open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Lyciscus na Acarnania

**Lyciscus** (Girkanci na dā: ) ya kasance jami'in diflomasiyya a Girka ta dā a ƙarni na uku KZ . Wani Acarnanian, 'yan kasarsa ne suka aiko shi a matsayin jakada ga Lacedaemonians a cikin 211 KZ don roƙon su da su haɗa kai da Philip V na Makidoniya (ko a kowane hali kada su shiga Romawa da Aetolian League).

Ya kare sarakunan Makidoniya daga harin Chlaeneas, kuma ya zauna a kan haɗarin barin Romawa su sami tushe a Girka da kuma rashin mutunci ga zuriyar waɗanda suka kori Xerxes da barbarians ya zama yanzu masu haɗin gwiwa na wasu barbarians a kan Helenawa.

Kamar yadda Polybius ya ba da labarin, labarin Lyciscus shine watakila aikace-aikacen farko da aka rubuta na abin da yanzu shine koyarwar doka a cikin dokar kasa da kasa da aka sani da Clausula rebus sic stantibus, wanda ke ba da damar rushe yarjejeniyoyi saboda yanayin da ya canza: kamar yadda Polybius yayi magana, wannan ka'idar ita ce cewa 'idan yanayin ya kasance daidai da lokacin da ka yi kawance da Aetolians, to manufofinka ya kamata su kasance a kan layi ɗaya, amma idan an canza su gaba ɗaya, to abu ne da ba a hukunta shi ba.[1]

## Manazarta
Lysimachus na Acarnania

Lysimachus na Acarnania (Girkanci: Λυσίμαχος, Lysimachos) yana ɗaya daga cikin masu koyar da Alexander the Great . Ko da yake mutum ne mai nasarori masu kyau, ya gamsu da kansa tare da dangin sarauta ta hanyar kiran kansa Phoenix, da Alexander Achilles, da Philip Peleus; kuma ta hanyar irin wannan yabo, a cewar Plutarch, ya sami matsayi na biyu tsakanin masu koyar da saurayin.

## Manazarta
Machatas (mai zane-zane)

Machatas (Girkanci na dā) masanin zane ne, wanda aka san sunansa da rubuce-rubuce biyu [1] a Acarnania (Anaktorio) daga abin da ya bayyana cewa ya yi mutum-mutumi na Hercules, wanda Laphanes, ɗan Lasthenes ya keɓe. An kuma ambaci shi a cikin rubutun na biyu a matsayin mai yin mutum-mutumi da aka keɓe ga Asclepius.[2][3]

## Manazarta
Magistiya

Megistias (Greek_language" id="mwBQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Greek language">Girkanci: Μεγιστίας, "mafi girma") ko Themisteas (Girkanci: Θεμιστέας) ya kasance mai duba daga Acarnania wanda ya bi Helenawa zuwa Thermopylae, tare da ɗansa. Ya gano zuriyarsa zuwa Melampus . A ranar ƙarshe ta Yaƙin Thermopylae, bayan an yanke shawarar janyewar sauran Helenawa (sai dai Spartans, Thespians, da Thebans), Megistias ya tura ɗansa makaɗaici tare da su kuma ya zaɓi ya zauna har zuwa ƙarshe. Acarnanians sun gina wani abin tunawa don girmama shi, wanda suka yaba, tare da rubutun da Simonides na Ceos, aboki na Megistias, ya rubuta, don girmama ƙarfin hali da sadaukar da kansa.

## A cikin al'adun gargajiya
A cikin fim din 1962 The 300 Spartans, Megistias ya bayyana a matsayin firist na Spartan kuma mai duba da kuma aboki na Sarki Leonidas wanda, ban da bayar da tsinkaya, yana aiki a matsayin likita ga Spartans a Thermopylae. Charles Fernley Fawcett ne ya nuna Megistias.

## Manazarta
Filibus na Acarnania

Philip na Acarnania (Girkanci na dā: ) aboki ne kuma likita na Alexander the Great, wanda marubuta da yawa na dā suka ba da sanannen labari. Shi ne hanyar ceton rayuwar sarki, lokacin da aka kama shi da mummunar cutar zazzabi, wanda ya haifar da wanka a cikin ruwan sanyi na kogin Cydnus a Cilicia, bayan an yi masa zafi sosai kuma dole ne ya sanyaya, 333 BC. Parmenion ya aika don gargadi Alexander cewa Darius III ya ba da cin hanci ga Philip don ya sa masa guba; sarki, duk da haka, ba zai yarda da bayanin ba, kuma ba zai yi shakkar amincin likitansa ba, amma, yayin da ya sha ruwan da aka shirya masa, ya sanya wasikar da ya karɓa a hannunsa, yana gyara idanunsa a lokaci guda a kan fuskarsa. Wani sanannen hoto na zamani yana wakiltar wannan lamarin; kuma saurin murmurewar sarki ya tabbatar da amincewarsa da ƙwarewa da gaskiya na likitansa.  

Filibus har yanzu likitan Alexander ne a lokacin da aka kewaye Gaza a 332 BC, yayin da Curtius ya ba da rahoton cewa ya cire kibiya daga kafadar sarki (QC 4.6.17-20) 

## Manazarta
Acarnan (ɗan Alcmaeon)

A cikin tatsuniyoyin Helenanci, ***akarnan*** (Girkanci na Dā) ɗan Alcmaeon ne da Callirrhoe, kuma ɗan'uwan Amphoterus.

## Labaran Tarihi
Phegeus ne ya kashe Alcmaeon (ko, a wasu tushe, da 'ya'yansa maza - Agenor da Pronous), lokacin da suke ƙanana sosai, kuma Calirrhoe ya yi addu'a ga Zeus don sa' ya'yanta maza su girma da sauri, cewa za su iya rama mutuwar mahaifinsu. An ba da addu'ar, kuma Acarnan tare da ɗan'uwansa sun kashe Phegeus, matarsa, da 'ya'yansa maza biyu. Mazaunan Psophis, inda aka kashe 'ya'yan, sun bi masu kisan har zuwa Tegea, inda duk da haka aka karbe su kuma aka cece su. A buƙatar Achelous sun ɗauki ƙwallo da peplos na Harmony zuwa Delphi, kuma daga nan suka tafi Epirus, inda Acarnan ya kafa jihar da ake kira Acarnania. [1]

A cikin Bibliotheca na Apollodorus, Littafin III.7.5-7 ya ba da labarin kasada na Acarnan da ɗan'uwansa Amphoterus don rama mahaifinsu Alcmaeon: 

## Manazarta
Amphoterus (ɗan Alcmaeon)

A cikin tatsuniyoyin Helenanci, **Amphoterus** (Girkanci na dā:) ɗan Alcmaeon ne da Achelous)" id="mwDA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Callirrhoe (daughter of Achelous)">Callirrhoe (ɗan allahn kogi Achelous), kuma ɗan'uwan Acarnan.

Amphoterus, kamar ɗan'uwansa, ba zato ba tsammani ya girma don rama mahaifinsa. 'Ya'yan Phegeus, waɗanda suka kashe Alcmaeon, suna ɗauke da ƙwallo na Harmonia zuwa Delphi don keɓe shi, kuma sun zo gidan Agapenor a lokaci guda da Amphoterus da ɗan'uwansa Acarnan. Wadannan, sa'an nan, sun kashe masu kisan mahaifinsu, kuma sun tafi Psophis kuma sun shiga fadar sun kashe sarki Phegeus da matarsa.[1]

## Manazarta
Alexander na Acarnania

**Alexander** na Acarnania (Girkanci na Dā: Άλέξανδρος) ya taɓa zama aboki na Philip V na Makidoniya amma ya watsar da shi, kuma ya nuna kansa sosai ga ni'imar Antiochus III Mai Girma, cewa an shigar da shi cikin tattaunawar sirri.

## Girka mamayewa
Alexander ya shawarci Antiochus ya mamaye Girka, yana riƙe masa mafi kyawun damar cin nasara a kan Romawa.[1] Antiochus ya bi shawararsa. Alexander ya ji mummunan rauni a Yaƙin Cynoscephalae a 194 BC inda Romawa suka ci Antiochus, kuma a cikin wannan jihar ya kai labarin cin nasara ga danginsa, wanda ke zaune a Thronium, a kan Tekun Maliac. Lokacin da sarki, a kan komawarsa daga Girka, ya isa Cenaeum a Euboea, Alexander ya mutu kuma an binne shi a can, a cikin 191 . [2]

## Manazarta
Alexamenus na Aetolia

Alexamenus (Girkanci na dā), janar ne na Aetolians a 196 BC, wanda Aetoliyawa suka aiko a 192 a lokacin Nabis" id="mwCg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="War against Nabis">Yaƙi da Nabis, don samun mallakar Lacedaemon.[1] Ya yi nasara a kan abin da yake nufi, kuma ya kashe Nabis, mai mulkin Lacedaemon, amma mutanen Lacedaemonians da suka tayar da shi jim kadan bayan haka, an kashe shi da yawancin dakarunsa.[2][3]

## Manazarta
Alexander Aetolus

**Alexander Aetolus** (Girkanci na dā) ko Alexander the Aetolian mawaki ne na Hellenistic kuma masanin ilimin lissafi, wanda ya yi aiki a Laburaren Alexandria kuma ya rubuta waka a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban, yanzu kusan ya ɓace gaba ɗaya. Shi ne kawai sanannen mawaki na Aetolian na zamanin d ̄ a.

## Rayuwa da ayyukanta
Alexander ɗan asalin Aetolia" id="mwFQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Pleuron, Aetolia">Pleuron ne a Aetolia . Wani zamani ne na Callimachus da Theocritus, an haife shi c. 315 BC, kuma bisa ga Suda sunayen iyayensa sune Satyros da Stratokleia .  A cikin 280s ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyar malaman adabi da ke aiki a Laburaren Alexandria, inda Ptolemy II Philadelphus ya ba shi izini ya shirya da kuma gyara matani na bala'i da wasan kwaikwayo na satyr a cikin tarin Laburaren. Daga baya, tare da Antagoras da Aratus, ya shafe lokaci a kotun Sarkin Makidoniya Antigonus II Gonatas . 

Baya ga aikinsa a matsayin masanin kimiyya, Alexander ya kasance mawaki ne mai amfani wanda ya samar da aya a cikin mita da nau'o'i daban-daban, kodayake kusan layi 70 ne kawai na aikinsa Soda tsira, galibi a cikin gajerun raguwa da kafofin da suka biyo baya suka nakalto.[undefined] An yaba masa saboda bala'in da ya yi, wanda ya ba shi matsayi a cikin 'yan bala'in Iskandariya guda bakwai waɗanda suka kafa abin da ake kira Tragic Pleiad . [1] Ɗaya daga cikin bala'in da ya yi (ko watakila wasan satyr), Astragalistai ("Knucklebone-players"), ya bayyana kisan wani ɗan ɗalibi da matashi Patroklos ya yi. [2][3] Alexander kuma ya rubuta epics ko epyllia, wanda wasu sunaye da gajerun raguwa suka tsira: Haliyu ("Fisherman"), game da allahn teku Glaukos, da Krika ko Kirka (watakila "Circe"?) Misali mafi tsawo na aikinsa shine sashi na layi 34 daga Apollo, waka a cikin elegiac couplets, wanda ke ba da labarin Antheus da Cleoboea.[4][5][6] Wasu 'yan wasu raguwa na elegiac wasu marubuta sun nakalto, kuma ana ɗaukar rubutun biyu a cikin Anthology na Girkanci yawanci aikinsa. [7][8] Tsohon tushe sun kuma bayyana shi a matsayin marubucin kinaidoi (ma'anar lalata, wanda aka sani da "Waƙoƙin Ionic") a cikin hanyar Sotades.[9] Wani ɗan gajeren yanki a cikin Tetrameters na anapestic ya kwatanta halin Euripides da ingancin zuma na shayensa.[10]

## Manazarta
Alexander na Trichonium

Alexander (Girkanci na dā) na Trichonium a Aetolia tsohon kwamandan Girka ne na Aetolians a cikin 218 da 219 BC. Tare da kimanin sojoji dubu uku ya kai hari ga masu tsaron baya (wanda ya kunshi mercenaries da Acarnanians) na sojojin Philip V na Makidoniya a lokacin da ya dawo daga Thermus, [1] amma yunkurin bai yi nasara ba, kuma an kashe Aetolians da yawa a yakin, wanda ya ƙare tare da sojojin Philip suka kori Aetoliyawa gaba ɗaya. [2][3]

## Manazarta
Chlaeneas

Chlaeneas (Girkanci na dā: ), ɗan ƙasar Aetolian, 'yan ƙasarsa ne suka aiko shi a matsayin jakada ga Mutanen Lacedaemonians a cikin 211 KZ, don tayar da su a kan Philip V na Makidoniya. Masanin tarihi Polybius ya ba da rahoton cewa yana zaune sosai (δυσαντιπ̓πžή) a kan zalunci na duk sarakunan Makidoniya da suka biyo baya daga Philip II na Makidoniya zuwa ƙasa, da kuma tabbatar da cin nasara wanda ke jiran Philip daga ƙungiyar da aka kafa a kansa.

Chlaeneas ya yi adawa da wakilin Acarnanian Lyciscus, amma an sa Lacedaemonians su shiga ƙungiyar Romawa tare da Aetolians da Attalus I.

## Manazarta
Archedemus na Aetolia

**Archedemus** ko **Archedamus** (Girkanci na dā:  ko Άρχέδαμος - Livy ya kira shi "Archidamus") ɗan Aetolian ne wanda ya umurci sojojin Aetolian waɗanda suka taimaka wa Romawa a Yaƙin Makidoniya na Biyu tare da Philip V na Makidoniya .

A cikin 199 KZ ya tilasta wa Filibus ya tayar da kewaye da garin Thaumaci, kuma ya shiga cikin Yaƙin Cynoscephalae a cikin 197, inda aka ci Filibus.

Lokacin da yaƙin ya ɓarke tsakanin Romawa da Aetolians, an aika shi a matsayin Akaya ga Achaeans don neman taimakon su a 192; kuma a kan cin nasarar Antiochus III Mai Girma a cikin shekara mai zuwa, ya tafi a matsayin jakadan ga mai ba da shawara Manius Acilius Glabrio don neman zaman lafiya. [3][4] A shekara ta 169, Lyciscus ya zarge shi da Romawa a matsayin daya daga cikin abokan gaba.[5] Ya shiga Perseus na Makidoniya a wannan shekarar, kuma ya bi sarkin Makidoniya cikin tserewa bayan da aka ci shi a shekara ta 168. [6]

## Manazarta
Alexander Isius

Alexander (Girkanci na dā), wanda ake kira Isius, babban kwamandan Aetolians, mutum ne mai ƙwarewa da ƙwarewa ga Aetolian.[1][2] A cikin 205 KZ, Alexander Isios ya yi adawa da Dorimachus da Scopas, waɗanda Aetolians suka zaba a matsayin 'yan majalisa don sake fasalin dokokin Aetolian. A shekara ta 198 KZ ya kasance a wani taro da aka gudanar a Nicaea a kan Tekun Maliac, kuma ya yi magana da Philip V na Makidoniya, yana cewa ya kamata a tilasta wa sarki ya bar Girka, kuma ya mayar wa Aetolians garuruwan da suka kasance ƙarƙashin su.[3] Filibus, ya yi fushi da irin wannan bukatar da wani Aetolian ya yi, ya amsa masa a cikin jawabi daga jirginsa.[4] Ba da daɗewa ba bayan wannan taron, an tura shi a matsayin jakadan Aetolians zuwa Roma, inda, tare da wasu jakadu, ya yi hulɗa da majalisar dattijai game da zaman lafiya, amma a lokaci guda don kawo zarge-zarge a kan Philip.[5] A shekara ta 197 KZ, Alexander ya sake shiga cikin wani taro, inda T. Quinctius Flamininus tare da abokantaka da sarki Philip suka halarci, kuma inda aka tattauna zaman lafiya tare da Philip. Alexander ya hana abokansa daga duk wani tsari na zaman lafiya tare da Philip.[6][7] A shekara ta 195 KZ, lokacin da Flamininus ya kira taron dukkan jihohin Girka da suka hada kai da Roma a Koranti, don yin la'akari da yakin da za a yi da Sarkin Spartan Nabis, Alexander ya yi magana da Atheniyawa, kuma ya nuna cewa Romawa suna yin magudi ga Girka.[8] Lokacin da a shekara ta 189 KZ, Marcus Fulvius Nobilior, bayan nasarar da ya samu a kan Antiochus III Mai Girma, ana sa ran ya shiga Aetolia, Aetolians sun aika da jakadu zuwa Athens da Rhodes; kuma Alexander Isius, tare da Phaneas da Lycopus, an aika su zuwa Roma don neman zaman lafiya. Alexander, yanzu tsoho ne, ya kasance a kan shugabancin ofishin jakadancin; amma shi da abokan aikinsa sun zama fursunoni a Cephallenia ta hanyar Epeirotes, don manufar karbar fansa mai nauyi. Alexander, duk da haka, ko da yake yana da wadata sosai, ya ki ya biya shi, kuma an tsare shi a cikin bauta na wasu kwanaki, bayan haka aka sake shi, a ƙarƙashin umarnin Romawa, ba tare da wani fansa ba.[9]

## Manazarta
Lyciscus na Aetolia

**Lyciscus** (Girkanci na dā: ), ɗan Aetolian kuma mai goyon bayan Roma a lokacin Yaƙin Makidoniya na Uku, an sanya shi janar na Aetolians a cikin 171 KZ ta hanyar tasirin Q. Marcius da A. Atilius, biyu daga cikin kwamishinonin Romawa da aka aika zuwa Girka a wannan shekarar.

A cikin shekara ta 167 KZ, Aetolians sun koka wa Aemilius Paullus, sannan suka ci gaba ta hanyar Girka, cewa Lyciscus da Tisippus (wani mai goyon bayan Roma) sun sa sojoji na Romawa suka kashe 550 daga cikin sanatocinsu, Aulus Baebius ya ba su bashi don manufar, yayin da suka kori wasu zuwa gabarsu kuma suka kwace dukiyarsu. Amma an yi kisan kai da tashin hankali a kan magoya bayan Perseus na Makidoniya da abokan adawar Roma, kuma kwamishinonin Romawa a Amphipolis sun yanke shawarar cewa Lyciscus da Tisippus sun cancanci abin da suka yi. Baebius ne kawai aka hukunta shi saboda ya ba da sojojin Romawa a matsayin kayan aikin kisan.[1]

## Manazarta
Bukris

Bukris ko Boucris (Girkanci na dā) ɗan fashi ne na Aetolian a ƙarni na 3 BC wanda ya mamaye ƙauyen Attic kuma ya ɗauki bayi don siyarwa zuwa tsibirin Karita. An san lamarin ne daga rubutun Helenanci inda Atheniyawa suka girmama Eumaridas, wani dan Crete daga Kydonia, don sakin fursunoni. Boukris na iya zama ɗan Daitas daga Naupactus wanda aka tabbatar a matsayin proxenos a Delos. Boukris kuma ya kasance mai daraja na Aetolians a Delphi a cikin wannan karni.

## Manazarta
Machatas na Aetolia

An aika Machatas na Aetolia a matsayin jakadan Aetolian League zuwa Sparta a farkon Yakin Jama'a (220-217 BC), don ƙoƙarin sa Lacedaemonians su shiga Aetolians a kan Philip V na Makidoniya da Achaean League. Ofishin jakadancinsa na farko bai yi nasara ba; amma jim kadan bayan haka, canji ya faru a cikin gwamnatin Sparta, sakamakon zaben sarakuna biyu Agesipolis III da Lykourgos, Machatas ya dawo, kuma a wannan lokacin ya haifar da ƙarshen haɗin gwiwar da aka tsara. Daga can ya ci gaba zuwa Elis, kuma ya sa Eleans su hada kai da sabuwar ƙungiyar da aka kafa a kan Ƙungiyar Achaean.

## Manazarta
Pyrrhias na Aetolia

Pyrrhias (Girkanci) janar ne na Aetolian, wanda 'yan kasansa suka aiko shi a lokacin Yakin Jama'a (220-217 BC), don karɓar umurni a Elis . A nan ya yi amfani da rashin Philip V na Makidoniya, da kuma rashin iyawar Eperatus mai dabarun Achaean, don yin hare-hare Akaya-akai a cikin yankunan Achaean. Bayan ya kafa wani sansani mai garu a Dutsen Panachaikon, ya rushe duk ƙasar har zuwa Rhion da Aigion. A shekara ta gaba (217 BC) ya shirya wani shiri tare da Sparta)" id="mwDw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Lycurgus (king of Sparta)">Lycurgus, sarkin Sparta, don mamaye Messenia. Koyaya, ya kasa aiwatar da ɓangarensa na makircin, Cyparissians sun ƙi shi kafin ya iya yin haɗuwa da Lycurgus. A sakamakon haka ya koma Elis, amma yayin da Eleans ba su gamsu da halinsa ba, ba da daɗewa ba bayan Aetolians suka dawo da shi kuma Euripidas ya maye gurbinsa. (Polybius V. 30, 91, 92, 94.) A wani lokaci daga baya ya sami ofishin strategos na Aetolians, a cikin wannan shekarar (208 BC) cewa an ba da wannan ofishin a matsayin lakabi na girmamawa ga Attalus I, sarkin Pergamon. A cikin bazara na wannan shekarar ya ci gaba tare da sojoji zuwa Lamia don adawa da wucewar Philip V na Makidoniya zuwa Peloponnese. Kodayake Attalus da kuma Roman praetor Publius Sulpicius Galba Maximus sun goyi bayan shi, Filibus ya ci shi a yaƙe-yaƙe biyu da suka biyo baya (Yaƙin Lamia na Farko da na biyu) kuma ya tilasta masa yin ritaya a cikin ganuwar Lamia. (Livy, XXVII.30) Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa Sipyrrhicas, wanda ya bayyana a Livy (XXXI.46) a matsayin shugaban wakilai na Aetolian wanda ya sadu da Attalus a Heracleia, karatun ƙarya ne kawai ga Pyrrhias.

Wani **Pyrrhias na Aetolia** ya lashe gasar Olympic a tseren filin wasa a 200 BC, a cewar Chronicon na Eusebius na Kaisariya . Wataƙila ya kasance ɗan wanda ya gabata, kodayake babu wani abu da ya tabbatar da wannan zato.

## Manazarta
Theodotus na Aetolia

**Theodotus** (Girkanci) kwamandan mercenary ne na Aetolian, wanda a lokacin da ya hau kan masarautar Seleucid, Antiochus III Mai Girma (223-187 BC), yana cikin hidimar Ptolemaic kuma yana da umurnin muhimmiyar lardin Coele-Syria ga Ptolemy Philopator (221-204 BC), sarkin Masar. 

Theodotus ya kasance janar ne mai iyawa, yana sauƙaƙe hari na farko na sarki Antiochus a kan lardinsa, amma maimakon Ptolemy ya ba shi lada saboda ayyukansa, an tuno shi zuwa Iskandariya, inda kusan ya zama wanda aka azabtar da makircin wasu ma'aikatan sarki da magoya bayan sarki. Da yake ya yi fushi da wannan bi da shi, kuma ya raina mugunta da alatu na Ptolemy, lokacin da ya ci gaba da mulki a Coele-Syria (219 BC), Theodotus ya ɗauki ra'ayin wuce wannan lardin a hannun Antiochus. An yi maraba da yunkurinsa, kuma ya mika manyan sansanoni biyu na Taya da Ptolemais ga masarautar Seleucid, wanda nan da nan ya shiga tare da sojojin da ke ƙarƙashin umurninsa. Wani daga cikin janar din Ptolemy, Nicolaus, ya hana shirin Theodotus daga cikawa, kuma ya sami damar riƙe wani ɓangare na lardunan Siriya a ƙarƙashin biyayya ga Masar.

Theodotus ya ji daɗin matsayi mai girma tare da sarki Seleucid. A cikin yakin 217 BC, Theodotus ya umarci rundunar sojoji dubu goma, kuma kafin Yaƙin Raphia ya nuna ƙarfin hali ta hanyar shiga tare da abokai biyu kawai a cikin zuciyar sansanin Masar, don kashe Ptolemy da kansa. Da yake kuskuren alfarwar sarki, Theodotus ya kashe likitan Ptolemy a maimakon haka, amma ya tsere lafiya, ya koma sansanin Seleucid.[1]

Har ila yau a cikin 215 KZ Theodotus ya nuna daidaitattun ƙarfin zuciya wajen tallafawa aikin jaruntaka na Lagoras don hawa ganuwar birnin Sardis, nasarar da take da alama ta kasance mai girma saboda ƙwarewar Theodotus da iyawarsa.

## Manazarta
Nicolaus na Aetolia

Nicolaus (Girkanci: Nικoλαoς, Nikolaos) ɗan Aetolian ne, kuma janar na Ptolemy IV Philopator (221-204 BC), sarkin Masar . A cikin 219 KZ ya jagoranci kewaye da Ptolemais, wanda mai cin amana Theodotus ya gudanar, wanda ya yi tawaye daga Ptolemy zuwa Antiochus III Mai Girma (223-187 KZ). Nicolaus, duk da haka, ya watsar da kewaye a kan kusantar Sarkin Seleucid. A cikin wannan shekarar ya yi abubuwa da yawa don yaudarar yunkurin Antiochus a kan Dora a Phoenicia, ta hanyar aikawa da taimakon da aka kewaye. A cikin 218 KZ Ptolemy ya sanya shi tare da babban umurni a Coele-Syria, nadin da ya dace, a cewar Polybius, ta hanyar kwarewarsa ta soja da jaruntaka. Duk da haka, Antiochus da janar dinsa sun kore shi daga matsayi mai karfi wanda ya dauka tsakanin kewayon Dutsen Lebanon da teku kusa da garin Porphyreon, kuma an tilasta masa neman tsaro a cikin jirgin gaggawa zuwa Sidon. Ana iya tunanin cewa bayan wannan ya yi watsi da Antiochus: aƙalla, mun sami sunan Nicolaus na Aetolia da aka ambata daga cikin janar din sarkin Siriya a lokacin Yaƙin Dutsen Labus 209 BC.[1]

## Manazarta

* Polybius; *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.+1.1 Tarihi]*, Evelyn S. Shuckburgh (mai fassara); Landan - New York, (1889) 
* Smith, William (edita); Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, "Nicolaus (4) ", Boston, (1867)
Salynthius

**Salynthius** (Girkanci na dā) ya kasance sarkin mutanen Agraea a ƙarni na 5 BC. An san shi daga asusun Yaƙin Peloponnesia, musamman dangane da abubuwan da suka faru bayan Yaƙin Olpae a 426 BC. Bayan wannan yaƙin, sojojin Ambraciots da Peloponnesian da suka tsira sun janye daga yankin kuma sun nemi mafaka a yankin makwabta na Agraeans. Salynthius ya karbi wadannan 'yan gudun hijira kuma ya ba su kariya.

Shekaru biyu bayan haka, a cikin 424 BC, Salynthius ya shiga cikin yakin basasa na Athens a yammacin Girka. Demosthenes, yana aiki a matsayin wani ɓangare na ayyukan da aka tsara na Atina a yankin, ya mamaye yankin Agraeans, ya ci Salynthius, kuma ya rage shi zuwa biyayya, ya kawo mutanensa ƙarƙashin ikon Atina.[1][2]

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Aeolia (tatsuniyoyi)

A cikin tatsuniyoyin Helenanci, Aeolia (Girkanci na dā: , ) 'yar Amythaon kuma matar Calydon, sunan garin a Aetolia. Tana da 'ya'ya mata biyu wato Epicaste, matar Agenor da Protogeneia, mahaifiyar Oxylus ta Ares.[1][2]

## Manazarta
Aetolus (tatsuniyoyi)

A cikin tatsuniyoyin Helenanci, Aetolus (/iːˈtoʊləs/; Tsohon Helenanci: Αἰτωλός Aitolos) shine sunan adadi masu zuwa:

* Aetolia" id="mwCg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Aetolus of Aetolia">Aetolus, sunan Aetolia da sarkin Elis . 
* Aetolus, mahaifin Palaemon, wanda aka ƙidaya daga cikin Argonauts. An kuma kira wannan na ƙarshe ɗan Hephaestus  ko Lernus na Olenus. 
* Aetolus, ɗan Oxylus, mutumin da ya taimaka wa Heracleidae, da Pieria da ɗan'uwan Laias. Aetolus ya mutu a gaban iyayensa, kuma sun binne shi a cikin kabari a ƙofar da ke kaiwa Olympia saboda wani annabi ya hana a ajiye gawar ko dai a waje da birnin ko a ciki. Mai wasan motsa jiki na Elis ya yi amfani da shi don miƙa hadaya ta shekara-shekara a kan kabarinsa har zuwa lokacin Pausanias.

## Bayani


## Manazarta
Achelous

**Achelous** (kuma **Acheloos** ko **Acheloios**) (/ˌækɪˈloʊ.əs/; Tsohon Girkanci, kuma daga baya *Akhelôios*) shi ne allah a cikin Addinin Girka na dā da tatsuniyoyi da ke da alaƙa da Kogin Achelous, mafi girman kogi a Girka. A cewar Hesiod, shi dan Titans Oceanus ne da Tethys. An kuma ce shi ne mahaifin Sirens, da yawa nymphs, da sauran zuriya.

Achelous ya sami damar canza siffarsa, kuma a cikin siffar bijimi, ya yi gwagwarmaya da Heracles don haƙƙin auren Deianeira, amma ya ɓace. Ya kuma shiga cikin labarin jarumin Argive Alcmaeon . 

## Magana
Sunan ːχεϊος mai yiwuwa ne kafin Girkanci; [undefined] ma'anarsa ba cikakke ba ce. Tattaunawar kwanan nan sun nuna cewa asalin Semitic ne, tare da farkon Αχ- wanda ya samo asali ne daga Akkadian aʹu ("gefen kogi"), ko aʹû ("gabar teku") da kuma ma'anar -ελώʹος, daga Akkadian illu ("ruwa" ko "ruwayen kogi da ke mamaye ƙasar ).[1] A cewar masanin harshe Ivan Duridanov [bg] , sunan kogin Thracian Achelōos (a madadin, Achelón da Achelon), wanda ke kusa da Anchialo, a cikin Bahar Maliya, yana da alaƙa da kalmar Helenanci, dukansu sun samo asali ne daga asalin Proto-Indo-Turai *化ku̯el, ma'ana 'ruwa'.[2]

## Iyali

A cewar Hesiod, Achelous, tare da duk sauran alloli na kogi, ɗan Titans Oceanus ne da Tethys .  A cewar masanin tarihin ƙarni na shida Acusilaus, Achelous shine "mafi tsufa kuma mafi girmamawa" na allahn kogi na Oceanus. Servius, yana ba da labarin al'adar da ba a san asalinsa ba, ya ba da rahoton cewa Achelous ya kasance ɗan Duniya (watau Gaia). 

Achelous yana da 'ya'ya daban-daban. An ce shi ne mahaifin Sirens. A cewar mawaki na ƙarni na 3 BC Lycophron, Sirens 'ya'ya mata ne na Achelous, ta hanyar "mahaifiyar mawaƙa" (watakila ma'anar mahaifiyar Muse ce), yayin da Ovid ya kira Sirens kawai' ya'yan Achelous ne, ba tare da ambaton mahaifiyarsu ba. Wani mawaki na ƙarni na 3 BC, Apollonius na Rhodes, ya sanya mahaifiyar Muse Terpsichore, yayin da bisa ga wasu asusun, ita ce Muse Melpomene, ko kuma yarima Sterope ta Kalydonian. Ta hanyar Perimede, 'yar Aeolus, an ce Achelous ya haifi Hippodamas da Orestes.

## Manazarta
Alcathous

Alcathous (/ælˈkæθoʊəs/; Tsohon Girkanci) shine sunan mutane da yawa a cikin tatsuniyoyin Girkanci:

* Alcathous, yarima ne na Kalydonian a matsayin ɗan Sarki Porthaon da Euryte, 'yar Hippodamas. Ya kasance ɗan'uwan Oeneus (mai gajiyar Porthaon), Agrius, Melas, Leucopeus, da Sterope. Alcathous ita ce mai neman Oenomaus)" id="mwGA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Hippodamia (daughter of Oenomaus)">Hippodamia na biyu, kuma ta haka ne mahaifinta Oenomaus ya kashe ta kamar sauran masu neman sai dai Pelops.
* Alcathous, mai yiwuwa ɗan Agrius wanda tare da ɗan'uwansa Lycopeus, ya mutu a hannun dan uwansa, Tydeus wanda ya tafi gudun hijira zuwa Argos.
* Alcathous, ɗan Pelops, wanda ya kashe Zaki na Cithaeronian.
* Alcathous, ɗaya daga cikin masu kula da Thebes. Amphiaraus ya kashe shi a lokacin yakin Bakwai da Thebes.
* Alcathous, sojan Trojan a cikin kamfanin Paris da Agenor. Shi ɗan Aesyetes ne kuma mijin Hippodamia, 'yar'uwar Aeneas. Mahaifiyar Alcathous na iya zama Cleomestra, 'yar Tros, kuma ta haka ne, ɗan'uwan Antenor da Assaracus. Idomeneus, sarkin tsibirin Karita ne ya kashe Alcathous.
* Alcathous, wani jarumi na Trojan, wanda Achilles ya kashe a Yaƙin Trojan . 
* Alcathous, ɗaya daga cikin abokan Aeneas. Caedicus ne ya kashe shi, daya daga cikin mayaƙan Turnus.
* Alcathous, wani, wanda ba a san shi ba na wannan sunan Virgil ya ambaci shi.

## Dubi kuma

* 2241 Alcathous

## Manazarta
Amphinomus

A cikin tatsuniyoyin Helenanci, Amphinomus (/æmˈfɪnəməs/; Tsohon Helenanci: ♡μφίνομος Amphínomos; a zahiri "kiwo da komai") na iya nufin mutane masu zuwa:

* Amphinomus, mahaifin Aetolian na Huriya_(mythology)" id="mwDQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Hyria (mythology)">Thyria (Hyria) wanda ya zama mahaifiyar Cycnus ta Apollo.
* Amphinomus, yarima na Dulichium a matsayin ɗan Sarki Nissos. Ya kasance daya daga cikin masu neman Penelope  kuma an dauke shi mafi kyawun hali daga cikinsu. Duk da gargadi na Odysseus, Athena ta tilasta wa Amphinomus ya zauna, saboda duk da haka ya kasance mai neman aure. An kashe shi da mashi da Telemachus ya jefa a lokacin kisan kiyashi na Ithaca; abin mamaki, Amphinomus ya yi ƙoƙari sau biyu ya hana masu sauraro kashe Telemachus.
* Amphinomus, ɗan Diomedes kuma 'yar Sarki Daunus na Apulia a Italiya.
* Amphinomus, ɗan'uwan Anapias (mai suna a cikin Latin: Pii Fratres, lit. '): su ne sanannun haruffa na Girkanci Catania (Sicily, Italiya), waɗanda suka ceci iyayensu daga fashewar Etna, suna ɗauke da su a kafaɗunsu.

## Manazarta
Magana da Magana

A cikin tatsuniyoyin Helenanci,  (Girkanci na dā,  Antiphéra) mace ce ta bawa daga Aetolia a hidimar Athamas da Ino, sarki da sarauniya a Beotia . Antiphera ta kama ido na Athamas, kuma ta haka ne ya fusata matarsa Ino. An fi san labarin ta hanyar Plutarch, masanin falsafar Girka na zamanin mulkin mallaka na Roma.

## Labaran Tarihi
Antiphera mace ce ta Aetolian wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin bawa ga ma'aurata na sarauta na Beotia, Sarki Athamas da Sarauniya Ino .  Ino da Athamas suna da 'ya'ya tare, amma nan da nan ya fara jima'i da baiwar da ya yi ƙoƙarin ɓoyewa. Duk da haka matarsa Ino ta gano, kuma a cikin kishi da ta haifar, ta fitar da fushinta ga Melicertes, ɗayan 'ya'yanta maza da Athamas, ta hanyar kashe shi.

## Al'adu
An yi amfani da wannan labarin a zamanin d ̄ a don bayyana dalilin da ya sa aka hana mata bayi shiga masallacin Mater Matuta (wanda ya dace da allahiya Ino / Leucothea), kuma matan da suka kawo bawa daya tare da su za su doke su kuma su buge su a kai; [1] a halin yanzu a Chaeronea, gidan Plutarch, mai kula da haikalin zai ɗauki bulala kuma ya yi ihu "Babu wani bawa ya shiga, ko wani Aetolian, namiji ko mace!" yayin da yake waje da haikwatar Leucothe a waje. [1]

Masanin kimiyya Joseph Fontenrose ya kwatanta wannan labarin da tatsuniyoyin Aëdon da Procne, matan sarauta na yankin Attica-Boeotia da suka kashe 'ya'yansu Itylus / Itys don ɗaukar fansa a kan mazajensu marasa aminci Zethus / Polytechnus da Tereus bi da bi.

## Dubi kuma

* Harpalyce, wacce ta kashe ɗanta don rama kanta
* Hagar
* Eurycleia

## Manazarta
Antiochus (tatsuniyoyi)

A cikin tatsuniyoyin Helenanci, sunan Antiochus (Girkanci na dā) wanda aka samo daga - anti "a kan, idan aka kwatanta da, kamar" da οχη oche "taimako") na iya nufin:

* Antiochus, ɗan Heracles da Meda. Dukkanin kakan mahaifiyarsa da ɗansa sun ɗauki sunan phyle" id="mwEw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Phylas">Phylas . Shi ne sunan mai suna Antiochis na Athens.
* Antiochus, ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'ya maza takwas na Aetolian na Melas waɗanda Tydeus ya kashe saboda makirci a kan Oeneus.
* Antiochus, yarima na Taphian a matsayin daya daga cikin 'ya'yan Sarki Pterelaus na Taphos . 
* Antiochus, ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yan Masar. Ya yi aure (kuma ya kashe shi) Itea, 'yar Danaus.
* Antiochus, daya daga cikin wadanda aka yi hadaya da Minotaur.

## Manazarta
Calydon (ɗan Ares)

A cikin tatsuniyoyin Helenanci, **Calydon** (/ˈkælɪdɒn/; Tsohon Helenanci: ,  ) ƙaramin adadi ne daga yankin Calydon, ɗan Ares da Astynome . Calydon ya fusata allahiya Artemis lokacin da ya gan ta tsirara, sannan aka juya ta cikin dutse a matsayin horo.

## Iyali
An haifi Calydon ga Ares, allahn yaƙi, da kuma wata mace mai suna Astynome . Kamar yadda sunansa ya nuna, ya fito ne daga Calydon, wani birni na dā a Aetolia, a yammacin Girka.

## Labaran Tarihi
Wata rana, Calydon ba zato ba tsammani ya haɗu da budurwa allahiya Artemis wacce ke wanka tsirara. A matsayin horo ta juya shi cikin dutse, kuma ta haka ne dutsen Gyrus da ke kusa da Kogin Achelous ya ɗauki sunansa kuma an kira shi Calydon daga baya.

## Fassara
Calydon ganin allahiya tsirara ya zama tsangwama wanda ke da jima'i a cikin yanayi, yana sanya shi a cikin aji ɗaya da sauran masu fyade; makantarwa hukunci ne na yau da kullun don laifukan jima'i cikin tatsuniyoyin Helenawa.

Labarin Calydon an adana shi ne kawai a cikin Pseudo-Plutarch's Treatise on Rivers and Mountains (ko De fluviis), aikin da marubucin da aka sani yanzu ba shine ainihin Plutarch ba.[undefined] Wannan aikin ƙarni na biyu a yau an rarraba shi azaman paradoxography ko parody na paradoxography, Ruwa ana iya rubuta shi da sauti mai ban dariya, wanda ba mai tsanani ba.[1]

## Dubi kuma

* Tiresias
* Sifofi
* Actaeon

## Manazarta
Cleoboea

A cikin tatsuniyoyin Helenanci, sunan Cleoboea (Girkanci na dā: , , lit. ) yana nufin mata da yawa:

* Cleoboea, 'yar Criasus da Melantho, 'yar'uwar Phorbas da Ereuthalion.
* Cleoboea, mahaifiyar Eurythemis. 'Yarta ta auri Sarki Thestius na Aetolia)" id="mwFQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Pleuron (Aetolia)">Pleuron a Aetolia .  Cleoboea kanta ba a san ta ba.
* Cleoboea, mahaifiyar Philonis ta Eosphoros. Philonis, a biyun, ta zama mahaifiyar Philammon ta Apollo.
* Cleoboea, wanda aka ce shi ne na farko da ya kawo orgies na Demeter zuwa Thasos daga Paros. Pausanias ya bayyana wani zane wanda ya nuna ta da Tellis, kakan mawaki Archilochus, duka a matsayin matasa, a cikin jirgin ruwa, tare da akwati a hannun Cleoboea wanda ya kamata ya ƙunshi wasu abubuwa masu tsarki ga Demeter.
* Cleoboea ko Philaechme, matar Phobius (dukiyar Neleus) sarkin Miletus. Ta fada cikin soyayya da saurayi mai suna Antheus kuma ta yi ƙoƙari ta yaudare shi, amma ya ƙi ci gabanta, don haka ta kashe shi.

## Manazarta
Agenor (ɗan Pleuron)

A cikin tatsuniyoyin Helenanci, Agēnor (/əˈdʒiːnɔːr/; Tsohon Helenanci; fassarar Turanci: 'jarumi, namiji') [1] ɗan Sarki Pleuron ne na Aetolia da Xanthippe, kuma jikan Aetolus. [2] 'Yan uwansa sune Stratonice, Sterope da Laophonte . Agenor ya auri dan uwansa Epicaste, 'yar Calydon, wacce ta zama mahaifiyar Porthaon da Demonice.[3] A cewar Pausanias, Thestius, mahaifin Leda, shi ma ɗan wannan Agenor ne.[4]

## Manazarta
Heinrich Grenser

**Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Grenser** (5 Maris 1764 &#x2013; 12 Disamba 1813) ɗan ƙasar Jamus ne mai yin kayan kida .

Daga 1779 zuwa 1786 ya fara koyon aiki a wurin kawunsa, August Grenser, wani mai kera kayan kida na Dresden, kuma bayan ya fara koyon aiki ya ci gaba da aiki a shagon August, inda ya karɓe shi a 1796. Heinrich Grenser ya ƙirƙiro wani nau'in bass clarinet na farko a 1793, and may have been the inventor of the alto clarinet, beginning production in 1808. kuma wataƙila shi ne ya ƙirƙiro alto clarinet, wanda ya fara samarwa a 1808. 

Grenser ya mutu a Dresden a shekarar 1813. [1] Wani kiyasi na shekarar 1978 ya lissafa kayan kida 127 da Grenser ya bari, yawancinsu bassoons da sarewa ne, amma kuma sun haɗa da ƙahonin basset, clarinets, oboes, fagottini, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin bass clarinet, cor anglais, oboe d'amore, bass horn, contrabassoon, hunting horn, da recorder . [2]

## Manazarta
Gotthelf Greiner

**Johann Gotthelf Greiner** (22 ga Fabrairu, 1732, Alsbach - 12 ga Agusta, 1797) ɗan ƙasar Jamus ne mai yin gilashi . Ana yaba masa a matsayin wanda ya ƙirƙiro faranti.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Greiner a cikin wani tsohon gidan masu yin gilashi a Scheibe-Alsbach, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt . Ya fito ne daga dangin *Schwabenhans*, wanda aka fi sani da Hans Greiner.

## Aikin rayuwa
Gotthelf Greiner ya ƙirƙira shi tare da ɗan uwansa kuma surukinsa, Gottfried Greiner, tare da Johann Friedrich Böttger, waɗanda suka yi aiki tare da shi tsawon shekaru da yawa na bincike, kuma a cikin ɗan ƙaramin sinadari daban-daban.

Kasuwancinsa ya samar da muhimman abubuwan da ake buƙata don ƙera faranti na Turingian. Aikin Greiner da waɗannan 'ya'yansa maza suna da alaƙa da tushen ƙera faranti masu zuwa:

* 1751 ƙera fale-falen a Limbach
* 1760 Wurin kera porcelain cloister Veilsdorf a Veilsdorf
* 1764 Wallendorf a cikin Lichte (Wallendorf)
* 1777 Graf von Henneberg porcelain a Ilmenau
* 1779 ƙera fale-falen a Großbreitenbach

## Manazarta

*  
* Gerhard Greiner: *Der Schwabe Hans Greiner 1465–1532* - 4. und erweiterte Auflage - Mai 1995 (Familiengeschichte der Thüringer Greiner als genealogische Stammfolge über XI / XII Generationen
* Rudi Greiner-Adam: *Der Schwabenhans und seine Nachkommen – Die Gründer von Lauscha und Limbach* - 2. ergänzte Auflage 2003
Georg Gebel (babban)

**Georg Gebel** (1685–1750) wani mawaki ne ɗan ƙasar Jamus, mai ƙirƙirar kayan kida, kuma mai ƙirƙira a fannin ƙirƙirar kayan kida .

An haifi Gebel a Breslau, wanda a lokacin yana cikin Bohemia . Ya zama mai koyon dinki, amma ya gudu daga koyon aikin don ya karanci kiɗa. Ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin Winkler da Krause, kuma ya zama mai koyar da organ a Brieg a shekarar 1709 da kuma a Breslau a shekarar 1713. Ya mutu a Breslau a shekarar 1750. An canza Silesia inda yake zaune daga Bohemia zuwa Masarautar Prussia a shekarar 1742.

Ya ƙirƙiro clavichord mai sautunan kwata da clavicymbalum mai madannai na pedal . Ba a buga waƙoƙinsa da yawa ba, amma sun haɗa da oratorio, cantatas, taro, zabura, canons, organ pieces, da kuma kiɗan clavichord.

Ɗansa, Georg Gebel the Younger, shi ma fitaccen mawaƙi ne kuma mawaƙi.

## Manazarta

*
Gottfried Heinrich Gloger

**Gottfried Heinrich Gloger** (1710 Hannover – Afrilu 1779 Verdal ) wani mai gina gabobin jiki ne kuma mai gina sassan jiki na Jamus. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Gloger a matsayin ɗa na uku ga mai gina gaɓɓai Johann Heinrich Gloger. Manyan 'yan uwansa su ne Johann Wilhelm Gloger (1702–1760) da Dietrich Christoph Gloger (kimanin 1704–1708 – 1773); dukkansu ukun sun yi karatu a hannun mahaifinsu. Horarwarsa ta farko ta gina gaɓɓai tana ƙarƙashin mahaifinsa, daga baya ya koma karatu tare da ɗaliban Arp Schnitger Christian Vater da Lambert Daniel Kastens ɗan Denmark. Gloger ya zo Norway tun a farkon 1738, kuma a shekara ta 1746 Sarkin Norway ya ba shi damar sarauta ta gina gaɓɓai. Shi ne babban mai gina gaɓɓai a Norway a ƙarni na 18, wanda shine zamanin zinariya na gina gaɓɓai na Turai. 

Gloger ya auri sau huɗu (1745–1763 da Pernille Nielsdatter Klastrup, 1770–1772 da Christina Lund, 1773 da Lucia Rasbech da 1774 har zuwa mutuwarsa da Ester Abel Parelius). Matansa uku na farko sun mutu a gabansa. Shahararrun aikinsa shine sashin cocin Kongsberg, akwai wurare da yawa da suka rage. An gyara shi a shekarun 1980 ta hannun Jürgen Ahrend . Bugu da ƙari, fuskokin sauran kayan aikin da ya gina sun tsira.

## Manazarta
Giannis Pasas

**Giannis Pasas** (Greek: Γιάννης Πασάς; born 7 October 1990) is a Greek professional footballer who plays as a forward for Super League club AEL.

## Ayyuka

### Panetolikos
Pasas ya fara kwallon kafa a Panetolikos a shekara ta 2008.  A shekara ta 2009, an ba da rancensa ga Akarnanikos .  Har zuwa shekara ta 2014 ya bayyana a wasanni 48 na Panaitolikos inda ya zira kwallaye a lokuta 6.

### Komawa zuwa Iraklis
A ranar 10 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2014 ya sanya hannu a kan Iraklis .  Ya fara buga wa Iraklis wasa a wasan kofin da ya yi da Lamia. A cikin shekaru uku da ya yi tare da kulob din ya buga wasanni 89 tare da kwallaye 7 da 8 .

### Aris
A ranar 27 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2017 Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Aris ta sanar da sanya hannu kan tsohon dan wasan Iraqi.[1] A ranar 28 ga Oktoba 2017 ya zira kwallaye na farko a cikin asarar gida 2-1 a kan Panionios don kofin.[2] Kwanaki uku kawai bayan haka ya zira kwallaye a farkon kakar, nasarar 5-0 a gida a kan Aiginiakos.[3] A ranar 31 ga watan Janairun 2018 ya zira kwallaye a minti na 90 a wasan da ya yi da Veria.[4] A ranar 24 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2018 ya ci kwallo a wasan da ya yi da Kissamikos, bayan da Markos Dounis ya taimaka masa.[5]

### Iraqi
A ranar 8 ga watan Agustan 2018, ya koma Iraklis kan kwangilar shekaru biyu. A ranar 2 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2018, ya zira kwallaye a wasan 3-0 da ya yi da Aittitos Spata.

## Karramawa

* Super League Girka Mafi Kyawun Goal: 2025-26 (Matchday 3) 

## Manazarta
Christian Gärtner

Christian Gärtner (6 ga Mayu 1705 - 31 ga Disamba 1782) wani mai kera na'urar hangen nesa ne na Jamus kuma masanin ilmin taurari, wanda aka san shi da lura da dawowar tauraron Halley a shekarar 1758.

## Farkon rayuwa
An haifi Gärtner a Tolkewitz kusa da Dresden, kuma tun yana yaro yana da sha'awar taurari. Ya sami abin rayuwa a matsayin mai yin fenti da zane, kuma ya kashe kuɗin shigarsa wajen siyan kayan aiki da littattafai na sararin samaniya. Daga baya, ya koyi niƙa ruwan tabarau nasa, ya kuma ƙera da sayar da na'urorin hangen nesa.

A watan Disamba na shekarar 1758 (a lokaci guda tare da Johann Georg Palitzsch ) Gärtner ya lura da dawowar Tauraron Halley, wanda Edmond Halley ya annabta a shekarar 1705.

Gärtner ya mutu a matsayin talaka a shekarar 1782 kuma an binne shi a makabartar Leuben .

## Sunan ma'ana
Ana tunawa da Gärtner da wani rami a kan Wata da kuma a 132445 Gaertner, wani tauraron dan adam.

## Manazarta
Johann Michael Hartung

**Johann Michael Hartung** (3 ga Fabrairu 1708 &#x2013; 13 ga Janairu 1763) wani mai gina sassan jikin Jamus ne kuma fitaccen mutum daga Dürkheim, wani gari a cikin Zaɓen Palatinate .

Shi ɗan mai ginin organ Augustinus Hartung (1677–1739) ne da Sophia Hartung née Schwab. Hartung ya koyi sana'ar a matsayin magajin mahaifinsa a cikin bitar iyali, kuma an rubuta shi a matsayin yana yin aiki mai zaman kansa a 1733. Ya gina organs a Winden a 1746, a Gimmeldingen a 1749, a Enkenbach a 1751, a Haßloch da Rohrbach a 1752, da kuma a Edenkoben da Oberotterbach a 1754. Kwantiraginsa na ƙarshe da aka sani ya kasance tare da Assenheim, a 1759.

Hartung ya auri Anna Barbara Klein a shekarar 1737. Ma'auratan sun haifi 'ya'ya huɗu. Bayan mutuwar matarsa sakamakon zubar da ciki a shekarar 1746, Hartung ya auri Maria Louise Baum a shekarar 1747, wacce ya haifi 'ya'ya tara da ita, daga cikinsu akwai Johann Philipp Hartung (an haife shi a shekarar 1750, ya mutu a shekarar 1806 a Kallstadt ), mai gina organ na ƙarshe a cikin dangin Hartung.

A lokacin mutuwarsa yana da shekaru 54, Hartung ya kasance alkali kuma kansila a Dürkheim.

Hartung kakan Donald Trump ne ta hanyar kakarsa ta uba, Elizabeth Christ . 

## Manazarta
Johann Adolph Hass

**Johann Adolph Rudolph Hass** (an yi masa baftisma a ranar 12 ga Maris 1713, an binne shi a ranar 29 ga Mayu 1771), wanda aka fi sani da **Johann Adolph Hass**, ɗan ƙasar Jamus ne mai ƙera clavichords, harpsichords da kuma wataƙila gaɓoɓin jiki. Shi ɗan Hieronymus Albrecht Hass ne, wanda shi ma ƙera kayan kida na keyboard ne.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Hass a birnin Imperial Free na Hamburg, kuma an yi masa baftisma a ranar 12 ga Maris 1713. Ya zama ɗan ƙasar birnin a ranar 28 ga Oktoba 1746, kuma an shigar da shi ɗakin kasuwanci a shekara mai zuwa. 

Babu ambaton Hass ɗaya kafin 1758, lokacin da Jakob Adlung ya ambaci wani *cembal d'amour* da "Hasse a Hamburg" ya yi.  An ambaci uba da ɗa a cikin fassarar Jamusanci ta Charles Burney ta *The Present State of Music in Germany, Netherlands, da United Provinces* (1773): "Hasse, uba da ɗa, na Hamburg, duka sun mutu; ana neman harpsichord da clavichords ɗinsu sosai".  &#x3A;&#x200A;238&#x200A;Ernst Ludwig Gerber ya faɗi haka a cikin littafinsa na *Historischbiographisches Lexicon* na 1790.  

Hass ya mutu a Hamburg kuma an binne shi a ranar 29 ga Mayu 1771. Wataƙila Johann Christoffer Krogmann, mai gina fortepianos wanda ya auri 'yar Hass Margaretha Catharina ne ya ci gaba da kasuwancinsa. 

## Kayan kida
An tsara kayan aikin Hass da kyau, an gina su da ƙarfi, an yi musu ado mai kyau kuma an gama su da kyau.  &#x3A;&#x200A;238&#x200A;

Ya gina manyan clavichords irin waɗanda mawakan bayan Baroque kamar Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach suka rubuta, tare da kyakkyawan sauti da girma, kuma yana da ikon bayyana *ra'ayi* . 

An san cewa harpsichord na Hass guda takwas sun tsira. Wani babban kayan kida na Johann Adolph mai littattafai guda biyu da saitin igiyoyi guda biyar (16', 2 × 8', 4', 2'), tare da maɓallan halitta na tortoiseshell da kaifi masu kaifi waɗanda aka ɗora a kan hauren giwa, waɗanda aka yi tun daga 1760–1761, kuma yanzu haka yana cikin Tarin Kayan Kiɗa na Jami'ar Yale da ke New Haven, Connecticut . [1] : 312–313 Wani kayan kida da aka yi da hannu guda ɗaya daga shekarar 1764, mai layuka biyu na igiyoyi masu tsawon inci 8 da inci 4, yana cikin tarin Russell da ke Edinburgh . [1] : 313–314 

## Manazarta
Johann Wilhelm Haas

**Johann Wilhelm Haas** (1649 &#x2013; 1723), ƙwararren mai ƙera ƙaho ne kuma mai sassaka ƙaho na Jamus.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife shi a Nuremberg kuma memba ne na dangin Haas na masu kera kayan kida na tagulla . [1] Ana amfani da ƙahonin baroque ɗinsa a kotuna a faɗin Jamus kuma yana yin wasiƙu tare da masu sayar da kaya na kotu game da gyare-gyare da maye gurbinsu. Ya zana sa hannunsa a kan ƙahonin da ya gyara kuma ya maye gurbinsu.

Ya mutu a Nuremberg. 

## Manazarta

* Wasikun Johann Wilhelm Haas  a shafin yanar gizo na "Historic Brass"
Louisa Catharina Harkort

**Louisa Catharina Harkort** (1718–1795), ƙwararren masani ne a fannin ƙarfe na Jamus . Ta kafa kamfanin ƙarfe da fitar da kayayyaki zuwa ƙasashen waje *na Wittib Harkort*, kuma aka san ta da *Die Märckerin* .

Harkort ta auri mai filaye Johann Caspar Harkort na Uku (1716-1760) a shekarar 1748. Ta karɓi kadarorinsa a matsayin bazawara . Tsakanin 1775-80, Harkort ta kafa masana'antar ƙarfe guda biyar kuma ta zama babban mai siyar da ƙarfe, tana fitar da kayayyaki zuwa Rasha da kuma a gefen Ruhr . Gimbiya Abbess ta Essen tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan abokan kasuwancinta . Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a fannin masana'antar yankin Ruhr. [ ana buƙatar ambato ]

## Manazarta

* Christiane Maibach: Louisa Catharina Harkort (1718-1795). Lebenswelt und Handlungsspielraum einer Unternehmerin im späten 18. Jahrhundert. unveröffentlichte Magisterarbeit, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, o. J.
Nia Kurniasih Ardikoesoema

**Nia Kurniasih Ardikoesoema** (Maris 13, 1948 - Afrilu 8, 2018) yar kasar Indonesiya ce mai zane-zane, abin koyi da kuma mai rike da kambun kyau wanda ya fara lashe Miss Universe Indonesia 1974, ita ce mace ta farko daga Indonesia da ta fara fitowa a cikin tarihin Miss Universe . Ardikoesoema ya wakilci Indonesia a gasar Miss Universe 1974 a Manila, Philippines .  

## Rayuwar farko, asali da kuma aiki
An haifi Ardikoesoema a Bandung, Yammacin Java a ranar 13 ga Maris, 1948, ga iyayenta ' yan Sundan .  Ta kammala karatun digirin valedictorian a makarantar firamare da kuma digirin girmamawa a makarantar sakandare. Ta kammala karatun digirin magna cum laude daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Bandung (ITB) tare da gine-gine a matsayin fannin iliminta.  

A ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 2018, da ƙarfe 20:59 na dare, WIB Ardikoesoema ta rasu.   Ta rasu ranar Lahadi, bayan ta yi jinya mai tsanani a Asibitin Santo Borromeus, Bandung, Yammacin Java .   Nia, ɗalibiyar da ta kammala karatunta a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Bandung (ITB) ta rasu tana da shekaru 70 a duniya.   

## Shagali

### Mojang Bandung da Putri Indonesia
Ardikoesoema ta fara shiga duniyar gasar ta hanyar shiga gasar "Mojang Bandung 1973" (wanda aka fi sani da Ratu Jawa Barat a wannan lokacin), [undefined] wata 'yar wasa a gida wacce ta zabi wadanda suka lashe gasar jakadan yawon bude ido na Bandung . [2] [undefined] A lokacin bikin nadin sarauta na karshe, ta lashe kambun, [2] daga baya Ardikoesoema ta sami damar wakiltar Indonesia a gasar Miss Universe 1974 a karkashin jagorancin Andi Nurhayati Beauty, [undefined] wacce ke da lasisin gasar " Putri Indonesia (Gimbiya ta Indonesia) ", [undefined] [3] wacce ta aika mace 'yar Indonesia a matsayin wakilan kasa zuwa gasar kasa da kasa wato Miss Universe da Miss World . [1] [4]

## Manazarta
Henri Hemsch

**Jean-Henri Hemsch** (21 ga Fabrairu 1700 - Satumba 1769), wanda aka fi sani da **Johann Heinrich Hemsch** a Jamusanci (wani rubutun: **Johannes Heinrich Hembsch** ), ƙwararren mai ƙera harpsichord ne ɗan ƙasar Faransa wanda asalinsa Jamus ne .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Hemsch a Kastenholtz, kusa da Cologne, kuma ya koma Faransa a shekara ta 1728 inda ya kammala aikin koyon aiki na shekaru shida a ƙarƙashin Antoine Vater, wani *ƙwararren* mai kera harpsichord na Jamus. Bayan haka, ya kafa nasa bita a Rue Quincampoix, Paris tare da ƙanensa **Guillaume** (1734–1776), kuma ya yi aiki na shekaru biyu a matsayin *juré* na ƙungiyar masu kera kayan kida daga 1746.

Hemsch ya mutu a birnin Paris kuma ɗan uwansa Jean-Henri Moers (1754–1793) ya gaje shi. Ana girmama shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gina harpsichord a yankinsa.

Shida daga cikin harpsichords ɗinsa masu hannu biyu sun tsira:

· wani kayan kida mai tsada da aka yi wa ado da launin ruwan kasa da zinare daga 1736 ( Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha Mai Kyau, Boston )

· wani kayan kida mai farin fenti da fenti na murfi da kuma zinare daga 1751 (wanda a halin yanzu mallakar Frédérick Haas ne)

· wani kayan kida mai launin baƙi da ja mai madaurin zinare daga 1754 (Bayerisches Nationalmuseum)

wani kayan kida mai launin kore da ja mai launin zinare mai laushi daga 1755/6 (ba a san wurin da ake ciki a yanzu ba)

Kayan aiki na baki da ja tare da murfi mara kyau daga 1761 ( Cité de la Musique, Paris )

· wani harpsichord mai kayan ado mai kyau wanda aka yi wa ado da hannu biyu daga 1763 bisa ga harpsichord na 1636 Andrea Ruckers ( Cobbe Collection, Hatchlands Park )

Harpsichord ɗinsa suna kama da na Vater da French a salonsu, tare da littattafai guda biyu, tsarin rajista mai rijista uku tare da haɗin shove, da kuma kamfas na  a kan ɓarna na 1761 da 1763).

## Manazarta

* John Koster: 'Hemsch, Henri [Jean-Henri; Johannes Heinrich Hembsch]', Grove Music ed. L. Macy (An shiga 2007-05-18), http://www.grovemusic.com/ Archived