Fensir mai launin shudi

**Tagar Azure** ( Maltese   ), wanda kuma aka sani da **Window Dwejra** ( Maltese   ),  baka na halitta a tsibirin Gozo, wanda ke kusa da gabar tekun Malta . Siffar farar ƙasa, wacce ke cikin Dwejra Bay kusa da Tekun Inland da Dutsen Fungus, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren shakatawa na tsibirin har sai da ya ruguje a cikin yanayi mai hadari a kan 8 Maris 2017. Bakin, tare da wasu siffofi na halitta a yankin, ya bayyana a cikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa da kuma ayyukan watsa labarai.

Tsarin dutse, wanda ya kunshi ginshiƙi da ke tashi daga teku ya haɗu da dutsen ta hanyar shimfiɗa, an halicce shi ne ta hanyar rushewa kogon teku, mai yiwuwa a cikin karni na 19. Rushewar karshe a cikin 2017 ta biyo bayan ƙarni na lalacewar halitta, a lokacin da manyan sassan dutse suka fashe kuma suka fada cikin teku.

## Tarihi

### Kafawa

Gilashin Azure ya samo asali ne ta hanyar rushewar teku na fuskar dutse mai laushi. Ci gaban ya fara ne da saurin farko wanda ya haifar da aikin guguwa. Wannan sararin da ba shi da dutse sai ya haifar da damuwa wanda ke haifar da kafa haɗin kai tsaye wanda ke kaiwa sama daga rami. Wannan haɗin zai ci gaba da zama babba, da farko ya zama kogo kuma a ƙarshe ya zama bakan. An kai ƙarshen rayuwar bakan lokacin da rushewa a ƙarshe ya ci gaba har zuwa inda rufin bakan ya fi nauyi fiye da yadda ginshiƙai zasu iya tallafawa. Ba a san daidai lokacin da aka fara ginin ba, amma an yi imanin cewa duk tsarin ya ɗauki kusan shekaru 500.

Ba a ambaci bakan a cikin bayanin karni na 17 da 18 na yankin Dwejra ba, wanda ya riga ya shahara saboda Fungus Rock da ke kusa, don haka mai yiwuwa bai wanzu a lokacin ba. Littafin Giovanni Francesco Abela na 1647 *Della Descrizione di Malta* da De Soldanis' 1746 manuscript Il Gozo Antico-Moderno e Sacro-Profano dukansu sun ambaci *Tieqa Żerqa* (an rubuta shi a matsayin *Tieka Szerka*)  ko GħarBit-Żerqa, amma wannan yana nufin ƙofar kogo zuwa Tekun Inland da ke kusa. Saboda haka, mai yiwuwa ne cewa lokacin da Azure Window ya kafa ya gaji sunansa daga wannan wani kogo.

Tarihin farko da aka sani na Azure Window yana cikin hoto na 1824 na Hasumiyar Dwejra da ke kusa. Koyaya, an nuna shi a bayan hoton, kuma ba a san ko har yanzu kogo ne ko kuma ya riga ya zama bakan ba. Hoton fensir da Lt Col. Richard Irton ya zana na cikakken Azure Window mai yiwuwa ya kasance a 1830. A shekara ta 1866, mai zane Edward Lear ya ziyarci Dwejra kuma ya bayyana a cikin mujallarsa cewa "yanayin bakin teku ba kusan kyau ba ne kamar na Malta. " Hotunan farko da aka rubuta na asalin halitta tabbas Richard Ellis ne ya ɗauka, kuma an same su a cikin kundin Michael Dundon mai kwanan wata 26 ga Yuli 1879 .  An buga hoton da Ellis ya yi a cikin littafi a cikin 2011, yana nuna bambancin bambanci da hotuna na karni na 20 da 21. 

A cikin ƙarni na 20 da farkon ƙarni na 21, bakan yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren yawon bude ido na Malta, kuma sanannen wuri ne a cikin hotuna. An haɗa shi a cikin Yankin Karewa na Musamman,  kuma a cikin 1998, an haɗa shi a jerin sunayen Malta na UNESCO World Heritage Sites, tare da sauran Dwejra Bay.  

### Rashin lalacewa da raguwa

Tsakanin shekarun 1980 da 2000, wasu sassan saman bangon bakan sun rushe, suna fadada bakan sosai. Wani babban dutse a gefen waje na ramin ya rushe a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2012, ya kara girman taga. Wani dutse ya fadi a watan Maris na shekara ta 2013. Watanni huɗu bayan haka mai ba da shawara Peter Gatt, wanda ke wakiltar kamfanin Geoscience Consulting Ltd, ya shirya rahoton ilimin ƙasa da na ƙasa, kuma ya ƙaddara cewa akwatin ya kasance "mai ɗorewa kuma zai ci gaba da kasancewa haka na shekaru da yawa", kuma babu "matsayin" haɗari na rushewa, kodayake ya yi gargadi cewa dutsen dutse zai ci gaba kuma yana iya zama haɗari ga mutane su je kusa da akwatin.

An ba da rahoton ƙarin faduwar dutse da fissures a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Masunta sun guji zuwa kusa da baka tare da jiragensu, kuma an sanya alamun gargadi don hana mutane tafiya a saman. Koyaya, mutane da yawa har yanzu suna ci gaba da tafiya a kan bakan a kai a kai, kuma an ɗora bidiyo a YouTube na mutane suna nutsewa daga dutse yayin da duwatsu ke fadowa.

A watan Maris na shekara ta 2016, Gatt ya yi gargadin cewa amfani da fashewa ba bisa ka'ida ba a kusa da Tekun Inland na iya yin tasiri a kan tsarin da ya riga ya raunana na Azure Window da ke kusa. Wadannan maganganu an yi su ne bayan binciken da Hukumar Kula da Muhalli da Shirye-shiryen Malta ta yi wanda ya nuna cewa an yi amfani da kayan fashewa "watakila" don yin yankan dutse a cikin ramin da ke kaiwa ga Tekun Inland. An yi zargin cewa yankewa ba bisa ka'ida ba ne don fadada ƙofar don ba da damar manyan jiragen ruwa su shiga.

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2016, an buga umarni na gaggawa wanda ya hana mutane shiga cikin bakan, masu laifi da ke fuskantar tarar € 1500. Koyaya, ba a aiwatar da wannan doka ba, kuma baƙi har yanzu suna tafiya a saman bakan kwanaki kafin ya rushe a watan Maris na shekara ta 2017.

### Rushewa ta ƙarshe
Ginin ya rushe a misalin karfe 9:40 na safe lokacin gida (8:40 na UTC) a ranar 8 ga Maris 2017 bayan wani lokaci na guguwa mai tsanani, ya bar komai a bayyane sama da ruwa. Ginin ya ba da hanya da farko, wanda ya sa saman ɓangaren bakan ya rushe tare da shi. Wataƙila ginshiƙi ya fashe ya zama manyan duwatsu yayin da ya rushe. An ce rushewar ba za a iya gujewa ba.&nbsp;&nbsp;

An bayar da rahoton rushewar a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na gida da na duniya. Firayim Minista Joseph Muscat da Shugaban Jam'iyyar adawa Simon Busuttil dukansu sun wallafa a shafin Twitter game da rushewar Azure Window,  kuma ya zama batun yawancin abubuwan da ke cikin Intanet a kan kafofin sada zumunta na Maltese.   Hukumar Kula da Muhalli da albarkatun ta kira rushewar babbar asara ga al'adun halitta na Malta. Hukumar Muhalli ta Cocin ta ce ya kamata rushewar ta sa mutanen Malta suyi tunani game da al'adunsu na kasa. Majalisar karamar hukumar San Lawrenz ta bukaci gwamnati da ta kafa shirin gudanarwa ga dukan yankin Dwejra, wanda ya haɗa da wasu sanannun fasalulluka duk da asarar Azure Window.

A ranar da aka rushe, 'yan sanda sun yi kira ga jama'a da kada su ziyarci yankin. An dakatar da nutsewa a yankin na ɗan lokaci, kodayake ba a tilasta wannan ba kuma hotunan ragowar bakan da ke ƙarƙashin ruwa sun fito ne 'yan kwanaki bayan rushewar. Ragowar bakan sun samar da siffofi da yawa waɗanda ake kira "aljanna ta daban-daban", kodayake Sufuri Malta da Hukumar Muhalli da Albarkatarwa har yanzu suna ba da shawara ga jama'a su nisanta daga yankin har sai an gudanar da bincike da dubawa.

Bayan rushewar, Gatt ya ce bayan rahotonsa, ya nemi a kula da baka da ginshiƙi na dogon lokaci, a kokarin nazarin yankin da kuma tabbatar da ko ginshiƙi da ke tallafawa baka yana motsawa, "amma babu wani bin diddigin kuma yanayin ginshiƙi bai kasance ba.

### Sakamakon haka
A ranar 9 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2017, gwamnati ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta kaddamar da wani shiri na kasa da kasa kan makomar Dwejra. Zaɓuɓɓukan da ake la'akari da su sun haɗa da barin shafin kamar yadda yake, dawo da ragowar taga daga ƙarƙashin teku da nuna su,  ƙirƙirar wucin gadi ko haɓaka gaskiyar sake fasalin taga,  kafa cibiyar fassara ko ƙirƙirar shigarwar fasaha a shafin. Gwamnati ta bayyana cewa ba za a sake gina dutsen ba. Amsa kawai ga wannan kiran na kasa da kasa shine daga mai haɓaka Gozitan Joseph Portelli, yana ba da shawarar gina otal a cikin wani dutse kusa da shafin Azure Window. Har ila yau, aikin zai haɗa da yanki na fassara, cibiyar nutsewa, gidan kayan gargajiya mai ma'amala, cibiyar lura da sama da wuraren sufuri. A watan Agustan 2018 an ba da sanarwar cewa gwamnati ba ta shirya ci gaba da wannan shawarar ba.

A ƙarshen 2018, masanin ƙasar Rasha Svetozar Andreev na Hoteì Rasha, tare da haɗin gwiwar Elena Britanishskaya, sun ba da sanarwar shirin gina ginin ƙarfe a wurin tagar Azure. Mai suna *The Heart of Malta*, aikin ya ƙunshi wani tsari tare da polygonal mirrored karfe fuska fuska, da ciwon girman da rabbai bisa na tsohon halitta baka. Tsarin zai hada da benaye biyar masu dauke da sama da    na sararin nuni, tare da kowane bene yana wakiltar tarihin Maltese. Ƙaƙwalwar tsakiya za ta haɗa benaye tare.    Wannan shawarar ta jawo ra'ayoyi iri-iri daga jama'a. Yawancin wadanda suka amsa zabukan kan layi sun yarda.   Duk da haka, an kuma soki aikin tun lokacin da wurin shakatawa ne na ruwa kuma shiga tsakani zai lalata ragowar ruwa na asali na taga Azure. Haka kuma, harsashin ginin dole ne ya huta a cikin teku a zurfin sama da , kuma wurin yana da haɗari ga hadari mai tsanani. 

A watan Agustan 2019, an sanya wa sabuwar titi a ƙauyen San Lawrenz da ke kusa da ita suna Triq it-Tieqa tad-Dwejra (Dwejra Window Street) don tunawa da alamar halitta.

## Ilimin ƙasa

Gilashin Azure wani baka ne na halitta tare da tsawo na kimanin    da kuma tsawon kusan   .  Ya kasance a saman wani dutse da aka sani da Dwejra Point .  Ginin ya kasance a cikin Lower Coralline Limestone Formation, jerin duwatsu masu tasowa waɗanda suka yadu a tsibirin Maltese kuma an ajiye su a lokacin Oligocene. Tsarin ya kasu kashi biyu, memba A da memba B. memba A ya kafa tushe da ginshiƙai na bakan, kuma memba B ya kafa yawancin saman da ba a tallafawa ba.

Member A, ca. 20m a cikin kauri, galibi ya ƙunshi burbushin coralline ja algae a cikin siminti.  A baka, ya haɗa da faci huɗu, masu ƙidaya A-1 zuwa A-4, tare da A-2 shine mafi ƙanƙanta.  Zubar da waɗannan abubuwan da ke cikin ruwa ya kasance a hankali kuma ya faru a cikin zurfin ruwa>  tare da matsakaicin igiyoyin ruwa. 

Memba B ya ca.  a cikin kauri kuma ya haɗa da faci biyar, ƙidaya B-1 zuwa B-5. B-1 yana samar da wani bakin ciki na farin farar ƙasa tsakanin Memba A da sauran Memba na B wanda yake da taushi kuma don haka ya fi sauƙi lalacewa, saboda haka ya haifar da damuwa a kusa da taga.  An ajiye shi a cikin ruwa mai zurfi tare da babban motsin motsi.  B-2 da B-3 sun kafa  - kauri mai kauri na fakitin fakitin kwance da giciye zuwa dutsen hatsi, waɗanda suke da ƙura kuma don haka ƙasa da ƙarfi. B-5 ya kasance  - kauri mai kauri na fakitin dutse zuwa dutsen farar ƙasa, kuma ya kafa babban ɓangaren da ba shi da tallafi na baka.  Facies na Memba B ya ƙunshi burbushin halittu masu yawa, ciki har da *Scutella*, *Pecten*, manyan kashin baya na echinoid da manyan benthic foraminifera . Duk gadajen Memba B sun shiga ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa biyu.  An sami wani nau'in wanda Globigerina Limestone ya lullube shi a saman facies B-5, amma wannan ya lalace sosai. Ginin yana kusa da Tekun Inland, babban rami mai zagaye wanda karamin akwatin ya kai wanda ya bunkasa tare da haɗin gwiwa a cikin duwatsu. Fungus Rock, wani tsibiri wanda aka kafa lokacin da gadar wani yanayi ta rushe ta bar tarin, shi ma yana kusa. Har ila yau, yankin ya ƙunshi Hasumiyar Dwejra, hasumiyar tsaro ta bakin teku ta ƙarni na 17 da Order of St. John ta gina. Wani bango na halitta, Wied il-Mielaħ, yana da kimanin kilomita  (2.3  arewa maso gabashin Dwejra. Duk da haka, ba a san shi sosai ba fiye da Azure Window.

## Bayyanar kafofin watsa labarai
Azure Window yana cikin fina-finai da yawa, ciki har da Clash of the Titans (1981), The *Count na Monte Cristo* (2002) da fim din Indiya na Harshen Tamil na 2010 Vinnaithaandi Varuvaaya .  Hakanan ana iya ganinsa a cikin miniseries na talabijin The *Odyssey* (1997).   An yi amfani da shi azaman wurin yin fim don bikin auren Dothraki a farkon kakar wasan kwaikwayo na HBO na Game of Thrones .  Fim din Game of Thrones ya haifar da gardama lokacin da wani dan kwangila ya lalata tsarin halittu mai kariya. An nuna David Colturi a cikin bidiyon talla na Hugo Boss na 2017 a Azure Window da Wied il-Mielaħ Window . 

## Manazarta