open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Fashi a Teku

Fashi wani aiki ne na fashi ko tashin hankali na laifi ta hanyar jirgin ruwa ko masu kai hari a kan wani jirgin ruwa ko yankin bakin teku, yawanci tare da burin sata kaya da sauran kayayyaki masu daraja. Wadanda ke gudanar da ayyukan fashi ana kiransu 'yan fashi, kuma jiragen da aka yi amfani da su don fashi ana kiran su jiragen fashi. Abubuwan da aka fi rubuta na fashi sun kasance a cikin karni na 14 BC, lokacin da Mutanen Tekun, ƙungiyar masu fashi da teku, suka kai hari kan jiragen ruwa na wayewar Aegean da Bahar Rum. Hanyoyin tashoshin da ke cikin jigilar kaya a cikin hanyoyin da za a iya hangowa sun daɗe suna haifar da damar yin fashi,  da kuma masu zaman kansu da kuma cinikin Kasuwanci.  

## Manazarta
Brigitte Cuypers

**Brigitte Cuypers** (an haife ta a ranar 3 ga watan Disamba 1955) 'yar wasan tennis ce mai ritaya daga Afirka ta Kudu.  

Cuypers ta kai wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin Afirka ta Kudu sau biyar a jere daga shekarun 1975 zuwa 1979 kuma ta lashe kambun a shekarun 1976, 1978 da 1979. A cikin shekarar 1977, ta lashe taken (Title ) ɗin sau biyu a gasar Italiya tare da 'yar'uwarta Marise Kruger.  A watan Agustan 1979, ta kasance ta biyu a gasar Canadian Open, ta rasa wasan ƙarshe a cikin sahu uku zuwa ga  Laura duPont.

Cuypers ta lashe kofin sau ɗaya a Rhodesian Open a shekarun 1974 da 1975.  Ta lashe taken Akron Virginia Slims sau biyu a cikin shekarar 1976 tare da Mona Anne Guerrant.

## Aikin Ƙarshe

### Sau ɗaya: 8 (Title 3, waɗanda suka zo na 5)

### Sau Biyu: 3 (lakabi/Title 3)

## Manazarta
Surina De Beer

**Surina De Beer** (an haife ta a ranar 28 Yuni 1978) 'yar wasan tennis ce ta Afirka ta Kudu mai ritaya.

A cikin aikinta, De Beer ta sami kofuna guda goma sha ɗaya da take na 36 sau biyu akan Da'irar Mata ta ITF. A ranar 6 ga watan Yulin 1998, ta kai matsayinta mafi kyawun 'yan wasa a duniya na 116. A ranar 25 ga watan Satumbar 2000, ta kai kololuwa a lamba 49 a cikin kima biyu na WTA.

A shekara ta 2011, De Beer ta yi ritaya daga sana'ar wasan tennis.

## ITF Circuit wasan ƙarshe

### Singles (11-6)

### Sau Biyu (36-24)

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Surina De Beer at the Women's Tennis Association 
* Surina De Beer at the International Tennis Federation 
* Surina De Beer at the Billie Jean King Cup (archived) 

## Manazarta
Kisan kare dangi na Bosnia

Kisan kare dangi na Bosnia (Bosnian: Bosanski genocide) ya faru ne a lokacin Yaƙin Bosnia na 1992-1995  kuma ya haɗa da kisan gillar Srebrenica da manyan laifuka da aka yi wa bil'adama da kuma kamfen ɗin Tsabtace kabilanci da aka yi a duk yankunan da Sojojin Republika Srpska (VRS) ke sarrafawa. [2]   [shafin da ake buƙata] Abubuwan da suka faru a Srebrenica a cikin 1995 sun haɗa da kisan sama da maza da maza 8,000 na Bosniak (Musulmi na Bosnian), da kuma fitar da wasu fararen hula 25000-30000 na Bosniaks da rukunin VRS ke karkashin umurnin Janar Ratko Mladić.  

## Manazarta
Samuel Doe

**Samuel Kanyon Doe** (6 ga Mayu 1951  - 9 ga Satumba 1990) ɗan siyasan Laberiya ne kuma jami'in soja wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Laberiya na 21 daga 1986 zuwa 1990. Ya yi mulki a Laberiya a matsayin Shugaban Majalisar Ceto ta Jama'a (PRC) daga 1980 zuwa 1986 sannan kuma a matsayin shugaban kasa daga 1986 zuwa 1990.

Wani memba na kabilun Krahn, Doe ya kasance babban sajan a cikin Sojojin Laberiya (AFL) lokacin da ya shirya juyin mulki na 1980 wanda ya hambarar da Shugaba William Tolbert da Jam'iyyar True Whig, ya zama shugaban farko wanda ba na Amurka-Liberiya ba kuma ya kawo karshen shekaru 133 na mulkin Amurka-Liberia. Doe ya dakatar da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Laberiya, ya ɗauki matsayin Janar, kuma ya kafa PRC a matsayin gwamnatin soja na wucin gadi tare da kansa a matsayin shugaban kasa.[1] Doe ya rushe PRC a shekarar 1984 kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya halatta mulkinsa, tare da sabon kundin tsarin mulkin dimokuradiyya da babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 1985. Ya ci nasara da kashi 51% na kuri'un, amma zaben yana da zarge-zargen zamba. Doe ya buɗe tashar jiragen ruwa na Laberiya ga jiragen ruwa na Kanada, China, da Turai, wanda ya kawo zuba jari mai yawa na kasashen waje kuma ya sami sunan Laberiya a matsayin wurin haraji. Doe yana da goyon baya daga Amurka saboda matsayinsa na adawa da Soviet a lokacin Yaƙin Cold.

## Manazarta
Amber Rose

**Amber Rose Levonchuck** an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Oktoba,a shekarar 1983) ƙirar Amurka ce da halayen talabijin. Ta sami kulawa bayan ta fito a cikin faifan bidiyo na waƙar Young Jeezy na 2008 waƙar "Saka", wanda ke nuna Kanye West. Ta fara dangantaka ta soyayya tare da Yamma, wanda ya jagoranci ta zuwa samfurin samfurin Louis Vuitton; Sannan ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar yin tallan kayan kawa tare da Ford Models. Ta sami ƙarin ƙwarewa azaman bidiyo vixen a cikin ƙarin bidiyon hip hop.

## Rayuwar Farko
An haifi Amber Levonchuck a Philadelphia a ranar 21 ga Oktoba, 1983 ga Dorothy Rose, wacce ke 23 a lokacin, da Michael Levonchuck wanda ke da shekaru 19. Mahaifinta dan asalin Irish ne da Italiya kuma mahaifiyarta 'yar asalin Cape Verde ce.

## Sana'a
Fitowar Rose a cikin faifan bidiyo na waƙar Young Jeezy a 2008 waƙar "Sanya" ya ɗauki hankalin Kanye West, wanda baƙo ya yi a kan waƙa da bidiyo. Rose sai ta sami fa'ida mai fa'ida bayan ta fito don tallan buga Louis Vuitton mai nuna layin sneaker na Yamma.

## Manazarta
Kisan kare dangi na Kambodiya

Kisan kare dangi na Kambodiya shine tsanantawa da kisan 'yan ƙasar Kambodiya da Khmer Rouge ya yi a karkashin jagorancin Firayim Minista na Democratic Kampuchea, Pol Pot .[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 1] Ya haifar da mutuwar mutane miliyan 1.5 zuwa 2 daga 1975 zuwa 1979, kusan kashi 25% na yawan mutanen Cambodia a 1975 (c. miliyan 7.8). 
## Manazarta
Taron Kasa da Kasa na Tokyo kan Ci gaban Afirka

**Tokyo International Conference on African Development** (**TICAD**)|東京におけるアフリカ開発国際会議| wani taro ne da ake gudanarwa akai-akai tare da manufar "inganta tattaunawar manufofi tsakanin shugabannin Afirka da abokan hulɗar ci gaba." Japan ita ce mai karɓar bakuncin waɗannan taron. Sauran masu shirya TICAD sune Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Ofishin Mai ba da Shawara na Musamman kan Afirka (UN-OSAA) da Shirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP). Jerin sun hada da: TICAD I (1993); TICAD II (1998); TICAD III (2003); TICAD IV (2008); TICAD V (2013). A watan Agustan shekarar 2016 ne za a gudanar da taron na gaba a Najeriya.
Wannan shi ne karo na farko da za a gudanar da taron a Afirka, inda duk tarurrukan da suka gabata ne aka gudanar a Japan.

TICAD ya kasance wani ɓangare na ci gaba a cikin jajircewar Japan na dogon lokaci don haɓaka zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali a Afirka ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa.

A cikin wannan mahallin, Japan ta jaddada mahimmancin "mallakar Afirka" na ci gabanta da kuma "haɗin gwiwa" tsakanin Afirka da ƙasashen duniya.  Musayar ra'ayoyi tsakanin wakilan taron yana jaddada batun don ƙarin, ba ƙarancin taimako daga manyan tattalin arzikin duniya ba.

## Tsarin lokaci na taron
Taron TICAD an yi niyya ne don taimakawa wajen inganta tattaunawar manufofi tsakanin shugabannin Afirka da abokan huldarsu na ci gaba. Ya fito ne a cikin 1993 bayan ƙarshen Cold War a cikin zamanin 'gajiyar taimako' tsakanin ƙasashe masu ba da gudummawa, kuma yana da mahimmanci wajen farfado da sha'awar masu ba da gudummawa a Afirka.TICAD ya samo asali ne a cikin babban dandalin duniya don inganta ci gaba a nahiyar a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin "mallaka" na Afirka da "haɗin gwiwa" na duniya. Wadannan ra'ayoyin sun zama mahimman abubuwa a cikin ƙaddamar da Sabuwar Hadin gwiwar Tattalin Arziki don Ci gaban Afirka (NEPAD), dabarun ci gaban da 'yan Afirka da kansu suka tsara.
Tarurrukan TICAD da suka gabata sun haifar da sakamako mai mahimmanci, musamman lokacin da Japan ke karbar bakuncin G8, kamar yadda yake a 2008. A shekara ta 2000, alal misali, Japan ta karbi bakuncin taron G8 na Okinawa kuma ta gayyaci shugabanni daga kasashen Afirka da dama don halarta. Ra'ayoyin da aka gabatar a TICAD II sun kuma karɓi G8 a cikin ƙirƙirar Asusun Duniya don Yaƙi da AIDS, Tarin fuka da Zazzabin Cizon Sauro Asusun Duniya don Yaƙi da AIDS, Tarin fuka da Zazzabin Sauro . 

## TICAD-I
A shekarar 1993 ne aka gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci a Abuja. Kasashen Afirka da abokan huldarsu na ci gaban sun tattauna dabarun matakai don bunkasa ci gaban Afirka.  An kafa TICAD a lokacin da sha'awar al'ummomin duniya a Afirka ta fara raguwa, kuma gajiyar masu ba da gudummawa ta shiga.Wannan taron ya samar da "Sanarwar Tokyo kan Ci gaban Afirka."
## Manazarta
Tingatinga

**Fentin Tingatinga** Fentin tintinga Fentin ne daya samo asali daga gabashin Yankin nahiyar afirika. Fentin Tingatinga ya kasance zanen Fenti mafi shahara dake daukar hankalin hankulan masu yawon shaqa tawa a kasar tanzaniya, kasar Kenya dakuma sauran kasashe masu makwabtaka dasu. Fentin yasamo sunansa na asali daga Wanda ya kirkiri zanen Fentin wato **Edward Tingatinga ** Wanda ya kasance dan asalin kasar tanzaniya.

## Manazarta
Robyn Field

**Robyn Field-Jones** (an haife ta a ranar 27 ga watan Yuni 1966) tsohuwar ƙwararriya ce 'yar wasan tennis 'yar Afirka ta Kudu. Tana zaune a Durban.

Field ta buga wasan tennis na kwalejin Amurka a Texas Longhorns na Jami'ar Texas a cikin shekarun 1980.

Daga shekarun 1988 zuwa 1991, Field ta yi takara a wasannin kwararru. Ta cancanci nasarar fitowa a gasar Wimbledon ta shekarar 1990, tare da nasara akan Carling Bassett-Seguso, Yayuk Basuki da Renata Baranski, kafin ta faɗi a zagaye na farko a wasa daTami Whitlinger. A matsayinta na 'yar wasa biyu ta kuma fito cikin manyan wasannin na  French Open da US Open.

## ITF wasa na ƙarshe

### Singles: 4 (1-3)

### Doubles: 18 (12-6)

## Manazarta
William Shawcross

Sir William Hartley Hume Shawcross CVO (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga Mayu 1946) ɗan jaridar Burtaniya ne, marubuci, kuma mai watsa shirye-shirye. Shi ne Kwamishinan da ke aiki na Nomin Jama'a. Daga 2012 zuwa 2018 ya jagoranci Hukumar Taimako ta Ingila da Wales.

Shawcross ya rubuta kuma ya ba da lacca kan batutuwan manufofin kasa da kasa, geopolitics, Kudu maso gabashin Asiya da 'yan gudun hijira, da kuma dangin sarauta na Burtaniya. Ya rubuta wa wallafe-wallafe da yawa, ciki har da Time, Newsweek, International Herald Tribune, The Spectator, The Washington Post da Rolling Stone, [1] ban da rubuta littattafai da yawa kan batutuwa na duniya: Prague Spring, Vietnam War, Iran Revolution, Iraki War, taimakon kasashen waje, sa hannun jin kai, da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Ayyukansa Sideshow (1979) da The Quality of Mercy (1984) sun kasance daga cikin littattafan The New York Times Book Review na shekara.
## Manazarta
Halbert L. Dunn

**Halbert L. Dunn**, M.D. (1896–1975), likita ne kuma masani na Amurka wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa tsarin kididdigar rayuwa a Amurka kuma aka fi saninsa da “baban harkar lafiya” (father of the wellness movement). An haife shi a New Paris, Ohio, Dunn ya zama jagora a fannin kididdigar lafiya da kuma ci gaban tunani game da lafiya ta musamman wadda ta wuce rashin ciwo kawai. Ya kafa gado mai ƙarfi a fannonin kididdiga da lafiya ta jama’a, wanda har yau ana girmama shi ta hanyar lambar yabo mai suna Halbert L. Dunn Award.
## Rayuwa da Ayyuka
An haife Halbert L. Dunn a ranar 26 ga Oktoba, 1896, a New Paris, Ohio. Ya kammala karatunsa a Jami’ar Minnesota, inda ya sami digirinsa na likita (M.D.) a 1922 da kuma digirin falsafa (Ph.D.) a 1923. Bayan haka, ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki a fannin likitanci a Asibitin Presbyterian na New York City daga 1923 zuwa 1924, sannan ya zama ɗan asibitin Mayo Clinic a Rochester, Minnesota, daga 1924 zuwa 1925. A shekara ta 1929, an ɗauke shi a matsayin masanin kididdigar lafiya na farko a Mayo Clinic, inda ya kafa tsarin lambobi don samar da kididdigar likitanci, wanda ya zama muhimmin ci gaba a fannin.

Daga 1935 zuwa 1960, Dunn ya rike mukamin Shugaban Ofishin Kididdigar Rayuwa na Ƙasa (National Office of Vital Statistics), da farko a ƙarƙashin Ofishin Ƙididdiga (Bureau of the Census) sannan daga baya a ƙarƙashin Ma’aikatar Lafiya, Ilimi da Jinƙai (Department of Health, Education and Welfare). A lokacin aikinsa, ya jagoranci canjin ofishin zuwa Cibiyar Kididdigar Lafiya ta Ƙasa (National Center for Health Statistics) a 1960. Ya kuma kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙididdigar Lafiya ta Jama’aKsiRarraba da dukkan abubuwan da ke ciki.

Hakanan ya kasance Sakatare Janar na Cibiyar Kididdigar Amurka ta Tsakiya (Inter-American Statistics Institute, IASI) daga 1941 zuwa 1952.
## Tunanin Lafiya
Halbert L. Dunn ya shahara sosai saboda gabatar da tunanin “lafiya mai girma” (high-level wellness), wanda ya bambanta tsakanin lafiya mai kyau (rashin ciwo) da lafiya mai girma, wanda ya bayyana a matsayin “yanayin canji inda mutum ke ci gaba, yana hawa zuwa ga mafi girman matakin aiki.” Ya gabatar da wannan tunani a cikin jerin laccoci ashirin da tara a Cocin Unitarian a Arlington County, Virginia, a ƙarshen shekarun 1950. Waɗannan laccocin sun zama tushen littafinsa mai suna High-Level Wellness, wanda aka buga a 1961.

Lafiya Mai Girma ya ba da gudummawa ga fahimtar cewa lafiya ba kawai rashin cuta ba ne, amma yanayi ne na ci gaba da bunƙasa. Duk da cewa littafin bai sami tasiri mai yawa nan da nan ba, ya zama tushen ilham ga jagororin harkar lafiya da lafiya gabaɗaya (holistic health movement) da suka bunƙasa bayan shekaru goma, kamar Don B. Ardell, John Travis, da Elizabeth Neilson. A shekarun 1970, tunaninsa ya sami ƙarin faɗuwa ta hanyar ayyuka kamar buɗe cibiyar lafiya ta farko a Amurka ta John Travis a 1975 da kuma jaridar Health Values: Achieving High-Level Wellness da Elizabeth Neilson ta kafa.

## Nassoshi
Babil Khan

**Babil Khan** (an haife shi 15 ga Mayu 1998) , ɗan wasan Indiya ne. Dan jarumi Irrfan Khan, ya fara aikinsa a matsayin mataimaki na kyamara, kafin ya fara fitowa a fim din Hindi tare da Qala (2022). Tun daga nan ya yi tauraro a cikin miniseries The Railway Men (2023).
## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Babil Khan a ranar 15 ga Mayu 1998, [3] a Mumbai ga ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Irrfan Khan kuma marubuci Sutapa Sikdar.[4][5] Yana da kane mai suna Ayaan Khan.

Khan ya kammala karatunsa a Makarantar Tridha, Mumbai kuma ya kara karatu a Jami'ar Westminster, London.

## sana'a
Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya fara aiki a matsayin mataimaki na kyamara a cikin fim ɗin Bollywood Qarib Qarib Single.

A cikin 2022, ya fara fitowa wasan kwaikwayo tare da wasan kwaikwayo na tunani na Anvita Dutt Qala tare da Tripti Dimri. An yaba masa sosai saboda kwazonsa

A cikin 2023, an gan shi yana wasa ɗan Juhi Chawla Siddharth Menon a cikin wani fim na asali na Netflix Shirin Dare. Ya kuma yi tauraro a cikin jerin gidan yanar gizo na YRF The Railway Men, labari akan Bhopal Gas Tragedy, tare da Divyendu Sharma, Kay Kay Menon da R. Madhavan a cikin manyan ayyuka. 

Hakanan zai yi tauraro a cikin Shoojit Sircar's The Umesh Chronicles tare da Amitabh Bachchan.

## Manazarta
Kisan kiyashi

Kisan kare dangi shine tashin hankali da ke kaiwa ga mutane saboda kasancewarsu cikin rukuni kuma yana da niyyar hallaka mutane.[lower-alpha 1] [1] Raphael Lemkin, wanda ya fara kirkirar kalmar, ya bayyana kisan kare dangi a matsayin "hallaka al'umma ko kabilanci" ta hanyar "rugujewar cibiyoyin siyasa da zamantakewa, al'adu, harshe, ji na kasa, Addini, da kuma rayuwar tattalin arziki". [its] A lokacin gwagwarmayar tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Kisan kare dangi, kasashe masu iko sun ƙuntata ma'anar Lemkin don cire ayyukansu daga rarraba su a matsayin kisan kare d ̄ a, a ƙarshe suna iyakance shi ga kowane ɗayan "ayyukan da aka aikata da niyyar hallaka, gaba ɗaya ko a wani ɓangare, ƙungiyar ƙasa, kabilanci, launin fata ko addini. "[1][1][1] Duk da yake akwai ma'anoni da yawa na ƙetare, kusan dukkanin hukumomin shari'a na duniya suna hukunta laifin kisan kare dangi bisa ga Yarjejeniyar Kisan kare d ̄ a.
## Manazarta
Zappo Zap

**Zappo Zaps** gungun mutanen Songye ne daga yankin Gabashin Kasaï a cikin abin da a yau ke Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo . Sun kasance kawayen hukumomin kasar Congo Free State, yayin da suke cinikin hauren giwa, roba da bayi.  A cikin 1899 gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta aika da su don karɓar haraji. Sun kashe mutanen kauyuka da dama, lamarin da ya janyo cece-kuce a kasashen duniya. 

## Rayuwar al'ada da al'adu
A cewar ɗan mishan William Henry Sheppard, mutanen Zappo Zap duk suna da fuskokin tattooed kuma sun shigar da haƙoransu zuwa maki masu kaifi. Sun yi ado ne kawai cikin guntuwar rigar dabino na minti biyu. Suna ɗauke da dogayen mashi da kiban ƙarfe na guba. Makamansu na ƙarfe ya ba su damar yin yaƙi, kuma idan aka yi amfani da su da bindigogi fa'idar ta kasance mai mahimmanci.  Sun kuma yi amfani da gatura na yaƙi da aka fi sani da *[[Zappozap|Nzappa zap]]* ko *zappozap*, wanda ya ba su suna. 

Zappo Zaps sun yi aiki a matsayin 'yan haya ga duk wanda ke kan mulki. Tun kafin zuwan Turawa sun yi ta kai hare-hare kan bayi, suna kona kauyuka, wani bangare na cin gawarwakin wadanda aka kashe, suna sayar da daruruwan bayi ga Swahili - Larabawa 'yan kasuwa a kowace shekara don musayar bindigogi, alburusai da sauran kayayyaki da aka kera. 

Kamar Songye gabaɗaya, Zappo Zaps ba su taƙaita cin naman su ga bukukuwan bukukuwa ba, kamar yadda wasu al'adu suka yi. A maimakon haka sai suka ci naman ɗan adam saboda ɗanɗanonsa, suna la'akari da shi a matsayin abinci mai daɗi.   Ban da cin wadanda suka kashe a fada, sukan yanka wasu bayi da suka kama. A kasuwanci ba su sha wahala sosai ba saboda wannan al'ada tunda darajar bawa ba ta kai ta alade ba.  Sai dai bayan fada ko farmaki, lokacin da aka samu gawarwakin da ba za a iya ci ba, babu abin da ya lalace, kuma dukkan sassan jikin dan Adam da ake ci gaba daya sun cinye, gami da kwakwalwa da kwallin ido. An gasa naman, ko soyayye kamar naman alade.  

## Manazarta
Andimba toivo ya toivo

**Andimba toivo ya toivo**

Herman Andimba Toivo ya Toivo (22 ga watan Agusta shekara ta1924 - 9 ga Yuni 2017) ɗan gwagwarmayar yaƙi da wariyar launin fata na Namibiya ne, ɗan siyasa kuma fursunan siyasa. Ya Toivo ya kasance mai fafutuka a yunkurin samun 'yancin kai, kuma yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa kungiyar jama'ar Kudu maso yammacin Afirka (SWAPO) a shekarar 1960, kuma kafin nan, ita ce kungiyar Ovamboland People's Organisation (OPO) a shekarar 1959.

Andimba ya girma a arewacin Namibiya, duk da haka ya ɗan yi ɗan lokaci a Cape Town a cikin 1950s. Ya shiga siyasa a can ya koma jam’iyyar African National Congress (ANC). A baya can Namibiya ya zama daya daga cikin wadanda suka fara gabatar da kara a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, inda ya nemi ‘yancin kasar Namibiya. Saboda gwagwarmayar siyasarsa an yi masa shari'a a shekarar 1966 a karkashin dokar ta'addanci, kuma aka yanke masa hukuncin daurin shekaru 20 a gidan yari. Ya yi shekaru 16 a tsibirin Robben a cikin sashe daya da Nelson Mandela, wanda abokinsa ne.

An sake shi a cikin 1984 kuma ya koma SWAPO a matsayin babban sakatare a gudun hijira a Lusaka, Zambia. Ya Toivo ya koma Namibiya ne a shekara ta 1989 bayan samun 'yancin kai a kasar kuma ya taba zama dan majalisa da minista a gwamnatin farko ta Sam Nujoma. Ya yi ritaya daga fagen siyasa a shekara ta 2006. Ya Toivo gwarzon kasa ne na Namibiya.

## Shekarun farko
An haifi Andimba Toivo ya Toivo a ranar 22 ga Agusta 1924 a matsayin na biyu cikin yara bakwai a Omangundu a Ovamboland, arewacin Afirka ta Kudu maso Yamma.[1] Ya halarci makarantar coci a Onayena amma yana yawan kiwon shanu, kamar yadda ya saba ga yara maza a wannan yanki.[2] Ya horar da zama kafinta a Makarantar Masana'antu ta Ongwediva tsakanin 1939 zuwa 1942.

A cikin 1942 lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II Ya Toivo da son rai ya shiga Ƙungiyar Soja ta Ƙasar, ƙungiyar sojojin wariyar launin fata ta Tarayyar Afirka ta Kudu. Ya yi yaki a bangaren Birtaniya na dakarun kawance.[4] kuma ya kai matsayin kofur a lokacin hidimarsa.[2][5] Lokacin da aka yi masa shari'ar ta'addanci a cikin 1960s ya tuna da kwarin gwiwarsa kamar haka:

Ubangijina, ka ga ya wajaba ka sanya ni matsoraci. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, sa’ad da ya bayyana cewa ƙasata da kuma ƙasarku suna fuskantar barazana daga gajimaren gajimare na ’yan Nazi, na yi kasada da raina don in kāre su biyun, sanye da riga mai riguna da lemu a ciki. Amma wasu daga cikin ƴan ƙasarku, lokacin da aka kira su yaƙi domin kare wayewa, sun yi zagon ƙasa ga ƙasarsu ta uba. Na ba da kai don fuskantar harsasai na Jamus, kuma a matsayina na mai gadin cibiyoyin soji, a Afirka ta Kudu maso Yamma da Jamhuriyyar, na shirya don zama wanda aka yi musu zagon ƙasa. A yau su ne ubangidanmu kuma ana daukarsu a matsayin jarumai, ni kuma ana ce da ni matsoraci.
Abdulatif Tiyua

**Abdulatif Tiyua** ya kasance soja ne Mai ritaya na kasar yuganda Kuma tsohon shugaban yan ta waye a kasar uganda. Ya aiki a hukumar sojoji ta kasar yuganda a matsayin kwamanda na gidan soja a lokacin mulki na **idi amin** A shekarar 1979 lokacin da aka yiwa shugaba **idi amin** juyin mulki daidai lokacin yaqin Basasa tsakanin kasar yuganda da kasar Tanzania, kwamanda Tiyua ya kasance a daure a gidan yari Wanda gwamnatin kasar yuganda tasa akayima sa, an sake shi a shekarar 1985 a lokacin da shugaba **tito okello** ya amshi ragamar mulki daga hannun shugaban yuganda **Milton obote**. 
## MANAZARTA
Mugabe, Faustin (13 May 2016). "I was condemned for being 'Amin's' soldier". Africa News Hub. Retrieved 28 April 2019
Jane Elizabeth Conklin

**Jane Elizabeth Conklin** (née, **Dexter**; 7 ga Yuli, 1831 - 19 ga Disamba, 1914) mawaki ce ta Amurka kuma marubuciyar addini ta Tsawon karni na sha tara daga New York . Shekaru uku, ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar rundunar mata ta Grand Army of the Republic. Ta ji daɗin suna a matsayin mai magana; kuma ita ce marubucin kundin waka guda uku. An haife ta kuma ta mutu a Utica, New York .

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Jane Elizabeth Dexter a Utica, New York .  Kakanta, Gregor (ko George) Grant), shugaban dangin Grant, daga Abernethy, Scotland, ya zo Amurka a cikin shekara ta 1774. Ya shiga Sojojin Continental kuma ya yi aiki a lokacin Yaƙin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka . Mahaifiyar Dexter 'yar William W. Williams ce, masanin gine-gine na Albany, New York. An haifi mahaifin Conklin a birnin Paris, New York, iyayensa sun ƙaura zuwa wannan garin daga Mansfield, Connecticut a ƙarshen ƙarni na 18.

Conklin ta sami ilimi a Kwalejin Mata ta Utica da kuma Makarantar Mrs. Brinkerhof don Matasan Mata a Albany . An rubuta waƙarta ta farko a cikin aya. Lokacin da take 'yar shekara 14, an fara buga waƙoƙinta, kuma bayan wannan lokacin, ta ci gaba da rubutu.

Duk da yake babu wani waka na Conklin da ya kasance waƙoƙi ne kawai, an rera da yawa daga cikinsu a tarurrukan addini. Ta kasance, shekaru da yawa, mai ba da gudummawa ga Utica Gospel Messenger . Ta kuma rubuta rubuce-rubuce da shayari don mako-mako na Birnin New York, da kuma takardu da yawa na gida. A shekara ta 1884, ta wallafa wani littafi na waƙoƙi, wanda aka karɓa da kyau. A shekara ta 1897, tana shirya kundi na biyu na waƙoƙi,  daga ƙarshe ta buga littattafai uku na waƙoƙin gaba ɗaya. An kuma tuna da Conklin a matsayin mai magana.

A watan Disamba, 1865, ta auri Cramer H. Conklin, tsohon soja na Yaƙin basasar Amurka, kuma daga baya suka zauna a Binghamton, New York. Conklin ya yi matukar sha'awar yakin basasar Amurka da kuma masu kare Jamhuriyar.

Lokacin da Babban Sojojin Jamhuriyar da mijinta yake ciki ya kafa rundunar agaji ta mata da 'ya'ya mata, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin na farko da ya sanya hannu kan kiran don takardar shaidar. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan an shirya rundunar, an zabe ta shugabanta, kuma shekaru uku, ta rike wannan mukamin.

Jane Elizabeth Conklin ta mutu a gidanta a Utica a ranar 19 ga Disamba, 1914. 

## Ayyukan da aka zaɓa

* 1884, *Waƙoƙin Jane E.D. Conklin*  (Rubuce-rubuce) 

## Manazarta

### Bayanan littattafai

## Haɗin waje

* Ayyukan da suka shafiMace ta Karni / Jane Elizabeth D. Conklina Wikisource
* Works by or about Jane Elizabeth Conklina cikinTarihin Intanet
Jane Lord Hersom

**Jane Lord Hersom** (6 ga Agusta, 1840 - 29 ga Nuwamba, 1928) likita ce ta Amurka kuma mai tsattsauran ra'ayi. 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi

An haifi Jane Lord a Sanford, Maine, a ranar 6 ga watan Agusta, 1840. Mahaifinta da mahaifiyarta, Samuel da Sophia Hight (Smith) Lord,  sun fito ne daga zuriyar Ingilishi. 

Ta yi karatu a makarantun gwamnati da masu zaman kansu a Springvale, Maine,  inda iyalin suka cire. Ta fara koyarwa kafin ta kai shekara goma sha shida, tana zuwa makaranta a cikin kaka da hunturu kuma tana koyarwa a lokacin rani.

## Ayyuka
A shekara ta 1865, lokacin da take da shekaru 25, Jane Lord ta auri Dr. Nahum Alvah Hersom . Sun zauna a Farmington, New Hampshire . A shekara ta 1862, Dokta Hersom, ya shiga soja a matsayin mataimakin likitan tiyata, an inganta shi zuwa likitan tiyat na farko, kuma daga baya ya kula da Asibitin filin a lokacin Yaƙin basasar Amurka.

Bayan yakin, Nahum Hersom ya bude aikin ƙasa. Ba da daɗewa ba ƙarfinsa ya ragu, kuma ya ɗauki hutun shekaru biyar daga aikinsa. Daga nan sai Hersoms suka koma Portland, Maine, inda Nahum ya sami aiki mai tsanani. A shekara ta 1881, Nahum Hersom ya tafi kasashen waje don hutawa kuma ya mutu a Dublin, Ireland, mako guda bayan ya isa.

Jane Hersom ta karanta littattafan likita ga mijinta a lokacin rashin lafiya, kuma tana jin daɗin su, ta ci gaba da karanta su da kanta. An ruwaito cewa mijinta ya gaya mata sau da yawa cewa za ta zama likita mai kyau. Hersom ya fara karatun likitanci tare da Farfesa Stephen H. Weeks, na Portend, Maine. A shekara ta 1883, ta shiga Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Mata ta Pennsylvania a Philadelphia,  inda ta yi karatu na tsawon shekaru uku. 

Bayan samun digiri na likita, Hersom ta kafa aikin likita mai nasara a Portland. An zabe ta likita na Gidan Mata da Yara na wucin gadi a Portland, matsayin da ta rike na tsawon shekaru hudu, har sai an tilasta mata ta yi murabus don halartar sauran ayyukanta. Ta kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Amirka, da Ƙungiyoyin Kiwon Lafiya na Jiha da Gundumar. A shekara ta 1896, Hersom ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban sashen yara na Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya da Kimiyya ta Maine. Ta kuma kasance memba na Kungiyar Likitoci, wanda aka zabe ta shugaban kasa a shekara ta 1892.  Ta kasance mai ba da gudummawa ga takardun kiwon lafiya a cikin al'ummomi da kungiyoyi da kuma kungiyoyin wallafe-wallafen.

Hersom kuma memba ne mai aiki a kungiyar mata. Ta zama mai tsattsauran ra'ayi ta hanyar bukatar ta a matsayin daliba da likita. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da kuɗi na Ƙungiyar Mata ta Jihar Maine, kuma shugabar Portland Equal Suffrage Club . 

A cikin addini, Hersom ya kasance Mai Ikilisiya; a cikin siyasa, Jamhuriyar Republican. Ta kasance memba na Civic Club, Women's Literary Union, da Litinin Club.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Hersoms suna da 'ya'ya biyu, 'yar, Mabel Lord (Mrs. Rufus Harton Jones),  da kuma yaro wanda ya mutu tun yana jariri. 

Ta mutu a Portland, Maine, 29 ga Nuwamba, 1928. 

## Manazarta

*
Mareze Joubert

**Mareze Joubert** (an Haife ta a ranar 18 ga watan watan Agusta shekara ta 1973) ta kasance tsohuwar ƙwararriya 'yar wasan tennis  'yar Afirka ta Kudu.

## Aikin wasan tennis
Joubert ta fara fafatawa a wasannin kwararru a farkon shekara ta 1990s. Ta kai matsayi mafi kyawun matsayi na 245 a duniya kuma ta cancanci yin babban wasa  na WTA Tour guda biyu, a Japan Open da Birmingham Classic a shekarar 1994. A lokacin aikinta, ta sami jimillar taken (titles) 18 akan ITF Circuit, uku a cikin guda ɗaya da 15 a ninki biyu.

A shekara ta 2001, an kira ta zuwa tawagar Fed Cup ta Afirka ta Kudu don buga wasan da Slovenia a Spain a matsayin wacce zata maye gurbin Jessica Steck, wacce ba ta iya samun biza ba. Tana wasa wasan tennis a Netherlands a lokacin, Joubert ta yi tafiya zuwa Spain kuma ta fito a cikin wasanni biyu, wanda ita da Kim Grant suka ci Maja Matevžič da Tina Pisnik.

## ITF Circuit wasan ƙarshe

### Singles: 12 (titles 3, waɗanda suka kasance a mataki na 9)

### Sau Biyu (Doubles): 26 (titles15, waɗanda suka zo na 11)

## Duba kuma

* Jerin wakilan tawagar gasar cin kofin Afirka ta Kudu

## Manazarta
Sunan mahaifi

**Sunan mahaifi,** sunan dangi, ko suna na ƙarshe shine galibin ɓangaren gado na sunan mutum wanda ke nuna dangin mutum. Yawanci ana haɗa shi da sunan da aka bayar wa mutum don samar da cikakken sunan mutum, kodayake sunaye da yawa da aka bayar suna yiwuwa a cikin cikakken suna. A zamanin yau yawancin sunayen sunayene na gado, kodayake a yawancin ƙasashe mutum yana da haƙƙin dazai iya chanza suna.

Dangane da al'ada, ana iya sanya sunan mahaifi a farkon sunan mutum, ko kuma a ƙarshe. Yadanganta da yawan sunan da akabawa mutum: a mafi yawan lokuta guda ɗaya ne, amma a cikin ƙasashe masu magana da yaren Fotigal da yawancin ƙasashen Mutanen Espanya, ana amfani da sunaye biyu (daya daga uwa da wani daga uba) don dalilai na doka. Dangane da al'ada, ba duk 'yan uwa ne ake buƙatar samun  sunaye iri ɗaya ba. A wasu ƙasashe, ana canza sunaye dangane da jinsi da matsayin dangin mutum. sunayen na iya haɗawa da sunaye mahaifi daban-daban.[3]

Yin anfani da sunaye yakasance a rubuce tin asalin salsalar dadadden tarihi. Misalai na sunayen mahaifi an rubuta su a cikin karni na 11 ta baron a Ingila. An fara yin sunaye na Ingilishi tare da yin la’akari da wani fanni na wannan mutum, kamar kasuwancinsu, sunan uba, wurin haihuwa, ko fasalin jiki, kuma ba lallai ba ne a gada. Ta hanyar 1400 yawancin iyalai na Ingilishi, da waɗanda suka fito daga Lowland Scotland, sun karɓi amfani da sunayen mahaifi na gado.

## Manazarta
Datsun

Kamfanin kera motoci na Japan mallakar Nissan. Datsun ta asali samar da gudu ya fara ne a 1931. Daga 1958 zuwa 1986, motocin da Nissan ta fitar da su ne kawai aka gano su a matsayin Datsun. Nissan ta fitar da alamar Datsun a watan Maris na shekara ta 1986, amma ta sake kaddamar da ita a watan Yunin shekara ta 2013 a matsayin alama ga motocin da ba su da tsada da aka ƙera don kasuwannin da ke tasowa. Nissan ta yi la'akari da fitar da alamar Datsun a karo na biyu a cikin 2019 da 2020, daga ƙarshe ta dakatar da alamar gwagwarmaya a watan Afrilu na 2022.

## Manazarta
Brenda Kirk

**Brenda Kirk** (11 Janairu 1951 - 6 Satumba 2015) 'yar wasan tennis ce ta Afirka ta Kudu. 

## Sana'a
Mafi kyawun sakamakonta a gasar Grand Slam shine kaiwa zagaye na uku a Gasar Wimbledon ta shekarar 1971. 

A cikin watan Janairu 1971, ta lashe taken titles of the Singles na Natal Sugar Championships.  Ta lashe kambun biyu sau biyu a lokacin aikinta; a watan Yuli 1971 ta lashe gasar Swiss Open tare da Laura Rossouw kuma a cikin watan Yuli 1972 ta lashe Irish Open tare da Pat Walkden.

Ta taka leda a gasar cin kofin Fed na Afirka ta Kudu a wasanni 15 tsakanin shekarun 1969 zuwa 1973 wanda ya ƙunshi tarihin nasara 17 da rashin nasara 10. Ta kasance cikin tawagar Afirka ta Kudu da ta lashe gasar cin kofin Fedaration a shekarar 1972 bayan ta samu nasara a wasan ƙarshe da Birtaniya a Ellis Park da ke Johannesburg na Afirka ta Kudu.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Kirk ta auri Jimmy Dimitriou a shekarar 1975 kuma ma'auratan sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu.  Sun rabu kuma daga baya ta auri Iain Bryson wanda ta haifi ɗa guda tare da shi. Kirk ta mutu a cikin barcinta a ranar 6 ga watan Satumba, 2015. 

## Aikinta na ƙarshe

### Ninkin Biyu: 10 (titles 2, runners&ups8)

## Manazarta
Isabella Kruger

**Isabella Kruger** 'yar wasan tennis ce ta Afirka ta Kudu. Tana da babban matsayi na wasanninta na 330 da ta samu a ranar 26 ga watan Disamba 2022. Ita ce 'yar tsohon dan wasan rugby na ƙasa da ƙasa Ruben Kruger.  

## Sana'a

### Juniors
Ta kai wasan daf da na kusa da na ƙarshe na 'yan mata a gasar Wimbledon ta shekarar 2022. 

### Ƙwararriya
A cikin shekarar 2023, an zaɓe ta a matsayin matashiya ga ƙungiyar Afirka ta Kudu a gasar cin kofin Billie Jean King.  Ta fara wasanta na farko a watan Afrilu 2023 a matsayin 'yar shekara 18 da Estonia. 

A watan Fabrairun 2024, ita ce ta ɗaya a matsayin 'yar wasan tennis a Afirka ta Kudu.   A cikin watan Maris 2024, tayi wasa tare da 'yar uwarta Zoë Kruger, ta kai wasan ƙarshe na Wiphold International inda suka fafata da Alina Charaeva da Ekaterina Reyngold a wasan ƙarshe, sun yi rashin nasara a wasanni uku.  

A watan Yuni 2024, ta sake yin takara a Afirka ta Kudu a gasar cin kofin Billie Jean King. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An haife ta a Pretoria  mahaifinta tsohon ɗan wasan Ruben Kruger ne na ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu. 'Yar uwarta Zoë Kruger ita ma 'yar wasan tennis ce. 

## Wasanni na ƙarshe na ITF

### Singles: 3 (1 taken, 2 runner-ups)

} Vitalia Diachenko
| 3–6, 2–6
|-
| style="background:#98FB98;" | Nasara
| 1-2
| Juni 2024
| style="background:#f0f8ff;" | ITF Hillcrest, Afirka ta Kudu
| style="background:#f0f8ff;" | W15
| Mai wuya
| Michika Ozeki
| 6–2, 6–4
|}

### Sau biyu: 2 (2 runner-ups)

} Alina Charaeva Ekaterina Reyngold
| 0-6, 7-5, [3-10]
|-
| style="background:#ffa07a;" | Asara
| 0-2
| Yuli 2024
| style="background:lightblue;" | ITF Hillcrest, Afirka ta Kudu
| style="background:lightblue;" | W35
| Mai wuya
| Zo Kruger
| Ksenia Laskutov Verena Meliss asalin
| 2–6, 5–7
|}

## Manazarta
Hemant Sharma

**Hemant Sharma** mawaƙiya ce ta zamani, pop da kuma mawaƙin gargajiya daga Nepal.    Kundin sa na farko shi ne *Oh Priya*, wanda aka saki a shekarar dubu biyu 2000. Koyaya, waƙarsa ce "Maya Sarai Mahango" daga kundin 2002 wanda ya kawo shi cikin haske. Sharma ta rubuta fiye da waƙoƙi 100 kuma ta saki fiye da kundi bakwai. Sharma ta kuma kasance shugabar ƙungiyar ƴan wasan kwaikwayo ta Nepal daga 2015 zuwa 2017.  

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Sharma a Nawalparsai .  Mahaifinsa shi ne Danda Pani Sharma kuma mahaifiyarsa Sumitra Sharma. Ya koma Kathmandu don karatunsa, kuma ya fara waka a kwaleji. Sharma ta saki fiye da waƙoƙi 100, ciki har da "Maya sarai Mahango", "Aaudai gara malati" da "Mul hau bhane rasaideu". 

## Kyaututtuka

## Bayanan da aka yi

### Albums

### Ma'aurata

* Mul hau bhane
* Aaudai gara malati
* Timi bahek mero koi chhaina
* Ban maryo banmarale - tare da Bishnu Majhi
* Thapana thapa hataima
* Lajai
* Maya sarhai mahango
* Maya yesto hos
* Gaishe da 'yar'uwa gaisuwa
* Ke maya garnu hunna ra
* Barikha
* Ukali jada jadai
* Nacha Nacha
* Hunna hunna
* Timi arkai gharko manxe
* Chhoyo mayale

## Manazarta
René Mentz

**Rene Mentz** (an haife ta a ranar 26 ga watan Mayu 1966) tsohuwar 'yar wasan tennis ce 'yar ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu. 

Mentz, ƙaramar 'yar wasan kwata-fainal ce na Wimbledon wacce ta girma a Pretoria, ya taka leda a wasannin ƙwararru a cikin shekarar 1980s da farkon 1990s. Ta kai matsayi na 295 mafi girma a duniya.

A lokacin aikinta ta fito a cikin manyan wasanni na mata guda ɗaya na duka French Open da Wimbledon, tayi zagaye na biyu na ƙarshe a shekarar 1983.

Mafi kyawun aikinta na Virginia Slims/ WTA Tour ya zo a shekarar 1984 Central Fidelity Banks International a Richmond, inda ta kai ga matakin kwata fainal, tare da nasara akan Leslie Allen da Anna-Maria Fernandez. 

## Wasannin ƙarshe na ITF

### Sau ɗaya: 6 (3-3)

### Ninki Biyu: 6 (4-2)

## Manazarta
Beverly Mould

**Beverly Mold** (an haife ta a ranar 13 ga watan Maris 1962) tsohuwar 'yar wasan tennis ce ta Afirka ta Kudu wacce ta yi aiki a farkon rabin 1980s.

## Aikin wasan tennis
A lokacin aikinta, Mold ta sami taken WTA Tour sau biyu.

Mafi kyawun sakamakonta a gasar Grand Slam ita ce ta kai zagaye na uku a gasar French Open a shekarun 1983 da 1984 US Open, inda ta sha kashi a hannun Andrea Jaeger  da Wendy Turnbull bi da bi.

Mold ta sami matsayi mafi girma na lamba 46 a ranar 24 ga watan Disamba 1984. 

## Wasanni na karshe

### Biyu (titles 3, tazo ta 3)

## Bayanan kula
"A zagaye na biyu, ta doke Steffi Graf 'yar shekara 13, wacce ta fara fitowa a gasar Grand Slam ɗinta na farko, cikin saiti biyu kai tsaye."

## Manazarta
Salihu Tunde Bello

Kanar (Daga baya Birgediya Janar) **Salihu Tunde Bello** ya kasance Mai Gudanarwa a Jihar Kebbi a Najeriya daga watan Disambar shekara ta 1993 zuwa watan Agustan shekarar 1996 a lokacin mulkin soja na Janar Sani Abacha .  A lokacin mulkinsa ya samu ci gaba mai ma’ana a ɓangaren ababen more rayuwa a jihar.  A watan Yulin Shekarar 1999, bayan komawar mulkin dimokuradiyya, an tilasta wa dukkan hafsoshin sojan da suka yi aikin gwamnatocin soja na tsawon watanni shida ko fiye da haka su yi ritaya.  Birgediya-Janar Salihu Bello na cikin waɗanda wannan hukunci ya shafa.

## Membobin ƙungiyar kwararru
A shekara ta 2009 Salihu Bello ya kasance memba a hukumar binciken Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN).

## Manazarta
Elizma Nortje

**Elizma Nortje** (an Haife ta a ranar 1 ga watan Fabrairu 1966) kocin tennis ce ta Namibia kuma ƙwararriyar 'yar wasa.   Ita ce macen Namibia mafi nasara da ta taka rawar gani kuma ita ce ta farko da aka samu matsayi a gasar WTA.  

An haife ta a Windhoek a cikin shekarar 1966, Nortje ta wakilci Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin ƙarama kuma a farkon aikinta na ƙwararru, kafin samun 'yancin kai na Namibiya.  Ta buga wasan tennis na kwaleji a Jami'ar United States International da ke San Diego, tana fafatawa a Gasar NCAA Division I.   A farkon shekarun 1990 ta fito a gasar neman cancantar sau biyu a Wimbledon kuma ta lashe gasa biyu na ITF. 

Nortje ta taɓa zama shugabar kungiyar kwallon Tennis ta Namibia daga shekarun 1996 zuwa 1999 kuma ita ce kyaftin ɗin tawagar Namibia lokacin da ƙasar ta fara buga gasar cin kofin Fed a shekarar 2004. Kwararriyar kociyan ITF Level 3, yanzu ita ce ƙwararriyar 'yar wasan tennis a Kwalejin Tennis ta Van Der Meer da ke South Carolina. 

## Wasannin ƙarshe na ITF

### Sau ɗaya: 1 (0-1)

### Ninki Biyu: 11 (2-9)

## Manazarta
Abdulaziz Laval

**Abdulaziz Laval** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1992) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Najeriya ne, dake taka leda a halin yanzu a kulab ɗin Naftan Novopolotsk.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*  
* Abdulaziz Laval 
* Bayanan martaba a teams.by
Tessa Price

**Tessa Price** (an haife ta a ranar 25 ga watan Maris, 1967) 'yar wasan tennis ce mai ritaya daga Afirka ta Kudu.   Ta halarci gasar Grand Slam huɗu a lokacin aikinta, inda ta kai zagaye na biyu a gasar Australian Open a shekarar 1993, da kuma Wimbledon a shekarar 1994. 

## Wasanni na karshe na ITF

### Sau ɗaya (9-3)

### Ninki Biyu (8-3)

## Manazarta
Suhana Thapa

**Suhana Thapa** (Nepali) 'yar fim ce ta ƙasar Nepal. Ta fara fitowa a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo tare da fim din *A Mero Hajur uku  3*, na nata gidan samarwa.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Thapa mai bautar allahn Hindu Krishna ne . 

## Ayyuka

### Samar da fina-finai
Ta kuma samar da A *Mero Hajur* (2002), *[[A Mero Hajur 3|A Mero Hajur 4]]*">A Mero Hajur 3">A Mero Hajur 2 (2017), A Merohajur 3 (2019) da A Miro Hajur 4 (2022). 

### Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo
Thapa ta fito a matsayin mai zane na yara a cikin *A Mero Hajur* (2002), ta tuna "Eh, *Mero Hajur* shine fim na na farko, amma da kyar na tuna shi tun ina karama."  A cikin prequel na *A Mero Hajur* (2002) ta fito a matsayin jarumar wasan kwaikwayo a *A Mero Hajur 3* (2019) sabanin Anmol KC

## Hotunan fina-finai

## Kyaututtuka

## Manazarta
Elna Reinach

**Elna Reinach** (an haife ta a ranar 2 ga watan Disamba 1968)  tsohuwar 'yar wasan tennis ce ta Afirka ta Kudu.

Tare da Patrick Galbraith, ta lashe gasar US Open gaurayen gasar sau biyu a shekarar 1994. Ta taka leda a gasar Olympics ta lokacin zafi na shekarar 1992. Reinach ta kasance ta biyu a gasar French Open tare da Danie Visser a shekarar 1993. Ɗan uwanta, Fanie, ya horar da ita da 'yar'uwarsu, Monica, da Lori McNeil, Lindsay Davenport, da Laura Gildemeister. Bayan ta yi ritaya a shekara ta 1995, ta haifi 'ya mai suna Lané da wata 'yar mai suna Liezel.

## Gasar ƙarshe ta Grand Slam

### Haɗuwa sau biyu: 2 (1 titles, tazo 1)

## WTA wasan ƙarshe

### Sau ɗaya: 2 ( take 1, 1 ta zo ta biyu)

### Sau Biyu: 19 (titles 10, ta 9)

## Wasannin ƙarshe na ITF

### Sau ɗaya (6-1)

### Ninki Biyu (7-2)

## Manazarta
Yarda Sharma

Ketika Sharma (an haife ta a ranar 24 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1995) 'yar fim ce ta Indiya wacce ta fito da farko a fina-finai na Telugu . An san ta da Romantic (2021) da Ranga Ranga Vaibhavanga (2022) da Bro (2023), wanda shine mafi girman fitowarta.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Sharma a ranar 24 ga Disamba 1995, a New Delhi, Indiya . Sharma ta fara yin samfurin bayan kammala karatunta. Ta gabatar da kanta a matsayin mai tasiri ga zamantakewar al'umma. Sharma ta fara yaduwa a kan kafofin sada zumunta saboda shirye-shiryen bidiyo na Dubsmash.

## Ayyuka
Sharma ta fara yin wasan kwaikwayo tare da Romantic, a cikin 2021 a gaban Akash Puri .  Murali Krishna CH na The New Indian Express ta yi tunanin cewa ta "nuna alkawari". A cikin wannan shekarar, ta kuma bayyana a gaban Naga Shaurya a *Lakshya*, inda masu sukar suka yi tunanin cewa kawai ta kalli "kusan a allon". A cikin 2022, Sharma ya bayyana a cikin *Ranga Ranga Vaibhavanga* a gaban Panja Vaisshnav Tej .  Sangeetha Devi Dundoo ta bayyana cewa "Ayyukan Ketika sun isa ne a cikin fim din da ba ya nuna halayenta sosai".

Sharma ta bayyana a gaban Sai Durgha Tej a fim din 2023, *Bro* .  Fim din ya fito ne a matsayin fim na biyar mafi girma a shekara kuma nasarar kasuwanci ta farko. Balakrishna Ganeshan na The News Minute ya lura, "Ketika ta ba da kyakkyawan aiki a cikin takaitaccen rawar da ta taka. "  Sharma ta fara fim din Hindi a cikin 224, tare da *Vijay 69* .  Devesh Sharma na Filmfare ya lura, "Halin da Ketika ya nuna tsohuwar budurwa ta matashi ya kara da motsin rai".

## Hotunan fina-finai

### Fim din

* *Duk fina-finai suna cikin Telugu sai dai idan an lura da hakan.*

### Bidiyo na kiɗa

## Manazarta
The Harvester

***Harvester*** wani fim ne na ban dariya na shekara ta 1936 na ƙasar Amurka wanda Joseph Santley ya ba da umarni kuma Homer Croy, Robert Lee Johnson, Elizabeth Meehan da Gertrude Orr suka rubuta. Ya dogara ne akan littafin Shekara ta 1911 *The Harvester* na Gene Stratton-Porter, wanda a baya an mayar da shi fim ɗin shiru na 1927 mai taken iri ɗaya . Taurarin fim ɗin Su ne kamar haka: Alice Brady, Russell Hardie, Ann Rutherford, Frank Craven, Cora Sue Collins da Emma Dunn . An saki fim ɗin a ranar 18 ga watan Afrilu, shekara ta 1936, ta Hotunan Jamhuriyar.  

## Makirci
A cikin karkarar Indiana a shekara ta 1890s, manomi David Langston, mutum ne mara aure wanda ya mai da hankali kan aikinsa, an matsa masa ya auri ɗiyar attajirin Misis Biddle, Thelma. Yayin da kawar David marayu, Ruth Jameson, ke ƙauna da shi, David ya yarda ya karɓi buƙatun Misis Biddle kuma ya yarda ya auri Thelma. Bayan ci gaban fasaha sun yi hanyar zuwa garin, Misis Biddle ta yi ƙoƙari ta matsa wa David ya bar aikinsa na noma ya haɗa Hannu da mijinta, Mista Biddle, a cikin sana'ar gidaje. Duk da haka, Mista Biddle, wanda bai gamsu da rayuwarsa ta yanzu, ya gargaɗi David game da sayar da gonar tasa. A halin yanzu, Misis Biddle, a ƙoƙarinta na ganin David's ya auri ’yarta, ya sa ƙanwar Ruth, Naomi, wadda yake ƙauna, a gidan marayu.

Ba da daɗewa ba, kakar Ruth, wadda ta yi hamayya da auren David da Thelma, ta mutu, Dauda da Ruth sun Ƙara kusantar juna, ya sa Dauda ya yi tambaya game da shawararsa, kuma ba da daɗewa ba Misis Biddle ta sa Naomi a gidan marayu. Daga nan David ya fuskanci Misis Biddle a bainar jama'a, kuma da gaba gaɗi ya sanar da aniyarsa ta ɗauki Naomi da kansa. Thelma, ta fusata, ta fasa aurensu, kuma Ruth, David, da Naomi suka sake damuwa,

## Yin wasan kwaikwayo

* Alice Brady a matsayin Misis Biddle
* Russell Hardie a matsayin David Langston
* Ann Rutherford a matsayin Ruth Jameson
* Frank Craven a matsayin Mista Biddle
* Cora Sue Collins a matsayin Naomi Jameson
* Emma Dunn a matsayin Granny Moreland
* Joyce Compton a matsayin Thelma Biddle
* Edward Nugent a matsayin Bert Munroe
* Roy Atwell as Jake Eben
* Spencer Charters a matsayin Stubby Pratt
* Russell Simpson a matsayin Abner Prewett
* Phyllis Fraser a matsayin Gladys
* Fern Emmett a matsayin Miss Sophronia
* Burr Caruth a matsayin Dr. Carey
* Lucille Ward a matsayin Mrs. Griggs
* Harry Bowen a matsayin Carl
* Grace Hayle a matsayin Misis Kramer

## Suka
Wannan karɓuwa na ainihin littafin nan na Shekarar  1911 na Gene Stratton-Porter ya ƙunshi bambance-bambancen ƙira da yawa, waɗanda wasu ke da'awar tauye ingancin fim ɗin gaba ɗaya. Wannan gaskiya ne musamman idan aka yi la’akari da yadda aka sami karɓuwar littafin a wajen bugawa.  A cewar wani bita da jaridar New York Times ta buga, akwai "an yi asarar sauƙi na tsakiya wanda ya sanya littafin ya zama mafi kyawun sayarwa lokacin da aka rubuta shi."  Marubucin wannan bita, wanda aka ambata a matsayin JTM, ya yi iƙirarin cewa fim ɗin ba zai iya zama dai-dai da hangen nesa da Stratton-Porter ya samu lokacin rubuta littafin ba.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*
Kgothatso Montjane

**Kgothatso Montjane** (an haife ta a ranar 3 ga watan Yuni 1986) 'yar wasan tennis ce na keken hannu na Afirka ta Kudu. A cikin shekarar 2024, ta zama bakar fata ta farko a Afirka ta Kudu da ta yi nasara a Wimbledon lokacin da ta lashe gasar wasan keken guragu sau biyu. 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Montjane a Seshego a gefen Polokwane, Limpopo tare da rashin lafiya na haihuwa wanda ya shafi hannayenta biyu da ƙafa tare da ɗayan ƙafar da aka yanke ta shekaru 12. 

## Sana'a

Montjane ƙwararriyar 'yar wasan tennis ce na keken hannu wanda aka sanya ta a cikin manyan 'yan wasa 10 na ITF. Matsayinta mafi girma shine ta kasance 5 a duniya a shekarar 2005.  An naɗa ta a matsayin gwarzuwar ‘yar wasan naƙasassu ta Afirka ta Kudu sau uku, a shekarun 2005, 2011 da 2015.  Montjane tana riƙe da taken (titles) guda 29 kuma ta lashe gasa kamar wasan keken hannu Belgian Open da Swiss Open.   Har ila yau, ta yi nasara a cikin nau'i-nau'i, inda ta yi nasara, da sauransu, Belgian Open a shekarar 2015 tare da Jordanne Whiley.  A cikin shekarar 2013 da 2014, ta shiga cikin matsayi na 3 daga cikin gasa na Grand Slam 4, Australian Open, Roland Garros da US Open, inda ta sami damar kaiwa matakin kwata fainal da na kusa da na karshe a cikin 'yan wasa guda da na kusa da na ƙarshe a duk gasa ta biyu. 

Ta kasance memba a cikin tawagar Afirka ta Kudu a shekarun 2008, 2012 da 2016 Summer Paralympics, amma ba ta iya samun lambar yabo ba.    Bayan kasancewarta 'yar wasan nakasassu, ta kasance 'yar wasan cin kofin duniya ta 2009 da 2011 a Afirka ta Kudu.   

A cikin shekarar 2018, ta sami nasarar cancantar shiga gasar Wimbledon mai daraja, a matsayin mace baƙar fata ta farko ta Afirka ta Kudu da ta yi hakan. A wannan shekarar, ta kuma shiga gasar US Open, don haka ta zama 'yar wasan tennis ta keken hannu ta farko a Afirka da ta samu tikitin shiga gasar Grand Slam guda huɗu a cikin wannan shekarar. 

A cikin shekarar 2021, ta kai wasan ƙarshe na Grand Slam na farko a cikin guda kuma ta ninka sau biyu a Wimbledon. 

A cikin shekarar 2023, ta lashe gasar French Open da US Open na keken hannu tare da abokin tarayya Yui Kamiji. 

## Gasar karshe ta Grand Slam

### Masu keken guragu: 1 (1 wacce ta zo ta biyu)

### Sau biyu na keken guragu: 11 (3 titles, wacce ta zo ta 8)

## Manazarta
Monica Reinach

**Monica Reinach** (an haife ta a ranar 29 ga watan Satumba Shekara ta 1966) tsohuwar 'yar wasan tennis ce daga Afirka ta Kudu.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Wata ƙwararriyar 'yar wasan tennis ce daga Pretoria, Reinach ta yi wasa a gasar  a cikin shekarun 1980. Ita ce 'yar'uwar Elna Reinach, tare da ita ta yi zagaye na 16 na mata biyu a Gasar Wimbledon ta 1986. A shekara ta 1987 ta kai matsayi mafi kyau na sau biyu na 75 a duniya. Ta kasance memba na kungiyoyi uku da suka lashe gasar World TeamTennis, tare da Charlotte Heat a shekarun 1987 da 1988, sannan a San Antonio Racquets a shekarar ta 1989. Raunin data samu a gwiwa ya haifar da ƙarshen ta na wasan tennis.

Ta auri tsohon ɗan wasan tennis na Afirka ta Kudu Christo van Rensburg.  Ma'auratan suna zaune a Austin, Texas.

## Wasannin ƙarshe na ITF

### Ninki Biyu (10-3)

## Manazarta
Nicole Rencken

**Nicole Rencken** (an haife ta a ranar 12 ga watan Yuni 1981) tsohuwar ƙwararriyar 'yar  wasan tennis ce  'yar ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu.

## Sana'a
Rencken ta zo ta biyu a gasar 'yan mata a gasar Australian Open ta shekarar 1999, tare da haɗin gwiwar Natalie Grandin. 

A kan da'irar ƙwararrun, ta kai matsayi mafi kyawun matsayin 283 kuma ta ci taken ITF guda goma a cikin ninki biyu. 

Biyu daga cikin manyan bayyanuwanta na WTA Tour sun kasance sau biyu, a Oklahoma City a cikin shekarar 2001, sannan a shekara mai zuwa a  Madrid Open.

Daga shekarun 2002 zuwa 2004, Rencken ta buga wasan cin kofin Fed tara ga Afirka ta Kudu, gami da wasan rukuni na duniya da Jamhuriyar Czech a shekarar 2003.

## Wasannin na ƙarshe na ITF

### Sau ɗaya: 1 (wacce ta zo na biyu)

### Ninki Biyu: 18 (titles 10, wacce ta zo na 8)

## Duba kuma

* Jerin wakilan tawagar gasar cin kofin Afirka ta Kudu

## Manazarta