open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Roslyn Oxley9

**Gidan Tarihi na Roslyn Oxley9** wani gidan tarihi ne na fasaha a Sydney, mallakar Roslyn Oxley da mijinta Tony Oxley ne kuma ke gudanarwa. Gidan Tarihi ya daɗe yana ba da gudummawa ga bikin baje kolin fasaha na yanki, ƙasa da na duniya,  kuma yana goyon bayan nau'ikan masu fasaha na zamani iri ɗaya da na zamani daban-daban.  Masu fasaha da Roslyn Oxley9 Gallery suka wakilta sun haɗa da Isaac Julien, Yayoi Kusama da wakilan Ostiraliya da New Zealand a Venice Biennale.

## Tarihi
An buɗe gidan hotunan a Titin Macdonald, Paddington, a watan Maris na 1982 tare da baje kolin zane-zane na Gareth Sansom . Nunin na biyu na gidan hotunan wani ɓangare ne na Biennale na Sydney, lokacin da mai zane-zanen gidan hotunan Juan Davila mai zane-zane da yawa 'Stupid as a Painter' ya sami shahara cikin sauri.

### shekarun 1980
A shekarar 1983, an haɗa masu fasahar gallery guda 12 a cikin 'D'un autre continent: l'Australie, le rêve et le réel' a ARC, Paris Museum of Modern Art. [undefined] An haɗa Mike Parr da Ken Unsworth a cikin 'An Australian Accent', nunin Kaldor Public Art Projects Projects wanda ya yi tafiya zuwa MoMA PS1 na New York da Corcoran Gallery of Art na Washington DC a 1984.[2] A wannan shekarar, masu fasahar gallery, Dale Frank, John Nixon da Vivienne Shark LeWitt, an haɗa su a cikin 'Australian Visions' a Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York.[1] An haɗa masu fasahar gallery guda 6 'Edge to Edge: Australian Contemporary Art to Japan' waɗanda suka yi tafiya zuwa Osaka, Tokyo, Nagoya da Hokkaido.[3] A shekarar 1986, Roslyn Oxley9 Gallery ta gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo na farko na Marc Newson, tare da Lockheed Lounge Seminal.[4]

## Masu fasaha
Gidan Tarihi na Roslyn Oxley9 yana wakiltar masu fasaha sama da 40 daga fannoni daban-daban na fasaha, ban da gidajen Robert Campbell Junior, Rosalie Gascoigne da Bronwyn Oliver. Gidan Tarihi ya haɓaka ayyukan masu fasaha na ƙasashen duniya na Australiya kamar A Constructed World, Fiona Hall, Bill Henson, Tracey Moffatt, David Noonan da Patricia Piccinini, kuma ya haɓaka ayyukan masu fasaha na ƙasashen duniya kamar Wim Delvoye, Isaac Julien, Teppei Kaneuji da Yayoi Kusama. 

## Manazarta
Yola Mgogwana

**Yola Mgogwana** (an haife ta a shekara ta 2008) 'yar gwagwarmayar yanayi ce ta Afirka ta Kudu daga Khayelitsha, Cape Town.

Yunkurin Mgogwana ya fara ne a shekarar 2019, lokacin da take da shekaru goma sha ɗaya, bayan ta damu game da gurɓataccen yanayi, yanayin yanayi mai ban mamaki, da kuma rikicin ruwa mai tasowa a kasar ta. Ta kasance wahayi ga matasa a Afirka don shiga cikin gwagwarmayarta don Adalci na yanayi. Tare da Kiara Nirghin da Ruby Sampson, an yaba da ita a matsayin amsar Afirka ta Kudu ga mai fafutukar yanayin yanayi na Sweden Greta Thunberg.

## Rayuwa
Mgogwana dalibi ne a makarantar firamare ta Yolomela da ke Khayelitsha, daya daga cikin garuruwan da suka fi talauci a Cape Town. A halin yanzu daliba ce a Curro. Malamin muhalli shine Xoli Fuyani, wanda shine mai ba da shawara kuma babban abokin aiki a cikin aikinta, kuma shi ne mai kula da ilimin muhalli a aikin Earthchild, Ƙungiyar da ba ta da riba Mgogwana tana da alaƙa da ita.

## Yunkurin gwagwarmayar yanayi
Mgogwana ya kasance mai gabatarwa mai aiki a makarantu kuma ya bukaci gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu da ta dauki mataki na gaggawa kan canjin yanayi.

A watan Janairun 2019, ta fara aikin sa kai tare da Earthchild Project Eco-Warriors, shirin bayan makaranta wanda ke da niyyar hada horar da jagoranci, ƙwarewar rayuwa da ilimin muhalli. A cewarta, yanayin yanayi mara kyau a Khayelitsha, babban alama ce cewa muna buƙatar canza hanyoyinmu kuma mu tsaya don yanayi - saboda gwamnatinmu tana son samun riba daga muhalli, maimakon aiwatar da manufofi da ke kare shi. The Earthchild Project kungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke da niyyar kawo ilimin muhalli a cikin al'ummomi da ɗakunan ajiya waɗanda ba su riga sun sami damar samun wannan ilimin ba. 

A watan Maris na shekara ta 2019, ta shiga tafiyarta ta farko a waje da majalisar dokokin Cape Town tana neman ingantaccen manufofi da adalci. A lokacin wannan taron ta yi magana ga masu sauraro 2,000 a Cape Town game da adalci na yanayi.

## Kafofin yada labarai sun ambaci
Mgogwana ta sami karbuwa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na ƙasa da na duniya a matsayin sanannen matashi mai fafutukar yanayi wanda ya yi daidai da Greta Thunberg a Afirka ta Kudu.

## Manazarta
Sylvia Tulloch

**Sylvia Tulloch** AM masanin kimiyyar kayan Australiya ce, wacce aka ba ta lambar yabo ta Order of Australia a shekarar 2025 saboda aikinta a fannin makamashi mai sabuntawa, kirkire-kirkire da kuma fannin kasuwanci na fasaha,   ta ƙware a cikin cleantech da decarbonisation. Tana ɗaya daga cikin masu gabatarwa na masana'antar hasken rana ta Australiya, kuma mace ce da ta kafa kuma 'Angel Investor' mace.  

## Ilimi da aiki
Tulloch tana da digiri na farko na Kimiyya, da kuma Masters of Materials Science - Ceramics, duka daga Jami'ar New South Wales.

Tulloch ya kasance memba na kamfanoni daban-daban na masana'antar tsabta. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin membobin Majalisar Innovation ta Masana'antu ta gaba. Ya zuwa 2025, ita ma shugabar Hukumar Ba da Shawara ta Kasuwanci ta ACT Renewable Energy Fund.

Tulloch ya kuma kasance co-kafa kuma darektan Halocell, wanda aka fi sani da Greatcell Energy, manajan darektan Dyesol, daga 2004 zuwa 2012, kuma wanda ya kafa Silicon Technologies Australia, daga 1987 zuwa 2000. Ta kasance Babban Masanin Kimiyya na Morganiste Australia daga 1975 zuwa 1977.

Tulloch ta rike matsayi da yawa a fagen makamashi mai sabuntawa, gami da Darakta na Uniflow Power, Darakta ya SunDrive Solar, Shugaban Lava Blue,  da kuma shugaban kwamitin ba da shawara na kasuwanci na Asusun Sabunta Makamashi, daga 2016 zuwa 2021. Ta kasance Shugabar Zeotech Limited, kamfani wanda ke aiwatar da masana'antu kaolin da ma'adanai, don ƙera zeolits. A Lava Blue, ta kuma kasance shugabar kamfanin, wanda ya haɓaka kayan da ke da tsarkakewa, don samar da Batirin hasken rana, da sauran fasahar makamashi. Tulloch kuma ita ce shugabar wani kamfani wanda ke da hannu wajen bunkasa fasahar firikwensin tare da aikace-aikacen likita, Balance Mat.

Tulloch ita ce Shugaban Griffin Accelerator Holdings, kuma ɗaya daga cikin membobin kwamitin Cibiyar Nazarin Canberra.

Tulloch 'Angel Investor' ce, bayan ta sayar da kasuwancin ta a shekarar 2012, sannan ta yanke shawarar raba dukiyarta a wasu kamfanoni da yawa a farkon farawa. Tulloch tana ɗaya daga cikin mata kalilan da suka kafa, https://cbrin.com.au/general-news/newyear-newdirectors ko mata masu saka hannun jari na Mala'iku, kuma Tulloch kuma masu ba da shawara kuma suna ba da shawara game da kasuwanci da haraji, da kuma gabatarwa ga ayyukan kasuwanci masu dacewa kamar lauyoyin patent.

A kan aikin Tulloch, bayan ta sayar da kasuwancin ta a shekarar 2012 bayan shekaru bakwai na lissafi a kan ASX, ta kasance kujera ko memba na kwamitin don farawa daban-daban na fasaha mai tsabta. Ta kuma jagoranci farawa daban-daban, gami da farawa mai zurfi na Canberra, PPB, da sauran kamfanoni ta hanyar Griffin Accelerator.

## Manazarta
Nuni na wucin gadi a Art Gallery na New South Wales

**Wannan jerin baje kolin** na wucin gadi ne da aka gudanar a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na New South Wales, Sydney Ostiraliya, wanda aka shirya bisa ga tsarin lokaci kuma aka tsara shi bisa ga shekaru goma.

Ba a lissafa a nan ba ne nunin faifai na wucin gadi da Gallery ke shiryawa akai-akai, kamar ArtExpress mai daɗewa, Archibald Prize, Sulman Prize, Wynne Prize da kyaututtukan fasaha na Dobell.

Ana yi wa nunin yawon buɗe ido alama da tauraro (*).

## shekarun 1900

## shekarun 1970

## shekarun 1980

## Manazarta
Fred Thiel

**Fred Thiel** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1960) babban jami'in kasuwanci ne na Amurka kuma Shugaba na Thiel Advisors da kamfanin hakar ma'adinai na MARA Holdings .  Thiel shine tsohon Shugaba na GameSpy, Kamfanin Gida, da Lantronix.

Thiel yana aiki a matsayin tsohon shugaban kwamitin cibiyar sadarwa ta fasahar Matasa Shugabannin kuma shine shugaban cibiyar sadarwa na Fintech. Ya kuma yi aiki a kan allon wasu kamfanoni da yawa ciki har da Oden Technologies, OptConnect, Gatekeeper Systems, da Sequent Software.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Thiel a Faransa a cikin gidan Turai-Amurka kuma ya koma Amurka lokacin da yake dan shekara guda. Thiel ya halarci azuzuwan a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta Stockholm da kuma azuzuwan zartarwa a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard. Thiel kuma yana da ƙwarewa a Turanci, Mutanen Espanya, Yaren mutanen Sweden da Faransanci. Thiel mai magana ne akai-akai game da yanayin dijital, IT, da kuma sauya masana'antu ta hanyar "Intanet na abubuwa".

## Ayyuka
Thiel was vice president and general manager of the business storage unit of CMD Technology in 1997. From 1998 to 2002 Thiel was the CEO of Lantronix, Thiel was the CEO of GameSpy from 2003 to 2004 before GameSpy merged with IGN. Thiel was the managing partner of the software group at Triton Pacific Capital Partners from 2007 to 2012.

Thiel ya sadu da Heath Clark, wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaba na Kamfanin Gida ta hanyar Ƙungiyar Matasan Shugabannin, kuma ya shiga kwamitin daraktocin Kamfanin Gidan a watan Janairun 2013.  Ya zama shugaban kwamitin Kamfanin Gida a watan Janairun 2014, kuma Shugaba a watan Mayu 2014 bayan murabus din Clark saboda dalilai na kiwon lafiya. Thiel ya kasance Shugaba har zuwa 2015, kuma yana da alhakin haɗin gwiwar Kamfanin Gida tare da FraudLogix don hana zamba na talla.

Thiel ya jagoranci Thiel Advisors, kamfanin ba da shawara, tun 2013. Ta hanyar Thiel Advisors, Thiel yana ba da shawara ga kungiyoyi kamar EQT AB da Graham Partners, kamfanonin fayil ɗin su, da kamfanoni daban-daban na matsakaici kan dabarun kirkirar darajar. An nada Thiel a cikin kwamitin daraktocin Marathon Patent Group a watan Afrilun 2018  kuma ya zama Shugaba na Marathon Digital Holdings a watan Afrilu na 2021.

## Manazarta
W. Hanselman

**W. Hanselman** mai daukar hoto ne na asalin Yahudawa wanda aka kafa a Misira. Yana aiki a Cibiyar Nazarin Anglo-Swiss ta Alkahira, an san shi da hotunan Sarki Fud I, Sarauniya Farida da sauran sarakunan Masar. A cewar mai daukar hoto na Amurka Barry Iverson (an haife shi a shekara ta 1956), Hanselman shine babban basira na daukar hoto na kotu a lokacin kuma wanda aka fi so, musamman a ƙarshen 1920s. Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan da aka fi sani da shi shine hoton hoto na baki da fari na shugaban kasar Masar kuma Firayim Minista Saad Zaghloul .
## manazarta
Magda Haroun

**Magda Tania Haroun** (An haife ta a shekara ta 1952) ita ce shugabar ƙananan al'ummar Yahudawa ta Masar.  (A halin yanzu akwai mazauna Yahudawa uku a duk Misira.) Ita ce magajin Carmen Weinstein, wacce ta jagoranci al'umma na tsawon shekaru 20 har zuwa mutuwarta a shekarar 2013.   Ita 'yar adawa ce da Zionist, kuma 'yar lauyan Yahudawa na Masar kuma ɗan siyasa Chehata Haroun .    Tana da 'ya'ya mata biyu kuma a halin yanzu tana da aure ga Katolika. 'Yar'uwarta Nadia, mataimakiyar shugaban al'umma kuma ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan mambobinta sun mutu a shekara ta 2014.

Har ila yau, tana ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin Drop of Milk, ƙungiyar da aka keɓe don adana al'adun Yahudawa a Misira.

## Dubi kuma

## manazarta
Albert Hemmo

**Albert Ibrahim Hemmo** (sauran rubutun: Avraham, Hammo, Hemo, Hamo, Ibrananci: ; an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Yuli, 1934) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon Kwando ne kuma kocin Isra'ila. Ya taka leda a Gasar Firimiya ta Isra'ila, da kuma tawagar kasar Isra'ila.

## Ayyukan kulob din
Hemmo, wanda ke da   in (1.93 , an haife shi ne a Alkahira, Misira, kuma Bayahude ne. A Misira, ya buga wasan kwando ga Maccabi Cairo .  Ya yi hijira daga Masar zuwa Isra'ila a shekarar 1948.

Ya buga wasanni 15 a Gasar Firimiya ta Isra'ila .  A wannan lokacin, Hemmo ya buga wa Hapoel Haifa, Hapoel Ramat Gan, Hapoel Gvat, da Hapoel Megido wasa.

## Ayyukan ƙungiyar ƙasa
Hemmo ya buga wa manyan 'yan wasan Isra'ila wasa a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 1959 FIBA, gasar cin kocin Turai ta 1961 FIBA, da kuma gasar cin kofi ta Turai ta 1964 FIBA . 

## Ayyukan horarwa
Bayan ya yi ritaya daga wasan kwando na kulob din, Hemmo ya zama kocin kwando. Daga 1973 zuwa 1975, ya kasance babban kocin babbar kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Isra'ila.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Hemmo dan sanda ne, a cikin 'Yan sanda na Isra'ila ta hanyar sana'a, kuma daga ƙarshe ya zama mataimakin shugaban' yan sanda, a yankin Yarkon . 

## Manazarta
Dawood Hosni

**Dawood Hosni** (an haife shi **David Haim Levi**, 26 ga Fabrairu 1870 - 10 ga Disamba 1937) ya kasance mawaki na kiɗa na Masar.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Mahaifin Dawood, Khidr Hossnei, masanin kayan ado ne. Iyalin Dawood Yahudawa ne na Karaite. Dawood ya koyi aiki ga mai ɗaure littattafai, Sukkar Bookshop, yaƙi da shekaru goma; abokin ciniki, Sheikh Mohammed Abdu, ya ƙarfafa shi ya yi karatun kiɗa da waka. Mahaifinsa bai so ya zama mawaƙi ba amma ya yi tafiya zuwa Mansoura, inda ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin mawaƙa Mohammed Sahabaari . Ya koyi abun da ke ciki da oud, kuma lokacin da ya koma Alkahira, ya raira waƙoƙin Sheikh Mohammad Abdelrahim (wanda aka sani da El-Masloub). A lokacin da yake da shekaru ashirin, ya rubuta a cikin siffofin adwar, taqtuqa, da Kasida, yana kwaikwayon salon waƙoƙin Mohammed Uthman. A cikin 1932, an zaba shi don yin rikodin ayyukan Mohammed Uthman .

Ya kuma kasance mawaki na wasan kwaikwayo na farko na Masar, "Shamshoon da Delilah".

Hosni ya kirkiro ƙungiyoyi don yawancin wasan kwaikwayo na Ukasha, Muneera al-Mahdia, Naguib al-Rihani, Ali al-Kassar, da Muhammed Bahgat, kamar "Marouf al-Askafee", "Sabah", "al Brensissah", "Al Layalee al Milah", da "al Ghandoura". Ya kuma kasance malami ga Umm Kulthum  da Amal al-Atrash wanda ya kira "Asmahan".

Ɗansa, Yitzhak HaLevi (Abu Badia) ya yi Aliyah zuwa Isra'ila, kuma a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1977 ya shiga cikin Tattaunawar zaman lafiya tsakanin Isra'ila da Masar da aka gudanar a Gidan Mena a Masar 

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin Masarawa

## Manazarta
Yolanda Bako

**Yolanda Bako** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1946) 'yar Amurka ce mai fafutukar adawa da tashin hankali a cikin gida.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Yolanda Bako a Bronx; an haifi iyayenta biyu a Hungary. Mahaifinta ya kasance mai tsaron gida a mashaya. Ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar sakandare ta Evander Childs . "Lokacin da na yi tunani game da sararin samaniya, Bronx yana tsakiyarta, "ta yi sharhi game da asalinta, a cikin 1978.

## Ayyuka
Bako ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatariya kuma a Guggenheim Museum a matsayin budurwa. Ta zama mai kula da Cibiyar kawar da tashin hankali a cikin iyali,  kuma a cikin 1977 ta kafa Wurin Rayuwa na Mata a Brooklyn,  mafaka ta farko ta gari don mata da aka yi wa duka. Ta kasance malami na rigakafin fyade a Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Albert Einstein, kuma memba ne na kafa kungiyar Mayor's Task Force on Rape . Ta kasance mai aiki a cikin reshen Birnin New York na Ƙungiyar Mata ta Kasa,  kuma tare da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Yaki da Rikicin Cikin Gida.  Ta tsara 1976 Women's Walk Against Rape a Central Park, tana gaya wa *New York Times*, "Muna da damar amfani da duniya da dare".

A shekara ta 1978, ta ba da shaida a sauraron majalisa game da tashin hankali na gida da cin zarafin jima'i.[undefined][2] Ita ce marubucin How to start a county-wide task force on family violence (1980), wani ɗan littafin ga Kwamitin Sabis na Abokai na Amurka.[1] A cikin shekarun 1980 ta yi aiki a asibitin kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa na Jihar Bronx a matsayin mai ba da taimako ga lafiyar kwakwalwa, kuma a cikin 1995 ta halarci Taron Duniya na huɗu kan Mata a Beijing . [3] A cikin 2017, Bako ya yi magana a "wani taro na mata na biyu" wanda Veteran Feminists of America suka gudanar a New York. [4][3]￼

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Fiye da ƙafa shida,  Bako ta kasance mai ban sha'awa a cikin gwagwarmayar mata a cikin shekarun 1970s New York.  Takardunta suna cikin ɗakin karatu na Schlesinger a Harvard . 

## Manazarta
Yolande Harmer

**Yolande Harmer** (an haife ta **Yolande Gabbai**, Ibrananci; 1913-1959) jami'in leken asiri ne na Isra'ila wanda ke aiki a Misira a shekarar 1948. An ɗauke ta ne saboda alakar da take da ita a cikin manyan mutane da sarakuna  kuma an bayyana ta a matsayin "Mata Hari na Isra'ila".  

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Yolande Gabai (daga baya Harmer da Har-Mor) a Alexandria, Misira, ga mahaifiyar Turkiyya-Yahudawa. Ta yi aure sau uku, na farko tana da shekaru 17. An kira mijinta na farko Jacques de Botton . Ta sake shi bayan 'yan shekaru na aure - bayan sun haifi ɗa tare da shi, Gilbert de Botton . 

## Ayyukan leken asiri
Moshe Sharett, sakataren sashen siyasa na Hukumar Yahudawa, ne ya dauki Harmer a matsayin mai aiki, lokacin da ya ziyarci Masar a 1945 ko 1946. Sun hadu a wani biki na giya. A lokacin Harmer yana aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida kuma an yarda da shi a cikin manyan al'ummomin Masar. Ta sami damar tattara bayanan sirri a kotun Sarki Farouk a Alkahira. Ta yi wasu mahimman lambobin sadarwa da yawa ciki har da manyan editocin *Al-Ahram*, jaridar yau da kullun ta Masar,  Tak ed-Din as-Sulh, babban mataimakin Abdul Rahman Hassan Azzam, da Mahmoud Mahlouf, ɗan Grand Mufti na Alkahira. 

Koyaya, isar da bayanin da ta tattara matsala ce: Tana da mai watsa rediyo, amma babu wanda zai yi amfani da shi a gare ta. Ta aika da bayanin ta hanyar sabis na wasiku ta hanyar Turai ko Amurka, amma sau da yawa ana rasa lokaci mai daraja. A lokacin da take aiki a Misira sau da yawa tana yin hadari ba kawai da rayuwarta ba, har ma da rayuwar ɗanta.

A watan Yulin 1948, an kama Harmer. A watan Agusta, bayan ta yi rashin lafiya a kurkuku, an sake ta kuma an kore ta. Ta tafi Paris inda ta yi aiki a Ma'aikatar Gabas ta Tsakiya ta Ma'aikalin Harkokin Waje na Isra'ila . A lokacin aikinta a Paris ta ci gaba da hulɗarta ta Masar, ta ci gaba tilasta wa Isra'ila bayanai masu mahimmanci.

A cewar Hukumar Kula da Lafiya ta Yahudawa, "halinta mai ladabi da imani mai banƙyama, wanda ya haɗa da tallafawa kasancewar Larabawa da Yahudawa, ya bar ta a cikin sabuwar jiha" bayan 1948. Jikan Harmer, Miel de Botton, ta yi jayayya da kwatancin tsakanin Harmer da Mata Hari, tana mai cewa tana da kyakkyawar dangantaka da bangarorin biyu, amma ba wakili biyu ba ne. A cikin 1950, Harmer ya yi aiki a Madrid. Ta mutu daga ciwon daji a Urushalima a shekara ta 1959.

## manazarta
Kashe kansa na Atul Subhash

**Atul Subhash** (25 Janairu 1990  - 9 Disamba 2024) ya kasance injiniyan software kuma ƙwararren ɗan adam daga Bengaluru, Indiya, wanda aka same ya mutu a cikin gidansa a Marathahalli, bayan ya mutu ta hanyar kashe kansa ta hanyar ratayewa.  Lamarin ya haifar da tattaunawa game da batutuwa daban-daban da suka shafi rikice-rikicen aure a Indiya, gami da Dokokin sadaki na ƙasar, tsarin shari'a, da lafiyar hankali.

## Tarihi

### Aure da saki
Subhash ya fito ne daga Bihar  kuma ya shiga cikin saki da rikici na kulawa tare da matarsa, Nikita Singhania .  Ma'auratan, sun yi aure a shekarar 2019, sun zauna daban na tsawon shekaru uku kuma suna da ɗa mai shekaru hudu tare. Zarge-zargen cin zarafi, cin hanci da rashawa, da buƙatun kuɗi sun nuna tsarin saki. Kafin mutuwarsa, Subhash ya bar takarda mai shafi 24 da rikodin bidiyo na minti 81. A cikin waɗannan takardun, ya bayyana damuwarsa da korafe-korafe game da kisan aure da shari'ar kula da shi.

### Shari'ar kotu
Rubutun Subhash ya ƙunshi zarge-zargen cewa surukansa sun nemi sasantawa na ₹ miliyan 30 (kimanin dala 350,000 na Amurka) a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin saki. An hana shi damar ziyartar don ganin ɗansa sai dai idan ya bi waɗannan bukatun kuɗi. Shari'ar ta haɗa da zarge-zarge da yawa a kansa, gami da tashin hankali na gida da cin zarafin sadaki. Ya kuma bayyana cewa tsarin shari'a, cewa yana da son kai, musamman Sashe na 498Anbsp; na Dokar Shari'a ta Indiya, wanda ke da niyyar kare mata daga tashin hankali na cikin gida da cin zarafin da ya shafi sadaki.

Ya kuma zargi alƙalin Kotun Gundumar Jaunpur, Reeta Kaushik, da neman cin hanci na 5 lakh don warware shari'ar, da kuma yi masa ba'a don kashe kansa lokacin da ya ki.

## Sakamakon haka
Subhash ya bar bayanin kashe kansa mai taken "*An rufe wannan ATM har abada*", wanda ya zama kuka ga wadanda ke fama da tsarin shari'a a Indiya, kuma ya ba su damar neman taimako  daga kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam kamar Save Indian Family Foundation. 

Mutuwar Subhash ta haifar da tattaunawa da muhawara game da haƙƙin maza a Indiya.[undefined] Wasu masu ba da shawara sun yi jayayya cewa ana buƙatar gyare-gyare a cikin tsarin dokar iyali, suna nuna damuwa game da yiwuwar amfani da dokokin da ke akwai.[undefined] An gudanar da bincike na 'yan sanda, kuma an tuhumi Singhania da wasu dangin a karkashin Sashe na 309 na Dokar Shari'ar Indiya (IPC) da ke da alaƙa da ba da gudummawa ga kashe kansa.[undefined][1] Kotun Bengaluru ta ba su beli a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2024. [2][3]￼

Har ila yau, shari'ar Atul ta haifar da kulawa ga irin waɗannan maza da suka kashe kansu bayan cin zarafin shari'a, kamar su Suresh Sathadiya,  Nitin Padiyar,  da Puneet Khurana. 

## Dubi kuma
 

* Yunkurin kare hakkin maza a Indiya
* Kashe kansa a Indiya

## Manazarta
Yitzhak Katz

**Yitzhak Katz** (Ibraniyawa; 19 ga Mayu 1901 - 1991) ma'aikacin gwamnati ne na Isra'ila kuma mai sukar fasaha a duk fannoni na fasaha da al'adun Isra'ila.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Yitzhak Katz a ranar 19 ga Mayu 1901 a Mykolaiv a kudu maso yammacin Daular Rasha (a yau Ukraine) ga dangin Yahudawa masu addini. Mahaifinsa, Ibrahim Katz, ya kasance malamin da aka naɗa. Mahaifiyarsa ita ce Reisel Kosowski . A cikin 1906, Katz ya koma Alexandria, Misira, inda mahaifinsa ya buɗe shagon sutura kuma ya kafa Yiddish Theater Association. A shekara ta 1912 iyalin suka koma Alkahira, amma Yitzhak ya kasance a Alexandria tare da 'yar'uwarsa mai aure. Ya yi karatu a makarantar sakandare da Baron de Menashe Elijah Antebi (ɗan'uwan Albert Antebi) ke gudanarwa. Wani sanannen dalibi a makaranta shine Aaron Rosenfeld, wanda daga baya ya zama majagaba na jigilar kaya a ƙasar Isra'ila. Da maraice, Katz ta yi karatun zane.

After graduation, he moved to Cairo and earned a living writing plays for the Green Theater. Katz planned to study literature and art history in Paris, but in December 1919 he met Batsheva Charlap from Rehovot, daughter of Ephraim Zvi Charlap. When she returned to Palestine in the spring of 1920, he followed her. Katz settled in Jerusalem, where he worked as a government clerk. A few months later, he married Batsheva and began working for the Palestine Express travel agency. He developed ties at this time with the owner of Tarbut publishing house, Joshua Chachik, and other local intellectuals and artists, among them the painter Reuven Rubin.

## Tattaunawar fasaha
Tare da aikinsa a bangaren jama'a, Katz ya buga bita da sukar fasaha a cikin mujallu da jaridu na Ibrananci. Yigal Zalmona ya bayyana Katz a matsayin "mutumin al'adu wanda ya yi yaƙi na farko don fasahar zamani" a Isra'ila. A cikin 1925, a cikin littafin "Theater and Art", Katz ya rubuta cewa ya nemi ya kafa sabon fasahar ƙasa wanda zai zama "maɓallin fasahar gudun hijira wanda ya dogara da siffofin Littafi Mai-Tsarki" amma zai fi so "suna wahayi daga al'adun Gabas da Yammacin zamani".

## Tarihi
Lokacin da Katz ya mutu a shekara ta 1991, an tura tarihinsa zuwa Cibiyar Bayanai ta Fasaha ta Isra'ila a Gidan Tarihin Isra'ila, Urushalima. Tarihin ya haɗa da hotuna, rubuce-rubucensa da wasikunsa tare da masu zane-zane na lokacinsa ciki har da Siona Tagger, Isra'ila Paldi, Arieh Lubin, Avigdor Hameiri, da sauransu.

## manazarta

* Al'adun Isra'ila
* Ayyukan gani a Isra'ila
Ibram Lassaw

**Ibram Lassaw** (Mayu 4, 1913 - Disamba 30, 2003) ɗan asalin Masar ne ɗan asalin ƙasar Amirka na al'adun Rasha, wanda aka sani da gine-gine marasa ma'ana a cikin ƙarfe.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Lassaw a ranar 4 ga Mayu, 1913, a Alexandria, Misira, daga iyayen Yahudawa da suka yi hijira a Rasha. Ya koma Amurka a 1921, kuma iyalin suka ƙaura a Brooklyn, New York. Ya zama ɗan ƙasar Amurka a 1928. 

Ya fara karatun zane-zane a 1926 a Clay Club (yanzu SculptureCenter) tare da Dorothea H. Denslow,  kuma daga baya a Cibiyar Nazarin zane-zane ta Beaux-Arts a New York. Ya yi zane-zane da zane-zane waɗanda Kandinsky, Sophie Taeuber-Arp, da sauran masu zane-zane suka rinjayi. Ya kuma halarci Kwalejin Birnin New York . 

## Ayyuka
An rinjaye shi da nazarin tarihin fasaha da karatu a cikin mujallu na fasaha na Turai, Lassaw ya fara yin zane-zane a ƙarshen 1920s. Ya kasance daga cikin "ƙaramin rukuni na masu zane-zane da suka himmatu ga zane-zane a cikin shekarun 1930. "  A cikin aikinsa, Ibram Lassaw "ya maye gurbin ƙarfin ƙarfe tare da gine-ginen sararin samaniya da aka samu ta hanyar walda. "

A tsakiyar shekarun 1930, Lassaw ya yi aiki a takaice don Ayyukan Ayyuka na Jama'a na Ayyuka na Tsabtace abubuwan tunawa da ke kewaye da Birnin New York. Daga baya ya shiga WPA a matsayin malami da mai zane har sai an rubuta shi cikin soja a 1942. Gudummawar da Lassaw ya bayar ga ci gaban zane-zane ya wuce kawai sababbin abubuwa; gabatar da salon zamani a cikin shekarun 1930 ya yi yawa don tabbatar da ci gaban zane a Amurka. Ya kasance daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa kungiyar American Abstract Artists a 1937,  kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kungiyar American Abstrct Artists daga 1946 zuwa 1949.

## Dubi kuma

* Bayyanawa mai banƙyama
* Makarantar New York

## Tushen

* John Lynch, Metal sculpture; sababbin siffofi, sabbin dabarun shafi na 99; shafi na 135&nbsp;&nbsp;
* ''Hotuna a Amurka'' (Roma: Edizioni della cometa, 1990.) shafi na 73-82 &nbsp;
* ''Shekaru 200 na zane-zane na Amurka'' (New York: David R. Godine tare da Whitney Museum of American Art, ©1976.) shafi na 181; shafi na 183; shafi na 184; shafi na 286&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

## Manazarta
Shaike Levi

**Yeshayahu (Shaike) Levi** (Ibraniyawa; an haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1939) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Isra'ila, mawaƙi kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. An fi saninsa da kasancewa daga cikin HaGashash HaHiver comedy trio, wanda ya lashe Kyautar Isra'ila a shekara ta 2000. 

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Yeshayahu (Shaike) Levy a Alkahira, Misira ga Mazal da Moshe Levy .  Ya bar Masar tare da mahaifiyarsa a 1944, bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa. Iyalin sun zauna a Tel Aviv amma Levi ya shafe shekarunsa na matashi a Kibbutz Ein Hayam kuma daga baya Givat Brenner .  A cikin 1956-1957 ya jagoranci ƙungiyar mawaƙa "Givat Brenner Foursome" tare da Daniel Vardon . 

## Ayyukan nishaɗi
A lokacin aikin soja, Levy ya yi aiki a cikin ƙungiyar IDF a Gadna sannan a Lehakat Pikud Merkaz . Ba da daɗewa ba bayan an sallame shi a shekarar 1960, ya shiga ƙungiyar "The Small Hours Club" a Safed . An yarda da Levi zuwa Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Kamari kuma ya taka karamin rawa a cikin wasan da ake kira "The Twelfth Night" amma lokacin da Naomi Polani ta kafa ƙungiyar kiɗa ta HaTarnegolim (Ibraniyawa), Levi ya fi son shi fiye da Cameri. Levy ya ce bai yi karatun wasan kwaikwayo ko horar da murya ba kuma Naomi Polani kamar makaranta ce ga kungiyar.

A cikin 1962 Levy ya yi aiki a cikin fim dinsa na farko a matsayin 'maƙiyi matukin jirgi' a cikin fim ɗin *[[Sinaia (film)|Sinawa]]* (Ibraniyawa), wanda ya dogara ne akan wani abin da ya faru daga Rikicin Suez inda wani likitan soja ya kawo jaririn Bedouin zuwa Isra'ila bayan sojojin Isra'ila suka ji rauni ba zato ba tsammani yayin fada. Bayan aikin soja a cikin rukunin nishaɗi, Levi ya shiga HaTarnegolim kuma daga baya ya shiga HaGashash HaHiver trio a ƙarshen 1963. Kungiyar ta shirya wasan kwaikwayo kuma ta shiga cikin fina-finai tare da bukukuwa da yawa, rikodin kiɗa, da wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin a cikin shekaru 40.

### HaGashash HaHiver
A ƙarshen 1963 Levy ya bar The Roosters - tare da wasu "Roosters" guda biyu, Gavri Banai da Yisrael Poliakov - bisa buƙatar Avraham Deshe (Pashanel), don fara Gashash HaHiver trio. Levi ya tuna da nasarar Gesher HaYarkon trio kuma cewa, yayin da ba su da tabbacin cewa za su iya maimaita nasarar HaTarnegolim, Pashanel ya tabbata kuma ya biya albashinsu a cikin watanni masu tsawo na shiri.

Ayyukansu na farko, mai taken *Simhat Zkenti* (Ibraniyawa) ya fi nasara fiye da yadda ake tsammani tare da wasanni 350 a duk faɗin Isra'ila a ƙarshen 1965. Nunin, wanda ya kasance Mizrahit sosai a cikin yanayi, yana da maraba na farko maraba da ba a amsa ba daga ƙungiyar kibbutz. Levi ya tuna Shaike Ophir yana da tsauri a kan rukuni yana jaddada kowane 'Heth' ('Ibraniyawa: ') da 'Ayin' ('Ibrananciwa: ע') kamar yadda zai yi kuma ya danganta karɓar su ta kibbutzim ga darektan su

## manazarta
Moshé Mizrahi

**Moshé Mizrahi** (Ibraniyawa; 5 ga Satumba 1931 - 3 ga Agusta 2018) ya kasance darektan fina-finai na Isra'ila.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife shi a Misira, ya yi ƙaura zuwa Mandatory Palestine a 1946, kuma ya yi karatun fim a Faransa a 1950. Ya jagoranci fim din Oscar-winning 1977 *Madam Rosa* tare da Simone Signoret . Fim din, wanda ya kasance game da tsohuwar karuwa a birnin Paris wacce ta tsira daga Auschwitz, ta lashe Kyautar Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Fim na Harshen Ƙasashen waje a madadin Faransa. 

Ya jagoranci fina-finai 14 a Isra'ila da Faransa, uku daga cikinsu an zabi su don Kyautar Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Fim na Harshen Ƙasashen waje; *Ina son ka Rosa*,  *Gidan da ke kan titin Chelouche*  da *Madam Rosa*, tare da na ƙarshe daga cikin waɗannan ya lashe kyautar. 

A watan Satumbar 1994, bikin fina-finai na Haifa ya girmama shi saboda gudummawar rayuwarsa ga fina-falla na Isra'ila.

Fim dinsa mai suna Les Stances à Sophie ya kusan ba a gani ba har sai an sake shi a cikin 2008 kuma an sake buga Kundin sauti na jazz na wannan sunan (amma ba tare da karin magana ba) a cikin The FADER na Alexander Geoffrey Frank .

Ya zuwa watan Maris na shekara ta 2009, Mizrahi yana zaune a Tel Aviv, yana jagorantar bitar yin fim a makarantar fim ta Jami'ar Tel Aviv. Matarsa, Michal Bat-Adam, darektan fim ne da kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo kuma ta taka rawar gani a fina-finai da yawa na Mizrahi. A yau, tana koyar da darussan wasan kwaikwayo a Jami'ar Tel Aviv .

## Fim ɗin ɓangare

* Shafin Sophie (Sophie's Ways, 1970) 
* *Abokin Ciniki na Lokacin Lokaci* (1970) 
* *Ina son ka Rosa* (*Ani Ohev Otach Rosa*, 1972) 
* *<nowiki/>'Ya'ya mata,' ya'ya mata* (1973) 
* *Gidan da ke kan titin Chelouche* (1973) 
* *[[Rachel's Man|Mutumin Rahila]]* (1975) 
* *Madam Rosa* (La Vie devant soi, 1977) 
* Une jeunesse, bisa ga littafin Patrick Modiano mai taken
* Ƙaunatacciyar Ba a sani ba [fr] (*Na aika da Wasika ga Ƙaunata*) (1980) 
* *Yaƙi da Ƙauna* (1985) 
* Kowace Lokacin da muke Ce Farewell (1986) 

## Manazarta
Moshe Marzouk

**Moshe Marzouk** (Ibraniyawa: ; ko Musa Lieto Marzuk, Larabci: موسى ليتوobraوق; an haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Disamba 1926 - 31 ga watan Janairun 1955) Bayahude ne na Karaite na Masar, wanda aka rataye shi a shekara ta 1955 saboda shiga cikin jerin bama-bamai a Alkahira mai suna Operation Suzannah . &nbsp;

An haifi Marzouk a Alkahira ga dangin Karaite waɗanda suka yi hijira daga Tunisiya a farkon karni na 20, kodayake sun riƙe 'yancin Faransa. Yayinda yake aiki a matsayin likita a asibitin Yahudawa a Alkahira a farkon shekarun 1950, jami'an leken asirin sojin Isra'ila sun dauke shi a matsayin ɗan leƙen asiri, tare da sauran matasan Yahudawa na Masar. A shekara ta 1954 kungiyar ta gudanar da jerin bama-bamai, inda ta kai hari ofishin gidan waya a Alexandria, dakunan karatu guda biyu a Alkahira da Alexandria, da kuma gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Babu wanda ya mutu. Wadannan ayyukan sun haifar da rikicin siyasar Isra'ila wanda daga baya aka sani da Lavon Affair . SSIS ta kama Marzouk da ƙungiyarsa kuma ta gwada su, a wannan lokacin an yi zargin cewa an azabtar da su. An kashe Marzouk a kurkukun Alkahira. An kawo gawarsa Urushalima kuma an binne shi a Dutsen Herzl . 

## Dubi kuma

* Labarin Lavon
* Tarihin Yahudawa a Misira

## Manazarta
Agyina

**Agyina** al'umma ce a cikin Gundumar Kintampo ta Kudu ta Yankin Bono na Gabas ta Ghana .  Yana da yawan baƙi daga Arewacin Ghana kuma an san shi da manyan ayyukan noma. Harsunan da ake magana a cikin wannan al'umma galibi Asante twi ne da Dagbanli.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Henry Jacques Ninio

**Henry Jacques Ninio** (27 ga Oktoba 1935 - 22 ga Satumba 2023)   ya kasance masanin magani na Australiya, ɗan kasuwa kuma ɗan siyasa wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Birnin Adelaide na 75 na Kudancin Australia .

An haifi Ninio a Alkahira ga iyayen Yahudawa na Sephardic waɗanda suka yi ƙaura daga Izmir, Turkiyya. Ya halarci Jami'ar Alkahira kafin ya yi ƙaura tare da iyalinsa zuwa Adelaide a 1956, ya kammala karatu a matsayin likitan magani a shekara ta 1960.  Ya kafa sarkar Piaf Perfumery da Simes Australia tare da abokin kasuwancinsa Alex Siros . 

Ninio ta kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Ƙanshin Faransanci ta Ostiraliya da Ƙungiyar Ƙarfin Australiya da Masu Farin Ciki kuma mai tara kwalban turare na dā.

Ya yi aiki a matsayin wakilin a yankin Gray a Majalisar Birnin Adelaide sannan kuma Alderman kafin a zabe shi a matsayin Lord Mayor a 1993. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugaban majami'ar Beit Shalom a shekarar 1983. 

Gwamnatin Faransa ta girmama shi a 1993 a matsayin Chevalier de l'Ordre National du Merite saboda ci gaba da kokarinsa na bunkasa abota tsakanin kasashen biyu na Faransa da Ostiraliya.

Ya bar matarsa Lynette, yara 3 da jikoki 6. 'Yarsa, Jacqueline, ta zama rabbi a majami'ar Emanuel a Sydney.

## Manazarta
Marcelle Ninio

**Victorine Marcelle Ninio** (5 ga Nuwamba 1929 - 23 ga Oktoba 2019) ta kasance sakatariyar Masar kuma ɗan leƙen asirin Isra'ila wanda ya shiga cikin abin da aka sani da batun Lavon . Ta yi aiki a kurkuku a Masar kafin a sake ta kuma ta tafi zama a Isra'ila.

## Rayuwarta
An haifi Ninio a Alkahira a 1929. Mahaifinta Ya'acov dan Bulgarian ne kuma mahaifiyarta, Fanny, Turkiyya ce. Mahaifinta ya mutu lokacin da take ƙarama kuma ta tafi makarantun Katolika da na Yahudawa. Ninio ta shiga kulob din Yahudawa, amma tana da sha'awar Kwando fiye da addinin Zionism kuma ta kasance dan takara don shiga tawagar Olympics ta Masar.  

An dauki Ninio don aiki a matsayin mai hulɗa ga ƙungiyar leken asiri ta Isra'ila a cikin shekara ta 1951.  Ita ce kadai mace kuma abokan aikinta sun lura da yadda ba ta jin tsoro ba, kodayake ba a bayyana cewa tana sane da haɗarin da ke cikin ayyukanta ba. Kwayar ta fara aiki a shekara ta 1954 kuma ta yi ƙoƙari ta dasa bama-bamai a cikin farar hula na Masar, Amurka, da na Burtaniya: gidajen silima, ɗakunan karatu, da cibiyoyin ilimi na Amurka don lalata dangantakar da ke tsakanin Masar da kasashen Yamma.

Bayan da aka yanke masa hukuncin shekaru bakwai a kurkuku, an saki biyu daga cikin jami'an da aka daure (Meir Meyuhas da Meir Za'afran) a shekarar 1962. An saki Ninio da sauran a watan Fabrairun 1968,  a cikin wani kari na sirri ga musayar fursunoni na yaki.

A shekara ta 1971, Firayim Minista Golda Meir ta karɓi gayyatar bikin auren Ninio ga Ely Boger, kuma ta yi magana da ita game da lokacin da take kurkuku. Masu tantancewa sun dauki taron a matsayin alamar cewa za a iya fitar da ƙarin bayani game da batun Lavon.

## manazarta
Joyce Mansour

**Joyce Mansour**, née Joyce Patricia Adès, (25 ga Yulin 1928 - 27 ga Agusta 1986), marubuciya ce ta Masar-Faransa, sananniya a matsayin mawaki mai rikitarwa. Ta zama sanannen mawakiyar mata, marubucin littattafai 16 na waka, da kuma wasu muhimman labarai da wasan kwaikwayo.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Mansour a Bowden a Ingila, ga dangin Siriya-Yahudawa da suka fito daga Aleppo,   kuma sun zauna a Cheshire na wata daya. A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, Mansour ta yi fice a matsayin mai gudu da kuma mai tsalle-tsalle. Ta kuma yi gasa a gasar dawakai. kafin iyayenta suka ƙaura da iyalinta zuwa Alkahira, Misira.

Mansour ta fara hulɗa da surrealism na Paris yayin da take zaune a Alkahira inda ta sadu da surrealist Georges Henein . Ta koma Paris a shekara ta 1953, tana da shekaru 25.  A shekara ta 1947, aurenta na farko yana da shekaru 19 ya ƙare bayan watanni shida lokacin da mijinta ya mutu. Aure na biyu ya kasance ga Samir Mansour a 1949 kuma sun raba lokacin su tsakanin Alkahira da Paris. Mansour ya fara rubutu a Faransanci. Sun yi abota da marubucin Faransa kuma mawaki André Breton, wanda ya kafa, jagora, kuma babban masanin ilimin surrealism. 

Ta mutu daga ciwon daji a birnin Paris a shekarar 1986. 

## Ayyuka
Littafin waƙoƙin da Mansour ya buga na farko, mai taken: *Cris*, Pierre Seghers ne ya buga shi a birnin Paris a 1953.  Wannan tarin aikin yana ambaton jikin mutum da na mace a cikin harshen da ba a saba gani ba a lokacin. Hakanan ana iya samun harshe na addini. Koyaya, an juya shi, ya maye gurbin abin da zai zama Kristi da mai ƙauna. Bayanan tatsuniyoyin Masar ma suna cikin *Cris.* Mansour ya yi nuni da White Goddess da Hathor . 

A shekara ta 1954, Joyce Mansour ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar surrealist bayan Jean-Louise Bédouin ya rubuta wani bita yana yabon *Cris* a cikin Médium: Sadarwa surréaliste a wannan Mayu. Joyce Mansour ta shiga cikin sautin na biyu na surrealism a Paris. Gidan ta sanannen wurin taro ne ga membobin ƙungiyar surrealist. Aikin testament du Marquis de Sade, wasan kwaikwayon da Jean Benoît ya yi ya faru ne a gidan Mansour.

## Bayanan littattafai

* Marie-Francine Mansour, Une vie surréaliste, Joyce Mansour, abokin tarayya na André Breton, Faransa-Empire, 2014.

* Mohsen L Belasy, The Tuberose Baby Girl, Sulfur Editions, 2025.

## Manazarta
Yitzhak Rager

**Yitzhak "Ijo" Rager** (Ibraniyawa; 1932-1997) ɗan jaridar Isra'ila ne, diflomasiyya, kuma magajin garin Likud na Beersheba .

Yitzhak Rager, wanda ke takara a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar Likud, an zabe shi a matsayin magajin gari a shekarar 1989. An sake zabarsa kuma ya yi shekaru takwas har zuwa mutuwarsa. Ta hanyar kokarinsa, a cikin 1992 an sanya Beersheba a matsayin babban yanki na ci gaba, wanda ya haifar da manyan ci gaba a ci gabanta da kuma shawo kan dubban sababbin baƙi.

Rager yana da 'ya'ya biyu: Eviatar Rager (an haife shi a shekara ta 1959) da Avishag Rager (a haife shi 1970), dukansu biyu suna zaune a Isra'ila. Bayan an sallame shi ya yi aiki a cikin kafofin watsa labarai; daga cikin ayyukansa sun kasance a matsayin wakilin Turai na Kol Isra'ila, sabis na rediyo na Isra'ila na ƙasa, editan jaridar *HaYom* da kuma darektan janar na Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Isra'ila. A wannan lokacin, yana da alaƙa da Janar Zionists, jam'iyyar siyasa ta tsakiya, kuma musamman ya haɗa kai da Yitzhak Rokeach . A madadin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Isra'ila, an tura Rager zuwa New York a matsayin mai ba da shawara, inda ya mai da hankali kan kokarin kasa da kasa na buɗe ƙofofin ƙaura daga USSR ga Yahudawa na Soviet. Bayan haka an sanya shi shugaban duniya na Jihar Isra'ila Bonds .

A matsayinsa na ɗan kasuwa, Rager yana daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa *Kanyon HaNegev* (lit. Negev Mall), babbar *Cibiyar Kasuwanci ta Negev* kuma ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyar da mai haɓaka Kanada David Azrieli ya kafa. Nasararta ita ce tushen wasu rikice-rikice a Beersheba. Masu goyon baya sun yaba da cinikin Kanyon da kuma yadda kayan aikin zamani suka ba mazauna yankin abubuwan more rayuwa kamar cibiyar Yammacin kasar da kasashen waje, da nufin inganta yanayin rayuwarsu. Koyaya, gasar ta yi mummunar cutar da kasuwancin Tsohon Birnin Beersheba, wanda har yanzu bai warke ba.

Yitzhak Rager, wanda ke takara a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar Likud, an zabe shi a matsayin magajin gari a shekarar 1989. An sake zabarsa kuma ya yi shekaru takwas har zuwa mutuwarsa. Ta hanyar kokarinsa, a cikin 1992 an sanya Beersheba a matsayin babban yanki na ci gaba, wanda ya haifar da manyan ci gaba a ci gabanta da kuma shawo kan dubban sababbin baƙi.

A cikin ƙwaƙwalwarsa, an sake sunan babbar hanya a Beersheba Yitzhak Rager Boulevard . Ya haɗa Jami'ar Ben Gurion ta Negev, Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Soroka, karamar hukumar Beersheba, da Negev Mall.

## hanyoyin hadi na waje

* Sanarwar mutuwa, ciki har da zane-zane, a cikin New York Times (Yuni 15, 1997)
Hillel Schwartz

**Hillel Schwartz** (13 Fabrairu 1923 - 1 Agusta 2007), Bayahude ne na Masar, shi ne wanda ya kafa jam'iyyar Iskra ('al-Sharara', ƙaramar jam'iyyar siyasa ta Kwaminisanci wacce ke ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyin siyasa na Masar da ke ba da cikakken 'yancin kai daga Biritaniya kafin Juyin Juya Halin Masar na 1952.  Iskra jam'iyya ce mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, wacce "ta jaddada bukatar tattara ajiyar juyin juya hali na tunanin Marxist da masu ilimi don kafa tushe mai kyau wanda ayyukan da suka shahara zasu iya biyo baya".

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haife shi a Misira a 1923, mahaifin Schwartz Bayahude ne wanda ya yi hijira zuwa Misira daga Romania.

## manazarta
Andre Surmain

**Andre Surmain** (5 ga Disamba, 1920, Alkahira - 31 ga Janairu, 2018, Saint-Paul-en-Forêt, Faransa ) ya kasance mai cin abinci wanda ya buɗe Lutèce a 1961.

Ya sanar da ritayar sa a 1973 yana da shekaru 52, yana sayar da Lutèce ga mai dafa abinci André Soltner. Surmain ya ci gaba da buɗe wasu gidajen cin abinci - Fuc y Fum a Majorca, Spain,  Relais a Mougins,  a Mougins، kusa da Cannes, Faransa, da kuma 'yar'uwarta mai gajeren rayuwa, wanda ake kira Relais a mougins, a Palm Beach, Florida.

## Rayuwa ta farko
Surmain an haife shi Andre Sussman ga tsohon Nina Ratzkovski, masanin sunadarai, da Richard Sussman, wanda danginsa sun kasance masu kayan ado ga mataimakin sarki na Masar. Ma'auratan sun kuma mallaki Aziza Cosmetics .  Kafin yakin Normandy a 1944, ya "canja sunansa zuwa Surmain, yana tsoron cewa sunan Sussman na iya ba shi a matsayin Bayahude idan 'yan Nazi suka kama shi".

Ya yi karatu a Lycée Janson de Sailly a Paris da kuma makarantar bindigogi ta Faransa a Fontainebleau . Ya yi aiki a cikin Sojojin Faransa har zuwa 1940 lokacin da ya yi hijira zuwa Amurka. Sojojin Amurka ne suka tsara shi, Ofishin Ayyuka na Dabarun ya mayar da shi Turai.

## Iyali
Bayan mutuwarsa, matarsa ta huɗu, tsohuwar Patricia Terno, 'ya'ya maza biyu da mace,' yan'uwa mata biyu, jikoki 14 da jikoki biyar sun tsira. Ya mutu da 'yarsa, Ghislaine Surmain, wanda ya mutu a shekarar 2017.

## manazarta
Haim Yehuda

**Haim Yehuda** (Ibraniyawa: חיים יהודה; 9 Nuwamba 1917 - 1985) ɗan siyasan Isra'ila ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Knesset na Mapam tsakanin 1955 da 1960.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife shi a cikin iyalin Yahudawa na Masar a Alkahira a Misira, Yehuda memba ne na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Masar . Ya shiga Sojojin Burtaniya a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, kuma ya yi hijira zuwa Isra'ila a 1948, inda ya shiga Mapam . An zabe shi a Knesset a jerin sunayen jam'iyyar a shekarar 1955, kuma an sake zabarsa a shekarar 1959. Koyaya, ya yi murabus daga kujerarsa a ranar 10 ga Yuli a shekara mai zuwa, kuma Yosef Kushnir ya maye gurbinsa. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugaban karamar hukumar Beit Dagan .

## Manazarta
Felix Dodds

**Felix Dodds**, an haife shi Michael Nicholas Dodds، marubuci ne na Burtaniya, mai hangen nesa, kuma mai fafutuka.

Ya tsaya a Mid Derbyshire na Liberal Democrats a cikin Babban Zabe na 2019.  Ya kasance mai taimakawa wajen bunkasa sabbin hanyoyin shiga tsakani tare da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, musamman a fagen Ci gaba mai ɗorewa.

## Shekaru na farko
An haifi Dodds a Allestree a Derby. Dodds ya ci gaba da karatun kimiyyar lissafi a Jami'ar Surrey, inda ya kasance mai aiki a siyasar dalibai. Ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga Anti-Apartheid Movement da Surrey Students Union, wanda ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban kasa tsakanin 1977 da 1978. Bayan jami'a, Dodds ya ci gaba da koyar da lissafi da kimiyyar lissafi, da farko a Makarantar Al'umma ta Duniya ta Khartoum, sannan a London a Makarantar Harlington.

## Ayyukan siyasa (1980-1990)
Da farko a cikin aikinsa, Dodds ya kasance mai aiki a cikin siyasar Burtaniya kuma yana da hannu tare da Anti-Apartheid Movement da Anti-Nazi League . Dodds kuma ya shiga cikin batutuwan muhalli kamar Ruwan sama mai zafi, wutar lantarki ta nukiliya da lalacewar ozone. Ya rike mukamai a Jam'iyyar Liberal tsakanin 1983 da 1987 kuma ya zama shugaban jam'iyyar "matasa," National League of Young Liberals (NLYL), a shekarar 1985.

## Jagora a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (1990-ya zuwa yanzu)
Tun daga 1990, Dodds ya kasance mai aiki a cikin cibiyar sadarwa ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da farko a matsayin darektan Majalisar Dinkinobho na Muhalli da Ci Gaban, Kwamitin Burtaniya (UNED-UK).  Wannan kungiya ta samo asali ne a cikin taron UNED, wanda ya haifar da kungiyar da ta maye gurbinsa, kungiyar Stakeholder Forum for a Sustainable Future. Wadannan kungiyoyi sun taka rawar gani wajen tara tallafi ga taron koli na duniya na Johannesburg kan ci gaba mai dorewa a 2002 da Rio + 20 a 2012. 

## Matsayi na yanzu

Dodds jakadan kasa da kasa ne na Birnin Bonn . Shi farfesa ne a fannin kimiyyar muhalli da injiniya, babban jami'in Cibiyar Ruwa a Jami'ar North Carolina, kuma abokin tarayya ne a Cibiyar Tellus da ke Boston. Ya kasance codirectora na Nexus 2014 da 2018: Ruwa, Makamashi, Abinci, da Taron Yanayi. Shi marubuci ne kuma ya kasance babban darakta na shekaru ashirin na Stakeholder Forum for a Sustainable Future daga 1992 zuwa 2012 kuma ya kasance Shugaban Amber Valley Liberal Democrats har zuwa 2021.

## Manazarta
Yanayin Larabci na Tunisiya

Harshen harsuna **[[Grammatical conjugation|da kuma gabar Haɗuwa]]** da yanayin Larabci na Tunisiya yayi kama da na sauran nau'ikan Larabci. Ya dogara ne akan Larabci na gargajiya kuma ya rinjayi Harsunan Berber da Latin, tare da wasu abubuwan kirkirar morphological. Tasirin Berber ya fi bayyane a cikin yarukan Pre-Hilalian.

## Wakilan sunaye

### Wakilan mutum
Larabci na Tunisiya yana da sunayen mutum 7 tun lokacin da bambancin jinsi na mutum na 2 a cikin nau'i ɗaya bai kasance ba.

Misali: Silva Zادة - "Ni ma. "   

### Wakilan da ke da alaƙa
Ana amfani da sunayen masu mallaka a matsayin abubuwan mallaka lokacin da aka sanya su a matsayin ma'anar gabatarwa ko suna. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi bayan aikatau, ayyukansu sunayen abu ne kai tsaye. Wadanda ke tsakanin parenthesis sune waɗanda aka yi amfani da su bayan tsarin da ya ƙare da wasali.

Lura, cewa *t* da kalmomin mata waɗanda aka gama gabaɗaya tare da ة a, an ƙara t t a gaban ƙayyadaddun waɗanda suka zama tī, tik, tū, thā, tnā, tkum da thum

### Wakilan abu na kai tsaye
Ana amfani da sunayen sunayen da ba a kai tsaye ba a matsayin ma'anar bayan aikatau kuma a gaban ش- -š na musantawa.    Lokacin da akwai haɗuwa da sunayen abu kai tsaye da kai tsaye, ana rubuta sunayen abu na kai tsaye a ƙarshe.   Bugu da ƙari, gajeren i na farko don wakilcin abu na kai tsaye koyaushe ana sauke shi lokacin da aka rubuta shi bayan wasali.

## manazarta
Bahey El Din Barakat Pasha

**Bahey El Din Barakat Pasha** (Arabic) (1889-1972) ya kasance ɗan siyasa ne na Masar.

An haife shi a ƙauyen Menyat El Morshed (a cikin Gwamnatin Kafr el-Sheikh), ya yi karatu a Alkahira da kuma Paris. Da farko malamin shari'a ne, ya shiga siyasa kuma an nada shi Ministan Ilimi sau biyu a cikin shekarun 1930. A lokacin mulkinsa, an kafa kwamiti don sauƙaƙe ka'idojin harshe na Larabci don sauƙaƙa ɗalibai suyi karatu a Larabci. Ya mai da hankali ga inganta litattafai, kuma ya kirkiro tsarin shigarwa ga Babban Cibiyar Ilimi a 1938. A watan Janairun wannan shekarar, ya kaddamar da sabis na rediyo na Masar.

Wani jagora na Jam'iyyar Wafd a lokacin jagorancin Saad Zaghlul da kuma lokacin mulkin Sarki Farouk I, an zabi Bahey El Din Barakat a matsayin Kakakin Majalisar Wakilai a ranar 12 ga Afrilu 1938, matsayin da ya rike na shekara daya da rabi.

Barakat ya sami lakabin sarauta na *Pasha* a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 1938.  Ya jagoranci Divan na Accounting daga 1945 zuwa 1949. Ya kuma yi aiki a cikin mambobi uku na Regency Body wanda aka kafa bayan Juyin Juya Halin 1952 don ɗaukar ikon Sarki Fuad II, wanda ke da watanni shida kawai a lokacin. Kwamitin Regency ba shi da ainihin iko, duk da haka, Majalisar Kwamandan Juyin Juya Halin ta ɗauka yadda ya kamata. An kirkiro shi a ranar 2 ga watan Agustan 1952, an rushe Regency Body a ranar 14 ga watan Oktoba na wannan shekarar, tare da Yarima Muhammad Abdel Moneim da aka nada shi a matsayin mai mulki.

## manazarta