Faduwar kai

Flagellation na kai shine aikin horo da ibada na bulala da wasu kayan aikin da ke haifar da zafi. A cikin Kiristanci, ana yin bulala a cikin mahallin koyarwar mortification na nama kuma ana ganinsa a matsayin horo na ruhaniya. Sau da yawa ana amfani dashi azaman nau'in tuba kuma an yi niyya ne don ba da damar flagellant ya raba cikin wahalar Yesu, yana mai da hankali ga Allah.

Manyan addinai da ke yin bulala sun hada da wasu rassan Kiristanci da Islama. An kuma yi al'ada a tsakanin membobin addinan Masar da Girka da Romawa da yawa.

## Kiristanci

A tarihi, Kiristoci sun shiga cikin nau'o'i daban-daban na cin zarafin nama, daga rashin amincewa da kai, sanya gashin gashi da sarƙoƙi, azumi, da kuma cin zarafin kai (sau da yawa ta amfani da nau'in bulala da ake kira horo).  Wasu Kiristoci suna amfani da sassan Littafi Mai-Tsarki don tabbatar da wannan al'ada. Alal misali, wasu masu fassara suna da'awar cewa sanarwa ta Bulus Manzo, "Ina azabtar da jikina" (1 Korantiyawa 9:27), yana nufin azabtar da kai. Manyan Kiristoci da suka yi amfani da faduwar kansu sun hada da Martin Luther, Protestant Reformer,  da kuma marubucin Congregationalist Sarah Osborn, wanda ya yi amfani da shi don "don tunatar da ita game da ci gaba da zunubi, lalata, da mugunta a idanun Allah".  Ya zama "yawanci" ga membobin ƙungiyar Tractarian a cikin Anglican Communion don yin amfani da horo.

A cikin karni na 11, Peter Damian, wani malamin Benedictine a cikin al'adar Roman Katolika, ya koyar da cewa ruhaniya ya kamata ta bayyana kanta a cikin horo na jiki; ya gargadi waɗanda suka nemi bin Kristi su yi amfani da kansu har tsawon lokacin da yake ɗaukar mutum ya karanta Zabura arba'in, yana ƙara yawan flagellations a ranakun tsarki na Kalandar Kirista. Ga Damian, waɗanda suka shiga cikin wahalar Kristi ne kawai za a iya ceto. A cikin tarihin Kirista, mortification na nama, inda mutum ya musanta kansa jin daɗi na jiki, an saba bin sa daga malamai, musamman a cikin masallatai da kuma ma'aikatun Kirista. An sanya bulala a matsayin wani nau'i na azabtarwa a matsayin hanyar tuba ga malamai da masu zaman kansu.

## Addinin Yahudanci
Wasu maza Yahudawa suna yin alama ce ta flagellation a ranar da ta gabata kafin Yom Kippur a matsayin doka; an haramta shi sosai a addinin Yahudanci don haifar da rauni. An yi amfani da nassoshi na Littafi Mai-Tsarki kamar su "zai zama taron tsarki a gare ku; kuma za ku sha wahala ga rayukansu" (Leviticus 23:27) don tabbatar da waɗannan ayyukan. Al'ada ce a Zamanin Tsakiya ga maza su yi wa kansu bulala a baya sau 39. Koyaya, tun lokacin Littafi Mai-Tsarki Yahudanci ya fi la'akari da Yom Kippur a matsayin ranar kafara ta ruhaniya da aka samu ta hanyar azumi, introspection, da sauran fassarorin umarnin "yi wa rayukansu wahala" wanda ba ya haɗa da cutar da kai.

## Musulunci

Yawancin al'ummar Shia Goma sha biyu suna ƙoƙari su yi koyi da Imam Husain ta hanyar bulala kansu kamar yadda Kiristoci ke ƙoƙarin yin koyi da Yesu Kristi. Ana nuna wannan ta hanyar wasan kwaikwayo na jama'a na matam. Abokin Shia ga wani Kirista flagellant shine matdar. Wannan al'ada na matam an yi shi ne don sake tabbatar da bangaskiyar mutum da dangantaka ta hanyar ƙirƙirar kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin mahalarta ta hanyar ibadar addini. Duk da yanayin tashin hankali na wannan al'ada, soyayya da rauni da ke tattare da shi ya sa ya zama aikin al'ada mai tabbatarwa. Yawancin al'ummomin Shia a duk duniya suna tafiya a cikin manyan fareti a kowace shekara a Ranar Ashura, a lokacin makoki na Muharram, don tunawa da Yaƙin Karbala da shahadar Imam Hussein. A lokacin waɗannan fareti, masu ibada sun buge kansu a kirji ko kuma sun yanke kansu da takalma a kan sarƙoƙi da ake kira *zanjerzani*. Kodayake ba a saba gani ba, wasu al'ummomin Shia sun buge kansu a baya da sarƙoƙi da abubuwa masu kaifi kamar wuƙaƙe. Wannan yana faruwa a kasashe da yawa ciki har da Indiya, Pakistan, Iraki, Afghanistan, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Amurka,  [mafi kyawun tushe da ake buƙata] da Australia. 

Flagellation na kai yana da rikici a cikin Islama kamar yadda yake a cikin Kristanci. A shekara ta 2008, wani shahararren shari'ar kotu da ta shafi wani mazaunin garin Eccles na Burtaniya, wanda aka zarge shi da karfafa 'ya'yansa su yi wa kansu bulala, ya haifar da yaduwar hukunta aikin. Shi'a sun amsa ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa bai kamata a ƙarfafa yara su cutar da kansu ba, amma suna kare muhimmancin al'ada lokacin da manya masu yarda suka yi. Koyaya, wasu shugabannin Shia suna tsoron cewa aikin yana ba da mummunar suna ga addininsu, kuma yana ba da shawarar ba da gudummawar jini a maimakon haka.

## Manazarta