Juyin mulkin Nijar 2023

A ranar 26 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2023, sojoji daga masu gadin fadar shugaban ƙasar, Nijar suka tsare shugaba Mohamed Bazoum, yayin da kuma wasu gungun sojoji suka sanar da hambarar da shi, suka kuma rufe iyakokin ƙasar, suka dakatar da hukumomin gwamnati tare da ayyana, dokar ta-baci yayin da suke sanar da kafa gwamnatin mulkin soja.

Wannan dai shi ne karo na biyar da sojoji suka yi juyin mulki tun bayan samun ƴancin kai a shekarar 1960.

## Fage
Kafin juyin mulkin, a baya ƙasar Nijar ta sha juyin mulkin soji har sau huɗu tun bayan samun ƴancin kai daga Faransa a shekarar 1960, inda na ƙarshe ya kasance a shekarar 2010. A tsakanin, an kuma yi yunkurin juyin mulki da dama, wanda na baya bayan nan shi ne a shekarar 2021, lokacin da ‘yan adawar soji suka yi yunƙurin kwace fadar shugaban ƙasar kwanaki biyu gabanin rantsar da zababben shugaban ƙasa na wancan lokaci Bazoum, wanda shi ne shugaban kasar na farko da ya karbi mulki daga hannun zababben shugaban kasar ta hanyar dimokuradiyya.  Har ila yau, juyin mulkin ya zo ne bayan irin abubuwan da suka faru a kasashe makwabta irin su Guinea, Mali da Burkina Faso tun daga shekara ta 2020, wanda ya kai ga kiran yankin da sunan "zaman juyin mulki".

Manazarta sun ce tsadar rayuwa da kuma yadda ake ganin gazawar gwamnati da cin hanci da rashawa ne suka haddasa tayar da ƙayar baya.  Kasar dai tana yawan matsayi a kasa a kididdigar ci gaban bil'adama ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya  kuma ta sha fama da tashe-tashen hankula a karkashin jagorancin Al-Qaeda, Islamic State da Boko Haram,  duk da cewa sojojinta na samun horo da tallafin kayan aiki daga Amurka da Faransa, wadanda ke da sansani a can.

A shekara ta 2022, ƙasar ta zama cibiyar yaki da jihadi na Faransa a yankin Sahel bayan korar ta daga Mali da Burkina Faso, inda aka bayyana Bazoum a matsayin daya daga cikin 'yan tsirarun shugabannin da ke goyon bayan kasashen yamma a yankin.  Tare da juyin mulki da dama da kuma karuwar kyamar Faransa a yankin, Nijar ta zama abokiyar kawancen Faransa ta karshe. An kuma bayar da rahoton cewa, jami’an da Amurka ta horas da su sun horar da da yawa daga cikin jami’an tsaron fadar shugaban kasar.

## Abubuwan da suka faru

A safiyar ranar 26 ga watan Yuli, shafin Twitter na fadar shugaban ƙasar Nijar ya sanar da cewa jami'an tsaron fadar shugaban ƙasa,  ƙarƙashin jagorancin Janar Omar Tchiani  sun gudanar da zanga-zangar kin jinin Jamhuriyar Jama'a kuma suka yi kokarin "a banza" don samun goyon bayan sauran jami'an tsaro.  Har ila yau, an ce shugaba Mohamed Bazoum da iyalansa suna cikin koshin lafiya bayan da rahotanni suka bayyana cewa yana tsare a fadar shugaban kasa da ke Yamai babban birnin kasar .  An kuma kama ministan cikin gida Hamadou Souley kuma aka tsare shi a cikin fadar, yayin da aka hangi kusan jami'an tsaron fadar shugaban ƙasa ashirin a waje da rana.  Rahotanni sun ce Tchiani ne ya jagoranci juyin mulkin, wanda masu sharhi suka ce Bazoum ya yi niyyar sauke shi daga mukaminsa. 

Da safe ne dai aka rufe fadar da ma’aikatun da ke kusa da fadar da motocin sojoji, sannan an hana ma’aikatan fadar shiga ofisoshinsu. Magoya bayan farar hula 400  na Bazoum ne suka yi kokarin tunkarar fadar, amma jami’an tsaron fadar shugaban kasar sun tarwatsa su da harbin bindiga, inda daya ya jikkata. A wani wurin kuma a birnin Yamai an bayyana lamarin a matsayin kwanciyar hankali.  Fadar shugaban kasar ta kuma yi ikirarin cewa an gudanar da zanga-zangar nuna goyon baya ga Bazoum a kewayen ofisoshin diflomasiyyar kasar da ke ketare. 

Dangane da wadannan abubuwan ne sojojin Nijar suka yi wa fadar shugaban kasa kawanya tare da goyon bayan Bazoum. Rundunar ta kuma fitar da wata sanarwa inda ta ce ta samu “manyan muhimman wurare” a kasar. Fadar shugaban kasar ta bayyana cewa sojoji da dakarun tsaron kasar a shirye suke su kai farmaki kan masu gadin fadar. BBC ta kuma ruwaito cewa dakarun da ke biyayya ga gwamnatin sun yi wa gidan rediyon jihar ORTN kawanya.  Ofishin jakadancin Amurka ya yi gargadi game da tafiya a kan Yamai ta Boulevard de la Republique,  inda fadar shugaban kasa take.
Amma da maraice, Rundunar Sojan Sama Kanar-Major  Amadou Abdramane ya tafi gidan talabijin na gwamnati Télé Sahel yana mai da'awar cewa an cire Shugaba Bazoum daga mulki tare da sanar da kafa Majalisar Tsaro ta Kasa .  A zaune tare da wasu jami’ai tara sanye da kakin kakin jami’an tsaro daban-daban,  ya ce jami’an tsaro da na tsaro sun yanke shawarar hambarar da gwamnatin “saboda tabarbarewar tsaro da rashin shugabanci na gari.  Ya kuma sanar da rusa kundin tsarin mulkin kasar, da dakatar da hukumomin gwamnati, da rufe iyakokin kasar, da kuma dokar hana fita daga karfe 22:00 zuwa 05:00 agogon kasar, inda ya yi gargadi kan duk wani tsoma bakin kasashen waje.   Gwamnatin mulkin sojan kasar ta fitar da wani tsawatawa ga Faransa kan keta dokar rufe sararin samaniyar bayan da wani jirgin soji ya sauka a wani sansanin sojin da safiyar yau. 

A safiyar ranar 27 ga Yuli, Bazoum ya wallafa a shafinsa na twitter cewa 'yan Nijar masu kaunar dimokuradiyya za su ga cewa "za a kiyaye nasarorin da aka samu da wahala".  Ministan harkokin wajen kasar Hassoumi Massoudou ya shaidawa kafar yada labaran Faransa ta 24 cewa, ikon kasar yana nan kan shugaban kasar, ya kuma kara da cewa Bazoum na cikin koshin lafiya kuma sojojin kasar ba su da hannu a ciki.  Ya kuma ayyana kansa a matsayin shugaban kasa kuma ya yi kira ga duk masu neman dimokradiyya da su “sa wannan kasada ta gaza”.

Rundunar sojojin Nijar ta fitar da wata sanarwa mai dauke da sa hannun babban hafsan hafsan sojin kasar Janar Abdou Sidikou Issa, inda kuma ta bayyana goyon bayanta ga juyin mulkin, yana mai nuni da bukatar kiyaye mutuncin shugaban kasar da iyalansa tare da kaucewa "mummunan fada...wanda zai iya haifar da zubar da jini da kuma shafar tsaron jama'a."  A wani jawabi da ya yi a gidan talabijin jim kadan bayan Kanar Abdramane ya sanar da cewa za a dakatar da duk wasu harkokin jam'iyyun siyasa a kasar har sai wani lokaci.

Wata zanga-zangar ta gudana tare da magoya bayan juyin mulkin da ke daga tutocin kasar Rasha, inda suka bayyana goyon bayansu ga kungiyar Wagner, da kuma jifa da duwatsu kan motar dan siyasar da ke wucewa. Babu rahoton jikkata.  Masu zanga-zangar sun kuma yi tir da kasancewar Faransa da sauran sansanonin kasashen waje. Wasu masu zanga-zangar sun taru a wajen hedkwatar jam’iyyar PNDS-Trayya ta Bazoum, inda faifan bidiyo ke nuna yadda suke jifa da kona motoci.

## Martani

ECOWAS ta yi kokarin tattaunawa da ‘yan adawa amma ta kasa. An ce magabacin Bazoum a matsayin shugaban ƙasa, Mahamadou Issoufou, da kuma wasu tsaffin shugabannin sun shiga cikin tattaunawar. 

An yi Allah wadai da juyin mulkin da Bankin Duniya, Tarayyar Afirka, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Aljeriya, Tarayyar Turai, Faransa da Amurka, suka yi kira da a gaggauta sakin Bazoum. Shugaban kasar Benin Patrice Talon, wanda ya je Nijar a madadin kungiyar ECOWAS domin tattaunawa, ya kira juyin mulkin da "rashin halayya ta sojoji".  Gamayyar siyasar jamhuriyar Nijar ta yi Allah wadai da juyin mulkin da cewa " hauka ce ta kisan kai da kuma nuna adawa da jamhuriya.

A ranar 10 ga Agusta, 2023, Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka (ECOWAS) ta yanke shawarar ci gaba da rike zabin tsoma bakin soja a Nijar. ta haka ne za a share fagen tattaro rundunar da ya kamata ta kunshi sojojin Najeriya da na Senegal.https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1472546/politique/coup-detat-au-niger-la-cedeao-retient-loption-militaire/.

## Bincike
Juyin mulkin shi ne na bakwai da ya faru a yammacin Afirka da tsakiyar Afirka tun daga shekarar 2020. 

Cameron Hudson, babban jami'i a cibiyar kula da dabaru da nazarin kasa da kasa, ya ce juyin mulkin zai iya yin tasiri a yakin da Nijar ke yi da 'yan ta'addar Islama, inda ya kara da cewa alamu na nuna cewa sojojin Nijar din ba su ji dadin irin tallafin da suke samu na yaki da 'yan ta'adda ba.  Ulf Laessing, shugaban shirin Sahel a gidauniyar Konrad Adenauer, ya ce juyin mulkin ya kasance "mafarki" ga yammacin duniya, wanda ya la'anci Bazoum da Nijar a matsayin "sabon tsaro" a yankin. 

## Bayanan kula


## Manazarta