Cinikin mutane a Bosnia da Herzegovina

A shekara ta 2009 Bosnia da Herzegovina sun kasance tushen mata da 'yan mata na Bosnia waɗanda aka yi wa fataucin mutane, musamman tilasta karuwanci a cikin ƙasar, kodayake ita ma ƙasa ce mai zuwa da wucewa ga mata da' yan mata na ƙasashen waje a cikin karuwanci mai tilasta a Bosnia da Yammacin Turai. An gano mutane hudu da suka kamu da cutar daga Serbia a shekarar 2009. Yawancin matan da aka fataucin sun shiga kasar ta hanyar Serbia ko Montenegro. Akwai rahotanni cewa wasu 'yan mata, musamman Roma, an yi fataucin su, ta hanyar tilasta auren, don manufar bautar gida ba tare da son rai ba, kuma cewa Romawa maza da mata sun fuskanci tilasta bara ta ƙungiyoyi masu shirya. Akwai shari'a guda daya da ta shafi mazajen Bosnian da aka dauka don aiki kuma an sanya su cikin sharuddan tilas a Azerbaijan a cikin 2009. Rahoton NGO cewa masu fataucin mutane galibi suna amfani da matsakaici don kawo abokan ciniki zuwa gidaje masu zaman kansu, gidajen motsa jiki, da tashoshin gas inda ake gudanar da wadanda abin ya shafa.

Gwamnatin Bosnia ta cika cikakkiyar ƙa'idodi don kawar da fataucin mutane. Gwamnati ta sami ci gaba sosai a kokarin tilasta bin doka na yaki da fataucin mutane a cikin shekara ta 2009 ta hanyar rage yawan amfani da hukuncin da aka dakatar da shi da kuma sanya hukunci mai karfi ga masu fataucin da aka yanke musu hukunci. Gwamnati ta yi amfani da hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su don gano wadanda za su iya kamuwa da su a cikin shekara ta 2009, ta yi rajistar yawan wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane, kuma ta tura su ga masu ba da sabis na NGO waɗanda ta tallafawa.

Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don Kulawa da Yaki da Cin Hanci da Kasuwanci a cikin Mutane ya sanya kasar a cikin "Tier 2" a cikin 2017  da 2023 . 

Kodayake gwamnati ta yi iƙirarin bin doka, rahoton 2017 ya lura da rashin iya cika cikakkun ka'idoji don kawar da fataucin mutane amma tana yin ƙoƙari mai mahimmanci don yin hakan.

Daga 2017 zuwa 2021, gwamnati ta gano wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane 306 (a matsakaita 78 a kowace shekara); mafi yawansu yara ne da ke yin bara a titi.

Bosnia da Herzegovina sun tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar TIP ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 2000 a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2004. 

## Shari'a
Gwamnatin Bosnia ta sami ci gaba mai mahimmanci a kokarin tilasta bin doka na yaki da fataucin mutane a shekarar da ta gabata, ta ba da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman hukunci don fataucin da aka taɓa gurfanar da shi a Bosnia. Har ila yau, gwamnati ta rage amfani da hukuncin da aka dakatar da shi da kuma kara hukuncin da aka yanke wa masu fataucin mutane. Gwamnatin Bosnia ta haramta fataucin jima'i da cin zarafin aiki ta hanyar Mataki na 186 na Dokar aikata laifuka, wanda ya ba da hukuncin da ya kai shekaru 10 a kurkuku. Wadannan hukunce-hukunce suna da tsauri sosai kuma sun dace da waɗanda aka tsara don wasu manyan laifuka, kamar fyade. Gwamnati ta yi gyare-gyare ga dokar aikata laifuka a shekara ta 2009, inda ta kafa mafi karancin shekaru uku don fataucin mutane da kuma kara mafi karancin hukunci ga jami'an da ke da hannu a fataucin. Gwamnatin kasa ta samu nasarar gurfanar da wata shari'ar fataucin da ta shafi wani babban mai fataucin mutane a shekara ta 2009, inda ta yanke wa jagorar hukuncin shekaru 12 a kurkuku, ta ci masa tarar $ 14,286, kuma ta ba da umarnin kwace dukiya sama da $ 204,600.

A shekara ta 2009, gwamnatin kasa ta binciki shari'o'in fataucin mutane 14, kuma hukumomin yankin sun binciki irin waɗannan shari'oʼin 21. Gwamnatin kasa ta gurfanar da shari'o'i uku da suka shafi masu aikata laifuka 12 a cikin shekara ta 2009, kuma ta yanke wa masu aikata laphuka 11 hukunci; hukuncin da aka yanke wa masu fataucin mutane 11 a cikin shari'oʼi biyu ya kasance daga watanni biyar zuwa shekaru 12 a kurkuku. Shida daga cikin wadannan hukunce-hukuncen sun wuce shekaru uku, kuma an wanke wanda ake zargi. Kotuna a cikin Tarayyar sun gurfanar da shari'o'i bakwai, sun yanke wa masu fataucin mutane 11 hukunci, kuma sun yanke wa tara daga cikinsu hukuncin shekara daya zuwa uku. A ƙarshe, a cikin Republika Srpska, an ruwaito cewa hukumomi sun gurfanar da shari'o'in fataucin mutane tara kuma sun yanke wa masu aikata laifuka biyar hukunci, wanda ya haifar da hukuncin da ya kai shekara ɗaya zuwa biyu. Kotuna na jihohi da na gida sun dakatar da hukuncin da aka yanke wa masu fataucin mutane biyu a cikin shekara ta 2009, raguwa mai ban sha'awa daga hukuncin da aka dakatar 14 a cikin shekara.

A karkashin dokar Bosnia, yawancin masu laifi da aka yanke musu hukunci sun cancanci hutu karshen mako daga kurkuku; saboda haka, ana iya sakin wasu masu fataucin mutane da aka yanke wa hukunci a cikin 2009 a karshen mako, suna haifar da haɗari ga wadanda aka azabtar. Akwai ci gaba da rahotanni na 'yan sanda da sauran jami'ai na sauƙaƙe fataucin mutane, gami da yin watsi da gangan ko kare masu fataucin kaya ko masu cin zarafin wadanda ke fama da fataucin don biyan kuɗi. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2010, gwamnati ta kama mutane 16 da ake zargi, ciki har da mataimakin magajin gari na Srebrenica, Jami'an addini na gida, jami'in makaranta, da Jami'an 'yan sanda saboda zargin da suke da hannu a fataucin da kuma tilasta karuwanci na yarinya Roma. Gwamnati ta ba da rahoton cewa an saki duk wadanda ake zargi kwanaki biyu bayan kama su, suna mai nuna rashin isasshen shaida don tsare su. An kuma yi wa Ministan Tsaro na Jiha tambayoyi a matsayin wanda ake zargi. Binciken ya ci gaba. An saki jami'an gida biyu da ke karkashin bincike da Mai gabatar da kara na Jiha game da shigarsu a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2007 a cikin tilasta karuwanci na yara uku daga tsare a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 2009. A shekara ta 2010 gwamnati har yanzu ba ta yanke wa duk wani jami'in gwamnati hukunci ba saboda hadin kai da ke da alaƙa da fataucin mutane.

## Manazarta