Ruwaitowa

Tafofin ruwa, kuma suna kiran ƙofofin tasha, sune ƙofofin tasha waɗanda aka yi amfani da su don sarrafa ruwa kwarara a shinge na ambaliyar, rerevoir, kogi Ana iya tsara su don saita Spillway Heights a cikin tsine, don daidaita ragi mai gudana gabaɗaya a kowane ɓangare na levee ko guguwa. Tun da yawancin waɗannan na'urori suna aiki ta hanyar sarrafa haɓakar ruwa wanda aka adana ko kuma aka sanya su, ana kuma san su da ƙofofin. Game da tsarin ambaliyar tsarin, ambaliyar ruwa wani lokaci ana amfani dashi don rage matakan ruwa a cikin wani kogin da aka tsare lokacin da babban kogin ko canal yake gabatowa matakin ambaliyar.

## Iri
Gatura mai girma a tsaye ne a tsaye tare da motsi, ko sake motsi, sassan. Za'a iya ɗaukan sassan motsi don ba da damar ruwa don wucewa ƙasa (kamar yadda a ƙofar sluice) da kuma saman ƙofar. Tarihi, waɗannan ƙofofin sunyi amfani da katako masu tsinkaye da aka sani da masu dakatarwa ko katako waɗanda aka sani da filayen walƙiya don saita tsayin daka. Wasu ambaliyar ruwa da aka sani da wauko a cikin manyan tsarin levee suna zamewa gefen hanya don buɗe don zirga-zirga daban-daban. Hakanan za'a iya yin ƙofofin Bulkheadhehead da wasu kayan kuma ana amfani dashi azaman yanki guda ɗaya. Ana amfani da ƙofofin Miter a cikin makullin jirgin ruwa kuma galibi suna rufe a wani 18 ° kwana don kimantawa.	

Gateofar sluice a kan Harran Canal

Green Ball Greod a Harlan, Kentucky

Hings Crest Creas, bangarorin bango waɗanda ke jujjuya su daga tsaye zuwa kwance, ta hakan sun bambanta tsayin dam. An sarrafa su gaba ɗaya tare da ikon hydraulic, kodayake wasu suna da ƙarfi kuma ana ƙarfafa su ta hanyar ruwan da ake yi. Bambancin:

Gateofar Flap

Kifi-Cire ƙofofin Cages

Kabunan basattu

Gatesan Pealcan

A Amurka Sojojin Amurka na Injiniyan Hinged Gateofar CRETR CREST A Lokacin shigarwa

Kifi Belly Flap Gates a cikin Dam Damser, Canberra

Gates Radial sune ƙofofin Rotary sun ƙunshi sassan silinda. Suna iya juyawa tsaye ko a kwance. Gatesta na ƙasar takaice zane ne na tsaye wanda yake jujjuya don ba da damar ruwan zai wuce ƙasa. Low fitina tashin hankali, tare da wani fuskar fuska wanda ke daidaita sojojin hydrostat, ba da izinin wannan ƙira don rufe ƙarƙashin nauyinsa azaman yanayin tsaro.	

TAINTER Gateo

Gatesarfin ƙasar giwa da kuma zubewa

Kafin Gates sune sassan munanan ƙofar da ke taso kan ruwa. An saka su a juya ko ƙasa. An yarda da ruwa cikin ko daga dakin flotation don daidaita tsayin damuna na dam.	

Kafin Kafaffun suna sarrafawa tare da bawuloli.

Kafofin Drum a kan madatsuwa

Gates Gates manyan silinonders ne suka motsa a cikin wani yanki mai artled. An kori su da sarkar kuma suna da ƙirar da ke tattare da ke tattare da musayar su.

Gateswell Gates suna da ƙirar ganye na waje.

Gateofar Roller akan Mississippi.

Clamhell ambaliya a cikin madrowrock Dam.

Fusegates kayan aiki ne da aka tsara don samar da sakin ruwa na ruwa a cikin taron manyan manyan ambaliyar. Dillin ya ƙunshi tubalan tsaye na kyauta (kayan Fusegates) saita a gefe akan sill ɗin da aka ɓata. Tubalan Fusegate suna aiki a matsayin tsayayyen wanda aka gyara mafi yawan lokaci, amma a cikin yanayin ambaliyar ruwa da yawa an tsara su gaba, kyale ruwan ruwa mai sarrafawa. Yawancin Fusegat.  An kirkiro tsarin kuma François ya kirkiro shi da françois lempérière [2] don Hydroplus (Paris, Faransa), ana amfani da shi a cikin shiga Grm. An sanya shi sama da damuna sama da 50 a duniya tare da masu girma dabam daga 1 m zuwa tsayi 9 m zuwa tsawo. Ana amfani da Fusegate yawanci don haɓaka ƙarfin ajiya na dams ɗin ko don haɓaka yiwuwar fitar da fitsari.	

Skuse na Fousegate

Fusegate a Terminussas - Lake 

## Bawuloli
[bayani da ake buƙata]

Fitarwa daga wani howell-batsa boyve

Bawuloli da aka yi amfani da su a cikin aikace-aikacen Heloodgate suna da bukatun ƙira da yawa kuma galibi suna a gindin dam. Sau da yawa, mafi mahimmancin buƙata (banda ke gudana. Tunda ruwa mai nauyi ce mai nauyi, ya fice daga gindin dam tare da babban ƙarfin ruwa na ruwa daga sama. Sai dai in an watsar da wannan ƙarfin, kwararar da ke gudana kusa da dutsen da kuma lalacewar ƙasa.

Sauran buƙatun ƙira sun haɗa da yin la'akari da matsin lamba na kai, farashin kwarara, ko varve tana aiki a sama ko ruwa na daidaito da farashi.

Kafaffen mazugi masu ba da izini ne don hana makamashi daga ruwa a lokacin tafiye-tafiye tafasasshen. Su bangare ne zagaye na zagaye tare da qarfin Gateove mai daidaitawa kuma jefa a ƙarshen fitarwa. Gudewa ya bambanta ta hanyar motsa hannun riga ko zuwa kujerar ta. Tsarin yana ba da babban matsin lamba daga tushe na tsina da za a sake shi ba tare da haifar da lalacewa ba ga yanayin da ke kewaye. Kafaffen mazugi mai iya kula da kai har zuwa 300 m.

Betlow jet vidves wani nau'in bawul na allura da ake amfani da shi don fitar da ruwa. Wani mazugi da kujerar suna cikin bututu. Ruwa yana kwarara ta hanyar rata shekara-shekara tsakanin bututun da mazudan lokacin da aka motsa ƙasa, nesa da wurin zama. Hakarkarinsa yana tallafawa taron kwan fitila da kuma samar da iska don karancin ruwa.

Boyono Badvelves sun yi kama da tsayayyen bawuloli, amma suna da abin wuya wanda ya zube ruwa a cikin kunkuntar rudani. Sun dace da kawuna har zuwa 50 m.

Betarfin Jirgin saman, kama da bawul mai ban tsoro amma tare da ƙuntatawa na conical kafin ganyayyaki na ƙofar da ke mayar da hankali a cikin jirgin ruwa. An inganta su a cikin shekarun 1940 na Recamation don ba da damar ingantaccen ikon da suka gani. Jirgin saman Jet ya sami damar magance kawuna har zuwa 150 m.

## Ilimin kimiyar lissafi
Tsawon Lokaci: 42 seconds.0: 42

Ya bude ambaliyar ruwa a kan Itikiyawa

Za'a iya lissafin ƙarfi a kan ƙofar ƙofar rectangular za'a iya lissafta ta hanyar daidaitawa: 

F

=

М

A

{\ nuna \ f = pa}

A ina:

F = tilasta auna a cikin sabontonons (n)

p = matsin lamba 

=

ρ

g

ha \ h

{\ nuna = \ rho gh \,} an auna a pascal (pa)

A ina:

ρ shine yawan sabo ne (1000 kg / m3);

g shine hanzari saboda nauyi a duniya (9.8 m / s2);

H shine tsawo na ruwa a cikin mita.

A = yanki = murabba'i: tsayi × tsayi a cikin M2

A ina:

Tsawon = tsawon kwance na Takaddun Logangular ya auna a cikin Mita

Height = Tsawon Gaidona Gyara Ruwan Tube

Idan ƙofar ambaliyar ta mamaye ƙasa a saman daidaito iri ɗaya za a iya amfani da ita amma kawai tsayi ne daga ruwa saman zuwa tsakiyar ƙofar don yin ƙididdige rundunar a ƙofar ruwan itace.