Yanayin Habasha

Habasha tana cikin Horn of Africa . Yana da iyaka da Eritrea a arewa, Djibouti da Somaliya a gabas, Sudan da Sudan ta Kudu a yamma, da Kenya a kudu. Habasha tana da babban tsaunin tsakiya, Abyssinian Highlands (ko Habasha Highlands) wanda ya bambanta daga 1,290 zuwa 3,000   sama da matakin teku, tare da wasu duwatsu 25 waɗanda tsaunuka suka tashi sama da mita 4,000 (13,200 ft), mafi girma shine Ras Dashen a mita 4,543 (14,538 ft). &nbsp;&nbsp;

Hawan yana da girma gabaɗaya kafin ma'anar saukowa zuwa Babban Rift Valley, wanda ke raba filin a cikin layi. Koguna da yawa sun ratsa filin; musamman Blue Nile da ke fitowa daga Tafkin Tana. Filin ya gangara a hankali zuwa ƙasashen Sudan a yamma da filayen Somaliya a gabas. Yankin yammacin Habasha shine Kogin Pibor a gaban ƙauyen Sudan na Denjok . Garin da ya fi gabashinsa yana kan iyakar gabashin yankin Dollo da ke gaban jihohin Puntland da Galmudug.

Tsakanin kwarin Upper Nile da iyakar Habasha da Sudan da Sudan ta Kudu yanki ne mai tsawo wanda daga ciki ya tashi da tsaunuka da duwatsu daban-daban waɗanda suka zama tsaunukan Habasha. A kusan kowane bangare, ganuwar tsaunuka sun tashi kwatsam daga filayen, suna samar da sarkar tsaunuka na waje. Saboda haka tsaunuka suna da alamar yanki. A Eritrea, bangon gabashin wannan tudu yana tafiya daidai da Bahar Maliya daga Ras Kasar (18 ° N) zuwa Annesley Bay (wanda aka fi sani da Bay of Zula) (15 ° N). Daga nan sai ya juya zuwa kudu zuwa Habasha kuma ya bi layin 40 ° E na kimanin kilomita  (373 . 

Kimanin 9 ° N akwai raguwa a cikin bango, ta hanyar da Kogin Awash ke gudana zuwa gabas. Babban kewayon a wannan lokacin yana kudu maso yamma, yayin da kudancin kwarin Awash, wanda yake da kimanin    a ƙasa da matakin duwatsu, wani dutse ya tashi a cikin layin kai tsaye a kudu. Wannan kewayon na biyu yana aika sarkar (Dutse na Ahmar) zuwa gabas zuwa Tekun Aden . 

Manyan gabashin gabashin biyu suna kula da layi daya kudu da yamma, tare da kwarin da ke tsakanin - wanda kwarin yana da jerin tabkuna - zuwa kusan 3 ° N, waje (gabas) na tsaunuka na tsaunin har yanzu suna ci gaba da kasancewa tare da layin 40 ° E. Kudancin tsaunin tsaunin yana da matukar daidaituwa, amma yana da babban shugabanci arewa maso yamma da kudu maso gabas daga 6 ° N zuwa 3 ° N. Yana kallon baƙin ciki wanda shine Tafkin Turkana da - yankin Kudancin mutanen Omobub, Yankin Kudancin Yankin Ƙasashen Kudu.

Gabashin gabashin shine mafi kyawun bayanin waɗannan kewayon waje. Yana da matsakaicin tsawo na 2,100 zuwa 2,400  , kuma a wurare da yawa yana tashi kusan a tsaye daga fili. Ƙananan da zurfi, ta hanyar da koguna masu saukowa da ke rasa kansu a cikin yashi na bakin tekun Eritrea, suna ba da hanyar isa ga tudu, ko kuma hanya mai sauƙi ta hanyar Awash Valley za a iya zaɓar. A kan shawo kan wannan shingen dutse, matafiyi ya gano cewa ganuwar da ke kewaye da ita ta tashi kadan sama da matakin al'ada na tudu.

Yanayin jiki na tsaunuka yana da ban sha'awa. Yankin arewa ya kasance galibi tsakanin 10 ° da 15 ° N. Ya ƙunshi babban taro na duwatsun Archaean tare da matsakaicin tsawo na 2,000 zuwa 2,200   sama da matakin teku, kuma an ambaliya a cikin zurfin tsakiya na ruwan Tafkin Tana. Sama da tsaunin tsaunuka da yawa ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma gabaɗaya ba a bayyana su ba waɗanda suka kai tsawo daga    zuwa ƙasa da   . Yawancin duwatsu suna da siffar da ba a saba gani ba.

Halin ƙasar shine manyan fissures waɗanda suka raba shi, waɗanda aka kafa a tsawon lokaci ta hanyar aikin rushewa ruwa. Su ne kwarin koguna, waɗanda ke tasowa a kan tsaunuka ko bangarorin tsaunuka, sun yanke hanyarsu zuwa ƙasashen da ke kewaye da su. Wasu daga cikin kwarin suna da faɗin gaske; a wasu lokuta bangarorin da ke gaban gorges suna da mita ɗari biyu ko uku kawai, kuma sun faɗi kusan dubban mita, suna wakiltar rushewar dubban cubic mita na dutse mai wuya. Ɗaya daga cikin sakamakon aikin ruwa shine samar da tsaunuka masu yawa ko ƙananan tsaunuka, waɗanda aka sani da ambas, tare da kusan bangarorin madaidaiciya.

Ana samun tsaunuka mafi girma a cikin Semien da Bale. Duwatsun Semien suna arewa maso gabashin Tafkin Tana kuma sun ƙare a saman Ras Dashen, wanda ke da tsawo na   . 'Yan kilomita gabas da arewa bi da bi na Ras Dashen sune Dutsen Biuat da Abba Yared, waɗanda taron su na ƙasa da mita 100 (328  a ƙasa da na Ras Dachen . 

The Bale Mountains are separated from the larger part of the Ethiopian highlands by the Great Rift Valley, one of the longest and most profound chasms in Ethiopia. The highest peaks of that range include Tullu Demtu, the second-highest mountain in Ethiopia (), Batu (), Chilalo () and Mount Kaka ().

Daidai da tsaunuka na gabas sune tsaunuka da Biala,  m (12,500 , Dutsen Abuna Yosef,   , da Kollo,   , wanda aka sanya masa suna kudu maso yammacin Magdala. Tsakanin Tafkin Tana da tuddai na gabas sune Dutsen Guna,   , da Uara Sahia,   .  A cikin Dutsen Choqa na Misraq Gojjam, Dutsen Choq (wanda aka fi sani da Dutsen Birhan) ya kai tsawo na   .

Da ke ƙasa da 10 ° N, yankin kudancin tsaunuka yana da fili mai budewa fiye da yankin arewa kuma ƙananan tsaunuka masu tsawo. Kodayake akwai 'yan tsawo tsakanin 3,000 da 4,000  , yawancin ba su wuce   , amma halayen yankunan kudanci iri ɗaya ne da na arewa: tudu mai tsaunuka da yawa.

Gabashin tsaunuka zuwa Bahar Maliya akwai wani yanki na hamada, wuraren ciyawa na Habasha da wuraren shrubs.

### Ilimin ruwa

Yawancin tsaunin Habasha suna da yanke shawara zuwa arewa maso yamma, ta yadda kusan dukkanin manyan koguna suna gudana ta wannan hanyar zuwa kogin Nilu, wanda ya ƙunshi kusan kashi 85% na ruwansa.  Irin su ne kogin Tekeze da ke arewa, da Abay a tsakiya, da kuma Sobat a kudu, kuma kusan kashi hudu cikin biyar na magudanar ruwa ana fitar da su ne ta wadannan hanyoyin arteries guda uku.  Wani babban kogi shi ne Omo mai gudana a kudu, wanda kashi 14% na dukkan magudanun ruwa mafi girma a wajen babban kogin da aka ambata a sama suna kwarara zuwa yamma, kuma ya zuwa yanzu babban mai ciyar da Basin Turkana na endorheic tare da tafkin Turkana.  Sauran kuma Awash ne ke dauke da shi, wanda ke fitowa a gundumar saline lacustrine da ke kan iyaka da Djibouti;  kusa da kogin Shebelle da Jubba, wanda ke ratsa kudu maso gabas ta kasar Somaliya, duk da cewa Shebelle ya kan kasa isa Tekun Indiya.

Kogin Tekeze, wanda shine ainihin hanyar saman kogin Atbarah, yana da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa a tsakiyar teburi;  kuma ya faɗi daga kusan 2,100 zuwa 750 m (6,890 zuwa 2,461 ft).  A cikin katafaren mashigar da ta ratsa yamma, arewa, ta zama wani yanki na kan iyaka da Eritriya, da yamma kuma ta gangara zuwa filayen yamma, inda ta wuce daga Habasha zuwa Sudan.  A lokacin damina Tekeze (watau "Mummunan") yana tashi da nisan mita 5 (16.4 ft) sama da matakin da ya saba, kuma a wannan lokacin ya haifar da wani shinge mai yuwuwa tsakanin yankuna arewa da tsakiya.  A cikin ƙananan tafiyarsa, ana san kogin da sunan Larabci Setit.

A Sudan, Setit ya haɗu (a 14°20′N 35°51′E / 14.333°N 35.850°E / 14. 333; 35.850) ta hanyar Atbarah, kogi da koguna da yawa suka kafa wanda ya tashi a cikin duwatsu yamma da arewa maso yammacin Tafkin Tana. Gash ko Mareb, wanda ya zama wani ɓangare na iyaka da Eritrea, shine mafi arewacin koguna masu tsawo waɗanda ke gudana zuwa kwarin Nilu. Ruwansa ya tashi a gefen ƙasa na gabashin gabashin a cikin kilomita 80 na Annesley Bay a kan Bahar Maliya. Ya kai filayen Sudan kusa da Kassala, bayan inda ruwansa ya ɓace a cikin ƙasa mai yashi. Mareb ya bushe na wani bangare na shekara, amma kamar Takazze yana ƙarƙashin sanyi na kwatsam a lokacin ruwan sama. Sai kawai gefen hagu na saman kogin yana cikin yankin Habasha. 

Abay - wato, saman Blue Nile - yana da tushe a kusa da Dutsen Denguiza a cikin tsaunukan Choqa, a kusa da 11°0′N 37°0′E / 11.000°N 37.000°E / 11.000. Da farko yana gudana na kilomita  (68.4  kusan saboda arewa zuwa kudancin Tekun Tana. Tana, wanda ke tsaye  zuwa 1,000   a ƙasa da matakin al'ada na tudu, yana da ɗan fasalin jiki na rami mai ambaliyar ruwa. Yana da yanki na kimanin  kilomita 2,800 (1,081 sq , da zurfi a wasu sassan 75  ft). A kusurwar kudu maso gabas gefen rami, kamar yadda yake, ya fashe da wani rami mai zurfi wanda Abay ya tsere, kuma a nan yana yin babban juzu'i kamar na Tekezé, amma a baya - gabas, kudu da arewa maso yamma - har zuwa filayen Sennar, inda yake ɗaukar sunan Bahr-el-Azrak ko Blue Nile.&nbsp;

Abay yana da masu goyon baya da yawa. Daga cikin wadannan, Bashilo ya tashi kusa da Magdala kuma ya zubar da gabashin Amhara; Jamma ya tashi kusa le Ankober kuma ya zubare arewacin Shoa; Muger ya tashi kusa na Addis Ababa kuma ya zub da kudu maso yammacin Shoa, Didessa, mafi girma daga cikin masu wadata na Abay, ya tashi a cikin tsaunukan Kaffa kuma yana da hanyar kudu zuwa arewa; Dabus yana gudana kusa da gefen yammacin tsaunuka. Duk waɗannan koguna ne masu ɗorewa. Yankunan hannun dama, waɗanda suka tashi mafi yawa a gefen yammacin tsaunin, suna da gangara masu tsawo kuma suna da halayyar ruwa. Beles, duk da haka, yana da tsayi, kuma Rahad da Dinder muhimman koguna ne a lokacin ambaliyar ruwa.

A cikin duwatsu da tsaunuka na Gambela da Kaffa a kudu maso yammacin Habasha Baro, Gelo, Akobo da sauran manyan masu arziki na Sobat na Kogin Nilu. Akobo, a cikin kimanin 7°47′N 33°3′E / 7.783°N 33.050°E / 7. 783; 33.050, ya shiga Pibor, wanda a cikin kimanin 8°30′N 33 °20′E / 8.500°N 33.333°E / 8. 500; 33.333 ya haɗu da Baro, kogin da ke ƙasa da haɗuwa da sunan Sobat. Wadannan koguna suna saukowa daga duwatsu a cikin manyan faduwa, kuma kamar sauran kogunan Habasha ba za a iya tafiya a cikin hanyoyin su na sama ba. Baro a kan isa fili ya zama, duk da haka, rafi mai tafiya wanda ke ba da hanyar ruwa mai buɗewa zuwa Kogin Nilu. Baro, Pibor da Akobo sun samar da iyakar yamma da kudu maso yammacin Habasha na kilomita  (249 . 

Bayan tafiya mai laushi na kimanin kilomita  (497 , Kogin Awash ya wuce (a cikin ƙananan yankunansa) ta hanyar jerin badds (lagoons) zuwa Tafkin Abbe (ko Abhe Bid) a kan iyaka da Djibouti da wasu kilomita 100 zuwa 110 (62 zuwa 68  daga kan Tekun Tadjoura. A cikin wannan tafkin kogin Awash ya ɓace. Wannan abin mamaki ya bayyana ta hanyar matsayin Lake Abbe a tsakiyar wani tafkin saline lacustrine depression da dama daruruwan mita a kasa da matakin teku. Duk da yake mafi yawan sauran tafkunan suna da gishiri sosai, tare da gishiri mai zurfi a gefen su, Tafkin Abbe ya kasance sabo a ko'ina cikin shekara, saboda babban jikin ruwa da Awash ya fitar a ciki.

Wani yanki na lacustrine ya tashi daga tudun Shoan kudu maso yamma zuwa Samburu (Lake Turkana).  A cikin wannan jerin tafkuna masu ban sha'awa - wasu sabo ne, wasu masu katsalandan, wasu a rufe gaba daya, wasu kuma ta hanyar gajerun tashoshi - manyan hanyoyin da suka dace daga arewa zuwa kudu su ne: Zway, masu sadarwa zuwa kudu da Hara da Lamina, duk a shiyyar Arsi;  sai Abijatta da wata hanya zuwa wani ɗan ƙaramin juyi zuwa yankunan Baroda da Gamo, wanda aka yi wa gefen yamma da gangaren ciyayi da jeri mai tsayi daga 2,000 m (6,562 ft) zuwa kusan 3,000 m (9,843 ft) tsayi;  A ƙarshe, Tafkin Chew Bahir (wanda aka fi sani da Lake Stephanie) wanda ke rufe gaba ɗaya kuma yana faɗuwa zuwa matakin kusan 550 m (1,804 ft) sama da matakin teku.

A cikin wannan tsarin akwai tafkin Turkana makwabta, wanda ya fi sauran duka tare. Wannan tafkin yana karɓar ruwan Omo a ƙarshen arewacinsa, wanda ke tasowa a cikin tsaunuka na Shoan kuma kogi ne mai ɗorewa tare da wadata da yawa. A cikin tafiyarsa na kimanin kilomita  (373  yana da jimlar faduwar kusan   , daga    a asalinsa zuwa c.    a matakin tafkin, kuma saboda haka rafi ne mai sauri, wanda Kokobi da sauran faduwar suka karya, kuma yana iya tafiya ne kawai don ɗan gajeren nesa sama da bakinsa.

Manyan koguna na Somaliya, Shebelle da Jubba, sun tashi a kan gangaren kudu maso gabashin tsaunukan Habasha kamar Shebelle, Ganale Doria da Dawa, kuma wani ɓangare na tafiyarsu ta hanyar yankin na Habasha.

## Ilimin ƙasa

Yankin Gabashin Afirka ya ci gaba zuwa Habasha. Nazarin farko na ilimin ƙasa na Habasha shine aikin W. T. Blanford a cikin shekara ta  1870.  Ayyukan kwanan nan sun mayar da hankali kan Afar Depression, saboda muhimmancinsa a matsayin daya daga cikin wurare biyu a Duniya inda za'a iya nazarin tsakiyar teku a ƙasa (sauran shine Iceland).

; Sedimentary da metamorphic
:* Kwanan nan: Coral, alluvium, yashi
:* Na uku: Limestones na Harrar
:* Jurassic: Antalo Limestones
:* Triassic: Adigrat SandstonesSandstones masu tsananin fushi
:* Archaean: Gneisses, schists, duwatsu masu laushi
; Mai amfani da ruwa
:* Kwanan nan: Jerin Volcanic na Aden
:* Tertiary, Cretaceous: Ƙungiyar Magdala
:* Jurassic: Ƙungiyar Ashangi 

Archaean. - Duwatsun metamorphic sun hauka da babban taro na tafkin, kuma an fallasa su a kowane kwari mai zurfi a Tigre da kuma kwarin Blue Nile. Mica-schists sun samar da duwatsu masu yawa. Hornblende schists kuma suna faruwa da kuma wani dutse mai laushi a cikin Suris defile. Foliya na schists ya kai hari arewa da kudu.

Triassic. - A yankin Adigrat duwatsun metamorphic koyaushe suna rufe da fararen yashi da launin ruwan kasa, ba tare da burbushin halittu ba, kuma suna kaiwa matsakaicin kauri na 300 m. An rufe su da dutsen burbushin burbushin dutse na Ƙungiyar Antalo. A kusa da Chelga da Adigrat gadoji masu dauke da kwal suna faruwa, wanda Blanford ya nuna cewa na iya zama daidai da shekarun da ke dauke da kwal na Indiya. Adigrat Sandstone mai yiwuwa yana wakiltar wani ɓangare na Karoo System na Afirka ta Kudu.&nbsp;

Jurassic. - Abubuwan burbushin Antalo Limestones gabaɗaya suna kwance, amma suna cikin wurare da yawa lokacin da aka haɗa su da Mekelle Dolerite. Dukkanin burbushin halittu ne na Oolite kuma sun hada da nau'in Hemicidaris, Pholadomya, Ceromya, Trigonia da Alaria.

Dutsen da ke cikin wuta. - Sama da tsawo na  m (7,900  ƙasar ta ƙunshi tarkon gado na ƙungiyoyi biyu daban-daban da ba a yarda da su ba. Ƙananan (Ƙungiyar Ashangi) ta ƙunshi basalts da dolerites sau da yawa amygdaloidal. Dangantakarsu da dutsen Antalo ba ta da tabbas, amma Blanford ya dauke su ba daga baya ba ne fiye da Oolite. Babbar (ƙungiyar Magdala) tana ƙunshe da dutse mai yawa mai kauri, yana kwance a kwance, kuma yana haifar da jerin tuddai masu tasowa na tsakiyar Habasha. An haɗa su da duwatsun yashi da shales marasa tushe.

Daga kwanan nan (watakila Tertiary) wasu duwatsu ne masu cin wuta, masu wadata da alkalis, da ke faruwa a wasu wurare a kudancin Habasha. Har ila yau kwanan nan sune basalts da toka a yammacin Massawa da kewayen Annesley Bay kuma an san su da Aden Volcanic Series. Game da tsofaffin duwatsun igneous, yawan adadin da suka sha wahala daga denudation shine sanannen fasalin. An sa su cikin zurfi da ƙananan raƙuman ruwa, wani lokacin zuwa zurfin 1,000 zuwa 1,200  . 

## Yanayi

yanayin Habasha da yankunan da suka dogara da shi ya bambanta sosai.  Yana da zafi a kan tudu kuma yana da zafi a cikin tsaunuka.  Ƙasar tana cikin wurare masu zafi, amma kusantarta da equator yana fuskantar ƙalubale saboda girman ƙasar.  A Addis Ababa, wanda ke jere daga 2,200 zuwa 2,600 m (7,218 zuwa 8,530 ft), matsakaicin zafin jiki shine 26 °C (78.8 °F) da mafi ƙarancin 4 °C (39.2 °F).  Yawancin lokaci yanayi yana bushewa da bushewa, amma gajeriyar ruwan sama (belg) yana faruwa daga Fabrairu zuwa Afrilu da babban (meher) damina daga tsakiyar Yuni zuwa tsakiyar Satumba.  A cikin babban yanki na Habasha da kuma tsaunukan Oromia, yanayin yana da lafiya sosai kuma yana da yanayi.  Koyaya, a cikin zurfin kwarin Tekezé da Abay, kuma gabaɗaya a wuraren da ke ƙasa da 1,200 m (3,937 ft), yanayin yanayi na wurare masu zafi kuma cututtuka kamar zazzabin cizon sauro suna yaɗuwa.  Yankin Somaliya da Damuwar Danakil a cikin yankin Afar suna da yanayi mai zafi, rana da bushewa wanda ke haifar da cikakken yanayin hamada ko sahara.  Ƙasar da ke ƙasan kwandon Sobat yana da zafi, mai fadama kuma yana da cutar malalewa.

A cikin tsaunuka, iska tana da sanyi kuma tana da ƙarfi a lokacin rani, kuma a cikin hunturu yana da duhu sosai. Matsakaicin zafin jiki yana tsakanin 15 da 25 ° C (59 da 77 ° F). A kan tsaunuka masu tsawo yanayin yana da halin alpine. Yanayin da ke kan tsaunuka yana da kyau sosai, don haka abubuwa suna da sauƙin ganewa a nesa. Baya ga bambancin yanayi wanda ya dogara da tsawo, ana iya raba shekara zuwa yanayi uku. Lokacin hunturu, ko lokacin sanyi, yana daga Oktoba zuwa Fabrairu. Lokacin zafi mai zafi yana biye da shi, wanda kusan tsakiyar Yuni ya haifar da lokacin ruwan sama. Ruwan sama ya fi karfi a cikin tafkin Tekezé a watan Yuli da Agusta.

Lokacin ruwan sama yana da matukar muhimmanci ba kawai ga Habasha ba har ma ga ƙasashen kwarin Nilu, saboda wadatar gabashin Sudan da Masar ta dogara da ruwan sama. Lokacin ruwan sama mai sauƙi na iya isa ga bukatun Habasha, amma akwai karancin ruwa don samun hanyar zuwa Kogin Nilu; kuma karancin ruwan sama yana nufin ƙananan Kogin Nulu, kamar yadda kusan duk ruwan ambaliyar wannan kogi ya samo asali ne daga masu goyon bayan Habasha.

Kamar yadda yake a cikin tafiyar rana matafiyi na iya wucewa daga yanayin zafi zuwa kusan yanayin Alpine, haka kuma girman kewayon tsire-tsire da dabbobi. A cikin kwari da ƙasƙanci tsire-tsire suna da yawa, amma bayyanar gabaɗaya na filayen ƙasa ce mai banƙyama tare da itatuwa da bishiyoyi da ƙananan da suka warwatse a kanta. Gilashin da raƙuman da ke kan tudun sau da yawa suna da itatuwa masu yawa, kuma suna ba da bambanci mai ban sha'awa ga wuraren da aka buɗe.

Akwai nau'ikan ciyawa da furanni da yawa. Babban yankuna suna rose da kosso, memba mai ƙarfi na iyalin fure, wanda ke girma daga 2.5 zuwa 3   tsawo kuma yana da manyan jan furanni. Fure da ganye na wannan shuka suna da daraja sosai don dalilai na magani. 'Ya'yan itace na Hurarina, itace da aka samo kusan kawai a Shoa, yana samar da baƙar hatsi mai daraja sosai a matsayin kayan yaji. A kan teburin ana noma hatsi da kayan lambu iri-iri. Wani shuka mai laushi, wanda aka sani da sansevieria, yana girma a cikin daji a cikin yankunan hamada na arewa da kudu maso gabas.

### Dabbobi
Baya ga dabbobin gida da aka lissafa a ƙasa dabbobin suna da bambanci sosai. Ana iya samun giwa a wasu gundumomi masu ƙasƙanci, musamman a kwarin Sobat. Hippopotamus da crocodile suna zaune a manyan koguna da ke gudana a yamma, amma ba a samun su a cikin Hawash ba, wanda, duk da haka, manyan otters suna da yawa. Zaki suna da yawa a cikin ƙasashe masu ƙasƙanci. A tsakiyar Habasha ba a sake samun zaki sai dai a wasu lokuta a cikin kwarin kogi.

Leopards, doki spotted da baki, suna da yawa kuma sau da yawa suna da girma; ana samun hyenas a ko'ina kuma suna da ƙarfi da tsananin ƙarfi; lynx, wolf na Afirka, kare daji da jackal suma sun zama ruwan dare. Boars da badgers ba sa yawan gani. Ana samun giraffe a cikin gundumomin yamma, zebra da jaki na daji suna yawan zuwa ƙananan tsaunuka da tuddai masu duwatsu na arewa. Akwai manyan garken buffalo da antelope, da gazelles iri-iri da yawa kuma a cikin adadi mai yawa ana saduwa da su a mafi yawan sassan ƙasar.

Daga cikin nau'o'in akwai kudu mafi girma da ƙananan (dukansu ba kasafai ba);  da duiker, gemsbok, hartebeest, gerenuk (mafi kowa - yana da dogayen kafafu na bakin ciki da wuyansa kamar raƙumi);  klipspringer, wanda aka samo a kan tudu mai tsayi da kuma a cikin ƙananan gundumomi;  da dik-dik, mafi ƙanƙanta na tururuwa, nauyinsa ba kasafai ya wuce 5 kg (11 lb), na kowa a cikin ƙananan ƙasashe da tuddai.  Ana samun civet na Afirka a yankuna da yawa na Habasha, amma galibi a yankunan Galla.  Kuraye da kurege suna da yawa, haka kuma akwai nau'ikan birai iri-iri, musamman guereza, gelada, guenon da bawan fuskan kare.  Suna jeri daga wurare masu zafi zuwa tsaunukan 3,000 m (9,843 ft).

Yawancin gaggafa, tsuntsaye, Hawks, bustards da sauran tsuntsaye masu cin nama suna zaune a Habasha, da kuma partridges, guineafowl, sandgrouse, curlews, woodcock, snipe, pigeons, thrushes da swallows suna da yawa. Ana samun nau'ikan tsuntsaye iri-iri. Daga cikin tsuntsayen da ake daraja saboda fuka-fukan su sune marabou, crane, heron, blackbird, parrot da jays na ban mamaki.

Daga cikin kwari mafi yawa kuma mai amfani shine ƙudan zuma, zuma a ko'ina wanda ya zama muhimmin ɓangare na abincin mazauna. Wani nau'i mai kama da juna shi ne fari. Akwai dubban nau'ikan butterflies da sauran kwari. maciji ba su da yawa, amma nau'o'i da yawa suna mai guba.

## Albarkatun halitta da amfani da ƙasa
Habasha tana da ƙananan ajiyar zinariya, platinum, jan ƙarfe, potash, da iskar gas. Yana da damar samar da wutar lantarki mai yawa.

Daga cikin jimlar yankin ƙasar, kusan kashi 20 cikin dari suna ƙarƙashin noma, kodayake adadin ƙasar da za a iya nomawa ya fi girma. Kimanin kashi 10 zuwa 15 cikin dari na yankin ƙasar a halin yanzu an rufe shi da gandun daji sakamakon saurin sare daji a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata. Daga cikin sauran, ana amfani da babban ɓangare a matsayin makiyaya. Wasu ƙasashe suna da tsayi sosai, bushewa, ko rashin amfani don noma ko wani amfani.

## Batutuwan muhalli

## Yankin da ake jayayya da shi
Yankin tsakanin Habasha da Eritrea ya kasance batun rikice-rikice da yawa tsakanin kasashen na ɗan lokaci. Tsakanin shekara ta 1998 da shekarar 2000, kasashen biyu sun yi yaƙi a kan batun, wanda ya haɗa da ƙananan yankuna a arewacin iyakarsu, gami da ƙaramin ƙauyen Badme da yankin Mutanen Irob. Kwamitin iyaka na kasa da kasa ya iyakance iyaka a shekara ta 2002. Kodayake kasashe biyu sun amince da karɓar shawarar ta, Habasha ta ki karɓar binciken hukumar gaba ɗaya, abin takaici ga gwamnatin Eritrea. Rikicin ya ci gaba da raguwa a cikin shekaru 16 masu zuwa, ya ƙare tare da taron koli na Eritrea-Ethiopia na shekarar 2018. Habasha, ta koma kan manufofin da suka gabata na kada su bar yankunan da ake jayayya, sun yanke shawarar barin su don kawo karshen rikici.

Sashe na tsakiya na iyakar Habasha da Somaliya ma ba a taɓa yin cikakken iyaka ba, kuma na wucin gadi ne kawai. Kafin 1950, iyakar tsakanin Somaliya da Habasha ta kasance ta hanyar Yarjejeniyar Yarjejeniyar 1908 ko Feerfeer-Dharkayn Geenyo Line.

Tambayoyi sun kasance game da ainihin wurin ƙananan fakiti a kan iyaka da Sudan.