Hoàng Thị Minh Hồng

**Hoàng Thị Minh Hồng** (an haife shi a 5 ga Oktoba 1972)  shi ne Mai kare haƙƙin ɗan adam na muhalli na Vietnam wanda ya kafa kuma ya ba da umarnin ƙungiyar kare muhalli.  A shekara ta 2023, an daure ta saboda kauce wa haraji,  bayan shari'ar da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, da kasashe kamar Amurka suka soki saboda siyasa.

An gafarta wa Hồng kuma an sake shi daga kurkuku a ranar Jumma'a, 20 ga Satumba, 2024, kusan watanni 16 bayan kama shi.

## Ayyuka
Hồng ya yi aiki ga Asusun Kula da namun daji na Duniya daga 2002 zuwa 2009. Daga baya ta kafa "Changes" (mai suna CHANGE VN da kuma acronym don Cibiyar Ayyuka da Networking for Growth and Environment)  wanda ya yi aiki a kan Batutuwan muhalli a Vietnam daga 2013 zuwa 2022. Kungiyar ba da riba ce ta ƙasa tare da manufar wayar da kan jama'a da kuma karfafa al'umma don kare yanayi, muhalli, da namun daji; yaki da Canjin yanayi; da inganta ci gaba mai ɗorewa. Hồng ya yanke shawara a cikin 2022 don rufe kungiyar wani bangare ne saboda an kama Masu fafutukar kare muhalli da yawa a wannan shekarar da kuma a cikin 2021. A cikin 2023, ta fara wani mai ba da shawara kan muhalli da ake kira CHOICE . 

A shekara ta 1997, ita ce mutum na farko na Vietnam da ya kafa a Antarctica  kuma ya zama Matashi na UNESCO. A cikin 2015, Climate Heroes sun lissafa ta a matsayin jarumi na muhalli. A cikin 2018, tsohon Shugaban Amurka Barack Obama ya rubuta cewa Hồng na ɗaya daga cikin matasa waɗanda suka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi a cikin shekara;  ita ce mutumin Vietnam na farko da ya sami tallafin karatu na Gidauniyar Obama a Jami'ar Columbia.  A cikin 2019, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu karɓar lambar yabo ta Inspirational Ambassador a 2019 WeChoice Awards  kuma ta lashe taken Green Warrior of the Year a Elle Style Awards.  Har ila yau, a cikin 2019, mujallar Forbes ta zabi Hồng a matsayin daya daga cikin mata 50 mafi tasiri a Vietnam. 

## Hukunce-hukunce don kauce wa haraji
A watan Yunin 2023, an tsare Hồng kan zargin kauce wa haraji. Hồng shi ne mai fafutukar kare muhalli na biyar da aka kama a kan wannan zargi, bayan Mai Phan Lợi, Đặng Đình Bách, Ng__orm__ Thị Khanh, da Bạch Hùng Dương .  A baya, lokacin da aka kama wasu masu fafutukar kare muhalli hudu a watan Oktoba na 2022, Hồng ya sanar da rushewar kungiyar Canji bayan shekaru goma na aiki.

Ben Swanton, co-direkta na Project 88 da ke aiki don kare hakkin dan adam a Vietnam, ya ce nan da nan bayan an kama masu fafutukar kare muhalli guda huɗu saboda kauce wa haraji a cikin 2021-2022, Hồng ya nemi hukuma daga Ma'aikatar Haraji ta Birni game da matsayin haraji na kungiyar Canji. Amsar ma'aikatar haraji, a cewar Swanton, "shaida ce game da matsayin canjin haraji. Saboda haka, ba bisa ka'ida ba ne ga 'yan sanda su caji Hồng da kauce wa haraji". 

A ranar 28 ga Satumba 2023, an yi wa đồng shari'a a Kotun Jama'a ta Birnin Hồ Chí Minh, an same ta da laifin kauce wa haraji kusan US $ 280,000,  wanda aka umarce ta da ta biya cikakken adadin, ta ci tarar miliyan 100 (sama da US $ 4,000), tare da kuɗin kotu na miliyan 96, kuma an yanke mata hukuncin shekaru uku a kurkuku. 

### Halin da aka yi

#### Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ƙasashen waje
Hukumar kare hakkin dan adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta lura cewa Hồng shine mai fafutukar kare muhalli na biyar da aka kama saboda kauce wa haraji a Vietnam a cikin shekaru biyu. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi imanin cewa kamawar wani bangare ne na yunkurin da gwamnatin Vietnam ke takaita 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki. A watan Yulin 2023, Mai ba da rahoto na musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da masana Majalisar Dinkinobho sun rubuta wa gwamnati - duk da haka, bayan kwanaki 60 gwamnati ba ta amsa ba kuma mai ba da rahoton ya buga wasikar.

Gwamnatocin kasashen waje da yawa sun ce Just Energy Transition Partnership (tallafin kasa da kasa don fitar da wutar lantarki a Vietnam) yana buƙatar shigawar masu gwagwarmayar farar hula. Amurka ta dauki ra'ayi cewa kamawar wani bangare ne na wani yunkuri na gwamnatin Vietnam da ke hana 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki,  tare da mai magana da yawun Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka Matthew Miller yana bayyana a watan Yunin 2023 cewa "yana damuwa game da tsare shugabanci da ma'aikatan kungiyar CHANGE, gami da ci gaba da tsare wanda ya kafa ta Hoàng Thị Minh Hồng";  a watan, Ma'aikalin Harkokin Waje na Burtaniya ya yi kira ga "gwamnatin Vietnam ta sadaukar da duk ayyukanta na duniya don girmama duk 'yancin' yancin faɗakarwa da haɗin kai"  kuma daga watan Oktoba, sun dace da juna.

#### Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam
Phil Robertson, mataimakin darektan Asia Division of Human Rights Watch (HRW), ya zargi hukumomin Vietnam da "yi amfani da ka'idar haraji a matsayin makami don azabtar da shugabannin muhalli waɗanda Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci mai mulki ta ɗauka barazana ga ikonsu",  yayin da Ben Swanton, co-darakta na Project 88 da ke aiki don haƙƙin ɗan adam na Vietnam, ya ce shari'ar "cikakken karya" kuma cewa dokar tana "an yi amfani da ita don manufar tsanantawa ta siyasa".

A watan Yunin 2023, kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam da muhalli sittin da biyar sun buga wasika ga tsohon shugaban Amurka Barack Obama, suna rokonsa ya yi kira ga gwamnatin Vietnam da ta saki Hồng ba tare da wani sharadi ba. Sun ce kama ta daya daga cikin jerin tuhumar da aka yi amfani da ita ta hanyar siyasa wanda ya yi amfani da zarge-zargen karya na kauce wa haraji don aikata laifuka ayyukan kare yanayi.

## Manazarta