Michael Kelly (tenor)

**Michael Kelly** (25 1762 - 9 Oktoba 1826) ya kasance dan wasan Irish, mawaƙi kuma manajan wasan kwaikwayo wanda ya yi aiki na kasa da kasa mai muhimmanci a tarihin kiɗa.  Ɗaya daga cikin manyan mutane a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya a farkon karni na sha tara, ya kasance abokin tarayya na marubucin wasan kwaikwayo da mawaƙi Richard Brinsley Sheridan . Ya kuma zama abokantaka da mawaƙa kamar Mozart, Storace, da Paisiello, kuma ya kirkiro matsayi ga wasan kwaikwayo na dukkan mawaƙa uku. Tare da abokinsa kuma abokiyar mawaƙa Nancy Storace, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu ba da labari na farko na wannan zamanin daga Burtaniya da Ireland don zama sananne a Italiya da Austria. A Italiya an kuma san shi da O'Kelly  ko ma Signor Ochelli .  Kodayake tushen rayuwarsa shine Reminiscences, an jefa shakku game da amincin asusun kansa, kuma an ce '[a]ny statement of Kelly's nan da nan ana tuhuma. '

## Farkon Dublin
Mahaifin Michael Kelly Thomas, mai sayar da ruwan inabi na Roman Katolika kuma mai kula da rawa, yana da matsayi mai muhimmanci a matsayin Master of Ceremonies a Dublin Castle, wurin zama na gwamnatin Burtaniya a Ireland. An ba Michael ilimi mai zurfi na kiɗa (musamman murya da keyboard) tun yana ƙarami, malamansa na farko sune Italiyanci Passerini (na Bologna) da Niccolò Peretti, namiji mai suna contralto, wanda ya raira waƙa a Covent Garden a cikin asali na wasan kwaikwayo na Thomas Arne (a kan rubutun Metastasio) *Artaxerxes* (a kan taken).  Kelly ya ce Peretti ya mallaki portamento na gaskiya, 'ƙananan fahimtar shekarun 1820.' Tare da shi Kelly ya yi nazarin iska 'A jariri fatanmu da tsoro', wanda aka tsara don Peretti. Kelly ya kuma yi karatun keyboard tare da ɗan Thomas Arne, Michael Arne .

An aika shi zuwa makarantar Dr Burke, Kelly ya sadu da "mutane masu basira" da yawa a gidajen abokai a lokacin hutu. Ya sami darussan waka daga "signor St Giorgio" a Rotunda da darussan piano daga Philip Cogan .  Har ila yau, sanannen likitan-violinist John Neale, mai baƙo na iyali, ya koya masa a cikin wani aria daga wasan kwaikwayo na Vento  *Demofoonte* . A lokuta daban-daban baƙi zuwa gidan Kellys sun haɗa da shahararrun mawaƙa kamar François-Hippolyte Barthélemon, Wilhelm Cramer (mahaifin John), Thomas Pinto (kakan George), Johann Peter Solomon da kuma mai kunnawa John Crosdill . 

Daga cikinsu akwai namiji soprano Venanzio Rauzzini (1746-1810), aboki na Haydn da Charles Burney wanda, bayan wani lokaci a Vienna da Munich, ya zauna a Ingila c.1774 kuma ya kasance malamin matashiyar Nancy Storace. Yayinda yake a Dublin a shekara ta 1778, ya dauki Michael Kelly a ƙarƙashin fuka-fukansa, ya ba shi darussan kuma ya koya masa waƙoƙi da yawa, gami da nasa "Fuggiamo di questo loco" (wanda Linley ya gabatar a cikin *Duenna* tare da kalmomin Sheridan kamar "Da shi muna son ya yi fushi"). Rauzzini ya shawarce shi ya kamata a tura shi zuwa wani conservatory a Roma ko Naples, kuma mahaifinsa ya tsara shirye-shirye daidai. A halin yanzu, Michael Arne ya zauna a Dublin don samar da soyayya mai ban mamaki na Garrick *Cymon*, wanda ya rubuta waƙar: don musayar alherin mahaifinsa, Arne ya ba Michael darussan yau da kullun da ƙarfafawa na yau da kullun.

Kelly ya kuma fara fitowa a Dublin. Wani mai gabatar da kara, Pedro Martini, ya kawo kamfanin Italiya (ciki har da Peretti) don yin wasan kwaikwayo na ban dariya a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Smock Alley . Sig. Savoy, wanda ya raira waƙar babban rawar soprano na Count a cikin Piccinni's La buona figliuola, ba shi da lafiya, kuma an kawo Kelly (wanda har yanzu yake raira waƙa sau uku) kuma ya sami babban nasara. Koyaya Martini ya kasa biyan kuɗi, kuma ƙwararrun 'yan wasa nan da nan suka buge kuma suka warwatse. Michael Arne sa ya taka rawar Cymon na dare uku a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Crow Street, kuma yana da fa'ida a matsayin Master Lionel a cikin *Lionel da Clarissa* na Baldassare Galuppi. 

## Italiya, 1779-1783
A watan Mayu na shekara ta 1779, Kelly ya yi tafiya zuwa Naples inda, a matsayin mai kare Sir William Hamilton,  ya shiga tare da Fenaroli a 1537 Conservatorio Santa Maria di Loreto, tare da gata.  Ya fara halartar wasan kwaikwayo da ballets, kuma ya sami gabatarwa a gidaje masu daraja da yawa, yana saduwa da Domenico Cimarosa, ɗalibin da Fenaroli ya fi so, a ɗaya. Hamilton ya sami ganawa da Sarki da Sarauniya na Naples, wanda ya raira waƙa,  kuma tare da Hamilton (masanin ilimin dutsen wuta) ya ga fashewar Vesuvius a watan Agusta na shekara ta 1779. 

A Naples namiji soprano Giuseppe Aprile (1732-1813) (kuma malami ne na Cimarosa) ya ba shi karatun kyauta yayin ziyarar bikin zuwa Sicily a cikin bazara na 1780.  Kelly ya fara zuwa Gaeta, inda ya raira waƙa a ƙarƙashin Aprile, wanda ya ci gaba da ba shi darussan yau da kullun da abincin dare: sannan zuwa Palermo, inda ya yi karatu sa'o'i da Yaduwa a rana yayin da muryarsa ta sauka zuwa tenor. Ba da daɗewa ba ya raira waƙoƙin tenor wanda ya kafa asalin Giacomo Davide  da Giovanni Ansani (1744-1826).  Tare da Aprile ya ziyarci gidaje masu daraja da yawa kuma ya fara fitowa a bikin na yau da kullun a Chiesa Grande, Palermo, a cikin motet na Gennario Maro .  Aprile ya koya masa aikin Metastasio da sauran mawaƙan Italiyanci kuma, lokacin su ya ƙare, ya gaya masa cewa yanzu yana shirye ya raira waƙa a kowane gidan wasan kwaikwayo a Turai. Ya rubuta wasiƙun gabatarwa ga Andrea Campigli, mai ba da izini na Florence Teatro La Pergola, kuma ya sami matsayin Kelly a cikin jirgin ruwa don Livorno. "A karkashin kulawarsa da kulawa, "in ji Aprile, "ba za ku iya kasa samun nasara ba saboda kuna da bambanci na musamman na kasancewa kawai masanin jama'a da na taɓa koyarwa".

## Manazarta