open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Anne R. Kenney

**Anne R. Kenney** (1950 - 5 ga Fabrairu, 2022) ta kasance mai kula da ɗakin karatu na Amurka kuma mai adana bayanai da aka sani da aikinta a adana dijital.

## Ilimi
Bayan ta sami digiri na farko daga Jami'ar Duke (cum laude), Kenney ta sami digiri a tarihi (tare da bambanci) daga Jami'an Missouri-St. Jami'ar Missouri-St. Louis da digiri na biyu a kimiyyar ɗakin karatu daga Jami'ar Missouri .

## Ayyukan sana'a
Kenney ta yi aiki a ɗakin karatu na Jami'ar Cornell daga 1987. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar darakta ga Ma'aikatar Tsaro da Tsaro; mataimakiyar mai kula da ɗakin karatu na jami'a don koyarwa, bincike da sabis na bayanai; ɗakin karatu na Jami'a na wucin gadi kuma, tun daga watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2008, mai kula da laburare na jami'ar. Ta yi ritaya a shekarar 2017.

Bayan ta isa Cornell, Kenney ya shiga cikin Shirin Littattafan Brittle, yana canza littattafai zuwa microfilm. Ta yi sha'awar alkawarin masu binciken da kuma binciken fasahar hotunan dijital. Ta gano wani nau'i mai wahala (Bodoni italics) kuma ta sami nasarar kama shi; hanyoyin da aka haɓaka a Cornell sun zama tushen ayyukan JSTOR da Google Books.

Kenney daga baya ta zama mai sha'awar matsalolin adana dijital kuma ya fara bincike kan ƙaurawar fayil da ajiya na dogon lokaci. Sha'awar sana'arta ta haɗa da adana jerin dijital na farko, sabon al'ada don wallafe-wallafen ilimi.

## Rayuwa da mutuwarsa
Kenney ta mutu a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu, 2022, yana da shekaru 72. 

## Ƙungiyoyin
Ta yi aiki a Kwamitin Binciken Kimiyya na Jama'a kan Litattafai da Tarihi na Cuba, da Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Portico . Ayyukan da suka gabata sun haɗa da aiki a matsayin kwamishinan Hukumar Tarihi da Tarihi ta Kasa, Gidauniyar Kimiyya ta Kasa / Kungiyar Ayyukan Turai a kan Tsarin Bincike na Tsaro na Dijital, Clinton / Gore Transition Team, da shaidar kwamitin Majalisar Dattijai. Ta kasance aboki kuma tsohuwar shugabar Society of American Archivists . 

## Kyaututtuka
Littattafan Kenney na ilimi da ƙwararru sun sami kyaututtuka da yawa, gami da

* Taron Missouri a kan Kyautar Littafin Tarihi (1985) 
* Kyautar Littafin Farko mafi Kyawu ta Phi Alpha Theta (1986) 
* Kyautar Intanet da kwamfuta ta Yahoo a cikin Mutanen Espanya (2002) 
* Kyautar Bayar da Bayani ta Jama'ar Amirka (1995 da 2004) 
* Kyautar Waldo Gifford Leland ta Society of American Archivists (1997 da 2000) 
* Kyautar LITA / Library Hi Tech ta American Library Association (2001) 
* Kyautar tunawa da Hugh C. Atkinson ta American Library Association (2014). 

## Littattafai
Kenney ta wallafa labarai da rahotanni da yawa kuma ya hada hannu da littattafai uku da suka lashe lambar yabo:.

* Motsa Ka'idar cikin Aiki: Hoton dijital don Litattafai da Tarihi (Research Libraries Group, 2000) tare da Oya Y. Rieger
* Hoton dijital don Litattafai da Tarihi (Litattafan Jami'ar Cornell, 1996) tare da Stephen Chapman
* Mata Suffrage, Siyasa ta Jama'a, da Jamhuriyar Faransanci ta Uku (Princeton University Press, 1984) tare da Steven C. Hause .

Ta yi aiki tare da Chapman da Nancy McGovern don samar da koyarwar yanar gizo da ta lashe lambar yabo. Ta yi aiki a matsayin co-edita na RLG DigiNews daga 1997-2006.

## Manazarta
Elizabeth W. Adkins

**Elizabeth W. Adkins** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1957) ƴar Amirka ce mai adana bayanai wacce ta kasance Shugaba na Society of American Archivists. Ita ce babbar mai adana bayanai a kamfanin Ford Motor da Kraft Foods.  Tun daga shekara ta 2015, ta yi aiki a Grant Thornton International a matsayin Darakta na Gudanar da Bayanai.

## Ilimi
An haifi Adkins a shekara ta 1957. Ta halarci Jami'ar Binghamton don BA a Tarihi kuma ta halarci Jami'ar Carnegie Mellon don MA a tarihi.

## Ayyuka
Adkins ta shafe shekaru 11 a matsayin manajan Ayyukan Tarihi na Kraft Foods.  Ta kuma yi aiki a kamfanin Ford Motor Company na tsawon shekaru 12 inda ta jagoranci Shirin Gudanar da Bayanai na Duniya. Ta zama mai kula da bayanan tarihi, mai kula da rikodin rikodin rikon kwarya, da kuma ƙwararren mai kula da bayanai.

Adkins ta kasance mai ba da kuɗi na Society of American Archivists daga 2000 zuwa 2003,  kuma daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa da Shugaban kungiyar.  Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Sashen Tarihin Kasuwanci kuma ta koyar da Nazarin Tarihin Kasancewa tun 1992.

Har ila yau, ita ma mai kula da Tarihi ce kuma ta yi aiki a Kwalejin Masu Kula da Tarihi a matsayin shugaban kasa. Ta kuma yi aiki a Majalisar Duniya kan Tarihi da ARMA International.  Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar sashen Arewacin Virginia na ARMA kuma an zabe ta a matsayin Shugaban Sashen Shekara na biyar daga cikin shekaru shida da suka gabata.

Adkins ta yi magana a tarurruka da yawa da abubuwan da suka faru a kan tarihin tarihi. Ta kuma yi bincike kuma ta rubuta a kan tarihin da ke cikin wallafe-wallafen, gami da "A History of the Ford Motor Company Archives, with Reflection on Archival Documentation of Ford of Europe's History, "Our Journey towards Diversity - and a Call to (More) Action," da kuma "The Development of Business Archives in the United States: An Overview and a Personal Perspective. " Ta rubuta rubutun da sake dubawa ga mujallu ciki har da American Archivist.

A cikin Shekara ta 2015, Adkins ta koma Grant Thornton inda take aiki a cikin Shekara ta 2018.

## Kyaututtuka da girmamawa

* Kyautar Society of American Archivists Fellow, 2002 
* Kyautar Kyautattun Ayyuka daga Kwalejin Masu Tsaro 

## Manazarta
Singa, Nepal

**Singa** cibiyar kasuwa ce a cikin Gundumar Beni a cikin Gundumomin Myagdi a Yankin Dhaulagiri na yammacin tsakiyar Nepal . An haɗa tsohon kwamitin ci gaban ƙauyen don kafa sabuwar karamar hukuma a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 2014 .  A lokacin Ƙididdigar Nepal ta 1991 tana da yawan mutane 2666 da ke zaune a cikin gidaje 555.

## manazarta
Sime Seruya

**Sime Seruya** (1876 – 1955) ɗan wasan Portugal ne, ɗan takara kuma ɗan gurguzu wanda yayi kamfen a Biritaniya.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Seruya a Lisbon, Portugal a shekara ta 1876. [1] Ta yi aiki a matsayin yar wasan kwaikwayo a Portugal kafin ta isa Landan a 1906. [1] Ta zauna a West Lewisham . [2]

Seruya ta shiga kungiyar mata ta zamantakewa da siyasa (WSPU) a cikin 1907 kuma ta ba da gudummawar £ 100 don wannan aikin.  Har ila yau, a cikin 1907, an kama ta kuma an yanke mata hukuncin zaman gidan yari na kwanaki 14 don shiga cikin zaben mata a waje da House of Commons .  Ya zuwa kaka, ta kasance cikin mambobi saba'in na WSPU waɗanda suka tafi don kafa Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Mata (WFL).  A cikin 1909, ta kuma shiga Ƙungiyar Haɗin Haraji ta Mata (WTRL). 

A cikin 1908, Seruya ya kafa ƙungiyar 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ta Franchise League,  tare da Gertrude Elliott, Winifred Mayo da Adeline Bourne .  Ƙungiyar ta wakilci ƴan wasan mata na masu fafutuka da waɗanda ba masu fafutuka ba.  Seruya ya shirya gudummawar WFL zuwa *A Pageant of Great Women* in 1910 tare da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Edith Craig .

A cikin 1910, Seruya ta fara sayar da litattafan mata da masu tattara kuri'a (ciki har da katunan wasiƙa da ta buga  ) daga ɗayan ɗakin Edith Craig da abokin aikinta Christabel Marshall a 31 Bedford Street, London, wanda ya kafa "Shagon Suffrage na Duniya."  Ta buga wani talla a cikin jaridar *Votes for Women* game da bude shagon.  A cikin Maris 1911 shagon ya koma manyan wuraren da ke Adam Street a Strand .  A waccan shekarar, Seruya kuma ya yi nasarar yin nasara a kan hukuncin sayar da *kuri'u ga mata* a matakan gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Lyceum . 

Seruya kuma dan gurguzu ne kuma memba na Jam'iyyar Labour mai zaman kanta  da Fabian Society .  A cikin 1908, ta kasance ma'ajin girmamawa na League Reform League  kuma a cikin 1910 ta halarci 8th International Socialist Congress a Copenhagen, Denmark. 

A cikin lokacin tsaka-tsakin, ta kasance memba na Fim da Photo League  kuma ta shiga cikin motsin fina-finai na ma'aikata tare da sauran masu gwagwarmayar hagu irin su Ivor Montagu, Eva Reckitt, Ernie Trory da sauransu.   Har ila yau, ta kasance mai aiki a cikin Kwamitin Mata don Taimakawa Matan Ma'adinai da Yara,  bayan yajin aikin 1926 na United Kingdom da kuma kullewar masu hakar ma'adinai na gaba.

Ta haifi ɗa, Ivan Seruya,  wanda ya kasance memba na Friends of the Soviet Union and the Young Communist League a matsayin dalibi a Regent Street Polytechnic .  Ta rasu a shekara ta 1955. 

## Magana
Elizabeth Watkins (mai ba da agaji)

**Elizabeth Josephine Watkins** (1861-1939) ta kasance mai ba da agaji, wanda aka fi sani da tallafawa asibitoci da dakunan karatu a Lawrence, Kansas.

An haife ta Elizabeth Josephine Miller a New Paris, Ohio a shekara ta 1861. Iyalinta sun koma Lawrence, Kansas a 1872, inda ta halarci makarantar shirye-shirye a Jami'ar Kansas.  A shekara ta 1875, mutuwar mahaifinta ta tilasta mata barin makaranta kuma ta sami aiki don tallafa wa iyalinta kudi. Ta yi aiki a J.B. Watkins Land and Mortgage Company, inda ta zama sakatariyar mai arziki da ya kafa kamfanin kuma shugaban, Jabez Bunting Watkins . A cikin 1909, mahaifiyar Elizabeth Miller ta mutu, kuma ta auri J.B. Watkins .  J.B. ya mutu a 1921 kuma ya bar duk dukiyarsa ta dala miliyan 2.4 ga Elizabeth Watkins . 

Babban gudummawar Watkins sun haɗa da gina Watkins Scholarship Hall a KU (1926), Lawrence Memorial Hospital (1928), Watkins Memorial Hospital (1931), Watkins Nurses Home (1937), da Miller Scholarship hall a KU (1937).  Ta kuma ba da gudummawar Ginin Bankin Watkins ga Birnin Lawrence a 1929 (dukiyar da ta fara mallakar mijinta ta hanyar rawar da ya taka a matsayin shugaban Bankin Watkin).  An yi amfani da wannan ginin a matsayin Lawrence City Hall har zuwa 1970, lokacin da aka sauya shi zuwa Douglas County Historical Society, wadda yanzu ke gudanar da Gidan Tarihi na Elizabeth Miller Watkins a can.

Elizabeth Watkins ta mutu a shekara ta 1939. Ta ba da dukiya mai yawa ga Jami'ar Kansas, gami da gidanta, wanda yanzu shine gidan Shugaban kasa. Ana gudanar da takardunta tare da na mijinta a cikin KU Kenneth Spencer Research Library . 

## Ƙarin karantawa
 

## Manazarta
Adina

**Adina Thembi Ndamse** (an haife ta 3 Oktoba 1989)  wacce aka fi sani da sunan wasanta **Adina** ’yar Ghana ce – mawaƙiyar Afirka ta Kudu, marubuciya, ‘yar wasan kwaikwayo kuma wani lokacin abin koyi. Ta kasance mai nasara a wasan kwaikwayo na gaskiya na kiɗa na Stars na Future a 2008.  Wakar ta ta takwas mai taken "Too Late" ta lashe kyaututtukan ta guda biyu - Record of the Year da Best Vocalist na Year a Vodafone Ghana Music Awards 2018 a Ghana .  A cikin Maris 2021, ta kasance cikin Manyan Mata 30 Mafi Tasiri a Kiɗa ta 3 Music Awards Brunch. 

## Rayuwar farko da aikin kiɗa
**Adina** ta fara waka tun tana yarinya karama. Ta yi babbar makarantar sakandare a Wesley Girls High School sannan ta wuce Jami'ar Central University inda ta samu digiri a fannin Muhalli da Ci Gaba. Ta girma tun tana ƙarama ta shiga ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta National Theatre Choir inda ta samu yin wasan kwaikwayo a Kidafest and Fun World shows. 

Ta yi fice a fagen wakokin Ghana a lokacin da ta fafata a cikin shirin wasan kwaikwayo na gaskiya na 'Stars of the Future' wanda Charter House Ghana ta shirya kuma daga karshe ta zama zakara.  Tana da shekaru 19 lokacin da ta lashe taurarin wasan kwaikwayo na gaba.

Ta yi kide-kide na kan layi yayin kullewar COVID-19 . 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Iyayen Adina su ne Richard Sekumbuzo Ndamse, dan Afirka ta Kudu, da kuma ‘yar Ghana Mercy Ndamse.

## Kyaututtuka da zaɓe

### Kyaututtuka
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|rowspan="1"|2021
|rowspan="1"|Herself
|Artiste of the Year
|
|-
|rowspan="1"|2021
|rowspan="1"|Araba
|Album of the Year
|
|-
|rowspan="1"|2021
|rowspan="1"|Herself
|Best Afrobeats/Afropop Artiste of the Year
|
|-
|rowspan="1"|2021
|rowspan="1"|Take care of you ft Stonebwoy
|Collaboration of the Year
|
|-
|rowspan="1"|2021
|rowspan="1"|Hear me
|Best Female Vocal Performance of the Year
|
|-
|rowspan="1"|2021
|rowspan="1"|Daddy's Little girl
|Record of the Year
|
|-
|rowspan="1"|2021
|rowspan="1"|Adina-Hyedin
|Songwriter of the Year
|
|-
|rowspan="1"|2021
|rowspan="1"|Why
|Best Music Song of the Year
|
|-
|rowspan="1"|2021
|rowspan="1"|Take care of you ft. Stonebwoy
|Best Afrobeats/Afropop Song of the Year
|
|-
|rowspan="1"|2021
|rowspan="1"|Why
|Best Reggae Dancehall Song of the Year
|
|-
|rowspan="1"|2020
|rowspan="1"|Herself
|Record of the Year
|
|-
|rowspan="1"|2018
|rowspan="1"|Herself
|Best Female Vocalist of the Year
|
|-
|rowspan="1"|2017
|rowspan="1"|Herself
|Afropop Song of the Year
|
|-
|rowspan="1"|2017
|rowspan="1"|Herself
|Best Female Vocalist
|
|-
|rowspan="1"|2016
|rowspan="1"|Herself
|Record of the Year
|
|-
|rowspan="1"|2016
|rowspan="1"|Herself
|Afropop Song of the Year
|
|-
|rowspan="1"|2016
|rowspan="1"|Herself
|Best Female Vocalist of Year
|

### Kyautar Nasarar Nishaɗi
A cikin Maris 2021, an ba ta kyautar 'Mafi kyawun Mawaƙin Mata' na Shekarar a cikin Kyautar Nasarar Nishaɗi.   

### 3 Kyautar kiɗa
A cikin Maris 2021, waƙarta ME *YA SA* ita ce Waƙar Reggae Dancehall na Shekara a cikin Kyautar Kiɗa na 3 . 

### Vodafone Ghana Music Awards

## Magana
Mary Ingraham

{{Databox}
**Mary “May” Ingraham** (1901 – 26 Maris 1982) yar takarar Bahamas ce kuma shugabar kungiyar Mata ta Bahamas. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An haifi Mary Ingraham a gundumar St. Agnes na Nassau, Bahamas ga Ellis H. Mason da matarsa Alice Leanora (née Bartlett) Mason. Uku daga cikin 'yan uwanta sun zama mawaƙa a Amurka:

* Norman Mason (1895-1971), Dixieland clarinetist, Multi-instrumentalist, bandleader;
* Oliver Welock Mason, mai busa ƙaho wanda, a cikin 1930s da 1940s, ya yi tare da ƙungiyar makaɗa don wasan kwaikwayo na ministrel ; kuma
* Henry Morris Mason, mai busa ƙaho wanda ya rubuta a matsayin mai kula da Fannie May Goosby, Cleo Gibson, Blanche Calloway, Leon Abbey, Willie Lewis, Eddie Brunner, da Gene Sedric . 

A ranar 30 ga Disamba, 1919, Maryamu ta auri Rufus Harcourt Ingraham  a Garin Grant, ɗaya daga cikin ƙauyen Nassau.

## Suffragist
Tare da Georgianna Symonette, Eugenia Lockhart da Mabel Walker, Ingraham ya kafa Ƙungiyar Suffrage Movement (WSM).  

A cikin 1962, mata sun sami 'yancin yin zabe da yin aiki a zaɓaɓɓen mukamai a majalisar dokoki. A shekara ta 1967, mata baƙar fata sun shirya kansu a cikin wani shinge mai karfi wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga babban zaben jam'iyyar Progressive Liberal Party da kuma rinjaye a Bahamas. 

Ingraham kuma 'yar shugaba ce ta Ingantacciyar Kyauta da Tsarin Kariya na Elks na Duniya kuma magidanci na oda na Yarima Hall Order na Tauraruwar Gabas .

## Gado da ganewa
Nassau's Mary Ingraham Intergenerational Care Center a Nassau ita ce Ingraham. Ƙungiyar Bahamas ta Kudu ce ke gudanar da cibiyar don gwamnati ta Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Amirka ta Bakwai na Masu Adventists na kwana bakwai .

A kan 10 Oktoba 2012, Ofishin Wasiƙa, ya ba da tambari na tunawa guda shida, mai suna *50th Anniversary of Women Suffrage*, wanda kowannensu yana ɗauke da hoton wata mace mai daraja wacce ta rinjayi zaɓen mata a cikin Bahamas a cikin ƙungiyoyi masu zuwa: 

# Mary Ingraham - 15 ¢
# Georgianna Symonette (1902–1965) - 25 ¢
# Mabel Walker (1902–1987) - 50 ¢
# Eugenia Lockhart (1908-1908)??) - 65 ¢
# Dame Alberta Isaacs - 70 ¢
# Dame Doris Johnson (1921-1983) - 80 ¢

## Manazarta
Abiana

**Eldah Naa Abiana Dickson** wacce aka fi sani da sunanta a matsayin **Abiana** mawaƙiya ce kuma marubuciyar waka ’yar Ghana. Ita Soul-ray ce, Hi-life, Neo Soul mawaƙin. An ba Abiana lambar yabo mafi kyawun rawar rawar mata a lokacin 2021 Vodafone Ghana Awards Awards .  

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Abiana ita ce ta farko cikin yara shida Samuel Dickson da Esther Mawusi Kotitse suka haifa.  Ta halarci Grammar St John don karatun sakandarenta,  kafin ta wuce Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Gudanar da Jama'a ta Ghana (GIMPA), inda ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin Kasuwanci .  

## Aikin kiɗa
Abiana ya fara zama mawaƙin mai goyon bayan Afro Harmony Band a cikin 2013. Daga baya ta shiga ƙungiyar Hsykul a matsayin jagorar mawaƙa a 2014 kafin ta tafi solo a 2020 kuma ta sanya hannu tare da +233 Records.   A cikin 2019, Abiana ta fito a cikin “Yarinyar Bolgatanga” ta Okyeame Kwame wacce ta lashe lambar yabo ta shekarar 2020 na Vodafone Ghana Awards.  

Ta saki waƙar ta ta farko a watan Oktoba 2020 mai suna "Adun lei".    Ta hanyar Adun lei, Abiana ta sami nadi biyu a lambar yabo ta Vodafone Ghana Awards 2021, a cikin mafi kyawun rawar muryar mata da nau'ikan marubutan waƙa.  Daga karshe ta lashe kyautar jarumar mata ta bana inda ta doke Adina, Yaa Yaa, Cina Soul, Efe Grace da Enuonyam.   

An kuma zaɓi Adun Lei don mafi kyawun ɗaukar hoto da mafi kyawun kyaututtuka na tasiri na musamman a 2021 4Stye Music Video Awards.   Adun Lei ya lashe mafi kyawun kyautar daukar hoto. A cikin Disamba 2020, Amin dinta na biyu ya fito kuma ta uku mai suna *Bo Nɔŋŋ Ni* a cikin Maris 2021.  

Makonni biyu bayan hade da lambar yabo ta VGMA, Abiana ta fitar da wani waka mai taken *<nowiki/>'Ni da Kai* ', wakokin soyayya da ke bayyana masifu da matsananciyar soyayya da alaka. 

## Sanannen wasan kwaikwayo
Tun lokacin da ta fara sana'ar solo, ta yi rawar gani a wasu manyan abubuwan da suka faru a Ghana. ta yi wa shugaban kasa liyafar cin abincin dare, inda ta yi da bandejin blacklace a bikin cikar uwargidan shugaban kasa shekaru 70 da haihuwa da kuma wasan kwaikwayo kai tsaye a mashaya jazz +233 da gasa. 
A watan Yulin 2021, ta yi a lambobin yabo na Nishaɗi ta Citi FM da kuma wasan ƙwarewar 2021 VGMA.

## Ayyukan fasaha da tasirin kiɗa
Abiana ta bayyana salon kidan ta a matsayin rayuwar ruhi,    wanda ya kunshi, kidan rai, hi-life, neo-soul, domin galibin wakokinta da wakokinta suna da nau'ikan nau'ikan kide-kide ko salo daban-daban. Abiana kuma tana buga guitar.  A wata hira da ta yi da Graphic Showbiz, Abiana ta ambaci Alicia Keys a matsayin abin koyi. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Mahaifiyar Abiana Esther Mawusi Kofitse ta rasu ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2021 tana da shekara 61. 

## Waƙoƙi

### Albums da mixtapes

* *Alemle Lala (Wakoki daga Nuwamba)* (2021) 

### Ɗaiɗaiku

* *Adun lei* (2020) 
* *Amen (2020) *
* *Bo Nɔŋŋ Ni* (2021) 
* *Me and You *

**shiga ta musamman** 

* *Bolgatanga girl* Okyeame Kwame ft. Abiana x Atongo Zimba 

## Kyaututtuka da zaɓe

## Magana
Comfort Annor

**Comfort Annor** (1949 - 22 Fabrairu 2015) mawaƙin Ghana ce da aka sani da muryarta mai sanyaya zuciya, wacce ta saba tsakanin mezzo-soprano da contralto a cikin 1990s.  

## Haihuwa da mutuwa
Annor, wanda aka fi sani da Ama Otu Be, ya kasance shugaban Cocin Fentikos kuma ya fito daga Adukrom a yankin tsakiyar Ghana . Ta haifi 'ya'ya bakwai. 

Annor ya mutu a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu 2015 a Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, yana da shekaru 66.    Ba a bayyana dalilin da ya sa ba, kodayake tana da ciwon hanta da koda tun Oktoba 2014. 

## Wakoki
Wakokin Comfort sun hada da "Asaase Dahɔ Gyan", "W'awo Me ɔba", "Abraham Sarah", "Mewo Agyapadeɛ" da "Hena Na W'aye". Babban kundinta shine "Dom Hene", wanda aka saki a 2006 tare da waƙoƙi goma.

## Magana
Kungiyar Mata ta Ayyukan Jama'a

Ligue Féminine d'Action Sociale ƙungiya ce ta mata a Haiti, wacce aka kafa a 1934. [1] [2] An kafa ta ne ta babban mai fafutuka Yvonne Sylvain a cikin shekarar 1934. Ita ce kungiya ta farko ta mata a Haiti, kuma ta taka muhimmiyar rawa ga gwagwarmayar zaɓen mata, wanda a ƙarshe aka gabatar da shi a cikin 1950. [3]

## Tarihi
A kan wannan koma baya na adawa da mata masu ci gaba da mamaye sojojin Amurka na Haiti (1915-1934) Alice Garoute na cikin wadanda suka kafa a 1934 na Ligue Féminine d'Action Sociale (aka Feminine League for Social Action ) da shugabanta wanda ya fara a 1941. Ta yi jawabai da dama masu ratsa jiki da rubuce-rubuce a Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa don samar da daidaito ga mata tare da tabbatar da hujjarta da tarurruka daban-daban da Haiti ta rattaɓawa hannu don tallafawa 'yancin mata. 

Bayan Alice Garoute, membobin ƙungiyar da suka kafa kungiyar sun hada da: Madeleine Sylvain, Fernande Bellegarde, Thérèse Hudicourt, Esther Dartigue, Alice Téligny Mathon, Marie-Thérèse Colimon, Marie-Thérèse Poitevien da Yvonne Hakim na zamantakewa da yawa. A cikin Afrilu 1935, Ƙungiyar ta nemi Esther Dartigue ta ba da jawabi game da ilimin mata a Haiti, wanda aka gudanar a Cibiyar D'Etudes Universitaires, kuma ta ce abin takaici matan ba su da ilimi sosai. (Kashi 3 cikin 100 na ’yan matan da ke yankunan karkara ne suka halarci makaranta kuma da yawa daga cikin waxanda suka daina zuwa makaranta, kuma har zuwa 1944 babu makarantun sakandare na ’ya’ya mata a cikin birane.) Jawabin ya jawo hankulan jama’a, kuma jaridun ƙasar sun yi la’akari da su sosai.

Manufofin gasar sun sami goyon bayan bangaren hagu na siyasa kuma sun hada da: karin makarantu na 'yan mata, daidaito ga mata a cikin dokokin iyali, daidaiton albashi ga daidaiton aiki, 'yancin jefa kuri'a ga mata, kungiyoyin kwadago na kyauta da ma'aikatar kwadago tare da ofishin mata. Gwamnati dai ta dakatar da kungiyar ne bayan kafuwarta wani lokaci bayan kafa kungiyar amma an sake kafa kungiyar a lokacin da ta amince ta yi nazarin manufofinta maimakon aiwatar da su cikin gaggawa. An yaba da gasar saboda nasarar yin kamfen na yancin zaɓe na mata wanda a ƙarshe aka ba da shi a cikin 1957. 

### Taron farko na Matan Haiti
Kungiyar ta shirya taron farko na matan Haiti a ranar 10-14 ga Afrilu, 1950, karkashin kulawar shugabanta mai daraja, Uwargidan Shugaban kasa Lucienne Heurtelou Estimé. Alice Garoute ta ba da jawabi na musamman game da yanayin ilimin matan Haiti inda ta ce matan da suka yi makaranta tun 1940 a makarantu masu zaman kansu uku da suka yarda da su sun yi da maza. Ta kuma koka da cewa mata a Haiti a lokacinta ana kula da su kamar yadda Napoleon 's Code Noir (aka Napoleon's Black Code): "kamar yara da masu tabin hankali". A bikin rufe majalisar Alice Garoute da wasu fitattun mata sun gabatar da jerin bukatu a hukumance. 

## Manazarta
Ruth Blair (yar wasan kwaikwayo)

Ruth Blair (an haife ta a watan Yuli 13, na shekara ta 1891 - Fabrairu 24, 1957), an haife ta Ruth Naomi Powell, 'yar fim ce ta Amurka a fina-finai da aka yi a 1915 da 1916.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Ruth Naomi Powell a Williamsport, Pennsylvania .  Mahaifiyarta ta mutu lokacin da Ruth ke da shekaru 12. Kocin wasan kwaikwayo na New York Ada Dow Currier ya dauke ta "wani Julia Marlowe".

## Ayyuka
A shekara ta 1915 Blair ta lashe binciken baiwa a duk fadin kasar  kuma ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku tare da Kamfanin Fim na Smallwood don fitowa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo.  Ta fito a cikin fina-finai masu shiru The Law of Nature (1915), Canned Curiosity (1915),  *Matarsa ta baya* (1915), Pyramid Pictures (1915),  The Fourth Estate (1916),  His Promise (1916), da The Folly of Fear (1916). [4]

An dauki Blair a matsayin kyakkyawa da salo,   "'cikakken Parisian talatin da shida' na salon da ba shi da kyau, wanda aka fi sha'awar shi sosai a kwanakin nan a allon da kuma gaban fitilu.  Ta tsara tufafinta  kuma ta ji daɗin nishaɗi na waje, musamman hawa da daukar hoto. Ta yi amfani da hat din Easter don mujallar Photoplay a 1916,  kuma an nuna ta a bangon mujallar *Motography* a watan Janairun 1916. 

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Kodayake ana kiranta "Miss Blair" a cikin talla, Powell ta auri masanin ilimin hakora, Charles Harrison Blair, a cikin 1909. Suna da 'ya'ya hudu, 'ya'yan maza biyu da aka haifa kafin ta takaitaccen aikin fim, da' ya'ya mata biyu, da aka haife su bayan haka. Blair ya mutu a shekara ta 1957, yana da shekaru 65, a Fresno, California . 

## Manazarta
Lucila Rubio de Laverde

Lucila Rubio de Laverde (1908-1970) [1] yar gurguzu ce ta Colombia kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu neman zaɓe a ƙasarta. Ta kasance malami kuma mace ta farko da ta gabatar da bukatar kada kuri'a ga shugaban kasar Colombia.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Rubio a Facatativa, Colombia.  Ta fara fafutuka ne tun a shekarun 1930, lokacin da ta yi gwagwarmayar kwato 'yancin mata na tattalin arziki. Ta yunƙura a kafa dokar da ta ba da yarjejeniya kafin aure, ta kasance mai goyon bayan zaman tare kuma ta yi magana game da yadda Ikilisiya ke mu'amala da mata. 

A cikin 1940s, Rubio ya zama ɗaya daga cikin jagororin ƙungiyoyin 'yancin mata na Colombia kuma mafi mahimmancin zaɓe.   Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa The Unión Femenina de Colombia (Union's Union of Colombia) (UFC), wanda aka ƙirƙira a Bogota a cikin 1944. UFC ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mahimman ƙungiyoyin mata a wannan lokacin. Ya bazu zuwa wasu garuruwa kuma ya inganta yancin jefa kuri'a, ilimin mata, da hakkokin 'yan kasa. Rubio de Laverde ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar  kuma ya kasance shugaban ƙungiyar Alianza Femenina de Colombia (Ƙungiyar Mata ta Colombia), wacce aka kafa a wannan shekarar.  A cikin 1944,  UFC ta tattara sa hannun sama da 500  suna dannawa don kada kuri'a kuma Rubio de Laverde ya gabatar da su ga Shugaba Alfonso López Pumarejo, yana neman mata 'yancin kada kuri'a. 

Ta rubuta wa *Agitación Femenina*  daga 1944-1946.  Rubio de Laverde ya rubuta game da matsalolin zamantakewa a Colombia daga hangen nesa na mata, tare da haɗin gwiwa a jaridu da mujallu irin su *Pax et Libertas*, *Verdad* da *Dominical* . Ta kafa Kwalejin Froevel, wanda ke aiki tsawon shekaru takwas, kuma ta ba da laccoci a Makarantar Sabis na Jama'a, Cibiyar Mata ta Jami'ar Kyauta da Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca. 

A Kolombiya, ta halarci taron zaben 1945 da taron 1946 inda ta yi gargadin cewa kada mata su takaita a gidajensu amma su zama cikakkun 'yan kasa.  Ta kuma halarci Primer Congreso Interamericano de Mujeres da aka gudanar a Guatemala City, Guatemala a 1947  kuma ta jagoranci zaman karshe inda aka tsara kudurori.  Ta halarci taron mata na Amurka na biyu, kuma ta halarci taron Majalisar Mata ta Duniya na 1960 a Warsaw . A cikin 1962, ta halarci taron 15th Congress of the League of Peace and Freedom  da aka gudanar a San Francisco kuma ta shiga cikin muhawarar gwajin makaman nukiliya.  A cikin 1963, Rubio ya halarci aikin hajjin mata don zaman lafiya a Rome da Geneva. 

## Manazarta

## Littafi Mai Tsarki

*  

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* 
* Lucila Rubio de Laverde, feminista  Disfruta lo mejor de Colombia
Holly Block

**Holly  Block** (an Wataƙila ana tunawa da ita mafi kyau saboda lokacin da take babban darakta na Gidan Tarihi na Bronx . Block ita ce babban darakta na gidan kayan gargajiya daga shekara ta 2006 har zuwa mutuwarta a shekara ta 2017 kuma a lokacin wannan lokacin ta kafa shigarwa kyauta kuma ta ninka yawan baƙi zuwa ma'aikatar sau huɗu.A cikin 2013 Ma'aikatar Jiha ta zaɓi Gidan Tarihi na Bronx don yin gidan kayan gargajiya na Amurka a Venice Biennale wanda hakan ya zaɓi nune-nunen aikin Sarah Sze wanda Block da Carey Lovelace suka tsara. .haife ta ne a ranar 24 ga watan Disamba, na shekara ta 1958 - 6 ga Oktoba, 2017) ta kasance gidan kayan gargajiya na Amurka kuma darektan zane-zane.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Block a ranar Kirsimeti ta 1958 a Princeton, New Jersey, kuma an sanya masa suna ne saboda tsire-tsire na gargajiya na bikin. Ta girma mafi yawa a Washington, DC, kuma ta halarci makarantar Georgetown Day School . Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin daukar hoto da zane-zane daga Kwalejin Bennington da ke Bennington, Vermont, a shekarar 1980. Bayan kwaleji ta koma Gundumar Columbia kuma ta tafi aiki don Washington Project for the Arts, daga ƙarshe ta zama mai kula da aikinta.

Block ta zo Birnin New York a 1983, bayan ya yi aiki tare da Colab a kan Ritz Hotel Project . Daga 1988 har zuwa 2004 ta kasance darakta na madadin Tribeca art space Art in General .

Wataƙila ana tunawa da ita mafi kyau saboda lokacin da take babban darakta na Gidan Tarihi na Bronx .  Block ita ce babban darakta na gidan kayan gargajiya daga shekara ta 2006 har zuwa mutuwarta a shekara ta 2017 kuma a lokacin wannan lokacin ta kafa shigarwa kyauta kuma ta ninka yawan baƙi zuwa ma'aikatar sau huɗu. A cikin 2013 Ma'aikatar Jiha ta zaɓi Gidan Tarihi na Bronx don yin gidan kayan gargajiya na Amurka a Venice Biennale wanda hakan ya zaɓi nune-nunen aikin Sarah Sze wanda Block da Carey Lovelace suka tsara.

An haɗa hotonta a cikin jerin darektan zane-zane na mata ta hanyar mai zane Amy Chaiklin . https://www.amychaiklin.com/cultured-pearls

## Manazarta
Henrietta Müller

**Frances Henrietta Müller** (1846 - 4 Janairu Shekara ta 1906) yar gwagwarmayar yancin mata ta Biritaniya ce kuma masanin tauhidi .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Müller a Valparaíso, Chile ga William Müller, ɗan kasuwan Jamus, da Maria Henrietta Müller wadda 'yar Turanci ce. [1] Tun tana yarinya, ta sami ɗan ƙaramin karatu a makarantar amma tana magana da yaruka shida kuma an shigar da ita Kwalejin Girton a Jami'ar Cambridge a 1873. A nan ne ta shiga cikin harkar mata, inda ta taimaka wajen samun ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago na mata da Ƙungiyar Buga ta Mata tare da Emma Paterson . [2]

Müller ya bar Cambridge a shekara ta 1878 kuma a cikin wannan shekarar ya tsaya takarar kujerar Hukumar Makarantun Landan. Kamfen din nata ya yi nasara, kuma ta kasance daya daga cikin mata na farko a hukumar.   A cikin wa'adinta, ta shawo kan hukumar ta dauki ma'aikata mata - "ta nuna cewa wannan zai adana kudi tun lokacin da aka biya mata kasa da maza" - kuma yana da hannu tare da Annie Leigh Browne da Mary Stewart Kilgour wajen kafa dakin zama na farko na mata ( Hall Hall ) a Bloomsbury kafin barin hukumar a 1885. 

A cikin Shekara ta 1883 Müller, da sauransu, sun kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙaddamar da Komawar Mata a matsayin Masu Tsaron Doka maras kyau, suna ganin cewa aiki a cikin tsarin Doka mara kyau ya fi dacewa da mata. Ta kasance memba na zartarwa na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun , amma ta yi murabus a cikin 1888 lokacin da kungiyar ta bayyana ƙasidu game da maganin hana haihuwa a matsayin "mugayen wallafe-wallafe"; Müller ya yi imanin cewa rigakafin hana haihuwa zai iya ƙarfafa mata. Har ila yau, ta kasance a cikin kwamitin zartarwa na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Mata ta Ƙasa kuma ta kasance mai goyon bayan motsin fushi. 

Müller ya rubuta kasidu da dama ga *Westminster Review* wanda ya tattauna batun karfafa mata marasa aure da sukar auren zamani.  A 1888 ta kafa nata na lokaci-lokaci, *The Women's Penny Paper* (daga baya mai suna *Alamar Mata* ), jaridar mata ta farko a London;  ta gyara takardar a ƙarƙashin sunan alkalami Helena B. Temple.

A shekara ta 1891, Müller ya janye daga siyasa da gwagwarmayar mata, kuma ya shiga Theosophical Society . A shekara ta gaba ta tafi Indiya a matsayin malama a madadin al'umma kuma ta zama sanannun "mafi kyawun mace-mace".  Bayan ganawa da Swami Vivekananda a Majalisar Addinai na Duniya a 1893 ta gyara wasu littattafansa, ciki har da *Lectures daga Colombo zuwa Almora*, wanda aka buga a 1897. Ta ɗauki ɗan Bengali a 1895. Daga baya ta koma kasar Sin sannan kuma ta koma kasar Amurka, inda ta rasu a shekarar 1906 a birnin Washington, DC, an bar wa 'yar uwarta Eva McLaren, wata mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata, ba tare da ambaton dan da ta dauka a cikin wasiyyarta ba.

## Manazarta
Ellen Starr Brinton

**Ellen Starr Brinton** (Maris, 16, 1886 - Yuli 2, 1954)  ta kasance mai zaman lafiya na Amurka, mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam kuma mai adana bayanai. Ta wakilci Kungiyar Mata ta Duniya don Zaman Lafiya da 'Yanci (WILPF) a cikin gida da kuma duniya kuma an san ta da laccocinta game da tafiye-tafiyen aiki a kasashen waje da kuma batun zaman lafiya. Brinton shine mai kula da farko na Jane Addams Peace Collection wanda daga baya ya zama Swarthmore College Peace Collection (SCPC).  Brinton ta kasance Quaker kuma mai goyon bayan mata.

## Ayyuka
An haifi Brinton a West Chester, Pennsylvania . Ta shiga cikin rarraba abincin yaki a Pennsylvania a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na I.  Ta yi aikin talla don Gudanar da Abinci a Philadelphia .  Ta kuma rubuta wa wata jarida ta gida.

Brinton ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatariyar filin reshen Pennsylvania na Kungiyar Mata ta Duniya don Zaman Lafiya da 'Yanci (WILPF)   a cikin 1920s da farkon 1930s.  A wannan matsayin, ta wakilci WILPF a duniya. Ta bukaci WILPF da ta tsayayya da tashin hankali a Cuba da kuma Amurka da ta daina tsoma baki a harkokin Cuba. Brinton ya fara aikin Amurka don tattara sunayen masu fafutukar zaman lafiya na Latin Amurka a 1934, daga ƙarshe ya sami jerin sunayen 170 daga kasashe 21 daban-daban. Ta ba da lacca game da tafiye-tafiye da yawa da wasiku tare da masu fafutukar zaman lafiya na duniya,    kuma The Philadelphia Inquirer ya dauke ta a matsayin sanannen malami.

Brinton ta fara Swarthmore College Peace Collection (SCPC) a cikin 1935.  Ita ce ta farko mai kula da tarin, wanda ya ƙunshi takardun Jane Addams da sauran tushe waɗanda ke kusa da shekaru 300. Brinton ta ninka girman tarin sau biyu, ta hanyar karɓar tushe masu dacewa daga Laburaren Majalisa don haɗa su a cikin tarihinta na SCPC. Ta kuma sami wasu takardun Addams a cikin 1951, wanda aka saka a cikin akwatin kuma aka sanya shi a cikin shagon Addams. Brinton ce ta fara tattara takardu na musamman na hatimi da hatimi. Brinton ta yi ritaya daga ɗakin karatu a shekara ta 1951.

Brinton ta taimaka wajen gano gidan Media Fellowship House kuma an gina reshe na gidan ta amfani da kudi daga asusun tunawa.

Bayan mutuwarta, wakilan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da sauransu sun gudanar da kide-kide a cikin ƙwaƙwalwarta.

## Manazarta
Leolinda Daltro

Leolinda de Figueiredo Daltro (14 Yuli 1859 - 4 ga Mayu 1935) [1] malamin mata ne ɗan ƙasar Brazil, mai fafutukar kare hakkin 'yan asalin ƙasar. [2] A cikin 1910, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Jam'iyyar Republican Feminino (Partido Republicano Feminino), wacce ta ba da shawarar 'yancin mata na Brazil na zaɓe. [3]

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Leolinda Daltro a jihar Bahia . Ta ƙaura zuwa Rio de Janeiro tare da mijinta na biyu da ’ya’yanta biyar don koyarwa. A cikin 1896 ta zagaya ko'ina cikin ƙauyen cikin manufa don ba da ilimi na yau da kullun ga 'yan asalin Brazil da kuma taimakawa wajen haɗa su da sabuwar jamhuriya . Ta kafa kanta a cikin mutanen Xerente na halin yanzu na Tocantins . Bambanta da ayyukan addini, Leolinda ta yi imani da ilimin boko ga ƴan ƙasar, kuma ta ba da shawarar a ware ƙasarsu da kuma mutunta al'adunsu. 

Daltro ya koma Rio a 1897. Ta kafa Grêmio Patriótico Leolinda Daltro don kare haƙƙin ƴan asalin ƙasar. Ta zama abokiyar , matar shugaban kasa Hamisa da Fonseca . Sun kafa Escola Orsina da Fonseca, makarantar koyon sana'a inda mata suka koyi fasaha, kimiyya da fasaha. Ta kuma kafa Linha de Tiro Feminino (Layin Shooting na Mata), kamar yadda Daltro ya yi imanin cewa ya kamata mata su kirga a matsayin 'yan ƙasa kuma suna da 'yancin kare ƙasarsu. 

Kundin tsarin mulkin Brazil na 1891 ya hana mata kada kuri'a. Daltro ya kafa Partido Republicano Feminino (Jam'iyyar Republican ta mata) a cikin 1910, tare da wasu mata, ciki har da mawaƙin Gilka Machado, suna gwagwarmaya don 'yancin mata na zaɓe. Jam'iyyar ta samu kwarin gwuiwa ne daga 'yan takarar Biritaniya . A shekara ta 1917, jam'iyyarta ta jagoranci zanga-zangar neman zaben mata a Rio de Janeiro, wanda mata 90 suka halarta. 

A cikin 1919, Daltro ta gabatar da takararta na zanga-zangar don *intendente* ( magajin gari) na Rio, a matsayin wata hanya ta wayar da kan jama'a game da motsin suffragist.  Bayan PRF, an kafa wata kungiyoyin kare hakkin mata, irin su Federação Brasileira pelo Progresso Feminino, wanda Bertha Lutz ya kafa a 1922. A ƙarshe mata sun sami damar yin zaɓe a 1932. 

## Mutuwa
Daltro ya mutu a ranar 4 ga Mayu, 1935, yana da shekaru 75, bayan da wata mota ta buge ta. 

## Manazarta
Hortensia Lamar

Hortensia Lamar y Delmonte (1888 - 1967) [1] [2] yar takarar Kuba ce kuma ƴar ƙwallon ƙafa . Ita ce shugabar Club Femenino de Cuba da Federación Nacional de Asociaciones Femeninas

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Lamar ga wani gida mai arziki daga Matanzas .  

## Sana'a
Lamar ya kasance wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban Club Femenino de Cuba da Federación Nacional de Asociaciones Femeninas.   Ta shirya mujallu na hukuma, *La mujer moderna*, "mafi yawan tsattsauran ra'ayi na siyasa na mujallu na zamaninsa".  Ƙungiyar ƙungiyoyin mata ta Cuba ta yi yaƙin neman zaɓen mata, kotunan yara, 'yancin ma'aikata, da ilimin mata. 

Lamar, "mai kuzari" "shugaban haihuwa",   yayi kamfen don sake fasalin shige da fice don kawar da fataucin jima'i, shan muggan kwayoyi, da karuwanci a Cuba .   Ta kuma shiga cikin 'yan matan Cuban da suka nemi daidaitattun 'ya'yan da aka haifa ga iyaye mata.   "Mu tada uwa, mu tashi mu kare 'ya'yanta." Ta fadi haka ne a wani jawabi ga Majalisar Mata ta Kasa ta Biyu a shekarar 1925.  Ta yi aiki a hukumar kula da mata ta duniya,  ta wakilci Cuba a taron mata na farko na duniya a 1926,  kuma ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Ba da Shawarar Mata na Cibiyar Hispano-Cubana de Cultura.  Ta kuma nuna adawa da fadan bijimai a Cuba. 

Bayan da shugaban kasar Cuba Gerardo Machado ya kasa cika alkawarin amincewa da 'yancin mata na Cuba na kada kuri'a, Lamar ya bi sahun masu adawa da Machado, lamarin da ya taimaka wajen kayar da gwamnatinsa.  A cikin 1933, ta shiga cikin tattaunawar zaman lafiya a Havana, wanda jami'in diflomasiyyar Amurka Sumner Welles ya taimaka.   "Lamar ba ta da kunya, kuma Welles ya ɗauki ta da mahimmanci," in ji Philip Dur da Christopher Gilcrease a cikin 2002.  Ita da sauran shugabannin mata sun gana da shugaba na gaba, Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, kuma an amince da 'yancin mata na Cuba a cikin 1934.

## Labarai

* "La lucha contra la prostitución y la trata de blancas" (1923, "Fight Against Prostitution and the White Slave Trade")  
* "Protección y defensa del hogar cubano" (1923) 
* "La mujer cubana: Su preparación y concepto social de la vida" (1932) 
* "Cuida la adolescencia de tü hija" (1935) 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Lamar ya mutu a cikin 1967, a ƙarshen shekarunta saba'in,  "har yanzu tana da girma a cikin tsufanta." 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Wasiƙar 1938 daga Hortensia Lamar zuwa marubuci ɗan ƙasar Chile Gabriela Mistral, a cikin Biblioteca Nacional de Chile
Janet Morison Miller

Janet Morison Miller (Nuwamba 12, 1891 - Afrilu 5, 1946 [1] ) ita ce mace ta farko da ta fara shiga cikin jerin gwano a Newfoundland Law Society, a cikin Dominion na Newfoundland, United Kingdom.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi 'yar ƙaramar Lewis Miller da Mary Morison, Miller a St. John's, Newfoundland ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 1891. Ta halarci Kwalejin Bishop Spencer, St. John's, inda ta sami lambar yabo ta Ubangiji Bishop's Scripture kuma ta yi takarar neman gurbin karatu na Jubilee. Miller yayi karatun doka a ofishin kawunta, Donald Morison, wanda shine babban lauyan Newfoundland. A cikin 1910, ta nemi Ƙungiyar Shari'a don a bincikar ta, amma Ƙungiyar Shari'a ta ƙi a kan dalilin cewa an iyakance zama memba ga maza.

## Al'ummar doka
A babban taron shekara-shekara na al'umma na gaba, Morison ya gabatar da kudirin neman a bar mata su shiga cikin al'umma. An ki amincewa da bukatarsa. Duk da haka, a matsayinsa na memba mai tasiri na gwamnati, ya shawo kan majalisar zartarwa ta gyara Dokar Ƙungiyar Lauya a 1911 don ba wa mata 'yancin zama membobin lauya a Newfoundland.  A cikin 1913 Miller ya zama ɗalibin shari'a a kamfanin kawunta.

## A Scotland
A cikin 1915, bayan yakin duniya na ɗaya, Janet da mahaifiyarta sun ƙaura zuwa Scotland, inda ango Janet, Eric Ayre, ya kasance tare da Regiment na Newfoundland . Janet da Eric sun yi aure a Edinburgh a ranar 19 ga Yuni, 1915. Bayan fiye da shekara guda, an kashe Eric a Beaumont-Hamel .  

## A Ingila
Bayan mutuwar Eric, Janet, tare da mahaifiyarta da surukarta, Janet sun ƙaura zuwa kudancin Ingila. Ta yi aiki tare da Ƙungiyar agaji ta Sa-kai (VAD) na Red Cross ta Burtaniya a cikin Ƙungiyar Berkshire ta 1st kuma ta horar da direban motar asibiti.

## A Newfoundland
Bayan yakin, ta koma Newfoundland, amma ba ta koma nazarin shari'a ba. Maimakon haka, ta shiga 'yar'uwarta, Agnes Miller Ayre, don zama babban dan wasa a cikin yunkurin zaɓe a farkon 1920s, yana taimakawa wajen lashe matan Newfoundland 'yancin yin zabe. Ta taimaka ta sami Ƙungiyar Kula da Yara ta Art Society da NONIA .  A ranar 30 ga Afrilu, 1924, ta auri Andrew H. Murray, wani ɗan kasuwan St. John, kuma sun haifi 'ya ɗaya. Janet ta mutu a St. John's ranar 5 ga Afrilu, 1946, bayan gajeriyar rashin lafiya. 

## Ganewar bayan mutuwa
A ranar 14 ga Oktoba, 2016, Janet ta zama lauya mai daraja, tare da mambobi huɗu na Regiment na Newfoundland da suka mutu a Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya. An baje kolin takaddun shaida na doka da ke ɗauke da sunayensu ga kotu tare da takwarorinsu biyar na zamani. 

## Manazarta
Esther na Mézerville

Esther de Mézerville Ossaye (29 Afrilu 1885 - 1971) malama ce ta Guatemala, ƴan mata, ɗan takara kuma mai fafutuka wacce ta yi aiki don taimakawa mata su sami ƙuri'a a Costa Rica.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Esther de Mézerville Ossaye a Guatemala a ranar 29 ga Afrilu 1885 ga mahaifin baƙi Bafaranshe, Émile de Mézerville Coupé da matarsa haifaffen Kanada, Noémie Ossaye Millelot. Lokacin da mahaifinta ya mutu, mahaifiyar Esther ta yi hijira tare da 'ya'yanta zuwa Costa Rica a 1898.  Tun tana yarinya, ta yi tafiya kuma ta yi karatu a Faransa, Belgium da Switzerland.  A 1907, ta koma Costa Rica kuma ta fara koyar da Faransanci a San José, Costa Rica .  A cikin 1908, ta zama shugabar Escuela Superior de Niñas na tsawon shekaru bakwai kuma a cikin 1917 aka nada Inspector Technical Inspector of Schools na San José. Ta kasance mai aiki a cikin 1919 motsi a kan manufofin aiki na Shugaba Federico Tinoco Granados,  wanda ya ƙare a cikin yajin aikin malami kuma malamai sun kunna wuta ga *La Información*, ofishin jaridar gwamnati.  Yajin aikin, wanda Ángela Acuña Braun ya jagoranta ya haɗa da malamai kamar kuma Matilde Carranza, Ana Rosa Chacón, Lilia González, Carmen Lyra, Victoria Madrigal, Vitalia Madrigal, María Ortiz, Teodora Ortiz, Ester Silva da Andrea Venegas . 

Bayan da aka hambarar da mulkin kama-karya na Tinoco, an nada ta a matsayin darekta, a cikin 1922, na Colegio Superior de Señoritas  kuma shekara ta gaba ta shiga tare da Acuña wajen kafa La Liga Feminista Costarricense (LFC), ƙungiyar mata ta farko a Costa Rica. Ta zama mataimakiyar shugabar ƙungiyar kuma ta taimaka wajen ja-gorancin dogon gwagwarmayar neman zaɓe a Costa Rica.  De Mezerville ya yi murabus daga mukamin darektan makaranta a 1926 kuma ya fara rangadin Turai da Arewacin Afirka ciki har da Aljeriya, Faransa Morocco, Faransa, Italiya da Spain. Dawowa, a cikin 1931, ta sake shiga tare da Acuña wajen gabatar da gyara ga majalisar dokoki don baiwa mata 'yancin jefa kuri'a. 

De Mezerville ya yi aiki a kan hukumar da kwamitocin kungiyoyi masu yawa. Ta shiga cikin majalisa don kafa kudaden ritaya ga malamai a 1934 kuma memba na Kwamitin Archaeology da Pre-Columbian Art a wannan shekarar. A cikin 1940s, ta yi aiki tare da Anti-Nazi National Front kuma ta kasance wakili a taron zaman lafiya na Inter-American da aka gudanar a Chapultepec, Mexico City a 1945. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar kungiyoyin White Cross da Red Cross na Costa Rica kuma a cikin 1948 ta sami Medal of Merit daga reshen Costa Rica na Red Cross.  Daga 1946 zuwa 1950, ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar kwamitin bankin na kungiyar malamai ta kasa. A cikin 1949, an zaɓi ta a matsayin "Mace ta Shekara" ta sashin Costa Rica na Unión de Mujeres Americanas . 

De Mezerville ya mutu a 1971 a San José, Costa Rica. 

## Manazarta
Gandun Daji da aka kebe don noma da Kiwo

sune ciyawa, shrublands, gandun daji, wetlands, da hamada waɗanda dabbobi na gida ko dabbobin daji ke kiwo. Nau'o'in tsaunuka sun haɗa da tsaunuka masu tsawo da gajerun ciyawa, wuraren ciyawa da wuraren shrubs, gandun daji, savannah, chaparrals, steppes, da tundras. Rangelands ba su haɗa da gandun daji da ba su da tsire-tsire masu tsire-shuke, hamada mara kyau, gonaki, ko ƙasar da aka rufe da dutse mai ƙarfi, kankare, ko kankara.

sun bambanta da filayen makiyaya saboda suna girma da tsire-tsire na asali maimakon tsire-shuke da mutane suka kafa. Hakanan ana sarrafa filayen musamman tare da ayyuka kamar kula da kiwon dabbobi da wuta mai ba da umarni maimakon ayyukan noma masu zurfi na shuka, ban ruwa, da amfani da taki.
## Manazarta
Proscovia Nalweyiso

**Proscovia Nalweyiso**, babbar jami'ar sojan Uganda ce a rundunar sojojin Uganda (UPDF).  A matsayi ta Laftanar-Janar, ita ce mace mafi girma a matsayin jami'in soja, a cikin sojojin Uganda.  

## Tarihi
An haife ta a watan Yuni shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da hamsin da hudu 1954, a gundumar Mpigi, a cikin iyali mai yara 20.   A cikin shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da saba'in da Tara 1979, ta fara aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta da buga rubutu a yankinta. A wannan lokacin, ta zama memba mai ƙwazo a Jam'iyyar Demokraɗiyya ta Ugandan.  

Bayan zaɓen ƙasa na Uganda na shekarar 1980 da kuma kafa kungiyar Resistance Army (NRA), Nalweyiso ta shiga cikin daji a cikin shekarar 1982.  

## Aikin soja
A cikin shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da tamanin da uku 1983 an kafa wata ƙungiya ta mata mayakan NRA kuma an naɗa Nalweyiso a matsayin kwamandanta. A shekara mai zuwa, an ƙaura a ruƙunin daga gundumar Luweero a tsakiyar Uganda zuwa Yammacin Uganda.  

A cikin shekarar 1985, sashin Nalweyiso ta ba da umarni, ta shiga cikin sojojin NRA da suka kai hari barikin sojoji na Mbarara. Bayan wannan turawa, Ƙungiyar Mata ta NRA ta zauna a Fort Portal, har sai da yakin ya ƙare a shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da tamanin da shidda 1986. 

A shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da tamanin da shidda 1986, lokacin da NRA ta kwace mulki, an baiwa Nalweyiso muƙamin kyaftin, kuma ta naɗa kwamandan reshen mata 800 na soja, a lokacin. Ta ci gaba da samun matsayi kuma a shekara ta dubu biyu daidai 2000 ta kasance a matsayin Laftanar Kanal.  

Sama da shekaru goma kafin kara mata girma zuwa Manjo Janar, ta yi aiki a gidan gwamnatin Uganda a matsayin mataimakinya da mai bawa shugaban Uganda shawara kan harkokin soji.   

A cikin watan Fabrairun shekarar dubu biyu da sha’tara 2019, a cikin wani atisayen gabatarwa wanda ya shafi maza da mata sama da 2,000 na UPDF, an kara mata girma daga muƙamin Major-General zuwa Laftanar-Janar. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
A cikin shekarar 1974, yayin da take farar hula, Nalweyiso ta auri wani hafsan soja. Daga baya ta rabu da mijinta. Ita ce mahaifiyar 'ya'ya huɗu.  

## Manazarta
Wurin yin Kiwo na Dabbobi

ƙasa ce da ake amfani da ita don kiwo. kiwo a cikin ma'anar da ta fi girma ya haɗa da wuraren kiwo, wasu tsarin kiwo da ba a rufe su ba, da nau'ikan ƙasa da dabbobi na daji ke amfani da su don kiwo ko bincike.Yankunan makiyaya a cikin ƙayyadadden ma'ana sun bambanta da filayen makiyaya ta hanyar sarrafa su ta hanyar ayyukan noma masu zurfi na shuka, ban ruwa, da amfani da taki, yayin da filayen ke girma da farko tsire-tsire na asali, ana sarrafa su tare da ayyuka masu yawa kamar sarrafa ƙonewa da daidaitaccen ƙarfin kiwo.
## Manazarta