Mafi karancin albashi a Jamus

Mafi karancin albashi a Jamus shine € 12.82 a kowace awa, kafin haraji tun daga 1 ga Janairu 2025. Dokar (Jamusanci) an gabatar da ita ne a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2015, ta Gwamnatin Angela Merkel ta uku, hadin gwiwa tsakanin SPD da CDU. Aiwatar da mafi karancin albashi shine babban bukatar SPD a lokacin tattaunawar hadin gwiwa a matsayin alkawarin zabe na tsakiya a lokacin yakin German zabe na tarayya na 2013. A baya, Jamus tana da mafi ƙarancin albashi ne kawai a cikin takamaiman bangarori, waɗanda ƙungiyoyin kwadago suka tattauna, kuma wasu suna ƙasa da mafi ƙanƙanta albashi da aka gabatar a cikin 2015.[1]

Mafi karancin albashi na farko ya kasance Yuro 8.50 a kowace awa, kafin haraji. Tun daga wannan lokacin, Hukumar Kula da Albashi ta Jamus (MNNkommission) a kai a kai tana ba da shawarar gyare-gyare zuwa matakin mafi ƙarancin albashi. An kara shi na karshe zuwa Yuro 12 a kowace awa kafin haraji a watan Oktoba 2022.

Saboda hauhawar farashi, a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2022 wannan albashi ya kai kimanin Yuro 9.80 a watan Janairun shekara ta 2015.   Albashi na Yuro 12 yana nuna babban albashi na kowane wata na Yuro 2,080 ga ma'aikaci na cikakken lokaci, ma'ana wani yana aiki na sa'o'i arba'in a kowane mako. Bundestag ta yanke shawarar karuwar zuwa € 12 a ranar 3 ga Yuni 2022 (400 zuwa 41, tare da masu kada kuri'a 200). 

Har ila yau akwai banbanci ga mafi ƙarancin albashi ga ma'aikata a kan horo, ma'aikata yayin horar da su na sana'a, masu sa kai, horarwa har zuwa watanni uku, matasa da marasa aikin yi na dogon lokaci.

## Kwamitin Mafi Girma
Don daidaita adadin mafi ƙarancin albashi, Gwamnatin Jamus ta kafa kwamiti na dindindin, tare da mambobi tara: shugaban kasa, wakilan ma'aikata uku, wakilan masu aiki uku da masana tattalin arziki biyu waɗanda ba su da ikon jefa kuri'a a cikin hukumar. Yana kimanta aikin tattalin arzikin Jamus gabaɗaya don samun matakin mafi ƙarancin albashi. An yi gyare-gyaren mafi ƙarancin albashi na farko a watan Yunin 2016, kuma an bi shi bayan shekaru biyu da wani gyare- gyare-jafe, a watan Yun 2018, wanda ya ɗaga mafi ƙarancen albashi zuwa € 9.19 .

## Tattaunawa game da mafi ƙarancin albashi a Jamus
Mafi karancin albashi ya kasance daya daga cikin batutuwan da suka fi rikitarwa a lokacin yakin neman zabe na 2013. Jam'iyyar dimokuradiyya ta zamantakewa ta SPD, Jam'iyyar kore ta Jamus da jam'iyyar hagu ta Die Linke, sun goyi bayan mafi karancin albashi. Sabanin haka, FDP mai sassaucin ra'ayi na tattalin arziki, da CDU mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, sun kasance masu shakku.[1]

Cibiyar binciken tattalin arziki ta CESifo Group Munich ta yi kira game da gabatar da mafi karancin albashi na € 8.50. Dangane da binciken Cibiyar Nazarin Tattalin Arziki ta Cibiyar Ifo a cikin 2014, an yi hasashen mafi ƙarancin albashi zai kai har zuwa ayyuka 900,000, musamman a gabashin Jamus.[undefined] Koyaya, binciken da aka yi daga Makarantar Tattalin Arziki da Kimiyya ta Siyasa ta London ya sabawa shi ta hanyar nuna cewa mafi ƙarancin albashi bai haifar da asarar aiki ba. Lalle ne, takardar Tattaunawar Binciken Manufofin Tattalin Arziki, wacce ta bincika matakan aiki a Jamus a fadin yankuna daban-daban daga 2011 zuwa 2016, ta nuna cewa rashin aikin yi ya ragu a yankunan da ke da ƙananan matakan albashi a baya.[1] Bayan haka, binciken Cibiyar Nazarin Tattalin Arziki ta Jamus ya nuna cewa mafi karancin albashi ya kara yawan albashi na awa daya, amma ba jimlar kudin shiga na mutanen da ke aiki a bangaren low-albashi ba. Tun lokacin da albashin sa'a ya karu dan kadan, lokutan aiki sun ragu a lokaci guda don rage farashin da ya fi girma.[2]

Karin mafi karancin albashi na Oktoba 2022 zuwa Yuro 12 a kowace awa, an kiyasta zai kara albashin mutane sama da miliyan 6 a cewar Ministan Kwadago Hubertus Heil, kuma bai kamata ya rage yawan ayyukan ba, babban abin damuwa ga masu sukar.

### Amfani da tuki ta hanyar Jamus
Hukumar Tarayyar Turai ta soki cewa Jamus ta sa kamfanonin sufuri na kasashen waje su biya mafi karancin albashi ga direbobin manyan motocinsu yayin da suke tuki ta hanyar Jamus. Hukumar ta gabatar da Hanyar keta doka a kan Jamus a ranar 19 ga Mayu 2015, tana jayayya cewa mafi karancin albashi yana da tasiri mai yawa a bangaren sufuri, yana hana 'yancin samar da ayyuka da kuma motsi na kaya kyauta. 'Yanci don samar da ayyuka da motsi na kyauta na kayayyaki sune biyu daga cikin manyan' yanci huɗu da Tarayyar Turai ta dogara da su. Hukumar ta ba da ƙarin wasika game da wannan batun ga hukumomin Jamus a ranar 16 ga Yuni 2016, inda ta fara sanarwar watanni biyu na yiwuwar matakin shari'a.

Hakazalika, Kotun Kudi ta Berlin-Brandenburg [de] ta yanke hukunci a cikin 2019 cewa dole ne direbobin manyan motoci na kasashen waje su sami mafi ƙarancin albashi yayin tuki ta Jamus.

## Kudin yanzu da na baya
Hoton da ke ƙasa da teburin suna nuna yadda matakin mafi ƙarancin albashi na Jamus ya bunƙasa a tsawon lokaci tun lokacin da aka gabatar da shi. Don yin daidai, suna nuna mafi ƙarancin albashi na sa'a (Jamusanci ). shafi na ƙarshe na teburin, a cikin Yuro 2015, ya nuna cewa a cikin ainihin sharuddan, mafi ƙarancin albashi ya karu ƙasa da na suna. A wasu kalmomi, lokacin da Jamus ta kara mafi karancin albashi, karuwar ta kasance wani bangare ta hanyar karuwar farashin rayuwa (hawan farashi).

## Biyayya
An kiyasta ma'aikata miliyan 0.5 zuwa 2.4 ba bisa ka'ida ba a ƙasa da mafi ƙarancin albashi a Jamus a cikin 2018. Kimanin kashi 10% na daliban jami'a da ke aiki da ayyukan da suka cancanci mafi karancin albashi ana biyan su ƙasa, ba bisa ka'ida ba, 'yan watanni bayan gabatar da mafi karancin albashin.

## Manazarta