open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
2025 Ruwan sama na Uttarakhand

**[[Uttarakhand]] Avalanche 2025** wani mummunan guguwa ne wanda ya buge sansanin Border Roads Organisation (BRO) a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, 2025, kusa da Ƙauyen Mana a Gundumar Chamoli ta Uttarakhan, Indiya. Ruwan ya binne ma'aikata 54 a cikin kwantena takwas da kuma zubar da ruwa a tsawo sama da ƙafa 10,000, kusa da iyakar Indiya da China. Lamarin ya faru ne tsakanin 5:30 AM da 6:00 AM IST, a cikin wani yanki da ke fuskantar ambaliyar ruwa da matsanancin yanayin hunturu.

## Ayyukan ceto
Rundunar 'yan sanda ta kan iyakar Indo-Tibetan (ITBP) ta jagoranci ayyukan ceto, tare da hadin gwiwar Sojojin Indiya, Sojojin Kasuwanci na Kasa (NDRF), da Sojojin Sama na Indiya. Fiye da ma'aikata 200 an tura su cikin aikin, suna fuskantar yanayin yanayi mai tsanani, dusar ƙanƙara mai tsanani, matsanancin sanyi (-12 ° C zuwa -15 ° C), da rashin ganuwa.

An yi amfani da kayan aiki na musamman, gami da kyamarori masu ɗaukar hoto na zafi, radar mai shiga ƙasa (GPR), karnuka masu tsami, da drones, don gano mutanen da aka kama. A ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, an ceto ma'aikata 33, sannan wasu 17 suka biyo baya a ranar 1 ga Maris. Koyaya, hudu daga cikin ma'aikatan da aka ceto sun mutu saboda raunin da ya faru, wanda ya kara yawan wadanda suka mutu zuwa takwas.

A ranar 2 ga Maris, 2025, an gano jikin ma'aikacin da ya ɓace na ƙarshe, yana nuna ƙarshen aikin ceto.

## Tasirin da sakamakonsa
Yawancin ma'aikatan da aka ceto sun sami mummunan rauni, tare da wasu a cikin mawuyacin hali. Wadanda suka tsira sun ba da labarin yadda ruwan sama ya buge ba zato ba tsammani, ya kama su a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara. Wasu ma'aikata sun tsira ta hanyar cin dusar ƙanƙara da neman mafaka a otal ɗin da ke kusa. Wadanda ke da mummunan rauni an kai su asibiti na AIIMS Rishikesh da asibitocin soja don magani.

## Yanayin ƙasa da muhalli
Ruwan ya faru ne a kusa da Mana Pass, wani yanki mai tsawo kusa da iyakar Indiya da China, wanda aka sani da yanayin hunturu mai tsanani da kuma yawan ruwaye. Ƙarin mita da tsananin raƙuman ruwa a cikin Himalayas an haɗa su da Canjin yanayi da yanayin yanayi mara tabbas. Lamarin ya nuna haɗarin da ma'aikata ke fuskanta a cikin ayyukan gine-gine masu tsawo da kuma buƙatar inganta matakan tsaro a cikin irin waɗannan yankuna masu rauni na muhalli.

## Manazarta
Canjin yanayi a Babban Birnin Australia

Canjin yanayi a Babban Birnin Australiya yana shafar mahalli da masana'antu daban-daban.

## Rashin iskar gas
Yankin da ke fitarwa ya kai tan miliyan 1.42 a shekara ta 2005 idan aka kwatanta da tan miliyan 1.28 a shekara ta 2022.

## Tasirin canjin yanayi

### Yanayi mai tsanani
Ana sa ran canjin yanayi zai kara yawan abin da gobarar daji, guguwa da ƙanƙara ke faruwa a yankin.

## Amsa

### Siyasa
Gwamnatin ACT ta sanya na'urorin hasken rana a dubban gidajen jama'a.  A cikin 2024, Jam'iyyar Labour, Greens da masu sassaucin ra'ayi duk sun himmatu wajen fadada zirga-zirgar jama'a a Canberra.  Transpot Canberra ya aiwatar da tsarin hada-hadar tikiti . 

### Shari'a

#### Dokar Canjin Yanayi da Rage Gas na 2010
 
Dokar Canjin Yanayi (Greenhouse Gas Emissions Targets) ita ce ta farko kuma har zuwa yanzu kawai shirin majalisa na yanayi da Jam'iyyar Liberal ta gabatar a jihar, yanki ko matakin tarayya. Wani nau'i mai karfi na lissafin ya zama wani ɓangare na yarjejeniyar hadin gwiwa tsakanin Jam'iyyar Labor da ACT Greens . 

Dokar ta kafa manufofi don rage hayaki idan aka kwatanta da matakan 1990 kamar haka: 

* 40% zuwa 2020
* 80% zuwa shekara ta 2050

Dokar ta buƙaci cewa hayaki na kowane mutum dole ne ya kai kololuwa a ranar 30 ga Yuni 2013.

A karkashin Dokar, Gwamnatin ACT ta kafa manufa ta rage fitar da hayaki na 50-60% daga matakan 1990 zuwa 2025 idan aka kwatanta da 1990, a matsayin wani ɓangare na dabarun canjin yanayi na 2019-2025. 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Ma'aikatar Harkokin Tattalin Arziki (Netherlands)

**Ma'aikatar Harkokin Tattalin Arziki** (Dutch: Ministerie van Economische Zaken; EZ) ita ce ma'aikatun Netherlands da ke da alhakin cinikayya ta duniya, kasuwanci, masana'antu, saka hannun jari, fasaha, Manufofin sararin samaniya, da kuma yawon bude ido.

An kirkiro Ma'aikatar a 1905 a matsayin Ma'aikatu ta Noma, Masana'antu da Kasuwanci kuma ta sami sauye-sauye da yawa kafin ta zama Ma'aunin Harkokin Tattalin Arziki a 1946. A cikin 2010 an haɗa Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona, Yanayi da Ingancin Abinci tare da Ma'aikatu ta Tattalin Arziki, wanda aka sake masa suna Ma'aunin Harkokin Tattalin Ruwa, Aikin Goma da Innovation. A cikin 2012 an sake sunan a matsayin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Tattalin Arziki amma ya ci gaba da alhakin tsohon Ma'aikatu na Aikin Gona. A cikin 2017, an sake dawo da Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona, Yanayi da Ingancin Abinci amma Ma'aikatu ta Tattalin Arziki ta ɗauki wasu fannoni na manufofin muhalli daga Ma'aikin Infrastructure da Muhalli, wanda aka sake masa suna Ma'aunin Infrastructures da Ruwa. An sake sunan Ma'aikatar Harkokin Tattalin Arziki da Manufofin Yanayi. An dawo da tsohon sunan a cikin 2024, lokacin da aka cire Ma'aikatar Manufofin Yanayi da Green Growth.

Ministan Harkokin Tattalin Arziki (Dutch) shine shugaban Ma'aikatar kuma memba na majalisar ministocin Netherlands. Ministan na yanzu shine Dirk Beljaarts wanda ke aiki tun watan Yulin 2024.

 

## Shirye-shiryen
Ma'aikatar a halin yanzu tana da Hukumomin Gwamnati guda biyar da kuma Daraktoci da yawa:

## Aikin
Manufar Ma'aikatar ita ce "tabbatar da ci gaban tattalin arziki mai ɗorewa a cikin Netherlands. " Yana mai da hankali kan mahimman fannoni na "Tattalin Arziki da kirkire-kirkire," "Gwamnati da kuzari" da kuma "Gwamnatin yin kasuwanci".

## Ƙungiya
Hakkin siyasa na ma'aikatar yana hannun Ministan Harkokin Tattalin Arziki wanda yake daga cikin majalisar ministocin Dutch. Mataimakin Minista, wanda ake kira Sakataren Gwamnati, yana aiki a matsayin na biyu a cikin umurni ga Ministan.

Ma'aikatar Harkokin Tattalin Arziki tana da sashen ma'aikatan gwamnati, wanda Sakatare Janar da Mataimakin Sakatare-Janar ke jagoranta. Ma'aikatar Harkokin Tattalin Arziki ta kunshi Daraktoci-Janar guda huɗu: Harkokin Tallafin Kasashen Waje, Manufofin Tattalin Ruwa, Makamashi da Sadarwa, da Kasuwanci da Innovation. Har ila yau, akwai wasu sassan tallafi.

## Shari'a
A watan Yunin 2015, biyo bayan karar da kungiyar ba da agaji ta Urgenda ta shigar, Kotun Gundumar Hague ta gano cewa Ma'aikatar ta keta aikinta na kulawa ba bisa ka'ida ba a karkashin Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam ta hanyar kasa magance canjin yanayi kuma ta umarci gwamnati da ta rage hayakin iskar gas. Maimakon haka, Ma'aikatar ta daukaka kara ga Kotun daukaka kara ta Hague, wacce ta yanke hukunci a kan Ma'aikatu a watan Oktoba 2018.  Ma'aikatar ta daukaka kara ga Kotun Koli ta Netherlands, inda Lauyan kotun da Procurator Janar suka sake fara mulki a kan Ma'aikatu.

## Manazarta
Polar Bowler

***Polar Bowler*** wasa ne na bidiyo wanda WildTangent ya kirkira don tsarin aiki na Microsoft Windows. An sake shi a shekara ta 2004 kuma WildTangent ne ya rarraba shi a cikin CD da ake kira Polar Games . An sake shi don Nintendo DS a cikin 2009.

Daga baya aka sake tunanin shi a matsayin *Polar Bowler 1st Frame* don wayoyin salula da kwamfutar hannu kuma an sake shi a cikin 2013. *Polar Bowler 1st Frame* ya sake gabatar da mai jefa kwallo a matsayin PB kuma ya gabatar da ma'aikacinsa, J. Mai kunnawa ya kaddamar da PB a kan hanyar bowling 10 kuma ya buga kwallo da yawa kamar yadda za su iya. Yayin da PB ke saurin sauka a kan hanya, mai kunnawa na iya jagorantar jagorancinsa. Lokaci-lokaci, akwatuna za su faɗi a tsakiyar hanyar bowling don mai kunnawa ya tattara su. A cikin akwatunan akwai haɓakawa (kamar Inflate, Snowball Throw, da Balloon Pop) ko masu yawa waɗanda ke bawa mai kunnawa damar samun matsayi mafi girma.

Wasan ba kawai ya dogara da zira kwallaye ba. Akwai tsarin zira kwallaye da ake kira "Polar Scoring" wanda ke nuna kwallaye bisa ga yawan fil da aka buga, saurin da aka buga su, buga bumpers sau da yawa, da dai sauransu. Wannan ci shine abin da ake bin diddigin a cikin allon jagora.

## Manazarta
Ravenspurn

**Ravenspurn** wani gari ne a Gabashin Riding na Yorkshire, Ingila, wanda ya ɓace saboda lalacewar bakin teku, ɗaya daga cikin fiye da 30 tare da Holderness Coast waɗanda suka ɓace zuwa Tekun Arewa tun daga karni na 19. Garin yana kusa da ƙarshen tsibirin kusa da Ravenser Odd, wanda ambaliyar ruwa ta cika a karni na 14. Har yanzu tsibirin yana nan kuma an san shi da Spurn Head . Tekun Arewa yana gabashin tsibirin, kogin Humber zuwa yamma.

Babban birni mafi kusa shine Kingston a kan Hull .

Yankin bakin teku an san shi da Holderness Coast; a fannin ilimin ƙasa an kafa ƙasar ne daga ma'adanai na kankara (layin dutse), waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin lalacewar bakin teku. Yanzu a teku, ana tono wuraren da ke kewaye da shafin don iskar methane.

Ravenspurn ya bayyana a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na William Shakespeare Richard II, Henry IV, Sashe na 1, da Henry VI, Sashe ya 3, a ƙarƙashin rubutun "Ravenspurgh".

Sarakuna biyu na Ingila na zamani sun sauka a Ravenspurn: Henry IV a cikin 1399, a kan hanyarsa ta kawar da Richard II, da Edward IV a cikin 1471, a kan hanyar dawowa daga gudun hijira a Netherlands, inda ubangijin yankin, Sir Martin de la See ya yi tsayayya da shi.

## Manazarta
Polar da Titanic Bear

***Polar the Titanic Bear*** littafi ne na yara da Margaretta "Daisy" Corning Spedden (née Stone) ta rubuta (19 Nuwamba 1871 - 10 Fabrairu 1950) kuma aka sake shi a cikin 1994. Spedden yar gadon Amurka ce wacce ta tsira daga nutsewar a shekarar 1912, kuma labarinta game da bala'in danginta, bala'i na shekaru bakwai, bala'i da bala'i na shekaru bakwai. An buga kimanin shekaru 45 bayan mutuwarta. An kuma ba da labarin ne daga mahangar Teddy Bear. 

## Yadda aka rubuta labarin
An haifi Spedden a Morristown, New Jersey kuma ta zauna tare da mijinta Frederic da ɗanta Douglas a Tuxedo Park, New York . Iyalin sun yi tafiya akai-akai, kuma ta adana cikakkun bayanai game da tafiye-tafiye.

A watan Afrilu, 1912, Speddens sun yi rajistar hanyar *Titanic*. Bayan jirgin ya nutse, RMS  ta ceci Daisy. Dukkanin mambobin ƙungiyar Spedden sun tsira daga bala'in. A shekara ta gaba, Spedden ya rubuta kuma ya kwatanta wani littafi wanda ya ba da labarin tafiyar, nutsewa, da ceto daga ra'ayi na Douglas 'Teddy Bear .  Ta ba da littafin labarin ga Douglas a matsayin kyautar Kirsimeti. Shekaru uku bayan haka, Douglas ya mutu a hatsarin mota. Daisy ta mutu a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, 1950, kuma littafin labarin ya kasance cikin dukiyar iyali na shekaru arba'in masu zuwa.

## Bugawa
Bayan shekaru da yawa, Leighton H. Coleman III, dangi na Spedden, ya sami littafin labarin a cikin akwati, kuma ya yanke shawarar buga shi. Hugh Brewster na Madison Books a Toronto, Ontario ne ya shirya labarin, kuma an zaɓi ɗan wasan Kanada Laurie McGaw don kwatanta littafin a cikin ruwa. Coleman ya rubuta gabatarwa yana bayanin yadda labarin ya faru. An kuma yi amfani da wasu hotunan Spedden da hotuna na abubuwan tunawa na Titanic a matsayin zane-zane. Madison Books ta buga bugu na farko a shekarar 1994.

Buga:

* Littattafan Madison, 1994 
* Little Brown da Kamfanin, 1994, 2001.  ( ).  
* Littattafan Masana, 1998
* Hodder Headline, 1998 ( ) 
* Sakamakon Sagebrush, 2001.  ( ) 

An fassara littafin zuwa Jamusanci, Mutanen Espanya, Yaren mutanen Holland da Jafananci.

## Kyaututtuka
Polar the Titanic Bear ya lashe kyaututtuka da yawa don wallafe-wallafen yara, gami da:

* Kyautar Silver Birch ta Ontario Library Association 
* 1998 BILBY Award (Matasa Masu Karatu) (Australia) 
* Kyautar Society of School Librarians don Littafin Mafi Kyawun Duniya don K-6
* Wanda ya kammala a kyautar Gwamna Janar ta 1994 (Kanada), don hotunan Laurie McGaw
* 1995 - Kyautar Zaɓin Yara.

## Manazarta
Ma'aikatar Yanayi da Muhalli (Norway)

**Ma'aikatar Yanayi da Muhalli ta Royal Norway** (Norwegian) ma'aikatarta ce ta Norway da aka kafa a ranar 8 ga Mayu 1972. Ma'aikatar Yanayi da Muhalli tana da takamaiman alhakin aiwatar da manufofin yanayi da muhalli na Gwamnati. Kafin 2014 sunan shine **Ma'aikatar Muhalli** (Norwegian: *Miljøverndepartementet*). 

Ministan Yanayi da Muhalli ne ke jagoranta, a halin yanzu Andreas Bjelland Eriksen (Jam'iyyar Ma'aikata) tun 2023. Ma'aikatar ta ba da rahoto ga majalisa (Storting).

## Shirye-shiryen

### Ma'aikatan siyasa
Ya zuwa 20 ga Nuwamba 2023, ma'aikatan siyasa na ma'aikatar sune kamar haka 

* Minista Andreas Bjelland Eriksen (Jam'iyyar Labour) 
* Sakataren Gwamnati Ragnhild Sjoner Syrstad (Jam'iyyar Ma'aikata) 
* Sakataren Gwamnati Kjersti Bjørnstad (Jam'iyyar Labour) 
* Mai ba da shawara kan siyasa Maria Varteressian (Jam'iyyar Labour) 

### Sashen
Ma'aikatar ta kasu kashi shida da kuma sashen bayanai: 

* Ma'aikatar Canjin Yanayi
* Ma'aikatar Gudanar da Al'adun Al'adu
* Ma'aikatar Gudanar da Ruwa da Kula da Ruwan Ruwan Ruwa
* Ma'aikatar Gudanar da Halitta
* Ma'aikatar Harkokin Kungiyoyi
* Ma'aikatar Shirye-shiryen
* Sashe na Bayani

### Rukunin reshe
A karkashin ma'aikatar akwai hukumomin gudanarwa guda biyar 

* Daraktan Al'adun Al'adu na Norway

* Asusun Al'adun Al'adu na Norway
* Cibiyar Bayanai ta Biodiversity ta Norway
* Cibiyar Norway game da Ruwa
* Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Norway
* Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi ta Norway
* Cibiyar Kula da Ƙasashen Norway
* Asusun Kare Muhalli na Svalbard

## Manazarta
Ambaliyar ruwa ta Balrampur ta 2022

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2022, ruwan sama mai yawa ya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa a Balrampur, a cikin jihar Indiya ta Uttar Pradesh .    Fiye da ƙauyuka 1300 sun shafi ambaliyar.

## Tasirin
An shafi ƙauyuka 287 a gundumar Balrampur kamar Jagtapurwa, Panditpurwa, Johvahna, Kalandarpur, Kodari, Gangapur, Lalpur, Phagunia, Jogiya Kalan, Lalnagar, Durgapur da Shernagar.

## Manazarta
Canjin yanayi a Cambodia

Kambodiya tana da matukar damuwa ga tasirin Canjin yanayi. Abubuwan da suka faru na matsanancin yanayi za su faru akai-akai; wannan ya haɗa da ambaliyar ruwa, wanda ya riga ya shafi mazauna 90,000 a kowace shekara, da kuma guguwar zafi, tare da Cambodia tuni tana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman yanayin zafi a duniya. Yawan zafin jiki ya karu tun daga shekarun 1960 da 0.18 ° C a kowace shekara goma. Yana da 7th mafi ƙarancin CO2 a Asiya a cikin 2019. &nbsp;

Canjin yanayi yana haifar da karuwa fari a Cambodia, wanda ke da babban tasiri a kan Tonlé Sap da Mekong deltas. Wadannan tsarin ruwa suna da matukar muhimmanci ga ruwa, noma da kamun kifi a kasar. Jama'ar Cambodia suna da tasiri ta hanyar karuwar ambaliyar ruwa, Guguwa ta wurare masu zafi da cututtukan da ke cikin ruwa, kuma suna da matukar damuwa saboda yawan talauci.

## Rashin iskar gas

A cikin 2020 Cambodia ta ba da rahoton 15.33 mt a cikin iskar CO  kuma tana da alhakin 0.04% a cikin 2019 da jimlar 0.01% na iskar CO  na duniya. Yawan iskar CO  na kowane mutum  2019 ya kasance 0.97t tun  an sami babban haɓakar CO CO   da haɓakar 192.69% tsakanin 2013 da 

## Tasirin yanayi

### Yanayin zafi da sauye-sauyen yanayi

Yawan zafin jiki ya karu da 0.18 °C a kowace shekara goma tun 1980. Cambodia ta riga ta sami daya daga cikin mafi girman yanayin zafi a duniya tare da 35 ° C da aka rubuta na kwanaki 64 a shekara a cikin ƙasa. Wadannan yanayin zafi za su tashi a duk yanayin RCP wanda zai iya haifar da damuwa ta dindindin. Halin fari a cikin 2080-2099 zai tashi daga 4% a kowace shekara zuwa 5-9% a ƙarƙashin duk abubuwan da suka faru.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Ruwan sama na yau da kullun zai iya ƙaruwa da ƙarfi. Kimanin mutane 90,000 ne ke fuskantar ambaliyar ruwa a kowace shekara a Cambodia, a cikin yanayin RCP 8.5 wannan zai karu zuwa mutane 160,000 a kowace shekara. Binciken da Bankin Duniya ya yi ya yi sa ran cewa a cikin 2050 kashi 19% na yawan jama'a za su fuskanci ambaliyar ruwa.

### Ruwa

Babban batun canjin yanayi ga Cambodia shine tasirin da yake da shi a kan tafkin Tonlé Sap da tsarin kogin Mekong. Canjin yanayi zai shafi kwararar ruwa a cikin ƙasar kuma ya kara yawan fari. Dam din wutar lantarki ya kara tsananta matsalar.

## Tasirin da aka yi wa mutane
Tasirin a kan tafkin Tonlé Sap da Mekong za su sami tasiri sosai ga noma da kamun kifi a kasar. Jama'ar Kambodiya, waɗanda ke da babban talauci, suna da matukar damuwa ga tasirin canjin yanayi a kan Guguwa ta wurare masu zafi, ambaliyar ruwa da cututtukan da ke cikin ruwa.

UNICEF ta sanya Cambodia a matsayi na 46 daga cikin 163 da suka kimanta akan tasirin canjin yanayi a kan matasa. An sanya Cambodia a matsayin kasar da ke da haɗari sosai a cikin rahoton. Matasa a Cambodia sun riga sun fuskanci karancin ruwa, ambaliyar kogi da cututtukan da ke yaduwa wanda zai iya kara muni tare da tasirin canjin yanayi.

## Ragewa da daidaitawa
Gwamnatin Kambodiya ta yi alkawarin rage hayaki da kashi 41.7% a cikin 2030.[1

## Manazarta
Tsibirin Voronina

**Tsibirin Voronina** ko Tsibirin Voronin (Russian: **Tsibirin Voronina**, **Ostrova Voronina** ko tsibirin Voronine, **Ostrov Voronina**) rukuni ne na tsibiri guda biyu wanda ya ƙunshi tsibiri mafi girma da kuma karamin tsibiri a gefen arewa wanda aka raba shi da sauti mai faɗin kilomita 3.&nbsp;

Babban tsibirin Voronina yana da kimanin kilomita 9 da faɗin kilomita 6 kuma an rufe shi da ciyayi da kankara. Tsibirin arewa yana da kunkuntar, kimanin kilomita 5 a tsawon kuma kadan fiye da mita 500 a faɗin. Wadannan tsibirai suna cikin yankunan arewa maso gabashin Tekun Kara, kimanin kilomita 130 a yammacin bakin tekun Severnaya Zemlya da kilomita 72 NNE na tsibirin Kirov na ƙungiyar Kirov. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Tekun da ke kewaye da waɗannan tsibirai biyu masu zaman kansu an rufe su da kankara a cikin hunturu kuma akwai kankara da yawa har ma a lokacin rani, wanda ke ɗaukar watanni biyu kawai. Yanayin yana da tsanani sosai har akwai shekaru inda a tsibirin Voronina ruwan da ke kewaye da Tekun Kara ba ya narkewa kuma ya kasance mai daskarewa a lokacin rani.

Wannan rukunin tsibirin na cikin sashin gudanarwa na Krasnoyarsk Krai na Tarayyar Rasha. Voronina kuma wuri ne na kiwo ga bears da kuma mafaka na namun daji wani bangare ne na Babban Yankin Yanayi na Jihar Arctic, mafi girman wurin ajiyar yanayi na Arctic na Rasha.

An sanya wa tsibirin Voronina suna bayan Kyaftin din Sojan Ruwa na Soviet Vladimir Voronin . Tun da "Voronina" asalin Rasha ne, haɗin "Voronin Islands" ba daidai ba ne. Duk da haka, sunan "Voronina Island" (ko "Islands") ya zama sananne kuma an yi amfani da shi sosai ta wannan hanyar shekaru da yawa kuma a cikin taswirar zamani da yawa. "Voronin Islands", wanda zai zama hanyar da ta dace don kiran waɗannan tsibirai a Turanci, ana amfani dashi da wuya.

## Manazarta
Ministan Canjin Yanayi

**Minista Canjin Yanayi** minista ne a cikin Gwamnatin New Zealand tare da alhakin manufofin canjin yanayi. An kafa matsayin ne a shekara ta 2005 a matsayin **Ministan da ke da alhakin Batutuwan Canjin Yanayi**, amma an riga an gabatar da shi da rawar da ba ta dace ba na Kwamitin Ministoci kan Canjin Yanayin, wanda Ministan Makamashi Pete Hodgson ya gudanar.

Ministan na yanzu shine Simon Watts . 

## Ayyuka
Ministan Canjin Yanayi yana da alhakin kai tsaye ga jagorancin manufofin canjin yanayi gaba ɗaya a cikin gida da na duniya. Wannan ya haɗa da alhakin Shirin Kasuwancin Kasuwanci na New Zealand a ƙarƙashin Dokar Canjin Yanayi ta 2002 da kuma saita kasafin kuɗi na fitar da hayaki da shirya shirye-shiryen daidaitawa na ƙasa a ƙarƙashin Dokar Kwaskwarimar Canjin Yanayin Yanayi (Zero Carbon) ta 2019. 

A karkashin Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi, Ministan yana da alhakin wakiltar New Zealand a tattaunawar kasa da kasa kan canjin yanayi.

## Jerin ministoci

### Ministan Canjin Yanayi

; Maɓalli

### Ministan Tattaunawar Canjin Yanayi na Duniya
An kafa alhakin ma'aikatar daban-daban don Tattaunawar Canjin Yanayi ta Duniya a karkashin Gwamnatin Kasa ta Biyar, da farko ta hanyar Matsayin Mataimakin Minista sannan kuma a matsayin cikakken Minista. Ayyukan da ke da alaƙa da wannan fayil ɗin an haɗa su a cikin fayil ɗin Batutuwan Canjin Yanayi a cikin 2012, bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci wanda Tim Groser ya riƙe duka fayilolin biyu. A lokacin, Firayim Minista John Key ya bayyana cewa dalilin canjin taken shine don magance kuskuren diflomasiyya: "Gaskiyar ita ce wani bangare ne a cikin ma'anar cewa lokacin da ya fito a wannan taron, mutane suna kallon shi kuma suna cewa idan kai mataimakin minista ne, ina ministan yake?' Kuma ba shakka idan ya zo ga tattaunawar kasa da kasa, shi ne ministan.

## Manazarta
Dokar Canjin Yanayi ta 2022 (Australia)

**Dokar Canjin Yanayi ta 2022** (No. 37) wani aiki ne na Majalisar Dokokin Ostiraliya wanda ya kafa manufofi na canjin yanayi.

## Tarihi
Dokar ita ce dokar yanayi ta farko ta tarayya ta Australia na tsawon shekaru goma.

## Shirye-shiryen
Dokar ta ba da umarnin cewa Ostiraliya ta rage hayakin iskar gas da kashi 43% nan da shekara ta 2030. Hukumar Canjin Yanayi ta ba da umarni don ba da shawarar rage fitar da hayaki don 2035 kuma kowane shekaru biyar daga wannan lokacin. Tare da burin fitar da hayaki a cikin 2050.

Dole ne gwamnatin tarayya ta buga rahoto na shekara-shekara game da cin zarafinta game da cimma wadannan manufofi.

## Aiwatarwa
Don aiwatar da dokar, gwamnati ta kuma ba da shawarar buƙatar bangarori masu gurɓataccen gurɓata don rage hayakin su.

Sanarwar shekara-shekara ta farko da aka yi a karkashin dokar an buga ta ne a ranar 1 ga Disamba 2022.

## Karɓar baƙi
Mataimakin shugaban kwamitin Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ya bayyana shi a matsayin babban ci gaba a kan gwamnatin da ta gabata. Gavan McFadzean, manajan shirin yanayi na Gidauniyar Kare Yanayi ta Australia, ya goyi bayan dokar kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mai ƙarfafawa" cewa 'yan majalisa na tarayya na Australia suna ɗaukar canjin yanayi "mai tsanani".

Green sun bayyana shi a matsayin "ƙaramin mataki" wajen magance canjin yanayi kuma hadin gwiwar ta bayyana shi a cikin "sabon layin jan tef" a kan tattalin arzikin Ostiraliya.

## Manazarta
Gidan shakatawa na ƙauyen

Zauren ƙauye akwai gini  na jama'a a ƙauye wanda ke aiki a matsayin cibiyar al'umma ba tare da alaƙar addini ba.

## Ƙasar Ingila

A Burtaniya, zauren kauye ginin wanda mallakar karamar hukuma ne ko kuma amintattu masu zaman kansu, kuma ana gudanar da shi ne don amfanin al'ummar yankin.  An kiyasta cewa akwai fiye da 10,000 irin waɗannan ɗakunan ƙauyen.[1]  Yawancin an gina su ne a cikin shekaru goma na farko bayan yakin duniya na daya (1919-1929) a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin da sabuwar majalisar da aka kafa ta National Council of Social Service..

Ana amfani da irin wannan zauren don ayyuka daban-daban na jama'a da masu zaman kansu, kamar:

* Taron majalisa na Ikklisiya
* Tashar zabe don zaɓen gida da na ƙasa
* Wasanni da kungiyoyin motsa jiki - badminton na yau da kullun
* Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo na cikin gida
* Waƙoƙi
* Tallace-tallace
* Bincike na sirri kamar ranar haihuwar ko bukukuwan aure

Kwamitoci ne ke gudanar da zauren ƙauyuka, kuma idan ba a riga an haɗa su da karamar hukuma ba kamar majalisa, to irin waɗannan kwamitocin sun cancanci matsayin sadaka. Suna iya samun wasu sunaye kamar Cibiyar Garin ko Gidan Tunawa. A wasu yankuna zauren coci ko Cibiyar al'umma tana ba da irin wannan ayyuka.

Yawanci zauren zai ƙunshi aƙalla babban ɗaki ɗaya, wanda zai iya samun mataki a gefe ɗaya don shirya wasan kwaikwayo.  Sau da yawa akwai kicin don shirya abinci da bandakuna a gefe guda.  Manyan dakuna na iya haɗawa da ƙananan ɗakuna don ba da damar ayyuka da yawa na lokaci guda.

### Wales
Ana amfani da kalmar *neuadd* (IPA: /'neiæð/) don komawa ga dakunan dakuna na ƙauye a sassan Welsh na Wales, kamar a , zauren ƙauyen a Aberdyfi . 

A Amurka, zauren ƙauye shine wurin zama na gwamnati ga ƙauyuka. Yana aiki sosai a matsayin zauren gari ko zauren gari.

## Dubi kuma

* Gidan coci
* Cibiyar Jama'a
* Gidan taro
* Al'ummar yankin
* Gidan taro
* Gidan wasan kwaikwayo
* Gidan Gida na Gida (jerin talabijin)

## Manazarta
Shirin Kyautar Green

**Green Legacy Initiative** wata hukuma ce ta Habasha wacce ta mai da hankali kan sake dazuzzuka da maido da shimfidar wurare a Habasha . Firayim Minista Abiy Ahmed ya yi wa hukumar abincin rana a shekarar 2019. Sun mai da hankali ne kan tsara manyan bishiyoyi a cikin birni da karkara, inganta yanayin yanayi a cikin al'umma.    

## Manazarta
Amobi Yinusa Akintola

**Amobi Yinusa Akintola** ɗan siyasar Najeriya ne. Ya yi aiki a matsayin memba wanda ke wakiltar Mazaɓar Tarayya na Avedire/Iwo/Ola-Oluwa a Majalisar Wakilai. An haife shi a shekarar 1962, ya fito ne daga Jihar Osun. An zabe shi a cikin Majalisa a zaben 2019 a karkashin All Progressives Congress (APC).  

## Manazarta
Ogunniyi David Oluwaseun

**Ogunniyi David Oluwaseun** ma'aikacin Najeriya ne kuma ɗan siyasa wanda ke wakiltar mazabar Ojomu/Balgun, yankin karamar hukuma ta Offa a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Kwara.  

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Ogunniyi a ranar 24 ga watan Yuni 1977 a Offa, karamar hukumar Offa na Jihar Kwara Najeriya. Ya yi karatun kimiyyar kwamfuta (Computer science) a Kwara State Polytechnic, inda ya sami Digiri na Kasa(HND). Daga baya ya sami digiri na farko daga Jami'ar Covenant ta Otta, Jihar Ogun inda ya yi karatun digiri na farko akan Manufofi da Nazarin dabaru, sannan ya sami digiri na biyu a cikin rikici, zaman lafiya, da Nazarin Dabaru, daga Jami'an Afe Babalola, Ado-Ekiti, Jihar Ekiti. 

## Sana'a
Ogunniyi masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta ne kuma mai gudanarwa wanda ya shiga siyasa, a baya ya yi aiki ne a matsayin Daraktan gudanarwa na Kasa da kuma Shugaban Yammacin Afirka na kamfanin Fortune 500 na Amurka. Kafin zaɓensa a matsayin memba na Majalisar dokoki ta 10 a Jihar Kwara a karkashin dandalin All Progressive Congress a cikin babban zaɓen shekarar 2023. 

## Manazarta
Hakki na al'ada da na tasiri

Haƙƙi na al'ada da tasiri yana nufin bambancin da ke tsakanin haƙƙin ka'idoji na doka da haƙƙin da za a iya aunawa a cikin manufofi da aka aiwatar. An yi jayayya cewa rata tsakanin ra'ayoyin biyu ya samo asali ne daga matsalolin fahimtar ra'ayoyi na ka'idoji zuwa haƙƙin sarrafawa. Har ila yau, yayin da akwai yarjejeniya mafi girma game da haƙƙoƙin da aka tsara, saboda wani ɓangare na dalilai na diflomasiyya, ainihin tsarin aiwatarwa ya fi rikitarwa.

## Dubi kuma

* Hakkin da'awar da' yanci
* 'Yancin Dan Adam

## References
Sunday Oladimeji

Sunday Oladimeji ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne. Ya yi aiki a matsayin memba wanda ya ke wakiltar Mazaɓar Tarayya na Ado Ekiti/Erepodun-Ifelodun a Majalisar Wakilai ta Tarayyar Najeriya. An haife shi a shekarar 1963, ya fito ne daga Jihar Ekiti. An zabe shi a cikin Majalisar Dokoki a zaben shekarar 2015 a karkashin Jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party (PDP). 

## Manazarta
Joseph Ceesay

**Lars Joseph Ceesay** (an haife shi a ranar 3  ga  watan Yunin shekara ta 1998) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya na ƙungiyar Italiya Serie B Empoli .  An haife shi a Sweden, yana wakiltar Gambiya government a matakin kasa da kasa.

## Ayyukan kulob din
Ceesay ya fara buga kwallon kafa a Hässelby SK .  A   shekara ta 2008 ya koma IF Brommapojkarna, wanda aka fi sani da makarantar matasa. A lokacin rani na  shekara ta 2013, Ceesay ya koma wani kulob a Yankin Stockholm, Djurgården . A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2016  ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar A-team ta farko tare da Djurgården; kwangilar shekaru 3.5. A lokacin bazara na shekara ta 2017,  an ba da rancensa ga Vasalunds IF kuma ya zira kwallaye a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2017 a kan Enskede IK .

A watan Yulin  2017, an ba da rancen Ceesay ga IK Frej don sauran kakar shekarar 2017. A watan Disamba, an tsawaita rancen har zuwa karshen shekara ta  2018. An kira shi zuwa Djurgården a watan Yulin shekarar 2018,  kawai don a tura shi aro zuwa IK Brage wata daya bayan haka.  A watan Janairun shekarar ta 2019 an sake ba da rancensa, a wannan lokacin ga Dalkurd, don kakar shekarar ta 2019. 

A ranar 29 ga  watan Nuwamba shekarar ta 2019, ya sanya hannu tare da Helsingborgs IF kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu. 

A ranar 11 ga watan Yulin shekarar ta 2022, Ceesay ya sanya hannu tare da Malmö FF.

A ranar 23 ga watan Maris shekarar ta 2024, an yanke shawarar cewa Ceesay zai shiga IFK Norrköping a kan aro har zuwa lokacin canja wurin bazara. Ya koma Malmö FF bayan ya ki amincewa  da tsawaita rancen, duk da sha'awar kungiyoyin biyu don ya kasance.

A ranar 24 ga watan Yulin shekarar ta 2024, sabbin 'yan wasan Jerin B Cesena sun sanar da cewa Ceesay ya shiga aro tare da zaɓi don saya.

A ranar 16 ga watan Yulin shekarar ta 2025, Ceesay ya shiga kungiyar Empoli ta Serie B har abada.

## Ayyukan kasa da kasa
An haife shi a Sweden,  Ceesay ya fito ne daga asalin Gambiya. A ranar 5 ga watan Oktoba shekarar ta 2020, an kira shi zuwa sansanin horar da tawagar Sweden U21 a Helsingborg)" id="mwVw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Olympia (Helsingborg)">Olympia, Helsingborg .  Bai bayyana a wasannin cancantar UEFA Euro U-21 da aka shirya ba da Luxembourg  da Armenia. 

Ceesay ya fara  bugawa tawagar Gambiya wasa a ranar 4 ga watan Satumba watan 2024 a gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka da Comoros a Filin wasa na Ben M'Hamed El Abdi, Morocco . Ya buga cikakken wasan yayin da ya ƙare a 1-1 draw.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Yayansa Jesper Ceesay yana buga government wa IFK Norrköping wasa.

## Daraja
**Malmö FF**

* Allsvenskan: 2023

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Anderson Silva (mai wasan ƙwallon ƙafa)

Anderson Oliveira Silva** (an haife shi a ranar 21  ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1997) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Brazil wanda ke taka leda  a matsayin mai gaba ga Pafos .

== Ayyukan sana'a ==
A ranar 19 ga watan Yulin shekarar ta 2017, Anderson ya sanya hannu tare  da Famalicão .  Anderson ya fara bugawa Famalicão wasa na farko a wasan 1-0 na LigaPro a kan U.D. Oliveirense a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta shekarar ta 2017.  Andersoon ya zira kwallaye 9 a wasanni 30 yayin da Famalicao ya kammala a matsayi na biyu a LigaPro a shekarar 2019, inda ya sami ci gaba zuwa saman jirgin don bayyanar su ta farko a cikin shekaru government 25. Anderson ya fara kakar wasa mai zuwa a kan benci a bayan Toni Martínez, sa hannun bazara daga West Ham United a Ingila. Koyaya, ya zira kwallaye a farkon jirginsa na farko  a cikin nasara a kan Santa Clara a ranar 10  ga watan Agusta a farkon karshen mako na kakar. Anderson ya zira kwallaye 4 daga benci yayin da kulob din ya fara kakar ba tare da an ci nasara ba ta wasanni bakwai  da kuma saman teburin. Wannan ya hada da kwallaye biyu a kan Belenenses SAD a ranar 28 ga watan Satumba don samun nasara 3-1. An ba Anderson farawa na farko a saman jirgin don wasan kulob din na gaba, ganawa da Porto, wadanda suka kasance daya a bayan Famalicão, a ranar 27 ga watan Oktoba. Anderson ya dauki sama da awa daya kafin a maye gurbinsa da Nicolás Schiappacasse a cikin nasara 3-0. An sauke shi zuwa benci don wasan kulob din na gaba government kwana huɗu bayan haka, amma ya zira kwallaye a nasarar da suka samu 2-1  a kan Gil Vicente.

A ranar 31 ga watan Yulin shekarar ta 2021, Anderson ya shiga Kungiyar Super League ta kasar Sin Beijing Guoan .  Anderson ya bar Beijing Guoan bayan kakar shekarar ta 2021.

A ranar 20 ga Mayu shekarar ta 2022, Anderson ya sanya hannu tare da Vitoria de Guimarães . 

A ranar 4 ga watan Yulin shekarar ta 2023, Anderson ya sanya hannu a kulob din Super Lig Alanyaspor kan kwangilar  shekaru hudu.

A ranar 13 ga watan Yulin shekarar ta 2024, kulob din Cypriot na farko Pafos ya sanar da sanya hannu kan government aro na Anderson daga Alanyaspor .  A ranar 23 ga watan Yuni shekarar 2025, Pafos ya ba  da sanarwar sanya hannu na dindindin na Anderson daga Alanyaspor, a kan kwangila har zuwa lokacin rani na  shekarar ta 2028. 

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Shi ɗan tagwaye  ne na André Clóvis . 

== Kididdigar aiki ==




== Daraja ==
**Pafos'''

* Sashe na Farko na Cyprus: 2024-252024–25

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje

*
JUSCANZ

**Rukunin JUSCANZ** wata ƙungiya ce marar tsari, wadda ke haɗa ƙasashe masu ra'ayi iri ɗaya don musayar bayani a Majalisar Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Ƙarfafa 'Yancin Dan Adam da kuma wasu hukumomin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, kamar Kwamitocin na Biyu da na Uku, da kuma Hukumar Kasuwanci da Ci gaba ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (UNCTAD). A tsarin Rukunin Yankuna na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, ana ɗaukar JUSCANZ a matsayin ƙaramin rukunin cikin **Rukunin Yammacin Turai da Wasu (WEOG)**, domin mafi yawan mambobinta na cikin wannan Rukuni ne. Manufarta ita ce ta daidaita tasirin ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai a cikin harkokin WEOG.

Sunan ƙungiyar ya samo asali ne daga gajeriyar haruffan sunayen ƙasashen da suka kafa ta: Japan, Amurka, Kanada, Ostareliya da New Zealand.

## Matsayi
Rukuni na JUSCANZ babban aikinsa shi ne kasancewa wata hanya ta musayar bayanai a Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. Ba kamar Rukunin Yankuna na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ba, JUSCANZ ba wata hanyar daidaita manufofi ba ce.

## Manbobi
Mambobin Kungiyar

Duk da yake ba a daidaita membobin kungiyar ba, kuma membobinta sun bambanta a cikin tarihinta, manyan mambobin da suka shiga tarurrukan kungiyar sun hada da 

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Gidan ƙauyen (Sheffield, Illinois)

Gidan gidan  tarihi ne  wanda ke kan titin Kudu na 239 a Illinois" id="mwIQ"le="Sheffield, Illinois">Sheffield, Illinois . An gina ginin ne a cikin 1910 don maye gurbin zauren ƙauyen na asali, wanda aka gina a cikin 1887 amma ya zama karami ga ƙauyen. Architect George Franklin Barber ya tsara ginin; yayin da aka san Barber a cikin ƙasa saboda tsarin zama na gidan waya, Gidan Garin yana ɗaya daga cikin ayyukansa na gari. Zanewar Barber yayi amfani da abubuwan Neoclassical sosai, gami da ginshiƙan farar ƙasa da ke gefen ƙofar, cornice da entablature tare da layin rufin, jack arches akan tagogin bene na farko, da grille na Roman sama da ƙofar shiga da tagogin bene na biyu.  Ginin ya kuma ƙunshi baka na Romanesque da ke kewaye da babbar ƙofar da Victorian a cikin hasumiya ta tsakiya..
Matthew Levinger

Matthew Levinger (an haife shi a shekara ta 1960) masanin tarihi Amurka ne. Shi Farfesa ne na Bincike na Harkokin Kasa da Kasa kuma Darakta na Shirin Nazarin Tsaro na Kasa a Makarantar Harkokin Kasa ta Duniya ta Jami'ar George Washington

## Karatu da Aiki
Levinger ya sami B.A. (1983) daga Kwalejin Haverford da MA da Ph.D. (1992) a Tarihi daga Jami'ar Chicago . Ya koyar a Makarantar Hackley da ke Tarrytown, NY (1983-85) kuma ya kasance malami a Jami'ar Stanford (1991-94). Ya kasance Mataimakin (1994-2000) da abokin aikin(2000-2005) Farfesa na Tarihi a Kwalejin Lewis & Clark a Portland, Oregon. Binciken da ya yi da koyarwarsa sun mayar da hankali kan tarihin kishin kasa da Ka'idar siyasa ta juyin juya hali a Turai ta zamani, da kuma Tarihin kisan kare dangi a cikin karni na ashirin.

**Shi ne marubucin littafin** *Conflict Analysis: Understanding Causes, Unlocking Solutions* (USIP, 2013), **da kuma** *Enlightened Nationalism: The Transformation of Prussian Political Culture, 1806-1848* (Oxford, 2000), **kuma shi ne haɗa-gwiwar marubucin** *The Revolutionary Era, 1789-1850* (Norton, 2002).

Daga Janairu 2003 zuwa Janairu 2004, ya kasance William C. Foster Fellow a Ma’aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, inda ya yi aiki kan shirye-shiryen gaggawa da hana aikata laifukan kisan kiyashi a Ofishin Harkokin Siyasa da Soji da kuma Ofishin Bincike da Nazari.

A shekara ta 2004-2005, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Gidan Tarihin Holocaust na Amurka, yana haɓaka tsare-tsare don Kwalejin Rigakafin Kisan kare dangi. Daga 2005 zuwa 2007, Levinger ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan Kwalejin Rigakafin Kisan kiyashi a Gidan Tarihin Holocaust na Amurka daga 2005 zuwa 2007. A wannan lokacin ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ƙaddamar da Ƙungiyar Rigakafin Kisan Kai, wanda tsohon Sakataren Gwamnati Madeleine Albright da tsohon Sakatare na Tsaro William Cohen suka jagoranci. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2008 rundunar ta fitar da wani rahoto mai taken "Kariya ga Kisan kiyashi: Tsarin ga Masu Gudanar da Dokokin Amurka".

Daga 2008 zuwa 2012 ya kasance Babban Jami'in Shirin a Cibiyar Zaman Lafiya ta Amurka .

## Dubi kuma
* Kisan kiyashi
* Kisan gilla

## Manazarta
 
## Haɗin waje
Gidan Tarihin Holocaust na Amurka
Ɗauki

Grab na iya nufin:dasuki

 

## Wuraren da aka yi

### Bosnia da Herzegovina

* Rubuce-rubuce, Ljubuški
* Ɗauki, Trebinje
* Ɗauki, Trnovo

### Croatia

* Grab, Split-Dalmatia County, ƙauye kusa da Trilj
* Grab (kogin) , kogi kusa da Grab, Split-Dalmatia CountyGrab, gundumar Split-Dalmatia
* Grab, Zadar County, ƙauyen kusa da Gračac

### Kosovo

* Grab (ƙwanƙwasa) 

### Montenegro

* Ɗauki, Bijelo Polje

### Poland

* Grab, Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship
* Grab, Gundumar Pleszew, Babban Poland Voivodeship
* Grab, yankin Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland

### Serbia

* Rubuce-rubuce, Lučani

### Amurka

* Ɗauki, Kentucky

## Mutane

* Grab (sunan mahaifi) , jerin mutane
* Grab (ispán), jami'in Hungary a karni na 11

## Fasahar

* Grab (kamfani) , kamfani ne na fasaha na kasa da kasa, mai haɓaka babban aikace-aikace
* Grab (macOS) , aikace-aikacen hoton allo
* Grab (kayan aiki) , na'urar inji
* Galactic Radiation and Background, ko GRAB, jerin tauraron dan adam na leken asiri na lantarki wanda Cibiyar Nazarin Naval ta Amurka ke sarrafawa

## Sauran amfani

* Grab (jirgi) , jirgi mai matakai biyu ko uku da aka yi amfani da shi a bakin tekun Malabar

## Dubi kuma

* All pages with titles beginning with Grab
* All pages with titles containing Grab
* Rashin fahimta
* Girma (disambiguation) 
* Rashin fahimta
Gidajen ƙauyuka

Gidajen ƙauye al'umma ce da aka tsara a California"" title="Davis, California">Davis, Yolo County, California . An tsara shi don ya kasance mai shakatawa ta hanyar amfani da makamashi dakumq albarkatun kasa da ke cikin wuri mai faɗi, musamman ruwan sama da Hasken rana.

## Tarihi
Babban mai zanen Gidajen kauyuka shine masanin Mike Corbett da matarsa Judy Corbett, waɗanda suka fara tsarawa a cikin 1960s, tare da ci gaba da gini daga kudu zuwa arewa daga shekarun 1970 zuwa 1980.  An kammala Gidajen Kauye a cikin 1982, kuma ya ja hankalin duniya tun farkonsa a matsayin farkon abin koyi na ci gaban gidaje masu dacewa da muhalli, gami da ziyarar shugaban Faransa na lokacin. François Mitterrand . 

## Ci gaba mai dorewa

Gidaje 225 da ɗakunan gidaje 20 waɗanda yanzu su ne al'ummar Gidajen ƙauye suna amfani da bangarorin hasken rana don dumama, kuma suna kewaye da wuraren da aka saba da su a bayan gine-gine, maimakon kewaye da titin a gaba. Dukkanin tituna suna fuskantar gabas zuwa yamma, tare da dukkan kuri'u da ke arewa maso kudu. Wannan fasalin ya zama al'ada a Davis da sauran wurare tunda yana ba da damar gidaje tare da ƙirar hasken rana don yin cikakken amfani da makamashi na rana a duk shekara. Har ila yau, ci gaban yana amfani da magudanar ruwa, wanda ake kira bioswales, don tattara ruwa don ban ruwa a yankunan da aka saba da su da kuma tallafawa noman abinci mai cin abinci, kamar kwayoyi da itatuwan 'ya'yan itace da kayan lambu don amfani da mazauna, ba tare da fuskantar farashin amfani da ruwan birni mai tsabta ba.
Kwamitin Tsaro na Makamashi da Net Zero Select

Kwamitin Zaɓin Tsaro na Makamashi da Net Zero wani kwamiti ne na Majalisar Wakilai a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wanda ya kasance a watan Afrilu na 2023. Shi ne magajin tsohon **Kwamitin Zaɓin Makamashi da Canjin Yanayi**, wanda ya wanzu daga 2009 zuwa 2016. Shugaban yanzu shine Bill Esterson .

## Kafawa
Majalisar Dokoki ta amince da kafa Kwamitin Zaɓin Makamashi da Canjin Yanayi a ranar 28 ga Oktoba 2008,  biyo bayan kafa Ma'aikatar Makamashi da Canjin Yanayi Yanayi a kan 3 ga Oktoba 2008. Aikin kwamitin shine bincika kashewa, gudanarwa da manufofin sashen, da kowane bangare na sashen.

## Juyin Juya Halin
Yayin da aka rushe sashen kuma ya haɗu da Sashen Kasuwanci, Innovation da Kwarewa, don kafa Sashen Kasashen Kasuwancin, Makamashi da Dabarun Masana'antu a watan Yulin 2016, an kuma soke kwamitin. An sake farfado da kwamitin tare da kafa Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Makamashi da Net Zero .  'Yan takarar kujerar sun kasance Kirsty Blackman, Stewart Malcolm McDonald da Angus MacNeil.

## Kasancewa memba
Membobin kwamitin sune kamar haka: 

### Canje-canje tun daga 2024

## 2019-2024 Majalisar Dokoki
An zabi Angus MacNeil a matsayin shugaban a ranar 26 ga Afrilu 2023 .  An nada sauran mambobin kwamitin a hukumance a ranar 12 ga Yuni 2023.

### Canje-canje 2019-2024

## Tsohon memba
Mambobin kwamitin, wanda aka nada a watan Yulin 2015, kamar haka:

### Canje-canje
Lokaci-lokaci, Majalisar Dokoki ta ba da umarnin a yi canje-canje dangane da membobin zaɓaɓɓun kwamitoci, kamar yadda Kwamitin Zaɓuɓɓuka ya ba da shawarar. Irin waɗannan canje-canjen an nuna su a ƙasa.

## Manazarta
Ma'aikatar Canjin Yanayi da Gudanar da Muhalli

Ma'aikatar Canjin Yanayi da Kula da Muhalli ta Urdu, ma'aikatari ce ta Gwamnatin Pakistan da ke da alaƙa da Canjin yanayi a Pakistan. Sanata Sherry Rehman ne ke kula da ma'aikatar tare da matsayin Ministan Tarayya. 

## Fuka-fuki
Ma'aikatar tana da fuka-fuki da yawa a ƙarƙashinta, kamar yadda aka bayyana a ƙasa.

* Yankin Gudanarwa - jimlar ma'aikata 173 suna aiki a Ma'aikatar Canjin Yanayi. Wannan reshe shine shugaban sakatare na hadin gwiwa. Sakataren Ma'aikatar Tarayya na yanzu shine Mista Eazaz A. Dar 
* Sashin Kudi na Yanayi, Pakistan - a karkashin kulawar sakataren da ke kula da shi na yanzu.
* Ci gaban Ci gaba - al'amuran manufofi da suka shafi tsarin ci gaba. Yana sa ido kan ayyukan ci gaba, shirye-shiryen aiki / kuɗi, da sauransu.
* Yanayin Muhalli - Darakta Janar ne ke jagoranta. Yana mai da hankali kan Dokokin Muhalli, batutuwan da suka shafi iyakoki (na larduna, yanki da na duniya). Har ila yau, yana mai da hankali kan al'amuran da suka shafi Ci gaba mai dorewa, Ruwa da Tsabtace-tsabtace, Ci gaban Birni mai dorewa. Har ila yau, tana da alhakin Yarjejeniyar Muhalli ta Ƙungiyoyi (MEAs) ciki har da Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi (UNFCCC) da Yarjejeniya ta Kyoto . 
* Yankin gandun daji
* Yankin hadin gwiwa na kasa da kasa (IC Wing) 

## Ma'aikatun da aka haɗa (ofisoshin)

* Cibiyar Nazarin Tasirin Canjin Duniya
* Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Pakistan
* Ma'aikatar Binciken Zoological
* Majalisar Kula da Kayan daji ta Kasa (Pakistan) 

## Manazarta
Sakataren Gwamnati na Makamashi da Canjin Yanayi

**Sakataren Gwamnati na Makamashi da Canjin Yanayi** ya kasance mukamin majalisar ministocin Burtaniya daga 2008 zuwa 2016. An kirkiro Ma'aikatar Makamashi da Canjin Yanayi a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 2008 lokacin da Firayim Minista Gordon Brown ya sake fasalin majalisar ministocinsa.

Tsakanin 1974 da 1992, an san wannan mukamin a matsayin **Sakataren Gwamnati na Makamashi**.

Sakataren makamashi da canjin yanayi ya farfado da mukamin da ya gabata na Sakataren Gwamnati na Makamashi a matsayin shugaban Ma'aikatar Makamashi, wanda ya kasance daga 1974 zuwa 1992. Bayan haka, an haɗa Ma'aikatar Makamashi cikin Ma'aikatu da Masana'antu a karkashin gwamnatin Conservative ta Sir John Major a shekarar 1992.

Shekaru goma sha shida bayan haka, nan da nan kafin a kirkiro sabon sashen, Manufofin makamashi alhakin Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci, Kasuwanci da Gyaran Ka'idoji ne (shi kansa yanzu sashen gwamnati ne da ya ɓace, wanda Ma'abiyar Kasuwanci ta maye gurbinsa).

Tsohon shugaban Labour Ed Miliband shine sakataren jihar na farko a DECC. Bayan da Labour ta rasa babban zaben 2010 kuma aka kafa hadin gwiwar Cameron-Clegg, an nada Chris Huhne a matsayin magajinsa. A ranar 3 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2012, Huhne ya yi murabus daga mukamin bayan an sanar da cewa za An gurfanar da shi saboda karkatar da hanyar adalci, dangane da zargin da ya ba da hukuncin gaggawa ga tsohuwar matarsa don kauce wa rasa lasisin kansa. Ed Davey ne ya karɓi mukamin a wannan rana, kuma ya yi aiki har sai Liberal Democrats suka bar gwamnati, kuma Davey ya rasa kujerarsa, a cikin 2015.

Amber Rudd ita ce sakatariyar jihar ta karshe a DECC, har sai da ta zama Sakatariyar Cikin Gida. An kafa mukamin a cikin sabon Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci, Makamashi da Dabarun Masana'antu ta sabuwar Firayim Minista Theresa Mayu a watan Yulin 2016.

Matsayin yanzu yana daga cikin fayil ɗin na Sakataren Gwamnati na Tsaro na Makamashi da Net Zero.

## Jerin sakataren jihar

## Dubi kuma

* Ministan Jiha a Ma'aikatar Makamashi da Canjin Yanayi
* Sakataren Gwamnati na Inuwa don Canjin Yanayi da Net Zero
* Sakataren Gwamnati na Tsaro na Makamashi da Net Zero

## Manazarta
Jerin wuraren yanayi na alpine

Wuraren da yawa a duniya suna da Yanayin Alpine. An bayyana yanayin wasu daga cikin wadannan wurare, a ƙasa.

Ga wurare masu zafi na teku, kamar taron koli na Mauna Loa, elev.   , zafin jiki yana da kusan daidaituwa a duk shekara:Ga wuraren da ke tsakiyar latitude, kamar New Hampshire)">Dutsen Washington a New Hampshire, zafin jiki ya bambanta a yanayi, amma ba ya samun zafi sosai:Sauran misalai na yanayin alpine sun hada da



## Manazarta
Dukansu biyu

Dukansu suna iya nufin:Duka biyu

## Mutane

* Dukansu biyu (sunan mahaifi) 

## Waƙoƙi

* Dukansu biyu, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Amurka wacce ta kunshi Aimee Mann da Ted Leo; kuma kundi na farko da ake kira kansu
* "Dukansu" (waƙar) , ta Gucci Mane tare da Drake
* BOTH, duo na kiɗa na Belgium da Faransanci da aka sani da 2014 guda "Straight Outta Line"
* Dukansu biyu, guda ɗaya ta Tiësto tare da 21 Savage da Bia (2023) 

## Sauran amfani

* Dukansu (fim), fim na 2005 game da wata mace mai ban sha'awa a San Francisco
* Dukkanin masu numfashi, "karfe na ƙarfe" na kiwon lafiya da aka yi daga katako mai arha
Disamba 2020 Kisan kiyashi na Gijet

Kisan mummuke ko kiyashi na Gijet a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2020 wani kisan kiyashi ne wanda ya faru a Gijet (Tigrinya: ጊጀት) a Yaƙin Tigray na Habasha a lokacin Yakin Tigray, a ranar 30 ga Disamba shekara ta 2020.  Gijet ita ce tsakiyar garin *woreda* Saharti, yankin kudu maso gabashin Tigray .

## Kisan mummuke/kiyashi
Dakarun Sojojin Tsaro na Habasha (ENDF) sun kashe matasa kimanin 21, ciki har da yaro dan shekara bakwai a Gijet (SE Tigray) a ranar 30 ga Disamba shekara ta 2020. 

Kisan kiyashi da dakarun sojojin Habasha da Eritrea suka yi a yakin Tigray shine 

(1) fansa lokacin da suka rasa yaƙi; 

(2) don tsoratar da kuma fitar da bayanai game da inda shugabannin TPLF suke;

(3) kisan da ake zargi da 'yan bindigar TDF; da kuma 

(4) tsoratar al'ummar Tigray gaba ɗaya kamar yadda aka yi kisan kiyashi a cikin majami'u.

## Wa'inda suka aikata kisan
Dimtsi Woyane ya ba da rahoton wadanda suka aikata wannan kisan kiyashi sune dakarun sojojin Habasha.

## Wadanda aka azabtar
"Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation" ya ambaci mutane guda 21 da aka kashe a wannan kisan mummuken ko na kiyashi.

## Yumkurin mataki
"Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation",  wanda ya rubuta wannan kisan mummuke ko na kiyashi ya sami kulawar hanyoyin watsa labarai na duniya, musamman game da Annex A, wanda ya lissafa kisan kiyashin a cikin Tigray War.

Bayan watanni na musantawa daga hukumomin kasar Habasha cewa kisan kiyashin ya faru ne a Tigray, an sanar da bincike na hadin gwiwa da OHCHR da Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Habasha suka yi a watan Maris na 2021.

## Fadad bincike

* Kisan kai da kisan kiyashi a Yakin Tigray
* Jerin lokaci na Yakin Tigray - Disamba 2020
* Fabrairu 2021 Kisan kiyashi na Saharti-Samre, ciki har da wasu mutane kimanin 120 da aka kashe a Gijet
* Maris 2021 Kisan kiyashi na Saharti-Samre, ciki har da wasu mutane guda 123 da aka kashe a Gijet

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Gidauniyar Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya: Tashin Tashin Tarin Tarin Tashin Taron Tarin Taron Tashin Tayan Tarin Tayan Tashin Tunanin Tarin Tunanin
Kalpavriksh

**Kalpavriksh**  kungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke zaune a Indiya tare da ofishinta a Pune, Maharashtra . Kungiyar tana gudanar da bincike, sadarwar sadarwa, ilimi, aikin ƙauyuka, bayar da shawarwari da gwagwarmaya a fagen muhalli, muhalli. An kafa cibiyar ne a shekara ta 1979 lokacin da ƙungiyar dalibai suka fara kamfen don Delhi Ridge Forest . 

## Manazarta