Samora michel

**Samora Moisés Machel** (29 Satumba 1933 - 19 Oktoba 1986) ɗan siyasan Mozambique ne kuma ɗan juyin juya hali. Dan gurguzu a al'adar *Marxism-Leninism*, ya kasance shugaban kasar Mozambique na farko daga samun 'yancin kai a shekarar 1975 har zuwa mutuwarsa a wani hatsarin jirgin sama a shekarar 1986. Rayuwar farko

## Rayuwar Farko
An haifi Machel a ƙauyen Madragoa (Chimbene na yau), Lardin Gaza, Mozambique, ga dangin manoma. Kakansa ya kasance babban abokin aikin Gungunhana. A ƙarƙashin mulkin Portuguese, mahaifinsa, kamar yawancin Baƙar fata Mozambican, an rarraba shi a matsayin "indígena" ( ɗan ƙasa). An tilasta masa ya karɓi farashi mai rahusa ga amfanin gonakinsa fiye da Fararen manoma; tilasta noman auduga mai ɗorewa, wanda ya ɗauki lokaci daga abincin da ake buƙata don iyalinsa; kuma an hana shi sanya alamar sa akan shanunsa don hana yin sata. Duk da haka, mahaifin Machel manomi ne mai nasara: ya mallaki garma huɗu da shanu 400 a shekara ta 1940. Machel ya girma a wannan ƙauyen noma kuma ya halarci makarantar firamare ta mishan. A shekarar 1942, an tura shi makaranta a garin Zonguene na lardin Gaza. Mishan Katolika ne suka gudanar da makarantar waɗanda suka koyar da yara cikin yare da al’adun Fotigal Duk da cewa ya kammala aji hudu, Machel bai kammala karatunsa na sakandare ba. Koyaya, yana da takaddun da ake buƙata don horarwa a matsayin ma'aikacin jinya a ko'ina cikin Portugal a lokacin, tunda makarantun jinya ba cibiyoyin ba da digiri ba ne.

Machel ya fara karatun aikin jinya a babban birnin Lourenço Marques (yau Maputo), ya fara a cikin 1954. A cikin shekarun 1950, ya ga wasu ƙasashe masu albarka a kusa da al'ummarsa na noma a kan kogin Limpopo wanda gwamnatin lardin ta keɓe kuma ya yi aiki da fararen fararen fata waɗanda suka haɓaka sabbin abubuwan more rayuwa ga yankin. Kamar sauran 'yan Mozambique da ke kusa da iyakar kudancin Mozambique, wasu danginsa sun je aiki a ma'adinan Afirka ta Kudu inda aka sami ƙarin guraben aikin yi. Ba da jimawa ba, wani ɗan uwansa ya mutu a wani hatsarin haƙar ma'adinai. Ya kasa kammala horo na yau da kullun a asibitin Miguel Bombarda da ke Lourenço Marques, ya sami aiki yana aiki a matsayin mataimaki a wannan asibiti kuma ya sami isasshen isa ya ci gaba da karatunsa a makarantar dare. Ya yi aiki a asibitin har ya bar kasar ya shiga gwagwarmayar kishin kasa ta Mozambique a makwabciyar kasar Tanzania. 

## Gwagwarmayar Yancin kai
Machel ya sha'awar akidar adawa da mulkin mallaka kuma ya fara ayyukansa na siyasa a asibitin Miguel Bombarda da ke Lourenço Marques, inda ya nuna rashin amincewarsa da yadda ake biyan ma'aikatan jinya bakar fata ba kasa da farar fata masu aiki iri daya ba. Machel ya yanke shawarar barin Lourenço Marques (Maputo), lokacin da wani farar fata anti-fascist, wakilin magunguna João Ferreira, ya gargade shi cewa 'yan sandan siyasa na Portugal, PIDE suna kallonsa. Ya zame ya ketare iyaka, kuma ya yi hanyarsa ta shiga FRELIMO a Dar es Salaam, ta Swaziland, Afirka ta Kudu da Botswana. A Botswana, ya daki wani jirgin sama dauke da ’yan jam’iyyar African National Congress (ANC) na Afirka ta Kudu zuwa Tanzaniya. Wani matashi dan kasar Mozambique ya burge shi, wani babban jami’in ANC J.B. Marks (a cewar Joe Slovo) ya yi karo da daya daga cikin ‘yan jam’iyyar ANC daga cikin jirgin domin barin Machel.

## Manazarta