Melaku Worede

Melaku Werede ( Amharic: መላኩ ወረደ  ; 1936 - 31 ga Yuli 2023) masanin kimiyyar halitta ne na Habasha kuma masanin aikin gona wanda ya shahara wajen gina daya daga cikin mafi kyawun cibiyoyin kiyaye iri a duniya, yana amfani da kimiyya don amfanin manoma matalauta, da ceton tsaba na Afirka daga mantawa.￼

An haifi Melaku Werede a cikin 1936,  a Shewa, Habasha, ga Qeñazmach Werede Gebrekidan, wani gwamnan Shewan Habasha, kwamandan sojoji kuma hamshakin attajiri daga Bulga, da Woizero Amsale Wodajeneh, wata basarakiyar Habasha daga Shewa kuma diyar Fitawrari Wodajeneh Awgechaw. wanda ya kasance kwamandan sojoji kuma mataimakin Ras Lul Seged a tsohuwar masarautar Sulemanu ta Habasha.

## Ilimi da aiki
Melaku ya yi tafiya zuwa Amurka a cikin 1960s don ci gaba da karatun digiri. Bayan samun digirin digirgir (PhD) a fannin aikin gona (Genetics and Breeding) daga Jami'ar Nebraska, ya koma Habasha, ya shiga cikin tsara shirin Cibiyar Albarkatun Halittar Halittu dake Addis Ababa, inda ya zama Darakta a shekarar 1979. Ya rike wannan mukamin har zuwa lokacin da ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1993 don shiga cikin Shirin Tsira da Tsirrai na Habasha, wanda ya kafa tare da goyon bayan kungiyoyin sa-kai na Kanada karkashin jagorancin Kwamitin Sabis na Unitarian (USC/Canada).

Melaku Werede ya sami lambar yabo ta Right Livelihood Award a shekara ta 1989 "saboda kiyaye dukiyar Habasha ta hanyar gina daya daga cikin mafi kyawun cibiyoyin kiyaye iri a duniya." 

Habasha tana daya daga cikin 'Cibiyoyin Vavilov' guda takwas na duniya da aka sani saboda bambancin jinsinta. Wannan nau'in nau'in halittu - yanzu yana fuskantar babbar barazana daga fari da hanyoyin noma na zamani - wanda Werede ya nemi kiyaye shi. Bugu da kari, Cibiyar Albarkatun Kayayyakin Halitta (PGRC) ta shirya kafa 'Strategic Seed Reserve' na nau'ikan gargajiya waɗanda za a iya saki ga manoma don shuka a lokacin fari lokacin da babu wani iri da zai yi girma. A cikin ƴan shekaru kaɗan, Wordede da ma'aikatansa sun tattara tare da adana adadi mai yawa na dukiyar gado ta Habasha. A cikin wannan tsari, ba wai kawai ya kafa mafi kyawun irinsa na Afirka ba, har ma da daya daga cikin manyan tsare-tsaren kiyaye kwayoyin halitta a duniya. Werede ya gina wannan cibiya ta musamman tare da ma'aikatan Habasha, inda ya horar da sabbin tsarar masu kiwon shuka da masana kimiyyar halitta a kasarsa ta haihuwa.

Worede ya yi ritaya daga aikin gwamnati don ci gaba da bunƙasa aikinsa na majagaba akan noma na tushen iri na asali (landrace) kiyayewa, haɓakawa da amfani. Ana girma ba tare da takin kasuwanci ko wasu sinadarai ba, an nuna irin nau'in 'ya'yan itacen da aka daidaita a cikin gida da aka haɓaka ta wannan hanya (misali alkama durum ) sun zarce takwarorinsu masu yawan shigar da su akan matsakaicin kashi 10-15% sannan na asali na manoma da kashi 20-25% a cikin yawan amfanin ƙasa.

Wordede ya kasance mai himma wajen horar da masu kula da bankin kwayoyin halitta da dama da wasu matasa masana kimiyya. Shirye-shiryen da yawa don tallafawa kiyaye halittu da amfani da su a Afirka sun ɗauki ƙwarewar Habasha a matsayin abin koyi kuma ana iya danganta su ga aikin Worede.

Har ila yau, mai himma sosai a matakin kasa da kasa, Werede shi ne shugaban kwamitin farko na kwamitin kula da albarkatun tsiro da kwayoyin halitta na Afirka, ya kuma taka rawa wajen kafa cibiyar sadarwa ta halittun Afirka. Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Noma ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Albarkatun Halittar Shuka kuma ya kasance memba na (a tsakanin wasu) Cibiyar Albarkatun Tsirrai ta Duniya (IPGRI) da Rural Advancement Foundation International (RAFI). A cikin 2008 Gidauniyar Green Award Foundation, karkashin jagorancin shugaban Habasha, ta ba Worede lambar yabo ta kasa da kasa Kyautar Gudunmawa.

Melaku ya fito a cikin fim ɗin *Seed of Freedom*  wanda aka saki a watan Yuni 2012, kuma yana ɗauke da labari daga ɗan wasan da ya lashe Oscar Jeremy Irons . Gidauniyar Gaia da kuma African Biodiversity Network ne suka shirya fim ɗin, ƙungiyoyin da Melaku ya kasance aminin dogon lokaci tare da yin aiki tare da jagorantar horo da dama tare da Jami’an Filaye da ke aiki a faɗin Afirka. Melaku yana da ‘ya’ya uku: Mary Werede, H/Mariam Melaku Werede da Lij Tedla Melaku Werede.

## Mutuwa
A ranar 31 ga Yuli, 2023, Cibiyar Nazarin Halittu ta Habasha (EBI) ta sanar da cewa Melaku Werede ya mutu.  

## Magana