Lafiya a Armenia

Bayan raguwa  sosai  na cikin shekarun da suka gabata, yawan haihuwa a Armenia ya karu dan kadan daga 13.0 (kowane mutane 1000) a cikin shekara ta 1998 zuwa 14.2 a cikin 2015;  wannan lokacin kuma ya nuna irin wannan yanayin a cikin yawan mutuwar, wanda ya karu daga 8.6 zuwa 9.3.  Rayuwar rayuwa a lokacin haihuwa a shekaru 74.8 ita ce ta 4th mafi girma a cikin jihohin Post-Soviet a shekarar 2014.

*The Human Rights Measurement Initiative*  ya gano cewa Armenia tana cika kashi 74.6% na abin da ya kamata ta cika don haƙƙin kiwon lafiya bisa ga matakin samun kudin shiga.  Lokacin kallon haƙƙin kiwon lafiya game da yara, Armenia ta sami kashi 97.5% na abin da ake tsammani bisa ga kuɗin shiga na yanzu. Game da haƙƙin kiwon lafiya tsakanin manya, ƙasar ta kai kashi 91.3% na abin da ake tsammani bisa ga matakin samun kudin shiga na ƙasar. Armenia ta fada cikin rukunin "mummunan" yayin kimanta haƙƙin kiwon lafiya na haihuwa saboda al'ummar tana cika kashi 35.1% kawai na abin da ake sa ran al'ummar za ta cimma bisa ga albarkatun (kudin shiga) da take da su.

## Tsarin kiwon lafiya da kudade
A lokacin samun 'yancin kai a cikin 1991, ba a gano alamun al'adun kiwon lafiya kafin Tarayyar Soviet ba.  Tsarin kiwon lafiya na Soviet ya kasance mai mahimmanci.  An ba wa daukacin jama'a garantin taimakon jinya kyauta ba tare da la'akari da matsayin jama'a ba, kuma suna da damar samun cikakkiyar zaɓi na zaɓin kulawa na sakandare da na sakandare.  Bayan 'yancin kai, Armeniya ba ta da ikon ci gaba da ba ta kudade.  Bayan shirin garambawul, dukkan asibitoci da asibitoci, cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na karkara (ciki har da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na kauyuka), da wuraren kiwon lafiya na tsarin da suka gabata sun ci gaba da aiki.  Asibitoci wadanda a da suke da alhakin kula da kananan hukumomi (kuma daga karshe ga Ma'aikatar Lafiya) yanzu sun kasance masu cin gashin kansu kuma suna da alhakin kula da nasu kasafin kudi da gudanarwa..

An kafa Kayan Amfanin asali a cikin 1999. Wannan ya samar da takamaiman sabis na kiwon lafiya kyauta, gami da magunguna, ga ɓangarorin da ke cikin rauni na yawan jama'a, gami na yara, tsofaffi da nakasassu, matalauta da ma'aikatan soja da suka ji rauni. Tun daga shekara ta 2006, ayyukan kiwon lafiya na farko sun kasance kyauta.

A shekara ta 2009, an kashe fiye da rabin kasafin kudin kiwon lafiya na kasa a asibitoci. A matakin al'umma, tsarin ya raunana kuma a yankunan karkara sau da yawa ba su wanzu ba.

Babban ci gaba na ayyukan kiwon lafiya a Armenia ya faru ne a cikin karni na 21, mafi sauƙin samun dama ga ayyukan kiwon lafiyar jiki da shirin Open Enrollment wanda ke bawa Armeniyawa damar zaɓar mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya kyauta.

Kudin kiwon lafiya, a matsayin kashi na kudaden gwamnati sun kasance na 4th mafi ƙasƙanci ga wannan rukuni a cikin 2008-14, amma sun doke takwarorinsu a Kudancin Caucasus. Kudin kiwon lafiya a cikin kowane mutum (a PPP a koyaushe 2005 USD) sun kasance kusan na dindindin na 5th-mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin rukunin da ke sama a cikin shekarun 1999-2014.  Kudin kiwon lafiya na waje sun kasance na 4th mafi girma a cikin wannan rukuni a cikin shekaru 2003-06 da 2010-14.  A cikin 2014, kashi 4.3% na kudaden kiwon lafiya sun fito ne daga tushe a wajen Armenia.

A cikin 2015, kudaden kiwon lafiya na yanzu a matsayin kashi na GDP ya kai 10.1%, yayin da aka biya 81.6% na duk kudaden kiwo daga aljihu, duka dabi'un biyu suna da yawa tun lokacin da bayanai suka kasance a cikin shekara ta 2000.

'Citizensan ƙasar Armeniya waɗanda ke da haƙƙin fakitin fa'idodi na asali suna samun cikakken ɗaukar hoto ba tare da buƙatar biyan kuɗi ko sabis na tallafi tare da jihar ta biya wani ɓangare na kuɗin amma ɗan ƙasa yana da hakkin ya biya sauran.  Yawancin ayyukan kiwon lafiya cikakke ne masu zaman kansu, tare da ɗan ƙasa cikakken alhakin biyan kuɗi.  A cikin 2019, an ba da kiwon lafiya kyauta ga duk 'yan ƙasa da ke ƙasa da shekaru 18. Yawan mutanen da ke karɓar kiwon lafiya kyauta ko tallafi a ƙarƙashin Kunshin Amfanin Basic An kuma ƙara, da kuma adadin ayyukan da ake bayarwa a cikin shirin..

A cikin 2023, gwamnatin Armenia ta amince da wani shiri na gabatar da kula da lafiya na duniya a hankali. A karkashin shirin, za a fadada lafiyar jiki a matakai har sai an sami inshora ga dukan jama'a a cikin 2027.

## Cin hanci da rashawa a cikin tsarin kiwon lafiya
Tun bayan samun ’yancin kai, tsarin kiwon lafiyar ƙasar Armeniya ya fuskanci suka saboda cin hanci da rashawa da ya yaɗu tsakanin likitoci da sauran ma’aikatan asibiti.  Saboda raguwar kudaden jama’a bayan durkushewar tattalin arziki na shekarun 1990, an tilastawa ma’aikata da dama karbar cin hanci da rashawa da cin gajiyar matsayinsu a wuraren aikinsu domin su samu rayuwa.  Wannan matsala har yanzu tana ci gaba da wanzuwa har zuwa yau kuma tana daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke damun wadanda aka zaba..

## Takamaiman cututtuka

### Cutar tarin fuka
Cutar tarin fuka (TB) ta kasance damuwa a Armenia, duk da yawan cutar tarin fuka na 25 a cikin 100,000, wanda ke ƙasa da ƙofar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) don "kasashe masu mahimmanci". A cikin 2023, WHO ta gano Armenia, tare da wasu ƙasashe na WHO a cikin Caucasus, a matsayin yankin da ke da fifiko ga tarin fuka, kodayake ba ta da mafi girman adadin abubuwan da suka faru idan aka kwatanta da wasu ƙasashen Asiya ta Tsakiya. Bayan raguwar cutar tarin fuka a duniya daga 2010-2020, cutar tana dawowa a hankali tun bayan annobar COVID-19. Rahoton WHO na Maris 2025 ya nuna kalubalen da kasashe ke fuskanta saboda rage taimakon kasashen waje na Amurka don kula da tarin fuka, wanda zai iya hana kokarin hana cutar da kuma sarrafa cututtukan da ke da wuya a warkar da su.

### HIV
 
Certified by the World Health Organization (WHO), Armenia was the first in the European region and as of October 2017 is one of 10 countries worldwide (seven of which are islands) which proved to have eliminated mother-to-child HIV transmission.

A cikin 2010, an kiyasta yaduwar cutar kanjamau a 0.2% tsakanin manya masu shekaru 15 zuwa 49.

### Cutar shan inna
Babu wani rikodin shari'o'in cutar shan inna tun lokacin da bayanai suka kasance a cikin shekara ta 2002.

### Malaria
Babu sabbin shari'o'in zazzabin cizon sauro tun daga shekara ta 2006.

## Mutuwa

### Jarirai
Dangane da bayanan WHO, Yawan mutuwar jarirai kusan ya ragu daga 2002 zuwa 2015. Ya sauka zuwa 11.3 (0.1%) a cikin 2017, mafi ƙasƙanci tun lokacin da aka fara rikodin WHO a cikin 1990.

### Yara masu shekaru 5 zuwa 14
Yawan mace-mace ga yara masu shekaru 5 zuwa 14 ya kasance daga 0.18% zuwa 0.21% a cikin shekarun 1997-2017. 

### Manya
An kiyasta yiwuwar mutuwa yana da shekaru 15-60 a 11.6% a cikin shekara ta 2016, kusan ba a canza shi ba tun shekara ta 2000.

## Rashin abinci mai gina jiki da kiba
Dangane da binciken 2015-16,  9% na yara a Armenia suna da raguwa kuma daga cikin waɗanda, 4% suna da raguwar gaske, yayin da a cikin 2005-10, 18-19% na yara sun kasance da raguwa. Binciken ya kuma gano cewa kashi 4% na yara na Armeniya sun lalacewa (ƙananan nauyi don tsawo) kuma kashi 2% sun lalace sosai. Binciken ya kuma gano cewa yara na Armeniya sun fi kiba fiye da yadda aka rage saboda rashin abinci. 14% na yara a karkashin shekaru biyar suna da kiba.

Rashin abinci mai gina jiki a 6.3% a cikin 2014 na yawan jama'a ya kasance kusan ba a canza shi ba tun 2007. 

A cikin 2017, yawan kiba a Armenia ya kasance 19.5%, wanda ya fi ƙasa da duk ƙasashen yanki da kusan dukkanin ƙasashen Turai.

## Shan taba
 
Majalisar dokokin Armenia ta zartar da dokar hana shan sigari a watan Fabrairun 2020. Ya haramta shan sigari yayin tuki motoci ko bas kuma ya sanya haramtacciyar tallace-tallace na taba. Hana shan sigari a cikin gidajen cin abinci, gidajen cin abincin jama'a za su fara aiki a watan Maris na shekara ta 2022. Hana shan sigari a cikin rabin wuraren da aka rufe na wuraren abinci na jama'a zai fara aiki a watan Mayu 2024. Hana shan sigari a otal-otal ya fara aiki a watan Mayu 2020. 

A halin yanzu, wiwi a Armenia a halin yanzu ba bisa ka'ida ba ne ga duk amfani.

## Dubi kuma

* Asusun Yara na Armenia
* Ilimi a Armenia
* Ma'aikatar Lafiya (Armenia) 
* Batutuwan zamantakewa a Armenia
* Shirin Abinci na Duniya
* Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya