Leymah Gbowee

**Leymah Roberta Gbowee** (an haife ta a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 1972) 'Yar fafutukar zaman lafiya ce ta Liberia wadda ke da alhakin jagorantar wata ƙungiyar mata masu fafutukar zaman lafiya marasa tashin hankali, Women of Liberia Mass Action for Peace wadda ta taimaka wajen kawo ƙarshen Yaƙin Basasa na Biyu na Liberia a 2003. Ƙoƙarin da ta yi na kawo ƙarshen yaƙin, tare da abokiyar aikinta Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, sun taimaka wajen kawo zaman lafiya kuma sun ba da damar zaɓen 'yanci a 2005 wanda Sirleaf ta lashe.  Gbowee da Sirleaf, tare da Tawakkul Karman, an ba su kyautar Nobel Peace Prize ta 2011 "saboda gwagwarmayar da suka yi ba tare da tashin hankali ba don kare lafiyar mata da kuma haƙƙin mata na shiga cikin aikin gina zaman lafiya."

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Leymah Gbowee a tsakiyar Liberia a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 1972. Tana da shekaru 17, tana zaune tare da iyayenta da 'yan'uwanta mata biyu a Monrovia yayin da take shirin ci gaba da karatunta, lokacin da Yaƙin Basasa na Farko na Liberia ya ɓarke a shekarar 1989, ya jefa ƙasar cikin rudani har zuwa 1996 "Yayin da yaƙin ya lafa sai ta ji labarin wani shiri da UNICEF ke gudanarwa,... horar da mutane su zama ma'aikatan zamantakewa waɗanda za su ba da shawara ga waɗanda yaƙi ya raunata," in ji Gbowee a cikin tarihin rayuwarta na 2011, *Mighty Be Our Powers* .  Ta yi horo na tsawon watanni uku, wanda hakan ya sa ta san irin cin zarafin da ta yi a hannun mahaifin 'ya'yanta biyu ƙanana, ɗanta Joshua "Nuku" da 'yarta Amber. Tana neman zaman lafiya da wadatar zuci ga iyalinta, Gbowee ta bi abokin zamanta, ta kira Daniel a cikin tarihin rayuwarta, zuwa Ghana inda ita da iyalinta masu tasowa (an haifi ɗanta na biyu, Arthur) suka rayu a matsayin 'yan gudun hijira marasa matsuguni kuma kusan sun yi yunwa. Ta gudu da 'ya'yanta uku, ta hau bas bisa bashi na tsawon mako guda "saboda ba ni da ko sisi," zuwa ga rikicin Liberia, inda iyayenta da sauran 'yan uwanta har yanzu suke zaune. 

A shekarar 1998, a ƙoƙarinta na samun shiga shirin digiri na associate of art a fannin aikin zamantakewa a Kwalejin Kimiyyar Lafiya ta Mother Patern, Gbowee ta zama mai aikin sa kai a cikin wani shiri na Cocin Lutheran da ke Laberiya wanda ke aiki daga Cocin St. Peter's Lutheran da ke Monrovia, inda mahaifiyarta shugabar mata ce kuma Gbowee ta cika shekarun ƙuruciyarta. Ana kiransa Shirin Warkarwa da Sulhu da Rauni (THRP), kuma ya nuna farkon tafiyar Gbowee zuwa zama mai fafutukar zaman lafiya:

Ofisoshin THRP sababbi ne, amma shirin yana da tarihi. Ikklisiyoyin Laberiya sun kasance masu aiki a kokarin zaman lafiya tun lokacin da yakin basasa ya fara, kuma a cikin 1991, fastocin Lutheran, shugabannin lay, malamai da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya sun shiga tare da Kungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kirista ta Laberiya don kokarin gyara lalacewar tunani da zamantakewa da yaƙin ya bari. : 81 Gbowee ta yi karatu kuma ta yi aiki zuwa ga abokin aikinta na digiri na fasaha, wanda aka ba ta a shekara ta 2001,: yayin da take amfani da horar da ita a warkar da rauni da sulhu don ƙoƙarin farfado da wasu tsoffin sojoji na sojojin Charles Taylor.  An kewaye ta da hotuna na yaƙi, ta fahimci cewa "idan za a yi wani canji a cikin al'umma dole ne uwaye su kasance". Gbowee ta haifi 'yar ta biyu Nicole "Pudu", ta sa ta zama mahaifiyar yara huɗu, yayin da ta shiga babi na gaba na tafiyar rayuwarta - ta tara matan Laberiya don dakatar da tashin hankali da ke lalata yaransu.

## Ilimi da horo
Gbowee ta sami digiri na *Associate of Arts* a cikin aikin zamantakewa (2001) daga Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Lafiya ta Uwar a Monrovia, Laberiya, kuma daga baya ta kammala karatu tare da shaidar *Master of Arts in Conflict Transformation* (2007) daga Jami'ar Mennonite ta Gabas a Harrisonburg, Virginia. Ta kuma sami takardar shaidar a cikin Rigakafin Rikicin da Horar da Zaman Lafiya daga Cibiyar Horar da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Cibiyar Warkar da Wadanda ke fama da rauni a Kamaru, da Ilimin Zaman Lafiya a Laberiya.

A cikin yanayin tausayi na wasu mata masu son zaman lafiya, Gbowee ta ba da labarin rayuwarta mai raɗaɗi a karon farko, ciki har da kwanciya a ƙasan wani asibiti tare da jaririnta na tsawon mako guda saboda ba ta da kuɗin da za ta biya kuɗin kuma babu wanda zai taimake ta. "Babu wani a Afirka da ke yin haka: mai da hankali kan mata kawai sai gina zaman lafiya."  Ekiyor ta zama mai horarwa da kawar Gbowee. Ita ce kuma wadda ta sanar da ƙaddamar da WIPNET a Laberiya kuma ta naɗa Gbowee a matsayin mai kula da shirin Mata na Laberiya. Ana iya gano manufar falsafar "cocin zaman lafiya" ta Gbowee zuwa wannan zamanin - Thelma Ekiyor, Rev. "BB" Colley, Samuel Gbaydee Doe, da Hizkias Assefa duk suna da alaƙa da Jami'ar Eastern Mennonite a Amurka, ko dai a matsayin tsoffin ɗalibai ko (a yanayin Assefa) a matsayin farfesa mai ci gaba. 

### Jagorancin ƙungiyar mata mai yawa
A cikin bazara na shekara ta 2002, Gbowee tana amfani da kwanakinta wajen aikin warkar da rauni da maraice a matsayin jagorar WIPNET da ba a biya a Laberiya. 'Ya'yanta, yanzu sun hada da 'yar riko mai suna Lucia "Malou" (hakan yasa yawan yaranta suka kai biyar), suna zaune a Ghana a ƙarƙashin kulawar 'yar'uwarta.148 A yayin da take barci a ofishin WIPNET wani dare, ta farka daga mafarki inda ta ce Allah ya gaya mata, "Ki tara mata kuma ka yi addu'a don zaman lafiya!"122 Wasu abokanta sun taimaka mata wajen fahimtar cewa mafarkin ba don wasu aka yi ba, kamar yadda Gbowee ta yi tunani; maimakon haka, ta fahimci cewa wajibi ne a gare ta yi aiki da kanta. :122

Bayan wani taron karawa juna sani na WIPNET a Laberiya,:&#x200A; Gbowee da abokanta, ciki har da wata mace Musulma 'yar kabilar Mandingo mai suna Asatu, sun fara ne ta hanyar "zuwa masallatai a ranar Jumma'a da tsakar rana bayan addu'o'i, zuwa kasuwanni a safiyar Asabar, zuwa majami'u biyu a kowace Lahadi.126 Takardunsu suna dauke da rubutu: "Mun gaji da kashe yaranmu da ake yi! Mun gaji da cin zarafinmu!! Mata, ku farka - kuna murya a cikin tsarin zaman lafiya!" Sun kuma ba rarraba zane ga mata wadanda basu iya karatu don saukin fahimta.127 

A lokacin rani na shekara ta 2002, an san Gbowee a matsayin mai magana da yawun kuma jagora mai bada sha'awa na Mata na Jam'iyyar Gagarumin Aiki na Laberiya, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin Yunkurin zaman lafiya wanda ke farawa da mata na yankin suna addu'a da raira waƙa a kasuwar kifi. Mata kuma za su yi tsayayya da yakin ta hanyar azumi da zuwa gine-ginen gwamnati don yin zanga-zanga. Suna aiki a fannin addini da kabilanci, Gbowee ta jagoranci dubban mata Krista da Musulmai su taru a Monrovia na tsawon watanni. Sun yi addu'a don zaman lafiya, ta hanyar amfani da addu'o'in Musulmi da na Kirista, kuma a ƙarshe sun gudanar da zanga-zangar lumana da kuma zama-a gida don ƙin umarni daga shugaban mai zalunci a wannan lokacin, Charles Taylor.: 128, 135 

Sun shirya zanga-zangar da ta hada da barazanar la'ana da yajin aikin jima'i. Game da yajin aikin, Gbowee ta ce, "Yajin aikin [jima'i] ya kasance a cikin salon kailula, na 'yan watanni. Ba shi da tasiri ko babu wani tasiri mai amfani, amma yana da matukar amfani wajen jawo hankalin kafofin watsa labarai.":" &#x200A; A cikin wani mataki mai haɗari, mata a ƙarshe sun mamaye filin da aka yi amfani da shi don kwallon kafa; yana kusa da Tubman Boulevard, hanyar Charles Taylor yake bi kullum sau biyu a rana, zuwa da dawowa kuma daga Capitol Hill. Don sanya kansu a matsayin kungiya, daukakin matan sun sanya fararen  riguna, suna nuna zaman lafiya, tare da tambarin WIPNET da fararen gashi. : Taylor a ƙarshe ya ba da damar sauraron mata a ranar 23 ga Afrilu 2003. Tare da mata sama da 2,000 da aka tara a waje da gidansa na zartarwa, Gbowee shine mutumin da aka zaba don yin shari'arsu a gare shi. : 140 Gbowee ta sanya fuskarta don Taylor ya gan ta amma ta yi magana ta hanyar Grace Minor, shugaban majalisar dattijai kuma mace daya tilo ma'aikaciyar gwamnati da ke wurin:

*"Mun gaji da yaki, mun gaji da guduwa. Mun gaji da rokon kwanan alkama. Mun gaji da fyade da ake yi wa yaran mu. A yanzu mun dauka wannan matsaya, don tsiratar da gaban 'ya'yan mu. Saboda mun yarda a matsayin jagororin al'umma, gobe 'ya'yanmu zasu tambaye mu, "Mama, menene rawar da kika taka a lokacin rikicin".* 

## Manazarta