Gideon Ofrat

**Gideon Ofrat** ( Ibrananci : גדעון עפרת; an haife shi a cikin 1945) babban masanin tarihin fasahar Isra'ila ne, masanin fasaha kuma mai aikin fasaha, wanda ya ƙware a fasahar Isra'ila . Ya tsara nune-nunen da yawa a gidajen tarihi da kuma gidajen tarihi kuma ya rubuta ƙasidu, ƙasida, da littattafai masu yawa a fagen fasahar Isra'ila, ƙa'idar kyan gani, da falsafar gabaɗaya.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Ofrat a Tel Aviv a cikin shekarar 1945 da sunan Gideon Fridlander.  Ya sami digirinsa na farko a cikin shekara ta 1968 daga Jami'ar Tel Aviv, da digirinsa na biyu a 1970 daga Jami'ar Tel Aviv (ciki har da shekara guda a Jami'ar Brown a Providence, Rhode Island). A shekarar 1974 ya kammala digiri na uku a Jami'ar Hebrew ta Kudus .  Batun karatun digirin shine "Ma'anar Art (a cikin Ibrananci: הגדרת האמנות"  kuma daga baya aka buga shi a matsayin littafi da sunan iri ɗaya, ta HaKibbutz Hameuchad. 

Tsakanin shekarar 1970 zuwa 1981 ya koyar da wasan kwaikwayo na zamani a Sashen wasan kwaikwayo a Jami'ar Hebrew ta Kudus, kuma daga shekara ta 1972 zuwa 1995 ya kasance babban malamin falsafa a Kwalejin Fasaha da Zane ta Bezalel a Urushalima. Ya kuma kasance bako malami kan fasahar Isra'ila a cibiyoyi daban-daban a Isra'ila, Amurka da Kanada.  

A cikin shekara ta 1976 da 1979, ya ƙaddamar da bukukuwan wasan kwaikwayo na farko a Isra'ila: "Nunin 76" da "Bayyana 79", a Gidan Mawaƙa a Tel Aviv, har ma ya tsara kalmar Ibrananci don fasahar wasan kwaikwayo (Meitzag) da kuma fasahar shigarwa (Meitzav).  A cikin shekarar 1980–1981 ya gabatar da nune-nunen nune-nunen majagaba guda tara waɗanda suka mayar da hankali kan batun haɓakar zamani a fasahar Isra'ila, a Gidan Mawaƙa a Urushalima . Daga shekara ta 1980 zuwa 1996, ya shirya nune-nunen tarihi sama da 20 kan batun fasahar Isra'ila a gidajen tarihi da wuraren fasaha a Isra'ila da Amurka. 

A cikin shekara ta 1990, ya ƙaddamar da wani nuni a ƙarƙashin sunan "Portrait of the Leader in Israel Art" ga Eretz Isra'ila Museum, wanda za a nuna a Gidan Independence (tsohon Hall Independence), wani gidan kayan gargajiya dake cikin Dizengoff House a kan Rothschild Boulevard a Tel Aviv. Sai dai jim kadan kafin buɗe baje kolin, an yanke shawarar cewa baje kolin, wanda ya gabatar da shugabanni a cikin wani yanayi mara dadi, bai dace da nuni a wurin ba. A ƙarshe, an gabatar da baje kolin a cibiyar fasaha ta Ein Harod .  Daga shekara ta 1993 zuwa 1995, Ofrat ya keɓe rumfar Isra'ila a Venice Biennale, inda ya gabatar, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, aikin musamman na greenhouse na Avital Geva.  

A cikin shekara ta 1993-1994 ya kasance malami mai koyar da fasaha a Jami'ar Haifa, kuma daga shekara ta 1998 zuwa 2000 ya kasance malami na falsafa da fasaha a Kwalejin Al'adun Ibrananci na Alma da kuma bude Jami'ar Tel Aviv. Daga 2001 zuwa 2000 ya kasance malami a fannin falsafa da sinima a gidan sinima na Jerusalem kuma malami ne mai ziyara a jami'ar Yeshiva da ke New York. Daga 2002 zuwa 2005, ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha da kuma babban mai kula da "Lokaci don Art", wani wurin nuni a Tel Aviv. Shi ne mai kulawa (tare da Galia Bar-Or) na nunin "Hegemony and Multiplicity - The 1950s in Israel Art" a gidan kayan gargajiya na Ein Harod.  Babban mahimmanci a cikin ayyukansa na fasaha yana kan fasahar gida. A matsayin mai kula da tarihi, yana aiki tare da cikakken haɗin gwiwa tare da filin fasaha - tare da masu fasaha da kansu, tare da tarihin iyali da kuma gidajen tarihi a cikin yankin Isra'ila. 

Ofrat ta auri mai daukar hoto Aliza Auerbach har zuwa rasuwarta a shekarar 2015. A halin yanzu yana zaune a Urushalima. 

## Labarai
Ofrat ya wallafa littattafai da yawa da ɗaruruwan ƙasidu da kasida a cikin Isra'ila da bayansa. Ya rubuta kasidu sama da 100 don masu fasahar Isra'ila daban-daban da nune-nunen rukuni, galibi suna mai da hankali kan ƙungiyoyi da masu fasaha da aka manta. Bincikensa da rubuce-rubucensa sun ba da gudummawa sosai ga ɗakunan littattafai na Isra'ila.  Daga cikin littattafan da ya buga akwai *Labarin Art na Isra'ila* (a cikin Ibrananci: סיפורה של אמנות ישראל. tare da Dorit Levita), Masada Bugawa, 1980; *Bezalel - Shekaru 100*, littattafai guda uku (a cikin Ibrananci: ספר בצלאל 100, wanda aka haɗa tare da David Tartakover) Mifal Hapayis Publishing, Bezalel, 2006; *Ƙananan fasaha - fasahar Isra'ila a farkon karni na 21* (a cikin Ibrananci: אמנות מינורית - אמנות ישראלית בשחר שנות האלפיים), Omanut Isra'ila bugawa, 2010; *Derrida Yahudawa*, Jami'ar Syracuse Press, 1998; da *100 Years of Art a Isra'ila*, Westview Press, 1998.

## Kyauta
Ofrat shine wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Curator na shekara ta 2009 a madadin Ma'aikatar Al'adu ta Isra'ila . A cikin shekara ta 2013, an ba shi lambar yabo ta Yakir Bezalel. A cikin 2015, ya sami lambar yabo ta Rayuwa don bincike kan tarihin Isra'ila da zamanta a madadin Yad Ben-Zvi  .

## Manazarta