Charity Adams Earley

**Charity Adams Earley** ( née **Adams** ; Disamba 5, 1918 - Janairu 13, 2002) jami'ar sojojin Amurka ce. Ita ce mace 'yar asalin Afirka ta farko da ta zama jami'a a cikin Rundunar Mata ta Sojojin Soja (daga baya WACs) kuma ita ce babbar jami'ar kwamandan rundunar 6888th Central Directory Corps, ita ce kawai rundunar sojojin mata ta Amurka (WAC) da aka aika zuwa ƙasashen waje a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu . Adams ita ce mace 'yar asalin Afirka ta Amurka mafi matsayi a cikin rundunar a lokacin da aka kammala yaƙin.

An keɓe wani abin tunawa da aka girmama ta a Fort Lee, Virginia, a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 2018. A shekarar 2023, an sake sanya wa sansanin suna Fort Gregg-Adams don girmama Earley da Laftanar Janar Arthur J. Gregg, wanda ya zama sansanin soja na farko na Amurka da ke ɗauke da sunayen 'yan Afirka-Amurka. An sake sanya wa sansanin suna a shekarar 2025,  bayan alƙawarin da Donald Trump ya yi a lokacin yakin neman zabe na dawo da sunan sansanin Confederate . 

Kerry Washington ta nuna Adams a matsayin jarumi a fim ɗin 2024 mai suna *The Six Triple Eight* wanda ke nuna ƙwarewar rundunar 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion a lokacin da suke hidima a Turai.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Adams a ranar 5 ga Disamba, 1918, a Kittrell, North Carolina, kuma ta girma a Columbia, South Carolina . Iyayenta sun yi imani sosai da ilimi kuma sun kasance manyan masu nasara. Mahaifinta, Eugene Adams, wanda ya kammala karatunsa a kwaleji, ya kasance limamin cocin Methodist na Afirka kuma mahaifiyarta, Charity née Nash Adams, malamar makaranta ce.   Adams shine babba cikin 'ya'ya huɗu. Ɗaya daga cikin ƙannenta, John Hurst Adams, ya zama Bishop a cikin AME kuma ya kafa Congress of National Black Churches. Ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Booker T. Washington a matsayin limamin cocin kuma daga Jami'ar Wilberforce da ke Ohio a 1938, tana da digiri a fannin lissafi da kimiyyar lissafi.  An fara Charity Adams Earley a cikin reshen Beta na Delta Sigma Theta sorority yayin da take halartar Jami'ar Wilberforce. Bayan kammala karatunta, ta koma Columbia, inda ta koyar da lissafi a makarantar sakandare ta gida yayin da take karatun ɗan lokaci don digirin MA a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a Jami'ar Jihar Ohio, inda ta sami digirin masters a shekarar 1946.

## Sana'a
Adams ta shiga cikin Rundunar Taimakon Sojojin Mata ta Sojojin Amurka (WAAC) a watan Yulin 1942.  Tana ɗaya daga cikin mata 'yan asalin Afirka ta farko da suka zama jami'a a WAAC. A lokacin, har yanzu ana raba sojojin Amurka, don haka aka sanya ta a cikin wani kamfani tare da sauran jami'an 'yan asalin Afirka mata kuma aka tura ta zuwa Fort Des Moines . A shekarar 1943, an tura ta ta zama mai kula da horo a hedikwatar sansanin.

A farkon shekarar 1944, an sake naɗa Adams a matsayin jami'ar kula da Cibiyar Horarwa wadda ke da alhakin inganta inganci da horar da aiki. Haka kuma tana da ƙarin ayyuka na yau da kullun, kamar jami'ar bincike (nemo kadarorin da suka ɓace) da kuma jami'ar kotu (mai kula da ƙananan laifukan mata). 

A watan Disamba na shekarar 1944, Adams ta jagoranci rundunar sojoji ta Black WACs guda ɗaya tilo da ta taɓa yin hidima a ƙasashen waje. An tura su a Birmingham, Ingila . Matan sun fara mu'amala da 'yan ƙasa kuma sun karya wariya daga ɓangarorin biyu. An naɗa Adams a matsayin shugaban sashin kula da kundin adireshi na gidan waya. Wani ɓangare na aikinta ya haɗa da ɗaga hankalin mata. Adams ta cimma wannan ta hanyar ƙirƙirar wuraren kwalliya don mata su huta su kuma yi mu'amala a ciki. 

A watan Janairun 1945, an naɗa ta a matsayin kwamanda a rundunar farko ta mata 'yan Afirka-Amurka, rundunar 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion . An fara tura su Edgbaston, wani yanki na Birmingham, Ingila. Bayan watanni uku aka mayar da su Rouen, Faransa, sannan aka mayar da su Paris .   Su ne ke da alhakin isar da miliyoyin wasiku ga sojoji a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. 

Da kammala yaƙin, Laftanar Kanar Adams ita ce mace 'yar Afirka mafi girma a cikin sojoji.  A ƙarshen yaƙin, lokacin da aka tambaye ta game da nasarorin da ta samu, Adams ta amsa da sauƙi: "Ina so kawai in yi aikina."  Bayan ta yi murnar nasara, ta bar aikin soja a shekarar 1946 don ci gaba da karatunta. 

### Yaƙi da wariyar launin fata da wariyar launin fata a cikin Sojoji
Tun tana girma a Kudu, Adams ta fuskanci wahalhalun wariya. Lokacin da ta shiga Soja, har yanzu tana fuskantar wariya amma ba ta ji tsoron yin magana da fafutukar kawar da rarrabuwar kawuna a cikin Sojoji ba. Ɗaya daga cikin yaƙe-yaƙe na farko da Adams ya yi don daidaito shi ne lokacin da Sojoji suka ba da shawarar raba rundunar horar da sojoji. Lokacin da aka gaya mata za ta jagoranci ɗaya daga cikin rundunonin da aka ware, ta ƙi. Daga baya Sojojin suka yanke shawarar kin ƙirƙirar rundunonin daban-daban. 

A wani lokaci kuma, lokacin da wani janar ya ce, "Zan aiko da wani farar hula farar hula nan don ya nuna maka yadda ake tafiyar da wannan runduna," a lokacin Manjo Adams ya amsa: "A kan gawata, yallaɓai."  Janar din ya yi barazanar gurfanar da ita a gaban kotu saboda kin bin umarni.  Daga nan sai ta fara shigar da kara a kansa saboda amfani da "harshe da ke nuna wariyar launin fata" da kuma kin bin umarnin da hedikwatar kawance ta bayar.  Dukansu sun yi watsi da batun, kuma janar din daga baya ya girmama Adams. 

Lokacin da kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross ta yi ƙoƙarin bayar da kayan aiki don wani sabon cibiyar nishaɗi da aka ware, Adams ya ƙi amincewa da hakan saboda sashinta yana raba cibiyar nishaɗin da fararen kaya. 

Adams ta ƙarfafa rundunarta ta yi mu'amala da fararen fata da ke dawowa daga gaba har ma da mazauna duk inda suke. Tana son ƙirƙirar abota tsakanin ma'aikatan da aka ɗauka aiki da jami'ai da kuma rage tashin hankalin wariyar launin fata. 

### Malami
Bayan aikinta a Soja, ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam daga Jami'ar Jihar Ohio . Daga baya ta yi aiki a Hukumar Gudanar da Tsoffin Sojoji a Cleveland, Ohio, amma ba da daɗewa ba ta tafi ta koyar a Kwalejin Miller ta Fasaha ta Fine.  Ta koma Nashville kuma ta kasance darektan ma'aikatan ɗalibai a Kwalejin A&amp;amp;I ta Tennessee . Daga nan ta koma Georgia ta zama darektan ma'aikatan ɗalibai kuma mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin ilimi a Kwalejin Jihar Georgia .  Daga baya ta yi aiki a kwamitin amintattu a Kwalejin Al'umma ta Sinclair da ke Dayton, Ohio .  Makarantun Jama'a na Dayton sun kuma sanya wa ɗaya daga cikin makarantunsu suna "Kwalejin 'Yan Mata ta Charity Adams Earley" don girmama ta. 

### Sabis na al'umma
Adams ta sadaukar da mafi yawan rayuwarta bayan yaƙi ga hidimar al'umma. Ta yi aiki a Hukumar Daraktocin Dayton Power and Light, Hukumar Kula da Gidaje ta Dayton Metro, Kamfanin Dayton Opera, Hukumar Gwamnonin Red Cross ta Amurka, da kuma Hukumar Amintattu ta Kwalejin Al'umma ta Sinclair . Ta yi aikin sa kai a NAACP, United Way, Asusun Kwalejin United Negro, Urban League, da kuma YWCA . Ta kuma jagoranci Shirin Ci Gaban Jagoranci Baƙar fata.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
A shekarar 1949, Adams ya auri Stanley A. Earley Jr. Sun ƙaura zuwa Zurich, Switzerland na ɗan lokaci yayin da Stanley ya kammala karatun likitanci. A Zurich, Earley ta yi watanni goma tana koyon Jamusanci a Cibiyar Minerva. Da zarar ta ƙware a yaren, ta yi karatu na tsawon shekaru biyu a Jami'ar Zurich. Earley ta halarci Kwalejin Nazarin Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Jungian a shekararta ta biyu, amma ta zaɓi kada ta ci gaba da karatun digiri.  Sun koma Amurka a shekarar 1952 suka zauna a Dayton  inda Stanley ke aiki a matsayin likita. Suna da 'ya'ya biyu, Stanley III da Judith Earley.

Adams ya mutu yana da shekaru 83 a ranar 13 ga Janairu, 2002, a Dayton. 

## Lambobin yabo da girmamawa
Adams ta sami kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da lambar yabo ta Mace ta Shekara daga Majalisar Ƙasa ta Mata Masu Ra'ayin Kabilanci a 1946, da lambar yabo ta Manyan Mata Goma na Miami Valley Dayton Daily News a 1965, da kuma lambar yabo ta Service to Community daga Majalisar Dattawan Jihar Ohio a 1989. A 1987, ta sami lambar yabo ta Watch Gold Award ta Manyan 'Yan Kasa. An saka ta a cikin jerin mata Baƙaƙe 110 mafi muhimmanci a tarihi na Smithsonian Institution, *Black Women Against the Odds,* a 1982. An shigar da ita cikin Zauren Shahararrun Mata na Ohio a 1979 da kuma Zauren Shahararrun Tsoffin Sojoji na Ohio a 1993. An kuma shigar da ita cikin Zauren Shahararrun Baƙaƙe na South Carolina kuma Hukumar Kwamishinoni ta Montgomery County ta sanya ta a matsayin 'yar ƙasar shekara a 1991.  A 1995, Shugaba Clinton ta ba da lambar yabo ga jama'a a lokacin bikin tunawa da mata na soja ; An gina ta ne a bakin ƙofar Makabartar Ƙasa ta Arlington da ke Arlington County, Virginia, kuma a shekarar 1996, Gidan Tarihi na Wasiku na Ƙasa ya karrama ta.  A shekarar 1997, an saka Adams a cikin Kalandar Tarihin Afirka ta Kudu da Amurka ta Bell . 

Ta kuma sami digirin girmamawa daga Jami'ar Wilberforce da Jami'ar Dayton a shekarar 1991. Makarantun Gwamnati na Dayton sun sanya wa ɗaya daga cikin makarantun firamare na 'yan mata suna don girmama ta ("Kwalejin 'Yan Mata ta Charity Adams Earley"). A ranar 22 ga Maris, 2022, Shugaba Biden ya sanya hannu kan dokar da ta ba wa Charity Adams da kuma 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion lambar zinare ta Congressional, lambar girmamawa mafi girma ta farar hula a ƙasar.

A ranar 8 ga Agusta, 2022, Hukumar Kula da Sunaye ta Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Amurka ta ba da shawarwari kan sauya sunayen sojojin Amurka a wuraren da aka sanya wa suna bayan sojojin Confederate . Daga cikinsu akwai sake fasalin Fort Lee, Virginia, zuwa Fort Gregg-Adams, bayan Laftanar Janar Arthur J. Gregg da Laftanar Kanar Charity Adams Earley.  A ranar 6 ga Oktoba, 2022, Sakataren Tsaro Lloyd Austin ya amince da shawarar kuma ya ba da umarnin cewa a canza sunan ba zai wuce 1 ga Janairu, 2024 ba.  An fara sauya sunan a hukumance a ranar 27 ga Afrilu, 2023.  Sansanin ya zama sansani na farko na sojojin Amurka da aka sanya wa suna ga 'yan Afirka.  A shekarar 2025, an sake wa Fort Gregg-Adams suna Fort Lee. Shugaba Donald Trump, wanda ya yi alƙawarin yaƙin neman zaɓe na dawo da sunayen sansanonin Confederate,  ya sanar da cewa Sojoji za su mayar da sunan zuwa "Fort Robert E. Lee" a lokacin wani jawabi na watan Yuni.  An sake wa sansanin suna a hukumance don girmama Buffalo Soldier Private Fitz Lee, wani tsohon soja na Yaƙin Sipaniya da Amurka wanda, a ƙarƙashin harin abokan gaba, ya ceci sojojin da suka ji rauni a Cuba, wanda hakan ya ba shi lambar yabo ta girmamawa . 

A watan Oktoba na 2023, NAACP reshen Dayton ta karrama Laftanar Kanar Charity Adams Earley ta hanyar aiwatar da kyautar Laftanar Kanar Charity Adams Earley a lokacin bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Dayton NAACP Hall of Freedom Awards na 72. 'Yarta, Judi Earley, ta gabatar da kyautar farko ga Mai Girma Alkali Adele Riley.  

A ranar 12 ga Yuni, 2024, Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tsoffin Sojoji ta Dayton ta karrama ta ta hanyar sake sanya wa asibitin mata suna zuwa "Laftanar Kanar Charity Adams-Earley Women's Clinic." 

A cikin fim ɗin 2024 mai suna *The Six Triple Eight*, Kerry Washington ta ɗauki nauyin Adams.

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