Batutuwan muhalli a Kuwait

Da yake a Gabas ta Tsakiya, Kuwait ƙaramar ƙasa ce wacce ta kasance cibiyar batutuwan siyasa da tattalin arziki da yawa a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata. Tun daga waɗannan tashin hankali, Kuwait da sauran ƙasashe a yankin, gami da Iran, Iraki, da Qatar suna fuskantar barazanar daga batutuwan muhalli. Rashin aikin gona saboda canjin yanayi, gurɓataccen masana'antar mai ta ƙasar da Wutar Man Fetur ta 1991 da kuma lalacewar aikin gona da bambancin halittu wasu daga cikin batutuwan muhalli ne kawai. Gwamnatin Kuwait ta yi aiki don ragewa da daidaitawa da waɗannan batutuwan ta hanyar manufofi da ƙirƙirar hukumomi don bincike, ilimi da kuma sanar da matsalolin muhalli, tushen su, da tasirin su.

## Tarihin batutuwan muhalli a Kuwait

Wadannan matsalolin muhalli sun shafi Kuwait daidaikun mutane tare da shafar kasar tare da haɗin kai da juna. Dangane da yakin Gulf, gwamnatin Kuwaiti, tana murmurewa daga muhalli da lalata tattalin arziki, ta gudanar da bincike don ƙarin koyo game da waɗannan matsalolin muhalli ciki har da tasirin tushen su, da yuwuwar haɗin gwiwa. Majalisar masu binciken Kuwaiti ba wai kawai ta tabbatar da cewa gobarar mai ta 1991 ta haifar da karuwar gurɓatacciyar iska ba amma kuma ta kashe nau'in dabbobi da gurɓataccen ƙasa da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa waɗanda ke da tasiri na dogon lokaci.  Masu bincike guda ɗaya sun ƙaddara cewa manufofin da ke mayar da waɗannan lalacewa suna da iyakacin tasiri da yuwuwar da aka ba da rashin fasaha don tsabtace iska da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, da kuma dawwama na lalata nau'in nau'in nau'i da wasu nau'o'in gurbatawa.  Kuwaiti, maimakon sadaukar da lokaci da kuɗi don tsaftace muhalli da muhallinta da suka lalace, ta mayar da hankali kan sake gina tattalin arzikinta ta hanyar ba da tallafin kuɗaɗen samar da mai ga kamfanonin mai tare da rage farashin shigo da kayayyaki ga ƙasashen da ke sayen mai. Wannan dogaro da hako mai da fitar da man ya kara ta’azzara matsalolin muhalli da dama da suka hada da gurbatar yanayi da sauyin yanayi. A yayin taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan sauyin yanayi (UNFCCC) da kuma na Kyoto, Copenhagen da Paris, kasashe masu tasowa da masu tasowa sun binciki kasar Kuwait a matsayin matsayi na dindindin a cikin kasashe mafi girma da ke ba da gudummawar hayaki mai gurbata yanayi yayin da suke sake gina tattalin arzikinta tare da yin watsi da kokarin da duniya ke yi na rage sauyin yanayi da magance sabbin hanyoyin samar da makamashi da za su rage gurbatar yanayi da kuma mummunan tasirin aikin gona. binciken shine gaskiyar cewa Kuwait ta amince da UNFCCC a cikin 1995 da Kyoto Protocol a 2005, suna nuna damuwa na tsare-tsare game da matsalolin muhalli amma ba ta sami ci gaba mai ma'ana ba don magance waɗannan matsalolin. 

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yayin da al'ummomin duniya suka kara kaimi kan batutuwan da suka shafi muhalli, kasar Kuwait ta dauki matakai, a cikin gida da waje, wajen magance matsalolin muhallin kasar, ta hanyar samar da tsare-tsare na yadda ake hako mai, da samar da hukumomin gwamnati, da za su daidaita masana'antu da illolin siyasa, kamar hukumar kare muhalli ta kanta. Kuwait ta ƙara shiga cikin yarjejeniyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa, tana ba da gudummawar da aka ƙaddara ta ƙasa (INDC) yayin taron Paris, babban canji na sauyin yanayi na farko Kuwait ta taɓa yin. Koyaya, ci gaba da tabarbarewar al'amuran muhalli na ci gaba da ɓata kimar Kuwait a duniya tare da haifar da gagarumin sakamako na kiwon lafiya ga mutane da waɗanda ba na ɗan adam ba. 

## Canjin yanayi
Canjin yanayi lamari ne na muhalli na duniya a saman ajanda ta duniya. Duk da adawa, masana kimiyya da yawa a duk duniya sun bincika tasirinsa kuma sun tabbatar da shi, gami da amma ba a iyakance shi ga UNFCCC da Kwamitin Gwamnati kan Canjin Yanayi (IPCC). Halin da ke faruwa a yanzu ya nuna cewa yanayin duniya zai karu da matsakaicin 4 ° C nan da shekara ta 2050.  A Kuwait, masu bincike sun kammala cewa halin yanzu na aiki a yankin, galibi wanda ya samo asali ne daga samar da mai na Kuwait, na iya haifar da karuwar 1.6 ° C a cikin yanayi a yankin ta 2035 idan babu raguwa.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Sauran tasirin irin wannan karuwar yanayi sun hada da:

* raguwar kimanin 2 mm / shekara a cikin ruwan sama ta hanyar 2035 mai kara fari &nbsp;
* karuwa a cikin guguwar ƙura 
* hauhawar matakin teku tare da yankunan bakin teku, barazanar ababen more rayuwa na birane, lagoons da gishiri marshes 

### Kasancewar taron yanayi
Taron koli na yanayi na duniya guda uku da Kuwait ta halarta sun hada da UNFCCC Rio, Yarjejeniyar Kyoto, da Yarjejeniyar Paris.[1] A matsayin wani ɓangare na UNFCCC, Kuwait ta himmatu ga shiga hadin gwiwar duniya don cimma karuwar 2 ° C a yanayin duniya daga matakan da suka gabata na masana'antu ta 2020.[2] Koyaya, ƙasar ba ta gabatar da wani shiri na yau da kullun don sarrafawa ko rage matakan hayaki mai guba ba. Ƙarƙashin alkawura, kusurwar da aka jajjefe ta hanyar alkawura masu tsada daga ƙasashe masu tasowa, UNFCCC ta yi aiki mafi girma a matsayin ilimi, mai da hankali kan batun canjin yanayi maimakon taron da ke haifar da tattarawa. 

A lokacin Yarjejeniyar Kyoto, wakilan Kuwait sun zargi Amurka da Ingila da lalacewar muhalli da kuma sakamakon Yakin Gulf.  Har ila yau, an mayar da hankali kan hanyar da ta fi dacewa don samun karfi, kudade daga kasashe masu tasowa, yawancin kasashe masu ci gaba ba a tilasta su shiga rundunar duniya ba. Duk da yake an dauki Kyoto a matsayin gazawar ƙirƙirar cikakkiyar yarjejeniya game da canjin yanayi, Kuwait ta fara daukar matakai don rage canjin yanayi da fatan cewa motsi mai ganuwa zai iya samun canji a cikin fahimtar jama'a da kuma taimakon kuɗi daga kasashe masu tasowa. Mafi mahimmancin waɗannan manufofi na ragewa shine kwamishinan hukumar kare muhalli ta Kuwait don bincike, ilimi, da ƙirƙirar manufofi don magance batutuwan muhalli, wato canjin yanayi.

## Manazarta