Martin Amis

Sir Martin Louis Amis FRSL (25 Agusta 1949 - 19 Mayu 2023) marubuci ne na Ingilishi, marubuci, mawallafi, memoirist, marubucin allo kuma mai suka. An fi saninsa da litattafan litattafansa Kudi (1984) da filayen London (1989). Ya karɓi lambar yabo ta James Tait Black Memorial Prize don ƙwarewar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyarsa kuma an jera shi sau biyu don Kyautar Booker (an takaitaccen jeri a cikin 1991 don Kibiya na Lokaci kuma an daɗe a cikin 2003 don Dog Dog). Amis farfesa ne na rubutun ƙirƙira a Cibiyar Sabon Rubuce ta Jami'ar Manchester daga 2007 har zuwa 2011.A cikin 2008, The Times ta nada shi ɗayan manyan marubutan Burtaniya 50 tun 1945.Ayyukan Amis sun ta'allaka ne kan wuce gona da iri na al'ummar yammacin duniya 'yan jari-hujja, wadanda suka fahimci rashin fahimta ya sau da yawa ta hanyar nuna kyama. Wasu masu sukar adabi ne suka bayyana shi a matsayin ƙwararren abin da jaridar New York Times ta kira “sabon rashin jin daɗi.” Saul Bellow da Vladimir Nabokov suka yi masa wahayi, da kuma mahaifinsa Kingsley Amis. Amis ya rinjayi yawancin marubutan Burtaniya na ƙarshen 20th da farkon ƙarni na 21st, gami da Will Self da Zadie Smith.

Sabbin sabbin abubuwa nasa - masu alamar ban mamaki, tsarin jimla na baroque, da gwajin labari na zamani - sun tsara tsararrun marubutan Burtaniya. Yawancin litattafansa ana yaba su da sake farfado da littafin ban dariya a ƙarshen ƙarni na 20 na Biritaniya. Amis ya mutu ne daga cutar kansar osophageal a gidansa da ke Florida a cikin 2023.A. O. Scott ya rubuta a cikin The New York Times bayan mutuwarsa: "Don zuwa ga shekarun karatu a cikin shekaru talatin na ƙarshe na karni na 20 - daga takunkumin mai ta hanyar faduwar katangar Berlin, har zuwa 9/11 - ya rayu, yanzu ga alama, a cikin Amis Era."

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Amis a ranar 25 ga Agusta 1949 a Asibitin Maternity na Radcliffe da ke Oxford, Ingila. Mahaifinsa, marubuci Kingsley Amis, ɗan ma'aikacin ma'aikacin mastad ne daga Clapham, London; , Kingston akan Haifa Thames Hilary ("Hilly") Ann Bardwell, yar ma'aikacin gwamnati ce ta Ma'aikatar Noma. [n 1] Yana da ɗan'uwa babba, Philip; 'Yar'uwarsa, Sally - wanda Philip Larkin ya rubuta "An haifi Jiya" [13] - ya mutu a cikin 2000 yana da shekaru 46. Iyayensa sun yi aure a 1948 a Oxford kuma suka sake aure lokacin Amis yana da shekaru 12;

Amis ya halarci makarantu da yawa a cikin 1950s da 1960s, gami da makarantar ƙasa da ƙasa a Mallorca,Bishop Gore School a Swansea, da Makarantar Sakandare ta Cambridgeshire don Boys, inda wani shugaban makaranta ya bayyana shi da "marasa alƙawari da ba a saba ba”. Yabo da ya biyo bayan littafin mahaifinsa na farko Lucky Jim (1954) ya aika da iyali zuwa Princeton, New Jersey, a Amurka, inda mahaifinsa ya yi lacca.A cikin 1965, yana ɗan shekara 15, Amis ta buga John Thornton a cikin sigar fim ɗin Richard Hughes's A High Wind a Jamaica.Yana da tsayin ƙafa 5 da inci 6 (m1.68), ya kira kansa a matsayin "short-arse" lokacin yana matashi.Mahaifinsa ya ce Amis ba ɗan littafi ba ne, kuma "ba karanta komai ba sai almara na kimiyya har ya kai sha biyar ko sha shida". Amis ya ce ya karanta kadan fiye da littattafan ban dariya har sai mahaifiyarsa, marubuciya Elizabeth Jane Howard, ta gabatar da shi ga Jane Austen, wacce yakan kira sunansa a matsayin farkon tasirinsa. Ya sauke karatu daga Exeter College, Oxford, tare da taya murna da farko a cikin Ingilishi, "Irin da aka kira ku don yin viva kuma masu jarrabawar sun gaya muku yadda suka ji daɗin karanta takardunku.

Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Oxford a cikin 1971, Amis ya rubuta bita game da litattafan almara na kimiyya a ƙarƙashin nom de plume "Henry Tilney" (nod to Austen) a cikin shafi don The Observer. Yana da shekaru 27, ya zama editan adabi na New Statesman, inda ya buga marubuci kuma edita John Gross a matsayin abin koyinsa, kuma ya sadu da Christopher Hitchens, sannan marubucin fasalin The Observer, wanda ya kasance babban abokin Amis har mutuwarsa a 2011.

## Rufutun farko
A cewar Amis, mahaifinsa ya yi matukar suka ga wasu bangarorin aikinsa. "Zan iya nuna ainihin wurin da ya tsaya [karanta littafin Amis's novel Money] kuma ya aika da shi ta cikin iska; a nan ne hali mai suna Martin Amis ya shigo." Kingsley ya koka da cewa: "Karya ka'idoji, yin cudanya da mai karatu, jawo hankali ga kansa."Littafinsa na farko The Rachel Papers (1973) - wanda aka rubuta a Lemmons, gidan dangi a arewacin London - ya sami lambar yabo ta Somerset Maugham. Yana ba da labarin wani matashi mai haske, mai girman kai da dangantakarsa da babbar budurwar a cikin shekara kafin ya tafi jami'a;An kwatanta shi da "autobiographical"kuma an yi shi a cikin fim na 1989 wanda bai yi nasara ba.

Matattu Babies (1975), mafi kyawu a cikin sauti, tarihin wasu kwanaki a rayuwar wasu abokai waɗanda suka taru a cikin gidan ƙasa don shan kwayoyi. Yawancin halayen rubuce-rubucen Amis sun bayyana a nan a karon farko: baƙar fata mai laushi, damuwa da zeitgeist, shiga tsakani na hukuma, halin da aka yi wa bala'i na ban dariya da wulakanci, da rashin jin daɗi ("Halayena ya kasance, ban san ilimin kimiyya ba, amma na san abin da nake so"). An yi gyare-gyaren fim a cikin 2000, wanda mai sukar fim na Guardian Peter Bradshaw ya bayyana a matsayin "mai ban sha'awa, abin kunya, rashin tausayi da rashin hankali - kuma ba ta hanya mai kyau ba.

Success (1977) ya ba da labarin ƴan uwa biyu masu goyan baya, Gregory Riding and Terry Service, da tashinsu da faɗuwar arziki. Wannan shi ne misali na farko na son Amis don a alamance "haɗin kai" haruffa a cikin litattafansa, wanda ya kasance abin maimaitawa a cikin almararsa tun (Martin Amis da Martina Twain a cikin Kudi, Richard Tull da Gwyn Barry a cikin Bayanin, da Jennifer Rockwell da Mike Hoolihan a cikin Jirgin Dare). A wannan lokacin, saboda furodusa Stanley Donen ya gano alaƙa tsakanin labarinsa da "halayen lalata da nihilistic" na Dead Babies,  An gayyaci Amis don yin aiki akan wasan kwaikwayo na fim ɗin almara na kimiyya Saturn 3 (1980). Fim ɗin ya yi nisa daga babban nasara mai mahimmanci, amma Amis ya sami damar yin amfani da ƙwarewar don littafinsa na biyar, Money, wanda aka buga a 1984. Sauran Mutane: Labari Mai Asiri (1981) - taken shine nuni ga Sartre's Huis Clos - game da wata budurwa da ta fito daga suma. Littafi ne na wucin gadi a cikin cewa shine farkon Amis don nuna sa hannun hukuma a cikin muryar labari, da kuma ingantaccen harshe a cikin kwatancin jarumar abubuwan yau da kullun, wanda aka ce makarantar wakoki ta “Martian” ta Craig Raine ta yi tasiri a zamaninsa.Har ila yau, shi ne littafin littafin Amis na farko da aka buga bayan ya yi niyyar zama cikakken marubuci a cikin 1980.

## Mutuwa
Amis ya mutu daga ciwon daji na osophageal a gidansa a Florida a ranar 19 ga Mayu 2023. Kamar mahaifinsa, ya mutu yana da shekaru 73. Amis ta kasance mai shan taba ta tsawon rai.An yi wa Amis jaki a cikin karramawar ranar haihuwar Sarki na 2023 don hidima ga wallafe-wallafe, kuma an mayar da jarumin zuwa ranar kafin mutuwarsa.

## Manazarta