Ibn Daqiq al-'Id

** Taḳī al-Dīn Abū ’l-Fatḥ Muḥammad b. ʿAlī b. Wahb b. Muṭīʿ b. Abi ’l-Ṭāʿa**, commonly known as **Ibn Daqiq al-'Id** (; 1228–1302), shi Sunni Egyptian scholar An yi masa lakabi da ɗaya daga cikin manya-manyan malaman Musulunci wajen assasa Shari’ar Musulunci da kuma a kida, kuma shi ne jagora a mazhabar shari’a Shafi’i. Ya kasance fitaccen masanin shari'a tare da manyan ayyukan shari'a da dama da ya tabbatar da hakan . Haka nan kuma ya kware a fannin hadisi.  Ya kasance muhaddith wanda ya shahara kuma kwararren marubuci ne akan hadisi da il-rijal. . An san shi a matsayin babban malamin hadisai a zamaninsa kuma ana ikirari da cewa shi ne "*malaman hadisi mafi daraja a karni na sha uku*" Duk da cewa Ibn Daqiq al-'id ya kware a fikihu Shafi'i a karkashin Ibn 'Abd al.  -Salam, shi ma ya kware a fannin Maliki fiqhu.  Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban alkalin mazhabar Shafi'iyya a Egypt .An ɗauke shi a matsayin alkali mai girma da daraja a zamaninsa .Ya yi fi ce a cikin ilimomin Musulunci da dama kuma ya kasance mai iko a harshen Larabci da tauhidin ilimi.  Ya kuma yi fice saboda iyawar sa a poetry, baka, da adabi .Taqi al-Din al-Subki ya ce, an yi ijma'i a tsakanin musulmi cewa Ibn Daqiq al-'Id " (cikakkiya/mai ikon kansa [mujtahid]) ne. ]) da cikakken ilimin ilimin shari'a" da kuma [Mujaddidi|mujaddadi a karni na 8 na Musulunci. .

## Suna
Ya gaji sunan "Ibn Daqiq al-'Id" daga kakansa, wanda aka ce ya ji daɗin sanya fararen turban mai haske - wanda yake fari kamar garin da aka yi amfani da shi don yin burodi - a lokacin hutun Eid. Daga baya, an canja sunan ga ɗansa sannan kuma ga Imam Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn 'Ali ibn Wahb, wanda ake kira Ibn Daqiq al-'Id.

## Rayuwa ta farko

### Haihuwar
An haifi Ibn Daqiq a Yanbu a cikin Ḥidjaz (ba a Ƙananan Misira ba kamar yadda Brockelmann ya nuna) a Shaʿban 625 AH / Yuli 1228 AD kuma an haife shi a cikin Ƙabilar Larabawa ta Banu Qushayr . 

### Ilimi
Ya halarci halaqahs da yawa a birnin Qus bayan ya koyi Alkur'ani da zuciya tun yana ƙarami, kuma mahaifinsa ya kai shi makarantar shari'a ta Maliki. Daga ƙarshe, duk da haka, neman ilimi ya kai shi ga Sheikh Al-Baha 'Al-Qifti, ɗalibin uba. Tare da Sheikh Mohammad Abu Al-Fadl Al-Mursi, ya kuma yi karatun Larabci. Don ci gaba da karatunsa, daga baya ya koma Alkahira kuma ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin Imam Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam, wanda aka sani da "*Sultanul Ulama*". Daga wannan, ya yi nazarin dokoki da tushe na shari'a Shafi'i, kuma Imam Izz Al-Din 'Ibn 'Abd a-Salam ya jagoranci shi har zuwa ranar mutuwarsa a AH 660 (1262 AD).  Baya ga wannan, ya yi nazarin hadith sosai a ƙarƙashin masanin hadisi mai haske, al-Mundhiri kuma ya mallaki kimiyya a ƙarƙashinsa. Bayan haka, ya yi tafiya zuwa Dimashƙu don ci gaba da nazarin Hadith daga masana a can kafin ya koma Masar kuma ya koma Qus, birnin ƙuruciyarsa.

## Rayuwar ilimi

### Koyarwa
A cewar makarantar Maliki, an nada shi a matsayin alƙali bayan ya dawo Qus yana da shekaru 37. Amma matsayinsa na wucin gadi ne kawai tunda bai ji daɗi da shahararren da ya zo da sabon matsayinsa ba. Ba da daɗewa ba, ya sami kansa ya koma Alkahira kuma yana koyar da al'adun annabci a Darul Hadith Al-Kamil, makarantar da Sultan Al-Kamil ya kafa a AH 621 (1224 AD). 

An amince da kwarewarsa a Hadith da sauri, kuma an ba shi taken "*Shaykh na Darul Hadith*," wanda shine mafi girman girmamawa a cikin wannan ma'aikata ta musamman. An san shi da hankali da tsauraransa, yana ci gaba da bincike kan sarƙoƙi tsakanin hadisai.

Daga baya, ya zama malamin shari'a a Makarantar Nasiriyyah ta Salahuddin al-Ayubi, wacce aka gina kusa da Kabarin Imam al-Shafi'i kuma galibi ta yi aiki a makarantar Shafi'i. Saboda kwarewarsa a makarantun shari'a na Shafi'i da Maliki, an gayyace shi ya koyar a Madrasah Fadiliyyah, wani sanannen ma'aikata wanda kuma ke da gidaje ga al-Qurtubi.

### Babban Mai Shari'a
Da yake riƙe da wannan matsayi a zuciya, bai ba da matsin lamba don nuna favouritism ba. A wani lokaci, ya yi watsi da shaidar Sakataren Sultanate, Monkutmar, yana mai bayyana cewa shi mutum ne wanda ba a amince da shi ba a cikin karar gado. A mayar da martani, Montkumar ya aika da manzanni da yawa don shawo kan Ibn Daqiq ya yi imani da labarinsa. Ibn Daqiq daga ƙarshe ya yi murabus a kan shawarar Monkutmar, ba tare da damuwa da matakin ba.

Bugu da ƙari, ya kafa cibiyar da za ta kula da gudanarwa da kula da kayan marayu har sai sun girma. A Misira, wannan mataki ne mai ban mamaki kuma saboda haka an dauke shi majagaba. Ya kafa wata hanyar da za ta sa ido kan jin daɗin marayu gaba ɗaya.

Bayan mutuwar Alkalin Ibn Bint al-'Aziz, an kusanci Imam Ibn Daqiq don ɗaukar matsayin Babban Alkalin a cikin 695 A. H. (1296 AZ). Ko da yake da farko ya yi jinkiri, a ƙarshe ya yarda da bukatar, ya fallasa kansa ga mutane masu tasiri a Misira. A karkashin jagorancinsa, ya ci gaba da buƙatar dokar Islama da za a yi amfani da ita sosai da adalci.

A cikin 695 A.H. (1296 AZ), an nemi Imam Ibn Daqiq ya zama Babban Alkalin bayan Alkalin Ibn Bint al-'Aziz ya mutu. Da farko ya yi jinkiri, amma a ƙarshe ya bi roƙon, ya sanya kansa a gaban mutane masu iko a Misira. Ya tabbatar da bukatar yin amfani da dokar Islama tare da daidaito da adalci yayin da yake aiki a matsayin jagora.

### Dalibai
Ibn Daqiq al-'Id ya koyar da hadith da fiqh ga ƙarni na gaba na malaman:

* Ibn al-Rif'ah
* Ibn Jamil al-Ruba'i
* Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati
* Kamal al-Din al-Adfawi
* Al-Mizzi
* Ibn Sayyid al-Nas
* Al-Dhahabi
* al-Nuwayri
* Taqi al-Din al-Subki

## Mutuwa
Ibn Daqiq ya mutu a ranar Jumma'a, na goma sha ɗaya na Safar, a cikin shekara ta 702 AH, kuma an binne shi a ranar Asabar a ƙarƙashin Mokattam, gabashin Alkahira. An dauke shi ranar bala'i, kuma an yi addu'o'i a kansa. Mambobin sarauta na Sultanate sun halarci jana'izarsa, da kuma babban taro na al'ummar (Masar). Ibn Daqiq ya bar ayyuka da yawa a kan hadith da kimiyyar shari'a, wanda Laburaren Larabawa har yanzu ke girmamawa har zuwa yau.

## Karɓar baƙi
Masanin mashahuriyar Zahiri hadith, Ibn Sayyid al-Nas ya ce: "Ban ga wani kamar shi a cikin kowa da na gani ba, kuma ban ji wani da ya fi shi girma a cikin abin da na gani da ba da labari ba. Ya kasance mai tara kimiyya, kuma ya ƙware a cikin zane-zane. Ya fi takwarorinsa sanin dalilan hadisi, kuma shi kaɗai ne a cikin wannan fasaha mai daraja a lokacinsa."

Babban masanin hadisi na karni na 18, Shah Waliullah Dehlawi, ya bayyana cewa babu wanda tun lokacin Sahabah da ke da irin wannan zurfi, zurfi da kuma tattaunawa mai ban mamaki a cikin sharhin su na Hadisi a matsayin Imam Ibn Daqiq al-'Id . 

## Ayyuka
A rayuwarsa, Ibn Daqiq ya rubuta littattafai da yawa a kan kimiyyar addini daban-daban, kuma daga cikin shahararrun waɗannan littattafai sune: 

### Hadisi

* *[[Al-Iqtirah fi Ma'rifat Al-Istilah]]*, wannan sanannen gabatarwa ne ga Kalmomin Hadisi kuma yana ƙunshe da bayanin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su a kimiyyar hadith. A ciki, Ibn Daqiq ya tattauna da kyau sosai game da Muhaddithin, nau'ikan masu ba da labari na hadisi, ingancin ji, al'ada, da ma'anar hadisi da aka amince da ita.
* Al-Ilma Chanin al-Jami Chanin Hadith al-Ahkam, a cikin kundi biyu, kuma yana daya daga cikin manyan ayyukan da aka rubuta a fagen sa. Wannan sanannen littafi ya ƙunshi "taron" hadisai waɗanda ke da alaƙa da dokoki. Ibn Taymiyyah ya kasance yana kiran wannan littafin *Kitab al-Islam* kuma ya kasance yana cewa: "Babu littafi kamar shi da aka rubuta. "Dangane da muhimmancin wannan littafin, yawancin malaman hadisi sun rubuta sharhi game da shi. 
* Al-Naam Sharh al-Al-Maam, shi ne na farko kuma mafi kyawun sharhi game da aikinsa al-Ilma da shi da Hadith al-Ahkam. A cewar Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, ya fi kundin 20.
* Ihkam al-Ahkam sharh Umdat al-Ah Kam, an dauke shi mafi kyawun sharhi na Umdat al'Ahkam ta Abd al-Ghani al-Maqdisi. A ciki ya ƙunshi tarin hadisai da aka rarraba a kan surori na shari'a, kamar babi kan tsabtar, babi kan ablution, da babi kan tayammum. Ta hanyar bayyana littafin, ya magance ma'anar hadisi da bayaninsa, kuma ya cire hukunce-hukuncen da ke ciki, da maganganun lauyoyi game da shi da bambance-bambance.
* *Tahf al-Labib fi Sharh al-Taqrib*, sanannen aiki a kan Rijal al-Hadith kuma an dauke shi mafi kyawun sharhi na al-Takrib ta Abu Shuja' al-Isfahani . 
* *Sharh Arba'een Nawawi* sanannen sharhi ne game da Hadith arba'in ta al-Nawawi. Maganarsa ta zama sananne sosai har kusan ba zai yiwu ba ga kowane masanin ya rubuta littafi mai mahimmanci game da hadisai arba'in ba tare da ambaton Ibn-Daqiq ba.

### [[Fiƙihu|Fiqh]] da Usul al-Fiqh

* *Sharh Khulasat al-Zubaydi fi al-Fiqh al-Shafi'i* ("Bayani game da taƙaitaccen Al-Zub Day game da shari'ar Shafi'i") 
* *Sharh Mukhtasar Ibn al-Hajib fi al-Fiqh al-Malkii* ("Bayani game da taƙaitaccen Ibn al- Hajib game da shari'ar Maliki") 
* *Sharh Muqadimat al-Matrazi fi 'Usul al-Fiqh* ("Bayani game da gabatarwar Al-Matraji ga ka'idodin shari'a") 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin Ash'aris

## Manazarta