Ismail Ahmed Cachalia

Ismail Ahmed Cachalia (1908-2003), wanda aka fi sani da Moulvi, ɗan gwagwarmayar siyasa ne na Afirka ta Kudu kuma shugaban Transvaal Indian Congress da African National Congress . Ya kasance daya daga cikin shugabannin Kamfen na Indiya na Passive Resistance na 1946 da Kamfen na Defiance a 1952. Gwamnatin Indiya ta ba da lambar yabo ta huɗu mafi girma ta farar hula ta Indiya ta Padma Shri a shekarar 1977.

## Tarihin rayuwa

An haifi Ismail Ahmed Cachalia a lardin Transvaal na Afirka ta Kudu a ranar 5 ga Disamba 1908 ga Khatija (Naani) da Sheth Ahmad Mohammad Cachalia,  mai fafutukar adawa da wariyar launin fata kuma ɗan kasuwa na asalin Indiya wanda ke cikin kurkuku a lokacin haihuwar Ismail.  Babban Cachalia shi ne shugaban kungiyar Transvaal British Indian Association wanda aka tilasta masa shiga fatarar kuɗi saboda alakarsa da kungiyar kuma saurayi Ismail ya girma a cikin gwagwarmayar adawa da wariyar launin fata. Ya kammala karatunsa na firamare har zuwa aji na 5 a makarantar Indiya ta Bree Street, Johannesburg kuma ya koma Uttar Pradesh a Indiya, kuma ya yi karatun Nassosi da Larabci a kwalejin tauhidin Musulmi a Deoband don ya zama Aalim (firist). An ruwaito cewa ya shiga cikin ƙungiyar da ba ta da hadin kai a Indiya a wannan lokacin amma ya koma Afirka ta Kudu a 1931 don shiga cikin ɗan'uwansa, Yusuf Cachalia, a kasuwancin iyali. A cikin shekarun 1930, shi da ɗan'uwansa sun haɗu da Yusuf Dadoo da Monty Naicker, a cikin ayyukansu na adawa da wariyar launin fata da ke tattara matasa don aikin yaƙi  amma daga baya sun canza zuwa hanyoyin da ba na tashin hankali ba kuma sun zama ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin Indian Passive Resistance Movement wanda ya haifar da kama fiye da 2000 Indiyawa a 1946. Koyaya motsi ya taimaka wajen haɗa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka da ƙungiyar adawa ta Indiya tare  wanda yarjejeniyar Dadoo-Naicker-Xuma ta 1947 ta tsara. 

A cikin shekaru shida masu zuwa, Cachalia ta yi aiki tare da wasu shugabannin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka, ciki har da Nelson Mandela da Albert Lutuli, a cikin gwagwarmayar da ba ta da tashin hankali game da zaluncin mulkin wariyar launin fata kuma ta jagoranci Kamfen ɗin Defiance na 1952 a matsayin Mataimakin Babban Mai ba da agaji;  Nelson Mandela shine Babban Mai ba kai. An kama shi kuma an yanke masa hukuncin dakatar da watanni 18 a kurkuku, dangane da nisanta shi daga ayyukan siyasa. A shekara ta 1955, ya halarci Taron Afirka da Asiya a Bandung  a matsayin wakilin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka da Majalisar Indiya ta Afirka ta Kudu, tare da Musa Kotane.  A kan hanyar zuwa taron, Cachalia ta sami damar saduwa da V. K. Krishna Menon a London da Jawaharlal Nehru a Delhi. An tsare shi a Alkahira na ɗan gajeren lokaci a lokacin da ya dawo Afirka ta Kudu, amma ya ci gaba da ayyukansa kuma, bayan Kisan kiyashi na Sharpeville na 1960 wanda ya haifar da mutuwar mutane 69, ya tsere, don tserewa daga ɗaurin kurkuku, zuwa Indiya ta hanyar Botswana. A Indiya, ya kafa Ofishin Jakadancin ANC a Delhi,   tare da Alfred Nzo wanda daga baya zai zama ministan harkokin waje na farko na bayan wariyar launin fata Afirka ta Kudu.  Cachalia ya zama mataimakin babban wakilin Ofishin Jakadancin.

A shekara ta 1972, Cachalia ya yi ritaya daga siyasa saboda rashin lafiya kuma ya koma gidansa zuwa Kala Kacha, Navsari a jihar Gujarat ta Indiya inda kakanninsa suka fito, amma ya raba lokacinsa tsakanin kasashen biyu. Bayan rushewar mulkin wariyar launin fata, ANC ta nemi ya shiga cikin yakin neman zabe na farko tare da zaɓen duniya a 1994 wanda bai iya ba. Ya kasance a wurin aikin keɓewar tunawa da Thillaiaadi Valliammai da Swami Nagappen Padayachee  ga al'ummar a makabartar Braamfontein a ranar 15 ga Yuli 1994 tare da Walter Sisulu kuma a lokacin ziyarar Jyoti Basu zuwa Johannesburg a shekara ta 1997.  Ya mutu a ranar 8 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2003 yana da shekaru 94. Cachalia ta yi aure sau uku. Matarsa ta farko ta mutu, da kuma ɗansa na farko jim kadan bayan ta. Maryam Bhana ita ce matarsa ta biyu tare da ita yana da ɗa ɗaya, Yahya, da 'ya'ya mata huɗu, Hafsa, Saeedah, Rashida da Khaleeda . Bayan Maryam ta mutu ya auri Rabia a Indiya. Khaleeda ya riga shi a mutuwa da shekara guda. An binne gawarwakinsa a Bethal, wani gari da aka sani da noman dankali a Mpumalanga, Afirka ta Kudu.

Cachalia ta sami Kyautar Majalisar Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya a shekarar 1955. Gwamnatin Indiya ta ba shi lambar yabo ta farar hula ta Padma Shri a shekarar 1977.  Tarihin rayuwar Nelson Mandela, Conversations With Myself, yana ɗauke da ɗan gajeren tarihin Ismail Cachalia . 

## Dubi kuma

* Yunkurin Deobandi a Afirka ta Kudu
* Jerin Deobandis

## Bayanan da aka ambata