Rudolf Vrba

**Rudolf Vrba** (an haife shi **Walter Rosenberg**; 11 ga Satumba 1924 - 27 ga Maris 2006) Masanin kimiyyar halittu ne na Slovak-Yahudawa wanda, a matsayin matashi a 1942, an kore shi zuwa sansanin Auschwitz a Poland da ke zaune a Jamus. Ya tsere daga sansanin a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1944, a lokacin Holocaust, kuma ya rubuta Rahoton Vrba-Wetzler, cikakken rahoto game da Kisan kiyashi da ke faruwa a can. Rahoton, wanda George Mantello ya rarraba a Switzerland, an yaba da shi da dakatar da korar Yahudawa na Hungary zuwa Auschwitz a watan Yulin 1944, inda ya ceci rayuka sama da 200,000. Bayan yakin, Vrba ta horar da ita a matsayin masanin kimiyyar halittu, tana aiki mafi yawa a Ingila da Kanada.&nbsp;

Vrba da abokin tserewa SS="cx-link" data-linkid="132" href="./Alfréd_Wetzler" id="mwJw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Alfréd Wetzler">Alfréd Wetzler sun tsere daga Auschwitz makonni uku bayan sojojin Jamus sun mamaye Hungary kuma jim kadan kafin SS ta fara fitar da yawan Yahudawa na Hungary zuwa sansanin. Bayanan da mazajen suka fada wa jami'an Yahudawa lokacin da suka isa Slovakia a ranar 24 ga Afrilu 1944, wanda ya hada da cewa ana kashe sabbin masu zuwa Auschwitz kuma ba a "maidowa" kamar yadda Jamusawa ke kiyayewa, ya zama sananne da Rahoton Vrba-Wetzler. Lokacin da Kwamitin 'Yan Gudun Hijira ya buga shi da jinkiri mai yawa a watan Nuwamba 1944, *New York Herald Tribune* ya bayyana shi a matsayin "takardar da ta fi ban tsoro da wata hukumar gwamnatin Amurka ta bayar". Duk da yake ya tabbatar da kayan a cikin rahotanni na baya daga Polish da sauran wadanda suka tsere, masanin tarihi Miroslav Kárný ya rubuta cewa ya kasance na musamman a cikin "bayani mara kyau".

An yi jinkiri na makonni da yawa kafin a rarraba rahoton sosai don samun hankalin gwamnatoci. Jirgin jigilar Yahudawa na Hungary zuwa Auschwitz ya fara ne a ranar 15 ga Mayu 1944 a cikin mutane 12,000 a rana. Yawancin sun tafi kai tsaye zuwa ɗakunan gas. Vrba ya yi jayayya har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarsa cewa waɗanda aka kwashe na iya ƙin shiga cikin jiragen ƙasa, ko kuma aƙalla cewa firginsu zai rushe jigilar, da an rarraba rahoton da wuri kuma a ko'ina.

## Rayuwa ta farko da kamawa

An haifi Vrba Walter Rosenberg a ranar 11 ga Satumba 1924 a Topoľčany, Slovakia" id="mwYw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia (wani ɓangare na Slovakia daga 1993), ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'ya huɗu na Helena Rosenberg, née Gruenfeldová, da mijinta, Elias . Mahaifiyar Vrba ta fito ne daga Zbehy;  kakan mahaifiyarsa, Bernat Grünfeld, Bayahude na Orthodox daga Nitra, an kashe shi a sansanin Majdanek.  Vrba ya ɗauki sunan Rudolf Vrba bayan ya tsere daga Auschwitz.

Rosenbergs sun mallaki ma'aikatar katako a Jaklovce kuma suna zaune a Trnava . [1] A watan Satumbar 1941 Jamhuriyar Slovakia (1939-1945) - jihar abokin ciniki ta Nazi Jamus - ta zartar da "Codex na Yahudawa", mai kama da Dokokin Nuremberg, wanda ya gabatar da ƙuntatawa kan ilimin Yahudawa, gidaje da tafiye-tafiye.[2] Gwamnati ta kafa sansanonin wucewa a Nováky, Sereď da Vyhne.[1] Ana buƙatar Yahudawa su sa Alamar rawaya kuma su zauna a wasu yankuna, kuma ayyukan da ke akwai sun fara ga waɗanda ba Yahudawa ba. Lokacin da aka cire Vrba, yana da shekaru 15, daga dakin motsa jiki (makarantar sakandare) a Bratislava sakamakon ƙuntatawa, ya sami aiki a matsayin ma'aikaci kuma ya ci gaba da karatunsa a gida, musamman ilmin sunadarai, Turanci da Rasha.[3] Ya sadu da matarsa ta gaba, Gerta Sidonová, a wannan lokacin; an kuma cire ta daga makaranta.

Da yake jaddada cewa ba za a "kusa shi kamar maraƙi a cikin karusa ba", Vrba ya yanke shawarar shiga Sojojin Czechoslovak a gudun hijira a Ingila kuma ya tashi a cikin taksi zuwa iyaka, yana da shekaru 17, tare da taswira, akwatin wasannin, da kuma daidai da £ 10 daga mahaifiyarsa. Bayan ya tafi Budapest, Hungary, ya yanke shawarar komawa Trnava amma an kama shi a kan iyakar Hungary. Hukumomin Slovak sun tura shi sansanin Nováky; ya tsere na ɗan lokaci amma an kama shi. Wani jami'in SS ya ba da umarnin cewa a kore shi a kan sufuri na gaba.

## Majdanek da Auschwitz

### Majdanek

An fitar da Vrba daga Czechoslovakia a ranar 15 ga Yuni 1942 zuwa sansanin Majdanek a Lublin, Poland da ke zaune a Jamus,  inda ya sadu da ɗan'uwansa, Sammy. Sun ga juna "kusan lokaci guda kuma mun ɗaga hannayenmu a takaice"; wannan shine karo na karshe da ya gan shi. Ya kuma gamu da "kapos" a karo na farko: fursunoni da aka nada a matsayin ma'aikata, daya daga cikinsu ya gane daga Trnava. Yawancin sun sa triangles kore, suna nuna rukunin su a matsayin "masu aikata laifuka": 

### Manazarta