Meron Estefanos

**Meron Estefanos** (an haife ta a ranar 6 ga  watan Janairunn Shekarar 1974) 'yar gwagwarmayar kare hakkin bil'adama ce kuma yar Sweden. Ta fara zama sananniya a cikin 'yan gudun hijirar Eritriya a shekarar 2011 don taimaka wa wadanda masu fataucin bil'adama suka yi garkuwa da su a hanyarsu ta zuwa Isra'ila da karbar kudin fansa daga danginsu, wanda aka kwatanta a cikin fim din 2013 mai suna Sound of Torture. Bayan da hanyoyin bakin haure da fataucin su suka sauya zuwa Libya, kokarinta ya ci gaba da bankado hanyoyin shiga Turai. Ya zuwa shekarar 2022, Estefanos ta koka da cewa ba a gurfanar da masu safara a gaban kotu ba, ba tare da sha'awar gwamnatocin kasashe da kungiyoyin kasa da kasa ba.

## Ƙuruciya da ilimi

An haifi Meron Estefanos a shekara ta 1974 a Habasha.  Mahaifinta dan gwagwarmayar siyasa ne; da ya gano cewa za a kama shi, sai ya gudu zuwa Sudan, kuma daga karshe ya wuce kasar Sweden. Ita da mahaifiyarta sun zauna a Eritrea, amma  a 1987, zai iya barin Habasha,  kamar yadda mahaifinta ya sami aiki a Sweden.  Ta kira kanta mai gata saboda ta sami takardar zama 'yar ƙasar Sweden ta hannun mahaifinta kuma za ta iya barin jirgin saman Habasha zuwa Sweden.  Ta girma a Sweden. 

## Sana'a
Lokacin da ta girma, Estefanos ta ƙaura zuwa Eritrea, inda ta samu gata na zama 'yar ƙasar Sweden. Daga nan sai ta koma Sweden don nuna adawa da gwamnatin Habasha .  "Shekaru biyar ko shida" ta kasance 'yar gwagwarmayar siyasa, ba ta iya isa ga mutane a Habasha, ba ta iya yin canji, kuma ba a bari ta sake shiga Habasha ba. Ta yanke shawarar mayar da hankali kan 'yan gudun hijira, "saboda [ta] za ta iya kaiwa gare su". 

Tun a shekarar 2008, ta yi kiran wayar salula ta 'yan gudun hijira. A ƙarshe, ta sami kusan kira 100 a rana, ko kuma idan jirgin ruwa yana cikin damuwa, har zuwa kira 500 a rana. Ta fara shirinta na rediyo daga ɗakin  girkinta mai suna "Muryoyin 'yan gudun hijirar Eritrea"  a gidan rediyon Erena mai mahimmanci na tsarin mulki.

Tsakanin shekarun 2009 zuwa 2014 an yi garkuwa da 'yan gudun hijira da yawa a Sinai. A tsawon lokaci, an samu karin haske kan kungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka, wasu kananan gungun shugabannin Bedouin a Sinai ne ke kan gaba, da alaka da kungiyoyin masu garkuwa da mutane a Sudan, da kuma wakilai a garuruwa daban-daban na duniya.  A shekara ta 2011, ta buga wani rahoto wanda ya nuna cewa fataucin sassan jiki na cikin safarar masu neman mafakar ‘yan Sudan da Eritriya a Masar, musamman a yankin Sinai.  Fim din na 2013 mai suna Sound of Torture ya nuna aikinta na taimakon 'yan gudun hijira daga Eritrea, wadanda aka yi garkuwa da su da kuma azabtar da su a kan hanyarsu ta zuwa Isra'ila domin karbar kudin fansa daga 'yan uwansu.  Bayan bala'in bakin haure na Lampedusa a shekarar 2013 ta kuma taimaka wa mutane wajen gano 'yan uwansu da suka bata.  A shekarar 2015, Toronto Star ta kiyasta cewa ta taimaka wajen ceton 'yan gudun hijira 16,000 da wayarta. 

A cikin watan Fabrairun 2020, Estefanos ta yi tafiya zuwa Addis Abeba, kuma jim kadan bayan haka aka kama Kidane Habtemariam Zekarias, shugaban sansani na Bani Walid da ake tsare da shi na fataucin mutane a Libya.   A watan Oktoban 2020, an fara shari'ar kotu a Addis Abbeba ba tare da wani mai sa ido na kasashen waje ba. Alkalai ba su kira shedu na gida ko na duniya ba. A cewar masu gabatar da kara, an yi taron zuƙowa guda ɗaya tare da masu gabatar da kara na Holland, babu buƙatar tusa, kuma da farkon barkewar cutar ta COVID 19, Turai ba ta nuna sha'awar lamarin ba.  A cikin watan Janairu 2021, ya tsere kuma daga baya aka yanke masa hukuncin daurin rai da rai a gidan yari, amma kamar yadda Estefanos ta ji tsoro, ba a sami wani dan tsaka-tsaki ba kuma babu wata hanyar sadarwar da ta katse.  A wannan lokacin Estefano ta kasance cikin baƙin ciki, kuma rashin samun kuɗi ya mamaye ta yayin bala'in.  

A cikin 2022, Süddeutsche Zeitung ta kira ta "Mafarauta ita kaɗai na masu fataucin bil adama"  Tun daga 2022, Estefanos ta koka da cewa ba a gurfanar da masu fataucin a gaban shari'a ba, ba tare da sha'awar gwamnatocin ƙasa da ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa ba. "Idan wadanda abin ya shafa fararen fata ne, eh, to abubuwa na iya faruwa."

Ta kasance marubuciya na yau da kullun ga gidan labarai na Eritrea na gudun hijira Asmarino kuma ta kasance mai aiki a kungiyar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Eritrea Movement for Democracy and Human Rights.  Ita ce ta kafa Hukumar Kula da 'Yan Gudun Hijira ta Duniya (ICER), a Stockholm. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Tun daga shekarar 2014, Estefanos uwa ce ta yara maza biyu, masu shekaru goma sha uku da sha biyar. 

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa

* Dawit Isaak Award, 2011 daga kungiyar 'yan jarida ta kasa don karramawa da jajircewarta ga dan jarida Dawit Isaak da ke daure. 
* Engel-duTertre Prize daga ACAT Foundation, 2015. 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*  "Meron Estefanos - YouTube" .www.youtube.com . Retrieved 2023-05-18.
*  NDR (2022-07-29). "Die Jägerin" . www.ndr.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-05-18.