Oakes Ames (masanin shuke-shuke)

Oakes Ames ( /eɪm z / ; an haife shi a watan Satumba 26, 1874 - Afrilu 28, 1950) masanin ilmin halittu ne ɗan Amurka wanda ya ƙware a fannin noman orchids .  Gidansa yanzu shine Borderland State Park da ke Massachusetts . Shi ɗan Gwamnan Massachusetts Oliver Ames ne kuma jikan ɗan Majalisa Oakes Ames .

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Ames a cikin iyali mai arziki daga North Easton, Massachusetts, ƙaramin ɗan Anna Coffin Ray da Gwamna Oliver Ames . Yana da shekaru goma sha biyar, ya tattara furannin orchids na farko a Easton. Ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Harvard, inda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin ilmin halittu a shekarar 1898, sannan kuma digiri na farko a fannin ilmin tsirrai a shekarar 1899 a fannin tsirrai. Ya auri Blanche Ames (ba shi da wata alaƙa) a shekarar 1900, wanda hakan ya sa aka yi mata aure da suna Blanche Ames Ames . Ames 'yar Amurka ce mai fasaha, mai fafutukar siyasa, mai ƙirƙira, marubuciya, kuma fitacciyar mai goyon bayan mata a harkokin zaɓe da hana haihuwa .

Ames ya yi aikinsa na ƙwararru a Harvard. A matsayinsa na mai gudanarwa, ya kasance mataimakin darakta (1899–1909) kuma Daraktan Lambun Tsirrai (1909–1922); Mai Kulawa (1923–1927), Mai Kulawa (1927–1937), Darakta (1937–1945), kuma mataimakin darakta na Gidan Tarihin Tsirrai (1945–1950); Shugaban Sashen Ilimin Halittu (1926–1935) kuma Shugaban Majalisar Tarin Tsirrai da Mai Kula da Dakin Gwaji na Halittu, Lambun Atkins da ke Cuba, da kuma Arnold Arboretum (1927–1935). A matsayinsa na malami, ya kasance malami a fannin ilimin tsirrai (1900–1910), mataimakin farfesa a fannin tsirrai (1915–1926), farfesa a fannin tsirrai (1926–1932) da kuma farfesa a fannin tsirrai na Arnold (1932–1935). Daga 1935 zuwa 1941, ya kasance farfesa mai bincike a fannin ilimin tsirrai. An zaɓe shi a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a 1911. 

Ba a san dangin Orchidaceae sosai ba kafin nazarin da rarraba su da Ames. Ya yi balaguro zuwa Florida, Caribbean, Philippines, da Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka, tare da matarsa Blanche Ames, yana ƙirƙirar zane-zanen tsire-tsire da suka tsara bisa ga kimiyya. An buga aikin Ames a cikin littafin *Orchidaceae mai juzu'i bakwai: Zane-zane da Nazarin Iyali na Orchidaceae* . Sun kuma ƙirƙiro Jadawalin Ames, suna kwatanta alaƙar phylogenetic na manyan tsire-tsire masu amfani, waɗanda har yanzu ana amfani da su.

Babban abin da Ames ya fi shahara shi ne gina wani babban wurin kiwon orchid herbarium, tare da ɗakin karatu, hotuna, da zane-zane, wanda ya bai wa Harvard a shekarar 1938. A yau, Orchid Herbarium of Oakes Ames ya ƙunshi kimanin samfura 131,000, da kuma furanni 3,000 a cikin glycerine, samfuran da aka yi wa pickles 4,000, da ɗaruruwan zane-zane. Laburaren sa ya ƙunshi littattafai kusan 5,000, sake bugawa, da mujallu. Marubutan zane-zane da hotuna sun haɗa da Blanche Ames, Oakes Ames, Dorothy O. Allen, Ruth Barton, Gordon Winston Dillon, Leslie Andrew Garay, JG Hall, , Dorothy H. Marsh, Henry Moon, Magdalena Peña de Sousa, Eleanor B. Phillips, Charles Schweinfurth, Elmer W. Smith, Charles Storer, da kuma masu fasaha da ba a san su ba.  Daga ƙarshe za a haɗa wannan orchid Herbarium cikin babban Jami'ar Harvard Herbaria yayin da Ames ya maye gurbin Farfesa George Lincoln Goodale a matsayin darektan Gidan Tarihin Botanical na Harvard (yanzu Gidan Tarihin Halitta na Harvard ) a 1923.  

### Furannin Gilashi
A matsayinsa na darakta na biyu a gidan kayan tarihi, ya kula da matakan ƙarshe na ƙirƙirar sanannen tarin furannin Glass, inda ya yi musayar wasiƙa da mai tallafawa kamfanin, Miss Mary Lee Ware a lokacin tafiyarta ta biyu zuwa Dresden, Jamus a 1908, inda ta ziyarci Rudolf Blaschka, ɗaya daga cikin masu yin furannin.   An buga wannan wasiƙar ga Farfesa Ames a ranar 9 ga Janairu, 1961, ta Jami'ar Harvard Herbaria - Botanical Museum Leaflets, Jami'ar Harvard Vol. 19, No. 6 - a ƙarƙashin taken "Ta Yaya Aka Yi Furannin Glass?" kuma ya yi cikakken bayani game da wasu abubuwan da Miss Ware ta lura game da Rudolf.  Duk da haka, Farfesa Ames bai yi sha'awar aikin kamar Goodale ba, kuma ya fara aikinsa a matsayin magajin Goodale da wasiƙar damuwa ga Mary Ware:

Ba a san ainihin dalilin da ya sa aka dame shi ba, amma Ames ya sami mafita a cikin abin da ya kira "Tsarin Tsirrai na Tattalin Arziki", yana roƙon Rudolf Blaschka ya yi gilashin Olea europaea (Zaitun) da Vitis vinifera (Girbin Inabi na Common Vine), buƙatar da Rudolf ya amsa cikin sauƙi kuma ya zama jerin 'ya'yan itacen gilashi a cikin yanayin ruɓewa da cin abinci.  Duk da haka, Farfesa Ames ya ci gaba da musayar wasiƙu da Miss Ware suna tattauna aikin, wato inganci da saurin samarwa yayin da Rudolf ke tsufa, tattaunawa wanda a ɓangaren Ames ya bambanta daga sha'awar da aka sarrafa zuwa ci gaba da damuwa game da aikin da kuma ci gaba da iyawar Rudolf na samar da shi ta hanyar da ta dace. Duk da haka, a cikin 1924 ya rubuta wa Miss Ware don lura da babban nasarar Furannin Gilashin gabaɗaya: *"Ya kamata ku yi farin ciki da fahimtar cewa babbar kyautar ku tana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan jan hankali na ƙasar. Amma tabbas Tom Barbour ya ɗan yi ƙyama lokacin da baƙi zuwa Gidan Tarihi [[Louis Agassiz|na Agassiz]] suka tambaye shi ko an yi raƙumin da gilashi."* 

## Duba kuma

* Iyalan Ames 

## Manazarta

; Ambato