Mashigar Hormuz

**Mashigar Hormuz** (a Turanci: *Strait of Hormuz*) wata muhimmiyar mashigar teku ce da ke haɗa Persian Gulf da Gulf of Oman, sannan ta kai izuwa yankin tekun LarabawaArabian Sea. Mashigar tana tsakanin ƙasar Iran a arewacin da kuma yankin Oman da haɗaɗdiyar daular karu wato  United Arab Emirates a yankin kudu. Wannan mashiga tana daga cikin hanyoyin ruwa mafi muhimmanci a duniya saboda yawancin jiragen ruwa masu ɗauke da man fetur daga yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya suna wucewa ta cikinta.

Saboda muhimmancin tattalin arziki da siyasa da take da shi, Mashigar Hormuz tana ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da ake kula da su sosai a duniya. Duk wani rikici ko matsala a wannan mashiga na iya kawo tarnaƙi da  tashin ga farashin danyen mai da kuma tattalin arzikin ƙasashe da dama.

## Yanayin ƙasa

Mashigar Hormuz tana da faɗi kusan kilomita 39 a mafi ƙuncin wuri. Duk da wannan faɗi, hanyoyin da manyan jiragen ruwa ke bi suna da iyaka saboda dokokin zirga-zirgar teku da kuma tsaron jiragen ruwa. Saboda haka, an tsara hanyoyi na musamman guda biyu domin shigar jirage da kuma fitar da su daga mashigar.

A arewacin mashigar akwai gabar tekun Iran, yayin da a kudanci akwai yankunan Oman da United Arab Emirates. A kusa da mashigar akwai wasu ƙananan tsibirai da dama waɗanda ke da muhimmanci wajen lura da zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa.

Daga cikin tsibirai mafi shahara a yankin akwai:

* Tsibirin Qeshm
* Tsibirin Hormuz
* Abu Musa
* Greater Tunb
* Lesser Tunb

Wasu daga cikin waɗannan tsibirai suna cikin takaddama tsakanin Iran da wasu ƙasashen yankin.

## Muhimmancin tattalin arziki

Mashigar Hormuz tana da muhimmanci sosai ga tattalin arzikin duniya saboda yawancin man fetur da ake fitarwa daga yankin Persian Gulf yana bi ta wannan mashiga. Ƙasashe kamar Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar da United Arab Emirates suna amfani da wannan hanya wajen jigilar mai zuwa kasuwannin duniya.

A kowace rana, jiragen ruwa masu yawa da ke ɗauke da mai da gas suna wucewa ta mashigar. Saboda haka, duk wani rikici da zai hana zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa a yankin na iya jawo tashin farashin mai a kasuwannin duniya.

Haka kuma, mashigar tana da muhimmanci wajen jigilar natural gas musamman daga ƙasar Qatar, wadda ke daga cikin manyan masu fitar da gas a duniya.

## Muhimmancin soja

Mashigar Hormuz tana da muhimmanci sosai a fannin tsaro da harkokin soja. Saboda muhimmancin da take da shi ga tattalin arzikin duniya, ƙasashe da dama suna da sha'awar tabbatar da cewa zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa a yankin tana tafiya cikin aminci.

Ƙasashe kamar Iran suna da sansanonin soja a yankin mashigar domin kare iyakokinsu. Haka kuma Amurka da wasu ƙasashen yamma suna yawan gudanar da sintiri na sojojin ruwa a yankin domin kare jiragen kasuwanci.

Saboda wannan dalili, mashigar ta zama wani muhimmin wuri na dabarun soja a yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya.

## Rikice-rikice a yankin

A cikin tarihin zamani, Mashigar Hormuz ta sha fuskantar rikice-rikice da tashin hankali. Sau da dama an samu takaddama tsakanin Iran da wasu ƙasashen yamma ko kuma ƙasashen yankin Gulf.

A wasu lokuta, an zargi Iran da barazanar rufe mashigar idan aka ƙara mata takunkumi na tattalin arziki. Idan mashigar ta rufe, hakan na iya kawo babbar tangarda ga kasuwancin man fetur a duniya.

Haka kuma a wasu lokuta an samu hare-hare kan jiragen ruwa a yankin, wanda ya jawo damuwa daga ƙasashen duniya.

## Muhimmanci ga duniya

Mashigar Hormuz tana daga cikin muhimman wurare na tattalin arzikin duniya saboda tana haɗa manyan wuraren samar da mai da kasuwannin duniya. Saboda haka, tsaron wannan mashiga yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga ƙasashe da dama.

Masana tattalin arziki da na tsaro suna ganin cewa duk wani rikici a wannan wuri na iya haifar da manyan sauye-sauye a kasuwannin mai da kuma tattalin arzikin duniya gaba ɗaya.

Saboda haka, Mashigar Hormuz tana ci gaba da kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da ake sa ido sosai a duniya, musamman daga ƙasashen da tattalin arzikinsu ya dogara da makamashi.

## Manazarta