Krabat (littafi)

***Krabat*** wani littafi ne na tatsuniya na 1971 game da jarumin Sorbian mai suna, wanda Otfried Preußler ya rubuta. Littafin ya yi magana ne musamman game da sihirin baƙar fata da kuma jan hankalin mugunta. Sauran jigogi sun haɗa da abota, soyayya, da mutuwa. Ya lashe kyautar Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis ( *Kyautar Adabi ga Matasa* ) a 1972.

## Labari

An kafa shi a farkon karni na 18 a lokacin Babban Yaƙin Arewa, labarin ya biyo bayan rayuwar Krabat, wani yaro ɗan shekara 14 mai bara ɗan Wendish da ke zaune a gabashin Saxony . Tsawon dare uku a jere, an kira shi zuwa wani injin niƙa ruwa kusa da ƙauyen Schwarzkollm ta hanyar mafarki. Bayan ya saurari kiran kuma ya isa injin niƙa, sai ya fara koyon aikin niƙa a matsayin mutumin niƙa . Ba da daɗewa ba ya shiga cikin 'yan'uwantaka ta sirri, wadda ta ƙunshi mutane masu tafiya da masu koyon aiki, kuma ya gano cewa ƙwarewar da aka yi nufin ya koya ta wannan aikin baƙar sihiri ce. Ikon sihiri na farko da Krabat ke samu ba shi da lahani, kamar ikon mayar da kansa hankaka. Sauran abubuwan da suka shafi wannan injin niƙa ruwa sun haɗa da rashin baƙi na waje, gami da manoma waɗanda za su kawo hatsi . Baƙo ɗaya tilo da ya ziyarci injin niƙa shine Goodman ɗaya, wanda wataƙila shaidan ne, kodayake ba a taɓa bayyana wannan a sarari ba.

Babban ɗan tafiya Tonda, babban abokin Krabat kuma ɗan'uwan Krabat, ya mutu, kamar wani haɗari, a ranar Sabuwar Shekara a shekarar farko ta Krabat a masana'antar. Tonda ba shi da wata tsayayya da mutuwarsa. Zargin Krabat na yin ba daidai ba ya ƙara ƙarfi lokacin da wani ɗan tafiya kuma abokinsa, Michal, ya mutu a ranar Sabuwar Shekara mai zuwa. Ba da daɗewa ba ya fahimci cewa maigidan yana da alaƙa da Goodman: dole ne maigidan ya sadaukar da mutum ɗaya kowace shekara a ranar Sabuwar Shekara, ko kuma ya mutu da kansa.

A shekarar Krabat ta uku a injin niƙa, sabon ɗalibin ya zama Lobosch, wani saurayi mai bara wanda Krabat ya saba tafiya tare da shi kafin ya bi umarnin maigidansa zuwa injin niƙa. Ga Lobosch, ya zama kamar "ɗan'uwa" kamar yadda Tonda ya kasance a shekararsa ta farko: yana taimaka wa Lobosch akai-akai ta hanyar kula da ciwonsa a ɓoye kuma yana taimaka masa da aikin tuƙuru, yana ba shi shawara da kuma tuntubarsa idan ya buƙata.

Da yake son ɗaukar fansar mutuwar abokansa, Krabat ya yi horo a ɓoye don ƙara ƙarfin tunaninsa don ya iya ganin ido da ido da maigidan. Juro, wani matafiyi mai ƙwarewa a sihiri wanda ya kasance yana yin wauta don guje wa hankalin maigidan. Yayin da su biyun suka bar injin niƙa a ranar Easter don karɓar "alamar" (tsari inda membobin 'yan'uwa za su kwana a waje a wurin da wani ya mutu da ƙarfi, su yi wa juna alama da alamar kuma su yi alƙawarin yi wa maigidan hidima) Krabat ya fita daga kansa don ganin kuma ya yi magana da ƙaunarsa da aka daɗe ana nema. Wata yarinya daga ƙauyen da ke kusa, mawaƙiyar coci, "Kantorka", wacce ba a taɓa ambaton sunanta ba ("Kantorka" ma'ana kawai 'yar mawaƙiya'). Krabat ya koyi cewa don kawo ƙarshen sihirin, masoyinsa dole ne ya ƙalubalanci maigidan a gare shi; to duk wanda ya rasa ƙalubalen, maigidan ko masoyan biyu, zai mutu. Ubangijin ya ba Krabat wata mafita: Zai yi ritaya ya bar Krabat ya gaji injin niƙa, tare da yarjejeniyar da Goodman; amma Krabat ya ƙi ci gaba da yarjejeniyar mugunta. Don haka ƙalubalen ya ci gaba, kuma aikin yarinyar shine ta bambanta Krabat da sauran matafiyan, duk suna tsaye a jere, yayin da ba zato ba tsammani - aka rufe mata ido. (Sun yi tsammanin zai mayar da su hankaka, amma har yanzu tana iya gani.) Duk da haka, ta sami nasarar gano Krabat saboda gaskiyar cewa yana jin tsoron rayuwarta ne kawai, yayin da sauran ke jin tsoron nasu ne kawai. A ƙarshe, ta ceci Krabat daga mutuwa, kuma su da matafiyan sun tsere daga niƙa. An bar maigidan ya mutu a cikin niƙa mai ƙonewa a ranar Sabuwar Shekara, yayin da waɗanda suka tsira suka rasa duk ƙarfin sihirinsu kuma yanzu sun zama masu niƙa masu sauƙi waɗanda dole ne su ciyar da kansu ta hanyar aiki tuƙuru na yau da kullun.

## Haruffa
Manyan haruffan sune:

* Krabat
* Tonda
* Jagora
* Mutumin Mai Kyau
* Juro
* Witko
* Mikal
* Yarinyar ("Die Kantorka" a cikin Jamusanci na asali)

Jaruman wannan littafin sun nuna bambanci sosai tsakanin nagarta da mugunta. Krabat, soyayyarsa (yarinyar), Tonda, Juro, Witko da Michal suna goyon bayan nagarta, yayin da maigidan masana'anta, Goodman da kuma mutum ɗaya da ya ci amanar 'yan uwansa suna goyon bayan mugunta. Duk da haka, akwai wasu 'yan matafiya kaɗan waɗanda ba su da sha'awar ko kuma ba su da tabbas game da gwagwarmayar da ake ci gaba da yi, kuma ba sa goyon bayan ko adawa da maigidan. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Fassara
Duk da cewa labarin yana da kusanci da labarin Sorbian na Krabat na asali wanda ya samo asali tun ƙarni na 18,  Preußler da kansa ya yi la'akari da shi don ba da labarin kansa, tsararsa, da duk matasa waɗanda suka fuskanci iko da jarabawarsa kuma suka kama shi. 

## Tarihin bugawa a Turanci
An fara buga fassarar Anthea Bell ta Turanci a shekarar 1972 ta Abelard-Schuman a matsayin *The Satanic Mill* .  An buga bugu na baya-bayan nan na wannan fassarar a ƙarƙashin taken daban-daban, ciki har da:

* *Injin Shaiɗan* ( Macmillan, 1973; murfin da aka yi da tauri) 
* *Kamfanin Shaiɗan* (Littattafan Knight, 1974; takarda)
* *Kamfanin Shaiɗan* (Peter Smith Publisher, 1985; mai kauri) 
* *Injin Shaidan* ( Collier Books, 1991; takarda)
* *La'anar Kamfanin Masana'antar Darkling* (Gryphon House, 2000; takarda)
* *Krabat: Tatsuniya ta Injin Shaidan* ( The Friday Project, 2010; takarda)
* *Krabat da Masana'antar Maita* ( Littattafan Bita na New York, 2014; 2024) 

## Daidaitawa
An daidaita labarin a cikin fim ɗin 1978 na Czech mai raye-raye, *Čarodějův učeň* ( *Mai Koyarwar Sorcerer* ), wanda Karel Zeman ya jagoranta.

Ƙungiyar ASP ta fara da sigar waƙa ta labarin, a sassa 12, a shekarar 2006. A shekarar 2008 sun kammala aikin da wani kundin waƙoƙi 15 (a kan faifan CD guda biyu) mai suna *Zaubererbruder* (watau "Mai Sorcerer-Brother").

An sake fasalin fim ɗin Marco Kreuzpaintner na littafin Otfried Preußler, kuma mai suna *Krabat*, a Jamus a ranar 9 ga Oktoba, 2008.

Fim din gidan talabijin na Gabashin Jamus na 1975 *Die schwarze Mühle* ya dogara ne akan wani sabon labari na al'adun gargajiya na Jurij Brězan . An watsa shi akan Fernsehen der DDR mai wasan kwaikwayo na Poland Leon Niemczyk, wanda Norbert Christian, Monika Woytowicz, Herbert Köfer, Uwe Kockisch, da Ernst-Georg Schwill suka yi wa masu kallon talabijin na GDR suna.

A shekara ta 2008 an fitar da sabon fim ɗin Krabat (fim) .

## Wasu littattafai
Krabat kuma ita ce babban hali a cikin littattafai uku, wanda marubucin Sorbian Jurij Brězan ya rubuta, wanda aka buga a shekarar 1968 (wanda aka daidaita shi zuwa fim ɗin gidan talabijin na Gabashin Jamus a shekarar 1975), 1976 da 1993.

## Manazarta