Legambiente

**Legambiente** ƙungiya ce ta masu kare muhalli ta Italiya wadda ta samo asali daga ƙungiyar yaƙi da makaman nukiliya wadda ta bunƙasa a Italiya da kuma ko'ina cikin ƙasashen Yammacin duniya a rabin na biyu na shekarun 1970. An kafa ta a shekarar 1980 a matsayin wani ɓangare na ARCI, daga baya ta zama ƙungiya mai zaman kanta. An san ta da farko da *Lega per l'ambiente* (League for the Environmental), ta canza sunanta a lokacin Babban Taron Ƙasa na IV da aka gudanar a Parma a shekarar 1992.  Manufar ƙungiyar ita ce ta sanya al'adun muhalli a matsayin cibiyar sabon nau'in ci gaba da walwala. Muhimman dabi'u ga ƙungiyar sune inganta ingancin muhalli, yaƙi da duk wani nau'in gurɓatawa, amfani da albarkatun ƙasa da kyau, gina dangantaka mai daidaito tsakanin ɗan adam da yanayi.  Ana ɗaukarta a matsayin ƙungiyar muhalli mafi yaɗuwa a Italiya, domin hedikwatar ƙasa ce a Rome, rassan yanki 20, ƙungiyoyi kusan 1,000 na gida da mambobi sama da 115,000 suka ƙunsa ta. 

## Aiki
Ayyukan Legambiente sun dogara ne akan ra'ayin kimiyya game da muhalli, wanda ke nufin cewa kowace kamfen ko shawara don kare muhalli an haɓaka ta ne daga bita na farko na bayanan kimiyya. 

A cikin fiye da shekaru 35 na ayyukan, Legambiente ta shirya kamfen na sa ido kan muhalli da wayar da kan jama'a da ayyukan sa kai kan ingancin iska, gurɓatar teku da shara a ruwa.  Ta yi yaƙi da gine-gine ba bisa ƙa'ida ba kuma ta yi Allah wadai da zubar da shara ba bisa ƙa'ida ba da kuma aikin *ecomafie*, tare da rahoton shekara-shekara kan laifukan muhalli da suka shafi ayyukan ƙungiyoyin masu laifi.  Ƙungiyar tana haɓaka, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, amfani da makamashi mai sabuntawa, ingancin makamashi, tattalin arziki mai kore da zagaye, kiyaye wuraren da aka kare daga yanayi, yaƙi da sarrafa shara ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. Kowace shekara tana gudanar da cikakken bincike kan yanayin muhalli a Italiya tare da rahoton "Ambiente Italia". Tana cikin waɗanda suka gabatar da ƙuri'ar raba gardama ta 1987 da 2011 kan makamashin nukiliya .

Ƙungiyar tana buga mujallar labarai ta wata-wata mai suna **La Nuova Ecologia** (Sabuwar Ilimin Halittu). 

Daga cikin shahararrun masu fafutukar kare muhallin akwai Ermete Realacci (shugabar daga 1987 zuwa 2003 kuma har yanzu shugabar girmamawa ta Legambiente. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Dokokin Italiya daga 2001 zuwa 2018.), Laura Conti (1921-1993, likita, fitacciyar masaniyar muhallin Italiya, wacce ta shiga cikin binciken da aka yi game da tasirin lafiyar Seveso a 1976. Memba a Majalisar Dokokin PCI daga 1987 zuwa 1992), Fabrizio Giovenale (1918-2006, mai tsara birane, marubuci, masanin muhalli. Wanda ya kafa Legambiente kuma editan *La Nuova Ecologia* .) da Alexander Langer (1946-1995), wanda ya kafa Green Party Verdi, ya gabatar da tarurruka da yawa don kawo karshen zaman lafiya ga muhalli.

## Bala'in Chernobyl da kuma yunkurin yaki da makamashin nukiliya
A ranar 26 ga Afrilun 1986, wani hatsari a tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta nukiliya ta Chernobyl da ke Ukraine ya fitar da gajimare mai dauke da rediyoaktif a rabin Turai. Mujallar La Nuova Ecologia da Lega per l'Ambiente, a farkon watan Mayu, ta nuna shaida a lokacin wani taron manema labarai kan bayanai game da matakan radiation da aka gano a kasar.

Mutane sama da miliyan ɗaya ne suka sanya hannu don neman kuri'ar raba gardama. Legambiente kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin masu fafutukar kwamitin raba gardama kan ikon nukiliya, ƙungiyar "Ku zaɓi Eh don dakatar da makaman nukiliya", wacce ta ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi sama da 60, waɗanda suka haɓaka fafutukar neman kuri'ar raba gardama a ranakun 12 da 13 ga Yuni 2011. Kuri'ar raba gardama wacce ta tabbatar, shekaru 25 bayan Chernobyl, adawar yawancin 'yan ƙasar Italiya kan makamashin nukiliya. 

## Manazarta