Richard Branson

**Sir Richard Charles Nicholas Branson,** sanannen dan kasuwar ƙasar birtaniya ne. 

Sir Richard Charles Nicholas Branson (an haife shi 18 Yuli 1950) ɗan kasuwan Ingilishi ne wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar Virgin a cikin 1970, kuma har zuwa 2016 yana sarrafa kamfanoni 5 da suka saura sau ɗaya fiye da 400. 

Branson ya bayyana burinsa na zama dan kasuwa tun yana matashi. Aikinsa na farko na kasuwanci, yana dan shekara 16, wata mujalla ce mai suna Student. A cikin shekara ta 1970, ya kafa kasuwancin rikodin oda. Ya buɗe jerin shagunan rikodin, Virgin Records-daga baya aka sani da Virgin Megastores-a cikin 1972. Alamar  Virgin ta Branson ta girma cikin sauri a cikin 1980s, yayin da ya fara kamfanin jirgin sama na Virgin Atlantic kuma ya faɗaɗa alamar kiɗan Virgin Records. A cikin shekarar 1997, Branson ya kafa kungiyar Virgin Rail Group don yin tayin neman ikon mallakar layin dogo na fasinja a lokacin da aka keɓance na jirgin ƙasa na Biritaniya. Alamar Virgin Trains ta yi amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan InterCity West Coast daga 1997 zuwa 2019, da InterCity CrossCountry ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani daga shekarar 1997 zuwa 2007, da ikon amfani da sunan InterCity East Coast daga 2015 zuwa 2018. A cikin 2004, ya kafa kamfanin jirgin sama na Virgin Galactic, wanda ya dogara da Mota. Tashar sararin samaniya a California, wanda aka sani don SpaceShipTwo jirgin sama na karkashin kasa da aka kera don yawon bude ido a sararin samaniya   

A cikin Maris ɗin shekarar 2000, an yi wa Branson sarauta a Fadar Buckingham don "sabis na kasuwanci". Saboda aikin da ya ke yi na sayar da kayayyaki, da kide-kide, da sufuri, da ɗanɗanonsa na kasada, da ayyukan jin kai, ya zama fitaccen mutum a duniya. A cikin 2007, an sanya shi a cikin Time 100 Mafi Tasirin Mutane a Duniya. A cikin Yuni 2023, Forbes ya jera ƙimancin ƙimar Branson akan dalar Amurka biliyan 3.   

A ranar 11 ga Yulin shekarar 2021, Branson ya yi tafiya a matsayin fasinja a kan Virgin Galactic Unity 22 a gefen sararin samaniya, wani jirgin gwaji na yanki don kamfanin jirgin sama na Virgin Galactic. Aikin ya dauki kusan awa daya, inda ya kai kololuwar tsayin mil 53.5 (kilomita 86.1). Yana da shekaru 70, Branson ya zama mutum na uku mafi tsufa da ya tashi zuwa sararin samaniya.   

## Rayuwar farko
Richard Charles Nicholas Branson an haife shi a ranar 18 ga Yuli 1950 a Blackheath, Royal Borough na Greenwich, London, ɗan Edward James Branson (1918 – 2011), barrister, da matarsa ​​​​Ette Huntley Branson (née Flindt). ; 1924–2021), tsohon dan wasan ballet kuma uwar gida. Yana da kanne mata biyu, Lindy da Vanessa. Kakansa, Sir George Arthur Harwin Branson, ya kasance alƙali na Babban Kotun Shari'a kuma ɗan Majalisa mai zaman kansa. 
 
Kakan kakan Branson, John Edward Branson, ya bar Ingila zuwa Indiya a shekarar 1793; Mahaifin John Edward, Harry Wilkins Branson, daga baya ya shiga dansa a Madras. Tun daga 1793, tsararraki huɗu na dangin Branson sun zauna a Indiya, galibi a  

Cuddalore, a Tamil Nadu na zamani. A kan nunin Neman Tushenku, an nuna Branson yana da DNA na 3.9% na Kudancin Asiya (Indiya), mai yiwuwa ta hanyar auratayya. Daga baya, ya bayyana cewa daya daga cikin kakanin kakansa ita ce Indiyawa mai suna Ariya.

Branson ya sami ilimi a Makarantar Scaitcliffe, makarantar share fage a Surrey, kafin ya je makarantar Cliff View House a ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin Sussex. Ya halarci makarantar Stowe, makaranta mai zaman kanta a Buckinghamshire har zuwa shekara goma sha shida .

Branson yana da dyslexia, kuma yana da ƙarancin aikin ilimi; a ranarsa ta ƙarshe a makaranta, shugabansa, Robert Drayson, ya gaya masa cewa zai ƙare a kurkuku ko kuma ya zama miloniya. Branson ya kuma yi magana a fili game da ciwon ADHD. Iyayen Branson sun kasance masu goyon bayan ƙoƙarinsa tun yana ƙarami. Mahaifiyarsa yar kasuwa ce; daya daga cikin nasarorin da ta samu shine ginawa da sayar da akwatunan katako da kwandon shara. A Landan, ya fara tsugunne daga 1967 zuwa 1968. 

Branson bai yarda da Allah ba. Ya ce a cikin wata hira da ya yi da Piers Morgan na CNN a 2011 cewa ya yi imani da juyin halitta da kuma muhimmancin kokarin jin kai amma ba a cikin samuwar Allah ba. "Zan so in yi imani," in ji shi. "Yana da ban sha'awa sosai a yi imani".

## Farkon sana'ar kasuwanci
Bayan yunƙurin girma da sayar da bishiyar Kirsimeti da budgerigars, Branson ya ƙaddamar da wata mujalla mai suna Student a 1966 tare da Nik Powell. Fitowar ɗalibi ta farko ta bayyana a cikin Janairu 1968, kuma shekara guda bayan haka, an ƙiyasta ƙimar Branson akan £50,000. Ofishin kasuwancin yana cikin crypt of St. John's Church, kusa da Bayswater Road, a Landan. Ko da yake ba a fara samun nasara kamar yadda yake fata ba, daga baya mujallar ta zama muhimmin sashi na kasuwancin rikodin wasiku da Branson ya fara daga majami'ar da ya yi amfani da shi na Student. Branson ya yi amfani da mujallar don tallata shahararrun albam, yana yin tallace-tallacen rikodin sa. Ya yi hira da fitattun mutane na ƙarshen 1960s don mujallar ciki har da Mick Jagger da R. D. Laing. Branson ya karɓi cikakken jagorancin ɗalibi bayan ya yi nasarar yi wa Powell ƙarya cewa ma'aikatan mujallar sun yi adawa da shirin Powell na juya mujallar zuwa haɗin gwiwa. 

Kasuwancin sa ya sayar da bayanan ƙasa da kantunan "High Street", musamman sarƙar WHSmith. Branson ya taba cewa, “Babu ma’ana a fara sana’ar ku sai dai idan kun yi ta ne saboda bacin rai.” A lokacin, ana sayar da kayayyaki da yawa a karkashin yarjejeniyoyin tallace-tallace masu takaitawa wadanda suka takaita rangwame, duk da kokarin da aka yi a shekarun 1950. da 1960s don iyakance kiyaye farashin dillali. 

A ƙarshe Branson ya fara shagon rikodin a Oxford Street a London. A cikin 1971, an yi masa tambayoyi dangane da siyar da bayanan da aka ayyana hannun jari. Ba a taba gabatar da lamarin gaban kotu ba saboda Branson ya amince ya biya duk wani harajin sayan da ba a biya ba na kashi 33% da kuma tarar Fam 70,000. Iyayensa sun sake ba da jinginar gidan iyali don taimakawa wajen biyan kuɗin. 

 

## Manazarta