Jam'iyyar Mata ta Kasa

**Jam'iyyar Mata ta Kasa** ( **NWP** ) ƙungiya ce ta siyasa ta mata ta Amurka wacce aka kafa a 1916 don yaƙin neman zaɓen mata . Bayan cimma wannan buri tare da amincewar 1920 na gyare-gyare na goma sha tara ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka, NWP ta ba da shawarar wasu batutuwa ciki har da Daidaita Hakkokin . Mafi shaharar shugabar Jam'iyyar Mata ta Kasa ita ce Alice Paul, kuma abin da ya fi shahara shi ne bikin 1917-1919 Silent Sentinels a wajen kofar Fadar White House.

A ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2021, NWP ta daina aiki a matsayin ƙungiya mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta kuma ta sanya haƙƙoƙin alamar kasuwanci da sauran amfani da sunan jam'iyyar ga ƙungiyoyin sa-kai na ilimi, Cibiyar Alice Paul.  Cibiyar Alice Paul ta gayyaci mambobi uku na NWP Board of Directors don shiga cikin hukumar su kuma a nan gaba za su kirkiro wani sabon kwamiti don "shawarwari kan yiwuwar fadada shirye-shirye zuwa yankin Washington, DC da kuma kasa". Takardu da kayan tarihi na NWP, an ba su gudummawa ga Library of Congress da kuma National Park Service don sa su samuwa ga jama'a.

## Dubawa
Jam'iyyar Mata ta Kasa ta kasance fice daga Ƙungiyar Majalissar Wakilai don Suffrage na Mata, wadda Alice Paul da Lucy Burns suka kafa a 1913 don yin yaki don zaben mata . Jam'iyyar Mata ta Kasa ta balle daga babbar kungiyar 'yan takarar mata ta Amurka, wacce ta mayar da hankali kan yunkurin samun kuri'ar mata a matakin jiha. NWP ta ba da fifiko wajen amincewa da gyaran kundin tsarin mulki da ke tabbatar da zaɓen mata a duk faɗin Amurka.

## Tarihin farko
Alice Paul yana da alaƙa ta kut-da-kut da Ƙungiyar Siyasa ta Mata ta Ingila (WSPU), wanda Emmeline Pankhurst ta shirya. Yayin da yake dalibi a kwaleji a Ingila, Bulus ya shiga cikin Pankhursts da yakin neman zaben Ingilishi. A wannan lokacin Alice Paul ya sadu da Lucy Burns, wanda zai ci gaba da zama co-kafa NWP. Ko da yake Bulus yana da alaƙa da yaƙin neman zaɓe na tsageru a Ingila, sa’ad da ta fita don neman zaɓe a Amurka, maimakon haka Paul ya soma tawaye na farar hula a Amurka. Misali, ‘yan WSPU sun yi wa ‘yan majalisa kaca-kaca, sun tofa albarkacin bakinsu kan jami’an ‘yan sanda, kuma sun yi ta kone-kone. 

Paul da Burns sun ji cewa wannan gyare-gyaren wani rugujewa ne mai kisa daga manufa ta gaskiya kuma ta zama dole na wani gyare-gyaren tarayya mai cike da duk wani abu da ke kare haƙƙin dukan mata-musamman kamar yadda aka tsinkayi zagaye na zaɓen raba gardama na jihohi a lokacin da kusan lalata dalilin. A cikin kalmomin Bulus: "Yana da ɗan wuya a bi da tare da tsanani wani equivocating, evasive, yara maye gurbin mai sauki da kuma mutunci zabe gyara yanzu a gaban Congress."
Fayil:Alice_Paul_155017u_original.jpg|alt=Portrait of Alice Paul, 1915| Hoton Alice Paul, 1915
Fayil:Lucy_Burns_1913.jpg|alt=Lucy Burns, Vice Chairman Congressional Union, 1913| Lucy Burns, Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar Wakilai, 1913
Fayil:Inez_Milholland_LCCN2014696605.tif|alt=Inez Milholland| Ina Milholland
Fayil:Mabel_Vernon,_c._1917,_by_Edmonston,_Washington,_D.C..jpg| Mabel Vernon
Fayil:Mary-Margaret-Bartelme-Bain.jpeg|alt=Judge Mary Bartelme, NWP vice chair, 1916-1917| Alkali Mary Bartelme, NWP mataimakin shugaba, 1916-1917 
Fayil:Mrs._Nina_E._Allender_LOC_14496582416.jpg|alt=Nina Allender, political cartoonist for The Suffragist| Nina Allender, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta siyasa don *[[The Suffragist (Jarida)|The Suffragist]]*
Fayil:Doris_Stevens_LOC_14325962963.jpg|alt=Doris Stevens, author of Jailed for Freedom| Doris Stevens, marubucin *Jailed for Freedom*
Fayil:National_Womens_Party.jpg|alt=Reception tea at the NWP for Alice Brady| liyafar shayi a NWP don Alice Brady


## Adawa ga Wilson

Matan da ke da alaƙa da jam'iyyar sun gudanar da wani faretin faretin zaɓe mai ban sha'awa a ranar 3 ga Maris, 1913, kwana ɗaya kafin bikin rantsar da Wilson. 

A yayin taron farko na kungiyar, Paul ya bayyana cewa jam’iyyar ba za ta kasance jam’iyyar siyasa ta gargajiya ba, don haka ba za ta amince da dan takarar shugaban kasa a lokacin zabe ba. Yayin da ba jam'iyya ba, NWP ta jagoranci mafi yawan hankalinta ga Shugaba Woodrow Wilson da 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat, suna sukar su a matsayin alhakin rashin zartar da gyaran kundin tsarin mulki. A sakamakon haka, a cikin 1918, Paul ya gudanar da yakin neman zabe wanda ya kaurace wa 'yan Democrat saboda kin goyon bayan zaben mata. Sun yanke shawarar kauracewa jam'iyyar baki daya, ciki har da 'yan Democrat masu goyon bayan zaben.  A ƙarshe, ƙauracewa 'yan Democrat da NWP ke jagoranta ya haifar da rinjaye na Republican a cikin gidan.  Jam'iyyar Mata ta Kasa ta ci gaba da mai da hankali kan zabe a matsayin babban dalilinsu. Ya ƙi ko dai ya goyi baya ko kai hari ga shigar Amurka a yakin duniya, yayin da abokin hamayyar NAWSA, karkashin Carrie Chapman Catt ya ba da cikakken goyon baya ga kokarin yakin. Sakamakon haka, ƙungiyar masu fafutuka daban-daban irin su masu fafutuka da masu ra'ayin gurguzu sun ja hankalin NWP saboda adawa da shugaba mai adawa da zaɓe.

## Zabar Fadar White House

Rikicin da ke ci gaba da karuwa a Turai bai hana Alice Paul da NWP daga nuna rashin amincewa da matsayin Wilson na munafunci a kan yakin ba. Wilson ya inganta ra'ayin wanzar da dimokuradiyya a kasashen waje, duk da cewa har yanzu Amurka ta hana rabin 'yan kasarta 'yancin kada kuri'a. An yi la'akari da zabin NWP a matsayin masu rikici saboda sun ci gaba a lokacin yakin da sauran kungiyoyi masu rinjaye kamar NAWSA suka zaɓi don tallafawa kokarin yaki. Wanda aka fi sani da " Silent Sentinels ", aikin nasu ya ci gaba daga ranar 10 ga Janairu, 1917 har zuwa Yuni 1919. An amince da masu zaɓen da farko, amma lokacin da suka ci gaba da cin zarafi bayan da Amurka ta ayyana yaƙi a 1917, 'yan sanda sun kama su don hana zirga-zirga. Ko da kuwa yanayin, matan sun tsaya a wajen fadar White House suna rike da tutoci, kullum suna tunatar da Wilson game da munafuncinsa. Lokacin da aka fara kama su, Lucy Burns ta yi iƙirarin cewa su fursunonin siyasa ne amma an ɗauke su a matsayin fursunoni na yau da kullun.&nbsp;A matsayin girmamawa ga sadaukarwar da suka yi na zaɓe, sun ƙi biyan tara&nbsp;kuma ya karɓi lokacin kurkuku.

#### Shugaban Kwamitin Kasa na Kasa, 1920
Florence Bayard Hilles a matsayin shugabar kwamitin kasa da Miss Mary Ingham a matsayin sakatariya.

## Manazarta