Yarjejeniya kan Haƙƙin masu lalura ta musamman

Yarjejeniyar kan haƙƙin masu lalura ta musamman yarjejeniya ce ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya don kare haƙƙoƙin lalura ta musamman da mutuncin lalura ta musamman . Ana buƙatar ɓangarorin taron don basu, kariya, da tabbatar da cikakken jin daɗin yancin ɗan adam ta lalura ta musamman da tabbatar da cewa sun samun cikakkiyar daidaito a ƙarƙashin doka . Yarjejeniyar tana aiki ne a matsayin babban mai kara kuzari a cikin yunkurin haƙƙin su na duniya wanda ke ba da damar sauyi daga kallon lalura ta musamman a matsayin abubuwan sadaka, jiyya da kariyar zamantakewa don kallon su a matsayin cikakke kuma daidaitattun membobin al'umma, tare da 'yancin ɗan adam.  Yarjejeniyar ita ce yarjejeniyar haƙƙin ɗan adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta farko a ƙarni na ashirin da ɗaya. 

Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da wannan rubutu a ranar 13 ga Disamba 2006,  kuma an bude shi don sanya hannu a ranar 30 ga Maris 2007. Bayan amincewa da jam'iyya ta 20, ta fara aiki a ranar 3 ga Mayu 2008.  Ya zuwa Oktoba 2023, tana da masu rattaba hannu 164 da jam’iyyu 188, jihohi 187 da Tarayyar Turai (wanda ya amince da shi a ranar 23 ga Disamba 2010).  Kwamitin kare hakkin nakasassu ne ke kula da taron wanda taron shekara-shekara na Jam'iyyun Jihohi ga CRPD suka tsara jagororin tun 2008. Taron Jam'iyyun Jihohi na goma sha uku an shirya yin taro a New York a watan Yuni 2020, sannan aka sake tsara shi don ganawa a watan Disamba 2020  saboda rikicin COVID-19 . 
## Tarihi
Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙin lalura ta musamman, kamar sauran yarjejeniyoyin haƙƙin ɗan adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, (kamar Yarjejeniya ta Duniya kan Haƙƙin Bil Adama da Siyasa da Yarjejeniyar kawar da duk wani nau'i na nuna wariya ga mata ) ya samo asali ne daga shekaru da yawa na ayyuka a lokacin. Waɗanne ƙa'idodin haƙƙoƙin rukuni suka haɓaka daga buri zuwa yarjejeniyoyin ɗaure.

Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da sanarwar 1971 game da haƙƙin masu raunin tunani. sannan kuma sanarwar Haƙƙin masu lalura ta musamman a ranar 9 ga Disamba 1975. 1981 ita ce Shekarar Nakasassu ta Duniya ; Sakamakon shekara shine Shirin Duniya na Ayyuka Game da Nakasassu. Shekarar ta biyo bayan Shekaru Goma namasu lalura ta musamman, 1983–1992. A shekara ta 1987, wani taron ƙwararru na duniya don duba ci gaban da aka samu ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata babban taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ya shirya taron kasa da kasa kan kawar da wariya ga nakasassu. Italiya da Sweden sun gabatar da sharuɗɗan daftarin yarjejeniya, amma ba a cimma matsaya ba. Yawancin wakilan gwamnati sun yi iƙirarin cewa takardun haƙƙin ɗan adam da ake da su sun wadatar. An ayyana Ranar masu lalura ta musamman ta Duniya (3 Disamba) a cikin 1992 Babban Taro na 47/3.  Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta amince da ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin da ba na wajibi ba kan daidaita damammaki ga nakasassu a ranar 20 ga Disamba 1993 (shafi na 48/96).  Yawancin manazarta sun bayyana takaddun kafin CRPD a matsayin "laushi," sabanin wajibcin yarjejeniyar "wuya" na CRPD. 

## Babban Tanadi
Duk da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta ba da izinin "tatsuniyoyi na hukuma" na babu "sabbin haƙƙoƙi,"  tanade-tanaden CRPD suna magana game da haƙƙin ɗan adam iri-iri, tare da ƙara wajibcin jiha wanda jihohi ke ba da tallafi don tabbatar da haƙƙoƙi ana iya aiwatar da su.  Marubuta daban-daban sun haɗa su a rukuni daban-daban; Wannan shigarwa zai bayyana kayan yau da kayan masarufi, sannan ka bayyana rukuni guda uku da muhimmanci sosai ga mahimman maharan ɗan adam .

Tare da ƙaruwa akai-akai, masu sa ido sun yi sharhi game da haɗuwa da haɗin kai na nau'ikan haƙƙoƙi. A cikin 1993, sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin Bil'adama ta Vienna ta ba da a cikin sashi na 5 cewa tun da 'yancin ɗan adam "na duniya ne, ba za a iya raba su ba kuma masu dogaro da juna kuma suna da alaƙa". Jihohi suna da alhakin "ingantawa da kare duk haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam da 'yancin ɗan adam."  Gerard Quinn yayi sharhi musamman game da gaskiyar cewa CRPD "ta haɗu da haƙƙin farar hula da na siyasa tare da haƙƙin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu."  Wannan ya bayyana musamman a cikin CRPD inda 'yancin siyasa ba su da ma'ana ba tare da goyon bayan zamantakewa da tattalin arziki ga haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa ba su da ma'ana ba tare da shiga ba.

## manazarta