John Stonehouse

**John Thomson Stonehouse** (28 ga Yulin 1925 - 14 ga Afrilu 1988) ya kasance dan siyasa ne na jam'iyyar Labour da hadin gwiwa na Burtaniya, ɗan kasuwa kuma minista wanda ya kasance memba na majalisar ministoci a ƙarƙashin Firayim Minista Harold Wilson . Ana tunawa da shi saboda yunkurin da bai yi nasara ba na yaudarar mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1974. An yi zargin cewa Stonehouse ya kasance wakilin leken asirin soja na Czechoslovak.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi John Thomson Stonehouse a ranar 28 ga Yulin 1925 a Southampton,  ɗan na biyu kuma ƙarami cikin yara huɗu na injiniyan gidan waya kuma daga baya mai shirya injiniya William Mitchell Stonehouse, da Rosina Marie (née Taylor).   Mahaifinsa ya kasance sakataren Kungiyar kwadago ta gida;   Stonehouse ya shiga Jam'iyyar Labour Party yana da shekaru goma sha shida. Mahaifiyarsa, tsohuwar uwargidan kayan kwalliya, ita ce mace ta shida a matsayin magajin gari na Southampton  kuma mai ba da shawara a Majalisar Birnin Southampton daga 1936 zuwa 1970. [1]

Stonehouse ta yi karatu a Makarantar Taunton (yanzu Richard Taunton Sixth Form College), Southampton, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin matukin jirgi na Royal Air Force daga 1944 har zuwa 1946.  Daga nan sai ya halarci Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London (LSE), inda ya karanta don digiri na BSc (Econ.). A lokacin da yake LSE, ya kasance shugaban kulob din chess  da kuma kungiyar Labour.  Masanin kimiyyar siyasa Bernard Crick, wanda ya kasance zamani da Stonehouse a jami'a, ya tuna cewa sunansa na laƙabi a lokacin shine 'Ubangiji John', kuma cewa "magana ta kasance a bayyane kuma ba tare da damuwa ba game da yadda ya fi dacewa a sami kujerar majalisa".

## Ayyukan siyasa
Stonehouse ya tsaya ba tare da nasara ba a Norwood a Zaben Majalisar Gundumar London na 1949. An fara zabarsa a matsayin memba na hadin gwiwar Labour (MP) na Wednesbury a Staffordshire a zaben 1957, bayan ya kalubalanci Twickenham a 1950 da Burton a 1951.

A watan Fabrairun 1959, Stonehouse ya yi tafiya zuwa Tarayyar Rhodesia da Nyasaland a kan rangadin gano gaskiyar inda ya yi Allah wadai da gwamnatin 'yan tsiraru na Kudancin Rhodesia (yanzu Zimbabwe). Da yake magana da Kudancin Rhodesia African National Congress, ya ƙarfafa 'yan asalin Rhodesia su tsaya don hakkinsu kuma ya ce suna da goyon bayan Jam'iyyar Labour ta Burtaniya. An kori Stonehouse nan da nan daga Kudancin Rhodesia kuma an hana shi dawowa bayan shekara guda.

Stonehouse ya yi aiki a matsayin ƙaramin ministan jirgin sama, inda ya shiga cikin umarnin kamfanin British Overseas Airways na jirgin sama na Boeing 707 daga Amurka, ba tare da shawarar kansa ba cewa ya kamata su sayi Super Vickers VC10, jirgin sama na Burtaniya. Wannan ya haifar da zarge-zargen da Stonehouse ya yi wa abokan aiki game da dalilan yanke shawara. A watan Maris na shekara ta 1968, Stonehouse ta tattauna yarjejeniyar da ke ba da tsari don ci gaban hadin gwiwar fasaha na dogon lokaci tsakanin Burtaniya da Czechoslovakia da ke ba wa musayar kwararru da bayanai, wurare don karatu da bincike a fasaha, da sauran nau'ikan hadin gwiwoyin masana'antu waɗanda za a iya amincewa da su.

## Zargin leken asiri
Stonehouse allegedly began spying for Czechoslovakia in 1962. In a meeting with Harold Wilson in 1969, Stonehouse was informed of assertions that he was a Czechoslovak secret service agent; the informant was a defector from the Czechoslovak secret service, who had been debriefed by the US security services. At that time, Stonehouse successfully defended himself. In 2009, the spy allegation was substantiated in the official history of MI5, *The Defence of the Realm* (2009) by Cambridge historian Christopher Andrew. In December 2010, it was revealed that Margaret Thatcher had agreed to cover up revelations that Stonehouse had been a Czechoslovak spy in 1980, as there was insufficient evidence to bring him to trial. Until the 2012 exposure of Ray Mawby, briefly a member of a Conservative government, Stonehouse was the only Minister known to have been an agent for the former Eastern bloc.

## Kasuwanci
Bayan ya rasa albashin minista a shekarar 1970, Stonehouse ya kafa kamfanoni daban-daban a kokarin kara albashinsa a matsayin dan majalisa. A shekara ta 1974 yawancin waɗannan kamfanoni suna fuskantar matsalolin kuɗi, kuma Stonehouse ya koma ga lissafin kuɗi na yaudara. Sanin cewa Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci da Masana'antu tana kallon al'amuransa, Stonehouse ya yanke shawarar cewa mafi kyawun zaɓinsa zai zama ya tsere daga kasar. Takardun gwamnati na sirri, waɗanda aka bayyana a shekara ta 2005, sun nuna cewa Stonehouse ya shafe watanni yana maimaita sabon asalinsa a matsayin 'Joseph Markham', marigayi mijin mai jefa kuri'a.

## manazarta