Blondell Cummings

**Blondell Cummings** (27 ga Oktoba, 1944 - 30 ga Agusta, 2015) ƙwararriyar 'yar rawa ce ta zamani kuma mai tsara rawa ta Amurka. An san ta da yin wasan kwaikwayo na gwaji kuma ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka fi yin wasan kwaikwayo a fagen rawa na New York da Harlem tsawon shekaru da yawa.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Blondell Cummings a Florence, South Carolina, a ranar 27 ga Oktoba, 1944. Lokacin da take jaririya, iyayenta, Roscoe da Oralee (née Williams) Cummings, sun ƙaura daga South Carolina zuwa Harlem . A South Carolina, iyayenta masu rabon amfanin gona ne, suna noman auduga da taba,  kuma lokacin da suka ƙaura zuwa New York, mahaifinta yana aiki a matsayin direban tasi, mahaifiyarta kuma tana aiki a matsayin mai kula da gida sannan kuma ma'aikaciyar jinya.  Lokacin da Cummings take cikin ƙuruciyarta, iyalinta sun ƙaura zuwa Queens .

## Sana'a
Cummings ta sami digirin farko a fannin rawa da ilimi daga Jami'ar New York da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin zane-zane daga Kwalejin Lehman . Ta kuma yi karatu a Makarantar Martha Graham ta Rawar Zamani .

Ta kasance memba ta farko a kamfanin Meredith Monk mai suna "The House". Cummings ta fito a cikin wasan opera na Monk na shekarar 1973 *Education of the Girlchild* da kuma fim ɗin Yvonne Rainer na shekarar 1976 *Kristina Talking Pictures* .  A shekarar 1978 ta ƙirƙiri ƙungiyar zane-zane ta kanta, Cycle Arts Foundation, wanda ya haɓaka haɗin gwiwa tsakanin fannoni daban-daban.  Ta yi shekaru biyu (1978–79) a matsayin mai fasaha da mai gudanarwa na Cultural Council Foundation CETA Artists Project a birnin New York, tana kula da sauran masu rawa da kuma yin rawa da rawa da kanta. Cummings ta ci gaba da yin aikinta a wurare da suka haɗa da The Kitchen, New York Live Arts, Danspace Project, 92Y, da sauransu.  Ta kuma yi rangadin wurare daban-daban a faɗin Afirka da Asiya, da kuma a faɗin ƙasar zuwa wurare, ciki har da bikin rawa na Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival inda ta kasance mai fasaha a gida.  A tsawon aikinta, Cummings ta yi aiki tare da masu fasaha ciki har da Jamaica Kincaid, Jessica Hagedorn da Ishmael Houston-Jones . 

She taught at universities, including Wesleyan, Cornell University, and New York University.

Cummings ta mutu sakamakon cutar kansar pancreas a ranar 30 ga Agusta, 2015, a gidanta da ke Manhattan, birnin New York tana da shekaru 70.

## Zaɓi ayyuka

### ''Miyar Kaza'' (1981)
Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan Cummings da ya fi shahara shine *Chicken Soup*, wani waƙa da aka yi a shekarar 1981 bisa ga tunanin yarinta na kakarta a ɗakin girki, wanda ya ƙunshi kiɗan Meredith Monk, Collin Walcott, da Brian Eno .  A shekarar 1982 lokacin da Ishmael Houston-Jones ya ƙirƙiri jerin Parallels a Danspace, *Chicken Soup* shine wanda aka fi so. 

A cikin wani bita na aikin da aka yi a shekarar 1983, jaridar *[[New York Times]]* ta lura cewa,Abin da kawai ta yi shi ne tsayawa kusa da jakar siyayya, ta zauna a kujera ta kicin, ta goge ƙasa ta yi rawa da kaskon soya. Amma ta jefa mai kallo cikin wani lokaci da wuri da aka tuna, lokacin da matan unguwar suka zauna a kusa da teburin dafa abinci kamar yadda duk wani Walker Evans ya ɗauka yana magana game da "yarinta, abokai, ayyuka, mutuwa da kuɗi." A cikin wani labarin da aka buga kwanan nan kan Ishmael Houston-Jones, Joan Acocella na *jaridar The New Yorker ,* ta rubuta game da labarin,A shekarar 1981, Blondell Cummings ta yi rawa, "Miyar Kaza," wadda, yayin da take goge ƙasa a hannunta da gwiwoyinta - wani aiki na gaskiya mai kyau - za ta yi ta katsewa akai-akai, ta tashi tsaye, ta girgiza, cikin motsin girgiza mai kaifi, kamar tana cikin hasken walƙiya. Sannan, ba tare da sanin wannan katsewar ba, za ta koma, cikin natsuwa, zuwa goge ƙasa. Wannan abin mamaki ya sa aikin ya zama mai ban sha'awa a fannin tunani: goge ƙasa yana da kyau kuma yana da kyau (Cummings ta saka farar riga), girgizar ta yi ƙarfi da ban mamaki. Shin wannan matar tana farin cikin yin wannan aikin gida, ko kuwa ta ƙi shi sosai har ta fara hauka? Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙasa ta sanya *Miyar Kaza* a matsayin *Babban Aikin Amurka* a shekarar 2006.  A matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan matsayin, an sake gina aikin kuma aka sake shirya shi a Gidan Wasan Kwaikwayo na Joyce a shekarar 2007 ta kamfanin rawa na Urban Bush Women . 

### ''Mata a cikin Duwatsun Duwatsu'' (1995)
An ba da umarnin wannan aikin ne ta ƙungiyar Japan, kuma ya binciko wuraren kwatantawa da bambanci tsakanin abubuwan da suka faru da wata mace 'yar Afirka da wata mace 'yar Japan.  Wannan aikin haɗin gwiwa ne da Junko Kikuchi kuma an gina shi ne akan littafin Kōbō Abe na shekarar 1962 mai suna *The Woman in the Dunes.* 

## Kyaututtuka
Cummings ya sami kyaututtuka daga Asusun Tallafawa Fasaha na Ƙasa, Gidauniyar Fasaha ta New York, Hukumar Haɗin Kan Amurka da Japan, kuma ya sami tallafin karatu na Guggenheim da Robert Rauschenberg. 

## Gado
An haɗa Cummings a cikin shirin shirin gaskiya mai suna Retracting Steps: American Dance Tun lokacin Postmodernism (1988) da kuma shirin PBS Free to Dance: The African American Presence in Modern Dance (2001).

Shaida ce ta sunanta a fagen rawa da kuma al'ummar wasan kwaikwayo, Cummings ta kasance cikin Kwamitin Zaɓen Kyautar Bessie tsawon shekaru da yawa. 

### ''Muna Son Juyin Juya Hali: Mata Baƙaƙe Masu Tsattsauran Ra'ayi'', ''1965–85''
An haɗa Cummings a cikin wannan babban baje kolin rukuni wanda Catherine Morris ta Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art ta Gidan Tarihi na Brooklyn da Rujeko Hockley, wacce a halin yanzu take kula da Gidan Tarihi na Whitney of American Art suka shirya.  An fara nuna wannan baje kolin a Gidan Tarihi na Brooklyn (Afrilu 21, 2017 - Satumba 17, 2017)  kuma ta yi tafiya zuwa Cibiyar Fasaha ta Zamani, Boston a lokacin bazara na 2018 (Yuni 27, 2018 - Satumba 30, 2018). 

## Manazarta