Sakamakon sauyin yanayi a Hong Kong

Sakamakon sauyin yanayi ya fi shafan yanayin muhallin **[[Hong Kong]]**. Yanayin Hong Kong yanayi ne na yanayi saboda canjin yanayin iska tsakanin lokacin sanyi da bazara.

Hong Kong tana da kwanciyar hankali a yanayin ƙasa tsawon miliyoyin shekaru. Flora da fauna a Hong Kong suna canzawa ta canjin yanayi, canjin yanayin teku, da tasirin ɗan adam.

## Yanayi
Yanayin Hong Kong yana da yanayi mai zafi amma rabin shekara yana da zafi. Yankin yana Kudu da wurare masu zafi na Cancer wanda yayi daidai da Hawaii a latitude. To sai dai a lokacin sanyi, iska mai ƙarfi da sanyi takan tashi daga Arewa zuwa Hong Kong; a lokacin rani, iska tana jujjuya alƙibla kuma tana kawo iska mai dumi da ɗanɗano daga Kudu. Wannan yanayin zai tallafa wa gandun daji na wurare masu zafi.

## Abubuwan wadata a Hong Kong
Ana ɗaukar Hong Kong mai wadatar nau'ikan nau'ikan iri. Yawan nau'in tsuntsayen da ke Hong Kong ya kai kashi uku bisa uku na na ƙasar Sin yayin da adadin nau'in malam buɗe ido shi ma ya kasance kashi shida (6) na jimillar nau'in malam buɗe ido a ƙasar Sin bisa ga binciken da aka yi. 

## Tsarin muhalli a Hong Kong

## Mangroves
Mangroves mazauninsu ne na rufin laka mai ruɗe tare da rage tasirin igiyoyin ruwa, kusa da tushen ruwa mai daɗi. Sannan Kuma Shahararrun wuraren zama na mangrove a Hong Kong suna kusa da Deep Bay, irin su Pak Nai da Tsim Bei Tsui, inda gishiri ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa a ƙarƙashin tasirin ruwan da aka yi daga kogin Pearl, da kuma tare da wasu fakitin laka inda aka saukar da salinity ta kogunan da ke kewaye. irin su Fathoms Cove da Ting Kok . Bishiyoyin da ke zaune a wannan wurin ana kiran bishiyar mangrove.

Waɗannan su ne wuraren wuraren mangroves a Hong Kong:

* Deep Bay
* Tolo Harbor
* Hoi Ha Wan
* Long Harbor
* Hebe Haven
* Tai O
* Tung Chung
* Tai Tam Harbor
* Pui O 
* Kei Ling Ha

### Gashi mai duwatsu
Nisan tekun Hong Kong yana da kusan mita 2.5 kuma rarraba nau'in nau'in da ke cikin wannan yanki dole ne ya kasance mai jurewa ga yanayin biyu cewa gabar tekun suna rufe da ruwan teku a lokacin da ake yawan ruwa da kuma bakin tekun suna fuskantar iska kai tsaye a lokacin ƙananan igiyar ruwa, domin awanni ko kwanaki. Wasu daga cikin Nau'o'in da suka dace da waɗannan yanayi daban-daban an kwatanta su da ƙwararru don samun nasarar yin amfani da ƴan ƴan ƴan wurare a tsaye a bakin gaɓar dutse .

Nau'in da ke zaune a gaɓar dutsen Hong Kong sun bambanta daidai da faɗuwar tasirin igiyar ruwa daga teku. Kwayoyin ciyar da matattara na sessile suna zaune a bakin tekun da aka fallasa. Suna iya haɗawa a saman dutsen kuma suna cire barbashin abinci a cikin ruwa mai ruɗani yayin da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire da namun daji ke zaune a cikin gaɓar matsuguni. Kuma Ire-iren halittun su ma sun sha bamban da na yanayi, musamman a Hong Kong inda magudanar ruwa ke canjawa da yanayi: kadan ne ake samun tsayayyen foliose macro-algae a lokacin rani saboda suna iya fama da zafi mai zafi; Yawancin foliose algae ana samun su a bakin teku a lokacin hunturu.

Waɗannan su ne wuraren rairayin bakin teku masu a Hong Kong:

* Luk Ken
* Kei Ling Ha Lo Wai
* Cape D'Aguilar Marine Reserve

### Rafukan ruwa
Akwai nau'ikan wuraren zama na ruwa guda biyu: ruwan lenti, kamar tafkuna, tafkuna, ramuka, da ruwan magarya, kamar koguna, koguna. Sannan Rafuffuka misali ne na wurin zama na Hong Kong.

Akwai manyan abubuwa guda uku don bambance wuraren zama a Hong Kong: bambancin halin yanzu, adadin detritus da madaidaicin abun ciki na oxygen. Wadannan abubuwan suna ba da gudummawa don sa dabbobi su daidaita ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Kuma Dole ne su haɗa kansu zuwa saman, zama masu ciyarwa na detritus galibi kuma suna da hanyar samun matsakaicin iskar oxygen.

Ga jerin koguna a Hong Kong:

* Wa Mei Shan
* Lam Tsuen River
* Shing Mun River

### Yashi bakin teku
Abubuwan da ke biyo baya sune wurin bakin tekun yashi a Hong Kong:

* Starfish Bay

## Matsaloli

### Gurbacewa

#### Gabaɗaya

A cikin Shekarata 1989, gwamnatin Hong Kong ta fahimci cewa Hong Kong na cikin haɗarin zama babban birni mai yawan jama'a. Sakamakon bunkasuwar tattalin arziki da sassan kasuwanci, ruwa, sharar gida da gurbacewar iska na haifar da illa ga ma'aunin muhalli a Hong Kong.

Masana'antu, gonaki da gidajen cin abinci a cikin Sabon Territories suna zubar da najasa mai yawa har ma da sharar da ba a kula da su ba cikin rafuka da teku. Yana sa kogunan Sabbin Yankuna su kasance 'ba su fi buɗaɗɗen magudanun ruwa' ba. Wannan mummunan barna ba zai iya jurewa ba kuma halittun da ke cikin teku su ne wadanda abin ya shafa kai tsaye. 

Dolphin ruwan hoda na daya daga cikin wadanda abin ya shafa. A karkashin barazana daga gurbataccen sinadarai, karuwar zirga-zirgar teku da kuma lalata galibin bakin tekun don farfado da kasa, adadin dolphins masu ruwan hoda ya ragu matuka yayin da birnin ke ci gaba da bunkasa. 

Wurin ajiyar yanayi da tsuntsaye a Mai Po Marsh su ne sauran wadanda abin ya shafa. Ana barazanar ambaliyar ruwan alade da kuma karuwar gurbatar yanayi daga Shenzhen . To Amma duk da haka bisa ga Asusun World Wide Fund for Nature Hong Kong adadin masu baƙar fata cokali na hunturu a Mai Po ya karu daga kusan 35 a ƙarshen shekarar 1980 zuwa 152 bayan shekaru 10. Kimanin 400 ana hange bayan shekarata 2000 . Ƙididdiga kan yawan waɗannan tsuntsayen da suka rage a cikin daji ya bambanta daga 2,000 zuwa 1,000. 

An lalata gonakin kawa ta hanyar gurɓata yanayi da gasa daga noman kawa mai rahusa a kan iyakar China.

#### Gurbacewar iska
Gurbacewar iska wata babbar matsala ce. Kamfanonin hayaki da ke kashe hayaki, gine-ginen da ba a daina aiki da kuma manyan motocin dizal sun yi wa matakan haɗari na ƙwayoyin cuta da nitrogen dioxide . Sannan Kuma Ba kawai flora da fauna abin ya shafa ba har ma da mutane. Al’amura na asma da cututtuka na burowa sun karu a cikin ‘yan shekarun nan, kuma likitoci sun dora laifin a kan rashin ingancin iska.

#### Gurbacewar yanayi
A cewar wani binciken Jami'ar Baptist, matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin yau da kullun ya karu da digiri 0.02 (Celsius) a kowace shekara tsakanin shekarar 1965 zuwa 2003, saboda "kumburi na kankara" wanda ke kama zafi da rana kuma ya sake shi da dare. Matsakaicin matsakaicin yanayin zafi na yau da kullun ya faɗi da digiri 0.014 kowace shekara, saboda gurɓataccen iska yana toshe hasken rana. Sakamakon karuwar lokacin sanyi yanayin yanayi ya sa iyalai su yi amfani da na'urar sanyaya iska a cikin gida, wanda ke daɗa haɗa matsalar. 

Bincike ya nuna cewa yanayin zafi a cikin birane na iya zama wasu 5&nbsp;°C sama da wuraren da ba a gina su ba. Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Hong Kong ta umurci NASA da ta dauki hoto mai tsananin zafi na birnin Hong Kong ta tauraron dan adam da karfe 22:40 ranar 4 ga Agusta, Na shekarata 2007, wanda ya nuna akalla bambancin digiri 4 tsakanin wurare mafi sanyi da " tsibirin zafi na birni ". Bambance-bambancen suna da alaƙa ga mafi girman ɗaukar kayan da mutum ya yi, da yawan gini wanda ke hana kwararar iska. Tsibirin zafi na birni ya faɗaɗa zuwa Hung Hom tun watan Janairu, lokacin da aka ɗauki hoton farko. 

#### "Tasirin bango"

An sami karuwar damuwa tun shekarar 2006 game da "tasirin bango" da ke haifar da haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗabi'a waɗanda ke yin illa ga yanayin iska. Saboda yawan jama'ar Hong Kong da kuma tattalin arzikin da ya kai girman ci gaban jama'a, akwai ra'ayi na sabbin gine-ginen hasumiya masu zaman kansu tare da hasumiyai 10 zuwa sama da 100, masu tsayi daga cikin  30 zuwa 70 masu tsayi. Masu haɓaka gine-ginen gidaje suna da ƙwarin gwiwar kuɗi don haɓaka ra'ayi, tare da kashe kwararar iska kyauta. Yawancin gidaje masu kama da bango da ke gefen ruwa galibi ana yin su. 

Ƙananan ƙwararrun masu haɓakawa waɗanda ke da ƙarancin jari za su yi abubuwan cigaba a cikin cikawa. Waɗannan za su kasance ƙarami a cikin sikelin, kuma ƙasa da ƙasa ga tasirin bango.

Kungiyar kare muhalli ta ***Green Sense*** ta bayyana damuwa cewa binciken da suka yi kan gidaje 155 ya gano 104 suna da tsarin 'kamar bango'. Ya buga kadarori a cikin Tai Kok Tsui da Tseung Kwan O a matsayin "mafi kyawun misalai".  A watan Mayun shekarata 2007, da yake ambaton abubuwan da ke faruwa a yammacin Kowloon, da kuma kusa da Tai Wai da Yuen Dogon tashoshin jiragen kasa, wasu 'yan majalisar sun yi kira da a kafa dokar hana masu gine-gine gina dogayen gine-gine da ke yin illa ga zirga-zirgar iska a wuraren da jama'a ke da yawa, amma yunkurin ya ci tura.  A shekara ta 2007, mazauna birnin Tai Kok Tsui, sun kara fahimtar matsalar, sun yi ta fafutukar ganin an ci gaba da yaduwa irin wadannan manyan tudu a yankinsu wanda ke yin barazana ga titin jirgin sama na karshe. 

### Barazana ga flora da fauna

#### Lalacewar muhalli

* Shigar da bel ɗin kore
* Tasirin Levy na Gine-gine

#### Farautar nau'ikan ba bisa ka'ida ba ta kasar Sin
Tare da karuwar wadatar Sinanci, wasu daga cikinsu sun zama masu jin daɗin wasu ciyayi da namun daji, kamar *Podocarpus macrophyllus* (羅漢松; Cantonese: lo hon chung) da *Cuora trifasciata* (金錢龜; Cantonese: kam chin kwai). Wasu nau'ikan kayan alatu suna ƙara zama da wuya a Kudancin China saboda karuwar farauta, kuma mafarauta suna komawa Hong Kong.

#### Gabatarwar nau'ikan da ba na asali ba
Yawancin nau'ikan da aka gabatar ba su cutar da yanayin Hong Kong ba. Koyaya, wasu nau'ikan suna mamayewa kuma suna haifar da babbar illa ga muhalli da/ko tattalin arzikin Hong Kong. 

Alal misali, pinewood nematode daga Arewacin ƙasar Amirka da pine-allura sikelin kwari daga Taiwan, wanda tare kusan kawar da *Pinus massoniana* na asali a cikin  shekarar 1970s da 1980s. 

## Gallery

File:Bauhinia 4.jpg|Itacen orchid na Hong Kong
File:Camellia granthamiana fruit.jpg|'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na *[[Camellia granthamiana|Camellia Granthamiana]]*
File:VB 013 White Dragontail.jpg|*[[Lamproptera curius]]*
File:Ophiophagus hannah2.jpg|Sarkin kumbura
File:Python molure 13.JPG|Burma Python
File:Hawaii turtle 2.JPG|Koren kunkuru
File:Milvus migrans govinda.jpg|Bakar fata
File:Bengalkatze.jpg|Damisa cat
File:Nanhaipotamon hongkongense island.jpg|alt=Nanhaipotamon hongkongense, kaguwar ruwa da aka fara bayyanawa daga Hong Kong, a cikin mazauninta na halitta| *[[Nanhaipotamon hongkongense]]*


## Duba wasu abubuwan

* Geography na Hong Kong
* Kiyayewa a Hong Kong
* Muhalli na kasar Sin
* Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge
* Jerin nau'ikan kariya a Hong Kong
* An fara gano nau'ikan a Hong Kong
* Jerin dabbobi masu shayarwa na Hong Kong
* Jerin tsuntsayen Hong Kong
* Jerin masu amphibians na Hong Kong
* Hong Kong Dolphin Conservation Society
* Hong Kong Bird Watching Society

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Asusun namun daji na duniya (WWF) a Hong Kong
* Sashen Kare Muhalli
* HKNature.net
* HKWildlife.net forum 
* HK-Ecosite
* Waterfalls a Hong Kong
* Hong Kong - yadda ake numfashi cikin sauki 
* Share Air Hong Kong
* Hong Kong Bird-Watching Society