Theodore Roosevelt

**Theodore Roosevelt J**R.**** (Oktoba 27, 1858 - Janairu 6, 1919), wanda aka fi sani da **Teddy** ko T. R., shi ne shugaban Amurka na 26, yana aiki daga 1901 zuwa 1909. Roosevelt a baya ya shiga cikin siyasar New York, gami da zama gwamnan jihar na 33 na tsawon shekaru biyu. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa na 25 a karkashin Shugaba William McKinley na tsawon watanni shida a 1901, ya zama shugaban kasa bayan Kisan McKinley. A matsayinsa na shugaban kasa, Roosevelt ya fito ne a matsayin shugaban Jam'iyyar Republican kuma ya zama mai karfi ga manufofin adawa da amincewa da Progressive Era.

Yaro mara lafiya tare da raunana asma, Roosevelt ya shawo kan matsalolin kiwon lafiya ta hanyar Rayuwarsa mai wahala. Ya yi karatu a gida kuma ya fara aikin halitta na rayuwa kafin ya halarci Jami'ar Harvard. Littafinsa The Naval War of 1812 ya kafa sunansa a matsayin masanin tarihi da kuma sanannen marubuci. Roosevelt ya zama shugaban ƙungiyar sake fasalin 'yan Republican a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar New York. Matarsa ta farko Alice Hathaway Lee Roosevelt da mahaifiyarsa Martha Bulloch Roosevelt sun mutu a wannan dare, sun lalata shi a hankali. Ya warke ta hanyar sayen da kuma gudanar da ranch na shanu a cikin Dakotas. Roosevelt ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin sakataren Sojan Ruwa a karkashin McKinley, kuma a cikin 1898 ya taimaka wajen tsara nasarar yaƙin sojan ruwa da Spain. Ya yi murabus don taimakawa wajen samarwa da jagorantar Rough Riders, ƙungiyar da ta yi yaƙi da Sojojin Spain a Cuba zuwa babban talla. Da ya dawo jarumi na yaki, an zabi Roosevelt a matsayin gwamnan New York a shekara ta 1898. Saboda shugabancin jam'iyyar New York ba ya son ajanda mai ban sha'awa, sun shawo kan McKinley ya zaɓe shi a matsayin abokin takararsa a Zaben shugaban kasa na 1900. Tikitin McKinley-Roosevelt ya sami nasara sosai.

Roosevelt ya fara shugabancinsa yana da shekaru 42 lokacin da An kashe McKinley. Ta haka ne ya zama (kuma ya kasance) ƙarami mafi ƙanƙanta da ya ɗauki matsayin. A matsayinsa na jagora na ci gaba, ya goyi bayan manufofin cikin gida na "Square Deal", wanda ya yi kira ga adalci ga dukkan 'yan ƙasa, karya mummunar amincewa, tsara layin dogo, da abinci mai tsabta da kwayoyi. Roosevelt ya ba da fifiko ga kiyayewa kuma ya kafa wuraren shakatawa na kasa, gandun daji, da abubuwan tunawa don adana albarkatun kasa na Amurka. A cikin Manufofin kasashen waje, ya mayar da hankali kan Amurka ta tsakiya, ya fara gina Canal na Panama. Roosevelt ya fadada Sojojin Ruwa kuma ya aika da Babban White Fleet a kan yawon shakatawa na duniya don tsara ikon Sojan Ruwa. Kokarinta na nasara don kawo karshen Yaƙin Rasha da Japan ya ba shi Kyautar Nobel ta Zaman Lafiya ta 1906, Ba'amurke na farko da ba na Turai ba don lashe kyautar Nobel. An zabi Roosevelt zuwa cikakken lokaci a 1904 kuma ya shawo kan William Howard Taft ya gaji shi a 1908.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Theodore Roosevelt Jr. a ranar 27 ga Oktoba, 1858, a titin 28 East 20th a Manhattan .  Iyayensa sune Martha Stewart Bulloch da ɗan kasuwa Theodore Roosevelt Sr. Yana da 'yar'uwa mai suna Anna (wanda ake kira Bamie), ƙaramin ɗan'uwa Elliott, da ƙaramar'uwa Corinne.

Matasan Roosevelt sun samo asali ne daga rashin lafiya da rashin lafiya da kuma ciwon asma, wanda ya tsoratar da shi da iyayensa. Likitoci ba su da magani. Duk da haka, yana da kuzari kuma yana da mummunar damuwa. Sha'awar rayuwarsa a cikin ilimin dabbobi ya fara ne tun yana da shekaru bakwai lokacin da ya ga hatimi a kasuwa; bayan ya sami kan hatimi, Roosevelt da 'yan uwansa sun kafa "Roosevelt Museum of Natural History". Bayan ya koyi rudiments na taxidermy, ya cika gidan kayan gargajiya na wucin gadi da dabbobi da ya kashe ko ya kama. A lokacin da yake da shekaru tara, ya rubuta abubuwan da ya lura a cikin takalma mai taken "The Natural History of Insects".

Tafiye-tafiye na iyali, gami da yawon shakatawa na Turai a 1869 da 1870, da Masar a 1872, sun tsara hangen nesa na duniya. Tafiya tare da iyalinsa a cikin Alps a cikin 1869, Roosevelt ya gano fa'idodin ƙoƙari na jiki don rage asma da ƙarfafa ruhunsa. Roosevelt ya fara tsarin motsa jiki mai tsanani. Bayan da tsofaffin yara maza suka yi masa aiki a kan hanyar zuwa tafiya, sai ya sami kocin dambe don horar da shi.

### Ilimi
Roosevelt ya kasance a gida. Mai ba da labari H. W. Brands ya rubuta cewa, "Mafi yawan abin da ya faru... ya kasance mai ɗaukar hoto na ... yankuna daban-daban na ... ilimi. "  Ya kasance mai ƙarfi a cikin yanayin ƙasa kuma mai haske a tarihi, ilmin halitta, Faransanci, da Jamusanci; duk da haka, ya yi gwagwarmaya a cikin lissafi da harsuna na gargajiya.

A watan Satumbar 1876, ya shiga Jami'ar Harvard. Mahaifinsa ya umurce shi da, "ku kula da ɗabi'arku da farko, lafiyarku ta gaba, kuma a ƙarshe karatunku. "  Mutuwar kwatsam ta mahaifinsa a 1878 ta lalata Roosevelt. Ya gaji US $ 60,000 (daidai da dala miliyan 1.71 a 2024), wanda zai iya rayuwa cikin kwanciyar hankali har tsawon rayuwarsa.

Mahaifinsa, mai ibada na Presbyterian, ya jagoranci iyalin a kai a kai a cikin addu'o'i. Yayinda yake a Harvard, matashi Theodore ya yi koyi da shi ta hanyar koyar da Makarantar Lahadi sama da shekaru uku a Ikilisiyar Episcopal Christ a Cambridge, Massachusetts. Lokacin da ministan a Ikilisiyar Kristi ya nace ya zama Episcopalian don ci gaba da koyarwa, Roosevelt ya ki, kuma ya fara koyar da aji na mishan a wani yanki mara kyau na Cambridge.

## manazarta