RR Donnelley

**Kamfanin RR Donnelley & Sons** (wanda aka yi wa laƙabi da **RR Donnelley** ) ko **RRD** kamfani ne na sadarwa na Amurka wanda ke ba da tallatawa da sadarwa ta kasuwanci, bugu na kasuwanci, da ayyuka masu alaƙa. Hedkwatar kamfaninsa tana Chicago, Illinois, Amurka. A shekarar 2007, RR Donnelley ita ce babbar firintar kasuwanci a duniya.  A shekarar 2021, an kira ta da babbar firintar Arewacin Amurka. 

## Tarihi
### Tarihin farko
An kafa Kamfanin RR Donnelley & Sons a Chicago a shekarar 1864 ta hannun Richard Robert Donnelley. Ɗansa, Reuben H. Donnelley, ya kafa kamfanin da ba shi da alaƙa da wanda aka fi sani da RH Donnelley .  Richard Robert Donnelley ya kafa kamfaninsa a tsakiyar birnin Chicago, wanda a shekarar 1870 ya zama Kamfanin Bugawa da Bugawa na Lakeside. Gobarar Chicago ta 1871 ta lalata kasuwancin Donnelley, amma ta sake kafa ayyukanta cikin sauri bayan sake ginawa. Bayan jerin gyare-gyare da faɗaɗawa, Donnelley ya gina Ginin Ma'aikatan Labarai na Lakeside a Plymouth Court, kuma a shekarar 1902 ya fara gina Kamfanin RR Donnelley da Sons Co. Calumet Plant a kan titin 21st da Calumet Avenue. Kamfanin ya yi niyyar samar da littattafai da mujallu masu ban sha'awa tare da ƙira ta zamani mai ban sha'awa da kayan kasuwanci da aka buga da yawa. Lakeside Press ta samar da Encyclopædia Britannica, *[[Time (magazine)|Time Magazine]]*, *Life Magazine*, littattafan talla don Model T Ford, kasida don Sears Roebuck, da sauransu.  Kamfanin Press ya samar da bugu masu inganci na tattarawa don Chicago Caxton Club da Limited Editions Club . Donnelley shine firintar hukuma don bikin baje kolin duniya na 1933-1934, "Ƙarni na Ci Gaba ", wanda ya gudana a gefen tafkin Michigan a gabashin masana'antar. Kamfanin ya tsara kuma ya buga tikiti na hukuma, katunan gaisuwa, fosta, ƙasidu, da mujallu waɗanda ke nuna ƙirar zamani ta kamfanin. "  Daga ƙarshe kamfanin ya zama mai samar da ayyuka na bugawa da bugawa a duniya. [ 9 ] Daga 1922 zuwa 1945, Daraktan Zane da Rubuce-rubuce shine William A. Kittredge,  wanda ya ba da umarnin wasu masu fasaha da masu zane-zane da aka fi girmamawa, kamar Rudolph Ruzicka, Edward A. Wilson, da WA Dwiggins . [ 11 ]

### Yaƙin neman zaɓen Littattafai Huɗu na Amurka
Donnelley ya ƙaddamar da kamfen ɗin "Littattafai Huɗu na Amurka" a shekarar 1926 wanda ya ƙare da buga su a shekarar 1930. Manufar ita ce a tabbatar da cewa injunan kasuwanci na zamani na kamfanin za su iya samar da littattafai masu zane-zane ga abokan hamayyar ma'aikatan buga littattafai masu inganci a Turai da kuma kafa suna a matsayin mai buga littattafai masu kyau don shiga masana'antar littattafai ta kasuwa. Zaɓin marubutan Amurka ya nuna girman kai da kuma tallata littattafan Amurka. CG Littell, mataimakin shugaban ƙasa kuma ma'ajin kuɗi, da William A. Kittredge, shugaban sashen ƙira da rubutu, sun shirya kamfen ɗin. [1]

Kittredge ya tuntubi William Addison Dwiggins, wanda ƙwararren mai tsara mujallu da tallace-tallacen jaridu ne. Bayan ya ƙi shawarwari da dama, Dwiggins ya amince ya kwatanta *Tales* of Edgar Allan Poe . Jaridar ta yi la'akari da kuɗin da ya kashe na dala $2,000 mafi ƙanƙanta ga mai zane na ikon kasuwancinsa. [ 13 ] Edward A. Wilson ya kwatanta labarin Richard Henry Dana na tsakiyar ƙarni na 19 game da kasadar teku *Shekaru Biyu Kafin Mast* da kuma *littafin* Rudolph Ruzicka na Henry David Thoreau . [ 14 ]

Mafi shaharar littattafai a cikin jerin shine bugu na littafin Herman Melville *mai suna Moby-Dick* na Rockwell Kent, wanda a lokacin ba a yarda da shi a matsayin littafin gargajiya na Amurka ba tukuna. Kittredge ya umarci Kent da ya yi zane da zane a shekarar 1926, kuma littafin ya bayyana shekaru huɗu bayan haka a cikin bugu mai juzu'i uku na kwafi dubu ɗaya da aka buga a cikin akwatin aluminum. Kittredge ya kira shi "mafi kyawun littafi da aka yi a wannan ƙarni" kuma ya bayyana cewa "duk za mu je mu tsallake tafkin" idan "ba shine mafi kyawun littafi mai zane da aka taɓa yi a Amurka ba." [ 15 ] (A gaskiya ma, ana ɗaukar littafin a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun ƙarni na 20. [ 11 ] ) Random House ya fitar da bugu na kasuwanci mai juzu'i ɗaya da sauri, wanda Lakeside Press kuma ta buga, an ɗaure shi da zane baƙi tare da zane na azurfa da kayan ado.  Murfin littafin da tallace-tallace na farko duk sun nuna sunan Kent amma ba su ambaci na Melville ba. Tsarin Kent, musamman a cikin bugu na Modern Library na 1943, ya taimaka wa littafin ya sami masu sauraro da yawa. [ 17 ]

## Manazarta