Bodega

**A harshen** New York City, wani ƙaramin **shagon** sayar da abinci ne da masu shi ke amfani / shi , wanda ke ba da abinci mai zafi da aka shirya, wanda galibi ana buɗe shi a ƙarshen sa'o'i kuma yawanci yana da tasirin kasuwar ƙabilanci .    Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Birnin New York ta bayyana bodega a matsayin kowane shago mai girman da ya isa "wanda ke sayar da madara, nama ko ƙwai amma ba shagon musamman ba ne (gidan burodi, mahauta, shagon cakulan, da sauransu) kuma ba shi da rajistar kuɗi sama da biyu".  Mafi shahara a wuraren da ke kan titunan birnin New York kuma suna da alaƙa da al'ummomin baƙi da kuma al'ummar Puerto Rico, ana ƙaunarsu saboda al'adunsu na jin daɗi da halayensu masu launi.  Ya zuwa shekarar 2020, an kiyasta cewa akwai kimanin bodegas 13,000 a faɗin birnin New York. 

## Asalin Ma'anar
A cikin Sifaniyanci, bodega kalma ce ta "ɗakin ajiya" ko "ɗakin giya", ko "ɗakin ajiya", wanda ke da asali iri ɗaya da kalmomin " boutique " da " mai turare "; ma'anar daidai ta bambanta a yankuna a cikin yaren Sifaniyanci, kuma kalmar birnin New York ta ƙarshe ta samo asali ne daga amfani da Puerto Rican da Cuban don "ƙaramin kayan abinci". (A Cuba ta zamani, kalmar yanzu yawanci tana nufin shagon rabon abinci na gwamnati .)

A Turanci, bayyanar farko ta bodega ta samo asali ne daga wani tarihin tafiya na Spain daga 1846, wanda ke bayanin ma'ajiyar ruwan inabi.   Jaridar  ta ruwaito farkon buɗe bodega a birnin New York a shekarar 1902; an bayyana shi a matsayin "ɗakin mashaya" na Sipaniya,  kamar cantina . Ma'anar takamaiman nau'in shagon kayan kwalliya na Puerto Rican na birnin New York ta samo asali ne kawai a tsakiyar ƙarni na 20, tare da farkon bugawa a cikin *Time* a shekarar 1956;  kodayake an yi amfani da kalmar a baya ga irin waɗannan cibiyoyi tun daga shekarun 1920. 

"Bodega" na birnin New York yayi kama da, kuma yana iya yin karo da, kayan abinci masu daɗi, rumfar jaridu, shagon kusurwa, shagon kayan abinci na kusurwa, ko shagon alewa .   

## Abinci da lafiya
*Jaridar The Atlantic* ta lura cewa "tsarin kasuwancin bodega ya ba da damar sayar da abinci mara lalacewa wanda galibi ba shi da lafiya."  A shekara ta 2005, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Birnin New York ta ƙaddamar da Shirin Lafiya na Bodegas don taimaka wa bodegas wajen tara abinci mai lafiya.  Duk da haka, yankunan da suka dogara da bodega kamar Bronx - waɗanda ke da bodegas 25 ga kowane babban kanti   —a ci gaba da kimanta shi a matsayin abinci mai nisa .  

## Tarihi
An shahara da bodegas na birnin New York a tsakiyar karni na ashirin ta hanyar 'yan Puerto Rico .    Wasu shaguna an sanya musu suna ne saboda wurare a Puerto Rico.  Duk da cewa an fara rubuta su a shekarun 1930 - an yi bikin cika shekaru 50 a gidan rediyo na WADO a shekarar 1986 - bodegas na farko ya buɗe tun da farko.  Misalan farko sun haɗa da wuraren da ke hidimar ma'aikatan masana'antu a Greenpoint, Brooklyn, da La Marqueta a Gabashin Harlem, inda rumfunan da ke hidimar abinci na Puerto Rican (da farko an haɗa su cikin kayayyakin da 'yan kasuwar Yahudawa na gida ke sayarwa) suka zama mallakar Puerto Rico a shekarun 1920 da 1930.  Sauran ƙungiyoyin Latino a birnin suma sun rungumi bodegas, suna ba da nau'ikan abinci na Latin Amurka iri-iri.  Centro de Estudios Puertorriqueños a Kwalejin Hunter suna da tarin hotunan bodegas na tarihi.  Duk da cewa asalinsu 'yan Hispanic ne, a ƙarshen shekarun 2010, kusan rabin dukkan motocin bodega na New York baƙi ne 'yan asalin ƙasar Yemen 'yan asalin Amurka . Masu kasuwancin Yemen sun jagoranci kamfen ɗin rufe bodega a watan Fabrairun 2017 don nuna rashin amincewa da Dokar Zartarwa mai lamba 13769, dokar hana tafiye-tafiye da Shugaban Amurka Donald Trump ya kafa. 

## Bodegas a cikin al'adun jama'a
Wani shahararren bodega, Gem Spa, wuri ne na taruwa ga mawakan beats a Greenwich Village na New York a shekarun 1960. Wasu kuma suna ganin Gem Spa shine wurin da aka haifi kirim ɗin ƙwai .       Waƙar Lin-Manuel Miranda ta 2005 mai suna *In the Heights* ta mayar da hankali ne kan halin Usnavi, mamallakin wani gidan bodega na gida a Washington Heights, Manhattan . 

Bronx ta kuma fuskanci ƙaruwa mai yawa a shaguna da shagunan littattafai waɗanda ke nuna asalin al'adun yankin. Misali, *Bronx Native* da tarin "Bodega Dreams" suna bikin da kuma kiyaye waɗannan tushen al'umma da gangan. 

## Manazarta