Pauline Agassiz Shaw

**Pauline Agassiz Shaw** (Fabrairu 6, 1841 - Fabrairu 10, 1917) ta kasance mai ba da agaji na Amurka kuma mai gyara zamantakewa wanda ya buɗe wuraren kula da yara, gidaje, da sauran cibiyoyi a Boston don taimakawa sabbin baƙi da matalauta. Ta ba da kuɗin Makarantun yara na jama'a (shekaru goma bayan haka makarantun jama'a na Boston sun karɓi wannan ra'ayi), kuma ta kafa makarantar kasuwanci ta farko ta Amurka, Makarantar North Bennet Street . Ta kuma kasance mai ba da shawara ga haƙƙin mata.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Pauline Agassiz a Neuchâtel, Switzerland a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1841. Mahaifinta shi ne masanin halitta na Switzerland Louis Agassiz . A shekara ta 1850, ta koma tare da iyalinta zuwa Cambridge, Massachusetts, inda mahaifinta ya kasance farfesa a fannin ilimin dabbobi da ilimin ƙasa a Jami'ar Harvard. [1] Ya kasance a Amurka, mahaifinta ya sake auren Elizabeth Cabot Cary, wanda ya kafa Kwalejin Radcliffe. Mahaifiyarta ta kasance babbar tasiri ga rayuwar Pauline.

A shekara ta 1860, tana da shekaru 19, Pauline ta auri Quincy Adams Shaw . Suna da 'ya'ya biyar: Pauline, Marian, Louis Agassiz Shaw, Sr., Quincy Adams, da Robert Gould II.

Ta auri wani mai saka hannun jari mai arziki daga sanannen iyalin Brahmin na Boston, Pauline Agassiz Shaw ta yi amfani da sabon arzikinta da matsayi na zamantakewa don taimakawa matalauta na Boston. A wannan lokacin, dubban yawancin baƙi na Irish, Yahudawa, da Italiyanci sun koma Arewacin Boston, da yawa daga cikinsu matalauta, marasa ƙwarewa, kuma ba su da Turanci. Don samar musu da horo na aiki, ta kafa makarantar kasuwanci ta farko ta Amurka,  Makarantar Masana'antu ta Arewacin Bennet Street (daga baya aka sake masa suna Makarantar Arewacin B Bennett Street), wanda har yanzu ke aiki a Arewacin End. Yin aiki tare da abokiyarta mai kyau Elizabeth Palmer Peabody, ta ba da kuɗin makarantun yara goma sha huɗu na jama'a daga 1878 kuma ta ba da zanga-zangar jama'a game da amfanin su. Makarantun Jama'a na Boston za su karɓi samfurin a ƙarshen 1880s. Ta bude "nurseries na rana", ko cibiyoyin kula da rana, don samar da yanayi mai aminci ga 'ya'yan mata masu aiki, da kuma "gidajen unguwa" a Boston da Cambridge inda iyalai ke karɓar ayyukan zamantakewa. Wadannan gidajen unguwa, ko Gidajen zama, ba su da yawa a lokacin su saboda duk mazaunan yankin suna maraba da su ba tare da la'akari da launin fata ba. Ɗaya, Margaret Fuller Neighborhood House, har yanzu yana aiki a yau. Sauran sun haɗa da: Gidan Gida, 1876; Gidan Yara (yanzu Gidan Gidan Garin Roxbury), 1878; Gidan Ginin Moore Street, 1879; Gidan Gasar Ginin Ruggles Street, 1877; Makarantar Masana'antu ta Arewa Bennett Street, 1881; Gidan Sabis, 1901; da Gidan Sabon Jama'a, 1902 kafa.

Mai karfi mai ba da shawara game da haƙƙin mata, ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar kungiyar Boston Equal Suffrage Association for Good Government na tsawon shekaru 16, kuma ta goyi bayan *Jaridar Mata*, jaridar mako-mako. Ita da mijinta sun kuma ba da shawara don sake fasalin kurkuku.

Ta mutu daga cutar huhu a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, 1917, a gidanta a Jamaica Plain .  Ana tunawa da ita a shafuka daban-daban guda biyu a kan Hanyar Tarihin Mata ta Boston, ɗaya a kan North End Walk kuma ɗayan a kan Jamaica Plain walk. An sanya wa makarantar firamare ta Pauline Agassiz Shaw a Boston suna don girmama ta. An nuna ta a kan tafiye-tafiye biyu da Jamaica Plain Historical Society ta bayar: Yawon shakatawa na Monument Square wanda ya wuce takardar tunawa da ɗaya daga cikin makarantun yara na farko da kuma yawon shakatawa na Jamaica Pond wanda ya wuce gidanta a bakin tekun Pond.

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Works by or about Pauline Agassiz Shawa cikinTarihin Intanet
* Pauline Agassiz Shawa cikin ɗakunan karatu (WorldCatkatako)