Hanns Vischer

Malan **Hanns Vischer**, CMG, CBE (1876-1945) ɗan ƙasar Switzerland ne, haifaffen Biritaniya, wanda ya kasance mai ba da shawara kan harkokin ilimi ga gwamnatin Arewacin Najeriya. An naɗa shi Daraktan Ilimi na farko na yankin Arewa kuma ya kirkiro manufofin farko na ilimin boko ga yankin. Bayan da ya yi ritaya daga aikin mulkin mallaka, ya yi aiki a matsayin mamba na Kwamitin Ba da Shawarwari kan Ilimi a yankunan damina na Biritaniya na tsawon shekaru goma sha shida.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Ischer an haife shi ga Rosalie da Adolphe Vischer, mahaifinsa marubuci ne kuma marubuci ne kuma kakansa na uba, Wilhem Vischer, Furotesta farfesa ne a Jami'ar Basle kuma ya kasance zuriya daga zuriyar dillalan siliki.[1]. Rosalie Fischer kuma ta kasance daga dangin kasuwanci da ke da alaƙa da cinikin masaku, danginta, Sarasins, sun kasance na al'adun Huguenot da ke gudanar da kasuwanci a Basel.[1] Vischer ya yi karatunsa na farko a Basel da Niesky, Jamus, ya tafi Ingila kuma ya halarci Kwalejin Kudu maso Gabas, Ramsgate kafin ya sami digirinsa na farko da na biyu daga Kwalejin Emmanuel, Cambridge.

A wajen shekararsa ta karshe a jami'a, ya samu sha'awar sanin al'adun Afirka kuma ya halarci kwas na horar da harshen Hausa a Tripoli. Bayan ya bar Emmanuel College, ya yi shekara guda a Ridley Hall inda ya saba da Ƙungiyar Mishan ta Coci.[1] A cikin 1901, ya yi tafiya zuwa Najeriya tare da wasu ƴan mishan na CMS da suka ziyarci ƙasar Hausa. Zamansa a Lokoja ya yi iyaka saboda ya sha fama da zazzabi da dama. Daga nan Vischer ya koma gidansa na haihuwa don samun murmurewa.[1] Ya dawo a cikin 1903, a matsayin ɗan Biritaniya, ya yi murabus daga aikin mishan wanda yake sha'awar, ya shiga aikin mulkin mallaka a matsayin Mataimakin Mazauni.

Tasharsa ta farko ita ce a Bornu, a nan ya ji labarin cinikin ayari da hanyar bayi tsakanin Tripoli da Bornu. A cikin 1906, Vischer ya yi tafiya ta cikin Sahara, daga Tripoli zuwa Kukawa don nazarin wasu al'adu da ka iya yin tasiri ga mutanen Kanuri. Daga cikin fasinjojin da ke cikin wannan tafiya akwai ‘yantattun bayi da mahajjata daga Makkah da masu tuka rakuma da jagorori daga Nijar[2]. A cikin 1908, Vischer ya sami digiri na biyu a sashin ilimi don bunkasa makarantar masana'antu a Nasarawa, Kano. Shi kaxai ne aka ba shi shawara a kan wannan mukami, ta hanyar ilimin Larabci da Hausa da Fulatanci da Kanuri amma kuma saboda ya kasance mai tausayin al’adun Kanuri ne[1]. Don shirya shi don sabon matsayinsa, an tura shi Masar da Sudan don yin karatun Kuttab da makarantu a Mansoura, Bulaq da Giza da Sudan.

A shekara ta 1911, manufofin ilimi na Vischer sun taimaka wajen samun makarantar firamare, makarantar horar da mallams, makarantar 'ya'yan sarakuna da makarantar fasaha. Manufar makarantun ba don inganta al'adun Turawa ba ne, amma don kiyaye al'adu da zamantakewar Arewacin Najeriya da horar da dalibai don gudanar da mulkin kasa da kuma ayyukan sana'a. Makarantun su ne na farko wadanda ba na Kur’ani ba a yankin Arewa.[1] A shekarar 1913 aka kafa makarantun firamare na lardi a Katsina da Sokoto. A shekarar 1914, bayan hadewar Najeriya, an nada Vischer Daraktan Ilimi na yankin Arewa. Ko da yake, shi ne darekta a hukumance, ya shafe mafi yawan shekarunsa a lokacin Babban Yaƙin yana aiki ga Ofishin Yaƙi da Sabis na Leken Asirin.[3] Ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa na mulkin mallaka a shekarar 1919. a 1923, ya zama babban sakataren kwamitin ba da shawara kan ilimi a kasashen da Birtaniyya ta yi wa mulkin mallaka a Afirka kuma bayan shekara guda ya shiga cikin kafa cibiyar kasa da kasa ta harsuna da al'adun Afirka.

## Manazarta