Tsinkaya game da mutuwa

Tsinkaya na mutuwa yana faruwa ne lokacin da aka yi imanin cewa mutum ya mutu, duk da rashin tabbacin kai tsaye na mutuwar mutum, kamar gano ragowar (misali, gawar ko kwarangwal) wanda ya danganta da wannan mutumin. Irin wannan zato yawanci mutum ne ke yi lokacin da mutum ya ɓace na dogon lokaci kuma ba tare da wata hujja cewa mutum yana da rai ba - ko kuma bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma inda yanayin da ke kewaye da bacewar mutum ya goyi bayan imani cewa mutumin ya mutu (misali, Hadarin jirgin sama). Wannan zato ya zama tabbatacce idan ba a gano mutumin ba har tsawon lokacin da ya wuce tsawon rayuwarsu, kamar Amelia Earhart ko Jack the Ripper.

Sanarwar cewa mutum ya mutu yayi kama da wasu nau'o'in "hukuncin kariya", kamar hukunci na bayyanawa. Hukumomi daban-daban suna da ka'idojin doka daban-daban don samun irin wannan sanarwa kuma a wasu yankuna ana iya zaton mutuwa bayan mutum ya ɓace a wasu yanayi da kuma wani lokaci.

## Gaskiya, yanayi, da kuma "daidaitawar yiwuwar"
A mafi yawan hukunce-hukunce, samun umarnin kotu wanda ke ba da umarnin rajista don bayar da Takardar shaidar mutuwa idan babu takardar shaidayar likita cewa mutumin da aka gano ya mutu yawanci ya zama dole. Koyaya, idan akwai shaidar da za ta haifar da mutum mai ma'ana ya yi imani da cewa mutum ya mutu akan ma'auni na yiwuwar, hukunce-hukunce na iya yarda da bayar da takaddun shaida na mutuwa ba tare da irin wannan umarni ba. Misali, RMS ''Titanic''">fasinjoji da ma'aikata RMS Titanic waɗanda [./RMS_&#x3C;i&#x20;id= Carpathia" id="mwJw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="RMS Carpathia">RMS *Carpathia*] ba ta ceto su ba an ayyana su a matsayin sun mutu ba da daɗewa ba bayan Carpathia ta isa Birnin New York. Kwanan nan, Jihar New York ta ba da takaddun shaida na mutuwa ga waɗanda suka mutu a Hare-haren Satumba 11 a cikin kwanaki na bala'in. Haka kuma yawanci gaskiya ne ga sojoji da suka ɓace bayan babban yaƙi, musamman idan abokin gaba yana riƙe da cikakken rikodin fursunonin yaki.

Idan babu isasshen shaida cewa mutuwa ta faru, sanarwar shari'a na irin wannan na iya ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo, saboda rashin sauƙi ba lallai bane ya tabbatar da mutuwa. Abubuwan da ake buƙata don bayyana mutum da ya mutu bisa doka na iya bambanta dangane da cikakkun bayanai da yawa ciki har da:

* Ikon da mutum ya rayu kafin mutuwarsa
* Ikon da ake zaton sun mutu
* Yadda ake zaton mutum ya mutu (kisan kai, kashe kansa, hadari, da dai sauransu) 
* Daidaitawar yiwuwar da ke sa ya fi dacewa da cewa mutum ya mutu

Yawancin ƙasashe suna da saiti na lokaci (shekaru bakwai a yawancin hukunce-hukuncen doka) bayan haka ana zaton mutum ya mutu idan babu wata hujja da ta saɓa. Koyaya, idan mutumin da ya ɓace shine mai mallakar wani muhimmin dukiya, kotun na iya jinkirta ba da umarnin bayar da takardar shaidar mutuwa idan babu wani ƙoƙari na gaske don gano mutumin da ya rasa. Idan ana zaton mutuwar ta faru ne a cikin Ruwa na kasa da kasa ko a wani wuri ba tare da rundunar 'yan sanda ta tsakiya da abin dogaro ba ko tsarin rajistar kididdiga mai mahimmanci, wasu dokoki na iya aiki.

## Abubuwan shari'a

### China
Dokar kasar Sin tana bi da hukuncin kisa da bacewar daban. Za'a iya samun tanadi masu dacewa a Sashe na 3 ("Sanarwar bacewar da Sanarwar Mutuwa"), Babi na 2 ("Mutanen halitta") na Janar Tanadi na Dokar Jama'a ta Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin  da aka kafa a cikin shekara ta 2017.

Inda mutum na halitta ya ɓace har tsawon shekaru biyu, mai sha'awar na iya neman kotu ta mutane don sanar da rashin mutumin na halitta. Lokacin bacewar mutum na halitta za a ƙidaya daga ranar da ba a ji mutum ba, har zuwa ranar da aka dawo da mutum ko kuma aka gano shi. Idan mutum ya ɓace a lokacin yaƙi, za a ƙidaya lokacin ɓacewa daga ranar da yaƙin ya ƙare ko daga ranar da bai kasance ba kamar yadda hukumomin da suka dace suka tabbatar.

Inda mutum na halitta ya fada cikin kowane yanayi mai zuwa, mai sha'awar na iya neman kotu ta mutane don sanar da mutuwar:

* Mutumin halitta ya ɓace shekaru huɗu;
* Mutumin ya ɓace shekaru biyu daga hadari.

Inda mutum ya ɓace daga hatsari, kuma ba zai yiwu mutum ya tsira daga hatsarin ba kamar yadda hukumomin da suka dace suka tabbatar, aikace-aikacen sanar da mutuwar mutumin ba ya ƙarƙashin lokacin shekaru biyu.

A yayin da ake buƙatar aikace-aikacen da suka sabawa don sanarwar, ma'ana cewa duka aikace-aikace don sanar da mutuwar da aikace-aikacin sanarwar rashin mutum ɗaya na halitta ana shigar da su ta bangarorin da ke da sha'awar kotun mutane, kotun jama'a za ta ayyana mutuwar mutumin idan an cika sharuɗɗa don sanarwar mutuwar kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin wannan Dokar.

Dokar kasar Sin ta yi magana musamman game da dawowar wanda ba ya nan. Amincewar hukuncin da aka yi a baya game da mutuwar ba ta cikin haɗari ta hanyar gaskiyar dawowa. Wanda ba ya nan ko mai sha'awar (ko bangarorin) dole ne su nemi a soke hukuncin da aka ambata, to ana iya soke shi. Sakamakon shari'a na soke hukunci na bayyanawa shine ainihin game da maidowa, watau dawo da dukiya da maido da aure. Dokar kasar Sin ta dawo da aure tsakanin wanda ya dawo da matarsa, idan dai matar ba ta sake yin aure ba ko kuma ta bayyana rashin son dawo da aure. Wannan abu ne mai ban mamaki a tsakanin gwamnatocin shari'a a duniya.

### Jamus
A yanayi daban-daban, dole ne a jira lokaci daban-daban kafin kotun ta iya bayyana mutumin ya mutu bisa doka, bisa ga dokar bacewar (Verschollenheitsgesetz):

* Rashin kowa: Shekaru 10 daga ƙarshen shekara tare da alamar ƙarshe ta rayuwa (shekaru 5 ga mutanen da suka wuce shekaru 80), amma ba kafin ƙarshen shekarar da suka juya ba, ko kuma za su juya, shekaru 25
* Jirgin ruwa, fashewar jirgin ruwa: watanni 6 bayan nutsewa ko wani abin da ya haifar da bacewar, misali: faduwa cikin jirginya fadi a cikin jirgin
* Hadarin jirgin sama: watanni 3 bayan hadarin
* Sauran bacewar a cikin yanayi mai barazana ga rayuwa: shekara 1 daga ƙarshen haɗarin mutuwa

Lokacin da ake zaton mutuwar sai kotun ta ƙayyade dangane da nau'in bacewar.

### Indiya
Tsinkaya na mutuwa ana sarrafa shi ta sashe na 107 da 108 na Dokar Shaida, wanda ke ba da damar zaton mutuwa ga mutumin da ya ɓace na shekaru 7 don a tashe shi a cikin shari'o'i masu dacewa a gaban kotu.

### Ireland
Idan akwai shaidar da ta dace cewa mutumin da ya ɓace ya mutu mai binciken na iya neman bincike a karkashin Sashe na 23 na Dokar Masu binciken shekarar 1962. Idan Ministan Shari'a ya ba da izinin binciken to ana iya ayyana mutumin a matsayin matattu bisa doka idan hakan shine sakamakon binciken. A matsayin madadin za a iya yin aikace-aikace zuwa babban kotun; kafin Nuwamba 1ga wata,shekara ta 2019, matsayi na gaba ɗaya shine cewa mutum yana buƙatar ɓacewa aƙalla shekaru 7 kafin a bi da mutum a matsayin matattu a idanun doka, amma na musamman yana iya kasancewa a baya idan akwai tasiri mai ƙarfi daga yanayin mutumin ya mutu. Wannan yana nufin cewa an hana danginsu na gaba duk wani hakki da ya shafi rashi a ƙarƙashin duk wani fansho, inshora na rayuwa ko tsarin jin dadin jama'a. Tun daga ranar 1 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta 2019, lokacin da Dokar Jama'a (Tsinkaya na Mutuwa) Dokar shekara ta 2019, ta fara, kotun na iya yin "tsinkaya na umarnin mutuwa" idan ta gamsu cewa yanayin ya nuna cewa mutuwar mutumin da ya ɓace ko dai kusan tabbas ne, ko kuma mai yiwuwa sosai. Idan an yi irin wannan umarni kuma ba a yi nasara ba, yana da matsayi iri ɗaya da takardar shaidar mutuwa.

### Italiya
Yana ɗaukar shekaru goma don bayyana mutumin da ya ɓace ya mutu. Bayan shekaru goma daga bacewar wani, za'a iya gabatar da karar da za a bayyana mutumin a kotu. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]

### Poland
Sanarwar mutuwar da ake zaton an tsara shi a cikin sashi na 29-32 na Dokar Jama'a ta Poland kuma an bayyana shi a matsayin hukuncin kotu. Gabaɗaya, ana buƙatar tsawon shekaru 10 don wucewa don yin sanarwar doka, tare da waɗannan banbanci:

* babu wanda za a iya ayyana ya mutu kafin ƙarshen shekarar da suka juya, ko kuma za su juya, shekaru 23.
* mafi ƙarancin lokacin ya rage zuwa shekaru 5 idan mutumin zai cika aƙalla shekaru 70 a lokacin sanarwar;
* idan akwai yiwuwar cewa mutumin zai kasance wanda ya sha wahala daga bala'in iska ko teku ko wani "yanayi na musamman", lokacin bacewar ya ragu zuwa watanni 6, duk da haka idan jirgin ya ɓace, ana kirga lokacin daga shekara guda bayan abin da zai kasance ranar da aka tsara ta isowa, ko kuma daga shekaru biyu bayan inda ya kasance na ƙarshe da aka sani;
* idan an bayar da rahoton cewa mutum ya ɓace a wasu yanayi masu barazana ga rayuwa fiye da na sama, lokacin ya zama shekara guda tun bayan kammalawar lamarin da ke barazana ga rai.

Sanarwar mutuwar kotun ta fara aiki ne a baya kuma tana ƙarƙashin sakamakon shari'a tun kafin ranar sanarwar, komawa zuwa ranar da aka ɗauka ta mutu, kamar yadda kotun ta bayyana.

### Rasha
Dangane da Mataki na 45 na Dokar Jama'a ta Rasha, ana iya ayyana mutum ya mutu ne kawai ta hanyar yanke shawara ta kotu, a kan dalilai masu zuwa:

* Sun ɓace shekaru 5
* Idan mutumin ya ɓace a cikin yanayi mai barazana ga rayuwa, wanda ya sa ya yiwu ya mutu daga hatsari, ana iya ɗaukar mutumin ya mutu bayan watanni 6.
* Soja ko farar hula, wanda ya ɓace a lokacin rikici na soja, ana iya ayyana shi ya mutu ba tare da shekaru 2 ba bayan rikici ya ƙare

Ranar mutuwar doka ana ɗaukar ta a matsayin ranar da aka yanke hukuncin kotu da ya bayyana mutumin da ya mutu. Idan mutum ya ɓace a cikin yanayi mai barazana ga rayuwa, ana iya ɗaukar ranar da ya ɓace ita a matsayin ranar mutuwa ta doka.

Sanarwar mutuwar da kotun ta yi tana da irin wannan sakamakon shari'a kamar dai an tabbatar da gaskiyar mutuwar:

* Wadanda ke dogara da mutumin sun cancanci samun fansho na jihar
* Ana iya gado dukiya
* Idan mutumin ya yi aure, auren ya ƙare bisa doka
* Ayyukan mutum sun ƙare

Idan irin wannan yanke shawara kuskure ne kuma mutumin ya dawo daga baya, an soke shawarar kuma mutumin ya cancanci neman mafi yawan kadarorinsa. Koyaya, idan mijin ko matar irin wannan mutumin ta sake yin aure, ba za a dawo da auren ba. Ba za a iya neman kudadensa da kadarorinsa ba, waɗanda aka ɗauka a ƙarƙashin yanayi na gaskiya.

### Ƙasar Ingila

#### Ingila da Wales

##### Kafin shekara ta 2013
Kafin shekara ta 2013, Dokar Ingilishi gabaɗaya ta ɗauka cewa mutum ya mutu idan, bayan shekaru bakwai:

* Babu wata shaida da ta nuna cewa har yanzu suna da rai.
* Mutanen da suka fi jin daga gare su ba su da wata hulɗa.
* Binciken da aka yi game da wannan mutumin bai yi nasara ba.

Wannan zato ne wanda ba za a iya musantawa a cikin doka ta yau da kullun - idan mutumin ya bayyana daga baya, doka ba ta sake ɗaukar su matattu ba.

In ba haka ba, kotuna na iya ba da izini ga masu neman don yin rantsuwa cewa mutum ya mutu (a cikin ko bayan shekaru bakwai).  Misali, mai zartarwa na iya yin irin wannan aikace-aikacen don haka za a iya ba su izini don nufin. Irin wannan aikace-aikacen za a yi shi ne kawai a cikin shekaru bakwai inda mutuwa ta kasance mai yiwuwa, amma ba tabbatacce ba (kamar hadarin jirgin sama da ba a dawo da shi ba a teku), bayan bincike (duba ƙasa). Irin wannan aikace-aikacen ya kasance takamaiman ga kotun inda aka yi shi - don haka dole ne a yi aikace-aikace daban-daban a binciken mai bincike, don aiwatar da shi a ƙarƙashin Ayyukan Matrimonial Causes da Civil Partnership Acts (don sake aure), don tabbatarwa, da kuma ƙarƙashin Dokar Tsaro ta Jama'a.

##### Dokar Tsayawa ta Mutuwa ta shekarar 2013
Wadannan matakai ba a dauke su gamsarwa ba, don haka a watan Fabrairu da Maris na shekarar 2013, an zartar da **** don sauƙaƙe wannan tsari. Sabuwar dokar, wacce ta dogara ne akan Dokar Tsayawa ta Mutuwa (Scotland) ta  shekarar 1977,  tana ba da damar yin amfani da ita ga Babban Kotun don bayyana mutumin da ake zaton ya mutu. Wannan sanarwa ta ƙarshe ce kuma ba za a iya daukaka kara ba. An rubuta shi a kan sabon Registry of Presumed Deaths, kuma yana da irin wannan sakamako kamar rajistar mutuwa. Ana ɗaukar mutuwa ta faru a ranar ƙarshe da za su iya kasancewa da rai (idan kotun ta gamsu da cewa sun mutu), ko (b) ranar shekaru bakwai bayan ranar da aka gan su na ƙarshe (idan an ɗauka mutuwa ta hanyar wucewar lokaci).

A Ingila da Wales, idan hukumomi sun yi imanin cewa ya kamata a gudanar da Bincike, mai bincike yankin ya ba da rahoto. Ana iya yin wannan don taimakawa iyali su sami takardar shaidar mutuwa wanda zai iya kawo rufewa. Bincike yana ƙoƙari ya kawo duk wani yanayi mai ban mamaki. Mai binciken ya shafi Sakataren Harkokin Shari'a, a karkashin Dokar Coroners ta shekarar 1988 sashi na 15, don bincike ba tare da jiki ba. Dokar shekaru bakwai ta shafi ne kawai a Babban Kotun Shari'a kan sasantawa na dukiya. A cewar mai magana da yawun Ma'aikatar Shari'a, yawan buƙatun da aka karɓa a kowace shekara ƙasa da goma ne, amma kaɗan daga cikin waɗannan an ƙi su. Ba tare da gawar ba, bincike ya dogara da shaidar da 'yan sanda suka bayar, da kuma ko manyan jami'ai sun yi imanin mutumin da ya ɓace ya mutu. Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun mutum da ake zaton ya mutu a ƙarƙashin Dokar shine 7th Earl of Lucan (Lord Lucan), wanda aka gani na ƙarshe da rai a 1974 (ko da yake akwai yawan abubuwan da ake zargi da gani tun daga wannan lokacin), kuma an ba da takardar shaidar mutuwarsa a watan Fabrairun shekarar 2016.

An yi la'akari da mutuwar da ake tsammani a Ingila da Wales a matsayin ƙasa - a watan Satumbar shekarar 2011, an kiyasta cewa kashi 1% ne kawai na mutane 200,000 da suka ɓace a kowace shekara sun kasance ba a ƙidaya su ba bayan watanni 12, tare da jimlar mutane 5,500 da suka ɓoye a watan Satumba na shekara ta 2011. A Scotland, an tsara fannoni na shari'a game da zaton mutuwa a cikin Dokar zaton Mutuwa (Scotland) 1977 (c. 27). Idan mutum ya zauna a Scotland a ranar da aka sani da su na ƙarshe, hukumomi na iya amfani da wannan aikin don bayyana mutumin ya mutu bisa doka bayan shekaru bakwai.A Arewacin Ireland, an tsara fannoni na shari'a game da zaton mutuwa a cikin Dokar zaton Mutuwa (Northern Ireland) 2009 (c. 6). Idan mutum ya zauna a Arewacin Ireland a ranar da aka sani da su na ƙarshe, hukumomi na iya amfani da wannan aikin don bayyana mutumin ya mutu bisa doka bayan shekaru bakwai.

### Amurka
Sanarwar mutumin da ya ɓace a matsayin wanda ya mutu bisa doka ya fada ƙarƙashin ikon kowane jiha sai dai idan akwai dalilin da ya sa gwamnatin tarayya ta sami iko (misali ma'aikatan soja da suka ɓace a cikin aiki).

Mutanen da suka ɓace galibi ana kiransu bace, ko kuma wani lokacin babu su. Ana kimanta ka'idoji da yawa don tantance ko za a iya ayyana mutum a matsayin matattu bisa doka:

* Jikin yau da kullun dole ne a ɓace daga gidansu ko zama na yau da kullun don tsawan lokaci, mafi yawanci Kasancewa dole ne ya kasance mai ci gaba da rashin tabbas (misali mutumin da bai ce sun sami sabon aiki ba kuma suna matsawa nesa  Babu wata hanyar sadarwa daga bikin tare da wadancan mutane sun ji daga gare su a lokacin da aka bata  Dole ne a sami wani ƙwazo amma ba a sami nasara ga mutum da / ko m amma bincike mara kyau a cikin inda suke.[Ana Buƙatar Hujja]

Farfesa Jeanne Carriere, a cikin "Hakkokin matattu: 'Yan matan da ke cikin dokar da aka bita" (wanda aka buga a cikin Dokar Dokar Louisiana), an tabbatar da cewa kusan Amurka 69,000.

A cewar Edgar Sentell, babban mataimakin shugaban kasa da ya yi ritaya kuma babban lauya na Kamfanin Inshora na Rayuwa na Kudancin Gona, kusan dukkanin jihohi sun amince da zaton mutuwa, ta hanyar doka ko amincewar shari'a game da dokar doka ta kowa. Wasu jihohi sun yi gyare-gyare ga dokokinsu don rage tsawon shekaru bakwai zuwa shekaru biyar a jere da suka ɓace, kuma wasu, kamar Minnesota da Georgia, sun rage lokacin zuwa shekaru huɗu.

Idan wani ya ɓace, waɗanda ke da sha'awar za su iya shigar da takarda don a ayyana su a matsayin matattu bisa doka. Dole ne su tabbatar da ka'idojin da ke sama cewa mutumin ya mutu a zahiri. Akwai iyakokin tsaro Mulki ga waɗannan hanyoyin: Dole ne zato ya taso ne kawai bayan lokacin da ya wuce. Dole ne a sanar da mutumin da ba ya nan. Kotuna suna ba da izinin sanar da masu da'awar ta hanyar bugawa. Dole ne a yi isasshen kariya game da tanadin dukiya idan mutumin da ba ya nan ya bayyana.

Wasu jihohi suna buƙatar waɗanda suka karɓi dukiyar mutumin da ya ɓace su dawo da su idan mutumin ya kasance da rai. Idan an bayyana mutum ya mutu lokacin da ya ɓace, ana rarraba dukiyarsa kamar sun mutu. A wasu lokuta, ana iya karyata zaton mutuwa. A cewar Sentell, kotuna za su yi la'akari da shaidar cewa mutumin da ba ya nan ya tsere daga adalci, yana da matsala ta kudi, yana da mummunar dangantaka, ko kuma ba shi da alaƙa ta iyali ko alaƙa da al'umma a matsayin dalilan da ba za a ɗauka mutuwa ba.

Ana iya ayyana mutum ya mutu bisa doka bayan an fallasa shi ga "haɗari mai zuwa" kuma ya kasa dawowa - kamar yadda aka nuna a hadarin jirgin sama, kamar yadda aka bayyana a fim din Cast Away . A cikin waɗannan lokuta kotuna galibi suna ɗaukar an kashe mutumin, duk da cewa lokacin jira na yau da kullun don bayyana wani ya mutu bai wuce ba. Sentell ya kuma ce, "Matsayin haɗari yana hanzarta zaton mutuwa. " An yi amfani da wannan doka bayan harin da aka kai a Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya, don hukumomi su iya fitar da takaddun shaida na mutuwa. Kodayake mutane ana zaton sun mutu wani lokacin suna da rai, ba sananne ba ne kamar yadda yake. A wani lamari inda wannan ya faru, wani mutum mai suna John Burney ya ɓace a 1976 yayin da yake da matsalolin kudi, kuma daga baya ya sake bayyana a watan Disamba 1982. Kamfaninsa da matarsa sun riga sun sami fa'idodin mutuwa - don haka, a lokacin da ya dawo, kamfanin inshorar rai ya kai shi, matarsa, da kamfaninsa kotu. A ƙarshe, kotun ta yanke hukuncin ayyukan Burney na zamba.

## Sake bayyana
Mutanen da suka ɓace, a lokuta masu wuya, an same su da rai bayan an ayyana su a matsayin matattu bisa doka (duba ƙasa). Fursunoni na yaki, mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan kwakwalwa waɗanda suka zama marasa gida kuma a cikin yanayi mai ban mamaki da ke satar wadanda aka yi wa, ana iya samun su shekaru bayan bacewarsu. Wasu mutane sun maƙaryaci mutuwarsu don kauce wa biyan haraji ko basussuka.

## Shahararrun lokuta

* Henry Hudson, mai binciken Ingila, ya bar bayan tawaye a cikin shekara ta 1611.
* Ambrose Bierce, mai bugawa, marubuci, ya ɓace a lokacin juyin juya halin Mexico a shekara  ta 1913.
* Arthur Irwin, tsohon dan wasan Major League Baseball, mai yiwuwa ya fadi (ko ya tsalle) daga jirgin ruwa daga Birnin New York zuwa Boston a 1921.
* Joseph Force Crater, alƙalin Birnin New York, ya ɓace a kan hanyar zuwa wasan kwaikwayo a shekarar 1930, ya bayyana ya mutu a 1939.
* Amelia Earhart, majagaba, mai jirgin sama, ta ɓace yayin jirgin sama a cikin shekara ta 1937.
* Ettore Majorana, masanin kimiyyar Italiya, ya ɓace a teku a shekara ta 1938.
* Richard Halliburton, marubuci kuma matafiyi, Tekun Pacific, ya ɓace a teku a shekara ta 1939.
* Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, ɗan jirgin sama na Faransa kuma marubuci, ya ɓace a ranar 31 ga wata Yuli, shekara ta 1944. Jirgin da aka samu a cikin teku a shekara ta 2000.
* Glenn Miller, mawaƙin jazz / jagora, wanda jirginsa ya ɓace a kan Channel Channel Channel, Disamba 15 ga wata, shekara ta 1944.
* Raoul Wallenberg, jami'in diflomasiyyar Sweden kuma mai ba da agaji, sojojin Soviet ne suka kama shi a Budapest a farkon shekarar  1945 kuma ya ɓace. Hukumar Haraji ta Sweden ta bayyana cewa ya mutu a ranar 31 ga watan Oktoba, shekara ta 2016,  .
* Paula Jean Welden, ɗalibar kwalejin Amurka wacce ta ɓace yayin da take tafiya a kan hanyar tafiya ta Vermont ta Long Trail, 1 ga Disamba, 1946.
* Vincent Mangano, ɗan gwagwarmayar Sicilian-Amurka, ya ɓace a watan Afrilu 1951 kuma ya bayyana ya mutu a ranar 30 ga Oktoba, 1961.
* David Kenyon Webster, marubuci, ya ɓace daga bakin tekun California a 1961, an san shi da farko a matsayin soja na Yaƙin Duniya na II tare da Easy Company, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin miniseries na HBO Band of Brothers .
* Michael Rockefeller, masanin ilimin ɗan adam, New Guinea, ya ɓace yayin da yake tafiya a cikin jirgin ruwa a 1961.
* Joe Gaetjens, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Haiti, wanda 'Yan sanda na sirri na Papa Doc suka sace a shekarar 1964.
* Harold Holt, Firayim Minista na Ostiraliya, An yi zaton ya nitse a shekarar 1967.
* Jim Thompson, mai tsara kayan ado na Amurka kuma ɗan kasuwa wanda ke zaune a Thailand, ya ɓace a kan tafiya a yankunan karkara na Malaysia a shekarar 1967. An ayyana shi ya mutu a shekara ta 1974 bayan bincike mai yawa.
* Donald Crowhurst, ɗan kasuwa, wanda ake zargi da kashe kansa a shekarar 1969 ta hanyar tsalle daga jirginsa. Daga baya aka gano jirgin a cikin ruwa kuma babu komai.
* Sean Flynn da Dana Stone,  'Yan jarida masu daukar hoto na Amurka. A ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 1970, Flynn da Stone sun ɓace yayin da suke aiki a Kambodiya. Ba a taɓa samun gawarwakinsu ba. Yarjejeniyar yanzu ita ce an tsare su sama da shekara guda kafin Khmer Rouge ya kashe su a watan Yunin 1971.  
* Hale Boggs da Nick Begich, 'yan siyasa na Amurka, wanda jirginsa ya ɓace a Alaska a shekarar 1972.
* Roberto Clemente, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Puerto Rican wanda ya ɓace bayan hadarin jirgin sama a Filin jirgin saman Luis Muñoz Marín a ranar 31 ga watan Disamba, shekarar 1972. Ba a taɓa samun jikinsa ba.
* Oscar Acosta, lauya kuma marubuci, ya ɓace a Mexico a shekara ta 1974. Abokin marubucin Hunter S. Thompson .
* Richard Bingham, 7th Earl of Lucan, ya ɓace a shekarar 1974 bayan an kashe mai kula da shi. An ayyana shi ya mutu a shekarar 2016.
* Jimmy Hoffa, shugaban kungiyar kwadago, ya ɓace a shekara ta 1975.
* Slim Wintermute, ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando, ya ɓace yayin da yake tafiya a cikin 1977.
* Helen Brach, magajin kamfanin Brach, ta ɓace a shekara ta 1977, an yi zaton an kashe ta; an bayyana ta mutu a shekara ta 1984.
* John Brisker, ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando, ya ɓace a Uganda a shekara ta 1978.
* Frederick Valentich, mai jirgin sama na Australiya, ya ji labarin karshe yana kwatanta UFO a rediyo yayin da yake tashi da jirgin sama mai sauƙi a shekarar 1978. Ba a sami fashewa ko gawar ba.
* Etan Patz, wanda aka sace yayin da yake kan hanyarsa ta zuwa tashar bas din makaranta a Birnin New York a ranar 25 ga Mayu, 1979; an bayyana ya mutu a shekara ta 2001. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2012, an tuhumi wani mutum mai suna Pedro Hernandez da kisan Etan Patz bisa ga ikirarin da ya yi wa 'yan sanda, duk da rashin shaidar jiki.
* Ian Mackintosh, marubucin talabijin na Burtaniya kuma furodusa (Warship, The *Sandbaggers*, *Wilde Alliance*), an ɗauka ya mutu a watan Yulin 1979 bayan jirgin da yake tashi ya ɓace a kan Tekun Alaska. Ba a sami fashewar jirgin ba kuma ba a sake jin labarin fasinjojin jirgin ba.
* Azaria Chamberlain, jariri na Australiya wanda wani dingo ya sace shi a kusa da Uluru a shekarar 1980, ya bayyana cewa ya mutu a shekarar 2012.
* David A. Johnston, masanin dutsen wuta. Ba a taɓa samun jikinsa ba tun lokacin fashewar Dutsen St. Helens a 1980.
* John Favara, makwabcin shugaban Mafia John Gotti, ya ɓace a ranar 28 ga Yuli, 1980, watanni da yawa bayan ya kashe ɗan Gotti mai shekaru 12 mai suna Frank. An ayyana Favara a matsayin mai mutuwa a shekarar 1983.
* Ronald Jorgensen, wanda aka yanke masa hukuncin kisa a New Zealand, ya ɓace a shekarar 1984, mai yiwuwa ya yi kama da kansa.
* Federico Caffè, masanin tattalin arziki na Italiya, ya ɓace a shekarar 1986.
* Suzy Lamplugh, wakilin dukiya, ya ɓace a London a 1986 yayin da yake nuna gida ga Mista Kipper; ba a taɓa samun jikinta ba.
* Clarabelle "C.B. Lansing, mai kula da jirgin sama da aka fitar daga Aloha Airlines Flight 243 a cikin 1988 lokacin da rufin jirgin ya fashe a tsakiyar jirgin; jikinta ya ɓace a cikin Tekun Pacific.
* Fasinjoji tara sun fita daga United Airlines Flight 811 a cikin 1989 biyo bayan fitowar ƙofar kaya; jikinsu sun ɓace a cikin Tekun Pacific, tare da akalla ɗaya da aka shayar cikin injiniya na 3.
* Teddy Wang, ɗan kasuwa, Hong Kong, an sace shi a cikin 1990.
* Chekannur Maulavi, masanin Alkur'ani na Musulunci daga Kerala, Indiya, ya ɓace a 1993, yanzu an yi imanin cewa an kashe shi.
* Richey Edwards, guitarist / lyricist, Manic Street Preachers, ya ɓace a cikin 1995. An ayyana shi ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba 2008. 
* Larry Hillblom, ɗan kasuwa, wanda ya kafa DHL, jirgin sama ya fadi a teku a ranar 21 ga Mayu, 1995, amma ba a taɓa samun jikin ba.
* Don Lewis, mai kula da namun daji mai arziki wanda ya ɓace a cikin 1997 kuma daga baya ya yi zaton matarsa, Carole Baskin, ta ba da abinci ga damisa, wanda jerin Netflix Tiger King suka shahara.
* Scott Smith, dan wasan bass na Loverboy, ya ɓace a teku a shekara ta 2000.
* Rilya Wilson, jaririn kula da yara na Amurka, ya ɓace yayin da yake ƙarƙashin kulawar iyaye masu kula da yara da iyalai na Florida (DCF) suka nada.
* Sneha Anne Philip, likitan Birnin New York da aka gani a daren da ya gabata kafin Hare-haren ta'addanci na Satumba 11, 2001, wanda daga baya aka yi mata hukuncin mutu.
* Bison Dele, dan wasan kwallon kwando na NBA na Amurka wanda ya ɓace daga Tahiti a 2002; an yi imanin cewa ɗan'uwansa ne ya kashe shi a teku.
* Ray Gricar, lauyan gundumar Center County, Pennsylvania, ya ɓace a shekara ta 2005, ya bayyana ya mutu a shekara ta 2011.
* Natalee Holloway ta ɓace a Aruba a ranar 30 ga Mayu, 2005, kuma an ayyana ta a matsayin ta mutu a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 2012. Ba a sami gawarwakin ba.
* Jim Gray, mai binciken kimiyyar kwamfuta, ya ɓace yana tafiya a kusa da San Francisco a cikin 2007, ya bayyana ya mutu a cikin 2012.
* Marquis Cooper, ɗan wasan Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka na Oakland Raiders na NFL, ya fita zuwa teku daga Florida tare da abokansa uku, Cooper da abokansa biyu ba a taɓa samun su ba. Matar Cooper ta shigar da takardar shaidar mutuwar da aka yi la'akari da ita jim kadan bayan bacewar. Ba a san ko an ba ta daya ba.
* Madeline McCann ta ɓace a ranar 3 ga watan  Mayu,shekara ta 2007, a Portugal.
* Malaysia Airlines Flight 370's 12 ma'aikata da 227 fasinjoji, kamar yadda aka ɗauka cewa jirgin ya fadi a kudancin Tekun Indiya a cikin 2014.
* William Tyrrell ya ɓace a gidan kakanninsa a cikin shekara ta 2014, an yi imanin cewa an sace shi amma hukumomi ba su da tabbaci game da abin da ya faru.
* Ahmad Motevaselian, jami'in soja na Iran da aka sace kuma ya ɓace a Lebanon
* Valery Ilych Khodemchuk, ma'aikaci a Chernobyl's reactor 4 a daren bala'in, an yi imanin cewa an kashe shi a fashewar farko.
* Devonte Hart, yaro dan Afirka na Amurka wanda aka sani da kasancewa batun hoton shekarar 2014 na shi yana rungumar jami'in 'yan sanda. Ya ɓace a ranar 26 ga Maris, 2018; an yi imanin cewa mahaifiyarsa masu cin zarafinsa ne suka kashe shi a cikin nutsewar mota da gangan, kuma jikinsa ya kwashe cikin teku. An ayyana shi a matsayin mai mutuwa a ranar 3 ga watan Afrilu, shekara ta 2019. 
* Karl-Erivan Haub, ɗan kasuwa na Jamusanci-Amurka, darektan kuma mai mallakar Tengelmann Group. Ya ɓace yayin da yake hawa kan dutse a cikin Swiss Alps a ranar 7 ga watan Afrilu, shekara ta 2018, ya bayyana ya mutu a ranar 14 ga watan Mayu,shekara ta 2021.
* Daniel Küblböck, mawaƙin Jamus kuma mai nishadantarwa. Ya ɓace daga jirgin ruwa a Arewacin Atlantic a ranar 9 ga watan Satumba, shekara ta 2018, an ayyana ya mutu a ranar 10 ga  watan Maris, shekara ta 2021.

### Daga baya aka gano

#### Rayuwa

* William Harrison, mai mallakar Ingila ya ɓace yayin tafiya a Chipping Campden a cikin shekara ta 1660. An zargi uku daga cikin bayinsa da kisan kai kuma an rataye su a shekara ta 1661, amma Harrison ya sake bayyana a shekara ta 1662 yana mai cewa 'Yan fashi na Barbary sun sace shi.
* Guillaume Le Gentil, masanin taurari na Faransa, ya bayyana ya mutu a cikin shekarun 1760 bayan ya ɓace a teku na tsawon shekaru 11. Ya mutu a shekara ta 1792. 
* José María Grimaldos López, makiyayi na Mutanen Espanya ya ɓace a Osa de la Vega bayan sayar da dabba a 1910. An zargi maza biyu da kashe shi don sata kudi kuma an yanke musu hukuncin shekaru 18 a kurkuku a 1918, amma an sami Grimaldos da rai a 1926.
* Lawrence Joseph Bader, mai siyarwa daga Toledo, Ohio, ya ɓace a kan tafiya ta kamun kifi a 1957 kuma an ayyana shi ya mutu a 1960. A shekara ta 1965 an same shi yana zaune a Omaha, Nebraska, a matsayin "Fritz" Johnson, mai yiwuwa yana fama da Amnesia.
* Ishinosuke Uwano, tsohon soja na Sojojin Daular Japan, ya bayyana mutu a shekara ta 2000 duk da haka ya gabatar da kansa a matsayin mai rai kuma yana zaune a Ukraine ga gwamnatin Japan a shekara ta 2006.
* John Darwin, Mai zamba, ya yi ƙarya da mutuwarsa a shekara ta 2002.
* Francisco Paesa, wakilin Centro Nacional de Inteligencia, hukumar sirri ta Mutanen Espanya. A shekara ta 1998 ya yi kama da mummunan bugun zuciya a Thailand, bayan ya yaudari Luis Roldán, wanda aka sani da kasancewa janar na tsaron farar hula na Spain lokacin da babban cin hanci da rashawa ya tashi a 1993, don satar duk kuɗin da Roldán ya sace a baya a wannan yanayin. Ya bayyana a shekara ta 2004. A cikin waɗannan shekarun, ya buɗe wani kamfani na waje, daga baya aka fallasa shi a cikin Takardun Panama.
* An gano Natasha Ryan da rai a tsakiyar shari'ar mutumin da ake zargi da kashe ta.
* An yi imanin cewa Thabo Bester ya kashe kansa a cikin kurkukunsa, amma an same shi da rai kuma daga baya aka bayyana cewa ya tsere daga kurkuku.

#### Matattu

* Steve Fossett, mai ba da labari na jirgin sama / jirgin ruwa, ya mutu a hadarin jirgin sama a shekara ta 2007, ya bayyana ya mutu kafin a sami gawar a shekara ta 2008.
* Ridwan Kamil">Emmeril Kahn Mumtadz, ɗan gwamnan West Java, Indonesia, Ridwan Kamil, danginsa ne suka ayyana ya mutu a ranar 3 ga Yuni, 2022, bayan ya ɓace a Aare, Switzerland a ranar 26 ga Mayu, 2022. An gano jikinsa a ranar 9 ga Yuni a madatsar ruwan Engehalde .
* Julian Sands, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. Ya ɓace a ranar 13 ga Janairu, 2023, yayin da yake tafiya a Dutsen Baldy. An gano gawarsa kuma an tabbatar da mutuwarsa a ranar 27 ga Yuni, 2023.

## Dubi kuma

* *Cestui que vie Dokar 1540*
* *Dokar Rayuwa ta Cestui 1707*
* Mutuwar ƙarya
* Rashin da aka tilasta
* Mutuwa ta shari'a
* Jerin mutanen da suka ɓace
* Mutumin da ya ɓace

## Bayani

## Manazarta