Ethel Bentham

**Ethel Bentham**, JP (5 ga watan Janairun 1861 - 19 ga watan Janairu 1931) likita ne mai ci gaba, ɗan siyasa kuma mai tsattsauran ra'ayi a Ƙasar Ingila . An haife ta ne a Landan, ta yi karatu a Alexandra School da Kwalejin da ke Dublin, Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta London don Mata da Asibitin Rotunda .

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Bentham a Landan,  ga William Bentham, mai bincike kuma daga baya janar manajan kamfanin Standard Life Assurance Company, da Mary Ann Hammond . Ta girma ne a Dublin, inda mahaifinta ya kasance Mai Shari'a na Zaman Lafiya. Bentham ta yi tafiye-tafiye na sadaka tare da mahaifiyarta zuwa ƙauyuka na gari, wanda ya yi mata wahayi zuwa ga zama likita. Ta yi horo a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta London don Mata daga 1890-1893, inda ta sami takardar shaidar likita.  A shekara ta 1894, ta cancanci aikin haihuwa a Asibitin Rotunda, Dublin kuma ta sami ƙarin horo a asibitoci a Paris da Brussels,  inda ta sami MD a shekara ta 1895. 

## Ayyuka

### Ayyukan likita
Bentham ta yi aiki a asibitocin London na ɗan gajeren lokaci,  kafin ta shiga aikin likita a Newcastle a kan Tyne da Gateshead tare da Dokta Ethel Williams,  likita na farko a cikin birni, kuma mai tsattsauran ra'ayi.  A shekara ta 1900, ta kasance memba na kwamitin zartarwa na reshen Newcastle na Ƙungiyar Mata ta Kasa (NUWSS), kuma ta shiga Jam'iyyar Labour a 1902, Fabian Society a 1907,  da kuma Ƙungiyar Mata na Fabian a 1908 . 

A shekara ta 1907, ta tsaya a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar Labour a zaben da aka yi a yankin Westgate ta Kudu na Newcastle . A cikin 1908, ta halarci Taron na huɗu na Ƙungiyar Mata ta Duniya, a Amsterdam .  Bentham ya kasance mai aiki sosai wajen neman goyon bayan NUWSS ga dan takarar majalisa na hadin gwiwa,  wani kamfen wanda a shekarar 1912 ya haifar da kirkirar Asusun Yaki da Zabe.

A cikin 1909, Bentham ta koma London, inda ta zauna tare da Marion Phillips [1] a Holland Park, [2] gidanta yana aiki a matsayin wurin taro ga mata masu tunani iri ɗaya. [3] Ta kafa aiki a Arewacin Kensington kuma ta kasance gwani a kan enuresis na yara (bedwetting) kuma mai imani na farko a cikin abin da yanzu za a kira magani na zamantakewa.[4]   [ana buƙatar hujja]A cikin 1911, Bentham ta kasance mai motsawa a bayan kafa asibitin uwa da jariri a Arewacin Kensington, wanda Kungiyar Kwadago ta Mata ta kafa don tunawa da Margaret MacDonald da Mary Middleton.[4] Asibitin shine na farko a kasar don samar da magani tare da shawara.[5] Bentham ya yi aiki a matsayin babban jami'in kiwon lafiya na asibitin, kuma mai ba da gudummawa, yana biyan kuɗin da ya kashe.[2]

### Ayyukan siyasa
A watan Maris na shekara ta 1910, Bentham ta zama memba na zartarwa na Kungiyar Kwadago ta Mata .  Ta tsaya ba tare da nasara ba a matsayin dan takarar Labour na Kensington Borough Council a 1909, da kuma London County Council a 1910,  kafin a zabe ta a matsayin memba na Kenston Borough Council A 1912, wakiltar yankin Golborne, matsayin da ta rike har zuwa 1925.  Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na I nada ta majistare, ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko a cikin rawar,  tana aiki a kotunan yara kuma tana aiki a Hukumar Kula da Asibitoci ta Metropolitan. 

A shekara ta 1918, kungiyar kwadago ta mata ta shiga cikin jam'iyyar kwadago, kuma an zabi Bentham a cikin Kwamitin Zartarwa na Kasa, ta zo saman kuri'un mata. Ta zauna a kan jiki daga 1918-1920, 1921-1926, da 1928-1931.  Ta kuma yi aiki a cikin Kwamitin hadin gwiwa na kungiyoyin mata na masana'antu,  wanda ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban na wani lokaci. 

Ta tsaya ba tare da nasara ba a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar Labour Party na Islington East a cikin Babban Zabe na 1922 da 1923. Bentham ta yi nasara a Babban zaben 1929, mace ta goma sha biyar a majalisar dokoki, mace ta farko da ta kasance Quaker da likita, kuma a shekaru 68 mace mafi tsufa da aka zaba a majalisar. Wannan ya yi daidai da zaben Gwamnatin Labour ta biyu karkashin jagorancin Ramsay MacDonald. Ta yi magana da yawa a cikin House of Commons a cikin shekaru biyu da ta yi a majalisar. Ɗaya daga cikin jawabin da ta fi tsayi shi ne a lokacin muhawara game da Dokar Kula da Zuciya . 

Ta mutu a ranar 19 ga watan Janairun 1931, a gidanta a titin Beaufort, Chelsea, bayan cika shekaru 70, sakamakon gazawar zuciya bayan mura, kuma an ƙone ta a Golders Green .  Mutuwar Bentham ta haifar da zabe, wanda aka gudanar a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu inda aka zabi dan takarar Labour, Leah Manning, don maye gurbin ta.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Bentham bai taba yin aure ba kuma ba shi da yara. An haife ta a matsayin Anglican amma ta zama memba na taron Quaker a Friends House, London a shekarar 1920. 

## Bayani

## Manazarta

* 2003 (sake bugawa). Jagoran Times zuwa House of Commons, 1929, 1931, 1935, Politico's, London.   ISBN&nbsp;

## Haɗin waje

* Hansard1803–2005:gudummawa a majalisar ta Ethel Bentham