Gidan binnewar Afirka na Shockoe Hill

**a**

**Gidan binnewar Afirka na Shockoe Hill** (Gidan binnewar Afrika na 2 na Richmond) an kafa shi ne ta birnin Richmond, Virginia, don binne 'yanci masu launin fata, da kuma bayi. Zuciyar wannan wurin binnewa marar ganuwa yanzu tana cikin 1305 N 5th St.

An halicce shi ne a matsayin maye gurbin Burial Ground for Negroes, yanzu kuma ana kiransa Shockoe Bottom African Burial Groond, (ko African Burial Land a Shockoe Vottom). Shockoe Bottom an san shi a tarihi da Shockoe Valley . An rufe Gidan binnewa na Negroes a cikin 1816 a kan bude wannan sabon Gidan binnewar Afirka a kan Shockoe Hill. Gidan binnewar Afirka na Shockoe Hill yana daya daga cikin wuraren tarihi da ke cikin haɗari a Virginia. Manyan barazanar da ake yi wa jana'izar ita ce aikin dogo mai saurin gudu na DC2RVA, hanyar Commonwealth ta gabas zuwa yamma, RVA757 Connector da aka tsara, da kuma fadada I-64, da ayyukan ababen more rayuwa daban-daban.￼

## Tarihi

### Kafawa
An kafa filin binnewar Afirka na Shockoe Hill a cikin 1816 .  Ya kasance wani bangare ne na Shockoe Hill Burying Ground, wanda aka fi sani da Shockoe Hills Cemetery, wani wuri ne na binnewa na gari mallakar kuma yana aiki da Birnin Richmond. Superintendent na Shockoe Hill Burying Ground ne ya gudanar da shi, wanda kuma shi ne Superintendente na Poorhouse (ban da shekarun 1863-1867 lokacin da aka raba mukamai) da kuma Asibitin City  An kuma kira Poorhouse Almshouse. Kwamitin binnewar Shockoe Hill ne ke kula da wurin binnewar, wanda kwamitin tsayawa ne na Majalisar Birnin Richmond. Gidan binnewar Afirka ya kasance mai aiki tun daga buɗewa a watan Fabrairun 1816 har zuwa rufewa ta birnin saboda yanayin da ya cika a watan Yunin 1879. Yankin da ya ƙunshi wannan wuri na binnewa da ba a san shi ba, ba shi da wani abu a samansa wanda zai sa ya zama bayyane a matsayin makabartar a yau. Yankunansa na asali guda biyu suna a kusurwar arewa maso gabashin 5th da Hospital St., a fadin hanya daga Kabarin Ibrananci. Ya karu sosai a cikin girman a tsawon lokaci, yana fadada a kowane bangare. A shekara ta 1850 filayensa sun kunshi kusan kadada 15. Taswirar baya sun nuna fadadawa mafi girma, zuwa dan kadan sama da kadada 31.

### Taswirar
A cikin shekarun 1870 an lakafta shi a kan taswira a matsayin filin Potter, har sai ya bayyana a 1905 .  Taswirar 1905 ta nuna cewa ya faɗaɗa yamma a bayan The Almshouse zuwa 2nd St, da arewa zuwa Bacon's Quarter Branch . Wasu taswirar sun nuna cewa ya kai gabas kusan har zuwa 8th St. Taswirar da suka gabata sun nuna shi da sunaye daban-daban. A kan Shirin 1816 na Gidan Gida na Richmond, an lakafta filayen guda biyu na acre ɗaya "Gidan binnewa don 'Yancin Mutanen da ke da Yanayi", da kuma "Gidan jana'izar Negroes". A kan 1817 Taswirar Birnin Richmond, ya bayyana a matsayin "Mutanen da ba su da launi na B.G. da "Negro (e's) B.G". Shirin 1835 na Birnin Richmond ya rubuta shi a matsayin "Grave Yard for Free People of Colour" da "For Slaves". A kan wannan taswirar an kara wurin binne bayi da kimanin kadada 1.3. Taswirar Bates ta 1842 ta nuna shi a matsayin "Gidan binnewa don Masu Launi" da kuma "Gidan jana'izar bayi". A kan Shirin Richmond na 1849, ana kiranta wuri ɗaya, kuma ana kiranta "Gidan binnewa don Mutanen da ke da launi". A cikin 1850 Majalisar Jama'a ta kara wurin binne mutane masu launin fata da kadada 9 ban da filin Asibitin Birnin. A kan taswirar Smith ta 1853 na Henrico County, Virginia, ya bayyana sau biyu. A kan yankin gundumar taswirar ya bayyana a ƙarƙashin "Shockoe Hill Burying Ground". A kan wani bangare na birnin Richmond na taswirar ya bayyana a matsayin "African Burying Ground". A kan taswirar 1856 na birnin Richmond, Henrico County, duk wurin binnewa (baƙar fata da fari) ya bayyana a ƙarƙashin suna ɗaya, ba tare da ƙarin alamun da ke nuna matsayinsa na rarrabewa ba. Kodayake har yanzu an raba shi, ya bayyana kawai a matsayin "Shockoe Hill Burying Ground". Wannan kuma shine sunan da ya bayyana a cikin mafi yawan rubuce-rubuce, kamar rahotanni na binnewa. Hakanan gaskiya ne ga wasu taswirori daga shekarun 1860. Koyaya; daga haɗuwa da sunayen biyu wanda ya bayyana a kan Taswirar 1853 ne aka samo sunan "Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground".

A lokacin yakin basasa, an binne gawarwakin fursunonin Sojojin Tarayyar sama da 500 da suka mutu a cikin Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan yaƙin an cire gawarsu daga Gidan binnewar Afirka sannan aka sake binne su a Kabari na Kasa na Richmond. An binne mafi yawan sojoji a arewa, da kuma gabashin asibitin City (don kyanda). An kuma yi jana'izar a kusa da gidan talakawa. An ruwaito cewa an cire sojoji 428 daga asibitin City, kuma 128 daga kusa da gidan talakawa.[undefined][2][3] Ginin Asibitin City ya zama Colored Almshouse, wanda ya buɗe ƙofofinsa a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1868. [1] Asibitin City an haɗa shi a kan 1842 Bates Map, kuma ana iya gina shi game da wannan lokacin. An samo shi kai tsaye a gabashin Kabarin Shockoe Hill. Majalisar Birnin ta kara da filayen ta a Gidan binnewar Afirka a cikin 1850. Shirin 1816 na dukiyar birni ya nuna cewa an riga an yi amfani da filin arewacin asibitin don binne matalauta waɗanda suka mutu a gidan talauci, baki da fari. Wannan ɓangaren farko na wurin binnewa ya faɗaɗa a yau N 4th St.￼

### Rashin amincewa da barazanar
Yankin binnewa ya sha wahala da yawa. A cikin shekarun da yake aiki, ya kasance babban burin satar jiki ta kwalejojin likita, musamman Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Virginia da Jami'ar Virginia.   Ya sha wahala daga fashewar mujallar gunpowder a ranar 3 ga Afrilu, 1865, da kuma gina sabbin mujallu biyu a 1867. A matsayin makabartar, birni ya watsar da shi kuma ya shafe shi daga wuri mai faɗi. An cire dukkan alamun kabarinta. An sanya shi ba za a iya gane shi ba, an cire shi daga taswira, kuma kusan an manta da shi gaba ɗaya. An raba filayensa, an sayar da mafi yawansu kuma an ba da kyauta ga sababbin masu mallakar. Bugu da kari, tana da hanyoyi, hanyar jirgin kasa, kuma babbar hanyar da ke ratsa ta. Tsohon tashar gas ta Sunoco tana zaune a kan wani ɓangare na asalin kadada 2, tare da allon talla; yayin da wasu sassan suna ƙarƙashin Interstate 64, 4th St., 5th St., 7th St. Hospital St. da kuma hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa. Hanyoyi uku da ke gabatowa ga wurin binnewa sune DC2RVA fasinja rail (high-speed rail), gabas-yamma Commonwealth Corridor, da kuma gabatarwar fadada I-64 .   Kwanan nan da aka sani ya bayyana cewa shigar da igiyoyin karkashin kasa ne waɗanda aka gudanar ta hanyar binnewa a yankin Asibitin St. da 7th St. a farkon 2022. Shirye-shiryen da aka gabatar a cikin 2024 don ƙarin aikin ababen more rayuwa a tsakiya na N 7th St., da Asibitin St. ta gari, idan an aiwatar da shi kamar yadda aka tsara zai kuma cutar da wurin binnewa.

## Manazarta