Khalil Raad

**Khalil Raad** ( Arabic  , 1854–1957) wani mai ɗaukar hoto ne ɗan ƙasar Lebanon wanda aka fi sani da "Mai ɗaukar hoton Larabawa na farko na Falasdinu ."  Ayyukansa sun haɗa da faranti fiye da 1230 gilashin, dubun katin waya, da kuma fina-finai da ba a buga ba har yanzu waɗanda ke rubuta abubuwan siyasa da rayuwar yau da kullum a Lebanon, Palestine, da Siriya a cikin shekaru hamsin.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Raad a shekara ta 1869 a Bhamdoun, a cikin Lebanon ta zamani. Mahaifinsa Anis ya gudu daga ƙauyen Sibnay na dangin bayan ya koma Furotesta daga bangaskiyar Maronite . A lokacin rikicin addini na 1860 da ya addabi yankunan tsaunuka, an kashe mahaifin Raad. Bayan mutuwarsa, mahaifiyar Raad ta kai shi da ’yar’uwarsa Saratu zuwa Urushalima inda suke da dangi. 

## Hoto da kuma na sirri rayuwa
Raad ya fara karatun ɗaukar hoto ne a ƙarƙashin Garabed Krikorian, Bafalasdine dan Armeniya da ya kammala wani taron daukar hoto da Issay Garabedian, Sarkin Armeniya na Kudus ya kafa.   Raad ya buɗe nasa studio a kan titin Jaffa a kan titin tsohon malaminsa a Urushalima a cikin 1890, yana yin gasa kai tsaye da shi.  Bayan ɗan Garabed John ya karɓi iko da ɗakin studio na mahaifinsa a cikin 1913 kuma ya auri 'yar yayan Raad, Najla, wanda aka sani da "amaryar zaman lafiya," ɗakunan studio biyu sun yi aiki tare.  

Raad ya auri Annie Muller a cikin shekarar 1919, ɗan ƙasar Switzerland wanda ya zama mataimaki ga Keller, mai daukar hoto wanda Raad yayi karatu tare da shi a Switzerland a jajibirin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya . Ya koma Palastinu tare da Muller ya zauna a Talibiyya, sannan wani ƙauye kusa da Kudus inda Raad ya tsaya takarar magajin gari aka zaɓe shi. 

Raad ya ci gaba da aikinsa na ɗaukar hoto, abin da ya shafi batun ya haɗa da al'amuran siyasa, rayuwar yau da kullum, da kuma manyan ayyukan tona kayan tarihi da aka gudanar a Falasdinu.  Ya zama "babban mai ɗaukar hoto na Falasdinu a lokacinsa." 

An lalata ɗakin ɗaukar hotonsa a lokacin harin da ‘yan sahayoniya suka kai wa birnin a shekarar 1948, kuma an tilasta wa iyalin ƙaura, inda suka fara zuwa Hebron na ƴan watanni sannan zuwa ƙauyen haihuwar Raad, Bhamdoun.   Daga baya, an gayyace shi don zama a cikin Patriarchate na Orthodox na Girka ta Bishop Ilya Karam, Raad ya zauna a can daga ƙarshen 1948 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1957. 

## Ayyukan hoto
Hotunan Raad sun tattara abubuwan da suka faru na siyasa da rayuwar yau da kullun a Lebanon, Falasdinu, da Siriya cikin tsawon shekaru hamsin.  Ya samar da faranti sama da 1230 waɗanda aka ceto daga ɗakin studio ɗinsa a lokacin Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra'ila na 1948 ta hannun wani matashi ɗan Italiya wanda ya ketare ƙasar da ba kowa ba sau da yawa da daddare. Har ila yau, a cikin tarihin ɗakin studio ɗinsa akwai abubuwa da yawa marasa kyau, waɗanda har yanzu ba a buga su ba. Dukkanin tarihin an ba da gudummawa ga Cibiyar Nazarin Falasdinu kuma yawancin hotuna an buga su a cikin aikin, *[https://books.google.com/books?id=U7ltAAAAMAAJ Kafin su Diaspora]* ta Journal of Palestine Studies .  An bayyana kayan tarihin Raad a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin "mafi daraja tari a cikin rumbun adana kayan tarihi na IPS " tare da na Wasif Jawhariyyah . 

Tarin katunan da ke ɗauke da sa hannun Raad suna hannun Cibiyar Gabas ta Tsakiya ta Jami'ar Oxford tare da bugu 40 na sojojin Ottoman a Falasdinu daga Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya. An rubuta su cikin Turanci, waɗannan hotunan "an yi niyyar amfani da su a matsayin farfaganda daga sojojin Ottoman," a cewar Badr al-Hajj.  Ruth Raad 'yar Khalil, ta ce mahaifinta abokin gwamnan sojan Syria ne a karkashin mulkin Ottoman, Jamal Pasha, wanda ya taimaka wa Raad shiga fagen daga Masar da Falasdinu. 

## Suka
Raad ya kuma samar da katunan ƙasidu ga masu yawon buɗe ido. Masanan zamani, irin su Annelies Moors, sun soki yadda ya gabatar da Larabawan Falasdinu a cikin wannan aikin, suna lura da cewa "sau da yawa ya yi amfani da ma'anar Littafi Mai Tsarki wanda ya keɓe rayuwarsu a matsayin matsayi," don haka ya dace da Orientalism da ke nuna alamun alamun yammacin Turai na ￼￼sauran.

Malaman ilimi da suka goyi bayan gwagwarmayar kasa ta Falasdinu, irin su Bader Al Haj, Walid Khalidi da Elias Sanbar, sun ga hotunan da Khalil Raad ya ɗauka da ke nuna rayuwar ƙasar, inda suka soki shi da cewa yana taimaka wa farfagandar ‘yan sahayoniya. Anneliese Moors, wata mai bincike dan kasar Holland, ta ce a martanin da masanan da suka goyi bayan gwagwarmayar Falasdinawa sun yi imanin cewa wasu daga cikin hotunan Raad suna da ma’ana daga Littafi Mai Tsarki ko kuma Sabon Alkawari wanda ya ba shi halacci ga masu ɗaukar hoto da rayuwarsu. Amma, ita da Rona Sela wata mai kula da Isra'ila, sun jaddada cewa Raad ya fara ɗaukar hoto ne don dalilai na kasuwanci da yawon buɗe ido. Don bayyana ra'ayinta, Rona Sela ta ce Raad "ba shi da masaniyar siyasa" kuma ya dace da tsarin da ya bayyana a matsayin "mulkin mallaka", wanda ya zo a matsayin sakamako kai tsaye daga nassosin Kirista da Yahudawa. Baya ga wasu taruka na siyasa, mai daukar hoton bai fayyace rikici tsakanin Larabawa da yahudawa a cikin aikinsa ba wanda ya faru a cikin shekarunsa cewa ya kasance mai ɗaukar hoto.

## Duba kuma

* Karimeh Abbud (1893-1940), mai daukar hoto Balarabe kuma mai fasaha
* Armeniyawa a Isra'ila: Masu daukar hoto

## Manazarta

## Littafi Mai Tsarki
 

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje