Tasirin muhalli na mamayar Rasha a Crimea

Crimea gida ce ga 6 daga cikin 19 na yanayi na Ukraine, mafi girman nau'in ajiyar yanayi. Mamaya da Rasha ta yi a yankin Crimea da ya fara a shekarar 2014 ya shafi muhallin yankin.

The gwamnatocin na duk reserves ne subordinated zuwa jihar cibiyoyin Ukraine: Ma'aikatar Ecology da Natural Resources na Ukraine (Kazantip da Opuk Nature Reserves (nan gaba - PZ), Charivna Havan National Nature Park), da Jihar Forest Resources Agency ( Crimean yanayi Reserve da Yalta Mountain-Forest yanayi Reserve), National Academy of Sciences na Ukraine (Karadazhsky PZ) da kuma Martial Academy of Sciences na Ukraine (Karadazhsky PZ). ). Bisa ga dokar Rasha, tanadi da wuraren shakatawa na kasa dole ne a ƙarƙashin ma'aikatar muhalli ta Rasha kai tsaye.

## Tarihi
A ranar 26 ga Maris, 2014, Gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Kazakhstan ta yanke shawarar sanya wuraren ajiya  kuma a ranar 27 ga Maris an gudanar da taron manema labarai a Simferopol a wannan lokacin ta Shugaban Kwamitin Jamhuriyan Republican na Kare Muhalli (Reskomprirody) Gennady Narayev.  "RK" bai yarda da canja wurin ajiyar a ƙarƙashin ikon Moscow ba.

A cikin duk takardun da suka biyo baya, matsayi na jagorancin "RK" yana da fa'ida mai mahimmanci don amfani da albarkatun halitta da na farko na abubuwan nishaɗi na Crimean reserves. Don haka, a ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 2014, an sanya hannu kan odar, bisa ga ziyarar zuwa wuraren ajiyar ruwa da wuraren shakatawa na kasa, hanyar zirga-zirgar yawon shakatawa na Crimea za ta kasance 'yanci har sai an samar da tsarin da zai magance gudanar da kudaden shiga.  . RK bai ƙirƙiri wata ƙungiya daban don sarrafa ma'ajin ba. Koyaya, akan daidai da gandun daji, ana yin tanadi ga Kwamitin Gandun daji na Republican (Reskomlis). 

A ranar 25 ga Agusta, 2014, shugaban Majalisar Dokokin Kazakhstan V. Konstantinov ya ce ana la'akari da batun kawar da ajiyar Opuk da Kazantip, kamar yadda mazauna yankin Leninsky suka yi kira ga "Hukumomin Crimean" don yin hakan. A cewarsa - "an bar mazauna ba tare da wuraren kiwo na gargajiya ba". Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa duka ajiyar an kafa su tun da daɗewa, bayan sun rasa mahimmancin tsaro tare da rushewar Tarayyar Soviet. " Wuraren kiwo na gargajiya" ba zai iya kasancewa a nan ba na akalla shekaru 70. Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa kusan dukkanin yankunan wadannan wuraren ajiyar ruwa sun mamaye ruwan teku da kuma tuddai masu tsayi a sama da teku - ba wuri mafi kyau don kiwo ba, sabanin matakan da ba su da iyaka na Kerch Peninsula capes wanda ya haifar da wadannan ajiyar.

Ranar 4 ga Yuni, 2014, Majalisar Ministocin Jamhuriyar Kazakhstan ta ba da umarnin No. 464-r "A kan canja wurin dukiya don amfani da kyauta ga Ofishin Shugaban Tarayyar Rasha". Jerin ya hada da daban-daban sanatoriums, mazauninsu, boarding gidajensu, kuma a karshen - Crimean Nature Reserve. A watan Oktoba na 2014, an canja wurin ajiyar yanayi na Crimean zuwa Cibiyar Kasafin Kudi ta Tarayya "Crimean Complex", wanda ke cikin Ofishin Shugaban Tarayyar Rasha,  don haka maido da tsohon (zamanin Tarayyar Soviet) matsayin Reserve na Jiha.

A watan Janairun 2015, Majalisar Ministocin Jamhuriyar Kazakhstan ta bayyana jerin wuraren da aka sauya zuwa Reskomlis. Sun kasance wuraren ajiyar Opuk, Kazantip, Yalta da Karadag - a matsayin cibiyoyin kasafin kuɗi, da NPP "Tarkhankut". Har yanzu ba a tantance matsayin Jamhuriyar Kazakhstan da ta ayyana kanta ba. Hakanan, Reskomlis ya ayyana wani ɓangare na NPF, ba tare da la'akari da rukunin ba - "kayan shakatawa" kuma ya saita kuɗin da ya bambanta don shiga cikin yankinsu. Yawon shakatawa da aka biya a cikin ajiya da wuraren ibada ana inganta shi sosai ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai na Crimea. Kudin shigarwa cikin ajiyar an kiyasta shi a 60 zuwa 100 rubles na Rasha ga manya da har zuwa 60 - ga yara; kafa alfarwa - 100 rubles, farashi na bas - 150 rubles, mota - 70 rubles. A cikin Yalta Reserve, wanda ba za a iya ziyarta ba - a sassa daban-daban na farashin ziyartar sanannun shafuka - daga 50 zuwa 100 rubles. A cikin ayyukan ajiyar Karadag suna daga 50 zuwa 450 rubles. ; a cikin Opuk - 200, Kazantip - 150 rubles. Gabatar da ayyukan da aka biya a cikin ajiyar ya zama ƙoƙari na canza su zuwa wadatar kansu. Koyaya, babu masu hutu a cikin Crimea da aka haɗa, don haka ajiyar ba za ta iya samun riba ba, amma ba za ta ma iya samar da kansu ba. Ganin rikicin tattalin arziki gabaɗaya, a watan Yulin 2015 Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Jamhuriyar Kazakhstan ta ci gaba da tattaunawa tare da Ma'aikatu na Muhalli na Tarayyar Rasha kan canja wurin ajiya zuwa ƙarƙashin tarayya tare da kudade masu dacewa daga gwamnatocinsu kai tsaye daga Moscow.

Duk da haka, a yau akwai dalilan da za su ji tsoron cewa yankunan da ake karewa na Crimea na iya sa ran samun ƙarin sauye-sauye. An sani cewa a cikin 2015, Bude Kamfanin Haɗin Hannun Hannun jari na Giprogor Cibiyar Cigaban Birane da Zuba Jari ta Rasha ta haɓaka Tsarin Tsare Tsare Tsare-tsare na Jamhuriyar Crimea. An samar da irin wannan takarda ga duk sauran batutuwa na Rasha. Wannan takarda a yau ita ce kawai tabbatar da jita-jita masu ban tsoro game da yuwuwar kawar da yankunan da ake karewa na Crimea da kuma yiwuwar tura sansanonin sojan Rasha a yankinsu. A cikin "Scheme of Space Planning серед" daga cikin matsaloli na yanayi reserves ne gaban na halitta ruwa hadaddun - wani ɓangare na marine ruwa na Crimea, wanda a cikin Ukrainian majalisar dokokin da aka classified a matsayin na halitta Monuments na gida muhimmanci. A cikin dokar Rasha, duk ruwan tekun yanki ne na ƙarƙashin ƙasa na tarayya, wanda ke buƙatar canza nau'i ko ƙarƙashin waɗannan abubuwa. Rubutun daftarin aiki sau biyu ya ƙunshi jumla "Bisa ga bukatun Tarayyar Rasha a fagen tsaro da tsaro, za a iya daidaita iyakokin yankunan da aka karewa," kuma ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan maganganun yana da alaka da yankunan bakin teku da na ruwa. Don haka, abin da ke ba da kulawa ta musamman na takardun shine matsayin kariya na yankunan bakin teku tare da ruwa mai kusa, inda wurin da wuraren soja ke da mahimmanci.

## Dubi kuma

* Tasirin muhalli na mamayar Rasha ta 2022 a Ukraine
* Ranar Kasa da Kasa don hana amfani da muhalli a cikin Yakin da Rikicin Makamai
* Yaƙin Rasha da Ukraine

## Littattafan da suka danganci

* Vasiluk O. Ya kasance ɗan adam. Har zuwa ƙarshen Krim: Harka da kuma sa'a. Sashe na І. __hau__ Ya yi jima'i da yawa. K. : KримSOS, 2021.128 c.
* Vasiluk O. Ya kasance ɗan adam. Har zuwa ƙarshen Krim: Harka da kuma sa'a. Sashe na II. Matsalolin da suka ƙare ta hanyar wankewa na halitta. - Kiїв: GO na Kurma, 2021. - 49 s.

## Bayanan da aka ambata