Tawayen Boko Haram, 2009

Rikicin **Boko Haram na 2009** rikici ne tsakanin Boko Haram, kungiyar masu kaifin kishin Islama, da jami'an tsaron Najeriya.

## Tarihi
Rikicin da ya ɓarke a jihohi da dama a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane fiye da 1,000, tare da kashe kusan 700 a birnin Maiduguri kaɗai, a cewar wani jami'in soji.   

Wani bincike da gwamnati ta gudanar ya gano cewa, yayin da aka daɗe ana takun saƙa tsakanin ƴan Boko Haram da jami’an tsaron Najeriya, abin da ya haddasa rikicin ya samo asali ne daga wata arangama da wasu gungun ƴan ƙungiyar suka yi da jami’an haraji na haɗin gwiwa da ke unguwar gadar Gamboru kwastam a yankin, birnin Maiduguri. Ƴan Boko Haram ɗin na kan hanyarsu ne domin binne ɗaya daga cikin mambobinsu a makabartar Gwange. Jami’ai, a wani mataki na musamman na daƙile tashe-tashen hankula da yawaitar miyagun laifuka a jihar Borno, sun buƙaci matasan (yan boko haram), da su bi dokar da ta tanadi fasinjojin babura na su sanya hular kwano. Sun ki yarda, kuma a arangamar da ta biyo baya, ƴan sanda sun harbe wasu da dama daga cikin mutanen. 

A cewar rahotannin farko da aka samu daga kafafen yaɗa labarai, rikicin ya fara ne a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli lokacin da ƙungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a ofishin ƴan sanda a jihar Bauchi. An yi arangama tsakanin ƴan bindiga da rundunar ‘yan sandan Najeriya a Kano, Yobe da kuma Borno jim kaɗan. Sai dai shugaban ƙasa (na lokacin) Umaru 'Yar'aduwa ya yi sabani kan wannan lamari, inda ya ce jami'an tsaron gwamnati ne suka fara kai hari.

### Kisan shugaban ƙungiyar
Sojojin Najeriya sun kewaye gidan Ustaz Mohammed Yusuf, wanda ya kafa kuma jagoran ƙungiyar Boko Haram tun 2002, a Maiduguri a ranar 28 ga watan Yuli bayan da mabiyansa suka yi wa kansu shinge. A ranar 30 ga watan Yuli ne sojoji suka kama Yusuf tare da miƙa shi hannun ƴan sanda. A takaice dai sun kashe shi a bainar jama'a a wajen hedikwatar 'yan sanda.

*Islam Online* ta nuna cewa siyasa ce ta haddasa tashin hankalin ba addini ba. An kashe mutane irin su Fasto Kirista George Orjih. 

Kafin wannan arangama, da yawa daga cikin shugabannin musulmin yankin da aƙalla jami’in soja ɗaya sun gargaɗi hukumomin Najeriya game da ƙungiyar Boko Haram. An yi “kunnen uwar shegu” da waɗannan gargaɗin.

## Bauchi, Jihar Bauchi
A ranar 26 ga watan Yuli, sama da mutane 50 ne suka mutu, wasu da dama kuma suka jikkata a Bauchi, yayin da wata gobara ta tashi a yayin da wasu ƴan ƙungiyar Boko Haram su 70 a Najeriya suka kai wa ofishin ƴan sanda hari, waɗanda ke ɗauke da gurneti da kananan makamai. An kashe sojan gwamnati daya da mayakan Boko Haram 32 bayan harin farko da aka kai. Gwamnati ta ce an kashe 'yan ta'adda 39, kuma ta tabbatar da mutuwar soja guda ɗaya. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ta fara kai harin bayan ‘yan sanda sun tsare shugabanninsu. Jami’an tsaro sun yi ramuwar gayya ta hanyar kai samame a unguwannin da ‘yan kungiyar suka jibge.

Isa Yuguda, Gwamnan Jihar Bauchi, ya yi tsokaci: “Mun riga mun fatattaki ‘yan bindigar. In ba haka ba da lamarin ya yi muni. Ina kira ga ɗaukacin al’ummar Bauchi da su kwantar da hankalinsu kuma su sani anriga da an shawo kan lamarin.”

Gwamna Yugudan ya ayyana dokar hana fita da daddare, kuma ƴan sanda sun ci gaba da Sa ido don ganin an kiyaye dokar. Kasuwanci a wuraren na cigaba da gudana a yankin.

## Maiduguri, Jihar Borno
A watan Yulin 2009, kafafen yaɗa labarai sun ruwaito cewa an gano gawarwaki 100 a gefen hedikwatar ƴan sanda a Maiduguri. Ɗaruruwan mutane ne ke barin gidajensu domin gujewa tashin hankalin. An samu labarin fasa gidan yarin, amma ba a tabbatar da faruwar hakan ba. Gawarwakin farar hula da dama birjik a titunan birnin; Waɗanda suka shaida lamarin sun ce an harbe su ne bayan an ciro su daga cikin motocinsu. Sojojin da ƴan sandan ƙasa duk sun yi sintiri da harbi kan waɗanda ake zargi. 

A ranar 28 ga watan Yuli ne aka ce sojojin sun kai farmaki a harabar shugaban ƙungiyar Mohammed Yusuf da wani masallaci da mabiyansa ke amfani da shi a Maiduguri babban birnin jihar Borno. Sojoji sun yi ruwan bama-bamai a gidan Mohammed Yusuf da ke cikin birnin bayan da mabiyan sa suka yi wa kansu shinge. An yi ta harbe-harbe a faɗin birnin. 

A ranar 30 ga watan Yuli ne jami’an tsaron Najeriya suka kashe mayakan Boko Haram 100 a wani faɗa a Maiduguri. Jami'an tsaro sun abka cikin wani masallaci da ƴan ta'adda suka mamaye, inda suka yi ta harbin bindiga a ciki. A wani labarin kuma jami’an soji da na ƴan sanda sun yi artabu da ƴan bindiga gida-gida. Da farko dai an bayyana cewa an kashe mataimakin shugaban ƙungiyar Boko Haram Abubakar Shekau, amma daga baya aka ce yana raye. An kuma kashe ƴan sandan Najeriya. Bayan da gwamnati ta ayyana neman a kawo tsaro a Maidguri, sojojin Najeriya sun fara kafa shingaye domin yin luguden wuta a sauran wuraren da yan ta'addan suka rage.

A ranar 30 ga watan Yuli ne sojoji suka kama Yusuf tare da miƙa shi ga ‘yan sanda a hedikwatar ‘yan sanda da ke Maiduguri. Jami’an ƴan sanda sun yi wa Yusuf kisan gilla a cikin harabar gidan, kuma a bainar jama’a. Da farko dai jami’an ƴan sanda sun yi iƙirarin cewa ko dai an harbe Yusuf ne a lokacin da yake ƙoƙarin tserewa ko kuma ya mutu sakamakon raunukan da ya samu a yayin artabun sa da sojoji. Rundunar ƴan sandan ta kuma kashe wasu da ake zargin ‘yan Boko Haram da suka haɗa da surukin Yusuf a wajen hedikwatar ƴan sandan.

A ranar 2 ga watan Agusta, an gano wasu mata da yara da Boko Haram suka sace a kulle a wani gida a Maiduguri. Sojojin sun ce an kashe mutane 700 a Maiduguri yayin arangamar.  Daga baya ƙungiyar agaji ta Red Cross ta ce ta kwashe gawarwaki 780 daga titunan birnin domin binne su a kaburbura.

## Potiskum, Jihar Yobe
An shafe sa'o'i da dama ana gwabza faɗa a garin Potiskum. Mayakan na Boko Haram sun kona ofishin ƴan sanda ta hanyar amfani da babura ɗauke da mai. Kuma ofishin ƴan sandan ya ƙone kurmus, a sakamakon haka, an kashe jami’in ɗan sanda da jami’in kashe gobara. Ƴan sanda sun yi artabu da mayakan tare da jikkata wasu da dama daga cikinsu. Harwayau ƴan sanda sun kama mayaka 23 bayan yaƙin. A cewar majiyoyin Najeriya, an kashe mayakan Boko Haram 43 a wani harbi da aka yi a kusa da birnin a ranar 30 ga watan Yuli.

## Wudil, Jihar Kano
An kashe mutane uku a wani hari da aka kai a Wudil, kuma jami’an ƴan sanda sun kama fiye da 33. An jikkata babban jami’in ‘yan sanda na Wudil.

## Duba kuma

* Fasa Gidan Yarin Bauchi a Jihar Bauchi

## Manazarta


## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* *Al Jazeera* (9 Fabrairu 2010), Bidiyo ya nuna 'kisa' a Najeriya
* Baldauf, Scott (29 ga Yuli, 2009), "Sojojin Najeriya sun shiga kan masu tsattsauran ra'ayin Islama", *Christian Science Monitor*
* Human Rights Watch (2012), ''Tashin hankali: Hare-haren Boko Haram da cin zarafin Jami'an Tsaro a Najeriya'', 11 Oktoba 2012
* Murtada, Ahmad (2013), ''Boko Haram: Farko, Ka'idoji da Ayyukanta a Najeriya'', Sashen Nazarin Addinin Musulunci, Jami'ar Bayero, Kano, Nigeria