Timoclea

**Timoclea** ko **Timocleia na Thebes** ( Ancient Greek   ) mace ce wadda Plutarch ya ba da labarinta a cikin littafinsa *Life of Alexander*, kuma mafi girma a cikin *kyawawan halayensa na Mulierum* ("Kyawawan Mata"). A cewar tarihin rayuwar Plutarch game da Alexander Mai Girma, lokacin da sojojinsa suka kwace Thebes a lokacin yakin Balkan na Alexander na 335 BC, sojojin Thracian sun kwace birnin, kuma wani kyaftin na Thracian ya yi wa Timocleia fyaɗe.  Bayan ya yi mata fyaɗe, kyaftin ɗin ya tambaye ta ko ta san wani kuɗi da aka ɓoye. Ta gaya masa cewa ta yi, ta kai shi lambunta, ta gaya masa akwai kuɗi da aka ɓoye a cikin rijiyarta .  Lokacin da kyaftin na Thracian ya sunkuya don ya duba cikin rijiyar, Timocleia ya tura shi ƙasa, sannan ya jefa manyan duwatsu ƙasa har sai kyaftin ɗin ya mutu. 

Daga nan sai sojojin Thracian suka kama ta aka kai ta gaban Alexander. Ta yi wa kanta ladabi da girmamawa ta gaya masa cewa ɗan'uwanta shine Theagenes, kwamandan ƙarshe na ƙungiyar tsarkakakkun Thebes, wanda ya mutu "don 'yancin Girka" a Yaƙin Chaeronea a shekara ta 338 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, mahaifin Alexander Philip na Macedon ya ci shi. Alexander, cike da sha'awar jarumtakarta kan "aikin jarumtaka" ya ba da umarnin a sake ta da 'ya'yanta ba tare da hukunci ba saboda kashe kyaftin ɗin Thracian, kamar yadda ya yanke hukunci cewa an riga an yi adalci.  

Labarin da ke cikin *kyawawan halayen Mulierum* iri ɗaya ne, sai dai an gaya wa kyaftin cewa taska, ta kwano na azurfa, zinariya da wasu kuɗi, tana ƙasan wata busasshiyar rijiya, wadda ya hau ciki. Lokacin da Timoclea ya ji cewa ya kai ƙasa, sai ta jefa masa duwatsu. Alexander ya kore ta ba tare da hukunci ba amma bai 'yantar da ita ko iyalinta ba. Maimakon haka ya gaya wa jami'ansa su kula da su da sauran sanannun iyalai, su tabbatar babu cin zarafi. 

Babban tushen Plutarch game da lamarin, kamar yadda ya ambata a wani wuri, shine labarin Aristobulus na Cassandreia,  wanda ya san Alexander sosai; wannan ya tsira ne kawai a cikin ambato daga wasu, wanda ƙila ba duka daidai bane. Karɓar Thebes ya faru ne a shekara ta biyu ta mulkin Alexander, kuma in ba haka ba wani abu ne mai zubar da jini, domin birnin shine jagora a cikin tawayen Girka, yana amfani da damar kisan gillar Philip, akan yarjejeniyoyin da ya aiwatar. Wataƙila Thebans 6,000 sun mutu, kuma an bautar da 30,000, kuma birnin ya daina wanzuwa tsawon shekaru da yawa. Wani aikin rahama da aka rubuta kawai shine cewa Alexander ya ba da umarnin a bar gidan da zuriyar mawaƙin Pindar (ya mutu kimanin 443 BC) su kaɗai. 

## A cikin zane-zane na baya

Timoclea wani fanni ne da ba kasafai ake samunsa a fannin zane-zane ba tun daga Renaissance zuwa yanzu, ba ta taɓa zama abin da ake yawan magana a kai ba a cikin abubuwan da suka faru da ke nuna cin zarafin mata na gargajiya da na Littafi Mai Tsarki ga maza da aka sani da Ikon Mata . Amma ta fito a cikin jerin zane-zanen *Rayuwar Alexander*, kuma akwai karuwar dabi'ar zane-zanen kotu na nuna Alexander a matsayin wakili ga ainihin sarki, da kuma jaddada ayyukan karimci ko jinƙai. 

Yawancin zane-zane sun nuna an kawo ta gaban Alexander, wanda zai iya zama wani ɓangare na zagayowar da ke nuna rayuwarsa.  Wannan haka yake a cikin zagayowar zane-zanen da aka zana a Fadar Fontainebleau a shekarun 1540 ta Francesco Primaticcio da tawagarsa. Wannan ya kasance a cikin ɗakin kwanan uwargidan Francois I, Duchess ta Étampes (1508–1580), kuma jimillar waƙoƙi goma sha ɗaya da suka tsira a yau an san su daga zane-zane ko kwafi ko zane-zane da suka tsira. Zagayen ya nuna rayuwar Alexander, amma ba tare da wani fifiko ga aikinsa na soja ba. Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin batutuwa uku daga zagayen da aka zana a matsayin bugu na Léon Davent .  Ba a saba gani ba a cikin wannan batu, amma galibi ga Makarantar Farko ta Fontainebleau, Timoclea tsirara ne lokacin da aka kawo shi ga Alexander.

A nan da kuma a wasu zane-zane, an ba wa mai magana wani tsari makamancin wanda aka fi sani da *The Continence of Scipio* ; mai magana shi ma ya jaddada girman kwamandan. Wani lokaci Timoclea yana tare da *Nahiyar* a cikin jerin,  kuma yana iya rikicewa da shi.  Bernard de Montfaucon ya haɗa labaran biyu a matsayin "Misalan tausayi da juriyar masu nasara" a cikin littafinsa na 1724. 

Ganin cewa *Rayuwar Alexander* ta shahara, labarin Timoclea wataƙila zai zama abin farin ciki idan ba a sami wani babban ɗan takara da ba shi da wani abin kunya ba a cikin siffar Iyalin Darius kafin Alexander, wanda aka fi sani da zane-zanen Veronese a Landan, wanda galibi ana haɗa shi cikin zagaye, kuma ya nuna cewa Alexander yana da karimci ga matan da aka kama a gabansa. 

Hoton da ya fi tasiri a cikin labarin Timoclea, idan aka yi la'akari da kwafi a cikin kwafi na tsawon ƙarni biyu bayan haka, [1] shine zanen da Domenichino ya yi a shekara ta 1615, wanda ke cikin tarin sarautar Faransa tun lokacin Louis XIV, sannan kuma Louvre . Ba kamar yawancin zane-zane ba, wannan yana nuna 'ya'yanta a fili. Wani tsari daban-daban, wanda ke nuna adadi ɗaya da rabi kawai, tare da Thracian yana ɓacewa a cikin rijiyar, ya fara bayyana a cikin zane na 1629-30 na Matthäus Merian, wani zane na littafi don sanannen tarihin duniyar Jamus ta Johann Ludwig Gottfried . Daga baya an daidaita wannan a cikin zanen mai ta Elisabetta Sirani . [2]

## Adabi daga baya
An yi wani wasan kwaikwayo, wanda yanzu ya ɓace, mai suna *Timoclea at the Siege of Thebes* a Hampton Court Palace a gaban Elizabeth I da kuma kotun Ingila a Candlemas 1574, a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu (wannan shekaru biyar ne kafin a buga fassarar Turanci mai tasiri ta Plutarch ta Thomas North ). Ba a san marubucin ba, kuma masu wasan kwaikwayon samari ne daga Makarantar Merchant Taylor, London, wanda ubangidansu Richard Mulcaster ya jagoranta.  Sun kasance ɗaya daga cikin kamfanoni da dama na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Ingila Renaissance da ke Landan. An rubuta wasan kwaikwayon da kuɗaɗen da aka kashe a cikin asusun Master of the Revels, kuma daga adadin safar hannu na yara da aka biya, ƙila sun haɗa da masu wasan kwaikwayo ashirin da huɗu. Wataƙila ba babban nasara ba ne, kamar yadda abin rufe fuska da aka shirya don biyo baya, tare da mata "masu haske waɗanda suke da ƙarfin hali" ba a "nuna su ba don Tediusnesse na wasan kwaikwayon a wannan daren." 

Timoclea ya kuma bayyana a cikin *Gynaikeion ko Takwas Littattafai na Tarihi daban-daban Game da Mata* na Thomas Heywood, 1624, kuma a matsayin ƙaramin hali a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na John Lyly *mai suna Campaspe*,  wani barkwanci da 'yan wasa samari suka yi. A cewar wannan, Timoclea da Campaspe dukkansu fursunoni ne a lokacin da Alexander ya ci Thebes, kuma an haɗa su a gaban Alexander, inda mutuncin Timoclea ya bambanta da bayanin Campaspe a matsayin "bawa mai tawali'u ga Alexander".  Daga baya Campaspe ta kasance uwar Alexander da mai zane-zanensa Apelles, kuma labari ne da aka saba gani a rayuwar Alexander a cikin zane-zane. 
Fayil:Timoclea.png|alt=The engraving of 1629–30 by Matthäus Merian, a book illustration.| Zane-zanen littafi na 1629-30 ta Matthäus Merian, zane-zanen littafi.
Fayil:Timoclea_(Schloss_Eggenberg).jpg|alt=Another adaptation of Merian's print, in a grand Baroque scheme in the Eggenberg Palace, Graz| Wani sabon gyare-gyare na bugun Merian, a cikin babban tsarin Baroque a Fadar Eggenberg, Graz
Fayil:Perrin_Alexandre_et_Timoclée_(2004_1_259).jpg|alt=A Neoclassical treatment by Jean-Charles Nicaise Perrin, 1782. The dead captain has been brought along as evidence.| Maganin Neoclassical na Jean-Charles Nicaise Perrin, 1782. An kawo kyaftin ɗin da ya mutu a matsayin shaida.


## Manazarta