John Devitt

**John Thomas Devitt**, AM  (4 ga Fabrairu 1937 - 17 ga Agusta 2023) ya kasance mai tsere na Australiya na tsere mai tsere a shekarun 1950 da 1960, wanda ya lashe lambar zinare a tseren mita 100 a gasar Olympics ta 1960 a Roma . Ya ci nasara a cikin yanayi mai rikitarwa, an ba shi lambar zinare duk da cewa masu kula da lokaci suna yin rikodin lokaci mai jinkiri fiye da dan wasan azurfa na Amurka Lance Larson. Ya kuma yi ikirarin lambar zinare a gasar Olympics ta 1956 a Melbourne, a cikin mita 4×200.

## Tarihi
Ya girma kawai mita 250 (820  daga Granville Olympic Pool, Devitt ya *Koyi Yin iyo* a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin Koyi zuwa Yin iyo da gwamnati ke tallafawa. Ya fara karatu a makarantar firamare ta iyali mai tsarki, The Trongate, South Granville, sannan daga baya a Parramatta_Marist_High_School" id="mwIA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Parramatta Marist High School">Makarantar Sakandare ta Parramatta Marist a Parramatta . Dukansu makarantun Roman Katolika ne, inda ya yi iyo a gasa don ƙungiyar makarantar. Tom Penny ne ya fara horar da Devitt a Clyde Swim Club, wanda ke zaune a Granville Pool, har sai da ya rushe a 1947 kuma ya koma Manly Swim Club tare da Penny. Devitt ya kasance memba na Swim Club. Penny sau da yawa yana barin masu iyo su horar da su a cikin ruwa mai dumi ta hanyar yin iyo da ruwa mai gudana daga tashar wutar lantarki ta White Bay. Barnacles da oysters sun bunƙasa a cikin wannan yanayin ruwan teku mai dumi. Sun girma a ko'ina, kuma musamman a kan duwatsu da kuma a kan tarin da ke tallafawa tashar jiragen ruwa. Don kariya masu iyo suna sa takalma, koda yayin da suke iyo. Devitt ya ce, "Kayan takalma masu dacewa da ke akwai a waɗancan kwanakin takalma ne na yashi, wanda ya ba mu damar tafiya lafiya a kasa. Takalman sun cika da ruwa kuma sun zama masu nauyi, saboda haka na haɓaka irin '2-beat Australian kick' wanda ya kasance tare da ni a duk lokacin da nake aiki". 

## Ayyukan yin iyo
Farkon shiga gasar ta kasa na Devitt ya kasance a gasar zakarun Australiya ta 1952, inda ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin inuwa na abokin kulob din Barry Darke, wanda ya kafa rikodin Australiya guda biyar a cikin rukunin shekarunsu. Devitt ya sake bin Darke a gasar zakarun 1953, amma Darke ya yi ritaya daga baya ya zama injiniya, ya bar Devitt ya mamaye rukunin shekarunsa. Koyaya, a cikin rukunin buɗewa, Jon Henricks sau da yawa ya doke shi a cikin abubuwan da suka faru, da Gary Chapman da Murray Rose a cikin abubuwan masu tsawo. Rose da Henricks sun ci gaba da neman zinare a gasar Olympics ta 1956 . A lokacin da yake da shekaru 18, tare da Henricks da farko ya kasance a gefe saboda rauni, an kira Devitt a matsayin kyaftin din tawagar New South Wales don Gasar Zakarun Australiya ta 1955. Koyaya, Henricks ya warke kuma ya sake Devitt zuwa azurfa a cikin 110-yadi freestyle. Ya kuma yi ikirarin azurfa a cikin 220-yadi, a bayan Rose. Shawarwarin Devitt na mai da hankali kan tsere ya haifar da rikici tare da Penny, sannan ya bar Penny kuma ya fara horar da kansa. Bayan ya fara komawa baya, Devitt ya yi la'akari da ritaya, har sai da ya shiga Sam Herford a Spit Baths tare da Murray Rose .

A gasar zakarun Australiya ta 1956, Devitt ya kammala na uku a cikin 110-yadi a bayan Henricks da Chapman, kuma na biyar a cikin 220-yadi a baya Chapman don samun zabin Olympics. Bayan sansanin horo na kasa na makonni goma a Tobruk Pool a Townsville, Queensland, an kira Devitt a matsayin kyaftin din kasa na gasar Olympics ta 1956 a Melbourne. Taron farko na Devitt shine mita 100 na kyauta, inda ya lashe zafi sannan kuma ya kai wasan kusa da na karshe don samun cancanta a matsayi na biyu don wasan karshe, inda ya dace da Henricks na mita 80 na farko, kafin Henricks ya tashi don neman zinariya. Chapman ya kammala tseren Australiya ta hanyar kammala na uku. Don 4×200-meter freestyle relay, Devitt ya yi sa'a ta huɗu mafi sauri a gasar zakarun Australiya. Bayan ya yi iyo mafi sauri a cikin zafi na ragowar, an zaba shi tare da Rose, Henricks, da Kevin O'Halloran don wasan karshe. 'Yan Australia sun lashe lambar zinare a lokacin rikodin duniya, tare da Devitt wanda ya fi sauri a cikin tseren.

A watan Janairun 1957, Devitt ya kafa rikodin duniya a duka mita 100 da 110-yadi, kuma ya saukar da rikodin duniya na mita 100 zuwa 54.6 seconds daga baya a wannan watan a Gasar Queensland. Daga nan sai ya lashe lambar yabo ta farko ta Australiya a cikin 110-yard freestyle . Tare da Henricks da Rose suna iyo da karatu a Amurka, Devitt ya zama babban mai zaman kansa na Australiya, kuma ya yanke shawarar ci gaba da aikinsa har zuwa Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 1960, yana tallafa wa kansa a matsayin mai binciken kiwon lafiya na Majalisar Birnin Townsville. A shekara ta 1958, bayan da ya yi ikirarin taken Australiya 110-yadi, ya yi ikirari na zinariya uku a wasannin Daular Burtaniya da Commonwealth na 1958 a Cardiff, Wales a cikin 110-yadi freestyle, da kuma 4×110-yadi freistyle da medley relays. A shekara ta 1959, Devitt ya sake saukar da 110-yard freestyle, amma daga baya John Konrads ya ci shi a gasar zakarun Australiya, wanda ya lashe kowane taken freestyle daga 110-yard zuwa 1650-yard events.

A shekara ta 1960 Devitt ya sake dawo da taken Australiya mai yadudduka 110, kuma a sansanin wasannin Olympics na bazara kafin 1960 a Townsville, ya karya rikodin rikodin 4×100 tare da Henricks, Geoff Shipton, da David Dickson. A gwajin 110-yadi, ya zo na uku a bayan Henricks da Shipton, kuma an zaba shi a matsayin wakilin Australiya na biyu, ta masu zabar da suka yi watsi da Shipton. Ya kuma kammala na biyar a cikin 220-yard freestyle kuma an fara barin shi daga cikin 4×200-meter freestyle relay team. An sake kiran Devitt kyaftin din kasa.

## Rayuwa da mutuwarsa
Devitt ya auri matarsa, Wendy Hogan, 'yar'uwar ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Australiya kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Paul Hogan, a 1961. Ya mutu a Sydney a ranar 17 ga watan Agusta 2023, yana da shekaru 86. 

## Daraja
An shigar da Devitt cikin Hall of Fame na Swimming na Duniya a matsayin "Mai Gudanar da Mai Girma" a shekara ta 1979.  da kuma Hall of Fame na Wasanni na Australia a shekarar 1986.  An sanya shi memba na Order of Australia a shekarar 1989,  kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta Wasannin Australia a shekarar 2000. 

## Bayanan littattafai

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#### MANAZARTA