Haushi mai laushi

**Fuzzy hashing**, wanda kuma aka sani da **kamanceceniya hashing**,  wata dabara ce ta gano bayanai iri ɗaya, amma ba iri ɗaya ba, kamar sauran bayanai. Wannan ya bambanta da ayyukan hash na ɓoye-ɓoye, waɗanda aka tsara don samun hashes daban-daban har ma da ƙananan bambance-bambance. An yi amfani da hashing na Fuzzy don gano malware   kuma yana da yuwuwar wasu aikace-aikace, kamar hana asarar bayanai da gano nau'ikan lambar da yawa.  

## Bayani
Aikin hash algorithm ne na lissafi wanda ke taswirar bayanai masu girman da ba a saba gani ba zuwa ga fitarwa mai girman da aka ƙayyade. Mafita da yawa suna amfani da ayyukan hash na cryptographic kamar SHA-256 don gano kwafi ko duba fayilolin da aka sani a cikin tarin fayiloli masu yawa.  Duk da haka, ba za a iya amfani da ayyukan hash na cryptographic don tantance ko fayil yayi *kama* da fayil da aka sani ba, saboda ɗayan buƙatun aikin hash na cryptographic shine ƙaramin canji ga shigarwar ya kamata ya canza ƙimar hash sosai har sabon ƙimar hash ya bayyana ba shi da alaƙa da tsohon ƙimar hash ( tasirin avalanche ). 

Fuzzy hashing yana wanzu don magance wannan matsalar gano bayanai iri ɗaya, amma ba iri ɗaya ba, kamar sauran bayanai. Fuzzy hashing algorithms musamman suna amfani da algorithms inda shigarwar guda biyu masu kama da juna zasu samar da ƙimar hash guda biyu masu kama. Wannan kadara ita ce akasin tasirin ambaliya da ake so a cikin ayyukan hash na ɓoye.

Ana iya amfani da hashing mai haske don gano lokacin da wani abu ya ƙunshe a cikin wani abu. 

## Hanyoyin da za a bi
Akwai wasu hanyoyi da ake amfani da su wajen gina algorithms na hash mai haske:  

* Hashing mai haɗa kalmomi (CTPH), wanda ke gina hash ta hanyar raba shigarwar zuwa guntu-guntu da yawa, yana ƙididdige hashes na gargajiya na kowane guntu, sannan ya haɗa waɗannan hashes na gargajiya zuwa igiya ɗaya. 
* Hashing mai saurin fahimtar yankin yana sanya irin waɗannan abubuwan shigarwa a cikin "bokiti" iri ɗaya, wanda za'a iya amfani da shi don tattara bayanai da kuma binciken maƙwabta mafi kusa .

## Kayan aiki masu mahimmanci da algorithms

* *spamsum* kayan aiki ne da Andrew Tridgell ya rubuta wanda ke amfani da hashing mai haske don tantance ko imel yayi kama da spam da aka sani. Yana aiki ta hanyar samar da hash mai haske don imel wanda yake kwatantawa da hashes mai haske daga imel ɗin spam da aka sani don samar da sakamakon daidaitawa tsakanin 0 (cikakken rashin daidaito) zuwa 100 (cikakken daidaito). Idan sakamakon daidaitawa ya isa, ana rarraba imel ɗin a matsayin spam.  
* *Nilsimsa Hash* wani tsari ne na hana spam kuma mai mai da hankali kan hashing na gida .
* *ssdeep* kayan aiki ne mai ban sha'awa na hashing wanda aka gina bisa ga hashing mai ma'ana don kwatanta fayiloli. 
* *sdhash* kayan aiki ne na hashing mai haske wanda aka yi amfani da shi ta hanyar amfani da matattarar Bloom don tantance ko fayil ɗaya yana cikin wani ko kuma yadda fayiloli biyu suke kama da juna. 
* *TLSH* wani tsari ne na hashing mai sauƙin fahimta a cikin gida don kwatanta ko fayiloli suna kama da juna. An yi amfani da shi don tattara malware. 
* *Rspamd* yana amfani da hashing mai laushi don gano imel ɗin spam, ta amfani da *algorithm na shingles* don wannan dalili.