Dangantakar Iran da Iraki

Dangantakar kasar Iran da Irak (Persian) dangantakar diflomasiyya ce da kasashen waje tsakanin jihohin Iran da Iraki.

Jihohin biyu suna da tarihin da ya kai dubban shekaru a baya. Iran da Iraki suna da iyaka mai tsawo (mafi tsawo ga ƙasashe biyu) da kuma al'adun gargajiya da addinai. A zamanin d ̄ a Iraki ta kasance wani ɓangare na asalin Farisa (Iran na zamani) kusan shekaru dubu.

Dangantakar zamani tsakanin kasashe biyu ta zama mummunar lalacewa bayan juyin juya halin 14 ga Yuli a Iraki a 1958, da kuma juyin mulkin Hashemite wanda ya haifar da kasar ta janye daga Yarjejeniyar Baghdad. Jam'iyyar Ba'ath ya sami iko a Iraki a cikin shekarun 1960, ta dauki matsayi mai tsanani a kan rikice-rikicen kan iyaka. Bayan Juyin Juya Halin Iran a 1979, Saddam Hussein ya kaddamar da mamaye Iran kan rikice-rikicen kan iyaka da kuma sha'awar samun iko da yankunan da ke da man fetur a yankin Iran. Rikicin ya dauki shekaru takwas kuma ya ƙare a cikin rikici. Iran daga baya ta yi tsayayya da Haɗin gwiwar da Amurka ke jagoranta a kan Iraki a shekarar 1991.

Rashin Saddam Hussein a shekara ta 2003 da kuma hauhawar iko ta bangarorin Shia masu goyon bayan Iran (watau Jam'iyyar Dawa ta Musulunci da Majalisar Dattijai ta Musulunci ta Iraki) ya haifar da daidaita dangantakar tsakanin kasashen biyu. Tun daga shekara ta 2003, Iraki ta ba da izinin Musulmai Shia daga Iran su yi aikin hajji zuwa wuraren Shia masu tsarki a Iraki. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2008, shugaban kasar Iran Mahmoud Ahmadinejad ya zama shugaban kasar Iran na farko da ya ziyarci Iraki tun bayan Juyin Juya Halin Musulunci na Iran na shekara ta 1979. Tsohon Firayim Ministan Iraqi Nouri al-Maliki ya kai ziyara da yawa zuwa Iran tun daga shekara ta 2006 kuma ya nuna tausayi ga Iran game da shirin makamashin nukiliya. Iran tun daga lokacin ta zama babbar abokin ciniki ta Iraki. Iran da Iraki abokai ne na kusa da juna da ke tallafa wa juna a kan Daular Islama. Dangantaka tsakanin kasashen biyu tana da karfi a wani bangare saboda gwamnatocin biyu Musulmai ne Shi'a mamaye su. Ƙarin tasirin Tehran a cikin siyasar Iraki ya haifar da fararen hula da ke nuna rashin amincewa da shigar kasashen waje da kasancewar 'yan bindiga da ke goyon bayan Iran da ke tayar da 'yan ƙasa.

Iran tana da ofishin jakadancin a Bagadaza da Ofisoshin jakadanci guda hudu a Basra, Sulaymaniyah, Erbil da Karbala. Iraki tana da ofishin jakadanci a Tehran da ofisoshin jakadanci uku a Kermanshah, Ahvaz da Mashhad. A ranar 7 ga Satumba 2018, 'yan ƙasar Iraki sun ƙone ofishin jakadancin Iran a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin zanga-zangar da ƙonewa da ikon kasashen waje da aka gani sun zama masu tasiri sosai a siyasar cikin gida. A ranar 27 ga Nuwamba 2019, masu zanga-zangar Iraqi sun ƙone ofishin jakadancin Iran a Najaf.

## Tarihi

### Tsohon zamani
 
Sargon na Akkad (r. 2334-2279 BC) sarki ne na Akkadian wanda ya ci Sumer kuma shine dalilin motsa iko daga Kudancin Mesopotamiya (kudancin Iraki) zuwa tsakiyar Mesopotamiya (tsakiyar Iraki). An san babban daular Sargon daga Elam zuwa Bahar Rum, gami da Mesopotamiya, sassan Iran da Siriya na zamani, kuma mai yiwuwa sassan Anatolia da Yankin Larabawa.
 
Daular ta Uku ta Ur (2119-2004 BC), ko kuma 'Neo-Sumerian Empire' daular mulkin Sumerian ce da ke zaune a birnin Ur (kudancin Iraki). Daular Ur ta uku ta zo da iko a Mesopotamiya bayan ƙarni da yawa na mulkin Akkadian da Gutian. Ya mallaki biranen Isin, Larsa da Eshnunna, kuma ya kai daga bakin tekun Bahar Rum (arewacin Siriya) zuwa Tekun Farisa da Yammacin Iran. Wani muhimmin fasalin daular shine kafa dokar farko da aka sani bayan *Dokar Urukagina* - *Dokar Ur-Nammu* .  &#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

A lokacin mulkin Sarki Shulgi, canje-canje masu yawa sun faru. Ya dauki matakai don daidaitawa da daidaita hanyoyin daular. An yaba masa da daidaita hanyoyin gudanarwa, takardun ajiya, tsarin haraji, da Kalandar ƙasa.  <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

Daular Sumerian ta ƙarshe ta ƙare bayan mamayewar Elamite a 2004 BC. Daga wannan lokacin, tare da karuwar kasancewar Akkadian a yankin, Harshen Sumerian ya ragu, bayan fiye da Shekaru dubu uku na al'adun al'adu, yayin da yawan jama'a suka karɓa Akkadian. Sarakunan Babila na gaba sun ɗauki taken 'Sarkin Sumer da Akkad', duk da haka, don wasu ƙarni goma sha huɗu masu zuwa. Cyrus na Farisa zai kuma yi ikirarin taken a karni na 6 BC.  &#x5B;**&#x5D;

## manazarta