Harsunan Gur

**Harsunan Gur**, wanda kuma ake kira **Central Gur** ko **Mabia**, na cikin harsunan Nijar – Kongo . Ana magana da su a yankunan Saheliya da savanna na yammacin Afirka, wato: a mafi yawan yankunan Burkina Faso, da kuma kudu maso tsakiyar Mali, arewa maso gabashin Ivory Coast, arewacin Ghana da Togo, arewa maso yammacin Benin, da kudu maso yammacin Nijar . Ana yin wasu harsunan Gur a Najeriya . Bugu da ƙari, ana magana da yaren Gur guda ɗaya, Baatonum, a cikin Benin da kuma a cikin matsanancin arewa maso yammacin Najeriya. Sauran harsuna guda uku na Gur, Tusya, Vyemo da Tiefo, ana magana da su a Burkina Faso. Wani Harshen Gur wanda ba a bayyana shi ba, Miyobe, ana magana da shi a cikin kasar Benin da Togo. Bugu da kari, Kulango, Loma da Lorhon, ana magana da su a Ghana, Ivory Coast da Burkina Faso. Bugu da ƙari, ƴan masu magana da Mossi suna ƙasar Senegal, kuma ana samun masu magana da yaren Dagaare a Kamaru . Harsunan Samu na Burkina Faso harsunan Gur.

## Siffofin alamomi
Kamar yawancin harsunan kasar Nijar – Kongo, mai yiwuwa kakannin harsunan Gur yana da tsarin ajin suna ; da yawa daga cikin harsunan yau kuma sun mayar da wannan zuwa tsarin jinsin jinsi ko ɓatanci ko kuma ba su da tsarin aji.  Abubuwan gama gari na harsunan Gur shine alamar magana. Kusan duk harsunan Gur suna tonal, tare da kuma Koromfé kasancewa sanannen kebe. Tsarin tonal na harsunan Gur suna da bambanci sosai. Yawancin harsunan Gur an kwatanta su da bin tsarin tsarin sautunan sautuna biyu, amma harsunan reshen Oti-Volta da wasu suna da sautunan sauti guda uku.

## Tarihin karatu
Sigismund Wilhelm Koelle ya fara ambata harsuna goma sha biyu Gur a cikin 1854 *Polyglotta Africana*, waɗanda ke wakiltar harsuna goma a cikin rarrabuwa na zamani. Musamman ma, dai-dai ya bayyana waɗannan harsunan cewa suna da alaƙa da juna; nasa 'North-East High Sudan' yayi daidai da Gur a rarrabuwa na zamani.


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An kira dangin Gur a baya **Voltaic**, suna bin sunan Faransanci *(harsuna) Voltaïques* (mai suna bayan kogin Volta ). An taɓa ɗauka ya fi girma fiye da yadda ake ɗauka a yau, gami da harsunan Senufo da adadin ƙananan yare. Haɗin Senufo a cikin Gur an ƙi shi da yawancin masana harsuna, ciki har da Tony Naden .  Williamson da Blench  sanya Senufo a matsayin reshe na daban na Atlantic – Kongo, yayin da sauran harsunan Gur da ba na Tsakiya ba ana sanya su da ɗan kusanci a matsayin rassa daban a cikin ci gaba na Savannas .

Kleinewillinghöfer (2014) ya lura cewa dangin Gur na kurkusa da alama sun kasance rassa da yawa na dangin Adamawa da ba a gama ba, tun da yawancin harsunan “Adamawa” sun fi kamanceceniya da harsunan Gur (Central) daban-daban fiye da sauran harsunan Adamawa. Ya ba da shawarar cewa masu magana da harshen Gur-Adamawa na farko sun noma masara da gero a cikin wani yanayi na savanna dazuzzuka. 

## Rarrabuwa
Yankunan da ke kan taswirar suna nuna rarraba yankuna na harsunan Gur ta Tsakiya. Tsarin bishiyar da ke ƙasa yana nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin waɗannan harsuna da danginsu na kusa:

Matsayin Dogoso-Khe a Kudancin Gur bai bayyana ba; ba shi da alaƙa da sauran membobin reshen.

### Bodomo (2017)
Bodomo (2017) yana nufin gaba dayan kungiyar Gur ta tsakiya a matsayin *Mabia* .  Kalmar *Mabia* wani hoto ne na sabbin ƙamus guda biyu *ma* - 'uwa' + *bia* 'yaro'. 

Mai zuwa shine rabe-raben harsunan Mabia (ko Central Gur) daga Bodomo (2017), kamar yadda aka ambata a cikin Bodomo (2020).  Bodomo ya raba Mabia zuwa rassa na farko guda uku, wato Yamma, Gabas, da Tsakiya.

Kalmar *Mabia*, maimakon *Gur*, ita ma Naden (2021) tana amfani da ita. 

Naden (2021) ya lissafa harsunan ƙungiyar Mabia ta Kudu/Gabas a matsayin Dagbani, Hanga, Kantoosi, Kamara, Kusaal (Kusasi), Mampruli (Mamprusi), Nabit, Nanun/Nanuni (kuma ana ɗaukar yare na Dagbani), da Talni .

## Kwatankwacin ƙamus
Misalin ainihin ƙamus na harsunan Gur:

*Lura* : A cikin sel na tebur tare da slash, ana ba da nau'i guda ɗaya kafin slash, yayin da nau'i na jam'i ya bi slash.

### Lambobi
Kwatanta lambobi a cikin yaruka ɗaya: 

## Manazarta