Ofishin Kula da dazuzzuka na Indiya

Ofishin kula da gandun daji na Indiya (**IFS**) shine babban sabis na gandun daji a Indiya. IFS na ɗaya daga cikin Ayyuka uku na Indiya tare da Ayyukan Gudanarwa na Indiya (IAS) da Ofishin 'yan sanda na Indiya (iPS). An kafa shi a cikin shekara ta 1966 a karkashin Dokar Ayyuka ta Indiya, 1951.

Sabis ɗin yana aiwatar da Manufofin dazuzzuka na Kasa  don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na muhalli na ƙasar ta hanyar kariya da kuma gudanar da albarkatun ƙasa. Mambobin sabis ɗin kuma suna kula da wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa, Tiger Reserve, Wildlife Sanctuaries da sauran yankuna masu kariya na ƙasar. Jami'in Kula da dazuzzuka yana da cikakken 'yanci daga gwamnatin gundumar kuma yana da ikon gudanarwa, shari'a da na kudi a cikin yankinsu. Matsayi a cikin sashen gandun daji na jihar, kamar Gundumar / Jami'in Gundumar (DFO), Mai Kula da dazuzzuka, Babban Mai Kula da gandun daji da Babban Babban Mai Kulawa da dazuzzukan da sauransu, ana gudanar da su, a wasu lokuta, ta jami'an Hukumar Kula da dazubbuka ta Indiya. Babban jami'in kula da gandun daji a kowace jiha shine Shugaban Sojojin daji. Wani jami'in kula da gandun daji kuma yana da mukamai na Shugaban da Sakatare memba a cikin Kwamitin Kula da Pollution na Jiha. 

Tun da farko, Gwamnatin Burtaniya a Indiya ta kafa Hukumar Kula da dazuzzuka ta Imperial a 1867 wanda ke aiki a karkashin Gwamnatin Tarayya har sai an zartar da Dokar Gwamnatin Indiya ta 1935 kuma an canja alhakin ga larduna.

Gudanar da Sabis shine alhakin Ma'aikatar Muhalli, dazuzzuka da Canjin Yanayi.

## Tarihi

A cikin 1864, Raj na Burtaniya ya kafa Ma'aikatar dazuzzuka ta Imperial; Dietrich Brandis, jami'in gandun daji na Jamus, an nada shi Sufeto Janar na dazuzzuka. An shirya Ofishin Kula da dazuzzuka na Imperial a ƙarƙashin Ma'aikatar Kula da dazubbuka ta Imperial a 1867.

Jami'ai daga 1867 zuwa 1885 an horar da su a Jamus da Faransa, kuma daga 1885 zuwa 1905 a Cooper's Hill, London, wanda aka fi sani da Kwalejin Injiniya ta Royal Indian. Daga 1905 zuwa 1926, Jami'ar Oxford (Sir William Schlich), Jami'ar Cambridge, da Jami'ar Edinburgh sun horar da jami'an Imperial Forestry Service.

### Hukumar zamani
An kafa Hukumar Kula da dazuzzuka ta Indiya ta zamani a 1966, bayan samun 'yancin kai, a karkashin Dokar Ayyukan Indiya ta 1951. Sufeto Janar na farko na gandun daji, Hari Singh, ya taimaka wajen ci gaban Hukumar Kula da dazuzzuka.

Indiya tana da yanki na 635,400 km2 da aka tsara a matsayin gandun daji, kusan 19.32% na ƙasar. An kirkiro manufofin gandun daji na Indiya a cikin 1894 kuma daga baya aka sake sabunta shi a cikin shekarun 1952 da 1988.&nbsp;

## Samun ma'aikata
Ana daukar jami'ai ta hanyar jarrabawar gasa ta UPSC  sannan kuma Gwamnatin Tsakiya ta horar da su kusan shekaru biyu a Kwalejin Kwalejin Kasa ta Indira Gandhi. Ana sanya ayyukansu a ƙarƙashin ma'aikatan Jiha daban-daban da ma'aikatan hadin gwiwa, kasancewar suna da sabis na Indiya suna da izinin yin aiki a ƙarƙashin Gwamnatocin Jiha da Tsakiya.

Sun cancanci wakilcin Jiha da na Tsakiya a matsayin takwarorinsu na IAS da IPS. Mataimakin jami'an kula da gandun daji a Gwamnatin Tsakiya sun haɗa da alƙawura a Ma'aikatun Tsakiya a matsayin Mataimakin Sakatare, Darakta, Sakatare na hadin gwiwa da Ƙarin Sakatare da dai sauransu; alƙawara a cikin Rukunin Sashen Jama'a daban-daban, Cibiyoyi da Kwalejoji a matsayin Babban Jami'in Tsaro, Jami'an Fasfo na Yankin, Manajoji, Sufeto Janar, Darakuna Janar da dai sauransu.

### Horarwa
A kan karɓa zuwa Hukumar Kula da dazuzzuka, sabbin masu shiga suna fuskantar lokacin gwaji (kuma ana kiransu Jami'an da aka horar). Horarwar ta fara ne a Kwalejin Gudanarwa ta Lal Bahadur Shastri a Mussoorie, inda ake horar da membobin ma'aikatan gwamnati da yawa na tsawon makonni 15.

Bayan kammala shi suna zuwa Kwalejin gandun daji ta Indira Gandhi a Dehradun, don ƙarin horo mai zurfi a cikin batutuwa masu mahimmanci ga gandun daji, Gudanar da namun daji, Biodiversity, Kare Muhalli, Canjin yanayi, Manufofin gandun daji da Dokoki, Remote Sensing da GIS, Mazaunan gandun daji Da kabilun da aka tsara. Bayan kammala horarwarsu, an ba jami'an digiri na biyu a Kimiyya (Forestry) na Cibiyar Nazarin dazuzzuka. Ana koyar da jami'an fiye da batutuwa 56 na kimiyyar rayuwa. Jami'an suna yin watanni 13 na horo na Mataki na 1, sannan bayan watanni 4 na horo na aiki a cikin ma'aikatan su kuma a ƙarshe sun kammala watanni 3 na horo na mataki na 2 a makarantar kimiyya  

Ana kuma koya musu yadda ake sarrafa makamai, hawa doki, horar da motoci, yin iyo, gandun daji da kuma binciken laifukan namun daji. Har ila yau, suna ci gaba da haɗin gwiwa tare da hukumomin gwamnati daban-daban da cibiyoyi kamar Kwalejin Sojan Indiya, Kwalejin 'yan sanda ta Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Cibiyar Kula da namun daji ta Indiya, Kamfanin Tarihin Halitta na Bombay da sauransu. Har ila yau suna yin yawon shakatawa mai zurfi a Indiya da kuma ɗan gajeren yawon shakataw a kasashen waje.

Bayan kammala horo a makarantar, 'yan takara suna wucewa cikin shekara guda na horo a fagen aiki a jihar da aka sanya shi, a lokacin da aka sanya su a matsayin Mataimakin Conservators na dazuzzuka / Mataimakin Mataimakin masu kula da dazuzzuka ko Mataimakin mai kula da dazuzana.

#### Manufofin Rarraba Ma'aikata
Gwamnatin Tarayyar ta sanar da sabon tsarin rabon kadar ga Duk Sabis na Indiya a cikin Agusta 2017.        &#x5B; &#x5D;

A karkashin sabon manufofin, dan takara dole ne ya tsara yankuna biyar bisa ga fifiko. Daga baya, dan takarar dole ne ya nuna fifiko daya na ma'aikata daga kowane yanki da aka fi so. Dan takarar ya nuna fifiko na biyu ga kowane yanki da aka fi so daga baya. Tsarin yana ci gaba har sai dan takarar ya nuna fifiko ga dukkan ma'aikata.

Jami'ai suna ci gaba da aiki a cikin rukunin da aka ba su ko kuma aka ba su mataimakin Gwamnatin Indiya.

#### Ka'idojin Rarraba Tsohon Ma'aikata
Har zuwa shekara ta 2008 babu wani tsarin fifiko na ma'aikatan jihar da 'yan takara suka yi; 'yan takarar, idan ba a sanya su a cikin gurbin da ke cikin jihohin gida ba, an ba su jihohi daban-daban a cikin jerin sunayen, farawa da haruffa A, H, M, T na wannan shekarar. Misali, idan a cikin wani shekara, jerin sunayen sun fara daga 'A', wanda ke nufin dan takara na farko a cikin jerin sunayen zai je ma'aikatan jihar Andhra Pradesh na Hukumar Kula da dazuzzuka, na gaba zuwa Bihar, sannan kuma zuwa Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, da sauransu a cikin haruffa. A shekara mai zuwa jerin sunayen sun fara daga 'H', don ko dai Haryana ko Himachal Pradesh (idan ya fara daga Haryana a lokacin da ya gabata lokacin da duk ya fara daga ' H', to a wannan lokacin zai fara daga Himachalpradesh). Wannan tsarin mai rikitarwa, wanda ke cikin salon tun daga tsakiyar shekarun 1980, ya tabbatar da cewa an sanya jami'ai daga jihohi daban-daban a duk faɗin Indiya.

Tsarin ma'aikatan gwamnati na dindindin ya kuma haifar da bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin irin bayyanar kwararru ga jami'ai lokacin da muka kwatanta jami'ai a cikin ƙananan da manyan da masu tasowa da kuma jihohin da suka koma baya. An ba da izinin sauye-sauye na ma'aikatan jihar bisa ga auren ga jami'in Sabis na Indiya na wani ma'aikatan gwamnati ko a wasu yanayi na musamman. Jami'in na iya zuwa ga ma'aikatan jiharsu na gida a kan wakilai na ɗan lokaci, bayan haka dole ne mutum ya koma ga ma'aikata da aka ba shi.

Daga 2022 zuwa 2028 an ba da jami'an kula da gandun daji ga ma'aikatan jihar a farkon hidimarsu. Akwai ma'aikata guda ɗaya ga kowace jiha ta Indiya, ban da ma'aikata biyu na hadin gwiwa: Assam-Meghalaya da Arunachal Pradesh-Goa-Mizoram-Union Territories (AGMUT).  "Rashin ciki-na waje" (rashin jami'an da aka aika a jihohin gida) ana kiyaye shi azaman 1: 2, tare da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na masu shiga kai tsaye a matsayin 'masu ciki' daga wannan jihar. Sauran an sanya su a matsayin baƙi bisa ga 'roster' a jihohi ban da jihohin gida,  bisa ga abin da suka fi so.

## Ci gaban Aiki
**Tsarin biyan kuɗi na Hukumar Kula da dazuzzuka ta Indiya**

## Babban Babban Mai Kula da dazuzzuka
**Babban Babban Mai Kula da dazuzzuka** (Hindi) shi ne babban jami'in da ke cikin Hukumar Kula da dazubbuka ta Indiya wanda ke da alhakin gudanar da al'amuran da suka shafi dazuzzuka, Muhalli da Rayuwa ta Indiya. Shi ne matsayi mafi girma na jami'in Indian Forest Service a cikin Jiha.

A wasu lokuta jihohi na iya samun matsayi fiye da ɗaya na PCCF kuma a wannan yanayin, an sanya ɗaya daga cikinsu a matsayin Shugaban Rundunar Forest (HOFF). HOFF / PCCF suna samun goyon baya daga APCCFs, Babban Mai Kula da dazuzzuka, Mai Kula da gandun daji, da kuma ma'aikatan filin, kamar DFOs da Jami'an Range Forest a cikin aikinsu.

## Rashin jituwa

### Cin hanci da rashawa
Kamar yadda rahotanni na kafofin watsa labarai suka nuna, an sami wasu jami'an kula da gandun daji masu cin hanci da rashawa    kuma Babban Ofishin Bincike ya kama su saboda cin hanci.   

### Digiri na PhD mai shakka
A cikin 2015, Tehelka ya ba da rahoton cewa sunayen sama da 30 na jami'an kula da gandun daji waɗanda za a iya ba su digiri na Ph.D. mai shakka ko wanda ake zargi.

### Canjin Sunan
Hukumar Kula da Ƙabilai ta Kasa ta ba da shawarar sake sunan Hukumar Kula da dazuzzuka ta Indiya a matsayin 'Ma'aikatan Indiya da Ƙabilar Indiya".  

## Shahararrun Jami'ai

### Jami'in Kula da dazuzzuka na Imperial

* Cyril Beeson
* Dietrich Brandis
* Frederick Walter Champion
* Hugh Cleghorn
* Peter Clutterbuck
* James Sykes Gamble
* Edgar Peacock
* Wilhelm Philipp Daniel Schlich
* Bertram Smythies
* E. A. Smythies
* Kungiyar Robert Scott
* E.C.Mobbs

### Jami'an Kula da dazuzzuka na Indiya

* Jal Ardeshir Master (Babban Mai Kula da dazuzzuka Madras Presidency) 
* Hari Singh
* P. Srinivas
* Dokta Muthoo
* Sanjiv Chaturvedi
* Hemendra Singh Panwar
* Fateh Singh Rathore

## Ya mutu a cikin aikin

* Shri P. Srinivas
* Shri Sanjay Singh 
* Dokta S. Manikandan 

## Manazarta