Amina Cachalia

**Amina Cachalia**  (née Asvat; 28 Yuni 1930 - 31 Janairu 2013) 'yar Afirka ta Kudu ce mai fafutukar yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata, mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata, kuma 'yar siyasa. Ta kasance aminiya kuma aminiyar tsohon shugaban ƙasa  Nelson Mandela.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Cachalia Amina Asvat, ta tara cikin yara goma sha ɗaya  a Vereeniging, Transvaal, Afirka ta Kudu, a ranar 28 ga watan Yuni 1930.  Iyayenta sun kasance masu fafutukar siyasa Ebrahim Ismail Asvat da Fatima Asvat.  Ebrahim abokin Mahatma Gandhi ne na kud da kud kuma ya kasance shugaban Transvaal British Indian Association wanda daga baya ya ci sunan Transvaal Indian Congress (TIC).  'Yar uwarta, Zainab Asvat, 'yar gwagwarmaya ce. 

Da farko, Cachalia ba ta fahimci yanayin wariyar launin fata ba a Afirka ta Kudu. Ƙarƙashin tasirin malaminta, Mervy Thandray, malamin gurguzu wanda ke cikin Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Afirka ta Kudu (CPSA), fahimtar Cachalia game da yanayi a Afirka ta Kudu ya ƙaru.  Daga baya, an mayar da ita makarantar sakandaren mata ta Indiya ta Durban. Ta koma Fordsburg kuma ta yanke shawarar ba za ta ci gaba da karatun ta ba. Ta fara koyon shorthand da buga rubutu don samun aiki kuma ta zama mai siyasa.  Ta fara yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata da wariyar launin fata tun tana matashiya. Ta zama mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata, sau da yawa tana mai da hankali kan batutuwan tattalin arziki, kamar 'yancin kai na kudi ga mata. 

## Shiga siyasa
Shigarta ta farko a siyasa ta fara ne a lokacin da take son shiga yakin gwagwarmayar mata, amma an yi watsi da ita saboda tana ƙarama kuma ba za ta iya zuwa gidan yari ba.  Sannan, ta shiga Transvaal Indian Youth Congress (TIYC) a matsayin memba mai ƙwazo. TIYC ta kasance tana aiwatar da ayyuka kamar rarraba takardu, sanya fastoci, sayar da jaridar TIC, da kuma jan hankalin al'ummar Indiya don tallafawa harkar.  Cachalia ta kasance mai ba da agaji ga Majalisar Aminci kuma memba ce ta kafa kungiyar Ci gaban Mata wacce ke da alaƙa da Cibiyar Race Relations a cikin shekarar 1948. Ƙungiyar ta koyar da mata ilimin karatu, yin tufa, ƙwarewar sakatariya, kulawa da jarirai, da kuma dabarun aikin jinya don taimaka musu su zama masu zaman kansu na tattalin arziki. 

### Kamfen na rashin amincewa
A farkon shekarun 1950, ta shiga ANC kuma ta yi aiki tuƙuru don taimakawa Kamfen ɗin  ya zama nasara mai nasara ta hanyar rarraba takardu, yin ziyarar gida da ɗaukar masu sa kai don shiga cikin wannan motsi.  A ranar 26 ga watan Agusta 1952, Cachalia ta shiga cikin tafiya Germiston, wanda Ida Mtwana ya jagoranta. Tattakin Germiston ya ƙunshi mata ashirin da tara gabaɗaya: Indiyawa goma sha ɗaya, masu launi ɗaya (Susan Naude), da matan Afirka goma sha bakwai. An kama duk waɗanda suka halarci wannan tattakin kuma an yanke musu hukuncin ɗaurin kwanaki 14 a gidan yarin Boksburg. 

A ranar 17 ga watan Afrilu 1954, an kafa Ƙungiyar Mata ta Afirka ta Kudu (FEDSAW ko FSAW) a Johannesburg daga ra'ayin Rachel Simons don kafa ƙungiyar mata wadda ta haɗa da mata daga kowane jinsi da launi. Helen Joseph, Lillian Ngoyi da Cachalia ne suka jagoranci kungiyar a matsayin kwamitin gudanarwa na kungiyar.  Cachalia ita ce ma'ajin kungiyar matan Afirka ta Kudu (FEDSAW) kuma babbar mai goyon bayan Tarayyar Matan Transvaal.  FEDSAW ta yanke shawarar shirya tattaki na mata zuwa Pretoria a kan ginin kungiyar a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta 1955 don nuna adawa da dokar da aka kafa. A lokacin, Cachalia tana da ciki da ɗa, Ghaleb. Cachalia ya zama ɗaya daga cikin masu zanga-zangar 20,000. 

A lokacin shari’ar cin amanar ƙasa a shekarar 1956 a birnin Johannesburg, ta taimaka wa ‘yar uwarta Zainab Asvat wajen tallafa wa waɗanda ake tuhuma da iyalansu, waɗanda suka rasa rayukansu ta hanyar tara musu abinci da kuɗi.  Ta zama mai fafutukar yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata. Bayan shari'ar cin amanar ƙasa, Cachalia ta shafe shekaru goma sha biyar a ƙarƙashin gidan kamawa a cikin shekarun 1960 da 1970. 

### Lokacin bayan kama gida
Bayan da aka kama gidan nata, nan take Cachalia ta shiga adawa da shirin gwamnati na bai wa Indiyawa damar zaɓar wakilansu ba tare da ba wa bakaken fata 'yan Afirka ta Kudu hakki iri daya ba ta hanyar kafa kwamitocin Anti-SAIC don nuna adawa da zaben na bogi. Ko da yake yawancin Indiyawan sun ƙauracewa zaɓen, gwamnati har yanzu ta ci gaba da shirinta ta hanyar ba da shawarar tsarin majalisar Tricameral. Rigimar ta haifar da kafa jam'iyyar United Democratic Front (UDF) kuma ta zama ɗaya daga cikin jiga-jigan  wannan kungiya. A cikin 1990s, Cachalia ta yi aiki a cikin kwamitin PWV (Union of Pretoria, Greater Johannesburg (Witwatersrand) da Vaal Triangle (Vereeniging)] yankin a kan Ƙungiyar Mata ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (ANCWL) bayan an sake farfaɗo da kungiyar. 

An zaɓi Cachalia a matsayin 'yar majalisar dokokin ƙasar Afrika ta kudu a babban zaɓen ƙasar Afrika ta kudu a shekara ta 1994, wanda shi ne na farko da ƙasar ta samu kuri'u na bai ɗaya. 

## Mutuwa da jana'iza
Cachalia ta mutu a Asibitin Milpark a Parktown West, Johannesburg, a ranar 31 ga watan Janairu 2013, tana da shekaru 82.  Abin da ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar shi ne rikice-rikice saboda wani kumburin ulcer. 

An yi jana'izar ta a gidanta da ke Parkview, Johannesburg, kamar yadda al'adun Musulmi suka tanada. Taron dai ya samu halartar shugaban ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu Jacob Zuma, da tsaffin shugabannin ƙasar Thabo Mbeki da Kgalema Motlanthe da mataimakin shugaban jam'iyyar ANC Cyril Ramaphosa da tsohuwar uwargidan shugaban ƙasar Graça Machel da tsohon ministan kuɗi Trevor Manuel da kuma ɗan gwagwarmaya Ahmed Kathrada da dai sauransu.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Ta haɗu da mijinta na gaba, Yusuf Cachalia, sakataren TIC ta hanyar harkokin siyasa. Sun kasance abokan Nelson Mandela kafin a ɗaure shi a tsibirin Robben a shekarar 1962. A shekarar 1995, Mandela ya nemi Cachalia da ta aure shi. A lokacin, an raba shi da matarsa, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela. Cachalia ta ki amincewa da shawarar Mandela saboda ta ce, "Ni kaina ne kuma kwanan nan na yi rashin mijina wanda nake matukar mutunta shi".  Mandela ya saki Madikizela-Mandela shekara guda kuma ya auri Graça Machel a shekarar 1998. 

## Girmamawa da martaba
A cikin shekarar 2004, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Luthuli a cikin Bronze saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga daidaiton jinsi da launin fata da dimokuraɗiyya.  A wannan shekarar kuma, Jami'ar Witwatersrand ta ba ta digiri tare da digiri na Dokoki,  .

Bayan mutuwarta, a cikin watan Maris 2013, an buga tarihin rayuwarta *Lokacin da bege da tarihin Rhyme*. 

Har ila yau, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Pravasi Bharatiya Samman, wanda gwamnatin Indiya ta ba wa mambobin Indiyawa.

## Manazarta