adanai, maimakon Arewa maso Yammacin Hanyar.

## Haɗin waje

* 

## Manazarta
Mary Chandler

**Mary Chandler** (1687–1745) mawaƙiya ce 'yar Ingila. George Crabb ya rubuta cewa ta bar waƙoƙi da dama, "waɗanda suka fi daraja a cikinsu su ne *wankanta* ." 

## Rayuwa
An haife ta a Malmesbury, Wiltshire, ita ce babbar 'yar Henry Chandler, wani firist mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, daga baya a Bath, Somerset . Mahaifiyarta Miss Bridgman ce ta Marlborough, kuma Samuel Chandler ɗaya ne daga cikin 'yan'uwanta. A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, bayanta ya karkace, kuma lafiyarta ta yi rauni, amma ta kafa shagon sayar da kayan abinci a Bath a kusan 1705, lokacin da ba ta kai shekarun ƙuruciyarta ba, kuma ta rubuta tatsuniyoyi da waƙoƙi ga abokai.  Duk da nakasar da take da shi da kuma matsayinta na aji, ta saba da ƙungiyoyin Bath daban-daban, ciki har da Mrs. Boteler, Mrs. Moor, Lady Russell, da Duchess na Somerset. Kawar Jonathan Swift Mary Barber maƙwabciyarta ce, kuma ita ma abokiyar Elizabeth Rowe ce da Frances Seymour, Countess ta Hertford . Alexander Pope ya san kuma ya yaba wa waƙoƙinta. Ta mutu a ranar 11 ga Satumba, 1745. 

## Ayyuka
An bayyana bugu na farko na fitaccen aikinta, *A Description of Bath* (1733), a matsayin 'wasiƙa ga aboki' kuma an keɓe ta ga likitanta, Dr. Oliver. Bugu na biyu ya fito a shekara mai zuwa, wanda aka rubuta wa Gimbiya Amelia, tare da baitocin asali na Dr. Oliver an cire su an maye gurbinsu. An yi asarar a bugu na uku, wanda aka fitar a shekarar 1736, wanda ya haɗa da waƙa 'Ga Doctor Oliver, wanda ya gyara waƙar Bath dina'. Bugu na huɗu ya biyo baya a shekarar 1738, kuma na biyar a shekarar 1741. Wani mutum mai arziki, mai shekaru sittin, ya buga ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙinta, ya yi tafiya mil tamanin don ya gan ta, kuma, bayan ya sayi safar hannu daga gare ta, ya miƙa mata matarsa. Miss Chandler ta mayar da lamarin zuwa baiti, kuma bugu na shida na littafinta da aka kira a shekarar 1744, ya fito da ƙaramin taken, 'Wanda aka ƙara Gaskiya Tatsuniya, ta wannan Marubucin.' Bayan ta yi ritaya daga kasuwanci, ta fara waƙa 'On the Attributes of God,' amma ta bar shi ba a gama ba a mutuwarta. 

An buga bugu na bakwai na waƙoƙinta a shekarar 1755, kuma na takwas a shekarar 1767. Ta sadaukar da littafinta ga ɗan'uwanta John, kuma ɗan'uwanta Samuel ne ya rubuta 'Life' ɗinta, a cikin littafin Theophilus Cibber 's *Lives of the Poets* . 

## Manazarta
Paquita na Barrio

**Francisca Viveros Barradas** (2 ga Afrilu, 1946 - 17 ga Fabrairu, 2025), wacce aka fi sani da **Paquita la del Barrio**, mawaƙiya ce 'yar Mexico. Ta kasance mai rera wakokin Grammy a cikin waƙoƙin rancheras, boleros da sauran nau'ikan waƙoƙin gargajiya da na zamani na Mexico. 

Sau da yawa ana siffanta waƙoƙinta a matsayin ƙarfafawa ga mata a kan al'adun maza na Mexico masu nuna wariya ga maza da kuma " macho " da kuma sukar mazan Latino saboda haifar da matsaloli a dangantaka.  Wannan jigon ya kasance a cikin wasu daga cikin waƙoƙinta mafi shahara, kamar "Rata de dos patas", "Me saludas a la tuya" da "Tres veces te engañé", waɗanda suka zama waƙoƙin mata a Mexico. 

## Sana'a
Paquita ta fara aikinta a birnin Mexico a shekarar 1970, inda ta yi wasa a wani gidan cin abinci na gida a Colonia Guerrero, kuma magoya bayanta suka fara dawowa kowace mako don sauraron waƙarta.  A nan ne ta fara amfani da sunan dandamalinta, *Paquita la del Barrio* .  A farkon shekarun 1980, ta buɗe mashayar gidan cin abinci, Casa Paquita, a Colonia Guerrero, inda take yin wasa akai-akai har sai da hukumomin gundumar Cuauhtémoc suka rufe ta a shekarar 2006.   Babban hutunta ya zo ne a shekarar 1986, bayan ta yi wasa a wani shirin Televisa wanda ya fallasa ta ga masu sauraro da yawa; wannan ya haifar da kwangilar rikodi da Discos Musart . 

Waƙoƙi a cikin kundin tarihin Paquita galibi suna ɗaukar matsayin mata a kan al'adar maza masu son jinsi da " macho " ta Mexico waɗanda suka samo asali daga al'umma, sau da yawa suna nuna yatsa ga maza a rayuwarta a cikin waƙoƙin da ke haifar da matsaloli a cikin dangantaka, kuma gabaɗaya suna nuna su a matsayin tontos y bobos (masu wawaye da wawaye). [1] [2] Wannan jigon yana cikin wasu daga cikin waƙoƙinta mafi shahara, ciki har da " Rata de dos patas [es] ", "Me saludas a la tuya" da "Tres veces te engañé". [2] Wannan ya sa ta shahara musamman a tsakanin mata masu kallo. Paquita kuma an san ta da ɗan salon magana mai tawali'u, da kuma kasancewarta mai jayayya; kalmar da ta fi so ita ce ¿Me estás oyendo, inutil?, ko kuma "kana saurarona, kai ba ka da amfani?" ( ina nufin "mara amfani"), wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin waƙarta mai suna "Rata de dos patas" (wanda aka fassara zuwa "Bera Mai Kafa Biyu"). A bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Billboard Music Awards na 2021, lokacin da reguetonero da mawaƙiya Bad Bunny suka hau kan dandamali—don taimaka mata da makirufo mara kyau—ta (cikin ƙauna) ta gaya masa, Eres un inutil .

## Takaddama
Al'ummar LGBTQ sun soki mawakiyar lokacin da ta ce, a wata hira da ta yi a shekarar 2010, "Ya fi kyau marayu su mutu fiye da a ɗauke su a hannun dangin luwaɗi."  Bayan sukar da aka yi mata, ta nemi afuwa ga al'ummar LGBTQ kuma ta yi wani wasan kwaikwayo na musamman da kuma taron manema labarai a wani kulob na luwaɗi mai suna Spartacus Disco.  

### MANAZARTA
Sarah Henderson

**Sarah Moya Henderson** (an haife ta a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 1964)  'yar siyasa ce ta Australiya, lauya kuma tsohuwar 'yar jarida. Ta kasance Sanata a Victoria tun Satumba 2019, tana wakiltar Jam'iyyar Liberal . Ta taɓa riƙe da Sashen Corangamite a Majalisar Wakilai daga 2013 zuwa 2019.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Henderson a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 1964 a Geelong, Victoria .  Mahaifiyarta Ann Henderson (née Corben) ta kasance ministan gwamnatin jihar Liberal a cikin shekarun 1990, yayin da mahaifinta Michael Henderson ya yi aiki a matsayin magajin gari na Birnin Newtown kuma dan takarar Liberal ne wanda bai yi nasara ba a majalisar dokokin jihar.

Henderson ta fara karatunta a Kwalejin Zuciya Mai Tsarki a Geelong . Ta koma Kwalejin Geelong a shekarar 1977, ba da daɗewa ba bayan ta zama co-educational, kuma ta zama kyaftin din makaranta na farko.

## Jarida
A shekara ta 1982, Henderson ya zama mai ba da rahoto tare da Channel 7 a Melbourne. Ta ci gaba da aiki tare da Channel 9 a Brisbane sannan Channel 10 a Melbourne, inda ta gabatar da labarai na karshen mako tare da Alister Paterson. Ta koma ABC-TV inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai gabatar da shirin bayar da shawarwari na masu amfani The Investigators. Ayyukanta na kafofin watsa labarai sun haɗa da aiki a matsayin mai gabatar da shirin hutun ABC (1992-1993) da Australia's Most Wanted a cikin 1994, kuma ita ce mai gabatar da rahoton Victorian na Rahoton 7.30 a cikin 1995. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] [ana buƙatar hujja] [ana buƙatar hujja] [ana buƙatar hujja]

Lokacin da *Rahoton 7.30* ya zama shirin kasa a shekarar 1996, ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan dokar shirin kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta Walkley  saboda yadda ta yi la'akari da Kisan kiyashi na Port Arthur. A shekara ta 1998, ta sami digiri na farko a fannin shari'a daga Jami'ar Monash kuma ta koma aiki a fannin lauya tare da kamfanin Melbourne Arthur Robinson &amp;amp; Hedderwicks. Ta yi aiki a matsayin lauya ga Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai kuma ta kasance mai ba da labari na mako-mako tare da jaridar *Herald Sun* daga 2002 zuwa 2004. A lokaci guda, ta kafa Kudos Management Group wanda ya haifar da matsayin gudanar da kasuwanci tare da Network Ten da National Indigenous Television. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]

A shekara ta 2003, Henderson ta dauki bakuncin Kyautar Kasuwancin Ethnic, wanda shine lambar yabo ta kasuwanci ta kasa da ke nuna ƙwarewar ƙaura da 'yan asalin ƙasar a cikin kasuwanci.

## Manazarta
Thomas Blundeville

**Thomas Blundeville** (c. 1522 - c. 1606) marubuci ne na ɗan adam na Ingilishi kuma masanin lissafi. An san shi da aiki a kan tunani, ilimin taurari, ilimi da horar da doki, da kuma fassarori daga Italiyanci. Abubuwan da yake so sun kasance masu yawa kuma suna da manufofi masu amfani, kuma ya daidaita da dama daga cikin ayyukan da ya fassara.

Ya kasance marubuci na farko a Turanci a wurare da yawa, kuma mai kirkirar kayan aikin lissafi na aji, mai tsinkaye.

## Rayuwa
Ya zauna a matsayin dan kasar a gidansa a Newton Flotman, a Norfolk . Ya gaji daga mahaifinsa Edward Blundeville a shekara ta 1568, bayan da ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Cambridge.

Yana da alaƙa da ƙungiyoyin kotu, da masu ilimin kimiyya na London. Ya kasance abokin Henry Briggs, a Kwalejin Gresham, kuma ya ji daɗin tallafawa Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, da sauran aristocrats.

Sauran alamomi game da rayuwarsa sun fi rauni. An ba da shawarar cewa a matsayin "T. B." ya kara waƙar ga *Agamemnon* na John Studley;  Jasper Heywood ne ya ambaci shi, a cikin gabatarwar *Thyestes* na 1560, a matsayin mai fassara na Plutarch.  Daga wannan an yi jayayya cewa yana da alaƙa da Inns of Court. Wataƙila ya yi tafiya zuwa Italiya, ƙididdiga daga saninsa da wallafe-wallafen Italiyanci. Ya kasance mai koyar da lissafi, ga iyalai ciki har da na Nicholas Bacon da Francis Wyndham; kuma Cecil na iya ba da shawarar Blundeville zuwa Leicester. W. W. Rouse Ball ya ba da kwanan wata na mutuwar 1595, kuma yana iya haɗawa da masu lissafi: "Thomas Blundeville ya kasance mazaunin Cambridge a daidai lokacin da Dee da Digges - mai yiwuwa ya kasance dalibi ne wanda ba na kwaleji ba, kuma idan haka dole ne ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin na ƙarshe daga cikinsu. "

Ya yi aure sau biyu, kuma an kashe magajinsa Andrew a yaƙe-yaƙe na Flemish. 'Yarsa Elizabeth ta auri Rowland Meyrick, ɗan Sir Gelli Meyrick wanda ya kasance mai kula da Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl na Essex kuma ya kama shi a cikin faduwarsa.

## Rubuce-rubuce

### Ayyuka na farko
Ya yi fassarar aya ta *Moralia* na Plutarch, wanda Roger Ascham ya kara ayoyi. Ya bayyana a matsayin Three Moral Treatises a cikin 1561, aikinsa na farko, don nuna alamar Elizabeth I, wanda aka keɓe ɗaya daga cikin ɓangarorin. Wani kuma an sadaukar da shi ga ma'aikatan kotu John Harington da John Astley . 

Littafinsa game da hawan doki, The arte of ryding and breakinge greate horses, an buga shi game da 1560 kuma shine aikin farko kan hawan doka da aka buga a Turanci. Fassara ce da aka taƙaita kuma an daidaita ta, an yi ta ne bisa ga shawarar John Astley, na *Gli ordini di cavalcare* na Federico Grisone, kuma an tsara shi don amfani da dawakai a yaƙi. Ya bi shi tare da ofisoshin shugabanni na hudu na Horsemanshippe (1565-6), wanda ya haɗa da fassarar Grisone tare da wasu litattafai. Gabriel Harvey ya yaba da shi a matsayin "Xenophontean"

## Manazarta