open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Garkuwa da mutane a tashar jirgin kasa ta Yenagoa

A ranar 7 ga Janairu, 2023, wasu ‘yan bindiga sun yi garkuwa da mutane 32 a tashar jirgin kasa a Yenagoa, Jihar Edo, Najeriya . An saki dukkansu a ranar 17 ga Janairu.

## Gabatarwa
Satar mutane domin neman kudin fansa wata dabara ce da gungun kungiyoyi ke amfani da su a duk fadin Najeriya, ko da yake galibi ana komawa arewacin kasar ne a kusa da jihar Kaduna. Jihar Edo da ke kudancin Najeriya ta dauki matakin da ya dace na hana garkuwa da mutane a shekarun 2010 bayan da aka yi garkuwa da wasu manyan alkalai, duk da cewa ana ci gaba da yin garkuwa da mutane a fadin jihar a mataki kadan. A yayin da ake tunkarar zaben shugaban kasar Najeriya a shekarar 2023, kudu da kudu maso gabashin Najeriya sun yi tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, inda jihar Edo ma aka ci.

## Yin garkuwa da mutane
Masu garkuwa da mutanen sun fito ne daga daji kusa da tashar jirgin kasa da mintuna ashirin kafin jirgin ya nufi Warri ya iso.  Yayin da suke fitowa daga cikin daji, masu garkuwar sun yi harbin iska, inda suka jikkata wasu fararen hula. Daga nan ne suka yi awon gaba da mutane talatin da biyu da suka hada da manajan tashar da magatakarda. Waɗanda suka tsira da rayukansu sun dora alhakin rashin tsaro a tashar da aka samu nasarar harin.  Wata mata ta yi nasarar tserewa daga garkuwar tare da jaririnta, daga baya kuma an ajiye wasu yara biyu da aka sace a harin a wani gidan mai da ke kusa da inda aka tuntubi iyayensu. 

Kwamishinan ‘yan sandan jihar Edo ya zargi wadanda suka aikata laifin Fulani makiyaya ne .

## Bayan haka
Ya zuwa ranar 17 ga watan Janairu, hukumomin Najeriya sun kubutar da dukkan mutanen da aka sace. An kama wasu sarakunan kauye biyu da masu garkuwa da mutane biyar tare da gurfanar da su bisa laifin yin garkuwa da su.

## Nassoshi
Bacha bazi

**Bacha banza** (Dari: بچه بازی, lit. 'wasan yaro') wata al'ada ce da ake siya 
samari maza matasa domin su rinka yin rawa tare da yin jima'i da su domin hutawa. Al'adaa ce a ƙasar Afghanistan.

## Nazari
José Lopes da Silva (mawaki)

**José Lopes da Silva** (15 Janairu 1872 - 2 Satumba 1962) farfesa ne na Cape Verde, ɗan jarida kuma mawaƙi.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife shi a Ribeira Brava, babban birnin tsibirin São Nicolau.

A kusan farkon ƙarni na 20, ya koma Mindelo daga yamma a tsibirin São Vicente, daga baya ya haɗu da 'yan uwansa a can.

A zamanin pre-*Claridade* wanda ya kasance kafin shekarar 1936, shi ne masanin adabi da al'adu uku na Cape Verde, sauran su ne Eugénio Tavares da Pedro Cardoso. Ya rubuta wasu daga cikin wakokinsa a Cape Verdean Creole ciki har da São Nicolau Creole da kuma na São Vicente.

An kawo ra'ayoyinsa na waƙarsa zuwa wasu labarun a cikin sharhin *Claridade* da aka fara bugawa a shekarar 1936.

Ya mutu yana da shekaru 90 a Mindelo a tsibirin São Vicente, a lokacin da aka ɗauke shi a matsayin marubuci na farko da ya fi daɗewa a Cape Verde.

Ba iri ɗaya ba ne amma yana iya alaƙa da wani mawaƙin da aka haifa a tsibirin Santo Antão, José Gabriel Lopes da Silva, wanda aka fi sani da sunan Gabriel Mariano wanda shi ma mawaƙi ne da marubucinne kuma marubucin muƙaloli.

## Iyali
Ya kasance daga dangin manyan ƙwararrun masana adabi na Cape Verde ciki har da António Aurélio Gonçalves da Baltasar Lopes da Silva. 'Yan uwansa sun haɗa da Orlanda Amarílis da Ivone Ramos, ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko na Cape Verdean marubuta da kuma Carlos Filipe Gonçalves, ɗan jarida da kuma masanin tarihi a kan kiɗa.

## Martaba
Wani karamin wurin shakatawa (largo) a gabashin yankin Mindelo na Alto Mira (Alto Miramar) an sanya masa sunansa, yana gabas da Avenida Baltasar Lopes da Silva.

## Manazarta
João Vário

**João Vário** (Yuni 7, 1937 a Mindelo  tsibirin São Vicente, Cape Verde &#x2013; Agusta 7, 2007 a Mindelo  tsibirin Cape Verde) marubuci ne ɗan ƙasar Cape Verdean, likita ne a fannin neurosurgeon, masanin kimiyya kuma farfesa.   Sunan ya kasance sanannen wato **João Manuel Varela**. Sauran laƙabobinsa sun haɗa da **Timóteo Tio Tiofe** da **GT Didial**.

Ya kuma karanci likitanci a jami'o'in Coimbra da Lisbon. Ya sami digiri na uku a Jami'ar Antwerp a Belgium. Ya kasance mai bincike kuma farfesa a fannin neuropathology da neurobiology. Ya koma garinsu Mindelo inda ya zauna har ƙarshen rasuwarsa. 

Ya kuma rubuta wakoki da dama. Ya rinjayi marubuta irin su Saint-John Perse, TS Eliot, Ezra Pound da Aimé Césaire.

## Ayyuka

* Exemplos 1-9 (Examples 1-9), volume that included General Example (Exemplo Geral), Relative Example (Exemplo Relativo), Dubious Example (Exemplo Dúbio) and Propriate Example (Exemplo Próprio). 
* *Cadernos de Notcha*, under the pseudonym Timóteo Tio Tiofe
* *Contos da Macaronésia* ( *Tales From Macaronesia* )
* *The State Impenitene On Fragility* ( *O Estado impenitente da Fragilidade* ) under the pseudonym G. T. Didial

## Manazarta
Georgette Florence Koyt-Deballé

**Georgette Florence Koyt-Deballé** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1960) shugabar gudanarwa ce a fannin ilimi daga Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya.

## Rayuwa
Bayan tayi karatu a Faransa, a shekara ta 1988 Koyt-Deballé ta zama farfesa a Turanci a Jami'ar Bangui a  shekara ta 1988. Daga shekarun 2011 zuwa 2013, ta kasance shugabar jami'ar Bangui. 

## Ayyuka

* C'est la vie*: poèmes*, Bangui, 2007.
* *Nago, u, Comment s'en sortir*, Bangui, 2008.

## Manazarta
Shaje Tshiluila

**Josette Shaje a Tshiluila** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1949) kwararriyar masaniyar ilimin asalin ɗan adam ne kuma mai zartarwa a gidan kayan gargajiya a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo. 

## Rayuwa
An haifi Tshiluila a ranar 5 ga watan Maris 1949 a Likasi, Zaire (yanzu Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo). Ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Albert I, Kinshasa, da Jami'ar Lovanium da Jami'ar Lubumbashi. A shekara ta 1974 ta auri Babi-Banga N'Sampuka. 

A cikin shekarar 1973 Tshiluila ta shiga Institut des Musees nationalaux du Zaïre. Ta kasance shugabar sashin fasaha na gargajiya daga shekarun 1983 zuwa 1986, kuma an  naɗa ta mataimakiyar Darakta-Janar a shekara ta 1987. A shekara ta 1986 ta zama darektar gidan kayan gargajiya na Kinshasa. A shekara ta 1990 ta zama Farfesa a Jami'ar Kinshasa. 

## Ayyuka

* Tshiluila, Shaje (1987). "Inventorying movable cultural property : National Museum Institute of Zaire". Museum. 39 (1): 50–1. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0033.1987.tb00666.x.
* 'Cultural Heritage in Zaire : towards Museums for Development'. 1995.
* 'Le trafic illicite', in Caroline Gaultier-Kurhan, ed., *Patrimoine culturel africain*, 2001, pp.&nbsp;299–319
* 'An African view of ethnographic collections in Europe and Africa'. 2002
* 'The sacred forests of the Bakongos', in *Nature and culture in the Democratic Republic of Congo*, pp.&nbsp;112–117

## Manazarta
M. Viatilingam

Viatilingam a / l Murgeson (c.1952 - 1 Afrilun 2012) Tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Malaysian. Sunansa wani lokaci ana rubuta shi a matsayin **M. Viatilingam** ko **M. Vittilinggam.**Ya taka leda a matsayin hagu-baya.

## Ayyuka
Viatilingam ya buga wa Kedah FA wasa, ya fara ne a cikin ƙungiyar matasa da ta fafata a gasar cin kofin Burnley daga shekarar 1968 zuwa ta 1970, sannan daga baya ga babbar ƙungiyar a gasar cin Kofin Malaysia daga shekarar 1971 zuwa shekara ta 1984.

Ya kuma buga wa Tawagar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Malasiya, inda ya fara halarta a Wasannin SEAP na shekarar 1975. Ya kasance a cikin tawagar da ta buga gasar 1976 AFC Asian Cup a Tehran, Iran. Shi ne gasar ƙarshe da ya bugawa Malaysia.

Abokan wasansa sun san shi da 'Mat Boeing' saboda saurinsa, kamar jirgin sama.

Ya kuma kasance ma'aikacin cikakken lokaci a Lembaga Letrik Negara (wanda aka sani da Tenaga Nasional Berhad), tare da abokinsa na yaro da abokin aiki a Kedah da Malaysia, Khor Sek Leng (wanda aka fi sani da Mohd Azraai Khor Abdullah). Ya yi aiki a LLN / TNB daga shekarar 1972 zuwa ta 2008.

## Mutuwa
Viatilingam ya mutu a asibitin Pantai, Penang a ranar 1 ga watan Afrilun 2012 saboda Ciwon ƙwaƙwalwa. A lokacin da yana da shekaru 60 a lokacin mutuwarsa, Viatilingam ya bar ɗansa guda ɗaya V.Thanabalan, saboda matarsa ta mutu watanni 8 da suka gabata.

## Haɗin waje

* Tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasa M. Viatilingam, mai shekaru 60, ya mutu
* Mat Boeing - labarin saurin 

## Manazarta
Elsayed M. Abo-Dahab

**El-Sayed Mohamed Abo-Dahab Khedary** malami ne na  Lissafi a Sashen Lissafi, Kwalejin Kimiyya, a Jami'ar Kudancin Valley, Qena a Masar. Yana daga cikin kwamitin edita na Applied and computational Mathematics sannan kuma ɗaya daga cikin editocin Arab Journal of Science.    

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Elsayed M. Abo-Dahab a Masar a Sohag-El-maragha-Ezbet ga kabilar Bani-Helal a shekara ta 1973. A shekara ta 1995, ya sami digiri na B.Sc. (Ed) a fannin Lissafi daga Jami'ar Kudancin Valley kuma ya sami wani digiri a  Pure mathematics daga wannan Cibiyar a 1997. A shekara ta 2001, ya sami digirinsa na biyu a fannin lissafi kuma ya sami digirinsa na uku a shekarar 2005 daga Jami'ar Assuit a 2005.

## Sana'a
A cikin shekarar 2006, ya zama malami a fannin lissafi a tsangayar kimiyya ta Jami'ar South Valley. A shekara ta 2012, ya koma Jami'ar Taif, KSA inda ya zama mataimakin farfesa. A cikin shekarar 2017, ya koma Jami'ar Kudancin Valley inda ya zama farfesa a fannin lissafi.

## Memba
Shi memba ne na Ƙungiyar Lissafi ta Masar kuma Memba na kwamitin edita na Journal of Modern Methods a Lambobin Lissafi.

## Manazarta
Osama Badary

**Osama A. Badary**, malami ne ɗan ƙasar Masar, Farfesa ne a fannin Clinical Pharmacy a Jami'ar Burtaniya da ke Masar. Shi ne Mataimakin Dean Pharmaceutical Research Faculty of Pharmacy, tsohon mataimakin Dean Postgraduate Studies and Research, kuma tsohon shugaban National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Alkahira, Misira.    

## Ilimi
Ya sami digiri na farko a Kimiyyar Magunguna, daga Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University a shekara ta 1983. A shekara ta 1986, ya sami takardar shaidar difloma a fannin nazarin halittun halittu daga wata jami'a mai kama da haka a Jami'ar Al-Azhar, Masar a shekara ta 1986. A shekarar 1988, ya yi digirinsa na biyu a fannin kimiyyar harhaɗa magunguna tare da ƙwarewa a fannin haɗa magunguna da toxicology daga jami'ar Al-Azhar ta ƙasar Masar. A shekarar 1991, ya samu digirin digirgir na digirin digirgir na Pharmaceutical Sciences daga Jami'ar Al-Azhar a Jami'ar Jojiya.

## Sana'a
A cikin shekara ta 2002, Badary ya zama Shugaban Sashen Magungunan  da Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, a Jami'ar Helwan, Helwan, Alkahira, Masar. A shekara ta 2006, an naɗa shi a matsayin mataimakin shugaban jami'ar. A cikin shekarar 2013, an zaɓe shi a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar Kula da Magunguna da Bincike ta Ƙasa, Alkahira kuma a cikin shekarar 2019, an naɗa shi a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Kwalejin Binciken Magunguna na Pharmacy, Jami'ar Burtaniya a Masar BUE Cairo Masar.  Shi memba ne na Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Deutscher Akademischer Austauschd da Union for International Cancer Control da American Association for Cancer Research.

## Manazarta
Nicole-Reine Lepaute

**Nicole-Reine Lepaute**;née Étable de la Brière, 5 Janairu 1723-6 Disamba, 1788),wanda kuma aka sani da kuskure **Hortense Lepaute**,masanin taurari ne na Faransa kuma kwamfuta na ɗan adam.Lepaute tare da Alexis Clairaut da Jérôme Lalande sun ƙididdige ranar dawowar Halley's Comet.Sauran ayyukanta na astronomical sun haɗa da ƙididdige kusufin rana na 1764 da samar da almanacs daga 1759 zuwa 1783. Ta kasance memba na . 

## Manazarta
Isabel Martin Lewis

**Isabel Martin Lewis** (11 ga Yuli,1881 &#x2013; Yuli 31,1966), wata ƙwararren masanin falaki Ba'amurke ce wacce ita ce mace ta farko da Cibiyar Kula da Ruwa ta Amurka ta ɗauki hayar a matsayin mataimakiyar masanin falaki.A cikin 1918,an zaɓi Lewis memba na Ƙungiyar Astronomical Society ta Amurka.Ta kasance memba na Royal Astronomical Society of Canada da kuma Astronomical Society of Pacific.

## Rayuwar farko.
Isabel Eleanor Martin an haife shi a Old Orchard Beach,Maine,ranar 11, ga Yuli,1881. Lewis ta sami AB daga Jami'ar Cornell a 1903, kuma ta sami AM a can a 1905,ta kware a fannin lissafi. Daga 1905, zuwa 1907, ta kasance"kwamfutar ilmin taurari " don Simon Newcomb.A karkashin Newcomb,Martin yayi aiki akan bayanan husufin,gogewar da zata tabbatar da mahimmanci ga aikinta na gaba. 

## Manazarta.
Sarah Lee Lippincott

**Sarah Lee Lippincott** (Oktoba26,1920 ga watan-Fabrairu 28,2019),   wacce aka fi sani da **Sarah Lee Lippincott Zimmerman**, ƙwararriyar taurarin Amurka ce.Ta kasance farfesa Emerita na ilimin taurari a Kwalejin Swarthmore kuma darektan Emerita na Kwalejin Sproul Observatory. Ta kasance majagaba a cikin amfani da ilmin taurari don tantance halayen taurarin biyu da kuma neman taurarin sararin sama. 

## Manazarta
Venice Kamel Gouda

**Venice Kamel Gouda** farfesa ce a fannin bincike ta ƙasar Masar kuma tsohuwar ƙaramar ministar bincike ta kimiya daga shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da casa'in da uku zuwa da casa'in da bakwai (1993-97).

## Rayuwar farko
'Ya ce ga akawunta Kamel Gouda da matarsa Victoria Attalah, Venice an haife ta a ranar bakwai 7 ga watan Oktoba, shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da talatin da huɗu 1934 kuma ta karɓi B.Sc. Ta yi Digiri a Jami'ar Ain Shams a shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da hamsin da shida 1956. Ta yi M.Sc. a shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da hamsin da tara (1959) da PhD a shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da sittin da biyu (1962) daga Jami'ar Alkahira. 

## Aiki
Gouda ta fara aikinta a matsayin mataimakiyar masaniyar kimiyyar sinadarai a Cibiyar Bincike ta Ƙasa  (NRC) a cikin shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da hamsin da shida 1956 kuma daga shekarun alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da sittin da biyu 1962 zuwa dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da sittin da shida 1966, mataimakiyar farfesa ce a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Clarkson. A shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da casa'in da ɗaya 1991, ta zama darektar NRC's apply inorganic chemistry division.  A cikin watan Oktoba, shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da casa'in da uku 1993 Shugaban Masar Hosni Mubarak ya naɗa ta ministar bincike na kimiyya, muƙamin da ta rike har zuwa watan Yuli, shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da casa'in da bakwai 1997. 

Gouda mamba ce mai himma a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta corrosion  kuma ta jagoranci tawagogin Masar da dama zuwa ƙasashen ketare. Dangane da gudunmawar da ta bayar ga binciken kimiyya, Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Masar ta karrama ta a shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da saba'in da huɗu 1974. Hakanan an ba ta lambar yabo ta NRC da kayan ado na shugaban ƙasa na shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da saba'in da shida (1976). 

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Venice Kamel Gouda publications indexed by Google Scholar
* Publications by Venice Kamel Gouda at ResearchGate 

## Manazarta
Pelageya Shajn

**Pelageya Fedorovna Shajn**, *née* Sannikova (Пелагея Фёдоровна Шайн) (22 Satumba 1894 - 27 Agusta 1956),wani masanin falaki ne na Rasha a Tarayyar Soviet,kuma mace ta farko da aka yi la'akari da gano ƙananan duniya,a cikin Simeiz Observatory 1.Pelageya kuma ya gano tauraro masu canzawa da yawa tare da gano tauraro mai wutsiya na Jupiter-family 61P/Shajn-Schaldach.Ta auri fitaccen masanin astronomer na Soviet Grigory Shajn.  

## Manazarta
Aomawa Shields

**Aomawa L.Shields** babban farfesa ne a fannin kimiyyar lissafi da kuma astronomy a UC Irvine.Binciken nata ya mayar da hankali ne kan binciko yanayi da kuma zama na kananan taurarin sararin samaniya,ta yin amfani da bayanai daga wuraren lura ciki har da kumbon NASA na Kepler. Garkuwa ya kasance 2015 TED Fellow,kuma yana aiki a cikin sadarwar kimiyya da wayar da kan jama'a.Ta haɓaka tarurrukan hulɗa da juna don ƙarfafa girman kai da koyarwa game da ilimin taurari,ta haɗu da horar da ita a wasan kwaikwayo da kuma aikinta a ilimin taurari.

## Manazarta
Ahmed Amin Hamza

**Ahmed Amin Hamza** FAAS FRMS SPIE ( ) wani farfesa ne na ƙasar Masar a fannin kimiyyar lissafi a bangaran karatun kimiya na, Jami'ar Mansoura.   Ya kasance tsohon shugaba kuma mataimakin shugaban cibiyar kuma tsohon shugaban jami'ar Burtaniya a Masar.  Shi memba ne na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Afirka kuma fellow ne na cibiyar kimiyyar lissafi. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Ahmed Amin Hamza ranar 8 ga watan Maris, 1941.   Ya sami digiri na farko, B. Sc Physics and Chemistry, daga Jami'ar Ain Shams, Alkahira a shekara ta 1962 tare da Daraja. A cikin shekarun 1964 da 1967, ya sami digirin difloma a fannin nazarin halittu da kuma M. Sc a fannin Physics bi da bi. A shekara ta 1972, ya sami digiri na uku a fannin kimiyyar lissafi daga wannan jami'a.

## Sana'a
Bayan kammala karatunsa na farko, an naɗa shi a matsayin shugaban sashen Launi, Cairo Dyeing and Finishing Company, Alkahira a shekara ta 1962. Shekara guda bayan kammala karatunsa na M. Sc, ya zama Shugaban Sashen Buga na wannan kamfani. A cikin shekarar 1972, ya zama malami na Physics a Faculty of Science a University of Mansoura, Egypt. A shekara ta 1976, ya zama mataimakin farfesa, a shekarar 1981, ya zama farfesa a Experimental Physics kuma a shekarar 2001, ya zama babban farfesa a wannan cibiya.

## Gudanarwa
Ya kasance shugaban Sashen Physics, a Faculty of Science, University of Mansoura daga shekarun 1984-1986 kuma mataimakin shugaban tsangayar kimiyya daga shekarun 1986-1992.  Ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban Al'umma da Ci gaban Muhalli, Jami'ar Mansoura na tsawon shekaru biyu; Agusta 1992- Agusta, 1994.   Ya zama shugaban Jami'ar Mansoura a ranar 5 ga watan Agusta, 1994 kuma ya bar muƙamin a ranar 31 ga watan Yuli, 2001. Daga shekarun 2005 zuwa 2008, ya kasance mataimakin shugaban jami'ar Burtaniya a Masar kuma a shekarar 2008, ya zama shugaban wannan cibiya; matsayin da ya bari a shekarar 2013.

## Membobi da haɗin gwiwa
A cikin shekarar 1977, ya zama Fellow of the Royal Microscopical Society, FRMS a Oxford kuma a cikin shekarar 1982, ya zama Fellow of the Institute of Physics a London.  Ya zama wani ɓangare na International Society for Optical Engineering SPIE a cikin shekarar 1989 da kuma a cikin shekarar 1995, ya zama Memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta New York.  A wannan shekarar, ya zama Memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Masar, Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Afirka da Ƙungiyar Amirka don Ci gaban Kimiyya.

## Kyauta
A cikin shekarar 1987, ya sami lambar yabo ta Masarawa a fannin Physics kuma a cikin shekara ta 1992, an ba shi lambar yabo ta Jami'ar Mansoura. A cikin shekara ta 1995, ya sami lambar yabo ta shugaban ƙasar Masar, kuma a cikin wannan shekarar, ya sami takardar shaidar girmamawa ta masana kimiyya daga Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya da Fasaha, da Ƙungiyar Masarautar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Kimiyya. A cikin shekara ta 1997, ya samu lambar yabo ta Jiha a Kimiyyar Kimiyya, bayan shekaru uku, ya sami Doctor honoris causa (Dr.hc) daga Jami'ar Fasaha ta Liberec, Jamhuriyar Czeck. A shekara ta 2005, ya sami lambar yabo ta El-Nile "Mubarak" a Advanced Technological Science, Kyauta mafi girma na ƙasa a Masar.

## Manazarta
Saud Majid

**Chaudhry Saud Majeed** ( Punjabi, Urdu   ) ɗan siyasan Pakistan ne wanda ya kasance ɗan majalisar dattawan Pakistan tun daga watan Mayun shekarar 2015. A baya ya kasance ɗan majalisar dokokin Pakistan daga shekara ta 2008 zuwa 2013. Shi ne ɗan ƙaramin ɗan marigayi Chaudhry Abdul Majeed Arain ( magajin garin Bahawalpur na farko kuma tsohon ɗan majalisar lardin). Ya kuma halarci babbar makarantar jama'a ta Sadiq da ke Bahawalpur, Pakistan, sannan ya sami digirin sa na Master's of Business Administration a Jami'ar Cardiff da ke Wales, UK.

## Sana'ar siyasa
Ya tsaya takarar kujerar majalisar dokokin lardin Punjab a matsayin ɗan takarar jam'iyyar Pakistan Muslim League (J) daga mazaɓar PP-276 (Bahawalpur-X) a babban Zaɓen Pakistan na 2002 amma bai yi nasara ba. Ya samu ƙuri'u 11,136 sannan kuma Muhammad Afzal ɗan takarar jam'iyyar Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) ne ya lashe zaɓen. 

An zaɓe shi a Majalisar Dokokin Pakistan a matsayin ɗan takarar Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N) na mazaɓar NA-187 (Bahawalpur-V) a babban zaɓen Pakistan na 2008 .    Ya samu ƙuri'u 77,860 sannan ya doke Pervaiz Elahi . A wannan zaɓen, ya tsaya takarar kujerar majalisar dokokin lardin Punjab daga mazaɓar PP-276 (Bahawalpur-X) a matsayin ɗan takarar PML-N amma bai yi nasara ba. Ya samu ƙuri'u 29,040 sannan ya rasa kujerar a hannun Muhammad Afzal ɗan takarar jam'iyyar Pakistan Muslim League (Q) (PML-Q). 

Ya tsaya takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta ƙasa a matsayin ɗan takarar PML-N na NA-187 (Bahawalpur-V) a babban zaɓen Pakistan na 2013, amma bai yi nasara ba. Ya samu kuri'u 88,872 sannan ya sha kaye a hannun Tariq Bashir Cheema . A wannan Zaɓen, ya tsaya takarar kujerar majalisar dokokin lardin Punjab daga mazaɓar PP-276 (Bahawalpur-X) a matsayin ɗan takara mai zaman kansa amma bai yi nasara ba. Ya samu ƙuri’u 166 sannan ya sha kaye a hannun Muhammad Afzal dan takarar jam’iyyar PML-Q .

An zaɓe shi a Majalisar Dattawa ta Pakistan a matsayin ɗan takarar PML-N a watan Mayun shekarar 2015.

## Manazarta
Malik Sohail Khan

**Malik Sohail Khan Kamrial** ɗan siyasan Pakistan ne wanda ya kasance memba a Majalisar Dokokin Pakistan daga watan Oktobar 2018 zuwa watan Agustan 2023.

## Harkokin siyasa
An zaɓi Khan a Majalisar Dokokin Pakistan a matsayin ɗan takarar Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N) daga Mazaɓar NA-56 (Attock-II) a zaɓen shekarar 2018 na Pakistan da aka gudanar a ranar 14 ga watan Oktobar 2018.

## Bogus cak
An kai ƙarar ɗan majalisar PML-N a ofishin ‘yan sanda na garin Model a ranar 29 ga watan Janairu saboda ya ba da cheque na bogi. Khan ya tsere daga kotun karamar hukumar Gujranwala bayan soke belin da aka bayar a Rs. Shari'ar rajistan bogi miliyan 60 a ranar 24 ga watan Fabrairu, shekarar 2022.

## Manazarta
Jane Lu

## Yi aiki azaman ɗalibin digiri na biyu da kuma gano haɗin gwiwar Kuiper Belt
A matsayinta na dalibin digiri na biyu a Jami'ar California a Berkeley da Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts,ta kalli alakar da ke tsakanin taurari da tauraron dan adam don babban aikinta na PhD. Ta kuma yi aiki tare da David C. Jewitt don gano Kuiper Belt, yankin da aka yi imani da cewa ba shi da wani abu.A cikin 1992,bayan shekaru biyar na kallo,sun gano abin da aka sani na Kuiper Belt na farko ban da Pluto da mafi girma ga wata Charon,ta hanyar amfani da na'urar hangen nesa na Jami'ar Hawaii na mita 2.2 akan Mauna Kea.  Wannan abu shine (15760) 1992 QB ,wanda ita da Jewitt suka yi wa lakabi da "Smiley".  Ƙungiyar Astronomical Society ta Amurka ta ba Luu lambar yabo ta Annie J.Cannon a cikin ilimin taurari a cikin 1991.A cikin 1992,Luu ya sami haɗin gwiwar Hubble daga Cibiyar Kimiyyar Telescope ta Sararin Samaniya kuma ta zaɓi Jami'ar California,Berkeley a matsayin cibiyar karɓar baƙi. Phocaea main-belt asteroid 5430 Luu ana kiranta don girmama ta. Ta sami PhD a 1992 a MIT.

## Manazarta
Charles Issawi

**Charles Issawi** (1916 - 2000) masanin tattalin arziki ne kuma masanin tarihin Gabas ta Tsakiya a Jami'ar Columbia da Jami'ar Princeton a Amurka. Roger Owen, Farfesa AJ Meyer na Tarihin Gabas ta Tsakiya a Harvard, ya bayyana cewa Issawi, "shi ne uban nazarin tarihin tattalin arziki na zamani na Gabas ta Tsakiya." 

## Rayuwa
An haifi Issawi a shekara ta 1916 a birnin Alkahira na ƙasar Masar,  iyayensa 'yan Kiristan Orthodox na Girka.  Issawi ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Victoria da ke Alexandria, kuma ya karanci falsafa, siyasa, da tattalin arziki a Kwalejin Magdalen, Oxford.  Ya yi aiki da gwamnatin Masar daga shekarun 1937 zuwa 1943.  Issawi ya koyar a Jami'ar Amurka ta Beirut daga shekarun 1943 zuwa 1947. Ya shiga Jami'ar Columbia a shekara ta 1951 kuma ya zama Ragnar Nurkse Farfesa na Tattalin Arziki. Ya kuma kasance darektan Cibiyar Kusa da Gabas ta Tsakiya a Columbia.  Daga shekarun 1975 har ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 1986, shi ne Bayard E. Dodge Farfesa na Nazarin Gabas ta Tsakiya a Jami'ar Princeton. Daga shekarun 1987 zuwa 1991, ya kasance mataimakin farfesa a fannin tattalin arziki a Jami'ar New York.

## Mutuwa
Charles Issawi ya mutu a ranar 8 ga watan Disamba, 2000, yana da shekaru 84.  

## Littattafai

* *Misira: Misira: Nazarin Tattalin Arziki da zamantakewa* (1947)
* *Misira a tsakiyar karni* (1954)
* *Masar a cikin juyin juya hali: nazarin tattalin arziki*  (Greenwood Press, 1963)
* *Tarihin Tattalin Arzikin Gabas Ta Tsakiya 1800-1914.* *Littafin karatu.* (Jami'ar Chicago Press, 1966)
* *Tarihin tattalin arzikin Iran, 1800-1914* (Jami'ar Chicago Press, 1971)
* *Dokokin Issawi na Motsi na zamantakewa* (Littattafan Hawthorn, 1973)
* *Mai, Gabas ta Tsakiya, da duniya* (Labaran Laburare, 1972)
* *Tarihin tattalin arziki na Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka* (Jami'ar Columbia, 1982)

## Manazarta
Elizabeth Futas

**Elizabeth Dorothy Futas** (Mayu 8,1944 &#x2013; Fabrairu 6,1995)ita ce shugabar Jami'ar Rhode Island,Makarantar Graduate of Library da Kimiyyar Bayanai daga 1986 &#x2013; 1995.Tun da farko a cikin aikinta,Dr.Futas ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da labari na Ford Foundation a New York kuma a matsayin mai kula da laburare a Kwalejin Queens.Ta kuma rike manyan mukamai a Jami'ar Rutgers-New Brunswick,Jami'ar Emory da Jami'ar Washington a Seattle,da sauran cibiyoyi.Rubutun nata kan Ci gaban Tarin Tarin ana girmama shi sosai.

Futas an fi saninta da tarin ƴan sanda da tsare-tsare.Ƙungiyar Laburare ta Amirka tana ba da lambar yabo na shekara-shekara ga masu karatu a cikin sunan Futas mai suna Futas Catalyst for Change Award.
Elizabeth Gould Davis

**Elizabeth Gould Davis** (23 ga Yuni,1910 - Yuli 30, 1974) ma'aikaciyar dakin karatu ce Ba'amurkiya wacce ta rubuta littafin mata da ake kira *Jima'i na Farko*.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Davis a Leavenworth, Kansas ga Kanar Robert Davis da Edwina Bailey McCarty,daya daga cikin 'ya'ya mata hudu.Iyalin sun yi balaguro sosai sa’ad da take girma.Ta sami digirin AB daga Kwalejin Randolph-Macon kuma,bayan ɗan gajeren aure a 1934,ta ci gaba da samun digiri na biyu a fannin karatu a Jami'ar Kentucky a 1951.Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai karatu a Sarasota,Florida,kuma yayin da yake can, ta rubuta *Jima'i na Farko*.

## Jima'i Na Farko
Davis da farko ta yi nufin *Jima'i na Farko* ya zama " dan gajeren rubutu kan zalunci ga mata " wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa ga mutuwar 'yar'uwarta a 1968.Yayin da ta yi bincike,ta kara koyo game da lokutan tarihi lokacin da mata ke kan mulki,da kuma game da kyamar mata daga baya.Ta bayar da hujjar cewa masu kisan gilla da masu laifi suna da nau'ikan Y-chromosomes guda biyu,cewa maza sun ce ba su damu da mata suna samun nasara ba amma suna bukatar mace yayin da halayen mata ke aiki da nasara,kuma dole ne ma'aurata su maye gurbin magabata na yanzu.Farfesa Ginette Castro ta soki matsayin Davis a matsayin kasa "a cikin tsattsauran ra'ayi na mace."

Davis ta kashe kanta a ranar 30 ga Yuli,1974,ta hanyar harbi kanta.A cewar marubucin mata Andrea Dworkin,kashe kansa na Davis ya yi tasiri sosai saboda fyaden da aka yi mata shekaru kadan kafin 1971,da kuma ciwon daji da ta sha fama da shi.Takardun nata suna hannun ɗakin karatu na bincike na Charles E.Young a UCLA.

## Manazarta
Elizabeth H. West

**Elizabeth H(Howard)Yamma** (Maris 23, 1873 &#x2013; Janairu 4, 1948), ma'aikaciyar dakin karatu ce kuma ma'aikaciyar adana kayan tarihi a Amurka a farkon karni na 20.An nada ta a matsayin Ma'aikaciyar Laburare na Jihar Texas a cikin 1918,ta kasance Shugaban Ƙungiyar Laburare na Texas sau biyu,wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban farko na Ƙungiyar Laburare ta Kudu maso Yamma,kuma ita ce Shugaban Librarian na farko na Kwalejin Fasaha ta Texas (daga baya Jami'ar Texas Tech).

## Shekarun farko
An haifi West ga Rev.James Durham West DD da Mary Robertson (née Waddell) West a Pontotoc, Mississippi ranar 27 ga Maris,1873. Kakan mahaifiyarta shine Moses Waddel,tsohon shugaban Jami'ar Jojiya kuma Shugaban Jami'ar Mississippi. Yamma ta koma Texas lokacin da mahaifinta,mai hidimar Presbyterian,ya ɗauki aiki a coci a Bryan lokacin tana ɗan shekara goma sha biyu.Za ta koma Mississippi don halartar kwaleji.Ɗalibi mai ƙwazo wanda ke da niyyar samun ilimi gwargwadon iko,Yamma zai ci gaba da samun digiri na farko da na biyu da na biyu.Ta sami digiri na farko daga Cibiyar Masana'antu da Kwalejin a Columbus,Mississippi (yanzu Jami'ar Mississippi don Mata.)Daga baya ta sami digiri na farko da na biyu a tarihi daga Jami'ar Texas a Austin inda ta mai da hankali.akan fadada matsugunan Faransa da Spain a Arewacin Amurka.

Bayan kammala karatun digiri na biyu,West ta fara aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta.Ta fara komawa Mississippi inda ta koyar a wasu yankunan karkara.Daga baya,za ta koyar a duka Bryan da Austin.Ta fara horo a matsayin ma'aikacin laburare a cikin 1905 a matsayin mai ba da labari a ɗakin karatu na Jihar Texas.Yamma sai ya ɗauki matsayi tare da Library of Congress a Washington,DC a cikin 1906 a cikin kundin kasida.Daga baya,za ta shiga sashin rubutun hannu na Library of Congress inda ta tattara Kalanda na Takardun Martin Van Buren a 1910 da Kalanda na Takardun New Mexico.Ta ba ta kammala wannan na ƙarshe ba kamar yadda a cikin 1911 ta koma Texas don zama ma'aikacin adana kayan tarihin Texas State Library,matsayin da za ta riƙe har zuwa 1915.Farkon aikinta na gudanar da ɗakin karatu ya zo ne a cikin 1915,lokacin da ta ƙaura zuwa kudu zuwa San Antonio don ɗaukar daraktan ɗakin karatu na Jama'a na San Antonio . West yayi aiki tuƙuru don haɓakawa da haɓaka ɗakin karatu na San Antonio.Ta fara ba da labaran laburare akai-akai,ta ƙara yawan hannun jari,ta ba da sabbin ayyuka ga ƙungiyoyi na musamman,ta nemi a san ayyukan ɗakin karatu a cikin jaridun gida,sannan ta fara jerin laccoci na jama'a.Ayyukanta ba kawai inganta ayyuka da abubuwan da ke cikin ɗakin karatu ba,sun kuma jawo hankali ga yammacin kanta.Maganar ayyukanta da nasararta sun bazu kuma a cikin 1918,bayan shekaru uku kawai,Yamma za ta zama Ma'aikacin Laburaren Jiha na Texas.  

## Ma'aikacin Laburaren Jihar Texas

## Manazarta
Elizabeth Heap

**Elizabeth Heaps** shugabar jami'a ce ta Ingilishi kuma mai ilimi a Jami'ar York,wacce ta kasance Pro-Mataimakin Shugaban a can tun Oktoba 2007, ɗaya daga cikin manyan mukamai huɗu waɗanda ke tallafawa Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar.Ayyukanta sun haɗa da alhakin Estates da Dabarun Ayyuka, gami da haɓakar harabar da aka amince da ita a rukuninta na Heslington Gabas .

Ita ce Shugabar Laburaren Jami'ar daga 1997,inda aikinta ya haɗa da alhakin Cibiyar Tarihi ta Borthwick,ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren ajiyar kayan tarihi na Biritaniya,musamman na kayan ikilisiyoyi.An kafa shi a cikin 1957,Cibiyar tana riƙe da ɗakunan ajiya daga ko'ina cikin duniya,daga karni na 12 zuwa yau.

An zabe ta a Majalisar Jami'ar a 1999,kuma tun lokacin ta zauna a Majalisar.A cikin Jami'ar kuma mamba ce ta Kotun,Kwamitin Tsare-tsare,Majalisar Dattijai,Kwamitin Watsa Labarai da kuma Ƙungiyoyin Aiwatar da Ayyuka na Dabarun.

A matsayinta na ƙwararriyar ma'aikaciyar ɗakin karatu,ta kasance babban mai shiga cikin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na ƙasa da na yanki a fagen bayanai da ɗakunan karatu,gami da Kwamitin Tsarin Watsa Labarai (JISC),Society of College,National da Library Library (SCONUL),da kuma Gidajen tarihi na Yorkshire,Laburare da Majalisar Taskoki.

Elizabeth Heaps tana da digiri a Faransanci da kuma a cikin karatun Medieval .
Elizabeth Jennings (mawaki)

**Elizabeth Joan Jennings** CBE (18 Yuli 1926 - 26 Oktoba 2001) mawaƙiyar Ingilishi ce.

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Jennings a The Bungalow,Tower Road,Skirbeck,Boston, Lincolnshire,'yar ƙaramar likita Henry Cecil Jennings (1893-1967),MA, BSc ( Oxon. ), MB BS ( Lond. ), DPH, jami'in kiwon lafiya. na Oxfordshire,da (Helen) Mary, née Turner.Lokacin da ta kai shekaru shida,danginta sun ƙaura zuwa Oxford,inda ta kasance har ƙarshen rayuwarta.Daga baya ta halarci Kwalejin St Anne . Bayan kammala karatun ta,ta zama marubuciya. 

## Manazarta
Mohamed Maa'it

**Mohamed Maait** ɗan siyasar Masar ne wanda ya kasance Ministan Kuɗi bayan hawansa daga Mataimakin Ministan Kuɗi na Al'amuran Baitulmalin Jama'a kuma Shugaban Sashen Shari'ar Tattalin Arziƙi. An naɗa shi a matsayin Gwarzon Ministan Kuɗi na Afirka (2019).  

## Ilimi
Maait ya sami digirinsa na farko a fannin inshora da lissafi a shekara ta 1984 da MPhil a Inshora a shekara ta 1992 daga Jami'ar Alkahira, Masar. Daga nan ya tafi Jami'ar City University, Landan inda ya sami Diploma a fannin Kimiyya a shekara ta 1996, da digiri na biyu a shekarar 1997 da PhD a shekara ta 2003. 

## Sana'a
Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban darektan Cibiyar Inshorar Masarawa a shekarar 2007 kafin a naɗa shi babban mai ba da shawara ga ministan kuɗi daga shekarun 2009 zuwa 2009. Daga shekarun 2013 zuwa 2015, ya yi aiki a lokaci guda a matsayin mataimakin shugaban hukumar kula da harkokin kuɗi ta Masar, Mataimakin Ministan Kuɗi na Harkokin Gudanarwa a shekarar 2013 da Mataimakin Ministan Lafiya da Yawan Jama'a na Farko daga shekarun 2014 zuwa 2015.  An tura shi mataimakin ministan kuɗi na farko akan harkokin baitul mali kafin daga bisani a bashi muƙamin mataimakin ministan kuɗi akan harkokin baitul malin jama'a da shugaban sashin shari'a na tattalin arziki daga bisani kuma aka naɗa shi ministan kuɗi. 

Shi ne shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa na Hukumar Kula da Inshorar Lafiya ta Duniya tun daga shekarar 2018 kuma shugaban Hukumar Kula da Lafiya ta Afirka tun a shekarar 2021.  

## Kyauta
An naɗa shi a matsayin Gwarzon Ministan Kuɗi na Afirka a shekarar 2019 saboda "tsarin sauye-sauyen tattalin arziki na Masar" wanda ya lashe "yabo daga ko'ina cikin duniya, tare da kyawawan dalilai", a cewar masu shirya gasar. 

## Manazarta
Ella Gaines Yates

An haifi Yates a cikin sanannen, dangi kuma mai arziki a Atlanta,Jojiya. Ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Booker T.Washington .An yarda da ita zuwa Spelman a ranar 13 ga Yuli,1944.Ta rubuta a cikin wasiƙar shigarta zuwa kwalejin,"Ina fatan in zo Spelman,domin ina jin babu wata kwaleji a ko'ina a duniya don yarinya don samun horo don shirya ta don samun babbar riba a rayuwa.A koyaushe ina duba.gaba don shiga Kwalejin Spelman,saboda daliban Spelman suna da wani iska game da su wanda ke nuna hali da al'adu.Da gaske zan fada cikin layi." Yates ya kammala karatun digiri na farko daga Spelman a 1949. Ta sadu da mijinta,Clayton Yates,a Morehouse College.

Yates ta sami digiri na MLS daga Jami'ar Atlanta a 1951,kuma ya ci gaba da kasancewa fitaccen memba na ɗakin karatu na Ba'amurke. An ɗauke ta a matsayin mataimakiyar ma’aikaciyar laburaren reshe a Laburaren Jama’a na Brooklyn daga 1951 zuwa 1955.Daga nan ta tafi zuwa Laburaren Jama'a na Orange a New Jersey don zama shugabar sashin yara,Laburare na Jama'a na East Orange ma'aikacin laburare,da Montclair Public Library a matsayin mataimakiyar darakta daga 1970 zuwa 1972.

Yates ya kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Lantarki ta Amirka (ALA) da Black Caucus na ALA.Ta kasance memba na NAACP,kuma ta taimaka samun lambar yabo ta Coretta Scott King Book Award.Ta buga wata kasida mai suna "Sexism in the Library Sana'ar." Ta yi aiki a matsayin marubuciyar bincike don Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Bil Adama ta Amurka,kuma memba na Delta Sigma Theta sorority. Ta kirkiro kamfaninta mai suna Yates Library Consultants.Ta kasance farfesa mai ziyara a Makarantar Graduate of Library na Jami'ar Atlanta daga 1976 zuwa 1981.

Yates da danginta sun ƙaura zuwa Seattle,Washington inda ta kafa Cibiyar Bayar da Labura da Koyo don Cibiyar Samar da Damar Samar da Sana'a na Seattle.Ta kuma fara koyarwa a Makarantar Karatun Karatu ta Jami'ar Washington. Daga baya ta karɓi matsayi a matsayin Ma'aikacin Laburaren Jiha na Laburaren Jihar Virginia. Yates ta ji daɗin wannan matsayi amma ba da daɗewa ba ta fuskanci matsaloli iri ɗaya da ta yi a Atlanta.An sallame ta kuma ta koma Atlanta.Ta dawo a matsayin darekta na wucin gadi a 1998,amma ta bar mukamin a ranar 31 ga Disamba saboda takaddama da hukumar kula da ɗakin karatu.
Emily Wheelock Reed

**Emily Wheelock Reed** (1910 - Mayu 19,2000) ma'aikaciyar ɗakin karatu ce a Alabama wanda ta yi aiki a matsayin darektan Sashen Sabis na Laburare na Jama'a na Alabama a lokacin ƙungiyoyin 'yancin ɗan adam.Ta tsaya tsayin daka ga masu rarrabawa da ke neman cire littattafai kamar littafin yara na 1958 Garth Williams, *Bikin Bikin Rana*,daga ɗakunan karatu na jihohi.

## Rayuwar farko, ilimi, da aiki
An haifi Emily Wheelock Reed a Asheville,North Carolina,a cikin 1910.Shekara guda bayan haihuwarta,danginta sun koma Midwest, inda ta girma kuma ta yi karatu a Culver, Indiana.Ta sami digiri na farko a Jami'ar Indiana,inda ta kasance memba na Phi Beta Kappa.Ta yi karatun digirin ta na laburaren a Jami'ar Michigan.

A tsawon lokacin aikinta,Reed ta yi aiki a fannoni daban-daban na ɗakin karatu don ɗakunan karatu na jama'a da na ilimi da yawa ciki har da Jami'ar Michigan, Jami'ar Jihar Florida,Laburaren Jama'a na Detroit,Tsarin Laburaren Jama'a na Jihar Hawaii a gundumar Kauai,Laburare na Jihar Louisiana,Alabama Sashen Sabis na Laburaren Jama'a,Tsarin Laburare Jama'a na Gundumar Columbia,da Laburaren Kyauta na Enoch Pratt a Baltimore.  

## Rikicin ''auren zomaye''
A cikin 1957, an nada Reed Daraktan Sashen Sabis na Laburare na Jama'a na Alabama.A cikin wannan rawar,ta gabatar da buƙatun kasafin kuɗi ga majalisar dokoki,kuma ita ce ke da alhakin zaɓe da sayan kayan ɗakin karatu a faɗin jihar.Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ta ɗauki wannan matsayi,Reed ta sami rashin jituwa da 'yan siyasar jihar. 

A cikin 1959,'yan ƙasa na Alabama da 'yan majalisa,masu jagorancin Sanata Edward Oswell Eddins na Jihar Alabama da Majalisar Jama'a,sun fara yunkurin kai hari ga littafin yara na 1958 Garth Williams, *Bikin Bikin Zomaye*.Littafin hoton, wanda aka yi niyya ga yara masu shekaru 3 zuwa 7, ya nuna dabbobi a cikin dajin wata mai haske suna halartar bikin auren farar zomo da baƙar fata.Saboda wannan abun ciki,an zarge littafin da inganta haɗin kan kabilanci da auren jinsi, kuma an bukaci a hana shi daga ɗakunan karatu na jama'a.Eddins ya yi nisa har ya ba da shawarar cewa "wannan littafi da wasu da yawa ya kamata a cire daga kantunan kuma a ƙone su".

## Manazarta
Sunan Kent

**Enid Kent** (an haife ta a watan Janairu 14, 1945) yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Amurka.

## Farkon rayuwa
An haife ta ga William Kent,ɗan ƙauran Bajamushe-Yahudawa,dillalin inshora kuma yar gudun hijira daga mulkin Nazi na Hitler a ƙarshen 1930s,da Irene Tedrow, tsohuwar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Amurka ta rediyo,mataki,fim da talabijin,asali daga Denver,Colorado.

Wani wanda ya kammala makarantar sakandare ta Hollywood,Kent ya binciko duniyar wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami,ya zama ɗan takara a bikin Shakespeare na Oregon a tsakanin sauran ƙoƙarin. Shekarunta na kwalejin sun same ta tana halartar azuzuwa a Jami'ar Jihar San Francisco,daga ƙarshe ta ƙaura zuwa New York don ci gaba da yin wasan kwaikwayo.

Bayan wannan motsi,aikinta ya girma,kuma ta zama 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta talabijin.Ta buga Nurse Bigelow,mai maimaita hali akan *M*A*S*H*,daga 1976 zuwa 1983.Ta kuma fito a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar *Dangantakar Iyali*,*Shugaban aji*,*CHIPs*,*bugun jini daban-daban*, *Takwas Ya isa*, *Karamin Abin al'ajabi*,da *Dokar LA*.

## Manazarta
Farouk Abdel Wahab Mustafa

**Farouk Abdel Wahab Mustafa** ( Larabci : عبد الوهاب، فاروق;  - 3 Afrilu 2013), sunan alƙalami  **Farouk Abdel Wahab**, masanin mai ilmi ne a Masar  kuma mai fassara a Amurka.  An haife shi a Tanta kuma yayi karatu a Jami'ar Alkahira.  Ya sami digiri na BA a shekara ta 1962 da MA a cikin adabin Ingilishi a shekara ta 1969.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Ya yi karatun digiri na uku a Jami'ar Minnesota, inda ya sami digiri na uku a cikin adabi a cikin shekara ta 1977. Ya koyar a Jami'ar Chicago daga shekarun 1975 har zuwa mutuwarsa.

Shi ne farkon wanda ya fara karatu a Jami'ar Ibn Rushd Professorial Lectureship in Modern Arabic Language,  kuma shi ne Mataimakin Darakta na Cibiyar Nazarin Gabas ta Tsakiya.

## Fassara
Ya kuma kasance fitaccen mai fassara na adabin Larabci na zamani. Daga cikin fassarorinsa akwai kamar haka:

* *Wata mace* ta Hala el Badry
* *Sauran Wuri* na Ibrahim Abdel Meguid
* *Babu Wanda Yake Barci A Alexandria* Na Ibrahim Abdel Meguid
* *Birds of Amber* by Ibrahim Abdel Meguid
* *Chicago* ta Alaa el Aswany
* *Soyayya a gudun hijira* na Bahaa Tahir
* *The Lodging House* by Khairy Shalaby
* *Zayni Barakat* na Gamal al-Ghitani
* *The Zafarani Files* by Gamal al-Ghitani
* *Littafin Epiphanies* na Gamal al-Ghitani
* *Al-A'mal al-Kamila* ( *Complete Works* ) na Mikhail Roman

Ya kuma fassara ayyukan Shakespeare da Pirandello zuwa Larabci.

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa

* Mustafa ya lashe lambar yabo ta Banipal na shekarar 2007 saboda fassararsa na Khairy Shalaby's *The Lodging House*.

## Ƙungiya

* Mustafa ya kasance memba na kungiyar Nazarin Gabas ta Tsakiya da Majalisar Al'adun Larabawa ta Amurka.

## Tribute
Mustafa ya rasu a ranar 3 ga watan Afrilu, 2013. 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin masu fassarar Larabci-Turanci

## Manazarta
Nevine El Kelany

**Nevine Youssef El Kelany** (an haife ta a ranar 26 ga watan Yuni 1964) malama ce 'yar ƙasar Masar kuma ministar Al'adu ta yanzu. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Babbar Cibiyar Nazarin Fasaha a Kwalejin Fasaha.  

## Sana'a
El Kelany ta sami digiri na farko a fannin fasaha a shekara ta 1989 kuma ta sami digiri na uku a fannin fasaha a cikin shekara ta 1995 daga wannan cibiya. Ta fara aikinta na ilimi a matsayin mataimakiyar mai koyarwa a Babbar Cibiyar Ballet a shekara ta 1989 kuma ta zama mataimakiyar farfesa a wannan cibiyar a shekara ta 1997.   Daga watan Oktoba 2000 zuwa Fabrairu 2007, ta kasance mataimakiyar farfesa a The Kinetic Performing Arts Criticism a Higher Institute of Artistic Criticism kuma ta zama cikakkiyar farfesa na kwas ɗaya da ma'aikata a shekarar 2012.   El Kelany ta yi aiki sau biyu a matsayin shugabar babbar cibiyar sukar fasaha a Kwalejin Arts daga shekarun 2014 zuwa 2015 sannan daga shekarun 2017 zuwa 2022 lokacin da aka naɗa ta ministar Al'adu a cikin sake fasalin majalisar ministocin a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta 2022. Ta gaji Ines Abdel-Dayem.

## Manazarta
Elizabeth Lee Bloomstein

**Elizabeth Lee Bloomstein** (Janairu 8,1859 - Janairu 2,1927) farfesa ce ta tarihin Ba'amurke,ma'aikaciyar dakin karatu na jami'a,macen kulab,kuma mai fada a ji a Nashville, Tennessee .

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi

An haifi Elizabeth Lee Bloomstein a cikin 1859 a cikin fitattun dangin Yahudawa a Nashville,Tennessee,'yar Yakubu da Esther Miriam Bloomstein. Ta sauke karatu daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Ward kafin ta halarci Kwalejin George Peabody don Malamai.Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata goma sha uku a aji na farko na yaye karatu daga Peabody,ajin 1877.Ta ci gaba da karatu a lokacin bazara a wasu jami'o'i da lokacin balaguro zuwa kasashen waje.

## Sana'a
Bloomstein ta yi aiki a matsayin farfesa na tarihi a Kwalejin George Peabody don Malamai.Ta kasance memba na kwamitin zartarwa na farko na Ƙungiyar Malaman Tarihi ta Tennessee,lokacin da aka shirya ta a 1912.

A wajen harabar,ta kasance shugabar Ƙungiyar Mujallar,ƙungiyar adabin mata a Nashville.Har ila yau,ta kasance mai aiki a Ƙungiyar Ƙarni na Twentieth,Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Mata,Ƙungiyar Mata ta Jami'ar Nashville,Ƙungiyar Mata ta Tennessee,Ƙungiyar Tarihi ta Mata,da Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun.Ta kuma kasance memba a kungiyar Kudu Rejection League,kungiyar masu tada hankali,da kuma kungiyar masu kula da gida,kungiyar tsaftar jama'a. Ta shugabanci kwamitin ilimi na Ƙungiyar Mata ta Tennessee,kuma tana cikin kwamitin ilimi na Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Mata ta Ƙasa . "Ta yi imani cewa ƙungiyar kulab ɗin mata shine sanin sha'awar manyan alaƙar rayuwa," in ji ta.Ta kasance memba na United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).

A cikin 1897,ta ba da adireshin,"Ado na Parthenon," a Tennessee Centennial and International Exposition.A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya, Bloomstein ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Mata na Nashville na Majalisar Tsaro ta ƙasa. 

## Daga baya rayuwa
Elizabeth Lee Bloomstein ta mutu a shekara ta 1927,tana da shekaru 66.An tara gawarwakinta a makabartar Temple a Nashville.
Elizabeth Nesbitt

**Elizabeth Nesbitt** (Afrilu 15, 1897 - Agusta 17,1977),kuma aka fi sani da **Betty Nesbitt** ma'aikaciyar dakin karatu ce ta yara Ba'amurkiya kuma mai koyar da kimiyyar laburare.An san ta "a duniya a matsayin mai iko kan adabin yara", kuma ta ba da "(s) gudunmawa mai karfi" ga aikin ɗakin karatu na yara.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Elizabeth Nesbitt a ranar 15 ga Afrilu,1897,a Northumberland,Pennsylvania,arewacin Harrisburg akan kogin Susquehanna, Amurka.Bayan ta kammala karatunta a makaranta mai zaman kanta,ta sami digiri na AB daga Kwalejin Goucher na mata,Baltimore a 1918.Ta kuma sami wani digiri na farko a kimiyyar ɗakin karatu daga Makarantar Laburare ta Carnegie a 193.Ta ci gaba da samun digiri na biyu a Turanci daga Jami'ar Pittsburgh a 1935.

## Sana'a
A cikin 1919 danginta sun ƙaura daga Philadelphia zuwa Pittsburgh.Ta ɗan yi aiki a matsayin malama a wata makaranta mai zaman kanta a Pittsburgh. Daga baya ta shiga a matsayin mataimakiya a Makarantar Laburare ta Carnegie na Pittsburgh.A cikin 1948 aka nada ta a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban Makarantar Laburare ta Carnegie,kuma ta rike wannan mukamin har sai da ta yi ritaya a 1962. Daga nan ta zama malama a Makarantar Graduate of Library and Information Sciences na Jami'ar Pittsburgh. A lokacin bazara ta koyar da darussan da suka danganci kimiyyar laburare a manyan manyan makarantun ilimi da suka hada da Jami'ar Columbia da Jami'ar Illinois . An haɗa ta da ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru da yawa kamar Ƙungiyar Laburare ta Pennsylvania da Ƙungiyar Laburare ta Amurka.

An kuma san ta da mai ba da labari.

## Labarai
Elizabeth Nesbitt ta haɗu da *Mawallafin Mahimman Tarihin Adabin Yara*,wanda ta kasance "babu mai mahimmanci" a cikin filin.

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa
Elizabeth Nesbitt ta sami lambobin yabo da yawa da yabo saboda gudummawar da ta bayar a fannin kimiyyar laburare da adabin yara. Waɗannan sun haɗa da

## Manazarta
Hani Sewilam

**Hani Sewilam** wani masanin ilimi ne ɗan ƙasar Masar  kuma farfesa a fannin albarkatun ruwa a halin yanzu yana matsayin ministan ban ruwa. An zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban majalisar ministocin ruwa na Afirka a shekara ta 2023 na tsawon shekaru biyu.  Ya kasance shugaban Cibiyar Heribert Nacken kuma Darakta na UNESCO Shugaban Canje-canje na Ruwa da Gudanar da Albarkatun Ruwa da ke Jami'ar RWTH Aachen, Jamus. 

## Ilimi da aiki
Sewilam ya yi karatun Difloma a fannin Injiniyancin Ruwa da Digiri na farko a  Injiniyanci da Ruwa a Jami'ar Zagazig, Masar. Daga nan ya wuce Jami'ar Southampton ta ƙasar Ingila inda ya sami digiri na biyu (MSc) a fannin injiniyan muhalli da ban ruwa da kuma digiri na uku a fannin sarrafa albarkatun ruwa daga jami'ar Aachen da ke Jamus.  Sha'awar karatunsa ta mayar da hankali kan kula da ruwa, ilimin ruwa, daskarewa da ci gaba mai ɗorewa.

Sewilam ya kasance manajan darakta na Unesco Chair a Canje-canje na Ruwa da Gudanar da Albarkatun Ruwa a Jami'ar RWTH Aachen, Bajamushe kuma daraktan ilimi na Sashen Injiniyancin Hydrology na Cibiyar Heribert Nacken. Sewilan shine shugaban Cibiyar Nazarin Aiwatarwa akan Muhalli da Ɗorewa (CARES) a Jami'ar Amurka a Alkahira (AUC). 

An naɗa shi Ministan Ruwa na Masar a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta 2022. A ranar 27 ga watan Fabrairu, 2023, Majalisar Ministocin Afirka kan Ruwa ta zaɓi Sewilam a matsayin shugaban kungiyar na tsawon shekaru biyu. Ya karɓi muƙamin Carl Hermann Schlettwein, ministan noma, ruwa da albarkatun ƙasa na Namibiya.

## Kyauta
An bashi lambar ta Ruwa-Makamashi-Abinci-Ecosystems (WEFE) Nexus a shekarar 2022.

## Manazarta