Enugu (jiha)

**Jihar Enugu** ,Jiha ce dake kudu-maso-gabashin Najeriya. Tana da iyaka daga bangaren arewa da jihar Benue da Kogi, jihar Ebonyi daga gabas, jihar Abia daga kudu, da kuma jihar Anambara daga yamma. Jihar ta samo sunanta ne daga Babban Birnin ta watau Birnin Enugu.

Acikin, jihohi 36 dake Najeriya, Enugu itace ta 29 a fadin kasa kuma ita ce kuma ta 22 a yawan jama'a. Tana da yawan fili kimani na kilomita araba’i 7,161 da yawan jama’a milyan uku da dubu dari biyu da sittin da bakwai da dari takwas da talatin da bakwai (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2006). An ayyana yawan jama'arta a cikin shekara ta 2016 akalla mutum miliyan 4.4. Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce Enugu. Ifeanyi Ugwuanyi shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne Cecilia Ezeilo. Dattijan jihar su ne: Gilbert Emeka Nnaji, Ike Ekweremadu da Utazi Godfrey Chukwuka.

## Tarihi
Sunan jihar ya samo asali ne daga babban birnin ta watao Enugu. kalmar "Enugu" ta samo asali ne daga kalmar "Enu Ugwu" ma'ana "saman tsauni" ko kuma ("the top of the hill" a turance). Turawa na farko da suka fara zuwa garin sun zo a 1909, wanda injiniya na hakar ma'adanai watau Albert Kitson ya jagorance su. A yanayinsa na neman azurfa, ya samo gawayi (coal) a yanki Udi. A dalilin haka ne ake kiran garin da *"Coal City State"* wato Jiha mai Gawayi. Gwamna na mulkin mallaka Frederick Lugard, ya nuna ra'ayinsa sosai akan wannan al'amari inda aka fara fitar da coal daga Najeriya zuwa kasar turai a shekara ta 1914. A yayinda harkokin hake-hake suka habaka a garin, a sama wuri mai zaman kansa wanda aka samar da hanyar jirgin kasa. Enugu ta samu zama birni a shekarar  1917, sannan ta zama cikin tsarin burace-buracen turawan lokacin. Kasuwancin kasashen waje suka fara a wanzuwa a Enugu, daga cikin wadanda sukayi fice sun hada da John Holt, Kingsway Stores, bankin turawa na Afurka ta Yamma wato (British Bank of West Africa) da kuma kamfanin United Africa Company.

Jihar Enugu a yau ta tare jama'a iri-iri daga sassa daban daban na kasar, asalin mazauna garin Inyamurai ne da 'yan tsirarun mutanen Idoma and Igala a Etteh Uno. Kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka, Jihar Enugu da aka sani a yanzu tana karkashin Daula Nri da kungiyar tarayyar Inyamurai da aka fi sani da  Arochukwu-based wato Aro Confederacy kafin daga baya turawa suka ci su da yaki a cikin shekarun 1900s a wani yakin da ake kira "Anglo-Aro War". Bayan an gama yakin, turawa sun sanya garin a karkashin garuruwan Kudancin Najeriya dake da kariyar turawa watau **Southern Nigeria Protectorate**, wanda daga baya aka kara hadeta cikin garuruwan Najeriya na Turawa a 1914, bayan hadeta din, Enugu ta zamo cibiyar tawaye ga turawan mulkin mallaka bayan abin a'ajabin da ya faru na kisan gilla da akai wa ma'aikatan hako gawayi a 1949 a tafkin  Iva Valley. 

Bayan samun 'yancin kai a 1960, har wa-yau inda ake kira Jihar Enugu ta kasance daya daga cikin yankunan Gabashin Najeriya ( Eastern Region) har zuwa Mayun 1967, lokaci da gwamnatin Najeriya ta tarwatsa kungiyar aka game ta a cikin yankin garuruwan tsakiyar Gabacin Najeriya, wato East Central State. Bayan watanni biyu da haka, yankin East Central State sun jawo rikici wanda ya janyo yakin basasa na Najeriya da aka kwashe tsawon shekaru uku ana fafatawa, wanda jihar Enugu ta yanzu tana daya daga cikin yankunan Biafra na wancan lokacin. Anyi wa Birnin Biafra lakabi da Babban Birnin Biafra har zuwa lokacin da aka ci galabar ta a yaki acikin shekara ta 1967. Sauran yankunan sunyi wuyan shiga har zuwa lokacin da aka karbe su a watan Juni 1968. Bayan kammala yakin, an hade yankunan Najeriya, in yankunan suka koma karkashin yankin "East Central State", har zuwa 1976, lokacin da aka cire jihar Anambara (tare da jihar Enugu ta yau) daga yankin a lokacin mulkin Murtala Muhammed. Shekaru goma sha biyar bayan haka, An raba jihar Anambara bayan yankin Gabashin ta rushe sannan aka samar da jihar Enugu a 1996. Daga bisani an sake cire wani sashin gabashin jihar Enugu inda aka samar da jihar Ebonyi ta yau.

A fannin kasuwanci kuwa, jihar Enugu tafi kwarewa fannin siya da siyarwa, gudanarwa da kuma harkokin noman kamar doya, shinkafa, gwaza, kwakwan man-ja da rogo da dai makamantansu. Muhimmin fannin sarrafawa shine hako ma'adanai musammman gawayi (coal) daga Tsunukan Udi Hills dake birnin Enugu. Jihar Enugu itace ta goma a tsarin cigaban al'umma a Najeriya kuma itace cibiyar kasashen Inyamurai, wato yankunan garuruwan Inyamurai.

## Labarin Kasa
Enugu tana daya daga cikin jihohin gabashin Najeriya dake gabar tsaunukan Udi. Jihar ta hada iyaka da jihohin Abia da Imo daga kudu, Ebonyi daga gabas, jihar Benue daga arewa-maso-gabas, jihar Kogi daga arewa-maso-yamma da kuma jihar Anambara daga yamma.

Babban Birnin jihar Enugu, wato Enugu na bisa kan hanyar jirgin kasa zuwa PortHarcourt miloli 150miles (240 km) daga arewa maso yammacin garin kuma tana kan hanyar garuruwa kamar Aba, Onitsha, da kuma Abakaliki. Tafiyar sa'oi uku ne daga zuwa jihar Portharcourt inda ake fitar da makamashin gawayi (coal) zuwa kasashen ketare. Enugu har wayau tana da nisan tafiyan sa'a guda daga Onitsha, daya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin kasuwancin Afurka sannan tukin sa'a biyu ne zuwa Aba (daya daga cikin cibiyoyin kasuwanci a Najeriya). Akasarin tsarin yanayin gari yana kamawa daga sanyi zuwa zafi-zafi 17°C (60°F) a watanninta na sanyi, sannan takanyi dumi zuwa zafi a watanninta na sanyi tsakanin ~28°C (upper 80°F).

Jihar Enugu tana da kasan noma da yanayi mai kyau har karshen shekara, tana zaune akan bisa  223 metres (732 ft) *above sea level* sannan akwai hanyoyin ruwa masu kyau a kasa a lokacin damuna.
Tsaka-tsakin zafin Enugu a lokacin mafi zafi garin na faruwa a watan Febreru sannan yakan kai 87.16°F (30.64°C), sannan lokaci mafi sanyi na kasancewa ne a cikin watan Nuwamba wanda yakan kai  60.54°F (15.86°C). Lokacin karancin ruwan sama na 0.16cubic centimetres (0.0098 cu in) na faruwa ne acikin watan Febreru, a yayinda kuma mafi yawan kan kai  35.7 cubic centimetres (2.18 cu in) acikin watan July.

## Siyasa
Gwamnatin jiha da na kananan hukumomi ke da ikon gudanrwa a jihar kamar yadda tsarin kowanne jiha take a Najeriya. Ifeanyi Ugwuanyi ne gwamnan Enugu na yanzu. Mutanen jihar suka zaben a zaben April na 2015, kuma an rantsar dashi a ranar 29 May 2015.  Sullivan Chime ne gwamnan da ya gabaci Ifeanyi, wanda ya karba mulki shima a hannun Chimaroke Nnamani.

 

### Ƙananan Hukumomi
 
Jihar Enugu na da adadin Ƙananan hukumomi guda goma sha bakwai (17). sune:

* Aninri
* Awgu
* Enugu ta Gabas
* Enugu ta Arewa
* Enugu ta Kudu
* Ezeagu
* Igbo Etiti
* Igbo Eze ta Arewa
* Igbo Eze ta Kudu
* Isi Uzo
* Nkanu ta Gabas
* Nkanu ta Yamma
* Nsukka
* Oji River
* Udenu
* Udi
* Uzo-Uwani

## Tattalin arziki
Ta fuskar tattalin arziki, garin na da karkara wanda akasarin mutanensu manoma ne. Duk da cewa saye da sayarwa (18.8%) da kuma ayyukan gwamnati (12.9%) suna taka muhimmin rawa suma. A yankunan birane kuma, kasuwanci na daya daga cikin ayyukan mutanen gari, sai kuma ayyukan gwamnati. Kadan daga cikin mutanen garin suna harkokin kere-kere, wanda mafi yawansu na zaune a Enugu, Oji, Ohebedim da kuma Nsukka. Jihar Enugu na takama da kasuwanni musamman a yankunan hedikwatan yankuna, wadanda sukayi fice sun hada da  kasuwar Ogbete dake birnin Enugu. Har wayau akwai wani babban kasuwan hatsi daga kudanci Niger, kasuwar Orie Orba wanda ke matsayin kasuwan manoma daga sassa daban daban kamar Benue, Kogi, Nassarawa da Plateau wanda ke amfani da kasuwar wajen saida hatsin su zuwa kudu maso gabashin da kuma kudu maso kudancin Najeriya. A duk bayan kwanaki hudu ana kawo hatsi masu yawa kuma ana cinikinsu da yawa zuwa sassa daban daban na kasan a farashi mafi sauki.

### Lantarki
Akwai isasshen wutan lantarki a yankin Enugu da kewayenta. Akwai kamfanin wutan lantarki na garin watau "Oji River Power Station" wand ake samar da wuta ga duka yankunan gabashin Najeriya na nan a jihar Enugu. Har wayau akwai makarantu masu zaman kansu da dama a jihar.

### Ilimi
Kowacce unguwa/yanki na jihar Enugu na da akalla makarantan firamare da na sakandare wanda gwamnatin jiha ke daukan nauyin karatun dalibanta.

Jami'ar farko na Najeriya (University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN), na nan a jihar Enugu. Akwai makarantu da dama a yankin kadan daga cikinsu sun hada da Enugu State University of Science & Technology (ESUT), Institute of Management and Technology (IMT), Federal Cooperative College, Oji River (FCCO);[15] Enugu State College of Education Technical, Enugu; Caritas University, Amorji-Nike, Renaissance University, Ugbawka; Command Day Secondary School Enugu, Federal Government College Enugu, Federal School of Dental Technology & Therapy, College of Immaculate Conception, Enugu,[17] Queen's School Enugu a Prominent high school for girls in the Eastern region; St. Theresa's College, Nsukka; Special Science Boys' Secondary School Agbani, Nkanu West L.G.A; [St. Patrick's Secondary School], Emene, Bigard Memorial Seminary, Enugu; Awgu County College, Nenwe; Community Secondary School, Ugbo-Okpala da makamantansu.

### Kiwon Lafiya
Akwai asibitoci kaman University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) na nan a Enugu, hadi da asibitocin Enugu State University Teaching Hospital and College of Medicine duk a Enugu. Bugu da kari, akwai asibitoci masu zaman kansu da dama a jihar. Har wayau akwai asibitoci karkashin kowacce gunduma kamar, Udi, Agbani, Awgu, Ikem, Enugu-Ezike, da kuma Nsukka. sannan kuma akalla akwai wurin shan magani guda a kowacce kamar hukuma daga kananan hukumomi 17 na garin da kuma wuraren gwaji 39 a kowacce jiha. Haka zalika akwai jami'ar kiwon lafiyar dabbobi watau University of Nigeria Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH) duk a Enugu.

Daga cikin asibitocin da sukayi fice a garin sun hada da "Niger Foundation Hospital" da kuma "Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (wanda akafi sani da Park Lane)".

### Addini
Cocukan garin sun rabu zuwa Catholic, Anglican da kuma Pentecostal.

### Jama'a
Kidayen da aka kaddamar a shekara ta 2006 ya nuna cewa akwai mutane akall 3,267,837 a Enugu (an ayyana cewa sun kai 3.8 million a 2012). Garin inyamurai ne da mutane kadan daga yarukan Idoma/Ighala a Ette (Igbo-Eze North) Jihar Enugu, Najeriya,

## Sanannun Mutane

* Rear admiral Allison Madueke - tsohon Chief Naval Staff
* Justice Anthony Aniagolu
* Commodore Anthony Ogugua - Gwamnan Soja na jihar Imo
* Justice Augustine Nnamani
* Sen Ayogu Eze
* Prof. Barth Nnaji  - Tsohon Minista na Power
* Bianca Ojukwu Nee (Onoh)
* Lolo Cecelia  Ezilo - Mace ta farko da ta riki mukamin mataimakiyar Gwaman a jihar Enugu.
* Justice Charles Onyeama - Alkalin kotun Supreme Court na Nigeria, da kuma International Court of Justice
* Senator Chimaroke Nnamani - Tsohon Gwamnan Jihar
* Chiwetel Ejiofor - Dan wasan kwaikwayo na turai
* Christian Chukwu -  Tsohon Captain na wasan kwallon kafa na Najeriya kuma coach na super eagles 
* Chief C.C. Onoh - Gwamnan tsohuwar Anambra, Chairman dan kasa na farko Indigenous Chairman Coal Co-operation
* Prof Onwumechili Cyril - Dan Najeriya na farko wato Nigerian Nuclear Physicist kumaFirst African Professor of Agricultural Science
* Daniel Kanayo Daniel
* Dillibe Onyeama  - Nigerian Author and publisher, the first black person to finish his studies at Eton College
* Akuabata Njeze - Tsohon Minista na Aviation and Ambassador
* Frank Edward
* Frank Nweke - Tsohon Minista da DG Nigerian Economics Summit Group
* Geofrey Onyema - Ministan harkokin waje 
* Ifeanyi Ugwuanyi - Governor Enugu state, Former Three times member House of Representative
* Senator Ike Ekweremadu - Longest Serving Deputy Senate President in Nigeria and First Nigerian Speaker of ECOWAS Parliament
* Commodore James Aneke - Gwamnan soja na Jihar Imo
* Jim Ifeanyichukwu Nwobodo - Ex Governor Old Anambra state, Minister and Senator
* John Nnia Nwodo - President Ohaneze Ndigbo and Former Minister of Information
* John Okafor (Aka Mr. Ibu)
* Group Capt. Joe Orji - Military Governor Gombe state
* Justina Eze - Ambassador
* Senator Ken Nnamani - Tsohon Senate President
* Kenneth Okonkwo
* Mike Ejeagha
* Nkem Owoh
* Ogbonna Onovo - I.G.P
* Ogonna Nneka Nnamani - American indoor volleyball player, former member of the United States National and Olympic Team
* Dr. Okwesilieze Nwodo - Governor Old Enugu State and Former National Secretary PDP
* Prof. Chinedu Nebo  - Tsohon V.C. University of Nigeria Nsukka and Federal University Oye Ekiti, Former Minister of Power
* Prof Osita Ogbu
* Patience Ozokwor
* Justice Nnaemeka Agu 
* Racheal Okonkwo
* Sullivan Chime - Tsohon Gwamnan jihar Enugu
* Uche Ogbodo
* William Onyeabor
* Zain Ejiofor Asher - British News Anchor at CNN
* Owoh Chimaobi Chris (Aka Zoro)
*Hazel Oyeye Onou (Aka White-Money) Winner of Big Brother Naija season 6 (Shine Ya Eye)

## Manazarta