open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Laburaren Kasar Kamaru

**Laburaren Ƙasa na Kamaru,** shine ɗakin karatu na ƙasar Kamaru (*Bibliothèque nationale du Cameroun*). An kafa shi a cikin shekarar 1966 kuma yana cikin Yaoundé. 

A cewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ya zuwa shekarar 2010 kusan kashi 71 cikin 100 na manya 'yan Kamaru sun yi karatu. 

## Duba kuma

* Adabin Kamaru
* Taskar kasa ta Kamaru
* Jerin dakunan karatu na kasa

## Manazarta

## Bibliography
.Marcel Lajeunesse, ed. (2008). "Cameroun". Les Bibliothèques nationales de la francophonie (PDF) (in French) (3rd ed.). Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. OCLC 401164333.

.Charles Kamdem Poeghela (2011). "Où en seront les bibliothèques camerounaises dans dix ans?". Bulletin des bibliothèques de France (6). . (Brief mention of the library in national
context)
Adabin Kamaru

Adabi na Kamaru adabi ne daga Kamaru, wanda ya haɗa da adabi cikin Faransanci, Ingilishi da harsunan asali.

## Dubawa
Marubuta na zamanin mulkin mallaka irin su Louis-Marie Pouka da Sankie Maimo sun sami ilimi daga ƙungiyoyin mishan na Turai kuma sun ba da shawarar shigar da al'adun Turai a matsayin hanyar kawo Kamaru cikin duniyar zamani.  Jean-Louis Njemba Medu marubucin majagaba ne wanda ya wallafa labarin almarar kimiyya *[[Nnanga Kon]]* a cikin yaren Bulu a farkon 1932. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, marubuta irin su Mongo Beti da Ferdinand Oyono sun yi nazari tare da sukar mulkin mallaka da kuma kin amincewa.    Sauran tsofaffin marubutan sun haɗa da Guillaume Oyônô Mbia, Mbella Sonne Dipoko, Francis Bebey, René Philombé da kenjo Jumbam.

Wasu marubutan da suka yi fice sun hada da Marcien Towa, Imbolo Mbue, Patrice Nganang, Calixthe Beyala, Bate Besong, Gaston-Paul Effa, Werewere Liking, Ba'bila Mutia, John Nkemngong Nkengasong, Bole Butake, Leonora Li Nyamnu T. Francis da Francis T. Ason.  

A cikin shekarar 2014, Imbolo Mbue ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dala miliyan tare da Gidan Random don rubutunta na farko. Littafin labari mai suna *Ga Masu Mafarki* ya biyo bayan irin wahalar da wani ɗan ƙasar Kamaru ɗan ƙaura da wani jami'in zartarwa na Lehman Brothers suka yi a lokacin rikicin kuɗi na 2008.  

## lambobin yabo na adabi
Kyaututtukan adabi na kasa da kasa da Ingilishi da na Faransanci, Grand Prix of Literary Associations (GPLA), an ƙaddamar da su a Kamaru a cikin shekarar 2013,  kuma har zuwa yau sune manyan lambobin yabo na adabi a Kamaru. Sun riga sun ba da gudummawa don buɗewa ko tabbatar da mawallafa masu hazaka da yawa, irin su Eric Mendi, sau biyu mai nasara a cikin Belles-Letters Category,  Charles Salé, Fiston Mwanza Mujila,  Felwine Sarr,  da suna kaɗan. Har ila yau GPLA ta ba da girmamawa ga marubutan da suka mutu ta hanyar *Grand prix de la mémoire*, wanda aka ba shi ga marigayi marubucin Kamaru Sankie Maimo a cikin wallafa ta ƙarshe (GPLA 2016). 

## Manazarta
Laburaren kasa na Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo

**Laburaren Ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Kwango** ( ) yana cikin Kinshasa kuma an kafa shi a cikin shekarar 1974 a matsayin ofishi a cikin Ma'aikatar Al'adu da Fasaha. A shekarar 1989, ya zama mai cin gashin kansa a karkashin umarnin shugaban kasa. 

A cikin shekarar 2009, Laburaren ya sami shirin $15 miliyan daga Model Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Jami'ar Chicago da UNESCO don sabunta kayan aiki, horar da membobin ma'aikata da siyan sabbin fasaha da kayayyaki.  Duk da cewa dakin karatu na dauke da hotunan tarihi sama da dubu bakwai na tarihin siyasa da al'adun kasar, kashi 25% ne kawai aka duba sakamakon karancin kayan aiki. 
 

## Manazarta

## Bibliography

* Marcel Lajeunesse, ed. (2008). "République démocratique du Congo". Les Bibliothèques nationales de la francophonie (PDF) (in French) (3rd ed.). Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. OCLC 401164333.
Gidan Ilimi

**Gidan Ilimi** ( ) tsohuwar jami'a ce ta Halifancin Fatimid, (Masar ta yau), wacce aka gina ta a shekara ta 1004 a matsayin ɗakin karatu kuma Fatimid Imam-Khalifa al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah ya mayar da ita jami'ar jihar a wannan shekarar. 

Masanin tarihi na ƙarni na 15 al-Maqrizi ya rubuta cewa “Majalisar hikimar da ke birnin Alkahira ba ta bude kofofinta ga jama’a ba sai kafin a yi wa jama’a kayan aiki, da ado da kawata dukkan kofofi da madogara, kuma an naɗa bayi da yawa. Kuma adadin ɗakunan ajiya a cikin kabadiyoyi arba'in, kowane ɗayansu zai iya ɗaukar littattafai kusan dubu goma sha takwas. Kuma (akwatunan) sun kasance a buɗe, kuma littattafai suna isa ga kowa. Kuma wanda yake son littafi, to littafin yana iya samunsa cikin sauki. Idan ba za a iya samun littafi da kansa ba, mutum na iya neman taimakon ma’aikatan da aka ɗauka.”

Dangane da al'adar ilimi ta Musulunci, Fatimidawa sun tattara litattafai da suka shafi fannoni daban-daban kuma dakunan karatu sun ja hankalin malamai daga sassan duniya. Imam-Khalifa al-Hakim ya kasance babban majibincin ilimi kuma ya samar da takarda da alkalami da tawada ba tare da caji ba ga duk mai son yin karatu a wurin. 

## Duba kuma

* Gidan Hikima
* Mu'ayyad fid-Din al-Shirazi
* Laburare na Alexandria
* Jami'ar Al-Azhar
* Madrasah
* Nalanda
* Takashila
* Fatimid Manyan Fada

## Manazarta
Taskokin Tarihi da Laburare na Habasha

**Taskokin Tarihi da Laburare na [[Itofiya|Habasha]]**, dake Addis Ababa, ita ce ɗakin karatu na ƙasa da ma'ajiya na ƙasar. Sarkin sarakuna Haile Selassie ne ya buɗe ɗakin karatu a cikin shekarar 1944 kuma ya fara hidima da littattafan da sarki ya bayar. 

## Dubawa
A shekara ta 1976, shela mai lamba 50/76 ta ba wa ɗakin karatu ’yancin tattara kwafi uku na kowane abu da aka buga a ƙasar.A cikin shekarar 1999, an sake kafa ɗakin karatu ta  lamba. 179.1999 a matsayin cibiyar kasa, wanda ya haifar da sauye-sauyen tsari da manufa ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu da ɗakunan ajiya na ƙasa biyar a Afirka nan da 2020.  A halin yanzu sashin ne na ma'aikatar al'adu da yawon shakatawa.

An kafa rumbun adana bayanan ne a shekarar 1979, kuma tarinsa ya hada da tsoffin rubuce-rubucen rubuce-rubucen tarihi da aka rubuta tun farkon karni na 14 da 15. Ya fara aiki tare da ɗakunan ajiya daga Ma'aikatar Babban Fada, Fadar Yarima Mai Jiran Gado, da sauransu. Rubutun ya ƙunshi wasiƙun da sarakuna da dauloli da 'ya 'yan sarakuna da yawa suka rubuta.

## Manazarta
Sauyin yanayi a Aljeriya

**Sauyin yanayi a Aljeriya,** yana da matuƙar tasiri ga kasar. Aljeriya ba ta kasance mai bada gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga sauyin yanayi ba,  amma, kamar sauran ƙasashe a yankin MENA, ana sa ran za ta kasance cikin waɗanda tasirin sauyin yanayi ya fi shafa. Saboda babban yanki na ƙasar ya riga ya kasance cikin yanayi mai zafi da ƙazamin yanayi, gami da wani yanki na hamadar sahara, tuni ana sa ran ƙalubalen zafi da ƙalubalen samar da ruwa za suyi muni.  Tun a shekarar 2014, masana kimiyya sun danganta tsananin zafi da sauyin yanayi a ƙasar Aljeriya.  Aljeriya ta kasance ta 46 a cikin ƙasashe a cikin shekarar 2020 na ayyukan canjin yanayi . 

## Tushen gas na Greenhouse

Algeriya ƙasa ce mai fitar da iskar carbon dioxide: tana samar da tan 4.1 ga kowane mutum kamar na shekarar 2008, ƙasa da matsakaicin duniya a wancan lokacin.  A lokacin kashi 74% na fitar da su ya fito ne daga samar da makamashi . 

## Tasiri kan yanayin yanayi

### Zazzabi da canjin yanayi
 

### Albarkatun ruwa
A cewar bankin duniya Aljeriya ta cancanci a matsayin ƙasa mai karancin ruwa .  Bugu da ƙari, an riga an yi amfani da ruwan ƙasa fiye da kima. 

## Tasiri akan mutane

### Tasirin tattalin arziki

#### Noma
Ƙasar noma da ruwa sun rigaya suna fuskantar matsin lamba daga ayyukan ɗan Adam, da kwararowar hamada, zaizayar ƙasa, da asarar ciyayi.  Ana sa ran canjin yanayi zai hanzarta wannan tsari, wanda zai raunana ƙasa da bambancin halittu a filayen noma.  Ana sa ran kowane ɓangare na noman ƙasar zai shafa: misali ƙananan kiwo wanda ya zama ruwan dare gama-gari na noma, sai kara tsada yake yi, domin makiyayan na tona rijiyoyi su sayi abinci, maimakon kiwo.

## Ce rx

### Manufofi da dokoki
Yaya akai ne kenan? Dabarun farko da Aljeriya ta ƙirƙira, tun daga shekarar 2013, ta mayar da hankali ne kan fannoni hudu: ƙarfafa cibiyoyi, daidaitawa ga sauyin yanayi, rage fitar da iska na GHG da inganta ƙarfin ɗan Adam. 

Aljeriya ta bi sahun gaba wajen amincewa da yarjejeniyar Kyoto kuma ta amince da yarjejeniyar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan sauyin yanayi .  Koyaya, Fihirisar Ayyukan Canjin Yanayi na shekarar 2020 ya bayyana tsarin manufofinsu da cewa bai isa ya cimma burin 2°C ba. 

## Manazarta
Laburaren Bincike na George Padmore

**Laburaren Bincike na George Padmore** ɗakin karatu ne na jama'a a unguwar Osu a Accra, Ghana. Dokta Kwame Nkrumah ne ya gina shi don tunawa da George Padmore. An yi iƙirarin ita ce kawai ɗakin karatu da cibiyar bincike a Ghana da doka ta ba da izini don karɓar ajiya ta doka. An kuma yi iƙirarin cewa ɗakin karatu ya ba da izinin wallafa hoton bidiyo na ƙasar Ghana.  Laburaren yana da tarin tarin bayanai kan kungiyoyin yakin al'adu, ilimi da siyasa, ƙasidu, mujallu, jaridu, littattafai da wallafe-wallafen ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa da masu adawa da wariyar launin fata a tsakanin shekarun 1960 da 1990.    A cikin watan Agusta 2018, Daniel Salem mai bincike na PhD a cikin aikin Majalisar Binciken Turai APARTHEID-STOPS, ya ba da fosta a madadin aikin ga ɗakin karatu.  An gina shi a ranar 30 ga watan Yuni 1961.  Laburaren yana gudanar da tsarin lambobi na duniya kamar ISBN da ISSN. Yana daga cikin Hukumar Kula da Laburare ta Ghana. 

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* George Padmore Research Library akan YouTube .
* George Padmore Research Library on Facebook

## Manazarta
Mandraka Dam

**Dam din Mandraka Dam** dam ne mai nauyi a kan kogin Mandraka kusa da Mandraka a yankin Analamanga na ƙasar Madagascar. Kamfanin Faransa ne ya gina dam ɗin a shekarar 1956 kuma ya ƙirƙiro tafkin Mandraka . 

## Tashar wutar Mandraka
Dam din yana samar da ruwa ga  tashar wutar lantarki  zuwa gabas, ƙasa a cikin kwari. Canjin tsayi tsakanin madatsar ruwa da tashar wutar lantarki yana ba da shugaban injin ruwa a kan  .   Jirama ne ke sarrafa madatsar ruwa da tashar wutar lantarki da  Pelton turbine -generators aka ba da izini tsakanin shekarar 1958 da ta 1972.

## Duba kuma

* Dam Mantasoa - yana daidaita kwararar ruwa zuwa Dam na Mandraka

## Manazarta
Andekaleka Dam

**Dam na Andekaleka Dam,** dam ne mai nauyi a kogin Vohitra kusa da Andekaleka a gabashin Madagascar . Babban manufar dam ɗin shi ne samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa kuma yana karkatar da ruwa daga gabashin Vohitra zuwa  rami na kan hanya inda ya kai  tashar wutar lantarki ta ƙarƙashin ƙasa . Bayan da ruwa ya yi cajin injin injin injin injin, ya yi tafiyar  rami mai wulakanci kafin ya sake shiga kogin Vohitra. Rage tsayin daka tsakanin madatsar ruwa da tashar wutar lantarki yana ba da shugaban injin hydraulic na  . Bankin Duniya ne ya ɗauki nauyin gina madatsar ruwa da tashar wutar lantarki a kan kuɗi dalar Amurka miliyan 142.1. An gina shi tsakanin shekarar 1978 zuwa ta 1982.  Tashar wutar na iya ɗaukar janareta har guda huɗu. Biyu na farko sun fara aiki a cikin shekarar 1982 kuma na uku a cikin shekarar 2012.   Generator ɗaya da biyu mai masaukin baki Vevey da Jeumont turbines yayin da na uku ke yin ta HEC.    Dukkansu suna amfani da injin turbines na Francis  wanda yawanci ke tashi daga 10 zuwa 700MW  kuma tare da kan ruwa yana aiki daga mita 10 zuwa 600 

## Wuta
A ranar 02 ga watan Janairun 2022 gobara ta tashi a tashar wutar lantarki. Wannan ya haifar da baƙar fata da yawa a Antananarivo da kewaye. Rukunin wutar lantarki za su sake yin aiki a tsakiyar watan Yunin 2022. 

## Manazarta
Laburare Na Ƙasar Guinea-Bissau

**Biblioteca Pública do INEP** ita ce ɗakin karatu na ƙasar Guinea-Bissau kuma tana a cikin Bissau.   Hakanan ita ce babbar ɗakin karatu na jama'a a ƙasar kuma tana aiki azaman ɗakin karatu na *Universidade Amílcar* Cabral.

## Tarihi
An kafa ta a cikin shekarar 1984 kuma ta gaji kundin ɗakin karatu na ɗakin karatu na mulkin mallaka a Guinea *Portuguese*. 

Tana daga cikin Cibiyar Bincike ta Kasa *Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisa* (INEP). 

An buɗe ɗakin karatu *na kusurwar [[Amurka ta Kudu|Amurka]]* a INEP a cikin shekarar 2011. Tare da ofishin jakadancinta na gaba a Dakar, Senegal, ita ce kawai kasancewar jama'ar Amurka a cikin ƙasar. 

Manyan al'adun gargajiya na Guinea-Bissau, an haɗa su tare a wannan ɗakin karatu na farko na ƙasar.

A halin yanzu, aikin ƙididdigewa da shirin horo na CPLP yana goyan bayan adana takardu da kasida ta lantarki.

## Duba kuma

* Arquivos Históricos Nacionais da República da Guiné-Bissau
* Jerin dakunan karatu na kasa

## Manazarta
Dajin Al'ummar Dutsen Mbe

Garin ***Mbe Mountains Community Forest*** yana cikin kudancin Najeriya, kuma yana rufe kilomita 862.

Hawan zuwa tsawo na 900m Dutsen Mbe muhimmiyar tushe ce ga gorilla Gorilla Gorilla diehli mai haɗari na Cross River, da kuma wasu nau'o'i na musamman kamar su chimpanzee Pan troglodytes ellioti na Najeriya-Kamaru, drill Mandrillus leucophaeus, da kuma Picathartes oreas mai launin toka. Duwatsun Mbe suna kewaye da al'ummomi tara tare da jimlar yawan jama'a kusan 10,000.

## Gidan zane

File:Mbe mountains community forest.jpg|Na ban mamaki daga 'Gorilla rock' daya daga cikin mafi girman maki akan tudu.  Fadada dazuzzuka ya taso daga Cross River zuwa gandun dajin Takamanda, Kamaru
File:Mbe mountains.jpg|Wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a cikin al'umma da ke makwabtaka da dutsen

File:Obueis camp.jpg|Alamar sansanin WCS Ranger a gindin dutsen, mai suna bayan wani tsohon mafarauci wanda ya fara yada zango a wurin.


## Bayani
Laburare Na Ƙasar Ivory Coast

**Laburare na ƙasar  Ivory Coast** () yana cikin Abidjan, Ivory Coast.  

An rufe shi a cikin shekarar 2006 saboda rashin kuɗi kuma sabuwar ƙungiyar da Adjiman Nandoh Chantal ke jagoranta tana aiki tun a watan Fabrairu 2008 kuma tana da niyyar dawo da sabunta cibiyar. Tun daga watan Oktoba 2009, 85% na ginin har yanzu yana rufe. Sashen da ake da shi kawai shine Sashen Yara, wanda a ka buɗe baya a cikin shekarar 2008 godiya ga kamfanin Mitsubishi (cost). : 31.492.000 CFA Franc) 

## Manazarta
Dakunan karatu a Lesotho

Tun daga shekarar 2013, kasa Lesotho ta ƙunshi manyan ɗakunan karatu guda uku: Laburaren Ƙasa, Laburarin Thomas Mofolo da Taskar Tarihi naƘasar a Jami'ar Lesotho,  da Morija Museum&amp;amp;Archives,  ko da yake akwai kewayon "ilimi da bincike. dakunan karatu, cibiyoyin tattara bayanai, dakunan karatu na makaranta, dakunan karatu na musamman, dakunan karatu na jama'a da tsarin sabis na laburare na ƙasa". 

Laburaren Ƙasa na Lesotho yana cikin babban birnin ƙasar Maseru, kuma yana da tarin littattafai kusan 88,000 a cikin shekarar 2007.  Laburarin Thomas Mofolo, dake cikin Jami'ar Lesotho, a ƙauyen Roma, kusan 34&nbsp;km daga Maseru,  ya fi girma, tare da tarin kusan juzu'i 170,000 kamar na 2007.  Taskokin Tarihi na ƙasa suna cikin ginshiƙin ɗakin karatu a Jami'ar Lesotho. Sun ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa, gami da jaridun da aka rubuta tun farkon ƙarni na 20 da kusan cikakkun tarin rahotannin Mulkin mallaka na shekara-shekara na Basutoland. Dukansu ɗakunan karatu na ƙasa da ɗakunan ajiya an haɓaka su a cikin 2005 lokacin da Sinawa suka saka hannun jari a cikinsu. Ko da yake an yi asarar takardun kotu da yawa, muhimman abubuwa daga lokacin mulkin mallaka sun rage.  Ƙungiyar Laburare ta Lesotho ta ba da shawarar Bayar da Deposit na doka a kusan 1987, amma har zuwa 1999 ba a ƙirƙira shi ba. 

Tarin Morija ya ƙunshi tarin takardu na mulkin mallaka da jaridu daga Basutoland, gami da bugu na farko na jaridar *[[Naledi (newspaper)|Naledi]]*, da takaddun ayyukan Majalisar Basutoland National Council da rahotannin mulkin mallaka na shekara-shekara. da Paris Evangelical Mission Society. 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin ɗakunan karatu na ƙasa

## Manazarta
Laburaren Ƙasar Libya

**Laburare na ƙasa na Libya** ( ) ɗakin karatu ne na ƙasar Libya, wanda yake a Benghazi. Yana ɗauke da juzu'i 150,000.  Ma'aikacin ɗakin karatu na ƙasa shi ne Mohamed A Eshoweihde.

## Tarihi
An kafa ɗakin karatu na ƙasa a cikin shekarar 1972, kuma yana ɗauke da littattafai da wallafe-wallafen kimiyya, kasidu da na lokaci-lokaci na gida. Ya ƙunshi litattafai da ba a cika samun rahotannin hukumomin gwamnati ba, da kuma takardun adana kayan tarihi waɗanda suka yi shekaru da yawa. 

## Duba kuma

* Taskokin Tarihi na Libiya
* Jerin ɗakunan karatu na ƙasa da na jaha

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* National Library of Libya
Laburaren Ƙasar Madagascar

**Laburare na ƙasa na Madagascar** (*Bibliothèque nationale de Madagascar* ) babban ɗakin karatu ne na ƙasar Madagascar.  An kafa shi a cikin shekarar 1961 kuma yana cikin Antananarivo. 

## Duba kuma

* National Archives na Madagascar
* Jerin dakunan karatu na kasa

## Manazarta

## Bibliography

* Marcel Lajeunesse, ed. (2008). "Madagascar". Les Bibliothèques nationales de la francophonie (PDF) (in French) (3rd ed.). Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec .OCLC 401164333 .  

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* OCLC Duniya. Bibliothèque na ƙasa (Jamhuriyar Malagasy)
Cibiyar Ahmed Baba

**Cibiyar Ahmed Baba**, a hukumance **Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Islamace ta Ahmed Baba**, ɗakin karatu ne da cibiyar bincike a Timbuktu. An kafa cibiyar a cikin shekarar 1973, tare da tallafin farko daga Kuwait.  An ba ta suna ne bayan masanin Timbuktu na ƙarni na 17 Ahmad Baba al Massufi. 

## Gine-gine
Wani masanin gine-ginen Afirka ta Kudu ne ya tsara ginin na yanzu kuma an kammala shi a shekarar 2009, wanda kudinta ya kai kusan Yuro miliyan 5.8.  Tana da fadin murabba'in mita 4,600 kuma ta haɗa da tsarin kwandishan don adana daidaitattun rubutun da aka ajiye a ciki, da kuma tsarin kashe gobara ta atomatik.  Ta maye gurbin wani gini mai shekaru 40 da ya ruguje. 

## Rubutun hannu
Cibiyar tana dauke da rubuce-rubuce kusan 20,000 da suka shafi tarihin Mali, gami da Tarikh al-Sudan. Yawancin rubuce-rubucen sun kasance daga ƙarni na 14 zuwa 16, kuma yawancin an rubuta su da Larabci amma wasu suna cikin harsunan gida, irin su Songhai, Tamashek da Bamanankan, ko ma a cikin mafi nisa, ɗaya kowanne cikin Baturke da Ibrananci, tare da batutuwa. wanda ya shafi likitanci, ilmin taurari, wakoki, adabi da shari'ar Musulunci.  

Ana ci gaba da aiwatar da shirin na ƙididdige rubuce-rubucen, wanda Norway da Luxembourg ke gudanarwa a ƙarƙashin kulawar UNESCO, tare da ɗan ƙarami kaɗan daga cikinsu da aka bincika tun daga watan Janairu 2013.  

## Konewa
A ranar 28 ga watan Janairun 2013, yayin da sojojin Mali karkashin jagorancin Faransa suka kwace filin jirgin saman Timbuktu, inda 'yan kishin Islamar Abzinawa da suka tsere suka kona ginin da suke amfani da shi a matsayin wurin kwana.  Kafin da kuma lokacin aikin, an adana fiye da Rubutun Timbuktu 300,000 daga Cibiyar da kuma daga ɗakunan karatu masu zaman kansu kuma an ƙaura zuwa wurare masu aminci. A cikin watan Yuli 2014 UNESCO ta shiga Cibiyar Ahmed Baba a cikin gaggawar neman taimakon kuɗi don adanawa, maido, da ƙididdige rubutun. 

## Manazarta
Charles Lindsay (dan siyasar Birtaniya)

Hon. **Charles Hugh Lindsay** CB (11 Nuwamba 1816 - 25 Maris 1889) sojan Burtaniya ne, kotu kuma ɗan siyasa mai ra'ayin mazan jiya.

## Fage

An haifi Lindsay a Muncaster Castle, ɗa na uku ga James Lindsay, 24th Earl na Crawford, da Hon. Maria, 'yar John Pennington, 1st Baron Muncaster. Hon. Sir James Lindsay shine babban yayansa.

## Rayuwar jama'a

Lindsay ya zauna a matsayin memba na Majalisar Abingdon tsakanin 1865 zuwa 1874. Ya kuma kasance Laftanar-Kanar a cikin Grenadier Guards kuma Kanar a St George's Rifle Regiment kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Groom-in-Waiting ga Sarauniya Victoria.

## Iyali
Lindsay ta auri Emilia Anne, ɗiyar Mai Girma Hon. Henry Montague Browne, Dean na Lismore, a shekarar 1851. Diyarsa Violet Lindsay ta kasance mai fasaha. Ta auri Henry Manners, Duke na 8 na Rutland kuma ita ce mahaifiyar Lady Diana Cooper. Emilia Anne ya mutu a Fabrairu 1873. Lindsay ta rayu da shi na tsawon shekaru 16 kuma ya mutu a watan Maris 1889 yana da shekaru 72.

## Manazarta

* Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Charles Lindsay
Laburaren Ƙasar Mauritaniya

**Bibliothèque Nationale de Mauritanie** (Turanci: National Library of Mauritania, Larabci: المكتبة الوطنية الموريتانية) (Hausa: Laburare na ƙasa na Mauritaniya) yana cikin Nouakchott, Mauritania a cikin ginin National Museum of Mauritania.  Laburaren yana da tarin juzu'i 10,000 kuma yana ɗaukar membobin ma'aikata 41.   Laburaren yana da rassa bakwai.

## Duba kuma

* Taskokin Tarihi na Ƙasa na Mauritania
* Jerin dakunan karatu na kasa

## Manazarta

## Bibliography

* Adam Heymowski [in Polish] (1965), Organisation de la Bibliothèque nationale de Mauritanie, Nouakchott (PDF) (in French), Paris: Unesco  
* Adam Heymowski (1972), Organisation de la Adam Heymowski (1972), Organisation de la Bibliothèque nationale de Mauritanie à  Adam Heymowski (1972), Organisation de la Bibliothèque nationale de Mauritanie àNouakchott: deuxieme mission (PDF) (in  Adam Heymowski (1972), Organisation de la Bibliothèque nationale de Mauritanie àNouakchott: deuxieme mission (PDF) (in French), Paris: Unesco 
* Marcel Lajeunesse, ed. (2008). "Mauritanie". Les Bibliothèques nationales de la francophonie (PDF) (in French) (3rd ed.). Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. OCLC 401164333 .
Laburare na ƙasa na Masarautar Morocco

**Laburare na ƙasa na Masarautar Morocco** (; Amazigh: ⵜⴰⵙⴷⵏ , a baya *Bibliothèque générale* da *Bibliothèque générale et Archives* ) yana cikin Rabat, Maroko tare da reshen sa a Tetouan.   Tsohon **Bibliothèque Générale** (General Library) an ƙirƙire sa  a cikin shekarar 1924. A cikin shekarar 2003, an sake masa suna "Bibliothèque nationale du Royaume du Maroc." 

## Tarihi
An kafa ɗakin karatu na farko na ƙasar Maroko a cikin shekarar alif dari tara da ashirin da shida 1924 ta Ma'aikatar Kariyar Faransa a Maroko. Bayan dahir (dokar sarauta) a cikin shekarar alif dari tara da ashirin da shida 1926, ta zama cibiyar jama'a. Muhammad Abu Khubza ɗan ƙasar Tétouan ne ya rubuta katalojin ɗakin karatu na reshen wannan birni a cikin shekarar 1984. 

Gine-gine na yanzu a Rabat-Agdal an tsara shi ta hanyar gine-ginen Rachid Andaloussi da Abdelouahed Mountassir na Casablanca kuma Sarki Mohammed VI ne suka kaddamar a ranar 15 ga watan Oktoba 2008.  Ƙarfafawa daga filin minare na gine-ginen gargajiya na Moroko, ginin ya gina wani babban gini tare da hasumiya kusa da shi, wanda aka sama da rufin gilashi kuma an yi masa ado da zane -zane na Larabci na zamani. Hakanan akwai fili mai faɗi da sauran wurare na waje don wasan kwaikwayo na al'adu da abubuwan da suka faru.

## Duba kuma

* Archives du Maroc, in Rabat
* Jerin dakunan karatu na kasa

## Manazarta
Gidan Kayan Tarihi na Ƙasar Namibiya

**Gidan tarihi na kasa na Namibiya** gidan kayan gargajiya ne na tarihi da na dabbobi a Windhoek, babban birnin Namibiya. Ma'aikatar Ilimi, Fasaha da Al'adu ta gwamnatin Namibiya ce ke tafiyar da ita.

## Bayanin Wuri

Gidan kayan tarihi na ƙasa yana da masauki a wurare daban-daban guda uku a tsakiyar Windhoek. *Cibiyar Nuni ta Owela* (bayan wasan allo na Owela) tana da tarin tarin dabbobi da na kimiyya gabaɗaya. Yana cikin titin Lüderitz, ya raba gini tare da Laburaren Jama'a na Windhoek.    ginin 1958 ya lalace, kuma an rufe gidan kayan tarihi *na Owela.* 

*Gidan kayan tarihi na Alte Feste* yana ba da tarin tarihi. An saukar da shi a Alte Feste (English:) gini a titin Robert Mugabe, kusa da gidan tarihi na tunawa da Independence Memorial. Gudanar da Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa da ɗakin karatu na Ƙasa, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1963, suna kuma kan titin Robert Mugabe, daura da *Alte Feste*.    An rufe *Alte Feste* kuma yana buƙatar gyara cikin gaggawa.  An shirya mayar da ginin zuwa cibiyar fasaha, fasaha, da al'adun gargajiya. 

## Tarihi
Gwamnatin Jamus ta Imperial Jamus ta Afirka ta Kudu ta kafa gidan kayan gargajiya a cikin shekarar 1907. Ana kiran shi *Landesmuseum* (English). A cikin shekarar 1925, tare da yankin yanzu a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu, gidan kayan tarihin an sake masa suna *gidan kayan gargajiya na Afirka ta Kudu maso Yamma*. An mayar da alhakin gidan kayan gargajiya ga gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta Kudu maso yammacin Afirka a shekarar 1957, kuma sunan ya canza zuwa *gidan kayan gargajiya na Jiha*. Bayan Namibiya ta samu 'yancin kai a shekarar 1990 gwamnatin Namibiya ce ke gudanar da ita, kuma a cikin shekarar 1994 an canza sunan zuwa *National Museum of Namibia*. 

## Manazarta
Tashar wutar lantarki ta Antelomita Hydroelectric

**Tashar wutar lantarki ta Antelomita Hydroelectric** tana a cikin gundumar karkara a Anjeva Gara na yankin Analamanga, ƙasar Madagascar . Tashar wutar lantarki ta ƙunshi sassa biyu, Antelomita I da II. Dukkaninsu suna dab da juna ne a kan magudanar ruwa daban-daban tare da kogin Ikopa . Kowanne zubar ruwa yana datsewa kuma ana karkatar da ruwa zuwa tashar wutar lantarki; kowanne daga cikinsu yana ɗauke da  janareta. Biyu na farko an ba da izini a cikin  shekarar 1930, na biyu a cikin shekarar 1952 da biyu na ƙarshe a cikin shekarar 1953. Duk matakan biyu suna da ƙarfin shigar da ke cikin  . Kamfanin Faransa ne ya gina su amma yanzu Jirama ne kuma ke tafiyar da su. Tsiazompaniry da Mantasoa Dams na sama suna tsara ruwa zuwa tashar wutar lantarki.

Yana cin nisa na 48&nbsp;km Kudu-Gabas daga Antananarivo, 10&nbsp;km Gabas da Anjeva Gara da 14&nbsp;km daga Ambohimanambola . 

## Manazarta
Laburaren Ƙasar Mali

**Laburare na ƙasa na  Mali** () yana cikin Bamako, Mali.  

A cikin shekarar 1938, an kafa *Institut Français d'Afrique Noire* (IFAN) don nazarin harshe, tarihi, da al'adun mutanen da ke ƙarƙashin mulkin mallaka na Faransa a Afirka.  Bayan da Mali ta samu ‘yancin kai a shekarar 1960, a shekarar 1962 gwamnatin Mali ta sauya sunan Cibiyar IFAN da ke Bamako zuwa *Institut des Sciences Humaines* (Institute of Human Sciences)   ko kuma Cibiyar Nazarin Bil Adama ta Mali.  Tarin ɗakunan karatu na ƙasar Mali, ma'ajiyar adana kayan tarihi da kayan tarihi na ƙasa duk za a gaji daga IFAN.  A ranar 29 ga watan Fabrairu 1968, an canja wurin ɗakin karatu daga Koulouba zuwa Avenue Kasse Keita a Ouolofobougou, wani yanki na Bamako.  Wata doka ta ranar 17 ga watan Maris 1984 ta kirkiri  Laburaren Ƙasa. 

Darakta ne ke jagorantar ta, wanda Daraktan fasaha da al'adu na kasa ya nada.  Tsohon ya zaɓi shugabannin sassa biyar waɗanda kowannensu ke da alhakin ɗayan sassan ɗakin karatu: Kataloji da Rubutun Littafi Mai Tsarki; Rarraba Na lokaci-lokaci da Takardu; Sashen Lamuni da Bayani; Saye-saye, Gudanarwa, da Sashen Adadin Kuɗi na Shari'a; da Rukunin Dauri da Maidowa.  Tun daga 1989, ma'aikatan ɗakin karatu sun ƙidaya 28, mata 16 da maza 12. 

Littattafai da na yau da kullun suna samuwa kyauta ga jama'a don kallo a cikin gida, kodayake ana iya samun gatan aro ta zama mai rijistar kati.  A cewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ya zuwa shekarar 2015 kusan kashi 33 cikin 100 na manya 'yan kasar Mali na iya karatu. 

Laburaren yana karbar bakuncin wasu abubuwan nunin gamuwa da Hotuna na Afirka, bikin daukar hoto na Bamako na shekara-shekara. 

## Duba kuma

* Hanyar Nationale des Archives du Mali

## Manazarta
Zaben Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2001

An gudanar da **zaɓen Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na shekara ta 2001** a ranar 8 ga watan Oktoban 2001 a hedkwatar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da ke birnin New York a lokacin taro na 56 na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta zaɓi wakilai biyar waɗanda ba na dindindin ba a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na wa'adin shekaru biyu wanda ya fara a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun 2002.

'Yan takara biyar da aka zaɓa su ne Bulgaria, Kamaru, Guinea, Mexico, da kuma Syria .

## Rarraba yanki
Dangane da ƙa'idojin babban taron na rabon ƙasa da ƙasa na mambobin kwamitin sulhun da ba na dindindin ba, da aiwatar da aiki, an zaɓi mambobin kamar haka: biyu daga Afirka, daya daga Asiya, daya daga Latin Amurka da Caribbean. Rukuni (GRULAC), kuma daya daga rukunin Gabashin Turai .

## 'Yan takara
An samu ‘yan takara bakwai a cikin kujeru biyar. A cikin rukunin Afirka da na Asiya, an sami 'yan takara uku don neman kujeru uku: Kamaru, Guinea, da Siriya. A rukunin Gabashin Turai, Belarus da Bulgaria sun fafata don neman kujera guda ɗaya. Daga jihohin GRULAC, Jamhuriyar Dominican da Mexiko sun yi takara don kujerun da ake da su.

## Sakamako
An ci gaba da kaɗa kuri'a ta hanyar jefa kuri'a a asirce. Ga kowace ƙungiya ta yanki, kowace ƙasa memba za ta iya zaɓar yawan 'yan takara waɗanda za a zaɓa. An samu ƙuri'u 178 a kowane zaɓuka uku.

### Rukuni A - Jihohin Afirka da Asiya (3 da za a zaba)

* Guinea 173
* Kamaru 172
* Syria 160
* Lalatattu 1

### Rukuni na B - Jihohin Latin Amurka da Caribbean (wanda za a zaba)

* Mexico 116
* Jamhuriyar Dominican 60
* Dominika 1
* Lalatattu 1

Zagaye Na Biyu

* Mexico 138
* Jamhuriyar Dominican 40

### Rukuni C — Rukunin Gabashin Turai (wanda za a zaɓa)

* Bulgaria 120
* Belarus 53

Yayin da Bulgaria ta doke Belarus, sannan Mexico ta doke Jamhuriyar Dominican a zagaye na biyu, sakamakon ƙarshe ya kasance kamar haka: An zabi Bulgaria, Kamaru, Guinea, Mexico, da Syria a kwamitin sulhu na shekaru biyu da ya fara daga ranar 1 ga Janairun 2002.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin sunayen mambobin kwamitin tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya
* Mexico da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya

## Manazarta

* Rikodin zaben a hukumance
* Takardun UN GA/9930
* Cibiyar Labarai ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya
Taron sauyin yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2001

**Taron sauyin yanayi na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na 2001** ya gudana daga ranar 29 ga watan Oktoba zuwa 10 ga watan Nuwambar 2001, a Marrakech, Morocco. Taron ya haɗa da taron ƙasashe karo na 7 (COP7) ga yarjejeniyar sauyin yanayi ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (UNFCCC). Masu sasantawar sun kammala aikin na Buenos Aires Plan of Action, tare da kammala mafi yawan cikakkun bayanai na aiki tare da kafa matakin ga ƙasashe don amincewa da yarjejeniyar Kyoto . Ƙunshi yanke shawara da aka kammala ana san shi da Yarjejeniyar Marrakech . Tawagar Amurka ta kiyaye matsayinta na masu sa ido, inda ta ƙi shiga tsaka mai wuya a tattaunawar. Sauran jam'iyyun sun ci gaba da bayyana fatan cewa Amurka za ta sake shiga cikin wannan tsari a wani lokaci kuma ta yi aiki don cimma amincewa da yarjejeniyar Kyoto da adadin da ake buƙata na ƙasashe don aiwatar da shi (ƙasashe 55 na buƙatar amincewa da shi, ciki har da waɗanda ya kai kashi 55% na fitar da iskar carbon dioxide a cikin shekarar 1990). An gabatar da ranar taron ƙoli na duniya kan ci gaba mai dorewa (Agusta-Satumbar 2002) a matsayin manufa don kawo karshen yarjejeniyar Kyoto. Za a gudanar da taron koli na duniya kan ci gaba mai dorewa (WSSD) a birnin Johannesburg na Afirka ta Kudu.

Babban yanke shawara a COP 7 sun haɗa da:

* Dokokin aiki don cinikin fitar da hayaki na duniya tsakanin sassan da ke cikin Yarjejeniyar da CDM da aiwatar da haɗin gwiwa;
* Tsarin bin doka wanda ya fayyace sakamakon gaza cimma manufofin fitar da hayaki amma aka mika shi ga ɓangarorin da ke cikin Yarjejeniyar, da zarar ta fara aiki, yanke shawara kan ko waɗannan sakamakon za su kasance da doka;
* Hanyoyin lissafin kuɗi don hanyoyin sassauci;
* Shawarar da za a yi la'akari da ita a COP 8 yadda za a cimma nasarar yin nazari kan isassun alƙawaran da ka iya haifar da tattaunawa kan alƙawaran da kasashe masu tasowa suka yi a nan gaba.
Laburaren Yanki Na Ohangwena

**Cibiyar Nazarin Yanki da Albarkatun Ohangwena** (ORSRC) babban ɗakin karatu ne na fasaha a tsakiyar Majalisar Garin Helao Nafidi.   Laburaren ya buɗe ƙofofinsa a cikin shekarar 2014, kuma shugaban ƙasar Namibiya na lokacin, Dokta Hifikepunye Pohamba ne ya buɗe shi a hukumance.

Laburare na ɗaya daga cikin ɗakunan karatu na yanki uku (sauran biyun suna cikin Oshakati, Oshana; da Gobabis, Omaheke). Wadannan dakunan karatu kuma ana kiran su da Cibiyar Nazarin Yanki da Albarkatun Jama'a (RSRCs), kuma Hukumar challenge Millennium (Asusun Namibia) ne ta tallafa musu da Naira miliyan 167. 

## Kudade
Wannan ɗakin karatu ya yiwu ta hanyar kudade daga Asusun Kalubale na Millennium tare da haɗin gwiwar National Library and Archive Services (NLAS), wani yanki na Ma'aikatar Ilimi, Arts da Al'adu (MoEAC).   

## Ayyuka
RSRC tana ba da ayyuka iri-iri tun daga horon kwamfuta da shirye-shiryen kasuwanci zuwa ayyukan bugu da wuraren karatu ga abokan ciniki daban-daban daga Yankin Ohangwena da kuma bayan.  

## Manazarta
Lafa (Exclosure)

**Lafa** wani yanki ne da ke *yankin* Dogu'a Tembien na yankin Tigray a ƙasar Habasha . An kiyaye yankin tun a shekarar 1988 ta al'ummar yankin. 

## Tsarin lokaci

* 1988: An kafa shi a zaman keɓancewa ta al'umma
* 2017: goyon bayan aikin EthioTrees

## Halayen muhalli

* Wuri: 45 ha
* Matsakaicin matsakaicin gangara: 41%
* Ɓangare: ficewar ya karkata zuwa kudu
* Mafi ƙarancin tsayi: 2008 mita
* Matsakaicin tsayi: mita 2088
* Lithology: Antalo Limestone

## Gudanarwa
A matsayinka na gaba ɗaya, ba a ba da izinin jeri shanu da girbin itace ba. Ana girbe ciyawa sau ɗaya a shekara kuma a kai su gidajen ƙauyen don ciyar da dabbobi. Akwai masu gadi guda biyu don kare abin da ke faruwa. Binciken da aka yi a filin ya nuna cewa duk da haka an samu wasu kiwo ba bisa ka'ida ba a cikin shekarar 2018. 

## Amfani ga al'umma
Keɓe irin waɗannan wuraren da suka dace da dogon hangen nesa na al'ummomin sun kasance an ware filayen *hiza'iti* don amfani da na gaba na gaba. Hakanan yana da fa'idodi kai tsaye ga al'umma: 

* ingantaccen ruwa na ƙasa
* samar da zuma
* canjin yanayi (zazzaɓi, danshi)
* carbon sequestered (a jimlar 75 tonnes a kowace ha, rinjaye a cikin ƙasa, da kuma a cikin itacen ciyayi)  an bokan ta amfani da Plan Vivo na son rai daidaitaccen carbon,  bayan haka ana sayar da carbon credits.
* Daga nan sai a mayar da kuɗaɗen shiga a ƙauyuka, bisa la’akari da fifikon al’ummomin; yana iya zama don ƙarin aji a makarantar ƙauyen, tafki na ruwa, ko kiyayewa a cikin keɓancewa.

## Bambancin halittu
Tare da haɓakar ciyayi, bambancin halittu a cikin wannan ƙetare ya inganta sosai: akwai ƙarin ciyayi iri-iri da namun daji .

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* EthioTrees akan gidan yanar gizon Davines
* Gidan yanar gizon aikin EthioTrees 
* EthioTrees akan gidan yanar gizon Plan Vivo 
* Haɗin Kai Don Ayyukan Gandun daji
Gasar Guinea don Kariyar Muhalli

**Ƙungiyar Guinean don Kariyar Muhalli** ( Portuguese   , LIPE) ta kasance jam'iyyar siyasa ce a ƙasar Guinea-Bissau.

## Tarihi
An kafa jam'iyyar a ranar 20 ga watan Yulin 1991 ta Bubácar Rachid Djaló, kuma an halatta ta a ranar 8 ga watan Satumbar 1993.  A shekarar 1994 ta shiga jam'iyyar Union for Change, kawancen da aka kafa don tsayawa takara a babban zaɓen 1994. Djaló shi ne ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa na ƙungiyar, amma ya samu kashi 3% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa. Sai dai jam'iyyar UM ta samu kujeru shida a majalisar wakilai ta ƙasa.

Zaɓen 1999-2000 ya sa UM ta rasa kujeru uku. Djaló ya cigaba da zama dan takarar shugaban kasa na kawance, amma ya sake samun kashi 3% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa. Bayan goyon bayan da ƙungiyar ta baiwa Kumba Ialá mai nasara a zaɓen fidda gwani, Djaló ya zama Sakataren Harkokin Kasuwanci. 

A shekara ta 2002 LIPE ya bar jam’iyyar UM ya koma jam’iyyar Electoral Union (UE), wadda ta lashe kujeru biyu a zaɓen ‘yan majalisa na 2004 .  An rushe EU kafin zabukan 'yan majalisa na 2008 kuma LIPE ya tsaya takara ita kadai, inda ya samu kuri'u 233 (0.05%) kawai. Kotun koli ta ki amincewa da bukatar da jam’iyyar ta gabatar na tsayawa takara a zaben 2014 . 

## Manazarta
Laburaren Yanki Na Omaheke

Laburaren Yanki na *Omaheke yana Gobabis* (wanda ke tsakanin Epako Suburb da filin wasanni na Legare  ), Namibia, kuma an buɗe shi ga jama'a a ranar 25 ga watan Nuwamba, 2014, kuma Ministan Ilimi, Dr. David Namwandi. ya sadaukar da shi a wannan rana. 

## Kudade
Laburare na ɗaya daga cikin ɗakunan karatu na yanki uku (sauran biyun suna cikin Oshakati, Oshana; da Helao Nafidi, Ohangwena). Wadannan dakunan karatu kuma ana kiran su da Cibiyar Nazarin Yanki da Albarkatun Kasa (RSRCs), kuma Hukumar challenge Millennium (Asusun Namibia) ne ta tallafa musu a kan Naira miliyan 167.  Namibia Library and Archive Services, darekta a ƙarƙashin ma'aikatar ilimi, fasaha da al'adu ta hanyar Omaheke Regional Directorate, tana gudanar da kula da ɗakin karatu.

## Ayyuka
Laburaren Yanki na Omaheke yana ba wa masu kula da ɗakin karatu damar samun sabis na ɗakin karatu na gargajiya da kayan da suka haɗa da shiga Intanet. Har ila yau ɗakin karatu yana aiki da sashin wayar hannu wanda ke ziyartar al'ummomi a yankin Omaheke kuma an sanye shi da kwamfuta, talabijin, da tarin littattafai.  Laburaren yanki yana nufin samar da shirye-shiryen da aka keɓance, ICTs, da sabis na bayanai waɗanda ke magance mafi yawan buƙatun al'ummomi.  Hakanan ɗakin karatu yana ba da intanet kyauta ga masu amfani da shi. 

## Manazarta
Laburaren Jama'a Na Windhoek

**Laburaren Jama'a na Windhoek** ɗakin karatu ne na jama'a a cikin garin Windhoek, Namibiya. An gina shi a cikin shekarar 1925, yana cikin titin Lüderitz, ya raba gini tare da layin *Owela* na Gidan Tarihi na Namibiya.  Daga watan Fabrairu shekara ta 2009 zuwa watan Agusta shekara ta  2012  ɗakin karatu ya yi gyare-gyaren da ya kai adadin kudi N$ 700,000, wanda ya haɗa da maye gurbin kafet da tayal yumbura, ƙara kwandishan, ƙara haske, da ƙirƙirar gidan yanar gizon jama'a. 

## Manazarta
Ambaliyar Ruwa a Kinshasa, 2022

A ranakun 12 zuwa 13 ga watan Disambar 2022, ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya ya bar tituna, ababen more rayuwa da kuma unguwanni da dama a ƙarƙashin ruwa ko kuma sun lalace a Kinshasa, babban birnin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo.

## Tasiri
Hanyoyi da dama a tsakiyar birnin Kinshasa sun nutse yayin da aka shafe sa'o'i ana sheƙa ruwan sama kamar da bakin ƙwarya tare da rushewar gidaje da dama.  A ƙalla mutane 169 ne suka mutu sakamakon ambaliyar ruwa.  Yawancin waɗanda suka mutun dai na faruwa ne sakamakon zaftarewar ƙasa sakamakon ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya.  A ƙalla gidaje 280 ne suka ruguje yayin da wasu sama da 38,000 ambaliyar ruwa ta shafa.   Mutane miliyan 12 da suka ƙunshi galibin mutanen birnin ne ambaliyar ruwa ta shafa.

## Bayan haka
Gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango ta sanar da gudanar da zaman makoki na kwanaki uku a ƙasar .

## Manazarta
Dammen Armeniya

**Dam ɗin Armenia,** wani dam ne a cikin kogin Leeu, kusa da Hobhouse, lardin Free State, Afirka ta Kudu . An kafa shi a cikin shekarar 1954. Yana da ƙarfin , da fili mai faɗin , bangon yana da  babba.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin tafki da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu
* Jerin koguna a Afirka ta Kudu

## Manazarta

* Jerin Madatsun Ruwa na Afirka ta Kudu daga Sashen Kula da Ruwa na Afirka ta Kudu
Laburaren Ƙasar Somaliya

**Laburaren Ƙasar na Somaliya** ɗakin karatu ne na ƙasan a Mogadishu, babban birnin Somaliya.

## Tarihi
An kafa ɗakin karatu na ƙasa a cikin shekarar 1975, kuma yana buɗe ga jama'a. A cikin shekarar 1983, ta ɗauke da littattafai kusan 7,000, tare da ƙayyadaddun kayan tarihin tarihi da na al'adu. 

Daga baya aka rufe ɗakin karatu na ƙasa a cikin shekarun 1990 lokacin yakin basasar Somaliya. A cikin watan Yunin 2013, Cibiyar Nazarin Siyasa ta Heritage ta shirya jigilar littattafai 22,000 daga Amurka zuwa Somaliya a matsayin wani shiri na maido da ɗakin karatu.  A cikin watan Disamba na wannan shekarar ne hukumomin Somaliya suka kaddamar da wani babban aiki a hukumance na sake gina dakin karatu na kasa.

A yayin da Zainab Hassan ke rike da mukamin Darakta, shirin da gwamnatin tarayya ta bayar na kudi dala miliyan daya na da niyyar gina wani katafaren dakin karatu da za a gina a babban birnin kasar nan da watanni shida. A shirye-shiryen sake kaddamarwa, ana sa ran samun karin litattafai 60,000 daga sauran kasashen kungiyar Larabawa.

## Manazarta
Dam ɗin Bivane

**Dam ɗin Bivane,** (wanda aka fi sani da **Dam ɗin Paris** ), wata madatsar ruwa ce da ke kan kogin Bivane, kusa da Vryheid, KwaZulu-Natal, Afirka ta Kudu . An kafa shi a shekara ta 2000. Babban manufarsa ita ce ban ruwa da amfanin gida. Mai shi shi ne Ƙungiyar Masu Amfani da Impala.

Ƙarfin haɗarinsa yana cikin matsayi na 3.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin tafki da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu
* Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu

## Manazarta

* Jerin Madatsun Ruwa na Afirka ta Kudu daga Sashen Kula da Ruwa na Afirka ta Kudu
Laburaren Ƙasar Senegal

**Laburare na ƙasa na  Senegal** (*Bibliothèque nationale du Sénégal* ko *Bibliothèque des Archives nationales du Sénégal* ) yana cikin Dakar, Senegal. 

## Tarihi
Kamar yadda a shekarar 1993, "ɗakunan karatu uku suna yin ayyuka na ɗakin karatu na kasa" a Senegal: ɗakin karatu na Archives Nationales (est. 1913), ɗakin karatu na Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (est. 1938), da ɗakin karatu na Cibiyar de Recherche et de Documentation (est. 1944).  An kafa adibas na doka a cikin shekarar 1976 ta kowace doka mai lamba 76-493. 

## Duba kuma

* Taskar tarihin kasar Senegal
* Center de Recherche et Documentation du Senegal
* Jerin dakunan karatu na kasa

## Manazarta
Ambaliyar ruwa ta Chadi ta 2022

**Ambaliyar ruwan Chadi ta shekarar 2022,** ta fara ne a Jamhuriyar Chadi a cikin watan Yulin 2022 kuma a halin yanzu tana ci gaba har zuwa watan Satumba na shekarar 2022 sakamakon ruwan sama mafi yawa a ƙasar tun a shekarar 1990.    Kimanin 'yan ƙasar Chadi 442,000 ne ambaliyar ruwa ta shafa ko kuma ta raba su da muhallansu a ƙarshen watan Agustan 2022, ciki har da manyan sassan babban birnin ƙasar, N'Djamena . 

## Dalili
Ƙasar Chadi da kuma ƙasashen da ke makwabtaka da Afirka ta Tsakiya da yammacin Afirka sun samu ruwan sama sama da yadda aka saba a cikin watan Yuli da Agustan 2022, lamarin da ya haddasa ambaliya a kasashe da dama .  A cewar Idriss Abdallah Hassan, jami'in ma'aikatar sufurin jiragen sama da kuma hasashen yanayi na hukumar kula da yanayi ta gwamnati, "Ƙasar ba ta samu adadin ruwan sama kamar haka ba tun daga shekarar 1990." 

## Lalacewa
Mutane 22 ne suka mutu sakamakon ambaliyar ruwa a tsakiyar watan Agustan shekarar 2022, a cewar wani rahoto na ofishin kula da ayyukan jin ƙai na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya OCHA.  Kimanin mutane 442,000 ne ambaliyar ruwa ta raba da muhallansu a ƙarshen watan Agustan 2022.  Jami'an hukumar kula da yanayi ta jihar sun bayyana ambaliyar a matsayin wani mummunan bala'i. 

Ambaliyar ruwa ta lalata kimanin kadadu 2,700 na amfanin gona da kuma filin noma mai iskar gas a cikin watan Agustan 2022. 

Ambaliyar ruwa ta yi ƙamari a sassan birnin N'Djamena, inda a cikin kwale-kwale kawai ake iya kaiwa ga yankunan babban birnin ƙasar.  Gundumar N'Djamena ta takwas ta yi ambaliya tun daga watan Yulin 2022 kuma ta kasance ƙarƙashin ruwa a farkon Satumbar 2022.  A cewar jami'an ƙasar Chadi da mazauna gundumar ta takwas, an mamaye dukkan unguwannin gundumar.  Mazauna garin sun nemi mafaka a wasu sassan birnin. 

## Manazarta
Molteno Regulations

**Molteno Regulations** (1874) tsarin tallafi ne na gwamnati don kafa dakunan karatu na jama'a kyauta, buɗe ga kowa, a cikin Cape Colony, Afirka ta Kudu.

## Abubuwan ciki
Sanarwar da suka yi a karni na sha tara (sanarwar gwamnati ta 442, 1874) an yi shi ne don tada zaune tsaye a samar da dakunan karatu na jama’a, musamman a kananan garuruwa da kauyuka, wadanda za su kasance a bude ga kowa ba tare da la’akari da kabilanci ko aji ba.

Gwamnati za ta ba da kyauta na shekara-shekara har zuwa £100 da sharadin cewa ɗakin karatu zai sa duk littattafan su isa ga dukkan jama'a, ba tare da togiya ba, a kyauta. Ya kasance a cikin tasiri tsarin "fam-da-fam", wanda kyautar ɗakin karatu na shekara-shekara zai dogara ne akan adadin biyan kuɗi, ziyara da gudummawar da zai iya nuna cewa ya samu.  

## Tarihi (1874-1955)
Sharuɗɗan sun haifar da haɓaka mai yawa a cikin adadi da girman ɗakunan karatu na jama'a (duka ɗakin karatu da ɗakunan karatu) a cikin Cape Colony, yana ba shi ɗayan mafi girma na ɗakunan karatu a duniya a ƙarshen karni.

Saboda sauki da nasarar da suka samu, wasu sassa na kudancin Afirka sun yi amfani da ka'idojin, musamman bayan Tarayyar Turai a shekarar 1910. Sun ci gaba da aiki har sai da aka soke su a cikin shekarar ta 1955, kuma daga baya aka ba su sunan Firayim Minista na Cape wanda ya fara ba su a shekarar ta 1874, John Molteno. A cikin tsara ƙa'idoji ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan ƙuruciyarsa ya rinjayi shi  tattara littattafai a tsohon ɗakin karatu na Cape Town.   

## Karin bayani

* Tarihin dakunan karatu a Afirka ta Kudu

## Manazarta
Laburaren Jama'a Na Berbera

**Laburaren jama'a na Berbera** (Soma), babban ɗakin karatu ne a tsakiyar birnin Berbera, Somaliland. An bude dakin karatu na Berbera na farko a shekarar 2014. Daga baya aka fadada ta kuma yanzu ana kiranta da Laburaren Jama'a na Berbera.         

An kirkiri kuma aka sanar da ra'ayin na Berbera Public Library a ranar 29 ga watan Fabrairu 2011, a wani taro da berbera Reader Club, malamai, dattawa da 'yan kasuwa suka hallara a Berbera Maritime and Fisheries Academy Hall; duk da haka ra'ayi ne kawai da mafarki a lokacin.

A shekarar 2013 ne lokacin da gwamnati ta share madaidaicin wurin da za a gina dakin karatu kuma karamar hukumar ta yi nasarar tsugunar da mutanen da ke zaune a wannan yanki. A cikin wannan shekarar ne tsohon shugaban Somaliland Ahmed Mohamed Mahmoud, ya sanya dutsen farko a matsayin alamar fara ginin dakin karatu.

A cikin shekarar 2014 mai girma Magajin Garin Berbera Mista Abdishakuur Mahmoud Hassan (Ciddin), ya naɗa kwamitin gina da sarrafa dakin karatu. Tawagar ta ƙunshi mutane biyar daga al'umma. An fara fuskar farko na ɗakin karatu ne a ƙarshen 2014 kuma a lokacin an yi nasarar kafa babban zauren taro da shinge. A cikin shekaru biyu, daga watan Disamba 2015 zuwa Disamba 2017, an gama jira dogon jira na Berbera Public Library kuma an bude filin saukar da dakin karatu a ranar 22 ga watan Afrilu 2018.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Berbera Public Library on Twitter
Tarihin dakunan karatu a Afirka ta Kudu

**Tarihin dakunan karatu a Afirka ta Kudu** ya fara ne da dakunan karatu da aka kafa don amfanin masu zaman kansu wanda daga baya aka samar da su ga jama'a. A cikin shekarar 1761, mafi yawan waɗannan tarin masu zaman kansu na farko, mallakar Joachim von Dessin, sakataren gidan marayu, an bar shi zuwa Cape kunshin Cocin Dutch Reformed musamman don samar da tushen ɗakin karatu na jama'a don fa'idar al'umma. 

Laburaren Ƙasa na Afirka ta Kudu shine ɗakin karatu na farko da aka kafa a Afirka ta Kudu ta hanyar shela a ranar 20 ga watan Maris 1818 ta Lord Charles Somerset lokacin da ya ba da shawarar cewa za a biya harajin ruwan inabi don biyansa.   

Bayar da "Dokokin Molteno", a cikin Cape Colony a shekarar 1874, ya kasance wani sauyi a ci gaban dakunan karatu na jama'a a kudancin Afirka. Samar da tallafin da gwamnati ta bayar na fam-fam don kafa da kuma kula da dakunan karatu-hatta a yankunan karkara ya kai ga Cape Colony ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu a ko'ina a duniya. Saboda saukin su da nasarar da suka samu, an yi amfani da ka'idojin a wasu wurare a kudancin Afirka, musamman bayan haɗin gwiwa a 1910, kuma ya ci gaba da aiki har zuwa 1955.  

## Nau'in ɗakunan karatu

* Laburaren ajiya na ƙasa da na doka (misali National Library na Afirka ta Kudu)
* Dakunan karatu na jama'a
* Dakunan karatu na makaranta
* Dakunan karatu na jami'a da kwalejoji
* Laburare na musamman (misali ɗakin karatu na ƙasa na Afirka ta Kudu don Makafi a Grahamstown)
* Dakunan karatu a cikin gidajen tarihi, gidajen tarihi da wuraren tarihi
* Kwararru ƙungiyoyin  

## Duba kuma

* Gidan Tarihi na Adabin Turanci na Ƙasa, Grahamstown
* Laburaren Cory don Binciken Tarihi, Grahamstown

## Manazarta
Laburaren Ƙasa Na Tunisiya

**Laburaren ƙasa na  Tunisiya** (Larabci: *المكتبة الوطنية التونسية* ) shine ɗakin karatu na haƙƙin mallaka na doka na Tunisiya. An kafa shi a cikin shekarar 1885, wanda  aka fi sani da *Laburare na Faransa*, sannan kuma *ɗakin karatu na Jama'a*. Gwamnatin Tunisiya ta ware kasafin Dinare miliyan 28 don gina sabon ginin ɗakin karatu, kuma a shekara ta 2005 an mayar da ɗakin karatu wurin.  Laburaren yana da tsayin mita 70 kuma ya kunshi benaye 14 yana daya daga cikin manyan gine-gine a kasar Tunisiya kuma daya daga cikin gine-ginen da aka fi sani da tsarin Musulunci a kasar Tunisia.

## Tarihi
An kafa wannan ɗakin karatu a cikin shekarar 1885, ana kiran wannan *ɗakin karatu na Faransanci.* Sunanta na yanzu tun daga farkon samun 'yancin kai na Tunisiya. A cikin shekarar 2005, an sake komawa wurin da yake yanzu, Boulevard 9 avril, kusa da National Archives na Tunisia da wasu manyan cibiyoyi kamar Faculty of Social and Human Sciences.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Shafin hukuma