Emma C. Chappell

**Emma C. Chappell** (18 ga Fabrairu, 1941 - 16 ga Maris, 2021) wacce aka haifa a matsayin **Emma Carolyn Bayton**, 'yar asalin ƙasar Amurka ce, wacce ta kafa kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Bankin United Bank of Philadelphia. Ita ce mace 'yar asalin ƙasar Amurka ta biyu da ta kafa banki a Amurka bayan Maggie L. Walker a 1903. Ita ce mace ƴar asalin ƙasar Amurka ta farko da ta kafa bankin kasuwanci mai cikakken aiki a Amurka kuma mace ta farko da ta zama mataimakiyar shugabar babban banki a jihar Pennsylvania . Shirye-shiryenta na banki sun ba da kuɗin sake ginawa a Philadelphia, kasuwancin tsiraru da mata, da kuma rancen kuɗi ga mazauna ƙananan kuɗi don siyan gidaje.

Ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'ajiyar kuɗi na yakin neman zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na Jesse Jackson a shekarar 1984, ta taimaka wajen kafa ƙungiyar Rainbow Coalition, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban darakta na aikin Rainbow/PUSH Wall Street.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Chappell a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, 1941,  ga Emma da George Bayton.  Mahaifiyarta ta mutu lokacin da Chappell ke da shekaru 14 kuma mahaifinta ne ya rene ta. Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta West Philadelphia kuma memba ce a Cocin Baptist na Zion.  Fastonta, Rev. Leon Sullivan, shugaban ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin jama'a ta Philadelphia, ya fahimci ƙwarewarta ta lissafi bayan ya ba ta gwajin ƙwarewa kuma ya ƙarfafa ta ta yi aiki a fannin banki.

Ta sami digirin farko  daga Jami'ar Temple a shekarar 1967  da kuma digirin masters daga Makarantar Digiri na biyu ta Stonier a Jami'ar Rutgers .  Takardar digirin masters ɗinta mai taken "Dabarar Banki don Ci gaban Kasuwanci na Ƙananan 'Yan tsiraru".  Ta sami digirin girmamawa guda biyar. 

## Sana'a
Ta kuma fara aikinta a matsayin ma'aikacin banki a Bankin Continental kuma ta riƙe wasu mukamai kamar ƙwararren mai ba da lamuni don sake duba lamuni. A shekarar 1967, Chappell ta shiga shirin horar da manyan jami'ai kuma an ɗaukaka ta zuwa mataimakiyar ma'aji a shekarar 1971 bayan kammala shirin.  A shekarar 1977, ta zama mataimakiyar shugabar farko ta Afirka-Amurka a Bankin Continental. Ita ce mace ta farko da ta zama mataimakiyar shugabar wani babban banki a Pennsylvania. 

Chappell ta kasance mai kula da Sashen Ba da Lamuni da Ci Gaban Kasuwanci na Al'umma don ba da lamuni ga ƙananan kasuwanci mallakar tsiraru da na mata. Ta ba da lamuni sama da dala miliyan 30 ga kasuwancin mallakar baƙar fata. A shekarar 1974, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka shirya Kamfanin Ci Gaban Kasuwanci na Philadelphia wanda ya taimaka wajen sake gina Philadelphia ta hanyar ba da lamuni na kasuwanci. Ta kasance wacce ta kafa Tsarin Lamunin Gidaje na Delaware Valley wanda ya taimaka wa mazauna ƙananan kuɗi su sayi gidaje.

Ta ɗauki hutu daga bankin a shekarar 1984 don yin aiki a matsayin ma'ajin ƙasa na kamfen ɗin shugaban ƙasa na Jesse Jackson  kuma ta taimaka wajen kafa ƙungiyar Rainbow Coalition ta Jackson. 

A shekarar 1987, wani gungun fitattun 'yan Philadelphia sun nemi Chappell da yiwuwar kafa bankin da ke karkashin ikon baƙar fata. Sun bayar da gudummawar dala 600,000, amma faduwar kasuwar hannayen jari ta watan Oktoban 1987 ta jinkirta.  A shekarar 1992, bayan shekaru biyar da suka yi suna kokarin tara dala miliyan 5 da masu kula da harkokin Pennsylvania ke bukata domin samun riba a banki, Chappell ta kafa Bankin United na Philadelphia.  Ta tara dala miliyan 3 daga al'ummar baƙar fata ta hanyar sayar da hannun jari a cikin tubalan dala 500, sannan ta tara wasu dala miliyan 3 daga manyan masu zuba jari, wanda ya haifar da dala miliyan 1 fiye da yadda ake bukata.  Wannan ya sanya ta zama mace 'yar Afirka ta biyu da ta kafa banki tun Maggie L. Walker ta yi a shekarar 1903,  kuma mace 'yar Afirka ta farko da ta kafa bankin kasuwanci mai cikakken aiki a Amurka.  A wancan lokacin, Bankin United na Philadelphia shi ne kawai bankin kasuwanci mallakar 'yan Afirka ta Amurka a arewacin layin Mason-Dixon . Bankin da ya kasance mallakar Baƙar fata na ƙarshe a Philadelphia, Citizens &amp;amp; Southern National Bank, ya ƙare a shekarar 1956. 

Ta ƙirƙiri United Bank of Philadelphia da nufin haɓaka ci gaban al'umma ta hanyar samar da ingantattun ayyukan banki na musamman ga 'yan kasuwa da daidaikun mutane a Philadelphia. Bankin ya faɗaɗa ta hanyar siyan rassansa shida daga Resolution Trust Corporation kuma ya girma daga wuri ɗaya da ajiyar dala miliyan 18 zuwa wurare bakwai da ajiyar dala miliyan 87.2.  A shekarar 1994, Black Enterprise ta naɗa United Bank of Philadelphia a matsayin kamfanin kuɗi na shekara.  A shekarar 1997, bankin yana da kadarori na dala miliyan 106, ya bayar da nasa katunan bashi, kuma ya yi haɗin gwiwa da American Express don bayar da shawarwari kan saka hannun jari.  A shekarar 1999, don girmama ci gaban da bankin ya samu, United Bank ta sami kyautar Blue Chip Enterprises Award, wadda Mass Mutual da Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta Amurka suka ɗauki nauyinta. 

Chappell ta bar bankin a shekarar 2000 a cikin abin da ya yi kama da yanke shawara ta son rai. Duk da haka, a shekarar 2001, United Bank of Philadelphia ta kai ƙararta kuma an bayyana cewa an nemi ta tafi kuma an zarge ta da zamba a cinikin gidaje, ta karɓi kuɗin ajiye motoci masu yawa daga ma'aikata, da kuma cajin bankin kuɗin limousine da na ajiye motoci. Ta warware ƙarar kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na yarjejeniyar an buƙaci ta yi shiru game da abin da ya faru.  

Ta yi aiki a matsayin babbar darekta a Rainbow/PUSH Wall Street Project wanda ya haɓaka kamfanonin kuɗi don ɗaukar 'yan tsiraru aiki.  Ta taimaka wajen kafa Majalisar Jagorancin Mata Baƙaƙe ta Philadelphia  kuma ta haɗu da shirya wani shiri na rediyo a WURD mai suna iri ɗaya.  Shugaba Clinton ne ya naɗa ta don ta zama memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na Asusun Ci gaban Kamfanonin Kudancin Afirka da kuma kwamitin amintattu na lambar yabo ta Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award . 

Chappell ta jagoranci wani shiri mai suna "Pasport 2000" don gabatar da ɗalibai 2000 ga tanadi da kula da kuɗi a matsayin mabuɗin 'yancin kai na tattalin arziki.  A shekarar 2015, an naɗa ta cikin ƙungiyar sauyi ta Gwamnan Pennsylvania Tom Wolf a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan harkokin kuɗi. 

Ta kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Masu Bankuna ta Amurka, Ƙungiyar Masu Bankuna ta Ƙasa,  kuma memba mai daraja a Alpha Kappa Alpha .  Ta sami yabo da yawa saboda nasarorin da ta samu, ciki har da daga mujallar BlackBook, Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Mata Masu Launi ta Ƙasa, reshen Arewacin Philadelphia na NAACP, Sashen 'Yan Sanda na Philadelphia, da Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Gudanarwa . 

Chappell ya mutu a ranar 16 ga Maris, 2021,  saboda cutar sepsis  kuma an binne shi a makabartar West Laurel Hill da ke Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania . 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Ta auri Verdayne Chappell a ranar 7 ga Mayu, 1960. Sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu amma daga baya suka sake su. 

## Gado
A shekarar 2025, an sanya wa rukunin gidaje 700 na Market Street da ke Philadelphia suna Emma Chappell Way don girmama ta. 

## Manazarta
**Ambato**