Jewel Lafontant

**Jewel Stradford Lafontant-Mankarious** (an haife ta ne a ranar 28 ga watan Afrilu, 1922 zuwa31 ga watan Mayu, 1997), ta kasan ce ita ce mace ta farko (kuma mace Ba'amurkiyar Afirka) mataimakiyar lauyan Janar din Amurka, jami'i a gwamnatin Shugaba George HW Bush, kuma lauya a Chicago . Hakanan Shugaba Richard Nixon ya dauke ta a matsayin wanda za ta iya gabatarwa da Kotun Koli ta Amurka .

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haife ta a Chicago a matsayin **Jewel Carter Stradford**, ta kasance 'yar shahararren lauya kuma wacce ta kirkiro kungiyar lauyoyi ta kasa, C. Francis Stradford, da Aida Arabella Stradford. Ta na zuriyar cikin karni na 19th American artisan, Scipio Vaughan da matarsa, Maria Conway  daga wanda ta samu Yoruba Nijeriya, Cherokee da Scottish ancestries.   Jewel ya sami digiri na farko a kimiyyar siyasa daga Kwalejin Oberlin a Shekara ta, 1943. Yayinda yake a Kwalejin Oberlin, Jewel ya kasance kyaftin na ƙungiyar volleyball kuma memba na icalungiyar Musical, Forensic Union, Cosmopolitan Club, da sauran ayyukan da yawa. Jewel ta fara makarantar koyon aikin lauya a shekara ta, 1943 kuma ita kadai ce Ba’amurkiyar Ba’amurke mace a ajinsu. A shekara ta, 1946, ita ce mace ta farko Ba’amurkiya Ba’amurke da ta kammala karatun digiri daga Jami’ar Chicago Law School . 

## Kwarewar sana'a
A shekara ta, 1947, aka shigar da ita Lauyan Jihar Illinois . A wannan shekarar, Jewel ta zama lauya mai gabatar da kara na Ofishin Ba da Taimakon Shari'a na Birnin Chicago, yanzu Legal Aid Society of Metropolitan Family Services. Ta kafa kamfanin lauyoyi a Chicago a 1949 tare da mijinta na farko, John W. Rogers Sr. A shekara ta, 1955, Shugaba Dwight Eisenhower ya nada Jewel a matsayin mataimakin lauyan Amurka na Lardin Arewacin Illinois. Ta yi aiki a wannan matsayin har zuwa shekarar, 1958. 

A watan Yulin shekara ta, 1960, ta kasance wakiliya ga Babban Taron Jam'iyyar Republican . Ta yi jawabi na biyu don nadin Nixon don zama ɗan takarar Jam’iyyar Republican na Shugaban kasa a lokacin zaben Shugaban kasa na shekara ta, 1960 . A shekarar 1961, ta fara sabon kamfanin lauyoyi a Chicago tare da mahaifinta da mijinta na biyu da ake kira Stradford, Lafontant da Lafontant. A shekarar, 1963, ta zama bakar fata ta farko da ta yi jayayya game da batun a Kotun Supremeoli na Amurka . Lamarinta, Beatrice Lynumn v. Jihar Illinois ta kafa misali don alamar Miranda v. Shari'ar Arizona a shekara ta, 1966. Ta yi rashin nasara a zabukan shari'a na Illinois a shekara ta, 1962 da shekarar, 1970. A cikin shekara ta, 1972, ta kasance wakiliya zuwa Babban Taron Jam'iyyar Republican. 

Ta zauna a kan allon kamfanoni da dama da ba na riba ba, gami da allon na Kamfanonin Jauhari, Trans World Airlines, Mobil Corporation, Revlon, Illinois Humane Society, Howard University, da Oberlin College.   

## Yi aiki a cikin gwamnatin Nixon
A cikin shekarar, 1969, Nixon ta nuna mata ta zama mataimakiyar shugaban kwamitin bada shawara na Amurka kan Harkokin Duniya, Ilimi da Al'adu. A cikin shekarar, 1972, Nixon ya nada Jewel don yin aiki a matsayin wakiliyan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya . A cikin Shekara ta, 1973, Nixon ta nada Jauhari ya zama mace ta farko da ta taba zama Mataimakin Babban Lauya. Ta bar gwamnatin Nixon a shekara ta, 1975 don komawa aiki a Chicago, wanda ta ci gaba da yi har zuwa shekara ta, 1989.

## Yi aiki a cikin gwamnatin George HW Bush
An shigar da ita a Kotun daukaka kara ta DC a shekarar, 1985. Daga 1989 zuwa 1993, Jewel ya rike mukamin Ambasada-at-Large kuma shi ne Mai Gudanar da Harkokin Amurka na Harkokin 'Yan Gudun Hijira yayin gwamnatin Shugaba George HW Bush . Jauhari yayi tafiye-tafiye sosai a wannan lokacin ko'ina cikin duniya. Tana yin shawarwari kowace shekara ga Shugaba Bush game da yawan 'yan gudun hijirar da ya kamata a shigar da su Amurka. Ta gaji Jonathan Moore a wannan matsayin. Bayan Bush ya rasa yakin neman zabe, Jewel ya koma Chicago don ci gaba da aikin lauya har zuwa mutuwarta a shekara ta,  1997.

## Rayuwar mutum
Jewel Stradford ya auri John W. Rogers Sr, tsohon memba na Tuskegee Airmen a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II, a ranar 7 ga watan Disamba shekara ta, 1946; suna da ɗa guda, babban jami'in saka hannun jari John W. Rogers Jr. (an haife shi a shekara ta1958). Ma'aurata sun sake aure a shekara ta, 1961. Ta sake yin aure, ga lauyan Haiti-Ba-Amurke H. Ernest Lafontant a shekara ta, 1961, kuma ta ci gaba da zama da shi har zuwa mutuwarsa a watan Oktoba a shekara ta, 1976. Ta auri Naguib Soby Mankarious a shekara ta, 1989 kuma ta aure shi har zuwa mutuwar ta a shekara ta, 1997.

Ta sami lambar yabo ta Candace don Bambancin Hidima daga Hadin gwiwar Kasa na Bakaken Mata 100 a shekarar,1983. 

## Mutuwa
Jewel Stradford Lafontant-Mankarious ta mutu ne sakamakon cutar sankarar mama a gidanta da ke Chicago a ranar 31 ga watan Mayu a shekara ta, 1997, tana da shekaru 75. 

## Duba kuma

* Richard Nixon nadin mukami na shari'a

## Manazarta