Hanyoyi a Ghana

Hanyoyi a Ghana suna samar da hanyar sadarwa mai inganci da iya aiki iri-iri. Alhakin hanyar sadarwar hanya ya bambanta tsakanin gangar jikin da kuma hanyoyin da ba na gangar jikin ba. Titunan gangar jikin, waɗanda su ne mafi mahimmancin tituna, ana gudanar da su ne daga Hukumar Kula da Manyan Hanya ta Ghana, wacce aka kafa a cikin 1974 don haɓaka hanyar sadarwar gangar jikin. Ghana na da jimilar hanyoyin sadarwa na 94,203&nbsp;km wanda kashi 27% an shimfida shi da kashi 73% wanda ba a kwance ba.   

Ma'aikatar Hanyoyin ciyarwa tana da alhakin gina da kuma kula da hanyoyin ciyarwa a Ghana, yayin da alhaken hanyoyin birane ke cikin Ma'aikatu na Hanyoyin Birane. A cikin ƙarni na 18 da 19, Daular Ashanti ta gina hanyar sadarwa mai rikitarwa don haɗa Kumasi da yankunansu a Ghana ta zamani. Ga John Thornton, waɗannan hanyoyi sun inganta sufuri a fadin yankin ta karni na 19. 

Ana nuna nisan hanya a cikin kilomita kuma ana nuna iyakar gudun Ghana a cikin kilomita cikin awa daya (km/h). Gabaɗaya, ƙayyadaddun saurin gudu yana daga  a cikin birane,  akan manyan titunan Yanki da Yanki (Hanyoyin **R** da **IR** ),  akan manyan tituna na ƙasa (Hanyoyin **N** ) da  a kan manyan motoci. 

## Rarraba
An rarraba hanyoyin gangar jikin a Ghana azaman **N** don hanyoyin ƙasa, **R** don hanyoyin Yanki, da **IR** don hanyoyin Yanki. Ana ba kowace hanya lamba wacce aka haɗa da prefix, misali N1, R40 da IR11, kodayake ana iya amfani da sunayensu na yau da kullun ko na gargajiya ko kuma a ji su lokaci-lokaci: misali hanyar Accra - Kumasi (yanzu ɓangare na N6 ).

### Hanyoyin ƙasa
Hanyoyin kasa a Ghana rukuni ne na tituna da manyan tituna waɗanda ke samar da hanyar gangar jikin tsakanin manyan biranen. Tare, sun zama kashin bayan tsarin hanya. An tsara wannan nau'in hanyoyi tare da harafin **N** tare da lamba mai nuna takamaiman hanya.  Hanyoyin da ba su da ƙima suna tafiya gabas zuwa yamma, yayin da ma-ƙididdigar hanyoyi suna tafiya arewa zuwa kudu.

#### Jerin hanyoyin
**AS** yankin Ashanti, yankin **BA** Brong-Ahafo, **CR** ta tsakiya, **ER** Gabas, **GR** Greater Accra yankin, **NR** Arewa yankin, **UE** Upper Gabas yankin, **UW** Upper Yamma yankin, **VR** Volta yankin, **WR** Western Region.

### Hanyoyin tsakanin yankuna
Hanyoyin Inter-Regional, waɗanda aka tsara tare da prefix **IR**, suna haɗa manyan ƙauyuka da manyan biranen yanki a kan iyakokin yanki. Gudun gabas zuwa yamma sune hanyoyi masu lamba, yayin da hanyoyin arewa maso kudu suna da lamba.

#### Jerin hanyoyin
**AS** Yankin Ashanti, Yankin **UW**">BA Brong-Ahafo, Yankin Tsakiya na **CR**, Yankin **ER** Gabas, Yankin **GR** Babban Yankin Accra, Yankin **NR** Arewa, Yankin Gabas ta Gabas, WW Yankin Yamma, Yankin **VR** Volta, Yankin **WR** Yamma

### Hanyoyin yanki
Hanyoyin yanki sune haɗuwa da hanyoyin fa**R** da na biyu waɗanda ke haɗa manyan ƙauyuka kuma suna aiki a matsayin hanyoyin ciya**R** zuwa hanyar sadarwa ta ƙasa. Ana sanya **Manyan hanyoyin yanki** tare da harafin R wanda lambar lambobi biyu ta biyo baya, yayin da **Ƙananan hanyoyin yanki** ke sanya su da harafin C wanda lambar lambu uku ta biyo baya.

Bayyanawa a matsayin hanyar Yankin ba ya nuna cewa wata hanyar da ke kula da ita ta hanyar yanki; wasu sassan hanyar sadarwa ta Yankin suna kula da su ta Hukumar Hanyar Ghana, kuma sassan birane da garuruwa na iya zama tituna na yau da kullun da Ma'aikatar Hanyar Birane da Ma'aikatan Hanyar Feeder ke kula da su. Hanyoyin yanki sun bambanta da inganci da girman daga hanyoyin datti zuwa manyan hanyoyi masu yawa.

#### Manyan hanyoyin yanki
Manyan hanyoyin yanki sune rukuni na biyu na hanya a cikin hanyar sadarwa ta Ghana. Suna aiki a matsayin hanyoyin ciyarwa zuwa hanyar sadarwa ta ƙasa, kuma sune manyan hanyoyi a yankunan da babu hanyar ƙasa.

##### Jerin hanyoyin
**AS** Yankin Ashanti, Yankin **BA** Brong-Ahafo, Yankin Tsakiya na **CR**, Yankin **ER** Gabas, Yankin **GR** Babban Yankin Accra, Yankin **NR** Arewa, Yankin Gabas ta Gabas, WW Yankin Yamma, Yankin **VR** Volta, Yankin **WR** Yamma

#### Ƙananan hanyoyin yanki
Ƙananan Hanyoyin Yankin sune rukuni na uku na hanya a cikin hanyar sadarwa ta Ghana. Suna aiki a matsayin hanyoyin ciyarwa da ke haɗa ƙananan garuruwa zuwa cibiyar sadarwa ta ƙasa da manyan yankuna.

##### Jerin hanyoyin
**AS** Yankin Ashanti, Yankin **BA** Brong-Ahafo, Yankin Tsakiya na **CR**, Yankin **ER** Gabas, Yankin **GR** Babban Yankin Accra, Yankin **NR** Arewa, Yankin Gabas ta Gabas, WW Yankin Yamma, Yankin **VR** Volta, Yankin **WR** Yamma

## Alama
 
Alamomi a kan hanyar sadarwar Ghana sun dace da ka'idojin kasa da kasa. Dukkanin nisan suna nunawa a cikin kilomita, saurin yana cikin kilomita a kowace awa, yayin da tsawo da faɗin ƙuntatawa suna nunawa cikin mita. Alamomi na iya zama na bayani, gargadi ko yanayin koyarwa. Alamun koyarwa gabaɗaya suna da zagaye, gargadi suna da triangular, kuma alamun bayanai suna da rectangular ko murabba'i. Alamun bayanai, waɗanda suka haɗa da alamun shugabanci, suna amfani da fararen rubutu a kan bango mai launin shudi.

## Manazarta