Makeen

**Makeen** ( Pashto   ) ko **Makin** (  ) birni ne a Kudancin Waziristan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, kan iyaka da Arewacin Waziristan. Iyakar da gundumar Barmal ta Afghanistan, Pakistan tana da  zuwa yamma. Makeen yana cikin tsakiyar yankin Mahsud na Pashtuns.

Makin Subdivision yana da makarantun tsakiya guda bakwai (ciki har da biyu na 'yan mata), da manyan makarantu biyu (babu na 'yan mata). 

## Tarihi

### Birtaniya Raj
A ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, Makeen ya kasance cibiyar ƙungiyoyin tawaye da yakin basasa wanda Mulla Powinda, shugaban kabilar Pashtun ya jagoranta, a kan sojojin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya Raj.

A cikin 1919-1920, Yaƙin Anglo-Afghanistan na Uku ya haifar da tawayen Waziristan. Lieutenant William Kenny ne ya jagoranci farmakin da sojoji suka kai wa Mahsuds, wanda aka kashe a lokacin wani farmaki a Kotkai, wanda ke kudu maso gabashin Makeen. Ya sami Victoria Cross na bayan mutuwa don gallantry, lambar yabo mafi girma na tsarin girmamawa na Burtaniya.  Wani bangare na wannan kamfen shine yadda Sojojin Indiya na Birtaniyya suka yi amfani da wutar lantarki mai inganci a Waziristan. Mahukuntan Mahsud sun yi asarar rayuka da dama yayin fadan da aka yi a Ahnai Tangi kuma wadannan ne suka jikkata, da kuma lalata kauyukan nasu bayan wata guda da sojojin sama na Royal suka yi, wadanda suka fatattaki Mahsud na wani dan lokaci. A cikin 1921-1924, Indiyawan Burtaniya sun gudanar da aikin gina hanya a yankin wanda ya haifar da ƙarin rikici yayin yakin 1921-1924. 

A cikin 1925, Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Biritaniya ta gudanar da yakin ruwan bama-bamai na Yakin Pink a karkashin umarnin Wing Commander Richard Pink a kan Mahsuds. Bayan sama da kwanaki 50 na tashin bama-bamai, shugabannin kabilun sun nemi zaman lafiya don kawo karshen tashin bam, wanda ya kawo karshen yakin.  Yakin Pink shine aikin farko na iska na Royal Air Force wanda aka gudanar mai zaman kansa daga Sojojin Burtaniya ko Navy na Royal .  Rikici ya sake barkewa a shekara ta 1936 yayin da Mahsud da sauran kabilu suka shiga yunkurin da Faqir Ipi (Mirzali Khan) ya jagoranta na adawa da Birtaniya, wanda ya haifar da wani yakin da ya ci gaba har zuwa 1939. 

### Yaki da ta'addanci
A shekara ta 2007, Makeen ya zama cibiyar ayyukan ta'addanci daga Baitullah Mehsud, shugaban kungiyar 'yan gwagwarmaya Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan. A cewar jami'an Pakistan da mataimakansa, yana da ɗaruruwan ƙwararrun fedayen da ke shirye su kashe kansu a matsayin 'yan kunar bakin wake bisa umarninsa. A cewar wani rahoton Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da aka fitar a watan Satumban 2007, shi ne ke da alhakin kusan kashi 80% na hare-haren kunar bakin wake a Afghanistan. 

A ranar 28 ga Disamba, 2007, Baitullahi yana garin Makeen lokacin da ake zarginsa da alhakin kashe Benazir Bhutto a Rawalpindi yayin wata waya da jami'an leken asirin Pakistan suka kama. Wani rahoton Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Benazir, ya bayyana cewa gwamnati ta yi gaggawar zarge shi kuma ta yi yuwuwar fuskantar barazana "daga wasu sassa na Pakistan" kanta.  A cikin watan Fabrairun 2009, wani harin da jiragen yakin Amurka mara matuki suka kai kan wasu wurare uku da ake zargin Baitullahi ya yi amfani da su ya kashe sama da mutane 30,  yayin da aka lalata motoci biyu a wani harin da aka kai a watan Maris na 2009. Mai ba da rahoto David Rohde na *[[New York Times|jaridar New York Times]]*, da mai fassarasa Tahir Ludin, da direbansu Asadullah Mangal, wadanda Taliban suka yi garkuwa da su a wajen Kabul a watan Nuwamba 2008, ana tsare da su a Makeen a lokacin harin da jiragen yaki na watan Maris na 2009.  Rohde ya ba da rahoton cewa yankin "ya cika da mayakan Uzbek, Larabawa, Afghanistan da Pakistan." Bayan harin da jiragen yakin Taliban suka kai, sun kama wani dan kasar da ake zargi da yin leken asiri tare da kashe shi, wanda aka rataye gawarsa da aka yanke a kasuwar Makeen. Baitullahi ya kuma tsallake rijiya da baya a wani harin da Amurka ta kai a watan Yunin 2009 wanda ya kashe mutane sama da 60 a Makeen,  amma a watan Agustan 2009, wani harin da jiragen Amurka mara matuki ya yi nasarar kashe shi da matarsa. 

Makeen ya kasance hari na Operation Rah-e-Nijat a cikin 2009, wani babban hari ta sama da sojojin Pakistan suka yi a kan Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan, wanda saboda haka dubban iyalai suka tsere zuwa sansanonin IDP a Tank da Dera Ismail Khan . A ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 2009, sojojin Pakistan sun shiga tare da share wani babban yanki na Makeen. 

### Tarihin zamani
Makeen shine mahaifar Naqeebullah Mehsud, wanda aka kashe a ranar 13 ga watan Janairun 2018 yayin wata arangama da ‘yan sanda na karya da ɗan sanda Rao Anwar ya shirya a Karachi . Ƙungiyar Pashtun Tahafuz Movement (PTM), ƙarƙashin jagorancin Manzoor Pashteen, ta kaddamar da yakin neman adalci ga Naqeebullah Mehsud bayan kashe shi.  

## Yanayi
Tare da yanayi mai ɗumi da matsananciyar yanayi, Makeen yana fasalta yanayin yanayin tsaunuka masu zafi tare da ruwan sama iri ɗaya ( *Cfb* ) ƙarƙashin rarrabuwar yanayi na Köppen . Matsakaicin zafin jiki a Makeen shine 12.3&nbsp;°C, yayin da yawan hazo na shekara ya kai 1,079&nbsp;mm. Akwai hazo mai yawa ko da a cikin watanni masu bushewa. Disamba shine watan mafi bushewa tare da 21&nbsp;mm na hazo, yayin da Yuli, watan da ya fi ruwa, yana da matsakaicin ruwan sama na 201&nbsp;mm.

Yuni shine watan mafi zafi na shekara tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na 20.9&nbsp;°C. Mafi sanyi watan Janairu yana da matsakaicin zafin jiki na 0.9&nbsp;°C.

## Fitattun mutane

* Mulla Powinda
* Naqeebullah Mehsud

## Manazarta