Katharina Kern

**Katharina "Käthe" Kern** (22 ga Yulin 1900 - 16 ga Afrilu 1985) ta zama mai fafutukar adawa da gwamnati ta Jamus a lokacin shekarun Hitler. Bayan 1945 da sauri ta fito a matsayin babban 'yar siyasa da mai goyon bayan jam'iyya a Yankin mamayewar Soviet (bayan Oktoba 1949 Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Jamus / Gabashin Jamus). Ta yi aiki tsakanin 1946 da 1985 a matsayin memba na abin da ya zama Kwamitin Tsakiya na Jam'iyyar mai iko. Wani jagora mai tsawo a Ma'aikatar Lafiya) , ta kuma yi aiki, tsakanin 1949 da 1970, a matsayin shugabar sashen "Uwar da Yara" na kasa (*"Hauptabteilung Mutter und Kind"*).

## Rayuwa

### Tushen da farkon shekarun
An haifi Katharina "Käthe" Kern a cikin iyalin ma'aikata a Darmstadt yayin da karni na ashirin ya fara. Darmstadt, wanda kuma shine birni inda ta girma kuma ta rayu a matsayin matashi, ya zama cibiyar masana'antu, kasuwanci da al'adu mai wadata a rabi na biyu na karni na sha tara. A nan ne ta kammala karatunta na koyo don aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar kasuwanci. A cikin 1919 Käthe Kern ya shiga cikin Young Socialists . Bayan shekara guda, har yanzu ba ta da shekara 21, ta shiga jam'iyyar SPD wacce, bayan sake fasalin zabe, kwanan nan ta sami kanta a cikin sabon matsayi na kasancewa babbar jam'iyya a sabuwar majalisar dokokin Jamus kuma ta jagoranci shiga cikin gwamnatin hadin gwiwa ta Jamhuriyar Jamus Bayan mulkin mallaka. Kern memba ne na jam'iyyar mai fafutuka kuma mai sana'a ne tun daga farko. Tsakanin 1921 da 1933 ta kasance memba na "Zentralverband der Angestellten" (ZdA) , ƙungiyar kasuwanci ta ma'aikatan ma'aikata masu zaman kansu. A halin yanzu, ta tallafa wa kanta tsakanin Oktoba 1921 da Oktoba 1924 ta hanyar aiki a matsayin sakatariya ga shugaban Landesversicherungsanstalt Hessen, reshen mai ba da inshora na fansho na Hessen da ke Darmstadt.

Tsakanin Nuwamba 1924 da 1925 Kern ya yi karatu a "Akademie der Arbeit" (a hankali, "Labour Academy"), wanda ke da alaƙa da Jami'ar Frankfurt. A shekara ta 1925 ta dauki wani aikin sakatare da gudanarwa, a wannan lokacin tare da karin dandano na siyasa, tana aiki ga Otto Suhr, sannan matashi ne a "Allgemeiner freier Angestelltenbund" (AfA-Bund) , ƙungiyar laima ta ƙungiyar kasuwanci wacce ƙungiyar ta, ZdA, ke da alaƙa da ita. Tana aiki a lokaci guda tare da memba na majalisar SPD (Reichstagsmitglied), Siegfried Aufhäuser . [1][2]

Tsakanin Oktoba 1928 da tsakiyar 1933 Kern ya kasance memba na kwamitin jagorancin yankin daya--linkid="92" href="./Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" id="mwTA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD na Greater Berlin kuma shugaban "Sakatariyar Mata" na jam'iyya ta gida. A halin yanzu, a watan Janairun 1933, 'Yan gurguzu na kasa sun kama damar da aka gabatar ta hanyar rikice-rikicen majalisa da kuma rikice-rikice na siyasa don karɓar iko. Sun yi saurin canza Jamus zuwa mulkin kama-kariya na jam'iyya daya kuma sun fara hulɗa da sanannun 'yan gwagwarmaya na (bayan Maris 1933 da aka haramta) jam'iyyun siyasa masu adawa. An dauki Käthe Kern a takaice a cikin tsare-tsare a watan Yuni / Yuli na shekara ta 1933 .  Bayan an sake ta ta ta yi aiki, tsakanin Disamba 1933 da Janairu 1935, a matsayin mai buga takardu ga Saar Association (*"Saar-Verein"*) a Berlin. Tsakanin Janairu 1935 da 1945 ta yi aiki da farko a matsayin mai buga takardu kuma daga baya a matsayin sakatariya ta kamfanin hakar ma'adinai "Preußische Bergwerks- und Hütten-Aktiengesellschaft" a cibiyar gudanarwa ta Berlin. Ta shiga cikin adawa da Fascist kuma tana da hulɗa tare da ƙungiyar da ke kusa da Wilhelm Leuschner . Bayani game da sa hannu ba su da yawa, amma ya bayyana cewa ba a kama ta ba.

### Gina aikin siyasa a yankin mamayar Soviet / Gabashin Jamus
Yaƙin ya ƙare a cikin cin nasarar soja a watan Mayu 1945. Tare da mafarki na Nazi na shekaru goma sha biyu a ƙarshen, ba a dakatar da jam'iyyun siyasa, gami da Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ( / SPD) , ba. Kusan nan da nan Kern ya shiga jam'iyyar da aka dawo da ita kuma ya zama memba na "Zentralausschuss" na kasa (kimanin, "Kwamitin Tsakiya"), wanda ke zaune a Berlin. Yammacin kashi biyu cikin uku na Jamus yanzu an raba shi zuwa yankuna huɗu na soja, kuma Berlin kanta an raba ta daban zuwa sassa huɗu da aka gudanarwa da su daban. Käthe Kern ta kafa kanta a gabashin Berlin, wanda aka gudanar a matsayin wani ɓangare na Yankin mamayewar Soviet a Jamus. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1946 an samu rikice-rikice tsakanin jam'iyyar Kwaminis da Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (SPD) . Masu zanen gine-ginen haɗuwa na iya nufin cewa ya kamata ya fara aiki a duk faɗin yankunan Amurka, Burtaniya, Faransa da Soviet, amma a yayin da ba ta sami wata damuwa a waje da Yankin Soviet ba. A cikin yankin Soviet Käthe Kern, wanda a wannan lokacin ya fito a matsayin "Sakataren Mata" na SPD (akalla a gabas), ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga haɗakar jam'iyyar, kuma da zaran ya fara aiki ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin dubban tsoffin mambobin SPD da daruruwan dubban tsohuwar mambobin Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci waɗanda suka yi amfani da siffofin da aka riga aka buga da hukumomi suka ba su don sanya hannu kan membobinsu ga sabuwar jam'iyyar "Socialist Unity Party" ("Sozialistische Einheitsgerlands" / SED). Har ila yau a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1946 an zabe ta a matsayin memba na "Parteivorstand", kwamitin jagoranci wanda bayan 'yan shekaru ya samo asali a cikin abin da aka sani da Kwamitin Tsakiya na Jam'iyyar, ƙungiyar siyasa wacce, a lokacin mutuwarta, Käthe Kern za ta zama ɗaya daga cikin membobin da suka fi dadewa. A cikin "Parteivorstand", tare da Elli Schmidt ta jagoranci "sakatariyar mata" har zuwa 1949. Ta zama memba na sabuwar kungiyar Trades Union Federation ("Freier Deutsche Gewerkschaftsbund" / FDGB). Ta kuma zauna, tsakanin 1946 da 1950, a matsayin zaɓaɓɓen memba na ɗan gajeren lokaci na majalisar dokokin jihar Saxony-Anhalt ("Landtag"), kodayake wannan da alama ya kasance taron da ba shi da aiki. Tsarin wutar lantarki a yankin mamayar Soviet - wanda aka sake shi a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1949 yayin da Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Jamus (Gabas ta Jamus)  ta dauki nauyin Soviet - da sauri ya zama tsakiya sosai, har sai a shekarar 1952 an kawar da tsarin gwamnati na matakin jihohi, gami da majalisun jihohi.

## Manazarta