Lemun bawo

Lemu, wanda kuma ake kira lemu mai daɗi don bambanta shi da lemu mai ɗaci (Citrus × aurantium), 'ya'yan itace ne a cikin dangin Rutaceae. A fannin tsirrai, wannan shine haɗin Citrus × sinensis, tsakanin pomelo (Citrus maxima) da lemu na mandarin (Citrus reticulata). Tsarin halittar chloroplast, saboda haka layin uwa, shine na pomelo. Haɗin lemu mai daɗi suna samar da nau'ikan mandarin da innabi daga baya. Lemu mai daɗi an tsara cikakken tsarin halittarsa.

Lemu ya samo asali ne daga yankin da ya ƙunshi Kudancin China, Arewa maso Gabashin Indiya, da Myanmar; farkon ambaton lemu mai daɗi yana cikin wallafe-wallafen China a cikin 314 BC. Ana noma bishiyoyin lemu sosai a wurare masu zafi da wurare masu zafi don 'ya'yansu masu daɗi. Ana iya cin 'ya'yan itacen lemu sabo ko a sarrafa su don ruwan 'ya'yan itace ko bawon ƙamshi. A cikin 2022, an noma tan miliyan 76 na lemu a duk duniya, inda Brazil ke samar da kashi 22% na jimlar, sai Indiya da China.

Lemu, waɗanda aka fahimta daban-daban, sun bayyana a cikin al'adun ɗan adam tun zamanin da. Sun fara bayyana a cikin fasahar Yammacin Turai a cikin Arnolfini Portrait na Jan van Eyck, amma an nuna su a cikin fasahar Sin ƙarni da suka gabata, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin zane-zanen daular Zhao Lingrang na masu sha'awar Oranges da Green Tangerines. Zuwa ƙarni na 17, lemu ya zama abin alfahari a Turai, kamar yadda aka gani a Versailles Orangerie. Kwanan nan, masu fasaha kamar Vincent van Gogh, John Sloan, da Henri Matisse sun haɗa da lemu a cikin zane-zanensu.

## Bayani
Bishiyar lemu ƙaramar bishiyar da ba ta da ganye sosai, mai fure, tana da matsakaicin tsayin mita 9 zuwa 10 (ƙafa 30 zuwa 33), kodayake wasu tsofaffin samfuran na iya kaiwa mita 15 (ƙafa 49). Ganyenta masu siffar oval, waɗanda aka shirya a madadinsu, suna da tsayin santimita 4 zuwa 10 (inci 1.6 zuwa 3.9) kuma suna da gefuna masu kauri. Lemu mai daɗi suna girma a cikin girma dabam-dabam, kuma siffofi sun bambanta daga mai siffar ƙwallo zuwa oblong. A ciki kuma an haɗa shi da haƙarƙarin akwai farin nama mai laushi, fari, mesocarp ko albedo (pith). Lemu yana ɗauke da nau'ikan carpels daban-daban (kashi ko aladu, a matsayin 'ya'yan itatuwa) a ciki, yawanci kusan goma, kowannensu yana da membrane kuma yana ɗauke da vesicles da yawa cike da ruwan 'ya'yan itace da kuma yawanci kaɗan. Lokacin da bai nuna ba, 'ya'yan itacen kore ne. Haƙarƙarin 'ya'yan itacen da suka nuna ba daidai ba na iya kasancewa daga lemu mai haske zuwa rawaya-orange, amma sau da yawa yana riƙe da faci kore ko, a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi, ya kasance kore gaba ɗaya. Kamar sauran 'ya'yan itacen citrus, lemu mai daɗi ba shi da tsami, ba ya nuna daga bishiyar. An raba rukunin Citrus sinensis zuwa rukuni huɗu masu halaye daban-daban: lemu na yau da kullun, lemu na jini ko masu launi, lemu na cibiya, da lemu mara acid. 'Ya'yan itacen hesperidium ne, 'ya'yan itacen da aka gyara; an rufe shi da wani fata da aka samar ta hanyar kauri mai ƙarfi na bangon kwai.

## Tarihi
Asalin Gauraye

Bishiyoyin Citrus angiosperms ne, kuma yawancin nau'ikan suna da alaƙa da juna. Wannan ya haɗa da innabi, lemun tsami, lemun tsami, lemu, da kuma yawancin nau'ikan citrus. Ganin cewa bambancin haihuwa tsakanin lemu da sauran citrus ya haifar da nau'ikan iri da iri da yawa, kuma an zaɓi maye gurbi na toho, tsarin citrus ya tabbatar da wahala.

Lemu mai daɗi, Citrus x sinensis,[10] ba 'ya'yan itace bane na daji, amma ya samo asali ne a cikin gida a Gabashin Asiya. Ya samo asali ne a yankin da ya ƙunshi Kudancin China, Arewa maso Gabashin Indiya,[11] da Myanmar. An ƙirƙiri 'ya'yan itacen a matsayin giciye tsakanin lemu na mandarin mara tsarki da pomelo na hybrid wanda ke da babban bangaren mandarin. Tunda DNA na chloroplast ɗinsa na pomelo ne, wataƙila pomelo ne na hybrid, wataƙila pomelo na baya-bayan pomelo BC1, wanda shine mahaifiyar uwa ta lemu na farko. Dangane da nazarin kwayoyin halitta, matsakaicin adadin nau'in kakannin da ke cikin lemu mai daɗi shine kusan 42% pomelo da 58% mandarin. Duk nau'ikan lemu mai zaki sun fito ne daga wannan giciyen samfurin, wanda ya bambanta ne kawai ta hanyar maye gurbi da aka zaɓa don yaɗuwar noma. Lemu mai zaki suna da asali daban-daban daga lemu mai ɗaci, wanda ya fito daban-daban, wataƙila a cikin daji, daga giciye tsakanin mandarin tsantsa da iyayen pomelo.

Lemu mai zaki sun haifar da ƙarin nau'ikan lemu da yawa, ciki har da innabi, wanda ya samo asali ne daga baya-bayan ...h

## Manazarta