Janet Watson

Janet Vida Watson Royal Society">FRS FGS (1923-1985) masanin ilimin ƙasa ne na Burtaniya. Ta kasance farfesa a fannin ilimin ƙasa a Kwalejin Imperial, mai ba da rahoto ga Shirin Hadin Gida na Duniya (IGCP) (1977-1982)  kuma mataimakiyar shugaban Royal Society (1983-1984).  A shekara ta 1982 an zabe ta shugabar kungiyar Geological Society of London, mace ta farko da ta rike wannan mukamin. An san ta sosai saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga fahimtar abubuwan da suka faru na Lewisian kuma a matsayin marubuciya da kuma co- marubuciya na littattafai da yawa ciki har da *Farawar Geology* da *Gabatarwa ga Geology* . 

## Rayuwa ta mutum
An haife ta ne a ranar 1 ga Satumba 1923 a Hampstead, London . Mahaifinta;David M. S. Watson FRS masanin ilimin dabbobi ne kuma farfesa ne a fannin ilimin dabbobi da kuma kwatankwacin jikin mutum a Jami'ar London. Mahaifiyarta; Katharine M. Parker, ta yi bincike a cikin ilimin embryology kafin aure. Janet Watson ta girma tare da 'yar'uwarta, Katharine Mary a Kudancin Hampstead inda ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Kudancinhampstead, wacce aka sani da ƙwarewa a koyar da kimiyya. Daga nan sai ta ci gaba da halartar Jami'ar Karatu a 1943 don koyo game da Kimiyya ta Janar. Watson ta kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a fannin ilmin halitta da ilimin ƙasa a 1943. Bayan shawarwari mai gamsarwa daga Farfesa H.L Hawkins da kuma digiri na farko na Janar Honours, Watson ya halarci Kwalejin Imperial. Ta kammala karatu a shekara ta 1947 tare da girmamawa na farko a fannin ilimin ƙasa . Watson ta auri John Sutton a shekara ta 1949 kuma suna da haɗin gwiwar kwararru a duk rayuwarsu. Suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu wadanda dukansu biyu suka mutu a lokacin haihuwa. Watson ya mutu a ranar 29 ga Maris 1985, yana da shekaru 61.

## Ayyuka
Bayan kammala karatunta a 1943, Watson ta fara aiki a Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa a Dairying . Ta lura da ci gaban kaza da abincin su. Ta gaji da aikinta kuma ta ci gaba da koyar da ilmin halitta a Makarantar Wentworth, Bournemouth kafin ta yanke shawarar zama masanin ilimin ƙasa a ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na II .  Ta nemi Kwalejin Imperial a 1945, ta kammala B.Sc. a cikin ilimin ƙasa a cikin 1947, sake samun digiri na farko. Kafin kammala karatunsa, an karfafa sha'awar Janet a fannin ilimin ƙasa bayan ta yi aiki a kan aikin taswirar a cikin Highlands na Scotland a 1946. Watson ta shiga karatun PhD a 1947 kuma ta fara karatun Lewisian Complex a arewacin Scotland. Bayan kammala karatunta na biyu, shugaban sashen na lokacin, Herbert Harold Read, ya dauke ta a matsayin ɗalibinsa kuma ya sa ta yi aiki a kan Migrmatites na Sutherland. Daga nan sai ta fara aiki a kan Lewisian complex na arewa maso yammacin Scotland tare da John Sutton, wani daga cikin daliban binciken Read. Su biyun sun kammala karatun Ph.D. a cikin 1949 sannan kuma bikin aure da hutun amarya a cikin Channel Islands, wanda ya bayyana wani littafi na hadin gwiwa game da ilimin ƙasa na Sark 'yan shekaru daga baya.

A shekara ta 1952, Janet ta yi aiki a karkashin H.H. Read a matsayin mataimakiyar bincike, har zuwa 1973 lokacin da ta zama babban malami. Sun ci gaba da aiki tare a kan wasu fannoni na ilimin ƙasa na Precambrian na Scotland, gami da Moine, Dalradian da Torridonian. John Sutton ya zama shugaban sashen a Kwalejin Imperial a 1964 kuma daga wannan lokacin ne wallafe-wallafen haɗin gwiwar su suka zama marasa yawa. Watson ta wallafa wani littafi na gabatarwa Fara ilimin ƙasa tare da tsohon mai kula da Ph.D. H. Karanta a 1966, sannan *Gabatarwa ga Geology: Volume 1 Ka'idoji* a 1968 da Gabatarwa zuwa ilimin ƙasa Volume2 Tarihin Duniya: Sashe na 1 Mataki na Farko na Tarihin Duniya da Sashe na 2 Daga baya Mataki na Tarihin Kasa a 1975.

A cikin shekarun 1960, Janet da ƙungiyar bincikenta sun haɗa kai da masu binciken ƙasa daga Highlands Unit na Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Geological (IGS) don nazarin Outer Hebrides a Scotland. Daga baya, sun buga taswirar yankin a 1982 da kuma tarihin a 1994.

A cikin 1965 isotopic dating ya ci gaba zuwa aikace-aikace ga masu ilimin ƙasa. Wannan fasahar ta taimaka wa binciken Janet a cikin Caledonian Belt, yana nuna duwatsu masu metamorphic, Migrmatites, da granites shekaru daga 750 zuwa 360 miliyan. Wani saiti na binciken a kudu maso yammacin Ingila ya nuna duwatsu masu tasowa daga shekaru 400 zuwa 350, granites na Hercynian 300 zuwa shekaru miliyan 250, granites masu tasowa da duwatsu masu alaƙa shekaru 65 zuwa 50.

Daga tsakiyar shekarun 1970s Jane ta yi aiki tare da IGS don nazarin juyin halitta na Scotland da tasirin da aikin diagenesis da hydrothermal ke da shi a yankin.

A shekara ta 1975, an nada Watson a matsayin farfesa na bincike na ilimin ƙasa.[1] Ta ci gaba da aiki a kan matsalolin Precambrian a Scotland amma kuma an buga ta a kan asalin ma'adinai da geochemistry na yanki.[2] Daga 1977, Jane ta sake aiki tare da IGS don nazarin tsarin juyin halitta na arewacin Scotland da tasirinsa akan rarraba uranium a duk yankin. Daga wannan binciken, sun haɓaka "samfurin ruwa" wanda shine dabara da aka yi amfani da ita don nazarin matsalolin geochemical.[3] Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Geological Society daga 1982 zuwa 1984, mace ta farko da ta rike wannan mukamin.[4] A lokacin da take cikin wannan rawar, Geological Society ta sami ƙarin tallafi don Palaeographic Atlas . [5] Watson ta ci gaba da aiki a cikin sana'arta a lokacin da ta yi ritaya, duk da rashin lafiya, har zuwa mutuwarta a shekarar 1985.[6]

A cikin aikinta, Janet ta ci gaba da bincikenta a wasu yankuna na duniya, gami da: Greenland, Channel Islands, Italiya da Tanganyika .  Daga wannan aikin ta kuma buga kusan takardun bincike 65.

## Kyaututtuka

* Asusun Lyell - wanda aka bayar tare da John Sutton 1954 
* Bigsby Medal - wanda aka bayar tare da John Sutton 1965 
* Lyell Medal - wanda aka ba shi 1973 
* Clough Medal - wanda aka ba shi 1979  
* Fellow na Royal Society - an zabe shi a 1979, memba na majalisa kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa har zuwa mutuwarta 

## Manazarta