open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Paradise Point, Pakistan

Paradise Point rairayin bakin teku ne a kan Tekun Larabawa kuma ajiyar Hukumar Makamashi ta Pakistan da ke cikin Gundumar Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan . Paradise Point wani dutse ne na dutse wanda ya taɓa samun bakan halitta.

Saboda damuwa da tsaro da rauni da suka shafi tashar nukiliya ta Karachi a Paradise Point, an rufe rairayin bakin teku don yawon bude ido lokacin da Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta sami ajiyar a madadin gwamnatin tarayya ta Pakistan a cikin 2017. 

Kafin 2017, Aljanna Point babban abin jan hankali ne ga masu yawon bude ido, wanda ke ba da doki da raƙumi na bakin teku, wuraren shakatawa, gidajen cin abinci, da yin iyo a Tekun Larabawa. Ana iya samun Beach na Paradise ta hanyar Hawkes Bay Road ko Mubarak Goth Road daga cikin garin Karachi. A yammacinsa, ana samun rairayin bakin teku na Nathiagali.

Sauran rairayin bakin teku da ke kusa da birnin sun hada da Sandspit Beach, Hawke's Bay, da Clifton Beach.

## Tashar Nukiliya ta Karachi
Kusa da Paradise Point wani shafin ne inda kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na Karachi yake. Saboda damuwa da tsaro da yiwuwar kai hare-hare, gwamnatin tarayya ta Pakistan ta ba da izinin Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta sami yankin kuma an sanya shi a matsayin ajiyar Hukumar Makamashi Ta atomatik ta Pakistan, wanda ya rufe rairayin bakin teku don yawon bude ido kuma ana buƙatar izini don ziyartar da shigar da rairayin rairayin kan teku. 

## Manazarta
Gudun kogin kogin

Shige da fice na tashar kogi shine tsarin geomorphological wanda ya haɗa da ƙaura na gefe na tashar kogin da ke fadin ambaliyar ruwa. Wannan tsari galibi ana motsa shi ne ta hanyar haɗuwa da lalacewar banki da kuma sanya maɓallin bar a tsawon lokaci. Lokacin da ake magana game da ƙaurawar tashar kogi, yawanci yana nufin raƙuman ruwa masu juyawa. A cikin koguna masu laushi, canjin tashar yana motsawa ta hanyar jigilar turɓaya.

An ba da shawarar cewa ƙaura ta gefe tsari ne na musamman a cikin shimfidar wurare na Savanna.

## Hanyoyin jiki

### Rushewar banki
Yayin da kwarara ya shiga bankin wani kogi mai laushi, ƙarfin centrifugal da aka kirkira ta hanyar karkatarwa yana haifar da kwararar helicoidal, corkscrew kamar tsarin kwararar, wanda ke motsa aikin hydraulic da ke aiki a kan bankin adawa. Wannan shi ne inda tsarin farko a cikin ƙaurawar kogin kogin na Rushewar banki ke faruwa. Sau da yawa bankin yana raguwa, wani sakamako na kwararar helicoidal, wanda ke haifar da ƙirƙirar bankunan da aka yanke. Abubuwan da ke iyakance yawan lalacewar banki sun haɗa da yawan raguwar mashaya, ikon rafi, da kuma matsanancin damuwa na gado na rafi.

### Bayyanawa daga bar
An kwashe turɓaya daga bankin yayin aiwatar da Rushewar banki a gefen da ke adawa da tashar da ke samar da tsarin da ake kira ma'auni. Hakanan kwararar helicoidal tana taka rawa a cikin wannan tsari ta hanyar aiki a matsayin ɓangaren tashar giciye wanda ke motsa turɓaya zuwa wancan gefen. Hanyoyin zubar da ma'auni da rushewar banki suna haɗuwa kuma a mafi yawan lokuta yawan rushewar bankunan da aka yanke daidai yake da yawan zubar da sanduna. Bugu da ƙari, sandunan ma'ana suna aiki ne a matsayin cikas na taswirar da zarar an kafa shi wanda ke ci gaba da gudana zuwa bankin da ke gaba, yana haifar da madauki mai kyau. Wannan yana haifar da hanyoyin kogin da ke cikin kogin da ya zama mafi kyau a tsawon lokaci.

## Abubuwan da ke tattare da su
Abubuwan da aka samo a cikin ƙaurawar tashar kogi sune sanduna, bankunan da aka yanke, meanders, ambaliyar ruwa, da tabkuna.

## Aunawa da kuma samfurin
Hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su don auna ƙaurawar tashar kogi sun bambanta tsakanin ma'auni daban-daban. A tsawon lokaci ana amfani da ma'auni, shaidar sedimentological, shaidar botanical, da tushen tarihi. A kan ma'auni na matsakaici, ana amfani da sake dubawa na planimetric da maimaita ribar giciye. A cikin gajeren lokaci, ana amfani da ma'auni na ƙasa da kuma ƙuƙwalwar lalacewa.

Don yin samfurin ƙaura na tashar kogi a tsawon lokaci, ana iya samar da Ayyukan orthogonal na layin hanyar lalacewa don ƙididdigar ma'auni. Ana iya amfani da ayyukan orthogonal don nuna hanyoyin da tashoshin zasu iya ɗauka a cikin ƙaura na gefe. Misali na alamu na meander na iya zama da amfani a aikace-aikace daban-daban na jiki.

## Manazarta
Sampada Ghimire

**Sampada Ghimire** (Nepali) (an haife ta a ranar 30 ga Mayu, 2001) 'yar asalin Nepalese ce, manajan tallace-tallace kuma mai riƙe da lambar yabo ta Miss Universe Nepal 2024 kuma ta wakilci kasar ta a Miss Universe 2024. 

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Sampada Ghimire a ranar 30 ga Mayu, 2001, a Bhaktapur, Nepal . A lokacin da take da shekaru 17, ta fara koyar da 'ya'yan ma'aikatan masana'antu. Har ila yau, ita ma mai horar da lafiya da lafiya kuma lafiya kuma tana aiki a matsayin malamin yoga na yara. A gaban kwararru, tana aiki a matsayin manajan tallace-tallace na abun ciki da kuma samfurin jirgin sama. Ta shiga cikin shirye-shiryen samfurin daban-daban.

Ta shiga cikin Miss Supranational Nepal 2023 kuma ta fito a matsayin ta biyu. Bayan shekara guda, ta shiga Miss Universe Nepal 2024 kuma ta lashe gasar. Ayyukanta na bayar da shawarwari da ake kira Playful Learnings, Limitless Dreams; yana mai da hankali kan gina ɗakunan karatu da samar da kayan wasanni ga yankuna kamar sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira, ƙauyuka don tabbatar da ci gaban ilimi da na yara marasa galihu.

## Gasar

## Manazarta
Sake farawa

**Sake farawa** na iya nufin:Farawa

## Kwamfuta

* Reboot (ƙididdiga) , aikin sake farawa kwamfuta
* Sake saitawa (ƙididdiga), kawo tsarin zuwa yanayin al'ada ko yanayin farko

## Waƙoƙi

* Restart (band), ƙungiyar Brazil
* Restart (Restart album), Restart ta farko studio album
* Maidowa (Album na Newsboys) , 2013
* Maidowa (waƙar Bilal), 2010
* Maidowa (Nnadia Chan album) , 2003
* "Restart" (waƙar Kotoko) , 2012
* The Restarts, ƙungiyar punk ta titi daga London, Ingila

## Sauran

* Sake farawa (koyarwa) , shirin a Ƙasar Ingila don mutanen da ba su da aikin yi na dogon lokaci
* Re:START, wani kantin sayar da kayayyaki na wucin gadi a Christchurch, New Zealand
* Sake farawa, wani littafi na Gordon Korman.
* Restart (ƙungiya), ƙungiyar adawa ta Iran da ke zaune a California, Amurka

## Dubi kuma

* Farawa
* Reboot (disambiguation) 
* Maidowa (disambiguation) 
* Maidowa (disambiguation) 
* Farawa (disambiguation) 
* Farawa Har ila yau (disambiguation) 
* Farawa (disambiguation)
Shirin Ice na Arctic

Arctic Ice Project kungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta Silicon Valley wacce ke da niyyar jinkirta Canjin yanayi ta hanyar dawo da kankara a cikin Arctic. Binciken kimiyya a cikin fasahar adana kankara yana wakiltar damar sayen har zuwa shekaru 15 don tattalin arzikin duniya ya rabu da carbon. Kungiyar ta gina cibiyar sadarwa ta kirkire-kirkire na manyan haɗin gwiwar kimiyya na waje waɗanda suka haɗa da manyan kwararru da kungiyoyi a fagen yanayi don daidaita ƙoƙarin yin amfani da wata don dakatar da narkewar kankara ta Arctic a cikin mahimman sassan Arctic, garkuwar zafi ta duniya.

## Magani
Hanyar Arctic Ice Project ita ce yada microspheres na silica (yashi mai nunawa) a saman kankara a cikin Arctic. Microspheres suna haɓaka ikon nunawa na kankara. Wannan yana rage yawan hasken rana da aka sha, kuma yana jinkirta narkewar kankara.

Microspheres suna da fari mai haske, kuma kowannensu yana da microns 35 a diamita (kasa da diamita na gashin mutum). Microspheres suna cike da iska kuma suna iyo. Wahayin shine rufe wani yanki mai mahimmanci na Arctic game da girman Belgium tare da microspheres. Wuraren da aka yi niyya za su kasance kusa da al'ummomin da suka dogara da kankara, da kuma hanyoyin da kankara mai narkewa ya kai ga teku mai faɗi.

Aikin Arctic Ice yana da niyyar sake gina tsarin halitta tare da mafi ƙarancin shiga tsakani. Microspheres na silica na Arctic Ice Project za su narke a tsawon lokaci. Wannan wani nau'i ne na "geonjiniyanci mai laushi". An yi iƙirarin cewa ba shi da lahani kuma ya fi juyawa fiye da sauran dabarun.

Wasu masana kimiyya suna damuwa game da haɗarin dawo da kankara na Arctic, saboda wannan hanyar na iya samun sakamako mara kyau. The Arctic Ice Project ya ci gaba da cewa tsarinsa ba zai canza yanayin halittu ba ko gurɓata muhalli.

].

## Manazarta
Ofishin Rediyo da Talabijin na Nijar

**Gidan Rediyon Talabijin na [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] (RTN)**, wanda aka fi sani da **Ofishin Rediyo da Talabijin na Nijar** (Faransanci: Office de radiodiffusion et Télévision du Niger), ko **ORTN** a takaice, shine gidan da ake watsa shirye-shiryen jihar na ƙasar Yammacin Afirka na Nijar. RTN na aiki da tashar talabijin ta Télé Sahel, gidan rediyo na Voix du Sahel, da kuma tashar tauraron dan adam ta  (2001). Ma'aikatar Al'adu, Fasaha da Sadarwa ce ke kula da RTN kuma tana tallafawa gidan.

## Tarihi
A ranar 11 ga watan Fabrairu 1967, an haɗe/maja na ayyukan gidan Rediyon da Talabijin zuwa ORTN.

A watan Afrilun shekarar 2000, an ba da izinin watsa shirye-shirye gaba ɗaya kuma a sakamakon haka an kafa tashoshin talabijin masu zaman kansu da yawa a Nijar. ORTN ta mayar da martani ga wannan ci gaba ta hanyar kirkirar shirin talabijin na biyu: Tal TV ta fara watsa shirye-shirye tun a shekarar 2001. 

ORTN ta tura biyu daga cikin mambobi bakwai zuwa Conseil de Presse (Majalisar Labarai) tun lokacin da aka kafa ta a watan Maris na shekara ta 2007. Wannan ma'aikatar kula da kanta ta ƙafofin watsa labarai na Nijar ta kafa kanta aikin saka idanu kan ka'idojin ayyukan ƙafofin watsa labarai kuma tana da alhakin bayar da katunan shaidar aiki ga ɗan jarida ko manema labarai.

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022, ta zama Rediyo Télévision du Niger don raba ayyukan edita daga ayyukan watsa shirye-shiryen da aka yi a sabuwar tashar Télédiffusion du Niger (TDN).

Sanarwar hukumar gwamnatin game da juyin mulkin soja na 2023 da Janar Abdourahamane Tchiani ya yi an ayyana hakan ne daga tashar ta RTN Télé Sahel.

RTN memba ne na Ƙungiyar watsa shirye-shiryen Afirka (AUB).

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na Waje
*
*African Development Info Database: ORTN.
Gadar Kennedy (Niamey)

**Gadar Kennedy** dai ita ce babbar hanyar ƙetare kogin Neja a Niamey, Nijar.

## Tarihi

An gina gadar a shekarar 1970, kuma an sanya mata suna ne don karrama Shugaban Amurka John F. Kennedy. Ginin gadar ya baiwa birnin Niamey damar faɗaɗa zuwa gefen dama na kogin zuwa yamma. A ranar 9 ga watan Fabrairun 1990, wani rikici tsakanin daliban Jami'ar Niamey da ƴan sanda a kan gadar ya yi silar da fararen hula 20 suka mutu, dalilin hakan ya kawo ƙarshen mulkin soja a bisa jagorancin Janar Ali Saibou. 

## Manazarta

## Adireshin Waje
*Britannica online.
*Remo Capra Bloise.  Bridge Over Niger: The True Story of the J. F. Kennedy Bridge. AuthorHouse (2000) 
*James Decalo. Historical Dictionary of Niger. Scarecrow Press/ Metuchen. NJ - London (1979)
Le Républicain (Nijar)

Jaridar **Le Républicain** dai, jarida ce ta mako-mako da ake wallafawa a Harshen Faransanci daga babban birnin Niamey na Nijar. Ana buga jaridar a duk ranar Alhamis, kuma ana gudanar da ita daga ofisoshi a Place du Petit Marché, Niamey. An kafa Le Républicain a shekara ta 1991, biyo bayan sassauta dokokin kafofin watsa labarai, jaridar mallakar Mama Abu, wata mai kula da kwamfuta kuma mai shirya harkokin sabgar Siyasa. Jaridar ta samu sahalewa daga gwamnati, kuma sau da dama ta kan soki Shugaban Nijar Tandja Mamadou. Jaridar mallakar Maman Abou ce, wadda kuma ta mallaki gidan wallafe-wallafen mai zaman kansa mafi girma a Nijar. An ƙaddamar da sigar jaridar ta ɓangaren yanar gizo-(online version) a shekarar 1999.

## Manazarta

## Adireshin Waje
*ReliefWeb:Le Républicain (2009).
*African Development Info Database: Le Republicain Newspaper.
*http://www.republicain-niger.com: Official site
Manfred Kanther

**Manfred Kanther** (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga Mayu 1939) ɗan siyasan Jamus ne mai ra'ayin mazan jiya kuma ya kasance Ministan cikin gida na Tarayyar Jamus daga 1993 zuwa 1998. Ya kasance memba na CDU (tun 1958).

## Rayuwa da ilimi
An haifi Kanther a Schweidnitz, Silesia . Bayan ya wuce Abitur a 1958, ya yi karatun shari'a a Marburg da Bonn, ya kammala a 1966. A lokacin karatunsa, ya zama memba na ƙungiyar 'yan uwantaka ta Corps Guestphalia Marburg (a yau ana kiranta Corps Guestfalia et Suevoborussia Marburg). Daga 1967 zuwa 1970 Kanther ya rike mukamin *Stadtoberrechtsrat* a Plettenberg .

Kanther ta yi aure kuma tana da 'ya'ya shida.

## Rayuwar siyasa
Kanther ya kasance memba na majalisar dokokin jihar Hessian daga 1974 zuwa 1993. A watan Yulin 1993 ya yi murabus daga Hessian Landtag kuma ya zama Ministan Cikin visa a matsayin magajin Rudolf Seiters .  A wannan shekarar ya ba da umarnin haramta Jam'iyyar Ma'aikatan Kurdistan (PKK) don kai hare-hare kan wuraren Turkiyya. A lokacin mulkinsa dole ne ya magance tashin hankali na Red Army Faction kuma ya yi adawa da zama ɗan ƙasa biyu. A shekara ta 1994, an zabe shi a cikin Bundestag a matsayin wakilin zaben Hanau .  An sake zabar Gwamnatin Helmut Kohl kuma ya ɗauki wa'adi na biyu a matsayin Ministan Cikin Gida. Ya shiga cikin sauye-sauye don manufofin game da masu neman mafaka da kuma ga baƙi ƙarami zuwa shekaru goma sha shida, an gabatar da biza ta tilas. Ya sake shiga Bundestag a shekarar 1998 ta hanyar kuri'un dan takarar CDU a duk fadin jihar. 

Manfred Kanther ya shiga cikin abin kunya na bayar da gudummawa na 2000 na Hessian CDU kuma ya sauka daga Bundestag a watan Janairun 2000. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2005, Kotun Wiesbaden ta yanke wa Kanther hukuncin watanni 18 a kan gwaji saboda yin rashin aminci. Bundesgerichtshof, duk da haka, ta ayyana hukuncin a ƙarshen 2006 kuma ta mayar da karar zuwa Landgericht Wiesbaden don ƙarin sauraro. Daga baya aka rage hukuncinsa zuwa tarar € 54,000.

## Manazarta
Olympic FC, Niamey

Kulob ɗin **Olympic FC** na Niamey dai, ƙungiyar ƙwararru ne na ƙwallon ƙafa ta Nijar da ke zaune a birnin Niamey/Yamai. Kungiyar na karɓar abokan karawa a filin kwallo na Janar Seyni Kountché Stadion. An kafa kulob ɗin ne a shekarar 1964 daga ƙungiyarkwallon kafa ta Secteur 6.

## Nasarorin da aka samu
***[[Gasar Super Ligue ta ƙasar (Niger)|Gasar firimiya lig ta Nijar]]: 12**
::1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970 (as Secteur 6)
::1976, 1977, 1978, 1989, 1998, 1999, 2012

***[[Niger Cup]]: 5**
::1975, 1977, 1990, 1991, 2003

## Kokarin Koluf ɗin a gasar cin kofin CAF-(Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Afirka)
***[[CAF Champions League]]: 1 appearance**
::2000&nbsp;– Preliminary Round

* **[[African Cup of Champions Clubs]]: 9 appearances**

::1967&nbsp;– Preliminary Round
::1968&nbsp;– Preliminary Round
::1969&nbsp;– First Round

::1970&nbsp;– First Round
::1971&nbsp;– First Round
::1975&nbsp;– First Round

::1977&nbsp;– First Round
::1978&nbsp;– Second Round
::1990&nbsp;– Preliminary Round

***[[CAF Confederation Cup]]: Fitowa Sau 1**
::2004&nbsp;– Zagayen Farko 

***[[CAF Cup]]: Fitowa sau 1**
::1994&nbsp;– Zagaye na Biyu

***[[CAF Cup Winners' Cup]]: Fitowa sau 4**

::1991&nbsp;– Zagaye na Biyu
::1992&nbsp;– Zagaye na Biyu

::1993&nbsp;– Zagayen Farko

::2001&nbsp;– Zagayen Farko

## Manazarta
Yankunan Kudancin

Yankunan Kudancin ko Sahara ta Maroko sune kalmomin da Gwamnatin Maroko ta yi amfani da su don komawa ga Yankin da aka mamaye na Yammacin Sahara. Wadannan sunayen sun hada da dukan Yammacin Sahara, wanda ya mamaye uku daga cikin yankuna 12 na farko na Morocco. Ana amfani da kalmar "Landunan Kudancin" akai-akai a gidan talabijin na Maroko (misali tsinkayen yanayi, taswirar labarai, da maganganun hukuma) da kuma kafofin watsa labarai yayin da ake amfani da sunan da ke da alaƙa da Polisario Front da Jihar Sahrawi kuma a wasu lokuta ana hukunta shi.

## Tarihi
Yammacin Sahara ya kasance mulkin mallaka na Mutanen Espanya da aka sani da Sahara na Mutanen Spain. A cikin shekarun 1970s, Spain ta fuskanci matsin lamba daga Maroko don barin yankin, wanda ya ƙare a cikin Green March, babban zanga-zangar da Gwamnatin Maroko ta shirya a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba 1975 don tilasta Spain ta canja Yammacin Sahara zuwa Maroko. Yarjejeniyar Madrid, wacce aka tabbatar da kwanaki 12 kawai bayan Green March, ta tsara cewa Spain za ta fice daga Yammacin Sahara a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu 1976, a ƙarshe. Daga baya, Morocco da Mauritania sun sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar raba Yammacin Sahara a ranar 14 ga Afrilu 1976. Wannan yarjejeniyar ta haifar da Morocco ta mallaki Saguia el-Hamra, yayin da Mauritania ta mallaki Rio de Oro, ta sake masa suna Tiris al-Gharbiyya.

## Manazarta
Dahomey

Masarautar Dahomey (/dəˈhoʊmi/) masarauta ce ta Yammacin Afirka da ke cikin Benin ta yanzu wacce ta wanzu daga kimanin shekara ta 1600 har zuwa shekarar 1904. Ya ci gaba a kan Abomey Plateau tsakanin Mutanen Fon a farkon karni na 17 kuma ya zama ikon yanki a karni na 18 ta hanyar faɗaɗa kudu don cinye manyan birane kamar Whydah na Masarautar Whydah a bakin tekun Atlantic wanda ya ba shi damar shiga cinikin bayi na Atlantika.

A yawancin tsakiyar karni na 19, Masarautar Dahomey ta zama babbar jiha ta yanki, bayan da ta ƙare matsayin mai ba da gudummawa ga Daular Oyo. Baƙi na Turai sun rubuta masarautar sosai, kuma ta zama ɗaya daga cikin al'ummomin Afirka da aka fi sani da Turawa. Masarautar Dahomey muhimmiyar iko ce ta yanki wacce ke da tattalin arzikin cikin gida da aka gina akan cin nasara da Aikin bawa, muhimmiyar cinikayya ta duniya da dangantakar diflomasiyya tare da Turawa, gudanarwa ta tsakiya, tsarin haraji, da kuma soja mai tsarawa. Shahararrun a cikin masarautar sune muhimman zane-zane, ƙungiyar soja ta mata da ake kira Dahomey Amazons ta masu lura da Turai, da kuma ayyukan addini na Vodun.

Ci gaban Dahomey ya yi daidai da ci gaban Cinikin bayi na Atlantic, kuma ya zama sananne ga Turawa a matsayin babban mai ba da bayi. Dahomey wata al'umma ce mai tsattsauran ra'ayi da aka shirya don yaƙi; ta kama fursunoni a lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe da hare-hare a kan al'ummomin makwabta kuma ta sayar da su cikin cinikin bayi na Atlantic don musayar kayayyakin Turai kamar bindigogi, gunpowder, yadudduka, harsashi, taba, bututu, da barasa. Sauran fursunoni sun zama bayi a Dahomey, inda suka yi aiki a gonakin sarauta ko kuma an kashe su a hadayar mutane a lokacin bukukuwan bikin da aka sani da Al'adun Dahomey na shekara-shekara.  Al'adun Dahomey na shekara-shekara sun haɗa da tattarawa da rarraba kyaututtuka da haraji, bukukuwan Vodun na addini, fareti na soja, da tattaunawa daga manyan mutane game da makomar masarautar.
## Manazarta
Jam'iyyar Juyin Juya Halin Jama'a ta Benin

Jam'iyyar Juyin Juya Halin Jama'a ta Benin (Faransanci: Parti de la Révolution Populaire du Bénin) jam'iyya ce ta siyasa a Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Benin . Janar Mathieu Kérékou ne ya kafa shi a shekarar 1975. Tare da sabon kundin tsarin mulki na 30 Nuwamba 1975, PRPB ya zama jam'iyyar doka kawai a kasar.A fannin akida, jam'iyyar ta bayyana cewa ta himmatu ga Marxism-Leninism, kodayake a aikace ta kasance mai kishin kasa.
## Tarihi

A shekara ta 1972, tsohuwar mulkin mallaka na Faransa na Jamhuriyar Dahomey ta yi juyin mulki tare da Manjo Mathieu Kérékou ya karɓi ƙasar. A shekara ta 1975, ya ba da sanarwar cewa za a sake sunan Dahomey Benin kuma za a kafa sabuwar Jam'iyyar Juyin Juya Halin Jama'a ta Benin don shiga cikin zabe. Daga baya aka yanke shawarar cewa PRPB za ta zama jam'iyyar siyasa ta doka a cikin jam'iyya daya da ke bin ka'idodin Kwaminisanci,

A cikin zaɓen majalisa na 1979, 1984 da 1989, PRPB ita ce kawai jam'iyya da ke takara. A shekara ta 1979, jerin jam'iyyar sun sami kuri'u 1,243,286 (97.9%), a shekara ta 1984 jerin jam'iyyun sun sami kuriʼu 1,811,208 (98.1%) kuma a shekara ta 1989 jerin jam'ayyar sun sami kuri" 1,695,860 (89.6%).

A shekara ta 1989, jam'iyyar ta yi watsi da Marxism-Leninism a matsayin jagorancin akidar hukuma bayan zaben 1989. [1] Sun kuma soke dokar jam'iyya daya kuma sun ba da izinin kafa sabbin jam'iyyun siyasa. Ya kasance ikon mulkin Benin har zuwa 1990. Jam'iyyar ta rushe tare da Kérékou tsaye a Zaben shugaban kasa na Benin na 1991 a matsayin mai zaman kansa maimakon a karkashin lakabin PRPB . Union of Forces of Progress ce ta maye gurbin ta.
## Manazarta
Koriya ta Arewa Freedom Coalition

**[[Koriya ta Arewa]] Freedom Coalition** (**NKFC**) Ƙungiya ce ta Amurka da aka kafa a 2003 don kare hakkin dan adam da 'Yanci a Koriya ta Kudu .  Kungiyar 'Yancin Koriya ta Arewa ta kunshi kungiyoyi 60. Wasu daga cikin wadannan kungiyoyi kungiyoyi ne masu ba da shawara, kamar su 'yancin mata da kungiyoyin 'yan gudun hijira. Sauran kungiyoyi suna da asalin addini, kuma suna yin aikin mishan daga wajen iyakar Koriya ta Arewa.

## Gudanarwa
NKFC ta goyi bayan Dokar Tilasta Dokar Koriya ta Arewa ta 2013 (H.R. 1771; Majalisa ta 113) , lissafin da zai kara takunkumin Amurka a kan Koriya ta Kudu. Kungiyar ta karfafa Amurkawa su tuntubi membobinsu na Majalisa game da lissafin. A cewar kungiyar, lissafin "zai sanya tsauraran tsauraran kudi a kan shugabannin Koriya ta Arewa wadanda ke da alhakin laifuka a kan bil'adama kuma zai rage yawan cin zarafin dan adam na Koriya ta Kudu. "
Rahim benue

Rahima Begum (a cikin harshen Bengali: রহিমা বেগম; an haife ta ranar 22 Mayu, 1984) ƙwararriyar mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ce ta ƙasar Ingila, kuma ita ce haɗin gwiwa ta kafa ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ta duniya mai suna Restless Beings, kuma ita ma ɗan fasaha ce da mai bincike.

## Rayuwa ta farko
Begum ta halarci Makarantar Plashet har zuwa shekara ta 2000 sannan ta ci gaba da karatu a Makarantar SakandarenSeven Kings High School . Ta kammala digiri na MA a fannin tarihin postcolonial, adabi da ƙa'idodi daga Jami'ar University College London.

## Ayyuka
Begum ya yi aiki a matsayin mai bincike,  mai zane-zane da kuma mai zane-zanen kansa.  A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2007,  ta kafa Restless Beings tare da mai ba da shawara kan ilimi Mabrur Uddin Ahmed (an haife ta a shekara ta 1983).  Restless Beings kungiya ce ta kasa da kasa   'yancin dan adam kuma ta yi rajista da agaji a Burtaniya   wacce ke tallafawa al'ummomin da aka ware a duk faɗin duniya. Kungiyar ta mamaye sarari tsakanin gwagwarmaya, bayar da shawarwari da ilimi.

Begum ya kasance mai faɗakarwa da sha'awar haƙƙin ɗan adam tun yana ƙarami. Ta yi aiki a duk faɗin al'umma daga karɓar bakuncin da kuma magana a abubuwan da suka faru na kare hakkin mata, tana gwagwarmayar zane-zane da kare hakkin dan adam a duk faɗar al'ummar Bangladesh ta Burtaniya, tare da aiki tare da kafofin watsa labarai. Ta tattara jama'a kuma ta jagoranci kamfen da yawa na kasa da na duniya. Baya ga wannan, Begum ta tuntubi masu tunani daban-daban, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu / kungiyoyi masu guje-gwadon kudi kan yadda za a yi wa al'ummomin da ke fama da rauni hidima da kuma ba da taimako kan ayyukan bincike na sauya manufofi. Ita ƙwararren masani ce, kuma ta ba da lacca kan haƙƙin ɗan adam a cikin gida da na duniya (Berkeley California, LSE, Jami'ar Columbia, NYU, Jami'an Dhaka, Jami'in Malaysia da sauransu da yawa).

Ayyukanta na jagorantar Restless Beings tare da Mabrur Ahmed da goyon baya ga Al'ummar Rohingya da aka tsananta a Burma da kuma 'yancin mata a Kyrgyzstan sun sami yabo na musamman  da kuma kulawar kafofin watsa labarai na duniya da ra'ayin duniya.  

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2014, Nadia Ali ta yi hira da Begum a BBC Asian Network game da Rikicin 'yan gudun hijira na Rohingya.

A ranar 27 ga Agusta, 2013, Begum ta auri Mabrur Ahmed, wanda shi ma haɗin gwiwa ne na kafa ƙungiyar Restless Beings.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Salih Mahmoud Osman

**Salih Mahmoud Osman** (da Larabci: صالح محمود عثمان, haruffan Rom: Ṣāliḥ Maḥmūd ʻUthmān; an haife shi a 1957 a Darfur) lauya ne ɗan ƙasar Sudan mai kare haƙƙin ɗan adam.

Osman sananne ne saboda bayar da wakilcin shari'a kyauta ga daruruwan wadanda ke fama da tashin hankali na kabilanci (mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam) a Sudan sama da shekaru ashirin. Ya fito ne daga yankin Jebel Mara a tsakiyar Darfur, yammacin Sudan . An girmama shi sosai saboda aikinsa kan Batutuwan kare hakkin dan adam a Sudan, ya karbi lambar yabo ta Human Rights Watch a shekara ta 2005, lambar yabo ta kare hakkin dan Adam ta kasa da kasa daga kungiyar lauyoyin Amurka a shekara ta 2006, kuma an haɗa shi cikin European Voices 50 mafi yawan mutane a Turai a shekara ta 2007. Har ila yau, a cikin 2007 Majalisar Tarayyar Turai ta kada kuri'a tare don ba shi Kyautar Sakharov don 'Yanci na Tunanin 

An tsare shi sau uku saboda jaruntakar da ya yi wajen kare hakkin dan adam, amma ba a taba tuhumar shi da wani laifi ba.

A shekara ta 2005, an nada shi a Majalisar Dokokin Sudan inda yake aiki don inganta sake fasalin shari'a da kafa mulkin doka a Sudan.

## Manazarta
Lena Schilling

**Lena Schilling** (an haife ta a ranar 8 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2001 a Vienna) 'yar gwagwarmayar yanayi ce ta Austriya. Ita ce babbar 'yar takarar jam'iyyar Green Party ta Austrian a zaben majalisar dokokin Turai na 2024. 

## Rayuwa
Schilling tana karatun kimiyyar siyasa a Jami'ar Vienna . Ta kasance mai fafutukar yanayi a cikin ƙungiyar Jumma'a don Makomar . A cikin 2019, ta bayyana a taron kungiyar Austrian Association of Municipalities, tare da shugaban ƙasa da shugaban ƙasar Austria, da kuma shugaban Majalisar Kasa.&nbsp;

She founded the organisation *Jugendrat* ("youth council"),&nbsp;which occupied the Vienna Lobautunnel construction site in protest.&nbsp;She is the spokesperson for the “Austrian Supply Chain Act Initiative” with Veronika Bohrn Mena and Daniela Brodesser. At the beginning of 2021, she was described on FM4 as “perhaps the most politically active young woman in the country.” &nbsp;At the end of 2021, she took part in a   panel discussion in the “Im Zentrum” series.

A ranar 22 ga watan Janairun 2024, Werner Kogler ne ya zaba ta, kuma a ranar 24 ga watan Fabrairu Green Federal Party Congress ta tabbatar da ita a matsayin babbar 'yar takarar Austrian Greens don zaben Majalisar Tarayyar Turai na 2024.  

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2024, Schilling ta sauka zuwa matsayi na biyu na ƙarshe a cikin ƙididdigar amincewar 'yan siyasa na APA-OGM na Austria,  bayan ya zama sananne cewa ta yi magana da abokan hulɗa game da barin Greens da sauyawa zuwa jam'iyyar Hagu bayan zaben Majalisar Tarayyar Turai na 2024. Schilling ya musanta zargin.

Ya zuwa Mayu 2024, Schilling ta bayyana ayyukanta na hukuma a matsayin marubucin da kuma malamin rawa.

Kyautar MEP ta 2025 ta amince da Schilling a matsayin Gwarzon Matasa na Shekara.

## Rikici
Tun bayan wani rahoto daga jaridar Der Standard, Lena Schilling ta kasance a karkashin zargi game da mutuntakarta.

A ranar 7 ga Mayu 2024, Der Standard ta buga zarge-zarge da yawa a kan Schilling biyo bayan bincike mai zurfi. Binciken ya gano cewa Schilling ya yi iƙirarin ƙarya cewa abokin tsohon abokinta ne ke da alhakin zubar da ciki saboda tashin hankali na gida. Lena Schilling ta sanya hannu kan umarnin kotu. A wani lamari, Schilling ya zargi wani dan jaridar talabijin da cin zarafin jima'i; binciken cikin gida ya karyata wannan. An ruwaito cewa Schilling ta kirkiro nata soyayya tare da ɗan jaridar talabijin Martin Thür . Lokacin da aka karyata wannan, ta zargi ɗan jarida da yin dangantaka da sauran mambobin Green Party. Bayan zaben Turai a watan Yunin 2024, Schilling a bayyane ya sanya hannu kan takarda, ya yarda cewa ba ta da dangantaka da Thür.

A watan Yunin 2024 an gano cewa der Standard ya keta ka'idar girmamawa ta majalisun manema labarai na Austriya a cikin rahotonsu game da dan takarar a lokacin,  yayin da tashar kanta ta dage cewa duk wata sanarwa da aka yi a cikin labarinsu game da Schilling ta dogara ne akan bincike mai ƙarfi kuma za ta tsaya a kotu. 

## Manazarta
Ƙaddamar da Auna Haƙƙin Dan Adam

The Human Rights Measurement Initiative (**HRMI**) kungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke zaune a Wellington, New Zealand .  An kafa shi a cikin 2016 ta Anne-Marie Brook, K. Chad Clay, da Susan Randolph, ƙwararrun ƴan Adam da tattalin arziki. wanda ya lura da wani gibi a cikin bayanan haƙƙin ɗan adam mai sauƙi da fahimta. HRMI tana samar da bayanan ma'auni kyauta, yana taƙaita ayyukan haƙƙin ɗan adam a cikin ƙasashe na duniya. Sun yi imanin cewa idan aka tsara matakai masu kyau, za a sami sauƙin inganta haƙƙin ɗan adam a duniya.

## Hanyar da ake amfani da ita
Za'a iya samun bayanan HRMI na ma'auni kuma a bincika ta amfani da Rights Tracker .  Amfani da Haƙƙin Tracker, mutum na iya bincika ayyuka ga ƙasashe ɗaya ɗaya, haƙƙoƙi, ko takamaiman ƙungiyoyin mutane waɗanda ke cikin haɗari don cin zarafinsu. 

HRMI a halin yanzu tana auna jimlar haƙƙin ɗan adam 13, gami da Ingancin 'Yancin Rayuwa,  Tsaro daga' Yancin Jiha,  da' Yancin Karfafawa.  Suna da niyyar ci gaba da fadada ma'aunin su ta hanyar samar da ma'auni wanda ke rufe cikakken haƙƙin da ke cikin dokar ƙasa da ƙasa, musamman tarin yarjejeniyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa da aka sani da Dokar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya.

Hanyar Auna Haƙƙin Dan Adam don auna yancin ɗan adam da na siyasa ya keɓanta da fagen haƙƙin ɗan adam. Sun dogara ne akan hanyar da aka yi bita na tsarawa akan binciken harsuna da yawa na masana haƙƙin ɗan adam daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Wannan tsarin yana aiki don magance wahalar auna haƙƙin ɗan adam da na siyasa ta hanyar samun bayanai kai tsaye daga masu bincike da masu aikin haƙƙin ɗan adam waɗanda ke sa ido kan abubuwan da ke faruwa a kowace ƙasa. Bayanan su na tattalin arziki da na zamantakewa sun fito ne daga Cibiyar Kula da Hakkin Tattalin Arziki da Tattalin Ruwa (SERF), wanda Sakiko Fukuda-Parr, Terra Lawson-Remer, da Susan Randolph suka kirkira. A cikin 2019, an ba da hanyar su lambar yabo ta Grawemeyer don Ideas Inganta Tsarin Duniya . An gina wannan bayanan ne daga kwatankwacin duniya, wanda ke samuwa a fili, bayanan da aka yi amfani da su, kamar kididdiga game da mutuwar jarirai da rajistar makaranta.

## Tasirin
An ambaci bayanan HRMI ta hanyar wallafe-wallafen da suka hada da *[[The Guardian]]*  da *Al Jazeera* .  Bugu da ƙari, an yi amfani da bayanan HRMI ta wallafe-wallafe daban-daban na ilimi, shawarwari da rahotannin gwamnati, cibiyoyin kare hakkin ɗan adam, da ƙari.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Peggy Oki

**Peggy E. Oki** (an haife ta a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 1956)  'yar wasan kankara ce ta Amurka, mai hawan igiyar ruwa, mai zane, kuma mai fafutukar kare muhalli.  Ta kasance memba na asali na Z-Boys kuma ta yi gasa tare da Zephyr Competition Team a cikin 1970s. Ita ce kadai mace a cikin Z-Boys. 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Oki a Los Angeles, California,  ga Ben Oki da Sadako Oki. Mahaifinta dan asalin Sakramento ne. Iyalinta sun fito ne daga Hiroshima, Japan. Oki ya girma a Yammacin Los Angeles, a wani yanki da ake kira Dogtown daga baya. Mahaifinta ya sayi Oki (da ɗan'uwanta) allon farko lokacin da take 'yar shekara 10 daga kantin sayar da kayayyaki na Fedco. Ta ce allon Black Knight ne tare da "Fred Flintstone (tsarin dutse) ƙafafun dutse".

A shekara ta 1973, Oki ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Venice.

Tana da AA a ilmin halitta daga Kwalejin Birnin Santa Monica, da kuma AA a cikin zane-zane masu kyau da na studio (tare da girmamawa) daga Kwaleji ta Birnin Santa Barbara . Oki ya sami BFA a zane daga Kwalejin Nazarin Kwarewa a UCSB tare da jaddada Fasahar muhalli.

## Ayyuka
A cikin shekarun 1970s, yayin da yake halartar Kwalejin Birnin Santa Monica, Oki ya fara wasan motsa jiki a kan asalin Zephyr Competition Team wanda aka fi sani da Z-Boys .  Oki, wacce ta kasance mai hawan igiyar ruwa da kuma mahayin motocross, ta sadu da mai tsalle-tsalle Jay Adams, wanda ya tambaye ta idan tana so ta shiga ƙungiyar Zephyr. Ta tafi shagon Jeff Ho na Jeff Ho Surfboards da Zephyr Productions a kan Main Street a Venice, inda ƙungiyar ta kasance, kuma ta shiga ƙungiyar.

An bayyana salon skateboarding na Oki a matsayin raw da gritty.

A watan Maris na shekara ta 1975, ta dauki matsayi na farko a gasar Freestyle ta mata a gasar tseren skateboarding ta Del Mar Nationals .  Ta ce ba ta jin daɗin siyasa na gasa ko lokacin jira inda ba a yi wasan kwaikwayo da yawa ba, don haka ta daina jim kadan bayan taron Del Mar.

Tun daga shekara ta 1998, Oki ya yi aiki a matsayin mai zane-zane mai zaman kansa da mai zane-zanen zane-zane da ke sayar da katunan fasaha masu kyau a matsayin Oki Designs . Oki ya kuma yi aiki mai zaman kansa a fannonin shimfidar wuri da zane-zane.

A shekara ta 2001, ta fito a fim din *Dogtown da Z-Boys* . 

Daga 2003 zuwa 2008, ta koyar da fasaha a Kwalejin Birnin Santa Barbara, Ci gaba da Ilimi da shirye-shiryen fasaha na matasa ta hanyar Majalisar Fasaha ta Carpinteria Valley . 

A watan Maris na shekara ta 2004, ta kafa aikin Origami Whales don wayar da kan jama'a game da kamun kifi na kasuwanci a Japan, Norway, da Iceland.

Tun daga shekara ta 2011, ta kasance mai koyar da fasahar muhalli a shirin Whales da Dolphins na Origami Whales Project. Shirin yana aiki tare da dalibai don ilimantar da su game da barazanar da ɗan adam ya haifar ga cetaceans da wuraren zama na teku inda suke zaune.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Oki ta tafi vegan a shekara ta 2001 saboda dalilai na ɗabi'a, kuma kafin hakan ta kasance mai cin ganyayyaki.

Tana da hannu a cikin ayyuka da yawa kamar yoga, skateboarding, hawan dutse, kuma ta kasance mai hawan igiyar ruwa na tsawon rai.

## Manazarta
Kevin Patel

**Kevin J. Patel** (an haife shi a ranar 23 ga Satumba, 2000) ɗan gwagwarmayar shari'ar yanayi ne kuma mai shirya al'umma. Patel ya raba kwarewarsa a bayyane a matsayin mai fafutukar yanayin da aka gano yana da matsalolin numfashi. Shi ne kuma wanda ya kafa kuma babban darakta na OneUpAction, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke karkashin jagorancin matasa ta duniya da ke zaune a Amurka wacce ke tallafawa matasa da aka ware ta hanyar samar musu da albarkatu don haifar da canji a cikin al'ummominsu.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Kevin J. Patel yana zaune tare da mahaifinsa, mahaifiyarsa, da ɗan'uwansa, a Los Angeles, California. Ya girma a Kudancin Tsakiyar Los-Angeles .  Ya yi karatu a makarantar Carver Middle School, inda ya fara ba da shawara. Daga nan sai ya tafi Santee Education Complex, inda ya fara kulob din muhalli na farko. A cikin 2019, ya shiga cikin Yunkurin Yunkurin Yanayi na Matasa na LA .  Ya kasance jagora a ranar Jumma'a don Kudancin California na gaba. Ya zuwa 2020, Patel ya fara shekara ta biyu a Jami'ar Loyola Marymount   inda yake karatun Kimiyya ta Siyasa. A cikin 2021, ya shiga cikin kwamitin "Taking Action for People and the Planet".

## Yunkurin fafutuka
A cikin 2012, Patel ya yi aiki tare da al'ummarsa, yana koyar da takwarorinsa game da rashin daidaito na abinci a cikin Kudancin Los Angeles a makarantar Carver Middle School . Daga baya a cikin 2013, an gano shi da bugun zuciya / bugun zuciya mara kyau wanda ya yi iƙirarin wani bangare ne saboda rashin ingancin iska na Los Angeles..

A cikin 2019, ya kafa OneUpAction International  kuma ta hanyar aikinsa, ya haɗa kai da al'ummarsa don ƙirƙirar Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Matasa ta farko a cikin Gundumar Los Angeles  a kokarin fadada muryoyin matasa kan rikicin yanayi. Patel jakadan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ne na Togetherband don Ci gaba mai dorewa 13 & 14 kuma mai binciken ƙasa na kasa. Patel yana aiki a kan Youthtopia World Circle of Youth Council, Majalisar Ba da Shawara kan Yanayi,  itatuwan 1 Trillion na Taron Tattalin Arziki na Duniya Majalisar Masu Amincewa ta Amurka,  da kuma Majalisar Muhalli ta Intersectional. OneUpAction kungiya ce mai fafutuka da ke karkashin jagorancin matasa wacce Patel ta kafa a cikin 2019 tana aiki don samar da albarkatu ga masu ba da shawara ga matasa.

## Manazarta
Matasa

Mature shine nau'in Maduro es la forma adjetiva de madurez, ya que inmadura es la forma adjetiva de inmadurez, que tiene varios significados.

na balaga, kamar yadda rashin balaga shine nau'i na adjectivel na rashin balaga, wanda ke da ma'anoni da yawa.

Mature ko **Rashin girma** na iya nufin:matasa

* Mature, wani hali daga jerin King of Fighters
* "Mature 17+", ƙididdiga a cikin tsarin ƙididdigar wasan bidiyo na Entertainment Software Rating Board
* Victor Mature (1913-1999), ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka
* Immature (band), ƙungiyar yara ta Amurka

## Dubi kuma

* Manya (disambiguation) 
* Girma (disambiguation) 
* Girma (disambiguation) 
* Farfadowa
Natio

**Natio** na iya nufin:Natio

* Al'umma, a matsayin asalin kalmar Latin
* Nation (jami'a), ƙungiyar ɗalibai a jami'o'i na dā da na zamani
* Natio Hungarica, kalmar ga mutanen Hungary ba tare da la'akari da asalin kabilansu ba

## Dubi kuma

* Al'umma (disambiguation)
Ingantawa da rawar da jama'a ke takawa

Ingantawa da matsayi na zamantakewa (**SRV**) hanya ce don inganta rayuwar mutanen da ke da matsayi mara kyau a cikin al'umma.  (A cikin ƙasashen Burtaniya, kalma ta uku a cikin kalmar yawanci ana rubuta ta da daraja, amma taƙaice iri ɗaya ne.) 

SRV ya dace da mutanen da saboda kowane dalili ba su da wadata, ana nuna musu wariya, An ware su, kuma in ba haka ba an sanya su cikin matsayi mara kyau a cikin al'ummarsu. Wannan ya haɗa da waɗanda ba su da daraja, na launin fata, kabilanci, addini, ko ƙungiyar siyasa, tare da kowane irin rauni na jiki ko tunani, waɗanda suka tsufa inda matasa suke da daraja sosai, waɗanda ke da ƙwarewa kaɗan ko waɗanda ba a so, waɗanda aka ɗaure su ba bisa ka'ida ba, baƙi ne masu tsanani, ko marasa lafiya, suna da rikici ko rashin daidaituwa a cikin jima'i da halayensu, ko kuma suna keta ƙa'idodin al'umma masu muhimmanci. Yawancin membobin waɗannan azuzuwan suna karɓar ko dai sabis na al'ada ko na al'adu, wanda iyalai, makarantu, asibitoci, hukumomin jin dadin jama'a, da dai sauransu suka bayar. SRV ya dace da kowane irin sabis na ɗan adam, a fannonin ilimi, farfadowa, ilimin halayyar mutum, aikin zamantakewa, magani, ɗaurin kurkuku / gyare-gyare, da sauransu.

Wolf Wolfensberger ne ya tsara SRV a shekarar 1983. Ya haɓaka SRV a matsayin magajinsa ga "Principle of Normalization in Human Services,"  wanda ya samo asali ne a Scandinavia a farkon shekarun 1960 (Nirje, a shekarar 1969). Ya ci gaba da gabatar da SRV a duk faɗin Arewacin Amurka, da kuma Ingila, Faransa, da Australasia.

An kafa kungiyar SRV ta kasa da kasa a cikin shekara ta 2013 don inganta ingantaccen matsayi na zamantakewa (SRV), ilimi, kimantawa, da jagoranci don taimakawa mutane da kungiyoyi don aiwatar da ra'ayoyin SRV don mutane masu rauni su sami damar yin amfani da abubuwa masu kyau a rayuwa.

## Dubi kuma

* Daidaitawa (mutane masu nakasa) 
* Wolf Wolfensberger
* Haɗin kan al'umma

## Manazarta
2017 taron canjin yanayi na zamani

**Babban taron canjin yanayi na duniya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya** (Cop23) ya zama taron kasashen waje na shugabannin siyasa, 'yan wasan da ba na jita ba ne kuma masu fafutuka don tattauna lamuran muhalli. An gudanar da shi a harabar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Bonn, Jamus, yayin 6-17 Nuwamba 2017. Taron ya hada da taron kungiyar 23 ga bangarorin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Cliseate (CMPCC), taron uku na taron jam'iyyar (CMp3), kuma zaman farko na jam'iyyun (CM1-2 ko CMA1.2).

Dalilin taron shine tattaunawa da aiwatar da tsare-tsaren game da kamuwa da canjin yanayi, gami da cikakkun bayanai game da yadda yarjejeniyar Paris zata yi aiki bayan ta shiga cikin ƙarfi a 2020. Firayim Minista na Firayim Ministan Fiji, Frank Bainimarama, na farko lokacin da wani karamin jihar ci gaba ya dauki matsayin shugaban tattaunawar. Gwamnatin Jamus ta tanada wata babbar tallafi wanda ya kai fiye da miliyan 117 miliyan) don gina wuraren taron taron.

Kodayake Col23 da aka mayar da hankali kan cikakken bayani game da yarjejeniyar Paris, wani taron na farko ne daga cikin shugaban kasa Donald Trump sun ba da sanarwar cewa Us. zai janye.

Cop23 Kammalawa da abin da aka kira shi 'Fiji

## Baya

### Sakamako
An yi ci gaba mai mahimmanci a kan abin da ake kira da jagororin Aikin Paris - wanda aka fi sani da Jami'in Paris - wanda shine cikakkun bayanai waɗanda zasu yi aiki a aikace. Cop23 ya haifar da Aiji Bangarorin zasu buƙaci kammala jagororin aiwatarwa a Cop24.

A CHOP23, Shugaban Fijian ya sanar da yadda ya shafi batun tattaunawar Talanoa - san shi a matsayin tattaunawar masu gyara. Tattaunawar Talanoa ta kasance ta hanyar yin aiki da juna don ba da damar kasashe don cimma nasarar cimma burinta da aka ƙaddara ta 2020. Tattaunawar Talanoa wani abu ne mai tsari ga jari a duniya wanda zai faru kowace shekara biyar, da farko a shekarar 2023.

Wani rikici ya fara fitowa tsakanin ƙasashe masu tasowa da kuma ƙasashe sama da Pre-2020. A ranar farko ta taron, kasashe masu tasowa, ciki har da Sin da Indiya, sun nemi yanke hukuncin da za a yi kafin 2020 a ƙarƙashin Protocol na Kyoto. Kasashe masu tasowa sun yi tsayayya da wannan bukatar, suna jayayya cewa an tattauna wannan batun a wasu tattaunawa. A ƙarshe, jam'iyyun sun amince da gudanar da ƙarin zaman hada-hadar da ke cikin 2018 da kuma 2019 don sake nazarin ci gaba a cikin 2018 da Spain, sunada gyara Doha, sun mallaki gyara Doha a lokacin Col23. Har ila yau, Siriya ta sanar da cewa za ta sa hannu kan yarjejeniyar Paris, ta bar Amurka kamar yadda kasar ta yi watsi da yarjejeniyar.

Kasashe masu tasowa da kasashe masu tasowa sun kuma amince da gudanar da kwararrun tattaunawar da lalacewa ta hanyar wadanda abin ya shafa na gaba kuma zai sanar da bita na gaba a cikin shekarar 2019.

Karues ya kai hukuncin tarihi a kan aikin gona bayan shekaru shida na dadewa. Yarjejeniyar ta kafa aikin hadin gwiwar Koronivia kan aikin noma don ci gaba da aiwatar da sabbin dabaru don yin tsira da daidaituwar noma. 

Har ila yau, jam'iyyar ta zartar da shirin jinsi da kuma al'ummomin yankin da kuma dandamalin kasar Sin, waɗanda aka tsara su don ƙara sa hannu a al'adun tattaunawa. 

## Manazarta
Wuri

A cikin yankin ƙasa, ana amfani da ***'wuri***' ko wuri don nuna yanki (ma'ana, layi, ko yanki) a saman Duniya. Kalmar **'wuri**' gabaɗaya tana nuna matsayi mafi girma na tabbaci fiye da wuri, ƙarshen sau da yawa yana nuna wani abu mai iyaka mai rikitarwa, yana dogara da halayen ɗan adam ko zamantakewa na ainihi da ma'anar wuri fiye da lissafi. Ana kiran wurin da ke da mazauna zama.

## Nau'o'in

### Garin
Wata yankin, ƙauye, ko wurin da ke da mazauna na iya samun sunan da aka ƙayyade sosai amma iyakar da ba a ƙayyade ta da kyau ta bambanta da mahallin. Landan, alal misali, tana da iyakar doka, amma wannan ba zai iya dacewa da amfani gaba ɗaya ba.Yankin da ke cikin gari, kamar Covent Garden a London, kuma kusan koyaushe yana da wasu rashin tabbas game da girmansa. a cikin yanayin ƙasa, ana ɗaukar wuri ya fi dacewa fiye da "wuri".

### Yanayin da ya dace
An bayyana wani wuri na dangi, ko halin da ake ciki, a matsayin motsi daga wani shafin. Misali shine "3 mil arewa maso yammacin Seattle".

### Cikakken wuri

Za'a iya sanya cikakken wuri ta amfani da takamaiman nau'i-nau'i na latitude da longitude a cikin grid na daidaitawa na Cartesian (alal misali, tsarin daidaitawa na spherical ko tsarin tushen ellipsoid kamar Tsarin Geodetic na Duniya) ko makamantansu hanyoyin. Misali, ana iya bayyana matsayin Birnin New York a Amurka ta amfani da tsarin daidaitawa a matsayin wurin 40.7128 ° N (latitude), 74.0060 ° W (Matsayi cikakke ma wurare ne na dangi, tunda har ma an bayyana cikakkun wurare dangane da wani abu..misali, longitude shine yawan digiri na gabas ko yammacin Firayim Meridian, layin da aka zaba don wucewa ta Greenwich, Ingila. hakazalika, latitude shine yawan digiri arewa ko kudu na ma'auni. Saboda latitude da longitude suna bayyana dangane da waɗannan layin, matsayin da aka bayyana a latitude da longitud kuma wuri ne na *Dangi*.

## Dubi kuma

* Geocode - Lambar da ke wakiltar wani yanki (wuri ko abu) 
* Yanayin ƙasa - Wani abu mai ban mamaki da ke wanzu a wani wuri a duniya
* Tsarin daidaita yanayin ƙasa - Tsarin don ƙayyade wurare a funiya
* Geopositioning - bayyana ainihin matsayin duniya na wani abu
* Tsarin Matsayi na duniya (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) GPS)  - Sabis ɗin kewayawar rediyo na tauraron dan adam na Amurka
* Yankin (yanayin ƙasa) 
* Wurin, Wurin, Yanayin
* Wurin Wurin Australia

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje

*
Pablo Solón Romero

**Pablo Solón Romero** ya yi aiki a matsayin Jakadan Jihar Bolivia a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya daga Fabrairu 2009 zuwa Yuli 2011. Shi ne ɗan sanannen Mai zane-zane na Bolivia Walter Solón Romero Gonzáles . Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban darektan Focus on the Global South, wani mai fafutuka mai tunani wanda ke zaune a Bangkok daga 2012 zuwa 2015.

## Ayyuka
Kafin ya zama Jakada a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Pablo Solón Romero ya yi aiki a matsayin mai fafutuka na shekaru da yawa tare da kungiyoyin zamantakewa daban-daban, ƙungiyoyin 'yan asalin ƙasar, ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata, ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai, ƙungiyoyin haƙƙin ɗan adam da ƙungiyoyin al'adu a Bolivia.

A karkashin gwamnatin Shugaba Evo Morales, ya yi aiki a matsayin Jakada don batutuwan da suka shafi Haɗin kai da Ciniki, Sakataren Tarayyar Kudancin Amurka (UNASUR) (Disamba 2006 zuwa Mayu 2008) da kuma wakili a cikin Kwamitin Tunanin Dabarun Haɗin Kudancin Amirka (2006).

A matsayinsa na Jakadan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Solón ya jagoranci shawarwari masu nasara kan 'Yancin Dan Adam ga Ruwa, Ranar Uwar Duniya ta Duniya, Harmony tare da Yanayi, da' Yancin 'Yan asalin ƙasar. Ya kasance mai aiki sosai a tattaunawar canjin yanayi a karkashin UNFCCC, kuma ya taimaka wajen shirya Taron Jama'ar Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi a Cochabamba, Bolivia a cikin 2010. 

A COP16, taron UNFCCC a Cancun, ya kare matsayi mai karfi daga Bolivia. 

Ya shiga a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2011 a cikin Durban COP17 kuma ya ba da shawarar a can cewa lokaci ya yi da za a canza yadda muke hulɗa da yanayi da kuma dawo da jituwa da yanayi. Da yake sukar iyakokin abin da ake kira "tattalin arzikin kore" ya bayyana cewa: Dangantakar yanzu da yanayi ta hanyar kasuwa ce. Dole ne ku sayi shi. Matsalar da ke tattare da tattalin arzikin kore ita ce suna cewa jari-hujja ya gaza saboda ba mu sanya farashi a kan yanayi ba. Daida ita ce ba ku kula da abin da ba shi da farashi. Dole ne mu canza tsarin yadda muke hulɗa da Uwar Duniya. Ba matsala ce ta diyya ba. Tattalin arzikin muhalli zai hada da dukiyar ku ya lalace.

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2012, an ba da sanarwar cewa Solón ya zama babban darakta na kungiyar NGO mai zaman kanta ta Bangkok Focus on the Global South inda ya yi aiki a kan batun canjin yanayi kuma ya inganta sanarwar kan 'Yancin Uwar Duniya . http://pablosolon.wordpress.com/2012/04/04/its-the-time-of-the-rights-of-mother-earth/ A watan Satumbar 2012, ya halarci tarurruka da yawa na Jami'ar bazara na kungiyar NGO Attac a Toulouse (Faransa). A watan Yunin 2015, Pablo Solon ya yi murabus a matsayin babban darakta don komawa Bolivia.

## Kyaututtuka
An ba Pablo Solón lambar yabo ta kasa da kasa ta 2011 ta hanyar Global Exchange.

## Manazarta