Yanayin Yemen

Yemen tana cikin Yammacin Asiya, a kudancin , tsakanin Oman da Saudi Arabia. Tana a ƙofar Bab-el-Mandeb Strait, wanda ke haɗa Bahar Maliya zuwa Tekun Indiya (ta hanyar Tekun Aden) kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin sufuri masu aiki da dabarun a duniya. Yemen tana da yanki na  kilomita 455,503 (175,871 sq , gami da tsibirin Perim a kudancin ƙarshen Bahar Maliya da Socotra a ƙofar Tekun Aden .  *Yankin ƙasar Yemen* ya kai kilomita 1,746 (1,085 . Yemen tana da iyaka da Saudi Arabia zuwa arewa (  mi) da Oman zuwa arewa maso gabas (  mi).  Ta hanyar tsibirin Socotra, Yemen kuma tana da iyaka tare da Guardafui Channel da Tekun Somaliya.

## Yanayin ƙasa

Yemen ta mamaye kudancin ƙarshen Arabian Plate . 

Cikin kasar mai cike da tsaunuka yana kewaye da ƴan filaye na bakin teku zuwa yamma, kudu da gabas da kuma hamada mai tudu zuwa arewa tare da iyaka da Saudiyya.  Tihamah tsayin kusan kilomita 419 (260 mi) ne, filin bakin hamada da ke tafiya tare da Bahar Maliya kuma wani yanki ne na hazo na gabar tekun Larabawa.  Yankunan tsaunuka suna da yawa tare da wadis, ko kwaruruka, waɗanda suke bushewa a cikin watanni na hunturu (Yemen ba ta da koguna na dindindin.) Mafi shahara shi ne Wadi Hadramaut da ke gabashin Yaman, ɓangaren sama yana ɗauke da ƙasa mara kyau da ruwan ambaliya da ƙasan ƙasa bakarare kuma galibi ba mazauna.  Duk yankin tudu na gabas da hamadar arewa suna da zafi da bushewa da ciyayi kaɗan.

A arewa maso gabas babu kowa yashi ya haskaka yankin, kasancewar yashi mafi girma a duniya.  Yana samun ɗan ƙaramin ruwan sama na dogon lokaci.  Ƙananan ciyayi suna girma a nan kuma.  Tsawon tsaunuka na tsakiya ya fi bushewa fiye da tsaunukan yamma saboda tasirin inuwar ruwan sama, amma har yanzu suna samun isasshen ruwan sama a cikin shekaru da yawa don amfanin gona mai yawa.  Bambancin zafin sa na yau da kullun yana cikin mafi girma a duniya: jeri daga 30 °C (86 °F) a rana zuwa 0 °C (32 °F) da dare al’ada ce.  Adana ruwa yana ba da damar ban ruwa da noman alkama da sha'ir yayin da tsaunukan yamma suka shahara da dawa, kofi, da wasu 'ya'yan itatuwa masu zafi kamar ayaba da mangwaro.

## Hawan sama
Yemen ƙasa ce mai ci gaba da tsawo, tare da filayen bakin teku ne kawai wuraren da suka fi ƙasƙanci. Dutsen da ke da tsaunuka sun rufe mafi yawan Yemen, kuma matsakaicin tsawo a cikin ƙasar kusan mita 2,000 ne (6,600 . Duwatsun cikin gida suna da tsaunuka daga 'yan daruruwan mita zuwa mafi girma a cikin ƙasar da kuma Yankin Larabawa, Jabal An-Nabi Shu'ayb, wanda ke da    sama da matakin teku, a cikin Harazi subbrange na Sarawat .  Yankin tsawo ya kasance daga matakin teku zuwa mita 3,666 (12,028 , kuma daga cikin ƙasashe a duniyar Larabawa, shine wanda ke da matsayi na biyu mafi girma, bayan mita 4,167 (13,671  na Maroko mai tsawo Jbel Toubkal. 'Yan Yemen sun yi amfani da tsawo na ƙasarsu don kasancewa a ware na dubban shekaru tare da cinikin kasashen waje da aka gudanar ne kawai lokacin da' yan Yemen ke so su je yankunan bakin teku. Duwatsun matasa ne, tsaunuka masu tsawo waɗanda aka sani suna tashi daga tsawo na 'yan daruruwan mita zuwa sama da  m (9,800 . Ana iya raba duwatsun zuwa tsaunuka na yamma da na tsakiya. Yankin tsaunuka na yamma suna da tsaunuka da suka kai kimanin mita 3,000 (1.9 miles), tare da ƙasa mai kyau da isasshen ruwan sama mai yawa. Tsakiyar tsaunuka sun fi kama da tudu na kimanin mita 2,000-3,200 (1.2-2.0 mil), tare da tuddai masu juyawa, ƙananan tuddai, da wasu manyan tsaunuka, amma har yanzu sun fi tsayi. Ana iya ganin karancin ruwan sama a wannan yankin, amma watanni na rani suna ba da isasshen don ci gaba da amfanin gona.

## Yanayi
Yanayin zafi ya yi ƙasa a mafi yawan ƙasar Yemen fiye da na ƙasashen Larabawa saboda yawancin ƙasar na da tsayi.  Ruwan sama ya fi girma a tuddai masu tsayi.  Tsaunukan tsaunuka suna jin daɗin yanayin zafi, damina tare da matsakaita zafin jiki na 21 °C (69.8 °F) da sanyi, bushewar hunturu mai matsakaici tare da yanayin zafi lokaci-lokaci yana raguwa ƙasa da 0 °C (32.0 °F).  Yanayin Tihamah (yankin bakin teku na yamma) yana da zafi;  yanayin zafi lokaci-lokaci ya wuce 54 °C (129.2 °F), kuma zafi yana kama daga kashi 50 zuwa 70.  Ruwan sama, wanda ke zuwa cikin magudanan ruwa marasa ƙarfi, matsakaicin milimita 130 (5.12 in) kowace shekara.  A Aden matsakaicin zafin jiki shine 25 °C (77.0 °F) a watan Janairu da 32 °C (89.6 °F) a watan Yuni, amma tare da yawan zafi ya wuce 37 °C (98.6 °F).  Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine milimita 127 (inci 5).  Mafi girman wuraren tsaunuka na kudancin Yemen suna samun ruwan sama daga 520 zuwa 760 millimeters (20.5 zuwa 29.9 in) na ruwan sama a shekara.  Wasu yankuna na tsaunukan yamma, musamman Ibb da Ta'izz, suna samun ruwan sama daga kimanin milimita 1,000-1,500 (39.4-59.1 in) na ruwan sama kowace shekara.  Babban birnin kasar, Sana'a, na samun kusan milimita 300 (11.8 a) a shekara, ba sabon abu ba ne ga sassan arewaci da gabashin kasar ba su sami ruwan sama tsawon shekaru biyar ko fiye da haka ba.  Wadi Hadramaut da ke gabashin kasar Yemen yana da bushewa kuma zafi, kuma yanayin zafi ya kai kashi 35 cikin dari a watan Yuni zuwa kashi 64 cikin dari a watan Janairu.  Yemen ita ce kasa mafi albarka a cikin yankin Larabawa.Kodayake Yemen ba ta ba da gudummawa kadan ga haifar da Canjin yanayi,  tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe masu saukin kamuwa da canjin sauyin yanayi a duniya kuma daga cikin waɗanda ba su da shiri don magance tasirin ta.  Kusan rabin yawan jama'a suna fuskantar akalla babbar barazanar yanayi guda daya. Tasirin canjin yanayi a Yemen sun hada da karuwar yanayin zafi, fari, hamada, barkewar cututtuka da hauhawar matakin teku. Abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi kamar guguwa, ambaliyar ruwa da rushewar ƙasa suna ƙaruwa a Yemen sakamakon canjin yanayi. Wadannan tasirin sun riga sun kara tsananta matsalolin karancin ruwa na kasar, sun rage yawan aikin gona da kifi kuma sun shafi tsaron abinci da lafiyar Yemenites.

Yemen na ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe uku kawai waɗanda ba su shiga Yarjejeniyar Paris ba kuma ba su gabatar da wani gudummawa na Ƙasa ba, kodayake sun gabatar da NDC da aka nufa a cikin 2015. Don taimakawa kasar ta saba da canjin yanayi, Bankin Duniya ya ba da shawarar saka hannun jari a cikin dabarun kula da haɗarin bala'i, makamashi mai sabuntawa, kula da ruwa, kiyaye ƙasa da Aikin noma mai basira. Koyaya, Yemen tana fuskantar ƙalubale wajen samun damar samun Kudin yanayi saboda ƙarancin ikon ma'aikata da rashin daidaitawa na masu ruwa da tsaki.

## Yankin bakin teku da ikirarin teku
Yemen has  of coastline along the Arabian Sea, the Gulf of Aden, and the Red Sea. Yemen claims a territorial sea of , a contiguous zone of , an Exclusive Economic Zone of  based on . It has a continental shelf of  or to the edge of the continental margin.

## Albarkatun halitta
Babban albarkatun kasa na Yemen shine mai da iskar gas da kuma ƙasa mai samar da noma a yamma. Sauran albarkatun halitta sun haɗa da kifi da abincin teku, gishiri na dutse, marmara, da manyan wuraren ajiya da ba a gano su ba na kwal, zinariya, gubar, nickel, da jan ƙarfe.

Kashi 2.91 ne kawai na Yemen ake la'akari da shi a matsayin ƙasa mai noma, kuma kasa da kashi 0.6 cikin dari na ƙasar an dasa shi da amfanin gona na dindindin. Kimanin  kilomita 6,801 (2,626 sq  na ƙasar ana ban ruwa. A cewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Yemen tana da  kilomita 19,550 (7,550 sq  na gandun daji da sauran ƙasar da ke da itace, wanda ya zama kusan kashi 4 cikin dari na jimlar ƙasar.

## Abubuwan muhalli

Yemen tana fuskantar guguwar yashi da guguwar ƙura, wanda ke haifar da rushewar ƙasa da lalacewar amfanin gona. Kasar tana da iyakantaccen ruwa mai laushi kuma saboda haka rashin isasshen ruwan sha. Yaduwar hamada (rugujewar ƙasa da ta haifar da busasshiyar ƙasa) da kuma yawan kiwo ma matsaloli ne. Yana da jam'iyya ga Biodiversity na kasa da kasa, Canjin Yanayi, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Dokar Tekun, da Ozone Layer Protection yarjejeniyoyi.

## Yankin da ake jayayya da shi
An warware rikici mai tsawo tsakanin Saudi Arabia da Yemen a watan Yunin 2000 tare da sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Jeddah . Wannan yarjejeniyar tana ba da daidaitattun amfani don tsara iyakar ƙasa da na teku, gami da ɓangaren da ke gabashin hamada na Yemen wanda zai iya ƙunsar mai yawa. Rikicin tsakanin kasashen biyu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan game da tsaron iyakoki ya bayyana an sauƙaƙe shi ta hanyar kafa masu sintiri na kan iyaka. Bayan shekaru na rikici tsakanin Yemen da Eritrea game da mallakar Tsibirin Hanish da haƙƙin kamun kifi a cikin Bahar Maliya, a cikin 1999 kwamitin sulhu na kasa da kasa ya ba da ikon mallakar tsibiran ga Yemen. Dangantaka tsakanin kasashen biyu sun kasance masu wahala, duk da haka, kuma Yemen ta ci gaba da nuna rashin amincewa da kamun kifi na Eritrea a yankin da ake jayayya.

* Duwatsu a yankin Larabawa
** Duwatsun Hadhramaut
** Jerin tsaunuka masu fitattun wuta a Yemen