Robert M. Stroud

**Robert Michael Stroud** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1942) masanin kimiyyar halittu ne na Burtaniya wanda aka fi sani da gudummawarsa ga ilmin halitta na tsari a matsayin hanyar tantance aikin sunadarai, enzymes da sunadarai na membrane. Ya kasance farfesa a fannin ilmin sunadarai a Caltech a farkon shekarun 1970 kuma farfesa a ilmin ilmin ilman sunadarai da ilmin ilmaan sunadarai, da kuma ilmin ilumin magani a Jami'ar California da ke San Francisco tun 1976. An zabe shi a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa a shekara ta 2003.

 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Robert Michael Stroud a Stockport, Ingila a shekarar 1942.  Ya halarci makarantar Manchester Warehousemen da Clerks Orphan School (MWCOS) wanda aka fi sani da makarantar Cheadle Hulme daga 1950-1961. Yana da sha'awar ilimin taurari na farko kuma zai kalli tauraronsa ta hanyar telescope a lambunsa. Ya yi aiki tare da mahaifinsa, injiniya, don tsarawa da gina na'urorin lantarki. Ya halarci Jami'ar Cambridge daga 1961 inda ya yi karatu a fannin kimiyyar lissafi da lissafi, ya kammala a shekarar 1964. Don karatun digiri ya halarci dakin gwaje-gwaje na JD Bernal a Kwalejin Birkbeck, Jami'ar London (1964-1968), inda ya zauna teburin da ya kasance teburin Rosalind Franklin a lokacin da take mai bincike a can. Rubutun nasa ya shafi bayyana tsarin lipoic acid, nucleosides da peptide. Ya gane tsarin lu'ulu'u na kwayar tubercidin tare da hanyoyin kai tsaye marasa tsakiya. Ya kammala digirinsa na PhD a Birkbeck a shekarar 1968.

## Ayyuka
Bayan ya sami digirinsa na PhD, an ba shi matsayi a Jami'ar Oxford a cikin sashen da David Chilton Phillips ke jagoranta, kodayake ranar farawa ta matsayin za ta fara ne bayan shekara guda. Ya gudanar da nadin postdoctoral a Cibiyar Fasaha ta California (Caltech). Ya ji daɗin Caltech kuma an nada shi a matsayin malami kuma daga ƙarshe ya ƙi matsayin a Oxford. Ya zama mataimakin farfesa na ilmin sunadarai a 1973, mataimakin Farfesa a 1975. A shekara ta 1976 an hayar da shi a Jami'ar California, San Francisco don taimakawa wajen kafa shirin a cikin ilmin halitta. A UCSF ya yi amfani da Hasken lantarki na Pacific, kwayar halitta, don bincika mai karɓar acetylcholine wanda ke ba da saurin sigina a cikin tsarin juyayi. Ya ci gaba da bayyana tushen atomatik da tsarin tashoshin transmembrane da masu sufuri ciki har da na farko don aquaporins, tashoshin ammoniya, da hanyoyin tsara masu sufuri na farko da na biyu, da tashoshin gudanar da ion. Ya yi aiki a matsayin edita * da Tsarin Biomolecular* (yanzu Binciken shekara-shekarar Biophysics) daga 1994 zuwa 2003. Stroud ya wallafa littattafai sama da 360 a cikin mujallu masu bita.

## Kyaututtuka da girmamawa
An zabi Stroud a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa a shekara ta 2003 a sashin Biophysics da Computational Biology .  Ya kasance Malami na 3 na DeWitt Stetten na Cibiyar Lafiya ta Kasa a shekarar 1984. An zabe shi Shugaban kungiyar Biophysical Society of the US a shekarar 1988. A shekara ta 1992 an zabe shi Fellow na Royal Society of Medicine UK . An zabi Stroud a matsayin Fellow na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta New York a shekarar 1995. An zabe shi dan kungiyar Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a shekarar 2007. Ya sami lambar yabo ta Hans Neurath na Protein Society US a cikin 2008, lambar yabo ta Anatrace ta Biophysical Society a cikin 2009. A shekara ta 2014 ya kasance malamin tunawa da CB Anfinson na 8 a Cibiyar Weitzmann . A cikin 2015 ya gabatar da lacca na Inaugural, Indian Microbiology Society, New Delhi, Indiya. A shekara ta 2018 an zabe shi Malami na UCSF a Kimiyya ta asali. A cikin 2019 ya kasance Babban mai magana a Taron Shekara-shekara na Cibiyar Injiniyan Molecular ta Duniya, Cabo San Lucas Mexico .

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Stroud mai sha'awar iska ne sama da shekaru arba'in. Yana da sha'awar kiɗa da kunna kayan kida; mahaifinsa ya koya masa yadda za a kunna kayan aikinsa na farko, banjo .  Yana wasa tare da ƙungiyoyi ciki har da 'Robert Stroud da Jailbirds', da 'The Twelve Pound Head'. Yayinda yake halartar Jami'ar Cambridge, Stroud ya yi gasa a cikin ƙungiyar yin iyo ta Jami'ar Cambridge kuma ya taka leda a cikin ƙungiyar wasan polo na ruwa. A shekara ta 1990 ya taka leda tare da ƙungiyar polo ta ruwa inda ya lashe lambar tagulla a wasannin duniya na Nike .

## Manazarta