open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Kisan Aishwarya

**Kisan Aishwarya** ya faru ne tsakanin Janairu 2 zuwa 3 na 2024. 

Wani Kallar Hindu, Aishwarya, mai shekaru 19, ya auri Naveen, Dalit a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 2023 bayan dangantaka ta watanni 18.[1] Ma'auratan sun hadu a makaranta kuma sun yi aiki a wani sashi a Tiruppur . [1][2] Bayan bikin auren, ma'auratan sun koma Veerapandi, Theni. Iyayen Aishwarya, Perumal da Roja, sun gabatar da rahoton Mutanen da suka ɓace, wanda ya haifar da mayar da Aishwarja ga iyayenta duk da cewa ta cika shekaru. [1][3]￼￼

A ranar 3 ga watan Janairun 2024, Naveen ta koyi game da mutuwar da ƙonewar Aishwarya, inda ta gabatar da rahoton 'yan sanda a ranar 7 ga watan Janairu a karkashin zargin cewa iyayenta sun kashe Aishwaria.

Daga baya aka kama Perumal da Roja saboda azabtarwa da rataye 'yarsu wacce daga baya aka ƙone ta  kuma an dakatar da jami'in 'yan sanda Murugaiyan saboda tilasta dawowar Aishwarya ga iyayenta.  An tsare wasu 'yan gidan Aishwarya da yawa dangane da lamarin.

## Manazarta
Kashe Israa Ghrayeb

**mutuwar Israa Ghrayeb** ta faru ne a ranar 22 ga watan Agusta 2019 a birnin Baitalami na Palasdinawa .  Israa Ghrayeb, mai shekaru 21 mai zane-zane na Musulmi, an doke ta har ta mutu a cikin "kisan girmamawa" saboda ta sanya selfie tare da saurayinta kwana daya kafin su yi alkawari. Iyalinta sun musanta zargin, suna cewa a maimakon haka ta mutu daga ciwon zuciya.

## Mutuwa da bincike
Ghrayeb ta mutu a ranar 22 ga watan Agusta 2019 bayan ta samu rauni a gidanta a Beit Sahour . Mutuwarta ta haifar da zanga-zangar Palasdinawa, saboda zargin cewa kisan kai ne na girmamawa.[1] Iyalin Ghrayeb sun yi iƙirarin cewa dalilin mutuwarta ciwon zuciya ne.[2] A ranar 6 ga watan Satumba, hukumomin Palasdinawa suna da mutane uku a tsare dangane da mutuwar kuma sun gudanar da bincike.[3]￼

A ranar 12 ga Satumba 2019 binciken ya kammala cewa Ghrayeb ta mutu saboda rikitarwa a cikin tsarin numfashi wanda ya haifar da bugawa akai-akai. An tuhumi 'yan uwa uku.

## Amsoshin
Mutuwar Israa Ghrayeb ta haifar da fushi a Yammacin Kogin, tare da Falasdinawa suna shirya zanga-zangar adawa da kisan a Baitalami da Ramallah.

An yada hashtag din #WeAreAllIsraa a shafukan sada zumunta don nuna hadin kai ga Ghrayeb . 

Adalah Justice Project, kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Palasdinawa, ta ce sun "yi fushi da bakin ciki" da "kisan da aka yi".

## Dubi kuma
Nazr

PppA Musulunci, kalmar **nazr** ( Arabic ) ko "Hasad" alƙawari ne ko alƙawarin aiwatar da wani aiki. Rashin cika alƙawarin yana haifar da buƙatar ɗaukar matakin diyya, galibi na sadaka, kamar ciyar da talakawa. [1] Nazr kuma zai iya ɗaukar nau'in haraji ga wani babban mutum ko biyan kuɗi lokacin da ya hau mulki. [2] Manufar ta daɗe kuma ta sake faruwa a cikin tarihin duniyar Musulunci . Misali a shekara ta 1632, Mirza Zulqarnain, wani jami'in Kirista a Daular Mughul, ya biya nazr na giwaye biyar ga Kotun Mughal. [3]

## Manazarta
Kisan Sara Di Pietrantonio

**kisan Sara Di Pietrantonio** wani Kisan mata ne wanda ya faru a ranar 29 ga Mayu 2016 a Roma, Italiya . Tsohon saurayinta Vincenzo Paduano ya bi yarinyar kuma ya ƙone ta da rai. Don laifin an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai.

## Tarihin abubuwan da suka faru
Sara Di Pietrantonio matashiya ce daga birnin Rome mai kimanin shekaru 22. Ta kasance ɗaliba a Sashen Tattalin Arziki na Jami'ar Roma Tre kuma tana zaune a ƙauyen  .  Tana cikin shirin kawo karshen wata dangantaka mai sarkakiya da Vincenzo Paduano, wani mai gadi da ya girme ta da shekaru biyar, wanda ya daɗe kimanin shekaru biyu. Sun haɗu a lokacin bazara na 2014 kuma suka yi aure.  Ma'auratan sun yi jayayya sau da yawa, har ma da zazzafan ra'ayi, suna katse dangantakarsu aƙalla sau uku.
Alicia Gali

**Alicia Gali** mace ce ta Australiya wacce aka daure ta watanni takwas a Fujairah, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa a shekara ta 2008.  An zarge ta da yin jima'i ba bisa ka'ida ba a karkashin Dokar Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa bayan ta ba da rahoto ga 'yan sanda game da shan miyagun ƙwayoyi da fyade da abokan aiki uku. Shari'arta ta jawo hankalin jama'a da kuma sukar tsarin shari'a na Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa game da lamarin.

## Da'awar fyade a otal din Le Méridien
Alicia Gali tana aiki a matsayin manajan salon kyawawan abubuwa a Le Meridien Al Aqah Beach Resort, Fujairah .  Ta yi amfani da maraice tana shan giya tare da abokan aiki uku. Ta yi iƙirarin cewa lokacin da ta farka washegari, ta kasance "tsirara, tare da haƙarƙari da rauni mai yawa" amma ta yarda cewa ba ta da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya game da dare da ya gabata. Abokan aikinta sun musanta a ƙarƙashin rantsuwa cewa an yi wani hari, kuma sun shaida a kotu cewa Gali ya yarda ya yi jima'i da su. Sun yi zargin cewa raunin da ta samu ya faru ne saboda faduwarta yayin da take rawa a kan tebur.

## Lokacin kurkuku
Bayan zargin fyade, Gali ta tuntubi wani jami'in kwastam na Australiya a makwabciyar Dubai. Ba a gargadi ta cewa korafe-korafe na fyade da ba a tabbatar da su ba na iya haifar da jima'i a waje da tuhumar aure a karkashin dokar yankin. Gali ya ba da rahoton zargin fyade ga 'yan sanda na yankin. Koyaya, maza sun ba da shaida a kotu cewa jima'i ya kasance yarjejeniya kuma ba za a iya ba da wata hujja cewa fyade sun faru ba. An kama Gali da mutanen da ake tuhuma kuma an yanke musu hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku na tsawon watanni 12  saboda yin jima'i na aure. An sake ta daga kurkuku bayan watanni takwas a watan Maris na shekara ta 2009. Kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa wanda aka azabtar ya shiga cikin "jima'i na yardar rai" saboda ta amince da shiga motar daya daga cikin maza - aikin yardar rai wanda ya nuna cewa ta san abin da take shiga ciki.
Knives Out (jerin fina-finai)

**Knives Out** jerin fina-finai ne na asiri na kisan kai na Amurka wanda Rian Johnson ya rubuta, ya ba da umarni, kuma ya hada shi. Daniel Craig ne ke jagorantar fina-finai a matsayin mai bincike / mai bincike Benoit Blanc, wanda ke da hannu wajen binciken waɗannan asirin. Craig yana da goyon baya daga manyan masu goyon baya, ciki har da Edward Norton, Chris Evans, Ana de Armas, Janelle Monáe, Josh O'Connor, Josh Brolin, da Dave Bautista, da sauransu, tare da abokan haɗin gwiwar Johnson mafi kusa Noah Segan da Joseph Gordon-Levitt suna bayyana a cikin ƙananan matsayi da cameos, bi da bi.

Jerin fim din ya fara ne a cikin 2019 tare da Knives Out, wanda ya sadu da yabo mai mahimmanci, musamman ga rubutun sa, jagora, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo, daga masu sauraro da masu sukar fim. Ya tara dala miliyan 311.4 a duk duniya a kan kasafin kuɗi na dala miliyan 40. Bayan nasarar fim din na farko, sabis na yawo Netflix ya sayi haƙƙin mallaka na musamman ga sakonni biyu na Knives Out sama da dala miliyan 400. An kuma saki fim na biyu na Glass Onion zuwa karɓar karɓa mai kyau a cikin 2022,  kodayake iyakantaccen fitowar wasan kwaikwayo ya haifar da ƙaramin aikin kuɗi. 

Fim na uku, Wake Up Dead Man, ya fara samarwa a watan Yunin 2024,  kuma an sake shi a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2025.

Kowane fim a cikin ikon mallakar an sanya masa suna ne bayan waƙar da ƙungiyar rock ta yi: "Knives Out" ta Radiohead, "Glass Onion" ta Beatles, da kuma "Wake Up Dead Man" ta U2.

## Fim din

### Wutsiyoyi (2019)
A cikin ci gaban fim din, Johnson ya ambaci wasu abubuwan ban mamaki da ban mamaki da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na ban mamaki a matsayin tasiri, gami da The Last of Sheila, Murder on the Orient Express, Something's Afoot, Murder by Death, Death on the Nile, The Private Eyes, The Mirror Crack'd, Evil Under the Sun, Deathtrap, Clue, da Gosford Park.  Fassarar Sleuth ta 1972, wanda aka fi so "whodunit kusa" na Johnson, shi ma wahayi ne, musamman ga saitin da saitin zane, gami da na'ura mai sarrafa kansa, Jolly Jack the Sailor .  An dauki taken ne daga waƙar Radiohead ta 2001 "Knives Out"; Johnson, mai sha'awar Radiohead, ya ce: "A bayyane yake, fim din ba shi da *Alamar* da waƙar ... Wannan juyin magana koyaushe yana makale a kaina. Kuma kawai ya zama kamar babban taken ga asirin kisan kai. "  Sunan Harlan Thrombey an ɗauke shi ne daga 1981 Choose Your Own Adventure wanda ya kashe Harlowe Thrombey? 

Fim din ya fara fitowa a duniya a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Toronto na 2019 a ranar 7 ga Satumba, 2019, kuma Lionsgate Films ta fitar da shi a Amurka a ranar 27 ga Nuwamba. Fim din ya sami yabo mai mahimmanci, musamman ga rubutun sa, jagora, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. A 77th Golden Globe Awards, ya sami gabatarwa uku a cikin Musical ko Comedy category, yayin da yake karɓar gabatarwa mafi kyawun asali a 73rd British Academy Film Awards da 92nd Academy Awards. Cibiyar Nazarin Fim ta Amurka da Hukumar Bincike ta Kasa ne suka zaba shi a matsayin daya daga cikin fina-finai goma na shekarar 2019.

## Manazarta
Arthur Turner (bishop)

**Arthur Beresford Turner** (24 ga watan Agustan 1862 - 28 ga watan Oktoba 1910) shi ne Bishop na biyu na Anglican a Koriya daga 1905  har zuwa mutuwarsa daga guba na jini shekaru biyar bayan haka. 

An haife shi a cikin iyalin coci,  ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Marlborough da Kwalejin Keble, Oxford. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi karatu don tsarkakewa a Kwalejin Ripon Cuddesdon kafin curacies a Watlington, Oxfordshire da Downton, Wiltshire . John Mackarness, Bishop na Oxford, ne ya naɗa shi firist a Cocin Cuddesdon Parish a ranar 27 ga Mayu 1888.

Bayan ƙarin shekaru huɗu a matsayin babban curate a Newcastle Cathedral ya tafi Koriya don zama wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar mishan ta USPG .  Shekaru 14 masu zuwa ya kasance bawa mai kwazo ga cocin Koriya mai tasowa. Randall Davidson, Archbishop na Canterbury, ya tsarkake shi a matsayin bishop, a Westminster Abbey a Bikin Juyowa na St Paul (25 Janairu) 1905;  kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mishan "Bishop in Corea" har sai ya mutu a mukamin.  Wani sanannen ɗan wasan crick,  ya mutu "yayinda yake a saman ikonsa"  daga guba ta jini.&nbsp;

## Manazarta
Hudson Williams

**Hudson Williams** (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, 2001) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Kanada, marubuci, kuma darektan. An san shi da rawar da ya taka a matsayin Shane Hollander a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Crave na asali Heated Rivalry (2025-yanzu).

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Williams a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, 2001, a Kamloops, British Columbia, Kanada,  ga mahaifiyar Koriya kuma mahaifin zuriyar Birtaniya da Dutch.  Ya buga wasan Kwando kuma ya yi wasan kwaikwayo na mixed martial arts yana girma. Ya kammala karatu tare da takardar shaidar wasan kwaikwayo daga shirin Fim Arts a Kwalejin Langara a shekarar 2020. Williams yana da rikicewar Rashin kulawa (ADHD). 

## Ayyuka
Williams ta bayyana a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin ciki har da Allegiance da Tracker, kuma ta yi aiki a cikin kuma ta ba da umarni gajerun fina-finai da yawa.

A cikin 2025, an jefa shi a matsayin Shane Hollander a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na soyayya mai suna Heated Rivalry .  Kimiyyarsa tare da abokin aikinsa Connor Storrie ya kasance muhimmiyar mahimmanci a cikin yanke shawara na darektan Jacob Tierney. Williams ya ce damuwar mahaifiyarsa cewa zai sami matsala wajen samun matsayi a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Asiya na Kanada, a wannan yanayin, ba shi da tushe; a maimakon haka, al'adun da ya haɗu sun kasance muhimmiyar fasalin kiran jefawa. Shirye-shiryensa don rawar sun haɗa da aiki na kusa tare da mai kula da kusanci Chala Hunter, wanda ya taimaka wajen tsara abubuwan jima'i na "juyin juya hali" tare da Storrie.

Williams ya sami yabo saboda basirar aikinsa da kuma iyawarsa na isar da tunanin Hollander na ciki. Rachel Reid, marubucin Heated Rivalry, ta yi sharhi cewa Williams ya cika rawar Shane. Ta ce, "abin da mutumin ya yi da fuskarsa ya ba da cikakken labari... Dukkanin yana cikin wasan kwaikwayo; zaku iya ganin duk abin da Shane ke tunani da ji". Slash Film ya bayyana cewa "Hudson Williams da Connor Storrie dukansu suna isar da wasu ayyukan microexpression mafi kyau a halin yanzu a talabijin".  Lokacin da aka tambaye shi game da fuskarsa, ya ce wasu 'yan wasan kwaikwayo sun ba da wahayi don nuna Shane, gami da Rooney Mara da Trevante Rhodes.  Sashin sunadarai tsakanin jagororin biyu ya sami yabo mai yawa,  tare da wani mai bita yana mai sharhi cewa "sun raba sunadarai sosai wanda ya yi hamayya da Bogart & Bacall".

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2025, Williams ya sanya hannu tare da Creative Artists Agency don wakilci.

## Hotunan fina-finai

### Gajeren fina-finai

## Manazarta
Bernt Wahl

**Bernt Rainer Wahl** ɗan kasuwa ne na Amurka .  Wahl ta yi karatun lissafi da kimiyyar lissafi a Jami'ar California, Santa Cruz .  Ya kasance babban jami'in zartarwa na kamfanin Factle .  Wahl bai yi nasara ba a takarar magajin gari na Berkeley, California a cikin 2012 da 2016 . 

## Manazarta
Jama'a ta Jama'a

**Comunes** kungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke da niyyar karfafa jama'a da sauƙaƙe aikin ƙauyuka ta hanyar kayan aikin yanar gizo na software kyauta. A baya an san shi da Ourproject.org, wannan rukuni ya kafa kansa a matsayin ƙungiya ta doka a cikin 2009, yana kafa Comunes. A zamanin yau yana aiki ne a matsayin ƙungiyar laima don ayyukan da yawa da suka shafi Commons.

## Falsafa da Daraja
Manufofin Communes sun haɗa da samar da kariya ta doka  ga ayyukan membobin, tare da ababen more rayuwa na fasaha. Kungiyar ta yi iƙirarin cewa Software a cikin ƙungiyar Jama'a ce ta yi wahayi zuwa gare ta, wanda ke ba da irin wannan kariya ga ayyukan software kyauta. Ayyukan membobin Comunes dole ne su mai da hankali kan karfafa kariya ko fadada Commons. Comunes Manifesto  yana nuna ra'ayi game da ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa a matsayin nodes a cikin hanyar sadarwar jama'a, yana nazarin waɗanne matsalolin da wannan yanayin ke da su  kuma yana ba da shawarar kayan aikin yanar gizo na Comunes don rage su.

## Ayyuka

### Ourproject.org
Ourproject.org  wani wurin adana abun ciki ne na yanar gizo. Yana aiki a matsayin babban dandamali wanda ke ba da sararin yanar gizo da Kayan aiki don ayyukan kowane batu, tare da mai da hankali kan al'adun kyauta da ilimi kyauta. Yana samar da sararin yanar gizo da kayan aiki don ayyukan kowane nau'i, yana mai da hankali kan al'adu da ilimi kyauta. Yana ba da sabis na yanar gizo da yawa kamar karɓar bakuncin, jerin wasiku, wiki, ftp, da kuma forums ga al'ummar kan layi na zamantakewa, al'adu, fasaha, da ayyukan ilimi, muddin suna raba abubuwan da suke ciki a ƙarƙashin Creative Commons ko wasu lasisi na kyauta / kyauta. Yana aiki tun 2002, Ourproject.org yana karbar bakuncin ayyukan 1,200 kuma yana karɓar ziyarar sama da miliyan 1 a kowane wata.

### Kune
Kune  dandamali ne na software don sadarwar zamantakewa da haɗin gwiwa, yana mai da hankali kan ƙungiyoyin aiki maimakon a cikin mutane. Kune yana da niyyar ba da damar ƙirƙirar sararin kan layi na aiki tare, inda kungiyoyi da mutane zasu iya gina ayyukan kan layi, daidaita jadawalin yau da kullun, kafa tarurruka masu kama da juna da shiga kungiyoyi masu irin wannan sha'awa. An tsara shi ta amfani da GWT, a saman yarjejeniyar XMPP da haɗa Wave-In-A-Box. An ba da lasisi a ƙarƙashin AGPL, yana cikin ci gaba tun 2007   kuma ya ƙaddamar da shafin beta da samarwa a watan Afrilun 2012.

### Kawai Jama'a

### Sauran ayyukan
Comunes sun hada da wasu sabbin ayyukan kamar Alerta,  tsarin faɗakarwa na al'umma, Plantaré,  kudin al'umma don musayar iri, da sauransu. 

## Manazarta
Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Walburgisgymnasium

Walburgisgymnasium wata makarantar sakandare ce mai zaman kanta da ke Menden (Sauerland) , Jamus tare da dalibai 1,200 da malamai 78. Umurnin ya dogara ne a Bestwig .

## Tarihi
An kafa shi a matsayin dakin motsa jiki na mata a 1919, kuma ya zama co-educational ta hanyar samun karɓar yara maza na farko a 1975.

## Al'umma

### Malami

* Darakta: Mr. Maria Thoma SMMP

### Iyaye

* Shugaban:

### Abokai

* Shugaban: Reinhold Jacobs (Förderverein) 

## Haɗin waje

* Gidan yanar gizon makarantar (a cikin Jamusanci)
Makarantar Otumoetai

**Makarantar Ōtūmoetai** (wanda aka fi sani da Makarantar Firamare ta Ōtōmoetai) wata makaranta ce a birnin Tauranga, a arewacin New Zealand . An buɗe makarantar a shekara ta 1895,  kuma ita ce ta farko da ta buɗe a yankin. Shugaba na yanzu shine Zara McIndoe (2019-) kuma makarantar tana da dalibai 513 a 2007.

## Manazarta
Tsarin Tsaro na Whittier

**Whittier Conservancy** hadin gwiwa ne na 'yan ƙasa a birnin Whittier, California . An kafa shi ne bayan Girgizar ƙasa ta Whittier Narrows ta 1 ga Oktoba, 1987, wanda ya haifar da lalacewar gine-ginen tarihi da yawa a Whittier, gami da Ginin Lindley, ɗaya daga cikin "Brick huɗu" na Whittier, da kuma gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Whittier. A shekara ta 1989, Conservancy ta taimaka wa City don sake gina unguwanni masu zaman kansu a arewacin Hadley Street don kare wannan muhimmin yanki daga gine-ginen gidaje marasa kulawa. Conservancy ta jagoranci adana tarihin Whittier Depot da McGee House. Kodayake da farko kungiya ce ta adana tarihi, Conservancy tana da sha'awar adana sararin samaniya, kuma tana da hannu a ci gaba da motsi don adana Whittier Hills a matsayin wani ɓangare na Puente-Chino Hills Wildlife Corridor  

## Shari'ar Cal-Domestic
A ranar 23 ga Mayu, 2007, Conservancy ta shigar da kara a kan Birnin Whittier. Wannan ya kasance ne don mayar da martani ga Majalisar Birnin Whittier da ta soke Hukumar Kula da Harkokin Tarihi ta hanyar kuri'a 3-2 da kuma amincewa da rushe gine-gine uku a kan mallakar Ruwa na Cikin Gida na California, a fadin titin daga Whitwood Mall, kafin a gabatar da rahoton tasirin muhalli. Shari'ar Cal-Domestic ta kasance babban abin da ya faru a siyasar Whittier ta baya-bayan nan, yayin da ya haifar da kirkirar Coalition for a Better Whittier, kwamitin aikin siyasa da aka kafa don tallafawa birnin a cikin karar (ta haka ne ya magance tasirin Conservancy) da kuma turawa don ci gaba da amfani da haɗin kai a Birnin Whittier.

## Manazarta
The 19th Wife (fim)

***The 19th Wife*** fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin na Amurka na 2010 wanda Rod Holcomb ya jagoranta kuma Richard Friedenberg ya rubuta, bisa ga littafin David Ebershoff na 2008 mai suna. An watsa shi a kan Lifetime a ranar 13 ga Satumba, 2010.

## Bayanin Shirin
A cikin Kudancin Utah Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, an zargi BeckyLyn (Wettig) da kashe mijinta mai auren mata da yawa. Wata matarsa, Queenie (Leigh) ta gamsu da rashin laifi na abokinta kuma tare da ɗan BeckyLyn, Jordan (Czuchry) suna aiki don share sunan mahaifiyarsa.

## Yan Wasan Shirin

* Chyler Leigh a matsayin Queenie
* Matt Czuchry a matsayin Jordan
* Patricia Wettig a matsayin BeckyLyn
* Jeff Hephner a matsayin Hiram
* John Bourgeois a matsayin Brigham Young

## Karɓuwa
*Jaridar Huffington Post* ta yaba da "mai ban sha'awa" don kawo "rayuwa da gaskatawa ga wannan labarin mai ban sha'awar kisan kai da bangaskiya". Binciken ya ci gaba da cewa: "Yana da ban sha'awa a kalli daga farko zuwa ƙarshe ba kawai saboda "whodunit" ba har ma da tasirin addini. Bugu da ƙari, simintin ya kai ga sautin da ya dace na ƙarfi da kyawawan dabi'u. "

Monsters and Critics sun bayyana shi a matsayin "mai ban sha'awa" wanda ke da "motsawa" da "tunanin tunani".

Ebsershoff, marubucin littafin na asali, bai gamsu da fim din ba game da manyan canje-canje da masu samarwa suka yi. Mafi mahimmanci daga cikin waɗannan shine cire luwaɗi na Jordan, kamar yadda aka gabatar a cikin littafin, kuma ya gabatar da shi a matsayin halin jima'i.

 Ebsershoff ya bayyana rashin amincewarsa a cikin wata hira:Ba ni da wani rawar da na taka a cikin daidaitawa. Bayan 'yan makonni kafin fara yin fim na koyi cewa an sake rubuta Jordan a matsayin madaidaiciya. An gaya mini cewa wannan yanke shawara ce ta hanyar sadarwa. A bayyane yake na yi fushi, na yi takaici, kuma na yi mamaki. Ina fatan fim din zai aika mutane zuwa littafin don su iya saduwa da Jordan na, tare da saurayinsa, Tom, da karnukansu, Elektra da Joey.

## Duba kuma

* *Yarinyar Danish (fim) *

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* 
* Shafin yanar gizon hukuma
Beauty (fim na 2022)

***Beauty*** fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka na 2022 wanda Andrew Dosunmu ya jagoranta daga rubutun Lena Waithe . An fara shi ne a bikin fina-finai na Tribeca na 2022  kuma an sake shi a Netflix a ranar 29 ga Yuni, 2022. Tauraruwar ita ce Gracie Marie Bradley, Niecy Nash, Giancarlo Esposito, Sharon Stone, Andre Ozim, Micheal Ward, da Kyle Bary.

## Bayani game da shi
Wata matashiya mawaƙa a kan iyakar tauraruwa ta ƙuduri aniyar riƙe asalinta a cikin karuwar shahararta da kuma gidan zalunci na iyayenta na addini.

## Yan Wasan Fim

* Gracie Marie Bradley a matsayin kyakkyawa
* Niecy Nash a matsayin Uwar Kyau
* Aleyse Shannon a matsayin Jasmine
* Giancarlo Esposito a matsayin Uba na Kyau
* Kyle Bary a matsayin Habila
* Micheal Ward a matsayin Kayinu
* Sharon Stone a matsayin mai mulkin mallaka
* Andre Ozim a matsayin mai wa'azi

## Karɓuwa
A kan mai tarawa na Rotten Tomatoes, Beauty yana da amincewar kashi 22% bisa ga sake dubawa 18, tare da matsakaicin matsayi na 5.10/10. Metacritic, wanda ke amfani da , ya ba fim din maki 42 daga 100, bisa ga masu sukar 7, wanda ke nuna sake dubawa "haɗe ko matsakaici".

Lovia Gyarkye na The Hollywood Reporter ya yaba da jagorancin Dosunmu don isar da "*Kyakkyawan*, masu gamsarwa" waɗanda suke "mai ban sha'awa da nutsuwa" a cikin vibes ɗin amma sun soki labarin da ya dace da kai tsaye da haruffa suna kasancewa "zane-zane" tare da tattaunawar "da za a iya hangowa da kuma ba da maɓallin" na Houston wanda ya cancanci zama mai ban sha'a sosai, yana da ita sosai, kamar yadda mahaifiyarta mai ban sha-Matsayi mai suna ba da ita ba da kullun ba da za a iya yin amfani da ita ga kowane labari mai suna ba don kawowa / / / / Houston mai suna suna suna suna ba da ma 'yanci / / / .

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

*
Mark J. Kadish

**Mark J. Kadish** alƙali ne na Amurka, farfesa, lauya, marubuci, kuma mai sharhi kan shari'a. Ya sami digiri na shari'a daga Jami'ar New York a shekarar 1967.

## Ayyuka
Kadish tare ya buga Volume I na Criminal Law Advocacy, ya rubuta labarai da yawa don mujallu masu sana'a kuma ya ba da lacca a cikin ƙasa. Ya kasance farfesa a fannin shari'a a Jami'ar Emory da Jami'ar Jihar Georgia. Kadish ya kasance memba ne na Kwalejin Gudanar da Shari'a ta Kasa] kuma ya kasance Darakta na Kwaleji na Atlanta Bar Association College of Trial Advocacy da kuma Shugaban Sashen Tsaro na Laifuka na Ƙungiyar Lauyoyin Shari'a na Amurka.

Ayyukan jama'a na Kadish sun haɗa da sake dubawa game da tsarin kotun birnin Atlanta bayan nadin da Magajin garin Atlanta ya yi. Ya koyar a Jami'ar Mercer . Ya kasance mai magana a taron shari'a daban-daban. Ya kasance alƙali na ɗan lokaci a Kotun Koli ta Atlanta kuma a halin yanzu alƙali ne na ɗan lokaci na kotun jihar na Fulton County. Yana koyar da shirye-shiryen ilimi ga alƙalai na majistare, kuma mai sharhi ne a shirye-shirye daban-daban na talabijin da rediyo.

### Shari'ar kisan kiyashi ta Lai
Kadish ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara a cikin shari'ar kisan kiyashi ta My Lai wanda ya sami kulawa a duk duniya saboda an kashe daruruwan fararen hula na Vietnam da ba a kare su ba, har ma da cin zarafin jima'i, azabtarwa, duka, da kuma yanka su. Kisan kiyashi na 16 ga Maris, 1968 na My Lai wani muhimmin abu ne wanda ya fusata mutane da yawa a duniya. Tattaunawar Kadish game da babban shaida ya jagoranci lauya F. Lee Bailey zuwa babban canji a cikin shari'ar. Shaidu sun bayyana suna da rikici tsakanin tallafawa kokarin yaki na kasarsu da daidaita bukatun jin kai. Wasu sun ki bayar da shaida yayin da wasu suka bayyana cewa za su yi rantsuwa da kansu a cikin ƙoƙari na neman nasu adalci a cikin shari'ar.[1] Tallace-tallace na kisan kiyashi na My Lai shine babban dalilin da ya sa aka rage goyon bayan Yaƙin Vietnam a Amurka da kuma duniya baki daya. Mutanen uku da suka ki amincewa da kisan kiyashi na My Lai an yi musu barazana kuma an kunyata su a bainar jama'a. Shekaru talatin bayan haka, an girmama mutanen saboda kokarin da suka yi.

### Sauran sanannun shari'o'i
Kadish ya kuma wakilci Sydney Ashkenazie wanda ya yi zargin ya sami zanen, wanda aka ba da kyautar Rembrandt, wanda Nazis suka sace a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. Ashkenazie ya yi fatan zanen zai kasance da darajar dala miliyan 200. Ashkenazie ya bayyana cewa Kadish ne ya kawo lauya F. Lee Bailey cikin shari'ar. Kadish ya kasance mai sharhi akai-akai game da irin waɗannan manyan laifuka masu laifi kamar shari'ar kisan gillar O. J. Simpson da kuma shari'ar aikata laifuka ta Atlanta Gold Club.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Aurat Ka Pyar

***Aurat Ka Pyar*** (fassara "Ƙaunar Mace") fim ne na Indiya na 1933 wanda A. R. Kardar ya jagoranta. Kamfanin Fim na Gabashin Indiya ne ya samar da fim din, a Calcutta. Kardar ya ƙaura daga Lahore zuwa Calcutta inda ya ba da umarnin fina-finai da yawa ga kamfanin daga 1933-36, gami da *Aurat Ka Pyar* .  Mawallafin kiɗa shine Mushtaq Ahmed kuma kalmomin Agha Hashar Kashmiri ne, wanda kuma ya rubuta fim din. Ya fito da Gul Hamid, Mukhtar Begum, Mazhar Khan, Anwari Bai, Bacha, Abdul Sattar da Athar . 

Fim din ya kasance nasarar kasuwanci a ofishin akwatin kuma ya ayyana Kardar a matsayin "mai yin fim mai basira".

## Masu ba da labari

* Gul Hamid
* Mukhtar Begum
* Anwari Bai
* Bacha
* Rashin jin daɗi
* Mazhar Khan
* A. R. Pahelwan

## Sauti
Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun waƙoƙi daga wannan fim ɗin shine na gargajiya, "Chori Kahin Khule Na Naseem-e-Bahar Ki", wanda sanannen mawaƙi da kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Mukhtar Begum ya raira a Raga Darbari . Daraktan kiɗa shi ne Mushtaq Ahmed kuma mawaki shi ne Agha Hashar Kashmiri . 

### Jerin Waƙoƙi

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Safdar Jung (fim)

***Safdar Jung*** fim ne mai ban sha'awa na kayan ado na 1930 wanda A. R. Kardar ya jagoranta. Fim din shine na uku da Kardar's United Players Pictures (Playart Phototone) ya samar, bayan *Husn Ka Daku* (1929) da *Sarfarosh* (1930). 

Kardar ta gabatar da 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Mumtaz Begum a matsayin jarumi a cikin fim din. Wadanda aka jefa sun hada da Gulzar, Mumtaz, da Hiralal . Daraktan daukar hoto shine K. V. Machve . 

Ga ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Gul Hamid, Safdar Jung shine na farko daga cikin fina-finai bakwai da ya yi aiki a ciki. Wani jami'in 'yan sanda a cikin' yan sanda na Burtaniya ta hanyar sana'a, Kardar ya zaba shi a matsayin jagora saboda Hamid ta "mafi girman mutum".

Like the rest of the films produced earlier, *Safdar Jung* was also released at The Deepak cinema in Bhati Gate area of Lahore.&#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Masu ba da labari

* Gul Hamid
* Mumtaz Begum
* Gulzar
* Hiralal

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje

* Safdar JungaIMDb
Harin Baakline

A ranar 21 ga Afrilu 2020 a Baakline, Gundumar Chouf, Gwamnatin Dutsen Lebanon, Lebanon, an kashe mutane tara. Mazen Harfoush shine wanda ake zargi. Matarsa tana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda aka kashe.

An fara kisan ne da karfe 3:30 na yamma, lokacin da aka yi amfani da wuka don kashe matar Harfoush; sannan aka harbe wasu mutane takwas. Sun hada da ɗan'uwan Harfoush, Fawzi Harfoush , wanda a baya ake zargi da kasancewa mai haɗin gwiwa.[1] Shida daga cikin wadanda abin ya shafa sun kasance 'yan Siriya ne sauran uku 'yan Lebanon.[2] Sojoji da 'yan sanda na gari sun yi aiki tare a cikin binciken, suna kafa iyakar kilomita 20 a kusa da ƙauyen Baakline.[3] An kama Harfoush da yamma.[1] Ana zargin harin kisan gilla ne.[1]￼

## Manazarta
Mumtaz Begum

**Mumtaz Begum** (7 ga Afrilu 1923 - 9 ga Maris 2002) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Indiya wacce ta fito a fina-finai na Hindi da Punjabi . 

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Begum a Bombay, Shugabancin Bombay, Indiya ta Burtaniya a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1923. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo da ke taka rawar uwaye da kakanninmu a fina-finai kamar Barsaat Ki Raat (1960), Chaudhvin Ka Chand (1960) da Mere Mehboob (1963).

## Rayuwa da mutuwarsa
Begum ita ce kawun 'yar wasan Bollywood Nazneen .  Ta mutu a Mumbai a ranar 9 ga Maris 2002, tana da shekaru 78.

## Fina-finai

**[[Dahej (film)|Dahej]]* (1950)
**[[Deewana (1952 film)|Deewana]]* (1952)
**[[Jagriti]]* (1954)
**[[Yasmin (1955 film)|Yasmin]]* (1955)
**[[Jhanak Jhanak Payal Baaje]]* (1955)
**[[New Delhi (1956 film)|New Delhi]]* (1956)
**[[Lajwanti]]* (1958)
**[[Kala Pani (1958 film)|Kala Pani]]* (1958)
**[[Chirag Kahan Roshni Kahan]]* (1959)
**Chambe Di Kali* (1960) Punjabi film
**[[Kala Bazar]]* (1960)
**[[Ek Phool Char Kaante]]* (1960)
**[[Barsaat Ki Raat|Barsat Ki Rat]]* (1960)
**[[Parakh (1960 film)|Parakh]]* (1960)
**[[Chaudhvin Ka Chand]]* (1960)
**[[Opera House (1961 film)|Opera House]]* (1961)
**[[Aas Ka Panchhi]]* (1961)
**[[Dr. Vidya]]* (1962)
**[[Dil Tera Diwana (1962 film)|Dil Tera Deewana]]* (1962)
**[[Anpadh]]* (1962)
**[[Mere Mehboob]]* (1963)
**[[Dil Hi To Hai (1963 film)|Dil Hi To Hai]]* (1963)
**[[Ayee Milan Ki Bela]]* (1964)
**[[Aap Ki Parchhaiyan]]* (1964)
**[[Sunghursh]]* (1968)
**[[Neel Kamal (1968 film)|Neel Kamal]]* (1968)
**[[Nanak Dukhiya Sub Sansar]]* (1970) Punjabi film 
**[[Mehboob Ki Mehndi]]* (1971)
**[[Gambler (film)|Gambler]]* (1971)
**[[Aap Aye Bahaar Ayee]]* (1971)
**[[Kankan De Ohle]]* (1971)
*  Tere Mere Sapne (1971)
**[[Apna Desh]]* (1972)
**[[Dil Diwana]]* (1974)
**[[Apradhi (1974 film)|Apradhi]]* (1974)
**[[Rafoo Chakkar]]* (1975)
**Yamla Jatt* (1976) Punjabi movie 
**[[Laila Majnu (1976 film)|Laila Majnu]]* (1976)
**Taakra* (1976) Punjabi film
**[[Santo Banto]]* (1976) Punjabi film 
**[[Aadmi Sadak Ka]]* (1977)
**[[Bhola Bhala]]* (1978)
**[[Aakhri Kasam]]* (1979)
**[[Aatish (film)|Aatish]]* (1979)
**[[Jwalamukhi (1980 film)|Jwalamukhi]]* (1980)
**[[Amrit (1986 film)|Amrit]]* (1986)

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje

*
Kisan Mia Valentin

A ranar 27 ga Disamba 2017, an kashe **Mia Valentin** mai shekaru 15 a Kandel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Jamus. Mai aikata laifin shine tsohon saurayin Valentin, Abdul Dawodzai, Mai neman mafaka na Afghanistan, wanda aka hana shi matsayin 'yan gudun hijira. 

A watan Satumbar 2018, kotun Landau ta same Dawodzai da laifin kisan kai kuma ta ba shi hukuncin shekaru takwas da watanni shida a kurkuku. Ya mutu ta hanyar kashe kansa a JVA Schifferstadt a watan Oktoba 2019. 

An bayar da rahoton lamarin a cikin manema labarai na kasa da na duniya kuma ya haifar da muhawara ta siyasa game da Manufofin 'yan gudun hijira na Jamus, musamman yadda za a magance' 'Yan gudun hijira marasa matasan.

## Tarihi
Valentin da Dawodzai abokan aji ne kuma suna da dangantaka na watanni da yawa. A farkon watan Disamba na shekara ta 2017, bayan da ta kawo karshen dangantakar, an yi zargin ya fara barazanar Valentin. Ita da iyayenta sun shigar da kara ga 'yan sanda a ranar 15 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2017, suna zargin cewa Dawodzai ya ɓata suna kuma ya yi barazanar' yaransu.

A safiyar ranar 27 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2017, jami'an 'yan sanda sun ziyarci mai aikata laifin. Dawodzai ya sayi wuka a wannan shagon kafin ya kai mata hari.

## Abin da ya faru
Da yammacin 27 ga Disamba 2017, Dawodzai ya kashe Valentin yayin da yake bincika kantin magani. Dawodzai ya bi Valentin a ciki kuma ya soke ta sau bakwai ta amfani da wuka na 20 cm. Ta mutu jim kadan bayan haka a asibiti.

## Mai aikata laifin
Wanda ya aikata laifin shine Abdul Mobin Dawodzai (Pashto: عبدالمبين داودزیcode: pus promoted to code: ps ),[undefined] wanda ya zo Jamus daga Afghanistan a watan Afrilun 2016. Ya yi rijista a matsayin ƙaramin yaro wanda ba shi da rakiya kuma da farko ya zauna a Frankfurt, daga baya a cibiyar matasa 'yan gudun hijira a Germersheim. An ƙi amincewa da buƙatar neman mafakarsa a watan Fabrairun 2017, amma ba a kore shi ba saboda an sanya shi a matsayin ƙaramin yaro.[1] Iyayen Valentin sun riga sun bayyana zargin cewa Dawodzai ya girmi shekara 15. 'Yan sanda sun san wanda ya aikata laifin da ya yi mummunan rauni a jiki da aka aikata a makaranta.[2][3][4]￼￼￼￼

## Shari'a
An tuhumi wanda ake zargi da kisan kai,  kuma an yi masa gwajin likita don mayar da martani ga zargin cewa ya ɓata shekarunsa.  An gudanar da kimantawar shekaru ta hanyar kimanta X-rays na hannu, clavicle da hakora na wanda ake zargi. Lauyan jihar ne ya gabatar da binciken a watan Fabrairun 2018. Wadannan binciken sun kammala cewa wanda ake zargi yana da akalla shekaru 17 da watanni shida, amma mai yiwuwa kusan 20. Kamar yadda likitoci suka tabbatar da cewa tabbas bai kai shekara 21 ba a lokacin laifin, an yi masa shari'a a karkashin tsarin kotun yara na Jamus.

Lauyan Dawodzai ya musanta cewa ya wuce shekara 20. Masu gabatar da kara sun yi kira ga hukuncin shekaru 10 yayin da lauyan kare ya nemi hukuncin shekaru 7.5. 

## Shari'a da hukunci
Kwalejin Harsunan Afirka

**Kwalejin Harsunan Afirka** ( **ACALAN** ; French   ; Portuguese   ko  ) ƙungiya ce ta Pan-African da aka kafa a shekarar 2001 ta hannun shugaban ƙasar Mali na wancan lokacin Alpha Oumar Konaré don haɓaka harsunan Afirka. An fara kafa ta a matsayin Ofishin Jakadancin Kwalejin Harsunan Afirka (MACALAN). Shugaban farko na ACALAN shine tsohon ministan Ilimi na asali na Mali Adama Samassekou . A shekara ta 2006, ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta ayyana shekarar Harsunan Afirka tare da kafa Kwalejin Harsunan Afirka a hukumance, a ranar 21 ga Yuni, aka ƙaddamar da Kwamitin Gudanarwa na wucin gadi na ACALAN a Addis Ababa, Habasha . 

Tun lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri ACALAN ta shiga cikin ayyuka da dama a faɗin Afirka, tun daga haɓaka taswirar harsunan Afirka zuwa Haɗakarwa da daidaita tsarin rubutu na Harsunan Hawa kamar Fulfulde, Hausa, da Mandenkan . [1]

Daga Disamba 2009 har zuwa Agusta 2015, Farfesa Sozinho Francisco Matsinhe na Mozambique ya jagoranci ACALAN.  Dr. Lang Fafa Dampha ya gaje shi a matsayin aiki sannan tun daga Janairu 2019 tare da cikakken lakabi. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Ƙungiya
An raba ACALAN zuwa manyan sassa biyar a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa, su ne: 

# Taron Ministocin Al'adu na AU - babban kwamitin gudanarwa
# Hukumar Gudanarwa - babbar hukumar manufofi
# Kwamitin Kimiyya da Fasaha - ƙungiyar ba da shawara
# Majalisar Malaman Ilimi - sashen ba da shawara
# Sakatariyar Zartarwa - hukumar gudanarwa.

ACALAN kuma tana da Tsarin Harsunan Ƙasa (NLS) da ke ƙasa a kowace ƙasa a cikin ƙasashe membobin tare da Hukumar Harsunan Hawa ta Ƙasashen Waje don kowace harshe da aka nufa. 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin Haƙƙoƙin Harsuna a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki (Afirka)
* Haƙƙoƙin harshe
* Masu Kula da Harshe

## Manazarta
Harsunan Bullom

**Harsunan Bullom** ƙaramin rukuni ne na harsunan Mel da ake magana a Sierra Leone, ciki har da bakin tekun Bullom . [1] A tarihi, ana kiransu da harshe ɗaya ko yare ɗaya, wanda aka raba zuwa Southern Bullom (Krim da Sherbro [2] ) da Northern Bullom (Bullom So [3] ). [1] Harsunan sune: [4]

: Bom ( Krim ), Bullom So (mmani), Sherbro .

Suna da alaƙa ta kud da kud da Kissi .

## Manazarta
Shawi Larabci

Larabci na **Shawi** ko **Šāwi shine** harshen Larabci na makiyayan kiwo na Syro-Mesopotamia.  &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</span></sup> Kalmar ''Šāwi'' yawanci tana nufin ƙabilun da ke zaune tsakanin [[Kogin Tigris|Tigris]] da Euphrates, amma ana samun kabilu da yawa a wasu wurare, kamar arewacin [[Jodan|Jordan]], [[Falasdinu|Falasɗinu]], yammacin [[Siriya]], da [[Lebanon]] .  <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D; Yaren Larabawan Urfa shi ma na cikin ƙungiyar Šāwi-Bedouin ne. 

## Rarrabawa
Cantineau (1936) shine farkon rarrabuwa tsakanin yaren masu kiwon tumaki na arewacin Arabiya. Shi ne farkon wanda ya ƙirƙiro kalmomin 'petit-nomades' (masu kiwon tumaki) da 'grand-nomades' (masu kiwon raƙuma). Yaren Shawi galibi yana wakiltar nau'in 'petit-nomades'.

Alamar yaren Shawi ita ce yadda ake amfani da Tsohon Larabci *k da *g (&#x5B; **' &#x5D;</span></sup> An raba wannan fasalin da yarukan Larabci na Gulf .

== Tarihi ==
Kabilun Shawi su ne farkon waɗanda aka sani da ƙaura daga arewacin Arabiya zuwa Bedouin. Al'adun gida da wasu nazarce-nazarce sun nuna cewa sun iso ne tun ƙarni ɗaya da ya wuce, kodayake ƙaura ta tsufa ta kasance ga wasu kabilu.  <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

## Ilimin sautuka

### Baƙaƙe

### Wasula

## Manazarta
Lemzo Diamono

**Lemzo Diamono** ƙungiyar mawaƙa ce ta ƙasar Senegal, wacce aka fi sani da ita a shekarun 1990. [1] Ƙungiyar ta fi yin aiki daga 1990 zuwa 1998.

## Membobin rukuni

; Membobin da suka gabata

* Lamine Faye
* Alioune Mbaye Nder
* Salam Diallo
* Mada Ba
* Fallou Dieng
* Amath Samb
* Amy Mbengue
* Alié Diagne
* Moustapha Faye
* Pape Diouf
* Moussa Traoré
* Sanou Diouf
* Faɗuwar Moustapha
* Ma Anta Faye
* Abdoulaye Diallo
* Khadim Ndiaye
* Thierno Kouyaté
* Mamadou Lamine Maiga
* Sheikh Ba

## Kundin Waƙoƙi
Ga jerin kundin waƙoƙin Lemzo Diamono 

### Kundin waƙoƙin studio

* 1992: Vol.1: Jom (kaset; Talla Diagne)
* 1992: Juzu'i na 2: Setsima (kaset; Saprom)
* 1993: Vol.3: Xarnu Bi (kaset; Adama Sene)
* 1994: Masla-Bi (1ere Partie) (kaset; Talla Diagne)
* 1994: Akara (kaset; Talla Diagne)
* 1995: Hors Serie: Simb (kaset; Talla Diagne)
* 1996: Vol.5 (kaset; Talla Diagne)
* 1997: Marimbalax (CD; Stern's, STCD 1076)
* 1998: Co Co Rico (Kaset; babu lakabi)

### Kundin waƙoƙi kai tsaye

* 1997: En Live Diapason vol 1 (kaset; KSF)
* 1997: En Live Diapason vol 2 (kaset; KSF)

## Manazarta
Nj (digraph)

ǋ ( siffar taken ; nau'in manyan baƙaƙe Ǌ, ƙaramin harafi ǌ ) harafi ne da ke akwai a cikin harsunan Slavic na Kudu kamar sigar haruffan Latin na Serbo-Croatian da kuma a cikin harshen Macedonian na Roma . Haka kuma ana amfani da shi a cikin haruffan Albanian . [1] A cikin duk waɗannan harsunan, yana wakiltar hancin palatal /ɲ/, kamar yadda ake furta ⟨gn⟩ a cikin Dom Péri gn on. Misali, kalmar Serbo-Croatian konj ana furta ta /koɲ/ .

A cikin harshen Serbo-Croatian, ana ɗaukar digraph ɗin a matsayin harafi ɗaya, saboda haka yana da nasa matsayi a cikin haruffa (a matsayin harafi na 20, bayan N), yana ɗaukar sarari ɗaya kawai a cikin wasanin gwada kalmomi, kuma an rubuta shi a layi a cikin rubutu a tsaye. Duk da haka, ba shi da nasa maɓalli a cikin maɓallan kwamfuta na yau da kullun domin kusan ba a taɓa wakilta shi da harafi ɗaya ba.

Sauran haruffa da digraphs na haruffan Latin da aka yi amfani da su wajen rubuta wannan sautin sune *ń* (a cikin Yaren mutanen Poland ), *ň* (a cikin Czech da Slovak ), *ñ* (a cikin Sifaniyanci ), *nh* (a cikin Fotigal da Occitan ), *gn* (a cikin Faransanci da Italiyanci ), *ņ* (a cikin Latvian da Livonian ), da *ny* (a cikin Hungarian, Catalan, da kuma tsakanin harsunan Afirka da yawa). Haruffan Cyrillic kuma ya haɗa da takamaiman alama, wanda aka gina shi ta hanyar kama da **nj** : Њ .

A cikin Faroese, gabaɗaya yana wakiltar , kodayake a wasu kalmomi yana wakiltar , kamar a *banjo* .

Ljudevit Gaj ya fara amfani da wannan digraph a shekarar 1830.

Ana amfani da shi a wasu harsunan Afirka da Oceania inda yake wakiltar wani rubutu mai suna postalveolar affricate ko fricative,  ko  A cikin harshen Malagasy, yana wakiltar  .

An saka lambar digraph Nj a cikin Unicode a maki 3 na lambobi.

* U+01CA Ǌ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER NJ
* U+01CB ǋ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH SMALL LETTER J
* U+01CC ǌ LATIN SMALL LETTER NJ

## Duba kuma

* Њ, sigar Cyrillic ta Nj
* Haruffan Latin na Gaj

## Nassoshi
Harsunan Furu

**Harsunan Furu** rukuni ne da aka gabatar na harsunan Kudancin Bantoid da suka mutu ko kuma kusan sun ɓace kuma waɗanda ba a rarraba su ba a cikin tsarinsu . Harsunan Furu da aka ba da shawarar sune:

: Bikya (Furu), Bishuo, Busuu, ?Lubu

Michel Dieu ne ya tattara jerin kalmomi na harsuna uku na farko, amma bayan mutuwarsa da alama sun ɓace. An buga lissafin kalmominsa a Breton (1993, 1995). Roland Kiessling ya sake duba yankin da ke nesa a shekara ta 2007, kuma ya sami damar nuna cewa harsunan Bantoid ne na yau da kullun; wataƙila Beboid ne (Blench 2011). Lubu ba a tabbatar da shi ba, kawai ana tunawa da shi a matsayin harshen kakanni na dattawan ƙauyen.

## Littattafan tarihi

* Breton, Roland (1995) 'Les Furu et leur voisins', *Cahier Sciences Humaines*, 31, 1, 17 &#x2013; 48.
* Breton, Roland (1993) 'Akwai Ƙungiyar Harshen Furu? Bincike kan Iyakar Kamaru da Najeriya', *Mujallar Harsunan Yammacin Afirka*, 23, 2, 97 &#x2013; 98.
* Blench, Roger, 2011. 'Membobi da tsarin cikin gida na Bantoid da kuma kan iyaka da Bantu'  . *Bantu IV*, Jami'ar Humboldt, Berlin.
Shirvani Larabci

**Shirvani Larabci** ( Arabic     ) ya kasance nau'in Larabci iri-iri wanda a da ake magana da shi a yankin da yanzu yake tsakiya da arewa maso gabashin Azerbaijan (wanda a tarihi ake kira Shirvan ) da kuma kudancin Dagestan .

## Tarihi
An yi amfani da Larabci a yankin tun lokacin da Musulmai suka mamaye Kudancin Caucasus a farkon karni na takwas. Mazauna Larabawa ne suka kawo shi can, waɗanda suka haɗa da ma'aikatan soja, 'yan kasuwa da masu sana'a daga Iraki da Siriya, kuma ana amfani da shi azaman harshen hukuma. Ya fuskanci raguwa bayan raunin Khalifanci a ƙarni na 13 kuma a hankali aka maye gurbinsa da Farisa / Tat da Azerbaijan . Ƙungiyoyin Larabawa (galibi daga Yemen ) sun ci gaba da ƙaura zuwa kudancin Dagestan suna tasiri ga al'adu da al'adun adabi na al'ummar yankin waɗanda suka riga suka zama Musulmai ta hanyar tuba . [1]

An danganta sabbin bayanai game da wanzuwar Shirvani Larabci ga masanin tarihi na Azerbaijan Abbasgulu Bakikhanov wanda ya ambata a cikin littafinsa na tarihi *na Golestan-i Iram* na 1840 cewa "har zuwa yau wani rukuni na Larabawan Shirvan suna magana da wani sigar Larabci da aka canza." An ci gaba da yin magana da Larabci a Dagestan har zuwa shekarun 1920, galibi ta hanyar manyan masu fada a ji a matsayin harshe na biyu ko na uku, da kuma harshen adabi, siyasa da sadarwa ta rubutu. 

## Duba kuma

* Larabawa a Caucasus
* Khuzestani Larabci
* Larabcin Asiya ta Tsakiya

## Manazarta
Shihhi Larabci

**Shihhi Larabci** ( Arabic , wanda kuma aka sani da Shehhi, Khasabi, Musandam Arabic, ko Ruʾus Al Jibal Arabic) yare ne na Larabci wanda galibi ake amfani da shi a Gundumar Musandam ta Oman da masarautar Ras Al Khaimah ta Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa . An yi hasashen cewa Larabcin Shihhi yana da manyan ƙungiyoyi biyu na yare, waɗanda aka sani da "cikin ƙasa" da "bakin teku". [1] Kabilun Shihuh, Habus, Al Dhuhoori da Al Shemaili sun saba amfani da yaren.

## Ilimin sautuka

### Baƙaƙe

* Sauti / ɡ, ʕ, tʃ / ana jin su ne kawai a cikin kalmomi masu lamuni.
* / ħ / ana iya jinsa a matsayin muryar glottal [ ɦ ] lokacin da aka yi amfani da harafin da aka yi amfani da shi a baya.
* Retroflex / ɻ / na iya samun allophones guda huɗu daban-daban; a matsayin flap [ ɽ ] lokacin da yake cikin matsayi na intervocal, a matsayin alveolar [ ɹ ] lokacin da yake gaban wasali na gaba, ko kuma azaman alveolar tap ko trill [ ɾ, r ] lokacin da yake cikin matsayi na kalmomi-tsakiya bayan baƙaƙe. 
* A wasu yaruka, *ġ an maye gurbinsa da wani pharyngealized glottal stop [ ʔˤ ]. 

### Wasula

* Sauti masu gajarta / i, u / idan a cikin matsayi mara matsi ana jin su a matsayin tsakiyar tsakiya [ ə ]. 

## Duba kuma

* Iri-iri na Larabci
* Larabcin Gulf

## Manazarta
Kisan Somaiya Begum

**kisan Somaiya Begum** ya faru ne a watan Yunin 2022 a Bradford, Ingila. Somaiya, dalibi mai shekaru 20 na kimiyyar kiwon lafiya a Jami'ar Leeds Beckett, an ruwaito ta bace a ranar 25 ga Yuni 2022, kuma daga baya aka gano gawar ta a kusa da titin Fitzwilliam a Bradford .  'Yan sanda na Yammacin Yorkshire sun bincika, wanda ya haifar da kama kawunta, Mohammed Taroos Khan, wanda aka yanke masa hukuncin kisa. A cikin 2023, an yanke wa Khan hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai tare da mafi ƙarancin shekaru 25 a Kotun Bradford Crown,  bayan shari'ar da ta haɗa da shaidu da suka shafi rikice-rikicen iyali.

## Tarihi
Somaiya ta zauna a titin Binnie a Bradford tare da kakarta da kawunta bayan da ba ta zauna tare da iyalinta ba saboda rashin jituwa da shari'a.[1] A cikin 2019, tana da shekaru 16, an sanya ta a ƙarƙashin Dokar Tsaro ta Aure (FMPO) biyo bayan yunkurin mahaifinta na shirya aurenta a Pakistan.[2] Umurnin ya hana a fitar da ita daga kasar ko tilasta mata yin aure. Iyalinta masu tsawo suna da tarihin rikice-rikice da suka shafi tsammanin al'adu, ikon cin gashin kai, da batutuwan kudi.[3] Wadannan rikice-rikice sun kasance ba a warware su ba har zuwa mutuwarta a watan Yunin 2022.[4]

## Kisan kai
A cewar likitan likitancin gida Kirsten Hope, wani dalilin mutuwar wanda ba a iya tantance shi ba saboda ci gaban lalacewar jikinta, musamman na kanta da wuyanta, a lokacin da aka gano shi. An sami spike mai tsayi  in) a bayan Somaiya, kuma ya shig huhu. An lulluɓe jikinta a cikin kafet sannan aka zubar da shi a cikin "ƙasa" (wurin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba) kuma an binne shi a cikin shara.

## Dubi kuma

* Rikicin cikin gida a Ƙasar Ingila
* Aure na tilasta
* Kashewa da girmamawa

## Manazarta
Tsaro da Asirin

***Tsaro da Asirin: Ta'addanci na Palasdinawa da Kisan Uba na 'Yarsa ta Amurka*** littafi ne na 1995 wanda ba na almara ba game da kisan Palestina Isa a 1989 a St. Louis, Missouri, wanda Ellen Harris ta rubuta.

## Tarihi
Harris, wanda aka haife shi a cikin iyali mai tarihi a St. Louis, ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Clayton a matsayin wani ɓangare na aji na 1964. Daga baya, ta halarci Jami'ar George Washington a cikin shirin fasaha da Jami'ar Washington a St. Louis a cikin shirin tarihin fasaha.[1] Ta taba aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto ga cibiyoyin talabijin.[2] A lokacin bugawa Harris yana zaune a Clayton, Missouri . [1]

Ta yi amfani da hukumomin tilasta bin doka, lauyoyi, alƙalai, da rikodin bidiyo na wanda ya aikata kisan, Zein Isa, da mataimakansa a matsayin tushe. Harris ta haɓaka dangantaka da jami'an tilasta bin doka, wanda ta ce ta taimaka mata wajen rubuta littattafai game da aikata laifuka.

## Abinda ke ciki

Ta bayyana cewa yadda Al'adun Palasdinawa ke girmama iyali a matsayin iko mafi girma da kuma halin da ake ciki ga mata a Islama ya ba da gudummawa ga kisan.

Kirkus Reviews ya kammala cewa "A zuciyarsa, kuma inda ya yi nasara, labarin bala'i na wata yarinya mai basira, mai rai wanda ke son zama matashiyar Amurka ta al'ada. "  Ya yi jayayya cewa "bayanan dabarun ta'addanci suna da rikice-rikice, kuma tana da matukar bauta wa [tushen shari'a da doka]. "

Daniel Pipes ya rubuta a cikin *Gabas ta Tsakiya Quarterly*, wani wallafe-wallafen mai suna Middle East Forum, cewa ya gamu da wasu matsaloli wajen fahimtar abubuwan da suka faru yayin da "Harris ta yi ƙoƙari ta tono bayanai fiye da yadda ta rubuta littafin" amma "dukiyar kayan aiki ne a kan batutuwa biyu da ba a iya fahimta ba". 

## Manazarta