open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Tantance aiki

Project Censored kungiya ce mai kula da kafofin watsa labarai ba tare da riba ba a Amurka. Manufar kungiyar ita ce " ilimantar da dalibai da jama'a game da muhimmancin 'yan jarida masu' yanci na gaske ga mulkin mallaka na dimokuradiyya".

Project Censored yana samar da littafi na shekara-shekara da shirin rediyo na mako-mako. Dukkanin littattafan shekara-shekara da shirye-shiryen rediyo na mako-mako, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru na jama'a da aikin ke tallafawa, suna mai da hankali kan batutuwan tantancewa labarai, farfaganda, 'yancin magana, da ilimin kafofin watsa labarai. Littattafan da suka gabata na littafin shekara-shekara an buga su ne ta hanyar Seven Stories Press. 

An kafa Project Censored a Jami'ar Jihar Sonoma a 1976 ta hanyar Carl Jensen (1929-2015).  Tun daga shekara ta 2010, Mickey Huff ya kasance darektan kungiyar. Gidauniyar 'Yancin Labarai ce ke tallafawa, kungiya mai zaman kanta ta 501 (c) (3), wacce aka kafa a shekarar 2000. Kungiyar tana zaune ne a Ithaca, New York.

## Tarihi
Project Censored an kafa shi ne a cikin 1976 ta hanyar Carl Jensen, Mataimakin Farfesa na Nazarin Media a Kwalejin Jihar Sonoma, a matsayin shirin bincike na kafofin watsa labarai. Aikin ya mayar da hankali kan ilimin kafofin watsa labarai na dalibai da ƙwarewar tunani mai mahimmanci, tare da kulawa ta musamman ga batutuwan tantancewa ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai a Amurka.

In A cikin 2000, Project Censored ya zo ne a ƙarƙashin kulawar Media Freedom Foundation, wanda Jensen da Phillips suka kafa, don tabbatar da 'yancin kai. A cikin shekara ta 2007, alƙalai biyu da aka tantance aikin sun yi murabus a kan shawarar da darektan Peter Phillips ya yanke na gayyatar Steven E. Jones, mai ba da shawara game da makircin gaskiya na 9/11, a matsayin babban mai magana a taron shekara-shekara na aikin., Pre.

## Ayyuka

### Littattafai
Tun daga shekara ta 1993, Project Censored ya buga jerin labaran da ba a bayar da rahoto ba a cikin littafi. Tun daga shekara ta 1996, Seven Stories Press a New York ta buga kowane littafi na shekara-shekara. Littafin shekara-shekara na farko na Project Censored, Censored: Labarin da bai Yi Labari ba - Da Me ya sa, wanda Carl Jensen ya shirya, Shelburne Press ne ya buga shi a 1993.  Littattafai biyu na gaba, littattafan shekara na 1994 da 1995, an buga su ne ta hanyar Four Walls Eight Windows. Daga 2022 zuwa 2025, littattafan shekara-shekara an buga su tare da Seven Stories Press da Project Censored's publishing imprint, The Censored Press. Littafin shekara na 2026 za a buga shi ne kawai ta hanyar The Censored Press.
## Manazarta
Louise Emanuel

**Louise Emanuel** an haife ta a ranar 10 ga watan Disamba a shekarar 1953 ta mutu a ranar 7 ga watan Mayun shekarar 2017) majagaba ce mai ilimin halin ɗan adam wadda ya haɓaka sabbin hanyoyin shiga duniyar ciki na 'yan ƙasa da shekaru biyar.

## Manazarta
Mohamed Adhikari

**Mohammed Adhikari** Masanin tarihi Muhammad Adhikari farfesa ne a tarihi kuma marubucin littafai da yawa kan nau'ukan launi da siyasa a Afirka ta Kudu da kuma kan 'yan mulkin mallaka da kisan kare dangi. Fahimtar Bayanan Gaskiya, Cibiyoyin ... Farfesa ne a Jami'ar Cape Town. An haife shi a Cape Town a 1953, ya yi digiri na biyu daga Harold Cressy High School a 1971, kuma ya sami digiri na farko a Jami'ar Cape Town a 1980.[1] Ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na hukumar sadarwa ta kasa da kasa na malaman kisan kare dangi.[2]

## Manazarta
Alan Permane

Alan Permane (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1967) masanin injiniya ne na Formula One na Burtaniya. Shi ne shugaban kungiyar Racing Bulls na yanzu tun 2025. A baya, ya yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Wasanni, Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa, Babban Injiniyan Race na Alpine F1 Team / Renault F1 Team da Darakta Racing 

## Ayyuka
Permane ya fara aikinsa a wasan motsa jiki a shekarar 1989 a matsayin injiniyan gwajin lantarki na ƙungiyar Benetton F1. An ci gaba da shi zuwa ƙaramin injiniyan tseren a shekara ta 1996, yana aiki tare da Jean Alesi, [1] sannan daga baya ya zama injiniyan tsere daga 1997 zuwa 2006 don kayan Enstone yayin da ƙungiyar ta zama Renault F1, direbobi na injiniya kamar Jarno Trulli da Giancarlo Fisichella. [2] A shekara ta 2007 ya zama babban injiniyan tseren Renault F1 kuma a shekara ta 2011 Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa. [3][4][5] A shekara ta 2012 Permane ya zama Daraktan Wasanni na tawagar sannan ya kira Lotus F1 matsayin da ya riƙe yayin da tawagar ta koma Renault F1 sannan kuma zuwa Alpine F1 Team. A ranar 28 ga watan Yulin 2023, kungiyar ta saki Permane kuma lokacinsa tare da Alpine ya ƙare bayan Grand Prix na Belgium. [6][7]

An sanar da Permane don shiga Visa Cash App RB F1 Team a farkon 2024 a matsayin darektan tseren. An nada shi a matsayin Babban Jami'in Team a tsakiyar kakar 2025, biyo bayan korar Christian Horner daga Oracle Red Bull Racing (babban kungiyar Red Bull) da kuma ci gaba da ci gaba da jagoran kungiyar Racing Bulls Laurent Mekies zuwa babbar kungiyar.

## Manazarta
Katherine Brading

**Katherine Astrid Brading** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1970)  masanin falsafa ce ta kimiyya kuma masanin tarihin kimiyya wanda ayyukansa sun shafi kimiyyar lissafi, daidaituwa, da Emilie du Châtelet . Ta yi karatu a Ingila, tana aiki a Amurka a matsayin farfesa a fannin falsafa a Jami'ar Duke .

## Ilimi
Brading ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi da falsafar daga Kwalejin King ta London a shekarar 1992.  Ta kammala digirin digirin digirinta (D.Phil.) a Kwalejin St Hugh, Oxford a shekara ta 2001, tare da rubutun *Symmetries, dokokin kiyayewa, da matsalar bambancin Noether*.

A shekara ta 2017 ta ƙaura daga matsayi a matsayin farfesa na falsafar a Jami'ar Notre Dame zuwa matsayinta na yanzu a Jami'an Duke .  Tun daga shekara ta 2022 ta shugabanci Sashen Falsafa a Duke . 

## Littattafai

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Shafin farko
Zak Calisto

Zak Calisto Attajirin dan kasuwa na Afirka ta Kudu Zak Calisto (an haife shi a shekara ta 1966 ko 1967) hamshakin attajirin nan ne na Afirka ta Kudu. Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaba na Cartrack da Karoooooo.[1] Gaskiya mai sauri Haihuwa, Ƙasar ... An haifi Calisto a Portugal, kuma ya girma a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Portugal na Mozambique, inda mahaifinsa jami'in gwamnati ne.[2] A cikin 2001, Calisto ya kafa Cartrack, software azaman sabis (SaaS) dandamalin bin diddigin abin hawa.[3] A cikin 2014, an jera Cartrack akan JSE, kuma a cikin 2021 an sake sabunta kamfanin riƙon kuma aka dogara da JSE azaman Karooooo.[1]

## Manazarta
Shirin Bayyana Labarai

The News Literacy Project (**NLP**) wata kungiya ce ta Amurka mai zaman kanta, wacce ke zaune a Washington, DC, wacce ke ba da albarkatu ga malamai, dalibai, da jama'a don taimaka musu su koyi gano bayanai masu inganci, gane bayanan da ba daidai ba, da kuma tantance abin da za su iya amincewa, rabawa, da kuma yin aiki. Alan C. Miller ne ya kafa shi a shekara ta 2008, mai ba da rahoto mai bincike wanda ya lashe kyautar Pulitzer  a ofishin *[[Los Angeles Times]]* Washington.

A matsayin horo na ilimi, ana ɗaukar ilimin labarai a matsayin ɓangaren ilimin kafofin watsa labarai da ilimin bayanai. Ƙungiyar Jarida ta Matasa ta Ƙungiyar Amirka ta Ƙididdigar Matasa ta bayyana ilimin labarai a matsayin "samun ƙarni na 21, ƙwarewar tunani mai mahimmanci don nazarin da yin hukunci game da amincin labarai da bayanai, bambance-bambance tsakanin gaskiyar, ra'ayoyi da maganganu a cikin kafofin watsa labarai da muke amfani da su, ƙirƙirar da rarraba. Ana iya koyar da shi yadda ya kamata a cikin tsarin karatun giciye, tsarin bincike a duk matakan digiri. Yana da wani bangare mai mahimmanci don karatu da rubutu a cikin al'umma ta zamani. ”

## Tarihi
shekara ta 2006, an gayyaci Miller ya gaya wa dalibai 175 na aji na shida a makarantar sakandare ta 'yarsa a Bethesda, Maryland, abin da ya yi a matsayin ɗan jarida da kuma dalilin da ya sa yake da muhimmanci. Lokacin da daliban suka amsa da rubuce-rubucen godiya 175, sai ya fara tunani game da tasirin da 'yan jarida da yawa zasu iya samu idan sun raba kwarewarsu da gogewa a cikin aji a duk faɗin ƙasar 2y.

## Kwamitin NLP
Mambobin kwamitin daraktocin NLP suna da asali a aikin jarida, sadarwa, ilimi, fasaha, da kuma taimakon jama'a. Shugaban kwamitin shine Karen Wickre, tsohon jami'in sadarwa a Google da Twitter; Walt Mossberg, tsohon marubucin fasaha a The Wall Street Journal kuma co-kafa shafin yanar gizon fasaha na Recode, mataimakin shugaban ne. Daga cikin mambobin kwamitin na yanzu akwai Tucker Eskew, masanin siyasa da sadarwa wanda ya kasance mataimakin mataimakin shugaban kasa na harkokin kafofin watsa labarai da sadarwa na duniya a karkashin Shugaba George W. Bush; mai ba da agaji Eva Haller; Abby Phillip, mai ba da labari na CNN *NewsNight tare da Abby Phillip*; da Liz Ramos, malamin tarihin Amurka da gwamnati a makarantar sakandare ta Alta Loma a Rancho Cucamonga, California.
## Manazarta
Jane Duncan Cacademi

Jane Duncan (mai ilimi) Dan gwagwarmaya da ilimi a Afirka ta Kudu Jane Duncan ilimi ce, haziƙin jama'a kuma mai fafutuka. A halin yanzu, ita ce Farfesa na Digital Society a Jami'ar Glasgow a Scotland, inda ta ke da Kwalejin Kwalejin Duniya ta Burtaniya. Ta yi aiki a kan al'amuran 'yancin watsa labarai kuma ita ce tsohuwar darekta na Cibiyar 'Yancin Magana a Johannesburg.[1]
Feya Faku

**Fezile "Feya" Faku** (An haife shi ranar 6 ga watan Yuni, 1962 - 23 ga watan Yuni 2025) Dan asalin Afirka ta Kudu. An san Faku saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga jazz, Faku ya gina babban taron kasa da kasa, yana hada gwiwa da fitattun mawaƙa da kuma halartar manyan bukukuwa a duniya.

## Manazarta
Paolo Galluzzi

**Paolo Galluzzi** an haife shi a 1942, Florence, Italiya, masanin tarihin kimiyya na Italiya ne.

## Tarihi
Tun daga shekarar 1982, shi ne daraktan Museo Galileo – Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza a Florence, Italiya.

Ya rike kujerar Tarihin Kimiyya a Jami’ar Siena daga 1979 zuwa 1994, sannan a Jami’ar Florence daga 1994 zuwa 2010. Ya kasance babban edita na Nuncius, mujallar kasa da kasa ta tarihin kimiyya, daga 1991 har zuwa 2007. Yanzu haka yana zama a kwamitocin kimiyya na mujallu masu muhimmanci da cibiyoyin al’adu a Italiya da ƙasashen waje. An nada shi shugaban Kwamitin Kimiyya na Duniya ta Nobel Foundation don ƙirƙirar Gidan Tarihi na Nobel a Stockholm.

Yanzu haka yana jagorantar Kwamitocin Shawara na Fassarorin Kasa na Littattafan da Zane-zanen Leonardo da Vinci da kuma Sabunta Fassarorin Kasa na Ayyukan Galileo Galilei. Shi memba ne na Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, American Philosophical Society da Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei.

Bincikensa ya mai da hankali kan batutuwa kamar: Leonardo da Vinci, masana kimiyya da injiniyoyi na Renaissance, Galileo da makarantar sa, kwalejin kimiyya na Turai, tarihin kayan aikin kimiyya, gidajen tarihi da tattara kayan kimiyya, tarihin rubuce-rubucen kimiyya, da tarihin binciken kimiyya a Italiya bayan haɗuwar ƙasa. Haka kuma, ya tsara shirye-shirye da dama don tsara bincike da yada al’adun kimiyya.

Ya ƙirƙiri abubuwan nunin kimiyya na tarihi waɗanda aka nuna a Italiya da ƙasashen waje, tare da tsarin bayanai da multimedia kan tarihin kimiyya da fasaha.

## Ayyuka
Shi marubuci ne na ayyuka da dama kan batutuwan da bincikensa ya shafa. Daga cikin littattafan da aka buga kwanan nan akwai: *Tra atomi e indivisibili. La materia ambigua di Galileo*, Firenze, Olschki, 2011, , da kuma *«Libertà di filosofare in naturalibus». I mondi paralleli di Cesi e Galileo*, Roma, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, 2014, .

Ya kasance darakta na *Storia della Scienza* da Einaudi ta buga da kuma jerin “Biblioteca della Scienza Italiana”. Haka kuma, ya shirya kundin abubuwan nunin da ya ƙirƙira.

## Manazarta
E Percy Fowle

**E Percy Fowle** yayi aiki a matsayin Babban Babban Scout na Boy Scouts na Afirka ta Kudu daga shekarar 1953 zuwa 1958. A cikin 1954, an ƙara masa girma zuwa Kwamanda (Brother) na Order of Saint John. A cikin shekarar 1958, ya jagoranci tawagar Afirka ta Kudu zuwa Jamboree na Duniya karo na 9 a Ingila, wanda aka gudanar don bikin cika shekaru 50 na Scouting.

## Manazarta
Mataimakin Gwamnan Jihar Filato

**mataimakin gwamnan Jihar Plateau** shine jami'in na biyu mafi girma a reshen zartarwa na gwamnatin Jihar Plateau, Najeriya, bayan gwamnan Jihar, kuma yana cikin matsayi na farko a layin maye gurbin gwamnan. Ana zabar mataimakin gwamna kai tsaye tare da gwamna don wa'adin shekaru hudu.

Josephine Piyo ita ce mataimakiyar gwamna ta yanzu, bayan ta hau mulki a ranar 29 ga Mayu 2023. 

## Cancanta
Kamar yadda yake ga gwamna, kafin mutum ya cancanci zama mataimakin gwamnan, dole ne mutum ya kasance:

:* zama akalla shekaru talatin da biyar (35);
:* zama ɗan ƙasar Najeriya ta hanyar haihuwa;
:* zama memba na jam'iyyar siyasa tare da amincewar wannan jam'iyyar;
:* suna da Takardar shaidar makaranta ko kwatankwacinsa.

## Hakkokin da ya ratayu akai
Mataimakin gwamna yana taimaka wa gwamna wajen aiwatar da muhimman ayyuka kuma yana da damar maye gurbin gwamnan da ya mutu, wanda aka tsige, wanda ba ya nan ko mara lafiya kamar yadda Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Najeriya na 1999 ya tanadar.

## Jerin mataimakan gwamnoni

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin gwamnonin Jihar Plateau

## Manazarta
Pam golding

Pam Golding (An haifeta ranar 12 ga watan Satumba, 1928) ta kasance Yar Afirka ta Kudu Kuma shahararriyar mai haɓaka gidaje ce. Pam Golding ta bude wani kamfani mai suna Pam Golding Properties, wanda ta kafa a cikin shekarar 1976, yana cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin gidaje a Afirka ta Kudu, tana da ofisoshi sama da 300 a yankin Saharar Afirka da ketare. Ɗan Golding, mai suna Andrew Golding, a halin yanzu shine shugaban kamfanin. Ta rasu a ranar 3 ga watan Afrilu, 2018, tana da shekara 89 a duniya, a gidanta da ke Cape Town, Afirka ta Kudu.

## Manazarta
Sergio Arribas

**Arribas Calvo** (an haife shi ranar 30 ga watan Satumba, 2001) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Sipaniya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari ga ƙungiyar Segunda División Almería.

## Manazarta
Folajimi Oyekunle

**Folajimi Oyekunle** (an haife shi a Osunkaye, Bodija, Ibadan) ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne, ɗan kasuwa kuma mai ba da agaji. Ya yi takara a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party (PDP) a zaben 16 ga watan Agusta na Ibadan North Federal kuma ya yi nasara.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Folajimi Oyekunle a Osunkaye, Bodija, Ibadan, Jihar Oyo . Ya shafe shekarunsa na farko a Monatan, amma asalin danginsa da al'adu suna da ƙarfi a Yemetu, al'umma a birnin Ibadan . 

## Ayyukan Siyasa
Tafiyar siyasa ta Fola Oyekunle ta fara ne tare da fitowarsa a matsayin wanda ya lashe Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Oyo ta 2019 a matsayin memba wanda ke wakiltar Majalisa ta Arewa ta Ibadan I. A lokacin da yake aiki a gidan majalisa, ya kasance Shugaban kwamitin matasa da wasanni.

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2023, Gwamna Seyi Makinde ya nada shi a cikin gwamnatinsa a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Ma'aikata,   rawar da daga baya ya yi murabus daga don yin takara ga Majalisar Wakilai ta Tarayya ta Arewacin Ibadan .

A ranar 16 ga watan Agusta, ya fito kuma an ayyana shi a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaben mazabar Ibadan ta Arewa ta Hukumar Zabe ta Kasa mai zaman kanta (INEC) ta hanyar Jami'in dawowar INEC, Farfesa Abiodun Oluwadare na Jami'ar Ibadan 

Ya lashe zaben da kuri'u 18,404, ya kayar da abokin hamayyarsa mafi kusa daga All Progressives Congress (APC) , Adewale Olatunji wanda ya samu kuri'u 8,312.

## Ilimi

* Lokaci Carol Sunrise Nursery & Firamare School, Iwo Road
* Kwalejin Loyola, Ibadan
* Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Wesley
* Kwalejin Kula da dazuzzuka ta Tarayya, Ibadan 
* Kwalejin Aikin Gona ta Tarayya, Ibadan

## Manazarta
Mirjam Brusius

**Mirjam Brusius** masaniyar tarihi ce kuma masaniyar tarihin kimiyya. A halin yanzu ita ce Abokin Bincike a Tsarin Mulki da Tarihin Duniya a Cibiyar Tarihin Jamus ta London. Ta kware a tarihin daukar hoto, gidajen tarihi, tattarawa da tsere a cikin yanayin mulkin mallaka. Brusius ɗan'uwa ne na Royal Historical Society, memba na Global Young Academy kuma mai karɓar lambar yabo ta Dan David, yanzu mafi girman kyautar tarihi a duniya.
The Legend of the Lost Keys

The Legend of the Lost Keys jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin ne na yara wanda wani yanki ne na ɓangaren shirin talabijin na ilimi na BBC mai suna Look and Read. Wannan jerin an haska su ne a BBC Two daga 12 ga Janairu zuwa 23 ga Maris 1998.
## Shiri
A lokacin hutu, tagwaye, Mark da Lisa, sun gano cewa Bappa George shine majiɓincin wani tsohon akwati, wanda shine ƙofar mashigar duniyar Heritron. Lokacin da masana kimiyya suka sace akwatin, George ya damu da cewa mugayen jagororin Heritron suna ƙoƙarin kutsawa zuwa duniya kuma ya rage ga tagwayen su taimaka wajen dawo da akwatin.

## Yan wasa

## Fita

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje
*''The Legend of the Lost Keys'' a Watsa shirye-shirye don Makarantu
Martin Campbell-Kelly

**Martin Campbell-Kelly** haihuwa c. 1960) farfesa ne na Emeritus a Jami'ar Warwick wanda ya kware a tarihin kwamfuta.

## Ilimi
Campell-Kelly ya yi karatu a Sunderland Polytechnic inda aka ba shi digiri na uku a cikin 1980 akan Tushen shirye-shiryen kwamfuta a Biritaniya 1945-1955.

## Bincike
Campbell-Kelly ya rubuta, gyara littattafai masu yawa da labaran mujallu akan tarihin kwamfuta. Ya yi aiki a kwamitin edita na IEEE Annals of the History of Computing journal. Shi memba ne na Kwamitin Kula da Kwamfuta, Ƙungiya na Kwararru na Ƙungiyar Kwamfuta ta Burtaniya, kuma malami ne na Kwalejin Gresham. A cikin 2011, an zaɓi Campbell-Kelly a matsayin Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales.

## Manazarta
Solomon Ahwinahwi

**Solomon Ahwinahwi** ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne. Ya yi aiki a matsayin memba wanda ke wakiltar Ughelli North / Ughelli South / Udu Tarayya a Majalisar Wakilai.  An haife shi a shekarar 1965, ya fito ne daga Jihar Delta. An fara zabarsa a cikin Majalisar Dokoki a zaben 2007, kuma an sake zabarsa ne a shekarar 2015 a karkashin Jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party (PDP).   

## Manazarta
Zaben gwamna na Jihar Sokoto na 2003

Zaben gwamnan jihar Sokoto na 2003 ya faru ne a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 2003.        Dan takarar ANPP Attahiru Bafarawa ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke PDP Abdallah Wali da wasu 'yan takara 4.    

## Sakamako
Attahiru Bafarawa daga ANPP ya lashe zaben. 'Yan takara 6 sun yi takara a zaben.

Adadin masu jefa kuri'a a jihar ya kai 1,476,691, jimlar kuri'un da aka jefa ya kai 1,014,573, kuri'un inganci sun kai 925,711 kuma kuri'un ƙin sun kai 88,862.  

* **[[Attahiru Bafarawa]], ([[All Nigeria Peoples Party|ANPP]]) - 665,545**
* Abdallah Wali, PDP- 245,047
* Bello Isiyaka, APGA- 8,515
* Garba Aliyu Dogondaji, AD- 5,764
* Tambari Ahmed, UNPP- 508
* Inuwa Abdulkadir, NDP- 332

## Manazarta
Zaben Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Delta na 2019

An gudanar da **Zaben Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Delta na 2019** a ranar 9 ga Maris, 2019, don zabar mambobin Majalisar Dokokin Jiha ta Delta a Najeriya. Dukkanin kujeru 29 sun kasance don zabe a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Delta . 

Sheriff Oborevwori daga PDP wanda ke wakiltar mazabar Okpe an zabe shi Kakakin, yayin da Ochor Christopher Ochor daga PDP wanda yake wakiltar mazaunin Ukwuani ta Arewa aka zabe shi Mataimakin Kakakin.

## Sakamako
Sakamakon zaben an jera shi a ƙasa.

* Sheriff Oborevwori daga PDP ya lashe mazabar Okpe**Gundumar Okpe**
* Kenneth Ogba daga PDP ya lashe **Mazabar Isoko ta Kudu** I
* Ferguson Onwo daga PDP ya lashe mazabar Isoko ta Kudu II**Mazabar Isoko ta Kudu ta II**
* Tim Owhefere daga PDP ya lashe **Mazabar Isoko ta Arewa**
* Jumma'a Osanebi daga PDP ya lashe **Mazabar Ndokwa ta Gabas**
* Charles Emetulu daga PDP ya lashe mazabar Ndokwa West**Mazabar Ndokwa ta Yamma**
* Rueben Izeze daga PDP ya lashe mazabar Ughelli ta Kudu**Yankin Ughelli ta Kudu**
* Pat Ajudua daga PDP ya lashe mazabar Oshimili ta Arewa**Gundumar Oshimili ta Arewa**
* Shedrack Rapu daga PDP ya lashe **Mazabar Oshimili ta Kudu**
* Festus Okoh daga PDP ya lashe mazabar Ika ta Kudu**Gundumar Ika ta Kudu**
* Anthony Elekeokwuri daga PDP ya lashe mazabar Ika ta Arewa maso Gabas**Gundumar Ika ta Arewa maso Gabas**
* Emmanuel Sinebe daga PDP ya lashe **Mazabar Patani**
* Solomon Ighrakpata daga PDP ya lashe **Mazabar Uvwie**
* Peter Uviejitobor daga PDP ya lashe **Mazabar Udu**
* Felix Anirah daga PDP ya lashe mazabar Sapele**Gundumar Sapele**
* Emeke Nwaobi daga PDP ya lashe mazabar Aniocha ta Arewa**Gundumar Aniocha ta Arewa**
* Austin Chikezie daga PDP ya lashe mazabar Aniocha ta Kudu**Gundumar Aniocha ta Kudu**
* Oboro Preyor daga PDP ya lashe **Mazabar Bomadi**
* Asupa Forteta daga PDP ya lashe **Mazabar Burutu I**
* Pullah Ekpotuayerin daga PDP ya lashe **Mazabar Burutu II**
* Anidi Innocent daga APC ta lashe mazabar Habasha ta Gabas**Yankin Gabashin Habasha**
* Erhiatake Ibori-Suonu daga PDP ya lashe mazabar Yammacin Habasha**Yankin Yammacin Habasha**
* Oniyere Charles daga APC ya lashe mazabar Ughelli ta Arewa I**Yankin Ughelli na Arewa**
* jaro egbo daga APC ya lashe **Mazabar Ughelli ta Arewa II**
* Emomotimi Guwor daga PDP ya lashe **Mazabar Warri ta Kudu maso Yamma**
* Alfred Martins daga PDP ya lashe mazabar Warri ta Arewa**Gundumar Warri ta Arewa**
* Augustine Uroye daga PDP ya lashe **Mazabar Warri ta Kudu I**
* Matthew Opuoru daga PDP ya lashe mazabar Warri ta Kudu II**Mazabar Warri ta Kudu ta II**
* Ochor Christopher Ochor daga PDP ya lashe **Mazabar Ukwuani**

## Manazarta
Ian Munro Ross

**Ian Munro Ross** FREng (15 ga watan Agustan 1927 - 10 ga watan Maris 2013) ya kasance majagaba na farko a cikin transistors, Ruwa na tsawon shekaru 12 Shugaban Bell Labs.

An haifi Ross a Southport, Ingila, kuma a 1948 ya sami digiri na farko a aikin injiniya na lantarki daga Gonville da Caius College, Cambridge . A shekara ta 1952 ya sami digiri na MA da PhD a fannin injiniyan lantarki daga Cambridge.

A shekara ta 1952 William Shockley ya hayar da shi don aiki a cikin semiconductors a Bell Labs, kuma ya isa Murray Hill jim kadan bayan John Bardeen da Walter Houser Brattain sun tafi. Kungiyar Shockley ta mayar da hankali ne kawai kan ingantaccen transistor, kuma Ross da G. C. Dacey sun kasance kayan aiki a farkon matakan ci gaban Transistor na tasirin filin. A cikin 1960 Ross da sauransu sun kirkiro epitaxy. Daga baya ya tashi ta hanyar matsayi na gudanarwa, a ƙarshe ya zama shugaban na shida na Bell Labs 1979-1991 kuma yana kula da sake tsara shi bayan rushewar Bell System.

A shekara ta 1979, ya kasance mazaunin Rumson, New Jersey . 

Ross ya kasance memba na Kwalejin Injiniya ta Kasa, Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa, da Kwalejin Royal na Injiniya, kuma ɗan Ƙungiyar Amurka don Ci gaban Kimiyya da Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Lantarki da Injiniyoyin Injiniya. Ya sami lambar yabo ta IEEE Morris N. Liebmann Memorial Award ta 1963 "don gudummawa ga ci gaban transistor na epitaxial da sauran na'urorin semiconductor", lambar yabo ta IRI ta 1987 daga Cibiyar Nazarin Masana'antu don nuna godiya ga gudummawar da ya bayar ga jagorancin fasaha, lambar yabo ta 1988 IEEE Founders "don jagorancin AT&T Bell Laboratories da ke jagorantar kirkire-kirkire a cikin sadarwa da sarrafa bayanai", da kuma lambar yabo ta Bueche ta 2001 "don guddina shi ga ci gaban semiconductors, jagorancinsa na kasa" da ke shafar manufofin semiconductator, da ke shahara.

## Ayyukan da aka zaɓa

* G. C. Dacey da I. M. Ross, "Unipolar field-effect transistor", Proc. IRE 41, Agusta 1953, shafi na 970-979.&nbsp;
* J. L. Moll, I. M. Ross, "Dangane da Yanayin Transistor akan Rarraba Resistivity na Base Layer", Proc. IRE. , Vol. 44, 1956, shafi na 72.
* Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a wannan talifin a dandalin www.jw.org/ha.

## Manazarta

## Tushe

* Tarihin IEEE
* Tarihin Sadarwar Jama'a
* Tarihin Bueche Award
* Brinkman, W.F.; Haggan, D.E.; Troutman, WW., "Tarihin kirkirar transistor kuma inda zai kai mu", IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Volume 32, Issue 12, Dec 1997, Pages 1858-1865.
* Tarihin Alcatel-Lucent
James M. Tien

**James M. Tien,** Ph.D., DEng (h.c.), fitaccen farfesa ne kuma tsohon Dean na Jami'ar Miami College of Engineering. Ya yi aiki a baya a Bell Laboratories, Rand Corporation da Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute . 

## Ilimi mafi girma
**Cibiya**

* Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT), Ph.D., Nazarin Injiniya da Ayyuka, 1972
* MIT, E.E., Injiniyan Lantarki da Tsarin, 1970
* MIT, SM, Injiniyan Lantarki da Tsarin, 1967
* Cibiyar Rensselaer Polytechnic (RPI), B.E.E, Injiniyan Lantarki, 1966

## Kyaututtuka da girmamawa
A shekara ta 2001, an zabe shi memba na Kwalejin Injiniya ta Kasa ko gudummawa ga ci gaba da aikace-aikacen tsarin injiniya da hanyoyin inganta ayyukan jama'a da ilimin injiniya. Ya sami lambar yabo ta IEEE Richard M. Emberson ta 2010, "don hangen nesa da jagoranci wajen inganta hangen nesa da karbuwa a duniya na IEEE a matsayin mai kirkiro a cikin fasaha, wallafe-wallafe da ayyukan ilimi. "  An zabe shi zuwa aji na 2002 na Fellows na Cibiyar Nazarin Ayyuka da Kimiyya ta Gudanarwa. 

## Littattafai

### Labaran da aka fi sani na kwanan nan
"Kimiyyar Kimiyya, mabuɗin fasaha ga ci gaban Amurka," *Miami Herald*, 12/04/2009

### Labaran jaridu na baya-bayan nan

* J. M. Tien, Y. Lee, "An Extended Dynamic Least Loaded Routing Strategy for Multi- Destination Traffic in Telecommunication Networks", IEEE / ACM Transactions on Networking, 2009
* J. M. Tien, P. Goldschmidt-Clermont, "Healthcare: a Complex Service System", Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering, vol. 18, No. 4, shafuffuka na 285-310, 2009&nbsp;
* J. M. Tien, P. J. Goldschmidt-Clermont, "Injiniya Kiwon Lafiya A matsayin Tsarin Sabis", Jaridar Bayanai-Ilimi-Systems Management (Har ila yau a kan layi a www. IKSMOnline.com, Vol. 8, Na 2-4, 2009
* Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a wannan talifin a dandalin www.jw.org/ha. 2, No. 1, shafi na 146-157, 2008&nbsp;
* J. M. Tien, "A kan Haɗin kai da Daidaitawa a cikin Tsarin Sabis mai Ruwa", Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering, vol. 17, No. 4, shafuffuka na 385-415, 2008&nbsp;

### Littattafan da aka ambata

* (13 Co-Authors), Binciken Shirye-shiryen Kiwon Lafiya don Amsa A Taron Nukiliya na Ta'addanci, Kwamitin Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiyar, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2009
* (13 Co-Authors), Harnessing Systems Engineering don Inganta Kula da Raunin Cutar Cutar Ciki a cikin Tsarin Lafiya na Soja, Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya & Kwamitin Kwalejin Injiniya ta Kasa, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2009
* Kwamitin Bincike na Kasa (13 Co-Authors), Ci gaba mai basira da Sabuntawa na Ma'aikatar Makamashi da Infrastructure, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2005
* D. Berg, J. M. Tien, W.A. Wallace (Co-Editors), Gudanar da Fasaha a cikin Masana'antar Ayyuka, Batun Musamman na Ma'amaloli na IEEE akan Gudanar da Injiniya, vol. 48, Na 3, 2001
* (13 Co-Authors), Kwamitin Gwamna don Binciken Audio-Visual Covera: Kotun Budewa: Kamara a Kotun New York, New York, NY: Fordham University Press, 1997

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Tarihin James M. Tien daga Cibiyar Nazarin Ayyuka da Kimiyya ta Gudanarwa
Lesley Cormack

**Lesley Cormack** an haife ta a shekara ta 1957) yar ƙasar Kanada yar tarihin kimiyya ce kuma mai gudanarwa na ilimi wanda ta ƙware a tarihin lissafi da na ƙasa. Ita ce Mataimakiyar Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar kuma Shugabar Jami'ar British Columbia ta Okanagan Campus.

## Ilimi da aiki
Zaben Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Sokoto na 2019

An gudanar da **Zaben Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Sokoto na 2019** a ranar 9 ga Maris, 2019, don zabar mambobin Majalisar Dokokin Jiha ta Sokoto a Najeriya. Dukkanin kujeru 30 sun kasance don zabe a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Sokoto.

An zabi Aminu Achida daga APC wanda ke wakiltar mazabar Wurno a matsayin Kakakin, yayin da aka zabi Abubakar Magaji daga PDP wanda ke wakilar mazabar Bodinga ta Arewa a matsayin Mataimakin Kakakin.

## Sakamako
Sakamakon zaben an jera shi a ƙasa.

* Aminu Magaji daga APC ya lashe **Mazabar Dange / Shuni**
* Mustapha Abdullahi daga APC ya lashe mazabar Sokoto ta Kudu I**Gundumar Sokoto ta Kudu I**
* Malami Ahmed daga PDP ya lashe mazabar Sokoto ta Kudu II**Gundumar Sokoto ta Kudu ta II**
* Suke Romo daga PDP ya lashe mazabar Tambuwal West**Mazabar Tambuwal ta Yamma**
* Yanayin Ladan PDP Tambuwal Gabas
* Musa Miko daga PDP ya lashe **Mazabar Tangaza**
* Murtala Maigona daga APC ya lashe **Mazabar Wamakko**
* Aminu Achida daga APC ya lashe mazabar Wurno**Gundumar Wurno**
* Shehu Yabo daga APC ya lashe **Mazabar Yabo**
* Haliru Buhari daga PDP ya lashe mazabar Sokoto ta Arewa I**Yankin Sokoto ta Arewa I**
* Ibrahim Arzika daga PDP ya lashe mazabar Sokoto ta Arewa II**Yankin Sokoto na Arewa na II**
* Abdullahi Randa daga PDP ya lashe mazabar Tureta**Gundumar Tureta**
* Umaru Sahabi daga PDP ya lashe **Mazabar Binji**
* Abubakar Magaji daga PDP ya lashe **Mazabar Bodinga ta Arewa**
* Bala Tukur daga APC ya lashe **Mazabar Bodinga ta Kudu**
* Altine Kyadawa daga APC ta lashe mazabar Gada West**Gundumar Gada ta Yamma**
* Kabiru Dauda daga APC ya lashe mazabar Bada ta Gabas**Gundumar Bada ta Gabas**
* Mustapha Balle daga PDP ya lashe mazabar Gudu**Gundumar Gudu**
* Bello Idris daga APC ya lashe mazabar Gwadabawa ta Kudu**Gundumar Gwadabawa ta Kudu**
* Abdullahi Garba daga APC ya lashe mazabar Gwadabawa ta Arewa**Gundumar Gwadabawa ta Arewa**
* Bello Ambarura daga APC ya lashe mazabar Illela**Gundumar Illela**
* Habibu Modachi daga PDP ya lashe **Mazabar Isa**
* Abdullahi Mahmud daga PDP ya lashe mazabar Kware**Gundumar Kware**
* Abdullahi Zakari daga APC ya lashe **Mazabar Rabah**
* Almustapha Aminu daga PDP ya lashe mazabar Sabon Birni ta Arewa**Gundumar Sabon Birni ta Arewa**
* Saidu Ibrahim daga APC ya lashe mazabar Sabon Birni ta Kudu**Yankin Sabon Birni ta Kudu**
* Alhaji Maidawa daga APC ya lashe **Mazabar Shagari**
* Atiku Liman daga PDP ya lashe mazabar Silame**Gundumar Silame**
* Isa Harisu daga APC ya lashe mazabar Kebbe**Gundumar Kebbe**
* Faruku Amadu daga APC ya lashe **Goronyo**

## Manazarta
Rukunin majalisar dokoki ta kasa

**Rukunin Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa** ita ce wurin zama na Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa, koli na majalisar dokokin Tarayyar Najeriya .  Alama ce ta dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, rumbun kudan zuma na ayyukan majalisa kuma babbar alama ce a Abuja .

## Gine-gine
An gina Mataki na 2 na Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa, wanda aka fi sani da Fadar White House tsakanin 1996 da 1999 a farashin kusan dala miliyan 35.18 kuma an ba da kwangilar ga ITB Najeriya, a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, 1996, ta hanyar Ma'aikatar Gine-ginen Jama'a, FCDA .  An ba da Mataki na 3 na Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa ga Julius Berger kuma an kammala shi a cikin 2007, ya haɗa da ƙarin gine-gine biyu masu hawa biyar don zama gine-ginen reshe ga gidaje biyu- Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya da Majalisar Wakilai (Nijeriya) a bangarorin biyu na White House mai siffar kore. Mataki na 3 yana da babban filin bene na murabba'in mita 70,700. 

## Wurin da yake
Complex ɗin yana cikin Yankunan Makamai Uku na Babban Birnin Tarayya .  Ginin yana kewaye da wasu gine-ginen gwamnati kamar Kotun Koli, Tsohon Shugaban kasa (yanzu Shagari Complex), Ofishin Mai ba da shawara kan Tsaro na Kasa (ONSA), Cibiyar Yaki da Ta'addanci ta Kasa (NCTC), Gidan Mataimakin Shugaban kasa, Aso Rock Villa, SSS National Headquarters da National Arboretum.

## Fadar White House
Fadar White House ita ce gine-ginen tsakiya mai mahimmanci a cikin Babban Taron Majalisar Dokoki na Kasa kai tsaye a gaban Ceremonial Plaza, tana karbar bakuncin Red Chamber na Majalisar Dattijai a gabas da Green Chamber na Majalisar Wakilai (Nijeriya) a yamma kuma tana aiki da babban atrium. Ginin yana rufe da wani kore dome tare da Coat of Arms na Tarayyar Najeriya wanda aka ɗora a kan dome. Babban Aso Rock yana tsaye a bango. Ginin yana da babban filin bene na murabba'in mita 40,400. Shigar da lantarki da na inji sun haɗa da tsarin sanyaya iska na tsakiya, CCTV, tsarin kula da damar, gano wuta da tsarin kashe gobara.

## Ginin Bola Tinubu
Cibiyar Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa ta kuma dauki bakuncin Cibiyar Nazarin Majalisar Dokoki da Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya. Ginin ginin ya fara ne a lokacin Majalisar Dokoki ta 9 da Shugaban Majalisar Dattijai Ahmed Lawan da Shugaban Majalisar Femi Gbajabiamila suka jagoranci, kuma an kammala shi kuma an ba da umurni a watan Mayu 2024. Ginin Cibiyar Nazarin Majalisar Dokoki da Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya an sanya masa suna ne bayan Bola Tinubu . 

## Manazarta
Kallo.ng

**Kallo.ng** (harshe na Hausa, kallo, kallo, dubawa) sabis ne na biyan kuɗi na yaren Hausa na Najeriya wanda ke zaune a Jihar Kano . An ƙaddamar da shi a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba, 2021, shine dandamali na farko don bayar da shirye-shirye kawai a cikin Hausa. Dandalin mallakar Spacekraft Media Limited ne, wanda Maijidda Shehu Modibbo ya kafa a shekarar 2021. A cikin wata hira, Moddibo ya ce dandalin ya sami masu biyan kuɗi 35,000 a cikin watanni takwas da aka ƙaddamar da shi.

Gwamnatin tarayya ta Najeriya ta ce tana shirin ka'idoji don yawo da masu samar da abun ciki kamar Kallo da Netflix, suna damuwa cewa za a iya amfani da su don "samar da rikici" da kuma lalata tsarin dimokuradiyya na Najeriya.

## Kyaututtuka
A ranar 5 ga Yuli, 2022, Kallo.ng ta sami lambar yabo ta Best New Streaming Innovation, wanda aka gabatar da shi ta hanyar Marketing World Awards a Accra, Ghana.  

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Ikon nukiliya a Ghana

Akwai na'urar nukiliya guda daya a Ghana, Ghana Research Reactor, wanda ke cikin Accra. Yana aiki tun 1994, ana amfani dashi don bincike, likita, da dalilai na masana'antu, amma ba don samar da wutar lantarki ba.

## Manufar
Hukumar Makamashi ta Atomic ta Ghana tana binciken amfani da makamashin nukiliya kuma memba ne na Cibiyar Nazarin Nukiliya ta Duniya. Hukumar tana aiki tare da Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Atom ta Duniya don aiwatar da makamashin nukiliya a Ghana a matsayin wani ɓangare na wani aiki mai zurfi, Ci gaban Makamashi mai dorewa ga Afirka ta Kudu. Ghana kuma tana da Makarantar Digiri ta Kimiyya ta Nukiliya da Allied wacce ke horar da dalibai masu digiri da digiri a cikin dabarun aikace-aikacen kimiyyar nukiliya a fannoni kamar noma, magani, da bincike. Dukkanin wadannan kungiyoyi suna mai da hankali kan bincike da kuma daya daga cikin masu bincike da ke Ghana fiye da makamashin nukiliya.

Gwamnatin Ghana ta himmatu ga ci gaban makamashin nukiliya a matsayin tushen makamashi mai aminci, kuma tun daga shekarar 2020 tana daukar matakai na shirye-shirye don samar da makamashin nukliya. Shugaba John Agyekum Kufuor ya goyi bayan gina tashoshin makamashin nukiliya a nan gaba, yana ganin shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na mafita ga matsalolin makamashi na kasar. Ya fara Kwamitin Nukiliya don nazarin batun. A cikin 2011, darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Nukiliya ta Kasa, Benjamin Nyarko, ya kuma ce ya yi imanin cewa wutar lantarki za ta iya hana rikicin makamashi na gaba. Ma'aikatar ta kirkiro wani sashi don daidaita ayyukan kan aikin makamashin nukiliya.

Kamfanin makamashi na nukiliya na Rasha Rosatom ya sanya hannu kan 'Memorandum of Understanding' tare da Ghana a watan Agustan 2015 don bunkasa 1200 Megawatt reactor a Ghana- duk da haka, kamar yadda jimlar samar da makamashi a kasar a lokacin ya kasance 2831MW kawai, gagarumin haɓakawa ga tsarin makamashi ya zama dole don karɓar shi. A watan Janairun 2017, IAEA ta kammala aikin kwana takwas zuwa Ghana don sake duba ababen more rayuwa na kasar da kuma shirye-shiryen zabar masu siyar da kasa. Wani aikin da aka yi a watan Oktoba na 2019 ya kammala cewa an sami ci gaba mai mahimmanci, kuma nan ba da daɗewa ba Ghana za ta kasance a shirye don tattauna zaɓin ta tare da abokan hulɗa na duniya.

A cikin 2022 gwamnati ta amince da shirin gina tashar makamashin nukiliya ta 1 GWe tare da masu siyarwa da aka gayyace su daga Amurka, Rasha, Kanada da Koriya ta Kudu kuma ana sa ran sanya hannu kan kwangilar 2024-2026.

## Dubi kuma

* Ƙungiyar Nukiliya ta Ghana
* Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Ghana
* Ikon nukiliya ta ƙasa

## Manazarta
Majalisar Labarai ta Minnesota

A ranar 4 ga Disamba 1970, Robert M. Shaw, manajan Ƙungiyar Jarida ta Minnesota, ya ƙirƙiri wani kwamiti na cikin gida da za a kira shi Majalisar Minisota [News] Council (MNC). Majalisar ta rufe a shekarar 2011.

## Manazarta
Surzyki Wielkie

Surzyki Wielkie [suˈʐɨki ˈvjɛlkʲɛ] (German Groß Sauerken) ƙauye ne a gundumar gudanarwa na Gmina Małdyty, a cikin gundumar Ostroda, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, a arewacin Poland. Tana da nisan kusan kilomita 11 (mil 7) kudu da Małdyty, kilomita 20 (mita 12) arewa maso yamma na Ostroda, da kilomita 49 (mita 30) yamma da babban birnin yankin Olsztyn.

Tun daga 2008, ƙauyen yana da yawan jama'a 50.

## Manazarta
Lili Darvas

Lili Darvas (an haife shi Lili Sára Darvas; Afrilu 10, 1902 - Yuli 22, 1974) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce 'yar kasar Hungary da aka sani saboda aikin matakinta a Turai da Amurka kuma, daga baya a cikin aikinta, a cikin fina-finai da talabijin.

An zabe ta don Kyautar Tony Award don Mafi kyawun Fitacciyar Jaruma a cikin Wasa a cikin 1971 saboda rawar da ta yi a Les Blancs. Ta sami babban yabo saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin fim ɗin ƙauna na 1971, wanda aka ba ta lambar yabo ta musamman a bikin Fina-Finai na Cannes da kuma lambar yabo ta National Society of Critics Film Critics. Ƙarin fitowar fim ɗinta sun haɗa da Haɗu da Ni a Las Vegas (1956) da kuma sake yin Cimarron na 1960.

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Darvas a Budapest a cikin 1902, 'yar Berta (née Freiberger) da Sándor Darvas. Ta yi karatu a Budapest Lyceum, kuma ta yi ƙwararriyar wasan kwaikwayo ta farko lokacin da take da shekara 20.

A 1925 ta auri marubucin wasan kwaikwayo Ferenc Molnar, kuma ta zama memba na ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Max Reinhardt, tana koyon Jamusanci kuma ta shiga gidan wasan kwaikwayo a der Josefstadt, daga 1925 har zuwa Anschluss a 1938, lokacin da aka tilasta musu gudu. Takwarorinta a wannan lokacin sun haɗa da Luise Rainer da Lotte Lenya. Ita ce ta farko "Olympic" a matsayin 'yar "Vivie" a George Bernard Shaw's Mrs. Warren's Profession ko Genia Hofreiter a Arthur Schnitzler's The Vast Domain. Mijinta ya raka ta a rangadin da ta yi a Berlin, Vienna da Salzburg. A cikin 1926 ta taka leda a Molnar's Játék a kastélyban da Riviera. An yi tsohon yanki a kan dukkan manyan matakan Turai a cikin wannan shekarar da aka yi akan Broadway. A cikin 1927 ta buga Titania a cikin samar da Reinhardt na Mafarkin Dare na A Midsummer.

A New York darektoci da masu shela sun yi wa ma’auratan kyauta da gayyata. Har ma shugaban kasar Calvin Coolidge ya tarbe su a fadar White House, kuma an yi bikin cika shekaru 50 na Molnár da kyau.

Darvas ya sami zama ɗan ƙasar Amurka a cikin 1944. Saboda dogon lokaci na rabuwa da tafiye-tafiye na Darvas, ma'auratan sun rabu cikin aminci, amma sun kasance da aure da abokai har mutuwar Molnár a 1952.

Darvas ya fito a cikin shirin gidan talabijin na Goodyear Television "My Lost Saints" a cikin 1955. Ta buga Granny Bayles a cikin The Twilight Zone episode "Kira mai nisa" (Season 2 - Episode 22) a cikin 1961. A cikin 1970 ta kasance a cikin fim ɗin Karoly Makk na Hungarian Love (Szerelem).

## Manazarta
Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Ghana

**Hukumar Makamashi ta Atomic ta [[Ghana]]** (GAEC) kungiya ce ta jihar a Ghana da ke da hannu kan sa ido kan amfani da makamashin nukiliya a Ghana. Yana da kama da manufar Ghana Nuclear Society (GNS), tare da bambancin cewa GNS kungiya ce mai zaman kanta, yayin da GAEC na cikin majalisar dokokin Ghana. Babban manufarta ta fito ne daga dokar majalisa ta 588, wanda ya haɗa da binciken amfani da makamashin nukiliya ga Ghana da tallafawa bincike da ci gaba a Ghana da kasashen waje.

## Tarihi
An kafa Hukumar Makamashi ta Atomic ta Ghana (GAEC) a matsayin hanyar dawowa a 1952 lokacin da aka fara rediyo a Ghana. A wannan lokacin, radiostrontium shine abin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin gwaje-gwaje. A cikin shekara ta 1958, Sashen kimiyyar lissafi na Kwalejin Jami'ar Gold Coast, wanda yanzu (Jami'ar Ghana, Legon) ya fara aikin sa ido na rediyo a madadin Ma'aikatar Tsaro. A cikin shekara ta 1961, aiki a cikin radioisotopes a Ghana ya sami tushe a mafi yawan cibiyoyin Gwamnati don bayyana kafa Radioisotope Unit.

## Rarraba-rarraba

* *Cibiyar Nazarin Nukiliya ta Kasa (NNRI):*
* *[[Jami'ar Ghana|Makarantar Kimiyya ta Nukiliya da Allied]] (SNAS):*

Yana da alhakin adanawa, kiyayewa da haɓaka ilimin nukiliya a Ghana da Afirka ta hanyar samar da koyarwa mai inganci, bincike, horar da kasuwanci, sabis da ci gaban shirye-shiryen digiri a kimiyyar nukiliya da fasaha.

* *Cibiyar Kare Rashin Rashin Rashi (RPI):*

Ba da izini, bincikawa da sarrafa duk ayyukan da ayyukan da suka shafi tushen radiation, radiation na ionizing da sauran tushe, kayan rediyo da x-ray da aka yi amfani da su a asibitoci a Ghana. Aiwatar da al'adun tsaro ta hanyar samar da isasshen ci gaban albarkatun ɗan adam a cikin radiation da tsaron sharar gida don gudanarwa da ƙungiyoyin aiki. Gudanar da bincike da sabis na fasaha a cikin radiation da tsaron sharar gida.

* *Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya da Aikin Gona ta Nukiliya (BNARI):*

## Dubi kuma

* Ikon nukiliya a Ghana
* Ikon nukiliya ta ƙasa

## Manazarta
Ƙungiyar Nukiliya ta Ghana

**[[Ghana]] Nuclear Society** (GNS) kungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce ke ba da shawara don gabatar da makamashin nukiliya a Ghana. Tana da hedikwatar a Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Ghana (GAEC) a Accra . Tare da kafa The Ghana Nuclear Society, Ghana ta shiga ƙungiyar waɗancan ƙasashe tare da Ƙungiyoyin Nukiliya na Kasa. Babban ofishinta yana a Hukumar Makamashi ta Atomic ta Ghana (GAEC) a Accra . Shugaban kasa na yanzu shine Farfesa John Justice Fletcher . Al'umma ba ta ga mutanen da ke son kimiyya ba.

## Tarihi
Kamfanin Nukiliya na Ghana ya sami takardar shaidar kafawa a ranar 13 ga Mayu 2008. Kungiyar, wacce ke aiki a karkashin taken "Nuclear for Sustainable Energy Development," tana da kwamitin ba da shawara mai mambobi takwas wanda ke tuntuɓar Kwamitin Daraktoci, wanda ya ƙunshi mutane 13 da mambobi hudu daga Shugabannin Kasa da Dalibai.

Al'umma ta kirkiro shirye-shiryen bayanai na jama'a kan batutuwan nukiliya, tarurruka, shirye-shirye na ilimi, da gabatarwar kafofin watsa labarai na mu'amala a tashoshin rediyo da talabijin na gida. Har ila yau, tana buga wata takarda da ke bayyana batutuwan da suka shafi makamashin nukiliya.

Yana tsara shirye-shiryen ilimi a Kwalejin SAMBEL da GAEC,  da makarantun firamare kusa da Makarantar Digiri ta Kimiyya ta Nukiliya da Allied  a Atomic, Kwabeyna .

### Abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci

* 2008 - Jaridar farko da ta biyu
* 2008 - Babban Taron Shekara na Farko
* 2009 - Jaridar Labarai ta Uku
* 2009 - Tattaunawa kan Ci gaban Albarkatun Dan Adam don shirin makamashin nukiliya.
* 2009 - Lacca na Jama'a a kan taken "Rashin Matsayin Nukiliya wajen samun matsayi na matsakaicin kudin shiga".
* 2009 - Shirye-shiryen Bayar da Ilimi don Makarantu.
* 2009 - Janar na shekara-shekara na biyu
* 2010 - shirin Tsaro na Makamashi na 2010 don Afirka.

## Taron Afirka na 2010
Don inganta karɓar jama'a da wayar da kan jama'a game da Zaɓin Makamashi na Nukiliya, al'umma ta shirya taron kwana uku a ƙarƙashin taken: "Tsaron Makamashi don Saurin Ci gaban Yankin Afirka. " Wannan taron yana fatan inganta karɓar Makamashi a Afirka ta hanyar haɗa masu sayar da makamashin nukiliya, masana'antun reactor, masana kimiyya da masana'antu a fagen don raba ilimi tare da waɗanda ke Afirka.

## Dubi kuma

* Makamashi na nukiliya a Ghana
* Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Ghana

## Manazarta
Ghana Research Reactor-1

**[[Ghana]] Research Reactor-1** (**GHARR-1**) na'urar bincike ce ta nukiliya da ke Accra, Ghana kuma ita ce kawai na'urar nukiliya a kasar. Cibiyar Nazarin Nukiliya ta Kasa ce ke sarrafa shi, wani sashi na Hukumar Makamashi ta Ghana. Reactor wani nau'i ne na kasuwanci na ƙirar Neutron Source Reactor (MNSR) na kasar Sin. Rashin wutar lantarki ya fara aiki a ranar 17 ga Disamba, 1994.

## Bayyanawa
GHARR-1 mai sauƙin ruwa ne tare da matsakaicin ƙarfin zafi na 30 kW, matsakaicin yanayin zafi na 1012 s−1, da kuma matsakaicin saurin gudu na 1.2·1012 s−2. Ana amfani da Beryllium a matsayin mai nunawa kuma ana sanyaya reactor ta hanyar convection na halitta. Ana amfani da man fetur mai ƙarancin wadata, kodayake an tsara reactor ɗin da farko don 90.2% mai wadata uranium. Babban reactor yana da sandunan mai 347.&nbsp;

Ana amfani da reactor galibi azaman kayan aikin bincike, gami da nazarin kunna neutron da gwaje-gwajen kimiyyar reactor. Bincike ya nuna cewa ana iya amfani da GHARR-1 don samar da radionuclide Technetium-99 a nan gaba. Hakanan ana amfani dashi don ilimin ɗaliban jami'a a Makarantar Kimiyya ta Nukiliya da Allied ta Jami'ar Ghana.

## Juyawa zuwa uranium mai wadata
Ƙananan ƙirar neutron source reactor (MNSR) da farko ana aiki da shi tare da uranium mai wadata (HEU), yawanci 90% uranium-235 ko mafi girma. A shekara ta 2006, Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Atomic ta Duniya (IAEA) ta haɓaka aikin Bincike na Haɗin gwiwa (CRP) kuma a ƙarshe ƙungiyar aiki ta MNSR don daidaita juyawa zuwa man fetur mai ƙarancin uranium (LEU),  wanda aka bayyana a matsayin ƙasa da 20% Uranium-235. HEU yana da alaƙa da karuwar haɗarin yaduwa, saboda ana iya sauƙaƙe shi zuwa amfani mara zaman lafiya na makamashi na atomatik fiye da LEU. Hukumar Makamashi ta Atomic ta Ghana memba ne na ƙungiyar aiki ta MNSR, kuma ta sami nasarar sauya GHARR-1 zuwa ƙaramin man fetur.

Ghana was the first country outside of China to successfully convert their MNSR reactor to LEU. The HEU core was removed in August 2016 and the operation was completed in 2017. The original nuclear fuel was UAl4 with Al-303-1 cladding while the new LEU fuel is uranium dioxide at 13% enrichment with Zircaloy-4 cladding.

## Dubi kuma

* Makamashi na nukiliya a Ghana
* Rashin bincike
* Ƙananan tushen neutron reactor

## Manazarta
Ilimin Fasaha

Ilimin fasaha (fasaha) yana nufin ikon yin amfani da shi yadda ya kamata, sarrafawa, da kuma kimanta fasahar  ta hanyar da ke taimakawa manufofin mutum, sadarwa, da ƙirƙirar bayanai.Ba'a iyaka  sanin yadda da kuma lokacin da za a yi amfani da takamaiman fasahohi ya tsaya ba, har ma da fahimtar iyawarsu, iyakoki, da tasirin sa ga mutane, al'ummomi, da muhalli. Mutumin da ya iya karatu da fasaha yana nuna ƙwarewa mai amfani a cikin aiki da warware matsalolin na'urori , yana zurfaffa tunani game da batutuwan matsalolin fasaha, kuma yana amfani da fasaha don warware matsaloli, dawowa dasu da ƙirƙirar bayanai, da haɓaka ilmantarwa.

Ilimin fasaha yana da alaƙa da ilimin dijital saboda lokacin da mutum ya ƙware wajen amfani da kwamfutoci da sauran na'urorin dijital ("fasaha" a cikin ilimin fasaha) don samun damar yanar gizo, ilimin dijital yana ba su damar amfani da yanar gizo don ganowa, bita, kimantawa, ƙirƙirar, da amfani da bayanai ta hanyar dandali daban-daban na dijital, kamar abun binciken yanar gizo, makunshin bayanai, mujallu na kan layi, jaridu, shafukan yanar gizo, da shafukan sada zumunta. Sauran ra'ayoyin masu halaka sun hada da ilimin kwamfuta da ilimin yanar gizo.
## Bangarorin Fasaha na Karatu
Ilimin fasaha ya ƙunshi mahimman abubuwa da yawa:

# Ilimin sanin bayanai: ikon ganowa yadda ya kamata, samun dama sosai, da kuma amfani da bayanan da suka dace yadda ya kamata.
# Nazarin dijital:da kuma hadin gwiwar  ma aikatan illimi a cikin ayyukan ilimi ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai na dijital, inda abun cikin dijital ke aiki a matsayin tushen manazarta, musamman a cikin bincike da aiwatar da aiki.
# ilimin kwarewa: ikon koyon yadda za a yi amfani da fasahohi daban-daban, musamman siffofi masu yawa, a cikin yanayin ilmantarwa na al'ada da na muhali.
# Bayanai da Fasahar Sadarwa (ICT) karatu da rubutu: ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don karɓar, ƙwarewa, da amfani da na'urorin dijital da kayan aikin ICT, gami da aikace-aikace da sabis na kan layi 
## Manazarta