Happisburgh

**Happisburgh** (/ˈheɪzbʌrə, -bərə/ i) ƙauyen farar hula ne a cikin gundumar Norfolk ta Ingila. Ƙauyen yana kan tekun, a gabashin hanyar arewa maso kudu, B1159 daga Bacton a bakin tekun zuwa Stalham. Ƙauye ne mai ƙwayoyin cuta. Babban gari mafi kusa shine Arewacin Walsham   zuwa yamma.

Sunan wurin 'Happisburgh' an fara tabbatar da shi a cikin Domesday Book na 1086, inda ya bayyana a matsayin *Hapesburc*. Sunan yana nufin 'Garin Hæp ko wuri mai garu'. 

Happisburgh ya zama shafin da ke da muhimmancin archaeological na kasa a cikin shekara ta 2010 lokacin da aka gano kayan aikin dutse na kusan shekaru 800,000. Wannan ita ce tsohuwar shaidar aikin ɗan adam a ko'ina a Burtaniya. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2013, an gano jerin Sawun ɗan adam na farko a bakin rairayin bakin teku a shafin, suna ba da shaida kai tsaye game da aikin ɗan adam na farkon shafin.

Ƙasar da ke yankin ta yi hasara ga teku tsawon dubban shekaru. Ikklesiya ta farar hula ta ragu da sama da    a cikin karni na 20 ta lalacewa ta rairayin bakin teku da ƙananan duwatsu. Yawan zaizayar kasa daidai yake da na shekaru 5,000 da suka gabata.  A cikin shekara ta 1968, an gina groynes tare da bakin teku don ƙoƙarin rage yazawar. A cikin ƙidayar jama'a ta 2001, kafin rabuwar Ikklesiya ta Walcott zuwa arewa maso yamma, Ikklesiya (wanda kuma ya haɗa da ƙauyukan Happisburgh Common da Whimpwell Green) yana da yawan jama'a 1,372 a cikin gidaje 607. Don dalilan karamar hukuma, Ikklesiya tana cikin gundumar North Norfolk . 

## Gudanarwa
Yankin zaɓe na Happisburgh ya haɗa da Ikklisiyoyin Happisburgh, Ingham" id="mwXw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Lessingham">Lessingham, East Ruston, Ingham, Honing da Brunstead . An canza iyakokin unguwar don zaben 2019. Gidan da ya gabata yana da yawan mutane 2,386 a cikin gidaje 1,085 . 

## Abubuwan da ke cikin gida

### Cocin St Maryamu
A cikin shekara ta 1086, masarautar Norman mai shigowa tana da coci mai sauƙi wanda aka gina a shafin yanar gizon dutse mai tsawo na yanzu. An rushe shi kuma an sake gina shi a karni na 15. Babban hasumiyar cocin St Mary muhimmiyar alama ce ga masu aikin jirgin ruwa, yayin da yake gargadi game da matsayin masu cin amana da ke kusa. An kara sabon matakala a saman hasumiyar a shekara ta 2001, don tunawa da ɗan makarantar Happisburgh Thomas Marshall, wanda aka kashe a kusa da Eccles on Sea a shekara ta 1997. Har ila yau, akwai takarda don tunawa da shi; an binne shi a cikin cocin.

A shekara ta 1940, wani mai fashewa da bam na Jamus ya saki bam din da aka kama daga bayanta yayin da ya dawo Jamus, kuma har yanzu ana iya ganin wasu shrapnel daga bam din a cikin ginshiƙan cocin. Rubutun cocin na octagonal, kuma na karni na 15, an sassaƙa shi da siffofin zakuna da satyrs.

### Hasumiyar Hasumiya
 
Hasumiyar hasken wuta mai launin ja da fari,   zuwa kudancin cocin, ita ce kawai hasumiyar hasumiya mai zaman kanta a Burtaniya kuma ita ce mafi tsufa da ke aiki a Gabashin Anglia wanda aka gina a cikin 1790. Ana buɗewa ga jama'a a wasu Lahadi a lokacin rani.

### Tashar jirgin ruwa
A cikin shekara  ta 1866, an gina gidan jirgin ruwa na farko, ta Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI), a kan dutsen da ke sama da Old Cart Gap a farashin £ 189. Gininsa a nan ya samo asali ne daga kusanci da Haisborough Sands. An rufe shi a 1926 kuma an janye jirgin ruwa.

An gina wani karamin gidan jirgin ruwa a cikin irin wannan shafin (52°49′28′′N 1°32′10′′E / 52.824326°N 1.536101°E / 52. 824326; 1.536101) a cikin 1965 don adana jirgin ruwa na D-class wanda ya fara aiki a watan Yunin wannan shekarar. A shekara ta 1987, an maye gurbin gidan jirgin ruwa da sabon gini na zamani tare da mafi kyawun kayan aiki don ma'aikata. An kara fadada wannan a shekarar 1998. An sanya sabon jirgin ruwa na D-class, *Colin Martin*, a cikin sabis a ranar 13 ga Satumba shekara ta 1994. 

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2002, an wanke tashar jirgin ruwa saboda rushewar ruwa. An buɗe tashar wucin gadi a cikin watanni uku a Old Cart Gap . Ana amfani da tashar ta asali yanzu don horo da tallace-tallace na abin tunawa.

A ranar 22 ga Oktoba shekara ta 2003, an sanya sabon jirgin ruwa na D-class D-607 Spirit of Berkhamsted a cikin sabis. An girmama tashar tare da lambar yabo ta azurfa ta RNLI, wacce aka bayar a 1886 ga Coxswain John Cannon don nuna godiya ga aikinsa na dogon lokaci da mahimmanci.

### Happisburgh Manor ko St Mary's
Babban amfani da ƙasa lambu ne mai zaman kansa ga gidaje a nan, yana samar da kayan ado na ƙarni na 19 a shafin filayen har zuwa tsakiyar wannan ƙarni. Ginin yana tsakiya kuma yana zuwa gabar teku daga titin ƙauyen da aka yi wa kinked. Babban gidan da aka yi da ciyawar gida Detmar Blow ne ya yi aiki da shi daga cikakken tsari na farko na Ernest Gimson wanda Blow ya yi aiki tare da shi a Stoneywell. Blow yana da alhakin canje-canje na gine-gine ga ƙirar farko da kuma gudanar da gine-gine gaba ɗaya na ginin a lokacin 1900-1902 tare da 'shugabansa' Frank Green daga Gabashin Knowle yana kula da wurin. Yana da tabbacin cewa Gimson ya samar da kayan katako na ciki kuma musamman tsarin rufin katako mai rikitarwa. Yafi yawan aji na II da aka jera (ƙungiya mai farawa) da aka jera wurin shakatawa da lambu, bayan da Detmar Blow ya tsara shi azaman lambun motsi na Arts da Crafts don tafiya tare da gidan bazara na butterfly-plan ga mai mallakar ƙasa mai arziki Albemarle Cator, wanda ke zaune a Woodbastwick Hall, Woodbastwich, wanda ya yanke shawarar gina gidaje ko ƙofar iyalinsa. Yankin arewacin mafi girma, gidansa, bam ne ya lalata shi, kuma Christobel Tabor (née Cator) ne ya dawo da shi bayan yakin. Cators sun sayar da shafin a shekarar 1969, a wannan lokacin gidaje uku na St John's, St Anne's da St Mary's sun shiga cikin mallakar daban. Babban gidan da aka dawo da shi shine Grade II * da aka jera, wanda shine matsayi na tsakiya.

## Rushewar bakin teku

An rasa ƙasa a cikin teku a Happisburgh dubban shekaru. Kwanan nan, sunayen Whimpwell Street da Whimpwell Green a Happisburgh duk abin da ya rage na tsohuwar Ikklisiyar Happisburgh ta Whimpwell, wanda ya ɓace zuwa teku ne kawai a shekara ta 1183. A matsayin misali na baya-bayan nan, a cikin 1845, wani makircin   na Happisburgh ya ɓace a cikin dare ɗaya. Yankin bakin teku na ƙauyen yana fuskantar Rushewar bakin teku akai-akai: gidajen da a cikin 1998  sun kasance sama da ƙafa 20 (6  daga teku yanzu suna zaune a gefen dutse kuma ana sa ran su fada cikin teku. An gina tsaron teku a cikin 1959 don rage lalacewar. Canje-canje a cikin manufofin gwamnati suna nufin cewa kariya ta bakin teku a Happisburgh ba za a iya tallafawa daga gwamnatin tsakiya ba. Hanyar bakin teku da ke kaiwa cikin teku tana ci gaba da lalacewa, kuma an rushe gidajen da ke kusa da teku a cikin shekara ta 2012 a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin kula da bakin teku. Shirye-shiryen da aka yi a garin don daidaitawa da Canjin yanayi da hauhawar matakin teku sun haɗa da Tsarin sake komawa da gwamnati ke tallafawa ga masu gidajen da ke fuskantar barazana. A cikin shekara ta 2023, akwai shirye-shiryen motsawa cikin ƙasa wurin ajiye motoci - wanda aka gina tare da kayan da za a iya amfani da su don wannan dalili - wanda ke cikin haɗarin faɗuwa cikin dutsen.

## Archaeology

A cikin shekara  ta 2010, Simon Parfitt da abokan aiki daga Kwalejin Jami'ar London sun gano kayan aikin dutse a kusa da Happisburgh .  An tsara kayan aikin zuwa "wani wuri tsakanin shekaru 866,000 zuwa 814,000 da suka gabata ko 970,000 zuwa 936,000 da suka gabata",  kimanin shekaru 100,000 da suka gabata fiye da abubuwan da aka gano a Pakefield. Wataƙila mafarauta-masu tattara nau'in ɗan adam Homo antecessor ne suka bar dutsen da ke zaune a filayen ambaliyar ruwa da ke kan iyaka da tsohuwar kogin Thames. Daga nan sai a wanke dutsen a cikin kogi kuma ya zo ya huta a shafin Happisburgh.

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2013, an bayar da rahoton cewa an gano Sawun Happisburgh, sawun mutum mafi tsufa da aka samu a waje da Afirka, yana da shekaru sama da 800,000, a bakin rairayin bakin teku.

## Labaran gargajiya
Akwai wani labari na gida wanda ya fara daga karni na 16 cewa fatalwa na wani mai shigo da kaya da aka kashe ya dame Happisburgh. An bayar da rahoton cewa fatalwa ba ta da kafafu, kuma an rataye kansa a bayansa ta hanyar nama mai laushi. Labarin ya ce an gano jikin mai shigo da kaya a cikin rijiyar.

## Tunawa da Yaƙi
Abin tunawa da yaƙin Happisburgh wani tambari ne na marmara wanda aka ɗora shi da takobi na zinariya a cikin Cocin St. Mary wanda ya lissafa sunayen da suka biyo baya don Yaƙin Duniya na farko: 

An kara sunayen da suka biyo baya bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu:

*

## Gidan wasan kwaikwayo

Fayil:Saint_Mary's_Church_(Happisburgh).jpg| Saint Mary's, Happisburgh
Fayil:Happisburgh_lighthouse_uk.jpg|alt=The lighthouse at Happisburgh| Hasken wuta a Happisburgh
Fayil:Happisburgh_Lifeboat_Station_and_RNLI_Shop.jpg|alt=Happisburgh's lifeboat station and Royal National Lifeboat Institution shop| Tashar jirgin ruwa ta Happisburgh da kantin Royal National Lifeboat Institution
Fayil:Happisburgh_Manor_c1992.jpg|alt=Happisburgh Manor (c.1992)| Happisburgh Manor (  1992)
Fayil:Happisburgh_coastal_erosion.jpg|alt=The precarious position of houses due to the effects of coastal erosion| Matsayin da bai dace ba na gidaje saboda illar zaizayar teku
Fayil:Happisburgh_stone_tools.jpg|alt=Stone tools discovered at Happisburgh| An gano kayan aikin dutse a Happisburgh


### Manazarta