Zhou Zuoren

**Zhou Zuoren** (16 ga Janairu 1885 - 6 ga Mayu 1967) marubuci ne ɗan ƙasar Sin, wanda aka fi sani da mai rubutun makala kuma mai fassara. Shi ne ƙanin Lu Xun (Zhou Shuren, 周树人), ɗan'uwa na biyu cikin 'yan'uwa uku.

## Tarihin rayuwa
### Rayuwa ta farko
An haife shi a Shaoxing, Zhejiang, Zhou Zuoren ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Sojan Ruwa ta Jiangnan tun yana matashi kafin ya koma Japan a 1906, yana bin sawun ɗan'uwansa. A lokacin da yake Japan, ya fara karatun Tsohon Girkanci, tare da manufar fassara *Linjila* zuwa Sinanci na gargajiya, kuma ya halarci laccoci kan ilimin Sinanci ta masanin juyin juya hali Zhang Binglin a Jami'ar Rikkyo, kodayake ya kamata ya yi karatun injiniyan farar hula a can. Ya koma China a 1911, tare da matarsa ta Japan, kuma ya fara koyarwa a cibiyoyi daban-daban.

### A lokacin Yunkurin Mayu na Hudu
Rubuta rubuce-rubuce a cikin harshen Sinanci don mujallar La Jeunesse, Zhou ya kasance adadi a cikin Motsi na Hudu na Mayu da kuma Sabon Al'adu. Ya kasance mai ba da shawara game da sake fasalin wallafe-wallafen. A cikin 1918, Zhou Zuoren, a lokacin farfesa ne a fannin adabi a Jami'ar Peking, ya wallafa wata kasida mai taken "Littafin Dan Adam", yana dagewa kan fahimtar juna da tausayi tsakanin juna, kuma yana buƙatar "sanin wanzuwar iri ɗaya". A cikin labarin, ya kai farmaki musamman ga irin waɗannan batutuwa a cikin wallafe-wallafen kamar yadda yara ke sadaukar da kansu saboda iyayensu da *Matasa* da aka binne su da rai don su bi mazajen da suka mutu. A halin yanzu, Zhou ya nuna bambanci tsakanin wallafe-wallafen "dimokuradiyya" da "masu mashahuri" ta hanyar gano tsohon a matsayin wallafe-wallo da ke nazarin rayuwar ɗan adam maimakon rubuce-rubuce don mutane su karanta. Zhou ya yi Allah wadai da wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya kamar wasan kwaikwayo na Beijing. Ya kira shi "mai banƙyama," "mai ƙyama," ""mai girman kai" kuma ya kira waƙar a matsayin "sauti mai banƙyama". 

### Rayuwa ta baya
A lokacin Yaƙin Sin da Jafananci na Biyu, an ga Zhou a matsayin mai hadin gwiwa tare da mamayar Jafananci, kuma wasu Jafananci sun ɗauke shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Sinanci uku a zamanin yau waɗanda "gaskiya sun fahimta".  Japan A shekara ta 1945, gwamnatin Nationalist ta Chiang Kai-shek ta kama Zhou saboda cin amana, wanda ya samo asali ne daga zarginsa da haɗin gwiwa tare da gwamnatin Wang Jingwei a lokacin da Japan ta mamaye arewacin China. An yanke masa hukuncin shekaru 10 a kurkuku a shekarar 1947. A watan Janairun 1949, gwamnatin Nationalist a karkashin mukaddashin shugaban kasar Li Zongren ta saki Zhou Zuoren a kan beli, kuma ya koma Beijing.

Ya kira karatunsa "miscellanies" kuma ya rubuta wani rubutun da ake kira "My Miscellaneous Studies" (我的雜學). A Tokyo, Zhou ya ci gaba da sha'awar tatsuniyoyi, ilimin ɗan adam, da abin da ya kira ertongxue (兒童學; nazarin ci gaban yara).  Daga baya ya zama mai fassara, yana samar da fassarorin litattafan Helenanci na gargajiya da na Jafananci na gargajiya, gami da tarin mimes na Helenanci, kalmomin Sappho, bala'in Euripides, *[[Kojiki]]*, Shikitei Sanba's *[[Ukiyoburo]]*, Sei Shōnagon's *Makura no Sōshi* da tarin *[[Kyogen]]*. Ya yi la'akari da fassarar Lucian's Dialogues, wanda ya gama a ƙarshen rayuwarsa, a matsayin babban nasarorin da ya Safo a rubuce-rubuce. An kuma fassara shi (daga Turanci) labarin *[[Ali Baba]]* zuwa Sinanci (wanda aka sani da *Xianü Nu* São 奴). A cikin shekarun 1930 ya kasance mai ba da gudummawa na yau da kullun ga mujallar Lin Yutang mai ban dariya The Analects Fortnightly kuma ya rubuta da yawa game da al'adun kasar Sin na ban dariya, satire, parody, da ban dariya, har ma da tattara tarin Jokes daga Bitter Tea Studio (*Kucha'an xiaohua ji*).  Ya zama shugaban Jami'ar Beijing a 1939.

## Manazarta