Martha Karua

**Martha** Wangari Karua (an haife ta a ranar 22 ga watan Satumba 1957) 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Kenya. Ta kasance tsohuwar 'yar majalisa mai wakiltar mazaɓar Gichugu kuma mai kare babbar kotun Kenya. Ta kasance Ministar Shari'a har sai da ta yi murabus daga wannan muƙamin a watan Afrilun 2009. Ta ci gaba da fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata da inganta tsarin Dimokuraɗiyya. 

Karua ta tsaya takarar shugabar ƙasa a shekarar 2013 a ƙarƙashin tikitin Narc-Kenya wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama mace ta uku da ta tsaya takarar mafi girma, bayan Charity Ngilu da Wangari Maathai a zaɓen shekara ta 1997. Ta fito ta shida a zaɓen. An zaɓe ta don tsayawa takarar mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa bayan an zaɓe ta a matsayin mataimakiyar ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa Raila Odinga a babban zaɓen Kenya na shekarar 2022. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Martha Karua, 'yar Jackson Karua da matarsa Josephine Wanjiru, a ranar 22 ga watan Satumba, 1957 a babban gundumar Embu (daga baya gundumar Kirinyaga) a lardin tsakiya na Kenya. An haife ta a ƙauyen Kimunye a mazabar Gichugu,  ita ce 'ya ta biyu a cikin iyali mai 'ya'ya takwas, 'ya'ya mata huɗu da maza huɗu.  

Ta halarci makarantar firamare ta Mugumo, Makarantar 'Yan Mata ta Kabare, Makarantar kwana ta St Michael's Keroguya. Daga baya ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Kiburia, Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Ngiriambu, da Makarantar Sakandare ta Karoti Girls inda ta yi nasarar kammala karatunta na Makarantar Gabashin Afirka a Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Karoti da ke Gundumar Kirinyaga. Daga nan ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Nairobi a matakin A.  Ta yi karatun lauya a Jami'ar Nairobi daga shekarun 1977 zuwa 1980. Tsakanin shekarun 1980 da 1981 an yi mata rajista a Makarantar Shari'a ta Kenya don kwas ɗin shari'a na digiri na biyu wanda ya zama sharaɗin shiga cikin jerin masu fafutukar kare hakkin mata na Kenya da kuma lasisin yin aikin lauya a Kenya. 

## Aikin shari'a
Bayan kammala karatunta, daga shekarun 1981 zuwa 1987, Karua ta yi aiki a matsayin alkaliya a kotuna daban-daban, ciki har da na Makadara, Nakuru da Kibera, inda ta sami yabo saboda fahimtar da ta yi.  A shekarar 1987, ta tafi ta kafa kamfanin lauyoyinta, **Martha Karua & Co. Advocates**, wanda ta yi aiki har zuwa shekara ta 2002. Shari'o'in sun haɗa da shari'ar cin amanar ƙasa ta Koigi Wamwere da kuma ta ɗan majalisar Kenya Mirugi Kariuki.   Da yake fuskantar barazanar sanya shi cikin jerin sunayen 'yan siyasa, gwamnatin Moi ta kare wasu masu fafutukar kare hakkin ɗan adam.  Ayyukanta sun taimaka wajen kiyaye dokokin iyali, musamman ma game da kadarorin aure. 

Karua ta kuma wakilci 'yan adawa a wasu ƙasashen Afirka, ciki har da Kizza Besigye a Uganda, da Tundu Lissu a Tanzania. A ranar 18 ga watan Mayu 2025, an kama Karua aka kuma kore ta daga ƙasar bayan ta isa filin jirgin saman Julius Nyerere da ke Dar es Salaam don wakiltar Tundu Lissu a kotu. 

## Aikin siyasa

### 1990–2002
Karua memba ce ta ƙungiyoyin siyasa na adawa waɗanda suka yi nasarar tayar da zaune tsaye don sake gabatar da dimokuraɗiyya mai jam'iyyu da yawa a Kenya a farkon shekarun 1990. A lokacin Kenya tana ƙarƙashin mulkin kama-karya na Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Afirka ta Kenya (KANU), jam'iyyar siyasa ɗaya tilo da aka amince da ita bisa doka a Kenya kuma wacce marigayi shugaban ƙasa Daniel arap Moi ya jagoranta. 

Karua ta shiga jam'iyyar Ford-Asili ta Kenneth Matiba. A watan Satumba na shekarar 1992, ta fice daga zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyyar wanda ta ɗauka a matsayin wanda aka yi wa kutse, wanda hakan ya sa aka ayyana abokin hamayyarta Geoffrey Karekia Kariithi a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaɓen. Ta shiga jam'iyyar Democrat (DP) inda ta lashe tikitin jam'iyyar a watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1992, ta ci gaba da lashe zaɓen a matsayin 'yar majalisar mazaɓar Gichugu a watan Disamba na shekarar 1992, inda ta yi nasara a kan Kareithi mai ci, inda ta 'yantar da mazaɓar Gichugu daga fafatawar Kareithi-Nahashon Njuno. Karua ta zama 'yar majalisar mazaɓar Gichugu kuma lauya mace ta farko da aka zaɓa a majalisar. An zaɓe ta a matsayin sakatariyar harkokin shari'a ta jam'iyyar Democrat a shekarar 1993. 

A shekarar 1998, Karua ta ƙi amincewa da matsayin Ministar Al'adu da Ayyukan Jin Daɗi ta Inuwa, wanda ya saɓa wa matsayinta na Sakatare na Ƙasa kan Harkokin Kundin Tsarin Mulki (wani mukami da aka zaɓa) wanda ya sanya ta zama mai magana da yawun jam'iyyar a hukumance kan harkokin shari'a. Ta zaɓi yin murabus daga muƙaminta a matsayin Sakatariya ta Ƙasa kan Harkokin Shari'a da Tsarin Mulki. 

A shekara ta 2001, lokacin da aka gabatar da Dokar Bitar Kundin Tsarin Mulki a gaban Majalisa, dukkan 'yan adawa ban da Karua sun fice daga Majalisa. 'Yan adawa da kuma ƙungiyoyin farar hula sun yi watsi da Dokar, amma Karua ta yi imanin cewa a matsayinta na wakilai da aka zaɓa, maimakon fita waje, zai fi kyau a ci gaba da zama a Majalisar a rubuta ƙin amincewa. Saboda haka ta zaɓi ta ci gaba da zama a Majalisar kuma an rubuta ƙin amincewarta ga Dokar a Hansard. 

Daga baya tana cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar siyasa ta NARC wacce ta lashe babban zaɓen Kenya a shekarar 2002, wanda ya kawo ƙarshen kusan shekaru arba'in na shugabancin KANU a siyasar Kenya, bayan ta shiga cikin fafutukar faɗaɗa sararin dimokuraɗiyya da girmama haƙƙin ɗan adam a matsayinta na memba kuma daga baya ta zama shugaba a Ƙungiyar Lauyoyi ta Kenya. 

### 2003–2009
Har zuwa ranar 6 ga Afrilun 2009, ta kasance Ministar Shari'a, Haɗin kai na Ƙasa da Harkokin Kundin Tsarin Mulki. Ta kuma taɓa yin aiki a matsayin Ministar Gudanar da Albarkatun Ruwa da Ci Gaba, kuma ita ce ke da hannu a aiwatar da Dokar Ruwa ta 2002, wadda tun daga lokacin ta hanzarta saurin gyare-gyaren ruwa da samar da ayyuka a Kenya.  

Karua ta ci gaba da zama Ministan Shari'a da Harkokin Kundin Tsarin Mulki a Majalisar Ministocin da Kibaki ya naɗa a ranar 8 ga watan Janairu, 2008, bayan zaɓen Disamba na 2007 mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce.  A wata hira da BBC *HARDtalk* a watan Janairun 2008, Karua ta ce, game da rikicin da ya taso sakamakon sakamakon zaɓen, yayin da gwamnati ta yi tsammanin cewa ƙungiyar adawa ta Orange Democratic Movement (ODM) ta Raila Odinga za ta iya "shirya tashin hankali idan suka sha kaye", ta yi mamakin "girman" tashin hankalin, inda ta kira tashin hankalin "tsarkake ƙabilanci". Da aka tambaye ta ta yi bayani, Karua ta ce tana "faɗi" cewa ODM ta shirya tsarkake ƙabilanci. Daga baya Odinga ya kira zargin Karua "abin ƙyama".  Karua ta jagoranci tawagar gwamnati a tattaunawar da ta yi da 'yan adawa game da takaddamar siyasa da ta samo asali daga zaɓen.  Rikicin siyasa a ƙarshe ya haifar da sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar raba iko tsakanin Kibaki da Odinga. A cikin babban majalisar ministocin haɗin gwiwa da aka sanar a ranar 13 ga watan Afrilu 2008, Karua ta ci gaba da riƙe muƙaminta na Ministar Shari'a, Haɗin kai na Ƙasa da Harkokin Kundin Tsarin Mulki. 

An amince da ita a matsayin shugabar jam'iyyar siyasa ta NARC-Kenya a ranar 15 ga watan Nuwamba, 2008. Babu wani zaɓen da aka yi a lokacin babban taron wakilan jam'iyyar a Bomas na Kenya da ke Nairobi, domin an amince da dukkan jami'ai, ciki har da Ms Karua. Bayan amincewarta, nan take ta bayyana cewa za ta tsaya takarar kujerar siyasa mafi girma a matsayin Shugaba a zaɓen Kenya na 2012. 

Karua ta yi murabus daga muƙamin Ministar Shari'a da Harkokin Kundin Tsarin Mulki a ranar 6 ga watan Afrilu, 2009, tana mai cewa ba ta gamsu da yadda take gudanar da ayyukanta ba. Misali bayyananne na takaicinta shi ne lokacin da Shugaba Mwai Kibaki ya naɗa Alƙalai ba tare da saninta ba 'yan kwanaki kafin ta yi murabus.  Ita ce Minista ta farko da ta yi murabus da son rai tun daga shekarar 2003.

### 2013 - yanzu
Karua ta tsaya takarar shugabancin Kenya a shekarar 2013, a ƙarƙashin tikitin jam'iyyar NARC ta Kenya. Sabuwar dokar Kenya ta hana masu neman kujerar shugaban ƙasa neman kujerar majalisar dokoki a lokaci guda, don haka dole ta daina sha'awarta ga kujerar Gichugu mai aminci, tare da yuwuwar a kore ta daga siyasa gaba daya (idan ta rasa takarar shugabancin ƙasarta). Ta zo ta shida da kuri'u 43,881 a sakamakon zaɓen da aka yi jayayya a kai. 

Martha Karua za ta dawo fagen siyasar Kenya a babban zaɓen 2017 tana neman kujerar gwamna a gundumar Kirinyaga. Ta sha kaye a hannun Anne Waiguru a zaɓen da aka yi ta cece-kuce a kai bayan ta sami ƙuri'u 122,091 yayin da Waiguru ta samu ƙuri'u 161,373. Karua ta yi takara a zaɓen bisa zargin rashin bin ƙa'ida a zaɓen kuma ta shigar da ƙara a Babbar Kotun tana neman a soke zaɓen Waiguru, inda ta sha kaye a Kotun Koli ta hanyar Kotun Ɗaukaka Ƙara sannan kuma a Kotun Koli. Karua ta ci gaba da shigar da ƙara a Kotun Shari'a ta Gabashin Afirka, tana ƙarar gwamnatin Kenya kan gazawar sashin shari'a na bayar da adalci a cikin ƙarar.   Tana cikin shugabannin 'yan adawa da Shugaban Amurka Barack Obama ya gana da su lokacin da Uhuru Kenyatta ya karɓi baƙuncinsa a shekarar 2015 a ziyarar shugaban ƙasa ɗaya tilo da Obama ya kai Kenya.  A siyasance, da alama ta karkata ga CORD, babbar ƙungiyar siyasa ta 'yan adawa ƙarƙashin jagorancin Raila Odinga.  Daga baya Karua ta yi watsi da dangantakarta ta siyasa da Raila ta kuma goyi bayan Jam'iyyar Jubilee kafin babban zaɓen Kenya na 2017. 

A watan Disamba na shekarar 2015, Karua ta amince ta karɓi gudummawar dala miliyan 2 na Ksh 2 ga kuɗin kamfen ɗinta na shugaban ƙasa daga kamfanin British American Tobacco. Karua ta ce ta yi tunanin gudummawar da Paul Hopkins, ma'aikaciyar BAT, ta bayar, gudummawa ce ta kashin kanta. An biya kuɗin ta hannun Mary M'Mukindia wacce ke gudanar da kamfen ɗin Karua. Karua tana da suna na rashin cin hanci da rashawa sai dai wannan rahoton bayar da gudummawar da aka yi zargin an yi mata. Ba a tabbatar da wani laifi ba kuma binciken Birtaniya ya kammala ba tare da wani tuhuma a kan Paul Hopkins ba. Karua ta dage cewa ba za a iya cin hanci da rashawa ba kuma ta gayyaci hukumomin Kenya su binciki duk wani laifi da ake zargin ta aikata.

A ranar 20 ga watan Satumba, 2021, wani ɓangare na shugabannin daga Tsakiyar Kenya ya zaɓi Karua a matsayin Kakakin Majalisar Wakilai ta Mount Kenya Unity Forum.

### Babban zaɓen 2022
A ranar 3 ga watan Yunin 2022, ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa Raila Odinga ya naɗa Karua a matsayin mataimakiyarsa, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama mace ta farko a tarihin Kenya da ta tsaya takarar neman tikitin siyasa a wata babbar jam'iyyar siyasa. Wannan yana nufin cewa nasarar da Azimio la Umoja–One Kenya Coalition Party ta Odinga ta samu a watan Agustan 2022 zai sa ta zama mace ta farko a Kenya da ta zama mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa, kuma mace mafi matsayi a Kenya a tarihi. 

### Suna
A wani lokaci a gundumar Kirinyaga lokacin da KANU ke kan mulki, Karua ta fita daga hannun Shugaba Moi wanda a lokacin yake jawabi ga taron jama'a a filin wasa na gundumar. Wannan wani abu ne da ba a saba gani ba na nuna adawa da Moi, wanda a lokacin ake jin tsoronsa kuma yake mulkin ƙasar a matsayin mai mulkin kama-karya.  

Ta kasance mai fafutukar faɗaɗa sararin dimokuraɗiyya da batutuwan jinsi a Kenya. Ta shiga cikin fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata ta hanyar shari'o'in muradun jama'a, yin fafutuka da kuma fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata. Wannan ya faru ne ta hanyar aikinta da ƙungiyoyin mata daban-daban, musamman Ƙungiyar Lauyoyi ta Mata ta Duniya (FIDA-Kenya) da Ƙungiyar Masu Zaɓen Mata ta Kenya.   

## Lambobin yabo da karramawa
A shekarar 1991, Human Rights Watch ta amince da Karua a matsayin mai sa ido kan kare hakkin ɗan adam.  

A watan Disamba na shekarar 1995, ƙungiyar lauyoyi mata ta Kenya (FIDA) ta ba ta kyautar saboda ci gaban mata.  A shekarar 1999, Sashen Kenya na Hukumar Lauyoyi ta Duniya ya ba ta lambar yabo ta alkalan Kenya ta shekarar 1999, kuma a wannan shekarar a wannan watan, ƙungiyar lauyoyi ta Kenya (LSK) ta ba ta lambar yabo ta lauyoyi masu himma. 

## Wallafe-wallafe
A kan Tide 

## Manazarta