Tsarin Milankovitch

Milankovitch cycles ya bayyana tasirin sauye-sauye a cikin motsi na Duniya akan yanayi ta a cikin dubban shekaru. An kirkiro kalmar kuma an sanya masa suna ne bayan masanin ilimin ƙasa da masanin taurari na Serbia Milutin Milanković . A cikin shekarun 1920, ya ba da cikakken bincike da yawa fiye da ra'ayin James Croll na baya cewa bambance-bambance a cikin eccentricity, axial tilt, da precession sun haɗu don haifar da bambance-bucen cyclical a cikin rarrabawar intra-annual da latitudinal na Hasken rana a farfajiyar Duniya, kuma wannan tilastawar ta rinjayi yanayin duniya sosai.  

## Motsi na Duniya
Juyawa na Duniya a kusa da axis dinsa, da juyin juya hali a kusa da Sun, sun samo asali ne a tsawon lokaci saboda hulɗar nauyi tare da wasu abubuwa a cikin Tsarin Hasken Rana. Bambance-bambance suna da rikitarwa, amma 'yan zagaye suna da rinjaye.
 
Hanyar duniya ta bambanta tsakanin kusan zagaye da ɗan ƙaramin elliptical (ƙayyadaddensa ya bambanta). Lokacin da zagaye ya fi tsayi, akwai ƙarin bambanci a cikin nesa tsakanin Duniya da Rana, da kuma yawan Hasken rana, a lokuta daban-daban a cikin shekara. Bugu da ƙari, juyawa na duniya (ƙaddamarwa) yana canzawa dan kadan. Babban karkatawa yana sa lokutan su fi tsanani. A ƙarshe, shugabanci a cikin Taurari masu tsayayyu da aka nuna ta hanyar canje-canje na duniya (Axial precession), yayin da yanayin duniya na elliptical kewaye da Rana ke juyawa (apsidal precession). Sakamakon haɗuwa da precession tare da eccentricity shine cewa kusanci da Sun yana faruwa a lokuta daban-daban na astronomical.

Milankovitch ya yi nazarin canje-canje a cikin waɗannan ƙungiyoyin Duniya, waɗanda ke canza adadin da wurin hasken rana da ke isa Duniya. Wannan an san shi da *tilasta hasken rana* (misali na tilasta haskakawa). Milankovitch ya jaddada canje-canjen da aka samu a 65 ° arewa saboda yawan ƙasa a wannan latitude. Ƙungiyoyin ƙasa suna canza zafin jiki da sauri fiye da teku, galibi saboda haɗuwa tsakanin ruwa mai zurfi da mai zurfi yana kiyaye yanayin teku da ya fi sanyi. Hakazalika, babban yanayin zafi na teku na duniya yana jinkirta canje-canje ga matsakaicin zafin jiki na Duniya lokacin da wasu abubuwan tilasta ke motsa shi a hankali.

### Rashin daidaituwa na sararin samaniya
Hanyar duniya tana kusa da ellipse. Eccentricity yana auna tashiwar wannan ellipse daga zagaye. Siffar da kewayon duniya ya bambanta tsakanin kusan zagaye (a ka'idar eccentricity na iya kaiwa sifili) da kuma dan kadan elliptical (mafi girman eccentriccy ya kasance 0.0679 a cikin shekaru miliyan 250 da suka gabata). Matsayinta na lissafi ko logarithmic shine 0.0019. Babban bangare na waɗannan bambance-bambance yana faruwa tare da tsawon shekaru 405,000 (bambance-bambancen bambance-mbance na ±0.012).[2] Sauran abubuwan suna da shekaru 95,000 da kuma shekaru 124,000 (tare da lokacin bugawa na shekaru 400,000).[2] Sun haɗu cikin sake zagayowar shekaru 100,000 (canjin -0.03 zuwa +0.02). Matsayin yanzu shine 0.0167 kuma yana raguwa

Eccentricity ya bambanta da farko saboda janyewar Jupiter da Saturn. Babban jigon ɓangaren ɓangaren ɓangare, duk da haka, bai canza ba; bisa ga Ka'idar rikice-rikice, wanda ke ƙididdige juyin halitta na ɓangaren, babban jigon ɓangare ba ya canzawa. Lokacin orbital (tsawon shekara ta sidereal) ma ba ya canzawa, saboda bisa ga dokar ta uku ta Kepler, an ƙayyade shi ta hanyar rabin-Babban axis. Bambance-bambance na dogon lokaci suna haifar da hulɗar da ta shafi perihelia da nodes na taurari Mercury, Venus, Duniya, Mars, da Jupiter.

## Manazarta