Ma'aikacin Shari'a

**Ma'aikacin shari'a**, ma'aikacin Shari'a, ko **Mataimakin shari'a** mutum ne, sau da yawa lauya, wanda ke ba da shawara kai tsaye da taimako ga lauya ko Alƙali ta hanyar bincike da kuma rubuta ra'ayoyin shari'a don shari'a a gaban kotu. Ma'aikatan shari'a galibi suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da shari'ar shari'a ta hanyar tasirin su akan yanke shawara na alƙalai. Bai kamata a rikita Ma'aikatan shari'a da ma'aikatan doka ba (wanda ake kira "ma'aikatan shariʼa" a Kanada), Ma'aikatan kotu, ko mataimakan kotun da ke ba da tallafin sakatare da gudanarwa ga lauyoyi da / ko alƙalai kawai.

Ma'aikatan shari'a yawanci sun kammala karatunsu ne a makarantar shari'a da suka yi a ko kusa da saman aji da / ko halartar makarantun shari'a masu matsayi. Yin aiki a matsayin magatakarda na shari'a ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin manyan mukamai a cikin ƙungiyoyin shari'a, kuma yana buɗe dama mai yawa a cikin ilimi, aikin lauya, da aikin gwamnati mai tasiri.

A wasu ƙasashe, an san ma'aikatan shari'a a matsayin abokan shari'a ko mataimakan shari'a. A kasashe da yawa, ana yin ayyukan magatakarda ta hanyar lauyoyi na dindindin ko ƙananan alƙalai masu kama da alƙalai, kamar waɗanda ke zaune a Majalisar Dattijai ta Faransa. A kotunan Birtaniya da Hong Kong, an san su da mataimakan shari'a. Kotun Turai tana amfani da lauyoyi na dindindin (référendaires) da *Masu koyo* (matasa masu digiri na shari'a). Ostiraliya, Kanada, Sweden, da Brazil suna da sanannun tsarin magatakarda.

## Kotun Turai
Labarin Sally Kenney game da ma'aikata, ko masu ba da shawara, a Kotun Shari'a ta Turai (ECJ) ya ba da cikakken bayani game da kwatanci (2000). Akwai wasu manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin ma'aikatan ECJ da takwarorinsu na Amurka, galibi saboda yadda aka tsara ECJ. Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman bambance-bambance shine cewa ma'aikatan ECJ, yayin da alƙalai suka hayar su, suna aiki na dogon lokaci ba tare da al'ada ta shekara guda ba a Kotun Koli ta Amurka. Wannan yana ba ma'aikatan ECJ ƙwarewa da iko. Saboda alƙalai na ECJ suna aiki na shekaru shida masu sabuntawa kuma ba sa bayar da ra'ayoyin mutum, rawar da ta fi muhimmanci ga ma'aikatan ECJ ita ce sauƙaƙe daidaito da ci gaba a fadin ɗakunan, jihohin membobin, da kuma tsawon lokaci.

### Ra'ayoyi
Akwai ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da tasirin mataimakan a kan bangaren shari'a na Poland. Wasu malamai suna sukar sana'ar, saboda - a ganinsu - alƙalai da kansu ya kamata su rubuta nasu ra'ayoyin, saboda hakan zai shafi inganci da tsawon waɗannan takardu. Koyaya, fitattun alƙalai sun bayyana cewa "mai taimako mai kyau dukiya ce da za a samu" (Alkalin Krystian Markiewicz), yayin da wasu ke gunaguni cewa ba sa buƙatar mataimakan da "ba sa yanke shawara ba tare da taimako ba" (Alkali Barbara Piwnik, kuma tsohon Ministan Shari'a).  Sabanin yawancin tsarin shari'a na Yamma, ana bayyana sana'ar mataimakin shari'a a Poland a wasu lokuta a matsayin "marasa biyan kuɗi" da kuma "marasa kyau".

### Tarihi
,Kodayake Mai Shari'a Horace Gray shine alƙali na farko na tarayya (kuma saboda haka mai shari'a na farko na Kotun Koli) don hayar ma'aikatan shari'a a 1882,  a cewar masanin tarihi James Chace, Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. da Louis Brandeis sune alƙalai na farko na kotun Koli don amfani da waɗanda suka kammala karatun lauya a kwanan nan a matsayin magatakarda, maimakon hayar "sakatare-sakatare".  A matsayinsa na farfesa a Harvard, Felix Frankfurter ya zaɓi ma'aikatan shari'a ga Alkalai Holmes da Brandeis. Brandeis yana aiki a yadda za a horar da kuma amfani da ma'aikatansa a kotun ƙwararrun ma'aikatan.". s.
## Manazarta