Yaƙin Idlib (2015)

**Yakin Idlib** ("Operation don 'Yantar da Idlib") wani harin soji ne a yankin Idlib, a lokacin yakin basasar Siriya, wanda 'yan tawaye suka yi wa sojojin gwamnatin Siriya da ke kare birnin Idlib . 

## Yakin

A ranar 24 ga Maris, 2015, sabon dakin aikin rundunar Fattah da aka kafa ("Sojojin Nasara") ya bukaci mutane a birnin Idlib da su kasance a cikin gida. Daga baya a wannan rana, wasu mayaka biyu daga Jund al-Aqsa sun tarwatsa kansu a kusa da shingayen binciken Sojoji,  a gabashin birnin,  daga bisani kuma aka kai hari ta bangarori uku a Idlib.  'Yan tawayen sun karbe iko da masana'antar Sadkop da ke wajen gabashin gundumar masana'antu inda suka doshi tsohuwar masana'anta kafin sojoji daga runduna ta 11 ta Tank suka isa domin karfafa rundunar NDF tare da fatattakar mayakan 'yan tawaye zuwa gabas, inda suka tabbatar da kewayen Idlib. Makabartar Jama'a. A halin da ake ciki kuma, a mashigar arewa maso yammacin Idlib, 'yan tawayen sun kai hari a wasu shingayen binciken ababan hawa na NDF, inda suka isa yankin arewa na Gidajen matasa.  Gabaɗaya a cikin wannan rana, 'yan tawayen sun kame shingayen binciken ababan hawa bakwai, amma Sojojin sun yi nasarar kwato huɗu daga cikinsu,   ciki har da rahotanni sun sake tabbatar da tsaro a kewayen arewacin Gidan Matasa. 

A cewar wani kwamandan ‘yan tawayen, fadan ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mayaka da dama daga bangarorin biyu.  Hukumar ta SOHR ta sanya adadin wadanda suka mutu a mayakan gwamnati 20  da kuma 'yan tawaye 19,  ciki har da 'yan kunar bakin wake uku. Biyu daga cikin maharan 'yan kasashen waje ne daga kasashen yankin Gulf .  A cewar wata majiyar soji, an kashe 'yan tawaye 44 da sojoji 16.  An kuma kama sojoji biyar.  

A yayin harin, kungiyar ta al-Nusra ta yi amfani da BGM-71 TOW da Amurka ta kama daga hannun kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye masu samun goyon bayan kasashen Yamma. 

A ranar 25 ga Maris, 'yan tawayen sun sake dawo da shingayen binciken ababen hawa hudu da suka rasa a ranar da ta gabata, yayin da wani harin kunar bakin wake na hudu ya faru a kusa da birnin.  A duk tsawon yini, fadan ya fi karkata ne ga kofar gabas da birnin.  Da yammacin ranar, a cewar majiyoyin gwamnati, karin wasu sassan runduna ta 11 ta Tanka sun isa Idlib inda suka kaddamar da farmaki a gundumar masana'antu.  A fadan na ranar, an kashe Abu Jamil Yusuf Qutb, mataimakin shugaban kungiyar Ahrar ash-Sham,  a wani hari da aka kai a wani shingen binciken Sojoji da ke kusa da Idlib.  A wannan rana ma an kashe kwamandan Hizbullah Al Hajj Walaa. 

Majiyoyin 'yan tawayen sun bayyana cewa an kashe sojoji 36 a Idlib saboda mikawa 'yan tawayen bayanan da za su kai musu.  

Ya zuwa karshen rana ta biyu da ake gwabzawa, 'yan tawayen sun mamaye shingayen binciken ababan hawa 17 da kuma sansanin soji, a cewar SOHR.  Majiyoyin gwamnati sun yarda cewa 'yan tawayen ne ke iko da masana'antun da ke gabashin birnin, inda ake gwabzawa da yankin Al-Sina'a (Masana'antu) Quarter. Sai dai majiyoyin sun ce an ayyana Gidajen Matasa da Al-Mahrab Quarters a zaman lafiya bayan an kori 'yan tawayen zuwa wajen bayan wasu hare-hare da makaman atilari da birged ta 155 ta yi a filin jirgin saman Hama . 

A ranar 26 ga Maris, an gwabza kazamin fada a kusa da kofar gabashin Idlib,  wanda ya dauki tsawon dare, inda ya kashe 'yan tawaye 26 da sojoji 4.  A cewar majiyoyin 'yan adawa, 'yan tawaye sun kwace yankin Al-Sina'a (masana'antu) inda suka yi nasarar mamaye garuruwan Kafrayah da al-Fu'ah, bayan sun kwace wasu shingen binciken ababen hawa da ke hade wadannan garuruwa da Idlib.  Sojojin sun musanta hakan tare da bayyana cewa, nasarorin da ake zargin ‘yan tawayen kage ne, amma sun amince ‘yan tawayen sun isa kofar birnin a karon farko tun bayan fara kai farmakin. 

A ranar 27 ga Maris, an ci gaba da gwabza fada a Idlib da kewaye, inda aka kashe 'yan tawaye 14 da sojoji 6.  Daya daga cikin ‘yan tawayen da aka kashe shi ne wani kwamandan Saudiyya (sarki) a kungiyar al-Nusra.  A karon farko 'yan tawayen sun yi nasarar kutsa kai cikin unguwannin birnin, bayan da suka kutsa daga arewa maso yamma da kudu maso gabashin Idlib. A halin da ake ciki dai, kusan dukkanin gungun 'yan tawaye sun kewaye birnin, inda aka bar hanyoyin fita biyu kacal na dakarun gwamnati.  Ci gaban birnin ya zo ne bayan da NDF ta ja da baya daga arewacin silos, kuma mayakan 'yan adawa sun kwace mafi yawan gundumar Hara ta Arewa da kuma gonakin Hara ta Yamma. 

A ranar 28 ga Maris, bayan da dakarun NDF suka isa, da karfe 6 na safe, an kai wani hari na gwamnati,  wanda ya tilastawa 'yan tawayen janyewa daga cikin Idlib, kuma sojojin gwamnati sun sake kwace yankunan da ke wajen birnin.  Sai dai kuma a wannan rana, dakarun 'yan tawaye sun sake kai wani sabon hari a Idlib, kuma a lokacin, sun mamaye shingayen binciken ababen hawa 24 da wasu unguwanni a birnin.  An kuma bayyana cewa 'yan tawayen sun kama dan jarida mai goyon bayan gwamnati Abdul Ghani Jaruch.  Sa'o'i kadan bayan haka, 'yan tawaye sun kwace iko da galibin birnin bayan da dakarun gwamnati suka ja da baya, sai dai na gwamnati da kuma gine-ginen tsaro.  Koyaya, ya zuwa ƙarshen rana, 'yan tawaye sun mamaye birnin gabaɗaya,  tare da ci gaba da aikin dubawa da gogewa. 

A yayin da gwamnatin Syria ta koma baya, an ce an kashe fursunoni 15 da ke tsare a hedkwatar hukumar leken asiri ta soji, yayin da ‘yan tawayen suka kama tankokin yaki guda shida.   'Yan tawayen sun yi nasarar kubutar da fursunoni 53 daga rukuninsu guda.  Dakarun gwamnatin Syria sun sake haduwa a kudancin birnin, kuma suna shirye-shiryen kai hari daga dakarun 'yan tawaye.

## Bayan haka

An bayar da rahoton gudun hijira na dubban fararen hula na Idlib zuwa garuruwa da kauyukan da ke kusa da shi kwana guda bayan da 'yan tawaye suka kwace birnin.   Ahrar ash-Sham ta fitar da wata sanarwa inda ta bukaci hadin kan kungiyoyin da suka kwace birnin Idlib bisa tsarin shari'a. Har ila yau Ahrar ash-Sham ta yi barazanar kai hare-hare kan tagwayen garuruwan al-Fouaa da Kefraya 'yan Shi'a da aka yi wa kawanya a matsayin martani ga "duk wani hari na matsorata da aka kai kan fararen hula a Idlib".  Ajnad al-Sham ta sanar da cewa, an kashe shugabanta na soji, Abu Abdullah Taoum, a wani gumurzu da aka yi a kusa da al-Fouaa. 

A halin da ake ciki kuma, kungiyar kawancen kasashen Larabawa ta Syria da ke samun goyon bayan kasashen yamma a cikin wata sanarwa ta sanar da cewa za ta mayar da hedikwatarta daga Istanbul zuwa birnin Idlib.  Kungiyar al-Nusra ta musanta hakan da Abdullah Mohammed al-Mheisnei, babban malamin addinin Islama na al-Nusra, yana mai cewa a shafinsa na Twitter "Karya ne cewa [SNC] za ta shiga Idlib!".  Tuni aka fara fargabar cewa mai yiyuwa ne al-Nusra za ta aiwatar da tsauraran mulkin addini a Idlib. Akalla wani lamari ya faru a birnin, bayan kama shi, inda mayakan al-Nusra na kasashen waje suka kashe kiristoci biyu bayan sun ji suna aiki a wani shagon sayar da barasa. Sakamakon haka, mayakan Ahrar ash-Sham sun tsawatar wa wadannan baki tare da kafa shingayen bincike don kare kiristoci daga gare su,  tare da kungiyar da ke da'awar cewa sun tsare iyalan Kiristoci 20 a Idlib.  Da yake mayar da martani ga al-Mheisnei, Ahmad Tu'mah, firaministan gwamnatin rikon kwarya na kasar Siriya, ya ce "ba gaskiya ba ne cewa Jabhat al-Nusra ya ki shigar da mu, a gaskiya shugaba ne ya ki shigar da mu, kuma hakkinsa ne ya hana mu shiga. Ya bayyana ra'ayinsa a lokacin da muke aiki cewa a halin yanzu babu wani bangare da ke wakiltar Sojojin Yaki da ya kai mana hari game da ra'ayinsa kuma bai fitar da wata sanarwa a bainar jama'a ba dangane da wannan batu, ya kuma kara da cewa gwamnatin rikon kwarya ta Siriya har yanzu tana da niyyar komawa Idlib muddin za a iya kare su. hare-haren da gwamnatin Assad ke kaiwa. Har ila yau, batun ko za a kafa daular Musulunci a Idlib ya ci gaba da wanzuwa.  Sai dai kuma, a karshen watan Afrilu, 'yan adawa sun kafa majalisar farar hula da ayyukan jama'a. Har ila yau, wani sako a hukumance daga shugaban al-Nusra Abu Mohammad al-Julani ya bayyana cewa za a gudanar da birnin bisa tsarin shari'a, ta hanyar Shura da majalisar farar hula, amma bai nuna alamun ayyana Idlib a matsayin babban birnin masarautar ba. Dangane da haka, wani kwararre a Siriya daga jaridar Al-Hayat ya yi imanin aiwatar da Shari'a zai takaita ne sakamakon matsin lamba da Al-Nusra ke fuskanta daga Saudiyya da Qatar. 

A ranar 30 ga Maris, wata majiyar sojan Syria ta zargi Turkiyya da Jordan da goyon bayan 'yan tawaye a harin da suka kai a Idlib.  Harin soji da kuma hare-hare ta sama sun afkawa birnin, wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar fararen hula 23. Rahotanni sun ce harin bam din ya hada da makamai masu guba.  Gabaɗaya, tsakanin ranakun 28 zuwa 30 ga Maris, an kashe mutane 47, ciki har da 'yan tawaye 15, a harin bam da aka kai a birnin Idlib.  An kuma bayar da rahoton cewa, an tura Kanar Suheil Al Hassan ne domin ya sa ido a kan matakin da za a dauka na kwato Idlib.  Sabanin haka, wani mayaƙin NDF da ke Jisr al-Shughour ya yi magana da al-Masdar labarai kuma ya ce dakarun gwamnati da ke kewayen birnin na cikin rudani. 

A ranar 1 ga Afrilu, kungiyar al-Nusra ta ce za a gudanar da Idlib bisa tsarin shari'ar Musulunci, amma kungiyar ba za ta nemi ta mallaki iko a can ba.  Washegari ne 'yan tawaye suka kaddamar da hari a sansanin soji na Mastouma, inda aka ajiye akasarin dakarun gwamnatin da suka ja da baya, suka kuma ci gaba. 

## Bincike
Idlib ya zama babban birnin lardin na biyu da ya fada hannun dakarun 'yan tawaye, bayan Raqqa da 'yan tawaye suka kwace a watan Maris din shekarar 2013, amma daga bisani kungiyar Islamic State of Iraq and Levant ta fatattake shi.  Har ila yau, 'yan tawayen sun kwace garin Quneitra a cikin watan Agustan 2014, wanda galibi shi ne babban birnin lardin Quneitra, amma an lalata shi tare da yin watsi da shi tun bayan yakin kwanaki shida da Isra'ila a shekara ta 1967. 

A cewar wasu, ya kasance babbar kayar da gwamnatin Siriya ta yi a siyasance da dabaru.     Stratfor ya bayyana yakin a matsayin "babban nasara" ga dakarun adawa,  yayin da The Long War Journal ya kira shi "mafi girman rauni" ga gwamnati a cikin watanni.  Aron Lund na *Syria sharhi* yayi tsokaci kan shan kashi na tsaron gwamnati a Idlib ya yi "humu ramin gibi a cikin labarin gwamnatin na gabatowa nasara kuma ya karfafa 'yan adawa a siyasance da na soja, da rubuta matsala ga Bashar al-Assad",  yayin da Charles Lister, wani abokin ziyara a cibiyar Brookings Doha, ya yi hasashen faduwar Idlib zai zama babban abin mamaki ga gwamnati da magoya bayanta.  A cewar wasu.  yana da ɗan ƙima ko ƙayyadaddun ƙimar dabara kuma ya kasance mafi ƙarfafa ɗabi'a ga dakarun adawa.  

Yanzu da aka kwace birnin, 'yan tawaye za su iya mayar da hankali kan wasu manufofi, kamar sansanin sojin sama na Abu Duhour, Ariha, Hama,  Nubl, Zahra, hanyoyin samar da sojoji zuwa Aleppo, da yuwuwar kai hari a tsakiyar gwamnatin Latakia.  Garuruwan 'yan Shi'a biyu na Fouaa da Kefray, da yanzu aka yiwa kawanya, za su fuskanci halaka kuma watakila za su fuskanci kisan kiyashi idan ba su amince da zaman lafiya da dakarun 'yan tawaye ba, a cewar wani sako daga *Syria Comment*, karkashin Joshua Landis .  Lina Khatib na kungiyar Carnegie Endowment ta yi adawa da hakan, wacce ta bayyana a cikin wani rahoto na baya-bayan nan game da kungiyar al-Nusra a arewacin Siriya cewa "Yawancin wadanda ke goyon bayan al-Nusra ba akida ne ke tafiyar da su ba, amma ra'ayin kin jinin Assad ne" .  Sai dai wasu na da ra'ayin cewa yiwuwar samun ci gaban 'yan tawaye a wasu fagarorin sakamakon wannan yakin ba zai faru ba idan sojojin gwamnati suka kaddamar da farmaki domin kwato birnin. Bugu da kari, ana ganin faduwar Idlib zai dagula yunkurin Turkiyya na samun goyon bayan tabbatar da dokar hana zirga-zirga a arewacin Siriya. 

Idan aka yi la’akari da rawar da al-Nusra Front, reshen al-Qaeda ta Siriya/Labanon ke takawa, an taso da yiwuwar Idlib ya zama babban birnin yankunan da ke karkashin ikon al-Nusra. Wani memba na Ahrar al-Sham, yana mai nuni da yiwuwar hakan, ya ce: “Ina ganin al-Nusra ya fi wayo da gwada hakan.”  Abu Mohammad al-Julani ya bayyana cewa al-Nusra Front ba ta "son ta mallaki ikon Idlib. birnin", kira da a raba madafun iko da kuma kara da cewa hukuma "ba ta zo ne daga tsoratar da jama'a ba, sai dai don kare su, da kayar da mai zaluntarsu da kuma kare raunana"  . Har ila yau, ya zuwa watan Mayun 2016, al-Nusra ta yi yunƙuri na bai ɗaya don faɗaɗa ikonta a kan Idlib da sauran garuruwan da ke kusa da hannun 'yan tawaye, da nufin aza harsashin kafa ƙasa ta farko ta al Qaeda (ko Masarautar) kamar yadda Charles Lister ya bayyana. 

## Duba kuma

* Yakin Idlib na farko
* Yaƙin Aleppo (2012-16)
* Yaƙin Raqqa (Maris 2013)
* Dakatar da al-Fu'ah da Kafriyya

## Manazarta