Pablo Neruda

**Pablo Neruda** / / nəˈr uːdə / ; Spanish: [ˈpaβlo neˈɾuða] ) (an haife shi **Ricardo Eliécer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto**; 12 Yuli 1904 - 23 Satumba 1973), mawaƙin mawaƙi ne kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan ƙasar Chile wanda ya ci lambar yabo ta Nobel a cikin adabi na 1971. Neruda ya zama sananne a matsayin mawaƙi lokacin yana ɗan shekara 13, kuma ya rubuta cikin salo daban-daban, waɗanda suka haɗa da Waƙoƙin gaskiya, almara na tarihi, fassarorin siyasa a fakaice, tarihin rayuwar karance da waqoqin soyayya masu sha’awar irin waxanda ke cikin tarin waqoqin soyayya guda *Ashirin. da kuma Waƙar yanke kauna* (1924).

Neruda ya mallaki mukaman diflomasiyya da yawa a ƙasashe daban-daban a lokacin rayuwarsa kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Sanata na Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Chile . Lokacin da Shugaba Gabriel González Videla ya haramta gurguzu a Chile a cikin 1948, an ba da sammacin kama Neruda. Abokai sun ɓoye shi na tsawon watanni a cikin ginshiƙi na wani gida a tashar tashar jiragen ruwa na Valparaíso, kuma a cikin 1949 ya tsere ta hanyar dutsen da ke kusa da tafkin Maihue zuwa Argentina; ba zai koma Chile fiye da shekaru uku ba. Ya kasance mai ba da shawara na kusa ga shugaban gurguzu na Chile Salvador Allende, kuma, lokacin da ya dawo Chile bayan karbar kyautar Nobel a Stockholm, Allende ya gayyace shi ya karanta a Estadio Nacional kafin mutane 70,000.

An kwantar da Neruda a asibiti yana fama da ciwon daji a watan Satumban 1973, a lokacin juyin mulkin da Augusto Pinochet da Amurka suka yi da suka hambarar da gwamnatin Allende, amma ya koma gida bayan 'yan kwanaki inda ya zargi likita da yi masa allura da ba a sani ba. don manufar kashe shi bisa umarnin Pinochet.  Neruda ya mutu a gidansa a Isla Negra a ranar 23 ga Satumba 1973, sa'o'i kadan bayan barin asibiti. Ko da yake an dade ana ba da rahoton cewa ya mutu ne da ciwon zuciya, ma'aikatar harkokin cikin gida ta gwamnatin Chile ta fitar da wata sanarwa a shekarar 2015 inda ta amince da wata takarda ta ma'aikatar da ke nuna matsayin gwamnati cewa "a fili ya yiwu kuma mai yiwuwa" an kashe Neruda a sakamakon haka. na "sa baki na wasu mutane". Sai dai wani gwajin bincike na kasa da kasa da aka gudanar a shekarar 2013 ya yi watsi da zargin cewa an sa masa guba. An kammala cewa yana fama da ciwon daji na prostate.  Pinochet, wanda ke samun goyon bayan wasu dakarun soji, ya ki amincewa da a gudanar da jana'izar Neruda a bainar jama'a, amma dubban 'yan Chile da ke bakin ciki sun ki bin dokar hana fita kuma suka cika tituna.

Neruda sau da yawa ana daukarsa a matsayin mawaƙin ƙasa na Chile, kuma ayyukansa sun shahara kuma suna da tasiri a duniya. Marubuci dan kasar Colombia Gabriel García Márquez ya taba kiransa "babban mawaƙi na karni na 20 a kowane harshe", 

kuma mai suka Harold Bloom ya hada da Neruda a matsayin daya daga cikin marubutan tsakiya ga al'adar Yammacin Turai a cikin littafinsa *The Western Canon*.

## Rayuwar farko

An haifi Ricardo Eliécer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto a ranar 12 ga Yuli 1904, a Parral, Chile,  wani birni a Lardin Linares, yanzu wani yanki ne na Babban Yankin Maule, kusan 350.&nbsp;km kudu da Santiago.  Mahaifinsa, José del Carmen Reyes Morales, ma'aikacin layin dogo ne, kuma mahaifiyarsa Rosa Neftalí Basoalto Opazo malamar makaranta ce wacce ta mutu watanni biyu bayan an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Satumba. A ranar 26 ga Satumba, an yi masa baftisma a cikin Ikklesiya ta San Jose de Parral.  Neruda ya girma a Temuco tare da Rodolfo da 'yar'uwar' yar'uwa, Laura Herminia "Laurita", daga ɗaya daga cikin al'amuran auren mahaifinsa (mahaifiyarta ita ce Aurelia Tolrà, 'yar Catalan).  Ya yi wakokinsa na farko a lokacin sanyi na 1914.  Neruda ya kasance wanda bai yarda da Allah ba. 
 

* Mawaƙin Ba'amurke Tobias Picker ya saita zuwa kiɗan *Tres Sonetos de Amor* don baritone da ƙungiyar makaɗa
* Mawaƙin Ba'amurke Tobias Picker ya saita zuwa kiɗan *Cuatro Sonetos de Amor* don murya da piano
* Mawaƙin Amurka / mawaƙin mawaƙa Taylor Swift ya yi la'akari da layin Neruda "ƙauna tana da tsayi sosai, mantawa yana da tsawo" a cikin gabatarwar kundi na 2012, Red.
* Mawaƙin Girkanci Mikis Theodorakis ya saita zuwa kiɗan *Canto general* .
* Mawaƙin Girkanci kuma mawaƙa Nikos Xilouris ya haɗa *Οι Νεκρoί της Πλατείας (Matattu na Dandalin)* dangane da *Los muertos de la plaza* .
* Mawaƙin Ba’amurke Samuel Barber ya yi amfani da waƙoƙin Neruda ga cantata *The Lovers* a 1971.
* Madadin mawaƙin dutse Lynda Thomas ya fito a matsayin waƙar flamenco guda ɗaya " Ay, Ay, Ay " (2001), wanda ya dogara akan littafin *Waƙoƙin Ƙaunar Ashirin da Waƙar Raɗaɗi* .
* Mawaƙin Avant-garde na Austriya Michael Gielen ya saita zuwa kiɗan *Un dîa sobresale* (Ein Tag Tritt Hervor. Pentaphonie für ya wajabta Klavier, da Soloinstrumente und fünf Gruppen zu je fünf Musikern mit Worten von Pablo Neruda. 1960-63).
* Mawaƙin ɗan ƙasar Amirka Ron Warren ya saita zuwa kiɗan *Quatro Sonetos de Amor* don soprano, sarewa, da piano (1999), 1 daga kowane rukuni na sonnets a *Cien Sonetos de Amor* . Rikodi akan *Da'irar Duk Around Ni* Blue Heron Music BHM101 *.*
* Mawaƙin Puerto Rican Awilda Villarini ya yi amfani da rubutun Neruda don abubuwan da ta tsara "Waƙoƙin Soyayya Biyu." 
* Mawaƙin Mexican Daniel Catán ya rubuta wasan opera *Il Postino* (2010), wanda farkon fitowar sa ya ƙunshi ɗan wasan Sipaniya Plácido Domingo yana nuna Pablo Neruda.
* Mawallafin Dutch Peter Schat ya yi amfani da wakoki goma sha biyu daga Canto Janar don cantata *Canto General* don mezzo-soprano, violin, da piano (1974), wanda ya sadaukar da shi don tunawa da marigayi shugaban kasar Salvador Allende .
* Mawaƙin Dutch Annette Kruisbrink ya saita zuwa kiɗan *La Canción Desesperada* (2000), waƙar ƙarshe na *Veinte poemas de amor y una canción desesperada* . Kayan aiki: guitar da gauraye mawaƙa (+ 4 soloists S/A/T/B).
* Folk rock / rukunin dutsen ci gaba Los Jaivas, sanannen a Chile, sun yi amfani da *[[Canto general#The Heights of Macchu Picchu|Las alturas de Macchu Picchu]]* a matsayin rubutu don kundinsu mai suna iri ɗaya.
* Mawaƙin Chilean Sergio Ortega ya yi aiki tare da mawaƙin a cikin wasan kida *Fulgor y muerte de Joaquín Murieta* (1967). Shekaru 30 bayan haka, Ortega ya faɗaɗa yanki zuwa wasan opera, ya bar rubutun Neruda.
* Mawaƙin Argentine Julia Stilman-Lasansky (1935-2007) ta kafa Cantata No. 3 akan rubutu ta Neruda. 
* Peter Lieberson ya haɗa waƙoƙin *Neruda* (2005) da *waƙoƙin ƙauna da baƙin ciki* (2010) dangane da *Cien Sonetos de Amor* . 
* Mawaƙin Jazz Luciana Souza ya fitar da wani kundi mai suna "Neruda" (2004) wanda ke nuna waƙoƙin Neruda 10 da aka saita zuwa kiɗan Federico Mompou .
* Mawaƙin Afirka ta Kudu Johnny Clegg ya zana sosai akan Neruda a farkon aikinsa tare da ƙungiyar Juluka .
* A bayan kundi na Jackson Browne *The Pretender*, akwai waƙar Neruda.
* Ƙungiyar dutsen Kanada Red Rider mai suna 1983 LP/CD saki *Neruda* .
* Mawaƙin ɗan ƙasar Chile Leon Schidlowsky ya tsara ɗimbin adadi ta amfani da waƙoƙin Neruda. Daga cikin su, *Carrera*, *Caupolican*, da *Lautaro* .
* Pop band Sixpence Babu Wanda Richer ya saita waƙarsa "Puedo escribir" zuwa kiɗa akan kundi mai suna platinum mai suna (1997).
* Ƙungiyar 'yan matan Brazil sun juya "Poema 15" ("waka 15") daga *Veinte poemas de amor y una canción desesperada (waƙar soyayya 20 da waƙar yanke ƙauna* ) zuwa cikin waƙar su "Me gusta cuando callas" daga cikin kundi mai suna.
* Tare da izini daga Fundación Neruda, Marco Katz ya tsara zagayowar waƙa bisa ƙarar *Piedras del cielo* don murya da piano.  Centaur Records CRC 3232, 2012.
* Mawaƙin Occitan Joanda ya shirya waƙar *Pablo Neruda* 
* Mawakin zamani na Ba'amurke Morten Lauridsen ya saita waƙar Neruda "Soneto de la noche" zuwa kiɗa a matsayin wani ɓangare na zagayowar sa "Nocturnes" daga 2005.
* Layukan buɗewa na waƙar "Bachata Rosa" na Juan Luis Guerra ya sami wahayi daga *Littafin Tambayoyi na* Neruda. 
* Ezequiel Vinao ya tsara "Sonetos de amor" (2011) wani zagaye na waƙa bisa waƙar soyayya ta Neruda.
* Ute Lemper ya hada wakokin " Har abada " (2013) wani kundi na wakokin soyayya na Pablo Neruda
* Mawaƙin Ba’amurke Daniel Welcher ya haɗa *Abeja Blanca, don Mezzo-Soprano, Horn Turanci, da Piano* ta amfani da rubutun *Abeja* *Blanca* daga *Waƙoƙin Ƙaunar Ashirin na Neruda da Waƙar Raɗaɗi.*
* Ƙwallon dutsen Kanada The Tragically Hip, a kan kundin su Yanzu don Shirin A (Universal, 2012), waƙa ta shida na kundin waƙa ce mai suna " Yanzu Don Shirin A " wanda ya haɗa da karatun bako mai suna Sarah Harmer na farko biyu stanzas. na waƙar Pablo Neruda, "Ode To Age" ("Odă Bătrâneţii") .
Sunan da aka jefa a cikin waƙar La Vie Boheme daga *Rent* na kiɗa na 1996 wanda Jonathan Larson ya rubuta kuma ya tsara: "Zuwa mataki, To Uta, Zuwa Buddha, Pablo Neruda kuma."

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