Margaret Benyon

**Margaret Benyon**, MBE, yar Burtaniya ce mai fasaha. An horar da ita a matsayin mai zane, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu fasaha na farko da suka yi amfani da holography a matsayin matsakaici kuma ta fara nuna wasan kwaikwayo na hologram a 1969. An nada ta a Order of the British Empire a shekara ta ta dubu biyu saboda hidimarta ga fasaha kuma ana kiranta "mahaifiyar holography na Birtaniya".

## Ilimi da farkon aiki
An haifi Margaret Benyon a birnin Birmingham na kasar Ingila a shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in kuma ta girma a kasar Kenya, inda ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Kenya .  Ta karanci zane-zane a Slade School of Fine Art da ke Landan, inda ta kammala a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da sitin da biyu.  A matsayinta na mai zane-zane a farkon shekarun alif dubu daya da dari tara da sitin ta nemi "tambaya ra'ayin masu ra'ayi cewa ma'auni na kwarewa a zanen shine ya kamata a kula da shi a matsayin shimfidar wuri".  Ta yi amfani da fasahohin da suka haɗa da "hasken gani, launi da sauransu", musamman ƙirar ƙirar, "don daidaita hoton hoton ta yadda ya daina zama lebur".  Ta kuma ƙirƙira zane-zanen anaglyph, waɗanda suka bayyana girma uku lokacin da aka duba su ta tabarau na musamman masu ruwan tabarau daban-daban.  

## Aiki a cikin holography
Benyon ta zama mai sha'awar holography bayan karanta labarin jarida game da shi a cikin  shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da sitin da bakwai.  Daga shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da sitin da takwas  zuwa  shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da saba'in da daya ta gudanar da haɗin gwiwa a cikin fasaha mai kyau a Jami'ar Nottingham, inda ta fara gwaji tare da holography a matsayin matsakaicin fasaha.  Gina kan ilimin da ta riga ta kasance na fasahar sarrafa hoto, ta koya wa kanta holography ta karanta labaran mujallolin kimiyya. Bayan awanni an yi mata amfani da dakin gwaje-gwaje a sashen injiniyan na jami'ar, inda ta yi hologram dinta na farko.  

A cikin shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da sitin da tara Cibiyar zane-zane ta Jami'ar Nottingham ta nuna holograms na Benyon a cikin abin da ake kira " show solo art holography show na farko a duniya".  Ta yi holograms na nunin ne a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Kamfanin Jiragen Sama na Burtaniya da ke Bristol, Ingila. Daga baya ta yi amfani da kayan aiki a dakin gwaje-gwaje na jiki na kasa . A cikin Fabrairu da Maris shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da saba'in  Benyon ta yi wasan kwaikwayo na solo a Lisson Gallery a London. Hoton nunin ya bayyana shi a matsayin "baje kolin farko na London na holograms da zane-zane na stereoscopic". 

Daga 1971 zuwa 1973 ya kasance babban abokin aikin Leverhulme a Sashen Gine-gine da Kimiyyar Gina a Jami'ar Strathclyde a Glasgow.   A wannan lokacin ta sami karin nunin nunin guda biyu a Nottingham da ɗaya a Edinburgh. 

Benyon ta shafe lokacin tsakanin 1976 da 1981 a Ostiraliya.  Ta koyar a Makarantar Fasaha ta Canberra kuma ta gudanar da haɗin gwiwar fasaha a Jami'ar Ƙasa ta Australiya a Canberra .  Aiki a dakunan gwaje-gwaje a sashen kimiyyar lissafi na jami'a da kuma Royal Military College a Duntroon, ta ci gaba da ƙirƙirar ayyukan holographic.  Wasu daga cikin ayyukanta na Ostiraliya sun haɗa da wasu kafofin watsa labaru, kamar zane da zane. 

Bayan ta koma Ingila a shekarar shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da tamanin da daya Benyon ta fara aiki da Laser na bugun jini tare da hadin gwiwar masanin kimiyya John Webster a Hukumar Samar da Wutar Lantarki ta Tsakiya . A cikin shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da tamanin da uku ta kafa nata studio holography a Dorset, Ingila. A cikin tsakanin dubu daya da dari tara da tamanin da daya zuwa shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da casa'in da uku ta yi amfani da jikin mutum a matsayin abin da ya shafi aikinta kawai, tare da hada holography da dabaru irin su zanen ƙasa .  

Margaret Benyon ta sami digirin digirgir daga Royal College of Art don kasida mai taken *Yaya Hoton Hoto?* a shekarar 1994.  An nada ta a cikin Order of the British Empire a 2000 "don ayyuka ga fasaha".  An kira Benyon "mahaifiyar holography ta Burtaniya".  

Margaret Benyon ta koma Ostiraliya a shekara ta dubu biyu da biyar. Ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai fasaha, yayin da take koyarwa a Kwalejin Fine Arts a Jami'ar New South Wales a Sydney.  Ta rasu a ranar 21 ga Oktoba, 2016.