Phakamile Mabija

**Phakamile Mabija** ɗan Afirka ne mai yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata wanda ya mutu yayin da yake tsare a hannun 'yan sanda a shekarar 1977. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Phakamile Mabija ya zauna a Vergenoeg, a Arewacin Cape. A matsayinsa na memba na ƙungiyar NOMAD na Cocin Anglican, ya kasance wakili a cikin Shirin Jagorancin Matasa na Ƙasa, wanda shine horo na watanni uku da rabi wanda Cocin Anglican ya fara a farkon shekara ta 1977.  Ya kuma kasance yana da alaka da ANC a siyasance.   Rundunar ‘yan sandan Afirka ta Kudu ta tsare shi a ranar 27 ga watan Yunin shekarar 1977 bisa zarginsa da hannu a wani lamarin da wasu matafiya ‘yan Afirka da masu launin launi suka jefi motocin jama’a a lokacin da suka ƙaurace wa motar bas a Galeshewe, Kimberley, a Afirka ta Kudu. Mabija ya kamata ya bayyana a gaban kotu a ranar 8 ga watan Yuli 1977 a ƙarƙashin tuhume-tuhumen da ake yi a ƙarƙashin Dokar Tattalin Arziki na Riotous, 1956. Mabija ya rasu ne a gidan yari a ranar 7 ga watan Yulin 1977, kwana guda gabanin sauraron karar da aka shirya yi a kotu. Ya fado ne daga hawa na 6 na ofishin ƴan sanda na Titin Transvaal a Kimberley.  Mutuwar Mabija a lokacin da ake tsare da ita ya yi kama da na Ahmed Timol (wanda ya faɗo daga hawa na 10 na babban ofishin 'yan sanda na birnin Johannesburg a shekarar 1971) da Matthews Mabelane (wanda ya faɗo daga bene na 10 na ginin a ranar 15 ga watan Fabrairu, 1977).

## Bayan haka
Dean na Kimberley, a matsayin Vicar Janar, ya karɓi labarin a cikin rashi na Bishop Graham Charles Chadwick (Mabija ya kasance ma'aikacin cikakken lokaci na matasa a cikin Anglican Parish na St James, Galeshewe.  Bayan dawowar sa, Chadwick ya ɗauki zanga-zangar adawa da mutuwar Mabija (musamman bayan binciken ya tabbatar da cewa ya zama.   An dasa fararen gicciye na katako a kan lawn da ke wajen Kimberley's St Cyprian's Cathedral a kowace rana da ake ci gaba da tsare mutane, ana buga kararrawa na coci don nuna rashin amincewa.

## Bincike
Kukan jama'a ya kai ga binciken mutuwar Phakamile Mabija, wanda Amnesty International ta gudanar tsakanin watan Agusta da watan Satumba 1977. Farfesa JA Oliver ya tantance, JH Booysen, wanda shi ne alkali ya yanke hukunci. An gano cewa Mabija ya samu raunika da kansa yana tsalle daga tagar hawa na 6. Don haka, babu wanda aka zarga da alhakin mutuwarsa.  A lokacin da rundunar ‘yan sandan tsaro ta Kimberley ta bayar da shaida a wajen binciken, Kanar JD du Plessis ya yi zargin cewa jami’in da ke bakin aiki a lokacin mutuwar Mabija ya buɗe wata tagar da za ta ba da iska mai kyau ta shaka a ɗakin, amma sukan rufe tagogin. Sajan Oscar Ntsiko ya tabbatar da asusu na Kanar, inda ya bayyana cewa ya raka Phakamile Mabija zuwa banɗaki, bayan da suka dawo, sai ya fasa ya koma ofishin jami’in Van der Merwe, inda ya tsallake ta tagar buɗaɗɗiyar. Rundunar ‘yan sandan Arewacin Cape na da wani kasida da ake zargin ANC ne da su, wanda ke karfafa wa fursunonin kwarin gwiwar kashe kansu a matsayin wani aikin ta’addanci ga jihar.  Sakamakon Likitan  Lardi Dr. TC Robertson daga binciken da aka yi masa ya gano karayar kokon kai a matsayin sanadin mutuwar Mabija. Dokta BA Mahler, masanin ilimin cututtuka mai zaman kansa da aka kawo don binciken, ya gano cuts a fuskar Mabija; hanta da hannaye. Ya ci gaba da cewa raunin da aka yi wa hantar Mabija na iya kasancewa sakamakon harin da aka kai musu.

## TRC
A lokacin da take ba da shaidar TRC, mahaifiyar Phakamile Mabija, Shirley Mabija ta tuna lokacin da ta ga ɗanta na ƙarshe. An tsare shi tsawon mako biyu kafin rasuwarsa. A ranar 7 ga watan Yulin 1977 Sajan Ntsiko da Du Plessis sun kawo Phakamile Mabija gida domin gano takardun da 'yan sanda ke son ya samar da su. Bayan wata ‘yar gajeriyar mu’amala da mahaifiyarsa Shirley, ‘yan sanda sun mayar da Mabija gidan yari. Ya rasu bayan maraice.

## Sunayen tituna don tunawa da Phakamile Mabija
A shekara ta 2009 an ɗauki matakin sauya sunan ofishin 'yan sanda na Titin Transvaal a tunawa da Mabija, lokacin da farko Transvaal Road, Jones Street da Sidney Street, sannan kawai titin Transvaal, a Kimberley kuma za a san shi da titin Phakamile Mabija. An canza sunan hanyar Transvaal Road da Jones Street a Kimberley, a matsayin **titin Phakamile Mabija**, ta hanyar bikin da aka gudanar a ranar Heritage Day 24 watan Satumba 2011, biyo bayan lacca na tunawa da maraicen baya.    A baya birnin ya sanya wa wani titi don Mabija, wato **titin Phakamile Mabija**, daga titin Albert Luthuli, kusa da John Daka, yammacin Ma'adinan Kopje na Otto.  A bikin canza sunan titin Transvaal Road, a shekarar 2011, an gabatar da wata takarda a ofishin ‘yan sanda na Transvaal Road inda ake kira da a canza mata suna “Cibiyar Phakamile”. 

An kuma yi bikin tunawa da Mabija a cikin Ma'aikatar Hanyoyi da Ayyukan Jama'a na Arewacin Cape, **Shirin Fasaha na Mabija na Phakamile**. Ta wannan aikin na shekarar 2010-11 an sanya ɗalibai 35 a kamfanonin membobin COEGA a Gabashin Cape don samun ƙwarewar aiki da samun damar yin karatu.  Wani aikin zane-zane na gama-gari a Galeshewe, Kimberley, wanda Rochester Mafafu ya jagoranta, ya tuna da abubuwan da suka faru game da mutuwar Mabija. Wannan wani ɓangare an fentin shi a cikin shekarar 2013 (a lokacin gyaran ginin ƙaramar hukuma) amma daga baya masu fasaha suka dawo da shi

## Duba kuma

* Steve Biko
* Hukumar Sasantawa da Gaskiya (Afirka ta Kudu)

## Manazarta