James B. Simmons

**James B. Simmons,** (c. 1827 - Disamba 17, 1905), minista ne kuma mai abolitionist a Lokacin Antebellum. Ya yi aiki a matsayin ministan Baptist a Providence, Rhode Island; Indianapolis, Indiana; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; da Birnin New York.

Bayan Yaƙin basasar Amurka, ya kasance mai wa'azi na Amurka wanda ya kasance Sakatare na American Baptist Home Mission Society daga shekarar 1867 zuwa 1874. Ya kasance mai ba da gudummawa da kuma amintacce na, Jami'ar Hardin-Simmons a Texas, wanda aka sanya masa suna.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
haife shi a Arewa maso Gabas, Dutchess County, New York a cikin 1827.  Mahaifinsa William Simmons manomi ne mai tsada daga ƙasar Holland. Mahaifiyarsa Clarissa Roe, ta zuriyar Scotch, an jefa ta daga karusa kuma an kashe ta lokacin da James bai kai wata biyar ba.

 'yan uwa hudu: [1] Hervey Roe, Edward W. Julia da Amanda . Ɗan'uwansa Edward, wanda ya girme Simmons da shekaru goma sha ɗaya, malami ne a makarantar gargajiya ta Sheffield. Ya shirya don samun ilimi mai zurfi daga ɗan'uwansa kuma ya halarci sashen shirye-shiryen Jami'ar Madison (yanzu Jami'ar Colgate) a Hamilton, New York daga 1846 zuwa 1847.  Ya yanke shawarar zama Baptist bayan ya ji wani mai bishara yana magana a Sheffield. Rev. John LaGrange ya yi masa baftisma a tsohuwar Cocin Baptist na Arewa maso Gabas. Ya yi aiki a matsayin manomi da malami yayin da yake karbar karatunsa kuma ya halarci tarurrukan addu'a. Ya shiga Jami'ar Brown a 1847 kuma ya kammala a 1851. [1] Ya yi karatu tare da matarsa a wani seminary a Rochester, New York na shekara guda. Sun kuma yi karatu tare a Newton Theological Seminary kuma ya kammala karatunsa a can a 1854.  

## Aure da ɗa
 sadu da Mary Eliza Stevens lokacin da ya halarci Jami'ar Brown . Iyayenta, Deborah da Robert Stevens, sun kasance Quakers masu arziki daga Rhode Island. Mary ta kammala karatu daga kwalejin Quaker tare da bambanci. Ta zama Baptist bayan ta sadu da Simmons. Ma'auratan sun yi aure a ranar 28 ga Oktoba, 1851. Maryamu tana da sha'awar aikin mishan. Ta yi karatun Girkanci da Ibrananci a makarantar sakandare. An haifi ɗansu Robert a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 1854, a Providence, Rhode Island . Ya zama likita, bayan ya kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Homeopathic a New York.

## Ayyuka

### Minista
Ba ya sami digiri daga Brown, kuma yayin da yake karatu a makarantar sakandare, ya kasance fasto na Ikilisiyar Baptist ta Uku a Providence, Rhode Island daga 1851 zuwa 1854. Ya jagoranci Ikilisiyar Baptist ta farko ta Indianapolis tun daga watan Agustan shekara ta 1857. [1] A shekara ta 1861, ya bar Indianapolis zuwa Cocin Baptist na Biyar na Philadelphia . A karkashin jagorancinsa cocin Gothic English style. Ya zama sananne ne saboda ikonsa na daidaita tattara kudade da iyawarsa a matsayin minista, wanda aka ba shi lada ta digirin digirin digirgir biyu daga jami'o'i biyu.

Simmons  ga wani bawa mai gudu mai suna West wanda mataimakin marshal ya harbe shi kuma daga baya aka kama shi. Ya firgita cewa dokokin gwamnati sun yi nisa da fahimtar Littafi Mai-Tsarki. Wannan ya kai shi ga gabatar da wa'azi mai taken The American Slave System Tried by the Golden Rule kuma ya yi rantsuwa da yin aiki da gaskiya game da imanin da ke ci gaba. Bayan ya yi wa'azi cewa an halicci dukkan mutane daidai kuma ya kira gwamnan, an ƙone cocin. Ya kuma sami barazanar. Ya rubuta The Cause and Cure of the Rebellion: Har zuwa inda mutanen jihohin masu aminci ke da alhakin yaki.

Ba ya yi ritaya daga American Baptist Home Mission Society, ya yi hidima ga Ikilisiyar Old Trinity Baptist Church a New York.  Ya kasance a can daga 1874 zuwa 1882.

## Manazarta