Gladys Cooper

**Dame Gladys Constance Cooper** (18 Disamba 1888 - 17 Nuwamba 1971) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Ingila, manajan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma furodusa, wanda aikinsa ya kai shekaru bakwai a kan mataki, a fina-finai da talabijin.

Da farko a matsayin matashi a cikin Wasan kwaikwayo na Edwardian da pantomime, ta fito a cikin rawar gani da fina-finai masu shiru kafin Yaƙin Duniya na farko . Ta gudanar da Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Playhouse daga 1917 zuwa 1934, inda ta taka rawa a wurare da yawa. Daga farkon shekarun 1920 Cooper ya sami yabo a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na W. Somerset Maugham da sauransu.

A cikin shekarun 1930 ta yi fice a cikin shirye-shirye a West End na London da Broadway. Da yake ƙaura zuwa Hollywood a cikin 1940, Cooper ya sami nasara a cikin matsayi daban-daban. Ta sami gabatarwa uku na Kwalejin Kwalejin don Mafi Kyawun Mataimakin, don wasan kwaikwayon a cikin The Song of Bernadette (1943), My Fair Lady (1964) kuma, mafi shahara, Yanzu, Voyager (1942). A cikin shekarun 1950 da 1960 ta yi aiki a kan mataki da kuma kan allo, ta ci gaba da fitowa a kan mataki har zuwa shekarar da ta gabata.

## Rayuwa ta farko da aiki

An haifi Cooper a 23 Ennersdale Road, Hither Green, Lewisham, London, babba daga cikin 'ya'ya mata uku na Charles William Frederick Cooper (1844-1939) da Mabel (Barnett) Cooper (1861-1944). 'Yan uwanta mata biyu sune Doris Mabel (1891-1987) da Grace Muriel (1893-1982). Marubucin Henry St. John Cooper ɗan'uwa ne. Cooper ta shafe mafi yawan yarinta a Chiswick, inda iyalinta suka koma lokacin da take jariri.

Ta fara fitowa a fagen wasa a 1905 tare da Seymour Hicks a cikin Bluebell na kiɗa a Fairyland kuma tana zama sanannen samfurin daukar hoto. A cikin 1906, ta bayyana a matsayin Lady Swan a London a cikin The Belle of Mayfair sannan a cikin pantomime Babes in the Wood a matsayin Mavis . A shekara mai zuwa ta zama yarinya mai raira waƙa a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Gaiety, ta kirkiro karamin rawar Eva a cikin 'yan mata na Gottenberg . A wannan Kirsimeti, ta sake kasancewa a cikin Babes in the Wood, a wannan lokacin tana wasa da Molly. A cikin 1908, ta bayyana a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na *Havana* wanda ya biyo baya, a shekara mai zuwa, ta Our *Miss Gibbs*, inda ta buga Lady Connie; sai ta sake tafiya tare da Hicks, a cikin Papa's Wife, kafin ta buga Sadie von Tromp a cikin wasan kwaikwayon The Dollar Princess a Daly's Theatre a cikin 1909. A shekara ta 1911, ta bayyana a cikin samar da The Importance of Being Earnest da kuma Man and Superman . Daga cikin wasu wasannin da yawa, a shekara mai zuwa ita ce Muriel Pym a Milestones a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Royalty . Wani muhimmin abu na 1913 shine Dora a cikin *diflomasiyya* a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Wyndham . A wannan shekarar ta kuma taka rawar gani a cikin The Pursuit of Pamela a Royalty . 

A shekara ta 1913 Cooper ta bayyana a fim dinta na farko, The Eleventh Command, ta ci gaba da yin fina-finai da yawa a lokacin yakin duniya na farko da kuma jim kadan bayan haka. Ta ci gaba da aiki na cikakken lokaci, duk da haka, gami da bayyanar a matsayin Lady Agatha Lazenby a cikin The Admirable Crichton a 1916 da Clara de Foenix a Trelawny of the Wells . Bugu da kari, a cikin 1917, Cooper ta zama co-manager, tare da Frank Curzon, na Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Playhouse, ta karɓi iko daga 1927 har sai da ta bar a 1933. A cikin waɗannan shekarun, ta yi fice sau da yawa a cikin My Lady's Dress . Ta bayyana a cikin W. Somerset Maugham's Home and Beauty a 1919, ta sake maimaita Dora a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na His Majesty a 1920 da sauran wurare bayan haka, kuma duka sun samar da kuma taka rawa da yawa a gidan wasan kwaikwayon Playhouse . 

Ba har zuwa 1922, duk da haka, a tsakiyar shekarunta na talatin ba, ta sami babban nasara, a cikin Arthur Wing Pinero's The Second Mrs. Tanqueray . Da farko a cikin aikinta na mataki, an soki ta saboda ta yi tsananin ƙarfi. Aldous Huxley ta yi watsi da rawar da ta taka a Home and Beauty, inda ta rubuta "ta yi yawa, tana da kyau sosai, tana wasa a duk lokacin kamar Galatea ce, ba ta da ƙwarewa kuma har yanzu ba a amfani da ita ga hanyoyin duniya mai rai ba. "  A bayyane yake, aikinta ya inganta a wannan lokacin, yayin da Maugham ya yaba mata saboda "ta juya kanta daga 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mara kulawa zuwa mai ƙwarewa sosai" ta hanyar hankalinta da ƙwazo. Ga duka shirye-shiryen Kirsimeti na 1923 da 1924 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Adelphi, Cooper ya buga wasan kwaikwayo a cikin Peter Pan, yayin da yake taka wasu matsayi da yawa a wannan gidan wasan kwaikwayo a waɗannan shekaru biyu. Ta bayyana a cikin Maugham's The Letter in London kuma a kan yawon shakatawa a 1927 da 1928, a cikin Excelsior (wanda aka daidaita daga "L'Ecole des Cocottes" na H.M. Harwood) a 1928, kuma a cikin Maigham's the Sacred Flame a 1929, kuma a London da kuma yawon shakataw.

Daga cikin sauran rawar, Cooper ita ce Clemency Warlock a cikin Cynara (1930), Wanda Heriot a cikin The Pelican (1931), Lucy Haydon a cikin Dr Pygmalion (1932), Carola a cikin The Firebird (1932), Jane Claydon a cikin The Rats na Norway (1933), Mariella Linden a cikin The Shining Hour a 1934 da 1935, a London da New York City kuma yawon shakatawa (a lokaci guda tana yin fim din "talkie" na farko, The Iron Duke), kuma tana wasa da Desdemona da Lady Macbeth a Broadway a 1935. Ta kasance Dorothy Hilton a cikin Call it a Day, kuma a London da New York, daga 1935 zuwa 1936. Wani muhimmin abu na 1937 shine Laura Lorimer a cikin Goodbye to Yesterday a London da kuma yawon shakatawa. A cikin 1938, ta buga Tiny Fox-Collier a cikin Spring Meeting a New York, Montreal da Burtaniya, da kuma rawar Shakespeare da Fran Dodsworth a Dodsworth . Ta sake maimaita Taron bazara a shekarar 1939.[1]

## Manazarta