Harshen Faransanci a Maroko

Faransanci yana daya daga cikin yarukan da ake magana a Maroko. Amfani da Faransanci gado ne na mulkin mallaka na Faransa (1912-1956).  Faransanci ba shi da matsayin da aka amince da shi a hukumance a Maroko, amma ana amfani da shi sau da yawa don kasuwanci, diflomasiyya, da gwamnati, yana aiki a matsayin harshen magana tare da wadanda ba Maroko ba da kuma wadanda ba Larabawa ba. Aleya Rouchdy, marubucin Language Contact and Language Conflict a cikin Larabci, ya ce "Domin duk dalilai masu amfani, ana amfani da Faransanci a matsayin yare na biyu. "  Kimanin 2021, tasirin Faransanci ya kalubalanci na Turanci.   Duk da haka, tun daga shekara ta 2010, Faransanci ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin hanyar da za ta haɗa ƙasar "ba kawai zuwa Turai ba har ma da Afirka mai magana da Faransanci".

Kimanin masu magana da Faransanci a Maroko ya bambanta da tushe. A cewar Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, kashi 33% na Maroko suna magana da Faransanci a cikin 2007, kashi 13.5% suna da cikakken harshen Faransanci (masu magana da kyau) da kuma kashi 19.5% na ɓangaren Faransanci.

## Tarihi

Yarjejeniyar Fes ta 1912, wacce ta kafa Tsaron Faransa a Maroko, an tattauna ta a Faransanci, tare da Abdelqader Ben Ghabrit yana fassara da fassara ga Sultan Abd al-Hafid, wanda ke magana da Larabci. Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Faransa a Maroko sun gabatar da harshen Faransanci ga kasar, suna mai da shi harshen gwamnati, koyarwar ilimi, da kafofin watsa labarai; saboda haka ana amfani da Larabci na zamani ne kawai don ayyukan gargajiya da ayyukan addini. Gwamnatin Faransa ta yi niyyar al'adun Faransanci da harshen Faransanci a matsayin "civilization da ci gaba".

A shekara ta 1956 Morocco ta ayyana 'yancin kai, kuma a cikin gwamnati ta ayyana Larabci na zamani a matsayin harshen hukuma. A farkon shekarun 1960 gwamnatin Maroko ta fara aiwatar da Arabisation, wanda shugaban Istiqlal Allal al-Fassi ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. Bayan samun 'yancin kai, don sauƙaƙe ci gaban tattalin arziki da haɓaka alakarsa da Turai, gwamnatin Maroko ta yanke shawarar ƙarfafa alakarta da Faransa, wanda ya haifar da inganta Faransanci.

A karkashin Hassan II, an yi amfani da Arabisation na bil'adama don murkushe tunani mai mahimmanci - maye gurbin batun "Sociology" da "Tunanin Islama," misali  - a cikin wani yunkuri wanda Susan Gilson Miller ta bayyana a matsayin "mummunan yunkuri na inganta yanayin ra'ayin mazan jiya a cikin ilimi da kuma rage sha'awar tasirin da ke fitowa daga Turai.

## Matsayi da manufar
Ana amfani da Faransa galibi a cikin gudanarwa, banki, kasuwanci, ilimi, da masana'antu. Rouchdy ya ce a cikin Maroko, Faransanci "shi ne abin hawa na kimiyya, fasaha, da al'adun zamani. "  Rouchdy ta ci gaba da bayyana cewa an "ci gaba da amfani da harshen don dalilai na kayan aiki da kuma gina lambobin sadarwa tare da Yamma gaba ɗaya. "  Harshen Faransanci ya zama mai tushe a fannoni daban-daban na al'ummar Maroko, gami da ilimi, gwamnati, kafofin watsa labarai, da kuma kamfanoni masu zaman kansu saboda ikon mulkin mallaka na Faransa da ke aiwatar da manufofin yada harshen Faransanci a duk faɗin Maroko a zamanin mulkin mallaka.  Ya zuwa shekara ta 2005, cinikayya da Faransa ta kai sama da kashi 75% na cinikin duniya na Morocco. Ennaji ya rubuta, "A cikin wannan mahallin, mutum na iya fahimtar muhimmin matsayi na Faransanci, wanda aka share ma'anar mulkin mallaka ko aƙalla an rage shi sosai ta hanyar 'yancin kai".

## Manazarta