J. Ezra Merkin

**Jacob Ezra Merkin** (an haife shi a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 1953)  ɗan Amurka ne mai zuba jari, manajan asusun hedge kuma mai taimakon jama'a. Ya kasance manajan asusun kuma mai tara jari har zuwa 2008 lokacin da ɗaya daga cikin asusun a Gabriel Capital LP, $5 ɗinsa.&nbsp;biliyoyin rukunin asusun hedge sun zama marasa riba saboda an saka hannun jari mai yawa na kadarorinta tare da mai gudanar da shirin Ponzi Bernard Madoff da aka yanke wa hukunci. Sakamakon saka hannun jarinsa da Madoff ya kasance mai yawa. Ya gudanar da jerin shari'o'i ba tare da samun wata hujja ta zamba ko sanin shirin ba, amma ya amince ya biya duk wani kuɗaɗen da ya samu daga jarin da aka zuba a Madoff a tarihi. Dole ne ya yi murabus daga mukamai daban-daban, ciki har da matsayinsa na shugaban GMAC wanda ba shi da iko. 

## Na Kai
Merkin ɗa ne ga fitaccen ɗan kasuwa Hermann Merkin da Ursula Merkin (wani suna Ursula Sara Breuer), dukkansu Yahudawan Orthodox ne da aka haifa a Jamus waɗanda suka tsere daga Jamus kafin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu don gujewa Nazi. 'Yar'uwar Merkin ita ce Daphne Merkin, marubuciya. Shi da matarsa, Lauren, suna da 'ya'ya huɗu.

A ranar 20 ga Mayu, 2009, ya yi murabus daga shugabancin Majami'ar Fifth Avenue, wadda mahaifinsa ya kafa a shekarar 1959. Membobin sun haɗa da wasu daga cikin manyan masu zuba jari da ke da alaƙa da Madoff, waɗanda suka yi asarar jimilla sama da dala 1. biliyan.

Merkin ya halarci Ramaz, makarantar shiryawa ta zamani ta Upper East Side, Yeshivat Kerem B'Yavneh da Yeshivat Har Etzion yeshivas a Isra'ila, sannan ya halarci Jami'ar Columbia da Makarantar Shari'a ta Harvard .

A shekarar 1995, ya biya dala $11.&nbsp;miliyan don wani katafaren gida mai ɗakuna 18 mallakar Ron Perelman, memba na majami'arsa, a 740 Park Avenue, wanda wani lokacin ake kira "Gidan Gida mafi arziki a duniya."  A shekara ta 2003, ya fara tattara zane-zane 12 na Mark Rothko, mafi girman tarin masu zaman kansu a duniya, wanda darajarsu ta kai kimanin dala $150&nbsp;miliyan.   An sayar da Rothkos a shekarar 2008, bisa yarjejeniya da mai karɓar, akan $320&nbsp;miliyan.

Merkin kuma tana da gida a Atlantic Beach, New York, wanda darajarsa ta kai dala $1.7.&nbsp;miliyan, da kuma wani kadara a Eagle County, Colorado, mai darajar dala $506,000. 

## Tarihin Kasuwanci
"Yana da matukar wahala ga Ezra ya yanke shawara. Ya damu da babban al'amari, ya damu da rabon kuɗi. Kyautarsa ita ce shi ɗan kasuwa ne na duniya. Ya fahimci cewa mutane da yawa ba su da kwarin gwiwa (shawarar saka hannun jari), cewa idan mutane suna da kwarin gwiwa a gare shi, to zai iya ba su kwarin gwiwa," in ji wani manajan kuɗi wanda ya yi aiki tare da shi tsawon shekaru. 

Daga 1979 zuwa 1982, ya yi aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Milbank Tweed . Ya yi aiki a Halcyon Investments daga 1982 zuwa 1985. Ya koma Halcyon, wani asusun tallafi na hedge wanda Alan B. Slifka, abokin mahaifinsa ke gudanarwa. A can ya haɗu da Joel Greenblatt, wanda ya kafa Gotham Capital a 1985, inda Merkin ya yi aiki har zuwa 1988, a matsayin manaja kuma abokin hulɗa a Gotham Capital LP da Ariel Capital LP. 

A shekarar 1988, ya kafa Gabriel Capital don tara jari, sannan ya tura shi ga manajoji a madadin kuɗi. A shekarar 1992, Merkin yana tara kuɗi tare da kuma kula da hannun jari tare da Stephen A. Feinberg, wani manaja wanda kamfaninsa na Cerberus Capital Management, daga baya ya sayi hannun jari mai sarrafawa a Chrysler (80%) da GMAC (51%, akan $6.4).&nbsp;biliyan),  bangaren kula da harkokin kuɗi na General Motors .  Merkin ya zuba jarinsa a Cerberus da kamfanonin ajiyarsa. Asusunsa na Gabriel ya zuba jarin dala $79&nbsp;miliyan a Chrysler, $66&nbsp;miliyan a cikin GMAC, da kuma $67&nbsp;a cikin haɗin gwiwar Cerberus, a cewar bayanan ƙarshen shekara.  Duk da cewa Cerberus ya rasa hannun jarinsa mai iko a Chrysler, a ƙarshe, masu zuba jari a Chrysler da GMC sun sami fiye da jarin da suka samu a cikin ribar. 

A shekara ta 2005, Cerberus da Gabriel sun sayi hannun jari na kashi 9.9% a Bankin Leumi, amma a watan Afrilun 2009, sun yanke shawarar sayarwa don haɓaka kuɗaɗen shiga saboda asarar kuɗi mai yawa da suka yi a shekara ta 2008. 

Merkin ta jagoranci Ascot Partners LP, wani asusun shinge wanda darajarsa ta kai dala $1.8.&nbsp;biliyan kafin rugujewar Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC . 

### GMAC
A shekara ta 2006, Cerberus ya naɗa Merkin a matsayin Shugaban GMAC wanda ba shi da wani iko, babban jarin Cerberus.  Wannan jarin ya kusa zama ruwan dare, amma a ƙarshe masu zuba jari na Cerberus sun sami jarinsu. Duk da haka, a watan Janairun 2009, Merkin ya yi murabus daga shugabancinsa a matsayin sharaɗin da Babban Bankin Amurka ya bayar na ba shi matsayin kamfanin riƙe da bankunan GMAC, don ya sami damar samun kuɗin ceto .  

### Victor Teicher
Victor Teicher ya ƙware a fannin saka hannun jari da suka shafi haɗe-haɗe. A shekarar 1988 aka tuhume shi da laifin cinikin cikin gida, aka yanke masa hukunci a shekarar 1990, kuma a shekarar 1994 aka daure shi na tsawon shekara guda.

A watan Agusta na shekarar 1998, Merkin ya sake ɗaukar Teicher aiki don ya kula da kimanin dala 1.&nbsp;biliyan a matsayin mai aiki mai zaman kansa,  yana biyansa $1&nbsp;miliyan a kowace shekara tare da ƙarin abubuwan ƙarfafa gwiwa.  A shekarar 1988, Merkin ya fara saka babban kaso na kuɗin da ya tara wa Gabriel Capital tare da Teicher. Daga 1988 zuwa 1998, Teicher ya jagoranci asusun Merkin na ƙasashen waje, Ariel da Gabriel Capital. Merkin "ya shagaltu da tara kuɗi don waɗannan kuɗaɗen ta hanyar amfani da hanyar sadarwarsa ta zamantakewa da ƙwararru." 

A lokacin da yake kurkuku, Teicher yana gudanar da kusan dala $375&nbsp;miliyan daga masu zuba jari na Merkin. A watan Janairun 1995, Merkin ya karɓi ma'aikatan Teicher, ya sanya sunan Gabriel Capital a ƙofar, sannan ya ɗauki Nathan Leight don ya sarrafa kuɗin. 

Teicher ya gaya wa Merkin kada ya saka hannun jari a Madoff saboda irin wannan ribar da ake samu ba za ta yiwu ba.  Bayan kama Madoff, Teicher ya aika wa Merkin wasu imel nan take:Duk da haka, ka ɗauki aiki mai kyau kuma ka goge shi da himma, da son rai lokacin da ya bayyana a fili cewa (ka san abin da kake yi) kake yi. Labarin Madoff abin dariya ne; ina fatan za ku yi shawarwari kan wannan rikici gwargwadon iko....Abin takaici, kun biya babban farashi don darasi kan farashin kwadayi. Ina tsammanin ka yi aiki mai kyau wajen yaudarar mutane da yawa, a ƙarshe ka yaudari kanka... sunan mutum yana gaya maka ko shi wanene; Madoff ya yaudari kuɗin. 

## Badakalar Bernard Madoff
A ƙarshe, jarin da Merkin ya zuba tare da Madoff ya yi tsada sosai ga masu zuba jarinsa da kuma shi da kansa - duka a dala da kuma a fannin suna.

Asusun Merkin ya daɗe yana zuba jari a Madoff. Tun daga shekarar 1992, Merkin ya fara saka hannun jari a wasu daga cikin asusun a ƙarƙashin kulawarsa a Madoff, yana karɓar kuɗin shekara-shekara na kashi 1 – 1.5% na jimillar kadarorin asusun.  Zuwa shekarar 2005, Merkin ya sami kusan dala $35&nbsp;miliyan a kowace shekara kawai don aika kuɗi ga Madoff.  Merkin ya saka hannun jari da kansa da kuma ta hanyar amintattun iyali da gidauniyar $7&nbsp;miliyan a Ascot a cikin shekaru shida na farko, kuma ƙasa da dala $2&nbsp;miliyan a cikin shekaru 10 masu zuwa. Bai sake saka hannun jarin dala $169 ɗinsa ba&nbsp;miliyan a cikin kuɗin gudanarwa na shekarun 1995 zuwa 2007 ya koma cikin Ascot Partners, kodayake yana da sama da $100&nbsp;ya zuba jarin miliyoyin daloli ta hanyar asusunsa a Madoff. 

An tuhumi Merkin da zamba da alaƙa da saka hannun jarin Madoff. A ƙarshe, ya yi nasara a shari'o'in zamba kuma babu wata kotu da ta yanke hukuncin cewa yana da masaniya game da zamban Madoff.      Duk da cewa a ƙarshe, an warware wannan shari'ar ba tare da Merkin ya sami nasarar gano zamba ba, Merkin ya yarda ya mayar da duk wani kuɗaɗen da ya samu a cikin shekarun da suka shafi saka hannun jari a asusun Madoff.

An gurfanar da Merkin da wasu kara daga masu zuba jari da ba su gamsu ba don dawo da kudaden da suka ɓace a cikin badakalar Madoff, amma a mafi yawan waɗannan shari'o'in Merkin ya yi nasara.  An gurfanar da Merkin a gaban kotu saboda rawar da ya taka wajen gudanar da "asusun ciyarwa" ga Madoff.    

Merkin ya sha kaye a shari'o'i uku na sasantawa da suka shafi jarin Madoff. Shari'o'in sun haɗa da sakamakon sakaci da Merkin ya samu amma ba zamba ba.  

A ranar 7 ga Mayu, 2009, Madoff Bankruptcy Trustee, Irving Picard, ya shigar da ƙara  a kan Merkin yana neman dawo da kusan dala $500.&nbsp;An cire miliyoyin daloli daga asusun Madoff a cikin shekaru shida da suka gabata. Koken ya yi zargin cewa tun daga shekarar 1995, Merkin ya mallaki fiye da dala $1.0&nbsp;biliyan ga Madoff ta hanyar asusun hedge guda uku masu zaman kansu, Ascot Partners, Ariel Fund, da Gabriel Capital. Tun daga shekarar 2002, asusun ya cire akalla $494&nbsp;miliyan daga Madoff - ya dawo da cewa Merkin "ya sani ko ya kamata ya sani" an yi masa zamba. Akwai aƙalla misalai 500 a cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata lokacin da bayanan asusunsa na Madoff suka nuna manyan gungun hannun jari da aka saya ko aka sayar a farashin da bai yi daidai da yanayin ciniki na hannun jari ba na ranar da aka yi zargin an yi cinikin.  Ba a nuna cewa Merkin yana da masaniyar wani laifi ba kuma ya yi nasara a wannan shari'ar. 

Ya zuwa ranar 18 ga Mayu, 2009, ikon Merkin na asusun Ascot, Gabriel da Ariel hedge an sanya su cikin ikon karɓar kuɗi ta hanyar Guidepost Partners don rufewa . Wani mai karɓar kuɗi ne ke da alhakin sarrafa sauran kuɗin, kusan dala 1.&nbsp;biliyan, a cikin asusun Gabriel da Ariel, wani kuma yana da alhakin kula da Ascot, wanda jimlar dala $1.8 ta mallaka&nbsp;An yi asarar kadarorin biliyan a tsarin Ponzi na Madoff. An bai wa Jami'ar New York har zuwa ƙarshen Mayu 2009 don sake duba yarjejeniyar.  Merkin ya tara sama da dala $470&nbsp;miliyan don gudanar da asusu uku, Ariel, Gabriel da Ascot Partners, a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, wanda ya biya dala 405 daga ciki&nbsp;miliyan ga masu zuba jari bayan sun gano game da shirin Madoff. Asusun guda uku yana da kimanin dala $1.4&nbsp;kadarorin biliyan da suka rage a shekarar 2009 tare da kimanin dala 700&nbsp;miliyan a Ariel. 

A ranar 22 ga Yuni, 2012, Merkin ta amince ta biya dala $405 miliyan ga masu zuba jari a cikin asusun ajiyarsa ba tare da wani sakamakon zamba daga gare shi ba. Duk da haka, Picard ya kai ƙara a kotun fatarar kuɗi don dakatar da sulhun, yana mai cewa hakan ya kawo cikas ga ƙoƙarinsa na samun dala 500 miliyan daga Merkin da kuɗaɗensa ga sauran masu zuba jari. A ƙarshe, ƙarar Picard don dakatar da sulhun bai yi nasara ba.

## Manazarta