Khaled Mashal

**Khaled Mashal** (Arabic, : **Khālid Mashʿal**, Levantine Arabic, an haife shi a ranar 28 ga Mayu 1956) tsohon shugaban kungiyar Hamas ce ta Falasdinawa.

Bayan kafa Hamas a shekara ta 1987, Mashal ya zama shugaban reshen Kuwait na kungiyar.  A shekara ta 1992, ya zama memba mai kafa politburo na Hamas  da shugabanta. [3] Ya zama sanannen shugaban Hamas bayan Isra'ila ta kashe Sheikh Ahmed Yassin da magajinsa Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi a cikin bazara na shekara ta 2004.   A karkashin jagorancinsa, Hamas ta mamaye duniya ta hanyar lashe mafi yawan kujeru a zaben majalisar dokokin Palasdinawa a shekara ta 2006. Mashal ya sauka a matsayin shugaban politburo na Hamas a ƙarshen iyakar wa'adinsa a shekarar 2017.  

Yaƙin Kwanaki shida a shekarar 1967 ya tilasta wa iyalin Mashal su tsere daga Yammacin Kogin Yamma kuma tun daga wannan lokacin ya zauna a wasu sassan gudun hijirar Larabawa. Saboda haka, an dauke shi wani ɓangare na "shugabancin waje" na Hamas.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Mashal a shekara ta alif 1956 a Silwad a Yammacin Kogin Jordan.  Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Silwad har zuwa aji na biyar. [2] Mahaifinsa, Abd al-Qadir Mashal, [3] manomi ne (*fellah*) kuma ya koma Kuwait a shekara ta alif 1957 don yin aiki a aikin gona kuma a matsayin imam.  Ya shiga cikin tawaye na Larabawa na 1936-1939 tare da shugaban 'yan tawaye na Palasdinawa Abd al-Cadir al-Husayni. 

Bayan yakin kwanaki shida na shekarar 1967, lokacin da Isra'ila ta mamaye West Bank, iyalinsa suka gudu zuwa Jordan kuma, bayan wata daya ko biyu, sun shiga Abd al-Qadir a Kuwait, inda Mashal ya kammala makarantar sakandare. Ya shiga babbar makarantar sakandare ta Abdullah al-Salim a farkon shekarun 1970  kuma ya shiga kungiyar Muslim Brotherhood a shekarar 1971. [2] 

Mashal ya shiga Jami'ar Kuwait a shekara ta 1974, [1] kuma nan da nan ya shiga cikin siyasar dalibai. Ya jagoranci jerin shari'ar Musulunci (*qa'imat al-haq al-islamiyya*) a cikin zaben Janar na Daliban Palasdinawa (GUPS) a shekarar 1977.  Jerin ya dogara ne akan ƙungiyar Musulunci ta Falasdinawa, wani ɓangare na Muslim Brotherhood. [2] An soke zaben GUPS kuma ya kafa Kungiyar Musulunci ga Daliban Palastina (*al-rabiyya* al-islam tola liab filastin).

Yayinda yake dan shekara 19, Mashal ya ziyarci tarihin Palasdinu a 1975 na watanni biyu a karo na farko tun lokacin da aka fara mamayewa a 1967. Ya sami damar yin tafiya sosai a cikin Isra'ila da yankunan da aka mamaye. Tafiyar ta zurfafa yadda yake ji game da ƙasarsa da kuma yadda yake ji na asarar a cikin 1948 da 1967.

## Kasancewa cikin Hamas
Bayan kammala karatunsa, Mashal ya zama malami kuma ya koyar da kimiyyar lissafi a Kuwait har zuwa shekara ta 1984.  A shekara ta 1983, ƙungiyar Islama ta Falasdinawa ta shirya taron cikin gida, wanda ya haɗa da wakilai daga West Bank, Gaza Strip da 'yan gudun hijirar Palasdinawa daga ƙasashen Larabawa. Taron ya kafa harsashin tushe don kirkirar Hamas.  Mashal ya kasance wani ɓangare na jagorancin aikin.  Bayan 1984, ya ba da kansa ga aikin a cikakken lokaci. [3] Lokacin da Iraki ta mamaye Kuwait a watan Agustan 1990, shi da sauran jagorancin Hamas a Kuwait sun koma Jordan.

Mashal ya kasance memba ne na kafa politburo na Hamas,  kuma an zabe shi shugaban a shekarar 1996, [2] bayan da aka daure wanda ya riga shi Mousa Mohammed Abu Marzook a shekarar 1995.

### Yunkurin kisan kai
A ranar 25 ga Satumba 1997, jami'an Mossad da ke aiki a karkashin umarnin Firayim Minista Benjamin Netanyahu da ma'aikatar tsaro sun yi ƙoƙari su kashe shi. Jami'an sun shiga Jordan a kan fasfo na Kanada na karya kuma sun yi kama da masu yawon bude ido.  Biyu daga cikinsu sun jira a ƙofar ofisoshin Hamas a babban birnin Jordan Amman, kuma, yayin da Mashal ya shiga ofishinsa, daya daga cikinsu ya zo daga baya kuma ya riƙe na'urar zuwa kunnen hagu na Mashal wanda ya watsa guba mai saurin aiki.  Masu tsaron jiki na Mashal sun kasance masu tuhuma ga harin da suka kama su. [3] Sauran jami'an sun fara fitar da su.

Nan da nan bayan lamarin, Sarki Hussein na Jordan ya bukaci Netanyahu ya juya maganin maganin guba, yana barazanar yanke dangantakar diflomasiyya da kuma gwada jami'an Mossad da aka tsare. [1] Sarki Hussein ya ji tsoron cewa mutuwar shugaban Hamas zai haifar da tashin hankali a mulkinsa, watakila ma yakin basasa. Netanyahu ya ki, kuma lamarin ya karu da sauri a cikin muhimmancin siyasa. Tare da dangantakar Isra'ila da Jordan da ke lalacewa cikin sauri, Sarki Hussein ya yi barazanar soke zaman lafiya na tarihi na 1994 tsakanin kasashen biyu idan Mashal ya mutu. [1] Shugaban Amurka Bill Clinton ya shiga tsakani kuma ya tilasta Netanyahu ya juya maganin. 

Shugaban Mossad, Danny Yatom, ya tashi zuwa Jordan, tare da yardar Netanyahu, ya kawo maganin maganin don kula da Mashal. Likitoci a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Sarki Hussein, inda Mashal ya kwanta a cikin coma, sun lura da alamun Mashal don ya dace da yawan maganin opioid.  Sun ba da maganin, wanda ya ceci rayuwar Mashal.

A cewar Ronen Bergman bisa ga tushen IDF na ciki, maganin Mashal kawai ya sami sakin jami'an Mossad Kidon guda biyu da ke aiwatar da yunkurin kisan kai. Akalla wasu jami'an Mossad guda shida da ke cikin ayyukan sun kasance a cikin Ofishin Jakadancin Isra'ila. Sarki Hussein zai sake su ne kawai idan Isra'ila ta saki Ahmed Yassin da sauran fursunonin Palasdinawa da yawa. Sarki Hussein yana buƙatar buƙatun su kasance "ya isa don ba da damar sarki ya iya karewa a fili don sakin ƙungiyar da aka buga".

A cikin wata hira da aka yi da shi a shekara ta 2008, Mashaal ya ce game da yunkurin da aka yi wa rayuwarsa: "[Ya] sa na zama mai kyau game da rayuwa. Na zama mafi ƙarfin zuciya a fuskar mutuwa. Bangaskiyar ta zama mai ƙarfi cewa mutum ba ya mutuwa har sai lokacinsa ya zo. Wato, zan mutu lokacin da Allah ya yanke shawara, ba lokacin da Mossad ya yanke shawara ba. Har ila yau, ya sa na ƙara ƙuduri wajen cika alhakina. "

## Manazarta

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi

An haife shi a Mashal a shekara ta alif 1956 a Silwad a yankin Yammacin Kogin Jordan. Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Silwad har zuwa aji na biyar. Mahaifinsa, Abd al-Qadir Mashal,  manomi ne (*Fellah*) kuma ya koma Kuwait a shekarata 1957 don yin aiki a aikin gona da kuma imam.  Ya shiga cikin tawaye na Larabawa na a shekarata alif 1936 zuwa shekarar alif 1939 tare da shugaban 'yan tawaye na Palasdinawa Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni .  Abduqalder yana yin shekaru 20 a kurkuku a Amurka don tallafawa Hamas ta hanyar Gidauniyar Ƙasar Mai Tsarki don Taimako da Ci gaba.

Bayan Yaƙin Kwanaki shida na shekarar alif 1967, lokacin da Isra'ila ta mamaye West Bank, iyalinsa suka gudu zuwa Jordan kuma, bayan wata daya ko biyu, sun shiga Abd al-Qadir a Kuwait, inda Mashal ya kammala makarantar sakandare. Ya shiga babbar makarantar sakandare ta Abdullah al-Salim a farkon shekarun alif 1970  kuma ya shiga kungiyar Muslim Brotherhood a shekarar alif 1971. 

Mashal ya shiga Jami'ar Kuwait a shekarata alif 1974,  kuma nan da nan ya shiga cikin siyasar dalibai. Ya jagoranci jerin shari'ar Musulunci (*qa'imat al-haq al-islamiyya*) a zaben Janar Union of Palestinian Students (GUPS) a shekarar alif 1977. Ya kammala karatunsa tare da digiri na farko na kimiyya a fannin kimiyyar lissafi a shekarar alif 1978.

Yayinda yake dan shekara 19, Mashal ya ziyarci tarihin Palasdinu a shekarata alif 1975 na watanni biyu a karo na farko tun lokacin da aka fara mamayewa a shekarata alif 1967. Tafiyar ta zurfafa yadda yake ji game da ƙasarsa da kuma yadda yake ji na asarar a cikin shekarar alif 1948 da shekarata alif 1967.