Tsohon Mutum na Yau

**Tsohon Man na Hoy** wani tulin teku ne  akan Hoy, wani yanki na tsibiran Orkney da ke arewacin gabar tekun Scotland. An kafa shi daga Old Red Sandstone, yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi tsayi a cikin United Kingdom. Tsohon ya shahara da masu hawan dutse, kuma an fara hawansa ne a shekara ta 1966. An halicce shi ta hanyar zaizayar wani dutse ta hanyar aikin injin ruwa na wani lokaci bayan 1750, tarin bai wuce ƴan shekaru ɗari ba, amma zai iya faɗuwa cikin teku nan da nan.

## Geography
Tsohon Mutum yana tsaye kusa da Rackwick Bay a gabar yammacin Hoy, a Orkney, Scotland, kuma ana iya gani daga Scrabster zuwa Stromness Ferry.  Daga wasu kusurwoyi an ce kamannin mutum ne. 

Iska tana da sauri fiye da  kusan kashi uku na lokacin, kuma gales suna faruwa akan matsakaita na kwanaki 29 a shekara. Haɗe da zurfin teku, wanda da sauri ya faɗi zuwa , igiyoyin makamashi masu ƙarfi a yammacin gefen Hoy suna haifar da saurin zaizayar teku. 

## Geology
Tsohon Man na Hoy wani tulin dutsen yashi ne, wanda ke kan tulin dutsen basalt, kuma daya daga cikin tulin teku mafi tsayi a Burtaniya.   An raba shi da babban ƙasa da mita 60 (200)&nbsp;ft) chasm watse da tarkace, kuma yana da kusan ɓangarorin tsaye tare da saman faɗin 'yan mita kaɗan.  Dutsen ya ƙunshi yadudduka na dutse mai laushi, yashi da yashi mai tsauri da kuma tutocin tuta na Old Red Sandstone, yana ba da ɓangarorin ƙima da bayanin martaba.  

## Tarihi

Mai yiwuwa tsohon ya gaza shekaru 250 kuma yana iya fuskantar hadarin rugujewa.   Ba a ambaci tari a cikin saga na Orkneyinga ba, an rubuta  1230, kuma akan taswirar Blaeu na 1600, ƙasa tana wanzu a wurin da Tsohon Mutum yake yanzu.  Taswirar McKenzie na Hoy na 1750 haka ma yana nuna kan gaba amma ba tari ba, amma a shekara ta 1819 an rabu da tsohon mutum daga babban yankin.  William Daniell ya zana tulin teku a wannan lokacin a matsayin ginshiƙi mai faɗi tare da ƙaramin yanki na sama da baka a gindin, wanda daga ciki aka samo sunansa.  

Wani lokaci a farkon karni na goma sha tara, guguwa ta wanke ƙafafu ɗaya ta bar ta kamar yadda yake a yau, kodayake ana ci gaba da zazzagewa.  Ta hanyar 1992, tsayin mita 40 (130&nbsp;ft) crack ya bayyana a saman fuskar kudu, wanda ya bar wani babban sashi wanda ya mamaye wanda zai rushe.   

## Ayyukan ɗan adam

### Hawa
Masu hawan dutse Chris Bonington, Rusty Baillie da Tom Patey ne suka fara hawan tulun a cikin 1966.   Daga 8-9 Yuli 1967, hawan da aka nuna a cikin *The Great Climb*, gidan rediyo na BBC na dare uku a waje, wanda ke da masu kallo kusan miliyan 15.  Wannan ya nuna nau'i-nau'i guda uku na masu hawan dutse: Bonington da Patey sun sake maimaita hanyarsu ta asali, yayin da Joe Brown da Ian McNaught-Davis suka hau sabon layi biyu da Pete Crew da Dougal Haston . 

A cikin 1968 Christine Crawshaw ta zama mace ta farko da ta isa koli na Hoy. A cikin 1997, Catherine Destivelle ta yi hawan solo na Tsohon Man na Hoy; ta yi hakan ne yayin da ciki wata hudu; An kama hawan ta a cikin fim din hawan dutse na 1998, *Rock Queen* .  An yi fim ɗin wannan hawan kuma sau da yawa ana ƙididdige shi a matsayin hawan solo na farko, amma tsohon mutum ya riga ya keɓe shi a cikin Oktoba 1985 ta wurin hawan Scots Bob Duncan; kamar Destivelle, ya koma baya na biyu, crux pitch, ko da yake shi ma ya koma saman farar saboda "ya yi kama da wuya daga ƙasa fiye da yadda ya zama". 

Red Széll ya zama makaho na farko da ya hau tsohon mutum, duk da fama da ciwon retinitis pigmentosa wanda ya bar shi da hangen nesa 5%. Tare da taimakon Martin Moran da Nick Carter, ya ƙaddamar da tari a cikin 2013.   

Mutum mafi karancin shekaru da ya hau tsohon mutum shine Edward Mills, wanda yake da shekaru 8 a duniya lokacin da ya kammala hawan a cikin sa'o'i 4 da mintuna 55 a ranar 9 ga Yuni 2018, don tara kudi ga kungiyar *Climbers Against Cancer* saboda mahaifiyarsa ta kamu da cutar kansar nono. Ya samu rakiyar masu horar da shi, Ben West da Cailean Harker. 

A cikin 2019, Jesse Dufton ya zama makaho na farko da ya jagoranci hawan kan Old Man of Hoy.  Hawan ya kasance batun fim ɗin *Hawan Makafi* na 2020.  

'Yar karamar mace da ta hau tsohon mutumin Hoy ita ce Sophia Wood, wacce ke da shekaru 10 a lokacin da ta kammala hawan sama da sa'o'i 3 a watan Yuni 2023. Ta yi tafiya daga kudu maso gabashin Virginia Amurka zuwa Hoy Scotland UK kuma ta kammala hawan tare da jagororinta guda biyu Edmund Hastings da Alex Riley. Sophia ta yi amfani da wannan hawan don fara tattara kuɗi don taimakawa wajen gabatar da hawan hawan ga yara tare da "Kungiyar Samari da 'Yan Mata" a yankinta. 

Akwai hanyoyi guda bakwai sama da tari, mafi yawan amfani da su shine asalin ƙasar da ke fuskantar *Hanyar Gabas ta Gabas*, mai daraja E1 5b (Mai Tsanani).   An binne littafin gungu a cikin akwati na Tupperware a cikin babban koli a kan koli, a matsayin rikodin masu hawan sama.   A kowace shekara ana yin hawan hawan hamsin. 

### Highline

A ranar 10 ga Yuli, 2017, Alexander Schulz ya kammala tafiya mai girma zuwa kuma daga taron, a  saman teku akan layi  dogon. 

### BASE tsalle
Roger Holmes, Gus Hutchison-Brown, da Tim Emmett sun yi tsalle-tsalle na farko na BASE a kan 14 Mayu 2008.  Hutchinson-Brown ya mutu bayan kwanaki 11 a lokacin tsalle a Switzerland.  A ranar 27 ga Yuli 2019, Yan sanda biyu, Filip Kubica da Dominik Grajner sun maimaita BASE sun yi tsalle daga sama. 

## Manazarta