Mary Jane Kelly

Mary Jane Kelly (c. 1863 – 9 November 1888), also known as Marie Jeanette Kelly, Fair Emma, Ginger, Dark Mary and Black Mary, is widely believed by scholars to have been the final victim of the notorious unidentified serial killer Jack the Ripper, who murdered at least five women in the Whitechapel and Spitalfields districts of London from late August to early November 1888. At the time of her death, Kelly was approximately 25 years old, working as a prostitute and living in relative poverty.[1]

Ba kamar sauran wadanda aka kashe ba - kowannensu an kashe shi a waje kuma ana iya yin yankan su cikin minti daya - an kashe Kelly a cikin ɗakin da ba shi da kayan aiki da ta hayar a Kotun Miller 13, wanda ya ba mai kisan kanta lokaci mai tsawo don ya yanke mata ciki da yankan jikinta. Jikin Kelly shine mafi yawan wadanda aka lalata daga cikin wadanda aka azabtar, tare da yankan da ta yi ya dauki mai kisan ta kusan sa'o'i biyu don yin hakan.[1]￼

## Rayuwa ta farko
Idan aka kwatanta da sauran wadanda aka kashe hudu na Ripper, asalin Mary Kelly ba shi da tabbas kuma ba shi da takardun, kuma yawancin wannan bayanin yana iya ƙawata. Kelly na iya ƙirƙira bayanai da yawa game da rayuwarta ta farko saboda babu wata hujja da ta tabbatar da ita, amma babu wata huja da ta saɓa da haka.  A cewar Joseph Barnett, mutumin da ta zauna kwanan nan kafin a kashe ta, Kelly ta gaya masa cewa an haife ta ne a Limerick, Ireland, a kusa da 1863 - kodayake ba a san ko tana magana da birni ko gundumar ba - kuma cewa iyalinta sun koma Wales lokacin da take yarinya. 

An san Kelly da cewa ta yi iƙirarin ga wani sananne cewa iyayenta sun musanta ta, kodayake ta kasance cikin kusanci da 'yar'uwarta. Ta bayyana iyalinta ga Barnett a matsayin masu arziki, kuma duka biyu shi da tsohuwar mai kula da Kelly, Mrs Carthy, sun yi iƙirarin cewa Kelly ya fito ne daga dangin "mutane masu kyau". Barnett ya ba da rahoton cewa Kelly ta sanar da shi cewa mahaifinta mai suna John Kelly ne kuma yana aiki a wani ma'aikatar ƙarfe a ko dai Caernarfonshire ko Carmarthenshire. Barnett ya kuma tuna Kelly yana da 'yan'uwa maza bakwai da akalla' yar'uwa daya. Ɗaya daga cikin ɗan'uwa, mai suna Henry, ya yi aiki a cikin 2nd Battalion Scots Guards .  Ta taɓa bayyana wa wata aboki mai suna Lizzie Albrook cewa an yi amfani da wata mace a filin wasan kwaikwayo na London. Mai gidansa, John McCarthy, ya kuma yi iƙirarin cewa Kelly ta karɓi wasiƙu kaɗan daga Ireland.

Carthy ya bayyana Kelly a matsayin "mafi kyawun malami kuma mai zane-zane mara digiri".   Koyaya, a Bincike kisan Kelly, Barnett ta sanar da mai binciken cewa a cikin watanni kafin kisan ta, sau da yawa ta nemi ya karanta rahotanni na jarida game da kisan Whitechapel a gare ta, yana ba da shawarar cewa ba ta iya karatu da rubutu.

Labaran jaridu daga Nuwamba 1888 sun yi iƙirarin cewa an san Kelly da "Mary McCarthy", wanda watakila ya kasance cakuda tare da ko dai sunan mai gidan ta a lokacin mutuwarta ko sunan mai gidan da ta gabata wanda ta zauna tare da ita har zuwa kimanin 1886. 

## Bayyanawa
An bayar da rahoton Kelly a matsayin mai launin gashi ko ja, kodayake sunanta na "Black Mary" na iya nuna cewa tana da gashi mai duhu. Idanunta sun yi shuɗi. Ga wasu, an san Kelly da "Fair Emma", kodayake ba a san ko wannan ya shafi launin gashin kanta ba, launin fatarta, kyakkyawa, ko wasu halaye. Wasu jaridu na zamani sun ba da rahoton cewa an ba ta lakabi da "Ginger" bayan gashin kanta (ko da yake kafofin ba su yarda da wannan batu ba, don haka ya bar bayanin launi na gashi daga ash blond zuwa duhu chestnut). 

Rahotanni na zamani sun kiyasta tsawo na Kelly a 5  in (1.70 . Detective Walter Dew, a cikin tarihin kansa, ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya san Kelly sosai ta hanyar gani. Ya bayyana ta a matsayin "kyakkyawan kyakkyawa" da kuma "kyakkyawa, yarinya mai tsayi". A cewar Dew, koyaushe tana sanye da fararen farar fata mai tsabta amma ba ta taɓa yin hular ba. Sir Melville Macnaghten na rundunar 'yan sanda ta Metropolitan (wanda bai taba ganin Kelly ba kafin mutuwarta) ya ce tana da "manyan abubuwan jan hankali". The Daily Telegraph na 10 Nuwamba 1888 ya bayyana ta a matsayin "tsawo, mai laushi, mai kyau, mai sabon fata, kuma mai kyau".

## Aure
Lokacin da Kelly ta kasance kusan shekaru 16 a cikin kimanin 1879, an ruwaito ta auri wani mai hakar kwal mai suna Davis ko Davies, wanda aka kashe shekaru biyu ko uku bayan haka a fashewar hakar ma'adinai. Ba tare da wata hanyar tallafin kuɗi ba, Kelly ta koma Cardiff, inda ta zauna tare da dan uwanta. Kodayake babu rubuce-rubuce na zamani game da kasancewar Kelly a Cardiff, a wannan matakin ne a rayuwarta cewa Kelly ta fara aiki a karuwanci,  mai yiwuwa dan uwanta ne ya gabatar da ita ga wannan sana'a. Babu bayanan 'Yan sanda na Kudancin Wales da suka nuna cewa an kama Kelly ne saboda karuwanci. 

## Komawa zuwa London
A shekara ta 1884, Kelly a bayyane ta bar Cardiff kuma ta koma London, inda ta yi aiki a takaice ga mai sayar da sigari a Chelsea  kafin ta sami aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar gida yayin da take zama a Crispin Street, Spitalfields . A shekara mai zuwa, an yi imanin cewa Kelly ya koma gundumar Fitzrovia ta tsakiyar London.

Ta hanyar haduwa da wata matashiyar Faransa wacce Kelly ta sadu da ita a Knightsbridge, ta sami aiki a wani gidan karuwai mai daraja a cikin West End na London. Ta zama ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun 'yan mata na gidan karuwai kuma ta kashe kuɗin da ta samu a kan tufafi masu tsada da hayar karusa. An ruwaito cewa, wani abokin ciniki mai suna Francis Craig ya gayyaci Kelly zuwa Faransa, amma ya koma Ingila cikin kimanin makonni biyu,  bayan da bai son rayuwarta a can ba. Koyaya, a lokacin da ta dawo London, Kelly ta ɗauki sunan Faransanci "Marie Jeanette".

## Gabashin Gabas

A cikin 1885, Kelly ta zauna a takaice tare da Mrs. Buki a cikin masauki kusa da London Docks North Quay . A cikin ɗan gajeren lokacin da ta zauna tare da Buki, an san su biyu sun ziyarci gidan wata mace ta Faransa da ke zaune a Knightsbridge don neman dawo da akwatin riguna masu tsada na Kelly. Wannan bayanin ya nuna cewa saukowar Kelly zuwa rayuwar East End ta kasance da sauri sosai kuma mai yiwuwa kokarin da ta yi na kauce wa fansa daga mai sayarwa ya rinjayi shi. An kuma yi imanin cewa a wannan matakin ne a rayuwarta lokacin da Kelly ta fara shan giya sosai.

Bayan barin gidan Buki, Kelly ta zauna tare da Mrs. Carthy a Breezer's Hill, Ratcliffe Highway .  A cewar Carthy, Kelly ta zauna a gidanta tsakanin 1885 da 1886,  kafin ta tafi ta zauna tare da mai ginin wanda Carthy ya yi tunanin zai auri Kelly.  Da yake tafiya zuwa yankunan da suka fi talauci a Gabashin Gabas, Kelly ya ruwaito ya zauna tare da wani mutum mai suna Morganstone kusa da Kasuwancin Kasuwanci a Stepney kuma daga baya tare da mai gyaran mason mai suna Joseph Flemming . 

## Sanar da Joseph Barnett
A shekara ta 1886, Kelly tana zaune a Cooley's Lodging House a Thrawl Street, Spitalfields .   A ranar 8 ga Afrilu 1887, ta saba da Joseph Barnett mai shekaru 28,  wanda ta fara saduwa da shi a titin Kasuwanci. Barnett - wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ɗaukar kifi a Kasuwar Billingsgate - ya ɗauki Kelly don sha kafin ya shirya don saduwa da ita washegari.

### Dangantaka da masauki
Su biyun sun amince da zama tare a taron su na biyu a ranar 9 ga Afrilu. Da farko, Barnett da Kelly sun zauna a titin George, kusa da titin Kasuwanci. Daga baya sun dauki masauki a Little Paternoster Row, amma nan da nan aka kore su saboda rashin biyan kuɗin haya da maye da kuma halin rikici. Daga baya sun dauki masauki a Brick Lane, kafin su koma Kotun Miller, a kan titin Dorset, a ko dai Fabrairu ko Maris 1888.

## 13 Kotun Miller
A farkon 1888, Kelly da Barnett s koma Kotun Miller ta 13, wani karamin ɗaki guda ɗaya a bayan titin Dorset 26, Spitalfields .  Wannan dakin ya taɓa zama ɗakin baya na 26 Dorset Street kuma an raba shi da bango na katako. Kudin haya na mako-mako don wannan dakin shine 4s 6d.

Kotun Miller ta lamba 13 ɗaki ne guda   , tare da gado, tebur uku da kujera. Sama da wuta an rataye bugawa na "The Fisherman's Widow",  kuma karamin wanka na tin yana ƙarƙashin gado.  Fensho guda biyu da ba su da girman kai sun fuskanci yadi, inda aka sami turɓaya da famfo na ruwa da ke ba da sabis ga dukiyar, kuma ƙofar ta buɗe kai tsaye a cikin hanyar 26   -tsawon hanyar da ta haɗa Kotun Miller da Dorset Street. Wannan ƙofar ta haskaka da dare ta hanyar fitilar gas da ke kusa da ƙofar dukiyar.

Kelly ta rasa maɓallin ƙofar ta, a maimakon haka ta ɗora ƙofar daga waje ta hanyar sanya hannu ta hanyar fashewar taga kusa da ƙofar.  Wata maƙwabciyar Jamus, Julia Venturney, ta yi iƙirarin cewa Kelly ta karya wannan taga lokacin da ta bugu, kuma ana sanya rigar mutum akai-akai a cikin wannan fashewar fashewar don duka biyun su yi aiki a matsayin labule kuma su hana ruwa shiga cikin dakin.

A cewar abokiyar Kelly kuma maƙwabciya, Lizzie Albrook, Kelly tana da "rashin lafiya" na rayuwar da take jagoranta a shekara ta 1888 kuma tana so ta koma Ireland "inda mutanenta ke zaune". Mai gidansa, John McCarthy, daga baya ya tuna: "Ta kasance mace ce mai natsuwa sosai lokacin da take da hankali amma tana da hayaniya lokacin da take shan giya. "  Lokacin da ta sha, ana jin Kelly sau da yawa tana raira waƙoƙin Irish, kodayake lokacin da ta bugu, sau da yawa za ta zama mai rikici har ma da zalunci ga waɗanda ke kewaye da ita, wanda ya ba ta laƙabi "Dark Mary". 

Barnett ya rasa aikinsa a matsayin mai ɗaukar kifi a watan Yulin 1888, wanda aka ruwaito saboda yin sata.[undefined] A sakamakon haka, Kelly ta sake komawa karuwanci. A cewar Barnett, ta fara barin wasu karuwai su yi barci a cikin ɗakinsu a kan "daddare masu sanyi, masu zafi" saboda ba ta da zuciya don ƙin su.[undefined] Da farko, Barnett ya yarda da wannan har sai shi da Kelly suka yi jayayya game da raba ɗakin tare da karuwa da ya sani kawai a matsayin "Julia".[undefined] Barnett daga baya ta bar Kotun Miller ta 13 a ranar 30 ga Oktoba, fiye da mako guda kafin mutuwarta, ta dauki masauki a 24-25 New Street, Bishopgate. [undefined][undefined] Duk da haka, tsakanin 1 da 8 ga Nuwamba, Barnett ya ziyarci Kelly kusan kowace rana, wani lokaci yana ba ta kuɗi.[1]￼

## Kafofin watsa labarai

### Fim din

* *Nazarin Ta'addanci* (1965). Wannan fim din ya jefa Edina Ronay a matsayin Mary Jane Kelly . 
* *Kisan kai ta hanyar doka* (1979). Bob Clark ne ya ba da umarni. Wannan fim mai ban mamaki na Burtaniya da Kanada ya sanya Susan Clark a matsayin Mary Kelly .
* Ƙaunar ta Ƙarƙashin Jinin (1999). Fim din wasan kwaikwayo wanda William Tannen ya jagoranta. Andrea Miltner ne ya nuna Kelly.
* *Daga Jahannama* (2001). Hughes Brothers ne suka ba da umarnin, fim din ya sanya Heather Graham a matsayin Mary Kelly . 

### Talabijin

* Jack the Ripper (1988). Jerin wasan kwaikwayo na fim na Thames Television tare da Michael Caine . Mary Kelly ta buga ta Lysette Anthony . 
* The Real Jack the Ripper (2010). David Mortin ne ya ba da umarnin, wannan jerin sun nuna Yulia Petrauskas a matsayin Mary Kelly kuma an fara watsa shi a ranar 31 ga watan Agusta 2010.
* *Jack the Ripper: Labari na Ƙarshe* (2011). Wani shirin na sa'o'i biyu wanda ke ambaton rahotanni na asali na 'yan sanda da asusun shaidu na ido game da Whitechapel Murderer. Lexie Lambert ce ta nuna Kelly.

### Wasan kwaikwayo

* *Jack, wanda aka azabtar na ƙarshe* (2005). Wannan kiɗa ya jefa Amanda Almond a matsayin Mary Kelly . 

## Dubi kuma

* Yanayin sanyi
* Jerin masu kisan kai kafin 1900
* Kisan da ba a warware ba a Ƙasar Ingila

## Manazarta