Lovisa Åhrberg

**Maria ''Lovisa'' Åhrberg** ko ***Årberg*** (17 ga Mayu 1801  - 26 Maris 1881  ) likitar fiɗa ce kuma likita ta Sweden. Ta kasance tana aikin likitan tiyata bisa doka tun kafin a ba mata izinin yin karatun likitanci a wata jami'a a 1870. Lovisa Åhrberg za a iya daukarsa a matsayin mace ta farko likita a Sweden tare da m izni daga hukuma don gudanar da aikin likita: duk da haka, ba ta da wani m horo, da kuma mace ta farko likita da wani jami'a digiri ya zama Karolina Widerström .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Lovisa Åhrberg an haife shi ne a Uppsala a Uppland a matsayin 'yar Erik Årberg, mai kula da Jami'ar Uppsala, kuma mace mai wayo Britta Maria Upgren.  Kakarta kuma an bayar da rahoton cewa ta kasance ƙwararren mai aikin "magungunan jama'a" da kuma reno. A farkon ƙarni na 19, ma’aikatan jinya ba su da ilimi kawai masu taimakon likitoci. A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, Lovisa ta raka mahaifiyarta zuwa asibitoci da kuma ziyartar gidajen marasa lafiya. Ba ta taba zama daliba a kowace makarantar likitanci ba amma ta sami ilimin likitanci ta hanyar lura.

Lokacin da take balagagge, Lovisa Åhrberg ta zauna a babban birnin Stockholm don yin aiki a matsayin kuyanga na gida don dangi mai matsakaicin matsayi. A lokacinta ta taimaka wa mutanen da ke fama da raunuka daban-daban, raunuka da cututtuka. Babu shakka, hakan ya fara ne sa’ad da abokai daga Uppsala suka nemi taimakonta, inda aka san asalinta. Saboda nasarar jinyar da ta yi maganar ta fara yaɗuwa game da iliminta na kiwon lafiya kuma abokan ciniki da ke kusa da Stockholm suna neman ta kuma suna neman magani. Da farko majinyatan talakawa talakawa ne amma yayin da lokaci ya ci gaba sai mutane masu arziki suka fara daukar ta aiki kuma suna biya mata hidima. Ba da dadewa ba, ta sami damar barin matsayinta na bawa, kuma daga kusan 1840, zata iya tallafawa kanta kawai a matsayin, a zahiri, likita.

Wannan ya kasance a aikace ba sabon abu ba: a cikin karkara, mata sun yi aikin magani a karkashin rawar wayo, irin su Hanna Svensdotter (1798-1864), wanda aka fi sani da "The Doctoress in Wram" don ƙwarewarta na maganin raunin ƙafa "a waje na Scania". Ko da yake an dauki al'adar Lovisa Åhrberg a matsayin mafi yawan cece-kuce.

### Caja mai ban mamaki
Yayin da Lovisa Åhrberg ta kasance a aikace mai nasara kuma shahararriyar likita, ba ta da lasisin yin aiki a matsayin likita. Horon ta da iliminta, duk da cewa yana da inganci kuma ya isa, ba su da wani tushe a kowane horo na likita ko digiri na likita. Wannan a kowane hali ya gagara ga mace a lokacin, domin ba a ba mata damar yin karatun likitanci a jami’a kafin 1870.

Ya bambanta da Kisamor na zamani, wanda ita ma mashahuriyar likita ce, amma wacce ta daɗe da al'adar "warkar da jama'a" don tallafa wa kanta a cikin ayyukanta a cikin karkara, Åhrberg ta gamu da babban adawa daga likitoci maza lokacin da ta fara zama sananne a matsayin likita mai tallafawa kanta a cikin birni. An tuhumi ta a hukumance, kuma hukumomin kiwon lafiya sun bincikar ta da kyau don ta yi tagumi .

Bayan binciken, duk da haka, Lovisa Åhrberg an ɗauka cewa tana da isasshen ilimin likitanci game da aikin da take gudanarwa kuma ba ta da kowane nau'i na cutarwa. Ta haka ne aka wanke ta daga tuhumar da aka yi mata kuma aka ba ta izinin yin aikin likita, duk da cewa an haramta yin hakan ga mata. Za a iya kwatanta matsayinta da na zamaninta Amalia Assur, wadda aka ba wa horo na musamman don yin aikin likitan hakori duk da cewa an haramta hakan ga mata. Wani ƙarin dalili na wanke ta shine Åhrberg ta kasance kan gaba a matsayin likita mai fiɗa kuma cewa taimakon jinya da ta ba wa marasa lafiyarta magunguna ne na dabi'a.

A ranar 12 ga Mayu 1852, Lovisa Åhrberg ta sami lambar yabo ta Sarki Oscar I na Sweden tare da lambar azurfa ga *[[:sv:För medborgerlig förtjänst|Medborgerlig Förtjänst]]* ('Sabis na Jama'a'), wanda a cikin al'ummar wannan zamani ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin halacci na ƙarshe na aikinta na likita. 

### Aikin sadaka
Lovisa Åhrberg ta sami sha'awar Fredrika Bremer, wanda ya ambace ta a cikin sanannen littafinta *Hertha* a 1856:

Sabon sabon likitan mace na lokacin an kwatanta shi da cewa Åhrberg yawanci ba a kiransa "likita" amma ana kiranta "Mai warkar da rauni doctoress" da "Maiden Åberg". An kwatanta Åhrberg a cikin wani littafi game da shahararrun matan Sweden da aka buga a 1864-1866. Ana bayyana asibitinta a matsayin "asibitin talaka" saboda tana yawan yiwa talakawa magani. Wannan zamani littafin rahotanni, cewa Åhrberg ta kansa kiwon lafiya ya zama haka lalace ta aiki tukuru cewa ta a lokuta da dama ya dauki hutu da kuma huta a cikin makõma na Carlsbad . Labarin ya kawo karshen rahoton:

A cikin 1871, Lovisa Åhrberg ta zama makaho kuma ta yi ritaya. Ta yi rayuwa mai dadi a lokacin da ta yi ritaya, kamar yadda ta bar arziki lokacin da ta mutu.  Dalibai daya ne kawai aka taba bayar da rahoton cewa an horar da ita a matsayin mai koyon aikinta, wani "Doctoress Henricsson", wanda ya yi aiki a *Serafimerlasarettet* na shekaru da yawa kafin ya bude aikinta a 1865: An kira ta a hukumance a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya, amma sana'ar ma'aikaciyar jinya ba ta wanzu a lokacin da aka jera ta a matsayin irin wannan, don haka sana'arta kamar ta kasance mai wuyar ma'anar Åhr. 

Shekarar kafin rasuwarta a Stockholm, an buɗe wa mata a Sweden aikin likitanci a ƙa'ida lokacin da aka karɓi mata a matsayin ɗalibai a fannin ilimin likitanci na jami'o'i, tare da Karolina Widerström ta zama mace ta farko likita mai digiri na jami'a na likita da lasisin yin aikin likita.

## Manazarta


* Wilhelmina Stålberg: runeberg.org Anteqningar om Svenska kvinnor ( Bayanan kula akan matan Sweden) Runeberg (1864-1866) (Yaren mutanen Sweden)
* Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon (1906)

## Kara karantawa

* Lovisa Åhrberg at Svenskt kvinnobiografiskt lexikon