Yemọja

**Yemọja** (kuma: Yemaja, Yemanjá, Yemoyá, Yemayá; akwai rubuce-rubuce daban-daban a wasu harsuna) babban allahn ruwa ne a addinin Yarabawa .  Ita 'yar Oriṣa ce, kuma mai kula da koguna, musamman Kogin Ogun a Najeriya, da kuma tekuna a cikin addinan Orisha na Cuba da Brazil. Sau da yawa ana haɗa ta da Uwargidanmu ta Regla a cikin al'ummomin Afro-Cuban ko wasu siffofi na Virgin Mary na Cocin Katolika, wani al'ada da ta taso a lokacin cinikin bayi na Trans-Atlantic . Ana cewa Yemọja uwa ce kuma mai karewa sosai, kuma tana kula da dukkan 'ya'yanta sosai, tana kwantar musu da hankali da kuma tsarkake su daga baƙin ciki. Ana cewa tana iya warkar da rashin haihuwa a cikin mata, kuma harsashin cowrie yana wakiltar dukiyarta. Ba ta yin fushi cikin sauƙi, amma idan ta fusata za ta iya zama mai ɓarna da tashin hankali, kamar ambaliyar ruwan koguna masu rikitarwa. Wannan yana sa ta wani lokacin ta danganta da wani babban allahn ruwa, Olokun . Wasu daga cikin firistocin Yemọja sun yi imanin cewa ta yi amfani da ruwanta mai kyau don taimakawa Obàtálá wajen ƙera mutane da yumbu.

Yawancin masu bauta wa Yemọja galibi ana kwatanta su da wata dabba mai kama da ruwa, kuma ana danganta su da ruwa, asiri na mata, da wata a wasu al'ummomin da ke zaune a ƙasashen waje. Ita ce mai kare mata. Tana kula da duk abin da ya shafi mata; tarbiyya, tsaron yara, ƙauna, da warkarwa. A cewar wasu imani, lokacin da ruwanta ya fashe, ya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa mai yawa wanda ya haifar da koguna da koguna kuma an halicci mutane na farko masu mutuwa daga cikin mahaifarta.

## Nau'ikan sunaye

* Yoruba : Yemọja, Yemaja, Iyemọja, Yemọnja, Iyemọnja, Iyemɛja ko Yemɛja in some Yorùbá dialect variants 
* Harsunan Fotigal na Brazil: Yemanjá, Iemanjá, Janaína, Mãe da Água 
* Haruffan Sifaniyanci na Cuba, Puerto Rico, da sauran ƙasashen da ke magana da Sifaniyanci: Yemayá, Yemallá
* Sharuɗɗan Faransanci don ruhohin memaid: La Sirène, Mère de L'Eau
* Pidgin/Creole Languages : Mami Wata
* Trinidad Orisha : Emanja, Yemonjá 
* Louisiana Voodoo : Yemeya

## Afirka

A al'adun gargajiya na Yarbawa da kuma ruhin addini, *Yemọja* ruhi ce ta uwa ; ruhin kula da mata, musamman mata masu juna biyu ; ita ce allahn kogin Ogun (Odò Ògún) amma tana da wasu koguna da aka keɓe mata a duk faɗin ƙasar Yarabawa. Bugu da ƙari, ana bauta mata a kusan kowace rafi, rafi, maɓuɓɓugai ban da rijiyoyi da magudanan ruwa.

Sunanta ƙanƙantar kalmomin Yarbawa ne mai suna *Iye*, wani yare ne na "ìyá" wanda ke nufin "uwa"; *ɗa*, ma'ana "yaro"; da kuma *ẹja*, ma'ana "kifi"; an fassara shi a zahiri kalmar tana nufin "uwar 'ya'yan kifi". Wannan yana wakiltar girman mahaifiyarta, haihuwarta, da kuma mulkinta a kan dukkan abubuwa masu rai.

Akan nuna allolin kogin Yemọja a matsayin wata dabbar ruwa, har ma a Yammacin Afirka, kuma tana iya ziyartar duk wasu wurare na ruwa, amma gidanta da kuma masarautar da take da ita koguna ne da rafuka, musamman Kogin Ogun a Najeriya.

Abubuwan bautar kogi a ƙasar Yarbawa sun haɗa da Yemo̩ja, Ọ̀ṣun (Oshun), Erinlè̩, Ọbà, Yewa, da dai sauransu. Olókun ne ya cika aikin bautar teku a ƙasar Yarbawa, yayin da Yemọja shi ne shugaban sauran gumakan kogi.

## Amurka
A Yammacin Afirka, ana bauta wa Yemọja a matsayin babban allahn kogi, amma a Brazil da Cuba ana bauta mata galibi a matsayin allahn teku/teku.

### Brazil
A Candomblé da Umbanda, Yemanjá yana ɗaya daga cikin Orixás guda bakwai. Ana amfani da fararen furanni a matsayin hadaya ta ibada.  Ita ce *Sarauniyar Teku*, ruhin masunta da waɗanda suka tsira daga hatsarin jirgin ruwa, ƙa'idar halitta ta mata, da kuma ruhin hasken wata. Asabar ita ce ranar da aka keɓe ta Yemanjá. 

* Launuka: shuɗi mai haske da lu'ulu'u 
* Launin tufafi na al'ada: shuɗi mai haske 
* Kayan ado na al'ada ko abin wuya: beads na lu'ulu'u
* Salutation na ibada: Odô-Iya, Erù-Iya, Odôfiaba
* Alamomi: harsashi, duwatsun teku

#### Daidaito
A Brazil, Yemanjá an daidaita shi tare da Uwargidanmu na Navigators (Nossa Senhora dos Navegantes) da Uwargidanmu na Conception (Nossa Senhora da Conceição). 

#### Abubuwa masu tsarki
Abubuwan alfarma da ke da alaƙa da Yemanjá waɗanda aka sanya a cikin pegi, ɗakin ko sararin da aka keɓe ga orixá, sun haɗa da:

* Jita-jita da faranti
* Wuraren ƙasa
* 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari: obi ( *[[Goro|Cola acuminata]]* ) da kuma kola goro ( *Garcinia kola* )
* Fararen kwalba ko tukwane
* Fararen lambobin yabo ko tsabar kuɗi 

#### Hadaya ta al'ada
Ana yanka kaji na Guinea, agwagwa, kaza, da kuma akuya ("orô") a ranakun bukukuwa da ke da alaƙa da Yemanjá a cikin al'adar Candomblé. Dole ne a jefa dabbobin da aka yanka wa Yemonja a cikin ruwa don zubar da su. 

#### Abincin al'ada

* Garin Angu, manioc ko masara da aka tafasa a cikin ruwa ko madara
* Abincin masara
* Lelé, abin sha na farin masara da aka dafa a cikin madarar kwakwa
* Obi, 'ya'yan itacen *Cola acuminata*
* Albasa, wanda aka fi sani da *alubaça*
* Shinkafa
* Masara fari 

#### Bukukuwa

* A Salvador, Bahia, Candomblé na bikin Iemanjá a ranar da Cocin Katolika ya keɓe wa Uwargidanmu ta Teku (Nossa Senhora dos Navegantes).  Kowace 2 ga Fabrairu, dubban mutane suna layi da asuba don barin hadayunsu a wurin ibadarta da ke Rio Vermelho . Kyauta ga Iemanjá sun haɗa da furanni da abubuwan ado na mata (turare, kayan ado, tsefe, jan baki, madubai). Ana tattara waɗannan a cikin manyan kwanduna kuma masunta na gida su kai su teku. Bayan haka, sai a yi babban biki a kan titi.  
* A Pelotas, Jihar Rio Grande do Sul, a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, an ɗauki hoton Nossa Senhora dos Navegantes zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Pelotas. Kafin a rufe bikin Katolika, jiragen ruwan sun tsaya suka karɓi bakuncin mabiyan Umbanda waɗanda ke ɗauke da hoton Iemanjá, a wani taro na syncretic wanda dubban mutane ke kallo a bakin teku. 
* Ana kuma yin bikin Iemanjá kowace ranar 8 ga Disamba a Salvador, Bahia . Festa da Conceição da Praia (biki zuwa ga Lady of Conception na coci a bakin teku)  hutu ne na birni da aka keɓe ga waliyyin Katolika da kuma ga Iemanjá. Wani biki kuma yana faruwa a wannan rana a Pedra Furada, Monte Serrat a Salvador, Bahia, wanda ake kira *Kyauta ga Iemanjá*, lokacin da masunta ke bikin ibadarsu ga Sarauniyar Teku.
* A Jihar São Paulo, ana bikin Iemanjá a ƙarshen mako biyu na farko na Disamba a bakin tekun birnin Praia Grande . A waɗannan kwanakin motoci da yawa da aka ƙawata da gumakan Iemanjá da launuka (fari da shuɗi) suna yawo daga tsaunukan São Paulo zuwa gabar teku, wasu daga cikinsu suna tafiya ɗaruruwan mil. Dubban mutane suna yin zanga-zanga kusa da mutum-mutumin Iemanjá a bakin tekun Praia Grande.

* A jajibirin Sabuwar Shekara a Brazil, miliyoyin 'yan Brazil, daga dukkan addinai, sanye da fararen kaya suna taruwa a bakin teku don maraba da Sabuwar Shekara, kallon wasan wuta, da kuma jefa fararen furanni da sauran kyaututtuka a cikin teku ga allahiya da fatan za ta biya musu buƙatunsu na shekara mai zuwa. Wasu suna aika kyaututtukansu ga lemanjá a cikin kwale-kwalen kayan wasan katako. Tsallake raƙuman ruwa bakwai suma abu ne da aka saba gani. Ana sayar da zane-zanen lemanjá a shagunan Rio kusa da zane-zanen Yesu da waliyyai na Katolika. Suna nuna ta a matsayin mace da ke tashi daga teku. Ana barin ƙananan kyaututtukan furanni da kyandirori masu iyo a cikin teku a dare da yawa a Copacabana.  

### Kuba
A Santería ko regla de ocha, Yemayá ita ce uwar dukkan halittu masu rai kuma mamallakin tekuna da tekuna. 

* Launuka: Akwai hanyoyi da yawa zuwa Yemayá, Okute, Asesú, Achabá da Mayelewo, kuma kowannensu yana da haɗin launi wanda ke da shuɗi duka a matsayin ma'auni iri ɗaya.
* Launin tufafi na al'ada: Shuɗi.
* Lambar al'ada: Bakwai.
* Kayan ado na al'ada ko sarka: Ƙwallon shuɗi guda bakwai sai kuma ƙulla bakwai masu lu'ulu'u.
* Salutation na ibada: Omío Yemayá
*  Alamomi: Harsasai, duwatsun teku, kifi, ragar kifi, anga, duk abin da ya shafi teku.

#### Hadaya ta al'ada
Agwagwa, zakara da raguna.

#### Abincin al'ada ko adimús

* Ruwan rake, wanda ake kira *melado* a cikin Sifaniyanci.
* Kankana.
* *Malarrabia*, kayan zaki na Cuba.
* *Gofio,* fulawa da aka yi da hatsin gasasshe.
* Ƙwayoyin naman alade.

#### Bukukuwa

* A Havana, Cuba, ana bikin Yemayá a ranar 7 ga Satumba. Akwai jerin gwano a gundumar Regla, gidan Cocin Our Lady of Regla, wanda ke faruwa a kusa da wannan ranar, wanda al'ada ce da bayi Cabildos da zuriyarsu suka fara, wato Susana Cantero -Omí Toké- da Pepa Herrera -Echu Bí-.  
* Ya zama ruwan dare ga firistoci da firist da aka fara regla de ocha su yi addu'a ga Yemayá a ranar 6 ga Satumba wanda ake kira *vísperas* . 

### Uruguay
A Montevideo, masu ibada suna taruwa a bakin tekun Ramírez da ke unguwar Parque Rodó a kowace ranar 2 ga Fabrairu don bikin Ranar Iemanjá.  Dubban daruruwan mutane suna zaune suna jiran faɗuwar rana kafin su harba ƙananan jiragen ruwa dauke da abubuwan ciye-ciye a cikin teku.

A shekarar 2015, gwamnatin Uruguay ta kiyasta cewa mutane 100,000  sun ziyarci bakin teku don bikin.

## A cikin al'adun jama'a

* A cikin *fim ɗin Smite*, Yemoja wani hali ne da za a iya wasa da shi, wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar Yarabawa .
* A kashi na biyar na kakar wasa ta uku ta *Allolin Amurka*, Bilquis ya sami haske daga Yemoja.
* A cikin *fim ɗin Mumbo Jumbo* na Ishmael Reed, an yi zargin cewa Yemanjá yana da halin Earlline.
* A cikin faifan CD na Bobby Sanabria Big Band, *Afro-Cuban Dream: Live & In Clave!!!* (2000), waƙar "Olokun" ta sadaukar da kanta ga ɓangaren tashin hankali na Yemaya wanda aka ɗaure a cikin zurfin teku kuma kwatsam aka farka.
* A lokacin gasar kyau ta Miss Universe ta 2016, Miss Venezuela Mariam Habach ta sanya kayan ƙasa mai suna "Reina encantada del mar", wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi daga tatsuniyar Yemayá.   Kayan, wanda ya kai nauyin kilogiram 18 kuma an yi shi da mita 120 na organza tare da ɗaruruwan lu'u-lu'u da lu'ulu'u, ya yi girma sosai har ya hana motsinta kuma ya tilasta mata ci gaba da tura rigarta gaba,   har ta makale a cikin yadi kuma dole ne a taimaka mata ta fita daga kan dandamali. 
* A cikin littafin tatsuniya *na Skin of the Sea* na Natasha Bowen na shekarar 2021, Yemoja ita ce mahaliccin Mami Wata .
* A cikin waƙar "Think of You" ta Ibeyi, waƙoƙin mawakan Faransa da Cuba, sun haɗa da ambaton 'yan orishas Moyuba, Oshun, Shango da Yemaya. Waƙar "Yemaya" ta Alfredo Rodriguez kuma tare da Ibeyi an sanya mata suna ne saboda ruhin.
* A cikin wasan kwaikwayo na 2021 *[https://www.concordtheatricals.com/p/94587/cullud-wattah#:~:text=Full-Length%20Play%2C%20Drama%20%2F,Public%20Theater%20Production%20(Joan%20Marcus) na cullud wattah]* na Erika Dickerson-Despenza, Reesee ta yi addu'a ga allahiya Yemoja don taimakawa wajen dawo da ruwa mai tsafta zuwa garinsu na Flint, Michigan, a lokacin matsalar ruwa ta Flint .

## Nassoshi