Beers na Lorna

**Lorna Doone Beers** (10 ga Mayu, 1897 - 5 ga Yuni, 1989) marubuciya ce 'yar Amurka, mawaƙi, mai rubuta tarihin rayuwa, kuma marubuciyar littattafan yara. Ta lashe kyautar Hopwood ta farko don almara, editocin EP Dutton da ke New York sun yi wa Ms. Beers kallon marubuciya mai ƙarfin adabi da kuma ƙwarewar jigogi da muryoyin Midwestern don zama wani Ole Rolvaag ko ma Sinclair Lewis . Littattafan ta suna yabon halayen mata na zamani, da kuma yadda suke ji game da ƙarfin da ke aiki a cikin Amurka mai canzawa, da kuma ra'ayin mawaƙinsu mai ido ɗaya game da rayuwa a cikin tsaunukan arewa. An rubuta manyan littattafan ta guda uku a cikin shekaru goma tsakanin 1922 da 1932.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haife ta a Maple Plain, Minnesota, a shekarar 1897 ga John Beers da Sara James Beers, ma'aurata masu shekaru arba'in da haihuwa waɗanda suka ƙaura zuwa ƙauyen suka buɗe shagon kayan aiki da filin katako shekaru uku kacal kafin haihuwar Lorna.  Ita ce ƙarama cikin 'ya'ya biyar ('yan uwanta sune Priscilla, Harry, Hilton, da Jessa), ta girma a cikin al'ummar noma mai himma wadda ta kasance iyaka shekaru kaɗan da suka gabata. Mahaifiyarta Sara ta mutu lokacin da Lorna ke da shekaru 13. Beers ta bayyana kanta a matsayin wacce ta tafi kwaleji (ba kamar yadda aka saba ba ga wata matashiya a Minnesota a lokacin) har yanzu tana sanye da kitso mai launin shuɗi mai tsayin kugu. 

Da ƙarfafa rubuce-rubucenta daga farfesoshinta, ta kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Minnesota kuma ta sami tallafin koyarwa a Turanci a can.  Ta yi karatu daga baya a Jami'ar Michigan da Jami'ar George Washington .  Ta yi tattaki don neman zaɓen mata,  kuma a shekarar 1920, kafin cika shekaru 23 da haihuwarta, ta auri wani matashi ɗan kasuwa, Clyde Raymond (Ray) Chambers. An haifi ɗansu Richard a shekarar 1924.

## Aiki a matsayin marubuci
Beers ta sami yabo mai yawa a ƙasa saboda littattafanta, waɗanda duk an rubuta su a filayen arewa. Yayin da take da shekaru ashirin, ta jawo hankalin babban mawallafin New York EP Dutton, wanda editocinsa suka yi ƙoƙari su fara gabatar da ita a matsayin marubuciya "mai adabi" (ba kamar marubuciyar soyayya ba). Lokacin da aka buga *Prairie Fires* a 1925, Louis Kronenberger yana rubutu a cikin Jaridar Saturday Review of Literature ya kira shi "wani labari na zamani na ƙasa" da kuma "wani labari mai faɗi" tare da "ƙarfin kuzari, iri-iri, ikon yin tatsuniyar sa ta yi tafiya...."  Mai suka Robert Morss Lovett ya rubuta a cikin Jaridar New Republic, "Akwai wani abu na Rashanci game da wannan littafin, kuma akwai wani abu na Amurka sosai game da shi." Lovett ya yaba da "gaskiyarsa ga muhimman yanayi."  An yaba wa *Prairie Fires* a cikin Jaridar New Yorker a cikin bugu uku daban-daban.  A shekarar 1929 Beers ta buga littafin *A Humble Lear*, wanda wani mai sharhi a Ohio ya bayyana "a matsayin wani labari mai ban mamaki game da rayuwar gonaki," kuma Jaridar New York Times Book Review ta bayyana shi a matsayin "mai jan hankali saboda gaskiya ne." 

An buga shi a shekarar 1932 kuma ya lashe kyautar Avery Hopwood mai daraja a Jami'ar Michigan, Dutton ya tallata littafin The Mad Stone da himma a matsayin "misali na tsantsar littafin Amurka." "Gudummawa ce ga adabin Amurka," in ji mawallafin. Duk da haka, aikin Beers a matsayin marubuci mai gaskiya ba zai daɗe ba fiye da wannan shekaru goma masu cike da abubuwan al'ajabi tsakanin farkon shekarun ashirin da bayyanar The Mad Stone . Duk da alƙawarin farko, ba ta taɓa buga wani labari ba. (Wannan lokacin ya kasance mai amfani ga wani ƙaramin gari na Minnesota, Sinclair Lewis, wanda ke haɓaka wasu jigogi iri ɗaya a Main Street, Babbitt, da Elmer Gantry kafin ya zama ɗan Amurka na farko da ya lashe kyautar Nobel a Adabi .)

Bayan 1932, kuma a cikin shekarun 1940, Beers ta yi ƙoƙarin rubuta littattafai masu cike da buri kamar littattafai. Lokacinta da ƙarfinta sun yi ta ƙarewa bayan shekaru, ta hanyar kula da mijinta, wanda ke fama da matsalolin motsin rai, gami da tsoro mai ban tsoro.  A wannan lokacin ma'auratan sun zauna galibi a Summit, New Jersey, kusa da Manhattan inda Ray Chambers ke aiki a cikin al'ummar masu zuba jari. A cikin shekarun 1950, Beers ta samar da littattafai guda biyu masu shahara ga matasa masu karatu waɗanda har yanzu ana karanta su a yau, *The Book of Hugh Flower* (1952) da *The Crystal Cornerstone* (1955). A cikin 1966, WWNorton ta buga *Wild Apples da North Wind*, littafin tarihin rayuwarta mai ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa na rayuwa a gona a Vermont. Wannan littafin ya dawo da wasu daga cikin sha'awar da ƙarfin littattafanta, amma a wani wuri mai nisa, mai ɗaci daga labaran daji. Bayaninsa mai zurfi, mara faɗi game da mahadar yanayi da mutane ya yi daidai da Robert Frost kuma yana tsammanin Annie Dillard .

## Shekarun da suka biyo baya
Ma'auratan sun yi ritaya zuwa wani gidan gona mai shekaru 150 a karkarar Vermont a ƙarshen shekarun 1950. A cikin shekarun 1960 zuwa cikin shekarun 1970, Beers ta kasance mai yawan ba da gudummawa ga waƙoƙi, labarai, da gajerun labarai ga wallafe-wallafe kamar Harper's, Yankee, The New England Galaxy, The Sign, da Christian Science Monitor . August Derleth ta zaɓi ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙinta don *Fire and Sleet da Candlelight*, wani littafi da aka keɓe don ayyukan tatsuniya da mawaƙa masu rai.  A shekarar 1966, ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Staunton, Virginia, a cikin kwarin Shenandoah. A shekarar 1974, Beers ta zauna a can cikin kwanciyar hankali tare da surukarta, wacce take ƙauna, a kan wani tudu mai inuwa a saman wani kyakkyawan harabar kwaleji na mata. Bangon tsohon gidanta an yi masa layi da dubban littattafai. Ta mutu a shekarar 1989 tana da shekaru 92. Daga cikin takardunta akwai cikakken daftarin farko na wani labari. 

## Ayyuka

* *Gobarar Prairie* (1925)
* *Mai Tawali'u* (1929)
* *Dutse Mai Hauka* (1932)
* *Littafin Hugh Flower* (1952)
* *Dutsen Crystal Cornerstone* (1955)
* *Apples na Daji da Iskar Arewa* (1966)

## Bayanan ƙasa


## Littattafan tarihi

* "Tarihin Zamantakewa na Dakota Prairies a cikin Sabon Littafin, Gobarar Prairie ta Lorna Doone Beers." New York Times Book Review, Mayu 17, 1925, p.&nbsp;8.
* "A Lear of the Plains: A Humble Lear na Lorna Doone Beers." New York Times Book Review, Yuni 2, 1929, p.&nbsp;5.
* “Littattafai A Yau.” [Bita Kan Apples Na Daji da Iskar Arewa ta Lorna Beers.] Jaridar New York Times, 25 ga Afrilu, 1966, shafi.&nbsp;28.