Cedar Sink

**Cedar Sink** babban bakin ciki ne mai bango a tsaye ko nutsewa a cikin ƙasa, wanda yake a cikin gundumar Edmonson, Kentucky kuma yana cikin da kuma sarrafa Mammoth Cave National Park . Tushen yana auna  daga saman dutsen yashi zuwa kasan ramin ruwa kuma ya faru ne sakamakon faɗuwar ƙasa. Yanayin yanayi shine karst topography, wanda ke nufin yankin yana tasiri ta hanyar rushewar duwatsu masu narkewa . Ramin rami, kogo, da dolines yawanci suna nuna waɗannan tsarin magudanar ruwa na ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Cedar Sink yana da ƙasan ƙasa na kusan  kuma yana da ƙasa mai dausayi idan aka kwatanta da tudu. 

## Geomorphology

### Shekarun dutse
Duwatsun Cedar Sink da kewaye sun fito ne daga Mississippian (wanda kuma aka sani da ƙananan Carboniferous ko Early Carboniferous) wanda ya faru shekaru miliyan 358.9 zuwa 323.2 da suka wuce. 

### Cedar Sink samuwar
Babban Clifty Sandstone caprock an keta shi, yana fallasa Tsarin Girkin na farar ƙasa kuma ya haifar da sauƙi kusan  a ƙasan babban fili. Ƙasan kwandon shara yana kwance wani  a kasa da kuma fallasa saman Ste. Genevieve Limestone . 

Rauni daga rufin daga karyar kafur da samuwar Smith, Cedar Spring, da Woolsey Valleys ya sa babban gangar jikin kakanni ya ruguje. Ci gaba da gudana a cikin layin magudanar ruwa ya kara lalata magudanar ruwa kuma ya kara rugujewa. 

Rushe rijiyoyin ruwa, kamar Cedar Sink, suna samuwa bayan rugujewar ƙasa ta farko ta faru. Wannan rushewar yawanci yana faruwa ne a mahadar hanyoyi biyu na ƙarƙashin ƙasa inda rufin rufin ya fi faɗi don haka ya fi rauni.  Ana ci gaba da aiwatar da tsarin yayin da kogin karkashin kasa akai-akai yana karkatar da bangon kogon, yana haifar da rugujewar katako mai ɗaukar nauyi wanda ya haifar da fa'ida mai faɗi. Zazzagewa yana ci gaba kuma a ƙarshe ɓarnar ta kai saman.

Ana iya ganin ruwa a cikin rafi na ephemeral daga kau da kai da kuma lokaci-lokaci a wasu wurare shida a cikin wannan nutsewar, dangane da yanayi da abubuwan hazo na baya-bayan nan.  Bayyanar rafin ƙasa yana sanya Cedar Sink taga karst  ko Karst fenster .

Cedar Sink an samo shi ne daga manyan kwanduna biyu masu kama da juna: Mill Hole da Procter Cave. Kafin babban guguwa na Mayu 1984, duk ruwan Cedar Sink yana gudana ne kawai zuwa Spring Turnhole. 

### Karst topography
Yankin Cedar Sink shi ne yanayin yanayin karst, yanayin shimfidar wuri wanda aka samo shi daga narkar da duwatsu masu narkewa kamar dutsen farar ƙasa, dolomite, da gypsum . Ana siffanta shi da tsarin magudanar ruwa na ƙarƙashin ƙasa tare da magudanar ruwa, dolines, da kogo.

Ci gaban karst yana faruwa ne lokacin da ruwa mai acidic da sinadarai da kuma jiki ya rushe saman dutsen. An halicci ruwan acidic lokacin da carbon dioxide na yanayi da faɗuwar hazo ya haifar da raunin carbonic acid ( H2CO3 ). Wannan tsari yana faruwa a kusa da tsagewar gado ko jirgin saman kwanciya. Bayan lokaci, karaya za ta yi girma kuma a ƙarshe za ta haifar da hanyar sadarwa na magudanar ruwa a cikin gadon gado. Yanayin karst zai ci gaba da haɓaka a kan lokaci yayin da ruwa ke ƙarewa a kan duwatsu. Karst aquifers suna nuna halayen magudanar ruwa waɗanda ta hanyoyi da yawa suna bayyana kama da hanyoyin sadarwa na sama.  Masana kimiyya sun yi nazarin sigogi na ruwa -ruwa na ruwa da kuma geomorphology na shekaru, amma ba sai kwanan nan ba ne aka fahimci tsarin ruwa na karkashin kasa. Binciken hanyar sadarwa mai zurfi ta hanyar amfani da GIS da sauran kayan aikin ya haɓaka ingantaccen ra'ayi na karst topography da tasirin ruwa na ƙasa da ke faruwa a Mammoth Caves National Park. A cikin shekaru arba'in da suka gabata, bincike mai zurfi na Mammoth Cave Watershed yana da amfani don ba da dama ga babban bincike na ƙididdigewa a cikin ƙungiyar babbar hanyar sadarwa mai haɓakawa, karst-magudanar ruwa. 

## Ilimin halittu
Yawancin ƙasa mai albarka tare da babban abun ciki na ruwa yana ba da damar yawan adadin ciyayi a ciki da wajen Cedar Sink. Wasu masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar cewa akwai wasu dazuzzuka masu yawa kafin a zauna. Yawancin nau'ikan sun haɗa da *Acer saccharum* /  da *Carya cordiformis* a cikin wuraren da aka fi kariya akan ƙasa mai arha. Tare da gabatar da aikin noma mai tsanani da bincike mara kyau, a baya ga ƙirƙirar matsayin gandun dajin na ƙasa, yanayin yanayin ya canza daga ingantacciyar “ mafi ƙanƙara ” zuwa yanayin yanayin da aka gyara sosai.  Sauran bishiyoyi a yankin Cedar Sink sun hada da *Liriodendron*, *Quercus muhlenbergii* da *Ulmus rubra* (watakila *Aesculus glabra*, *Tilia americana* ). Dabbobin shrubby sun hada da *Asimina* da *Lindera* . Wasu daga cikin ciyayi na ƙasa sun *haɗa* *da* *ɗan wasan dan wasan Pycnocarpon* *,* *Micrusegium Virginumta* *(* *Olycacium* *Virgini* *,* *Polygonum Virginum*, *Soldago Flasticaulis*, *Tradescantia subaspera*, *Verbesina alternifolia* . 

Yankin Cedar Sink yana da kwayoyin halitta da yawa ciki har da *Chologaster agassizii*, wani kogon bazara wanda ke da iyaka zuwa Lebanon Tennessee da Mammoth Caves National Park.  Sauran kwayoyin halitta sun hada da: alamar tambaya malam buɗe ido, asu tussock, ja-tabo purple da ja admiral . 

Wasu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire masu furanni sun haɗa da: ferns na Kirsimeti, ferns masu tafiya, thimbleweed, cranefly orchid, phlox, tick trefoil, agrimony, guba mai guba, *Hypericum perforatum* ( St. John's wort ), starry campion, tsayi bellflower, spidersforts, farar tick tick, farin alli . kodadde-spiked lobelia, *Ruellia* (daji petunia), kodadde Indian plantain da *Prunella vulgaris* . *Lactarius* shine naman kaza na kowa da aka samu a kusa da Cedar Sink. 

## Nishaɗi da ayyuka

### Tafiya
Hanyar zuwa Cedar Sink tana bin bene na Smith Valley na kusan mil ¾. Hanyar tafiya mai nisan mil 1.6 kuma tana kewaya gefen kudu na ramin kuma a ƙarshe ta kai ga wani dandali da ke kallon ramin. Hanyar a bayyane take tare da matakan hawa da yawa da ke kaiwa zuwa kasan ramin kuma akwai dandamalin vista da yawa a gefen rafin.  Hanyar tana ba da haske da yawa a tsarin kogin ƙarƙashin ƙasa sau ɗaya. Ra'ayoyi daga tudun ruwa suna canzawa dangane da yanayin; akwai maɓuɓɓugan ruwa da yawa a ƙarshen ƙarshen ramin. Hanyar ambaliya tana bushe a wasu lokuta kuma tana gudana da ƙarfi a wasu yayin babban hazo. Babban tashar tashoshi sau da yawa ba ya kan saman ko'ina cikin sassa da yawa na wannan yanki.

Geocaching kuma babban farauta ne na gama gari kamar ayyukan nishaɗi a Cedar Sink. Ana ɓoye caches da yawa a cikin Cedar Sink da Mammoth Caves.

## Manazarta