Adelaide Johnson

**Adelaide Johnson** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1859 – 1955) wata sculptor Ba’amurkiya ce wanda aikinta ke nunawa a cikin Capitol na Amurka kuma ’yar mata wacce ta sadaukar da kai ga daidaiton mata.An san ta a matsayin "mai sassaka motsin mata". 

## Tarihin Rayuwa

Haihuwar Sarah Adeline Johnson zuwa gidan gona mai girman kai a Plymouth, Illinois,ta halarci makarantar karkara sannan ta dauki darasi a Makarantar Zane ta St. Louis.  A cikin 1878, ta canza daga Sarah Adeline zuwa Adelaide, sunan da take tunanin ya fi ban mamaki. Ta koma Chicago kuma ta tallafa wa kanta da fasaharta.A cikin Janairu 1882,tana sauri don isa ɗakinta,ta zame ta faɗi ƙafa ashirin a ƙasan rijiyar lif mara tsaro. Mummunan rauni,ta kai kara don biyan diyya kuma an ba ta adadin dala 15,000. Wannan rauni da lambar yabo ya ba ta 'yancin kuɗi don tafiya Turai don nazarin zane-zane da sassaka, damar da ba za ta samu ba idan ba tare da hadarin ba.  Ta yi amfani da damar yin karatu a Dresden da Rome,tana karatu tare da Giulio Monteverde a Rome inda ta ajiye ɗakin studio har zuwa 1920.

Johnson ta baje kolin aikinta,*The Portrait Monument* da bust na Caroline B. Winslow a Ginin Mata a 1893 World's Columbian Exposition a Chicago, Illinois. Babban abin da ta yi fice a sana'arta shi ne ta kammala wani abin tunawa a Washington DC don girmama gwagwarmayar zaɓen mata.Alva Belmont ya taimaka wajen samar da kudade don yanki,*hoto ga Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, da Susan B. Anthony*, wanda aka bayyana a cikin 1921.  An fara nuna wannan yanki a cikin crypt na US Capitol, amma an matsar da shi zuwa wurin da yake yanzu kuma an nuna shi sosai a cikin rotunda a cikin 1997. 

A shekara ta 1896 ta auri Frederick Jenkins,wani ɗan kasuwa ɗan Biritaniya kuma ɗan'uwanta mai cin ganyayyaki wanda ya girme ta da shekara goma sha ɗaya.Ya ɗauki sunan danginta na Johnson a matsayin "ƙaunar haraji ga hazaka." Wata mata minista ce ta auro su,kuma ’yan matan aurenta su ne bust din da ta sassaka Susan B. Anthony da Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Anyi aure bayan shekara goma sha biyu.

Aikinta ya ragu bayan shekarun 1930,kuma matsalolin kudi sun mamaye ta. Ta dogara ga wasu don tallafin kuɗi kuma sau da yawa ba ta son sayar da sassakakkunta don tana jin farashin da aka bayar bai gane aikinta ba.Yayin da take fuskantar korar ta saboda rashin biyan haraji,a cikin 1939 ta gayyaci manema labarai don shaida yadda ta yanke sassakakikanta a matsayin wata zanga-zangar adawa da yanayinta, da kuma rashin cimma burinta na gidan kayan tarihi na bikin tunawa da 'yan takara da sauran masu fafutukar mata.Ta koma tare da abokai a cikin 1947 kuma ta fito a shirye-shiryen tambayoyin TV suna ƙoƙarin samun kuɗi don siyan gida. Halayenta na hazaka ya sa ta yi karya game da shekarunta a rayuwarta.Ta yi bikin cika shekaru 100 da haihuwa tana da shekaru 88, da sanin cewa hakan ya sa jama'a su yi kyau.Bayan mutuwarta,an rawaito shekarunta sun kai 108, ko da yake ta kasance "kawai" 96.An binne ta a Washington, DC a makabartar Majalisa. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Johnson ta zama mai cin ganyayyaki a lokacin ƙuruciyarta. Ta kasance mai cin ganyayyaki domin ta yi imanin cewa ba daidai ba ne a ɗabi'a a ɗauki ran kowace halitta.  A cikin 1893, Johnson ta kasance mai magana a taron masu cin ganyayyaki na duniya na uku a Chicago. 

Johnson bata rungumi wani addini ba amma tayi sha'awar Kimiyyar Kiristanci, Ruhaniya da Tauhidi. Ta kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Ruhaniya ta Ƙasa ta Coci.  'Yarta, Alathena Johnson Smith,ta zama sanan niyar masaniyar ilimin halayyar yara.

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Jagora ga Takardun Adelaide Johnson, 1884-1945, Rubenstein Library, Jami'ar Duke

## Kara karantawa

* Makabartar Majalisa, Washington DC