Diane Nash

**Diane Judith Nash** (an Haife shi a watan Mayu 15, 1938) yar fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a ce ta Amurka, kuma shugaba kuma mai dabaru na reshen daliban kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a .

Kamfen na Nash sun kasance daga cikin mafi nasara na zamanin. Ƙoƙarin da ta yi ya haɗa da yaƙin neman zaɓe na yancin ɗan adam na farko da ya yi nasara don haɗa masu lissafin abincin rana (Nashville);  'Yan Riders na 'Yanci, waɗanda suka ware tafiye-tafiye tsakanin jihohi;  tare da kafa Kwamitin Gudanar da Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru (SNCC); da kuma ƙaddamar da Ayyukan Haƙƙin Zaɓe na Alabama da kuma yin aiki a kan Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Zaɓen Selma . Wannan ya taimaka wajen samun nassi na Majalisa na Dokar 'Yancin Zabe na 1965, wanda ya ba da izini ga gwamnatin tarayya don kulawa da kuma tilasta ayyukan jihohi don tabbatar da cewa ba a hana 'yan Afirka da sauran tsiraru daga yin rajista da jefa kuri'a ba.

A cikin Yuli 2022, Shugaba Joe Biden ya ba Nash lambar yabo ta Shugaban Kasa ta 'Yanci . 

## Tarihin Rayuwa

### Rayuwar farko
An haifi Nash a cikin 1938 kuma ta girma Katolika a cikin dangi na tsakiya a Chicago ta mahaifinta Leon Nash da mahaifiyarta Dorothy Bolton Nash. Mahaifinta tsohon soja ne a yakin duniya na biyu . Mahaifiyarta ta yi aiki a matsayin ma’aikacin maɓalli a lokacin yaƙin, inda ta bar Nash a hannun kakarta, Carrie Bolton, har zuwa shekara bakwai. Carrie Bolton mace ce mai al'ada, wacce aka sani da gyaranta da ɗabi'a. 

Bayan yakin, auren iyayen Nash ya ƙare. Dorothy ya sake yin aure da John Baker, ma'aikaci a kan motocin cin abinci na layin dogo mallakar Kamfanin Pullman . Baker ya kasance memba na Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, daya daga cikin mafi iko baƙar fata ƙungiyoyi a cikin al'umma. Yayin da Dorothy ta daina aiki a wajen gidan, Diane ta ga ƙarancin kakarta Carrie Bolton. Duk da haka, Bolton ya ci gaba da zama muhimmiyar tasiri a rayuwar Nash kuma ya himmatu don tabbatar da Diane ta fahimci darajarta.  Bolton ba ya yawan magana game da launin fata, yana gaskanta cewa tsofaffin su ne suka koyar da wariyar launin fata ga matasa. Kalaman kakarta da ayyukan kakarta sun sa Diane kwarin gwiwa da kwarjini na kima da kai. A lokaci guda, tasirin kakarta ya samar da muhallin matsuguni wanda ya bar ta cikin rauni ga tsananin wariyar launin fata a duniyar waje. 

### Ilimi
Nash ya halarci makarantun Katolika, kuma a wani lokaci ya yi la'akari da zama mata.  Har ila yau, ita ce ta zo ta biyu a gasar kyawun yankin da ta kai ga gasar Miss Illinois. 

Bayan kammala karatunsa daga makarantar sakandaren Hyde Park a Chicago, Nash ya tafi Washington, DC, don halartar Jami'ar Howard, kwalejin baƙar fata ta tarihi (HBCU). Bayan shekara guda, ta koma Jami'ar Fisk a Nashville, Tennessee, inda ta yi karatu a Turanci. Nash ta yarda cewa tana fatan samun ci gaba ta sirri yayin lokacinta a kwaleji kuma tana son bincika batutuwan ƙalubale na lokacin.  A Nashville, an fara fallasa ta ga cikakken ƙarfin dokokin Jim Crow da al'adu da tasirin su akan rayuwar Blacks. Nash ta ba da labarin irin abubuwan da ta samu a bikin baje kolin na Jihar Tennessee a lokacin da ta yi amfani da ɗakin wanka na "Mata Launi", wanda ke nuna karo na farko da ta taɓa gani kuma alamar rabuwa ta shafe ta.  Ya fusata da gaskiyar rarrabuwa, Nash ya fara nuna alamun jagoranci kuma nan da nan ya zama cikakken ɗan gwagwarmaya. 

### Nashville Student Movement
A Fisk, Nash ya nemi hanyar ƙalubalantar rarrabuwa. Nash ya fara halartar tarurrukan tarzoma na rashin biyayya da James Lawson ya jagoranta.  Yayin da yake Indiya, James Lawson ya yi nazarin dabarun Mahatma Gandhi na ayyukan rashin tashin hankali kai tsaye da kuma juriya da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin yunkurin siyasarsa.  A ƙarshen zangonta na farko a Fisk, Nash ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan almajirai na Lawson. Duk da cewa asalinta ba ta da son shiga cikin tashin hankali, Nash ta fito a matsayin jagora saboda yadda ta yi magana da kyau yayin magana da hukuma da manema labarai. A cikin 1960 tana da shekaru 22, ta zama jagorar zama na Nashville, wanda ya kasance daga Fabrairu zuwa Mayu. Taron karawa juna sani na Lawson ya hada da kwaikwaiyo don shiryawa dalibai yadda za su magance cin zarafi da tsokanar da za su fuskanta daga karshe a lokacin zaman. A cikin shirye-shiryen, ɗaliban za su fita zuwa shaguna da gidajen cin abinci da ke ware, ba abin da suke yi sai magana da manaja lokacin da aka ƙi yin hidima. Lawson ya kimanta mu'amalarsu a cikin kowane siminti da zama, yana tunatar da su su kasance da ƙauna da tausayi ga masu cin zarafi.  Wannan motsi ya kasance na musamman don lokacin a cikin jagorancinsa kuma ya ƙunshi daliban koleji da matasa.  Gidan zama na Nashville ya bazu zuwa biranen 69 a duk faɗin Amurka. 

A cikin Disamba 2021, Majalisar Birni ta Nashville da Davidson County sun kada kuri'a don ba da sunan saukowa a gaban kotun, inda masu zanga-zangar karkashin jagorancin Nash suka yi tir da Magajin Garin Yamma game da kebantattun wuraren cin abinci na cikin gari, Diane Nash Plaza. Yunkurin da aka yi a baya na sanya sunan wurin shakatawar da ke gaban kotun dominta ya ci tura saboda dokokin sun hana a sakawa wuraren shakatawa na Nashville sunayen mutane masu rai. 

A ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2022, Fadar White House ta ba da sanarwar cewa za a ba Nash lambar yabo ta 'Yanci na Shugaban kasa . 

### Daga baya rayuwa
Bayan Ƙungiyoyin 'Yancin Bil'adama, Nash ta koma Chicago, inda ta yi aiki a fannonin ilimi da gidaje, ta ci gaba da zama mai ba da shawara da kuma abubuwan da suka dace kamar gidaje masu kyau da kuma kokarin yaki.  Har yanzu tana zaune a Chicago, mil mil kaɗan daga ɗanta Douglass Bevel, wanda ta kasance kusa da shi. 

## Manazarta