Taron Zaman Lafiyan na Wunlit

**Taron zaman lafiya na wunlit**
An gudanar da taron sulhu da sulhu na Dinka – Nuer West Bank na 1999 a yankin Kudancin Sudan. Ana kiransa da "Taron Zaman Lafiya na Wunlit" bayan Wunlit, ƙauyen da aka gudanar da shi a gabashin gundumar Tonj a Bahr El Ghazal. Taron ya hada Nuer daga Western Upper Nile da Dinka daga Tonj, Rumbek, da Yirol. Wannan dai shi ne mafi shaharar da aka rubuta na shirin zaman lafiya tsakanin jama'a a cikin jamhuriyar Sudan ta Kudu a yanzu.

## Tushen Rikici
Tushen korafe-korafen da suka kai ga taron na Wunlit sun kasance masu sarkakiya da kuma bangarori da dama. Sun dogara ne akan cudanya tsakanin rikice-rikice na gida, yanki, ƙasa da ƙasa. Bambance-bambancen siyasa da gwagwarmayar mulki a Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A) karkashin jagorancin John Garang, wadda ke yaki da gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya a Khartoum tun a shekarar 1983, ya rikide zuwa baraka ta SPLM/A a shekarar 1991. Wannan rarrabuwar kawuna ce. ya haifar da rikicin kabilanci a yankuna da dama na Kudancin kasar. A wannan shekara ne aka gudanar da taron zaman lafiya da sulhu na Wunlit da NSCC ta shirya wanda ya tattaro mahukuntan al'adun Nuer na Western Upper Nile da Dinka na Bahr-el-Ghazal. A cikin wannan shekarar ne 'yan tawayen kudancin kasar suka yi rashin babban mai goyon bayan Habasha na kasashen waje bayan kifar da gwamnatin Haile Mengistu, yayin da masu mulkin Islama a Arewacin Sudan suka samu gagarumin taimakon soja daga Iran. Bayan haka, fada tsakanin SPLM/A na Garang da na SPLM/A-Nasir a karkashin Riek Machar da Lam Akol, wadanda suka koma Khartoum, ya haifar da mummunan lokacin yaki a Kudancin Sudan.

## Shirye-shiryen Taro
Majalisar majami'u ta New Sudan (NSCC) ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafawa, tsarawa, gudanarwa da gudanar da taron zaman lafiya na Wunlit. NSCC ta kuma ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci daga ƙungiyoyin fararen hula na kudancin Sudan don yin shawarwari tsakanin bangarorin da ke gaba da juna daga al'ummomin yankin. A cewar John Ashworth, tsohon mai ba da shawara ga NSCC kuma tsohon mai wa’azin Katolika a Kudancin Sudan, an ƙaddamar da shirin zaman lafiya na Wunlit a 1997. Tun da majami’u sun gaza yin sulhu tsakanin Garang da Machar, sun mai da hankali kan farawa daga matakin ƙasa. har ma da shirya tarurrukan share fage a Kenya, inda NSCC ta kasance a lokacin. “Don haka a shekarar 1998, mun tara gungun sarakunan Dinka da Nuer daga gabar Yamma da Kogin Nilu. Mun kawo su Lokichogio, wanda ya kasance wuri mai aminci, kuma wannan muhimmin taro ne wanda ya tsara yanayin sauran tsarin jama'a. Suka yarda, ‘Ba za mu iya ci gaba da kashe juna ba; za mu gama da juna.”. Daga nan ne hukumar NSCC ta kafa kwamitoci daban-daban da ke da alhakin fafutuka, tara kudade, da gudanar da taron zaman lafiya na Wunlit. Shugabanninta sun yi nasarar tattara ƙungiyoyin Ikklisiya na duniya kamar Majalisar Ikklisiya ta Duniya (WCC) da taron Cocin Afirka duka (AACC) don shiga cikin shirin zaman lafiya, musamman ta hanyar ba da tallafin kuɗi da ɗabi'a.
Dangane da batun dabaru, NSCC ta sanya shugabannin kwamitoci da masu bayar da rahoto don samar da easels, alluna, alamomi da tags don tantancewa da bambanta mahalarta taron. A Wunlit da kanta - wacce ke da dabara a yankin kan iyaka na rikicin tsakanin al'umma, amma ya kasance ɗan ƙaramin sulhu a baya ba tare da mahimman abubuwan more rayuwa ba - NSCC ta shirya tallafin kayan aiki don ba da tabbacin gudanar da taron. Ya taimaka wa maziyartan da jama’ar da suka karbi bakuncinsu da kayyakin da suka kunshi barguna, gidajen sauro, da sauran kayayyaki na jama’a, da hakar rijiyoyin ruwa da sarrafa iskar da ake bukata ta iska da ta kasa, ciki har da gina tashar jirgin sama. A cikin waɗannan ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce, wasu ƴan wasan waje ma sun ba da gudummawa sosai. Gwamnatocin Norway da Amurka, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta UNDP, da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kasa da kasa kamar World Vision, Christian AID da PACT sun ba da ƙarin tallafin kuɗi. Haka kuma, an dauki wasu daga cikin masu shiga tsakani a matsayin manyan masu shiga tsakani wadanda suka gudanar da hirarraki daban-daban da bangarorin biyu da ke fada da juna don gano tushen dacin da korafe-korafe daga bangarorin biyu. Sun kuma yi aiki a matsayin masu gudanar da taron domin tabbatar da cewa taron ya kasance a kan turba mai kyau, don haka sai su rika yin addu’o’i a wasu lokuta don kwantar da hankulan taron. Ko kadan, ’yan wasan waje sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yin rikodi, rubutawa da kuma buga cikakken shirye-shiryen taron, waɗanda tun daga lokacin aka samar da su a kan layi a matsayin buɗaɗɗen tushe, don darussan da aka koya.

## Taron taro
Bayan wasu shekaru biyu na shirye-shiryen, taron na gaskiya ya gudana daga ranar 27 ga Fabrairu har zuwa 8 ga Maris, 1999. Shugabannin coci, sarakunan gargajiya, masu kula da mashi, da dattawa, amma har da matasa da musamman mata, wadanda suka hada da wajen. Kashi 30 na masu halarta. Daga bangaren da ba na farar hula ba, ya hada da kwamishinoni, da ‘yan tsageran kabilanci, da kuma wakilai daga kungiyar SPLM/A ta Garang da kuma Machar na Sudan ta Kudu Defence Force (SSDF). Bugu da kari, masu sa ido na waje da dama, da jami'an bayar da agaji, da 'yan jaridu na kasa da kasa sun halarta. Masu shirya cocin sun yi nasarar hada mutane daga kananan hukumomi shida kowacce na Bahr el Ghazal da Western Upper Nile, wadanda ke kan iyaka da juna. Kowanne daga cikin kananan hukumomin goma sha biyu na da damar zabar wakilai talatin, wato wakilai 360. Sai dai kuma sakamakon harin da kungiyar hadin kan Sudan ta Kudu da ke samun goyon bayan Khartoum (SSUM/A) karkashin jagorancin Paulino Matip ta kai wasu kananan hukumomin ba su kai gaci ba. Mutane 12 ne kawai daga Twic suka isa kan lokaci, yayin da babu wani daga Abyei da ya sami damar halartar taron. Don haka, wakilai 132 ne kawai daga Bahr el Ghazal da 145 daga Western Upper Nile. Duk da haka, waɗannan lambobin har yanzu sun cika adadin 75%, wanda ya sa taron ya cancanci ci gaba. (Dinka - Nuer West Bank Conference Peace & Reconciliation Conference. P. 7) Gabaɗaya, adadin mutanen da suka halarci taron ya kai fiye da 1,000, yayin da wakilai suka haɗa da masu ba da shawara da masu tallafawa.

## Kima na Tarihi
Taron samar da zaman lafiya na Wunlit ya kawo tsagaita wuta a tsakanin al'ummar Dinka da Nuer na Yammacin Kogin Jordan. An kawo karshen satar shanu da sace mata da kananan yara da kashe-kashe bayan taron. Dakarun sojan Dinka da na Nuer da kuma fararen hula dauke da makamai sun dakatar da tashin hankalin da ake yi wa juna. Dangane da ayyana afuwar ta Wunlit, duk wasu laifukan da suka gabata an yafe su ba tare da wani sharadi ba. Dinka da Nuer sun fara tafiya cikin walwala a cikin yankunan juna tare da dabbobinsu don raba filayen kiwo, ruwa, filin kamun kifi da sauran albarkatun kasa.1 Yarjejeniyar kan iyakokin gida da tsarin Wunlit na da mutunta bangarorin biyu. An karfafa wa mutanen da aka kora daga yankunansu na asali kwarin guiwa da su koma garuruwansu da kuma sake gina amana da makwabta. A cikin watan Satumba na shekarar 1999, mutane 148 da aka sace aka sake haduwa da iyalansu, sannan aka mayar da shanu 141 ga masu su.
An ba da ra'ayin taron zaman lafiya na Wunlit zuwa yawancin rikice-rikice a Kudancin Sudan, wanda aka fi sani da Gabas ta Tsakiya a Wat da Lilir a 1999 da 2000 bi da bi. Haka kuma a shekara ta 2000, an sake gudanar da irin wannan taro a birnin Kisumu na kasar Kenya. Ta samu wakilai mata daga tarurrukan da suka gabata da kuma sarakuna da shugabannin al'umma da dattawa da matasa a wani yunkuri na tabbatar da zaman lafiya a Kudancin Sudan. Bugu da kari, mata sun zama kusan kashi uku na mahalarta taron kuma muryoyinsu sune mabuɗin taron, wanda ke da nufin yin sulhu tsakanin Garang da Machar. A cewar mashawarcin NSCC Ashworth, taron Wunlit da tsare-tsaren zaman lafiya da suka biyo baya sun taimaka matuka wajen sulhuntawa tsakanin manyan abokan hamayyar biyu da kuma sake hadewar SPLM/A a 2002. Duk da haka, akwai kuma ra'ayi mai mahimmanci game da taron na Wunlit, alal misali, rashin haɗin kai sabanin ka'idar jama'a da kuma gaskiyar cewa NSCC ta ba da himma na fahimtar addini. Har ila yau, NSCC da wasu kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu wasu suna kallon su a matsayin rufe ga SPLM/A da kuma goyon bayan Yammacin Kogin Jordan. Karin suka sun yi nuni da rashin tsarin tilastawa don dorewar yarjejeniyoyin tare da kokawa game da rashin daidaiton damar yin amfani da sabis da kuma fahimtar haƙƙoƙin siyasa. Daya daga cikin fitattun malaman tarihin Kudancin Sudan, Douglas Johnson, ya kammala da cewa, “Ya zuwa yanzu taron Wunlit na Fabrairu – Maris 1999 ya yi nasara, bai kai ga taron da kansa ba a matsayin watannin shirye-shiryen da aka yi. shi.” 

## Gaado
Al'ummomi a cikin Wunlit Triangle, yankin da ke kan iyaka na abin da ya zama Tafkuna, Warrap da Unity, sun zauna lafiya har zuwa yakin basasar Sudan ta Kudu a cikin Disamba 2013. Yakin basasa mai bangarori da yawa tsakanin sojojin gwamnatin sabuwar 'yantacciyar kasar Sudan ta Kudu. sannan dakarun adawa sun sake haifar da rashin yarda da rarrabuwar kabilanci, musamman tsakanin mutanen da ke da alaka da kabilar Nuer da Dinka. Saboda haka, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da dama - wato Saferworld, Women Development Group (WDG), Women Initiative for Development Organisation (WIDO), Hope Restoration and Voice for Change - sun sami kwarin gwiwa daga taron tarihi na Wunlit, tare da shirya taron zaman lafiya, wanda ya kasance. wanda aka gudanar tsakanin 28 ga Fabrairu zuwa 4 ga Maris 2023 a Rumbek, babban birnin Jihar Tafkunan. Ya tattaro sarakuna, masu gudanar da gwamnati, da wakilan jama'a, mata da shugabannin matasa, da kuma taimako da abokan ci gaba.

## Manazarta