Panagiotis Efstratiadis

**Panagiotis Efstratiadis** or **Eustratiades** (Greek: Παναγιώτης Ευστρατιάδης; 1815 – 7 August [O.S. 26 July] 1888) was a Greek archaeologist. He served as Ephor General of Antiquities, the head of the Greek Archaeological Service, between 1864 and 1884, succeeding Kyriakos Pittakis.

An haifi Efstratiadis a tsibirin Girka na Lesbos, sannan wani ɓangare na Daular Ottoman . Ya yi karatun ilimin kimiyyar archaeology a karkashin shahararren masanin ilimin lissafi Ludwig Ross a Jami'ar Athens, kuma a Jamus a Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität a Munich da Jami'ar Humboldt ta Berlin . Da ya dawo Girka a 1843, ya yi aiki a matsayin malami tare da aikinsa na archaeological na shekaru ashirin masu zuwa.

Ya kasance mai kafa kuma sanannen memba na Archaeological Society of Athens, ƙungiyar ilimi da ke da hannu sosai a cikin aikin da kuma buga ilimin kimiyyar Girka a cikin karni na 19. Daga 1851 har zuwa 1858, lokacin matsalar kudi ga al'umma, yana daya daga cikin 'yan kalilan da suka rage. Ya yi aiki tare da Pittakis a kan binciken da al'umma ke yi na abin da ake kira 'Psoma House' a Athens daga 1852, da kuma binciken da aka yi na Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Dionysus kusa da Acropolis na Athens tsakanin 1861 da 1867. A lokacin da yake aiki a matsayin Ephor Janar, ya kula da gina abin da ya zama Gidan Tarihin Archaeological na Kasa, Athens.

Ana tunawa da Efstratiadis saboda kokarin da ya yi na kare al'adun archaeological na Girka, musamman a kan Acropolis na Athens, kodayake kokarin da ya yanke na hana tonowa ba bisa ka'ida ba da kuma fitar da kayan tarihi sau da yawa ana rage su ta hanyar iyakantaccen albarkatun kudi da shari'a na Girka don yin hakan. Har ila yau, yana da mahimmanci ga fadada Sashin Archaeological da kuma goyon bayan Panagiotis Stamatakis, wanda ya gaji shi a matsayin Ephor Janar kuma wanda ya nada shi don kula da binciken Heinrich Schliemann a Mycenae.

## Rayuwa ta farko da aiki

An haifi Panagiotis Efstratiadis a garin Mantamados a tsibirin Girka na Lesbos, sannan wani ɓangare na Daular Ottoman, a cikin 1815.[3] Ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Athens a karkashin Ludwig Ross, wanda ya yi aiki tsakanin 1834 da 1836 a matsayin Ephor Janar na Antiquities, shugaban Greek Archaeological Service. A cikin 1837, Efstratiadis ya sami tallafin karatu na gwamnati don yin karatu a Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität a Munich, inda masanin gargajiya da philhellene Friedrich Thiersch ya koya masa,  kuma ya karanta ilimin gargajiya a Jami'ar Humboldt ta Berlin. Ɗaya daga cikin malamansa a Berlin shine Agusta Böckh, mai tara , jerin wallafe-wallafen da ke da niyyar tattara duk sanannun rubutun daga tsohuwar Girka. A Jamus, ya yi karatu tare da Stefanos Koumanoudis,  daga baya aka bayyana shi a matsayin "babban mai girma" na rubutun Helenanci. 

Efstratiadis ya kasance a Jamus na tsawon shekaru shida,  ya koma Girka a 1843 don aiki a matsayin malami. Ya ɗauki mukaminsa na farko a makarantar sakandare (gymnasium) a Nafplio, sannan ya sami matsayi a matsayin shugaban wani  a Athens, wanda ya rike har zuwa 1863. 

Efstratiadis ya kasance memba ne na kafa Archaeological Society of Athens, wata ƙungiya mai ilimi tare da muhimmiyar alhakin aikin archaeological da kula da al'adun gargajiya a Girka a cikin karni na sha tara.[1] An kafa kungiyar ne a cikin , galibi ta hanyar shirin masanin ilimin kimiyyar Kyriakos Pittakis, dan kasuwa da mai ba da agaji Konstantinos Bellios, mawaki Alexandros Rizos Rangavis (wanda ya zama sakataren farko) da Ministan Iakovos Rizos Neroulos, wanda ya zama shugabanta na farko.[1] Kungiyar ta gudanar da taron ta na farko a ranar 10 May Mayu [ ] 1837, a cikin Parthenon.[1]

## Rayuwa ta mutum

Ba a san komai game da rayuwar sirri da na iyali na Efstratiadis ba. Ɗansa, Michael, ya zama lauya kuma ya ba da gudummawar ɓoye takardun Panagiotis ga Archaeological Society of Athens a 1932.

A kansa, an san Efstratiadis da kasancewa mai hankali, mai zaman kansa kuma mai kariya sosai ga kayan tarihi a cikin kulawarsa. Mutanen zamaninsa, marubucin Girkanci  [el], ya bayyana  matsayin "ko da yaushe matsakaici, mai wadatar kansa [kuma] mai aminci ga aikinsa".[and] Har ila yau, ya kasance mai ɓoye, mai zaman kansa kuma ya janye: babu sanannen hoto ko hoto na shi da ya tsira. Wata wasika ta 1882 daga Stefanos Koumanoudis ta bayyana wani abu game da halinsa:

### Manazarta