Gaius Cassius Parmensis

**Gaius Cassius Parmensis** (born ; died 31 or 30 BC in Athens) was a Roman politician and a Latin writer of the late Roman Republic. He was the last surviving  of the conspirators against Gaius Julius Caesar.

## Asalin iyali da falsafar
Cassius Parmensis ya fito ne daga wannan reshe na Roman gens Cassia, wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa birnin Parma a kan Via Aemilia a karni na biyu BC. Tsohon sharhin Horace ya lura cewa ya kasance mai bin koyarwar Epicurus.

## Kisan Julius Kaisar da sakamakonsa
A cikin bazara na 44 BC Cassius Parmensis ya shiga cikin kisan Kaisar da mambobin Majalisar Dattijai suka yi. A cikin 43 BC, bayan kisan, ya zama *quaestor* kuma ya gina jirgin ruwa wanda ya goyi bayan Gaius Cassius Longinus a kan Publius Cornelius Dolabella a bakin tekun lardin Asiya. A lokaci guda ya rubuta rahoto ga Cicero daga Cyprus game da halin da ake ciki, wanda aka ba da shi a cikin wasikar na baya.

A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 43 Cassius Parmensis, kamar sauran abokan gaba na Kaisar, an ayyana shi a matsayin mai laifi (wanda aka haramta) ta hanyar nasarar Mark Antony, Octavian, da Lepidus. Bayan cin nasarar jam'iyyar masu kisan Kaisar a Yaƙin Filibiya (aikin kaka na 42 BC), ya tara sauran rundunonin soja kuma ya sami damar kawo kansa da rundunar da ba ta lalace ba zuwa aminci na ɗan lokaci tare da Sextus Pompeius a Sicily. Bayan da aka ci shi a shekara ta 36 BC, ya bi "sarkin sojan ruwa" da ya fadi zuwa Asia Minor, don shiga Antony a lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe na ƙarshe a Bitiniya.

Antony da Octavian sun kai hari kan farfaganda tare da wani bangare na ƙananan bugawa da tsegumi wanda ya riga ya kasance gwagwarmayar soja don mulkin kama-karya a Daular Roma. Cassius ya kuma shiga cikin mummunan hare-hare a kan magadan Kaisar. Ya tabbatar da cewa Octavian ya fito ne daga zuriya mai ƙasƙanci,  kuma an kira shi magajinsa ne kawai saboda dangantakar ɗan luwaɗi da Kaisar. Bugu da ƙari, ya zargi Octavian da son sanya 'yarsa Julia ta zama matar mai arziki amma "barbari" mai daraja Koson na Dacia.

A cikin 31 BC, Cassius Parmensis ya yi yaƙi a ƙarƙashin umurnin Antony a Yaƙin Actium . Fitar da ya yi daga ramuwar gayya ta Octavian ya dauki jimlar shekaru goma sha biyu (wanda ya fi na sauran masu makirci) amma bayan faduwar Antony a ƙarshe ya rasa duk yiwuwar gudu, tunda dan da aka karɓa na Kaisar yanzu ya mallaki dukan Daular Roma. Bayan cin nasara a Actium, ya gudu zuwa Athens, inda, a cikin 30 BC a baya-bayan nan, an gane shi a matsayin mai kisan Kaisar na ƙarshe da ya tsira har yanzu yana da rai kuma Lucius Varus ya kashe shi a ƙarƙashin umarnin Octavian.

## Rubuce-rubuce
Cassius Parmensis ya rubuta bala'i, satires, elegies da epigrams, waɗanda, a ra'ayin Horace, ba su da mahimmanci; babu wani aikinsa da ya tsira. Sai kawai san sunayen bala'i biyu ne aka sani, Thyestes da Brutus, wanda ake zargin wanda ya kashe shi Varus ya sace na farko. Daga baya aka buga Thyestes a matsayin aikin Varus. Halin wasikar da ya rubuta wa Cicero ya fi rikitarwa da kuma lalata a cikin abubuwan da ya dace, amma kuma ya nuna kyakkyawar baiwa ga lura da soja. Amma ga maganganun da aka saba da su sau da yawa suna nufin wani wuri a cikin Horace, cewa an ƙone Cassius har ya mutu tare da ayyukansa, mai yiwuwa ne rikice-rikice. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed]

Marcus Terentius Varro ya nakalto aya ta Cassius;  duk da haka, wannan aya kuma an danganta shi a wani wuri ga mawaki Lucius Accius: 

: Ranar da ba ta dace ba ta hanyar መርመራ
: [Da daddare ya zo gidanmu]

## Manazarta