Yvonne Chollet

**Yvonne Chollet** (1 Maris 1897 - 23 Fabrairu 1945) malama ce a Vendôme, Faransa, wacce ta sa ido kan motsi na kayan aikin Jamus a madadin Faransanci kuma ta ba da rahoton bincikenta ga sojojin Allied a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu . Gestapo ta kama ta a watan Mayu na shekara ta 1943, an daure ta a Blois, Orléans, Romainville, da Compiègne kafin a kore ta zuwa sansanin Nazi kusa da ƙauyen Ravensbrück (wani ɓangare na Fürstenberg / Havel) a arewacin Jamus, inda ta mutu a shekara mai zuwa.

An sanya lambar fursuna "27095" a farkon ɗaurin kurkuku a sansanin fursuna na Ravensbrück, an rubuta mutuwarta a can a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu 1945.

## Shekaru na farko
An haife ta a ranar 1 ga Maris 1897 a La Perusa, Charente, Faransa,  Yvonne Chollet 'yar Marius Gay ce, malami a makarantun jama'a na Faransa, da Léonie Léonard, shugaban kafa sashen 10 na Human Rights League a Paris. Iyayenta sun rabu.

Ta yi karatu a makarantun al'ummarta, ta sadu kuma ta ƙaunaci wani saurayi mai suna Chollet . A ranar Alhamis a watan Yunin 1915 a Blois, Faransa, ya nemi ta ta aure shi. Tana da shekaru 18 kawai. Amma yakin duniya na katse shirye-shiryen su na rayuwa mai farin ciki.

An kira ta aikin soja a 1917, sabon saurayinta ya kammala horo na asali Alençon sannan kuma a Romilly. Sergeant-Chef Chollet (first-sergeant Chollet) an tura shi zuwa Tekun Baƙi, sannan aka sanya shi a cikin rundunar sojan ƙasa da aka sanya shi aiki a Lebanon. Kodayake an ayyana Armistice a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 1918, ya ci gaba da aiki a Lebanon har sai an dakatar da ƙungiyarsa a shekarar 1920.

Yvonne Gay daga nan ta auri tsohon sajan-shugaban, ta zama Yvonne Chollet a ranar 5 ga watan Agusta 1920. A wannan lokacin, ta kuma sami labari cewa an ba ta matsayin malamai a makarantar sakandaren 'yan mata ta Faransa a Beirut, Lebanon. A watan Nuwamba 1920, ta koma Beirut, inda mijinta ya sami damar samun matsayin malami tare da makarantar sakandaren yara maza ta Faransa a Beirut . 

A cikin 1924, Chollets sun koma gida zuwa Faransa bayan sun yarda da matsayi na koyarwa a makarantun Place St Denis a Vendôme .  Yvonne Chollet an ruwaito ta yi amfani da "muryarta mai kyau" (muryar waka mai kyau) don yin wahayi ga ƙaunar kiɗa tsakanin ɗalibanta a duk lokacin da take koyarwa, a cewar La Nouvelle République . 

## Yaƙin Duniya na II

Yvonne Chollet ta zama mai aiki a siyasa a farkon zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1930 yayin da fascism ya fara tasowa a duk faɗin Turai. Ba tare da gaya wa iyalinta ba, ta shiga ƙungiyar adawa ta Faransa a 1936. Ɗanta, Jean, har yanzu dalibi ne a makarantar sakandare ta Ronsard, kuma har yanzu tana aiki a matsayin malama a Saint-Denis, inda ta ba da umarni ga ɗaliban CM1 da CM2.  

Yayin da aikinta na juriya ya karu, haka kuma binciken da aikin ya samu. A shekara ta 1943, labarin ayyukanta ya ja hankalin masu goyon bayan Nazi a cikin al'ummarta da kuma cikin gwamnati a Orléans. "Mrs. R," ta yi tir da shi a fili a cewar masanin tarihi Bernard Lefresne,  Yvonne Chollet an kama ta jim kadan bayan haka ta Orléans Gestapo - a gaban ajin ta a Saint-Denis a ranar 6 ga Mayu a wannan shekarar.  An tuhume ta da yada farfaganda na adawa da Jamus da kuma yin ayyukan ɓoye, an ɗaure ta a Blois a wannan rana, kuma daga baya aka tura ta kurkuku a Orléans da Romainville kafin a sake tura ta sansanin fursunoni a Compiègne .  Yayinda take can, ta jagoranci ƙungiyar mawaƙa wacce ta ɗaga ruhun 'yan fursunoni, a cewar La Nouvelle République .  

An kore ta daga Faransa a ranar 30 ga Janairun 1944, an kai ta sansanin Ravensbrück a Jamus. Daga cikin barikin 18 a sansanin a lokacin isowarta, 12 sun yi aiki a matsayin gidajen fursunoni, kuma kowannensu yana da gadoji na katako guda uku, gidan wanka da bayan gida. An tura fursunonin da aka yanke musu hukuncin kisa a lokacin da aka tsare su daga gidajensu zuwa wani gini na azabtarwa; wadanda suka yi rashin lafiya an tura su daya daga cikin bariki biyu na marasa lafiya, wani abu da ya faru akai-akai yayin da aka yanke abinci kuma masu gudanar da sansanin sun sanya mata da yawa zuwa gidajen fursunoni da suka riga sun cika kuma ba su da tsabta.

A cewar ɗanta, Jean Chollet, jami'an Nazi sun yanke mata hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku a can saboda ƙarfafa ɗalibanta na jama'a su rubuta game da rashin gaskiya na Adolf Hitler, da kuma aikin sa ido na dare, bayan dokar hana fita, a madadin Faransanci, a lokacin da ta ba da rahoton ga hukumomin Allied yawan da nau'in kayan aikin Jamus da ake motsawa ta jiragen ƙasa na yankin. Lambar fursuna da aka ba ta a Ravensbrück ita ce "27095".

## Mutuwa

Duk da mummunan yanayi a Ravensbrück, Yvonne Chollet ta ci gaba da amfani da basirarta ta kiɗa don karfafa 'yan uwanta fursunoni. A ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1945 an ruwaito cewa ta raira waƙar Mehul's Le Chant du Départ ("Song of the Departure"). Ta mutu a Ravensbrück washegari.

Ɗanta, Jean Chollet, wanda daga baya ya ci gaba da aiki na shekaru goma a matsayin shugaban L'Association des Amis de la Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Déportation (Kungiyar Abokai ta Gidauniyar don Tunawa da Deportation), yana taimakawa wajen tabbatar da cewa ba za a taɓa mantawa da yakin da mahaifiyarsa da sauran mambobin Resistance na Faransa ba. Ya mutu a watan Janairun 2015.

Amma ga matar da ta sa ƙafafun motsawa don korar Yvonne's Chollet zuwa ga mutuwar ƙarshe a Ravensbruck, an gabatar da "Mrs. R." a gaban shari'a saboda rawar da ta taka wajen zargin Yvonne Chollet, wanda Lefresne ya bayyana a matsayin malami wanda ya zama "mace mai shahara sosai" a cikin al'ummarta. Amma, kodayake an yanke wa Mrs. R. hukunci kuma an yanke mata hukuncin shekaru 20 na aiki na tilas, an sauya hukuncin ta zuwa daya daga cikin "keɓewa" shekaru da yawa bayan haka yayin da fushin jama'a ya ragu ga waɗanda aka lakafta su a matsayin masu haɗin gwiwa.[s]

## Daraja
Yvonne Chollet an girmama ta da kyaututtuka da yawa saboda jaruntakarta da wahala a matsayin memba na Resistance na Faransa kuma wanda aka azabtar da tsarin sansanin Nazi. Mafi nauyi daga cikin wadannan sun hada da:

* Medal na soja
* Gicciye na Yaƙi 1939-1945, da
* Medal na Resistance

Je résiste, tu résistes, elle existe ("Na yi tsayayya, ka yi tsayayyar, ya wanzu"), wani ɗan gajeren fim mai cin nasara, na minti 35 game da rayuwar Yvonne Chollet wanda ɗaliban Lycée Ampère (Ampère high school) a Loir-et-Cher suka yi, Ofishin Yawon Bude Ido na Vendôme ya watsa shi a cikin 2017 a matsayin wani ɓangare na tunawa da shekara-shekara na Ranar Tsayayya ta Faransa.

"Ta kasance mace mai kyau, Occupation ya sanya ta mace ta musamman, "in ji masanin tarihi Jean-Claude Pasquier yayin tattauna Yvonne Chollet a lokacin gabatarwarsa ta Nuwamba 2013 game da tarihin makarantar Yvonne Chaollet da tsarin makarantar Saint-Denis ta Vendôme. Wani tambari da aka sanya a makarantar wanda ke ɗauke da sunanta kuma yana girmama jaruntakarta kamar yadda wani ɗan littafin daga Ofishin Yawon Bude Ido na Vendôme ya yi, wanda ke bawa baƙi damar koyo game da rayuwar maza da mata da ke cikin Faransanci Resistance. Littafin ya bayyana ta a matsayin "[d']a force de caractère exemplaire, toujours égale à elle-même" ("[a]n misali karfi na hali, koyaushe daidai da kanta").[1][2]

## Manazarta