Margaret ta Anjou

**Margaret ta Anjou** ( French:   ; 23 Maris 1430 - 25 Agusta 1482) Sarauniyar Ingila ce ta aure Sarki Henry na VI daga 1445 zuwa 1461 sannan kuma daga 1470 zuwa 1471. Ta hanyar aure, ta kuma zama Sarauniyar Faransa daga 1445 zuwa 1453. An haife ta a Duchy na Lorraine a Gidan Valois-Anjou, Margaret ita ce 'ya ta biyu ta fari ga René na Anjou, Sarkin Naples, da Isabella, Duchess na Lorraine .

Margaret tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan mutane a cikin jerin yaƙe-yaƙen basasar daular da aka sani da Yaƙin Fure kuma a wasu lokutan da kanta ta jagoranci ƙungiyar Lancastrian . Wasu daga cikin mutanen zamaninta, kamar Duke na Suffolk, sun yaba da "jarumtarta da ruhinta mara yankewa", kuma masanin tarihi na ƙarni na 16 Edward Hall ya bayyana halayenta da waɗannan kalmomin: "Wannan mace ta fi kowa kyau, da kyau da tagomashi, kamar a cikin hikima da manufofi, kuma ta kasance mai ciki da jarumtaka, ta fi kama da namiji, fiye da mace." 

Saboda yawan hauka da mijinta ke yi, Margaret ta mulki masarautar a madadinsa. Ita ce ta yi kira da a kafa Babban Majalisa a watan Mayu na 1455 wadda ta cire ƙungiyar Yorkist ƙarƙashin jagorancin Richard na York, Duke na 3 na York . Wannan ya haifar da rikicin basasa wanda ya ɗauki fiye da shekaru 30, ya lalata tsoffin sarakunan Ingila, ya kuma yi sanadiyyar mutuwar dubban maza, ciki har da ɗanta tilo, Edward na Westminster, Yariman Wales, a Yaƙin Tewkesbury a 1471.

'Yan Yorkist da suka yi nasara sun kama Margaret a fursuna bayan shan kaye a Tewkesbury . A shekara ta 1475, ɗan uwanta, Sarki Louis na XI na Faransa, ya fanshe ta. Ta tafi ta zauna a Faransa a matsayin 'yar'uwa mara kyau ta sarkin Faransa, kuma ta mutu a can tana da shekaru 52.

## Rayuwar Farko da Aure

### Yaro
An haifi Margaret a ranar 23 ga Maris  a Pont-à-Mousson da ke Lorraine, wani yanki na Daular Romawa Mai Tsarki a gabashin Faransa wanda reshen kadet na sarakunan Faransa ke mulki, Gidan Valois-Anjou . Margaret ita ce 'ya ta biyu ga René na Anjou da Isabella, Duchess na Lorraine . Tana da 'yan'uwa maza biyar da 'yan'uwa mata huɗu, da kuma 'yan'uwa mata uku daga dangantakar mahaifinta da mata. Mahaifinta, wanda aka fi sani da "Kyakkyawan Sarki René" (Bon Roi René), shi ne Duke na Anjou kuma sarkin Naples, Sicily, da Urushalima ; an siffanta shi da "mutum mai rawani da yawa amma babu masarautu". An yi wa Margaret baftisma a Toul da ke Lorraine kuma, a ƙarƙashin kulawar tsohuwar ma'aikaciyar jinya ta mahaifinta Theophanie la Magine, ta yi shekarunta na farko a gidan sarauta da ke Tarascon a kan kogin Rhône a Provence da kuma a tsohon gidan sarauta da ke Capua, kusa da Naples a Masarautar Sicily . Mahaifiyarta ce ta kula da karatunta kuma wataƙila ta shirya mata darussa tare da wani masani mai suna Antoine de la Sale, wanda ya koyar da 'yan'uwanta maza. A lokacin ƙuruciya, an san Margaret da *la petite creature* (ƙaramin halitta)  kuma tana sha'awar soyayyar Faransa da farauta. 

Iyalinta sun haɗa da fitattun mata da dama waɗanda suka yi iko a siyasa, yaƙi, da kuma shugabanci a matsayin masu mulki da kuma laftanar-sarauniya. Mahaifiyarta, Isabella ta Lorraine, ta yi yaƙe-yaƙe a madadin mijinta yayin da aka tsare shi a 1431–1432 da 1434–1436 ta hannun duke na Burgundy, Philip the Good, kuma ta yi mulkin Duchy na Lorraine da ikonta. Kakarta ta uba, Yolande ta Aragon, ta yi mulkin Duchy na Anjou a matsayin mai mulki ga ɗanta yayin da Margaret ke ƙarama, tana mai ƙin kasancewar sojojin Ingila tare da goyon bayan Charles VII na Faransa (Dauphin) wanda aka ƙi gado.   An yi nuni da cewa wannan misalin iyali ya ba ta misalai na ayyukanta na baya a matsayin mai mulki ga ɗanta.   Ra'ayoyi game da amfani da iko ga mata sun bambanta a Yammacin Turai fiye da Ingila a lokacin, inda Ingila ta fi adawa da mata wajen yin iko. 

### Aure, rangwamen Maine, da kuma mulkin da ya biyo baya
Margaret ta haɗu da wakilan Ingila a Tours a ranar 4 ga Mayu 1444 don tattauna aurenta da Henry na VI na Ingila.  A ranar 24 ga Mayu, an yi mata auren Henry a hukumance ta hanyar wakili. Kawunta, Charles na VII na Faransa, wanda wataƙila ya ba da shawarar auren a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙoƙarin zaman lafiya tsakanin Faransa da Ingila kusa da ƙarshen Yaƙin Shekaru Ɗari, yana wurin.   William de la Pole, Duke na Suffolk ne ya yi sulhun auren, kuma yarjejeniyar ta haɗa da ƙaramin sadaki na francs 20,000 da kuma da'awar da ba a cika ba, ta hanyar mahaifiyar Margaret, zuwa yankunan Mallorca da Menorca, waɗanda Masarautar Aragon ta mamaye tsawon ƙarni.  Yarjejeniyar auren kuma ta ƙunshi alƙawarin yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta ta watanni ashirin da uku da Faransa.   An gauraya ra'ayoyi game da hikimar auren,  amma fahimtar da aka samu ita ce tana wakiltar ƙoƙari na gaske don zaman lafiya. 

Gwamnati ta karɓi rancen ne domin biyan kuɗin jigilar Margaret zuwa Ingila. Neman rancen ya jaddada rawar da auren, da Margaret kanta, za su taka wajen neman zaman lafiya da Faransa. Wannan batu ne da ya ci gaba a duk lokacin shirye-shiryen aurenta. Ta isa Ingila a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1445. 

A ranar 23 ga Afrilu, 1445, Margaret ta auri Sarki Henry na VI na Ingila a Titchfield Abbey da ke Hampshire . Tana da shekaru 15 kuma tana da shekaru 23. Daga nan ta tafi Landan tare da rakiyar sarakuna da fadawa daban-daban, [1] ta isa a ranar 28 ga Mayu, 1445, inda magajin gari da dattawan birnin suka tarbe ta. An yi hasashen cewa yawan masu zuwa da jerin gwanon ya yi yawa har a ranar 8 ga Mayu, an yi odar duba rufin da baranda saboda tsammanin masu kallo za su yi amfani da su a matsayin wuraren da za ta ci gaba. [2]

Ci gabanta na bikin ya ɗauki kwana biyu, daren da ta shafe a Hasumiyar Landan, bisa ga al'ada. An yi bikin tare da gasar wasan kwaikwayo guda takwas. Biyar daga cikin waɗannan gasar sun shafi zaman lafiya da Faransa, suna sanya Margaret a matsayin alama, ko wakilin zaman lafiya. Uku sun yi magana game da rawar da take takawa ta ruhaniya a matsayin mai fansa da mai roƙo.  Babu tabbas ko waɗannan gasar sun wakilci wani yunƙurin farfaganda daga ɓangaren Crown  ko kuma suna nuna ra'ayin jama'a. 

## Manazarta