Kungiyar Zuba Jari ta Muhalli

**Ƙungiyar Zuba Jari ta Muhalli** ( **EIO** ) ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke Burtaniya da ta sadaukar da kanta wajen bincike, ba da shawara da aiwatar da mafita ga sauyin yanayi . Ta haɓaka ra'ayin *Bin Diddigin Muhalli* (ET), wanda ET Index Research ta sake suna a shekarar 2016 zuwa Binciken da aka Shiga, zuwa sassa biyu daban-daban da aka sani da ET Carbon Rankings da ET Index Series. ET Carbon Rankings tana ƙididdige kamfanoni bisa ga ƙarfin hayakin da suke fitarwa da kuma bayyana gaskiya. Jerin ET Low Carbon & Fossil Free Index Series, wanda aka gina bisa ga matsayi, yana ba wa masu zuba jari kayan aiki don ƙarfafa kamfanoni su rage hayaki yayin da suke rage tasirinsu ga yiwuwar "farfadowar farashin carbon" a nan gaba.

## Asalin
An kafa EIO a shekarar 1996  ta hannun ɗalibin Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London, Michael Gill, a matsayin ƙungiya mai kama da LSE Environmental Initiatives Network (EIN).   Michael Gill ya kafa LSE EIN tare da Janos Abel kuma shine shugaban farko da aka zaɓa na EIN  ya sauka daga mukaminsa a shekarar 2003 don zama mataimakin shugaba.,  

## Littattafai
EIO ta ba da umarnin wallafe-wallafe da dama: *Bin diddigin Muhalli - Shin Juyin Juya Halin Zuba Jari Zai Iya Hana Bala'in Muhalli* (1997);,  *Maganin Dumamar Duniya...* (2009).  da kuma kwanan nan *Bin Diddigin Muhalli 3.0* (2011).  Littafin asali ya gabatar da manufar Bin Diddigin Muhalli, wanda ya yi hasashen amfani da ikon kasuwar hannun jari, musamman ta hanyar asusun fihirisa, a matsayin hanyar ƙarfafa kamfanoni su rage hayakin da suke fitarwa. A cikin littafin, Gill ya gabatar da shawarar ƙirƙirar Kwamitin Maki na Muhalli (ESP),  wanda zai kimanta kamfanoni bisa ga sharuɗɗan muhalli daban-daban. Za a yi amfani da wannan ma'aunin muhalli don auna kamfanoni a cikin fihirisa. Duk da haka, tare da fitowar sauyin yanayi a matsayin babban abin damuwa na ƙarni na 21, an inganta ra'ayin don mai da hankali musamman kan hayakin hayakin da ke gurbata muhalli na kamfanoni.  An kuma sauƙaƙe wannan ta hanyar ingantaccen ƙimar bayyana hayakin kamfanoni kamar yadda aka shaida ta hanyar ƙimar amsawa ga tambayoyin shekara-shekara na Aikin Bayyana Carbon ga manyan kamfanoni na duniya, wanda ke roƙonsu da su samar da bayanai kan hayakin da suke fitarwa. 

EIO ta samar da rahotanni don rakiyar buga ET Carbon Rankings wanda ke nuna rashin daidaiton yanayin rahoton hayaki mai gurbata muhalli.  

## EIO ta ƙirƙiri matsayi na farko na ET Carbon na jama'a
EIO ta ƙaddamar da matsayin gwaji a cikin 2010.  Waɗannan sun haɗa da ET Europe 300, Arewacin Amurka 300, Asiya-Pacific 300, BRIC 100, ET Global 1000, da ET Global 800. Matsayin gwaji ya dogara ne akan cikakken hayaki a cikin Scope 1, 2 da 3 hayaki.  Hanyar EIO a lokacin ta karɓi hayaki Scope 3 kawai wanda aka tabbatar da shi zuwa 'matakin tabbaci mai ma'ana' daga wani ɓangare na uku mai zaman kansa.  Tun daga lokacin, an canza hanyar zuwa matsayi ga kamfanoni bisa ga ƙarfin hayaki. Daga 2011 an canza hanyar zuwa haɗa da hayaki Scope 3 bayan buga Tsarin Lissafi da Rahoton Kamfanoni na GHG Protocol (Scope 3). 

## Binciken Ma'aunin ET
A watan Fabrairun 2014, ma'aikatan EIO, Sam Gill, Sebastian Hoeg, da Jonathan Harris ne suka kafa kamfanin ET Index Research, don tallata Jerin ET Index tare da goyon bayan Climate KIC,  babban shirin kirkire-kirkire na sauyin yanayi na Tarayyar Turai . 

Daga shekarar 2015, ET Index Research ta fara karbar bakuncin ET Carbon Rankings da ET Index Series kuma ta dauki nauyin tallata ET Index Series.

## Manazarta