John Peabody Harrington

**John Peabody Harrington** (29 ga Afrilu, 1884 - 21 ga Oktoba, 1961) masanin harshe ne kuma Masanin ilimin kabilanci kuma kwararre ne a cikin 'Yan asalin California . 

Harrington an san shi da babban adadin abubuwan da ya fitar, mafi yawansu ba a buga su ba: sararin ajiya a cikin National Anthropological Archives da aka keɓe ga aikinsa kusan kusan ƙafa 700.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haife shi a Waltham, Massachusetts, Harrington ya koma California tun yana yaro. Daga 1902 zuwa 1905, Harrington ta yi nazarin ilimin ɗan adam da harsuna na gargajiya a Jami'ar Stanford. Harrington ya kammala digiri na farko na Stanford tare da darussan a makarantar bazara a Jami'ar California a Berkeley, inda ya sadu da Alfred Kroeber . 

Ya fara amma bai kammala karatun digiri a Jamus a Jami'ar Leipzig ba, inda ya yi karatu a karkashin Franz Nikolaus Finck . Kamar Harrington, Finck ma'aikaci ne wanda ya yi nazarin harsuna da yawa *a wurin* (musamman yarukan Irish da Caucasian),  kuma Walsh ya yi jayayya cewa Finck na iya kasancewa da tasiri ga Harrington.  Harrington ya zama mai matukar sha'awar harsunan 'yan asalin Amurka da ethnography.

## Kyautar harshe

Maimakon kammala digirin digirinsa a Jami'o'in Leipzig da Berlin, Harrington ya zama malamin harshe na makarantar sakandare. Shekaru uku, ya ba da lokacinsa na hutu ga bincike mai zurfi game da 'yan Chumash da suka tsira. 

Ayyukansa masu zurfi sun jawo hankalin Ofishin Fasaha na Amurka na Smithsonian Museum. Harrington ya zama masanin ilimin kabilanci na dindindin ga ofishin a shekarar 1915. Ya rike wannan matsayi na tsawon shekaru 40, tattara da tattara adadi mai yawa na bayanan asali akan 'yan asalin ƙasar, gami da Chumash, Mutsun, Rumsen, Chochenyo, Kiowa, Chimariko, Yokuts, Gabrielino, Salinan, Yuma, da Muhave, da sauransu da yawa. 

Harrington ya kuma fadada aikinsa zuwa al'adun gargajiya, musamman tatsuniyoyi da yanayin ƙasa. Tarinsa na filin ya haɗa da bayanai game da sunayen wurare da dubban hotuna. Babban tarin ya lalace sosai, kuma ya ƙunshi ba kawai rubuce-rubucen harshe da rikodin ba, har ma da abubuwa da realia na kowane layi; wani mai tsarawa daga baya ya bayyana yadda bude kowane akwati na gadonsa ya kasance "wani kasada a cikin kansa. "  Ya buga kadan daga cikin aikinsa; yawancin bayanansa sun bayyana an ɓoye su da gangan daga abokan aikinsa. Bayan mutuwarsa, masu kula da Smithsonian sun gano fiye da tan shida na akwatuna da aka adana a cikin ɗakunan ajiya, garage har ma da wuraren kiwon kaji a duk faɗin Yamma.

Harrington kusan shine kawai mai rikodin wasu harsuna, kamar Obispeño (Northern) Chumash, Kitanemuk, da Serrano. Ya tattara shafuka sama da miliyan 1 na alamun sauti a kan harsunan da kabilun ke magana daga Alaska zuwa Kudancin Amurka. Lokacin da fasahar ta kasance, ya kara da rubuce-rubucen rubuce-aikacensa tare da rikodin sauti - da yawa kwanan nan sun ƙididdige  - da farko ta amfani da silinda na wax, sannan aluminum discs.https://web.archive.org/web/20081203124757/http://thereporter.com/news/ci_8289386

An yaba masa da tattara wasu rikodin farko na harsuna, al'ada, da waƙoƙi, da kuma kammala sauti na harsuka daban-daban. Harrington ya mai da hankali ga daki-daki, harshe da al'adu, an kwatanta shi sosai a cikin "Tobacco tsakanin Karuk Indians na California," ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan da aka buga a hukumance.

## manazarta