Batutuwan muhalli a Birnin New York

**Batutuwan muhalli a [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]]** suna shafar girman birnin, yawan jama'a, da kuma wurin da ke bakin Kogin Hudson.

Yawan jama'ar New York yana da fa'idodi da rashin daidaituwa. Yana sauƙaƙa mafi girman amfani da zirga-zirga a Amurka, amma kuma yana mai da hankali ga gurɓataccen yanayi. Amfani da man fetur a cikin birni yana da matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙasa a cikin shekarun 1920,  kuma hayakin iskar gas mai ɗorewa wani ɓangare ne na matsakaicin ƙasar, a tan 7.1 na kowane mutum a kowace shekara, a ƙasa da San Francisco, a tan 11.2, da kuma matsakaicin kasa, a tan 24.5.  Birnin New York yana da kashi 1% kawai na hayakin gas na Amurka yayin da yake da gidaje 2.7% na yawan jama'arta. An shirya Tsibirin Gwamnoni a tashar jiragen ruwa ta New York don karbar bakuncin cibiyar bincike da ilimi ta dala biliyan 1 da ke shirye don sanya Birnin New York jagora a duniya wajen magance Rikicin yanayi.

## Yawan jama'a
Damuwar muhalli a cikin birni ta haɗa da sarrafa yawan jama'a birni. Amfani da zirga-zirgar jama'a shine mafi girma a cikin al'umma kuma amfani da man fetur a cikin birni yana da matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙasa a cikin shekarun 1920. Yawan jama'ar Birnin New York da ƙananan dogaro da mota suna taimakawa wajen sanya New York daga cikin mafi yawan makamashi a Amurka. Matsayin iskar gas na birni yana da ƙarancin gaske lokacin da aka auna ga kowane mutum, a tan 7.1 na kowane mutum, ƙasa da San Francisco, a tan 11.2, da kuma matsakaicin ƙasa, a 24.5. Mutanen New York suna da alhakin kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari na jimlar iskar gas mai guba a ƙasar,  kodayake sun ƙunshi kashi 2.7% na yawan jama'ar ƙasar. Matsakaicin New Yorker yana cinye ƙasa da rabin wutar lantarki da mazaunin San Francisco ya yi amfani da shi kuma kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na wutar lantarki da wani mazaunin Dallas ya cinye.

Rashin gurɓataccen yanayi a Birnin New York yana haifar da yawan cututtukan asma da sauran yanayin numfashi tsakanin mazaunan birnin. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan birnin ya mayar da hankali kan rage tasirin muhalli. Ana buƙatar gwamnatin birni ta sayi kayan aiki masu inganci kawai don amfani a ofisoshin birni da gidajen jama'a. New York tana da mafi girman iska mai tsabta mai tsabta da kuma matsewar gas bas din a cikin ƙasar, da kuma wasu daga cikin taksi na farko. Har ila yau, birnin jagora ne a cikin gina gine-ginen ofisoshin kore masu amfani da makamashi, gami da Hasumiyar Hearst da sauransu.

## Manufofin da tasiri

Ya zuwa shekara ta 2005, birnin ya mayar da hankali kan rage tasirin muhalli. Ana buƙatar gwamnatin birni ta sayi kayan aiki masu inganci kawai don amfani a ofisoshin birni da gidajen jama'a. New York tana da mafi girman iska mai tsabta mai tsabta da kuma matsewar iskar gas a cikin ƙasar, da kuma wasu daga cikin taksi na farko. Har ila yau, birnin jagora ne a cikin gine-ginen ofisoshin "kore" masu amfani da makamashi, kamar su Hasumiyar Hearst 7 Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya 7.

Kungiyoyin muhalli suna yin kokari sosai don taimakawa wajen tsara dokoki a New York saboda suna ganin dabarun a matsayin hanya mai inganci don rinjayar shirye-shiryen ƙasa. Tattalin arzikin Birnin New York ya fi na Switzerland girma,   girman da ke nufin birnin yana da damar saita sabbin ka'idoji. Masu sana'a kuma suna da alaƙa da sababbin abubuwan da ake buƙata a cikin birni saboda kasuwar ta yi yawa da ba za a yi watsi da ita ba.

Tsohon magajin gari Michael Bloomberg yana daya daga cikin magajin gari 248 daga jihohi 41 da suka sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Kare Yanayi ta Mayors na Amurka. A karkashin yarjejeniyar, magajin gari "suna ƙoƙari su hadu ko su doke manufofin Kyoto Protocol a cikin al'ummominsu". Birnin ya kasance mai shigar da kara a cikin shari'ar Massachusetts v. Kotun Koli ta Hukumar Kare Muhalli da ta tilasta wa EPA ta tsara iskar gas a matsayin gurbataccen yanayi.

## Manazarta