Gwajin maƙaryaci na Aberdeen na 1596-1597

Tsanantawar maƙaryaci da ake zargi a Aberdeen ya fara ne a lokacin shari'ar maƙaryacin Aberdeen na 1596-1597 lokacin da aka zargi mata arba'in da biyar da maza biyu da laifin a cikin birni tare da mata 22 da mutum daya da aka kashe saboda an same su da laifin zama maƙaryaciya.

Ga Farfesa Julian Goodare, "Rubuce-rubucen gwaji don maita a Aberdeenshire a cikin 1597 an san su da daɗewa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin cikakkun kuma mafi mahimmancin tarin kayan tushe a kan batun a Scotland".

## Tarihi
A cikin 1590 Sarki James VI ya jagoranci shari'ar maita a Arewacin Berwick . Wannan ya haifar da irin wannan gwaji a duk faɗin Scotland inda akalla mata da maza 3,837 aka zarge su da maita a karni na 16 da 17. James VI da kansa ya ziyarci Aberdeen da yawa a cikin 1582, 1589, 1592, 1594 da 1600. 

Sa'an nan a cikin shekara ta 1596, an kama wani iyali kuma dan, Thomas Leyis, ya furta cewa ya sadu da ƙungiyar mayu a Fish Cross a Aberdeen a daren Halloween a wannan shekarar kuma yana rawa da shaidan a tsakar dare.[1][2] Wannan ya tsoratar da dattawan birni da mazaunanta cewa suna da matsala mai tsanani a hannayensu.[2] Wannan shari'ar ta kuma shafi mahaifiyarsa Janet Wishart wacce aka yanke mata hukunci kan laifuka 18 na maita ciki har da: yin sihiri wanda ya sa maƙwabtanta su yi rashin lafiya; yin kare mai launin ruwan kasa ya kai hari ga surukinta bayan jayayya; da kuma amfani da gawar da aka rataye a kan gungume don samar da sinadaran don sihirinta. Ta hanyar rarraba gawawwakin.[1] An sami mahaifiyar da ɗa da laifi kuma an kashe su ta hanyar maƙurewa da ƙonewa. Bayanan Aberdeen City sun lura cewa ya kashe "3 fam, 13 shillings da 4 pence" don peat, tar da itace don Leyis" pyre.[2]￼

Rubuce-rubucen birni suna da "daidaitawa" kuma sun haɗa da cikakkun bayanai game da biyan kuɗi ga masu ƙera ƙarfe a yankin don sayen zoben ƙarfe da sarƙoƙi da ake buƙata don ɗaure maƙaryaci da ake zargi a Kirk na St Nicholas.

An ce matan da ake zargi "sau da yawa matalauta ne, tsofaffin mata na al'umma 'waɗanda talauci, haushi mai zafi ko halaye na musamman ya sa su zama abin ƙyama ko tsoro ga maƙwabtansu". Kotun Shari'a wacce ta jagoranci wadannan gwaje-gwajen mata, ta kunshi Provost na Aberdeen, baillies hudu da juri.  

An gudanar da gwaje-gwajen a Tolbooth na birnin. Mutumin da aka rataye a birnin yana da kuɗin da aka saita na £ 1-6s-8d kuma don haka za a iya kashe mayu huɗu a rana ɗaya.  

### Tsoro a Aberdeen da Aberdeenshire
Chris Croly, masanin tarihi a Jami'ar Aberdeen, ya bayyana cewa ya kamata a ga Babban Maƙaryaci na Aberdeen na 1597 a matsayin wani bangare na guguwar tsanantawar maƙaryaci a duk faɗin Scotland wanda ya haifar da dokokin maita na Sarki James VI amma kuma "sake cewa Aberdeen ya ƙone maƙaryaciya fiye da ko'ina - wannan bazai zama cikakke ba, amma abin da yake da cikakkiyar gaskiya shi ne cewa Aberdeen yana da mafi kyawun bayanan jama'a na ƙonewar maƙaraya a Scotland, don haka zai iya bayyana a wannan hanyar. "

Ci gaba da bincike a lokacin, Farfesa Bill Naphy na Jami'ar Aberdeen, ya gano tsoro ya fara ne a Dyce, a waje da Aberdeen kafin ya bazu zuwa Ikklisiya na Dunnotar, sannan birnin Aberdeen kanta. Daga can tsoro ya bazu zuwa Lumphanan kuma a ƙarshe ya zo Banff.

Kashe-kashen da kansu sun faru ne a yankin Gallowgate na Aberdeen kuma sun kasance "aukuwa masu ban mamaki" a cewar Naphy,  inda za a ɗaure wanda aka yanke masa hukuncin da gungume, a maƙure shi kuma a ƙone shi har ya mutu  a gaban babban taron masu kallo.

Ga Naphy, gwajin maƙaryaci na Aberdeen da Aberdeenshire ya yadu ta hanyar dangantakar iyali: "wani wanda aka zarge shi a ƙauye ɗaya, yana da dangantaka ta iyali a wani ƙauye don haka binciken ya biyo baya daidai. "  Kusan goma sha biyu daga cikin wadanda ake tuhuma da kashe sun fito ne daga ƙauyen Lumphanan. Wannan zai wakilci babban rabo na yawan mata a lokacin.

## Kurkuku ga mayu
St. Mary's Chapel ya samo asali ne daga karni na 15 kuma yana daga cikin Kirk na St Nicholas wani coci na tarihi da ke tsakiyar gari. An kuma san shi da "The *"Mither Kirk"*" (mahaifiyar coci) na birnin. Masana tarihi sun ce zoben ƙarfe da aka saita a cikin ginshiƙi na dutse a cikin ɗakin sujada na iya zama hanyar haɗi kai tsaye ga birnin tarihin duhu na Aberdeen.

A cikin maido da ɗakin sujada a cikin 2016, Arthur Winfield, jagoran aikin OpenSpace Trust, ya bayyana cewa an shirya wurare biyu a cikin cocin a matsayin kurkuku ga mayu a lokacin farautar maƙaryaci ta Aberdeen na 1590s: ɗakin sujada na St Mary, da tsayin coci, wanda zai kasance, a wannan lokacin, mafi tsayi a cikin birni.

Winfield ya tabbatar da cewa ba ɗakin sujada na dutse ko tsayin daka ba zai kasance mai dumi a cikin hunturu na 1597 yayin da waɗanda ake zargi da maita ke jiran shari'arsu da kisa: "A cikin hunturu a zamanin yau, zafin jiki ya sauka zuwa digiri 3 [Celsius] a cikin St Mary's Chapel, kuma ina tsammanin zai fi sanyi a cikin hasumiya. "

Bayan binciken archaeological na 2016 na filin kirk, Winfield ya bayyana shirye-shiryen su ne sake gina tsohon "kotu ga mayu" a cikin St Mary's Chapel a matsayin "sarari mai la'akari... wannan sarari za a kiyaye shi a matsayin yanki na zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali - a zahiri, za a girmama shi ga ɗakin sujada da yake, kuma zai sake kasancewa" 

## Dubi kuma

* Janet Wishart
* Margaret Bane
* Binciken Maƙaryaci na Scotland

## Manazarta