open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Céline Verzeletti

**Céline Verzeletti** (an haife ta a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu 1969) 'yar ƙasar Faransa ce mai rajin kare haƙƙin ma'aikata, a halin yanzu mamba ce a ƙungiyar gamayya ta kwadago (CGT).

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Verzeletti a watan Fabrairun 1969 a Le Havre .  Ita 'yar wani ma'aikacin jirgin ƙasa ce wanda ɗan fafutukar CGT ne kuma malami.  Ta girma a Juillan kusa da Tarbes,  a Hautes-Pyrénées . Ta yi karatu a makarantar sakandare ta Marie-Curie da ke Tarbes. Bayan 'yan shekaru masu wahala, ta ci jarrabawar gudanar da gidan yari kuma ta zama mai gadin gidan yari . Ta kasance mai himma a cikin Matasan Kwaminisanci, sannan ta shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Faransa . 

Daga 2003 zuwa 2012, ta kasance sakatare janar na ƙungiyar fursunonin CGT.  A shekarar 2015, ta zama memba na , inda ta kasance mai alhakin daidaito, 'yancin ƙungiyar kwadago da kuma daidaita batutuwan gwagwarmaya. A shekarar 2021, ta zama sakatare-janar na ƙungiyar kwadago ta tarayya (UFSE), wata ƙungiya da ta haɗa membobin ƙungiyar kwadago kusan 50,000.  

An ce tana da kusanci sosai da NUPES da La France Insoumise, kuma ta sanar da kanta, a matsayinta na mai goyon bayan shiga cikin zanga-zangar da waɗannan ƙungiyoyin siyasa suka shirya, kamar zanga-zangar adawa da tsadar rayuwa a 2022.  

A shekarar 2023, duk da cewa ba ta yi takara ba, an ambaci ta a cikin mutanen da za su gaji Philippe Martinez a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar, a lokacin babban taron 53 a Clermont-Ferrand . Philippe Martinez, a nasa ɓangaren, yana son Marie Buisson [fr] don ya gaje shi [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] amma duk da duk tsammanin, wata mace mai rajin kare haƙƙin ma'aikata ce, Sophie Binet, wacce aka zaɓa a matsayin sabuwar sakatare janar ta CGT. [6]

A zaɓen 'yan majalisar dokokin Faransa na 2024, ƙungiyar New Popular Front ta saka hannun jarinta a mazabar 15 ta birnin Paris, wadda aka ware wa La France Insoumise bisa yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa.  Mataimakiyar wannan mazabar mai barin gado, Danielle Simonnet, ba ta sake saka hannun jarinta ba kamar sauran mataimakan LFI huɗu masu barin gado, waɗanda suka sanar da cewa za su ci gaba da tsayawa takararsu.  An sake zaɓen Danielle Simonnet a zagaye na biyu da kashi 74.5% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa, a kan Céline Verzeletti. 

## Manazarta
Ndey Tapha Sosseh

**Ndey Tapha Sosseh** (an haife ta a shekarar 1979) 'yar jarida ce 'yar ƙasar Gambia kuma mai fafutukar neman aiki. A shekarar 2004, ta zama babban edita na jaridar *The Daily Observer*, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama mace ta farko da ta zama babbar edita a jaridar da ake bugawa a kullum a tarihin Gambia . Daga 2008 zuwa 2011, ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar ƙungiyar 'yan jarida ta Gambia .

Sosseh ta kasance abin da gwamnati ke nema a lokacin shekarun ƙarshe na shugabancin Yahya Jammeh, galibi saboda martanin da ta mayar kan kisan 'yar jarida Deyda Hydara, kuma ta shafe tsakanin 2009 zuwa 2017 a Mali, inda take da 'yan ƙasa biyu.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Ndey Tapha Sosseh a shekara ta 1979 a Banjul, babban birnin Gambia.  Iyayenta su ne , mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam, da Mustapha Sosseh, wanda ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani lokacin da mahaifiyarta ke da ciki na watanni uku da ita. 

## Sana'a
Sosseh ta fara aikinta a matsayin mai koyon aiki a jaridar The Daily Observer, jaridar farko ta yau da kullun a Gambia, a watan Yunin 1998. Daga nan ta zama 'yar jarida kuma edita a jaridar, daga ƙarshe ta gudanar da shafinta na "Mata a Ci Gaba". [1] [2] [3]

A shekarar 2000, ta koma Burtaniya don ƙarin horo a fannin aikin jarida. Ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin aikin jarida na duniya daga Jami'ar Tsakiyar Ingila da ke Birmingham sannan ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Warwickshire kafin ta koma Gambia a watan Yunin 2004.  

Bayan ta koma gida, ta zama babban edita na *jaridar The Daily Observer* daga baya a wannan shekarar, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama mace ta farko da ta jagoranci jaridar da ake bugawa kullum a Gambia. 

A watan Janairun 2005, Momodou Sanyang ya maye gurbinta. 

Watanni biyu bayan haka, an zaɓe ta a matsayin sakatare janar na ƙungiyar 'yan jarida ta Gambia .   Sannan, a shekarar 2008, an zaɓe ta a matsayin shugabar GPU, inda ta maye gurbin shugaban ƙasa mai barin gado Madi Ceesay .    

Ta riƙe shugabancin ƙasar har zuwa shekarar 2011, lokacin da  yi nasara. ya yi karo da ita ya kuma yi nasara, ya zama sabon shugaban GPU.  

## Manazarta
Adele Tucker

**Adele Evelina Johnson Tucker** MBE (8 ga Agusta 1868 - 4 ga Janairu 1971) malamar makaranta ce ' yar Bermuda kuma mai fafutukar neman 'yan kwadago. An fi saninta da ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar malamai ta Bermuda, ƙungiyar malamai ta farko da aka yi wa rijista a tsibirin.

An haifi Tucker a Warwick Parish, ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'ya takwas da Catherine da Thomas Tucker suka haifa. An ce ta girma a wani gida da Hezekiah Frith, wani mai zaman kansa na ƙarni na 18 ya gina. Mahaifin Tucker yana aiki a matsayin mai gini. Ta bar makaranta tana da shekaru 13, shekara guda bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarta, domin taimakawa wajen aikin gida. Tun tana da shekaru 18, Tucker ta sami aiki a Hamilton a matsayin mataimakiya a wata makaranta da Jairus Swan ke gudanarwa. A shekarar 1892, ta fara zuwa Kwalejin Koleji, kwalejin malamai da Cocin Episcopal na Afirka ke gudanarwa. Daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Makarantar Edmonson da ke Warwick daga 1896 zuwa 1901, sannan a shekarar 1902 ta karɓi Makarantar Paget Glebe da ke Hamilton. Ba ta taɓa yin aure ba, amma ita da 'yan'uwanta mata sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu waɗanda ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwansu ya mayar da su marayu. [1]

A shekarar 1903, Tucker ta bayyana a gaban wani kwamiti a cikin tsarin makarantu, tana yin korafe-korafe da dama game da ƙarancin albashi, ƙarancin ma'aikata, da ƙarancin kayan aiki. Bayan mutuwar malamai matasa da dama da suka rasa ayyukansu, ita da wasu uku - Rufus Stovell, Edith Crawford, da Matilda Crawford - sun kafa ƙungiyar malamai ta Bermuda a shekarar 1919 don neman mafi kyawun yanayi.  Ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'ajin farko na ƙungiyar, wanda a shekarar 1947 ya zama ƙungiyar kwadago ta farko a Bermuda da ta sami amincewar doka (bayan amincewa da sabuwar doka). An yi wa Tucker ritaya daga koyarwa da ƙarfi tana da shekaru 65, amma ta ci gaba da kasancewa cikin ƙungiyoyin al'umma da dama.  A cikin bikin tunawa da ranar haihuwa ta 1951, an sanya ta a matsayin memba na Order of the British Empire .  Ta zama wani abin shahara a tsufa, kuma jaridu suna yawan yi mata tambayoyi a ranar haihuwarta. Tucker ta mutu tana da shekaru 102, kuma Henry Tucker, Shugaban Gwamnati, ya halarci jana'izarta. Ta bayyana a kan tambarin gidan waya na Bermuda a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin "Masu Gabatar da Ci Gaba". 

## Manazarta
Justa Barrios

**Justa Barrios** (ta mutu a ranar 2 ga Mayu, 2020) ma'aikaciyar kula da gida ce ta Amurka kuma mai shirya ma'aikata wadda ta yi aiki tare da kamfen ɗin Ain't IA Woman?, haɗin gwiwar ƙwararrun masu kula da marasa lafiya, a kan aikin sa'o'i 24 na rana da kuma National Mobilization Against Sweatshops (NMASS), wata ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta talakawa .

## Rayuwa
Barrios ma'aikaciyar kula da gida ce tsawon shekaru 18 kuma musamman tana aiki na awanni 24 na tsawon shekaru 14, kwana biyar a mako. Ta kamu da matsananciyar asma da matsalolin zuciya sakamakon haka.  A ranar 2 ga Mayu, 2020, kamfen ɗin Aint IA Woman? ya ba da rahoton cewa Barrios ya mutu sakamakon COVID-19 . 

Barrios tana aiki don rarraba Kayan Kariyar Kai ga ma'aikatan kula da gida a duk faɗin birnin New York jim kaɗan kafin ta kamu da cutar COVID-19.  

Barrios ta yi aiki tare da ƙungiyar Ain't IA Woman? don sauya yanayin ƙa'idodin aiki na New York wanda ya ba wa hukumomi damar biyan ma'aikata awanni 13 kacal na aiki na awanni 24 a rana. An buƙaci wasu ma'aikata su yi aiki na tsawon kwanaki biyar zuwa shida a jere, wanda Barrios da wasu suka amince da shi a matsayin wata manufa ta rashin tausayi. Barrios ta fahimci cewa ta yi wannan aikin "da babban farashi ga lafiyata." [1] Likitar ta ce ba za ta iya yin aiki a waɗannan lokutan ba saboda rashin lafiyarta. Duk da haka, Allcare Homecare Agency, hukumar kula da gida da take yi wa aiki, ta ƙi ba ta aikin da ya wuce sa'o'i 24, wanda hakan ya sa Barrios ba ta da aikin yi . [2] [3] Lokacin da Barrios da sauran ma'aikata suka koka game da rashin biyan albashi ga hukumar, an ruwaito cewa Allcare ta yi musu barazanar korar su, waɗanda za su kai rahotonsu ga Hukumar Kula da Shige da Fice da Kwastam ta Amurka . [1]

## Manazarta
Diana Baldwin

**Diana Baldwin **' yar Amurka ce mai karɓar baƙi a asibiti kuma mai hakar ma'adinai. Ita da Anita Cherry, waɗanda aka ɗauke su aiki a matsayin masu hakar ma'adinai a shekarar 1973, ana kyautata zaton su ne mata na farko da suka yi aiki a wani ma'adinan kwal a ƙarƙashin ƙasa a Amurka. Su ne mata na farko da suka yi aiki a cikin ma'aikatan United Mine Workers of America da suka yi aiki a cikin ma'adinan.   

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Baldwin a ranar 31 ga Agusta, 1948, ga Lelar Baldwin, a Letcher County, Kentucky . Ta fara aiki a matsayin mai hidimar abinci, sannan ta zama mai karɓar baƙi a wani asibitin likita. A wannan lokacin, Diana tana da 'ya'ya 3 - Lori, an haife ta a 1966, Scott, wanda ya rayu 1968 - 2022, da Mark, an haife ta a 1970. Daga baya ta auri James Roger Gibbs (m. 1982 - 1991). Baldwin ta koma South Carolina a 1992 inda ta sami lasisin tuƙinta na kasuwanci kuma ta zama direban babbar mota a kan hanya. Ta haɗu da William Christian, direban babbar mota. Sun yi aure daga 1994 zuwa 2002. [1] [2]

## Aikin hakar kwal
A shekarar 1973, Baldwin (mai shekaru 29) ta yanke shawarar cewa tana buƙatar aiki mai kyau don biyan kuɗinta don tallafa wa iyalinta. Ta nemi aiki a wani wurin hakar kwal da Kamfanin Haƙar Kwal na Beth-Elkhorn ke gudanarwa a Jenkins, Kentucky kuma aka ɗauke ta aiki. Ba da daɗewa ba, aka jawo hankalin ƙasa a matsayin mace mai hakar kwal. Walter Cronkite ya yi wani labari game da Baldwin a shekarar 1973. Ta kuma fito a shirin *What's My Line?.* *[[New York Times|Jaridar New York Times]]* ta yi mata hira a watan Mayu na 1974. Kafin ta yi ritaya, Baldwin ta zama Shugaban Haƙar Ma'adinai sannan Mataimakin Mai Kula da Haƙar Ma'adinai na Tarayya.   

## Mutuwa
Baldwin ya mutu sakamakon cutar lupus a South Carolina a ranar 28 ga Mayu, 2016, yana da shekaru 67. 

## Manazarta
Mary Cornelia Barker

**Mary Cornelia Barker** (1879 - 1963) malamar makaranta ce kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ma'aikata ta Amurka. Ta kasance shugabar ƙungiyar malamai ta Amurka daga 1925 zuwa 1931.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Barker a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 1879, a Rockmart, Georgia. Ta kammala karatunta daga Kwalejin Agnes Scott a shekarar 1909.  Barker ta fara koyarwa a Makarantun Jama'a na Atlanta a shekarar 1904. Ta yi aiki a makarantu da dama a Atlanta, ciki har da yin aiki a matsayin shugabar makaranta a makarantu uku daga 1921 zuwa 1944, shekarar da ta yi ritaya. 

A shekarar 1905, Barker ta fara shiga cikin ƙungiyar kwadago, musamman aiki kan ma'aunin albashi da inganta yanayin aiki tare da Ƙungiyar Malaman Makarantun Jama'a ta Atlanta (APSTA). A shekarar 1919, APSTA ta haɗu da Ƙungiyar Malaman Makaranta ta Amurka (AFT). Barker ta kuma kasance memba na Ƙungiyar 'Yan Kasuwa ta Atlanta da Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Georgia. [1] Barker ta taimaka wajen kafa Makarantar Ma'aikata ta bazara a Atlanta, Georgia. Wannan shirin ya samar da horo kan ƙungiyar kwadago ga mata da ke aiki a masana'antu daban-daban kamar yadi. [2]

Baya ga fafutukar da take yi wa ma'aikata, Barker ta kasance mamba a ƙungiyoyin jama'a da dama kamar Atlanta League of Women Voters da Southern Conference for Human Welfare, Atlanta Urban League, da kuma Atlanta Commission on Interface Cooperation . 

Barker ya mutu a ranar 15 ga Satumba, 1963, a Atlanta, Georgia. 

## Manazarta
Sarah Bagley

**Sarah George Bagley** (19 ga Afrilu, 1806   – Janairu 15, 1889) ta kasance shugabar ma'aikata ta Amurka a New England a shekarun 1840; mai fafutukar rage yawan aiki ga ma'aikatan masana'antu da makanikai, ta yi fafutukar samun matsakaicin sa'o'i goma na aiki a kowace rana a Massachusetts .

Ayyukanta na tallafawa ma'aikatan masana'antar a Lowell, Massachusetts, sun sanya ta cikin hulɗa da wata babbar hanyar masu kawo sauyi a fannoni na haƙƙin mata, mulkin kama-karya, kawar da gwamnati, zaman lafiya, gyaran gidajen yari, da kuma gyaran lafiya. Bagley da abokan aikinta sun shiga cikin ayyukan gyaran gidaje na matsakaicin matsayi, suna nuna hanyoyin da ma'aikata ke rungumar wannan sha'awar gyaran yayin da suka canza kuma suka yi suka ga wasu muhimman abubuwan da ke cikinsa. Ayyukanta a cikin ƙungiyar ma'aikata sun bayyana yawancin rikice-rikicen da ke ƙarƙashin dangantaka tsakanin ma'aikata maza da mata da kuma ƙuntatawa ga jinsi da mata masu fafutuka suka sha wahala. 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Sarah George Bagley a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 1806, a Candia, New Hampshire, ga Rhoda (née Witham) da Nathan Bagley, dukkansu 'yan asalin manyan iyalai na New England. Nathan da Rhoda sun yi noma, sun sayar da filaye, kuma sun mallaki ƙaramin injin niƙa don biyan bukatun iyalinsu. Tana da 'yan'uwa maza biyu, Thomas da Henry, da kuma 'yar'uwa ɗaya, Mary Jane.  

## Rayuwar manya

### Aikin yadi
A shekara ta 1837, tana da shekaru 31, Bagley ta fara bayyana a Lowell, Massachusetts, tana aiki a Hamilton Mills. Da farko ta yi aiki a matsayin mai saƙa sannan ta yi aiki a matsayin mai gyaran tufafi, kuma a shekara ta 1840 ta tara isassun kuɗi don yin ajiya a gidan da iyayenta da 'yan'uwanta ke zaune.  Duk da haka, Bagley ba ta gamsu da yanayin aiki ba kuma ta buga ɗaya daga cikin rubuce-rubucenta na farko, "Pleasures of Factory Life", a cikin fitowar 1840 ta *Lowell Offering*, wata mujallar adabi da mata masu aiki suka rubuta, suka gyara, kuma suka buga.  Ta rubuta cewa waɗannan "jin daɗi", kamar ziyarar mala'iku ne: "ƙananan kuma nesa da juna."

A ƙarshen watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1842, masu saƙa 70 a kamfanin Middlesex Mills sun bar ayyukansu, suna zanga-zangar rashin amincewa da sabuwar buƙatar da aka gabatar ta kula da mayafai biyu maimakon ɗaya. An kori ma'aikatan kuma aka sanya su cikin jerin sunayen ma'aikata, kuma ba da daɗewa ba, Bagley ya bar Hamilton Mills ya tafi aiki a Middlesex (wasu masana tarihi sun bayyana wannan matakin a matsayin "karya yajin aiki"). Tsakanin 1842 da 1844, ma'aikatan masaƙa sama da 1,000 sun bar Lowell sakamakon rage albashi da tsawaita lokacin aiki saboda koma bayan tattalin arziki. A watan Maris na shekarar 1844, a ƙarƙashin ingantattun yanayin tattalin arziki, kamfanonin masaƙa sun ɗaga albashin ma'aikatan masaƙa maza - amma ba mata ba - zuwa matakan 1842. [1]

## Manazarta
Dorothy Jacobs Bellanca

**Dorothy Jacobs Bellanca** (10 ga Agusta, 1894) A ranar 16 ga Agusta, 1946) 'yar fafutukar kwadago ce 'yar Amurka wacce ta wakilci mata ma'aikata a masana'antar tufafi . Ta koma Amurka ta fara aikinta na farko a matsayin mai raba magudanar ruwa, sannan daga baya ta fara shirya ƙungiyoyi nata. Ta kasance shugaba mai ƙarfi kuma wannan ya sa ta zama mace mai cikakken tsari. Ta kasance shugaba kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a wacce ke aiki don dalilai daban-daban.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Bellanca a Zemel, Daular Rasha, a matsayin ƙarama daga cikin 'ya'ya mata huɗu na Harry Jacobs, mai dinki, da Bernice Edith Levinson. [1] Ta yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka a shekara ta 1900, ta kuma zauna a Baltimore, Maryland . Aikinta na farko shi ne na magudanar ruwa ta hannu don rigunan maza, tana da shekaru 13. Ta sami dala uku a mako na tsawon awanni goma a rana. A shekara ta 1909, tana da shekaru 15, ta shirya masu yin maɓallan Baltimore zuwa Local 170 na United Garment Workers of America . [2]

A shekarar 1914, Bellanca ta jagoranci ƙungiyarta zuwa ga ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Tufafi ta Amurka (ACWA) masu ci gaba, waɗanda ke haɓaka haɗin kai a aji da kuma tsara mata. Ta halarci taron kafa ACWA tare da wasu mata huɗu; ta zama sakatariyar Hukumar Haɗin gwiwa; kuma ta kafa Sashen Ilimi a ranar 21 ga Oktoba, 1915. Ita ce mace ɗaya tilo da ta yi aiki a hukumar a shekarar 1916.  

A shekarar 1917, ta zama mace ta farko da ta zama mai shirya ƙungiyar a cikakken lokaci. A wannan matsayin, ta ba da gudummawa akai-akai ga takardar ACWA, *Advance*, kuma ta haɓaka al'adar da ta shafi membobin ƙungiyar da iyalansu.  Jacobs ta yi ƙoƙari don saka ra'ayin mata a cikin ƙungiyar kwadago kuma ta himmatu wajen taimakawa wajen inganta yanayi ga mata masu aiki . Ta ƙarfafa alaƙar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin jinsi. 

A shekarar 1918, ta auri August Bellanca, wani shugaban ƙungiyar kwadago ta ACWA ta Italiya. A watan Yulin 1924, ta kafa Sashen Mata a cikin ACWA. Sashen ya rushe a shekarar 1926 lokacin da Bellanca ta ji cewa maza ba su ji daɗin hakan ba. 

## Manazarta
Sylvia Bernstein (mai fafutuka)

**Sylvia Bernstein** ( née **Walker** ; 6 ga Nuwamba, 1915 - 23 ga Nuwamba, 2003) ƙwararriyar mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a ce ta Amurka.  

## Bayani
An haifi Sylvia Walker a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 1915, ga Yahudawan da suka yi hijira daga Rasha. Ta yi karatun Sakandare ta Tsakiya da Jami'ar George Washington . 

## Sana'a
A shekarun 1930, ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatare a Sashen Yaƙi . [1] A shekarun 1940, ita da mijinta sun kasance membobin jam'iyyar Kwaminis ; sakamakon haka, a cewar ɗansu, Carl Bernstein, gwamnati ta tsananta musu. [1] Lokacin da kwamitin majalisar dokoki ya tambaye su game da shigarta cikin jam'iyyar, Bernstein ta yi amfani da haƙƙinta na Biyar na Kwaskwarima kan cin zarafin kai. [1] A shekarar 1962, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kididdiga tare da Resources for the Future, wata cibiyar tunani ta tattalin arziki. [1] Daga 1964 zuwa 1989, ta yi aiki a sashen bayar da kyaututtuka a Garfinckel's . [1] Daga nan ta yi aiki a gwamnatin Bill Clinton inda ta amsa wasiƙun uwargidan shugaban ƙasa Hillary Rodham Clinton . [1] Ta kasance memba mai himma a jam'iyyar Democrat kuma memba ce a cikin ƙungiyar Women Strike for Peace da ke zanga-zangar makaman nukiliya da Yaƙin Vietnam . [1] Ta taimaka wajen kawar da wuraren cin abinci na Gundumar, wurin shakatawa na Glen Echo da wuraren waha na jama'a da wuraren wasa. [1] Ta kuma yi kamfen a madadin Julius da Ethel Rosenberg, waɗanda aka kashe a shekarar 1953 saboda leƙen asiri. [1]

## Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa
Walker ya auri Alfred Bernstein, wani mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a. Suna da 'ya'ya uku: ɗan jarida Carl Bernstein, Mary Bernstein, da Laura Bernstein.  

Sylvia Bernstein ta mutu tana da shekaru 88 a ranar 23 ga Nuwamba, 2003, a Washington, DC 

## Duba kuma

* *Loyalties*, wani tarihin rayuwar Carl Bernstein game da rayuwar iyayensa a lokacin McCarthy

## Manazarta
Jane Benedict

**Jane Benedict** (10 ga Nuwamba, 1911 - 18 ga Yuni, 2005) ƙwararriyar mai fafutukar gidaje ce ta Amurka kuma mai shirya ƙungiyar ƙwadago.  Ta haɗu da kafa Majalisar Metropolitan kan Gidaje, wata ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin masu haya a birnin New York . 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife ta a matsayin Jane Wiley Benedict a Manhattan, ta halarci Kwalejin Mata ta Connecticut kafin ta koma Jami'ar Cornell, inda ta kammala karatun digiri a shekarar 1933 da digirin farko a Turanci.  Bayan ta koma birnin New York, ta yi aiki a sashen littattafai na Macy kuma ta shiga cikin shirya ƙungiyoyin kwadago ta hanyar ƙungiyar Book and Magazine, wani ɓangare na Ofishin Haɗin gwiwa da Ma'aikatan Ƙwararru na Amurka . 

Benedict ta fara fafutukar kare matsalolin gidaje a farkon shekarun 1950 yayin da take zaune a unguwar Yorkville da ke Manhattan, inda sake gina gidaje ya raba mazauna da dama da muhallinsu. [1] [2] Ta kafa Kwamitin Ajiye Gidajenmu na Yorkville, tana fafutukar neman gidaje masu araha da hadewa. [1] [2] Daga baya kwamitin ya hade da wasu kungiyoyin haya don kafa Majalisar Metropolitan a shekarar 1958, inda ya mai da hankali kan dokokin haya, kariyar korar mutane, da gidaje masu araha . [1] [2]

A shekarar 1982, Benedict ya tsaya takarar gwamnan New York a matsayin ɗan takarar jam'iyyar Unity Party of America, yana wakiltar haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata, masu haya, da kuma al'umma. 

Aurenta na farko ya ƙare da saki .  A shekara ta 1942, ta auri mai shirya ƙungiyar ma'aikata Peter Hawley, wanda ya mutu a shekara ta 1996.  Benedict ya mutu a Berkeley, California, a shekara ta 2005 kuma ya bar ɗa da 'ya mace. 

## Manazarta
Jaz Brisack

**Jaz Brisack**  (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga Agusta, 1997) wani mai shirya ƙungiyar 'yan kwadago ta Amurka ne, marubuci, kuma lauya. An san su da jagorantar ƙoƙarin haɗin gwiwa a Starbucks, musamman a wani shagon Buffalo, New York .

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Jazlyn Brisack a Texas a shekarar 1997. [1] An koyar da su gida a Alcoa, Tennessee, inda suka girma. [2] Iyalinsu ' yan Democrat ne masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, kuma sun fara sha'awar fafutuka tun farkon rayuwarsu. [3] Suna da shekaru 16, sun yi aiki a matsayin mai wanke-wanke a Panera Bread inda suka saba da matsalolin abokan aikinsu a matsayin ma'aikata masu ƙarancin albashi a cikin mawuyacin hali na aiki. [4] [5] Sun fara sha'awar ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata a can. [3]

Sun halarci Jami'ar Mississippi har zuwa 2019, suna da digiri a fannin Manufofin Jama'a, Aikin Jarida, da Turanci .   A nan sun sami tallafin karatu na Harry S. Truman, kuma su ne na farko da ba namiji ba a jami'ar da aka ba shi tallafin karatu na Rhodes .   Su kuma ɗalibi ne a shirin girmamawa na jami'ar, Kwalejin Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors .  Brisack sun kammala karatunsu a Kwalejin Wadham, Oxford cikin shekara guda tare da digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin ilimi.  A da, sun kasance marubuciya mai rubuce-rubuce ga jaridar *The Daily Mississippian*, wata jarida ta ɗalibai. 

## Aiki da fafutuka

### 2016 zuwa 2019
Brisack ta fara aikinta a shekarar 2016 tana aiki a matsayin malami-mai ba da shawara ga Sunflower Freedom Project,  kuma a shekarar 2017 tana aiki na ɗan lokaci a wani kamfen tare da United Auto Workers  don haɗa masana'antar Nissan a Canton, Mississippi .   An soki Nissan saboda ɗaya daga cikin ƙoƙarin "mafi muni" na karya ƙungiyar ma'aikata a tarihi. Yunkurin ƙungiyar bai yi nasara ba.   Sun kuma yi aiki don taimakawa wajen kare Ƙungiyar Lafiya ta Mata ta Jackson .  Sun ce aikinsu ya samo asali ne daga Eugene V. Debs da Mary Harris Jones .  

A shekarar 2018, an buga ɗaya daga cikin takardun Brisack, *Organizing Unions as Social Policy*, a cikin *Global Encyclopedia of Public Policy and Public Administration.*   Sun kuma lashe kyautar a bikin adabi na Kudancin da ke Mississippi.  A shekarar 2019, Brisack ta ƙaura zuwa Buffalo, New York, bayan Richard Bensinger, wanda suka yi aiki tare da shi a kan haɗin gwiwa na Nissan, don fara kamfen ɗin shirya ƙungiyar a SPoT Coffee .   Yaƙin neman zaɓe a SPoT ya yi nasara a ƙarshe. 

## Manazarta
Selma Munter Borchardt

**Selma Munter Borchardt** (Disamba 1, 1895 - Janairu 30, 1968) malamar makaranta ce ta Amurka, lauya, shugabar ma'aikata kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a.  Tsakanin 1946 da 1951, ta kasance memba na kwamitin da ya tsara yarjejeniyar UNESCO . A shekarar 1935, Franklin D. Roosevelt ya zaɓe ta a matsayin memba na kwamitin ba da shawara na ƙasa na Hukumar Kula da Matasa ta Ƙasa.  Ta kuma yi aiki a Ofishin Ilimi na Amurka a Hukumar Ilimi ta Lokacin Yaƙi (1941–1945). 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Selma Munter Borchardt a ranar 1 ga Disamba, 1895, a Washington, DC, Amurka. Selma Munter Borchardt 'yar Newman Borchardt ce, wani soja kuma jami'in gwamnati, da kuma Sara Munter. Iyalinta sun yi ƙaura daga Jamus.  A shekarar 1914 ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Tsakiya ta Washington . Ta ci gaba da karatunta na gaba a Jami'ar Syracuse, New York, inda ta sami digirin AB da digirin BS a fannin ilimi. Daga baya, a shekarar 1933, ta kammala karatun digirin LL. B daga Kwalejin Shari'a ta Washington (daga baya ta zama Kwalejin Shari'a ta Jami'ar Amurka ta Washington). A halin yanzu, ta sami digirin AM a fannin zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Katolika ta Amurka, Washington, DC, a shekarar 1937.   

A shekarar 1922 ta fara aikinta na ƙwararru a matsayin malamar Turanci a makarantun gwamnati na Gundumar Columbia, kuma ta ci gaba har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a matsayin shugabar sashen Turanci a Makarantar Sakandare ta Gabas ta Washington a watan Disamba na 1960.  Ta yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin mai kula da makarantun karkara a Montgomery County, Maryland . A lokacin da ta daɗe tana hidima a rayuwar jama'a, ta yi ƙoƙarin haɗa ayyukanta a matsayin malamar makaranta, lauya, da kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ma'aikata. 

Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka fara shiga ƙungiyar Malaman Makaranta ta Gundumar Columbia, inda ta yi aiki tukuru a matsayin sakatariyar zartarwa. A shekarar 1924 ta zama mataimakiyar shugabar ƙungiyar Malaman Makaranta ta Amurka (AFT). Daga 1927 zuwa 1946, ita ce darakta ta ƙungiyar Ilimi ta Duniya . [1] Tsakanin 1929 da 1955, ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatariya ta kwamitin ilimi na ƙungiyar kwadago ta Amurka . A shekarar 1934 aka shigar da ita ƙungiyar lauyoyi ta Washington, DC, kuma bayan shekaru 10, a shekarar 1944, ta zama memba na ƙungiyar lauyoyi ta Kotun Koli. [2] [3]

## Manazarta
Dorothy Lee Bolden

**Dorothy Lee Bolden** (13 ga Oktoba, 1924 - 14 ga Yuli, 2005) ita ce ta kafa Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Gida ta Ƙasa ta Amurka kuma ta yi aiki don yaƙi da haƙƙin mata, albashin rayuwa, da kuma kawo ƙarshen wariya .  Bolden ta fara aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar gida tana da shekaru tara. Daga ƙarshe ta yi amfani da gogewarta ta baya don kafa Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Gida a Atlanta, Georgia .

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Bolden a ranar 13 ga Oktoba, 1924, a Atlanta, Georgia .  Bolden 'yar Georgia Mae Patterson Bolden ce da Raymond Bolden.  Iyayenta biyu sun kula da iyalansu, mahaifiyarta mai kula da gida ce, mahaifinta kuma direba ne.  Ilimin farko ya yi wa Bolden wahala saboda rashin gani sosai. Bayan faɗuwa da ta yi wanda ya lalata jijiyar idonta tana da shekaru uku, ba ta sami gani ba sai da ta kai shekara tara.  Ta fara aiki tana da shekaru tara a matsayin ma'aikaciyar gida kuma za ta ci gaba da wannan aikin tsawon shekaru arba'in da tara.  Bolden ta je Makarantar Firamare ta EP Johnson sannan ta je Makarantar Sakandare ta David T. Howard .  Duk da haka, ta halarci aji tara ne kawai sannan ta tsaya saboda tana buƙatar tallafa wa kanta da kuɗi. A matsayinta na matashiya, ta yi tafiya zuwa Chicago don zuwa makarantar masu zane-zanen tufafi, amma rashin ganinta ya hana ta karatu. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, Bolden ta kuma yi aiki a Sears da National Linen Service, inda ta fahimci ƙoƙarin farko na haɗin gwiwa da haƙƙin ma'aikata.  Martin Luther King Jr. ya kasance mai tasiri a rayuwar Bolden, wanda maƙwabcinsa ne a lokacin Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama . 

## Sana'a
Bolden ma'aikaciyar gida ce ta tsawon rayuwarta kuma tana alfahari da sana'arta.  Sau da yawa tana yaba wa wannan aikin kuma an ambato ta a cikin wani ƙarin bayani ga Jaridar Atlanta da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Atlanta a shekarar 1983 tana cewa "Ma'aikaciyar gida mai ba da shawara ce, likita, ma'aikaciyar jinya. Tana kula da iyalin da take yi wa aiki domin tana kula da nata." Amma ma'aikatan gida "ba a taɓa amincewa da su a matsayin wani ɓangare na ma'aikata ba." 

Bolden ta zama mai fafutuka tun kafin sake bullowar ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin jama'a a shekarun 1960. A ƙarshen shekarun 1940, Bolden ta ƙi buƙatar shugabanta, wata farar fata, da ta tsaya a makare ta wanke kwanuka. Shugabanta ya sanar da 'yan sandan yankin, waɗanda suka mayar da martani ta hanyar kai ta gidan yarin gundumar don yin gwajin lafiyar kwakwalwa. A cikin wata hira ta baki da aka yi da ita a shekarar 1995, Bolden ta tuna da tsananin lamarin. "Sun gaya mini cewa na haukace saboda na yi magana da wata farar fata, kuma na kira wasu likitocin tabin hankali don su tabbatar da hakan," in ji Bolden. "Kalmar mace farar fata bishara ce, kuma likitocin tabin hankali biyu sun yi tunanin cewa ni mahaukaci ne... Wannan ita ce hanyar da aka kulle ku...Wannan ita ce tsarin." [1]

## Manazarta
Susan Bianchi-Sand

**Susan Jane Bianchi-Sand** (an haife ta a ranar 8 ga Janairu, 1947) tsohuwar 'yar ƙasar Amurka ce mai rajin kare haƙƙin ma'aikata.

An haife ta a Buffalo, New York, Bianchi-Sand ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Maryland, kafin ta zama mai kula da jirgin sama a United Airlines . Ta shiga Ƙungiyar Masu Kula da Jiragen Sama (AFA), kuma a shekarar 1979 aka zaɓe ta a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban ƙungiyar, sannan a shekarar 1986 a matsayin shugabar ƙungiyar. A wannan matsayin, ta yi nasarar yin fafutukar hana shan taba a cikin jiragen cikin gida a Amurka. An kuma zaɓe ta a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar AFL-CIO, a lokacin, ɗaya daga cikin mata uku kacal da suka zauna a majalisar zartarwa ta ƙungiyar. [1]

A shekarar 1991, Bianchi-Sand ta sha kaye a zaɓen ta na shugaban ƙungiyar AFA.  Ta bar ƙungiyar a shekarar 1992, ta zama babbar darekta a Kwamitin Ƙasa kan Daidaiton Albashi.  A shekarar 1999, ta zama darakta a ƙungiyar ma'aikatan jinya ta United American, kuma ta yi shawarwari kan alaƙar ƙungiyar da AFL-CIO.  

## Manazarta
Margaret Blackshere

**Margaret Blackshere** (ta mutu a ranar 6 ga Yuli, 2019) ƙwararriyar mai tsara ayyukan kwadago ce kuma shugabar ƙungiyar kwadago ta Amurka. Ita ce mace ta farko da ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar ƙungiyar kwadago ta Illinois AFL-CIO .

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Blackshere a Arewacin Venice, Illinois . 

Ta sami digirin digiri na biyu a fannin ilimi a Jami'ar Kudancin Illinois Edwardsville . 

## Sana'a
Blackshere ta fara aikinta a matsayin malamar makarantar yara a Madison, Illinois . A can, ta tsara sauran malamanta, wanda hakan ya sa malaman makarantar suka zama alaƙa da Ƙungiyar Malaman Illinois, wani ɓangare na Ƙungiyar Malaman Amurka .  Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar IFT Local 763, daga baya kuma ta zama mataimakiyar shugabar IFT a duk faɗin jihar. 

A shekarar 1993, an zaɓe ta Blackshere a matsayin sakatare-ma'ajin kuɗi na Illinois AFL-CIO. A shekarar 2000, an zaɓe ta a matsayin shugabar ƙasa bayan zaɓen farko da ƙungiyar ta yi takara a kai. [1] [2] Ita ce mace ta farko da ta riƙe wannan muƙami a Illinois, kuma mace ta biyu da ta jagoranci ƙungiyar tarayya a ƙasar. [3] [2] Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar ƙasa har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 2007. [4] [5]

A matsayinsa na shugaban ƙasa, Blackshere ya ƙirƙiro goyon bayan Rod Blagojevich da wuri kafin yaƙin neman zaɓen gwamna a Illinois na 2002. 

Blackshere wakiliya ce a Babban Taron Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma memba ce a Kwamitin Jam'iyyar Democrat na Ƙasa.   Bayan ta yi ritaya daga Illinois AFL-CIO, Blackshere ta yi kamfen ga Barack Obama a faɗin ƙasar a lokacin zaɓen fidda gwani na shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyyar Democrat na 2008.  Ta kuma kasance babbar wakiliya a Babban Taron Jam'iyyar Democrat a 2008, inda ta goyi bayan Barack Obama fiye da Hillary Clinton . 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Blackshere ta haifi 'ya'ya maza biyu. Ta mutu a shekarar 2019 sakamakon matsalolin da suka shafi cutar Parkinson . 

## Manazarta
Elizabeth Bunn

**Mary Elizabeth Bunn** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1951) tsohuwar mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ma'aikata ce ta Amurka.

Bunn ta girma a Detroit kuma ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Jihar Wayne da Jami'ar Michigan, inda ta cancanci zama lauya. A shekarar 1985, an naɗa ta a matsayin mataimakiyar babban lauya ga ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Motoci ta United Auto (UAW). Ta kuma shiga Ƙungiyar Marubuta ta Ƙasa . A shekarar 1995, ta zama mataimakiyar gudanarwa ga shugaban UAW, sannan a shekarar 1998, aka zaɓe ta a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar ƙungiyar, inda ta maye gurbin Carolyn Forrest . A wannan shekarar, an zaɓe ta a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar AFL-CIO .    

Da farko Bunn ta jagoranci Sashen Mata na UAW, ta shirya kamfen ɗin mata-da-mata a Michigan a shekarar 2000, wanda ya haɗa mata da yawa a harkokin siyasa a karon farko. Daga baya ta jagoranci Sashen Fasaha, Ofisoshi da Ƙwararru, inda ta sami haƙƙin ciniki ga dubban ma'aikatan ilimi da na kiwon lafiya, da ma'aikatan Kentucky. Matsayinta na gaba shine jagorantar Sashen Shaguna/Masu Zaman Kansu, Sassan Kayayyaki, da Masu Kaya, suna tattaunawa kan kwangilolin ƙasa. A shekarar 2002, an zaɓe ta a matsayin sakatare-ma'aji na ƙungiyar, tana aiki har zuwa 2010. Daga nan aka naɗa ta a matsayin darektan shiryawa na AFL-CIO. [1] [2] [3]

## Manazarta
Clayola Brown

**Clayola Brown** (an haife ta **Clayola Beatrice Oliver** ; 1948) ƙwararriyar ƙungiyar ma'aikata ce 'yar asalin Amurka, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a kuma Shugabar Ƙasashen Duniya ta APRI tun daga watan Agusta na 2004. Ita ce mace ta farko da ta ɗauki wannan matsayi. Brown ta kuma riƙe muƙamai a matsayin Mataimakiyar Shugaba ta Ƙasashen Duniya ta Farko a kwamitin zartarwa na Ƙungiyar Tsaron Ma'aikata da kuma Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ma'aikata Baƙaƙe (CBTU). An ba ta kyaututtukan Keeper of Flame Awards, NAACP Leadership, CBTU Woman Valor Award   da kuma Eugene V. Debs Award saboda gudummawarta ga ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haife ta a ranar 4 ga Agusta, 1948, a Charleston, South Carolina, Brown ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Simon Graz da ke Philadelphia a shekarar 1966. Tana da shekaru 15, Brown ta yi aiki tare da mahaifiyarta, Ann Belle Jenkins Shands, a wani yunkuri na kafa masana'antar riguna ta Manhattan da ke Charleston, South Carolina. Ta sami digirinta na farko daga Jami'ar Florida A&M a shekarar 1970, inda ta yi karatun motsa jiki da kuma karatun sakandare. [1] [2] [3]

## Sana'a
Bayan kammala karatunta, Brown ta yi aiki tare da TWUA a sashen da'awarsu a Opelika, Alabama . Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɗa kamfanin yadi JP Stevens, wanda a shekarar 1980 ya jagoranci ma'aikata 4,000 da aka yi kwangila da su ta hanyar sabuwar ACTWU . Ta yi aiki a can a matsayin darakta mai kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, daraktan ilimi da kuma manaja a Sashen Wanki nasu. A shekarar 1991, an zaɓe ta a matsayin Mataimakiyar Shugabar ACTWU; tana riƙe da wannan muƙamin tsawon sama da shekaru goma. A shekarar 1994, Shugaba Bill Clinton ya naɗa ta a Kwamitin Ƙasa kan Manufofin Aiki. A shekarar 1995, Brown ta taimaka wajen kafa Ƙungiyar Cinikin Allura, Ma'aikatan Masana'antu da Yadi ta hanyar haɗa Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Tufafin Mata ta Duniya (ILGWU) da ACTWU.   Ta yi aiki a manyan mukamai na shugabanci tare da Hukumar Gidauniyar Baƙar fata ta Congressional, Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Kwamitin Zartarwa na Ƙungiyar Tsaron Ma'aikata da Gidauniyar Sidney Hillman . Ta halarci Jami'ar Amurka da Jami'ar York a birnin New York don karatun digiri na biyu. Tana koyarwa a Jami'ar Cornell kuma tana tattaunawa da Kwalejin Trinity kan batutuwan 'yan Afirka na Amurka.  

## Manazarta
Yuni Croll

**June Croll** (1901-1967) ya kasance mai tsara ayyukan kwadago na Amurka wanda ya fi himma a cikin shekarun tsakanin yaƙi.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi June Croll Sonia Croll a shekarar 1901 a Odessa da ke Ukraine, a lokacin wani ɓangare na Daular Rasha .  A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, ta yi ƙaura zuwa Kanada ba bisa ƙa'ida ba sannan ta koma Amurka, inda take aiki a masana'antar tufafi a birnin New York tana da shekaru 12.   Ba a san lokacin da ta canza sunanta daga Sonia zuwa Yuni ba.

Croll ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar kwadago, tana shirya ma'aikatan yadi da ma'aikatan ma'adinai, sannan ta jagoranci yajin aiki. [1] Ta shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis, kuma a shekarar 1935 ta zama sakatariya ta Ƙungiyar Masu Yaƙin Nazi. [1] Daga baya ta zama babbar darekta ta Ƙungiyar Emma Lazarus ta Ƙungiyoyin Mata na Yahudawa (ELF). [2] ELF ƙungiya ce mai ci gaba da Clara Lemlich da wasu suka kafa don samar da agaji ga waɗanda suka sha wahala a Yaƙin Duniya na 2, don yaƙi da ƙiyayya ga Yahudawa, da kuma samar da shirye-shiryen ilimi kan asalin Yahudawa da haƙƙin mata. [3] Croll ta ci gaba da riƙe wannan aikin a lokacin mutuwarta a 1967. [2]

Imaninta na gurguzu da fafutukar ma'aikata sun sa ta zama abin da McCarthyism ke nema. An yi ƙoƙarin korar ta, kuma aka kira ta ta ba da shaida a gaban Kwamitin Ayyukan da Ba na Amurka ba na Majalisar Wakilai . 

Ta mutu a shekarar 1967.

## Manazarta
Sara Conboy

**Sara Agnes Mclaughlin Conboy** (3 ga Afrilu, 1870 - 7 ga Janairu, 1928) ta kasance mai tsara ayyukan kwadago na Amurka.

An haife ta Sara Agnes Mclaughlin a Boston, Massachusetts . Tana da shekaru 11 ta fara aiki a masana'antar alewa, sannan ta yi aiki a masana'antar maɓalli kafin ta zama ƙwararren mai saƙa. A wannan lokacin ta auri wani mai aika wasiƙa mai suna Joseph P. Conboy, amma ya mutu shekaru biyu bayan haka. Yayin da take aiki a masana'antar kafet a Roxbury, ta jagoranci yajin aikin da ya ɗauki tsawon lokaci daga 1909 &#x2013; 10. 

Da ta girma zuwa shahara a cikin ƙungiyar ma'aikata, Sara ta taimaka wajen tsara ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Yadi ta Amurka, daga ƙarshe ta zama sakatare-ma'aji a shekarar 1915. [1] A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, an naɗa ta a Majalisar Tsaron Ƙasa . A shekarar 1920, ita ce mace ta farko da ta yi aiki a matsayin wakiliyar Amurka a Majalisar Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Burtaniya . Ita ce kuma mace ta farko da ta jagoranci banki a jihar New York, [2] kuma ta yi aiki a kwamitocin gwamnati da dama. [3] [4]

## Manazarta
Jennie Collins

**Jane "Jennie" Collins** (1828–1887) 'yar Amurka ce mai kawo sauyi a fannin kwadago, mai taimakon jama'a, kuma mai rajin kare hakkin jama'a . Tana da marayu tun tana ƙarama, ta tallafa wa kanta tana da shekaru 14 ta hanyar yin aiki a masana'antar auduga, daga baya kuma a matsayin mai aikin gida da kuma mai dinki. Ta kasance mai himma a cikin ƙungiyoyin masu fafutukar kawar da talauci da na kwadago, ta yi aikin sa kai a asibitocin soja a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa, kuma ta kafa wata ƙungiyar agaji ga mata marasa galihu a Boston . A shekarar 1870, bisa gayyatar Susan B. Anthony, ta yi jawabi a taron Ƙungiyar Mata Masu Zaɓen Jin Daɗi ta Ƙasa a Washington. A shekara mai zuwa, ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko a fannin aiki a Amurka da suka buga wani kundin rubuce-rubucenta: *Tsarin Mulkin Mallaka; Ko, Yaƙe-yaƙe da Raunuka a Lokacin Zaman Lafiya.* *Addu'a ga waɗanda aka zalunta* .

## Tarihin Rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Jennie Collins cikin talauci a Amoskeag, New Hampshire (wanda yanzu wani ɓangare ne na Manchester ), a shekarar 1828. Tana da marayu tun tana ƙarama, kakarta Quaker ta rene ta, wacce ta mutu lokacin da Jennie ke da shekaru 14. Ta bar ta don kula da kanta, ta yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a masana'antar auduga ta Lawrence da Lowell, sannan a matsayin mai gida a gidan Alkali John Lowell da ke Boston. Daga 1861 zuwa 1870 ta yi aiki a matsayin mai yin riguna ga Macullar, Williams & Parker, wani mai kera tufafi wanda daga baya masu shi suka taimaka mata wajen ba da kuɗin ayyukanta na agaji. Yayin da take aiki a Boston ta ɗauki darussan tarihi da siyasa da yamma, kuma ta koyar da kanta a fannin tarihi a Cocin Unity. Collins ta kasance mai sha'awar ministan Unitarian Theodore Parker, wanda ke wa'azi a Boston a lokacin.  Tana kuma da sha'awar Spiritualism, wata ƙungiyar addini da ke da alaƙa da ma'aikata da haƙƙin mata. 

Collins ta kasance mai adawa da bauta a fili, kamar yadda Parker ta kasance. A lokacin Yaƙin Basasa ta yi aikin sa kai a asibitocin soja, ta koyar da yaran sojoji, kuma ta shirya ƙungiyar mata na gida waɗanda ke yin ayyukan agaji ga sojojin Tarayyar a lokacin hutunsu. 

### Ƙungiyoyin fafutuka
A lokacin da take aiki a matsayin mai yin riguna, Collins ta fara magana kan batutuwan kwadago da mata da kuma yakin neman zabe ga 'yan takara na siyasa. A wani taron da ita kaɗai ce mace mai magana, ta yi jawabi don goyon bayan Ulysses S. Grant, Charles Sumner, da William Claflin . Ta yi jawabinta na farko a bainar jama'a a shekarar 1868, a Washington Hall, don goyon bayan haƙƙin mata. Ta fuskanci batun daga mahangar ma'aikata, kamar yadda Margaret Foley ta yi shekaru da yawa bayan haka. A wannan shekarar, ta yi jawabi a taron shirya taron ' Yan Mata na St. Crispin, ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta mata ta farko ta ƙasa a Amurka. [1] Sunanta ya ƙaru, kuma ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu jawabi a Boston kan batutuwa kamar gyaran aikin yara, awanni takwas na rana, da kuma ingantaccen albashi da yanayin aiki ga mata. A shekarar 1869 ta shiga Ƙungiyar Gyaran Ma'aikata ta Ƙasa kuma ta taimaka wajen shirya Ƙungiyar Mata Masu Aiki ta Boston. [2]

## Manazarta
Hattie Canty

**Hattie Canty** (10 ga Yuni, 1933 - 12 ga Yuli, 2012)  ' yar fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ce 'yar asalin Afirka a Las Vegas, Nevada . An kira ta "ɗaya daga cikin manyan shugabannin yajin aiki a tarihin Amurka." 

## Rayuwar farko da iyali
An haifi Canty a shekarar 1933 a karkarar St. Stephens, Alabama . [1] Daga baya ta ƙaura da yara biyu zuwa San Diego, California inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai dafa abinci da mai kula da gida. [2] A shekarar 1961, Canty ta ƙaura zuwa Las Vegas, Nevada. A shekarar 1972 ta ɗauki aiki a matsayin mai kula da yara a Thunderbird Hotel . Bayan mutuwar mijinta a shekarar 1975, an bar ta ta kula da yara takwas da kuɗin shigarta. Canty ta fara samun aiki a matsayin mai kula da yara a Gundumar Makarantar Clark County daga baya kuma a matsayin mai kula da yara a gidaje masu zaman kansu. Daga ƙarshe, ta sami aiki a Maxim Hotel and Casino (daga baya Westin Las Vegas ), wanda ya ba ta da 'ya'yanta damar samun inshorar lafiya.

## Gudanar da Ma'aikata a Las Vegas
A lokacin da take aiki a Otal ɗin Maxim ne ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar kwadago. Ta shiga Las Vegas Hotel and Culinary Workers Union Local 226  kuma aka zaɓe ta a kwamitin zartarwa. A shekarar 1984, Canty ta kasance wani ɓangare na shirin yajin aikin ma'aikatan gidan caca na Las Vegas waɗanda suka buƙaci ingantattun yanayi da fa'idodin inshora. Yajin aikin ya ɗauki tsawon kwanaki 75.  A shekarar 1990, an zaɓe ta shugabar Las Vegas Hotel and Culinary Workers Union Local 226.   A matsayinta na shugaba, ta jagoranci yajin aikin da aka yi ta yayatawa  A shekarar 1991, Canty ta jagoranci yajin aikin ma'aikatan abinci 550 daga New Frontier Hotel and Gambling Hall don nuna rashin adalci ga yanayin aiki. Yajin aikin shine yajin aikin ma'aikata mafi tsawo a tarihin Amurka kuma ya ɗauki tsawon shekaru shida da rabi.   

## Manazarta
Anna Clemenc

**Anna "Big Annie" Klobuchar Clemenc** [ a ] (Maris 2, 1888 - Yuli 27, 1956; an kira ta "Clements"  ) 'yar fafutukar kwadago ce ta Amurka. An haife ta a Calumet, Michigan, ta kafa kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar kungiyar taimakon mata ta gida mai lamba 15 ta kungiyar masu hakar ma'adinai ta Yammacin Turai kuma ta kasance mai taka rawa a cikin Yajin Aikin Ƙasa na Copper Country na 1913–1914 . Ta kasance memba a cikin Zauren Shahararrun Mata na Michigan .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Clemenc a shekarar 1888 a Calumet, Michigan, ga George da Mary (née Adam) Klobuchar, babban ɗansu, cikin 'ya'ya biyar.  A shekarar 1890 ko 1891, iyalin sun koma Slovenia, inda aka haifi ƙaramin ɗan'uwan Klobuchar, Mary, a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 1892. Sun zauna a ƙauyen Dobliče na George Klobuchar kusa da Črnomelj . Mary Adam Klobuchar ta fito ne daga Dolnja Paka, kuma kusa da Črnomelj .

A Amurka, George yana aiki a ɗaya daga cikin ma'adinan Calumet da Hecla kuma Mary ma'aikaciyar gida ce. 

### Ilimi
Annie Klobuchar ta kammala karatunta a aji takwas a wata makaranta da Kamfanin Haƙar Ma'adinai na Calumet da Hecla ke gudanarwa.   Daga nan ta fara aiki da wata cocin yankin da ke ba da taimako ga masu hakar ma'adinai na nakasassu kuma ta taimaka wa iyalinta da kuɗi ta hanyar wanki.  Saboda tsayinta  tsayi, Clemenc an fi saninsa da "Big Annie" kuma ba a fi saninsa da "Tall Annie" ba. 

### Auren farko
Tana da shekaru goma sha takwas, Anna ta auri wani ma'aikacin hakar ma'adinai na Slovenia, Joseph Clemenc. Bayanin Joseph kawai ya fito ne daga ɗan'uwan Anna Frank, wanda ya bayyana cewa Clemenc yana da  tsayi da "mai natsuwa da ladabi."  Bayan cin zarafin da Yusufu ya yi wa Anna da kuma rashin jituwar aure da ta shafi shan giyar Yusufu, ma'auratan sun rabu a kusan shekarar 1914. 

### Fafutukar Ma'aikata
A watan Fabrairun 1913, Clemenc ya jagoranci kafa Mataimakiyar Mata mai lamba 15 ta Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Haƙa Ma'adinai ta Yamma a Calumet. [1] A ranar 23 ga Yuli, an yi zanga-zangar masu hakar ma'adinai a Ƙasar Copper ta Michigan. [1] Clemenc ya kan jagoranci zanga-zangar goyon bayan masu hakar ma'adinai sanye da riga mai laushi ta gingham kuma yana ɗauke da babbar tutar Amurka a kan sandar ƙafa 10. [1] A watan Agusta, Clemenc ya jagoranci jerin gwanon jana'izar Alois Tijan da Steve Putrich waɗanda suka mutu a cikin Harkokin Seeberville . [1] A ranar 10 ga Satumba, Clemenc da wasu mata biyar sun hana wani mutum zuwa aiki, wanda suka yi imanin cewa ba mai yajin aiki ba ne, kuma an kama su bayan sun yi faɗa da 'yan majalisa. [1]

An zaɓi Clemenc a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar agaji a watan Disamba na 1913. 

## Manazarta
Elisabeth Christman

**Elisabeth Christman** (Satumba 2, 1881, Jamus - Afrilu 26, 1975, New Delphi, Indiana) ta kasance mai shirya ƙungiyar ƙwadago .

An haifi Christman ga Barbara Guth Christman da Henry Christman, wata ma'aikaciyar ƙungiyar mawaka mai suna Clarinet a Jamus a shekarar 1881. Ba da daɗewa ba iyalanta suka ƙaura zuwa Chicago, Illinois bayan an haife ta. Ta halarci makarantar Lutheran ta Jamus har sai da ta kai shekara 13, lokacin da ta bar makaranta don zama ma'aikaciyar masana'antar safar hannu a Eisendrath Glove Factory.  

## Shirya ƙungiyar ma'aikata
A shekarar 1902, bayan shekaru da dama na aiki na tsawon sa'o'i, ita da abokiyar aikinta Agnes Nestor sun jagoranci yajin aikin na tsawon kwanaki 10 cikin nasara. Wannan yajin aikin ya haifar da kafa Glove Workers of America Local 1. Christman da wasu mutane 27 sun kafa International Glove Workers Union of America . Ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatare-ma'ajin ƙungiyar daga 1913-1931. 

### Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Mata
A shekarar 1903, aka kafa ƙungiyar mata ta ƙungiyar kwadago, kuma Christman ta zama shugaba a matakin Chicago da na ƙasa a shekarar 1904. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata 'yan aji kaɗan da suka shiga cikin ayyukan ƙungiyar na yau da kullun har zuwa lokacin da ta mutu a shekarar 1950.  Ta yi aiki a mukamai da yawa a lokacin da take cikin ƙungiyar kamar haka:

A shekarar 1915, ta jagoranci yajin aiki a Kamfanin Masana'antu na Herzog, inda ta tara ma'aikata sama da 800 don gabatar da kwangila. Ta sami nasarar tsara ma'aikata da kwangila, kodayake yawancin ma'aikatan ba sa jin Turanci sosai kuma ba sa jin Turanci kuma sababbi ne ga ra'ayoyin ƙungiyar kwadago. 

### Gwamnatin Amurka
A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, shugabannin jam'iyyar Republican guda biyu sun naɗa ta a kwamitocin da suka shafi rashin aikin yi a shekarun 1921 da 1931, duk da cewa ta kasance 'yar Democrat a duk rayuwarta. Ta yi wa gwamnatin Amurka hidima a duk lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu a mukamai da dama na ba da shawara kamar:

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Christman ba ta taɓa yin aure ba, kuma ba ta haifi 'ya'ya ba. A ƙarshen rayuwarta, ta shafe lokaci mai tsawo a asibiti a matsayin majiyyaci, kodayake ta kuma shirya kuma ta jagoranci mata ma'aikatan asibiti. Ta mutu a gidan 'yar'uwarta da ke fama da cutar bugun jini a kwakwalwa a ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 1975. 

## Manazarta
Anita Cherry

**Anita Cherry** ma'aikaciyar jinya ce 'yar Amurka kuma ma'aikaciyar hakar kwal. Ita da Diana Baldwin, waɗanda aka ɗauke su aiki a matsayin ma'aikatan hakar kwal a shekarar 1973, ana kyautata zaton su ne mata na farko da suka yi aiki a wani ma'adinan kwal a ƙarƙashin ƙasa a Amurka. Su ne mata na farko da suka yi aiki a cikin ma'aikatan United Mine Workers of America da suka yi aiki a cikin ma'adinan.   

Kamfanin Haƙar Ma'adinai na Beth-Elkhorn da ke Jenkins, Kentucky ne suka ɗauki hayar Cherry da Baldwin. [1] [2]

## Manazarta