Cecil Williams (anti-apartheid activist)

**Cecil Williams** (1906-1979) darektan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Ingilishi-Afirka ta Kudu kuma mai fafutukar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata.

## Tarihin Rayuwa

### Rayuwar farko
An haifi Cecil Williams a Cornwall a shekara ta 1906.

### Ƙaura zuwa Afirka ta Kudu
Kasancewa a baya ya koyar da Ingilishi a makarantar sakandare (ciki har da lauya Sir Sydney Kentridge, kuma mai fafutukar yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata, wanda ya bayyana Williams a matsayin "babban malami mai ban sha'awa" wanda "ya kasance koyaushe yana magana game da siyasa"), ya bar zama ɗan wasan kwaikwayo,  Williams ya zama ɗan gwagwarmayar gurguzu. 

A lokacin da 'yan gurguzu ke muhawara kan yadda za'a mayar da martani kan rusa yankin Sophiatown da gwamnati ta yi a yankin Johannesburg, Williams da Jack Hodgson na daga cikin masu kiran masu zanga-zangar da su yi amfani da karfi kai tsaye. 

Ya kasance babban memba a kafa Congress of Democrats, kuma lokacin da gwamnati ta ayyana dokar ta-ɓaci bayan kisan kiyashin da aka yi a Sharpeville an tsare shi a kurkukun Pretoria. 

An zabi Williams a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar Springbok Legion a taron ƙungiyar na shekarar 1952. Williams ya yi aiki tare da Bram Fischer wajen haɗa ƙungiyoyin biyu, amma kafin ƙungiyoyin su haɗe, an kai samame ofisoshin ƙungiyar Springbok Legion, kuma Ministan ‘yan sanda ya umarci Williams da ya yi murabus daga duk wata ƙungiya da yake cikinta. 

A ranar 28 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1953 gabanin taron da waɗannan ƙungiyoyi biyu za su haɗe, jami’an tsaro sun kai samame ofisoshin Legion. Ministan ‘yan sandan ya umarci Williams tare da abokin aikinsa Alan Lipman da su yi murabus daga duk wata ƙungiya da suke cikinta. Bugu da ƙari an hana su halartar wani biki ko taro har tsawon shekaru 2.

A shekara ta 1959, Williams ya samar da *[[Kimberley Train]]*, wasan kwaikwayo na yaki da wariyar launin fata wanda ke nuna duka baƙaƙe da farare. ** A wannan shekarar ne aka gurfanar da shi a gaban kotu bisa laifin cin amanar ƙasa, amma daga baya aka wanke shi. 

Williams yana da gida a ɗaya daga cikin benayen bene na wani ginin gida na Johannesburg.  Ya ba da damar yin amfani da wannan gida a matsayin wurin ganawa tsakanin Nelson Mandela da matarsa Winnie Mandela a lokacin da tsohon yake ɓoye. 

Williams ya yi abota da wata ’yar hamshakin attajiri mai suna Mrs Sharp, wacce ta siya masa kyaututtuka kuma ta ba shi kuɗi; ta ba shi babbar motar Austin Westminster.  Wannan mota wani lokaci Mandela ya yi amfani da ita, a lokacin da ya ke nuna cewa shi mai tuki ne. 

### Kamawa
A cikin shekarar 1962, Mandela ya so tafiya zuwa Natal don ganawa da Albert Luthuli don tattaunawa game da dangantakar ANC da Majalisar Pan-African Congress.  Daga nan ya kasance a Lilliesleaf, kuma ya tashi tare da Williams a cikin motar ta ƙarshe; Mandela ya yi kamar shi mai tukin mota ne.  Sun ziyarci Durban, inda Mandela ya gana da Ismail Meer da matarsa Fatima Meer, sannan suka wuce Groutville, inda Mandela ya gana da Luthuli. 

Suna komawa Johannesburg da yammacin Lahadi 5 ga watan Agusta, motar 'yan sanda ta riske su yayin da suke wucewa Howick. Motar 'yan sandan, ba da daɗewa ba wasu biyu suka bi ta, ta tuggu Mandela da Williams; Mandela ya ɓoye bindiga da littafin rubutu tsakanin kujerun gaba biyu.  Mandela ya sanar da ‘yan sanda cewa sunansa David Motsamai, ko da yake sun amsa cewa suna sane da hakikanin sa kuma ana tsare da shi da Williams.  'Yan sanda sun koro su biyun zuwa Pietermaritzburg, tare da kulle su a cikin sel daban. 

Daga baya Williams an tsare shi a gidan na tsawon awanni 12. 

### Rayuwa ta baya
Bayan an sake shi Williams ya tsere daga Afirka ta Kudu. Daga baya ya zauna a Glasgow, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya yi yakin neman zaɓe tare da ƙungiyar Glasgow ta Anti-Apartheid Movement.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Williams ɗan luwaɗi ne,  kuma ya sha fama da hare-haren masu luwaɗi.  Marubucin tarihin Mandela Martin Meredith ya bayyana Williams a matsayin "mutum mai rugujewa". 

## Martaba
A cikin shekarar 1998, an fitar da wani fim game da Williams, *The Man Who Drove with Mandela*. 

## Duba kuma

* Torch Commando

## Manazarta

### Littattafai

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## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Labari akan gidan yanar gizon Tarihin Afirka ta Kudu