open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Brian Swift (mai wasan cricket)

**Brian Tennant Swift** (9 ga Satumba 1937 — 8 ga Maris 1958) ɗan wasan kurket ne na Australiya.

Shi kaɗai ne ɗa ga Sir Brian Herbert Swift, ƙwararren likitan mata da kuma likitan mata, an haife shi a Adelaide a watan Satumba na 1937. Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin St Peter da ke Adelaide,  kafin ya bi sawun mahaifinsa don yin karatu a Ingila a Jami'ar Cambridge, inda ya yi karatun digiri don yin karatun kimiyyar noma a Kwalejin Caius. 

A lokacin da yake karatu a Cambridge, Swift ya buga wasan kurket na aji na farko a Cambridge University Cricket Club a shekarar 1957, inda ya buga wasanni goma sha bakwai a matsayin mai tsaron gida.[1] Ya kama kwallaye 37 kuma ya yi stumpings 10 a matsayin mai tsaron gida, ban da zura kwallaye 160 tare da mafi girman maki 25.[2] Wisden ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mai tsaron gida mai matukar kwarin gwiwa", wanda kuma ya lura cewa dawowarsa a matsayin mai tsaron gida "shine mafi kyau ga Cambridge tsawon shekaru da yawa". [3] Swift ya mutu a hatsarin mota a ranar 8 ga Maris 1958 a Higham kusa da Bury St Edmunds, lokacin da motarsa ta yi karo da wata babbar mota.[4] Bayan rasuwarsa, kyaftin din Cambridge Ted Dexter ya maye gurbin Swift a bangaren Cambridge da mai tsaron gida Christopher Howland a kakar wasa ta 1958.

## Manazarta
Dylan Stephens

**Dylan Stephens** (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Janairu 2001) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Ostiraliya wanda ke bugawa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta North Melbourne a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ostiraliya (AFL). Da farko Sydney Swans ta ɗauke shi aiki tare da zaɓe na biyar a gasar AFL ta 2019.

## Kwallon kafa na farko
Stephens ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta matasa a ƙungiyarsa ta Red Cliffs Football Club.  Ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Red Cliffs sannan ya halarci Kwalejin Sakandare ta Red Cliffs. Daga baya ya halarci kuma ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa a Kwalejin St Peter da ke Adelaide, yayin da yake kan tallafin karatu a ƙwallon ƙafa. Stephens ya buga wa Norwood wasa a SANFL a kakar wasa ta 2019, inda ya buga wasanni 13 kuma ya zura kwallaye shida.   Stephens ya kuma wakilci Kudancin Ostiraliya a Gasar Cin Kofin 'Yan Ƙasa da Shekaru 18 ta AFL, inda ya ƙare ya lashe kyautar Ɗan Wasa Mafi Daraja a Ƙungiyar 'Yan Ƙasa da Shekaru 18 ta Kudancin Ostiraliya, da kuma zaɓe a ƙungiyar 'Yan Ƙasa da Shekaru 18 ta All-Australian. 

## Aikin AFL
Stephens ya fara buga wasa a wasan da Swans ta sha kashi a hannun Richmond Tigers a zagaye na 6 na kakar wasa ta AFL ta 2020, tare da abokin wasansa Chad Warner.   A wasan farko da Stephens ya buga, ya tattara kwallaye 11, maki 5 da kuma tackles 4, sannan ya zura kwallo a raga.

Stephens ya kasance yana shiga da fita daga Swans har zuwa 2021 da kuma rabin farko na 2022, kafin a ci gaba da samun wasanni akai-akai har zuwa 2022, ciki har da kasancewa cikin tawagar da za ta fafata a gasar cin kofin AFL ta 2022. 

An tsawaita kwangilar da aka sanya wa hannu a shekarar 2021, Stephens ya ci gaba da zama a Swans har zuwa karshen shekarar 2023. [undefined] Stephens ya buga wasan farko na kakar wasa ta 2023 da Gold Coast Suns, inda ya tara kwallaye 27. [2] A ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2023, an sayar da Stephens zuwa North Melbourne.[1]

## Manazarta
Shirye-shiryen Carousel

**Carousel Productions, Inc.** ita ce ƙungiyar da a halin yanzu take da kuma gudanar da gasar kyau ta Miss Earth da Miss Philippines Earth . Ana shirya tarukan shekara-shekara ne tare da haɗin gwiwar ABS-CBN Corporation . Ƙungiyar tana da hedikwata a Philippines . 

## Tarihi
Carousel Productions tana shirya gasar kyau ta Miss Earth da Miss Philippines Earth kowace shekara tun daga shekarar 2001.  Tana da hedikwata a Manila, Philippines . Shirin yana sayar da ikon mallakar ƙasa da haƙƙin talabijin na gasar a wasu ƙasashe.    Ramon Monzon ne ke jagorantar ƙungiyar a matsayin shugaba da Lorraine E. Schuck a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaba. 

A shekara ta 2004, Carousel Productions Inc. ta kafa Gidauniyar Miss Earth Foundation don yin aiki a kan matsalolin muhalli. Kamfen ɗinta ya mayar da hankali ne kan ilmantar da matasa game da wayar da kan jama'a game da muhalli .   Babban aikinta na yawon shakatawa na makaranta "Ina Son Duniya", koyarwa, rarraba taimakon ilimi ga yaran makaranta da kuma alƙawarin "Zan Warkar da Duniya", takardar shaidar tabbatar da muhalli don tunatar da kowane mutum game da alhakin muhalli. 

## Kyaututtukan Muhalli

### Kyautar Muhalli ta Loren Legarda
Carousel Productions, Inc. ta zama wacce ta lashe kyautar *Loren Legarda Environment Award* ta farko don fim ɗin *"Project Noel"*, wani fim mai fafutukar kare muhalli wanda Carousel Productions   ta shirya ta hannun Marcus Phoenix Media Productions kuma Jon Steffan Ballesteros ya ba da umarni.   Sanata Loren Legarda ce ta bayar da kyautar a lokacin bikin bayar da kyautar Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences Award (FAMAS) karo na 59 a ranar 10 ga Disamba, 2011.  

## Haɗin gwiwar UNEP
Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya kafa Zakarun Duniya a shekarar 2004 a matsayin shirin bayar da kyaututtuka na shekara-shekara don girmama fitattun shugabannin muhalli a matakin manufofi.  A shekarar 2006, Gidauniyar Miss Earth ta fara daukar nauyin taron, wanda yawanci ake gudanarwa a Singapore .   Mista Eric Falt, Daraktan Sadarwa da Watsa Labarai na UNEP, da Miss Alexandra Braun Waldeck ta Venezuela Miss Earth 2005, sun dauki nauyin liyafar cin abincin dare na Zakarun Duniya na shekarar 2006.  A shekara mai zuwa, Hil Hernández ta Chile, Miss Earth 2006 ta dauki nauyin bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Zakarun Duniya.  Jessica Trisko ta Kanada, Miss Earth 2007, ta dauki nauyin bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na shekarar 2008 a Singapore a ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 2008. 

## Manazarta
Hanyar NB

**Hanyar Sentier NB** wata hanyar sadarwa ce ta hanyoyin tafiya a New Brunswick, Kanada wadda aka gina a kan layin dogo da aka yi watsi da su.  Yawancin hanyoyin an rufe su ne ga motoci masu amfani da babura. Majalisar New Brunswick Trails Council ce ke gudanar da hanyar.  Wasu sassan hanyar suma wani bangare ne na hanyar Trans Canada .

## Manazarta
Ma'aikatar Kare namun daji (Sri Lanka)

**Ma'aikatar Kula da Namun Daji** ( Sinhala : වනජීවී සංරක්‍ෂණ දෙපාර්තමේන්තුව *Vanajivi Sanrakshana Departhamenthuwa* ) wani sashe ne na gwamnati wanda ba na ministoci ba a Sri Lanka . Ita ce ma'aikatar gwamnati da ke da alhakin kula da wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa, wuraren adana namun daji da namun daji a yankunan daji a Sri Lanka.  Ma'aikatar Kula da Daji ce ke kula da wuraren adana namun daji da yankunan daji.  Shugaban sashen shine Darakta Janar na Kula da Namun Daji, wanda aka fi sani da *Warden* . An kafa shi a watan Oktoba na 1949 tare da Kyaftin Cyril Nicholas, MC a matsayin Mai Kula da Namun Daji na farko.

## Na Kai

### Hedkwata
Babban Daraktan Kula da Namun Daji ne ke jagorantar sashen, kuma hedikwatarsa tana Battaramulla . Babban ofishin ya ƙunshi sassa da dama da suka shafi ayyuka da gudanarwa a ƙarƙashin samfoti na Daraktoci, mataimakan daraktoci da mataimakan daraktoci.

### Tura-turen fili
Kowace lardi a matsayin mataimakin darakta an ba ta ofishin da ke cikin lardin. Cibiyar Horar da Gidaje ta Giwaye tana da mataimakin darakta da ke kula da kowannensu.

Sashen yana tura jami'an tsaro da dama da kuma na mutane don kula da namun daji a wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa. Suna da ikon tilasta bin doka a ƙarƙashin Dokar Kare Fauna da Flora da Dokar Makamai ta Kashe Gobara. Suna gudanar da ofisoshin filayen noma kuma suna cin galaba a kan ofisoshi.

Daga cikin tsoffin jami'an sashen akwai Game Ranger **Liyanage John Stanley Fernando**, wanda ya yi aiki a Yala National Park a shekarun 1950. An ɗauki hotonsa a shekarar 1958 tare da ɗan damisa da aka ceto, ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin bayanan gani na gyaran namun daji da kuma rayuwa tare da ɗan adam da dabbobi a tarihin kiyayewa na Sri Lanka. Daga baya aka mayar da ɗan damisar zuwa Lambunan Dabbobin Ƙasa da ke Dehiwala, wanda hakan ke nuna haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Ma'aikatar Kula da Namun Daji da kuma Namun Dajin a fannin kula da dabbobi da kariya. An adana hoton tarihi a cikin wani rumbun adana bayanai na iyali mai zaman kansa kuma an buga shi a Wikimedia Commons. 

Maki na mai katin filin sun haɗa da;

; Mai katin filin

* Jami'in Kula da Wurin Shakatawa na Ƙasa ( Parking Guardian )
* Mai Kula da Namun Daji
* Mataimakin Namun Daji
* Masu tsaron namun daji (waɗanda kuma suke aiki a matsayin masu bin diddigin namun daji)

## Manazarta
Lancelot Stirling

**Sir John Lancelot Stirling**, KCMG , OBE (5 Nuwamba 1849 - 24 Mayu 1932), wanda aka fi sani da Sir Lancelot Stirling,  ɗan siyasa ne kuma mai ilimi a ƙasar Australiya.  Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Dokokin Kudancin Australiya daga 1881 zuwa 1887, yana wakiltar Mount Barker, da kuma 1888 zuwa 1890, yana wakiltar Gumeracha . A lokacin ya kasance memba na Majalisar Dokokin Kudancin Australiya daga 1891 zuwa 1932, yana wakiltar Gundumar Kudancin. Ya kasance Shugaban Majalisar Dokokin daga 1901 zuwa 1932 kuma ya kasance Babban Sakatare a Ma'aikatar Solomon ta kwanaki bakwai na 1899. Wa'adinsa na tsawon shekaru da dama ya kai jimillar shekaru 49 kacal na hidima. Zuwa yanzu, shi ne ɗan siyasa mafi daɗewa a tarihin Kudancin Australiya.

## Rayuwar farko

An haifi Stirling a Strathalbyn, Kudancin Ostiraliya, ɗan Edward Stirling (1804–1873) da matarsa Harriett, *wacce* aka haifa a shekara ta 1873, kuma ɗan'uwan Sir Edward Charles Stirling .  Mahaifinsa ɗan shege ne ga wani mai shuka ɗan Scotland a Jamaica kuma wata mace mai launin fata da ba a san ta ba.

Stirling ya yi karatu a Kwalejin St Peter's, Adelaide da Kwalejin Trinity, Cambridge, inda ya kammala karatun digiri na BA da LL.B [1] Stirling ɗan wasa ne mai kyau kuma, yana wakiltar Cambridge da Oxford, ya lashe tseren yadi 120. Stirling ya kuma lashe gasar zakarun Ingila a wannan gasa a shekarar 1870 da kuma a shekarar 1872, lokacin da ya yi a shekarar da ta gabata ya kasance daƙiƙa 16.8, wanda aka yi la'akari da shi a matsayin kyakkyawan wasa a wancan lokacin.

## Sana'a

Stirling ya yi karatu a matsayin ma'aikaciyar mashaya kuma an shigar da shi cikin Haikalin Cikin Gida a shekarar 1872, amma bai taɓa yin aiki ba. Stirling ya koma Kudancin Ostiraliya ba da daɗewa ba, ya zama makiyayi, kuma ya yi kiwon dawaki da tumakin merino. Ya shiga Majalisar Dokokin Kudancin Ostiraliya a shekarar 1881 don Mount Barker, wanda ya riƙe har zuwa Afrilu 1887, daga baya kuma ya wakilci Gumeracha har zuwa 1890, lokacin da ya zama memba na Majalisar Dokokin Kudancin Ostiraliya mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, yana wakiltar Gundumar Kudancin. A watan Disamba 1899, Stirling ya kasance babban sakatare a gwamnatin Solomon mai ra'ayin mazan jiya amma an kayar da wannan ma'aikatar da zarar majalisar ta haɗu. A shekarar 1901, an zaɓe Stirling a matsayin Shugaban Majalisar Dokokin Kudancin Ostiraliya, kuma zai yi aiki a matsayin na tsawon shekaru 31.  

## Manazarta
Gluaiseacht

**Gluaiseacht don Adalci na Duniya** ƙungiya ce ta muhalli, zaman lafiya da ƙungiyar adalci ta Irish. *Gluaiseacht* yana nufin "motsi" a cikin harshen Irish. Ƙungiyar ta yi imani da juriya mara tashin hankali ga yanayin duniya na jari-hujja na yanzu. Asali cibiyar sadarwa ce ta ƙungiyoyin muhalli da duniya ɗaya a jami'o'i da kwalejoji a duk faɗin Ireland. Memba ce ta Cibiyar Muhalli ta Irish.

Gluaiseacht ya shiga cikin zanga-zangar adawa da makaman nukiliya a sansanin jirgin ruwa na Trident da ke Faslane, Scotland,   da kuma tashar nukiliya ta Sellafield.  

Gluaiseacht ta shirya taron Ecotopia na 2002 (sansanin bazara na shekara-shekara ga masu fafutuka a Turai ) tare da haɗin gwiwar Matasan Turai Don Aiki. 

## Manazarta
Deane Terrell

**Richard Deane Terrell** AO  (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 1936  ) ƙwararren masanin tattalin arziki ne kuma mai hangen nesa na Australiya,  ƙwararren masanin Rhodes ne (1959)  kuma Mataimakin Shugaba na Jami'ar Ƙasa ta Australiya (1994–2001). Sauran mukamai, alaƙa, da sha'awar Terrell sun bambanta kuma suna da yawa. 

## Shekarun farko
An haifi Terrell a Adelaide kuma ya yi karatu a Kwalejin St Peter's, Adelaide, Jami'ar Adelaide, kuma an ba shi tallafin karatu na Rhodes a shekarar 1959 inda ya yi karatun PhD a Magdalen. Terrell ya kammala karatunsa na PhD a fannin kididdiga a Jami'ar Ƙasa ta Australiya a shekarar 1970. 

## Na Kai
Terrell ya auri Jennifer Anne Kathleen Doman a shekarar 1961; suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu da mace ɗaya. 

## Girmamawa da kyaututtuka
Terrell Farfesa ne na Emeritus a ANU, [1] kuma an naɗa shi a matsayin Jami'in Order of Australia (AO) a shekara ta 2002 saboda hidimar manyan makarantu, musamman a matsayin wanda ya fara kafa alaƙar ƙasashen duniya tsakanin jami'o'in Australiya da na ƙasashen waje, a matsayin babban mai ba da gudummawa ga ƙungiyoyi da ke haɗa fannonin ilimi da kasuwanci, da kuma a matsayin mai gudanarwa da kuma mai ilimi.[2]

## Manazarta
Hayden Stoeckel

**Hayden Ernest Stoeckel** (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga Agusta 1984)  ɗan wasan ninkaya ne na baya da ke riƙe da rikodin Olympics da ƙasa daga Ostiraliya. Ya yi iyo don Ostiraliya a gasar Olympics ta 2008 inda ya yi kunnen doki da Arkady Vyatchanin na Rasha don samun lambar tagulla a tseren mita 100 na baya; a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na gasar ya kuma kafa sabon rikodin Australiya da Commonwealth (52.97).  Ya kuma kasance cikin ƙungiyar tseren mita 4 × 100 na maza ta Ostiraliya waɗanda suka lashe tagulla a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2012.

Stoeckel memba ne na ƙungiyar ninkaya ta Norwood da ke Kudancin Ostiraliya. 

A shekara ta 2006, Stoeckel ya koma Brisbane don ci gaba da aikinsa na ninkaya. Ya yi aiki a wurin ninkaya na Dayboro a matsayin mai horarwa da kuma ma'aikacin gyara. Ya bayyana a wata hira da tashar Nine, cewa lokacin da ya yi yana aiki a can ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samun nasara a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta Beijing ta 2008.

Stoeckel ya fara yin iyo da ƙungiyar ninkaya ta Berri da ke Kudancin Ostiraliya. An sake sanya wa wurin ninkaya na Berri suna "Hayden Stoeckel Swimming Pool" bayan ya lashe lambobin yabo biyu a gasar Olympics ta 2008. 

A Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2007, Stoeckel ya kasa tsallakewa daga zafin farko na bugun baya na mita 50 bayan ya zo na 21 a cikin lokaci na 26.38, inda ya kasa ci gaba da 0.14 na dakika guda. A gasar mita 100, ya rasa shiga wasan kusa da na karshe da 0.01, inda ya zo na 17 a cikin zafin a cikin dakika 55.64. Duk da haka, daya daga cikin masu ninkaya da ke gabansa ya janye daga wasan kusa da na karshe, don haka ya yi iyo, ya kare a karshe a cikin dakika 55.51. An fitar da shi a cikin zafin bugun baya na mita 200, ya kare a matsayi na 24 a cikin dakika 2:02.32. Ya fafata a gasar tseren mita 4×100 mai cike da ramuka, inda ya yi tseren baya mafi sauri a cikin dakika 55.18, yayin da Australia ta cancanci matsayi na hudu. An cire shi a madadin Matt Welsh a wasan karshe, wanda Australia ta lashe.

## Manazarta
Cibiyar Ilimi ta Muhalli

An kafa **Cibiyar Ilimi ta Muhalli** ( **CEE** ) a Indiya a watan Agusta na shekarar 1984 a matsayin Cibiyar Kyau wacce Ma'aikatar Muhalli da Dazuzzuka ke tallafawa. Ƙungiyar tana aiki don haɓaka shirye-shirye da kayan aiki don ƙara wayar da kan jama'a game da muhalli da ci gaba mai ɗorewa. Babban ofishin yana cikin Ahmedabad .   Cibiyar tana da ofisoshi 41 a faɗin Indiya, ciki har da sassan yanki a Bangalore (Kudu), Guwahati (Arewa maso Gabas), Lucknow (Arewa), Ahmedabad (Yamma) da Pune (Tsakiya); ofisoshin jiha a Delhi, Hyderabad, Raipur, Goa, Coimbatore ; da kuma ofisoshin fage da dama. Tana da ofisoshi na ƙasashen duniya a Ostiraliya da Sri Lanka .

## Tarihi
An ƙirƙiri Cibiyar Ilimi ta Muhalli ne don girmama muhimmancin ilimin muhalli a cikin dabarun muhalli da ci gaba na Indiya gaba ɗaya. An kafa CEE a matsayin Cibiyar Kyau a shekarar 1984, tare da tallafin Ma'aikatar Muhalli da Dazuzzuka (MoEF), Gwamnatin Indiya. Mista Kartikeya Sarabhai shine darektan CEE.

CEE ta gaji tarin albarkatu masu yawa da kuma gogewa iri-iri na Gidauniyar Nehru don Ci Gaba, ƙungiyar iyaye, wacce ke haɓaka ƙoƙarin ilimi tun daga 1966 a fannonin kimiyya, nazarin yanayi, lafiya, ci gaba, da muhalli.

A lokacin da ta fara ayyukanta, CEE wataƙila ita ce ƙungiya ɗaya tilo da ke da hannu a fannin ilimin muhalli a ƙasar. Yayin da take gudanar da shirye-shirye a sassa daban-daban na ƙasar, tana nan ne kawai a Ahmedabad. Cikin shekaru biyar na ayyukan, an fahimci cewa ga ƙasa mai girma da bambancin ra'ayi kamar Indiya, kasancewar jiki yana da mahimmanci don aiwatarwa mai inganci. Dangane da wannan, an buɗe ofishin yanki na farko ga yankin Kudu a 1988–89. Tun daga lokacin, ƙoƙari ne na gaske don samun ofis ko kasancewa a fannin aiki.

Bayan kammala ayyukan da suka shafe shekaru goma a shekarar 1994, an yanke shawarar ƙara matsawa daga ilimin muhalli zuwa ayyukan muhalli. Wannan sakamakon ilmantarwa da gogewa ne a cikin shekaru goma na farko. CEE ta fara ƙarin ayyukan gwaji, na matakin filin da na gwaji zuwa ga ci gaba mai ɗorewa wanda za a iya faɗaɗawa da kuma maimaitawa. A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, waɗannan ayyukan sun zama babban ɓangare na ayyukan cibiyar.

## Manazarta
Joanna Bessey

**Joanna Bessey** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1976) ƴar wasan kwaikwayo ce kuma darakta da ke zaune a ƙasar Malaysia. An fi saninta da rawar da ta taka a matsayin Marie Tan a cikin barkwancin da aka yi *a Kopitiam*, wanda ya ɗauki tsawon shekaru 7. 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Bessey a Yammacin Sussex ga mahaifinta ɗan Birtaniya kuma mahaifiyar 'yar Malaysia 'yar asalin Malay ce, kuma asalin Minangkabau ce. Iyayenta sun haɗu lokacin da mahaifiyarta ta ƙaura zuwa Landan bisa tallafin karatu na Mara. Tun tana da shekaru huɗu, Bessey ta ƙaura tsakanin Kajang na ɗan lokaci, Singapore na ɗan lokaci, sannan ta yi tafiya tsakanin Petaling Jaya da Kuala Lumpur na tsawon shekaru huɗu. A lokacin da take da shekaru 11, Bessey ta koma Ingila, inda ta halarci Makarantar Greenfields . 

## Sana'a
Bessey ta fito a shirye-shiryen talabijin sama da 200, fina-finan talabijin guda 6, fina-finai guda 5, tallace-tallace tare da manyan yabo guda 2,   aikin murya don tallace-tallace da shirye-shiryen zane-zane masu rai da kuma shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo da yawa, a cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata. Sauran kyaututtukan talabijin sun haɗa da *La Dolce Amira*, *Bilik 13*, *All Mixed Up* da Island FM. Ta kasance a cikin fina-finan fina-finai kamar Lips to Lips, Buli, *1957- Hati Malaya* da *Waris Jari Hantu* . 

Bessey ta fito a BBC World News tana karbar bakuncin shirin gaskiya na balaguro mai suna "Exploring Malaysia". Ita ma ƙwararriyar mai fafutukar kare muhalli ce. 

A shekarar 2020, Bessey ta fara fitowa a matsayinta na wasan bidiyo ta hanyar yin wasan murya a matsayin Eve a cikin *No Straight Roads.*

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Tana da aure da mijinta Bajamushe Aurel Wunderer. Suna da ɗa ɗaya da aka haifa a shekarar 2011. 

## Accolades
An zaɓe ta kamar haka: 'Mafi Kyawun Jarumi a Matsayin Tallafi' a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na 'Boh' Cameronian Arts Awards 2007, "Mafi Kyawun Darakta" a lokacin da ta fara bayar da umarni na fim ɗin Ibsen mai suna 'An Enemy of the People', 'Mafi Kyawun Jarumi a Matsayin Barkwanci' a shirin barkwanci mai suna 'Kopitiam' a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na talabijin na Asiya (Singapore) kuma an yaba mata sosai. An zaɓe ta a matsayin Mafi Kyawun Jarumi Mace a shekarar 2000 ta hanyar wani zaɓen jin ra'ayin jama'a a yanar gizo.

## Manazarta
Kungiyoyin Muhalli da Kare Muhalli na Aotearoa New Zealand

An kafa **ƙungiyoyin Muhalli da Kare Muhalli na Aotearoa New Zealand** ( **ECO** ) a shekarar 1971 a ƙarƙashin sunan CoEnCo. Sunan ya koma ECO a shekarar 1976. 

Ƙungiyar laima ce mai zaman kanta da kuma hanyar sadarwa ta ƙungiyoyi kusan 50. Tana buga *ecolink,* wata wasiƙar labarai ta kwata-kwata da aka aika wa membobi da magoya baya.

An yi masa rijista a matsayin ƙungiyar agaji a shekarar 2009, amma rajistar ta ƙare a shekarar 2023. 

## Ƙungiyoyin membobi
 
ECO kuma tana da 'Abokai' kusan 500, waɗanda suka ƙunshi mutane da sauran ƙungiyoyi. ECO ta dogara ne akan kuɗi daga membobinta, tallafi da gudummawa.

## Manazarta
Joseph Verco

**Sir Joseph Cooke Verco** (1 ga Agusta 1851 &#x2013; 26 Yuli 1933) likita ne kuma masanin ilmin taurari na Australiya.

An haifi Verco a ƙasar Ostiraliya ga iyayensa 'yan asalin Birtaniya, kuma ya yi karatu na shekara guda a Kwalejin St Peter's, Adelaide, kafin ya ci gaba da karatun likitanci a Jami'ar Landan. Ya koma Ostiraliya a shekarar 1878, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin likita, malami a Jami'ar Adelaide, kuma shugaban ƙungiyar likitocin Burtaniya reshen Kudancin Ostiraliya. Verco ya yi ritaya daga aikin likitanci a shekarar 1919, kuma a wannan shekarar aka naɗa shi shugaban sashen likitanci a Adelaide. Daga baya aka naɗa shi shugaban sashen ilimin hakora.[1]

Outside of medicine, Verco collaborated with Charles Hedley and Professor William A. Haswell in investigating South Australia's continental shelf. His work as a taxonomist included the description of *Sepia braggi*, the slender cuttlefish. The database WoRMS contains 150 marine species named by J. C. Verco, many of which have become synonyms. He was mentor to Bernard Charles Cotton, who served as the  South Australian Museum's Curator of Molluscs from 1934 to 1962.

Lambar yabo ta Verco ita ce babbar kyauta da Royal Society of South Australia ta bayar. 

An sanya wa ginin Verco da ke Minda Home (wanda aka gina a shekarar 1914) suna saboda shi. 

## Manazarta
Cibiyoyin samar da makamashin nukiliya na Sayonara

Sayonara Nuclear Power Plants (Japanese: さようなら原発1000万人アクション, Hepburn: Sayōnara Genpatsu Issenmannin Akushon) is an anti-nuclear organization and campaign in Japan. Translated, its full name means "10-Million People Action [to say] Goodbye to Nuclear Power Plants", and as the name would suggest, its aim is to gather 10 million signatures protesting against nuclear power plants. As of December 2013, the campaign had collected 8.3 million signatures.

## Manufofi
Ƙungiyar tana son ganin an sauya manufofin makamashin Japan daga makamashin nukiliya zuwa makamashin da ake sabuntawa .  Takardar roƙon ƙungiyar ta ce, "Abin da ya bayyana a fili daga bala'in nukiliya na Fukushima da abubuwan da suka faru daga baya shine wannan gaskiyar mai wahala: babu makamashin nukiliya da ke da aminci. A wata ma'anar, fasahar nukiliya da bil'adama ba za su iya rayuwa tare ba." 

## Ayyuka
Baya ga tattara sa hannu, ƙungiyar ta gudanar da tarurrukan adawa da makaman nukiliya da dama. Ta gudanar da taron mutane 60,000 a Meiji Park (kusa da Meiji Shrine ), Tokyo, a ranar 17 ga Satumba, 2011, da kuma taron gangami a Koriyama, Fukushima, a ranar 11 ga Maris, 2012, ranar cika shekaru 10 da bala'in nukiliya na Fukushima. A ranar 16 ga Yuli, 2012, ta gudanar da taron gangami a Yoyogi Park, Tokyo, wanda ya jawo hankalin mutane 170,000.   An yi hasashen cewa waɗannan zanga-zangar adawa da makaman nukiliya da ayyukan da suka shafi hakan na iya nuna sabbin matakan fafutukar siyasa daga ma'aikatan birane da matasa. 

## Membobi
Ƙungiyar tana ƙidaya shahararrun mutane a cikin jerinta. Daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ta akwai marubuci Kenzaburō Ōe, masanin tarihi Shunsuke Tsurumi, da marubuta Hisae Sawachi, Katsuto Uchihashi da Keiko Ochiai.   A cewar ƙungiyar, magoya bayanta sun haɗa da Magajin Garin Minamisoma Katsunobu Sakurai da Magajin Garin Tokai Tatsuya Murakami, da kuma daraktan fina-finai Yoji Yamada da kuma jaruma Sayuri Yoshinaga . 

## Duba kuma

* Ƙungiyoyin hana nukiliya
* Yunkurin hana amfani da makamashin nukiliya a Japan
* Genpatsu-shinsai
* Martanin Japan ga bala'in nukiliya na Fukushima Daiichi
* Siyasar makamashin nukiliya

## Manazarta
David Tonkin

**David Oliver Tonkin** AO (20 ga Yuli 1929 – 2 ga Oktoba 2000) ɗan siyasa ne na ƙasar Australiya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na 38 na Kudancin Ostiraliya daga 18 ga Satumba 1979 zuwa 10 ga Nuwamba 1982. An zaɓe shi a matsayin kujerar Majalisar Dokoki ta Bragg a zaɓen 1970, inda ya yi aiki har zuwa 1983. Ya zama shugaban Sashen Kudancin Ostiraliya na Jam'iyyar Liberal ta Australiya a 1975, inda ya maye gurbin Bruce Eastick. Da farko ya jagoranci jam'iyyar zuwa ga shan kaye a zaɓen 1977 da gwamnatin Don Dunstan Labour, jam'iyyarsa ta lashe zaɓen 1979 da gwamnatin Des Corcoran Labour. Bayan zaɓen Norwood na 1980, gwamnatin Tonkin ta ragu zuwa rinjayen kujeru ɗaya. Tsarin manufofin gwamnatinsa ya haɗa ra'ayin mazan jiya na tattalin arziki da ci gaban zamantakewa . An kayar da gwamnatin Tonkin Liberal bayan wa'adi ɗaya a zaɓen 1982 ta Labour ƙarƙashin jagorancin John Bannon.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi David Tonkin a Unley, Kudancin Ostiraliya, a ranar 20 ga Yuli, 1929. Lokacin da yake ɗan shekara biyar, mahaifinsa, Oliver, ya mutu, ya bar mahaifiyar Tonkin, Bertha, don ta rene shi. Tonkin ya halarci makarantun gwamnati na gida kafin ya sami tallafin karatu a Kwalejin St Peter. An karɓe shi a fannin likitanci a Jami'ar Adelaide, Tonkin ya yi aiki a matsayin direban tasi yayin da yake kammala karatunsa na digiri kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Likita na Janar kafin ya yi karatun digiri na biyu a fannin ido a Landan. Ya kafa aiki a Adelaide kuma ba da daɗewa ba aka ɗauke shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan likitocin ido na birnin. Tonkin ya fito ne daga dangin Cornish. 

Jajircewar Tonkin wajen taimaka wa al'umma ta bayyana ne ta hanyar hidimarsa ta girmamawa a matsayin likitan ido a asibitocin gwamnati na Adelaide da kuma ta hanyar ƙaddamar da shirin tantance cutar glaucoma na farko a Ostiraliya, ta hanyar Lions Club . A shekarar 1962, Tonkin ya zama babban darektan gidauniyar rigakafin makanta ta Australiya, SA Inc. 

## Sana'a
Tun yana ƙarami, Tonkin ya kasance mai goyon bayan ƙungiyar Liberal and Country League (LCL), inda ya raba katunan zaɓe a zaɓen 1939 ga jam'iyyar. Shahararsa a cikin al'ummar Adelaide da kuma hidimarsa ga al'umma ya sa ya zama ɗan takarar LCL mai kyau. A shekarar 1968, ya yi rashin nasara wajen ƙalubalantar Firimiya Don Dunstan a kujerar Dunstan ta Norwood kafin ya zama memba na farko da ya tsaya takarar kujerar Bragg a zaɓen 1970.

Tonkin ya sami suna cikin sauri a matsayin memba mai ci gaba na LCL. Ya kasance farkon mai goyon bayan ƙungiyar Liberal Movement da tsohon firayim minista Steele Hall ya kafa, kodayake Tonkin ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da LCL lokacin da Liberal Movement ta rabu da ita.

Tonkin ya samu karbuwa a duk fadin jihar a shekarar 1974, lokacin da ya gabatar da kudirin wani memba mai zaman kansa na haramta wariyar jinsi, doka ta farko irin wannan a Ostiraliya. Shekara guda bayan haka, wannan shaharar ta sa ya kalubalanci Bruce Eastick don jagorantar abin da a wancan lokacin ya zama reshen Jam'iyyar Liberal ta Kudu ta Ostiraliya. Tonkin ya zama shugaba bayan da Eastick ya tsaya gefe.

## Manazarta
John von Doussa

**John William von Doussa,** AO FAAL KC (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Satumba, 1940) tsohon alkali ne kuma ma'aikacin gwamnati a Ostiraliya. Ya kasance alkali a Kotun Tarayya ta Ostiraliya daga 1988 zuwa 2003, shugaban Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam da Daidaito Damar Dama daga 2003 zuwa 2008, kuma shugaban Jami'ar Adelaide daga 2004 zuwa 2010.

## Rayuwar farko
Von Doussa ya halarci Kwalejin St Peter's, Adelaide . Ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Adelaide a shekarar 1962 da digirin farko na shari'a.[1] Shi ne "ƙarni na huɗu na iyalinsa da ya ɗauki aikin lauya", kuma jikan Louis von Doussa ne.[2]

## Aikin shari'a da shari'a
Von Doussa ya yi aiki a matsayin magatakardarsa tare da Thomson, Hogarth, Ross & Lewis, kuma an kira shi zuwa ga lauyoyi a 1963. Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar lauyoyi ta Kudancin Ostiraliya daga 1982 zuwa 1983, kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun lauyoyi a jihar. A 1986, an naɗa von Doussa a Kotun Koli ta Kudancin Ostiraliya. An ɗaga shi zuwa Kotun Tarayya ta Ostiraliya a 1988, inda zai yi aiki har zuwa 2003. 

A shekarar 1994 ya jagoranci wani muhimmin taro mai suna " Kafafen Kafet ", inda aka ba wa ƙungiyar masu fasaha ' yan asalin ƙasar diyya a ƙarƙashin *Dokar Haƙƙin mallaka ta 1968* da *Dokar Ayyukan Ciniki* bayan an ga an keta haƙƙin mallakar fasaha da wani kamfanin shigo da kayayyaki na Perth wanda ya yi amfani da ƙirarsa a kan kafet da aka ƙera a Vietnam ya yi.

A shekara ta 2001, von Doussa ya yanke hukunci mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce game da takaddamar gadar Hindmarsh Island. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa "bai gamsu da cewa an ƙirƙira ilimin da aka takaita wa mata ba ko kuma ba wani ɓangare na al'adar 'yan asalin ƙasar ba". Hukuncinsa ya saba wa binciken da aka yi a baya na Hukumar Sarauta ta Tsibirin Hindmarsh. 

## Manazarta
Kamfen ɗin rufe ƙofa

**Yaƙin neman zaɓen rufe ƙofar** wani yaƙin neman zaɓe ne na ƙasa baki ɗaya a Burtaniya don ƙarfafa masu sayar da kayayyaki su rufe ƙofofinsu don adana makamashi da rage fitar da hayakin carbon . 

## Bayani
Baya ga kamfen ɗin ƙasa, wanda manyan dillalai suka tallafa, ciki har da Marks da Spencer, Tesco, John Lewis Partnership, Wickes da Boots,  akwai kuma kamfen na gida a birane daban-daban, ciki har da Cambridge (inda aka kafa kamfen ɗin), Birmingham, London da York.  Baya ga ƙarfafa gwiwar dillalai, ana kuma ƙarfafa masu sayayya su shiga ta hanyar rufe ƙofofin shaguna da kuma kauracewa shagunan da suka ƙi rufe ƙofofinsu.  

## Alaƙa
Ƙungiyar ma'aikatan shaguna ta USDAW ce ke tallafawa wannan kamfen ɗin saboda rage kuzari da kuma ƙaruwar jin daɗin ma'aikata. 

Kamfanin Carbon Trust da kuma British Retail Consortium membobi ne na ƙungiyar gudanarwa. 

## Duba kuma

* Amfani da ɗabi'a
* Makamashi a Burtaniya

## Manazarta
Shirin Bayyana Carbon

**CDP** (wanda a da ake kira **Carbon Disclosure Project** ) ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta duniya da ke da hedikwata a Burtaniya, Japan, China, Jamus, Brazil da Amurka wadda ke taimaka wa kamfanoni, birane, jihohi, yankuna da hukumomin gwamnati su bayyana tasirinsu ga muhalli . Tana da nufin sanya rahotannin muhalli da kula da haɗari su zama al'adar kasuwanci, ta hanyar bayyana bayanai, fahimta, da kuma ɗaukar mataki zuwa ga tattalin arziki mai dorewa .  A shekarar 2024, kusan ƙungiyoyi 25,000 sun bayyana bayanan muhallinsu ta hanyar CDP. 

## Bayani
CDP ta nuna goyon bayanta ga manufar Shirin Rahoton Duniya game da bayyana muhalli a shekarar 2002, inda ta mai da hankali kan kamfanoni daban-daban maimakon kasashe. A lokacin CDP tana da masu zuba jari 35 kacal da suka sanya hannu kan bukatarta ta neman bayanai kan yanayi kuma kamfanoni 245 sun amsa. A cewar kungiyar, ya zuwa shekarar 2024, kamfanonin da suka kai kashi biyu bisa uku na jarin kasuwar duniya sun bayyana ta hanyar CDP.  

## Tsarin aiki
CDP tana aiki tare da kamfanoni, birane, jihohi, da yankuna don taimakawa wajen haɓaka dabarun rage hayakin carbon . Tarin bayanan da kamfanonin suka bayar da rahoton kansu yana samun tallafi daga masu zuba jari na cibiyoyi sama da 800 tare da kadarori kusan dala tiriliyan 100 na Amurka. 

## Shirye-shiryen CDP

### Sauyin yanayi
Shirin sauyin yanayi na CDP yana da nufin rage hayakin da kamfanonin ke fitarwa daga iskar gas da kuma rage barazanar sauyin yanayi . CDP ta nemi bayanai kan barazanar yanayi da kuma damar da ba ta da yawa daga cikin carbon daga manyan kamfanoni na duniya  a madadin sama da masu zuba jari na cibiyoyi 800 da suka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tare da jimillar kadarorin da suka kai dala tiriliyan 100 na Amurka.  &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

### Ruwa
Shirin yana ƙarfafa kamfanoni su bayyana da rage tasirin da suke yi wa muhalli ta hanyar amfani da ƙarfin masu zuba jari da kamfanoni.

### Sarkar samar da kayayyaki
A shekarar 2016, wasu kungiyoyi 90, wadanda suka wakilci sama da dala Amurka $2.5&nbsp;tiriliyan na ƙarfin siye, sun nemi masu samar da kayayyaki su bayyana bayanai kan yadda suke tunkarar haɗarin yanayi da ruwa da damammaki. An tattara bayanai daga masu samar da kayayyaki sama da 4,000 a duk duniya,   wanda ya ba da rahoto sama da dala Amurka $12&nbsp;tanadi na biliyan biliyan daga ayyukan rage hayaki mai gurbata muhalli. 

## Manazarta
Richard Twopeny

**Richard Ernest Nowell Twopeny** (1 ga Agusta 1857 - 2 ga Satumba 1915)  ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Australiya, wanda aka fi rubutawa **Twopenny** ko **Tuppenny** ; kuma ɗan jarida kuma editan jarida/mai shi a New Zealand da Ostiraliya, wanda a cikin mahallinsa ake kiransa da **REN Twopeny** .

## Rayuwar farko
Twopeny ɗan Archdeacon T. Nowell Twopeny da Mathilde Twopeny na Adelaide ne.[1] An haife shi a Little Casterton Rectory, Rutland, Ingila a shekara ta 1857. Edward Twopeny ɗan'uwa ne. Mahaifinsu ya yi ƙaura zuwa Kudancin Ostiraliya a shekara ta 1860.

A shekara ta 1872, Richard ɗalibi ne a Kwalejin St Peter's, Adelaide, kuma shi ne kyaftin na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta makarantar. Twopeny ya yi wani ɓangare na ƙuruciyarsa a Faransa kuma ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Marlborough, Ingila, har zuwa 1875 da kuma Ruprecht-Karl-Universität, Heidelberg, Jamus. 

Twopeny ya koma Ostiraliya a shekarar 1876. Ya isa Melbourne a *Northumberland* a ranar 15 ga Mayu 1876 kuma ba da daɗewa ba ya koma Adelaide inda ya yi aiki a kan *Rijistar Kudancin Ostiraliya* daga 1876 zuwa 1877. 

## 'Yan ƙasar Australiya sun kafa tarihin ƙwallon ƙafa

### Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Kudu ta Australiya (1877)
Richard Twopeny ya kasance babban memba na shirya ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Kudu ta Ostiraliya a shekara ta 1877. Tare da wakilai daga Adelaide, Port Adelaide, Willunga, South Park, North Adelaide, Kapunda, Bankers, Gawler, South Adelaide, Victorian, Woodville da Prince Alfred College an kafa ƙa'idodin wasan na shekara. 

### Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Adelaide (1877)
A shekara ta 1877, Twopeny ya jagoranci ƙungiyar na wasanni 12. Ya bar ƙungiyar a ƙarshen shekara ta 1877 ya yi aiki a Melbourne.

## ''Rayuwar Gari a Ostiraliya''
Twopeny ya rubuta jerin wasiƙu waɗanda daga baya aka buga su a matsayin *Town Life in Australia* (1883). Ya kwatanta manyan biranen Ostiraliya - a lokacin Sydney, Melbourne da Adelaide - da juna da kuma waɗanda ke cikin Burtaniya. 

Jaridar *British Quarterly Review* ta yaba wa littafin a matsayin wani sauyi mai kyau daga "zane-zanen rayuwar daji" da aka saba bugawa game da Ostiraliya a Birtaniya a lokacin. Gabatarwar sake buga littafin a shekarar 1973 ta ce, "Twopeny ya karanta kamar yadda ya saba a yau." 

## ''L'Australie Méridionale''
Yayin da Twopeny ke karatu a Paris, ya iya rubutu da Faransanci; daga baya, ya rubuta *L'Australie Meridionale* game da rayuwa a Kudancin Ostiraliya.

## Manazarta
Cibiyar Muhalli don Manchester

**Cibiyar Sadarwar Muhalli ta Manchester** (EN4M) ƙungiya ce ta ƙungiyoyin muhalli da ke da hedikwata a Manchester, Ingila. Ayyukansu sun mayar da hankali kan ƙirƙirar muhalli mai ɗorewa a birane kuma sun haɗa da amma ba'a iyakance ga: sake amfani da makamashi, kiyayewa, haɓaka amfani da makamashi mai sabuntawa, da kuma kula da gurɓataccen iska ba .  EN4M yana ba ƙungiyoyin muhalli na gida damar daidaita ƙoƙarinsu da raba albarkatu.  

MERCi ce ta kafa Cibiyar Muhalli ta Manchester. 

MERCi ƙungiyar agaji ta rufe a shekarar 2017 kuma an dakatar da wasiƙar labarai ta EN4M saboda rashin kuɗi, ƙungiyar EN4M da kanta ta daina wanzuwa a wani lokaci a baya, kuma saboda rashin kuɗi. Har yanzu akwai ƙungiyar Facebook "Labaran Muhalli don Greater Manchester". Bridge 5 Mill, wanda MERCi ta kafa, har yanzu tana aiki a ƙarƙashin mallakar Fairfield Environment Trust kuma duk da cewa ba ta gudanar da EN4M ba, tana ci gaba da aiki a matsayin cibiyar ƙungiyoyin muhalli. Shafukan Twitter da Facebook ɗinta suma suna yin wasu daga cikin rawar da EN4M ta taka a labarai.

## Kyaututtuka
A watan Satumba na 2008, Cibiyar Sadarwar Al'umma ta Manchester (CN4M) ta ba da lambar yabo ga Cibiyar Sadarwar Muhalli ta Manchester saboda kyakkyawan tallatawa da kuma wayar da kan jama'a . &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Manazarta
Edward Twopeny

**Edward Nowell Twopeny** (24 Oktoba 1854 - 17 Fabrairu 1932) ɗan siyasa ne na Australiya wanda ya wakilci Majalisar Dokokin Kudancin Ostiraliya mai mambobi da yawa na Newcastle daga 1917 zuwa 1918, yana wakiltar Liberal Union. 

## Farkon rayuwa
An haifi Twopeny a Little Casterton da ke Ingila, ɗan Nowell Twopeny, Archdeacon na Flinders. Iyalinsa sun yi ƙaura zuwa Kudancin Ostiraliya yana ɗan shekara shida, kuma ya yi karatu a Kwalejin St. Peter da ke Adelaide. Yana da shekara goma sha bakwai, ya je aiki a Tashar Coonatta, inda daga baya ya zama manaja. A shekara ta 1903, Twopeny ya sayi wani fili kusa da Quorn . Ya kasance shugaban Majalisar Gundumar Hammond na tsawon shekaru goma sha biyar, ya zama kansila na Majalisar Gundumar Kanyaka na tsawon shekaru sama da ashirin, kuma shugabanta a lokacin rasuwarsa. Ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar Jockey Club ta Quorn har abada, shugaban ƙungiyar aikin gona ta Quorn, kuma memba na kwamitocin Makarantar Sakandare da Cibiyar Quorn.  

### Siyasa
Shi ne sakataren gunduma na farko na Ƙungiyar Siyasa ta Manoma da Masu Samar da Kayayyaki a lokacin da aka kafa ta, kuma lokacin da ta haɗu da Ƙungiyar Liberal a 1910, ya zama sakataren gunduma na farko na Newcastle, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ƙasa kuma sakataren reshen Quorn. An zaɓe shi zuwa Majalisar Dokoki a zaɓen maye gurbin da aka yi a 1917 amma an kayar da shi a zaɓen jiha na 1918. A baya ya yi takarar zaɓen 1910 da 1912 ba tare da nasara ba, kuma bai sake yin nasara ba a zaɓen 1921.

## Mutuwa
Twopeny ya mutu a Quorn a shekarar 1932 bayan watanni goma sha biyu na rashin lafiya kuma an binne shi a Makabartar Quorn. Ya yi aure a shekarar 1880, kuma yana da 'ya'ya takwas. 'Ya'ya maza biyu sun yi yaƙi a Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya; an kashe ɗaya, yayin da ɗayan aka ba shi lambar yabo ta Soja . [1] Bayan rasuwarsa, Quorn Mercury ya bayyana Twopeny a matsayin "Uban Gundumar".[2] Ɗan'uwansa, Richard Twopeny, fitaccen ɗan jarida ne, editan jarida kuma mai jarida a Ostiraliya da New Zealand.[3]

## Manazarta
The Environment Trust (Tower Hamlets)

**Kamfanin Muhalli Trust** wata kungiya ce mai rijistar agaji  da kuma asusun ci gaba wanda, daga 1979 har zuwa lokacin da aka rufe shi a 2008, ke da hedikwata a gundumar London ta Tower Hamlets .  Yana da nufin cimma ci gaba mai dorewa ta hanyar inganta zamantakewa, tattalin arziki da muhalli don amfanin al'umma .

Hukumar Muhalli ta taimaka wajen kafa Fair Finance, wata cibiyar kudi ta ci gaban al'umma, wadda ke bayar da tallafin kuɗi iri-iri ga 'yan al'umma marasa galihu a Gabashin London.

Ƙungiyar ta yi bincike tare da ƙirƙiro tsare-tsaren makamashin da ake sabuntawa, waɗanda suka haɗa da makamashin rana, iska, man fetur na halitta, da kuma makamashin ruwa, kuma ta gabatar da tarurrukan bita na ilimi a makarantu game da jigogi na halittu daban-daban, yanayi da kuma aikin lambu . Ta hanyar shirye-shiryen da aka shirya, ta taimaka wa mutane wajen ƙara shiga cikin ingantawa da amfani da wuraren kore na yankinsu. Ta kuma yi aiki tare da abokan hulɗa da al'ummomi don ƙoƙarin kawo sauyi a manufofin gwamnati na gida da na ƙasa kan wuraren jama'a da bambancin halittu.

Ƙungiyar ta samar da gidaje masu araha da dorewa ga muhalli ta hanyar shirye-shiryenta na gidaje masu amfani da wutar lantarki. Ta ƙirƙiro wata hanya mai amfani ta gina gidaje masu amfani da makamashi mai rahusa tare da ƙarancin kuɗin gudanarwa, wanda daga nan aka sayar da su akan kashi 70% na darajar kasuwa.

Ƙungiyar ta kuma yi aiki don ƙara yawan wuraren aiki masu inganci da araha da ake da su ga kamfanonin zamantakewa na gida, ta hanyar sayen filaye da kadarori a farashi mai rahusa da kuma mayar da su wuraren aiki masu dacewa, waɗanda aka ƙera su daidai da Bayanin Gidaje na Green Homes.

## Manazarta
William Andrew Noye Wells

**William Andrew Noye Wells** AO (6 Maris 1919 - 18 Nuwamba 2004), wanda aka fi sani da **W. A. N. Wells** ya kasance lauya a Kudancin Australia kuma alƙali na Kotun Koli na Kudancin Ostiraliya . Wataƙila abokai da dangi sun san shi da "Andrew".

## Tarihi
An haifi Wells a Arewacin Adelaide ga Alfred Cuthbert Wells (1884-1952) da matarsa Angelica Leslie Wells, née Pooler (1887-1969), wanda ya yi aure a shekara ta 1910. 

Ya kasance dalibi a matsayin Kwalejin St Peter, kuma a 1938 ya fara digiri na Shari'a a Jami'ar Adelaide, inda ya lashe kyautar Stow a shekarar farko,  sannan a watan Yunin 1940 ya shiga cikin AIF na 2, kuma nan da nan aka kara shi zuwa sajan tare da rundunar leken asiri, sannan aka sauya shi zuwa Signals Battalion, an rage shi zuwa corporal. An sallame shi a ranar 22 ga Yuli 1944.

Ya koma karatunsa a Jami'ar Adelaide a 1945, kuma a watan Nuwamba na wannan shekarar an ba shi kyautar David Murray Scholarship in Law .  An zaba shi a matsayin Rhodes Scholar a 1945, kuma a Jami'ar Oxford ya sami digiri na farko na Arts (a cikin shari'a), da kuma digiri na farko a Dokar Jama'a . An shigar da shi Kotun Koli ta Kudancin Australia a shekarar 1950. A shekara ta 1977 ya cancanci sunan "The Honourable Mr Justice",  kuma a shekara ta 1988, lokacin da aka nada shi Jami'in Order of Australia, ya kara da Lauyan Sarauniya a cikin jerin sunayensa.

## Sauran sanarwa
A kusa da shekara ta 1986 an shigar da wani bus na Wells ta John Dowie a Ofishin Lands Titles, 101 Grenfell Street, Adelaide.

## Iyali
Wells ya auri Eleanor Caroline Jacobs (18 Disamba 1921 - 29 Yuni 2014 ), 'yar Roland Ellis Jacobs. Suna da 'ya'ya hudu.

## Manazarta
Shuka Mai Girman Itace

**Shuka Mai Girman Itace** Kamfe ne da Gwamnati ta dauki nauyinsa a Ingila a shekarar 2010, domin inganta dasa bishiyoyi a unguwannin da mutane ke zama da kuma aiki.   Yaƙin neman zaɓen ƙasa ya ɗauki tsawon shekaru huɗu daga 2011 zuwa 2015 kuma ya cimma burinsa na dasa bishiyoyi miliyan ɗaya.  

## Bayani

Yaƙin neman zaɓen ya yi nufin dakatar da raguwar da ake samu a dasa bishiyoyi a birane da kuma rabin birane a Ingila, kuma shi ne irin wannan shiri na farko tun bayan *Shuka Itace A '73* .   An nuna raguwar ta hanyar wani bincike da aka gudanar kan bishiyoyin birane a Ingila a shekarar 2005 (wanda aka buga a matsayin rahoton *Trees in Towns II* a shekarar 2008), wanda ya gano cewa an sami 'raguwa mai yawa' a dasa bishiyoyi a birane (idan aka kwatanta da wani bincike makamancin haka na 1992) wanda ya haifar da 'tsarin shekaru mara gamsarwa' tare da ƙananan bishiyoyi, kuma wanda ya kammala da cewa ya kamata a 'magance matsalar cikin gaggawa'. 

A Landan, wani rahoto daban na 2007, *Chainsaw Massacre*, ya gano cewa akwai damuwa game da yawan shuka a wasu gundumomi, kuma bishiyoyin tituna masu launin baki a duk faɗin London suna cikin "barazana" saboda cakuda matsin lamba na ci gaba, raguwar kashe kuɗi, rashin kulawa ga jama'a da kuma ƙiyayya, da kuma (sau da yawa ba a tabbatar da su ba) damuwar kamfanonin inshora, lauyoyi da masu gidaje game da raguwar amfanin gona .  Rahotannin biyu sun kuma nuna damuwa kan yadda ake shuka ƙananan nau'ikan kayan ado maimakon manyan bishiyoyi masu ganye kamar Landan plane, musamman manyan bishiyoyi na asali kamar lemun tsami da itacen oak .

## Tallafin Kuɗi

Za a samar da tallafin £4.2m ga ƙungiyoyin al'umma, na farar hula da sauran ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu daga watan Afrilun 2011.  Baya ga biyan kuɗin shuka, ana iya amfani da tallafin don dalilai masu alaƙa kamar shigar al'umma, binciken wuraren aiki da kuma bayar da shawarwari na ƙwararru.  Hukumar Kula da Gandun Daji ta yi alƙawarin £4m na rabon tallafin  ta hanyar 'ajiyar inganci da sake fifita fifiko',  yayin da sauran £200,000 suka fito daga Tallafin Al'umma na Landan Tree and Woodland da ke akwai.  Kwamitin Tallafin Shuka na Manyan Itace wanda ke da jagoranci mai zaman kansa ya haɗa da wakilai daga ƙungiyoyin fararen hula, DEFRA, da Hukumar Kula da Gandun Daji, kuma sun haɗu a kowace bazara da bazara don bayar da kuɗi. 

## Manazarta
Hanyar da Bridleways Trust

**Asusun Byways da Bridleways** (BBT) wata ƙungiya ce ta agaji  (lamba mai rijista 280214 a 1980) wadda ta wanzu don kare hanyoyin mota da hanyoyin mota a Ingila da Wales . Mai ba da shawara ne da aka tsara  don canje-canje ko tasirin da aka gabatar kan haƙƙin jama'a na hanyoyin mota (ƙananan hanyoyin mota) da aka yi a ƙarƙashin Dokar Manyan Hanyoyi ta 1980, Dokar Namun Daji da Ƙauye ta 1981 da Dokar Tsarin Gari da Ƙasa ta 1990. Saboda haka, Asusun yana mayar da martani ga shawarwari daga gwamnati, hukumomin gwamnati, hukumomin ƙananan hukumomi da masu neman izinin tsare-tsare da canje-canje ga haƙƙin jama'a na hanyoyin mota. Asusun yana amfani da damar da aka gabatar don amsa kiran Majalisa na shaida kamar a kan Dokar Ruwa  Manufar Asusun ita ce:

*Don kare, kiyayewa, kiyayewa, tabbatarwa, ingantawa da kuma haɓaka haƙƙin jama'a na hanya don amfanin jama'a gabaɗaya, don a iya inganta yanayin rayuwa, musamman ta hanyar ɗaukar matakai don tabbatar da manyan matakan bincike da yin rikodi akan taswira masu inganci da duk wani bayanan jama'a na haƙƙin jama'a na hanya akan hanyoyin shiga da buɗe ga duk zirga-zirga, hanyoyin da ake amfani da su azaman hanyoyin jama'a, hanyoyin hawa marasa ƙarfe, hanyoyin kore, hanyoyin tuƙi, hanyoyin shiga da hanyoyin gadoji a Ingila da Wales.*

Taswirar da Bayanin da aka Tabbatar da shi shine cikakken bayani game da haƙƙin jama'a na hanya da hukumomin manyan hanyoyi ke kula da shi kamar yadda Sashe na 27 na Dokar Wuraren Shakatawa ta Ƙasa da Samun damar Shiga Ƙauye ta 1949 ta tanada .

## Manazarta
Kwamitin Dark Skies

**Hukumar Kula da Duhun Sama** ( **CfDS** ) (wanda a da ake **kira Campaign for Dark Skies** ; an canza sunan a ranar 29 ga Maris, 2015) ita ce babbar ƙungiyar yaƙin neman zaɓen hana gurɓatar haske a Burtaniya, wadda ta zama wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa ta yaƙi da gurɓatar haske .

Ƙungiyar Masana Taurari ta Burtaniya  (BAA) ce ke gudanar da ita kuma tana da alaƙa da Ƙungiyar Duniya ta Duhun Sama  (IDA), kuma ta ƙunshi wata hanyar sadarwa ta jami'an gida (da sauran membobi) waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin inganta haske a yankunansu da kuma ba da shawara ga mutanen yankin.

Masana ilmin taurari masu son shiga ne suka kafa wannan kamfen a shekarar 1989 a matsayin wani ɓangare na BAA wanda ya ƙware wajen yaƙi da hasken rana .  Yanzu a buɗe yake ga waɗanda ba membobin BAA ba, waɗanda suka haɗa da injiniyoyin haske da masu kare muhalli, da kuma kamfen kan tasirin gurɓatar haske.

A watan Afrilun 2023, wanda ya kafa kuma mai kula da CfDS, Robert Mizon MBE ya mutu. Bayan wani lokaci na zaman makoki da gyara, an sake ƙaddamar da Hukumar a watan Nuwamba na 2024 tare da sabbin jami'ai da membobin kwamitin, waɗanda aka ɗora musu alhakin sake farfaɗo da kamfen ɗin rage gurɓatar haske da kuma kiyayewa da kare sararin samaniyar Burtaniya mai duhu.

## Dokoki
Aikin CfDS tare da Kwamitin Kimiyya da Fasaha na Majalisar Wakilai kan yin dokoki kan gurɓataccen haske ya sa gwamnati ta haɗa da tanade-tanaden a cikin Dokar Tsabtace Unguwa da Muhalli.  

## Wurin shakatawa mai duhu, tsibiri da wurin ajiyar kaya
Membobin CfDS sun shiga cikin waɗannan naɗin International Dark-Sky Association :

* Galloway Forest Park – Dark Sky Park (2009) 
* Sark – Tsibiri na farko na duniya mai duhu a sararin samaniyar IDA (Matakin Azurfa) (2011)  
* Exmoor – Dark Sky Reserve (2011) 
* Elan Valley Estate (tsakiyar Wales) Dark Sky Park (2015)
* Tomintoul da Glenlivet-Cairngorms Dark Sky Park (2018)

## Littattafai
A shekara ta 2009, CfDS ta buga littafin littafinta *mai suna "Blinded by the Light?"* . 

## Taro

* *CfDS 2006* : Taron Taro na Dark-Skies, Portsmouth, Birtaniya, 15–16 ga Satumba, 2006.
* *Hasken waje, matsalar doka da gurɓatar haske*, Jami'ar De Montfort, Afrilu, 2006.
* *Tsare-tsare, Hasken Waje da Muhalli*, Jami'ar De Montfort, 20 Afrilu 2012.

## Manazarta