Les Anneaux de la Mémoire

Kungiyar Les Anneaux de la mémoire (a zahiri The Rings of Memory a Turanci) ƙungiya ce a ƙarƙashin dokar Faransa . Manufarta ita ce ta kara sanin tarihin cinikin bayi da bautar da sakamakonsu na yanzu, a cikin hangen nesa na yin gwaji tsakanin wasu da yawa, na aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya wanda ka'idar ta kasance don yin, don inganta musayar, daidaitawa da daidaito, tsakanin al'ummomin Afirka, Amurka da Turai. Zobba na Memory suna haɓaka da aiwatar da nune-nunen, wallafe-wallafen, ayyukan al'adu a matakin gida da na duniya. Ka'idodin da aka raba (yanci, girmamawa, daidaito, hadin kai) da kuma neman ingancin kimiyya a cikin tsarinsa ga gaskiyar tarihi, zamantakewa da tattalin arziki sun haifar da duk ayyukan ƙungiyar a yau. Suna cikin asalin ayyukan al'adu da yawa, tarurruka na kasa da kasa da kuma tarurruka, wallafe-wallafen, ayyukan ilimi da ayyukan ci gaban al'adu le yawon bude ido da yawa, a cikin tsarin ayyukan da aka gina tare da masu magana daga nahiyoyi uku.

Zobba na Memory suna haɓaka da aiwatar da nune-nunen, wallafe-wallafen, ayyukan al'adu a matakin gida da na duniya. Ka'idodin da aka raba (yanci, girmamawa, daidaito, hadin kai) da kuma neman ingancin kimiyya a cikin tsarinsa ga gaskiyar tarihi, zamantakewa da tattalin arziki sun haifar da duk ayyukan ƙungiyar a yau. Suna cikin asalin ayyukan al'adu da yawa, tarurruka na kasa da kasa da kuma tarurruka, wallafe-wallafen, ayyukan ilimi da ayyukan ci gaban al'adu le yawon bude ido da yawa, a cikin tsarin ayyukan da aka gina tare da masu magana daga nahiyoyi uku.

## Tarihi
Da yake so su rabu da musun abin da ya gabata, waɗanda suka kafa zoben ƙwaƙwalwar sun so su shiga cikin buƙatar fuskantar tunanin da ya gabata.

An haifi kungiyar ne a Nantes a shekarar 1991. Ayyukansa na farko sun shafi Birnin Nantes, tashar kasuwanci ta Faransa ta farko a karni na 18, da yankin ta. A shekara ta 1992, kungiyar ta shirya baje kolin The Rings of Memory wanda daga baya ya riƙe sunansa. Wannan nune-nunen zai kasance babban nasara, tare da baƙi sama da 400,000 a kan wani batu mai mahimmanci kuma ya wuce birnin Nantes kadai. Yana nuna muhimmiyar canji a cikin aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da aka gudanar a Nantes, Faransa da kuma duniya ta Atlantic. Masu bincike, masana tarihi da 'yan ƙasa har yanzu suna da wahayi zuwa gare ta. Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen karɓar tarihi a Faransa da kuma duniya game da fataucin mutane da bautar.

**Ma'anar sunan "The Rings of Memory":**

Zobba na Tunawa alama ce ta kayan aikin hana fursunoni a kan jiragen ruwa da mutanen da aka bautar a gonaki amma kuma sarkar tarihi da ke haɗa mutane ta hanyar lokaci da nahiyoyi kuma a ƙarshe kawance da musayar mutane cikin girmamawa da alheri.

## Nunin tushe The Rings of Memory
A shekara ta 1985 taron tattaunawa na bautar ya tara a Jami'ar Nantes fiye da mutum ɗari na al'ummar kimiyya ta duniya. Wannan shi ne karo na farko a Faransa da aka shirya zanga-zangar irin wannan girman. 1985 kuma tana murna da cika shekaru uku na Code Noir na Colbert . A cikin waɗannan abubuwan biyu, ƙungiyar Les Anneaux de la mémoire ta kirkira ta Nantais da ke damuwa don karya shiru a cikin waɗannan ƙarni na tarihin mulkin mallaka na Faransa. An kafa zoben ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a hukumance a matsayin ƙungiya a cikin 1901 a watan Fabrairun 1991.

Tsakanin Disamba 1992 da Mayu 1994, tare da goyon bayan karamar hukumar lokacin, ƙungiyar ta shirya a Château des Ducs de Bretagne baje kolin The Rings of Memory, baje kolin duniya mafi girma da aka taɓa gudanarwa akan wannan taken. Nunin ya gano tarihin cinikin da Turawa suka yi daga karni na 15 zuwa 19. Nunin ya karbi baƙi 400,000 kuma, godiya ga goyon bayan UNESCO da shirinsa "The Slave Route" a yau "Hanyar Bautar" tana da tasiri na duniya. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ƙungiyar ta faɗaɗa ayyukanta ta hanyar ninka ayyukanta a Faransa da ƙasashen waje, da nufin matasa da kuma jama'a da masu bincike da aka fara a binciken tarihi.

Tun daga shekara ta 1994, bayan baje kolin da aka yi a gidan sarakuna na Brittany The Rings of Memory, ƙungiyoyin Nantes (Rings of Memory), Memory of Overseas, Métis a Nantes, da dai sauransu) sun fara aiki don wayar da kan jama'a da kuma karfafa kananan hukumomi don inganta kirkirar babban gidan kayan gargajiya na duniya na fataucin mutane da bautar bayi a Nantes. Garin Nantes ya yanke shawarar gina wani abin tunawa da kawar da bautar, wanda aka kaddamar a shekarar 2012, yana fuskantar kotun, a bakin kogin Loire.

## Laburaren Zobba na Tunawa

### Litattafan Zobba na Tunawa
A cikin 1999, Association des Anneaux de la Mémoire ta kirkiro wani bita na shekara-shekara: Cahiers des anneaux de l' Mémoire wanda ke bincika jigogi na cinikin bayi, bautar da sakamakonsa na zamani tare da niyyar ba da gudummawa ga buƙatar aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya wanda aka tabbatar a wannan lokacin a cikin al'ummar Faransa.

Kowane kundin ya ƙunshi labaran goma zuwa goma sha biyar da masu bincike na kasa da kasa suka rubuta a fannin bil'adama da kuma 'yan wasan farar hula. Cahiers des Anneaux de la mémoire wuri ne don tarurruka, tattaunawa da muhawara tsakanin masu bincike na duniya, matasa ko tabbatarwa, Turawa, 'yan Afirka, Amurkawa, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Tekun Indiya. Kungiyar tana fatan cewa wannan mujallar za ta zama dandalin tattaunawa ga matasa masu bincike na Afirka, waɗanda aikin su sau da yawa ba a rarraba su sosai ba. Wannan aikin wallafe-wallafen yana da mahimmanci ga aikin ƙungiyar kuma yana amsawa ga sha'awarta ta watsawa da rarraba bincike kan waɗannan jigogi.

Manufar wannan littafin ta ninki biyu:

Taimaka wa masana tarihi don gina tarihin duniya da na kimiyya: ta hanyar tattarawa da rarraba ayyukan bincike kan cinikin bayi na Atlantic; ta hanyar ƙarfafa bincike a wasu hanyoyin kasuwanci, ƙasa da teku; ta hanyar nazarin ginin da juyin halitta na tsarin bayi.Don ba da gudummawa ga wayar da kan jama'a game da duk abubuwan da tarihin bautar da mulkin mallaka ya bar mu: yin tambaya game da samfuran da cibiyoyin da aka haifa daga waɗannan rikice-rikicen; auna gudummawar da ta gabata ga gina alamun al'adunmu; bincika alamun waɗannan raunin da ke tattare a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa da kuma ƙarfin gine-ginen ainihi.ta hanyar yin tambaya game da dindindin a cikin duniyar zamani, na wakilcin ƙarya da aka gada daga tarihi.Edita: Jean-Marc Masseaut

Takardun da aka buga:

Cinikin bayi, tarihinsa, ƙwaƙwalwarsa, tasirinsa - 1999 Bautar da Bautar a cikin Tekun Indiya - 2000 Ciniki da Bautar da ke cikin Duniya na Lusophone; Juyin Juya Halin Faransa da Bautar; Tattaunawa A yau - 2001 Milkings a Afirka; Black Pirates da Sailors na Milking - 2002 Mata a cikin Cinikin da Bautar - 2003 Haiti: Raw kayan - 2004 Haiti a cikin duniya - 2004 Cuba - 2005 Daga Afirka zuwa Gabas ta Tsakiya - Yanayin Turai - Yanayin Afirka na Tsakiya - Turai - Yanki na Tsakiya na Turai - Yanayi na Tsakiya

### Katalogin nune-nunen
The Rings of Memory yana buga kundin nune-nunen da kuma aiki ga duk masu sauraro.

## Ƙirƙirar Nunin Kayayyaki

## Ayyukan al'adu, ayyukan ilimi, tallafi & hidima

Kungiyar *The Rings of Memory* na gudanar da ayyukan wayar da kai da suka shafi jama'a gaba ɗaya, musamman matasa, domin saukaka fahimtar tarihi da ilimin koyarwa kan cinikin bayi, bautar da mutane da kuma tasirinta a yau. Yanzu haka, kungiya na bayar da ayyuka da dama da suka shafi waɗannan batutuwa.

### Zagayen jagoranci «A kan sawun tashar bayi ta Nantes»

Kungiyar na ba daliban makaranta da kungiyoyin manya zagayen yawon shakatawa na jagoranci a tsakiyar birnin Nantes, don gano tarihin cinikin bayi da tarihi na birnin da tasharta, gine-ginen birnin, da kuma dangantakar da 'yan siyasa da 'yan kasuwa na ƙarni na 18 da 19 ke da shi da batun ciniki, bauta da soke bauta. Hakanan ana tattauna batutuwan tarihin tunawa daga ƙarni na 19 – 20 – 21. Ana yin wannan yawon shakatawa bisa bukata.

### Nune-nunen da ke motsi

Kungiyar *The Rings of Memory* na bayar da kayan aiki da shiryayye masu motsi da suka shafi tarihin cinikin bayi na tekun Atlantika, bauta da tasirinta. Wadannan nune-nunen ana iya hayarsu:

• Nunin tarihin cinikin bayi a Tekun Atlantika da bautar mallaka, gwagwarmaya da tasirinta (wani lokaci na nuna wariya da cin zarafi, bautar zamani)

• Nunin tarihi da gadon al’adu na cinikin bayi a Turai, Afirka da ƙasar Caribbean

• Nunin tarihin ƙasar Haiti

### Takardun koyarwa

Tun daga shekarar 2015, kungiyar ke fitar da takardun koyarwa ga yara masu shekaru 5 zuwa sama da ɗaliban sakandare masu shekaru 12 zuwa sama. Wadannan takardu na ɗauke da batutuwa da suka shafi ilimin ƙasa, tarihi, al’adu da halittu. Ana samun takardun a shafin yanar gizon kungiyar ko a ofishinta.

### Tattaunawa da jama'a

*The Rings of Memory* na gudanar da tattaunawa da jama'a bisa bukata. Masu magana su ne mambobin kungiyar, masana tarihi, masu fafutuka ko masu ruwa da tsaki da suka kware a wannan fanni.

### Kwarewa da tsarin nuni na gidan tarihi

Kungiyar *The Rings of Memory* na gudanar da ayyukan ƙwarewa da tsara nune-nunen gidan tarihi daban-daban. Tuni kungiyar ke aiwatar da nune-nune da ayyukan adana tarihi tsawon shekaru talatin.

## Taron bita, tarukan kimiyya da ganawa na masana

Domin ci gaba da aikin tunawa da aka fara tun 1991, kungiyar The Rings of Memory na shirya da kuma halartar tarukan kimiyya domin haɓaka da yada ilimi da bincike kan tarihin cinikin bayi na zamanin mulkin mallaka da tasirinsa. Ana shirya waɗannan taruka lokaci zuwa lokaci.

Wasu misalan abubuwan da kungiyar ta shirya sun haɗa da:

Cibiyar Nazarin Rings of Memory (CEAM)

A shekarar 2002, kungiyar tare da Jami’ar Nantes sun kafa cibiyar nazari da aka keɓe don bincike a bangarori biyu: na farko, kan cinikin bayi na Tekun Atlantika da bauta; na biyu kuma, kan cinikin bayi da bauta gabaɗaya cikin tarihin bil’adama. Ana shirya jerin taruka na shekara-shekara da suka kasance a bude ga jama'a har zuwa 2012. Daga 2002 zuwa 2009, CEAM ta shirya bitar horar da sabbin masu binciken tarihi, tare da halarta a Campus numérique juridique international CODES (Campus Ouvert, Droit, Éthique et Société).

### Shirya tarukan kasa da kasa

Kungiyar na shirya tarurruka na kasa da kasa da nufin bunkasa dangantaka da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Turai, Afirka da Amurka.

Wasu daga cikin tarukan da aka gudanar:

- 1993: «L'Afrique des interrogations» a Nantes (Faransa)  
- 1994: «The new Europe-Americas trade: the Caribbean way» a Nantes (Faransa)  
- 1997: «The legacy of the past: five centuries of Europe-Africa-Americas relations» a Dakar (Senegal)  
- 2005: Kwarewar mulkin mallaka - Sauyin hulɗa a yankunan Atlantika a zamanin bauta (ƙarni na 15 – 19) a Nantes (Faransa) – A haɗin gwiwa da EHESS na birnin Paris.  
- 2009: “Ciniki da Bauta” a Bamendjinda, Kamaru. – Taron bita da aka shirya domin buɗe Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha, Al'adu da Bauta na Bamendjinda.  
- 2019: «Memories of the civil wars» a Cholet (Faransa) – A haɗin gwiwa da Gidajen Tarihi na Cholet, Jami’ar Nantes, da Jami’ar Katolika ta Yammacin Faransa.  
- 2022: «ESCLAVAGES, des traites aux émancipations, trente ans de recherche historique» a Nantes (Faransa) – A haɗin gwiwa da CRHIA na Jami’ar Nantes.

## Manazarta

## Mahaɗa
* (Fr) The Shackles of Memory Association's Official Website.
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