Ƙasar Falasɗinu

**Falasdinu** (, furuci [fɪ.lɪs.tˤiː.n]), a hukumance **Ƙasar Falasdinu**  (), Jiha ce da ke Yammacin Asiya. Kungiyar 'yantar da Falasdinu (PLO) ce ke mulki a hukumance, tana da'awar Yammacin Kogin Jordan, ciki har da Gabashin Kudus, da Zirin Gaza a matsayin yankinta, duk da cewa Isra'ila ta mamaye gaba daya yankin tun daga yakin kwanaki shida na 1967. Sakamakon yarjejeniyar Oslo na 1993-1995, a halin yanzu an raba yankin Yammacin Kogin Jordan zuwa yankunan Falasdinawa 165 da ke karkashin mulkin Hukumar Falasdinawa ta PNA; sauran, ciki har da matsugunan Isra'ila 200, suna karkashin cikakken ikon Isra'ila. Kungiyar Hamas  ce ke mulkin yankin Zirin Gaza, kuma tun a shekara ta 2007 ne Masar da Isra'ila suka yi mata takunkumi na dogon lokaci. 

Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, a shekara ta 1947, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UN) ta amince da shirin raba kan Falasdinu, wanda ya ba da shawarar kafa kasashen Larabawa da Yahudawa masu cin gashin kansu da birnin Kudus. Yahudu sun yarda da wannan tsarin rarraba amma larabawa suka ki. Nan da nan bayan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da shirin a matsayin kuduri na 181, yakin basasa ya barke  kuma ba a aiwatar da shirin ba.  Washegarin da aka kafa kasar Isra'ila a ranar 14 ga Mayu 1948,    kasashen Larabawa da ke makwabtaka da su sun mamaye tsohon wajabcin Birtaniyya tare da shiga da sojojin Isra'ila a yakin Larabawa da Isra'ila na farko.   Bayan haka, Kungiyar Kasashen Larabawa ta kafa gwamnatin Gabadaya ta Falasdinu a ranar 22 ga watan Satumbar 1948 don gudanar da mulkin Falasdinu gaba daya a zirin Gaza da Masar ta mamaye. Ba da dadewa ba duk mambobin kungiyar Larabawa sun amince da shi in banda Transjordan, wacce ta mamaye kuma daga baya ta mamaye gabar yammacin kogin Jordan ciki har da gabashin Kudus. A halin yanzu 138 daga cikin kasashe 193 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UN) sun amince da Falasdinu. Ko da yake an ayyana ikon gwamnatin Falasdinu gaba daya don mamaye dukkanin tsohuwar Palastinu ta tilas, ikonta mai inganci ya takaita ne a zirin Gaza.  Daga baya Isra'ila ta kwace yankin Zirin Gaza da zirin Sinai daga Masar, Yammacin Kogin Jordan da Gabashin Kudus daga Jordan, da Tuddan Golan daga Syria a yakin kwanaki shida a watan Yunin 1967.

A ranar 15 ga watan Nuwamban shekarar 1988 a birnin Algiers, shugaban kungiyar ta PLO Yasser Arafat ya shelanta kafa kasar Falasdinu. Shekara guda bayan rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar Oslo a 1993, an kafa PNA don yin mulki (a cikin digiri daban-daban) yankunan A da B a Yammacin Kogin Jordan, wanda ya kunshi 165 enclaves, da Zirin Gaza. Bayan Hamas ta zama babbar jam'iyyar PNA a zabukan baya-bayan nan (2006), rikici ya barke tsakaninta da jam'iyyar Fatah, wanda ya kai ga mamaye Gaza a hannun Hamas a 2007 (shekaru biyu bayan ficewar Isra'ila).

Al'ummar Falasdinu a tsakiyar shekara a 2021 5,227,193 ne. Duk da cewa Falasdinu na ikirarin birnin Kudus a matsayin babban birnin kasar, amma birnin yana karkashin ikon Isra'ila; ikirarin da Falasdinawa da Isra'ila suka yi a birnin, galibin kasashen duniya ba su amince da shi ba. Falasdinu mamba ce ta kungiyar hadin kan kasashen Larabawa da kungiyar hadin kan kasashen musulmi ta G77 da kwamitin Olympics na duniya da kuma UNESCO da UNCTAD da kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta duniya.  A shekara ta 2012, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kada kuri'ar amincewa da Falasdinu a matsayin kasa mai sa ido.   

## Asalin kalma
Duk da cewa tunanin yankin Falasdinu da yanayinsa ya bambanta a tsawon tarihi, amma yanzu ana ganin kasar Isra'ila ta zamani ce, da yammacin kogin Jordan da zirin Gaza suka hada shi.  Gabadaya amfani da kalmar "Palestine" ko kalmomin da ke da alaka da yankin kudu maso gabas na Tekun Bahar Rum kusa da Siriya tarihi yana faruwa tun zamanin tsohuwar Girka, tare da Herodotus shine dan tarihi na farko da ya rubuta a karni na 5 BC a cikin *The Histories* na "yankin Siriya, wanda ake kira Palaistine" wanda Phoeniciyawa suka yi hulda da sauran mutanen teku.   Kalmar "Palestine" (a cikin Latin, *Palæstina* ) ana tsammanin kalma ce da Girkawa ta dā suka yi don yankin kasar da Filistiyawa suka mamaye, ko da yake akwai wasu bayanai. 

### Kalmomi

Wannan labarin yana amfani da kalmomin "Palestine", "Jihar Falasdinu", "yankin Falasdinawa da aka mamaye" (oPt ko OPT) a musayan ya danganta da mahallin. Musamman ma kalmar "Yankin Falasdinawa da ta mamaye" tana nufin gaba dayanta ga yankin Palasdinawa da Isra'ila ta mamaye tun shekarar 1967. A kowane hali, duk wani bayani game da Kasa ko yanki yana nufin kasar da kasar Falasdinu ta dauka.     
 
## Manazarta