Tippu Tip

**Tippu Tip**, ko **Tippu Tib** (  &#x2013; Yuni 14, 1905), ainihin suna **Hamad ibn Muḥammad ibn Jum'ah bn Rajab bn Muḥammad ibn Sa'īd al Murjabi** ( Arabic   ), ya kasance Afro-Omani hauren giwa kuma mai bawa kuma mai ciniki, mai bincike, gwamna kuma mai shuka . Ya yi aiki ga wasu sarakunan Zanzibar kuma shi ne Sarkin Uterera, jihar da ba ta daɗe ba a Kasongo, Maniema ya yi mulkin kansa da ɗansa Sefu .

Tippu Tip an yi ciniki da bayi don gonakin kaka na Zanzibar . A matsayin wani ɓangare na babban ciniki mai riba, ya jagoranci balaguron kasuwanci da yawa zuwa Afirka ta Tsakiya, ya gina wuraren kasuwanci masu riba a cikin yankin Kongo Basin kuma ya zama sanannen bawa da hauren giwa a Afirka, yana wadatar da yawancin duniya da hauren hauren giwa daga 'yan Afirka da aka bautar.

## Rayuwar farko

Dangane da bayanin shekarunsa a wurare daban-daban a rayuwarsa, an yi imanin cewa an haifi Tippu Tip a shekara ta 1832 a Zanzibar.  Mahaifiyar Tippu Tip, Bint Habib bin Bushir, Balaraben Muscat ce ta masu mulki. Mahaifinsa da kakan mahaifinsa Larabawa ne na bakin teku na gabar tekun Swahili waɗanda suka shiga balaguron fataucin bayi zuwa cikin gida. Kakansa na mahaifinsa, matar Rajab bin Mohammed bin Said el Murgebi, diyar Juma bin Mohammed el Nebhani, dan gidan Muscat ( Oman ) mai daraja, kuma mace Bantu daga mazauni na Mbuamaji, kudancin abin da zai zama babban birnin Jamus na Dar es Salaam a gundumar Kigamboni a yau. 

A tsawon rayuwarsa Hamad bin Muhammad bin Juma bin Rajab el Murjebi an fi saninsa da *Tippu Tib*, wanda ke fassara zuwa "masu tara dukiya".  A cewarsa, an yi masa lakabin Tippu Tip bayan sautin "tiptip" da bindigoginsa suka yi a lokacin balaguro a yankin Chungu. 

Tun yana ƙarami, Tippu Tip ya jagoranci gungun maza kusan 100 zuwa Afirka ta Tsakiya suna neman bayi da hauren giwa.  Bayan ya wawure filaye da dama, sai ya koma Zanzibar domin ya hada dukiyarsa da daukar mayaƙansa. Bayan haka ya koma babban yankin Afirka. 

## Sana'a
Tippu Tukwici ya gina daular cinikin bayi, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin musulmi na biyu mafi arziƙi mai fataucin bayi a tarihi, ta hanyar amfani da kuɗin da aka samu don kafa gonakin ƙwaya a Zanzibar . Abdul Sheriff ya ruwaito cewa, lokacin da ya bar shekaru goma sha biyu na "gina daular" a kan kasa, bai da wani shuka nasa. A shekara ta 1895, ya sami "shambas" bakwai da 10,000.&nbsp;bayi" 

Ya sadu da taimaka wa masu bincike na yammacin Afirka da dama, ciki har da David Livingstone da Henry Morton Stanley .   Tsakanin 1884 da 1887, ya yi iƙirarin gabashin Kongo don kansa da kuma Sarkin Zanzibar, Bargash bin Said el Busaidi . Duk da matsayinsa na mai kare muradun Zanzibar a Kongo, ya ci gaba da kyautata alaka da Turawa. A cikin watan Agustan 1886, fada ya barke tsakanin Swahili da wakilan Sarki Leopold na biyu na Belgium a Stanley Falls, al-Murjabī ya tafi wurin karamin jakadan Belgium a Zanzibar domin ya tabbatar masa da "kyakkyawar niyyarsa". Duk da cewa har yanzu yana da karfi a siyasar Afirka ta Tsakiya, amma ya ga a shekara ta 1886 cewa mulki yana canzawa a yankin.

### Gwamnan gundumar Stanley Falls

A farkon 1887, Stanley ya isa Zanzibar kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa Tippu Tip ya zama gwamna na gundumar Stanley Falls a cikin Jihar Free Kongo . Dukansu Leopold da Sultan Barghash bin Said na Zanzibar sun yarda kuma a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 1887, Tippu Tip ya karɓa.  A lokaci guda kuma, ya amince wa mutum balaguron da Stanley ya ba da umarnin shirya domin ceto Emin Pasha (E. Schnitzer), gwamnan Jamus na Equatoria (wani yanki na Ottoman Masar, a yau a Sudan ta Kudu ) wanda ya makale a yankin Bahr el Ghazal sakamakon tawayen Mahdi a Sudan.
Tippu Tukwici ya koma Ƙasar Kongo a cikin kamfanin Stanley, amma wannan lokacin ta hanyar Tekun Atlantika da kogin Kongo . Baya ga shakkun amfaninsa, balaguron agajin ya gamu da cikas saboda kusan halakar da masu tsaronsa suka yi.

### Kongo – Yaƙin Larabawa
Bayan ya zama gwamna, yakin Kongo da Larabawa ya barke. Bangarorin biyu sun gwabza da sojojin da suka kunshi galibin sojojin Afirka na cikin gida da ke yaki karkashin jagorancin shugabannin kasashen Larabawa ko na Turai.

Lokacin da Tippu Tukwici ya bar Kongo, ikon King Leopold's Free State yana da rauni sosai a sassan Gabashin ƙasar kuma ikon yana tare da manyan Larabci ko Swahili na gida. Daga cikin waɗannan akwai ɗan Tippu Tip Sefu bin Hamid da wani ɗan kasuwa da aka sani da Rumaliza a yankin kusa da tafkin Tanganyika .

A shekara ta 1892, Sefu bin Hamed ya kai hari kan masu sana'ar hauren giwa na Belgium, wadanda ake ganin barazana ce ga kasuwancin Larabawa da Swahili. Gwamnatin Jihar Free ta tura dakaru karkashin kwamanda Francis Dhanis zuwa Gabas. Dhanis ya samu nasara da wuri lokacin da shugaban Ngongo Lutete ya canza salo daga Sefu zuwa nasa. Sojojin Belgium da suka fi dacewa da makamai da tsari sun yi galaba a kan abokan hamayyarsu a fada da dama har zuwa mutuwar Sefu a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 1893, daga karshe kuma suka tilasta wa Rumaliza gudu zuwa yankin Jamus a 1895.

### Mutuwa

Bayan komawa Zanzibar a kusa da 1890/1891, Tippu Tip ya yi ritaya. Ya tashi ya rubuta labarin rayuwarsa, wanda shine misali na farko na nau'in wallafe-wallafen tarihin kansa a cikin harshen Bantu Swahili . Heinrich Brode [de], wanda ya san shi a Zanzibar, ya rubuta rubutun zuwa rubutun Roman kuma ya fassara shi zuwa Jamusanci. Daga baya aka fassara shi zuwa Turanci kuma aka buga shi a Biritaniya a cikin 1907.

Tippu Tip ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Yuni, 1905, sakamakon zazzabin cizon sauro (a cewar Brode) a gidansa da ke Dutsen Dutse, babban gari a tsibirin Zanzibar.

## Magana