Kristen Clarke

**Kristen M. Clarke** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1975)  lauya ce ta Amurka wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin babban lauya na Sashen Kare Hakkin Bil'adama a Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Amurka daga 2021 zuwa 2025. Clarke a baya ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kwamitin lauyoyi na 'Yancin Bil'adama a karkashin doka. Ta kuma gudanar da Ofishin 'Yancin Bil'adama na Ofishin Babban Lauyan Jihar New York a karkashin Eric Schneiderman . 

A cikin 2021, Shugaban da aka zaba Joe Biden ya zaɓi Clarke ya zama shugaban Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Amurka.  Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka ta tabbatar da zaben ta a ranar 25 ga Mayu, 2021, ta hanyar kuri'un 51 zuwa 48. Clarke ta yi tarihi a matsayin mace ta farko da aka tabbatar da jagorantar Sashen 'Yancin Bil'adama.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Iyayen Clarke sun yi hijira zuwa Brooklyn daga Jamaica. Ta ce ta "yi girma a cikin iyali wanda ke game da horo, aiki tuƙuru a makaranta da kuma yin amfani da kowane dama". Clarke ta kasance memba na Prep for Prep, ƙungiyar da ba ta da riba wacce ke neman tallafawa ɗaliban launi wajen samun damar ilimin makarantar masu zaman kansu.

Clarke ta halarci Choate Rosemary Hall, inda ita kadai ce yarinya da ta shiga ƙungiyar gwagwarmayar yara maza.

Ta sami digiri na farko na Arts daga Jami'ar Harvard, inda ta kasance shugabar kungiyar Black Students Association .  A shekara ta 1996, kashi 11 cikin 100 na juniors da tsofaffi a kwalejin baƙar fata ne, yayin da kashi 25 cikin 100 na junior da tsofaffi da ke zaune a gidajen Quad baƙar fata ce, a cewar rahoton da dalibai suka samar. 

Yayinda take jagorantar BSA a 1994 ta gayyaci Tony Martin don yin magana.

Clarke ta kammala karatu daga Harvard a shekarar 1997,  sannan ta sami Juris Doctor daga Columbia Law School a shekarar 2000. Bayan kammala karatunta ta yi aiki a matsayin lauya a Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Amurka. A wannan matsayin, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai gabatar da kara na tarayya kuma ta yi aiki kan haƙƙin jefa kuri'a, laifukan ƙiyayya, da shari'ar fataucin mutane.  

## Mataimakin Babban Lauyan Sashen 'Yancin Bil'adama na Ma'aikatar Shari'a

### Nomination
A ranar 7 ga watan Janairun 2021, zababben shugaban kasar Joe Biden ya zabi Clarke ya zama shugaban Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Amurka. Clarke ya ce a mayar da martani, "Idan na sami sa'a don a tabbatar da shi, za mu juya shafin kan ƙiyayya kuma mu rufe kofar nuna bambanci ta hanyar aiwatar da dokokin kare hakkin bil'adama na tarayya. "

Kungiyoyin tilasta bin doka sun goyi bayan zaben Clarke,  kungiyoyin Yahudawa kamar su Anti-Defamation League,  tsofaffin ma'aikatan Ma'aikatar Shari'a daga gwamnatocin Jamhuriyar Republican da Democrat,  jami'an Jamhuriya,  da yawa daga cikin abokan hulɗa na kamfanonin lauyoyi,  Janar masu ba da shawara na kamfanonin Fortune 500,  masu tsira daga aikata laifuka, [4] da sauransu. Ta kuma sami goyon baya daga mutane kamar su Michael Bloomberg,  Lilly Ledbetter  da Michael Chertoff.

Kwanaki hudu bayan haka, Tucker Carlson da Fox News sun bayyana wata wasika da Clarke ta rubuta wa The *Harvard Crimson* a matsayin dalibi mai karatun digiri yana mai cewa Baƙi suna da "mafi girman iyawar jiki da tunani" saboda matakan su na melanin. Clarke ta ce labarin ya kamata ya zama sanarwa mai ban dariya game da "yaƙi da ka'idar wariyar launin fata mara ma'ana tare da wata ka'idar mara ma'anar".  Wani binciken da *Newsweek* ya yi ya nakalto labarinta yana cewa "a mayar da martani ga waɗanda ke kare The Bell Curve, " duk da haka Binciken gaskiya ya kammala labarin bai bayyana cewa ba shi da tsanani.  Tsoffin shugabannin kungiyar daliban baƙar fata ta Harvard sun kare Clarke saboda la'akari da Ka'idar Melanin da ta cancanci bincike. Tsohon Jami'ar California Regent Ward Connerly ya ki amincewa da zaben Clarke a fili.

Har ila yau, kungiyar labarai ta Yahudawa ta lura da rawar da Clarke ta taka a matsayin jagora na kungiyar daliban baƙar fata ta Harvard a shekarar 1994 a gayyatar farfesa mai ba da shawara game da makircin Yahudawa Tony Martin a matsayin mai magana da baki a harabar. Clarke ya bayyana Martin a matsayin "wani mai basira, mai basira wanda ya kafa bayanansa na gaskiyar da ba za a iya musantawa ba".  A ranar 14 ga Janairu, 2021, Clarke ya nemi gafara don gayyatar Martin, yana cewa, "Ba da wani kamar shi dandamali, ba wani abu ba ne da zan sake yi ba". 

A lokacin da aka saurare ta, Babban Lauyan Merrick Garland ya bayyana cewa ƙwarewar Clarke da abubuwan da ta samu za su taimaka wa Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta yaki da nuna bambanci "a fannoni daga gidaje zuwa ilimi zuwa aiki" da kuma "ta tabbatar da lissafi don rashin halayyar tilasta bin doka".  A lokacin da ta saurare a gaban Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dattijai, Sanatoci Ted Cruz da John Cornyn sun soki Clarke saboda rubuce-rubucen da ake zargi da ita don tallafawa "Ka kare 'yan sanda".  Clarke ta amsa ta hanyar bayyana cewa tana da kudi ga ayyukan zamantakewa.

An dakatar da zaben Clarke a Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dattijai ta hanyar kuri'un 11-11 bayan kowane Sanata na GOP a kwamitin ya kada kuri'a a kan zaben ta. A ranar 18 ga Mayu, 2021, Majalisar Dattijai ta kada kuri'a 50-48 don fitar da zabarta daga kwamitin. An tabbatar da ita a ranar 25 ga Mayu, 2021, ta hanyar kuri'un 51-48.

### Matsayi
A ranar 25 ga Yuni, 2021, an ruwaito cewa Clarke za ta shiga Vanita Gupta wajen kai karar Jihar Georgia kan Dokar Aminci ta Zabe ta 2021 wacce jihar ta zartar da doka.

A cikin 2024, an ruwaito cewa Clarke ta kasance wanda aka azabtar  kuma ya tsira  na tashin hankali na cikin gida na shekaru. Clarke ya bayyana cewa wannan lokacin "ya kasance lokacin tsoro da damuwa ". Lokacin tashin hankali na cikin gida ya haɗa da hukuncin aikata laifuka wanda aka share.   'Yan jam'iyyar Republican na Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dattijai sun nemi Babban Lauyan Merrick Garland ya cire ta daga ofis.

## Kyaututtuka da girmamawa

* 2010 Columbia Law School Paul Robeson Distinguished Alumni Award 
* 2010 Ƙungiyar Dalibai ta Black Law Alumni na Shekara 
* 2011 Ƙungiyar Bar ta Kasa Top 40 A ƙarƙashin 40 
* 2012 Ƙungiyar Lauyoyi ta Kasa Janar Kyautar Mafi Kyawun Takaitaccen Kyauta 
* 2015 New York Law Journal Rising Stars 
* 2017 Kyautar Alumni ta Choate Rosemary Hall 
* 2017 Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Quinnipiac Thurgood Marshall Award 
* 2018 Louis L. Redding Lifetime Achievement Award 
* 2019 Tushen Amurkawa mafi tasiri 

## Manazarta