open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Yaren Taba

**Taba** (wanda aka fi sani da East Makian ko **Makian Dalam**) yare ne na Malayo-Polynesian na ƙungiyar Kudancin Halmahera-West New Guinea . Ana magana  shi galibi a tsibirin Makian, Kayoa da kudancin Halmahera a lardin Arewacin Maluku na Indonesia da kusan mutane 20,000.

## Harsuna
Akwai ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin yaren tsakanin dukkan ƙauyuka a tsibirin Makian inda ake magana da Taba. Yawancin bambance-bambance suna shafar kalmomi kaɗan kawai. Ɗaya  cikin abubuwan da aka fi sani da su shine amfani da  a cikin Waikyon da Waigitang, inda a wasu ƙauyuka  aka riƙe shi daga Proto-South Halmaheran . [1]

## Yankin da aka rarraba
zuwa shekara ta 2005, Ethnologue ya lissafa Taba kamar yadda yake da yawan masu magana kusan 20,000; duk da haka, masana harsuna sun yi jayayya cewa wannan adadi na iya kasancewa a ko'ina tsakanin 20,000 da 50,000. Ana yawan magana da yaren a tsibirin Makian na Gabas, kodayake ana samunsa a tsibirin Kudancin Mori, tsibirin Kayoa, tsibirin Bacan da Obi da kuma yammacin gabar kudancin Halmahera.  ila yau, an ci gaba da ƙaurawar masu magana zuwa wasu yankuna na Arewacin Maluku saboda yawan fashewar dutsen wuta a tsibirin Makian. Tsibirin da kansa gida ne ga harsuna biyu: Taba, wanda ake magana a gefen gabashin tsibirin, da kuma yaren Papuan da ake magana a yammacin, wanda aka fi sani da West Makian ko Makian Luar (Makian na waje); a Taba, wannan yaren an san shi da  ('Taba na waje'), yayin da masu magana da shi da Moi.

## Matsayin magana
Taba ya  kashi uku daban-daban na magana: alus,  da .

Ana amfani da , ko 'mai tsabta' Taba, a yanayin da mai magana ke magana da wani wanda ya tsufa ko kuma ya fi mai magana da kansa Matsayi.

, ko 'na yau da kullun' Taba, ana amfani dashi a mafi yawan yanayi.

, ko nau'in Taba 'mai laushi', ana amfani dashi ne kawai da wuya kuma gabaɗaya cikin fushi.

## Fasahar sauti
Taba tana da ƙamus goma sha biyar na asali, da ƙamus huɗu na aro:  . Wadannan an nuna su a kasa:

Kalmomin na iya samun farawa mai rikitarwa kawai a farkon sassan morphemic. Ƙananan syllable na Taba ya ƙunshi wasali ɗaya kawai, yayin da mafi girman tsarin syllable ya kasance CCVC (akwai wasu misalai na CCCVC daga Dutch). Tsarin CCVC, duk da haka, ana samunsa ne kawai a cikin sassan da ke faruwa a farkon morphemes; sassan da ba na farko ba suna da tsarin CVC mafi girma. Yawancin kalmomi sune mono- ko disyllabic.

Dukkanin consonants ban  /j/, /w/, /r/, da /dʒ/ za a iya haɗa su. Gemi na iya faruwa kalma-da farko, misali, tala "parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"gloss","href":"./Template:Gloss"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"to meet"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwsQ" typeof="mw:Transclusion">'"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IPA","href":"./Template:IPA"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"/tala/"},"lang":{"wt":"mky"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwrw" lang="mky-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" typeof="mw:Transclusion">/tala/  vs.   'mun (har ma) haduwa'. [1]  masu magana sun rage /hː/ zuwa [h]. 'a iya yin amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga na farko (misali,  na iya zama  ko ).

## Manazarta
Jude Akuwudike

**Jude Akuwudike** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1965) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Najeriya.  fi aiki a Ƙasar Ingila, a kan allo da kuma mataki.

Ya bayyana a cikin shirye-shiryen Royal Shakespeare Company da Royal National Theatre .

## Rayuwa ta farko

An haife shi a Najeriya, Afirka ta Yamma,  Akuwudike ya zo Burtaniya kuma ya yi karatu a Kwalejin St Augustine a Westgate-on-Sea, Kent, makarantar kwana ta Roman Katolika mai zaman kanta.  shekara ta 1985, ya fara horo don aikin wasan kwaikwayo a Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, ya kammala a shekara ta 1987.

## Sana'a
A shekara ta 1988, Akuwudike ya buga Kyaftin Watkin Tench a cikin Our Country's Good a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Royal Court .  F fitowarsa a fim din ya kasance a cikin wannan shekarar, a matsayin firist a cikin A World Apart . [1]  muhimmin rawar  ya taka ya zo ne a shekarar 1989 a cikin wasan kwaikwayon The Fatherland na Murray Watts, a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bush a Riverside, [1] kuma muhimmin bangare na farko a talabijin shine a matsayin Sergeant Gummer a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Virtual Murder (1991). 

Throughout his career, Akuwudike has worked mainly on stage, including appearing in several productions for the National Theatre, notably *Not About Nightingales*, *Moon on a Rainbow Shawl*, and *Ion*. He has also appeared for the Royal Shakespeare Company, as well as working on Broadway. He has also had many roles in film and television and is a voice actor.

 cikin 1998, a cikin samarwar Burtaniya ta farko na Not About Nightingales na Tennessee Williams, wanda Trevor Nunn ya jagoranta a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa, Akuwudike ya samo asali ne daga ɓangaren "Sarauniya", fursuna ɗan luwaɗi.  shekara ta 2002 ya taka rawar baki a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Royal National na *Edmond*, tare da Kenneth Branagh a cikin rawar da take takawa.

 Fabrairu zuwa Mayu 2011, Akuwudike shine Abel Magwitch a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Ingilishi na *Babban Bincike* (wanda Tanika Gupta ya daidaita), tare da Lynn Farleigh a matsayin Miss Havisham . 

 cikin fim din Cary Joji Fukunaga Beasts of No Nation (2015), Akuwudike ya buga Babban Kwamandan Dada Goodblood, shugaban wata kasar da ba a san sunanta ba ta Yammacin Afirka da yakin basasa ya ragargaje.

 watan Satumbar 2018, an ba da sanarwar cewa an jefa Akuwudike tare da Joe Cole da Sope Dirisu a cikin sabon jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Cinemax da ake kira Gangs of London, sannan a cikin samarwa.

## Hotunan fina-finai

### Fina-finai

### Talabijin

### Mataki

## Manazarta
Seun Akindele

**Seun Akindele**Listenⓘ  is a Nigerian actor.

## Early life and education
An haifi Akindele a ranar 7 ga Oktoba. Duk da kasancewa ɗan asalin Jihar Ekiti, Akindele ya girma a Jos. Yana da digiri a tarihi da alakar kasa da kasa daga Jami'ar Jihar Legas .

## Ayyuka
Akindele wasan kwaikwayo a shekara ta 2005 bayan ya shiga Amstel Malta Box Office .   2011 Best of Nollywood Awards, Akindele ya lashe kyautar don "mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo" na shekara a cikin bita. An zabi shi don "mafi kyawun sumba a fim" tare da Yvonne Jegede don rawar da suka taka a The Ex a shekarar 2015.  kuma sami "mafi kyawun mai ba da tallafi" ga Miss Taken .

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Akindele  auri Toun a shekarar 2016. 

## Hotunan fina-finai

* *[[My Woman (2019 film)|Matata]]* 2019 a matsayin Faisar
* *[[Nation Under Siege|Al'ummar da ke Kewaye]]*
* *[[Da yake Mrs Elliot|Kasancewar Mrs Elliot]]*
* *[[Girls Are Not Smiling|<nowiki/>'Yan mata Ba Sa Murmushi]]*
* *[[The Antique (fim)|Tsohon fim din]]*
* *[[The Banker (fim na 2015)|Bankin (fim na 2015)]]*
* *[[The Department(fim)|Ma'aikatar (fim)]]*
* *[[Dazzling Mirage|Mirage mai ban sha'awa]]*
* *[[Heroes and Villains (fim)|Jarumai da Villains]]*
* Abin da ke sa ka yi tsalle (2016) a matsayin Nosa Okojie

## Manazarta
Ayo Akinwale

**Ayobami Akinwale**  (1946 - 13 Satumba 2020) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Najeriya, furodusa, kuma masanin kimiyya.

## Rayuwa ta farko da aiki
An haife shi a Ibadan kuma ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Methodist da Jami'ar Ibadan kafin ya fara aikin ilimi a matsayin malami a Polytechnic Ibadan .   kasance Dean, na Faculty of Arts and Culture na Jami'ar Ilorin. Ya kuma kasance shugaban Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Oyo don Fasaha da Al'adu. Ya kasance alƙali a bukukuwan al'adu da yawa a duk faɗin Najeriya.  fara aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo a cikin shekarun 1970s yana fitowa a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin da wasan kwaikwayo.  lashe lambar yabo ta 'yan wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau a 4th Africa Movie Academy Awards .

## Mutuwa
Ya mutu ne saboda ɗan gajeren rashin lafiya a asibitin koyarwa na Jami'ar Ilorin yana da shekaru 74. 

## Hotunan da aka zaɓa

* *[[Sango (fim)|Sango]]<nowiki/>alif dari tara da casa'in da bakwai (1997) *
* *Ladepo Omo Adanwo* (2005) 
* Iran Aje (2007) 
* Diamonds A cikin Sama (2019) 

## Manazarta
Martuthunira language

**Martuthunira** wani yare ne na asalin Ostraliya, wanda shine harshen gargajiya na Mutanen Martuthunira na Yammacin Australia.

Mai magana da Martuthunira na karshe, Algy Paterson, ya mutu a ranar 6 ga watan Agusta a shekarar 1995. Daga 1980 ya yi aiki tare da masanin harshe Alan Dench don adana Martuthunira a rubuce, kuma daga aikinsu ne mafi yawan iliminmu na Martuthunura a yau ya zo.

## Sunan
Sunan *Martuthunira*, wanda masu  da asali ke furta, yana nufin "waɗanda ke zaune a kusa da Kogin Fortescue". Yana da bambance-bambance da yawa, ciki har da: ***'Mardatuna***', ***'Mardudhunira***', **Mardathon**, **Mardathoni**, **Mardathoonera**, ***'Mardutunera***', **Mardudhoonera**, **Mardudhunera**, **Marduthunira**, **Mardudjungara**, **Marduduna**, **Mardudunera**, Marduthhunira, Sardutunera, **Mardutunira**, **Marduyunira**, **Martuthinya**, da **Martuyhunira**.

## Rarraba
An rarraba Martuthunira a matsayin memba na reshen Ngayarta na yarukan Pama-Nyungan . A karkashin rarrabuwa na Carl Georg von Brandenstein na 1967, an sanya Martuthunira a matsayin harshen Ngayarda na Coastal, amma rarraba harsunan Ngayarda zuwa kungiyoyin Coastal da Inland ba a sake la'akari da inganci ba.

## Fasahar sauti
Martuthunira tana da daidaitattun sauti na Australiya. R. M. W. Dixon ya yi amfani da shi a matsayin misali mai mahimmanci a cikin littafinsa na 2002 Australian Languages: Su nature and development .

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

 gefe - amma watakila ba hanci ba - suna da allophonically prestopped.

Tsayar da laminal  yana da muryar murya  tsakanin wasula.

< na iya zama , [ð], [[[], , , ko ma kawai raguwar syllable. A wasu kalmomi ana amfani da wani abu na musamman, a wasu akwai bambancin kyauta.

Tsayar da alveolar  yana da muryar murya  bayan hanci. Yana faruwa tsakanin wasula kawai a cikin kalmomi kaɗan, mai yiwuwa duk kalmomin aro, inda yake da tsawon lokacin rufewa fiye da sauran tsayawa .

Tsayar  retroflex yana da muryar murya  bayan hanci, da kuma muryar muryar murmushi [ɖ] tsakanin wasula.

Baya ga maganganun murya da aka ambata a sama, tsayawa yawanci ba su da murya kuma ba su da numfashi.
Yaren Maskelynes

**Maskelynes** (/ˈmæskəlɪns/), ko **Kuliviu** (**Uliveo**), yare ne na Oceanic da ake magana a Tsibirin Maskelyne a kudancin Malekula, Vanuatu

## Fasahar sauti

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

*  suna cikin bambancin kyauta kamar yadda ba a sake shi ba [mb, nd́, bg] ko kuma ba a san su ba  kalma-a ƙarshe ko kafin ma'anar [1] /ŋg/ kuma yana cikin bambancin 'yanci kamar yadda aka saba da shi [ŋ] kalma-ƙarshen, musamman tsakanin matasa masu magana [3]
**  kuma yana cikin bambancin kyauta kamar yadda nasal  kalma-a ƙarshe, musamman tsakanin matasa masu magana [1]
*  an gane shi a matsayin mara murya  tsakanin wasu masu magana, musamman matasa [1]
*  ba a sake su ba a ƙarshe ko a gaban ma'anar (ko da yake  ba a taɓa yin rikodin kafin ma'anar ba) [1]
*  sun rasa kalmomin labialization-a ƙarshe lokacin da ba a bi su da wasali ba kuma kafin  [1] /mbw / yana cikin bambancin kyauta kamar yadda aka buga [mī] (an buga [mā] a cikin Peskarus) kafin /u / kuma wani lokacin kafin /ə / [2]
**  yana cikin bambancin kyauta kamar yadda aka yi wa [mī] (an buga [mī]) a cikin Peskarus) kafin  kuma wani lokacin kafin  [1]
*  shine  kafin ƙayyadaddun murya [1]
*  su ne a gaban ƙayyadaddun murya da kalma-a ƙarshe [1]
*  yana cikin bambancin kyauta tare da wasu masu magana [1]
* ="mwtg" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" typeof="mw:Transclusion">/w, j/  sune murya [u, i] lokacin da suke cikin tsakiya suna bin  [1]

### Sautin sautin

*  yana kusa da  tsakanin sassan gaba [1]
*  yana kusa da tsakiya  kalma-a ƙarshe [1]
*  shine  bayan ƙayyadaddun labovela ko kafin /xuʹ/ [1]
*  an fahimci su a matsayin nau'ikan guda ɗaya, 
*  an gane shi a matsayin gaba [y] tsakanin ƙayyadaddun gaba, da kusa da  lokacin da aka ci gaba ko aka riga shi da ƙayyadadden baya [1]
*  shine gaba  tsakanin sassan gaba [1]

#### Sautin da ba shi da murya
Rashin murya  faruwa a ƙarshen kalmomi.  a tabbatar da ko allophone ne na  ko kuma sauti daban ba [1]

### Fonotactics
Ts sashi mai yuwuwa a Maskelynes: (C / S) V (S) (C) [1]

### Wasiƙa zuwa sauti

## Manazarta
Yaren Matis

**Matis** harshe ne da ƴan asalin ƙasar Matis ke magana da shi a jihar Amazonas a ƙasar Brazil.

## Tarihi
Yaduwar cututtukan kasashen waje kamar mura da kyanda sun kara tsanantawa tare da karuwar masu amfani da roba da masu katako a yankin, da kuma rashin gargadi da taimakon likita daga IAP.  ta kewaye ainihin adadin 'yan asalin Matis waɗanda suka mutu daga fuskantar cututtukan kasashen waje, amma ƙididdigar da za su iya nuna cewa 35-50% na yawan jama'a sun mutu, tare da yara da dattawa da ke da mummunar tasiri. Daga baya Funai  sake mayar da Matis zuwa yankin Boeiro, kuma wannan canjin wuri tare da canjin yawan jama'a ya sa kungiyar ta ragargaje zuwa kungiyoyi biyu daban-daban waɗanda har yanzu suna nan a yau. Sabon karancin sina da ake da su don shirya kayan gargajiya don farauta da al'ada ya sa kungiyar ta canza daga mai motsawa sosai zuwa mafi yawan zama, kuma ta haifar da rikici da yawa a cikin rukuni.

Tare da gabatar da rashin lafiya ga al'ummomin Matis na asali, an sami rikici tsakanin al'ummomi na Matis da Korubo da ke zaune a cikin Vale do Javari .  An ce Matis a cikin karni na ashirin sun sace mata biyu daga al'ummar Korubo saboda karancin mata a cikin su. Mutanen Korubo tun da lokacin sun kai hari ga kakannin Matis (Txami) waɗanda suka koma Kogin Coari don fara nasu shuke-shuke. Rikicin da aka yi kwanan nan tsakanin waɗannan kungiyoyi ya haifar da ƙiyayya mai tsawo, sace-sacen, da kisan kai.

Amincewa  tasirin waje ya bambanta dangane da tsararraki a cikin al'umma. Dattawa sun  jinkiri, yayin da wasu tsararraki na Matis na zamani sun fi karɓar makarantu da tasirin zamani.  Trabalho Indigenista (CTI) cibiyar ilimi ce da aka kafa a 1979 don ilimantar da tsararraki na yanzu da na gaba na membobin iyalin yaren Pano. Don tabbatar  rayuwar al'adu ga Matis da sauran kungiyoyin 'yan asalin ƙasar a cikin Vale de Javari, Cibiyar Trabalho Indigenista tana amfani da farfesa waɗanda' yan asalin ƙasar suka zaba don tabbatar da dabi'un al'adunsu, ayyukan yau da kullun, kuma mafi mahimmanci, ana kiyaye harsuna zuwa ƙa'idodinsu.

## Ilimin Harshe

### Fasahar sauti

## Manazarta
Harshen Nilotic

**Harsunan Nilotic** rukuni ne na harsuna masu alaƙa da ake magana a fadin yanki mai faɗi tsakanin Sudan ta Kudu da Tanzania ta Mutanen Nilotic.

## Magana
Kalmar Nilotic tana nufin  alaƙa da Kogin Nilu ko yankin Nilu na Afirka.

## Yawan jama'a
Mutanen Nilotic, waɗanda suke magana da harsuna, sun yi ƙaura daga yankin Gezira a Sudan. Masu magana  yaren Nilotic suna zaune a wasu sassan Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, Habasha, Kenya, Sudan, Sudan ta Kudu, Tanzania da Uganda.

## Rarrabawar
A cewar masanin harshe Joseph Greenberg, dangin harshe ya kasu kashi uku: 

* Harsunan Nilotic na Gabas kamar Turkana da Maasai
* Harsunan Kudancin Nilotic kamar Kalenjin da Datooga
* Harsunan Yammacin Nilotic kamar su Luo, Nuer da Dinka

sake rarraba Greenberg, an yi amfani da Nilotic don komawa ga Yammacin Nilotic kadai, tare da sauran biyun da aka haɗa su a matsayin harsunan "Nilo-Hamitic"..

Blench (2012) yana bi da yarukan Burun a matsayin rukuni na huɗu na Nilotic .  A cikin rarrabuwa da suka gabata, an haɗa harsunan a cikin yarukan Luo. Starostin (2015) yana bi da yarukan Mabaan-Burun a matsayin "West Nilotic" amma a waje da matakin Luo.

## Sake ginawa
Fiye da tushen ƙamus na Proto-Nilotic 200 Dimmendaal ya sake gina su (1988). Dimmendaal ya sake gina sassan proto Nilotic kamar haka:

## Lambobin
Kwatanta lambobi a cikin harsuna daban-daban: 

## Dubi kuma

* Mutanen Nilotic
* Harsunan Paranilotic
* Harsunan Nilo-Sahara
* Harsunan Kir-Abbaian
*  (Wiktionary) 

## Ƙarin karantawa

* Starostin, George. 2017. *[https://starling.rinet.ru/confer/Starostin-2017.pdf A kan batun rikice-rikice na yanki-genetic a cikin ƙamus na asali: makomar ʽmoonʼ a yankin Macro-Sudanic]*. Taron Tunawa da Sergei Starostin na shekara-shekara na 12 a kan Tarihin Harshe (RSUH, Maris 23-24, 2017).

## Manazarta

*  

## Haɗin waje

* Nilotic, Michael Cysouw
* Iyalin Harshe na Nilotic, Doris Payne
Harshen Omotik

**Omotik** (Sawas) yare ne na Nilotic na ƙasar Kenya. Masu farauta da masu tarawa Omotik na Great Rift Valley ne ke magana da shi a cikin Maasai; sannan yawancin Mutanen Omotik sun koma Harshen Maasai.  

## Manazarta
Yaren Orma

**Orma** wani nau'i ne na yaren Oromo da Mutanen Orma ke magana da shi a Kenya. Yaren gabilin Kudancin Oromo ne.

## Manazarta

* Hoskins (2011) Phonology na harshen Orma
Patrick Lualua Jr

**Patrick Lualua Jr ''wanda aka fi sani da*** *Daraktan P'''', mai shirya fim ne na Zambiya-Kongo.
         

Ya shahara a matsayin darektan fim ɗin da aka yaba da shi Killface.   Bayan kasancewarsa darektan fina-finai, Patrick kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne, marubuci, furodusa, kuma mawaƙi.

## Rayuwa da Ilimi
Patrick Lualua Jr ɗan asalin Kongo ne amma an haife shi a Kitwe, Zambia, inda ya kasance tun yana yaro. A shekara ta 2011, ya koma tare da iyalinsa zuwa Kanada.  Ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Katolika ta St. Jean de Brébeuf kuma ya sami ilimin kwaleji a makarantar fina-finai ta Toronto inda ya yi karatu a fannin fim.

## Ayyuka

### Fim
Patrick Lualua Jr ya fara aikinsa a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ta hanyar fitowa a fim ɗin One Block Too Far (2018),  amma daga ƙarshe ya ci gaba da jagorantar gajeren fim ɗinsa na farko Killface, wanda ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar. A matsayinsa na mai shirya fina-finai, Patrick ya sami nasarori da yawa na fasaha da kasuwanci. Fim ɗinsa na  farko Killface ya ba shi kyautar Best Short Film a Vegas Movie Awards a shekarar 2019 wanda ya bunƙasa aikinsa a matsayin mai yin fim na cikakken lokaci. kafa kamfanin samar da fina-finai, Lupasa Production a cikin shekarar 2018. A cikin shekarar 2018, Patrick ya fara shirinsa wanda ya rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da taken Desree Crooks Doc. An samar da shirin ne a matsayin haraji ga marigayi littafin Desree Crooks mai suna Nzingha, wanda ya yi magana game da babban jarumi na Angola.D baya a cikin shekarar 2020 ya rubuta fim ɗinsa na uku, Last 24 Hours , wanda Jeremy Lusambya ya jagoranta tare da goyon bayan Lupasa Films Production, kamfanin samar da shi.

### Waƙoƙi
An saki waƙarsa ta farko Mama a ranar 12 ga watan Mayun shekarar 2020. Tun daga wannan lokacin ya ci gaba da fitar da Show Me, Masoko na dollar, Turn Up, They Know Me, Lelo da sauransu.

## Hotunan fina-finai
Fim ɗin Patrick Lualua Jr ya haɗa da: 

## Kyaututtuka
Fim ɗin da Patrick ya shirya Killface, wanda ya fito da Jeremy Lusambya da Qi Lin ya lashe kyautar  Kyautattun Fim a Vegas Movie Awards a shekarar 2019.

## Manazarta
Yaren Maia

**Maia** yare ne na Papuan da ake magana a Lardin Madang na Papua New Guinea, kuma memba ne na dangin yaren Trans-New Guinea .  Yana da matsayin haɗarin harshe na 6a, wanda ke nufin cewa harshe ne mai ƙarfi da ɗorewa wanda dukkan tsararraki ke magana.  da ƙididdigar 2000, akwai kusan masu magana da yaren 4,500, waɗanda aka raba tsakanin ƙauyuka ashirin da biyu a cikin gundumar Almani na gundumar Bogia.

Akwai bambance-bambance a cikin Maia da ake magana tsakanin ƙauyuka, amma ana iya rarraba su gabaɗaya zuwa yare biyu na farko. Daga cikin wadannan yaruka biyu, Babban Yaren yana da asusun kusan kashi uku cikin hudu na masu magana kuma Yaren Kudancin yana da ashin sauran kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu. Bambance-bambance na Babban Yaren yana da tabbas tare da ƙananan bambance-bambancen furtawa. Bayanan  aka gabatar a cikin wannan labarin ya dogara ne akan yaren Wagedav, yaren Main Dialect da ake magana a ƙauyen Wagedav.

Sauran sunayen yaren sune Banar, Pila, Saki, Suaro, Turutap, da Yakiba .

## Fasahar sauti
Abubuwan da ke cikin Maia suna da ɗan ƙarami, kamar yadda yake a cikin harsuna daga Papua New Guinea.

A wasu lokuta, ana canza wasula da ƙamus ko share su a cikin kalma. Wadannan ka'idojin morphophonemic suna da cikakkun bayanai a cikin wannan sashe.

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi
Tebur mai zuwa yana  da cikakkun bayanai game da waɗannan sautunan da allophones ga kowannensu, idan akwai.

Maganar labiovelar mai kusanci /w/ ita ce kawai ma'anar wurare da yawa a cikin Maia.

### Sautin sautin

## Manazarta
Harshen arewacin Coast Bantu

**Harsunan Bantu na Arewa maso Gabas** Gabas sune yarukan Bantu da ake magana a bakin tekun ƙasat  Tanzania da kuma Kenya, gami da cikin Tanzania har zuwa Dodoma .  A cikin Rarrabawar ƙasa ta Guthrie, sun fada cikin yankunan Bantu G da E.

Harsuna, ko rukuni, sune:

* Pare-Taveta (G20+E70):
** Pareic
*** Sai dai, Mbugu
** Taveta
* **Sabaki** (G40+E70): Swahili, Nyika, Comorian da sauransu.*da dai sauransu.*
* **Seuta** (G20+G30): Shambala, Bondei, Zigula (MushuNgulu), Ngulu
* **Ruvu** (G30+G10): Gogo, Sagara, Vidunda, Kaguru, Luguru, Kutu, Kami, Zaramo, Kwere, DoeMutumin

Harsunan Ruvu suna da kama da 60-70% a cikin ƙamus.

Mbugu (Ma'a) yare ne mai gauraye wanda ya dogara da Pare .

## Bayani
Tangwang language

The **Tangwang language** ()  is a variety of Mandarin Chinese heavily influenced by the Mongolic Santa language (Dongxiang). It is spoken in a dozen or so villages in Dongxiang Autonomous County, Gansu Province, China. The linguist Mei W. Lee-Smith calls this creole language the "Tangwang language" (), based on the names of the two largest villages (Tangjia 唐家 and Wangjia 汪家, parts of Tangwang town) where it is spoken.

## Masu magana
A cewar Lee-Smith (1996), kusan mutane 20,000 da ke zaune a arewa maso gabashin yankin Dongxiang Autonomous County (Tangwang town) ne ke magana da harshen Tangwang. Wadannan mutane suna nuna kansu a matsayin Dongxiang (Santa) ko Mutanen Hui. Masu magana  Tangwang ba sa magana da yaren Dongxiang.

## Bayyanawa
Harshen Tangwang yana amfani da yawancin kalmomin Mandarin da morphemes tare da harshen Dongxiang. Baya  kalmomin aro na Dongxiang, Tangwang kuma yana da adadi mai yawa na kalmomin aro na Larabci da Farisa.

Kamar misali Mandarin, Tangwang yare ne na sauti. , ƙwayoyin ilimin lissafi, waɗanda galibi ana aro su daga Mandarin amma ana amfani da su a hanyar da za a yi amfani da Dongxiang a Dongxiang, ba sa ɗaukar sautuna.

Misali, yayin da  romanization" typeof="mw:Transclusion">*-m**-maza*'anar jam'i ta Mandarin -men (men) tana da ƙuntataccen amfani (ana iya amfani da shi tare da sunayen sirri da wasu sunayen da suka shafi mutane), Tangwang yana amfani da shi, a cikin nau'in -m, a duniya, hanyar da Dongxiang zai yi amfani da ma'auni na jam'i -la. Ana iya amfani  wakilin Mandarin nǐ (你) a cikin Tangwang a matsayin ma'anar mallaka (ma'anar "ku").

Ba kamar Mandarin ba, amma kamar Dongxiang, Tangwang yana da shari'o'in ilimin lissafi (amma hudu ne kawai daga cikinsu, maimakon takwas a Dongxiang). 

Tsarin kalma na Tangwang daidai yake da nau'in Dongxiang batun-abu-kalma.

Tangwang ya haɗu da halaye na Mandarin Sinanci da Dongxiang Mongolian .  Harshen haɗe-haɗe alama ce ta haɗakar harshe.  cewar Lee-Smith, Hanyar siliki Road ce ta haifar da cakuda.

## Duba kuma

* Harshen Wutun

## Manazarta

## Ƙarin karantawa
Yaren Palawano

Ana magana da yarukan **[[Palawan]]** a lardin Palawan a cikin Philippines, ta Mutanen Palawano. 

## Rarraba
Akwai harsuna uku na Palawano: *Quezon Palawano* (PLC) wanda aka fi sani da Central Palawano; Brooke's Point Palawano (PLW) da yaren *Bugsuk Palawano* ko Southwest Palawano da Southwest Palawan (PLV). Harsunan Palawano gu uku suna raba tsibirin tare da wasu harsunan Palawanic da yawa waɗanda ba sa cikin rukunin Palawano, kodayake suna da ƙamus mai yawa.

## Fasahar sauti
Bayani mai zuwa ya dogara ne akan Revel-MacDonald (1979). 

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

### Sautin sautin

## Harshen harshe
Magana ta kalma tana kama da sauran yarukan Filipino tare da prefixes da suffixes da ke nuna lokaci, abu ko mai ba da labari, da kuma niyya (watau umarni). Ana iya amfani da waɗannan prefixes da suffixes don ƙirƙirar sassa daban-daban na magana daga kalma ɗaya. Misali, *biyag*, ma'ana 'rayuwa', ana iya sarrafa shi don nufin 'rayuwa' (*megbiyag*), 'cike da abinci' (*Mebiyag*),' 'yi rayuwa' (*ipebiyag*), "rayuwa' a matsayin adjective (*biyagen*), ko 'rayuwa" a matsayin nau'in aikatau na yanzu (biyapebig).

Palawano  kirkiro karamin prefix ta hanyar kwafin CV na farko na tushe tare da ma'anar tushe na ƙarshe: *kusiŋ* ('kat'): *kuŋ-kusiŋ* ('kitten'), *bajuʔ* ('tufafi'): *bäʔ-bajuʔ* ('tufin yara'), *libun* ('mace'): *lin-libun* ('yarinya'), *kunit* ('yellow flycatcher' (tsuntsu)), siak ('hawaye'): sik-siak ('hawaye/ hawaye na hawaye na crocodile').

### Wakilan sunaye
Wa sunayen suna sune sunayen da aka samu a cikin harshen Kudu maso Yammacin Palawano. Lura: ana rarraba shari'ar kai tsaye / mai suna tsakanin cikakkun siffofi da gajerun siffofi.

## Kalmomin kalmomi
Akwai bambance-bambance da yawa na harshe tsakanin kungiyoyin dangin Palawan tare da kalmomi da ke canzawa daga kwarin daya zuwa na gaba (watau *tabo* don 'dutse' da rapid). Ana amfani da Tagalog akai-akai don samar da kalmomin da ba su da yawa a cikin yaren yankin don abubuwa da ayyuka na zamani waɗanda zasu iya haifar da rikicewa, musamman tsakanin matasa, tsakanin Tagalog da Palawan. Mafi sanannun iyali ko ƙauye tare da al'adun ƙasashen Tagalog, mafi yawan yaren ya haɗu. Harshen Palawano ya kuma haɗa da kalmomi masu yawa na Malay a tarihi. Har ila yau, akwai wasu tasirin Cebuano kamar abin da aka nuna a wasu sassan Palawan.

Wasu kalmomin Brooke's Point Palawan sune: 

* Bibila da kuma  - aboki
* Mama - kawun (kuma kalma ce ta girmamawa ga dattijo) 
*  - mahaifiyar (kuma kalma ce ta girmamawa ga tsohuwar mace) 
*  - uwa
* Yana son Allah - uba
* Don haka za a samu damar samun
*  - jakar
*  - tsakar rana
*  - sayen / sayen
*  - tafi
* rapid ko  - dutse
*  - cinye
*  - mai kyau
* , , esing - cat
*  - soyayya

*  - hanyar abokantaka ta tambaya "Ina kake zuwa aboki?", a matsayin hanyar gaisuwa.
* Da sauri, da yawa daga cikin karut - yana nufin 'A can, zuwa dutsen, zan sami jaka.'
* Endey mengagat - wannan yawanci yana nufin kare, a matsayin hanyar da za a ce "kada ku ci"
*  - Ina kake zuwa?
* . - Hawan tudun
* . - Da safe mai kyau
Jonzing World

**Jonzing World** lakabin rikodin Najeriya ne da kamfanin gudanarwa wanda mai yin rikodin D'Prince ya kafa a ranar 22 ga Maris 2019. Ayyukan Jonzing sun haɗa da rikodin kiɗa, siyarwa, abun ciki na bidiyo, alama, da gudanarwa. A halin yanzu lakabin yana da masu fasaha kamar Rema, Gdzilla, da Glorious Boy. Masu zane-zane da suka sanya hannu kan lakabin, sun hada da Ruger. 

## Tarihi
A ranar 22 ga Maris 2019, Charles Enebeli D'Prince ya kafa Jonzing World kuma ya bayyana Rema a matsayin mai sanya hannu na farko. da daɗewa ba bayan sanarwar, Don Jazzy ya yi maraba da Rema zuwa Mavin Global, ƙungiyar Mavin Records.  wannan rana,Rema (musician) ya fitar da wasan kwaikwayo na farko mai suna Rema, wanda ya kai lamba 1 a kan Apple Music Nigeria.  ranar 19 ga watan Janairun 2021, lakabin ya sanya hannu kan Ruger, ta hanyar Sony Music West Africa tare da hadin gwiwa tare da Columbia Records, da Sony Music, ba tare da wata alaƙa da Mavin Records na Mavin Global ba, in ji D'Prince.  ranar 30 ga watan Agustan 2023, D'Prince ya bayyana kuma ya kara da Gdzilla a cikin jerin sunayen masu zane-zane.

A ranar 5 ga Maris 2021, Jonzing World debut Ruger ya kara wasan Pandemic, ta hanyar Sony Music na Sony Music Entertainment UK. 

## Masu zane-zane

### Ayyuka na yanzu

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Yaren Dilling

Dilling (kuma Delen, *Warki*; mai suna: Warki) yare ne na Hill Nubian da ake magana a arewa maso yammacin Dutsen Nubian a kudancin Sudan . Kimanin mutane 12,000 ne ke magana da shi a garin Dilling da tsaunuka da ke kewaye da shi, gami da Kudur. Ethnologue ya ba da rahoton cewa Dilling Yana mutuwa, tare da tsofaffi kawai suna magana da yaren kuma ba sa amfani da shi tare da yaransu. Duk masu magana suna amfani da Larabci na Sudan. Dilling suna kiran kansu *Warki*, yayin da masu magana da Dilling na Kudur ke kiran kansu *Kwashe* .  Wani kabilanci da ke magana da Dilling shine mutanen Debri, kabilanci na dubban mutane daga Kudancin Kurdufan a Sudan

## Harsuna
Dilling yana da yare ɗaya - Debri, wanda ake magana a kan dutsen Gebel Debri, kudu da Ghulfan . 

## Fasahar sauti
Dilling yana da sautuna 9 a,e,ẹ,i,ọ,ǒ,u da kuma sautuna 21 kamar haka (Gebel Delen 1920:3): [cikakken ambaton da ake buƙata] 

## Sunaye
A cikin Dilling babu bambancin jinsi na jinsi a cikin nau'ikan kalmomi, sunaye da kalmomin dangi, don bayyana jinsi a cikin mutum mutum mutum yana ƙara magana don bayyana kamar misali korti (mutum) ko ̆li (mata). Wadannan an kara su ba tare da haɗin kai ba. Tare da dabbobi sunan ya rarraba jinsi da jinsuna, 'shé' "mace saniya" da 'tere' "bull".  (Gebel Delen 1920:40-41) [cikakken ambaton da ake buƙata] 

Dilling ba shi da takamaiman labarai kuma ba takamaiman labaran ba amma yana amfani da sunayen mutum na 3 sg / pl kuma an sanya shi a gaban sunan 'shé id" "mutumin (wanda aka ambata) " (Gebel Delen 1920:42).   [cikakken ambaton da ake buƙata] Ban da sunaye ne kuma Idan sunan yana da halayyar daga baya ana sanya shi a gaba, tsakanin sunan da halayya ko kuma an ninka shi (Gebel Delen 1920:42). [cikakken ambaton da ake buƙata] 

## Wakilan sunaye
Wakilan mutum sune:

e->I

a->Kai

te/te->Ya/ta/shi/shi

I->Muna

u->Kai

ti->Suna

Sau da yawa mutum kawai yana sanya wakilin mutum na farko a gaban aikatau kuma ya bar shi lokacin da yake magana game da mutum na 3 sg / pl ko kuma idan suna so su yi amfani da shi azaman suna lokacin da suke so su jaddada wannan ɓangaren, za su sanya shi a gaban aikatawa.  (Gebel Delen 1920:96) [cikakken ambaton da ake buƙata] 

## Lambobin
An rubuta lambobi 1-29 a cikin Dilling farawa daga lambobi 30 ko dai suna tara lambobi ko kuma an ɗauke su daga Larabci musamman farawa daga 100 (Gebel Delen 1920:90-92).

1 bēn ko ben

2 Oren

3 tọcuṅ (töduṅ) 

4 Tunani

26 tar (be) kwártu kǒ

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Iranian languages

**Harsunan Iranic**, wanda ake kira harsunan Iran,   reshe ne na yarukan Indo-Iranian a cikin dangin yaren Indo-Turai waɗanda Mutanen Iran ke magana da su, galibi a cikin Filin Iran.

An rarraba harsunan Iran a matakai uku: Tsohon Iran (har zuwa 400 KZ), Iran ta Tsakiya (400 KZ - 900 AZ) da Sabon Iran (tun daga 900 AZ). Harsunan Tsohon Iran guda biyu da aka tabbatar kai tsaye sune Tsohon Farisa (daga Daular Achaemenid) da Avesta" id="mwGA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Avestan">Tsohon Avestan (harshen Avesta). Daga cikin yarukan Iran ta Tsakiya, waɗanda aka fi fahimta da rubuce-rubuce sune Farisa ta Tsakiya (daga Daular Sasanian), Parthian (daga Daula ta Parthian), da Bactrian (daga Daulejin Kushan da Hephthalite).

## Adadin masu magana
, akwai kimanin mutane miliyan 150-200 da ke magana da yarukan Iran. Ethnologue ya kiyasta cewa akwai harsuna 86 a cikin rukuni.

## Kalmomin da rukuni
 
The term *Iran* derives directly from Middle Persian , first attested in a third-century inscription at Naqsh-e Rostam, with the accompanying Parthian inscription using the term , in reference to the Iranian peoples. The Middle-Iranian *ērān* and *aryān* are oblique plural forms of gentilic nouns *ēr-* (Middle Persian) and *ary-* (Parthian), both deriving from Proto-Iranian language **arya-* (meaning "Aryan", i.e. "of the Iranians"), recognized as a derivative of Proto-Indo-European language **, meaning "one who assembles (skilfully)". In the Iranic languages spoken on the plateau, the gentilic is attested as a self-identifier, included in ancient inscriptions and the literature of the Avesta, and remains also in other Iranian ethnic names *Alan* ( ) and *Iron* ().

## Manazarta
Ruger (musician)

**Michael Adebayo Olayinka** (an haife shi a ranar 23 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1999), wanda aka fi sani da Ruger, mawaƙi ne kuma marubucin waƙoƙin Afrobeats na Najeriya. Ya zama sananne tare da waƙar "Bounce" kuma ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar rikodin a 2021 tare da Jonzing World .  cikin 2021, ya fitar da EP dinsa na farko, Pandemic .cikin 2024, ya fita daga Jonzing World don fara bugawa, wanda ya kira 'Blown Boy Entertainment'.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Michael Adebayo Olayinka a ranar 23 ga Satumba 1999 a Legas, inda ya girma. Ya fito ne daga Yankin Karamar Hukumar Ijumu na Jihar Kogi.

## Ayyuka
D'Prince ne ya gano Olayinka, wanda ya ba shi sunan "Ruger". Waƙarsa  farko ta rubuta ra'ayoyi miliyan saba'in a cikin kwanaki uku.  watan Janairun 2021, D"Prince ya ba da sanarwar sanya hannu kan Ruger zuwa Jonzing World da Sony Music Entertainment UK, a cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da Columbia Records.

Ya saki waƙar "One Shirt" tare da Rema a watan Janairun 2021. watan Fabrairun 2021, ya *Fadar* da "Ruger", guda daga EP na farko, PANDEMIC. 

"Bounce" ya zama waƙar da aka buga daga Pandemic, kuma ya fara ne a lamba 39 a kan Top 50 chart Najeriya, kuma an jera shi a lamba 20 a kan TurnTable End of the Year chart da lamba 2 a kan Apple Music saman Afrobeats songs. A ranar 26 ga Nuwamba 2021, ya fitar da EP dinsa na biyu, mai taken The Second Wave, tare da "Dior" a matsayin jagora guda, wanda ya fara lamba 32 a kan Top 50 chart, da lamba 15 a kan UK Afrobeats Singles Chart. 

ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 2021, ya fitar da EP na biyu, The Second Wave, wanda Kukbeatz ya samar.  "Dior" ta kai lamba ta 32 a kan ginshiƙi na Top 50, kuma lamba ta 15 a kan UK Afrobeats Singles Chart . AFRIMMA (African Muzik Magazine Awards) wanda aka zaba RUGER don Mafi Kyawun NewComer 2021 AFRIMA (All Africa Music Awards) wanda ya zaba Ruger don Mafi Kyawu Artiste, Duo ko Group a cikin Reggae na Afirka, Ragga ko Dancehall da Mafi Kyawun Artiste na Afirka na shekara.

A watan Fabrairun 2023, an ba Ruger suna Best New Artiste a Soundcity MVP Awards wanda aka gudanar a Cibiyar Taron Eko a Legas. 

## Bayanan da aka yi

### Albums / EPs

* *PANDEMIC* (4 March 2021, Jonzing World)
* *The Second Wave* (19 November 2021, Jonzing World
* *Ru The World* (1 September 2023, Jonzing World)

## References
Yaren Nyen

**Nyenkh''-kha**'' (Dzongkha radar; Wylie: 'Nyen-kha; wanda kuma ake kira "'Nyenkha", "Henkha", "Lap", "Nga Ked", da "Mangsdekha") yare ne na Bodish na Gabas wanda kusan mutane 10,000 ke magana a gabashin, arewacin, da yammacin yankunan Black Mountains .   magana suna zaune  farko tsakanin Tang Chuu zuwa gabas da Mangde Chhu zuwa yamma, daga garin Trongsa a cikin Gundumar Trongsa; tare da Kogin Black yana wucewa a cikin ƙauyukan Gundumarrongsa na Taktse da Usar; zuwa ƙauyukansu na Ridha da Tashiding, da Phobji, Dangchu, da Sephu Gewogs da ƙauyunan da ke kewaye da subo a kudu maso gabashin Gundumar Wangdue Phodrang.

Nyenkha yana  alaƙa da Gabashin Bodish Bumthangkha da Kurtöpkha,  tare da 75-77% da 69% kwatankwacin ƙamus, bi da bi: duk da haka ba su da fahimtar juna. Harsuna a cikin Nyenkha suna nuna bambancin sautin da ƙamus. Ana kiran yaruka  suna ga ƙauyuka, irin wannan sunayen harshe gabaɗaya suna ƙuntata ne ga ilimi.

## Yawan jama'a
Ƙididdigar 1991 ta bayyana masu magana da Nyenkha 11,472 a cikin gewogs shida na Bhutan. A shekara ta 1993, yawan masu magana ya kai kusan 10,000 a cewar van Driem.  Binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2010 ya nuna kimanin masu magana 8700 a cikin gewogs 10, wanda aka sake zanawa sau da yawa tun 1991. Raguwar lambobi na iya danganta shi da sauye-sauyen yawan jama'a yayin da iyalai marasa ƙasa da tsoffin masu aikin gona suka koma wuraren da aka buɗe don daidaitawa. Baya ga ƙaura da motsi, yanayin zamani ya yi aiki don iyakance ƙwarewar Nyenkha a matsayin harshen da ke aiki sosai. Duk  raguwar lambobi da sauyawa zuwa harsuna biyu, yawancin matasa sun kasance masu iya magana da yaren.

Mutane da yawa masu magana da Nyen suna da kyakkyawar hulɗa da wasu Harsunan Bhutan, sau da yawa ta hanyar kasuwanci. A al'ada, masu magana da Nyen suna kiwon tumaki da sauran dabbobi ga masu magana da Labi [ana buƙatar ambaton] don musayar hatsi daga ƙananan tsawo. 'ummomin kuma suna da al'ada suna raba masu magana da Bonpo.

## Kalmomin kalmomi
Kalmomin Nyenkha  asali suna nuna bambanci mai mahimmanci ga Kurtöp (Zhake) , 'yar'uwa ta Gabashin Bodish, da kuma Dzongkha, harshen ƙasa.

## Harshen harshe
Nyenkha ba shi da Jima'i na ilimin lissafi. Sunayen  sunayen suna iya zama guda ɗaya ko jam'i.

Ba kamar Dzongkha da sauran harsuna na Bhutan ba, kalmomin Nyenkha suna canzawa bisa ga lambar batun: (Yana tafiya; "Muna tafiya"; "Yana tafiya"; "Muna zuwa"; "Yane tafiya"; "Ya tafi"; "Yen / ta tafi";"Sun tafi" : 79-80

## Dubi kuma

* Harsunan Bhutan

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Harshan Ukraniya

**Yaren mutanen Ukraine,**   [ʊkrɐˈjinjsjkɐ ˈmɔʋɐ]). yare ne na Gabashin Slavic na dangin yaren Indo-Turai da ake magana da farko a Ukraine.  Harshen asali yawancin Ukrainians ne.

Rubutun Ukrainian yana amfani da haruffa na Ukrainian, bambancin Rubutun Cyrillic. Kwalejin Kimiyya ta ƙasa ta Ukraine, (NANU; musamman ta Cibiyar Harshen Ukrainian). da Cibiyar Nazarin Harshe ta Potebnia suna nazarin harshen Ukrainian.   yawa ana kwatanta su da Rasha, wani yaren Slavic na Gabas, amma akwai ƙarin fahimtar juna tare da Belarusian.

Ukrainian ya fito ne daga Tsohon Gabashin Slavic, yaren da ake magana a cikin jihar Kievan Rus' ta zamani. A cikin Grand Duchy na Lithuania, yaren ya ci gaba zuwa Ruthenian, inda ya zama harshen hukuma,  kafin a fara aiwatar da Polonization a cikin Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.  karni na 18, Ruthenian ya rabu zuwa bambance-bambance na yanki, kuma yaren Ukrainian na zamani ya bunkasa a yankin Ukraine ta yanzu. Rushewa ta ga an haramta yaren Ukrainian a matsayin batun daga makarantu kuma a matsayin harshen koyarwa a Daular Rasha, kuma ya ci gaba a hanyoyi daban-daban a Tarayyar Soviet.   haka, yaren ya ci gaba da ganin amfani a duk faɗin ƙasar, kuma ya kasance mai ƙarfi ,musamman a Yammacin Ukraine.

## Ci gaban harshe

### Ka'idoji
Ahatanhel Krymsky da Aleksey Shakhmatov sun ɗauka cewa akwai yaren da ake magana da shi na Slavs na Gabas ne kawai a zamanin da ba a san su ba. Bisa ga ra'ayinsu, bambancin harshen Tsohon Gabashin Slavic ya faru ne a karni na 8 ko farkon karni na 9.

7Masanin harshe na Rasha Andrey Zaliznyak ya bayyana cewa tsohuwar yaren Novgorod ya bambanta sosai da na sauran yaren Kievan Rus' a cikin karni na 11 zuwa 12, amma ya fara zama kamar su a cikin ƙarni na 13 zuwa 15. Harshen Rasha  zamani ya samo asali ne daga haɗuwa da wannan yaren Novgorod da yaren yau da kullun da sauran Kievan Rus ke magana, yayin da yarukan Ukrainian da Belarusian na zamani suka samo asali ne game da yarukan da ba su bambanta da juna ba.

Ukrainian linguist Stepan Smal-Stotsky denies the existence of a common Old East Slavic language at any time in the past. Similar points of view were shared by Yevhen Tymchenko, Vsevolod Hantsov, Olena Kurylo, Ivan Ohienko and others. According to this theory, the dialects of East Slavic tribes evolved gradually from the common Proto-Slavic language without any intermediate stages during the 6th through 9th centuries. The Ukrainian language was formed by convergence of tribal dialects, mostly due to an intensive migration of the population within the territory of today's Ukraine in later historical periods. This point of view was also supported by George Shevelov's phonological studies, which argue that specific features were already recognizable in the southern dialects of Old East Slavic (seen as ancestors to Ukrainian) as far back as these varieties can be documented.

## Manazarta
Qarmat Bitamrmat

**Qarmat Beit Qarmat** (Arabic) fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Masar na 2019, wanda Ahmed Adam, Mai Selim, Dina Fouad, da Walid Fawaz suka fito.  din  kewaye da Al-Qarmouti, zuriyar Karmatians wanda ya gina makabartar ga kakanninsa kuma ya juya shi zuwa jan hankalin yawon bude ido, yayin da yake shiga cikin shari'ar kisan kai da ke da alaƙa da smuggling kayan tarihi.

Al-Qarmouti (Ahmed Adam) mutum ne wanda ke girmama kakanninsa ta hanyar gina makabarta a ƙasarsa, kuma ya sa ya zama abin jan hankali ga masu yawon bude ido ta hanyar cajin tikiti don shiga. Ya yi hayar jagororin yawon shakatawa guda biyu don ba da labarin da aka ƙirƙira game da Qarmatians da nasarorin da suka samu. Koyaya, wannan ya haifar masa da matsaloli tare da Ma'aikatar Yawon Bude Ido da Tsohon Tarihi, wanda ke zarginsa da keta doka da cin zarafin al'adun. An aika da kwamandan 'yan sanda da jami'in don bincika da rufe makabarta.

A halin yanzu, wani ɗan jarida mai suna Ghada Al-Ghunaimi (Mai Selim) yana yin fim game da kisan gilla na wata ƙungiya da ke aiki a cikin smuggling antiquities, kuma ba zato ba tsammani ya bar kyamararta a wurin aikata laifuka. Kamara ta ƙunshi shaidu masu mahimmanci waɗanda zasu iya fallasa ƙungiyar da shugabansu, Di Faso, sanannen mai shigo da kaya wanda ke nuna kansa a matsayin masanin binciken kayan tarihi na Faransa. Kamara ta ƙare a hannun Al-Qarmouti, wanda ya same ta a cikin sarcophagus da ya saya daga ƙungiyar. Ya shiga cikin ɗan jarida kuma yayi ƙoƙari ya taimaka mata ta fallasa ƙungiyar kuma ya wanke sunansa. , shugaban ƙungiyar da magoya bayansa suna bin su kuma suna ƙoƙarin dawo da kyamara da shaidar.

An fitar da fim din a ranar 16 ga Janairu, 2019, a Misira.

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje

*
Harshen arewacin ƙianq

**Arewacin Qiang** yare ne na Sino-Tibetan na reshen Qiangic, musamman ya fada ƙarƙashin iyalin Tibeto-Burman. Kimanin mutane 60,000 ne ke magana da shi a Gabashin Tibet, da kuma Lardin Sichuan na arewa maso tsakiya, kasar Sin.

## Yaren Arewacin Qiang
Arewacin Qiang ya ƙunshi yare daban-daban, da yawa daga cikinsu suna da sauƙin fahimtar juna. Sun Hongkai a cikin littafinsa game da Qiang a cikin 1981 ya raba Arewacin Qiang zuwa yaruka masu zuwa: Luhua, Mawo, Zhimulin, Weigu, da Yadu . Wadannan yarukan suna cikin yankin Heishui da kuma arewacin yankin Mao. Luhua, Mawo, Zhimulin, da Weigu iri-iri na Arewacin Qiang suna magana da Heishui Tibetans. Yaren Mawo ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin yaren da aka fi sani da shi ta Heishui Tibetans.

Sunayen da aka gani a cikin tsofaffin wallafe-wallafen Arewacin Qiang sun haɗa da *Dzorgai (Sifan), Kortsè (Sifan) *), Krehchuh, da Thóchú / Hotcu / Hotśu .  ƙarshe shine sunan wuri.

Sims (2016)  ya nuna Arewa (Upstream) Qiang a matsayin *nu- ƙungiyar kirkire-kirkire. Ana nuna yaruka daban-daban a cikin italics.

; Arewacin Qiang

* NW Heishui: *Luhua* Ō花
* Tsakiyar Heishui
** Ƙauyen *Qinglang*
** Garin *Zhawa*
** *Ciba* Ƙasar
** *Shuangliusuo* 双溜索乡
** Ƙungiyar ƙirar Uvalar V: *Zhimulin* 知木林乡, *Hongyan* 红岩乡, *Mawo* 麻
* SE Heishui: *Luoduo* 羅多 ƙauye, *Longba* ƙauye na *Musu* 木蘇 ƙauye ya *Shidiaolou* ƙauye
* Arewacin Maoxian: *Taiping* 太平乡, *Songpinggou* 松沟乡
* Kudancin Songpan: *Xiaoxing* Ƙananan ƙauye, *Zhenjiangguan* ƙauye江关, *Zhenping* ƙauye
* Yammacin Maoxian / Kudancin Heishui: *Weigu* 維古 ƙauye, *Waboliangzi* 瓦́ ƙauye梁子, *Se'ergu* 色尔古 ƙauyen, *Ekou*, *Weicheng* 維城 ƙauyen , *Ronghong*, *Chibusu*, *Qugu* 曲谷 ƙauyen، *Wadi* Ō底 ƙauyen、 *Baixi* 白溪 ƙauyen *Huilong* 回龙 ƙauyen
* Tsakiyar Maoxian: *Heihu* 黑虎乡
* SE Maoxian (ƙirƙirar alama): *Goukou* 沟口乡, *Yonghe* 永和乡

## Fasahar sauti
Tarihin sauti  Arewacin Qiang na ƙauyen Ronghong ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyi 37, da halaye takwas na wasali.: 22, 25 Tsarin syllable na Arewacin Qiang yana ba da damar sautuna shida.

## Manazarta
Harshan Tay

Tày ko Qala (sunan **Sai** aka raba tare da harsunan da ba su da alaƙa da Qala da Cuoi) shine babban yaren Tai na Vietnam, wanda mutane sama da miliyan ɗaya na Tày ke magana a Arewa maso gabashin Vietnam.

## Rarraba

* Vietnam: larduna na arewa (ciki har da Lardin Cao Bang da Lardin Quang Ninh) 
* China: a yankin iyaka na Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan da Guangxi (musamman Jingxi County) 
* Laos: yankin arewa.

## Iri-iri
Hanyoyin harsunan Tày sun ha da: 

* **Tày Bảo Lạc** - ana magana da shi a Gundumar Bảo Lạc, yammacin lardin Cao Bang.
* **Tày Trùng Khánh** - ana magana da shi a Gundumar Trùng Kh Rhánh, arewa maso gabashin lardin Cao Bang.
* Ana ɗaukar nau'ikan **Thu Lao** ko Dai Zhuang a matsayin yare daban.

## Fasahar sauti

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

* Yaren Cao B__wol____wol____wol__ Tày ne kawai iri-iri don samun sautuna  .

### Sautin sautin

* Har ila yau, akwai nau'ikan sauti guda uku  waɗanda galibi suna faruwa a matsayin syllable-coda a hade tare da sauran sautunan wasali.  yawanci ana gane su azaman sautunan .  ya bi sautunan gaba // da sautunan tsakiya  .  ya bi sautunan baya // da kuma sautunan tsakiya  . ,  kawai ya bi  .

## Manazarta
Jassen Japheth Gaddiun

**Jassen Japheth Gaddiun** (an haife shi ranar 29 ga watan Afrilu, shekara ta 1998) ƙwararren mai haɓaka software ne na Najeriya kuma ƙwararren ilimantarwa mai zurfi wanda ke aiki a matsayin mai tsara shirye-shirye/koya a Makarantar Taraba Business School Jalingo , Jihar Taraba, Najeriya tun 18 ga Janairu, 2024.

## Farkon Rayuwa da Ilimi
An haifi Jassen Japheth Gaddiun a ranar 29 ga Afrilu, shekarar alif 1998, a Sardauna, Jihar Taraba (jihar Gongola), Nigeria. Shi ne ɗan'uwansa na ƙarshe, ƙane ga Misis Beatrice Wame Japheth. Jassen ya samo asali ne daga wasu manyan cibiyoyin ilimi a Najeriya, wato; Taraba State Polytechnic Suntai, Jami'ar Jalingo a jihar Taraba inda ya samu shaidar kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin ilimin na'ura mai kwakwalwa a shekarar 2015/2016 zuwa 2016/2017, Jami'ar jihar Taraba dake jihar Taraba inda ya samu digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar na'ura mai kwakwalwa a shekarar 2021. Har ila yau, yana da takaddun shaida da yawa na ƙwarewa daga DeepLearning.AI, IBM da Cisco Networking Academy  waɗanda aka gabatar akan Dandalin Koyon Coursera.

## Ayyuka da Sana'a
Jassen Japheth Gaddiun ya fara aikinsa a matsayin mai haɓaka software a cikin shekara ta 2018 bayan gina dandalin sarrafa abun ciki na kan layi eflex9ja  (ainihin Zontel). Shi ma mai bincike ne kuma ya buga mafi yawan mujallunsa akan ResearchGate da Academia. Ya kasance mawallafin yanar gizo kuma mai kula da Creative Recordz Media da ArewaMusik Yanar Gizo kafin ya fara sabon aiki a matsayin mai tsara shirye-shirye kuma malami na Makarantar Taraba Business School Jalingo . Jassen shine wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaba na eflex9ja Media kuma har zuwa yau yana ba da gudummawa sosai a cikin ci gaban software.

## Harsunan Shirye-shiryen
Jassen Japheth Gaddiun yana haɓaka software da ma'ajin bayanai ta amfani da harsunan shirye-shirye masu zuwa da harsunan tambaya:

# C++
# Java
# Python
# Visual Basic
# PHP
# MySQL da MySQLI
# Oracle DB

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Jassen Japheth Gaddiun a halin yanzu bai yi aure ba.

## Magana
Harshan Aikanã

**Aikanã** (wani lokacin ana kiranta **Tubarão**,  Corumbiara / Kolumbiara, ko Huari / Uari / Warri) yare ne mai haɗari wanda kusan mutane 200 na Aikanã ke magana a Rondonia,  Brazil. Yana  rikitarwa kuma yana da tsari na SOV. Aikanã yana amfani da Rubutun Latin. Mutanen suna zaune tare da masu magana da Koaia (Kwaza) .

## Yawan jama'a
Ana magana da Aikanã a al'ada a cikin Terra Indígena Tubarão-Latundê, inda har yanzu shine harshen da ya fi dacewa. Hakanan ana magana da shi a cikin Terra Indígena Kwazá do Rio São Pedro, inda ake magana da Kwazá ta al'ada. Wasu iyalan Aikanã a ciki ma suna zaune a cikin Terra Indígena Rio Guaporé, amma ba sa magana da yaren a can. Akwai kusan  kabilun Aikanã (wanda aka fi sani da *Kassupá*) mutane, a cikin Comunidad Indígena Cassupá e Salamãi, kodayake mai magana da Aikanã na ƙarshe ya mutu a shekarar 2018.

## Rarraba
 der Voort (2005) ya lura da kamanceceniya tsakanin Aikanã, Kanoê, da Kwaza, kuma ya yi imanin cewa yana da ƙarfi sosai don haɗa harsuna uku tare a matsayin wani ɓangare na dangin harshe ɗaya. Wani bincike na atomatik (ASJP 4) na Müller et al. (2013)  kuma ya sami kamanceceniya tsakanin Aikanã da Kwaza. Koyaya, tunda an samar da bincike ta atomatik, rukuni na iya zama ko dai saboda rance na juna ko gado na kwayar halitta.

(2016) ya kuma lura cewa akwai kamanceceniya da Kanoe, Kwaza, da Nambikwara saboda lamba.

## Iri-iri
Hanyoyin da Loukotka ta lissafa (1968): 

* **Huari (Corumbiara) ** - ana magana tsakanin Kogin Corumbiara da Kogin Guarajú, Rondônia
* **Masaca (Aicana) ** - ana magana a gefen hagu na Kogin Corumbiara
* **Aboba** - yaren da ba a taɓa magana a Kogin Guarajú
* **Maba** - yaren da ba a taɓa magana a Kogin Guajejú ba (ba a tabbatar da shi ba) 
* **Puxacaze** - sau ɗaya ana magana a Kogin Guajejú, Brazil (ba a tabbatar da shi ba) 
* **Guajejú** - sau ɗaya ana magana da shi a maɓuɓɓugar Kogin Jamarí da Kogin Candeia (ba a tabbatar da shi ba) 

## Fasahar sauti

### Sautin sautin

* /y, ỹ/ kuma ana iya jin sa a kusa-tsakiya [ø, ø̃].
* /a, ã/ ana jin su kamar [ɨ, ɨ̃] kafin /i, ĩ/ .

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

## Manazarta