Eric Mtshali

**Eric "Stalin" Mtshali** (20 Nuwamba 1933 - 12 Oktoba 2018) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne, ɗan ƙungiyar kasuwanci, kuma mai fafutukar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata. Ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kwadago ta Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1955 da Umkhonto we Sizwe a shekarar 1961. Ya kuma kasance jigo a jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Afirka ta Kudu.

Bayan shekaru 30 yayi gudun hijira tare da jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC), Mtshali ya koma Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1991. Da zarar an kawar da mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata, ya yi aiki a hukumar 'yan sanda ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma a matsayin ɗan majalisa a eThekwini kafin ya shiga majalisar dokokin ƙasar, inda ya wakilci jam'iyyar ANC na wa'adi biyu daga shekarun 2004 zuwa 2014.

## Rayuwar farko da aiki
An haifi Mtshali a ranar 20 ga watan Nuwamba 1933 a Durban a tsohuwar lardin Natal,  inda ya yi karatu kuma ya shiga harkar yaki da wariyar launin fata.  Ya yi fice a matsayin matashin mai shirya ƙungiyar kwadago a tsakanin ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa na Natal da ma'aikatan masaku,  kuma ya kasance memba na kafa ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta Afirka ta Kudu (Sactu) a cikin  1955.  Har ila yau, a cikin shekarar 1955, ya yi aikin sa kai a matsayin ma'aikacin fage akan yakin neman 'Yanci. 

An ɗauke shi aiki a Jam’iyyar Kwaminis ta Afirka ta Kudu (SACP) a shekarar 1957, a lokacin da aka haramta wa jam’iyyar aiki a ƙarƙashin ƙasa.  Ya sami laƙabin "Stalin" saboda sha'awarsa ga Joseph Stalin, tsohon shugaban Tarayyar Soviet.  A shekarar 1961, bayan da jam'iyyar ANC ta kafa Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK), Mtshali na cikin ruƙunin farko na waɗanda suka fara ɗaukar sabbin kwamandojin ƙarƙashin ƙasa a Natal. 

## Yunkurin fafutuka a gudun hijira: 1962-1991
Mtshali ya tafi gudun hijira tare da MK a shekarar 1962 kuma ya sami horon soja da leken asiri a Cuba da Tarayyar Soviet.  Bayan kammala horon, ya kasance a sansanin MK da ke Kongwa, Tanzania, inda aka naɗa shi shugaban ma'aikata. Ya riƙe wannan matsayi a lokacin yakin Wankie da Sepolilo.   Har ila yau, a wannan lokacin, Mtshali, Chris Hani, da sauransu sun kafa *Dawn*, mujallar MK ta mako-mako, wanda Mtshali ya shirya daga shekarun 1964 zuwa 1969.  An fara zaɓen shi a cikin Kwamitin Tsakiya na SACP a shekarar 1971. 

A cikin shekaru ashirin masu zuwa, Mtshali ya riƙe muƙamai da dama a jam'iyyun ANC, Sactu, da SACP: shi ne babban wakilin jam'iyyar ANC a Tanzaniya; sai kuma wakilin Sactu a ƙungiyar kwadago ta duniya a Prague, inda ya gaji Moses Mabhida; sannan, daga shekarun 1982, shugaban sashen farfaganda da yaɗa labarai na Sactu.  A cikin matsayi na ƙarshe, ya shirya rarraba farfagandar ƙungiyoyin ci gaba a cikin Afirka ta Kudu, gami da sigar *Manifesto na Kwaminisanci* wanda da kansa ya fassara zuwa Zulu.  A lokaci guda kuma, Mtshali ya taka rawa wajen bunƙasa basirar MK na cikin gida;  a lokacin mutuwarsa, shi ne mamba na ƙarshe da ya kafa *Imbokodo*, ɓangaren tsaro na Sashen Leken Asiri da Tsaro na ANC. 

## Aikin siyasa bayan mulkin wariyar launin fata
A cikin shekarar 1991, yayin tattaunawar kawo ƙarshen mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata, Mtshali ya koma Afirka ta Kudu,  inda ya zama memba na kwamitin zartarwa na yanki na reshen jam'iyyar ANC a Kudancin Natal.  Tsakanin shekarun 1995 zuwa 2000, ya yi aiki a Sabis na 'yan sandan Afirka ta Kudu bayan wariyar launin fata a matsayin mataimakin kwamishinan lardi na hukumar leken asiri a KwaZulu-Natal. An zaɓe shi don wakiltar ANC a matsayin ɗan majalisa a eThekwini a zaɓen ƙananan hukumomi na 2000.  A lokaci guda kuma, ya koma kwamitin tsakiya na SACP: an zaɓe shi zuwa shekaru biyar a wa'adin mulki a shekara ta 2002, kuma a cikin 2007, shi da wasu biyu - Kay Moonsamy da John Nkadimeng - an haɗa su cikin kwamitin a matsayin "tsofaffin" jam'iyyar. 

A babban zaɓen shekara ta 2004, an zaɓi Mtshali a matsayin wanda zai wakilci jam'iyyar ANC a majalisar dokoki ta ƙasa, 'yan majalisar dokokin Afrika ta Kudu.  Ya yi wa'adi biyu a jere, inda ya sake tsayawa takara a shekara ta 2009, sannan ya fice bayan babban zaɓen shekarar 2014.  A shekara ta 2011, yana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan majalisar da dama da suka nuna rashin amincewa da bulala mai layi uku ta hanyar tsallake kuri'ar da 'yan majalisar suka kaɗa kan kudirin Sirri na jam'iyyar ANC mai cike da cece-kuce, ko da yake dai ba a bayyana ko rashin halartar Mtshali ba ta samu uzuri daga jam'iyyar. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa
Matar Mtshali ta fari ta rasu yana gudun hijira.  daga baya ya sake yin aure da Gcinile Kunene. Yana da 'ya ɗaya da jikoki da dama. Bayan ya bar majalisar, ya yi ritaya zuwa New Jamus, KwaZulu-Natal.  A shekarar 2016, yana ɗaya daga cikin jiga-jigan jam'iyyar ANC su 101 da suka sanya hannu a wata buɗaɗɗiyar wasika da ke nuna damuwa game da "rashin lafiyar da ya samu kungiyarmu" a lokacin shugabancin Jacob Zuma. 

Mtshali ya rasu ne a ranar 12 ga watan Oktoba 2018 a asibitin Inkosi Albert Luthuli dake birnin Durban bayan ya sha fama da rashin lafiya. 

## Girmamawa
Ana kiran wata makarantar sakandare a Wyebank da sunan Mtshali; Ministan lardin KwaZulu-Natal Peggy Nkonyeni ne ya kaddamar da shi a shekarar 2014.  A shekara mai zuwa, a cikin watan Disamba 2015, Shugaba Zuma ya ba Mtshali Order of Mendi don Jarumta a azurfa,  saboda "kyakkyawan gudunmawar da ya bayar wajen yakar gwamnatin zalunci da  nuna wariyar launin fata". ** A watan Yulin shekarar 2017, babban taron jam’iyyar SACP na 14 ya ba shi lambar yabo ta Moses Kotane a matsayin wanda ya yi fice a jam’iyyar, wanda ta fuskar ba shi damar zama mamba a kwamitin tsakiya na jam’iyyar har tsawon rayuwarsa. 

## Duba kuma

* Tarihin Majalisar Wakilan Afirka
* Durban lokacin

## Manazarta