ISSN

**Lambar Serial ta Duniya** (**ISSN**) Lambar jerin lambobi ne guda takwas  da aka yin amfani dasu  don gano littafin serial (na lokaci-lokaci), kamar mujallar. ISSN tana da taimako musamman wajen rarrabe tsakanin jerin shirye-shirye tare da wannan taken. Ana amfani da ISSNs wajen yin oda, tsarawa, rance tsakanin laburare, da sauran ayyuka dangane da wallafe-wallafen serial.

An fara tsare tsarin ISSN a matsayin Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya don daidaitawa (ISO) a cikin 1971 kuma an buga shi a matsayin ISO 3297 a cikin 1975.  Kwamitin ISO TC 46 / SC 9 yana da alhakin kiyaye ma'auni.

Lokacin da aka buga jerin abubuwan da ke da nau'ikan kafofin watsa labarai fiye da ɗaya, ana sanya ISSN daban-daban ga kowane nau'in kafofin watsa labarai. Misali, ana buga jerin shirye-shirye da yawa a cikin bugawa da Kafofin watsa labarai na lantarki. Tsarin ISSN yana nufin waɗannan nau'ikan kamar **bugawa ISSN** (**p-ISSN**) da **ISSN na lantarki** (**e-ISSN**).  Sakamakon haka, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin ISO 3297:2007, kowane jerin a cikin tsarin ISSN an kuma sanya shi **haɗi ISSN** (**ISSN-L**), yawanci daidai da ISSN da aka sanya wa jerin a cikin matsakaiciyar farko da aka buga, wanda ke haɗa tare da duk ISSNs da aka sanya zuwa jerin a kowane matsakaici.

## Tsarin lambar
ISSN lambar lambobi ce mai lambobi takwas, an raba ta hanyar hyphen zuwa lambobi biyu masu lambobi huɗu. Lambar ƙarshe, wacce zata iya zama sifili ta hanyar tara ko X, lambar tantancewa ce, don haka ISSN tana wakiltar lambobi bakwai na farko. A hukumance, ana iya bayyana nau'in ISSN (wanda ake kira "tsarin ISSN" ko "ISSN") kamar haka: 
 
iC id="mwRQ">N N yana cikin saiti {0,1,2,...,9}, halayyar lambobi, kuma C yana cikin {0,1,2...,9,X}; ko kuma ta hanyar Perl Compatible Regular Expressions (PCRE) na yau da kullun:
 
Misali, ISSN na mujallar Hearing Resear`C`, shine 0378-5955, inda 5 na ƙarshe shine lambar tantancewa, wato C=5. Don lissafin lambar tantancewa, ana iya amfani da algorithm mai zuwa:

Don tabbatar da lambar tantancewa, lissafa jimlar dukkan lambobi takwas na ISSN da aka ninka a matsayinsu a cikin lambar, ƙidaya daga dama.  (Idan lambar tantancewa ita ce X, ƙara 10 zuwa jimlar.) Sauran jimlar modulo 11 dole ne ya zama 0. Akwai mai binciken ISSN na kan layi wanda zai iya tabbatar da ISSN, bisa ga algorithm dake sama.

### A cikin EANs
ISSNs za a iya sanya su a cikin Lambobin mashaya na EAN-13 tare da lambar ƙasa ta 977 (kwatanta lambar ƙasa ta 978 ("bookland") don ISBN), sannan manyan lambobi 7 na ISSN (ba a haɗa lambar tantancewa ba), sannan lambobi 2 da aka ayyana, sannan lambar tantancewar EAN (wanda baya buƙatar daidaita da lambar tantance ISSN). 

## Aikace-aikacen lambar, kiyayewa da bincike
Ana bada lambobin ISSN ta hanyar cibiyar sadarwa ta ISSN National Centres, yawanci suna cikin ɗakunan karatu na ƙasa kuma Cibiyar ISSN International dake Paris ce ke daidaita su. Cibiyar Kasa da Kasa kungiya ce ta gwamnati da aka kirkira a shekara  1974 ta hanyar yarjejeniya tsakanin UNESCO da gwamnatin Faransa.

### Haɗin ISSN
*ISSN-L* alama ce ta musamman ga duk nau'ikan jerin dake  dauke da abun ciki iri ɗaya a fadin kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban. Kamar yadda *ISO 3297:2007* ya bayyana, "haɗin ISSN (ISSN-L) " yana bada hanyar haɗuwa ko haɗi tsakanin nau'ikan kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban na wannan hanyar  cigaba. ISSN-L yana daya daga *ISSN-L* na yanzu, don haka baya canza amfani ko aikin ISSNs "na yau da kullun";  ya dogara ne akan ISSN na farkon bugawa na matsakaici. Idan an gama bugawa da kuma rubutun kan layi na littafin a lokaci guda, ana zabar ISSN na bugawa a matsayin tushen *ISSN-L*.

Tare da *ISSN-L* yana yiwuwa a sanya ISSN guda ɗaya don duk waɗannan nau'ikan kafofin watsa labarai na taken. Amfani da ISSN-L yana sauƙaƙa *ISSN-L*, dawowa da isar dashi  a duk nau'ikan kafofin watsa labarai don ayyuka kamar OpenURL, kundin ɗakin karatu, injunan bincike ko tushen ilimi.

### Rubuce-rubuce
Cibiyar ta Duniya tana kula da bayanan duk ISSNs da aka sanya a duk duniya, ISDS Register (International Serials Data System), inba haka ba an san shi da ISSN Register.  ISSN Register ya ƙunshi rubuce-rubuce don abubuwa 1,943,572.  Ba a samun rajistar kyauta don yin tambayoyi a yanar gizo, amma ana samun sa ta hanyar biyan kuɗi.

* Siffar bugawa ta jerin yawanci zata haɗa da lambar ISSN a matsayin wani ɓangare na bayanan bugawa.
* Yawancin shafukan yanar gizo na jerin suna dauke da bayanan lambar ISSN.
* Jerin wallafe-wallafen da aka samo daga ciki sau  dayawa zasu ƙunshi lambobin ISSN; ana iya samun waɗannan ta hanyar bincike na kan layi tare da lambar ISSN kanta ko taken serial.
* WorldCat yana bada izinin bincika kundinta  ta ISSN, ta hanyar shigar da "issn:" kafin lambar a fagen tambaya. Hakanan mutum na iya zuwa kai tsaye zuwa rikodin ISSN ta hanyar ƙara shi zuwa "", misali . Wannan baya tambayar ISSN Register kanta, amma yana nuna ko kowane ɗakin karatu na WorldCat yana riƙe da wani abu tare da ISSN da aka bashi.

## Kwatanta da sauran masu ganowa
Lambobin ISSN da ISBN suna da kama da juna, inda aka sanya ISBNs ga littattafai daban-daban. Ana iya sanya ISBN don takamaiman batutuwa na jerin, banda lambar ISSN don jerin gaba ɗaya. ISSN, ba kamar lambar ISBN ba, mai ganowa ne wanda ba a san shi ba wanda ke da alaƙa da taken serial, wanda bashi da wani bayani game da mai bugawa ko wurin. Saboda wannan dalili an sanya sabon ISSN zuwa jerin a duk lokacin daya sami babban canjin taken.

### Ƙarin bayani
Tunda  ISSN ya shafi dukan jerin, an gina wasu masu ganowa a samansa don bada izinin manazarta ga takamaiman kundin, labarai, ko wasu abubuwan da za a iya ganowa (kamar teburin abubuwan da ke ciki): Mai Bayyanawa (PII) da Mai Bayyana Bayani da Bayani (SICI).

### Kafofin watsa labarai da abun ciki
Ana buƙatar ISSNs daban-daban don jerin a cikin kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban (sai dai microforms na haifuwa). Don haka, nau'ikan bugawa da na'urorin Kafofin watsa labarai na lantarki na jerin suna buƙatar ISSNs daban-daban,  kuma nau'ikan CD-ROM da nau'ikan yanar gizo suna buƙatar ISsNs daban-ара. Koyaya, ana iya amfani da ISSN iri ɗaya don tsarin fayil daban-daban (misali PDF da HTML) na wannan jerin kan layi.

Wannan "bayanan da aka tsara ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai" na jerin shirye-shirye ya kasance mai ma'ana a cikin shekarun 1970s. A cikin shekarun 1990s da  cigaba, tare da kwamfutocin mutum, allo mafi kyau, da Yanar gizo, yana da ma'ana a yi la'akari da *abun ciki* kawai, mai zaman kansa daga kafofin watsa labarai. Wannan "bincike na abun ciki" na jerin shirye-shirye ya kasance buƙata mai ƙarfi a cikin shekaru goma, amma babu sabuntawa ko ƙaddamarwa na ISSN daya faru. Ƙarin halitta don ISSN, ganewar labarai na musamman a cikin jerin, shine babban aikace-aikacen buƙata. Wani nau'in abun ciki na jerin yazo tare da ƙididdigar abun ciki da aikace-aikacensa, mai gano abu na dijital (DOI), wani shiri mai zaman kansa na ISSN, wanda aka karfafa a cikin 2000s.

Sai daga baya, a cikin 2007, an bayyana ISSN-L a cikin sabon ma'auni na ISSN (ISO 3297:2007) a matsayin "ISSN da Cibiyar ISSN ta tsara don bada damar haɗuwa ko sasanci game da haɗa tsakanin kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban".

## Amfani a cikin URNs
Ana iya sanya ISSN a matsayin sunan ma'auni (URN) ta hanyar ƙaddamar dashi da ": ". Misali, ana iya kiran Rail da "". Yanayin sunayen URN suna da hankali, kuma sararin sunayen ISSN duk suna da ƙuƙwalwa. Idan lambar ƙididdigar itace "X" to ko yaushe ana sanya shi a cikin manyan haruffa a cikin URN.

### Matsalolin
URNs suna da alaƙa da abun ciki, amma ISSN tana da alaƙa ta kafofin watsa labarai:

* **ISSN ba na musamman ba ne** lokacin da ra'ayin shine "jarida saiti ne na abubuwan dake ciki, gabaɗaya abun dake da haƙƙin mallaka": wannan mujallar (abubuwa iri ɗaya da haƙƙin haƙƙin mallatteji iri ɗaya) na iya samun lambobin ISSN biyu ko fiye. URN tana buƙatar nuna "abubuwa ta musamman" ("mujallar ta musamman" a matsayin "saitin abubuwan dake ciki").

: Misali: Halitta tana da ISSN don bugawa, 0028-0836, kuma wani don wannan abun ciki akan Yanar gizo, 1476-4687; kawai tsofaffi (0028-0836) ana amfani dashi azaman mai ganowa na musamman. Kamar yadda ISSN bata musamman bace, ɗakin karatu na kasar  Amurka ya buƙaci ƙirƙirar, kafin 2007, NLM Unique ID (JID). 

* **ISSN** bata bada hanyoyin ƙuduri kamar mai gano abu na dijital (DOI) ko URN, don haka ana amfani da DOI azaman URN don labarai, tare da (don dalilai na tarihi) babu buƙatar wanzuwar ISSN.

: Misali: sunan DOI "10.1038/nature13777" ana iya wakilta shi azaman igiya ta hanyar , kuma an sake tura shi (an warware shi) zuwa shafin labarin na yanzu; amma babu sabis na kan layi na ISSN, kamar ``, don warware ISSN na mujallar (a cikin wannan samfurin 1476-4687).

URN na musamman don jerin yana sauƙaƙa bincike, dawowa da isar da bayanai don ayyuka daban-daban ciki har da, musamman, tsarin bincike da bayanan ilimi. **ISSN-L** (duba Linking ISSN a sama) an kirkireshi ne don cika wannan rata.

Matsakaicin nau'ikan kafofin watsa labarai guda biyu waɗanda suka fi samuwa sune *bugawa* da *lantarki*. A cikin mahallin metadata (misali, JATS), waɗannan na iya samun alamomi masu kyau.

### Rubuta ISSN
*p-ISSN* misali ne na lakabi don "Print ISSN", ISSN don buga kafofin watsa labarai (takarda) na jerin. Yawancin lokaci shine "ma'aikatan watsa labarai" don haka "ISSN".

*e-ISSN* (ko *eISSN*) alama ce ta "ISSN na lantarki", ISSN don Kafofin watsa labarai na lantarki (online) na jerin.

*  [it] (est. 2013), wanda Cibiyar ISSN International da UNESCO suka samar 

## manazarta

## Haɗin waje
* Cibiyar ISSN ta Duniya
* Tashar ISSN
* Jerin lambobin ISSN 63800 da lakabi