Kungiyar Kifi da namun daji ta Amurka

The Native American Fish and Wildlife Society (NAFWS) kungiya ce mai zaman kanta kuma kungiya ce ta kabilanci a Amurka da aka kafa ba bisa ka'ida ba a farkon shekarun 1980. An kafa NAFWS a cikin 1983 don haɓaka cibiyar sadarwa ta ƙasa don musayar bayanai da dabarun gudanarwa da suka shafi kifi na kabilanci da kuma kula da namun daji.

## Tarihi
A farkon 70s da farkon 80s, yawancin kabilun 'Yan asalin Amurka a Amurka sun fara daukar matakin da ya fi dacewa don gudanar da albarkatun su, musamman kifi da albarkatunsa na daji. Wannan ya samo asali ne daga karuwar yawon bude ido a wuraren ajiya wanda ya haɗa da damar nishaɗi kamar farauta da kamun kifi. An kafa wannan ta hanyar dokar da Majalisa ta kafa, Dokar Jama'a 93-638 da aka fi sani da Dokar Gudanar da Kai da Ilimi ta Indiya. Wannan ya biyo bayan shari'o'i da yawa, ciki har da New Mexico v. Mescalero Apache Tribe, Washington v. Confederated Tribes of the Colville Indian Reservation da White Mountain Apache Tribe v. Bracker, waɗanda Kotun Koli ta ji, wanda ya amince da ikon mallakar kabilun da ikon sarrafa nasu kifi da albarkatun namun daji a cikin iyakokin waje na ajiya. Wadannan hakkoki suna ci gaba da kalubalantar su a hanyoyi daban-daban ta gwamnatocin Jiha da Tarayya a yau.

Wadannan ayyukan sun haifar da kafa kungiyar kasa, wacce aka kafa don taimakawa kabilun a ci gaba da kare kifin Indiya da albarkatun namun daji. An kafa kungiyar ne a shekarar 1982 ta hanyar wasu mutane masu sadaukarwa wadanda suka taru a watan Yulin 1981 a yankin Warm Springs don halartar Taron Kifi da Kayan daji na Tribal wanda 'yan asalin ƙasar da Ofishin Harkokin Indiya suka tallafawa. A can ne mutane da yawa, daga cikinsu Nathan "Eight Ball" Jim, Gerald "Buzz" Cobell, Herschel Mays, Doug Dompier, Phillip Stago, Jr., John Antonio, John Smith, Levi George, Butch Blazer da sauransu, sun taimaka wajen fitowa da dabarun bunkasa kungiyar kasa da aka sani yanzu da Native American Fish and Wildlife Society (NAFWS). Buzz Cobell ya shirya taron kasa na farko a Great Falls, Montana a shekarar 1982. Ƙabilar Blackfeet ta dauki bakuncin taron Indiya / Eskimo Fish and Wildlife na kasa. Wannan taron ya ba da tushe da kuma motsawa ga taron farko na Society, inda aka zabi Kwamitin Daraktoci na farko. An zabi Mista Cobell a matsayin Shugaban kungiyar na farko. Sauran takwas da za su yi aiki a wannan matsayi tun daga lokacin: John Smith, John Antonio, Patricia Zakovec, Don Sampson, Ron Skates, Butch Blazer, Matthew "Cully" Vanderhoop da Joe Jay Pinkham III. Tare da layin shugabanni, kungiyar tana da Daraktoci biyar tun 1982. Wadannan sun hada da; Dewey Schwalenberg, Ella Mulford, Ken Poynter, Ira Newbreast da Donald "Fred" Matt.

## Yankuna da Ƙasa
A yau akwai yankuna bakwai na Society wanda ya hada da: Pacific, Southwest, Great Plains, Great Lakes, North East, Southeast, da Alaska - wanda shine yankin karshe da ya shiga Society a shekarar 1992. An kafa kungiyar ne a kan sanin cewa ba tare da dabbobi na daji ba, za a hana rayuwa kuma a wulakanta ta, cewa za su motsa mutane ta hanyar babban asiri na halitta. Ƙabilun Indiyawan da aka amince da su a cikin ƙananan Amurka 48 suna da iko a kan tushen ƙasa na ajiya na fiye da kadada miliyan 52, ko murabba'in kilomita 81,250. Ƙasar 'yan asalin Alaska sun ƙunshi wasu kadada miliyan 45. Ga yawancin 'yan asalin Amurka, wannan ƙasar tana ba da tushen addini, al'adu, da tattalin arziki. Indiyawa da wadanda ba Indiyawa ba suna amfani da wannan tushe don dalilai na nishaɗi. Har ila yau, suna dauke da wuraren zama waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga dawo da nau'o'in da aka jera a matsayin masu barazana ko masu haɗari.

## Aikin
Manufar NAFWS a matsayin kungiya mai zaman kanta ita ce ta taimaka wa kabilun / ƙauyuka na Alaska inda ya yiwu tare da kariya, adanawa da haɓaka amfani mai hikima na kifi na 'yan asalin Amurka da albarkatun namun daji da wuraren zama masu alaƙa. Manufofin kungiyar sune sadaka, ilimi, kimiyya da al'adu. Babban manufar sune kamar haka:

* Taimaka wajen sauƙaƙewa da daidaita hanyoyin sadarwa tsakanin kabilun game da batutuwan kifi da namun daji ciki har da batutuwar haƙƙin yarjejeniya
* Shari'o'in kotu waɗanda zasu iya samun mummunar tasiri a kan gudanar da kifi na kabilanci
* Dokokin namun daji da farauta / kamun kifi
* Koyar da 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka da ke da hannu a cikin kifi da kula da namun daji
* Bayar da masu yanke shawara game da manufofi da sauran manajojin albarkatun kasa na mafi kyawun ayyukan gudanarwa
* Bayar da ƙwarewar tallafin gudanarwa da shawarwari ga gwamnatocin kabilun kamar yadda ya shafi kifi da namun daji da albarkatun nishaɗi
* Inganta jin daɗin mutanen ƙabilar gaba ɗaya ta hanyar ilimi da taimakon fasaha
* Samar da wallafe-wallafen kwararru, ayyukan gabatarwa da tarurruka waɗanda ke ba da dandalin tattaunawa don yada bayanai ga membobin al'umma da sauran kungiyoyin da ba na Indiya ba, jami'an gwamnati da jama'a gaba ɗaya.

## Kudin
Babban tushen kudade ga Society ya fito ne daga kudade na shekara-shekara daga Majalisa wanda ake gudanarwa ta hanyar hukumomin tarayya daban-daban. Koyaya, Ƙungiyar ta kuma dogara da kudade daga tushe da yawa waɗanda ba na gwamnati ba waɗanda suka haɗa da gudummawar masu zaman kansu da membobin. Al'umma kungiya ce da ke motsa membobin, tare da 1300 da membobin mutum da kabilun da yawa waɗanda ke da alaƙa.

## Ayyuka
An saki bidiyo da yawa na talla don taimakawa al'umma a kokarin da suke yi, gami da "Our Native American Wildlife Heritage" (1987), "Circle of Life" (1992) da kuma "Keepers of the Circle" a (1994). Horarwa da ilimi suma mahimman abubuwan da al'umma ke mayar da hankali. Sally Carufel Williams ce ta fara "Youth Practicum" a hukumance a shekarar 1991. Dalibai da yawa sun shiga cikin shirin, kuma wasu daga cikinsu sun shiga cikin kula da albarkatun kasa na kabilanci kuma wasu dalibai sun ci gaba da zama shugabannin kabilanci da kansu. Har ila yau, al'umma ta ba da shirye-shiryen horo da yawa, gami da: tilasta bin doka, kifi da kula da namun daji, cututtukan da ke lalacewa, VHS, da Kwayar cutar tsuntsaye. Kwanan nan al'umma ta hayar da masu ilimin halitta wadanda ke ba da horo da taimakon fasaha game da batutuwan cututtuka da sauran buƙatun kifi da kula da namun daji inda ya yiwu.

A farkon shekarun 1990s, kungiyar ta tafi Majalisa don neman kudade don shirin bison wanda zai taimaka wajen kawo kabilun tare a kokarin su na sake kafa garken bison a ƙasashensu. A cikin 1991 mambobi da yawa na kwamitin al'umma da manajojin bison na kabilanci sun gudanar da taro kan yadda za a inganta wannan. A cikin 1992 an ba da tallafin farko ga al'umma don ci gaban hadin gwiwar Inter-Tribal Bison Cooperative (ITBC).

Ƙabilun da ke shiga suna cikin yanayi na musamman saboda ci gaban albarkatun kasa na kabilanci galibi suna fuskantar batutuwa kamar matsin lamba don ci gaban ƙasa, barazanar haƙƙin yarjejeniya, iko mai yawa, da kabilun da suka rasa tushe na ƙasa. Don magance waɗannan batutuwan, ƙungiyar ƙungiyoyin albarkatun ƙasa na Ƙungiya sun haɗu don karɓar bakuncin taron albarkatun halitta na ƙabilar.

A cikin 1993, kabilun membobin kungiyar sun haɗu don samun kudade ga ofisoshin kula da albarkatun kasa ta hanyar doka. Kungiyar Kifi da namun daji ta Amurka ta jagoranci wannan gwagwarmaya. An gabatar da HR 2874 a cikin Majalisar Wakilai. Kudin ya kasance mai taken "Dokar Inganta Kifi da albarkatun namun daji ta Indiya ta 1993." Kudin ya yi niyyar sake tabbatarwa da kare farauta, kamun kifi, da haƙƙin tattarawa na Indiya da kuma samar da kiyayewa, gudanarwa mai hankali, ingantawa, ci gaba da tsari da amfani da albarkatar. Hakanan zai kara karfin kabilanci da sassauci wajen sarrafa kifi da albarkatun namun daji don ci gaba da amfanin mutanen Indiya. An haɓaka wani bangare na gudanarwa a ƙarƙashin lissafin. Kudin ya wuce ta Majalisar Wakilai. An gabatar da shi a cikin 1994 a gefen Majalisar Dattijai a ƙarƙashin S. 1526 a ƙarƙashin taken "Indian Fish and Wildlife Resource Management Act of 1994." Jihohin sun nuna cikakken ƙarfi don adawa da lissafin. Babban gardamar su ita ce za a yi amfani da kuɗin da aka samar daga Dokar Pittman-Robertson da Dokar Dingell-Johnson (PRDJ) don waɗannan shirye-shiryen a ƙarƙashin lissafin. PRDJ haraji ne na haraji akan sayen duk kayan aiki don farauta, kamun kifi, yawo, da sansani. Ana rarraba kudaden zuwa sashen albarkatun kasa a kowace jiha da yankin Amurka kuma an raba su bisa ga yawan ƙasa na kowace jiha. Ƙabilun suna jayayya cewa tun da jihohi ke amfani da ajiyar kabilanci don lissafin jimlar ƙasar cewa kabilun sun cancanci yanke kudade don sassan albarkatun ƙasa. An gabatar da lissafin a Majalisar Dattijai.

## Manazarta