Noreen Connell

**Noreen Connell** (an haife ta 1947) yar Ba'amurke ne mai shirya mata kuma marubuci / edita, wanda aka sani don samarwa, tare da ɗan'uwan New York Radical Feminists (NYRF) memba Cassandra Wilson, 1974 Sabon Littafin Laburare na Amurka *fyade: Littafin Tushen Farko na Mata ta New York Radical Feminists* . Ta fara shiga ƙungiyoyin mata ta hanyar Agusta 26, 1970, Yajin Matan Mata na Birnin New York don Daidaituwar Maris da Rally da kaka na 1970 NYRF ƙungiyar wayar da kan jama'a .  Bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin taron NYRF da mai shirya magana da kuma memba ta kafa Ma'aikatan Ofishin Mata a farkon 1970s, Connell ta yi aiki a matsayin zaɓaɓɓen jami'in ƙungiyoyi masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata kamar Ƙungiyar Mata ta Ƙasa (NOW).

## Ayyukan aiki
An fi sanin Connell don haɗin gwiwar rubuta *Fyaɗe: Littafin Tushen Farko na Mata ta New York Radical Feminists*, littafin farko da za a buga daga shari'ar Afrilu 1971 New York Radical Feminist Conference Conference. A cikin Janairu 1972, Connell da Wilson sun fara aiki a kan abin da zai zama ƙasidar "daga tarin bayanan (taro) da kaset ɗin kaset a cikin jakar Bloomingdale." A matsayinsu na masu aikin sa kai, sun rubuta kaset, sun sami haƙƙi daga masu jawabai da mahalarta taron bita da suka warwatse game da ƙasar, kuma sun ƙara wasu kasidu don amfanin littafin mai shafuka 283 a cikin Disamba 1974. 

Wakilin Jihar New York zuwa Taron Mata na Ƙasa na 1977 na Houston da taron 1980 na Fadar White House akan Iyali,  Connell ya kasance mafi yawan gudanar da zaɓen ofisoshin a cikin Ƙungiyar Mata ta Ƙasa (NOW) a cikin New York City, NOW-NYC, daga 1973-2009. An zabi Connell Shugaban Hukumar a cikin 1979, yana yin wa'adi biyar,  kwanan nan daga 2002-2004,  zuwa shugaban kasa na wa'adin 1977-1979 da sauran ofisoshin, a cikin 2008 Mataimakin Shugaban Dokoki. 

An zabi Connell shugaban kungiyar NOW ta New York State, NOW-NYS, daga 1984 – 1988 lokacin da ta girma zuwa babi 36. YANZU-NYS ta dauki nauyin tawagar mata Connell ta jagoranci bincike kan ƙungiyoyin yancin mata na duniya a Ingila, Iceland, Norway da Spain.  Har ila yau, kungiyar ta gudanar da wani taro na tsawon yini a fadin jihar tare da kungiyoyi 25 inda Connell, 'yar majalisa Bella Abzug da kuma Lauyan gundumar Brooklyn Elizabeth Holtzman suka kasance manyan jawabai game da ci gaba da nuna wariya ga mata a cikin tsarin shari'a na jihar New York duk da shekara guda bayan fitar da *rahoton kungiyar Task Force a New York na Afrilu 1986 a kan Mata a Kotuna* . 

Shirye-shiryen mata na Connell da rubuce-rubuce / ayyukan gyara sun ƙunshi cin zarafin jima'i da batutuwan aikin mata ciki har da daukar ma'aikata na nuna wariya da aiki/manufofin iyali irin na kula da yara masu mahimmanci don tallafawa aikin mata. 

Ita, Betty Friedan, da wasu da dama, don taron Fadar White House akan Iyali (1980), yayi shirin jaddada Daidaita Daidaita Daidaita (ERA) da al'amuran iyali da tattalin arziki a kan abin da Betty Friedan ya gano a matsayin al'amurran jima'i, ciki har da zubar da ciki, da kuma haɗuwa da zubar da ciki tare da "zabi don samun yara." 

### Aikin mata
Ayyukan Connell akan al'amuran aikin mata - wanda ta sami lambar yabo ta 1984 Coalition of Labor Union Women New York City Chapter [1] -ya fara da hidimar mai tsara shirin NYRF na Oktoba 14, 1973 Magana akan Ayyukan Matan Aiki a cikin Haɗin gwiwa tare da Ma'aikatan Gidan Ma'aikata. [2] Daga nan, a cikin 1974, ta haɗu da 1974 – 1982 (?) Ma’aikatan Ofishin Mata na New York (WOW) tare da Annie Chamberlain da Susanne Paul kuma ta yi aiki a kan ma’aikatanta har zuwa 1977. A lokacin da take aiki a farkon 1976, WOW ta hanyar bincikensa, ya gabatar da shekaru da korafe-korafen nuna bambanci na jima'i a kan hukumomin aiki guda biyar da Ma'aikatar Aikin Yi ta Jihar New York bayan wata mace mai shekaru 50 da aka aika zuwa waɗannan ayyukan ba ta sami aikin ba yayin da mai binciken abokin aikinta na 25 tare da daidaitattun ƙwarewa da horarwa ya sami masu shiga daga kowa. [1] [3] A matsayinta na mataimakiyar shugabar haɗin gwiwa kuma shugabar NOW-NYC, tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1979, ta ƙalubalanci korar mata a yayin wani ci gaban tattalin arziƙin da suka samu tare da ingantattun ayyuka kuma sun fara shirin haɓaka aiki ga ma'aikatan 40 na farko na New York. [4] [5] Ta kasance 1983-1984 mataimakiyar kwamishiniyar ma'aikatar kwadago ta jihar New York ta yi murabus bayan an zabe ta a matsayin shugabar NOW-NYS [6] kuma daga 1979 Memba na Kwamitin Tsaro na Ma'aikata wanda ke taimaka wa ma'aikata masu karamin karfi wajen karbar diyya lokacin da ba su da aikin yi ko nakasa. [7]

Ƙaunar Connell don samun ƙarin kulawar yara don tallafawa aikin mata ya fara ne tare da shugabancin kwamitin kula da yara na NOW-NYC a 1973. *Shafukan Yellow na Mata na 1978: Littafin asali na asali ga Mata, Ɗabi'ar New York* ya haɗa da biyu daga cikin labaran kula da yara "Siyasa na Kula da Yara" da "Menene Kulawar Yara?" daga wannan fafutuka. A cikin 1988, ta rubuta "Mace da Iyalai" a cikin fitowar 16 ga Agusta, 1986 na *The Nation* a cikin bugun ?1988 na *The Utne Reader* wanda ya bukaci kungiyoyin kare hakkin mata su nuna kyakkyawan tasirin manufofinsu kamar kula da yara kan iyalai fiye da na hannun dama.  

## Tsohon sojan mata na Amurka
Duk da yake har yanzu yana aiki a NOW-NYC a cikin 1992, Connell ya zama memba mai kafa na Veteran Feminists of America wanda ke neman raba abubuwan da suka shafi mata na 1970 tare da waɗanda ke cikin tsararraki masu zuwa.  A NOW-NYC, ta ba da tattaunawa ga sababbin membobin game da hanyoyin shirya mata na 1970. Misali, a farkon gabatarwar 2004 tare da tsohuwar 'yar majalisar wakilai ta Brooklyn Elizabeth Holtzman game da samar da "taron zanga-zangar", ta ba da alamu daga abubuwan da ta samu na shirya bas 50 don ƙungiyar 1978 na New York City don Tattalin Arziki na farko na NOW don ƙaddamar da Daidaita Haƙƙin Aminci ga Tsarin Mulki na Amurka .  

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An haifi Connell kuma ya girma a birnin Mexico. Bayan samun BA a cikin ilimin zamantakewa daga Beloit College, Wisconsin, ta kasance ma'aikacin zamantakewa a Chicago da New York City inda ta sami MA a cikin ilimin zamantakewa daga New School for Social Research . An kore ta daga aikin jirage da ta yi yayin da take Sabuwar Makaranta saboda daukar lokaci daga wurin aiki don halartar Ranar Daidaiton Mata na Maris 26, 1970 Maris da Rally. Bayan wa'adinta na 1984-1988 NOW-NYS shugaban kasa, ta kasance Babban Darakta na Kwamitin fifikon Ilimi daga 1989 – 2007.   

## Manazarta

## Kara karantawa

* Tamiment Library/Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives, Elmer Holmes Bobst Library, Jami'ar New York : Ƙungiyar Mata ta Ƙasa - Birnin New York. Jami'ai' gami da Akwatin Fayil 9 Noreen Connell.
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