Neal Amundson

**Neal Russell Amundson** (10 ga Janairu, 1916) Fabrairu 16, 2011)  injiniyan sinadarai ne na Amurka kuma masanin lissafi mai amfani . Ya kasance shugaban sashen injiniyan sinadarai a Jami'ar Minnesota na tsawon shekaru sama da 25. Daga baya, ya zama Farfesa na Cullen na Injiniyan Sinadarai da Lissafi na Biomolecular a Jami'ar Houston . An dauke Amundson a matsayin daya daga cikin fitattun masu koyar da injiniyan sinadarai da masu bincike a Amurka.  Ginin Injiniyan Sinadarai da Kimiyyar Kayan Aiki a Jami'ar Minnesota-Biranen Twin yana dauke da sunansa. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Neal Amundson kuma ya girma a Saint Paul, Minnesota, a matsayin ɗa tilo ga mai gyaran bututu da kuma matar gida wacce ta yi fama da matsalar rayuwa a Babban Mawuyacin Halin Kunci .  Tun yana ƙarami yana da shekaru 9, Neal ya zama ƙwararren ɗan wasan golf tare da kulab ɗin golf wanda mahaifinsa, Oscar Amundson, ya samar masa. Neal ya kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Sakandare ta St. Paul a shekarar 1933 kuma ya kasance na shida a cikin ajinsa na ɗalibai 658. An ba Neal digiri na farko a fannin injiniyan sinadarai a shekarar 1937 kuma shi ne na farko a cikin ajinsa na ɗalibai 52 a wannan shekarar daga Jami'ar Minnesota. An ɗauke shi aiki a matsayin injiniyan sarrafawa tare da Standard Oil na New Jersey a wata masana'anta da ke Louisiana. Daga nan ya koma Minnesota inda ya haɗu da matarsa, Shirley Dimond a shekarar 1941, kuma yana da 'ya'ya uku. Ya shiga makarantar digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Minnesota kuma ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin injiniyan sinadarai a shekarar 1941; da kuma digirin digirgir a fannin lissafi a shekarar 1945.

## Sana'a
Ya koyar a sashen lissafi har zuwa 1947 kuma ya shiga sashen injiniyan sinadarai na Jami'ar Minnesota, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaba daga 1949 zuwa 1977. A cikin shekaru 25 da ya yi yana shugaban sashen, Amundson ya taimaka wa sashen don samun babban matsayi a ƙasa a tsakanin sassan injiniyan sinadarai, wanda har yanzu yana nan. 

Amundson ya shiga Jami'ar Houston (UH) a shekarar 1977 a matsayin Farfesa Cullen kuma memba na sashen Injiniyan Sinadarai da Lissafi. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Provost na UH daga 1987 zuwa 1989. An san Amundson a duniya saboda aikinsa na farko wajen amfani da ƙirar lissafi da bincike don magance matsalolin injiniyan sinadarai. Gudummawar da ya bayar ta fasaha ta shafi fannoni na ƙirar lissafi da nazarin na'urorin sinadarai, tsarin rabuwa, na'urorin polymerization, da na'urorin gas na kwal.  Amundson yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara hanyoyin nazari da injiniyoyin sinadarai ke amfani da su a yau. 

Amundson ya rubuta kasidu sama da 200 na fasaha da kuma littattafai da dama. Ya jagoranci kwamitin Majalisar Bincike ta Ƙasa ta Amurka wanda ya rubuta rahoton "Frontiers in Chemical Engineering". Shi ne editan Amurka na *Kimiyyar Injiniyan Sinadarai* daga 1955 zuwa 1972. An zaɓi Amundson a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Injiniya ta Ƙasa a 1970  da Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa a 1992.  An zaɓe shi a matsayin Fellow na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a 1992.  Kwalejin Injiniya ta Ƙasa (NAE) ta ba wa Amundson lambar yabo mai daraja ta waɗanda suka kafa NAE a 1990. 

A shekarar 1996, Amundson shi ne wanda ya fara cin kyautar International Symposia on Chemical Reaction Engineering (ISCRE) saboda kyakkyawan aiki,  kyautar da aka sanya masa suna. An sanya wa ginin injiniyan sinadarai a Jami'ar Minnesota sunansa don girmama shi.  Ya sami kyaututtuka da yawa na ƙwararru daga Cibiyar Injiniyan Sinadarai ta Amurka (AIChE), Ƙungiyar Sinadarai ta Amurka (ACS), Taron Ƙasa da Ƙasa kan Injiniyan Sinadarai (ISCRE), da Ƙungiyar Ilimi ta Injiniya ta Amurka (ASEE).

Ya sami digirin girmamawa daga Jami'o'in Minnesota, Notre Dame, Pennsylvania, Guadalajara, da Jami'ar Northwestern.  Ya sami mafi girman girmamawa daga malamai da Jami'o'in Minnesota da Houston suka bayar. 

## Manyan wallafe-wallafe
Neal Amundson ya rubuta mujallu da dama da suka bayyana manyan ci gaba a fannin injiniyan sinadaran da kuma injiniyan sinadarai, wadanda suka hada da amma ba'a iyakance ga:

* A. Acrivos, Neal Amundson, "Aikace-aikacen lissafin lissafi ga matsalolin injiniyan sinadarai", Masana'antu & Injiniyanci Kimiyyar Kimiyya 47, 1533 (1955). 
* L. Lapidus, Neal Amundson, "Lissafin Shafawa a cikin gadaje - VI: Tasirin yaɗuwar tsayi a cikin musayar ion da ginshiƙan chromatographic", Mujallar Kimiyyar Jiki 56, 984 (1952). 
* L. Lapidus, Neal Amundson, "Tsawon sinadarin sinadarai da kuma saurin amsawa", AIChE Journal 1, 513 (1955). 
* O. Bilous, Neal Amundson, "Tsawon sinadarin reactor da kuma saurin amsawa - II: Tasirin sigogi kan saurin amsawar reactor mai bututun da babu komai", AIChE Journal 2, 117-126 (1956). 
* R. Aris, Neal Amundson, "Binciken daidaiton sinadarin sinadarai da kuma iko - I: Yiwuwar iko na gida, tare da cikakkun hanyoyin sarrafawa ko rashin aiki", Kimiyyar Injiniyan Sinadarai 7, 121 (1958). 
* K.Valentas, O. Bilous, Neal Amundson, "Binciken karyewar tsarin matakai da aka warwatse", Manufofin Sinadaran Masana'antu da Injiniya 5, 271 (1966). 
* Dan Luss, Neal Amundson, "Bambancin hanyoyin magance matsalar sinadarai masu dorewa da ke faruwa a cikin barbashi mai kara kuzari ko kuma a cikin bututun reactor tare da yaduwar axial", Kimiyyar Injiniyan Sinadarai 22, 253-266 (1967). 
* FR Newbold, Neal R. Amundson, "Tsarin ƙafewar ɗigon ruwa mai sassa da yawa", AIChE Journal 19, 22-30 (1973). 
* Hugo S. Caram, Neal R. Amundson, "Yaɗuwa da amsawa a cikin layin iyaka mara tsayawa game da ƙwayar carbon", Tushen Sinadaran Masana'antu da Injiniya 16, 171-181 (1977). 

## Gado da Tasirinsa ga Injiniyan Sinadarai
Hangen Neal shine haɗa ci gaban zamani a kimiyya tare da kyawawan hanyoyin lissafi masu amfani.  A cikin shekaru ashirin na farko a matsayinsa na shugaban sashen injiniyan sinadarai a Jami'ar Minnesota, Amundson ya ɗauki hayar masana kimiyyar sinadarai, masana lissafi, da injiniyoyin sinadarai da yawa. Ya ƙarfafa matasa malamai su bincika sabbin batutuwa a fannin injiniyan sinadarai kamar tsarin halittu kuma ya mai da hankali kan faɗaɗa fannin don haɗawa da kimiyyar kayan aiki da injiniyanci. Neal ya amince da mahimmancin fannoni masu tasowa kuma yana da burin jawo hankalin matasa malamai a cikin batutuwa kamar ilimin halittu da polymers. A cikin shekaru ashirin, ya ɗauki hayar malamai da yawa waɗanda za su zama shugabannin injiniyan sinadarai da kimiyyar kayan aiki; sannan aka haɗa waɗannan mutane daban-daban cikin wani shiri mai jituwa wanda falsafarsa ta koyar da ƙungiya da bincike tare ta yi. Neal ya shahara da faɗin cewa, "Ban taɓa ɗaukar wani aiki ba idan na yi tunanin na fi su wayo."  Amundson ya haɓaka ra'ayin koyar da darussa a cikin ƙungiyoyi, tare da koyar da malamai matasa da laccoci tare da manyan farfesoshi; gadonsa ya ci gaba a Jami'ar Minnesota.

An kira Neal Amundson "uban injiniyan sinadarai na zamani" domin ya fahimci ƙarfafawarsa ga injiniyan sinadarai tare da lissafi da kuma fannonin bincike masu tasowa. Ayyukansa sun shafi tsararraki da yawa na ɗalibai, ciki har da jagorantar ɗaliban digiri na uku 52 a tsawon aikinsa. Ya zuwa shekarar 2006, tarihin iyalin Neal Amundson ya ƙunshi mutane sama da 3,000. Aikinsa kan injiniyan amsawa, abubuwan da suka faru na sufuri, da tsarin amsawa masu rikitarwa ya kasance tushen injiniyan amsawa na zamani da injiniyan sinadarai. Kamar yadda Farfesa Andreas Acrivos da Dan Luss suka bayyana, "Ba kasafai ake samun mutum da ke da irin wannan tasiri a cikin ci gaban wani muhimmin fanni kamar yadda Neal Amundson ya yi a fannin injiniyan sinadarai ba."

## Mutuwa
Amundson ya mutu a ranar 16 ga Fabrairu, 2011, yana da shekaru 95. 

## Manazarta