Geoff Budlender

Geoffrey Budlender   (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga Mayu 1949) lauya ne na Afirka ta Kudu wanda aka sani da sa hannu a cikin shari'ar jama'a. Ya kafa Cibiyar Harkokin Shari'a, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya har sai an shigar da shi a matsayin mai ba da shawara a shekara ta 2005. A halin yanzu memba ne na ɗan lokaci na Kotun Gasar Hukumar.

Yayinda yake dalibi a Jami'ar Cape Town, Budlender ya shiga cikin gwagwarmayar adawa da wariyar launin fata ta hanyar Ƙungiyar Daliban Afirka ta Kudu. Tare da Arthur Chaskalson da Felicia Kentridge, ya kafa Cibiyar Harkokin Shari'a a 1979 kuma ya zama sananne a matsayin Lauyan kare hakkin dan adam mai ci gaba. Ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya a Cibiyar har zuwa shekara ta 2004, ban da wani lokaci a matsayin darektan janar na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Kasa tsakanin 1996 da 2000. Ya shiga Cape Bar a watan Janairun 2005 kuma ya sami matsayin siliki a shekara ta 2009. Babban aikinsa shine dokar jama'a, gami da dokar haƙƙin ɗan adam, Dokar gudanarwa, da dokar tsarin mulki.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Budlender a ranar 18 ga Mayu 1949 a Port Elizabeth . Ya girma a cikin dangin matsakaicin matsayi a unguwar Mill Park kuma ya yi karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Grey.

A shekara ta 1968, ya shiga Jami'ar Cape Town a matsayin dalibi na likita. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, ya shiga cikin gwagwarmayar dalibai a matsayin daya daga cikin daliban da suka yi zaman kansu a lokacin al'amarin Mafeje. Ya shiga Ƙungiyar Dalibai ta Afirka ta Kudu, wanda a lokacin ya yi tsayayya da wariyar launin fata,  kuma an zabe shi a matsayin shugaban majalisar wakilan ɗaliban jami'ar a shekarar 1971.  A shekara ta 1972, ya sauya daga digiri na likita zuwa karatun shari'a,  kuma ya kammala karatu tare da BA LLB a shekara ta 1975.  Ayyukan ɗalibai na Budlender sun ja hankalin gwamnatin wariyar launin fata, kuma an ce Firayim Minista John Vorster (watakila apocryphally) ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mutumin biyu mafi haɗari a Afirka ta Kudu".  

## Farkon aikin lauya
Bayan kammala karatunsa, Budlender ya yi aiki da labaransa a wani kamfanin lauya na Johannesburg wanda ya kware wajen kare masu gwagwarmayar siyasa; a tsakanin sauran shari'o'in, ya yi aiki a kan kare mai gwagwarmaya da wariyar launin fata Tokyo Sexwale daga tuhumar da aka kawo a karkashin Dokar Ta'addanci.

A shekara ta 1979, shi, Arthur Chaskalson, da Felicia Kentridge sun kafa Cibiyar Harkokin Shari'a, wanda masu ba da gudummawa na waje kamar su Gidauniyar Ford da Kamfanin Carnegie suka goyi bayan farko. Cibiyar ta bi shari'ar jama'a da Shari'ar dabarun a kan wani dalili kuma ta kafa manyan kalubale da yawa ga jihar wariyar launin fata. Bayan Ƙarshen wariyar launin fata, bincike da Hukumar Gaskiya da Sulhu ta yi da kuma shaidar da jami'in gwamnati Paul Erasmus ya yi ya nuna cewa Budlender ya kasance makasudin abin da ake kira Stratcom "dirty tricks" ayyukan a kan mambobin masu adawa da wariyar launin fatar hagu.

## Ayyukan shari'a bayan wariyar launin fata
Bayan Zaben dimokuradiyya na farko na Afirka ta Kudu, an nada Arthur Chaskalson a sabuwar Kotun Tsarin Mulki na Afirka ta Kudu.  Budlender ya maye gurbinsa a matsayin darektan kasa na Cibiyar Harkokin Shari'a tsakanin 1994 da 1996. A wannan lokacin, a cikin 1995, Cibiyar ta wakilci masu shigar da kara a cikin batun *S da Makwanyane*, inda Kotun Kundin Tsarin Mulki ta ba da hukuncin da aka yi cewa hukuncin kisa bai dace da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na wucin gadi ba; Budlender lauya ne mai ba da umarni a kan lamarin a karkashin Lauyan Wim Trengove . 

A shekara ta 1996, Shugaba Nelson Mandela ya nada Budlender a matsayin darakta janar a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Kasuwanci ta Kasa, wanda ke karkashin jagorancin siyasa na Minista Derek Hanekom .  Bayan babban zaben watan Yunin 1999, sabon Minista Thoko Didiza ya sanar da cewa za a maye gurbin Budlender a matsayin darektan janar;  *Mail &amp;amp; Guardian* ya ce zai "bar wani rata da zai zama da wahala a cika",  kuma Helena Dolny na Bankin Land ya ba da shawarar a fili cewa tafiyarsa wani bangare ne na "tsarkakewar kabilanci" na sashen "farar hagu".

A shekara ta 2000, ya koma Cibiyar Harkokin Shari'a a matsayin shugaban sashin shari'ar kundin tsarin mulki, matsayin da ya rike har zuwa shekara ta 2004.  A wannan matsayin, ya kasance lauya ga masu amsa a cikin *Gwamnati da Grootboom* a cikin 2000. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ya wakilci Kamfen ɗin Ayyukan Magunguna a cikin kamfen ɗin don juyar da manufofin kiwon lafiya na gwamnatin Shugaba Thabo Mbeki; a cikin Ministan Lafiya da Kamfen ɗin Magunguna, wanda aka ba da shi a Kotun Tsarin Mulki a cikin 2002, sun sami umarni da ke tilasta wa gwamnati ta samar da nevirapine ga duk matan da ke da cutar kanjamau. Budlender ya kuma wakilci Kamfen ɗin Aiki na Magunguna a cikin yunkurin hana Matthias Rath daga rarraba multivitamins a matsayin magani mai banƙyama ga cutar kanjamau.

### Shigarwa cikin mashaya
Da yake har zuwa wannan lokacin ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya, an shigar da Budlender a cikin Cape Bar a matsayin mai ba da shawara a ranar 18 ga Janairun 2005;  an ba shi matsayin siliki a shekara ta 2009.  A matsayinsa na mai ba da shawara, ya yi jayayya da wasu shari'o'i masu rikitarwa na siyasa, gami da da yawa a Kotun Tsarin Mulki. Daga cikin sauran abokan ciniki, ya wakilci ma'aikatan ma'adinai da Cutar huhu ta shafa a cikin babban karar da aka shigar a kan kamfanonin ma'adanai 32;  mai ritaya Elizabeth Gumede a cikin kalubalantar tsarin mulki na Dokar Amincewa da Al'adun Al'ada;  Black Sash a cikin kamfen dinsa na riƙe Minista Bathabile Dlamini da ke da alhakin Rikicin tallafin zamantakewa na 2017;  da kuma mai fafutuka Andrew Feinstein a lokacin Hukumar Binciken Makamai ta Seriti.

Bugu da kari, a cikin 2012, alƙalin da ya yi ritaya Ian Farlam ya dauki Budlender a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin shaidu guda biyar a kwamishinan bincikensa game da kisan kiyashin Marikana.  Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban shaidu a duk tsawon shekaru biyu na hukumar,   kodayake ya ce a cikin muhawara ta ƙarshe cewa ya sami rashin gaskiya na shaidun hukumar ya zama "mai banƙyama. 

### Kamawa da jihar
A cikin 2017, Tokyo Sexwale, a matsayinsa na shugaban da ba shugaban zartarwa na Trillian Capital Partners ba, ya ba da umarnin Budlender don gudanar da bincike mai zaman kansa game da gaskiyar zargin cewa Trillian yana da alaƙa da dangin Gupta da kuma kamawa. Budlender ya ba da rahoton cewa yawancin zarge-zargen sun kasance masu gaskiya, kuma Sexwale ya yi murabus bayan ya gabatar da shi. Rahoton Budlender ya kuma sanya McKinsey & Company a cikin ma'amala mai ban sha'awa tare da Trillian,  da McKinsey, wanda ake zargi da rashin ba da hadin kai ga binciken Budlender, daga baya ya nemi gafara a bainar jama'a.  A cikin shekara mai zuwa, an ba Budlender umarni don gudanar da irin wannan bincike a ƙungiyoyin jama'a guda biyu - Kamfanin Zuba Jari na Jama'a da Kamfanin Ci gaban Masana'antu - waɗanda kuma ake zargi da shiga cikin kama jihar.

A watan Oktoba na 2019, Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta ci gaba da sanar da cewa za ta ci gaba leken asirin Budlender da wasu manyan masu ba da shawara guda uku - Wim Trengove 'Ngwako Maenetje, da Tembeka Ngcukaitobi - a cikin jagorantar binciken da ya shafi kamawa da gurfanar da jihar. An samaR da R5 miliyan don kudaden shari'a na kowane mai ba da shawara. Bayan wannan sanarwar, Budlender ya bayyana ga Hukumar Shari'a ta Kasa a lokuta da yawa,  kwanan nan a adawa da yunkurin tsohon shugaban kasar Jacob Zuma na cire Billy Downer a matsayin mai gabatar da kara na jihar da aka sanya shi a shari'ar cin hanci da rashawa.  Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Shugaba Cyril Ramaphosa a 2022 lokacin da Busisiwe Mkhwebane ta kalubalanci dakatar da ita daga ofishin Mai Kare Jama'a.

## Neman nadin shari'a
Budlender ya yi aiki a matsayin alƙali na Babban Kotun Afirka ta Kudu a karo na farko a shekara ta 2001, yana aiki a cikin yankin Witwatersrand tsakanin Mayu da Yuni. Bayan haka, ya yi aiki a Babban Kotun Cape na lokuta da yawa da ba a jere ba. A lokuta uku daban-daban, Hukumar Kula da Shari'a ta sanya shi a cikin jerin sunayen kuma ta yi masa tambayoyi don nadin dindindin a benci na Cape;  karo na uku da na karshe ya kasance a ƙarshen 2004, bayan wata hira mai rikitarwa a watan Oktoba. 

A watan Satumbar shekara ta 2009, ya kasance daya daga cikin 'yan takara tara da aka yi hira da su don nadin zuwa wuraren zama a Kotun Tsarin Mulki,  kuma, a lokacin hira da shi, ya ba da shawarar cewa an wuce shi don nadin shari'a a baya saboda sa hannu a cikin shari'ar da gwamnatin Thabo Mbeki ta dauka mai adawa, musamman aikinsa tare da Kamfen ɗin Ayyukan Magunguna.  Hukumar Kula da Ayyuka ta Shari'a ba ta ba da shawarar shi don nadin zuwa Kotun Tsarin Mulki ba.

Rashin amincewar Hukumar Kula da Shari'a don nada Budlender a matsayin alƙali ya kasance batun jayayya, ana bayyana shi akai-akai a matsayin "marasa ma'ana",   kuma ana yawan ambaton shi a matsayin misali na aikace-aikacen da hukumar ta yi na tabbatar da mataki. Tun a farkon shekara ta 2004, ɗan jaridar shari'a Carmel Rickard ya haifar da tashin hankali ta hanyar ba da shawarar cewa rashin nadin Budlender ya nuna cewa an "rufe" benci ga fararen mutane. Ta rubuta a cikin Sunday Times:Babu wani fari a Afirka ta Kudu wanda zai iya daidaita takardunsa. Idan Budlender ba a yarda da shi ba ga hukumar, babu wani lauyan fari da zai iya yin hakan. Lokaci ya yi da Hukumar Kula da Shari'a ta kasance mai gaskiya tare da aikin lauya kuma ta ce bai kamata lauyoyin fararen maza su sake neman matsayi a kan Bench ba.A cikin 2013, kwamishinan Izak Smuts ya yi murabus daga Hukumar Kula da Shari'a, yana mai nuna gazawar hukumar ta yi amfani da "ƙwarewar da aka ɓata" na Budlender, Clive Plasket, da Jeremy Gauntlett.

## Ayyukan jama'a
Budlender ya shiga majalisa ta alma mater, Jami'ar Cape Town, a 2002; ya yi aiki a matsayin shugabanta tsakanin Yuli 2004 da Yuli 2008.  A watan Janairun 2023, an nada shi a matsayin memba na ɗan lokaci na Kotun Gasar Hukumar. 

## Daraja
A watan Oktoba na 2021, Ƙungiyar Lauyoyi ta Duniya ta ba Budlender lambar yabo ta Pro Bono don aikinsa na pro bono a Cibiyar Harkokin Shari'a da sauran wurare.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Shi Bayahude ne kuma yana zaune a Claremont, Cape Town .  Matarsa, Aninka Claassens, masanin ilimin zamantakewa ne a Jami'ar Cape Town; sun hadu a lokacin wariyar launin fata a Driefontein, inda Budlender ke wakiltar al'umma game da tilasta cirewa kuma Claassens yana aiki ga Black Sash. Suna da 'ya'ya hudu da jikoki da yawa. Ɗansa Steven Budlender shi ma mai ba da shawara ne;  ma'aurata sun bayyana tare a Kotun Tsarin Mulki a 2022, suna jayayya a madadin wadanda ake tuhuma a *Mineral Sands Resources v Reddell*. 

## Bayanan da aka ambata