open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Eli Cohen (actor)

**Eli Cohen** (    ; an haife shi 18 Disamba shekarar 1940) ɗan wasan Isra'ila ne kuma darektan fina-finai . A cikin 1989 Fim *ɗinsa Summer of Afiya* ya sami lambar yabo ta Azurfa daga Bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na Berlin na 39th .  Shekaru shida bayan haka, an nuna fim *ɗinsa a ƙarƙashin itacen Domim* a cikin sashin Un Certain Regard a 1995 Cannes Film Festival .

## Filmography zaba

; Darakta

* *Ricochets* ( *Shtei Etzbaot Mi'Tzidon* ) (1986)
* *Summer na Aviya* (1989)
* *Ƙarshen* (1991)
* *Karkashin Bishiyar Domim* (1994)

; Dan wasan kwaikwayo

* *Ba Da Rana Ko Da Dare* (1972)
* *Yesu* (1979)
* *Buzz* (1998)

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*
Maurice Cohen

**Maurice Cohen** (an haife shi a shekara ta alif ɗari tara 1927-2006) manaja ne na reshen gidan waya a Isra'ila, wanda ya halarci telegrams masu shigowa na Mossad Ruɗani na yau da kullun shine Maurice ya kasance mai yin cryptographer ga Mossad. Babban ɗan'uwansa shi ne ɗan leƙen asirin Isra'ila Eli Cohen. Ya bayyana cewa ya gano sunan dan uwansa ne ta hanyar aikin sa na boye sirrin.

An haife shi a Masar ga iyayen da aka haifa a Siriya kuma yana zaune a Ramat Gan, Maurice ya yi amfani da rayuwarsa don tunawa da gadon ɗan'uwansa kuma ya yi kira da a dawon da kasusuwan Eli Cohen don binne a Isra'ila, wanda Siriya ta ƙi yin. Ya kuma rasu a watan Disambar shekarar 2006.

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* https://web.archive.org/web/20080705101407/http://www.jafi.org.il/education/actual/ecohen/index.html
* Dangane da abubuwan tunawa da dangi da tattaunawa, "Fayilolin Eli Cohen" sune mafi girman tarihin rayuwar Cohen, aikinsa, da danginsa akan yanar gizo.
Yaren Séréré, Na Ƙasar Mali

**Séréré,**yanki ne na ƙarƙara na Cercle a Gourma-Rharous a cikin yankin Tombouctou na ƙasar Mali . Cibiyar gudanarwa ( *chef-lieu* ) ƙauyen Madiakoye.

## Manazarta
Garin Guétéma

**Guétéma,** ƙaramin gari ne kuma cibiyar sadarwa a cikin Cercle na Nioro a cikin yankin garin Kayes na kudu maso yammacin  Ƙasar Mali.
 
## Manazarta

## Majiyoyi

*  .
Yanking Douentza Cercle

**Douentza Cercle** yanki ne na gudanarwa na yankin Mopti na Ƙasar Mali . Cibiyar gudanarwa ( *chef-lieu* ) ita ce garin Douentza .

A lokacin tawayen Abzinawa na shekarar 2012, ita ce yankin kudancin jihar Azawad, bisa ga ikirarin da yankin MNLA na watan Afrilun a shekarata 2012. Tun daga watan Yunin shekarar 2012 wasu gungun 'yan kishin Islama da na 'yan bindiga na cikin gida ne suka yi ikirarin kai harin.

Hanyar ƙaura na madauwari na shekara-shekara na giwayen Gourma sun ketare yawancin kwaminisanci a cikin cercles na Douentza da Gourma-Rharous ( Yankin Tombouctou ).   

An kasu kashi kashi 15 : 

## Manazarta
Ƙungiyar Logo, Mali

**Logo** wata ƙungiya ce a cikin Cercle na Kayes a cikin yankin Kayes na kudu maso yammacin Ƙasar Mali . Babban ƙauyen ( *shugaba-lieu* ) shin e Kakoulou . A cikin shekarata 2009 gundumar tana da yawan jama'a 13,873.
 

## Manazartaa

## Wasu majiyoyin

* 
*  .
Ƙauyen Siby, Mali

**Siby** ƙauye ne a cikin Cercle na Kati a yankin Koulikoro a kudancin Ƙasar Mali .Yana fa  Ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi ƙauyuka 21  kuma a cikin ƙidayar shekarata 2009 tana da yawan jama'a 26,632. Ƙauyen yana 50&nbsp;km kudu maso yamma da babban birnin kasar, Bamako, a kan fili zuwa kudancin Monts Mandingues. Hanyar RN5 da ta haɗu Bamako da Siguiri a Guinea ta bi ta ƙauyen.

## Tarihi
An kafa ƙauyen Mandé na Siby a tsakiyar zamanai na kakanni na Camara.

A cewar Epic na Sundiata, Sarkin Siby, Kamandjan Kamara, wanda Sundiata Keita ya sa ni tun yana yaro, ya kawo sarakunan kabilun da suka hada da Soumaoro Kanté, Sarkin Sosso, tare a Siby.

Sojojin Sundiata Keita sun yi nasara a yakin Sossos a Negueboria a cikin Bouré da Kangigne. A Siby, duk sarakunan da ke kawance sun taru a kusa da Sundiata Keita: Kamandjan Kamara, Sarkin Siby, dan'uwansa Tabon wana Fran Kamara, sarkin maƙeran Camara, Siara Kouman Diabaté, Faony Diarra Kondé, sarkin ƙasar Do, da kasar Sogolon da mahaifiyar Sundiata, Mansa Traoré. Bayan 'yan kwanaki na hutawa, ƙawancen sun tafi Kirina inda aka yi yakin da aka yi da Soumaoro Kanté.

A saman dutsen, an haƙa wani baka, daga inda mutum yake da kyan gani a filin da ke kewaye, a cikin dutsen. A cewar tatsuniya, Kamandjan Kamara ne ya haye dutsen da sabarsa kwana guda kafin tashinsa, a wani yammaci inda Balla Fasséké ya tambayi kowane sarki da ke wurin ko zai iya yin hakan.

## Sauran abubuwa
An gudanar da bugu biyu na farko na Forum des peuples a Siby a cikin 2002 da 2003.
File:Ancien fourneau.jpg|Tsohuwar tanderun da ta fito daga Daular Mali a yankin Siby
File:Enclume de Niekema.jpg|Anvil na Niekema ya mamaye ƙauyen Siby
File:Manding.jpg|Tsarin tsaunin Manding a cikin kewayen Siby


## Manazarta

* Djibril Tamsir Niane, *Soundjata ou l'épopée mandingue*, Presence africaine, Paris, 1960.
* Résultats provisoires du Recensement général de la yawan et de l'habitat 2009 [archive] sur Institut national de la statistique (Mali), 2010. Ranar 18 ga Maris, 2010
Ƙauyen N'Golonianasso

**N &#x27; Golonianasso,** wani ƙauye ne a cikin garin  Cercle na Koutiala a yankin Sikasso a kudancin Ƙasar Mali. Yana day  Ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi fili mai faɗin murabba'in kilomita guda 402 kuma ta ƙunshi ƙauyuka 10. A cikin ƙidayar shekarata 2009 tana da yawan jama'a da suka kai adadin 18,446.  Ƙauyen N'Golonianasso, cibiyar gudanarwa (*shuga-lieu*) na kwaminisanci, shi ne 25. km yamma da Koutiala.

## Manazarta

## Wasu majiyoyin

*  .
Ƙauyen Filamana

**Filamana** ƙauye ne kuma wurin zama na gundumar Koussan a cikin yankin Cercle na Yanfolila a yankin Sikasso a kudancin  Ƙasar Mali .  Ƙauyen yana 79&nbsp;km kudu maso gabas da garin Yanfolila .

## Manazarta
Ƙauyen Guédébiné

**Guédébiné** ƙauye ne kuma ƙauye ne a cikin gundumar Cercle of Diéma a yankin Kayes na yammacin Ƙasar Mali . Sanarwar ta ƙunshi babban ƙauyen Guédébiné da Néma, Diakamody, Diopi, Karsala da Goulambé. A cikin ƙidayar jama'a ta shekarar 2009 Da aka gudanar ƙungiyar tana da yawan jama'a 5,106.
 
## Manazartaa
Yanking Diré Cercle

**Diré Cercle** yanki ne na gudanarwa na yankin Tombouctou na Ƙasar Mali . Cibiyar gudanarwa ( *chef-lieu* ) ita ce garin Diré .

An raba cercle zuwa gundumomi sha ukku  (13):  
 

## Manazarta
Yankin Karakoro, Mali

**Karakoro** yanki ne a cikin Cercle na Kayes a yankin Kayes yana kudu maso yammacin Ƙasar Mali . Yana da Ƙungiyar da ƙunshi ƙauyuka bakwai (7): *Teichibé*, *Souena Soumaré*, *Souena Gandéga*, *Souena Toucouleur*, *Boutinguisse*, *Kalinioro* da *Aïté* . Babban ƙauyen ( *shugaba-lieu* ) shine *Teichibe* . A cikin shekara ta 2009 gundumar tana da yawan jama'a 14,813.  

## Manazarta
Ƙauyen Sampara

**Sampara** ƙauye ne kuma wurin zama na gundumar Bassirou a cikin Cercle of Mopti a yankin Mopti a kudancin tsakiyar Ƙasar Mali.  Kauyuka ashirin ( 20) ne&nbsp;km arewa da Sévaré tsakanin RN15 da kogin Niger.
Ƙauyen Sampara kuma an kafa shi a Andhra pradesh gabacin godavari dist.  

## Manazarta
Reuven Paz

**Reuven Paz** (Nuwamba 14, 1950 - Fabrairu 22, shekarar 2015) kwararre ne na Isra'ila kan Musulunci da ƙungiyoyin Islama a cikin Larabawa da Musulmin duniya, tsirarun Larabawa a Isra'ila, da Tsarin Musulunci.  Ya kasance Babban Jami'in Bincike ne a Cibiyar Bincike ta Duniya a Harkokin Ƙasashen Duniya (GLORIA), da Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwanci (IDC) Herzliya. Ya kuma kasance shugaban bincike a Hukumar Tsaro ta Isra'ila. A can baya, ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Haifa kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Darakta ne na Ilimi a Cibiyar Harkokin Siyasa ta Duniya don Yaki da Ta'addanci. 

## Farkon rayuwa
An haifi Paz a Haifa ne  kuma ya sami Ph.D. daga Jami'ar Haifa a tarihin Gabas ta Tsakiya. Ya buga kasidu goma sha biyu na ilimi kuma ya rubuta littafai hudu kan yunkurin Islama. Bugu da kari, ya ba da shedar kwararru a shari’o’in kotu a Amurka a lokuta da dama.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Tarihin Rayuwa
* CV na Paz 
* Labarai ta Reuven Paz  e-prism.org
Giora Peli

**Giora Peli** (kuma **Gyora Pilshchik** ; 21 ga Agusta shekarar 1936 - Yuli 2020) ɗan wasan dara ne na Isra'ila.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Daga rabin na biyu na shekarar 1950, Giora Peli na ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƴan wasan dara na Isra'ila. A cikin shekarar 1954, ya ci gasar Junior Chess na Isra'ila. A cikin shekarar 1957, Peli ya shiga karo na farko a gasar Chess ta Isra'ila kuma ya ƙare a matsayi na 6. A shekarar 1965, ya zo na 5 a wannan gasa, amma a shekarar 1974 ya zo a matsayi na 12.

Peli ya bugawa Isra'ila a gasar Chess Olympiad : 

* A cikin shekarar 1958, a farkon hukumar ajiya a 13th Chess Olympiad a Munich (+3, = 2, -2).

Peli ya buga wa Isra'ila wasa a Gasar Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙasa ta Duniya: 

* A cikin shekarar 1959, a hukumar ta huɗu a gasar ƙwanƙwasa ta 6th World Student Team Chess Championship a Budapest (+5, = 2, -5),
* A cikin shekarar 1962, a jirgi na uku a gasar ƙwanƙwasa ta 9th World Student Team Chess Championship a Mariaánské Lázně (+6, = 1, -3).

Tun daga shekarar 1980, an san Peli a matsayin ɗan wasan dara na wasiƙa . An ba shi lakabin ICCF na Babbar Jagoran Sadarwar Sadarwar Duniya (IM) a cikin 2001 da Babban Babban Jagora na Chess na Duniya (SIM) a 2002.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Giora Peli player details at ICCF
* Giora Peli player profile and games at Chessgames.com
* Giora Peli chess games at 365Chess.com
Frank Pelleg

**Frank Pelleg** (    ; Satumba 24, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da goma 1910 - Disamba 20, shekarar 1968) ɗan ƙasar Czech ne ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila.

## Manazarta
Ƙauyen Koumaira

**Koumaïra yanki** ne na karkara kuma ƙauyen Cercle na Niafunké a cikin yankin Tombouctou na Ƙasar Mali .  Kauyen yana kudu da gabar kogin Bara-Issa, reshen kogin Neja da ke gudana a lokacin da kogin ya yi ambaliya. Ya karya 21&nbsp;km kudu maso gabas da garin Niafunké da kuma 65&nbsp;km arewa maso gabas da tafkin Debo .Yana day Ƙungiya,  Ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi kusan ƙananan ƙauyuka 36.
 
## Manazarta
Garin Kofeba

**Kofeba** ƙauye ne kuma babban mazaunin gundumar Kita Ouest a cikin Cercle na Kita a yankin Kayes a kudu maso yammacin Ƙasar Mali.
 
## Manazarta
Garin Kendé, Mali

**Kendé** ƙauye ne kuma ƙauye ne a cikin Cercle na Bandiagara na yankin Mopti na Ƙasar Mali. Garin tana ƙunshe da gungun ƙauyuka biyar (5) kuma a lokacin ƙidayar shekarata 2009 tana da yawan jama'a kimanin mutum 7,372.

## Yanki
Ƙauyen Kendé yana kan tudu. Ana amfani da harshen Tommo So a ƙauyen. Sunan mahaifi na gida shi ne Senguipiri [sèŋèpîl].

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗin waje
*.
Yankin San Cercle

**San Cercle** yanki ne na gudanarwa a yankin Ségou na Ƙasar Mali . Cibiyar gudanarwa ( *chef-lieu* ) ita ce garin San .

An kuma kasa Cercles of Mali zuwa kashi 25 :

*Baramandougou
*Dah
*Diakourouna
*Diéli
*Djéguena
*Fion
*Kaniegué
*Karaba
*Kassorola
*Kava
*Moribila
*N'Goa
*N'Torosso
*Niamana
*Niasso
*Ouolon
*San
*Siadougou
*Somo
*Sourountouna
*Sy
*Téné
*Teneni
*Tourakolomba
*Waki

## Manazarta
Ƙauyen Agouni

**Agouni** ƙauye ne kuma wurin zama na gundumar Salam a cikin Cercle na Timbuktu a yankin Tombouctou na Ƙasar Mali. 

## Manazarta
Gundumar Dinangourou

**Dinangourou** ( *Dúŋà ɔ̀rù* ; *Dinaŋguru* ) ƙauye ne kuma gundumar Cercle na Koro a yankin Mopti na ƙasar Mali .  Jamsay Dogon Shi ne mai magana da yawun mutane a ƙauyen. Ana gudanar da kasuwanci ranar Lahadi na mako-mako a ƙauyen. Sunan mahaifi na gida shine Goro. 

## Manazarta

## Majiyoyi

*  .
Yankin Djiguiya de Koloni

**Djiguiya de Koloni yanki** ne na karkara a cikin Cercle na Yanfolila a yankin Sikasso na kudancin Ƙasar Mali . Yana da Ƙungiya,, Ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi fili mai faɗin murabba'in kilomita 559 kuma ta ƙunshi ƙauyuka 9.  A cikin ƙidayar shekarata 2009 tana da yawan jama'a kimanin 6,857.  Ƙauyen Koloni, cibiyar gudanarwa ( *shuga-lieu* ) na kwaminisanci, shine 46&nbsp;km kudu maso gabashin Yanfolila .  

## Manazarta
Birnin Kalabancoro

**Kalabancoro** ko Kalaban Koro birni ne na ƙauye kuma birni ne a cikin yankin Koulikoro a kudu maso yammacin Ƙasar Mali . Sanarwar ta zama wani yanki na kewayen birnin Bamako, babban birnin kasar Mali. Ya ta'allaka ne a gefen kudu na kogin Niger, kudu da yamma na garuruwan V da VI na Bamako. Sadarwar tana girma cikin sauri. A cikin shekara ta 1998 tana da yawan jama'a kimanin 35,582 amma zuwa shekara ta  2009 wannan ya karu zuwa 166,722. Yanzu ita ce ta uku (3)  mafi yawan jama'a a ƙasar Mali, kuma ya zuwa yanzu ita ce mafi yawan jama'a a *karkara*. 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin garuruwa a Mali

## Manazarta

## Majiyoyi
 .
Yankin Yélimané Cercle

**Yélimané Cercle** yanki ne na gudanarwa na yankin Kayes na Kasar Mali . Cibiyar gudanarwarta ( *shuga-lieu* ) ita ce garin Yélimané . A cikin kidayar shekarata 2009 yawan jama'ar cercle ya kasance kimanin 178,442.

Yélimané Cercle babbar cibiyar hakar zinare ce: 

* Diafounou Diongaga
* Daafounou Gory
* Fanga
* Gori
* Jagora
* Kirané Kaniaga
* Konsiga
* Kremis
* Marekaffo
* Sumbura
* Toya
* Tringa

## Manazartaa
Kusa da hangen nesa

**Kusa da hangen nesa**, wanda kuma aka sani da **gajeriyar hangen** **nesa** da **myopia**, cuta ce ta ido inda haske ke mai da hankali a gaban, maimakon kan retina. Wannan yana sa abubuwa masu nisa su zama dishi-dishi yayin da abubuwa kusa suke bayyana al'ada. Sauran alamomin na iya haɗawa da ciwon kai da ciwon ido. Matsanancin hangen nesa na kusa yana da alaƙa da ƙara haɗarin ɓarnawar ido, cataracts, da glaucoma.

An yi imanin dalilin da ya haifar da haɗuwa da kwayoyin halitta da abubuwan muhalli. Abubuwan haɗari sun haɗa da yin aikin da ya haɗa da mayar da hankali kan abubuwa na kusa, mafi yawan lokacin da aka kashe a gida, da tarihin iyali na yanayin. Hakanan yana da alaƙa da babban aji na zamantakewa. Tsarin tushen ya ƙunshi tsayin ƙwallon ido yana girma da tsayi ko ƙasa da haka ruwan tabarau yana da ƙarfi sosai. Wani nau'in kuskure ne na refractive. Ana gano cutar ta hanyar duban ido.

Shaidu na yau da kullun sun nuna cewa ana iya rage haɗarin hangen nesa ta hanyar sa yara ƙanana su ciyar da lokaci mai yawa a waje. Wannan na iya kasancewa yana da alaƙa da bayyanar haske na halitta. Ana iya gyara hangen nesa kusa da gilashin ido, ruwan tabarau, ko tiyata. Gilashin ido shine hanya mafi sauƙi kuma mafi aminci na gyarawa. Tuntuɓi ruwan tabarau na iya samar da faffadar hangen nesa, amma suna da alaƙa da haɗarin kamuwa da cuta. Tiyata mai jujjuyawa tana canza siffar cornea har abada.

Kusantar gani ita ce matsalar ido da aka fi sani kuma an kiyasta tana shafar mutane biliyan 1.5 (kashi 22 na yawan jama'a). Farashin ya bambanta sosai a yankuna daban-daban na duniya. Farashin tsakanin manya yana tsakanin 15% zuwa 49%. Farashin yana kama da mata da maza. Daga cikin yara, yana shafar kashi 1% na mutanen karkara Nepal, 4% na Afirka ta Kudu, 12% na Amurkawa, da 37% a wasu manyan biranen China. Farashin ya karu tun daga shekarun 1950. Kusantar gani da ba a gyara ba yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da nakasar gani a duniya tare da cataracts, macular degeneration, da rashi na bitamin A.

## Manazarta
Cutar Alzheimer

**Cutar Alzheimer** (**AD**), kuma ana kiranta da kawai **Alzheimer's**, cuta ce ta neurodegenerative na yau da kullun wacce yawanci ke farawa sannu a hankali kuma a hankali yana ta'azzara akan lokaci. Shi ne sanadin kashi 60-70% na lamurra na hauka. Alamar farko ta gama gari ita ce wahala wajen tunawa da abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan. Yayin da cutar ke ci gaba, alamun na iya haɗawa da matsaloli tare da harshe, rashin tunani (ciki har da samun sauƙi a ɓace), sauye-sauyen yanayi, asarar dalili, rashin kula da kai, da kuma al'amurran halayya. Yayin da yanayin mutum ya ragu, sau da yawa yakan janye daga iyali da kuma al'umma. A hankali, ayyukan jiki suna ɓacewa, a ƙarshe yana haifar da mutuwa. Ko da yake saurin ci gaba na iya bambanta, yanayin rayuwa na yau da kullun bayan ganewar asali shine shekaru uku zuwa tara.

Ba a fahimci dalilin cutar Alzheimer ba. Kusan kashi 70 cikin 100 na haxarin an yi imanin gadon su ne daga iyayen mutum, tare da yawancin kwayoyin halitta. Sauran abubuwan haɗari sun haɗa da tarihin raunin kai, damuwa, da hauhawar jini. Tsarin cutar yana hade da plaques da neurofibrillary tangles a cikin kwakwalwa. Mahimmin ganewar asali yana dogara ne akan tarihin rashin lafiya da gwajin tunani tare da hoton likita da gwajin jini don kawar da wasu dalilai masu yiwuwa. Alamun farko galibi ana kuskure da tsufa na al'ada. Ana buƙatar gwajin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta don takamaiman ganewar asali. motsa jiki na tunani da na jiki, da nisantar kiba na iya rage haɗarin AD; duk da haka, shaidun da ke goyan bayan waɗannan shawarwarin suna da rauni. Babu magunguna ko kari waɗanda aka nuna don rage haɗari.

Babu wani magani da zai dakatar ko mai da ci gabansa, kodayake wasu na iya inganta alamun na ɗan lokaci. Mutanen da abin ya shafa suna ƙara dogara ga wasu don taimako, galibi suna dora nauyi kan mai kulawa. Matsanancin na iya haɗawa da zamantakewa, tunani, jiki, da abubuwan tattalin arziki. Shirye-shiryen motsa jiki na iya zama masu fa'ida game da ayyukan rayuwar yau da kullun kuma suna iya haɓaka sakamako. Matsalolin ɗabi'a ko ciwon hauka saboda ciwon hauka galibi ana bi da su tare da magungunan kashe qwari, amma wannan ba yawanci ana ba da shawarar ba, saboda ƙarancin fa'ida da haɗarin mutuwa da wuri.

A cikin 2015, akwai kusan mutane miliyan 29.8 a duk duniya tare da AD. Yawancin lokaci yana farawa a cikin mutane sama da shekaru 65, kodayake kashi 4-5% na lokuta ne farkon farkon cutar Alzheimer. Yana shafar kusan kashi 6% na mutane masu shekaru 65 da haihuwa. A cikin 2015, ciwon hauka ya haifar da mutuwar kusan miliyan 1.9. An fara bayyana ta ne daga baya, daga baya, masanin ilimin halin dan Adam na kasar Jamus Alois Alzheimer a shekarar 1906. A kasashen da suka ci gaba, AD na daya daga cikin cututtuka masu tsadar kudi.

## Manazarta
Osteoarthritis

**Osteoarthritis** (**OA**) wani nau'in ciwon haɗin, gwiwa ne, Wanda  ke haifar da rushewar guringuntsi na haɗin gwiwa da kuma ƙashin da ke ciki. Mafi yawan bayyanar cututtuka sune ciwon haɗin gwiwa da taurin kai. Yawancin lokaci alamun suna ci gaba a hankali a cikin shekaru. Da farko suna iya faruwa ne kawai bayan motsa jiki, amma suna iya zama dindindin na tsawon lokaci. Sauran alamomin na iya haɗawa da kumburin haɗin gwiwa, rage yawan motsi, kuma, lokacin da aka shafa baya, rauni ko raƙuman hannuwa da ƙafafu. Abubuwan da aka fi sani da haɗin gwiwa sune, biyu kusa da ƙarshen yatsu da haɗin gwiwa a gindin manyan yatsan hannu; haɗin gwiwa da gwiwa; da haɗin gwiwar wuya da ƙananan baya. Hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa a gefe ɗaya na jiki sun fi tasiri fiye da wadanda ke gefe. Alamun na iya tsoma baki tare da aiki da ayyukan yau da kullum. Ba kamar wasu nau'ikan cututtukan fata ba, haɗin gwiwa kawai,ba gabobin ciki ba, abin ya shafa.

Dalilan sun haɗa da raunin haɗin gwiwa da ya gabata, rashin haɓakar haɗin gwiwa ko ci gaban gaɓa, da abubuwan da aka gada. Haɗari ya fi girma a cikin waɗanda ke da kiba, suna da ƙafafu masu tsayi daban-daban, ko kuma suna da ayyukan da ke haifar da matsanancin damuwa na haɗin gwiwa. An yi imani da ciwon osteoarthritis yana haifar da damuwa na inji akan haɗin gwiwa da ƙananan matakai masu kumburi. Yana tasowa yayin da guringuntsi ya ɓace kuma ƙashin da ke ciki ya zama abin shafa. Kamar yadda zafi zai iya sa ya zama mai wuyar motsa jiki, asarar tsoka na iya faruwa. Ganowa yawanci bisa alamu da alamu, tare da hoton likita da sauran gwaje-gwajen da ake amfani da su don tallafawa ko kawar da wasu matsalolin. Ya bambanta da rheumatoid amosanin gabbai, a cikin osteoarthritis haɗin gwiwa ba sa yin zafi ko ja.

Jiyya ya haɗa da motsa jiki, rage damuwa na haɗin gwiwa kamar ta hutawa ko amfani da sanda, ƙungiyoyin tallafi, da magungunan ciwo. Rage nauyi na iya taimakawa ga waɗanda ke da kiba. Magungunan ciwo na iya haɗawa da paracetamol (acetaminophen) da kuma NSAIDs kamar naproxen ko ibuprofen. Ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da opioid na dogon lokaci ba saboda rashin bayanai kan fa'idodi da kuma haɗarin jaraba da sauran illolin. Yin aikin maye gurbin haɗin gwiwa na iya zama zaɓi idan akwai nakasa mai gudana duk da wasu jiyya. Haɗin wucin gadi yawanci yana ɗaukar shekaru 10 zuwa 15.

Osteoarthritis shine mafi yawan nau'in amosanin gabbai, wanda ke shafar kusan mutane miliyan 237, ko kashi 3.3% na al'ummar duniya. A Amurka, mutane miliyan 30 zuwa 53 ne abin ya shafa, kuma a Ostiraliya, kusan mutane miliyan 1.9 ne abin ya shafa. Yana zama gama gari yayin da mutane suka tsufa. Daga cikin wadanda suka haura shekaru 60, kusan kashi 10% na maza da 18% na mata suna fama da cutar. Osteoarthritis shine sanadin kusan kashi 2% na shekaru suna rayuwa tare da nakasa.

## Manazarta
Garin Tambacara

**Tambacara** ƙaramin gari ne kuma babban mazaunin Diafounou Tambacara commune na Diafounou Tambacara a cikin Cercle na Yélimané a cikin Yankin Kayes na kudu maso yammacin Ƙasar Mali. 
 
## Manazarta
Ƙauyen N'Gorkou

**N &#x27; Gorkou** ƙauye ne kuma ƙauye ne na Cercle of Niafunké a cikin yankin Tombouctou na Ƙasar Mali . Yana day Ƙungiya, Ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi kusan ƙananan ƙauyuka 54.
 
## Bayanai

## Wajiyoyi

*  .
Ƙauyen Arham

**Arham** ƙauye ne kuma gari ne na Cercle of Diré a cikin yankin Tombouctou na Ƙasar Mali .
 
## Manazarta

## Majiyoyi

*  .
Tringa, Mali

**Tringa, Mali** babban gari ne a cikin na Yélimané a yankin Kayes na kudu maso yammacin Ƙasar Mali. Yana day Ƙungiya, Ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi ƙauyuka huɗu: *Diakoné*, Dialaka, Lambatara da Maréna . Cibiyar gudanarwa ( *shuga-lieu* ) ita ce Maréna. A cikin shekarata 2009 gundumar *tana* da yawan jama'a 12,509.

## Manazarta
Télé, Mali

**Télé** yanki ne na karkara na Cercle na Goundam a cikin yankin Tombouctou na Ƙasar Mali . Akwai Cibiyar gudanarwa ( *shuga-lieu* ) ƙauyen Hangabéra ne. Ƙauyen yana gabashin tafkin Télé da 20&nbsp;km arewa da karamin garin Goundam . Tafkin Télé yana haɗe da kogin Neja ta tsarin tashoshi. Lokacin da kogin ya yi ambaliya a watan Satumba ruwan ya kwarara zuwa kudancin iyakar tafkin. Tafkin Télé yana haɗe a ƙarshen arewa zuwa tafkin Takara. Ruwan kogin yana gudana daga tafkin Takara, ƙetare wani dutse mai dutse a Kamaïna kuma daga ƙarshe ya isa tafkin Faguibine .

Ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi ƙauyuka huɗu:

* Bougoumeira
* Dendeguère
* Fatakara
* Hangabéra (cibiyar gudanarwa na jama'a)

Fatakara da Dendéguère suna gefen yamma na tafkin Télé. Hangabéra da Bougoumeira suna gabas da tafkin.

## Manazarta
Dongo, Mali

**Dongo** yanki ne na Cercle na Youwarou a yankin Mopti na Ƙasar Mali . Babban ƙauyen yana Kormou-Marka . A cikin shekarar 2009 gundumar tana da yawan jama'a kimanin 11,421.

## Manazarta

## Majiyoyi

*  .
Soumpou

**Soumpou Wata al'umma ce mai** wata ƙungiya a cikin Cercle na Yélimané a cikin yankin Kayes na kudu maso yammacin Ƙasar Mali . Cibiyar gudanarwa ( *shuga-lieu* ) ƙauyen Takaba ne. A cikin shekarata 2009 gundumar *tana* da yawan jama'a 5,017.
 

## Manazarta

## Majiyoyi
Yankin Bourra

**Bourra** babban yanki ne a cikin Cercle na Ansongo a yankin Gao a kudu maso gabashin Ƙasar Mali . Ƙungiyar ta haɗu tare da gefen hagu (gabas) na kogin Niger . Tana da kuma fadin ƙasa kusan kilomita murabba'i 2,323 kuma ta haɗa da kauyuka 14. A cikin ƙidayar jama'a ta shekarar 2009 ƙungiyar tana da yawan jama'a 19,163.  Babban ƙauye ( *shugaba-lieu* ) shine Tassiga .

## Manazarta

## Majiyoyi

*  .
Garin Gargando

**Gargando** ƙaramin gari ne dake cikin yankin Tombouctou na ƙasar mali. Mutanen garin dai sun fito ne daga yankunan Kel Ansar (wanda ya samo asali daga Ansar na Madina. Ƙauyen yana da mutanen Touareg masu ilimi da yawa.

## Bazuwa
Baƙi na mutanen Gargando sun bazu cikin ƙasar Mali kuma sun haɗa da Cherifène, Kel Razaf, Idanane, Kel Tinakawate, Kel Indierene, Kel Emmimalane da dai sauransu. Shugaban ƙabilar Kel Antessar na yanzu, Mohamed Elmehdi Ag Attaher, ya fito ne daga ɓangaren Gargando, duk da cewa iyakokin garin ba su dace da tsarin zamantakewar mazaunan ba.

Doka 96-059 ta 4 ga Nuwamba shekarata 1996 ce ta ƙirƙira Ƙauyen Gargando. Yana da iyaka da arewa da Ƙauyen Kwaminisanci na Adarmalane, a arewa maso yamma ta Ƙauyen Kwaminisanci na Râz-El-Mâ, a arewa maso gabas ta Ƙungiyar M'Bouna, a gabas ta yankunan Télé da Goundam, a kan. yamma ta hanyar Rurale na Commune na Télemsi da na Aljounoub, a kudu maso yamma ta kwaminisanci na Djanké da Soumpi, a kudu ta gundumar Soboundou, kuma a kudu maso gabas ta yankin Rurale na Tonka .

## Alƙaluma
Yawan jama'a na ƙidayar shekarar 2009 ya kuma kasance kimanin 7,950. Yawan jama'a shine Tamacheq.

Karamar hukuma ce ke wakiltan gwamnatin kasa, shugaban ma’aikatan lafiya na kasa, da kuma hukumar kula da ilimi ta kasa daga daraktocin makarantu.

## Manazarta
Sangha, Mali

**Sangha** (wani lokaci ana rubuta **su Sanga** ) ƙauye ne a cikin Cercle na Bandigara a yankin Mopti na Ƙasar Mali . Yana day Ƙungiya, Ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi kusan ƙananan ƙauyuka 44 kuma a cikin ƙidayar shekarata 2009 tana da yawan jama'a kimanin 32,513. Cibiyar gudanarwa ( *shuga-lieu* ) ƙauyen Sangha Ogol Leye, ɗaya daga cikin gungu na ƙananan ƙauyuka a kalla 10 a saman Bandiagara Escarpment .

An san yankin a matsayin cibiyar addinin gargajiya na Dogon mai yawan temples da wuraren ibada, kuma a matsayin sansanin masu ziyara a kauyukan Dogon. Ana magana da Toro So a ƙauyen Sangha.  Yawancin ayyukan ƙabilanci na Marcel Griaule an gudanar da su a cikin Dogon na Sangha.

## Hotuna

ASC Leiden - W.E.A. van Beek Collection - Dogon markets 11 - Multi coloured clothing at the Sangha market, Mali 1992.jpg|Tufafi masu launuka iri-iri a kasuwar Sangha, 1992
ASC Leiden - W.E.A. van Beek Collection - Dogon markets 07 - Women with children and cassava roots at Sangha market, Mali 1992.jpg|Mata masu yara da tushen rogo a kasuwar Sangha, 1992
Palabres.jpg|A toguna a Sangha, 2006
ASangha 03.JPG|Duban Sangha, 2007
DogonSirige2.JPG|Masks masu yawa yayin rawa a Sangha, 2007
PorteMali.jpg|Ƙofar gidan Hogon a Sangha, Ogol kwata, 2007


## Duba kuma
*Binou
*Lebe
*Tellem
*Toloy
*Yaboyabo
*Awa Society

## Manazarta

## Adireshin waje
*.
*.
Zazzabin Dengue

**Zazzabin Dengue** cuta ce da sauro ke ɗaukarsa a wurare masu zafi ta hanyar ƙwayar cuta ta dengue. Alamun suna farawa kwanaki uku zuwa sha hudu bayan kamuwa da cuta. Waɗannan na iya haɗawa da zazzaɓi mai zafi, ciwon kai, amai, tsoka da ciwon haɗin gwiwa, da yanayin kurjin fata. Farfadowa gabaɗaya yana ɗaukar kwanaki biyu zuwa bakwai. A cikin ƙaramin adadin lokuta, cutar tana tasowa zuwa **dengue mai tsanani**, wanda kuma aka sani da **zazzabin jini na dengue**, wanda ke haifar da zubar jini, ƙananan matakan platelet na jini da zubar jini na jini, ko kuma cikin **ciwo na dengue shock**, inda ƙananan jini ke faruwa.

Dengue yana yaduwa ta nau'ikan sauro na mata masu nau'in *Aedes*, musamman *A. aegypti*. Kwayar cutar tana da iri biyar; kamuwa da cuta tare da nau'in nau'i ɗaya yawanci yana ba da rigakafi na rayuwa ga irin wannan nau'in, amma kawai rigakafi na ɗan gajeren lokaci ga sauran. Cutar da ke gaba tare da nau'i daban-daban yana ƙara haɗarin rikitarwa mai tsanani. Akwai gwaje-gwaje da yawa don tabbatar da ganewar asali ciki har da gano ƙwayoyin rigakafi ga ƙwayar cuta ko RNA ta.

An amince da allurar rigakafin cutar zazzabin dengue kuma ana sayar da ita a cikin ƙasashe da yawa. Tun daga shekarar 2018, ana ba da shawarar maganin a cikin mutanen da suka kamu da cutar a baya, ko kuma a cikin mutanen da ke da yawan kamuwa da cutar kafin shekaru tara. Sauran hanyoyin rigakafin sun hada da rage matsugunin sauro da takaita kamuwa da cizo. Ana iya yin hakan ta hanyar kawar da ko rufe ruwan tsaye da kuma sanya tufafin da ke rufe da yawa daga cikin jiki. Magani na m dengue yana tallafawa kuma ya haɗa da ba da ruwa ko dai ta baki ko a cikin jijiya don cuta mai laushi ko matsakaici. Don ƙarin lokuta masu tsanani, ana iya buƙatar ƙarin jini. Kimanin mutane rabin miliyan ne ke buƙatar shiga asibiti kowace shekara. Ana ba da shawarar paracetamol (acetaminophen) maimakon magungunan da ba na steroidal anti-inflammatory ba (NSAIDs) don rage zazzabi da jin zafi a cikin dengue saboda yawan haɗarin zubar jini daga amfani da NSAID.

Dengue ya zama matsala a duniya tun bayan yakin duniya na biyu kuma ya zama ruwan dare a kasashe fiye da 120, musamman a kudu maso gabashin Asiya, Kudancin Asiya da Kudancin Amurka. Kimanin mutane miliyan 390 ne ke kamuwa da cutar a shekara kuma kusan 40,000 ke mutuwa. A cikin 2019 an sami ƙaruwa mai yawa a cikin adadin lokuta. Bayanin farko na barkewar cutar tun daga 1779. An fahimci sanadin kamuwa da cuta da yaduwarta a farkon karni na 20. Baya ga kawar da sauro, ana ci gaba da aiki na magunguna da aka yi niyya kai tsaye ga ƙwayoyin cuta. An rarraba shi a matsayin cutar da aka yi watsi da ita a wurare masu zafi.

## Manazarta
Kiba

**Kiba** wani yanayi ne na likitanci wanda yawan kitsen jiki ya taru ta yadda zai iya yin illa ga lafiya. Yawanci ana ɗaukar mutane masu kiba idan ma'aunin jikinsu (BMI), ma'aunin da ake samu ta hanyar raba nauyin mutum da murabba'in tsayin mutum, ya wuce 30 kg/m2; An bayyana kewayon 25-30 kg/m2 azaman kiba. Wasu ƙasashen Gabashin Asiya suna amfani da ƙananan ƙima. Kiba yana ƙara yuwuwar kamuwa da cututtuka da yanayi daban-daban, musamman cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, bugun barci mai hanawa, wasu nau'ikan cutar kansa, osteoarthritis, da damuwa.

Yawan kiba yana faruwa ne ta hanyar haɗuwa da wuce kima da abinci, rashin motsa jiki, da lahani na kwayoyin halitta. Wasu lokuta ana haifar da su ta farko ta kwayoyin halitta, cututtukan endocrine, magunguna, ko rashin hankali. Ra'ayin cewa mutane masu kiba suna cin abinci kaɗan duk da haka suna samun nauyi saboda jinkirin metabolism ba a tallafawa ta hanyar likitanci. A matsakaita, mutane masu kiba suna da yawan kashe kuzarin kuzari fiye da takwarorinsu na yau da kullun saboda kuzarin da ake buƙata don kula da yawan adadin jiki.

Kiba yawanci ana iya hana shi ta hanyar haɗin sauye-sauyen zamantakewa da zaɓi na sirri. Canje-canje ga abinci da motsa jiki sune manyan jiyya. Ana iya inganta ingancin abinci ta hanyar rage yawan amfani da abinci masu yawan kuzari, kamar masu yawan kitse ko sikari, da kuma ƙara yawan abincin da ake ci. Ana iya amfani da magunguna, tare da abincin da ya dace, don rage ci ko rage yawan sha. Idan abinci, motsa jiki, da magunguna ba su da tasiri, ana kuma iya yin balloon ciki ko tiyata don rage girman ciki ko tsayin hanji, wanda zai haifar da jin koshi tun da wuri ko kuma rage ikon shan sinadirai daga abinci.

Kiba ita ce kan gaba wajen hana mutuwa a duk duniya, tare da karuwar yawan manya da yara. A cikin 2015, manya miliyan 600 (12%) da yara miliyan 100 sun yi kiba a ƙasashe 195. Kiba ya fi yawa a mata fiye da maza. Hukumomi suna kallonsa a matsayin ɗayan manyan matsalolin kiwon lafiyar jama'a na ƙarni na 21st. An kyamaci kiba a yawancin duniyar zamani (musamman a yammacin duniya), ko da yake ana kallonta a matsayin alamar dukiya da haihuwa a wasu lokuta a tarihi kuma har yanzu tana cikin wasu sassan duniya. A cikin 2013, ƙungiyoyin likita da yawa, gami da Ƙungiyar Likitocin Amurka da Ƙungiyar Zuciya ta Amurka, sun rarraba kiba a matsayin cuta.

## Manazarta
Israel Polack

**Isra'ila Pollak** (    ; 1909-1993) ɗan Austro-Hungary ne haifaffen Romanian, Chilean da masana'antun masaku na Isra'ila . An fi saninsa da kafa kamfanin *Polgat* na Isra'ila. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Israel Pollak ga dangin Orthodox na Yahudawa a Borșa, gabas Maramureș . A cikin shekarar alif 1925, ya ƙaura zuwa Gura Humorului, Bukovina, daga baya kuma zuwa Cernăuți . Yayin da yake Cernăuți ya yi karatu a yeshiva da kuma masana'antar masaku. A cikin shekarar alif 1935, ya kafa wani kamfani na irinsa a cikin birnin.

## Sana'ar kasuwanci
Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, yayi hijira zuwa Chile inda ɗan'uwansa Marcos ya yi hijira kafin yakin. A can tare da 'yan uwansa da surukai ya kafa "Pollak Hnos." kamfanin yadi. A cikin shekarar alif 1960, Pinhas Sapir, Ministan Masana'antu na Isra'ila a lokacin, ya gayyaci Pollak don yin *aliyah* da kuma kafa masana'anta a Kiryat Gat . Sabon kamfani na Pollak, *Polgat*, ya girma zuwa kamfani mafi girma na yadi, tufafi da kuma saƙa a Isra'ila. A ƙarshe ya zama kamfani na jama'a wanda aka yi ciniki da hannun jari a kasuwar hannun jari ta Tel Aviv . A cikin shekarar alif 1970, Pollaks sun kafa Bagir, sashin maza don kwat da riguna. 

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa
A cikin shekarar alif 1990, an ba Pollak lambar yabo ta Isra'ila saboda gudummawa ta musamman ga al'umma da ƙasar Isra'ila. 

A cikin shekarar alif 1992, Jami'ar Ibrananci da ke Urushalima ta karrama shi.

A cikin shekarar alif 1993, Technion ya karrama shi a Haifa .

## Duba kuma

* Isra'ila fashion
* Jerin masu karɓar lambar yabo ta Isra'ila

## Manazarta
Filin Wasa na Hadejia

**Filin wasa na Hadejia filin wasa** ne da ake amfani da shi sosai a garin Hadejia na jihar Jigawa a Najeriya.  A halin yanzu ana amfani da shi galibi don wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa kuma filin wasa ne na Jigawa Golden Stars FC Filin yana ɗaukar mutane 15,000. 

## Nassoshi


## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Nigeria: Gwamnatin Jigawa Ta Saki N25m Ga Jigawa Golden Stars
Ron Polonsky

**Ron Polonsky** (    ; an haife shi 28 Maris 2001) ɗan wasan ninkaya ne na Isra'ila . Ya yi takara a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekarar 2020 . 

Ƙanwarsa Lea Polonsky ita ma 'yar wasan ninkaya ce.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Ciwon huhu

**Ciwon huhu** yanayi ne mai kumburin huhu da farko yana shafar kananan buhunan iska da aka sani da alveoli. Alamun yawanci sun hada da wasu hadewar tari mai albarka ko bushewa, ciwon ƙirji, zazzabi, da wahalar numfashi. Tsananin yanayin yana canzawa.

Yawanci ana haifar da ciwon huhu ta hanyar kamuwa da kwayoyin cuta ko kwayoyin cuta kuma ƙasa da ƙasa ta wasu ƙananan kwayoyin cuta, wasu magunguna ko yanayi kamar cututtuka na autoimmune. Abubuwan hadari sun hada da cystic fibrosis, cututtukan huhu na huhu (COPD), cutar sikila, asma, ciwon sukari, gazawar zuciya, tarihin shan taba, rashin iya tari (kamar bin bugun jini), da raunin garkuwar jiki. Ana gano cutar sau da yawa akan alamomi da gwajin jiki. X-ray na kirji, gwajin jini, da al'adun sputum na iya taimakawa wajen tabbatar da ganewar asali. Ana iya rarraba cutar ta inda aka samo ta, kamar al'umma- ko asibiti da aka samo ko ciwon huhu mai alaka da lafiya.

Akwai alluran rigakafi don hana wasu nau'ikan ciwon huhu. Sauran hanyoyin rigakafin sun hada da wanke hannu da rashin shan taba. Jiyya ya dogara da ainihin dalilin. Ciwon huhu da aka yi imani da shi na kwayoyin cuta ana bi da shi da maganin rigakafi. Idan ciwon huhu ya yi tsanani, gabaɗaya wanda ya kamu da cutar yana kwance a asibiti. Ana iya amfani da maganin oxygen idan matakan oxygen yayi kasa.

Kowace shekara, ciwon huhu yana shafar kusan mutane miliyan 450 a duk duniya (kashi 7% na yawan jama'a) kuma yana haifar da mutuwar kusan miliyan 4. Tare da gabatar da maganin rigakafi da alluran rigakafi a cikin karni na 20, rayuwa ta inganta sosai. Duk da haka, a kasashe masu tasowa, da ma a cikin manya, kanana da masu fama da rashin lafiya, ciwon huhu ya kasance kan gaba wajen mutuwa. Ciwon huhu yakan gajarta lokacin wahala tsakanin waɗanda ke kusa da mutuwa don haka ana kiransa "abokin tsohon".

## Manazarta
Cutar huhu na yau da kullun

**Ciwon huhu na yau da kullun** (**COPD**) wani nau'in cutar huhu ne mai toshewa wanda ke da matsalar numfashi na dogon lokaci da rashin isasshen iska. Babban alamun sun hada da karancin numfashi da tari tare da samar da sputum. COPD cuta ce mai ci gaba, ma'ana yawanci takan tsananta akan lokaci. daga ƙarshe, ayyukan yau da kullun kamar tafiya ko yin sutura suna zama da wahala. **Cutar sankara na yau da kullun** da **emphysema** sune tsoffin kalmomin da ake amfani da su don nau'ikan COPD daban-daban. Har ila yau ana amfani da kalmar "nau'i-nau'i na mashako" don ma'anar tari mai amfani wanda ke samuwa na akalla watanni uku a kowace shekara har tsawon shekaru biyu. wadanda ke da irin wannan tari suna cikin hadarin hadaka COPD. Hakanan ana amfani da kalmar "emphysema" don rashin kasan cewar iska ko wani iskar gas a cikin kyallen takarda.

Mafi yawan sanadin COPD shine shan taba, tare da mananan adadin lokuta saboda dalilai kamar gurbataccen iska da kwayoyin halitta. A cikin kasashe masu tasowa, daya daga cikin tushen gurbacewar iska shine rashin hura wutar lantarki da dafa abinci. Tsawon lokaci ga wadannan abubuwan haushi yana haifar da amsa mai kumburi a cikin huhu, yana haifar da kunkuntar kananan hanyoyin iska da rushewar kwayar huhu. sakamakon ganewar asali ya dogara ne akan rashin kyawun iska kamar yadda aka auna ta gwajin aikin huhu. Sabanin asma, raguwar kwararar iska baya inganta sosai tare da amfani da bronchodilator.

Yawancin lokuta na COPD za a iya hana su ta hanyar rage hadari ga abubuwan hadari. Wannan ya hada da rage yawan shan taba da inganta ingancin iska na cikin gida da waje. duk da yake jiyya na iya raguwa da tabarbarewa, ba a san magani ba. Magungunan COPD sun hada da daina shan taba, alluran rigakafi, gyaran numfashi, da sau da yawa shakar bronchodilator da steroids. Wasu mutane na iya amfana daga dogon lokaci na maganin oxygen ko dashen huhu. A cikin wadanda ke da lokuta na muni mai tsanani, ana iya bukatar karin amfani da magunguna, maganin rigakafi, steroids, da asibiti.

Ya zuwa shekarar 2015, COPD ta shafi kusan mutane miliyan 174.5 (2.4% na yawan al'ummar duniya). Yawanci yana faruwa a cikin mutanen da suka haura shekaru 40. Maza da mata suna fama daidai da yawa. A shekarar 2015, ta yi sanadin mutuwar mutane miliyan 3.2, fiye da kashi 90 cikin 100 a kasashe masu tasowa, sama da miliyan 2.4 a shekarar 1990. An yi hasashen adadin wadanda suka mutu zai karu saboda karuwar yawan shan taba a kasashe masu tasowa, da kuma yawan tsufa a duniya. kasashe da dama. Ya haifar da kiyasin tsadar tattalin arziki na dalar Amurka tiriliyan 2.1 a cikin 2010.

## Manazarta
Gil Popilski

**Gil Popilski** (    ; an haife shi 6 ga watan Oktoban 1993) Grandmaster Chess ne na Isra'ila (2013).

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Gil Popilski ya wakilci Isra'ila akai-akai a Gasar Chess ta Matasa na Turai da Gasar Wasannin Chess ta Matasa na Duniya a ƙungiyoyin shekaru daban-daban, inda ya lashe lambobin yabo biyu: zinare (a cikin 2009, a Gasar Chess na Matasa na Turai a cikin rukunin 'yan kasa da shekaru 16) da tagulla (a cikin shekarar 2007. a Gasar Cin Kofin Matasa na Turai a cikin ƙungiyar masu shekaru 14). A cikin 2011, a Tel Aviv ya ci gasar Junior Chess na Isra'ila a rukunin shekaru 20.

In 2008, Gil Popilski won international chess tournament in Petah Tikva. In 2009, in Ashdod he shared 2nd place in international chess tournament behind winner Ilya Smirin. In 2010, in Enschede Gil Popilski shared 3rd place in international chess tournament with Robin van Kampen and Martyn Kravtsiv.

Gil Popilski ya buga wa Isra'ila wasa a gasar Chess Team na Turai :

* A cikin 2013, a jirgi na biyu a gasar zakarun Chess na Turai na 19 a Warsaw (+2, = 3, -3).

A cikin shekarar 2010, an ba shi taken FIDE International Master (IM)  kuma ya sami taken FIDE Grandmaster (GM) bayan shekara uku.  Mafi kyawun ƙimarsa shine 2572 a cikin Disamba 2015.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Bayanan ɗan wasan Gil Popilski  
* Gil Popilski wasan dara a 365Chess.com
Katy Perry (prison service)

**Manjo-Janar Katy Perry** (an haife ta a shekarar 1964) (    ) ita ce shugabar hidimar gidan yari na kasar Isra'ila, wacce aka naɗa a shekarar 2021.

## Ilimi da rayuwar sirri
Perry yana da digiri na farko da na biyu a fannin ilimin Islama da Gabas ta Tsakiya daga Jami'ar Hebrew ta Kudus, sannan ya yi digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Haifa da Kwalejin Tsaro ta Kasa. Perry ya auri Ofer Perry, wani ma'aikacin banki mai zaman kansa kuma tsohon VP na Talla a Hukumar Gidan Wasiƙa, kuma suna da 'ya'ya uku.

Biyu daga cikin ’yan’uwan Perry, Ehud Yifrach da S. (wanda daga baya ya zama shaida na jiha) an kama su a cikin 2013 bisa zargin ba da cin hanci ga ma’aikatan Kamfanin Ruwa na Tel Aviv, Mei Avivim. Perry ta matsa wa ma'aikatan IPS su ayyana ɗan'uwanta a matsayin " fursunonin aiki " waɗanda ke yin aikin dafa abinci da tsaftacewa kuma suna samun ƙarin 'yancin motsi a kurkuku. An same su da laifin zamba da cin hanci, kuma sun yi zaman gidan yari daidai da hidimarta a IPS.

A gefe guda kuma, an yi zargin cewa ta yanke hulda da dan uwanta a shekarar 2015, kuma ba ta yi kokarin yin tasiri a kan lamarinsu ba.

## Ayyuka
Bayan an sake ta, ta yi karatu a Jami’ar Hebrew ta Kudus, kuma a lokacin karatunta ta shiga hidimar kurkuku a 1987.

Ta yi aiki a sashin leken asiri a matsayin jami'ar tantance laifuka kuma a matsayin mai tushe da jami'in kasafin kudi. Ta yi aiki a matsayin jami’ar tantance masu laifi da masu aikata laifuka a gundumar Kudu, sannan ta yi aikin leken asiri a gidan yarin Ayalon. Perry ta yi aiki a Babban Rundunar IDF daga 1982 zuwa 1984.

A shekarar 2002, an naɗa ta jami'ar leken asiri. Ta kammala kwas na aikin leken asiri, kuma a shekara ta 2006 aka naɗa mataimakiyar kwamandan gidan yarin Hadarim. A shekara ta 2007 aka naɗa ta jami'ar leken asiri a tsakiyar gundumar, kuma a shekara ta 2008 aka naɗa ta shugabar sashen fursunoni, kuma a 2010 aka naɗa ta shugabar cibiyar Hadarim. Daga nan Perry ya zama shugaban hukumar kula da albarkatun jama'a da mataimakin kwamandan gunduma ta tsakiya.

A watan Afrilun shekarar 2018, an kara mata girma zuwa mukamin kwamishina. A watan Agusta 2019, an naɗa ta Shugabar Gundumar Kudanci a Hidimar Kurkuku ta Isra’ila. Ita ce mace ta farko da aka nada a matsayin hedkwatar gundumar a IPS.

A cikin Disamba 2020, Ministan Tsaro na Cikin Gida, Amir Ohana, ya yanke shawarar naɗa Perry a matsayin Kwamishinan IPS na 18.

A ranar 24 ga Janairu, shekarar 2021, an naɗa Perry Kwamishiniyar gidajen yari kuma aka kara mata girma zuwa mukamin Manjo-Gondar.

A lokacin aikinta, hutun kurkukun Gilboa ya faru, don haka Perry ta fuskanci kiraye-kirayen yin murabus. 

## Manazarta
Cataract

**Cataract** shine gajimare na ruwan tabarau na ido wanda ke haifar da kankantar gani. Cataracts sau da yawa suna tasowa a hankali kuma yana iya shafar idanu ɗaya ko duka biyu. Alamun na iya haɗawa da ɓatattun launuka, blur ko hangen nesa biyu, halos kusa da haske, matsala tare da fitilu masu haske, da matsalar gani da daddare. Wannan na iya haifar da matsala tuƙi, karatu, ko gane fuskokin motane. Rashin hangen nesa wanda cataracts ke haifarwa na iya haifar da ƙarin haɗarin faɗuwa da damuwa. Cataracts yana haifar da rabin dukkan cututtukan makanta kimanin kashi 33% na nakasar gani a duniya.

Cataracts sun fi yawa saboda tsufa amma kuma yana iya faruwa saboda rauni ko bayyanar (radiation) haske me cutarwa

Rigakafin ya haɗa da sanya tabarau, faffadan hula, cin ganyaye da 'ya'yan itatuwa, da guje wa shan taba. Tun da fa

Kimanin mutane miliyan 20 ne suka makanta saboda cataract. Shi ne sanadin kusan kashi 5% na makanta a Amurka da kusan kashi 60% na makanta a sassan Afirka da Kudancin Amurka. Makanta daga cataracts yana faruwa a kusan 10 zuwa 40 a cikin 100,000 yara a cikin kasashe masu tasowa, kuma 1 zuwa 4 a cikin 100,000 yara a cikin kasashen da suka ci gaba. Cataracts ya zama ruwan dare gama gari. A Amurka, kashi 68 cikin 100 na wadanda suka haura shekaru 80 suna fama da cataract. Bugu da ƙari, sun fi kowa a cikin mata, kuma ba su da yawa a cikin Mutanen Hispanic da Baƙar fata.

## Manazarta
Mubi (Birni)

**Mubi** birni ne, da ke a gundumar Arewa a Jihar Adamawa, dake arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. Mubi ta rabu zuwa kashi biyu. 

Mubi ta arewa da Mubi kudu

## Jama'a
Manyan kabilan garin sun hada da Fali, Gude, Kamwe, Margi da Mundang (Godo-godo).

## Ilimi

Mubi tana da manyan cibiyoyin koyo guda uku: Federal Polytechnic, Mubi,   College of Health Technology (Mubi Campus), da Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa, Mubi. 

## Boko Haram ta kwace garin
Wasu kafafen yada labarai sun bada sanarwa cewa an canzawa birnin suna zuwa *Madinatul [[Musulunci|Islam]]*, ma'ana *birnin Musulunci* da kungiyar Boko Haram ta yi ikirarin cewa a watan Oktoban 2014 lokacin da suka kwace garin da ke karkashin ikonsu.

A watan Nuwamban shekarar 2014 ne sojojin Najeriya suka kwato garin Mubi daga hannun 'yan Boko Haram. Gwamnan jihar Adamawa Barr. Bala Ngilari ya ce dakarun gwamnati sun kwato garin daga hannun 'yan Boko Haram. Wasu rahotanni sun kuma ce 'yan Boko Haram sun janye daga garin ne bayan sun wawashe kayayyaki da kudaden jama'a zuwa maboyarsu daga garin, amma ba sakamakon fadan kai tsayeya ba. Sai dai shugaban ma’aikata na Bala Ngilari, Chibudo Babbi ya shaidawa Sashen Hausa na BBC cewa sojoji sun fatattaki ragowar kungiyar daga Mubi. 

## Kashe-kashe
Wani harin ta'addanci da aka kai a ranar 2 ga watan Oktoban 2012 lokacin da wasu da ake zargin 'yan Boko Haram ne suka shiga garin da misalin karfe 10 na dare suka kashe mutane da dama.  Galibin wadanda abin ya shafa dai dalibai ne daga cibiyoyin ilimi guda uku ( Federal Polytechnic Mubi, School Of Health Technology da Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa ) dake garin. An bayyana adadin wadanda suka mutu a farko zuwa 25, amma an ce adadin ya kusan kusan 45. 

An kai harin bom a Mubi a ranar 1 ga watan Yunin shekarata 2014.

A ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamban 2017, wani harin kunar bakin wake da aka kai a wani masallaci a lokacin sallar asuba ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 25-50. Boko Haram ne ake zargi ta aikata laifin. 

An kai harin kunar bakin wake a wani masallaci da kasuwa a garin Mubi a shekarar 2018.

## Yanayi
Tsarin kasafin yanayi na Köppen-Geiger yana rarraba yanayin garin azaman Tropical wet and dry climate (Aw).

## Kasuwar shanu
Mubi gidan shahararriyar kasuwar shanu ta kasa da kasa wadda aka fi sani da kasuwan shanu ko kuma Kasuwan tike dake tsakiyar garin, kwastomomi masu yawan gaske ne suke siyan shanu da tumaki musamman daga arewa maso gabashin Najeriya ana rarraba su zuwa sassa daban-daban na kudancin kasar Najeriya ta tireloli da manyan motoci. 

## Sanannen mazauna
Mubi gida ce ga fitattun yan Najeriya da suka hada da:

* Iya Abubakar (Prof of Mathematics)
* Alex Badeh (Tsohon Hafsan Hafsoshin Tsaron Najeriya)
* Bindow Umar Jibrilla (Tsohon Gwamnan Jihar Adamawa)
* Ibrahim Lamorde (Tsohon Shugaban EFCC)

## Manazarta
wuri
Umaru Bangura

**Umaru Bangura**

## Sana'a
A cikin Janairu shekara ta 2011, Bangura ya koma kulob din Eliteserien FK Haugesund . Ya buga wasansa na farko na gasar ga kulob din a ranar 20 ga watan Maris,2011 a cikin rashin nasara da ci 2–0 zuwa Tromsø IL . An saka shi a minti na 71 don Ugonna Anyora .  Ya ci kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a kungiyar a ranar 25 ga watan satumba,shekara ta 2011 a nasarar gida da ci 1-0 a kan Aalesunds FK . A minti na 54 da fara wasan ne ya ci kwallonsa. 

A lokacin Turanci ,shekarar 2013 rani canja wurin taga, Bangura janyo hankalin sha'awa daga Premier League gefen Crystal Palace, amma tafi kasa materialise.  

A watan Disamba,shekara ta 2013 Bangura amince don matsawa zuwa FC Dinamo Minsk a cikin Vysheyshaya Liga .  Ya buga wasansa na farko a gasar lig a kulob din a ranar 30 ga watan Maris,shekarar 2014 a ci 1-0 a waje da FC Dnepr Mogilev . Ya buga dukkan mintuna casa'in na wasan. 

A watan Agusta shekarar 2016 ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku tare da kulob din Swiss FC Zürich .  Ya buga wasansa na farko na gasar don kulob din a ranar 22 ga watan Agusta,shekarar 2016 a nasarar gida da ci 1-0 akan Neuchâtel Xamax . A minti na 84 ne aka zura kwallo a ragar Armando Sadiku .  Ya zira kwallonsa na farko a gasar ga kulob din a ranar 2 ga watan Oktoba shekarar 2016 a nasarar da suka yi da 5–0 a kan FC Wohlen . Kwallon da ya zura a minti na 61, ta sanya Zurich ta ci 4-0. 

A ranar 8 ga Janairu, 2021, an sanar da cewa Bangura ya koma kulob din Neuchâtel Xamax na Swiss Challenge League kan kwantiragin har zuwa karshen kakar wasa, bayan da Zürich ya sake shi.  

## Ayyukan kasa da kasa

Zuwa watan Nuwamba,shekarar 2018, Bangura shine kyaftin din tawagar kasar.  A watan Oktoban shekara ta 2019 ya ce yana tunanin barin tawagar kasar bayan fusatattun magoya bayan kungiyar suka kai masa hari. 

## Kididdigar sana'a

### Kulob

## Manazarta