Natalya Estemirova

**Natalya Khusainovna Estemirova** (Russian; 28 littafin 1958 - 15 Yuli 2009) ta kasance Mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam ta Rasha kuma memba na kungiyar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Rasha Memorial . Mutane da ba a san su ba sun sace Estemirova a ranar 15 ga Yulin 2009 da misalin karfe 8:30 na safe daga gidanta a Grozny, Chechnya, yayin da take aiki a kan shari'o'in cin damar bil'adama a Chechnya. Shaidu biyu sun ce sun ga an tura Estemirova cikin mota tana ihun cewa ana sace ta. An gano gawarwakinta da raunukan harsashi a kai da kuma yankin kirji da karfe 4:30 na yamma. a cikin daji mai nisan mita 100 (330 ft) daga titin tarayya "Kavkaz" kusa da ƙauyen Gazi-Yurt, Ingushetia. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife ta ne a Kamyshlov, Sverdlovsk Oblast ga iyayen Rasha da Chechen, Estemirova ta kammala karatu tare da digiri na tarihi daga Jami'ar Grozny kuma ta koyar da tarihi a makarantar sakandare ta gida har zuwa 1998. A shekara ta 1991, ta yi aiki a matsayin wakilin jaridu na gida The Voice da The Worker of Grozny .  Yayinda take aiki a talabijin a Grozny, ta yi fim din gajerun shirye-shirye goma sha uku game da wadanda ke fama da ayyukan azabtarwa na Rasha. Ta shiga cikin Kungiyar Fursunoni a matsayin sakatariyar manema labarai. Gwauruwar wani dan sanda na Chechnya, ta tattara shaidu game da take hakkin dan adam tun farkon Yaƙin Chechnya na Biyu a 1999, ta bar 'yarta a Yekaterinburg tare da dangi. A shekara ta 2000, ta zama wakilin Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Tunawa a garinsu Grozny .  Ta ziyarci asibitoci da yawa a Chechnya da Ingushetia, tana ɗaukar daruruwan hotunan yara da aka kashe a yakin.

Estemirova ta kasance mai ba da gudummawa akai-akai ga jaridar Moscow mai zaman kanta Novaya Gazeta da gidan yanar gizon labarai na Caucasus Kavkazsky Uzel. 

Estemirova ta sami lambar yabo ta Right Livelihood a matsayin wakilin Tunawa a wani bikin a cikin ginin Majalisar dokokin Sweden a shekara ta 2004. Tare da Sergey Kovalyov, shugaban Memorial, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Robert Schuman ta kungiyar European People's Party a shekara ta 2005.  A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2007, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Anna Politkovskaya ta farko, don girmama mata masu jaruntaka masu kare hakkin dan adam daga yaki da rikici, wadanda ke magana ga wadanda abin ya shafa, sau da yawa a cikin babban haɗari. Ana gabatar da lambar yabo ta Anna Politkovskaya a kowace shekara don girmama ƙwaƙwalwar ɗan jaridar bincike ta Rasha Anna Politkovskaaya a ranar tunawa da kisan ta a ranar 7 ga Oktoba 2006, ta hanyar Reach All Women in War (RAW), ƙungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta duniya da ke tallafawa mata masu kare hakkin dan Adam a yankunan yaki da rikici. Estemirova ta yi aiki tare da 'yar jarida mai bincike Anna Politkovskaya da lauyan kare hakkin dan adam Stanislav Markelov, dukansu biyu an kashe su, a cikin 2006 da 2009, bi da bi.&nbsp;

## Kashewa
An sace Estemirova a ranar 15 ga Yuli 2009 daga gidanta da ke Grozny, Chechnya. A cewar Tanya Lokshina na ofishin Human Rights Watch na Moscow, wasu da ba a san ko su waye ba ne suka sace Estemirova kusa da gidanta da ke Grozny da misalin karfe 8:30 na safe. Shaidu biyu sun ce sun ga yadda aka tura Estemirova cikin mota tana ihun cewa ana sace ta. Lokshina ta ce an yi garkuwa da Estemirova ne a lokacin da take aiki kan batun take hakkin dan Adam a Chechnya. Lokshina ta ce an yi mata hari ne saboda ayyukanta na kwararru. Human Rights Watch ta bukaci Kremlin da Ramzan Kadyrov cewa a mayar da Estemirova gida lafiya.&nbsp;

Vladimir Markin, sakataren yada labarai na kwamitin bincike na babban mai gabatar da kara na Rasha, ya ce an gano gawar wata mata da aka samu raunuka a kai da kirji da karfe 4:30 na yamma. a cikin daji mai nisan mita 100 daga titin tarayya "Kavkaz" kusa da ƙauyen Gazi-Yurt, Ingushetia. Masu bincike sun gano abubuwa na Estemirova a cikin jakar matar. Wadannan abubuwa fasfo ne, ID na Chechnya kwararre na Kwamishinan Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na Rasha da kuma umarnin kwamitin jama'a na kula da gidan yari.&nbsp;&nbsp;

## jana'izar
An binne Estemirova kamar yadda addinin Musulunci ya tanada kafin faduwar rana a ranar Alhamis, a wata makabarta a kauyen kakaninta, Koshkeldy, a gundumar Gudermes ta Chechnya".

Kimanin mutane 150 ne suka halarci wani gangami da aka gudanar a dandalin Pushkin na birnin Moscow kimanin kwanaki tara bayan kisan, bisa al'adar Orthodox na Rasha. Bayan mutane ashirin sun tafi, 'yan sanda sun kama wanda ya shirya taron, Viktor Sotirko na Memorial. An tsare shi na tsawon sa’o’i biyu ana tuhumarsa da kawo cikas ga zaman lafiya. ‘Yan sanda sun ce mutane 30 ne kawai aka sanya wa takunkumi don halartar taron, amma wasu da yawa sun hallara.

## Amsa
Wakilin BBC Rupert Wingfield-Hayes, wanda ke zaune a Moscow, ya ruwaito cewa Estemirova ta tsunduma cikin "aiki mai matukar muhimmanci kuma mai hatsarin gaske", yana binciken daruruwan shari'o'in da ake zargin satar mutane, da azabtarwa da kuma kisan gilla da sojojin gwamnatin Rasha ko 'yan sanda suka yi a Chechnya. 

Shugaban Rasha Dmitri Medvedev ya nuna "fushi" game da kisan kuma ya ba da umarnin bincike na sama. Da yake magana a Jamus a lokacin jana'izarta, ya ba ta yabo kuma ya sake yin alkawarin cikakken bincike. Ya ce "a bayyane" a gare shi cewa kisan ta yana da alaƙa da aikinta na sana'a.

Memorial claimed that "state terror" was to blame, calling the killing an "extrajudicial execution" by government-backed death squads. Memorial's chairman Oleg Orlov said that Ramzan Kadyrov threatened Natalya and that Russian president Medvedev was content with Kadyrov being a murderer. Orlov said in a statement: "I know, I am sure who is guilty of Natalya Estemirova's murder, we all know him. His name is Ramzan Kadyrov." According to Orlov, shortly before the murder Kadyrov made an open threat to her by saying: "Yes, my hands are up to the elbows in  blood. And I am not ashamed of that. I killed and will kill bad people". Kadyrov denied any involvement and promised to investigate the killing personally. He condemned the killers, saying they "must be punished as the cruelest of criminals". It was later reported that in response to Orlov's accusation, Kadyrov would be suing the rights group for defamation, and would target Orlov personally in the complaint. Nurdi Nukhazhiyev, Chechen human rights ombudsman, called Orlov's accusation "groundless and ludicrous".

A cikin Janairu 2010, Ramzan Kadyrov, a cikin wata hira da Rasha Today ya zargi Boris Berezovsky da kashe Estemirova. Duk da cewa yana da yakinin cewa za a magance laifin, ya ce har zuwa wannan ranar ba a samu ba: 

Medvedev ya mayar da martani ga zargin, yana mai cewa lokacin da aka aikata laifin, kwana daya kafin tafiyarsa zuwa Jamus don tattaunawa da shugabar gwamnati Angela Merkel, tsokanar da aka yi niyyar haifar da "mafi fitattun ka'idoji da kuma wadanda ba su yarda da jihar ba". Merkel ta ce ta nuna bacin ranta game da kisan a tattaunawarta da Medvedev "kuma ta bayyana a fili cewa dole ne a yi komai don warware wannan laifi".

Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Ban Ki-moon ya ce ya "tsoro da bakin ciki" da kisan Estemirova. Mai magana da yawun Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Marie Okabe ta bayyana cewa Ban "ya bukaci hukumomin Rasha da su gudanar da bincike mai zurfi da rashin son kai don kawo wadanda suka aikata wannan mummunan kisan kai ga adalci, kuma ta hanyar yin hakan, su aika da sako mai karfi da rashin tabbas cewa ba za a yarda da kai farmaki ga masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam ba". Shugaban Kungiyar EPP a Majalisar Tarayyar Turai, Joseph Daul, ya yi Allah wadai da masu aikata laifin kuma ya yi kira ga bincike da kuma gabatar da masu aikata laifuka a gaban shari'a.

Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam da ke Sweden mai suna Civil Rights Defenders ta sanya sunan Natalia Project bayan Estemirova. Aikin Natalia wani tsarin ƙararrawa ne da tsarin sakawa ga masu kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da ke cikin haɗari.

## Bincike
A watan Fabrairun 2010, wata majiya da ba a bayyana sunanta ba a cikin ƙungiyoyin tilasta bin doka na Rasha sun yi iƙirarin cewa masu binciken sun san wanda ya kashe Estemirova. Duk da haka, ba a kama wanda ya yi kisan ba, kuma ba a gano wanda ya shirya laifin ba.

'Yan jarida na *Novaya Gazeta* tare da kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam Memorial da Tarayyar Kasa da Kasa don Kare Hakkin Dan Adam suna gudanar da nasu bincike, suna kuma sa ido kan binciken hukuma. A cewar su, babban labarin masu binciken hukuma shine cewa 'yan tawaye Alkhazur Bashayev ne ya kashe Estemirova, memba na Jamaat a ƙauyen Chechen na Shalazhy (Shalaжи). A ranar 15 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2010, yayin bincike a gidan Alkhazur Bashayev, masu binciken sun sami babban tarin makamai, gami da bindigar da aka yi amfani da ita don kashe Estemirova da kuma id na 'yan sanda na karya tare da hoton Bashayev. A ranar 7 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2010, sun sami motar VAZ-2107 da aka watsar da ita wacce aka gano a matsayin motar da Bashayev ya saya. A cikin motar, sun sami mai hanawa da aka yi da kayan aiki iri ɗaya kamar yadda aka samu a wurin aikata laifuka. Yankunan shuke-shuke da aka samu a kan dakatarwa a kan mota sun yi kama da shuke- shuke-tsire da aka samu yayin aikata laifuka.&nbsp;&nbsp;

A cewar jami'an binciken, Bashayev yana kokarin bata sunan Kadyrov da shugabancin Jamhuriyar Chechnya, kuma watakila ya ji haushi da wallafe-wallafen Estemirova inda ta yi zargin cewa Bashayev yana daukar ma'aikata a kungiyar 'yan tawaye ba tare da adawa da jami'ai ba kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kasance wakili ga Kadyrovtsy.

Bisa ga bayanin hukuma, a ranar 13 Nuwamba 2009, an kashe Bashayev ta hanyar wani hari ta sama a wani samame na musamman da Adam Delimkhanov ya jagoranta. &nbsp;

'Yan jaridar Novaya Gazeta da masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama sun ki yarda da shawarar da masu binciken suka yi, kuma suna zargin wata babbar rufa-rufa: 

* Binciken DNA na kayan da aka samu a wurin aikata laifuka bai dace da Alkhazur Bashayev ko danginsa ba.
* Dangantaka tsakanin Bashayev da jami'in Kadyrovtsy suna da shakku sosai.
* Ba a tabbatar da kisan Bashayev ba. Yana yiwuwa cewa yana da rai kuma bayanan mutuwarsa sun kasance a ɓoye.
* Wataƙila an sanya bindigar a cikin gidan Bashayev bayan mutuwar Bashayev.

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin 'yan jarida da aka kashe a Rasha
* 'Yanci na' yan jarida a Rasha
* 'Yanci na kafofin watsa labarai a Rasha
* Mafia ta Rasha

## Bayanan da aka ambata