Azerbaijan

**Azerbaijan;** a hukumance Jamhuriyar Azerbaijan, ƙasa ce mai wuce gona da iri kuma ba ta da ƙasa a kan iyakar Yammacin Asiya da Gabashin Turai. Wani yanki ne na yankin Kudancin Caucasus kuma yana da iyaka da Tekun Caspian zuwa gabas, Jamhuriyar Dagestan ta Rasha zuwa arewa, Jojiya zuwa arewa maso yamma, Iran zuwa kudu maso yamma da Turkiyya. Baku babban birni ne kuma birni mafi girma.

Kasar Albaniya ta Caucasian ce ta fara mulkin ƙasar Azerbaijan, daga baya kuma ta wasu daulolin Farisa. Har zuwa ƙarni na 19, ta ci gaba da zama wani bangare na Qajar Iran, amma yaƙin Rasha da Farisa na 1804-1813 da 1826-1828 ya tilastawa Daular Qajar mika yankunanta na Caucasian ga Daular Rasha; Yarjejeniyar Gulistan a 1813 da Turkmenchay a 1828 sun bayyana iyakar da ke tsakanin Rasha da Iran.  Yankin arewacin Aras wani yanki ne na Iran har sai da Rasha ta mamaye ta a karni na 19,  ,inda aka gudanar da shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na Mataimakin Caucasus.

A ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, asalin ƙasar Azabaijan ya bayyana a lokacin da jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Azarbaijan ta shelanta 'yancin kanta daga Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyya ta Transcaucasian a shekara ta 1918, shekara guda bayan da Daular Rasha ta ruguje, kuma ta zama kasa ta farko da ta zama ƙasa ta farko da ta zama ƙasa mai rinjaye na musulmi. A cikin shekarar 1920, an ci ƙasar kuma an haɗa shi cikin Tarayyar Soviet a matsayin Azerbaijan SSR. Jamhuriyar Azerbaijan ta zamani ta ba da sanarwar 'yancin kai a ranar 30 ga Agusta 1991,   jim kaɗan kafin rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet. A cikin Satumba 1991, ƙabilar Armeniya mafi rinjaye na yankin Nagorno-Karabakh sun kafa Jamhuriyar Artsakh mai cin gashin kanta, wacce ta zama mai cin gashin kanta tare da ƙarshen Yaƙin Nagorno-Karabakh na Farko a cikin 1994, kodayake yankin da gundumomi bakwai da ke kewaye sun kasance an san su a matsayin wani ɓangare na Azerbaijan.1  , Bayan yakin Nagorno-Karabakh na biyu a shekarar 2020, an mayar da gundumomi bakwai da sassan Nagorno-Karabakh ga ikon Azarbaijan. Wani harin Azabaijan a cikin 2023 ya kawo karshen Jamhuriyar Artsakh kuma ya haifar da jirgin Nagorno-Karabakh Armeniyawa.

Azerbaijan jumhuriya ce ta jumhuriya ta rabin shugaban kasa. yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe shida na Turkawa masu cin gashin kansu kuma memba ne mai himma a cikin Kungiyar Kasashen Turkiyya da al'ummar TÜRKSOY. Azerbaijan tana da huldar diflomasiya tare da kasashe 182 kuma tana da memba a cikin kungiyoyin kasa da kasa na 38, gami da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Majalisar Turai, Kungiyar da ba ta dace ba, OSCE, da shirin NATO PfP. Yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa GUAM, Commonwealth of Independent States,  da OPCW. Azerbaijan kasa ce mai sa ido ta Kungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya.

Mafi yawan al'ummar kasar (97%) musulmi ne.  Kundin tsarin mulkin Azarbaijan bai ayyana addini a hukumance ba, kuma dukkanin manyan rundunonin siyasa a kasar ba su da addini. Azerbaijan kasa ce mai tasowa kuma tana matsayi na 89 a kididdigar ci gaban bil'adama. Jam'iyyar New Azerbaijan mai mulki, in po
## Asalin suna
Ƙarin bayani: Atropatene, Caucasian Albania, da Azerbaijan (toponym)
Kalmar Azerbaijan ta samo asali ne daga Atropates,   ɗan Farisa   satrap a ƙarƙashin Daular Achaemenid wanda aka dawo da shi azaman satrap na Media a ƙarƙashin Alexander the Great. Asalin asalin asalin wannan sunan ana tsammanin yana da tushensa a cikin Zoroastrianism wanda ya taɓa mamayewa. A cikin Frawardin Yasht na Avesta ("Waƙa ga Mala'iku Masu Tsaro"), akwai ambaton âterepâtahe ashaonô fravashîm ýazamaide, wanda ke fassara daga Avestan a matsayin "muna bauta wa fravashi na Atropatene mai tsarki" Sunan "Atropates" shi ne fassarar Hellenanci na Tsohon Iraniyawa, mai yiwuwa Median, hade da suna tare da ma'anar "Wuta (Tsarki) Mai Tsarkaka" ko "Ƙasar Wuta (Mai Tsarki)" Diodorus Siculus da Strabo ne suka ambaci sunan Girkanci. A cikin shekaru millennia, sunan ya samo asali zuwa Āturpātākān (Farshiya ta Tsakiya), sannan zuwa Ādharbādhagān, Ādhorbāygān, Āzarbāydjān (Sabuwar Farisa) da Azerbaijan ta yau.

Gwamnatin Musavat ta fara amfani da sunan Azerbaijan a shekara ta 1918bayan rugujewar daular Rasha, lokacin da aka kafa Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Azarbaijan mai cin gashin kanta. Har zuwa lokacin, an yi amfani da nadi na musamman don gano yankin da ke kusa da wannan yanki na arewa maso yammacin Iran,    yayin da yankin Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Azerbaijan a da ake kira Arran da Shirvan. A kan haka ne Iran ta nuna rashin amincewa da sunan kasar da aka dauka.

A lokacin mulkin Soviet, an kuma rubuta ƙasar da Latin daga fassarar Rasha kamar Azerbaydzhan (Rashanci: Азербайджа́н).[44]. An kuma rubuta sunan kasar da Cyrillic

## Tarihi
Babban labarin: Tarihin Azerbaijan
Dada
Ƙarin bayani: Caucasian Albania

Petroglyphs a cikin Gobustan National Park tun daga karni na 10 BC wanda ke nuna al'ada mai bunƙasa.
Hujja ta farko ta zama ɗan adam a ƙasar Azerbaijan ta samo asali ne tun daga ƙarshen zamanin dutse kuma yana da alaƙa da al'adun Guruchay na kogon Azykh. Matsugunan farko sun haɗa da Scythiyawa a cikin ƙarni na 9 BC.[ ] Bayan Scythiyawa, Mediyawan Iran sun mamaye yankin da ke kudancin kogin Aras. Achaemenids ne suka mamaye yankin wanda ya kai ga yaduwar Zoroastrianism.
"Khāqānī"
Daga zamanin Sasanid zuwa zamanin Safawida
Hasumiyar Maiden da Fadar Shirvanshahs da ke Tsohuwar birnin Baku wuri ne na Tarihin Duniya na UNESCO, wanda aka gina a ƙarni na 11-12.
Maiden Tower
Palace na Shirvanshahs
Daular Sasaniya ta mayar da Albaniya na Caucasian zuwa wata kasa mai cin gashin kanta a shekara ta 252, yayin da sarki Urnayr ya karbi addinin Kiristanci a hukumance a karni na 4. da mulkin Sassanid, Caucasian Albania ya kasance wani yanki a yankin har zuwa karni na 9, yayin da yake karkashin cikakken ikon Sassanid Iran, kuma ya ci gaba da mulkinsa. Duk da kasancewarsa ɗaya daga cikin manyan hadiman sarkin Sasaniya, sarkin Albaniya yana da kamannin iko kawai, kuma Sasanian marzban (gwamnan soja) yana da mafi yawan ikon farar hula, na addini da na soja.
A cikin farkon rabin karni na 7, Caucasian Albania, a matsayin wata vassal na ilimin Sassasia, sun zo karkashin mulkin musulmi tare da cin nasarar Farisa. Kalifa na Umayyo ya sake buga kasashen biyu da Byzantes daga Kudancin Caucasus kuma ya koma Caliphate na Vassassion kamar yadda SirriDs, da Shaddadids. A farkon karni na 11, a hankali ya kama yankin da ƙaura Oghratz Turks daga Tsakiyar Asiya, wanda ya dauki hanyar gaishe Turkawa a lokacin. Barthold, V.V. Sochineniya; p. 558: "Whatever the former significance of the Oghuz people in Eastern Asia, after the events of the 8th and 9th centuries, it focuses more and more on the West, on the border of the Pre-Asian cultural world, which was destined to be invaded by the Oghuz people in the 11th century, or, as they were called only in the west, by the  Na farkon wadannan maganin Turkic da aka kafa shi ne Seljuk da Daular ta 1067. 

Yaren Pre-Turkic ya yi magana da yaruka na Turai a cikin Turai da na Turai, daga cikinsu Armeniyanci ya maye gurbinsa, farkon wanda aka maye gurbinsa da na Azeri, farkon wanda aka maye gurbinsa na Azerbaijani na yau.  Armenia: A Historical Atlas masu ilimin likitocin sun kuma bayyana cewa yarukan Azerbaijan da Jamhuriyar Azerbaijan, kamar yadda Tats, ya fito daga tsohon Azeri. [ Hewsen, Robert H. (1982). Thomas J. Samuelian, ed. "Ethno-History and the Armenian Influence upon the Caucasian Albanians". Classical Armenian Culture: Influences and Creativity. (Philadelphia: Scholars Press. p. 45.) A cikin gida, da kayan seljuk daular Seljuk da Emzuk, wanda aka yiwa selukukins, amma wani lokaci Vassals na Facters da kansu. A ƙarƙashin Seljuks, gida mawaƙan kamar nizami gane wajaivi da Khaqani ya haifar da fure mai fure na litattafan Persian a yankin. Archived
farkon zuwan daga cikin sarvids har zuwa karatun 19 na karni. The Caspian: Politics, Energy and Security   

## Tarihin zamani

Taswirar siyasa na yankin gabashin Caucasus tsakanin 1795 da 1801
Bayan Safaya, daular daulolin Iranharid ya mallaki yankin. Bayan mutuwar Nader Shah a cikin 1747, yawancin batutuwan da suka gabata game da fashewar rashin ƙarfi. Yawancin Khanates da yawa tare da nau'ikan tsarin mulkin kai   ]  ]   [ Shugabannin waɗannan Khanates sun danganta kai tsaye ga masarautar Iran kuma sun kasance mata da kuma batutuwan Iran Shah.  Encyclopedia of Soviet law By Ferdinand Joseph Maria Feldbrugge, Gerard Pieter van den Berg, William B. Simons, Page 457  ya yi aiki da iko akan harkokinsu ta hanyar hanyoyin kasuwanci na kasa da kasa tsakanin Asiya ta Tsakiya da yamma. King, Charles

Bayan haka, yankin ya kasance ƙarƙashin mulkin zaman Iran da Qajars. 978-1-4381-1025-7 Daga ƙarshen karni na 18, Sinamsia Rasha ta sauya matakan tashin hankali da za a iya zuwa Iran da Daular Ottoman. Multiple Authors. "Caucasus and Iran". Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived from the original on 20 October 2021. Retrieved Rasha ta yi ƙoƙari ya sami damar mallakar yankin Caucasus wanda ya kasance, ga mafi yawan ɓangaren Iran.  A cikin 1804, Russiers ne suka mamaye kuma sun kori garin Ganja na Iran, ya zuga yakin Rusto-Persian.  Goldstein, Erik (1992). Wars and Peace Treaties: 1816 to 1991. London: Routledge. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-415-07822 Yan bindiga da karfi Russia sun kare yakin tare da cin nasara.  Bin asarar asarar Qajar Iran, an tilasta shi don hadewarsu a kan mafi yawan Khanates, tare da Georgia da Dagestan zuwa Mulkin Rasha. [81]

Da kewaye na Ganja sansanin soja a 1804 yayin yakin Russo-Farian na 1804-1813
The area to the north of the Aras River was Iranian territory until Russia occupied it in the 19th century.[14][82][83][84][85][86
Game da shekaru goma daga baya, a cikin keta dokin Gulistan, Russia Russia ta mamaye garin Elivan na Iran. [87] [88] [88] [88] Wannan ya haifar da faduwar karshe na tashinsu tsakanin su biyun, da yakin Ruso-Persian na 1826-1828. Sakamakon yarjejeniya na Turkmenchay ya tilasta Qajar Irfan a Ceeveregnty a kan Erivan Khanate da sauran Talysh Khanate. [81] Bayan hadayar da yankuna na Caicasian daga Iran zuwa Rasha, kan iyakar da aka sa a Kogin Aras. [89]

Duk da nasarar Rasha, a duk karni na 19, picocccupation tare da masana ilimin Iran, da yaki da Tiflis (90] A yanzu Georgia). [90] A tsakanin karni ɗaya, a cikin Iran-na Gabas ta Tsakanin Irassia, asalin ƙasa ya fito a ƙarshen karni na 19. [91] A sakamakon nasarar Rasha, Azerbaijanis ne a zamanin yau da kullun tsakanin kasashe biyu: Iran da Azerbaijan. [92]

Bayan rushewar daular Rasha yayin yakin duniya na, an sanya 'yan gajerun' yan wasan Azerbaijan, Georgia, da Armenia. An bi ta da kwanaki 30 [94] wanda ya faru tsakanin 30 Maris da 2 ga Afrilu 1918 a cikin Baku da wuraren da ke cikin Baku Goodnorate. [95

Lokacin da Jamhuriyar ta narkar da a watan Mayu 1918, jagorar gwamnatin Mushaijar ta ayyana 'yan kasuwar "Azerbaijan na" [38] [] [38] [38] [39] ADR shine Jamhuriyar majalisa ta zamani ta zamani a cikin duniyar Musulmi. [146] [96] [97] Daga cikin mahimman nasarori na majalisar sun kasance fadakarwar tashin hankali ga mata, yin Adr na Musulmi na Musulmi na farko da ya baiwa mata hakkoki ta siyasa da maza. [96] Jami'ar jihar Baku, Jami'ar zamani da aka kafa ta Gabas ta Gabas, an kafa ta a wannan lokacin. [96]

Taswirar Taswirar Azerbaijan a cikin taron tattaunawa ta Paris 1919
Azujan Azerbaijan ya kasance tsawon watanni 23 kawai har sai da Bolshevik Jamhuriyar Soviet ta mamaye shi, Azerbaijanis bai mika taka 'yancinsu na 1918-20 da sauri ko sauƙi. Kamar yadda sojoji 20,000 Azerbaijani suka mutu sun tsayayya da abin da ya kasance mai sulhu da Rashanci. [98] A cikin dawowar farkon Soviet, an ƙirƙira asalin ƙasa na Azerbaijani. [91]