Ƴancin Ɗan Adam a Lesotho

**[[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|Haƙƙin ɗan adam]] a [[Lesotho]]**, ƙasa mai mutane 2,067,000 gabaɗaya da Afirka ta Kudu gaba ɗaya,  batu ne mai cike da cece-kuce. A cikin rahotonta na Freedom in the World na shekarar 2012, Freedom House ta ayyana kasar a matsayin "Yanci".  A cewar Ofishin Dimokuradiyya, 'Yancin Dan Adam da Kwadago na Amurka, wanda ke fitar da rahotannin kare hakkin bil'adama na shekara-shekara kan kasar, batutuwan da suka fi daukar hankalin 'yan Adam su ne amfani da azabtarwa, rashin yanayin gidan yari, da cin zarafin mata da yara. 

## Tarihi da yanayin siyasa
Lesotho ta sami 'yancin kai daga Burtaniya a cikin shekara ta 1966. Tsawon shekara ta 1998 ya ga jerin rugujewar zabe da juyin mulkin soji . 

Jadawalin da ke gaba yana nuna ƙimar Lesotho tun a shekarar 1972 a cikin rahoton Freedom in the World, wanda Freedom House ke bugawa kowace shekara. Ƙimar 1 "kyauta" ne; 7, "ba kyauta ba".  1

A farkon shekarun 1970s aka ga tsare 'yan gudun hijirar siyasa na Pan Africanist Congress of Azania - kungiyar da ta balle ta National Congress Congress - daga Afirka ta Kudu. An kuma tsare Ntsu Mokhehle, shugaban jam'iyyar Basutoland Congress Party (BCP), a matsayin fursunan siyasa.  Ziyarar da Joan Lestor, Baroness Lestor na Eccles ta yi a madadin kungiyar Amnesty International (AI) ta nuna cewa ana tsare da mambobin BCP 90 - 100.  Yawancin an sake su a watan Janairu 1972.  A ranar 6 ga Janairun 1974, duk da haka an kama wasu mambobi 20. Bayan hare-haren da wasu gungun ‘yan bindiga suka kai wa ofisoshin ‘yan sanda washegari, an sake kama su, wanda ya kawo adadin sama da 170.  A kan wannan, BCP ta yi ikirarin cewa gwamnati ta kashe mutane sama da 80 a matsayin ramuwar gayya.  Yawancin wadanda aka kama ana tuhumar su ne da laifin cin amanar kasa.  Ya zuwa 1978 mambobi tara na BCP har yanzu suna tsare a gidan yari na Maseru . 

Bayan arangama da fashewar bama-bamai a watan Mayun 1979, lamarin ya sake yin tsami tsakanin jam'iyyar BCP da jam'iyyar Basotho ta kasa mai mulki. Bayan da wasu mahara suka kashe ministar majalisar Cif Lepatoa Mou, rundunar ‘yan sanda ta Mobile Unit (PMU) ta fara kai hare-hare na ramuwar gayya, da kai hari da kashe fararen hula a gundumar Butha-Buthe . A karshen shekarar 1979 sama da mutane 600 ne suka yi gudun hijira zuwa Afirka ta Kudu. Wadannan 'yan gudun hijirar siyasa sun yi ikirarin cewa gwamnati ta kashe akalla mutane hamsin da ake zargin magoya bayan maharan ne.  1980 ya ga kama da yawa na siyasa, ciki har da aƙalla furofesoshi huɗu na Jami'ar Ƙasa ta Lesotho . 

Wani jerin fashe-fashe ya faru a 1981, ciki har da daya a filin jirgin sama na kasa . An dangana waɗannan ga reshen sojan da aka hana BCP, Lesotho Liberation Army (LLA). A cikin ramuwar gayya PMU a gwargwadon rahoto sun shiga gidan Benjamin Masilo, shugaban Majalisar Kirista ta Lesotho . Da kyar ya kubuta daga mutuwa ya gudu kasar waje, amma an kashe jikansa. Daga nan sai PMU ta yi garkuwa da Edgar Motuba, mai sukar gwamnati kuma editan jaridar mako-mako *[[Leselinyana la Lesotho|ta Leselinyana la Lesotho]]* . An same shi kwance da gawar wasu abokai biyu. Ziyarar AI a karshen wannan shekarar ta nuna cewa an kashe wasu 'yan kasar.  1982 ya ga rahotannin azabtarwa ga fursunonin siyasa da kuma bullar sabuwar ƙungiyar mutuwa ta siyasa, da aka sani da *Koeeoko* .  A watan Disamba ne Dakarun tsaron Afirka ta Kudu suka shiga Maseru da daddare inda suka kashe jami'an Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da dama, da kuma wasu 'yan kasar Lesotho goma sha biyu. Akalla kashe-kashe arba’in ne aka ce an yi ba bisa ka’ida ba, kuma akasarin wadanda ba su da makami ne.  Gwamnati, ta damu da yiwuwar sake kai hare-hare daga 'yan Afirka ta Kudu, ta fara jigilar 'yan gudun hijirar zuwa Mozambique .  Rahotannin azabtarwa da kamawa ba bisa ka'ida ba sun ci gaba da yawo ga kasashen waje cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa. 

Bayan zaben 'yan majalisar dokoki na 1998 ya baiwa jam'iyyar Lesotho Congress for Democracy kujeru 79 daga cikin 80 da kashi 60.5% na kuri'un da aka kada, an yi zanga-zangar tarzoma sannan kungiyar raya kasashen kudancin Afirka ta shiga tsakani ta hanyar soji .  An kafa hukumar siyasa ta rikon kwarya tare da bullo da tsarin hada -hadar wakilcin da aka fara aiwatar da shi a zaben 2002 . 

Ana ci gaba da tashe tashen hankulan siyasa. A watan Mayun 2011 ne aka yi zanga-zanga da zanga-zangar adawa da rashin tattalin arziki . 

## Abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu (2008-)

### 'Yan tsiraru da 'yancin mata

Doka tana kiyaye haƙƙin waɗanda ke ɗauke da HIV/AIDS . Cibiyar sadarwa ta Lesotho ta mutanen da ke fama da cutar HIV/AIDS ta yi iƙirarin cewa ana nuna wariya amma tana kan raguwa. 

Daga cikin kujeru 120 na majalisar dokokin kasar, 29 mata ne suka mamaye ciki har da na shugaban majalisar da ministoci bakwai daga cikin 19. Sun kuma zama kujeru bakwai daga cikin 33 na Majalisar Dattawa . Rabin alkalan babbar kotuna guda goma mata ne. 

Akwai dokar luwadi amma ba a ba da rahoton aiwatar da ita ba. Ana ɗaukar luwadi da madigo, amma ƙungiyar goyon bayan LGBT, "Matrix", an ba da rahoton cewa tana aiki da yardar rai a duk faɗin ƙasar. 

Yin aikin yara ya yadu. 

### 'Yancin addini
Ana kiyaye 'yancin addini a wannan al'ummar Kirista. 

### 'Yancin magana
Kundin tsarin mulki ya kare 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki . 

#### Kafofin watsa labarai da sa ido
Jaridu da gidajen rediyo masu zaman kansu na iya sukar gwamnati ba tare da wani tasiri ba.  Gwamnati ce ke iko da gidan rediyo mafi girma kuma tashar talabijin tilo.  Jihar ta rufe watsa shirye-shiryen gidajen rediyo masu zaman kansu guda hudu da ke ba da rahoto kan zanga-zangar da aka yi a watan Agustan 2011; daga baya aka dora laifin hakan akan kuskuren fasaha. 

Ana amfani da aikin tantance kai saboda cin mutuncin ministocin gwamnati lokaci-lokaci. Babu rahotannin hana intanet na gwamnati . 

A baya-bayan nan dai ba a samu rahoton kama mutane ba bisa ka'ida ko kuma bacewar siyasa . 

#### Azaba
Yayin da kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya haramta amfani da azabtarwa, rahotanni na amfani da shi na ci gaba da fitowa fili.  Akalla fursunoni uku ne suka mutu a hannun ‘yan sanda a shekarar 2011. A ranar 3 ga Maris 2011 an kama matar Tseliso Thatjane na Lithoteng, wadda ake zargin ta saci na'urar talabijin da DVD, kuma ta gaya mata cewa za a sake ta kawai bayan ya mika wuya. Bayan ya ba da kansa, an ce an yi masa bulala, aka kuma shake shi da jakar leda. An biya cin hancin maloti 500 domin a sake shi. 

#### Yanayin gidan yari
An samu karancin abinci a gidan yarin Maseru . Fyade gidan yari da ƙungiyoyi ke yi ya zama ruwan dare, kuma saboda yawan cutar kanjamau a ƙasar, ana ganin yana da haɗari musamman. A cewar Ma'aikatar Gyaran Lesotho, kashi 60% na fursunonin mata suna dauke da kwayar cutar HIV. 

## Yarjejeniyoyi na duniya
Matsayin Lesotho game da yarjejeniyoyin kare hakkin bil adama na kasa da kasa sune kamar haka:

## Duba kuma

* Yin aikin yara a Lesotho
* Fataucin mutane a Lesotho

## Bayanan kula
1. Lura cewa "Shekarar" tana nufin "Shekarar da aka rufe". Don haka bayanin shekara ta 2008 ta fito ne daga rahoton da aka buga a 2009, da sauransu

## Manazarta