Mutanen Wasikar

**The Letter People** wani shirin karatu da rubutu ne na yara na Amurka wanda aka gina a kusa da haruffa 26 na anthropomorphic waɗanda ke wakiltar haruffa na haruffa. An yi la'akari da shi a tsakiyar shekarun 1960 ta hanyar malamai Elayne Reiss-Weimann da Rita Friedman, New Dimensions in Education, Inc. sun sayar da kayan aji tun daga farkon 1968 kuma an karɓa a dubban makarantu. Shirin na farko, ciki har da Alpha One (digiri 1-2) da Alpha Time (kindergarten), sun yi amfani da labaru, waƙoƙi, fina-finai, da kuma "Huggables" don koyar da wasika-sauti da ƙwarewar karatu na farko.

Shirin Alpha Time daga baya ya fadada zuwa talabijin tare da jerin shirye-shirye 60, jerin minti 15 da aka samar a KETC a St. Louis, wanda aka fara a ranar 13 ga Maris, 1974 kuma daga baya aka watsa shi a ko'ina a talabijin na jama'a da tashoshin ilimi. Shirin na asali da wasan kwaikwayon sun jawo hankali ga nau'ikan jinsi (ma'anar "Mister," wasula kamar "Miss"), wanda ya haifar da muhawara da gyare-gyaren abun ciki na gaba a cikin 1970s.

Mallaka ta canza a cikin 1990 zuwa Abrams & Co., wanda ya sake fasalin haruffa da tsarin karatu a cikin 1996 kuma daga baya ya haɗa dukiyar cikin shirin DIG Pre-K bayan Abrams ya haɗu da Abrams Learning Trends. A cikin 2019, Kamfanin Koyon Excelligence ya sami shirin kuma ya ninka shi cikin reshen Frog Street; Frog Street daga baya ya dakatar da DIG Pre-K, yana kawo karshen sabon samarwa da ke da alaƙa da The Letter People.

## Shirin asali

Elayne Reiss-Weimann da Rita Friedman, malamai biyu daga George Miller Elementary a Nanuet, New York, sun kirkiro manufar Letter People. A shekara ta 1964, malamin aji na farko Reiss-Weimann ya kafa ra'ayin asali na mutanen Wasika. Ta yi gwagwarmaya a kowace rana don jawo hankalin ɗalibanta 24 (waɗanda suka kasance ɗalibai na farko, masu ƙwazo da ƙyama) a cikin ɗakin ajiyar da ke cikin ɗakin ajiya a makarantar da ke cike da mutane. Weimann ya haɗu da mai kula da yara, Rita Friedman, don ƙirƙirar shirin ilimi wanda ke kewaye da haruffa 26 na mutum, kowannensu yana wakiltar harafin haruffa, don koya wa masu karatu yadda za su "ƙaddamar" ko "sauti" consonants da wasula waɗanda ke samar da kalmomi. Sun sanya ka'idojin asali na phonics a cikin labaru game da wannan dangin pictograms da ake kira Letter People.

Kowane harafi na haruffa yana da halaye na musamman don taimakawa yara su koyi ba kawai harafin ba amma sautin da harafin ke wakiltar a cikin kalmar da aka rubuta. Misali, Mista M yana da baki mai cin abinci, Mista N yana da hanci mai hayaniya kuma Mista T yana da hakora masu tsawo. An zana haruffa a kan manyan katunan hoto guda biyu. Kowane hali an ba shi hali mai ban sha'awa don taimakawa malamin ya kawo shi da rai a cikin aji, kuma kowane hali yana da waƙa (ko waka a lokacin) don taimakawa yara su tuna da fasalin da sauti. Tare da taimakon mutanen wasika, yara sun ci gaba da aiki, sun koyi da sauri, kuma sun riƙe abin da suka koya. Tun daga farko, yara suna kallon mutanen wasika kamar mutane na ainihi kuma ba kawai haruffa na haruffa ba, na'urorin sauti, ko kayan wasa. A wani lokaci, lokacin da za a tura mutanen wasika zuwa wata makaranta, yaran sun nace cewa za a sanya ramuka a cikin akwatunan don mutanen wasika su iya numfashi yayin da suke tafiya.

Weimann da Friedman daga baya sun sayar da ra'ayin a cikin 1968 zuwa sabon kafa New Dimensions in Education, Inc. (wanda aka kafa a Plainview, New York, kuma daga baya a Norwalk, Connecticut ) wanda, bi da bi, haƙƙin mallaka da kuma buga kayan ilimi na Letter People a watan Afrilu na 1969.    NDE9 ya haɓaka ra'ayi a cikin aji *ɗaya* [3] a cikin shirye-shirye na 6 *na Alpha*  a cikin 1972.  Daga baya, NDE ta shiga yarjejeniya ta lasisi tare da Arista,  tana ba Arista haƙƙin keɓancewar rarraba kayan *wasiƙa* a makarantu da ɗakunan karatu, yayin da NDE ta ci gaba da kula da kasuwannin gida da kasuwanci.

   Dukkanin mahimman ra'ayi na shirin sun kasance masu sautin: Kowane harafi na haruffa na Ingilishi an wakilta shi da hali na musamman tare da halaye da aka samo daga kanta. Harshen sun kasance maza (kamar Wasikar Yara) kuma wasula mata ne (kamar 'Yan Wasikar, waɗanda ba za a iya samun kalma ba tare da su ba). Reiss-Weimann da Friedman sun kuma rubuta jerin littattafai guda biyu game da haruffa, Read-to-Me (1972-1978) da Fables from the Letter People (1988-1989). Liz Callen ta kwatanta dukkan littattafan jerin na ƙarshe. Kowane Mutumin Wasika kuma yana da waƙar da ke tare (wanda ke samuwa a kan cassette, waƙoƙi takwas, da rikodin vinyl), da siffofin vinyl masu kumbura a cikin nau'i biyu 12 zuwa 14 a ( zuwa 360  ko 30 a (760 mm)  a.k.a. "rayuwa-girman") da aka sani da "Huggables". Sauran kayayyaki sun haɗa da fim, katunan flash, katunan hoto masu girma, wasannin jirgi, ƙwarewa, sauran rikodin vinyl na ilimi, da takardun launi. An horar da malamai da suka karɓi shirin a cikin aiwatarwa, kuma ba da daɗewa ba fiye da makarantu 37,000 suka karɓi The Letter People a duk faɗin Amurka.

## Manazarta