Bernard Martin (masanin muhalli)

**Bernard Martin** masanin Kanada ne kuma masanin muhalli. An ba shi lambar yabo ta Goldman a 1999.

## Rayuwar farko
Martin an haife shi kuma ya girma a cikin dangin masunta a Petty Harbor. Newfoundland. Ya ci gaba a cikin al'adun gargajiyar gargajiyar gargajiyar danginsa a matsayinta na mai kamun ƙarni na huɗu.

## Dakatar da kamun kifi

Kamun kifi ya kasance hanyar rayuwa a cikin Newfoundland tsawon ƙarnika, amma bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, yawan cinikin kamun kifi da abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli sun fara yin mummunan lahani, tare da yawan jama'a a cikin raguwar ƙarancin ƙarfi. Martin da sauran masunta a cikin teku sun lura da kamun kifin da suke raguwa kuma suka sanar da jami'an gwamnati halin da ake ciki. Sun yi fatan cewa sauƙaƙe rage ƙididdigar kodin na iya hana raguwar. Sun tafi har zuwa ƙirƙirar yankin kifi mai kariya a kusa da Petty Harbor/Maddox Cove kuma sun kafa kungiyar iswararrun Masunta a cikin 1983, don karɓar ikon sarrafa masana'antar yankin. Koyaya, manyan kamun kifi a cikin teku sun kasance daga baya sun amince da tafiyar hawainiya da ci gaba da kamun kifi, wanda hakan ya haifar da durkushewar masana'antar. Kayan aikin kamun kifi na zamani kamar gidan sauro na gindi mai tsauri sun kasance masu tsauri musamman kan halittun ruwa. Martin da wasu sun ci gaba da ba jami'an gwamnati shawara cewa wannan ba mai ɗorewa ba ne.

A shekarar 1992, gwamnatin Kanada ta hana kamun kifi na kasuwanci da fatan yawan kifin zai karu. Bayan dakatar da kamun kifi na kasuwanci, Martin yayi sharhi cewa da yawa har yanzu suna ciyar da abincin su ta hanyar kamun kifi na shakatawa, amma an hana wannan ma a 1994. Tsakanin asarar kuɗi da buƙatar maye gurbin ƙimar abincin kodin tare da ƙarin kayan masarufi, da yawa a cikin Newfoundland sun yi fama da matsalar kuɗi. Martin, duk da yake ya san mahimmancin haramcin, amma duk da haka ya yanke kauna game da hana kamun kifi saboda wannan ya tilastawa iyalai da al'ummomi yin watsi da halaye da ke tattare da tsararraki don sabon salon rayuwa.

## Aikin muhalli da kyauta
Kafin da bayan dakatarwar, Martin ya tashi don tallata gogewarsa da rashin tsari na masana'antar kodin a cikin fatan cewa sauran halittun cikin ruwa za a iya kiyaye su da kyau. Ya raba darussan da ya koya a Alaska, Nicaragua, New Zealand da Eritrea. Ya kuma zana kamanceceniya tsakanin yawan kamun kifi da gandun daji da ke tsohuwar gabar yamma. An kama shi a kusa da Clayoquot Sound saboda shiga cikin kawancen yanke sara a 1993.

Ya taimaka aka samo *Fishers Organized for Revitalization of Communities and Ecosystems (FORCE)* wanda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta tallafawa. Ya kuma yi aiki a kan Sentinel Survey don yin nazarin hannayen jari da kuma ko za a iya hana ɓarnar. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da ƙungiyar Newfoundland da Labrador Oceans Caucus na shekara guda. Ya kasance mai surutu wajen sukar amfani da raga.

Martin ya kasance mai karɓar Kyautar Muhalli ta Goldman a shekara ta 1999, bayan Saliyo ta Kanada ta zaɓe shi don yabawa da shawarwarin da ya bayar don ceton masana'antar kodin daga kamun kifi da ayyukan kasuwanci masu cutarwa kamar safara. Ya yi niyyar amfani da kyautar don biyan basussukan da aka ciyo daga hanin, don tallafa wa yaransa huɗu da kuma ba da sadaka. Yayi farin ciki da cewa dalilin zai iya samun kwarjini ta hanyar kyautar sa.

Ya zuwa shekarar 2012, kodin ya kasance ba shi da yawa kuma masanan sun ba da shawarar cewa a dauki irin wannan matakan a gabar gabashin Amurka da kuma duk da yiwuwar tasirin tattalin arziki. Yayin da kifin kifin ya maye gurbin kodin a matsayin babbar kasuwa, masunta na Kanada sun fi kulawa don kasancewa cikin iyakokin kamawa da aka ba da shawarar don adana ƙoshin lafiya, ɗorewar jama'a. Martin kansa ya canza zuwa kamun kaguwa. Yana da kwarin gwiwa cewa hannayen jari na murmurewa a hankali.

## Manazarta


## Hanyoyin haɗin waje
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