Sinima a Tunisiya

Sinima a Tunisiya na nufin masana'antar finafinai ta **[[Tunisiya|Tunisia]]** ta fara ne a cikin Shekarar 1896, lokacin da 'yan'uwan Lumière suka fara nuna fina-finai masu rai a titunan Tunis.

## Tarihi
A cikin 1919, an yi fim ɗin farko mai tsayin fasali a Arewacin Afirka: *Les Cinq gentlemen maudits* ( *The Five La'ananne Gentlemen* ) a Tunisiya. A cikin 1924, Samama-Chikli ya ba da umarnin wani fim mai matsakaicin tsayi mai suna *Ain Al-Ghazal* ( *Yarinyar daga Carthage* ) don haka ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin masu shirya fina-finai na farko a Arewacin Afirka. A cikin 1966, fim ɗin farko na Tunisiya (minti 95) *Al-Fajr* ( *The Dawn* ) Omar Khlifi ne ya ba da umarni kuma ya shirya shi; an haska shi akan fim ɗin 35 mm . Tunisiya kuma ta karbi bakuncin bikin fina-finai na Carthage wanda ke gudana tun 1966. Bikin dai ya ba da fifiko ga fina-finai daga kasashen Larabawa da na Afirka. Shi ne bikin fina-finai mafi daɗewa a nahiyar Afirka.

A cikin 1927, kamfanin farko na rarraba fina-finai na Tunisiya, Tunis-Film, ya fara ayyukansa. Bayan samun ƴancin kai, Société Anonyme Tunisienne de Production et d'Expansion Cinématographique (SATPEC) ne ke shirya fina-finai na musamman waɗanda ke sarrafa fina-finai da shirya fina-finai a ƙasar a lokacin. Duk da haka, a cikin shekarun 1980s, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu sun fito kuma suna so su mayar da Tunisiya Hollywood Hollywood. Furodusa Tarak Ben Ammar, ɗan wasila Bourguiba, ya yi nasarar jawo wasu manyan kamfanoni masu samarwa don yin harbi a cikin ɗakin studio ɗinsa a Monastir . An yi fim ɗin manyan fina-finai na ƙasashen waje a Tunisia ciki har da Roman Polanski 's *Pirates* da Franco Zeffirelli 's *Jesus of Nazareth*. Bayan da ya ziyarci Tunisiya George Lucas ya yaudare shi ta hanyar kyawawan dabi'u da tsoffin gine-gine na wasu garuruwan Kudancin Tunisiya inda ya yanke shawarar yin fina-finai masu mahimmanci na *Star Wars*, da kuma *Indiana Jones.* Haka kuma, Anthony Minghella ya yi fim ɗin wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Academy *The Patient* a cikin yankin kudu maso yamma na ƙasar.

Shirye-shiryen cikin gida ba su da yawa: ƴan fina-finan da aka yi tun 1967 sun yi ƙoƙari su nuna sabon yanayin zamantakewa, ci gaba, bincike na ainihi, da girgizar zamani.  Wasu daga cikinsu sun sami nasarar dangi a wajen Tunisiya, kamar *La Goulette* ( *Halq El-Wadi* 1996) wanda Ferid Boughedir ya jagoranta wanda ya nuna yanayin rayuwar al'umma a cikin ƙaramin yanki na La Goulette a lokacin da Musulmai, Yahudawa da Kirista suka zauna tare. cikin haƙuri da zaman lafiya. *Halfaouine: Yaron Filaye* ( *Asfour Stah* 1990), kuma na Boughedir, mai yiyuwa ne babban nasara a tarihin sinimar Tunisiya. Fim ɗin ya nuna rayuwar ɗan yaro daga yankin Halfaouine na Tunis a cikin shekarun 60s, akan neman fahimtar alaƙa, duniyar mata, da yadda ake zama namiji. A wani fim din da ya gabata mai suna Man of Toka ( *Rih Essed* 1986) Boughedir ya sake nuna al'ummar Tunisiya ba tare da tsoro ko son rai ba, wanda ya shafi karuwanci, ilimin yara, da alakar addinai tsakanin Musulmin Tunisiya da Yahudawan Tunisiya. A cikin fim din 1991 *Bezness*, ya yi magana game da yawon shakatawa na jima'i da ke tasowa a cikin kasar. *Jakadun* (As-Soufraa 1975) wanda Naceur Ktari ya jagoranta sun bayyana rayuwar baƙi Maghrebins a Faransa da kuma gwagwarmayarsu da wariyar launin fata. Fim din ya lashe lambar yabo ta Golden Tanit don mafi kyawun hoto a lokacin bikin fina-finai na Carthage a cikin 1976, kyautar juri na musamman daga Locarno International Film Festival a cikin wannan shekarar kuma an rarraba shi a cikin nau'in *Un Certain Regard* a lokacin 1978 Cannes Film Festival .

Ƴar wasan Tunisiya ta farko ita ce Haydée Chikly, wacce ta fito a cikin gajeren fim, *Zohra* a 1922. Fim ɗin farko da mace ta shirya shine *Fatma 75* (1975) ta Selma Baccar . Fina-finan da suka biyo baya kamar su Néjia Ben Mabrouk 's *Sama* (1988) da Moufida Tlatli 's *The Silences of Palace* (1994). 

A cikin 2007, an shirya fina-finai da yawa kuma sun ɗaukar hankalin jama'a, irin su *Making Of,* wanda Nouri Bouzid ya ba da umarni da *VHS Kahloucha na* Nejib Belkadi.

A cikin 2013, Abdellatif Keshishi shine darektan Tunisia na farko da ya lashe kyautar Palme D'Or. A fim ɗinsa mai suna *Blue Is the Dumest Color* ya raba kyautar da jaruman fina-finansa guda biyu.

A ranar 21 ga Maris, 2018, ƙasar ta buɗe birnin al'adu na farko, wani aiki irinsa a Afirka da ƙasashen Larabawa, dake tsakiyar birnin Tunis . Rukunin ya ƙunshi gidajen wasan kwaikwayo da yawa, gidajen sinima, allo, wuraren zane-zane da tarihin tarihi, dakunan baje koli, gidan kayan gargajiya na zamani da na zamani, cibiyar littattafai ta ƙasa da cibiyar saka hannun jari na al'adu. 

An buɗe Cineplex na farko a Tunisiya a cikin kantin Tunis City a Tunis a cikin Disamba 2018, ya ƙunshi fuska 8 kuma Les Cinémas Gaumont Pathé ne ke sarrafa shi.  Les Cinémas Gaumont Pathé an saita wasu nau'i-nau'i guda biyu don buɗewa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, wanda ke dauke da allon 8 a sabon mall na birnin Azur a Banlieu Sud na Tunis  da kuma ɗayan 6 fuska a Sousse . Sarkar otal La cigale ta sanar a cikin 2017, cewa tana gina otal tare da kantin sayar da kayayyaki da mahara na fuska 10 a Gammarth, Banlieue Nord na Tunis kuma an saita shi don buɗewa a cikin 2020. 

Tun daga Nuwamba 2019, akwai allo 41 a duk faɗin Tunisiya .

### Zaɓen naɗin na kyauta ta Academy Award
Tunisiya ta ƙaddamar da fina-finai don lambar yabo ta Academy don Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin Harshen Waje ba bisa ƙa'ida ba tun 1995. Cibiyar Nazarin Hotunan Hoto da Kimiyya ta Amurka ce ke ba da lambar yabo a kowace shekara ga hoton fim mai tsayi da aka samar a wajen Amurka wanda ke kunshe da tattaunawar da ba ta Ingilishi ba. Tun daga shekarar 2021, an gabatar da fina-finan Tunisiya guda bakwai don lambar yabo ta Academy don Mafi kyawun Fim na Duniya. An zabi mutumin da ya sayar da fatarsa a matsayin lambar yabo ta Academy Award for Best International Feature Film kuma shine fim na farko na Tunisia da aka zaba don kyautar Oscar.

## Manazarta

## Ƙara karantawa

* Robert Lang, *Sabon Cinema na Tunisiya: Alamomin Resistance*, Jami'ar Columbia Press, 2014, 
* Florence Martin, "Cinema da Jiha a Tunisiya" a cikin: Josef Gugler (ed. ) *Fim a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka: Rarraba Ƙirƙira*, Jami'ar Texas Press da Jami'ar Amirka a Alkahira Press, 2011,  , , shafi 271-283