Martha Yujra

**Martha Yujra Apaza** (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga Janairu 1964) 'yar siyasa ce kuma 'yar ƙungiyar kwadago ta Bolivia wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin ministar al'adu da yawon buɗe ido daga 2019 zuwa 2020. Ta kasance fitacciyar shugabar ƙungiyar ƙwadago a El Alto, Yujra ita ce kaɗai 'yar asalin ƙasar da ke cikin majalisar ministocin Jeanine Áñez kuma ita ce jami'ar ƙarshe da ta jagoranci Ma'aikatar Al'adu da Yawon Buɗe Ido; an soke wannan cibiyar a lokacin wa'adinta. A lokacin mulkinta, ofishin Yujra ya fi mayar da hankali kan tasirin annobar COVID-19 a ɓangaren al'adu, yana ƙirƙiro hanyoyin rage tasirin tattalin arziki na matakan keɓewa ga masu fasaha da masu nishadantarwa. Daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara a Ofishin Jakadancin Bolivia da ke Quito daga Yuli zuwa Nuwamba 2020. Kafin ta yi aiki a matsayin minista, Yujra ta sami shahara saboda adawarta mai tsanani ga gwamnatin Evo Morales . A shekarar 2017, ta jagoranci wani ɓangare na Cibiyar Ma'aikata ta Yankin El Alto mai goyon bayan gwamnati. A matsayinta na sakatare mai kula da harkokin ƙungiyar, Yujra ta haɗa ƙungiyar da ƙawancen Bolivia Says No, inda ta yi nasarar tsayawa takarar wakiltar La Paz a Majalisar Wakilai a babban zaɓen 2019 da aka soke.

## Rayuwar farko da aiki
An haifi Martha Yujra a ranar 19 ga Janairu, 1964 a La Chojlla, wani ƙaramin gari na ma'adinai da ke cikin La Paz Yungas . Mahaifiyar Yujra ta mutu tana da ƙabilar Aymara, kuma mahaifinta ya rene ta tana da shekaru bakwai; sakamakon haka, mahaifinta ne ya rene ta, wani ma'aikacin ma'adinai na gida. Tun tana da shekaru 17, an horar da ita kan jagorancin ƙungiyar ƙwadago, tana aiki a matsayin wakilin ɗalibai a ma'adinan Chojlla. A can, ta yi tawaye ga ayyukan jinsi na gargajiya da al'ummarta suka sanya mata, tana neman yin aiki a cikin ƙungiyar ƙwadago . [1] [2]

A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, Yujra ta ƙaura zuwa El Alto, inda ta yi karatu a Makarantar Eduardo Abaroa, daga baya ta kammala karatunta daga Sashen Ilimi na Simón Bolívar.  Bayan wani lokaci, Yujra ta fara aiki mai tsawo a ƙungiyar kwadago; a shekara ta 2000, ta shiga Ƙungiyar Iyaye kafin ta zama memba na Ƙungiyar Bartolina Sisa na ɗan lokaci.   Daga baya, Yujra ta zama memba mai himma a Cibiyar Ma'aikata ta Yankin El Alto (COR-El Alto), ta ci gaba da kasancewa cikin wannan ƙungiyar tsawon sama da shekaru goma. Duk da zamanta a matsayin ma'aikaci, sau da yawa tana fuskantar halaye na uba daga abokan aikinta : "da farko, a COR, abokan aikina sun aike ni zuwa shagon [duk da cewa] ni abokin aikinsu ne. Har sai da na tsaya na ce: ya kamata a girmama mata".  A matsayinsa na memba na COR, Yujra yana nan a lokacin rikicin zamantakewa da El Alto ya fuskanta a lokacin rikicin iskar gas na Bolivia, wanda ya kai ga faɗuwar gwamnatin Shugaba Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada a watan Oktoban 2003.  

Ta hanyar fafutukarta, Yujra ta shahara sosai a El Alto, inda ta sami karbuwa musamman saboda sukar da take yi wa Shugaba Evo Morales, wani mutum da galibi sassan ma'aikata ke girmamawa.   Saboda haka, matsayinta a wasu lokutan ya sa ta yi karo da COR, wacce ta yi daidai da jam'iyyar Morales, Movement for Socialism (MAS-IPSP). A shekarar 2015, Yujra ta nuna adawa da Magajin Gari Edgar Patana a yunkurinsa na sake tsayawa takara da COR ta yi, tana mai cewa shugabanninta sun mayar da birnin baya da rabin shekaru. A matsayinta na wakiliyar Ƙungiyar Al'umma ta Unguwa, ta sanya hannu kan kawancen siyasa don tallafawa yakin neman zaben magajin garin Soledad Chapetón, wanda a ƙarshe ya hana Patana sake tsayawa takara a zaɓen ƙananan hukumomi na wannan shekarar.   

An yanke wa Yujra hukunci mai tsauri game da COR a watan Yunin 2017, lokacin da aka ayyana ta a matsayin sakatariyar zartarwa ta COR a wani taron da ta kira da kanta, inda ta kalubalanci mulkin Eliseo Suxo, tsohuwar 'yar majalisar dokoki mai goyon bayan gwamnati, wacce ta aiwatar da wasu tsare-tsare don tsawaita wa'adin mulkinsa.   Matakin ya raba COR zuwa ƙungiyoyi biyu, inda Yujra da Suxo suka ayyana kansu a matsayin sakatarorin zartarwa na dukkan ƙungiyar. A cikin wannan aka ƙara wani ɓangare na uku wanda Pedro Chinche ke jagoranta, wanda ke da alaƙa da gwamnatin Chapetón.   A ranar 8 ga Disamba, ƙungiyar masu goyon bayan gwamnati ta COR ta kori Yujra daga mukamanta, tana zarginta da yin alƙawari da jam'iyyun siyasa wanda ya saɓa wa dokar tsaka-tsakin ƙungiyar. 

## Manazarta