open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Yazid Kaïssi

**Yazid Kaïssi** (; an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Mayu shekara ta 1981) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne. Ya buga wasan karshe a Feignies Aulnoye . An haife shi a Faransa, ya wakilci Aljeriya da Morocco a matakin matasa. 

## Ayyukan kulob din
Matashi ne na kungiyar Lens, Kaïssi ya buga wa tawagar ajiya kuma ya kasance dan wasan karshe a gasar 2000-01 Championnat National 2.  Ya kuma taka leda a kan aro ga kungiyar ES Wasquehal a Ligue 2 a lokacin kakar 2001-02. 

Kaïssi bai taba yin bayyanar hukuma ba ga tawagar farko ta Lens, sabili da haka ya bar kulob din a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2004 don ya buga wasa daya a kulob din Girka Panionios, inda ya buga wasanni kaɗan kawai. Bayan ya yi wasa a Girka, ya buga wasa daya a BK Häcken a Sweden. Daga nan sai ya koma kulob din Qatari Umm-Salal . Bayan ya yi aiki tare da Al-Karamah da Dubai Club,  Kaïssi ya sanya hannu tare da kulob din Morocco Wydad de Fès a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2011.  A kakar 2012-13, ya buga wa Stade Marocain wasa. Kaïssi ta buga wa Feignies Aulnoye wasa tsakanin 2013 da 2016.

## Ayyukan kasa da kasa
A shekara ta 2002, Kaïssi ta kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Aljeriya ta Kasa da 23 a Gasar Solidarity ta Falasdinu ta 2002 a Yemen .

Koyaya, bayan haka ya zaɓi ya buga wa tawagar kwallon kafa ta ƙasar Morocco kuma ya buga wa babbar tawagar ƙasa a gasar cin Kofin Kasashen Larabawa na 2002 a Kuwait, ya bayyana a wasanni uku kuma ya zira kwallaye ɗaya.

Kaïssi na daga cikin tawagar kwallon kafa ta kasar Morocco ta 2004, wacce ta fice a zagaye na farko, ta kammala ta uku a rukuni na D, a bayan masu cin nasara a rukuni kasar Iraki da masu cin gaba Costa Rica.  

## Manazarta
Jama'ar Afro-Amurka na Amurka

**Baƙi na Afirka a cikin Amurka** yana nufin mutanen da aka haifa a cikin Amurka tare da bangaranci, rinjaye, ko cikakkiyar zuriyar Afirka ta kudu da hamadar Sahara. Da yawa zuriyar mutanen da aka yi bauta a Afirka kuma Turawa suka tura su zuwa Amurka, sannan aka tilasta musu yin aiki galibi a cikin ma'adanai da gonaki mallakar Turawa, tsakanin ƙarni na sha shida da na sha tara. An kafa ƙungiyoyi masu mahimmanci a cikin Amurka ('yan Afirka), a Kanada (Baƙar fata Kanada), a cikin Caribbean (Afro-Caribbean), da kuma a Latin Amurka (Afro-Latin Americans).

## Tarihi
Bayan da Amurka ta samu 'yencin kai, sai kuma kasar Haiti ta samu 'yancin kai, kasa ce mai yawan jama'a baki daya 'yan asalin Afirka kuma ta biyu da Amurka ta yi wa mulkin mallaka don samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. Bayan aiwatar da 'yancin kai, ƙasashe da yawa sun ƙarfafa ƙaura daga Turai zuwa Amurka, don haka rage yawan baƙar fata da mulatto a duk faɗin ƙasar: Brazil, Amurka, da Jamhuriyar Dominican. Bacewa da kuma sassaucin ra'ayi na kabilanci sun kuma rage yawan adadin mutanen da ke nuna baƙar fata a Latin Amurka, yayin da mulkin digo ɗaya a Amurka ya sami akasin haka.

## Manazarta
Bilal Ouali

**Bilal Ouali** (; an haife shi 7 ga Oktoba 1993) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Aljeriya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya .

## Na Mutum
An haifi Ouali a Étampes, Faransa, ga mahaifin Aljeriya da mahaifiyar Maroko.

## Ayyukan kulob din
A lokacin da yake da shekaru 14, Ouali ya shiga makarantar kwallon kafa ta Reims. A ranar 5 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2011, ya fara bugawa kulob din wasa na farko, ya zo a minti na 67 a wasan Ligue 2 da Amiens.

## Ayyukan kasa da kasa
A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2012, an kira Ouali zuwa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa da shekaru 20 ta Algeria don wasannin sada zumunci da Paris FC da Troyes, inda ya zira kwallaye daga filin wasa a wasan farko.

## Manazarta
Ma'aikatar Ilimi, Kimiyya, Fasaha da Innovation ta Tarayyar Afirka

**Sashen Ilimi, Kimiyya, Fasaha da Ƙirƙira** ( **ESTI** ) wani sashe ne na Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka da ke da alhakin daidaita shirye-shiryen AU game da bunkasa albarkatun bil'adama, ilimi, kimiyya, fasaha, da kuma inganta tsarin ci gaban matasa.   

## Mabuɗin Matsayi
Babban rawar ESTI sun haɗa da:

* Haɓaka bincike da bugawa akan kimiyya da fasaha;
* Haɓaka haɗin kai tsakanin ƙasashe membobinsu akan ilimi da horo;
* Ƙarfafa gwiwar matasa a cikin haɗin gwiwar nahiyar;
* Aiwatar da tsare-tsare na 2063 na Afirka Mai Mahimmanci da Jami'ar E da Dabarun Sararin Samaniya na Afirka;
* Aiwatar da manufofi da dabaru na ilimi na nahiyar, ciki har da dabarun ilimi na Afirka (CESA), dabarun kimiyya, fasaha da kirkire-kirkire don Afirka (STISA), dabarun ci gaba na TVET, da shirin ciyar da makarantun AU.

## Ofisoshin Fasaha
Sashen yana daidaita ayyukan ofisoshin fasaha masu zuwa:

* Hukumar Kimiyya, Fasaha da Bincike (STRC)
* Cibiyar Kula da Kimiyya, Fasaha da Ƙirƙirar Afirka (AOSTI)
* Jami'ar Pan African (PAU) 
* Pan African Institute for Education for Development (IPED)/Afrika Observatory for Education

## Guraben karatu da kyaututtuka
ETI tana haɓaka shirye-shiryen AU a cikin ilimi da haɓaka STI kuma tana daidaita ilimin AU da guraben karatu na kimiyya da kyaututtuka, gami da:

* Nyerere Scholarship da Shirin Motsawa na Ilimi
* Kwame Nkrumah Awards na Kimiyya

## Manazarta
Sami Tlemcani

**Sami Tlemcani** (; an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2004) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin Mai tsaron gida na kungiyar AEK Athens B ta Super League 2 ta Girka. An haife shi ne a Faransa, ya wakilci Maroko a matakin matasa na duniya kafin ya yi alkawarin wakiltar Aljeriya a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2023.

## Ayyukan kulob din

### Rayuwa ta farko
An haife shi a Saint-Maurice, Val-de-Marne, Faransa ga mahaifin Aljeriya da mahaifiyar Maroko, Tlemcani ya buga wa kungiyar Créteil-Lusitanos wasa kafin ya shiga Paris FC. Ya shafe shekaru biyu tare da kungiyar Paris FC, yana horo tare da tawagar farko yana da shekaru 15 kawai.

### Chelsea
A watan Oktoban shekara ta 2020, ya koma kungiyar Chelsea ta Premier League ta Ingila..

A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2022, an ba da rancen Tlemcani ga Ƙungiyar Isthmian League ta Merstham a kan yarjejeniyar gajeren lokaci. Ya ci gaba da yin wasanni biyar a gasar.

Ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa da Chelsea a watan Agustan 2022, ya sanya hannu har zuwa 2025.  A ranar 1 ga Yulin 2023, Tlemcani ya bar Chelsea da yardar juna.

A ranar 27 ga watan Yulin 2023, Tlemcani ya shiga kungiyar AEK Athens B ta Super League 2.

## Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Tlemcani ya cancanci wakiltar Faransa ta hanyar haihuwa, da Aljeriya da Morocco ta hanyar iyayensa. An kira shi zuwa tawagar 'yan kasa da shekaru 16 ta Faransa a watan Nuwamban shekara ta 2019. 

Kafin gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka ta U-17 ta shekarar 2021, wacce aka soke saboda annobar COVID-19 a kasar da ta karbi bakuncin Morocco, Tlemcani ya yi alkawarin makomar sa ta kasa da kasa ga Morocco, yana mai bayyana a shafin Instagram cewa ya yanke shawarar wakiltar su maimakon Aljeriya. Wannan zaɓin ya kara ƙarfafawa lokacin da, a watan Satumbar 2021, ya sami kira mai ban mamaki har zuwa babban Morocco da aka kafa kafin wasannin cancantar gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2022.

Duk da cewa Tlemcani da farko ya nuna alfaharin wakiltar Morocco, mahaifinsa ya ce a wata hira a watan Satumbar shekara ta 2022 cewa yana da sha'awar wakiltar Aljeriya a matakin kasa da kasa, amma har yanzu bai ji daga Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Aljeriya ba. Tun daga wannan lokacin ya ci gaba da wakiltar Maroko a matakin kasa da shekaru 20.

## Kididdigar aiki

### Kungiyar

; Bayani

## Manazarta
Ma'aikatar Harkokin Siyasa, Zaman Lafiya da Tsaro ta Tarayyar Afirka

**Sashen Harkokin Siyasa, Zaman Lafiya da Tsaro** ( **PAPS** ) wani sashe ne na kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka (AU) da ke da alhakin inganta zaman lafiya, tsaro, mulki, dimokuradiyya, da 'yancin ɗan adam a fadin Afirka.  An kafa PAPS ne a watan Nuwamba shekara ta 2018 bayan hadewar tsohuwar Sashen Harkokin Siyasa na AU da Sashen Zaman Lafiya da Tsaro. 

## Tarihi
An ƙirƙiri PAPS a yayin taro na musamman na sha ɗaya na Majalisar AU da aka gudanar a Addis Ababa, Habasha, a ranakun 17-18 ga Nuwamba shekara ta 2018. Hadakar dai na da nufin daidaita tsarin hukumar ta AU da kuma kara karfinta na magance kalubalen siyasa, zaman lafiya da tsaro a nahiyar. Bankole Adeoye ya karbi mukamin kwamishinan harkokin siyasa, zaman lafiya da tsaro na AU a watan Maris shekara ta 2021, bayan zabensa a taron kolin kungiyar karo na 34 a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2021.

## Umarni
Umurnin sashen ya yi daidai da faffadan hangen nesa na Pan-African da aka tsara a cikin Agenda 2063, musamman Buri na 3 da 4, wanda ke hasashen *"Afirka na kyakkyawan shugabanci, mutunta 'yancin ɗan adam, adalci da bin doka"* da *"Afirka mai zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali."* PAPS tana ba da gudummawa ga ƙoƙarin ƙasashe membobin AU, Ƙungiyoyin Tattalin Arziki na Yanki (RECs), da Tsarin Yanki (RMs) a cikin rigakafin rikice-rikice, warwarewa, da sarrafa rikici. 

### Babban Ayyuka
PAPS tana aiwatar da ayyuka da yawa, gami da:

* Ci gaba da sa ido kan al'amuran siyasa, zaman lafiya da tsaro na Afirka.
* Ƙimar lokaci, bincike, da bayar da rahoto kan waɗannan abubuwan ta hanyar tsarin faɗakarwa da wuri.
* Taimakawa rigakafin rikice-rikice ta hanyar tsarin doka da manufofi.
* Samar da ƙwazo da horo kan harkokin mulki, siyasa, zaman lafiya, da kuma batutuwan tsaro. Gudanar da ci gaban Matsakaicin Afirka na gama gari (CAP) akan batutuwan da suka dace.
* Haɓaka haɗin kai wajen aiwatar da Tsarin Mulkin Afirka (AGA) da Tsarin Zaman Lafiya da Tsaro na Afirka (APSA).
* Taimakawa ayyukan tallafawa zaman lafiya, sasantawa, da shiga tsakani.
* Taimakawa wajen sake ginawa da ci gaba bayan rikici.

## Manazarta
Mehdi Zerkane

**Mehdi Zerkane** (; an haife shi a ranar 15 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1999) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Aljeriya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya .  An haife shi a Faransa, yana taka leda a tawagar Aljeriya.

## Ayyukan kulob din

### Farkon aiki
Yarjejeniyar matasa ta Zerkane tare da Monaco ta ƙare a ƙarshen Yuni 2020.

### Bordeaux
Ya amince da yarjejeniyar kwararru tare da Bordeaux ba da daɗewa ba, ya sanya hannu kan kwangila har zuwa 2022..

Zerkane ya fara buga wa Bordeaux wasa da Nantes a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta 2020, amma an kore shi saboda laifin da ya yi wa Nicolas Pallois a wasan 0-0 a Matmut Atlantique a karkashin sabon kocin Jean-Louis Gasset . 

A ranar 31 ga Oktoba 2022, an sake shi daga kulob din bayan an dakatar da kwangilarsa.

### OFI (rashin kuɗi)
A ranar 5 ga watan Satumban shekara ta 2022, an ba da rancen Zerkane na kakar wasa daya tare da zaɓi don saya ga kulob din Girka OFI .  A ranar 27 ga watan Oktoban shekara ta 2022, OFI ta yanke rancensa.

### Nimes
A ranar 2 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta 2023, ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar watanni shida tare da kungiyar Ligue 2 ta Nîmes Olympique . 

### MC Algiers
A ranar 17 ga watan Agusta, 2023, ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru biyu tare da MC Algiers . 

## Ayyukan kasa da kasa
An haifi Zerkane a Faransa ga mahaifin Aljeriya da mahaifiyar Maroko. Ya fara buga wa tawagar Aljeriya wasa a gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka ta 3-1 2021 a kan Zimbabwe a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 2020. 

## Manazarta
Benjamin Frank Adair

**Benjamin Frank Adair (1852 - 28 ga Maris, 1902) lauya ne wanda ya yi aiki a Majalisar Wakilai ta Arkansas a shekarar 1891 wakiltar Gundumar Pulaski**.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Mahaifin Adair yana da wannan sunan kuma shi ne mai mallakar mahaifiyarsa. Mahaifinsa ya ƙaura da iyalin zuwa Oberlin, Ohio, lokacin da Arkansas ta haramta 'yanci masu launin fata (Arkansas's Free Negro Expulsion Act of 1859). Mahaifin ya 'yantar da iyalinsa. An haɗa shi a cikin hoton hotunan 'yan majalisa na jihar Afirka da ke aiki a Arkansas a 1891 wanda aka buga a cikin jaridar The Freeman a Indianapolis .  Ya kasance dan jam'iyyar Democrat. Adair ya mutu a ranar 28 ga Maris, 1902, daga zargin gazawar zuciya bayan ya sha wahala daga matsalolin zuciya.

## Manazarta
James W. Ames

**James W. Ames** (12 ga Oktoba, 1864 a New Orleans, Louisiana - 31 ga Janairu, 1944 a Detroit, Michigan ) likita ne na Amurka.

Ames ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Straight (daga baya ya haɗu da Jami'ar Dillard) a New Orleans, sannan ya sami digiri daga Jami'ar Howard . Ya kuma koyar da makaranta a New Orleans.

Ames ya koma Detroit a shekara ta 1894. A tsakiyar shekarun 1890 an zabi Ames a matsayin dan jam'iyyar Republican a Majalisar Wakilai ta Michigan tare da amincewar Hazen Pingree . A shekara ta 1918, ya jagoranci ƙungiyar likitocin Afirka 30 waɗanda suka kafa Asibitin Dunbar a Detroit. An shirya wannan asibitin ne saboda babu wani asibiti a cikin birni da zai yarda da 'yan Afirka na Afirka a wannan lokacin. An sanya sunan asibitin ne don girmama Paul Laurence Dunbar wanda ya rubuta waka don goyon bayan Pingree (kuma ta haka ne a kaikaice don goyon bayan Ames) a cikin shekarun 1890. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da gidan Phillis Wheatley na tsofaffin mata masu launi. Matarsa ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da kuɗi ga wannan ma'aikata. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai bincike ga Hukumar Lafiya ta Detroit .

## Manazarta

## Tushen

* 
*
Haitian Kanada

**Haitian Kanada** (Faransanci: Haïtiano-Canadiens) ƴan asalin ƙasar Haiti ne ko kuma mutanen Haiti waɗanda ke zaune a Kanada. Tun daga 2016, fiye da 86% na Haitian Kanada suna zaune a Quebec.

## Hijira Haiti zuwa Kanada

### Shige da fice

### 1960-1980
Shige da fice daga Haiti zuwa Quebec ya fara ne a cikin 1963. Matsugunan Haiti a cikin gundumar Quebec na Montreal ya karu kusan kashi 40 cikin 100 tsakanin ƙarshen 1960s da farkon 1970s. Bayanai na shige da fice daga 1968 sun nuna cewa Haiti ta sanya matsayi na goma sha biyar a cikin ƙasashen da suka fito gabaɗayan ƙaura zuwa Quebec; Bugu da kari, Haiti na da 1.6% na jimlar yawan shige da fice na Quebec a cikin 1968. A cikin tsawon shekaru biyar, Haiti ta zama ƙasa ta biyu mafi girma ga ƙaura ta Quebec, tana lissafin 8.4% na jimlar yawan baƙi zuwa Quebec a cikin 1973.

### Tasirin kishin kasa da tashin hankalin siyasa a Haiti akan shige da fice
Ana iya fahimtar ƙaura na Haitian baƙi tsakanin 1969 da 1974 ta hanyar cibiyoyin siyasa da ke cikin Haiti a lokacin. An gudanar da mulkin Haiti ta hanyar mulkin kama-karya, karkashin jagorancin François Duvalier. Duvalier ya kasance jam'iyyar Haiti mai ra'ayin gurguzu na 'yan gurguzu ta Haiti, wadda ta kasa yin adawa da mulkin Duvalier. Mutuwar Duvalier da maye gurbin dansa Jean-Claude Duvalier ya haifar da ra'ayi na "aiki na kishin kasa", sanarwar kishin kasa da aka yi wa Haitian Kanad da Haitian baƙi na Haiti, da kuma kira ga aiki don taimaka wa 'yan'uwansu na Haiti. Haitian Canadians sun haɗu da sojojin tare da 'yan'uwan ƙasarsu na asali a wasu lokuta don taimakawa a cikin ""ƙuduri na rikicin Haiti" da kuma ƙoƙari na kafa ikon siyasa na hagu. haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa;

## Alƙaluma

### Haitian Kanada ta lardin Kanada ko yanki (2016)

## Manazarta
Elisenda na Sant Climent

**Elisenda na Sant Climent** (c. 1220-1275), mace ce ta Catalonia wacce aka kama a matsayin bawa.

An haife ta ne ga Guillem Ramon de Sant Climent kuma ta auri wani manomi na Catalan a Mallorca; sun kasance na masu mulkin mallaka na Catalan ne a Mallorca bayan Aragon ta ci tsibirin a cikin 1229.  Suna da 'yar, Guillemona.

A cikin 1238, a lokacin da aka ci Valencia, 'yan kasuwa na bayi na Islama sun kama Elisenda da iyalinta a wani hari a Mallorca. An kai ita da 'yarta zuwa gidan sarauta na Daular Hafsid a Tunis, Muhammad I al-Mustansir . An sanya 'yarta Musulmi kuma ta ɗauki sunan Rocaia, kuma ta zama ƙaunatacciyar ƙaunatacciya ta ɗan sarkin, Miromomeli, wanda ya ba mahaifiyarta dama.

Elisenda ta tuntubi ɗan kasuwa na Catalonia Arnau Solsona wanda ke zaune a Tunis, kuma daga ƙarshe ta auri shi. Ta sami abubuwan da 'yarta ta aiko mata, daga fadar sarkin. Daga cikinsu akwai wani abu, wanda 'yarta ta aiko wa Elisenda don manufar canja shi zuwa mallakar Kirista. Abin da ya rage ya kunshi wani yanki na zane wanda ta bayyana a matsayin wani bangare na bandeji da Budurwa Maryamu ta yi amfani da shi yayin kula da raunukan Yesu.  An sanya wannan abin tunawa a cikin Tsohon Cathedral na Lleida, inda aka adana shi na dogon lokaci, kuma labarin Elisenda ya fada.

A cikin 1297, Arnau Solsona ya ba da labarin wannan labarin a matsayin sanarwa a kan gadonsa na mutuwa.

## Manazarta
Abeed

**Abeed** ko **abīd** (, jam'i na ʿabd, ) kalma ce ta Larabci da ke nufin "bawa" ko "bawa". Ana amfani da kalmar a Duniyar Larabawa kuma ana amfani da ita azaman zagi ga bayi, wanda ya samo asali ne daga Cinikin bayi na Larabawa. A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, amfani da kalmar ya zama mai kawo rigima saboda ma'ana wariyar launin fata da asalinsa, musamman tsakanin Larabawa.

## Amfani da shi

### Amfani a Falasdinu
An yi amfani da al'adar mallakar bayi da Larabawa ke yi a Mandatory Palestine da Jordan aƙalla har zuwa shekarun 1930,  da yawa daga cikin waɗannan bayi sun fito ne daga zuriyar Afirka kuma a sakamakon haka yawancin 'yan Afirka na yau kansu sun fito ne na Afirka.  A yau, Palasdinawa da yawa suna jaddada daidaito da hadin kan Palasdinawa (ciki har da Afro-Palestinians),  amma gadon aikin cinikin bayi har yanzu yana bayyane a yankunan Palasdinawa na yau: Ana amfani da kalmar "Abeed" (bawa) a wasu lokuta don bayyana Falasdinawa masu fata mai duhu. Bugu da ƙari, Afro-Palestinian suna da iyaka a kan wanda za su iya yin aure  kuma suna da ƙananan zaɓuɓɓukan aiki.  Ana kiran unguwanni na Afro-Palestinian a wasu lokuta ta amfani da kalmar "Abeed". Misali, a cikin gundumar Gaza ta Al-Jalla, 'yan Afirka-Palestina suna zaune a cikin unguwar da wani lokacin ake kira "Harat Al-Abeed", wanda ke nufin "makwabcin bayi". Har ila yau a Jericho, inda ake kiran unguwar Afro-Palestinian a matsayin "bayin Duyuk".

### Amfani a Sudan
Dan siyasar Sudan ta Kudu Francis Deng ya tsara wani abu mai ban mamaki na Mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya a Sudan a matsayin Burtaniya yana bayyana wa mutanen Arewacin Sudan cewa "Ku 'yan kasuwa ne kuma kuna bi da mutanen Kudancin kamar Abeed. Kada ku kira su Abeed! Ba su bayi ba ne kuma."

Masanin Sudan ta Kudu Jok Madut Jok ya yi jayayya cewa bautar a Sudan ta kasance a ko'ina a cikin karni na 21 duk da cewa an haramta shi a takarda, yana mai da'awar cewa mutanen Sudan ta Kudu da ke aiki a Arewacin Sudan a cikin ayyukan ma'aikata masu biyan kuɗi ana ɗaukar su "Abeed" saboda matsayin zamantakewa wanda aka samu daga kasancewa a cikin irin waɗannan ayyukan. Jok ya lura cewa ma'aikatan Sudan ta Kudu waɗanda ke samun isasshen kuɗi don ciyar da kansu galibi ana bi da su a matsayin mallakar masu mallakar ƙasar Sudan ta Arewa da 'yan kasuwa. A cewarsa, "Mutanen Kudancin da suka rasa muhallinsu suna a kasan matsayi na launin fata a Arewacin Sudan", saboda sun dogara da tallafawa da alaƙar cin zarafi tare da dillalai masu iko, tare da alaƙar da ta fara daga bautar ta hanyar aiki mai haɗin kai zuwa aiki a matsayin masu jan hankali ga albarkatu daga Hukumomin agaji na kasashen waje. "Lines da ke raba bautar da Aiki mai arha", kamar yadda ya rubuta, "sun kasance ba a fahimta ba".

## Manazarta
Aniekan Bassey

**Aniekan Etim Bassey** ɗan kasuwa ne kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Najeriya wanda a halin yanzu yana aiki a Majalisar Dattawa ta 10 a matsayin Sanata  mai wakiltar mazaɓar Akwa Ibom ta Arewa maso Gabas kuma Mataimakin Shugaban Kwamitin Majalisar Dattawa kan Ayyukan Noma da Raya Karkara. Ya taɓa zama kakakin majalisar dokokin jihar Akwa Ibom na 7,  mai wakiltar mazaɓar jihar Uruan daga 2015 zuwa 2023. Ya kasance Memba Mai Zartarwa, Ƙungiyar Majalisar Dokokin Commonwealth (Yankin Afirka) tun daga 2021. A lokacin da yake rike da mukamin kakakin majalisar dokokin jihar Akwa Ibom, ya kuma taba zama mataimakin shugaban taron shugabannin majalisun dokokin jahohi a Najeriya,  shugaban kungiyar shuwagabannin kudu maso kudu  da kuma shugaban kwamitin majalisar kan harkokin majalisa.

Shi ne Shugaban gidauniyar RHAB-YESS, wani shiri da ya bullo da shi da nufin ganowa, ba da horo da tallafa wa matasa ‘yan kasuwar Akwa Ibom da matan karkara da tallafin karatu ga ɗalibai marasa galihu. Gidauniyar ta kuma ƙudirin aniyar samar da matsuguni ga zawarawa marasa galihu a jihar Akwa Ibom .

## Rayuwar farko

## Rayuwar Siyasa

## Ilimi

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* 
* RHAB-YESS Foundation
Masana lissafi na Afirka da ke zaune a kasashen waje

**Mathematicians of the African Diaspora (MAD) shafin yanar gizon ne wanda Scott W. Williams na Jami'ar Buffalo, SUNY ya kirkira a shekarar 1997 wanda aka sadaukar don ingantawa da kuma nuna gudummawar mambobin Afirka a cikin lissafi, musamman gudummawa ga binciken lissafi na yanzu**.

## Tarihi
Williams ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 2008 kuma an bar shi ga wasu su ci gaba da shafin yanar gizon da ya shafe shekaru 11 yana ginawa. Taron majalisa na farko gake da makomar Shafukan MAD ya faru ne a Taron Masu Binciken Afirka na Afirka a Kimiyya ta Lissafi (CAARMS).  Wannan ya haifar da wani rukuni na al'ada na masu lissafi waɗanda suka yanke shawarar yin aiki tare don adana aikin Williams. A cikin 2015, Ƙungiyar Ƙididdigar Ƙasa (NAM) ta kafa kwamiti na wucin gadi don sabunta Shafukan MAD, wanda ya ƙunshi Edray Goins a matsayin Shugaban NAM, Kwamitin Co-Chairs Don King (Jami'ar Arewa maso Gabas) da Asamoah Nkwanta (Jami-Ranar Jihar Morgan), da kuma mai haɓaka yanar gizo John Weaver (Varsity Software). 

An sake kaddamar da shafin a hukumance a ranar 9 ga Oktoba, 2020.  MAD tana samun goyon baya daga Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun (NAM) da Gidauniyar Ci gaban Ilimi (EAF).  Tun daga shekara ta 1997 mutane sama da miliyan 20 ne suka kalli shafukan MAD.

## Manazarta
Kelvin Chukwu

**Sanata Kelvin Chukwu** ɗan siyasar Najeriya ne na jam'iyyar Labour kuma Sanata mai wakiltar gundumar Enugu ta Gabas. Jam'iyyar Labour ta tsayar da shi ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin ƙaninsa Oyibo Chukwu wanda kuma aka kashe a garin Amechi, kwanaki uku gabanin zaben shugaban kasa da na 'yan majalisar dokoki na kasa a ranar 25 ga watan Fabrairu.

## Aikin majalisar dattawa

### Zaɓe
Chukwu ya yi takarar neman tikitin jam’iyyar Labour ne biyo bayan kisan da aka yi wa kanensa Oyibo Chukwu wanda aka kashe a ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2023, a Amechi Awkunanaw a hanyarsa ta komawa gida daga rangadin yaƙin neman zaɓe a Agbani, Nkanu West. Bayan kashe-kashen, Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Ƙasa (INEC) ta sake dage zaɓen Sanatan Enugu ta Gabas zuwa ranar 18 ga Maris ɗin shekara ta 2023 domin baiwa jam’iyyar Labour damar tsayar da ɗan takara a zaɓen. Chukwu ya fafata ne a zaɓen fitar da gwani na jam'iyyar inda ya samu ƙuri'u 223 inda ya doke abokan takararsa uku da suka samu ƙuri'u babu.   A babban zaɓen, Chukwu ya samu kuri'u’u 69,136 inda ya doke Sanata mai ci a lokacin kuma tsohon gwamnan jihar Enugu Chimaroke Nnamani wanda ya samu kuri’u 48,701. Abokin hamayyarsa, Nnamani ya amince da shan kaye a ** &#x5D; &#x5B; jama'a suka so, to amma ya yi tsokaci cewa rashinsa a zaɓen ya faru ne sakamakon ayyukan ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyyar Labour, Peter Obi wanda ya zarge shi da shiga harkokin siyasa na addini, ƙabilanci da yanki.  

## Manazarta
Pam Mwadkon Dachungyang

**Pam Mwadkon Dachungyang** (an haife shi 14 ga Satumban shekara ta 1962) ɗan jarida ne kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Najeriya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin sanata mai wakiltar mazaɓar Filato ta Arewa tun a shekara ta 2024.

Dachungyang ya fito daga gidan sarauta a Riyom .

A ranar 3 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 2024, Dachungyang ya zama Sanata daga Filato ta Arewa ta hanyar samun ƙuri'u 122,442 a zaɓen fidda gwani na majalisar dattijai ta Arewa a 2024 kuma daga karshe jami'in hukumar zabe mai zaman kanta ta kasa Farfesa Nestor Chagok ya ayyana shi a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaben.  Shugaban majalisar dattawa Godswill Akpabio ne ya rantsar da shi a majalisar dattawan Najeriya tare da wasu mutane biyu a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu 2024. 

Yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan baki da Gwamnatin Jihar Filato ta gayyace su a hukumance domin bikin buɗe tagwayen gidan wasan kwaikwayo a Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami’ar Jos (JUTH) a ranar 3 ga Afrilu 2024 .

## Manazarta
Thandi Lujabe-Rankoe

**Thandi Lujabe-Rankoe** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1936) ma'aikaciyar diflomasiyar Afirka ta Kudu ce kuma tsohuwar mai fafutukar yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata. Ta yi aiki da Majalisar Wakilan Afirka a gudun hijira a lokacin mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata daga shekarun 1961 zuwa 1994. A gwamnatin bayan mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata, ta kasance jakadiyar Afirka ta Kudu a Tanzaniya, Botswana, da Mozambique tsakanin shekarun 1995 zuwa 2009.

## Rayuwar farko da gudun hijira
An haifi Lujabe-Rankoe a cikin shekarar 1936 a Gabashin Cape.  A shekarar 1960 ne gwamnatin mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata ta haramta wa jam’iyyar ANC, kuma Lujabe-Rankoe ta bi jam’iyyar zuwa gudun hijira a shekara mai zuwa; Ta kasance a hedikwatar gudun hijira na wucin gadi a Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, inda ayyukanta suka hada da buga wa shugaban ANC, Oliver Tambo.

A cikin shekaru talatin masu zuwa, Lujabe-Rankoe ta riƙe muƙamai iri-iri a jam'iyyar ANC, ciki har da matsayin babbar wakiliyarta a birnin Oslo na ƙasar Norway daga shekarun 1988 zuwa 1994 da kuma shugabar ƙungiyar mata ta ANC a yankin Botswana da Zimbabwe. Ta koma Afirka ta Kudu bayan shekaru 33 a shekara ta 1994 bayan zaɓen gama gari na shekarar bayan mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata.

## Aikin diflomasiyya
A cikin watan Janairun 1995, Shugaba Nelson Mandela ya naɗa Lujabe-Rankoe a matsayin babban kwamishiniyar Afirka ta Kudu na farko bayan mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata a Tanzaniya; ta kafa babbar hukumar Afirka ta Kudu a can.   Bayan shekaru huɗu, an naɗa ta a matsayin babbar kwamishiniya a Botswana sannan kuma a matsayin babbar kwamishiniya a Mozambique.  A shekara ta 2009, ta koma Afirka ta Kudu don yin aiki a makarantar horar da diflomasiyya na Sashen Hulɗa da Haɗin Kai.  Har ila yau, ta sami sha'awar kasuwanci daban-daban a Afirka ta Kudu,   kuma ta buga jerin abubuwan tunawa guda biyu, *A Dream Fulfilled* (game da aikinta mafi girma) da Ƙasashe *biyu, Vision Ɗaya* (game da lokacinta a Mozambique). 

A cikin watan Afrilu 2019, Shugaba Cyril Ramaphosa ya ba ta Odar Luthuli a Azurfa don:"Kyakkyawan gudunmawar da ta bayar wajen fafutukar 'yantar da al'ummar Afirka ta Kudu. Ta yi gagarumin aiki wajen wayar da kan jama'a game da danniya a Afirka ta Kudu tare da bayar da tallafi ga waɗanda ke fuskantar jami'an tsaron mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu a kullum." 

## Manazarta
Mohammed Muntari Dandutse

**Mohammed Muntari Dandutse** (an haife shi 10 Nuwamban shekarar 1966) ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda a halin yanzu yake zama Sanata mai wakiltar Katsina ta Kudu, wato ( Karadua) Sanata tun a shekarar 2023 .    

## Rayuwar farko da aikin siyasa
Dandutse, ɗan jihar Katsina, ya taɓa zama dan majalisar wakilai, mai wakiltar mazabar Funtua / Dandume ta jihar Katsina daga shekara ta  2015 zuwa 2023. Ɗan jam’iyyar All Progressives Congress (APC) ne.   

## Manazarta
Yankin Afirka, Asiya, Oceania da Antarctica (Italiya)

**Yankin Afirka, Asiya, Oceania da Antarctica** yana ɗaya daga cikin gundumomi huɗu na Italiya waɗanda suka ƙunshi Gundumar Kasashen Waje.

## Yankin
Yankin Afirka, Asiya, Oceania, da kuma mazabar Antarctica sun haɗa da jihohin da Gwamnatin Italiya ta amince da su a Afirka, Asiya (ba tare da Cyprus, Rasha, da Turkiyya ba, waɗanda suke cikin mazabar Turai), yankunan Oceania, le Antarctic. An haɗa 'yan ƙasar Italiya da ke zaune a ƙasashen waje da yankuna a cikin jihohin Turai a cikin mazabar Turai.

A lokacin raba gardama na kundin tsarin mulki na Italiya na 2016, an ba da kuri'u daga masu bincike na ɗan lokaci a wuraren kimiyya a Antarctica ga ofishin jakadancin da ke Wellington kuma an ƙidaya tare da kuri'un daga New Zealand.

A cikin jerin ƙasashe, akwai "Majalisar Mai cin gashin kanta" wanda ya dace da gundumar Urushalima, yankin da gwamnatin Italiya ba ta la'akari da shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na Isra'ila ko Jihar Falasdinu.

Kasar da ke da mafi yawan masu jefa kuri'a na Italiya da ke zaune ita ce Ostiraliya, yayin da ƙasar da ke da ƙarancin ita ce Marshall Islands. Bugu da ƙari, babu rubuce-rubuce a cikin tarihin Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida don kuri'u daga ƙasashe masu zuwa (wanda aka yi alama da taurari sune waɗanda duk da haka akwai wakilcin diflomasiyyar Italiya ko wakilin kwastomomi): Bhutan, Comoros, Fiji*, Iraki, Solomon Islands, Kiribati, Laberiya, Libya*, Micronesia, Nauru, Nijar*, Niue, Papua New Guinea*, Siriya*, Sudan*, Sudan ta Kudu, Timor ta Gabas, Tuvalu, Vanuatu* da Yemen*.

Jerin da ke biyowa yana nuna ƙungiyoyin hukuma da Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ke amfani da su. A cikin 2018, yawan ƙasashe inda masu jefa kuri'a na Italiya suka halarta ya ragu daga 97 zuwa 93.

## Manazarta
Sunday Karimi

**Sunday Steve Karimi** ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne kuma ɗan majalisar dattawa mai wakiltar mazabar Kogi ta yamma a jihar Kogi .  Karimi shine shugaban kwamitin kula da ayyukan majalisar dattawa. 

Daga shekara ta 2011 zuwa 2019, Karimi shine memba mai wakiltar Yagba East/Yagba West/Mopamuro constituency a majalisar wakilai . 

A watan Oktoban shekarar 2023, Karimi ya bayyana a wata hira da gidan talabijin na Channels TV cewa majalisar dattijai na bukatar siyan motocin da ake shigowa da su na wasanni ga mambobinta 109 saboda "Mafi yawan hanyoyin mu ba su da kyau."   Lokacin da mai hira Seun Okinbaloye ya kalubalanci shi, ya kare matsayinsa da cewa, "Wani minista yana da motocin Land Cruiser sama da uku, Prado, da sauran motoci, kuma ba ku yi musu tambayoyi ba; me ya sa mu?" 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haife shi a Egbe, ƙaramar hukumar Yagba ta yamma, jihar Kogi. Ya karanta Production Engineering a Kwara State College of Technology, Ilorin, Kwara State, inda ya yi fice a 1979. 

Ya samu horo a shahararriyar kwalejin Titcombe, Egbe, wadda ƙungiyar Sudan Interior Mission (SIM) ta kafa, daga baya ya zama babban jigo a fannin albarkatun ruwa na Najeriya. 

## Rayuwar Siyasa
A zaɓen fidda gwanin da aka fafata, Karimi ya hau kan goyon bayan gwamna mai ci Yahaya Bello  domin samun tikitin tsayawa takarar jam’iyyar All Progressive Congress inda ya zama ɗan takarar jam’iyyar a zaɓen shekarar 2023 na sanata a jihar Kogi bayan ya doke Sanata Smart Adeyemi na jam’iyyar siyasa daya. 

Ya ci gaba da tsayawa takara a babban zaɓen inda ya kayar da babban abokin hamayyarsa, Tajudeen Yusuf na jam’iyyar PDP ya zama dan majalisar dattawa mai wakiltar mazabar Kogi ta Yamma 

Sunday Karimi ya taba gargadi Mohammed Ali Ndume a zauren majalisar dattijai, da ya yi kamar yadda yake wa’azi lokacin da yake gargadin sauran shugabanni. Musamman kan batutuwan da suka shafi tsaro, kamar yadda ake sa ran shugabanni za su jagoranci daga gaba 

### Kudi da kudurori sun dauki nauyi
Sunday Karimi ya dauki nauyin kudirori da dama tare da gabatar da kudiri a zauren majalisar wakilai da na majalisar dattawa. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan kudiri na neman hana gwamna da mataimakan babban bankin Najeriya shiga harkokin siyasa wanda ya tsallake karatu na biyu a majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2023.  

## Ci gaban al'umma
A ci gaba da ƙoƙarin magance tabarbarewar tsaro a yankin mazaɓar Kogi ta Yamma a jihar Kogi, Sanata Sunday Karimi ya gina tare da mika cikakken kayyakin sansanin soji ga hukumomin sojin Najeriya .

Sansanin sojin dai yana wajen garin Egbe ne a ƙaramar hukumar Yagba ta Yamma a jihar. 

Sunday Karimi, ya taimaka wajen gina sabbin rijiyoyin burtsatse masu amfani da hasken rana mai lamba 75 da kuma gyara wasu matsugunan ruwa guda 60 a fadin yankunan Kogi ta Yamma . Aikin wanda aka kiya  .

## Manazarta
Asalin Afirka

Aikin Asalin Afirka wani bayanan bayanai ne wanda masu bincike ke gudanarwa a Jami'ar Emory, Jojiya, Amurka, wanda ke da niyyar yin rikodin duk abubuwan da aka sani game da kasashen Afirka, gami da duk kayan aikin da suka shafi Cinikin bayi na Atlantic. Shirin 'yar'uwa ne ga Voyages: The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database.

## Manazarta
Mutanen Pokot

Mutanen Pokot (wanda kuma ake kira Pökoot) suna zaune a gundumar Pokot ta Yamma da gundumar Baringo a Kenya da kuma gundumar Pokot na yankin gabashin Karamoja a Uganda. Suna kafa wani yanki na ƙabilar Kalenjin kuma suna magana da yaren Pökoot, wanda yayi kama da Marakwet, Nandi, Tuken da sauran membobin ƙungiyar harshen Kalenjin.

## Tarihi

Ƙungiyar matan Pokot suna tafiya zuwa taro
Asalin
Asalin Pokot da aka kafa a cikin kwarin Kerio watakila a farkon ƙarshen 18th kuma tabbas bai wuce tsakiyar karni na 19 ba Ya fito ne daga hadewar zamanin Sirkwa Chok ta bangaren Pokotozek na Maliri.

## Cigabansu
Bayanan farko na karni na 20 na Pokot sun gano rassa daban-daban na al'umma guda biyu tare da faɗakarwa cewa kamar yadda hanyoyin rayuwa guda biyu ke dalla-dalla, mutane ɗaya ne.

Beech (1911) ya gano manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin sassan aikin gona da makiyaya na Pokot a; rantsuwa, hukuncin kisa da kisa, hukuncin cin zarafi, hukuncin maita, hukuncin sata da fashi, aure & saki, mafita idan bashi da bashi da mallakar fili Sai dai ya lura cewa “dole ne a tuna da cewa, ko da yake an rubuta su a nan a matsayin sassa biyu daban-daban, tudun da Suk na makiyaya sun kasance iri ɗaya ne”

## Ƙungiyar zamantakewa
Ko da a farkon matakan haɗa kai, babu wani sanannen bambance-bambance a cikin al'amuran zamantakewa, farawa ko mulki tsakanin ƙungiyoyin Pokot guda biyu. A fannin zamantakewa, an raba mazan Pokot zuwa rukuni uku; Karachna ko samari, Muren ko mazaje masu kaciya da Poi ko tsofaffi. Yaran maza da zarar an yi musu kaciya za su shiga tsarin shekaru.

## Dangantaka tsakanin kabilu
Kabilun Turkana, Samburu da Pokot sun shirya wa juna hare-haren shanu. Kungiyoyin biyu sun shafe lokuta da dama na yaki da zaman lafiya

## manazarta
Mentone (disambiguation)

**Mentone** na iya kasancewa:

## Wuraren da aka yi

* Mentone, Victoria, Ostiraliya
* Mentone Beach, Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia
* Gundumar zabe ta Mentone, Victoria, Australia

* Menton, Faransa; wani lokacin an fis sanin shi da sunan Italiyanci *Mentone*

### Amurka

* Mentone, Alabama
* Mentone, California
* Mentone, Indiana
* Mentone, Texas

## Makarantu

* Makarantar Grammar ta Mentone, Mentone, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
* Makarantar 'yan mata ta Mentone, Mentone, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
* Kwalejin Sakandare ta Mentone, Mentone, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

## Sauran amfani

* Mentone Productions, kamfanin fina-finai na Amurka
* Tashar jirgin kasa ta Mentone, Mentone, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Karamoja

Yankin Karamoja, wanda aka fi sani da Karamoja, yanki ne a Uganda. Ya ƙunshi yanki na 27,528km kuma ya haɗa da gundumar Kotido, gundumar Kaabong, gundumar Karenga, gundumar Nabilatuk, gundumar Abim, gundumar Moroto, gundumar Napak, gundumar Amudat da gundumar Nakapirit. Ana hasashen yankin zai sami yawan jama'a miliyan 1.4 a shekarar 2022 ta UBOS

## Yanayin garin
A cikin 2011, yankin Karamoja ya kasance wurin da aka gano mahimman burbushin halittu. Masana burbushin halittu sun gano gawar Ugandapithecus major, kakannin firfimate mai shekaru miliyan 20. Martin Pickford, daya daga cikin masu binciken da suka gudanar da binciken ya ce "Kasusuwa ne mai matukar muhimmanci kuma tabbas zai sanya Uganda cikin taswira ta fuskar kimiyyar kimiyya."

## Tarihi
Turawan mulkin mallaka ne suka mallaki yankin daga 1916 zuwa 1962. yunwar da ta afkawa yankin a shekarar 1980, ta fuskar yawan mace-mace, daya ne daga cikin mafi muni a tarihi. 21% na yawan jama'a sun mutu, ciki har da 60% na jarirai.

## Rikicin makami

Wannan sashe yana buƙatar ƙarin bayani don tabbatarwa. Da fatan za a taimaka inganta wannan labarin ta ƙara ambato zuwa amintattun tushe a wannan sashe. Ana iya ƙalubalanci abubuwan da ba a samo su ba kuma a cire su.
Nemo tushe: "Karamoja" - labarai · jaridu · littattafai · malami · JSTOR (Janairu 2016) (Koyi yadda da lokacin cire wannan sakon)
Yayin da makiyaya da rikice-rikice ke da alaƙa da juna, haɗin gwiwar sarrafa albarkatun ƙasa, kamar kiwo, kiwo da ruwa ya zama mahimmanci. Ta fuskar harkokin tattalin arziki, yankin ya dogara ne da kiwon shanu, da hako ma'adinai, da cinikayyar amfanin gona tare da gundumomi makwabta. A tsakiyar shekara ta 2006, kamar yadda jaridar Inner City Press ta fara bayar da rahoto sannan kuma jaridar The New Vision ta ruwaito, hukumar raya kasa ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta dakatar da shirye-shiryenta na kwance damarar makamai a Karamoja domin mayar da martani kan take hakin bil-Adama a cikin shirin kwance damara na tilas da sojojin Uganda (UPDF) suka yi. An samu rahotannin cin zarafi da fararen hula da dama sakamakon kwance damarar makamai, yayin da dakarun sojoji da mayakan makiyaya suka yi arangama. Yakin kwance damarar yakan kunshi UPDF da ke kewaye da manyatas (kauyuka) da kuma kwashe mutane daga ciki, kafin yin kitsa binciken boye makamai. A cikin Satumba 2007, Human Rights Watch ta fitar da wani rahoto mai shafi 97

## Harshe da kabilanci
Babban labarin: Harshen Karamojong
Karimojong wani bangare ne na Karimojong Cluster na kabilar Nilotic (wanda kuma aka sani da Teso Cluster). Harsunan Jie da Dodoth ba iri ɗaya bane, amma suna fahimtar juna tare da Karimojong. Kabilar Ethur ba ta da tabbas, amma ana ɗaukar su a matsayin ainihin Nilotic (idan an gauraye) kuma ana ɗaukar harshensu a matsayin yaren Luo. Ik da Tepeth suna da yarukan nasu, amma waɗannan suna ƙarƙashin matsi mai girma daga harshen Karimojong (Shashanci) da ke kewaye da su.

## manazarta
2-Nitronaphthalene

2-Nitronaphthalene wani fili ne na kwayoyin halitta tare da dabarar C10H7NO2. Yana daya daga cikin isomers biyu na nitronaphthalene, ɗayan kuma shine 1-nitronaphthalene. 2-Nitronaphthalene ana samar da shi a cikin ƙananan yawan amfanin ƙasa akan nitration na naphthalene, amma ana iya samun shi da kyau ta hanyar diazotization na 2-aminonaphthalene

## Manazarta
Bikin kone na africa

AfrikaBurn wani babban taron yanki ne na kunar mutane  wanda aka gudanar a Quaggafontein (lit. "fountain Quagga") a cikin Tankwa Karoo, a lardin Western Cape na Afirka ta Kudu. An ta'allaka ne kan gina wata al'umma mai kirkire-kirkire na wucin gadi a cikin wani yanki na hamada, wanda ya hada da zane-zane na al'ada, wanda wasu daga cikinsu ana kona su zuwa karshen taron. Masu halarta da yawa suna sanya kayan ado na musamman wasu kuma suna ƙirƙirar “motocin mutant” ƙawance. Wadannan motocin fasahar tafi da gidanka ana kiransu da sunan Desert Mutant Vehicles a hukumance.

## Tarihi
An kafa Afirka Burns Creative Projects (AfrikaBurn) a cikin 2007 a matsayin kamfani mai zaman kansa, tare da niyyar zai zama abin hawa don ƙirƙira da daidaita taron yanki na Afirka ta Kudu mai cin gashin kansa. Paul Jorgensen ne ya fara daukar ciki AfrikaBurn

Paul Jorgensen ya halarci taron Burning Man da yawa kuma ya zama abokai na kwarai tare da Larry Harvey da dangin Burner, ya fito Afirka ta Kudu don ganin iyayensa kuma tare da bayyana niyyar samar da wani dandamali na fasaha don hada kai tare da hada ’yan uwansa na Afirka ta Kudu a filin wasa ba tare da siyasa ba. Abokinsa daga makaranta Robert Weinek (aka Miss Nesbitt) shine zaɓi na halitta don mai haɗin gwiwa.

## Mara da dangi

San Clan ya ƙone a AfrikaBurn 2015
Ta hanyar kwatankwacin Mutumin da ke Kona Man, ana kiran babban sassaka a wurin taron San Clan. An ƙera shi don yin kama da San rock art glyph na ƙungiyar mutane. Manufar ita ce isar da ra'ayin haɗin kai da al'umma a wurin taron. Kamar wasu sassaka sassa a wurin taron, an kona shi. A da dai ana yin wannan kone-kone ne a daren ranar Asabar, amma yanzu an shirya za a yi daren Juma’a domin a samu jinkirin yanayi da kuma baiwa mahalarta daga nesa mai nisa damar dawowa gida daga taron. Alamar asali, na ruhin dangin rawa da yawa Liane Visser ne ya fara cin nasara.

## manazarta
A cikin rikicin garkuwa da mutane Amenas

**Rikicin yin garkuwa da mutanen** **a Amenas** ya fara ne a ranar 16 ga Janairun 2013, lokacin da 'yan ta'adda masu alaka da al-Qaeda da ke da alaka da wata birgediya karkashin jagorancin Mokhtar Belmokhtar suka yi garkuwa da 'yan kasashen waje a cibiyar iskar iskar Tigantourine da ke kusa da In Amenas, Algeria. Daya daga cikin manyan laftanar Belmokhtar, Abdul al Nigeri ne ya jagoranci harin kuma yana cikin 'yan ta'addan da aka kashe.[6] Bayan kwanaki hudu, dakarun musamman na Aljeriya sun kai farmaki a wurin, a kokarin kubutar da mutanen da aka yi garkuwa da su.

An kashe akalla ‘yan kasashen waje 39 da aka yi garkuwa da su tare da wani jami’in tsaron Aljeriya, ko da yake ba a san hakikanin adadin ba, kamar yadda ‘yan ta’adda 29 suka mutu. An 'yantar da ma'aikatan Aljeriya 685 da baki 107. An kama 'yan ta'adda uku.

Yana daya daga cikin hare-hare da dama a Magrib da kungiyoyin Islama suka kai tun shekara ta 2002. Akwai shaidun da ke nuna cewa barazanar na karuwa kafin faruwar lamarin. Akwai kuma shaidar da ke nuna barazanar kai tsaye ga ma’aikatan da suka yi hijira.

## Kai hari
Mafi cikakken bayanin da ake samu game da harin ya fito ne daga kwafin shaidar shaidar gani da ido da aka bai wa HM Coroner a Landan. Wani tushen bayanin shine gidan yanar gizon binciken In Amenas. Makamin iskar gas na Tigantourine yana da tazarar kilomita 40 (mil 25) kudu maso yamma da In Amenas, kusa da kan iyakar Libya da kimanin kilomita 1,300 (mita 810) kudu maso gabas da babban birnin Aljeriya, Algiers. Kamfanin mai na kasar Aljeriya, Sonatrach, yana gudanar da aikin hakar iskar gas tare da kamfanin BP na Burtaniya da kamfanin Statoil na Norway. Yana samar da kashi 10% na iskar gas da Aljeriya ke samarwa.

Rikicin ya fara ne da sanyin safiyar ranar 16 ga watan Janairun 2013. Kimanin 'yan ta'addar Islama 32 a cikin motoci 4 zuwa 5, wadanda suka shiga kasar Aljeriya daga Libya da arewacin Mali, sun kai hari kan wata motar bas da ke jigilar ma'aikata daga wata masana'antar iskar gas a kusa da garin In Amenas da ke gabashin kasar Aljeriya mai nisan kilomita 60 (37 mi) yamma da kan iyaka da Libya, inda suka kashe wasu ma'aikatan.  Da misalin karfe 5:40 na safe ‘yan ta’addan da ke cikin mota kirar Toyota Land Cruisers sun kai farmaki kan rukunin gidaje na Base de Vie. Har ila yau, 'yan ta'addar sun kai hari kan Cibiyar Gudanar da Gudanarwa (CPF) da kanta. 'Yan ta'addan sun damfari masana'antar da bama-bamai, kuma sun yi barazanar "karshe mai ban tausayi" idan aka yi kokarin kubutar da wadanda aka kama.

## Mutuwa
A ranar 19 ga watan Janairu, an kashe 'yan ta'adda 11 da kuma wadanda aka yi garkuwa da su 7 a wani hari na karshe da suka kai domin kawo karshen fadan. Bugu da kari, an kubutar da wasu ‘yan kasashen waje 16 da aka yi garkuwa da su, wadanda suka hada da Amurkawa 2, da Jamusawa 2, da kuma dan Fotigal 1.

An kashe wani dan kasar Aljeriya da aka yi garkuwa da shi (mai gadi) da wasu ‘yan kasashen waje 39 da aka yi garkuwa da su daga kasashe tara daban-daban a yayin harin. Batun asalin ƙasar waɗanda aka yi garkuwa da su, tun daga ranar 25 ga Janairu, 2013, ya kasance kamar haka:

## Manazarta
Bikin demba

Bikin Damba shi ne biki mafi girma a Ghana, wanda al'ummomin yankunan Arewa, Savanna, Arewa maso Gabas, Gabas ta Gabas da Gabas ta Gabas na Ghana ke yi.[1] A cikin 'yan kwanakin nan, Damba ya zama bikin kasa da kasa, wanda ke jawo baƙi daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Ana yin bikin kowace shekara a Jamus, Amurka, da Burtaniya  

Sunan Damba yana cikin Dagbani. Sauran bambance-bambancen sun haɗa da Damma a Mampruli da Jingbenti a Waali. Ana gudanar da bikin ne a watan Damba, wata na uku na kalandar Dagomba. Manufar bikin ita ce bikin al'adun gargajiya, tarihi da sarautar Dagbon da masarautu masu alaƙa. Dagbon ita ce wurin haifuwar masarautu, masu sarauta da sarauta a Ghana da Burkina Faso. Haka nan watan Damba ya yi daidai da wata na uku a kalandar Musulunci wato Rabi’a al-Awwal. An fara gudanar da bikin Damba ne don tunawa da haihuwar Muhammadu da kuma suna, amma manufar bikin ta sauya akasari domin daukaka gado da sarauta. Gonjas na yankin Savanna kuma sun karbe Damba. Gonjas na da takamaiman watanni da suke gudanar da bukukuwan. An karkasa biki gida uku; da Somo Damba, Naa Damba (Sarki) da Belkulsi (muzaharar bankwana).

### Ayyuka
An fara bikin ne da sanarwar ganin watan da Yidan Moli, ga Yaa Naa. A ranar 11 ga wata ne za a fara Damba na "Somo" sai kuma "Naa" (Sarakuna) Damba a rana ta 17. An kammala shi da “bielkulsi” [ wanda shi ne kololuwar bikin, wanda ya zo a ranar 18 ga watan Damba   A cikin wannan lokaci, ana yin addu'a ga magabata, ana yin ganga da raye-raye, iyalai suna ziyartar abokai da musayar kyaututtuka. Har ila yau, bikin ya hada da Binchera Damba, inda matasa ke sa tufafin da suka gaji amma na zamani, da Shinkaafa Gahimbu (dauko shinkafa).

## Yila Bohambu (bita na kida)
Tafsirin wakokin Damba da daddare, karkashin jagorancin matan kotuna, a manyan fadoji a fadin Dagbon da masarautu masu alaka. Wannan yana faruwa ne a cikin kwanaki goma na farkon wata.

## Binchera Damba
Wannan wasan kwaikwayo ne da rawa. Ana yin ta ne a fadoji daban-daban. Matasa sune manyan mahalarta taron.

## Somo Damba
Ya hada da addu'a da rawa.

## Shinkaafa Gahimbu
Wannan aikin ya ƙunshi diban shinkafa. Ya shafi malaman kotu, karkashin jagorancin Yidan Moli a fadar Gbewaa.

### Nahu Glibu
Zagaye da saniya, yi da shugabanni.

## Na Damba
Damba na Sarki. Ya ƙunshi raye-raye da wasan kwaikwayo da yawa.

## Belkulsi (Na bankwana)
Tsari da bankwana kala-kala.

## manazarta
Raid a kan Reghaïa (1837)

**Raid akan Reghaïa** a cikin Mayu 1837, lokacin da Faransa ta mamaye Aljeriya, ya fafata da 'yan mulkin mallaka na Faransa a yankin Reghaïa da sojojin Kabyle na ƙungiyar Igawawen.

## Sharar fage
Kafin mulkin mallaka Igawawen, wanda aka fi sani da Zwawas ya yi aiki a matsayin sojoji a karkashin Deylik na Algiers. Bayan juyin mulkin da Ali Khodja ya yi sun kara samun tasiri a cikin kasar. A cikin 1830 Faransa ta mamaye Algiers, kuma ta fara mamayar Faransa a Aljeriya. Zwawa sun yi aiki a karkashin sojojin karkashin jagorancin Ibrahim Agha, musamman a yakin Staouéli. Bayan faduwar Algiers, Faransawa sun fara mamaye yankin Mitidja da ke kewaye da birnin. Da farko sun ci sojojin Mostéfa Boumezrag a Médea, ba da daɗewa ba Mohamed ben Zamoum ya dakatar da su a Yaƙin Blida na Farko. A shekara ta 1837 aka kwace yawancin Mitidja, kuma Faransa ta fara mamaye ƙasashen Zwawa.

Mercier da Saussine Farm

Babban labarin: Pieds-Noirs

Bayan da Kanar Maximilien Joseph Schauenburg (1784-1838) ya yi kisan kiyashin da aka yi a El Ouffia a shekara ta 1832, sai da taki na cin zarafi da kwace filaye da kadarori na Aljeriya ya karu domin samar da karin manoman Faransa a Mitidja daga shekara ta 1836. Don haka, a cikin Reghaïa, an ba wa Faransawa biyu ƙauyuka fiye da hekta 3,000, waɗanda ake kira Mercier da Saussine, don kafa wata babbar cibiyar noma a wannan fili mai dausayi. Dan kasuwa Mercier wanda ya zo daga Amurka a shekara ta 1836 ya riga ya ƙware a harkokin kasuwanci da irin wannan aiki.

## Kai hari
Babban labarin: Masarautar Abdelkader

Sarki Mustapha (1814-1863) ya shirya wani hari wanda aka kai tun ranar 8 ga Mayu 1837 a gonar Reghaia, dake tsakanin Oued Reghaïa [ar] da Oued Hamiz [ar] a cikin filin Mitidja. Ƙungiyoyin Zwawa, musamman Beni Aïcha, Issers da Amraoua sun yi wa Rigaya ganima. Wasu ‘yan mulkin mallaka na Faransa guda biyu ne Zwawa suka kashe a cikin gonakin noma, kuma an kwashe shanu masu yawa daga cikin sansani aka kai su yankin Oued Isser. Amma duk da haka, manoman Reghaïa da sojojin yankin sun samu nasarar kare wannan hari na farko a layin da ke tsakanin Mitidja da Kabylia, kamar yadda aka kai hari na biyu a shekara ta 1839, sannan a karkashin sarki Abdelkader da Ahmed ben Salem.

## Manazarta