Inshorar lafiya na Indiya

Inshorar kiwon lafiya a Indiya wani bangare ne mai girma na Tattalin arzikin Indiya. Tsarin kiwon lafiya na Indiya yana daya daga cikin mafi girma a duniya, tare da yawan mutanen da ya damu: kusan masu cin gajiyar biliyan 1.3. Masana'antar kiwon lafiya a Indiya ta zama daya daga cikin manyan bangarori a kasar dangane da samun kudin shiga da samar da aiki. A cikin 2018, gidaje miliyan ɗari na Indiya (mutane miliyan 500) suna amfana daga kiwon lafiya. A cikin shekara ta 2011, an kashe kashi 3.9%  na Babban kayan cikin gida na Indiya a bangaren kiwon lafiya.

Ana samun manufofi waɗanda ke ba da murfin mutum da na iyali. Daga cikin wannan 3.9%, inshorar kiwon lafiya tana da asusun 5-10% na kashewa, ma'aikata suna da asusun kusan 9% yayin da kashe-kashe na mutum ya kai 82% mai ban mamaki. A cikin shekara ta 2016, NSSO ta fitar da rahoton "Masu Bayani na Amfani da Jama'a a Indiya: Lafiya" bisa ga zagaye na 71 na binciken. Binciken da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2014 ya gano cewa, fiye da 80% na Indiyawa ba a rufe su a ƙarƙashin wani shirin inshora na kiwon lafiya ba, kuma kawai 18% (gwamnati ta ba da kuɗin 12%) na yawan mutanen birane da 14% (gwamnatin ta ba da kuɗi 13%) na yawan karkara an rufe su a karkashin kowane nau'in inshora na lafiya.

Kudaden kula da lafiyar jama'a na Indiya sun yi ƙasa da na sauran ƙasashe masu matsakaicin ra'ayi.  A shekarar 2012, sun kai kashi 4% na GDP, wanda ya kai rabin na kasar Sin da kashi 5.1%.  Dangane da kashe kuɗin lafiyar jama'a ga kowane mutum, Indiya tana matsayi na 184 a cikin ƙasashe 191 a cikin 2012. Ragowar farashin marasa lafiya yana wakiltar kusan kashi 58% na jimlar.  A matsakaita, ragowar kudin da talakawa ke kashewa sakamakon kwantar da su a asibiti ya kai kashi 140% na kudin shigarsu na shekara a yankunan karkara da kashi 90% a birane.

## Tarihi
An ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 1986, [1] masana'antar inshorar kiwon lafiya ta haɓaka sosai musamman saboda sassaucin ra'ayi na tattalin arziki da wayar da kan jama'a.  A cewar Bankin Duniya, ya zuwa shekarar 2010, fiye da kashi 25% na al'ummar Indiya sun sami wani nau'i na inshorar lafiya.  Akwai masu inshorar lafiya masu zaman kansu tare da masu ba da inshorar kiwon lafiya na gwamnati.  Har zuwa kwanan nan, don inganta wayar da kan jama'a tare da rage jinkirin sayen inshorar lafiya, Babban Kamfanin Inshora na Indiya da Hukumar Kula da Inshorar Inshora (IRDAI) sun kaddamar da wani gangami na wayar da kan jama'a ga kowane bangare na jama'a..

## Nau'o'in manufofi
Sashin inshorar lafiya yana kusa da 10% a cikin lissafin yawa. Indiya ƙasa ce da ke da ɗayan mafi ƙarancin shigar da inshora na kiwon lafiya, tare da kashi 18% kawai na mutane a cikin birane da kashi 14% a cikin yankunan karkara da aka rufe a ƙarƙashin kowane irin tsarin inshora na lafiya. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan dalilan ƙarancin shiga da ɗaukar inshorar kiwon lafiya shine rashin gasa a cikin ɓangaren. IRDAI wanda ke da alhakin manufofin inshora a Indiya na iya ƙirƙirar da'irorin kiwon lafiya, kama da da'irori na sadarwa don inganta gasa.

* **Farashin manufofi**: Kamfanonin inshora suna ba da inshora na kiwon lafiya daga adadin inshora na ₹,000  don manufofin inshora na micro zuwa mafi girman adadin inshora ya ₹5 miliyan  da sama. Manufofin inshora na yau da kullun don inshorar kiwon lafiya yawanci suna samuwa daga ₹ 100,000 (US $ 1,200) zuwa ₹ 500,000 .

A karkashin Sashe na 80D na Dokar Haraji mutumin da ke da inshora wanda ke fitar da manufofin na iya da'awar rage haraji.

Nau'ikan tsare-tsaren inshorar kiwon lafiya waɗanda suka cancanci cirewa a ƙarƙashin wannan ɓangaren sune manufofin inshorar kifin lafiya na mutum, masu hawa na iyali, shirye-shiryen sama, manyan shirye-shirye, da manufofin kuɗin asibiti. Bugu da ƙari, zaku iya samun raguwar haraji don inshorar rashin lafiya mai tsanani, inshorar ciwon daji, mahayan kiwon lafiya a rayuwa, mahayan rashin lafiya mai mahimmanci, mahayan asibiti, da mahayan kulawa.

## Kudin kiwon lafiya
A cewar Huffington Post, likitoci sun yi magana game da matsalolin da ke tattare da "asibitocin kamfanoni" da kuma manyan likitocin da aka gaya musu su sayar da tiyata ga marasa lafiya koda kuwa ba a buƙata su ba. A wani misali, an gaya wa likita cewa za a kore shi idan ba shi da isasshen marasa lafiya don yin aiki. Yawancin asibitoci masu zaman kansu na Indiya, masu riba suna biyan farashi mai yawa don ayyukan kiwon lafiya da kayan aiki, wanda ya sanya damuwa ga kudaden jama'a na kasar.

## Dubi kuma

* Inshorar lafiya a Amurka
* Inshorar lafiya a Amurka
* Dokar Kula da Inshorar Lafiya da Alhakin
* Katin Inshorar Lafiya na Turai
* Inshorar lafiya a kasar Sin
* Dokar inshorar lafiya
* Kula da lafiyar duniya
* Kula da lafiya mai biyan kuɗi ɗaya
* Jerin ƙasashe masu kula da lafiyar duniya

## Manazarta