Mutuwar uwa

**Mutuwar uwa** ko **Mutuwar nakuda** na da ma'anoni daba daban a wajen kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya. Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta bayyana mutuwar uwa a matsayin mutuwar uwa mai ciki a dalilin matsalolin da suka shafi ciki, rashin lafiya da ya kara tsanantuwa saboda daukan ciki ko kula da wannan matsalar ciki. Wannan na iya faruwa ko dai yayin da take dauke da cikin ko a cikin makonni shida bayan ravuwa da cikin. Fahimtar CDC game da mutuwar da ke da alaƙa da ciki ya faɗaɗa zuwa shekara ɗaya daga rabuwa da cikin. Mutuwar da ke da alaka da ciki, kamar yadda Kwalejin Likitocin Amurka da Masana Magunguna (ACOG) suka bayyana cewa, itace duk wata mutuwar da ke faruwa a cikin shekara guda bayan rabuwa da cikin. Gano mutuwar da ke alaka da ciki yana da mahimmanci don yanke hukunci ko cikin ne sanadiyyar mutuwa kai tsaye ko a kaikaice.

Akwai manyan matakai guda biyu da ake amfani da su yayin magana  akan yawan mutuwar uwaye a cikin al'umma. Wadannnan su ne giɓin mutuwar uwaye da kuma yawan mace-macen uwaye, dukansu an taƙaita su a matsayin "MMR". A shekara ta 2017, yawan mace-mace a duniya ya ragu da kashi 44% tun daga 1990; duk da haka, kowace rana mata 808 suna mutuwa a wajen haihuwa ko abubuwan da suka shafi haihuwa. Dangane da rahoton Asusun Jama'a na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNFPA), kusan kowane minti 2 mace tana mutuwa a dalilin matsaloli saboda haihuwar yaro ko rainon ciki. Ga kowane mace da ta mutu, akwai kimanin mata 20 zuwa 30 da suka samu rauni, ko suka kamu da cuta, ko wasu matsalolin haihuwa ko ciki.

UNFPA sun kimanta cewa akalla mata 303,000 ne suka mutu a sanadiyyar ciki ko haihuwa a cikin shekara ta 2015. Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta raba sanadin mutuwar haihuwa zuwa kashi biyu: **sanadin mutuwa na kai tsaye** da kuma **sanadi mutuwan da ba na kai tsaye ba.** Sanadin mutuwar haihuwa na kai tsaye shine mutuwa a dalilin matsalolin daukan ciki, haihuwa ko zubar da cikin. A misali, sun hada da tsananin zubar jini, ko matsalar naƙuda, wanda anyi yinkurin hana hakan sosai. Sanadin da ba na kai tsaye ba sun hada da daukan ciki ya janyo ko kuma ya kawo tsanani ga wani cutan da ake dauke da shi na daban, kamar matsalar ciwon zuciya. 

Tunda mata sun samu damar isa ga tsarin iyali da kuma kwararru masu amsan haihuwa tare da kwararrun kayan aikin haihuwa na gaggawa, ratio na mutuwar haihuwa ya ragu daga mutuwar uwaye 385 a duk mutum 100,000 a shekara ta 1990, zuwa mutuwa uwaye 216 a duk masu haihuwa 100,000 a shekara ta 2015. Mace-macen mata masu haihuwa ya ragu zuwa rabi a wasu kasashe da dama a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata. Duk da cewa akwai yinkuri da yawa don rage mace-macen uwaye wajen haihuwa, akwai gibi da yawa da ke bukatan bunkasawa, musamman a yankuna masu karancin arziki. Fiye da kaso 85% da mace-macen mata wajen haihuwa yana faruwa ne a kasashen Afurka, da Asiya. A cikin kasashen da suka cigaba, har yanzu akwai sassan da ke bukatan ingantawa, musamman tunda suna da alaka da bambancin launin fata da harshe, da kuma rashin daidaito a cikin mutuwar mata wajen haihuwa da kuma matakan kamuwa da cuta.

## Siloli
### Sanadin mutuwa daga haihuwa na kai tsaye
#### Bayani
Sanadin mutuwar uwa a wajen haihuwa na kai tsaye shine mutuwar mai nakuda a dalilin matsaloli daga rainon ciki, haihuwa, ko zubar da cikin ko kuma matsaloli daga kula da su.

Abubuwan da ke janyo mutuwar uwaye sun bambanta dangane da yankuna da kuma samun isasshen kiwon lafiya. Dangane da aka buga a Mujallar *Lancet* wanda ya shafi tsakanin shekaru daga 1990 zuwa 2013, mafi akaarin mutuwar masu haihuwa a duk fadin duniya sune, tsananin zubar jini (kashi 15%), matsaloli daga zubar da ciki da ba'a bi ka'ida ba (15%), matsalolin hawan jini a yayin haihuwa (kashi 10%), cututtukan da ake kamuwa da su (*infection* kashi 8%),  matsalolin nakuda (kashi 6%), wasu matsaloli daga gudan jini (kashi 3%), da kuma rashin lafiya da dama ana dauke da su (28%). Other causes include blood clots (3%) and pre-existing conditions (28%).

#### Ma'anonin matsaloli
Ɓarkewar jini a yayin haihuwa yana faruwa ne idan an samu zubar jini da ba a iya tsaida shi daga mahaifa, ko ƙarƙashin mahaifa, ko fatar gaban mace bayan haihuwa. Hakan na iya faruwa a yayinda mahaifa ba koma yadda ya kamata ba bayan haihuwa, akwai sauran rigar mahifa a cikin mahaifan, ko kuma akwai yanka ko rauni a ƙarƙashin mahaifa, ko al'auran mace a yayin haihuwa.

Matsalolin hawan jini wajen haihuwa yana faruwa ne a yayinda jiki ba zai iya gudanar da hawan jini ba yadda ya dace. A yayin rainon ciki, wannan yana faruwa ne a dalilin canji a cikin kwayoyin halitta, watakila saboda mahaifa. Wannan ya hada da hawan jini bayan daukan ciki da kuma  ''pre-eclampsia''. 

## Manazarta