Heather E. Bullock

**Heather E. Bullock** Masaniyar ilimin halayyar jama'a ce ta Amurka. Ita Farfesa ce a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam kuma Darakta na Cibiyar Adalci da Ayyuka ta Tattalin Arziki (tsohuwar Cibiyar Blum kan Talauci, Kasuwancin Jama'a, da Gudanar da Kasuwanci) a Jami'ar California, Santa Cruz .  An san Bullock da bincikenta game da imanin mutane game da bambancin tattalin arziki da kuma sakamakon imanin da ya dace game da matalauta akan manufofin jama'a. Wannan ya haɗa da aikin nazarin halaye game da talauci da kafofin watsa labarai suka yi, da kuma yadda irin waɗannan halaye ke tasiri ga goyon bayan jama'a ga manufofin jin dadin jama'a.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Bullock ta sami B.A. daga Kwalejin Allegheny da ke Meadville, Pennsylvania . Ta tafi makarantar digiri a Jami'ar Rhode Island inda ta sami Ph.D. a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam a shekarar 1995 a karkashin kulawar Bernice Lott .  Rubutun Bullock ya bincika abubuwan da ke tattare da talauci ta hanyar neman mutanen da ke cikin matsakaicin matsayi da masu karɓar jin daɗi su bayyana talauci. Bullock ya yi aiki a matsayin editan mujallar Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy .  An ba ta lambar yabo ta Iva Patterson Gilmore a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam daga Kwalejin Allegheny a shekarar 1988. 

Bullock ta shiga cikin APA Task Force on Social Economic Status a shekara ta 2006  kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban farko na American Psychological Association (APA) Committee on Social Economic Situation daga 2007 zuwa 2009. Kwamitin ya girmama Bullock tare da Kyautar Jagorancin Masanin Halitta a cikin 2013.

Tare da Bernice Lott, Bullock ta rubuta littafin Psychology and Economic Injustice: Personal, Professional, and Political Intersections,   wanda ya sami Kyautar Kyautattun Littattafai daga Ƙungiyar Mata a cikin Psychology,  da kuma karɓa daga Ƙungiyar Laburaren Amirka.  Bullock kuma marubuciya ce ta Mata da Talauci: Psychology, Public Policy, da Social Justice .   A cikin 2018, an nada Bullock don aiki a cikin Kungiyar APA kan Talauci mai zurfi, wanda ke da niyyar amfani da kimiyyar halayyar mutum don "ƙalubalanci halayen nuna bambanci da imani, sanar da manufofi da inganta aiki da shirye-shirye... da kuma wuce fahimtar abubuwan da ke haifar da talauci".

## Bincike
A cikin Intersections of Ethnicity and Social Class in Provider Advice Game da Lafiya ta Rubuta, Bullock da abokan aikinta Roberta Downing, da Thomas A. LaVeist sun bincika ko mata masu karamin karfi suna fuskantar kunya da ke da alaƙa da ɗaukar yara. Sun tantance ko mata masu karamin karfi sun fahimci masu ba da kiwon lafiya kamar yadda suke ba su shawara su iyakance yawan yara na gaba. Sun gano cewa, idan aka kwatanta da mata masu fararen fata na tsakiya, mata masu launin fata da ƙananan Latinas suna cikin karuwar yiwuwar hana su haihuwa. Binciken ya nuna yadda kabilanci da zamantakewar jama'a na iya rinjayar hulɗar mata tare da masu ba da kiwon lafiya na haihuwa.

A cikin Hotunan Media na Talakawa, Bullock da abokan aikinta Karen Fraser Wyche, da Wendy R. Williams sun bincika hotunan talakawa da aka gabatar a cikin kafofin watsa labarai. Sun kimanta yaduwar irin wannan hotuna da kuma hotuna na aji, wariyar launin fata da na jima'i, kuma suna da sha'awar ko hotunan kafofin watsa labarai na matalauta sun canza bayan sake fasalin jin dadin a 1999. Sun yanke shawarar cewa yawancin labaran sun nuna cikas ga masu karɓar jin daɗi da matalauta da suka fuskanta da tausayi. Sun ji cewa kafofin watsa labarai ba su yi aiki mai kyau ba wajen tsara talauci, bincika abubuwan da ke haifar da shi, da neman mafita. Gabaɗaya sun ji cewa kafofin watsa labarai sun gabatar da rashin daidaito na tattalin arziki da talauci a hankali kuma sun ji cewa alhakin kafofin watsa labarai ne su kalubalanci imani game da talauci kuma su haifar da motsi zuwa ga jin dadin jama'a da sake fasalin zamantakewa.

## Littattafai

* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] Halin Talauci: Kwatanta Halin Tsakiya da Halin Mai Amfani 1. *Jaridar Applied Social Psychology*, *29* (10), 2059-2082.
* [Hasiya] Daga gaba na sake fasalin jin dadin jama'a: Binciken halin ma'aikacin zamantakewa da masu karɓar jin dadin jamaʼa. *Jaridar Social Psychology, 144*, 571-588.
* Downing, R.A., LaVeist, T.A., da Bullock, H.E. (2007). Tsakanin kabilanci da zamantakewar al'umma a cikin shawarwarin mai ba da sabis game da lafiyar haihuwa. American Journal of Public Health, 97, 1803-1807.
* [Hasiya] "Playing the fool:" Manufofin jin dadin Amurka daga hangen nesa na tseren, Feminism and Psychology, 15, 253-274.
* [Hasiya] Shirya manufofin sake rarraba Amurka: Ƙaunar mata matalauta da rage haraji ga tsofaffi. *Binciken Batutuwan Jama'a da Manufofin Jama'a, 9,* 57-83.
* [Hasiya] Wanene talakawa? Jaridar Social Issues, *57* (2), 189-206.

## Manazarta