Ahmad Jamal

**Ahmad Jamal** (an haife shi **Frederick Russell Jones**; 2 ga Yuli, 1930 - 16 ga Afrilu, 2023) ya kasance dan wasan jazz na Amurka, mawaƙi, jagora, kuma malami. Shekaru sittin, ya kasance daya daga cikin shugabannin kananan kungiyoyi masu nasara a jazz. Ya kasance National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) Jazz Master kuma ya lashe kyautar Lifetime Achievement Grammy saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga tarihin kiɗa.

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Jamal Frederick Russell Jones a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, a ranar 2 ga Yuli, 1930.  Ya fara buga piano yana da shekaru uku, lokacin da kawunsa Lawrence ya kalubalanci shi ya sake maimaita abin da yake wasa. Jamal ya fara horar da piano yana da shekaru bakwai tare da Mary Cardwell Dawson, wanda ya ce ya rinjaye shi sosai. Kodayake Jamal sananne ne saboda salon sa na wasa, yana da babbar hanyar piano tun yana ƙarami kuma yana wasa Liszt etudes a gasar tun yana ƙarama yana ɗan shekara 11. Tushensa na Pittsburgh ya kasance wani muhimmin bangare na asalinsa ("Pittsburgh yana nufin komai a gare ni kuma har yanzu yana yin, "ya ce a shekara ta 2001),  kuma a can ne ya nutse cikin tasirin masu fasahar jazz kamar Earl Hines, Billy Strayhorn, Mary Lou Williams, da Erroll Garner. Jamal ya yi karatu tare da pianist James Miller kuma ya fara buga piano a sana'a yana da shekaru goma sha huɗu,  a wannan lokacin ne pianist Art Tatum ya gane shi a matsayin "mai girma". Lokacin da wani mai sukar daga The New York Times ya tambaye shi game da dabi'unsa na aiki, Jamal ya yi sharhi cewa, "Na kasance ina yin aiki da motsa jiki tare da ƙofar a buɗe, ina fatan wani zai zo ya gano ni. Ba ni taɓa zama mai aiki a cikin ma'anar sa'o'i goma sha biyu a rana, amma koyaushe ina tunanin kiɗa. " 

### Farko
 
Jamal ya fara yawon shakatawa tare da Orchestra na George Hudson bayan kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Sakandare ta George Westinghouse a shekarar 1948.  Daga nan sai ya shiga ƙungiyar yawon shakatawa The Four Strings, wanda ya rushe lokacin da violinist Joe Kennedy Jr. ya bar. A shekara ta 1950 ya koma Chicago,  yana yin lokaci-lokaci tare da mawaƙa na gida Von Freeman da Claude McLin,  kuma solo a Palm Tavern, wani lokaci ya haɗu da mai bugawa Ike Day.

An haife shi ga iyayen Baptist, Jamal ya zama mai sha'awar Islama da al'adun Islama a Detroit, inda akwai al'ummar Musulmi mai yawa a cikin 1940s da 1950s. Ya tuba zuwa addinin Islama kuma ya canza sunansa zuwa Ahmad Jamal a shekarar 1950. A wata hira da The New York Times bayan 'yan shekaru, ya ce shawarar da ya yanke na canza sunansa ya samo asali ne daga sha'awar "maido da sunana na asali. "  Ba da daɗewa ba bayan juyowa zuwa Islama, ya bayyana wa The New York Time cewa "yana yin addu'o'in Musulmi sau biyar a rana kuma ya tashi a kan lokaci don yin addu'arsa ta farko da karfe 5 na safe. Ya ce su a Larabci daidai da al'adar Musulmi. "

Jamal made his first records in 1951 for the Okeh label with The Three Strings (which would later also be called the Ahmad Jamal Trio, although Jamal himself avoided using the term "trio"): the other members were guitarist Ray Crawford and a bassist, at different times Eddie Calhoun (1950–52), Richard Davis (1953–54), and Israel Crosby (1954–62). The Three Strings arranged an extended engagement at Chicago's Blue Note, but leapt to fame after performing at the Embers in New York City where John Hammond saw the band play and signed them to Okeh Records. Hammond, a record producer who discovered the talents and enhanced the fame of musicians like Benny Goodman, Billie Holiday, and Count Basie, helped Jamal's trio attract critical acclaim. Jamal subsequently recorded for Parrot (1953–55) and Epic (1955) using the piano-guitar-bass lineup. He recorded his first album with a drummer, Walter Perkins, in 1956: *Count 'Em 88*, which includes the influential revival of the song "On Green Dolphin Street".

Sautin trio ya canza sosai lokacin da aka maye gurbin Crawford da mai bugawa, kuma Vernel Fournier ya ɗauki wannan matsayi a shekara ta 1957. Kungiyar ta yi aiki a matsayin "gidan uku" a Otal din Pershing na Chicago.[1] Wadannan uku sun fitar da kundin rayuwa a At the Pershing: But Not for Me, wanda ya kasance a kan ginshiƙai goma mafi kyawun makonni 108. Jamal sanannen rikodin kai tsaye na waƙar Nat Simon "Poinciana", wanda Jamal ya fara rubuta a kan The Piano Scene of Ahmad Jamal, an sake shi a wannan kundin.

## Manazarta