open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Gwaje-gwaje a Rayuwa ta Duniya

**Gwajin Rayuwa ta Duniya,** ko **Gwajin**, shiri ne na duniya wanda ke ba da masauki a gidaje, harshe, fasaha, hidimar al'umma, kasada ta muhalli, shirye-shiryen bincike na abinci, da na yanki da al'adu na ilimi tsakanin al'adu na duniya ga ɗaliban makarantar sakandare . World Learning, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta ta ci gaba da ilimi ta duniya da ke Brattleboro, Vermont, a Amurka ce ke gudanar da shi.

## Tarihi
Gwajin Rayuwa ta Duniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1932. A wannan shekarar, tsohon daraktan ma'aikata na Jami'ar Syracuse, Donald Watt, wanda bai gamsu da yanayin ilimin duniya ba, ya ƙirƙiri wani sabon shiri na zurfafa al'adu mai suna Gwajin Rayuwa ta Duniya. A ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa, wata ƙungiyar ɗalibai 23 ta yi tafiya a cikin jirgin ruwa na tsawon kwanaki takwas a faɗin Tekun Atlantika da manufar samar da zaman lafiya ta hanyar fahimta, sadarwa, da haɗin gwiwa ta hanyar zama a kusa da yaran Faransa da Jamus da kuma yin yawo a tsaunukan Alps na Switzerland .

A shekara mai zuwa, Watt ya yi tunanin ra'ayin cewa ɗaliban Amurka za su zauna tare da iyalan Faransa da Jamus. An sanya "masu gwaji" a gidajen iyalan da ke masaukin baki don haɓaka fannoni na nazarin al'adu da/ko harsuna na kowane shiri. Wannan ra'ayi da ba a taɓa gwadawa ba ya zama sananne a matsayin masaukin gida kuma ya ba wa ɗalibai damar haɓaka abota da fahimtar al'adu daban-daban ta hanyar da ta dace da kansu da ma'ana.

Gwaje-gwajen sun taimaka bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu lokacin da suka jagoranci tafiye-tafiyen koyarwa a jerin jiragen ruwan yaƙi da aka dakatar tare da membobin Majalisar Dalibai kan Tafiya.  

## Manazarta
Lia (mawakiyar Jafananci)

***'LIA***' (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga watan Disamba; kuma an tsara ta a duk caps a matsayin LIA) mawaƙiya ce kuma marubuciya ta Japan. Lia ta rubuta "Tori no Uta" don littafin gani na Key na 2000 Air, wanda aka sake amfani da shi a cikin sauye-sauyen wasan kwaikwayo na 2005 kuma ya zama mai tasiri a cikin al'adun gargajiya. Ta kuma rubuta wasu waƙoƙi guda biyu don littafin gani, waɗanda *Iska* ci nasara a kasuwanci. 

Lia ta ci gaba da aiki tare da Key ta hanyar yin waƙoƙi don littafin gani na 2004 *Clannad* da kuma sauyawar anime na 2008, Clannad After Story, littafin gani na manya na 2005 Tomoyo After: Yana da Rayuwa Mai ban mamaki, da kuma jigogi na buɗewa don jerin wasan kwaikwayo na asali na Key Angel Beats! a cikin 2010 da *Charlotte* a cikin 2015. Sauran waƙoƙinta da aka yi amfani da su a cikin wasan kwaikwayo sun haɗa da RF Online da D na farko na huɗu .

A cikin 2012, an saki software na Vocaloid IA, wanda ya samo samfurin Murya Lia kuma ya sami babban magoya baya.

## Ayyuka
Lia ta kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Kiɗa ta Berklee . Bayan haka, ta zauna a Los Angeles kuma ta yi rikodin kaset na demo tare da taimakon aboki. Da farko an nemi ta taimaka wajen fassara tsakanin ma'aikatan rikodin da ɗakin karatu, Visual Arts ta tambayi Lia idan za ta iya cikawa ga mai ba da murya. Lia ta rubuta waƙarta ta farko "Tori no Uta" a Paramount Studio . 

Lia ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar samar da kiɗa ta fasaha / trance ta Japan I've Sound daga 2001 zuwa 2003, inda ta yi "Disintegration" a cikin kundin tattarawa na Disintegration . Ta sanya hannu tare da Key Sounds Label a shekara ta 2001, da kuma Pony Canyon a shekara ta 2004. Lia ta samar da kundi huɗu a cikin nau'in hardcore mai farin ciki; waɗannan kundin suna da sunanta a duk manyan haruffa.

Lia ta yi jigogi na buɗewa da ƙare na litattafan gani guda biyu na Key - Air da Tomoyo Bayan: Rayuwa ce mai ban mamaki - da kuma jigogi na budewa don jerin wasan kwaikwayo na asali guda biyu na Keys - Angel Beats! da kuma Charlotte. Ta yi waƙar taken don MMORPG RF Online mai taken "The Force of Love". Lia ta kuma yi wasu waƙoƙin Yurobeat don jerin wasan kwaikwayo na farko na D na huɗu mai taken "All Around" da "Sky High" a ƙarƙashin lakabin Avex Trax . Don bikin Iska shekaru 20 a matsayin mai zane, ta fitar da kundi mai suna Lia 20th Best a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, 2020. [1]

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Lia tana iya Turanci da Jafananci sosai. A ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2009, Lia ta sanar a shafinta na yanar gizo cewa ta yi aure kuma tana da ciki. Ta haifi 'yar a ranar 31 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2010.  A ranar 27 ga Yuni, 2013, Lia ta haifi ɗanta na biyu, ɗa. Tana zaune a Hong Kong tun shekara ta 2014.
Shirin da ke da alaƙa da Kyoto

Shirin Associated Kyoto (AKP) shiri ne mai zaman kansa na karatu a ƙasashen waje ga ɗaliban da ke karatun digiri na farko a Kyoto, Japan a harabar Jami'ar Doshisha . Ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce makarantu 13 ke ɗaukar nauyinta: Kwalejin Amherst, Kwalejin Bates, Jami'ar Bucknell, Kwalejin Carleton, Kwalejin Colby, Kwalejin Connecticut, Kwalejin Mount Holyoke, Kwalejin Oberlin, Kwalejin Pomona, Kwalejin Smith, Jami'ar Wesleyan, Kwalejin Williams, da Kwalejin Whitman . [1] Shirin karatun ya haɗa da darussan Harshen Japan da zaɓuɓɓuka waɗanda suka mayar da hankali kan tarihin al'adun Japan.

## Manazart
Lil League daga Ƙabilar Bautar

Lil League daga Exile Tribe (Japanese) kungiya ce mai mambobi shida da aka kafa a shekarar 2022. Kungiyar tana daga cikin hadin gwiwar Exile Tribe, wanda LDH ke sarrafawa kuma ya sanya hannu kan lakabin rikodin Rhythm Zone daga Avex Group . [1] Sun fito da wakarsu ta farko "Hunter" a watan Janairun shekara ta 2023.[2]

## Mambobin

* Sena Iwaki (Dutse mai suna Star) 
* Tatsuhiro Nakamura (Maruaru na Tsakiya) 
* Kodai Yamada (Daga tsaunuka) 
* Matora Okao (岡尾真虎) 
* Haima Momoda (Jirgin) 
* Sora Nanba (Matsayi mai wuya) 

## Bayanan da aka yi

### Kundin studio

### Ma'aurata

## Manazarta
Lindberg (ƙungiya)

**Lindberg** ƙungiyar Pop rock / rock ce ta Japan wacce ta kasance mai aiki daga 1989 zuwa 2002, ta sake haɗuwa na ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin 2009 don bikin cika shekaru 20 na ƙungiyar. Bayan wani hutu, ƙungiyar ta sanar da dawowarsu a watan Janairun 2014 tare da sanarwar YouTube mai taken "Re:LINDBERG",  wanda ya biyo bayan kide-kide na 25 a Zepp Tokyo a watan Afrilun 2014 da kuma yawon shakatawa na Japan a 2015 da 2017.

## Tarihi
Lindberg yawanci ya yi kira ga ƙananan makarantar sakandare zuwa farkon taron makarantar sakandare, kuma ya kasance na musamman a lokacin da aka fara shi a shekarar 1989, 'yan ƙungiyar "rock" na Japan suna da membobin mata, ƙasa da mace mai jagora. Kungiyar ta yi ritaya a shekara ta 2002 bayan auren jagoran mawaƙa, Watase Maki, ga jagoran guitarist Hirakawa Tatsuya; wanda ya cika ƙungiyar ya kasance bassist Kawazoe Tomohisa da kuma mai bugawa Koyanagi "Cherry" Masanori.

Kawazoe Tomohisa, ɗaya daga cikin mawaƙan ƙungiyar, ya zama memba na kafa wani ƙungiyar Pop / Rock ta mata ta Japan, Ai + Band, a cikin 2003.

Lindberg ya sake haɗuwa a shekara ta 2009 kuma ya fitar da kundi na shekaru ashirin na Lindberg XX a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2009 ta hanyar sabon lakabin su Avex Trax, wanda ke nuna sabbin waƙoƙi da sake rikodin shahararrun abubuwan da suka faru. Har ila yau, a cikin 2009, membobin Lindberg Maki Watase da Tatsuya Hirakawa sun fara rubutu da samar da kiɗa don Jurian Beat Crisis, mawaƙin Jafananci wanda ya fara a wannan shekarar.

## Bayanan da aka yi

### Albums

## Manazarta
Kwalejin Eton ta bazara

**Kwas ɗin bazara na Eton** kwas ne na tsawon makonni uku ga ɗaliban Sinawa a Kwalejin Eton da ke Ingila. Ana gudanar da wannan kwas ɗin a kowace bazara tun daga shekarar 2005.  Manufar wannan kwas ɗin ita ce inganta Turancin ɗalibai da kuma ba da damar fahimtar al'adun Birtaniya. Masters na Eton ne ke gudanar da wannan kwas ɗin, inda ɗaliban makarantar ke aiki a matsayin mataimakan koyarwa.

Babban ɓangaren darasin shine azuzuwan Turanci na yau da kullun a ƙananan azuzuwan don inganta magana da sauraro na ɗalibai. Zuwa yanzu an sami matsakaicin ci gaba a cikin ƙwarewar harshe da aka auna na kashi 25%.  Ci gaban da aka auna ya taimaka wajen bayyana shaharar kwas ɗin, wanda ya jawo hankalin ɗaruruwan ɗalibai tun daga 2005. 

Bugu da ƙari, an bayar da ayyukan da ba na makaranta ba kamar wasanni da tafiye-tafiye zuwa wuraren yawon buɗe ido. Misalan waɗannan tafiye-tafiyen sun haɗa da Jami'ar Oxford, Windsor Castle da London. Sauran fasalulluka na wannan kwas sun haɗa da yin jawabi a bainar jama'a da darussa na wasan kwaikwayo, da laccoci game da rayuwa a Burtaniya.

## Manazarta
Ƙarfin Aiki da Nazarin Magunguna

**Ƙungiyar Nazarin Aiki Mai Hankali**, wacce aka fi sani da **Ƙungiyar Nazarin Aiki** ( simplified Chinese          ; Faransanci : *Mouvement Travail-Études* ), jerin shirye-shiryen nazarin aiki ne wanda ya kawo ɗaliban Sin zuwa Faransa da Belgium don yin aiki a masana'antu a matsayin hanyar biyan kuɗin karatunsu na al'adun Faransa da kimiyyar Yamma. Shirye-shiryen sun yi nufin horar da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na China tsakanin shekaru 16 zuwa 30 ta hanyar gogewa ta farko a cikin ƙungiyar ma'aikata.  : 35 An shirya shirye-shiryen ne tsakanin 1912 da 1927, galibi ta hanyar gungun masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na kasar Sin wadanda suka zo Paris kuma suna son gabatar da kimiyya da ra'ayin zamantakewa na Faransa ga kasar Sin.

Bayan shirya ƙananan shirye-shirye tun daga shekarar 1908, a shekarar 1916, bayan barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, masu shirya taron na Sin sun yi aiki tare da gwamnatocin China da Faransa don kafa shirin Nazarin Aiki Mai Kyau, wanda ya kawo ma'aikatan China marasa ilimi, kuma suka ci gaba da kawo ɗalibai bayan ƙarshen yaƙin na 1919. Gabaɗaya, dubban 'yan China sun zo Faransa a matsayin ma'aikatan ɗalibai, kodayake ba duka membobin shirin ba ne. Sun haɗa da shugabannin Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta China na gaba kamar Zhou Enlai da Deng Xiaoping, da kuma wasu waɗanda suka ci gaba da taka rawa a China.

Ana tunawa da wannan motsi a wani ƙaramin gidan tarihi, Gidan Tarihi na Abokantaka tsakanin Faransa da Sin, a garin Montargis inda ɗaliban da suka halarci taron suka zauna.

## Asalin
Tun kafin gurguzu na gurguzu ya shigo China, masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na kasar Sin sun dauki nauyin aiki da kuma ilmantar da ma'aikata. Shugabannin kungiyar 'yan gurguzu ta kasar Sin a Paris - Li Shizeng, Wu Zhihui, Zhang Renjie . Wang Jingwei, [1] Wu Yuzhang, da Cai Yuanpei - sun goyi bayan Sun Yat-sen amma sun roke shi da ya kara wani bangare na zamantakewa da al'adu ga shirin juyin juya halin siyasa nasa. Sun yi jayayya cewa mutane ba za su iya 'yantar da kansu ba, amma maza masu ilimi suna da alhakin a matsayin malamai su yi amfani da ilimin ɗabi'a da kuma daidaiton kai don nuna wa wasu hanya. A lokacin, yawancin daliban da suka tafi kasashen waje sun tafi neman tallafin karatu na gwamnati zuwa Japan, kodayake Ofishin Ilimi na kasar Sin na 1872-1881 da Shirin Ba da Lamuni na Boxer sun aika dalibai zuwa Amurka. Masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Paris sun yi sha'awar kafa musayar ra'ayi da Faransa, wanda suka dauke shi a matsayin al'umma mai ci gaba da kuma ta duniya. [ 3 ]

## Manazarta
Cibiyar Ilimi ta Duniya

**Cibiyar Ilimi ta Ƙasashen Duniya ta Ɗalibai**, ko IES Abroad, ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke gudanar da bincike a ƙasashen waje wadda ke gudanar da shirye-shiryen karatu a ƙasashen waje ga ɗaliban da suka kai shekarunsu na kwaleji a Amurka.  An kafa ƙungiyar a shekarar 1950 a matsayin Cibiyar Nazarin Turai, tun daga lokacin an sake mata suna don nuna ƙarin shirye-shirye a Afirka, Asiya, Oceania, da Latin Amurka . Yanzu haka ƙungiyar tana ba da shirye-shirye sama da 125 a ƙasashe 19 da birane 33. Sama da ɗalibai 150,000 sun yi karatu a ƙasashen waje kan shirye-shiryen IES Abroad tun lokacin da aka kafa ta, tare da ɗalibai sama da 10,000 suna karatu a ƙasashen waje kowace shekara. 

IES Abroad tana da ƙungiyar ilimi wacce ta ƙunshi cibiyoyin ilimi sama da 200. [1] Tana bayar da tallafin karatu sama da dala miliyan 6 don taimakawa ɗaliban da suka cancanta a ƙasashen waje. [2] Dangane da manufarta da bayanin hangen nesa, IES Abroad tana nuna nutsewa cikin al'adu ta hanyar amfani da zama a gida da tafiye-tafiyen filin wasa don "haɓaka" ci gaban shugabannin da suka cancanta a tsakanin al'adu." [3] Ayyukan IES Abroad sun haɗa da ba da shawara kafin tashi, taimakon biza, masu ba da shawara ga tsofaffin ɗalibai, da tsare-tsaren tsaro a Cibiyoyin ƙasashen waje. [4] IES Abroad tana da shirin haɗa kai [5] [6] da kuma shirin kore. [7]

## Tarihi
IES Abroad ta gabatar da shirinta na farko a watan Satumba na 1950, lokacin da Paul Koutny, wani ɗalibi ɗan ƙasar Austria da ke zaune a Amurka a kan tallafin karatu na Fulbright, ya kawo ɗaliban Amurka su zauna su yi karatu a Vienna, Austria na tsawon shekara guda.  Biyu daga cikin ɗaliban shirin na asali, Clarence da Alberta Giese, sun dawo bayan shirin ya yi wahayi zuwa ga taimaka wa sauran ɗalibai su yi karatu a ƙasashen waje. Daga gidansu na Chicago, sun yi aiki tare da Koutny don ɗaukar ƙarin ɗalibai da kuma aika su ƙasashen waje. 

William Louis Gaines, ɗan wani ma'aikacin jirgin ƙasa wanda ya yi aiki a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu kuma ya yi tafiya tare da Martin Luther King Jr., ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban IES daga 1974 har zuwa ritayarsa ta 1992 "ta wasu daga cikin shekarun da suka fi ƙalubale". 

## Manazarta
Ra'ayoyin Al'adu

**Cultural Vistas** ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta 501(c)(3) wadda ke sauƙaƙa ayyukan horo da shirye-shiryen musayar ƙwararru da ayyuka ga baƙi da ke zuwa Amurka, da ɗalibai da ƙwararru 'yan Amurka da ke neman damar koyo ta hanyar ƙwarewa a ƙasashen waje. Hedikwatar ƙungiyar tana birnin New York, tare da ofisoshin yanki a Berlin da Washington, DC.

Cibiyar Cultural Vistas kowace shekara tana hidimar kusan ɗalibai 6,000, ƙwararru, da shugabanni masu tasowa ta hanyar horon aiki na ƙasashen duniya da suka mayar da hankali kan aiki, rangadin karatu na ilimi, shirye-shiryen zurfafa harshe da musayar al'adu a Amurka da kuma ko'ina cikin duniya.

A shekarar 2024, hukumomin Rasha suka ayyana ta a matsayin " ƙungiyar da ba a so ". 

## Ofishin Jakadanci
Don wadatar da hankali, haɓaka ƙwarewar duniya, gina ayyuka, da haɗa rayuka ta hanyar musayar kuɗi ta ƙasashen waje.

## Shirye-shirye
Cultural Vistas tana ɗaukar nauyin shirye-shiryen musayar kuɗi iri-iri (zuwa Amurka) da na fita (daga Amurka), damar koyo ta hanyar ƙwarewa, da kuma horon ƙwararru. Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta naɗa ƙungiyar a matsayin mai ɗaukar nauyin Shirin Baƙi na Musayar Kuɗi ga nau'ikan takardar izinin shiga Jami'a, Mai Horarwa, da Malamai na J-1 . Hakanan tana ɗaukar nauyin kuma tana sauƙaƙe damar shiga aikin horo da kuma yin aiki a ƙasashen waje ga mutanen da ke zaune a Amurka a Asiya, Turai da Kudancin Amurka . A cikin 2014, Cultural Vistas ta gudanar da shirye-shiryen musayar ƙwararru ga ɗalibai 5,720 da ƙwararru matasa daga ƙasashe 136 daban-daban.

## Manazarta
Kwalejin IAU

**IAU** ( **IAU**, Faransanci : Institut Américain Universitaire) wata cibiya ce ta Amurka don manyan koyo da ke kudancin Faransa.  Babban harabarta tana cikin Aix-en-Provence, Faransa, kuma tana gudanar da shirye-shiryen tauraron dan adam a Spain, Morocco, da Italiya . An kafa IAU a shekarar 1957, an san ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin cibiyoyin koyar da harshen Turanci, fasaha mai sassaucin ra'ayi na Amurka a Yammacin Turai.  Cibiyar tana da takardar shedar daga Regents na Jami'ar Jihar New York kuma shugaban Jami'ar Aix-Marseille da Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Faransa sun amince da ita a matsayin cibiyar ilimi mai zaman kanta. An san IAU da kasancewar shirye-shiryen karatu a ƙasashen waje a Turai da kuma zaɓi na bayar da zaɓuɓɓukan karatu a ƙasashen waje fiye da nazarin harshen Faransanci.   A cikin 2015, IAU ta gabatar da shirye-shiryen digiri na biyu da na farko ta hanyar ƙungiyar 'yar'uwarta, Kwalejin Bahar Rum ta Amurka (ACM). 

## Tarihi

An kafa IAU a shekarar 1957 ta hannun masana ilimi da tsoffin jami'an diflomasiyya, ciki har da Herbert Maza wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugabanta na farko, [1] Evron Kirkpatrick, da Jeane Kirkpatrick. Cibiyar ta yi niyyar samar da dandamali ga Amurkawa masu sha'awar huldar diflomasiyya da ayyukan yi a ƙasashen waje da kuma Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje. An kafa ta ne a ƙarƙashin ikon Jami'ar Aix-Marseille kuma ta ba da shirin karatu a ƙasashen waje, wanda ke ba ɗalibai damar samun maki canja wurin kuɗi ta hanyar zama da karatu a Faransa na tsawon shekara guda. [1] IAU ita ce cibiyar farko da ke ba da shirye-shiryen karatu a ƙasashen waje ga ɗaliban da ke karatun digiri fiye da nazarin harshe. [2]

## Manazarta
Labaran Jagora na Duniya

Global Leadership Adventures ( GLA ) tana ba da shirye-shiryen karatun sakandare a ƙasashen waje inda ɗalibai ke shiga cikin koyon hidima a Belize, Brazil, Costa Rica, Jamhuriyar Dominican, Ecuador ( Tsibiran Galápagos ), Fiji, Faransa ( Guadeloupe ), Ghana, Guatemala, Indonesia ( Bali ), Morocco, Peru, Afirka ta Kudu, Tanzania, da Thailand . A shekarar 2019, kamfanin ya ƙaddamar da shirye-shiryen Europe Discovery a Burtaniya, Faransa, Girka, Spain, da sauran ƙasashe a duk faɗin nahiyar Turai .

Fred Swaniker ne ya kafa Global Leadership Adventures a matsayin wanda ya fara kafa African Leadership Academy, wanda ke Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu amma ya zama wani kamfani daban a shekarar 2004.  Hedkwatar ƙungiyar a halin yanzu tana San Diego, Amurka. GLA wani sashe ne na Terra Education, wanda kamfani ne mai takardar shedar fa'ida (B-Corp).  Sauran kamfanoni masu Terra Education sun haɗa da Summer Springboard da Discover Corps .

A shekarar 2005 da kuma a shekarar 2008, GLA ta karbi bakuncin Archbishop Desmond Tutu a Afirka ta Kudu domin yin magana game da gadon wariyar launin fata. A shekarar 2007, daliban GLA sun gana da shugaban kasar Costa Rica kuma wanda ya lashe kyautar zaman lafiya ta Nobel Oscar Arias domin tattauna yarjejeniyar cinikayya ta 'yanci ta tsakiyar Amurka (CAFTA) wadda za a kada kuri'a a kanta a zaben raba gardama na kasa a Costa Rica.

An gabatar da GLA a cikin wallafe-wallafe da dama, ciki har da *[[New York Times]]*,  *The Boston Globe*, *Teen Vogue*, da *The Huffington Post* . GLA tana da ci gaban tsofaffin ɗalibai, tare da ɗaliban da suka fito daga ƙasashe sama da 50.

## Manazarta

* Shafin yanar gizo na Kasadar Jagoranci na Duniya
* An ambata a cikin Jaridar New York Times
* An ambaci a cikin Boston Globe
Ilimi na Matasan Hawaiian A Ƙasashen Waje

**Ilimi ga Matasan Hawaii a Ƙasashen Waje** shiri ne na ilimi da gwamnati ke ɗaukar nauyinsa wanda 
ya fara a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 1880, a zamanin Sarki Kalākaua, don taimaka wa ɗalibai su ci gaba da karatunsu fiye da cibiyoyin da ake da su a Hawaii a wancan lokacin. Kalākaua ne ta zaɓe ɗalibai da kansu, bisa ga asalin iyali da kuma ƙwarewar ilimi. An ɗauki nauyin duk wani masauki da kuɗaɗen zama ga ɗaliban da aka zaɓa waɗanda suka yi rajista a jami'ar ƙasashen waje ko kuma waɗanda aka horar a wajen masarautar Hawaii don koyon sana'a.

## Tarihi
Shirin Ilimi ga Matasan Hawaii a Ƙasashen Waje ya fara ne a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 1880.  Ƙarin kuɗaɗen da aka ware don shirin sun kai dala 30,000 a shekarar 1882, dala 25,000 a shekarar 1884, da kuma dala 30,000 a shekarar 1886, jimillar jarin da aka zuba a shirin ya kai dala 100,000. 

Tsakanin 1880 da 1887, an tura matasa 'yan Hawaii guda biyar, maza huɗu da mace ɗaya, don yin karatu a Italiya. Rukunin farko na ɗalibai sune Robert Napuʻuako Boyd, Robert William Wilcox da James Kaneholo Booth, suka bar Honolulu a ranar 30 ga Agusta, 1880, ƙarƙashin kulawar Celso Caesar Moreno . [1] Kalākaua yana son a tura su zuwa makarantar soja ta Prussian; duk da haka, da zarar sun isa Prussia, Moreno ya yanke shawarar cewa makarantar da aka keɓe ba ta da tsarin da Kalākaua ke nufi. Daga ƙarshe an yi wa samarin uku rajista a makarantu uku daban-daban a Livorno, Turin da Naples, bi da bi. [2] A ranar 15 ga Satumba, 1884, Booth ya mutu sakamakon cutar kwalara a makarantarsa. [3] An aika rukuni na biyu na ɗalibai biyu zuwa Kwalejin Sojoji ta Turin a 1887 don shirya don aiki a fannin fasahar al'adu. August Hering ɗaliba ce a fannin sassaka, yayin da Maile Nowlein, 'yar Kanar Samuel Nowlein, ta yi karatun fasaha da kiɗa. Dukansu sun halarci bikin auren Wilcox da Baronessa Gina Sobrero. [4]

## Manazarta
Taron kan Ilimi a kasashen waje

**Dandalin Ilimi a Ƙasashen Waje** ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta 501(c)(3) wadda Ma'aikatar Shari'a da Hukumar Ciniki ta Tarayya suka amince da ita a matsayin Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Ma'auni don fannin ilimi a ƙasashen waje. Tana nan a harabar Kwalejin Dickinson da ke Carlisle, Pennsylvania . An kafa Dandalin a shekarar 2001, yanzu tana da membobi sama da 800 na cibiyoyi waɗanda suka wakilci kashi 90% na ɗaliban Amurka da ke karatu a ƙasashen waje . Membobi galibi kwalejoji da jami'o'i na Amurka ne, ƙungiyoyin masu ba da shirye-shirye, cibiyoyin karɓar baƙi na ƙasashen waje da shirye-shirye da ƙungiyoyin da ke ba da ayyuka ga fannin. 

Manufofin da aka ambata sun haɗa da kafa Ka'idojin Aiki Mai Kyau, gudanar da bincike don tantance sakamakon ilimi a ƙasashen waje da tattara bayanai masu amfani, haɓaka ƙwarewa a tsarin manhaja da kuma fafutukar neman ilimi a ƙasashen waje a kowane mataki. Shugabar Dandalin kuma Shugabar Gudanarwa ita ce Melissa Torres. 

## Tarihi
An fara ƙirƙiro wannan dandalin tattaunawa a San Diego a watan Mayu na 2000 ta hanyar ƙungiyar ƙwararru a fannin ilimi a ƙasashen waje waɗanda suka ji cewa wannan fanni zai buƙaci ƙungiya mai zaman kanta. A watan Janairu na 2001, an ayyana sanarwar ƙungiya da manufofin sabuwar ƙungiyar. Wani taro da aka yi bayan wata guda a Tucson ya haifar da ƙirƙirar sanarwar manufa mai fannoni biyar na manufofi, haɓaka sharuɗɗan zama memba na zaɓe, da kuma kafa ƙananan kwamitoci don samar da Tsarin Sadarwa, Tsarin Kasuwanci, Tsarin Haɗaka, da Tsarin Ayyukan Membobi/Ayyuka. A watan Yuli na 2001, an yanke shawarar sanya shi a matsayin Dandalin Ilimi a Ƙasashen Waje, kuma a cikin shekara mai zuwa, an ƙirƙiri Kwamitin Masu Ba da Shawara kuma an ƙaddamar da neman babban darakta . Dandalin ya ɗauki nauyin taron haɗin gwiwar manhajar Jami'ar Minnesota kuma ya amince ya yi haɗin gwiwa da Frontiers: Mujallar Nazarin Ƙasashen Waje, kuma ya amince ya zama mujallar hukuma ta Dandalin. [1]

## Manazarta
Sabis ɗin Musayar Ilimi na Jamus

Sabis ɗin **Musanya Ilimi na Jamusanci** ( **DAAD** ; German   ), Hukumar Musayar Ilimi ta Jamus e. V. (DAAD), wacce aka kafa a shekarar 1925, ƙungiya ce ta haɗin gwiwa ta jami'o'in Jamus da ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai don haɓaka dangantakarsu ta ƙasa da ƙasa. Joybrato Mukherjee ta kasance Shugaba tun daga ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2020. 

## Ayyuka da Manufofi
DAAD tana da'awar cewa ita ce babbar ƙungiyar bayar da tallafi a duniya don musayar ɗalibai da malamai na duniya. Tun lokacin da aka kafa ta a shekarar 1925, DAAD ta tallafa wa malamai sama da miliyan 3 a Jamus da ƙasashen waje (har zuwa 2024). 

Duk da haka, ayyukanta sun wuce bayar da guraben karatu: haɓaka haɗakar jami'o'in Jamus da bincike a duniya, samar da shawarwari masu mahimmanci ga jami'o'i a fannin haɗakar ƙasashen duniya da kuma batun tallata jami'o'i na ƙasashen duniya, ƙarfafa nazarin Jamusanci, yaren Jamusanci da nazarin Jamusanci a ƙasashen waje, tallafawa ƙasashen Kudu maso Gabas wajen kafa jami'o'i masu inganci da kuma ba da shawara ga masu yanke shawara a manufofin al'adu, manufofin ilimi da manufofin ci gaba.

A shekarar 2024, DAAD, gami da shirye-shiryen EU, sun tallafa wa mutane sama da 140,000 a duk faɗin duniya, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama babbar ƙungiyar bayar da tallafi a duniya. [1] Ayyukanta sun kama daga zangon karatu na ƙasashen waje don ɗaliban digiri na farko da na biyu zuwa karatun digiri na uku, daga horon aiki zuwa laccoci na baƙi, daga ziyarar bayanai zuwa kafa jami'o'i a ƙasashen waje. DAAD tana tallafawa ayyukan ƙasashen duniya na jami'o'in Jamus ta hanyar ayyukan tallatawa, wallafe-wallafe, abubuwan da suka faru da darussan horo, har ma ta hanyar shirye-shiryen kuɗi na musamman don kafa haɗin gwiwar jami'o'i na ƙasashen duniya. [undefined] Ana tallata guraben karatu ga baƙi ta hanyar bayanan tallafin karatu na DAAD [2] kuma ana tallata su ta hanyar ofisoshin jakadancin Jamus, ofisoshin yanki na DAAD, [3] cibiyoyin bayanai (IC), [4] malaman DAAD da jami'o'in haɗin gwiwa a ƙasashen waje. Ofishin ƙasa da ƙasa na jami'a ne ke shirya hulɗa da DAAD ga ɗaliban Jamus. Ɗaya daga cikin banda shine Shirin DAAD Artists-in-Berlin, wanda aka yi niyya ga masu fasaha na gani, marubuta da mawaƙa.

## Manazarta
Ɗalibi na ƙasashen duniya

**Ɗaliban ƙasashen waje** ko **ɗaliban musayar ɗalibai**, waɗanda aka fi sani da **ɗaliban ƙasashen waje**, ɗalibai ne waɗanda ke yin karatun sakandare ko na gaba gaba ɗaya a wata ƙasa da ba tasu ba.

A shekarar 2022, akwai sama da ɗalibai miliyan 6.9 na ƙasashen waje, daga miliyan 5.12 a shekarar 2016. Wuraren da suka fi shahara sune Anglosphere. Musamman ƙasashe uku sun karɓi kashi 39% na ɗaliban ƙasashen waje:  Amurka (tare da ɗaliban ƙasashen waje 1,126,690), Kanada (ɗalibai 842,760), da kuma Burtaniya (ɗalibai 758,855).

## Ma'anoni na Ƙasa
Ma'anar "ɗalibi na ƙasashen waje" da "ɗalibi na ƙasashen waje" sun bambanta daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasa. 

A Amurka, ɗaliban ƙasashen waje "mutane ne da ke karatu a Amurka bisa takardar izinin shiga ta wucin gadi wadda ba ta baƙuwa ba ce, wadda ke ba da damar yin karatu a matakin bayan sakandare."  Yawancin ɗaliban ƙasashen waje a Amurka suna da takardar izinin shiga ta F1. 

A Turai, ɗalibai daga ƙasashen da ke cikin Tarayyar Turai za su iya shiga cikin shirin musayar ɗalibai da ake kira Shirin Erasmus .  Shirin yana ba wa ɗaliban EU damar yin karatu a wasu ƙasashe ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar gwamnati.

Kanada ta bayyana ɗaliban ƙasashen waje a matsayin "ɗaliban da ba 'yan Kanada ba ne waɗanda ba su da matsayin 'mazaunin dindindin' kuma dole ne su sami izinin gwamnatin Kanada don shiga Kanada da niyyar neman ilimi." [undefined] Izinin karatu yana nuna matakin karatu da tsawon lokacin da mutum zai iya karatu a Kanada. Sai dai idan ya ɗauki fiye da watanni shida, ɗaliban ƙasashen waje ba sa buƙatar izinin karatu idan za su kammala karatun a cikin lokacin zama da aka ba da izini bayan shiga. [1] Gidan Ƙasa da Ƙasa na farko na Kanada (I-House), wanda aka shirya don taimaka wa ɗaliban ƙasashen waje su sami gidaje da al'umma, an buɗe shi a shekarar 1959 a Jami'ar British Columbia. [2]

## Manazarta
Dalibai na kasa da kasa a Ostiraliya

Ostiraliya ta kasance ta uku a cikin manyan wuraren karatu a ƙasashen waje, inda jimillar darajar kasuwa ta kai sama da AUD biliyan 5 ( dala biliyan 3.47) da ɗaliban ƙasashen waje suka samar a shekarar 2018.  A shekarar 2023, an yi wa ɗaliban ƙasashen waje 786,891 rajista a shirye-shiryen ilimi a Ostiraliya, wanda ya fi kashi 27% sama da shekarar da ta gabata. A shekarar 2024, ana hasashen cewa wannan zai sake ƙaruwa da kashi 18%.  Suna zuwa ne don samun ingantaccen ilimi, wataƙila ƙaura, ko kuma don fuskantar wata rayuwa daban. Kowace shekara, sabbin ɗalibai na ƙasashen waje da yawa za su yi rajista a darussa na Ostiraliya kuma su ƙara wa ɗaliban ƙasashen waje da suka riga suka zama masu muhimmanci a faɗin ƙasar.

Ostiraliya tana da mafi girman rabon ɗaliban ƙasashen duniya ga kowace mutum a duniya da babban gibi.  A shekarar 2019, ɗaliban ƙasashen waje sun wakilci matsakaicin kashi 26.7% na yawan ɗaliban da ke jami'o'in Ostiraliya. Saboda haka, ilimin ƙasashen duniya yana wakiltar ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙasashen da ake fitarwa zuwa ƙasashen waje kuma yana da tasiri sosai kan alƙaluman ƙasar, tare da babban kaso na ɗaliban ƙasashen waje da ke ci gaba da zama a Ostiraliya bayan kammala karatunsu bisa ga bizar ƙwarewa da aiki daban-daban. 

Ostiraliya tana da mafi girman kaso na ɗaliban ƙasashen duniya a duniya, idan aka kwatanta da jimillar yawan jama'a, [1] tare da ɗalibi 1 na ƙasashen duniya ga kowane mutum 33.6 a cikin 2023 (ɗalibai 786,891, [2] mazauna miliyan 26.45). Idan ci gaban da aka gani a 2024 ya ci gaba, [2] wannan adadin zai ƙaru zuwa 1 cikin 28.8 (3.48% na yawan jama'a).

A cewar bayanai da Gwamnatin Ostiraliya ta fitar a shekarar 2023, kasar Sin ce ta fi kowace kasa yawan daliban da suka shiga kasar zuwa Ostiraliya. Indiya ce ta biyu mafi yawan wadanda suka yi rajista, sai kuma Nepal, Colombia da Philippines . 

## Manazarta
Cibiyar Nazarin Jami'ar Interamerican

**Cibiyar Nazarin Jami'o'in Interamerican (IUSI)** ta mayar da manyan shirye-shiryenta zuwa Ofishin Kasa da Kasa na Tsarin Jami'ar Oregon a shekarar 2009, kuma ta dakatar da ayyukanta a shekara mai zuwa. Don ƙarin bayani game da shirye-shiryen da ake da su a yanzu, duba https://web.archive.org/web/20121015063619/http://oia.pdx.edu/ea/

**Cibiyar Nazarin Jami'o'in Interamerican (IUSI)** tana haɓaka musayar ilimi da al'adu tsakanin Amurka da Latin Amurka don magance buƙatar fahimtar juna tsakanin al'ummomin Amurka. A cikin shekaru 21 da suka gabata, IUSI ta ɗauki nauyin 'yan Amurka sama da 2,000 a birnin Querétaro, Mexico, da kuma Costa Rica . Cibiyar ta gudanar da shirye-shirye masu nasara tare da Kwalejin Dartmouth, Middlebury da Westmont ; Jami'o'in Oregon, Mississippi, Arewacin Arizona, da Mary Hardin-Baylor ; da Jami'ar Katolika ta Amurka . Manyan abokan hulɗa a Querétaro sun haɗa da Jami'ar Autónoma de Querétaro (UAQ ita ce jami'ar jiha); Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Queretaro, da Centro de Educación Artística (CEDART) wata makarantar sakandare ta gwamnati da ke ƙarƙashin Instituto de Bellas Artes ta ƙasa. Manufar shirye-shiryen IUSI shine haɓaka ingantaccen ilmantarwa na ilimi da haɗin kai tsakanin al'ummomin Amurka da Latin Amurka. Kwamitin gudanarwa na IUSI ya hada da Alicia Andreu, Araceli Ardón, David Curland, Juan Armando Epple, Robert M. Jackson da Fernando de Necochea,

Tun daga shekarar 1985, IUSI ta samar da shirye-shiryen zurfafa harshe da al'adu na Sifaniyanci ga ɗaliban jami'a masu digiri na farko da na digiri na biyu. Haka kuma, IUSI tana gudanar da shirye-shirye biyu na makarantun sakandare ga matasa masu ban mamaki, Artes en Mexico da ¡Pura Vida!, wani shiri mai zurfi na ilmin halitta a cikin dajin ruwan sama na Costa Rica. IUSI tana daukar nauyin halartar ɗaliban makarantar sakandare na Mexico a sansanin kiɗan jazz na bazara a Oregon. Tana gudanar da taron bita na kasa da kasa kan fassarar adabi ga mahalarta Mexico da Amurka, wanda yanzu yake shekara ta tara. Tare da haɗin gwiwar Jami'ar Oregon, za ta gabatar da wani sabon taron karawa juna sani kan adabi da harshe na Mexico.

Ana ɗaukar mahalarta a duk faɗin ƙasar; darussa suna gudana daga mako guda zuwa cikakken zangon karatu na kwaleji.
Ayyukan ɗalibai na ƙasa da ƙasa

**Ayyukan ɗalibai na ƙasashen duniya** su ne ayyuka, tallafi da shirye-shirye da ake samu ga ɗaliban ƙasashen waje masu digiri na farko da na digiri na biyu waɗanda cibiyar da suke karatu ke bayarwa. An ƙirƙiro waɗannan ayyuka don biyan buƙatun ɗaliban ƙasashen waje a lokacin karatunsu na bayan sakandare kuma za su iya haɗawa da: shirye-shiryen jagoranci, ba da shawara kan shige da fice, tallafin ilimi da harshe, tallafin kuɗi, ayyukan aiki, tallafin lafiya da walwala, tallafin zama da gidaje, shirye-shiryen zamantakewa, da tallafin tsara bayan kammala karatun. 

## Tarihi

### Kanada
Ayyukan kula da harkokin ɗalibai sun fara bayyana a Kanada a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19  amma sai da aka kafa Ƙungiyar Ba da Shawara da Sanya Jami'a (UCPA) a shekarar 1958 ne aka haɗa da ba da shawara ga ɗalibai na ƙasashen duniya a matsayin sabis da ƙwararrun harkokin ɗalibai ke bayarwa. 

Ɗalibai daga wasu ƙasashe suna zuwa karatu a kwalejoji da jami'o'i a Kanada tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1800 amma sun ƙaru sosai bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, wanda ya haifar da kafa ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Friendly Relations with Overseas Students.  Kwanan nan kuma an fi mai da hankali kan "sanya cibiyoyin karatun Kanada a ƙasashen waje", wanda ya haifar da ƙarin ɗaukar ɗalibai na ƙasashen waje da gangan; tare da sama da kashi 95% na jami'o'in Kanada ciki har da haɗakar ƙasashen duniya a cikin shirin dabarunsu.  Fa'idodin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, ilimi da siyasa na haɗakar ƙasashen duniya sun kasance babban abin ƙarfafa gwiwa don ɗaukar dabarun haɗakar ƙasashen duniya a cikin yawancin cibiyoyin ilimi na Kanada. 

Lokacin da aka kafa Hulɗar Abokan Ciniki da Ɗaliban Ƙasashen Waje, akwai ɗaliban ƙasashen waje 6,000 a Kanada; zuwa shekarar 2017 akwai ɗaliban ƙasashen waje 494,525 a Kanada, tare da 370,710 da ke karatu a manyan makarantu; [undefined] a shekarar 2018, wannan adadin ya ninka zuwa kimanin ɗaliban ƙasashen waje 721,000. [undefined] A cewar Ofishin Ilimi na Ƙasashen Duniya na Kanada (CBIE), wannan adadin ya karu zuwa ɗaliban ƙasashen waje 530,540 da ke karatu a Kanada a dukkan matakan karatu a shekarar 2020. [2] Waɗannan ɗaliban sun fito ne daga ko'ina cikin duniya, inda yawancinsu suka fito daga Indiya da China. [2] Ontario tana da mafi yawan adadin ɗaliban ƙasashen waje da ke karatu a faɗin lardin bayan British Columbia. [3] A shekarar 2018, ɗaliban ƙasashen waje a Kanada sun ba da gudummawar kimanin dala biliyan 21.6 ga GDP na Kanada kuma a shekarar 2016 sun tallafa wa kusan ayyukan yi 170,000 ga ɗaliban matsakaicin matsayi na Kanada. [1]

## Manazarta
Miss Diva 2020

**Miss Diva 2020** ita ce bugu na 8 na gasar kyau ta Miss Diva da aka gudanar a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu 2020. An fitar da jimillar ’yan takara 20 daga gasar a Indiya. Vartika Singh ta lashe Adline Castelino a matsayin magajinta kuma ta wakilci Indiya a Miss Universe 2020 . Shefali Sood ta lashe Aavriti Choudhary a matsayin magajinta kuma ta wakilci Indiya a Miss Supranational 2021 . Miss Diva 2018 mai gudu Roshni Sheoran ta lashe Neha Jaiswal a matsayin magajinta. Anntonia Porsild, Miss Supranational 2019 ta halarci taron. Wannan shine bugu na farko na Miss Diva a ƙarƙashin Fashion Liva Fluid .  

## Bayani
A shekarar 2019, Liva Fluid Fashion [1] [2] ta sami haƙƙin ɗaukar nauyin gasar Miss Diva . A ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 2019, ƙungiyar ta sanar a wani taron manema labarai cewa za a gudanar da gasar a watan Fabrairu 2020. [3] An zaɓi waɗanda suka fafata ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje a birane daban-daban a faɗin ƙasar. Waɗanda suka fafata a gasar sun shiga zagaye na ƙarshe na gwaji a Mumbai inda aka zaɓi manyan waɗanda suka yi nasara. Lara Dutta, Miss Universe 2000, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara. [4]

### Tsarin
An gabatar da sabon tsari daga ƙungiyar. An zaɓi manyan 'yan takara 10 bisa ga rawar da suka taka a ɓangaren  da kuma hirar sirri. Manyan 'yan takara 10 sun sami damar yin magana game da kansu a cikin sanarwar buɗewa. Sun ƙara yin gasa a cikin rigunan ninkaya da riguna na yamma don tantance biyar na ƙarshe. An yi wa dukkan manyan 'yan takara biyar tambaya. An kammala su cikin uku na farko.

## Manazarta
Miss Diva 2019

**Miss Diva 2019** ita ce bugu na 7 na gasar kyau ta Miss Diva da aka gudanar a ranar 26 ga Satumba 2019. Miss Universe India 2018, Nehal Chudasama ta lashe Vartika Singh a matsayin magajin ta. Ta wakilci Indiya a Miss Universe 2019 wanda aka gudanar a Atlanta, Georgia .   Shefali Sood ta samu kambi a matsayin Miss Supranational India 2019 ta magabata, Aditi Hundia kuma ta wakilci Indiya a Miss Supranational 2019 da aka gudanar a Poland . Hakanan, an zaɓi Varun Verma a matsayin wakilin Indiya a gasar Mister Supranational 2019 .

## Bayani
A shekarar 2019, Liva Fluid Fashion ta sami haƙƙin ɗaukar nauyin gasar Miss Diva daga tsohon mai ɗaukar nauyin, Yamaha Fascino . An tsara gudanar da bugu na farko a ƙarƙashin tallafinsu a shekarar 2020. [1] Tunda babu wani gasa a hukumance a shekarar 2019, ƙungiyar Miss India ta naɗa wakilan Indiya na gasar ƙasashen duniya. An zaɓi wakilan Miss Diva da suka gabace ta don shiga gasar Miss Universe ta 2019 da kuma gasar Miss Supranational ta 2019. Kangana Ranaut ta yi wa sabbin masu kambun - Vartika Singh, Shefali Sood da Varun Verma a wani biki. [2] [3]

## Manazarta
Yusuf Tallan

**Janar Talan** ko **Janar **Yuusuf Talan**** ko kawai Yuusuf Tilan, (Somali: , Larabci: جنرال يوسف تلن), ya kasance Janar na SNA, Sojojin Kasa na Somaliya . 

## Tarihin rayuwa
Talan dan asalin yankin Awdal ne na Somaliland kuma dan kabilar Musafin (Musafiin), Habr 'Affan (Habar Cafaan) ne na kabilar Gadabursi (Gadabuursi). A cikin shekarunsa na farko a matsayin soja na aiki wanda ke son sana'arsa. Ya yi horo a Sandhurst, Birtaniya, ya koma Jamhuriyar Somaliya a farkon shekarun sittin. Ya yi aikin soja har sai da ya kai ga kololuwar matsayi a matakin sojan Somaliya. An gudanar da wani biki a cibiyar hafsan soji da ke Mogadishu don tsara shi. Jami’an sojan da ke wurin sun yi masa tarba tare da jinjina masa na tsawon mintuna biyar[1]. [mafi kyawun tushe da ake bukata]

A lokacin mulkin Siad Barre ya kasance Brigadier-janar.

## Mutuwa
A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2000 a Mogadishu, maza da ba a san su ba sun harbe Yusuf Tallan, An harbe shi bayan ya ki shiga cikin abin hawa tare da maza. An danganta kisan da sarkin yaƙi Osman Ali Atto saboda yarjejeniyar kasuwanci ta Atto a arewa da kuma yiwuwar yarjejeniya tsakanin Shugaba Egal da Atto na Somaliland don lalata kudu. Janar Galal, shugaban Kwamitin Tsaro na Kasa, shi ma yana da alaƙa da kisan; akwai zargin cewa yana iya kashe Tallan don hana shi zama shugaban Kwamitin tsaro na Kasa. An nada Tallan a matsayin shugaban kwamitin da zai kula da sake farfado da mayakan kasar. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2000, Shugaban Somaliya ya ba da sanarwar cewa 'yan sanda sun kama wadanda ake zargi da kisan Tallan da taimakon kasashen waje.

## Manazarta
Yusuf Moalin Amin

**Yusuf Moalin Amin** ɗan siyasa ne na Somaliya . Shi ne Ministan Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa da Sufurin Ruwa na Somaliya, wanda Firayim Minista Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed ya naɗa a matsayin a ranar 17 ga Janairun 2014. 

## Manazarta
Darul Uloom Zakariyya

**Darul Uloom Zakariyya** (Arabic) madrasa ce a Lenasia, Afirka ta Kudu . An buɗe shi a 1983 a wani yanki na noma ba da nisa da Johannesburg ba, yanzu an kewaye shi da wani yanki wanda aka sanya masa suna don girmama shi (Zakariyya Park). Da farko an kira cibiyar Madrasah Zakariyya kuma a ƙarshe an canza ta zuwa Darul Uloom Zakariyya don nuna ainihin manufarta ta ilimi a matsayin Cibiyar Ilimi ta Musulunci. Tun lokacin da aka fara shi, madrasa ya fadada kuma yanzu ya haɗa da reshe a Eikenhof, wani yanki mai nisan kilomita 73; yana ba da bukatun kusan matasa 700 na Hifz - da Maktab a Mandane, Soweto. Madrasa ta samar da kyawawan tsofaffi da shugabannin al'umma.

## Kwalejin Nazarin
Darul Uloom Zakariyya yana da fannoni shida na karatu kuma ya dogara ne akan tsarin karatun Dars-e-Nizami da aka samu a cikin yawancin Darul:

* Hifdhul-Alkur'ani - Tunawa da Alkur'ani al-Kareem .
* Aalimiyah - Nazarin Shari'a da Kimiyya na Musulunci. Cikakken karatun zai ɗauki kusan shekaru bakwai kuma a al'adance za a ba da taken Maulana ga mai kammala karatun da ya ci nasara.
* Tajweed da Qira'aat - Kimiyya na Alkur'ani Phonetics da Renditions (Qira'aal Sab'aah da 'Asharah): An fara wannan ne a shekarar 1988.
* Shirin Mufti" id="mwJQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Mufti">Iftaa - Kwarewa a Kimiyya na Shari'a da Bincike na Musulunci. Nasarar kammalawar ta haifar da ba wa ɗalibi taken Mufti . Ya kasance mai aiki tun 1987 a karkashin kulawar Mufti Radha al-Haqq . An kafa Darul Iftaa a shekarar 1992.
* Larabci Adab - Kwarewa a cikin wallafe-wallafen Larabci.
* Ilimi na duniya - Daga aji tara zuwa karatun digiri tare da batutuwa biyu (Turanci & Lissafi) da aka gabatar a shekara ta farko.

## Shahararrun ɗalibai

* https://islamicmarkets.com/scholars/ustaz-abdul-latif-bin-ahmad-subki  An adana shi   Abdul Latif bin Ahmad Subki

* https://planomasjid.org/taqwa-seminary/mufti-mohammed-wasim-khan/  An adana shi   Mohammed Wasim Khan

* Mufti Abdur Rahman ibn Yusuf Mangera
* Maulana Moavia Azam Tariq
* Imam Mohammad Yasir Khan 

## Dubi kuma

* Yunkurin Deobandi a Afirka ta Kudu
* Jerin madrasas na Deobandi

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Dos.co.za - Shafin yanar gizon hukuma
* Youtube.com - bidiyon YouTube da ke nuna Taron kammala karatun Hafiz
Sana Ullah

**Muhammad Sanallah** (Bengali; 1 ga Maris 1905 - 13 ga Fabrairu 1963) Masanin addinin Musulunci ne, lauya kuma ɗan siyasa daga Gabashin Pakistan a lokacin. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Dokokin Bengal (MLA) a Indiya ta Burtaniya.

## Haihuwar haihuwa da farkon rayuwa
An haifi Sanaullah a ranar 1 ga Maris 1905 a ƙauyen North Madarsha na Hathazari, Gundumar Chittagong, Shugabancin Bengal . Shi kaɗai ne ɗan mahaifinsa Anar Ali da mahaifiyarsa Rafeya Khatun. Mahaifinsa jami'in ne a karkashin Birtaniya a Akyab, Myanmar ta yanzu. Ya yi karatu a Darul Uloom Hathazari kuma ya sami digiri a Dawrae Hadith (Title) daga Mazahir Uloom Saharanpur, Indiya . Ya kammala karatu daga Darul Uloom Deoband a 1926. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;**&#x5D;

A shekara ta 1927, ya wuce karatun sakandare daga makarantar sakandare ta Hathazari Parvati . Ya wuce I.A daga Kwalejin Chittagong a 1929. Ya wuce BA daga Kwalejin Shugaban kasa ta Calcutta a 1931. Bayan haka ya wuce MA daga Jami'ar Cambridge . Ya sami Digiri na Bar-at-Law daga Jami'ar Lincoln's Inn a 1934. Ya sami digiri na PhD daga Jami'ar London a shekarar 1935. 

## Ayyuka
Sanaullah ya wuce jarrabawar ma'aikatan gwamnati ta Indiya sau biyu a 1932 da 1933. Ya fara aikinsa a matsayin malami a Jami'ar Calcutta kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Mai Bincike a Sashen Tarihin Larabci, Farisa da Musulunci na tsawon shekaru 12. A shekara ta 1942, jam'iyyar PSC ta Indiya ta zabi shi zuwa manyan mukamai da muhimmanci. An zabi shi na karshe a matsayin 'Farfesa' (daidai da ICS) a cikin Babban Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Yammacin Bengal . A shekara ta 1947, ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan Jama'a na Tarayya a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Indiya. Shekaru takwas, ya kasance Shugaban Hukumar Gundumar Chittagong da Shugaban Hukumar Makaranta. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Jami'in Shari'a na Gazetted, aji na farko, a Babban Kotun Calcutta . 

A shekara ta 1958, an nada shi Kwamishinan Ƙarin da'awar ga Gwamnatin Tsakiya ta Pakistan kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin muhimmin jami'in. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Administrator na Babban Kotun Dhaka har zuwa mutuwarsa. 

Sanaullah ya shiga Maniruzzaman Islamabadi da Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind kuma ya fara aikinsa na siyasa. Ya taka rawar goyon baya a cikin yunkurin adawa da Birtaniya tare da Jam'iyyar All India Congress Party karkashin jagorancin Mohandas Gandhi da Jawaharlal Nehru . An zabe shi MLA sau biyu daga mazabar Arewacin Chittagong na Majalisar Lardin Bengal na Indiya marar rarraba a cikin 1937 da 1945.

## Mutuwa
Sanaullah ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu 1963 a Dacca, Gabashin Pakistan . An binne shi a makabartar iyalinsa a Arewacin Madarsha, Chittagong . MP Anisul Islam Mahmud shi ne jikansa.

## Manazarta
Sufi Azizur Rahman

**Ṣūfī ʿAzīzur Raḥmān** (Bengal_language" id="mwCg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Bengali language" typeof="mw:Transclusion">Bengali; 1862-1922) masanin tauhidin Musulmi ne, malami kuma mai gyarawa. Bayan da Abdul Wahid Bengali ya rinjaye shi a rayuwarsa ta dalibi, ya zama mai alaƙa da yaduwar ƙungiyar Deobandi zuwa Bengal. A shekara ta 1896, ya kafa Al-Jamiatul Ahlia Darul Ulum Moinul Islam .

## Rayuwa ta farko da iyali
An haifi Azizur Rahman a shekara ta 1862 ga dangin musulmin Bengali a kauyen Babunagar a cikin Fatikchhari, gundumar Chittagong. Iyalan sun samo asali ne daga zuriyar Halifa Abubakar. A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, an san shi da tsafta da tawali’u kuma ana yi masa laqabi da Sufi Saheb. [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need]

Ya fara karatunsa ne a Babunagar, kuma daga baya ya shiga makarantar Mohsinia Madrasa a Chittagong . Yayinda yake karatu ga Jamat-e-Ula, an gabatar da shi ga Abdul Wahid Bengali . An yi wahayi zuwa gare shi bayan ya ji karatun Alkur'ani na Bengali, kuma ya fara karanta masa Alkur'an a kai a kai. Abdul Wahid daga baya ya kai shi ga Abdus Samad Pandit don makarantar addini. Daga ƙarshe, Azizur Rahman ya sami mafi girma a jarrabawar Jamat-e-Ula.

## Ayyuka
Don mayar da martani ga hauhawar jarrabawar Jamat-e-Ula, ma'aikatan Mohsinia Madrasa sun nemi Azizur Rahman ya kasance a cikin madrasa a matsayin malami. Koyaya, bai ɗauki wannan rawar ba, saboda ba ya son aikin da ya dogara da gwamnatin Burtaniya. Maimakon haka, ya shiga ƙungiyar Deobandi mai adawa da mulkin mallaka a ƙarƙashin mai ba da shawara Abdul Wahid Bengali . Su biyun sun haɗu da Habibullah Qurayshi da Abdul Hamid Madarshahi don kafa Al-Jamiatul Ahlia Darul Ulum Moinul Islam a Hathazari . Shekaru biyu zuwa uku bayan kafa ta, Azizur Rahman ya fara koyarwa a ma'aikatar kuma ya kasance a cikin wannan rawar na shekaru goma zuwa goma sha biyar.

Azizur Rahman ya lura da rashin wuraren koyar da addini a Fatikchhari. A matsayin mafita, ya kafa Al Jamiatul Arabi Nasirul Islam a cikin Nazirhat Bazar. Bayan ƴan shekaru sai ya baiwa Nur Ahmad amanar makarantar makarantar, ya tafi ƙauyen kakansa a Babunagar. Shirinsa shi ne ya kafa madrasa a Babunagar. [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need]

## Mutuwa da gado
Azizur Rahman ya rasu a shekara ta 1922, kafin ya kafa makarantar madrasa ta Babunagar. Ya rasu ya bar ‘ya’ya hudu ciki har da Haruna Babunagari, wanda ya kafa Al-Jamiatul Islamiah Azizul Uloom Babunagar a kasar mahaifinsa. Ɗan Haruna shi ne Muhibbullah Babunagari, Amir na Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh. Jikan Azizur Rahman, Fatima Khatun, ita ce mahaifiyar Junaid Babunagari, tsohon Amir na Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh. [hujja ta tushe] [abubuwan da ake bukata]

## Manazarta
Noriyuki Makihara

Noriyuki Makihara, wanda magoya bayansa suka ba shi lakabi da Mackey, mawaƙi ne kuma marubucin waƙoƙin gargajiya na Japan. Ya sayar da jimlar miliyan 21 a Japan kadai.

## Tarihin rayuwa

Makihara ya fara fitowa a fagen J-Pop a farkon '90s bayan ya yi wasan kwaikwayo a shirin gasar waƙoƙin talabijin. Ya yi wa kansa suna tare da sakin waƙoƙi kamar su "Mou Koi Nante Shinai" da "Donna Toki mo". duka biyun, daga cikin wasu da yawa, masu zane-zane na yanzu sun rufe su har zuwa yau (ciki harshe-zane na Turanci da wasu masu zane-zanen Amurka suka yi amfani da su a cikin harsuna, kuma "Donna Tocks" musamman don wasan da aka yi amfani da shi.

Yawancin abubuwan da ke cikin waƙoƙinsa sun kewaye da batun soyayya, kodayake jigogi na farin ciki mai zurfi, tunatarwa, godiya da zurfin al'amuran ruhaniya na yanayin ɗan adam sun zama mafi rinjaye a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.

A shekara ta 1999, an dakatar da shi na watanni 18 a kurkuku saboda mallakar amphetamines.

A shekara ta 2003 ya zama sananne ne saboda ya kirkiro "Sekai ko Hitotsu Dake no Hana"" wanda ƙungiyar yarinya ta Japan SMAP ta rubuta kuma ta sayar da miliyoyin biyu.

A ranar 13 ga watan Fabrairun 2020, an kama Makihara saboda zargin mallakar kayan motsawa ba bisa ka'ida ba, yayin da 'yan sanda suka sami gram 0.083 na kayan motsawa a gidansa a Minato Ward na Tokyo a watan Afrilun 2018.  A ranar 2 ga watan Agustan 2020, an yanke wa Makihara hukuncin shekaru 2 a kurkuku, Kotun Gundumar Tokyo ta dakatar da shi na tsawon shekaru 3.

## A cikin al'adun gargajiya
A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2025, Makihara ya zama sananne a Indonesia saboda an bayyana cewa a lokacin da ya yi fim din bidiyon kiɗa na "Mou Koi Nante Shinai", ya yi kama da Joko Widodo ko Jokowi, tsohon shugaban Indonesia. Yawancin 'yan Indonesiya sun kuma bayyana cewa bidiyon kiɗa na waƙar ya bayyana a shafin su na YouTube, kuma wasu dandamali na kafofin sada zumunta suma suna cike da memes da ke kwatanta Makihara da Jokowi.

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin masu fasahar kiɗa mafi kyawun sayarwa a Japan

## Bayanan da aka ambata