Azza Soliman

**Azza Soliman** ( ; an haife ta a shekara ta 1966) lauyar ƙasar  Masar ce kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata. Ta kafa Cibiyar Taimakon Shari'a na Matan Masar (CEWLA), ƙungiyar da ke fafutukar tabbatar da daidaiton mata, tare da mai da hankali kan daidaiton doka da kuma gyara dokokin nuna wariya. An kama ta kuma an gurfanar da ita a gaban kuliya a cikin shekarar 2015, ta ba da shaida game da mutuwar wata mai zanga-zangar, Shaimaa al-Sabbagh (wanda 'yan sandan Masar suka kashe). Soliman ta fuskanci ramuwar gayya, ciki har da matakan kuɗi.

Soliman wata ɓangare ce ta kamfen na Bajinta na Amnesty International, wanda ke kira da a amince da kare hakkin bil adama a duniya.

## Tarihin Rayuwa

An haifi Soliman a shekara ta 1966, a cikin iyali mata biyar da ’yan’uwa uku, mahaifinta ya ƙarfafa Soliman ta yi karatu. Ta zama lauya kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama a Masar.  A cikin shekarar 1995, ta kafa Cibiyar Taimakon Shari'a na Matan Masar (CEWLA).  Daga shekarar 1997, CEWLA ta aiwatar da horo da shirye-shiryen wayar da kan doka kan batun daidaiton jinsi. Haka kuma wannan kungiya mai zaman kanta tana gudanar da nazari tare da tsara hanyoyin sadarwa a kan batutuwa kamar cin zarafin mata, kisan gilla, kaciyar mata, khul (hanyar da mace za ta iya sakin mijinta a Musulunci), tafsirin shari'a da sauransu.   

A cikin shekarar 2010s, yanayin zamantakewa da siyasa a Masar ya samo asali cikin sauri bayan juyin juya halin Masar na shekarar 2011. Soliman ta caccaki irin wahalhalun da mata ke fuskanta a zanga-zangar da ke faruwa a kan tituna da kuma wuraren taro. Ta yi magana game da cin zarafi da mata ke fama da su a cikin boren. 

A cikin watan Janairun 2015, yayin da take kan filin cin abinci, Soliman ta shaida harin da wasu 'yan sanda rufe fuska suka yi a wata zanga-zangar lumana na tunawa da cika shekaru huɗu da tayar da zaune tsaye na watan Janairu 25, 2011 ("Ranar Fushi"). Ta ga wata mai zanga-zangar, Shaimaa al-Sabbagh, da 'yan sanda suka harbe har lahira.    Bayan wannan bala'i, Soliman da son rai ta je ofishin mai gabatar da kara don ba da shaida kan mutuwar Shaimaa El Sabbagh a lokacin da 'yan sanda suka tarwatsa zanga-zangar. Ta kuma jadada alhakin ‘yan sanda, sannan ta kai karar ministan cikin gida da jami’an tsaro. Lauyan mai gabatar da kara ya yi mata tambayoyi tare da sanar da ita cewa an shigar da ƙara a kanta da wasu shaidu huɗu kan “taron da ba bisa ka’ida ba” da kuma “hallartar zanga-zangar tsaron jama’a” duk da cewa ba ta shiga zanga-zangar ba. A ranar 23 ga watan Maris, 2015, an tuhume ta a hukumance, tare da wasu mutane goma sha shida, da laifin "sunnar jama'a ba tare da izini ba" da "keta harkokin tsaro da zaman lafiyar jama'a". A ranar 23 ga watan Mayu, 2015, Kotun ta yi watsi da tuhumar da ake yi musu, hukuncin da kotun ɗaukaka ƙara ta tabbatar a watan Oktoba na wannan shekarar, Kotun ɗaukaka ƙara ta ɗaukaka ƙara kan hukuncin farko. 

A ranar 19 ga watan Nuwamba, 2016, an fara wani sabon salo na ramuwar gayya a kanta. Yayin da take kan hanyarta ta zuwa ƙasar Jordan don shiga cikin ‘Musawah’, wata kungiya mai fafutukar tabbatar da daidaito da adalci a cikin dangin musulmi, karkashin jagorancin ‘yan mata masu neman karɓo Musulunci da Kur’ani da kansu, ‘yan sandan filin jirgin sun hana Soliman barin wurin. 

Jim kaɗan bayan haka, bankinta ya daskarar da asusun ajiyarta da na kamfanin lauyoyinta. Bayan makonni biyu, a farkon watan Disamba, ‘yan sanda suka kama ta, aka kai ta ofishin ‘yan sanda, sannan aka kai ta ofishin alkali mai bincike domin yi mata tambayoyi. An zarge ta da faɗuwa ƙarƙashin wata sabuwar doka kan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (NGOs), da ke haramtawa kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu karɓar tallafi daga ƙasashen waje. Kotu ta tabbatar da waɗannan tuhume-tuhumen a ranar 14 ga watan watan Disamba, 2016, kuma an haramta wa Soliman fita daga ƙasar da kadarorinta.  An shirya gangamin haɗin kai don tallafa mata.   

An ba da kyautar Allard don "ƙarfin zuciya da jagoranci na musamman wajen yaki da cin hanci da rashawa ko kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam" ga Khadija Ismayilova a cikin shekarar 2017. Soliman ta kasance ta  ƙarshe da kuma ta sami yabo mai daraja.

## Manazarta