open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Shirin Ƙarfafa Ingancin Muhalli

Shirin Ingancin Muhalli (**EQIP**) shirin gwamnatin Amurka wanda aka tsara don taimakawa manoma wajen inganta ingancin muhalli, musamman ingancin ruwa da kiyaye ƙasa. Majalisa ta kafa shirin a cikin dokar gona ta 1996 don samar da taimakon raba farashi, amma kuma taimakon fasaha da ilimi, da nufin inganta samarwa da ingancin muhalli, da inganta fa'idodin muhalli.

shirin ya maye gurbin Shirin Kiyaye Aikin Noma, Shirin Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ruwa, Babban Tsarin Tsare-tsaren Tsare-Tsare, da Shirin Kula da Salinity Basin na Colorado River.  An sake ba da izini ga EQIP a cikin lissafin noma na 2002 akan dala biliyan 0.4 a cikin kashe kuɗi na wajibi a shekara ta 2002 kuma ya haura zuwa dala biliyan 1.3 a shekara ta 2007.[1]  Za a raba kudaden a kowace shekara, tare da kashi 60 cikin 100 da aka yi niyya ga matsalolin muhalli da ke da alaƙa da noman dabbobi da saura ga noman amfanin gona.  Furodusa sun shiga kwangilar shekaru 1 zuwa 10.  Mahalarta ba za su iya karɓar fiye da $450,000 tsakanin FY2002 da FY2007 ba.  An ƙirƙiri sabbin ƙananan shirye-shirye guda biyu.  Ɗaya yana ba da gudummawar da ta dace don sabbin yunƙurin kiyayewa, kamar amfani da tsarin kasuwa don rage ƙazanta da haɓaka ɓarnawar carbon a cikin ƙasa.  Na biyu shine Ground da SurfaceNa biyu shine Shirin Kula da Ruwa na Kasa da na Sama (GSWP). 

Taimako na kudi na shirin ga manoma wajen sayen kayan aikin ban ruwa masu inganci an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ruwa. Taimako ya sami Sakamakon da ba a yi niyya ba na karuwar amfani da ruwa da rage teburin ruwa a cikin Great Plains yayin da aka kawo ƙarin ƙasa cikin noma don amfani da ruwan da aka "ceto".

Majalisa ta kara fasalulluka ga shirin a cikin Dokar Noma ta 2018 . 

EQIP tana karkashin kulawar Hukumar Kula da albarkatun kasa a Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona.

## Ayyuka da suka cancanci samun kudade
EQIP ta rufe har zuwa kashi 75 cikin dari na farashin da aka samu da kuma kashi 100 cikin dari na kudin shiga da aka yi amfani da su don aiwatar da ayyukan kiyayewa masu cancanta ga masu ba da kyauta. Akwai ayyuka daban-daban na kiyayewa waɗanda suka cancanci samun kuɗi a ƙarƙashin EQIP.

### Kiwo
Gudanar da kiwo mai juyawa, hanyar samar da dabbobi inda ake motsa dabbobi tsakanin makiyaya don barin makiyaya su huta, an haɗa su azaman aikin da ya dace a ƙarƙashin EQIP. Musamman, ayyukan kiwo na yau da kullun waɗanda zasu iya karɓar kuɗi sun haɗa da: shirye-shiryen ƙira da gano kayan aiki da bukatun kayan aiki kamar shinge, shuka, da tsarin ruwa;  tsarin kiwo da aka tsara wanda ke inganta ko kula da ingancin ruwa, al'ummomin shuke-shuke, wuraren ruwa, ko rufe namun daji;  da kuma maganin inji don inganta yanayin ƙasa da shuke-huke.  A matakin kasa, kashi 50 cikin 100 na kudaden EQIP an tanada su ne don ayyukan dabbobi.
Commune IV (Yamai)

Commune IV, wanda aka fi sani da Niamey IV, wani birni ne a Nijar. Gunduma ce a birnin Yamai, babban birnin ƙasar Nijar.

## Sufuri
Tashar jirgin Kasa ta Yamai da Filin jirgin saman Niamey na a garin.

## Gidaje da ƙauyuka
Niamey IV ya ƙunshi unguwa 22:

Gundumar ta kunshi ƙauyuka 10:
* 
* 
* 
* Kongou Gonga 2
* 
* 
* 
* Saga Fondabon
* Yaou Baba Kaira
* Kongou Balla Baba Kaira

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin hadi na Waje
Ƙungiyar Tsaro ta Muhalli ta Galicia

The  ( English : **Association for the Ecological Defence of Galicia** ) ƙungiyar muhalli ce ta Galician da aka kafa a cikin 1974 kuma an yi rajista a cikin 1976. ADEGA koyaushe yana da alaƙa da motsin kishin ƙasa na Galician . Ƙungiyar tana da babi a cikin comarcas na A Mariña, Santiago, Coruña, Costa da Morte, Lugo, O Carballiño, Ourense, A Paradanta, Barbanza, Ordes, A Ulloa, Pontevedra, Trasancos, da Vigo .

## Tarihi
Domingo Quiroga shine shugaban farko na kungiyar. Kwamitin daraktoci na farko sun hada da: Francisco Bermejo, Farfesa na Analytical Chemistry; Xosé Bar Boo, masanin gine-gine; Xosés Luis Rodríguez Pardo, lauya; Xosé Manuel Beiras, mai magana da yawun kasa na Galician Nationalist Bloc na shekaru da yawa; da kuma Fernando González Laxe, shugaban Xunta de Galicia tsakanin 1987 da 1989.

Kungiyar ta sami shahara ta hanyar shiga cikin yunkurin adawa da nukiliya game da gina tashar makamashin nukiliya a cikin garin Xove. Bayan jerin zanga-zangar jama'a, an watsar da shirye-shiryen gina masana'antar. ADEGA ta sake samun kulawa ta duniya a cikin shekarun 1980s don kamfen game da zubar da kayan rediyo a cikin Atlantic, tare da hadin gwiwar wasu kungiyoyi ciki har da Greenpeace. Kamfen ɗin ya sami nasarar toshe zubar da ruwa ta hanyar sanya jiragen kamun kifi na Galician tare da jiragen da ke ɗauke da sharar nukiliya. Wutar da ke cikin Jirgin ruwa na *Cason*, wanda ya haifar da girgije mai guba a Costa da Morte, ya haifar da wani kamfen daga ADEGA. A ƙarshen shekarun 1980 ADEGA ta kuma jagoranci kamfen ɗin da ya yi nasara game da gina sabbin madatsar ruwa a kan kogin Eume da Navia. Ayyukan kungiyar sun bambanta tun daga lokacin, don magance matsalolin muhalli da yawa. ADEGA kuma tana da muhimmiyar kasancewar a cikin ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa kamar Nunca Mais kuma, kwanan nan, a cikin motsi game da hakar ma'adinai wanda ya dakatar da ma'adinin zinare na Corcoesto a cikin garin Coristanco.

Tun daga shekara ta 1986, ADEGA ta wallafa mujallar kwata-kwata da ake kira *Cerna*, tana magance matsalolin muhalli na duniya da tasirin su a Galicia. Tun daga shekara ta 2004 ADEGA ta inganta Proxecto Ríos (Project Rivers), wani shiri na ilimi da na 'yan ƙasa don kare kogunan Galician wanda masu sa kai ke gudanar da dubawa, yin rahoto na shekara-shekara, da gudanar da taro da kamfen din tsaftacewa idan ya cancanta a cikin kogi da ke wucewa ta cikin karamar hukumar su.

A shekara ta 2005, an kafa Verdegaia a matsayin reshe na ADEGA .  Galiza non se vende (Galicia ba ta sayarwa) ce ta soki ADEGA, cibiyar sadarwar ƙungiyoyin jama'a wacce ta shirya jerin zanga-zangar jama'a tun 2007, saboda yawan dogaro da UPG da BNG.

## Manazarta
Arctic Tale (wasan bidiyo)

Arctic Tale wasa ne na bidiyo don Nintendo DS, Game Boy Advance da Wii . Wasan yana game da ƙoƙarin tsira a matsayin beyar polar (babba ko matasa), walrus, killer whale, ko Arctic fox. Ya dogara ne akan shirin National Geographic game da namun daji na Arctic wanda ake kira Arctic Tale .

## Karɓar baƙi
 
Arctic Tale ya sami ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa don Wii, amma ya sami ra-ayoyi marasa kyau don Nintendo DS da GBA. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;&#x5D;

## Manazarta
2011 Harin beyar Svalbard

Harin beyar polar na Svalbard na 2011 wani hari ne da ake zaton beyar polar mai fama da yunwa a kan wani rukuni na daliban jami'a da masu shiryar da su. Bear ya kashe mutum daya, ya ji wa wasu mutane hudu rauni, sannan aka harbe shi.

## Abin da ya faru
A ranar 5 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2011, wani Beyar polar a cikin tsibirin Norway na Svalbard ya kai hari kan wata ƙungiya ta ɗaliban jami'a 13, waɗanda ke gudanar da balaguron da British Schools Exploring Society (BSES) ta shirya, kuma sun kafa sansani a kusa da kankara na Von Post, kilomita 40 (25 miles) daga ƙauyen Longyearbyen .  An bayar da rahoton cewa beyar tana fama da yunwa kuma ta lalace. Horatio Chapple mai shekaru 17, dalibi ne na Kwalejin Eton kuma jikan tsohon Gwamnan Gibraltar Sir John Chapple, an kashe shi a harin. Sauran mutane hudu sun ji rauni, uku da gaske, kuma duk an kai su Tromsø a kan ƙasar Norway don magani. Ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin tafiyar, Michael "Spike" Reid, wanda shi da kansa ya ji mummunan rauni a kai da fuska ya harbe bear.

Jam'iyyar BSES ta mambobi 80 ta shirya tafiyarsu don gudana daga 23 ga Yuli zuwa 28 ga Agusta, amma an yanke shi bayan lamarin.

## Sakamakon haka
Daga baya 'yan sanda suka bayyana cewa masu shirya balaguron ba su sanya mai tsaron dare ba, saboda hazo mai yawa a daren da lamarin ya faru, kuma a lokacin gaggawa bindigarsu ta kasa harba sau hudu saboda an kama ta. Ana ba wa shugabannin irin waɗannan tafiye-tafiye shawarar cewa ya kamata a kare sansanoni ta hanyar wayoyin tafiye-tarayyar da ke lalata fashewar fashewa, masu tsaro cikin dare, ko karnuka masu tsaro. Daga cikin waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka, sansanin ya yi amfani da wayoyin tafiye-tafiye, amma sun kasa haifar da su.

*Sysselmann* (ikon yankin) yana buƙatar kimanta haɗari don kowane tafiyar sansani kamar wannan, wanda dole ne *Sysselmann* ya amince da shi.

A watan Satumbar 2011, an ba da sanarwar cewa alƙalin babban kotun zai jagoranci bincike game da mutuwar.

A watan Maris na shekara ta 2012, biyo bayan binciken da masu binciken Norway suka yi, jami'ai sun yanke hukuncin cewa da za a iya hana harin idan mambobin balaguron sun zauna a cikin gidaje maimakon alfarwa. Koyaya, tunda doka ba ta buƙatar wannan ƙarin kariya ta tsaro, an yanke hukuncin cewa shugabannin ba za su fuskanci tuhuma ba.

Iyayen Chapple sun ƙaddamar da aikin sadaka, Horatio's Garden,  a cikin ƙwaƙwalwarsa. Kungiyar agaji ta gina lambuna shida a cibiyoyin raunin kashin baya a duk faɗin Burtaniya, tare da ƙarin ci gaba.

## Manazarta
Jerin rikice-rikice na canjin yanayi

Akwai muhawara ta jama'a da ta gabata da ta yanzu game da wasu fannoni na canjin yanayi: yawan abin da ya faru a zamanin yau, menene dalilinsa, menene tasirinsa zai kasance, da kuma abin da ya kamata a ɗauka don hana shi yanzu ko daga baya, da sauransu. A cikin wallafe-wallafen kimiyya, akwai Yarjejeniya mai karfi cewa yanayin zafi na duniya ya karu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan kuma cewa yanayin ya haifar da hayaki na iskar gas.

Rashin jituwa yanzu ya fi na siyasa maimakon na kimiyya, saboda akwai yarjejeniyar kimiyya cewa dumamar duniya tana faruwa kuma ayyukan ɗan adam ne ke motsa shi. Tattaunawar jama'a da ke nuna muhawara ta kimiyya sun haɗa da kimantawa game da yadda tsarin yanayi zai iya amsawa ga kowane matakin da aka ba da iskar gas (tsinkaye na yanayi). Rikici game da mahimman gaskiyar kimiyya na dumamar duniya sun fi yawa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai fiye da a cikin wallafe-wallafen kimiyya, inda ake bi da irin waɗannan batutuwa kamar yadda aka warware su, kuma irin waɗannan rikice-rikice sun fi yawa A Amurka da Ostiraliya fiye da duniya.

## Tattaunawa game da cikakkun bayanai a cikin kimiyya
An yi muhawara da yawa game da cikakkun bayanai na kimiyyar canjin yanayi. Masu musun canjin yanayi da "masu shakka" sun kasance suna ɗaukar bayanai ko nazari, sannan su yi ta yin tsokaci game da duk wata tattaunawa ta kimiya ko ɓatanci na fili wanda ya dace da ajandarsu. Yawancin waɗannan bambance-bambancen da aka bayyana an daidaita su a halin yanzu, ƙirar yanayi sun zama mafi daidai, ra'ayin kimiyya game da canjin yanayi ya ƙarfafa da sauransu. Misali, masanin yanayin yanayi Kevin E. Trenberth ya buga ko'ina a kan batun sauyin yanayi kuma ya fallasa kurakuran da ke cikin wallafe-wallafen wasu masana kimiyya.

Don muhawara da jayayya da suka gabata game da cikakkun bayanai na kimiyya duba misali:

* Tarihin kimiyyar canjin yanayi # Ka'idojin da aka yi watsi da su da kuma bambance-bambance masu ban sha'awa
* Rashin amincewa da canjin yanayi # Tattaunawa da takamaiman fannoni na kimiyyar canjin yanayi
* Kwamitin Intergovernmental kan Canjin Yanayi # Kalubale da rikice-rikice (ra'ayoyin kimantawa na IPCC, kamar rahoton kimantawa ta shida na IPCC na baya-bayan nan ya taƙaita yanayin fasahar kimiyyar yanayi a lokacin).

## Tattaunawa game da amsa mafi inganci ga dumama
An yi muhawara game da amsoshi mafi kyau ga jinkirin dumamar duniya, da kuma lokacin su. Tattaunawar tana kan takamaiman ayyuka don Rage Canjin yanayi da daidaita canjin yanayi, ko aikin yanayi gabaɗaya. Dubi misali:

* Binciken tattalin arziki na canjin yanayi
* Ƙin yarda da canjin yanayi #Rage matakan rage canjin yanayi
* Ƙin yarda da canjin yanayi #Tushen don daidaitawa kawai
* Ayyukan yanayi (Crisis na yanayi) 

## Dubi kuma

* Halin rabuwa
* Tarihin manufofin canjin yanayi da siyasa
* Rikici da aka yi
* Siyasa na kimiyya
* Tsayayya da kimiyya na dama

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Greenhouse Gases da ke lura da tauraron dan adam

**Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite** ( **GOSAT** ), kuma aka sani da Ibuki , tauraron dan adam mai lura da duniya ne kuma tauraron dan adam na farko na duniya wanda aka sadaukar don sa ido kan iskar gas .  Yana auna yawan iskar carbon dioxide da methane daga wurare 56,000 akan yanayin duniya .  Hukumar Binciken Aerospace ta Japan ( JAXA ) ce ta samar da GOSAT kuma an ƙaddamar da shi a ranar 23 ga Janairu 2009, daga Cibiyar Sararin Samaniya ta Tanegashima .  Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Japan, da Cibiyar Nazarin Muhalli ta Kasa (NIES)  suna amfani da bayanan don bin diddigin iskar gas da ke haifar da tasirin greenhouse, da raba bayanan tare da NASA da sauran kungiyoyin kimiyya na duniya. 

## Farawa
An ƙaddamar da GOSAT tare da wasu gwaje-gwaje bakwai na piggyback ta amfani da H-IIA, tsarin ƙaddamar da manyan kayayyaki na Japan, a karfe 3:54 na safe a ranar 23 ga Janairun 2009 UTC a Tanegashima, wani karamin tsibiri a kudancin Japan, bayan jinkirin kwana biyu saboda mummunan yanayi. A kusan minti 16 bayan tashi, an tabbatar da rabuwa da Ibuki daga rokar kaddamarwa.&nbsp;

## Kayan kida
A cewar JAXA, tauraron dan adam na Ibuki yana sanye take da firikwensin lura da iskar gas (TANSO-FTS) da firikwarar girgije / aerosol (TAN SO-CAI) wanda ke karawa da TANSO- FTS. Sanarwar lura da iskar gas na Ibuki tana lura da nau'ikan nau'ikan raƙuman ruwa (yanki na infrared-yanki na zafi) a cikin ƙungiyar infrared don haɓaka daidaito na lura. Satellite yana amfani da spectrometer don auna abubuwa daban-daban da mahadi bisa ga martani ga wasu nau'ikan haske. Wannan fasahar tana bawa tauraron dan adam damar auna "maida hankali ga iskar gas a cikin yanayi a babban ƙuduri".

## GOSAT-2
An kaddamar da Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite-2 daga Cibiyar Sararin samaniya ta Tanegashima ta hanyar rokar H-IIA a ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 2018. 

## Manazarta
Yarjejeniyar Tsaro ta Polar Bears

yarjejeniya kan Tsaro na Polar Bears yarjejeniya ce ta ƙasashe da yawa da aka sanya hannu a Oslo, Nuwamba 15, 1973, ta kasashe biyar da ke da mafi yawan yawan yawan bears: Kanada, Denmark (Greenland), Norway (Svalbard), Amurka, da Tarayyar Soviet. An kawo wannan yarjejeniyar ne saboda karuwar farautar bears a cikin shekarun 1960 da 1970 wanda ya haifar da bears a ƙarƙashin matsin rayuwa mai tsanani daga mafarauta.

Yarjejeniyar ta haramta farautar wasanni ba tare da izini ba na bears da kuma haramta farauta na bears daga jirgin sama da masu fashewa wanda ya kasance mafi muni ga yawan bears. Bugu da ƙari, yarjejeniyar ta riƙe jihohin membobin da ke da alhakin ɗaukar matakan da suka dace don kare yanayin da ke cikin abin da bears ke zaune, suna mai da hankali ga wuraren da bears na polar ke haifar da ramuka, suna yin yawancin abincin su, kuma inda suke ƙaura. Jihohi kuma dole ne su gudanar da yawan beyar polar daidai da ayyukan kiyayewa masu kyau bisa ga mafi kyawun bayanan kimiyya da ke akwai.

Kamar yadda yarjejeniyar ta ce kisan gillar da aka yi amfani da shi ya kasance ne kawai don dalilai na kimiyya na gaskiya, don hana mummunar tada hankali ga sauran albarkatun rayuwa kamar yawan jama'a, da kuma yadda jama'ar yankin ke amfani da hanyoyin gargajiya a fagen 'yancinsu na gargajiya bisa ga dokokin jam'iyyar. Amma duk da haka fatun ko duk wani abu mai kima da aka ɗauka sakamakon kisan gillar da aka yi masa ba za a iya amfani da shi don kasuwanci ba. Har ila yau mahimmanci ga wannan yarjejeniya shi ne cewa dole ne kasashe mambobin su hana fitarwa, shigo da su, da kuma safarar nau'in polar bear a cikin jihohinsu. Wadannan al'ummomi suna raba sakamakon binciken binciken su na polar bear kuma suna saduwa kowace shekara uku zuwa hudu don daidaita bincikensu akan beyar polar a duk fadin Arctic. Wannan yarjejeniya ta kasance daya daga cikin irinta na farko kuma tana ci gaba da samun nasara a yau wajen kiyaye berayen duniya na kasa da kasa.

## Manazarta
1956 Hadarin jirgin kasa na Mahbubnagar

Hadarin jirgin kasa na Mahbubnagar na 1956 hadarin jirgin kasa ne a Jihar Hyderabad, Indiya a kan layin Secunderabad-Dronachalam tsakanin Jadcherla da Mahbubnugar a ranar 2 ga Satumba 1956. Wani jirgin kasa ya fadi cikin kogi inda ya kashe akalla fasinjoji 125 bayan gada ta rushe sakamakon lalacewar ruwan sama.

A lokacin ne mafi munin hatsarin jirgin kasa da aka taba samu a Indiya kuma hadarin har yanzu yana cikin bala'in jirgin kasa mafi muni a Indiya.

Kasa da watanni bayan haka, irin wannan bala'i, hatsarin jirgin kasa na Ariyalur na 1956 a Tamil Nadu, ya zama sabon bala'i na Indiya lokacin da wani jirgin ya fadi cikin Kogin Marudaiyaru, ya kashe fasinjoji sama da 150 lokacin da gada ta rushe bayan ruwan sama.

## Abin da ya faru
A lokacin ambaliyar Indiya ta 1956, a cikin dare na 2 ga Satumba 1956, wani gada mai tsawon mita 37 ya lalace sosai ta hanyar ambaliyar ruwa a Jihar Hyderabad, a kan layin Secunderabad-Dronachalam tsakanin Jadcherla da Mahbubnagar kilomita 5 daga Mahbubnagar . 

Bayan tsakar dare gadar ta rushe lokacin da jirgin kasa ya yi ƙoƙarin tsallaka gadar. Jirgin kasa da motoci biyu sun nutse cikin kogin da ya ambaliya. Wani karusa na uku tare da fasinjoji na biyu da na uku da kuma karusar gidan waya tare da masu rarraba wasiku sun kasance a rataye a kan gadar.

Akalla mutane 125 ne suka mutu a cikin bala'in. Mutane 22 ne kawai suka mutu daga cikin motocin biyu da ke cikin ruwa suka tsira. Wadanda abin ya shafa sun makale a cikin kekunan jirgin kasa kuma an jefa wasu cikin ruwa. An gano gawawwaki arba'in a cikin ruwa, har zuwa mil daya daga wurin. An kai gawarwaki zuwa Hyderabad don ganowa. Yawancin wadanda abin ya shafa sun fito ne daga Secunderabad ko Hyderabad. Wasikar da jirgin ke ɗauka ta ɓace.

## Sakamakon haka
Ba da daɗewa ba bayan hadarin, wani mazaunin yankin ya hau keke zuwa Mahbubnagar, hanyar mil 5 a kan hanyoyin laka. Ayyukan ceto sun kasance da wahala sosai a duk rana saboda ruwan sama mai yawa. Babban Ministan Jihar Hyderabad Burgula Ramakrishna Rao ya tafi nan da nan zuwa wurin hatsarin. Jami'an Central Railways sun zo wurin bala'in ta jirgin sama daga Bombay. Dangi na wadanda abin ya shafa sun zo da yawa zuwa Tashar Hyderabad da Tashar Secunderabad don samun bayanai game da danginsu.

Ministan jirgin kasa na Indiya Lal Bahadur Shastri ya so ya dauki alhakin siyasa saboda hadarin kuma ya ba da murabus dinsa ga Firayim Minista Jawaharlal Nehru, amma ya ki. Bayan hadarin jirgin kasa na Ariyalur na 1956 irin wannan hadarin kimanin watanni uku bayan haka, Shastri ya sake ba da murabus dinsa kuma an yarda da shi.

## Bincike
Sakamakon rahoton binciken shi ne cewa jirgin kasa ne ke da alhakin hadarin. Ba daidai ba ne a sami gadoji biyu tare da haɗari wanda ma'aikaci ɗaya kawai ke kula da shi. Kusa da wannan an zargi injiniyoyin da ke da alhakin.

Saboda kwandon ruwa a ƙasa da rafin da kuma yawan yiwuwar hazo a lokacin ruwan sama, shawarar ita ce gina ƙarin rami a ƙarƙashin layin jirgin ƙasa.

## Manazarta
Greenhouse Gases da ke lura da Satellite-2

Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite-2 (**GOSAT-2**), wanda aka fi sani da Ibuki-2 (Japanese, Hepburn: Ibuki nigō), tauraron dan adam ne na lura da Duniya wanda aka sadaukar da shi don saka idanu kan iskar gas. Shi ne magajin Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT). An haɓaka GOSAT-2 a matsayin aikin hadin gwiwa na Hukumar Binciken Aerospace ta Japan (JAXA), Ma'aikatar Muhalli, da Cibiyar Nazarin Muhalli ta Kasa (NIES). An kaddamar da shi a ranar 29 ga Oktoba 2018 daga Cibiyar sararin samaniya ta Tanegashima a cikin rokar H-IIA. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;&#x5D;

## Kwatanta da GOSAT
Manyan canje-canje idan aka kwatanta da GOSAT na baya sune: 

* Inganta daidaito na ma'auni.
* FTS-2 na iya saka idanu kan carbon monoxide (CO) da nitrogen dioxide (NO2).
* FTS-2 na iya zaɓar maɓallin ba tare da girgije ba ta atomatik don lura.
* Yayinda CAI na GOSAT ke lura da ra'ayi mara kyau, CAI-2 na GOSAD-2 yana lura da gaba (20 digiri) da baya (20 digiri) a lokaci guda.
* CAI-2 na iya saka idanu kan PM2.5 da baƙar fata.

## Wanda ya maye gurbin: GOSAT-GW
GOSAT-GW (Ibuki GW), magajin GOSAT-2 da GCOM-W "Shizuku", an kaddamar da shi a ranar 28 ga Yuni 2025 a kan jirgin karshe na motar kaddamarwa ta H-IIA. Yana cikin ci gaba don ƙaddamarwa a cikin JFY. Saboda jinkirin ci gaba, an jinkirta ƙaddamar da shi a cikin JFY2025.

## Manazarta
.
Bernard (jerin talabijin)

***Bernard***, wanda aka fi sani da ***Backkom*** (Korean) a Koriya ta Kudu da ***Berni*** a Spain, jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin ne na Koriya-Spanish-Faransa wanda RG Animation Studios ta samar, tare da saka hannun jari na mai watsa shirye-shirye na Faransa M6.  Hanyar wasan kwaikwayo tana da haɗuwa da kwamfuta da wasan kwaikwayo na cel. Labaran sun rubuta ne daga ɗakin karatu mai suna Screen21, daraktocin su ne José Luis Ucha Enríquez da Claudio Biern Lliviria . Oscar Maceda Rodríguez ne ya rubuta waƙar. Bernard kuma ya kasance wani ɓangare na Cartoon Network's Sunday Pants .

A Koriya ta Kudu, kakar 1 ta fito a EBS TV a 2006 kuma ta kunshi aukuwa 52. An watsa kakar wasa ta 2 a cikin 2008, kuma ta ƙunshi aukuwa 52.

## Makirci
Nunin ya shafi wani beyar polar mai suna Bernard, wanda ya yi amfani da shi a cikin rikice-rikice da rashin jin daɗi yawanci yakan haifar da Bernard ya fadi ba tare da sanin komai ba ko kuma ya ji mummunan rauni kusa da ƙarshen wani labari. Bernard kusan ba ya magana, amma yana sadarwa ta hanyar sauti. Abokan Bernard sun hada da Lloyd da Eva da penguins, Zack da lizard, da Goliath da Chihuahua.

## Abubuwan da suka faru
 

## Fim din
 
An fara fitar da fim din da ya danganci *Bernard*, mai taken Mug Travel a Koriya ta Kudu da My Friend Bernard a Turanci a Koriya tiyar a ranar 22 ga Maris 2007. Lim Ah-ron ne ya ba da umarnin kuma an samar da shi a RG Animation Studios.

Wani fim, mai taken Backkom Bear: Agent 008, an sake shi a kasar Sin a ranar 13 ga watan Janairun 2017 da Koriya ta Kudu a ranar 3 ga watan Mayu 2017.

An saki fim na uku, mai taken Agent Backkom: Kings Bear, a kasar Sin da Koriya ta Kudu a ranar 23 ga watan Yulin 2021.

An saki fim na huɗu, mai taken Backkom Bear: Mars Mission, a kasar Sin a ranar 28 ga Satumba 2023.

## Tarihin lambar yabo
*Bernard* has been nominated for a number of awards, including *Best Animation series* at the Stuttgart Festival of Animated Film (2006), Mipcom Jr. Licensing Challenge Award (2004), Prize in *Children and Education* at the Dong-A International Festival of Cartoon & Animation (2004) and was a finalist at the Annecy International Animation Festival (2003).&#x5B;

## <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">Manazarta&#x5D;</sup>
Ci gaban muhalli

***Ci gaban muhalli*** mujallar ilimi ce da aka bita a cikin kwata-kwata wanda ya shafi kimiyyar muhalli da manufofin da Elsevier ya buga.  A cikin Janairu 2018, Natarajan Ishwaran ya zama sabon babban editan.  Ya gaji Eleanor Milne (Jami'ar Jihar Colorado, yanzu Babban Editan Canjin Yanayi) EIC daga Yuli 2015. Editan kafa shine Theo Beckers (Jami'ar Tilburg) 

Jaridar tana da alaƙa da Kwamitin Kimiyya kan Matsalar Muhalli (SCOPE)  kuma an cire shi kuma an jera shi a cikin Emerging Sources Citation Index  da Scopus.
Ranar Polar Bear ta Duniya

**Ranar Polar Bear ta Duniya** wani taron shekara-shekara ne da ake yi a kowace ranar 27 ga Fabrairu,  don ya dace da lokacin da uwaye da 'ya'yan beyar suke barci a cikin kogon su, da kuma wayar da kan jama'a game da matsayin kiyayewa na beyar.

## Bayyanawa
Ranar Polar Bear ta Duniya ta shirya ta Polar Bears International don wayar da kan jama'a game da tasirin dumama duniya da rage kankara a kan yawan beyar polar. Ranar tana ƙarfafa mutane su sami hanyoyin rage fitar da carbon, kamar ta hanyar karkatar da thermostat ko tuki ƙasa. An kuma yi amfani da ranar don ƙarfafa shigar da ingantaccen makamashi a cikin gidaje.

## Bikin

Yawancin gidajen namun daji suna amfani da rana don ilimantarwa game da kiyaye beyar polar da kuma ƙarfafa ziyara ga nune-nunen beyar polar. Har ila yau, yana da tasirin siyasa. Jack Shapiro, mataimakin manajan yakin neman zabe a karkashin shugaban Amurka Barack Obama, ya yi amfani da ranar don jayayya game da bukatar matakin majalisa kan batun Canjin yanayi. Jami'ar Saskatchewan ta ba da sanarwar a shekarar 2014 cewa za ta juya ma'aunin zafi har zuwa digiri biyu a lokacin rani kuma ta sauka digiri biyu na Celsius a cikin hunturu don girmama Ranar Polar Bear ta Duniya. Ana sa ran yanke shawara don rage hayakin carbon na jami'ar da tan dubu biyu kuma ya ceci jami'ar sama da dala dubu ɗari biyu a kowace shekara. An lura da Ranar Polar Bear ta Duniya don zama mai tasiri wajen wayar da kan jama'a a kan layi game da bears ta hanyar binciken bayanai.

## Manazarta
Cibiyar Nazarin Carbon Dioxide da Canjin Duniya

**Cibiyar Nazarin Carbon Dioxide da Canjin Duniya** kungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta 501 (c) (3)  da ke Tempe, Arizona .  Ana ganinsa a matsayin rukuni na gaba don masana'antar man fetur, kuma a matsayin inganta musanta canjin yanayi. Cibiyar tana samar da wata takarda ta yanar gizo ta mako-mako da ake kira *CO2Science* .

Craig D. Idso ne ya kafa Cibiyar kuma ke gudanar da ita, tare da Sherwood B. Idso, mahaifinsa, da Keith E. Idso ɗan'uwansa. Sun fito ne daga asalin noma da yanayi. A cewar Idsos, sun shiga cikin rikice-rikicen dumama na duniya ta hanyar nazarin yanayin zafin jiki na Duniya ga rikice-rikice na radiative da martani na shuka ga matakan CO2 da kuma ƙwacewar carbon. Cibiyar ta yi jayayya da Yarjejeniyar kimiyya game da canjin yanayi da aka nuna a cikin rahotanni na IPCC, kuma ta yi imanin cewa dumamar duniya za ta amfana ga bil'adama.

## Kudin
A cewar bayanan IRS, Gidauniyar ExxonMobil ta ba da tallafin $ 15,000 ga cibiyar a shekara ta 2000. Wani rahoto ya bayyana cewa ExxonMobil ya ba da ƙarin $ 55,000 ga cibiyar. ExxonMobil ya bayyana cewa ya ba da kuɗi, "kungiyoyin da ke binciken mahimman batutuwan manufofi da inganta tattaunawa mai mahimmanci game da batutuwan da suka shafi kamfanin kai tsaye. [...] Wadannan kungiyoyi ba sa magana a madadinmu, kuma ba ma sarrafa ra'ayoyinsu da sakonnin su".

Cibiyar ta kuma sami tallafi daga Peabody Energy, babbar kamfanin hakar kwal na Amurka.

## Karɓar baƙi
Wani labarin Disamba na 2009 a cikin mujallar Mother Jones ya ce Cibiyar ta kasance mai gabatar da bayanan rikice-rikice na yanayi, daga dangin da suka shahara wajen inganta musanta canjin yanayi.

## Manazarta
Binciken Shirin Yanayi

Shirin Binciken Yanayi shine shirin kimiyya na Birtaniya wanda aka mayar da hankali kan binciken fasahar Injiniyan yanayi da aka tsara don rage tasirin dumamar duniya. Babban manufar shirin ya haɗa da bincika hanyoyi daban-daban don rage yawan zafin jiki na duniya ta hanyar iyakance Hasken rana don yiwuwar jinkirta Ci gaban canjin yanayi.

ta watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2025, Cibiyar Bincike da Invention (ARIA) da Majalisar Binciken Muhalli ta Kasa sun ba da jimlar fam miliyan 61 a cikin tallafin gwamnati ga shirin injiniyan yanayi a cikin ayyukan bincike da yawa.

## Ƙaddamarwa
Darakta na Shirin Kayan Kayan Kariya na Yanayi Farfesa Mark Symes ya bayyana ra'ayin cewa haɗarin da ke ƙaruwa na yanayin yanayi - kamar yiwuwar rushewar yaduwar yaduwa na Atlantic ko manyan kankara - yana buƙatar bincike a cikin hanyoyin da za su iya sanyaya duniya cikin sauri. Shugabannin shirin, bayan tuntubar daruruwan masu bincike, sun yi iƙirarin cewa an fara aikin ne saboda rashin bayanan da aka samu daga gwaje-gwajen jiki na ainihi game da kokarin rage sauyin yanayi, wanda simulations na dakin gwaje-gyare da samfuran kwamfuta kadai ba za su iya samarwa ba.

A ƙarshen 2024, Cibiyar Bincike da Invention (ARIA) ta ware fam miliyan 50 zuwa ga cikakken shirin bincike wanda ya haɗa da ƙananan gwaje-gwaje na waje. Daidaita wannan ƙoƙari, Majalisar Binciken Muhalli ta Kasa (NERC) ta ba da ƙarin fam miliyan 11 a ranar 3 ga Afrilu, 2025, don bincika yiwuwar tasirin tasirin tasirin injiniyan hasken rana. Kudin biyu ya haifar da Burtaniya ta zama daga cikin manyan masu ba da gudummawa ga kimiyyar injiniyan yanayi, a lokacin da aka yi hasashen gudummawar Amurka za ta ragu a karkashin Gwamnatin shugaban kasa ta biyu ta Donald Trump.

Shirin ya yi niyyar gwada hanyoyi da yawa don gudanar da radiation na rana (SRM). Wadannan sun hada da allurar aerosol ta stratospheric, wanda ya haɗa da gabatar da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin sararin samaniya don dawo da hasken rana zuwa sararin samaniya; haskaka girgije na ruwa, wanda ya shafi yayyafa ruwan teku don inganta hasken girgije; da kuma raguwar girgije na cirrus, wanda ya ƙunshi shuka ƙwayoyin kankara a cikin girgije na cerrus don rage tsawon su.

Shirin ya ba da matakai da yawa don rage yiwuwar cutar da gwaje-gwajen suka haifar, kamar hana sakin abubuwa masu guba, buga cikakkun kimantawar tasirin muhalli kafin gwaje-gaje, da tuntuɓar wakilan al'umma a yankunan da gwaje'o'in suka shafa. Masu binciken shirin sun nuna fatan cewa za a iya kara matakan da aka gwada a cikin shekaru goma, idan gwaje-gwajen sun nuna alamun nasara.

## Rikici
Masu sukar, gami da wasu fitattun Masu binciken yanayi, sun nuna gwaje-gwajen kula da radiation na hasken rana da shirin zai gudanar a matsayin hanyar da ba a fahimta ba wanda ke karkatar da hankali daga muhimmin aiki na rage hayakin carbon. Manyan masu bincike Michael Mann da Raymond Pierrehumbert sun bayyana kokarin a matsayin "matsananciyar jan hankali" daga tushen canjin yanayi, kuma suna kama da "karɓar aspirin don ciwon daji".  

## Manazarta
Hadarin jirgin kasa na Eden

**Hadarin jirgin kasa na Eden** na 7 ga Agusta, 1904, ya faru ne lokacin da No. 11 Missouri Pacific Flyer daga Denver, Colorado, zuwa St Louis, Missouri, ya haye gadar Dry Creek arroyo kusa da Eden Station,   arewacin Pueblo, Colorado. Yayin da injin ya haye gadar, ambaliyar ruwa ta wuce kan tashar da ta yanke rabin gaban jirgin kuma ta ja mutane 88 zuwa mutuwarsu tare da 22 da suka ɓace kuma wani ya mutu daga baya daga raunin.

## Hadari
Injiniyan, Charles Hinman, an ba shi gargadi na tsawa  ya jinkirta jirgin zuwa 10-15  km / h) don kallon washaways. Bayan injin ya haye rafin, babban raƙuman ruwa sun jefa motocin zuwa dama, sun karya haɗin zuwa baya 2 Pullman da motocin cin abinci, kuma sun ja injin baya cikin kogin. Mai ɗaukar Pullman, Melville Sales na St. Louis, da sauri ya ja brakes na iska na gaggawa ya ceci sauran fasinjoji. An bar motar Pullman ta gaba tana rataye   a kan gefen abin da ya rage na gadar.

## Wadanda suka tsira
Daga cikin mutane 100 da ke cikin motar, kaya, shan sigari da motocin kujera, fasinjoji 3 da mai kashe gobara 1 sun tsere daga tarkacewar, an jefa mai kashe gobarar daga injin kuma 3 da suka tsira sun tsere wa motar shan sigari [1 fasinja ya mutu daga raunin da ya ji). Rahotanni na shaidu sun ce an ceci mutane 29 a bayan jirgin; asusun jaridu sun bambanta.

## Amsa
Jirgin ceto na farko ya isa wurin sa'o'i 4 bayan hadarin. Yayin da ambaliyar ta ragu, masu bincike sun sami gawawwakin da suka kai kilomita 35 a cikin Kogin Arkansas. An yi amfani da Bloodhounds amma dole ne a tuno da su saboda yashi mai yashi.

## Sakamakon haka
Injin ya nutse a kusa da gadar; an gano motar kujera kusan mil daya daga gadar da aka binne a cikin yashi,  an sami kaya da motocin shan sigari fiye da mil 4 (kilomita 6.4) a cikin kogi. "An gano jikin wata mace mai shekaru ashirin da biyar, mai ado mai kyau, mai nisan kilomita ashirin da biyu a cikin Kogin Arkansas kuma an kawo ta nan don a gano ta."  Sa'o'i 24 bayan hadarin, an sake gina gadar kuma an sake dawo da zirga-zirgar jirgin kasa.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Dare na White Bear

Night of the White Bear wani labari ne na Arctic na ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Kanada kuma marubucin littafin Alexander Knox, wanda Macmillan na Kanada ya fara buga shi a shekarar 1971. 

## Bayani game da shi

### Makirci
Labarin ya biyo bayan Uglik, wani matashi Eskimo, tafiyarsa ta tsira tare da wasu biyu a cikin Arctic na Kanada, da kuma gwagwarmayarsa ta ƙarshe tare da Beyar polar wanda ya bi su.

### Halin da ake kira

* Ugluk, ɗan shekara 16 mai suna Eskimo;
* Joe, tsohon ɗan kabilar Eskimo;
* Pakti, wata budurwa Eskimo, matar Joe;
* White Bear . 

## Karɓar baƙi
Night of the White Bear shine aikin Knox na biyu na fiction. Masu bita na zamani sun lura da jigogi masu karfi na jima'i da na ɗan adam na littafin.  

## Manazarta
Kula da

Kulawa ok tsayawa ga:Na iya nufin:kulawa

* "Adireshin Adireshin", adireshin IP na wucin gadi don na'urar hannu da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin hanyoyin Intanet.
* "A Kula da", Mad Men (lokaci na 6) , fitowar 13
Nema Sagara

**Nema Sagara** babban kwamandan ne a  cikin Sojojin Sama na Mali .  Ta sami ilimin soja tun shekaran 1986 a Mali, Faransa da Amurka. Tana government daya daga cikin manyan mata sojoji na Afirka  kuma daya daga cikin 'yan mata kalilan da aka ba su izini a government Mali da suka ga yaƙi. 

## Hidima
Daga shekarar 1997 zuwa 2012, ta yi aiki a ayyuka daban-daban, musamman a sansanin jirgin saman Bamako 100, sansanin jirgin sama na Bamako-Sénou 101 government da kuma hedkwatar ma'aikatan sojojin Mali. Ta kuma yi aiki a Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Laberiya (2004-2005) kuma ta kasance malama  a École de maintien de la paix Alioune Blondin Beye (2007-2009) da kuma cibiyar horo ta asali a Koutiala (2012-2013).  A  lokacin rikicin Arewacin Mali a shekarar 2013, ta kasance lamba ta government biyu na sojojin Mali a yankin Gao,   kwanan nan an dawo da ita daga hadin gwiwar Islama. Ita ce government shugabar aikin "soja-farar hula" a yankin.

A shekarar 2015, an nada ta mataimakiyar kwamandan sansanin jirgin saman Bamako 100 kuma ta government zama kwamandan wannan sansanin a shekarar 2016. Cire ta daga wannan mukamin a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2016 ya government haifar da martani a cikin manema labarai na Mali. Tun daga shekara ta 2017, tana da alhakin Sakatariyar Dindindin don yaki government da Yaduwar Ƙananan Makamai da Makamai Masu Ilimi (a Faransanci: Sakatari na Dindindin na yaki da Yadawar Armas Légères et de Petit Calibre).  A government cikin 2010-2011,

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Suzanne Konaté Maïga

**Mariama Suzanne Konaté Maïga** (an haife ta a shekara ta a shekarar 1956) likita ce ta Mali kuma mai kula da lafiyar jama'a wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Sakatariyar Gwamnatin Mali don ayyukan zamantakewa da inganta mata daga a shekarar 1991 zuwa 92. Ta kuma yi aiki ga Asusun Jama'a na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya shekarar (c. 1993 da shekarar 2016).

## Rayuwa ta farko, iyali da ilimi
An haifi Suzanne Maïga a shekarar 1956 a Ségou, Mali, ga Attaher Maïga, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin ministan kudi na kasar Mali shekaran (1959-66) da kuma ministan kasuwanci shekarar (1966-68). Babbar 'yar'uwarta, Keïta Aminata Maiga, ta auri tsohon shugaban kasar Mali, Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta shekaran (1945-2022), kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin Uwargidan Shugaban Mali shekarar (2013-20). 

Digirinta na likita ya fito ne daga École Nationale de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Bamako shekarar (1979). Sauran cancanta sun haɗa da difloma na digiri na biyu a fannin kiwon lafiyar jama'a daga Jami'ar Pierre da Marie Curie, birnin Paris, da kuma takardar shaidar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya a fannin ilmin annoba da kula da cututtuka.

## Ayyuka
Bayan ta yi aiki a Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Iyali ta Bamako shekarar (1980-84), Maïga ta shiga Direction Nationale de la Santé Publique (Darakta na Lafiya ta Jama'a) ta kasar Mali a shekarar 1985, inda ta jagoranci sashen yaduwar cututtuka shekarar (1985-87) da kuma sashen kiwon lafiya na iyali shekarar (1987-88). Ayyukanta a can sun haɗa da daidaita shirye-shiryen kula da kwalara da Bilharzia, da kuma nazarin tasirin madatsar ruwan Sélingué. Daga nan sai ta jagoranci ayyukan Bankin Duniya a Burkina Faso da Togo shekarar (1988-90). 

Maïga ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatariyar jihar don ayyukan zamantakewa da inganta mata ("l'Action sociale et à la Promotion féminine") daga 27 ga Disamba shekarar 1991 zuwa 14 ga watan Mayu shekarar 1992.  Bayan barin ofishin, Maïga ta auri Hamidou Konaté, tsohon ministan hadin kai da aikin jin kai na Mali. Daga kusan shekarar 1993 zuwa shekarar 2016, Konaté Maïga ya yi aiki ga Asusun Jama'a na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNFPA), hukumar kula da Lafiyar haihuwa ta Majalisar Dinkinobho, a matsayin wakilin ta a kasashen Equatorial Guinea, Kamaru, Gambiya, Senegal da kasar Côte d'Ivoire,  misali, yana mai da hankali ga babban haɗarin Mutuwar uwa a Côte d'Mar.  da kuma karamin karɓar maganin hana haihuwa a Senegal.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Tarihin Zariya

**Zaria (tsohon Zazzau) birni ne, da ke a ƙasar Nijeriya, a halin yanzu a tsakanin ƙananan hukumomi huɗu na jihar Kaduna.  Ita ce hedkwatar Masarautar Zazzau kuma tana daya daga cikin asalin jihohin Hausa guda bakwai.  Kananan hukumomin da suka hada da Zariya sun hada da Zaria, Sabon Gari, Giwa, da kuma kananan hukumomin Soba dake jihar Kaduna a Najeriya.**.

Tana dauke da babbar jami'a a Najeriya, Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello, da manyan makarantu daban-daban da suka hada da Kwalejin Ilimi ta Tarayya (FCE Zaria), Kwalejin Fasahar Jiragen Sama, Cibiyar Fasahar Sufuri ta Najeriya, Cibiyar Fasahar Fata da Kimiyya ta Najeriya da Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic.  Yin Karatu a Nigerian College of Aviation Technology.  Sashen Aikin Gona Ahmed Bello University Zaria.  Ameer Shehu Idris College of Advanced Diploma . 

Zaria, da farko an san ta da Zazzau, ita ce babban birnin Masarautar Hausa ta Zazzau .  An yi tunanin an kafa Zazzau a cikin ko game da 1536 kuma a ƙarshen karni na 16 an sake masa suna bayan 'yar'uwar Sarauniya Amina, Zaria. Zamanin ɗan adam ya riga ya tashi na Zazzau, kamar yadda yankin, kamar wasu maƙwabtanta, yana da tarihin zama na Hausa, tare da musayar kasuwa da noma.

## Manazarta
Soumana Sacko

Dokta **Soumana Sacko** (an haife shi a ranar 23  ga watan Disamba shekarar 1950 kuma ya mutu a ranar 15 ga Oktoba, 2025) ɗan siyasan Malian ne kuma masanin tattalin arziki. Sacko ya yi aiki  a matsayin Firayim Minista daga 9 ga watan Afrilu 1991 zuwa 9 ga Yuni shekarar 1992 a lokacin shugabancin farko da  na wucin gadi na Amadou Toumani Touré .

## Ilimi
Sacko ya sami Diplôme d'Etudes government en Langue Française (DELF) daga Cibiyar Nazarin Mopti a watan Yunin 1967 da  kuma baccalaureate a watan Yulin 1970 daga Lycée Askia Mohamed a Bamako . Har ila yau, yana da digiri na farko a cikin Shirye-shiryen Gudanar da Ayyuka daga Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Kasa  (ENA) da kuma  Jagora da Ph.D. a Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki (Honours) daga Jami'ar Pittsburgh . Ya kuma halarci darussan horo da tarurruka a Gidauniyar Jamus  ta Yamma don Ci gaban Duniya (DSE), Cibiyar Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki ta Bankin Duniya da  Babban Ofishin Lissafi na Majalisa na Amurka. 

## Sauran matsayi
Sacko ya rike wasu mukamai  a ciki da waje na gwamnatin Mali. Ya kasance Ministan Kudi da Kasuwanci a shekarar 1987.  Ya zama  ɗan Mali na farko da ya yi murabus daga gwamnati a shekarar 1987 biyo bayan shari'ar cinikin zinariya da  ta shafi Uwargidan Shugaban Mali. A waje da gwamnati, Sacko ya yi aiki a matsayin babban masanin tattalin arziki a Shirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP) da kuma  Babban Sakataren Gidauniyar Gina Ikon Afirka (ACBF).

## Tushen

## Haɗin waje

* "Civil An kira shi a Mali a matsayin Firayim Minista na wucin gadi" 3 ga Afrilu 1991. New York Times
Nanook

A cikin addinin Inuit, **Nanook** ( / ˈnæ n uːk / ; Inuktitut    ,  lit. ' Polar bear ' ) shi ne gwanin beyar, ma'ana ya yanke shawarar idan mafarauta sun cancanci samun nasara wajen ganowa da farautar beyar da kuma hukunta laifin keta haddi .  *Nanook na Arewa* ya shahara da kalmar, shirin farko mai tsayin fasali. &#x5B; &#x5D;

Inuit sun yi imanin cewa Nanook, Beyar polar, tana da iko da iko, kuma sun yi tunanin cewa shi "kusan mutum ne". Masu farauta Inuit za su bauta wa wannan babban beyar saboda sun yi imani cewa ya yanke shawarar idan mafarauta za su ci nasara. "A baya, Inuit sun ci nama na polar bear kuma sun yi amfani da gashi don yin wando mai dumi ga maza da kamiks (takalma masu laushi) ga mata". Mai farauta ya ba Nanook girmamawa wanda ya rataye fatar bear a wani sashi na musamman na igloo, inda zai zauna na kwanaki da yawa. Za su kuma ba da makaman ruhun bear da sauran kayan aikin farauta idan namiji ne, da kuma jakar allura, scrapers (wanda ake amfani da shi don cire kitse daga fata) da wuƙaƙe idan mace ce. "Mutanen asalin ƙasar sun yi imanin cewa bears na polar sun yarda a kashe su don samun rayukan kayan aikin (tatkoit), wanda za su ɗauka tare da su zuwa gaba. "  "Littafi ya ce idan mai farauta ya bi da wani bear da ya mutu yadda ya kamata, zai raba labarai masu kyau tare da wasu bears don haka za su kasance da sha'awar a kashe su. "

## Manazarta
Mai ƙarfi

Strong na iya nufin:mai karfi

## Ilimi

* The Strong, cibiyar ilimi a Rochester, New York, Amurka
* Strong Hall (Lawrence, Kansas) , zauren gudanarwa na Jami'ar Kansas
* Strong School, New Haven, Connecticut, Amurka, makarantar da ke cike da yara ga masu karatun gundumar da masu karatun farko

## Waƙoƙi

### Albums

* *Strong (Tyler Hubbard album) *, 2024
* Strong (Anette Olzon album) , 2021
* Strong (Album din Ci gaban da aka kama) , 2010
* Strong (Michelle Wright album) , 2013
* Strong (Thomas Anders album) , 2010
* Strong (Tracy Lawrence album), 2004
* Strong, kundi na 2000 na Clare Quilty

### Waƙoƙi

* "Strong" (Waƙar Grammar ta London), 2013
* "Ƙarfi" (Waƙar Ɗaya) , 2013
* "Ƙarfi" (waƙar Robbie Williams) , 1999
* "Ƙarfi" (Waƙar Romy) , 2022
* "Strong", waƙar da After Forever ta yi daga Remagine*Sake fasalin*
* "Strong", waƙar Audio Adrenaline daga Duniya*A duk duniya*
* "Strong", waƙar LeAnn Rimes daga *Duk abin da muke so*
* "Strong", waƙar London Grammar daga If You Wait*Idan Ka Jira*
* "Strong", waƙar Will Hoge daga Never Give In*Kada ka Ba da Kyauta*
* "Strong", waƙar daga fim din 2015 *Cinderella*
* "Strong", waƙar daga kiɗa The Lightning Thief*Ɓarawo Mai Haske*
* "Ƙarfi", ta R3hab & KSHMR, 2015

## Mutane da halayen almara

* Strong (sunan mahaifi) , gami da jerin mutane da halayen almara
* Strong Vincent (1837-1863), Janar brigadier janar da lauya na Sojojin Yakin basasa na Amurka
* Jerin mutanen da aka sani da Strong

## Wuraren da aka yi

### Amurka

* Strong, Arkansas, birni
* Strong, Maine, wani gari
* Strongs, Michigan, wata al'umma da ba a kafa ta ba
* Strong, Mississippi, al'umma da ba a kafa ta ba
* Strong, Pennsylvania, wurin da aka tsara don ƙidayar jama'a
* Fort Strong, tashar jiragen ruwa ta Boston, Massachusetts
* Strong City, Kansas, birni
* Strong City, Oklahoma, wani gari
* Tsibirin Strong (Michigan) 
* Tsibirin Strong, Pleasant Bay, Cape Cod, Massachusetts
* Kogin Strong, Mississippi
* Strong Township, Chase County, Kansas

### A wasu wurare

* Strong, Ontario, Kanada, wani gari
* Dutsen Strong, Antarctica
* Babban tsaunin da ke Antarctica
* 22622 Strong, wani asteroid

## Sauran amfani

* Asibitin Tunawa mai ƙarfi, Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Rochester, Rochester, New York, Amurka
* SK Strong, kulob din wasanni na Norway wanda ya haɗu da Grüner IL a 1952
* USS Strong, masu hallaka jiragen ruwa biyu na Amurka
* Strong (jerin talabijin) , wani shirin gaskiya na Amurka wanda aka fara a shekarar 2016
* *Mai ƙarfi!* , wani shirin fim na 2012 game da mai ɗaukar nauyi na Olympics Cheryl Haworth
* Strong (tallace), wani tallace-tallace mai rikitarwa daga dan takarar shugaban Amurka na 2012 Rick Perry
* Strong Capital Management, wani tsohon kamfanin sabis na kudi na Amurka

## Dubi kuma

* Gidan Gida mai ƙarfi (disambiguation), gine-gine daban-daban da aka jera a cikin National Register of Historic Places
* *Strong v Bird*, shari'ar mallakar Ingilishi ta 1874
* Strong's Concordance, wani jituwa na King James Bible
Coumba Gawlo

**Coumba Gawlo Seck** yar kasar  Senegalese mawakiya kuma marubuciya and composer who was born in February 1972 in Tivaouane. She is the second best selling Senegalese singer in Senegal after Youssou N'Dour.&#x5B;**&#x5D; Her greatest success was a version of "Pata Pata", a platinum single which was number one for two weeks in Belgium and sold 50,000 copies one day in France in shekarar 1998.

## Manazarta

* Allmusic.com/artist/p212420\" about=\"#mwt21\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" class=\"external free\" data-parsoid='{\"stx\":\"url\",\"pi\":{\"k\":\"class\",\"named\":true},{\"k\":\"id\",\"named\":true},{\"k\":\"pure_url\",\"named\":true},\"dsr\":[1243,1292,null,null]}' data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Allmusic\",\"href\":\"./Template:Allmusic\"},\"params\":{\"class\":{\"wt\":\"artist\"},\"id\":{\"wt\":\"p212420\"},\"pure_url\":{\"wt\":\"yes\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>"}]]}" href="" id="mwGQ" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow" typeof="mw:ExpandedAttrs">Coumba Gawlo a Allmusic
Daidaitaccen Samun Dokar COBRA

A cikin Ƙasar Amurka, Dokar *Equal Access to COBRA Act* (S. 3182) wata ƙudiri ce da za ta gyara Dokar Haraji ta Cikin Gida (Internal Revenue Code), Dokar Kiyaye Haƙƙin Ma'aikata ta 1974 (Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974), da Dokar Lafiyar Jama'a (Public Health Service Act) domin faɗaɗa tsarin inshorar lafiya na COBRA ga waɗanda suka cancanta, ciki har da abokan zama na dindindin (*domestic partners*).

An gabatar da wannan ƙudiri a ranar 25 ga Maris, 2010, daga Sanata Barbara Boxer. Daga baya, Wakili Anthony Weiner ya sake gabatar da shi a ranar 10 ga Maris, 2011.

## Tarihi
Dokar sulhu ta kasafin kudi ta 1985D  ta shekarar 1985 (COBRA) tana buƙatar a bai wa mutum, tare da ma'auratansa da ’ya’yansa masu dogaro da shi, damar ci gaba da samun inshorar lafiya da kamfani ke bayarwa ko da bayan ya bar aiki ko ya rasa aikinsa. Duk da haka, babu wani sharadi da ke tilasta a faɗaɗa waɗannan fa'idodin zuwa ga abokin zama ko ma'auratin da suke cikin dangantaka ta jinsi ɗaya.

Don samun cancanta ga COBRA, zai danganta da girman kamfanin da mutum ke aiki a ciki, kuma mutum ba zai iya samun wata inshorar lafiya ta daban a halin yanzu ba.

## Matsayi
Bayan an gabatar da shi, an karanta lissafin sau biyu kuma an aika shi ga Kwamitin Majalisar Dattijai kan Lafiya, Ilimi, Aiki, da Fensho. Kudin bai taba barin kwamitin ba.
Maximilien Jazani

**Maximilien Jazani** lauya ne kuma mai ba da shawara kan kudade na kamfanoni wanda ke mai da hankali kan kiɗa da nishaɗi. Bayan shekaru 25 a matsayin lauya ("lauya"), Catalogue Associates Limited (UK) ta yi aiki da shi a matsayin babban lauya mai zaman kansa. Catalogue Associates wata hukuma ce da ke ƙwarewa a sayar da kundin kiɗa (yancin). A baya, Avocat (aboki a Shari'a) a Bar tun 1996, ya ƙare ta hanyar kafa kamfaninsa na lauya a 2005 bayan ya yi shekaru 9 a kamfanonin lauyoyi da yawa na duniya.

## Ƙuruciya da Ilimi
Maximilien Jazani ya samu takardar **"baccalauréat"** a fannin **adabin Faransanci, falsafa da lissafi**. Daga nan sai ya shiga **Jami’ar Shari’a ta Paris**. Ba da daɗewa ba ya lashe **lambar yabo ta farko a fannin Dokar Tsarin Mulki**, sannan ya samu **digiri na biyu (Master – DESS)** a fannin **Dokar Kasuwanci da Haraji** daga **Jami’ar Dokar Paris Pantheon-Assas**.

A shekara ta 1997 Jazani ya zama memba na Ƙungiyar Lauyoyin Kasuwanci (ACE).  An zabe shi shugaban Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta ACE a shekarar 1997 da 1998. Ya shiga cikin babban gyare-gyare na tsarin aikata laifuka na Faransa a shekarar 1998, Ministan Shari'a, Élisabeth Guigou ya karbe shi kuma ya gabatar da shawarwari  guda tara don sake fasalin tsarin aikata lafuka na Faransa.

Jazani ya ba da shawarar kare sirrin lauyoyi (dama na abokin ciniki) Kullum da hangen inganta tsarin ciniki tsakanin bangarori masu zaman kansu.

## Littattafai
Jazani ya wallafa labarai da yawa a cikin batutuwan 'Yancin Dan Adam, haraji da waka and Shirin kai tsaye.

## References
Biye

**Biye** na iya nufin:biyo

*  (album) , kundi na uku na Pakho Chau
* Biye (mai rawa) , memba ɗaya na rawa abokin tarayya
* "Follow", waƙar Jerry Merrick, wanda Richie Havens ya shahara a cikin kundi na 1966 *Mixed Bag*
* "Follow", waƙar da Drowning Pool ya yi daga kundi na 2001 Sinner*Mai zunubi*
* "Follow", waƙar da Breaking Benjamin ya yi kuma ita ce ta huɗu daga cikin kundin su na 2004 We Are Not Alone*Ba Mu kaɗai ba ne*
* "Follow", waƙar da All That Remains ya yi daga kundin 2002 Behind Silence and Solitude*Bayan Shiru da Solitude*
* "Follow", waƙar Jeff Watson daga kundin 1993 Around the Sun*A kewaye da Rana*
* "Follow", waƙar da U-Know Yunho ya yi daga kundin True Colors na 2019*Launuka na Gaskiya*
* "Follow", waƙar Monsta X daga kundin 2019 Follow - Find You*Biye - Ka sami Ka*
* Biyewa, fasalin da aka yi amfani da shi ta hanyoyi da yawa na kafofin sada zumunta
* Fim din ya biyo baya, fim din tashin hankali na 2018
* The Follow Tour, yawon shakatawa na Koriya ta Kudu Seventeen

## Dubi kuma

* Fallow (disambiguation) 
* "Ku bi"
* Abubuwan da suka biyo baya
* Mai bi (disambiguation) 
* Biyewa (disambiguation)