Abin tunawa da Chatam Sofer

Fayil:Chassam_sofer.JPG|Moses Sofer
Fayil:Mausoleum_of_Moses_Sofer.jpg|Grave of Moses Sofer(at the left)
Fayil:Mauzóleum_Chatama_Sófera_1.jpg|View from above the tunnel
Fayil:VSJZ_Bratislava_13.JPG|Overview of the memorial before the construction of River Park
Fayil:Mauzóleum_Chatama_Sófera_3.jpg|View from in front of the River Park


Tunawa da Chatam Sofer, wanda a da ake kira Tsohon Makabartar Yahudawa, shine wurin binne Moses Sofer, wani fitaccen malamin addinin Kirista daga ƙarni na 19, wanda aka gina a wurin da aka gina makabartar Yahudawa ta ƙarni na 17 a Bratislava, Slovakia.[2][3] An lalata makabartar tarihi galibi da gina ramin hanya a ƙarƙashin Gidan Sarauta na Bratislava a 1943 amma tattaunawa da shugaban Slovakian mai tsattsauran ra'ayi Jozef Tiso ya ba da damar kiyaye wani muhimmin ɓangare na makabartar da ke ɗauke da kaburburan malaman addini a cikin siminti. Daga baya, lokacin da aka mayar da ramin zuwa jiragen jigilar jama'a, an gina tashar jirgin ƙasa a saman wurin. A shekara ta 2002 an gina wani abin tunawa na zamani a saman wurin kuma an buɗe shi ga jama'a kaɗan.[4]

## Wurin da yake
Yankin da aka kewaye da shi na Chatam Sofer Memorial kusan daidai yake da yankin tsohon Kabarin Tsohon Yahudawa na Bratislava. Tana a Nábrežie armádneho generála Ludvíka Svobodu Street kuma tana da iyaka da ramin tram zuwa gabas, bango zuwa arewa, da ci gaban River Park zuwa kudu a fadin titin. Yana da kimanin mita 70 daga kogin Danube.

Akwai tashar bas din sufuri na jama'a (daya a kowane bangare) da kuma tashar jirgin ƙasa (kuma daya a kowane bangaren) da ake kira *Chatam Sofer* kusa da abin tunawa.

## Tsohon Kabari na Yahudawa a Bratislava
A cikin karni na 17, an ba Yahudawa damar zama a yankin da ke ƙasa da Bratislava Castle a kan dukiyar Counts na iyalin Pálffy. Al'ummar Yahudawa sun kafa makabartar kusa da kogin Danube wanda ya yi aiki har zuwa 1847. Tun daga wannan lokacin, al'ummar Yahudawa sun yi amfani da makabartar Orthodox da Neolog da ke kan titin Žižkova da ke kusa. Har zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20 yankin nan da nan yana kusa da Danube, an ware shi daga kowane gida kuma ya yi shiru yayin da zirga-zirga don Bratislava Castle kuma birnin ya ratsa titin Žižkova da sauran hanyoyi sama da shafin. A cikin shekarun 1940, an gina sabbin gine-gine a kusa don yin hidima ga baje kolin Danube na Duniya, daga baya ya zama Park kultúry a oddychu. A lokaci guda, an tsawaita bakin kogi kuma yankin ya cika da hanyoyi da layin tram da kuma gina ramin karkashin Bratislava Castle Hill ya fara.

Tsohon Kabari na Yahudawa ya ci gaba da kula da shi sosai har zuwa 1942-1943, lokacin da Jihar Slovakia da shugabanta mai adawa da Yahudawa-fascist firist Katolika Jozef Tiso suka kwace shi a 1943 don gina hanya kuma an rushe makabartar. Yawancin kaburbura an tono su kuma an sake binne su a makabartar Orthodox a cikin kabari na jama'a a bayan beit tahara. Sai kawai sashi mafi daraja, inda aka binne sanannun malamai na Bratislava - kaburbura 23 da ke kewaye da kabarin Chatam Sofer - an kiyaye su a shafin na asali; membobin al'ummar Yahudawa sun taimaka wajen gyara wuraren binnewar Chatam Soffer bayan yakin.  Tattaunawa tare da gwamnatin ta ba al'umma damar adana wannan ɓangaren makabartar ciki har da kabarin Chasam Sofer, wanda aka rufe a kankare, a ƙarƙashin farfajiyar sabuwar hanya. An ba da bayani da yawa game da bin tsarin mulki ga sha'awar al'umma, Ɗaya ya ce sakamakon babban cin hanci yayin da wasu suka ambaci matsin lamba na kasashen waje ko kuma tsoron la'ana idan an lalata kaburbura.

Wannan ginin ya ba da damar yankin makabartar ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren shiga tsakiyar birnin Bratislava kuma a yau, dubban mutane suna ganin abin tunawa a kowace rana a cikin bas din sufuri na jama'a da trams da ke wucewa. Har zuwa shekarun 2000, an raba yankin daga Danube ta wurin shakatawa na jama'a. Magistrate na Birnin Bratislava kuma Magajin garin Bratislava Andrej Ďurkovský ya sayar da wannan ƙasar ga kamfanin Henbury Development, wanda ya gina ci gaban River Park da ke da nisan mita daga shafin.

Bayan sanarwar 'yancin kai ta Slovakia a shekarar 1992, an gudanar da sabbin shawarwari don dawo da damar jama'a zuwa kaburbura da aka adana. A tsakiyar shekarun 1990s, an kafa Kwamitin Kasa da Kasa don Tsaro na Gravesites na Geonai Pressburg don tallafawa da kula da sake komawa ga waƙoƙin tram da kuma gina mausoleum. A cikin 1999, Magajin garin Bratislava, Jozef Moravčík, Shugaban Kwamitin Romi Cohn da Shugaban Ƙungiyar Addinin Yahudawa ta Bratislava Peter Salner sun sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Fahimtar don ba da damar shiga shafin.

Mai tsara sabon Chatam Sofer Memorial shine Slovak Martin Kvasnica kuma kamfanin Raft ne ya gudanar da ginin. An kammala gina kabarin ne bayan sun shawo kan batutuwan fasaha, kudi da addini da yawa kuma an buɗe shi a ranar 8 ga Yuli, 2002.

## Samun dama
Tun daga shekara ta 2002, ana iya samun damar shafin ga jama'a tare da ƙuntatawa. Dole ne a shirya duk ziyara ta hanyar al'ummar Yahudawa aƙalla awanni 48 a gaba kuma dole ne baƙi su kasance tare da jagora na gida a kowane lokaci. Akwai kuɗin shiga na $ 6 ga kowane baƙo, tare da ƙarin $ 20 don samun dama a waje da lokutan aiki na yau da kullun. Har ila yau, akwai ƙa'ida mai tsauri da ka'idojin tufafi da za a bi su ciki har da dogon wando, hular maza da makamai masu rufewa ga mata. Kodayake a ka'idar shafin yana samuwa ga 'yan ƙasa na Bratislava, a zahiri baƙi na Yahudawa na ƙasashen waje ne ke ziyarta kusan kawai, ya zama muhimmin wurin aikin hajji.￼

A cikin 2020, an sayi wani gini da ke kusa da Tunawa don zama wurin baƙi, yana maraba da baƙi da ke zuwa ziyarci kabarin Chatam Sofer da sauran wuraren Yahudawa a Bratislava. Sau da yawa ana samun ruwan sanyi mai zafi da sanyi, da kuma gidan wanka. Gidan zai karɓi bakuncin shul, mikvah, da sauran abubuwan more rayuwa.

## Gidan wasan kwaikwayo

## Dubi kuma

* Musa Mai Laushi
* Tarihin Yahudawa a Slovakia
* Tarihin Bratislava
* Yawon shakatawa a Slovakia

## Manazarta