Al-Zubayr Rahma Mansur

**Al-Zubayr Rahma Mansur Pasha** (; c. 1830 - watan Janairu shekarar 1913), wanda aka fi sani da **Sebehr Rahma** ko **Rahama Zobeir**,  ya kasance ɗan kasuwar bayi da kuma shugaban yaƙi na Sudan a ƙarshen karni na 19. Daga baya Isma'il Pasha, na Khedivate na Masar ya amince da shi ta hanyar ba shi taken Gwamna a kan Bahr el Ghazal (a yau yammacin Sudan ta Kudu).

Sunansa a matsayin babban abokin gaba na Janar Charles Gordon ya kai shi ga samun matsayi na kusa da almara a Ƙasar Ingila, inda aka kira shi "mafi arziki da mafi muni", "Slaver King" "wanda  ɗaure zakuna a matsayin wani ɓangare na masu kula da shi".  [had]

## Tarihi
An haife shi a shekarar 1830 a matsayin Al-Zubayr Rahma Mansur, ya fito ne daga sashin Gemaab na Ja'alin, kabilar Larabawa a arewacin Sudan.

Ya fara kasuwancinsa mai girma a shekara ta 1856, lokacin da ya bar Khartoum tare da ƙaramin sojoji, don kafa cibiyar sadarwa ta sansanonin kasuwanci da aka sani da *Zairebas*, yana mai da hankali ga ƙoƙarinsa kan kasuwancin bayi da sayar da hauren giwa. A lokacin da yake da tsawo, daular kasuwancinsa, tare da goyon bayan sojoji, ta mallaki yawancin Bahr el Ghazal da kuma abin da ke cikin Chadi da Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya a yau.

A shekara ta 1871, a lokacin da yake da iko, Georg Schweinfurth ya ziyarci Rahma a hedikwatar sa a Deim Zubeir, wanda ya bayyana kotun mai sayar da bayi a matsayin "karamin kasa da sarauta". Isma'il Pasha na Masar yana so ya mallaki yankin, amma Rahma ya kayar da sojojin da aka aiko masa. Maimakon haka a 1873 Isma'il ya kara yankin ga daularsa ta hanyar amincewa da ikon Rahma da kuma ba shi taken Gwamna a kan Bahr el Ghazal . 

Daga bisani Rahma ya mallaki *Zairebas* 30, kuma ya sami lakabin bey da Pasha, bayan ya haɗa kai da kansa, da mataimakinsa Rabih az-Zubayr, tare da Khedive Ismail Pasha a takaice a lokacin mamaye Darfur, inda ya jagoranci sojojin kudanci. An kira shi "Black Pasha", kuma a ƙarshe yana so ya zama Gwamna Janar.

## Hamayya da Gordon
A shekara ta 1877, Janar Gordon ya zo a matsayin sabon Gwamnan Sudan, kuma ya nemi ya dakatar da cinikin bayi. Rahma ya kawo korafinsa zuwa Alkahira, yana neman Gwamnan sabuwar Darfur da aka ci nasara, amma an ƙi shi. Hukumomin Masar sun kuma hana shi komawa Sudan, amma sun ba shi izinin tafiya zuwa Constantinople a lokacin barkewar Yaƙin Rasha da Turkiyya.

A wannan shekarar, Gordon ya rubuta a gida "Dole ne in yi gwagwarmaya da abubuwan da ke cikin sha'awa, tare da fanaticism, tare da kawar da ... tare da babban lardin mai zaman kansa kwanan nan a ƙarƙashin Sebehr, Black Pasha, a Bahr Gazelle".

Dan Rahma mai shekaru 22  Suleiman ya kuma yi yaƙi da Janar Gordon daga wani sansani, wanda ake kira The Cave of Adullam, wanda ke waje da Shaka.  Gordon ya yi la'akari da miƙa wa Suleiman matsayin Gwamna na Dara a cikin ƙoƙari na mamaye shi da shirye-shiryen zaman lafiya. Maimakon haka, ya zaɓi El Nour, ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin Suleiman, ya ba da rahoto game da aiki a cikin rukuni kuma daga bisani a miƙa shi Gwamna da kansa. Ta hanyar wannan, ya koyi cewa Suleiman har yanzu yana karɓar wasiƙu daga Rahma, wanda wasiƙunsa koyaushe sun haɗa da kalmar "Ka kula da Abdoul Razoul".

## An tsare shi a Misira, ɗansa ya ɗauki umurni
Kafin tafiyarsa ta 1878 zuwa Alkahira, inda ya yi niyyar cin hanci da rashawa ga wasu pashas tare da kusan £ 100,000 don amincewa da ikon mallakarsa,  Rahma ya tara shugabannin sa a ƙarƙashin itace tsakanin Shaka da Obeid inda suka amince cewa idan shirin ya gaza, za su je "zuwa makamai! zuwa hanya!". Sojojin Masar sun tsare shi saboda yunkurin da ya yi na cin hanci kuma ya ki izinin komawa Sudan. Ya aika da Janar Gordon, yana ba da £ 25,000 a kowace shekara ga Khedive, da kuma dawo da tsari a cikin Sudan, idan kawai za a ba shi damar dawowa. Gordon ya ki tayin, kuma Rahma ya aika da sako ga shugabannin sa cewa ya kamata su "yi biyayya da umarnin da aka ba su a ƙarƙashin itacen", wanda ya haifar da Gordon ya sadu da kusan rikici a lokacin da ya dawo Khartoum.

Da yake niyyar yin hulɗa da Suleiman yayin da mahaifinsa ke cikin kurkuku, Janar Gordon ya shirya sau da yawa don saduwa cikin salama tare da saurayin yanzu yana jagorantar sojojin mahaifinsa. Da yake magana game da shi a matsayin "kwana", Gordon ya ɗauki kusan hanyar uba a gare shi,  kuma ya bayyana a sansaninsa cewa yana sane da abin da bautar ke tayar da shi, kuma yanzu yana ba da ultimatum - ko dai Suleiman ya sanar da mika wuya ga *kogon Adullam* ko kuma zai kai farmaki da karfi mai yawa. Da yake rashin lafiya, kuma yana rokon lokacin yin tunani game da batun, Suleiman ya koma kogon inda sojojinsa suka yi jita-jita cewa Gordon ya ba da kofi mai guba ga ƙungiyar.

Ba da daɗewa ba, Suleiman ya aika wa Gordon tabbacin mika wuya kuma ya fara tafiya zuwa arewa zuwa wasu tashoshin. Yayinda yake a garin Shaka, ya aika da wasika yana magana game da kansa a matsayin "ɗan" Gordon kuma yana neman matsayi a cikin gwamnati. Gordon ya amsa cewa ya fi so ya mutu, maimakon ya ba da wani lakabi ga shugaban 'yan tawaye sai dai idan ya yi tafiya zuwa Alkahira kuma ya rantse da biyayya ga Khedive.

Gordon ya rubuta bayan 'yan kwanaki, "Suleiman ba ya fatan cin nasara... yana iya ƙoƙarin zuwa wasu tashoshin cikin ƙasa, amma ban tsammanin zai daɗe ba; kwamandan da ke janyewa ba shi da kyau, kuma nan da nan zai ƙi mutanensa*."*

Da fushi, Suleiman ya tara mutane 6,000 daga cikin manyan hare-hare, waɗanda sojojin Yussuf Pasha da Romolo Gessi suka kori su da sauri a umurnin Gordon. Gessi, tare da Taha Mahomet, a baya an yaba da shi da korar *Dem Sebehr*, sanannen sansanin dangin bautar.

A farkon watan Satumba, yayin da yake tafiya ta hanyar Shaka, Gordon ya yi mamakin ba da gayyatar yin kwana biyu a gidan Suleiman. Ya yarda, amma ya sake yin kwanaki masu zuwa yana ƙin rokon Suleiman na taken gwamnati, amma ya ta'azantar da saurayin shugaban ta hanyar ba shi bindiga kuma ya koya masa amfani da shi yadda ya kamata. A ƙarshe, an kama Suleiman kuma an kashe shi a ƙarƙashin umurnin Romolo Gessi (a kan umarnin Gordon). 

## A cikin al'adun gargajiya

Fim din Khartoum na 1966 tauraruwar Zia Mohyeddin a matsayin Zubayr, inda yake taka leda a gaban Janar Gordon na Charlton Heston's . Zuwa farkon fim din, an nuna Zubayr a matsayin mai nuna alamar lalacewa. Ya ki yin hadin kai tare da Janar a sake mamaye Sudan, kuma ya annabta mutuwarsa a hannun sojojin Mahdi.

## Manazarta