open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Mathilda Blanchard

**Mathilda Blanchard** (an haife ta a **Mathilda Landry** ; 10 ga Disamba, 1920 - 1 ga Yuli, 2007) shugabar ƙungiyar kwadago ce ta Kanada. Ana mata lakabi da *la pasionaria acadianne* saboda yadda take aiki da kare ma'aikatan Acadian a New Brunswick, musamman a fannin cinikin abincin teku .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife ta a Caraquet, New Brunswick, a ranar 10 ga Disamba, 1920, Mathilda Blanchard ta girma a cikin iyali mai matsakaicin matsayi.  Iyalinta sun samo asali ne daga ƙungiyar ma'aikata. Ƙanwarta, Sylvia Landry-Blanchard, ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar International Pulp and Paper Union Local 464 a Rumford, Maine tsawon sama da shekaru ashirin kuma daga baya ta zama memba na kwamitin zartarwa na Maine AFL–CIO .  Daga baya Sylvia da Mathilda suka auri 'yan'uwa maza biyu daga iyali ɗaya.

Tana da shekaru 20, ta taimaka wa yaƙin, tana aiki a masana'antar harsasai a Windsor, Ontario da Montréal . Ba tare da samun isasshen kuɗi don yin rajista a makarantar lauya ba, Blanchard ya ɗauki kwas ɗin gyaran gashi ya koma Acadia. 

Fiye da shekaru hamsin, Blanchard ta kafa ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata masu zaman kansu a masana'antun sarrafa kifi a duk faɗin yankin Acadian .  Karewar da take yi wa ma'aikatan yanayi da kuma yadda take bayyana ra'ayinta ya jawo mata girmamawa tsakanin ƙawaye da abokan hamayya. Shugabar ƙungiyar kuma tsohuwar 'yar majalisa Yvon Godin ta kwatanta Blanchard da shugaban ƙungiyar kwadago ta Québécois Michel Chartrand, tana mai cewa suna da irin wannan salon salon. Marubuciyar Acadian Rino Morin Rossignol ta rubuta cewa "Fushinta yana da muni kuma kalamanta suna da ban tsoro". 

Biyu daga cikin 'ya'yan Blanchard uku suma sun shiga cikin batutuwan Acadian. Michel-Vital Blanchard mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗalibai ne da kuma ikon mallakar Moncton a shekarar 1968 - wani tarihi da aka ba da labarinsa a cikin shirin gaskiya na Acadia, Acadia (L'Acadie, L'Acadie?!?) wanda Michel Brault da Pierre Perrault suka rubuta. Bugu da ƙari, 'yar Blanchard Louise ta jagoranci Parti acadien na ɗan lokaci, kafin rushewar ta a shekarar 1981. [1]

### Siyasa da ayyukan yajin aiki
A tsakiyar shekarun 1960, Blanchard ya kafa ƙungiyar Kanada ta masana'antar kamun kifi da ma'aikatan da ke da alaƙa, wadda ta wakilci ma'aikata sama da 10,000.  Blanchard ya shiga yajin aiki da dama da nufin inganta rayuwar ma'aikatan yanayi a masana'antar kamun kifi. A shekarar 1972, Blanchard ya yi aiki a matsayin jagora a wani yunkuri na haɓaka tattalin arzikin Arewa maso Gabashin New Brunswick, wanda ke fama da rashin aikin yi na tsawon lokaci. 

## Manazarta
Vivian Barbot

**Vivian Barbot** (an haife ta a ranar 7 ga Yuli, 1941) 'yar Clément Barbot ce. Malama ce 'yar ƙasar Kanada, mai fafutuka, kuma 'yar siyasa. Ita tsohuwar shugabar Fédération des femmes du Québec ce, tsohuwar 'yar majalisar dokoki kuma tsohuwar mataimakiyar shugaban Bloc Québécois.   Ita ce shugabar riƙon ƙwarya kuma shugabar jam'iyyar bayan murabus ɗin Gilles Duceppe a watan Mayu 2011.  Barbot ya zama mutum na farko a cikin wata ƙungiyar tsiraru da ake gani da ta jagoranci jam'iyyar siyasa ta tarayya ta Kanada tare da wakilcin 'yan majalisa. 

An haifi Barbot a Saint-Marc, Haiti. Ita ce tsohuwar 'yar majalisar dokoki a takarar Papineau. A zaben 2006, ta samu gagarumar nasara ga Bloc ta hanyar kayar da tsohon Ministan Majalisar Ministoci ta Liberal Pierre Pettigrew, amma shekaru biyu bayan haka Justin Trudeau ya kayar da ita a zaben tarayya na 2008. Barbot ta fafata da Trudeau a zaben 2011, amma an sake kayar da ita.

Zaɓen 2011 ya zo gami da kayi daga Gilles Duceppe da dukkan 'yan majalisar Bloc guda huɗu banda.  A matsayin mataimakin shugaban jam'iyyar, an naɗa Barbot shugaban jam'iyyar na riƙo kuma shugaban ƙasa bayan murabus ɗin Duceppe  kuma ya ci gaba da riƙe muƙamin har sai da aka zaɓi magajin Duceppe, Daniel Paillé, a ranar 11 ga Disamba, 2011.

## Sakamakon zabe

Kula: Rabon Baig na zabe a matsayin yar takarar 'yanci yana da alaka da kasafin shi na 2006 a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar Action Party ta Canada.

## Manazarta
Jeanne Corbin

**Jeanne Corbin** (Maris 1906 - 7 ga Mayu 1944) ƙwararriyar mai fafutukar kwaminisanci ce kuma mai shirya ƙungiyar ƙwadago a Kanada . 

Corbin da iyalinta sun yi ƙaura daga Faransa zuwa Kanada a shekarar 1911. Bayan sun sauka a Newfoundland, iyalan sun yi tafiya zuwa wata gona kusa da Edmonton, Alberta .

A makarantar sakandare, ta shiga ƙungiyar matasa ta kwaminisanci ta Kanada . Daga baya, ta zama memba na ƙungiyar kare ma'aikata. Kasancewar ta memba mai himma a jam'iyyar kwaminisanci ta Kanada, ana ɗaukarta a matsayin "jarumiyar jam'iyya" ta CPC. 

Ta mutu tana da shekaru 38 sakamakon cutar tarin fuka .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Jeanne Corbin a ƙauyen Cellettes, Loir-et-Cher, a Faransa, a shekarar 1906, cikin iyali na ƙananan manoman giya da masu aikin yini. Iyayenta su ne Jean-Baptiste Corbin da Henriette Marguerite Louise Valpré. Tana da shekaru biyar ta yi ƙaura zuwa Kanada tare da iyayenta. Iyalan Corbin sun zauna a Lindbrook, a kan fili mai fadin eka 160 da aka ba su, kusa da ƙauyen Tofield, arewa maso gabashin Edmonton, Alberta. 

Domin ta ci gaba da karatunta na sakandare, dole ta bar ƙauyenta ta zauna a birnin Edmonton. A lokacin karatunta a Makarantar Victoria, Jeanne Corbin ta yi aiki a cikin ƙungiyar Young Pioneers ta tattaro 'ya'yan iyayen ƙungiyar kwadago da membobin Jam'iyyar Kwaminis . A daidai lokacin ne ta haɗu da Becky Buhay, memba na Kwamitin Tsakiya na jam'iyyar. Ta fara halartar Ƙungiyar Matasan Kwaminis, sannan ta shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis tana da shekaru 18. A ranar 29 ga Nuwamba, 1925, yayin da Jeanne Corbin ta haɗu da matasa majagaba, darektan Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), Joseph Ritchie, ya lura da ita kuma ya buɗe fayil da sunanta wanda zai biyo bayanta a tsawon rayuwarta. Sannan ya bayyana ta a matsayin "mai tayar da zaune tsaye mai haɗari na kwaminis". [1]

## Rashin lafiya da ƙarshen rayuwa
A watan Satumba na shekarar 1939, ta ji rashin lafiya kuma ta nemi likita amma ba a sami wani abu mai tsanani ba. A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1942, lafiyarta ta tabarbare. Likitoci sun gano cewa tana fama da tarin fuka kuma huhunta biyu sun kamu da cutar.

Daga nan aka kwantar da ita a asibiti a Sarauniya Alexandra da ke Landan, Ontario . Ta rasu a ranar 7 ga Mayu, 1944 bayan watanni 18 tana fama da cutar.

## Manazarta
Deb Higgins

**Debra Elaine Higgins **' yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Kanada .  Ta kasance memba a Majalisar Dokoki ta Saskatchewan a mazabar Moose Jaw Wakamow daga 1999 zuwa 2011 kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin magajin garin Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan daga 2012 zuwa 2016.

## Aikin siyasa
Higgins ta fara siyasa ne lokacin da ta shiga ƙungiyar ma'aikatan abinci da kasuwanci ta United Food and Commercial a shekarar 1982 yayin da take aiki a wani shagon kayan abinci na Safeway. Daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Majalisar Gundumar UFCW Manitoba daga 1993 zuwa 1999, a lokacin kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin jami'in teburi na Majalisar Ma'aikata ta Moose Jaw & District Labour. 

### MLA ta NDP
An fara zaɓen Higgins a majalisar dokokin lardin a matsayin memba na Jam'iyyar New Democratic Party a zaɓen 1999, kuma an sake zaɓenta a zaɓen 2003 da 2007. Ta yi aiki a majalisar ministocin Firayim Minista Lorne Calvert, da farko a matsayin Ministar Kwadago sannan daga baya a matsayin Ministar Ilimi.  Bayan shan kaye a hannun gwamnatin NDP a zaɓen 2007, Higgins ta yi aiki a matsayin mai sukar NDP kan harkokin ƙananan hukumomi, barasa da wasanni, da kuma batutuwan mata. 

A shekarar 2008, Calvert ta yi ritaya, wanda hakan ya haifar da takarar shugabancin NDP na 2009. A ranar 30 ga Janairu, 2009, Higgins ta sanar da yunkurinta na maye gurbin Calvert a taron shugabannin jam'iyyar na watan Yunin 2009. Higgins ta tsaya takara ne kan jigon sabunta jam'iyya da rage talauci. [1] Tsohon shugaban jam'iyyar NDP ta Saskatchewan Yens Pedersen, tsohon mataimakin firayim minista Dwain Lingenfelter, da likitan Saskatoon Ryan Meili sun shiga takarar. Higgins ta samu kashi 14% na kuri'un da aka kada a zaben farko kuma an kawar da ita; duk da cewa Higgins da Pedersen, wadanda suka janye bayan zaben farko, sun amince da Meili kafin zaben na biyu, Lingenfelter ya zama shugaba. [2] Bayan zaben, Lingenfelter ta nada Higgins Mataimakin Shugaba. [3]

Higgins ta tsaya takara a zaben 2011, amma ta rasa kujerarta ga sabon dan takarar Jam'iyyar Saskatchewan Greg Lawrence a zaben da ya ga NDP ta ragu zuwa mafi karancin kujeru 9 a majalisar dokoki.   Lingenfelter shi ma ya rasa kujerarsa a zaben kuma ya yi murabus a matsayin shugaba, wanda hakan ya haifar da wani takarar shugabanci . Higgins ya yanke shawarar kada ya sake tsayawa takarar shugabancin, yana mai kira ga matasa 'yan majalisa su shiga cikin takarar. Higgins ya jagoranci zaben shugabancin, wanda ya haifar da zaben Cam Broten . 

## Manazarta
Shirley Carr

**Shirley Geraldine Edwina Carr** OC OOnt (Mayu 1929 &#x2013; Yuni 24, 2010) shugabar ƙungiyar kwadago ce ta Kanada wacce ta kasance mace ta farko da ta zama shugabar babbar ƙungiyar kwadago ta Kanada, wato Canadian Labour Congress .

## Fafutukar ƙungiyar kwadago
Carr ta fara shiga cikin ƙungiyar kwadago a shekarar 1960, lokacin da ta yi aiki a birnin Niagara Falls kuma memba ce a CUPE Local 133, sannan a shekarar 1970 ta zama ma'aikaciyar Gundumar Niagara ta Yankin kuma Shugabar da ta kafa CUPE Local 1287. Ta zama mataimakiyar shugabar ƙungiyar ma'aikatan gwamnati ta Kanada a shekarar 1969, sannan ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar sashen Ontario na CUPE tsakanin 1972 da 1974.  Tsakanin 1974 da 1984, ta riƙe muƙamin mataimakiyar shugabar zartarwa ta Majalisar Ma'aikata ta Kanada . A shekarar 1984, ta zama sakatare-ma'aji na CLC, kuma a shekarar 1986 aka zaɓe ta shugabar ƙungiyar. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

== Shugabancin CLC ==
A matsayinta na shugabar CLC, ta fara kamfen ɗin ƙungiyar kwadago ta Kanada game da Yarjejeniyar Ciniki ta 'Yanci tsakanin Kanada da Amurka, yarjejeniyar da Firayim Minista [[Brian Mulroney]] da marigayi shugaban Amurka Ronald Reagan suka gabatar kuma suka sanya hannu a shekarar 1988. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

## Shugaban Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata a Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Duniya
An zaɓe Carr a shekarar 1991 don zama shugabar ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta farko a ILO, kuma a matsayinta na mataimakiyar shugabar hukumar gudanarwa ta ILO. Ta yi aiki a wannan matsayin har zuwa 1993. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Girmamawa da mukamai
A matsayinta na mace ta farko da ta zama shugabar ƙungiyar ma'aikata mafi girma a Kanada, an ba ta kyaututtuka da yawa. An ba ta lambar yabo ta Jami'ar Order of Canada a shekarar 1980 kuma memba ce ta Order of Ontario a shekarar 1995. Ta sami lambar yabo ta Centennial don Gudummawar Kwarewa ga Ilimin Sana'a/Fasaha a shekarar 1980, lambar yabo ta tunawa da cika shekaru 125 na Tarayyar Kanada a shekarar 1992, da lambar yabo ta Gwamna Janar kan tunawa da shari'ar mutane a shekarar 1994. [1] [2] An kuma ba ta digirin girmamawa daga Jami'ar Acadia, Jami'ar Brock, Jami'ar McMaster, Jami'ar Northern British Columbia, Jami'ar Western Ontario, Jami'ar Victoria, da Jami'ar York . [3]

## Manazarta
Laure Gaudreault

**Laure Gaudreault** (25 ga Oktoba, 1889 - 19 ga Janairu, 1975) malamar Kanada ce, mai fafutukar neman ƙwadago, kuma 'yar jarida. Ta yi aiki don inganta yanayin aiki da albashi, daga baya kuma, haƙƙin ritaya, ga malamai mata na karkara.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Laure Gaudreault a ranar 25 ga Oktoba, 1889, a La Malbaie, Quebec, Kanada. [1] Mahaifiyarta ta yi mata tarbiyya a gida, kuma tana da shekaru 15 ta sami takardar shaidar koyarwa. A shekara mai zuwa, ta halarci l'École Normale Laval a birnin Quebec. Gaudreault ta fara koyarwa a makarantun karkara a Charlevoix lokacin tana da shekaru 16. Bayan shekaru 16 na koyarwa, ta shiga Ursulines na Quebec, amma ta bar makarantar shekaru biyu bayan ta shiga saboda matsalolin lafiya. Kafin ta koma koyarwa, ta fara rubutu ga wallafe-wallafen gida game da fannoni ciki har da rashin kyawun yanayin aiki ga masu ilimi mata a karkara. [1] [2]

A shekarar 1936, Gaudreault ta koma koyarwa, kuma ta lura cewa yanayi bai canza ba.  A wannan shekarar, gwamnati ta fitar da dokar dakatar da albashi ga malaman karkara. Gaudreault ta shirya sauran malamai a yankinta don kafa kungiyar malamai ta farko, wato Association des institutrices rurales de la province de Québec (Ƙungiyar Malaman Karkara ta Lardin Quebec). A cikin shekara mai zuwa, an ƙirƙiri ƙungiyoyin malamai mata na yanki sama da goma sha uku.  A shekarar 1937 ta ƙirƙiri Fédération des institutrices rurales de la province de Québec (Ƙungiyar Malaman Karkara ta Lardin Quebec), kuma wakilai daga ƙungiyoyin malamai na yankin sun naɗa ta shugaba.   Wannan ya sa ta zama ƙungiyar kwadago ta farko da ake biyan albashi a Quebec.  Domin tabbatar da cewa ƙungiyoyin yankin za su yi magana, ta ƙirƙiri *La Petite feuille*, wani littafi da aka ci gaba da bugawa tsawon shekaru tara. Bayan shekaru tara, an maye gurbin Tarayyar Malaman Karkara da Kamfanin des instituurs et institutrices de la province de Québec (Corporation of Teachers of the Lardin Quebec), kuma an maye gurbin *La Petite feuille* da wani littafi mai suna *l'Enseignement* .  A shekarar 1945, Tarayyar ta yi nasarar cimma matsakaicin albashin malamai na shekara-shekara na $600. An ƙara wannan zuwa $1,500 a shekarar 1959. 

A shekarar 1945, Gaudreault ya taimaka wajen ƙirƙirar Kamfanin générale des instituurs et institutrices de la province de Québec (General Corporation of Teachers of the Lardin Quebec), wata ƙungiya da ta haɗa ƙungiyoyin malamai a yankin. 

A cikin 1961, Gaudreault ta mayar da hankalinta ga haƙƙin yin ritaya ga malaman karkara kuma ta ƙirƙiri Associationungiyar des instituteurs et institutrices catholiques retraités du Québec (Quebec Association of Retired Catholic Teachers), wanda daga baya ya zama AREQ. Quebec).  Gaudreault yayi aiki har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a 1974.  Ta mutu a ranar 19 ga Janairu, 1975, a Clermont, Quebec. 

## Manazarta
Marilène Gill

**Marilène Gill **' MP (an haife ta a shekarar 1977,  ) 'Yar siyasa ce 'yar ƙasar Kanada wacce aka zaɓe ta a Majalisar Wakilai a zaɓen tarayya na 2015,  inda ta wakilci Côte-Nord—Kawawachikamach—Nitassinan a matsayin memba na Bloc Québécois (BQ). 

## Aikin siyasa
Tun daga shekarar 2021 ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar bulala kuma mai suka kan harkokin 'yan asalin ƙasar da na arewa a cikin Majalisar Shadow ta Bloc Québécois . 

An zaɓe ta a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar Kwamitin Majalisar Wakilai ta Kanada kan Albarkatun Bil Adama, Ƙwarewa da Ci gaban Jama'a da Matsayin Nakasassu a Majalisar Dokokin Kanada ta 45 a shekarar 2025.

## Matsayin siyasa
Gill yana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan majalisar dokoki uku ('yan majalisa) waɗanda suka goyi bayan shugabancin Martine Ouellet a lokacin zanga-zangar jam'iyyar kuma ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da jam'iyyar lokacin da 'yan majalisa bakwai suka yi murabus a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, 2018 don zama 'yan ƙasa. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Gill ta auri abokin takararta na ɗan majalisar dokoki ta BQ Xavier Barsalou-Duval . 

## Manazarta
Francine Lalonde

**Francine Lalonde** (Agusta 24, 1940 - Janairu 17, 2014) 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Kanada wadda ta yi aiki a matakin larduna da tarayya. Kafin a zaɓe ta, ta kasance malamar makaranta, malamar makaranta, kuma mai rajin kare haƙƙin jama'a .

Ta kasance minista mai kula da matsayin mata a gwamnatin Lévesque daga ranar 16 ga Janairu, 1985, har zuwa ranar 5 ga Yuni, 1985. Ta yi murabus bayan kayar da ita da akayi a hannun Robert Bourassa a zaben maye gurbin da aka yi a ranar 3 ga Yuni, 1985, a gundumar zaɓe ta Bertrand, inda ta kasa samun kujera a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa ta Quebec .

Ta kasance 'yar majalisar Bloc Québécois a Majalisar Wakilai ta Kanada, wacce ta wakilci gundumomin La Pointe-de-l'Île daga zaɓen 2004 zuwa 2011, kuma Mercier daga zaɓen 1993 zuwa 2004. A baya ta kasance mai sukar ci gaban albarkatun ɗan adam da masana'antu, da kuma harkokin waje.

A watan Yunin 2005, Lalonde ta gabatar da wani kudiri na sirri na C-407 a Majalisar Dokoki ta Amurka wanda zai halatta taimakon kashe kai a Kanada. An sake zabarta a watan Janairun 2006, ta yi alkawarin sake gabatar da kudirinta na halatta taimakon kashe kai a Kanada.

A ranar 13 ga Satumba, 2010, Lalonde ta sanar da cewa ba za ta sake tsayawa takara ba bayan karewar wa'adin aikinta na yanzu "saboda sake bullar cutar kansa da kuma bukatar neman sabbin magunguna".  Ta mutu sakamakon cutar kansa a ranar 17 ga Janairu, 2014.  

## Manazarta
Carol Hughes (ɗan siyasa)

**Carol R. Hughes** (an haife ta a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba, 1958) 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Kanada, wadda ta wakilci gundumar zaɓe ta Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing a Majalisar Wakilai ta Kanada daga 2008 zuwa 2025. Ita mamba ce a Jam'iyyar New Democratic Party .

Kafin a zaɓe ta, ta yi aiki a matsayin wakilin ma'aikata na Jam'iyyar Labour ta Kanada . Ta tsaya takarar ɗan takarar jam'iyyar NDP a zaɓen 2004 da kuma zaɓen 2006, inda ta sha kaye a hannun Brent St. Denis, mai ci a yanzu, a duk lokacin.

Ta shaida wa manema labarai cewa ba za ta tsaya takara a zaben 2008 ba, amma ta canza ra'ayinta bayan ta tsaya a Blind River don cin abincin dare a kan hanyarta ta komawa gida daga taron jam'iyyar Labour ta Kanada, kuma wasu ma'aurata da ba ta taɓa haɗuwa da su ba suka tunkare ta suka ƙarfafa ta ta sake tsayawa takara. [1] Ta lashe zaɓen, inda ta kayar da St. Denis, kuma aka sake zaɓenta a zaɓen 2011. [2]

Hughes ya goyi bayan Niki Ashton a zaɓen shugabancin NDP na 2012,  da Charlie Angus a zaɓen shugabanni na 2017 .

An nada Hughes a matsayin Mataimakiyar Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisa kuma Mataimakiyar Shugaban Kwamitoci na Gabaɗaya a karo na biyu; ta taɓa riƙe wannan muƙamin a Majalisar Dokoki ta 42. 

A ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 2024 ta sanar da cewa ba za ta sake tsayawa takara a zaben tarayya na 45 a Kanada ba . 

## Manazarta
Ramona Jennex

**Ramona Jennex** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1955) 'yar siyasa ce daga ƙasar Kanada daga lardin Nova Scotia .

## Aikin siyasa
Jennex ta tsaya takarar neman takarar jam'iyyar New Democratic Party ta Nova Scotia a zaben Kings South a shekarar 2009. An zaɓe ta a zaɓen larduna na 2009  kuma ta wakilci wannan kujera a majalisar dokoki har zuwa lokacin da ta sha kaye a zaɓen larduna na 2013. 

A ranar 19 ga Yuni, 2009, an naɗa Jennex a Majalisar Zartarwa ta Nova Scotia a matsayin Ministan Ayyuka na Nova Scotia da Hulɗar Birni, Ministan Gudanar da Gaggawa, Ministan Shige da Fice, da Ministan Matasa. [1] A ranar 11 ga Janairu, 2011, an naɗa Jennex Ministan Ilimi da Ci gaban Yara ƙanana, kuma Ministan da ke da alhakin Matasa. [2]

### Tarihin matsayi

* Ministan Ilimi da Ci gaban Yara (Afrilu 4, 2013 - Oktoba 22, 2013)
* Ministan da ke da alhakin matasa (19 ga Yuni, 2009 - 22 ga Oktoba, 2013)
* Ministan Ilimi (Janairu 11, 2011 - Afrilu 4, 2013)
* Ministan Ayyuka na Nova Scotia da Hulɗar Ƙananan Hukumomi (19 ga Yuni, 2009 - 11 ga Janairu, 2011)
* Ministan Gudanar da Gaggawa (19 ga Yuni, 2009 - 11 ga Janairu, 2011)
* Ministan Shige da Fice (19 ga Yuni, 2009 - 11 ga Janairu, 2011)
* Ministan da ke da alhakin Dokar Hayar Gidaje (19 ga Yuni, 2009 - 11 ga Janairu, 2011)

## Manazarta
Barb Miller

**Barbara Miller** (an haife ta a shekarar 1958 ko 1959) 'yar siyasa ce 'yar ƙasar Kanada wacce aka zaɓe ta a zaɓen babban zaɓen Alberta na 2015 zuwa Majalisar Dokoki ta Alberta wacce ke wakiltar gundumar zaɓe ta Red Deer-South . [1] [2] Ta kasance shugabar Majalisar Red Deer da Gundumar Labour kuma mai kuɗi ce ga Safeway Canada .

## Manazarta
Régine Laurent

**Régine Laurent** OQ (an haife ta a shekara ta 1957) ma'aikaciyar jinya ce 'yar ƙasar Haiti 'yar ƙasar Kanada wacce daga shekarar 1980 ta shafe shekaru 35 tana aiki a Asibitin Santa-Cabrini da ke Montreal .  Daga 2009 zuwa 2017, a matsayinta na mace baƙar fata ta farko da ta jagoranci ƙungiyar Fédération Interprofessionnelle de la santé du Québec (FlQ), ƙungiyar ƙwadago don ayyukan kiwon lafiya a lardin Quebec, ta yi nasarar tattaunawa kan ingantattun yanayi ga ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya daga gwamnatin lardin.  A watan Mayu na 2019, an naɗa ta shugabar Hukumar Musamman ta Quebec kan Haƙƙoƙin Kare Yara da Matasa. 

## Rayuwar farko
An haife ta a ranar 9 ga Oktoba, 1957 a Port-au-Prince, Haiti,  An haifi Régine Laurent a wani gida mai arziki tare da 'yan'uwanta maza biyu. Mahaifinta lauya ne kuma mahaifiyarta, malamar makaranta. Lokacin da take da shekaru 11, iyalin sun yi ƙaura zuwa Kanada, suka zauna a Montreal . Yayin da take karatun aikin jinya a Cégep, ta haifi ɗanta na fari yana da shekaru 18. 

## Sana'a
Bayan ta sami takardar shaidar kammala karatunta a shekarar 1979, an ɗauke ta aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a Asibitin Santa Cabrini a watan Fabrairun 1980, bayan haka ta haifi ɗanta na biyu. Ta yi aiki a sassa da dama, ciki har da sashen haihuwa wanda take so. Lokacin da ba ta sami damar yin hutun bazara a kusa da 1983 ba, ta shiga ƙungiyar likitocin asibitin, ta zama shugabar asibitin a 1985. A shekarun 1990, ta yi aiki a wurare daban-daban na ƙungiyar. Ta bar abokin aikinta, tana renon 'ya'yanta su kaɗai tare da taimakon mahaifiyarta. A shekarar 2004, Laurent ta zama shugabar ƙungiyar likitocin jinya Alliance Interprofessionnelle de Montréal (AIM), matsayin da ta ci gaba da riƙewa har zuwa 2009. Saboda haka, ta jagoranci ƙungiyar ma'aikata tare da mambobi kusan 6,000, ciki har da ma'aikatan jinya da masu ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali daga Montreal, Montérégie da Laval . [1] A shekarar 2009, an zaɓe ta shugabar ƙungiyar Fédération Interprofessionnelle de la santé du Québec. [2]

Ayyukanta a matsayinta na mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ma'aikata sun haɗa da yajin aikin 1989 da kuma sama da duka 1999, wanda ya nuna mahimmancin kiyaye kwanciyar hankali a sassan lafiya da kuma kafa hangen nesa na zamani a cikin ƙungiyar ma'aikata ga ma'aikatan jinya, wato mayar da hankali kan marasa lafiya. 

A watan Mayu na shekarar 2019, an nada Régine Laurent a matsayin shugabar Hukumar Musamman ta Quebec kan Hakkokin Yara da Matasa. 

## Ganewa
Bayan Laurent ya yi ritaya daga FlQ a shekarar 2017, 'yan Majalisar Dokokin Kasa ta Quebec sun yaba wa "aiki na musamman na Régine Laurent" a cikin wani sako da ya kammala da cewa: "A ƙarshe, ta amince da gudunmawar Régine Laurent ga ci gaban daidaito ga mata, mutane daga al'ummomi daban-daban na al'adu da ma'aikata a cikin al'ummarmu."  An nada Laurent a matsayin Jami'in Hukumar Kula da Al'adu ta Kasa ta Quebec a shekarar 2024. 

## Manazarta
Yolette Lévy

**Yolette Lévy** (15 ga Mayu, 1938 - 6 ga Disamba, 2018) 'Yar siyasa ce 'yar ƙasar Kanada kuma 'yar fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan ƙasar Haiti daga Val-d'Or, a Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Quebec . Ta kasance kansila a birnin Val-d'Or tsawon shekaru da yawa. Asalinta mai sayar da magunguna ce, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, da kuma mai kare haƙƙin tsofaffi.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Yolette Lévy a ranar 15 ga Mayu, 1938, a Haiti. Ta fito daga Cap-Haïtien . 

## Sana'a
Levy ta yi aiki a matsayin mai harhada magunguna a Haiti,  kafin ta gudu daga Duvalierism, ta isa Zaire (yanzu Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Kongo), kuma ta koyar na tsawon shekaru huɗu a hidimar UNESCO . Ita da mijinta, Jean-Emmanuel Alfred, daga nan suka gabatar da aikace-aikacensu na neman guraben koyarwa a Val-d'Or.  Ta isa Val-d'Or a shekarar 1969, don yin aiki a matsayin malamar kimiyyar sinadarai a makarantar sakandare ta Le Carrefour;  mijinta ya koyar da adabi.  Da isowarta ita da mijinta suna cikin 'yan Haiti 12 a birnin. 

Ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar malamai a shekara ta 1972. A ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 1982, aka zabe ta shugabar Syndicat des travailleurs de l'enseignement du Nord-Ouest québécois (Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Ilimi ta Arewa maso Yammacin Quebec) (STENOQ) [1] kuma ta riƙe wannan matsayin har zuwa watan Yunin 1984. [2] A watan Yunin 1984, an zaɓe ta a majalisar zartarwa ta Commission des enseignants des commissions scolaires (Hukumar Malamai ta Hukumar Makaranta) ta Centrale des syndicats du Québec . [3] A lokacin aikinta na ƙungiyar kwadago, ta kare batutuwa da dama da suka shafi mata, kamar hutun haihuwa, haƙƙin zubar da ciki, ayyukan kula da yara, kuma ta jagoranci babban yunƙurin tabbatar da daidaiton albashi . Ta kuma jagoranci bita kan shigar mata cikin siyasa . [4]

Lévy yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa , ƙungiyar al'adu daban-daban don maraba da haɗa baƙi a Abitibi-Témiscamingue . Tare da wasu da dama, ta shigar da takardar izinin mallakar ƙungiyar a ranar 23 ga Nuwamba, 1990, ga gwamnatin Quebec. Ƙungiyar ta sami amincewarta a hukumance a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, 1991. 

Daga 1996 zuwa 2009, Lévy ta zauna a matsayin kansilan birni a Val-d'Or.  An sake zaɓenta a zaɓen ƙananan hukumomi na 2000, 2001 da 2005,  amma ta sha kaye a zaɓen 2009.  A lokacin wa'adin aikinta, ta ba da gudummawa ga gyaran manufofin iyali, aiwatar da ayyukan sufuri na jama'a na Taxibus, kare ƙungiyoyin al'umma, da tallafawa ci gaban al'adu. 

Lévy ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa na Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT) daga 1998 zuwa 2005.      

A cikin 2015, ta zama shugabar sashin  (AQDR) (Ƙungiyar Quebec don Kare Haƙƙoƙin Masu Ritaya da waɗanda ba su yi Ritaya ba) a Val-d'Or. 

## Manazarta
Katie McVicar

**Kate McVicar** (1856 - 1886), 'yar ƙasar Kanada ce mai fafutukar ƙwadago kuma ma'aikaciyar takalma. Ta kafa ƙungiyar ƙwadago ta farko ga mata ma'aikata a Kanada ƙarƙashin jagorancin Knights of Labor . 

## Manazarta
Tammy Martin

**Tammy Martin** 'yar siyasa ce ' yar ƙasar Kanada, wacce aka zaɓe ta a Majalisar Dokokin Nova Scotia a zaɓen larduna na 2017. Ta kasance 'yar jam'iyyar New Democratic Party ta Nova Scotia, ta wakilci gundumar zaɓe ta Cape Breton Centre . 

Kafin zaɓenta, Martin ya yi aiki a Hukumar Lafiya ta Nova Scotia da Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Jama'a ta Kanada . [1] Tana zaune a New Waterford, Nova Scotia . [2]

Martin ya fara ƙoƙari ya shiga siyasar lardin a zaben 2015,  amma Liberal David Wilton ya ci shi.  Ta sake tsayawa takara a zaben 2017, a wannan lokacin ta doke Wilton.

A watan Janairun 2020, Martin ta sanar da murabus dinta a matsayin MLA, daga ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 2020. 

## Manazarta
Yolanda McClean

**Yolanda McClean** ƙwararriyar ma'aikaciyar fasaha ce a ɗakin karatu kuma ƙwararriyar ƙungiyar ƙwadago ta Kanada. Tun daga shekarar 2021, ta kasance Sakatare-Ma'ajin Ma'aikatar Kuɗi ta Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Jama'a ta Kanada da ke Ontario, wadda ita ce babbar ƙungiya a lardin. Ita ce kuma Mataimakiyar Shugaba a Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Ontario . Ita ce Baƙar fata 'yar Kanada ta farko da ta riƙe kowanne matsayi. Ta fara aikinta a shekarar 1984 a matsayin ma'aikaciyar fasaha a Hukumar Makarantun Gundumar Toronto . 

A cikin 2018, an lasafta ta daya daga cikin manyan mata 100 da suka yi nasara a Black Canadian. 

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022, an zabe ta mataimakin shugaban CUPE Ontario, ta zama jami'in Black na farko da ya nuna bambanci na CUPE Ontari. Wata daya bayan haka, an zabi McClean a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa na Uku na Kungiyar Kwadago ta Baƙi.

A watan Agustan 2022, McClean ya yi kira ga ma'aikata masu tsari don tallafawa ƙungiyar Black Lives Matter.

A watan Janairun 2023, rabble.ca ya lura cewa McClean yana jagorantar Kwamitin Shirin Ayyuka na Kungiyar Kaddamar da wariyar launin fata.[1] Wata daya bayan haka a watan Fabrairun 2023, ta bayyana a podcast na rabble.ca inda ta tattauna "hanyoyin samun daidaito tsakanin jinsi da launin fata a ciki da waje da ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta Kanada".[2]

## Manazarta
Tracey Ramsey

**Tracey Ramsey** (an haife ta a ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 1971) tsohuwar 'yar Majalisar Dokoki ce wadda ta wakilci Essex a Majalisar Wakilai ta Kanada na tsawon wa'adi ɗaya, tun daga zaɓen tarayya na Kanada na 2015 har zuwa 2019.  A Majalisar Dokokin Kanada ta 42, Ramsey ta yi aiki a matsayin Mai Sukar Kasuwanci na Duniya, Mai Sukar Adalci da Mataimakiyar Mai Sukar Ma'aikata. A matsayinta na Mataimakiyar Shugabar Kwamitin Ciniki na Duniya kan Ciniki, ta shiga cikin harkokin majalisa na CUSMA, CPTPP da CETA. Ramsey ta gabatar da kudirin memba mai zaman kansa C-439, mai taken Dokar Dabarun Ruwa Mai Tsami ta Kasa, wanda ke neman a tilasta wa Ministan Muhalli ya samar da dabarun ƙasa don kiyayewa, kariya, da amfani da ruwan sha mai tsafta . 

Kafin zaben ta, ta yi aiki a kamfanin Ford Motor Company na tsawon shekaru 19. Ta kammala karatun jinya daga Kwalejin St. Clair na Fasaha da Fasaha. [1] Tracey a halin yanzu ita ce Darakta ta Mata ta Kasa, bayan shekaru biyu a matsayin mai shirya ƙungiyar tare da Unifor the Union, babbar ƙungiyar kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ta Kanada.

## Sakamakon zaben

## Manazarta
Candace Rennick

**Candace Rennick** shugabar ma'aikata ce ta ƙasar Kanada wadda a halin yanzu take aiki a matsayin Sakatare-Ma'ajin Ƙasa na Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Jama'a ta Kanada (CUPE), babbar ƙungiyar ma'aikata a Kanada. An zaɓe ta a matsayin wannan muƙamin a watan Nuwamba na 2021, inda ta zama mace ta farko da ta riƙe wannan muƙamin cikin shekaru 20.  A da, ta yi aiki a matsayin Sakatare-Ma'ajin CUPE Ontario daga ƙarshen 2009 zuwa 2021.

## Rayuwa ta farko da aiki
An haifi Rennick kuma ta girma a Peterborough, Ontario . Ta fara aikinta a cikin ƙungiyar ma'aikata tana da shekaru 16 lokacin da ta fara aiki a wani wurin kulawa ta dogon lokaci. A lokacin da take da shekaru 19, ta zama mai kula da ƙungiyar kwadago da kuma memba na kwamitin ciniki. Lokacin da ta kai shekara 22, an zabe ta Shugabar CUPE Local 2280, tana wakiltar ma'aikatan kulawa na dogon lokaci a yankin Peterborough . 

## Jagorancin Tarayyar

### CUPE Ontario
A ƙarshen shekara ta 2009, an zabi Rennick a matsayin Sakatare-Mai Ba da Kuɗi na CUPE Ontario . Ita ce mace ta farko kuma ƙarama mafi ƙanƙanta da ta taɓa riƙe mukamin, ta yi aiki na shekaru 12. A lokacin da take aiki, ta zama fitacciyar mai ba da shawara ga sake fasalin kulawa na dogon lokaci a lardin. A lokacin zaben shugabancin New Democratic Party na 2012, Rennick ya goyi bayan Peggy Nash don shugabancin jam'iyyar.

A lokacin annobar COVID-19 a Ontario, Rennick ya kasance mai sukar sau da yawa game da yadda gwamnatin lardin ke kula da gidajen kulawa na dogon lokaci, yana ba da shawara ga matakan ma'aikata mafi girma da kuma kariya mafi kyau ga ma'aikata. A cikin 2020, ta yi kira ga jama'a don "cikakken gyare-gyare" na tsarin, tana mai cewa dogaro da ma'aikatan lokaci-lokaci da ma'aikata sun ba da gudummawa ga yaduwar kwayar cutar.[1] Ta kuma nuna cewa ma'aikatan tallafi da yawa (PSWs) suna jin tsoron bayar da rahoto zuwa aiki saboda rashin PPE da tsoron kamuwa da iyalansu.[2]

### CUPE na kasa
An zabi Rennick a matsayin Sakataren Kasa-Mai Ba da Kuɗi na CUPE National a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba, 2021, wanda ya gaji Charles Fleury. An zabe ta tare da Shugaban kasa Mark Hancock . A cikin wannan rawar, tana kula da kudi da gudanar da kungiyar, wanda ke wakiltar kusan ma'aikata 800,000  a duk faɗin Kanada.

A matsayinta na Sakatariyar Baitulmalin Kasa, ta shiga cikin manyan rikice-rikice na ma'aikata, gami da tattaunawa tare da Air Canada da kuma aikin hadin gwiwa ga ma'aikatan jirgin saman Porter Airlines. A watan Agustan 2025, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai magana da yawun game da lokutan aiki da ba a biya su ba ga masu kula da jirgin sama yayin tattaunawar kwangila.

## Manazarta
Huguette Plamondon

**Huguette Plamondon** (Janairu 6, 1926  - Satumba 29, 2010  ) ta kasance ƙwararriyar ƙungiyar ƙwadago a Quebec, Kanada. Ta kasance jagora kuma jagora a ƙungiyoyin kwadago na Quebec, Kanada da na ƙasashen duniya, ta sadaukar da mafi yawan ƙoƙarinta ga wakiltar United Packinghouse Workers of America sannan United Food and Commercial Workers, bayan da UPWA ta haɗu da Amalgamated Meat Cutters a 1979 don ƙirƙirar UFCW. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar Majalisar Labour ta Kanada daga 1956 zuwa 1988.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Plamondon a ranar 6 ga Janairu, 1926, a Montreal. Mahaifinta memba ne na Brotherhood of Railway Carmen of America . Ta shiga aikin ma'aikata a matsayin mai rubutun rubutu a wani masana'antar ƙarfe, kuma lokacin da United Steelworkers of America ta fara shirya masana'antar, Huguette ta zama ɗaya daga cikin magoya bayan yakin neman zabe.

## Gwagwarmaya da aiki
A shekara ta 1945, tana da shekaru 19, Huguette Plamondon ta fara aiki a matsayin sakatariya a ofishin Montreal na United Packinghouse Workers of America (UPWA).  Ba da daɗewa ba, ta fara shirya ma'aikatan nama a Montreal, kuma ta fara aiki na tsawon shekaru a matsayin murya ga ma'aikatan abinci da kuma ɗayan manyan kungiyoyin Arewacin Amurka. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;**&#x5D;

Ta zama memba na Majalisar Ma'aikata ta Montreal (Conseil du travail de Montréal) a 1953, wanda a wannan lokacin yana da alaƙa da Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). A shekara ta 1955 an zabe ta shugabar Majalisar Ma'aikata ta Montreal, kuma ta yi aiki a wannan matsayi har zuwa 1958, [1] don haka ta zama mace ta farko a Kanada da ta jagoranci babbar kungiyar ma'aikata. [2][3] A shekara ta 1956, ta shiga cikin Rassemblement, wani ɗan gajeren motsi na siyasa wanda Pierre Dansereau da Pierre Trudeau suka jagoranta.[4] [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed]

A shekara ta 1956, an zabe ta mataimakiyar shugaban jam'iyyar Labour Congress ta Kanada,  don haka ta zama mace ta farko da ta sami matsayin zartarwa a duk faɗin Kanada. Ta rike wannan mukamin na tsawon shekaru 32, har zuwa 1988. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]

## Manazarta
Lorraine Pagé

**Lorraine Pagé** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1947) 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Kanada kuma 'yar ƙungiyar kwadago.  Ta taɓa yin aiki a Majalisar Birnin Montreal a matsayin kansila a gundumar Sault-au-Récollet a gundumar Ahuntsic-Cartierville daga 2013 zuwa 2017. 

Tun da farko, ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Centrale des syndicats du Québec daga 1988 zuwa 1999, kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta jagoranci babbar ƙungiyar ma'aikata a lardin.

Ta yi takara a Zaben birni na 2013 a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar Vrai changement pour Montréal .  A ranar zabe, ta lashe kujerar da kuri'u daya kawai a kan Nathalie Hotte na Équipe Denis Coderre .  Bayan da ba a zabi shugaban jam'iyyar Mélanie Joly a majalisar birni ba, Joly ya sauka a matsayin jagora a shekarar 2014, kuma an zabi Pagé a matsayin magajin Joly.

Pagé daga baya ya zama memba mai zaman kansa, kuma Justine McIntyre ya gaje shi a matsayin shugaban jam'iyya.[1] Pagé, wanda ya yi takara da Team Coderre a zaben 2013, ya yanke shawarar shiga Équipe Denis Coderre a shekarar 2017. Ta bayyana cewa an kirkiro jam'iyyar ne a matsayin abin hawa ga Melanie Joly, wanda tun daga lokacin ya tafi siyasa ta tarayya, yana aiki a matsayin ministan al'adu.[2]

## Manazarta
Monique Richard

**Monique Richard** (an haife ta a ranar 12 ga Disamba, 1947) 'yar siyasa ce ta Quebec . Ita 'yar majalisar ƙasa ce ta Quebec, tana wakiltar gundumar Marguerite-D'Youville . An zaɓe ta a zaɓen lardi na 2008. Ita 'yar jam'iyyar Parti Québécois ce kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar wannan jam'iyyar daga 2005 zuwa 2008. 

Ita ce tsohuwar shugabar kungiyar kwadago ta Centrale des syndicats du Québec . Yanzu ita ce mai ba da shawara kuma mai magana da yawun jam'iyyar SPQ Libre ta hagu, ƙungiyar siyasa a cikin Parti Québécois . Ta zama shugabar Parti Québécois a shekara ta 2005, ta zama shugabar farko bayan rabuwa da wannan aikin tare da na shugaban jam'iyyar.

Richard ya sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar ilimi daga École Normale Eulalie-Durocher a shekarar 1969 kuma ya zama malami a matakin firamare. Daga 1984 zuwa 1999 ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban majalisar zartarwa ta Centrale des syndicats du Québec, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kasa daga 1999 zuwa 2003.

## Manazarta
Cécile Rouleau

**Cécile Rouleau** (Afrilu 5, 1905 &#x2013; Janairu 3, 1999) ƙwararriyar masaniyar zamantakewa ce kuma mai rajin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a Quebec, Kanada. Ita ce mace ta farko da ta riƙe muƙamin gudanarwa a gwamnatin Quebec.  

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife ta ne a Birnin Quebec kuma ta sami difloma a fannin kimiyyar zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Laval a shekara ta 1943. 

Rouleau ta kasance co-kafa kungiyar Syndicat des malamai da malamai na Quebec, da Fédération des malamais et malamai du Québec da kuma Kungiyar Kanada ta Ilimi na Faransanci , yana aiki a matsayin babban sakatare na kungiyar ta ƙarshe na shekaru 25. Ta kafa mujallar La Montée kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin darakta.[1]

A cikin 1950, an kira Rouleau Chevalier a cikin Société du parler français au Canada kuma, a cikin 1967, jami'in  . A shekara ta 1979, an ba ta suna jami'a a cikin Compagnie des Cent-Associés francophones .  An ba ta suna jami'a a cikin National Order of Quebec a shekarar 1987. 

Rouleau ya buga fiye da labarai 470 da sauran wallafe-wallafe.

Ta mutu a birnin Quebec a shekarar 1999. 

An sanya wa Bibliothèque Cécile-Rouleau suna don girmama ta.

## Manazarta
Mary Noel Arrowsmith

**Mary Noel Arrowsmith** (Mayu 28, 1890 - Oktoba 7, 1965) malamar Amurka ce wacce aka ba ta lambar yabo ta Croix de Guerre saboda aikinta tare da YMCA a Faransa a lokacin yakin duniya na farko. Daga baya ta kasance mai aiki don inganta ilimin tsaro da kuma zaman lafiya. Ta kuma yi aiki a cikin ma'aikatan YWCA na kasa.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Mary Noel Arrowsmith a ranar 28 ga Mayu, 1890, a Connecticut, 'yar Harold Arrowsmish da Helen Fleming Smith Arrowsmithi .  Mahaifinta limami ne na Episcopal .  Ta kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Smith a shekara ta 1913.  A Smith, ta rubuta game da Addinin Hindu, kuma ta rubuta waka, don mujallar kwaleji.

A lokacin yakin duniya na, Arrowsmith ya yi aiki tare da YMCA a Faransa a 1918, yana gudanar da kantin abinci kusa da gaba, tare da Gertrude Sumner Ely na Philadelphia.[1] An ba ta lambar yabo ta Croix de Guerre saboda "babban ruhun aiki da iyawarta lokacin da take cikin haɗari". Ta raba matsayi na girmamawa a cikin fareti na 1919 a New York, tare da 'yan uwan YMCA ma'aikatan yaƙi Ely, Frances Gulick, Ethel Creighton Torrance, da Marjorie Skelding. [2][3]

## Ayyuka

### Ilimi
Bayan yakin, Arrowsmith ya kasance kwararren masani ne na ilimi, wanda ya buga labarai da yawa a cikin Malamai College Record da sauran mujallu masu sana'a a cikin 1920s. Ta kasance mataimakiyar sakatariyar sashen ilimi na Majalisar Tsaro ta Kasa a cikin 1923 da 1924,   wanda ya haɗa da ziyartar gundumomin makaranta na gida don tuntuɓar tsarin karatun tsaro. "Ilimi mai aminci yana yin abubuwa uku, "ta bayyana: "Na farko yana sa yaro ya rayu ga haɗarin da rayuwar zamani mai rikitarwa ke kewaye da shi kuma yana da ƙwarewa wajen yaƙi da su. Na biyu, yana taimakawa wajen samar da halaye masu aminci waɗanda za su kare shi a duk rayuwarsa. Na uku, yana farkawa a cikin yaro ma'anar darajar da darajar rayuwar ɗan adam da alhakinsa na kiyaye kansa da kyau, da kuma a cikin yin gidansa, makarantarsa, da al'ummarsa wuri mai aminci don zama a ciki. "

### YWCA, zaman lafiya, da haƙƙin ɗan adam
Arrowsmith ya yi aiki a kan kwamishinan nazarin ka'idojin kasa na YWCA a cikin 1940.  Ta kasance sakatariyar ilimin kasa da kasa a kan ma'aikatan YWCA a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu.

A cikin 1928, Arrowsmith ta rubuta wata kasida ga The Nation mai taken "Irredentism in Hungary".  Ta kasance memba na Hukumar Nazarin Kungiyar Zaman Lafiya, karkashin jagorancin James T. Shotwell, kuma ta sanya hannu kan sanarwar hukumar ta 1944 mai taken "Tsaron Kasa da Kasa na 'Yancin Dan Adam".  Ta rubuta "Shin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya tana Motsa zuwa Duniya Mai Gudanarwa?", wata takarda da Taron Zaman Lafiya ta Kasa ta buga. 

## Manazarta
Madeleine Braun

**Madeleine Braun** née **Weill** (25 Yuni 1907 - 22 Janairu 1980) 'yar jaridar Faransa ce kuma 'yar siyasa. Ta kasance Député na Seine na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis kuma, a 1946, ta zama mace ta farko mataimakiyar shugaban Majalisar Dokoki.

## Iyali
Ita 'yar Albert Weill ce, darektan kamfanin, da Gabrielle Hirsch, mai zane.

Ta auri Jean Braun, ɗan kasuwa, a ranar 8 ga Yulin 1930.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Madeleine Braun, an haife ta Madeleine Weill, ta yi karatu a Makarantar Villiers da Faculty of Law a Paris.

Ta shiga cikin Amsterdam-Pleyel Movement, wanda ta kasance memba na kwamitin zartarwa, da Kwamitin Gudanarwa da Bayanai na Duniya don Taimako ga Jamhuriyar Spain, wanda ta zama babban sakatare tsakanin 1936 da 1937. 

Ta shiga cikin Resistance, tana da alhakin bunkasa a yankin Kudancin National Front. Ta kasance edita na Patriot, wanda daga baya ta zama darakta bayan 'yancin Lyon. Da yake ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis kuma a kwamitin zartarwa na National Front, ta sami nasarar tserewa daga gurfanar da ita a shekarar 1942. 

A ranar 8 ga Nuwamba 1944, an tura ta zuwa Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta wucin gadi. Bayan 1946, ta zama memba na majalisun Jamhuriyar Hudu . An zabe ta mataimakiyar shugaban majalisar dokoki a ranar 14 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1946; rawar da ta taka wajen jagorantar zaman da muhawara tare da sauran mataimakan shugaban kasa. Ita ce mace ta farko a tarihin Jamhuriyar da ta karbi wannan mukamin. An sake zabar ta sau hudu.

Daga tashar Majalisar, ta yi tir da sanannen manufofin kasashen waje na "Atlanticist" na Faransa, wanda ta yi imanin cewa "mulkin mulkin mallaka na Amurka" ne. Ba ta sake tsayawa takara a shekarar 1951.

Daga 1961, ta jagoranci Éditeurs français réunis (EFR) tare da Louis Aragon .  Ta kuma ba da gudummawa ga Turai, mujallar adabi ta Faransa.

## Bambance-bambance

* Medal na Resistance
* Knight na Legion of HonorRundunar girmamawa
* Croix de Guerre 1914-1918 tare da Palm . 

## Kyauta

* Wata hanya a cikin 10th arrondissement na Paris ana kiranta Place Madeleine-Braun .

## Manazarta
Suzanne Borel

**Marie Nancy Suzanne** "Suzy" **Bidault** (née **Borel**; 18 ga Oktoba 1904 - 8 ga Nuwamba 1995) ita ce mace ta farko ta Faransa da ta zama diflomasiyya lokacin da ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da izini a Quai d'Orsay a ranar 1 ga Yulin 1930 bayan ta wuce jarrabawar shiga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Faransa.  Bayan ta yi aiki a can na tsawon shekaru 15, ta auri ministan harkokin waje na Faransa Georges Bidault . 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Borel a Toulon a ranar 18 ga Oktoba 1904, 'yar Élie Borel, mai digiri na École Polytechnique kuma wani kwamandan da aka sanya a yankunan Faransa, da Louise Fontan, wanda mahaifinsa Jules Fontan sanannen likitan sojan ruwa ne. Yaronta, wanda ya yi a Faransa, Senegal, Madagascar da Vietnam, ya haɗa da karatun sakandare a Dakar, Toulon, Nîmes da Montpellier . Bayan ta sami digiri na farko a 1922, ta fara karatun falsafar ta kammala a 1927. Ta ci gaba da karatun Sinanci a École des langues orientale da kuma École des Sciences Politiques . 

A watan Fabrairun 1928, mahaifiyarta ta aiko mata da jarida daga Le Temps da ke sanar da dokar da ta ba mata damar yin jarrabawar gasa don shiga aikin diflomasiyya. Kullum tana mafarkin zama jami'in diflomasiyya amma aiki ne da ke buɗewa ga maza kawai. Kokarinta na farko a jarrabawar bai yi nasara ba amma bayan darektan Sciences Po, René Saydoux, ya ba ta damar shiga cikin wani shiri na musamman, ta yi nasarar wuce jarrabawar a shekara mai zuwa, ta zama mace ta farko da ta shiga aikin diflomasiyya na Faransa.  

## Ayyuka
Lokacin da ta shiga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje, an sanar da Borel cewa ba za ta iya aiki a cikin sassan da yawa waɗanda har yanzu ana ajiye su ga maza ba kuma an nemi ta sanya hannu kan takardar da ke tabbatar da fahimtar ta cewa za a ba ta izinin aiki ne kawai a ofisoshin ministan na Paris.[1] Ko da a can, wuraren da kawai ke buɗewa a gare ta za su kasance manema labarai, sashen da ke kula da shiga Faransa a cikin League of Nations, da kuma kula da ayyukan Faransa a kasashen waje, wanda a ƙarshe aka sanya ta. Ta kasance a can har zuwa 1944, daga baya a Vichy.[2] A cikin kalmominta, "Yana da wani nau'i na ajiya da ke hulɗa da wasanni, 'yan jarida da ƙungiyoyi da kuma kungiyoyin agaji na Faransa a ƙasashen waje".[3]

A lokacin da Jamus ta mamaye, Borel ta bambanta kanta a matsayin ma'aikaciyar adawa. A watan Mayu 1944, Gestapo ta yi ƙoƙari ta kama ta, ta tilasta mata ta ɓoye. Lokacin da yaƙin ya ƙare, Georges Bidault, sabon ministan harkokin waje, ya gayyace ta ta yi masa aiki, ya yi mata alkawarin aiki a Kiev. Amma bai taba faruwa ba yayin da suka yi aure a watan Janairun 1946.

Bayan ta yi aiki da kanta a cikin aikin diflomasiyya na tsawon shekaru 15, ta shiga aikin gargajiya na matar diflomasiyyar, tare da shi a tafiye-tafiye zuwa kasashen waje, a liyafa da kuma yakin neman zabe. A shekara ta 1952, ta fara aiki na ɗan lokaci a Ofishin Faransa na kare 'yan gudun hijira da' yan kasa (Ofishin Faransa don Kare' yan gudun hijira). 

Suzanne Borel ta mutu a birnin Paris a ranar 8 ga Nuwamba 1995, tana da shekaru 91. An girmama ta da Légion d'honneur, Croix de Guerre, Médaille de la Résistance da Medal of Freedom . 

*

## Manazarta
Joan M. Tenenbaum

**Joan M. Tenenbaum** masanin harshe ne na Amurka, masanin ilimin ɗan adam kuma mai zane-zane wanda ke ƙwarewa a cikin ƙarfe da kayan ado. Har ila yau, an san ta da takardunta na yaren Dena'ina da kayan ado da ke ba da labaran 'Yan asalin Alaska da kuma shimfidar wuri.

## Rayuwa da tasirin farko
Tenenbaum ya gano yin kayan ado yana da shekaru 13 yayin da yake cikin aji na tara. Ta yi karatun harsunan Romance da Anthropology kuma ta sami B.A. daga Jami'ar Michigan . Ta halarci makarantar digiri na biyu a fannin Anthropology da Linguistics kuma ta sami Ph.D. daga Jami'ar Columbia . Binciken da ta yi ya kai ta Nondalton, wani karamin ƙauye a yankunan karkara na Alaska inda ta zauna na tsawon shekaru biyu don yin rikodin yaren Dena'ina. A cikin shekaru biyu da suka biyo baya ta rubuta wani harshe na Dena'ina verb don rubutun ta, Morphology and Semantics of the Tanaina Verb,  kuma ta tattara ƙamus na farko na harshen da ke cikin haɗari. Ta kuma fassara kuma ta tattara labaru 24 waɗanda ta rubuta kuma ta rubuta a Nondalton, don littafinta Dena'ina Sukdu'a: Tarihin gargajiya na Tanaina Athabaskans, wanda aka fara bugawa a shekara ta 1976. Dukkanin rubutun da tarin labarun Dena'ina har yanzu masana harsuna suna ɗaukar su a yau a matsayin mafi kyawun filin.

Bayan kammala Ph.D. Tenenbaum ta zauna tare da mutanen Yup'ik da Iñupiat a wasu ƙauyuka da yawa na Alaska, tana koyarwa da daidaita shirye-shiryen isar da karkara don Jami'ar Alaska, daga cikinsu Shirin X-CED. A duk waɗannan shekarun, ta ci gaba da yin kayan ado kuma ba ta taɓa barin mafarkinta na wata rana ta zama mai zane-zane na cikakken lokaci ba.

A shekara ta 1982 Tenenbaum ta canza hanyoyi kuma ta fara ba da kanta ga aikinta na yin kayan ado, tana karatu tare da mai ba da shawara, da kuma bin azuzuwan, tana kalubalantar kanta don sanin dabarun da suka fi wuya. A cikin lokaci, abubuwan da suka canza rayuwa na karɓar bakuncin su da ƙaunatacciyar al'ummomin ƙauyen Alaska sun fara fitowa a cikin aikin kayan ado. Bugu da ƙari, ta ci gaba da komawa Alaska kuma ta ziyarci mutanen da ta zauna tare. Abin da ya haifar shi ne kira na hangen nesa na Anthropologist tare da sadaukar da kai ga rayuwarsa ga fasahar yin kayan ado. 

Yayin da fahimtarta game da al'adu daban-daban da kuma yanayin da suke zaune ke ƙara zurfafawa a tsawon lokaci, kuma yayin da ƙwarewarta a fannin ƙera zinare ta ƙaru, kayan adon Tenenbaum sun ƙara zama masu sarkakiya da inganci, suna nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin ɗan adam da duniyar halitta. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

Kowanne yanki an ƙera shi da hannu, wanda ya haɗa da ƙarfe masu daraja, duwatsu masu daraja, enamel na cloisonné, da kuma dabarun ƙera ƙarfe da na zinariya iri-iri. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

Aikinta ya isar da labarai daga al'ummomin da ta zauna da su, ya binciko hanyoyin da mutane ke mu'amala da muhallinsu, sannan ya jawo hankalin wurare masu kyau. &#x5B; ** &#x5D; Gabaɗaya, kayan suna aiki a matsayin ƙananan shimfidar wurare masu sauƙin ɗauka waɗanda ke haɗa ra'ayoyin al'adu tare da wayar da kan jama'a game da muhalli.

## manazarta