Salah Zulfikar

**Salah El-Din Ahmed Mourad Zulfikar** ( Arabic   , ; 18 Janairu 1926 - 22 Disamba 1993) ɗan wasan Masar ne kuma mai shirya fina-finai.   Ya fara aikinsa a matsayin ɗan sanda, kafin ya zama ɗan wasa a 1956. Ana yi masa kallon daya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a tarihin masana'antar fina-finan Masar, wanda ya yi fice a cikin fina-finai sama da dari a cikin nau'o'in suna da la'akari da shi a lokacin aikinsa na shekaru 37, galibi a matsayin babban jarumi .   A ƙarshen aikinsa, ya sami babban nasara a ayyukan talabijin.

An haife shi a cikin dangi mai daraja, Zulfikar ya kammala karatu daga Kwalejin 'yan sanda ta Masar a 1946. Ya kasance daya daga cikin jaruman Masar a yakin da ta yi da mamayewa yayin da yake aiki a cikin 'yan sanda. Ɗansa, ɗan kasuwa Ahmed Zulfikar, ya ambaci a cikin wata hira da manema labarai ta 1994 cewa mahaifinsa ya shiga cikin yakin basasa a Ismailiya da Sojojin Burtaniya a 1944, kuma ya bayyana kishin ƙasa kamar yadda "ba tare da iyaka ba". Bayan haka, Zulfikar ya ba da kansa a Yaƙin Ismailia na 1952, kuma a yakin Suez na 1956. An ba shi lambar yabo ta aikin soja (aji na farko) daga Shugaban Masar Gamal Abdel Nasser, don nuna godiya ga kokarin da ya yi na hidimar kasarsa.

A shekara ta 1955, ya fara aikinsa a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na ɗan lokaci tare da izini na wucin gadi daga Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida don yin aiki a fim dinsa na farko; Wakeful Eyes da aka fitar a shekara ta 1956. Daga baya, ya ci gaba da zama ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na cikakken lokaci a ƙarshen 1957. Ya kafa kamfanin samar da fina-finai na farko tare da babban ɗan'uwansa Ezz El-Dine Zulficar a shekarar 1958. Ya gudanar da sabon kasuwancinsa a karkashin sunan kasuwanci na Ezz El-Dine Zulficar Films . A shekara ta 1962, ya kafa Kamfanin Fim na Salah Zulfikar kuma ya yi aiki a Misira da Duniyar Larabawa kusan kusan shekaru 16. Ta hanyar kamfanonin samar da fina-finai guda biyu na Zulfikar, wanda ya gudanar a cikin shekaru 20 da ya yi a matsayin mai shirya fina-fakkaatu, ya lashe kyaututtuka da yawa, tare da yawancin fina-fukkukansa sun zama nasarorin ofishin akwatin. Ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan mutane a fina-finai na Masar. Duk da fara aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, ya kuma yi aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo a duk lokacin da yake aiki, yana taka rawar wasan kwaikwayo. Zulfikar yana daya daga cikin shahararrun masu fasaha a Misira da Duniyar Larabawa. Gudummawar da ya bayar ga fina-finai, talabijin, gidan wasan kwaikwayo da rediyo a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da mai shirya fina-fakkaatu ya ba shi suna a duniya wanda ya sanya shi ɗaya daga cikin manyan mutanen Gabas ta Tsakiya da Larabawa a ƙarni na 20. A shekara ta 1996, a cikin cika shekaru dari na fina-finai na Masar, goma daga cikin fina-fakka na shi a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo kuma biyar daga cikin fina'finai na shi a matsayinsa na furodusa an jera su a cikin fina-fukki na Masar na ƙarni na 20.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Salah El-Din Ahmed Mourad Zulfikar a ranar 18 ga Janairu, 1926, a El Mahalla El Kubra, Gharbia, ga dangin aristocratic na shahararren matsayi a Misira. Mahaifinsa Ahmed Mourad Bey Zulfikar (1888-1945), babban kwamishinan 'yan sanda ne a Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida, kuma Nabila Hanem Zulfikara, uwar gida ce. Zulfikar ita ce ta bakwai cikin 'yan uwa takwas. Mahaifinsa yana da tasiri mai ban mamaki ga 'ya'yansa maza dangane da sadaukarwa, aminci, mutunci da dogaro da kai. Tarihin soja bai iyakance sha'awar Iyalinsa ga al'adu, zane-zane da rayuwar siyasa ta Masar gabaɗaya ba. Babban ɗan'uwansa, Mohamed, likita ne kuma ɗan kasuwa, 'yan'uwa mata biyu sune Soad da Fekreya. Wani ɗan'uwa shi ne Mahmoud, mai yin fim kuma babban mutum a masana'antar fina-finai ta Masar, ya kammala karatu a matsayin masanin gine-gine. Ɗan'uwansa Ezz El-Dine shi ma fitaccen mai shirya fina-finai ne kuma ya kammala karatu a matsayin jami'in soja, Kamal jami'in soji ne. Yayansa Mamdouh ɗan kasuwa ne.

Zulfikar ya yi fice a karatunsa kuma ya kasance ɗan wasa. Ya kasance daya daga cikin zakarun Masar a wasan dambe kuma ya lashe Kofin Sarki a cikin nauyin gashin tsuntsaye a shekarar 1947. Baya ga dambe, ya buga harbi kuma ya kasance dan wasa mai aiki a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Kwalejin 'yan sanda. Da farko ya shiga Faculty of Medicine, Jami'ar Alexandria, don faranta wa mahaifinsa rai, wanda yake so Zulfikar ya zama likita kamar kakansa. Bayan mahaifinsa ya yi rashin lafiya, sai ya sauya shigarsa zuwa Kwalejin 'yan sanda don ya zauna a Alkahira kusa da mahaifinsa. Ya kammala karatu a shekara ta 1946. An nada Salah Zulfikar a cikin Daraktan Tsaro na Menoufia da Hukumar Kula da Kurkuku, musamman Kurkukun Masar, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin malami a Kwalejin 'Yan Sanda.

## Ayyukan 'yan sanda
Yayinda yake karatu a Kwalejin 'yan sanda, Zulfikar ya shiga cikin yakin basasa na Ismailia da sojojin Burtaniya a 1944. Zulfikar ya kammala karatu a shekara ta 1947, nan da nan aka sanya shi a cikin rundunar 'yan sanda ta Gwamnatin Monufia. Bayan shekara guda an sanya shi a kurkuku na Alkahira wanda ke da alhakin fursunoni ciki har da Anwar Sadat (Shugaban Masar a 1970) a 1947. 

A shekara ta 1949, Zulfikar ya fara koyarwa kuma ya zama farfesa a Kwalejin 'yan sanda. Ya kasance mai kula da rukunin sabbin dalibai. Yana da faɗar cewa "ƙungiyar sabbin ɗalibai masana'anta ce ta namiji". Ya kasance ƙwararren jami'in da aka sani da ƙwarewarsa da ƙa'idodin ɗabi'a.

A shekara ta 1952 ya ba da kansa don shiga sashin 'yan sanda a Ismailiya wanda Sojojin Burtaniya ke kai masa hari. Sojojin Masar sun ki mika makaman su ga sojojin Burtaniya, wanda ya jagoranci sojojin Burtaniya su kawo tankuna don kama ginin. Daga baya aka tuna da yaƙin Ismailia kuma yanzu ana yin bikin ne a Masar a ranar 25 ga Janairu na kowace shekara a matsayin Ranar 'yan sanda ta kasa. Zulfikar ya sami lambar yabo ta girmamawa ta kasa saboda jaruntakarsa.

A cikin yakin Suez na 1956, Zulfikar ya ɗauki matakin jagorantar ɗalibansa 19 a Kwalejin 'yan sanda kuma ya ba da kansa a matsayin kwamandoji da ke tsayayya da hari na uku da sojojin Burtaniya, Faransa da Isra'ila suka yi. Zulfikar ya kuma sami lambar yabo ta aikin soja (Klass na farko) daga Shugaba Gamal Abdel Nasser don yin barazana ga rayuwarsa ga kasarsa da jaruntaka da girmamawa.

## Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo

### Ayyukan farko da rawar farko
Yan uwan Zulfikar Ezz El-Dine Zulfikir da Mahmoud Zulfikar sun kasance daraktocin fina-finai. A lokacin hutu ya saba halartar yin fim. A shekara ta 1955, ɗan'uwansa, Ezz El-Dine, ya yi ƙoƙari ya shawo kan Zulfikar ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo amma ya ki saboda ya yi tunanin ba zai yiwu ba saboda yanayin aikinsa a matsayin jami'in 'yan sanda. A ƙarshe a ƙarƙashin juriya ta Ezz El-Dine, ya yarda kuma an ba shi izini na wucin gadi daga Ministan cikin gida, wanda Zakaria Mohieddin ke jagoranta a lokacin don ɗaukar matsayi na farko a cikin Wakeful Eyes, wanda aka saki a 1956. Matsayinsa na biyu shi ne Hussein Abdel Wahed a cikin Return My Heart (1957), Zulfikar na halitta ne kuma aikinsa ya sami sha'awar jama'a. A shekara ta gaba, Youssef Chahine ya jefa shi don Jamila, Aljeriya (1958). Zulfikar ya yi aiki a fina-finai biyu tare da izini na wucin gadi. Bayan nasararsa, dole ne ya zaɓi hanyar aikinsa. Ya nemi ministan ya yi murabus amma a maimakon haka an kara shi zuwa Lieutenant Colonel kuma an ba shi fansho da wuri saboda rikodin sa mai ban sha'awa.

### Shekaru na 1950: ci gaba
Fim dinsa na biyu bayan Wakeful Eyes shine Ezz El-Dine Zulficar's Return My Heart (1957), shi ne nasararsa ta farko ta yanki, fim din yana ba da labarin Juyin juya halin Masar na 1952 kuma ya zama bikin shekara-shekara a gidan talabijin na Masar a kowace shekara a ranar 23 ga Yuli. A shekara ta 1958, Youssef Chahine ya zaba shi ya raba jagorancin tare da Magda da Ahmed Mazhar a Jamila, Aljeriya, inda ya taka rawar Azzam . Fim din ya nuna gwagwarmayar mutanen Aljeriya da mamayar Faransa a lokacin Yaƙin Aljeriya .

A shekara ta 1959, Zulfikar ya fito a fina-finai shida ciki har da Ezz El-Dine Zulficar's The Second Man, kuma ya sami yabo daga masu sukar Alkahira. Ya biyo bayan Hassan El Imam's Love and Adoration tare da Taheyya Kariokka . Ayyukan Zulfikar sun sami kyakkyawan bita. Matsayin Zulfikar na gaba ya kasance a cikin Light of the Night tare da Mariam Fakhr Eddine . Ya taka rawar gani a cikin Forbidden Women (1959), wani ofishin akwatin da aka buga tare da Huda Sultan . Ya nuna rawar Ahmed, dan wasa, kuma fim din ya cika da al'amuran soyayya, yana nuna damar Zulfikar a cikin fim din soyayya. A cikin fim din da ya biyo baya, ya yi aiki tare da Faten Hamama da Emad Hamdy a farkon aikinsa; Daga cikin Ruins, soyayya ce ta gargajiya da ke samun nasara mai mahimmanci da kuma kudi. Nasarar kasuwanci ta fim daya bayan wani ya sanya shi tauraron da za a iya tallafawa.

### Shekaru na 1960: sananne
Zaɓin Zulfikar na matsayi daban-daban ya kara shahararsa a Misira da Gabas ta Tsakiya. A shekara ta 1960, ya fito a cikin Hassan El-Imam's I accuse, wani labari mai ban tsoro tare da Zulfikar tare da Zubaida Tharwat da Emad Hamdy, ya nuna rawar Salah ɗan jarida. Ya fito a cikin Niazi Mostafa's A Scrap of Bread (1960) yana yin lambobi masu kyau a cikin akwatin-ofishin duk da tsinkayen manema labarai kafin a saki fim din.

An haɗa shi da Soad Hosny a karo na farko a cikin Hassan El Imam's Money and Women (1960), fim din ya kasance nasarar kasuwanci wanda daga baya ya ƙarfafa taurarin fim ɗin biyu su yi fim fiye da fim ɗaya tare. Fim dinsa na gaba shi ne *The* Sacred Bond (1960) tare da Sabah da Emad Hamdy wanda ya ba shi karbuwa mai mahimmanci daga masu sukar Alkahira saboda rawar da ya taka a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma furodusa. A shekara ta 1961, Zulfikar ta fito a fina-finai shida, wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya; Wannan shine Abin da Ƙauna yake tare da Sabah babban nasarar akwatin. Mahmoud Zulfikar's Rendezvous with the Past tare da Mariam Fakhr Eddine wani labari ne mai ban sha'awa wanda ke yin lambobi masu kyau a cikin akwatin. Wani soyayya shi ne A Storm of Love (1961) tare da Nahed Sherif a matsayinta na farko, kuma fim din ya kasance gazawar kasuwanci. Ya taka rawar sa ta farko a cikin aikinsa, ya fito a cikin kasuwancin da aka buga *[[Ana wa Banati|Ni da 'ya'yana mata]]* (1961) tare da jagorancin tsohon dan wasan Zaki Rostom wanda Nahed Sherif da Fayza Ahmed suka goyi bayan, kuma fim din ya yi nasara. Shekaru masu zuwa, Zulfikar ya sami nasara a duk Gabas ta Tsakiya ta hanyar nau'ikan fina-finai da yawa. Ya raba jagorancin tare da Mariam Fakhr Eddine a fim mai ban tsoro The Cursed Palace (1962), wani akwatin-ofishin da aka buga. Matsayinsa na gaba shi ne Mahmoud, yana jagorantar The Comic Society for Killing Wives (1962), wasan kwaikwayo tare da goyon baya ciki har da Zahret El-Ola, Hussein Riad, Marie Mounib, Zeinat Sedki, da sauransu. Fim din ya sami matsakaiciyar lambobi a cikin akwatin-ofishin. An haɗa shi da Soad Hosny a karo na biyu a cikin Ezz El-Dine Zulficar's A Date at the Tower (1962), fim din ya kasance babban ofishin akwatin. A cikin 1963, an yaba da rawar da ya taka a matsayin Issa El Awam a cikin Saladin the Victorious na Youssef Shahine . A wannan shekarar, ya buga Doctor Hamooda a Mahmoud Zulfikar's Soft hands (1963) tare da aikinsa wanda ya ba shi lambar yabo ta jihar don mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin rawar da ya taka. Fim din ya kasance mai halarta a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Berlin na 14 a shekarar 1964. Zulfikar ya fito a cikin A Husband on Vacation, wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya inda ya taka rawar Essam Nour Eddine wanda ya gaji da rayuwar aurensa. Fim din ya kasance mai cinikayya kuma ya ba da jagorancin mata Laila Taher rawar da ta fara takawa.

A cikin fina-finai na Italiya, ya taka rawar jami'in 'yan sanda na Masar a Fim din Italiya; *Asirin Sphinx* (1964) wanda Duccio Tessari ya jagoranta. Bayan fitowar fim din, Tessari ya nemi Zulfikar ya zauna a Italiya don samun damar da ta fi dacewa a fina-finai na Italiya amma ya ki kuma ya fi son zama a Misira. A kan mataki, Zulfikar ta farko ita ce 1964 ta A Bullet in the Heart tare da Laila Taher, ya dogara ne akan littafin Tawfiq al-Hakim a ƙarƙashin wannan sunan. An nuna wasan na tsawon shekara a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Alkahira. Wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya; *[[Aghla Min Hayati]]* (1965) ya ci nasara kuma ana ɗaukar aikinsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma na Zulfikar. Ya ba shi lambar yabo ta jihar don mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin rawar da ya taka. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, fim din ya zama classic na soyayya kuma manyan haruffa biyu na Ahmed da Mona sun zama alama ce ta ƙauna da ƙauna tsakanin Masarawa. Fatin Abdel Wahab ta romantic comedy trilogy by; My Wife, the Director General (1966).  Ya biyo bayan My Wife's Dignity (1967), wanda ya ba shi lambar yabo ta jihar don mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin rawar da ya taka. And My Wife's Goblin (1968), duk sun kasance nasarar kudi da mahimmanci.

A shekara ta 1967, Zulfikar ta fito a wasan siyasa; *Rubabikia* (1967) tare da Taheyya Kariokka da Nabila Ebeid suna samun nasara mai mahimmanci da nasara. A shekara ta 1968, Zulfikar ya raba jagora tare da Magda da Kamal el-Shennawi a Kamal El Sheikh's The Man Who Lost His Shadow, fim din ya sami karbuwa mai mahimmanci. A shekara mai zuwa, ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo; Good Morning, My Dear Wife (1969). Fim din ya kasance mai cinikayya a gidajen wasan kwaikwayo a Misira da duniyar Larabawa. Wannan ya karfafa Zulfikar don ba da dama ga sabon ƙarni na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da ke taka rawa a fina-finai na gaba, kamar Nelly, Mervat Amin da Naglaa Fathy. .

### 1970s: tauraron banki
Fiye da shekaru goma a matsayin tauraron banki a Misira da duniyar Larabawa, a cikin shekarun 1970s, Zulfikar ya mayar da hankali kan nasarar kasuwanci. Ya fito a cikin My Husband's Wife (1970), wani akwatin-ofishin da aka buga tare da manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo; Nelly da Naglaa Fathi . A cikin wannan shekarar, ya sami karbuwa mai mahimmanci daga masu sukar Alkahira saboda aikinsa a matsayin Amin Akef a cikin Kamal El Sheikh's political thriller Sunset and Sunrise (1970). Matsayinsa na gaba shi ne Fahmy a cikin Virgo (1970) tare da Zulfikar a cikin jagorancin tare da Nahed Sherif, Adel Emam da Lebleba .

## Manazarta

## Manazarta