Gudanar da Tsarin Ruwa da Ruwa na ƙasa

**Hukumar Kula da Ruwa da Ruwa ta Kasa** (NOAA / ˈnoʊ.ə/ NOH-ə/ NOH-ə) wata hukuma ce ta kimiya da ka'ida ta Amurka wacce ke da alhakin hasashen yanayi, sa ido kan yanayin teku da yanayin yanayi, tsara teku, gudanar da bincike mai zurfi, da sarrafa kamun kifi da kare lafiyar dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa da nau'ikan yanki na musamman a cikin Amurka. Hukumar wani bangare ne na Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci ta Amurka kuma tana da hedikwata a Silver Spring, Maryland. A karkashin shugabancin Donald Trump na biyu, NOAA ta fuskanci kudade mai tsanani da kuma rage ma'aikata.

## Tarihi
NOAA ta binciki tarihinta zuwa hukumomi da yawa,  wasu daga cikinsu suna cikin na farko a gwamnatin tarayya:

Amurka Coast and Geodetic Survey, wanda aka kafa a 1807

Ofishin Yanayi na Amurka, wanda aka kafa a 1870

Ofishin Kamun Kifi na Kasuwanci, an kafa shi a cikin 1871 (Rukunin bincike kawai)

Coast and Geodetic Survey Corps, wanda aka kafa a 1917

Mafi kai tsaye wanda ya gabace NOAA shine Hukumar Kula da Sabis na Kimiyyar Muhalli (ESSA), wanda a cikinsa hukumomin kimiyya da yawa da suka wanzu kamar Amurka Coast Coast and Geodetic Survey, Ofishin Yanayi, da Corps masu sanye da kayan aiki a cikin 1965.

An kafa NOAA a cikin Sashen Kasuwanci ta hanyar Tsarin Sake Tsarin No. 4, kuma an kafa shi a kan Oktoba 3, 1970, bayan Shugaban Amurka Richard Nixon ya ba da shawarar ƙirƙirar sabuwar hukuma don hidimar buƙatun ƙasa don "kyakkyawan kariyar rayuwa da dukiyoyi daga hatsarori na yanayi ... don ƙarin fahimtar yanayin yanayin gabaɗaya ... [da] don bincike da haɓakawa don amfani da albarkatun mu.

NOAA wani bangare ne na Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci maimakon Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida, saboda takaddama tsakanin Shugaba Nixon da sakataren cikin gida, Wally Hickel, game da manufofin gwamnatin Nixon na yakin Vietnam. Nixon ba ya son wasiƙar Hickel ta roƙon Nixon ya saurari masu zanga-zangar yaƙin Vietnam, kuma ya hukunta Hickel ta hanyar rashin sanya NOAA a cikin Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida.

A cikin 2007, NOAA ta yi bikin shekaru 200 na hidima a matsayinta na magaji ga Binciken Amurka na Tekun.

An kafa NOAA a hukumance a shekara ta 1970. A cikin 2021, NOAA tana da ma'aikatan farar hula 11,833. Ana ci gaba da tallafawa bincikenta da ayyukanta daga membobin sabis ɗin sanye da kayan ɗaki 321, waɗanda suka haɗa da Hukumar Hukumar ta NOAA.

Aikin 2025 ya ba da shawarar kawar da Ofishin Binciken Ruwa da Ruwa, wanda zai "rusa" sashin bincike na NOAA.

NOAA ta sami sauye-sauye da yawa a ƙarƙashin shugabancin Donald Trump na biyu. A ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, 2025, ma’aikatan NOAA daruruwa, galibi na gwaji, an sallame su bayan da ma’aikatan Sashen Kula da Ayyukan Gwamnati (DOGE) suka shiga hedkwatar NOAA. A farkon Maris, an sallami ma'aikatan NOAA 1,300 (kimanin kashi 10% na yawan ma'aikata).[20]

A watan Yuni, 2025, Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta sanar da cewa ba za ta ƙara samar da mahimman bayanan yanayi ga masana kimiyya da masu hasashen yanayi ba, gami da ma'aikatan NOAA.

## Tsarin tsari

### Cibiyar bazara ta Silver
Tun daga 1993, hedkwatar gudanarwa ta NOAA tana cikin hadaddun ofishin Cibiyar Metro na Silver Spring a cikin garin Silver Spring, Maryland. Ƙarfafan murabba'in murabba'in miliyan 1.2 (110,000 m2), an gina harabar gine-gine huɗu a cikin 1993 kuma gida ne ga ƙananan hukumomi da ofisoshi na NOAA sama da 40, gami da Sabis ɗin Yanayi na ƙasa.

### Mai gudanarwa
Shugaban ma’aikatan NOAA Laura Grimm ita ce Mukaddashin Sakatariyar Ma’aikatar Ruwa da Ruwa da kuma Mai Gudanar da NOAA tun daga ranar 31 ga Maris, 2025. Nancy Hann ta taba rike wannan mukamin tun ranar 20 ga Janairu, 2025, bayan murabus din Rick Spinrad.

Daga Fabrairu 25, 2019, zuwa Janairu 20, 2021, Neil Jacobs, Mataimakin Sakataren Harkokin Kasuwanci don Sa ido kan Muhalli da Hasashen, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai rikon kwarya na Sakatare na Kasuwanci don Tekuna da yanayi a Sashen Kasuwancin Amurka kuma a matsayin mai kula da riko na NOAA. Jacobs ya gaji Timothy Gallaudet, wanda ya gaji Benjamin Friedman. Su ukun sun yi aiki a jeri a matsayin shugabar wucin gadi ta NOAA a duk lokacin mulkin Trump na farko. A cikin Oktoba 2017, Barry Lee Myers, Shugaba na AccuWeather, an ba da shawarar ya zama mai kula da hukumar ta Gwamnatin Trump. Bayan shekaru biyu a cikin tsarin nadin, a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba, 2019, Myers ya janye sunansa daga la'akari saboda matsalolin lafiya.

## Manazarta