Abul Kalam Qasmi

**Abul Kalam Qasmi** (20 Disamba 1950 - 8 Yuli 2021) masanin Indiya ne, mai sukar adabi, kuma mawaki ne na harshen Urdu wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Dean na Faculty of Arts a Jami'ar Aligarh Muslim . Ya kasance editan *Tehzeeb-ul-Akhlaq* kuma ya rubuta littattafai kamar The Criticism of Poetry . Ya fassara E. M. Forster's Aspects of the Novel zuwa Urdu a matsayin Novel ka Fun . An ba shi lambar yabo ta Sahitya Akademi a shekara ta 2009, da kuma lambar yabo ta Ghalib a shekara ta 2013. 

Qasmi tsohuwar jami'ar Darul Uloom Deoband, Jamia Millia Islamia da Jami'ar Musulmi ta Aligarh . Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban farfesa na sashen Urdu na Jami'ar Musulmi ta Aligarh tsakanin shekarata 1996 da 1999. An dauke shi babban ginshiƙi na sukar Urdu.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Abul Kalam Qasmi a ranar 20 ga Disamba 1950 a Darbhanga, Bihar .  Ya sami ilimin firamare a Madrasa Qāsim al-Ulūm Hussainiya, kuma ya kammala karatu a dars-e-nizami daga Darul Uloom Deoband a shekarar 1967.  Ya yi karatunsa na tsakiya a Jamia Millia Islamia kuMA ya sami BA da MA daga Jami'ar Musulmi ta Aligarh (AMU) a 1973 da 1975 bi da bi. Malamansa sun hada da Anzar Shah Kashmiri . 

Qasmi ya zama malami a AMU a 1976 kuma an nada shi Mai karatu a 1984, a wannan shekarar da ya sami digiri na PhD.  Ya tattara littattafai guda biyu don sashen Urdu na jami'ar a shekarar 1980.  A shekara ta 1993, an nada shi farfesa a fannin adabi. Ya shirya *Mujallar Aligarh* a cikin 1975 da 1976 kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin babban editan mujallar *Alfāz, Aligarh* daga 1976 zuwa 1980. Tsakanin 1983 da 1985, ya kasance babban editan *Inkār, Aligarh* . A shekara ta 1996, ya zama editan *Tehzeeb-ul-Akhlaq* .  Ya kasance memba na majalisar zartarwa ta Majalisar Kasa don Inganta Harshen Urdu daga 1998 zuwa 2003.  Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban farfesa na sashen Urdu na AMU daga 16 ga Yuni 1996 zuwa 15 ga Yuni 1999.  Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin dean na Faculty of Arts na AMU. Mujawir Husain Rizvi, wanda ya kasance farfesa a fannin adabin Urdu a Jami'ar Allahabad, zai kira shi "Uba na Pen" (Abul Qalam), saboda gudummawar da ya bayar a rubuce.

An dauki Qasmi a matsayin babban ginshiƙi na sukar Urdu daga Gopi Chand Narang da Shamsur Rahman Faruqi .  Ya sami lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Urdu ta Bihar a shekarar 1980, da kuma lambar yabo ta Uttar Pradesh Urdu a shekarar 1987 da 1993.  An ba shi lambar yabo ta Sahitya Akademi a shekara ta 2009 don littafinsa *Mu'āsir Tanqádí Rawayye* .  Ya sami lambar yabo ta Ghalib a shekarar 2013.  Ya mutu a ranar 8 ga Yulin 2021 a Aligarh .  Tariq Mansoor ya nuna baƙin ciki kuma ya kira mutuwarsa babbar asara ga ƙungiyar adabi ta Indiya.

## Ayyukan wallafe-wallafen
Qāsmi ya fassara E. M. Forster's Aspects of the Novel zuwa Urdu a matsayin Novel ka Fun . Ya wallafa littattafai kamar Kas̲rat-i Taʻbīr, *Mashriqi She'riyāt aur Urdu Tanqīd ki Riwāyat*, *Mu'āsir Tanqīdī Rawayye*, *Shā'iri ki Tanqīd* (The Criticism of Poetry) da *Takhlīqi Tajruba* .  A shekara ta 2010 Qāsmi yana da labaran bincike 125 da ya cancanta. Ayyukansa da ya tattara sun haɗa da: 

* *Azādī ke baʻd Urdū Tanz-o-Mizāḥ*
* *Mashriq kī Bāzyāft: Muḥammad Ḥasan ʻAskarī ke ḥavāle se* (*Maido da Gabas, tare da ambaton Muhammad Hasan Askari*) 
* *Rashīd Aḥmad Ṣiddīqī, Shak̲h̲ṣīyat aur Adabī Qadr-o- Qīmat* (*Rasheed Ahmad Siddiqui, Rayuwa da Muhimmancin Littattafansa*) 
* *Mirzā G̲h̲ālib: Shak̲h̲ṣiyat aur Shāʻirī* (*Mirza Ghalib: Mutum da Waƙoƙi*) 

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## Ƙarin karantawa

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