Frances McDormand

McDormand ta auri Joel Coen na 'Yan uwan Coen tun 1984. Ta fito a fina-finai da yawa, ciki har da Blood Simple (1984), Raising Arizona (1987), *Miller's Crossing* (1990), *Barton Fink* (1991), *Fargo* (1996), The Man Who Wasn't There (2001), Burn After Reading (2008), da Hail, Caesar! (2016). McDormand ta lashe lambar yabo ta Kwalejin uku don 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau don yin wasa da shugaban' yan sanda mai ciki a *Fargo* (1996), uwa mai baƙin ciki da ke neman fansa a cikin Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri (2017), da kuma gwauruwa mai nomad a Nomadland (2020). Don samar da na karshe, an kuma ba ta lambar yabo ta Kwalejin don Hoton Mafi Kyawu, wanda ya sa ta zama mutum na farko da ya lashe lambar yabo ta Academy a matsayin furodusa da mai wasan kwaikwayo don wannan fim din. An zabi ta ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin don 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau don rawar da ta taka a Mississippi Burning (1988), Almost Famous (2000), da North Country (2005). McDormand ita ce mace ta biyu da ta lashe kyautar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau sau uku (bayan Katharine Hepburn, wacce ta ci gaba da lashe jimlar hudu), kuma ta bakwai da ta lashe Oscars uku. 

A talabijin, McDormand ta samar kuma ta fito a matsayin mai gabatarwa a cikin miniseries na HBO *Olive Kitteridge* (2014), wanda ya ba ta lambar yabo ta Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series ko Movie and Outstanding Limited or Anthology Series .  A baya an zabi ta a matsayin fitacciyar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a cikin Limited Series ko fim din talabijin don aikinta a fim din Showtime Hidden in America (1996). A kan mataki, McDormand ta fara bugawa Broadway a farfado da Awake and Sing! (1984). Ta ci gaba da lashe Kyautar Tony don 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau a wasan kwaikwayo saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin uwa mai wahala a cikin Good People (2011).  An zabi ta a baya don rawar da ta taka a matsayin Stella Kowalski a cikin farfadowar 1988 na A Streetcar Named Desire . 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi McDormand Cynthia Ann Smith a ranar 23 ga Yuni, 1957, a Gibson City, Illinois .  Noreen (Nickelson) da Vernon McDormand ne suka karbe ta tun tana 'yar shekara daya da rabi kuma suka sake masa suna Frances Louise McDormande. Mahaifiyarta mai kula da yara ta kasance ma'aikaciyar jinya kuma mai karɓar baƙi yayin da mahaifinta mai kula ya kasance fastocin Almajiran Kristi; dukansu biyu sun fito ne daga Kanada. McDormand ta ce mahaifiyarta ta halitta - wacce ta bayyana da alfahari, tare da kanta, a matsayin "farar shara" - na iya kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin masu Ikklisiya a cocin Vernon. Tana da 'yar'uwa, Dorothy A. "Dot" McDormand, wacce ta kasance mai ba da izini ga almajiran Kristi kuma malamin addini,  da kuma ɗan'uwa, Kenneth, dukansu biyu kuma McDormande ne suka karbe su, wadanda ba su da yara na halitta.

Saboda mahaifin McDormand ya ƙware wajen maido da ikilisiyoyi,  sau da yawa ya ƙaura da iyalin su, kuma sun zauna a ƙananan garuruwa da yawa a Illinois, Georgia, Kentucky, da Tennessee,  kafin su zauna a Monessen, Pennsylvania, inda McDormande ya kammala karatu daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Monessen a 1975. Ta halarci Kwalejin Bethany a Yammacin Virginia, inda ta sami digiri na farko a wasan kwaikwayo a shekarar 1979. A shekara ta 1982, ta sami digiri na Master of Fine Arts daga Makarantar Wasan kwaikwayo ta Yale . Ta kasance abokin zama na 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Holly Hunter yayin da take zaune a Birnin New York . 

## Ayyuka

### 1980s: Ayyuka na farko da ci gaba
Matsayin farko na McDormand ya kasance a cikin wasan Derek Walcott a cikin Fine Castle wanda aka fi sani da The Last Carnival, wanda Gidauniyar MacArthur ta ba da kuɗin kuma ta yi a Trinidad. A shekara ta 1984, ta fara fim dinta a Blood Simple, fim na farko da mijinta Joel Coen da surukinta Ethan Coen suka yi. A shekara ta 1985, McDormand ya bayyana a cikin Sam Raimi's Crimewave, da kuma wani labari na Hunter . A shekara ta 1987, ta bayyana a matsayin abokiyar Dot a cikin Raising Arizona, tare da Holly Hunter da Nicolas Cage . Baya ga rawar da ta taka a fim na farko, McDormand ta buga Connie Chapman a karo na biyar na wasan kwaikwayo na 'yan sanda na talabijin na Hill Street Blues, kuma ta bayyana a cikin wani labari na 1986 na The Twilight Zone . A shekara ta 1988, ta buga Stella Kowalski a cikin wani mataki na Tennessee Williams 'A Streetcar Named Desire, wanda aka zaba ta don Kyautar Tony don 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau a wasan kwaikwayo.[1] McDormand memba ne na kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo na gwaji The Wooster Group . A shekara ta 2002, "wasan da baiwa" McDormand ya yi aiki a matsayin Oenone a cikin samar da Wooster Group na "mai ban sha'awa" na bala'in Racine na Phèdre mai taken To You, the Birdie! , a St. Ann's Warehouse a Brooklyn, New York.[2]

Bayan ta bayyana a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da talabijin da yawa a cikin shekarun 1980, McDormand a hankali ta sami shahara da yabo mai mahimmanci saboda aikinta na ban mamaki a fim. A shekara ta 1989, an zabi ta don Kyautar Kwalejin don Mafi Kyawun Mataimakin Mataimakin Mississippi Burning (1988).  An jefa shi tare da Gene Hackman da Willem Dafoe, McDormand an ware shi don yabo, tare da Sheila Benson a cikin bita ga *[[Los Angeles Times]]* rubuta, "Hadin gwiwar Hackman ya kai matsayi a nan, amma McDormande ya tashi daidai tare da shi. Kuma tunda ita ce muryar fim din kawai na ɗabi'a, daidai ne cewa ba za a iya mantawa da ita ba".

## Manazarta