Ivan Silayev

**Ivan Stepanovich Silayev** ( Russian:   ; 21 Oktoba 1930 - 8 Fabrairu 2023) ɗan siyasa ne na Soviet da Rasha. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na Tarayyar Soviet ta ofishin shugaban Kwamitin Gudanar da Ayyukan Tattalin Arzikin Tarayyar Soviet (28 Agusta - 25 Disamba 1991) kuma shugaban Kwamitin Tattalin Arziki na Jamhuriya ta Tsakiya (20 Satumba - 14 Nuwamba 1991). Wanda ke da alhakin kula da tattalin arzikin Tarayyar Soviet a lokacin marigayi Gorbachev, shi ne shugaban gwamnatin Tarayyar Soviet na ƙarshe, wanda ya gaji Valentin Pavlov .

Bayan kammala karatunsa a shekarun 1950, Silayev ya fara aikinsa na siyasa a Ma'aikatar Masana'antar Jiragen Sama a shekarun 1970. A zamanin Brezhnev, ya zama Ministan Masana'antar Jiragen Sama, Ministan Masana'antar Kayan Inji da Gina Kayan Aiki, kuma memba na Kwamitin Tsakiya . Lokacin da aka rushe Gwamnatin Nikolai Tikhonov ta Biyu, Mikhail Gorbachev ya naɗa shi a shekarar 1985 mataimakin shugaban Majalisar Ministoci a Gwamnatin Nikolai Ryzhkov ta Farko. Ya bar dukkan mukamai a gwamnatin tsakiya a watan Oktoban 1990 don mai da hankali kan mukaminsa na shugaban Majalisar Ministocin Rasha, wanda aka naɗa shi a watan Yuni na wannan shekarar. A can ya fuskanci matsaloli da dama a majalisar ministoci a lokacin da yake kan mulki, kuma duk da cewa yana goyon bayan mafi yawan manufofin Boris Yeltsin, ya yi adawa da manufofin raba gari na Yeltsin, wanda ya haifar da wargajewar Tarayyar Soviet, a lokacin da yake rike da mukamin Firayim Ministan Tarayyar Soviet, wanda ya mamaye a watan Agustan 1991. Saboda haka, bayan wata guda, an cire shi daga mukamin Firayim Ministan SFSR na Rasha kuma aka maye gurbinsa da Firayim Minista Oleg Lobov .

Silayev de facto ya zama Firayim Ministan Tarayyar Soviet a ranar 28 ga Agusta 1991 bayan juyin mulkin da bai yi nasara ba a watan Agusta da kuma soke Majalisar Ministoci, lokacin da ba a iya kafa sabuwar majalisar ministoci ba kuma aka bai wa sabuwar kwamitin tattalin arziki, wanda shi ke jagorantarta tun ranar 24 ga Agusta, ikon majalisar ministocin. Bayan rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet, ya ci gaba da aiki wa gwamnatin Yeltsin a matsayin Wakilin Dindindin na Rasha ga Al'ummar Turai ( Tarayyar Turai tun 1992) har zuwa lokacin da ya yi murabus a 1994. A lokacin zaben 'yan majalisa na 2007, Silayev ya tsaya takarar Jam'iyyar Agrarian ta Rasha .

## Rayuwar farko da aiki
An haifi Silayev a ranar 21 ga Oktoba, 1930, a Baktyzino,  Oblast, SFSR ta Rasha, Tarayyar Soviet . Ya kammala karatunsa daga Cibiyar Jiragen Sama ta Kazan a shekarar 1954 a matsayin injiniyan injiniya. A shekarar 1959 Silayev ya zama memba na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Tarayyar Soviet (CPSU). A lokacin da yake aiki a Cibiyar Jiragen Sama ta Gorky (Gorky yanzu Nizhny Novgorod ne ), inda ya fara a shekarar 1954, ya ci gaba daga matakin mafi ƙasƙanci zuwa ga shugaban kamfanin daga 1971 zuwa 1974. 

Bayan haka, Silayev ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Ministan Masana'antar Jiragen Sama, kuma daga baya aka naɗa shi Ministan Masana'antar Jiragen Sama a shekarar 1981 a gwamnatin Nikolai Tikhonov ta farko . Ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin Ministan Masana'antar Kayan Inji da Gina Kayan Aiki na Tarayyar Soviet daga 1980 zuwa 1981.  A babban taro na 26, an zaɓi Silayev a Kwamitin Tsakiya (CPSU).  A shekarar 1985, a lokacin mulkin Mikhail Gorbachev, an naɗa Silayev mataimakin shugaban Majalisar Ministoci kuma shugaban Ofishin Gina Inji na Majalisar Ministoci a gwamnatocin farko da na biyu na Nikolai Ryzhkov . Ya yi aiki a waɗannan mukamai har sai da aka naɗa shi Firayim Ministan SFSR na Rasha a shekarar 1990. A shekarar 1986, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kwamitin gwamnati kan Bala'in Chernobyl . 

## Firayim Ministan Rasha SFSR

### Alƙawari
Zaɓen Shugaban Majalisar Ministocinbsp;– Gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Soviet ta Rasha (RSFSR), wacce a zahiri ita ce Firayim Ministan Tarayyar Soviet ta Rasha, ba a ɗauke ta a matsayin wani muhimmin abu ba; an zaɓe Firayim Ministan ne bayan zaɓen shugaban Tarayyar Soviet ta Rasha, mataimakin shugaban Tarayyar Soviet ta Rasha, da kuma bayan muhawara kan aikin gona na Rasha . An umarci Boris Yeltsin, shugaban Tarayyar Soviet ta Rasha, da ya zaɓi 'yan takara don mukamin Firayim Ministan Tarayyar Soviet ta Rasha. Mikhail Bocharov, ɗan kasuwa mai nasara kuma shugaban ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa, shugaban Cibiyar Jiragen Sama ta Moscow Yuri Ryzhkov, da Silayev aka zaɓe su a matsayin 'yan takara. Ryzhkov ya janye takararsa kafin a kammala zagaye na farko na zaɓe. A lokacin zaɓen, Bocharov ya bayyana shirinsa na gyaran tattalin arziki mai ƙarfi ga mataimakan Tarayyar Soviet; a cikinsa za a mayar da masana'antu masu zaman kansu, kuma tallafin da ake bai wa kamfanoni marasa riba zai ƙare a cikin wani shiri na gyaran kwanaki 100. Silayev bai da wani shiri makamancin wannan na gyaran tattalin arziki ba amma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wanda Yeltsin ya fi so a wannan matsayi. 

## Manazarta