Sanarwar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta ASEAN

A shekara ta 2009, Kungiyar Kasashen Kudu maso gabashin Asiya (ASEAN) ta kafa Hukumar Kula da Hakkin Dan Adam ta ASEAN don inganta haƙƙin ɗan adam a cikin ƙasashe goma na ASEAN. A tsakiyar shekara ta 2012, Hukumar ta tsara **Sanarwar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta ASEAN**. Mambobin ASEAN sun amince da sanarwar gaba daya a taron 18 ga Nuwamba 2012 a Phnom Penh, Kambodiya. Sanarwar ta ba da cikakken bayani game da jajircewar kasashe na ASEAN ga 'yancin ɗan adam ga mutane miliyan 600. Sanarwar ta ƙunshi sakin layi 40 a ƙarƙashin jigogi 6.

An yi shelar Asiya da yawa kafin sanarwar ASEAN a cikin 2012. Sanarwar farko a Asiya don haɗa al'ummomi da yawa a duk faɗin yankin ita ce sanarwar kudu maso gabashin Asiya da ake kira Sanarwa na Babban Ayyukan Al'ummomin ASEAN da gwamnatoci a cikin 1983, wanda mahaifin 'yancin ɗan adam ya fara shirya shi a Philippines, Sen. Jose W.  Daga ƙarshe juyin halittar waɗannan takaddun ya kai ga na yanzu wanda ASEAN ta karɓa tun daga 2012. Rubuce-rubucen farko na biyar na sanarwar 'yancin ɗan adam na ASEAN sun tabbatar da cewa haƙƙin ɗan adam na cikin "Kowane mutum," musamman yana jaddada cewa suna cikin "mata, yara, tsofaffi, mutanen da ke da nakasa, ma'aikatan ƙaura, da ma'aikata masu rauni kai tsaye" 1. 'yancin jama'a da na siyasa a cikin Yarjejeniya ta Duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam, "kuma waɗannan suna dalla-dalla a cikin Articles 11- 25. Mataki na ashirin da 26 na gaba ya tabbatar da "dukkan hakkoki na tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu a cikin Yarjejeniyar Duniya ...," tare da waɗannan da aka bayyana a cikin Articles 27 zuwa 34. Sanarwar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta ASEAN ta wuce bayan Yarjejeniya ta Duniya ta hanyar yin bayyane "'yancin samun ruwa mai tsabta. 8". lafiya, tsafta da muhalli mai dorewa" (Art 28.f.), Kariya daga nuna bambanci a cikin jiyya ga "mutanen da ke fama da cututtuka masu yaduwa, ciki har da HIV / AIDs" (Art. 29), "yancin ci gaba ... da nufin kawar da talauci, ƙirƙirar yanayi ciki har da kariya da dorewa na yanayi ... (Art. 36), da 'yancin samun zaman lafiya (Art. 29).

Koyaya, an soki Hukumar sosai saboda rashin nuna gaskiya da rashin tuntuɓar jama'ar ASEAN yayin aiwatar da rubuce-rubuce. Sanarwar kanta ta fuskanci zargi daga al'ummar farar hula ta ASEAN, kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na kasa da kasa kamar su Amnesty International  da Human Rights Watch,  Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka,  da Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam. Human Rights Watch ta bayyana shi a matsayin "bayyanawar ikon gwamnati da aka ɓoye a matsayin sanarwar haƙƙin ɗan adam". Al'ummomin farar hula na ASEAN sun lura cewa "Sanarwar ta kasa hada da mahimman hakkoki da 'yanci na asali, gami da' yancin 'yancin tarayya da' yanci na kasancewa da 'yancin tilasta bacewar mutane".  Bugu da ƙari, Sanarwar ta ƙunshi sassan da za a iya amfani da tsoro da yawa don lalata' yancin ɗan adam, kamar "ya kamata a yi la'akari da cimma haƙƙin ɗan adam a cikin yankin da na ƙasa" (Art. 8),  ko kuma cewa haƙƙin ɗanɗano na ƙayyadadden "ha ga Halin jama'a" (Art.).

Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka da Babban Kwamishinan 'Yancin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun yi marhabin da sanarwar, amma tare da tabbatuwa. Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta ba da sanarwar goyon baya, "a bisa ka'ida," don "kokarin ASEAN na bunkasa sanarwar 'yancin ɗan adam," amma yana nuna damuwa ga "amfani da manufar 'dangantacciyar al'adu' ..., yana nuna cewa dokokin cikin gida na iya lalata haƙƙin ɗan adam na duniya, cikakkun bayanan da aka ambata a wasu wurare, gabatar da ƙayyadaddun haƙƙin ɗan adam. Babban Kwamishinan 'Yancin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya "ya yi maraba da sabon alkawarin da shugabannin kungiyar na kudu maso gabashin Asiya suka yi game da ka'idojin kare hakkin bil'adama na duniya" tare da lura da cewa "Sauran yankuna sun nuna yadda tsarin kare hakkin bil'adama na yanki zai iya tasowa da ingantawa a kan lokaci" kuma "yana da mahimmanci cewa ASEAN ta tabbatar da cewa duk wani harshe da ya saba da ka'idojin kare hakkin bil'adama na kasa da kasa ba ya zama wani ɓangare na duk wani yarjejeniyar kare hakkin bil'adama na yanki.

## Dubi kuma

# Hukumar Kula da 'Yancin Dan Adam ta ASEAN
# Sanarwar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje

# Hukumar Kula da 'Yancin Dan Adam ta ASEAN
# http://www.asean.org/storage/images/ASEAN_RTK_2014/6_AHRD_Booklet.pdf  An adana shi 2020-07-09 a