Kwamitin Masana na Afirka kan Ƴanci da Lafiyar Yara

An kafa **kwamitin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ‘yan Afirka kan ‘yancin da jin daɗin yara** ( **ACERWC** ) a watan Yulin shekara ta 2001, shekaru ɗaya da rabi bayan da Yarjejeniya ta Afirka kan ‘yancin da jin daɗin yara ta fara aiki. Kwamitin ya fara aiki a shekara ta 2003.

## Manufa
ACERWC ta zana aikinta ne daga sharuɗɗa 32 – 46 na Yarjejeniya Ta Afirka kan Haƙƙin Yara da Jin Dadin Yara (ACRWC), wadda shugabannin ƙasashen Tarayyar Afirka (OAU) suka amince da ita a ranar 11 ga Yuli 1990 kuma ta fara aiki a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba 1999. Ya zuwa watan Yuli na shekarar 2024, kasashe mambobin kungiyar AU 51 ne suka amince da yarjejeniyar, kuma biyar ne har yanzu za su amince da su: Morocco, Somalia, Sudan ta Kudu da Tunisia. (Duba https://au.int/treaties  don cikakken jeri, gami da ajiyar jihohi huɗu masu tabbatarwa.)

## Membobin kwamitin ACERWC-masana
Kwamitin dai na kunshe da mambobi goma sha daya wadanda Majalisar shugabannin kasashe da gwamnatocin Tarayyar Afirka suka zaba . Suna hidima a matsayinsu na sirri. Ana zaɓe su ne ta hanyar jefa ƙuri'a a asirce daga jerin mutanen da Jam'iyyun Jiha suka zaɓe zuwa Yarjejeniya ta (ACRWC Charter, article 34). Majalissar zartaswa ce ta ke zabar ‘yan majalisu a bisa al’ada kuma Majalisar ta nada su. A watan Fabrairun 2020, Majalisar ta yanke shawarar ba da ikonta ga Majalisar Zartarwa don nada membobin (Majalisa/AU/Dec.760(XXXIII)).

Ana buƙatar 'yan takara su kasance masu kyawawan halaye, mutunci, rashin son kai da ƙwarewa a cikin lamuran da suka shafi haƙƙoƙin yara da jin daɗin rayuwa. A cikin Yarjejeniyar, wa'adin shekaru biyar ne, amma don kaucewa ficewar dukkan mambobi 11 bayan wa'adin farko, sashi na 37 ya tanadi wa'adin mambobi biyu su kare bayan shekaru biyu da shida bayan shekaru hudu, kamar yadda shugaban majalisar AU ya bayyana a sakamakon kuri'a da aka yi a zaben farko. Mataki na 37 da farko ya bayyana cewa ba za a iya sake zabar membobin ba. A watan Janairun 2015, Majalisar AU ta amince da wani gyara ga sashi na 37(1) don ba da damar sake zabar membobi sau daya na wa'adin shekaru biyar (Majalisu/AU/Dec.548(XXIV)). Gyaran ya fara aiki kan amincewa da shi.

Ana zabar membobin ofishin daga cikin kwamitin na tsawon shekaru biyu (shafi na 38).

Sharuɗɗan zaɓin membobin su ne:

# Membobin dole ne su kasance ƴan ƙasa na Jam'iyyar Jiha a Yarjejeniya Ta Yara (watau ƙasar da ta sanya hannu);
# Dole ne su kasance mutane masu girman ɗabi'a, mutunci, rashin son kai da cancanta a cikin lamuran haƙƙi da jin daɗin yara;
# Kasashen da suka rattaba hannu ne suka zabi mambobin kuma Majalisar shugabannin kasashen kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ne suka zaba;
# Ana zabar membobi na tsawon shekaru biyar kuma suna yin hidima bisa radin kansu a matsayinsu na kowane mutum. Za a iya sake zaɓe su na wa'adi ɗaya bayan gyara ga labarin 37(1).

## Tarurukan doka
Kwamitin yana gudanar da zama na yau da kullun sau biyu a shekara, da kuma zama mai ban mamaki idan ya cancanta. Ana samun shirye-shiryen zaman kwamitin a www.acerwc.africa/sessions. Zama na yau da kullun shine wurin da ƙungiyoyin Jihohi ke ba da rahoto, ƙungiyoyin CSO na ƙarin rahotanni, sadarwa, buƙatun bincike da sauran buƙatun da aka gabatar a gaban kwamitin. Wasu ayyuka yayin zaman a buɗe suke yayin da wasu kuma an iyakance su.

Hakanan kwamitin na iya kiran tarurruka daban-daban, tarurrukan karawa juna sani da karawa juna sani daidai da wa'adinsa na talla.

## Yan kwamitin na yanzu
Majalisar zartaswa ce ke zabar kwamitin kuma ta nada shi na tsawon shekaru biyar.

Membobin ACERWC na yanzu sune (suna, ƙasa, matsayi):

* Wilson Almeida Adão, Angola, Shugaba
* Aver Gavar, Nigeria, mataimakin shugaba
* Anne Musiwa, Zimbabwe
* Poloko Nuggert Ntshwarang, Botswana
* Aboubekrine El Jera, Mauritania
* Ghislain Roch Etsan, Jamhuriyar Kongo
* Hermine Kembo Takam Gatsing, Kamaru
* Sabrina Gahar, Algeria
* Robert Doya Nanima, Uganda
* Karoonawtee Chooramun, Mauritius

## Tsoffin mambobin kwamitin

### West Africa

* Dirius Dialé Dore (Guinea) 2001–2003
*  Dior Fall Sow (Senegal) 2001–2005
* Jean-Baptiste Zoungrana (Burkina Faso) 2003–2008
* Peter Ebigbo (Nigeria) 2003–2008
*  Nakpa Polo (Togo) 2003–2008
* Seynabou Ndiaye Diakhaté (Senegal) 2003–2008
* Marie Chantal Koffi Appoh (Cote d'Ivoire)
* Moussa Sissoko (Mali) 2005–2010
* Cyprien Adébayo Yanclo (Benin; First Vice Chair) 2007–2013
* Agnès Kabore Ouattara (Burkina Faso; Chair) 2007–2013
* Maryam Uwais (Nigeria) 2007–2013
* Aho Assouma Suzanne (Togo) 2013–2018
* Sidikou Aissatou Alassane Moulaye
* Nanike Nkewe

### North Africa

* Dawlat Hassan (Egypt) 2006–2011
* Mme Fatima Delladj-Sebba (Algeria) 2010–2015
* Mme Amal Muhammad al-Hengari (Libya) 2010–2015
* Azza El Ashmawy (Egypt) 2013–2018
* Moushira Khattab

### East Africa

* Benyam Dawit Mezmur
* Joyce Aluoch (Kenya) 20012005
* Rebecca MirembeNyanyintono (Uganda) 2001–2003
* Stratton Nsanzabaanwa (Rwanda) 2002005
* Assefa Bequele (Ethiopia) 2003–2008
* Martha Koome (Kenya) 2005–2010
* Felicité Muhimpundu (Rwanda) 2010–2015

### Central Africa

* Rudolph Soh (Cameroon) 2001–2005
* Nanitom Motoyam (Chad) 2001–2005
* Joseph Ndayisenga

### Southern Africa

* Julia Sloth-Nielsen (South Africa) 2011–2016
* Karabo Karabo Mohau (Lesotho) 2001–2003
* Louis Pierre Robert Ahnee (Mauritius) 20012005
* Lulu Tshiwula (South Africa) 2001–2005
* Mamosebi T. Pholo (Lesotho) 2005–2010
* Boipelo Lucia Seithlamo (Botswana) 2005–2010
* Andrianirainy Rasamoely (Madagascar) 2007–2012
* Justice Alfas M. Chitakunye (Zimbabwe) 2010–2015

## Sakatariyar
Sakatariyar Kwamitin tana a Maseru, a cikin Masarautar Lesotho tun Disamba 2020.

Babban sakataren riko shine Ayalew Getachew Assefa.

## Ranar Yaran Afirka
Majalisar shugabannin kasashe da gwamnatocin OAU ce ta kafa ranar ‘Ya’yan Afirka (DAC) a shekarar 1991 domin tunawa da tashin hankalin dalibai na ranar 16 ga watan Yunin 1976 a Soweto, kasar Afirka ta Kudu. A wancan lokacin dalibai sun yi tattaki don nuna rashin amincewarsu da rashin ingancin ilimin da suka samu tare da neman a koyar da su cikin harsunansu. A yayin zanga-zangar an kashe daruruwan yara 'yan makaranta. Ana bikin ranar yaran Afirka ne domin tunawa da wadannan yara da jajircewar da suka dauka na kare hakkinsu. Har ila yau, Ranar Yaran Afirka na yin bikin murnar yaran Afirka tare da zaburar da tunanin tunani da aiki don magance matsalolin da yara a Afirka ke fuskanta a kullum.

Ranar 16 ga watan Yuni ne ake gudanar da bikin ranar yaran Afirka a kowace shekara tare da taken da kwamitin ya zayyana bisa ra'ayoyin yara da aka tattara daga shawarwari daban-daban da yaran da kansu. Kwamitin ya kuma samar da Bayanin Ra'ayi kan taken Ranar Yaran Afirka don jagorantar bikin tunawa da ranar a kasashe mambobin kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka.

### Abubuwan kiyayewa
A ranar 16 ga watan Yuni na kowace shekara, kwamitin, gwamnatocin Afirka, wakilan yara, kungiyoyin yara da matasa, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, CSOs, kungiyoyin kasa da kasa da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki sun hallara don tattaunawa kan kalubale da damammaki da ke fuskantar cikakken tabbatar da hakkin yara a Afirka. Ana bikin ranar yaran Afirka a matakin ƙasa da nahiya. A matakin kasa, ana bukatar kasashe mambobin kungiyar su gudanar da wannan rana bisa jagororin da kwamitin ya bayar ta hanyar tuntubar yara da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki. Haka kuma, ana karfafa kasashe mambobin kungiyar da su dauki kwararan matakai da suka hada da dokoki da sauran matakan da suka shafi jigon shekara. A matakin nahiyoyi, ana bikin ranar yaran Afirka ta hanyar tuntubar yara da horar da yara kan Yarjejeniya da kuma tattaunawa tsakanin tsararraki a ranar 16 ga Yuni. Kwamitin da Mahalarta Ranar Yara na Afirka sun yi amfani da sanarwar sakamako a kan taken da ya biyo bayan Bikin Nahiyar da aka yi a ranar 16 ga watan Yuni.

Mambobin kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka sun mika rahoto ga kwamitin kasa da kasa na bikin ranar kananan yara na Afirka tare da bayyana ayyukan da aka gudanar da kuma matakan da aka dauka dangane da taken taron tunawa da ranar yaran Afirka.

### Muhimmanci
Kwamitin ya amince da mahimmancin ranar yaran Afirka a matsayin kayan ba da shawarwari don inganta hangen nesa na Yarjejeniya da kuma inganta yancin yara da walwala a Afirka. Ranar Yaran Afirka na ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan ci gaba na kwamitin. A yayin bikin, kwamitin na inganta hakkin yara tare da yin nazari kan kokarin da ake yi na kare da kuma inganta yancin yara da walwala a fadin nahiyar. Ranar yaran Afirka don haka ta bukaci yin zurfafa tunani da himma wajen magance dimbin kalubalen da yara ke fuskanta a fadin nahiyar tare da mai da hankali kan taken shekara.
## Rahotannin karya doka: sadarwa
Sadarwa na nufin koke ne da za a iya gabatar gaban Kwamitin dangane da zargin karya dokokin Yarjejeniyar Afirka kan Ƴancin da Jin Daɗin Yara (Yarjejeniyar) da wani Ƙasa mai hannu ta yi. Mataki na 44 na Yarjejeniyar yana ba da damar cewa “Kwamitin na iya karɓar sadarwa daga kowanne mutum, ƙungiya, ko ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da Kungiyar Haɗin Kan Afirka (OAU) ko wata Jiha, ko kuma Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta amince da ita dangane da batutuwan da wannan Yarjejeniya ta ƙunsa.” Kwamitin ya kafa Ka’idoji na Dubawa da Aiwatar da Sadarwa da kuma Bin Diddigin Aiwatar da Shawarwari (Ka’idoji) don bayyana matakai da ƙa’idojin aiwatar da Sadarwa.

Dangane da Mataki na 44 na Yarjejeniyar da Sashe na I na Ka’idoji, kowane mutum da ya damu da lamarin—ciki har da waɗanda aka zalunta, kungiyoyi, kungiyoyin fararen hula (CSOs), kungiyoyin gwamnatoci da na kasa da kasa, da Jihohi—na iya gabatar da Sadarwa gaban Kwamitin. Ana iya gabatar da Sadarwa ba tare da amincewar waɗanda abin ya shafa ba, matuƙar hakan yana da moriya ga yarinya ko yaro.

Da zarar Kwamitin ya karɓi Sadarwa, zai fara da duba ko an cika sharuddan siffofi da abun ciki kamar yadda Sashe na II na Ka’idoji ya tanada. Daga nan sai ya tantance ko Sadarwar ta cancanci karɓuwa gwargwadon sharuddan da ke Sashe na IX. Idan an amince da Sadarwar, Kwamitin zai shiga duba ainihin ƙarar da zarge-zargen take. Idan an samu keta haƙƙi, Kwamitin zai buƙaci Jiha mai hannu ta ɗauki matakin gyara. Jiha mai laifi kuma dole ta ba da rahoto kan yadda take aiwatar da matakan da Kwamitin ya yanke.

Kwamitin yana gudanar da ayyuka na sa ido bayan yanke shawara dangane da Sadarwa. Wadannan sun haɗa da ziyarce-ziyarce zuwa ƙasashe, sauraron bayanan aiwatarwa, da bayar da rahoto ga Kwamitin Zartaswa na Tarayyar Afirka. Duba Sashe na XXII na Ka’idoji don ƙarin bayani. Kwamitin ya kafa Rukunin Aiki kan Aiwatar da Shawarwari domin sa ido da tantance yadda Jihohi ke aiwatar da matakan da aka tanada.

## Rahotannin Jihohi da Bayanan ƙarshe
Jihohin da suka amince da Yarjejeniyar Afirka kan Ƴancin da Jin Daɗin Yara suna da alhakin bayar da rahoto ga Kwamitin Masana na Afirka kan Matsayin Aiwatar da Yarjejeniyar a ƙasarsu. Bisa ga Mataki na 43, ya kamata Jihohi su mika rahoton farko cikin shekaru biyu bayan sahalewar Yarjejeniyar, sannan kowace shekara uku daga baya.

Rahotannin farko na bayar da bayani gaba ɗaya kan ƙasar da tsarin dokoki da na gwamnati da ke kare haƙƙin yara. Har ila yau, rahotannin na haska matakan da ƙasar ta dauka don cimma manufofin Yarjejeniyar. Rahotannin lokaci-lokaci kuwa na bayyana yadda ƙasar ke aiwatar da shawarwari da rahotannin baya da Kwamitin ya fitar.

Bayan samun rahoton, Kwamitin zai fara da duba rahoton da tsara jerin batutuwan da ke bukatar karin bayani. Bayan haka, ana gudanar da tattaunawa da Wakilan ƙasar yayin zama na Kwamitin. Wadannan tattaunawa su na cikin Zama na Budewa wanda kowa na iya halarta. Wannan tsari na bayar da rahoton daga Jihohi na daya daga cikin muhimman hanyoyin da Kwamitin ke amfani da su don sa ido kan aiwatar da Yarjejeniya a cikin gida.

Bayan duba rahotannin Jihohi, Kwamitin na fitar da jawabin ƙarshe da shawarwari inda ke bayyana nasarorin da aka samu da matakan da ya kamata a ɗauka. Tsarin bayar da rahoton yana ci gaba yayin da ƙasashen ke ci gaba da bayar da bayanai kan matakan da suka ɗauka don aiwatar da shawarwari. Haka kuma, Kwamitin na kai ziyara zuwa ƙasashe domin duba yadda ake aiwatar da shawarar da ya bayar da kuma ƙarfafa ƙasashen su ci gaba da mika rahotonsu na gaba.

## Ajandar 2040

Domin ƙarfafa Afirka mai dacewa da yara, Kwamitin ya ƙirƙiri Ajandar Afirka don Yara ta 2040 (Ajandar 2040) a shekara ta 2015. Hangen ƙirƙirar wannan Ajanda ya samo asali ne daga wani taron da aka gudanar a 2015, wanda ya kasance ɓangare na bikin cikar shekaru 25 da amincewar Yarjejeniyar Afirka kan Haƙƙin Yara. Taron ya tattauna matsaloli da ci gaban da yara suka fuskanta a cikin shekaru 25 da suka wuce. Ajandar ta fito daga wannan taron, tare da ƙarin bayani daga babbar Ajandar 2063, wacce ke da burin baiwa yara 'yancin su ta hanyar cikakken aiwatar da Yarjejeniyar Afirka kan Haƙƙin Yara. Ajandar 2040 ta samu amincewar Kwamitin Zartarwa na Tarayyar Afirka ta hanyar shawarar EX.CL/Dec.997(XXXI) kuma ta zama takardar AU.

Ajandar 2040 ta saita burukan da ake fatan cimma dangane da haƙƙin yara a cikin shekaru 25 masu zuwa, bisa darussan da aka koya a shekarun da suka wuce. Zuwa shekara ta 2040, haƙƙin yaran Afirka ya kamata a kare shi da ƙarfi, tare da aiwatar da abubuwan da wannan Ajandar ta gindaya.

Ajandar ta bayyana buruka goma da za a cimma kafin 2040, tare da taƙaitaccen bayani a kowane fanni:

* Buri na 1: Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙin Yaran Afirka, ƙarƙashin kulawar Kwamitin Yara na Afirka, tana bayar da ingantaccen tsarin nahiyar don bunƙasa haƙƙin yara
* Buri na 2: Kowane ƙasa mamba na AU tana da tsarin dokoki, manufofi da cibiyoyi masu dacewa da yara
* Buri na 3: An yi rajistar haihuwa da muhimman bayanai na kowane yaro
* Buri na 4: Kowane yaro ya tsira kuma yana da kyakkyawar ƙuruciya
* Buri na 5: Kowane yaro ya girma cikin gina jiki da samun abubuwan bukata na rayuwa
* Buri na 6: Kowane yaro yana cin gajiyar ingantaccen ilimi
* Buri na 7: Kowane yaro yana da kariya daga tashin hankali, cin zarafi, ƙyamar kulawa da muzantawa
* Buri na 8: Yara suna cin moriyar tsarin shari’a mai tausayi ga yara
* Buri na 9: Kowane yaro yana cikin zaman lafiya daga yaƙe-yaƙe da sauran bala’o’i
* Buri na 10: Ra’ayoyin yaran Afirka na da muhimmanci

## Manazarta
* About Agenda 2040
* Official Website of ACERWC
* ACERWC Website: About Communication
* About Day of the African Child
* African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child ACERWC