open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Aster Fissehatsion

**Aster Fissehatsion** (**Astier Fesehazion**) (an haife ta a shekara ta 1951) tsohuwar mai fafutukar 'yancin 'yan ƙasar Eritrea ce, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata kuma ministar gwamnati wacce aka kama saboda sukar shugaba Afewerki da gwamnati. Amnesty International ta ɗauke ta a matsayin fursunan lamiri. Ita ce tsohuwar matar tsohon mataimakin shugaban ƙasar Eritrea, Mahmoud Ahmed Sherifo.  

A ranar 18 ga watan Satumba, 2001, an tsare ta har abada tare da sauran 'yan siyasar G-15, ƙungiyar manyan jami'an jam'iyya waɗanda suka shahara da wasiƙar zanga-zanga ga Shugaba Afewerki. An tsare ta a wani wuri da ba a sani ba tun daga lokacin. 

## Rayuwar siyasa
Ta shiga ƙungiyar 'Yantar da Jama'ar Eritrea (EPLF) a shekarar 1974 kuma ta zama jagora a gwagwarmayar neman 'yancin kai a Eritrea. Bayan samun 'yancin kai, ta riƙe muƙamai kamar haka: memba a Majalisar Tsakiya ta Ƙungiyar Jama'a na Dimokuraɗiyya da Adalci (jam'iyyar siyasa da ta gaji EPLF); memba a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa; Darakta a Ma'aikatar Aiki da Harkokin Jama'a. 

A shekara ta 1996, an kori Fissehatsion daga aikinta saboda sukar gwamnatin da ke ƙaruwa, amma an sake dawo da ita a shekarar 1999. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2001, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan jami'an jam'iyya 15, wanda daga baya aka sani da G-15, wanda ya buga wata wasika mai kira ga "tabbatar zaman lafiya da dimokuraɗiyya"; kuma ta yi kira ga Shugaba Isaias Afewerki da ya bi gyaran majalisa da tsarin mulki, gudanar da tarurrukan jam'iyya na ciki, da kuma kiyaye alkawuran da PFDJ ta yi game da sake fasalin shari'a.

## Kamawa
An tsare ta har abada a watan Satumbar 2001 saboda kasancewa cikin ƙungiyar G-15, ƙungiyar da ke adawa da mulkin shugaban ƙasar Eritrea Isaias Afewerki.  Amnesty International tana ɗaukarta a matsayin fursunan lamiri.  Tun bayan kama ta, gwamnatoci da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban sun nemi gwamnatin Eritrea ta saki fursunonin da aka kama, wanda ya fi shahara a wani kamfen da Amnesty International ta ƙaddamar a shekarar 2011.  Amnesty International ta ayyana ita da sauran mutanen da aka kama a matsayin fursunan lamiri kuma ta nemi a sake su nan take.  Ita ce kaɗai mace daga cikin 11 da aka tsare kuma daga cikin 15 da suka yi adawa, uku sun gudu daga ƙasar kuma ɗaya ta janye goyon bayanta.

## Manazarta
Nevine Gamea

**Nevine**  ko **Nevin**  **Gamea** ita ce Ministar Masana'antu da Ciniki ta Masar. Ta hau kan muƙamin minista a watan Disamba a shekarar 2019.  Ita ce minista mace ta farko da ta sami wannan muƙamin tun daga ranar 30 ga watan Yuni, 2013. An maye gurbinta da Ahmed Samir Saleh a wani sauye-sauye da aka yi wa majalisar ministoci a watan Agusta a  shekarar 2022.   A lokacin wata hira, lokacin da aka tambaye ta, ta yaya ma'aikatarta ke tallafawa 'yan kasuwa saboda COVID-19, ta ce:

"Tun farkon ɓullar cutar COVID-19, hukumar MSMEDA ta samar da tallafi ga dukkan masu sana’o’in da take ɗaukar nauyi, musamman ma waɗanda annobar ta shafa kai tsaye. Hukumar ta kaddamar da tarin tsare-tsare domin rage radadin da kananan masana’antu da matsakaita (MSMEs) suka fuskanta, ciki har da dakatarwa ko tsawaita lokacin biyan basussukan da ake bin masu sana'o'in da suka fi asara. Haka kuma, MSMEDA ta sauƙaƙa hanyoyin neman izini da samar da masana'antun sabulai da kayayyakin kiwon lafiya a lokacin wannan rikicin."

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Gamea ta yi karatu a Faculty of Commerce a Jami'ar Alkahira. Ta kuma yi aiki a Bankin Ƙasa na Kuwait da Bankin Ƙasa na Cigaba (NBD). 

## Muƙaman da ta riƙe a baya

* Babbar Sakatariyar Asusun Ci Gaban Jama'a (SFD), 2016
* Babbar Jami'ar Hukumar Ci Gaban Ƙananun Kasuwanni, Matsakaita da Ƙananan Kasuwanci, 2017 

## Manazarta
Yasmine Fouad

**Yasmine Salah El-Din Fouad Abdel Aziz** 'yar siyasa ce ta Masar wacce ta kasance sakatariya mai kula da Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya don Yaƙi da Hamada (UNCCD) tun daga shekarar 2025.  A da ta kasance Ministar Muhalli a ma'aikatar Mostafa Madbouly daga shekarun 2018 zuwa 2025.  

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Fouad tana da digirin digirgir a fannin nazarin Turai da Bahar Rum daga Jami'ar Alkahira da kuma digirin digirgir a fannin kimiyyar muhalli daga Jami'ar Ain Shams.

## Aikin siyasa
A lokacin da take minista, Fouad ta jagoranci kwamitin gudanarwa na Shirin Tsarin Haɗin Gwiwa na Yankin Sabon Haɗin gwiwa don Ci gaban Afirka (NEPAD) wanda ya haɗa da gudanar da ƙasa nai ɗorewa, hamada, bambancin halittu da daidaitawa ga sauyin yanayi bisa tsarin halittu. 

Fouad ta jagoranci taron ɓangarorin da suka shiga yarjejeniyar bambancin halittu (2018–2021) da kuma taron sauyin yanayi na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na 2022 a Sharm el-Sheikh (2021–2022).

## Manazarta
Ghigau

**Ghigau** (Cherokee: ᎩᎦᎤ) ko **Abigaue** (Cherokee:ᎠᎩᎦᎤᎡ) lakabi ne mai daraja na Cherokee wanda ke nufin "mace ƙaunatacciyar mace" ko "mace mai yaƙi".  

Lakabin girmamawa ne ga mata waɗanda suka yi tasiri mai yawa a cikin al'ummarsu ko kuma suka nuna babban jarumtaka a fagen daga. Lokacin da aka bai wa mace matsayin Ghigau, domin an ba ta babban girmamawa da nauyi. Matsayin ya canza a al'adar Cherokee, amma ƙungiyar 'yan asalin Cherokee ta Gabas har yanzu tana da Mata Masu Ƙauna a yau.

## Bayani
An bai wa mata na musamman lakabin Ghigau, kuma ana riƙe da lakabin girmamawa da alhaki har abada. Cherokees sun yi imanin cewa Babban Ruhi yakan yi magana ta hanyar Ghigau. Ghigau ta jagoranci Majalisar Mata kuma ta riƙe kujerar zaɓe a Majalisar Sarakuna. An ba ta alhakin fursunoni kuma za ta yanke hukunci kan makomarsu.  

Akwai wasu kalmomi makamantan haka. Misali, kalmar Adageyudi (Cherokee:ᎠᏓᎨᏳᏗ) tana nufin "ƙaunatacce"  ko "ƙaunatacciyar mace".  Wani babban lakabi da zai fi girma shine Chigau (Cherokee: ᏥᎦᎤ) ma'ana "mace da aka ƙaunata ƙwarai". 

## Nancy Ward, Ghigau
Nancy Ward, wacce sunan Cherokee shine Nanyehi, fitacciyar Ghigau ce wadda aka haifa a garin Cherokee na Chota . Ana tsammanin 'yar wata matar Cherokee ce mai suna Tame Doe, daga cikin dangin Wolf . Ɗan'uwan Tame Doe shine Attakullakulla . 

A shekara ta 1755, Cherokee ta yi yaƙi da Muscogee Creek. A lokacin yaƙin, an kashe mijinta na farko na Nanyehi, Kingfisher. Tana da shekaru 18 kacal a lokacin, kuma ta jagoranci yaƙin da aka yi da Creeks cikin nasara. Jarumtaka da jagorancinta sun sa aka ba ta muƙamin Ghigau.  

Nanyehi ta fahimci shirin kai hari kan fararen hular mulkin mallaka a lokacin Yaƙin Juyin Juya Hali ta hanyar Dragging Canoe, ɗan uwanta. Ta yi wa 'yan mulkin mallaka gargaɗi game da yaƙin da ke tafe, wanda ya haifar da gano ta a matsayin mai kishin ƙasa ga Society of the Sons of the American Revolution and the Daughters of the American Revolution .  

A ranar 11 ga Satumba, 1808, a cikin majalisar garin Broom, gwamnatin Cherokee ta soke tsohuwar dokar ɗaukar fansa ta jini. 'Yan Cherokee, waɗanda a da suke ƙarƙashin mulkin ƙabilanci, suna komawa ga tsarin gwamnati na jamhuriya. Babu wani wuri a cikin gwamnatin Cherokee ga Ghigau.  

## Tatsuniyar Seneca
Tatsuniyar Seneca ta yi magana game da Cherokee Ghigau guda biyu da ke yanke hukunci kan makomar wani mutum ɗan Seneca a cikin "Jarumi da kerkeci ke kula da shi". "Daga cikin Cherokees akwai mata biyu waɗanda ake yi wa kallon manyan mata na ƙabila. Kowace mace tana da macizai biyu da aka yi wa zane a leɓunanta -- muƙamuƙin macizai na sama suna kan leɓunan matar, kuma a gaban juna, ƙananan muƙamuƙin a kan leɓunan ƙasa iri ɗaya. Lokacin da matar ta buɗe bakinta, macizai sun yi kama da sun buɗe nasu. Waɗannan mata sun ce, "Wannan ita ce hanyar azabtar da shi; a ɗaure shi kusa da wuta a ƙone tafin ƙafafunsa har sai sun yi kuraje, sannan a bar ruwan ya fita daga ƙurajen, a saka ƙwayoyin masara a cikin fata, sannan a bi shi da sanduna har ya mutu." [1]

## Manazarta
Babbar Mace ta Duniya

**Babbar Mace ta Duniya** mace ce 'yar Ojibwa ta ƙarni na sha tara kuma muhimmiyar mace ce a tarihin Ojibwa.  Ta yi iƙirarin cewa ta sami ikon allahntaka daga mafarki, kuma saboda wannan dalili, ta raka mazan a kan hanyar yaƙi.  Yayin da wasu jaruman mata na Ojibwa suka amsa buƙatunsu, Babbar Mace ta Duniya ta zaɓi ta zama jarumi, ta shiga yaƙi da Sioux.  Mafarkinta ya ba wa jaruman Ojibwa abokan aikinta kariya, kuma ya jagorance su ta hanyar yaƙin.  Ta shaida wa shugaban cewa mafarkanta sun annabta motsin Sioux, suna taimaka wa Ojibwa a yaƙi.  A yaƙin, ta yi nasarar kashe abokin gaba, ta sami lambar yabo ta gargajiya.  Binciken Ruth Landes a shekarun 1930 ya bayyana Babbar Mace ta Duniya a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata kaɗan da suka jagoranci ƙungiyar yaƙi kuma suka sami girmamawa ta namiji,  kuma daga baya binciken da Colleen Sheryl McIvor ta yi ya sanya Babbar Mace ta Duniya a cikin al'adar Anishinaabe Ogichidaakwe, ko kuma jarumar mace. 

An haife ta a kusan shekarar 1878 kusa da Waterloo, Ohio a matsayin Birtha Snyder, Snider ko Snidow. Ta auri wani mutum mai suna "White Owl" a shekarar 1893, kuma tana yawan yin tafiya daga Ohio zuwa Michigan. Tana zaune a wani wuri mai suna " Old Man's Cave " yayin da take Ohio. [ ana buƙatar ambato ]

Labarin Babbar Duniya ana danganta shi da labaran Lozen da Running Eagle . 

## Manazarta
Pholile Shakantu

**Pholile Dlamini Shakantu** 'yar siyasa ce ta Liswati. Ta kasance Ministar Shari'a daga shekarun 2018 da kuma Ministar Harkokin Waje daga shekarar 2023.

## Rayuwa
Shakantu ta yi karatun lauya a Jami'ar Eswatini kuma tana da digiri a fannin lauya. Tana kuma da digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar Leeds Beckett a fannin Jagoranci da Gudanar da Sauyi. 

Sarki Mswati na III ne ya naɗa ta a matsayin Ministar Shari'a a shekarar 2018. 

Sarki ya naɗa ta a matsayin sanata a ranar 5 ga watan Nuwamba, 2023 bayan naɗa Russell Dlamini a matsayin Firayim Minista na 12 don ba wa sarki shawara game da sabbin ministoci.  An yi niyyar samun kimanin sanatoci talatin a Eswatini kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin ashirin da Sarki ya naɗa.  Daga baya a ranar 13 ga watan Nuwamba aka naɗa ta Ministar Harkokin Waje. 

A shekarar 2024, Shakantu ta ziyarci Jamhuriyar China (Taiwan) kuma Shugaba Tsai Ing-wen da Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa Lai Ching-te sun tarbi Shakantu a matsayin abokiyar kawance. Eswatini ita ce ƙasa daya tilo da ta rage a Afirka da ta amince da Jamhuriyar China. Tsai ta gode wa Shakuntu saboda goyon bayan da ƙasar ta ta bayar, ciki har da yin magana a Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya.    Shakuntu da Ministan Harkokin Wajen Taiwan Joseph Wu sun sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya da ke tabbatar da dangantakar da ke tsakanin ƙasashen biyu.  Fiye da shekaru 25, ana kiyasta cewa taimakon da Taiwan ta bai wa Eswatini ya kai dala biliyan biyu. 

Gwamnatin Taiwan ta fara nata dandalin dijital TaiwanPlus a cikin shekarar 2021. Mataimakin Ministan Digital Yeh Ning ne ya nuna Shakuntu TaiwanPlus, kuma sun tattauna yadda zai iya taimakawa haɗin gwiwa da kuma magance ƙaryar bayanai.

Shakuntu ita ce ta kafa  kuma mai kula da ƙungiyar mata ta Eswatini. 

## Suka
Sukar da aka wallafa a Afirka ta Kudu ta yi zargin cewa Sarki, Shakuntu da mijinta suna da hannu a cin hanci da rashawa. 

## Manazarta
Cuhtahlatah

**Cuhtahlatah** ( Cherokee : Gatûñ'lätï [1] ) mace ce 'yar Cherokee wacce ta rayu a lokacin Yaƙin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka . Sunanta yana nufin " wiwi na daji". Lokacin da aka kashe mijinta a yaƙi, ta kama tomahawk ɗinsa ta kai hari ga abokan gaba, tana ihu "Kashe! Kashe!". Mutanenta suna cikin ja da baya, amma ayyukanta sun zaburar da su su yi taro kuma sun sami nasara a yaƙin. [2] ) An ba da labarinta a cikin rubutun Wahnenauhi na 1889. [3]

## Duba kuma

* Tatsuniyar Cherokee

## Ƙarin karatu

* 

## Manazarta
Ines Abdel-Dayem

**Ines Abdel-Dayem** ƙwararriyar mai busa sarewa ce ta ƙasar Masar, tsohuwar Shugabar Gidan Wasan Opera na Alkahira kuma tsohuwar Ministar Al'adu ta Masar (2018–2022).

## Tarihi
Ines Abdel-Dayem ta yi karatu a sashen sarewa na Conservatoire na Cairo inda ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1984. A shekarar 1990, ta sami takardar shaidar aiki daga École Normale de Musique de Paris. 

A shekara ta 2003, an naɗa Abdel-Dayem a matsayin darektar ƙungiyar makaɗa ta Cairo Symphony Orchestra. A shekara ta 2005, ta zama shugabar ƙungiyar makaɗa ta Cairo Conservatoire, kuma jim kaɗan bayan ta zama mataimakiyar shugaban Kwalejin Fasaha. 

A watan Fabrairun 2012, Ines Abdel-Dayem ta zama shugabar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Cairo Opera House. A watan Mayun 2013, ta rasa wannan matsayi bayan da 'Yan'uwa Musulmi suka hau mulki a ƙasar, amma an mayar da ita kan mulki jim kaɗan bayan haka a watan Yulin 2013.  Duk da haka, ta ƙi tayin zama Ministar Al'adu ta ƙasar.  

A watan Janairun 2018, an naɗa ta Ministar Al'adu ta Masar.  Ita ce ministar Masar ta biyu da ta fito daga wani fanni na fasaha. A watan Maris a shekarar 2018, ta naɗa Mohamed Hefzy a matsayin Shugaban Bikin Fina-finai na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Alkahira na shekara-shekara.

## Kyaututtuka

* 2018: Kyautar Kiɗan Jazz ta Jamus 
* 2001: Kyautar Ƙasa ta Masar a fannin Fasaha 
* 1982:
** Kyautar ta 1 a Fédération Nationale des Unions des Conservatoires Municipaux 
** Kyauta ta 1st a Concours Général de Musique et d'Art Dramatique 

## Shafuka masu alaƙa

* Gidan Opera na Alkahira

## Manazarta
Dumebi Agbakoba

### Rashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarfin Ƙarƙasa
An haifi Dumebi Agbakoba a shekarar 1983 a Legas. [1] Dumebi ta girma ne a Legas, Najeriya, kuma ta halarci Makarantar Rye St Anthony, Oxford, London. A shekarar 2008, ta koma Landan inda ta fara aikinta a matsayin mai tsara kayan kwalliya kuma ta yi aiki a wani gidan buga mujallu. [2] Ita 'yar jarida ce, shugaba, mai tattara kayan fasaha, kuma mai sukar fasaha.

### Abin da ke faruwa
Nawal El Tatawy

**Nawal El Tatawy** (an haife ta a ranar 14 ga watan Satumba, 1942) ƙwararriyar masaniyar tattalin arziki ce ta ƙasar Masar wacce ta kasance ministar tattalin arziki da cinikayyar ƙasashen waje daga ranar 2 ga watan Janairu, 1996 zuwa ranar 8 ga watan Yuli, 1997. Ta yi aiki a cibiyoyi daban-daban a fannoni daban-daban, ciki har da Bankin Ƙasa na Masar da Bankin Duniya.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi El Tatawy a birnin Alkahira a ranar 14 ga watan Satumba, 1942.  Mahaifinta, Abdel Moneim El Tatawy, ƙwararren masani ne a fannin rediyo.  Ta kammala karatunta daga Kwalejin 'Yan Mata ta Amurka da ke Alkahira kuma ta sami digiri a fannin tattalin arziki da kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Amurka ta Alkahira.  Ta sami digirinta na biyu da digirin digirgir a fannin tattalin arziki daga Jami'ar Wisconsin–Madison.  Takardar digirinta na uku mai taken *Patterns of specialization and trade in productions: A study of selected Southeast Asian countries* which she came a 1969.

## Aiki
Bayan kammala karatunta, El Tatawy ta yi aiki a Bankin Ƙasa na Masar na tsawon shekara ɗaya tsakanin shekarun 1970 da 1971.  Ta yi aiki a Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da ke New York daga shekarun 1973 zuwa 1974.  Sannan ta shiga Bankin Duniya da ke New York a shekarar 1975 inda ta yi aiki har zuwa shekara ta 1979 lokacin da aka naɗa ta babbar manaja na sashen saka hannun jari na Bankin Zuba Jari na Larabawa.   A ranar 2 ga watan Janairu 1996 aka naɗa ta ministar tattalin arziki da cinikayyar ƙasashen waje, kuma wa'adinta ya kai har zuwa ranar 8 ga watan Yuli 1997.

## Rayuwa da aiki
Tare da ɗa daga auren da ta yi a baya, El Tatawy ta auri Mohamed Kassem wanda ta sake aure.

Ita ce marubuciyar littattafai daban-daban.  Ɗaya daga cikinsu shine *Yugoslavia: Gudanarwa da Gudanar da Kai da ƙalubalen ci gaba, rahoton wani aiki da Bankin Duniya ya aika zuwa Yugoslavia* wanda ta rubuta tare da Martin Schrenk da Cyrus Ardalan.  Johns Hopkins University Press ne ya buga littafin a shekarar 1979. 

## Manazarta
Tsohuwar Uwargidan Gwagwarmayan-Maƙiya

**Tsohuwar Mace-Makiya** mace ce 'yar Pawnee wadda ta sami sunanta a ƙarni na 19 saboda shahararriyar tsaron da ta yi wa ƙauyen Pahaku a kan masu kai hari.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An fi sanin Grieves-The-Enemy a tsakanin Pawnee saboda tsaron ƙauyen Pahaku, wanda Ponca da Sioux suka kai hari da ƙarfi mai yawa har mutanen ƙauyen suka yi murabus suka ɓuya. Duk da haka, Grieves-The-Enemy, wacce a lokacin ta haura shekaru hamsin, ta kai hari ga mutanen da suka kai harin a fili da sandar yaƙi ta kuma kashe ɗaya daga cikin 'yan ƙabilar Ponca. Ayyukanta sun sa mutanen ƙauyen su ɗauki mataki, kuma aka mayar da martani ga harin. [1] [2]

## Manazarta
Lamiez Holworthy

Lamiez Mischa Miriam Holworthy-Morule (née Holworthy; An haife ta 12 Yuni 1992), [1] 'yar Afirka ta Kudu ce DJ, mai gabatar da talabijin, mai gabatarwar rediyo, mai shirya rikodin, 'yar kasuwa kuma mai ba da agaji. An fi saninta da karbar bakuncin wasan kwaikwayo na SABC 1, Live AMP .

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Holworthy a ranar 12 ga Launi 1992 a Eersterust don yin rikodin mai gabatarwa Chicco Twala da Imelda Klow . Lokacin da take 'yar shekara 11 mahaifiyarta ta auri Enver Holworthy wanda ya karbe ta kuma ya ba ta sunansa. Ta fito ne daga asalin Indiya ta Kudu, Coloured, da kuma al'adun Tsonga.

Ta girma a Laudium kuma ta halarci Andrew Anthony Primary, sannan, Sunnyside Primary sannan daga baya, Kwaggasrand Primary .  Ta kuma halarci Pro Arte Alphen Park daga aji 8 zuwa 9. A shekara ta 2009, ta yi karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Laudium, sannan ta ci gaba da karatun kafofin watsa labarai a Boston Media House a shekara ta 2012. 

## Ayyuka
Lamiez ta fara aikinta a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo na diski na ƙarƙashin ƙasa yayin da take koyo da kuma ƙwarewa a fannin haɗa abubuwa a shekarar 2010. Ta fara aikinta a makarantar sakandare ta hanyar gabatar da wani shiri mai suna *KMTV* a Soweto TV kuma daga baya ta zama mai masaukin baki a shirin salon rayuwar Afirka ta Kudu *mai suna Living The Dream* wanda aka watsa a Tshwane TV.  Ta bayyana cewa ta kusa barin masana'antar nishaɗi bayan hatsarin da ya faru a lokacin gwajinta inda aka lalata motarta, kuma aka sace kayan aikinta na deejay. Bayan shekaru bakwai, ta sami babban rawar da ta taka a shirin SABC 1 's *Live Amp* . 

In October 2021, she was honoured at the South African Heroines Awards for her philanthropic work.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Ta sadu da rapper Khuli Chana a watan Agustan 2018 kuma ma'auratan sun yi aure a watan Nuwamba 2019.  Sun yi maraba da ɗansu na farko Leano-Laone Zion Morule a ranar 9 ga Maris 2023.

## Lambobin yabo da nadin mukamai

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Mouna Osman Aden

**Mouna Osman Aden** 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Djibouti, Ministar Mata da Iyali ta ƙasar Djibouti tun daga shekarar 2021. Ta taɓa yin aiki a matsayin Ministar Harkokin Jama'a da Haɗin Kai tsakanin shekarun 2019 da 2021. Ta taɓa tsara shirye-shiryen gwamnati game da zazzaɓin cizon sauro da tarin fuka kuma ta kasance mai ba da shawara kan fasaha ga Ministan Lafiya kan cutar kanjamau, zazzaɓin cizon sauro da tarin fuka.

## Farkon aiki
Aden ta fara aiki a Ma'aikatar Lafiya a shekarar 2000 a matsayin mai kula da Shirin Kula da Zazzaɓin Maleriya na Ƙasa, kuma daga shekarar 2005, ta kasance cikin Shirin Yaɗa Allurar Rigakafi na tsawon shekara ɗaya har zuwa shekara ta 2006, lokacin da aka naɗa ta darakta a Cibiyar Yaƙi da Tarin Fuka har zuwa shekara ta 2009. 

Shekaru biyar bayan haka, Aden ta yi aiki a matsayin babbar sakatariya a Kwamitin Ma'aikatar Lafiya na Yaƙi da HIV/AIDS, zazzaɓin cizon sauro da tarin fuka, sannan kuma ta zama mai ba da shawara kan fasaha ga Ministan Lafiya kan waɗannan cututtuka. Daga baya Aden ta yi aiki a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Jama'a, inda ta ƙirƙiro dabarun ƙasa na hangen nesa a shekarar 2035. 

Ta fara shiga gwamnatin Shugaba Gulleh a shekarar 2016 lokacin da aka naɗa ta a matsayin Sakatariyar Harkokin Waje ta Harkokin Jama'a. Ta aiwatar da shirye-shirye don yaƙi da talauci, shirin inshorar lafiya kyauta (PASS), shirye-shirye don samar da damar samun ayyukan zamantakewa na asali, da kuma dabarun kare zamantakewa na ƙasa a shekarar 2018-2022, waɗanda manufofinsu suka yi daidai da Manufofin Ci Gaba Mai Ɗorewa  na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Wannan dabarar ta ƙunshi gyaran dokoki don tsara tattalin arzikin zamantakewa da haɗin kai, aiwatar da shirye-shiryen taimako ga gidaje marasa galihu, da kuma sauƙin samun ƙananan kuɗaɗen shiga da ingantawa ga ƙungiyoyin naƙasassu da tsofaffi. 

## Aikin siyasa
A wani sabon sauyi da aka yi wa majalisar ministoci, an naɗa Aden a matsayin Ministar Harkokin Jama'a da Haɗin Kai a ranar 5 ga watan Mayu 2019, wata sabuwar ma'aikatar da aka ƙirƙiro.  

A lokacin da take kan mulki, Aden ta jagoranci wani sabon dabarun kare al'umma, wanda aka kafa a matsayin wani muhimmin hakki a ƙasar, wato yaki da annobar COVID-19, sannan ta ƙirƙiri rajistar zamantakewa ta farko ta ƙasa don gano da kuma tallafawa masu cin gajiyar shirye-shiryen zamantakewa. Ta kuma tsara Makon Ayyukan Jin Daɗin Jama'a na Ƙasa tare da faɗaɗa shirye-shiryen taimakon jama'a, musamman a yankunan karkara.  

An naɗa ta Ministar Mata da Iyali a ranar 24 ga watan Mayu 2021 kuma aka rantsar da ita washegari.  Ta tsara hanyoyin yaƙi da yi wa mata kaciya. 

A watan Afrilun 2025 ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Tarayyar Afirka kan Kawar da Cin Zarafin Mata da 'Yan Mata. 

## Manazarta
Hasna Barkat Daoud

**Hasna Barkat Daoud** lauya ce 'yar ƙasar Djibouti kuma tsohuwar ministar gwamnati.

## Aiki
Hasna Barkat Daoud ta kasance Ministar Matasa, Wasanni da Yawon Buɗe Ido tun akalla a shekarar 2010 a ƙarƙashin Shugaba Ismaïl Omar Guelleh.   A wannan matsayin ta wakilci Djibouti a taron kwamitin zartarwa na Greater Horizon Forum na watan Mayu a shekarar 2010, wanda ya tattauna rawar da matasa, kafofin watsa labarai da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ke takawa a yankin.  Daoud ta kasance Ministar Mata da Tsare-tsaren Iyali kuma a lokaci guda ta kasance Ministar Hulɗa da Majalisa tun akalla a shekara ta 2012.  A cikin rawar da ta taka wajen tsara iyali, ta ɗauki nauyin wani taron Hukumar Tattalin Arziki ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan Afirka kan kawar da kaciyar mata a watan Fabrairu a 2014, wani lamari da ke kusa da zuciyar uwargidan shugaban ƙasa Kadra Mahamoud Haid.  Daoud ta kaddamar da taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan Ci Gaban Mata da Zaman Lafiya a ranar 25 ga watan Oktoba 2015 a Djibouti. A wannan taron ta jaddada rawar da mata ke takawa wajen samar da zaman lafiya, haɗewar yanki da kuma ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki.  Daoud ta halarci taron kasa da kasa na 18 kan cutar kanjamau da cututtukan da suka shafi jima'i a Afirka a Harare, Zimbabwe a watan Disamba a shekarar 2015. 

Daoud ta ajiye muƙaminta na minista a ranar 15 ga watan Mayu, 2016.  Yanzu tana aiki a matsayin lauya a babban birnin ƙasar. 

## Manazarta
Kuilix

**Kuilix** (ma'ana "Riga Ja" ko "Ja Daya"), wanda aka fi sani da **Kuiliy**, **Mary Quille**, da **Marie Quilax**, mace ce 'yar Kalispel ko Pend d'Oreilles a Montana . Ita ce shugabar ƙungiyar mayaƙa waɗanda suka ceci sauran mayaƙa yayin da suke yaƙi da Blackfeet a 1842.

Fada Nicholas Point, wani firist na Jesuit wanda ya shaida yaƙin, ya rubuta:

Kuilix ya kuma shiga yaƙi da ƙabilar Crow a shekarar 1846. Father Point ya kuma bayyana wannan lamari:

Mata na Pend d'Oreille da kuma ƙabilar Flathead mai alaƙa da su a al'ada suna taka rawa sosai a yaƙi, suna shiga yaƙi akai-akai. Sun kuma shiga raye-rayen al'ada sanye da kayan mayaka.

## Duba kuma

* Kaúxuma Núpika

## Manazarta

* Will Roscoe. Kuilix, Pend d'Oreille Warrior Woman , daga *Canjin Masu Canji: Na Uku da Na Hudu Jinsi a Arewacin Amirka ta 'Yan Asalin Amirka*, Palgrave/St. Martin's Press, 1998
Tunawa da Tushen Gida, Nauyi da Makomarsa

**The Foundation Remembrance, Responsibility and Future (**Jamusanci: Stiftung Erinnerung, Verantwortung und Zukunft; acronym EVZ), ita ce ta Jamus da jagorancin samar da diyya ta kudi "ga ma'aikatan da aka tilasta da wadanda wasu rashin adalci suka shafa daga lokacin National Socialist".

A cikin 2025, an ayyana tushe a matsayin Ƙungiya mara kyau a Rasha.

## Tarihi

A cikin yakin duniya na biyu an tura ma'aikatan farar hula miliyan 8.4 daga ko'ina cikin Turai kuma an tura fursunonin yaki miliyan 4.5 a matsayin bayi da Ma'aikatan tilas a Sansanin Nazi, sansanonin aiki ko wasu wuraren tsare-tsare don masana'antu, noma ko dalilai na gudanarwa na jama'a.

## Gidauniyar

### Biyan kuɗi
An kafa tushe a watan Agustan shekara ta 2000 bayan shekaru da yawa na tattaunawar kasa da kasa inda Otto Graf Lambsdorff ya wakilci gwamnatin Jamus. Babban birnin Gidauniyar na DEM biliyan 10.1 (Yuro biliyan 5.2) kamfanonin Jamus 6,500 ne suka ba da shi daidai ga Cibiyar Masana'antu ta Jamus da Gwamnatin Tarayyar Jamus.

An biya diyya ne tare da hadin gwiwar kungiyoyin abokan hulɗa na duniya a cikin ƙasashe masu dacewa ko wakiltar kungiyoyin duniya.

Kwamitin Amintattu ne ke kula da Gidauniyar, wanda ya ƙunshi mambobi 27 daga ƙasashe daban-daban. Tsakanin 2001 da 2007, jimillar kuɗin Euro biliyan 4.4 an biya ga mutane sama da miliyan 1.66 a kusan ƙasashe 100.

Biyan kuɗi na mutum ya dogara da ka'idoji daban-daban kamar su

* nau'in tsare-tsare da yanayinsa
* nau'in aikin tilas
* fitar da shi da karfi

Fursunoni na sansanin fursunoni, ghetto ko waɗanda ke cikin irin wannan yanayin sun sami diyya har zuwa Yuro 7,670.

Mutanen da aka kore su da karfi zuwa Jamus ko ƙasashen da Jamus ta mamaye kuma suna zaune a tsare ko irin waɗannan yanayi sun sami diyya har zuwa Yuro 2,560. Mutanen da suka yi aiki a aikin gona sun sami har zuwa Yuro 2,500.

### Makomar aikin
Yuro miliyan 358 na babban birnin Gidauniyar an ware shi ga tushe mai ba da tallafi don samar da kudaden aikin tare da adadin shekara-shekara na Yuro miliyan 8. Ana amfani da wannan da farko don tallafawa shirye-shiryen kasa da kasa da ayyukan a

* Binciken tarihi mai mahimmanci,
* Yin aiki don haƙƙin ɗan adam, da
* Alkawari ga wadanda ke fama da mulkin Socialism na kasa.

Ya zuwa watan Janairun 2008 Gidauniyar ta kashe Yuro miliyan 34.3 kuma ta goyi bayan ayyukan 1,300 a duk duniya tun lokacin da aka kafa ta kamar "Train of Remembrance", wani aiki don tunawa da rawar da layin dogo na Jamus ke takawa a cikin Holocaust  da kuma shirin Leo Baeck don tada "sanin al'adun al'adu da al'adun addinin Yahudanci na Jamusanci a makarantu da jami'o'i".

## Abinda ke da alaƙa
Ba za a iya neman diyyar da za a bai wa Jamusawa da aka yi amfani da su a matsayin aikin dole ba bayan yaƙin a Jamus, amma an cire yiwuwar hakan ta hanyar dokar takaitawa tun daga ranar 29 ga Satumba, 1978.

. 

## Dubi kuma

* *Wiedergutmachung*
* Asusun Mata na Asiya
* Rudy Kennedy

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Sahar Nasr

**Sahar Nasr** (an haife ta a shekarar 1964) 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Masar wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Zuba Jari da Haɗin Kan Ƙasashen Duniya (2015–2019). 

## Ilimi da aiki
An haife ta a shekarar 1964, Nasr ta kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Amurka a shekarar 1985 da digiri a fannin tattalin arziki da lissafi, kuma a shekarar 1990 ta sami digiri na biyu. A tsakanin shekarun 1993 zuwa 1995, ta yi aiki a Cibiyar Kasuwanci ta Amurka ta Masar. A tsakanin shekarun 1995 zuwa 1996, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan aikin sayar da kadarorin kamfanin Arthur Andersen. Ta sami digirin digirgir a Sashen Tattalin Arziki da Kimiyyar Siyasa, Jami'ar Alkahira a watan Nuwamba a shekarar 2002, don zama farfesa a Jami'ar Amurka tun daga lokacin.  A tsakanin shekarun 2002 zuwa 2011, ta yi aiki a matsayin Farfesa Mataimakiyar Farfesa, Sashen Tattalin Arziki, Jami'ar Amurka da ta Burtaniya a Masar. A tsakanin shekarun 1996 zuwa 2014, ta zama babbar ƙwararriya, babbar masaniyar tattalin arziki, mai tsarawa, darekta na yanki na Asusun Bankin Duniya.  

A tsakanin shekarun 2015–2019, ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Zuba Jari da Haɗin Kan Ƙasashen Duniya na Jamhuriyar Larabawa ta Masar.   A shekarar 2021, ta zama farfesa a Jami'ar Al-Yamamah, Saudiyya. Ta kuma zama memba na kwamitin gudanarwa a "Gidan Zakka da Sadaka na Masar" a shekarar 2021 da kuma Helios Fairfax Partners a shekarar 2022.

## Manazarta
Gouyen

**Gouyen** (a cikin Mescalero ***Góyą́ń***, "wanda yake da hikima") (c. 1857 - 1903), mace ce ta Apache a ƙarni na 19 da aka san ta da jarumtaka.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi *Góyą́ń* (Gouyen) a kusan shekarar 1857 cikin ƙungiyar Chif Victorio 's Warm Springs Apache ko *Chihenne* ta Chiricahua Apache, 'yar'uwar tsohon shugaban Kastzidzen, mai suna Nana.  Ta yi aure tun tana ƙarama.

## Raba da Comanche
An kashe mijin Gouyen na farko a wani hari da aka kai a Comanche a shekarun 1870. Ta ɗauki matakai na jarumtaka don ɗaukar fansar mutuwarsa, waɗanda suka zama abin tarihi a tarihin baka na Apache.   Ta bi sawun shugaban Comanche wanda ya yi wa mijinta tiyatar cire kai . A can ta sami shugaban yana kallon rawar nasara a kusa da wuta, kuma yana sanye da kan mijinta daga bel ɗinsa.

Gouyen ta saka rigar bikin balaga ta buckskin sannan ta shiga cikin da'irar masu rawa. Ta yaudari shugaban da ya bugu ya tafi tare da ita zuwa wani wuri da ba kowa. Bayan gwagwarmaya, ta daba wa Comanche wuka har lahira, ta yanke masa fatar kai, sannan ta ɗauki rigarsa mai siffar bead da moccasins . Ta saci doki, Gouyen ta hau doki ta koma sansaninta. Ta miƙa wa surukanta fatar kan shugaban Comanche da tufafinsa a matsayin shaidar ɗaukar fansar da ta yi. 

## Yaƙin Tres Castillos
Gouyen memba ne na ƙungiyar Victorio - wacce ta saba yaƙi da mutanen Apache, da mijinta, Kaytennae - kuma tana tare da babban shugaban Tchihende har ma a kwanakin ƙarshe na tserewa ko yaƙi da sojojin Amurka da Mexico a kan iyakar Amurka da Mexico. Yayin da jaruman ke tsaye don yaƙi da sojojin dawakin Amurka a gefen Amurka na Rio Grande, Lozen (mace jaruma, ƙanwar babban sarki Victorio) ta jagoranci mata da yara zuwa gefen kogin Mexico, sannan ta bar Gouyen, wacce ta riga ta kasance ƙwararren mayaƙi kuma ƙaramin mai taimaka wa Lozen, wanda ke kula da su don komawa yaƙin, tana ba ta umarnin jagorantar waɗanda ba mayaƙa ba zuwa wuri mai aminci. A ranar 14 ga Oktoba, 1880, ƙungiyar tana hutawa a Tres Castillos, Mexico - yayin da tsohuwar Nana ke kan hanyar ɗaukar harsasai kuma Lozen tana raka wata ƙaramar uwa da 'ya'yanta zuwa wurin ajiyar Mescalero - lokacin da sojojin Mexico suka kewaye su suka kai musu hari.  An kashe Victorio da wasu Apache 77 da harsashi, kuma an kama da dama daga cikinsu. Apache 17 ne kawai suka tsere, ciki har da Gouyen da ƙaramin ɗanta *Kaywaykla* .  An ce an kashe jaririyarta a harin.

## Rayuwa daga baya
Gouyen ya sake aure a karo na biyu, ga wani jarumin Apache mai suna *Kaytennae* . Ya kuma tsere a lokacin Yaƙin Tres Castillos,  ya sake haɗa ƙaramin rukunin waɗanda suka tsira tare da dawowar ƙungiyar Nana en Lozen. Bayan haka, *Kaytennae* memba ne na ƙungiyar Nana da Geronimo a farkon shekarun 1880. Shi da Gouyen sun tsere tare da Geronimo daga San Carlos Reservation a 1883. 

A lokacin da suke ƙoƙarin gujewa kamawa, Gouyen ya ceci rayuwar Kaytennae ta hanyar kashe wani mutum da ke ƙoƙarin yi masa kwanton bauna. [1] A shekara ta 1886, Sojojin Amurka sun kama Gouyen da iyalinta a fursuna, tare da wasu a cikin ƙungiyar Geronimo. An tsare su a matsayin fursunonin yaƙi a Fort Sill, Oklahoma, inda ta mutu a shekara ta 1903. [2]

## Manazarta
Rachel Wood (masanin ilimin ƙasa)

Rachel Wood FRS masanin ilimin halittu ne, masanin ilimin ƙasa kuma Farfesa na Carbonate Geoscience a Jami'ar Edinburgh School of GeoSciences . Binciken ta ya shafi canjin Ediacaran-Cambrian, asalin Biomineralisation, juyin halitta na tsarin reef, da samar da carbonate ta hanyar lokaci. Ita ce marubucin Reef Evolution wanda Oxford University Press ta buga (1999). A cikin 2020, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Lyell na Geological Society of London, kuma a cikin 2022 an zabe ta Fellow na Royal Society .

## Rayuwa
Rachel Wood masanin ilimin halittu ne, masanin ilimin ƙasa kuma Farfesa a fannin kimiyyar carbonate a Jami'ar Edinburgh School of GeoSciences .  Ta sami digiri na farko na Kimiyya tare da girmamawa a cikin ilimin ƙasa da ilimin dabbobi a Jami'ar Bristol, sannan kuma ta sami digiri na biyu a Jami'a ta Open . 

Binciken ta ya shafi canjin Ediacaran-Cambrian, asalin Biomineralisation, juyin halitta na tsarin reef, da samar da carbonate ta hanyar lokaci. Ita ce marubucin Reef Evolution, wanda Oxford University Press ta buga a 1999. Wood ya bincika burbushin Ediacaran a Siberia da Namibia.

Wood mataimakiyar edita ce ta mujallar Science Advances . [1] An ba da itacen lambar yabo ta Johannes Walther na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun A cikin 2018. A cikin 2020, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Lyell na Geological Society of London, kuma a cikin 2022 an zabe ta Fellow na Royal Society. [2][3] Ta kuma zama memba mai ba da labari na Kwalejin Kimiyya da Humanities ta Göttingen a 2022, kuma ita ce mai ba da izini ga Namibia a Scotland.[2]

## Manazarta
Xiaodong Zhang

**Xiaodong Zhang** FRS Farfesa ne na Tsarin Macromolecular da Ayyuka a Kwalejin Imperial ta London .  

## Ilimi
Zhang ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Peking da Jami'ar Stony Brook inda aka ba ta PhD a 1995 a kan X-ray microscopy  wanda Janos Kirz da David Sayre ke kula da shi. 

Bayan matsayi na bincike na postdoctoral a Jami'ar Harvard tare da Don Wiley ta koma Asusun Binciken Ciwon daji na Imperial a shekarar 1997. [1] An nada ta a matsayin malami a Kwalejin Imperial ta London a shekara ta 2001, Mai karatu a shekara ta 2005 kuma Farfesa a shekara ta 2008. [1]

Binciken Zhang yana binciken ilmin halitta, fassarar, Gyara DNA da sunadarai na AAA, musamman ATPases.

### Kyaututtuka da girmamawa
An ba Zhang lambar yabo ta EMBO a shekarar 2016  kuma an zabe shi Fellow na Royal Society (FRS) a shekarar 2024. 

## Manazarta
Julia Yeomans

**Julia Mary Yeomans** OBE FRS masanin kimiyyar lissafi ne na Burtaniya mai aiki a fannonin kwayoyin halitta masu laushi da kimiyyar halitta. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Farfesa a fannin kimiyyar lissafi a Jami'ar Oxford tun shekara ta 2002.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Yeomans ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Oxford inda ta kasance dalibi na farko a Kwalejin Somerville, Oxford, don BA da ɗaliban digiri na biyu a Kwaleji ta Wolfson, Oxford .  An ba ta digiri na Doctor of Philosophy a fannin kimiyyar lissafi a shekarar 1979.  inda Robin Stinchcombe ya kula da bincikenta na digiri a kan muhimman abubuwan da suka faru a cikin samfuran juyawa.

## Bincike da aiki
Bayan shekaru biyu na aiki a matsayin Mai bincike na postdoctoral a Jami'ar Cornell tare da Michael E. Fisher, an nada ta a matsayin malami a Sashen Physics a Jami'an Southampton a 1981. A shekara ta 1983, ta koma Jami'ar Oxford inda ta zama farfesa a shekara ta 2002.

Yeomans farfesa ne a cibiyar Rudolf Peierls don ilimin lissafi. Binciken ta yana bincika ƙirar ka'idoji game da matakai a cikin ruwa mai rikitarwa ciki har da lu'ulu'u na ruwa, saukowa a kan wuraren hydrophobic, microchannels, da kuma ƙwayoyin cuta.

An gabatar da binciken Yeomans ga matasa da masu sauraro a cikin Nature's Raincoats: Kimiyya ta Bio-inspired a baje kolin kimiyyar bazara na Royal Society a shekara ta 2009. 

### Daraja da kyaututtuka
A cikin shekara ta 2012, an ba Yeomans kyautar tallafin bincike na Cibiyar Nazarin Turai don shawararta ta bincike *Microflow a cikin yanayi mai rikitarwa*. A shekara ta 2024 an ba ta tallafi na biyu mai zurfi "Yin amfani da daidaituwa tsakanin Matsalar Aiki da Mechanobiology".

An zabe ta Fellow na Royal Society (FRS) a shekarar 2013, inda aka zaba ta: 

A cikin 2021 ta sami lambar yabo ta Sam Edwards da Kyautar daga Cibiyar Kimiyya, saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga abubuwa masu taushi da masu aiki, kimiyyar lissafi da kimiyyar halittu.[1] A shekara ta 2024 an ba ta lambar yabo ta Liquid Matter daga European Physical Society . [2]

An nada Yeomans a matsayin Jami'in Order of the British Empire (OBE) a cikin Girmamawar Sabuwar Shekara ta 2024 don hidimomi ga kimiyyar lissafi.

A cikin 2025, an ba Yeomans lambar yabo ta Dirac da Kyautar daga Cibiyar Kimiyya.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Yeomans ta auri farfesa a fannin ilmin sunadarai Peter Hore a shekarar 1990.

## Manazarta
Suzanne Berne

**Suzanne Berne** (an haife ta a ranar 17 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1961, a Washington, DC) marubuciya ce ta Amurka da aka sani da karatun halayenta da ya shafi wasan kwaikwayo na cikin gida da na tunanin mutum ba zato ba tsammani a cikin saitunan birni. Littafin farko na Berne, A Crime in the Neighborhood, ya lashe kyautar Orange ta 1999 don Fiction.

## Rayuwa
Berne ta halarci makarantar Georgetown Day School. Ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Wesleyan da kuma Iowa Writers' Workshop, kuma ta sami Kyautar Kasa don Kwarewar Fasaha. Berne ta koyar a Jami'ar Harvard da Kwalejin Wellesley . [1] Ita farfesa ce ta Turanci a Kwalejin Boston . [2]

Berne a halin yanzu tana zaune a Boston tare da mijinta da 'ya'ya mata biyu.

## Ayyuka
Littafin farko na Berne, A Crime in the Neighborhood, ya lashe Kyautar Orange .  Littafin, wanda aka kafa a shekara ta 1972, an fada shi ta hanyar idanun Marsha mai shekaru goma, kuma ya ba da labarin kisan wani saurayi a wani yanki mai nutsuwa na Washington, DC, a kan yanayin abin kunya na Watergate.

Ghost at the Table yana bincika yankin da ke tsakanin 'yan'uwa mata biyu daban-daban na tarihin da suka raba.

A Perfect Arrangement yana ba da labari game da rikitarwa da kuma karuwar damuwa tsakanin dangi na yau da kullun da kuma cikakkiyar mai kula da su.

## Ayyuka

* *Mata, Maza, Abokai da Dangantaka*, Jami'ar Iowa, 1985
* A Crime in the Neighborhood: A Novel, Algonquin Books, 1997,  
* The Ghost at the Table, Algonquin Books, 1997, (reprint 2007,  ) 
* A Perfect Arrangement: A Novel, Algonquin Books, 2001,  
* *Lucile da ta ɓace: Tunawa da Kakar da Ban taɓa sani ba*, Algonquin Littattafai na Chapel Hill, 2010,  
*  

## Manazarta
Helen Dunmore

**Helen Dunmore** FRSL (12 Disamba 1952 - 5 Yuni 2017 ) mawaki ce ta Burtaniya, marubuciya, kuma ɗan gajeren labari kuma marubuciyar yara. 

Ayyukan da aka fi sani da ita sun haɗa da litattafan Zennor in Darkness, A Spell of Winter da The Siege, da littafin waka na karshe Inside the Wave . Ta lashe lambar yabo ta Orange don Fiction, Gasar Waƙoƙi ta Kasa, kuma bayan mutuwarta lambar yabo ta Costa Book . 

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Dunmore a Beverley, Yorkshire, a cikin 1952, ta biyu cikin 'ya'ya hudu na Betty (née Smith) da Maurice Dunmore . Ta halarci Sutton High School, London  da kuma Nottingham Girls' High School, sannan ta halarci makarantun sakandare kai tsaye.

Ta yi karatun Turanci a Jami'ar York, kuma ta zauna a Finland na tsawon shekaru biyu (1973-75) kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin malama. Ta zauna bayan haka a Bristol .  Dunmore ya kasance Fellow na Royal Society of Literature (FRSL). Wasu daga cikin littattafan yara na Dunmore an haɗa su a cikin tsarin karatu don amfani a makarantu.

A watan Maris na shekara ta 2017, ta wallafa littafinta na karshe, Birdcage Walk, da kuma wani labarin game da mutuwa ga The Guardian da aka rubuta bayan an gano ta da ciwon daji.[1] Ta mutu a ranar 5 ga Yuni 2017 [2] [3][4][5] Tarin waƙoƙinta na ƙarshe Inside the Wave, wanda aka buga a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2017 jim kadan kafin mutuwarta, bayan mutuwarta ta lashe kyautar Waƙoƙi da Kyautar Littafin Shekara a cikin Kyautar Costa Book ta 2017.[6][7]

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Mijin Dunmore Frank Charnley, wanda ta auri a 1980, lauya ne. Dunmore tana da ɗa, 'yar da ɗan sarki, da jikoki uku a lokacin mutuwarta.

## Kyaututtuka da girmamawa

* 1987: Zaɓin Littafin Littafin Waƙoƙi, The Raw Garden 
* 1994: Kyautar McKitterick, *Zennor a cikin Duhu* 
* 1996: Kyautar Orange (mai cin nasara), A Spell of Winter 
* 1990: Kyautar Waƙoƙi ta Duniya ta Cardiff 
* 1997: Kyautar T. S. Eliot, gajerun jerin sunayen, *Bestiary* 
* 2010: Kyautar Man Booker, jerin sunayen, *Cin amana* 
* 2010: Wanda ya lashe gasar waka ta kasa, "The Malarkey"  
* 2015: Kyautar Walter Scott, gajerun jerin sunayen, *Ƙarya* 
* 2017 (bayan mutuwarsa): Costa Book Awards Waƙoƙi da Littafin Shekara Awards, Inside the Wave  

## Manazarta
V. V. Ganeshananthan

**V. V. Ganeshananthan** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1980)  marubucin almara ne na Amurka, marubuci, kuma ɗan jarida. Ayyukanta sun bayyana a cikin manyan jaridu da mujallu da yawa, gami da *Granta*, The Atlantic Monthly, da The Washington Post .

Ganeshananthan shine marubucin Love Marriage, wani labari da aka kafa a Sri Lanka da Arewacin Amurka, wanda Random House ta buga a watan Afrilun 2008. An kira Love Marriage daya daga cikin The Washington Post Book World's Best of 2008 kuma ya bayyana a cikin jerin sunayen Orange Prize. An kuma zaba shi a matsayin Barnes &amp;amp; Noble Discover Great New Writers Pick . 

Littafin Ganeshananthan na biyu, Brotherless Night, an kafa shi ne a farkon shekarun Yaƙin basasar Sri Lanka kuma Penguin Random House ne ya buga shi a watan Janairun 2023. An zaba shi a matsayin littafin Zaɓin Editocin New York Times, [1] ya lashe kyautar Carol Shields ta 2024 don Fiction [2] da Kyautar Mata ta 2024 don fiction. [3]

## Tarihin rayuwa
Ganeshananthan ta kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Harvard a shekara ta 2002, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin manajan edita na The *Harvard Crimson*, kuma daga baya ta sami M.F.A. a Jami'ar Iowa a shekara ta 2005. A shekara ta 2007, ta sami wani digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar Columbia Graduate School of Journalism, inda ta kasance Bollinger Fellow da ke ƙwarewa a fannin fasaha da aikin jarida na al'adu.

Ta kasance Zell Visiting Farfesa na Rubuce-rubuce a Jami'ar Michigan har zuwa shekara ta 2014.  A shekara ta 2015, ta fara koyarwa a Jami'ar Minnesota . 

Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban kungiyar 'yan jarida ta Asiya ta Kudu kuma yanzu tana aiki a kan kwamitin Cibiyar Nazarin Marubutan Asiya na Amurka, da kuma kwamitin digiri na *Harvard Crimson* . Har ila yau, an zabe ta darakta a kwamitin Cibiyar Nazarin Sri Lanka ta Amurka. 

## Ayyuka

### ''Aure na soyayya''
Ganeshananthan ta fara auren soyayya a matsayin wani ɓangare na babban rubutun ta a Jami'ar Harvard a karkashin jagorancin Jamaica Kincaid . A cikin jerin zane-zane, littafin Ganeshananthan ya ba da labarin yadda siyasar Sri Lanka ta shafi kuma ta ci gaba da shafar wani iyali. Mai ba da labari, Yalini, budurwa ce da aka haifa wa iyayen Sri Lanka a New York a ranar 23 ga Yuli, 1983 - a wannan rana kamar yadda daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi tashin hankali a Yaƙin basasar Sri Lanka, Black Yuli . Littafin ya biyo bayan Yalini da iyalinta daga yankunan da ke kusa da Amurka zuwa Toronto, inda suka sake haduwa da kawun da ya bar Sri Lanka bayan rayuwa ta yaƙi tare da Tamil Tigers .
Moumina Houmed Hassan

**Moumina Houmed Hassan** 'yar siyasa ce 'yar ƙasar Djibouti wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Mata da Iyali a ƙasar tsakanin shekarun 2016 da 2021. An naɗa Moumina Houmed Hassan a wannan muƙamin a majalisar ministocin Firayim Minista Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed a wani sauye-sauye da aka yi a watan Mayun 2016. Ta maye gurbin Hasna Barkat Daoud.

## Kaciyar Mata
A matsayinta na Minista, Moumina Hassan ta ƙirƙiro wata sabuwar dabara a shekarar 2018-2022 don yaƙi da yi wa mata kaciya. Duk da dokar hana yin hakan, a shekarar 2012, kashi 80% na matan Djibouti masu shekaru 15-49 sun sami matsala, kodayake akwai raguwar yanayin.  Moumina Hassan ta bayyana cewa dokoki kaɗai ba za su dakatar da yin kaciya ba. Tsarin yana buƙatar ƙara wayar da kan jama'a da ilimi ta hanyar haɗa al'ummomi, shugabannin gargajiya, masu fasaha, kafofin watsa labarai, tare da goyon bayan abokan hulɗa na fasaha da kuɗi. Moumina Hassan ta yi kira da a samar da takamaiman dabarun magance yaɗuwar cutar HIV/AIDS a tsakanin mata a ƙasashe kamar Djibouti, tare da la'akari da ƙa'idodin zamantakewa da al'adu na gida.

## Farkon aiki
Kafin ta shiga majalisar ministoci, Moumina Hassan ta kasance Sakatariyar Zartarwa na Sakateriyar Gyaran Gudanar da Gwamnati. Abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai a lokacin mulkin Moumina Hassan shi ne sabunta rubuce-rubucen shari'a da ke jagorantar ayyukan gudanarwa, haɓaka littattafan kula da albarkatun ɗan adam da za a yi amfani da su a ma'aikatun gwamnati da kuma aiwatar da sanarwar ayyukan yi wa 'yan ƙasa hidima.

## Manazarta
Minnie Spotted-Wolf

**Minnie Spotted-Wolf** (1923 &#x2013; 1987)  ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata 'yan asalin Amurka ta farko da suka shiga Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa ta Amurka . 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Minnie Spotted-Wolf ta shiga cikin rundunar mata ta Marine Corps a watan Yulin 1943. 

Spotted-Wolf, daga Heart Butte, Montana, 'yar kabilar Blackfoot ce. Kafin ta shiga rundunar sojojin ruwa, ta yi aiki a gonar mahaifinta tana yin ayyuka kamar yanke shinge, tuƙa babbar mota mai nauyin tan biyu, da kuma karya dawaki . [1] An san ta da ƙwarewarta ta karya dawaki, ta bayyana sansanin sojojin ruwa a matsayin: "mai wahala amma ba mai wahala ba." [2]

Ta yi aiki a sansanonin soji a California da Hawaii . Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai sarrafa kayan aiki masu nauyi da kuma direban manyan hafsoshi. 

Labaran da manema labarai suka yi game da aikinta na lokacin yaƙi sun haɗa da kanun labarai kamar *Minnie, Pride of the Marines, Is Bronc-Busting Indian Queen* . 

An sallame ta a shekarar 1947. 

Bayan aikin soja, ta koma Montana, ta auri Robert England, ta sami digiri a fannin Ilimin Firamare, kuma ta yi shekaru 29 a matsayin malamar makaranta. 

A cewar 'yarta, "za ta iya wuce maza har zuwa farkon shekarunta na 50." 

## Girmamawa
A shekarar 2019, an keɓe wani ɓangare na babbar hanyar Amurka mai lamba 89 a gundumar Pondera, MT a matsayin "Babban Titin Tunawa na Minnie Spotted-Wolf". 

## Duba kuma

* Ma'ajiyar Mata ta Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa ta Amurka

## Manazarta
Aïcha Mohamed Robleh

**Aïcha Mohamed Robleh** (an haife ta a shekarar 1965) marubuciya ce 'yar ƙasar Djibouti.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Robleh a Djibouti, kuma tana da digiri a fannin hulɗa da wuraren aiki, tana mai da hankali kan al'amuran aiki da lafiya. Ta kasance shugabar sashe a ofishin Ministan Aiki har zuwa shekarar 2003 aka zaɓe ta a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa.  A shekarar 2005 ta zama Ministar Haɓaka Mata, Jin Daɗin Iyali, da Harkokin Jama'a.  Ta rubuta wasannin kwaikwayo da yawa, kuma ita ce ta kafa kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo *na La Voix de l'Est*.  A shekarar 1998 UNESCO ta amince da wasan kwaikwayo nata *La Dévoilée*.  An fara nuna wani fim wanda ta jagorancinsa bisa ga aikinta, kan batun yi wa mata kaciya, a shekarar 2015.

## Manazarta
Hawa Ahmed Youssouf

**Hawa Ahmed Youssouf**  (an haife ta a ranar 9 ga watan Nuwambar shekara ta, 1966) ma'aikaciyar gwamnati ce kuma 'yar siyasa ce 'yar ƙasar Djibouti. A shekarar 1999 aka naɗa ta Minista-Wakilai don Tallafawa Mata, Iyali da Harkokin Jama'a, ita ce minista mace ta farko a ƙasar. Shekaru huɗu bayan haka ta kuma zama ɗaya daga cikin ruƙunin mata na farko da aka zaɓa a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa.

## Aiki
An haifi Youssouf a ranar 9 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta, 1966, a Djibouti. Ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin hulɗa da ƙasashen duniya daga Jami'ar Reims Champagne-Ardenne,  kuma ta fara aiki a fannin banki a shekarar 1991. A shekarar 1992 ta zama mai ba da shawara kan fasaha a Ma'aikatar kuma a shekarar 1998 aka naɗa ta darakta a sabuwar Hukumar Tallafawa Mata. 

A shekarar 1999 an naɗa ta Ministar-Wakilai don Inganta Mata, Iyali da Harkokin Jama'a, mace ta farko da aka naɗa a matsayin minista.  Kafin zaɓen shekara ta 2003, an zartar da sabuwar dokar zaɓe, wacce ta buƙaci jerin jam'iyyu su ƙunshi aƙalla kashi 10% na kowace jinsi.  An zaɓe ta a Yankin Djibouti a matsayin wakiliyar Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai don rinjayen Shugaban Ƙasa, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan takara mata bakwai da suka yi nasara waɗanda suka zama mata na farko a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa. A shekarar 2005 an naɗa ta Ministar-Wakilai na Haɗin Kan Ƙasa da Ƙasashen Duniya. 

Youssouf mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata ne (FGM). A watan Agusta a 2017, ta gabatar da jerin tattaunawa a wata ziyara ta kwana uku da ta kai Norway kan wannan batu bayan ta yi tsokaci a baya a wani taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya cewa yayin da sashe na 333 na Dokar Laifuka ta Djibouti a cikin shekaru bakwai da suka gabata ya hukunta masu aikata laifin yi wa mata kaciya sosai, "har yanzu kusan kashi 90 cikin 100 na 'yan mata 'yan shekara 7 zuwa 8 suna fuskantar wannan mummunar al'ada."&nbsp;a Djibouti. 

Youssouf ta kuma yi aiki a kwamitocin ƙasa da ƙasa da ke da sha'awar kawo ƙarshen rikicin siyasa a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara. A shekarar 2012, ta kasance wakiliyar musamman ta ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, inda ta shiga cikin "tallafawa kuɗi don kwance damarar yaƙi, wargaza ƙungiyoyin jama'a da kuma sake shigar da mutane cikin al'umma" waɗanda ayyukan gwamnatin Buzizi suka shafa.

## Manazarta