open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Dianne Saxe

**Dianne Saxe** (née **Shulman**; an haife ta a ranar 27 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta 1952) lauya ce kuma 'yar siyasa a Kanada wacce aka zaba don wakiltar Jami'ar Ward 11 - Rosedale a Majalisar Birnin Toronto bayan Zaben birni na 2022. Kafin ya shiga siyasa, Saxe ya yi aiki da Dokar muhalli kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin kwamishinan muhalli na uku kuma na karshe na Ontario daga 2015 zuwa 2019. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban Green Party na Ontario (GPO) daga 2020 zuwa 2022.

## Ayyukan shari'a

### Ilimi
Saxe ta yi karatun shari'a a Osgoode Hall Law School, inda ta sami digiri na farko a fannin shari'a (LL.B.) a shekara ta 1974. An kira ta zuwa kotun Ontario a 1976 kuma ta sami Ph.D. a shari'a daga Osgoode a 1991.

### Ayyuka
Kafin ya shiga bangaren gwamnati, Saxe ya yi aiki a cikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu tare da manyan kamfanoni biyu sannan ya gudanar da kamfanin sayar da shari'ar muhalli na tsawon shekaru 25. Ayyukanta na farko sun mayar da hankali kan haɗuwa da dokar muhalli da alhakin kamfanoni, yayin da aikinta na baya-bayan nan ya mayar da hankali ga Canjin yanayi da dokar da ta shafi. Ta wallafa ko'ina kan batutuwan muhalli. Daga 1975 zuwa 1989, Saxe ta yi aiki da doka tare da Gwamnatin Ontario.

A shekara ta 1991, Saxe ya koma aiki mai zaman kansa. Ta wakilci Association of Municipalities of Ontario (AMO) a cikin nasarar da suka samu na dala miliyan 115 a kan Stewardship Ontario don kudin shirin Blue Box na Ontario a shekarar 2014.

### Kwamishinan Muhalli na Ontario
An nada Saxe a matsayin kwamishinan muhalli na Ontario a shekarar 2015 ta Majalisar Dokokin Ontario. Kwamishinan jami'in majalisa ne mai zaman kansa wanda ke sa ido kan Dokar Kare Hakkin Muhalli, kuma ya gabatar da rahotanni na shekara-shekara game da ci gaban lardin a kan kowane kiyaye makamashi, Kare muhalli da Canjin yanayi. An kuma ba ta izinin isar da rahotanni na musamman. A matsayinta na kwamishina, ta gabatar da rahotanni 17 ga majalisa kan batutuwa ciki har da rashin adalci na muhalli ga Al'ummai na farko, wutar lantarki, sharar gida da tattalin arziki, nau'in da ke cikin haɗari, gurɓataccen ruwa, kiwon Lafiyar ƙasa da Manufofin yanayi.

### Komawa ga aiki na sirri
Bayan ta zama kwamishinan muhalli, Saxe ta sake buɗe aikinta na dokar muhalli na SaxeFacts wanda ya mayar da hankali kan batutuwan yanayi. Tana wallafa labarai da shafin yanar gizo kuma tana gabatar da batutuwan yanayi. Ta kasance McMurtry Clinical Fellow a Osgoode Hall Law School daga 2019 zuwa 2020,  babban jami'i ne a Kwalejin Massey, kuma farfesa a Jami'ar Toronto School of the Environment. Ta dauki bakuncin kwasfan fayiloli da ake kira "Green Economy Heroes" wanda ke nuna tambayoyi tare da shugabannin kasuwancin kore, kuma ta kasance goyon bayan jama'a ga yunkurin yajin aikin yanayi na matasa a Toronto.

## Manazarta
Badr Abdelatty

**Badr Ahmed Mohamed Abdelatty** (Arabic; an haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1966) ɗan diflomasiyyar Masar ne kuma ɗan siyasa wanda ke aiki a matsayin Ministan harkokin waje tun daga shekara ta 2024. 

## Ayyuka
Abdelatty, an haife shi a Gwamnatin Asyut, ya sami BA a Kimiyya ta Siyasa a 1987. Ya ci gaba da samun MA da PhD a cikin Harkokin Kasashen Duniya a 1996 daga Jami'ar Alkahira . 

Ya yi aiki a matsayin Jakadan Masar a Jamus (2015-2019), yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen karfafa dangantakar Masar da Jamus a lokacin mulkin Angela Merkel. A baya, ya kasance Mataimakin Mataimakin Ministan Harkokin Waje kuma mai magana da yawun Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen (2013-2015), da kuma Mataimakin Matar Ministan Tarayyar Turai da Harkokin Yammacin Turai. Ya rike manyan mukamai daban-daban, ciki har da Mai Gudanar da Kasa na Tarayyar Bahar Rum (2012-2013), Mataimakin Shugaban Ofishin Jakadancin a Brussels (2008-2012), da Darakta na Harkokin Palasdinawa a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Masar (2007-2008). 

Tun da farko, ya yi aiki a Washington (2003-2007), Tokyo (1997-2001), da Tel Aviv (1991-1995), yana kula da batutuwan Afirka, Gabas ta Tsakiya, da tsarin zaman lafiya. Bugu da ƙari, ya ba da lacca a Kwalejin Soja ta Nasser a 2003 kuma ya rubuta littattafai kan siyasar duniya. 

## Manazarta
Jarumi na Iska

Warrior of the Wind wani labari ne na 2023 wanda marubucin Najeriya Suyi Davies Okungbowa ya rubuta. Shi ne ci gaba ga Son of the Storm kuma kashi na biyu a cikin jerin Nameless Republic . [1][2]

An zabi shi don Kyautar Nommo ta 2024. 

## Manazarta
Jami'ar Yammacin Australia Library

**Laburare** **na Jami'ar Yammacin Ostiraliya** (UWA) tsarin ɗakin karatu ne wanda ya ƙunshi wurare biyar na ɗakin karatu a harabar jami'ar da kuma kusa da ita. An san ɗakunan karatu suna tallafawa ayyuka da kayan aiki iri-iri, gami da koyarwa, koyo, bincike da tallafin IT, da wuraren koyo.

## Tarihi
Lokacin da Jami'ar Western Australia ta fara koyar da ɗalibai a shekarar 1913 kuma aka gina ginin farko a wurin Irwin Street, an ware £2000 kacal don siyan littattafai kusan ɗari. 

An kafa ɗakin karatu na reshen kiɗa tun daga shekarar 1935, shekaru da yawa kafin a kafa sashen kiɗa na UWA. A shekarun 1960, an sanya wa ɗakin karatu suna ɗakin karatu na Wigmore Music Library bayan kyaututtuka masu yawa daga mai goge Alice Ivy Wigmore, don girmama mahaifiyarta.[1] An buɗe wani gini mai manufa don ɗakin karatu na Wigmore Music Library a shekarar 1976, wanda ya haɗa da ɗakunan tattaunawa da wuraren karatu na yau da kullun.[2] An sake amfani da wannan ginin ɗakin karatu a shekarar 2020 ta UWA Conservatorium of Music a matsayin wuri don yin atisaye da wasan kwaikwayo, kuma yanzu ana kiransa Wigmore Music Studio.[3] Tarin ɗakin karatu na kiɗa, wanda yanzu yake cikin ɗakin karatu na Reid, ya haɗa da maki, yin bugu na ayyukan kiɗa, rikodin sauti, DVD/bidiyo, littattafan tunani, da mujallu na ilimi.

## Gine-gine

### Laburaren Reid

An sanya wa ɗakin karatu na Reid suna bayan Sir Alexander Reid (Chancellor na UWA 1956–1968), an buɗe ƙofofinsa ga masu karatu a watan Fabrairun 1964, inda aka buɗe shi a hukumance a watan Mayun 1964. Ginin ya buɗe ga jama'a, inda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Tagulla ta Cibiyar Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) ta 1964 kuma an ɗauke shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin gine-ginen jami'a mafi kyau a Ostiraliya.

### Laburare na J Robin Warren
Laburaren J Robin Warren (wanda a da aka fi sani da Laburaren Likitanci da Hakora) yana kan titin Monash kusa da Cibiyar Lafiyar Baka ta Yammacin Ostiraliya da Cibiyar Lafiya ta Sarauniya Elizabeth II. Buɗe ɗakin karatu a ƙarshen 2001 ya haɗa tarin kayan da aka tattara daga Laburaren Likitanci a wurin Asibitin Sarauniya Elizabeth II da Laburaren Likitanci da ke cikin Asibitin Hakora na Perth. A lokacin da Sir Ronald Wilson ya buɗe shi a hukumance a watan Afrilun 2002, an amince da shi a matsayin babban tarin kayan likita da haƙori a Yammacin Ostiraliya. &#x5B; ** &#x5D; An sanya wa ɗakin karatun suna ne bayan Farfesa (John) Robin Warren, wanda ya karɓi kyautar Nobel ta Medicine tare da Farfesa Barry J Marshall, a shekarar 2005 saboda gano cewa ƙwayoyin cuta Helicobacter pylori ne ke haifar da gyambon ciki.

## Manazarta
Jam'iyyar Campus

**Jam'iyyar Campus** Party (**CP**) taro ne da hackathon. An yi shi a cikin 1997 a matsayin bikin fasaha da LAN party, an fara gudanar da taron ne a Málaga, Spain, kuma tun daga lokacin an gudanar da shi a Argentina, Brazil, Kanada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Jamus, Italiya, Mexico, Paraguay, Singapore, Spain, Netherlands, Uruguay da Amurka.

Wannan taron ya samo asali ne a cikin shekara-shekara na mako-mako, 24-awa bikin da ya shafi Al'ummomin kan layi, 'yan wasa, masu shirye-shirye, masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo, gwamnatoci, jami'o'i, kamfanoni da dalibai  kuma yana rufe fasahar fasaha da nishaɗin lantarki, tare da jaddada software kyauta, shirye-shiryen, astronomy, kafofin sada zumunta, caca, Fasahar kore, robotics, cibiyoyin tsaro da ƙirar kwamfuta.

## Tarihi
A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1996 EnRED, kungiyar matasa ta Spain, ta so ta sami karamin Jam'iyyar LAN mai zaman kanta da aka gudanar a Cibiyar Matasa ta Benalmádena a Andalusia, Spain. Paco Regageles, darektan Channel 100 a lokacin, ya ba da shawarar fadada taron, *Ruwa* ya inganta shi a matsayin jam'iyyar LAN a ƙarƙashin sunan asali, "Ben-Al Party" dangane da wurin taron a Benalmádena.

A watan Afrilun 1998 aka gudanar da Jam'iyyar Ben-Al ta biyu, inda ta jawo hankalin mahalarta taron sau 5 da kuma kafofin watsa labarai na ƙasa ga taron.  *EnRED* ta yi watsi da aikin yayin da yake ƙaruwa, kuma a watan Afrilun 1999 Paco Regageles tare da Belinda Galiano, Yolanda Rueda, Charles Pinto, Pablo Antón , Juanma Moreno  da kuma Rafa Revert  ya kafa ƙungiyar agaji mai zaman kanta E3 Futura, da babban burin sa fasahar zamani ta kowace fuska ta fi sauƙi ga al'umma. Associación E3 Futura ta kafa Futura Networks don shirya bukukuwan Jam'iyyar Campus, Jami'ar bazara ta Campus IT da kuma ƙungiyar haɗa dijital ta Cibervoluntariado.

## Abun ciki da mayar da hankali

### Wani abu mafi kyau
Wani abu mafi kyau wani shiri ne da aka sanar a ranar 17 ga Janairu, 2011, a Campus Party Brazil ta hanyar co-kafa CP Paco Ragageles da José María Álvarez-Pallete, Shugaban Telefónica Latin America. Manufofinta shine inganta ra'ayin cewa "Intanet ba cibiyar sadarwa ce ta kwamfutoci ba, amma cibiyar sadarwa ta mutane" da kuma karfafa amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa da kyau. Paco Ragageles ya ce sabon shirin yana da niyyar fara motsi na alhakin jama'a da zamantakewa a yanar gizo wanda ke inganta kirkire-kirkire da haɗin gwiwa, kuma yana magance batutuwan da aka saba da su kamar sirrin Intanet, satar bayanai, spam da cin zarafin yanar gizo. Ɗaya daga cikin manufofin da aka ruwaito na Something Better shine ƙirƙirar shirin ilimi na amfani da Intanet ta hanyar Ma'aikatar Ilimi a duniya.

## Manazarta
Mohamed Abd-el-Kader Salem

**Mohamed Abdel Kader Salem** (Arabic; an haife shi a ranar 23 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1948) masanin kimiyya ne kuma ɗan siyasa na Masar. Shi ne tsohon Ministan Sadarwa da Fasahar Bayanai na Masar . 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Mohamed Salem yana da Ph.D. da M.Sc. a cikin injiniyoyin injiniya na lantarki da injiniyan tsarin, daga Kwalejin Injiniya Ain Shams University, da B.Sc. a cikin injiniyan lantarki daga Kwalejin Fasaha ta Soja.

## Ayyukan sana'a
Salem ya yi ritaya daga Sojoji a watan Yunin 1993 a matsayin brigadier general. Ya shiga Cibiyar Fasahar Bayanai ta ITI  a watan Yulin wannan shekarar a matsayin manajan sabon sashen digiri. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan an ɗaukaka shi zuwa Mataimakin Shugaban ITI, kuma shugaban a watan Yulin 2002.

A ranar 21 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2011, an rantsar da shi a matsayin Ministan Sadarwa da Fasahar Bayanai na 4 na Masar, memba na majalisar ministocin Essam Sharaf . A ranar 7 ga watan Disamba a wannan shekarar, Ya rantsar da rantsuwarsa ta biyu a matsayin Ministan Sadarwa da Fasahar Bayanai a Misira, Dokta Kamal Al Ganzory. 

Salem ya jagoranci kokarin zabar Masar don jagorantar ofishin zartarwa na ministocin sadarwa da fasahar bayanai na Larabawa, Ya jagoranci ofishin a watan Yunin 2012.

A matsayinta na ministan sadarwa da fasahar bayanai Salem ta jagoranci allon Hukumar Kula da Sadarwa ta Kasa (NTRA), Hukumar Kula da Masana'antar Fasahar Bayanai (ITIDA), Cibiyar Sadarwa Ta Kasa (NTI), Cibiyar Fasahar Fasahar (ITI), Cibiyar Innovation da Kasuwanci (TIEC), kuma ta kula da Telecom Egypt (TE) da Egypt Post.

## Nasarorin sana'a
Jagorantarwa da gudanar da bangaren sadarwa da fasahar bayanai a Misira a daya daga cikin lokutan da suka fi wuya a tarihin Masar, kuma tare da dukkan matsaloli da matsaloli, bangaren ya yi nasarar bayar da dabarun kasa don Sadarwa da Fasahar Bayanai na 2012-2017, ya ƙaddamar da shirin "Arab Digital Content" - "Connect Arab Summit 2012",  Maris 2012, yana karfafa aikin (Masuwar Larabawa mai zurfi ga Masar), ƙaddamar da sashen musamman don ƙaddamar da wannan taron na Musamman na Musamman (Masuwanci na Musamman don ƙaddamarwa na Musamman Matasawar Jama'auki na Musamman) 

## Ayyukan ilimi
Fiye da shekaru 30, Salem ya kasance malami ne na injiniyan kwamfuta, tsarin bayanai da kimiyyar kwamfuta a fannonin fasaha na wucin gadi da tsarin kwararru, injiniyan software, tsarin bayanai na gudanarwa, gudanar da aikin software, tsarin tallafin yanke shawara da kasuwancin lantarki, a Jami'ar Alkahira, Kwalejin Larabawa don Kimiyya da Fasaha, da sauransu da yawa. A matsayinsa na mai ba da shawara Ya yi aiki a fannonin kwamfutoci da tsarin bayanai, fasahar bayanai da aikace-aikacen fasaha na wucin gadi.

## Shawarar
Salem a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin babban mai ba da shawara kan sadarwa da fasahar bayanai ga kungiyoyin yanki da na duniya.

Salem har yanzu yana yin mahimman jawabai a taron kasa da kasa da kuma webinars. Har ila yau, har yanzu yana ba da lacca a cikin bita, jami'o'i, kungiyoyin kasa da kasa a fagen sadarwa da fasahar bayanai.

## Manazarta
Ahmed Asmat Abdel-Meguid

**Ahmed Asmat Abdel-Meguid** (Arabic) ya kasance jami'in diflomasiyyar Masar. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Waje na Masar tsakanin 1984 da 1991, kuma a matsayin Sakatare Janar na Ƙungiyar Larabawa daga 1991 har zuwa 2001.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife shi a Alexandria a watan Maris na shekara ta 1923,  Abdel Meguid ya sami digiri na shari'a daga Jami'ar Alexandria a shekara ta 1944 kafin ya ci gaba da samun digiri na biyu na shari'ar kasa da kasa daga Jami'an Paris a shekara ta 1947.  Ya shiga ma'aikatar harkokin waje ta Masar a 1950 kuma ya yi aiki a sassan da yawa, musamman sassan Burtaniya da Faransa. A shekara ta 1967 an nada shi a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar Bayanai ta Jiha, mukamin da ya rike na shekara guda. Ya zama jakadan Faransa a shekarar 1970, mataimakin ministan harkokin waje a shekarar 1970, kuma babban wakilin Masar a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a shekarar 1972. Ya yi aiki a wannan mukamin har zuwa 1983, sannan ya kasance ministan harkokin waje daga 1984 zuwa 1991, lokacin da aka zabe shi babban sakatare na Ƙungiyar Larabawa.

Ya mutu a Alkahira a ranar 21 ga Disamba 2013, yana da shekaru 90. 

## manazarta
Tareq Baconi

**Tareq Baconi** marubuci ne ɗan ƙasar Birtaniya kuma tsohon mai ba da shawara kan harkokin gudanarwa  . Shi ne marubucin littafin *Hamas Contained* (2018), nazarin ƙungiyoyin adawa da Falasɗinawa, da kuma *Fire in Every Direction* (2025), wani littafi na tarihi na "asali na ƙabila, tarihin iyali, da kuma farkawar siyasa". 

Baconi jikan 'yan gudun hijirar Falasɗinu ne kuma ya girma a Amman da Beirut.  Baconi ya kammala digiri na injiniyan sinadarai na shekaru 4 a Kwalejin Imperial, London , digiri na biyu a fannin Falsafa (MPhil) a Hulɗar Ƙasa da Ƙasa a Jami'ar Cambridge da kuma digiri na uku a Kwalejin King's London.  Baconi ɗan ƙasar Birtaniya ne. 

Baconi ya yi aiki a fannin makamashi na tsawon shekaru takwas, ciki har da mai ba da shawara kan harkokin gudanarwa a Navigant  sannan daga baya ya kasance ma'aikaci mai ziyara a Majalisar Tarayyar Turai kan Harkokin Waje na tsawon lokacin da aka sani da shekarar 2017  "inda ya mayar da hankali kan siyasar albarkatun ƙasa a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka."  

Daga shekarun 2016 zuwa 2017, Baconi ya kasance ma'aikaci a Al-Shabaka, The Palestine Policy Network,  kuma tun daga shekarar 2025 shine shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa na Al-Shabaka, matsayin da ya ɗauka a shekarar 2021, inda ya maye gurbin Nadia Hijab.  Shi ma babban mai sharhi ne a ƙungiyar International Crisis Group da ke Ramallah. 

Littafin Baconi mai *suna Hamas Contained: The Rise and Pacification of Palestine Resistance* an buga shi ne ta Stanford UP a shekarar 2018;  wani mai sharhi ya yaba da "binciken da aka yi cikin tsanaki" na wallafe-wallafen Hamas da adabin sakandare a cikin Larabci.  Littafin "ya binciki ci gaban da ke cikin akidar Hamas da siyasarta tun daga farkonta har zuwa ci gabanta a yankin Gaza".  Ga Majalisar Turai kan Hulɗa da Ƙasashen Waje, ya rubuta rahotanni kan rawar da Gabashin Bahar Rum zai iya takawa a rarraba makamashi (2017)  da kuma illolin siyasa na ƙarancin ruwa a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka (2018). 

Littafin tarihin rayuwarsa mai suna *Fire in Every Direction* an buga shi a shekarar 2025.  *Sceptre* ya sami haƙƙin mallakar Birtaniya, yayin da haƙƙin Amurka ya koma ga Atria Books.  An bayyana littafin a matsayin "labarin da ya zo daidai lokacin da aka fara tashin hankali da ƙaura, a matsayin jikan 'yan gudun hijirar Falasɗinawa da ke girma tsakanin Lebanon da Jordan". Wannan batu ne na yaƙin neman zaɓe tsakanin mawallafa daban-daban. Littafin tarihin ya nuna "tsara uku na ƙaura", wanda ya fara da kakarsa da ke tserewa daga Nakba, da kuma kawar da iyalinsa a Lebanon, da kuma rayuwarsa, tun yana ƙarami a Amman inda ya ƙaunaci yaron maƙwabcinsa ta hanyar karatunsa na kwaleji a Landan.

## Littattafan tarihi

* *Hamas Contained: The Rise and Pacification of Palestinian Resistance (2018)*
* *Fire in Every Direction (2025)*

## Manazarta
Ahmed Abboud Pasha

**Mohamed Ahmed Abboud Pasha** (Arabic) (1889-1963) ya kasance fitaccen masanin masana'antu na Masar, injiniya kuma mai saka hannun jari. Abboud Pasha ya yi kansa, daga ƙarshe ya tashi zuwa wadata mai yawa kuma, a cikin shekarun 1950, an dauke shi a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan mutane 10 masu arziki a duniya.

## Shekaru na farko
An haife shi a ranar 2 ga Mayu 1889 ga dangin matsakaicin matsayi a Alkahira kuma mahaifiyarsa, Labiba, ta haife shi, Abboud Pasha ya yi fice a makaranta, daga ƙarshe ya sami tallafin karatu na Ottoman kuma ya zaɓi ya yi karatun Injiniya da Gina Jirgin Ruwa a Jami'ar Glasgow a 1905. A matsayin wani ɓangare na sharuddan karatunsa, ya yi aiki a kan fadada cibiyar sadarwa ta Hejaz Railway a Iraki da Falasdinu, da kuma ayyukan ban ruwa daban-daban a kan Yufiretis.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Yayinda yake karatu a Glasgow ya sadu da matarsa ta gaba Jemima, 'yar dangin Presbyterian na Scotland. A fuskar adawar iyalinta ga aurensu, daga baya suka tsere zuwa Constantinople, inda Abboud Pasha ya kasance a karkashin sharuddan karatun sa daga 1912. A cikin 1923 ma'auratan sun yi bikin haihuwar ɗansu guda ɗaya, Mona, a Alexandria.

## Ayyukan kasuwanci
A ƙarshen WW1, Ahmed Abboud ya sami isasshen ƙarfi don kafa kansa da kansa kuma ya koma Masar. Ya kirkiro kamfanin gine-gine da dredging a 1924, wanda da farko ya mayar da hankali kan aikin kwangila a kan ayyukan da gwamnati ke tallafawa kamar haɓaka da faɗaɗa madatsar ruwan Aswan da kuma Fouadeya Irrigation Canal .   Daga nan sai ya ci gaba da kafa Kamfanin Janar Omnibus na Masar tare da tashinsa a Shubra, Alkahira.  

A shekara ta 1926 ya shiga siyasa a matsayin dan majalisa na Jam'iyyar Wafd na 'Markaz Atfih' Kudancin Alkahira .  Ya yi kira ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Liberal tare da buƙatar dawo da masana'antar Masar ga hannun Masar - kamar yadda ikon Turai suka kwace a cikin shekarun da suka gabata maimakon basussukan da Khedive Ismail ya samu. A cikin wannan shekarar ya kafa jaridar yau da kullun, Al Kashaf, don gabatar da waɗannan ra'ayoyin a ko'ina. Editan farko na jaridar shine Abdul Rahman Pasha Azzam, wanda daga baya ya kafa Ƙungiyar Larabawa a tsakiyar shekarun 1940.

A shekara ta 1931, Sarki Fouad ya ba Ahmed Abboud taken Pasha kuma an nada shi a majalisar dokoki mafi girma. A shekara ta 1934, Abboud Pasha ya sami 6400 feddans (acres) na filayen sukari daga bukatun Belgium a Armant, kudancin Luxor, da kuma masana'antun sukari guda biyu da ke Naga Hamadi da Kom Ombo - irin wannan ta WW2 ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan masana'antun shuga da masu fitarwa a duniya.
## manazarta
Izabella Teixeira

**Izabella Mônica Vieira Teixeira** (an haife ta 9 ga Oktoba 1961) ita ce Ministan Muhalli na Brazil. Ita ce mai karɓar Kyautar Rayuwa (Champions of the Earth) a shekarar 2013.

## Ilimi
An haife ta ne a Brasília, kuma tana da digiri na biyu a cikin tsarin makamashi da Ph.D. a cikin Tsarin muhalli daga COPPE / UFRJ (Jami'ar Tarayya ta Rio de Janeiro). 

## Farkon aiki
A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2010 an nada ta Ministan Muhalli, kuma, a watan Janairun shekara ta 2011 Dilma Rousseff, sabon shugaban Brazil ta sake nada ta a matsayin.

## Ministan Muhalli
A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2010 Teixeira ta yi wata sanarwa a madadin Brazil a taron 10th kan Yarjejeniyar Biological Diversity a Nagoya, Japan, inda ta bayyana ra'ayin Brazil cewa lokacin magana ya tsaya kuma ana iya buƙatar sulhu tsakanin kasashe daban-daban don cimma matsaya.  Ta kuma yi magana a Taron Canjin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2010 a Cancún, Mexico . 

A gida a Brazil, ta samu nasarar karbar bakuncin Rio+20 (Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Ci Gaban Ci Gaban) da Ranar Muhalli ta Duniya ta 2012. 

A ranar 24 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 2012, Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Ban Ki-moon ya nada Teixeira don aiki a kan Babban Kwamitin Manyan Mutane a kan Shirin Ci Gaban Post-2015.

## Manazarta
Mohammed-Sani Abdulai

**Mohammed-Sani Abdulai** malamin Ghana ne kuma ƙwararren ɗan IT. A halin yanzu shi ne shugaban Kwalejin Jami'ar Lakeside.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Abdulai a ranar 2 ga Mayu 1956 a Yendi a Yankin Arewacin Ghana . Mahaifinsa Abdulai Adam ya kasance vulcanizer a Tamale kuma mahaifiyarsa Martha Sandow karamar 'yar kasuwa ce.

Abdulai ya sami shiga makarantar sakandare ta gwamnati a lokacin (yanzu Tamale Senior High School) a shekarar 1969 don samun cancantar SC / GCE Ordinary-Level, wanda ya kammala a shekarar 1974, yana ci gaba da karatun Kimiyya. Daga baya ya ci gaba da bin shirinsa na GCE Advanced-Level a Makarantar Sakandare ta Bawku, inda ya kammala a 1976 kuma ya sami takardar shaidarsa ta GCE Advanced a cikin Lissafi, Physics, Tattalin Arziki da Babban Takarda. 

## Ayyuka
Abdulai ya yi aiki a kwamitoci da kwamitoci daban-daban da suka shafi ICT a Ghana, gami da Manufofin ICT da Shirye-shiryen Kasa da Hukumar Sadarwa ta Kasa. Ya zuwa watan Agustan 2017, ya kasance shugaban kwamitin Hukumar Fasahar Bayanai ta Kasa,  memba na kwamitin a Hukumar Kare Muhalli,  memba na kwangila da mai ba da shawara na ICT a Ghana Interbank Payment and Settlement System,  mataimakin shugaban kwamitin amintattu a reshen Ghana na Intanet Society,  kuma shugaban ƙungiyar gudanarwa ta Kungiyar Fasahar Ghana.

Ya ɗauki matsayi na lacca tsakanin 1994 da 2007 a Jami'ar Ghana, Kwalejin Bankin Kasa, GIMPA da Jami'ar Ashesi.

Abinda Abdulai ke sha'awar ya shafi bincike na bayar da shawarwari game da kalubalen ci gaban fasaha a Afirka. Tsakanin 2007 da 2012, ya kasance Darakta na Bincike, Innovation da Ci gaba a Cibiyar Kofi Annan ta Ghana-India a ICT. Ya kasance mai kula da Binciken Cibiyoyi, Innovation da Ci gaba a cibiyoyi biyu a Ghana: Cibiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Madina da Jami'ar Nazarin Kwararru. Ya kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Bayanai ta Afirka a cikin 2015 a matsayin cibiyar ba da shawara wacce ke mai da hankali kan amfani da ilimin lissafi don hanzarta ci gaban nahiyar Afirka.

## Manazarta
Josh Ryan Evans

**Joshua Ryan Evans** (10 ga Janairu, 1982 - 5 ga Agusta, 2002) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Amurka wanda aka san shi da rawar da ya taka na Timmy Lenox a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na sabulu Passions . Evans yana da shekaru 17 zuwa 20 a lokacin da yake aiki a kan Passions, amma yana da bayyanar da muryar ƙaramin yaro saboda achondroplasia, wani nau'i na dwarfism. Yana da tsayi  feet 2.

## Rayuwa ta farko da aiki
An haife shi a Hayward, California, Evans ya fara aikinsa yana da shekaru goma sha biyu, yana bayyana a cikin tallace-tallace na talabijin daban-daban. Ya fara fim dinsa na farko yana nuna jariri a cikin Baby Geniuses a shekarar 1999. A shekara mai zuwa ya taka rawar saurayi Grinch (halayyar Jim Carrey) a cikin How the Grinch Stole Christmas . Ya kuma bayyana a matsayin Janar Tom Thumb a cikin fim din A&E na asali *P.T. Barnum* . Evans kuma yana da wuraren baƙi a kan *[[Ally McBeal]]*, 7th Heaven, da Poltergeist: The Legacy.

A cikin 1999, Evans ya fara nuna Timmy a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na sabulu Passions . Halin Evans ɗan tsana ne wanda mugun maƙaryaci Tabitha Lenox ya kawo rayuwa tare da sihiri. Don aikinsa a kan jerin, an zabi shi don lambar yabo ta Daytime Emmy a shekara ta 2000 kuma ya lashe lambar yabo ta Soap Opera Digest sau biyu a shekara ta 2000.

Halin Timmy an yi niyyar zama mala'ika kuma ya kasance a cikin wasan kwaikwayon, amma dole ne a sake rubuta labarin bayan mutuwar Evans.

## Mutuwa
A ranar 5 ga watan Agusta, 2002, Evans ya mutu yayin da ake yin tiyata don gyara yanayin zuciya. An ƙone shi kuma an binne tokarsa a Forest Lawn Memorial Park a Hollywood Hills. A ranar mutuwarsa, halinsa Timmy a kan Passions ma ya mutu kuma an watsa shi a wannan rana.

## Hotunan fina-finai

## Manazarta
Rashin ruwan Aljeriya

Gidan ruwan Aljeriya (Faransa Barrage vert) yana nufin wani aikin da aka fara a Aljeriya a cikin shekarun 1960 don dasa miliyoyin bishiyoyi don dakatar da hamada, musamman don hana ci gaban arewacin hamadar Sahara.

Aikin ya ci gaba kuma ya samo asali a cikin 1970s, 80s, 90s, da kuma cikin 2000s. Shingen kore yana cikin yankin pre-Saharan a Aljeriya. Ya shimfiɗa tsakanin iyakar Maroko a Yamma zuwa iyakar Tunisia a Gabas, yana rufe jimlar nisan kusan kilomita 1000. 

Faɗin shingen ya kasance daga kimanin kilomita 20 tsakanin isohyets na 300 mm a Arewa da 200 mm a Kudancin Aljeriya. Manufar aikin ita ce dawo da girman gandun daji da ke akwai don dakatar da fadada yashi. An dasa nau'ikan ciyayi guda biyu: Aleppo pine, wanda ke girma cikin sauƙi a wannan yankin, da Alfa.

## Tarihi
Hadarin hamada yana barazanar yankuna masu bushewa da semi-arid a duk duniya. Girman yawan jama'a, birane, karuwa a yankunan da aka noma, wuce gona da iri, da kuma sare daji da ke kara tasirin canjin yanayi suna kara matsalolin. Rufin ciyawa na Alfa ya ragu yayin da ingancin ciyawa kanta ke kara lalacewa. A cewar UNCCD, fari da ayyukan ɗan adam, galibi yawan kiwo, sune manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da hamada (Le Houérou, 1996 ).

## Dalilan hamada

Tsarin sare daji da hamada ya haifar da rikici.

### Amfani da ƙasa
Tun a farkon 1866, mazauna Faransa suna gunaguni ga Gwamnatin Faransa game da ƙonewar da 'yan asalin Aljeriya da ke adawa da mulkin Faransa suka yi. Wannan hangen nesa ya samo asali ne daga wani asali mai zurfi wanda ya samo asali daga tunanin haskakawa da kuma shaidar lalacewar muhalli a cikin yankuna kuma a lokacin juyin juya halin Faransa, masu kiyayewa na farko sun yi imanin cewa kiwo na Bahar Rum ya haifar da barazanar muhalli ta gaske. Sun zargi makiyaya da sare daji da kuma tasirin muhalli da zamantakewa. 

A farkon karni na sha tara, damuwa game da sare daji an iyakance shi ga wasu muryoyi daban-daban, kuma an magance shi a cikin dokoki da ba a aiwatar da su ba. Koyaya, wannan hangen nesa na muhalli nan da nan ya haɗu da dakarun da ke da nuna bambanci na siyasa, zamantakewa, da al'adu game da kiwo don ƙirƙirar ƙungiyar adawa da kiwo.

### Canjin yanayi
Duk da haka wani dalili, sau da yawa ana ambaton shi kwanan nan, shine canjin yanayi. 

"Ko da yake Aljeriya ta sami raguwar ruwan sama a hankali tun 1975, yawan ambaliyar ruwa ya karu, wanda ya haifar da karuwar farashi da lalacewa.

A cewar PreventionWeb, Aljeriya ta kasance a matsayi na 18 daga cikin 184 na kasashe da suka fi fuskantar fari. An kiyasta 3,763,800 (kimanin 10%) na yawan jama'arta suna fuskantar fari.

Aljeriya ta fuskanci rikodin zafi a watan Yunin 2003, tare da yanayin zafi sama da 40 ° C na kwanaki 20 a jere wanda ya haifar da kimanin mutuwar 40. Irin waɗannan abubuwan ana sa ran su karu a cikin yanayin zafi."

## Manazarta
Mohamed M. Abou El Enein

**Mohamed M. Abou El Enein** (Arabic; an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Satumba, 1951) ɗan kasuwa ne na Masar, mai saka hannun jari, ɗan jama'a kuma ɗan siyasa. Shi ne shugaban kuma wanda ya kafa kungiyar Cleopatra  kuma shugaban Ceramica Cleopatra FC. 

Ya kasance memba Dan majalisa sama da shekaru 15, daga 1995 zuwa 2011, an zaba shi a matsayin Shugaban kwamitoci da yawa kuma a matsayin wakilin majalisun kasa da kasa da yawa. A halin yanzu, yana aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Kakakin Majalisar Wakilai. An ba shi lambar yabo ta International Social Commitment Award a shekarar 2018.

## Alamar
Abou El Enein ya kafa kungiyar Cleopatra a shekarar 1983. A lokacin, ya fara da masana'antar yumbu. Daga baya, kasuwancin ta sun hada da noma, fasaha, yawon bude ido, da jirgin sama (Abou El Enein kuma matukin jirgi ne ). Mohamed Abou El Enein ya fara aikin kasuwanci a cinikin kasa da kasa tsakanin Turai da Masar a shekarar 1973. A shekara ta 1983, ya kafa masana'antarsa ta farko a ranar 10 ga Ramadan City, tana kera yumbu.

Ya kafa wuraren shakatawa da otal-otal masu yawa a Sharm el-Sheikh, Makadi Bay,  Marsa Alam, da Taba. Cleopatra ta sami kamfanin yawon bude ido na Jamus, Aldiana, tare da Otal din Club goma da aka yada a kasashe 6 daban-daban (Tunisiya, Spain, Austria, Turkiyya, Cyprus, da Girka). Abou El Enein ya sayar da alamar Cleopatra tare da Cleopatra Luxury Hotels & Resorts  (yawan wuraren shakatawa na alatu a Sharm el-Sheikh,  Hurgada, Taba, da Mersa Matruh) da Cleoparra Media don Tashoshin TV, da sauransu.

Ci gaban dukiyar Abou El Enein ya kasance a kan Cleopatra Square a cikin 6th na Oktoba City (wanda ya ƙunshi mãkirci 117) da Cleopatra Palace a Shorouk City (wani fili da ke sama da 2,000 m2 kuma ya haɗa da birane masu hawa biyu da gine-ginen zama 16). 

## Ayyukan siyasa
Abou El Enein ya kasance memba na Majalisar Jama'a tun 1995. A shekara ta 2001, ya kafa wata kungiya, kungiyar Abou El Enein don Ayyukan Jama'a da sadaka.

A shekara ta 2005, an zabe shi "Shugaba na Kwamitin Gidaje, Ayyukan Jama'a da Gine-gine" (2000-2005), sannan "Shugaban Kwamitin Masana'antu da Makamashi" (2005-2011). An zabi Abou El Enein a shekara ta 2010 a matsayin Shugaban Majalisar Dokokin Bahar Rum (PAM), wanda ke zaune a Malta. Majalisar Dokokin Bahar Rum (PAM) ta zaba shi ya zama "Ambassador mai tayar da hankali",  da kuma "Wakili na Dindindin ga League of Arab States".

## manazarta
Mohammed Hassan El-Zayyat

**Mohammed Hassan El-Zayyat** (14 ga Fabrairu 1915 - 25 ga Fabrairun 1993) ya kasance jami'in diflomasiyyar Masar kuma Ministan Harkokin Waje . 

El-Zayyat ya yi aiki a matsayin Wakilin Dindindin na Masar a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya daga 1960 zuwa 1964 kuma daga 1969 zuwa 1972. A cikin 1964-1965 ya yi aiki a matsayin Jakadan Masar a Indiya. A shekara ta 1972 ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Bayanai na ɗan lokaci. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Waje daga 8 ga Satumba 1972 zuwa 31 ga Oktoba 1973. https://www.nytimes.com/1993/02/25/obituaries/mohammed-el-zayyat-former-egyptian-envoy-78.html

## Hanyoyin hadi na waj3

* Jerin Ministocin Harkokin Waje na Masar 
* Labarin mutuwarsa na New York Times
* Labarin New York Times da aka adana
Hassan Allam

**Hassan Mohammed Allam** (1903 - 3 Janairu 1976) ya kasance daya daga cikin masu gabatarwa na gine-gine na zamani a Misira .

## Rayuwa ta farko da aiki
An haifi Hassan Allam a Port Said kuma daga baya ya koma garin Al Minya na Upper Egypt tare da iyalinsa. Mahaifinsa yana da karamin shago wanda ke sayar da kayan gini ciki har da tiles da yumbu da aka shigo da su daga Biritaniya. Allam ya halarci makarantar firamare amma bai ci gaba da karatunsa ba, ya shiga kasuwancin mahaifinsa a maimakon haka.

A shekara ta 1924 yana da shekaru 19, ya yi hijira zuwa Alkahira inda ya kafa ƙaramin ƙungiyar kwangila ta al'ada. A shekara ta 1936, ya kafa Hassan Mohammed Allam & Co. don Janar Contracting - kamfani mai iyakantaccen haɗin gwiwa. Duk da cewa bai sami ilimi na yau da kullun a fagen gini ba, kwarewarsa ta gudanarwa da fasaha sun kasance masu yawa. Ya kuma shahara sosai tare da ma'aikatan gine-gine da injiniyoyi.

## Babban kwangila na farko
A cikin 1938, Sarki Farouk yana kan hanyarsa zuwa Ismailiya" id="mwIQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ismalia">Ismaliya lokacin da ya ji rauni a hatsarin mota kuma an kai shi ƙauyen Kassassin da ke kusa don a kula da shi a wani karamin asibiti. A sakamakon abin da ya faru, Sarki ya ba da umarnin cewa a gina asibiti a yankin. Hassan Allam ta haka ya sauka da babban kwangilarsa ta farko kuma an gina asibitin El Kassaseen a kan hanyar noma ta Alkahira zuwa Ismailia. Sauran kwangila na farko sun haɗa da asibitin Mebara a Port Said, Tashar wutar lantarki a Damanhur, da kuma kamfanin mai na farko na Masar a Suez. Kamfanin sa ya fara yin gasa sosai tare da El Abd Pasha, Ahmad Bakir (mai kwangila na hanya) da Ali Ibrahim Pasha (wanda aikinsa ya haɗa da Ginin Talabijin da Ofishin Tahrir a Alkahira). Daga ƙarshe kamfanin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma a fagen gini a ƙasar tare da Osman Ahmed Osman's Arab Contractors Co.

## Wani mai goyon bayan Anwar el-Sadat da bai sani ba
Allam ba tare da saninsa ba ya kare Sadat" id="mwLw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Anwar el-Sadat">Anwar el-Sadat a farkon shekarunsa. A cikin shekarun 1940, Sadat a kokarin guje wa Tsanantawa ta siyasa, ya yi kama da direban mota kuma ya dauki aiki a kamfanin Hassan Allam. Sadat daga baya ya zama shugaban Masar na uku.

## Daidaitawa ga canjin siyasa a tsawon shekaru
Bayan juyin juya halin 1952, kamfanin ya ci gaba da bunƙasa kuma ya aiwatar da manyan hanyoyi da yawa kamar Ismalia-Al 'Arish, Suez-Marsa Alam, da Alexandria-Marsa Matruh. An kuma kammala ayyukan da yawa a Port Said wanda ya haɗa da babban coci da Masallaci. Kafin gina Babban Dam din Aswan, kamfanin yana da alhakin gina sabon al'umma ga Mutanen Nubian waɗanda ƙauyukansu ke cikin yankin da daga baya ya zama Tafkin Nasser.

A shekara ta 1961, kamfanin ya zama kasa a karkashin sabbin manufofin gurguzu na Shugaba Gamal Abdel Nasser don zama Babban Yarjejeniyar Nasr - Hassan Mohammed Allam tare da Hassan Allam ya rasa mallakar kuma ya zama babban manajan sa.

## manazarta
Sribu

**Sribu.com** kasuwa ce ta kan layi ta Indonesia don ayyukan masu zaman kansu wanda ke haɗa kasuwanci tare da masu zaman kansu a duk faɗin kirkirar, tallace-tallace, da fasahar fasaha. An kafa shi a cikin 2011 kuma yana da hedkwata a Jakarta, kamfanin ya fara ne a matsayin kasuwar ƙira mai yawa kuma daga baya ya faɗaɗa ta hanyar Sribulancer, samfurin don aikin kai tsaye.

## Tarihi
Ryan Gondokusumo ne ya kafa Sribu a watan Satumbar 2011  a matsayin dandamali na tsara-crowdsourcing da ke ba da sabis ga kasuwancin Indonesiya. A watan Fabrairun 2012, kamfanin ya tara kudaden iri daga East Ventures  don hanzarta ci gabanta na farko.

A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2014, Sribu ta sami jerin jerin A daga kamfanin software na Japan Infoteria Corporation (daga baya aka sake masa suna Asteria Corporation), wanda ya sami kusan kashi 34.5 cikin dari na daidaitattun Sribu.

A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2017, CrowdWorks, Inc. - dandamali na jama'a na Japan - sun saka hannun jari da dabarun Sribu don karfafa fadada yankin zuwa kudu maso gabashin Asiya.

Don ba da sabis na buƙatun da suka fi dacewa da aikin fiye da gasa ta ƙira, Sribu ta ƙaddamar da Sribulancer  a cikin 2014-2015, yana faɗaɗa cikin ayyuka kamar ci gaban yanar gizo, rubutun abun ciki, fassara, da kuma gudanar da kafofin watsa labarai.

## Samfurin & Ayyuka

* Sribu (Contest & Managed Services): Asalin da aka ƙaddamar a matsayin dandalin gasa na ƙira, Sribu ya samo asali ne a cikin cikakken kasuwar dijital da ke ba da sabis na kasuwanci, gami da alama, gudanar da kafofin watsa labarai na zamantakewa, talla, da tallan dijital.
* Sribulancer (Project Marketplace): A baya yana aiki a matsayin dandamali daban don ɗaukar ma'aikata kai tsaye a kan aikin - kamar shirye-shirye, rubuce-rubucen abun ciki, ƙira, da fassara - An haɗa Sribulancher cikin Sribu.com a cikin 2023 don haɗa tsarin halittu mai zaman kansa a ƙarƙashin dandamali ɗaya.
* Models na Sabis (kamar yadda na 2025): Gasar Zane-zane: Kasuwanci na iya ƙaddamar da gasa mai ban sha'awa kuma su zaɓi mafi kyawun gabatarwar daga mahalarta da yawa. Kasuwar Mai Zaman Kanta (Ayyuka Masu Zaman Kanta): Abokan ciniki na iya ɗaukar ma'aikata kai tsaye don takamaiman ayyuka bisa ga bukatun su. JobPost / Project Posting: Kasuwanci na iya sanya cikakkun buƙatun aikin, kuma masu zaman kansu suna amfani da gasa don isar da aikin.
** Gasar Zane: Kasuwanci na iya ƙaddamar da gasa mai ban sha'awa kuma su zaɓi mafi kyawun gabatarwar daga mahalarta da yawa.
** Kasuwar Mai Zaman Kanta (Ayyuka Masu Zaman Kanta): Abokan ciniki na iya ɗaukar ma'aikata kai tsaye don takamaiman ayyuka bisa ga bukatun su.
** JobPost / Project Posting: Kasuwanci na iya sanya cikakkun buƙatun aikin, kuma masu zaman kansu suna amfani da gasa don isar da aikin.

## Kudade da mallaka

## Jagora
Ya zuwa 2025, jagorancin zartarwa na Sribu ya hada da:

* Ryan Gondokusumo - Wanda ya kafa kuma babban jami'in zartarwa (Shugaba) 
* Alexandro Endy Wibowo - Babban jami'in aiki (COO, tsohon CMO) 

Sauran matsayi na C-level (COO, CFO) ba a bayyana su a fili ba har zuwa 2025.

## Manazarta
Tharwat Bassily

**Tharwat Bassily** (14 ga Satumba 1940 - 5 ga Disamba 2017) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan Masar. Bassily ta kammala karatu daga Faculty of Pharmacy, Jami'ar Alkahira a shekarar 1967.  Ya kasance wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban kwamitin Amoun Pharmaceutical Company S.A.E., daya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin magunguna masu zaman kansu a Misira. Bassily ya kuma kasance mataimakin sakatare na majalisa mai tsarki na Cocin Orthodox na Coptic,  memba na Majalisar Shura, [2] kuma wanda ya kafa Coptic TV.[3][4]*.*

## Manazarta
Jiang Gaoming

**Jiang Gaoming** (simplified Chinese: 蒋高明; traditional Chinese: 蔣高明; pinyin: Jiǎng Gāomíng) is a professor and Ph.D. tutor at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Botany.

Ya kuma kasance mataimakin sakatare janar na Kwamitin UNESCO China-MAB (Mutum da Biosphere) kuma memba ne na UNESCO MAB Urban Group. An san shi da ra'ayoyinsa na "tsire-tsire na birni" da kuma ba da damar yanayin da ya lalace don murmurewa ta halitta.

## Ayyuka
Jiang ya sami digiri na farko a fannin Botany a Jami'ar Shandong a shekarar 1985,  da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin botany a Cibiyar Botany Academia Sinica a shekarar 1988.  Ya sami Phd a Botany a 1993. Ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Liverpool daga 1991 zuwa 1992. 

## Ayyuka
Jiang ya wallafa daruruwan labarai, takardu, da littattafai, mafi yawansu suna cikin Sinanci. Babban batutuwansa sun hada da ilimin muhalli na shuke-shuke da ilimin mujallar shuke-huke.  Ya wallafa labarai don chinadialogue, waɗanda suke samuwa a cikin Sinanci da Ingilishi.

## Matsayi

* Dabbobi masu mamayewa

A watan Yulin Jiang ya nemi gwamnati da ta kula da nau'o'in da suka mamaye, musamman a lokacin Wasannin Olympics.  Ya lura cewa tarurruka na kasa da kasa galibi suna damuwa da nau'o'in da ke mamayewa. Wannan na iya haifar da bala'o'in halittu kuma ya haifar da babbar asarar tattalin arziki. Misali, Ofishin Kula da dazuzzuka na Jiha ya ce a shekarar da ta gabata akwai fiye da nau'in halittu 290 a cikin ƙasar, wanda ya haifar da asarar yuan biliyan 56 (HK $ 63.79 biliyan) a shekara. 

## Manazarta
Hamdi Al Banbi

**Hamdi Al Banbi** (Arabic: حمدي علي عبد الوهاب البنبي) (1935–2016) was an Egyptian engineer, businessman and politician who served as oil minister from 1991 to 1999.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Banbi a ranar 7 ga watan Agusta shekara ta 1935.  Ya kammala karatu a Jami'ar Alkahira inda ya sami digiri a fannin injiniyan man fetur a shekarar 1959.  A shekara ta 1960 ya halarci Jami'ar Moscow kuma ya sami digiri na biyu na kimiyya a fannin tattalin arziki na injiniyan man fetur.  Ya sami digirinsa na PhD a fannin injiniyan man fetur daga Jami'ar Texas A&amp;amp;M a 1963.

## Ayyuka
Banbi injiniya ce ta hanyar horo. Bayan ya koma Masar ya fara aiki a Kamfanin Man Fetur na Gabas a matsayin injiniyan samarwa kuma ya yi aiki a can har zuwa 1966 lokacin da ya shiga bangaren injiniya a Jami'ar Al Azhar .  Daga 1968 Banbi ya yi aiki a Kamfanin Man Fetur na Yammacin Yamma (WEPCO) inda ya zama babban darakta na ayyukan. A shekara ta 1977 Banbi ya zama shugaban kamfanin man fetur na Gulf of Suez (GUPCO) kuma ya kasance a cikin mukamin har zuwa 1988 lokacin da aka nada shi a matsayin shugaban kamfanin man shafawa na Masar (EGPC) inda ya yi aiki har zuwa 1991.

An nada Banbi a matsayin ministan mai na Masar a ranar 20 ga Mayu 1991 kuma ya yi aiki a cikin majalisar ministocin da Firayim Minista Atef Sedki ke jagoranta. Banbi ya maye gurbin Abdel Hadi Kandil a matsayin ministan mai. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan nadinsa, Banbi ya canza farashin mai na Masar kuma, ya sake fasalin jami'ai a ma'aikatar.

Banbi ya kuma kasance memba na Jam'iyyar National Democratic Party (NDP) kuma ya lashe kujerar a Shebin El Kom, babban birnin lardin lardin Monufia, a cikin zaben Shura Council da aka gudanar a watan Yunin 1998. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin ministan mai a majalisar ministocin farko na Firayim Minista Kamal Ganzouri . Banbi ya kasance a ofis har zuwa 5 ga Oktoba 1999.  Sameh Fahmi ya gaji shi a matsayin ministan mai.

Bayan barin ofishin, Banbi ya zama mai kula da kwamitin makamashi na tattalin arziki da ikon samar da kasa a Misira. Ya kuma kasance shugaban kungiyar Larabawa don hakar ma'adinai da man fetur da kuma kungiyar gas ta Masar. Bugu da kari ya kasance memba na kwamitin ƙungiyar injiniya ta Masar. Banbi ya kafa TAQA Arabia a shekara ta 2006, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kamfanin.

## manazarta
Joseph Cattaui

**Joseph Aslan Cattaui** Pasha (20 Maris 1862 - 1942) ɗan kasuwa ne kuma ɗan siyasa na Masar, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban al'ummar Yahudawa na Alkahira daga 1924 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1942 . 

## Rayuwa da sana'a
An haifi Joseph Aslan Cattaui a Alkahira a ranar 20 ga Maris 1862, ta huɗu cikin 'ya'ya goma sha biyu na Aslan Menasce Cattaui Pasha da Grazia Benroubi .  Ya yi karatun injiniya a École Centrale Paris, ya kammala karatu tare da difloma a 1882.

Lokacin Da yawa dawo Masar, ya shiga Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a na ɗan lokaci, kafin ya tashi zuwa Moravia, inda ya horar da shi a masana'antar sukari. Komawa a Misira, ya zama abokin tarayya na Suarès Frères & Co., kuma ya ba da gudummawa don yin aiki a kan gina hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta Helwan, aikin ruwa a Tanta, Société des sucreries . A cikin 1904, ya kafa Kamfanin Wadi Kom Ombo, babban kamfani na noma da mallakar ƙasa, tare da haɗin gwiwar Suarès Frères, da Sir Ernest Cassel .  A cikin 1920, ya kafa Banque Misr, tare da Talaat Harb Pacha da sauransu, kuma ya shiga kwamitin daraktocinsa.

## Ayyukan siyasa
cikin 1912. A shekara ta 1913, an zabe shi a matsayin memba na majalisar dokoki, kuma ya ci gaba da aiki har zuwa lokacin da aka rushe majalisar a 1922. Shekara guda da ta gabata, an nada shi a cikin kwamiti mai mambobi 32 wanda ya yi aiki a kan tsara kundin tsarin mulkin Masar. A shekara ta 1924, an nada shi Ministan Kudi, kuma ya zama Ministan Sadarwa a shekara ta 1925. Daga 1927 har zuwa lokacin da ya janye daga siyasa a 1939, ya kasance memba na Majalisar Dattijan Masar. 

## Rayuwa ta mutum
'Yar Cattaui ta mutu daga zazzabin typhoid tana da shekaru 18 a ƙarshen Disamba, 1906.

## Manazarta
Cheryl Sew Yau

**Cheryl Sew Hoy** (née **Yeoh**; an haife ta a ranar 31 ga Mayu 1983) 'yar kasuwa ce, mai magana, kuma mai saka hannun jari na mala'ika, kuma mai kafawa da Shugaba na Tiny Health, kamfanin kiwon lafiya na Amurka wanda ke jagorantar gwajin microbiome ga iyalai.  A baya ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugaba mai kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Duniya da Creativity ta Malaysia (MaGIC),  wata hukuma mai tallafawa gwamnati wacce ke tallafawa kasuwanci a Malaysia da ASEAN.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haife ta kuma ta girma a Petaling Jaya, Malaysia, Yeoh ita ce 'yar farko ta Audrey Chan da Allen Yeoh. Ta sami cikakken tallafin karatu daga Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a ta Malaysia (JPA) don karatu a Amurka lokacin da take da shekaru 18.

Ta sami digiri na farko na Kimiyya a cikin bincike na aiki da injiniyan masana'antu daga Jami'ar Cornell (Ithaca, New York). A Cornell, an shigar da ita cikin kungiyar girmamawa ta sirri ta Sphinx Head. An san ta a Cornell, don kasancewa mai kula da Sage Chapel na tsawon shekaru hudu da kuma kokarin da ta yi na gabatar da ra'ayin labyrinth ga jami'ar don amfanin ilimin halayyar dalibai da lafiyar jiki. Daga baya ta sami tallafin Lester Knight don neman digiri na biyu a cikin aikin injiniya a Cornell.

## Ayyuka

### Aljihun Birni
A cikin shekara ta 2010, Sew Hoy da wanda ya kafa ta sun kafa CityPockets na farko, walat din dijital na farko da kuma kasuwar sakandare don kasuwanci na yau da kullun. CityPockets na daga cikin farawa bakwai da aka zaba don shiga cikin hanzari a Arewacin Carolina da ake kira LaunchBox Digital.

Ta zauna a cikin dakin zama na aboki na tsawon watanni 5 kuma ta sanya kanta a kan abinci na "kale da quinoa" don kula da kasafin kudin abinci na $ 35 a mako. Sew Hoy daga ƙarshe ya tara $ 770,000 daga masu zuba jari da masu saka hannun jari a New York a cikin 2011. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]

### Bayyanawa. Ya (wanda Walmart Labs ta samu)
Lokacin da sararin yarjejeniyar yau da kullun ya fara karfafawa,  Sew Hoy ya rufe CityPockets kuma ya juya kamfanin don ƙaddamar da Reclip. Ya kasance a cikin 2012.  Bayyanawa. Aikace-aikacen yin jerin abubuwan da ke nuna tallace-tallace na mako-mako da takardun dijital daga manyan shagunan sayar da kayayyaki kamar Walmart, Macy's, Walgreens, Target, BestBuy, Home Depot, CVS, da sauransu. Mujallar *[[InStyle]]* ce ta zaba shi a matsayin "2012 Mafi Kyawun Yanar Gizo," wanda aka ambata a matsayin kayan aiki na # 1 don Shop Smarter a kan Daily Tekk, kuma an nuna shi a kan TechCrunch, *[[Huffington Post]]*, Fast Company, *[[USA Today|Amurka A Yau]]*, Xconomy, da *Forbes*.

## Manazarta
Adam Met

**Adam Brett Met** ( né **Metzger**, an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Agusta, 1990)  mawaki ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka, masanin ilimi, kuma mai fafutukar kare muhalli .   An san shi da mai kunna bass kuma mawaki ne na ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta indie-pop AJR .   Met farfesa ne na gaba a Jami'ar Columbia . 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Met a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta, 1990, a Birnin New York. Ya halarci Jami'ar Columbia, inda ya sami digiri na farko a Kasuwanci da Falsafa a shekarar 2012. Daga baya ya sami digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar New York. A cikin 2021, ya kammala Ph.D. a cikin Dokar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya daga Jami'ar Birmingham.

## Ayyukan kiɗa
A shekara ta 2005, Met ya kafa ƙungiyar indie pop AJR tare da 'yan uwansa Jack da Ryan yayin da suke zaune a Chelsea, Manhattan. Wadannan uku sun fara yin wasan kwaikwayo kai tsaye a shekara ta 2006 ta hanyar yin wasan kwaikwayo a Central Park da Washington Square Park a Birnin New York.   Kungiyar ta fitar da waƙoƙi kamar "I'm Ready", "Weak", da "Bang!". **' AJR ta fitar da kundin kamar The Click (2017) da ''OK Orchestra'' (2021). Waƙoƙin su na 2018 "Burn the House Down" ya zama mai alaƙa da ƙungiyar Maris don Rayuwarmu.

== Yunkurin yanayi da manufofi ==
A cikin 2018, Met ta kafa Planet Reimagined, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke mai da hankali kan manufofin makamashi mai sabuntawa, yawon shakatawa na kiɗa mai ɗorewa, da kuma bayar da shawarwarin yanayin matasa. A lokacin ci gaban Dokar Rage Farashin Farashi, Met ta yi aiki tare da masu tsara manufofi kan cimma manufofin makamashi mai tsabta na jam'iyya biyu.

== Ayyukan marubuci ==

=== ''Ƙara'' ===
Amplify littafi ne na shekara ta 2025 wanda Met ya rubuta ***Ƙara*''' da jaridar Heather Landy. An buga shi a ranar 3 ga Yuni, 2025, littafin ya samo asali ne daga kwarewar Met ta farko da ke haɓaka masu sauraron AJR daga wasa a cikin ɗakunan zama zuwa sayar da wuraren wasa, daidaita waɗannan dabarun gina magoya baya ga yankin ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Met Bayahude ne, yana bayyana kansa a matsayin "al'adun Bayahude". Iyayensa sun sake aure yayin da yake yaro. Mahaifinsa shi ne Gary Metzger, masanin gine-gine wanda ya mutu a watan Yulin 2023.

Met da 'yan uwansa sun girma a Bayside, Queens, har sai sun koma Chelsea, Manhattan, a shekara ta 2001.

## Manazarta