Kungiyar Aiki ta Muhalli

Ƙungiyar Ayyukan Muhalli (EWG) ƙungiya ce ta Amurka wacce ta ƙware a cikin bincike da bayar da shawarwari a fannonin tallafin noma, sinadarai masu guba, gurɓataccen ruwan sha, da kuma lissafin kamfanoni.  EWG kungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta 501(c)

## Tarihi
A cikin 1993, Ken Cook da Richard Wiles ne suka kafa Kungiyar Aiki ta Muhalli. EWG tana da hedkwata a Washington, DC.  An kafa kungiyar ta lobbying, Asusun Ayyukan EWG (kungiyar 501 (c) (4)  a shekara ta 2002. 

EWG tana haɗin gwiwa tare da kamfanoni don tabbatar da samfuran su. Rahotonta suna da tasiri ga jama'a, amma an soki shi saboda ya wuce gona da iri haɗarin sunadarai.

## Ayyuka
A cewar wanda ya kafa ta Ken Cook, EWG yana ba da shawarar abinci da noma.EWG yana karɓar kuɗi daga masana'antun abinci na halitta, kuma tushen tallafin da gargaɗin amincin samfuran sa na haɗarin kiwon lafiya da ake zargi sun jawo zargi,  gargaɗin da ake yiwa lakabi da "mai faɗakarwa", "mai tsoratarwa" da "masu yaudara." [7] [8] [9] Brian Dunning na Skeptoid's kungiyar ta siffanta ayyukan siyasa na EWG.."

Dangane da binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2009 na mambobi 937 na Society of Toxicology wanda Jami'ar George Mason ta gudanar, kashi 79% na masu amsa sun yi tunanin EWG ta wuce gona da iri game da haɗarin sunadarai, yayin da kashi 3% kawai suka yi tunanin ya rage su kuma kashi 18% sun yi tunanin sun dace. Quackwatch ya haɗa da EWG a cikin jerin sunayen "kungiyoyin da ba su da tabbas, "  yana kiransa daya daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin da ke da abubuwan da ba daidai ba ne da za su ce game da kayan kwalliya. " [t]

Masanin tarihin muhalli James McWilliams ya bayyana gargadi na EWG a matsayin tsoro da yaudara, kuma ya rubuta cewa akwai ƙananan shaidu don tallafawa da'awarsa:  "Gaskiya na shirin USDA wajen samar da cikakkun bayanai yana da kyau saboda yana nuna yadda waɗannan raguwa ba su da mahimmanci daga hangen nesa na kiwon lafiya. Abin takaici, EWG ta yi amfani da wannan nuna gaskiya a hanyar sarrafawa don fitar da tsoronsu, tsarin tallan kwayoyin halitta. " 

A cewar Kavin Senapathy na Science Moms, EWG "yana tsoratar da masu amfani game da sinadarai da amincin su, suna ba da tsoro a cikin yaudarar kulawa da ƙarfafawa."  Babban sukar ta shine amfani da hanyoyin "masu lahani" don kimanta abinci, kayan shafawa, samfuran yara, da ƙari, da kuma cewa "kamfanonin halitta ne ke ba da kuɗi mafi yawa" wanda shawarwarin sayayya ya amfana..

### Dirty Dozen
EWG tana inganta jerin shekara-shekara da ke nuna raguwar magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta a kan 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu da ake kira "Dirty Dozen", kodayake ba ta ba masu karatu mahallin abin da hukumomin sarrafawa suka ɗauka lafiya ba. Jerin yana gargadi masu amfani da su guji kayan al'ada kuma suna inganta abinci na kwayoyin.

Masana kimiyya sun bayyana cewa jerin sun fi nuna haɗarin ga masu amfani da abubuwan da aka lissafa kuma cewa hanyar da aka yi amfani da ita wajen gina shi "ba ta da amincin kimiyya" kuma "yana iya zama yaudara da gangan".  Binciken 2011 ya nuna cewa abubuwan da ke cikin jerin suna da matakan aminci na raguwar sinadarai ko babu ko ɗaya.   Binciken 2011 na bayanan PDP na USDA  na Steve Savage ya gano cewa 99.33% na ragowar da za a iya ganowa sun kasance ƙasa da haƙuri na EPA kuma rabin samfurori sun ƙunshi ƙasa da ɗari na waɗannan matakan. 

### Tallafin ka'idojin PFAS
Tun daga farkon 2000s, EWG tana ba da shawara don ƙara ƙa'idodi game da amfani da abubuwa na polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS). EWG ta yi aiki tare da Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya ta Muhalli ta Kimiyya ta Jama'a (SSEHRI) a Jami'ar Arewa maso Gabas don buga taswirar da ke nuna gano PFAS a cikin samfurori na ruwa a duk faɗin Amurka.

### Rashin rana
A watan Yulin shekara ta 2008, EWG ta wallafa wani bincike na sama da 900 sunscreens. Rahoton ya kammala cewa kashi 15% ne kawai na sunscreens suka cika ka'idodin kungiyar don aminci da tasiri. Ya yi kira ga FDA da ta buƙaci masana'antun su samar da ƙarin bayani game da matakin kariya daga rana da aka bayar don radiation na UVA da UVB. Wakilan masana'antar hasken rana sun kira rahoton hasken rana na 2008 ba daidai ba ne. Da yake tsokaci game da rahoton hasken rana na 2010, Zoe Draelos, farfesa mai ba da shawara a Jami'ar Duke kuma Fellow na Kwalejin Kwalejin Kwararrun Kwararrun Amurka,  ya ce kungiyar ta yi "sweeeping generalizations" mara adalci game da sababbin sunadarai (kamar oxybenzone) a cikin rahotonta kuma cewa samfuran da aka ba da shawarar sun dogara ne kawai akan "tsohuwar fasaha" kamar Zinc oxide da titanium dioxide.

### Allurar rigakafi
A shekara ta 2004, EWG ta rubuta wani rahoto mai taken "Overloaded? Sabon kimiyya, sabon fahimta game da mercury da autism a cikin yara, "  yana inganta Haɗin da ba shi da tushe tsakanin masu kiyaye mercury a cikin allurar rigakafi da autism,  wanda aka yi la'akari da shi wanda ya haifar da gardama mai yawa, musamman tsakanin Masu gwagwarmayar rigakafin,  amma babu wata shaida da ta goyi bayan.

### Abinci da aka canza ta hanyar kwayar halitta
EWG ta yi maganganun da ke adawa da Yarjejeniyar kimiyya game da amincin abinci mai canza kwayar halitta (GM) wanda ke zargin cewa ba a tabbatar da amincinsa na dogon lokaci ba. Kungiyar ta fara kamfen ɗin da ke tallafawa ta hanyar tallafi daga masana'antar abinci ta kwayoyin halitta don buƙatar lakabin abinci na GM da inganta abinci na kwayoyin halitta.

### Ruwa mai laushi
A shekara ta 2005, daga bayanan da " hukumomin muhalli da kiwon lafiya na jihar" suka tattara,  EWG ta fitar da bayanan Tap Water,  wanda ya ƙunshi bayanan da aka tattara daga kimanin 48,500 na ruwa a duk faɗin Amurka.     Birnin Everett, Washington, wanda rahoton ya bayyana a matsayin wuce jagororin kiwon lafiya na jama'a don ruwan sha, ya soki rahoton, yana jayayya cewa EWG ta zaɓi jagororin da aka yi amfani da su don tantance ingancin ruwa.

## Kudi da kudade
Don shekara ta kasafin kudi da ta ƙare Disamba 2021, ProPublic's Nonprofit Explorer Form 990 archive da Charity Navigator kowannensu ya ba da rahoton cewa EWG ta tara kimanin dala miliyan 16.1 kuma ta kashe wasu dala miliyan 12.6.  Cents 84 daga kowane dala EWG yana karɓar shiga cikin kuɗin shirinsa. Shugaba Ken Cook ya sami $ 317,423 a cikin samun kudin shiga a shekarar 2021.

Mai fafutuka ya ruwaito, daga ProPublic's Nonprofit Explorer  Form 990 archive,  don shekarar kasafin kudi da ta ƙare Disamba 2017, cewa EWG ta tara fiye da dala miliyan 10.4 kuma ta kashe fiye da dala dala miliyan 9.3. 

## Manazarta