open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Donna D. Shipton

**Donna D. Shipton** (an haife ta a  ) Laftanar Janar ce ta Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Amurka wacce ke aiki a matsayin kwamandan Cibiyar Gudanar da Zagayen Rayuwa ta Rundunar Sojan Sama . Cibiyar tana da alhakin kula da zagayowar rayuwa gaba ɗaya ga jiragen sama, injuna, harsasai, na'urorin lantarki, kwamfuta, hanyoyin sadarwa, tsarin tallafi na yanar gizo da kuma tsarin yaƙi mai saurin gudu. Cibiyar tana ɗaukar ma'aikata sama da 28,000 kuma tana da kasafin kuɗi sama da dala biliyan 300. A da, ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar soja ga Mataimakin Sakataren Rundunar Sojan Sama kan Saye, Fasaha da Jigilar Kaya .

Shipton ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin darekta kuma kwamandan rundunar sojin sama ta ofishin leken asiri ta kasa .   

## Ilimi

* 1991: Digiri na farko a fannin kimiyya, injiniyan lantarki, Jami'ar Clemson, Clemson, South Carolina
* 1995 Digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci, Jami'ar Chapman, Orange, California
* Horar da Sararin Samaniya da Makamai Masu Linzami na Digiri na 1996 - Kwas ɗin Ma'aikata, Sansanin Sojojin Sama na Vandenberg, California
* Makarantar Jami'an Rundunar Soja ta 1998, Maxwell AFB, Alabama
* 2000 Digiri na biyu a fannin gudanar da ayyuka, Jami'ar George Washington, Washington, DC
* 2005 Kwalejin Kwamandan Sojan Sama da Ma'aikata, Maxwell AFB, Alabama
* 2005 Digiri na biyu a fannin Tsarin Sararin Samaniya, Cibiyar Fasaha ta Sojojin Sama, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio
* Kwalejin Yaƙin Sama ta 2008, Maxwell AFB, Alabama, ta hanyar wasiƙu
* 2010 Digiri na biyu a fannin dabarun tsaron ƙasa, Kwalejin Yaƙin Ƙasa, Fort McNair, Washington, DC
* 2014 Kwas ɗin Manajan Shirin, Jami'ar Samun Tsaro, Fort Belvoir, Virginia
* 2017 Kwas ɗin Manajan Shirye-shiryen Gudanarwa, Jami'ar Tsaron Samun Tsaro, Fort Belvoir, Virginia 

## Aikin soja
Shipton ta sami aikinta a shekarar 1991 a matsayin fitacciyar mai digiri a fannin Air Force ROTC bayan ta kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Clemson, inda ta yi karatun injiniyan lantarki . Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin jami'ar gudanarwa ta shirin Air Force na masu tuka jiragen ruwa a Cibiyar Gudanar da Keke na Rayuwa ta Rundunar Sojan Sama, inda ta dauki nauyin tsarawa da aiwatar da dukkan ayyukan keke na rayuwa ga jiragen ruwan tankokin yaki na Rundunar Sojan Sama. 

A watan Yunin 2022, an zaɓi Shipton don ɗaukaka zuwa Laftanar Janar da kuma naɗa shi a matsayin mataimakiyar soja ga Mataimakin Sakataren Rundunar Sojan Sama kan Saye, Fasaha, da Jigilar Kaya . [1] [2] A watan Mayun 2023, an zaɓe ta don aikin kwamandan Cibiyar Gudanar da Keke na Sojojin Sama . [3] [4]

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Mijin Shipton jami'in rundunar sojin sama ne mai ritaya. 

## Manazarta
VeraLinn Jamieson

**VeraLinn Jamieson** (an haife ta a shekarar 1960) Laftanar Janar ce ta Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Amurka mai ritaya. Ta yi aiki a ƙarshe a matsayin Mataimakiyar Babban Hafsan Sojoji kan Leken Asiri, Sa ido da Bin diddigi, mukamin da ta riƙe daga 2016 zuwa 2020. [1] [2]

## Manazarta
Dami na Charles Granville

**Damiete Charles Granville** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1988) 'yar Najeriya ce kuma mai rike da lambar yabo ta MBGN Universe 2012 kuma ta wakilci Najeriya a gasar Miss World ta 2012.[1] Ta kuma kasance tsohuwar Miss Fresh Africa 2009.[2]

## Yarinya mafi kyau a Najeriya 2012
Ta yi gasa a matsayin Miss Rivers, Damiete ta sanya ta a matsayi na biyu a MGBN 2012 a babban wasan karshe da aka gudanar a Best Western Hotel a Benin City, Jihar Edo a ranar Asabar, 5 ga Mayu 2012. 

## Manazarta
Alice Wahome

Alice **Mūthoni** **Wahome** (an haife ta a ranar 28 ga watan Afrilu, 1959) 'yar siyasa ce ta Kenya. Ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatariyar majalisar ministoci ta ƙasa, ayyukan jama'a, gidaje da ci gaban birane. An zaɓi Wahome a matsayin 'yar majalisa ta mazaɓar Kandara a babban zaɓen watan Maris na shekarar 2013 kuma ta yi nasarar kare kujerarta a shekarar 2017 da 2022 kafin ta yi murabus daga kujerarta don shiga majalisar ministoci.  Wahome memba ce ta UDA.  Daga baya an kore ta daga aiki a matsayin sakatariyar majalisar ministoci a watan Yuli a shekarar 2024.

## Ilimi da aiki
Wahome ta yi karatun firamare a Karumu da kuma makarantar sakandare ta Siakago da karatun sakandare. Daga shekarun 1980 zuwa 1984, ta halarci Jami'ar Nairobi, inda ta sami digiri na farko a fannin shari'a.   Daga nan ta sami difloma ta gaba a fannin shari'a daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Kenya a shekarar 1985  wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama lauya ta hanyar sana'a. 

A shekarar 1988, ta yi aiki a ɗakin babban lauya a matsayin lauyan jiha, kuma a shekarar 1989 ta yi aiki a matsayin lauya a AM Wahome da Kamfanin Advocates.  Wahome tana da aure da Mr. Wahome, kuma suna da 'ya'ya huɗu.

## Aikin siyasa
A  babban zaɓen  Kenya na shekarar 2013, an zaɓi Wahome don wakiltar Mazaɓar Kandara a majalisar dokoki a ƙarƙashin tikitin jam'iyyar Jubilee. A  babban zaɓen na Kenya na shekarar 2017, ta sake samun kujerarta a ƙarƙashin jam'iyya mai mulki kuma ta lashe wa'adi na uku a zaɓen Agusta na 2022 bisa tikitin UDA.

Ta himmatu wajen inganta ayyukan tabbatar da adalci daga shekarun 1999 zuwa 2001 yayin da take aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar majalisar Fida.

Ta kuma yi wa'adin shekaru biyu a majalisar lauyoyin Kenya.

Bayan ta ci gaba da riƙe muƙaminta a zaɓen shekara ta 2022, ta yi murabus daga muƙaminta bayan da Shugaba William Ruto ya zaɓe ta a matsayin Sakatariyar Majalisar Ministoci kan Ruwa da Tsafta. Daga baya aka sallame ta daga muƙamin a ranar 11 ga watan Yuli, 2024.

## Manazarta
Patricia C. Lewis

Birgediya Janar **Patricia C. Lewis** ita ce Mataimakiyar Babban Likitan Fiɗa, Shirye-shirye da Shirye-shirye na Lafiya, kuma Shugabar Rundunar Kula da Lafiya, Ofishin Babban Likitan Fiɗa, Sansanin Sojojin Sama na Bolling, DC. A matsayinta na babbar mai shirye-shiryen Lafiya na Rundunar Sojojin Sama, manyan ayyukan Janar Lewis sun haɗa, nazari da kare Shirin Lafiyar Tsaro da sassan lafiya na kuɗaɗen Rundunar Sojojin Sama a lokacin Takardun Manufar Shirin, Takardar Yarjejeniyar Kasafin Kuɗi na Shirin da Takardar Yarjejeniyar Shirin. Ta ba da jagoranci na ƙwararru ga dukkan Hukumar Lafiya ta Rundunar Sojojin Sama . Hukumar Kula da Lafiya tana tallafawa ayyukan ma'aikata 39,000 da ke hidimar masu cin gajiyar miliyan 2.6 ta hanyar cibiyoyin kula da lafiya 75 a duk duniya tare da kasafin kuɗi na dala biliyan 6.3. A cikin matsayinta na biyu a matsayin Shugabar Rundunar Kula da Lafiya, Janar Lewis ita ce babbar mai kula da lafiya a Rundunar Sojojin Sama kuma tana da alhakin shiga, haɓakawa da kuma kula da ƙwararrun gudanarwa na kiwon lafiya 1,100 a cikin rundunar.

An haifi Janar Lewis a Highland Park, Michigan . Ta sami digirin farko a fannin kimiyyar zamantakewa da digiri na biyu a fannin gudanar da ilimi daga Jami'ar Philippines Manila . A shekarar 1979, ta sami kwamiti kai tsaye a Rundunar Sojojin Sama a matsayin Laftanar na biyu. Tana da takardar shaidar gudanarwa a fannin kula da lafiya ta hanyar Kwalejin Masu Gudanar da Lafiya ta Amurka.

Janar Lewis ta yi aiki a Hedikwatar Rundunar Sojojin Sama a matsayin Shugaban Shirye-shirye da Kimantawa a Ofishin Likitan Kwamanda, da kuma a Hedikwatar Rundunar Sojojin Sama ta Amurka a matsayin Shugaban Ma'aikata, Horarwa da Shirye-shiryen Lafiya. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin babban jami'i a Babban Likitan Kwamanda na Sojojin Sama da Darakta na Ayyukan Lafiya na Hedikwatar Hukumar Kula da Sojojin Sama. Shugabanninta sun hada da Rundunar Tallafin Lafiya ta 1 a Langley AFB, Virginia, da kuma Rukunin Likitoci na 366 a Mountain Home AFB, Idaho . Kafin aikinta na yanzu, Janar Lewis ita ce Kwamandan Hukumar Tallafin Lafiya ta Sojojin Sama, wata hukumar da ke aiki a fagen aiki wadda ke ba da rahoto ga Babban Likitan Kwamanda na Sojojin Sama. Janar Lewis ya yi ritaya daga USAF a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 2009.

## Ilimi

* 1977 digirin farko na fasaha a fannin kimiyyar zamantakewa, Jami'ar Philippines Manila
* 1979 Digiri na biyu a fannin gudanar da harkokin ilimi, Jami'ar Philippines Manila
* Makarantar Jami'an Rundunar Sojoji ta 1987, ta hanyar wasiƙu
* Kwalejin Sojojin Sama da Ma'aikata ta 1993, ta hanyar wasiƙu
* Kwalejin Yaƙin Sama ta 1996, ta hanyar wasiƙu

## Manazarta

* Tarihin Brig. Gen. Lewis na yanzu har zuwa Nuwamba 2006
Gladys Wanga

**Gladys Atieno Wanga** (née Nyasuna; an haife ta a ranar 7 ga watan Maris 1981) 'yar siyasa ce ta Kenya wacce ita ce Gwamnan gundumar Homa Bay na yanzu. Ita ce Gwamna mace ta farko daga Yankin Yammacin Ƙasar kuma ɗaya daga cikin gwamnoni mata bakwai da aka zaɓa a lokacin Babban Zaɓen Kenya na shekarar 2022. Ta taɓa yin aiki a matsayin Wakiliyar Mata na Gundumar Homa Bay daga shekarun 2013 zuwa 2022. Tana da aure da tsohon Shugaban Hukumar Kula da Makamashi da Man Fetur (EPRA), George Wanga. 

## Tarihi da ilimi
Gladys ta girma a cikin dangin siyasa suna bin sawun mahaifinta marigayi John Nyasuna, wanda a wani lokaci ya kasance sanannen kansila a gundumar Kisumu, wacce a lokacin ake kira Lardin Nyanza. 

Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Kisumu inda a wani lokaci aka dakatar da ita saboda yin zanga-zanga.  Ta sami digirinta na farko a fannin Gudanar da Lafiya daga Jami'ar Kenyatta a shekarar 2004 sannan daga baya ta kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Kenyatta a shekarar 2012 tare da digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Lafiya. A Jami'ar Kenyatta, ita ce mace ta farko da ta shiga kuma ta lashe kujerar zaɓe a matsayin Sakatare Janar na Ƙungiyar Ɗalibai. 

## Aiki
A farkon rayuwarta, Wanga ita ce Manajar Shirye-shirye a Hukumar Kenyan Rock Art wacce a da ake kira Trust for Africa Art kafin ta ci gaba da riƙe wannan matsayin a Liverpool VCT Care and Treatment.  A shekarar 2013, Wanga ta tsaya takarar kujerar wakiliya ta mata a gundumar Homa Bay inda ta yi nasara.  A majalisar dokoki, Wanga ta kasance memba a Kwamitin Ma'aikata da Jin Daɗin Jama'a a Kenya. 

A ranar 25 ga watan Agusta 2022, ta gaji Cyprian Awiti a matsayin gwamna na biyu na gundumar Homa Bay.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Mzalendo
* Gladys Wanga - ELLEN JOHNSON SIRLEAF
Hanna Wendot Cheptumo

**Hanna Wendot Cheptumo** lauya ce kuma 'yar siyasa 'yar Kenya. Ita ce Sakatariyar Majalisar Ministoci kan Jinsi, Al'adu, Fasaha, da Gado, wacce Shugaba William Ruto ya naɗa a watan Afrilun 2025. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Cheptumo kuma ta girma a Kenya. Ita ce matar marigayi Sanata William Cheptumo, wanda ya mutu a watan Fabrairun 2025. Ta jagoranci harkokin shari'a na iyalin tare kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin jami'ar haɗin gwiwa a Nyayo House. Ita mai fafutuka ce a Babbar Kotun Kenya kuma tana da cancantar gudanar da harkokin haɗin gwiwa.

Cheptumo tana da digiri a fannin lauya kuma tana da ƙwarewa sosai a fannin hidimar jama'a da kuma aikin shari'a. Naɗinta a Majalisar Ministoci ya biyo bayan wani garambawul da aka yi da nufin farfaɗo da Ma'aikatar Jinsi, wacce ba ta da wani shugaba mai tasiri tun daga watan Agusta na 2024. 

Ta hau mulki a lokacin da ake cikin damuwa game da cin zarafin mata da kuma kisan kai a Kenya. An ɗauki naɗin nata a matsayin ci gaba da gadon mijinta da kuma wani mataki na dabarun magance matsalolin da ke ci gaba da faruwa a ƙasar. 

A lokacin da Kwamitin Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa kan Naɗi ke tantance ta, Cheptumo ta yi wasu kalamai masu tayar da hankali da ke nuna cewa yawancin waɗanda aka kashe mata ba su da ilimi, yayin da take nuna cewa waɗanda aka kashe a lokacin suna samun kuɗi ne kawai.   Waɗannan kalaman sun haifar da suka da damuwa a bainar jama'a tsakanin 'yan majalisa da ƙungiyoyin fararen hula. 

Duk da ce-ce-ku-cen, Majalisar Dokoki ta amince da ita kuma ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayinta na Majalisar Ministoci.

## Manazarta
Miyoshi Etsuo

**Etsuo Miyoshi** (Japanese, an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 1939, a Higashikagawa) ɗan kasuwa ne na Japan kuma shugaban girmamawa na Kamfanin Swany, wanda ke ƙera safofin hannu, jakunkuna, da kekunan guragu. Yana daya daga cikin shahararrun Esperantists a Japan.

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Kasuwanci
A matsayinsa na ɗan kasuwa, Miyoshi ya ba da izini ga jakar Walkin'Bag tare da ƙafafun da dogon maɓallin a cikin 1996, wanda ya fara siyarwa a cikin 1999. Ya sami lambar yabo daga gwamnati a 2007 don kawo samfurin zuwa kasuwa.

A shekara ta 2009, kungiyar yawon bude ido ta Higashikagawa, tare da shawarar Miyoshi, ta shirya baje kolin yar tsana na shekara-shekara da aka gudanar a watan Oktoba: baje kolin ya nuna 'yan tsana daga yankuna daban-daban na duniya a cikin kayan gargajiya. A cikin 2013, Ministan Al'adu na Poland ya dauki nauyin baje kolin tare da jakadan Poland a Japan. Akwai kimanin 'yan tsana 1,500 a cikin tarin, wanda kuma Esperantists suka wadata.

Miyoshi memba ne mai daraja na ƙungiyar addini (ƙungiya) Oomoto, wanda ke tallafawa yaduwar Esperanto a duniya. Shi ne kuma mataimakin shugaban kungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta yara ta Kabuki .

### Esperanto

Miyoshi yana karatun Esperanto tun 1995, ya fara tallafawa kungiyar Esperantist ta Japan "Swan"; tun daga wannan shekarar ya kasance shugaban kungiyar Esperantists ta yankin Higashikagawa. A shekara ta 2012 ya kafa tushe mai suna, da nufin bunkasa ayyukan don nazarin da kuma kula da Esperanto a Tarayyar Turai.

Miyoshi ya fara buga tallace-tallace na Esperanto a cikin mujallu da jaridu daban-daban na Tarayyar Turai a cikin 2002 da 2010,  gami da littafin Faransanci Le Monde, wanda Cibiyar Esperanto ta Japan ta ba shi lambar yabo ta Kenji Osaka a cikin 2007. Ya kasance memba na girmamawa na Tarayyar Turai ta Esperanto tun 2007  kuma memba na girmamawar kungiyar Poland Turai-Democracy-Esperanto tun 2012.

Tun daga shekara ta 2001, ya kasance darektan Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Duniya, yana tallafawa gabatar da Esperanto a matsayin yare na biyu a kowane yanki na duniya. A shekara ta 2011 an ba shi lambar yabo ta Order of Merit na Jamhuriyar Poland, digiri na 5, don ci gaban Al'adun Poland da Esperanto a Poland.  A cikin 2012 Mijosi ya ba da shawarar shirya taron tattaunawa da nune-nunen "Shekaru 125 na Esperanto" a Majalisar dokokin Poland.

## Manazarta
Phylis Jepkemoi

**Phylis Jepkemoi Bartoo** 'yar siyasa ce ta Kenya. Ita mamba ce a jam'iyyar United Democratic Alliance (UDA) kuma 'yar majalisa ce a mazaɓar Moiben daga shekarun 2022. 

## Rayuwa da ilimi
Bartoo ta jagoranci sashen fasaha da kimiyyar zamantakewa na Jami'ar Egerton. Ta ci gaba da karatunta a Jami'ar Kenyatta inda ta sami digiri na B.EdArts, da digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin halittar jiki na likitanci. Ta kuma halarci Jami'ar Egerton Kenya, inda ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin harshe da harsuna. Ta kuma yi karatu a Jami'ar Witwatersrand ta Afirka ta Kudu, inda ta sami digiri na uku a fannin ilimin harsuna. Kafin ta zama babbar farfesa a fannin harsuna, ita ce shugabar Sashen Adabi, Harshe, da yaruka. Ta kasance farfesa a Jami'ar Egerton tsawon shekaru goma sha biyar da suka gabata. 

Ta buga kasidu da dama a mujallun ilimi ita kaɗai da kuma tare da wasu, sannan ta kula da ɗaliban digiri na biyu da dama. Tana aiki a kwamitin gudanarwa na Cibiyar Mata da Jinsi, Rediyon Jami'ar Egerton, Harabar Garin Nakuru, da CODESRIA. 

Ita mamba ce a jam'iyyar United Democratic Alliance (UDA) kuma a shekarar 2022 ta zama 'yar majalisa a mazaɓar Moiben.  Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin sabbin 'yan majalisar mata da dama yayin da jimillar mata 'yan majalisar da aka zaɓa ta ƙaru a shekarar 2022. Suzanne Kiamba, Amina Laura Mnyazi, Agnes Mantaine Pareyio, Irene Mrembo Njoki, Marianne Jebet Kitany, Mary Maingi da Bartoo duk sabbin 'yan majalisar ne. 

## Manazarta
Leslie F. Kenne

**Leslie F. Kenne** mai ritaya Laftanar Janar ce a Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Amurka, matsayin da ta samu a shekarar 1999, kuma mace ta farko da ta kai wannan matsayin a Rundunar Sojan Sama.  A halin yanzu tana cikin kwamitin gudanarwa na SRI International, Harris Corporation, Oshkosh Corporation da Unisys Corporation .  Kenne kuma tana aiki a teburin tsara tsare-tsare na Hukumar Nazarin Sojojin Sama, wani ɓangare na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa . 

Kenne, wacce ta kammala karatunta a Jami'ar Auburn, ta yi aiki a wurare daban-daban, ciki har da darakta a manyan shirye-shirye guda uku: Tsarin Navigation na Low Altitude da Tsarin Infrared na Targeting for Night, F-16 da F-35 . Ta lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da lambar yabo ta Air Force Distinguished Service Medal, lambar yabo ta Defense Distinguished Service Medal, lambar yabo ta Legion of Merit, Tauraron Tagulla da lambar yabo ta Meritorious Service Medal . 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
A shekarar 1970, Kenne ta kammala karatun digiri a fannin injiniyancin jiragen sama na Jami'ar Auburn kuma ta shiga shirin ROTC na Auburn, kuma a shekarar 1971, ta shiga Rundunar Sojan Sama. Ta yi aiki a matsayin jami'ar kula da layin jiragen sama a ayyukanta, kuma ta halarci Makarantar Gwajin Jiragen Sama ta Amurka a shekarar 1974. 

Daga baya ta sami digirin Master of Science a fannin gudanar da sayayya daga Jami'ar Webster . 

## Farkon aikina
Bayan kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Gwaji ta Gwaji, ta yi aiki a matsayin manajan ayyukan gwaji da kimantawa, da kuma a matsayin masu kula da jarrabawa da tantancewa.

Kenne ta fara aiki a matsayin shugabar sashe, kuma a lokacin rangadin karo na biyu, a matsayin mataimakiyar darakta a Ofishin Mataimakin Sakataren Rundunar Sojan Sama don Saye. Ta jagoranci manyan shirye-shirye guda uku— Tsarin Navigation na Ƙasa Mai Tsayi da Tsarin Infrared Mai Targeting na Dare, F-16  da F-35 .

Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Kwamandan Cibiyar Tsarin Jiragen Sama, Rukunin Sojojin Sama na Wright-Patterson, Ohio, da Cibiyar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Sacramento, McClellan, Sansanin Sojojin Sama, Calif. Kafin ta hau matsayinta na yanzu, Kenne ta jagoranci Cibiyar Tsarin Lantarki, Sansanin Sojojin Sama na Hanscom, Massachusetts. [1]

## Manazarta
Ƙawar amarya

**Bridesmaids** mambobi ne na ƙungiyar amarya a bukukuwan bikin aure Yamma. Mace amarya yawanci budurwa ce kuma sau da yawa abokiyar amarya ko dangi. Tana halartar amarya a ranar bikin aure ko bikin aure. A al'ada, an zaɓi ma'aikatan amarya daga 'yan mata marasa aure na Shekarar aure.

## Matsayin da ke da alaƙa
Maza daidai da shi shine ango, wanda aka fi sani da shi a Turanci na Burtaniya a matsayin mai *shigarwa.* A Amurka, rawar da ake takawa ga ango ya rabu da na raka baƙi zuwa kujerunsu, kuma matsayi biyu ba su da ma'ana kuma sau da yawa, idan ba yawanci ba, mutane daban-daban ne suka cika su.

## Ayyuka

Kodayake mutane da yawa sun wuce mafi ƙaranci, ayyukan da ake buƙata na amarya suna da iyaka sosai.   hhh. Ana buƙatar su halarci bikin aure da kuma taimaka wa amarya a ranar bikin aure. Ana yawan tambayar ma'aikatan amarya a Turai da Arewacin Amurka su taimaka wa amarya tare da shirya bikin aure da kuma bikin aure. A zamanin yau, budurwa sau da yawa tana shiga cikin shirin abubuwan da suka shafi bikin aure, kamar wanka na amarya ko bikin aure, idan akwai. Wadannan, duk da haka, ayyukan zaɓi ne; a cewar masanin halayyar Judith Martin, "Ba kamar jita-jita ba, amarya ba a tilasta wa amarya nishaɗi don girmama amarya ba, ko kuma sanya riguna da ba za su iya biya ba. "  Idan al'ada ce a yankin amarya don samun abincin rana na amarya, to an shirya shi, sabili da haka amarya ta shirya shi kuma ta biya shi. 

## Mace mai daraja

A cikin Ƙasar Ingila, kalmar nan "mace mai daraja" da farko tana nufin mace mai kula da sarauniya. Ana amfani da kalmar 'mace amarya' ga duk masu kula da amarya a Burtaniya. Koyaya, lokacin da mai kula ya yi aure, ko kuma mace ce mai girma, ana amfani da kalmar 'matron of honour' sau da yawa. Tasirin Turanci na Amurka ya haifar da babban uwargidan amarya wani lokacin ana kiranta uwargida mai daraja.

## Manazarta
Jam'iyyar Bachelorette

**Bikin bachelorette** (Amurka da Kanada) ko dare na kaza (United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia da New Zealand) wani biki ne da aka gudanar wa mace (amarar ko amarya) wacce nan ba da daɗewa ba za ta yi aure. Duk da yake Beth Montemurro ta kammala cewa an tsara **jam'iyyar bachelorette** ne bayan daren doki mai ɗaruruwan shekaru a Amurka,  wanda shi ne kansa a tarihi abincin dare da ango ya ba abokansa jim kadan kafin bikin aurensa, Sheila Young ta yi jayayya cewa takwaransa na Burtaniya ya samo asali ne daga al'adun da suka gabata kafin bikin aure ga mata (Ribbon Girl, Pay, Bosola, Taking Out, Jumping the Chanty, don ambaci kaɗan) wanda asalinsa ba a sani ba ne amma wanda ya kasance a kalla ƙarni daya a Burtaniya. Duk da sunansa a matsayin "bishiyar ga kwanakin budurwa" ko "wani maraice na lalata", waɗannan abubuwan na iya zama ƙungiyoyi da aka ba su don girmama amarya, a cikin salon da ya zama ruwan dare ga wannan ƙungiyar jama'a.

## Kalmomin
Kalmar bachelorette party ko kawai bachelorette ya zama ruwan dare a Amurka da Kanada. A cikin Ƙasar Ingila da Ireland an san shi da biki (s), dare ko kaza (s) yi, yayin da kalmomin kaza ko dare sun zama ruwan dare a Ostiraliya da New Zealand. Ana amfani da kalmar **stagette** a wasu lokuta a Kanada. Hakanan ana iya kiranta da *Dare na 'yan mata* ko shayi na kicin (Afirka ta Kudu musamman) ko wasu kalmomi a wasu ƙasashe masu magana da Ingilishi.

Sauran bukukuwan kafin bikin aure, kamar **Abincin rana na amarya**, galibi ana gudanar da su maimakon bukukuwan bachelorette saboda haɗin ƙarshen tare da lasisi a wasu ƙasashe tun daga shekarun 1980. 

## Tarihi
Kafin amfani da shi azaman lokaci don jam'iyyar kafin bikin aure, an yi amfani da *jam'iyyar kaza* a Amurka a matsayin babban lokaci don taron mata, yawanci ana gudanar da shi a gidan mai masaukin baki. A shekara ta 1897, The Deseret News ta lura cewa wata ƙungiya ta kaza "wani ra'ayi ne mai daraja na lokaci cewa shayi da chitchats, jita-jita masu basira, sun zama abubuwan da suka dace ga waɗannan tarurruka". A shekara ta 1940 an bayyana Eleanor Roosevelt a matsayin mai karbar bakuncin bikin Kirsimeti na matan majalisa da "mata na manema labarai".
Blonde versus brunette rivalry

Rikici mai launin gashi da launin ruwan kasa gasa ce - ko ta gaskiya, tunanin, ko kuma almara - tsakanin mutanen da ke da gashi da wadanda ke da gashin *launin ruwan kasa*. A cikin al'adun gargajiya da Tattaunawa yau da kullun, ana amfani da kalmomin blond da brunette a matsayin sunaye don nuna mata ta waɗannan launuka biyu na gashi. Wannan kishiyar da ake tsammani jigon almara ne na yau da kullun a cikin littattafai, labaran mujallu, fim, da talabijin. Wasu sun yi jayayya cewa wasan kwaikwayon mata masu launin gashi da masu *launin ruwan kasa* da ke yin fada da juna ya kasance mafarki ne na maza na shekaru da yawa.

Binciken da aka gudanar a kasashen Yamma ya gano cewa ana daukar mata masu gashi mai duhu a matsayin masu kyau fiye da mata masu launin gashi. A Gabashin Asiya, mata masu launin gashi suna da matsayi mai ƙarfi a ƙasa da mata masu gashi na Gabashin Asiya a cikin matsayi na kyawawan mata, kuma mata masu launin ruwan kasa suna ba da rahoton jin daɗin jima'i da namiji ta ƙa'idodin kyawawan Asiya na Gabas.   A cikin wani binciken, kashi 92% na mata masu launin gashi sun yi tunanin cewa launin gashin su shine mafi kyau; duk da haka kashi 32% ne kawai na maza masu jima'i suka dauki mata masu launin ruwan kasa a matsayin mafi kyau.

Gasar da gasa tsakanin mata masu launin gashi da masu launin ruwan kasa sun samo asali ne aƙalla har zuwa tsohuwar Girka, inda allahiyar soyayya mai launin gashi, Aphrodite, "... ta yi wahayi zuwa ga kwaikwayon burgewa tsakanin 'yan majalisa masu launin fata na tsohuwar Girika. " Helen na Troy, wani mai launin ruwan kasa na Girka, maza na zamaninta sun bauta mata. Dangane da martani ga maza ga mata masu launin gashi, masu launin ruwan kasa sun yi amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban don haskaka gashin kansu, aikin da ke ci gaba har zuwa zamanin zamani. Tsohon Romawa kuma sun fi son mata masu launin gashi fiye da masu launin gashin gashi, son kai na zamantakewa wanda ya ci gaba sosai a cikin Zamanin Tsakiya, musamman a cikin fasaha da wallafe-wallafen. Littattafan Amurka na ƙarni na goma sha tara suna da takamaiman alaƙa da kowane launi: "Mace mai idanu masu launin shudi da gashi mai launin gashi koyaushe 'marar laifi,' 'mai kyau,' da 'tsarkake'; yayin da mace mai duhu 'mai saurin fushi,' 'mai zafi,' da 'mai sha'awar.'"

## Manazarta
Umul Ker Kassim

**Umul Ker Kassim** ko **Sheikh Umul Ker Kassim** 'yar siyasa ce ta jam'iyyar UDM ta Kenya. Ta kasance 'yar siyasa a gundumar Mandera wacce aka zaɓe ta a shekarar 2022 zuwa Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa a jam'iyyar UDM.

## Rayuwa
Kassim ta kammala karatun digiri a Jami'ar Methodist ta Kenya.  Ta halarci Kwalejin Horar da Likitoci ta Kenya daga shekarun 2001 zuwa 2007. 

Kassim 'yar siyasa ce a gundumar Kwale. Tana ɗaya daga cikin mata 'yan siyasa shida da aka zaɓa a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta 2022 waɗanda suka yi aiki a matsayin shugabanni a gundumarsu. Sauran biyar ɗin sune Beatrice Elachi ta fito daga gundumar Nairobi, Cynthia Muge mai shekaru 24 ta fito daga gundumar Kilibwoni, Fatuma Masito ta fito daga gundumar Kwale, Susan Ngugi Mwindo ta fito daga Tharacki Nithi kuma Linda Sopiarto ta fito daga gwamnatin Kajiarto. 

A shekarar 2023 an naɗa ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin wakilan mata mafi kyau a Kenya. Duk da haka, wakilan mata ba su samu sakamako mai kyau ba a binciken domin waɗanda aka tambaya sun nuna goyon bayansu ga gwamnoni. Kassim tana cikin manyan mutane 25 a cikin jerin da Cecilia Asinyen ta gundumar Turkana da Jane Njeri ta gundumar Kirinyaga suka jagoranta. 

A matsayinta na 'yar majalisa a shekarar 2025, ta goyi bayan shawarwarin sauye-sauye ga kuɗaɗen da gwamnatin gundumar ke bayarwa, tana mai cewa ikonsu na gudanar da mulki yana da iyaka ne ta hanyar kula da harkokin kuɗi. 

## Manazarta
Cibiyar Mata ta Connexxus / Cibiyar Mata

**Cibiyar Mata ta Connexxus / Cibiyar Mujeres** kungiya ce mai zaman kanta da aka kafa a watan Janairun 1985 a Yammacin Hollywood, California . Adel Martinez da Lauren Jardine ne suka kafa kungiyar   a shekarar 1984 a matsayin cibiyar gudanar da mata a Los Angeles, kuma sun ba da sabis da ke ba da abinci ga mata, musamman 'Yan mata da kuma sarari inda' yan mata za su iya bunƙasa da sana'a, da kansu, da kuma zamantakewa. A watan Janairun 1988, ta bude wani ƙarin kayan aiki a Gabashin Los Angeles mai suna Connexxus East / Centro de Mujeres   wanda aka yi don fadadawa ga al'ummomin Latina da Chicana. Sabon wurin ya ba da sabis da farko ga 'yan mata a cikin Los Angeles County, kuma ya sauƙaƙa bayani game da samun dama ga hukumomin sabis na ɗan adam daban-daban. Har ila yau, ya ba da shawara game da haɓaka da gudanar da ƙananan kasuwanci. Har ila yau, wurin ya dauki nauyin kuma ya dauki bakuncin ayyukan al'adu da ilimi. Cibiyar murabba'in mita 1,400 ta ƙunshi sarari don ɗakin karatu, bita, ƙungiyoyin rap, tarurrukan ba da shawara, da ayyukan zamantakewa.

Connexxus ya fara ne daga watan Mayu na 1984 zuwa Yuni na 1990. Lokacin da aka buɗe shi, membobin ƙungiyar 'yan madigo ne suka jagoranci ƙungiyar, kamar Jeanne Córdova,   Jodi Curlee, Judy Doyle,  Lauren Jardine, Bunny MacCulloch, Del Martinez, June Mazer, Yolanda Retter, da Jane Wagner. Domin ci gaba da wannan ƙungiya, hukumar ta tara sama da dala 20,000 don ayyukanta. Ta sami tallafi daga National Endowment for the Arts, California Arts Council, Colling Higgins Foundation, da Liberty Hill Foundation.

## Shirye-shiryen

### Ƙarfafa Tattalin Arziki
A watan Mayu na shekara ta 1998, Shugaban Amurka na lokacin, Bill Clinton, ya ba da Dokar Zartarwa ta 13087, wanda ya haramta nuna bambanci a cikin aikin farar hula na tarayya bisa ga jima'i. Shekaru shida da suka gabata a shekarar 1992, gwamnan Pete Wilson ya sanya hannu kan AB 2601, wanda ya haramta nuna bambanci ga masu luwadi da mata a California (ya amince da irin wannan lissafin, AB 101, a shekarar da ta gabata).  

### Yuni L. Mazer Tarin Lesbian
Yuni L. Mazer Lesbian Collections ya fara ne a matsayin West Coast Lesbian Colletions (WCLC) a cikin 1980, a Oakland, California, a cikin gidan masu zaman kansu na ma'aurata. Yayin da WCLC ta girma ya zama da wuya a kiyaye shi kuma an yanke shawarar neman wani wuri don shi. Cibiyar Mata ta Connexxus ta amince da tallafawa sake komawa. Yuni Mazer da abokinta Bunny MacCulloch, duka mambobi ne na Connexxus da kungiyar 'yan mata ta Southern California Women for Understanding,   sun amince da zama masu kula da WCLC kuma an tura su gida a Kudancin California. Bayan mutuwar Yuni Mazer a 1987, an sake sunan WCLC da Yuni L. Mazer Lesbian Collections (JMLC). 

## Manazarta
Ranar Galentine (gidanka)

**Ranar ''gal*** hutu ne na al'adun Amurka wanda ke murna da abokantaka ta mata.  Ranar Galentine yawanci ana nuna ta a matsayin Fabrairu 13, amma ana iya kiyaye ta kowace rana. Abubuwan da suka faru a ranar Galentine yawanci lokuta ne na mata na "ƙarfafawa... tunatarwa ga mata su goyi bayan juna. "  Galentine's ya ƙunshi kalmomin gal (canjin kalmar *yarinya'') da Valentine's.

Ranar Galentine ta samo asali ne daga sitcom na NBC Parks and Recreation, inda babban halin sitcom Leslie Knope (wanda Amy Poehler ta buga) ya bayyana cewa hutu ne ga "mata da ke murna da mata. " Ranar hutun ta fara bayyana a cikin wasan kwaikwayon na biyu "Ranar Galentin", wanda Michael Schur ya rubuta.

## Bikin
Tun lokacin da aka fara watsa labarin a cikin shekara ta 2010, hutun da ba a sani ba ya ƙara samun kansa a cikin al'ada. An san wannan lokacin sosai cewa ana sayar da kayayyakin ranar Galentine a manyan kantuna kamar Target, Walmart, Party City, Amazon, da Etsy.   Masu siyarwa kuma suna amfani da hutun a matsayin hujja don shirya shagunan sayar da kayayyaki ga abokan ciniki mata. Yawancin wuraren shakatawa da gidajen cin abinci suna ba da yarjejeniyar kunshin jigon Galentine.

Michelle Obama, tare da shahararrun mutane da yawa, sun sanya hoto a kan Instagram da Twitter suna murna da Ranar Galentine a cikin 2020. Rubutun ya karanta,

Asusun Twitter na Parks & Recreation ya amsa da GIF na Leslie Knope yana nuna amincewa.

Tun daga shekara ta 2023, Shugaban Majalisar Dattijai ta Massachusetts Karen Spilka ta dauki bakuncin bikin Ranar Galentine na shekara-shekara ga mata masu iko a jihar. Masu halartar da suka gabata sun hada da Poehler, Maura Healey, Ayanna Pressley, da Anne Klibanski.

## Dubi kuma

* Hadin kai ga jama'a
* Ranar Palentine
* Mata

## Manazarta
Yarinya mai ban sha'awa

Girly yarinya kalma ce ga yarinya ko mace wacce ke gabatar da kanta a hanyar gargajiya ta mata. Wannan na iya haɗawa da sanya ruwan hoda, amfani da kayan shafawa, amfani da turare, sawun dogon gashi, dogon ƙusa, sanya riguna, skirts, pantyhoses da Takalma, da kuma shiga cikin ayyukan da ke da alaƙa da al'ada da mata, kamar magana game da dangantaka.

Sau da yawa ana amfani da kalmar a hanyar da ba ta dace ba, amma kuma ana iya amfani da ita a hanyar da ta fi dacewa, musamman idan aka yi la'akari da saurin matsayi na jinsi. Kasancewa "yarinya" ana iya ganinta a matsayin ruwa kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare - wani nau'i na magana da aka ɗauka, aka watsar ko aka gyara don dalilai na dabarun ko dabarun.

## Abubuwan da ke tattare da zamantakewa
Mace da ke akasin yarinya 'yar shekara 19 ita ce ƙaton yaro . Yaɗuwar 'yan mata masu shekaru 19 a farkon ƙarni na 21  an danganta shi da wani abu da ake kira " bayan mace, bayan mace &#x2013; gina sabon namiji na namiji da mace a cikin ma'anoni daban-daban",  sabanin wakilcin jinsi da aka fi duhu a cikin shekarun da suka gabata.

## Dubi kuma

## Manazarta
Yin ƙarya

Yin barci shine kalmar da aka ba wa nau'ikan tsare-tsare na Turai, al'adar gargajiya da ta shafi hutun gado mai tsawo kafin  da kuma bayan haihuwa. Kalmar da aikin da ta bayyana tsoffin ne ko tsoffin, amma ana amfani da kwance a matsayin muhimmin bangare na Lokacin bayan haihuwa, koda kuwa babu matsalolin kiwon lafiya a lokacin haihuwa.

## Bayyanawa
Wani littafi na 1932 yana nufin yin barci a ciki daga makonni biyu zuwa watanni biyu. Har ila yau, yana ba da shawarar kada a "fitar" (fitar da gado bayan haihuwa) na akalla kwanaki tara kuma yana da kyau na kwanaki 20. An ba da kulawa ko dai daga danginta mata (mahaifiyar ko surukarta), ko kuma, ga waɗanda za su iya biyan ta, ta hanyar ma'aikaci na wucin gadi da ake kira nas na kowane wata. Wadannan makonni sun ƙare tare da sake gabatar da mahaifiyar ga al'umma a cikin bikin Kirista na cocin mata. Lokacin da kwance-in ya kasance kalma ce ta yau da kullun, an yi amfani da shi a cikin sunayen asibitocin haihuwa da yawa, misali Babban Asibitin Lying-In a London. Har zuwa shekarun 1970s, daidaitattun kulawa na NHS bayan haihuwa ya kunshi kwanaki 10 a asibiti, tare da jarirai da aka kai su wurin kula da yara da dare, tabbatar da cewa uwaye sun huta sosai lokacin da suka dawo gida.

## Abinci na Musamman

A caudle ne mai zafi abin sha, wanda aka rubuta da kyau a cikin Birtaniya abinci, musamman a zamanin Victorian, kamar yadda ya dace da marasa lafiya da sababbin uwaye. Ya kasance yana da alaƙa da ziyarar abokai don ganin sabon jaririn cewa "keke da caudle" ko "karɓar caudle " ya zama metonym don ziyarar zamantakewa bayan haihuwa.

## Al'amuran zamantakewa
Mata sun sami ziyarar taya murna daga abokai da dangi a lokacin; daga cikin al'adun gargajiya da yawa a duniya, desco da parto wani nau'i ne na musamman na zane da aka gabatar wa mahaifiyar a Renaissance Florence. Abubuwa da yawa da aka zana a kan waɗannan trays suna nuna baƙi mata suna kawo kyauta, wanda mahaifiyar ta karɓa a gado, yayin da wasu mata ke kula da jaririn. Kyaututtuka masu kama da juna a cikin al'adun zamani sun haɗa da ruwan sha na jarirai da kuma turawa.

Ba a ba da shawarar wani lokaci na kwanciya a cikin litattafan Renaissance game da rayuwar iyali (ba kamar a wasu al'adu ba), amma bayanan rubuce-rubuce sun nuna cewa mahaifiyar ba ta da yawa a baftisma, wanda a cikin biranen Italiya yawanci ana gudanar da shi cikin mako guda na haihuwa a cocin Ikklisiya na gida, yawanci 'yan mintoci kaɗan daga kowane gida.

## Manazarta
Palestinian hikaye

**Hikaye,** or **Palestinian hikaye** (Arabic: حكاية, romanized: ḥikāya), is a unique form of oral literature from Palestine that is performed by women, particularly those who are older.

A shekara ta 2005, UNESCO ta lissafa shi a matsayin Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity, kuma a shekara ta 2008, an sanya shi a cikin UNESCO's List of Intangible Cultural Heritage. Koyaya, sakamakon sauya tsarin zamantakewa, samun dama ga ilimin makaranta, da yaduwar kafofin watsa labarai, al'adar tana mutuwa a hankali.

## Tarihi
Yawanci ana maimaita su ta amfani da sautin bayyanawa, waɗannan ayyukan da aka yi magana suna tattauna batutuwan zamantakewa da Tarihi, musamman waɗanda ke shafar mata. Za su iya sukar al'umma don tayar da tattaunawa da muhawara, ko kuma suna da aikin rikodin rikodin rikodi na motsi. Yayinda yara maza na iya yin hikaye, yayin da suke girma ana sa ran ba za su sake shiga ba.

## Littattafan da aka rubuta
Ibrahim Muhawi da   sun tattara jimlar hikaye 45 daga Gaza Strip, West Bank da Galili. An buga waɗannan a cikin fassarar Turanci a cikin 1989 a ƙarƙashin taken Speak Bird, Speak Again kuma a cikin Larabci a cikin 2001. Daga baya aka fassara tarihin zuwa Mutanen Espanya da Faransanci. A shekara ta 2007, Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Falasdinawa ta kwace kusan 1,500 na littafin daga ɗakunan karatu na makarantun jama'a a kan dalilin cewa labarun sun yi amfani da maganganu da kuma wani lokacin harshe mai banƙyama wanda bai dace da koyar da yara ba. Koyaya, bayan guguwar fushin jama'a, ba da daɗewa ba aka janye wannan shawarar.

## Manazarta
Tsare-tsare bayan haihuwa

Gidan da aka tsare bayan haihuwa al'ada ce bayan haihuwa. Wadanda ke bin waɗannan al'adu yawanci suna farawa nan da nan bayan haihuwa, kuma ɓoyewa ko magani na musamman yana da tsawon al'adu: yawanci na wata ɗaya ko kwanaki 30,  kwanaki 26, har zuwa kwanaki 40, watanni biyu, ko kwanaki 100. Wannan farfadowa bayan haihuwa na iya haɗawa da ayyukan kulawa dangane da "bangaskiyar kiwon lafiya ta gargajiya, taboos, al'ada, da haramtacciyar doka. "  An san aikin da "kusa", wanda, kamar yadda kalmar ta nuna, yana kan hutawa a gado. A wasu al'adu, ana iya danganta shi da tabo game da ƙazanta bayan haihuwa.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya

Tsayawa bayan haihuwa yana nufin mahaifiyar da jariri. Jarirai na ɗan adam ba su da ƙwarewa sosai har likitocin yara kamar Harvey Karp suna magana ne game da watanni uku na farko a matsayin "ƙasa ta huɗu". Makonni na hutawa yayin da mahaifiyar ke warkarwa suna kare jariri yayin da yake daidaitawa da duniya, kuma dukansu suna koyon ƙwarewar shayarwa.

Kusan dukkan kasashe suna da wani nau'i na hutun haihuwa. Kasashe da yawa suna ƙarfafa maza su dauki wasu hutun iyaye, amma har ma da wadanda suka ba da umarnin cewa wasu daga cikin hutun iyaye dole ne mahaifin ya yi amfani da su ("ƙididdigar uba") sun yarda cewa mahaifiyar tana buƙatar lokacin hutu don murmurewa daga haihuwa da kuma magance canje-canjen jiki bayan haihuwa.

Wani littafi na Amurka na 2016 ya bayyana matsalolin rubuce-rubuce na waɗannan "al'adun kakannin duniya" amma ya tabbatar da cewa "kamar igiya mai zinariya da ke haɗa mata daga ƙarni ɗaya zuwa na gaba, yarjejeniyar kula da sabuwar mahaifiyar ta hanyar cire mata nauyin da kuma tabbatar da cewa ta huta kuma ta ci ya bayyana a wurare daban-daban". Wadannan al'adu an rubuta su a cikin karatun ilimi da yawa, kuma galibi sun haɗa da tallafi ga sabuwar uwa (ciki har da saki daga ayyukan gida), hutawa, abinci na musamman don ci (da waɗanda za a guje wa), takamaiman ayyukan tsabta, da hanyoyin kula da jaririn.

## Tasirin lafiya
Ɗaya daga cikin bita na binciken ya kammala, "Akwai ƙarancin shaidar da ke nuna cewa ayyukan tsare-tsare suna rage baƙin ciki bayan haihuwa".

## Manazarta
Patricia Rose

**Patricia Rose**, Manjo Janar ce mai ritaya daga rundunar sojin saman Amurka .

Manjo Janar Patricia A. "Trish" Rose ta shiga Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Makarantar Horar da Jami'ai a shekarar 1984. Ayyukanta mafi shahara sun haɗa da mataimakiyar darakta kan harkokin sufuri, injiniyanci, da taimakon tsaro, Rundunar Sojojin Amurka ta Pacific, da kuma darektan manufa na Cibiyar Ayyuka da Rarrabawa ta Babban Kwamandan Amurka a Kudu maso Yammacin Asiya, inda ta jagoranci ayyukan haɗin gwiwa don ayyukan 'Yancin Iraki da Dorewa.

A ranar 21 ga Afrilu, 2013, Janar Rose ta zama jami'ar LGBT ta farko a fili da aka kara mata matsayi zuwa mukamin Manjo Janar. An nada ta a matsayin babbar jami'a a ranar 7 ga Disamba, 2012, kuma an nada ta a ranar 31 ga Mayu, 2013, a wani biki da mai kula da ita kai tsaye, Janar Janet C. Wolfenbarger, mace ta farko da tauraro huɗu a rundunar sojin saman Amurka ta jagoranta. A lokacin, an nada Manjo Janar Rose a matsayin mataimakiyar kwamandan rundunar sojojin sama, Rundunar Kayan Sojan Sama, a sansanin rundunar sojin sama ta Wright-Patterson . Aikinta na ƙarshe shine mataimakiyar shugaban rundunar sojoji don jigilar kayayyaki, injiniyanci da kariyar sojoji, Hedikwatar rundunar sojin sama ta Amurka, Washington, DC. A wannan matsayin, ta goyi bayan mataimakiyar shugaban ma'aikata a shugabanci, gudanarwa da haɗa shirye-shiryen jigilar kayayyaki na rundunar sojin sama, kula da jiragen sama da makamai masu linzami, injiniyanci da jami'an tsaro, da kuma tsara manufofi da shirya kiyasin kasafin kuɗi waɗanda ke nuna haɓakawa ga yawan aiki, shirye-shiryen yaƙi da ingancin rayuwa ga membobin rundunar sojin sama.

Manjo Janar Rose ya yi ritaya a ranar 16 ga Yuni, 2017.

## Na Kai
Rose ta auri mai ritaya, LT Julie Roth, wacce ta yi ritaya a rundunar sojin ruwa.

A zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na Amurka na 2024, Rose ta goyi bayan Kamala Harris . 

## Ilimi

* 1983 Digiri na farko a fannin ilimin ɗan adam, Kwalejin Providence, Rhode Island
* Makarantar Jami'an 'Yan Sanda ta 1988, Maxwell AFB, Alabama
* 1989 digirin Master of Science a fannin ilimi, Jami'ar Gabashin Illinois, Charleston, Illinois
* Kwas ɗin Jami'an Tsaro na NATO na 2000, Kwalejin Tsaron NATO, Rome, Italiya
* Kwalejin Sojojin Sama da Ma'aikata ta 2001, ta hanyar wasiƙu
* Kwalejin Yaƙin Sama ta 2002, ta hanyar wasiƙu
* Kwas ɗin Tsaron Ƙasa na 2003 na Reserve Part, Jami'ar Tsaron Ƙasa, Fort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, DC
* Darasin Dabaru da Ayyuka na 2007, Kwalejin Yaƙin Sojan Ruwa, Newport, Tsibirin Rhode
* 2009 Babban Ilimin Soja na Haɗin gwiwa, Kwalejin Ma'aikatan Rundunar Soja, Norfolk, Virginia
* Kwas ɗin Gudanar da Sayen Tsarin 2011, Jami'ar Sayen Tsaro, Fort Belvoir, Virginia
* Manyan Jami'ai na 2011 a Tsaron Ƙasa da na Ƙasashen Duniya, Makarantar Gwamnati ta Harvard Kennedy, Cambridge, Massachusetts
* Makamin Nukiliya na 2012 400, Cibiyar Makaman Nukiliya ta Sojojin Sama, Kirkand AFB, New Mexico
* 2012 Air Force Smart Operations (AFSO21), Jami'ar Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
* Horar da Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai na Pentagon na 2012, Washington, DC

## Manazarta
Mary Saunders

*Ga shugaban kwalejin Amurka, duba Mary Jane Saunders . Ga mai zane-zanen hoto da malamar zane-zane ta Amurka, duba Mary Ann Xantippe Saunders .*

**Mary L. Saunders** (an haife ta a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, 1947)  Manjo Janar ce mai ritaya daga Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Amurka . An nada ta a Zauren Shahararrun Mata na Texas a shekarar 2012.

An haife ta a Nacogdoches, Texas kuma ta girma a Houston . Saunders ta fara aikinta a Makarantar Horar da Jami'ai a Lackland Air Force Base da ke Texas; ta sami mukamin Laftanar na biyu kuma ta fara aiki a 1971. Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin aikin zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Texas Woman's da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin jagoranci da ba da shawara daga Kwalejin Rider . Saunders ta halarci Makarantar Squadron Officer da Kwalejin Yaƙin Sama a Maxwell Air Force Base da kuma Kwas ɗin Jagorancin Tsaron Ƙasa a Jami'ar Johns Hopkins . 

An ba ta kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da lambar yabo ta Distinguished Service Medal, lambar yabo ta Meritorious Service Medal tare da tarin ganyen itacen oak guda biyu, lambar yabo ta Joint Service Commendation Medal tare da tarin ganyen itacen oak, lambar yabo ta National Security Service Medal tare da taurari biyu na tagulla da lambar yabo ta Korea Defense Service Medal .  Ita ce jami'a mace ta farko da ta yi aiki a matsayin Daraktan Sufuri na Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Amurka. Kowace shekara ana ba da kyaututtuka uku na Sashen Sabis na Distinguished Service da kuma lambar yabo ta Fifiko a Jagoranci da sunanta. 

Bayan ta yi ritaya daga rundunar sojin sama a watan Oktoban 2005, [1] an nada ta a matsayin babbar darekta a Cibiyar Jagorancin Jami'ar Mata ta Texas; Jami'ar Mata ta Texas kuma ta nada ta a matsayin Babbar Tsohuwar Tsohuwa kuma Mace Mai Daraja. A shekarar 2010, gwamnan Texas ya ba ta kyautar Yellow Rose of Texas . [2]

## Manazarta
Lorraine K. Potter

**Lorraine Kay Potter** (née **Fallon** ;  1946) tsohuwar Shugabar Cocin Sojojin Sama ce ta Amurka kuma ita ce limamin coci mace ta farko a rundunar sojin sama ta Amurka .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Potter 'yar asalin Warwick, Rhode Island, kuma an naɗa ta a matsayin limamin Baptist .  Ta kammala karatunta a Kwalejin Keuka, Makarantar Koyon Addini ta Colgate Rochester Crozer da Jami'ar Central Michigan . Mijinta, Robert, shi ma tsohon limamin Sojan Amurka ne, wanda ya kai matsayin Kanar . 

## Sana'a
Da farko Potter ta yi tambaya game da yin aiki a matsayin limamin soja a shekarar 1972. Ta aika wa Babban Limamin Sojan Sama na Amurka a lokacin, Roy M. Terry, wasiƙa. Amsar ta bayyana cewa ɗaya daga cikin cancantar limamin a rundunar sojin sama shine dole ne su zama maza. Makonni da yawa bayan haka, ta sami wasiƙa da ke nuna cewa Shugaban Limamin ya janye buƙatar jinsi, kuma idan cocin ta ba ta amincewa, zai yiwu ta zama limamin soji. Ta sami amincewar kuma daga ƙarshe aka naɗa ta jami'i a shekarar 1973.

A shekarar 1992, yayin da take aiki a sansanin sojojin sama na Bolling, an kara mata matsayi zuwa kanar. Kamar yadda ita ce limamin coci mace ta farko da ta kai wannan matsayi, babban hafsan sojojin sama na wancan lokacin Merrill McPeak ya shirya wani biki na musamman a Pentagon don tunawa da wannan lokaci.

Daga 1994 zuwa 1995, ta yi aiki a matsayin babbar darekta a Hukumar Fastocin Sojojin Sama ta Amurka kafin ta yi aiki a matsayin Fastocin Sojojin Sama na Amurka a Turai . Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Fastocin Kwamanda a Hedikwatar Hukumar Ilimi da Horar da Jiragen Sama kuma ta koma sansanin Sojojin Sama na Bolling na ɗan lokaci kafin a naɗa ta Mataimakiyar Shugaban Fastocin Sojojin Sama na Amurka tare da matsayin Birgediya Janar a 1999. A 2001, an ɗaukaka ta zuwa Babban Fastocin tare da matsayin Manjo Janar kuma ta riƙe wannan matsayin har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a 2004.

## Manazarta
Lori Robinson

**Lori Jean Robinson** (an haife  ta 1959) tsohuwar janarar sojin saman Amurka ce mai ritaya wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin kwamandan rundunar sojojin arewa ta Amurka (USNORTHCOM) kuma kwamandar rundunar tsaron sararin samaniya ta Arewacin Amurka (NORAD) daga watan Mayu na 2016 zuwa Mayu na 2018. Ita ce jami'ar mace ta farko a tarihin rundunar sojojin Amurka da ta jagoranci wani babban kwamandan sojojin hadin gwiwa . 

Robinson ya taba yin aiki a matsayin kwamandan rundunar sojin saman Pacific ; kwamandan rundunar sojin saman Amurka ta Pacific ; da kuma babban darekta, Pacific Air Combat Operations Staff, Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam, Hawaii . Rundunar sojin saman Pacific tana da alhakin ayyukan rundunar sojin saman da suka bazu a kusan rabin duniya kuma tana tallafawa sojojin sama 45,000 da ke aiki galibi a Japan, Koriya ta Kudu, Hawaii, Alaska, da Guam.

A ranar 18 ga Maris, 2016, Sakataren Tsaron Amurka Ash Carter ya sanar da cewa Shugaba Barack Obama zai naɗa Robinson don maye gurbin Admiral William E. Gortney a matsayin kwamandan USNORTHCOM da NORAD, bisa ga amincewar Majalisar Dattawan Amurka . A shekarar 2016, an naɗa Robinson cikin jerin mutane 100 mafi tasiri a mujallar ''Time'' .  An tabbatar da Robinson kuma ya karɓi ragamar mulki daga Admiral Gortney a ranar 13 ga Mayu, 2016.

## Aikin soja

Robinson ta shiga Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Amurka a shekarar 1982 ta hanyar shirin horar da Jami'an Tsaro a Jami'ar New Hampshire . Ta yi aiki a wurare daban-daban a matsayin Manajan Yaƙin Sama, ciki har da malami da kwamandan Sashen Kwamandoji da Ayyukan Kulawa a Makarantar Makamai ta Sojojin Sama ta Amurka, da kuma Shugaban Dakaru a Rundunar Gargaɗi da Kula da Jiragen Sama ta 965. Ta riƙe muƙamai a matsayin mai ba da umarni a Hedikwatar Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Pacific, mataimakin shugaban ma'aikata da kuma babban mataimakin darakta a Hukumar Tsaro ta Tsaro, da kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa na Kwamandan Rundunar Yaƙi ta Sama . [ ana buƙatar ambato ]

Robinson ta jagoranci wata ƙungiyar ayyuka, reshen horo, da kuma reshen kula da sararin samaniya. Ta kuma tura ta a matsayin mataimakiyar kwamandan rundunar 405th Air Expeditionary Wing, inda ta jagoranci jiragen sama sama da 2,000 da ke tashi da jiragen B-1 Lancer, KC-135 Stratotanker da E-3 Sentry a cikin ayyukan Enduring Freedom da Iraqi Freedom. Robinson ta kasance Jami'ar Sojojin Sama a Cibiyar Brookings da ke Washington, DC, kuma ta yi aiki a Pentagon a matsayin darektan Sakataren Rundunar Sojojin Sama da kuma babban jami'in ma'aikata na Ƙungiyar Ayyukan Sojojin Sama. Ta kuma kasance mataimakiyar darakta don aikace-aikacen sojoji da tallafi, Daraktan Tsarin Sojoji, Albarkatu da Kimantawa, Ma'aikatan Haɗin gwiwa, Pentagon, Washington, DC. Bayan haka, Robinson ta kasance darakta, Mai Hulɗa da Dokoki, Ofishin Sakataren Rundunar Sojojin Sama, Pentagon, Washington, DC, da kuma mataimakin kwamandan, Rundunar Sojojin Sama, Sansanin Sojojin Sama na Langley, Virginia. 

## Manazarta