ASHRAE 90.1

ANSI / ASHRAE / IES Standard 90.1: Tsarin Makamashi don Gine-gine Sai dai Ginin Gidaje na Ƙananan Matsayi shine ma'auni na Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa ta Amurka (ANSI) wanda ASHRAe ta buga kuma haɗin gwiwar Cibiyar Injiniya ta Haskakawa (IES) wanda ke ba da mafi ƙarancin buƙatu don ƙirar ƙirar ƙwarewar makamashi ban da gine-ginen zama masu ƙanƙanta (watau gidaje-ginen iyali ɗaya, gine-gidan iyali da yawa ƙasa da hawa huɗu masu hawa huɗu, gidaje masu ɗakuna masu ɗakuna). An buga asalin, ASHRAE 90, a cikin 1975. An buga shi da yawa tun daga lokacin. A cikin 1999 Kwamitin Daraktocin ASHRAE ya kada kuri'a don sanya ma'auni a kan ci gaba da kulawa, bisa ga saurin canje-canje a cikin fasahar makamashi da farashin makamashi. Wannan yana ba da damar sabunta shi sau da yawa a cikin shekara. An sake sunan ma'auni ASHRAE 90.1 a shekara ta 2001. Tun daga lokacin an sabunta shi a cikin 2004, 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016, da 2019 don nuna sabbin fasahohi masu inganci.

## Tsarin da tsari
Gabaɗaya, akwai hanyoyi guda biyu, ko hanyoyi don masu zanen gini su bi ASHRAE 90.1:

* Hanyar tsarawa: Dukkanin abubuwan da ke cikin ginin sun cika mafi ƙarancin ka'idojin da ASHRAE 90.1 ta ƙayyade.
* Hanyar aiki: An nuna tsarin gini da aka tsara (ta hanyar kwaikwayon aikin gini) don amfani da karancin makamashi fiye da ginin da aka gina don ƙayyadaddun ASHRAE 90.1. Wannan yanzu yana da hanyoyi uku. Don bin lambar akwai Babi na 11, wanda ke kwatanta samfurin makamashi don ginin ku zuwa samfurin makamashe don ginin da ba shi da bin tsarin HVAC iri ɗaya kuma a cikin fitowar 2016 an kara hanyar Appendix G wanda ke kwatanta tsarin makamashi na ginin ku da samfurin asali wanda ya dogara da fitowar 2004 na Standard 90.1 kuma yana buƙatar ƙananan amfani da makamashi wanda ya bambanta dangane da nau'in ginin.

A cikin sassan ma'auni, akwai wasu bambance-bambance ga wannan. Wasu sassan suna da tanadi na tilas, hanyoyin da aka sauƙaƙe, ko damar cinikayya.

### Hanyar da za a iya amfani da ita
ASHRAE 90.1 ya haɗa da buƙatun umarni don waɗannan:

* Ginin envelope (Sashe na 5): mafi ƙarancin rufin, mafi ƙaranci rufin rufin, ƙarancin aikin gilashi
* **HVAC** (Sashe na 6): mafi ƙarancin kayan aiki, mafi ƙaranci fasalulluka na tsarin, iyakancewa akan sakewa, iyakance akan ikon fan
* **Ruwa mai zafi na gida** (Sashe na 7): mafi ƙarancin kayan aiki, mafi ƙaranci tsarin fasalulluka
* **Ikon** (Sashe na 8): ingancin mai canzawa, sarrafawa ta atomatik, saka idanu kan makamashi
* **Haske** (Sashe na 9): matsakaicin ƙarfin hasken wuta na cikin gida (LPD, wanda aka bayyana a cikin Watts / Squ.Ft.), mafi ƙarancin sarrafa hasken wuta, hasken waje, hasken garage
* **Sauran kayan aiki** (Sashe na 10): motocin lantarki, famfo na ruwa mai sha, masu ɗagawa, da masu hawa

### Hanyar wasan kwaikwayon
A cikin tsarin aiki, an kafa kasafin **Kudin kudin makamashi** na asali (**ECB**), bisa ga girman ginin da shirin. An kafa wannan asalin ECB ta amfani da kwaikwayon aikin gini don tsara ginin da girman da shirin kamar ginin aikin, wanda aka gina bisa ga bukatun ASHRAE 90.1 (sashe 5-10). An bayyana ECB a cikin raka'a na daloli.

Ana yin kwaikwayon aikin gini a kan tsarin ginin da aka tsara. Kudin kudin da aka tsara na makamashi dole ne ya zama ƙasa da ko daidai da kasafin kudin kudin makamashi na asali don cimma daidaito.

Hakanan ana amfani da tsarin aiki don nuna ingancin makamashi na ƙira, sau da yawa ana nuna shi a matsayin *kashi mafi kyau fiye da ASHRAE Standard 90.1*. Tsarin gine-gine zai bayyana aikin su a matsayin "40% mafi kyau fiye da ASHRAE 90.1-2007" ko "20% mafi kyau fiye le ASHRAe 90.1-2010". Ingantawa cikin kashi akan ASHRAE 90.1 shine tushen bayar da maki na makamashi a cikin tsarin ƙididdigar LEED.

## Matsayi a matsayin lambar makamashi da ma'auni na masana'antu
Jihohi da yawa suna amfani da ASHRAE 90.1 ga gine-ginen da ake ginawa ko a karkashin gyare-gyare. Yawancin jihohi suna amfani da daidaitattun ko daidaitattun daidaito ga duk gine-ginen kasuwanci. Sauran suna amfani da ma'auni ko daidaitattun ma'aunin ga duk gine-ginen gwamnati. Akwai wasu jihohin da ke amfani da wasu ka'idodin kiyaye makamashi ga duk gine-ginen kasuwanci da wasu jihohin waɗanda ke amfani da haɗuwa da ka'idar ASHRAE 90.1 ga duk gine'in gwamnati kuma suna amfani da wasu ƙa'idodin kiyaye makamashin don gine-giginsu na kasuwanci. Wasu jihohi ba sa amfani da kowane ka'idar kiyaye makamashi ga gwamnatocinsu da gine-ginen kasuwanci.

Matsayi na yanzu na tallafi a cikin lambobin makamashi ana bin diddigin Building Codes Assistance Project. Ya zuwa watan Satumbar 2020, jihohi 7 suna da lambobin da suka hadu ko suka wuce ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2016; jihohi 14 suna da lambob din da suka hadu da ko suka wuceASHRAE Stand 90.1-2013; jihohi 8 suna da lambodin da suka hadu to suka wuce AShRAE Standard 60.1-2010; jihohi 9 suna da lambon da suka hadu o ya wuce ASH RAE Standard 90. 1-2007 kuma jihohi 8 ba su da ko dai ba su da lambar jihar ko lambar da ta gaba da 90.1-2004. California Energy Code (CCR Title 24 Part 6) yana da irin wannan tsari da buƙatu.

ASHRAE 90.1 kuma ma'auni ne na masana'antu wanda USGBC ta ambata a cikin shirin takardar shaidar gine-ginen LEED. Ana amfani dashi akai-akai azaman tushe don kwatanta yayin ayyukan gyaran makamashi ko kowane aikin da ke amfani da simulation na aikin gini.

A waje da Amurka, Dokar Kula da Makamashi ta Indiya, tana da irin wannan tsari da kuma iyaka ga ASHRAE 90.1.  (Wasu ƙasashe suna da siffofi daban-daban kamar ƙimar wutar lantarki ta Ireland, ko Dokar Ingancin Makamashi ta Hong Kong) 

## Tarihi da ci gaba

### Matsayi 90-1975
Ci gaban Standard 90 ya fara ne bayan rikicin makamashi na 1970s. Shugaban ASHRAE Robert R. Kirkwood ya sanya taken ASHRAe na 1973 "Mafi kyawun Amfani da Makamashi Ta hanyar Fasaha". A taron hunturu na ASHRAE a Los Angeles a watan Fabrairun 1974, Ofishin Ka'idojin Kasa (NBS) ya gabatar da ci gaban su na farko na tsarin samar da makamashi ga mahalarta taron ASHRAe 200. NBS da Taron Jihohi na Kasa kan Lambobin Gine-gine da Ka'idoji (NCSBCS) sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban ma'auni zuwa ASHRAE, kuma ASHRAe ta yarda.

An kammala ci gaban ma'aunin da aka tsara, Standard 90P, a cikin ƙasa da watanni shida. ASHRAE ta nemi wakilai daga Cibiyar Nazarin Gine-gine ta Amurka (AIA), Ƙungiyar Injiniya ta Haskakawa (IES), Ƙungiyar Kwararrun Injiniya na Amurka (MCAA), Cibiyar Air Conditioning da Refrigeration (ARI), da Ƙungiyar Wutar Lantarki (EEA). An bayar da rubutun ma'auni a ranar 21 ga Yuni, 1974, ga masu ruwa da tsaki 5,000 na masana'antu don sake dubawa na jama'a. An karɓi tsokaci, an sake fasalin, kuma an ba da sigar farko a matsayin ASHRAE Standard 90-1975 a ranar 14 ga Janairu, 1975. 

## Manazarta