Valentyn Silvestrov

**Valentyn Vasylyovych Silvestrov** ( yaren Ukrain; an haife shi a watan 30 Satumba 1937) mawaƙin kasar Ukraine ne kuma ɗan wasan piano na wakokin gargajiya na zamani.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Silvestrov a ranar 30 ga watan Satumba 1937 a Kyiv, Ukrainian SSR, sa'an nan kuma na Tarayyar Soviet.  

Ya fara darussan kiɗa na sirri tun ɗan shekara 15. Ya karanta piano a Makarantar Kiɗa na Maraice ta Kyiv daga 1955 zuwa 1958, sannan a Kyiv Conservatory daga 1958 zuwa 1964; abun da ke ciki karkashin Borys Lyatoshynsky, jituwa da kuma counterpoint karkashin Levko Revutsky .

## Salo
Wataƙila anfi sanin Silvestrov da salon kiɗan sa na zamani; wasu, idan ba mafi yawan, na ayyukansa za a iya la'akari neoclassical da post-modernist. Yin amfani da fasaha na tonal na gargajiya da na modal, Silvestrov ya ƙirƙiri wani nau'i na musamman kuma mai laushi na zane-zane mai ban mamaki da motsin rai, halayen da ya ba da shawarar cewa an sadaukar da su a yawancin kiɗa na zamani. “Ba na rubuta sabuwar waka. Kiɗa na mayar da martani ne ga abin da ya riga ya wanzu, "in ji Silvestrov. 

A cikin shekara ta 1974, a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba don bin ƙa'idodin haƙiƙanin gurguzanci da salon zamani, haka nan kuma ya nemi afuwar tafiyarsa daga taron mawaƙa don nuna adawa da mamayewar Tarayyar Soviet na Czechoslovakia,  Silvestrov ya zaɓi ya janye daga tabo. A wannan lokacin ya fara ƙin salonsa na zamani. Maimakon haka, ya *tsara waƙoƙin shiru (Тихі Пісні* (1977)) zagayowar da aka yi niyya don kunna shi a cikin sirri. Daga baya, bayan faduwar Tarayyar Soviet, ya kuma fara tsara ayyukan ruhaniya da na addini wanda ya shafi salon kiɗan liturgical na Rasha da Ukrainian Orthodox.  Silvestrov ya bi diddigin kin amincewarsa na avantgarde tun daga shekarunsa a Kyiv Conservatory. Lokacin da aka gabatar da ɗaya daga cikin ayyukansa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi Lyatoshynsky ya tambaye shi: "Kuna son wannan?", kuma yayin da ya amsa da tabbaci "wannan tambayar ta kasance cikin raina". 

Zagayowar wakokinsa na violin da piano, *Melodies of* Mistances ( *Мелодії Миттєвостей* ), saitin ayyuka bakwai da suka ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi 22 da za a buga su a jere (kuma yana da kusan mintuna 70), yana da kusanci kuma yana da wuyar fahimta - mawaƙan ya kwatanta shi kamar yadda mawaƙan ya kwatanta shi. ...] akan iyaka tsakanin bayyanarsu da bacewarsu". 

Abubuwan da ke cikin kishin ƙasa na Ukraine suna faruwa a cikin wasu ayyukan Silvestrov, musamman a cikin aikinsa na choral *Diptych* . Wannan aikin ya tsara kalmomin kishin ƙasa na Taras Shevchenko na 1845 *Alkawari (Заповіт)*, wanda ke da matsayi mai mahimmanci a Ukraine, kuma Silvestrov ya sadaukar da shi a cikin 2014 don tunawa da Serhiy Nigoyan, ɗan Armenian-Ukrainian wanda ya mutu a cikin 2014 . Rikicin titin Hrushevskoho kuma an yi imanin cewa shine farkon asarar Euromaidan wanda ya haifar da juyin juya halin mutuntaka.

## Manyan ayyuka
Muhimman ayyukan Silvestrov da aka buga sun haɗa da waƙoƙi tara, waƙoƙin kiɗa na piano da ƙungiyar makaɗa, nau'ikan nau'ikan kade-kade na ƙungiyar mawaƙa, nau'ikan kirtani guda uku, piano quintet, sonata uku, piano guda, kiɗan ɗakin, da kiɗan murya (cantatas, waƙoƙi, da sauransu). . ) Wasu daga cikin fitattun abubuwansa sune:

* Piano Sonatina (1960, sake dubawa 1965)
* *Quartetto Piccolo* don string quartet (1961)
* Symphony No.1 (1963, sake fasalin 1974)
* *Mysterium* na sarewa alto da ƙungiyoyin kaɗa shida (1964)
* *Spectra* for Chamber Orchestra (1965)
* *Monodia* don Piano da Orchestra (1965)
* Symphony No.2 don sarewa, timpani, piano da mawaƙan kirtani (1965)
* Symphony No.3 *"Eschatophony"* (1966)
* *Waka zuwa ƙwaƙwalwar Borys Lyatoshynsky* na ƙungiyar makaɗa (1968)
* *Wasan kwaikwayo* na violin, cello, da piano (1970-1971)
* *Yin zuzzurfan tunani* don cello da piano (1972)
* Zauren Quartet No.1 (1974)
* *Wakokin Estrades Goma sha Uku* (1973-1975)
* *Waƙoƙin natsuwa* (waƙoƙin shiru) bayan Pushkin, Lermontov, Keats, Yesenin, Shevtshenko, et al. don baritone da piano (1974-1975)
* Symphony No.4 don kayan aikin tagulla da kirtani (1976)
* *Kitsch-Music*, zagayowar guda biyar na piano (1977)
* *Kiɗan daji* bayan G. Aigi don ƙahon soprano da piano (1977-1978)
* *Postludium* don violin solo (1981)
* *Postludium* don cello da piano (1982)
* Symphony No.5 (1980-1982)
* *Ode zuwa Nightingale*, cantata tare da rubutu na John Keats don soprano da ƙananan makaɗa (1983)
* *Postludium* don piano da ƙungiyar makaɗa (1984)
* Symphony, *Exegi Monumentum* for baritone and orchestra (1985/87)
* Zauren Quartet No.2 (1988)
* *Widmung* (Sadaka), wasan kwaikwayo na violin da makada (1990-1991)
* *Metamusic*, waka mai ban dariya don piano da ƙungiyar makaɗa (1992)
* Symphony No.6 (1994-1995)
* *The Messenger* for synthesizer, piano da kirtani makada (1996-1997)
* *Bukatar Larissa* don ƙungiyar mawaƙa da ƙungiyar makaɗa (1997-1999)
* *Epitaph* na piano da mawaƙan kirtani (1999)
* *Epitaph LB* don viola (ko cello) da piano (1999)
* *Serenade na Autumn* na ƙungiyar makada (2000)
* *Shafi* (2000)
* *Waƙar 2001* (2001)
* Symphony No.7 (2002-2003)
* *Lacrimosa* don viola (ko cello) solo (2004)
* 5 Tsarkakakkiyar Waƙoƙi don ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta SATB (2008) (fararen duniya a Ireland akan 24 Satumba 2009) 
* 5 Sabbin Piees don Violin da Piano (2009) (firar farko a duniya a Ireland akan 24 Satumba 2009) 
* Zauren Quartet Na 3 (2011)
* Symphony No. 8 (2012-2013)
* Symphony Lamba 9 (2019)

Silvestrov ya yi rikodin kundi guda 10 akan alamar ECM. 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Tarihin rayuwa, wasan kwaikwayo, zane-zane da fihirisar aiki a gidan yanar gizon Schott Music
* Short labarin da ke ba da cikakken bayani game da rayuwar V. Silvestrov da matsayinsa a cikin kiɗan gargajiya na zamani, ta mujallar Stylus 
* Short biography da jerin ayyuka a cikin Soviet Composer's Page

; Hanyoyin haɗi zuwa kiɗa

*   
* samfurin kiɗa, Symphony #5
* Shafin bandeji