Barney Simon

**Barney Simon** (13 Afrilu 1932 - 30 Yuni 1995)  marubuci ne na Afirka ta Kudu, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo kuma darektan. An haife shi a Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu, kuma ya shafe mafi yawan rayuwarsa a can. Birnin Johannesburg da mazaunanta, waɗanda aka tsara ta bambancin launin fata da jinsi da kuma siyasar Afirka ta Kudu, sun ba da ainihin wahayi ga rubuce-rubucensa da aikin jagoranta.

## Rayuwa ta farko da koyo
An haife shi a ranar 13 ga Afrilu 1932 a Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu,  ɗan ma'aikatan Lithuanian Yahudawa baƙi, Simon ya gano ƙaunar wasan kwaikwayo yayin da yake aiki a bayan fage ga mai ba da labari na Yahudawa na Afirka ta Kudu Taubie Kushlick (1910-1991) a Johannesburg lokacin da yake makarantar sakandare.  An rinjaye shi musamman a lokacin zamansa daga 1953 zuwa 1955 ta hanyar hanyoyin Joan Littlewood a East End na Landan a cikin shekarun 1950, wanda kamfanin Theatre Workshop, wanda Howard Goorney ya kafa, ya jawo ba kawai a kan matani ba har ma da kwarewar membobin kamfanin don ƙirƙirar Gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai dacewa da zamantakewa. Da ya dawo Johannesburg, ya tallafa wa kansa a matsayin marubucin talla yayin samarwa da kuma jagorantar wasan kwaikwayo, gami da Athol Fugard's The Blood Knot (1961). Ya kuma wallafa gajerun labaru a cikin mujallu masu adawa da wariyar launin fata kamar The Classic, wanda Nat Nakasa ya shirya kuma daga baya Simon da kansa daga 1964 zuwa 1971. Simon ya shafe shekara guda (1969-70) a Birnin New York, inda ya gabatar da wasannin Afirka ta Kudu ga masu sauraro na Amurka kuma ya lura da wasan kwaikwayon Afirka-Amurka da mambobin Black Arts suka yi, kuma ya shirya mujallar wallafe-wallafen New American Review . 

## Gina kamfanin
Komawa a Afirka ta Kudu a farkon shekarun 1970s, Simon ya yi amfani da sha'awarsa biyu a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo da gwagwarmayar zamantakewa don yin aiki a ilimin kiwon lafiya na karkara, ƙirƙirar al'amuran don taka rawa don taimakawa ma'aikatan jinya baƙar fata su fahimci marasa lafiya. a Johannesburg, ya shirya wasannin launin fata da yawa a duk inda zai iya, a cikin ɗakunan ajiya da ƙauyuka, ɗakunan ajiyoyi da yadudduka na baya, amma a cikin 1974, Simon da abokin aikinsa Mannie Manim, wanda ke aiki ga Majalisar Ayyukan Ayyuka ta Transvaal (PACT), wanda ke tallafawa gwamnati, sun kafa Kamfanin kuma sun sami damar shiga filin wasan kwaikwayo na gwaji na PACT, wanda ke cikin tsohuwar ginin makaranta, inda suka sanya gyare-gyaren wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya na Afirka ta Kudu, kamar Georg Büchner's *Woyzeck* da Sophoclesone.

## Barney Simon da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasuwa
A shekara ta 1976, Simon da Manim sun kafa Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Kasuwanci, cibiyar al'adu ta farko ta Johannesburg,  wanda ya zana a wani bangare akan samfurin Space, gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai kabilanci na farko da ya fito a lokacin wariyar launin fata bayan yakin,  kuma a wani bangere daga kwarewar Simon na hada kai da masu zane-zane a cikin gyare-gyaren gida na gargajiya na Turai, kamar *Phiri* (1972). Da goyon baya da yawa daga masu sassaucin ra'ayi, galibi Yahudawa, waɗanda suka ba da kuɗin gyaran ginin tarihi, wanda ya kasance Kasuwar 'ya'yan itace ta Indiya tun daga shekarun 1890, Simon da Manim sun sami damar ƙin dokar wariyar launin fata wanda ya ba da izini ga wurare daban-daban ga baƙar fata da fari, da kuma samar da sarari mai aminci ga masu zane-zane na baƙar fata waɗanda suka fi fuskantar barazanar kamawa don shirya wasan kwaikwayo na wariyar launin fatara.

Iimon ya kasance darektan zane-zane na gidan wasan kwaikwayo tun daga budewa har sai da ya mutu a shekarar 1995. Yayinda ya ba da umarnin sauye-sauyen Afirka ta Kudu na gwaji na Turai kuma sau da yawa wasan kwaikwayo mai mahimmanci na zamantakewa, daga Peter Weiss's Marat-Sade, wanda ya buɗe babban gidan a 1976, zuwa sauye-shiryen Bertolt Brecht da yawa, an fi saninsa da wasan kwaikwayo na hadin gwiwa don hadin gwiwa, yana mai da hankali kan bambancin rayuwar baƙar fata da fararen membobin kamfanin.  Wadannan sun hada da wasan kwaikwayo masu rikitarwa don mayar da martani ga tashin hankali na siyasa, kamar Black Dog (1984), game da Soweto Uprisings na 1976, da Born in the RSA (1985), game da zalunci a lokacin Jihar Gaggawa a 1985, amma kuma wasu magunguna masu rikitar da rikice-rikicen zamantakewa, kamar binciken gwagwarmayar mata na Afirka ta Kudu a cikin wasan Call Me Woman (1979), wanda aka haɓaka bayan Kasuwar ba ta iya samun haƙƙin samar da wasan Ntozake Shange na 'yan mata masu launin fata waɗanda suka yi la'akari da suka kashe kansu ba. Simon na karshe samar da The Suit (Market Theatre 1993), an daidaita shi daga wani ɗan gajeren labari na wannan sunan ta Can Themba, amma ya fitar da haruffa ta hanyar zanawa akan tattaunawar Turanci da Afirka ta Kudu da aka haɓaka ta asali. Simon ya yi aiki tare da Peter Brook na Paris da abokin aikinsa Jean-Claude Carrière a kan fassarar Faransanci, wanda aka shirya a Bouffes du Nord a 1994.

## Rayuwar wallafe-wallafen da wallafe-finai
Simon ya kasance mai aiki a cikin wallafe-wallafen Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin edita daga 1964 zuwa 1971 na The Classic, jaridar adawa da wariyar launin fata ta Afirka ta Kudu da Nat Nakasa ya kafa a 1963. Simon ya shirya wani labari na tarihin kansa na Dugmore Boetie, Familiarity is the Kingdom of the Lost (London: Barrie &amp;amp; Jenkins, 1969), wanda Simon ya rubuta bayan kalma. Tarin labaran kansa, *[[Joburg Sis!]]*, an buga shi a shekara ta 1974.  An daidaita su don mataki, waɗannan labarun ko, daidai, maganganun da aka rubuta tare da wasu 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a zuciya, Kamfanin ne ya fara shirya su a Arena Stage a 1974 kuma daga baya ya farfado a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Kasuwanci. Ayyukan asali na labarin taken "Joburg, Sis!" yana da ban sha'awa ga ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Marius Weyers na nuna tausayi na ɗan luwaɗi a Hillbrow, a lokacin wani gundumar ɗaki mai zaman kansa a tsakiyar Johannesburg,  wanda ya ba da aminci a lokacin da aka aikata laifuka a Afirka ta Kudu.  Shekaru goma bayan haka, Outers (1985) da kuma.*Ka ba ni shekaru*, wanda aka buga a cikin Born in the RSA and Other Plays, ya kuma nuna haruffa LGBTQ +.

Simon ya yi aiki tare da Percy Mtwa da Mbongeni Ngema a wasan kwaikwayo na 1981 *Woza Albert!*,  wani wasan kwaikwayo na mutum biyu wanda ke amfani da ziyarar Yesu Kristi don yin ba'a da bangaren wauta na rayuwar wariyar launin fata. Da farko an yi shi a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Kasuwanci, Methuen ne ya buga *Woza Albert* a London a 1983 kuma ana ci gaba da bugawa da kuma a kan matakan Afirka ta Kudu da kuma karatun makaranta tun daga lokacin.

Kodayake ba da damuwa da fim ba, Simon ya ba da umarnin daidaitawa da *Woza Albert* a Riverside Studios a London a 1983 kuma, ga BBC, fim din labarin "City Lovers" na Nadine Gordimer, wanda ya raba tare da Simon sha'awar rayuwarsu tare da garinsu Johannesburg.

## Mutuwa
Simon ya mutu a Johannesburg, yana da shekaru 63, a ranar 30 ga Yuni 1995, bayan ya kamu da ciwon zuciya mako guda da ya gabata, yayin da yake asibiti saboda karamin korafi.

## Littattafai

### Wasannin da aka zaɓa

* *Phiri* (1972) 
* Hey Listen (1973) 
* *Mutane* (1973) 
* *Mutane ma* (1974) 
* *Tarihi* (1975) 
* *Cincinnati* (1977) 
* Cold Stone Jug (1980) 
* *[https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php/Call_Me_Woman Ka kira Ni Mace]* (1979) 
* *Marico Moonshine da Manpower* (1981) 
* *Woza Albert!* (1981)
* ''Black Dog-Inj'emnyama'' (1984) 
* *[https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php/Born_in_the_RSA An haife shi a cikin RSA]* (1985) 
* *Na waje* (1985) 
* *Klaaglied vir Kous* (1986) 
* *Inyanga - game da Mata a Afirka* (1989) 
* Eden da Sauran Wuraren (1989) 
* *[https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php/Score_Me_the_Ages Ka ba ni lambar yabo ta Shekaru]* (1989) 
* *Starbrites* (1990) 
* Yin Waƙar The Times (1992) 
* Fim mai shiru (1993) 
* *Zaki da Ɗan Rago (1993) *
* Kayan https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php/The_Suit (1993) 

## Tushen

* A Singing in Every Moment and Inch of Me: Wasikun Barney Simon zuwa Lionel Abraham (2009), Labaran Labarai Bakwai. 
* The World In An Orange: Yin gidan wasan kwaikwayo tare da Barney Simon (2006), wanda Leila Henriques da Irene Stephanou suka shirya, Seven Stories Press.  ISBN&nbsp;
* Woza Afrika! - Anthology of South African Plays (1986), George Braziller . ISBN&nbsp;
* An haife shi a cikin RSA da Sauran Ayyuka (1997) ta Barney Simon da masu jefa kuri'a. [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] Pat Schwartz Wits University Press.  ISBN&nbsp;
* Mafi kyawun Kamfanin: Labarin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasuwar Johannesburg (1988) na Pat Schwartz . AD Donker.  ISBN &nbsp;
* *Joburg, Sis!*  (1974), Bateleur.  ISBN&nbsp;

## Manazarta