Fam na Afirka ta Kudu

**Fam** ( Afrikaans: *kandami*; alamar **£**, **£SA** don bambanta) ita ce kudin Tarayyar Afirka ta Kudu daga kafuwar ƙasar a ƙarƙashin mulkin Biritaniya a 1910. An maye gurbinsa da rand a cikin 1961 lokacin da Afirka ta Kudu ta ragu.

A shekara ta 1825, wani tsarin mulki na sarauta ya yi tayin siyar da tsabar kudi a duk yankunan Birtaniyya. Yayin da lokaci ya ci gaba, *Sterling* da tsabar kuɗin da ke da alaƙa ya zama kuɗin kowane yanki na Burtaniya a Kudancin Afirka . A wancan lokacin sterling ya bi tsarin kuɗi na Carolingian na fam ɗin da aka raba zuwa shillings 20, kowanne na pence 12.

## Tarihi
Kudin fam *Sterling* ya zama daidaitaccen kudin yankin Cape of Good Hope a cikin 1825 biyo bayan oda-in-majalisar masarauta da aka bayar don manufar gabatar da tsabar kudi a duk yankunan Birtaniyya. tsabar kudi na Burtaniya sannan ya maye gurbin kudin Holland . Kafin haɗewar Afirka ta Kudu, hukumomi da yawa sun ba da tsabar kudi da takardun kuɗi daidai da Sterling.

Jamhuriyar Transvaal, Boer ya bayyana cewa a cikin 1902 zai zama Transvaal Colony, ya ba da bayanin kula daga 1867 zuwa 1902 da tsabar kudi daga 1892 zuwa 1902. An rubuta nau'o'in tsabar kuɗin zinariya a cikin Afrikaans, don haka karanta "tafda" maimakon "labaran".

A cikin 1920, Baitul mali ta ba da takardar shaidar zinare. A shekara mai zuwa, an kafa Bankin Reserve na Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin ikon ba da bayanin kula kawai. An fitar da tsabar kudi daga 1923. Fam na Afirka ta Kudu ya kasance daidai da Sterling a duk tsawon rayuwarsa, sai dai na ɗan lokaci kaɗan bayan watsi da ƙimar zinare a Burtaniya a cikin 1931. Lokacin da Burtaniya ta yi watsi da ma'aunin zinare a watan Satumba na 1931, Kanada ta bi sawu cikin sauri saboda ta kasance cikin matsi iri ɗaya da Burtaniya. Ƙaddamar da kuɗin da aka samu a Amurka ya haifar da ɗimbin ɗimbin zinare zuwa yammacin Tekun Atlantika, da kudu zuwa Amurka. Halin da ake ciki a Afirka ta Kudu ya sha bamban, domin fitar da gwal zuwa London babban kasuwanci ne. A cewar Jan Smuts a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa, 'yan kishin kasa sun so su nuna cewa ba za su bi ta Burtaniya kai tsaye ba, kuma sun fahimci cewa suna da karfin yin hakan. Ga Burtaniya da Kanada, ana kallon fitar da zinari a matsayin jirgin zinari, yayin da Afirka ta Kudu ana kallonta a matsayin kamfani mai riba. Tasirin ci gaba da bin ka'idojin zinare na Afirka ta Kudu bai kasance kamar yadda Hertzog ke fata ba. Fam na Afirka ta Kudu ya karu sosai da darajarsa idan aka kwatanta da Sterling, kuma wannan ya kusan gurgunta masana'antar fitar da gwal a Afirka ta Kudu cikin dare. A shekara ta 1933, Hertzog ya watsar da ma'auni na zinariya kuma fam na Afirka ta Kudu ya koma daidai da ma'auni. An samu saukin nan da nan

An maye gurbin fam ɗin Afirka ta Kudu a lokacin raguwa da Rand a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 1961 akan ƙimar R.&nbsp;2 = £SA&nbsp;1. Rand ya ci gaba da yin daidai da 2:1 da Sterling har zuwa faduwar darajar Sterling a 1967 lokacin da Afirka ta Kudu ba ta bi sahun gaba ba.

## Tsabar kudi

## tsabar kudin da jihar ta bayar

### Jamhuriyar Transvaal
A shekarar 1892, Jamhuriyar *Transvaal* ta gabatar da tsabar kudi a cikin ƙungiyoyi na 1d, 3d, 6d, 1/-, 2/-, 2/6, 5/-, £  /-) da £1. An fitar da na ƙarshe daga cikin waɗannan tsabar kudi a cikin 1900, ban da kewaye £1 tsabar kudi da aka bayar a 1902.

### Tarayyar Afirka ta Kudu

Ƙungiyar Afirka ta Kudu ta ba da tsabar kudi daga 1923, a cikin ƙungiyoyi na   1d, 3d da 6d, 1/-, 2/- (wanda aka fara la'akari da shi azaman florin ), 2/£6,  1. (Na £  da £1 tsabar zinare ne da aka sani da rabin sarki da sarauta bi da bi. ) Tsabar ta kasance ma'auni ɗaya da tsabar kuɗin da suka dace amma tsabar azurfa (3d har zuwa 2/6) an buga su a cikin .800 fineness azurfa. An buga tsabar zinare har zuwa 1932.

A cikin 1947, an ƙaddamar da tsabar kudi 5/- tare da bambance-bambancen tunawa na lokaci-lokaci. A cikin 1951, tsabar tsabar azurfa ta canza zuwa .500 fineness. Zinariya £ An fitar  £1 tsabar kudi daga 1952 a cikin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai  1 sarki.

Duk tsabar tsabar kudi suna da sarki a kan obverse, tare da lakabi a cikin Latin, yayin da baya yana da denomination da "Afirka ta Kudu" da aka rubuta a cikin Turanci da Afrikaans .

## Bayanan banki
Gwamnatin Cape Colony ta ba da sanarwar £ 1 a cikin 1835 da bayanin kula na £ 20 a 1834. Tsakanin 1869 da 1872, ZAR a cikin Transvaal ya ba da bayanin kula don 6d, 1/-, 2/6, 5/-, 10/-, £1, £5 da £10. Babban bankin kasa na ZAR ya fitar da fam 1 tsakanin 1892 zuwa 1893. A lokacin Yaƙin Boer na Biyu, an ba da bayanan gwamnati a cikin ƙungiyoyin £1, £5, £10, £20, £50 da £100.

A cikin 1920, an ba da bayanan takardar shedar zinariya ta Baitul mali a cikin ƙungiyoyin £1, £5, £100, £1,000 da £10,000, a cikin rubutun Afrikaans da Ingilishi. Daga 1921, Bankin Reserve na Afirka ta Kudu ya karɓi kuɗin takarda, yana gabatar da bayanin kula akan 10/-, £1, £5, £20 da £100. Fam 20 na bayanin kula an yi shi na ƙarshe a cikin 1933, tare da ƙara £ 10 bayanin kula a 1943.

Duk takardun banki na harsuna biyu ne cikin Ingilishi da Afrikaans. Daga 1948, an fitar da bambance-bambancen guda biyu na kowane bayanin kula, ɗaya da Ingilishi aka fara rubuta ɗayan ɗayan kuma an fara rubuta Afirkaans.

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin hadi na waje
* Decimal Coinage (1962): Newsreel of South Africa's conversion to the Rand, British Pathé via YouTube