open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Cibiyar Kula da Muhalli ta Irish

**Cibiyar Muhalli ta Irish** (IEN) wata cibiyar sadarwa ce ta ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na muhalli (NGOs) waɗanda aka kafa a shekara ta 2002.  An tsara cibiyar sadarwar don ba da damar isa ga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban da kuma wasu lokutan ƙananan ƙungiyoyi. IEN kuma tana da ginshiƙin muhalli wanda ke aiki a matsayin ƙungiyar masu fafutuka tare da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da yawa don gabatar da damuwarsu ga gwamnati da al'amuran manufofi a kowane mataki, na ƙasa, yanki da na gida. IEN ta kuma tsara shirin bayar da kyaututtukan daukar hoto,  kuma tana kula da gidan yanar gizon Green News wanda ke ba da labaran labarai daban-daban na muhalli a Ireland da ƙasashen waje. 

## Membobi
Membobin Cibiyar Kula da Muhalli ta Ireland sun haɗa da: 

* An Taisce, The National Trust for Ireland
* Bat Conservation Ireland
* BirdWatch Ireland
* CELT
* Cloughjordan Ecovillage
* Coomhola Salmon Trust
* Coastwatch
* ECO-UNESCO
* Feasta
* Forest Friends
* Friends of the Earth
* Friends of the Irish Environment
* Global Action Plan
* Gluaiseacht
* Good Energies Alliance Ireland
* Green Foundation Ireland
* Hedge Laying Association of Ireland
* Green Economy Foundation
* Irish Peatland Conservation Council
* Irish Wildlife Trust
* Irish Seed Savers Association
* Irish Whale and Dolphin Group
* Just Forests
* Native Woodland Trust
* Sonairte
* Sustainable Ireland Cooperative (Cultivate)
* The Organic Centre
* The Vincent Wildlife Trust
* VOICE
* Zero Waste Alliance Ireland

## Manazarta
Evan Amos

**Evan Amos** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1983)  mai ɗaukar hoto ne na na'urorin wasan bidiyo, waɗanda yake ba da lasisi kyauta ga jama'a . Yana ba da gudummawar waɗannan hotunan ga Wikipedia, kuma   yana aiki a Gidan Tarihin Wasannin Kan layi na Vanamo, wani rumbun adana kayan aikin wasan bidiyo kyauta.  Tun daga shekarar 2018, yana zaune a Brooklyn, birnin New York . 

## Ayyuka
Da yake "ya yi fushi" game da rashin ingancin hotuna na wasan bidiyo a kan Wikipedia, Amos ya yanke shawarar yin rikodin waɗannan tsarin kafin a "mantu da su a lokaci". Farawa a ranar 28 ga watan Agusta, 2010, tare da na'urar wasan kwaikwayo ta Wii" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Nintendo">Nintendo, wacce ya mallaka, Amos nan da nan "ya ji ya zama mai jaraba" kuma ya fara jerin kowane na'urar. Ya sanya talla a kan Craigslist kuma ya sadu da mai tarawa a Huntington, Long Island, inda ya ɗauki hotunan na'urori daban-daban daga Sega da Atari. Ya bayyana "mamaki" game da karuwar shahararrun hotunan da aka ba da lasisi kyauta a bugawa, talabijin, Intanet, da sauran kafofin watsa labarai - kodayake har yanzu ba a yaba masa da su ba.

Bayan sayen da daukar hoto na wasan bidiyo, Amos ya ba da gudummawa ga Cibiyar Wasanni ta Jami'ar New York da Gidan Tarihi na Kasa, inda aka ba shi damar samun damar shiga su a kowane lokaci. Laburarensa ya fadada zuwa kayan abinci.

A cikin 2013, Amos ya tara US $ 17,493 a kan Kickstarter don fadada tarin kayan aikinsa da kuma gina gidan kayan gargajiya na Vanamo Online, don adana tarihin wasannin bidiyo a kan layi. An yi niyyar haɗawa da tarihin kowane na'ura mai amfani da shi da ci gabanta.

A ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 2018, Amos ya fitar da wani littafi da No Starch Press ya buga, mai taken The Game Console: Tarihin Hotuna daga Atari zuwa Xbox, yana nuna hotunan wasan bidiyo, kayan aikin su, da wasu tarihi. An buga bugu na biyu a cikin 2021.

## Ayyukan da aka zaɓa

Fayil:Wii-console.jpg|Wii, the first photograph of a game console Amos made for Wikipedia
Fayil:GameCube-Set.jpg|GameCube
Fayil:Nintendo-Famicom-Disk-System.jpg|Famicom and Disk System
Fayil:Sega-SG-1000-Console-Set.jpg|Sega SG-1000
Fayil:PS2-Versions.jpg|"Fat" and "slimline" PlayStation 2
Fayil:Microsoft-Xbox-One-Console-Set-wKinect.jpg|Xbox One
Fayil:Commodore-64-Computer-FL.jpg|Commodore 64


## Karɓar baƙi

Destructoid ya kira Amos "mafi mashahuriyar mai daukar hoto". *Mashahuriyar Kimiyya* ta kira shi "mafi shahara mai daukar hoto na wasan kwaikwayo". Kotaku ya kira The Game Console "wani littafi mai ban sha'awa ga mutanen da suke son kallon na'urorin wasan bidiyo". 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Carmen Alcázar

**Carmen Alcázar Castillo** (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkaɾmen alˈkasaɾ kasˈtiʹo]) masanin kimiyyar siyasa ce ta Mexico, mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata kuma mai Wikipedia. A cikin 2021, ta sami lambar yabo ta Wikimedian na Shekara ta hanyar mai haɗin gwiwar Wikipedia Jimmy Wales a Wikimania . 

## Tarihin rayuwa
Carmen Alcázar tana da digiri a kimiyyar siyasa da kuma gudanar da gwamnati. Ta kasance edita ta Wikipedia tun shekara ta 2011. 

## Ayyukan Wikimedia
A cikin 2015, Alcazar ya kirkiro aikin *[[Editatón|Editatona]]* don rage gibin jinsi da ke cikin encyclopedia na Wikipedia, tun daga wannan lokacin an sake yin aikin a cikin ƙasashe 10 masu magana da Mutanen Espanya da Portuguese.  Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Wikimedia Mexico daga 2018 zuwa 2021, lokacin da ta zama babban darakta. 

## Godiyawar
A shekarar 2021 ta sami lambar yabo ta Hermila Galindo daga Majalisar Dokokin Birnin Mexico, saboda aikinta na ganin mata a intanet, da kuma kyautar Hermila Galindo da Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Birnin Mexico ta bayar.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Dorothy Brandon

{{databox}{
**Dorothy Brandon** marubuciya ce ta Burtaniya mai aiki a cikin shekarun da suka gabata. Babban nasarar da ta samu a West End ita ce wasan kwaikwayo na likita na 1923 The Outsider  wanda aka farfado da shi sau da yawa, kuma an daidaita shi cikin fina-finai a lokuta uku. 

Wani abin da aka buga a baya shi ne Heather Wild na 1917 wanda ya gudana a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Strand don wasanni 79. An kuma sanya shi fim. Wasan da aka yi a shekara ta 1926 na Blind Alley bai yi nasara ba, yana gudana don wasanni goma sha uku.

## Wasannin da aka zaɓa

* *Heather mai banƙyama* (1917) 
* *Araminta ta zo* (1921) 
* Mai *Baƙo* (1923) 
* Blind Alley (1926) 

## Manazarta
Shirin Rigakafin Laifuka na Muhalli

**Shirin Rigakafin Laifuka na Muhalli** ( **ECPP** ) wata ƙungiya ce da ta bin diddigin sharar nukiliya da aka zubar, gami da makaman nukiliya na Soviet da suka rage daga Yaƙin Cacar Baki.  Lauyan Italiya kuma mai ba da shawara kan tsaro Mario Scaramella ne ya kafa ta tare da abokin aikinsa Filippo Marino a Naples, Italiya a 1997. Tana bayyana kanta a matsayin "taron dindindin tsakanin gwamnatoci " wanda ke mai da hankali kan laifukan muhalli tare da shugabannin da ke juyawa daga ƙasashe kamar Samoa da Angola, Sri Lanka da Slovakia, Romania da Amurka, ainihin manufarta har yanzu tana da wahalar fahimta, kuma kwanan nan ECPP ta jawo hankalin hukumomin bincike na Italiya, waɗanda suka yi la'akari da ita a matsayin wata ƙungiyar leƙen asiri.

## Manufa da dalili
Shafin yanar gizo na Environmental Security International ya ambato Scaramella yana bayyana manufar ECPP a matsayin "bayar da kariya ga muhalli da tsaro ta hanyar fasaha a duniya, musamman ga ƙasashe masu tasowa . ECPP tana da ofisoshi a Cibiyar Sararin Samaniya ta Fucino da ke Italiya, babbar cibiyar sararin samaniya ta fararen hula a duniya. ECPP ta yi amfani da sa ido ta sama da kuma ikon gano nesa na tauraron dan adam don gano laifukan muhalli a Gabashin (a Rasha musamman) da Kudancin Turai da kuma ta'addancin muhalli a Afirka ta Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka."

## Taro na ɓoye
Daga cikin sirrin ECPP akwai wani taron da ake kira "Taron Majalisar Dokoki ta IV"  da aka gudanar a ofisoshin Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka da ke New York, wanda Scaramella ta yi amfani da shi wajen yin rijista don matsayin gwamnatoci. An ruwaito cewa taron Majalisar Dokoki ta IV na ECPP ya ɗauki tsawon awa ɗaya. ECPP ma ba ta yi taron Majalisar Dokoki ta Farko ba, domin Scaramella ta yi tunanin ya fi dacewa a miƙa kai tsaye ga Taron na Biyu domin samun nasarar tara kuɗi. Scaramella ya yi amfani da "Taron Majalisar Dokoki ta IV" don ya yaba wa ƙungiyarsa lokacin da ya je ganin wasu ƙungiyoyi na hukuma.

## Manazarta
Seb Tape

**Seb Tape** (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga Agusta 1992) tsohon ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Australiya wanda ya buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Gold Coast Football Club a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Australiya (AFL). An zaɓe shi da lamba 13 a gasar zaɓe ta ƙasa ta 2010. Ya fara buga wasa a wasan farko na Gold Coast, inda ya buga wasa da Carlton a zagaye na 2 na kakar wasa ta 2011.  Tape memba ne na ƙungiyar farko ta Gold Coast Suns, inda ya fara wasan a aljihun baya. A wannan wasan ya tattara kwallaye 11 (kicks 9 da ƙwallon hannu 2), sannan ya tara maki 8 da kuma tackles 3. Tape ya halarci Makarantar Westminster da ke Adelaide, inda ya kasance Kyaftin na Makaranta.

## Aikin AFL
Tape ya fara wasa a zagaye na biyu na kakar wasa ta 2011 da Carlton. Wasan farko na Gold Coast Suns ya ƙare da babban rashin nasara a hannun Suns waɗanda suka nuna babban ƙarfinsu. Tape ya fara ne a cikin Back Pocket kuma koci Guy McKenna ya yaba masa bayan wasan saboda kyakkyawan aikinsa, musamman ma rawar da ya taka a kwata na uku.

Tape ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2011 yana buga wasanni 13. Sau da yawa yana cikin 'yan wasan da suka fi daidaito kuma ya sami kambun mafi ƙarfin hali a ƙungiyar saboda harinsa da jajircewarsa ga ƙwallon. Tape ya dawo don fara kakar wasa ta 2012 kuma yana shirin zama mai tsaron baya mai hazaka wanda zai ƙarfafa matsayinsa a cikin tsaron Gold Coast.

A zagaye na 1 na kakar wasa ta AFL ta 2012, Tape ya rasa haƙoransa uku na gaba a karo na biyu da ya yi da dan wasan gaba na Crows Jason Porplyzia. Tape ya ci gaba da wasa ba tare da haƙoransa ba har zuwa hutun rabin lokaci, inda aka yi masa tiyata. 

A zagaye na 12 na kakar wasa ta 2012, Tape ya yi karo da dan wasan gaba na North Melbourne Lindsay Thomas . Thomas ya nutse a kan kwallon, ya yi karo da kafar Tape sannan ya karkata gwiwarsa gefe. Jigon kwallon da ke kan gaba na Tape (ACL) ya tsage a cikin lamarin kuma ya bukaci a sake gina gwiwa gaba daya, wanda hakan ya tilasta masa fita daga sauran kakar wasa ta 2012 da kuma kakar wasa ta 2013. 

A ranar 13 ga Yulin 2013, Tape ya dawo ƙungiyar da ya daɗe yana jira a matsayinsa na babban ɗan wasan Suns, inda ya fafata da Richmond. Tape ya samu nasarar cin kwallaye 8, maki 4 da kuma tackles 6. Duk da cewa Gold Coast ta faɗi da maki 11, Tapes sun koma layin baya sun bai wa ƙungiyar kwanciyar hankali a fannin tsaro.

Ba tare da samun damar yin wasa na yau da kullun a ƙungiyar ba, an cire Tape daga jerin 'yan wasan a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2016. [undefined] Ya ci gaba da zama a kudu maso gabashin Queensland kuma ya koma Southport Australian Football Club a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Arewa maso Gabashin Australiya a matsayin mataimakin kyaftin daga 2017, [1] kuma ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da ƙungiyar (wanda yanzu ke fafatawa a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Victorian ) har zuwa 2021. Shi ne kyaftin na ƙungiyar da ta lashe gasar firimiya ta NEAFL a 2018.

## Manazarta
Fanny Calder

**Fanny Louise Calder** (26 Maris 1838 - 6 Yuni 1923) ta kasance mai gabatar da ilimi a cikin batutuwan cikin gida a Liverpool, Ingila . Kwalejin da ta kirkira za ta zama wani ɓangare na Jami'ar Liverpool John Moores.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Calder a Liverpool a cikin 1838 ga James da Jane Calder . Mahaifinta ya sayi kuma ya sayar da auduga, kuma ya zauna a Amurka na wasu shekaru. Ita ce ƙarama cikin goma sha ɗaya kuma ta kasance mai sadaukar da kai na Anglican, tana halartar Makarantar Lahadi da sauran ayyukan coci. Ta damu da yanayin matalauta.

A shekara ta 1875, ta fara "Kwamitin Mata" tare da kanta a matsayin sakatariyar da za ta shirya Makarantar Kimiyya ta Cikin Gida ta Liverpool. Kwamitin ya hada da Countess na Sefton da Mary Stanley, Countess na Derby .  An fara gudanar da azuzuwan ne a St George's Hall a tsakiyar Liverpool. A shekara mai zuwa, ta kafa "Northern Union of Training Schools of Cookery" wanda ya hada da makarantu a Yorkshire, Edinburgh da Glasgow. Wannan kungiya ce ta ba da takaddun shaida ga darussan. A shekara ta 1891 ta wallafa "A Teachers' Manual of Elementary Laundry Work".

A cikin 1900, kungiyar ta koma sabbin gine-gine a titin Colquitt, inda lokacin ya fara a ranar 2 ga Satumba.

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na farko, makarantar ta kasance sananne amma rashin samun wasu abubuwa ya nuna cewa dole ne a dakatar da darussan. A gefe guda kuma an kira ta koyar da dafa abinci ga sojoji.

## Mutuwa da gado
Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Cikin Gida ta ƙare da kudade a cikin 1920 kuma dole ne ta nemi ƙarin kudade daga Hukumar Ilimi ta Ƙasa. Wadannan tattaunawar sun ƙare tare da shigar da kwalejin cikin LEA. An sake sunan makarantar a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Cikin Gida ta F. L. Calder .

Calder ya mutu a Liverpool a 1923.  Kwalejin da ta kirkira za ta zama wani ɓangare na Jami'ar Liverpool John Moores. Gidan Calder yana ɗauke da takardu biyu, ɗaya tare da ambaton Florence Nightingale. Nightingale ya rubuta mata kuma ya bayyana ta a matsayin "Mai Tsarki na wanki, dafa abinci da lafiya".

## Manazarta
Green Cross Brazil

**Green Cross Brazil** wani ɓangare ne na cibiyar sadarwa ta Green Cross ta Duniya . Tsohon shugaban Tarayyar Soviet kuma wanda ya lashe kyautar zaman lafiya ta Nobel Mikhail Gorbachev ne ya kafa ta a shekarar 1993, wanda ya gina bisa ga aikin da aka fara a taron ƙasa na 1992 a Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 

Green Cross Brazil ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta wacce ba ta neman riba ba kuma mai zaman kanta, wadda ke aiki don magance ƙalubalen tsaro, kawar da talauci da kuma lalata muhalli ta hanyar haɗakar ayyukan tallafi da ayyukan gida.  Ƙungiyar tana da ayyuka a cikin haɗin gwiwa da Gwamnatin Brazil, Bankin Haɗin gwiwa na Sicoob, Microsoft, Netafim, Sebrae da Giorgio Armani .

A shekarar 2016, Green Cross Brazil ta fara aiwatar da Shirin Ruwa don Zaman Lafiya,  wani ɓangare na Aikin Acqua for Life na Giorgio Armani .  Aikin yana mai da hankali kan wani yanki na Mariana, wanda har yanzu yana fama da mummunan sakamakon bala'in madatsar ruwa ta Mariana .

Tare da goyon bayan Giorgio Armani, Green Cross tana kafa tsarin tattara ruwan sama a cikin ƙananan hukumomi biyu da abin ya fi shafa. Ana amfani da ruwan da aka tattara don sha, tsafta da banɗaki, da kuma ba da ruwa ga ƙananan lambunan kayan lambu a makarantu. Green Cross Brazil da abokan hulɗarta suna kuma hulɗa da al'ummomin yankin, kuma suna gudanar da bita ga malamai kan kula da tsarin ruwa da ayyukan ruwa mai ɗorewa

## Manazarta
Amin Azzam

**Amin Azzam** farfesa ne na asibiti a Amurka a sashen ilimin tabin hankali a Makarantar Magunguna ta Jami'ar California . Shi ma farfesa ne na asibiti a Jami'ar California, Berkeley, tsohon Mataimakin Darakta na Shirin Lafiya na UC Berkeley – UCSF, kuma tsohon Daraktan manhajar "Koyon Matsalolin da ke Bisa Matsalolin" ta shirin,   baya ga kasancewa darektan Buɗaɗɗen Shirin Koyo da kuma mai kula da Harkokin Malamai a Osmosis ta Elsevier.  An san shi da koyar da aji na zaɓi ga ɗaliban likitanci na shekara ta huɗu wanda ya ƙunshi duka gyaran labaran Wikipedia game da batutuwan lafiya.  Da farko ya samo wannan ra'ayin ne daga ɗaya daga cikin ɗalibansa, Michael Turken, a shekarar 2012, kuma da farko ya yi shakku, amma daga baya ya gamsu cewa zai iya zama kyakkyawan ra'ayi. Daga nan ya haɓaka ajin tare da Turken.   Ya fara koyar da darasin na tsawon wata guda a watan Disamba na 2013.  Dangane da ajin, ya ce, "Yana daga cikin kwangilar zamantakewa da muke da ita da al'umma, a matsayinmu na likitoci, mu bayar da gudummawa ga Wikipedia da sauran ma'ajiyar bayanai ta bude domin a nan ne duniya ke karanta game da bayanan lafiya." 

## Ilimi
Azzam ya sami digiri na farko daga Jami'ar Rochester da kuma digiri na likita daga Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Virginia .  Daga nan sai ya kammala aikinsa na asibiti a Jami'ar California, San Francisco, sannan ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin ilimi daga Jami'ar Californi, Berkeley .

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Peacock

**Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Peacock**, wanda a da **Nokia Theatre** da **Microsoft Theater ne**, wurin wasan kwaikwayo ne da kiɗa a LA Live a tsakiyar birnin Los Angeles, California, Amurka. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo yana ɗaukar mutane 7,100  kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan dandamali na cikin gida a Amurka, an fi saninsa da ɗaukar nauyin nunin kyaututtuka daban-daban da sauran abubuwan musamman. 

## Tarihi
An tsara gidan wasan kwaikwayo ta ELS Architecture da Urban Design na Berkeley, California bisa ga wani kwamiti da Anschutz Entertainment Group (AEG) ta bayar a shekarar 2002.  An bude shi a ranar 18 ga Oktoba, 2007, tare da kade-kade shida da suka nuna Eagles da Dixie Chicks .  A ranar 7 ga Yuni, 2015, an sake sanya wa gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Nokia suna a matsayin Microsoft Theater a matsayin wani bangare na sabuwar yarjejeniyar kare hakkin suna da AEG Live  bayan da Microsoft ta sayi kasuwancin wayoyin hannu na Nokia a shekarar 2014.  A matsayin wani bangare na sabuwar yarjejeniyar kare hakkin suna, an kuma sake sanya wa filin wasan LA Live suna Microsoft Square (wanda daga baya aka sani da Xbox Plaza) kuma Microsoft ta samar da haɓakawa ga fasahar wurin.  

A ranar 15 ga Yuni, 2023, an sanar da cewa za a sake sanya wa gidan wasan kwaikwayo suna zuwa Peacock Theater a ranar 11 ga Yuli a matsayin wani ɓangare na sabuwar yarjejeniyar haƙƙin suna tsakanin AEG Live da kamfanin Peacock na iyaye Comcast, tare da Xbox Plaza shi ma an sake sanya masa suna Peacock Place. 

### Tarihin sanya suna

* Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Nokia (17 ga Oktoba, 2007 - 6 ga Yuni, 2015) 
* Microsoft Theatre (7 ga Yuni, 2015 - 10 ga Yuli, 2023) 
* Peacock Theatre (11 ga Yuli, 2023–yanzu) 

## Nunin kyaututtuka

Tun lokacin da aka buɗe wurin a shekarar 2007, wurin ya zama wurin da ake gudanar da nunin kyaututtuka da dama na masana'antar nishaɗi, musamman kyaututtukan Primetime Emmy Awards .

### Kyaututtukan Wasan
Tun daga shekarar 2015 (ban da shekarar 2020 inda aka gudanar da shi a zahiri saboda annobar COVID-19 ), gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya karbi bakuncin kyaututtukan The Game Awards, wanda Geoff Keighley ya gabatar. 

### Kyaututtukan BET
Wurin ya karbi bakuncin kyaututtukan BET tun daga shekarar 2013 (ban da shekarar 2020 lokacin da aka gudanar da shi ta hanyar yanar gizo saboda annobar COVID-19 ). 

## Manazarta
Diljit Rana, Baron Rana

**Diljit Singh Rana, Baron Rana**, OBE (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Satumba, 1938), ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan Birtaniya kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Iyaye . Kasancewar shi ɗan majalisa ne, ya hau kujerar shugabancin jam'iyyar Conservative a shekarar 2016. Ya auri Shruti, Lady Rana.

A ranar 16 ga Yuni 2004, an zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗan wasa na rayuwa a matsayin **Baron Rana**, na Malone a Gundumar Antrim .  

## Rayuwa
An haife shi a Sanghol,  Indiya kuma shi ne babban ɗan'uwa ga 'yan'uwa uku da 'yan'uwa mata biyu.

Lord Rana ya bar Punjab a shekarar 1963 zuwa Ingila,  amma yanzu mazaunin Belfast ne tun 1966. Dole ne ya gyara fayil ɗin kadarorinsa sama da sau 25 a lokacin Matsalolin Arewacin Ireland saboda hare-haren bama-bamai da ƙone-ƙone.  "Kasancewar ni ɗan ƙasar Indiya ne, bai kamata in yi biyayya ga Arewacin Ireland ba; na zauna a can duk da matsalar," in ji Lord Rana. A yau, shi mai haɓɓaka gidaje ne mai nasara, mai otal-otal kuma shugaban ƙungiyar kasuwanci da masana'antu ta Arewacin Ireland.

## Girmamawa, kyaututtuka da kuma taimakon jama'a
An nada Rana a matsayin memba na Order of the British Empire (MBE) a bikin tunawa da ranar haihuwa ta 1996,   saboda gudummawarsa ga farfado da tattalin arzikin birnin Belfast. Rana ya kafa asusun agaji na Rs. miliyan 50 don wata makaranta da wata kwaleji mai suna Taxila, a ƙauyensa na Sanghol, kusa da Chandigarh, Indiya. Sabuwar kwalejin tana da alaƙar haɗin gwiwa da Jami'ar Ulster da ke Arewacin Ireland.  Jami'ar ta ba Rana digirin girmamawa wanda ya jagoranci tawagar masana daga jami'ar zuwa Indiya don bincika haɗin gwiwar ilimi da taimakawa wajen haɓaka alaƙar jami'a tsakanin Indiya da Arewacin Ireland.

## Rikici
An ci gaba da takaddama tsawon shekaru da yawa kan shirye-shiryen sake gina wurin masana'antar Tillie & Henderson da ke Derry, wannan wurin mallakar Dijit Rana ne.  A da, wurin masana'antar riguna ce mai mahimmanci ta tarihi amma ta lalace a hare-haren ƙona gidaje da dama, ciki har da manyan hare-hare a 2001,  da 2002,  daga baya aka rushe shi ba tare da izini ba a 2003.  Wani otal mai araha da aka yi niyya don wurin har yanzu yana kan matakin tsarawa a 2009.  Rana ya bayyana a watan Afrilun 2009 cewa masu zanensa "muna ƙoƙarin daidaita abubuwa a wannan karon", kuma sadarwa tana ci gaba da gudana da Hukumar Muhalli ta Arewacin Ireland, kuma yana fatan "za a yi maraba da shirye-shiryenmu gaba ɗaya a cikin babban wuri a cikin birnin". 

## Manazarta
Elizabeth Burnet

**Elizabeth Burnet** ( *wacce aka haifa a* **Blake** ; 8 ga Nuwamba 1661 - 3 ga Disamba 1709) ƙwararriyar mai taimakon jama'a ce 'yar Ingila. Littafin addu'arta, *A Method of Devotion*, ya fito cikin bugu da dama. 

## Rayuwa
An haifi Elizabeth Blake kusa da Southampton a shekarar 1661 kuma iyayenta Sir Richard da Elizabeth Blake sun haifi 'yar Puritan . Mijinta na farko, Robert Berkeley, shi ne ubangidanta John Fell, Bishop na Oxford . Bayan rasuwar ubangidanta kuma James na biyu na Katolika ya hau karagar mulki, ta shawo kan mijinta na Furotesta ya koma Netherlands. Wannan ya zama mataki mai hikima, domin za su dawo a shekarar 1688 a matsayin wani ɓangare na fadar William na Orange . 
.
Blake ya shahara da John Locke da sauran masu tunani na addini, kamar Bishop Stillingfleet . Ita ce ta gaya wa Locke of the *Defense* wanda Catharine Trotter Cockburn ta buga. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai shiga tsakani ta kuma ba Cockburn kuɗi kafin Locke ta taimaka mata da kuɗi. 

Mijin Elizabeth na farko ya mutu a shekara ta 1694 kuma a shekara ta 1700 ta auri Gilbert Burnet, Bishop na Salisbury, wanda ya yi bazawara sau biyu. Matarsa ta biyu Mary Scott, tana jin tsoro, kamar yadda ya bayyana, cewa nan ba da jimawa ba za ta mutu a cikin annobar cutar kyanda da ta yi kamari a lokacin, ta ba shi shawara idan ta mutu ya auri Elizabeth, wacce take ɗaya daga cikin abokanta na kud da kud.  Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa ta auri shi shine saboda ta yi tunanin yana buƙatar shawararta kan yadda za ta tafiyar da ɓangaren siyasa na matsayinsa.  Auren ya kasance mai daɗi kuma Elizabeth ta kasance cikin kyakkyawar mu'amala da 'ya'yanta biyar na miji. Bayan aurenta na biyu, Burnet har yanzu tana da ikon saka hannun jari wanda ke ba ta kuɗin shiga na shekara-shekara na £800. Ta yi watsi da wannan a cikin ayyukan agaji, gami da kula da 'ya'yan talakawa na Worcester da Salisbury . 

Burnet ta yi tafiya zuwa ƙasashen waje don lafiyarta tare da 'ya'yanta mata biyu, domin 'ya'yanta mata biyu sun mutu tun suna ƙanana. Ta koma Ingila, amma mummunan sanyin hunturu na 1708-1709 ya haifar da raguwar lafiyarta. Burnet ta mutu a Landan a 1709 kuma an binne ta a Spetchley, Worcestershire.

## Littafin addu'a da hotonsa
Kusan lokacin mutuwarta, an buga littafin addu'ar da ta rubuta bayan mutuwar mijinta na farko, A Method of Devotion, a shekarar 1708 kuma ya shiga cikin bugu da dama.

Hoton Burnet, wanda Sir Godfrey Kneller ya zana a shekarar 1707, yanzu haka yana cikin Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa da ke Landan. 

## Manazarta
Tsibirin Ulva-Te Wharawhara Marine Reserve

**Ma'aikatar Kula da Ruwa ta Ulva Island-Te Wharawhara** wani wurin ajiyar ruwa ne da ya mamaye fadin  kudu maso yamma da arewa maso gabas na Tsibirin Ulva, a cikin Paterson Inlet na Tsibirin Stewart na New Zealand. An kafa shi a shekarar 2004 kuma Ma'aikatar Kula da Kare Muhalli ce ke kula da shi.  

## Yanayin ƙasa
Wurin ajiyar ya ƙunshi kusan kashi 15% na Paterson Inlet ( *Whaka ā Te Wera* ),  wani tsohon kwarin kogi da ke ƙarƙashin ruwa.  Kogunan da ke gudana a cikinsa suna malala daga ƙasar da ba ta da ci gaba ba tare da ƙarancin laka da kwararar sinadarai masu gina jiki ba, da kuma ruwan Antarctic mai dumi da sanyi a cikin magudanar ruwa na Tsibirin Stewart. Haɗin abubuwan da ke tattare da su yana samar da wurin zama ga nau'ikan tsirrai da dabbobi, gami da aƙalla nau'ikan kifayen ruwa 56. 

Mashigar ruwa tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa da aka killace a kudancin New Zealand. 

## Tarihi
An kafa ma'ajiyar ruwa a shekarar 2004,  ta sami amincewar doka a ranar 13 ga Disamba na wannan shekarar. 

An nada sauran Paterson Inlet a matsayin Te Whaka a Te Wera Mätaitai Reserve a ranar 31 ga Disamba 2004 don haɓaka kula da albarkatun kamun kifi na mashigar ruwa da kuma samar da abinci na yau da kullun ga Maori.  An rufe shi don kamun kifi ba na kasuwanci ba. 

An ci tarar wani mai kamun kifi saboda ya ɗauki nau'in cod guda biyu daga wurin ajiyar a watan Disamba na 2012. 

A shekarar 2019, yanayin muhallin ma'ajiyar ruwa yana cikin koshin lafiya. 

## Flora da fauna
Brachiopod (harsashin fitila), wani tsohon kifin da ke ciyar da matattara wanda ke zaune a kan dutse da kuma laka, yana bunƙasa a cikin mashigar ruwa a zurfin ƙasa da mita 20.  Waɗannan kifin da ke cikin laka sun yi yawa a cikin tekuna na zamanin da shekaru miliyan 300 zuwa 550 da suka wuce, amma yanzu ba kasafai suke ba. Mashigar ruwa tana ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da kifayen da ke cikin laka ke samun damar gani a duniya. 

Kina, kokwamba na teku da kuma kifin starfish suma suna bunƙasa a cikin ruwan shiga.  Masu nutsewa kuma suna haɗuwa da kifin shark na kafet, Banded Wrasse, cod na tsibirin Stewart da kuma jellyfish na zaki . 

## Manazarta
Yaroslav Blanter

**Yaroslav Mikhaylovich Blanter** [ a ] ( Russian   ; an haife shi a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 1967) masanin kimiyyar lissafi ne na Rasha, ƙwararre a fannin sarrafa ƙarfe da kimiyyar lissafi mai rikitarwa .    Farfesa ne a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Delft .    

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Blanter a Moscow. A shekara ta 1984, ya kammala karatu daga makarantar lissafi ta biyu ta Moscow.

A shekara ta 1990, ya kammala karatu daga sashen physicochemical na Cibiyar Karfe da Alloy ta Moscow a fagen hakar ƙarfe.

Har zuwa shekara ta 1992, ya dauki darussan digiri na biyu a wannan cibiyar. A shekara ta 1992, ya kare rubutunsa kuma ya sami digiri na Candidate na kimiyyar lissafi. Batun rubutun ya shafi ci gaban tasirin ma'auni a cikin kaddarorin motsa jiki na tsarin lantarki a canjin canji.

Daga 1990 zuwa 1994, ya koyar da ilimin lissafi, ka'idar ƙarfe na al'ada da na superconducting, na gargajiya da na injiniya. Daga 1989 zuwa 1993, ya kuma koyar da lissafi a Makarantar 43 ta Moscow.

A shekara ta 1995, da Gidauniyar Alexander von Humboldt ta goyi bayan, ya sami matsayi a Cibiyar Nazarin Matsalar da ke Karlsruhe. Daga 1996 zuwa 2000, ya rike mukami a Jami'ar Geneva . Daga 2000 zuwa 2007, ya kasance mataimakin farfesa a Delft_University_of_Technology" id="mwUA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Delft University of Technology">Jami'ar Fasaha ta Delft . A shekara ta 2007, ya zama babban farfesa a can. A shekara ta 2002, ya kasance daya daga cikin mambobi uku na kwamitin shirya taron NATO Advanced Research Workshop "Quantum Noise in Mesoscopic Physics", wanda aka gudanar a Delft, Netherlands.

Daga 2007 zuwa 2011, ya kasance mai ba da gudummawa mai aiki tare da izinin gudanarwa a cikin Wikipedia na Rasha kuma memba na Kwamitin Arbitration. Daily Dot ta lura da rawar da Blanter ya taka wajen share wani Yaudara ta Wikipedia na Ingilishi game da wani mai shirya fina-finai na Rasha wanda ya kusan kusan shekaru hudu.

## Ayyukan da aka zaɓa
Blanter ya wallafa ayyuka sama da 100 a cikin mujallu na kimiyya da yawa. h-index dinsa shine 22.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Filin wasa na Dial-Roberson

**Filin wasa na Dial-Roberson All-Events** filin wasa ne da ke harabar Jami'ar Ohio Northern da ke Ada, Ohio, Amurka. Filin wasa ne gidan ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ohio Northern Polar Bears, kuma yana da wuraren zama ga sauran ƙungiyoyin 'yan wasa na ONU. Filin wasan yana da wurin zama na hukuma na 'yan kallo 3,500, amma zai iya ɗaukar ƙarin 'yan kallo sama da 1,000 a kan filin da ke kewaye da filin.

An gudanar da wasan farko a filin wasa na Dial–Roberson a ranar 4 ga Satumba, 2004. Polar Bears ta doke Westminster College da ci 31–0.  An sanya wa filin wasa suna ne don Jim da Nidrah Dial, da kuma tsohon kocin ONU Arden Roberson. Abokin Roberson kuma kocin kwallon kafa na Ohio State Buckeyes Jim Tressel ne ya wakilci Roberson a bikin ƙaddamar da wurin, wanda aka gudanar a ranar 25 ga Satumba, 2004. 

Kafin buɗe filin wasan, 'yan wasan Polar Bears sun buga wasa a filin wasa na Ada War Memorial.

## Manazarta
Gidan Tarihi na Kasa na Georgia

**Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa na Georgia** (Georgian) ya haɗa manyan gidajen tarihi da dama a Georgia . An kafa gidan tarihin a cikin tsarin gyare-gyare na tsari, cibiyoyi, da na shari'a da nufin sabunta tsarin gudanarwa na cibiyoyin da ke cikin wannan cibiyar sadarwa, da kuma daidaita ayyukan bincike da ilimi. Tun lokacin da aka kafa shi a ranar 30 ga Disamba, 2004, Farfesa David Lordkipanidze ne ya jagoranci Gidan Tarihin. 

Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa na Georgian ya haɗa da kula da gidajen tarihi masu zuwa:

* Simon Janashia Museum of Jojiya, Tbilisi
* Gidan Tarihi na Samtskhe-Javakheti, Akhaltsikhe
* Gidan Tarihi na Buɗewar Hannu na Ethnography, Tbilisi
* Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Georgia, Tbilisi, da rassansa
* Gidan Tarihi na Mallakar Soviet, Tbilisi
* Gidan Tarihi na Dmanisi - Tanadin Tarihi da Kimiyyar Kayan Tarihi, Dmanisi
* Gidan Tarihi na Vani-Reshen Kimiyyar Kayan Tarihi, Vani
* Gidan Tarihi na Tbilisi, Tbilisi
* Gidan Tarihi da Tarihin Al'adu na Svaneti, Mestia
* Cibiyar Nazarin Halittu ta Paleo, Tbilisi  
* Gidan Tarihi na Sighnaghi, Sighnaghi
* Gidan kayan tarihi na Bolnisi, Bolnis 

## Manazarta
Kudancin daji na Costa Rica

Yankin **dazuzzukan da ke da danshi na yanayi na Costa Rica** (WWF ID: NT0119) ya ƙunshi gangaren Pacific na tsaunukan aman wuta na arewa maso yammacin Costa Rica da kuma kudu maso yammacin Nicaragua . Yankin yana da yanayi na musamman na bushewa wanda a lokacin bishiyoyin da ke da danshi ke zubar da ganyensu. Dazuzzukan da kansu sun lalace sosai a baya ta hanyar komawa ga noma da zama. Babban birnin Costa Rica na San Jose yana tsakiyar wannan yanki na da.    

## Wuri da bayanin
Tsaunukan tsaunuka na arewacin Costa Rica, Cordillera de Guanacaste, sun kai tsawon kilomita 110 daga kan iyaka da Nicaragua kudu maso gabas zuwa Cordillera Central na Costa Rica (Costa Rica) . Yayin da tsaunukan ke faruwa inda Cocos Plate ke ƙarƙashin Caribbean Plate, akwai stratovolcanoes da yawa a cikin Cordillera de Guancaste. Matsakaicin tsayi a yankin yanayi shine  ; mafi girman matsayi shine  .  Yankin muhalli da ke gabas a tsaunuka mafi girma shine yankin muhalli da dazuzzukan tsaunukan Talamancan . A ƙananan tsaunuka zuwa yamma, yankin muhalli da ke kan iyaka shine yankin dazuzzukan busassun Amurka ta Tsakiya .

## Yanayi
Yanayin yanayin muhalli shine *yanayin ruwan sama na wurare masu zafi* ( Köppen climate classification (Am) ). Wannan yanayi yana da yanayin zafi mai daidaito a duk shekara (duk watanni sun fi  girma). matsakaicin zafin jiki), da kuma lokacin rani mai ƙarfi. Watan da ya fi bushewa yana da ƙasa da mm 60 na ruwan sama, amma ya fi (100-(matsakaicin/25) mm. Wannan yanayi yana tsakanin dazuzzukan ruwan sama na wurare masu zafi da kuma savannah na wurare masu zafi.   Matsakaicin ruwan sama yana kaiwa mm 1,500 a kowace shekara, yawanci yana faɗuwa a lokacin 'damina' na Afrilu zuwa Oktoba. 

## Flora da fauna
Kimanin kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yankin muhallin muhallin an rufe shi dajin da ba ya bushewa, kashi ɗaya bisa uku kuma dajin da ba ya bushewa iri-iri ne, kuma kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yankin an mayar da shi noma.  Saboda yankin muhallin yana cikin inuwar ruwan sama na tsaunuka, akwai lokacin rani na musamman (Disamba zuwa Maris). Shuke-shuken yankin sun haɓaka daidaitawa don jure wa lokacin rani, kamar yadda bishiyoyin da ke bushewa ke zubar da ganyensu a lokacin hunturu.

## Yankunan da aka kare
Kashi 11% na yankin muhalli an kare shi a hukumance.  Waɗannan yankunan da aka kare sun haɗa da:

## Manazarta
Cibiyar Kula da Harkokin Kasuwanci ta Jami'ar

**Cibiyar Kafa ta Jami'a** ita ce kawai cibiyar musamman ta cikakken aiki a yankin Yammacin Amurka, ciki har da ayyukan sake gina gidajen haɗin gwiwa, magungunan wasanni, tiyatar ƙashi na yara, cututtukan ƙashi, hannu, ƙafa da idon sawu, rauni, ciwon daji na tsoka, kafada da gwiwar hannu, da kuma maganin motsa jiki . 

## Tarihi
A shekarar 1957, an naɗa Sherman S. Coleman, MD, a matsayin shugaban Sashen Tiyatar Kasusuwa a Makarantar Likitanci ta Jami'ar Utah kuma Babban Likitan Fiɗa na Asibitin Shriners da aka buɗe a lokacin. Wannan ya fara aikin tiyatar ƙashi a Makarantar Likitanci ta Jami'ar Utah. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

Dr. Harold Dunn ya shiga wannan sashe a shekarar 1969, inda ya mayar da hankali kan ciwon scoliosis, raunin kashin baya, da kuma maye gurbin gaɓoɓi gaba ɗaya. Tunda Coleman ya sami ƙwarewa sosai a fannin ƙashin baya na yara da kuma a matsayin likitan ƙashin baya na tsoka, an ɗauki Makarantar Likitanci ta Jami'ar Utah a wani sabon salo na kula da ƙashin baya. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

A shekarar 1967, Asibitin Gundumar ya rufe, kuma Cibiyar Kimiyyar Lafiya ta Jami'ar Utah ta buɗe a babban harabar jami'ar. Ta ci gaba da zama a wurin har zuwa 1981, lokacin da ta koma wani sabon gini mai girma da ke kusa da ita. An sake mayar da asibitin a ranar 4 ga Oktoba, 2004, lokacin da sabuwar Cibiyar Kula da Kashi ta Jami'ar ta fara aiki da marasa lafiya na farko, inda take zaune a yanzu. 

## Harabar likitanci
Harabar likitanci ta Jami'ar Utah Health Sciences tana ɗauke da Intermountain Burn Unit, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Moran Eye Center, University Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of Utah Hospital, da Primary Children's Medical Center, asibitin yara ɗaya tilo a Utah. Asibitin yara na firamare, duk da cewa yana da alaƙa da Jami'ar Utah Health Care mallakar Intermountain Health Care ne (Select Care). &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

A matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan tsarin, Asibitoci da Asibitoci na Jami'a sun dogara ne akan likitoci sama da 1,100 waɗanda hukumar ta ba da izini, asibitoci 10 na al'umma, da cibiyoyin musamman da dama, ciki har da Cibiyar Zuciya da Jijiyoyin Jiki, Cibiyar Nazarin Jijiyoyin Jiki ta Asibiti, da Cibiyar Ciwon Suga ta Utah. 

## Manazarta
Bradley Selway

**Bradley Maxwell Selway** QC (9 ga Janairu 1955 – 10 ga Afrilu 2005) Alkali ne a Kotun Tarayya ta Ostiraliya daga 2002 har zuwa rasuwarsa.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Selway a ranar 9 ga Janairu, 1955 a Gawler, Kudancin Ostiraliya. Karatunsa na sakandare, wanda ya sami cikakken tallafin karatu, ya yi karatunsa ne a Makarantar Westminster, Adelaide. Ya ci gaba da karatun lauya a Jami'ar Adelaide daga 1973 zuwa 1976.

## Sana'a
Bayan kammala karatunsa daga makarantar lauya, ya yi aiki na tsawon shekaru da yawa a Ofishin Lauyoyi na Kudancin Ostiraliya. Daga shekarun 1980, an naɗa shi a jerin manyan mukamai: Lauyan Sarauta (1989), Lauyan Sarauniya (1994) da Lauyan Janar (1995-2002).[1] [2]

A shekara ta 2002, an naɗa Selway a matsayin Alkalin Kotun Tarayya, da kuma Farfesa na Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Adelaide. Ya mutu a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 2005, yana da shekaru 50.

## Ayyukan da aka buga

* *Dokar Jama'a da Masarautar Kudancin Ostiraliya* (1990)
* *Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Kudancin Ostiraliya* (1997)

## Manazarta
Maasai Mara

Maasai Mara, wani lokacin kuma ana rubuta ta da Masai Mara kuma an san ta da sunan Mara a yankin, babban wurin kiwon dabbobi ne na ƙasa a gundumar Narok, Kenya, kusa da Serengeti National Park a Tanzania . An sanya mata suna don girmama mutanen Maasai, kakannin mazauna yankin, waɗanda suka yi ƙaura zuwa yankin daga Kogin Nilu . Bayaninsu game da yankin idan aka duba daga nesa: "Mara" yana nufin "an gano" a cikin harshen Maa saboda gajerun bishiyoyin da ke kewaye da yanayin ƙasa.

Maasai Mara tana ɗaya daga cikin wuraren kiyaye namun daji da kuma hamada a Afirka, tare da yawan zakoki, damisa, damisa da kuma giwayen daji na Afirka . Tana kuma karɓar bakuncin Babban Hijira, wanda ya tabbatar da ita a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Abubuwan Al'ajabi Bakwai na Afirka, kuma a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Abubuwan Al'ajabi goma na Duniya .

Babban hijira yawanci yana faruwa ne a watan Yuli ya danganta da yanayi yayin da namun daji ke yawo da yawa suna ketare Kogin Mara daga Tanzania.

Tsarin halittu na Greater Mara ya ƙunshi yankuna da aka sani da Maasai Mara National Reserve, Mara Triangle, da dama daga cikin wuraren kiwon Maasai, da kuma Maasai Mara Conservancy .  

## Tarihi
Lokacin da aka kafa Maasai Mara a shekarar 1961  a matsayin wurin ajiye namun daji, ya rufe  kacal   na yankin da ake ciki a yanzu, gami da Mara Triangle. An faɗaɗa yankin zuwa gabas a shekarar 1961 don ya mamaye    kuma an mayar da shi wurin ajiyar dabbobi. Majalisar Gundumar Narok ta karɓi ragamar kula da wurin ajiyar dabbobi a wannan lokacin.  An ba wa wani ɓangare na wurin ajiyar dabbobi na ƙasa matsayin wurin ajiyar dabbobi na ƙasa a shekarar 1974,   kuma an mayar da sauran yankin 159km² ga al'ummomin yankin. Ƙarin    an cire su daga wurin ajiyar a shekarar 1976, kuma an rage wurin shakatawa zuwa    a shekarar 1984. 

Kabilar Maasai ta ƙunshi al'umma da ta mamaye arewa, tsakiya da kudancin Kenya da kuma arewacin Tanzania. Kabilar Maasai ta dogara ne da filayensu don kula da shanunsu, da kuma kansu da iyalansu. Kafin kafa ma'ajiyar, an tilasta wa Maasai ƙaura daga ƙasashensu na asali. Wasu daga cikin wannan ya faru ne saboda barkewar cutar kyanda a tsakanin mutane da kuma barkewar ƙwari a tsakanin shanu . 

Al'ada ta ci gaba da taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar mutanen Maasai na zamani, waɗanda aka san su da tsayin tsayinsu, shukas masu tsari da kuma kayan ado na dutse. A shekarar 2008, an kiyasta cewa mutane kusan rabin miliyan ne  suka yi amfani da yaren Maa . Wannan adadin ya haɗa da mutanen Maasai kawai, har ma da mutanen Samburu da Ilchamus a Kenya. 

A lokacin koma bayan tattalin arziki da ya shafi COVID-19 a fannin yawon bude ido, Conservation International Kenya da abokan hulɗarta sun kafa Asusun Ceto na Maasai Mara don taimakawa kiyaye namun daji don biyan kuɗin haya ga masu filaye da rage matsin lamba don sauya filaye.   

## Manazarta
Elizabeth Salter

**Elizabeth Fulton Salter** (2 Oktoba 1918 - 14 Maris 1981) marubuciyar tarihin rayuwa ce kuma marubuciyar labaran laifuka ta Australiya. Ta kasance sakatare ga Edith Sitwell daga 1957 har zuwa mutuwarta a 1964.

## Ilimi da aiki
An haifi Salter a Angaston a cikin kwarin Barossa kuma ta yi karatu a gida sannan ta yi karatu a Makarantar Wilderness. Ta kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Adelaide da kuma Kwalejin Kiɗa ta Elder.

Ta ƙaura zuwa Ingila a shekarar 1952 kuma inda ta sami aiki a BBC, kafin a ɗauke ta aiki a matsayin sakatare ga Edith Sitwell a shekarar 1957. Duk da cewa tana zaune a Hampstead, Salter ta ci gaba da jin kamar ita 'yar ƙasar Australia ce. 

A lokacin da yake yin bitar tarihin rayuwar Salter game da Sitwell a shekarar 1967, John Whitwell ya rubuta a cikin jaridar The Canberra Times, "A matsayinta na 'yar ƙasar Australiya, Miss Salter ta sami damar zurfafa ƙa'idodin da Dame Edith ta rayu a cikinsu, wanda hakan ya ba ta damar amfanar kowanne. Littafinta ya kasance mai sauƙi da dacewa tare da littattafan tarihin rayuwarta kamar littafin Neville Cardus game da Sir Thomas Beecham ." [1]

An ba Salter kyautar Commonwealth Literary Fellowship a shekarar 1969 don yin bincike da rubuta tarihin rayuwar Daisy Bates. An sayar da haƙƙin fim ga Katharine Hepburn da Robert Helpmann kafin a kammala littafin.  Daga baya Eleanor Witcombe ya daidaita shi don fim, inda Hepburn ya ɗauki matsayin jagora. 

A ɗaya daga cikin ziyara da ta kai ƙasar Ostiraliya a shekarar 1980, tana neman rubuta tarihin rayuwar Maie, Lady Casey.

Salter ya mutu a Landan a ranar 14 ga Maris 1981.

Laburaren Ƙasa na Ostiraliya yana ɗauke da akwatuna 27 na takardunta.

## Manazarta
Majalisar Deori mai cin gashin kanta

**Majalisar Deori mai cin gashin kanta (DAC)** majalisar gunduma ce mai cin gashin kanta a gundumar Lakhimpur da ke jihar Assam a Indiya .

## Tarihi
An kafa Majalisar Deori mai cin gashin kanta a shekarar 2005 bayan yarjejeniya tsakanin Gwamnatin Assam da wakilan mutanen Deori waɗanda ke son samun 'yancin cin gashin kai ga yankin.  An gudanar da zaɓen farko na majalisar a shekarar 2007.

## Tsarin gini

### Majalisar Deori Mai Zaman Kanta
A baya, Majalisar Deori mai cin gashin kanta tana da mambobi 20, inda 18 daga cikinsu aka zaɓa ta hanyar tsarin farko bayan tsarin matsayi, sannan 2 daga gwamnatin Assam aka zaɓa. Daga cikin kujerun da aka zaɓa, an ware tara ga 'yan ƙabilun da aka tsara, uku kuma ga mata.

Dokar Majalisar Deori mai cin gashin kanta (Gyara) ta shekarar 2021 ta ƙara yawan kujeru zuwa 26, daga cikinsu za a zaɓi kujeru 22 kai tsaye kuma Gwamnati za ta zaɓi kujeru 4. Daga cikin kujeru 22 da aka zaɓa, za a ware kujeru 18 ga ƙabilun da aka tsara, za a ware kujeru 3 ga mata sannan kuma za a ware kujera 1 ga rukuni na gaba ɗaya. 

### Majalisun ƙauye
Kowace ƙauye a yankin tana zaɓar majalisar ƙauye mai membobi 10 waɗanda aƙalla biyar daga cikinsu dole ne su fito daga al'ummar Deori, aƙalla mace ɗaya. Kowace majalisar ƙauye shugaba ce ke jagorantarta. 

## Manazarta
Kwadaso Municipal District

**Gundumar Kwadaso** tana ɗaya daga cikin gundumomi arba'in da uku a Yankin Ashanti, Ghana .     Asali, majalisar gundumar birni ce a cikin Majalisar Birni ta Kumasi har zuwa 15 ga Maris 2018, lokacin da aka ɗaga ta zuwa matsayin majalisar gundumomi ta birni don zama Gundumar Kwadaso. Gundumar tana tsakiyar yankin Ashanti kuma tana da Kwadaso a matsayin babban birninta.  

## Manazarta
Fritz Goerdeler

**Fritz Hermann Goerdeler** (6 Maris 1886 - 1 Maris 1945) ya kasance lauya ne kuma mai gwagwarmayar adawa. 	

An haifi Goerdeler a matsayin ƙaramin ɗan'uwan Carl Friedrich Goerdeler ne a Schneidemühl (a yau Piła, Poland) kuma ya girma a Marienwerder, inda mahaifinsa ya hau mulki a matsayin alƙali a kotun yankin a cikin 1890.  Goerdeler ya yi karatun shari'a kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya. A shekara ta 1920 ya zama magajin gari na Marienwerder kuma an sake zabarsa a 1932, duk da haka an tilasta masa barin wannan mukamin a 1933 bayan ya ki shiga Jam'iyyar Nazi.

Goerdeler ya zama wakilin majalisa na Königsberg daga 1934 har zuwa 1944 kuma ya shiga ƙungiyar adawa ta Jamus a kan Nazis. Yana da kusanci da juriya ta soja musamman a Gabashin Prussia . [1]

An daure Goerdeler bayan da aka gaza a ranar 20 ga Yuli kuma Volksgerichtshof ta yanke masa hukuncin kisa a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu 1945. An rataye shi a gidan yarin Plötzensee a ranar 1 ga Maris 1945. 

Goerdeler ya yi aure kuma yana da 'ya'ya mata uku da ɗa.

## Manazarta

* [Hasiya] An yi amfani da kalmar nan "Kwamishina"  (2008): Shaan Ende schaut an ..." - Evangelische Märtyrer na 20. Jaridu. 2. , ƙauye. u. aikatau. [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig, shafi na 282 f
Egbert Hayessen

**Egbert Hayessen** (28 Disamba 1913 - 15 Agusta 1944) ya kasance mayaƙan adawa na Jamus a cikin gwagwarmayar da Adolf Hitler, kuma babban soja.

An haife shi a Eisleben, Hayessen ya girma a yankin Hessian na Mittelhof kusa da Felsberg-Gensungen . A shekara ta 1924, ya tafi Roßleben . A can, a cikin 1933 a Makarantar Masallacin Roßleben ya yi Abitur. Bayan Abitur, Hayessen ya kammala horo na soja a Artillery Regiment na 12 a Schwerin a matsayin jami'in aiki kuma ya tashi zuwa babban jami'in Janar tare da Janar Friedrich Fromm, Babban Kwamandan Sojojin Tsaro. Hayessen ya fara koyo game da makircin da aka yi wa Hitler da Operation Valkyrie a ranar 15 ga Yuli 1944 daga Robert Bernardis . Ya juya baya daga National Socialism kuma ya shiga cikin yunkurin kashe Hitler a Wolf's Lair a Gabashin Prussia a ranar 20 ga Yulin 1944, yana ɗaukar haɗin da ake tsammani tsakanin Kwamandan Birnin Paul von Hase da Shugaban 'yan sanda Wolf-Heinrich Graf von Helldorf. A ranar harin, Egbert Hayessen ya kawo Paul von Hase labarin kama Janar Fromm a hedkwatar Bendlerstraße a Berlin. A ofishin Kwamandan Birnin, Hayessen ya shiga cikin shirye-shiryen mamaye ginin rediyo a Berlin da kuma kama Ministan Yada Joseph Goebbels.

A ranar 15 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1944, an yanke Hayessen hukuncin kisa ta hanyar ratayewa a *Volksgerichtshof*, kuma an yanke hukuncin a wannan rana a gidan yarin Plötzensee a Berlin.

An tuna da Egbert Hayessen a Cibiyar Tunawa da Plötzensee . Bugu da ƙari, ana iya ganin takardar tunawa da aikin lamirinsa a waje da Mittelhof kusa da Gensungen.

## Littattafai

* Cibiyar Tunawa da Plötzensee

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje

* Tarihi a ''Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand''  An adana shi 2011-07-19 a 
* Labari game da Hayessen a shafin yanar gizon makarantarsa An adana shi 2011-07-19 a
Theodor Haubach

**Theodor Haubach** (15 Satumba 1896 a Frankfurt da Main - 23 Janairu 1945 a Berlin) ɗan Nazi" id="mwDw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="German resistance to Nazism">juriya Jamus ne, ɗan siyasa na SPD, kuma mai gwagwarmayar adawa da mulkin Nazi .

Theodor Haubach ya yi yarantakarsa da ƙuruciya a Darmstadt . A shekara ta 1914, bayan *Abitur*, ya shiga Yaƙin Duniya na farko a matsayin mai sa kai, kuma an ji masa rauni sau da yawa. Bayan tsoratar da abubuwan da ya faru a lokacin yaƙi, Haubach ya ci gaba da karatu. Daga 1919 zuwa 1923, ya yi karatun falsafar, ilimin zamantakewa, da tattalin arziki kuma daga ƙarshe ya kammala karatu. Ya zuwa 1920, Haubach, kamar abokinsa Carlo Mierendorff, memba ne na SPD kuma ya yi aiki tare da Matasa Socialists. Daga 1924 zuwa 1929 ya kasance editan jarida *Hamburg Echo*, kuma daga baya (1929-1933) abokin tarayya a Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ta Reich da kuma Shugaban 'Yan sanda na Berlin. Daga 1924 Haubach ya kasance babban memba na Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold, ƙungiyar da ta yi yaƙi sosai don Dimokuradiyya ta Weimar kuma ta yi gwagwarmaya sosai a ƙarƙashin alamar "Arrows Uku" a kan Nazis, waɗanda ke neman iko.

Da farko a watan Fabrairun 1933, Haubach, kamar yawancin mambobin SPD, gwamnatin Nazi ta tsananta masa. Bayan kama shi na farko a 1934, an tsare shi a sansanin fursuna na Esterwegen. Daga 1935, ya yi aiki a matsayin wakilin inshora, kuma daga baya ya kafa lambobin sadarwa tare da Kreisau Circle. Bayan yunkurin da aka yi wa rayuwar Hitler a Wolf's Lair a Gabashin Prussia a ranar 20 ga Yulin 1944, an kama Haubach kuma an yanke masa hukuncin kisa ta Nazi "Court of People" (Volksgerichtshof). Yanzu yana da rashin lafiya sosai, an rataye Theodor Haubach a ranar 23 ga Janairun 1945 tare da Helmuth James Graf von Moltke a gidan yarin Plötzensee a Berlin.

## Littattafai

* Peter Zimmermann: *Theodor Haubach (1896-1945) - Eine politische Biographie* . Hamburg 2004, shafuka 454,  , 30,00 Yuro
* Mai fafutuka Sozialdemokrat. Carlo Mierendorff 1897 bis 1943. Eine Biografie von Richard Albrecht (JHW Dietz Nachf., 1987, shafi na 464,  ) 
* "Symbolkrieg" a cikin Deutschland; tarihin-biografische Skizze von Richard Albrecht (MuK/Universität Siegen, 1986, 52 p.;  ) 

## Haɗin waje

* Theodor Haubacha cikinLaburaren Kasa na Jamuskatako
* Tarihin rayuwar Haubach a shafukan makarantar sakandare ta Theodor Haubach, Berlin-Tempelhof 
* Tarihin Haubach An adana shi 2005-10-28 a  a shafukan makarantar Theodor Haubach, Hamburg-Altona.
* Kreisau-Initiative Berlin e.V. wanda ke damuwa da kansa tare da tunawa da Kreisau Circle.

: (duk a cikin Jamusanci) 

* Newspaper clippings about Theodor Haubacha cikinTarihin Jaridu na Karni na 20naZBW