Breonadia

***Breonadia*** wani nau'i ne na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a cikin dangin Rubiaceae .  ne ya bayyana hakan a cikin 1975.  Halin ya ƙunshi nau'i ɗaya kawai, wato. ***Breonadia salicina***, wanda ake samu a wurare masu zafi da kudancin Afirka daga Mali da Benin gabas zuwa Habasha, kudu zuwa Afirka ta Kudu, da Yemen, Saudi Arabia da Madagascar . 

*Breonadia salicina* (**Matumi**, Afrikaans: Mingerhout, Sotho: Mohlomê, Venda: Mutu-lume, Zulu: Umfomfo) is a protected tree in South Africa.

## Halaye
*Breonadia salicina* itace mai matsakaici zuwa babba. Shafuka suna faruwa a madadin ko a cikin juzu'i na 3 zuwa 5. Siffar ganye gabaɗaya lanceolate ne kuma gefen ganye gaba ɗaya ne. Suna da fata zuwa taɓawa kuma yawanci launin kore mai duhu tare da rawaya a tsakiya, wanda aka ɗaga dan kadan. 'Ya'yan itace capsule ne kuma suna taruwa a cikin ƙananan spheres. Bishiyoyi suna da monoecious  tare da furanni da ke da ƙananan launin rawaya. Ana samun itacen gabaɗaya a cikin yanayin zafi zuwa yanayin zafi, galibi a cikin ƙananan jama'a a Afirka ta Kudu zuwa Saudi Arabia har ma da Madagascar. Ana iya samunsa a yankuna har zuwa mita 2,000 sama da matakin teku. Yawanci suna zaune a bakin kogi ko a cikin ruwan rafi.

Ana amfani da wannan nau'in sau da yawa a cikin maganin gargajiya. Sau da yawa ana iya amfani da dukkan shuka don magance cututtuka kamar arthritis da cututtuka irin su zawo. A cikin gwaji ɗaya, abubuwan da aka cire na *Breonadia salicina* sun taimaka wajen hana ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke haifar da guba ta abinci.

## Bambancin kwayoyin halitta
A cikin yawan *B. salicina* a Saudi Arabia, bambancin kwayar halitta ya kasance ƙasa a cikin mutane na yawan jama'a guda ɗaya, amma yana da yawa tsakanin mutane daga wasu al'ummomi. Wannan yana nufin cewa ƙananan ƙwayoyin *B. salicina* sun bambanta da juna, amma ƙananan bambancin ƙwayoyin halitta suna cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyi. Yawan jama'a suna da nisa sosai (nau'in suna cikin haɗari) wanda zai haifar da yawan bambancin tsakanin jama'a. Har ila yau, yawan jama'a suna da ƙananan girma kuma za su iya shafar su ta hanyar kwayar halitta. Itacen wurare masu zafi dole ne su magance abubuwan muhalli kamar su sare daji da katako. An yi amfani da *B. salicina* a matsayin tushen itace da aka yi amfani da shi don gina gidaje da abubuwa.

Halayen jiki, kamar diamita da yawa na tasoshin xylem, saboda kwayar halitta ce ta shuka, amma kuma abubuwa da yawa na muhalli (don wannan gwaji ruwan sama ne). 

## Amfani da magani
Ana amfani da *Breonadia salicina* a cikin maganin gargajiya na Afirka. Yawanci mutane suna amfani da bark don yaki da zawo da sauran matsalolin ciki / narkewar abinci amma kuma suna amfani da wasu sassan shuka don amfani daban-daban. An gano kwayar *B. salicina* tana da wadataccen tannins. Tannins sune polyphenols waɗanda aka samo don taimakawa tare da rage ci gaban *E. coli* a cikin hanyoyin narkewa. An kuma gano abubuwan da aka cire na *B. salicina* don rage aikin kwayoyin gram-negative da gram-positive. An yi imanin cewa ana iya amfani da waɗannan kaddarorin rigakafin kwayar cuta na *B. salicina* don adana abinci.

Hakanan an ware mahadi masu yuwuwa a cikin *B. salicina* .  An gano irin wannan mahadi na rigakafin fungus a cikin *B. salicina* don nuna aiki wajen kare orange daga kamuwa da cuta.

## Manazarta