Fiona Watt

**Fiona Watt**, FRS FMedSci (an haife ta a ranar 28 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1956) masanin kimiyya ne na Burtaniya wanda aka sani da duniya saboda gudummawar da ta bayar a fannin ilmin halitta. A cikin shekarun 1980s, lokacin da filin yake cikin jariri, ta nuna mahimman halaye na ƙwayoyin halitta da mahallinsu waɗanda suka kafa tushe don yawancin bincike na yau.

Watt shi ne Darakta na Ƙungiyar Kwayoyin Kwayoyin Turai (EMBO).  A baya ta yi aiki a matsayin darakta na Cibiyar Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine a Kwalejin King ta London, da kuma shugaban zartarwa na Majalisar Binciken Kiwon Lafiya (United Kingdom) (MRC), ta zama mace ta farko da ta jagoranci MRC tun lokacin da aka kafa ta a 1913. 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Watt ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar halitta a shekara ta 1976, kuma ta sami digiri a shekara ta 1979, duka a Kwalejin Murray Edwards, Jami'ar Cambridge . Ta kuma sami digiri na Doctor of Philosophy daga Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Jami'ar Oxford a 1979, wanda Henry Harris ke kula da shi tare da rubutun kan cibiyoyin shirya Microtubule a cikin al'adu da kuma a cikin hybrids da aka samo daga gare su.

## Ayyuka

### Bincike
Babban gudummawar bincike na Watt shine don bayyana yadda ake kiyaye murfin waje na fata na dabbobi masu shayarwa, epidermis, ta hanyar sabuntawa na sel masu tushe da bambancin ƙarshe na zuriyarsu. Yin amfani da epidermis na ɗan adam da aka gyara da kwayoyin halitta, ta fara gano yawan ƙwayoyin halitta kuma ta bayyana matsayin integrin,  Notch,  Wnt  da mai karɓar tyrosine kinase  nunawa wajen daidaita halayensu. Ta gano alamar farko, integrin extracellular matrix (ECM) masu karɓa, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don ware ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin epidermal  - masu bincike daga baya sun gano cewa wannan alamar tana wadata ga ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwa a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa. Bugu da kari, wasu sun tabbatar da ainihin ra'ayinta cewa ECM shine babban bangare na ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwaya.

Binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje ya kuma nuna cewa hulɗar tsakanin sakonni daban-daban na ciki da na waje yana da mahimmanci ga ƙayyade makomar tantanin halitta,  sun gano hanyoyin ji daban-daban da hanyoyin siginar ƙasa,  kuma sun bayyana yanayin sauyawa tsakanin ƙwayoyin halitta da ƙwayoyin rarrabe. 

Wani jagora na Bayanan bayyanar kwayar halitta guda ɗaya,  ta nuna cewa jihohin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta daban-daban na mutum ba su da tsinkaye amma suna nuna kasancewar ƙwayoyin ƙwayar halitta waɗanda ba a gano su ba a baya. Ta hanyar nuna wanzuwar nau'ikan fibroblast na fata daban-daban  ta buɗe hanya don sabbin dabarun don magance scarring da fibrosis.

Ayyukan Watt sun haifar da sabbin fahimta game da yadda deregulation na epidermal ke haifar da samuwar kumburi, gami da rawar da ƙwayoyin halitta masu rarrabe suka taka,  kwayoyin cuta da ƙwayohin rigakafi.  Ta gano sabbin hanyoyin da integrins ke ba da gudummawa ga ciwon daji, gami da maye gurbi integrin na farko da ke da alaƙa da ciwon daji. Ta kuma gano maye gurbin Wnt na farko wanda ke motsa ciwon daji. An tabbatar da yawan abubuwan da ta lura a wasu ciwon daji. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan ta ƙara sha'awar dangantakar da ke tsakanin bambance-bambance na kwayoyin halitta da halayyar tantanin halitta.

### Jagora

Watt ya taka muhimmiyar Rayuwa wajen inganta saka hannun jari na gwamnatin Burtaniya a cikin binciken tantanin halitta, alal misali, a matsayin ƙwararren mai ba da shawara ga Kwamitin Kimiyya da Fasaha na House of Lords. Har ila yau, ita ce tsohuwar shugabar British Society for Cell Biology da International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR). Ta yi aiki a matsayin Babban Edita na Journal of Cell Science na tsawon shekaru 20 sannan kuma a matsayin Mataimakin Edita na eLife. Watt mai ba da shawara ce ga mata a kimiyya. A cikin jerin labaran [1] da hira da mata masana kimiyya (2004-2005), ta bincika gwagwarmayar da mata ke fuskanta a 'suna zuwa saman'.[2]

A Majalisar Binciken Kiwon Lafiya ta ƙaddamar da shirin don ba da damar likitoci na cikakken lokaci don shiga cikin bincike; ta yi aiki tare da ɗaliban Black da Minority Ethnic PhD don gano sabbin hanyoyin tallafawa ayyukansu na ilimi; kuma ta haɓaka sabbin shirye-shirye a cikin multimorbidity, lafiyar kwakwalwa ta matasa da ciwo. A cikin 2020, Watt ya jagoranci kokarin tallafawa binciken coronavirus, yana taimakawa wajen tabbatar da cewa an ba da kyaututtuka na farko daga UKRI / DHSC kamar yadda sikelin cutar ya bayyana. A lokacin da Watt ke aiki a matsayin Shugaban Zartarwa na MRC, ta lura da shawarar rufe Sashin Magunguna na Mammalian. Fiye da masu bincike 150 da manyan masana kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta a duniya sun yi tir da wannan shawarar dabarun, ciki har da Elizabeth Fisher da Robin Lovell-Badge .  Bayan sake dubawa na dabarun a cikin 2019, Majalisar MRC ta kammala cewa a cikin hasken ci gaban kimiyya don ƙirƙirar samfuran linzamin kwamfuta masu rikitarwa, ya dace don mayar da hankali kan sabbin saka hannun jari a kan shirye-shiryen da aka yi niyya waɗanda aka haɗa tare da ƙirar cututtukan ɗan adam. Farfesa Owen Sansom an nada shi Darakta na sabon Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin Kwayoyin Kwayar Kwayar Kwalejin Kwalejin. Majalisar Binciken Kiwon Lafiya ta saka hannun jari sama da fam miliyan 20  a cikin hanyar sadarwar da ke tattare da kunshin ƙalubalen da aka rarraba a duk faɗin Burtaniya da haɗin gwiwa na dogon lokaci tare da Cibiyar Mary Lyon a Harwell.   A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2020 ne aka kaddamar da bincike ta hanyar Bincike da Innovation na Burtaniya (UKRI), wanda ya tabbatar da cewa Watt ya yi aiki a hanyar zalunci. Ta ba da takardar neman gafara ga mutane da yawa. Watt ta ci gaba da aiki har sai lokacinta a matsayin Shugaban Zartarwa na MRC ya ƙare a farkon 2022, sannan ta ɗauki sabon matsayinta a matsayin darakta na Kungiyar Molecular Biology ta Turai.

## Manazarta