Jordi Bascompte

**Jordi Bascompte** (an haife shi a Olot a ranar 20 ga Mayu 1967) farfesa ne a fannin ilimin halittu a Jami'ar Zurich kuma darektan shirin digiri na musamman kan kimiyyar muhalli mai yawa.  An fi saninsa da kawo hulɗar fa'idar juna tsakanin shuke-shuke da dabbobi cikin ilimin halittu na al'umma, a lokacin farauta da gasa sun mamaye shi. Amfani da ka'idar hanyar sadarwa a nazarin hulɗar juna ya gano dokokin gabaɗaya waɗanda ke tantance yadda hulɗar nau'ikan halittu ke tsara bambancin halittu.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Jordi Bascompte a Olot, wani ƙaramin birni a lardin Girona, Spain, wanda ke da yanayin aman wuta.&nbsp;Ya girma a Barcelona kuma ya zama mai son kallon tsuntsaye tun yana ƙarami, galibi saboda tasirin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na wani masanin kimiyyar halittu ɗan ƙasar Spain mai suna Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente . Daga baya, ya saba da aikin marigayi masanin kimiyyar muhalli Ramon Margalef, wanda ya yi mu'amala mai ɗorewa da shi a lokacin karatunsa na digirin digirgir a Jami'ar Barcelona . Margalef ya zama babban tasiri a fannin kimiyya a rayuwarsa.&nbsp;Sauran masana kimiyya waɗanda suka yi tasiri sosai a aikinsa su ne masanin ilimin halittu na ci gaba Pere Alberch (wanda tare da Margalef suka yi aiki a kwamitinsa na PhD) da kuma Ilya Prigogine, wacce ta lashe kyautar Nobel, wacce ya haɗu da ita a wata makarantar bazara da Jami'ar Madrid ta shirya. 

## Aiki da bincike a fannin aiki
Binciken Bascompte ya haɗa ka'ida da nazarin manyan bayanai don magance matsalolin asali da na amfani a fannin ilimin halittu. A farkon matakan bincikensa, ya yi nazarin girman sararin samaniya na yawan jama'a da yanayin al'umma. Wannan ya samar da sabbin kimantawa don ƙoƙarin amsa tambayoyin da ba a warware ba a fannin ilimin halittu na kiyayewa kamar adadin mazaunin da za a iya lalata kafin a lalata yawan jama'a a yankuna, ko adadin wuraren da ake buƙata don dorewar yawan jama'a.  

Bayan ya koma Sevilla, bincikensa ya koma nazarin tsari da yanayin hanyoyin sadarwa na muhalli. Bascompte ya yi amfani da ka'idar hanyar sadarwa wajen nazarin hulɗar da ke tsakanin tsirrai da masu watsa su ko masu watsa iri, wanda ya samar da tsarin adadi don magance haɗin kai a matakin al'umma. Mataki na farko na wannan binciken, an yi shi ne don bayyana tsarin waɗannan hanyoyin sadarwa. Tare da Pedro Jordano da Jens Olesen, Bascompte ya nuna cewa hanyoyin sadarwa na haɗin kai suna nuna tsarin tsari mai maimaitawa.  Wannan binciken ya taimaka wajen yin watsi da zato mara tushe cewa haɗin kai dole ne ya haifar da hulɗar da ta kebanta sosai ko kuma haɗuwa mai yaɗuwa wadda ba za a iya magance ta ba. Tambayar da ke tafe ita ce menene tasirin muhalli da muhalli da waɗannan tsarin za su iya yi.&nbsp;Amsar wannan tambayar ta samu cikas sakamakon rashin tsarin nazari kamar wanda ke akwai don gasa ko farauta.

Bascompte ya haɗu da ƙungiyar masana kimiyyar lissafi don gina tsarin nazari bisa ga ra'ayin daidaiton tsari don tantance sakamakon tsarin hanyar sadarwa don rayuwa tare da nau'ikan halittu da ƙarfin al'umma. Waɗannan sakamakon sun nuna cewa tsarin hanyoyin sadarwa na mutualistic yana ƙara yawan nau'ikan halittu masu rayuwa tare ta hanyar ƙara rawar da suke takawa wajen sauƙaƙewa fiye da gasa kuma yana ƙara yawan bambancin da waɗannan al'ummomin za su iya jurewa kafin a kawar da wani nau'in ko fiye. Waɗannan sakamakon sun haifar da tunanin hanyoyin sadarwa na mutualistic dangane da tsarin bambancin halittu. Saboda al'ummomi da yawa sun riga sun fara rasa nau'ikan halittu, duk da haka, ba wai kawai yana da mahimmanci a san irin rikice-rikicen da waɗannan hanyoyin sadarwa na mutualistic za su iya jurewa kafin su fara rasa nau'ikan halittu ba, har ma da menene ƙimar rushewar hanyar sadarwa da zarar ɓacewa ta fara faruwa.  

Abin mamaki, irin wannan hulɗar da ke tsakanin amfanin juna wadda ta taimaka wajen samar da irin waɗannan manyan dabi'un halittu na iya hanzarta saurin lalacewar irin waɗannan halittu. Musamman ma, ɓacewar nau'ikan halittu na iya haifar da haɗuwar ƙarewa -- ƙungiyoyin nau'ikan halittu masu alaƙa suna ɓacewa sakamakon ɓacewar nau'ikan halittu da suke dogara da su. Bascompte da abokan aikinsa sun nuna cewa haɗa hulɗar nau'ikan halittu cikin samfuran canjin yanayi ba wai kawai yana ƙara yawan nau'ikan da aka annabta za su ɓace ba;&nbsp;yana kuma canza yadda ake zaɓar nau'ikan halittu da ke wanzuwa daga bishiyoyin da suka samo asali da kuma waɗanda ke aiki, tare da yuwuwar tasiri ga aiki da ƙarfin al'ummomin da suka biyo baya. 

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Bascompte da tsohon ma'aikacinsa Rodrigo Cámara-Leret sun yi amfani da wannan hanyar sadarwa don tsara ilimin da al'ummomin 'yan asalin ƙasar ke da shi game da ayyukan da tsire-tsire da ke kewaye ke bayarwa da kuma yadda ake raba wannan ilimin tsakanin harsuna daban-daban.  Wannan aikin ya nuna cewa babban ɓangare na ilimin magani ya keɓance ga harshe ɗaya kuma waɗannan harsunan da ke da ilimin magani na musamman suna cikin waɗanda suka fi fuskantar barazanar rayuwa, wanda zai iya kawo cikas ga ƙarfin ɗan adam na gano magani.

## Littattafai

* *Tsarin Kai a Tsarin Halittu Masu Hadaka* (tare da RV Solé) 
* *Cibiyoyin Sadarwa na Mutualistic* (tare da P. Jordano) 
* *Evolución y Complejidad* (tare da Bartolo Luque)
* *Tsarin Tsarin Yanayi na Spatiotemporal a Ilimin Halittu* (tare da RV Solé)

## Lambobin yabo da girmamawa

* Kyautar Matasan Masu Bincike ta Turai (2004)
* Kyautar George Mercer ta Ƙungiyar Muhalli ta Amurka (2007) 
* Kyautar Rey Jaime I (2010) 
* Kyautar Bincike ta Ƙasa ta Sipaniya (2011)
* Kyautar Littafin Shekara na Marsh na Ƙungiyar Muhalli ta Burtaniya (2016) 
* Kyautar Ramon Margalef a fannin Ilimin Halittu (2021) 

## Manazarta