Hukumar Kula da Magunguna ta Afirka

**Hukumar Kula da Magunguna ta Afirka** ( **AMA** ) wata hukuma ce ta musamman ta Tarayyar Afirka (AU) da aka gabatar da ita da nufin sauƙaƙe daidaita ka'idojin kiwon lafiya a cikin Tarayyar Afirka . Ana bin irin wannan tsari irin na Hukumar Kula da Magunguna ta Turai, an yi niyya don samun fa'ida mai fa'ida wanda ya shafi magunguna, magungunan gargajiya, da na'urorin likitanci .

AMA shine mataki na baya-bayan nan a kokarin AU da kungiyoyin Afrika na shiyya-shiyya na inganta karfin kiwon lafiya a nahiyar. Irin wannan ƙoƙarin an yi niyya ne don magance ƙarancin samar da magunguna da ƙalubalen da ke tattare da jabun samfuran jabun da marasa inganci. Da zarar an ƙirƙira shi, ana sa ran AMA za ta kula da ɗaukar ayyukan da wasu ƙungiyoyi ke aiwatarwa a halin yanzu, kamar ƙoƙarin daidaitawa na yanki da ƙirar AU kamar shirin Tsarin Magungunan Magunguna na Afirka (AMRH) da kwamitocin fasaha irin su Cibiyar Kula da Alurar rigakafi ta Afirka (AVAREF), kimantawa na Dandalin Fasahar Magunguna na Afirka (EDF).

AU ta amince da yarjejeniyar kafa hukumar kula da magunguna ta Afirka a watan Fabrairun 2019. Ya fara aiki ne a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba, 2021, bayan amincewa daga kasashe mambobin AU na 15, Kamaru . 

Hedkwatar AMA za ta kasance a Ruwanda . 

## Tarihi
Hukumar Kula da Magunguna ta Afirka (AMA) ci gaba ce ta ci gaba da yunƙurin daidaita tsarin kula da lafiya a nahiyar.   A duk faɗin Afirka an kiyasta cewa kashi 3 cikin ɗari ne kawai na magungunan da ake buƙata ana samarwa,  tare da magungunan da ba sa samuwa a cikin gaggawa yayin larurar lafiya.  Kimanin masana'antun magunguna 375 a nahiyar suna samar da kashi 10-30 ne kawai na magungunan da ake amfani da su a Afirka.  Wani kalubalen shi ne yawaitar kayayyakin kiwon lafiya marasa inganci da na jabu.  Iyakoki marasa ƙarfi suna sauƙaƙe irin waɗannan samfuran don motsawa a cikin nahiyar, kuma akwai babban bambanci a cikin ingancin ƙa'idodin kiwon lafiya na yanzu tsakanin ƙasashe na Tarayyar Afirka (AU).  Yayin da kowace ƙasa ban da Jamhuriyar Demokradiyar Larabawa ta Sahrawi tana da Hukumomin Kula da Magunguna na Ƙasa (NMRAs), da yawa ba su iya aiwatar da ayyuka masu mahimmanci da ake tsammani. WHO ta dauki kashi 90 cikin 100 na kasashen Afirka a matsayin mafi karancin karfin ikon kula da lafiya. Ba a rarraba magunguna da yawa ga wasu ƙasashe saboda tsawon lokacin da ake buƙata don samun amincewar tsari. 

A shekara ta 2005 AU ta yanke shawarar samar da "tsarin samar da magunguna don Afirka".  A ƙarƙashin wannan an kafa shirin daidaita tsarin daidaita magunguna na Afirka (AMRH) a cikin 2009,  kuma an ƙaddamar da shi gabaɗaya a cikin 2012.  AMRH ta wakilci karo na farko da NMRAs a cikin Afirka suka yi aiki tare. 

A yayin taron ministocin kiwon lafiya na Afirka karo na 1, wanda ya gudana a ranar 14-17 ga Afrilu, 2014 a Luanda, an bukaci kasashe mambobin su ware albarkatu ga wata hukumar kula da magunguna ta Afirka a wani bangare na kokarinsu na inganta daidaiton ka'idojin kiwon lafiya.  A wannan shekarar ta ga ƙirƙirar 11 "Cibiyoyin Gudanar da Ƙarfafa Tsarin Mulki".  Hukumar da aka tsara ta samo asali ne daga Hukumar Kula da Magunguna ta Turai .  Ana sa ran cewa a ƙarshe aikin AMRH zai zo ƙarƙashin ikon AMA. 

A cikin 2016 AU ta amince da Dokar Samfura akan Dokokin Samfuran Likita . Wannan doka tana aiki azaman abin koyi ga dokokin ƙa'ida na ƙasa kuma tana sauƙaƙe daidaitawa tsakanin ƙasashe, [1] kuma AMRH ce ke haɓakawa. [2] Ana sa ran shirin gwajin rigakafin alurar riga kafi na ƙasashe daban-daban, Ƙungiyar Kula da Alurar rigakafi ta Afirka (AVAREF), za ta faɗaɗa ƙarƙashin AMA don rufe sauran magunguna da na'urorin likitanci.

Manufar Hukumar Kula da Magunguna ta Afirka ta sami goyon baya baki daya a cikin AU.  An amince da yarjejeniyar kafa Hukumar Kula da Magunguna ta Afirka a watan Fabrairun 2019 a yayin zama na 32 na Majalisar Tarayyar Afirka .  Anyi wannan ta hanyar Majalisar yanke shawara/AU/Dec.735(XXXII), wacce ta sake tabbatar da hukuncin EX. CL/1141(XXXIV) daga zaman majalisar zartarwa na 34th. 

Kasashe na iya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar ko dai a hedkwatar AU da ke Addis Ababa ko kuma a yankinsu.  An rubuta shi don fara aiki kwanaki 30 bayan an ajiye kayan aiki na 15 na amincewa da hawan Yesu zuwa AU. 

Taron komitin fasaha na musamman na kungiyar AU kan kiwon lafiya, yawan al'umma da kuma hana magunguna ya yi kira da a tabbatar da "gaggawa" a watan Agustan 2019, inda hudu ne kawai daga cikin kasashe 15 da ake bukata suka amince da yarjejeniyar. Har ila yau tallafin ya samu daga hukumar kula da harkokin zamantakewa ta AU.

Dr. Margaret Agama-Anyetei, shugabar kiwon lafiya, abinci mai gina jiki, da yawan jama'a a Hukumar Tarayyar Afirka, ta bayyana cewa cutar ta COVID-19 ta nuna bukatar irin wannan hukumar, kuma tana fatan amincewa da gaggawar zai baiwa AMA damar taka rawa wajen rarraba magunguna da alluran rigakafin da suka dace a fadin Afirka a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.  Majalisar Pan-African ta kuma buga COVID-19 a matsayin misali na bukatar AMA.  A watan Yuni 2020, AU ta kafa "Tsarin Kayayyakin Magunguna na Afirka" don taimakawa wajen yaƙar COVID-19. 

## Tsarin

An tsara AMA a matsayin wata hukuma ta musamman ta Tarayyar Afirka. Manufarta ita ce karfafa karfin kasashen AU don daidaita magunguna da kayayyakin da suka shafi, ba da jagoranci na tsari, da daidaita kokarin da ake yi na likitanci a fadin nahiyar. Wannan daidaituwar ta shafi ayyukan ƙasashe membobi, Hukumar Tarayyar Afirka, Ƙungiyoyin Tattalin Arziƙi na Yanki (RECs), da Kungiyoyin Lafiya na Yanki.  AMA za ta gina kan haɗin gwiwar yanki mafi kusa,   wanda ya riga ya yi aiki don rage farashin magunguna da lokacin da ake buƙata don amincewar tsari.  ARMH yayi aiki ta hanyar RECs,  kuma an ba da shawarar cewa waɗannan ƙungiyoyin yanki sun zama ƙungiyoyin aiki na fasaha a cikin AMA.  Kasashen da suka rattaba hannu kuma suka amince da yarjejeniyar za a nemi su nemi karbar bakuncin hedkwatarsu. 

Kayayyakin likitanci da za a rufe sun haɗa da magunguna, alluran rigakafi, na'urorin likitanci, samfuran jini, kayan aikin bincike, da magungunan gargajiya . Ana sa ran kungiyar za ta yi aiki kafada da kafada da Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka ta Afirka da ake da su. 

Ana kallon AMU a matsayin mai mahimmanci saboda ci gaban yankin ciniki cikin 'yanci na Nahiyar Afirka, wanda ake sa ran haɓaka cikin Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Afirka ta 2028.  Daidaita ka'idojin yanki a cikin al'ummar Gabashin Afirka, wanda aka haɓaka a ƙarƙashin AMRH, ya dogara ne akan yarjejeniyar ciniki cikin 'yanci a cikin ƙungiyar. 

## Matsayi
Yarjejeniyar kafa Hukumar Kula da Magunguna ta Afirka ta fara aiki ne a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba 2021 bayan amincewa da kasashe 15. Ya zuwa watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2024, kasashe 37 daga cikin 55 na kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ko dai sun rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar ko kuma suka amince da ita. 

### Sa hannu

* Rwanda - Yuni 12, 2019 
* Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic - 7 Yuli 2019  
* Algeria - 7 ga Yuli, 2019  
* Madagascar - 1 Agusta 2019  
* Ghana - Agusta 2, 2019 
* Mali - Oktoba 29, 2019 
* Benin - Disamba 3, 2019 
* Tunisiya - Disamba 19, 2019 
* Maroko - Disamba 22, 2019 
* Senegal - Janairu 9, 2020 
* Chadi - 24 ga Janairu, 2020  
* Guinea - 7 ga Fabrairu, 2020  
* Seychelles - Fabrairu 9, 2020  
* Nijar – 9 ga Fabrairu 2020  
* Saliyo - 10 Fabrairu 2020 
* Gabon - Afrilu 20, 2020 
* da dai sauransu.

### Amincewa

* Rwanda - 18 Disamba 2019 an amince da shi, 6 Janairu 2020 ajiya 
* Mali - 9 ga Afrilu 2020 an amince da shi, 2 Yuni 2020 an saka shi 
* Burkina Faso - 14 Afrilu 2020; 9 Yuli 2020 ajiya
* Seychelles - 13 ga Agusta 2020; 23 Nuwamba 2020 ajiya
* Namibiya - 19 ga Janairu 2021 ta amince; 18 Fabrairu 2021 ajiya
* Ghana - 24 Fabrairu 2021; 16 Maris 2021 ajiya
* Guinea - 21 Afrilu 2021 an amince da shi; May 7, 2021 ajiya
* Saliyo - 28 ga Mayu 2021 an amince da shi; 14 Yuni 2021 ajiya
* Algeria - 10 Yuni 2021 an amince da shi; 22 Yuni 2021 ajiya
* Tunisiya - 14 Yuli 2021 an amince da shi
* Maroko - Yuli 6, 2020 
* da dai sauransu.

## Magana

## Mahaɗa
* Treaty for the Establishment of the African Medicines Agency 
* Press Release Nº10/32nd AU Summit: African Union leaders adopt the Treaty for the establishment of the African Medicines Agency (AMA)