Kabarin Yahudawa na Maitland

**Kabarin Yahudawa na Maitland** wani kabari ne da aka rufe a 112-114 Louth Park Road, South Maitland, City of Maitland , New South Wales, Australia . An yi amfani da shi daga 1846 zuwa 1934. Ginin mallakar Maitland City Council ne. An kara shi a cikin New South Wales State Heritage Register a ranar 7 ga Maris 2014. 

## Tarihi
Yayinda mulkin mallaka na New South Wales ya fadada cikin Hunter Valley a farkon karni na 19, tare da Maitland da aka sanya shi a kan Kogin Hunter, nan da nan ya zama sabon gari mai tasowa don kasuwanci da kasuwanci tsakanin yankin da Sydney. An san shi a lokacin da Wallis Plains, kafawa da nasarar cinikin jigilar kayayyaki a kan kogi ya haifar da fadada gundumar yayin da aka ba da tallafin ƙasa tsakanin mazauna, da yawa daga cikinsu 'yan kasuwa ne na Yahudawa. Da yake kawo ƙwarewar kasuwancin su daga Sydney, kuma sau da yawa daga asalin ƙasarsu Ingila, masu mulkin mallaka na Yahudawa nan da nan suka zama shugabannin masu arziki na al'umma mai tasowa kuma sun kafa tushe mai ƙarfi ga ƙananan al'ummar Yahudawa na yankin.

Masu mulkin mallaka sukan yi amfani da bin al'ada don kafa al'umma da haɗa mutane zuwa sabon wuri. A matsayin mabiyan addinin Orthodox, ba da daɗewa ba al'ummar Yahudawa sun kafa wani wurin binnewa wanda za a kiyaye bukukuwan binnewa da al'adun addinin. Dangane da al'adar Yahudawa, an sami wani yanki na ƙasa a cikin 1846 bayan gefen garin kuma a cikin wani yanki da aka ware daga mazaunan makwabta. An samu "bisa ga amincewa da wurin binnewa don shigar da (sic) ga matattu mambobin addinin Yahudawa" : 15 jana'izar farko don makabartar ta faru ne a 1849 ga matashi Jane Cohen, yarinya mai shekaru 11 wacce ta mutu daga annobar cutar scarlet fever ta lokacin. 

Yayinda ƙarfin al'ummar Yahudawa ya karu a yankin, haka ma yawan jana'iza a makabartar. An kafa tsarin gida a shafin don karɓar matattu kuma inda za a iya yin al'ada da addu'a kafin binnewa. Rashin wani kabari na Yahudawa da aka keɓe a arewacin Sydney ya kuma sayi Yahudawa daga nesa don binnewa.

Ƙarfin al'ummar Yahudawa a tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen karni na 19 an kuma nuna shi a cikin gina Majami'ar Maitland a cikin 1879. Koyaya, lokacin da majami'ar ta daina aiki a matsayin wurin ibada a cikin 1898, a bayyane yake cewa kasancewar al'ummar Yahudawa a Maitland tana rawar jiki. Yayin da yawan al'umma ya ragu a hankali, haka ma yawan jana'izar da ke faruwa a makabartar. Bayan jana'izar karshe a 1934, an dauki makabarta a matsayin "cike".[1]￼

Yayin da shekaru suka wuce, makabartar ta fuskanci lokutan sakaci. An cire gidan, ambaliyar ruwa ta lokaci-lokaci ta mamaye shafin kuma ciyayi a hankali sun mallaki iko. Sabunta sha'awar al'umma a cikin shafin tarihi ya samo asali a cikin 'yan shekarun nan kuma an sake tsarkake makabartar a cikin 1979. An canja mallakar ga Maitland City Council a 1992 kuma an yi jana'izar karshe a 2010. Bayan wannan, an rufe makabarta a hukumance.

## Bayyanawa
Yana da nisan kilomita 3 (1.9  daga tsakiyar Maitland, Kabarin Yahudawa yana zaune a ƙarshen ƙanƙanin hanyar da ba a rufe ba a cikin filin karkara. Dangane da al'adar Yahudawa, an kafa makabartar bayan ƙauyen kuma kaburbura sun kasance suna fuskantar yamma daga ƙauyen makwabta da mazaunanta.

An kewaye shi da tashar waya da shinge na waya (wanda ya maye gurbin shinge na katako na baya), makabartar ta ƙunshi wuraren binnewa 53. An sanya su a cikin layuka huɗu, an shimfiɗa kaburbura a arewa maso kudu tare da jana'izar da ta gabata a mafi girman matsayi yayin da kaburbura na baya suka ci gaba da saukowa a wurin da ke gangara. An sanya jerin kaburbura na yara a kan iyakar arewa.

Daga cikin kaburbura 53, manyan duwatsu 46 sun kasance a cikin jihohi daban-daban na gyare-gyare. Yawanci daga 1849 zuwa 1909, rubutun Ibrananci da Ingilishi na iya ɓacewa tare da shekaru amma tsari da kayan ado na abubuwan tunawa sun nuna muhimmancin bin addinin Yahudawa yayin tsarin binnewa. Mafi yawa a hankali a yanayi, abubuwan tunawa suna nuna al'adar Yahudawa cewa "a mutuwa, duk suna daidai".   : 16 

### Yanayin
Ya zuwa 18 ga Yulin 2013, daga cikin wuraren kaburbura 53, manyan duwatsu 46 sun kasance a cikin jihohi daban-daban na gyare-gyare. Yawanci daga 1849 zuwa 1909, yawancin rubutun Ibrananci da Ingilishi sun ɓace tare da shekaru da yanayin yanayi. Wasu dutsen dutse ma sun rushe amma ayyukan kiyayewa na baya-bayan nan (2013-14) sun ga maido da yawancin duwatsu.

Yanayin karkara na shafin yana nunawa a cikin yanayin ciyawa na makabartar. Koyaya, wannan yana karɓar kulawa ta yau da kullun.

Ginin waya da shinge da ke kewaye da makabarta yana ba da damar dabbobi makwabta su yi kiwo a gefen makabarta wanda zai iya haifar da raguwa ko rushewar abubuwan tunawa da ke waje. Ginin na yanzu ya maye gurbin shinge na katako na baya wanda zai iya zama maye gurbin a wani lokaci na gaba.

Daga cikin wuraren binnewa 53 a cikin makabartar, riƙewar abubuwan tunawa na dutse 46 ya sa makabartar ta zama mafi kyawun makabartar Yahudawa a NSW.

## Dubi kuma

* Tarihin Yahudawa a Ostiraliya
* Jerin majami'u a Ostiraliya da New Zealand
* Majami'ar Maitland

## Manazarta