Babban Ƙarfin Duniya

**The Great Global Warming Swindle** fim ne na rikitarwa na Burtaniya na 2007 wanda Martin Durkin ya jagoranta. fim din ya musanta Yarjejeniyar kimiyya game da gaskiyar da abubuwan da ke haifar da Canjin yanayi, yana tabbatar da wannan ta hanyar bayar da shawarar cewa ilimin yanayi yana da tasiri ta hanyar kudade da abubuwan siyasa. Ofcom, hukumar kula da watsa shirye-shiryen Burtaniya, ta soki shirin, wacce ta yi mulki cewa fim din ya kasa tabbatar da rashin son kai da kuma tabbatar da korafe-korafe na rashin wakilci da David King ya yi, wanda ya bayyana a cikin fim din.

Fim din ya gabatar da masana kimiyya, masana tattalin arziki, 'yan siyasa, marubuta, da sauransu waɗanda ke jayayya da yarjejeniyar kimiyya game da dumamar duniya. Kayan talla na shirin sun yi iƙirarin cewa dumamar duniya da mutum ya yi "ƙaryaci" kuma "mafi girman zamba na zamani". Taken aikinsa na asali shine "Apocalypse my arse", amma daga baya an karɓi taken The Great Global Warming Swindle a matsayin alamar 1980 The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle game da ƙungiyar punk ta Burtaniya Sex Pistols.

Tashar Channel 4 ta Burtaniya ta fara shirin ne a ranar 8 ga Maris 2007. Tashar 4 bayyana fim din a matsayin "wani jayayya wanda ya tara ra'ayoyin da aka rubuta da kyau na wasu masana kimiyya masu daraja don cimma wannan kammalawa. Wannan fim ne mai rikitarwa amma muna jin cewa yana da mahimmanci cewa duk bangarorin muhawara suna fitowa. "  A cewar Hamish Mykura, shugaban shirye-shiryen Channel 4, an ba da fim din "don gabatar da ra'ayi na ƙananan masana kimiyya waɗanda ba su gaskata cewa samar da carbon dioxide ne ke haifar da dumamar duniya ba". 

Kodayake Masu musanta canjin yanayi sun yi maraba da shirin, kungiyoyin kimiyya da masana kimiyya sun soki shi, gami da daya daga cikin masana kimiyya da aka yi hira da su a cikin fim din kuma wanda aka yi amfani da bincikensa don tallafawa ikirarin fim din. Masu sukar fim din sun lura cewa ya yi amfani da shi ba daidai ba kuma ya ƙirƙira bayanai, ya dogara da bincike na zamani, ya yi amfani le muhawara mai yaudara, kuma ya yi kuskuren wakiltar matsayin Kwamitin Gwamnati kan Canjin Yanayi.

## Takaitaccen Bayani
Fim din yana amfani da dabarun, kamar gabatarwa mai zaɓaɓɓu, don jefa shakku game da Yarjejeniyar kimiyya game da canjin yanayi da ba da tabbaci ga ra'ayoyi masu sabawa. Ya yi jayayya cewa yarjejeniyar ta samo asali ne daga makircin "billion-dollar" na masu kula da muhalli, masana kimiyya da 'yan siyasa. Fim din ya kuma yi jayayya da masu kula da muhalli na Yammacin Turai da ke inganta sabuntawa a kan man fetur mai arha yana hana ƙasashen Afirka daga masana'antu.

Fim din ya ƙunshi tambayoyi, ciki har da Patrick Moore, memba na Greenpeace wanda ya zama mai ba da shawara ga masana'antu; Richard Lindzen, farfesa na MIT na ilimin yanayi; Patrick Michaels, Farfesa na Kimiyya na Muhalli a Jami'ar Virginia; Nigel Calder, editan *Sabon Masanin Kimiyya* daga 1962 zuwa 1966; John Christy, farfesa da darektan Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Duniya a Jami'a Alabama; Paul Reiter na Cibiyar Pasteur; tsohon Shugaban Birtaniya na Exchequer Nigel Lawson; da Piers Corbyn, mai hasashen yanayi na Burtaniya.  (cikakken jerin a § Masu ba da gudummawa) Carl Wunsch, farfesa na MIT na ilimin teku, wanda kuma aka yi hira da shi, tun daga lokacin ya ce bai yarda da kammalawa na fim din ba da kuma yadda aka yi amfani da kayan hira da shi.

### Tabbacin

Fim din ya yi ikirarin saɓani a cikin shaidar canjin yanayi. Misali, yana nuna dakatarwa a cikin dumama tsakanin 1940 da 1975. Fim din ya bayyana cewa samfuran suna ba da shawarar dumama ya kamata ya zama da sauri a cikin troposphere fiye da a farfajiyar, wanda ya ce bayanan ba su goyi bayan ba, maimakon haka suna nuna dumama na farfajiya mafi girma ko daidai da ƙananan troposphere. Har ila yau, yana jayayya game da bambancin hasken rana a matsayin direba na dumama.

Fim ɗin ya bayyana cewa carbon dioxide ƙaramin sashi ne - kawai 0.054% - na yanayin duniya, kuma tururin ruwa yana da tasiri mafi girma. Sigar farko ta fim ɗin kuma ta yi iƙirarin cewa aman wuta yana fitar da CO2 fiye da ayyukan ɗan adam, kodayake an cire wannan daga juzu'in na baya bayan Durkin ya yarda ba daidai ba ne.

Fim ɗin yana da'awar yanayin zafi yana haifar da canza CO  maimakon sauran hanyar, yana jayayya cewa tekuna suna sakin carbon dioxide lokacin da suke dumi. A cewar fim din, karuwa a cikin matakan CO  ya ragu a baya yawan zafin jiki yana karuwa a lokacin ƙarewar glacial, da fiye da shekaru 100, amma yana ɗaukar daruruwan shekaru don canje-canjen yanayin zafi na duniya don yin rajista a cikin teku, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa dusar ƙanƙara ta nuna canje-canje a CO  ya biyo bayan canje-canje a yanayin zafi na duniya da shekaru 800.

Fim din ya kuma yi jayayya cewa dumamar duniya ta yanzu ba wani abu ne mai ban mamaki ba kuma yanayin zafi ya fi tsananin gaske a lokacin Medieval Warm Period, yana danganta shi da wadata a yammacin Turai.

### Siyasa
A cewar fim din, binciken dumama duniya "yanzu yana daya daga cikin mafi kyawun wuraren kimiyya. " yana tabbatar da cewa masana kimiyya da ke neman kudade na bincike sun fi samun nasara idan tallafin yana da alaƙa da dumama na duniya.

Fim din ya yi jayayya cewa abubuwan da aka ba su suna da tasiri sosai ga masu goyon baya (maimakon masu sukar) na dumamar yanayi saboda akwai daruruwan dubban ayyukan da aka kirkira, kuma sun musanta masu musun dumamar yanayi na duniya da masana'antar man fetur ke tallafawa. Ya yi iƙirarin masana kimiyya waɗanda ke magana game da tsanantawar haɗarin dumama duniya, barazanar mutuwa, asarar kuɗi, hare-haren mutum, da lalacewar suna.

Fim din ya ba da shawarar cewa wasu magoya baya su yi haka saboda yana tallafawa ra'ayoyinsu na motsin rai da akidarsu game da jari-hujja, Ci gaban tattalin arziki, duniya, masana'antu, da Amurka. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa Firayim Minista na Conservative na Burtaniya Margaret Thatcher ne ya inganta dumamar yanayi don inganta makamashin nukiliya da rage tasirin yajin aiki a cikin masana'antar kwal mallakar jihar ta National Union of Mineworkers.

### Kasancewar yarjejeniya
Fim din ya tabbatar da cewa karya ne cewa "masu kimiyya 2,500" suna goyon bayan rahotanni na Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) game da dumama duniya kuma suna da'awar rahoton ya haɗa da 'yan siyasa da wadanda ba masana kimiyya ba, har ma da masu adawa da suka bukaci a cire sunayensu daga rahoton. Ya yi jayayya cewa rahotanni na IPCC sun ɓata ra'ayoyin masana kimiyya masu ba da gudummawa ta hanyar zaɓaɓɓen edita, kuma suna nuna Paul Reiter na Cibiyar Pasteur da ke gunaguni cewa IPCC ba ta ɗauki ra'ayinsa na sana'a a ƙarƙashin babban la'akari ba. Ya bayyana cewa IPCC ta riƙe sunansa a cikin rahoton a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa har sai da ya yi barazanar daukar mataki na shari'a.

A cewar fim din, ana inganta dumamar yanayi tare da tsananin ƙarfi da tsananun da suka yi kama da himma ta addini. Ana bi da masu musun a matsayin masu ridda kuma an daidaita su da masu musun Holocaust. Tim Ball ya bayyana a cikin fim din (kuma a cikin tallace-tallace na manema labarai na gaba) cewa ya sami barazanar mutuwa saboda maganganun shakku da ya yi game da dumamar duniya.

## Karɓar karɓa da zargi
Nunin ya ja hankalin masu kallo miliyan 2.5 da rabon masu sauraro na 11.5%. Tashar 4 ta bayyana cewa ta karɓi kira 758 da imel game da shirin, tare da waɗanda ke goyon baya sun fi yawan korafe-korafe da shida zuwa ɗaya.