Ɓarkewar cutar sankarau ta yammacin Afirka ta 2009-2010

**Ɓarkewar cutar sankarau ta yammacin Afirka ta 2009-2010** 

annoba ce ta cutar sankarau wacce ta faru a Burkina Faso, Mali, Nijar, da Najeriya tun daga watan Janairun 2009,   kasadar shekara-shekara a cikin belt ɗin sankarau na Afirka. Kimanin mutane 13,516 ne suka kamu da cutar sankarau, kuma 931 sun mutu.  Najeriya ce ƙasar da ta fi fama da cutar, inda sama da rabin adadin waɗanda suka kamu da cutar ke faruwa a ƙasar. Hukumar ta WHO ta ba da rahoto a ranar 27 ga watan Maris 2009 cewa mutane 1,100 sun mutu kuma akwai 25,000 da ake zargi da cutar.  Wannan dai ita ce annoba mafi muni a yankin tun shekara ta 1996, kuma an sha amfani da kashi uku cikin uku na tarin allurar rigakafin gaggawa na duniya.  GaVI Alliance ta yi ƙoƙarin samun ƙarin rigakafi. 

## Tarihi

Annobar cutar sankarau a kowace shekara a yammacin Afirka, wanda yawanci yakan shafi mazauna tsakanin 25,000 zuwa 200,000.  Duk da haka, wannan annoba ta kasance annoba mafi muni tun a shekarar 1996.  Cutar sankarau ta wannan shekarar ta kama mutane sama da 100,000 kuma ta kashe 10,000 a cikin watanni uku. 

A cewar kungiyar Doctors Without Borders, tawagogin allurar rigakafi kusan 400 na mutane biyar kowannen su na yi wa dubban mutane rigakafin a kowace rana a yankin na wasu makonni. A jimlace, an yiwa mutane miliyan 2.8 allurar rigakafi a yankunan Zinder, Maradi, Dosso a Nijar, da kuma mutane miliyan 4.5 a jihohin Katsina, Jigawa, Bauchi, Kebbi, Sokoto, Niger, Zamfara, Kaduna, da Gombe a Najeriya. An ci gaba da gudanar da aikin rigakafin a wasu wurare a Najeriya ga jimillar mutane 255,000. 

## Ƙasashen da abin ya shafa

### Burkina Faso
Ɓarkewar cutar ta shafi sassa huɗu a Burkina Faso: Sashen Batié, Sashen Manni, Sashen Solenzo, da Sashen Toma.  Kimanin kashi 15% na waɗanda suka kamu da cutar sun mutu ne daga cutar sankarau. Bugu da kari, an sami bullar cutar kyanda a daidai lokacin da cutar sankarau.

### Mali
A ƙasar Mali mutane 54 ne suka kamu da cutar sankarau, shida daga cikinsu sun mutu.  A lokacin ɓarkewar cutar, kungiyoyi da yawa suna gudanar da gwajin rigakafin cutar sankarau. 

### Nijar
Cutar ta fara ɓulla ne a ƙarshen watan Janairu inda aka samu ɓullar cutar a yankin Zinder da ke kudancin Nijar.  Idan aka kwatanta da cutar sankarau a cikin shekarar 2008, an sami ƙarin rahoton lokuta, amma tare da ƙarancin mace-mace.  Gundumomi biyar a Nijar sun kamu da cutar sosai, yayin da wasu takwas ke cikin shirin ko ta kwana, a cewar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya.  Wani rahoto da aka fitar a ranar 1 ga watan Mayu daga garuruwa masu nisa na arewacin Nijar ya bayyana yadda ake samun ƙaruwar masu cutar da ma'aikatan 'yan ci-rani daga Najeriya da Ghana da ke bi ta yankin da ke fatan shiga ƙasashen Aljeriya da Libya, da kuma daga can Turai. Hukumar kula da kiwon lafiyar jama'a ta yankin Agadez ta bayar da rahoton ɓullar cutar guda 189 tare da mutuwar mutane 16 a yankin, yayin da 99 suka kamu da cutar tare da mutuwar 4 a Agadez kaɗai. A yankunan da suka fi nisa a gabas, jami'ai a Bilma da Dirkou sun ba da rahoton ɓullar cutar guda 36 amma 10 daga cikinsu sun yi sanadiyar mutuwarsu. 

### Najeriya
Najeriya ta yi fama da tashin hankali, inda mutane 562 suka mutu a cikin 9,086 da suka kamu da cutar.  Mutane 333 sun mutu a ƙasar cikin watanni uku a cikin jihohi ashirin da biyu cikin talatin da shida.  Ƙananan hukumomi 217 kuma sun ba da rahoton ɓullar cutar.  Najeriya ce ta fi fama da matsalar, 

Jihohi da dama sun hau manyan allurar rigakafin sankarau da yakin neman bayanai bayan ɓarkewar cutar.  Babatunde Osotimehin, Ministan Lafiya na Najeriya ya ce al’ummarsa sun shirya tsaf don fuskantar annobar da ake sa ran: “A ranar 3 ga watan Satumba, 2008, mun sanar da ɗaukacin Jihohin da ke ɗauke da cutar sankarau da su kara sanya ido, ba da magunguna da kayayyakin dakin gwaje-gwaje da wayar da kan jama’a kan matakan kariya. Tabbas, tun daga watan Agustan 2008, ma'aikatar ta sanya dukkan jihohin da ke fama da cutar sankarau tare da chloramphenicol mai mai da kuma kayan aikin ɗakin gwaje-gwaje don tabbatar da lamuran." 

## Duba kuma

* 2009 Bolivian dengue zazzabi annoba
* 2009 Gujarat barkewar cutar hanta
* 2010 Jahar Zamfara Annobar gubar gubar
* Annobar cutar Ebola a yammacin Afirka
** Annobar Ebola a Guinea
** Annobar cutar Ebola a Saliyo
** Annobar cutar Ebola a Laberiya
** Cutar Ebola a Mali

## Manazarta