Kwamitin Ba da Shawarwari na Kwararru akan Bautar da Bayi

**Kwamitin Ba da Shawarwari na Kwararru akan Bautar bayi (ACE)** wani kwamiti ne na dindindin na Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya, wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin shekarar 1933. Shi ne kwamitin bauta na dindindin na farko na Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ƙasashen Duniya, wanda aka kafa bayan shekaru goma na aiki don magance matsalar bautar da bayi da kwamitocin wucin gadi a cikin Ƙungiyar.

ACE ta gudanar da wani bincike na duniya game da bauta, cinikin bayi da aikin tilastawa, kuma ta ba da shawarar hanyoyin magance matsalar. Ayyukansa sun kafa tushe don Ƙarin Yarjejeniya kan Kawar da Bauta na shekarar 1956.

## Tarihi

### Gidauniya
Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ƙasashen Duniya ta gudanar da wani aiki mai ƙwazo game da bautar chattle  da cinikin bayi daga farkon 1920s. Binciken Hukumar Bauta ta wucin gadi (TSC) ya haifar da ƙaddamar da Yarjejeniyar Bauta ta 1926.  A shekara ta 1932 aka kafa Kwamitin Ƙwararru akan Bauta (CES) don bincika ingancin Yarjejeniyar Bauta ta shekarar 1926.  Sakamakon ya gamsar da kungiyar kan buƙatar kafa wani kwamiti na dindindin don magance matsalar.

Ba za a ba wa ACE izinin gudanar da bincike kai tsaye ba, amma kawai don karɓar bayanan da aka tattara daga gwamnatoci.  Ya zama nasiha ne kawai da abubuwan da ke faruwa a asirce, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwararru bakwai masu zaman kansu, waɗanda aka naɗa har abada, waɗanda za su yi nazarin bayanan da aka rubuta kuma su ba da rahoto don ba da shawarar hanyoyin da za a amince da aikin don kawo ƙarshen bauta da cinikin bayi.  Bautar da aka yi magana da ita ita ce bautar zance, ba aikin tilastawa ba. 

A cikin shekarar 1933 CES ta kafa kwamitin bauta na dindindin na farko, Kwamitin Ba da Shawarwari na Kwararru akan Bauta (ACE).  ACE ta gudanar da taronta na farko a shekara mai zuwa, kuma ta haɗu a kowace shekara sau biyar tsakanin shekarun 1934 da 1938.

The Anti-Slavery Society bikin kafa ACE, wanda aka kafa a kan centenary na Bautar Abolition Dokar 1833, a matsayin ƙarshen bautar, Reginald Coupland ya bayyana bege cewa "da dace inji" don tabbatar da kisa na shekarar 1926 Bautar Yarjejeniyar da aka halitta, da kuma cewa ba shi da wani shakka a cikin m da kuma m ra'ayi na duniya, sai dai in ba tare da ra'ayi na duniya ba. shafewar ƙarshe&nbsp;... na bauta" an tabbatar da shi. 

### Ayyuka
Kungiyar ta ACE ta gudanar da wani babban bincike na ƙasa da ƙasa kan bautar da ake yi da kuma cinikin bayi. Kwamitin ya nemi rahoto daga dukkan ƙasashe mambobin kungiyar, ciki har da manyan daulolin mulkin mallaka na lokacin. An buƙaci gwamnatocin da su ba da rahoton duk wani nau'in bauta da cinikin bayi da ke faruwa a cikin yankunan da ke ƙarƙashin ikonsu, waɗanda ake sa ran ƙasashe membobin ƙungiyar da ke ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Bauta ta shekarar 1926 za su yi adawa da gaske.

Batutuwan da aka tattauna sun haɗa da batun Mui tsai, ɗaurin bashi da kuma zaman banza; An yi ta muhawara akan matsayin mata da al'adun aure na nuna bambanci, amma abu mai wuyar gaske, kuma aka buga waya a shekarar 1936. 

#### Afirka
ACE ta buƙaci Ofishin Mulkin Mallaka na Burtaniya ya yi hira da duk tsoffin bayi a Afirka dalilin da ya sa suka zauna tare da tsoffin masu mallakarsu kuma su bincika abin da ya faru da bayin da suka tafi; Jami'an mulkin mallaka sun yi biyayya ga umarnin gwamnoninsu, kuma rahoton 1936 ga ACE ya yi cikakken bayani. 

Italiya sun ba da rahoto ga ACE cewa duk tsoffin bayi a Tripolitania na ItaliyaAn daɗe da soke bautar da ake yi a Libiya a hukumancesuna da 'yanci su bar tsoffin ma'abotansu na Larabawa idan sun ga dama, amma sun zauna saboda sun kasance cikin damuwa na zamantakewa; da kuma cewa a cikin yankunan Cyrenaica da kuma na cikin garin Sanusiya, an shafe cinikin bayi da ke Trans-Sahara a daidai lokacin da Italiya ta mamaye, inda aka 'yantar da bayi 900 a kasuwar bayi ta Kufra; cewa a yanzu ana ba wa bayin da ke ƙasar Iritiriya albashi don haka ba su zama bayi ba, kuma a yanzu an kawar da bautar da cinikin bayi a Somaliya. 

A cikin shekarar 1936 rahoton da aka bai wa kwamitin ba da shawara na masana kan bauta daga Faransa, Burtaniya da Italiya ya bayyana cewa, duk sun binciki maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da ke kan hanyoyin ayari a cikin sahara don yaƙar cinikin bayi daga sahara daga Najeriya zuwa arewacin Afirka.  A cikin shekarar 1937 rahoton ga Kwamitin Ba da Shawarwari na Kwararru kan Bauta, duka Faransa da Spain sun ba da tabbacin cewa sun yi yaƙi da hare-haren bayi daga masu cinikin bayi na Trans-Saharan, kuma a cikin shekarar 1938, Faransawa sun yi iƙirarin cewa sun sami iko a kan iyakokin kan iyaka tare da Maroko da Aljeriya kuma sun hana cinikin bayi na Trans-Sahara a wannan yanki. 

Faransa ta ba da rahoton cewa an kawar da bautar a duk yankunan Faransa da ke Afirka, ciki har da bauta a Mauritania. 

Spain ta ba da rahoton cewa sun soke cinikin bayi a Maroko, amma sun guji ambaton bautar kamar haka.  Belgium da Portugal sun amsa ACE cewa ba su da wani abu da za su ƙara bayan rahoton 1932. 

Misira ta amsa wa ACE cewa babu wani bauta a Masar, kuma ba za a iya shigo da sabbin bayi ta hanyar cinikin bayi na Bahar Maliya zuwa Masar ba tun lokacin da suka shiga ruwan Bahar Maliya a wajen Masar, suna hana duk wani cinikin bayi. 

## Manazarta