Motsi na yanayi

**motsi na yanayi** ƙungiya ce ta zamantakewar duniya da ke mai da hankali kan matsawa gwamnatoci da masana'antu don ɗaukar mataki (wanda ake kira matakin yanayi) don magance abubuwan da ke haifar da Tasirin canjin yanayi. 'Yan ƙasa da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na muhalli sun shiga cikin gagarumin gwagwarmayar yanayi tun daga ƙarshen 1980s da farkon 1990s, yayin da suke neman rinjayar Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi (UNFCCC) .  Yunkurin gwagwarmayar yanayi ya zama sananne a tsawon lokaci, yana samun gagarumin ƙarfi a lokacin taron koli na Copenhagen na 2009 kuma musamman bayan sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Paris a cikin 2016. 

Kungiyoyin muhalli suna daukar matakai daban-daban kamar Peoples Climate Marches . Wani babban abin da ya faru shi ne yajin aikin yanayi na duniya a watan Satumbar 2019 wanda aka shirya ta Jumma'a don Makomar da Yakin Duniya. Manufar ita ce ta rinjayi taron koli na matakin yanayi da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta shirya a ranar 23 ga Satumba. A cewar masu shirya taron mutane miliyan hudu ne suka shiga yajin aikin a ranar 20 ga Satumba. Yunkurin matasa da shiga tsakani sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin juyin halitta na motsi bayan ci gaban yajin aikin Jumma'a Don Nan Gaba wanda Greta Thunberg ta fara a cikin 2019.   A cikin 2019, Extinction Rebellion ta shirya manyan zanga-zangar da ke neman "rage hayakin carbon zuwa sifili a shekarar 2025, da kuma kirkirar taron 'yan ƙasa don kula da ci gaba", gami da toshe hanyoyi.

## Tarihi
A cikin 1962, Rachel Carson (masanin ilimin halittu na ruwa, marubuci, kuma mai kiyayewa) ya rubuta Silent Spring, wanda ya zama babban fallasa game da lalacewar muhalli, wanda ya haifar da amfani da magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma gazawar gwamnati don kare lafiyar jama'a da namun daji. Carson ya bayyana cewa ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙa'idodin jihar don kare lafiyar jama'a da namun daji. Karyatawar aikin game da rashin samar da jihar a cikin ruwa na Amurka, da kuma sashin iska wanda ya inganta Yunkurin muhalli na duniya.

Tun daga farkon shekarun 1970s, masu gwagwarmayar yanayi sun yi kira ga ingantaccen matakin siyasa game da Canjin yanayi da sauran batutuwan muhalli. A cikin 1970, Ranar Duniya ita ce babbar ƙungiya ta muhalli ta farko da ta yi kira ga kariya ga dukan rayuwa a duniya. An kuma kafa kungiyar Abokan Duniya a shekarar 1970.

Ayyukan da suka shafi Canjin yanayi sun ci gaba a ƙarshen shekarun 1980,  lokacin da manyan Kungiyoyin muhalli suka shiga cikin tattaunawar game da yanayi, galibi a cikin tsarin UNFCCC. Ganin cewa kungiyoyin muhalli a baya sun fara aiki a matakin cikin gida, sun fara ƙara shiga cikin kamfen na kasa da kasa.

An kafa babbar hadin gwiwar sauyin yanayi ta kasa da kasa, Climate Action Network, a shekarar 1992. Manyan mambobinta sun hada da Greenpeace, WWF, Oxfam da Abokan Duniya. Adalci na Yanayi Yanzu! da Climate Justice Action, manyan hadin gwiwa guda biyu, an kafa su ne a cikin jagorancin taron koli na Copenhagen na 2009.

Tsakanin shekara ta 2006 zuwa shekara ta 2009, Yakin Yakin Canjin Yanayi da sauran kungiyoyin Burtaniya sun shirya jerin zanga-zangar don karfafa gwamnatoci su yi ƙoƙari sosai don magance canjin yanayi.

Taron Canjin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2009 a Copenhagen shine taron koli na farko na UNFCCC wanda yunkurin yanayi ya fara nuna ikon tattara shi a babban sikelin. A cewar Jennifer Hadden, yawan sabbin kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da aka yi rajista tare da UNFCCC ya karu a cikin 2009 a cikin jagorancin taron koli na Copenhagen.  Tsakanin mutane 40,000 da 100,000 sun halarci tafiya a Copenhagen a ranar 12 ga watan Disamba suna kira ga yarjejeniyar duniya kan yanayi. Yunkurin ya wuce Copenhagen, tare da fiye da 5,400 rallies da zanga-zangar da aka gudanar a duniya a lokaci guda.

A cikin 2019, masu gwagwarmaya, mafi yawansu matasa ne, sun shiga cikin yajin aikin yanayi na duniya don sukar rashin matakin kasa da kasa da siyasa don magance mummunar tasirin canjin yanayi. Greta Thunberg, matashiyar mai fafutuka daga Sweden, ta zama jagora ga Yunkurin Makaranta don Yanayi.

## Hanyoyi
Wadannan hanyoyi ne da yawa da aka yi amfani da su a baya ta hanyar masu ba da shawara kan yanayi da kamfen ɗin bayar da shawarwari:

* samar da bayanai,
* tsara bayanai game da fannoni na canjin yanayi na duniya, da
* kalubalantar sharuddan muhawara ta siyasa.

Dukkanin wadannan hanyoyin guda uku an aiwatar da su a cikin kamfen ɗin yanayi da aka yi niyya ga jama'a gaba ɗaya. Bayani game da tasirin canjin yanayi na duniya yana taka rawa wajen samar da imani na yanayi, halayen, da halayyar, yayin da tasirin wasu hanyoyin (misali samar da bayanai game da mafita ga GCC, tsara yarjejeniya, amfani da bayanan inji) duk da haka ba a san su ba. Hanyar ta uku ita ce ƙirƙirar sarari don tattaunawa wanda ke wucewa fiye da tambayoyin tattalin arziki waɗanda galibi ke mamaye muhawara ta siyasa don jaddada dabi'un muhalli da dimokuradiyya. An yi jayayya da wannan yana da mahimmanci don kawo canjin tsari mafi mahimmanci. Wasu 'yan siyasa, kamar Arnold Schwarzenegger tare da taken "ka kawo karshen gurɓataccen yanayi", sun ce ya kamata masu fafutuka su samar da kyakkyawan fata ta hanyar mai da hankali kan amfanin lafiyar lafiyar aikin yanayi.

### Rashin biyayya ga yanayi
Rashin biyayya na yanayi wani nau'i ne na rashin biyayya na farar hula, wani mataki da gangan da aka nufa don sukar manufofin yanayi na gwamnati. A shekara ta 2008, dan gwagwarmayar yanayi na Amurka Tim DeChristopher ya zama mai siyarwa a wani gwanjo na Ofishin Gudanar da Kasa na Amurka da hayar man fetur da iskar gas na ƙasar jama'a a Utah, ya lashe gwanjo, ya yi watsi da biyan kuɗi, kuma an ɗaure shi na watanni 21. A watan Satumbar 2015, masu gwagwarmayar yanayi guda biyar da aka sani da Delta 5 sun toshe jirgin mai a Everett, Washington. A shari'a, an ba da izinin Delta 5 don karewa, wato, karya doka don hana mummunar lahani. Bayan shaidar, alƙalin ya yanke shawarar cewa ba a cika dalilan karewa ba kuma ya umarci juriya da su yi watsi da shaidar da aka yarda da ita a ƙarƙashin karewa. An ci tarar Delta 5 saboda shiga tsakani amma an wanke su daga manyan tuhume-tuhume.

Misali na farko na alƙali da ya yarda da kare lafiyar yanayi ya kasance a ranar 27 ga Maris, 2018 lokacin da Alkalin Mary Ann Driscoll ya wanke dukkan masu tuhuma 13 na tuhumar farar hula daga zanga-zangar da aka gudanar a 2016 a Boston, Massachusetts.