Rabi'a ta Basra

**Rābi'a al-Adawiyya al-Qaysiyya** (    ) (714/717/718 — 801 CE)  balarabiya musulmi waliyya cekuma a sufanci .  Ana san ta a wasu sassan duniya da sunan Hazrat Rabi'a Basri, Rabi'a Al Basri ko kuma kawai Rabi'a Basri. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An ce an haifi Rābiʻa a tsakanin shekara ta ɗari bakwai da sha huɗu 714 zuwa shekarata ɗari bakwai da sha takwas 718 Miladiyya (95 da 98 Hijiriyya ) a garin Basra   Iraki, ta ƙabilar Qays .  Farid ud-Din Attar, waliyi Sufi  kuma mawaƙi na daga baya, ya ba da labarin yawancin rayuwarta.

Ita ce 'ta huɗu a dangin ta kuma ana kiranta Rābi'a, ma'ana "na huɗu".

A cewar Fariduddin Attar, wanda lissafinsa ya fi tatsuniyoyi fiye da labarin wata Rābi’a mai tarihi:  lokacin da aka haifi Rābi’a, iyayenta sun kasance matalauta, har babu mai a gidan da za a kunna fitila, kuma ba tufa da za a nade ta. Mahaifiyarta ta roki mijinta ya karɓo mai daga makwabcinsa, amma ya ƙudurta a rayuwarsa ba zai taɓa neman wani abu a wurin kowa ba sai Allah. Ya yi kamar zai je kofar makwabcin ya koma gida babu komai. Da dare Muhammad ya kuma bayyana gare shi a mafarki, ya ce masa.“Yar ku sabuwar haihuwa abin so ne a wurin Ubangiji, kuma za ta jagoranci Musulmai da yawa zuwa ga hanya madaidaiciya. Ku kusanci Sarkin Basra ku gabatar masa da wata takarda da za a rubuta a cikinta cewa: ‘Kuna yi wa Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama Durudu sau ɗari kowane dare, sau ɗari huɗu duk daren Alhamis. Amma tunda kun kasa kiyaye dokar a ranar Alhamis ɗin da ta gabata, a matsayin hukunci dole ne ku biya dinari ɗari huɗu’”.Amma bayan rasuwar mahaifinta, yunwa ta kama Basra. Ta rabu da yayanta. Rabi'a ta shiga jeji don yin addu'a kuma ta zama 'yar Gujewa daga saɓo 
'

, tana rayuwa ta ware. Ana yawan ambaton ta a matsayin sarauniyar mata tsarkaka,  kuma an santa da cikakkiyar sadaukarwarta a matsayin " ƙaunar Allah mai tsafta mara ƙa'ida." A matsayinta na abin koyi a tsakanin sauran masu sadaukarwa ga Allah, ta samar da abin koyi na soyayya tsakanin Allah da halittunsa; Misalinta shine wanda mai son ibada a bayan kasa ya zama daya da Masoyinsa. 

Ta yi addu'a:“Ya Ubangiji, idan na bauta maka saboda tsoron Jahannama. to, ka ƙone ni a cikin Jahannama;

 Idan na bauta Maka saboda ina son Aljanna. to ka hane ni daga Aljannah;

 Amma idan na bauta maka don kanka kaɗai. To, kada ka hana ni kyawonka na har abada.” Rabi'a ta rasu tana da shekaru 80  a Basra a shekara ta 185 bayan hijira/801 miladiyya, inda aka nuna kabarinta.  a wajen birni.  Duk da haka, babban marubucin tarihin rayuwar Rabi'a na zamani, Rika Elaroui Cornell, ya ce kwanan watan haihuwar Rabi'a da mutuwarsa "sun zo daga wani lokaci mai tsawo kuma ba a san ainihin tushen waɗannan kwanakin ba." 

## Falsafa
Sau da yawa ana ganin cewa ita ce mace ɗaya da ta fi shahara kuma ta yi tasiri a tarihin Musulunci, Rābi'a ta shahara da tsantsar kyawawan halaye da tsoron Allah. Wata ‘yar tsautsayi, da aka tambaye ta dalilin da ya sa ta yi sujjada dubu dare da rana, sai ta ce:“Ba ni nufin lada a kansa, ina yin haka ne domin Manzon Allah tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata a gare shi ya yi farin ciki da ita a ranar kiyama kuma ya ce wa annabawa, ‘Ku lura da abin da mace ta samu. al'ummata ta cika." Ta kasance mai tsananin kiyayya da sadaukarwa ga Allah. Ba ta taba da'awar cewa ta samu hadin kai da shi ba; maimakon haka ta sadaukar da rayuwarta don neman kusanci ga Allah.  A matsayin bayani na ƙin ɗaga kanta zuwa sama [ga Allah] a matsayin tawali’u, ta kasance tana cewa: “Da a ce duniya ta mallaki mutum ɗaya ne, da ba za ta sa ya arzuta ba . . . [B] saboda yana shuɗewa." 

Ita ce wacce ta fara gabatar da koyarwar Soyayyar Ubangiji da aka fi sani da   kuma ana daukarta a matsayin mafi mahimmancin masu kin jinin farko, yanayin ibada guda daya wanda a karshe za a yi masa lakabi da Sufanci . 

## Waka da Tatsuniyoyi
Yawancin waqoqin da ake jingina mata ba a san asalinsu ba. Babu wata shaida a cikin tarihin tarihi cewa Rabi'a ya tava saduwa da Hasan al-Basri ; amma wannan tatsuniya, wacce ta fara bayyana a cikin *Tadhkirat al-Awliya* ' ta Fariduddin Attar, ta zama ruwan dare gama gari a wannan zamani:  Bayan rayuwar kunci, sai ta samu yanayin fahimtar kanta . Allah ne ya zabe ta don yin mu'ujizar Ubangiji. Da Shaikh Hasan al-Basri ya tambaye ta yadda ta gano sirrin sai ta mayar da martani da cewa:"Kin san yadda za a yi, amma na san ta yaya." Daya daga cikin tatsuniyoyi da dama da suka dabaibaye rayuwarta shi ne ta ‘yanta daga bauta domin ubangijinta ya ga tana addu’a alhalin haske ya kewaye ta, ya gane cewa ita waliyya ce kuma tana tsoron ransa idan ya ci gaba da rike ta a matsayin baiwa. 

Babban marubucin tarihin rayuwar Rābi'a na zamani, Rika Elaroui Cornell, ya gano manyan rukunoni huɗu na tatsuniyoyi, Rābi'a the Teacher, Rābi'a the Ascetic, Rābi'a the Lover, and Rabi'a the Sufi. 

### Rabi'a the Ascetic

Rabi'a al-'Adawiyya sau da yawa ana tatsuniya a matsayin *ascetic mai mahimmanci*, inda "mai girman kai ya kai ga Ba Duniya ba ta hanyar kin Duniya ba amma ta hanyar ɗaukar ta a matsayin mara mahimmanci. Muhimmiyar shashanci yana nisantar Duniya ba don ta kasance munana ba sai don shagala ce daga Allah.” 

## Ka'idar mata bisa rayuwar Rabi'a al-Adawiyya
Bangarorin Sufanci da dama sun nuna cewa akidu da ayyukan Sufaye sun tsaya a matsayin masu adawa da al'umma masu rinjaye da fahimtarta game da mata da alaka tsakanin maza da mata. Labarun da suka yi bayani dalla-dalla kan rayuwa da ayyukan Rabi’a al-Adawiyya sun nuna rashin fahimtar al’adu kan rawar da jinsi ke takawa a cikin al’umma. Matsayinta na fifikon ruhi da hankali yana nuna a cikin ruwayoyi da yawa. A wata ruwayar Sufaye, shugaban Sufaye Hasan al-Basri ya bayyana cewa, “Na yi kwana daya da rabi tare da Rabi’a gabaki daya... ba ta taba ratsawa a raina cewa ni namiji ba ne, ballantana ya same ta cewa ita mace ce. ...da na kalle ta sai na ga kaina a matsayin mai fatara (watau ba abin da ba ta da amfani a ruhi) ita kuma Rabi'a mai gaskiya ce (mawadatar kyawawan dabi'u)."  Duk da haka, ta yanke shawarar zama marar aure don ta bar matsayinta na mace kuma ta sadaukar da kanta ga Allah. 

Watarana sai aka hangi ta a guje ta ratsa titunan garin Basra dauke da tukunyar wuta a hannu daya da bokitin ruwa. Da aka tambaye ta me take yi sai ta ce, “Ina so in kashe wutar jahannama, in kona ladan aljanna . Suna toshe hanyar zuwa ga Allah. Ba na son in yi bauta don tsoron azaba ko kuma alkawarin samun lada, sai dai don son Allah kawai.” 

## A cikin shahararrun al'adu
Dilras Banu Begum (1622 - 1657) ita ce mace ta farko kuma babbar uwargidan sarki Aurangzeb, sarkin Mughal na shida . An ba ta lakabin *Rabia-ud-Daurani* ("Rabia of the Age") a matsayin girmamawa.  

Rayuwar Rabi'a ta kasance batun fina-finai da dama na fina-finan Turkiyya . Daya daga cikin wadannan fina-finan, *Rabia*, wanda aka saki a shekarar 1973, Osman F. Seden ne ya bada umarni, kuma Fatma Girik ta taka rawar gani a fim din Rabia. 

*Rabia, İlk Kadın Evliya* (Rabia, The First Woman Saint), wani fim na Turkiyya akan Rabia, wanda kuma aka saki a 1973 Süreyya Duru ne ya ba da umarni kuma Hülya Koçyiğit ta taka rawa. 

Maganar Rabia ta zama waƙa a Indonesiya, mai suna "Jika Surga dan Neraka tak pernah ada" wanda Ahmad Dhani da Chrisye suka rera a cikin Album ɗin Senyawa 2004.

Kashi na karshe na shirin wasan barkwanci, Wuri Mai Kyau, yana nufin mawaƙin Sufaye na karni na 8, Hazrat Bibi Rabia Basri, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan jarumai da suka shiga sama. 

## Zurfafa karatu

* Kayaalp, Pinar, "Rabi'a al-'Adawiyya", a cikin *Muhammadu a cikin Tarihi, Tunani, da Al'adu: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God* (2 vols.), edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol. II, pp.&nbsp;511–12; 
* Mohammad, Shababulqadri *Tazkirah e Hazrat Rabia Basri,* Mushtaq Book Corner, 2008
* Rkia Elaroui Cornell, *Rabi'a Daga Labari Zuwa Tatsuniya Fuskokin Shahararriyar Matar Islama, Rabi'a al-Adawiyya* (Duniya Daya: London, 2019)

## Duba kuma

* Zawiyat al-Adawiya, Jerusalem - kabari da aka girmama a matsayin Rabia
* Jerin Sufaye

## Nassoshi


## External links

* Sufimaster.org - An Ajiye Koyarwar  Archived  
* Koyarwar Sufaye-Rubutun-Rabia-al-Basri