Makarantar mulkin mallaka, Paris

**Makarantar Mulki** (    , wanda kuma aka sani da colloquially as  ) wata cibiyar ilimi ce ta jama'a ta Faransa ko grande école, wacce aka kirkira a Paris a cikin 1889 don ba da horo ga ma'aikatan gwamnati da masu gudanar da mulkin mallaka na Faransa . Har ila yau, cibiya ce don bincike a fannin ƙasa, ilimin ɗan adam, ilimin ɗabi'a da sauran yunƙurin kimiyya tare da mai da hankali kan yankuna da Faransanci ke gudanarwa. 

Yayinda dukiyar kasashen waje ta Faransa ta canza kuma ta ragu, an sake fasalin makarantar kuma an sake masa suna a lokuta da yawa: a cikin 1934 a matsayin École nationale de la France d'outre-mer (ENFOM, "National School of Overseas France"), a cikin 1959 a matsayin Institut des hautes études d'Outre-Mer (**IHEOM**, "Institute of Higher Overseas Studies"), kuma a cikin 1966 a matsayin Institut international d'administration publique (**IIAP**, "International Institute of Public Administration"). Tana da dalibai daga duka Metropolitan Faransa da mallakarta ta kasashen waje da yankuna. Sabon jikinta, IIAP, wani lokacin ana kiranta "ENA na baƙi" tare da ambaton École nationale d'administration na Faransa,  kuma daga ƙarshe an haɗa shi cikin ENA a shekara ta 2002.

## Tarihi

A cikin 1885, mai bincike kuma mai gudanarwa Auguste Pavie ya kirkiro shirin horo ga ma'aikatan asalin sabis na telegraph a cikin Faransanci Cambodia, wanda ya ɗauki sunan manufa cambodgienne ("Mission Cambodian"). Wannan ya yi nasara a 1889 ta Makarantar mulkin mallaka a matsayin cikakkiyar kafa don ilimin kwararru na ma'aikatan mulkin mallaka. Halitta, wanda ya sami goyon baya daga Mai ba da shawara na Jiha  , shine ƙoƙari na farko da ya ci nasara don ƙirƙirar cibiyar dindindin musamman don horar da ma'aikatan gwamnati na Faransa, don haka ya nuna duka ENA da Makarantar Shari'a ta Faransa.

An shigar da daliban Afirka daga 1892 tare da ajin Kambodiya, kuma ba da daɗewa ba, ɗalibai daga Metropolitan Faransa.

A cikin 1927, an kirkiro  a duka Lycée Louis-le-Grand da Lycée Henri-IV don shirya ɗalibai na gaba na Makarantar Kolonial, kuma an ba da horo na ƙarshe kyauta a cikin 1931.

## Gine-gine
Ginin makarantar a birnin Paris, a kan 2 avenue de l'Observatoire kusa da Jardin du Luxembourg, an tsara shi ta hanyar injiniya  kuma an gina shi daga 1895 zuwa 1911.  Makarantar Colonial ta koma can a cikin 1896 bayan an same ta a cikin 'yan shekarunta na farko akan Rue Jacob.  &#x3A;&#x200A;272&#x200A;

Misali ne na farko na gine-ginen Mulkin mallaka na Faransa, tare da wahayi musamman daga gine-ginin Maroko, kuma an san shi da "tsohuwar masallaci" tun lokacin da ya riga ya wuce Babban Masallacin Paris, wanda aka gina a cikin irin wannan salon.:&#x3A;&#x200A;272&#x200A; Abubuwan ado sun haɗa da ayyukan masu zane-zane  ,   da  , da kuma mai zane-zane   .

Ginin ya kasance wurin zama na ENFOM, IHEOM, da IIAP ciki har da bayan da ENA ta shawo kan wannan a cikin 2002. Wasu daga cikin kayan ado na ginin da ke haifar da ɗaukakar mulkin mallaka an dauke su ba su dace ba kuma an cire su a cikin shekarun 1970s.

A shekara ta 2007, Sciences Po ta sami harabar ENA ta Paris a kan rue de l'Université, kuma ENA ta sanya makarantar mulkin mallaka ta zama wurin zama na Paris a ƙarshen wannan shekarar. A ranar 1 ga watan Janairun 2022, ENA ta maye gurbin Institut national du service public, wanda ya ci gaba da ginin Makarantar Kolonial a matsayin harabar Paris.
Fayil:École_nationale_de_la_France_d'outre-mer,_Paris_6e_3.jpg|alt=Main portal on avenue de l'Observatoire|Babban tashar a kan Avenue de l'Observatoire
Fayil:Paris_May_2013_-_L’Ancienne_École_Coloniale_(7).jpg|alt=Ceramic detail displaying the date 1889 as reference to the school's creation|Bayani na yumbu wanda ke nuna kwanan wata 1889 a matsayin ambaton halittar makarantar
Fayil:Angle_rue_Auguste-Comte_et_avenue_de_l'Observatoire.JPG|alt=Corner with rue Auguste Comte, with adjacent Lycée Montaigne in the background|Kusurwa tare da titin Auguste Comte, tare da Lycée Montaigne da ke kusa da shi a bango
Fayil:ENA-Paris_patio.jpg|alt=Main courtyard|Babban farfajiyar
Fayil:ENA-Paris_bibliothèque.jpg|alt=Library with painted ceiling by Claude Bourgonnier|Laburaren da aka fentin rufin da Claude Bourgonnier ya yi


## Jagora

### Daraktoci

* 1889-1905: Etienne Aymonier
* 1905-1917: Maurice Doubrère
* 1918-1926: Max Outrey
* 1926-1933: Georges Hardy
* 1933-1937: Henri Gourdon
* 1937-1946: Robert Delavignette
* 1946-1950: Paul Mus
* 1950-1959: Paul Bouteille
* 1959-1964: François Luchaire
* 1965-1974: Jean Baillou
* 1974-1982: Henri Roson
* 1982-1985: Gaston Olive
* 1985-1993: Jean-Pierre Puissochet
* 1993: Michel Franc
* 1993-2001: Didier Maus

### Zaɓaɓɓun ƙwarewa

* Hubert Lyautey
* Jules Brévié
* Pierre Moussa
* Louis Vignon 
* Charles-André Julien
* Henri Brunschwig 
* Léopold Sédar Senghor

## Tsofaffin ɗalibai

* Max Jacob (1876-1944), mawaki na Faransa
* Félix Éboué (1884-1944), mai mulkin mallaka
* Sisavang Vong (1885-1959), Sarkin Luang Prabang da na Laos
* Phetsarath Rattanavongsa (1890-1959), Firayim Minista na Laos
* Raymond Dronne (1908-1991), mayaƙin adawa na Faransa
* Pierre Messmer (1916-2007), Firayim Minista na Faransa kuma mai mulkin mallaka
* Hamani Diori (1916-1989), Shugaban Jamhuriyar Nijar na farko
* Gabriel Lisette (1919-2001), ɗan siyasan Chadi
* Yves na Daruvar (1921-2018), mai gudanarwa na Faransa
* Pierre Alexandre (1922-1994), masanin ilimin ɗan adam na Faransa
* Charles Assemekang (1926-1999), ɗan siyasan Kongo
* Sheikh Hamidou Kane (1928-), marubucin Senegal
* Babacar Ba (1930-2006), ɗan siyasa na Senegal
* Habib Thiam (1933-2017), ɗan siyasa na Senegal
* Paul Biya (1933-), shugaban Kamaru 
* Gervais Djondo (1934-), ɗan kasuwa na Togo
* Abdou Diouf (1935-), Shugaban kasar na biyu na Senegal
* Adamou Ndam Njoya (1942-2020), ɗan siyasan Kamaru
* Enrique Peñalosa (1954-), Magajin garin Bogotá, Colombia
* Brahim Djamel Kassali (1954-) - Ministan Kudi na Aljeriya

## Bayanan da aka ambata