Afro-Honduran

**Afro-Honduras** (Spanish: Afrohondureños), kuma aka sani da Black Honduras (Spanish: Hondureños negros), su ne Honduras waɗanda suka fi rinjaye ko kuma gaba ɗaya zuriyar nahiyar Afirka ta kudu da hamadar Sahara. Binciken da Henry Louis Gates ya yi ya yi la'akari da yawan jama'ar su kusan 1-2%  Duk da haka mafi ingantattun hanyoyin bincike daga masana da jami'o'i masu zaman kansu suna da'awar sun bambanta daga 20-30% na yawan jama'ar ƙasashe saboda yawancin Black Honduras ko Afro-zuriyar, Mulattos, Afro-Indigenous da mutanen da ke da mahimmancin zuriyar Afirka da ke bayyana a matsayin Mestizo da kuma cin zarafi tsakanin al'umma. sun fito ne daga: bayin Afirka waɗanda Mutanen Espanya da Birtaniyya suka saya musamman mutanen Miskito, da waɗanda aka kawo daga Indiya ta Yamma kuma aka bayyana su a matsayin mutanen Creole, da Garifuna. Mutanen Creole sun fito ne daga Jamaica da sauran tsibiran Caribbean, mutanen Miskito sun samo asali ne a gabashin rabin Honduras da arewa maso gabashin Nicaragua da kuma daga yammacin Afirka da Afirka ta tsakiya da aka kawo su a matsayin bayi ga tsohon mulkin mallaka na bakin tekun Miskito wanda Birtaniya ke sarrafawa daga tsakiyar 1500s har zuwa ƙarshen 1700s. Yayin da mutanen Garifuna suka fito daga Saint Vincent da Grenadines. Garifunas ya isa a ƙarshen ɗari goma sha bakwai kuma mutanen Creole sun zo a cikin 1800s zuwa ƙarshen 1900s. Kimanin 'yan kasar Honduras 600,000 'yan asalin Garífuna ne wadanda ke hade da Afirka da 'yan asali kamar na Afro Latin Amurka. Honduras tana daya daga cikin manyan al'ummomin Afirka a Amurka ta tsakiya. A yau akwai adadi mai yawa na mutane a cikin sashen Olancho (cibiyar hakar zinare da kiwo) wanda za a yi la'akari da shi baki ta ma'aunin Amurka. Ba su gane haka ba amma a matsayin mestizo (Bueso a Centeno 1997, Lang 1951). 

## Tarihi
An kawo 'yan Afirka na farko da suka isa Honduras a farkon 1540 don maye gurbin yawan raguwar yawan bayi 'yan asalin da ke aiki a cikin ma'adinai na ciki (Leiva Vivas 1987).

Ɗaya daga cikin bayin Afirka na farko da suka isa Honduras, Juan Bardales, ya halarci yaƙin da Mutanen Espanya suka yi wa lardin, musamman a Trujillo. Jim kadan bayan haka, an ba Berdales 'yancinsa. A Honduras, bayi sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a masana'antar hakar ma'adinai. Yawancinsu sun fito ne daga Afirka, daga wurare kamar Angola ko Senegambia, yayin da wasu suka fito daga Caribbean. A cikin 1542, bayi 165 sun zo ta Portugal da 150 daga Santo Domingo. A Honduras, an shigo da bayin Mandinka kangkurao na Kogin Gambia a Senegambia.

A tsakiyar karni na goma sha shida, yawancin baƙar fata da aka bautar da su sun yi aiki a cikin wanka na zinariya na Olancho (an kiyasta kimanin 20,000 a tsakiyar 1500s) ; Wataƙila waɗannan bayin sun fito ne daga Afirka. A Honduras, 'yan Afirka 300 sun isa Olancho da Rio Guayape a 1590; an aika su zuwa yankunan biyu don hakar ma'adinai. Ma'aikatan 'yan Angola sun yi aiki a ma'adinai da kasuwanci a San Miguel. Kodayake yawancin mulattoes da launin ruwan kasa kuma sun yi aiki a Tegucigalpa a rana guda. Tsakanin 1750 da 1779, babban rukuni na bayi na Afirka, Carabali da Mondongos (kabilar Kongo), an kai su Honduras don gina sansanin soja na San Fernando de Omoa, mafi mahimmanci a yankin.

A cikin 1796, kusan 300 "bakar fata na Faransa" daga mulkin mallaka na Faransa na Saint Domingue sun zo Trujillo, a cikin mahallin rikicin da ya haifar da 'yancin kai na Haiti. A cikin 1797, Birtaniya sun fitar da tsakanin 2,000 zuwa 4,000 Black Caribs - cakuda Indiyawan Indiyawa da Baƙar fata na Afirka - zuwa tsibirin o Roatán a Honduras, saboda sun yi musu tawaye a tsibirin St. Vincent. Bayan haka, waɗannan Garifuna, waɗanda ake kira kansu, sun yi ƙaura zuwa Trujillo, daga nan kuma suka warwatse a bakin tekun dukan ƙasar Amurka ta Tsakiya har zuwa Costa Rica (ba tare da isa ga wannan wuri ba), musamman saboda tsanantawar da hukumomin Spain suka yi musu. Wasu daga cikinsu sun shiga yakin basasa na lokacin.

A ƙarshen karni na goma sha takwas bayanai sun ba da labarin gagarumin kashi na baƙar fata da mulattoes a Tegucigalpa. Amma a ƙarshen lokacin mulkin mallaka, bayi sun kasance galibin mulatto. Tsakanin ƙarshen karni na sha takwas zuwa tsakiyar sha tara, ’yan Birtaniyya sun gabatar da bayi baƙi daga Jamaica, tsibirin Cayman da Belize a Honduras.

## Manazarta