French Upper Volta

**Upper Volta** wata yankin ce da Turawan mulkin mallaka  na Faransa na yammacin Afirka da aka kafa a shekara ta 1919 a cikin yankin da Burkina Faso ta mamaye a yau. An kafa ta ne daga yankunan da suka kasance wani yanki na mulkin mallaka na Upper Senegal da Nijar da kuma Cote d'Ivoire.  An ruguza yankin ne a ranar 5 ga watan Satumbar 1932, tare da gudanar da wasu sassa na Cote d'Ivoire, Sudan ta Faransa da kuma Turawan mulkin mallaka na Nijar.

Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, a ranar 4 ga watan Satumba 1947, an sake farfaɗo da mulkin mallaka a matsayin wani ɓangare na Tarayyar Faransa, tare da iyakokin da suka gabata. A ranar 11 ga watan Disamba 1958, an sake kafa ta a matsayin Jamhuriyar Upper Volta mai cin gashin kanta a cikin al'ummar Faransa, kuma bayan shekaru biyu a ranar 5 ga watan Agusta 1960, ta sami cikakken 'yanci. A ranar 4 ga watan Agusta 1984, an canza sunan zuwa Burkina Faso.

Sunan Upper Volta yana nuna cewa ƙasar tana ɗauke da ɓangaren sama na kogin Volta. Kogin ya kasu kashi uku, ana kiransa Black Volta, White Volta da Red Volta.

## Tarihi

Har zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, tarihin Upper Volta ya mamaye masarautun Mossi/Mossi masu gina daular, waɗanda aka yi imanin sun zo wurin da suke a yanzu daga arewacin Ghana a yau. Tsawon shekaru aru-aru, manoman Mossi manoma ne da soja, kuma al'ummar Mossi sun sami damar kare akidarsu ta addini da tsarin zamantakewa daga yunkurin musuluntar da musulmi daga arewa maso yamma. 

Lokacin da Faransawa suka isa suka kwace yankin a cikin shekarar 1896, Mossi adawa ya ƙare tare da kwace babban birninsu a Ouagadougou. A shekara ta 1919, wasu larduna daga Upper Senegal da Nijar sun zama wani yanki na daban da ake kira Upper Volta a cikin tarayyar Faransa ta yammacin Afirka. A cikin shekarar 1932, sabon mulkin mallaka ya rushe a wani yunkuri na tattalin arziki;  an sake gina shi a cikin shekarar 1937 a matsayin sashin gudanarwa mai suna Upper Coast. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, Mossi ya sake sabunta matsin lamba na neman matsayin yanki na daban kuma a ranar 4 ga watan Satumba 1947, Upper Volta ta sake zama yankin Faransa na yammacin Afirka a kansa.

An yi wa ƴan asalin ƙasar wariya sosai. Misali, ba **' &#x5B; &#x5D;</sup> yaran Afirka damar hawan keke ko ɗiban 'ya'yan itace daga itace ba, "gata" da aka keɓe ga yaran 'yan mulkin mallaka. ƙeta waɗannan ƙa'idodin <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D; iyaye a kurkuku. &#x5B; *&#x20;&#x2013; tattaunawa* &#x5D; 

An sake yin bita a cikin tsarin yankunan Faransa na ketare tare da amincewa da Dokar Basic (Loi Cadre) na 23 ga watan Yuli 1956. Wannan doka ta biyo bayan matakan sake tsarawa da majalisar dokokin Faransa ta amince da shi a farkon shekara ta 1957 wanda ya tabbatar da babban mataki na cin gashin kansa ga yankuna daban-daban. Upper Volta ta zama jamhuriya mai cin gashin kanta a cikin al'ummar Faransa a ranar 11 ga t Disamba 1958.  

Upper Volta ta sami 'yancin kai a ranar 5 ga watan Agusta 1960.   Shugaban farko, Maurice Yaméogo, shi ne jagoran Voltaic Democratic Union (UDV). Kundin tsarin mulki na 1960 ya tanadi zaɓe ta hanyar zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da na majalisar dokoki na tsawon shekaru biyar; sai dai jim kaɗan bayan hawan mulkin Yaméogo ya haramtawa duk wasu jam'iyyun siyasa ban da UDV.

## Gwamnonin mulkin mallaka

### Laftanar Gwamnoni (1919-1932)

* Édouard Hesling (9 Nuwamba 1919 - 7 Agusta 1927)
** Robert Arnaud (7 ga watan Agusta 1927 - 13 ga watan Janairu 1928), *aiki*
* Albéric Fournier (13 ga watan Janairu 1928 - 22 ga watan Disamba 1932)
* Gabriel Descemet (22 ga watan Disamba 1932 - 31 ga watan Disamba 1932)

### Gwamnoni (1947-1958)

** Gaston Mourgues (6 ga watan Satumba 1947 - 29 ga watan Afrilu 1948), *aiki*
* Albert Mouragues (29 ga watan Afrilu 1948 - 23 ga watan Fabrairu 1953)
* Salvador Jean Étcheber (23 Fabrairu 1953 - 3 ga watan Nuwamba 1956)
* Yvon Bourges (3 ga watan Nuwamba 1956 - 15 ga watan Yuli 1958)
** Max Berthet (15 ga Yuli 1958 - 11 ga watan Disamba 1958), *aiki*

### Manyan Kwamishinonin (1958-1960)

* Max Berthet (11 ga watan Disamba 1958 - Fabrairu 1959)
* Paul Masson (Fabrairu 1959 - 5 ga  watan Agusta 1960)

## Mutanen da aka haifa a French Upper Volta

* Norbert Zongo
* Gilbert Diendéré

## Duba kuma

* Zaɓen Majalisar Babban yankin Voltan, 1957
* Jerin abubuwan mallakar Faransanci da mazauna
* Daular Faransa ta mulkin mallaka
* Faransa Yammacin Afirka
* Shugabannin kasashen Burkina Faso
* Shugabannin gwamnatin Burkina Faso

## Manazarta