Tsayawa na jama'a

Wasu hukunce-hukunce na iya yin wasu nau'ikan masu aikata laifuka masu haɗari ga wuraren tsare-tsare na jihar bayan kammala hukuncin su idan wannan mutumin yana da "rashin daidaituwa" ko rikicewar mutum wanda ke sa mutumin ya iya shiga cikin laifukan jima'i idan ba a tsare shi a cikin wani wuri mai aminci ba. A cikin Amurka, jihohi ashirin, gwamnatin tarayya, da Gundumar Columbia suna da wani nau'i na waɗannan dokokin sadaukarwa, waɗanda ake kira "Mutumin tashin hankali na jima'i" (SVP) ko dokokin "Mutanen da ke da haɗari na jima'a".

Gabaɗaya, dokokin SVP suna da abubuwa uku:  cewa an yanke wa mutumin hukunci kan laifin tashin hankali na jima'i (kalma da aka bayyana ka'idojin da suka dace), cewa mutumin yana fama da rashin daidaituwa na hankali da / ko rikicewar mutum, wanda ke haifar da wahalar da suke da ita wajen sarrafa halayensu na tashin hankali, kuma wannan rashin daidaituwa ta hankali da / Ko rikicewar mutuntaka ya sa mutumin zai iya shiga cikin ayyukan lalata idan ba a tsare shi a cikin wani wuri mai aminci ba.

"Rashin daidaituwa na hankali" kalma ce ta doka wacce ba daidai ba ce da rikicewar hankali, kodayake masana gabaɗaya suna nufin ganewar asali da ke cikin Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) a matsayin shaidar rashin daidaituwa ta hankali.

## Tarihi
A cikin 1990, an kafa dokar SVP ta farko a jihar Washington, biyo bayan manyan hare-haren jima'i da kisan kai biyu da Earl Kenneth Shriner da Gene Kane suka yi. A mayar da martani ga hare-haren, Helen Harlow - mahaifiyar wanda aka azabtar da Earl Shriner - ta kafa wata kungiya da aka sani da The Tennis Shoe Brigade don matsawa gwamnatin jihar don canza dokokin da suka shafi masu aikata laifuka na jima'i. Gwamnan Washington Booth Gardner ya kafa Task Force on Community Protection don yin la'akari da mafita masu yuwuwa.

Yayinda Task Force ta yi shawara, mai kisan gilla Westley Allan Dodd ya sace, ya yi wa fyade, kuma ya kashe yara maza uku a Vancouver, Washington, wanda aka kashe shi ta hanyar ratayewa. Majalisar dokoki ta jihar, biyo bayan shawarar Task Force, ta kafa Dokar Kare Al'umma ta 1990.

Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta bayyana cewa "ƙaddamar da jama'a" na tsoffin masu aikata laifukan jima'i "civilian" ne kuma ba na hukunci ba kamar yadda alƙalai na babban kotun suka ɗauka a matsayin gaskiya da'awar da'awar jihar ta nuna cewa tana da hanyar gano wani rukuni na mutane, wanda jihar ta lakafta "masu cin zarafin jima'i", waɗanda suka kasance "mai haɗari sosai" saboda "hawarsu na shiga cikin maimaita ayyukan cin zarafin cin zarafin lalata [kasancewa] mai girma" (Kansas Hendricks (1997) 521 US 346.

## Tsayawa na jama'a
Gidan yari na jama'a shine tsarin shari'a na yau da kullun wanda mutanen da aka yanke musu hukunci kan wasu laifukan jima'i (yawanci masu aikata laifukan lalata) na iya kasancewa ƙarƙashin sadaukarwa ba tare da son rai ba bayan kammala hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku, kuma yana da yiwuwar hukunci na dokokin masu cin zarafin jima'i.

### Tsarin
Kodayake cikakkun bayanai game da tsarin shari'a na iya bambanta daga jiha zuwa jiha, Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta sake dubawa kuma ta tabbatar da tsarin mulki wanda aka karɓa a Kansas. Dubi *[[Kansas v. Hendricks]]*, 521 US 346 (1997). A can, ana iya fara shari'ar tsare-tsare na farar hula a kan "duk mutumin da aka yanke masa hukunci ko kuma aka tuhume shi da laifin tashin hankali na jima'i kuma wanda ke fama da rashin daidaituwa na hankali ko rikicewar mutum wanda ke sa mutum ya iya shiga cikin ayyukan tashin hankali na tashin hankali na lalata". Yawancin waɗannan kalmomin an bayyana su a cikin doka, gami da "rashin hankali na hankali," wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "tsarin haihuwa ko kuma ya shafi yanayin da ya shafi yanayin motsin rai ko ikon son rai wanda ke haifar da mutum don yin laifuka na tashin hankali a cikin irin wannan lafiyar wasu.

## Manazarta