Kenneth Anderson (Officer na Sojojin Burtaniya)

Janar **Sir Kenneth Arthur Noel Anderson**, KCB, MC (25 Disamba 1891 - 29 Afrilu 1959) babban jami'in Sojojin Burtaniya ne wanda ya ga hidima a Yaƙe-yaƙe na duniya. Ana tunawa da shi a matsayin kwamandan Sojojin Farko na Burtaniya a lokacin Operation Torch, mamayewar Allied na Arewacin Afirka da kuma Yakin Tunisiya wanda ya biyo baya wanda ya ƙare tare da kama kusan sojoji 250,000 na Axis. Wani hali ne na waje, bai sami shahara ba ko dai tare da manyansa ko kuma tare da jama'a. 

Babban jami'insa na Amurka, Janar Dwight D. Eisenhower, ya rubuta cewa shi "mai makanta ne, a wasu lokuta har zuwa rashin hankali". A sakamakon haka ba a san shi sosai ba fiye da yawancin tsaransa. A cewar Richard Mead, duk da haka, "ya gudanar da kamfen mai wahala fiye da yadda masu sukar sa suka ba da shawara, amma ƙwarewa ba tare da ƙwarewa ta isa ga babban kwamandan a 1944. "

## Rayuwa ta farko da Yaƙin Duniya na farko
An haifi Kenneth Arthur Noel Anderson a ranar 25 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1891 a Madras, Indiya ta Burtaniya, ɗan Arthur Robert Anderson, injiniyan jirgin ƙasa na Scotland, da Charlotte Gertrude Isabella Duffy Fraser .  

An tura shi Ingila, inda ya yi karatu a Makarantar Charterhouse da Kwalejin Soja ta Royal, Sandhurst kafin a ba shi izini a matsayin mataimakin na biyu a cikin Seaforth Highlanders, rundunar sojan ƙasa ta Sojojin Burtaniya, a ranar 19 ga Satumba 1911.  An tura shi ya shiga 1st Battalion a Birtaniya Indiya kuma an kara shi zuwa lieutenant a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba 1913. 

Har yanzu a Indiya a lokacin barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na farko a watan Agustan shekara ta 1914, an tura rundunar Anderson, karkashin jagorancin Archibald Ritchie, zuwa Yammacin Gabas, ta isa can a ƙarshen watan da ya biyo baya, a matsayin wani ɓangare na Dehra Dun Brigade na 7th (Meerut) Division, kuma ta kasance tare da rundunarsa a duk lokacin da yaƙe-yaƙe da ta shiga. An ɗaukaka shi zuwa mukaddashin matsayin kyaftin a ranar 10 ga Afrilu 1915, [1] kuma kyaftin a kan 1 ga Oktoba 1915.

Ya kasance, tsakanin 24 Disamba 1915 da 3 Yuli 1916, mai ba da shawara na 23rd (Service) Battalion na Northumberland Fusiliers (4th Tyneside Scottish), ƙungiyar Sojojin Kitchener da ke aiki a matsayin wani ɓangare na 102nd (Tyneside Scottic) Brigade na 34th Division. An ba shi lambar yabo ta Cross (MC) don jaruntaka a cikin aiki kuma an ji masa rauni a lokacin Yaƙin Somme a ranar budewa yakin, 1 ga Yuli 1916. Anderson na ɗaya daga cikin 629 da suka mutu, wanda ya haɗa da jami'ai 19, waɗanda battalion ya ci gaba da su a wannan rana. Magana ga MC dinsa ya karanta:

Ya ɗauki watanni goma sha takwas don murmurewa daga raunukan da ya samu, kafin ya koma 1st Battalion, Seaforths, a lokacin a Falasdinu, a lokacin da zai yi bikin nasara. An nada shi a matsayin mukaddashin manyan a ranar 12 ga Mayu 1918,  kuma ya koma kyaftin a watan Yulin 1919. 

A ranar 12 ga Fabrairu 1918, Anderson ya auri Kathleen Lorna May Gamble (1894-1983), 'yar Sir Reginald Arthur Gamble da matarsa Jennie. Ɗan'uwanta shi ne Kyaftin Ralph Dominic Gamble, na Coldstream Guards . Suna da 'ya'ya biyu, Michael Iain Anderson, an haife shi a 1927, da kuma 'yar.

## Tsakanin yaƙe-yaƙe
Ayyukan soja na Anderson a lokacin yakin basasa ya kasance mai aiki. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Scottish Horse daga 1920 zuwa 1924,  kuma an inganta shi zuwa manyan a lokacin wannan aikin.  Ya halarci Kwalejin Ma'aikata, Quetta daga 1927 zuwa 1928, inda a bayyane yake bai yi hakan da kyau ba. Shugabansu, Kanal Percy Hobart, ya yi tunanin cewa "yana da shakka ko yana da ikon bunkasa abubuwa da yawa. " Sauran ma'aikatan ma suna da ajiya, amma "sun yi fatan cewa zai iya isa". Abokan karatunsa a shekarar sun hada da da da dama wadanda za su sami babban umurni, kamar Frederick Morgan, David Cowan, Geoffrey Bruce, Harold Briggs, tare da Ronald Hopkins na Sojojin Australiya. Wadanda ke sama sun haɗa da William Slim da James Steele, yayin da waɗanda ke ƙasa suka haɗa da Douglas Gracey, John Crocker, Henry Davies, Colin Gubbins da Australiya George Vasey da E. L. M. Burns na Sojojin Kanada.

Anderson, bayan kammala karatunsa daga Quetta, ya zama Janar Janar Janara Grade 2 (GSO2) a cikin 50th (Northumbrian) Division, a Territorial Army (TA).  A cikin 1930 an kara Anderson zuwa Lieutenant Colonel a ranar 2 ga Yuni 1930  ya zama Kwamandan Jami'in (CO) na 2nd Battalion, Seaforths a Arewa maso Yammacin Frontier, wanda An ambaci shi a cikin sakonni kuma, ya koma Scotland, a matsayin cikakken Colonel,  ya ci gaba da umurni da 152nd (Seaforth da Cameron) Infantry Brigade, wani ɓangare na 51st (Highland) Infantary Division, wani TA unit, a watan Agusta 1934. Har yanzu a matsayin cikakken kwamandan a watan Maris na shekara ta 1936 an nada shi zuwa aikin ma'aikata (GSO1)  a Indiya kuma a watan Janairun shekara ta 1938 an nada shi mukaddashin Brigadier don kwamandan 11th Infantry Brigade,  wani ɓangare na 4th Infantary Division, sannan Major-General Dudley Johnson ya umarce shi, wanda ya horar da shi sosai, duk da rashin isasshen kayan aiki.

## Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu

### Faransa da Belgium
Ba da daɗewa ba bayan barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, a watan Satumbar 1939, Anderson ya jagoranci Brigade na 11, har yanzu wani ɓangare na 4th Division, zuwa ƙasashen waje zuwa Faransa inda ya zama wani ɓangare na British Expeditionary Force (BEF). Anderson ya ga hidima tare da BEF a duk lokacin "Phoney War" kuma a lokacin Yaƙin Faransa a watan Mayu 1940 kuma, lokacin da Manjo-Janar Bernard Montgomery, Janar kwamandan (GOC) na 3rd Infantry Division, ya sami ci gaba zuwa kwamandan II Corps yayin kwashewa daga Faransa, mai barin II Corps GOC, Lieutenant-General Sir Alan Brooke, ya zaɓi Anderson, wanda ya yi tunani sosai, don ɗaukar kwamandan wucin gadi na 3rd Division na Montgomery.

### Ƙasar Ingila

Bayan ya dawo Ingila bayan janyewa daga Dunkirk, Anderson ya koma Brigade na 11 a takaice. Koyaya, a ranar 13 ga Yuni, an ɗaukaka shi zuwa matsayi na matsayi na babban janar  kuma ya zama GOC na 1st Infantry Division, wanda ya yi yaƙi a Faransa. An sanya matsayinsa na Manjo Janar na dindindin a ranar 17 ga Yuni 1940 (tare da matsayi na baya zuwa 26 ga Yuli 1938).  An ba da aikin ƙungiyar don kare bakin tekun Lincolnshire daga mamayewar Jamus kuma tana aiki a ƙarƙashin umurnin I Corps, wanda Lieutenant-General Sir Harold Alexander ya umarce shi, wanda ya umarci 1st Division a Faransa kuma wanda Anderson zai haɗu da shi daga baya, kanta tana aiki a karkashin Northern Command. A ranar 11 ga watan Yulin an sanya shi Aboki na Order of the Bath,  kuma a ranar 26 ga watan Yunin 1940 an ambaci shi a cikin sakonni don hidimarsa a Faransa da Belgium. 

## Manazarta