Franklin White

**Franklin Marshall Matthews White** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1946) masanin kimiyar lafiyar jama'a ne na Kanada wanda ya mai da hankali kan haɓaka ƙarfin ilimi na duniya da na duniya, bincike da haɓakawa. Yana bada shawara:"Kiwon lafiyar jama'a...ba dole ba ne a bar wa kasashen duniya su ayyana shi;...hakin kasashen da kansu ne su bayyana abubuwan da suka sa a gaba. Ya kamata a kalli ajanda na duniya a matsayin abin da ya dace sosai." "An fi yin lafiya a gidaje, al'ummomi da wuraren aiki kuma tsirarun marasa lafiya ne kawai za a iya gyara su a asibitoci da asibitoci." "Dole ne kasashe (dole ne) su tantance bukatunsu na albarkatun bil'adama na lafiyar jama'a tare da bunkasa karfinsu na isar da wannan karfin, kuma ba su dogara ga sauran kasashe don wadata su ba." "Kiwon lafiya na jama'a da kiwon lafiya na farko sune ginshiƙan tsarin kiwon lafiya mai ɗorewa, kuma wannan ya kamata a bayyana a cikin manufofin kiwon lafiya da tsarin ilimin ƙwararru na dukkan ƙasashe." 

## Rayuwar farko

An haife shi a Perth, Yammacin Ostiraliya (1946), danginsa sun zauna a Kuala Lumpur (1946-50) a lokacin gaggawa na Malayan, sun shiga cikin sake ginawa bayan yakin; mahaifinsa Frank TM White, sannan aka nada shi wanda ya kafa farfesa a fannin Ma'adinai da Metallurgical Engineering, Jami'ar Queensland .  Ziyartar wuraren fage da ɗaukar aikin yi na lokaci-lokaci a cikin masana'antar, ya fahimci cewa yadda mutane ke rayuwa da aiki suna shafar lafiyarsu. Yayin da yake makarantar sakandare, ya cancanta a matsayin Petty Officer, Ostiraliya Navy Cadets, ya shahara a cikin waƙa da filin, kuma ya cancanta (1963) a matsayin ƙaramin wasan rugby;  a matsayin babban zakara na Queensland (1964), ya wakilci jihar a gasar wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle ta Australiya ta 1965. Wani memba na *Babayaga Trio*, ya shiga cikin kiɗan gargajiya na Ostiraliya .

## Ilimi
Ya yi karatun firamare a Ironside State School da Brisbane Boys College ; karatunsa na sakandare a Makarantar Grammar Church na Anglican .  Bayan karatun tallafin karatu a Jami'ar Queensland, ya sami digiri na MD, CM daga Jami'ar McGill a 1969. A lokacin horon a asibitin Royal Jubilee, ya tsunduma cikin binciken ilimi tare da L' Université de Sherbrooke .  A cikin 1970-71 ya shiga Ma'aikatar Lafiya (British Columbia) a matsayin mai horarwa, sannan ya shiga makarantar London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine a karkashin kulawar masanin cututtukan zamantakewa Jerry Morris, ya sami MSc a 1973.  A lokacin waɗannan karatun McGill ya ɗauke shi aiki kuma ya ba shi aiki zuwa Sashin Bincike na Pneumoconiosis na Cibiyar Nazarin Lafiya, Makarantar Magungunan Jami'ar Cardiff, tare da Archie Cochrane, majagaba na likitancin shaida . Ya sami ƙwarewa na musamman a Kanada ( FRCPC 1982) da kuma a cikin United Kingdom ( FFPH 2003, ta bambanta).

## Sana'a

### Sa ido da bincike kan lafiyar jama'a

An nada shi sashen ilimin cututtuka da lafiya na McGill a cikin 1972, ya mai da hankali kan kiwon lafiya na sana'a da muhalli,   kuma ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a asibitin al'umma na Asibitin Royal Victoria . A cikin 1974, ya shiga Lafiya Kanada a matsayin shugaba, cututtukan cututtuka masu yaduwa, kuma a cikin 1975 ya ƙaddamar da Rahoton Makodin Cutar Kanada, rahoton sa ido na farko da ke tallafawa bayanan ƙasa, kuma ya ƙaddamar da Shirin Fannin Cutar Cutar.   A matsayin darekta, kula da cututtuka masu yaduwa da cututtukan cututtuka na Alberta (1977-80), sannan kuma darektan cututtukan cututtuka na British Columbia (1980-82), ya haɓaka sa ido da ƙarfin bincike. Ya buga bincike-bincike da yawa na litattafai: Cutar Legionnaires,  shigellosis a kan jirgin ƙasa na aiki a Labrador,  cututtukan gastrointestinal da ke da alaƙa da haɗaɗɗen madarar nono,  poliomyelitis a cikin al'ummar addinin da ba a yi wa alurar riga kafi ba,  da brucellosis a cikin gidan yanka . ;  ya kuma buga akan cututtuka da ake shigowa da su,  tsarin kiwon lafiya da manufofin rigakafi .   Ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Ba da Shawara kan Cututtuka (1977-82), da Kwamitin Tsare-tsaren Rigakafi na Ƙasa (1978-81). Ya kasance shugaban kujeru (tsafta), Kwamitin Kiwon lafiya, Wasannin Commonwealth, Edmonton 1977-78.

### Jagoranci na ilimi da ƙwararru a Kanada

Yana da shekaru 36, an nada shi " Ezra Butler Eddy " Farfesa kuma Shugaban, Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a da Cututtuka a Jami'ar Dalhousie (1982-89), kuma ya kasance zababben dan Majalisar Dattawa na lokaci guda. An nada shi zuwa Cibiyar Albarkatun Kasa da Nazarin Muhalli, ya binciki yadda mutane ke kamuwa da sinadarai da magungunan kashe qwari.    Yin amfani da bayanan Nazarin Fitness na Kanada,  ya mai da hankali kan auna kiba da yaduwa,    kuma ya fara bayyana wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta ta kugu: rabon hip (kiba na ciki) tare da hauhawar jini a cikin maza.  Wani bincike da aka gudanar ya gano cutar ascariasis mafi muni a arewacin duniya.  Yin amfani da haɗin gwiwar bayanan, ya bincikar ciwon daji da kuma mace-mace a cikin ma'aikatan gida;  An yi amfani da irin wannan sababbin hanyoyin don nazarin tsakanin larduna na cututtukan zuciya. 

Ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyyar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a na Lafiya ta Kanada (1983–84), Task Force on Obesity (1983–86), da Kwamitin Ba da Shawarwari kan Matsayin Nauyi (1985-87), kuma ya jagoranci Kwamitin Bita, Tsarin Ba da Rahoto Kan Ciwon Ciwon daji. A cikin 1986, an nada shi Babban Mai jarrabawa a Magungunan Al'umma, Kwalejin Royal na Likitoci da Likitoci na Kanada (waɗanda shekaru 3). A cikin 1988, ya zama memba na kafa, Kwamitin Amintattu, Gidauniyar Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli ta Kanada, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.

Zaɓaɓɓen Shugaban Ƙungiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Kanada (CPHA) 1986-88, ya ba da shawarar rawar duniya ga ƙungiyar.   A cikin Nuwamba 1986, CPHA ta karbi bakuncin Babban Taron Duniya na Farko akan Inganta Lafiya, wanda ya samar da Yarjejeniya ta Ottawa don Inganta Lafiya . Har ila yau, a cikin 1986, CPHA ta ƙaddamar da Ƙaddamar da Tallafin Tallafi na Ƙasashen Duniya na Kanada, don tallafawa Ƙasashen Commonwealth da Francophonie . Ya yi aiki a hukumar Canadian Society for International Health (1992-96).

### Ƙarfafa ƙarfi - na duniya da na duniya

A matsayinsa na kasa da kasa, ya jaddada ƙwarin gwiwa don ilimin kiwon lafiyar jama'a, bincike, manufofi da haɓaka shirye-shirye.  An kafa shi a Port of Spain, Trinidad a matsayin Darakta (1989-95), Cibiyar Cututtuka ta Caribbean (CAREC/PAHO/WHO), hukumar kula da kasashe mambobin 22, ya jaddada tattara albarkatu.  An yi amfani da wannan ga: ilimin zamantakewa da halayya, tsarin bayanan dakin gwaje-gwaje da rigakafi; fifiko cututtuka da cututtukan cututtuka horo;   inganta ajandar cututtuka marasa yaduwa; da kuma jagorantar martanin yanki game da cutar HIV/AIDS .    An haɗa CAREC daga baya a cikin CARPHA, Hukumar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Caribbean, a cikin 2013. A lokacin aikinsa na Darakta, CAREC, White ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Binciken Kiwon Lafiya na Caribbean na Commonwealth, a kan Kwamitin Ba da Shawarwari na Fasaha na Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli ta Caribbean, kuma yana da matsayin mai sa ido na yau da kullun a taron Ministocin Lafiya na Caribbean Community (CARICOM).

Daga baya, tushen a Washington DC don Ƙungiyar Lafiya ta Pan American (PAHO/WHO), inganta hanyar da ta dogara da shaida,   a cikin 1995 ya jagoranci ci gaba da shirin cutar da ba za a iya yadawa ba (NCD) wanda ya mayar da hankali kan Latin. Amurka da Caribbean.   Ƙaddamarwa sun haɗa da Sanarwar Amurka akan Ciwon sukari (DOTA),    haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu da aka tsara bayan St. Vincent Declaration, tsarin CARMEN na haɗin gwiwar rigakafi da sarrafawa na NCD,  da kuma ganewa. na kansar mahaifa,  hatsarori da tashin hankali a matsayin fifiko.  Ya yi shawarwarin sharuɗɗan ma'auni don sababbin Cibiyoyin Haɗin gwiwar WHO guda biyu: Jami'ar Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, don zama Cibiyar Haɗin gwiwa don Tallafawa Ciwon daji (1996-2008);   da Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Appcada (CENEXA), Jami'ar Kasa ta La Plata, a matsayin Cibiyar Haɗin gwiwa don Binciken Ciwon sukari, Ilimi da Kulawa (1997-2015).  Ya yi aiki a Hukumar Taimako, da Ƙungiya mai Aiwatarwa: Tsare-tsaren ayyuka da tsarin tantancewa.

A matsayinsa na Farfesa *Noordin M Thobani* kuma shugaba, Kimiyyar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, Jami'ar Aga Khan (AKU), Karachi, (1998-2003), ya mai da hankali kan Kudancin Asiya, yana mai da hankali kan ka'idar: "Kiwon lafiyar jama'a… ayyana, da farko alhakin kasashen da kansu ne su ayyana abubuwan da suka sa gaba. Yakamata a kalli ajanda na duniya a matsayin masu dacewa a mafi kyau. . ." .  A AKU ya inganta lafiyar jama'a, nazarin filin, bincike na tsarin, da horar da al'umma.   Ya jagoranci tsarawa da aiwatar da MSc a cikin manufofin kiwon lafiya da gudanarwa, da kuma ƙididdigar shiga tsakani a cikin saitunan da ke da wuyar isa (duba taswirar Karakorum Highway ), irin su Shirin Tsabtace Ruwa da Tsabtace . Ya tsunduma cikin yawancin binciken da aka gudanar a cikin gida, ciki har da: cututtukan yara,    tarin fuka,   HIV / AIDS / STI,   lafiyar haihuwa,   ] tsarin kiwon lafiya,      lafiyar muhalli,     da kuma NCDs.            

A cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da Jami'ar Alabama a Birmingham (1999-2003), ya mai da hankali kan shirye-shirye a Pakistan, ya jagoranci Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Amurka, Cibiyar Harkokin Kiwon Lafiya ta Fogarty : Kwamitin shawarwari da zaɓi na Cibiyar Koyarwa da Bincike na AIDS na kasa da kasa, kuma ya kasance Babban Harkokin Waje. Mai haɗin gwiwa don: Shirin Bincike da Horar da Lafiyar Mata da Yara, da Bincike da Koyarwa na Ƙasashen Duniya a Tsarin Muhalli da Lafiyar Sana'a. Daga 2004 zuwa 2009, ya yi aiki a Hukumar Ba da Shawara ta Duniya, Tsarin Ayyukan Kasa, Rigakafin NCD, Sarrafa & Inganta Lafiya, Pakistan.

A lokacin yakin Iraki da yakin Afghanistan (2001-14), White ya buga ra'ayoyinsa da damuwarsa a cikin mujallolin kimiyya: game da batun annoba ta ta'addanci da yuwuwar tashin tashin hankali a jere, yana kuka da "rashin jagoranci mai haske. .. wanda ya kawo mu ga wannan...":  niyya ga abubuwan samar da ruwa,  " lalacewar lamuni " tsakanin yara,  da kuma buƙatar mayar da martani mai karfi daga al'ummomin duniya, suna yin la'akari da dokokin kasa da kasa. . 

### Tsare-tsare, sa ido da kimanta tsarin kiwon lafiya

A cikin 2003, White ta ƙaddamar da Lafiya da Ci gaban Kimiyyar Lafiya ta Pacific Inc. ( *PacificSci)*, wani kamfani da ke sa ido da kuma kimanta manyan ayyukan kiwon lafiya misali, Amref Health Africa ; Cibiyar Nazarin Cutar Zawo ta Duniya, Bangladesh (icddr,b); Shirin Ma'aikatan Lafiya na Uwargidan Pakistan (mai bita na waje zuwa Gudanar da Manufofin Oxford ); Cibiyar Nazarin Ci Gaban Ƙasa ta Duniya ; da (don tallafawa Ƙungiyar Gudanar da Universalia, Ottawa-Montreal) Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya . Rahoton da aka ƙayyade na *PacificSci* a cikin 2020. Ya yi aiki a hukumar ba da shawara (2008-12) don kafa Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a da Manufofin Jama'a a Jami'ar Victoria, kuma a kan kwamitin ba da shawara na kasa da kasa (kimiyyar kiwon lafiya) na Jami'ar Qatar . Don Jami'ar Kuwait, ya jagoranci tsare-tsare don Faculty of Public Health (an ƙaddamar da 2014). Binciken tsarin lafiyarsa    ya jaddada cewa "an fi yin kiwon lafiya a gidaje, al'ummomi da wuraren aiki kuma wasu tsirarun marasa lafiya ne kawai za a iya gyara su a asibitoci da asibitoci",  cewa "al'ummai (dole ne). ) tantance bukatun albarkatun ɗan adam na lafiyar jama'a da haɓaka ikonsu na isar da wannan ƙarfin, kuma ba dogara ga sauran ƙasashe don wadata su ba."  da kuma cewa "Kiwon lafiya na jama'a da kiwon lafiya na farko su ne ginshiƙan tsarin kiwon lafiya mai dorewa, kuma wannan ya kamata a bayyana a cikin manufofin kiwon lafiya da tsarin ilimin sana'a na dukan ƙasashe."   Ya kuma yi magana game da aikace-aikacen etiology na cututtuka da tarihin halitta don rigakafi a cikin kiwon lafiya na farko. 

### Gudunmawa ga wallafe-wallafen tunani
White ya rubuta fiye da 300 wallafe-wallafe. Ya bayar da gudummawa ga bugu na tushen kawancen kungiyar na annobarymology,  kuma a matsayin matsayin mai danganta John M ta ƙarshe, a cikin kamus na lafiyar jama'a (2007).  Sabis ɗin hukumar editan sa ya haɗa da ɗan jaridar Kanada na Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a (Shugaban *1982-86* ), Jarida ta Amurka na Kula da Kamuwa da cuta, Jaridar Manufofin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, Ka'idodin Kiwon Lafiya da Ayyuka, da Jaridar Duniya na Magunguna da Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, tana mai da hankali. saitunan ci gaba.  Ya ba da izinin "kiwon lafiya na duniya da na duniya" a cikin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a da Magungunan rigakafi (McGraw Hill 2008).  Shi babban marubuci ne na *Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a na Duniya - Gidauniyar Muhalli* (Jami'ar Oxford 2013). 

## Ganewa
Franklin White ya karɓi *Medal of Honor* (1997), lambar yabo mafi girma na ma'aikata na PAHO/WHO, da lambar yabo ta *Breakthrough for Creativity* (1990) daga AED (marasa riba) don ayyukan zamantakewa-halayen HIV/AIDS. A cikin 2011, Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya da Lafiya ta London ta zaɓi shi azaman nazarin shari'a (tsofaffin 30 a duniya). Ya kasance babban mai magana a cikin ƙasashe da yawa, ciki har da: webinar don girmama bikin 100th na Ƙungiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Kanada (2010); ƙaddamar da SHOW (Binciken Lafiya na Wisconsin), Amurka, 2008; Jawabin kaddamar da ginin Ibn Ridwan, AKU, Karachi a gaban Aga Khan, 2000; "Bicentenario del Nacimiento de Jose Cayetano Heredia " wanda la Academia Nacional de Medicina ya shirya, Peru, 1997; da Masanin Kimiyya na Ziyara, Cibiyar Haɗin gwiwar WHO don Rural & Border Health, Jami'ar Arizona, 1993. A cikin 1990, ya karbi bakuncin Anne, Gimbiya Royal, a ziyararta zuwa Cibiyar Cutar Cutar Caribbean. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
White yana zaune a Victoria, BC, tare da Debra J Nanan, masanin cututtukan cututtuka mai ritaya. Yana da ’ya’ya uku kafin aure, da jikoki hudu. A Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Wasannin Wasannin Wasannin Duniya na 1990 na Arewacin Amurka,  ya ci lambar azurfa a pentathlon da tagulla a cikin tarnaƙi na mita 400 . A cikin 1992 ya buga wani asusun tafiya da ƙaramin jirgin ruwa daga Nova Scotia zuwa Yammacin Indies. A shekara ta 2005, daya daga cikin ma'aikatan jirgin 3, ya yi tafiya da ketch mai ƙafa 42 daga Hawaii zuwa British Columbia.  A cikin 2020 ya rubuta tarihin mahaifinsa *Miner tare da Zuciyar Zinariya - tarihin rayuwar masanin kimiyyar ma'adinai da injiniyanci* .  

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Gidauniyar Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli ta Kanada http://www.ehfc.ca/pages/history.html 
* Yarjejeniya ta Ottawa don Inganta Lafiya. Taron kasa da kasa na Farko akan Inganta Lafiya, Ottawa, 21 Nuwamba 1986. http://www.who.int/healthpromotion/conferences/previous/ottawa/en/index1.html
* Pan American Health Organization, Game da CARMAN. http://new.paho.org/carmen/ 
* Pacific Health & Development Sciences Inc. Yanar Gizo 2013. http://www.pacificci.org 
* Universalia. Yanar Gizo 2013. http://universalia.com/
* Binciken Lafiya na Wisconsin http://www.show.wisc.edu/index.php?q=node/11
* Jami'ar Wisconsin. Shaida bisa lafiyar al'umma - daga bayanai zuwa aiki. http://videos.med.wisc.edu/videos/3014
* Franklin MM White - ResearchGate https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Franklin_White