Ma'aikatar Ilimi, Al'adu, Bincike, da Fasaha

**Ma'aikatar Ilimi, Al'adu, Bincike, da Fasaha** (Indonesian) ma'aikaceya ne na gwamnati, na Gwamnatin Indonesia wanda ke da alhakin ilimi, al'adu, bincike, da harkokin fasaha. An kafa ta ne daga hadewar Ma'aikatar Ilimi da Al'adu da Ma'aikatu na Bincike da Fasaha a watan Afrilun a shekara ta 2021. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2024, a karkashin majalisar Red White, an raba ma'aikatar zuwa ma'aikatu uku: Ma'aikatan Ilimi na Firamare da na Sakandare, Ma'aikalin Ilimi mafi girma, Kimiyya da Fasaha, da Ma'aikin Al'adu.

## Tarihi

### Kafawa
A ranar 30 ga Maris 2021, Shugaba Joko Widodo ya gabatar da Wasikar Shugaban kasa ga Majalisar Wakilai ta Jama'a, wanda ya ƙunshi wani tsari don manyan canje-canje a cikin majalisar ministocin ƙasa, daya daga cikinsu shine haɗakar Ma'aikatar Bincike da Fasaha da Ma'aikatu da Al'adu a cikin ma'aikatun da ake kira Ma'auratan Ilimi, Al'adu, Bincike, da Fasaha. Hukumar Bincike da Innovation ta Kasa (Indonesia: *Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional*, ta rage **BRIN**) za a raba ta a matsayin sabuwar hukumar da ba ta ma'aikatar ba.

A ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2021, Majalisar Wakilai ta Jama'a ta amince da shawarar, tare da kirkirar sabuwar Ma'aikatar Zuba Jari. A ranar 13 ga Afrilu 2021, Ali Mochtar Ngabalin, mai magana da yawun kuma kwararre na Ofishin Ma'aikatan Shugaban kasa, ya ba da sanarwar cewa za a sake fasalin na biyu na Ma'aikatar Indonesia a mako na biyu na Afrilu 2021. An sanar da sake fasalin ne a ranar 28 ga Afrilu 2021. Shi ne na farko na irin sa, saboda ba wai kawai an sake fasalin ministocin ba, amma kuma an rushe cibiyoyin majalisa a tsakiyar wa'adin. A cikin wannan sake fasalin, an nada Nadiem Makarim a matsayin Ministan Ilimi, Al'adu, Bincike, da Fasaha na farko, bisa ga Hukuncin Shugaban kasa No. 72/P/2021. A wannan rana, Shugaban ya amince da ma'aikatar a matsayin daya daga cikin ma'aikatu talatin da hudu na gwamnatin Indonesia.

A ranar 30 ga watan Yulin 2021, Shugaba Joko Widodo ya ba da takardar kafa ta dindindin ta ma'aikatar, Dokar Shugaban kasa No. 62/2021.  Dokar kanta ta koma ranar 15 ga Yulin 2021.

Hasto Kristiyanto, Babban Sakataren Jam'iyyar Democrat ta Indonesiya, ya yaba da matakin. Ya bayyana fatansa cewa, tare da haɗuwa, BRIN mai zaman kanta yanzu zai taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen hanzarta ci gaban bincike a Indonesia. Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar X a Majalisar Wakilai ta Jama'a, Hetifah Syaifudian na Golkar, shi ma ya yaba da matakin. Ta yi sharhi cewa haɗuwa na iya taimakawa haɗin gwiwar bincike tsakanin masana kimiyya da hukumomin bincike.

#### Rashin amincewa
Mataimakin shugaban jam'iyyar Prosperous Justice Party a Majalisar Wakilai ta Jama'a Mulyanto daga 'yan adawa ya soki shawarar, yana mai cewa canjin bai yi tasiri ba. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa gwamnati ba ta koyi daga haɗuwa da Ma'aikatar Bincike da Fasaha da Babban Darakta na Ilimi mafi girma ba, wanda ya kafa Ma'aikatu na Bincike, Fasaha, da Ilimi mafi Girma. Duk da yake haɗuwa ta yi nasara, Mulyanto ya yi iƙirarin cewa ma'aikatar ba ta da tasiri lokacin da aka haɗa ta don gudanar da bincike da ci gaban fasaha da harkokin ilimi. Ya kuma ambaci cewa a cikin majalisar ministocin da ta gabata, tsarin ƙaura da daidaitawa a cikin sabuwar ma'aikatar ya buƙaci aƙalla shekaru uku. Ba wai kawai haka ba, kasancewar Hukumar Bincike da Innovation ta Kasa da ba ta ma'aikatar ba don daidaitawa da sauƙaƙe bincike da ci gaba na jihar zai haifar da haɗuwa da wasu ayyukan ma'aikalin.

Har ila yau, hadin gwiwar da ke mulki sun nuna zargi. Yayinda Shugaban Hukumar X a Majalisar Wakilai ta Jama'a, Syaiful Huda na Jam'iyyar National Awakening, ya yaba da matakin, ya soki lokacin da aka kafa sabuwar ma'aikatar, wanda ya faru a tsakiyar wa'adin na biyu na gwamnatin da ke mulki, lokacin da aka yi irin wannan babban canji a baya. Da yake ambaton batun dogon lokaci na ƙaura da daidaitawa, Huda ya bukaci a yi tsarin sauyawa da wuri-wuri, a cikin matsakaicin lokacin shekara guda bayan kafa sabuwar ma'aikatar, yana jaddada muhimmancin bincike a lokacin annobar COVID-19. Ya kuma yi sharhi cewa irin wannan haɗuwa zai sanya nauyi ga sabuwar ma'aikatar saboda duka ma'aikatu biyu da suka gabata suna da ma'ana daban-daban.

Bayan fitowar Dokar Shugaban kasa No. 62/2021, jami'an ma'aikatar sun soki kafa Babban Darakta na Ilimi, Bincike, da Fasaha. Wani jami'i daga Ma'aikatar Kula da Inganci, Johannes Gunawan, ya soki gwamnati saboda rashin koyo daga gazawar da ta gabata, yana mai ambaton rashin kula da kwararru a baya.

### Canjin Tsarin Mulki na 2022
A cikin 2022, ma'aikatar ta fara zaɓuɓɓukan manufofin tsarin karatu a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙoƙarin rage asarar ilmantarwa kuma a matsayin hanyar dawo da ilmantarwa. Ma'aikatar ta samar da zaɓuɓɓuka uku don ƙungiyoyin ilimi don aiwatar da tsarin karatun da ya danganci Ka'idodin Ilimi na Kasa wanda ya dace da bukatun ilmantarwa da mahallin kowane ɗayan ilimi. Zaɓuɓɓuka uku sune kamar haka: 

* ta amfani da Tsarin Mulki na 2013 gaba ɗaya
* ta amfani da Tsarin Nazarin Gaggawa
* ta amfani da Tsarin Nazarin Mai Zaman Kanta

The ministry launched the Independent Curriculum (Indonesian: Kurikulum Merdeka) as part of learning activities' recovery process. The curriculum was designed to be more flexible, focus on essential material, and develop students' character and competence. The main characteristics of this curriculum that support learning recovery are:

* Koyon da aka samo asali don ƙwarewa mai laushi da ci gaban hali bisa ga bayanan ɗaliban Pancasila
* Ka mai da hankali kan kayan da ke da mahimmanci don samun isasshen lokaci don nazarin zurfi na ƙwarewar asali kamar karatu da rubutu da lissafi.
* Sauƙin malamai don aiwatar da ilmantarwa daban-daban bisa ga iyawar ɗalibai da yin gyare-gyare ga mahallin gida da abun ciki.

### 2022 Bayyanawar Ƙungiyar Inuwa
Ba kamar sauran ma'aikatu a Indonesia ba, Ma'aikatar Ilimi, Al'adu, Bincike, da Fasaha suna da ƙungiyar inuwa a waje da tsarin ta, wanda yake da girma sosai kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin manufofin ma'aikatun da kuma fitarwa. An bayyana kasancewar kungiyar inuwa a watan Satumbar 2022. An bayyana kungiyar a matsayin "baƙon abu kuma ba daidai ba" tare da kusan mambobi 400, wanda ya dace da girman Babban Darakta na ma'aikatar, daga manajojin samfur, masana kimiyya, da injiniyoyin software. Kungiyar inuwa ta yi wasu ayyukan bincike da ci gaba a madadin Ma'aikatar. Kasancewar kungiyar ta ba da mamaki ga 'yan Indonesiya da yawa, kamar yadda a karo na farko a cikin siyasar Indonesiya wata ma'aikatar ta yi amfani da ƙungiyar inuwa. Don bayyanawa, Nadiem ya tabbatar da wanzuwar kungiyar inuwa da kungiyar inuwa a zahiri hadin gwiwar shari'a tsakanin ma'aikatar tare da GovTech Edu, wani kamfani na jihar na Telkom. Irin wannan yunkuri ya soki Majalisar Wakilai ta Jama'a,  da kuma kungiyoyin jama'a da ke ba da shawarar jin daɗin malamai da ilimi.  Masu sukar sun soki cewa irin wannan yunkuri "ya lalacewa" ne kuma "rashin girmamawa" ga dubban albarkatun ɗan adam na asali da ma'aikatar ta yi amfani da su.  

### Binciken shekarar 2025 game da cin zarafin Chromebook
Tun daga watan Mayu 2025, Ofishin Babban Lauyan Indonesia a halin yanzu yana binciken abin kunya da ya shafi sayen kwamfyutocin Chromebook tsakanin 2019 da 2023. 

Ministan ilimi, al'adu, bincike, da fasaha, wanda shugaban kasa ya nada a kansa, ya kasance ta hanyar Dokar Shugaban kasa No. 62 na 2021. Shugaban Ma'aikatar Ilimi, Al'adu, Bincike, da Fasaha, a karkashin kuma yana da alhakin shugaban kasa. Dokar ta kuma kirkiro Ofishin Mataimakin Ministan Ilimi, Al'adu, Bincike, da Fasaha, kodayake a halin yanzu babu shi. 

Da farko, tsarin tsarin ma'aikatar ya haɗu kai tsaye ne na tsarin ma'aikatan ministoci biyu da suka gabata. Koyaya, an ɗauki tsarin ya yi yawa kuma ba shi da tasiri. 

Tsarin Ma'aikatar ya fadada ta hanyar Dokar Ma'aikatu No. 28/2021, kuma an sabunta shi tare da Dokar Ma'aikata No. 16/2024 cikin:  

An kirkiro wani karamin Ma'aikatar Bincike da Fasaha, Babban Darakta na Ilimi Mafi Girma, Bincike, da Fasaha a cikin ma'aikatun don bin Dokar Shugaban kasa No. 62/2021, don gudanarwa da tsara kimiyya, bincike, da fasaha a Indonesia bayan rushewar Ma'aikatu da Fasaha.  Duk da haka, ba a bayyana daidaituwa tsakanin ma'aikatar da Hukumar Bincike da Innovation ta Kasa (BRIN) a cikin takardar da ta kafa ba. Minista Nadiem Makarim ya tabbatar da cewa BRIN abokin tarayya ne na ma'aikatar wajen gudanar da bincike, kuma ba mai bin ma'aikalin ba. Duk da yake dokar shugaban kasa ba ta raba iyakar ma'aikatar da daidaitawa tare da BRIN ba, Dokar Ministoci No. 28/2021 ta rarrabe BRIN a matsayin ƙungiya daban kuma a bayyane ta bayyana ikon ma'aikatu wajen tsara al'amuran kimiyya, bincike, da fasaha, ta tabbatar da sanarwar Makarim. Dokar ma'aikatar ta kuma tabbatar da barin Cibiyar Nazarin Archaeology ta Kasa ga BRIN . 

A matsayinta na mai kula da kimiyya, bincike, da fasaha a Indonesia, Ma'aikatar tana da matsayi don kula da shirya ka'idoji da manufofin fasaha na kimiyya, bincike da fasaha. Duk da mulkin mai kula, Ma'aikatar Ilimi, Al'adu, Bincike, da Fasaha suma suna da ayyukan bincike, amma kawai an iyakance su ga binciken ilimi. Bincike da ayyukan ci gaba na jihar, binciken dabarun gwamnati marasa ilimi, da binciken manufofi ana gudanar da su ta hanyar BRIN.

## Sabon Zamanin
Bayan da aka rantsar da Prabowo Subianto a matsayin Shugaban Indonesia, a karkashin Red White Cabinet, an raba ma'aikatar zuwa ma'aikatu uku, akwai: Ma'aikatun Firamare da Sakandare, Ma'aikalin Ilimi mafi girma, Kimiyya da Fasaha, da Ma'aikin Al'adu.

## Dubi kuma

* Ma'aikatar Indonesia
* Jerin ma'aikatun gwamnati na Indonesia

## Manazarta