Sunderlal Bahuguna

**Sunderlal Bahuguna** (9 ga watan Janairun 1927 - 21 ga watan Mayu 2021) ya kasance masanin muhalli na Indiya kuma shugaban ƙungiyar Chipko . Matarsa Vimla Bahuguna da shi ne suka ba da shawarar ra'ayin tafiyar Chipko. Ya yi yaƙi don adana gandun daji a cikin Himalayas, da farko a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Chipko a cikin shekarun 1970s, sannan daga baya ya jagoranci ƙungiyar adawa da Dam din Tehri daga shekarun 1980 zuwa farkon shekara ta 2004. [1] Ya kasance daya daga cikin mai kula da muhalli na farko na Indiya, kuma daga baya shi da wasu da ke da alaƙa da ƙungiyar Chipko kuma sun fara ɗaukar batutuwan muhalli masu yawa, kamar tsayayya da manyan madatsun ruwa.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Sunderlal Bahuguna a ƙauyen Maroda kusa da Tehri, Uttarakhand . Ya yi iƙirarin a cikin wani aiki da aka shirya a Kolkata, cewa kakanninsa da ke ɗauke da sunan Bandyopadhyaya, sun yi ƙaura daga Bengal zuwa Tehri, shekaru 800 da suka gabata. Da farko, ya yi yaƙi da rashin taɓawa kuma daga baya ya fara shirya mata na tsaunuka a cikin yunkurin rigakafin giya daga 1965 zuwa 1970. Ya fara ayyukan zamantakewa yana da shekaru 13, a karkashin jagorancin Shri Dev Suman, wanda ya kasance mai kishin kasa wanda ke yada saƙon rashin tashin hankali,  kuma yana tare da Jam'iyyar Congress Party ta Uttar Pradesh a lokacin Independence.  Bahuguna kuma ta tattara mutane a kan mulkin mallaka kafin 1947. Ya karɓi ƙa'idodin Gandhian a rayuwarsa kuma ya auri matarsa Vimla tare da yanayin cewa za su zauna tsakanin mutanen karkara kuma su kafa ashram a ƙauyen. Gandhi ne ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi, ya yi tafiya a cikin gandun daji da tuddai na Himalayan, yana rufe fiye da kilomita 4,700 (2920 miles) da ƙafa kuma ya lura da lalacewar da manyan ayyukan ci gaba suka yi a kan yanayin halittu na Himalayas da kuma lalacewar rayuwar zamantakewa a ƙauyuka.

## Motsi na Chipko
Yunkurin Chipko ya fara ne a farkon shekarun 1970 a Uttarakhand (sa'an nan wani ɓangare na Uttar Pradesh) daga aikin da mazauna ƙauyen suka yi don ceton bishiyoyi daga yan kwangilar gandun daji. A cikin Hindi, "chipko" a zahiri yana nufin "manne", kuma motsi ya sami wannan sunan tun lokacin da mutanen da ke ƙoƙarin ceton bishiyoyi suka fara runguma da Ƙauna a kan bishiyoyi lokacin da masu katako suka yi ƙoƙarin fadawa. Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun gudummawar Sunderlal Bahuguna ga ƙungiyar Chipko, da kuma muhalli gabaɗaya, shine kirkirar taken Chipko "Ecology shine tattalin arziki na dindindin". Sunderlal Bahuguna ya taimaka wajen kawo motsi zuwa sananne ta hanyar tafiya mai nisan kilomita 5,000 ta hanyar Himalaya  da aka gudanar daga 1981 zuwa 1983, yana tafiya daga ƙauye zuwa ƙauye, yana tara tallafi ga motsi.  Ya yi nadin tare da Firayim Ministan Indiya na lokacin Indira Gandhi kuma an yaba wannan taron da hakan ya haifar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya ta shekaru 15 ta Gandhi kan yanke bishiyoyi a shekarar 1980. Ya kuma kasance yana da alaƙa da Gaura Devi, ɗaya daga cikin masu gabatarwa na motsi.

## zanga-zangar adawa da madatsar ruwan Tehri

Bahuguna ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin zanga-zangar adawa da madatsar ruwan Tehri na tsawon shekaru. Ya yi amfani da hanyoyin Satyagraha kuma ya yi yajin aikin yunwa a bankunan Bhagirathi a matsayin alamar zanga-zangar sa. A shekara ta 1995, ya dakatar da azumi na kwanaki 45 bayan tabbacin daga Firayim Minista na lokacin P. V. Narasimha Rao na nada kwamitin bita kan tasirin muhalli na madatsar ruwan. Bayan haka ya ci gaba da wani azumi mai tsawo wanda ya dauki kwanaki 74 a Gandhi Samadhi, Raj Ghat, a lokacin mulkin Firayim Minista H. D. Deve Gowda, wanda ya ba da aikin kansa na sake dubawa. Koyaya, duk da shari'ar kotu wacce ta gudana a Kotun Koli sama da shekaru goma,  aikin ya ci gaba a madatsar ruwan Tehri a shekara ta 2001, bayan haka aka kama shi a ranar 24 ga Afrilu 2001. 

A ƙarshe, tafkin madatsar ruwan ya fara cikawa a shekara ta 2004, kuma a ranar 31 ga Yuli 2004, an kwashe shi zuwa sabon masauki a Koti. Daga baya ya koma babban birnin Uttarakhand, Dehradun, kuma ya fara zama a can tare da matarsa.

## Kyauta da wahayi

A ranar 8 ga Satumba 1983, Pandurang Hegde, mai fafutukar kare muhalli daga Karnataka, ya fara motsi na Appiko (Kannada don Chipko, " rungumi") don nuna rashin amincewa da sare bishiyoyi, monoculture, da kuma sare daji a Yammacin Ghats, wanda ya samo wahayi daga Sunderlal Bahugana da ƙungiyar Chipko. Bahuguna ya ziyarci yankin a 1979 don taimakawa a cikin kamfen ɗin da aka tsara don aikin wutar lantarki na Bedthi. Bayan da motsi na Appiko ya fara, Bahuguna da Pandurang Hegde sun yi tafiya a sassa da yawa na kudancin Indiya suna inganta kiyaye muhalli, musamman kariya ga Yammacin Ghats, wuri mai zafi na halittu. Wannan da kuma fadada Save the Western Ghats Movement ya haifar da dakatarwar faduwar kore a fadin yankin a shekarar 1989.

Duk da yake an fi sani da shi a matsayin mai fafutukar kare muhalli kuma a matsayin mai kare mutanen Himalayan  da kogunan Indiya, Bahuguna ya kuma yi aiki don inganta yanayin mutanen tsaunuka, musamman mata masu aiki, kuma an haɗa shi da ƙungiyoyin kamewa da kuma a baya tare da gwagwarmaya da nuna bambanci. 

Bahuguna ya mutu a ranar 21 ga Mayu 2021, saboda matsalolin COVID-19.   Ba da daɗewa ba, Amul ya tuna da shi a ɗaya daga cikin tallace-tallace.

A ranar 21 ga Mayu 2022, 'yar Bahuguna, Madhu Pathak ta shirya kuma ta buga littafi na tunawa game da rayuwarsa da aikinsa. Wannan littafin yana da gudummawa daga sanannun masu fafutukar zamantakewa, marubuta, masu ilimi da 'yan siyasa. Baya ga rayuwar Bahuguna da aikinta, wannan littafin yana taimaka wa mai karatu wajen fahimtar ƙungiyoyin muhalli a yankin Garhwal Himalayan.

## Kyaututtuka

* 1987: Kyautar Rayuwa ta Dama (Movement na Chipko) 
* 1981: Padma Shri (An ƙi) A cikin 1981 Bahuguna ya ki yarda da Padma Shiri saboda kin amincewar gwamnati ta soke aikin madatsar ruwan Tehri duk da zanga-zangar da ya yi.
* 1986: Kyautar Jamnalal Bajaj don aiki mai ginawa.
* 1989: IIT Roorkee ta ba da digiri na girmamawa na Doctor of Social Sciences . 
* 2009: Kyautar Padma Vibhushan ta gwamnatin Indiya don kiyaye muhalli.

* Sundar Lal Bahuguna Sankalp ke Himalaya (Madhu Pathak Mayu2013) 
* *Muhalli na Indiya: Labari da Gaskiya* tare da Vandana Shiva, Medha Patkar
* Rikicin muhalli da Mutane a Hadari: Abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci don aiki tare da Rajiv K.Sinha 
* *Bhu Prayog Men Buniyadi Parivartan Ki Or* (Hindi) 
* *Dharti Ki Pukar* (Hindi) 
* James, George Alfred (2013). Muhalli shine Tattalin Arziki na Dindindin: Aiki da Muhalli na Sunderlal Bahuguna . Albany: Jami'ar Jihar New York . 

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje

* Wani rubutu na Katherine Goldsmith
* "Idan Himalayas sun mutu, wannan ƙasar ba ta ko'ina"