Jean Félix-Tchicaya

**Jean Félix-Tchicaya** ɗan siyasan Kongo ne a ƙasar Faransa ta ƙasar Kongo ta Tsakiya. An haife shi a Libreville a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, 1903, kuma ya kasance memba na gidan sarauta na Masarautar Loango.

A cikin 1945, an zabe shi a matsayin mataimakin farko na Kongo ta Tsakiya da Gabon a Majalisar Dokokin Faransa, kujerar da ya rike har zuwa karshen Jamhuriyyar Faransa ta Hudu. Ya taimaka ya kafa jam'iyyar Kongo Progressive Party (PPC), reshen Kongo na African Democratic Rally, a 1946.

Ya mutu a Pointe Noire a ranar 15 ga Janairu, 1961, ganin abokin hamayyarsa Fulbert Youlou ya sami iko a kan sabuwar Jamhuriyar Kongo.

## Rayuwar farko
An haife shi a Libreville daga fitaccen dangin Bulolo na Kongo na Vili, wanda asalinsa ya fito daga mazaunin Diosso, Jean Félix-Tchicaya ya yi karatu a karamar makarantar gwamnati a Libreville.

Louis Mbouyou Portella, kakansa na ɗaya daga cikin ƴan kasuwa mafi arziki a yankin Loango a lokacin.

A ƙarshen karni na sha tara da farkon karni na ashirin, mutane da yawa daga bakin tekun Kongo-Brazzaville sun ƙaura zuwa Libreville da Grand-Bassam. Haka kuma, har zuwa lokacin samun ‘yancin kai a 1960, ’yan boko na Gabon da Kongo da ma’aikatan farar hula na kokawa akai-akai daga Brazzaville zuwa Libreville.

Saboda haka, Tchicaya mahaifinsa kamar da yawa daga cikin baƙi 'yan'uwanmu, yi aiki a matsayin tela, - wani daraja aiki a wancan lokacin tsakanin Vili mutane kamar tusk sassaƙa-.

A cikin 1918, bisa ga iyawarsa, Tchicaya ya sami gurbin karatu don yin karatu a Ecole William Ponty a tsibirin Gorée, kusa da Dakar, makarantar jama'a da aka fi ɗauka a duk Yammacin Faransa da Afirka Equatorial.

A lokacin zamansa a Dakar daga 1918 zuwa 1921, mataimakan 'yan majalisar dokokin Faransa na nan gaba da kuma manyan jiga-jigan siyasa irin su Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Mamba Sano, sun kasance cikin abokan karatunsa. Lamine Gueye wani mataimakiyar 'yan majalisar Faransa na nan gaba shi ne malaminsu a fannin lissafi.

Da zarar ya kammala karatunsa a cikin 1921 tare da ɗan uwansa Hervé-Mapako Gnali (Mambou Aimée Gnali mahaifinsa), ya zama malamai na Kongo na farko, ya koma Libreville don koyar da darasi a makarantar firamare. Yana bin shawarar mahaifinsa, ya bar wannan matsayi a cikin 1924 don shiga babban aikin layin dogo na Kongo.

## Sana'ar siyasa

### L'Harmonie de Pointe-Noire
Jean Félix-Tchicaya ya kafa kungiyar kade-kade da zamantakewa mai suna 'L'Harmonie de Pointe-Noire' da kuma korafe-korafen da ke da'awar inganta hakki ga 'yan Afirka masu ilimin yamma. Daga cikin nasarorin akwai 'yanci da kuma dawo da Ma-Loango Moe "Kata Matou" AKA Moe Poaty II ko N'Gangue M'Voumbe Tchiboukil, sarkin gargajiya na Vili yana magana da dangin masarautar Loango. Wannan sarki ya hau kan karagar mulki a shekara ta 1923 kuma a shekarar 1926 gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta kore shi saboda maido da dafin bala'i (NKassa cikin harshen Vili). Korar jami'in Faransa wanda aka ga manufofinsa suna cutar da mutanen Vili wata nasara ce ta Tchicaya.

A sakamakon nasarar zaɓen jam'iyyar gurguzu da gurguzu a Faransa a cikin 1936, Tchicaya tana da ikon ƙungiya da haɗin kai don cin gajiyar sauye-sauye masu sauƙi da suka zo ga Faransa Equatorial Africa. Joseph Reste, Gwamnansa Janar ya kafa majalisar gudanarwa mai wasu mukamai ga zababbun wakilan Afirka.

A cikin 1937 da 1939, Tchicaya ya jagoranci yaƙin neman zaɓe na ɗan tseren Vili Louis Oliveira. Wannan ya ba da damar kafa wurin zama na ƴan asalin ƙasar a fagen siyasa ko da yake wannan majalisa ba za ta iya cin karo da mulkin mallaka ba.

Zaben farko na Majalisar Wakilai ta Kasa

A ƙarshen yakin duniya na biyu, Faransa ba ta da jini. Ta hanyar Majalisar Zartarwa, tana kafa sabbin cibiyoyi don farfado da harkokin siyasar kasar. Daga nan sai aka mika wakilcin Faransa zuwa yankunan ketare irin su AEF, wadanda 'yan asalinsu ke da damar zaben wakilai. Yayin da tsofaffin yankuna irin su Indiyawan Yamma ke zabar mataimakan su ta hanyar zaɓe na duniya, FEA (French Equatorial Africa) da FWA (Faransa Yammacin Afirka), suna da kwalejojin zaɓe daban-daban guda biyu: na farko da aka keɓe don ƴan ƙasa na birni kuma na biyu ga waɗanda ba ƴan ƙasa ba. Gabon da Kongo ta Tsakiya, saboda ƙarancin al'ummarsu, sun zama yanki ɗaya na zaɓe don zaɓen memba na wannan kwaleji na biyu.

Yayin da ake ci gaba da korarsu daga sojojin Faransa na mulkin mallaka, manyan mashahuran Pointe-Noire sun tuntubi Jean-Félix Tchicaya, ta hanyar telegram, don neman yankin Gabon-Tsakiya Kongo.

Yayin da ake ci gaba da korarsu daga sojojin Faransa na mulkin mallaka, manyan mashahuran Pointe-Noire sun tuntubi Jean-Félix Tchicaya, ta hanyar telegram, don neman yankin Gabon-Tsakiya Kongo.

A ranar 7 ga Disamba, 1945, bayan zagaye na biyu, aka zaɓi Jean Félix-Tchicaya a matsayin memba na majalisar, inda ya fitar da Jean-Hilaire Aubame, Jacques Opangault, Issembé da François-Moussa Simon.

## Manazarta