open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Rasa Duniya

***Rasa Duniya: Tarihi na Kwanan nan*** (an buga shi azaman *Rasa Duniya: Shekaru Goma da Zamu iya Tsaya Canjin yanayi* acikin Burtaniya da kasuwannin Commonwealth) littafi ne na 2019 da Nathaniel Rich ya rubuta. Littafin yana magana ne game da wanzuwar shaidar kimiyya game da sauyin yanayi,shekaru da yawa yayin da aka hana shi a siyasance, da kuma lalacewar da za ta faru a sakamakon haka. Yana mai da hankali kan shekarun 1979 zuwa 1989 da masana kimiyya na tushen Amurka, masu fafutuka, da masu tsara manufofi ciki har da James Hansen, Rafe Pomerance, da Jule Gregory Charney.

An fara buga labarin ne a matsayin fitowar Agusta 5 2018, fitowar *Mujallar New York Times* kuma daga baya aka fadada.Bayan da aka buga labarin, an ba da sanarwar cewa labarin yana ci gaba don canza shi zuwa littattafan da za a rarraba akan Apple TV+.

## Martani

### Sigar farko ta rubutu
Masana muhalli ciki harda May Boeve sun soki labarin don inganta yanayin yanayi da kuma mayar da hankali ga wani karamin rukuni wanda suke jayayya ba shi da wakilci na mafi girman motsin yanayi. Leah Stokes da sauransu sun yi tambaya game da yadda Rich ya tsara wanda ke da alhakin rikicin yanayi; Attajirin bai jaddada laifin masana'antar man fetur ko na 'yan siyasa ba.

### Faɗaɗa sigar rubutu
A cikin *Bookforum*, Roy Scranton ya rubuta cewa "littafin ya kasance dai-dai da labarin" kuma ya yi nuni da rashin ambatonsa. Littafin ya sami bita mai tauraro a cikin *Littattafai*, inda aka kira shi "littafin dole ne a karanta don duk wanda ya damu game da makomar duniyarmu. Wani bita a cikin NPR yace "kamar bala'in Girka ne".

## Duba kuma

* Ƙin canjin yanayi
* Siyasar dumamar yanayi
* Ijma'in kimiyya akan sauyin yanayi
* Taron yanayi na Noordwijk

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* 
*
Aisha Fofana Ibrahim

Dr. **A'isha Fofana Ibrahim** 'yar Saliyo ce mai  fafutuka, ƙwararriyar mata, mai bincike kuma mai aiki a kan jinsi da ci gaba .

## Sana'a
Tana koyar da ilimin jinsi a matakin digiri kuma tana haɓaka ƙarfafa mata ta hanyar ba da shawara. A matsayinta na mai fafutukar jinsi, shawararta na yanzu ta mayar da hankali ne kan ƙara wakilcin mata wajen yanke shawara da jagoranci da kuma tabbatar da cewa sabon kundin tsarin  mulkin Saliyo da aka yi wa kwaskwarima ya magance yadda ake mayar da mata saniyar ware. Binciken karatunta na yanzu yana mai da hankali kan jinsi da ma'adinan sana'o'in hannu da kuma tasirin cutar Ebola ga mata da 'yan mata amma tana kuma aiki akan cin zarafin mata, shigar mata a siyasance da labarin mata da rubuce- rubucen rayuwa. 

Aisha Fofana Ibrahim ita ce shugabar Hukumar Kula da  Tsarin Mulki ta Ebola da Tsarin Mulki na 50/50 (Sierra Leone)  tsakanin shekara ta 2013 da shekarar 2015, wata fitacciyar kungiyar farar hula a Saliyo da ke mai da hankali kan tabbatar da daidaiton wakilcin mata a siyasance, da inganta daidaiton jinsi. a Saliyo.

## Alamun kungiya

* Kwalejin Fourah Bay ta Jami'ar Saliyo : Aisha Fofana Ibrahim ita ce shugabar Cibiyar Bincike da Takardun Jinsi a Kwalejin Fourah Bay ta Jami'ar Saliyo. 
* Cibiyar Arewa-Kudu : A cikin shekarar 2009-2010, ta kasance Helleiner Visiting Research Fellow a Cibiyar Arewa-Kudu, haɗin gwiwar IDRC. Yayin da yake Cibiyar Nazarin Arewa-Kudu, aikin Ibrahim ya mayar da hankali ne kan aiwatar da aiki mai inganci a matsayin hanyar shawo kan matsalolin da ke hana mata shiga siyasa. 
* Rukunin 50/50 na Saliyo: Aisha ta kasance shugabar rukunin 50/50 na Saliyo, wanda ke mai da hankali kan shawarwari, manufofi, da haɓaka iya jagoranci ga mata. 
* Jami'ar Carleton : Carleton UJniversity ta bayyana Aisha Fofana Ibrahim a matsayin 'malamar mata kuma mai fafutuka kuma daya daga cikin manyan malamai da kwararru a Saliyo a fannin jinsi da ci gaba. Ita ce tsohuwar Darakta na Cibiyar Bincike da Takardun Jinsi (INGRADOC) a Kwalejin Fourah Bay, Jami'ar Saliyo.'

## Manazarta
Maymuna Abu Bakr

**Maymuna Abu Bakr** (an Haife ta a shekara ta 1948) mawaƙiyar Yaman ce, marubuciya kuma darektan talabijin, macen Yemen ta farko da ta buga tarin waƙoƙi a kudancin Yemen . 

## Rayuwa
An haifi Maymuna Abu Bakr a garin Mukalla . Ta yi digiri a fannin zamantakewa da Ingilishi, kuma ta sami horo a fannin talabijin a Masar . 

## Ayyuka

* *Khuyut fi-l-shafaq*, Aden: Dar al-Tali'a.

## Manazarta
Fatima Babiker Mahmoud

**Fatima Babiker Mahmoud** (     ) ɗan gurguzu ɗan mata ne haifaffen Sudan . 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Ta sauke karatu daga Jami'ar Khartoum  kuma ta sami digiri na uku a Jami'ar Hull .  Karatun digirinta shine tushen aikinta da aka fi yawan ambata, *The  Sudanese Bourgeoisie:Vanguard of Development?* inda ta bibiyi tarihin ci gaban kasar Burgeoisie na Sudan ta zamani tare da tabbatar da cewa ba ta da wata rawar da za ta taka  wajen ci gaban Sudan. 

An kafa kungiyar 'yantar da mata ta Pan-African Pan-African Liberation Organisation (PAWLO) a lokacin taron Pan-African karo na 7 a Kampala, Uganda a cikin watan  Afrilu shekarar 1994,  kuma Mahmoud ya zama shugaban kafuwarta. Da take to jawabi a taron farko na PWLO, ta ce:"Matan Afirka suna da tarihi guda ɗaya, tsarin fahimtar gaskiya namu don canza shi, da kuma abokan gaba da abokai a ciki da wajen Afirka. Muna da irin wannan ƙalubale da za mu fuskanta da kuma kyakkyawar makoma da za mu sa ido a kai. A yanzu akwai matukar bukatar sabuwar kungiyar mata ta Pan African, wadda za ta rungumi matan Afirka a nahiyar da kuma kasashen waje, don magance wadannan abubuwan da aka saba.” A baya Mahmoud ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Ba da Shawarwari na Edita na *Jaridar Nazarin Jinsi* . 

## Rubutun da aka zaɓa

* *المرأة الافريقية بين الارث والحداثة ( matan Afirka Tsakanin Heritage da Zamani* ) (2002)
* ''Matan Afirka, Sauyi da Ci gaba'' (1991)
* ''Bala'i a Sudan: Dokar farar hula da ta soja'' (1988)
* ''Bourgeoisie na Sudan: Vanguard of Development?'' (1984)

## Manazarta
Ma'auni na Bayanan Duniya don Binciken Muhalli

**Ma'auni na Bayanan Duniya don Binciken Muhalli** (MEDEA) wani shiri ne na bayan yaƙin cacar baka na kungiyar leken asirin Amurka don yin amfani da bayanan sa ido na duniya da damar Amurka don nazarin kimiyyar canjin yanayi.

Acikin 1992, bisa ga umarnin Majalisar Harkokin Waje da kuma Sanata Al Gore, tare da kuma jagorancin Babban Jami'in Leken Asiri Robert Gates, an kafa Rundunar Tsaro ta Muhalli (ETF),  wanda acikin 1993 ya zama MEDEA. Fiye da hotunan tauraron ɗan adam 860,000 na tarihi, da wasu gungun masana kimiyya sukayi nazari a kansu sannan an dauki sabbin hotunan tauraron ɗan adam tare da bayyana su. 

An rufe shirin a farkon gwamnatin George W. Bush, an sake farawa a 2010, a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Obama, kuma an kammala shi acikin 2015. 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* BAYANI, Bayanin Shirin MEDEA, nopp.org
Hukumar Canjin Yanayi ta London

The **London Climate Change Agency Limited**(**LCCA**), wani kamfani ne na birni mallakar Hukuma ta Landan (LDA) wanda yayi aiki tare da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu(musamman EDF Energy)don tsarawa, kuɗi, ginawa, mallaka da sarrafa ƙarancin makamashi mai ƙarfi. ayyukan sifili-carbon don London, da kuma samar da ayyuka ga wasu. Yayi aiki a fannonin makamashi, ruwa, sharar gida da sufuri. Acikin 2009 an haɗa shi cikin Hukumar Raya Ƙasa ta London.

An ƙaddamar da Hukumar a ranar 20 ga Yuni 2005, don aiwatar da wata yarjejeniya da Ken Livingstone yayi a zaɓen shekarar 2004, na Magajin garin London. Kasafin kuɗin ta na 2006-07 ya kasance £ 815,000, kashi 63% daga cikinsu LDA ce ta bada kuɗin kai tsaye.Babban Darakta shine Allan Jones, wanda a baya ya jagoranci cigaban tsarin samar da makamashi na al'umma a Woking. Hukumar Canjin Yanayi ta London ta shirya ƙirƙirar irin wannan tsarin ga London.

Ya zuwa shekarar 2006,Landan ta samar da kashi 7%na hayaƙin Carbon da Burtaniya ke fitarwa. Ana ganin LCCA a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan motocin da za a isar da dabarun makamashi na magajin gari, wanda ke nufin rage yawan hayakin da kashi 20% nan da 2010 da kuma 60% nan da 2050 (ko da yake cimma farkon wannan manufa ba abu ne mai yiwuwa ba). Ana kuma sa ran hukumar zata taka rawa wajen tabbatar da cewa gasar Olympics ta bazara a shekarar 2012 a Landan, ta kasance na farko da aka fara amfani da ƙarancin fasahar carbon.

## Sabunta makamashi shigarwa
A cikin shekarar 2007, LCCA ta karɓi izinin tsarawa don yawan sabbin kayan aikin makamashin da za'a iya sabuntawa, ciki harda sel photovoltaic na hasken rana a Hall Hall, na Burtaniya na farko da aka haɗa photovoltaic da tsarin injin turbin iska a ginin Palestra, Blackfriars Road.

## Duba kuma

* Manufar makamashi ta Burtaniya
* Amfani da makamashi da kiyayewa a cikin Burtaniya
* Ƙungiyar Jagorancin Yanayi na Manyan Birane
* Zero makamashi gini

## Manazarta
Anthony Georgio

**Anthony Michael Georgio** (    ; an haife shi a ranar  10 Agusta shekarar 1995) ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ya buga wasan tsakiya na ƙarshe don Leyton Orient . An haife shi a Ingila, yana wakiltar Cyprus a matakin kasa da kasa.

## Aikin kulob

### Tottenham Hotspur
Georgiou ya fara taka leda a Tottenham a wasan cin kofin zakarun Turai na UEFA da ci 3-0 a kan zakarun Cypriot APOEL a ranar 26 ga watan Satumba shekarar 2017. 

A cikin watan Janairu shekarar 2019 canja wurin taga Georgiou ya fita a kan aro zuwa Sipaniya kulob Levante . 

A ranar 19 ga watan  Agusta shekarar 2019, Georgiou ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwangila tare da Tottenham har zuwa shekara ta 2021. 

Bayan rattaba hannu kan sabon kwantiragi da Tottenham Georgiou ya koma kulob din League One Ipswich Town a matsayin aro a ranar 19 ga watan Agusta har zuwa watan Janairu shekarar 2020.  Ya buga wasansa na farko a gasar League One washegari da AFC Wimbledon a Portman Road, yana farawa a rabi na biyu a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa kuma yana taimakawa kungiyar ta ci 2–1.  An kawo karshen lamunin nasa ne a ranar 28 ga watan Disamba, bayan da ya buga wasanni 13 a dukkan gasa, amma ba tare da ya fara gasar ba a lokacin aronsa. 

A ranar 31 ga watan  Janairu shekarar 2020, Georgiou ya koma wani kulob na League One, Bolton Wanderers a kan wani lamunin watanni shida.  Saboda raunin da ya samu na farko bai zo ba sai ranar 7 ga watan Maris, inda ya zo a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a karo na biyu da AFC Wimbledon a kunnen doki 0-0.  Ya sake buga wasa daya, shima a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa, kafin cutar ta COVID-19 ta kare kakar watanni uku da wuri.

### AEL Limassol
A cikin watan Janairu shekarar 2021 Georgiou ya koma AEL Limassol a cikin rukunin farko na Cypriot a canjin dindindin daga Tottenham. 

### Leyton Orient
Georgiou ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara guda don Leyton Orient akan 30 watan Yuni shekarar 2022. 

A ranar 7 ga watan  Nuwamba shekarar 2022, Georgiou ya rattaba hannu a kungiyar Yeovil Town ta National League akan yarjejeniyar lamuni na ɗan gajeren lokaci.

## Ayyukan kasa da kasa
An haifi gwagwala Georgiou a Ingila kuma dan asalin Cyprus ne na Girka.  Ya buga wasan gwagwala kwallon kafa na matasa na kasa da kasa don Cyprus  kuma ya fara buga wa babbar kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasar Cyprus wasa a ranar 23 ga watan Maris shekarar 2018 a wasan sada zumunci da Montenegro wanda ya kare babu ci. 

## Kididdigar sana'a

### Kulob

### Ƙasashen Duniya

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Bayanan Kicker
* Anthony Georgiou 
*
Shirye-shiryen Daidaitawa na Gida na Ayyuka

**Tsare-tsare na Ayyuka;**(LAPAs) tsare-tsare ne na al'umma da ke da nufin taimakawa ƙananan hukumomi da al'ummomi don haɓɓaka juriya ga tasirin sauyin yanayi. Yawanci ana haɓɓaka LAPAs a yankuna ko al'ummomin da ke da rauni musamman ga tasirin sauyin yanayi, kamar wuraren dake fuskantar ambaliya, fari, ko abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi.

Tsarin LAPA yawanci ya ƙunshi tsarin haɗin kai, inda masu ruwa da tsaki na gida da membobin al'umma ke tsunduma cikin ganowa da bada fifikon haɗarin yanayi da lahani. Dangane da wannan bayanin, an gano zaɓuɓɓukan dai-daitawa da dabaru, kuma an ƙirƙiri wani shiri don aiwatar da waɗannan ayyukan.

LAPAs na iya haɗawa da matakan dai-daitawa da yawa, kamar inganta tsarin kula da ruwa, haɓɓaka tsarin faɗakarwa da wuri don bala'o'i, haɓɓaka amfani da nau'ikan amfanin gona masu jure yanayin yanayi, ko gina ababen more rayuwa, don kariya daga hawan teku. Kungiyoyi na ƙasa ko na ƙasa da ƙasa ne ke gudanar da tsarin LAPA galibi, kuma ana iya samun goyan bayan kuɗaɗe daga asusun dairdaita canjin yanayi na duniya.

LAPAs sun bambanta da Shirin daidaitawa na Ƙasa (NAPAs) acikin ƙasa zuwa sama, tsarin gida, amma a wasu lokuta ana bada kuɗi a ƙarƙashin irin wannan tsarin taimakon cigaba. Yawancin lokaci ana shirya LAPAs a matakin ƙananan hukumomi, kodayake LAPA na al'umma ma suna nan. An fara gudanar da wannan al'ada a Nepal a ƙarƙashin jagorancin ma'aikatar yawan jama'a da muhalli, cibiyar ƙasa da ƙasa ga Tsarin Mulki na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan sauyin yanayi.

## Nepal
An tsara tsarin LAPA a Nepal don zama mai shiga tsakani da al'umma, tareda shigar da masu ruwa da tsaki na cikin gida, ciki harda mata, matasa, da kuma ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, don gano haɗarin yanayi da rashin lahani, da haɓɓaka matakan dai-daitawa. Tsarin LAPA ya ƙunshi matakai da yawa, gami da rauni da kimanta haɗari, gano zaɓuɓɓukan daidaitawa, da ba da fifikon ayyuka.

Tsarin LAPA a Nepal ya sami goyon baya daga kungiyoyi daban-daban na kasa da na duniya, ciki har da Shirin CiGaban Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (UNDP), Bankin Duniya, da Cibiyar Muhalli ta Duniya (GEF). Waɗannan ƙungiyoyi sun bada tallafin fasaha da kuɗi don haɓɓakawa da aiwatar da LAPAs, da kuma haɓɓaka iyawa ga masu ruwa da tsaki na cikin gida.

Ɗaya daga cikin misalan nasara na LAPA a Nepal shine wanda aka haɓaka a gundumar Kailali, wanda ke da matukar haɗari ga ambaliya da zabtarewar ƙasa. Tsarin LAPA a Kailali ya ƙunshi halartar fiye da mutane 1,000 na al'umma, ciki harda mata da masu zaman kansu, wajen ganowa da bada fifiko ga matakan dai-daitawa, kamar gina shingen kogi, gina madatsun ruwa, da inganta tsarin gargadin wuri don ambaliya.

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Tsarin ƙasa akan Tsare-tsaren daidaitawa na gida don Aiki  *wanda Gwamnatin Nepal ta buga*

## Manazarta
Bolam

**Bolam** sunan yanka ne. Fitattun mutane masu sunan suna son haɗa da:

* Irene Craigmile Bolam, ma'aikaciyar banki ta Amurka
* James Bolam, ɗan wasan Ingila
* John Bolam, ɗan ƙasar Burtaniya
* Ken Bolam, Fim na Burtaniya da mawakin talabijin
* Margaret Dale (dan rawa), haifaffen Margaret Elisabeth Bolam, 'yar rawa ta Burtaniya
* Silvester Bolam, editan jaridar Burtaniya
Nassim Diafat

**Nassim Diafat** (an Haife shi 24 ga Yuli shekarar 1983) Mataimakin Ministan Aljeriya ne na Masu haɓakawa. An nada shi minista a ranar 2 ga watan Janairu, shekarar 2020.   An tsare shi a gidan yari a ranar 7 ga watan  Afrilu, shekarar  2023 saboda tuhumar cin hanci da rashawa. 

## Ilimi
Diafat yana da Diploma a harshen Faransanci.

## Sana'a
Diafat shine wanda ya kafa kuma darakta na Numedia Telecom kuma mamba ne na kungiyar matasan 'yan kasuwa ta kasa.  

A cikin watan Janairu shekarar 2020, an nada shi Mataimakin Ministan incubators.  A ranar 8 ga watan Satumba shekarar 2022 an sake shi daga gwamnati. 

## Manazarta
Kamfanin Mootral

**Mootral** wani kamfani ne na Burtaniya-Swiss wanda ke haɓɓaka ƙarin kayan abinci don rage hayakin methane daga dabbobi masu rarrafe, manyan shanu da tumaki, amma har da awaki. Methane shine babban abin da ake nufi da iskar gas kuma acikin rahoton yarjejeniya ta 4 na Kwamitin Gudanar da Canjin Yanayi (IPCC) an bada shawarar haɓɓaka daga x23 zuwa x72 mai ninka saboda girman tasirinsa dangane da carbon dioxide da ɗan gajeren tsawon rayuwa acikin yanayin duniya.

## Kariyar ciyarwar halitta
Neem Biotech ne ya samar da ƙarin ciyarwar yanayi na Mootral. Abubuwan da ke aiki shine fili na organosulfur na kwayoyin halitta (wanda aka saba samu acikin tafarnuwa), Bincike a Jami'ar Aberystwyth, Wales ya nuna har zuwa 94% rage yawan samar da methane. Amma wannan shine gwajin in vitro (samfurin rumen) tareda babban adadin. Mawallafa iri ɗaya sun sami 15-25 kawai % raguwa a vivo lokacin da suka gwada akan tumaki.

## Kasuwancin fitar da iska
Kamfanoni da ke amfani da kariyar ciyarwar Mootral suna samar da kiredit na carbon wanda za'a iya amfani da su don Dai-daita matakan fitar da su ko sayar wa wasu kamfanoni. Acikin Disamba 2019, Verra ta sanar da cewa ta amince da Mootral a matsayin hanya ta farko a duniya don rage hayaƙin methane daga dabbobi masu rarrafe.

## Jama'a
Mootral yaja hankalin mutane da yawa a matsayin wanda ya zo na biyu acikin FT Global Climate Challenge  da Lottery na Holland.

Mootral ya kasance dan wasan karshe a Shell/BBC/Newsweek Ƙalubalen Duniya na 2009 a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 12 mafi kyawun mafita ga sauyin yanayi.

Chris Sacca da Tribe Capital ne ke bada tallafin Mootral.

## Manazarta

## Sources

* http://www.incropsproject.co.uk/documents/Events/Launch2009/David%20Wiliams%20Neem%20Biotech.pdf 
* 2009 Ƙarshen Ƙarshen Ƙarshe; UNITED MULKIN
* Kimiyya da Fasaha Ciyar Dabbobi, Juzu'i na 147, Matsaloli 1-3, 14 Nuwamba 2008, Shafuffuka 36-52
* Kimiyya da Fasaha Ciyar Dabbobi, Juzu'i na 145, Matsaloli 1-4, 14 ga Agusta 2008, Shafuffuka na 351-363
* J. Dairy Sci. 89:761-771, 2006
MOPITT

**MOPITT** (**Ma'auni na gurɓacewar yanayi acikin Troposphere**) wani kayan aikin kimiyya ne mai ɗaukar nauyi wanda NASA ta harba acikin tauraron dan adam na Terra acikin 1999. An ƙera shine don saka idanu akan canje-canje a yanayin ƙazanta da tasirin sa acikin ƙananan yanayi na duniya. Sashen Kimiyyar Sararin Samaniya na Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Kanada ne ya tallafa wa kayan aikin.

## Kayan aiki

MOPITT kayan aiki ne mai sauti na nadir (mai nuni a tsaye) wanda ke auna hasken infrared mai haɓɓaka a 4.7 μm da 2.2-2.4 μm. Yana amfani da spectroscopy na dai-daitawa don ƙididdige jimlar abubuwan lura da shafi da bayanan martabar carbon monoxide acikin ƙananan yanayi. Dukda cewa an kuma shirya duban methane, har yanzu ba'a fitar da bayanai ba.

## Manazarta

* 
* 

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Gidan yanar gizon hukuma na MOPITT kimiyya da ƙungiyar haɓaka samfuri 
* Gidan yanar gizon kayan aiki MOPITT a Jami'ar Toronto
* NASA WIST tsarin adana bayanai
* Ana samun bayanan MOPITT ta NASA-Langley
Mutane da Yankunan da abin ya fi shafa

**Yawancin Mutane da Yankunan da abin ya shafa**, wanda kuma aka sani da **MAPA** a takaice, kalma ce  wadda ke wakiltar ƙungiyoyin da yankuna da sauyin yanayi ya shafa ba dai-dai ba, kamar mata, al'ummomin asali, tsirarun launin fata, LGBTQ+mutane, matasa, tsofaffi da kuma talakawa da kuma kudancin duniya. Kalmar da ra'ayi suna haɗe da haɗin kai. Waɗannan al'ummomin suna ɗaukar nauyin hayaƙin carbon da sauyin yanayi. Musamman, tareda hauhawar ƙungiyoyin ciyawa waɗanda ke da burin adalci na yanayi - kamar su, Jumma'a don makomar yanayi, haɗakar waɗannan ƙungiyoyi acikin yanayin kammala adalci na sauyin yanayi ya zama mafi mahimmanci. Yawancin masu fafutukar sauyin yanayi sun fi fifita kalmar zuwa tsofaffin ra'ayoyi irin su kudancin duniya.

## Manazarta
Shirin Aikin Shekara Bakwai Na Musulmi Kan Sauyin Yanayi

**Shirin Aiki na Shekara Bakwai na Musulmi akan Sauyin Yanayi;** shiri ne na ayyukan sauyin yanayi ga al'ummar musulmin duniya, wanda ake son gudanarwa daga 2010 zuwa 2017. Cibiyar Tattaunawar Duniyar Mates ta Biritaniya da Ma'aikatar Awkawa da Harkokin Addinin Musulunci ta Kuwait ne suka ƙirƙiro ta. Yana ɗaya daga cikin tsare-tsaren ayyukan sauyin yanayi na shekaru da yawa waɗanda manyan al'ummomin addini suka ɓullo dasu, waɗanda aka haɓɓaka tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Alliance of Religions and Conservation and the United Nations Development Programme.

A cewar Ƙungiyar hadin kan addinai da kiyayewa, shirin ya bada shawarar "bincike kowane mataki na ayyukan musulmi tun daga rayuwar yau da kullun zuwa aikin hajji na shekara, daga garuruwa masu tsarki zuwa horon Imamai a nan gaba," "inganta manyan garuruwan musulmi a matsayin koren birni ga sauran musulmi. yankunan birni," da kuma "haɓɓaka lakabin Musulunci don kayayyaki da ayyuka masu dacewa da muhalli." Ƙungiya mai suna Muslim Association for Climate Change Action (MACCA, acronym na nufin sauti kamar "Makka") zata gudanar da shawarwarin." Proposals were to be managed by a group called the Muslim Association for Climate Change Action (MACCA, an acronym meant to sound like "Mecca").

## Taron Istanbul na 2009
A wani taro na gaba da akayi a Istanbul a watan Yulin 2009, malamai, shugabanni, da jami'an gwamnati kimanin dari biyu na musulmi sun amince da wannan tsari tare da kafa MACCA. Wadanda suka amince da hakan sun hada da Babban Muftin Masar, Sheikh Ali Goma'a, Muftin Falasdinu, Dr. Ekrama Sabri, mai baiwa yariman Makka da Madina shawara, da kungiyar ilimi, kimiya da al'adu ta Musulunci.

## An ƙaddamar da Windsor 2009
An ƙaddamar da shirin a bikin Windsor a watan Nuwamba 2009.

## Taron Canjin Yanayi na 2010, Bogor
A cewar *Islam A Yau*, taron musulmi na ƙasa da ƙasa kan al'amuran sauyin yanayi na Afrilu 2010 a Bogor, Indonesia ya hada da tattaunawa kan ra'ayoyin siyasa iri-iri, amma ya kasa kafa ƙungiyar musulmin da aka tsara kan sauyin yanayi, (MACCA) a matsayin wata kungiya mai zaman kanta. aiwatar da sanarwar Bogor."

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Yuli 2009 daftarin Tsarin Aiki na Shekara Bakwai na Musulmi (PDF)
Eleni Myrivili

**Eleni Myrivili**( ) shine Babban Jami'in Heat na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (CHO), Babban Jami'in Resilience na Birnin Athens, memba na Hukumar Tarayyar Turai don dai-daitawa ga Ofishin Jakadancin Sauyin Yanayi, Babban Ba Ma'auni. Fellow a Adrienne Arsht - Rockefeller Foundation Resilience Center a Atlantic Council, wani farfesa mai kulawa a Sashen Fasaha na Al'adu & Sadarwa a Jami'ar Aegean, da kuma tsohon Loeb Fellow a Harvard Graduate School. na Zane.

Myrivili ta sami Ph.D. daga Sashen Nazarin Anthropology na Jami'ar Columbia a 2004.

## Manazarta
Tsarin Gudanar da Tsarin Ruwa da Ruwan Sama na Ƙasa da Tsarin Mu'amalar Al'umma

**Shirin Gudanar da Yanayi da Yanayin yanayi na Ƙasar** Amurka, (wanda aka gajarta da NOAA CSI), wanda a da Sashen Nazarin Yanayi da Sabis na CPO yana goyan bayan Sabis na Yanayi na NOAA.

Makasudin shirin na CSI su ne: dangantakar jama'a game da albarkatun ruwa a yankunan bakin teku, bincike da ci gaba ga yankunan bakin teku, da sadarwa tsakanin hukumomi.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Shafin gida
* Takardun gaskiya
* Labarai
Sanarwar New York akan Dazuzzuka

**Sanarwar New York game da gandun daji;** sanarwar siyasa ce ta son rai kuma wacce ba ta bin doka ba wacce ta taso daga tattaunawa tsakanin gwamnatoci, kamfanoni da ƙungiyoyin farar hula, wanda babban taron yanayi na Sakatare-Janar na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ya ƙarfafa a New York acikin 2014.

Sanarwar tayi alkawarin rage rabin adadin sare dazuzzuka nan da shekarar 2020, don kawo karshensa nan da shekarar 2030, da kuma maido da ɗaruruwan miliyoyin kadada na barnatar ƙasa. An kwatanta shirin maido da ƙasar da ke rufe "yanki da yafi Indiya girma".

Agenda Action na son rai yana rakiyar sanarwar, yana ba da "jagora ga gwamnatoci, kamfanoni, da ƙungiyoyi game da ayyuka daban-daban waɗanda za su iya cimma manufofin sauya fasalin [Sanarwa]".

Wani kamfani mai bada shawara da ke Washington, masu bada shawara kan yanayi, ya rubuta daftarin sanarwar. Gwamnatoci 37, gwamnatocin kananan hukumomi 20, kamfanoni 53 na ƙasa da ƙasa, ƙungiyoyi 16 da ke wakiltar al’ummomin asali da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu guda 63 ne suka rattaba hannu a kai. Waɗannan sun haɗada ƙasashe membobin EU, Kanada, Japan, Kenya da Habasha.

An yi maraba da sanarwar gabaɗaya. Gwamnatocin Jamus da Norway da Birtaniya na Burtaniya da Ireland ta Arewa sun fitar da wata sanarwa ta hadin gwiwa mai karfi da goyon bayan sanarwar, tare da sadaukar da kai ga gwamnatocinsu na "karfafa hadin gwiwa da samar da sabbin hanyoyin hadin gwiwa tare da kasashen dajin da ke tsara dabarun bunƙasa kore, tare da manyan kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. cire saran gandun daji daga sarkar samar da kayayyaki, da kuma bangaren hada-hadar kudi, kungiyoyin farar hula da sauran gwamnatoci masu ba da tallafi don daidaita abubuwan ƙarfafa gwiwa, da canza kasuwanni da samar da daidaito kan lalata gandun daji", tare da sadaukar da kudi don samar da sabbin shirye-shirye har guda 20. ƙarƙashin ingantattun shawarwari masu inganci waɗanda ƙasashe masu tasowa ke gabatarwa.

Wasu ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu kuma sun bayyana gazawar sanarwar. A watan Satumba na 2019, an buga rahoton kima na shekaru biyar " Ci gaba akan sanarwar New York akan Kare dazuzzuka da Mayar da dazuzzuka-Labari na Manyan Alkawari duk da Cigaban Cigaba ".

## Duba kuma

* Taron Sauyin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2021

## Manazarta
Taro na Ny-Ålesund

**Taro na Ny-Ålesund** babban taron kasa da kasa ne na shekara-shekara inda manyan masu bincike da 'yan siyasa, manyan jami'an kasuwanci, wakilan ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, da sauran masu yanke shawara suka haɗu don raba gogewa da tattauna hanyoyin magance sauyin yanayi.

## Bayani
An shirya taron Taro na farko acikin Maris 2006. Mai Martaba Sarki Hakon na Norway shine majiɓincin taron. Batutuwan suna da alaƙa da ƙalubalen sauyin yanayi, da sauran batutuwan muhalli, da kuma batutuwan dake da alaƙa kai tsaye da Arctic da yankunan Arewa waɗanda zasu iya haifarda babban sakamako na duniya. An iyakance halartar taron ga mutane 45, ta hanyar gayyata kawai.

Taron taron yana gudana akan Svalbard a digiri 79 arewa. Matsugunin arewa ne na dindindin a duniya kuma 1200 ne kawai&nbsp;km daga Arewa Pole. Gwamnatin Norwegian ta canza wannan tsohuwar al'ummar ma'adinai zuwa babban tushe don binciken kimiyya da kula da muhalli acikin Arctic. Tushen ya karbi bakuncin masana kimiyya daga ƙasashe sama da 20 kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a binciken sauyin yanayi na ƙasa da ƙasa. Kamfanin gwamnati Kings Bay AS ne kuma ke sarrafa shi, kamfanin haƙar kwal a kwanakin farko. Yanayin yanayi na ban mamaki ne, tare da yanayin yanayin Arctic mara lalacewa.

Manufar taron ita ce musayar ilimi, inganta fahimta da kuma neman hanyoyin magance matsalolin kalubalen da waɗannan batutuwa ke da su a yankunan Arctic da na duniya. An shirya taron ta Kings Bay AS tare

da haɗin gwiwar Ma'aikatar Ilimi da Bincike ta Norway, Ma'aikatar Muhalli, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje, Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci da Masana'antu, Ma'aikatar Shari'a da 'Yan Sanda, da Majalisar Bincike na Norway. Statkraft AS shine mai shirya taron kuma mai daukar nauyin taron. Sakatariyar ta Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayi da Muhalli ta Duniya-Oslo (CICERO) ce.

## Jigogi
Manyan jigogi na taron karawa juna sani sune:

* 2006 - Canjin Arctic sabbin dama da kalubale
* 2007-Canjin Arctic - canjin yanayi na duniya - buƙatar aiki
* 2008 - Sauyin yanayi na duniya da ƙalubalen bincike
* 2009 - Canjin yanayi: Fahimtar siyasar duniya zuwa Copenhagen da kuma bayan
* 2010 - Canjin Arctic da Tasirinsa na Duniya
* 2011-*soke saboda gajimaren toka mai aman wuta*
* 2012 - Zuwa ga tattalin arzikin kore : rawar da fasaha ke takawa
* 2013-Canjin Arctic-Dama ko Barazana
* 2014 - Karya Tattalin Arziki

## Manazarta
Babban Gwajin Mu

***Gwajin Mu Mafi Girma: Tarihin Almara na Rikicin Yanayi*** littafi ne na marubuciyar Burtaniya Alice Bell, wanda Counterpoint ya buga a cikin Satumba 2021. An sake nazari a cikin Manufofin Harkokin Waje, BuzzFeed News, New Stateman, da Mujallar Undark, littafin ya bayyana tarihin damuwar ɗan adam game da lalacewar yanayi da sauyin yanayi tare da sababbin ƙarni zuwa tsarin kimiyya na yanzu. da kuma shaharar jama'a.

## Manazarta
Rukunin P8

**Ƙungiyar P8** ta tattara manyan shugabanni daga wasu manyan kuɗaɗen fansho na duniya don haɓaka ayyuka da suka shafi al'amuran duniya musamman sauyin yanayi. Yana da wani yunƙuri na Shirin Cambridge don Jagorancin Dorewa (CPSL) da HRH Prince of Wales 's Business and Environment Programme (BEP) goyon bayan Babban Muhalli Capital Group (ECG) da Nand & Jeet Khemka Foundation.

Rukunin P8 ya ƙunshi manyan kuɗaɗen fansho na duniya guda goma da asusun arziƙi, gami da wakilai daga Turai, Asiya, Australasia da Arewacin Amurka. Suna wakiltar sama da dala tiriliyan 3 na jarin jari kuma kamar yadda kuɗaɗen fensho ke da fifiko na dogon lokaci.

Acikin Nuwamba 2007 an gudanar da taron farko na P8.Wannan ya tattaro shugabanni daga cikin manyan kuɗaɗen fansho takwas na duniya tare da manyan masana ciki harda mataimakin shugaban ƙasa Al Gore da HRH Yariman Wales. Taron P8 ya kasance farkon farawa mai mahimmanci na samun kudaden fensho don jagoranci acikin yunƙurin zuwa tattalin arzikin ƙarancin carbon. Mahalarta taron sun amince su cigaba da yin aiki tare don magance sauyin yanayi, duka acikin ƙungiyoyin su da kuma a matsayin ƙungiya don rinjayar manufofi da kasuwanni.

Ƙungiyar, a wannan lokaci 10 kudaden fansho, sun sake haduwa a Yuli 2008 don ci gaba da inganta dabarun su. A wannan taron HRH Yariman Wales ya yi maraba da ci gaba da "yunkurin sanya kudi masu yawa a cikin zuba jari da ke magance sauyin yanayi."

Wannan ƙungiya yanzu ta wargaje, kuma P80 Group Foundation ta maye gurbinta a cikin 2010.

## Mambobin P8

* CalPERS
* CalSTRS
* Jihar New York
* British Columbia
* AP7
* APG
* Tsarin Babban Jami'o'in Burtaniya (USS)
* ACSI
* Asusun Fansho na Koriya
* Kudin hannun jari Sovereign Wealth Fund

## Duba kuma

* Taswirar hanya ta Bali

## Manazarta
Haɗin gwiwar ƙafafen yaɗa labarai na Pan-Afrika akan sauyin yanayi

**Ƙungiyar Watsa Labarai ta Pan-Afrika don Sauyin Yanayi** (PAMACC), ɗaya ce daga cikin ƙungiyoyin ƴan jaridun muhalli na Afirka. An ƙirƙiro shine a watan Yunin 2013 a wani taron bita da ƙungiyar Pan African Climate Justice Alliance ta shiryawa 'yan jaridu na Afirka.

Manufar PAMACC ita ce ta tallafa wa 'yan jarida don inganta rahotanninsu kan sauyin yanayi kuma ta kafa gidan yanar gizon da za su ba da labarunsu.

Tana da masu gudanar da shiyya-shiyya, waɗanda zasu ƙarfafa gwiwar ‘yan jarida su kafa hukumomin ƙasa a kowace ƙasa. Jami'ar Kudancin Afirka, Sellina Nkowani daga Malawi, ta kuma bayyana cewa tana son ƙungiyar ta ƙarfafa gwiwar mata 'yan jarida don ba da rahoto kan sauyin yanayi. Sauran masu gudanar da ayyukan yankin su ne Elias Ngalame daga Kamaru (na Afirka ta Tsakiya), Atayi Babs Opaluwah daga Najeriya (na Afirka ta Yamma) da Kizito Makoye daga Tanzaniya (na Gabashin Afirka). Isaiah Esipisu daga Kenya zai yi aiki a matsayin mai gudanar da harkokin nahiyar baki daya.

Wasu muhimman ayyuka da tsare-tsare da PAMACC ta aiwatar sun haɗa da:

# PAMACC tana ba da horo da goyan baya ga 'yan jarida da ƙungiyoyin watsa labarai kan yadda za su ba da rahoto kan batutuwan sauyin yanayi ta hanyar da ta dace, mai jan hankali, da kuma isa ga jama'a.
# PAMACC tana ba da shawarar manufofi da ayyuka da ke tallafawa rage sauyin yanayi da daidaitawa a Afirka, tare da yin hulɗa tare da masu tsara manufofi da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki don wayar da kan jama'a game da gaggawar lamarin.
# PAMACC tana gudanar da kamfen na kafofin watsa labarai don wayar da kan jama'a game da sauyin yanayi da tasirinsa ga al'ummomin Afirka, da kuma karfafa ayyuka a matakan mutum da na al'umma.
# PAMACC tana aiki don gina hanyoyin sadarwa da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin 'yan jarida, ƙungiyoyin watsa labarai, ƙungiyoyin jama'a, da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki don haɓaka tasirin ayyukanta da shirye-shiryenta.

## Manazarta
Ƙungiyar Binciken Gas na Pastoral Greenhouse

Ƙungiyar **Pastoral Greenhouse Gas Research Consortium,** (PGGRC) tana gudanar da bincike don nemo hanyoyin rage hayakin iskar gas daga dabbobi. Ƙungiyar, wadda aka, kafa acikin 2004, tana da Ƙa'idar Fahimta tare da Gwamnatin New Zealand. Kusan rabin iskar gas da ake fitarwa a New Zealand na faruwa ne saboda noma kuma tun lokacin da gwamnatin New Zealand ta rattaba hannu tareda amincewa da hanyoyin yarjejeniyar Kyoto ana neman rage wannan hayaƙi.

A shekara ta 2003 gwamnati tayi ƙoƙarin sanya harajin bincike kan hayaƙin noma a kan manoma don samar da kuɗin gudanar da bincike kan rage hayaƙin noma amma abin ya ci tura kuma akayi watsi da shawarar. PGGRC wata hanya ce ta magance hayaƙin noma.

Wani bita mai zaman kansa acikin 2006 ya gano cewa PGGRC tana samar da manyan bincike na duniya kuma yana da kyakkyawan darajar kuɗi.

## Abokan hulɗa
Abokan hulɗa acikin ƙungiyar sune:

* AgResearch
* Fonterra
* Binciken Fert
* PGG Wrightson
* DairyNZ
* Binciken Deer
* Nama & Wool New Zealand

Abokan haɗin gwiwa sune Ma'aikatar Noma da Gandun daji, NIWA da Gidauniyar Bincike, Kimiyya da Fasaha. Ana gudanar da bincike ta AgResearch, DairyNZ, LIC da Jami'ar Lincoln.

## Duba kuma

* Noma a New Zealand
* Canjin yanayi a New Zealand
* Muhalli na New Zealand

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Ƙungiyar Binciken Gas na Pastoral Greenhouse
Raka'a Cire

**Rukunin Cire** (RMU) shine kimar carbon da za'a iya siyar da shi ko kuma 'Kyoto Unit' wanda ke wakiltar izini don fitarda ton daya na iskar gas din da aka shafe ta hanyar cirewa ko aikin nutsewar carbon acikin kasa Annex I.

Kungiyoyin Kyoto Protocol Annex I sun kirkira kuma sun ba da su don shayar da carbon ta hanyar amfani da Kasa, canjin amfanin kasa, da ayyukan gandun daji (LULUCF)kamar sake dazuzzuka.

## Aikace-aikace
A karkashin Mataki na ashirin da 3.3 na Kyoto Protocol, Annex I Parties iya gane biosequestration, da kau da carbon dioxide daga cikin yanayi ta carbon nutse, halitta ta kai tsaye mutum-jawo daji na gandun daji, reforestation da sare gandun daji tun 1990, a kayyade ko sun sadu da su watsi da raguwa. alkawurra a karkashin Protocol. Lokacin da nutsewa ya haifar da cirewar iskar gas daga sararin samaniya, Annex I Parties na iya ba da raka'a cire (RMUs).

## Duba kuma

* Kasuwancin hayaki
* Hanyoyi masu sassauka
* Raka'a adadin da aka ware
* Tabbataccen Rage Fitarwa
* Sashin Rage Fitarwa

## Manazarta
Biyan kuɗi na Makamashi

**Biyan Kuɗi na Makamashi Maɗaukaki** madadin gasa ne ga Ƙididdigar Makamashi Mai Sabunta (REC's).

Ko da yake niyya tareda hanyoyi biyu iri ɗaya ne, don haɓɓaka a madadin da sararin makamashi mai sabuntawa, REP's sun tabbatar da bada fa'ida ga ayyukan gida, kasuwanci da tattalin arziƙi yayin dake samar da cigaban da za'a iya bada rance da cibiyoyin kuɗi.

Biyan Makamashi Mai Sabuntawa su ne dabaru ko kayan aiki a tsakiyar takamaiman jaha, lardi ko na ƙasa manufofin sabunta makamashi. REPs wani abin ƙarfafawa ne ga masu gida, manoma, kasuwanci, da dai sauransu, don zama masu samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa, ko ƙara yawan samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa. Don haka, suna haɓaka samar da makamashi gaba ɗaya da amfani da makamashi mai sabuntawa, kuma suna rage yawan amfaninmu da ƙonewar burbushin mai.

Acikin faffaɗan bugun jini, Biyan Makamashi Masu Sabuntawa, wani lokacin da aka fi sani da Tariff Feed-in yana sanya wajibai a kan kamfanoni masu amfani don siyan wutar lantarki daga tushen makamashi mai sabuntawa, galibi kanana, kamfanoni na gida, na wani ƙayyadadden lokaci. Maƙasudin maƙasudin shine cewa tareda ƙayyadaddun biyan kuɗi, ayyukan makamashi da ake sabunta su a da, yanzu sun zama abin lamuni kuma mai ban sha'awa don bada kuɗi, don haka yana haɓɓaka da ƙima. Magoya bayan Biyan Kuɗi na Makamashi na Sabunta suna jayayya cewa wannan manufar ta tabbatar da haɓaka tattalin arziƙin cikin gida, ƙirƙira da haɓakar ƙananan kasuwancin saboda a cikin ainihin tsarin REP ya sanya kowa da kowa, ko ƙananan 'yan kasuwa, mutum, ko manoma a kan kafa ɗaya tare da manyan titan kasuwanci na masana'antu.

Wakilin Jay Inslee na Washington yace "Za mu iya ba masu gida, manoma da al'ummomi a duk faɗin Amurka tsaro, saka hannun jari da zasu iya kai wa banki. Mun sani daga gogewa a Jamus, Spain da sauran ƙasashe da dama na duniya cewa wannan tsarin manufofin yana haifar da cigaban makamashi maras misaltuwa da araha mai araha."

Madadin Biyan Kuɗi na Makamashi na Sabuntawa shine abin da ake kira Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Makamashi, wanda aka kwatanta da gadar Alaska ba tare da wani wuri ba a cikin kwanan nan ta hanyar Florida Alliance for Renewable Energy. (FARA)

## Manazarta
Gudu akan Yanayi

***Running On Climate*** wani shiri ne na Robert Alstead da Joanna Clarke na icycle.ca productions Ltd. Fim din yana mayar da hankali kan yaƙin neman zaɓe a 2013,, na masanin kimiyyar yanayi Andrew J. Weaver a matsayin ɗan majalisar dokoki na farko na Green Party a British Columbia, Kanada.

*Gudu akan Yanayi* da aka fara a bikin Documentary Film Festival a Vancouver a watan Mayu 2015.

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Na Reelhouse
Ƙarshen Lokaci (relay)

Gudun **Ƙarshe;** taron ne da ake amfani da shi don haɓɓaka tattaunawa game da sauyin yanayi. Wannan shine mafi tsayin daka bada tsayawa ba da aka taɓayi tare da masu gudu, masu keke da matuƙan ruwa suna aiki tare don wuce sandar hannu da hannu daga COP26 a Glasgow zuwa COP27 a Sharm El Sheikh. Ita dai sandar ta bi ta kasashe 18 ba tare da tsayawa ba: Birtaniya, Faransa, Belgium, Netherlands, Jamus, Austria, Italiya, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia da Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania, Girka, Cyprus, Isra'ila da Masar. Tafiya mai tsawon  ya dauki kwana arba'in.

## Manazarta
Dork Sahagian

**Dork Sahagian** ɗan ƙasar Armeniya masanin kimiyyar yanayi ne. Shine Darakta na Ƙaddamar da Muhalli a Jami'ar Lehigh a Baitalami, Pennsylvania. Ya ƙirƙiro wata dabara don ƙididdige yawan iskar duniya a da, bisa bambancin girman kumfa acikin sanyin dutsen mai aman wuta.

## Manazarta
Ƙungiyar Ceton Kan Mu

**Ceci Kan mu** shine sunan ƙungiyar masu fafutuka da aka shirya don wayarda kan jama'a game da sauyin yanayi a duniya. Su ne masu shirya wasannin kiɗe-kiɗe na Live Earth na Yuli 2007.

An kafa ƙungiyar ta Kevin Wall, kuma ya haɗa da a matsayin manyan abokan tarayya tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Amurka Al Gore, Alliance for Climate Protection, MSN da Control Room, Kamfanin samar da kiɗe-kiɗe da ke samar da Live Earth.

## Duba kuma

* *[[Gaskiya mai Rashin Dacewa (Fim)|Gaskiya mara dadi]]*
* Hurricane Katrina
* Aiki akan sauyin yanayi
* Kyoto Protocol
* Siyasar dumamar yanayi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Ceci Kanmu - Wanene Mu, Gidan Yanar Gizon Duniya Live
* ''Menene Kiɗa Ya Kamata Da Canjin Yanayi?'' National Geographic ranar 6 ga Yuli, 2007
Ayyukan Halayen Yanayi

**Ayyukan Halayen Yanayi** wani yanki ne na weather'prediction.net, tare da tallafi daga WWF. Yana gudanar da ƙirar ƙira mai ƙarfi don ƙoƙarin tantance iyakar abubuwan da ke haifar da matsanancin yanayi ga ɗumamar yanayi da ɗan adam ke haifarwa.

Aikin ya daina bada ƙarin ayyuka, duk da haka an sami ƙarin aikin don gwada yanayin zafin teku na huɗu. Har'ila yau za'a yarda da aikin na yanzu kuma za'a yi amfani da shi don haɗin gwiwa da yiwuwar sake bitar takardu yayin aikin bita.

Za'a fara ƙarin  bada daɗewa ba.

## Gwaje-gwajen

* **Ambaliyar ruwa ta [[United Kingdom]] na Autumn 2000** - Aikin yanzu.
* **Fakitin dusar ƙanƙara na tsaunin dusar ƙanƙara a yammacin Arewacin Amirka** An haɓaka shi tare da haɗin gwiwar Ƙungiyar Tasirin Yanayi a Jami'ar Washington.
* **Ana fama da zafi a [[Afirka ta Kudu]] da [[Indiya]]**

Na ƙarshe biyu za su yi amfani da samfuri iri ɗaya. An shigar da bayanai amma har yanzu ba a fara nazarin bayanan da aka samar ba.

## Duba kuma

* Tasirin dumamar yanayi

## Manazarta
Matakan Tekun Kudancin Pasifik da Aikin Sa Ido na Yanayi

**Matsayin  Tekun Kudancin Pasifik da Ayyukan Kula da Yanayi;** (SPSLCMP) wani aiki ne wanda gwamnatin Ostiraliya ta ƙaddamar. Babban burin aikin shine, samar da ingantattun bayanai na dogon lokaci na bambancin matakin teku acikin tekun Pasifik
 da Kudancin Pacific.

## Mahalarta
Akwai tsibiran Pasifik guda 14, dake shiga cikin matakin teku da aikin lura da yanayi. Waɗannan sun haɗa da:

* Tsibirin Cook
* Jihohin Tarayyar Micronesia
* Fiji
* Kiribati
* Tsibirin Marshall
* Nauru
* Niue
* Palau
* Papua New Guinea
* Samoa
* Solomon Islands
* Tonga
* Tuvalu
* Vanuatu

## Manazarta
Stockholm Memorandum

**Yarjejeniyar Stockholm;** takarda ce da aka sanya wa hannu a watan Mayun 2011 da yawa daga masu samun lambar yabo ta Nobel bisa ga hukuncin da aka yanke na shari'ar dan Adam, wanda ya bude taron karawa juna sani na Nobel Laureate Symposium na 3. Jury na Nobel Laureates sun yanke shawarar cewa Duniya ta shiga wani sabon yanayin yanayin kasa, wanda ta kira Anthropocene, wanda mutane ne mafi mahimmancin direba na sauyin yanayi na duniya, kuma acikin abin da ayyukan haɗin gwiwar ɗan adam na iya haifar da ba zato ba tsammani kuma ba za'a iya jurewa ga al'ummomin ɗan adam ba. tsarin muhalli. An sanya hannu kan takardar  ta 20 wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel ko lambar yabo ta Sveriges Riksbank don Kimiyyar Tattalin Arziki acikin ƙwaƙwalwar Alfred Nobel (shida acikin Chemistry, biyar a Physics, uku acikin Physiology ko Medicine, ɗaya acikin Adabi, Kyautar Zaman Lafiya ɗaya). wanda yayi nasara kuma hudu a Kimiyyar Tattalin Arziki) an gabatarda shiga Babban Kwamitin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan dorewar duniya.

"Mune ƙarni na farko tareda fahimtar sabbin haɗarin duniya da ke fuskantar bil'adama, cewa mutane da al'ummomi sune manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da sauyin duniya. Binciken asali ba acikin tambaya: ba za mu iya cigaba da kan hanyarmu ta yanzu ba kuma muna buƙatar ɗaukar mataki da sauri. Kimiyya za ta iya jagorance mu wajen gano hanyar da za ta kai ga dorewar duniya, muddin ta kuma shiga tattaunawa da al'umma, "in ji Farfesa Mario Molina, wanda ya zama alƙali kuma ya samu kyautar Nobel a fannin ilmin sinadarai a shekarar 1995.

## Ƙarshe
Mahimmin ƙarshen yarjejeniyar Stockholm ya haɗa da:

* cewa dorewar muhalli wani sharadi ne na kawar da talauci, ci gaban tattalin arziki, da adalci na zamantakewa;
* cewa cimma burin ci gaban karni shi ne babban fifiko, tun da kusan kashi uku na duniya na kashe kasa da dala 2 a kowace rana;
* cewa Babban Haɗin Cikin Gida (GDP) bai isa a matsayin alamar tattalin arziki ba, don haka, dole ne a samar da sabbin alamomin jin daɗin ɗan adam;
* cewa dumamar yanayi dole ne a kiyaye kasa da digiri 2 Celsius, wanda, bi da bi, yana buƙatar kololuwar hayakin carbon dioxide a duniya nan da shekara ta 2015;
* cewa dole ne a samar da sabon juyin juya halin noma ta yadda za a samar da karin abinci ta hanyar dawwama a filayen noma da ake amfani da su a halin yanzu. 

## Manazarta
Sun come Up (fim)

***Sun Come Up*** fim ne na gaskiya na 2010 akan tasirin dumamar yanayi a tsibirin Carteret. Fim ɗin ya nuna a shekarar 2010 Full Frame Documentary Film Festival a Afrilu 8. An ba shi suna a matsayin wanda aka zaɓa don lambar yabo ta Academy don Mafi kyawun Takaddun shaida (Short Subject) a lambar yabo ta 83rd Academy Awards a ranar 25 ga Janairu, 2011, amma ya ɓace ga Baƙi Babu Ƙari.  

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* 
* ''Sun Come Up'' at New Day Films
* The Love Story Behind Oscar Nominee 'Sun Come Up' NPR, February 26, 2011
Tiempo (shiri)

**Tiempo** shiri ne na ayyukan da ke baiwa kasashe masu tasowa bayanan da suka wajaba don mayar da martani yadda ya kamata kan batun sauyin yanayi. Tiempo yana bada bayanai don taimaka wa waɗannan ƙasashe su shiga shawarwarin yarjejeniyar sauyin yanayi, da ganowa da aiwatar da matakan da suka dace na rage fitar da hayaƙi da dai-daitawa. Har'ila yau, ya samar da dandalin sadarwa da muhawara a tsakanin ƙasashe masu tasowa da kuma tsakanin Waɗannan kasashe da kasashen duniya masu cigaban masana'antu.

Cibiyar Muhalli ta Stockholm da Cibiyar Muhalli da CiGaba ta Duniya ne suka shirya Tiempo tare. Hukumar Haɗin kai ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta Sweden ce ta ɗauki nauyinsa.

## Yanar Gizo
Gidan yanar gizon Tiempo yana ba da bayani game da canjin yanayi. Ya ƙunshi "The Tiempo Climate Portal", jerin shafukan yanar gizo da aka zaɓa waɗanda ke rufe yanayi da ci gaba da kuma batun da ya shafi, da kuma "Tiempo Climate Newswatch", mujallar kan layi ta mako-mako tare da labarai, fasalulluka da sharhi game da dumama na duniya, canjin yanayi, hauhawar matakin teku da batutuwan ci gaba.

## Buga mujallu
*Tiempo* mujalla ce ta kwata-kwata wacce ke bada labarai da bayanai ga kwararru da masu karatu na gaba ɗaya kan batutuwan sauyin yanayi, kuma suna bada dama ga marubutan ƙasashe masu tasowa su gabatar da ra'ayoyinsu. Yana cigaba da samarwa tun 1994. Kowace fitowar mujalla tana ɗauke da zane mai ban dariya, wasu daga cikinsu suna da cece-kuce. Saleemul Huq, Hannah Reid, Sarah Granich, Mick Kelly da Johan Kuylenstierna ne suka shirya Tiempo a halin yanzu.

*Tiempo Afrique* sigar yanki ce ta harshen Faransanci na mujallar Tiempo na kwata na Afirka ta yamma. Ƙungiyar muhalli ENDA-TM ce ke samar da ita a Dakar, Senegal. A halin yanzu Djimingue Nanasta, Jean-Philippe Thomas da Lawrence Flint ne suka shirya Tiempo Afrique.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Gidan yanar gizon Tiempo
* Mujallar TIEMPO da suka gabata
* Mujallar TIEMPO AFRIQUE abubuwan da suka gabata
Zuwa Karshe (fim)

***Har zuwa Ƙarshe*** fim ɗin shirin fim ne na Amurka na 2022, wanda Rachel Lears ya jagoranta.Fim ɗin yana mayar da hankali kan sauyin yanayi kuma yana nuna Wakilin Amurka Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez,Varshini Prakash,wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar Sunrise Movement, Alexandra Rojas, babban darektan jam'iyyar Democrats, da Rhiana Gunn-Wright, darektan manufofin sauyin yanayi na Roosevelt. Cibiyar.Fim ɗin yayi muhawara a bikin Fim na Sundance na 2022, kuma an gabatar da shi a bikin Fim ɗin Tribeca a watan Yuni 2022.

## liyafar
Yayin da fim ɗin gaba ɗaya ya sami karɓuwa daga masu suka, fim ɗin ya gaza cika tsammanin a ofishin akwatin. A karshen mako na bude fim din, an nuna fim din a kan fuska 120 a faɗin Amurka, inda ya samu dala 9,667.

## Manazarta
Jimlar tasirin ɗumamar yanayi

**Jimlar tasirin dumamar yanayi** (**TEWI**) baya ga yuwuwar ma'aunin dumamar yanayi da ake amfani da shi don bayyana gudummawar dumamar yanayi.

An ayyana shi azaman jimlar fitar da hayaki kai tsaye (sinadaran) da fitar da kai tsaye (amfani da makamashi) na iskar gas.

## Manazarta

### Sources

*
Sufuri da Ƙaddamar yanayi

**Shirin Sufuri da Yanayin Yanayi** wani tsari ne na 2010  da aka gabatar acikin Amurka, wanda ke da nufin iyakance hayaƙin iskar gas daga tushen man ababen hawa a arewa maso gabashin Amurka, ta hanyar amfani da hula da tsarin kasuwanci akan masu siyar da kaya. kafofin yaɗa labarai sun kuma kira shirin a matsayin **Yarjejeniyar Yanayi ta Arewa maso Gabas.**

Hukunce-hukuncen da ke halartar tattaunawar sune Gundumar Columbia da jihohin Amurka na Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, da kuma Virginia.Yawancin waɗannan hukunce-hukuncen sun riga sun shiga cikin Ƙaddamarwar Gas na Yanki, tsarin tafiya-da-ciniki don fitar da iskar gas daga wutar lantarki.

Idan da an aiwatar da shirin, da farashin mai a jihohin da ke shiga ya ƙaru. Ƙididdiga sun tashi daga 5 zuwa 24 cents ga galan acikin 2023. Su ma shugabannin siyasa sun damu cewa harajin zai fi yiwa talakawa wahala.

Shawarar ta wargaje yayin bala'in COVID-19 a Amurka . Massachusetts ya janye daga yarjejeniyar a watan Nuwamba 2021, yana ambaton sabbin hanyoyin samar da kudade don "inganta hanyoyinta, gadoji da tsarin zirga-zirgar jama'a".  Jiha ta ƙarshe da ta janye ita ce tsibirin Rhode. 

## Manazarta
Twisted: Karkatar Lissafi na Ƙimar Greenhouse

***Twisted: Ƙwararrun Lissafi na Greenhouse Denial*** littafi ne na 2007 na Ian G. Enting, wanda shine Farfesa a Cibiyar Nazarin ARC na Ƙwararren Ƙarfafawa da aka Yi, wanda shine 2007 na Ian G. Enting, wanda shi ne Farfesa na Farfesa a Cibiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙididdiga (MASCOS) a Jami'ar Melbourne. Littafin yayi nazarin muhawarar masu hana sauyin yanayi da amfani da gabatar da ƙididdiga. Masu fafutuka sun ce akwai sabani acikin mahawararsu daban-daban. Marubucin ya kuma gabatar da ƙididdigar ainihin matakan fitar da hayaki da za a buƙaci don daidaita abubuwan CO2. Wannan sabuntawa ne na ƙididdiga waɗanda ya ba da gudummawa ga rahoton gabanin Kyoto IPCC kan Radiative Force of Climate.

## Duba kuma

* Canjin yanayi
* Tasirin greenhouse
* Radiative tilasta

## Manazarta
Kunun Aduwa

## Kunun Aduwa
Aduwa dai wata bishiya ce mai ƴaƴa  wacce takeda ƙayoyi dayawa ajikin ta, wasu ma suna kiranta da bishiyar ƙaya. Ƴaƴan Aduwa suna da zaƙi idan suka nuna, amma akwai wasu masu daci daga cikin ƴaƴan Aduwa.

### Yanda ake kunun aduwa
Idan an wanke aduwar sai a jiƙa ta aruwa ta kwana kamar biyu zuwa uku, zata jika sosai.

Sannan za'a  cire kwallayen Aduwar ayayinda tanarke acikin ruwan.

Sai asamu garin gero, da gyaɗa, sai a zuba a blander ko injin markaɗe amarkaɗa aguri guda.

Bayan an tafasa ruwa sai azuba akan kamun nasu.

Nan take zai koma kunun aduwa.

Idan Kuma yayi sanyi

Zaiyi tauri ne kamar Gaya.

## Manazarta
Dabarun koyarwa

## DABARUN KOYARWA
Dabarun koyarwa itace hanyoyi na kima da dabara Wanda malami yake amfani dashi awajen koyarwa.

Afagen koyarwa Kwarewar Malami wajen amfani da hikima da fasa domin Jan hankalin dalibi akan darasi, yana taka muhimmiyar rawar gani wajen saukakawa dalibai fahimtar karatu.

## Misalin ire-iren dabarun koyarwa

* Dabarar koyarwa tahanyar wasa
* Dabarar koyarwa baidaya
* Dabarar koyarwa ta hanyar tattaunawa
* Dabarar koyarwa ta hanyar barin aji da dalibai
*