open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Odu'a Investment Company

**Kamfanin Odu'a Investment Company Limited** wanda aka fi sani da OICL kamfani ne mai dabarun saka hannun jari da kuma sarrafa kadarorin da aka kafa a shekarar 1976 don rikewa da sarrafa kadarorin masana'antu da kasuwanci na kamfanoni mallakar gwamnatin Jahar Yammacin Najeriya.  An samar da shi ne bayan da aka fitar da sabbin jahohi daga yankin yammacin kasar a shekarar 1976 kuma ta fara aiki da kadarorin da ya gada na Kamfanin Raya Yammacin Najeriya. 

Daga kusan rassan goma sha bakwai inda ta sami mafi rinjaye a cikin 1985, ta ragu zuwa rassa bakwai a cikin 2019. Bukatun masana'antu da masana'antu na kamfanin sun ragu amma kamfanin ya ci gaba da saka hannun jari a bangaren gidaje  kuma yana ci gaba da ci gaba da sa hannu a cikin 'yan tsirarun kadarorin da suka gada kamar bankin WEMA, Tower Aluminum da Nijar. 

Ayyukan OICL sun sami tasiri ga ci gaban siyasa da tattalin arziki na ƙasa da yanki. A lokacin mulkin soja, gwamnonin sojoji sun zama membobin kwamitin kai tsaye amma sauye-sauyen gwamnati ko sake fasalin gwamnoni ya yi illa ga zaman lafiyar hukumar. A cikin gwamnatocin farar hula, nadi a cikin hukumar wani lokaci yana dogara ne akan goyon bayan siyasa ba bisa ilimi ko fasaha ba, tare da wadanda aka nada a matsayin wakilan jihohinsu na asali.  

## Tarihi
OICL ta gaji aikin banki (National Bank da Wema Bank), Inshora (Great Nigeria Insurance and Nigerian General Insurance) da kuma masana'antu daban-daban da Kamfanin Raya Yammacin Najeriya (WNDC) ke gudanarwa. Gwamnatin yankin Yamma ce ta kafa WNDC don yin saka hannun jari kai tsaye a sassan kasuwanci na tattalin arzikin yankin. 

A cikin shekaru goma sha biyar na farkon wanzuwarta, yawancin kadarorin da OICL ke sarrafawa kai tsaye a hankali sun rasa ƙima. Ya dogara da kudin shiga da aka samu ta hanyar saka hannun jari a cikin kamfanoni masu alaƙa inda OICL ke riƙe ƙasa da mafi yawan riba don samar da mafi yawan abin da ta samu.  Amma kamfanonin da kungiyar ke iko da su sun jawo kaso mafi girma na jarin jari.  Haka kuma kamfanin ya sha fama da rashin gudanar da ayyukan gwamnati da wawure dukiyar kasa daga manyan manajoji. 

A cikin 2015, yawancin kuɗin shiga ya samo asali ne daga hayar da aka samu daga kadarorin ta.  Don sake mayar da kamfani zuwa haɓaka, kamfanin ya ƙara zuba jari a sassan sabis waɗanda suka tabbatar da dorewa kamar dillalan inshora da dukiya. Haka kuma ta sake farfado da mallakar filaye a Jihar Ogun tare da noman gonar Tumatir a matsayin danyen kayan sarrafa Tumatir yayin da ta sake samun riba mai yawa a Kamfanin Cocoa Industries Limited. 

## Kamfanoni

* Lagos Airport Hotel
* Wemabod Estates
* Western Hotels
* Cocoa Industries Ltd
* E&O Power and Equipment Leasing Limited
* WestLink Integrated Agriculture

## Nassoshi
Splash FM (Najeriya)

Splash **FM** (105.5&nbsp;MHz) gidan rediyo ne a Ibadan, Jihar Oyo, Najeriya. Tashar tana watsa cikakken tsarin sabis tare da labarai na gida, shirye-shiryen magana da kiɗa. mallakin West Midlands Communications Limited.

## Tarihi
Cif Adebayo Muritala Akande, “Agbaakin Olubadan na Landan Ibadan”  shi ne ya kafa gidan rediyon, kuma ya fara watsa shirye-shirye a ranar 22 ga watan Maris 2007. Ita ce gidan rediyo mai zaman kanta na farko a cikin birnin Ibadan.

Babban makasudin gidan rediyon shi ne dinke barakar da ke tsakanin tashar da ake da ita da kuma al’ummar Ibadan ta hanyar sauke nauyin da ya rataya a wuyansu na yada labarai da nishadantarwa da wayar da kan jama’a. Bisa la’akari da haka, Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa (ICPC) ta mayar da ita “Tashar Integrity” ko kuma “Radio Omoluabi” a harshen Yarbanci a ranar 25 ga watan Agusta 2008.

## Marathon
Splash FM/ICPC Integrity Marathon ana shirya shi duk shekara ta Splash FM da ICPC. Tana murnar zagayowar ranar da gidan rediyon ya yi tare da wayar da kan jama'a kan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al'ummar Najeriya.   

## Fitattun masu gabatarwa
*Kolade Dominate Olowu
*Ronke Giwa-Onafuwa

## Manazarta
Zartech Farms

**Zartech Farms** (wanda aka kafa a shekara ta 1983) babbar gona ce da ke Ibadan, Najeriya wacce ta kware wajen kiwon kaji da sarrafa nama.   

## Tarihi
A shekara ta 1983, Raymond Assad Zard ya kuma fara sana’ar kiwon kaji a birnin da aka haife shi bayan nasarar da mahaifinsa ya samu a matsayin dan kasuwar koko. 

Zartech na cikin rukunin kamfanoni na ZARD wanda kuma ke aiki, Kopek Construction Limited, Vina International Limited, Ibadan International School, Sweetco Foods Limited.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* 
* Sir Ej Farms
Allianz Nigeria Insurance

**Allianz Nigeria Insurance Ltd** (Formerly **Ensure Insurance plc** ) kamfani ne mai zaman kansa a Najeriya. Hukumar inshora ta kasa ce ta ba ta lasisi, wacce ita ce babbar hukumar inshorar a Najeriya.

## Dubawa
Allianz yana siyar da sabis na inshora na rayuwa da na rayuwa waɗanda suka haɗa da abin hawa, gida, inshorar rayuwa da ilimi gami da tsare-tsaren tanadi. 

Har ila yau, kamfanin yana sayar da samfuran inshora na kasuwanci na gaba ɗaya, ciki har da wuta da haɗari na musamman, ɓarna, kwamfuta da kayan lantarki duk-hadari, kuɗi, tilas,  ƙwararrun ƙwararrun, injina  shuka duk haɗari, ƴan kwangila duk haɗari  haɓakawa, da kayayyaki-a cikin hanyar wucewa. inshora.

Ana iya tuntuɓar Inshorar Allianz a wurare masu zuwa

* Babban ofishin - Lagos Island
* Ikeja Office – Ikeja, Lagos
* Yaba Office – Yaba, Lagos
* Ofishin Festac - Garin Festac, Legas
* Abuja Office - Abuja
* Ofishin Port Harcourt – Fatakwal
* Ofishin Ibadan – Ibadan
* Benin Office - Benin City

## Tarihi
An haɗa shi a shekarar 1993 azaman Kamfanin Assurance Company plc, an sake buɗe kamfanin a matsayin Tabbatar da Inshorar plc a shekarar 2016. Allianz  ne ya saye shi a shekarar 2018 kuma ya sake masa suna Allianz Nigeria Insurance plc. A shekara ta 2017, kamfanin ya samar da manyan kudaden da aka rubuta na N7.67billion, wanda ke wakiltar karuwar kashi 86% akan 2016 (N4.19billion). A watan Mayu 2018, Allianz Nigeria Insurance plc a hukumance ya zama kamfani na The Allianz Group. A watan Disamba na shekarar 2020, bisa dabarar sa, an kammala mayar da hannun jarin kamfanin gaba daya, kuma Allianz Nigeria Insurance plc ya daina aiki a matsayin kamfani na kasuwanci. Daga yanzu zai yi aiki a matsayin Allianz Nigeria Insurance Ltd.

## Mulki
Allianz yana karkashin jagorancin kwamitin gudanarwa na mutum shida. Dickie Ulu, shi ne shugaban hukumar. Adeolu Adewumi-Zer, shine Manajin Darakta. 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Gidan yanar gizon Allianz
* Gidan yanar gizon NAICOM
Hope Mwanake

**Hope Wakio Mwanake** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1988/1989) ɗan kasuwan Kenya ne kuma masanin kimiyya. Ana yi mata kallon daya daga cikin matasan da ke tasowa daga Afirka. A watan Disambar 2019, ta yi kanun labarai kan kokarinta na gina gidaje da kwalaben robobi da aka yi watsi da su don kawar da gurbatar filastik a Kenya.  

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Hope kuma ta tashi a cikin dangi kusa da Mombasa. Ita ce ta farko a gidanta da ta shiga jami'a don ci gaba da karatun ta.  Ta kammala digirinta na farko a fannin kimiyyar ruwa daga jami'ar Egerton a shekarar 2010. A cikin 2013, ta kammala karatu a Kimiyyar Muhalli daga UNESCO-IHE wanda ke cikin Netherlands. 

## Sana'a
Da farko ta ci gaba da aikinta a matsayin 'yar kasuwa mai zaman kanta kafin ta zama masaniyar kimiyya. Ita ce wacce ta kafa Trace Kenya, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta wacce ke aiki tare da matasa wajen magance matsalolin da suka shafi sarrafa shara.  An kafa Trace Kenya a tsakiyar tsakiyar Kenya a Gilgil don sarrafawa da kula da zubar da shara.

Ta kuma gabatar da jawabin hangen nesa a taron makon ruwa na duniya na 2015 a birnin Stockholm na kasar Sweden.  A cikin 2016, ta haɗu da haɗin gwiwar masana'anta Eco Blocks da Tiles tare da ɗan'uwan masaniyar kimiyya Kevin Mureithi.  Har ila yau, ya zama kamfani na farko a Kenya da ya kera fale-falen rufin rufin da sauran kayan gini daga sharar robobi da gilashi.

## Manazarta
Nabil Adib

**Nabil Adib Abdalla**  (yawanci: *Nabil Adib*   ) lauyan kare hakkin dan Adam ne dan kasar Sudan wanda aka zaba a ranar 20 ga watan Oktoba 2019 a matsayin shugaban kwamitin bincike na kisan kiyashin na Khartoum 3 ga watan Yuni da ya faru a lokacin, juyin juya halin Sudan.

## Zamanin Omar al-Bashir
Adib ya ba da kariya ta shari'a ga mutane da dama da aka azabtar da su a gidan yari a cikin shekaru 30 na mulkin Omar al-Bashir na Sudan.  

Tun daga watan Mayu 2016, Adib ya jagoranci wata kungiyar kare hakkin ɗan Adam mai suna Sudan Human Rights Monitor.

A ranar 5 ga watan Mayu, 2016, makonni da dama bayan dalibai sun gudanar da zanga-zanga a harabar jami'ar Khartoum don kare hakkinsu na kafa kungiyar dalibai, jami'an leken asiri da tsaro na kasa sun kai samame ofishin Adib ba tare da an kama su ba. Sun ci zarafin wasu ma’aikatan biyu, tare da kwace takardun shari’a da kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka na Adib, sannan sun kame dalibai goma, da lauyoyi biyu, da ma’aikatansu biyu. 

## Juyin Juya Halin Sudan
A wajen watan Mayun 2019, Adib ya bayyana watanni hudu na farkon juyin juya halin Sudan a matsayin "da gaske mai ban mamaki". Ya ce, "An dauki watanni hudu, kuma duk da cewa gwamnatin ta fuskanci tashin hankali, matasan sun jajirce wajen ganin sun dakile lamarin". 

Adib ya bayyana kwarin gwiwarsa cewa sanarwar daftarin tsarin mulki na watan Agustan 2019 ya dace da manufofin da aka tsara na tsawon watanni 39 na mika mulki ga dimokradiyya. Ya dage kan cewa takardar ba ta da matsayin wani tabbataccen tsarin mulki. Ya yi ishara da sauye-sauyen tsarin mulki da aka aiwatar a juyin juya halin watan Oktoba na shekara 1964 da juyin juya halin Sudan na shekarar 1985. 

### Shugaban bincike na Khartoum
A ranar 20 ga watan Oktoba, 2019, an zabi Adib a matsayin shugaban kwamitin bincike na kisan kiyashin da aka yi a Khartoum ranar 3 ga watan Yuni da ya faru a lokacin juyin juya halin Sudan.  An ba da umarnin kafa hukumar a karkashin Mataki na 7. (16) na Tsarin  Mulki na watan Agusta 2019, don rufe "cin zarafin da aka yi a ranar 3 ga watan Yuni 2019, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru da abubuwan da suka faru inda aka keta hakki da mutuncin fararen hula da sojoji."  

## Abubuwan ra'ayi
Adib ya danganta nuna wariya ga kiristoci a Sudan ga akidar siyasa, wanda kishin kasa Larabawa ya rinjayi, cewa wata al'umma ta kasance tana da asali guda. Ya bayar da hujjar cewa nuna bambanci a shari'a don goyon bayan Musulunci ya karfafa a jere tun a shekarun 1950 a Sudan, wanda ya kai ga ballewar Sudan ta Kudu a shekarar 2011. Adib ya bayar da hujjar cewa, Sudan na da babban matsayi na bambancin addini, kuma "babu wasu mutane da suka fi musulmin Sudan hakuri". 

## Manazarta
Khalda Saber

**Khalda Saber** wata malamar Sudan ce kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil Adama wacce ta yi aiki tare da wata kungiya mai zaman kanta kan harkokin kare hakkin mata. Ta kasance daya daga cikin matan da suka jagoranci zanga-zangar adawa da mulkin shugaba Omar al-Bashir na tsawon shekaru 30 wanda ya kai ga kwace gwamnati da sojoji suka yi. Saber ta karfafa gwiwar malamai da mata da ta hadu da su a kan tituna a birnin Port Sudan a lokacin da take tafiya makarantar da ta koyar da su shiga cikin masu fafutukar tabbatar da dimokradiyya. &nbsp;“Ina gaya musu cewa babu abin da za mu yi asara, idan aka kwatanta da abin da muka riga muka yi asara. Ina gaya musu cewa dole ne mu fito kan tituna, mu yi zanga-zanga kuma mu nuna kin amincewa da abin da ke faruwa."  

## Kamawa (Arrest)
Watanni biyu da gudanar da zanga-zangar ta Saber, jami'an tsaro na farin kaya suka tare su a cikin wata motar safa, sannan aka kai su babban ofishin hukumar tsaro da leken asiri na karamar hukumar.  Ta shafe kwanaki 40 tana tsare tare da wasu mata dubu da suka jagoranci zanga-zangar adawa da al-Bashir a wani sabon reshe da aka gina a gidan yari a babban birnin kasar, Khartoum.

## Ƙaura
Bayan sakinta daga tsare ta, ta shiga wani zaman dirshan a wajen hedikwatar sojoji dake birnin Khartoum a wata zanga-zangar. Ta samu barazana ga rayuwa da iyalai daga Rapid Support Forces (RSF) wata kungiyar sa-kai da ta balle daga mayakan Janjaweed da al-Bashir ya yi amfani da shi a rikicin yankin Darfur na Sudan.   Saber ta tsere daga kasar tare da mijinta da 'ya'yanta mata biyu zuwa birnin Alkahira na kasar Masar a zaman gudun hijira kwanaki biyu bayan da sojoji suka hambarar da al-Bashir. Saber ta tattara bayanan take haƙƙin ɗan Adam na RSF, musamman akan mata, ta hanyar sheda kafin da lokacin boren. 

## Manazarta
SONITEL

SONITEL (Société Nigérienne des Télécommunications, 'Nigerien Telecommunications Society') ita ce  tarho da sadarwa na ƙasa na Najer daga ƙarshen shekarun 1990 har zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 2010. An kirkireshi ne a ranar 20 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1997 a matsayin haɗewar bangaren sadarwa na Nigerian Posts and Telecommunications (Office des Postes et Télécommunications) da STIN (Société des Télécomunicaations Internationales du Niger, 'International Telecommunications Society of Niger'), wanda ke kula da haɗin tarho na ƙasa a kasashen waje. Shirin ya fara ne tare da wucewar *dokar* da kuma aka yi niyya don mallakar sadarwa (Ordonnance N°96-031 na 11 Yuni 1996), kuma ya kasance wani ɓangare na babban tsari na mallakar kasa da kasa na mallakar yankin Nijar da ya kasance babban bangare na kasa. SONITEL tana da gwamnatin Nijar a matsayin mai riƙe da mafi rinjaye. 

Bayan Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Jamhuriyar Nijar ta Biyar 1999, za a mallaki SONITEL, faced a series of protests and strikes by its workers over pay and conditions, and accumulated debts of 40 billion FCFA despite a 140% increase in user fees. kuma a cikin shekara ta 2001, bayan wani zagaye na kyauta mara nasara, an sayar da yawancin kamfanonin. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2001, ƙungiyar Sino-Libyan DATAPORT ta sayi kashi 51 cikin 100 na kamfanin, wanda ya ƙunshi ZTE da kamfanin LAAICO na Libya. An ruwaito cewa ƙungiyar ZTE ta biya FCFA biliyan 11.8, ta doke FranceTelecom da SONATEL. Gwamnatin Nijar ta ci gaba da rike 34.11% na kamfanin, tare da masu saka hannun jari masu zaman kansu da ke karbar 11%, ma'aikatan 1300 na SONITEL da ke da 3%, da kuma Faransa Câbles & Radio - wanda ya kasance mai ruwa da tsaki a STIN, 0.89%. A shekara ta 2004, an bude hannun wayar hannu ta SONITEL don fuskantar gasa ta kasashen waje, amma SONIT EL ta ci gaba da riƙe ikon sadarwa ta Intanet, rajistar sunan .ne, da kuma sadarwa ta murya ta duniya.

Bayan gasar wayar hannu, an soki SONITEL sosai saboda rashin aiki, ya fuskanci jerin zanga-zangar da yajin aiki daga ma'aikatansa game da biyan kuɗi da yanayi, da kuma tara bashin FCFA biliyan 40 duk da karuwar 140% a cikin kuɗin mai amfani. A ranar 13 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2009, gwamnatin Nijar ta ba da sanarwar cewa tana "kawarya" mallakar SONITEL da reshen ta SahelCom (wanda ke kula da sadarwa ta hannu), kodayake tana fatan sake mallakar kamfanin. Ministan Sadarwa ya bayyana cewa tsarin ya " gaza", kuma gwamnati za ta riƙe kashi 100% a cikin SONITEL, kuma ta kafa sabuwar gwamnatin kamfanin. Wani yunƙuri na sayar da kamfanonin biyu ga asusun dukiyar Libya a cikin 2011 ya gaza saboda farkon yakin basasar Libya na farko. An kammala mallakar ƙasa a cikin shekara ta 2012.￼l

A ranar 28 ga Satumba 2016, gwamnatin Najeriya ta haɗu da SONITEL tare da SahelCom don ƙirƙirar Niger Telecoms.

## Bayanan da aka yi amfani da su
UTC Nigeria Plc

**Kamfanin Kasuwancin Tarayyar** Tarayya PLC wanda aka fi sani da UTC PLC kamfani ne na Swiss wanda aka jera a fili a Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Najeriya. 'Yan kasuwa na Switzerland ne suka kafa shi waɗanda ke da alaƙa da Kamfanin Kasuwancin Basel da Ofishin Jakadancin Basel kuma waɗanda ke son ɓangarorin kuɗin da suke samu don tallafawa ayyukan aikin. 'Yan kasuwa sun riga sun sami sha'awar kasuwanci a Indiya da Ghana kafin su shiga kasuwar Najeriya. A Ghana, kungiyar ta mallaki kasuwancin koko mai tasowa kafin farkon yakin duniya na, shekaru bayan yakin, kungiyar ta kafa reshen ta a Najeriya a 1932. 

A Najeriya, kamfanin ya girma ta hanyar saye da kasuwanci, ya kafa bangarori daban-daban ciki har da Dorman Long Nigeria, UTC Foods, Almagamated Metal Containers, HF Schroeder da kuma ƙungiyar motoci. Ya kara shigo da kayayyaki zuwa Najeriya bayan yakin duniya na biyu, a lokacin bunkasa man fetur na Najeriya, kudaden shiga na UTC sun tashi daga dala miliyan 150 zuwa kimanin dala biliyan 1.5.

Amma zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1980, ribar UTC ta fara raguwa.

## Ayyukan kasuwanci
An kafa UTC a Najeriya a cikin 1932 kuma an yi rajista a matsayin kamfani mai iyaka a cikin 1968, ya sayar da hannun jari ga jama'a a cikin 1971. Kamfanin, yana da rabuwa a cikin aikin gona da injiniya kamar su UTC Stores wanda ya kasance sarkar Supermarkets, UTC Motors, Dorman Long, Amalgamated Metal Containers, Imo Hills Ltd da UTC Industries. A cikin 1994, kamfanin ya raba ƙungiyoyin da ba na sarrafa abinci ba don mayar da hankali kan kasuwancin sarrafa abinci, alamun talla kamar Chopsy, Bell da champ.

## Raguwa
Da farko a cikin shekarun 1970s, Basler Handelsgesellschaft, wani kamfani mai zaman kansa na Basel wanda ke da hannun jari a cikin UTC Plc, ya fara rarraba sha'awar su daga Yammacin Afirka.

A Najeriya, ribar riba ta UTC ta fara raguwa a cikin shekarun 1980. Kamfanin ya bambanta kasuwancin injiniya a cikin shekarun 1990s don mayar da hankali kan sarrafa abinci amma a shekarar 2014 masu ba da bashi sun karbe shi.

A ranar 2 ga Mayu, 2017 an cire kamfanin daga Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Najeriya.

## Bayanan da aka yi amfani da su
Parthian Partners Limited

**Parthian Partners Limited (PPL)** babban kamfani ne na kasuwar Najeriya wanda ke zaune a Legas, Najeriya. An kafa kamfanin ne a matsayin mai zaman kansa a Najeriya a shekarar 2012. PPL tana da lasisi kuma ana tsara ta Hukumar Tsaro da Musayar (SEC) da kuma memba na musayar FMDQ. Kamfanin ya sami lambar yabo ta Best Brokerage Service ta FMDQ Gold Awards a cikin 2018. An kiyasta Parthian Partners a matsayin kamfani mai tsayayyen hangen nesa na kudi.

## Tarihi
An kafa Parthian Partners Limited (PPL) a matsayin mai zaman kansa a Najeriya a cikin shekarar 2012.

Daga baya, A cikin 2013, PPL ta sami lasisi don aiki a matsayin mai ba da izini na Inter-Dealer, yana mai da kamfanin na farko daga cikin shida FMDQ Securities Exchange Limited (FMDQ Exchange) da aka yi rajista da masu ba da izinin Inter-Dealler a Najeriya.

PPL tana ba da sabis na dillali don ma'amaloli tsakanin Masu Kasuwanci da kuma tsakanin Masu Kasuwar Kasuwanci tare da Masu Gudanar da Asusun Fensho, Manajojin Asusun, Bankuna, da Cibiyoyin Kudi na Duniya. PPL kuma tana sauƙaƙa ciniki a cikin Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Najeriya (FGN) Bonds da Takardun Baitulmalin, Bonds na Gwamnatin Jiha, Bonds Na Kundin Kwadago, Bonds Kamfanoni, da Eurobonds. A cikin 2018, Parthian Partners sun ƙaddamar da dandamali na dijital na farko don samun damar lissafin kuɗi a Najeriya tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Bankin Sterling.  A cikin 2016, PPL ta sami lasisin Broker / Dealer don reshen ta, PSL Capital Limited don samar da sabis na kasuwanci ga masu saka hannun jari da kuma Kasuwancin Kasuwanci. A cikin 2021, PSL ta canza sunanta zuwa Parthian Securities Limited.

## Kamfanin Tsaro na Parthian Limited
Tsohon PSL Capital, Parthian Securities Limited wani reshe ne mai zaman kansa na Parthian Partners Limited. Kamfanin yana aiki a karkashin cikakken lasisi daga Hukumar Tsaro da Musayar (SEC) a Najeriya kuma memba ne na Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Najeriya (NSE). PSL Capital Limited tana ba da sabis na kasuwanci ga Masu saka hannun jari da kuma Kasuwar Kasuwanci.

## Na saka hannun jari
Kamfanin Parthian Partners ne ya kirkiro dandalin kuma ya ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 2018 a matsayin aikace-aikacen wayar hannu don ba mutane damar kai tsaye don siyan takardun ajiya a Najeriya; mafita ta farko ta wayar hannu don takardun kudi a Najeriya. Watanni shida (6) a cikin ƙaddamar da shi, saka hannun jari ya samar da Naira biliyan biyu (2) na saka hannun jari a dandalin. A shekara ta 2021, aikace-aikacen ya zama dandamali mai hadin gwiwa don gudanar da kudi tare da ƙarin fasalulluka don tanadi, da tattara biyan kuɗi.

## Jagorancin kamfanoni

* Kwamitin Chaiman - Adedotun Sulaiman (MFR)
* Manajan Darakta & Shugaba - Oluseye Olusoga
* Wadanda ba Daraktoci ba - Engr. Kadiri Adebayo Adeola, Rilwan Belo-Osagie, Bismarck J. Rewane, Dokta Ibrahim Nwankwo

## Kyaututtuka

## Bayanan da aka yi amfani da su
Anna Aloys Henga

**Anna Aloys Henga** lauya 'yar kasar Tanzaniya ce kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama wacce ta shahara da ayyukan zamantakewa da suka hada da ayyukan karfafa mata irin su hada kai da kaciya a Tanzaniya. Ta zama babban darektan Cibiyar Shari'a da Hakkokin Dan Adam a shekarar 2018.

## Rayuwa
Iyayen Henga ma'aikatan gwamnati ne kuma tana cikin 'ya'yansu shida. Ta ce ba ta da masaniya a lokacin da aka yi mata wariya.

Ta yi kamfen don rage kaciyar mata. Tun shekarar 1998 ya saba doka a Tanzaniya amma an kiyasta cewa kashi 10% na 'yan mata har yanzu suna fama da wannan magani. 

A shekara ta 2015, ta tattara wasu ƙungiyoyin farar hula a Tanzaniya don samun nasarar kiyaye babban zaɓen Tanzaniya. Ta kuma shahara wajen zaburar da wasu mata shiga harkokin siyasa a Tanzaniya. 

Ita kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil adama kuma an nada ta a matsayin babbar darektan Cibiyar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam (LHRC) a shekarar 2018 ta maye gurbin Dr. Helen Kijo-Bisimba.

Manyan wuraren  da kwarewa gwaninta sune Dokar Haƙƙin Dan Adam, Nazarin Manufofin, Jinsi da Ayyuka na Ƙungiyoyin da ba na Gwamnati ba da Tiyoloji. Anna tana da digiri na biyu a cikin manufofin ci gaba da aiki ga ƙungiyoyin jama'a, (Jami'ar Mzumbe, Tanzaniya), Difloma ta Digiri a fannin Kasuwancin Kasuwanci - Cibiyar Gudanar da Kuɗi (IFM Tanzania), Bachelor of Laws (Jami'ar Dar es Salaam, Tanzania), Diploma a Gender- daga Cibiyar Gudanar da Jama'a ta Sweden da Diploma a Tiyoloji daga Makarantar Tauhidi ta Mahanaim, Takaddun Shaida daga Cibiyar Gudanarwa (IoDT) da Takaddun Gudanar da Gudanarwa daga ESAMI. Kungiyar da take jagoranta (LHRC) ta rubuta halin da ake ciki game da Haƙƙin Dan Adam a Tanzaniya ta hanyar Rahoton Haƙƙin Dan Adam na Tanzaniya da ake fitarwa kowace shekara da kuma kowace shekara. Kungiyar kuma ta shahara wajen Sa ido kan Zabe, Ilimin Jama'a da Tsarin Dimokuradiyya. A shekara ta 2019, an nada ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka karɓi lambar yabo ta mata masu ƙarfin gwiwa ta duniya kuma ta sami babbar lambar yabo daga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka.   Musamman, ita, Moumina Houssein Darar (Djibouti) da Maggie Gobran (Masar) su ne matan Afirka uku da aka saka a wannan shekara. 

## Manazarta
James Mworia

**James Mworia Mwirigi** lauyan Kenya ne, akawu, kuma babban jami'in kasuwanci. Shi ne manajan darakta kuma babban jami'in zartarwa na Kamfanin Zuba Jari na Centum,  babban kamfani mai zaman kansa  a Gabashin Afirka.  Ya yi wannan aiki tun a shekarar 2008.  An ambaci Mworia a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Manyan mutane 100 mafi tasiri a Afirka ta mujallar New African a shekara ta 2017. 

## Tarihi da ilimi
An haifi Mworia a shekara ta 1978. Ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Alliance, Jami'ar Strathmore, da Jami'ar Nairobi. Yana da Bachelor of Laws daga Jami'ar Nairobi. Shi ma ƙwararren akawun gwamnati ne kuma ƙwararren manazarcin kuɗi.  A shekarar 2016, Jami'ar Machakos ta ba shi digiri na girmamawa. 

## Tarihin aiki
A shekara ta 2001, Mworia ya fara aiki a matsayin magatakarda na shigar da kara a Kamfanin Zuba Jari na Centum. Duk da cewa yana da digiri na shari'a da wasu takardun shaida na kudi da lissafi da kuma takaddun shaida, ya karɓi wannan matsayi na shiga. Sannu a hankali ya kai matsayi, kuma a shekarar 2005 aka nada shi babban jami’in saka hannun jari a Centum Investments. Ya yi aiki a wannan matsayi har zuwa watan Disamba 2006, lokacin da ya shiga TransCentury Investments a matsayin shugaban zuba jari.  

A shekara ta 2008, yana da shekaru 30, an nada shi babban jami'in gudanarwa (Shugaba) kuma darakta mai gudanarwa a Centum.   A cikin shekaru shida na farko na Shugaban, Centum ya haɓaka tushen kadarorinsa daga KES: biliyan 6 (dalar Amurka miliyan 69) zuwa kusan KES: biliyan 30 (US $ 350 miliyan). 

## Sauran ɗawainiyoyi
Yana aiki a matsayin shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa a bankin Sidian.  Har ila yau yana aiki a matsayin memba na hukumar a Nairobi Stock Exchange (NSE), mai tasiri a cikin watan Yuni 2015.  A watan Yunin 2018, ana sa ran zai bar hukumar NSE, bayan ya cika wa’adinsa na shekaru uku, kuma ya ki bayar da kansa don sake tsayawa takara. 

A cikin watan Satumba na shekarar 2016, an nada shi a matsayin mai zartarwa mafi girman albashi a tsakanin manyan kamfanoni biyar a Kenya, tare da kunshin diyya na shekara-shekara wanda aka kimanta a KES: 201.1 miliyan (kimanin. Dalar Amurka miliyan biyu) kowace shekara. 

A cikin watan Oktoba 2016, an nada shi Shugaban Jami'ar Machakos, jami'ar jama'a a gundumar Machakos, Kenya. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
A cewar wani rahoto da aka buga a shekarar 2011, James Mworia ya yi aure. 

## Duba kuma

* Nairobi Securities Exchange
* Kenneth Mbae

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Tutu's Children - James Mworia: 'Being World Class'
Peter Oduori

**Peter Mugeni Oduori**, (An haife shi a shekara ta 1971), wanda aka fi sani da **Peter Oduori**, wani akawu ne na Kenya, ɗan kasuwa kuma shugaban gudanarwa mai ci a Kamfanin Kuɗi na Housing na Kenya (HFCK), wanda a lokaci guda yana aiki a matsayin babban jami'in gudanarwa a bankin kasuwanci. An nada shi a matsayinsa na yanzu a watan Nuwamba 2021. Kafin haka shi ne darektan bashi da kasada na kamfanin a HFCK. 

## Tarihi da ilimi
Peter Mugeni Oduori dan kasar Kenya ne. Bayan ya halarci makarantun firamare da sakandare na cikin gida, ya sami damar shiga Jami'ar Nairobi (UoN), inda ya kammala karatun digiri na farko na kasuwanci. Ya ci gaba da karatu a UoN, inda ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin kudi. Shi ma memba ne na  Association of Chartered Certified Accountants and Fellow of the Retail Banking Academy. 

## Sana'a
A lokacin da aka nada shi a matsayin Shugaba a HFCK, a watan Nuwamba 2021, Oduori ya yi aikin banki fiye da shekaru 20. Yana da gogewa a cikin haɗarin bashi, jagoranci, gudanarwa da ayyukan banki. Yana da bayyani na banki a Kenya, Gabashin Afirka da kuma fadin nahiyar Afirka. Ya taba yin aiki a bankin Stanbic Kenya, Stanbic Bank Tanzania da Standard Bank Group. 

A matsayin Manajan Darakta a HFCK, Oduori ya karbi mukamin daga *Regina Anyika*, Daraktan Shari'a na Rukuni da Sakatariyar Kamfani a rukunin Kudi na Gidaje na Kenya (HFGK), wanda ya rike mukamin a matsayin aiki. Babban darektan gudanarwa na ƙarshe a HFCK shine *Samuel Waweru*. Waweru yayi ritaya a watan Afrilu 2019.  

## Sauran la'akari
Oduori Mataimakin memba ne na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Manajan Hatsari na Ƙasashen Duniya (PRMIA) kuma Certified Bank Credit Evaluator, ne a Afirka ta Kudu.  

## Duba kuma

* Robert Kibara

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Website of Housing Finance Company of Kenya
* HFC board appoints new MD, Peter Oduori  As of 22 Nuwamba 2021.
Peter Mwangi

**Peter King'ori Mwangi** injiniyan lantarki ne, akawu kuma shugaban kasuwanci a Kenya. Shi ne Manajan Darakta na Rukuni na yanzu kuma Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa na rukunin UAP Old Mutual Group, ƙungiyar sabis na kuɗi, mai tushe a Kenya, tare da rassa a cikin ƙasashen Afirka shida.  

## Tarihi da ilimi
An haife shi a gundumar Nyeri ta yau, Kenya a kusan shekara ta 1970,  kuma ya halarci makarantun Kenya don karatun gaba da jami'a. Ya sami digiri na farko a fannin injiniyan lantarki, daga Jami'ar Nairobi, inda ya kammala a shekarar 1993.  Shi ma ƙwararren akawun gwamnati ne kuma ƙwararren manazarcin kuɗi. Ya kasance memba na Cibiyar Certified Public Secretary na Kenya (ICPSK). 

## Sana'a
Ya shiga Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Kenya (KAF) a matsayin Laftanar  da kuma aikin Jami'in Fasaha. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da haɓaka dabarun ICT da kuma kula da tsarin sadarwar jiragen ruwa a KAF.  Ya yi aiki a can na tsawon shekaru biyar, inda aka kara masa girma zuwa mukamin Kyaftin. 

Daga shekarun 2000 har zuwa 2004, ya yi aiki a matsayin Sakataren Kamfani kuma manajan saka hannun jari a Kamfanin ICDC Investment Company Limited, wanda ya riga ya kafa Centum Investments. Bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na riko daga shekarun 2004 har zuwa watan Disamba 2004, an tabbatar da Peter Mwangi a matsayin manajan darakta a kamfanin a cikin watan Disamba 2004.  Ya ci gaba da aikinsa na Babban Darakta, Manajan Darakta da manajan saka hannun jari, har zuwa 15 ga watan Oktoba 2008. A lokacin aikinsa, kamfanin ya sake sanyawa zuwa "Centum Investment Company Limited."  

Lokacin da ya bar Centum, ya shiga Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE), a matsayin babban jami'in gudanarwa a watan Nuwamba 2008.  An sabunta kwangilarsa a shekara ta 2011 amma dole ne ya bar NSE a shekarar 2014, saboda doka ta ba da izinin mafi girman wa'adin shekaru biyu na itace a jere. A lokacin da yake rike da mukamin NSE, an karkatar da hannun jarin hannun jarin da aka sayar wa jama’a. 

A cikin watan Oktoba 2014, an nada shi Shugaba a Old Mutual Kenya, wani reshe na Old Mutual, ƙungiyar sabis na hada-hadar kuɗi ta duniya, tare da hedkwata a London, United Kingdom.  A cikin watan Yuni 2015, lokacin da Old Mutual ya yanke shawarar haɗa duk kasuwancin sa a Kenya a ƙarƙashin rufin gida ɗaya, an zaɓi Peter Mwangi ya zama Babban Babban Manajan Rukunin UAP Old Mutual Group. 

## Duba kuma

* Kudin hannun jari UAP Holdings
* Tsoho Mutual
* Faulu Kenya

## Sauran ɗawainiya
Peter King'ori Mwangi yana zaune a kan shuwagabannin kamfanoni na gwamnati da masu zaman kansu:  1. UAP Old Mutual Insurance Sudan Limited 2. Kisii Bottlers Limited  Mount Kenya Bottlers Limited 4. Rift Valley Bottlers Limited Everready Battery Limited 6. Kudin hannun jari KWAL Holdings Limited Central Depository & Settlement Corporation Limited  Funguo Investments Limited  9. British American Tobacco Kenya Limited 10.  Wildlife work Inc. 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Website of UAP Old Mutual Group
Baloobhai Patel

**Baloobhai Patel** ɗan kasuwa ne kuma kuma ɗan kasuwar zamani a Kenya, mai mafi girman tattalin arziki a cikin Al'ummar Gabashin Afirka. Shi ne shugaban gudanarwa na Transworld Safaris Limited, kamfanin da ya mallaka. Har ila yau, ya mallaki ƙananun hannun jari a cikin wasu kamfanoni da aka jera a bainar jama'a a Asusun Tsaro na Nairobi (NSE). An ba da rahoton cewa yana daya daga cikin hamshakan attajiran Kenya. 

## Fayil na zuba jari
Kamfanonin jarin da ya zuba sun hada da kamfanin yawon shakatawa na Transworld Safaris Limited, wanda ya mallaki gaba daya kuma inda yake rike da mukamin babban darakta. Har ila yau, yana aiki a matsayin darekta mara zartarwa a Pan Africa Insurance, inda shi ne mafi girma da ba na hukumomi ba. Har ila yau, yana kula da babban hannun jari a Bankin Barclays Kenya, Bamburi Cement, Carbacid Investments, Bankin Diamond Trust Group, da Safaricom. A cikin Yuli 2013, hannun jarinsa a cikin kamfanonin da aka jera na NSE an kimanta shi a KSh2.4&nbsp;biliyan (kimanin. US $27.5&nbsp;miliyan). 

## Falsafar zuba jari
Dangane da yawancin masu saka hannun jari masu kima a NSE, Baloobhai Patel yana saka hannun jari da farko a cikin blue chip stocks wanda ke ba da ragi na yau da kullun kuma yana da al'adar ci gaba da godiya a farashin hannun jari. Ba kasafai yake kashe hannayen jarinsa a wadannan kamfanoni ba. Yana saka hannun jari na dogon lokaci, kuma lokaci-lokaci yana ƙara saka hannun jari lokacin da farashin ya faɗi na ɗan lokaci. Ya kuma bambanta a sassa da yawa na tattalin arziki, ciki har da masana'antu, banki, inshora, sadarwa da gine-gine. 

## Duba kuma

* Bahawar Indiya a Gabashin Afirka
* Jerin sunayen attajiran Afirka
* Jerin mutane mafi arziki a Kenya

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Transworld Safaris Limited website
Jerin kamfanonin jiragen sama na Afirka

Wannan jerin kamfanonin jiragen sama na Afirka sun rufe kamfanonin jiragen saman Afirka waɗanda a halin yanzu ke aiki. An raba shi zuwa ƙananan jerin sunayen da ƙe kasa.

## Afirka

### [[Aljeriya]]

### [[Angola]]

### [[Benin]]

### [[Botswana]]

### [[Burkina Faso]]

### [[Burundi]]
Jirgin Sama na Burundi

### [[Kamaru]]

### [[Cabo Verde|Cape Verde]]

### [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]]

### [[Cadi|Chadi]]

### [[Komoros|Comoros]]

### [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]]

### [[Jamhuriyar Kwango|Kongo, Jamhuriyar]]

### [[Jibuti (ƙasa)|Djibouti]]
 

### [[Misra|Misira]]

### [[Gini Ikwatoriya|Equatorial Guinea]]
 

### [[Eritrea]]

* Jirgin Sama na Eritrea

### [[ESwatini|Eswatini]]

### [[Itofiya|Habasha]]

### [[Gabon]]

### [[Gambiya]]

### [[Ghana]]

### [[Gini|Guinea]]
Guinea ba ta da kamfanonin jiragen sama masu aiki.

### [[Gine-Bisau|Guinea-Bissau]]
Guinea-Bissau ba ta da kamfanonin jiragen sama masu aiki.

### [[Ivory Coast]]

### [[Kenya]]

### [[Lesotho]]
Lesotho ba ta da kamfanonin jiragen sama masu aiki.

### [[Laberiya]]
Laberiya ba ta da kamfanonin jiragen sama masu aiki.

### [[Libya]]

### [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]]

### [[Malawi]]

### [[Mali]]

### [[Muritaniya|Mauritania]]

### [[Moris|Mauritius]]

### [[Moroko|Maroko]]

### [[Mozambik|Mozambique]]

### [[Namibiya|Namibia]]

### [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]]

### [[Najeriya]]

### [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]]

### [[Sao Tome da Prinsipe|São Tomé da Príncipe]]
 

### [[Senegal]]

### [[Seychelles]]

### [[Saliyo]]
Saliyo ba ta da kamfanonin jiragen sama masu aiki.

### [[Somaliya]]

### [[Afirka ta Kudu]]

### [[Sudan ta Kudu]]

### [[Sudan]]

### [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]]

### [[Togo]]

### [[Tunisiya]]

### [[Uganda]]

### [[Zambiya|Zambia]]

### [[Zimbabwe]]

## Bayani
**Yankunan da sauran yankuna**

*  has no airlines operating from within the territory
*  - List of airlines of Spain
*  has no airlines operating from within the territory
*  - List of airlines of Portugal
*  - List of airlines of Mayotte
*  - List of airlines of Spain
*  - List of airlines of Réunion
*  has no airlines operating from within the territory
*  has no airlines operating from within the territory

**Jihohin da aka ƙuntata**

*  has no active airlines
*  has no active airlines

## Bayanan da aka yi amfani da su
Narendra Raval

**Narendra Raval** (An haife shi a shekara ta 1962) masanin masana'antun Kenya ne, ɗan kasuwa kuma mai ba da agaji na asalin Gujarati na Indiya. Raval wanda ke aiki a matsayin Shugaban Zartarwa na Kamfanin Devki Group of Companies, wani kamfani a Gabashin Afirka da ke kera karafa da aluminum da siminti.

An kiyasta cewa yana da arzikin da ya kai dalar Amurka miliyan 400 a shekarar 2015 kuma ya kasance a matsayi na 46 a Afirka mafi arziki da kuma na 2 na Kenya mafi arziki bisa ga jerin shekarar 2015 na Forbes na mafi arziki a Afirka a Kenya. 

## Fage
An haife shi a Indiya a kusan shekara ta 1962. Ya zama firist a haikalin mabiya darikar Hindu Brahmin yana dan shekara 11, yayin da yake Indiya. Yayin da yake matashi, Raval ya zo Kenya don yin aiki a matsayin mataimakin firist a wani haikali a Kisumu, a yammacin Kenya, a bakin tafkin Victoria. A cikin shekarar 1986, ya yi watsi da matsayinsa na firist, ya auri wata mata ‘yar Kenya kuma tare da matarsa suka fara cinikin kayan gini, sun fara daga Open marketplace (Gikomba), a Nairobi.  

## Sana'a
A cikin shekaru 35 masu zuwa, tun daga 1986, Raval ya gina daular masana'antu na kamfanoni waɗanda ke kera kayan gini a wurare daban-daban a Kenya da kuma wani reshe a makwabciyar Uganda. An kuma bayar da rahoton cewa, tawagarsa tana kula da wani reshe a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo. Tun daga watan Afrilu 2021, Rukunin Kamfanoni na Devki da ya kafa suna samun kudaden shiga na masana'antu sama da dalar Amurka miliyan 650 a shekara. An kiyasta darajar dukiyar sa ta haura dalar Amurka miliyan 500. Ƙungiyar Devki tana ɗaukar mutane sama da 6,500, har zuwa watan Afrilu 2021. 

Kamfanonin Devki Group sun haɗa da, amma ba'a iyakance ga lissafin da ke ƙasa ba. Sun bambanta da karfe, aluminum da siminti. Ɗayan kamfani yana cikin jirgin sama. Kamfanin Devki Group kuma ya mallaki masana'antar kera siminti a garin Tororo na kan iyaka da Uganda.  1. Devki Steel Mills Limited  Maisha Mabati Mills Limited, 3. National Cement Company Limited  Maisha Packaging Company Limited, 5. Northwood Aviation da 6. Simba Cement Uganda Limited. 

## Iyali
Narendra Raval ya auri Neeta Raval, likitar likita.  Tare su ne iyayen 'ya'ya uku, maza biyu da mace daya. 

## Sauran la'akari
Narendra Raval mutum ne mai kishin al'umma wanda ya sha alwashin barin kashi 50 na dukiyarsa a bainar jama'a ga sadaka, sauran kashi 50 kuma ga 'ya'yansa.  Tarihin rayuwarsa mai taken " **Guru: Dogon Tafiya Don Nasara** Na Narendra Raval tare da Kailash Mota" an sake shi a cikin shekarar 2018.  An ruwaito Raval zai ba da duk abin da aka samu daga littafin zuwa sadaka. 

A cikin watan Maris 2022, ƙungiyar Devki ta janye daga *Sosian Energy*, mai samar da wutar lantarki mai zaman kanta ta Kenya (IPP) wanda ya mallaki kwangilar rangwame don gina tashar wutar lantarki mai karfin megawatts 35 a cikin kogin Menengai. An sayar da mallakar ga Gideon Moi, bisa la'akarin kuɗi da ba a bayyana ba. 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin masu kera siminti a Kenya

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Website of Devki Group of Companies
* Rise and rise of cement tycoon under Kibaki, Uhuru regimes As of 26 May 2019.
Kulawa na farko

**Kulawa na farko** shine kiwon lafiya na yau da kullun da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya ke bayarwa. Wannan ma'aikacin kiwon lafiya yana azaman mataki na farko da kuma muhimmin lokaci na ci gaba da kulawa ga marasa lafiya a cikin tsarin kiwon lafiya, kuma yana tsara sauran kwararrun hanyoyin kiwon lafiya da mara lafiya zai iya bukata.  Marasa lafiya kan samu kulawa ta farko daga kwararrun kamar likitan kulawa na farko ( babban likita ko likitan iyali ), mataimakin likita, likitan motsa jiki, ko likitan jinya. A wasu yankunan, masu irin wannan aiki na iya zama ma'aikacin jinya mai rijista, likitan magunguna, jami'in asibiti (kamar yadda ke a sassan Afirka), ko Ayurvedic ko wasu kwararrun likitocin gargajiya (kamar yadda yake a sassan Asiya). Dangane da yanayin na rashin lafiya, ana iya tura marasa lafiya don samun kulawa na gaba wato Kulawar biyu ko na uku (*sendary & tertiary health care).*

## Manazarta
Tatiana Salem Levy

**Tatiana Salem Levy** (an haife shi a watan Janairu 24,1979 Lisbon) marubuciya ce kuma mai fassara ’yar Brazil.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Iyayen Levy Yahudawa ne na Turkiyya da aka kafa a Portugal a lokacin gwamnatin sojan Brazil.

Ta yi karatun adabi a Jami'ar Tarayya ta Rio de Janeiro da Jami'ar Katolika ta Pontifical na Rio de Janeiro.

## Honors and awards

* Kyautar 2008 São Paulo don Adabi - Mai nasara a cikin Mafi kyawun Littafin Shekara - Rukunin Mawallafi na Farko na *A Chave de Casa* 
* Kyautar 2012 São Paulo don Adabi - An zaɓa a cikin Mafi kyawun Littafin Shekara na *Dois Rios* 
* 2012 Granta Mafi kyawun Matasan Marubuta na Brazil
* Finalista Prêmio Jabuti .
Rivy Poupko Kletenik

**Rivy Poupko Kletenik** ba'amurke malami ne kuma malami.

## Sana'a
Poupko Kletenik shi ne Shugaban Makaranta a Cibiyar Nazarin Ibrananci ta Seattle kuma ya rubuta shafi na shawarwarin Yahudawa na wata-wata mai suna JQ don *Sautin Yahudawa* na Seattle. Ta kasance mai karɓar kyautar Gidauniyar Alƙawari ga malaman Yahudawa a cikin 2002 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An haife shi kuma ya girma a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Poupko Kletenik diyar Gilda Twerski Novoseller Poupko ce,zuriyar daular Hasidic, da Baruch Poupko,rabbi sama da shekaru 60 na Ikilisiyar Shaare Torah a Pittsburgh.

Ta auri Rabbi Moshe Kletenik,kuma suna da 'ya'ya hudu,ciki har da Isaiah Kletenik da Gilah Kletenik.

## Manazarta
Pradeep Paunrana

**Pradeep Paunrana** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1959) ɗan kasuwa ne, kuma ɗan kasuwar zamani, masanin masana'antu kuma mai ba da taimako a Kenya, mafi girman tattalin arziƙi a cikin Al'ummar Gabashin Afirka. Shi ne tsohon manajan darakta na ARM Cement Limited, daya daga cikin manyan masana'antar siminti a gabashin Afirka. 

## Tarihi da ilimi
An haife shi a shekara ta 1959 kuma ya yi karatu a makarantun Kenya. Ya halarci Makarantar Kasuwancin Stern na Jami'ar New York (NYU Stern), wanda ya kammala a shekarar 1983, tare da digiri na Master of Business Administration (MBA). Mahaifinsa, marigayi *Harjivandas J. Paunrana*, wanda ya bar makaranta yana da shekaru 13, ya tabbatar da cewa dansa ya sami kyakkyawan ilimi. 

## Sana'a
Daga shekarun 1983 har zuwa 1984, Pradeep ya yi aiki a wani kamfanin software a New York,  yana samun dalar Amurka 40,000 kowace shekara. Ya koma Kenya ne a shekarar 1984, yana ɗan shekara 24 bisa bukatar mahaifinsa wanda ya mika masa makullan sana’ar domin ya mallaki kaso, amma ba albashi. Pradeep, saboda haka ya zama manajan darakta na *Athi River Mining Limited*, kamar yadda aka san kamfanin a lokacin.

Daga tallace-tallace na shekara-shekara na KSh6&nbsp;miliyan (kimanin. US $ 70,000) a cikin shekarar 1984, kasuwancin ya haɓaka zuwa tallace-tallace na shekara-shekara na KSh14&nbsp;biliyan (kimanin. dalar Amurka 160&nbsp;miliyan), a shekarar 2014. A shekarar 1994, kamfanin da ya fara kera taki, abincin dabbobi, yumbu, gilashi da robobi, ya fara yin siminti a karon farko. A cikin shekarar 2007, kamfanin da ya canza suna zuwa ARM Cement Limited ya jera hannun jarinsa a kan Kasuwancin Tsaro na Nairobi (NSE). A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, kamfanin ya zama babban kamfanin kera siminti a gabashin Afirka, inda ya samar da 2.6&nbsp;ton miliyan a kowace shekara. Pradeep Paunrana, shi ne ya mallaki kashi 18% na hannun jarin kamfanin, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama daya daga cikin masu kudi a Kenya.  

## Sauran ɗawainiyoyi
Shi ne shugaban kungiyar masana'antun kasar Kenya a halin yanzu.

## Duba kuma

* Bahawar Indiya a Gabashin Afirka
* Jerin sunayen attajiran Afirka
* Jerin mutane mafi arziki a Kenya

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Webpage of ARM Cement Limited
John Lewis Cooper

**John Lewis Cooper** (1908-1961) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan ƙasar Laberiya kuma jami'in gwamnati wanda ke da alhakin ci gaban sadarwa a Laberiya a lokacin shugabancin William Tubman. Ya auri Eugenia Simpson. Sun haifi 'ya'ya hudu. John Lewis Jr, Julius Everett Sr., Ora da Elenora.

## Ƙuruciya
An haifi John Lewis Cooper a Monrovia, Laberiya mahaifinsa Reverend Randolph Cassius Cooper I da mahaifiyar sa Sarah Ellen Cooper, née Morris.

## Ilimi
John Lewis Cooper ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Afirka ta Yamma da Kwalejin Laberiya.

## Sana'a da aikin gwamnati
John Lewis ya taka rawa wajen kafa rediyo da wutar lantarki a duk fadin kasar Laberiya. Ya rike mukamin majalisar ministocin harkokin sadarwa a Laberiya kuma an yi masa ado saboda hidimar da yake yi wa kasarsa.

## Mutuwa
John Lewis Cooper ya mutu a cikin shekarar 1961 a Monrovia.

## Tambayoyi

* John Lewis Cooper an fi saninsa da 'Radio Cooper.'
* John Lewis Cooper kakan dan jarida ne, Helene Cooper.

## Manazarta
Asia Town (restaurant)

**Asia town** gidan abinci ne da wurin taron da ke 24 Forces Avenue, a Old GRA, Jihar Rivers. An buɗe wa jama'a ranar 12 ga watan Disamba, 2012.  Ginin yana da wurare na zama na baƙi 500 kuma yana ba da abinci galibi na Sinanci, abincin Indiya, abincin Thai, da wasu  na Najeriya.   Asia town kuma tana gudanar da bukukuwan aure, ranar haihuwa, bukukuwan tunawa, ƙaddamar da samfura da nunin kayan kwalliya.  

## Duba kuma

* Jerin gidajen cin abinci na kasar Sin

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Yanar Gizo na hukuma
*
Ma'aikatar Muhalli da Ruwa ta Jihar Legas

**Ma'aikatar Muhalli da Ruwa ta Legas,** an kirkire ta ne daga tsohuwar ma'aikatar ayyuka da sufuri a shekarar 1979 wanda Alhaji Lateef Jakande ya kirkira, zababben gwamnan jihar Legas na farko. Daga karshe an hade ma’aikatar muhalli da tsare-tsare tare da ma’aikatar tsare-tsaren gari don kafa ma’aikatar muhalli da tsare-tsare. A shekara ta 2003, gwamnatin Asiwaju Bola Ahmed Tinubu, tsohon gwamnan jihar Legas, ta cire ofishin muhalli daga ma'aikatar tsare-tsaren gari yayin da aka daukaka ofishin muhalli na yanzu zuwa cikakken ma'aikata. 

Burin farko na ma'aikatar shi ne samar da tsaftataccen, lafiyayye, da ingancin muhalli mai dorewa wanda zai dace da yawon bude ido, ci gaban tattalin arziki, da walwalar 'yan kasa. A cikin shekara ta 2005, an ƙirƙiri ofisoshi biyu a ƙarƙashin Ma'aikatar:

* Ofishin Ayyukan Muhalli (OES)
* Ofishin Ayyukan Hanyoyin Ruwa (ODS)

Ofisoshin guda biyu, Ofishin Kula da Muhalli da Ofishin Kula da Ruwa, an hade su zuwa ma'aikatar Muhalli guda daya a shekarar 2015, bayan umarnin zartarwa na Mai Girma, Mista Akinwunmi Ambode. A watan Janairun 2018, an mayar da ofishin kula da magudanar ruwa zuwa Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan Jama’a ta Jihar Legas (LSPWC), wadda ke karkashin Ma’aikatar Ayyuka, a wani bangare na sake fasalin Sashin Muhalli na Gwamnatin Akinwunmi Ambode.

Mista Babajide Sanwo-Olu, Gwamnan Jihar Legas, an rantsar dashi a ranar 29 ga Mayu, 2019, kuma ya yi alkawarin a jawabinsa na kaddamar da ayyukan dawo da hukumomin kula da muhalli da suka kusa kwantawa. 

## Ma'aikatu
Ma'aikatar ita ce ke kula da Kula da Ma'aikatu, Sassa, da Hukumomi, MDAs:

* Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Jihar Legas (LASEPA)
* Hukumar Kula da Sharar Sharar ta Jihar Legas (LAWMA)
* Hukumar Kula da Lambuna ta Jihar Legas (LASPARK)
* Kamfanin Ruwa na Legas (LWC)
* Hukumar Kula da Ruwa ta Jihar Legas (LSWRC)
* Hukumar Tallace-tallace ta Jihar Legas (LASAA)
* Kick Against Indiscipline (KAI)
* Ofishin Kula da Sharar Ruwa na Jihar Legas (LSWMO)

## Manazarta
Abincin Igbo

**Abincin Igbo,** Abinci iri-iri ne na al'ummar Igbo mazauna kudu maso gabashin Najeriya.

tushen abincin Igbo shi ne miya. Shahararrun miyan su ne Ofe Oha, Onugbu, ofe akwik, Egwusi da Nsala (Miyar farin barkono). Doya shi ne kuma babban abinci ga Igbo kuma ana cin shi ana dafa shi ko kuma a ci da miya. 

## Abincin Igbo

* Abacha 
* Echicha
* Egusi
* Akpu
* Garri 
* Yi ewu
* Mun mun
* Miyan Ogbono
* Miyar okra
* Palm wine
* Yam (vegetable)
* Ofa Oha 
* Fio Fio
* Ukwa

## Manazarta
Jonathan Somen

**Jonathan Somen** shi ne wanda ya kafa kungiyar Access Kenya tare da dan uwansa, David Somen. 

## Rayuwar farko
Iyalin Somen sun yi hijira zuwa Kenya a shekarar 1923 lokacin da Israel Somen ta ƙaura daga Afirka ta Kudu don yin aikin gwamnati.  An haifi Jonathan Somen a ranar 27 ga watan Yunin shekarar 1969 mahaifinsa Michael da mahaifiyar sa Vera Somen. Mahaifinsa mai ba da shawara ne (advocate) yayin da mahaifiyarsa likita ce. 

Ya halarci Makarantar Banda a Nairobi don karatunsa na farko kafin ya shiga Kwalejin Epsom da ke Surrey don karatun sakandare. Daga baya ya shiga Jami'ar Bristol don yin karatun a fannin tattalin arziki da lissafi. 

## Sana'a
Bayan kammala karatunsa, Jonathan ya koma Kenya kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin jagoran yawon shakatawa na Rhino Safaris da Abercrombie & Kent. Daga baya ya shiga Kamfanin Ruwa na Kilimanjaro a matsayin Babban Manajan Ayyuka.

A shekara ta 1994, Jonathan da ɗan'uwansa sun kafa Communication Solutions Limited (Commsol) daga gidansa a Westlands, Nairobi tare da Jonathan a matsayin Shugaba.  A cikin wannan shekarar, 'yan'uwa sun kafa LCR Telecom Group, wani kamfani da ke ba da bayanai da sadarwa ga ƙananan masana'antu a Birtaniya, Faransa, Spain da Belgium, tare da David a matsayin Shugaba  da kuma Virtual Technology Group a sabis na kiran waya a Afirka da dial-through ta hanyar sabis na tarho a Burtaniya.  A cikin shekara ta 2000, sun sayar da LCR Telecom Group zuwa Primus Telecommunications Group (yanzu HC2 Holdings Inc ) akan dala miliyan 105.3 a hannun jari.  A wannan shekarar, Commsol ya koma AccessKenya Limited. A wannan lokacin kamfanin shine babban kamfani na ISP a Kenya. 

A shekara ta 2007, Jonathan ya jagoranci AccessKenya a jerin sunayen masu musayar hannun jari na Nairobi bayan samun nasarar IPO wanda ya zama kamfanin ICT a yankin.   A shekarar 2013, Dimension Data Holdings  ya sami AccessKenya Group kuma an cire shi daga musayar Securities na Nairobi.  Jonathan ya kasance shugaban kungiyar har zuwa tsakiyar 2015. 

## Sauran ayyukan
Jonathan ya halarci taron Rhino Charge   kuma ya ambaci cewa mafi kyawun hanyarsa don shakatawa ita ce ta tashi. 

## Manazarta