Georgy Adamovich

**Georgy Adamovich** An haifi Georgy Adamovich a cikin dangin babban jami'in soja Viktor Adamovich, dan kabilar Pole, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban asibitin soja na Moscow tare da matsayi na Major General .  Georgy ya shafe shekaru tara na farko na rayuwarsa a Moscow. "Mu dangin soja ne; 'yan'uwana biyu jami'an soji ne. Mahaifina ya ce game da ni, idan za a yarda da tarihin iyali: "Wannan yaron ba shi da wani abu kamar jami'insa - bari ya zama farar hula. Kuma haka ya kasance," in ji Adamovich daga baya.  Bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa dangin sun koma Saint Petersburg inda Georgy ya shiga Gymnasium na farko.  A 1910 ya zama dalibi a Jami'ar Jihar Saint Petersburg . Ya fara rubuta waƙa a can kuma a cikin 1915 ya zama memba na da'irar Acmeist. 

## Sana'a
Adamovich na farko ɗan gajeren labari "Merry Horses" (Весёлые кони) an buga shi a cikin 1915 a cikin mujallar *Voice of Life*, edita ta Dmitry Filosofov da Zinaida Gippius .  By 1917 ya kasance memba (daga baya daya daga cikin shugabannin biyu, tare da Georgy Ivanov ) na Saint Petersburg Poet's Workshop . Adamovich's farko tarin shayari *Clouds* (Облака) ya yaba wa Nikolai Gumilyov don "aji da dandano mai kyau."  Littafinsa na biyu na waƙa, *Purgatory* (Чистилище, 1922) ya fara da girmamawa ga Gumilyov wanda matashin mawaƙin yanzu ya ɗauka a matsayin jagoransa.  Gumilyov 'yar'uwar Acmeist Anna Akhmatova akai-akai ziyarci 'yar'uwar Adamovich Tanya a gidansu. Adamovich sau da yawa ya gana da Akhmatova a gidan rawa na Saint Petersburg "The Stray Dog" (Бродячая Собака), wurin da masu fasaha da marubuta za su taru don tattauna fasaha da wallafe-wallafe, zamantakewa, ko sauraron karatun sababbin wakoki na Akhmatova da sauran mawaƙa ciki har da Konstantin. Balmont, Sergei Yesenin, da Igor Severyanin . Adamovich ya sauke karatu daga Faculty of History and Philology a Jami'ar Jihar Saint Petersburg a 1917. 

Bayan juyin juya halin 1917 Adamovich ya yi aiki ga gidan wallafe-wallafen *wallafe-wallafen duniya* (wanda Maxim Gorky ya kafa a 1919), yana fassara ayyukan Charles Baudelaire, Voltaire, José-Maria de Heredia, Lord Byron da Thomas Moore . A cikin 1921-22 ya halarci tarurrukan adabi da tarurrukan wakoki da aka gudanar a *The House of Art* (Дом искусств), tsohon gidan wani hamshakin attajiri Saint Petersburg.  A 1923 ya tafi Berlin, sa'an nan ya zauna a Faransa don 'shiga anti-Soviet Circles' (kamar yadda Soviet adabi Encyclopaedia ya lura a 1934).  A nan ba da daɗewa ba ya yi suna a matsayin mai sukar wallafe-wallafen da mawallafi, yana aiki da mujallar *Zveno* (The Link) da *Poslednye Novosty* (Labaran Bugawa).  A cikin thirties Adamovich aka ko'ina a matsayin 'manyan Rasha adabi a kasashen waje', aiki ga irin mujallu kamar *Tchiisla* (Lambobi) da *Vstrechi* (Taro), wanda shi ne editan na wani lokaci. Ya kusan daina rubuta waƙar amma duk da haka an lasafta shi a matsayin babban karfi a bayan *bayanin kula na Paris* (Парижская Нота), makarantar wakoki na Rasha a gudun hijira da ke riƙe da manyan ka'idodinta "cikakkiyar ikhlasi a cikin nuna baƙin cikin ran ɗan adam" da "nunawa". gaskiya tsirara". Georgy Fedotov ya kira Adamovich, tare da 'neman gaskiya' dabi'unsa, 'mai yawo na ascetic'.  A 1939 Adamovich littafin shayari *a yamma* (На Западе) aka buga. Daga baya mawãƙi da wallafe-wallafen Yuri Ivask ya yi amfani da take, wanda a cikin 1953 ya tattara da kuma shirya wani anthology na Rasha hijira shayari (wanda Adamovich aka da wakilta).  

## Daga baya rayuwa
Kaka na 1939 ya ga Adamovich yana yakar Nazi a matsayin mai sa kai a cikin sojojin Faransa. An shiga tsakani ne bayan da sojoji suka sha kashi.  A cikin marigayi 1940s Adamovich ya shiga cikin gajeren lokaci na 'sihiri' tare da Tarayyar Soviet da Joseph Stalin musamman; ya yi tunanin cewa babban nasara a yakin duniya na biyu zai iya haifar da wani nau'i na sake fasalin siyasa ko tsarin gyarawa a cikin USSR. Adamovich ya ba da gudummawa ga takardu da yawa na pro-Soviet yamma kuma ya buga littafi mai suna *The Other Motherland* (Другая родина, 1947). An rubuta shi da Faransanci, wasu 'yan gudun hijira na Rasha suna kallonsa a matsayin "aikin da aka yi a gaban Stalinism ."  A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ko da yake, Adamovich ya ƙara jin kunya. Waɗannan abubuwan sun bayyana har zuwa wani lokaci a cikin tarin kasidunsa na 1955 mai suna *Loneliness and Freedom* (Одиночество и свобода). 

Adamovich ya ci gaba da fassara wallafe-wallafen Faransanci zuwa Rashanci ciki har da ayyukan Jean Cocteau, Saint-John Perse da Albert Camus ( *The Stranger* ). Ya yi karatu a kan adabin Rasha a Jami'ar Manchester daga 1950 zuwa 1960, kuma na semester ɗaya (1960-61) a Jami'ar Oxford . A cikin 1971 ya yi tafiya zuwa Amurka, yana karantarwa a Jami'ar Harvard, Jami'ar Yale, da Jami'ar New York . A cikin 1967 an buga littafinsa na ƙarshe na waƙar *Unity* (Единство). Ya yi daidai da sakin *Comments* (Комментарии), ɗimbin tarin kasidu masu mahimmanci. Georgy Adamovich ya mutu a ranar 21 ga Fabrairu, 1972, a Nice, Faransa. 

## Sana'a a matsayin mai suka
Adamovich ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan masu sukar ƙaura. Babban matsayinsa mai mahimmanci ya ta'allaka ne akan sauƙi. Ya ƙi waƙar gwaji kuma ya ba da shawarar batutuwan eschatological kamar gaskiya, kaɗaici, wahala, da mutuwa. Ya sha'awar ayyukan Alexander Pushkin, Mikhail Lermontov, Alexander Blok, da Leo Tolstoy (ko da yake ba ya son wa'azin halin kirki na Tolstoy). Ya ƙi Afanasy Fet da Anton Chekhov (musamman wasan kwaikwayonsa), wanda hotunansa na rashin jin daɗi da rashin tausayi na rayuwar yau da kullum ya ɓoye, a ra'ayin Adamovich, tambayoyin mahimmanci na har abada. 

Adamovich ya ga Fyodor Dostoyevsky a matsayin marubucin metaphysical mai haɗari, kuma ya ƙi yarda da "ƙara" Marina Tsvetaeva da gwajin ta a cikin rhythm, meter, da rhyme. Ya soki wakokin Boris Pasternak daga *likitan Zhivago* sosai . Ra'ayinsa na shakku game da waƙa da rubuce-rubuce sun yi kama da na ɗan uwansa Mark Aldanov . Adamovich ya kasance mai godiya sosai ga halayen kiɗa na Blok waqoqin da na Georgy Ivanov. Ya bayyana wadannan ra’ayoyin ne a ganawar da ya yi da kananan mawaka, da kuma a cikin kasidun da ya rubuta. 

## Fassarar Turanci

* *Wakoki* da "Rashin yuwuwar Waƙa" (maƙala), daga *Farfaɗowar Al'adun Rasha*, Jami'ar Tennessee Press, 1981. ISBN&nbsp;

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
* The Poems by Georgy Adamovich (Rashanci)
* Waƙoƙin Georgy Adamovich (Turanci)