Murray Melvin

**Murray Melvin** (10 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1932 - 14 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta 2023) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Ingila. Wani memba na kamfanin Joan Littlewood's Theatre Workshop, ya samo asali ne daga Geoffrey a cikin wasan Shelagh Delaney A Taste of Honey, ya sake taka rawar a fim din Tony Richardson na 1961. Ya bayyana a fina-finai da talabijin da yawa na Ken Russell ciki har da The Devils (1971) kuma ya buga Reverend Samuel Runt a cikin Stanley Kubrick's *Barry Lyndon* (1975). Sauran shahararrun rawar da Melvin ya taka a allo sun hada da sassa a cikin *Alfi* (1966) da Torchwood (2007). Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin darektan Gidan wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya rubuta littattafai biyu a kan gidan wasan kwaikwayo. 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Melvin a ranar 10 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1932,  a Landan" id="mwJA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="St Pancras, London">St. Pancras, London, ɗan Hugh Victor Melvin da Maisie Winifred, née Driscoll.  Melvin ya bar makarantar sakandare ta arewacin London yana da shekaru goma sha huɗu ba zai iya sarrafa raguwa ba amma a matsayin shugaban, cancantar da ya ce ya samu ta hanyar samun yatsunsu masu tsabta da gashi mai kyau. Ya fara aiki a matsayin ɗan ofis don kamfanin wakilan tafiye-tafiye a kan titin Oxford.

Don taimakawa wajen gudanar da kuzari na matasa bayan lokutan tashin hankali na yaƙi, iyayensa sun taimaka wajen kafa kulob din matasa a Hampstead, wanda Kungiyar hadin gwiwa ta ba da kuɗin wanda suka kasance mambobi na dogon lokaci. An kafa wani sashi na wasan kwaikwayo tare da Melvin wanda ya fi sha'awar shiga.

Wani aiki na ɗan gajeren lokaci ya biyo baya a matsayin magatakarda na shigo da fitarwa a ofishin jigilar kayayyaki,  a lokacin da ya fitar da kayayyaki da yawa ba tare da saninsa ba zuwa wuraren da ba su umarce su ba. Wannan ya biyo bayan shekaru biyu marasa farin ciki na Sabis na Kasa a cikin Royal Air Force (mahaifinsa ya yi aiki a cikin RAF a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu).

Melvin ya yi aiki a matsayin magatakarda da sakatare ga darektan kwamitin wasanni na Royal Air Force a Ma'aikatar Air, sannan yana zaune a Adastral House a Kingsway .  Ba tare da sanin komai game da wasanni ba, ya yi la'akari da yatsunsa masu tsabta, gashi mai kyau kuma hidimar mahaifinsa ta yi dabara.

## Ayyuka

### A Gidan Wasanni
Melvin ya halarci darussan maraice a Cibiyar Nazarin Littattafai ta Birni da ke kusa kuma ya yi karatun wasan kwaikwayo, mime da ballet na gargajiya.[1] A lokacin hutun abincin rana mai tsawo daga Ma'aikatar, ya nemi kamfanin Joan Littlewood's Theatre Workshop a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Royal Stratford East kuma ya saurara a kan mataki yana raira waƙa da rawa ga Littlewood da Gerry Raffles . [1] Lokacin da aka tambaye shi ya kirkiro wani hali da ya sani daga rayuwa, ya zama darektan kwamitin wasanni. Bayan ya tabbatar da cewa dole ne ya dawo wannan rana don aiki, Littlewood ya ce wa Gerry Raffles: "mutumin talakawa, dole ne mu dauke shi daga can" - wanda suka yi.

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1957, ya zama mataimakin manajan mataki, mai zane-zane na gidan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma janar dogbody ga John Bury, mai tsarawa, kuma an jefa shi a cikin aikinsa na farko na sana'a a matsayin Manzo na Sarauniya a cikin shirye-shiryen Macbeth. Daga Kotun Scotland zuwa wani wurin gini, aikinsa na gaba ya kasance a matsayin mai yin tubali a cikin You Won't Always Be On Top, nan da nan wani manomi ya biyo baya a cikin And the Wind Blew, Bellie a cikin Pirandello's Man Beast and Virtue, Calisto a cikin De Rojas's *Celestina*; Young Jodi Maynard a cikin Paul Green's Unto Such Glory (duk 1957) sannan kuma wasan karshe na kakar 1957-58, wanda zai zama farkon shekara mai ban mamaki a tarihin aikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo da Melvin. An jefa shi a matsayin Geoffrey a wasan Shelagh Delaney, A Taste of Honey . 

Bayan hutun bazara a shekara ta 1958, ya taka rawar gani a cikin samar da Brendan Behan's The Hostage .  Dukkanin rubutun sun canza a cikin maimaitawa ta hanyar Joan Littlewood ta hanyar yin amfani da hanyoyi masu mahimmanci da wahayi don samun gaskiyar rubutun da kuma gina wani wasan kwaikwayo mai haɗari da haɗari. Kodayake duka wasannin biyu sun hura iska mai sanyaya ta hanyar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya, babu wani wasan da aka sauya zuwa West End nan da nan, don haka Melvin ya ci gaba da buga dan dan Ebenezer Scrooge a cikin Joan Littlewood na Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol (1958).

A watan Fabrairun 1959, an buɗe A Taste of Honey a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Wyndham kuma an canja shi zuwa Criterion kimanin watanni shida bayan haka. Ya kasance abin da ya faru a kakar. Melvin ya sake taka rawar Geoffrey a Fim din 1961 wanda Tony Richardson ya jagoranta (1961). Ya lashe lambar yabo ta Cannes Film Festival don Mafi kyawun Actor a 1962 kuma an kuma zaba shi don kyautar BAFTA "Mafi Kyawun Sabon Mai Alkawari".

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1960, William Saroyan, a kan yawon shakatawa na duniya, ya tsaya a London inda ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarnin wasan kwaikwayo don Wasanni na Wasanni inda ya jefa Melvin a matsayin babban hali da ake kira Sam, Mafi Girma na Dukansu. Sa'an nan kuma ƙungiyar ta biya ziyarar shekara-shekara zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Sarah Bernhardt don lokacin wasan kwaikwayo na duniya na Paris tare da Ben Jonson's Every Man in his Humour inda ya buga Brainworm . Rehearsals sa'an nan fara ga Stephen Lewis's Sparrows Can't Sing a ciki Melvin ya taka rawar Knocker Jugg . A shekara mai zuwa ya sauya zuwa rawar Georgie Brimsdown don daidaita fim din wasan. Littlewood ne ya shirya fim din.

Bayan hutu na kusan shekaru biyu, kamfanin ya taru don ƙirƙirar kiɗa, Oh, What a Lovely War! Bayan ya fara gudu a Stratford ya tafi bikin Paris kuma ya lashe shi. Kamfanin ya koma gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Wyndham inda wasan ya lashe kyautar mafi kyawun kiɗa a cikin Kyautar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Evening Standard . Tsakanin ƙarshen tafiyarsa ta London da buɗewa a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Broadhurst a New York, kamfanin ya ziyarci Bikin Edinburgh tare da Shakespeare's Henry IV, Sashe na 1 da 2, wanda Melvin ya canza a matsayin Gadshill, Shallow, Vernon da Earl na Maris. Samar da Oh, What a Lovely War! a New York a 1964 shi ne na karshe ga Joan Littlewood da Kamfanin Wasanni . 

### Aiki tare da Ken Russell
Melvin ya bayyana a cikin gidan Talabijin na BBC na Russell na Diary of a Nobody, wanda aka yi fim a Ealing Studios a kan wani fim din da aka gina musamman. Tare da Melvin, wanda ya buga ɗan da ya ɓace, Lupin, akwai wasu 'yan wasan kwaikwayo daga gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Littlewood, gami da Bryan Pringle da Brian Murphy, waɗanda suka zama masu zaman kansu na Russell. Budurwar Lupin a cikin fim din Vivian Pickles ce ta buga, wanda wasan kwaikwayonsa a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Royal Court a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na John Osborne na Ingila ya ja hankalin ƙasa.

An ga Melvin a cikin wani cameo a cikin al'amuran karshe na Isadora Duncan, Babban Mai rawa a Duniya (1966), fim din Ken Russell na Isadora Duncan, wanda ya fito da Vivian Pickles a matsayin mai taken. Matsayin fim din da aka fi sani da Melvin ga Russell shine a matsayin Uba Mignon a cikin *Iblis* (1971), halin da ke haifar da abubuwan ban tsoro na rayuwa da aka rubuta a cikin fim din. 

Bayan fim din, Melvin ya ba da umarnin ayyukan biyu na mawaki na *Iblis*, Peter Maxwell Davies: wasan kwaikwayo na Miss Donnithorne's Maggot da opera The Martyrdom of St Magnus . Ƙarin aiki tare da Davies ya biyo baya. Ya kasance mai magana a cikin samar da Davies's Missa super l'homme armé kuma ya buga Virgin a cikin farko samar da Davies na Notre Dame des Fleurs .

A cikin Russell's The Boy Friend (1971), Melvin da wani tsohon jami'in gidan wasan kwaikwayo, Brian Murphy, suna daga cikin 'yan wasan kamfanin da ke ƙoƙarin kama idon mai gabatarwa na Hollywood wanda ke kallon wasan kwaikwayon lardin Sandy Wilson's The Boys Friend . A cikin fim din, Melvin yana da lambar rawa mai ban sha'awa a cikin kayan aikin jami'in Faransa. Ya sake samun cameo a matsayin Hector Berlioz a cikin Ken Russell's *Lisztomania* (1975), a matsayin gwajin gwaji don fim game da Berlioz wanda Russell ke shirya.

### Sauran wasan kwaikwayo na fina-finai
Melvin yana da muhimmiyar rawa a matsayin Reverend Samuel Runt a cikin *Barry Lyndon* na Stanley Kubrick (1975). A cikin aikin bidiyo "Stanley da Mu", yana magana game da Kubrick's "57 takes (plus 20) ".

Melvin ya sake haɗuwa da abokan aikinsa daga fim din A Taste of Honey, Rita Tushingham da Paul Danquah, a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na shekaru sittin mai suna Smashing Time (1967), wanda shi da Danquah ke da matsayi na cameo. 

Melvin ya yi aiki tare da Oliver Reed na Russell a fim din Richard Fleischer na The Prince and the Pauper, Crossed Swords (1977), kuma a fim din talabijin na kashi hudu na Alberto Lattuada *Christopher Columbus* (1985).

Peter Medak ya jefa Melvin a cikin fina-finai biyar: A Day in the Death of Joe Egg (1972), tare da Alan Bates, Ghost in the Noonday Sun (1973, tare da Peter Sellers), The *Krays* (1990), Let Him Have It (1991), kuma a matsayin Dr. Chilip a cikin *David Copperfield* (2000).

Melvin ya fito a fina-finai biyu na Christine Edzard, *Little Dorrit* (1988), da As You Like It (1992). A matsayinsa na Monsieur Reyer, darektan kiɗa kuma mai gudanarwa na Opera Popular, an jefa shi a cikin fim din Joel Schumacher na wasan kwaikwayo The Phantom of the Opera (2004). 

### Ayyukan talabijin
Melvin ya bayyana a farkon shirin talabijin na The Avengers a cikin 1960. 

A shekara ta 2007 ya bayyana a matsayin mai ban tsoro Bilis Manger a cikin Doctor Who spinoff Torchwood, rawar da ya sake bugawa ga Big Finish Productions daga shekara ta 2017 zuwa gaba. A watan Yulin 2011 Melvin ya buga Farfesa a cikin wani ɗan gajeren wasan kwaikwayo / wasan kwaikwayo da ake kira The Grey Mile, labarin game da tsoffin masu aikata laifuka guda biyu waɗanda yanzu aka tsare su a gidan kulawa.

### Sauran ayyukan

## Manazarta