open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Chiwetalu Agu

**Chiwetalu Agu** listen ⓘ (an haife shi a shekara ta 1956) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Najeriya.  Ya lashe lambar yabo ta Nollywood a shekarar 2012 don 'mafi kyawun jarumi a cikin fim ɗin 'yan asali (wanda ba Ingilishi ba)'.  Yin amfani da ƙayyadaddun yare, jumloli ko clichés a cikin fina-finai da yawa ya sa ya zama sananne musamman a Najeriya da kuma cikin masu sha'awar Nollywood gabaɗaya.  Yayin da yake tabbatar da cewa nau'ikan wasan barkwanci wani abin hawa ne na musamman wajen hasashe al'adun Najeriya a duniya tare da kafa tambarin Nollywood, Agu yana daya daga cikin fitattun jaruman barkwanci da suka bayar da gudumawa wajen bunkasa nau'ikan barkwanci na Nollywood da Prof. Femi Shaka of the University of Port Harcourt.  Agu ya auri Nkechi kuma yana da ‘ya’ya maza uku da mata biyu.

## Shekarun farko
Kwarewar Agu ta samo asali ne tun lokacin da aka sauya salon wasan kwaikwayo na sabulun talabijin na Najeriya zuwa fina-finan Nollywood . Kafin kafuwar Nollywood, kimanin shekaru 31 da suka gabata, wasan opera na sabulun talabijin ya kasance a kullum, kuma Agu ya fito a gidan talabijin na Channel 8 Enugu na *Ikoro*, wanda Joe Onyekwelu ya shirya. Ya kuma fito a cikin ETV Channel 50, yanzu *ESBS* .  a cikin sabulu kamar *Baby Come Now* da *Ripples* (a Legas ), wanda ɗan'uwan Chico Ejiro, Zeb ya samar; A karshen ya taka halin Cif Abunna.

## Filmography
Akwai rikodin aƙalla kusan fina-finai 150 waɗanda aka jefa Agu a cikinsu. 

## Bidiyo

## Rigingimu
Agu ya tayar da cece-kuce tare da tsokaci inda ya ce zai yi aiki a kan farashi mai kyau  kuma ya bayyana cin zarafi da ake zargin a Nollywood a matsayin wani lamari da ya zama babban al'amari. Ya kara da cewa "'yan fim na Nollywood suna da baiwa".  Duba kuma hira a cikin *[[:en:The_Daily_Independent_(Lagos)|Daily Independent]].* 

A ranar 7 ga Oktoba, 2021, sojoji sun kama Chiwetalu Agu a gadar Iweka a Onitsha, kuma   ya kwana a tsare kafin shugaban kungiyar 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ta Najeriya ya tabbatar da sakin shi daga hannun sojojin Najeriya  bayan tambayoyi. An kama shi ne bayan an gan shi sanye da kayan da ke nuna tutar Biafra.

## Nadin sarauta

* A cikin lambar yabo na fina-finan Nollywood na farko a 2012: An zabi Agu a matsayin 'fitaccen jarumin fim din 'yan asalin kasar saboda rawar da ya taka a Nkwocha . 
* Zulu African Film Academy Awards (ZAFAA London) 2011: Matsayin Agu a cikin *The Maidens* ya sa aka zaɓe shi a matsayin 'fitaccen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo'. 
* A cikin 2008 na 4th shekara-shekara na 4th African Movie Academy Awards saboda rawar da ya taka a *[[Across the Niger]]* Agu an zabi shi don 'fitaccen ɗan wasa a cikin rawar tallafi'.

## Kyauta

* Agu shine wanda ya lashe kyautar Nollywood Movie Awards na 2012 na 'mafi kyawun jarumi a cikin wani fim na asali: wanda ba yaren Ingilishi' saboda rawar da ya taka a *[[Jerin Finafinan Najeriya|Nkwocha]]* . 

## Nassoshi
Jérôme Cohen-Olivar

**Jérôme Cohen-Olivar** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1964) darektan fim ne na ƙasar Moroko-Faransa, wanda aka fi sani dalilin fim ɗin sa *[[Kandisha (fim 2008)|Kandisha]]* (2008), fim wanda aka yi wahayi na tatsuniyar Aicha Kandicha.

## Rayuwa
Cohen-Olivar galibi ya girma ne a Maroko, inda ya yi fina-finai, kafin ya koma Los Angeles. *Susan Susan*, ɗan gajeren fim ɗinsa na farko, ya kasance mai ban sha'awa game da shige da fice na asirce zuwa Amurka, wanda Disney ya saya akan $300,000. 

*The Midnight Orchestra*, wani wasan barkwanci da aka yi kan labarin wani mutum da ya je ƙasar Maroko domin farfado da ƙungiyar makada ta mahaifinsa, ya yi nazari kan abubuwan da Yahudawa suka yi na barin ƙasar Maroko.  Ya lashe lambar yabo na Jury na Ecumenical a bikin Fim na Duniya na Montreal a 2015. 

## Ayyuka
* *Susan Susan*, 1987 (short)
* *Cool Crime*, 1999
* *[[Kandisha (2008 film)|Kandisha]]*, 2008
* *The Midnight Orchestra* (L'orchestre de minuit), 2015
* *The 16th Episode* / *Little Horror Movie*, 2018

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin Hadi na waje
* Jerome Cohen-Olivar Discusses ‘Little Horror Movie’, *Horror News Network*, 5 November 2018.
St. John Legh Clowes

**St. John Legh Clowes** (1907–1951) marubuci ne kuma darekta ɗan Afirka ta Kudu.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Clowes ya rubuta wasan kwaikwayo *Dear Murderer* wanda aka mayar da shi fim.

Iyayensa - Kyaftin Philip Cecil Clowes da Daphne Scholz, sun yi aure a birnin Cape Town a 1903. (Yar'uwar Daphne Avice ta auri ɗan wasan kwaikwayo / marubuci Roland Pertwee a cikin 1911.) Kakansa, kuma mai suna, ya auri Elizabeth Caroline Bingham, 'yar Denis Arthur Bingham, Baron Clanmorris na 3.  Kawar mahaifinsa ita ce marubuciya Elinor Mordaunt.

Clowes ya mutu a London a 1951.

## Fina-finai
**[[Frozen Fate]]* (1929) – writer
**[[Grand Prix (1934 film)|Grand Prix]]* (1934) – writer, director
**[[Soldier, Sailor]]* (1944) – writer
**[[Battle for Music]]* (1945) – writer
**[[Dear Murderer]]* (1947) – original play
**[[Things Happen at Night]]* (1948) – producer, writer
**[[No Orchids for Miss Blandish (film)|No Orchids for Miss Blandish]]* (1948) – writer, director

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin Hadi na waje
*
*St John Legh Clowes at TCMDB
Lorenzo Menakaya

**Lorenzo Menakaya** ɗan Najeriya ne a kan iska, ɗan wasa, mai shirya taron,  mai shirya fina-finai  kuma mawaƙa.  Ya sami nadin nadi don On-Air Personality (OAP) na shekara a The Future Awards Africa (TFAA) 2011  da 2012;  kuma ya lashe lambar yabo na Fitaccen Mai Gabatar da Gidan Rediyo a Kyautar Ma'aikatan Watsa Labarai na Najeriya 2016.  Ya kuma karbi bakuncin lambar yabo ta Fina-finan Afirka, 2019.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Tochukwu Lorenzo Uzonna Menakaya zuwa daular Menakaya na Umunya a jihar Anambra, Najeriya. Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Jami’ar Najeriya, Nsukka; Menakaya ya karanci Addini ne a Jami'ar Najeriya kafin ya samu takaitaccen horo kan yada labarai daga Institut Panos Afrique de l'Ouest (PANOS Institute West Africa), Dakar, Senegal da Institute for Media and Society, Lagos Nigeria.  Ya yi rikodin gajeren fim ɗinsa na farko **Sundown Tale** a cikin 2015 kuma a cikin 2019, ya fito da fim ɗinsa na farko na Fim **ɗin Talakawa**   tare da Ikenna Aniekwe. A shekarar 2019, ya kasance daya daga cikin wadanda suka karbi lambar yabo ta 15th Africa Movie Academy Awards tare da 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Kemi Lala Akindoju da mai ban dariya Funnybone.  Ya taka rawar Ubong akan Trace TV 's Crazy, Lovely, Cool.

## Kyauta

## Filmography

### Fim

### Talabijin

### Bidiyon kiɗa

## Nassoshi
Ahmed Rachedi (darektan fim)

**Ahmed Rachedi** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1938) darektan fina-finan Aljeriya ne kuma marubucin allo. An zaɓe shi don lambar yabo ta Academy don Mafi kyawun Hotuna na fim ɗin *Z* (1969), wanda ya taimaka wajen samarwa. Fim ɗinsa na 1971 *[[L'Opium et le Bâton (fim)|L'Opium et le Bâton]]* an shigar da shi cikin bikin Fim na Duniya na Moscow na 7th.  Fim ɗinsa na 1981 *[[Ali in Wonderland|Ali a Wonderland]]* ya sami lambar yabo ta musamman a bikin fina-finai na ƙasa da ƙasa na Moscow karo na 12. 

## Filmography

* *[[L'Opium et le Bâton (fim)|L'Opium da Bâton]]* (1971)
* *[[Ali in Wonderland]]* (1981)
* *C'était la guerre* (1993, haɗin gwiwa tare da Maurice Failevic)

## Manazarta
Zaki Fatin Abdel Wahab

**Zaki Fatin Abdel Wahab** (   ; 18 Fabrairu 1961 - 20 Maris 2022  ) ɗan wasan Masar ne kuma darektan fina-finai.  

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi dan mawakiya kuma yar wasan kwaikwayo Leila Mourad kuma daraktar fim Fatin Abdel Wahab a ranar 18 ga watan Fabrairun 1961. Ya kammala karatu daga Sashen Darakta na Cibiyar Cinema Higher Alkahira a shekarar 1983.

Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin darekta na biyu a cikin fim din People on the Top (1981) kuma a matsayin mataimakin darekta a yawancin fina-finan Youssef Chahine, ciki har da The Sixth Day (1986), inda ya fara halarta a karon a matsayin ɗan wasa.  A shekarar 1996, Zaki ya shirya fim dinsa mai suna "Romantica", wanda ya kasance tarihin rayuwarsa ne a fim din.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Zaki ya auri jaruma Soad Hosny, bayan ta rabu da jarumin fim Ali Badrakhan . Sai dai sun rabu bayan dan watanni da auren, kuma Zaki ya bayyana a wata hira fiye da daya dalilin adawar mahaifiyarsa. Ya mutu a ranar 20 ga watan Maris 2022 bayan ya yi fama da cutar kansar huhu.  

## Fina-finan da aka zaɓa
Dan wasan kwaikwayo

### Fina-finai
* *[[The Sixth Day (film)|The Sixth Day]]* (1986) as Anwar Wagdy
* *[[Alexandria Again and Forever]]* (1989) as Guindi
* *[[Mercedes (1993 film)|Mercedes]]* (1993)
* *[[I Love Cinema]]* (2004)

### Talabijin
*  *[[Ruby (2012 TV series)|Ruby (TV series)]]* (2012)

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin Hadi na waje
*
Raúl Correia Mendes

**Raúl Augusto Leiro Correia Mendes** (1949-2015) ɗan jaridar gidan talabijin ne na Angola kuma mai shirya fina-finai. Ya yi aiki da Televisão Pública de Angola (TPA) a matsayin mai ɗaukar hoto, edita, mai gabatarwa da darekta.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Raúl Correia Mendes  ranar 3 ga watan Satumba, 1949, a Luanda. Ya fara aikinsa na ƙwararru a matsayin mai shirya shirye-shiryen talabijin a TVA a cikin 1972, yana aiki akan wasanni, kiɗa da shirye-shiryen labarai. A cikin 1974 ya shiga Televisão Pública de Angola, kuma yana cikin tawagar da ta fara watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin na hukuma a Angola. 

Ya mmutu a Luanda a cikin Maris 2015. Ministan Sadarwa na Angola José Luís de Matos, yya ba da sanarwar jjama'a don tunawa da sshi. 

## Fina-finai
* *Algodão*, 1977
* *Sahara a coragem vem no vento*. Short documentary, 1977.
* *Bom Dia Camarada*, 1978
* *O Ouro branco de Angola*, 1978
* *Louanda Luanda*, 1980
* *O Encontro*, 1980
* *O Legado do Gigante*, 1980
* *A Nossa Musica*, 1980
* *Kitala*, 1982
* *Jidanti Jimba*, 1982

## Manazarta
Karim Moussaoui

**Karim Moussaoui** darektan fina-finai ne na Aljeriya, marubucin allo, mai ɗaukar hoto kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo wanda aka haife shi a Jijel, Algeria, a cikin shekarar 1976.    

## Filmography
Fina-finan Moussaoui sun haɗa da:  

## Kyautattuka
Fina-finan Moussaoui sun sami kyaututtuka 6 da zaɓe 10, gami da: 

## Manazarta
Ordinary Fellows

***Ordinary Fellows*** Fim din wasan kwaikwayo ne mai zuwa na 2019 na Najeriya wanda Lorenzo Menakaya da Ikenna Aniekwe suka shirya. Taurarinsa Wale Ojo, Ken Erics, Chiwetalu Agu da kuma Somadina Adinma. Labari ne na Matasa da Rashin Natsuwa, wanda ya saba wa koma bayan ilimin Najeriya da tatsuniyoyi na Afirka. Yana da farkonsa na duniya a Detroit, Michigan a ranar 17 ga Agusta 2019, a Bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na Afirka,  inda aka gane shi a matsayin Mafi kyawun Jagora. Ya kasance Fairmont farkonsa na Afirka a ranar 28 ga Satumba 2019 a Haske, Kamara, Afirka! Bikin Fina-Finai a Lagos, Nigeria.

## Yin wasan kwaikwayo

* Wale Ojo *a matsayin Farfesa Jega*
* Somadina Adinma *as DJ Cash*
* Oluchi Amajuoyi *as Ify*
* Chiwetalu Agu *a matsayin Mista Mgbu*
* Ezinna Offor *as Geraldine*
* Ken Erics *as Ekene*
* Martins "MC4God" Neboh *a matsayin Boogie*
* Chen Emmanuel *as Gozie*
* Diamond Okoh *as Ada*
* Vivian Nwabueze *a matsayin Dilichukwu*
* Nnamdi Agbo *as Cee Jay*
* Uzoamaka Onuoha *as Efya*
* Nnamdi Kanaga *as Nnamdi*

## Kyauta

## Nassoshi
Harshen Oruma

**Oruma** na ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan harsuna uku na Inland Ijaw na Najeriya. A cewar Ethnologue, ba mai fahimta sosai tare da wasu nau'ikan Inland Ijaw ba.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Yaren Pambia

**Pambiya** (Apambia) yare ne na Zande da ake magana a arewa maso gabashin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Penange Dogon

**Penange Dogon** yare ne na Dogon da ake magana a Mali . Yana kusa da Ampari. Prokhorov  ya fara bayyana yaren a matsayin bambanci a cikin 2011.

Masu magana  Penange Dogon suna zaune a ƙauyen Pinia (*Pená)* ) a cikin Bandiagara Cercle kuma suna kiran kansu péná nógè, "mutane na Pinia

## Manazarta
Amin Sidi-Boumédiène

**Amin Sidi-Boumédiène,** (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga watan Maris shikara na 1982), ɗan Faransa da Aljeriya  ne mai shirya fina-finai na Aljeriya. An fi saninsa da daraktan gajeriyar yabo ta *Al Djazira* da fim *Abou Leila*. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An haife shi a ranar 5 ga watan Maris 1982 a Paris, Faransa.  Duk da haka, daga baya ya girma a Algiers, Algeria.  Ya koma Faransa kuma ya karanci ilmin sinadarai bayan baccalauréat.

## Sana'a
Ya sami digiri a cikin jagorancin fim daga Conservatoire Libre du Cinéma Français (CLCF) a Paris a shekarar 2005.  Sannan ya yi gajeren fim dinsa *[[Tomorrow, Algiers?|na Tomorrow Algiers?]]* a shekarar 2011.   An zaɓi fim ɗin a cikin bukukuwan fina-finai na duniya da yawa. Sannan ya yi gajeriyar fim ɗinsa na biyu *Al Djazira*, wanda aka yi fim a Algiers a watan Yulin 2012.  Ya lashe kyautar mafi kyawun fina-finan Larabawa a bikin fim na Abu Dhabi.  

A cikin shekarar 2014, ya jagoranci gajeriyar *Serial K.* na uku. An nuna fim ɗin a kwanakin fim na Bejaia. Bayan jerin gajerun fina-finai masu nasara, ya yi fim ɗinsa na farko, *Abou Leila*, fim mai duhu.  An nuna shi gaba ɗaya a ƙasarsa ta Algeria.  An fitar da fim ɗin a gidajen kallo a ranar 15 ga Yuli 2020.  Hakanan an nuna shi a baya a sashin Makon Masu suka na 58 a bikin Fim na Cannes na 2019.  A watan Nuwamba 2019, fim ɗin ya sami lambar yabo don Mafi kyawun Fim na Farko na Darakta a bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na 50th na Indiya.

## Filmography

## Duba kuma

* Bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na 50 na Indiya
* 2019 Cannes Film Festival

## Manazarta
Harshen Rimba

**Rimba** (Irimba) shine yaren da ake magana da shi na mutanen Babongo-Rimba pygmies na Gabon.  Ana ɗaukarsa yaren Punu, yana iya adana ainihin ƙamus na Bantu, don haka ya kamata a ɗauka a matsayin mai ra'ayin mazan jiya ba tare da rarraba ba.

## Bayanan da aka ambata

* "Ga sabon rarrabuwa na harsunan Afirka", Gudummawar Harshe ga Tarihin Afirka ta Kudu, Jami'ar Lyons
Youssef Hesham

**Youssef Hesham** (  ; an haife shi 27 Yuli 1985) darektan fina-finan Masar ne.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Hesham ya kammala karatun digiri ne a Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Misr,  inda ya karanta watsa shirye-shiryen ya kuma karanta daraktan fina-finai tare da haɗin gwiwar Jami'ar Amurka da ke Alkahira. Ya fara aikinsa a matsayin edita, darakta mai zaman kansa da kuma wasu lokuta a matsayin mataimakin darakta a fina-finai na Masar da na waje da wasu tallace-tallace. Ya fara ba da Umarni kai tsaye a shekarar 2003 tare da gajerun fina-finai da shirye-shiryen da suka ja hankalinsa a matsayinsa na darakta tare da samun wasu kyaututtuka da muƙamai a bukukuwan duniya. Ya jagoranci fasalinsa na farko a cikin 2009 yana da shekaru 24 yyana mai da shi mafi ƙarancin darekta a tarihin cinematic Masar.

## Fina-finai

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin Hadi na waje
*
Harsunan Kenya

Kenya is a multilingual country. 
Manyan Harsunan Kenya kuda biyu, Swahili and English sune akafi amfani dasu lingua francas; duk da haka, gami da masu magana da yare na biyu, Swahili an fi jin Turanci fiye da Ingilishi. Swahili shine harsunan  Bantu language na asalin gabacin Afrika da turacin da aka gada daga turawa British colonial rule.

## Bayani

According to *Ethnologue*, there are a total of 68 languages spoken in Kenya. This variety is a reflection of the country's diverse population that includes most major ethnoracial and linguistic groups found in Africa (see Languages of Africa). 

Languages spoken locally belong to three broad language families: Niger-Congo (Bantu branch) and Nilo-Saharan (Nilotic branch), spoken by the country's Bantu, Nilotic populations and the  Cushitic, Afroasiatic language family respectively. The Arab ethnic minority speak languages belonging to the separate Afroasiatic family, with the Hindustani and British residents speaking languages from the Indo-European family.

Kenya's various ethnic groups typically speak their mother tongues within their own communities. The two official languages, English and Swahili, are used in varying degrees of fluency for communication with other populations. Today, **English** is the official language in Kenya, while **Swahili** enjoys the status of the national language.

British English is primarily used in Kenya. Additionally, a distinct local dialect, Kenyan English, is used by some communities and individuals in the country, and contains features unique to it that were derived from local Bantu languages such as Kiswahili and Kikuyu. It has been developing since colonisation and also contains certain elements of American English. English is widely spoken in commerce, schooling and government. Peri-urban and rural dwellers are less multilingual, with many in rural areas speaking only their native languages.

## Harsuna da Dangoginsu

### Manyan Harsuna

The 2019 census reports the largest communities of native speakers in Kenya as follows:

*Bantu
**Kikuyu 8.1 million
**Kamba 4.7 million
**Luhya 10 million
***(incl. Bukusu 1.2 million)
**Gusii 2.7 million
**Meru 2.0 million
**Mijikenda/Giriama ca. 1 million
*Nilotic
**Dholuo 5.0 million
**Kalenjin languages 4.6 million
***(Kipsigis 1.9 million, Nandi 940,000)
**Maasai  1.2 (1.9 million including Tanzania)
**Turkana 1.0 million
*Cushitic
** Oromo (over 48 million incl. Ethiopia)
*** Borana, 3.4 million speakers in 2010
*** Orma, 659,000 speakers in 2015
**Somali 2.8 million (22 million incl. Ethiopia and Somalia)

### kananan Harsuna
Languages spoken by the country's ethnic minorities include:

*Afroasiatic languages
**Cushitic
***Rendille, 60,000 speakers in 2015
**Semitic
***Arabic
*Indo-European
**Hindi
**English
*Bantu
**Swahili

## Manazarta

## External links
*Linguistic map of Kenya at Muturzikin.com
*''Ethnologue'' page for Kenya
*National Public Radio story about Kisii language from *All Things Considered* program, April 29, 2006
*PanAfriL10n page on Kenya
Harsuna Talodi-Heiban

**Harsunan Talodi–Heiban** Reshe ne da aka tsara na dangin Nijar–Congo, wanda ake magana a tsaunin Nuba na Sudan . Harsunan Talodi da Heiban ana tsammanin suna da alaƙa da Dimmendaal,  kodayake *Glottolog* 4.4 bai yarda da haɗin kai na Talodi – Heiban ba yana jiran ƙarin shaida. 

## Rarraba
Roger Blench (2016) ya lura cewa rassan Talodi da Heiban suna da kamanceceniya da yawa, amma kaɗan kamanceceniya. Blench (2016) ya ɗauki Talodi da Heiban a matsayin kowannensu dabam, rassan Nijar da Kongo masu zaman kansu waɗanda daga baya suka haɗu saboda hulɗar juna.

Talodi da Heiban kowannensu ya kafa rukuni na reshen Kordofanian Niger–Congo wanda Joseph Greenberg ya kafa (1963); Ana kuma kiran Talodi Talodi-Masakin, kuma ana kiran Heiban Koalib ko Koalib–Moro. Roger Blench ya lura cewa iyalai Talodi da Heiban suna da tsarin tsarin suna na Atlantic-Congo core na Niger-Congo, amma harsunan Katla (wani reshe na Kordofanian) ba su da alamar samun irin wannan tsarin. yayin da harsunan Kadu da wasu daga cikin yarukan Rashad da alama sun sami azuzuwan suna a matsayin wani ɓangare na *Sprachbund ,* maimakon sun gaji su. Ya ƙarasa da cewa harsunan Kordofanian ba su kafa ƙungiyar asali ba, amma Talodi–Heiban ita ce ginshiƙi na Nijar – Kongo, yayin da Katla da Rashad suka zama reshe na gefe (ko watakila rassa) tare da layin Mande . Harsunan Kadu na iya zama Nilo-Saharan .
 

* † = bacewa

Lafoda (Tegem), wani lokacin ana rarrabe shi azaman harshen Talodit, yana da ƙungiyar da aka samu daban-daban tare da sauran reshen Nijar-Congo.

### Norton & Alaki (2015)
Norton & Alaki (2015: 76, 126) classify the Talodi languages as follows. Proto-Talodi, Proto-Lumun-Torona, and Proto-Narrow Talodi have also been reconstructed by Norton & Alaki (2015).

## Dangantaka
Wasiku na lexical tsakanin Proto-Heiban da Proto-Talodi bisa ga Blench (2016): 

Kwatanta prefix na aji tsakanin Proto-Heiban da Proto-Talodi bisa ga Blench (2016): 

## Duba kuma

* Mutane da sunan Heiban Nuba
* Mutane da sunan Talodi
*  (Wiktionary)
*  (Wiktionary)

## Bayanan kula


* Roger Blench. Ba a buga ba. Kordofanian da Nijar–Congo: sabbin kuma sabbin shedar kamus  .
* Roger Blench, 2011, Ya kamata a raba Kordofanian?  , Taron Nuba Hills, Leiden
* Blench, Roger. 2016. Shin Heiban da Talodi sun kafa rukunin kwayoyin halitta kuma yaya suke da alaka da Nijar-Congo? .
Harsunan Samogo

**Harsunan Samogo** ƙaramin rukuni ne na yarukan Mande na Mali da Burkina Faso.
 Sunan *Samogo* ko *Samogho* kalma ce ta Jula da Bambara don harsunan Mande da yawa waɗanda ba lallai ba ne su samar da clade, gami da Harsunan Samo.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Fatma Zohra Zamoum

**Fatma Zohra Zamoum** (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Janairu 1967) marubuciya ce ta Franco-Algeriya, mai shirya fina-finai kuma malama. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Zamoun a Bordj Menaïel a arewacin Aljeriya, a cikin sanannun iyali wanda kakanninsu Omar ben Zamoum da Mohamed ben Zamoum ne. Bayan  ta halarci Makarantar Fine Arts a Algiers (1985-1988), ta tafi Paris inda ta kammala karatu a Cinematography da Audiovisual Studies daga Sorbonne a shekarar 1995.  Ta raba lokacinta tsakanin Algiers da Paris, tana bin manyan abubuwan da take so, zane, fiction da sinima.

*[[Z'har]]* (2009) shine fim ɗin farko na Zamoun, wanda ke nuna al'amuran tashin hankalin da Algiers suka fuskanta a cikin shekarar 1990s.  A cikin shekarar 2005, ta jagoranci ɗan gajeren fim ɗin almara *La Pelote de Laine* kuma ta rubuta littattafai da yawa ciki har da *Comment j'ai fumé tous mes livres* (2006).  A shekara ta 2011, ta ba da umarni kuma ta fito da wani fim na biyu mai suna *Kedach Ethabni* (Combien tu m'aimes) wanda ke ba da labarin yadda ɗan ƙaramin Adel yake jimre wa lokacin da ya yi da kakarsa bayan da iyayensa suka rabu.  Ta ba da umarni kuma ta shirya tun daga lokacin "Azib Zamoum, Labari Game da Ƙasa", a cikin shekarar 2014  Kuma a cikin 2019, ta sami ƙaramin fim ɗin almara na kasafin kuɗi mai suna PARKOUR (S)  da kuma wani fim ɗin da ba a fito da shi ba: *Jiki + Art* .

## Ayyuka
* 1995: *Photos de voyages*, documentary
* 1996: *Leçon de choses*, documentary
* 1999: *À tous ceux qui partent*, novel 
* 2003: *Le Vingtième Siècle dans la peinture algérienne*, historical work and expertise
* 2004: *La Maison de Roy Azdak*, documentary
* 2005: *La Pelote de laine*, documentary
* 2006: *Comment j'ai fumé tous mes livres*, novel
* 2009: *[[Z'har]]* (Un)Lucky, experimental film
* 2009: *Le Docker noir, documentary
* 2012: *Kedach Ethabni* or *How Big Is Your Love'', feature film
* 2014 : "Azib Zamoum, A story About Land", docu drama for Tv and cinema
* 2019 : "PARKOUR(S), a feature length fiction
* 2019 : BODY + ART, a documentary feature length

## Duba kuma

* Umar bin Zamum
* Mohammed bin Zamum

## Manazarta
Yaren Serer

**Serer**, sau da yawa ya rabu zuwa yarukan yanki daban-daban kamar **Serer-Sine** da Serer saloum, yare ne na reshen Senegambian na dangin Nijar-Congo wanda mutane miliyan 1.2 ke magana a Senegal da 30,000 a Gambiya tun daga shekara ta 2009.  Ita ce babbar yaren Mutanen Serer, kuma ita ce yaren masarautun zamani na farko na Sine, Saloum, da Ba'ol.

## Rarraba
Serer yana daya daga cikin Harsunan Senegambian, waɗanda ke da halayen maye gurbi. Rarrabawar gargajiya  Harsunan Atlantic shine na Sapir (1971), wanda ya gano cewa Serer ya fi kusa da Fulani. Koyaya, kuskuren da aka ambata a ko'ina game da bayanan da Wilson (1989) ya musanya Serer ga Wolof ba tare da saninsa ba.Harsunan Serer sune Serer Sine (harshen mai daraja), Segum, Fadyut-Palmerin, Dyegueme (Gyegem), da Niominka . Suna iya fahimtar juna sai dai Sereer da ake magana a wasu yankunan da ke kewaye da birnin Thiès.

## Fasahar sauti

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi
Sautunan  ba su da murya sune sautunan da suka saba da su.

### Sautin sautin

## Tsarin rubuce-rubuce
Serer a yau an rubuta shi da farko a cikin haruffa na Latin. An daidaita haruffa na Latin a cikin dokoki daban-daban na gwamnati, wanda aka bayar da sabon a shekara ta 2005. 

Koyaya, a tarihi, kama da Harshen Wolof, tsarin rubuce-rubucensa na farko shine daidaita rubutun Larabci. Ana amfani da rubutun Larabci a yau, duk da cewa a cikin karami, kuma galibi an iyakance shi ga malamai da ɗaliban makarantar Islama.  ila yau, gwamnati ta kafa rubutun Serer na Larabci, tsakanin 1985 da 1990, kodayake ba a taɓa karɓar doka ba, saboda ƙoƙarin da ma'aikatar ilimi ta Senegal ta yi ya zama wani ɓangare na ƙoƙarin daidaita ƙasashe da yawa. Ana kiran rubutun "Serer Ajami script" (A cikin Serer: ajami seereer, اَجَمِ سـير)  

### Harshen Serer Latin

### Rubutun Serer Ajami
Akwai haruffa 29 a cikin rubutun Serer Ajami. Jerin  ya haɗa da ƙayyadaddun da ake amfani da su kawai a cikin kalmomin aro na Larabci kuma ba sa faruwa a cikin kalmomin Serer, kuma ba ya haɗa digraphs da aka yi amfani da su don nuna ƙayyadadden ƙayyadamuran da aka yi.
Chouchou (fim)

***Chouchou*** wani fim ne na barkwanci na Faransa da Aljeriya a shekara ta 2003 game da wani maghrebin mutumin da ya zauna a birnin Paris don neman ɗan uwan sa. Fim ɗin ya fito da Gad Elmaleh a matsayin mai suna Chouchou, wanda aka ba shi kyautar César Award don Mafi kyawun Actor.

## Ƴan wasa
*Gad Elmaleh : Chouchou 
*Alain Chabat : Stanislas 
*Claude Brasseur : Father Léon
*Roschdy Zem :  Brother Jean
*Catherine Frot : Nicole Milovavovich
*Julien Courbey : Yekea  
*Catherine Hosmalin : Madame Armand
*Micheline Presle : Stanislas's Mother
*Jacques Sereys : Stanislas's Father
*Arié Elmaleh : Vanessa 
*Yacine Mesbah : Djamila 
*Jean-Paul Comart : Inspector Molino 
*Anne Marivin : The seller

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* 
* Chouchou at AllMovie
* ''Chouchou'' on AlloCiné 

## Manazarta
Sere harsuna

**Harsunan Sere** (wanda kuma ake kira *Ndogoic* ko *Sere-Ndogo*) iyali ne da aka tsara na yarukan Ubangian da ake magana a Sudan ta Kudu da Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo . Da yawa suna cikin haɗari ko kuma sun ƙare. Harshen Sere mafi yawan jama'a shine Ndogo na Sudan ta Kudu, tare da kimanin masu magana 30,000.

al'adance an rarraba su a matsayin wani ɓangare na yarukan Sere, Feroge-Mangayat da Indri-Togoyo na iya zama ƙungiyoyi daban-daban waɗanda bazai kasance cikin Sere ba.

## Harsuna
A Ethnologue 26, tsarin iyali kamar haka:
 
A cikin *Glottolog* v4.8, tsarin iyali kamar haka: 
 
Kodayake harsunan Sere-Bviri suna da alaƙa da juna, ba a bayyana ba idan suna da alaƙar Feroge-Mangayat da Indri-Togoyo. Harsunan Indri-Togoyo  suka ƙare kwanan nan suna da sunayen da ke kama da Nijar-Congo, kuma ba su da kama da na sauran harsuna.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Yaren Sembla

Sembla, ko **Seenku**, yare ne na Yammacin Mande a cikin Ƙungiyar Samogo ta Burkina Faso . Yaren arewa da kudanci, Timiku da Gbeneku, suna da sauƙin fahimta

Harshen kuma an san shi da Samogho da "Southern Samo", wanda kuma shine sunan ɗayan yarukan Samo.

## Ƙarin karantawa

## Bayanan da aka ambata
On a Bicycle

**''On a Bicycle** (Take na asali: À bicyclette)'' wasan kwaikwayo ne na Faransa da Aljeriya da aka shirya shi a shekarar 2001 da fim ɗin talabijin mai ban dariya wanda Merzak Alouache ya jagoranta. 

## Labarin fim
Lokacin hunturu ne na shekarar 1995. Yajin aikin gama gari na tsawon mako guda ya kawo dakatar da yankin Ile de Faransa gaba ɗaya. Tafiya a kan kekunansu, Anne, ma'aikaciyar rarraba gidan waya, da Patrice, mamallakin wanki na masana'antu, damar ganawa a fitilar zirga-zirga zai canza rayuwarsu.

A cikin fitilun zirga-zirga, an yi musayar murmushi mai ban sha'awa. Da zaran, Anne ta fara feda sarkar kekenta ta fito daga kan layin dogo. Patrice ya sami damar nuna kwarewar mai amfani da shi. Kofi na gode a cikin bistro da ta fi so ya kai su sake haduwa a washegari kuma abubuwa sun lalace. Amma sai mijin Anne, ɗan kasada wanda ya ɓace a wurare masu zafi watanni shida da suka shige, ya bayyana.

## Ci gaba
Faransa 2 (FR2), tashar talabijin ta jama'a ta Faransa ce ta shirya fim ɗin. 

Merzak Alouache shima ya rubuta wasan kwaikwayo tare da Pierre Schoeller da Caroline Thivel.

## Manazarta
Ƙarfafa harshe

**ǃGãǃne** (ǃGãǃnge) wani yare ne ko yare na dangin ǃKwi wanda aka taɓa yin magana a kusa da Tsolo da kuma gundumar Umtata a Afirka ta Kudu, kudu da Lesotho . An ba da shaida sosai, tare da kawai kayan shine kalmomi 140 da aka tattara daga masu magana guda biyu a cikin 1931. 

Kamar ǁXegwi, ǃGãǃne ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin "fita" a cikin harsunan ǃKwi ta Güldemann (2005, 2011), amma an jera shi a matsayin wani nau'i na ǃKwi a cikin Güldemann (2019).

## Manazarta
Indaba

Wani **Labari** (/ɪnˈdɑːbə/;    ake furta Xhosa: wani muhimmin taro ne da izinDuna (manyan maza) na mutanen Zulu da Xhosa na Afirka ta Kudu suka gudanar.   (Swazi ma suna yin irin waɗannan tarurruka, waɗanda ke magana da su ta amfani da ***indzaba*** mai kusanci.) Indabas na iya haɗawa da izinDuna na wani al'umma kawai, ko kuma ana iya gudanar da su tare da wakilan wasu al'ummomi.

Kalmar "Indaba" ta fito ne daga harsunan Zulu da Xhosa . Yana nufin "kasuwanci" ko "matter".

Ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na duniya suna amfani da kalmar don taronsu ko taronsu; alal misali, Wiki Indaba, Tafiya ta Afirka ta Kudu Tourism Indaba  da Canonical 's Ubuntu Indaba. 

## Manazarta
IsiNgqumo

**IsiNgqumo**, ko **IsiGqumo**,  (a zahiri "ƙuduri" a cikin harshen kanta) yare ne da 'yan luwadi na Afirka ta Kudu da Zimbabwe ke amfani da su waɗanda ke Magana da yarukan Bantu, sabanin Gayle, yaren da' yan luwadi na Afrika ta Kudu ke amfani da shi waɗanda ke magana a cikin yaren Jamusanci.   ci gaba a cikin shekarun 1980s.  kamar Gayle ba, ba a bincika IsiNgqumo sosai ba ko kuma a rubuta shi, don haka adadi a kan yawan masu magana ba su da.

Ana yawan ɗaukar IsiNgqumo a matsayin ƙirƙirar ƙasashen yamma ta ƴan asalin ƙasar Zimbabwe amma a haƙiƙa ƙirƙira ce ta ƴan luwadi na asali, ƙungiyar sane da kai kwanan nan

## Misali
Kodayake tattaunawar samfurin da ke biyo baya na iya zama ɗan batsa, yana da kyakkyawan wakilci na amfani da IsiNgqumo saboda yawancin ƙamus ɗinsa yana da alaƙa da jima'i ko mazan luwaɗi. 

Matsayi:

: " *Isiphukwana sake, kuyavuswa na?* "
: " *Maye* "
: " *Injini!* "
: " *Kuncishiwe* " (or) " *kuyapholwa* "

Fassarar Ndebele (don nuna bambanci):

: " *Ubolo sake, kuyakulu na?* "
: " *Yabo* "
: " *Imbuqo!* "
: " *Kuyancane* "

Turanci ( fassara ta zahiri ):

: "Dan sandansa ya tashi?"
: "Iya"
: "Karya!"
: "Ba basira ba" (ko) "yana sanya mutum sanyi"

Fassarar Turanci:

: "Azzakarinsa, babba ne?"
: "Iya"
: "Karya!"
: "Yana da karami" (duka sharuddan suna nufin abu daya ne, kuma suna wulakanta su sosai  )

### Etymology
Asalin ƙamus da aka yi amfani da su a cikin samfurin sama an ba da su a ƙasa: 

* Kalmar *isiphukwana* ta fito daga kalmar Ndebele *uphuku* (ma'ana "sanda") tare da kari "-ana" (ma'ana "karami"); shine bambancin IsiNgqumo na kalmar Ndebele *uhukwana* .
* *Vuswa* ita ce kalmar Nguni don "tashi" a cikin ɓacin rai.
* *Maye* ya fito daga kalmar Zulu don bayyana kaduwa. Ana amfani da wannan maimakon kalmar Zulu don eh, *yebo* .
* *Injini* a zahiri yana nufin "ɗaukakin hawa", kuma ya samo asalinsa daga kalmar Zulu na "injiniya". A cikin Zulu, ana amfani da kalmar *imbuqo* don wannan manufa.
* Kalmar *uncishiwe* ta samo asali daga Zulu a matsayin "ba a ba", amma ana amfani da ita a cikin IsiNgqumo don nufin "ba gwaninta". *Kuncisiwe* yana da ma'ana iri ɗaya da "Ba gwaninta ba ne". Har ila yau *Uncishiwe* na iya nufin "mummuna", ko kuma ana iya amfani da shi azaman cin mutunci.
* *Pholwa* ba ta da ƙarfi ga kalmar Zulu don "sanyi". *Kuyapholwa* ana iya fassara shi azaman "yana sa mutum yayi sanyi". Kamar *ncishiwe*, ana iya amfani da *pholwa* azaman zagi.

## Duba kuma

* Lavender linguistics

## Manazarta
Harshen Shwai

**Shwai** (Shuway) yare ne na Nijar-Congo a cikin dangin Heiban da ake magana a Kordofan, Sudan. Ana kuma kiranta *Ludumor* . Harsuna sune Shabun, Cerumba (Shirumba), Ndano .*Shabun, Cerumba (Shirumba), Ndano*

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Harsunan Soso-Jalonke

**Harsunan Soso-Jalonke**, Susu da Yalunka, sun zama reshe na yarukan Mande da ake magana a yankin da ke tsakiyar Guinea

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Harsunan Kudu maso yammacin Mande

**Harsunan [[Harsunan Mande|Mande]] na Kudu maso Yamma** ya kasance reshe ne na yarukan Mande da ake magana a yankin Saliyo, Guinea, da kuma ƙasar Laberiya. Akwai kusan masu magana miliyan 2.8. Harsunan da suka fi girma sune Mende na Saliyo, tare da miliyan 1.4, da Kpelle na Laberiya da Guinea, tare da dala miliyan 1.2. 

## Harsunan membobin

* Mende, wanda mutane miliyan 1.4 ke magana a lardunan Kudancin da Gabas, Saliyo
* Loko, wanda kusan 140,000 ke magana da shi galibi a gundumomin Bombali da Port Loko, Saliyo.
* Kpelle, wanda kusan miliyan 1.2 ke magana a tsakiyar Laberiya da Guinée forestière, Guinea.
* Loma, ko Toma, wanda kusan 300,000 ke magana a Guinea da Laberiya.
* Zialo, wanda aka sauya shi a matsayin yaren Loma, wanda kusan 25,000 ke magana a kusa da Macenta da Guéckédougou, Guinea.
* Gbandi, wanda kusan 100,000 ke magana a Laberiya.

## Rarraba
Wa rarrabuwa ta ciki ita ce kamar haka.
 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Yaren Talodi

**[[Harsuna Talodi-Heiban|Talodi]]** ko **Jomang** (Ajomang, Gajomang), yare ne na Nijar-Congo a cikin dangin Talodi da ake magana a Kudancin Kordofan, Sudan . Ana magana da Talodi a ƙauyukan Tasomi da Tata (Ethnologue, 22nd edition).

## Harshen harshe

### Matsayi na Sautin
Kamar yawancin harsuna na Iyalin Talodi, yana amfani da nau'ikan suna don nuna idan kalmar tana cikin mutum ɗaya ko jam'i. Akwai ƙungiyoyin jinsi gu biyu da ɗaya, kuma a cikin su duka ana amfani da prefixes a matsayin mai nuna alama. Wadannan an gabatar da jadawalin aji na Talodi bayan Schadeberg (1981: 50-51):

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Harshen Alamar Tebul

Harshen Kurame na Tebul yare ne na ƙauyen Uluban a yankin Dogon na Mali, tsakanin masu magana da Tebul Dogon .

## Dubi kuma

* Harshen Kurame na Bamako

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Business (film)

***Business***  shine fim ɗin Faransa da Aljeriya da aka shirya shi a shekarar 1960 wanda Maurice Boutel ya ba da umarni kuma tare da Colette Renard, Pierre Doris da Marcel Charvey. 

## 'Yan wasa

* Colette Renard a matsayin Léa
* Pierre Doris a matsayin Papillon
* Marcel Charvey a matsayin Ludovic
* Pauline Carton a matsayin Clotilde
* Fernand Sardou a matsayin Commissaire Masson
* Junie Astor a matsayin L'avocate
* Milly Mathis a matsayin Honorine
* Christel Dynel
* Rui Gomes
* Fernand Kindt
* Fernand Molais ne adam wata
* Fernand Rauzéna

## Manazarta


## Littattafai

* Philippe Rége. *Encyclopedia na Daraktan Fina-finan Faransa, Juzu'i na 1* . Jaridar Scarecrow, 2009.

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*
Tebul Dogon

**Harshen Tebul**, wanda aka fi sani da ***Tebul U***, yare ne na Dogon da ake magana a Mali ta Tebul U (mutane na Tebul). An fara bayar da rahoton ne a karkashin wannan sunan a kan layi ta hanyar Roger Blench,  wanda ya ba da rahoton cewa ya zama daidai da yaren da ake kira *Oru Yille* a cikin wallafe-wallafen da ke akwai. Wannan sunan da ba daidai ba yana nufin 'kalmomi biyu' a cikin harshen Tebul

Harshen ya bambanta a cikin Dogon kuma yana iya zama reshe na wannan iyali, kodayake yana nuna wasu alaƙa da harsunan yamma.

Mutanen Tebul kuma suna amfani da 'alamu na ƙauye', Harshe na Alamar Tebul, saboda yawan kurma.

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Tushen

* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 5] "Binciken harsunan Dogon a Mali: Bayani". OGMIOS: Jaridar Gidauniyar Harsuna Masu Hadari. 3.02 (26): 14–15. An samo shi a 2011-06-30..
* [Hasiya] Tebul Ure, yaren ƙungiyar Dogon a Arewacin Mali da alakarsa
*
The Case of Doctor Galloy

***Shari'ar Doctor Galloy*** (Faransanci: ***Le cas du docteur Galloy***) fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Faransa da Aljeriya da aka shirya shi a shekarar 1951 wanda Maurice Boutel ya ba da umarni kuma tare da Jean-Pierre Kérien, Henri Rollan da Suzy Prim. 

## 'Yan wasa

* Jean-Pierre Kérien a matsayin Le docteur Galloy
* Henri Rollan a matsayin Le professeur
* Suzy Prim a matsayin L'amie de Mme Guérin
* Lucienne Le Marchand a matsayin Mme Guérin
* Louis Seigner a matsayin Le docteur Clarenz
* Lucas Gridoux a matsayin Le guérisseur
* Andrews Engelmann ne
* André Le Gall
* Juliette Faber
* Jacqueline Pierreux

## Littattafai

* Philippe Rége. *Encyclopedia na Daraktan Fina-finan Faransa, Juzu'i na 1* . Jaridar Scarecrow, 2009.

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*   

## Manazarta
Harshen Tegem

**Tegem**, kuma *Jebel Tekeim*, yare ne na Nijar-Congo da ake magana a Kordofan, Sudan . Wani lokaci ana ɗaukarsa yaren Lafofa, wanda ba a tabbatar da shi sosai 

## Fasahar sauti

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

* Labialization [w] an kuma ce yana faruwa tsakanin sautuna.
* Sautunan  ke biyowa na iya faruwa kamar yadda aka tsara, [bː, mː, t̪ː, d̪ː, rː, lː, cː, ɟː, kː] .

### Sautin sautin

## Manazarta

## Tushen

* Roger Blench, 2011 (ms), "Shin Kordofanian sun kasance rukuni kuma idan ba haka ba, ina yarukanta suka dace da Nijar-Congo?" http://media.leidenuniv.nl/legacy/nuba-hills-conference-paper-2011.pdf
Harshen Tiro

Tiro, kuma *Thiro* ko *Tira*, yare ne na Nijar-Congo a cikin dangin Heiban da ake magana a Kudancin Kordofan, Sudan

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Yaren Tocho

**Tocho** (Tacho) yare ne na Nijar-Congo a cikin dangin Talodi da ake magana a Kordofan, Sudan . Kimanin mutane ,700 ne ke magana da shi a cikin ƙauyuka masu zuwa: Igije, Imanjela, Thodero, Thoge, Tobaredeng, Tocho Goos, Tocho Saraf Jamus, Toderum, Togero, Togiding, Toriya, Torobang, Tothokrek da Turu.

## Harshen harshe

### Fasahar sauti

#### Ma'anar Ma'anar
Wadannan an gabatar da jerin sunayen Tocho consonant phonemes bisa ga Akaki da Norton (2013:178).  A cikin Tocho, ana iya furta plosives da hanci a duk wurare 5, amma hanci sun rasa wakilin hakora. I aka kwatanta da tsofaffin bayanai (Schadeberg 1981 ), flap_consonants" id="mwHA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tap and flap consonants">flap [ī] galibi yana haɗuwa da trill_consonant" id="mwHQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Trill consonant">trill [r, rr], amma kuma mutum na iya jayayya cewa an tattara sabbin bayanai (Alaki & Norton 2013:178-180 [1]) a Khartoum, inda Larabci na Sudan (wanda ba ya dauke da flap (ī), amma yana da trill [1]) shine harshen hukuma. Don haka  za a iya tabbatar da haɗuwa ba tukuna kuma dole ne a tabbatar da shi tare da bayanai a cikin ƙauyukan da ake magana da Tocho.

#### Sautin sautin

### Nau'o'in suna
Harshen Tocho yana amfani da prefixes daban-daban don rarrabe lambobin sunaye, an tsara su ta hanyar nau'ikan sunaye tare da nau'ikan prefix-biyu. Wadannan prefix-biyu sun kunshi mafi yawan duk consonant phonemes da kuma zaɓi na babu prefix (wanda aka yi alama a matsayin ø).  mafi yawan azuzuwan kawai canje-canje na farko, amma a wasu bambancin tsakanin mutum ɗaya da jam'i ana nuna shi ta hanyar canji a wasu wasula na farko, kamar misali /ʊ ~ ə/ da /a ~ ə/ .

## Ƙarin karantawa

* Alaki, Thomas Kuku & Russell Norton. 2013. Tocho phonology da orthography. A cikin Roger Blench & Thilo Schadeberg (eds), Nazarin Harshen Dutsen Nuba . Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe. shafi na 177-194.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Jorge Cohen

**Jorge Cohen** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1986), shi ne mai shirya fina-finai na Angola.  An fi saninsa da furodusan fina-finan *Alambamento* da *Luanda 24/7* da kuma *na'urar sanyaya iska*. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An haife shi a shekara ta 1986 a Luanda, Angola. A shekara ta 2009, ya koma Portugal kuma ya kammala digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Katolika ta Lisbon. Daga nan ya koma Ingila ya sami digiri na gaba na biyu a Global Cultural and Creative Industries daga SOAS, Jami'ar London a shekarar 2018.

## Sana'a
A cikin shekarar 2009, Cohen ya fara samar da *Alambamento*, ɗan gajeren fim. Shi ne daraktan samarwa na wancan nunin, wanda ya sami yabo mai mahimmanci. Bayan nasarar nunawa, ya zama wanda ya kafa na samar da kamfanin 'Geração 80' a 2010. Daga baya ya yi wasu gajerun fina-finai da suka haɗa da: *Luanda 24/7*, *Havemos de Voltar* da *1999* da kuma Documentaries; *Triângulo*, *Independência* ya jagoranci Mário Bastos.  Documentary *Independência* ya sami lambar yabo don Mafi kyawun Documentary a Bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Cameron kuma zaɓi ne na hukuma a bikin fina-finai na duniya na Durban, bikin fina-finan Afirka na Luxor da kuma bikin fina-finai na Pan African.  

Fim ɗinsa na 2013 *Triângulo* na haɗin gwiwar Angola-Brazil-Portugal ne. A cikin shekarar 2014, ya samar da shirin talabijin na *Afripedia Angola* a matsayin haɗin gwiwar Sweden-Angola. A cikin shekarar 2017, ya samar da shirin shirin *El Último País* wanda darektan Cuba Gretel Marín ya jagoranta. Fim ɗin ya sanya Zaɓin Zaɓaɓɓen Aikin Amsterdam na 2017 kuma.  A cikin shekarar 2020, ya yi fim ɗin sa na farko na almara, *Air Conditioning.*

## Filmography

## Manazarta
Allalou

**Allalou** (Maris 30, 1902 - Fabrairu 19, 1992) marubucin wasan kwaikwayo ne na Aljeriya, darektan gidan wasan kwaikwayo kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo wanda aka sani da *mahaifin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Algeria* .

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Allalou Ali Sellali a ranar 3 ga Maris, 1902, a cikin Casbah na Algiers .

## Tarihin rayuwa
Allalou wanda ya rasa mahaifinsa tun yana da shekaru goma sha uku don yin aiki don tallafa wa iyalinsa. Ya ci gaba da yin aiki a matsayin magatakarda na kantin magani, mai sayar da littattafai da ma'aikacin jirgin ƙasa. Sha'awarsa ga wakilcin fasaha ya bayyana da wuri. A lokacin da yake da shekaru goma sha biyar, ya fara zuwa Foyer du soldat inda ya buga wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya raira waƙoƙi (ya kasance mai hangen nesa da mawaƙa mai ban dariya), ya saba da wuraren. Ya saba da wasan kwaikwayo tun yana yaro. Ya halarci galas Karsenty da wasan kwaikwayon Georges Abiad da kamfanonin wasan kwaikwayo na Masar na Azzedine a farkon shekarun ashirin. Wannan gamuwa da gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya ba shi ra'ayin samar da wasan kwaikwayo. Ta haka ne ya fara samar da zane-zane wanda ke hulɗa da batutuwa da aka samo asali daga rayuwar yau da kullun: aure, saki, maye. Wadannan jigogi an kuma haɗa su a cikin wasan kwaikwayon da aka shirya bayan 1926. Saduwa da Turai kuma musamman Edmond Yafil, babban masani na kiɗa na gargajiya na Algeria wanda ya ba da rayuwarsa ga ci gaban wannan fasaha, ya sa ya fahimci kuma ya yaba da kiɗa.

Allalou ya mutu a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu, 1992, a Algiers .

## Wasanni

* *Djeha* (1926) 
* *Zouadj Bou 'Akline* (1926) 
* Ɗaya daga cikin Dubu da Ɗaya (1930, 1931) 

## Bayanan littattafai==

## Manazarta
Mahieddine Bachtarzi

**Mahieddine Bachtarzi** (15 Disamba 1897  6 Fabrairu 1986) ya kasance mawaƙan opera (tenor), ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, marubuci kuma darektan TNA (Théâtre National Algérien). Ya kuma kasance marubucin wasu ayyukan kiɗa 400, tare da aikin da ya kai sama da shekaru 70, yana samun girmamawa da yawa a duk rayuwarsa.

## Rayuwa ta farko
 haifi Mahieddine Bachtarzi a ranar 15 ga watan Disamba 1897 a cikin Casbah na Algiers, Aljeriya a cikin iyali mai arziki. Ya halarci karatun Islama a Medersa Ben Osman Sheikh, yana da shekaru goma sha biyar an ba shi danka, saboda ingancin muryarsa, a matsayin mai karanta Alkur'ani a Babban Masallacin Algiers. , ya fi son haskakawa ga tsananin zauren addu'a, da sauri ya watsar da masallacin don mayar da hankali kan waka.

## Ayyuka
 shekara ta 1925, 'yan jaridar Faransa sun yaba da shi a matsayin kwatankwacin Caruso na Arewacin Afirka, kuma a shekara ta 1926 ya kaddamar da sabon Masallacin Paris tare da kiran farko ga addu'a. A farkon shekarun 1930 ya kafa ƙungiyar kiɗa ta kansa wacce ta ƙware wajen haɗa kiɗa na Arewacin Afirka tare da shahararren gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Haɗakar  Faransanci da ake magana da Larabci, waƙoƙinsa suna da ma'anar siyasa wanda ya haifar da dakatar da tarin guda ɗaya a 1937 don jin daɗin Faransanci.

Shekaru  yawa ya kasance a tsakiyar mataki na abubuwan fasaha daban-daban inda ya shiga fagen waka, kiɗa da wasan kwaikwayo, masu fassara, yanayin kayan aiki (gidaje, kayan ado da shirya) da shirya yawon shakatawa na lardin da kasashen waje.

## Mutuwa da gado
Bachtarzi ya mutu a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu 1986. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Mahieddine Bachtazi, wanda aka fi sani da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Algiers, an sake masa suna a cikin ƙwaƙwalwarsa.

## Manazarta

## Bayanan littattafai
Harshen Tonjon

**Tonjon** wani yaren Mande ne wanda ya ƙare wanda masu yin amfani da ƙarfe suka taɓa magana a tsakanin Djimini Senoufo na Ivory Coast. Yana da alaƙa da Ligbi, wani harshe mai ƙera ƙarfe

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Yahia Benmabrouk

**Yahia Benmabrouk** (1928&#x2D;) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma ɗan wasan fim na Algeria, an haife shi a ranar 30 ga Maris a 1928 a Algiers kuma ya mutu a ranar 8 ga Oktoba, 2004, a Bab El Oued .

An fi saninsa da jama'a saboda rawar da ya taka na Sā L'Apprenti (mai koyo), wanda aka fassara a gidan wasan kwaikwayo, a talabijin da kuma fina-finai tare da abokinsa da abokin tarayya Hadj Abderrahmane, a cikin "L"inspecteur Tahar's" kasada a ƙarshen 60s da 70s.   Mutuwar abokinsa da wuri ta cire shi daga fagen fasaha.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Ya fara ne a cikin wasan kwaikwayo daga shekarun 1940. Da sa'a, ya ɗauki mataki don maye gurbin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na ayoung wanda ba shi da lafiya. Ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayon su ta ƙunshi matasa masu wasan kwaikwayo waɗanda suka zama sanannun gaske a fagen Aljeriya: Hadj Omar, Sid-Ali Kouiret, Allel El-Mouhib, Rouiched (M. Ayad), Hadj Chérif, Abdelkader Bougaci, M'Guellati da sauransu da yawa. Duk waɗannan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo daga baya za su kafa ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta El Masrah El Djazairi, wanda Mustapha Kateb ya jagoranta. Ya kasance a karkashin kulawar Yahia Benmabrouk da gaske ya koyi fasahar wasan kwaikwayo.

A shekara ta 1956 wata kungiya mai tsattsauran ra'ayi ta Pied-Noir ta kai masa hari, a lokacin Yaƙin Aljeriya don samun 'yancin kai. Da rauni, wannan harin ya dauke shi daga fagen kusan shekaru biyu; kuma ya bar Aljeriya zuwa Faransa. Koyaya, zamansa a can zai kasance na ɗan gajeren lokaci saboda wani muhimmin aiki. A zahiri, a farkon 1958, FLN ta gayyace shi ya shiga Mohamed Bouzidi H'ssissen, Boualem Rais, Sid Ali Kouiret, Saâdaoui da sauran masu zane-zane don kafa ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo da za ta iya sa Aljeriya ta shahara a duk duniya da kuma inganta gwagwarmayar 'yancin mutanen Aljeriya.

Yahia Benmabrouk ya koma kasar a ƙarshen yaƙin kuma ya ci gaba da tafiya a cikin allon tsakanin abubuwan da za su kafa gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Algeria har sai da ya yi ritaya a cikin shekarun 1980.

1967 shekara ce mai mahimmanci ga Yahia Benmabrouk saboda ta nuna haihuwar duo mai fashewa: Yahia Ben Mabrouk (L'Apprenti) da Hadj Abderrahmane (L'InspecteurTahar) a cikin fim din: Ō L'Inspector Tahar Mène l'Enquète Ō.   Kuma wasu fina-finai da yawa sun biyo baya.

Mutuwar abokinsa Hadj Abderrahmane a ranar 5 ga Oktoba, 1981, ta jefa shi cikin baƙin ciki. Babu wani abu da zai kasance iri ɗaya a gare shi.

Yahia Benmabrouk ya mutu a ranar 8 ga Oktoba, 2004, yana da shekaru 76, a asibitin jami'ar Bab-El-Oued .

## Hotunan fina-finai

* 1967: *Sufeto yana gudanar da bincike.*. 
* 1968: La Souris. *Tsuntsu.*
* 1968: *Binciken jahannama.* 
* 1969: Gidan shakatawa na rataye. *Gidan shakatawa na wanda aka rataye*
* 1973: *Hutu na Sufeto Tahar.* 
* 1977: Sufeto ya zira kwallaye. *Sufeto ya sanya burin.*
* 1978: *Katin.* 
* 1986: Kyautar Hassan. *Wata lambar yabo ga Hassan*
* 1991: Littafin da ba a sani ba. *Rubuce-rubuce.*
* 1993: *Bas din*. 
* 1999: Hutu na ɗan koyo.

## Manazarta

# Mutuwar Yahia Benmabrouk (Labarin Faransanci) a mujallar Jeune Afrique .