Wilma Victor

**Wilma Louise Victor** (5 ga Nuwamba, 1919 - 15 ga Nuwamba, 1987) malamar Choctaw ce kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin 'yan asalin Amurka. Ta yi aiki a mukamai daban-daban na koyarwa kafin ta fara hidimar tarayya a shekarun 1970.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Wilma Victor, ƙwararriyar 'yar Choctaw a Idabel, Oklahoma, a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba, 1919. Wata kawarta tana aiki a Ofishin Harkokin Indiya na Tarayya (BIA) kuma ta shirya mata tallafin karatu don ta halarci Jami'ar Kansas na tsawon shekaru biyu. Daraktan ilimi na BIA, Willard Beatty, ya ƙarfafa ta ta shiga aikin koyarwa kuma ya taimaka mata ta sami tallafin karatu a Kwalejin Malaman Jihar Milwaukee,  inda ta sami digirin farko na Kimiyya. 

Victor ta fara aikinta a matsayin malamar koyon aiki a Makarantar Koyon Aikin Haihuwa ta Shiprock da ke Shiprock, New Mexico .  

Victor ta shiga aikin soja a shekarar 1943 kuma ta yi aiki a rundunar sojojin mata a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. Ta yi aiki a matsayin laftana ta farko har zuwa 1946. Ta koyar a makarantar sakandare ta Idabel na tsawon shekaru biyu. Bayan haka ta sami aikin koyarwa a makarantar Intermountain Indian School, wata makarantar kwana da ba a yi rajista a kanta ba a Brigham City, Utah .  

Victor ta koyar a Intermountain na tsawon shekaru 13 kuma ta kafa Cibiyar Fasaha ta Indiyawan Amurka tare. An nada ta a matsayin Shugabar Cibiyar a shekarar 1962.  Ta jagoranci ci gaban manhajar makarantar, wacce ta mayar da hankali kan al'adun fasaha na 'yan asalin ƙasar .  An ɗaukaka ta zuwa babban jami'in makarantar Intermountain Indian School a ranar 7 ga Afrilu, 1964.  

Ta yi aiki a Makarantar Intermountain Indian School daga 1940 zuwa 1960 da kuma daga 1964 zuwa 1970.

Daga 1961 zuwa 1964, Victor shine shugaban makarantar Santa Fe ta Amurka ta fannin zane-zanen Indiya.

Victor tana ɗaya daga cikin mata shida da suka zaɓi kyautar mata ta tarayya a shekarar 1967. An karrama ta saboda "kyakkyawan ikonta na ƙirƙira da kuma shugabanci wajen gudanar da wani shiri na musamman mai sarkakiya ga matasan Indiya marasa galihu". Victor kuma memba ce a Majalisar Yara Masu Ban Mamaki, Taron Jihar Utah kan Jin Daɗin Jama'a, da kuma Kwamitin Gwamnan Utah kan Harkokin Indiya. [1] Ta sami kyautar Nasarar Indiya a shekarar 1970. Jihar Utah ta kuma naɗa Victor ɗaya daga cikin "mata bakwai na shekarun 70." [2] A taron bita na farko na Ƙasa na Indiya kan Harkokin Indiya, ta kasance babbar mai jawabi. [2]

A shekarar 1971, an naɗa Victor mataimaki na musamman ga Sakataren Harkokin Cikin Gida Rogers Morton . A lokacin, ita ce mace mafi girman matsayi a cikin gwamnati ta 'yan asalin Amurka.  Ta ba da shawara ga sakatariyar kan harkokin Indiya.  A wannan shekarar, ƙungiyar American Indian Movement da shugaban Navajo Peter MacDonald sun zargi Victor da "yunƙurin dakatar da duk wani gyare-gyare a cikin BIA wanda aka yi niyya don bai wa 'yan asalin ƙasar ƙarin ikon cin gashin kansu." Steve Nickeson, marubuci a Majalisar Matasan Indiya ta Ƙasa, ya bayyana ta a matsayin "mamba mai ra'ayin mazan jiya kuma mai tasiri a siyasance a cikin Haskell Mafia." 

Victor ta bar aikinta a DOI a shekarar 1975, kuma ta mutu a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 1987, a Idabel. 

## Manazarta