Hukumar Talabijin ta Najeriya

**Hukumar Talabijin ta Najeriya**  **(NTA)** mallakin gwamnatin Najeriya ce kuma mai watsa shirye-shiryenta ne na kasuwanci.  Asali anfi saninshi da **Gidan Talabijin na Najeriya** (NTV), an ƙaddamar da shi a cikin shekarar 1977 tare da mallakin watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin na ƙasa, bayan karɓar gidajen telebijin na yanki da hukumomin gwamnatin soja suka yi a shekara ta 1976. Bayan raguwar sha'awa daga jama'a a cikin shirye-shiryen da gwamnati ke tasiri,  sai aka rasa mallakar shi ta hanyar watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin a Najeriya a cikin shekarar 1990s.

NTA ita ce ke gudanar da gidan talabijin mafi girma a Najeriya tare da tashoshi a yankuna da dama na ƙasar. Ana kallon sa a matsayin "sahihiyar murya" ta gwamnatin Najeriya.

## Tarihi

### Tashoshin watsa shirye-shirye na farko a Najeriya
Gidan talabijin na farko a Najeriya, Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Gwamnatin Yammacin Najeriya (WNTV) ya fara watsa labarai a ranar 31 ga Oktoba shekara ta 1959.  Shugabanta na farko shi ne Olapade Obisesan, wani lauya da aka horar a Burtaniya kuma dan Akinpelu Obisesan, wani dan kishin zamantakewar Ibadan kuma shugaban farko na Bankin Hadin Kan Najeriya. Vincent Maduka, tsohon injiniya, ya kasance Babban Manaja. An kafa shi ne a Ibadan, yana mai da shi tashar watsa shirye-shirye ta farko a Afirka mai zafi, kodayake yawancin sassan arewacin Afirka suna da tashoshin telebijin. 

A watan Maris na na shekara ta1962, aka kafa Rediyo-Talabijin Kaduna / Rediyon Kaduna (RKTV). An kafa shi ne a Kaduna kuma Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Arewacin Najeriya ne ke aiki da shi. RKTV ya kuma bayar da labarai ga jihohin arewa ta tsakiya; ta bude sababbin tashoshi a Zariya a watan Yulin 1962 da kuma kano a watan Fabrairun 1963.  Daga baya a shekarar 1977, an sake sanya masa suna zuwa NTV-Kaduna. 

A watan Afrilun a shekara ta 1962, aka kafa Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Najeriya (NBC) a matsayin sabis na mallakar gwamnatin tarayya wanda ke da cibiya a cikin garin Legas, yana watsa shirye-shirye zuwa jihohin kudu maso yamma. 

An kafa MidWest TV a cikin 1972 a matsayin mai watsa shirye-shiryen TV na Fatakwal . Gwamnatin jihar ce ke gudanar da shi a Benin . 

Tashar Talabijin ta haɗin gwiwa Benuwai da Filato (BPTV) an kafa ta a 1974 tare da hedkwata a Jos . Ita ce tashar talabijin ta farko da ta fara watsa labaran launi na dindindin / dindindin a Afirka. Rarraba gwajin launi ta fara ne a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1975. Daga baya aka sake sanya BPTV a matsayin NTV-Jos. 

An kafa NTA a 1977. Zuwa watan Mayu 1977 dukkan masu watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin a jihar da aka lissafa a sama sun kasance haɗe kuma an sake sanya su a matsayin Talbijin na Najeriya (NTV) kuma mallakar Hukumar Talabijin ta Najeriya ce.  Obisesan da Makuda sun ci gaba a matsayin shugaba da Janar Manaja na NTA. Ya zuwa shekarar 1979, NTA ta kai kusan kashi 20% na yawan jama'ar Nijeriya. 

### Shirye-shiryen farko

#### 1977-1990: Sadarwar da aka samar a cikin gida
Shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo kamar silsilar da jerin abubuwan tarihi sun kasance da wuya a gidajen telebijin na yanki kafin a kafa NTA a 1977. Shirye-shiryen TV kamar su Musa Olaiya na *Alawada* a WNTV (daga baya NTA Ibadan), *Shugaban Kauyen* da *Hotel de Jordan* akan NTA Benin sun samu yaɗuwa sosai bayan hadewar. Baya ga waɗannan sanannun wasan kwaikwayon, akwai ƙaramin abun asali na asali a cikin jerin shirye-shirye masu ban mamaki yayin ƙarni na 1970s.  Zuwa 1980, lokacin da sabuwar hanyar sadarwa ta NTA ta karɓe tashoshin watsa labarai mallakar ƙasar a cikin ƙasar, an yi wani ƙoƙarin haɗa ƙarfi don kara ingancin abubuwan da ake samarwa a cikin gida. NTA ta fara bayar da tallafi ga samar da sanannun shirye-shiryen sadarwar kasar gaba ɗaya kamar su *Tales da Moonlight*, *Cockcrow at Dawn*, da *Mirror in the Sun* a farkon shekarar 1977.  A shekarar 1982, wasan kwaikwayo da gidan talbijin na NTA Sakkwato suka samar, *Moment of Truth ce ta* sami kyauta a bikin na biyar na URTNA da aka gudanar a Algiers . Don haɓaka sha'awa ga abubuwan watsa shirye-shirye na asali daga masana'antun Najeriya, cibiyar sadarwar ta sanya rufin watsa shirye-shirye na 20% don warewa ga shirye-shiryen ƙasashen waje, a lokacin lokacin da kuɗin sayan waɗannan shirye-shiryen ya yi ƙasa da waɗanda ake samarwa a cikin gida.  *Cockcrow at Dawn*, wani wasan kwaikwayo ne na tallata harkar noma wanda UBA ta dauki nauyinsa kuma Peter Igho ne ya shirya shi, wanda ya jagoranci kyautar lambar yabo ta *Moment of Truth*, ta zama daya daga cikin jerin wasannin kwaikwayo na farko da aka watsa a kasa baki daya a Najeriya.  Koyaya, an ɗan gajarta saboda "cututtukan tsarin gwamnati".  *Acada Campus*, wani shiri da Bode Sowande ya shirya, shima bai daɗe ba. Wadannan jerin an same su sosai saboda albarkatun NTA akan watsa labarai.

A cikin 1980s, an inganta jerin shahararrun wasan kwaikwayo na sabulu a kan hanyar sadarwar.  Na farko shi ne Iskar Laolu Ogunniyi a *kan* Rana, sai kuma *Mai Kyau ko Mummuna* da kuma Madarar Lola Fani Kayode *a Rana* . Na baya-bayan nan, wanda aka samar a shekarar 1983, ya samu karbuwa daga masu suka,  amma an katse watsa shirye-shiryensa bayan shekaru biyu saboda rashin tallafin kudi. A tsakiyar 1980s, wani rukuni na wasan kwaikwayo na sabulu ya mamaye iska, gami da gajeren gajere *Bayan Giza-gizai* da *Juyawa* .

A cikin shekara ta 1984, NTA ta fara watsa Labarai/Tatsuniya a *(Moonlight)*, shirin yara wanda ke ba da labarun al'adun gargajiya na Afirka. Har ila yau, hanyar sadarwar tana watsa shirye-shiryen Adelia Onyedibia na Chinua Achebe 's *Things Fall Apart* a 1986. 

Har ila yau, hanyar sadarwar ta haɓaka fitattun jerin abubuwan barkwanci a wannan lokacin kamar *Sabon Masquerade* da Ken Saro Wiwa 's *Basi and Company* .  Ɗaya daga cikin farkon wasan kwaikwayo na cibiyar sadarwar shine gida mai *no. 13* (1984) tare da Wale Ogunyemi ;, wani gidan zama mai gamsar da zamantakewa da zamantakewar 'ƴan Najeriya. Basi and Company, wani jerin wasan *barkwanci da aka yaba da*  wanda ke nuna Albert Egbe an watsa shi a cikin 1985. *Shugaban* *Kauye*, *Koko Close* da Samanja, jerin shirye-shirye uku da ake magana da su a cikin Pidgin Nigerian, an watsa su a duk faɗin ƙasar.

#### 1990s: Sashe na kasuwanci
A karkashin shirin na gyara tsarin da gwamnatin Ibrahim Babangida ta kaddamar, an bukaci NTA ta rika tallata wasu lokutan ta a wani yunƙuri na nisantar watsa shirye-shiryen jama'a zuwa wani ɓangaren watsa shirye-shirye na kasuwanci. Hakan ya haifar da kara shirye-shiryen addini da ake ɗaukar nauyi da kuma dillalan labarai da watsa shirye-shiryen bikin aure da jana'iza kai tsaye a kan hanyar sadarwar.

NTA ta kuma ci gaba da nuna fitattun wasannin wasan kwaikwayo na sabulu irin su *Mind Bending* na Lola Fani-Kayode, *Ripples* na Zeb Ejiro da *Checkmate* na Amaka Igwe . *Ripples*, wanda ya fara a 1988, ya zama wasan opera na sabulu mafi dadewa na hanyar sadarwa, wanda ya ƙare a 1993.  *Checkmate* by Amaka Igwe, tare da Richard Mofe Damijo, Bob-Manuel Udokwu, Ego Boyo, Kunle Bamtefa da Mildred Iweka, sun kaddamar da aikin. daga cikin fitattun ‘yan Najeriya da dama. Bayan ƙarshen *Ripples* da *Checkmate*, NTA ya inganta nunin *Blossom* da *Fortunes*, amma waɗannan jerin sun sha wahala daga raguwar kallo. A wannan lokacin NTA, wacce a baya tana da ikon watsa shirye-shirye, ta fuskanci gasa daga sabbin masu shiga irin su Talabijin Mai Zaman Kanta na Afirka. Don gasa, da cibiyar sadarwa gabatar Firayim lokaci Latin American telenovelas kamar *The Rich Also Cry*, *Asirin da Sand* kuma *Wild Rose* .

Shirye-shiryen yara ko na ilimi yawanci yana faruwa tsakanin 06:30karfe 07:00 na yammapm. Nunin sun haɗa da *lokacin Nishaɗi*, *Ƙwallon Karatu*, *Yi aiki da shi*, da *Ɗauki Mataki* .

A cikin 1999, cibiyar sadarwar ta gabatar da talabijin na karin kumallo tare da *AM Express* . 

### Labarai
Shirye-shiryen labarai sun kasance jigon NTA da ƙoƙarin gwamnati na samar da haɗin kan ƙasa. Cibiyar sadarwa ta tabbatar da cewa masu gabatar da labarai ba kawai karanta shirye-shiryen rubutun ba amma sun kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar tattara labarai. Kamar yadda yawancin marubutansu na farko suka fito daga aikin jarida, NTA ta tabbatar da cewa marubuta sun fahimci mahimmancin rubutu don gabatar da gani. NTA ta gabatar da sabon layi na masu ba da labarai da masu ba da rahoto kamar Ronke Ayuba, John Momoh, Cyril Stober, Bimbo Oloyede, Ruth Opia, Sienne Allwell-Brown da Sola Omole. An kuma gabatar da shirye-shiryen labarai na musamman kamar Frank Olise's *Newsline.*  Manyan shirye-shiryen labarai sune *Labaran Sadarwa a Tara*, Labarai na mintuna 5 *a Taƙaice da* ƙarfe 5:00pm, da kuma labarai na mintuna *15* a 11:00pm.

A cikin shekarun 1990, NTA ta shiga cikin wasu tashoshin tashoshi na gwamnati wajen tallata wasu abubuwan da suka shafi rahotannin labarai ta hanyar hada bukukuwa, al'amuran zamantakewa, al'adu da kasuwanci a cikin labarai ko a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin labarai don biyan kuɗi. 

## Shirye-shiryen Ƙarni na 21
Tun daga 2013, shirye-shiryen hanyar sadarwa na tilas sun mamaye lokacin isar yawancin tashoshin NTA na gida. An ba da tashoshin gida zaɓi na lokacin watsa shirye-shiryen gida daga takamaiman lokaci. 

A lokacin rana, mujallar tana nunawa kamar *AM Express*, daga baya aka sake masa suna *Good Morning Nigeria*, ana watsa shi na awanni 2½ daga 6:30na zuwa 9:00na safe da kuma daga Litinin zuwa Juma'a, amma sauran shirye-shiryen suna zuwa sau ɗaya ko sau biyu a kowane mako. Wasan kwaikwayo na hanyar sadarwa kamar *Super Story* da *Stand Up Nigeria* yawanci ana watsa su a ranakun Talata da Alhamis 8:00ramin pm. Fitattun shirye-shiryen wasanni sun haɗa da *A filin wasa* a ranar Litinin.

NTA, wacce a baya tana da wasu shirye-shiryen yara na asali, sun kulla haɗin gwiwa tare da Viacom don watsa shirye-shiryen Nickelodeon yayin 5-7.&nbsp;lokacin pm ga yara da talabijin na koyarwa. 

### Labaran Sadarwa
Yawancin labaran NTA sun ba da rahoton ayyukan gwamnati.  Babban samar da labarai shine *Labaran Sadarwa*, shirin na tsawon sa'o'i wanda ke zuwa da karfe 9:00&nbsp;pm Litinin-Jumma'a sai ranar Laraba, lokacin da aka maye gurbinsa da *Ƙarin Labarai* . *Labaran Sadarwa* galibi suna farawa ne da labarai daga fadar shugaban kasa, sannan labarai daga Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa, sannan kuma ma'aikatu da gwamnatocin jihohi.  Sauran abubuwan samar da labarai sun haɗa da *Labarai a 7* da *Labaran ƙasa* a 4&nbsp;pm. Rahoton bincike da labarun ɗan adam yawanci suna ƙarƙashin ayyukan gwamnati, ban da *Newsline da* ke fitowa a yammacin Lahadi. Na 9Shirin labarai na pm yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman ƙimar tallan hanyar sadarwar don tallace-tallace na daƙiƙa 30.  An saka sassan labarai da aka biya kamar 'Labaran Sha'awa ta Musamman' a cikin labaran watsa shirye-shiryen hanyar sadarwa kamar *Newsline* ko 9labaran sadarwar pm. 

Sauran abubuwan da aka fi sani da labarai sun hada da *Panorama*, *Ƙarfe ɗaya Live*, *A cikin Majalisar Dattijai*, da *Kai da Wakilinku* . 

### Shirye-shiryen da ake shigo da su

#### Tsoho
**Mai rairayi**

* *Kasadar Teddy Ruxpin*
* *Kasadar Karamin Yarima*
* *Atom Ant*
* *Yakin Duniya*
* *Bear, Tiger da sauran su*
* *Bertha*
* *Biker Mice Daga Mars*
* *Birdman da kuma Galaxy Trio*
* *Hasken Wuta*
* *Kyaftin Planet da Planeteers*
* *Casper the Friendly Ghost*
* *Hatsarin linzamin kwamfuta*
* *Dennis the Menace*
* *Dino-Mahaya*
* *DoDo, The Kid from Outer Space*
* *Dungeons &amp;amp; Dodanni*
* *Tatsuniya na Green Forest*
* *Groovie Goolies*
* *G-Force*
* *Harlem Globetrotters*
* *Shi-Man da Malaman Duniya*
* *Hulk Mai Girma*
* *Inspector Gadget*
* *Jimbo da Jet-Set*
* *Johnny Bravo*
* *Sarki Rollo*
* *Ƙananan Mayu*
* *Bus Makarantar Magic*
* *Muppet Babies*
* *Sabon Shmoo*
* *Ovide da Gang*
* *Titin Tattabara*
* *Pingu*
* *Pinky da Brain*
* *Samurai Jack*
* *Samurai X*
* *Sirrin Kunkuru*
* *SilverHawks*
* *Gudun tsere*
* *Wasanni Billy*
* *SuperTed*
* *Matashi Mutant Ninja Kunkuru*
* *ThunderCats*
* *Subsauki*
* *[[Tom da Jerry|Tom dan Jerry]]*
* *Towser*
* *Victor &amp;amp; Hugo: Bunglers a cikin Laifuka*
* *Voltron: Mai kare Duniya*

**Shirye-shiryen Yara**

* *3-2-1 Tuntuɓi*
* *Dabbobin Kwackers*
* *ChuckleHounds*
* *Fraggle Rock*
* *Wutar Wuta*
* *Rentaghost*
* *Titin Sesame*
* *Terrahawks*
* *Ƙungiyar Waterville*

**Wasan kwaikwayo**

* *Charlie's Mala'iku*
* *Likitan Wane*
* *Wani Mala'ika ya taɓa shi*
* *Yawon shakatawa*

**Abin ban dariya**

* *Kula da Harshen ku*
* *Muppet Show*
* *Guma Mai Riga!*
* *Wasu Iyayen Suna Yi 'Ave'em*

**Wasanni**

* *Telematch*

## NTA rassan da cibiyoyin sadarwa
Ya zuwa shekarar 2014, NTA tana da tashoshi 101 a cikin manyan jihohin Najeriya da garuruwa, tara daga cikinsu cibiyoyin sadarwa ne. Cibiyoyin sadarwar galibi sun samo asali ne daga tashoshin watsa shirye-shiryen farko na Najeriya, kuma suna Ibadan, Jos, Enugu, Kaduna, Legas, Benin, Makurdi, Maiduguri da Sokoto. 

## Suka
NTA wani bangare na samun kuɗaɗe ne  ta hanyar tsarin ƙasa. NTA dai ta fuskanci suka kan cewa abubuwan da ta shafi gwamnati da 'yan siyasa ne ke da tasiri.  An ce wannan tsangwama yana rage ƙwararrun masu watsa labarai a kan NTA.  

Hukumar ta NTA ta sha suka daga ’yan wasan kwaikwayo irin su Becky Umeh bisa zarginta da matsa mata da sauran masu fasaha don daidaita maganarsu da manufofin farfagandar gwamnati.   A cikin edita a ranar 18 ga Oktoba, 2009, jaridar Legas *The Guardian ta* bayyana cewa "Kamfanin Talabijin mallakin gwamnatin tarayya, Hukumar Gidan Talabijin ta Najeriya, (NTA), za a iya cewa ita ce mafi girma a cikin nau'in ta a Afirka, amma har yanzu ba ta fara aiki ba. 'yancin da ake buƙata don haɓaka ƙarfinsa."

An bayyana cewa yawaitar gidajen rediyon NTA a kowace babban birnin jihar ba su da amfani wajen yada labarai sai dai dalilai na siyasa.  Hakanan an soki hanyar sadarwar saboda amfani da tsohuwar fasahar zamani. 

## Ayyuka masu alaƙa
An kafa sabis ɗin TV na dijital na NTA, Startimes, a cikin 2010 a matsayin haɗin gwiwa tare da fasahar sadarwa ta Star Communications na China. Karin tashoshi na NTA sun hada da NTA Yoruba, NTA Ibo, NTA Hausa, NTA Sports 24 da NTA Parliamentary Channel. 

## Watsa shirye-shiryen duniya
Ana iya kallon shirye-shiryen NTA da yawa akan layi ta (Afirkast) da TelAfric Television a Amurka da Kanada. Ana yawan watsa labaran NTA a gidan Talabijin mai zaman kansa na Afirka da gidan talabijin na BEN da ke Burtaniya, inda kuma aka kaddamar da gidan talabijin a Sky a tashar 213 a shekarar 2008. Ya koma tashar 202 akan 1 Satumba 2008 don ba da sarari ga sabbin tashoshi. A farkon Maris na 2010, NTA ta ƙi watsa shirye-shirye a matsayin tashar biyan kuɗi akan Sky, kuma an cire ta daga Sky EPG a rana mai zuwa. Tashar ta dawo kan Sky a Burtaniya akan 20 Yuni 2018 akan tashar 781.

Hakanan ana samun NTA akan dandamalin IPTV SuncasTV, kuma ta hanyar tauraron dan adam kyauta zuwa iska akan Galaxy 19, Intelsat 905 da Intelsat 507.

## Sanannun ma'aikata

* Muhammad Kudu Abubakar - Newsreader ( *Network News* ), NTA Network
* Chris Anyanwu - Mai karanta labarai kuma dan jarida, NTA Aba
* Ben Murray-Bruce - Darakta-Janar na NTA (1999-2003) 
* Julie Coker - Sabuwar mai karatu kuma mai gabatarwa ( *Julie's World* ), NTA Legas
* Sadiq Daba – Furodusa kuma edita, NTA Sokoto and NTA Jos 
* Funmi Iyanda - Wakilin Wasanni kuma mai gabatarwa ( *New Dawn On Ten* ), NTA Lagos 
* Chuka Momah - Mai Gabatarwa ( *Wasannin NTA*, *Babban Yaki na Shekaru Goma*, *Wasannin ban sha'awa* ), NTA Network
* John Momoh - Mai karanta *Labarai (Labaran Sadarwa* da *Daren Yau A Tara* ), NTA Network
* Tade Ogidan - Producer/Director, NTA 2 Channel 5 
* Onyeka Onwenu - Mai karanta labarai kuma dan jarida, NTA Legas; mai gabatarwa ( *Contact* and *Wanene Ke kunne?* ), NTA Network 
* Nkem Owoh - Furodusa kuma mai karanta labarai, NTA Enugu
* Bimbo Roberts - Mai karanta *Labarai (Labaran Sadarwa* ), Cibiyar sadarwa ta NTA
* Cyril Stober - Mai karanta *Labarai (Labaran Sadarwa* ), Cibiyar sadarwa ta NTA
* Alex Usifo - Mataimakin / furodusa ayyuka, NTA Benin
* Fatima Abbas Hassan - Newsreader ( *News Extra* ), NTA Network

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Shafin hukuma 

## Manazarta