open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Henry Hyams (masanin gine-gine)

**Henry Hyams** masanin gine-gine Burtaniya ne mai aiki a farkon karni na 20, wanda aka fi sani da ƙirar gidajen cin abinci guda biyu a Devon, da kuma gine-gine biyu a Battersea. Ya kasance malami na Esperanto kuma a yakin duniya na farko, mai ƙin yarda da lamiri.

## Tarihin rayuwa

An bayyana Henry Hyams a cikin Binciken Landan a matsayin "wani mutum mai ban sha'awa amma mai ban shaʼawa".

Hyams ya kasance abokin tarayya a cikin Paignton, Devon aiki Hyams da Hobgen, kuma an lura da shi a matsayin mai tsara gidajen cin abinci guda biyu a cikin gundumar, na farko wani cafe ne na bakin teku don Deller's Supply Stores a Paigntón, na biyu babban zane mai hawa da yawa ga Deller'a a tsakiyar birnin Exeter, an kammala shi a 1916. Harold Clunn a cikin littafinsa na 1929 Famous South Coast Pleasure Resorts Past and Present ya bayyana gidan cin abinci na Paignton a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyau a bakin tekun kudu. Gidan cin abinci na Exeter, wanda aka shimfiɗa a kan bene uku, an yi masa ado da bangon itacen oak na Arts da Crafts da kuma zane-zane masu launi na Art Nouveau. An zaɓi zane na Hyams don gidan cin abinci na Exeter don baje kolin bazara na Royal Academy a shekarar 1922. 

Hyams da Hobgen suma suna da alhakin gidan hoto na Paignton, gini na 1914 kuma yanzu mafi tsufa da aka gina a Turai.

Hyams ya kasance a shekara ta 1922 ɗan'uwan Royal Institute of British Architects kuma a 1927 ya zama memba na Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Tsarin.

Hyams kuma yana da alaƙa da gine-gine da yawa a Battersea, London, musamman 1924 Holgate Avenue's flats;  sake gina ƙaramin zauren Battersea Town Hall na 1926;  1924 Battersea Reference Library; [1] da 1925-1927 Electric House a kan Lavender Hill. An nada Hyams a matsayin mukamin wucin gadi a Majalisar Battersea Borough a 1924, wanda aka canza shi zuwa matsayi na dindindin shekaru uku bayan haka, duk da cewa an yi watsi da Hyams shekaru uku bayan hakan.

## Rubuce-rubuce

* *Nova Sento* (1915) - soyayya ta falsafa a cikin Esperanto ta Tagulo,  sunan Hyams (review ) 
* **' - Mai Gina, 16 Satumba 1921, shafuffuka 346-347
* **' - The Architect, 30 Disamba 1921, shafuka 395-396
* **' - Mai Gina, 11 ga Agusta 1922, shafi na 193
* The **' - The Architect, 10 Nuwamba 1922, shafuffuka 338-339

## Manazarta
Ƙalubalen Rossetti

**Reto Rossetti** (11 ga Afrilu 1909 - 20 ga Satumba 1994) mawaki ne na Burtaniya kuma farfesa ne na Esperantist . Ya kasance Italiyanci-Switzerland kuma ya riƙe 'yancinsa, kodayake ya rayu duk rayuwarsa a Burtaniya. Ayyukansa na sana'a a matsayin malami a kwalejojin fasaha ya ƙare a matsayin Shugaban sashen ilimin fasaha a Jami'ar Bristol. Babban ɗan'uwansa shi ne Cezaro Rossetti, marubucin *[[Kredu min, sinjorino!]]*  (Ka yi imani da ni, Ma'am!). Ya mutu a Gosport.

## Rayuwa mai ban sha'awa
Waƙoƙinsa sun bayyana a cikin aikin da aka rubuta, *[[Kvaropo]]* (*Quartet*). Waƙoƙin Rossetti sun bayyana a cikin jaridar Esperanto (jarida).

Tare da ɗan'uwansa, Cezaro Rossetti (Caesar) ya rubuta kuma ya kwatanta 'The Moc Gonnogal' - tarin waƙoƙi da aka rubuta a matsayin yaudara akan aikin mawaki na Scotland William McGonnogal .

Sauran ayyukansa sune: Mestizo de l' Mondo (Mestizo of the World), tarin waƙoƙi; El la *[[El la Maniko|Maniko]]* (Out of my Sleeve); da *[[Pinta krajono]]* (Sharp Pencil), tarin litattafai. Babban fassararsa shine *Otelo* (*Othello*) na Shakespeare. Rossetti ya yi fassarori da yawa daga waƙoƙin Ingilishi. Ya kasance edita kuma babban abokin aiki a kan *Angla Antologio* .

Uku daga cikin ayyukansa suna kan William Auld's Basic Esperanto Reading List: El la *[[El la maniko|Maniko]]*, *[[33 Rakontoj]]*, *[[Pinta krajono]]* .

## Ayyuka

### Na asali a cikin Esperanto

* *[[Oazo]]* (tarin waka a *[[Kvaropo]]* (1952)) 
* *[[Mestizo de l' Mondo|Mestizo na Mondo]]*
* El la *[[El la maniko|Maniko]]* (tarin litattafai, 1955) 
* *[[Pinta krajono]]* (tarin waƙoƙi, 1959) 

## Haɗin waje

* ** (a cikin Esperanto) ** Takaitaccen tarihin rayuwa.
* ** (a cikin Esperanto) ** Sperto ya yi akrigas. Binciken 'yan uwan Rossetti na Baldur Ragnarsson, wanda aka buga a *[[Juna Amiko]]*.
Monique Andréas Esoavelomandroso

**Monique Andréas Esoavelomandroso** (18 ga Agusta 1945 - 17 Maris 2025) 'yar siyasar ƙasar Malagasy ce.

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Esoavelomandroso a Fort-Dauphin (yanzu Tôlanaro) a kudu maso gabashin Madagascar kuma ta girma a birnin Tuléar na gabar tekun yamma (yanzu Toliara), inda ta sami ilimin addini a Cocin Lutheran. Ta cancanci zama mai binciken kuɗi bayan ta yi karatu a Paris da kuma Jami'ar Pittsburgh, kuma ta rubuta bincike kan alƙaluman alƙaluman Madagascar. Ta auri Manassé Esoavelomandroso, shugaban jam'iyyar Leader Fanilo.

Ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin minista a gwamnatocin Malagasy tsakanin shekarun 1971 da 2004. Muƙamanta sun haɗa da ma'aikatun zane-zane na karkara, kuɗi da tattalin arziki, yawan jama'a (gami da kula da harkokin mata da yara tsakanin shekarun 1977 da 1993) da kuma kasafin kuɗi da rarraba iko. Shugaba Marc Ravalomanana ya naɗa ta a matsayin sakatariyarsa na harkokin rarraba iko da ci gaban larduna masu cin gashin kansu a shekarar 2002. A shekarar 2004, an naɗa ta babbar sakatariya na Hukumar Tekun Indiya,  wacce ta yi aiki har zuwa shekara ta 2008.

Daga baya an naɗa Esoavelomandroso na wa'adin shekaru shida a matsayin Ombudsman na Jamhuriyar Madagascar, tare da alhakin wakiltar muradun 'yan ƙasar Madagascar ta hanyar bincike da magance koke-koken rashin shugabanci ko keta haƙƙoƙi.  Naɗin nata bai kasance ba tare da wata ce-ce-ku-ce ba, domin aurenta da wani babban ɗan siyasan adawa ya haifar da damuwa game da iyawarta ta yin aiki a matsayin mai shiga tsakani na tsaka-tsaki.

Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar ƙungiyar "Avoty ny Ankizy" (Save the Children) da kuma Ƙungiyar Masu Kula da Baitulmali ta Mata.

An yi wa Esoavelomandroso fitaccen ɗan wasa a gasar Grand Croix, ajin 2 na ƙungiyar Malagasy Legion of Honor a ranar 12 ga watan Afrilu, 2021.

Esoavelomandroso ta mutu a ranar 17 ga watan Maris 2025, tana da shekaru 79.

## Manazarta
E. Clark Stillman

**Ezra Clark Stillman** (1907-1995) ya tsara ka'idoji don cirewa da daidaita ƙamus na Interlingua. A cikin 1937, Stillman ya maye gurbin William Edward Collinson a matsayin Darakta na Bincike a Ƙungiyar Harshen Taimako ta Duniya (IALA), wanda ya gabatar da Interlingua ga jama'a a cikin 1951. 

Stillman, wanda ya goyi bayan tsarin halitta ga Interlinguistics, ya sake farfado da amincewa da rashin son kai na aikin IALA. Lokacin da Yaƙin Duniya na II ya tilasta wa Ƙungiyar ta koma New York, Stillman ya kafa sabon ma'aikatan ƙasa da ƙasa a can kuma ya jagoranci bincike mai zurfi na harshe har sai da ya sami matsayi tare da Ma'aikatar Jiha a 1942. Alexander Gode ne ya gaje shi a IALA.

Baya ga sa hannu a cikin IALA, ya yi aiki ga Gidauniyar Ilimi ta Amurka ta Belgium kuma ya tattara littattafai masu ban mamaki. Ya kuma kasance abokin tarayya a cikin kamfanin sayar da littattafai mai ban sha'awa Lathrop C. Harper Inc. kuma an nuna tarin littattafansa a cikin ɗakin karatu na Pierpoint Morgan . 

Stillman ya mutu a Birnin New York bayan dogon gwagwarmaya da ciwon daji.

## Manazarta
Victor Sadler

**Victor Sadler** (1937-2020) ɗan asalin ƙasar Birtaniya ne.

## Sadler da Esperanto
Victor Sadler ya koyi Esperanto lokacin da yake dan shekara 14, a shekara ta 1951.

Digirinsa na farko ya kasance a cikin ilimin halayyar gwaji a Jami'ar Cambridge sannan ya biyo bayan PhD mai taken haihuwar murya na tsawon lokaci, tsananin da mahimman mitar sauti na roba daga Kwalejin Jami'ar London a shekarar 1962. 

A ƙarshen wannan shekarar ya fara aiki a babban ofishin Ƙungiyar Esperanto ta Duniya (UEA), a Rotterdam (Netherlands), inda ya kula da mujallar Esperanto . Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin editan *[[Monda Kulturo]]*, a lokacin gajeren rayuwar wannan lokaci, kuma ya kula da ɗakin karatu na Hector Hodler, wanda har yanzu yana ɗaya daga cikin ɗakunan karatu na Esperanto mafi arziki a duniya.

A shekara ta 1968 ya bi Marianne H. Vermaas a matsayin Babban Darakta na Ƙungiyar Esperanto ta Duniya . Akiko Uxusink-Nagata ya taimaka masa ya gyara mujallar La Monda Lingvo-Problemo har zuwa 1970; a cikin 1974 sabon editan, Simo Milojeviĉ ya karɓi aikin.

A wannan lokacin, Sadler ya kuma kula da shirya taron duniya da yawa na Esperanto. Ya yi murabus a shekarar 1983.

Sadler ya rubuta littattafan adabi a Esperanto; a cikin 1968 ya sami kyautar Arĝenta Sprono godiya ga tarin waƙoƙinsa *[[Memkritiko]]* ("karkatar da kai"), kodayake gabatarwar aikin ya ce asalin rubutun ne da ya samu a cikin ɗakin karatu.

A shekara ta 1986 an zabe shi memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na UEA, wanda ke da alhakin kudi; duk da haka dole ne ya yi murabus a watan Maris na shekara ta 1987 saboda dalilai na kiwon lafiya.

Ya shiga aikin fassarar harshe a cikin 1985 tare da alhakin ci gaban ƙamus na harshe (Esperanto) gabaɗaya da ƙamus na Turanci-Esperanto musamman. 

Sadler ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Esperanto, kungiyar da ke tattara shahararrun masana harsunan Esperanto kuma suna kula da juyin halitta na harshe.

## Manazarta
Horace Barks

**Horace Barks**, OBE (1895-1983) ɗan siyasan Labour ne na Burtaniya. Ya kasance Lord Mayor na Stoke-on-Trent a cikin 1951-2 . 

An haifi Barks a Ipsones a cikin ƙauyen Staffordshire kuma ya fito ne daga asalin ma'aikata. Kwarewarsa a yakin duniya na ya bar shi da imani mai zaman lafiya da gogewar ayyukan jirgin kasa. Bayan yaƙin ya zama Mai tsaron jirgin kasa kuma, a cikin 1921, memba na Jam'iyyar Labour, jam'iyya mai rinjaye a Stoke-on-Trent a cikin karni na ashirin. An zabe shi a matsayin wakilin majalisa a 1930 kuma ya zama Alderman a 1948. Ya yi aiki a matsayin magajin gari a shekara ta 1951-52. 

Sha'awar al'adu ta Barks sun haɗa da Esperanto da marubucin Arnold Bennett . Barks da ɗansa Guy sun kasance masu aiki a cikin Arnold Bennett Society, wanda ke zaune a Stoke-on-Trent. An sanya sunan ɗakin karatu a cikin birni bayan Barks.

## Esperanto
Barks ya shiga cikin farawa a Kwalejin Tunawa da Wedgwood a Barlaston, wanda ya kasance muhimmiyar cibiyar ilimin Esperanto.

Ta hanyar tasirin Barks mashaya na gida a Smallthorne, Stoke-on-Trent, ya sami sunan "The Green Star" (alama ta Esperanto) da Alamar Esperanto "La Verda Stelo". An ambaci shi a cikin waka ta Raymond Schwartz .  Smallthorne kuma tana da titin da ake kira bayan Zamenhof . 

## Manazarta
Marjorie Boulton

**Marjorie Boulton** (7 ga Mayu 1924 - 30 ga Agusta 2017) marubuciya ce kuma mawakiyar Burtaniya da ke rubutawa a Turanci da Esperanto . 

## Tarihin rayuwa

Marjorie Boulton ta yi karatun Turanci a Kwalejin Somerville, Oxford inda CS Lewis da JR Tolkien suka koya mata. Ta kasance dan takarar Kyautar Nobel a cikin wallafe-wallafen a shekara ta 2008. 

Ta koyar da wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi a cikin horar da malamai kuma (daga 1962 zuwa 1970) a matsayin shugabar kwaleji na shekaru 24 kafin ta juya zuwa cikakken lokaci bincike da rubutu. Ita sananniyar marubuciya ce a Esperanto . Boulton a shekarunta na baya ta kasance shugabar kungiyoyi biyu na Esperanto, Kat-amikaro  da ODES.

Boulton ta kasance memba mai aiki a Ƙungiyar Esperanto ta Duniya (UEA), Ƙungiyar Esperanto ta Burtaniya (EAB) da ƙungiyoyin Esperanto da yawa, da kuma wakilin UEA, inda ta ba da laccoci, ta koyar, kuma ta rubuta labarai.

Daga 1957 zuwa 1962, ta zama sakatariyar Jami'ar bazara ta Duniya (ISU), wanda ke faruwa a kowace shekara a matsayin wani ɓangare na Taron Duniya na Esperanto . Daga 1961 zuwa 1967, ta kasance sakatariyar Hukumar Esperanto World Federation (UEA) don jarrabawar kasa da kasa. Shekaru 25, ta gudanar da darussan Esperanto na rani a Barlaston, kudu da Stoke-on-Trent . Ta kasance shugabar kungiyar Malaman Esperanto na Burtaniya (1969) kuma memba ne na Akademio de Esperanto tun daga shekara ta 1967.

## Manazarta
Ellen Kate Limouzin

**Ellen Kate Limouzin** (27 ga Oktoba 1870 - 21 ga Yuni 1950) ta kasance 'yar Burtaniya ce, mai zaman kanta, mai wasan kwaikwayo na Gidan kiɗa, marubuciya kuma mai magana da Esperanto . Ita ce kawun marubucin George Orwell kuma an san ta da "Nellie" ko "Hélène".

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Limouzin a shekara ta 1870 a Moulmein, Burma, inda ta kasance yarinta. Ta kasance rabin Faransanci da rabi Ingilishi. Ƙaramar 'yar'uwar Limouzin Ida Mabel Blair (née Limouzin) ta zama mahaifiyar Eric Arthur Blair, wanda aka fi sani da George Orwell .  Bayan sun ƙaura daga Burma zuwa Burtaniya, Limouzin da 'yan uwanta mata sun halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Bedford daga Satumba 1886. 

## Gwagwarmaya da aiki a Burtaniya
Limouzin ta haɓaka abota da yawancin 'yan hagu na Ingila, marubuta da masu fafutuka, kamar Edith Nesbit, Conrad Noel, Emmeline Pankhurst,  Sylvia Pankhurst,  Francis Westrope da Myfanwy Westrope.  Akwai hoton da ba a san shi ba tare da 'yan uwan Pankhurst, wanda aka ɗauka a 1906-1909 a Embankment a London.

## Esperanto
Limouzin ya koyi Esperanto, harshen da aka fi magana da shi a duniya. Ta shiga kungiyar Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda (SAT, Turanci: World Anational Association) da zaran an kafa ta a 1921. Ta sadu da wanda ya kafa kungiyar kuma ɗan'uwanta Esperantist Eugène Adam, wanda aka fi sani da Eugène Lanti,  lokacin da suka halarci tarurruka na Ƙungiyar Kwaminisanci a lokacin 3rd SAT Congress a Kassel, Jamus a 1923. Kamar Limouzin, ya kasance kwaminisanci ne, kuma ya kasance mai juyin juya hali a Petrograd a lokacin Juyin Juya Halin Rasha a shekarar 1917. Ma'auratan gina zaune tare a matsayin abokai a 1926,   kuma sun yi aure a 1931 a Paris. Yayinda yake zaune a Paris tare da Lanti a lokacin les Années folles, Limouzin ya ba da gudummawa ga mujallu na siyasa, ya rubuta wasiƙu ga jaridu kuma ya rubuta labarai a Esperanto ta amfani da sunan E.K.L.

## Manazarta
Anna Löwenstein

**Anna Löwenstein** (wanda aka fi sani da **Lowenstein**; an haife ta a shekara ta 1951) 'yar asalin Burtaniya ce. Ta yi aiki ga Ƙungiyar Esperanto ta Duniya daga 1977-1981. A karkashin sunan **Anna Brennan**, ta kafa kuma ta kasance edita na mujallar mata *Sekso kaj Egaleco* 1979-1988,  kuma ta shirya sashin 'harshe mai sauƙi' na Kontakto 1983-1986. Ta rubuta wasu wadanda ba na almara ba, da kuma litattafai biyu. Littafin tarihinta The Stone City  (La Ŝtona Urbo), an fara buga shi a Turanci da Esperanto a cikin 1999, kuma tun daga lokacin an fassara shi zuwa Faransanci (2010) da Hungarian (2014). Littafinta na biyu Morto de artisto  (2008) an buga shi a cikin Esperanto . An san ta sosai a matsayin 'yar jarida, malama kuma mai fafutuka a cikin ƙungiyar Esperanto, kuma ta kasance memba na Kwalejin Esperanto tun shekara ta 2001.

Anna tana da kwarewar sama da shekaru 20 a koyar da Esperanto.

Ita ce gwauruwar Renato Corsetti, tsohon shugaban kungiyar Esperanto ta Duniya . Ma'auratan sun zauna tare a Italiya daga 1981, amma tun daga 2015 sun zauna a Ingila.

Mahaifinta shi ne ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Heinz Bernard .

## Manazarta
Harry W. Holmes

**Harry William Holmes** OBE, (1896 a Landan-8 Nuwamba 1986 a London) ya kasance memba na kwamitin kuma shugaban girmamawa na Ƙungiyar Esperanto ta Duniya (Universala Esperanto-Asocio, UEA). Ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Biritaniya tare da matsayi na soja na Brigadier kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta Order of the British Empire a 1955 don nuna godiya ga ayyukan da ya yi wa Burtaniya. Holmes kuma Freemason ne.

Shi da matarsa Nora Holmes (1902-14 *namu* 1993) sun kasance shekaru ashirin daga cikin mambobin Esperanto Club na London; ya yi aiki a matsayin shugabanta daga 1933 har zuwa 1952. A wannan mukamin, kamar yadda yake a cikin editan *Komuna kantlibro*, littafin sanannun waƙoƙi, matarsa Nora ta taimaka kuma ta haɗa kai da shi har zuwa irin wannan matakin da yake magana akai-akai game da "shugabancinmu".

A shekarar 1956, an zaɓe shi mataimakin shugaban ƙungiyar Esperanto ta duniya, inda ya riƙe muƙamin har zuwa 1964. Bayan mutuwar Shugaba Giorgio Canuto a shekarar 1960, Holmes ya kasance shugaban riƙo har zuwa 1962, lokacin da aka zaɓi Farfesa Hideo Yagi don ya gaji Farfesa Canuto. Bayan rasuwar Farfesa Yagi a shekarar 1964, Holmes ya sake zama shugaban riƙo na ɗan lokaci. A taron Majalisar Esperanto ta Duniya karo na 49, don girmama aikinsa mara gajiya da kuma hidimar da ya yi wa ƙungiyar, an zaɓe shi gaba ɗaya a matsayin shugaban girmamawa na ƙungiyar UEA, matsayin da ya riƙe tsawon shekaru goma. A shekarar 1974, saboda canje-canje a Kwamitin Gudanarwa na ƙungiyar UEA *(Estraro)*, ya yi murabus daga shugabancinta na girmamawa.

Ayyukan Harry Holmes na ƙarshe, *Londono Vokas* ("London Calling"), wanda aka buga a 1981, ya danganta tarihin shekaru 75 na London Esperanto Club . 

## Manazarta
Phetogo Molawa

**Phetogo Molawa** ita ce matukin jirgi mai saukar ungulu mace bakar fata ta farko a Afirka ta Kudu a rundunar sojin saman Afirka ta Kudu da kuma rundunar tsaron kasa ta Afirka ta Kudu .   A halin yanzu kyaftin ce a rundunar sojin saman Afirka ta Kudu.  A shekarar 2018 ta zama mace ta farko kuma bakar fata ta farko da ta karbi ragamar jagorancin rundunar sojin saman Afirka ta Kudu; musamman, ta zama sabuwar kwamanda a sansanin sojin saman Afirka ta Kudu da ke Port Elizabeth . 

An haife ta a Thaba Nchu kusa da Bloemfontein a shekarar 1986 [1] kuma ta shiga rundunar sojin saman Afirka ta Kudu bayan ta bar makaranta. [2]

## Manazarta
Jeanine Belkhodja

**Jeanine** **Nadjia Belkhodja** (2 April 1928 – 27 October 2013) was an Algerian doctor, communist and National Liberation Front (Algeria) activist during the Algerian War. She later became a professor of obstetrics and gynaecology at Mustapha Pacha hospital in Algiers.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Jeanine Nadjia Belkhodja a ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 1928 a Algiers, Faransa Algeria daga iyali gauraye.  Mahaifiyarta ' yar asalin ƙasar Corsican ce da ta yi ƙaura zuwa Algeria, kuma mahaifinta ya fito daga dangin Kabylie waɗanda suka koma Katolika .    Mace ce mai bin addinin Katolika.  

Belkhodja ta kammala karatun digirinta na likitanci a shekarar 1955.  Bayan kammala karatunta ta yi aikin likitanci na sa kai tare da Ƙungiyar Matasan Aljeriya don Ayyukan Jama'a tare da Pierre Chaulet, Alice Cherki da André Mandouze . 

Belkhodja ta shiga ƙungiyar 'Yantar da Aljeriya (FLN) don fafutukar neman 'yancin kai daga Faransa a lokacin Yaƙin Aljeriya, tana aika magunguna da takardu ga ƙungiyar masu fafutukar a cikin ganga mai ta hanyar 'yan'uwan Tamzali. [1] An kama ta a ranar 14 ga Maris 1957 ta hannun "Green Berets." An azabtar da ita a Villa Susini kuma an daure ta a gidan yarin Barberousse . [2] [3] A shari'arta, an zargi Belkhodja da yin abubuwan fashewa, an yanke mata hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku na shekaru 5 kuma aka kai ta ƙasar Faransa. [4] [5] Belkhodja ta yi tafiya zuwa Tunisiya, inda ta shiga FLN ta kuma yi wa 'yan Algeria (mayaƙa) da 'yan gudun hijira magani a Asibitin Seddiki da kuma kan iyakar Aljeriya da Tunisiya a cikin tsarin gwamnatin riƙon ƙwarya ta Jamhuriyar Aljeriya . [6] [4] A shekarar 1959, ta ƙirƙiri cibiyar da za a gina sansanin 'yan tawaye. [6]

Bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Aljeriya, Belkhodja ta koma Aljeriya a shekarar 1962.  An tura ta zuwa ga Hukumar Kula da Wucin Gadi ta kuma shiga Yankin Algiers na Biyu Mai Zaman Kanta, karkashin jagorancin Ali Lounici da Boualem Oussedik . Daga baya ta yi aikin likitanci a asibitin Mustapha Bacha da ke Algiers kuma ta zama farfesa a fannin kula da mata da haihuwa. 

Belkhodja ta zama mai fafutuka a cikin Ƙungiyar Matan Aljeriya (UNFA) kuma ta sami damar ba da magungunan hana haihuwa ta hanyar ƙungiyar tsara iyali ta UNFA a ƙarƙashin hujjar binciken kimiyya.  Ta kuma kasance memba na Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Zamantakewa ta Ƙasa (CNES). 

Belkhodja ta mutu a ranar 27 ga Oktoba, 2013 a gundumar 13 ta birnin Paris, Faransa.   An mayar da gawarta zuwa Aljeriya kuma aka binne ta a makabartar Sidi M'Hamed. 

## Manazarta
Johanita Ndahimananjara

**Johanita Bénédicte Ndahimananjara** (an haife ta a ranar 5 ga watan Yuni, 1960 a Maroantsetra) likita ce kuma 'yar siyasa a ƙasar Madagascar. Ita 'yar majalisar dattawa ce ta Madagascar mai wakiltar Analanjirofo, kuma 'yar jam'iyyar AVI ce.  Ita ce

* Ministar Albarkatun Ruwa a gwamnatin Roger Kolo (Afrilu 2014 - 2016) 
* Ministar Lafiya na Madagascar (2016 -). 

Ta kuma kasance Ministar Muhalli. 

## Manazarta
Danielle Georgette Reddé

Danielle Georgette Reddé MBE (7 ga Oktoba 1911 - 16 ga Yuli 2007), wanda aka fi sani da Camille Fournier ko Édith Daniel, memba ne na adawa da Faransa a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II . An ba ta lambobin yabo ciki har da lambar yabo ta Burtaniya, Croix de Guerre, Medal na Escapees, Légion d'Honneur da Resistance Medal saboda hidimarta.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Reddé a ranar 7 ga Oktoba 1911 a Châtillon-sur-Seine a Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Faransa. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai buga takardu, sannan a Postes, Télégraphes et Téléphones daga 1932, an sanya ta Dijon da Lyon.

## Ayyukan soja

### Yaƙin Duniya na II
A lokacin Gwamnatin soja ta Jamus a Faransa da aka mamaye a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Reddé ya yi aiki a matsayin mai aika saƙo ga Pat O'Leary Line na adawar Faransa. Ta kuma taimaka wajen samun 'yan gudun hijira na Faransa, Belgium da Birtaniya daga Faransa zuwa Spain ta hanyar samar musu da tufafi da abinci.

A watan Maris na shekara ta 1943, Reddé ya tsere zuwa Spain tare da memba na adawa na Australiya Nancy Wake da wasu 'yan gudun hijira tara da suka tsere daga kurkuku a Castres,  suna haye tsaunukan Pyrenees da ƙafa.  Reddé daga nan ya yi tafiya ta hanyar Perpignan, Barcelona, Madrid da Gibraltar zuwa Greenock, Scotland,  sannan zuwa London, Ingila.  A Landan, an dauki Reddé a cikin Babban Ofishin Lantarki da Ayyuka da kuma Sojojin Faransanci, wanda ya zama *Mataimakin Mata* (Corps Auxilaire Feminin).   Dan siyasar Faransa da kuma Colonel Pierre de Chevigné ne ya zaba ta don a horar da ita a cikin sadarwa ta rediyo ta Ofishin Tsakiya na Bayanai da Ayyuka (BCRA), wanda ke aiki a gudun hijira. Ta horar da ita a watan Yunin 1943,  tare da wasu mata biyu, Eugénie Grüner da Yvonne Gittus . Lambar sabis na Reddé ita ce 17213.

### Indochina

Reddé ya yi *Aiki* a matsayin mai aiki da rediyo a lokacin Operation *Cantry,* wanda ke da niyyar dawowa da taimakawa 'yan ƙasar Faransa da Allied da kuma mayar da su Turai. Bayan karshen aikinta, ta yi aiki na wata shekara da rabi a ofishin Tarihin Fasaha a Saigon .  Ta koma Faransa a watan Agustan shekara ta 1947 kuma an dakatar da ita.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Reddé ya auri Charles de Mourgues a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba 1958 a Châtillon, Hauts-de-Seine, Faransa. Suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu da ɗa tare.

## Mutuwa da tunawa
Reddé ya mutu a ranar 16 ga Yulin 2007 a Le Puy-Sainte-Réparade a Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Faransa, yana da shekaru 95.  Ana tunawa da ita a wurin Tunawa da Tempsford, gidan tsohon tashar Royal Air Force RAF Tempsford . 

## Kyaututtuka

* Medal na Daular Burtaniya (United Kingdom) 
* Medal na mulkin mallaka (Faransa) 
* Gicciye na Mai Yaƙi (Faransa) 
* Medal na tunawa don aikin sa kai a Free France (Faransa) 
* Gicciye na Yaƙi (Croix de Guerre 1939-1945 da Gicciye yaƙi na wuraren wasan kwaikwayo na waje. Faransa) 
* Medal na Tserewa (Faransa) 
* Rundunar girmamawa (Faransa) 
* Medal na soja (Faransa) 
* Order of the Million Elephants da White Parasol (Mulkin Laos) 
* Medal na Resistance (Faransa) 

An kuma ba da shawarar Reddé don Cross na Soja (United Kingdom),  amma an nada shi memba na Order of the British Empire (MBE) a 1946. 

## Manazarta
Abin tunawa ga Mata na Yaƙin Duniya na II

**Abin tunawa ga Matan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu** wani abin tunawa ne na yaƙin ƙasa na Burtaniya wanda ke kan Whitehall a Landan kusa da Cenotaf a ƙarshen titin Downing . Mutum-mutumin yana wakiltar gudummawar mata sama da miliyan bakwai a lokacin yaƙi, ciki har da 650,000 waɗanda suka shiga aikin soja. Tsawonsa  tagulla mai tsayi mai zurfi kamar akwatin tufafi wanda ke wakiltar kiran Winston Churchill na 'Bari Mata Su Zo Gaba',  ra'ayin shine mata sun bar rayuwarsu ta yau da kullun don yin gwagwarmayar rayuwa a duk wani matsayi da ake buƙata. John W. Mills ne ya sassaka abin tunawa, wanda shi kansa wanda aka kora a lokacin yaƙi ne ya sassaka abin tunawa lokacin da mahaifiyarsa ta shiga aikin kashe gobara.

Sarauniya Elizabeth ta Biyu ce ta buɗe tagullar a watan Yulin 2005, bikin cika shekaru 60 na Ranar VE . Sarauniyar matashiya ce makaniki kuma direba a Sashen Taimako na Yankin Mata, rundunar sojojin mata. An gudanar da tara kuɗi ta hanyar asusun agaji na Memorial to Women of WWII, wanda shugaban majalisar tarayya Baroness Boothroyd ne ya jagoranta. Anne, Princess Royal mataimakiyar mai tallafawa ce, haka ma mawakiyar lokacin yaƙi Dame Vera Lynn . Asusun Tunawa da Gado na Ƙasa ya biya mafi yawan aikin. Boothroyd ya kuma tara kuɗi da tallafin jama'a a shirin wasan *Who Want Wants To Be a Millionaire?* . Biyu ne kawai daga cikin amintattun agaji na asali suka rage. 'Yar jarida Peri Langdale ta bi kamfen ɗin tsawon shekaru takwas, tana yin shirye-shirye biyu ga ITV Tyne Tees game da aikin.

## Asalin
An gabatar da ra'ayin gina abin tunawa ne tare da Manjo David McNally Robertson mai ritaya a shekarar 1997, wanda aka sanar da shi cewa, yayin da ƙasashe da yawa ke da abin tunawa na ƙasa ga aikin da mata suka yi a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, Birtaniya ba ta yi ba. [1] Yaƙin neman zaɓen da ya gabata ya takaita ne kawai ga ƙoƙarin samar da kuɗi don wani allo a Ministan York tare da Robertson, da tsoffin 'yan bindiga Edna Storr da Mildred Veal waɗanda ke jagorantar kamfen ɗin. [2] Sun kafa asusun tara kuɗi tare da Bill Moralee da Peri Langdale, 'yar jarida kuma mai shirya shirye-shiryen shirin ITV. Kakakin Majalisar Wakilai Betty Boothroyd, Dame Vera Lynn da Princess Royal sun shiga. [1] Boothroyd ya zama mai kula da asusun, tare da Dame Vera da Princess Royal a matsayin mataimakan masu kula da su. Sauran mataimakan masu kula da su sune John Grogan, 'yar majalisar Selby ; Hugh Bayley, 'yar majalisar birnin York ; Baroness Finlay na Llandaff da Robert Crawford . [3]

Jama'a sun tara sama da fam 300,000. Asusun Tunawa da Gado na Ƙasa ya ba da fam 934,115 don kuɗin sassaken tagulla don bikin cika shekaru 25 da kafuwa,  yayin da Baroness Boothroyd ta tara fam 8,000 wadda ta zaɓi asusun a lokacin da ta fito a shirin wasan kwaikwayo na *Who Want To Be a Millionaire?* a shekarar 2002.  An tara sauran kuɗin ta Asusun Tunawa da Matan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, wani asusun agaji da ke York . 

## Zane

## Manazarta
Christine Razanamahasoa

**Christine Harijaona Razanahasoa** 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Madagascar. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Shari'a tsakanin shekarun 2009 da 2013, kuma ta zama shugabar Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasar Madagascar daga watan Fabrairu zuwa watan Mayu 2014, inda ta zama mace ta farko da ta hau wannan matsayi.  An sake zaɓenta a ranar 16 ga watan Yuli 2019. 

Christine Razanamahasoa lauya ce ta ilimi. 

A ranar 17 ga watan Maris, 2009, sakamakon rikicin siyasa na Madagascar na 2009, an cire shugaba Marc Ravalomanana daga muƙaminsa, kuma aka kafa Babbar Hukumar Canjin Mulki, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Andry Rajoelina. Babbar hukumar miƙa mulki ta zaɓi Rajoelina shugaban Madagascar, kuma Albert Camille Vital ya zama Firayim Minista kuma ya kafa gwamnati. Christine Razanahasoa ta zama Ministar Shari'a a wannan gwamnatin. A ranar 28 ga watan Oktoba, 2011, Rajoelina ta kori gwamnati ta nemi Omer Beriziky ya kafa sabuwar gwamnati. Razanahasoa ta shiga sabuwar gwamnati, kuma a ranar 31 ga watan Oktoba, 2013 ta yi murabus kuma Florent Rakotoarisoa ta maye gurbinta.  Dalilin murabus ɗinta shine tana da niyyar shiga cikin zaɓuka na ƙasa masu zuwa.

A shekarar 2013, an zaɓe ta a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa daga Gundumar Ambatofindrarahana, wacce ke wakiltar jam'iyyar MAPAR, wacce tsohon shugaban ƙasa Andry Rajoelina ya kafa.   A ranar 5 ga watan Mayu 2014, majalisar ta zaɓi sabon shugaban ƙasa, sannan ta kori Razanahasoa. Babbar Kotun Tsarin Mulki daga baya ta tabbatar da cewa zaɓen ya kasance na halal.  Ta ci gaba da zama mataimakiya kuma mai kula da MAPAR na ƙasa. A watan Maris na 2024, Babbar Kotun Tsarin Mulki (HCC) ta ayyana korar Christine Razanahasoa daga matsayinta na mataimakiya "tare da dukkan sakamakon shari'a". 

## Manazarta
Arisoa Razafitrimo

**Arisoa Lala Razafitrimo** (an haife ta a ranar 26 ga watan Afrilu 1954) 'yar siyasa ce 'yar ƙasar Madagascar wacce ta kasance Ministar Harkokin Waje ta ƙasar Madagascar daga shekarun 2014 zuwa 2015.  Ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Madagascar. 

## Manazarta
Manon Tardon

**Yvonne Renée **Manon Tardon****, wacce aka fi sani da Manon Tarton  (17 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1913-23 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 1989) ta kasance mai mallakar ƙasa kuma mai fafutukar adawa da Faransa daga Martinique, wacce ta kasance daya daga cikin mata kawai da suka kasance a lokacin da aka mika wuya ga Nazi Jamus. An ba ta lambar yabo ta croix de guerre tare da dabino na vermeil saboda aikin soja a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu .

## Tarihin rayuwa

An haifi Tardon a ranar 17 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1913 a Fort-de-France .  Iyayenta sune Asthon Tardon (1882-1944) da Berthe Marie Waddy (1887-1961) kuma ita ce ta uku cikin yara biyar a cikin iyali mai arziki, mai girma, Creole. Mahaifinta mai mallakar ƙasa ne kuma ya kasance Magajin garin Le Prêcheur na shekaru da yawa, kuma babban mashawarcin Martinique. Ɗan'uwanta, Raphaël Tardon, mawaki ne kuma marubuci, wanda tsibirin ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi. Iyalin sun zauna a Anse Couleuvre a Le Prêcheur . 

A lokacin da yake da shekaru 15, shekaru uku da suka gabata fiye da yadda aka saba, Tardon ya wuce jarrabawar Baccalaureate. A shekara ta 1929 ta koma Paris tare da mahaifiyarta da 'yan uwanta,  inda ta shiga Sorbonne don nazarin Tarihi. A wannan lokacin ta sadu da mijinta na gaba, Jack Sainte-Luce Banchelin .  Sun yi aure a shekara ta 1936, kuma suna da 'ya'ya biyu, daya daga cikinsu ya mutu tun yana jariri. An haifi ɗansu mai rai, Pierre, a shekara ta 1942.

Ya riga ya zama mataimakin mata a cikin Auxiliaires féminines de l'Armée de terre (AFAT), [1] a cikin 1944 Tardon ya shiga cikin Sojojin Faransa. [2] Ta shiga cikin cibiyoyin adawa daban-daban na Free France, ta nemi mafaka a Châteaudun a Eure-et-Loir, inda take a lokacin saukowar mamayar Normandy a 1944. A ranar 19 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1944 ta yi maraba da sojojin Janar Bradley, a kan hanyarsu ta 'yantar da Paris.[1]

## Manazarta
Julia Hunt Catlin Park DePew Taufflieb

**Julia Hunt Catlin Park DePew Taufflieb** (6 ga Yuli, 1864 - 17 ga Disamba, 1947) ta kasance mai ba da agaji kuma mai zaman kanta wanda shine mace ta farko ta Amurka da Faransa ta ba ta lambar yabo ta Croix de Guerre da Legion d'honneur a shekarar 1917 don juya ta Château d'Annel zuwa asibiti mai gado 300 a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na I.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Julia Hunt Catlin a ranar 6 ga Yuli, 1864, ga Julius Catlin (1833-1893) da Frances Helen Hunt (an haife ta a 1839), 'yar Seth B. Hunt, Esq. na Maple Grove, Bennington, Vermont. 'Yan uwanta mata sune Edith Catlin da May Catlin . Ta zauna a 16 East 49th Street a Birnin New York.

Kakan mahaifinta shine Julius Catlin, Mataimakin Gwamna na 29 na Connecticut daga 1858 zuwa 1861. [1] Kakanta, Hannah Maria Catlin, ta auri Benjamin K. Phelps, Lauyan Gundumar New York County. [2][3][4]

## A lokacin yakin duniya na
Julia ta juya ta Château d'Annel a Longueil-Annel a cikin asibitin soja na Allied mai gado 300 a layin gaba na Yaƙin Duniya na I. Shi ne asibiti na farko ga sojojin da suka ji rauni na Allies da wani Ba'amurke ya buɗe a Faransa kusa da gaba.

Ta gudu zuwa Ingila bayan sojojin Jamus sun ci gaba zuwa Paris, amma ta ƙare ta dawo bayan sun janye. Ayyukanta sun motsa wasu Amurkawa da yawa da ke zaune a Faransa don buɗe asibitocin soja. Ta sami lambar yabo ta soja mafi girma a Faransa, Legion d'honneur, da Croix de Guerre a 1917 kuma ita ce mace ta farko ta Amurka da aka ba ta wannan girmamawa.

A shekara ta 1917, Shugaba Raymond Poincaré na Faransa, bisa ga shawarar Ministan Yakin, ya ba ta lambar zinare don nuna godiya ga asibitinta, tare da wasika da Justin Godart, Mataimakin Sakataren Yakin ya rubuta.

## Manazarta
Muriel Thompson

**Muriel Thompson** MM (10 Yuni 1875 - 3 Maris 1939) ta kasance direban motar asibiti ta Scotland ta yakin duniya na farko, direban tsere kuma mai tsere.

## Rayuwa ta farko da iyali
An haifi Muriel Annie ThoMP a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1875 a Aberdeen, Scotland ga Agnes Marion Williamson (1846-1926), matar ta biyu ta Cornelius Thompson, mai mallakar jirgin ruwa kuma Masanin gine-ginen ruwa, ta biyar cikin yara takwas.[1] Kakan mahaifinta George Thompson shi ne Laird na Pitmedden, wanda aka kafa na layin jigilar kayayyaki na Aberdeen, kuma ya kasance Lord Provost na Aberdeen kuma MP (1852) na birnin.[1]

## Direban tsere da direban WSPU
Thompson ta kasance mai tuka babur,  tun tana ƙarama tana tuka motar iyali. Ita da 'yan uwanta sun taimaka wajen gano kungiyar tseren mota ta Brooklands . A ranar 4 ga watan Yulin 1908 ta lashe gasar mota ta mata ta farko da aka gudanar a Brooklands,  Ladies' Bracelet Handicap . Ta ci nasara a cikin motar tseren Austin ta ɗan'uwanta, mai suna Pobble, tare da saurin mil 50 a kowace awa (80 km / h).  Ta kuma lashe tseren mota na Scratch . 

An dauki Thompson a matsayin direban mata na kungiyar zamantakewa da siyasa, kuma ta kori Emmeline Pankhurst a kan yawon shakatawa na kasa a shekara ta 1909. Ta tuka mota mai launin kore ta Austin tare da fararen ƙafafun da layin purple, launuka na motsi na sufragist.

## Manazarta
Miliyan Jamus

Germaine Tillion (30 ga Mayu 1907 - 18 ga Afrilu 2008) Masanin ilimin kabilanci ne na Faransa, wanda aka sani da aikinta a Aljeriya a cikin shekarun 1950 a madadin Gwamnatin Faransa . Wani memba na Resistance na Faransa a yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi amfani da lokaci a sansanin fursuna na Ravensbrück .

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Tillion a ranar 30 ga Mayu, 1907, a Allegre (Haute-Loire) a kudu maso tsakiyar Faransa. Ita 'yar Lucien Tillion ce, majistare, da Emilie Cussac Tillion .  An kuma lura da mahaifiyarta a matsayin masanin tarihin fasaha da kuma mayaƙan adawa da Faransa. Tana da 'yar'uwa mai suna Francoise . Iyalin Germaine Tillion na cikin 'yan kasuwa na Faransa ne, su duka 'yan Jamhuriyar Republican ne da Katolika.

### Matasa da karatu
Tillion ta yi ƙuruciyarta tare da iyalinta a Clermont-Ferrand . A lokacin da take da shekaru 8, an tura Germaine Tillion da 'yar'uwarta Françoise Tillion zuwa Cibiyar Jeanne d'Arc, a Clermont-Ferrand . Ta yi karatu a can daga makarantar firamare zuwa sakandare, a farkon yakin duniya na farko .

Ta tafi Paris don nazarin ilimin zamantakewar al'umma tare da Marcel Mauss da Louis Massignon, ta sami digiri daga École pratique des hautes études, École du Louvre, da INALCO . Sau hudu tsakanin 1934 da 1940 ta yi Aikin gona a Aljeriya,  tana nazarin mutanen Chaoui Berber a yankin Aures na arewa maso gabashin Aljeriya.

### Tsayayyar Faransa

Yayin da Tillion ya koma Paris daga filin a 1940, Jamus ta mamaye Faransa. A matsayin aikinta na farko na juriya, ta taimaka wa iyalin Yahudawa ta hanyar ba su takardun iyalinta. Ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mambobi a cikin Faransanci Resistance a cikin cibiyar sadarwa ta Musée de l'Homme a Paris . Ayyukanta sun haɗa da taimaka wa fursunoni su tsere da kuma shirya bayanan sirri ga sojojin hadin gwiwa daga 1940 zuwa 1942.

Betrayed by the priest Robert Alesch who had joined her resistance network and gained her confidence, she was arrested on August 13, 1942.&#x5B;**&#x5D; She was transported in the *Convoi des 31000* in 1943.

### Ravensbrück
A ranar 21 ga Oktoba 1943, an tura Tillion zuwa sansanin fursunoni na Jamus na Ravensbrück, kusa da Berlin tare da mahaifiyarta, Émilie, ita ma mai adawa. Daga isowarta a ranar 21 ga Oktoba 1943 zuwa faduwar sansanin a cikin bazara 1945, ta rubuta wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo a asirce don jin daɗin 'yan fursunoni. "Le строgbar aux Enfers" ya bayyana rayuwar sansanin "Verfügbar" (Jamusanci don "suna", mafi ƙasƙanci na fursunoni waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don kowane irin aiki).  A lokaci guda ta gudanar da cikakken bincike na ethnographic na sansanin. Sauran fursunoni sun hada da Geneviève de Gaulle-Anthonioz, Jacqueline Fleury da mahaifiyar Fleury.

## Manazarta
Susan Travers

**Susan Mary Gillian Travers** (23 Satumba 1909 - 18 Disamba 2003) wata ma'aikaciyar jinya ce ta Burtaniya kuma direban motar asibiti wacce ta yi aiki a cikin Red Cross na Faransa a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu .  Daga baya ta zama mace daya tilo da ta shiga cikin rundunar kasashen waje ta Faransa, bayan da ta yi aiki a Indochina ta Faransa, a lokacin Yaƙin Indochina na farko .

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Travers a Kensington kuma ta yi shekaru na farko a Ingila, 'yar Francis Eaton Travers, Royal Navy Admiral, da matarsa Eleanor Catherine (née Turnbull). 

## Bayan yakin
Bayan yakin, an daidaita matsayinta na soja. Ta yi amfani da ita kuma an yi rajista a cikin Légion Étrangère, a matsayin babban jami'in soja.

Travers ya yi aiki a Indochina. Ta auri Legion Adjudant-Chef Nicolas Schlegelmilch, wanda ya yi yaƙi a Bir Hakeim tare da 13th Demi-Brigade . A lokacin da suka yi ritaya, sun zauna a wajen birnin Paris. Ma'auratan sun sami 'ya'ya maza biyu.

Ta jira duk sauran shugabannin a cikin tarihin rayuwarta su mutu kafin ta rubuta tarihin rayuwarta. A shekara ta 2000, tana da shekaru 91, tare da taimakon Wendy Holden, ta rubuta tarihin rayuwarta, Gobe za ta kasance mai ƙarfin zuciya: A Memoir of the Only Woman Ever to Serve in the French Foreign Legion ( ). [1] ISBN 0552148148

## Manazarta
Alix na Unienville

Alix Marrier d'Unienville, MBE (8 ga Mayu 1918 - 10 ga Nuwamba 2015) ya kasance wakilin Faransa-Birtaniya a cikin sashen Free French (RF) na Babban Jami'in Ayyuka na Musamman (SOE), a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II . 

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi D'Unienville a Mauritius ga dangin aristocratic na Faransa masu arziki waɗanda suka koma Faransa lokacin da take 'yar shekara shida. An haife ta ne a wani Gidan sarauta kusa da Vannes a Brittany . Ta kasance 'yan asalin Faransa da Burtaniya. Bayan ta gudanar da tserewa zuwa Ingila a 1940, an yi amfani da ita wajen rubuta takardun farfaganda a hedkwatar Free French a Carlton Gardens, London kafin Ofishin Tsakiya na Renseignements et d'Action ya dauke ta kuma ya jagoranta ta zuwa SOE don horo.

Ta yi aiki a Paris, wanda aka sani da sunan sirri Myrtil ga jami'an leken asiri da masu nuna alama a London, da kuma sunan sirri Marie-France ga abokan aikinta a cikin Resistance. Ta ci nasara har zuwa 6 ga Yuni 1944 lokacin da aka kama ta tare da "Tristan" (Pierre-Henri Teitgen) a waje da Le Bon Marché a Paris. An kai ta Avenue Foch don yin tambayoyi kuma an bincika ta. Sun same ta kuma kwashe kwayar cutar cyanide. An tsare ta a Kurkukun Fresnes a cikin kurkuku mai zaman kanta. Ta yi kamar ba ta da hankali don tserewa daga Fresnes kuma a tura ta Asibitin Saint-Anne. Gestapo ta rushe wannan shirin, wanda ya tura ta zuwa La Pitié, wani wuri da ke da alaƙa da mummunan zalunci na Gestapo.

D'Unienville, ta hanyar sake cin abinci da magana, ta sami damar tura kanta ta ɗan gajeren lokaci zuwa Saint-Anne, sannan zuwa sansanin kurkuku a Romainville, inda ita da wata mace, Annie Hervé, suka shirya shirin tserewa a kan ganuwar ta amfani da igiya da suka yi daga baƙar fata. An watsar da yunkurin lokacin da aka kori Hervé zuwa Jamus.

Ta kasance a cikin motar karshe da za a aika daga Romainville zuwa Jamus, amma ta sami damar tserewa lokacin da aka tura fursunoni a kan gadar hanya a kan Marne saboda gadar jirgin kasa ta lalace ta hanyar bama-bamai na Allied. Daga nan sai ta sami damar ɓoyewa a ƙauyuka biyu kafin Amurkawa su sake ta, inda ta sami damar komawa Paris. 

Bayan yakin d'Unienville ta yi aiki a matsayin wakilin yaki ga sojojin Amurka a kudu maso gabashin Asiya kafin ta yi aiki azaman mai karɓar bakuncin jirgin sama na Air France kuma ta zama marubuciyar fiction da nonfiction.

## Manazarta
Marie Léonie Vanhoutte

**Marie Léonie Vanhoutte**, wanda aka fi sani da sunan **Charlotte Lameron** (1888 - 1967)  ya kasance mayaƙan adawa da Faransa kuma wakilin sirri a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na I wanda ya yi aiki a kan iyakar Faransa da Belgium. 

## Rayuwa ta farko
Marie Léonie Vanhoutte was born on 13 January 1888 in Roubaix, France, in a house on Rue de la Vigne.

A farkon yakin duniya na, ta kasance ma'aikaciyar jinya a Red Cross, amma ba ta zauna na dogon lokaci a wannan rawar ba  tunda ba ta son kula da sojojin Jamus ta hanyar kiwon lafiya.  Ta yi tafiya zuwa Flanders don gano wuraren wucewa don cibiyoyin adawa ga Faransanci da Burtaniya don ƙetare layin Jamus. A watan Agustan shekara ta 1914 Vanhoutte ya taimaka wajen dasa ambulances kuma yana taka rawar "Charlotte Lameron".  Akwai bayanai daban-daban game da rawar da take takawa, tare da wasu kafofin sun ce "Charlotte" ta yi aiki a matsayin mai shayarwa, amma wasu sun kira ta ma'aikaciyar jinya ta Red Cross.

## Cibiyar sadarwa ta Alice
An sanya ta hulɗa da Louise na Bettignies (wanda aka fi sani da "Alice Dubois") kuma sun hadu a Prouvost-Masurel Castle, a Mouvaux .  A cikin bazara na 1915, Vanhoutte ya fara taimakawa Bettignies a cikin Alice Network, wanda aka fi sani da Alice Circle, fadada da'irar leken asiri zuwa garuruwan da ke kusa da Cambrai, Valenciennes da Saint-Quentin. Cibiyoyin sadarwa sun kasance yankuna ne, an raba su da bangarori, don gano hanyoyin jirgin kasa, ƙungiyoyin sojojin Jamus, wurin shagunan makamai da bayanai game da makamai.   Za su rubuta rahotanni, saƙonnin lambar kuma su watsa saƙonnin ta hanyar Belgium da Netherlands. Vanhoutte ya sami damar tafiya kyauta saboda ambulances kuma ya aika da bayanai zuwa kowane wuri.

A ranar 24 ga Satumba 1915, an kama Vanhoutte, an tura shi Kurkukun Saint-Gilles a Brussels kuma an yanke masa hukuncin shekaru 15. [1] [2][3] Jamusawa sun yi amfani da makirci don tilasta Vanhoutte ya gano Louise de Bettignies daga hotuna, wanda daga ƙarshe ya haifar da kama Bettignies. [2][4] Lokacin da Yaƙin Duniya na ƙare a 1918, an saki Vanhoutte daga kurkuku.

Vanhoutte ya auri marubucin Antoine Rédier a ranar 19 ga Yuli 1934 a Paris. Wadanda suka halarci bikin aurensu sun hada da Maxime Weygand, André Tardieu da Henri Gouraud . 

## Manazarta
Denise Vernay

**Denise Vernay-Jacob** (21 Yuni 1924 - 4 Maris 2013) ta kasance memba na Resistance na Faransa a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II, wanda ke aiki a ƙarƙashin sunan "Miarka" da "Annie" daga 1941. Ta kauce wa taron Yahudawa a watan Maris na shekara ta 1944 a Nice, Faransa wanda ya haifar da korar iyayenta zuwa sansanin Auschwitz a Poland da aka mamaye. An kama ta kasa da watanni uku bayan haka, ta tsira daga azabtarwa da Gestapo da kuma ɗaurin kurkuku a Sansanin Nazi guda biyu - Ravensbrück da Mauthausen . Red Cross ta cece ta a watan Afrilun 1945 kuma ta koma gida zuwa Faransa a ƙarshen yaƙin. 

Kodayake 'yan uwanta mata, Madeleine da Simone Veil">Simone, sun tsira daga kurkuku a wasu wurare, iyayensu da ɗan'uwansu ba su yi ba. Vernay-Jacob ta taimaka wajen kafa Fondation de la Résistance don samar da tallafi ga wadanda suka tsira daga yakin da kuma girmama tunanin wadanda suka mutu - kokarin da ta ci gaba da tallafawa a duk rayuwarta. 'Yar'uwarta Simone Veil ta zama shugabar farko ta Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Shoah .  An girmama Vernay-Jacob da kyaututtuka da yawa saboda jaruntakarta.

## Shekaru na farko
An haife ta a Paris, Faransa, a ranar 21 ga Yuni 1924 a matsayin Denise Jacob, 'yar masanin gine-ginen Yahudawa na Faransa André Jacob ce da matarsa, Yvonne Jacob (née Steinmetz), wacce ta bar karatun ilmin sunadarai don fara iyalinta. Na biyu cikin yara huɗu, ta koma tare da iyayenta da 'yar'uwarta, Madeleine (an haife ta a 1922 kuma an fi sani da "Snowy"), zuwa Nice daga baya a 1924 bayan mahaifinta ya sami tayin kasuwanci mai kyau. An haifi ƙaramin ɗan'uwanta, Jean, da 'yar'uwarta, Simone Annie Liline, a 1925 kuma a ranar 13 ga Yuli 1927, bi da bi.[1]

Yanayin kudi na iyali ya canza, duk da haka, yayin da Babban Mawuyacin ya mamaye Faransa a 1931. A shekara ta 1932, iyayensu sun yanke shawarar musayar gidan dangin don ɗaki a Nice.

## Yaƙin Duniya na II
Rashin Faransa a lokacin rani na shekara ta 1940 ya haifar da isowar Gestapo a Nice a ranar 9 ga Satumba da kuma aiwatar da dokar kan matsayin Yahudawa ta Gwamnatin Vichy ta Faransa. Wadannan abubuwan sun sanya rayuwar yau da kullun ta fi haɗari ga iyalin Yakubu. Dokar Oktoba 1940 da Raphaël Alibert ya shirya  "ya karɓi ma'anar Bayahude da aka kafa a cikin Dokokin Nuremberg",  kuma ya hana Yahudawa haƙƙin jama'a, gami da haƙƙin aiki. A sakamakon haka, Andrè Jacob ya rasa aikinsa. Denise mai shekaru goma sha shida ta zama malamin lissafi don taimakawa wajen tallafa wa iyalinta. Ta kuma shiga cikin Girl Scouts, tushen 'yanci da bege a gare ta - da kuma tushen sunanta na laƙabi, "Miarka," sunan da za ta fara amfani da shi a matsayin mai aikawa ga Resistance na Faransa.

## Manazarta
Alma Allen (memba na adawa)

**Alma Allen** ta kasance memba a cikin gwagwarmayar Denmark a kan Nazi a yakin duniya na biyu a farkon shekarun 1940. Ita da kanta ta jagoranci mata a cikin ayyukan yaƙi goma sha biyu da Nazi. Daga ƙarshe ta shiga cikin leƙen asiri na Burtaniya. [1]

## Manazarta
Velika Begovica

**Velika Begovica** ( Serbian Cyrillic ; fl. 1876–78) ta kasance 'yar tawaye mace a yankin Kozjak, wanda ke ƙarƙashin mulkin Ottoman (wanda a yau ɓangare ne na Arewacin Macedonia ), tana aiki a lokacin Yaƙin Serbo-Turkiyya (1876–78) . [1] An haife ta a Ramno ( Staro Nagoričane ) [2] ko Malotino ( Kumanovo ).

## Duba kuma

* Tawayen Kumanovo
* Čakr-paša

## Manazarta
Tatiana Botkina

**Tatiana Evgenievna Botkina-Melnik** (1898-1986) 'yar likitan kotu ce Eugene Botkin, wanda Bolsheviks suka kashe tare da Tsar Nicholas II da iyalinsa.

A shekarun baya, Botkina, tare da ɗan'uwanta Gleb Botkin, sun kasance babban mai goyon bayan ikirarin Anna Anderson cewa ita ce Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna ta Rasha da ta tsira.

## Rayuwar farko
Botkina ita ce 'ya ta uku kuma 'ya tilo ga Botkin da matarsa Olga. Iyayenta sun sake ta a shekarar 1910 sakamakon tsananin sadaukarwar Dr. Botkin ga dangin sarauta da kuma tsawon lokacin da ya shafe a kotu da kuma dangantakar mahaifiyarta da wani malamin Jamus. Eugene Botkin ya riƙe kula da yaran bayan rabuwar.  An kashe babban ɗan'uwan Botkina Dmitri a lokacin yaƙi a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya . 

Daga baya Botkina ta tuna cewa yaran Botkin "ba abokai na kud da kud ba ne" na yaran daular, amma sun san su sosai. Sun fara haɗuwa da yaran daular a shekarar 1911, sannan kuma, wani lokacin suna wasa da su lokacin da suke hutu a Crimea .  Botkina ta kuma yi hira da ƙananan duchess a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, lokacin da Botkina ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya ta Red Cross a wani asibiti a Fadar Catherine. 

## Juyin Juya Hali
Botkina da ɗan'uwanta sun raka mahaifinsu zuwa gudun hijira tare da iyalan Romanov bayan juyin juya halin Rasha na 1917. Lokacin da aka canja iyalin daga Tobolsk zuwa Ekaterinburg, ba a ba wa yaran Botkin izinin raka mahaifinsu ba. [1] Lokacin da Botkina ta nemi izinin kwamandan Soviet na Ural Nikolai Rodionov don ya haɗu da mahaifinta a Ekaterinburg, sai ya amsa, "Me yasa yarinya mai kyau kamar ku za ta so ta lalace duk rayuwarta a kurkuku, ko ma a harbe ta?" Botkina ya dage cewa dangin sarki ba za su ruɓe a kurkuku ba. Rodionov ya gaya mata cewa wataƙila za a harbe su. Ya gaya mata zai bar su su raka ƙungiyar har zuwa tashar Ekaterinburg, amma za a kama su a mayar da su Tobolsk saboda ba zai ba su izinin shiga Ekaterinburg ba. A ƙarshe, yaran Botkin sun yanke shawarar ci gaba da zama a Tobolsk. [2]

Lokacin da Botkina ta ji ƙarshen Rahoton Sokolov, cewa an kashe Sarkin, iyalinsa da bayinsu, abin da kawai ta ta'azantar da ita shi ne cewa mahaifinta ya mutu yana ƙoƙarin kare Sarkin. 

## Fita
A kaka ta 1918, Botkina ta auri Konstantin Melnik, wani jami'in 'yan bindigar Ukraine wanda ta sani a Tsarskoye Selo .   Sun tsere daga Rasha ta hanyar Vladivostok kuma daga ƙarshe suka zauna a Rives, Faransa, a wani gari kusa da Grenoble, inda suka renon 'ya'yansu. 

Botkina ta saki mijinta bayan wasu shekaru kuma ta zauna kusa da birnin Paris, inda ta zauna har tsawon rayuwarta. 

## Manazarta