Hukumar Kula da Tattalin Arzikin Najeriya

**Hukumar Kula da** Tattalin Arzikin Najeriyar (N.I.M.A.S.A), tsohuwar Hukumar **Kula da Ruwa ta Kasa** (N.M.A) ce ke da alhakin dokokin da suka shafi jigilar jiragen ruwa na Najeriya, da aikin bakin ruwa da ruwan gabar teku. Har ila yau, hukumar na gudanar da bincike da kuma samar da ayyukan bincike da ceto.  Kwamitin gudanarwa ya hada da wakilan Ma'aikatar kwadago, da Ma'aikatar Sufuri da kuma sojojin ruwa.

## Hukumar Kula da Ruwa ta Kasa
Hukumar Tattalin Arzikin Kasa (NMA), wacce ta gabace ta NIMASA, an kafa ta ne ta Dokar Manufofin Sufuri na 11 ga watan  Mayun shekara ta 1987, kuma Ma’aikatar Sufuri ta Tarayya ce ke kula da ita. Aikinta shine tabbatar da ingantaccen tsari, kariya da horon ma'aikata a masana'antar jigilar kayayyaki ta ruwa.  NMA kuma an ba ta alhakin sa ido kan gurɓatar ruwan teku da zubar da ruwa a cikin ruwan Najeriya.  Matatun man fetur da ke yankin Neja Delta suna da rauni, sannan kuma dokar ta amince da rawar dakon kaya a cikin teku wajen kariya. 

### Rabon kaya
Dokar da ta kafa NMA ta yi amfani da shugaban 40-40-20 wanda taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Ciniki da Ci Gaban (UNCTAD) ya bayyana. Wannan yana nufin cewa za a rarraba 40 na kaya zuwa jirgi daga mai shigowa, 40% zuwa jirgi daga mai fitar da 20% batun batun buɗe gasa, wanda zai iya haɗawa da jiragen ruwa daga wasu ƙasashe. Ga wadanda ba na taro ba da kuma manyan kaya ya ci gaba, ana rabawa bisa 50-50, tare da NMA da ke da ikon rarraba duk kayan da ake fitarwa.  Duk da wannan hukuncin, a zahiri kamfanonin hakar mai sun samar da jiragen ruwa na kansu don kai yawancin danyen zuwa matatun man su zuwa kasashen waje.  Koyaya, mambobin taron Jirgin Ruwa na Amurka da Afirka ta Yamma sun ce an hana su jigilar kaya daga NMA, batun da gwamnatin Amurka ta gabatar sau da dama.  A cikin shekara ta 1988 NMA ta sanar da cewa za ta kafa ofisoshin ajiyar kaya a Liverpool, London, Hamburg, Paris, Tokyo, New York da Brazil. Dokta Bassey U. Ekong, Darakta Janar na NMA, ya ce cibiyoyin za su yi rikodin duk abubuwan da ke shigowa Najeriya kuma za su tabbatar da "cikakken aiwatar da ka'idar 40-40-20 ta UNCTAD". A ƙarshe, babu ɗayan ofisoshin da aka buɗe. 

A cikin shekara ta  1988 NMA ta ba da layukan jigilar jiragen ruwa guda shida a matsayin "mai jigilar jiragen kasa", ciki har da Layin Jirgin Ruwa na kasa mallakar Najeriya. NMA na da niyyar faɗaɗa wannan matsayin ga ƙarin kamfanonin cikin gida don rage ikon kasuwanci ta layukan mallakar ƙasashen waje.  Saboda dalilai na alfahari na kasa, NMA ba ta karfafa layukan jigilar kayayyaki na cikin gida don shiga ayyukan ciyarwa ba, kawo kayayyaki zuwa wurin rabarwa don jigilar kaya kai tsaye, da fifita ayyukan kai tsaye. Wani jami'in NMA ya ce a shekara ta  1989 "ci gaban aiyukan samar da abinci ba daidai ba ne da ci gaban maratata na yankin". A cewar UNCTAD, layukan sun fi dacewa da sabis na abincin, kuma yin watsi da wannan hanyar na iya haifar da ajalinsu. 

Dependence on foreign shippers, who were carrying over 80% of cargo by 1992, made the country vulnerable. When the NMA attempted to impose a dock charge of $0.25 per metric tonne of crude oil loaded in Nigerian ports and oil terminals, the shipping companies threatened to go elsewhere, saying the charge would make Nigerian oil uncompetitive. The NMA had no choice but to suspend the fee.
The NMA charges on shipping lines that called into Nigerian ports were increased in 2003, with a surcharge being added to taxes on all Nigerian freights. In December shekara ta  2004, based on recommendations from the World Bank, the government announced that all NMA charges would be scrapped as of January shekara ta 2005. There were delays in implementing the change.

A tsakanin lokacin tsakanin shekara ta 1987 zuwa shekara ta 1992 ma'aikatan NMA sun hada da wasu kwararru, galibi masanan tattalin arziki. Koyaya, yawancin ma'aikata basu da ƙwarewa a cikin masana'antar jigilar kaya amma an ɗauke su aiki saboda haɗin su. A sakamakon haka, NMA ba ta da tasiri shekara ta sosai. A wani taron karawa juna sani na shekara ta 1991 NMA an ce ba shi da inganci da rashawa. Aya daga cikin mawuyacin hali shine NMA "mataccen kare ne, amma mai haɗari, saboda yana tsotse jini ta hanyar karɓar kuɗi a cikin tsabar kuɗi don ayyukan da ba a yi ba".  A cikin shekara ta 1980s da shekara ta 1990s Hukumar Kula da Ruwa ta Kasa ta gudanar da Gidauniyar Samun Jirgin Ruwa da Kudin Gina Jirgin Ruwa, inda ta ba da rancen kudi da aka shirya don karfafa ikon mallakar jiragen ruwa daga 'yan Najeriya. An yi amfani da wasu rancen don wannan dalilin, yayin da aka karkatar da yawancin kudaden zuwa wasu amfani da 'yan siyasa, abokai na mulkin soja da "masu jiragen jakar kaya". An dakatar da asusun a ƙarshen shekarun 1990, amma yawancin kuɗin ba a sake dawo dasu ba. 

A shekara ta  2003, Najeriya ta bayar da dala miliyan 25 kacal don bunkasa harkar jigilar kayayyaki, kadan kadan idan aka yi la’akari da girman kasar.  Da yake rubutu a shekara ta 2004, Ayodeji Olukoju ya ce "A zahiri, duka 'yan kasuwa na asali da kuma Hukumar Kula da Ruwa ta Kasa suna taka rawar rawar masu karbar haya. kawai sun mayar da ita tukunyar zuma ce da gwamnatocin da suka gabata da wakilansu suka wawashe ". 

A shekarar 2020, Hukumar Yaki da Yiwa Tattalin Arziki Tu'annati (EFCC)  gurfanar da Amosu, tare da Air Vice Marshall Jacobs Adigun, wani tsohon shugaban asusun ajiyar kudi da kasafin kudi, da Air Commodore Owodunni Olugbenga, tsohon Daraktan Kudi da Kasafin Kudi na NAF. rawar da ake zargin su da shi wajen karkatar da akalar amfani da kusan N21billion mallakar NAF. Suna fuskantar gyara tuhume-tuhume 13 wanda suka amsa "ba laifi ba".

## Ayyukan NIMASA
An kirkiro NIMASA ne a ranar 1 ga watan Agusta shekara ta 2006 lokacin da aka haɗu da Hukumar Kula da Tashar Ruwa ta withasa da theungiyar Hadin Gwiwar Masana'antu ta Maritime. Dukansu tsofaffin ma’aikata ne na Ma’aikatar Sufuri ta Tarayya.  A karkashin dokar da ta kafa NIMASA, kashi 5% na kudin shiga shekara-shekara zai tallafawa Makarantar Maritime Academy of Nigeria (MAN) kuma kashi 35% na kudin shiga za a yi amfani da shi ne wajen bunkasa kayayyakin masarufin teku.  Hukumar ta samar da kudade ga MAN don aikin jirgi da jirgin ruwa. A watan Disambar shekara ta 2009 hukumar ta ce tana kafa wani asusu wanda zai dauki kashi 40% na kudin karatun jirgi, inda dalibin ke da alhakin ragowar. 

A watan Yunin shekara ta  2010 an tabbatar da cewa NIMASA na karfafawa ‘yan Nijeriya gwiwa don su shigo cikin harkar sufurin jiragen ruwa. Hukumar tana aiwatar da umarnin cewa duk masu safarar jiragen ruwa da ke sana'ar kwalliya, walau 'yan Najeriya ko na kasashen waje, dole ne su kasance masu horar da' yan Najeriyar a cikin jirgin don su samu gogewar lokaci. Koyaya, har yanzu akwai ƙarancin ƙarancin horarrun matuƙan jirgin ruwa.  Ya zuwa shekara ta  2011 hukumar ta ci gaba da kashe makudan kudade wajen horar da 'yan Najeriya a Indiya, Glasgow da Misira saboda MAN ba shi da ikon bayar da cikakken horo. Wani shiri da gwamnati tayi na bude sabbin cibiyoyin horaswa yana shan suka, tunda da alama ba zasu iya aiki kamar na MAN ba. 

A watan Mayu na shekara ta  2011 NIMASA ta shiga tsakani tsakanin Kungiyar Masu Kula da Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Najeriya da Kungiyar Ma’aikatan Jirgin Ruwa na Najeriya, wadanda ke neman a kara albashi da tsarin aiki.  NIMASA ta shiga cikin muhawarar kan shawarar samar da Hukumar Kula da Tsaro ta Ruwa (MASECA) a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Kwamitin Aiwatar da Shugaban Kasa kan Tsaro da Tsaron Ruwa (PICOMSS). Manufar ita ce ta samar da babbar kariya ga jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci daga hauhawar matakan satar fasaha. Koyaya, NIMASA da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun damu da cewa MASECA na iya yin rikici da Yarjejeniyar Duniya ta Tsaron Rayuwa a Tekun, wadda ba ta ba da izinin jiragen ruwan kasuwanci su kasance da makamai.  Wannan aikin na MASECA ya kasance kamar yana cikin rikici da aikin kafa NIMASA. 

A watan Yunin shekarar 2011 hukumar ta daukaka sama da kashi 60% na ma’aikatanta, gami da kananan ma’aikata 135 wadanda aka ciyar da su zuwa matakan aji na gaba, da kuma manyan ma’aikata 536.  Hakanan a cikin Yunin shekara ta 2011, an sanar da cewa NIMASA za ta yi aiki a matsayin hukuma ta amincewa da kuma garanti ga masu cin gajiyar wani sabon Asusun Kudin Jirgin Ruwa na Kaya, wanda a wannan karon bankuna ke gudanar da shi, inda zai maye gurbin tsohon Jirgin Ruwa da Kudin Jirgin Ruwa. 

A ranar 28 ga Nuwamba Nuwamba shekara ta 2020, NIMASA ta ba da izinin ɗabinta na e-library na farko-farko don cike Gibin Ilimi a cikin masana'antar.  

## Shugabanci
Dokta Bassey U. Ekong shi ne Babban Darakta a shekara ta 1988.  Darakta Janar Alhaji Munir Jafar 'an maye gurbinsa da Buba Galadima, wanda shi ne Darakta Janar na NMA daga shekara ta 1996 zuwa shekara ta  1998.  An ce Galadima ya karkatar da kudade daga NMA zuwa yakin neman zaben Janar Sani Abacha . John Egesi, masanin tattalin arzikin ruwa ya gaje shi.  Egesi, wanda aka ciyar da shi daga cikin kungiyar, an kore shi bayan watanni uku kawai saboda rikice-rikice na ciki. 

An nada Dokta George Mbanefo Eneh a matsayin Darakta-Janar na Hukumar Kula da Zirga-Zirgar Ruwa ta  Eneh, masanin harkokin sufuri na Bankin Duniya, an bi shi bayan shekara guda daga Architect Ferdinand Agu.  Agu ya yi aiki na tsawon shekaru hudu, an sake nada shi a wa’adi na biyu a lokacin Abiye Sekibo a matsayin Ministan Sufuri. An kore shi a cikin Disamba 2005.  An maye gurbin Agu da Injiniya Festus Ugwu, wanda Misis Mfon Usoro, Lauyan Lauya a kan Ruwa.  Dokta Shamsideen Adegboyega Dosunmu ne ya gaje shi, wanda ya yi PhD a cikin Gudanar da Harkokin Jama'a, kuma an nada shi a watan Mayu 2007. Dosunmu ya samu karin girma daga aikin Babban Darakta, Kudi da Gudanarwa na NIMASA.   ya bi shi Temisan Omatseye, Lauyan Lauyan Ruwa. 

A shekara ta 2009, Shugaba Umaru Musa Yaradua ya nada Sanata Baba Tela a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar NIMASA. 

A ƙarshen shekara ta  2010 Ministan Sufuri, Yusuf Sulaiman, ya gudanar da bincike a cikin hukumar. An gabatar da tuhumar almubazzaranci da rashawa a kan Darakta Janar na hukumar, Temisanren Omatseye.  A ranar 24 ga Nuwamban shekara ta  2010 Hukumar da ke Yaki da Tattalin Arziki da Tattalin Arziki ta damke Omatseye.  Mohammed Kabiru Shehu, Daraktan Sayen kaya da Jarma Bulama, Daraktan Kudi an dakatar da su daga ofis, amma an sake tuna su a watan Yunin 2011. 

Ya zuwa watan Yunin 2011 Shugaban Hukumar ya kasance Alhaji Adamu Mu'Azu, kuma Babban Darakta kuma Babban Darakta shi ne Zaikede Patrick Akpobolokemi.  Akpobolokemi Shugaba Goodluck Jonathan ya nada shi a ranar 22 ga Disambar 2010.  Ya kasance malami a Jami’ar Neja Delta kafin a nada shi ya gaji Omatseye.   An kori Akpobolokemi a ranar 16 ga Yulin 2015 sannan daga baya Hukumar Yaki da Tattalin Arziki da Tattalin Arziki (EFCC) ta kama shi.

Dr. Dakuku Adolphus Peterside ya fara aiki a matsayin Darakta Janar / Darakta na Hukumar Kula da Tattalin Arzikin Najeriyar (NIMASA) a ranar Talata 15 ga Maris, 2016.  Nadin ya fara aiki ne daga 10 ga Maris din shekara ta 2016.

A ranar 26 ga Agusta, shekara ta 2016, Shugaban Najeriya Janar Muhammadu Buhari ya nada Janar Jonathan India Garba a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar na NIMASA. 

A ranar 4 ga Maris, shekara ta 2020, Shugaba Muhammadu Buhari ya amince da nadin Bashir Jamoh a matsayin Darakta-Janar na Hukumar Kula da Tattalin Arzikin Najeriya (NIMASA).  Jamoh a yanzu shine Babban Daraktan Kudi da Gudanarwa kuma zai maye gurbin Dakuku Peterside wanda aikinsa a matsayin NIMASA DG zai kare a ranar 10 ga Maris, shekara ta 2020.

## Manazarta

## Majiya
 
| title = The Guardian https://m.guardian.ng/news/buhari-appoints-jamoh-to-replace-peterside-as-nimasa-dg/

## Duba kuma

* Hukumar Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta Najeriya