Germaine Berton

**Germaine Berton** (7 ga Yuni 1902, a Puteaux - 6 ga Yuli 1942, a Paris ) 'yar Faransa ce mai tsattsauran ra'ayi kuma mai rajin kare haƙƙin 'yan kasuwa . An san ta da kisan gillar Marius Plateau, editan mujallar Action Française kuma shugaba a ƙungiyar sarakunan Camelots du Roi, a watan Janairun 1923. Henry Torrès ya kare Germaine Berton a lokacin shari'arta kuma masu tsattsauran ra'ayi sun yi amfani da hotunanta a wasu ayyukan fasaha. Duk da ikirarin da ta yi, an wanke Berton a ranar 24 ga Disamba 1923.

Berton ya daina hulɗa da ƙungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi bayan kama shi da aka yi a shekarar 1924. A shekarar 1925, Berton ya auri Paul Burger, mai zane kafin ya bar shi a shekarar 1935 don René Coillot, wani firinta. Ta mutu a shekarar 1942 saboda yawan shan ƙwayoyi da gangan .

## Yarinta
An haifi Germaine Jeanne Yvonne Berton a Puteaux a ranar 7 ga Yuni, 1902, a cikin dangin ma'aikata . Mahaifinta ƙwararren makaniki ne, ɗan Republican, Freemason, mai bin Jean Jaurès kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin malamai.   Mahaifiyarta malamar coci ce. Ta hanyar mahaifinta, Germaine ta haɗu da Jean Jaurès tun tana ƙarama. Germaine tana da kyakkyawar alaƙa da mahaifinta amma dangantaka mai wahala da mahaifiyarta. 

A shekarar 1912, iyalan Berton suka ƙaura zuwa Tours . An san Germaine a matsayin ɗaliba mai kyau a wannan lokacin, inda ta kammala karatun firamare kafin ta halarci Makarantar Fasaha ta Yawon Bude Ido . A wannan lokacin, ta sami kyautar farko ta zane-zanen gani. Bayan mutuwar mahaifinta, Germaine ta bar karatunta ta zama ma'aikaciyar masana'anta.  

A shekarar 1915, bayan ta cika shekara 13, Germaine ta kamu da son wani soja wanda daga baya ya mutu a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya . Sai ta yi ƙoƙarin kashe kanta ba tare da nasara ba ta hanyar jefa kanta cikin Loire . Daga baya Germaine ta ambaci wannan a matsayin farkon imaninta na kin jinin soja . 

## Sana'ar ƙwararru da kuma aikin soja
Bayan mutuwar mahaifinta, Germaine Berton ta fara aiki a wani masana'antar kayan aiki ta Amurka da ke Tours, Faransa. [1] A can, ta shiga ƙungiyar ƙwadago: Union des syndicats d'Indre et Loire (Kwamitin Juyin Juya Halin Syndicates d'Indre et Loire), wani rukuni na babban Kwamitin Tsaron Jama'a na Yawon Shakatawa. A lokacin mulkinta, an kama Germaine saboda fafutukar neman tashin hankali a lokacin jawabanta. Daga baya aka ɗauke ta aiki a tarurrukan bita na jirgin ƙasa na Tours inda Berton ta tuntuɓi Confédération Générale du Travail-Syndicalist Révolutionnaire (CGT) kuma ta shiga Kwamitin Tsaron Ƙungiyar ƙwadago. A can ta taimaka wajen sake kafa Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Ƙarfe ta Yawon Shakatawa kafin a kore ta daga aikinta na yanzu a masana'antar Rimailho da ke Saint-Pierre-des-Corps kuma aka yi mata laƙabi da "budurwa baƙar fata" saboda aikinta na ƙungiyar. [1] [2]

A shekarar 1920, Germaine ta zama mataimakiyar sakatare a Kwamitin Yawon Bude Ido na Kungiyar Kwadago ta Juyin Juya Hali, ta yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin memba na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Faransa (PFC), kuma ta rubuta labarai da ke kira da a yi tashin hankali a cikin jaridar Le Réveil d'Indre-et-Loire. Germaine ta yi aiki a matsayin mai sayar da jaridu a lokacin, tana da niyyar ƙaddamar da mujallarta mai suna De l'acte individuel à l'acte collectif, inda ta kare manufofinta na ɗaukar mataki kai tsaye da ɗaukar fansa a zamantakewa. Daga nan Germaine ta shiga ƙungiyar Anarchist Union of Paris inda ta ci gaba da rubutu game da manufofin yaƙi da 'yan ta'adda kuma ta ƙarfafa ayyukan juyin juya hali. Wani labarin da aka rubuta a cikin Le Réveil d'Indre-et-Loire ya jawo hankalin 'yan sanda lokacin da Berton ya yi kira ga sojoji su yi watsi da gwamnati, musamman yana cewa:  

## Hotunan Hotuna

Fayil:Dessin_de_Germaine_Berton_dans_Le_Matin_du_25_décembre_1923.png|alt=| Zane na Germaine Berton a cikin *Le Matin* (25 Disamba 1923)
Fayil:Germaine_Berton_dans_Le_Libertaire_du_26_décembre_1923.png|alt=| Hoton Germaine Berton a *Le Libertaire* (26 Disamba 1923)
Fayil:Dessin_de_Germaine_Berton_dans_L'Humanité_du_23_décembre_1923.png|alt=| Hoton Germaine Berton a cikin *L'Humanité* (23 Disamba 1923)
Fayil:Dessin_de_Germaine_Berton_dans_Le_Petit_Journal_du_20_décembre_1923.png|alt=| Zane na Germaine Berton a cikin *Le Matin* (23 Disamba 1923)


## Manazarta