Auslan

Auslan (/ˈɒzlæn/; taƙaice na Harshen kurame na Australiya) shine yaren kurame da yawancin al'ummar Kurame na Australia ke amfani da shi. Auslan yana da alaƙa da Harshen Kurame na Burtaniya (BSL) da Harshen Kurame na New Zealand (NZSL); ukun sun fito ne daga yaren iyaye ɗaya, kuma tare sun ƙunshi dangin yaren BANZSL. Kamar yadda yake tare da sauran yarukan kurame, ƙamus da ƙamus na Auslan sun bambanta da Turanci da ake magana. Ba za a iya danganta asalinsa ga kowane mutum ba; maimakon haka, yare ne na halitta wanda ya fito da kansa kuma ya canza a tsawon lokaci

## Sanarwa da matsayi
Gwamnatin Australiya ta amince da Auslan a matsayin "harshe na al'umma ban da Ingilishi" da kuma harshen da aka fi so na kurame a cikin maganganun manufofi a cikin 1987  da 1991.  Koyaya, wannan sanarwa har yanzu ba ta tace ta hanyar cibiyoyi da yawa, sassan gwamnati, da masu sana'a waɗanda ke aiki tare da kurame ba.

Matsayin Auslan mai tasowa ya tafi hannu da hannu tare da ci gaban kurame a Ostiraliya, tun daga farkon shekarun 1980. A cikin 1982, rajistar masu fassara yaren kurame na farko ta NAATI,  sabuwar ƙungiyar da aka kafa don fassara da fassara, ta ba da ma'anar halatta ga Auslan, wanda aka kara da shi ta hanyar buga ƙamus na farko na Auslan a cikin 1989 (Johnston, 1989). Auslan ya fara fitowa a matsayin harshen koyarwa ga ɗaliban kurame a makarantun firamare da sakandare daga ƙarshen 1980s - galibi ta hanyar samar da masu fassarar Auslan / Ingilishi a manyan makarantu (mai ji) tare da rukunin tallafin kurame, amma kuma a wasu shirye-shiryen harsuna biyu na musamman ga yara kurame. An ƙarfafa shi ta hanyar aiwatar da Dokar Nuna Bambanci ga nakasassu ta tarayya ta 1992, ana kuma ba da masu fassarar Auslan / Ingilishi a cikin ilimi na uku.

A yau akwai karuwar darussan da ke koyar da Auslan a matsayin yare na biyu, daga batun harshe na zaɓaɓɓen da wasu makarantun sakandare ke bayarwa zuwa difloma na cikakken lokaci na shekaru biyu a TAFE.

Abubuwan da ke cikin Auslan a talabijin a Ostiraliya suna da iyaka. Har zuwa wani lokaci, "Deaf TV", wanda ya kasance gaba ɗaya a Auslan kuma masu sa kai na kurame ne suka samar da shi, an watsa shi a gidan talabijin na Channel 31 a Melbourne. A lokacin annobar COVID-19, Auslan ta sami lokacin karuwar ganuwa ta hanyar taron manema labarai daga shugabannin tarayya da jihohi da jami'an kiwon lafiya, wanda ke nuna masu fassara na Auslan. Tun daga shekarar 2020, labaran ABC News na Lahadi 5pm ya hada da fassarar Auslan.

### Shahararrun masu ba da shawara ga Auslan
A shekara ta 2006 David Gibson shi ne memba na farko na kowane majalisa a Ostiraliya don ba da jawabin budurwa a Auslan kuma ya shiga cikin abubuwan da suka faru na Auslan don mako na kurame na kasa a majalisar dokokin Queensland, gami da amfani da masu fassara Auslan don lokacin tambaya da muhawara tsakanin mambobin al'ummar kurame da membobin majalisa kan batutuwan nakasassu a shekara ta 2007.

Matashin Australiya na Shekara na 2015, Drisana Levitzke-Gray, mai goyon bayan Auslan ne kuma, a cikin jawabin karɓa ta amfani da Auslan, ta yi kira ga Gwamnatin Ostiraliya, da Australiya, don koyo da amfani da Ausran a matsayin harshen halitta, a matsayin Hakkin ɗan adam ga Australiya.

## Tarihi

Auslan ya samo asali ne daga nau'ikan yaren kurame da aka kawo Ostiraliya a cikin karni na sha tara daga Burtaniya da Ireland. Rubuce-rubucen farko na kurma na Australiya shine Elizabeth Steel, wanda ya isa a cikin 1790 a cikin Jirgin Ruwa na Biyu "Lady Juliana". Har yanzu babu wata shaida ta tarihi, duk da haka, cewa ta yi amfani da yaren kurame. Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun baƙi kurame na farko da aka sani shine mai zane John Carmichael  wanda ya isa Sydney a cikin 1825 daga Edinburgh. Ya kasance a makarantar kurma a can, kuma an san shi da mai ba da labari mai kyau a yaren kurame.

Shekaru talatin da biyar bayan haka, a cikin 1860, wani kurma Scotsman, Thomas Pattison - Royal Institute for Deaf and Blind Children a New South Wales ya kafa makarantar kurma. A Victoria bayan 'yan makonni, wani ɗan Ingilishi mai kurma ne ya kafa Kwalejin Victorian don Kurame, Frederick J Rose, Landan ya yi karatu a Old Kent Road School a London. Wadannan makarantu da sauransu suna da babban rawar da suka taka a ci gaban Auslan, saboda su ne farkon hulɗa da yaren kurame ga yara kurame da yawa. Saboda su makarantun zama ne, sun ba da isasshen dama ga yaren ya bunƙasa, duk da cewa a makarantu da yawa, an dakatar da sanya hannu daga aji don yawancin karni na 20.

## Manazarta