Cinikin mutane a Brazil

**[[Safarar Mutane|Cinikin mutane]] a Brazil** matsala ce mai gudana. Brazil ƙasa ce mai tushe ga maza, mata, 'yan mata, da yara maza da ke fuskantar fataucin mutane, musamman tilasta karuwanci a cikin ƙasar da ƙasashen waje, da kuma ƙasa mai tushe don maza da yara maza a cikin aikin tilas a cikin ƙasar. Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Amurka, ta bayyana fataucin mutane a matsayin "amfani da karfi, zamba, ko tilastawa don samun wani nau'in aiki ko aikin jima'i na kasuwanci".

Cinikin mutane wani cin zarafin ƴancin ɗan adam ne da aka yi wa dokar kaysa da ƙasa. Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don Kulawa da Yaki da Cin Hanci da Kasuwanci a cikin Mutane ya sanya kasar a cikin "Tier 2" a cikin 2017. Kasar da aka kimanta a matsayin kasa ta Tier 2 tana nufin cewa takamaiman ƙasar ba ta cika cikakkiyar tsammanin da aka saita wa ƙasashe ta Dokar Kare Wadanda ke Cin Hanci da rashawa ta 2000, amma suna yin ƙoƙari sosai don saduwa da ka'idodin bin doka.

## Cinikin jima'i
A cewar Ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Magunguna da Laifuka, fataucin jima'i na mata na Brazil yana faruwa a kowace jiha ta Brazil da gundumar tarayya. Cinikin jima'i shine "karɓar, tashar jiragen ruwa, sufuri, tanadi, samun, tallafawa, ko neman mutum don dalilai na jima'i na kasuwanci, wanda ake haifar da jima'i ta hanyar karfi, zamba, ko tilasta ... "  Ana samun mata da yara da yawa na Brazil, da yawa daga jihar Goiás, a cikin karuwanci na tilas a kasashen waje, sau da yawa a Spain, Italiya, Portugal, Ingila, Netherlands, Switzerland, Faransa, Jamus, da Amurka, amma har zuwa nesa har zuwa Japan. Hukumomin Brazil sun gano shaidar cewa kungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka na kasashen waje, musamman daga Rasha da Spain, suna da hannu a fataucin mata na Brazil. Mata masu canza launin fata sune yawan mutanen da ke fama da fataucin mutane a Brazil, saboda wani bangare na yawan mutanen da suka riga sun kasance a masana'antar jima'i ta kasuwanci. Akwai shaidar cewa wasu 'yan Brazil masu canza jima'i sun kasance cikin tilasta karuwanci a kasashen waje. Mata da yara na Brazil suma suna fuskantar karuwanci a kasashe makwabta kamar Argentina, Suriname, Guiana ta Faransa, Venezuela, da Paraguay. Har zuwa ƙarami, an gano mata daga ƙasashe makwabta a cikin bautar jima'i a Brazil. A lokuta na fataucin jima'i zuwa da kuma cikin Brazil, ya zama ruwan dare ga masu fataucin mutane su motsa mutanen da aka azabtar daga jihohin da suka fi talauci, yankunan karkara, zuwa yankunan da suka fi arziki, yankunan birni. Wannan yunkurin ya samo asali ne daga masu yawon bude ido na jima'i na yara, mutane da ke zuwa Brazil don amfani da ka'idojin da suka fi sauƙi da kuma sauƙin samun dama ga wadanda abin ya shafa. Masu yawon bude ido na jima'i na yara da ke zuwa Brazil galibi, daga Turai ne.

## Aikin bayi
A ƙarƙashin dokar Brazil, kalmar "trabalho escravo", ko *"aikin bawa"*, na iya nuna aikin tilas ko aikin da aka yi a lokacin kwanakin aiki masu gajiyarwa ko kuma a cikin yanayin aiki. Fiye da maza 25,000 na Brazil suna aiki a matsayin bayi a cikin ƙasar, yawanci a kan ranches na shanu, katako da sansanonin hakar ma'adinai, gonakin sukari, da manyan gonaki da ke samar da masara, auduga, soya, da gawayi. An gano wasu yara maza a matsayin ma'aikatan bayi a kiwon shanu, hakar ma'adinai, da kuma samar da gawayi. Wadanda aka tilasta wa ma'aikata galibi ana janye su da alkawuran albashin mai kyau daga masu daukar ma'aikata na cikin gida - wanda aka sani da "gatos" - a cikin yankunan karkara na arewa maso gabas zuwa wuraren ciki inda yawancin waɗanda abin ya shafa ke fuskantar bautar bashi.

Yawancin ma'aikatan tilas da aka yi fataucin su a cikin gida sun samo asali ne daga jihohin Maranhão da Piauí, yayin da jihohin Pará da Mato Grosso suka sami mafi yawan ma'aikatan bayi da aka yi amfani da su a cikin ciki. Ana kuma samun wadanda ke fama da fataucin ma'aikata a cikin Cerrado, dajin Atlantic, da Pantanal. Yara a cikin bautar gida ba tare da son rai ba, musamman ma wadanda suka shafi 'yan mata matasa, suma matsala ce a ƙasar.

Wani binciken da Ma'aikatar Aiki ta Amurka ta yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa Brazil har yanzu tana daukar yara aiki mafi yawa a bangaren noma, da kuma masana'antun hakar ma'adinai da masana'antu tare da jimlar kayayyaki 16. Kungiyar Ma'aikata ta Duniya ta kiyasta cewa a cikin 2014, aikin tilas ya samar da dala biliyan 150 a cikin riba ta duniya.

## Brazil a matsayin makoma
Har zuwa ƙarami, Brazil ita ce makoma ga fataucin maza, mata, da yara daga Bolivia, Lebanon, Bangladesh, Paraguay, China da ƙasashen Afirka don tilasta aiki a masana'antun tufafi da wuraren sayar da tufafi a cikin manyan birane kamar São Paulo. An tilasta wa 'yan gudun hijira na Afirka, Larabawa da Bangladesh yin aiki a masana'antun kaza na halal a Paraná, Santa Catarina, da Rio Grande do Sul. Yawon shakatawa na jima'i na yara ya kasance matsala mai tsanani, musamman a wuraren shakatawa da yankunan bakin teku a arewa maso gabashin Brazil. Masu yawon bude ido na jima'i na yara yawanci suna zuwa daga Turai kuma, zuwa ƙarami, Amurka.

## Shari'a
Gwamnatin Brazil ta ci gaba da kokarin tilasta bin doka don fuskantar laifukan fataucin mutane a cikin shekarar da ta gabata. Dokokin Brazil sun haramta yawancin nau'ikan fataucin mutane. Dokar 12.015, wacce ta fara aiki a watan Agustan shekara ta 2009, ta yi gyare-gyare ga Sashe na 231 da 231-A na dokar azabtarwa ta Brazil don ƙarfafa hukunci ga masu aikata laifuka na fataucin jima'i. Sashe na 231 da 231-A sun haramta ingantawa ko sauƙaƙe motsi zuwa, daga, ko a cikin ƙasar don dalilai na karuwanci ko wasu nau'ikan cin zarafin jima'i, suna ba da hukuncin shekaru uku zuwa takwas. Ana iya ƙara hukuncin zuwa shekaru 12 lokacin da ake amfani da tashin hankali, barazana, ko zamba, ko kuma idan wanda aka azabtar yaro ne. Hukunce-hukuncen da ke sama sun isa kuma sun dace da waɗanda aka tsara don wasu manyan laifuka, kamar fyade. Wadannan dokoki sun hada da ayyukan da ba su zama fataucin mutane ba, duk da haka, kamar su smuggling ko motsi don manufar karuwanci.

## Manazarta