Anita Garibaldi

**Anita Garibaldi** ( ,  ; an haife ta **Ana Maria de Jesus Ribeiro** ; 30 ga Agusta 1821 - 4 ga Agusta 1849) 'yar asalin ƙasar Brazil ce mai juyin juya hali ta jam'iyyar Republican wadda ta zama 'yar asalin ƙasar Italiya. Ita ce matar kuma abokiyar gwagwarmayar juyin juya halin Italiya Giuseppe Garibaldi . Haɗin gwiwarsu ya nuna ruhin Zamanin Soyayya da sassaucin ra'ayi na juyin juya hali na ƙarni na 19.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Ana Maria de Jesus Ribeiro a ranar 30 ga Agusta, 1821, a Laguna, wani ɓangare na Masarautar Brazil, masarautar da ta ƙunshi Burtaniya, Brazil da Algarves - shekara guda kafin 'yancin ƙasar - cikin wata iyali mai talauci na 'yan asalin ƙasar Portugal na Azorean .  Ita ce ta uku cikin 'ya'ya goma da aka haifa wa Maria Antônia de Jesus Antunes da Bento Ribeiro da Silva, wani *tropeiro* .  A shekara ta 1835, tana da shekaru goma sha huɗu, an tilasta wa Anita ta auri Manuel Duarte Aguiar, wanda ya yi watsi da ita don shiga Rundunar Sojojin Masarautar .

## Rayuwa tare da Giuseppe Garibaldi

Giuseppe Garibaldi, wani matukin jirgin ruwa na Niçois wanda asalinsa ɗan asalin Ligurian ne, ya zama ɗan juyin juya halin ƙasar Italiya, ya tsere daga Turai a shekarar 1836 kuma yana yaƙi a madadin Jamhuriyar Riograndense mai ra'ayin mazan jiya a kudancin Brazil ( Yaƙin Ragamuffin ). Lokacin da Garibaldi matashi ya fara ganin Anita, sai kawai ya yi mata rada, "Dole ne ki zama tawa." [1] Ta haɗu da Garibaldi a cikin jirginsa, Rio Pardo, a watan Oktoba na 1839. Wata guda bayan haka, ta fara ganin faɗa a Imbituba da Laguna, suna faɗa a gefen masoyinta.

An ce Anita, wacce kwararriyar mai doki ce, ta koya wa Giuseppe al'adun gaúcho na Pampas na kudancin Brazil. Ɗaya daga cikin abokan Garibaldi ta bayyana Anita a matsayin "haɗin gwiwa na ƙarfi biyu na asali... ƙarfi da jarumtakar namiji da kuma fara'a da tausayin mace, wanda ya bayyana ta hanyar jarumtaka da ƙarfin da ta yi amfani da shi wajen zana takobinta da kuma kyakkyawar fuskarta da ke gyara laushin idanunta na musamman." 

A Yaƙin Curitibanos, Garibaldi ya rabu da gaba, ya rasa hulɗa da Anita, wanda ƙungiyar abokan hamayya suka kama. A lokacin da ake tsare da shi, masu gadin sun gaya wa Anita cewa Garibaldi ya mutu, wanda Anita ta shiga cikin damuwa sosai, kamar yadda take cikin ƙaunatacciyar ƙaunatacciyarta da kuma ɗanta da suke tsammani, wanda Garibaldi ba zai taɓa gani ba. Anita ta tambaya ko za ta iya nemansa a tsakanin matattu a yaƙi. An ba ta izinin bincike, amma ba ta same shi ba. Wannan ya ba Anita bege, wadda, bayan wani lokaci, ta hau doki a sansani, ta hau shi, ta tsere da gudu. Sojojin suka bi ta. Bisa ga umarnin shugaban masu garkuwa da ita, za su dawo, ko da sun mutu ko sun mutu. Sun harbe su suka kashe dokinta. Sai Anita ta zo kan kogin Canoas, inda ta shiga. Sojojin suka yi tunanin ba za ta tsira ba suka bar ta ta mutu. Anita ta yi kwana huɗu tana yawo ba tare da abinci ko abin sha ba a cikin daji, har sai da ta sami gungun mutane da suka ba ta abinci. A ƙarshe, ta sami damar tuntuɓar 'yan tawayen kuma aka sake haɗuwa da Garibaldi a Vacaria . Bayan 'yan watanni, an haifi ɗansu na fari, Menotti (1840–1903). An haife shi da nakasar kwanyarsa saboda wani rauni da Anita ta samu lokacin da ta faɗo daga kan dokinta a lokacin da take gudu daga sansanin Brazil. Menotti shi ma ya zama mai fafutukar neman 'yanci kuma ya raka mahaifinsa a yakin neman zaɓensa a Italiya. An ba shi sunansa don girmama Ciro Menotti . Sun haifi wasu 'ya'ya uku a Montevideo, Rosita (an haife shi 1843–1845), Teresita (an haife shi 1845–1903) da Ricciotti (an haife shi 1847–1924). Duk da cewa sun sami wasu jayayya saboda Garibaldi mai son mata ne, gaskiyar magana ita ce soyayya ce mai zafi.  . A shekara ta 1841, ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa babban birnin Uruguay na Montevideo, inda Giuseppe Garibaldi ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan kasuwa kuma malamin makaranta kafin ya karɓi jagorancin rundunar sojojin Uruguay a shekara ta 1842 kuma ya tara "Rundunar Sojojin Italiya" don yaƙin ƙasar da aka yi da shugaban mulkin kama karya na Argentina Juan Manuel de Rosas . Anita ta shiga cikin yaƙin da Garibaldi ya yi a shekarar 1847 kan Montevideo da Argentina da tsohon shugaban ƙasarsa Manuel Oribe mai ƙawance da Uruguay.

An yi auren Anita da Giuseppe a ranar 26 ga Maris 1842, a Montevideo.

## Yaƙin neman zaɓe a Italiya da mutuwa

## Manazarta

Ba tare da ilimi na yau da kullun ba, Anita Ribeiro Garibaldi ta bar wasu bayanai da aka rubuta game da abubuwan da ta fuskanta. Shekaru da yawa bayan haka, Giuseppe ya bayyana ta a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa. Fassarar Turanci na tarihin soyayya na Valerio ita ce tushen da aka saba amfani da shi a yanzu.

* Gidan yanar gizon "Anita Garibaldi" wanda Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina ya shirya - UDESC, Florianópolis, Brazil
* *Anita Garibaldi: Guerrillera en América del Sur, Heroína de la Unidad Italiana*, na Julio A. Sierra (2003).
* *Anita Garibaldi: Tarihin Rayuwa*, ta Anthony Valerio (2000).
* *Anita Garibaldi: Uma Heroína Brasileira*, na Paulo Markun (1999).
* *Anita, Anita: Garibaldi na Sabuwar Duniya*, wani littafi na Dorothy Bryant (1993).
* *Garibaldi e Anita: Corsari*, na Lucio Lami (1991).
* *L'Amazzone Rossa*, na Giuseppe Marasco (1982).
* *Aninha do Bentão*, na Walter Zumblick (1980).
* *Ni ne ƙaunataccena: Rayuwar Anita Garibaldi*, ta Lisa Sergio (1969).
* *Anita Garibaldi*, na Giuseppe Bandi (1889).
* *Tarihin Rayuwa*, na Giuseppe Garibaldi, trans. A Werner (1971, 1889).
* *Labarin Garibaldi*, na Giuseppe Garibaldi da Alexandre Dumas (1931, 1861)
* *Anita Garibaldi - vita e morte (rayuwa da mutuwa)*, na Isidoro Giuliani da Antonio Fogli. Ed. Marcabò (2001)
* Marloes Geboers - 'wakilin gani na Anita Garibaldi akan kafofin watsa labarun' a cikin: hashtags na zuciya (2018). Datasprint na Winterschool (Amsterdam).
* Maarten van Gestel - "Gamification na Anita Garibaldi" (NRC 2018).