Harin bam na Downing Street

Rundunar Sojojin Jamhuriyar Irish (IRA) ta kai harin bam 10 titin Downing a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu 1991. IRA ta kaddamar da harsashi uku na gida a 10 Downing Street, Landan, hedkwatar Gwamnatin Burtaniya, a cikin ƙoƙari na kashe Firayim Minista John Major da majalisar ministocinsa na yaki, waɗanda ke haɗuwa don tattauna Yakin Gulf.

Ɗaya daga cikin 140 fam (64 kg) harsashi ya fashewa a cikin lambun baya na Number 10, 'yan yadudduka daga Ofishin Ma'aikatar. Saboda kasancewar windows masu tsayayya da bam, babu wani daga cikin majalisa da ya ji rauni, kodayake wasu mutane hudu sun sami kananan raunuka, gami da jami'an 'yan sanda biyu na Metropolitan. Sauran harsashi biyu sun wuce Downing Street kuma sun sauka a kan kore a kusa.

## Tarihi
A lokacin Matsalar, a matsayin wani ɓangare na yakin basasa game da Mulkin Burtaniya a Arewacin Ireland, Sojojin Jamhuriyar Irish na wucin gadi (IRA) sun yi amfani da bindigogi na gida akai-akai akan manufofi a Arewacin Irlande. Mafi shahararren lokaci shine harin bam na Newry na 1985 wanda ya kashe mambobi tara na Royal Ulster Constabulary .  IRA ta kai hare-hare da yawa a Ingila, amma babu wanda ya shafi bam. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1988, an gano abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin ginin turmi da cikakkun bayanai game da hanyar makamin yayin wani hari a Battersea, Kudancin London, da mambobin reshen 'yan sanda na Metropolitan Anti-Terrorist. A ƙarshen shekarun 1980, Firayim Minista Margaret Thatcher ta kasance a saman jerin sunayen IRA don kisan kai, biyo bayan yunkurin da ya gaza a kan rayuwarta a cikin fashewar bam din otal din Brighton.

Tsaro a kusa da titin Downing an kara shi a farashin £ 800,000 biyo bayan karuwar aikin IRA a Ingila a shekarar 1988, gami da kara wani gidan tsaro na 'yan sanda da ƙofofin tsaro a ƙarshen titin. Shirye-shiryen barin bam din mota a kan titin da ke kusa da Downing Street kuma ya fashe shi ta hanyar sarrafawa ta nesa yayin da Majalisar Sojoji IRA ta fitar da ita saboda yiwuwar mutuwar fararen hula, wanda wasu mambobin Majalisar Sojoji suka yi jayayya da cewa zai kasance mai fa'ida a siyasa.

## Shirye-shiryen
Majalisar Sojoji a maimakon haka ta ba da izinin kai hari kan titin Downing kuma, a tsakiyar 1990, mambobi biyu na IRA sun yi tafiya zuwa Landan don shirya harin. Ɗaya daga cikin membobin IRA yana da masaniya game da hanyar bindigogi kuma ɗayan, daga Brigade na Belfast na IRA, ya saba da ƙera su. Wani sashi mai aiki ya sayi motar Ford Transit kuma ya hayar garage. Wani mai tsara IRA ya sayi fashewa da kayan da ake buƙata don yin bam din. Rukunin ya fara yin bam din kuma ya yanke rami a rufin motar don a harba bam din. Sun sake binciken wurare a Whitehall don neman wurin da ya dace daga inda za a iya harba bindigogi a bayan 10 Downing Street, gidan hukuma da ofishin Firayim Minista na Burtaniya.

Da zarar shirye-shiryen sun cika, mambobin IRA guda biyu sun koma Ireland, saboda jagorancin kungiyar sun dauke su ma'aikata masu mahimmanci kuma ba sa so su yi barazanar kama su a kowane aikin da jami'an tsaro ke yi. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1990, Thatcher ba zato ba tsammani ta yi murabus daga mukamin, amma Majalisar Sojoji ta yanke shawarar cewa harin da aka shirya ya kamata ya ci gaba, yana mai da hankali ga magajinta John Major. IRA ta shirya kai hari lokacin da Major da ministocinsa za su iya haɗuwa a Downing Street kuma sun jira har sai an san ranar taron majalisar ministoci da aka shirya.

## Harin

A safiyar 7 ga Fabrairu 1991, majalisar ministocin yaki ta Major, tare da wasu manyan jami'an gwamnati da sojoji, suna ganawa a Downing Street don tattauna Yakin Gulf da ke gudana. Kazalika da Major, waɗanda suka halarci sun haɗa da 'yan siyasa Douglas Hurd, Tom King, Norman Lamont, Peter Lilley, Patrick Mayhew, David Mellor da John Wakeham; ma'aikatan gwamnati Robin Butler, Percy Cradock, Gus O'Donnell da Charles Powell; da kuma  David Craig .  Yayin da taron ya fara, wani memba na IRA yana tuka motar zuwa wurin kaddamarwa a mahaɗar Horse Guards Avenue da Whitehall, kimanin yadudduka 200 (180 m) daga Downing Street.

Lokacin da ya isa, direban ya ajiye motar kuma ya bar wurin a kan babur mai jira.[1] Minti da yawa daga baya a karfe 10:08 na safe, yayin da wani dan sanda ke tafiya zuwa motar don bincika ta, an kaddamar da harsashi uku daga wani tururi na gida na Mark 10, sannan fashewar na'urar konewa da aka riga aka saita.[2][1] An tsara wannan na'urar don lalata duk wata hujja ta shari'a kuma ta ƙone motar.[1] Kowane harsashi yana da tsawon inci huɗu da shida (1.4 , yana da nauyin fam 140 (60 , kuma yana ɗauke da nauyin fam 40 (20 na fashewar filastik Semtex.[3] 

## Manazarta