Sheina Marshall

**Sheina Macalister Marshall** OBE FRSE FRS (20 April 1896 – 7 April 1977) was a Scottish marine biologist who studied plant and animal plankton. She was an authority on the copepod Calanus. She worked at the Marine Biological Station at Millport, Cumbrae in Scotland from 1922-1964.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Sheina Marshall a ranar 20 ga Afrilu 1896 a Rothesay, Scotland, 'yar ta biyu cikin uku, ga Jean Colville (née Binnie, *An haife ta* 1861/2) da John Nairn Marshall (an haife ta a 1860) na Dutsen Stuart House .  Mahaifin Marshall, babban likita, yana da sha'awar Tarihin halitta kuma ya karfafa sha'awar 'ya'yansa mata game da batun.

Da farko Marshall ta sami ilimi daga masu kula, daga baya ta halarci Kwalejin Rothesay da Makarantar St Margaret a Polmont. A shekara ta 1914 ta shiga Jami'ar Glasgow don yin karatu don BSc a cikin Zoology, botany da physiology. Bayan katsewa a karatunta saboda yakin duniya na farko ta kammala karatu tare da girmamawa a shekarar 1919.  Ta gudanar da Carnegie Fellowship a Jami'ar daga 1920 zuwa 1922 kuma ta yi aiki tare da farfesa na Ilimin dabbobi, John Graham Kerr . 

## Ayyuka
A shekara ta 1922, ta yi aiki a Marine Biological Station a Millport a tsibirin Cumbrae inda ta yi aiki har tsawon rayuwarta. Daga 1928 zuwa 1929 Marshall ya yi tafiya tare da Frederick Stratten Russell da J. S. Colman a kan Babban Barrier Reef Expedition karkashin jagorancin Maurice Yonge . 

Marshall ya yi nazarin jerin abinci na ruwa, musamman copepods. Wannan ya zama aikin rayuwarta. Ta yi aiki tare da kusan shekaru 40 tare da likitan magani, Andrew Picken Orr . Tare sun yi nazarin plankton da phytoplankton a ciki da kewayen Kogin Clyde da Loch Striven. Sun rubuta littattafai da yawa da takardu da yawa tare.

A shekara ta 1934 Marshall ya sami DSc daga Jami'ar Glasgow . 

A cikin shekarun 1940 ta yi aiki tare da Lillie Newton da Elsie Conway da kuma Orr don bunkasa shuke-shuke na teku daga ko'ina cikin Burtaniya a matsayin tushen agar don dalilai na magunguna tun lokacin da shigo da kayayyaki daga tushen gargajiya a Gabas ta Tsakiya ya hana Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.[1] Ta kuma bincika tasirin taki a kan yawan amfanin ruwa a Loch Craiglin . [2]

Ta yi ritaya a matsayin Mataimakin Darakta na Tashar a 1964 (an nada ta a wannan mukamin bayan mutuwar Orr, mai rike da mukamin na baya, a 1962). Ta ci gaba da bincike a can a matsayin mai girmamawa.

Tsakanin 1970 da 1971 ta halarci Scripps Institution of Oceanography a Amurka kuma ta ziyarci tashar Marine ta Villefranche-sur-Mer a Faransa 1974. A shekara ta 1987 ta wallafa tarihin Marine Station . 

## Rayuwa da mutuwarsa
A waje da aikinta tana jin daɗin tafiya, tafiye-tafiye na ƙasashen waje, aikin zane-zane, shayari da kiɗa. An dauke ta mai karɓar baƙi, mai daraja da karimci.

Ta mutu daga ciwon zuciya a Asibitin Lady Margaret, Millport, Cumbrae a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1977.  Ta ba da gidanta a Millport ga Daraktocin Millport . 

'Yan uwanta mata sune Margaret Marshall OBE, Matron a Royal Infirmary na Edinburgh da Dorothy Nairn Marshal MBE, mai kula da gidan kayan gargajiya a Bute . 

## Daraja
A shekara ta 1949 Marshall, tare da Ethel Dobbie Currie, sun zama mata na farko da aka zaba Fellows na Royal Society na Edinburgh . Masu gabatar da ita sune Sir John Graham Kerr, James Ritchie, Sir Maurice Yonge, Charles Wynford Parsons da Andrew Orr . An ba ta lambar yabo ta Neill a shekarar 1971. A shekara ta 1963 an zabe ta Fellow na Royal Society na London . 

An ba ta lambar yabo ta Order of the British Empire a shekarar 1966. A shekara ta 1977 ta sami digiri na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Uppsala, Sweden . 

Ginin koyarwa a Scottish Association for Marine Science a Dunbeg an sanya masa suna ne don girmama ta a shekara ta 2010. 

## Ayyuka
Marshall ya rubuta labarai na kimiyya sama da 60.

* 'Abubuwan Abinci na *Calanus finmarchicus* a cikin 1923', Jaridar Kungiyar Biological ta Burtaniya, Vol. 12 (1924), 473-79.
* *A kan ilmin halitta na Calanus finmarchicus . Na takwas.* , 1955 (tare da Andrew Picken Orr) 
* The Biology of a Marine Copepod, 1955 (tare da Andrew Picken Orr) 
* 'Hatsuwa da Abinci a cikin Copepods', Ci gaba a cikin Marine Biology, 1973
* Wani asusun tashar Marine a Millport, 1987

## Manazarta