Omali Yeshitela

**Omali Yeshitela** (haifaffen **Joseph Waller**, 9 ga watan Oktoba, shekara ta alif 1941) shine ya kafa ƙungiyar Uhuru Movement, wata kungiya ta kasa da kasa ta Afirka da ke St. Petersburg, Florida tare da membobi a wasu sassan duniya.

## Tarihin farko
An haife shi a St. Petersburg, Florida, Yeshitela ya shiga cikin ƙungiyoyin 'Yancin Bil'adama a cikin kuruciyarsa a shekara ta 1950s zuwa shekara ta  1960s a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Gudanar da vioalibi. A mafi girman ƙungiyoyin 'Yancin Bil Adama a St. Petersburg, an daure Waller a cikin shhekara ta 1966, lokacin da ya yage wani bangon da aka nuna a zauren birni wanda ya nuna mawaƙan bakake da ke tsegumin fararen' yan biki, wani yanayi Waller ya kira wani kaskanci caricature na Bakin Amurkawa. Duk da haka, Herman Goldner, magajin garin St. Petersburg a lokacin kuma mai fafutukar kare hakin jama'a da kansa, ya yi watsi da ikirarin Waller. "Ba na ganin wani abu mai ban haushi a cikin hoto na yawo da damuwa da masu yawon shakatawa a bakin Tekun Pass-a-Grille. . . . Ina tsammanin kun san cewa ni, da kaina, ba dan wariyar launin fata ba ne. Ina tsammanin ... cewa dukkan ƙungiyoyinmu marasa rinjaye dole ne su balaga har zuwa inda sanin kai ba abin motsawa bane ga korafi. ” 

Waller ya shafe shekaru biyu da rabi a kurkuku.  Bayan sakin Waller, an kwace masa 'yancin yin zabe na shekaru da dama har sai da Gwamna Jeb Bush da membobi uku na majalisar Florida suka maido wa Waller Haƙƙin jefa ƙuri'a a shekara ta 2000.

## Ƙungiyoyin jama'a
A cikin fafutukar da yake yi na farar hula a mahaifarsa ta St. Petersburg, Yeshitela ya kuma jaddada ra'ayinsa cewa ci gaban siyasa da tattalin arziki zai kawo ƙarshen zaluncin da ake yi wa al'ummomin Afirka a duk duniya. Ya koma Oakland, California a shekara ta 1981, yana zaune yana aiki a can. 

Yeshitela ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Magajin Garin St. Petersburg David Fischer shekara ta 2001 da kuma Kwamitin Shawarwari na Fatan VI na Hukumar St. Ya kuma jagoranci kwamitin ayyukan siyasa na Coalition of African American Leadership, wanda ya kunshi wasu majami'u bakaken fata da ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin jama'a a yankin, kuma yayi aiki a hukumar gidan rediyon WMNF. Tare da wasu 'yan takara takwas, Yeshitela ya yi takarar kujerar magajin gari a watan Fabrairun shekarar 2001 . Kodayake bai kai ga zagaye na biyu ba, ya ci nasarar kowane Ba'amurke dan Afirka da yanki mai hadewa amma ɗaya a cikin birni duka.

Yeshitela kuma shine ya kafa Citizens United don Ci gaban Raba.

## Motsa Uhuru
Yunkurin **Uhuru** yana nufin gungun ƙungiyoyi a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idar " kishin ƙasa ta Afirka ," ko 'yantar da' yan Afirka a cikin nahiyoyin Afirka da na Afirka . 'Uhuru' kalma ce ta Swahili don *<nowiki/>'yanci* . Ƙungiyar ta Yeshitela ne ke jagorantar **Jam'iyyar Socialist Socialist Party** (APSP).

APSP ta kafa kungiyoyi da yawa, kowannensu yana da takamaiman ayyuka da manufa. Kungiyoyin da ke da alaka sun hada da The International People's Democratic Movement Movement, African Socialist International, Kwamitin Kawancen Jama'ar Afirka, da Burning Spear Media, asusun Ilimi da Tsaro na Jama'ar Afirka da Shirin Ci gaban Al'umma da Karfafawa Al'ummar Afirka.

A watan Mayun shekara ta 1972, bayan da aka sake shi daga kurkuku, Yeshitela ya kafa jam'iyyar African People’s Socialist Party (APSP), jam'iyyar siyasa da aka kafa a kan akidar da ta hada bakar kishin kasa da gurguzu da ake kira " African internationalism ."  Yeshitela daga baya ya kafa wata kungiya don fararen fata don shiga cikin hadin gwiwa da manufofin APSP, Kwamitin Kawancen Jama'ar Afirka.

Daga baya, APSP ta kafa Kungiyar Jama'ar Demokradiyya ta Duniya (INPDUM) don yin aiki a karkashin ka'idar jagora cewa hanyar da kawai 'yan Afirka za su iya samun' yanci da cin gashin kansu ita ce fafutukar neman gwamnatin gurguzu ta Afirka baki ɗaya a ƙarƙashin jagorancin ma'aikatan Afirka da talakawa talakawa.

Yeshitela ya kuma kafa Asusun Ilimi da Tsaro na Jama'ar Afirka, wanda ke neman magance banbance -banbance a fannin ilimi da kiwon lafiya da 'yan Afirka ke fuskanta, da kuma Burning Spear Productions, ƙungiyar wallafawa ta APSP.

APSP tana da alaka da African Socialist International, wata kungiya Yeshitela ta taimaka ta kafa wacce ke neman hada kan masu gurguzu na Afirka da kungiyoyin 'yanci na ƙasa a ƙarƙashin inuwar juyin juya hali guda daya na adawa da mulkin mallaka da neocolonialism.

Yana kira da a biya diyya ga bakar fata. Yeshitela ta kafa wata ƙungiya mai habaka ramuwar gayya don bautar, yana mai cewa mutanen Afirka a duk duniya sun cancanci biyan diyya fiye da bautar, amma kuma fiye da shekaru 500 na mulkin mallaka da mulkin mallaka. 

## A cikin al'adun gargajiya

* An buga wasu maganganun Yeshitela a cikin wakoki da yawa na kundin *Bari Mu Samu Kyauta* ta hip-hop duo Dead Prez .

* Hakanan an buga wasu maganganun Yeshitela a cikin fim din fasalin Chris Fuller *Loren Cass* . 

* An kuma buga wasu daga cikin maganganun Yeshitela a cikin*[https://comradexiangyu.bandcamp.com/album/a-single-spark 星星之火 (A Single Spark)] * ta Mawakin Amurka da mawaƙin Zhong Xiangyu .

* An sake yin ƙarin bayani na jawabin Yeshitela a cikin fim din *Loren Cass*, wanda aka mai da hankali kan tasirin harbin TyRon Lewis na 1996 a St. Petersburg.

* Benny the Butcher yayi amfani da wani ɗan magana na Yeshitela azaman hanyar buɗewa akan 2019 EP *The Plugs I Met* 

## Littattafai
An buga kai da kai tare da Burning Spear Uhuru Publications / African Socialist Party:

* *A kan Ƙasashen Duniya na Afirka* (1978)
* *Dabara da Dabarun Fitar da Baki a Amurka*, 1978
* *Yakin Gurasa, Aminci da Karfin karfi*, shekara 1981
* *An sace Black Labour*, shekara 1982
* *Reparations Yanzu!*, 1983
* *Sabuwar Farko kuma Ba Mataki Guda Ba*, shekaras 1984
* *Hanya zuwa Gurguzanci an Fentin Baki*, shekara 1987
* *Izwe Lethu a Afirka!* *(Afirka Shine Kasar Mu)shekara*  (1991)
* *Adalcin Zamantakewa da Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki ga Al'ummar Afirka: Dalilin da ya sa na zama Mai Juyi* shekara (1997)
* *Harsunan Harshen Juyin Juya Hali: Gwagwarmayar Kayar da Tawaye a Amurka* (1997)
* *Kashe Al'adun Rikici*, na Penny Hess da Omali Yeshitela, 2000 (  )
* *Afirka ɗaya!* *Al'umma Daya!* (2006), 
* *Omali Yeshitela yayi Magana: Ƙasashen Duniya na Afirka, Ka'idar Siyasa don Zamaninmu* (2005) 
* *Mutum Daya!* *Jam'iyya Daya!* *Kaddara Daya!* , 2010 (  )
* *Daidaitaccen rashin daidaituwa: Juyin Juya Halin Afirka da Tsarin Jari -hujja*,shekara  2014 (  )
* *Vanguard: Babban Rikicin Juyin Juya Halin Afirka*

## Duba kuma

* Gurguzanci na Afirka
* Kungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama
* Motsa Uhuru
* Karfin Karfi 
* Kasashen Duniya na Afirka
* *Jaridar Labarai Mai Konewa*

## Manazarta

## Littafin tarihin

* *Inganta Mutuncin* Policean sanda, ta Carl B. Klockars, Sanja Kutnjak Ivković, Maria R. Haberfeld, shekara 2006 (  ).
* "Uhuru ka ba?  Hadu da karamin sananniyar kungiyar bakar fata a bayan sanannun ma'aikata "  , ta Tom Dreisbach, *Philadelphia Citypaper*, Agusta 12,ga watan  2009.
* "Jami'ai a St. Petersburg Sun Kira Rikicin Ra'ayin 'Lissafi'", na Mireya Navarro, *[[New York Times]]*, Nuwamba 15,ga wata  1996.
* "Ƙoƙarin Warkar da Tsoffin Raunin Raunin Raɗaɗi yana Kawo Sabon Rikici", na Rick Bragg, *[[New York Times]]*, 3 ga wata  Yuli, 1999.

## Hanyoyin waje

* Shafin Yanar Gizon African Socialist International
* Yanar Gizo APSP
* Dead Prez Lets Get Free , album Prez album wanda ke nuna rikodin Omali Yeshitela.
* Harkar Uhuru Kenyatta ta Jama'ar Duniya
* Kungiyar Afirka ta Uhuru
* Motsa Uhuru
* Kona Mashi Uhuru Publications