Bushnell mai hankali

**Prudence Bushnell** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1946) wani jami'in diflomasiyyar Amurka ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Jakadan Amurka a Kenya kuma a matsayin Jakadan Amurka a Guatemala .

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Bushnell a Washington DC a shekara ta 1946. Mahaifinta ma'aikaci ne a ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka kuma sakamakon tafiye-tafiyen danginta, ta girma a Iran, Jamus, Faransa da Pakistan . Bayan samun digiri na farko daga Jami'ar Maryland, Bushnell ya sami digiri na biyu daga Kwalejin Russell Sage a Troy, New York .

## Sana'a
Bayan kammala karatun, Bushnell ya tafi aiki a matsayin mashawarcin gudanarwa a Texas . Ta shiga hidimar ƙasashen waje a 1981 a matsayin jami'ar gudanarwa, inda aikinta na farko ya kasance a Bombay, Indiya . Daga nan ta zama mataimakiyar shugabar jakada a karkashin Ambasada George Moose a ofishin jakadancin Amurka da ke Dakar, Senegal .

### Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje da kisan kare dangi na Rwanda
A cikin 1993, Shugaba Bill Clinton ya nada Ambasada Moose Mataimakin Sakataren Harkokin Wajen Amurka . Bushnell ya raka Moose don zama Mataimakin Mataimakin Sakatare. Lokacin Bushnell a Washington ya kasance da matsanancin tashin hankali a Afirka. A ranar 3 ga Oktoba, 1993, an kashe sojojin Amurka 18 tare da raunata 73 a yunƙurin kama shugaban yaƙi Mohamed Farrah Aidid a yakin Mogadishu a Somaliya . Jama'ar Amurka sun yi matukar kaduwa da mace-mace da goyon bayan shigar Amurkawa cikin al'amuran Afirka da aka sha a sakamakon haka. A bisa wannan yanayin ne aka fara kisan kiyashin Rwanda . A ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 1994, shugaban kasar Rwanda Juvénal Habyarimana da Cyprien Ntaryamira, shugaban kasar Burundi, dukkansu sun mutu a lokacin da aka harbo jirginsu da ke kusa da filin jirgin Kigali na kasar Rwanda. Ba a taba tabbatar da alhakin kisan gilla a fili ba, duk da haka, rikicin da ya haifar shi ne sanadin kisan kiyashin da aka yi wa 'yan kabilar Tutsi a hannun 'yan Hutu mafi rinjaye na kasar Rwanda.

Bushnell, wanda ya ziyarci yankin makonni kadan da suka wuce, ya fitar da wata takarda kai tsaye bayan kashe-kashen. A cikinta, ta yi hasashen tashin hankali da kuma yadda sojoji suka mamaye gwamnatin Rwanda sannan ta bukaci gwamnatin Amurka da ta dauki matakin tabbatar da zaman lafiya. A wani bangare sakamakon abin da ya faru a Somaliya, gwamnatin Amurka ta zabi kin bin shawarwarin Bushnell, kuma a washegarin ranar 7 ga watan Afrilu ne aka fara kisan kiyashi a kasar Rwanda, lokacin da mayakan Hutu suka kashe jami'an gwamnatin Tutsi da dama da firaministan Hutu Agathe Uwilingiyimana .

Bushnell ya fara kiran jami'an sojin Rwanda a wani yunƙuri na shawo kan su dakatar da kashe-kashen. Sai dai ba tare da daukar matakin soji ba, rokon da ta yi na a daina tashin hankalin ya shiga kunnen uwar shegu. A ranar 29 ga Afrilu, 1994, Bushnell ya tattauna da Kanar Théoneste Bagosora, wani jami'in sojan Rwanda wanda aka bayyana a matsayin jagoran kisan kiyashin. Ta kuma gargade shi cewa ma’aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka tana sane da wannan tashin hankalin, ta kuma yi kira da a kawo karshen kashe-kashen da ake yi. Daga karshe an kama Bagosora kuma aka yanke masa hukuncin daurin shekaru 35 a gidan yari saboda rawar da ya taka a kisan kiyashin. 

Yunkurin Bushnell na dakatar da kisan kiyashin da tattaunawarta da Bagosora an yi wasan kwaikwayo a cikin fim ɗin 2005 Wani lokaci a cikin Afrilu . Jaruma Debra Winger ta nuna Bushnell a cikin fim din.

### Harin bam a ofishin jakadancin Kenya
Bushnell ya kasance Mataimakin Mataimakin Sakatare har sai da Shugaba Clinton ta nada shi don zama jakada a Kenya a 1996. Bayan da majalisar dattijan Amurka ta tabbatar da hakan, Bushnell ya zauna a Nairobi . Bushnell ta yi amfani da ofishinta wajen tursasa shugaban Kenya Daniel arap Moi ya kafa sauye-sauyen dimokuradiyya da kuma kawar da cin hanci da rashawa a gwamnatinsa, wani babban koma baya ga tattalin arzikin Kenya. Bushnell ya kuma firgita da yadda harabar ofishin jakadancin Amurka ke da rauni wajen kai hari. Sama da shekaru biyu, ta koka game da yanayin tsaro ga shugabanninta a Washington.  Duk da bukatar da Bushnell ya yi na gina sabon gini, wata tawagar tantance ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka ta yanke shawarar cewa gyara zai isa. Tsoron Bushnell ya tabbata lokacin da a ranar 7 ga Agusta, 1998, jami'an al-Qaeda suka tayar da bam a cikin mota kusa da ofishin jakadancin .

A lokacin tashin bam din, Bushnell yana halartar wani taro da ministan kasuwanci na Kenya, Joseph J.Kamotho a ginin bankin hadin gwiwa dake kusa da ofishin jakadancin. Fashewar ya buge ta a sume kuma ta yi mugun yanke da gilashin tashi. Bayan ta dawo hayyacinta bayan 'yan mintoci kaɗan, an kwashe Bushnell zuwa wani otal da ke kusa da ita inda ta sami magani kuma ta fara kula da ayyukan ceto. A karshe dai an kashe ma'aikatan ofishin jakadancin 12 tare da 'yan kasar Kenya 212 sannan mutane 4,000 suka jikkata. Bugu da kari, wata mota da aka makare da bama-bamai ta tarwatse a lokaci guda a birnin Dar es Salaam na kasar Tanzaniya, inda ya kashe mutane 11 tare da raunata 85. A cikin makonnin da suka biyo bayan tashin bama-baman, Bushnell ya sha suka a jaridun Kenya na kin barin farar hular Kenya su shiga ayyukan bincike da ceto. Ta mayar da martani ta hanyar bayyana a gidan talabijin na kasar Kenya domin nuna irin hatsarin da ginin da ya ruguje ke da shi ga wadanda ba su horar da su ba da kuma bukatar adana shaidu.

A cikin 2001, an gurfanar da jami'an al-Qaeda hudu, ciki har da Wadih El-Hage, shugaban kungiyar da ta shirya harin a birnin New York. Bushnell ya kasance shaida ga masu gabatar da kara. A karshen shari’ar, an yanke wa mutanen hudu hukuncin daurin rai da rai. Wasu maƙarƙashiya da yawa sun kasance a hannunsu. An tuhumi Osama bin Laden, tsohon shugaban al-Qaeda a shekarar 1998 saboda rawar da ya taka wajen ba da umarnin kai hare-hare. An kashe shi a ranar 30 ga Afrilu, 2011 a Pakistan.

### Guatemala
Shugaba Clinton ne ya zabi Bushnell a 1999 don zama jakadan Amurka a Guatemala. Sakatariyar harkokin wajen Amurka Madeleine Albright ne ya rantsar da ita a wannan matsayi a ranar 5 ga Agusta, 1999. Yayin da jakada, Bushnell ya nemi haɓaka haɗin gwiwar Guatemala a cikin kwalaye da kofi na musamman biyo bayan faduwar farashin kofi a duniya. Game da matsayinta na Jakadiya, ta ce:Ina tsammanin fitowata cikin ƙauye, barin mutane su gan ni, yana sanya fuskar ɗan adam a kan asirin Amurka ta Amurka. Kullum sai ka taba wani, wani kuma ya taba ka. Yana da ban mamaki a shawo kan kabilanci, al'ada, harshe, wani lokacin jinsi, batutuwan tattalin arziki, kuma kawai a haɗa su a matsayin ɗan adam. Abin ban mamaki game da zama jakada shi ne cewa kuna da ikon Gwamnatin Amurka don kawo canji.

### Manufofin SMART
Waɗannan manufofi ne waɗanda suke Dabaru, ɗabi'a, Za'a iya cimmawa, Amintacce, da Canji. Bushnell ta kirkiro wannan tsarin ne don nazarin hanyoyin da za a bi wajen fuskantar kalubalen duniya a sakamakon littafinta game da hare-haren ta'addancin al Qaeda na 1998. Shekaru 20 na yaƙe-yaƙe masu ƙarfi na “wuya” ba su hana dabarun ta’addanci ba. Ambasada Bushnell ta ba da misali na SMART a cikin labarinta, "Operation Vittles" da aka samu a cikin fitowar Mayu na 2019 na Jaridar Diflomasiya ta Amurka.  Ambasada Bushnell ya kuma yi ishara da gazawar ayyukan diflomasiyya a lokacin kisan kiyashin da aka yi a Rwanda a cikin wata makala da aka buga a cikin jaridar The Brown Journal of World Affairs. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Bushnell ta yi murabus a matsayin jakadan Amurka a Guatemala a watan Yulin 2002 don zama shugabar Makarantar Jagoranci da Gudanarwa a Cibiyar Hidimar Waje, matsayin da ba ta da shi. A cikin 2004, ta kasance mai karɓar Kyautar Nasarar Ma'aikata, Medal na Sabis ga Amurka . Ta auri lauya kuma marubucin wasan kwaikwayo Richard Buckley kuma tana da 'ya'ya biyar.

## Manazarta

# "Hare-haren bama-bamai a Gabashin Afirka: Jakadan Amurka; Wakilin 'Rashin Rage' Yanzu Yana Fuskantar 'Yan Kenya' Ire", *The New York Times*, Agusta 13, 1998.
# "Takardu Sun Nuna Sanin Amurka Da Kisan Kisan Kiyashi A Ruwanda", *The New York Times*, Agusta 22, 2001.
# Tarihin Ma'aikatar Jiha ta Hukuma

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Labarin da Bushnell ya yi kan harin bama-bamai na Kenya
* Tarihin baka ta Prudence Bushnell zuwa Ƙungiyar Nazarin Diflomasiya da Koyarwa
* Appearances