Ridge

A ridge ne mai tsawo, m, m geomorphologic landform, tsarin fasalin, ko kuma hadewar duka biyu raba daga da ke kewaye da ƙasa da m bangarorin. Yankunan **tudun** suna gangara daga wani kunkuntar saman, **ƙwanƙwasawa** ko ƙwanƙolin, tare da ƙasa da ke saukowa a kowane gefe. Ƙarƙashin, idan kunkuntar, ana kiransa **ridgeline**. Ƙuntatawa a kan girman tudu ba su da yawa. Tsawonta sama da filin da ke kewaye da shi na iya bambanta daga ƙasa da mita zuwa daruruwan mita. A ridge iya zama ko dai depositional, erosional, tectonic, ko haɗuwa da waɗannan a asali kuma iya kunshe da ko dai bedrock, loose sediment, lava, ko kankara dangane da asalinsa. A ridge na iya faruwa a matsayin ko dai wani ware, mai zaman kansa fasalin ko wani ɓangare na mafi girma geomorphological da / ko tsarin fasalin. Sau da yawa, ana iya raba tudun zuwa ƙananan abubuwa na geomorphic ko tsarin.

## Rarraba
Kamar yadda yake game da yanayin ƙasa gabaɗaya, akwai rashin kowane rarrabuwa da aka yarda da shi ko nau'in tuddai. Ana iya bayyana su kuma a rarraba su bisa ga dalilai daban-daban ciki har da ko dai asali, morphology, abun da ke ciki, nazarin kididdiga na bayanan nesa, ko wasu haɗuwa da waɗannan abubuwan.

Misali na rarraba tuddai shine na Schoeneberger da Wysocki,  wanda ke ba da tsarin da ya fi sauƙi kuma mai sauƙi wanda Shirin Nazarin Kasa na Amurka ke amfani da shi don rarraba tuduna da sauran siffofin ƙasa. Wannan tsarin yana amfani da tsarin geomorphic ko saiti don rarraba ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na siffofi zuwa manyan ƙungiyoyi biyu, Yanayin Geomorphic da Sauran Ƙungiyoyi tare da jimlar ƙungiyoyi 16. Kungiyoyin da ƙananan rukuni ba su da bambanci ga juna; siffofin ƙasa, gami da tuddai, na iya kasancewa cikin ƙananan rukuni da yawa. A cikin wannan rarrabuwa, ana samun tuddai a cikin Aeolian, Coastal Marine da Estuarine, Lacustrine, Glacial, Volcanic da Hydrothermal, Tectonic da Structural, Slope, da Erosional subgroups.

### Yankin Aeolian

; Dutsen Aeolian
: Wani tudun dune na aeolian wani tudun yashi ne wanda iska ta tara. Yankin yashi na iya zama ko dai tudu ko tudun yashi da iska ta tara. Dune guda ɗaya na yashi na iya kasancewa a tsawon daga ƙasa da mita ɗaya zuwa dubban kilomita, tsayinsu na iya bambanta daga 'yan santimita goma zuwa mita 150. *Megadunes* ko *draas* manyan dunes ne, wanda zai iya samun karamin dunes a kansu.

### Yankunan bakin teku

; Yankin bakin teku
: Yankin rairayin bakin teku yana da ƙananan, ainihin ci gaba na rairayin rairayin kan teku ko rairayin mallaka da aka tara ta hanyar aikin raƙuman ruwa da raƙuman raƙuman ƙasa a kan iyakar yanzu na raƙuman guguwa da kuma isa ga raƙuman ruwan sama na yau da kullun. Suna faruwa ne kawai ko kuma a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin jerin kusan layi daya waɗanda ke kusa da layi daya da bakin teku.

### Yankunan yaduwar ruwa

; Dendritic ridge
: A cikin yanayin tsaunuka na al'ada, kwarin kwari na rafi zai bar tsaunuka masu shiga tsakani. Wadannan su ne mafi yawan tsaunuka. Wadannan tuddai yawanci suna wakiltar dutse mai tsayayya da rushewa, amma ba koyaushe ba - sau da yawa suna kasancewa saboda akwai ƙarin haɗin gwiwa inda kwarin suka samo asali ko wasu abubuwan da suka faru. Wannan nau'in tudun yawanci yana da ɗan bazuwar a cikin daidaitawa, sau da yawa yana canza shugabanci akai-akai, sau da kullun a lokaci-lokaci a saman tudun.

; Yankin da aka yi wa hari
: A strike ridge ne asymmetric ridge halitta ta bambancin rushewa na wani m, erosion-resistant, nutsewa Layer na dutse sandwiched tsakanin layers na raunana, da sauƙin rushewa dutse. Yankin yajin aiki yana da gefen da ya fi dacewa (dutse mai laushi), wanda kusan yayi daidai da layin da ya karkata na dutse mai tsayayya da rushewa. Kayan da ke gefen dutsen yajin aiki yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci, mai tsayi ko gangara mai kama da dutse (ƙananan gangara) wanda ke yankewa a fadin shimfidar duwatsu. A cikin foldbelts kamar Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians, suna samar da jerin tsawo, layi daya, madaidaiciya zuwa arcuate ridges. An raba tuddai zuwa cuestas, flatirons, homoclinal ridges, da Hogbacks.

; Reef
: Kalmar da masu bincike da mazauna farko suka yi amfani da ita a yammacin Amurka ga tuddai waɗanda suka zama shingen dutse ga tafiye-tafiye na ƙasa, ta hanyar kwatanci da reefs na teku a matsayin shingen tafiye-tarayyar teku. Misalan sun hada da Capitol Reef National Park  da San Rafael Reef . Amfani na iya samo asali ne daga ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa a lokacin zinare na Australiya don bayyana tsaunuka masu dauke da zinariya na Bendigo, Ostiraliya.

### Yankunan kankara

; Moraines da eskers
: Ayyukan kankara na iya barin tuddai a cikin nau'ikan moraines da eskers. Arête wani dutse ne mai laushi wanda aka kafa ta hanyar rushewar kankara.

; Rashin matsin lamba (ƙanƙara) 
: Rashin matsin kankara wani dutse ne na kankara da ya lalace tare da iyakokin kankara lokacin da kankara ke gudana a kan tafki ko teku ya yi karo kuma ya matsa gefen su. Matsakaicin tsawo na matsin kankara na teku yana tsakanin mita 5 zuwa 30.

### Yankunan tectonic da Tsarin

; Yankin da ke yaduwa a cikin teku
: A cikin yankunan da ke yaduwa a duniya, kamar a Mid-Atlantic Ridge, aikin dutsen wuta yana samar da sabuwar ƙasa tsakanin iyakokin tectonic suna haifar da tuddai na dutsen wuta a yankin yaduwa. Kasancewa da rushewa a hankali yana rage tsaunuka da ke motsawa daga yankin.

; Tasirin Crater
: Manyan hare-haren Asteroid yawanci suna samar da manyan craters masu tasiri da ke da iyaka da rim (s) waɗanda ke da tuddai (s). 

; Shutter ridge
: A shutter ridge ne wani ridge cewa ya motsa tare da wani kuskure layin, toshe ko karkatar da drainage. Yawanci, wani shinge mai rufewa yana haifar da kwarin da ya dace da daidaitattun kuskuren da ke samar da shi.

; Rashin matsin lamba (lava) 
: Wani takamaiman yanayin matsin lamba, wanda aka fi sani da *Tumulus*, yawanci yana tasowa a cikin kwararar dutse, musamman lokacin da aka yi saurin motsi a ƙarƙashin rijiyoyin ɓawon burodi sama. Yankin da ya lalace yawanci yana ƙuƙwalwa don karɓar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwasawa, don haka yana haifar da tsakiya na tsakiya tare da tsawon tumulus.

; Crater / caldera ridges
: Manyan tsaunuka masu fitattun wuta galibi suna da rami na tsakiya ko caldera ko duka biyun, ke da iyaka da gefuna waɗanda ke samar da tuddai masu zagaye.

; Dutsen dutsen wuta mai zurfi
: Rushewar dutsen wuta na subglacial na iya haifar da tuddai na dutsen wuta, wanda aka sani da *tindars*, wanda ya bambanta daga dubban mita har zuwa mita 250 a tsawo. Tindars tarin toka ne na dutsen wuta wanda aka haifar da fashewar fashewar ruwa a cikin wani tafki mai cike da ruwa mai narkewa ko tafki a cikin kankara ko kankara.

## Manazarta

## Manazarta