Movement for Black Lives

The Movement for Black Lives (**M4BL**) haɗin gwiwa ne na kungiyoyi sama da 50 da ke wakiltar buƙatun Al'ummomin baƙar fata a duk faɗin Amurka. Membobin sun haɗa da Black Lives Matter Network, Taron Ƙasa na Black Lawyers, da Cibiyar Ella Baker da 'Yancin Ɗan Adam. Ƙungiyoyi kamar su Color of Change, Race Forward, Brooklyn Movement Center, PolicyLink, Million Women March Cleveland, da ONE DC sun goyi bayan su,  kuma haɗin gwiwar tana karɓar sadarwa da goyon baya daga wata kungiya mai suna Blackbird. 

A ranar 24 ga watan Yuli, 2015 ƙungiyar ta fara taro a Jami'ar Jihar Cleveland inda tsakanin a shekarun 1,500 zuwa 2,000 masu fafutuka suka taru don shiga cikin tattaunawa da zanga-zanga. Da farko taron ya yi yunƙurin "dabarun hanyoyin da ƙungiyar Movement for Black Lives za ta yi wa jami'an tsaro alhakin ayyukansu a matakin ƙasa".  Duk da haka, taron ya haifar da samar da wani motsi mai mahimmanci na zamantakewa. A ƙarshen taron kwanaki uku, a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli, kungiyar Movement for Black Lives ta kaddamar da "tsari na kiran kungiyoyin ƙananan hukumomi da na ƙasa don samar da haɗin kai".  Tsawon shekaru na wannan shekara ya haifar da kafa dandalin ƙungiya wanda ke bayyana manufofi, buƙatu, da manufofin da Movement for Black Lives ke goyon bayan su don cimma "'yantar da" al'ummomin baƙaƙen fata a faɗin Amurka. 

Bayan kisan gillar da aka yi wa George Floyd, M4BL ta fitar da Dokar BREATHE, wacce ta yi kira da a aiwatar da sauye-sauyen majalisa game da aikin 'yan sanda. Kudirin dokar ya haɗa da kiraye-kirayen janyewa daga aikin ‘yan sanda da sake saka jari kai tsaye zuwa albarkatun al’umma da kuma wasu hanyoyin ba da agajin gaggawa.   A cikin shekarar 2020, Movement for Black Lives ta fitar da buƙatun manufofi don mayar da martani ga cutar ta COVID-19. 

## Ƙungiya
Deva Woodly, Farfesa a fannin Siyasa a jami’ar The New School, ta bayyana The Movement for Black Lives a lokacin zanga-zangar George Floyd a matsayin “ƙungiya-madaidaiciya da ta haɗa da tarin ƙungiyoyin gwagwarmaya a faɗin ƙasar,” wadda ta baiwa mutane damar “hade hanyoyin dake nuna matsalolin da ake fama da su a yanzu da kuma tushen matsalolin.”

### Tsarin yanke shawara
M4BL tana aiki ne ta hanyar tsarin "hub-and-spoke" mara cibiyar iko, inda kowace reshe ta gari (kamar BYP100) ke da ’yancin kansu yayin da suke haɗin kai da rukuni-rukunin aiki na ƙasa guda shida. Takardun cikin gida sun nuna cewa kashi 73% na yanke shawarar kuɗi ana yin su ne ta wurin majalisun yankuna da ’yan gwagwarmaya na ƙasa suka kafa. Wannan tsari ya fuskanci suka a lokacin sauyin shugabanci na shekarar 2022, inda wasu membobi suka zargi rassan da suka fi arziƙi da rinjaye a yanke shawara.

### Manufa da bayanai
Manufar ƙungiyar, da aka fitar a watan Agustan 2016, mai taken *A Vision for Black Lives: Policy Demands for Black Power, Freedom and Justice*, ta ƙunshi buƙatu guda shida:

# A dakatar da yaƙi da bakar fata.
# Diyya saboda bautar da aka yi a Amurka da kuma munanan abubuwan da suka biyo baya.
# A daina zuba jari a cibiyoyin da ke daure da cutar da bakar fata; a mayar da hankali wajen jari ga ilimi, lafiya da tsaron rayuwar bakar fata.
# Adalcin tattalin arziki ga kowa da kowa da sake gina tsarin tattalin arziki domin al’ummomi su mallaki dukiya tare, ba kawai su samu damar shiga ba.
# Sarrafa dokoki, cibiyoyi da manufofi da suka fi shafar rayuwarmu ta hanyar haɗin kan al’umma.
# Ƙarfi a siyasa da ikon yanke hukunci na bakar fata a dukkan fannoni na rayuwa.

M4BL na ganin cewa biyar diyya wani abu ne mai yiwuwa kuma yana da tushe, duba da diyya da aka biya wa manoman bakar fata a shekarar 2012.

A shekarar 2023-2024, ƙungiyar ta fitar da bayani cewa “muna buƙatar dakatar da harin gaggawa da kuma kawo ƙarshen mamayar yankin Falasɗinu da Amurka ke mara wa baya,” tare da alƙawarin “ƙi yayyafa wa kisan ƙare dangi da ake yi a Gaza.”

### Kuɗi da tallafin cibiyoyi
Bayan da ƙungiyar ta fitar da manufofinta a 2016, ƙungiyoyi 50 sun bayyana goyon bayansu. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukanta shi ne kafa Asusun Gwagwarmayar Bakar Fata (BLMF) ta hannun ƙungiyar bada tallafi ta Borealis Philanthropy. Wannan asusu an kafa shi don tallafa wa M4BL, kuma yana da burin haɗa gudummawar dala miliyan 100 ga ƙungiyar, tare da taimaka mata wajen haɓaka ƙarfinta na cikin gida.

## Manyan abubuwa

### Zanga-zangar Jami’ar Cleveland State

A ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2015, mutane daga sassa daban-daban na ƙasar Amurka suka taru a Jami’ar Cleveland State domin nuna damuwa kan cin zarafin da ’yan sanda ke yi wa al’ummar bakar fata. Musamman, rasuwar mutanen da suka haɗa da Michael Brown, Eric Garner, da Tamir Rice ne suka ƙarfafa buƙatar wannan taro a tsakanin al’ummar bakar fata. A lokacin taron wanda ya ɗauki kwanaki uku (24–26 ga Yuli), masu fafutuka sun halarci muhawarori, kallon fina-finai gajeru, da kuma bitoci da aka shirya domin inganta ƙwarewar masu neman mafita kan matsalolin da ke addabar bakar fata. Taron na Jami’ar Cleveland State ana ɗaukar sa a matsayin babban taron farko na ƙungiyar Movement for Black Lives, inda mutane fiye da 1,500 suka halarta. Daga bisani, masu fafutuka daga wannan taron suka ɗauki matakin kafa ƙungiyar Movement for Black Lives ta hukuma tare da tsara manufofin da za su zama jagora ga masu fafutuka daga sassa daban-daban na ƙasar domin kawo ƙarshen cin zarafin ’yan sanda da nuna wariya ga bakar fata a Amurka.

Taron ya samu ƙarin kulawar kafafen yaɗa labarai na ƙasa baki ɗaya, a ranar ƙarshe na taron, lokacin da wani jami’in Cleveland Regional Transit Authority (RTA) ya fesa barkonon tsohuwa ga taron gungun masu zanga-zanga da yawancinsu bakar fata da ke da nisan kadan daga Jami’ar Cleveland State. Gungun sun taru ne sakamakon cafke wani yaro bakar fata da wani jami’in RTA ya yi saboda ya sha giya. A cewar hukumomi, matashin ya kasa kula da kansa saboda yawan shan giya, kuma hakan ya sa suka ga ya dace a tsare shi. Yayin da ake tsare yaron, mutane suka kewaye motar ’yan sanda domin nuna adawa, kuma domin warware hanyar motar, jami’in ’yan sandan sufuri ya fesa barkonon tsohuwa ga masu zanga-zanga. Wannan lamari ya jawo suka daga kungiyoyi masu kare haƙƙin bil’adama irin su ACLU na Ohio, inda suka ce amfani da barkonon tsohuwa wajen tarwatsa mutane yana da matsala.

### Nuna goyon bayan wasanni na ƙwararru

’Yan wasa daga fannoni daban-daban na wasanni na ƙwararru a Amurka sun nuna goyon bayansu ga wannan motsi ta hanyar gudanar da zanga-zanga. A shekarar 2016, ɗan wasan ƙwallon kafa Colin Kaepernick ya zaɓi durƙusawa yayin da ake rera taken ƙasa a wani wasan NFL. A lokacin hirar bayan wasa, Kaepernick ya bayyana da cewa, “Ba zan tsaya domin nuna alfahari da tutar ƙasa da ke zaluntar bakar fata da sauran masu launin fata ba.” Kaepernick da wasu ’yan wasa sun fuskanci suka mai tsanani saboda wannan ɗabi’a a lokacin kakar wasan 2016, har da fuskantar suka daga Alkalin Kotun Ƙoli Ruth Bader Ginsburg, wacce ta ce, “Shin zan kama su saboda hakan? A’a… amma hakan ba da hankali ba ne kuma rashin girmamawa ne.” Duk da cewa wannan mataki ya jawo ra’ayoyi masu ɗimbin yawa, amma ya sanya batun rayuwar bakar fata a gaba da gaba cikin tattaunawar ƙasa.

’Yan wasa daga sauran wasannin ƙwararru kamar NBA suma sun shiga cikin nuna goyon baya ga motsin. A 2016, LeBron James, Chris Paul, Dwyane Wade, da Carmelo Anthony sun hau mataki a bikin ESPY domin bayar da “kiran aiki” dangane da harbe-harben da aka yi wa Philando Castile da Alton Sterling, da kuma mutuwar ’yan sanda biyar da aka kashe a Dallas. Wadannan taurarin NBA sun yi amfani da damar wajen ƙarfafa hadin kai a tsakanin masu ra’ayoyi daban-daban. Dwyane Wade ya ce, “Dakata da nuna wariya bisa launin fata… amma kuma ramuwar gayya ma ta daina. Ya isa haka.” Sun ƙara da kiran Amurkawa da su “ƙi duk wani tashin hankali,” su maida hankali kan sake gina al’ummomin da ke daure da juna.

### Yajin Aiki don Rayuwar Bakar Fata

A ranar 20 ga Yuli, 2020, ƙungiyar Movement for Black Lives tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi fiye da 60 ciki har da wasu ɗaruruwan ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago, sun shirya yajin aikin Strike for Black Lives. A matsayin wani ɓangare na zanga-zangar George Floyd da kuma motsin Black Lives Matter gaba ɗaya, yajin aikin ya ƙunshi ficewar ma’aikata a fadin ƙasar don neman adalci na kabilanci da tattalin arziki.

## Karɓuwa

Ƙungiyoyi kamar National Council of Asian Pacific Americans, ACLU na Arewacin California, da National Council of Jewish Women sun nuna goyon bayansu ga Gwagwarmayar Rayukan Baƙaƙe (Movement for Black Lives) ta hanyar fitar da bayani a fili bayan wallafa manufofinta da ya jawo cece-kuce. Kiran da Gwagwarmayar Rayukan Baƙaƙe ta yi na gyaran tsarin shari’a da kawo ƙarshen cin zarafin ‘yan sanda ya samu karɓuwa daga ƙungiyoyin rajin kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam. A cikin wata sanarwa, National Council of Jewish Women ta bayyana da cewa, "NCJW tana tabbatar da cewa rayukan baƙaƙe na da muhimmanci, ciki har da Yahudawa masu launin fata, waɗanda sune muhimmin ɓangare na al’ummominmu na Yahudawa da NCJW. Muna gane cewa al’ummomin baƙaƙe da na Yahudawa suna da alaƙa mai ƙarfi, kuma gwagwarmayarmu don adalci na zamantakewa tana haɗe da juna." 

Gwagwarmayar Rayukan Baƙaƙe ta samu ƙarin goyon baya daga Democracy for America bayan fitar da kundin manufofinta. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan manufofin wannan gwagwarmaya shine haɓaka tsarin dimokuraɗiyya wanda zai fi wakiltar al’ummomin baƙaƙe a Amurka. Ƙungiyoyi da dama na siyasa sun nuna haɗin kai da M4BL domin, a cewar Democracy for America, ana ganin ta a matsayin "mabuɗin tattaunawa mai ma’ana da ta ƙunshe da sakamako waɗanda shugabannin yanzu da masu zuwa na jam’iyyar Democrat za su yi da al’ummomin da suke wakilta."  Bugu da ƙari, manufofin wannan gwagwarmaya na haɓaka sauyi a fannoni na tattalin arziki, siyasa da zamantakewa sun bayar da wata "ƙa’ida mai ƙarfi" ga ‘yan majalisa masu zuwa don su fahimci matsalolin da ke addabar al’ummomin baƙaƙe da kuma nemo mafita.

A shekarar 2016, Ford Foundation ta haɗu da Borealis Philanthropy, wata ƙungiyar tallafi, domin kafa wata asusu mai suna "Black-Led Movement Fund" da nufin "samar da dala miliyan 100 domin tallafawa Gwagwarmayar Rayukan Baƙaƙe."  Ko da yake Ford Foundation ta dakatar da wannan jarin gaba ɗaya daga baya, har yanzu tana bai wa ƙungiyoyi kuɗaɗe masu yawa don goyon bayan adalci na launin fata.  BLMF ta raba tallafi kaɗan-kaɗan ga ƙungiyoyi da dama a cikin wannan gwagwarmaya.  Zuwa ƙarshen shekarar 2020, Borealis Philanthropy ta raba dala miliyan 5.4 ga ƙungiyoyin tushe domin tallafawa M4BL. 

Akwai matsanancin rashin jin daɗi daga ƙungiyoyin Yahudawa dangane da kundin manufofin Gwagwarmayar Rayukan Baƙaƙe na shekarar 2016,  inda M4BL ta bayyana cewa "[Amurka] tana amfani da haɗin guiwa da Isra'ila don halatta kuma ci gaba da yaƙin da take da 'yan ta'adda a duniya, kuma tana da hannu cikin kisan ƙare dangi da ake yi wa al’ummar Palasɗinu", da cewa "Isra’ila ƙasa ce ta wariyar launin fata", da cewa "[Amurka] ta bayar da kuɗaɗen gina katangar wariya." 

A watan Agusta na 2020, Gwagwarmayar Rayukan Baƙaƙe tare da fiye da ƙungiyoyi 100 na hagu, ciki har da Council on American-Islamic Relations, Jewish Voice for Peace da Jews for Racial and Economic Justice, sun sanya hannu a wata wasiƙar bude wadda ke kira da a katse hulɗa da Anti-Defamation League (ADL) saboda goyon bayanta ga Isra’ila. 

## Manazarta