Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum

Jean-Jacques Muyembe kwararre ne dan kasar Kwango. Shi ne babban darekta na Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo Institut National pour la Recherche Biomedicale ( INRB ). Ya kasance cikin tawagar a Asibitin Ofishin Jakadancin Katolika na Yambuku da suka gudanar da bincike kan barkewar cutar Ebola ta farko, kuma yana cikin kokarin da aka gano Ebola a matsayin sabuwar cuta, ko da yake har yanzu ana ta cece-kuce a kan ainihin rawar da ya taka.   A cikin 2016, ya jagoranci binciken da aka tsara, tare da wasu masu bincike a INRB da Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya a Amurka, daya daga cikin mafi kyawun maganin cutar Ebola, mAb114 .  An yi nasarar gwada maganin a lokacin barkewar cutar kwanan nan a cikin DRC,  kan yanke shawara na Ministan Lafiya na DRC na lokacin, Dokta Oly Ilunga, duk da wata shawara mara kyau daga Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Muyembe ya girma a lardin Bandundu, ɗan manoma. Ya yi karatu a makarantun da Jesuits ke gudanarwa. Ya karanci likitanci, tun daga shekarar 1962, a Jami'ar Lovanium da ke kasar Belgian Kongo ( Jamhuriyar Demokaradiyyar Kongo ) inda ya sami sha'awar nazarin halittu kuma ya kammala karatunsa a 1969.  Ya sami digirin digirgir a fannin ilimin halittu a Jami'ar Leuven da ke Belgium, yana aiki kan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta tare da ƙirar linzamin kwamfuta.   Ya koma Zaire ( Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kongo ) a cikin 1973 kuma ya yi aiki a yaƙi da cutar kwalara.  A cikin 1974 an sami bullar cutar kwalara a Matadi, wanda shine rikicin farko da Muyembe yayi aiki akai. 

## Sana'a

*The Lancet* ta bayyana Muyembe a matsayin *mai farautar Ebola a Afirka* .  Ya fara kamuwa da cutar Ebola a shekarar 1976 a wani asibitin kasar Belgium da ke Yambuku .   Ta hanyar amfani da dogon sandar karfe, Muyembe ya dauki gwajin hanta daga wasu mata uku da suka mutu, amma sakamakon bai cika ba. Shi ne masanin kimiyya na farko da ya fara hulɗa da kwayar cutar kuma ya tsira.  An bayyana Muyembe a matsayin daya daga cikin wadanda suka gano cutar ta Ebola sakamakon aikin da ya yi a barkewar cutar a shekarar 1976.  Ya dauki jinin wani ma'aikacin jinya mara lafiya, wanda aka aika don bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin Magungunan Tropical a Antwerp, sannan zuwa Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka, inda Peter Piot ya yi amfani da samfurin don gano cutar Ebola.  Wannan sigar abubuwan da suka faru, dangane da rawar da ya taka a barkewar cutar ta 1976, daga baya aka musanta a cikin labarin kimiyya na 2016 da ya sanya hannu tare da wasu daga cikin sauran 'yan wasan da suka rage na wannan annoba ta farko. 

An nada shi shugaban Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Kinshasa a 1978.  A cikin 1981 Muyembe ya shiga Cibiyar Pasteur de Dakar a Senegal, yana aiki tare da Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka don nazarin cutar Ebola da Marburg .  A cikin 1998 an nada shi darektan Cibiyar Binciken Kwayoyin Halitta ta Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo . 

Ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga Kwamitin Gaggawa na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya kan cutar Ebola.  A nan ne ya jagoranci masu bincike 15 da ke nazarin cututtukan barci da kwayar cutar bas-Congo da Ebola .  Ya shawarci shugabancin siyasa a yammacin Afirka . 

Ya fahimci kalubalen zamantakewar zamantakewar cutar ta Ebola, yana ƙoƙarin ƙarfafa asibitocin inganta matakan rigakafin kamuwa da cuta da haɗin gwiwar al'umma.  Ya yi aiki tare da David L. Heymann kan barkewar cutar Ebola a cikin 1995.  Daraktan babban asibitin Kikwit ne ya kira shi da ya nemi a taimaka masa kan barkewar cutar gudawa mai kisa . Lokacin da Muyembe ya isa, ya gane cutar Ebola ce, kuma ya aika samfurori don tabbatarwa a Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka .  Ya jagoranci kwamitocin kasa da kasa da suka yi kokarin shawo kan barkewar cutar Ebola a Gabon da Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo .  Yana jagorantar bincike kan ma'ajiyar kwayar cutar Ebola a DRC .  A cikin 2009, ya nuna cewa barkewar cutar Ebola a cikin DRC ta kasance saboda kamuwa da jemagu na 'ya'yan itace .  Ya inganta maganin cutar Ebola.  Maganin maganin cutar Ebola, ta hanyar amfani da ƙwayoyin rigakafi daga marasa lafiya, an fara gwada shi da wata ƙungiyar likitoci a lokacin barkewar 1976 a Yambuku kuma daga baya ta ba da shawarar barkewar cutar nan gaba ta Hukumar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Gwamnatin DRC (tsohon Zaïre) ta kafa. 

A cikin 2014, Darakta Janar Margaret Chan ta nada shi a kungiyar ba da shawara ta WHO game da Cutar Cutar Ebola, wanda Sam Zaramba da David L. Heymann suka jagoranta. 

An sake samun barkewar cutar Ebola a cikin 2018, wanda ya dauki lokaci kafin a shawo kansa saboda jinkirin bayar da rahoto.  Wellcome Trust da Sashen Ci Gaban Ƙasashen Duniya sun ba da gudummawar fam miliyan ɗaya kowanne.  Ya fara yin amfani da maganin rigakafin cutar Ebola na gwaji a lokacin barkewar cutar don takaita yaduwar cutar, gami da yin allurar rigakafin cutar .   Wannan matsayi kan amfani da magungunan gwaji a lokacin barkewar ya haifar da zazzafar muhawara a DRC, inda a karshe Dr Oly Ilunga ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa na Ministan Lafiya, yana mai nuni da matsin lamba da tsangwama daga kamfanonin harhada magunguna na duniya da ba a bayyana sunayensu ba. 

Muyembe ya kafa wuraren bincike da yawa, gami da dakin binciken cutar shan inna da mura . A cikin 2017 ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Hukumar Haɗin gwiwar Kasa da Kasa ta Japan don gina rukunin bincike tare da dakunan gwaje-gwajen halittu da yawa.  Ya zuwa shekarar 2018, har yanzu DRC ba ta da wani dakin gwaje-gwaje na kansu da za su gwada cutar Ebola. 

A ranar 3 ga Afrilu, 2020, yayin wani taron manema labarai a Kinshasa, Muyembe ya ba da shawarar yin gwaji a DRC na gwajin rigakafin cutar COVID-19 a tsakiyar wata babbar annoba, wanda ke haifar da koma baya daga al'ummar Kongo.  Daga karshe ya ja da baya yana mai da'awar rashin fahimta. 

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa
A cikin 2015 an ba shi lambar yabo ta Christophe Mérieux don nazarin ƙarin bincike a cikin Kongo Basin .   A waccan shekarar an ba shi lambar yabo ta Royal Society Africa Prize *"saboda aikin da ya yi kan cutar zazzabin cizon sauro, ciki har da Ebola, wanda ya haifar da tushen fahimtarmu game da cututtukan cututtuka, bayyanar asibiti da kuma kula da barkewar wadannan cututtukan cututtuka".*     An ba shi lambar yabo ta Nasara ta Rayuwa a Taron Taro na Duniya na 2015 akan Filoviruses. An nada shi a matsayin ɗayan 10 na Nature a cikin 2018 da 2019.   A cikin 2019 ya lashe lambar yabo ta Hideyo Noguchi ta Afirka daga Gwamnatin Japan.  An haɗa Muyembe a cikin Mutane 100 Mafi ''Tasirin'' na 2020.  A cikin 2023, an ba shi lambar yabo ta 2023 na Babban Darakta na Duniya na WHO a matsayin fitaccen masanin kimiya kuma shugaban kula da lafiyar jama'a wanda ke da hannu sosai wajen gano cutar Ebola kafin ya kai ga matsayi na jagoranci a lafiyar duniya. Kyautar ta karrama nasarorin da ya samu a rayuwar jama'a. 

## Nassoshi