Haƙƙin ɗan Adam a Najeriya

**Haƙƙin ɗan adam a Nijeriya** an kiyaye a ƙarƙashin kundin tsarin mulki na yanzu na shekara ta alif dubu daya da Dari Tara da sha tara (1999). Duk da yake Nijeriya ta samu cigaba sosai game da ƴancin ɗan adam a ƙarƙashin wannan kundin tsarin mulki. Rahoton ƴancin ɗan Adam na Amurka na shekara ta dubu biyu da sha biyu (2012) ya lura da wurare da yawa da ake buƙatar ƙarin haɓaka, wanda ya haɗa da: cin zarafin daga Boko Haram, kashe-kashe daga sojojin gwamnati, rashin dai-daito tsakanin jama'a da batutuwa tare da 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki. Rahoton ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin ɗan-Adam ta duniya na shekara ta (2015) ya kuma nuna cewa, tsananin tashin hankali daga ƙungiyar Boko Haram takaita hakkokin LGBTIQ da cin hanci da rashawa na gwamnati na ci gaba da lalata matsayin 'yancin dan adam a Najeriya.

## Tarihi tun daga samun 'yancin kai
A tsakanin yancin ta a shekara ta (1960) da dawowar mulkin dimokiraɗiyya a Shekara ta (1999) Nijeriya ta sami zaɓaɓɓun Shugabannin ƙasashe biyu, ɗayan da aka naɗa, magajin soja ɗaya da juyin mulki sau bakwai (7) watau mulkin Juyin mulki a cikin sauki yana nufin yakin da aka yi tsakanin shugabannin sojoji da ke jagorantar wata jiha don kwace ko hambarar da shugaban kasa mai ci, ko dai saboda mai ci ya kasance mai cin hanci da rashawa ko kuma ba zai iya cika duk abubuwan da yake ganin ya dace da ƙasar a ciki ba lokacin aikinsa. A cikin Shekara ta (1979) Najeriya ta amince da tsarin shugaban kasa domin a tabbatar da daman zaben waɗanda za su mulke su da sabon kundin tsarin mulki . Wannan kundin tsarin mulki ya ba da tabbaci game da 'yancin ɗan adam wanda ke taɓarɓarewa ko yaushe.

Gwamnatin Janar Ibrahim Babangida, da sauransu, an lura da ita wajen keta haddin dan adam. 

Kodayake Nijeriya ta himmatu wajen rattaba hannu tare da rattaba hannu kan yarjeniyoyin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam na duniya, to amma ta ga kalubale lokacin da ake ƙoƙarin aiwatar da wadannan yarjejjeniyoyi a cikin gida. Najeriya tana aiki ne a ƙarƙashin tsari biyu kuma ba za ta iya amfani da yarjeniyoyin kasa da kasa ba sai dai idan majalisun dokokin Najeriya sun amince da su. Bugu da kari, kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya ya kare Haƙƙoƙin jama'a da siyasa, amma yarjejeniyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa kamar Yarjejeniyar Afirka suma sun fadada kariya ga al'adu, tattalin arziki, da 'yancin kungiyoyi. Saboda kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya doka ce mafi girma, Kotun Koli ta Najeriya sau da yawa takan warware rikice-rikice don nuna goyon baya ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki, don haka take takaita fadada yiwuwar 'yancin dan Adam.

## Yancin faɗar albarkacin baki
Lokacin da Janar Babangida ya hau mulki a shekara ta (1985) ya soke Dokar mai lamba hudu 4, na Shekara ta (1984) dokar da ta sanya aikata laifi a buga duk wani abu da ake ganin abin kunya ne ko kuma ya saba wa bukatun gwamnati,  akwai sabon fata na 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da jama'a da kafofin watsa labarai. A cikin mulkin Babangida, haƙuri na siyasa ya faru na ɗan lokaci. Ko yaya wannan taƙaitacciyar hanyar neman 'yancin ɗan adam ta ɓarke lokacin da gwamnatin ta fara kulle masu sukarta da korar ma'aikata waɗanda ba su inganta ra'ayoyinsu da manufofinsu. Wannan gwamnatin ta rufe jaridu da haramtattun kungiyoyi fiye da kowane a tarihin Najeriya bayan mulkin mallaka. 

Paparazzi a Najeriya galibi ya kasance yana fuskantar dabarun tsoro da tursasawa. An yi wa ‘yan jarida“ tattaunawa ”tare da Hukumar tsaron Jiha wanda ya shafi barazanar da kuma yiwuwar ɗaure shi.  Ana cigaba da rufe jaridar a cikin Shekara ta (1990) *Jamhuriyar*, *Newbreed*, *Lagos Daily News*, *The Punch*, da sauran jaridu daban-daban gwamnatin tarayya ta rufe su a wani lokaci. 

A shekara ta (1999) sabon kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya ya sami kariya daga faɗin albarkacin baki  Sai dai kuma daga baya aka zartar da dokokin 

A ranar 26, ga Afrilu, 2020, rahoton ‘Yan Jarida ba tare da Border World Press Freedom Index ya fitar da Nijeriya 115, cikin kasashe 180, da aka gudanar da bincike ba.  Masu rahoto ba tare da iyaka ba sun ba da misali da kashewa, tsarewa da kuma cin zarafin ‘yan jarida tare da kokarin rage gwamnatin da ke yankin a matsayin dalilin da ya sa aka kara darajar.  Koyaya, wannan darajar ta fi ta 146? wacce Transparency International ta baiwa Nijeriya a farkon wannan shekarar dangane da cin hanci da rashawa  Rahoton *Reporters without Border* ya kuma cigaba da cewa “Tare da sama da jaridu masu zaman kansu sama da 100, kasar da ta fi kowace kasa yawan jama’a a Afirka na jin dadin kafafen yada labarai na gaske amma bayar da labaran da suka shafi siyasa, ta’addanci ko satar kudade daga masu karfi yana da matukar matsala. ” 

## Take hakkin Gwamnati

### Sojoji
A watan Maris na shekara ta 2020, ya bayyana cewa wasu sojojin Najeriya sun yi amfani da damar karancin abinci a sansanonin ‘yan gudun hijirar da ke cikin jihar Borno tare da yi wa mata fyade a sansanonin yan gudun hijira da aka tanadar mata don ba su abincin. Wadannan karancin abinci na yan gudun hijirar suma sun haifar da mutuwar "dubunnan mutane" tun daga shekara ta 2015. A ranar 4 ga Afrilu, Shekara ta 2020, an kame wasu Sojoji uku a jihar Legas saboda bayar da barazanar fyade ga mata. A ranar 21 ga Mayun, shekara ta 2020, an kame wasu ‘yan gudun hijirar da ke jihar Legas, Kehinde Elijah da Ezeh Joseph saboda samun su da hannu a kisan wani dan sanda mai muƙamin sajan a ranar 10, ga Mayun shekara ta 2020. Masu harbe-harben, wadanda daga baya aka tsare su a hannun sojoji, wani jami'in 'yan sanda na Najeriya ya taimaka ma su kuma ana neman su da "laifukan ta'addanci."

### Ƴan sanda
A Nijeriya ana kallon Yan Sandan Najeriya a matsayin marasa inganci da cin rashawa. Rundunar Hadin Gwiwa ta Najeriya (JTF) ta ba da isasshen martani da karfi wajen kai hare-hare na ƙungiyar Boko Haram. JTF na da hannu wajen kashe wadanda ake zargi ba tare da fuskantar shari'a ba tare da kashe bazuwar al'ummomin da ake zargi da tallafawa ƙungiyar Boko Haram. 

## Duba kuma.

* Hukumar Kare Hakkin Bil'adama ta Kasa (Najeriya).
* Fataucin mutane a Najeriya.
* Binciken yanar gizo da sa ido a Najeriya.
* Hakkokin (LGBT) a Najeriya 
* Siyasar Najeriya.
* Rikicin gama gari a Najeriya
* Ajiye Childrenananan Witan mayu na Afirka.

## Manazarta.

## Hanyoyin haɗin waje

* Wakokin GQOM 
* Fakaz A Song
* Mai yiwuwa Télécharger 
* https://dfactual.com 
* Rahoton shekara-shekara na 2012 , na Amnesty International
* Rahoton 'Yanci a cikin Rahoton Duniya na 2011 , na Freedom House
* Rahoton Duniya na 2012, na Human Rights Watch
* Tsarin Ayyuka na Kasa don Ingantawa & Kare 'Yancin Dan Adam a Nijeriya, 2006