Fikile Ntshangase

**Fikile Ntshangase** (an haife ta a kusan 1957) ta kasance mai fafutukar kare muhalli a Afirka ta Kudu wacce aka kashe a ranar 22 ga Oktoba 2020. Ta kasance babbar mamba a kungiyar Mfolozi Community Environmental Justice Organization (MCEJO), wacce ke ɗaukar matakin shari'a kan shirin faɗaɗa ma'adinan kwal a buɗe wanda Tendele Coal Mining (Pty) Ltd ke gudanarwa, kusa da Somkhele, wanda ke kusa da wurin shakatawa na Hluhluwe–iMfolozi, wurin adana namun daji mafi tsufa a Afirka. 

## Fafutukar kare muhalli

### Aikin muhalli
Ntshangase Mataimakin Shugaba ne na wani ƙaramin kwamiti na MCEJO.  A baya ƙungiyar ta ƙalubalanci faɗaɗa haƙar ma'adinai a Mthethwa ta hanyar tsarin tantance tasirin muhalli . MCEJO tana samun tallafi daga Earthlife Africa, groundWork, ActionAid South Africa, da WoMin .

#### Al'ummar Mpukukunyoni
MCEJO ta shiga cikin ƙalubalantar ma'adinan Somkhele bisa buƙatar mazauna yankin Mpukukunyoni. An ba Tendele Coal Mining ƙarin haƙƙoƙi a yankin kuma faɗaɗa ma'adinan zai isa kusa da Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Namun daji .  Ma'adinan yana kusa da gidan Ntshangase a Ophondweni a lardin KwaZulu-Natal, Afirka ta Kudu. Ita ce mafi girman masana'antar anthracite ta Afirka, wacce ake amfani da ita wajen samar da ƙarfe.  Al'ummar Mpukukunyoni ta saba dogara ne akan kiwo da noma,  amma Ma'adinan Coal na Somkhele da wurin shakatawa na Hluhluwe-iMfolozi sune manyan ma'aikata na al'umma a halin yanzu. 

Al'ummar yankin sun nuna damuwar lafiya game da ma'adinan, ciki har da matsalolin numfashi da ke da alaƙa da ƙurar kwal; gurɓatar ruwan sha; da kuma busassun hanyoyin ruwa.  An kuma ajiye damuwar al'adu a matsayin kaburburan kakanninmu inda aka tono gawar kuma aka ƙaura zuwa wani wuri ba tare da an gano ainihin asalinta ba.  Bugu da ƙari, Ma'ajiyar Namun Daji ta Hluhluwe-iMfolozi tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a ƙoƙarin kiyaye muhalli a kusa da farin karkanda, kuma akwai fargabar cewa faɗaɗa ma'adinan Somkhele kusa da iyakarta zai ƙara tsananta farautar namun daji. 

Ntshangase wani ɓangare ne na takaddamar shari'a da ta yi adawa da faɗaɗa ma'adinan Somkhele. Tare da taimakon lauyoyi masu kare sauyin yanayi da kuma adalci ga muhalli daga cibiyar kula da dokokin muhalli mai zaman kanta ta ALL RISE, MCEJO ta ƙaddamar da ƙarar shari'a a kan Tendele Coal Mining don dakatar da ayyukanta a ma'adinan Somkhele har sai ta gyara tsarin kula da muhalli kuma ta sami izini masu dacewa don sarrafa sharar gida da kuma cire shuke-shuke masu kariya a yankin.  Babbar Kotun Pietermaritzburg ta yanke hukuncin cewa ba a buƙatar Tendele ta sami izinin muhalli don haƙƙin haƙar ma'adinai ba.  Lokacin da aka ɗaukaka ƙarar, Kotun Ƙoli ta yi watsi da ƙarar bisa ga cewa MCEJO da ALL RISE ba su fayyace takamaiman ayyukan da Tendele ta yi waɗanda ke buƙatar izinin muhalli ba. 

#### Karuwar tashin hankali
Al'ummar yankin sun rabu game da faɗaɗa ma'adinan, wanda hakan ya haifar da tashin hankali. Wasu sun yi ta fafutukar kare rayuwarsu ta karkara da muhalli, amma sauran membobin al'umma suna buƙatar aiki daga ma'adinan kuma suna goyon bayan faɗaɗawa.  Wasu mazauna Mpukukunyoni sun yi zanga-zangar nuna sha'awar ƙaura da suka shafi faɗaɗa ma'adinan Tendele, suna masu cewa ba su da isasshen shawarwari na jama'a kafin a ba kamfanin haƙƙin haƙar ma'adinai.  Mazauna kusa da ma'adinan sun fuskanci barazana da barazanar tashin hankali a watanni kafin kisan Ntshangase. An ruwaito cewa an harbi iyalan da suka ƙi ƙaura daga filayen kakanninsu. A watan Afrilun 2020, an harbi harsasai 19 a gidan wani mai fafutukar yaƙi da ma'adinan, Tholakele Mthethwa. 

Da farko Tendele ma'adinai ta yi ƙoƙarin cimma yarjejeniya da MCEJO don janye shari'o'in kotu da ake yi wa kamfanin, wanda wasu membobin MCEJO suka amince da su.  An ruwaito cewa Ntshangase ta ƙi sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya kuma ta ƙi cin hancin kamfanin. An ruwaito ta ce, "Na ƙi sanya hannu. Ba zan iya sayar da mutanena ba. Kuma idan ya zama dole, zan mutu saboda mutanena." 

## Mutuwa
Da misalin ƙarfe 6:30 na yamma a ranar 22 ga Oktoba, 2020, a cewar 'yan sandan yankin, mutane uku sun shiga gidan Ntshangase da ke Ophondweni, suka harbe ta har lahira (sau shida) a nisan mita kaɗan daga jikanta mai shekaru goma sha uku da abokansa biyu (yana da shekaru takwas da goma).  Tana da shekaru 63 kuma tana yanka albasa don cin abincin dare a lokacin. 

Mutuwar Ntshangase wani bangare ne na karuwar masu fafutukar kare muhalli da aka kashe, domin an kashe adadi mafi yawa a duniya a tsakanin 2019 da 2020, a cewar rahotannin Global Witness.   Waɗannan mace-macen suna da alaƙa da ƙalubalen masu fafutukar kare muhalli ga masana'antun man fetur, da kuma rarrabuwar kawuna a cikin al'umma game da yadda fafutukar kare muhalli za ta iya shafar rayuwarsu idan babu sauyi mai adalci . 

### Martani na ƙasashen duniya
An yi Allah wadai da mutuwar Ntshangase a matsayin kisan kai daga ƙungiyoyin kare muhalli da na agaji da dama. Misali, a ranar 27 ga Oktoba, 2020, ƙungiyar kare muhalli ta ƙasa ta aika wa hukumomin Afirka ta Kudu wasiƙa tana neman a gudanar da bincike nan take kan mutuwarta, wanda ƙungiyar kare muhalli ta duniya ta tallafawa , Friends of the Earth .  Ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ta Human Rights Watch ta rubuta irin wannan wasiƙar. 

## Manazarta