Marie Sophie Schwartz

**Marie Sophie Schwartz** née Biath (an haife ta a ranar 4 ga watan Yuli 1819 - 7 Mayu 1894), marubuciya ce ta Sweden . Tun daga lokacin ana kiranta a matsayin mafi nasara marubuta mata na ƙarshen karni na 19 a Sweden.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Marie Sophie Schwartz a Borås kuma ita ce shege 'yar baiwar Carolina Biath kuma, mai yiwuwa, na mai aiki, ɗan kasuwa mai aure Johan Daniel Broms. Jami'in kwastam Johan Trozig (d. 1830) da matarsa Gustafva Björk a Stockholm sun karbe ta: ita ma tana da 'yar'uwar riko, Albertina Biath. A cikin tarihin rayuwarta na hukuma, ta bayyana cewa mahaifiyarta Albertina Björk ce kuma mahaifinta ya mutu kafin a haife ta ya bar su cikin talauci, ta haka ta bayyana renonta. Iyalin riƙonta sun kasance masu arziki, ko da yake ta yi fatara bayan mutuwar uban riƙonta.

Abokan arziki sun ba ta ilimi a cikin fansho ga 'yan mata daga 1833 zuwa 1834. Shekaru masu zuwa, masu ba da kyauta sun ba ta karatun sirri kuma ta tabbatar da ƙwararren mai zane, amma ta dakatar da zanenta bayan rashin lafiya a 1837. Daga 1840 zuwa 1858, ta zauna tare da Gustaf Magnus Schwartz (1783-1858), farfesa a fannin kimiyya da fasaha, wanda har yanzu ya kasance (ko da yake ya rabu) ya auri Katolika kuma saboda haka ba zai iya aure ta ba. Duk da haka sun zauna tare a fili a matsayin masu aure kuma ana kiranta da Mrs. Schwartz, duk da cewa wannan bai kasance sunanta na doka ba, kuma an yarda da ita a matsayin matarsa a hukumance. Ta zama mahaifiyar 'ya'ya maza biyu, Gustaf Albert Schwartz da Eugène Schwartz, kuma ta hanyar tsohuwar tsohuwar kakar Sven Stolpe .

Marie Sophie Schwartz ta rubuta tun tana karama, amma ba a yarda ta buga ba. A ƙarshe ta yi muhawara a ƙarƙashin sunan Fru MSS ("Mrs. MSS") a cikin 1851. Tana da matsayi a matsayinta na majagaba mace, kamar yadda ita ce mace ta biyu bayan Wendela Hebbe da aka ba ta matsayi na dindindin a wata jarida ta Sweden: an yi mata aiki a sashen jerin gwanon takarda na Svenska Tidningen Dagligt Allehanda daga 1851 zuwa 1859.

Bayan mutuwar Schwartz, ta zauna tare da tsohuwar abokiyar aurenta Emelie Krook (1828-1889) a Stockholm, Krook da 'yar'uwarta Albertina Birah sun gudanar da makarantar sakandare ga 'yan mata a gidansu. Schwartz ta ba da kuɗin karatun 'ya'yanta, kuma lokacin da ɗanta Albert ya yi aure kuma ya gina gidansa a 1876, ta daina aikin wallafe-wallafen kuma ta koma tare da shi tare da Krook. Ta mutu a Stockholm.

## Aikin adabi
Marie Sophie Schwartz marubuciya ce mai hazaka, musamman bayan mutuwar abokin zamanta a 1858, lokacin da aka tilasta mata ta tallafa wa kanta. Ta buga litattafai da yawa a cikin nau'in littafi da kuma a cikin jerin abubuwa. A cikin aikinta ta shiga cikin muhawarar jama'a na zamani, musamman game da rashin adalci na zamantakewa da 'yantar da mata, kuma ta soki zamantakewar al'umma da gata na manyan mutane da goyon bayan 'yancin mata da 'yanci. Littattafanta sukan nuna rikice-rikice tsakanin aji da jima'i a yanayin littafin littafin iyali. Ta kasance sananne kuma mai nasara, kuma an fassara aikinta zuwa Danish, Jamusanci, Faransanci, Turanci, Dutch, Czech, Hungarian da Yaren mutanen Poland. Daga cikin ayyukanta akwai *Mannen av börd och qvinnan af folket* (Namijin Haihuwa kuma Mace ce ta Jama'a) daga 1858, inda ta yi suka game da cin hanci da rashawa da gata na manyan mutane, kuma ta sake bugawa a cikin Jamusanci a kusa da 1923, edita ta Clara Hepner ; *Emancipationsvurmen* (Sha'awar 'Yanci) daga 1860, inda ta goyi bayan 'yancin kai da 'yantar da mata; da kuma abin da aka nuna a matsayin gwaninta: *Positivspelarens dan* (Dan wasan ganga ) daga 1863, inda ta bayyana yadda wani da aka haifa da mummunan suna saboda haihuwarsa kawai zai iya fanshi kansa ta hanyar ayyukansa na sirri.

## Littafi Mai Tsarki

## Manazarta