open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Éveline Garnier

**Éveline Geneviève Anna Garnier** (6 ga Mayu 1904 - 22 ga Oktoba 1989) ta kasance muhimmiyar adadi a cikin Noyautage des administrations publiques, wanda ke da niyyar shiga cikin Gwamnatin Vichy ta Faransa a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu . Ta yi amfani da aikinta a matsayin mai kula da ɗakin karatu don rufe aikinta a cikin Resistance na Faransa tare da abokin aikinta Andrée Jacob, Henri Frenay da Claude Bourdet . 

## Rayuwa ta farko da iyali
An haifi Éveline Geneviève Anna Garnier a ranar 6 ga Mayu 1904 a cikin 16th arrondissement na Paris .  Mahaifiyarta ita ce Jeanne Julie Gabrielle (née Maritain) (1875-1955)  kuma mahaifinta Charles Marie Georges Garnier (1869-1956), farfesa a fannin wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi da harshe a Lycée Janson-de-Sailly, Sufeto Janar na Ilimi na Jama'a kuma marubuci.  Kakar mahaifiyarta, Geneviève Maritain (née Favre) (1855-1943), ta kasance mai fafutukar mata kuma mai zaman lafiya, 'yar masanin falsafa da malami Julie Favre da kuma ɗan siyasa da lauya Jules Favre . Kakan mahaifiyarta shine masanin falsafa Jacques Maritain, wanda ya tuba daga Furotesta zuwa Katolika a 1906  kuma daga baya ya sanya ta a matsayin babban wakilin sa. 

Iyayenta, duka Furotesta, sun sake aure jim kadan kafin Yaƙin Duniya na farko.

Éveline Garnier ta kasance abokin tarayya na wani memba na Resistance na Faransa, Andrée Jacob, wanda ta sadu da shi a cikin Krista da ke kusa da kawunta Jacques Maritain . 

## Ayyukan adawa a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu
Ta yi aiki tare da Claude Bourdet a cikin ƙungiyar Combat, tana aiki a cikin leken asiri, daukar ma'aikata, ƙungiya, da kuma aiki kai tsaye. Ta kuma yi aiki tare da Uba Foussard, a cikin Comet Line, wanda ya ceci kuma ya dawo da 'yan saman Allied da aka harbe su a ƙasar Faransa.

Garnier ta zama mataimakiyar sakatare janar na cibiyar sadarwa ta Noyautage des administrations publiques (NAP) a watan Satumbar 1943, tana aiki tare da abokin aikinta Andrée Jacob, (sunan lamba Danielle). Daga Maris 1944 Garnier ya kasance shugaban cibiyar sadarwa ta NAP . [1] Ta kuma taimaka wajen ceton Yahudawa ta hanyar yin musu takardun karya.

Bayan 'Yanci na Faransa, ita da Andrée Jacob sun shiga ma'aikatar tsoffin mayakan Résistance et des Déportés (Ma'aikatari na Tsohon Ma'aikata na Resistance da Deportees). 

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Garnier da Andrée Jacob sun kasance cikin dangantaka sama da shekaru hamsin.

Éveline Garnier ta mutu a ranar 22 ga Oktoba 1989 sakamakon cutar zuciya a asibitin Sainte-Périne a cikin 16th arrondissement na Paris . 

## Yabo

* Medal na Resistance na Faransa (1945) 
* Gicciye na Yaƙi 1939-1945 tare da dabino (1946) 
* Kyautar Kyautar Kyauta (1946) 

## Manazarta
Geneviève de Gaulle-Anthonioz

**Geneviève de Gaulle-Anthonioz** (25 ga Oktoba 1920 - 14 ga Fabrairu 2002) ta kasance memba na Resistance na Faransa a yakin duniya na biyu, a lokacin da aka tura ta sansanin Ravensbrück . Bayan yakin, ta kasance Mai kare haƙƙin ɗan adam kuma shugabar kungiyar agaji ta ATD Quart Monde don Rage talauci. Kakanta Janar Charles de Gaulle ne, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Faransa daga 1959 zuwa 1969.

## Tsayayyar Faransa

Geneviève de Gaulle ta shiga Resistance bayan mamaye Faransa a watan Yunin 1940 kuma ta fadada hanyoyin sadarwar ta, musamman na Défense de la France . Pierre Bonny na Gestapo ta Faransa ne ya kama ta a ranar 20 ga Yuli 1943, ya ɗaure ta a Fresnes kuma ya kore ta zuwa sansanin Ravensbrück a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu 1944. 'Yan uwanta fursunoni sun hada da Jacqueline Fleury da Germaine Tillion .

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1944, an sanya de Gaulle a ware a cikin sansanin sansanin. Heinrich Himmler ya yanke shawarar kiyaye ta da rai don amfani da ita a matsayin mai yiwuwa fursuna. An sake ta a watan Afrilun shekara ta 1945. A shekara ta 1946 ta auri Bernard Anthonioz, ɗan'uwan adawa kuma editan fasaha, tare da shi ta haifi 'ya'ya huɗu.

## Ayyuka
A matsayinta na memba mai aiki kuma daga baya shugaban ADIR (Association of Deportées and Internées of the Résistance), ta shigar da kara a kan masu aikata laifukan yaki na Nazi, sannan ta shiga cikin tasowa na yunkurin siyasa da kawunta ya kaddamar, Rassemblement du peuple français (Rally of the French People).

A shekara ta 1958, de Gaulle-Anthonioz ta yi aiki tare da majalisar André Malraux wanda mijinta ya kasance memba. Ta sadu da Uba Joseph Wresinski, a lokacin malamin garin Noisy-le-Grand. Rashin wahalar iyalan da ta sadu da su a can ya farfado da waɗanda ita da sauran waɗanda aka kwashe suka fuskanta.[1]

Da farko a matsayin mai sa kai na dindindin, de Gaulle-Anthonioz ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar ATD Quart Monde daga 1964 zuwa 1998.

A shekara ta 1988 ta zama memba na Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Jama'a ta Faransa, kuma shekaru goma ta yi gwagwarmaya don karɓar dokar yaki da talauci. An jinkirta shi a shekara ta 1997 saboda rushewar Majalisar Dokokin Faransa, an kafa dokar ta a shekarar 1998.

## Kyauta

A ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2014, Shugaban Faransa François Hollande ya ba da sanarwar cewa za a binne Mme. de Gaulle-Anthonioz a cikin Pantheon . 

An binne ta a can a watan Mayu 2015  a cikin jana'izar alama. Akwatin Geneviève de Gaulle-Anthonioz a Panthéon ba ya dauke da gawarwakinta amma ƙasa daga kabarinta,  saboda iyalinta ba sa son a raba gawar ta da na mijinta. 

## Ayyuka

* Za a iya samun Paris bayani a wannan talifin a dandalin www.jw.org.
* Allah ya kasance a waje - An Echo of Ravensbruck (Fassara), 1999,  
* [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga littafin nan.

## Kayan ado

* Medal na Resistance
* Gicciye na Yaƙi 1939-1945
* Grand-Croix de la Légion d'honneur (de Gaulle-Anthonioz ita ce mace ta farko da aka ba da wannan matsayi). 

## Manazarta
Brigitte Gros

**Brigitte Gros** (12 Yuni 1925 - 11 Maris 1985) 'yar jaridar Faransa ce kuma 'yar siyasa. Ta yi aiki a matsayin magajin gari na Meulan-en-Yvelines kuma a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dattijan Faransa . Ita ce marubuciyar littattafai da yawa.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Brigitte Gros a matsayin Brigitte Servan-Schreiber a ranar 12 ga Yuni 1925 a Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Faransa.   Mahaifinta, Émile Servan-Schreiber, marubucin Yahudawa ne. Mahaifiyarta, Denise Brésard, Roman Katolika ce.

A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, ta shiga ƙungiyar adawa ta Faransa kuma ta yi aiki a cikin maquis na Ain a ƙarƙashin Léo Hamon .  Koyaya, Gestapo ta kama ta kuma ta azabtar da ita a ranar 15 ga watan Agusta 1944.  A lokacin 'yancin Faransa, ta yi aiki a karkashin Janar Jean de Lattre de Tassigny .  Ta kasance mai karɓar Croix de Guerre saboda hidimarta.

## Ayyuka
Gros ya fara aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida ga Les Échos da Paris-Presse .  Ta shiga L'Express a shekarar 1955. Ta wallafa littafinta na farko a shekarar 1960. 

An zabi Gros a majalisar birni ta Meulan a shekarar 1965. Ta yi aiki a matsayin magajin gari daga 1966 zuwa 1985. A lokacin da take aiki, ta kula da gina unguwar Paradis da asibitin Henri-IV a Meulan . 

Gros ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dattijan Faransa daga 1977 zuwa 1985.[1] A lokacin da take aiki, ta yi aiki a kan manufofi don tallafawa gidaje masu karamin karfi da aka sani da HLM . [1] Bugu da ƙari, ta yi jayayya cewa kowane iyali na Faransa ya kamata ya sami damar mallakar gida.[1] A halin yanzu, ta rubuta wani rahoto don tallafawa kafa harajin Solidarity akan dukiya a 1980 (wanda aka aiwatar a 1981). [1] Ta kuma kada kuri'a don amincewa da zubar da ciki da ka'idojin saki da kuma soke hukuncin kisa.[1]

## Rayuwa ta mutum, mutuwa da gado
Ta auri Emeric Gros; suna da 'ya'ya hudu, Olivier, Faransa, François da Catherine.

Gros ya mutu a ranar 11 ga Maris 1985 a Meulan-en-Yvelines, Faransa. Gidan Brigitte-Gros, filin gari, da *Cibiyar Brigitte Gros*, asibiti, dukansu biyu suna zaune a Meulan, an sanya musu suna a cikin ƙwaƙwalwarta. A halin yanzu, an gudanar da bikin tunawa da shekaru 30 da mutuwarta a Meulan a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu 2016.

## Manazarta
Fitnat al-Wahhabiyya

***Fitnat al-Wahhabiyya*** (Arabic: فتنة الوهابية, lit. 'The Wahhabi Fitna') is a booklet written by Ahmad Zayni Dahlan (1816/17–1886) the Grand Mufti of the Shafi'is in Mecca in the late years of the Ottoman Empire..
Dahlan ya rubuta wannan aikin a kan addinin Wahhabi kuma ya yi tsayayya da shi sosai, kuma ya kira su mugun ɗarika. Ya soki Wahhabis saboda bayyana Musulmai a matsayin masu cin amana (*Kafir*) da masu bin addinai da yawa (*mushrik*). Ya kuma zargi Wahhabis da tsattsauran ra'ayi don kashe abokan adawar Musulmi.

Littafin ya bayyana tarihin ka'idodin ridda na Wahhabism a Najd da Hijaz da azabtarwar Wahhabis da aka yi wa Musulmai; inda Dahlan ya fallasa kuma ya karyata wasu daga cikin abubuwan da ya gani da kuma shaida daga ayyukan Wahhabi masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da laifuka ban da imanin su na tsattsa ra'ayi a aqidah (ka'idar Islama). 

A lokacin da Wahhabism ke yaduwa cikin sauri. Ya rubuta cewa: 

## Manazarta
Fatemeh shine Fatemeh

Fatemeh is Fatemeh (Persian) littafi ne wanda Ali Shari'a ya rubuta. An rubuta littafin ne a shekara ta 1971.

An rubuta shi a zamanin kafin Iran_Revolution" id="mwFA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Iranian Revolution">juyin juya hali tarihin Iran inda babu takamaiman tushe wanda mutum zai iya fassara ko wanene ta, kuma ya tabbatar wa masu karatu cewa yana ba su fiye da bayanin nazari game da mutuntakarta kuma yana buƙatar zargi na mai tunani mai haske. Ali Shariati ya gabatar da Fatima a matsayin mace Musulmi mai juyin juya hali a cikin sanannen lacca da littafinsa mai suna Fatima is Fatima (1971). Ya gabatar da Fatima, 'yar Annabi Muhammadu, a matsayin mutum mai zaman kansa na tarihi wanda ke nuna juriya, adalci na zamantakewa, da aikin juyin juya hali. Hoton Shariati ya wuce labaran addini na gargajiya, yana tsara ta a matsayin abin koyi ga matasan mata Musulmai da ke cikin gwagwarmayar zamantakewar siyasa. Ya kirkiro hoton Fatima a matsayin martani ga manyan abubuwan zamantakewa da siyasa guda biyu na shekarun 1970s: rawar da mata ke takawa a cikin gwagwarmayar siyasa da rashin haɗin gwiwar juyin juya halin Musulunci ga matasan mata Musulmai. Ta hanyar jaddada rashin amincewarta da rashin adalci na siyasa da kuma jajircewarta ga canjin zamantakewa, Shariati ta gina Fatima a matsayin alama ce ta juriya, daidai da gwagwarmayar mata masu juyin juya hali na zamani a Iran. Jawabinsa ya nemi ya tattara mata Musulmai cikin aikin juyin juya hali, yana sanya Islama a matsayin ikon 'yanci game da mulkin mallaka da zalunci. Shariati's Fatima ya bambanta da nau'ikan masu amfani da Yamma da kuma al'adun gargajiya ga mata. Maimakon haka, ya yi la'akari da sabon abu: mace musulma mai juyin juya hali wacce ke da hankali, mai aiki a siyasa, kuma ta himmatu ga canza al'umma. Fassararsa ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara asalin juyin juya halin mata da yawa na Iran wanda ya kai ga juyin juya hali na Islama na 1979.  Ta hanyar rubuta wannan littafin ya kammala aikin masanin Faransanci Farfesa Louis Massignon .  A cikin littafin, Fatima Zahra, 'yar annabin Musulunci Muhammad, an bayyana ta a matsayin abin koyi ga mata Musulmai a duniya da kuma mace mai 'yanci. Ya bayyana Fatima a matsayin bayyanar da alama ta hanya da kuma muhimmiyar jagora ta 'tunani na Islama'. Ya bayyana cewa har ma a cikin duniya mai canzawa inda ra'ayoyin mutane game da rayuwa ke canzawa koyaushe, a matsayin abin koyi Fatima har yanzu mata a duniya na iya dubawa. Shariati ta kuma gargadi Ulema saboda rashin ba da isasshen koyarwa game da rayuwar dangin Muhammadu.

## Manazarta
Amarjeet Kaur

**Amarjeet Kaur** (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga Afrilu 1952) ɗan siyasan Indiya ne kuma Sakataren Ƙasa na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Indiya .  Ita ce Babban Sakatare na All India Trade Union Congress .  Ita ce mace ta farko a Indiya mai zaman kanta da ta kasance a kan jagorancin daya daga cikin kungiyoyin kwadago na tsakiya, bayan zaben Maniben Kara a matsayin Babban Sakataren AITUC a 1936. 

Kaur ta ci gaba da zama mace ta biyu babban sakatare na All India Students Federation (AISF) na tsawon shekaru bakwai daga 1979 kuma Babban Sakatare na National Federation of Indian Women (NFIW) daga 1999 zuwa 2002.[1] Ta kasance Sakatariyar Kasa ta AITUC daga 1994 zuwa 2017. Yayinda take daliba, an daure ta a Delhi na kwanaki 10 a 1972 saboda shiga cikin zanga-zangar CPI game da hauhawar farashi, kuma na kwanaki hudu a 1977 don zanga-zangilar daliban Jami'ar Jamia-JNU-Delhi game da zanga-zambe na Jami'ar Aligarh Muslim.

## Manazarta
Littafin The Fall of the Islamic World

The Fall of the Islamic World: A forecast ( , asalin taken Jamusanci: Der Untergang der islamischen Welt: Eine Prognose,  ) littafi ne daga shekara ta 2010 da masanin kimiyyar siyasa na Jamus da Masar kuma mai sukar Islama Hamed Abdel-Samad . 

A cikin littafin Abdel-Samad ya yi iƙirarin cewa Islama ta wuce mafi girma. Ya bayyana cewa asalin dalilin faduwar Islama shine cewa Musulmai na zamani suna cinye nasarorin al'umma ta zamani, amma a cikin ruhaniya ba su bude ga ra'ayoyin zamani kamar 'Yanci, daidaito da sukar addini ba. Ya yi jayayya cewa Musulmai a Yammacin Turai sun dogara da tattalin arziki ga tsarin zamantakewar Yammacin amma sun raina dabi'un ɗabi'a. A sakamakon haka, ya ce, rata tsakanin Islama da al'ummar zamani tana ƙaruwa kuma Islama ta rasa muhimmancinta. Adbel-Samad ya ba da mafita a cikin abin da ya kira "magana ta bayan Koran", farfadowar addinin Islama, amma ba a zahiri akan kalmar Qu'ran ba.

## Manazarta
Rashin yin Musulunci

'''Demystifying Islam: Tackling the Tough Questions wani littafi ne na 2014 wanda ba na almara ba ne na Harris Zafar .  

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
Marubucin Harris Zafar, "mai magana da yawun kasa na Ahmadiyya Muslim Community USA,"  ya magance rashin fahimta game da Bangaskiyar Musulunci da al'adun Yammacin Turai.

## Manazarta
Rikicin Delhi 2020: Labarin da ba a fada ba

Delhi Riots 2020: The Untold Story littafi ne na 2020 game da tashin hankali na Delhi wanda ya faru a cikin kwanaki shida a watan Fabrairun 2020 wanda 53 suka mutu, ciki har da Musulmai 36 da Hindu 15. A cewar shafin yanar gizon mai bugawa na yanzu,  littafin yana da niyyar tabbatar da da'awar cewa " Urban Naxal da Jihadi ne suka shirya kuma suka aiwatar da tashin hankali a Delhi"; wanda Amnesty International,   Human Rights Watch  da Delhi Minorities Commission   suka saba wa.

Garuda Prakashan ya karɓi umarni sama da 15,000 a cikin rana ɗaya bayan ya buɗe shafin yanar gizon sa don yin rajista.

## Marubutan
Delhi Riots 2020 ta rubuta ta Monika Arora, Sonali Chitalkar, da Prerna Malhotra. Arora lauya ce mai zaman kanta a Delhi da ke aiki a Kotun Koli ta Indiya .  Ita ce mai ba da shawara ga Gwamnatin Indiya, a Babban Kotun Delhi . Ita ce tsohuwar shugabar DUSU daga ABVP, a lokacin 1992-1993.  Ta kuma yi aiki a kotunan gundumar. Chitalkar mataimakiyar farfesa ce a fannin kimiyyar siyasa a Gidan Miranda, Jami'ar Delhi .  Malhotra kuma mataimakiyar farfesa ce ta Turanci a Kwalejin Ram Lal Anand, Jami'ar Delhi . Tana da Ph.D. kuma ta hada hannu kuma ta shirya littattafai shida. Marubutan suna daga cikin Ƙungiyar Masu Hikima da Masana kimiyya (GIA), waɗanda a baya suka gabatar da rahoton aikin binciken gaskiyar su game da tashin hankali na Delhi na 2020 ga Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida G. Kishen Reddy .  

## Rikici na wallafe-wallafen
Littafin ya fara bugawa ne daga Bloomsbury Indiya. An fara gardamar ne saboda an gayyaci Kapil Misra, wanda aka ambaci sunansa a cikin rahoton binciken gaskiyar Hukumar Kula da Ƙananan Hukumomi ta Delhi,  zuwa ƙaddamar da littafin.  A ranar 22 ga watan Agusta 2020, bayan wani tashin hankali, Bloomsbury ya janye daga buga littafin. A ranar 23 ga watan Agustan 2020, gidan wallafe-wallafen *Garuda Prakashan* ya ce za su buga shi.

Bayan shiga *Garuda Prakashan*, Tamil_Nadu" id="mwhA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu-based Footprint Publications, wanda shugaba na BJP ke gudanarwa, ya kuma sanar da cewa zai buga littafin Tamil.

Monika Arora ta yi jayayya cewa janyewar Bloomsbury Indiya daga bugawa hari ne kan 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki.

Bayan gano cewa kwafin PDF na littafin yana yawo a kan layi yayin da "An ba da lasisi na musamman na Bloombury India don sake buga kwafin littafinta", marubutan sun shigar da korafi tare da Kwamishinan 'yan sanda, Delhi a kan Bloomsbury India "don laifin karya amincewa, zamba, cin hanci da rashawa, cin zarafin dukiya".   Har ila yau, ta yi korafin cewa Bloomsbury India tana "tsayar da wajibai na bugawa da rarraba littafinta mai taken Delhi Riots 2020: The Untold Story. " Wannan korafin ya ce: 

## manazarta
Al'adun Al'adu na Islama

The Cultural Atlas of Islam wani aiki ne na masanin falsafa na Palasdinawa-Amurka Isma'il Raji al-Faruqi da Lois Lamya al-Faraqi, wanda aka buga bayan mutuwarsa a 1986. Haɗakar da rubutu mai mahimmanci tare da taswira da zane-zane, yana bincika tarihin Islama, yankuna, zane-zane da cibiyoyi a duk lokutan da yawa da kuma yankuna.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
Littafin ya gabatar da rubutu da kayan gani game da ci gaban tarihi na al'ummomin Islama, rarraba yanki, da samar da al'adu. An bayyana littafin a matsayin "bikin biki mai ban sha'awa" tare da rubutu mai mahimmanci.

## Tarihi
Littafin shine haɗin gwiwar ƙarshe tsakanin Isma'il al-Faruqi da matarsa, Lois Lamya al-Faraqi, tare da haɗa hangen nesa na falsafa tare da ƙwarewarta a fasahar Islama da kiɗa. Girman ya bayyana a cikin 1986 a matsayin haɗin gwiwa bayan mutuwa. Marubutan sun yi niyyar samar da cikakken bayani game da al'adun Islama, suna magance fannoni daban-daban na ci gaban tarihi da al'adu.

## Abinda ke ciki
An tsara Atlas na Al'adu na Islama zuwa sassa masu mahimmanci da yawa:

### Gabatarwa
Gabatarwar ta ba da bayyani game da duniyar Islama, mutanenta, da bambancin al'adu.

### Tarihin Tarihi
Wannan ɓangaren yana ba da cikakken tarihin tarihin Islama daga lokacin Annabi Muhammadu zuwa zamanin zamani.

### Yankin Yankin Yamma
Wannan bangare ya haɗa da taswira da bayanin yankunan da ake gudanar da Islama, yana nuna bambancin da ke cikin duniyar musulmi.

### Gudummawar Al'adu
A cikin wannan ɓangaren, littafin ya bincika fasahar Islama, gine-gine, adabi, kiɗa, da kimiyya, yana kwatanta nasarorin wayewar Musulmi.

## Jigogi
Babban jigogi yana mai da hankali kan hadin kai da bambancin al'adun Islama. Marubutan sun jaddada manufar Tawhid (haɗin kai na Allah) a matsayin babban jigon a cikin fasahar Musulunci da al'adun Musulunci. Sauran jigogi sun haɗa da muhimmancin ilimi, haɗin kai tsakanin yankuna daban-daban na Islama, da kuma yanayin wayewar Islama a tsawon lokaci.

## Karɓar karɓa da zargi
Littafin ya sami ra'ayoyi masu yawa, masu kyau da masu mahimmanci. Sau da yawa ana yaba da shi saboda burinsa da wadatar gani, yana kama girman wayewar Islama a duk lokacin da yanayin ƙasa. Wasu masu bita sun kuma ga shi a matsayin nuna farfadowar ilimi na Musulmi na zamani, suna lura da cewa kwatankwacin yadda ake bi da wasu addinai na iya bayyana ko jayayya. Sauran sun nuna ƙalubalen tsari da na salo, suna ambaton ƙamus mai yawa, ƙungiya mara kyau, da iyakantaccen haɗin kai tsakanin rubutu da abubuwan gani. Duk da wadannan ajiya, aikin ya ci gaba da zama sananne a matsayin babban gudummawa ga nazarin al'adun Islama, wanda aka kimanta saboda girmansa, takardun gani, da hangen nesa. 

## manazarta
Littafin Corpus Cluniacense

***Corpus Cluniacense*** ko ***Corpus Islamolatinum***,  wani lokacin ana kiransa ***Corpus Toledanum*** a matsayin kuskure,  tarin rubuce-rubucen Latin ne game da Musulunci da aka tattara a shekarar 1142–1143. A tsakiyarsa akwai fassarori daga Larabci na ayyukan Musulunci guda biyar, ciki har da Alƙur'ani .  Abbot Peter the Venable of Cluny ne ya ba da umarnin a yi aikin a lokacin tafiya zuwa Spain. Robert of Ketton ne ya jagoranci tawagar masu fassara, wanda ya fassara Alƙur'ani. Sauran masu fassara su ne Herman of Carinthia, Peter of Toledo da kuma wani Musulmi mai suna Muḥammad. Peter of Poitiers ne ya taimaka musu a fannin Latin. 

Rubutun farko da ya ƙunshi mafi yawan *Corpus* shine Paris, Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal, Lat. 1162, wanda ya samo asali daga ƙarni na 12.  Wannan rubutun kuma ya ƙunshi farkon hoton Muḥammad a yammacin Turai.  Hakanan ya ƙunshi wani taken na musamman, *Fabulae Sarracenorum* ('Tales of the Saracens'), kafin Robert na gabatarwar Ketton ga tarihin.  An yi kwafin farko na cikakken *Corpus* zuwa 1300 kuma wataƙila a matsayin martani ga Majalisar Lyon ta Biyu (1274) da kuma kiran dawo da Ƙasa Mai Tsarki bayan 1291. An yi waɗannan kwafin ne daga ainihin rubutun, wanda da alama Peter the Venerable ne ya kawo shi Ingila kuma ya bar shi a can. 

Theodor Bibliander ne ya shirya Corpus kuma Johannes Oporinus ne ya buga shi a Basel a ranar 11 ga Janairun 1543 a ƙarƙashin taken Machumetis Saracenorum principis eiusque successorum vitae ac doctrina, ipseque Alcoran . Martin Luther da Philip Melanchthon sun ba da gabatarwa. Littafin bai kasance ba tare da gardama ba, Oporinus ya kasance a kurkuku ta hukumomin Basel don yunkurinsa na farko a shekara ta 1542. An buga bugu na biyu a cikin 1550 tare da gyare-gyare bisa ga rubutun da Kadinal John na Ragusa ya kwafe a cikin 1437.
## manazarta
Farawar kulawa

***Bidayat al Hidayah*** (transl. The Beginning of Guidance; Larabci) Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Ghazālī ne ya rubuta shi a kwanakin karshe. Littafin jagora ne wanda ke kwatanta ka'idodin samun jagora ta hanyar taqwa. Littafin yana da taƙaitaccen kuma an shirya shi a matsayin shirin yau da kullun. Littafin ya ƙunshi sashe uku, waɗanda ke kan biyayya, guje wa rashin biyayya, da kuma halin abokantaka da Allah da Halitta. Yana aiki ne a matsayin gabatarwa ga manyan matani.

## Manazarta
Ɗauki ga Muhammadu da Alkur'ani

An Apology for Mohammed and the Koran littafi ne na 1869 na John Davenport wanda marubucin ya ba da labarin gamuwarsa da Islama.

## Karɓar baƙi
An fassara shi zuwa Larabci, Farisa da Urdu.[4]  Farisa ta littafin ta lashe littafin sarauta na Iran.[5]

Ali Khamenei ya yaba da littafin kuma ya ce: "Davenport ba Musulmi ba ne amma tun da yake mutum ne mai ilimi da fahimta, lokacin da yake kallon gaskiyar Alkur'ani da kuma ƙarfin ayoyin wannan littafin, ya fahimci cewa waɗannan gaskiyar ba daga iyakantaccen tunanin ɗan adam ba ne kuma saboda haka ba za a iya musanta su ba. "

## Manazarta
U. Vasuki

**U. Vasuki** ɗan siyasan Indiya ne kuma 'Yan kungiyar kwadago daga Tamil Nadu, Indiya . Ya zuwa shekara ta 2017, ta kasance memba na kwamitin tsakiya na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Indiya (Marxist) kuma Mataimakin Shugaban Ƙungiyar Mata ta Democrat ta Indiya.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Vasuki kuma ya girma a unguwar Uraiyur da ke Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu,  ga 'yan siyasar gurguzu R. Umanath da Pappa Umanath .  Mahaifinta, memba na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Indiya (Marxist) (CPI (M)), an zaɓe shi sau biyu kowannensu zuwa Lok Sabha (1962 da 1977) da kuma Majalisar Dokokin Tamil Nadu (1977 da 1980). Mahaifiyarta, wacce ta kafa ƙungiyar mata ta All India Democratic Women's Association,  an zaɓe ta a Majalisar Dokokin Tamil Nadu daga mazabar Thiruverumbur a shekarar 1989.

Bayan kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin kasuwanci, Vasuki ta shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Indiya (Marxist) (wanda aka takaita a takaice CPI(M) ko CPM) a shekarar 1977. Ta fara aikinta a matsayin ƙwararriyar ma'aikaciyar banki kuma tana da alaƙa da Bankin Canara da Bankin Union na Indiya . [1] Ta zaɓi yin ritaya da son rai daga aiki a shekarar 2000 don zama cikakken memba na CPM. [2]

Vasuki bai yi nasara ba a zaɓen babban zaɓen Indiya na 2014 daga Chennai North .   Bayan haka, a zaɓen majalisar Tamil Nadu na 2016 ta tsaya takara daga Madurai West kuma ta sha kaye. 

## Manazarta
Dola Sen

**Dola Sen** (an haife ta a ranar 26 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1967 ) 'yar siyasar Indiya ce kuma mai sana'a. Daga 2020 yanzu ita ce shugabar tsakiya ta Indian National Trinamool Trade Union Congress (INTTUC).   

Ta kammala digirinta na farko (B.Sc.) (Lissafi) daga Jami'ar Calcutta, Kolkata a shekarar 1990. Tana zaune a Rajarhat. 

Majalisar All India Trinamool Congress ta tsayar da ita a matsayin 'yar takarar kujerar Asansol Lok Sabha a babban zaɓen Indiya na 2014.   

An zaɓe ta a matsayin 'yar majalisar dokokin Indiya daga West Bengal zuwa Rajya Sabha .  

A ranar 21 ga Satumba, 2020, an dakatar da Dola Sen tare da wasu 'yan majalisa bakwai daga Rajya Sabha saboda rashin da'a a majalisar ta hanyar yaga takardu, karya makirufo, tsayawa a kan tebura da kuma yi wa Mataimakin Shugaban Rajya Sabha ba'a. Shugabanni da dama sun yi Allah wadai da ayyukansu. [1] [2]

## Manazarta
Al-Nihayah

**Al-Nihāyah** (Arabic) yana daya daga cikin manyan littattafan shari'a tsakanin Shia . Wannan littafin ya ƙunshi labarai da yawa da hukunce-hukuncen shari'a. Marubucin al-Nihayah shine Shaykh Tusi, sanannen masanin shari'a na Shi'i.

## Mawallafin
Abu Jaʿfar Muhammad b. al-Hasan b. ʿAli b. al'Hasan al-Tusi an haife shi a Tus a Iran a cikin shekara ta 996 AD/385 na zamanin Islama. Al-Shaikh al-Tusi ya girma a Tus kuma ya fara karatunsa a can. A cikin 1018 AD/408 A.H. ya bar Tus don yin karatu a Bagadaza. A can ne ya fara karatu a karkashin al-Shaikh al-Mufid, wanda ya mutu a 1022 AD/413 A.H. Jagorancin malaman Shi'a sannan ya fada ga al-Sharif al-Murtada. Wannan na ƙarshe ya kasance a cikin wannan matsayi har zuwa mutuwarsa a cikin 1045 AD/436 A.H. A wannan lokacin al-Shaikh al-Tusi yana da alaƙa da al-Sharif al-Murtada. Babban iliminsa da ilmantarwa ya sanya shi magajin al-Sharif al-Murtada a matsayin babban mai magana da yawun Islama ta Shi'a. Ya kasance mai ban sha'awa sosai har Khalifa na Abbasid, al-Qadir, ya halarci laccocinsa kuma ya nemi ya girmama shi. A cewar wasu masana, Sheykh Tusi ya kafa addinin Najaf ta hanyar shige da fice daga Baghdad. Zai iya shirya Najaf da ba a tsara shi ba a wannan lokacin. Ya kasance dalibi na Sayyed Murtada da Shaykh Mufid kuma yayi ƙoƙari ya canza magajin addini zuwa can. Ya yi ƙoƙari ya ba da horo ga ɗalibansa ta hanyar rubuta wasu littattafai kamar Amali kuma ya ƙarfafa ɗalibansa su shiga cikin shari'ar magana da fahimta.

## Littafin
Cikakken sunan littafin shine "al-Nihayah fi Mujarrid-i Fiqh wa Fatawa". Tusi ya tattara labaran shari'a na Shi'i ba tare da ambaton takardun su ba. A zahiri, an dauki al-Nihayah a matsayin taƙaitaccen littafinsa mai suna Tahdhib . A cewar Ibn Idris, salon Tusi a cikin al-Nihayah yayi kama da na Akhbaris. A wata kalma, Tusi kawai ya yi ƙoƙari ya tattara labaru game da shari'a. Babu raguwa da tunani a cikin Nihayah kuma ya ba da shi don fassara Hadith ko hadisai kawai. An ce mutane sun yi aiki bisa ga Fatwas na littafin Nihayah har ma da shekaru tamanin bayan Mutuwar Tusi. A cewar Danesh-pajooh, babu wata shakka cewa Nihayah ya rubuta bayan Tahdhib da kuma kafin Istibsar. Tusi yayi ƙoƙari ya ba da labarin ra'ayoyin shari'a bisa ga ainihin rahotanni da maganganun Imamai na shia.

## Masana da izinin ba da labari
Akwai wasu malamai waɗanda ke da haƙƙin ba da labarin littafin Nihayah . Wasu daga cikinsu sune kamar haka:

* Abu Muhammad Rehan Ibn Abdullah Habashi
* Sayyid Abu Jafar Mamatiri
* Najm Addin Taman Ibn Ahmad Shami Ameli
* Muhaqqiq Hilli
* Sayyed Mahmoud Taleqani

## Masu sharhi
Al-Nihayah yana da masu sharhi da yawa. Mafi shahararren daga cikinsu shine ɗan Tusi wanda ake kira Abu Ali Hasan Tusi . Har ila yau, Qotb Addin Ravandi ya ƙidaya a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mahimman masu sharhi na littafin saboda rubuta sharhi biyar akan shi. Sauran masu sharhi sune wasu abubuwa kamar Abi Nizam Sahreshti, Muhaqiq Hilli .

## Fassara
Abū al-Fazī 'Izzatī ne ya fassara wannan littafin zuwa Turanci da sunan Taƙaitaccen Bayani na Dokar Musulunci da Ra'ayoyin Shari'a.

## Manazarta
Asrar al-Balagha

**ʿAsrār al-Balāgha** (Arabic,  ) yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukan maganganun Larabci, wanda sanannen masanin ilimin lissafi da marubucin adabi na ƙarni na 11 ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī (d. 1078/1079) ya rubuta. Aikin yana bincika hotuna da magana ta alama, yana ba da tsarin tsari don ganowa, rarrabuwa, da kuma nazarin kwatanci da kwatanci. Ya kasance tushen tushe don nazarin kwatankwacin hotuna a cikin al'adun gargajiya da na zamani na Larabci, kuma ya zama rabin gudummawar tagwaye na al-Jurjānī ga ci gaban ʿilm al-balāgha (kimiyya ta magana). 

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
A cikin Asrār al-Balāgha, al-Jurjānī yayi bincike kan yadda ake isar da ma'anoni a cikin harshe ba kawai ta hanyar magana mai sauƙi ba har ma - sau da yawa yadda ya kamata - ta hanyar tamthīl (wakilci ko kwatanci), kwatanci, da na'urori na alama. Ya bincika yadda ƙarfin ƙwarewar harshe na wallafe-wallafen ya samo asali ne daga ikon tunani na fahimtar ma'anoni na kai tsaye, tsari wanda ke buƙatar fahimta da bincike na ilimi.

## Abun ciki
Tsakiya ga Asrār al-Balāgha shine manufar tamthīl, wanda al-Jurjānī ya bayyana a matsayin mafi mahimmancin hanyar magana ta kai tsaye (*Majāz*). Ba kamar kwatanci na al'ada ba (*istiʿāra*) wanda ke haifar da kwatance-kwatance na kai tsaye, tamthīl yana aiki ta hanyar zana kwatance-cance tsakanin yankuna daban-daban, yana gayyatar mai sauraro ya shiga cikin hankali tare da magana.

Al‐Jurjānī ya kwatanta tamthīl tare da misalai kamar *"hannun iska ta arewa,"* yana lura da cewa iska, ba tare da sassan jiki ba, ba za ta iya samun hannu ba. Maimakon haka, kwatancin yana ba shi inganci - kamar iko ko tasiri - ta hanyar canja wurin tunani.

Ya ci gaba da rarrabe tsakanin nau'ikan kwatanci guda biyu: kwatanci mai bayani, inda kwatancin yake bayyane kuma kai tsaye, da kwatanci na tamthīl, wanda ke buƙatar tunani saboda basirar dangantakar. Wannan na ƙarshe, ya yi jayayya, sau da yawa yana samar da tasirin kyawawan abubuwa saboda bayyanar gani da ingancin da yake kira baƙo (*gharāba*). Wannan rashin saba yana gayyatar zurfin shiga da jin daɗi, yayin da mai sauraro ke fahimtar jituwa tsakanin ra'ayoyin da ake gani ba su da alaƙa.

Don bayyana wannan tsari, al-Jurjānī ya samo asali ne daga misalai na waka da Kur'ani. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan hoton ya kwatanta waɗanda ke ɗauke da ilimi mai tsarki amma ba su fahimci shi da jaki da ke ɗauke leittar littattafai ba (Alkur'ani 62:5). Misali ba ya dogara da kamanceceniya ta jiki amma a kan tsalle-tsalle na fahimta da ake buƙata don fahimtar tasirin ɗabi'a, yana nuna yadda tamthīl zai iya watsa ma'anoni masu laushi tare da ƙarfin magana.

## Kyauta da Tasiri
Tasirin Asrār al-Balāgha ya kasance mai zurfi, yana tsara ka'idar wallafe-wallafen Larabci a duk lokacin da aka saba. Masana kamar Ibn Khaldūn ne suka ambaci shi, wanda ya yaba da shi a matsayin wakilin zurfin bincike na ilimi da ke cikin kimiyya na magana. Littafin ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga tushen ilimi na sukar wallafe-wallafen Larabci kuma har yanzu ana nazarin shi a yau a fannonin da suka shafi maganganu, shayari, da fassarar Alkur'ani.

## Manazarta
Al-Idah fi Ulum al-Balagha

**Al-Īḍāḥ fī ʿUlūm al-Balāgha** (Arabic) babban aiki ne na Ka'idar maganganun Larabci wanda Jalāl al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī (d. 739 AH / 1338 AZ) ya rubuta. Littafin yana aiki ne a matsayin sharhin da kuma cikakkiyar bayani game da aikinsa na baya, *Talkhīṣ al-Miftāḥ*, wanda shi kansa ya kasance taƙaitaccen sake aiki na ɓangaren maganganu na al-Sakkākī's *Miftāḥ al-ʿUlūm* .  Duk da yake an yi niyyar Talkhīṣ a matsayin koyarwa, al-Īḍāḥ yana ba da zurfin bayani, gyare-gyare, da kuma tunani mai mahimmanci game da dokoki da rukunoni na maganganun Larabci.

## Abun ciki
Marubucin ya rarrabe littafinsa ta hanyar bincike mai zurfi, bai bar wani batu ba - babba ko ƙarami - na maganganu ba tare da magance su ba. Ya gabatar da kowane fitowar a cikin cikakkun bayanai da kuma daidai, wanda ya ƙunshi duk ra'ayoyin da suka shafi shi, ko daga lokacinsa ko daga lokutan da suka gabata. Jalāl al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī ya ce a cikin gabatarwa na littafin: 

Rubutun ya haɗu da fallasa tare da sukar, yana aiki ba kawai a matsayin sharhi ba amma a matsayin gudummawa mai zaman kanta ga ka'idar maganganu. Sau da yawa ana amfani dashi tare da Talkhīṣ, yana bawa ɗalibai damar daidaita haddacewa tare da cikakken fahimta.

## Littattafai
Tun daga wannan lokacin an buga aikin a cikin bugu na zamani da yawa. Shahararren daga cikinsu shine fitowar Beirut ta 2008 ta Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī  , wanda Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Munʿim Khafājī ya shirya, da kuma fitowar kundi biyu ta Dār a-Nūr al-Mubīn (Amman, 2023).

## Manazarta
Romola Sinha

**Romola Sinha** (1913-2010) ta kasance mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata da zamantakewa daga Bengal, Calcutta, Indiya.  

An kuma san ta da suna Misis SK Sinha, bayan mijinta, Rt. Hon. Sushil Kumar Sinha, ICS, wacce ta kasance sanannen Alkali kuma Mai Tarawa kuma memba na dangin Baron Sinha na Raipur . [1] Mijinta shine ɗa na biyu ga Lord Satyendra Prasanno Sinha na Raipur, wani lauya mai fice, wanda shi kaɗai ne Gwamnan Bihar da Orissa na Indiya, kuma shi kaɗai ne ɗan Indiya da aka ɗaga zuwa Gidan Sarauta kafin samun 'yancin kai. Tana da hannu a ayyukan zamantakewa da fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata tun tana ƙarama. An san ta da fafutukar da suke yi don kawar da tsarin Devdasi, karuwanci da kuma gyara 'ya'yan karuwai. [2] [3]

Ta kasance memba ta ƙungiyar mata ta All Bengal tun 1932 tare da sauran mata masu fafutuka daga Bengal kamar Suniti Devi, Maharani na Cooch Behar, Charulata Mukherjee, Sucharu Devi, Maharani na Mayurbhanj da TR Nelly.  Bayan zartar da *Dokar Takurawa Masu Cin Zarafi ta Bengal, 1933*, ABWU ta ceci 'yan mata kuma ta fara gidan gyaran hali mai suna Cibiyar Masana'antu ta Mata ta All Bengal a Dumdum.  Romola Sinha, wacce daga baya ta zama shugabar farko ta Hukumar Kula da Jin Dadin Jama'a ta Tsakiya a West Bengal, wata cibiya da Durgabai Deshmukh ya kafa a matakin ƙasa.  Ta kuma kasance Sakatare ta farko ta Ƙungiyar Mata ta All Bengal a 1932 wanda aka kafa ƙarƙashin shugabancin Maharani Suniti Devi na Cooch Behar  kuma daga baya ta zama Shugabar ABWU tsawon shekaru da yawa.  Daga baya ta yi aiki tare da sauran mutanen zamaninta kamar Renuka Ray, Seeta Chaudhuri, Arati Sen kuma ta kasance jagora ga masu fafutukar mata na ƙarni na gaba daga Yammacin Bengal kamar Sheila Davar, Bela Sen, Manek Modi, Jaya Chaliha, Pranati Ghosal da Khorshed Narielwala.

## Manazarta
Al-Ghadir

***Al Ghadir*** (Arabic) Littafin ne mai nau'i 20 wanda masanin Shia Dan Iran Abd Al Husayn Amini ya rubuta. Binciken da ya yi ya haɗa da kayan tushe daga ɗakunan karatu a Indiya, Iraki, Pakistan, Maroko, Masar, da sauran ƙasashe.

Littafin ya bayyana kuma ya tattauna Hadith na tafkin Khumm bisa ga takardun Sunni. Amini ya tattara Labaran taron daga abokai 110 (Sahaba) da mabiyan Muhammadu 40 sannan ya bayyana labarin masu ba da labari 360 na Hadith waɗanda suka rayu tsakanin ƙarni na 2 zuwa 14 na kalandar Islama. Amini yana neman tabbatar da cewa Imam Ali (a.s) shine magajin Muhammad bisa ga takardun Sunni.

An buga littafin farko na *Al-Ghadir* a Najaf City kuma an haɓaka shi a cikin kundin 9. Masana da yawa daga kasashe daban-daban na Islama sun rubuta bayani game da Al-Ghadir.

## Fassara
Adeeb-e-asr Allamah Syed Ali Akhtar Rizvi, masanin Shī'ah goma sha biyu, mai magana, marubuci, ɗan tarihi da mawaƙi ne ya fassara Al-Ghadir na Urdu.

## Bayani game da ''al-Ghadir''
Muhammad Abdul-Ghani Hasan al-Mesri (Arabic), a cikin gabatarwarsa kan "al-Ghadir", wanda aka buga a cikin gabatarwar fitowar ta biyu ta Volume I, ya ce:

"Ina kira ga Mai Iko Dukka da ya sanya kogin ku mai tsabta (a cikin Larabci, 'Ghadir' na nufin kogin) dalilin zaman lafiya da abokantaka tsakanin 'yan uwan Shia da Sunni don yin hadin kai da juna wajen gina Ummah na Islama".

A cikin gabatarwar Volume 3, manajan editan mujallar Masar "al-Kitab" 'Adil Ghadban ya ce:

Wannan littafi ya bayyana ma'anar Shi'a. Sunnis na iya koyo daidai game da Shi'i ta hanyar wannan littafin. Amincewa da Shi'a daidai yana kawo ra'ayoyin Shia da Sunni kusa, kuma suna iya yin matsayi ɗaya. "

## Manazarta
Manufofin Masana Falsafa

Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Ghazali ne ya rubuta **Maqasid al Falasifa** (Arabic), ko kuma The Aims of the Philosophers . Ayyukan Avicenna sun rinjaye shi, ya rubuta wannan littafin yana gabatar da ka'idojin falsafar. A cikin wannan littafin, ya bayyana dalla-dalla game da abin da falsafar take kuma ya bayyana abubuwan da suka dace kamar hukunci, ra'ayi, jigon da tunani.

Ghazali ya bayyana cewa dole ne mutum ya kasance sananne sosai game da ra'ayoyin masana falsafa kafin ya fara karyata ra'ayoyinsu. Ya kuma bayyana cewa bai sami wasu rassan falsafar da suka hada da kimiyyar lissafi, dabaru, da taurari ko lissafi ba. Bayan ya rubuta *Maqasid al Falasifa*, ya rubuta wani littafi Tahāfut al-Falāsifa, yana sukar Makarantar Avicennian na falsafar Islama ta farko.

## Tasiri
Wannan littafi ya kasance mai tasiri a Turanci kuma yana Ƙarya daga cikin na farko da aka fassara daga Larabci zuwa Latin (karni na 12).  An kuma fassara wani ɓangare na littafin zuwa Ibrananci da Ingilishi. Muhammad Hanif Nadvi ya fassara shi zuwa Urdu kuma ana kiransa "Qadim Unani Falsafa" (Falsafar Girkanci ta Dā). 

## Manazarta
Sudha Roy

**Sudha Roy** (1914-1987) ya kasance dan kwaminisanci ne kuma ɗan siyasa. Ta kasance fitacciyar jagora ta Jam'iyyar Labour ta Bengal, Jam'iyyar Bolshevik ta Indiya kuma daga baya ta shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Indiya .  Ta kasance daya daga cikin fitattun shugabannin mata na hagu na Bengali.

## Matasa
An haifi Roy a shekarar 1914 a cikin dangin masu gidaje na Kayastha a Faridpur .  Ta shiga ƙungiyar kwadago a shekarun 1930, bayan ɗan'uwanta Sisir Roy ya gabatar da ita ga siyasar kwadago a lokacin da take ɗalibi.     Tare da ɗan'uwanta, ta zama babbar shugabar jam'iyyar Labour ta Bengal lokacin da aka kafa ta a 1933. 

## Jam'iyyar Bolshevik ta shiga CPI
Jam'iyyar Bolshevik ta shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis a farkon shekarar 1936, kuma Sudha Roy ita ma ta shiga CPI. Wataƙila ita ce mace ta biyu da ta shiga CPI ba bisa ƙa'ida ba a Bengal. Na farko ita ce Latika Sen. Latika ta zama shahidi a lokacin da 'yan sanda suka harbe ta a ranar 27 ga Afrilu, 1949.

Jam'iyyar Bolshevik ta sake kafawa kuma ta sake zama jam'iyya. Wannan ya faru ne a shekarar 1939 a Majalisar Tripuri kan batun Subhash Bose. Shugabannin Jam'iyyar Bolshevik kamar Niharendu Dutt, Bishwanath Dubey, Sisir Roy da sauransu sun ji cewa CPI ya kamata ta goyi bayan Bose a kafa Front Bloc. Sun kuma ji cewa CPI tana bin manufar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin aji da sunan haɗin kan ƙasa. Sudha Roy ta kuma halarci Majalisar Tripuri a matsayin wakilin Kwaminisanci kuma ta halarci muhimman tarukan CPI. Ita ma ta bar CPI tare da wasu don shiga Jam'iyyar Bolshevik.

A shekarar 1941, ta bar aikinta na ɗan lokaci don yin aiki a BLP.

## Mai shirya aiki
Ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar lissafi a Makarantar 'Yan Mata ta Kamala da ke kudancin Calcutta tsakanin 1932 da 1958.    A lokacin, ta kasance shugabar ƙungiyar kwadago.  Roy, wanda ma'aikatan tashar jiragen ruwa ke yi wa lakabi da *Bahinji* ('Yar'uwa mai daraja'), yakan wuce tashar jiragen ruwa ta Kidderpore kowace rana da rana don ayyukan ƙungiyar.   

## Ƙungiyar mata
Roy ya shiga ƙungiyar mata a shekarar 1943, inda ya kasance mai himma a taron mata na All India .   Roy ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugabar ƙungiyar mata ta Indiya tsakanin 1954 da 1982.   

## Manazarta
Helen Chenevix

**Helen Sophia Chenevix** (13 ga Nuwamba 1886 - 4 ga Maris 1963) 'yar asalin ƙasar Ireland ce kuma mai haɗin gwiwar kwadago. A shekara ta 1911, ta yi aiki tare da Louie Bennett don kafa Ƙungiyar Mata ta Irish . Daga baya su biyu sun kafa Kungiyar Ma'aikatan Mata ta Irish.

An kuma zaɓe Chenevix a matsayin memba na Dublin Corporation, kuma sau biyu tana aiki a matsayin mukaddashin Magajin Garin Dublin a shekarun 1942 da 1950. A shekarar 1951, ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Majalisar Ƙungiyar 'Yan Kasuwa ta Ireland, kuma daga 1955 zuwa 1957 ta kasance Sakatare na Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Mata. Ta kuma kasance mai himma a Ƙungiyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa don Zaman Lafiya da 'Yanci da kuma Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Irish.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Helen Sophia Chenevix a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba, 1886 a Blackrock, County Dublin, kuma 'yar Henry Chenevix ce,   Bishop a Cocin Ireland  kuma wataƙila zuriyar masanin kimiyyar sinadarai na Ireland Richard Chenevix ce .    Mahaifiyarta ita ce Charlotte Sophia, wacce aka haifa a Ormsby.

Chenevix ta halarci Kwalejin Alexandra da ke Milltown a Dublin,  inda abokiyar karawarta Louie Bennett ta sami iliminta shekaru ashirin da suka gabata. Daga baya Chenevix ta ci gaba da karatunta a Kwalejin Trinity inda ta kasance cikin rukunin mata na farko da suka kammala karatunsu suka kuma sami digiri na BA a 1909.  Chenevix ta fara sha'awar kuma ta nutse cikin ƙungiyar 'yan takara kuma ta kasance babbar mamba a cikin Ƙungiyar 'Yan Mata ta Irish . Chenevix ta jagoranci zanga-zanga da muhawara da yawa kan batun 'yancin mata, tare da haɗin gwiwa akai-akai tare da abokin karawarta Bennett mai ra'ayin 'yan takara, wanda ta yi haɗin gwiwa da shi a yawancin ayyukan siyasa. Daga 1911, gurguzu da ra'ayin mata sun kasance ƙungiyoyi masu tasowa, kuma yawancin masu ra'ayin 'yan mata suna da ra'ayin siyasa na gurguzu.  Wannan ya haifar da goyon bayan ƙungiyoyin 'yan takara a lokacin shekarun 1910 da kuma ƙaruwar goyon baya ga Chenevix da Ƙungiyar 'Yan Mata ta Irish .

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Chenevix ita ce kaɗai 'ya ga iyayenta, Henry da Sophia.  Iyali ne masu jin daɗi a Kudancin Dublin  waɗanda ba su da matsalar kuɗi domin mahaifinta shine Bishop na Cocin Ireland .  Har yanzu tana zaune tare da iyayenta a gidan iyali da ke Dublin lokacin da ta kafa Ƙungiyar Mata ta Irish Suffrage tare da Bennett.

Chenevix da Bennett abokai ne na dindindin, wanda hakan ya haifar da hasashen cewa ma'auratan suna da alaƙa da soyayya. [1] Yanzu ana ɗauka cewa ma'aurata ne. An ce ma'auratan wani ɓangare ne na wata ƙungiya mai tasiri ta 'yan madigo da ke zaune a Dublin. [2] Bennett ta koma gidan kusa da Chenevix, kuma sun zauna tare na tsawon lokaci tare da Chenevix tana kula da Bennett kafin ta mutu sakamakon rashin lafiya a 1956. [1] A cikin littafin Pax et Libertas, Chenevix ya rubuta cewa Bennett ita ce "mace mafi kyau da aka ƙaunata a Dublin" kuma "Peace and Freedom sun kasance a nan a matsayin manufa ta biyu". [3]

Chenevix ya mutu a ranar 4 ga Maris 1963. 

## Sana'a

## Manazarta
Mai Clifford

Mary "Mai" Clifford (25 Satumba 1913 - 11 Maris 1986) ta kasance Yan kungiyar kwadago ta Irish kuma mai wanki, kuma mace ta farko da ta zama shugabar Majalisar Kwadago ta Dublin . 

## Rayuwar farko da iyali
An haifi Mai Clifford a Phoenix Park, Glasgow, Scotland a ranar 25 ga Satumba, 1913. Ita ce babbar 'ya'ya ga wani maƙeri daga County Kerry, Joseph Hollingsworth, da matarsa Elizabeth, 'yar asalin Glasgow. Iyalan Clifford sun ƙaura zuwa Dublin a shekarar 1915, da farko suna zaune a Leinster Square, Rathmines daga baya kuma daga baya Mill Forge, Templeogue . Dukansu iyayen Clifford ne inda magoya bayan shugaban ƙungiyar kwadago James Larkin . Clifford sun halarci gidan sufi na St. Joseph, Terenure, inda suka ci gaba da aiki a Terenure Laundry yana da shekaru 15. [1]

A shekarar 1936 ta auri wani ma'aikacin gini, Daniel Clifford (ya mutu a shekarar 1963). Daniel ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a League of Ireland a ƙarshen shekarun 1930. Ma'auratan sun haifi 'ya'ya maza biyu. Sun zauna tare da iyalansa a Crumlin, da farko a 1 Windmill Lane, sannan kuma a 14 Monasterboice Road daga shekarun 1940, inda Clifford ta zauna har tsawon rayuwarta. Ta mutu a Asibitin Royal City of Dublin, Titin Baggot a ranar 11 ga Maris 1986, kuma an binne ta a makabartar Templeogue. 

## Sana'a
Ta shiga Kungiyar Ma'aikatan Mata ta Irish (IWWU) bayan kwana biyu na farawa a wurin wanki, kuma daga baya aka zabe ta a matsayin mai kula da shagon. A matsayinta na 'yar kungiyar kwadago, ta ba da fifiko ga ingancin aiki da rayuwar jama'a, da kiwon lafiya da aminci. Ta jagoranci 'yan uwanta daga aiki a 1945 a matsayin wani ɓangare na yajin aiki na ma'aikatan IWWU 1,500 a cikin kamfen na hutun shekara-shekara na mako na biyu ga ma'aikata a cikin wanki na kasuwanci. A lokacin dakatarwar makonni goma sha huɗu, Clifford ta goyi bayan mijinta marar aikin yi da 'ya'yansu biyu a kan biyan bashin yajin aiki na shillings 5 a kowane mako. A ƙarshe, masu wanki sun sami nasarar da suke yi daga Tarayyar Ma'aikata, ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta farko a Ireland da ta yi hakan. Lokacin da Terenure Laundry ta rufe, Clifford ta fara aiki a Otal din Shelbourne, sannan kuma Asibitin St Luke, Rathgar daga 1957, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula a cikin dakin lilin har sai da ta yi ritaya a 1983. 

## Manazarta
Maura Breslin

**Maura Breslin** (29 Disamba 1914 - 10 Fabrairu 1984) yar yar yar jinya ce ta Irish, mai fafutukar mata kuma mai fafutuka.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Maura Breslin a ranar 29 ga Disamba, 1914 a wani gidan aiki a Dublin, 'yar Maggie Breslin ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. Ta fara aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a Asibitin St. Brendan, Dublin, inda ta fara fafutukar kare haƙƙinta a cikin ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago ta hanyar shiga Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Mata ta Irish (IWWU). Ta zauna a matsayin wakiliyar IWWU zuwa Majalisar Ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago ta Dublin . An zaɓe ta a matsayin shugabar ƙungiyar a 1958. A watan Janairun 1969, an naɗa ta mataimakiyar babban sakatare na ƙungiyar, daga baya ta zama sakatare janar a 1971, [1] ta maye gurbin Kay McDowell . [2]

A tsawon rayuwarta, Breslin ta yi fafutukar neman daidaito tsakanin mata a wuraren aiki da kuma a cikin ƙungiyar ƙwadago a Ireland. Ta zauna a matsayin memba na kwamitin ba da shawara ga mata na Majalisar Dokokin Ƙungiyar ƙwadago ta Ireland (ICTU). A shekarar 1973, an zaɓe ta a matsayin shugabar ICTU, mace ta farko da aka zaɓa tun bayan kafa ICTU a 1959. Breslin ta kasance memba mai himma a yakin neman zaɓen "daidaitaccen albashi don daidaiton aiki" a lokacin shekarun 1960 da 1970, batun da ba a warware shi ba har sai da kotun Turai ta yanke hukunci. A watan Maris na 1972, ta yi wa hukumar jawabi kan matsayin mata kan batutuwan daidaito a horo, ɗaukar ma'aikata da haɓaka mata. Ta fi mai da hankali kan rashin damar da matasa mata za su iya shiga aikin koyon sana'o'i. A cikin shekarun 1970, Breslin ta ci gaba da yin kamfen a madadin waɗanda ke da ƙarancin albashi, tana mai da hankali kan manyan ma'aikata na kamfanoni kamar cibiyar kwamfuta ta Bankin Ireland. 

An tilasta wa Breslin yin ritaya a shekarar 1980 bayan shekaru 3 na rashin lafiya. Ta yi nasarar tsayawa takarar kujerar sanata a kwamitin kwadago a shekarar 1981. Ta rasu a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, 1984. 

## Manazarta