open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Harshen War

**Yaren War** (wanda aka fi sani da **Waar** ko **War-Jaintia**), yare ne na Austroasiatic a cikin reshen Khasic wanda kusan mutane 16,000 ke magana a Bangladesh da mutane 51,000 a Indiya. 

B kamata a rikita shi da Yaƙin Khasi ba, yaren Khasi da War-Khyriam ke magana da shi.

## Dubi kuma

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Yanda Dogon

**Yanda Dogon** yare ne na Dogon da ake magana a Mali . An bayar da rahoton cewa yana da kama da Nanga, wanda aka sani ne kawai daga rahoto daya daga 1953.

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Tushen

* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 5] "Binciken harsunan Dogon a Mali: Bayani". OGMIOS: Jaridar Gidauniyar Harsuna Masu Hadari. 3.02 (26): 14–15. An samo shi a 2011-06-30.. 

## Haɗin waje

* Jerin kalmomin Yanda (Dendo da Blench, 2005)
Yangere harshe

**Yangere** yare ne na Ubangian na Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya . Yana da alaƙa da Banda ta Tsakiya.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Harshen Yaure

**Yaure** (Yaouré, Yohowré, Youré) yare ne na Mande na Ivory Coast . Harsuna sune Klan, Yaan, Taan, Yoo, Bhoo

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Zande harshe

**Zande** yare mafi girma daga cikin yarukan Zande. Azande ne ke magana da shi, da farko a arewa maso gabashin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo da yammacin Sudan ta Kudu, to amma kuma a gabashin Jëwrijin Afirka ta Tsakiya. Ana kiranta Pazande a cikin harshen Zande da Kizande a cikin Lingala.

Kimanin game  yawan masu magana ya bambanta; a cikin 2001 Koen Impens ya ambaci binciken da ya sanya lambar tsakanin 700,000 da miliyan ɗaya.

Babu wani yaren gi da ke fitowa a cikin harshen Zande kuma ƙananan bambanci ne kawai a cikin furtawa.

## Fasahar sauti

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

* Sautunan alveolar /d, z, nz, s, t, nd/ suna da allophones kamar sautunan palato-alveolar [d͡ʒ, ʒ, nʒ, ʃ, t͡ʃ, nd͡ʒ] lokacin da ke gaba da /i/.
* iya jin retroflex tap a matsayin alveolar trill [r] a cikin bambancin kyauta.

### Sautin sautin

## Tsarin rubuce-rubuce

 kafa ka'idojin rubutun Zande a taron harshe na Rejaf na 1928 [1] bin ka'idodin Cibiyar Afirka ta Duniya. [2]

Ana nuna sautunan da aka yi amfani da su ta amfani da tilde: ːã ẽ ĩ õ ũ.Consonants tare da sau biyu articulation suna wakiltar digraphs: Ōgb kp mv nv ny.

 shekara ta 1959, Archibald Norman Tucker ya buga haruffa na Zande da aka gabatar a lokacin Taron Bangenzi na shekara ta 1941. [1]
Yaren Zialo

Zialo (kai na *Ziolo*) yare ne da Mutanen Zialo ke magana a Guinea.

Harshen Zialo wanda yake na ƙungiyar Kudu maso Yammacin reshen Mande na dangin yaren Nijar-Congo kusan mutane 25,000 da ke zaune a lardin Macenta a kudu maso gabashin Guinea ne ke magana da shi. Yankin Zialo ya mamaye kauyuka sama da 50 (ciki har da cibiyoyin biyu na subprefectures). Kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na dukan Zialo suna zaune yanzu a cikin garuruwan da ke kusa da Macenta da Guéckédou, da kuma a cikin birnin Conakry. Harshen Zialo ba shi da tsarin rubuce-rubucen kansa; mutane suna amfani da Faransanci a duk takardun hukuma.

Zialo an gane shi a matsayin yare na musamman kuma masanin harshe na Moscow  , memba na Rukunin Harshen Rasha zuwa Guinea, ya yi nazari a cikin Janairu-Fabrairu 2010. Kafin wannan, an dauki Zialo a matsayin yaren nesa na yaren Loma, duk da haka, an gano manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin su biyu. Harshen sauti da sauti na Zialo suna kama da Loma, amma ƙamus da tsarin tsarin tsarin Zialo sun fi kusa da na Bandi da Mende. Zialo yana da halayyar amfani da sautin hanci da ƙwayoyin, tsarin da ya dace na sauye-sauye na farko, adadi mai yawa na ƙididdigar magana na lokaci da fasalin, da kuma sama da 15 na sunayen mutum. Masu magana da Zialo sun ambaci manyan yaruka guda biyar na yaren: Bayawa, Wolo-Ziolo, Woyjawa, Kelighigo da Lawolozu, wanda na ƙarshe ya fi kama da takamaiman.

Wataƙila Zialo sun zo wurin da suke yanzu daga kudu, yankin Laberiya na yanzu, kamar yadda tatsuniyoyin su suka nuna. A zamanin yau, yawancin Zialo Krista ne; akwai kuma kungiyoyin Musulmai da masu ba da rai.

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Babaev, Kirill. %25209783862880164/LSAL-82%3A-Zialo%3A-the-Newly-Discovered-Mande-Language-of-Guinea.html?shop_param=cid%3D1%26aid%3DN-ISBN%25209783862880164%26" id="mwMQ" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Zialo: Sabon Harshen Mande da aka gano na Guinea . [Hasiya] 260 shafi na ISBN . http://bib.convdocs.org/v39444/?download=1 &nbsp; 
* Harshen Zialo a kan tashar 'Harsunan Mand'
Harsunan Boro-Garo

**Harsunan Boro–Garo** reshe ne na harsunan Sino-Tibet, ana magana da su a arewa maso gabashin Indiya da sassan Bangladesh .

Harsunan Boro–Garo sun ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi huɗu: Boro, Garo, Koch da Deori. Harsunan Boro-Garo a tarihi sun yadu sosai a ko'ina cikin kwarin Brahmaputra da kuma a cikin yankunan arewacin Bangladesh,  kuma ana hasashen cewa yaren proto-Boro-Garo shine yare na kwarin Brahmaputra kafin a maye gurbinsa. ta harshen Assamese, wanda ya ba da babbar gudunmawa.

## rassan
An gano harsunan Boro-Garo a cikin Binciken Harshen Grierson na Indiya, kuma an ba da sunayen harsunan da makamancinsu na zamani a ƙasa a cikin tebur.

### Ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyi
Harsunan Boro-Garo an ƙara raba su zuwa ƙungiyoyi huɗu ta Burling.

* **Harsunan Koch** : Atong, Koch, Ruga, Rabha
* **[[Garza language|Harsunan Garo]]** : Garo, Megam
* **Bodo Languages** : Bodo, Dimasa, Barman, Tiwa, Kokborok (Tripuri), Kachari, Moran
* Harshen Deori

Tsohon Hajong na iya zama yaren Bodo-Garo.

Barman shine yaren Bodo-Garo da aka gano kwanan nan. 

Boro harshe ne na hukuma na jihar Assam . Kokborok (Tripuri) ɗaya ne daga cikin yarukan hukuma na jihar Tripura . Garo babban yaren hukuma ne na Meghalaya . Harsunan Khasic sun yi tasiri sosai ga Megam, yayin da Deori-Chutia ta harshen Idu Mishmi .

Harsunan dangi suna da tsari na kalma -fi'ili-na ƙarshe . Akwai wasu sassauƙa a cikin tsari na gardama, amma ana nuna banbancin zarge-zarge tare da clitics na baya-bayan nan. Harsunan kuma suna ƙaddamar da ƙira zuwa ƙididdiga masu gyara sunaye. tashin hankali, al'amari da yanayi ana nuna su ta hanyar amfani da suffixes . 

## Asalin
Haɗin harsunan Boro–Garo da harsunan Konyak da Jingphaw sun nuna cewa proto-Boro-Garo ya shiga Assam daga wani wuri zuwa arewa maso gabas.  An ba da shawarar cewa yaren *proto* -Boro-Garo ya kasance *yare* ne na al'ummomin harsuna daban-daban, ba duka waɗanda suke jin yaren asali ba ne,  kuma ya fara ne a matsayin harshe na ɗan adam .  Wannan zai yi la'akari da raguwar ilimin halittar jiki na Boro-Garo, tare da abin da ilimin halittar jiki ke kasancewa galibi kasancewa na yau da kullun, sako-sako da ɗaure, kuma tare da bayyananniyar ilimin ƙa'idar halitta, alamu na yau da kullun na asalin kwanan nan. 

## Rabewa

### Joseph & Burling (2006)

Joseph & Burling (2006:1-2) sun rarraba harsunan Boro–Garo zuwa manyan ƙungiyoyi huɗu. Itace (2008:6) ita ma tana bin wannan rarrabuwa.

* Deori
* Harsunan Boro : Boro, Kokborok, Tiwa
* Garo
* Harsunan Koch : Koch, Rabha, Wanang, Atong, da Ruga

### Jacquesson (2006)
Jacquesson (2017:112)  ya rarraba harsunan Boro-Garo kamar haka, kuma ya gane manyan rassa uku (Yamma, Tsakiya, da Gabas). Harsunan Koch da Garo an haɗa su a matsayin Western Boro-Garo.

* Yamma
** Garo ,
** Rabba, Koh
* Tsakiya
** Boro, Mech
** Bru
** Dimasa, Moran
** Kokborok
* Gabas
** Deori

Jacquesson (2017)  ya yi imanin cewa harsunan Boro–Garo sun isa wurin da suke a yanzu daga kudu maso gabas, kuma ya lura da kamanceceniya da aka raba tare da harsunan Zeme da harsunan Kuki-Chin .

## Sake ginawa
Joseph and Burling (2006) da Wood (2008) sun sake gina .

## Manazarta
Youssef Francis

**Youssef Francis** ( Larabci : يوسف فرنسيس ) (Yuni 6, 1934 - Afrilu 14, 2001) darekta ne, marubuci, kuma mai fasahar filastik, an haife shi a birnin Alkahira.

## Rayuwarsa
Ya sami digiri na farko na Fine Arts a Sashen Hoto a 1957, sannan ya yi karatun digiri na biyu na shekaru biyu a bikin Luxor, difloma na Babban Cibiyar Cinema, sannan ya yi karatun digiri na biyu a Sashen Gudanarwa a 1970, kuma ya samu. littattafai masu yawa a mabanbanta fagage. 

A farkon aikinsa, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai zane ga mujallar " Rose Al-Youssef " a shekara ta dubu daya da ɗaribtara da hamsin da takwas 1958 na tsawon shekara guda, sannan ya tafi rubuta rubutun fim a shekarar dubu da dari tara da sittin da biyar 1965 kuma ya shiga jaridar A l-Ahram a shekarar dubu daya da ɗari tara da sittin da hudu 1964, kuma ya yi aiki har zuwa lokacin da ya kai matsayin mai ba da shawara ga babban editan. Ya misalta littafin littafin  na Naguib Mahfuz a jere a cikin 1966.  Haka kuma an naɗa shi darakta a cibiyar al'adun Masar a shekarar ta dubu daya da ɗari takwas bakwai 1987 a birnin Paris. 

Fina-finansa na farko, ''The Impossible'' a shekarar dubu daya da ɗari shidda da biyar 1965 tare da halartar Mustafa Mahmoud, da kuma cikin fina-finansa, *[[Abi foq al-Shagara|Babana akan itace]]* a shekarar dubu daya da ɗari tara da sittin da tara1969, tare da halartar Ihssan Abdel Quddous da Saad Eddin Wahba, da kuma fim din *The Thin Thread* a shekar dubu daya da dari tara da saba’in da daya 1971. Daga cikin muhimman ayyukan da ya yi a Talabijin har da na shekarar dubu daya da tamanin 1980 miniseries "Illusion and Truth" wanda tauraron fim Salah Zulfikar ya fito da kuma fina-finan "Tutankhamun" da "My Love Who Are You". 

Ya auri ƴar jarida Mona Siraj, mataimakiyar babban editan mujallar Akhbar al-Nas, kuma ya haifi 'ya'ya maza biyu. 

## Mutuwarsa
Ya rasu ne ranar 14 ga wwatan Afrilu, 2001, yana da shekaru 67, sakamakon bugun zuciya da ya same shi a birnin Hurghada da ke gabar teku, inda ya ke hutu da shakatawa. 

## Kyauta

* The first oil painting prize from the Cairo Salon in 1960.
* Science Film Award.
* Alexandria Festival Prize.

## Ayyukansa

### Marubuci
* Baby Who Are You (2000)
* The Women's Market (1994)
* My Friend How Much you Worth (1987)
* East Bird (1986)              
* The Addict (1983)
* The Third of them the Devil (1978)
* The Thin Thread (1971)
* My Father up in the Tree (1969)
* The People inside (1969)
*Three Thieves (One story) (1966)
* The Impossible (1965)
* No, dear daughter (1979)

### A matsayin Darakta

* Baby Who Are You (2000)
* Searching for Tutankhamun (1995)
* The Women's Market (1994)
* My Friend How Much you Worth (1987)
* East Bird (1986)
* The Addict (1983)

## Manazarta
Harsunan Potou-Tano

Harsunan **Potou–Tano** ko **Potou–Akanic**  su ne kawai babban reshe mai inganci na dangin Kwa . Stewart ya sake gina su a wani ɓangare na tarihi a cikin 1989 da 2002. 

## Harsuna
Reshen Potou ya ƙunshi ƙananan harsuna biyu na Ivory Coast, Ebrié da Mbato. Reshen Tano ya ƙunshi manyan harsunan SE Ivory Coast da kudancin Ghana, Baoulé da Akan .
 

## Duba kuma

*  (Wiktionary)

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Proto-Potou-Akanic-Bantu sake ginawa  (Swart)
Harshen Mbato

**Mbato**, wanda aka fi sani da **Mbatto**, **Nghlwa**, **Potu** ko **Gwa**, yaren Kwa ne da ake magana da shi a Ivory Coast da Ghana . Yana ɗaya daga cikin harsunan Potou guda biyu, tare da Ebrié . Mutanen Mbato suna zama a yankin La Mé na ƙasar Ivory Coast, musamman a ƙaramar hukuma ta Oghlwapo a sashen Alépé.
## Fassarar sauti

Mbato ba shi da sautin wayoyi na hanci, amma wasulan hanci (duba tebur da ke ƙasa) suna sa sonorants [ɓ, l, j, w] su daidaita kuma a ce su [m, n, ɲ, ŋʷ]. 

Akwai nau'ikan wayoyi guda biyu na bilabial, /ɓ¹/ da /ɓ²/. Na farko ana kiransa da [ɓ] koyaushe, yayin da na biyu kuma ake furta shi [m] a cikin mahallin wasalin hanci. 

Sautunan [b, v, z] na gefe ne kuma suna faruwa a cikin kalmomin lamuni kawai. 

Yayin da akwai yuwuwar yaren Proto- Potou yana da tsarin ± ATR, ya ɓace daga Ebrié kuma ya bar burbushi kawai a Mbato. 

Mbato yana da tsarin tonal wanda ya ƙunshi sautunan matakin uku. 

## Nahawu

### Sunan Azuzuwa
Sunan ajin prefixes a Mbato yana aiki don bambanta tsakanin wasu wayoyi masu luwadi da tsakanin nau'ikan nau'ikan guda ɗaya da jam'i. Tun asali, da wannan tsarin zai kasance da ƙarfi, kamar yadda ake gani a wasu harsunan Nijar-Congo . 

Ƙididdiga masu ƙima guda huɗu sune ó-, à-, ʊ́̃-, da ʊ̃̀-. Na ƙarshe biyun, waɗanda wasulan hanci ne, kuma ana iya gane su azaman hancin syllabic, an rubuta su azaman ɴ́- da ɴ̀-. 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Henry Barakat

**Henry Antoun Barakat** ( , 11 Yuni 1914, Alkahira &#x2013; 27 Mayu 1997, Alkahira) sanannen daraktan fina-finan Masar ne.  An haife shi a Shubra   mahaifinsa ɗan Katolika na Melkite na zuriyar Syro-Lebanon, da mahaifiyar sa 'yar Syro-Labanon. Mahaifinsa, Dokta Antoun Barakat, likita ne kuma ya sami lakaɓin Beik daga Sarki saboda ayyukan da ya yi,   Ya jagoranci wasu shahararrun fina-finai a Cinema na Masar.

## Filmography

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa
**2 nasara & 3 gabatarwa**

**Berlin International Film Festival**

* 1959 Nominated Golden Berlin Bear Hassan wa Nayima (1959) 
* 1960 An zaɓe shi a Golden Berlin Bear Doa al karawan (1959) 

**Cannes Film Festival**

* 1965 An zaɓe shi a Golden Palm El Haram, (1965)

* 1964 Mafi kyawun Fim Bab el maftuh, El (1964)

**Bikin Valencia na Cinema na Rum**

* 1984 Ya samu ambaton Musamman Leilet al quabd al Fatma (1984)

Kyautar Ƙarfafawa ta Jihar Masar a Fasaha da Wasiƙu na Majalisar Koli ta Al'adu, 1995.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin Masarawa

## Manazarta
Harshen Krobu

**Krobu** (Krobou) yare ne na Tano cikin rukunin Harsunan (Kwa, Nijar-Congo) na Ivory Coast .

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Angel Unigwe

**Angel Unigwe** (an haife ta Angel Onyinyechi Unigwe; 27 Yuni 2005) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Najeriya, samfurin, kuma mai gabatarwa wacce ta kuma fito a cikin shahararrun tallace-tallace na talabijin.

## Ayyuka
An gabatar da ita ga masana'antar fina-finai ta mahaifiyarta, Unigwe ta fara ne a matsayin yarinya mai wasan kwaikwayo da ta fara bugawa a shekarar 2015 bayan ta fara taka rawa a cikin 'Alison's Stand,' wani shahararren jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Najeriya; kuma tun daga wannan lokacin ta ci gaba da dumi zukatan masu sauraron fim. "  Mai tallata Unigwe shine ɗan jaridar Najeriya Obaji Akpet .

## Hotunan fina-finai
Unigwe ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin fina-finai 30 da aka samar a Najeriya, masana'antar da aka yanke shawarar zama ta biyu mafi girma a duniya bayan Bollywood. Wasu  cikin fina-finai da Unigwe ya nuna sun hada da 'Mutumin kirki', 'Duk abin da ke tsakanin' jerin, 'Middle of nowhere,' 'Haske a cikin Duhu,' ' ' ' 'Three Thieves,' 'Ajoche,' 'King of boys,' 'Code Wilo,' 'Mute,' 'Bereaved: Pain of Aliyah, 'Yana da ni, 'Zuriel' Diary,' 'Garin Crimes, 'Bedah' tsakanin' 'Ya' 'Ya Married' 'Yaƙi' 'Ya 'Ya' wasu'

A cikin 2018, Unigwe ta fito a cikin Light in The Dark, fim din da Ekene Som Mekwunye ya samar kuma ya ba da umarni wanda aka saki a ranar 25 ga Janairu a shekara mai zuwa tare da Joke Silva, Rita Dominic, Kalu Ikeagwu, Ngozi Nwosu, Saidi Balogun, Kiki Omeili, Nonso Odogwu, Big Mickey da Prince Unigwe da wasu.

A cikin 2019, Unigwe ya buga Fuwe a cikin "Three Thieves", wanda Sammy Egbemawei, Abba Makama, da Afirka Ukoh suka rubuta. Fim din  aka fitar a gidan fina-finai a Najeriya a ranar 4 ga Oktoba yana da Babtunwa Aderinokun da Uche Okocha a matsayin Babban Mai gabatarwa da Mai gabatwa bi da bi.

cikin 2021 Unigwe ta fito a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin "The Olive," wanda aka fitar a watan Mayu 2021 wanda Yemi Morafa ya jagoranta kuma Esse Akwawa da Chidinma Igbokweuche ne suka samar da shi.

## Nominations da kyaututtuka
Unigwe ta ji daɗin gabatarwa da yawa kuma ta lashe kyaututtuka da yawa ciki har da Child Actor of the Year 2019 a Intellects Giant Award;  ta shiga gida mafi kyawun matashi / mai alƙawari a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 2019, a cikin 2019 na African Movie Academy Awards (AMAA);  Mafi kyawun yarinya a fim a 2021 Best of Nollywood (BON) kyautar don rawar da ta taka a cikin 'Strain";

A ranar 20 ga Mayu 2023, an sanar da Unigwe wanda ya lashe kyautar Trailblazer a lambar yabo ta Afirka Magic Viewers.

## Manazarta
Yaren Geme

Geme yare ne na Zande wanda ake magana a kananan kauyuka biyu na Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya

Ana magana da Gɛ̀mɛ́ ko Wasin a arewacin Ndélé a ƙauyuka biyu da ke da nisan kilomita 9 daga juna, wato Aliou (mutane 350, wanda aka sani da Gɛ́mɛ́ Tulu) da Goz Amar II (mutane 50, wanda aka sani le Gɛ̀imbó Kúlágbòlù). Tare, an san yarensu da *Ngba Gɛmɛ́* . 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Ngala Lapan

**Ngala Lapan** 'yar wasan rugby ne ta Papua New Guinea wacce ta wakilci tawagar rugby ta kasa ta Papua New Guinean, gami da wasannin gasar cin kofin duniya ta Rugby League  

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Harshen Abé

**Abé** (wanda kuma ake kira **Abbey**, **Abbe**, **Abi**) yare ne wanda ba a tantance shi ba a cikin reshen Kwa na iyalin Nijar-Congo . Ana magana da shi a Ivory Coast.

Harsunan Abé sune Tioffo, Morie, Abbey-Ve, da Kos.

A cikin 1995 an kiyasta cewa akwai masu magana 170,000, da farko a Sashen Agboville.

## Fasahar sauti

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

### Sautin sautin

Abé yana nuna halin zuwa ga jituwa ta wasali, dangane da duka matsayi (gaba da baya) da +/-ATR. /a/ ba ya shiga cikin wannan tsarin.

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje
Yaren Ngala

**Ngala** na iya zama:

* Harshen Lingala, yaren kasuwanci na Bantu
* Harshen Bangala, wani harshe na kasuwanci na Bantu, kusa da Lingala
* Harshen Ngala (Chadic) , yaren Kotoko
* Harshen Ngala (Sepik) , yaren Ndu
* Harshen Ngala (Zande) , wanda Santandrea ya bayyana
* yaren Ngala na Khumi Chin
* Harshe na Nga La
Yaren Nggala

**Ngala**, ko **Sogap**, yana ɗaya daga cikin yarukan Ndu na yankin Kogin Sepik na arewacin Papua New Guinea .  magana  shi a ƙauyen Swagap (4°13′41′′S 142°30′38′′E / 4.228038°S 142.51052°E / -4.228038; 142.510 52 (Swagap 1)) a cikin Ambunti Rural LLG na Lardin Sepik na Gabas.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Harshen Abure

**Abure** (Aboulé), wanda aka fi sani da *Abonwa* ko *Akaplass*, yare ne na Tano wanda yake a rukunin Harsunan (Kwa, Nijar-Congo) wanda ake magana a kusa da Abidjan a Ivory Coast .

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje

* Saurari samfurin Abure daga Cibiyar Rubuce-rubuce ta Duniya
Yaren Mpade

**Mpade** wani yare ne na yankin Afro-Asiatic da ake magana a arewacin kasar Kamaru da kudu maso yammacin kasar Chadi . Harsuna sune Bodo, Biamo, Digam, Mpade (Makari), Shoe (Shewe), da Woulki . 

Harshen wani lokaci ana kiransa Makari, bayan daya daga cikin garuruwan da ake magana da shi. Ngala ya ci gaba da yamma (kamar yadda Barth ya bayyana) ya taɓa magana da yaren da ya yi kama da Makari, amma ya mutu a cikin shekarun 1920, mutanen sun koma Kanuri.

## Rarraba
A Kamaru, ana magana da Mpade a ko'ina cikin arewacin sashen Logone-et-Chari (Yankin Arewacin), kusa da Tafkin Chadi kuma yana tsakiyar Makari (yankin arewacin gundumar Makari da kuma a cikin gundumar Fotokol da Hilé Alifa, da kuma arewacin yankin Goulfey). Hakanan ana magana da shi a Chadi da Najeriya, yana da jimlar masu magana 12,000 (SIL 2000). 

## Fasahar sauti

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi
Mpade yana  waɗannan ƙwayoyin.

### Sautin sautin
Mpade yana  wasula masu zuwa.

## Bayani

## Bayanan da aka ambata

* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 7] 2006. Alphabet et orthographe de Kotoko de Makary (mpadɨ) (Makary Kotoko Orthography Statement) SIL manuscript, 31 pp. Ana samunsa a kan layi
* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 7] 2020. A Grammar na Makary Kotoko . Leiden: Mai haske.   ISBN .&nbsp;
Thierry Dushimirimana

**Thierryshimirimana** ɗan ƙasar Ruwanda ne mai ɗaukar hoto kuma mai yin fim.

## Hotunan fina-finai

* A cikin Wasikar Ƙauna ga Ƙasar ta shekarar (2006), wani Tutsi wanda ya tsira ya ƙaunaci wani Hutu daga dangin da ke da hannu a kisan kiyashi na Rwanda a kan Tutsi.   nuna fim din a bukukuwan fina-finai da yawa na kasa da kasa, gami da bikin fina-fakka na Tribeca a Birnin New York a shekarar 2011.yi aiki tare da Eric Kabera, yana aiki tare da shi a matsayin Mai daukar hoto a fim din Juan Reina na shekarar 2010 Iseta - bayan hanyar, wanda ya biyo bayan ɗan jaridar Burtaniya Nick Hughes ya dawo don gano ƙarin game da kisan da ya ɗauka a Kigali (Gikondo) a cikin shekarar 1994.

* Wata Wasika ta soyayya ga ƙasarmu [A Love Letter to My Country],shekarar 2006. Minti 36.
* Iseta: Bayan Roadblock, 2010, dir. Juan Reina. Mai daukar hoto.
* 6954 Kilomita zuwa Gida / 6954 kilomita turt, 2013, dir. Juan Reina. Manajan samarwa.

## Manazarta
Yaren Adjukru

**Adjukru** (Adioukrou, Adyoukrou, Adyukru, Ajukru) yare ne da Mutanen Adjoukrou ke magana a Ivory Coast. Yana da rabe-rabe mara tabbas a cikin reshen Kwa na iyalin harsunan Nijar-Congo.

*

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Yaren Bangala

**Banaka** ko *Mɔnɔkɔ a bangála* yare ne na Bantu da ake magana a kusurwar arewa maso gabashin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, ana kuma magana da shi a wasu sassan Sudan ta Kudu kuma har yanzu ana samun wasu masu magana a cikin matsanancin yammacin Uganda (misali, Arua, Koboko). Harshen 'yar'uwa ne na Lingala, mutane da ke da harsuna daban-daban suna amfani da shi azaman harshen magana. A cikin 1991 akwai kimanin mutane miliyan 3.5 masu magana da harshe na biyu.  Ana magana da shi a gabas da arewa maso gabashin yankin da ake magana da Lingala. A cikin Lingala, Bangala yana fassara zuwa "Mutanen Mongala". Wannan yana nufin mutanen da ke zaune a gefen Kogin Mongala. A duk fadin lardin Bas-Uele, masu magana da Bangala sun karɓi Lingala sosai.

## Tarihi
Yayin da Lingala ya bazu gabas da arewa, an maye gurbin kalmominsa da yawa da harsuna na gida, kuma ya zama mafi yawan harsuna (harshe wanda ya haɗu da harsuka biyu ko fiye) kuma an rarraba shi azaman yare daban - Bangala . Kalmomin sun bambanta, dangane da yaren farko na masu magana.

 cikin shekarun 1980s, tare da shahara da karuwar wadatar Lingala a cikin kiɗa na zamani, matasa a cikin manyan ƙauyuka da garuruwa sun fara karɓar Lingala sosai har Bangala ta zama yare fiye da yare daban.

## Halaye
A cikin Bangala, an maye gurbin kalmomin shida da bakwai (*motoba, sambo*) da kalmomin Swahili *Sita* da *saba*. Yawancin kalmomin Lingala an maye gurbinsu da kalmomi a cikin Swahili, Zande, wasu harsuna na gida, tare da Turanci (an samo*bilizi* daga kalmar Turanci) kuma, ba shakka, Faransanci.

Ana amfani da aikatau "to be" daban-daban a cikin Bangala. Da ke ƙasa akwai kwatankwacin Lingala.

Kalmomin aikatau *ko-*, ma'ana "zuwa" a cikin Lingala shine maimakon *ku*, kamar yadda yake a cikin Swahili, don haka "zama" a cikin Bangala shine *kusara*, ba kosala ba. Sauran kalmomin Bangala da yawa suna da sauti /u/ inda Lingala ke da sauti /o/, kamar *ɓisu* (ba biso - "mu") da *mutu* (ba moto - "mutum").

## Takardun
Akwai tsoffin zane-zanen mishan da yawa, mafi yawansu daga ƙarshen karni na 19 da farkon karni na 20, misali, Wtterwulghe (1899), MacKenzie (1910), Zuciya na Ofishin Jakadancin Afirka (1916), van Mol (1927). Koyaya, Bangala kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin waɗannan taƙaitaccen zane-zane ya canza a cikin shekaru ɗari da suka gabata, saboda hulɗar harshe tare da yarukan Ubangian da yarukan Nilo-Sahara na arewa maso gabashin DR Congo. A halin yanzu, masu bincike daga Jami'ar Ghent, JGU Mainz da Goethe-Universität Frankfurt suna aiki a kan bayanin ilimin harshe na harshe.

## Bayanan da aka ambata


## Haɗin waje

* Bangala Swadesh jerin kalmomin ƙamus na asali (daga Wiktionary's Swadesh-list appendix) 
* 
*
Harshen Agotime

Agotime, ko **Adangbe**, yana ɗaya daga cikin yarukan tsaunikan Ghana da Yogo (GTM) na cikin harsunan Iyalin Kwa. Mutanen Adan da Agotime ne ke magana da shi, kuma yana tafiya da sunan *Adangbe (Dangbe) *, wanda shine bambancin sunan *[[Harshen Dangme|Adangme (Dangme)]]*. Ba a haɗa shi a cikin jerin harsunan GTM da Roger Blench ke kula da shi ba, sai dai idan yana da Ahlo iri-iri (Ago, Igo); 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Harshen Abidji

**Abidji** (wanda aka fi sani da *Abiji* da *Ambidji*) yare ne wanda ba a tantance shi ba a cikin reshen Kwa na iyalin Nijar-Congo. Ana magana da shi a Ivory Coast.

Yana da yare biyu: "enyembe" da "ogbru". Mambobin waɗannan kabilun Abidji suna amfani da sunayen waɗannan yaruka don komawa ga kansu. Sun Ambidji an ba da shi ga yaren ta maƙwabtan waɗannan kungiyoyi.

## Ƙauyuka
Ana magana da Abidji a cikin waɗannan ƙauyuka: 

## Tsarin Rubuce-rubuce
An rubuta Abidji tare da haruffa na Latin, ta amfani da rubutun rubutu na harsunan Ivory Coast. Ana sauya harafin upsilon ‹ ː, ʊ › sau da yawa tare da ƙugiya ‹ Hugo, ʋ › .    

Ana rubuta wasula na hanci tare da ‹ n › (‹ m › kafin ‹ p › da ‹ b ›): ‹ an, en, ɛn, in, on, Liver, un, ʊn ko Noti, Quebec ›.           

## Fasahar sauti

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

### Sautin sautin
sautin sai dai /e/ suna da nau'ikan hanci masu banbanci.

### Sauti
Abidji yana  sautunan sauti, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin mai girma / zaki / zaki.

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje

* Abidji basic lexicon a Global Lexicostatistical Database
* Saurari samfurin Abidji daga Cibiyar Rubuce-rubuce ta Duniya
* Bayanan Tsarin Harshe na Duniya akan Abidji
Yaren Nakkara

**Nakkara** (Na-kara) yare ne na asalin Australiya wanda Mutanen Nagara na Arnhem Land ke magana a Yankin Arewa Australiya . 

Ana kuma rubuta shi *Nakara* ko *Nagara* kuma ana kiransa *Kokori* .

## Fasahar sauti

Tsayawa suna da duka murya da kuma murya marasa murya, dangane da matsayinsu a cikin kalma. Bugu da ƙari, bambancin tsawo na tsayawa yana nan, wanda kawai ya bambanta a cikin matsayi na tsakiya. Ana iya fassara wannan a matsayin ko dai gemination, ko kuma a matsayin shaida ga kasancewar jerin dakatarwa guda biyu, tare da ra'ayi na sama da ɓangaren da aka fi fitar da shi.

Allophones  aka buga da kuma trilled na /r/ suna cikin bambancin kyauta.

### Sautin sautin

## Manazarta
Harshen Ahanta

**Fanti** yare ne na Tsakiyar Tano, ana yin magana da shi a kudu maso yammacin Ghana tsakanin biranen Takoradi da kumaKasoa . 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Yaren Banda

**Harshen Banda** na iya nufin:

* Ɗaya daga cikin yarukan Banda na Afirka ta tsakiya
* Harshen Banda (Maluku) , yaren Austronesian na Indonesia
Harshen Ahlon

Ana magana da yaren **Ahlon**, ***Igo***, a yankin Plateau na Togo. An ɗauke shi ɗaya daga cikin yarukan Ghana-Togo Mountain wato (GTM) na dangin Kwa. Bambance-bambance na sunanta na hukuma sune *Achlo, Ahlõ, Ahlo, Ahlon-Bogo, Ahonlan, Anlo* .

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Yaren Mba

**Mba**, wanda aka fi sani da  *(Ki) Manga* ko  *(Ki) Mbanga,* yare ne na Ubangian da ake magana a yankin Banjwade na Yankin Banalia, Lardin Tshopo, DR Congo (Ethnologue, 22nd ed.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Clinton Marius

**Clinton Marius** (20 ga watan Agustan 1966 - 26 ga watan Fabrairun 2020)  marubuciya ce kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Afirka ta Kudu. An haife shi a Pietermaritzburg, kuma ya fara fitowa ta farko ta sana'a yana raira waƙa a wasan kwaikwayo na Menotti, Amahl da Night Visitors yana da shekaru goma sha biyu. An buga waƙoƙinsa a duniya, yayin da aka kuma san shi da rubuce-rubuce da yawa da tarin gajerun labaru, da kuma tarihin tarihin guru, Sunshine - The Booklet of the Biography.

## Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo
A shekara ta 2002, ya jagoranci Jonathan Cumming's The *Gladiator* a bikin zane-zane na kasa, kuma ya tsara A Slice of Madness, lokacin wasan kwaikwayo a Durban inda ya bayyana a cikin David Campton's *Mutatis Mutandis* . A watan Janairun 2003 ya bayyana a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Kwasuka a cikin The Divine Child . A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2003 ya kafa lambar yabo ta shekara-shekara a KwaZulu-Natal don nuna godiya ga gudummawar masu aikin fasaha. Ayyukansa tare da Greig Coetzee a cikin Kobus Moolman's Soldier Boy, wanda ya lashe gasar wasan kwaikwayo ta rediyo ta BBC a duniya, an watsa shi a duniya.

Clinton Marius ta nasara sosai mutum daya show, Uncut - The Penis Monologues, wanda Garth Anderson ya jagoranta,   an fara shi a Durban a watan Satumbar 2003 kafin fara rangadin kasa. Ya kuma yi wasan kwaikwayo a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na mataki, *Vergissmeinnicht* (Farm of Secrets) a bikin zane-zane na kasa na 2003 a Grahamstown. Wannan  biyo bayan New Age send-up, *Guru*, [1] da kuma mutum daya mai ban dariya Thank You Very Much, satire game da Hollywood da fitattun mutane.

## Manazarta
Yaren Sere

**Sire** ƙaramin yaren Ubanguian ne na arewa maso gabashin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo . Sunan ana rubuta shi daban-daban *Serre, Shaire, Shere, Sheri, Sili, Siri,* Faransanci *Chere* ko kuma an gabatar da shi a matsayin Basili, Basiri .

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Elmo De Witt

Elmo De Witt (an haife shi a shekara ta 2011) ɗan fim ne na Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan kuma furodusa.  Fina-finansa sun haɗa daDebbie (1965), Lion na Ƙarshe (1972), Ter Wille van Christene (1975), Grensbasis 13 (1979) da Dole ne ku kasance masu Barkwanci!  (1986).Ya kasance ƙwararren mai shirya fina-finai, wanda aikinsa ya ɗauki fiye da shekaru talatin, daga 1959 zuwa 1992.Keyan Tomaselli ya ɗauke shi irin daraktocin Afrikaans waɗanda "sun yi fina-finai waɗanda Kuma suka ci karo da siffar "gona" na Afrikaner.

## Zaɓin fim

* 
*
*

## Manazarta
Alexander Michaeletos

**Alexander Michaletos** (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, 1992) tsohon ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Afirka ta Kudu.

Michaeletos (wanda aka fi sani da Michaletos) ya yi fim dinsa da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na farko a fim din 2005 *Duma*, wanda Carroll Ballard ya jagoranta. Ya fito a matsayin Xan, wani yaro mai shekaru goma sha biyu wanda dole ne ya bar wani cheetah da ake kira Duma ya tafi kuma ya yi aiki tare da Eamonn Walker, Campbell Scott da Hope Davis.

## Haɗin waje

* 
* Shafin yanar gizon hukuma na "Duma"
* "The Farm Inn" inda Alexander ke zaune
Harshen Akoye

**Akoye**, wanda akafi sani da **Lohiki** ko **Maihiri** (Mai-Hea-Ri),shi din yaren Angan language of Papua New Guinea.

## Fassarar sauti
Akoye yana da ƙanƙanin ƙirƙira mai sauti, wanda ba a bayyana shi sosai ba.

Baƙaƙe sune /p t k, f s, m n, w/ kuma watakila /j/.  Hudu na farko yawanci ana yin su ne zuwa [b ɾ ɡ v] bayan wasalin monophthongal, ko da yake wani lokaci ana toshe muryoyin saboda dalilai da ba a sani ba.

Wasulan sune . Diphthongs ()an ce ba kasafai ba ne, kodayake jerin wasula na gama-gari, don haka wataƙila waɗannan ba daidai suke ba.

Tmafi hadaddun harafin shine CCVV: /mtəəpə/ 'gashi', /əəkwɑi/ 'eye'.

Sautin yana taka rawa: /ə̀ɡənə/ 'sky', /əɡə́nə/ 'lid'; /pɑɑ́/ (sp. tsuntsu), /pɑ̀ɑ/ 'jiki'.

## Manazarta

*OLAC resources in and about the Akoye language

## Don Karin Karatu
* 
* 
*
Harsunan Ngbaka

**Harsunan NgBaka** goma sha biyu iyali ne na yarukan Ubangian da ake magana a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya da yankunan da ke kusa da ita. Ya haɗa da harsunan Pygmy kamar Baka da Gundi . Harsunan Ngbaka mafi yawan jama'a sune Mbaka a reshen yamma, wanda mutane miliyan 25 ke magana, da Mayogo a reshen gabas, wanda rabin wannan adadi ke magana.

Kamar yarukan Mba, ana magana da yarukan Ngbaka a duk yankuna masu rarrabewa da suka warwatse a cikin kasashe daban-daban na Afirka ta tsakiya.

## Harsuna
*Glottolog* 3.4, biyo bayan Winkhart (2015),  ya ba da tsarin iyalin Baka-Mundu kamar haka:

* Gabashin Mayogo-Bangba: Bangba, Mayogo Mündü
** Mayogo-Bangba: Bangba, Mayogo
** Mündü
* Yammacin 
** Baka (Baka-Ganzi, Gundi, Limassa, Ngombe) 
** Kogin Yammacin 
*** Mbaka / Bwaka (Ngbaka Ma'bo, Gilima) 
*** Gbanzili (Gbanziri-Buraka) 
*** Monzombo (Monzombo, Kpala-Yango)   

## Manazarta
Mukunda Michael Dewil

**Mukunda Michael Dewil** marubuci ne kuma darektan Fim ne a Afirka ta Kudu da ke aiki a Hollywood .ya   rubuta kuma ya ba da umarnin Ramuwar gayya, *Motar 19* (wanda Paul Walker ya fito) da kuma Gidan Immaculate (Emile Hirsch, Kate Bosworth, Ashley Greene). 

Ya kasance ya na zaune a majami'a. Dewil  shafe shekaru da yawa a Indiya.

## Manazarta
Harshen Ubang

Ubang wani yare ne na Najeriya. Sananne don samun nau'ikan kalmomi na namiji da na mace. A cikin harshen Ubang, akwai nau'ikan sadarwa na maza da mata. An sanya maza suyi magana da nau'in namiji na harshe kuma mata, kamar haka, suna magana da nau-in mace na harshe. Wannan hanyar sadarwa tana iya fahimta ga maza da mata. , yara suna magana da yaren mata har zuwa kimanin shekaru goma.

Masanin ilimin ɗan adam Chi Undie ya yi sharhi: "Kusan kamar ƙamus biyu daban-daban... Akwai kalmomi da yawa da maza da mata suka raba, to akwai wasu waɗanda suka bambanta gaba ɗaya dangane da jinsi. Ba su da sauti iri ɗaya, ba su da haruffa iri ɗaya, kalmomi daban-daban. "

## Misalan kalmomi a cikin namiji da mace Ubang

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Harsunan Cangin

**Harsunan Cangin** [ˈtʃaŋin] suna magana da mutane 200,000 (kamar yadda ya faru a shekara ta 2007) a wani ƙaramin yanki a gabashin Dakar, Senegal. Su ne yarukan da Mutanen Serer ke magana waɗanda ba sa magana da yaren Serer (*Serer-Sine*). Saboda mutane sun fito ne daga ƙabilanci Serer, ana tunanin yarukan Cangin su ne yarukan Serer. Koyaya, ba su da alaƙa da juna; Serer ya fi kusa da Fulani fiye da Cangin.

## Harsuna
Harsunan Cangin sune:
 
Lehar da Noon suna kusa sosai, kamar yadda Ndut da Palor suke, kodayake ba su da sauƙi. Safen yana kusa da Lehar-Noon fiye da Palor-Ndut.

## Sake ginawa
 (2018: 451) ya sake gina Proto-Cangin kamar haka.

## Dubi kuma

* Harshen Serer
*  (Wiktionary) 

## Bayanan da ke ƙasa

## Bayanan da aka ambata

* Walter Pichl, The Cangin Group: Ƙungiyar Harshe a Arewacin Senegal, Pittsburgh, PA: Cibiyar Harkokin Afirka, Jami'ar Duquesne, Coll.  African Reprint Series, 1966, Vol. 20
* Guillaume Segerer & Florian Lionnet 2010. "'Isolates' a cikin 'Atlantic'". Language Isolates in Africa workshop, Lyon, Disamba 4
Moncef Dhouib

**Moncef Dhouib** (   (an haife shi a shekara ta alif 1952 a Sfax ) ya kasance darektan fina-finan ƙasar  Tunisiya ne, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, marubucin fim kuma furodusa. Shi ne wanda ya samu kyautar FESPACO. Bayan yin fitattun fina-finai guda huɗu a cikin 1980s ya yi *Sultan na City* ( *Soltane El Medina* ) (1993) da The TV *arrives* ( *[[Talfaza Jaya]]* ) (2006).

## Fina-finan da aka zaɓa

* *Soltane El Medina* (1993)
* *Les Siestes grenadine* (1999)
* *Talfaza Jaya* (2006)

## Manazarta
Brian Pettifer

**Brian Pettifer** (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1953) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Afirka ta Kudu wanda ya fito a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa, da kuma a kan mataki da fim. Shi ne ƙaramin ɗan'uwan mawaƙa mai suna Linda Thompson .

## Tarihin rayuwa
Ya yi niyyar zama mai ɗaukar hoto, amma ya bi aiki a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. Ya bayyana a matsayin yaro a cikin BBC's This Man Craig da Dr Finlay's Casebook, da kuma *Madam Bovary* (tare da abokinsa Alex Norton) wanda ya ba shi sha'awar yin wasan kwaikwayo a talabijin.

Matsayinsa na farko a fim ya kasance a fim din Lindsay Anderson *idan....* (1968). Ya kuma bayyana a cikin Anderson's O Lucky Man!  (1973) da *Asibitin Britannia* (1982) suna wasa iri ɗaya a cikin fina-finai uku na Anderson, na Biles. Sauran ayyukan fim dinsa sun hada da rawar da ya taka a *Amadeus* (1984), A Christmas Carol (1984), *Gulag* (1985), Heavenly Pursuits (1986), *Little Dorrit* (1987), The Great Escape II: The Untold Story (1988), *Loch Ness* (1996), The House of Mirth (2000), Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (2002), The Rocket Post (2004), Vanity Fair (2004) da *Lassie* (2005).

Pettifer ya kasance na yau da kullun a *Rab C. Nesbitt* yafi yana tallafawa mashaya, amma kuma an san shi da Mai jirgin sama Bruce Leckie a Get Some In!*Ku shiga wasu!*, inda yake ci gaba da yin ba'a da Corporal Marsh ya yi masa. Ya kuma buga dan uwan Hughie a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na 70s na Liverpool mai suna The Liver Birds .

Ya kuma buga Alfred Meyer a cikin fim din BBC / HBO Conspiracy da kuma Dr. Cameron a cikin jerin Rediyo 4 mai taken Adventures of a Black Bag, bayan ya bayyana a cikin abubuwan da suka faru na Dr. Finlay's Casebook .

Ya bayyana a *Hamish Macbeth*, da kuma baƙo a cikin Still Game . A shekara ta 2005, ya kuma bayyana a farkon wasan kwaikwayo na BBC Bleak House . A cikin 2011 da 2013, ya buga Uba Richards a cikin The Field of Blood . Ya taka rawar Poupart a cikin jerin BBC One The Musketeers .*<nowiki/>'Yan bindiga.*

A cikin 2012, Brian Pettifer ya bayyana a matsayin Archie Milgrow a cikin shirin Old School Ties a cikin jerin New Tricks .*Sabbin dabaru.*

Ya yi aiki sosai a gidan wasan kwaikwayo: rubuce-rubuce, jagorantar da kuma yin wasan kwaikwayo. Ya kasance a cikin samar da The Fairy-Queen a Glyndebourne, wanda ya tafi Paris da New York a cikin 2010.

A cikin 2015, Pettifer ya bayyana a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na aikata laifuka The Legend of Barney Thomson tare da abokin hamayyarsa na *Hamish Macbeth* Robert Carlyle .

A cikin 2019, ya bayyana a cikin wani labari na Holby City yana wasa da mai haƙuri Laurie Stocks .

## Gidan wasan kwaikwayo

## Hotunan fina-finai

## Manazarta


## Haɗin waje

* Brian PettiferaIMDb
Yaren Yem

**[[Mutanen Yemen|Yemen]]** shine harshen mutanen Yem na tsohuwar Masarautar Yamma, wanda aka sani da Masarautar Janjero ga Amhara . Yana daga cikin rukunin harsunan Omotic, wanda ke da alaƙa da Kafa. Yana da bambanci da samun tsarin ƙamus daban-daban dangane da matsayi na zamantakewa, kamar Jafananci da Javanese. Kimanin adadin masu magana ya bambanta sosai daga kimanin 1000 (Bender, 1976) zuwa rabin miliyan (Aklilu, 1993).

shine babban yaren da ake magana a cikin Yem woreda na musamman, SNNPR .

Yaren Fuga ya bambanta sosai don watakila ya zama yare daban.

## Misali siffofin aikatau

*  - Ina yi
*  - muna yin
*  - kai (singular) yi
*  - ya yi
*  - tana yin

## Bayani


## Haɗin waje

* Bayanan Tsarin Harshe na Duniya akan Yemsa
* Littafin Yemsa na asali a cikin Global Lexicostatistical Database
Boubacar Diallo (filmmaker)

**Boubacar Diallo,** ya kasance mai shirya fina-finai ne dan asalin kasar Burkina Faso. Mahaifinsa likitan dabbobi ne, ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida, yana ƙaddamar da mujallar satirical mako-mako *Journal du Jeudi* da kuma buga litattafai biyu da tarin gajerun labarai.

A cikin 2005, ya fara sabon aiki a matsayin mai shirya fina-finai, yana ɗaukar shirin fina-finai uku, *Traque à Ouaga*, wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya *Sofia*, da kuma *Dossier bûlant* na Danish coproduction, wasan kwaikwayo.

Tare da taimakon kuɗi na Francophonie da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Faransa, ya samar da jerin shirye-shiryen TV *Série noire à Koulbi*, wasan kwaikwayo na aikata laifi acikin shirin fim na mintuna 30 na 15, a cikin 2006.

## Manazarta
* 
* 

## Hanyoyin Hadi na waje
*  Journal du Jeudi
Yaren Na

**Na** (ko kuma **Narua**, **Mosuo**) yaren Naish ne wanda wani yanki da kabilan Naic na kungiyan yarikan Sino-Tibetan.

## Ire-irensu
**Yongning Na**, wanda ake magana a garin Yongning, gundumar Ninglang, Lijiang, Yunnan, China, Jacques and Michaud (2011) ne suka rubuta shi..

**Lataddi Narua**sananne ne don samun matakan tonal biyu kawai.

## Fassarar sauti

### Bakake

* /t, tʰ, d, n, l/ can be heard as [ʈ, ʈʰ, ɖ, ɳ, ɭ] when preceding vowel sounds /ɯ, u, v̩, ɤ, æ/.
* /p, pʰ, b, m, w/ can be heard as [ʙ̥, ʙ̥ʰ, ʙ, ɱ, v] when preceding vowel sounds /ɯ, u, v̩/.
* /ɣ/ can also be heard as uvular [ʁ] in word-initial position.
* /w, h/ is also heard as voiceless [w̥, x] in free variation.
* /n/ is heard as velar [ŋ] when before velar stops.
* [ʔ] is heard in initial position before vowels.

### Wasula

* /ɯ/ can be heard as [ɨ] in syllable-initial position and as retroflex [ɻ̩] when after retroflex consonants.

## Manazarta
Yaren Lehali

**Lehali** (wanda aka fi sani da *Tekel*) yare ne na Oceanic wanda kusan mutane 200 ke magana, a yammacin gabar tsibirin Ureparapara a Vanuatu .  Ya bambanta da Löyöp, yaren da ake magana a gabar 

## Sunan
[] sanya sunan yaren ne bayan ƙauyen da ake magana da shi, wanda ake kira *Loli* [lɔli]. Sunan *Lehali* ba shi da wani darajar ma'anar, ban da kasancewa cin hanci da rashawa na sunan asalin.

Lehali  bambanta da ƙamus 16 da wasula 10.

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

### Sautin sautin
Sautin sautin  duk gajerun kalmomi ne //: 

### Tarihin sauti
 samo asali ne daga tsohuwar *r: misali /-jɔ/ < POc *rua 'biyu'. Lehali ta raba wannan canjin sauti tare da maƙwabtanta Löyöp, Volow, da Mwotlap.

## Harshen harshe
 sunayen mutum a cikin Lehali ya bambanta da clusivity, kuma ya bambanta lambobi huɗu (singular, dual, gwaji, jam'i). [1]

B sararin samaniya a cikin Lehali ya dogara ne akan tsarin geocentric (cikakke) shugabanci, wanda a wani bangare yake na al'ada na harsunan Oceanic, kuma duk da haka sabon abu.

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Bayanan littattafai

* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 1] "Ilimin muhalli na zamantakewa da tarihin harshe a arewacin Vanuatu: Labari na bambanci da haɗuwa" (PDF). Jaridar Tarihin Harshe. 1 (2): 175–246. [Hotuna a shafi na 1075] hdl: 1885/29283. S2CID 42217419..
* 
*  
*  
*
Yaren Kele-Foma

**Harshen Kele**, ko ***Lokele***, yare ne na Bantu da ake magana a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo da Mutanen Kele ke magana.

 (Lifoma) yare ne.

## Manazarta
Rouiched

**Ahmed Ayad** (Arabic) wanda aka fi sani da sunansa na mataki kamar Rouiched; ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma mawaƙi na Algeria, an haife shi a ranar 28 ga watan Afrilun, shekarar 1921, a Algiers kuma ya mutu a ranar 28 ga watan Janairun,shekarar 1999, a El Biar (Algiers).

## Tarihin rayuwa
Rouiched ya fito ne daga Kabylie (Birnin Azeffoun, Aarch Ait Djennad, Wilaya na Tizi-Ouzou). A lokacin yaro, yana da ayyuka da yawa don tsira. Ya sami ilimi, ya fara wasan kwaikwayo a karo na farko a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Abdelhamid Ababsa da ake kira "Estardjâ Ya Assi". Fassararsa ta kasance mai ban mamaki. Bayan haka, ya ba da kansa da lokacinsa ga fasaha, kuma ya zama shugaban ƙungiyar fasaha. Ya yi aiki tare da manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da yawa na wannan lokacin: Rachid Ksentini, Mustapha Badie, Nadjat Tounsi, Sid-Ali Fernandel, Mohamed Touri, Mustapha Kateb...

Bayan samun 'yancin kai na Aljeriya a shekarar 1962, ya kasance memba na "Théatre National Algerien" (Algerian National Theater). Amma babban nasararsa shine fim din "Hassen Terro" na Mohamed Lakhdar-Hamina . Ya ci gaba da aikinsa a gidan talabijin na Aljeriya kuma ya yi aiki a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da fina-finai da yawa har zuwa mutuwarsa.

## Hotunan fina-finai

* 1966: *[[Yaƙin Algiers]]* 
* 1967: *Hassan terro* 
* 1971: *[[L'Opium et le Bâton (fim)|Opium da Sandar]]* 
* 1974: *Tserewa na Hassan Terro* daga Mustapha Badie. 
* 1982: *Hassan Taxi* 
* 1983: *Shafin* Djamel Fezzaz 
* 1986: Kyautar Hassan *Medal na Hassan*
* 1989: *Hassan Niya* 
* 1991: *Fararen inuwa* 

## Bayanan littattafai
Dictionnaire des musiciens et interprètes algériens, Achour Cheurfi, ANEP Ed. Algiers 1997

## Haɗin waje

*
Harsunan Senegambian

**Senegambian**, da aka fi sani da **Arewacin Yammacin Atlantic**, ko kuma a cikin wallafe-wallafen kwanan nan wani lokacin rikice-rikice kamar harsunan Atlantic, reshe ne na harsunan Atlantika-Congo da ke tsakiyar Senegal, tare da yawancin harsuna da ake magana a can da kuma makwabta kudancin Mauritania, Gambiya, Guinea-Bissau" id="mwEA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau, da Guinea. Duk da haka, mutanen Fula sun bazu tare da yarensu daga Senegal a fadin yamma da tsakiyar Sahel. Harshen da ya fi yawan jama'a shi ne Wolof, harshen ƙasa na Senegal, tare da masu magana da asali miliyan huɗu da miliyoyin masu amfani da harshe na biyu. Akwai watakila masu magana da miliyan 13 na nau'ikan Fula daban-daban, kuma sama da masu magana da Serer miliyan daya. Babban fasalin harsunan Senegambian shine cewa ba su da sautin, ba kamar yawancin Harsunan Atlantic-Congo ba.

## Rarraba
David Sapir (1971) ya ba da shawarar reshen Yammacin Atlantic na yarukan Nijar-Congo wanda ya haɗa da reshen Arewa wanda ya fi dacewa da Senegambian. Koyaya, Yammacin Atlantic na Sapir da rassansa sun zama na ƙasa da na al'ada maimakon ƙungiyoyin asali. Binciken da aka yi tun daga wannan lokacin, Segerer & Pozdniakov (2010, 2017), ya cire harsunan Kudancin Atlantic. Sauran harsunan (Arewa ko Senegambian) suna da alamar rashin sautin. Rashin Serer-Fulani-Wolof yana da halayyar maye gurbi.
 
Haɗakar da yarukan Nalu da ba a tabbatar da su ba tabbas ba ne.

Yawancin rarrabuwa, gami da wanda Ethnologue 20 ya yi amfani da shi, ya nuna Fula yana da alaƙa da Wolof fiye da Serer, saboda kuskuren kwafin a cikin wallafe-wallafen.  

Cibiyar Max Planck don ilimin Juyin Halitta ta rarraba harsunan Senegambian a ƙarƙashin sunan Arewa-Central Atlantic a cikin bayanan Glottolog.
 

## Canjin ma'ana
Harsunan Senegambian sanannu ne saboda maye gurbin su, wani abu wanda ma'anar farko ta kalma ta canza dangane da yanayin sa da / ko yanayin sa. A cikin Fula, alal misali, ma'anar farko ta sunaye da yawa tana canzawa dangane da ko tana da mutum ɗaya ko jam'i:

An bayyana harsunan Yammacin Atlantic ta hanyar tsarin su na suna, wanda yayi kama da waɗanda ke cikin wasu harsunan Nijar-Congo, mafi shahara Harsunan Bantu. Yawancin Yammacin Atlantic, kuma hakika Nijar-Congo, tsarin suna da alamomi tare da prefixes, kuma masana harsuna gabaɗaya sun yi imanin cewa wannan yana nuna tsarin proto-Niger-Congo. Harsunan reshen Fula-Serer na Senegambian, duk da haka, suna da *ƙididdiga* ƙididdiga ko haɗuwa da ƙididdiga da ƙididdigewa. Joseph Greenberg ya yi jayayya cewa siffofin da aka haɗa sun fito ne daga masu ƙayyadewa masu zaman kansu waɗanda suka yarda da ajin suna:

: CL-Noun CL-Det → CL-Noon-CL → Noun-CL

## Kalmomin kwatankwacin
Kwatanta kalmomin ƙamus na asali na harsunan Senegambian: 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Yaren Banyun

**Banyun** (Banyum), Nyun, ko **Bainouk**, wani yanki ne na yaren Senegambian na Senegal da Guinea-Bissau .

 sune *Bagnoun, Banhum, Banyung* da Bainuk, Banyuk; wasu sunaye sune *Elomay ~ Elunay*; don nau'in Gunyaamolo Ñuñ ko *Nyamone*, da kuma Gunyuño *Guñuun* ko *Samik*. Masu magana  shi suna kiran yaren *gu-jaaxər*.

Dubi Baïnounk Gubeher don ilimin sauti na harshe mai alaƙa da juna, wani lokacin ana zaton yaren Banyum ne.

## Iri-iri
Akwai nau'o'i uku na Banyun: Baïnouk-gunyaamolo, Baïnoik Samik, da Baïnouki gunyuño .

* Mutane 30,000 ne ke magana da **Bainouk-Gunyaamolo** a shekarar 2013. Ana magana da shi a arewacin yankin Kogin Casamance, a cikin triangle da garuruwan Bignona, Tobor da Niamone suka kafa ko arewacin Ziguinchor. Ana kuma magana da shi a Gambiya.
* Baïnouk-Samik ana magana da shi ne ta mutane 1,850 a shekara ta 2006. Ana samunsa galibi a gefen hagu na Kogin Casamance, a kusa da Samik da ƙauyukan da ke kewaye, kimanin kilomita 20 a gabashin Ziguinchor.&nbsp;
* **Baïnouk-Gunyuño** (**Bainounk-Gujaher**) ana magana da shi ne ta mutane 8,860 a shekara ta 2006. Ana samunsa a yankin Cacheu da kusa da São Domingos a Guinea-Bissau .

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Yaren Mele-Fila

**[[Mele (tsibiran)|Mele]]-Fila** (Ifira-Mele) yare ne na Polynesia da ake magana a Mele da Ifira a tsibirin Efate a Vanuatu . Duk da bambance-bambance, Mele da Fila yare ne guda biyu kuma suna fahimtar juna. Faransanci  Ingilishi suma sun zama ruwan dare a tsakanin mazaunan Efate.

Mele-Fila yare ne na yau da kullun ga mazaunan ƙauyen Mele da tsibirin Fila . Garin Mele, tare da yawan mutane 1,000, yana da kusan kilomita 7 a arewa maso yammacin Port Vila, babban birnin kasar.  Fila, tare da yawan mutane 400, yana da nisan kilomita 1.5 a yammacin Vila.

## Tarihi
Dangane da shaidar archaeological, an fahimci cewa mutanen da ke magana da yarukan Austronesian sun samo asali ne a tsibirin Taiwan kimanin shekaru 6000 da suka gabata.  daga cikin zuriyarsu sun kafa wayewar Lapita, waɗanda suka tashi zuwa Oceania mai nisa, gami da Vanuatu, kimanin shekaru 3,200 da suka gabata.

Jama'ar Mele-Fila na cikin 'yan asalin Polynesia ne, waɗanda a tarihi suka fito ne daga Polynesia ta Tsakiya (Tonga, Samoa) a cikin shekaru dubu biyu da suka gabata.

## Fasahar sauti

Wannan harshe ba sabon abu ba ne tsakanin harsunan Polynesian saboda sautin sa /tɕ/ .  cikin yaren Fila, /p/ da /m/ ba su da bambanci da takwarorinsu na Labialized.

Mele wasula suna kama da sauran wasula na Polynesian kamar yadda akwai /i e o u/ tsawo da gajeren lokaci. Fiye  rabin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin yaren sun fito ne daga harshen Proto Polynesian.An adana wasula na farko da aka matsa, yayin da aka cire wasula na asali da ba a matsawa ba.

: "Tsohon: Turanci: to, Mele: gafuru, PPN: angafulu"
: "Mutum: Turanci: jiya, Mele: nanafi, PPN: ananfi" 

Labarai da ƙwayoyin magana tare da sautuna masu tsawo da ba a matsa musu ba sau da yawa suna da sautunan da ba a rage su ba: 

: Misali: ruú ́́are - "Gidaje biyu"
: Misali: ru pókasi - "azaki biyu"

## Manazarta
Yaren Kasanga

**Kasanga** (Cassanga) ko *Haal* yare ne na Senegambian da ake magana da shi a al'ada a wasu ƙauyuka na Guinea-Bissau . Masu magana da shi suna kiran yaren *gu-haaca*.  magana suna canzawa zuwa Mandinka.

## Bayanan da aka ambata