open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ƙarin motsa jiki guda ɗaya

**Taɓawa ɗaya mai haɓaka da motsin hannu**, wanda kuma aka sani da "sarrafa hannu biyu", "taɓawa hannu ta hannu", da kuma sau da yawa "taɓawa biyu", yana bayyana ikon allon taɓawa don yin rijistar wasu motsin yatsa biyu, duk da rashin kayan aikin da zai ba shi damar yin cikakken rikodin duk motsin yatsa biyu.  Wani amfani da aka saba amfani da shi na fasahar **taɓawa ɗaya mai haɓaka da motsin hannu** shine alamar taɓawa ta hanyar matsawa zuwa zuƙowa, wanda ke ba mai amfani damar zuƙowa ko fita ta hanyar motsa yatsunsu biyu gaba ɗaya ko kusa da juna yayin taɓa allon.

## Bayanan fasaha
Wani muhimmin dalili na fasaha da ya sa aka takaita taɓawa ɗaya da aka inganta ta hanyar nuna alama maimakon barin taɓawa biyu ko taɓawa da yawa shine nau'in kayan aikin firikwensin da ke cikin nunin. Yawancin fasahar taɓawa suna samun ma'auni biyu masu zaman kansu a kowane taɓawa don samun matsayi mai girma biyu. Duk da haka, idan aka ba da taɓawa guda biyu daban-daban, wannan yana dawo da ma'auni guda biyu, wanda za a iya haɗa su ta hanyoyi biyu, yana haifar da sakamako mara tabbas. Don haka, ba zai yiwu a tantance matsayin taɓawa biyu daban-daban ba. Duk da haka, matsakaicin matsayi za a iya kimanta shi, da kuma nisan da ke tsakanin taɓawa, wanda ya isa ga wasu aikace-aikacen motsin hannu. 

## Duba kuma
* Taɓawa da yawa

## Nassoshi
 

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
* Littafin da aka yi cikakken bayani game da Nassoshi ga Alamu, Allon taɓawa, da Kwamfutar Alƙalami daga Jean Renard Ward
Rabon da Gwamnati tayi

**Kayayyakin gwamnati na** farar hula ne, waɗanda sakamakon binciken soja ko na gwamnati ne. Wani misali mai kyau na wani nau'in kadarori na gwamnati shine fasahar da aka tallata ta hanyar tallafin NASA, bincike, lasisi, kayan aiki, ko taimako. Hukumar ta tallata fasahar kadarori na NASA a cikin wallafe-wallafenta *na Spinoff* tun 1976.

Intanet misali ne na musamman na juyin juya hali na gwamnati wanda ya samo asali daga tallafin DARPA .  

A wasu fannoni, kamar kayan aikin kwamfuta, ci gaban kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ya zarce binciken gwamnati da na soja, kuma gwamnati tana siyan kayayyakin kasuwanci daga waje don aikace-aikace da yawa. 

## Nassoshi
Abdul Karim (masanin kimiyya na ƙasa)

**Abdul Karim** ( 1922 - 22 ga Disamba, 1973) masanin kimiyya ne na ƙasar Bangladesh wanda aka buga ko'ina.

## Ilimi da aiki
Abdul Karim ya wuce jarrabawar karatun a 1939 daga makarantar sakandare ta Homna da jarrabawar Takardar shaidar Makarantar Sakandare a 1942 daga Kwalejin Dhaka. Ya sami digiri na BS da MS a cikin ilmin sunadarai daga Jami'ar Dhaka a 1945 da 1946 bi da bi. Ya koyar a wannan fagen a wannan jami'a. Wani hadin gwiwar UNESCO ya ba shi damar samun digiri na biyu a kimiyyar ƙasa a Jami'ar Adelaidein 1951. Ya koma sabon sashen kimiyyar ƙasa na Jami'ar Dhaka, ya zama shugaban sashen a 1963.

Shi ne shugaban farko na Sashen Kimiyya na Aikin Gona a Jami'ar Aikin Gida ta Bangladesh . Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Dean na Faculty of Agriculture .

Abdul Karim ya yi aiki a fannonin fasahar iskar gas, sabbin hanyoyin samar da mai mai, da sabbin dabarun samar da gilashi.

## Kyaututtuka

* Medal na zinare na shugaban kasa (bayan mutuwarsa) a 1980 

## Manazarta
Gidan Tarihi na Lawrence

Gidan Tarihi na Lawrence gidan tarihi ne da ke Lawrence, New South Wales. Yana cikin tsohon Gidan Watsa Labarai na 2NR kuma ƙungiyar Lawrence Historical Society ce ke kula da shi.[1][2][3] Gidan Tarihi yana ɗauke da kayan tarihi da suka shafi tarihin sadarwa da watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo a Ostiraliya. Hakanan yana ɗauke da hotuna da kayan tarihi da suka shafi jirgin ruwa na Lawrence.[3]

## Tarihi
A ranar 12 ga Yuni 2004, an buɗe Gidan Tarihi a hukumance, ta hannun editan labarai na yankin ABC Radio Allan Rawson.

## Manazarta
Christine Adamson

**Christine Elizabeth Adamson** alƙali ce ta Australiya. Ta kasance Alkalin Kotun Koli ta New South Wales tun watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2011. 

Ta yi karatu a Makarantar Anglican ta Walford don 'yan mata da Jami'ar Adelaide, inda ta kammala karatu a 1986 tare da girmamawa a fannin shari'a, kuma ta lashe lambar yabo ta Stow da Bennett don bambancin ilimi. A cikin wannan shekarar, an shigar da ita cikin kotun a matsayin lauya kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin jami'in shari'a ga Sashen Babban Lauyan Commonwealth na tsawon shekaru biyu. Daga watan Maris na shekara ta 1988, ta yi aiki a Ofishin Lauyan Gwamnatin Australiya. Kafin nan, a cikin 1987, ta koyar da dokar mallakar a Jami'ar Kasa ta Australia . Bayan haka, a 1989, ta koyar da Dokar Tsarin Mulki a Jami'ar Sydney.

A watan Fabrairun 1989, yana da shekaru 26, an shigar da Adamson a New South Wales Bar. Ayyukanta a matsayin lauya sun haɗa da ayyukan kasuwanci, dokar gudanarwa, dokar tsarin mulki, sakaci na sana'a, raunin mutum da batutuwan horo, kuma kodayake da farko tana bayyana sau da yawa a Kotun daukaka kara ta gudanarwa da Kotun hukunce-hukuncen gudanarwa ta New South Wales, daga baya ta haɓaka muhimmiyar aikin Kotun Koli. 

Ta sami matsayin Babban lauya a shekara ta 2003, kuma an nada ta shugabar Majalisar Rahoton Shari'a ta New South Wales a shekara ta 2004. Ta wakilci jami'an mai inshora da ya gaza a gaban Hukumar Inshora ta HIH kuma ta kasance lauya da ke taimakawa Hukumar Mai Zaman Kanta da Cin Hanci da Rashawa a cikin binciken da suka yi wa 'yan majalisa Karyn Paluzzano da Angela D'Amore.

An nada ta a Kotun Koli ta hanyar Babban Lauyan Greg Smith daga watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2011.  A cikin 2017, ta jagoranci shari'ar tsohon ministan jihar Ian Macdonald da jami'in kungiyar John Maitland, inda ta yanke wa McDonald hukuncin aƙalla shekaru bakwai a kurkuku kuma Maitland aƙalla shekara huɗu a kurkuku. Kotun daukaka kara ta soke hukuncin a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 2019 wanda ya yanke hukuncin cewa Adamson bai ba da umarnin juriya yadda ya kamata ba.

Adamson 'yar tsohuwar 'yar majalisar dokokin jihar Kudancin Australia ce Jennifer Cashmore . 'Yar'uwarta, Frances Adamson, ita ce jakadan mata na farko na Ostiraliya a kasar Sin kuma, a watan Oktoba 2021, ta zama Gwamna na 36 na Kudancin Ostiraliya.

## Manazarta
Albert Antwi-Boasiako

**Dr Albert Antwi-Boasiako** ƙwararre ne a fannin tsaron yanar gizo na ƙasar Ghana, marubuci, kuma tsohon Darakta Janar na Hukumar Tsaron Yanar Gizo (CSA) ta Jamhuriyar Ghana.   

## Ilimi
Antwi-Boasiako ya kammala karatunsa na farko a Jami'ar Trento da ke Italiya. Ya ci gaba da samun digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar Portsmouth da ke Burtaniya . Daga baya ya kammala digirinsa na uku a Jami'ar Pretoria da ke Afirka ta Kudu, inda ya gabatar da Tsarin Haɗaka don Ƙimar Shaidar Dijital (HM-DEAA), don daidaita ilimin kimiyyar dijital. 

## Sana'a
Antwi-Boasiako ya kafa Ofishin Laifuka na e-Crime a Ghana a shekarar 2011, wanda shine dakin gwaje-gwajen tsaro na intanet da na dijital na farko a Yammacin Afirka.  Ya karɓi matsayin Mai Ba da Shawara kan Tsaron Intanet na Ƙasa kuma Shugaban Cibiyar Tsaron Intanet ta Ƙasa a wancan lokacin (NCSC) a shekarar 2017.  A shekarar 2021, Shugaba Nana Akufo-Addo ya naɗa Antwi-Boasiako a matsayin Darakta Janar na farko na Hukumar Tsaron Intanet (CSA). 

Wa'adin aikinsa ya tabbatar da zartar da Dokar Tsaron Yanar Gizo ta 2020 (Dokar 1038),   wadda ta samar da tsarin dokoki don ba da lasisi da amincewa ga masu samar da sabis na yanar gizo da ƙwararru.

Ghana ta zama ƙasa ta biyu a duniya da ta aiwatar da irin waɗannan matakan, bayan Singapore.   

## Littattafai
Antwi-Boasiako ita ce marubucin littafin *The Ten Commandments for Sustainable National Cybersecurity Development – Africa in Context: Practical Lessons and Good Practices*, wanda ke da nufin nuna muhimman abubuwa guda uku da suka wajaba don ci gaban tsaron yanar gizo mai dorewa a nahiyar, tare da yin nuni ga ayyukan tsaron yanar gizo na Ghana daga 2016 zuwa 2024, da kuma mafi kyawun ayyuka daga wasu ƙasashe.  

## Lambobin yabo da karramawa

# A cikin 2025, ya sami lambar yabo ta Trailblazer daga ISACA (Information Systems Audit and Control Association) Ghana, kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta Kwarewar Kwarewar Tsaro ta Afirka 
# A baya ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Ba da Shawara Mai Zaman Kanta na Taron Intanet na Duniya don Yaki da Ta'addanci (GIFCT)   da Ofishin Kwamitin Yarjejeniyar Cybercrime (T-CY) na Majalisar Turai.
# Antwi-Boasiako a halin yanzu tana wakiltar Ghana a Kwamitin Fasaha na Yankin ECOWAS (RTC) a kan Tsaro na Intanet kuma tana aiki a matsayin Shugaban Cibiyar Tsaro ta Afirka (ANCA).    A Ghana, yana jagorantar Kwamitin Tsaro na Cyber (JCC),  wani bangare na hukumomi da ke da alhakin daidaita shirye-shiryen tsaro na cyber na kasar.

## Manazarta
Frances Adamson

**Frances Jennifer Adamson** AC (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga Afrilu 1961) ma'aikaciyar gwamnati ce ta Australiya kuma jami'ar diflomasiyya wacce ita ce Gwamna ta 36 ta Kudancin Australia, a ofis tun daga 7 ga Oktoba 2021. Ta taba aiki a matsayin Jakadan Australiya a kasar Sin daga 2011 zuwa 2015 kuma a matsayin sakatariyar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje da Ciniki daga 2016 zuwa 2021.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Adamson a Adelaide, Kudancin Ostiraliya, 'yar tsohuwar 'yar siyasa Jennifer Cashmore da kuma shahararren dan kasuwa na Adelaide Ian Adamson, kuma 'yar mai ba da rahoto Stewart Cockburn.  'Yar'uwarta, Christine Adamson alƙali ce ta Kotun Koli ta New South Wales.

Adamson ta yi karatu a Makarantar Anglican ta Walford don 'yan mata da Jami'ar Adelaide, inda ta sami digiri na farko na tattalin arziki. A shekara ta 1984 ita ce mace ta farko da ta kasance kyaftin din Kungiyar Jirgin Ruwa ta Jami'ar Adelaide . 

## Ayyuka

### Ayyukan diflomasiyya
Adamson ya shiga aikin gwamnati na Australia a shekarar 1985. Ta kasance masanin tattalin arziki a Hong Kong and Macau">Babban Ofishin Jakadancin Australiya a Hong Kong daga 1987 zuwa 1991, kafin ta koma Landan inda ta yi aiki a Babban Kwamitin Australiya zuwa Ingila a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan siyasa na tsawon shekaru biyar. Ta koma Ostiraliya don aiki a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje a Canberra daga 1998 har zuwa 2000, sannan ta koma Taipei inda ta kasance Wakilin Ofishin Kasuwanci da Masana'antu na Ostiraliya na tsawon shekaru biyar. Ta koma London a matsayin Mataimakin Babban Kwamishina a Ƙasar Ingila daga 2005 har zuwa 2008. 

### Shugaban sashen ACT na Cibiyar Gudanar da Jama'a
Adamson ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar sashen ACT na Cibiyar Gudanar da Gwamnati ta Australia (IPAA) daga 2017 zuwa 2019 kuma ta bayyana ra'ayinta game da hidimar jama'a a jawabinta na ƙarshe a matsayin shugaban kasa. An sanya ta Fellow na kasa na IPAA a shekarar 2019.

A ranar Laraba 26 ga Satumba 2018, IPAA ACT ta dauki bakuncin jawabin Sakatare na Kathryn Campbell, Sakatareyar Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a, tsohon Sakatare wa Ma'aikatu na Jama'a. Adamson ne ya jagoranci taron, sannan Sakataren DFAT da Shugaban IPAA ACT. , A cikin maganganun kujerar ta rufe, Adamson ta taya Campbell murna kuma ta yaba da aikinta a matsayin Sakatariyar ciki har da Robodebt. An gudanar da taron IPAA bayan kammala binciken mai kula da Commonwealth a cikin Robodebt a watan Afrilun 2017 da kuma binciken kwamitin Majalisar Dattijai na farko wanda ya fara a watan Maris na shekara ta 2017.

## Manazarta
Agroyesum

**Agroyesum** ƙauye ne a gundumar Amansie ta Yamma, gundumar da ke yankin Ashanti na Ghana . An san ta da Asibitin St. Martins, ɗaya daga cikin Asibitin farko da ya yi maganin Ulcer na Buruli a Ghana. 

## Manazarta
Tiahni Adamson

**Tiahni Jade Adamson** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1994/1995) masaniyar ilimin halittu ce ta kare namun daji na Australiya kuma mai ba da shawara ga 'Yan asalin Australiya da mata a STEM . 

Adamson ɗan asalin ƙasar Aboriginal ne kuma ɗan tsibirin Torres Strait na zuriyar Kaurareg . Ta girma a yankin Eyre kuma ta fara karatun likitan dabbobi a Jami'ar Adelaide kafin ta koma kimiyya tare da babban matsayi a kiyaye halittu. Ta kammala karatu a shekarar 2020 tare da digiri na farko a fannin kare halittu. Yayinda take jami'a, an ba ta lambar yabo ta 'yan asalin ƙasar a Sea Scholarship kuma ta shiga cikin tafiyar farko ta RV Investigator a cikin 2019-2020 don gudanar da bincike na kimiyya da na yanayi. 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Tiahni Jade Adamson, an haife ta ne a Adelaide  a cikin 1994 ko 1995, 'yar asalin ƙasar Aboriginal ce kuma Torres Strait Islander na Kaurareg daga Tsibirin Alhamis. Ta shafe wani bangare na yarinta tare da mahaifiyarta,  likitan asibiti, tana zaune a tsibirin Palm a Queensland da Port Augusta, kafin ta zauna a Coffin Bay a yankin Eyre na Kudancin Australia,   inda ta ci gaba da sha'awar dorewa.

## Gwagwarmaya da aiki

Adamson ya kula da matasa kuma ya koyar da kimiyya a lokacin 2018 Garma Festival of Traditional Al'adu' Yothu Yindi Youth Forum .  Bugu da ƙari, ta shiga cikin zanga-zangar Extinction Rebellion a Gidan Majalisar Dokoki Adelaide a watan Afrilun 2019 tana kira ga daukar mataki nan take kan canjin yanayi. Ta ci gaba da shirye-shiryen hadin gwiwa kamar ASSETS kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin jami'in tallafin kifi da kuma mai kula da teku don Masana'antu da Yankuna na Firamare SA (PIRSA), inganta haɗin hukumomin gwamnati ga 'yan asalin ƙasar.

## Manazarta
Garfin ƙofa

A cikin na'urorin lantarki, **ƙarfin ƙofa** shine ƙarfin tashar ƙofar transistor na tasirin filin (FET). Ana iya bayyana shi azaman cikakken ƙarfin ƙofar transistor, ko azaman ƙarfin kowane yanki na fasahar da'ira mai haɗawa, ko azaman ƙarfin kowane faɗin na'urar transistor mai ƙarancin tsayi a cikin fasaha.

A cikin tsararraki na kimanin sikelin Dennard na ƙarfe-oxide-semiconductor FETs (MOSFETs), ƙarfin kowace yanki ya ƙaru da bambanci da girman na'urar. Tunda yankin ƙofar ya faɗi da murabba'in girman na'urar, ƙarfin ƙofar transistor ya faɗi daidai gwargwado tare da girman na'urar. Tare da sikelin Dennard, ƙarfin kowace sashi na faɗin ƙofar ya kasance kusan daidai; wannan ma'aunin zai iya haɗawa da ƙarfin ƙofa-tushen da ƙarfin overlapse na ƙofa-magudanar ruwa. Sauran sikelin ba sabon abu bane; ƙarfin lantarki da kauri na ƙofa oxide ba koyaushe suke raguwa da sauri kamar girman na'urar ba, don haka ƙarfin ƙofa a kowane yanki bai ƙaru da sauri ba, kuma ƙarfin kowace faɗin transistor wani lokacin yana raguwa tsawon tsararraki. 

Ana iya ƙididdige ƙarfin ƙofar da ke cikin ciki (wato, yin watsi da filayen fringing da sauran cikakkun bayanai) na ƙofar da ke da rufin silicon-dioxide daga ƙarfin thinner-oxide a kowane yanki kamar haka:

:  C_\mathrm{G} = A_\mathrm{G}C_\mathrm{ox}

inda: 

* AG is the gate area
*  C_\mathrm{ox} = \frac{\varepsilon_\mathrm{SiO_2} \varepsilon_0}{t_\mathrm{ox}}  is the thin-oxide capacitance per unit area, where 
** εSiO2 = 3.9 is the relative permittivity of silicon dioxide
** ε0 = 8.854×10−12 F/m is the vacuum permittivity
** tox is the oxide thickness.

## Nassoshi
Makarantar Sakandare ta 'yan mata ta Tamale

**Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Tamale** babbar makarantar sakandare ce ta gwamnati ga 'yan mata da ke Tamale a Yankin Arewacin Ghana .   

## Tarihi
An kafa Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Tamale a shekarar karatu ta 1998/99 a matsayin makarantar sakandare ta farko ta 'yan mata a Yankin Arewa. An kafa makarantar ne bisa ra'ayin RAINS/CAMFED, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta kasa da kasa, tare da hadin gwiwar Majalisar Gudanarwa ta Yankuna (RCC) da Hukumar Ilimi ta Ghana don biyan muhimman bukatun yankin na cibiyoyin mata.

Makarantar ta fara ne da ɗaliban da suka ƙunshi mata 62 da malamai 12. Fasaha ta Janar, Kimiyya ta Janar, Kasuwanci, da Tattalin Arzikin Gida sune shirye-shiryen karatu. Tare da ci gaban makarantar, yawan ɗaliban da suka yi rajista yanzu ya kai ɗalibai 1,328, tare da malamai 73 da ma'aikatan da ba sa koyarwa 59. 

Mista Issah Issahaku shi ne shugaban makarantar na farko a shekarar 1999. Hukumar gudanarwa ta wucin gadi ta goyi bayansa.

An naɗa Miss Mercy Amanquandoh a matsayin shugabar makaranta ta farko a shekarar 2000.  Hajia Mariatu Mohammed, shugabar makaranta ta biyu, ta miƙa ragamar makarantar a watan Janairun 2010 bayan ta yi ritaya. Ita ma ta yi ritaya a watan Mayun 2014, kuma Hajia Amina M. Musah, shugabar makaranta ta uku ta karɓi ragamar gudanarwar makarantar. A watan Oktoban 2016, Hajia Nafisa Abukari, shugabar makaranta ta huɗu, an canza ta daga Sawla SHS zuwa Tamale Girls SHS a matsayin sabuwar shugabar makaranta. 

## Manazarta
G.983

**Shawarar ITU-T G.983** iyali ne na shawarwari waɗanda ke bayyana hanyar sadarwa ta gani ta broadband passive optical network (BPON) don hanyoyin sadarwa na samun damar sadarwa . Da farko ya ƙunshi shawarwari goma, G.983.1 zuwa G.983.10, amma an cire shawarwarin .6 &#x2013; .10 lokacin da aka haɗa abubuwan da ke cikinsu cikin G.983.2. Ra'ayin da ake da shi a yanzu shi ne cewa ƙa'idodin BPON sun cika, kuma ba za a sake yin wani aiki a kansu ba bayan zagaye na 2007. An sake fasalin ma'anar GPON OMCI don tsayawa su kaɗai, maimakon ambaton G.983.2.

Duk da cewa G.983 an yi shi ne don BPON, shawarwarin GPON sun dogara sosai a kai, musamman G.984 .4, wanda ke bayyana tsarin gudanarwa na GPON ONTs.

## Shawarwarin da ake bayarwa a yanzu
Shawarwarin da ake bayarwa a yanzu sune:

* G.983.1, Tsarin samun damar gani na Broadband wanda ya dogara da cibiyoyin sadarwar gani (PON), 2005, tare da gyare-gyare 1 da erratum 1. Ya haɗa da ma'anar ma'anar ƙididdigar ƙira.
* G.983.2, ONT gudanarwa da sarrafawa don B-PON, 2005, tare da gyare-gyare 1 da 2, erratum 1 da jagorar mai aiwatarwa.
* G.983.3, Tsarin samun dama na gani mai zurfi tare da karuwar damar sabis ta hanyar rabon wavelength, 2001, tare da gyare-gyare 1 da 2.
* G.983.4, Tsarin samun dama na gani mai zurfi tare da karuwar damar sabis ta amfani da aikin bandwidth mai ƙarfi, 2001, tare da gyare-gyare 1 da gyarewar 1.
* G.983.5, Tsarin samun dama mai zurfi tare da ingantaccen tsira, 2002.
Muskegon Chemical Co.

**Kamfanin Sinadaran Muskegon** wani yanki ne mai girman eka 19.6 na Superfund wanda ke cikin Gundumar Muskegon, Michigan . 

## Tarihi
An kafa Kamfanin Sinadaran Muskegon a shekarar 1957, kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa shekarar 1993.  John R. Yost Jr. ne ya kafa wannan wurin, wanda kuma shi ne mataimakin shugaban kasa kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa a Kamfanin Sinadaran Ott/Story/Cordova . Ya kafa Kamfanin Sinadaran Muskegon a Whitehall Industrial Park don kera sinadarai musamman ga masana'antar magunguna. 

## Tasiri da dalili
Shafin ya gurɓata da dichloroethane, bis- (2-chlorophyll) ether, da triglycol dichloride. An ƙaddara cewa akwai ɓarkewa a cikin tsarin magudanar ruwa a cikin kayan aikin da ya gurɓata ƙasa da ruwan ƙasa a kusa da shafin.

## Tsaftacewa

Tsarin gyara ya ƙunshi matakai da dama don magance gurɓatar ruwan ƙasa. Ana cire ruwan ƙasa don hana gurɓatar da ke cikin ƙasa isa ga Mill Pond Creek. Ana amfani da shaƙar carbon don cire gurɓatattun abubuwa masu rai. Ana fitar da ruwan da aka yi wa magani lafiya zuwa cikin Ayyukan Kula da Jama'a na Yankin Whitehall. Kulawa akai-akai na ruwan saman ƙasa, ruwan ƙasa, ƙasa, da iska yana kimanta ingancin tsarin. 

## Ranar yanzu
Kamfanin Muskegon Chemical Co. a halin yanzu yana da maki " Haɗari Ranking " na 34.19  Kuma matsayin wurin an "Kammala" wanda ke nufin cewa an gina dukkan kayan aikin da ake buƙata don tsaftacewa. 

## Manazarta
JESMES/TS

**GESMES/TS** ( **saƙon ƙididdiga na gaba ɗaya don jerin lokaci** ) tsarin bayanai ne da tsarin saƙo wanda ya dace da yin musayar bayanai na ƙididdiga daidaitacce da bayanai masu alaƙa. Ya dogara ne akan saƙon GESMES (ma'aunin UN/CEFACT ta amfani da tsarin EDIFACT ). Amfaninsa mafi yawanci shine musayar ƙididdiga na hukuma.

An inganta tsarin bayanai don wakiltar jerin bayanai masu girma dabam-dabam na bayanai masu nuni inda girma ɗaya shine lokaci. Tsarin ƙira mai mahimmanci yayi kama da tsarin tauraro . GESMES/TS yana haɓaka sarrafa kansa ta hanyar ikonsa na bayyana girma da filayen metadata da aka yarda da su a sarari ta hanyar da aka daidaita. Sannan software zai iya fassara waɗannan sanarwa zuwa tsarin bayanai wanda ya dace da riƙe bayanai masu girma dabam-dabam. Wannan tsarin yana sa GESMES/TS ya zama mai amfani sosai don amfani mai inganci a fannoni da yawa.

Sunan farko na GESMES/TS shine GESMES/CB (saƙon ƙididdiga na gama gari ga bankunan tsakiya), amma an canza shi don nuna faffadan aikace-aikacensa. Ana kiyaye samfurin da tsarin a ƙarƙashin jagorancin shirin SDMX . A cikin wannan mahallin, ana kiran GESMES/TS da *SDMX-EDI* .

## Nassoshi


* Shirin SDMX .
* SDMX-EDI
* Samfurin UML
* GESMES (wanda EBES EG6 WG1 Group suka ƙirƙiro)
* GESMES/TS da SDMX a shafin yanar gizo na Babban Bankin Turai
* Kamus ɗin ƙididdiga na OECD  (shigarwa: "GESMES")
Gidan shakatawa na Chong Nonsi

**Chong Nonsi Canal Park** ( Thai   ) wani wurin shakatawa ne mai layi a Khlong Chong Nonsi, Sathorn, Bangkok .  Kamfanin gine-ginen shimfidar wuri na ƙasar Thailand Landprocess ne ya tsara shi, wanda aka buɗe shi a watan Disamba na 2021, na farko cikin matakai biyar na wurin shakatawa.   Cheonggyecheon da ke Seoul ne ya yi wahayi zuwa ga aikin, kuma idan aka kammala shi, zai kasance wurin shakatawa mafi tsayi a Bangkok mai  a ɓangarorin biyu na magudanar ruwa.  

## Manazarta
Fxguide

***Fxguide***  wani gidan yanar gizo ne na al'umma mai tasirin gani da kuma bayan samarwa wanda masu fasaha uku masu tasirin gani, Jeff Heusser, John Montgomery, da Mike Seymour suka kafa.

## Tarihi
*Fxguide* ta fara ne a shekarar 1999 a matsayin gidan yanar gizo don faɗaɗa kan shawarwari, dabaru, da tambayoyin da ake yawan yi a cikin jerin imel ɗin "flame-news", wanda ya shafi aikace-aikacen haɗakarwa Discreet Flame. Mike Seymour, John Montgomery, da Jeff Heusser ne suka kafa *Fxguide* . Da farko, an fi mai da hankali kan haɗakarwa mai inganci, amma shafin ya ci gaba tsawon shekaru don ya ƙunshi labarai da horo kan tasirin gani a yanar gizo. Tun daga lokacin an raba shi zuwa gidan yanar gizon *fxguide* kyauta don labarai da tambayoyi, da kuma wurin horo na tasirin gani *na fxphd* wanda ke tushen membobin. 

A ranar 27 ga Yuni 2005, shafin ya fara wani shirin podcast mai taken "fxpodcast", wanda ya kunshi tambayoyi da masu fasaha da kuma masana'antun. A ranar 18 ga Yuli 2007, "fxguidetv" ya kaddamar a matsayin shirin podcast na bidiyo mai dauke da sharhi kan abubuwan da suka faru a fim da kuma rahotannin masana'antu da kuma tambayoyi. Angie Dale ( née Richards) ce ta dauki nauyin shirin. A ranar 2 ga Afrilu 2008, *fxguide* ta kara wani shirin podcast na yau da kullun, "red centre", wanda ya fara mai da hankali kan kyamarar RED kuma ya bunkasa har ya shafi dukkan fannoni na zane-zane na dijital. Mike Seymour da Jason Wingrove ne suka dauki nauyin shirin. A shekarar 2010, an canza taken shirin zuwa "the rc".  Duk da cewa "the rc" ya tsaya yanzu, shirin podcast na "VFXshow" ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da masu masaukin baki na yau da kullun Mike Seymour, Matt Wallin, da Jason Diamond, tare da masu masaukin baki da yawa.

Jeff Heusser ya mutu a shekarar 2018; *fxguide* ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da John Montgomery da Mike Seymour.

Daga 2011 zuwa 2012, *fxguide* ta yi sassan bidiyo na musamman don *[[The Daily (News Corporation)|The Daily]]* mai taken "Behind the Scenes".  Tun daga lokacin ƙungiyar ta yi wani shirin yanar gizo na *[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]*, "Design-fx".  

Mike Seymour shi ma ya kafa Motus Lab a Jami'ar Sydney, bayan ya sami digirin PhD a fannin kimiyyar ɗan adam ta hanyar dijital.  kuma na shiga cikin aikin Epic Games MeetMike a SIGGRAPH . &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Bayanan kula

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* 
*
Keith Alexander (mai wasan kwaikwayo)

**Keith Alexander** (an haife shi **Keith Buckley**; wani lokacin ana kiransa **Keith Alexander Buckley**)  ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Australiya kuma mai zane-zane.

## Rayuwa ta farko
Asalinsa daga Sydney, Alexander ya yi karatun injiniya da doka a Jami'ar Adelaide kafin ya yanke shawarar bin wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin aiki.

## Ayyuka
Da farko, Alexander ya yi aiki sosai a gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Da yake ya yi takaici da yanayin siyasar Australiya, a shekarar 1965 ya koma London,  inda ya dauki sunan sana'a "Keith Alexander" kamar yadda tuni akwai wani ɗan wasan kwaikwayo mai suna "Keith Buckley" a Burtaniya.

Saboda ƙwarewarsa a cikin haifuwa, Alexander an fi saninsa da aikin muryarsa, musamman aikinsa a Burtaniya. Ayyukansa na talabijin na Burtaniya sun haɗa da Softly, Softly (1966), The New Avengers (1976), Minder (1979) da The Day of the Triffids (1981). A babban allo, yana da matsayi a cikin Submarine X-1 (1968), *[[Superman (1978 film)|Superman]]* (1978), Hanover Street (1979) da All About a Prima Ballerina (1980).

## Matsayin wasan kwaikwayo

## Manazarta
Tsarin wuraren shakatawa na kwarin Kogin Saskatchewan na Arewa

**Tsarin wuraren shakatawa na kwarin kogin North Saskatchewan**, wanda aka fi sani da **Ribbon of Green** ko kuma **wuraren shakatawa na Kogin Valley**, tarin wuraren shakatawa ne na birane da ke kewaye da kwarin kogin North Saskatchewan a yankin Edmonton Metropolitan na Alberta, Kanada. Tsarin wurin shakatawa ya ƙunshi sama da  na wuraren shakatawa, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama mafi girman yanki mai haɗuwa da wuraren shakatawa na birane a ƙasar. Tsarin wurin shakatawa ya ƙunshi wuraren shakatawa na larduna da na birni sama da 30 da ke kewaye da kogin daga Devon zuwa Fort Saskatchewan, tare da hanyoyin da ke haɗa yawancin wuraren shakatawa tare.

An fara gabatar da shawarwari kan ƙirƙirar babban wurin shakatawa a gefen kogin Edmonton ta hannun mai zane-zanen shimfidar wuri Frederick Todd a shekarar 1907, kodayake ƙirƙirar tsarin wurin shakatawa bai fara ba har zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni na 20. A shekarar 1996, an kafa ƙungiyar River Valley Alliance (RVA) don daidaita ci gaban tsarin wurin shakatawa a duk faɗin yankin babban birni. Duk da cewa manyan sassan kwarin kogin filayen shakatawa ne na jama'a, wasu sassan kwarin kogin mallakar masu zaman kansu ne. Baya ga tsarin wurin shakatawa, yankin babban birni kuma yana amfani da kwarin kogin don kula da ruwan sama .

Yawancin kwarin kogin ciyawa ne, kodayake sassansa suna da dazuzzuka. Kwarin kogin yana da babban matakin bambancin halittu kuma ana amfani da shi azaman hanyar namun daji ta dabbobi iri-iri.

## Tarihi
An ƙirƙiri wurin da kwarin kogin bayan dusar ƙanƙara yake a yanzu sakamakon tarin ƙanƙara. 

Wuraren tarihi na yankin sun nuna cewa ƙasashen farko sun yi amfani da albarkatun da aka samu a kwarin Kogin Arewa na Saskatchewan tsawon dubban shekaru, kuma wataƙila sun canza kwarin kogin zuwa wani mataki.  Tsire-tsire da aka samu a kwarin kogin sun canza sosai daga ƙarshen shekarun 1700 zuwa 1900, wani ɓangare saboda canjin yanayi a lokacin Ƙaramin Zamanin Kankara .  Gabatar da ciyayi marasa asali za a iya danganta shi da isowar Métis da manoman Turai; waɗanda kuma suka girbe bishiyoyi don katako, kuma suka yi amfani da kwarin a matsayin wurin kiwo ga dabbobinsu. 

Ci gaban masana'antu a kwarin kogin ya faru ne a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 da farkon ƙarni na 20, bayan kafa Fort Edmonton a 1811 da kuma kammala layin dogo na Edmonton, Yukon & Pacific a 1903.  A wannan lokacin, an haƙo albarkatu daga kwarin kogin don ginawa da kuma kula da mazaunin Edmonton (da kuma daga baya birnin).  Ayyukan yin tubali da haƙar kwal na farko a kwarin kogin sun faru ne a shekarun 1840;  tare da wuraren zubar da shara, ramukan tsakuwa, da yadi na katako da aka gina a cikin kwarin kogin a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 da farkon ƙarni na 20.  A shekarun 1900, an share yawancin kwarin kogin daga bishiyoyi don katako.  Ci gaba da haƙo albarkatu a Edmonton sun canza daga kwarin kogin zuwa filayen tuddai a shekarun 1920 yayin da albarkatu suka fara kwarara zuwa cikin birnin daga nesa, wanda hakan ya ba da damar yanayin kwarin kogin ya sake kafa kansa. 

## Wuraren shakatawa

## Manazarta
Tef din friction

**Tef ɗin friction** wani nau'in tef ne na manne da aka saka, wanda aka yi shi da auduga a tarihi, wanda aka sanya shi da manne mai tushen roba. Yana mannewa a ɓangarorin biyu, galibi ma'aikatan wutar lantarki suna amfani da shi don rufe haɗin waya da kebul na lantarki.  Manne mai tushen roba yana ba da kariya daga ruwa da tsatsa, yayin da ragar zane ke kare shi daga hudawa da gogewa. An maye gurbinsa da tef ɗin lantarki mai tushen PVC sai dai ana amfani da shi don rufewa fiye da kima.

## Sauran amfani
Ana amfani da tef ɗin friction don inganta riƙe kayan wasanni daban-daban, ciki har da raket ɗin wasan tennis, jemage na baseball, da sandunan hockey. Haka kuma ana amfani da shi a kan madaurin kekuna, kekunan ƙasa, injin yanke ciyawa, da sauran ƙananan injina waɗanda ke buƙatar riƙewa ko tuƙi.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin tef ɗin mannewa

## Nassoshi
Visam Ali

**Visam Ali** (Dhivehi) ɗan siyasan Maldivian ne kuma ɗan diflomasiyya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Kwamishinan Maldives a Malaysia daga 2019 zuwa 2022. Ta kasance memba na Majalisar Jama'a mai wakiltar gundumar majalisa ta Maduvvari don zaman 18 na Majalisar Jamaʼa.

Daga 26 Maris 2019 zuwa 1 Fabrairu 2020, ita ce Jakadan Maldives na karshe a Malaysia, lokacin da Maldives ta koma matsayinta na jamhuriya a cikin Commonwealth of Nations, sannan ta zama Babban Kwamishina a sakamakon haka.

## Ayyuka
Kafin aiki na siyasa ta kasance ma'aikaciyar gwamnati kuma ta jagoranci Ma'aikatar Ilimi da Horarwa, a lokacin gwamnatin Shugaba Maumoon Abdul Gayoom . Tare da mijinta Ahmed Thasmeen Ali, a lokacin Mataimakin Shugaban kasa na DRP, ta sanya hannu ga Jam'iyyar Demokradiyya ta Maldivian bayan da aka ci ta a zaben shugaban kasa a shekarar 2008. 

Visam Ali ya ba da shawara ga yara da 'Yancin mata, Kula da lafiya ga marasa lafiya na Talasemia, kuma ya gabatar da lissafin kula da Thalassemia ga Majalisar Jama'a.  Ta kuma yi kira ga 'yancin masunta a mazabar kuma ta soki manufofin Shugaba Mohamed Nasheed game da amfani da' 'yan sanda a kan masu zanga-zangar a Maldives. Tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan majalisa waɗanda suka ki karɓar alawus na kwamitin MVR 20,000 na 'yan majalisun ta Peoples Majlis .

Ta yi murabus daga matsayinta na Babban Kwamishina a ranar 5 ga Afrilu 2022. 

## Manazarta
Ma'aunin na kyauta

**Tsarin ma'auni na kyauta** ko **na libre** misali ne wanda takamaimansa yake samuwa a bainar jama'a. Manufar ƙa'idodin Free/Libre ta fito a masana'antar software a matsayin martani ga "ƙa'idodi" da *aka* rufe waɗanda suka taimaka wajen ƙarfafa ikon mallakar kamfanoni. Masu amfani da tsarin kyauta suna da 'yanci iri ɗaya guda huɗu da ke da alaƙa da software kyauta, da kuma 'yancin shiga cikin tsarin haɓaka shi. Tsarin daidaitawa yawanci yana buƙatar cikakken aiwatar da software kyauta, wanda ke nuna cewa ana iya aiwatar da shi kuma yana sa ya zama mai amfani. Tsarin libre ba shi da alaƙa da haƙƙin mallaka.

Misali, Ƙungiyar Ka'idojin Kyauta, ta ƙirƙiro ƙa'idodi kuma ta fitar da su ƙarƙashin Lasisin Takardun Kyauta na GNU ba tare da rubutun murfin ko sassan da ba sa canzawa ba . An fitar da aiwatar da tunani da jerin gwaje-gwaje, da sauransu a matsayin software kyauta .

Irin waɗannan tsare-tsare yanzu haka ana bin su ta hanyar ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na ƙa'idoji na "buɗewa", kalmar "buɗewa" ta sami karbuwa ta hanyar ƙungiyar "buɗewa" don jan hankalin manyan 'yan wasan masana'antu.

## Misalan ƙungiyoyin 'yanci/buɗe ƙa'idodi

* Kamfanin Ecma International
* OASIS
* Buɗe Ƙungiyar Haɗin Gwiwa
* Ƙungiyar Yanar Gizo ta Duniya

## Duba kuma

* Buɗaɗɗen misali
* Tsarin fayil kyauta
* Ilimin Libre

## Nassoshi
Ingantaccen sauti na bincike

**Ingantaccen sauti na bincike** shine nazarin kimiyya da haɓaka fahimtar sauti, yawanci don inganta fahimta.

Duk da cewa kalmar "ingantawa" ce, tsarin kusan gaba ɗaya ya ƙunshi tace sautunan da ba a so domin a bar sigar da ta fi fahimta.

## Karɓar shaida a matsayin shaida

* Dole ne hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su su bi ƙa'idodin shaida domin a amince da su a kotu . Dole ne ƙwararren mai sauraro ya iya rubuta matakan da suka ɗauka, dole ne a iya kwafi waɗannan matakan, ba za a iya ƙirƙirar bayanai ba, kuma ba za a iya yin gyare-gyare ko gogewa bisa ga hukunci ba. Canje-canje a cikin sautin murya ko saurin sauti na iya sa rikodin ya zama ba za a yarda da shi ba.
* Kotuna na iya buƙatar takaddun tsarewa masu dacewa tare da wannan shaidar. Wannan ya haɗa da matakan kariya masu dacewa don tabbatar da cewa an kare shaidar da kyau kuma an adana ta.
* Idan an yi haɓaka aikin ta amfani da software da ake samu a kasuwa, ana iya buƙatar shaidar horo da ƙwarewa da aka ƙayyade ga mai siyarwa.

## Nassoshi
Ethel Ambrose

**Ethel Mary Murray Ambrose** (23 ga Satumba 1874 - 17 ga Fabrairu 1934) likita ce ta Australiya. Ta yi shekaru 28 a matsayin mai wa'azi a ƙasashen waje a Indiya.

## Tarihi
Ambrose 'yar William Ambrose (- 22 Fabrairu 1882) ce da Helen Harvey Ambrose, née Finlayson (1846 - 8 Yuni 1890), 'yar William Finlayson ta biyu. Iyaye biyu sun mutu a gidan Finlayson, "Helenholme" a Mitcham. John da Helen Finlayson sun kula da yara uku. Ethel ta yi karatu a babbar Makarantar Unley Park,  kamar yadda 'yar'uwarta Lily, yayin da ɗan'uwanta Theodore ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Way.

A shekara ta 1898 ta hau kan aji na farko na Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya, inda ta lashe kyautar Elder;  A wannan shekarar dan uwanta Theodore, tsohon jami'in Way College, ya lashe kyautar Elster ga daliban likitanci na shekara ta biyu. 

An ba ta laMB yabo ta MB da ChB daga Jami'ar Adelaide a 1903 a wani bikin na musamman,  kuma ba da daɗewa ba ta ɗauki matsayi tare da Asibitin Perth,  a matsayin mace ta farko likita a kan ma'aikata.  A cewar wani marubuci ta bar Perth zuwa Melbourne a farkon 1905 kuma ta zama jami'in kiwon lafiya a asibitin Melbourne. A ƙarshen wannan shekarar ta tafi aikin a Nasrapur, inda ta zauna na ɗan lokaci, tana koyon yaren da al'adu. Daga nan sai ta koma Pandharpur, inda masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje suka kasance kawai Turawa a garin kuma sun yi aiki daga ƙaramin ginin asali. A hankali aikin ya karu, kuma sun sami damar kafa asibiti da babban kantin magani. Ta hanyar kulawa mai zurfi sai a hankali al'umma ta karɓa.

Ta koma Adelaide kowane shekaru biyar; daya daga cikin wadannan bukukuwan ya kasance a cikin 1919 a lokacin annobar mura ta huhu, lokacin da ake amfani da Ginin Nunin Jubilee a matsayin asibiti mai warewa, kuma an nada Ambrose likita mai zama.

A ziyararta ta 1932 ta damu da rashin lafiya, amma ta koma Indiya kafin ta warke. Rashin lafiyarta ya kara muni amma ta ci gaba da gwagwarmaya, tana jiran maye gurbin wanda bai taɓa zuwa ba, kuma ta mutu a Poona.

## Iyali
Bayan mutuwar iyayen biyu, kakan Finlayson da 'yan uwa biyu ne suka haifi yaran,  mai yiwuwa Jane (1837-1926) da Jessie (1850-1931).

:* Lily Finlayson Ambrose (1873 - 1966) ta zama likita
:* Ethel Mary Murray Ambrose (23 Satumba 1874 - 17 Fabrairu 1934) ta zama likita kuma mai wa'azi a Indiya
:* Helen Harvey Ambrose (1876 - 14 Disamba 1950) 
:* William Searle Ambrose (1878 - 1962) 
:* Theodore Ambrose (1880 - 7 Oktoba 1947), ya zama likita, ya koma Perth 

## Manazarta
Ben Magec - Masu Kula da Muhalli a Ayyuka

**Ben Magec - Masana Ilimin Halittu a Aiki** ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta daga Tsibiran Canary kuma wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar Masana Ilimin Halittu a Aiki, wacce aka keɓe don kare muhalli. A halin yanzu tana da hedikwata a La Palma tare da bayyana a cikin kanun labarai na gida, na ƙasa da na duniya, kuma ayyukanta da ra'ayoyinta suna da tasiri akai-akai kan manufofin muhalli tare da Tsibiran Canary.

## Tarihi
Ben Magec ya samo asali ne daga Haria, Lanzarote lokacin da a shekarar 1989, ƙungiyar masana muhalli daga ko'ina cikin tsibirin suka haɗu don haɗa ƙarfi da kuma ƙirƙirar tushe don sadarwa da musayar ra'ayi. Wannan taro na farko an kira shi Majalisar Canarian Environment Movement. Waɗannan tarurrukan sun zama na shekara-shekara, suna gudana ne bisa ga manufar juyawa ta kowace Tsibirin Canary kuma an keɓe su ga ra'ayin ƙirƙirar tushe don sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi, neman mafita ga matsaloli gama gari da mafita ta zahiri, yayin da har yanzu suna girmama 'yancin kai na kowace ƙungiya a cikin ƙungiyar.

A cikin shekaru masu zuwa ƙungiyar ta ɗauki muhimman batutuwa da dama, kamar 'Save the Rincon', wani aiki na ƙoƙarin dakatar da birane da gine-gine a gonaki a yankin La Orotava .

## Manyan kamfen
Ana cewa ba a cika fahimtar muhimmancin ƙungiyar a yau ba, musamman idan aka yi la'akari da motsin masana muhalli da kuma yiwuwar sauye-sauye a yankunan karkara na Tsibirin Canary. Ana cewa akwai yankuna da yawa na Tsibirin Canarian da za a haɓaka kuma a canza su ta wata hanya daban da yadda suke a da ba don tasirin Ben Magec ba.

Misalan biyu na wannan su ne gabar tekun karkara na **Veneguera** ( Gran Canaria ) da **El Rincon** ( Tenerife ). An ga waɗannan yankuna biyu a matsayin waɗanda ke fuskantar barazana a cikin shekaru goma na ci gaba a lokacin shekarun 1980. Ci gaban masana muhalli da sassan zamantakewa ya haifar da ƙirƙirar wani Shahararren Tsarin Dokoki, wanda ke kira da a dakatar da ci gaban yawon buɗe ido a tsibiran. Ya sami fiye da adadin sa hannu da ake buƙata, kuma bayan zuwa majalisar dokoki an girmama shi kuma an ɗauke shi a matsayin shawarar mutane. Wannan jigon ya ci gaba har zuwa ƙarni na 21 tare da kamfen ɗin da ya shafi ci gaban yawon buɗe ido, an kira kamfen ɗin 'Canaras tiene un límite: Ni una cama más' (Kanaries suna da iyaka: Babu ƙarin gado ɗaya). Wannan kamfen ya shahara musamman a tsibirin Lanzarote. 

Wannan shirin ɗan ƙasa ya nuna ikon Ben Magec na hana sauye-sauyen karkara da yankunan da da ba haka ba za a samu ci gaba a yanzu fiye da Puerto Rico ko Puerto de La Cruz . Duk da cewa waɗannan misalai biyu ne masu mahimmanci, wannan kariyar yankin bai ragu ba kuma misali na ƙarshe na irin wannan aikin shine zanga-zangar adawa da ra'ayin gina sabuwar gabar ruwa a Las Palmas de Gran Canaria inda mutane 60,000 suka shiga. 

## Manazarta
Footbonaut

**Footbonaut** injin horar da ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke harba ƙwallo a gudu daban-daban da kuma hanyoyi daban-daban ga 'yan wasa, waɗanda dole ne su sarrafa su kuma su wuce ƙwallon zuwa wani murabba'i mai haske. Baya ga ƙwarewar ƙwallon, an ƙera injin don inganta lokacin amsawar ɗan wasa. 

## Ci gaba
Christian Güttler ne ya ƙirƙiro Footbonaut a Berlin, Jamus.  An kuma bayyana injin ɗin a matsayin keji na robot .  Footbanaut, wanda farashinsa ya kai dala miliyan 3.5, yana da girma kamar wani gida mai siffar kube kuma yana iya harba ƙwallo daga digiri 360 a cikin gudu daban-daban da kuma hanyoyin da 'yan wasan ke bi.  'Yan wasan, waɗanda ke tsaye a cikin da'ira, dole ne su sarrafa ƙwallon su kuma su wuce ta ɗaya daga cikin ƙofofi 72. 

An yaba wa Mario Götze a wasan ƙarshe na cin kofin duniya na FIFA na 2014 saboda shekarun da ya yi yana aiki da Footbonaut.  An ruwaito cewa ƙungiyar Jamus TSG 1899 Hoffenheim ta cimma matsayi mafi girma a gasar Bundesliga tsawon shekaru biyar - matsayi na tara - bayan amfani da na'urar.  Akwai ƙungiyoyi uku da ke amfani da Footbonaut a horonsu. 

## Nassoshi
Harold David Anderson

**Harold David Anderson** AO OBE (6 Satumba 1923 - 17 Yuni 2020)  ya kasance ma'aikacin gwamnati ne kuma jami'in diflomasiyya na Australiya.

## Rayuwa ta farko da aiki
An haifi Anderson a yankin Semaphore na Arewacin Adelaide a ranar 6 ga Satumba 1923, ɗan AH Anderson na Dutsen Gambier . Ya shafe shekarunsa na farko da ilimi a Largs Bay kuma daga baya Mount Gambier, inda ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Mount Gambior .  A Makarantar Sakandare ta Mount Gambier ya kasance dux na shekara ta tsakiya kuma ya lashe kyautar Vansittart Scholarship, wanda ya ba shi damar shekaru uku a Kwalejin St Peter, Adelaide .  A cikin shekara ta ƙarshe a kwalejin ya sami Bursary don nazarin doka a Jami'ar Adelaide . A ƙarshen shekara ta farko ya sami matsayi na farko a cikin Latin, yana karɓar kyautar Andrew Scott, kuma an haɗa shi da Charles Abbott KC, wanda daga baya ya zama Babban Lauyan Kudancin Australia. 

A lokacin shekara ta biyu a jami'a, Andserson ya shiga cikin Sojojin Australiya a ranar 7 ga Oktoba 1942. Yayinda yake aiki a New Guinea a 1944, Anderson ya zauna don jarrabawar cadetship don sabon sabis na diflomasiyyar Australiya, kuma shi ne kawai Kudancin Australiya da aka zaba, an sallame shi a ranar 3 ga Yuni 1944. 

## Daraja

* Jami'in Order of Australia (AO), 1980 Australia Day Honours . 
* Jami'in Order of the British Empire (OBE), 1966 Sarauniyar ranar haihuwar girmamawa.

## Manazarta
Tashar Bincike ta Kuroshima

**Tashar Bincike ta Kuroshima** wata cibiyar bincike ce ta ruwa a Okinawa, Japan, wacce ke tsibirin Kuroshima . (黒島) 

An kafa ta a shekarar 1973 a matsayin Cibiyar Bincike ta Yaeyama Marine Parks **,**   don manufar kula da amfani da yankin wurin shakatawa na ruwa a tafkin Sekisei (石西) tsakanin Tsibirin Ishigaki (石垣) da Tsibirin Iriomote (西表) ciki har da Tsibirin Kuroshima.

Tun daga farko, ta yi aiki a matsayin tashar bincike ta teku, kuma ta wanzu har zuwa 2002 a ƙarƙashin tallafin kuɗi daga Nagoya Railroad Business Operations Co. Ltd.

A halin yanzu, Cibiyar Bincike ta Kuroshima tana cikin ƙungiyar NPO Sea Kunkuru ta Japan **,** wadda ta karɓi ayyukan cibiyar.  

## Ayyuka
Wasu daga cikin ayyukan cibiyoyin sun haɗa da bincike na shekaru 30 kan gina kunkuru na teku, gami da tabbatar da gina kunkuru na teku na hawksbill a karon farko a Japan, da kuma tabbatar da gina kunkuru na teku na kore . Sun kuma yi bincike kan acanthasters da murjani .

A shekarar 2005, sun dauki nauyin **taron** kunkuru na teku na Japan, wanda ake gudanarwa kowace shekara a wurin da kunkuru ke zaune a gida a Japan.

## Manazarta
William Adey

**William James Adey** CMG (27 Mayu 1874 - 23 Mayu 1956) masanin ilimin Australiya ne kuma ma'aikacin gwamnati.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Adey a kusa da Clare a Kudancin Ostiraliya ga manomi Charles George Adey da Ann, née Ritchie . Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jihar kafin ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Horar da Grote Street a 1894 da kuma Kwalejin horar da Melbourne a 1907; ya kuma yi karatu na ɗan lokaci a Jami'ar Adelaide (1909-15), kodayake bai taɓa kammala karatu ba. 

## Ayyuka
Ya yi aiki a matsayin malamin makarantar firamare daga 1895 zuwa 1909 a makarantu daban-daban.

A shekara ta 1909 aka nada Adey a matsayin shugaban Makarantar Sakandare ta Adelaide, matsayin da ya rike har zuwa 1919. Ya kasance mai binciken makarantun sakandare daga 1919 zuwa 1920 kafin ya zama mai kula da ilimin sakandare. A shekara ta 1929 ya zama Darakta na Ilimi, kodayake shi ne zaɓi na biyu kuma an umurce shi da ya iyakance kansa don bin shirin wanda ya riga shi; ba mai gyara ba, ya bi wannan umarnin, amma ana sha'awar ikon gudanarwa da koyarwarsa. Ya ja hankalin mutane sosai saboda rawar da ya taka a kwamitin bincike na 1931, inda ya saba wa abokan aikinsa a adawa da kudaden makarantar sakandare da kuma iyakancewar shiga makarantar sakandare. Ya kasa hana gabatar da kudaden makaranta gaba daya amma ya yi ƙoƙari ya kawar da rashin daidaito na zamantakewa da suka haifar. Ya kasance Darakta na Ilimi har zuwa lokacin da ya yi ritaya a 1939. Charles Fenner shine magajinsa.

Adey ya yi aiki a majalisar Jami'ar Adelaide daga 1929 zuwa 1950 kuma ya jagoranci kwamitin gwamnati na 1939 da ke neman yara masu laifi da unguwanni na jihar. An nada shi Aboki na Order of St Michael da St George (CMG) a 1935.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Ya auri Mabel Edith Dyer a ranar 17 ga Disamba 1910; ta mutu a 1915 kuma Adey ya auri malamin Constance Margaret Weston a ranar 7 ga Mayu 1921 a Walkerville . Adey ya mutu a Burnside a 1956 kuma an binne shi a Kabari na Arewa a Nailsworth.

## Manazarta
Hasken Microthermography

**Hasken microthermography** ( **FMT** ) wata dabara ce ta amfani da na'urar hangen nesa ta microscopy don ɗaukar hoton watsawar zafin jiki ta infrared akan ƙaramin sikelin. Yana iya cimma ƙudurin sarari na rabin micrometer da ƙudurin zafin jiki na 0.005&nbsp;K. Ma'aunin da ya dogara da lokaci yana yiwuwa, domin tsawon rayuwar hasken yana kusan 200 ne kawai&nbsp;ƙananan daƙiƙa.

Ana shafa siririn fim na phosphor, europiumnoyl-trifluoroacetonate, a saman (misali, injin da aka haɗa da wutar lantarki ) sannan a haskaka shi da hasken ultraviolet a digiri 340–380.&nbsp;nm, hasken haske mai motsawa a mafi yawan 612&nbsp;Layin nm. Ingancin hasken haske yana raguwa sosai tare da zafin jiki, don haka ana iya amfani da bambance-bambancen ƙarfin hasken da aka fitar don tantance bambance-bambancen zafin saman, tare da wuraren zafi suna nuna duhu. 

## Nassoshi
Herbert Andrewartha

Farfesa **Herbert George Andrewartha**, BS (UWA), MAgSc (Melb), DSc (Adel), FAA, (21 Disamba 1907 - 27 Janairu 1992) ya kasance fitaccen masanin kimiyya na Australiya a fannonin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta, ilmin halitta, ilimin dabbobi da ilimin muhalli na dabbobi.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Andrewartha na biyu cikin yara uku, a ranar 21 ga Disamba 1907 a Perth, Yammacin Ostiraliya ga George da Elsie . Mahaifinsa malami ne, kuma iyalin suna ƙaura akai-akai daga makaranta zuwa makaranta tare da sashen ilimi, a yankunan karkara na Yammacin Australia.

Andrewartha ya sami digiri na farko a fannin noma daga Jami'ar Western Australia . Daga baya ya sami digirin digirinsa daga Jami'ar Adelaide a shekarar 1972.

## Ayyuka
Andrewartha ya zama masanin ilimin muhalli na Australiya mafi tasiri, wanda aka fi sani da danganta dakarun da ke da 'yanci, kamar yanayi, don zama mafi mahimmanci fiye da abubuwan da suka dogara da yawa wajen rinjayar tsarin yawan jama'a. A cikin 1933, Andrewartha ya fara karatunsa a kan apple thrips, *[[Thrips (genus)|Thrips imaginis]]*, amma daga baya ya sauya karatunsa zuwa tsutsa, *[[Austroicetes]]*, lokacin da ya koma Adelaide a cikin 1935.

Wannan ya haifar da bugawa ta farko tare da tsohon ɗalibinsa Charles Birch a cikin 1941, " Tasirin yanayi akan annoba ta tsutsa a Kudancin Australia". A shekara ta 1945, lokacin da mai ba da shawara James Davidson ya mutu, Andrewartha ya gaji shekaru 15 na bayanan da aka tattara akan yawan mutane. Bayan shekaru da yawa na nazarin kididdigar wannan bayanan, Andrewartha da Birch sun nuna haɗin kai mai ƙarfi tsakanin ilimin lissafi, matakan yawan jama'a, da sauran abubuwan muhalli. Wannan ya haifar da buga manyan littattafai guda biyu, The Distribution and Abundance of Animals (1954) da The Ecological Web (1984).  Ta hanyar wannan aikin, Andrewartha da Birch sun sami sabuwar makarantar ilimin muhalli na yawan jama'a, wanda ya jaddada rawar da kula da muhalli ke takawa ba tare da tsarin dogaro da al'umma ba bisa ga abubuwan da suka dogara da yawa. Ayyukan hadin gwiwa na Andrewartha da Birch sun ba su lambar yabo ta "Eminent Ecologist Award" daga kungiyar Ecological Society of America, wanda ba a taɓa gabatar da shi tare ga mutane biyu ba 

## Manazarta
Gidan shakatawa na Gyeongui Line

**Layin Gandun Daji na Gyeongui** (Korean) wani wurin shakatawa ne mai layi wanda aka gina a kan tsohon layin dogo a Hongdae, Seoul.  Bayan an sake gina layin Gyeongui a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, an ƙirƙiri wurin shakatawa na Gyeongui Line Forest Park a madadinsa.

Ana kuma kiransa da **Yeontral Park** ( 연트럴파크 ), wanda tashar tashar Konglish ce na gundumar Mapo ta Yeonnam-dong da Babban Park na New York. 

## Hotunan Hotuna

Fayil:20250510_경의선숲길_2.jpg
Fayil:20250510_경의선숲길_3.jpg
Fayil:20250510_경의선숲길_4.jpg


## Manazarta
FLEPia

**Fujitsu FLEPia** na'urar karanta e-reader ce da aka daina amfani da ita, wadda za ta iya nuna launuka har 260,000.   An sake shi a Japan a shekarar 2009. 

## Bayani dalla-dalla

* Girman: 158 mm x 240 mm x 12.5&nbsp;mm
* Nauyi: 385 g
* Nuni: inci 8
* ƙuduri: 768 x 1024 pixels
* Adadin launukan da za a iya nunawa: launuka 260,000 (dubawa 3); 4,096 (dubawa 2); launuka 64 (dubawa 1)
* Saurin sake zanawa: daƙiƙa 1.8 (dubawa 1), daƙiƙa 5 (dubawa 2), daƙiƙa 8 (dubawa 3)
* Ƙwaƙwalwa: Katin Ƙwaƙwalwa na SD (Matsakaicin har zuwa 4GB)
* Baturi: Awowi 40 masu ci gaba (yana nuna shafuka 2,400/a minti 1 a kowane shafi/tare da launuka 64)
* Mara waya: WiFi da Bluetooth
* MSRP: 99,750 JPY (~$1075)
* Launukan da ake da su: fari da baƙi.

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Sharhin Fasaha - Mai Karatu Mai Launi ta E-Reader
* Duniyar PC - Fujitsu Ta ƙaddamar da Tashar Takardar Launi ta E-Paper: Labari mara daɗi ga Kindle?