Fataucin mutane a Namibia

Wadannan sun bayyana yanayin da tarihin fataucin mutane a Namibiya.**Cinikin mutane a Namibiya.**

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
A shekara ta 2009, an gano Namibiya a matsayin asalin asalin, wucewa, da kuma makoma ga fataucin mutane. Dukkanin mata da yara na Namibia da na kasashen waje - watakila maza ma - an tilasta musu aiki da kuma tilasta karuwanci. Masu fataucin mutane sun yi amfani da yara da yara na Namibiya daga makwabta Angola da Zambia a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban na aikin tilas, gami da noma, kiwon shanu, bautar gida ba tare da son rai ba, samar da gawayi, da cin zarafin jima'i na kasuwanci. Wasu iyayen Namibiya ba tare da saninsu ba sun sayar da yaransu ga masu fataucin mutane, yayin da aka ruwaito direbobin mota sun dauki yara Namibiya don tilasta karuwanci a Angola da Afirka ta Kudu. Har ila yau, akwai shaidar cewa masu fataucin mutane sun tura matan Namibiya zuwa Afirka ta Kudu kuma sun kawo matan Afirka ta Kudu zuwa Namibia don tilasta karuwanci. Mutanen da suka fi fama da rauni sun hada da mata da yara na Namibia daga yankunan karkara, musamman marayu, wadanda aka ja hankalin su zuwa cibiyoyin birane da gonakin kasuwanci tare da alkawuran karya na aiki na halal da albashi mai kyau wanda ba su taɓa samu ba. Wadanda abin ya shafa sau da yawa suna fuskantar dogon sa'o'i na aiki, ayyuka masu haɗari, da cin zarafin jiki, gami da duka da cin zarafi na jima'i. Wasu ƙananan masu kasuwanci da manoma suma suna da hannu a cikin laifukan fataucin mutane.

## Amsar Gwamnati da Tsarin Shari'a
Gwamnatin Namibia ba ta cika cikakkun ka'idoji don kawar da fataucin mutane a cikin 2009 ba amma ta yi kokari sosai don magance batun. Ayyukan da aka dauka sun hada da:

* Samar da bayanan kasa game da tashin hankali na jinsi, wanda ya haɗa da kididdiga game da fataucin mutane da wadanda ke fama da aikin yara.
* Haɗin kai a cikin binciken asali don tantance girman fataucin mutane a Namibia.
* Binciken shari'o'in aiki na yara da kuma ceton yara da aka shafa.
* Gyara gine-gine don amfani da su a matsayin mafaka ga wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane.

Koyaya, babu wanda ake zargi da fataucin mutane da aka gurfanar da shi, kuma waɗanda ke da hannu a aikin tilasta wa yara ba su sami isasshen hukunci ba.

Namibia ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar TIP ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 2000 a watan Agustan 2002.  Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta sanya Namibia a cikin "Tier 2" a cikin rahoton shekara-shekara na fataucin mutane a cikin 2017  da 2023 .  Bugu da ƙari, Ƙididdigar Laifuka ta Ƙungiya ta sami Namibia 3.5 daga cikin 10 a cikin 2023 don fataucin mutane, tare da aikata laifuka da aka mayar da hankali a Windhoek da Walvis Bay.

## Ƙoƙarin Tilasta Shari'a
A shekara ta 2009, gwamnatin Namibia ta kafa Dokar Rigakafin Laifuka (POCA) ta shekara ta 2004, wanda ya aikata laifuka a duk nau'ikan fataucin mutane. A karkashin POCA:

* Masu fataucin mutane da wadanda ke taimaka musu na iya fuskantar tarar har zuwa $ 133,000 da kuma ɗaurin shekaru 50.
* Dokar ba ta rarrabe tsakanin fataucin mutane don jima'i da wadanda ba jima'i ba.

Ƙarin tanadin doka sun haɗa da:

* Dokar Ma'aikata ta 2007, wacce ta haramta aikin tilas da aikin yara na cin zarafi, tare da hukuncin daurin shekaru hudu ko tarar har zuwa $ 2,700.
* Shirin Dokar Kula da Yara da Karewa, ana sa ran magance fataucin yara.
* Kokarin tare da Kungiyar Raya Afirka ta Kudu (SADC) don bunkasa dokokin yaki da fataucin mutane na yanki.

Duk da wadannan tsarin shari'a, gwamnati ba ta bude wani bincike na aikata laifuka ba ko gurfanar da masu fataucin mutane a cikin 2009. Maimakon haka, an magance shari'o'in aikin yara ta hanyar umarni maimakon kamawa. Ma'aikatar Ayyuka ta cire yara 17 da ke aiki a cikin yanayi mai haɗari a gonaki a Kavango kuma ta mayar da su ga iyayensu. An kuma yi amfani da layin waya kyauta don shawarwari masu alaƙa da fataucin mutane.

## Ayyukan Karewa da Taimako ga Wadanda aka azabtar
Gwamnati ta kara kokarin kare wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane a shekarar 2009 amma ba ta da albarkatun kudi da ababen more rayuwa don kula da wadanda aka azabtar kai tsaye. Babban kokarin ya hada da:

* Bayyanawa da ceto yara 17 daga aikin gawayi ba bisa ka'ida ba, yara 88 daga aiki mai haɗari, da yara 57 daga aikin tilas.
* Gudanar da shari'o'in fataucin mutane guda uku da suka hada da:
** Yaran Zambiya da wani mai fataucin Zambiya ya yi fataucin su.
** Wata yarinya daga Walvis Bay ta tilasta wa mahaifiyarta yin karuwanci.
** 'Yan matan Namibiya daga Kavango kuma mai yiwuwa yankin Caprivi suna fataucin zuwa gonakin ruwan inabi don tilasta aiki.

Kalubale a cikin goyon bayan wanda aka azabtar sun haɗa da:

* Rashin hanyoyin turawa na yau da kullun ga wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane.
* Ƙayyadaddun wuraren mafaka, tare da gyare-gyare da ke gudana don gine-ginen gwamnati 13 don tashin hankali na jinsi da wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane. Koyaya, waɗannan mafaka ba su da damar karɓar maza da ke fama da cutar.
* Ƙungiyar Kare Mata da Yara (WACPU) ta ba da magani a asibitoci kuma ta yi aiki tare da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don ba da shawara da sabis na shari'a.
* Tsarin shari'ar Namibiya ya ba da kariya ga wadanda abin ya shafa da ke son yin shaida, da kuma wasu hanyoyin da za a fitar da su ga wadanda abin zai shafa a kasashen waje.

Duk da wadannan kokarin, jami'an tsaro da jami'an gwamnati ba su da kyakkyawar fahimta game da fataucin mutane, wanda ke haifar da yiwuwar kuskuren gane wadanda abin ya shafa a matsayin masu laifi, musamman a lokuta da suka shafi shige da fice da karuwanci.

## Sanin kai
A cikin shekara ta 2009, Namibia ta kara wayar da kan jama'a game da fataucin mutane ta hanyar kamfen ɗin kafofin watsa labarai game da tashin hankali da fatauccin jinsi, yana ƙarfafa mutane su bayar da rahoton masu laifi da kuma taimakawa bincike. Koyaya:

* Ƙananan jami'an WACPU da MGECW sun sami horo wajen gano wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane idan aka kwatanta da shekarun da suka gabata.
* Jami'an diflomasiyya ba su sami takamaiman horo kan taimakawa wadanda ke fama da fataucin Namibiya a kasashen waje ba amma an ƙarfafa su su ci gaba da hulɗa da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da ke kula da batutuwan fataucin.
* Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida, tare da haɗin gwiwar UNICEF, ta buɗe ofisoshi a asibitoci kuma ta tura raka'a masu tafi-da-gidanka don samar da takaddun shaida na haihuwa ga jarirai da takardun shaida ga marayu da yara masu rauni.
* Ba a yi ƙoƙari mai yawa don rage buƙatun ayyukan jima'i na kasuwanci ba.

## Manazarta