open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Vientiane

**Vientiane** / / v i ˌɛnti ˈɑːn / vee- EN - vee- AHN,  French: [vjɛ̃tjan] ; Lao   , *Viangchan*, pronounced [ʋíːəŋ tɕàn] ) babban birni ne kuma birni mafi girma a Laos . An raba Vientiane bisa hukuma zuwa birane ƙwara 9 tare da jimlar yanki kusan Fadin kilomita murabba'i 3,920 kuma yana kan bankunan Mekong, kusa da iyakar Thailand. Vientiane shi ne babban birnin gudanarwa a lokacin mulkin Faransa kuma, saboda ci gaban tattalin arziki a cikin ƴan lokutan, yanzu shine cibiyar tattalin arzikin Laos. Garin yana da yawan jama'a 1,001,477 kamar na ƙidayar 2023.

An lura da Vientiane a matsayin gidan manyan abubuwan tarihi na ƙasa a Laos - Pha That Luang - wanda sanannen alamar Laos ne kuma alamar Buddha a Laos . Hakanan Kuma ana iya samun wasu manyan wuraren bauta na Buddha a Laos a can kuma, kamar Haw Phra Kaew, wanda a da ya ke da Emerald Buddha.

Birnin ya karbi bakuncin wasan 25th Southeast Asian Games a watan Dicemaba na shekara ta 2009, domin murnar cikar Southeast Asian Games shekara 50 da kafuwa.


File:Pha_That_Luang..JPG|Pha That Luang, Vientiane
File:Wat_Si_Muang.jpg|Wat Si Muang

## Manazarta
Arewacin Asiya

**Arewancin Asiya**, wadda aka fi sani da Central Asia a Turanci, shine nahiyar dake dauke da cikin kasashen kamar su Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, da Uzbekistan. Tana da ƙasashen da ke karkashin duniya, tare da Iran da Russia. 

**Arewancin [[Asiya]]** ta gabatar da wasu babban yankuna, kamar haka: Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Pashtuns, Tajiks, Kyrgyz, Balochs, Hazaras, Turkmens, da Hausa. Wasu daga cikin duniya na turawa suka fitar da shekaru daban kusan nukiliyar guda biyu da goma sha shida zuwa Arewancin Asiya, tare da cameko da farashin sanyi. 

## Manazarta
St. George's

**St. George's** ( Grenadian Creole Faransanci : *Sen Jòj* )  shine babban birnin Grenada. Garin yana kewaye da wani tudu na wani Tsohon Dutse wanda ke aman wuta kuma yana kan tashar jiragen ruwa yana da siffar takalmi.

St. George's sanannen wuri ne na yawon shakatawa na Caribbean . Garin ya ci gaba a shekarun baya, yayin da yake kiyaye tarihinta, al'adunsa, da muhallinta. Jòj (Saint George's) take, shine gidan Makarantar Magungunan Jami'ar St. George da Maurice Bishop International Airport . Babban abin da ake fitarwa shine wake koko (cacao), nutmeg, da kayan yaji.

 

## Manazarta
Sarajevo

**Sarajevo** ita ce cibiyar siyasa, kuɗi, zamantakewa da al'adu ta Bosnia da Herzegovina kuma fitacciyar cibiyar al'adu a cikin ƙasashen Balkan. Tana ba da tasiri ga yanki gaba ɗaya a cikin nishaɗi, kafofin watsa labarai, salo da fasaha.   Saboda dogon tarihinta na bambancin addini da al'adu, Sarajevo wani lokaci ana kiranta " Urushalima ta Turai"  ko "Urushalima ta Balkans".  Tana ɗaya daga cikin wasu manyan biranen Turai don samun masallaci, cocin Katolika, cocin Orthodox na Gabas, da majami'a a cikin unguwa ɗaya.  

## Manazarta
Santo Domingo

**Santo Domingo** ( Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsanto ðoˈmiŋɡo] ma'ana " Saint Dominic ", wanda aka fi sani da **Santo Domingo de Guzmán** da **Ciudad Trujillo**, ya kasance babban birnin kuma mafi girma a Jamhuriyar Dominican kuma yanki mafi girma a cikin Caribbean da yawan jama'a.  Tun daga shekarar 2022, birni da yankin da ke kewaye da shi ( Distrito Nacional ) yana da yawan jama'a 1,484,789, yayin da jimlar yawan jama'a 2,995,211 ya haɗa da Babban Santo Domingo (" yankin birni "). Garin yana da iyaka da iyakokin Distrito Nacional ("DN", " Gundumar Kasa "), ita kanta lardin Santo Domingo ya yi iyaka da bangarori uku.

Mutanen Espanya ne suka kafa shi a cikin shekara 1496, a gabashin gabar kogin Ozama sannan Nicolás de Ovando ya motsa shi a cikin 1502 zuwa gabar yammacin kogin, birnin shine mafi tsufa mazaunan Turai mazauna Amurka a Amurka, kuma shine wurin zama na farko. na mulkin mallaka na Spain a cikin Sabuwar Duniya, Babban Kyaftin Janar na Santo Domingo . Yana da wurin da farko jami'a, Cathedral, castle, sufi, da kuma sansanin soja a cikin Sabuwar Duniya . UNESCO ta ayyana yankin Mallaka na birnin a matsayin Gidan Tarihi na Duniya .   Ana kiran Santo Domingo **Ciudad Trujillo** ( Spanish pronunciation: [sjuˈðað tɾuˈxiʝo] ), daga 1936 zuwa 1961, bayan kama-karya na Jamhuriyar Dominican, Rafael Trujillo, ya sanya wa babban birnin sunan kansa. Bayan kashe shi, birnin ya koma matsayinsa na asali.

## Tarihi

Kafin zuwan Christopher Columbus a shekara ta 1492, 'yan asalin ƙasar Taíno sun mamaye tsibirin da suke kira *Quisqueya*, **Kiskella** (mahaifiyar dukkan ƙasashe) da *Ayiti* (ƙasar manyan duwatsu), wanda daga bisani Columbus ya kira Hispaniola, ciki har da yankin, wanda ake kira Jamhuriyar Haiti a yau. A lokacin, yankin tsibirin ya ƙunshi sarakuna guda biyar: Marién, Maguá, Maguana, Jaragua, da Higüey.  *Caciques* (shugabannin) Guacanagarix, Guarionex, Caonabo, Bohechío, da Cayacoa ne suka mallaki waɗannan bi da bi.

Farawa daga 1493, lokacin da Mutanen Espanya suka zauna a tsibirin, kuma bisa hukuma daga 5 ga Agusta 1498, Santo Domingo ya zama birni mafi tsufa na Turai a cikin Amurka. Bartholomew Columbus ya kafa mazaunin kuma ya sanya masa suna La Nueva Isabela, bayan wani yanki na farko a arewa mai suna bayan Sarauniyar Spain Isabella I.  A cikin 1495 an sake masa suna "Santo Domingo", don girmama Saint Dominic . An san Santo Domingo a matsayin "Ƙofar Caribbean" da kuma babban gari a Hispaniola tun daga lokacin.  Ziyarar da ta kai ga mamayar Ponce de León na Puerto Rico, da Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar na Cuba, da Hernando Cortes ta mamaye Mexico, da Vasco Núñez de Balboa na ganin Tekun Pacific daga Santo Domingo.

## Manazarta
Djenné

**Djenné** ( Bambara; wanda kuma aka fi sani da **Djénné**, **Jenné** da **Jenne** ) birni na mutanen Songhai kuma alkarya a yankin farfajiyar kasa ta Neja-Delta ta tsakiyar Mali. Garin shine cibiyar gudanarwa na Djenné Cercle, ɗaya daga cikin yankuna takwas na Yankin Mopti. Alkaryar ta ƙunshi ƙauyuka goma da ke kewaye sannan a shekarata 2009 tana da yawan jama'a 32,944.

Tarihin Djenné yana da alaƙa da na Timbuktu. Tsakanin ƙarni na 15 zuwa 17 yawancin kasuwancin yakunan-Sahara da kayayyaki irinsu gishiri, zinare, da bayi waɗanda ake kai-kawo aciki da wajen garin  Timbuktu har zuwa Djenné. Duk garuruwan biyu sun zama cibiyoyi na tallafin karatu na Musulunci. Wadatar Djenné ta dogara ne akan wannan ciniki kuma lokacin da mutanen Fotugul suka kafa wuraren kasuwanci a gabar tekun Afirka, mahimmancin cinikin da ke tsakanin sahara da haka Djenné ya ƙi.

Garin ya shahara da kebantaccen gine-ginen adobe, musamman babban masallacin da aka gina a shekara ta 1907 a filin wani tsohon masallacin. A kudancin garin akwai Djenné-Djenno, daya daga cikin sanannun garuruwan da ke yankin kudu da hamadar sahara . Djenné tare da Djenné-Djenno an sanya su a matsayin UNESCO ta UNESCO a cikin shekara ta 1988.

## Labarin kasa
Garin Djenné na tsakanin kilomita  daga arewa maso gabashin Bamako da kuma  daga kudu maso yammacin Mopti. Garin yana zaune ne a yankin da ke tsakanin kogin Neja da Kogin Bani a yankin kudancin Neja Delta. Garin ya mamaye yanki kusan 70 ha (kadada 170) kuma a lokacin ambaliya ta shekara-shekara, ta zama tsibiri da ake shiga ta hanyoyi. Kogin Bani na da nisa  daga kudu da garin kuma ana hayewa ta jirgin ruwa.

Ta fuskar gudanarwa kuwa, garin ya zama wani yanki na gundumar Djenné wanda ke da fadin murabba'in kilomita 302kmsq kuma ya ƙunshi birni da kuma ƙauyuka guda goma da ke kewaye: Ballé, Diabolo, Gomnikouboye, Kamaraga, Kéra, Niala, Soala, Syn, Velingara da Yenleda.  Alkaluman yawan jama'a na yankin sun hada da wadannan kauyuka. Garin ta hada iyaka da yankin arewa da alkaryar Ouro Ali da Derary, daga kudu kuma yankin Dandougou Fakala, daga gabas da kwaminonin Fakala da Madiama sannan daga yamma da karamar hukumar Pondori . Garin shine cibiyar gudanarwa ( *shuga-lieu* ) na Djenné Cercle, ɗaya daga cikin sassan gudanarwa takwas na Yankin Mopti.

## Manazarta
San Salvador

**San Salvador** ( Spanish pronunciation: [san salbaˈdoɾ] ;) ya kasance babban birni ne kuma birni mafi girma na kasar El Salvador kuma sanannen sashensane .  Ita ce cibiyar siyasa, al'adu, ilimi da kudi ta kasar.  Yankin Babban birni na San Salvador, wanda ya ƙunshi babban birnin kanta da 13 na gundumominsa, yana da yawan jama'a 2,404,097. Yankin birni na San Salvador yana da yawan mazaunan 1,600,000. 

Garin San Salvador gida ne ga *Consejo de Ministros de El Salvador* (Majalisar Ma'aikatun El Salvador), Majalisar Dokoki ta El Salvador, Kotun Koli na El Salvador, da sauran cibiyoyin gwamnati, da kuma mazaunin shugaban ƙasa na hukuma. El Salvador . San Salvador yana cikin tsaunukan Salvadoran, kewaye da dutsen mai aman wuta da girgizar ƙasa. Garin kuma gida ne ga Archdiocese na Roman Katolika na San Salvador, da kuma yawancin rassan Kiristanci na Furotesta, gami da masu bishara, Waliyai na Ƙarshe, Baptists, da Pentecostals . San Salvador tana da al'ummar Yahudawa mafi girma ta biyu a Amurka ta tsakiya  da kuma ƙaramar al'ummar musulmi. 

## Tarihi

Catedral Metropolitana de San Salvador.png|San Salvador Cathedral
SalvadorDelMundo.jpg|hagu|yatsa| Monumento al Divino Salvador del Mundo
Citi san salvador.jpg|hagu|yatsa| Torre Cuscatlan
World Trade Center San Salvador.jpg|hagu|yatsa| Torre Futura, Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya San Salvador
Salon Azul.jpg|hagu|yatsa| Majalisar dokokin El Salvador
Basilica-sagrado-corazon.jpg|hagu| babban yatsa | Basilica Sagrado Corazon de Jesus
Cathedral Santa Tecla Enero 2011.jpg|hagu| babban yatsa | Iglesia El Carmen
Parroquia María Auxiliadora El Salvador.jpg|hagu| babban yatsan | Parroquia María Auxiliadora Don Rua
Iglesia El Calvario en el Centro Historico de San Salvador.JPG|hagu| babban yatsa | Iglesia El Calvario


## Manazarta
Dodoma

**Dodoma** a hukumance **Birnin Dodoma**, shine babban birnin kasar Tanzaniya ne kuma babban birnin yankin Dodoma, mai yawan jama'a da suka kai 410,956. A cikin shekara ta 1974, gwamnatin Tanzaniya ta sanar da cewa za a mayar da babban birnin kasar zuwa Dodoma saboda dalilai na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da kuma mayar da babban birnin kasar a cikin kasar. Ya zama babban birnin hukuma a  shekara ta1996. Yawancin tsari na farko bai zo ba na dogon lokaci. Sakamakon haka, Dar es Salaam ya kasance babban birnin kasuwanci na Tanzaniya kuma har yanzu yana riƙe da gidan gwamnati Ikulu, da yawan ayyukan gwamnati.

## Tasawira
Ana zaune a tsakiyar ƙasar, garin yana da murabba in kilomita  daga yamma da tsohon babban birnin kasar a Dar es Salaam da kuma nisan kilomita   a kudu da Arusha, hedkwatar Al'ummar Gabashin Afirka . Yana da  arewa da Iringa ta hanyar Mtera. Hakanan yana da  yamma da Morogoro. Ya mamaye fili mai fadin  wanda ke da  birni ne.

## Tarihi

Asalin ƙaramin gari ne na kasuwa da aka fi sani da Idodomya, Dodoma na zamani an kafa shi ne a cikin shekarar 1907 da turawan mulkin mallaka na Jamus suk yi a yayin aikin ginin layin dogo na tsakiyar Tanzaniya . Tsarin ya bi tsarin mulkin mallaka na lokacin turai da aka ware daga ƙauyen asali.

## Hotuna

File:000_1333_Dodoma_Cathedral.JPG|Dodoma Cathedral.
File:Andrew_Mitchell_officially_opening_the_British_High_Commission,_Dodoma_Office.jpg|Andrew Mitchell a hukumance yana buɗe Babban Hukumar Biritaniya, Ofishin Dodoma.
File:UDOM_College_of_Informatics.png|UDOM College of Informatics.
File:University_of_Dodoma.jpg|Jami'ar Dodama
File:Kilimani_ward,_Dodoma_City_Counci.jpg|Kilimani ward, Dodoma City Council
File:Dodoma,_Tanzania..jpg|Dodama, Tanzania
File:Baobab,_Dodoma_City_Council.jpg|Baobab, Dodama City
Dodoma airport.jpg|Filin Jirgin sama na Dodama
Street in Viwandani ward, Dodoma City.jpg|Street in Viwandani ward, Dodoma City
Mosque in viwandani ward, Dodoma City.jpg|Massallaci a mazabar Viwandani, Dodama


## Manazarta
Birnin oman

**Kasar Oman** ta kasance ƙasa ce ta Larabawa dake yammacin yankin  Asiya. Tana kudu maso gabashin gabar tekun Larabawa, kuma ta ratsa bakin Tekun Fasha. Oman na da iyaka kasa da  kasar Saudiyya,  Daular Larabawa (Dubai), da Yemen, a lokaci guda tayi iyaka ta ruwa  iyakokin teku da Iran da Pakistan. Tekun Larabawa ne ke kudu maso gabas, da Gulf of Oman a arewa maso gabas. Daular Madha da Musandam na kewaye da Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa a kan iyakokinsu, tare da mashigin Hormuz (wanda ke da alaƙa da Iran) da mashigin tekun Oman sun kafa iyakokin Musandam. Muscat shine babban birnin ƙasar kuma birni mafi girma.

Daga karni na 17, Omani Sultanate wata daula ce, tana fafatawa da daulolin Fotigal da Birtaniyya don yin tasiri a Tekun Farisa da Tekun Indiya. A lokacin da yake kololuwa a cikin karni na 19, tasirin Omani da iko ya mamaye mashigin Hormuz zuwa Iran da Pakistan, har zuwa kudu da Zanzibar.A cikin karni na 20, sultanate ya zo ƙarƙashin rinjayar Burtaniya. Sama da shekaru 300, dangantakar da aka gina tsakanin masarautun biyu ta ginu ne bisa moriyar juna. Birtaniya ta amince da mahimmancin yankin Oman a matsayin cibiyar kasuwanci da ke tabbatar da hanyoyin kasuwancinsu a cikin Tekun Farisa da Tekun Indiya tare da kare daularsu a yankin Indiya. A tarihi, Muscat ita ce babbar tashar kasuwanci ta yankin Gulf Persian. Oman cikakkiyar masarauta ce wacce wani Sultan ke jagoranta. Qaboos bin Said shi ne Sultan daga 1970 har zuwa rasuwarsu a ranar 10 ga Janairu, 2020.Qaboos wanda ya rasu bai haihu ba, ya bayyana sunan dan uwansu Haitham bin Tariq a matsayin magajinsa a wata wasika, kuma iyalan sun tabbatar da su a matsayin Sarkin Oman. "Haitham bin Tariq sworn in as Oman's new sultan". Al Jazeera.

A hukumance,, Oman ita ce kasa mafi tsufa mai cin gashin kanta a cikin kasashen Larabawa.Mamba ce ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, kungiyar kasashen Larabawa, kungiyar hadin kan kasashen yankin Gulf, kungiyar masu rajin kare hakkin bil adama da kungiyar hadin kan musulmi. Tana da ajiyar mai a matsayi na 22 a duniya A shekarar 2010, shirin ci gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya sanya Oman a matsayin kasa mafi ci gaba a duniya a cikin shekaru 40 da suka gabata. Wani ɓangare na tattalin arzikinta ya haɗa da yawon shakatawa da cinikin kifi, dabino da sauran amfanin gona. Oman ta kasance cikin kasashe masu babban tattalin arziki ta hanyar samun manyan kudin shiga, a shekarar 2022, Oman ta zama 64th mafi zaman lafiya a duniya bisa ga bisa ga kididdigar Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya.

## Tushen Oman

Asalin sunan  Oman yayi kama da Pliny, Dattijan Omanaduka biyun mai yiwuwa tsohon Sohar neGarin ko yanki yawanci an ƙirƙira shi a cikin Larabci daga amen ko amoun ("mazauna" mutane, sabanin Badawiyya).

## Tarihi

## Manazarta
Hawan Daushe

**Hawan Daushe** ya kasance al'adar hawa ne da sarki kanyi a yayin bikin sallah karama ko Babba, inda mahaya dawaki tare da yan gari kanci kwalliya da ado don su tarbi sarki.

Manazarta

**Yadda aka yi hawan Daushe a Kano**

12 Aprilu 2024

Mai marataba Sarkin Kano, Alhaji Aminu Ado Bayero ya yi hawan Daushe da yammacin ranar Alhamis tare da hakimansa. Hawan Daushe zagaye ne da mai martaba Sarkin Kano ke yi tare da hakimansa nasa a kan dawakai cikin ado da farin ciki, inda mutanen gari kuma ke kai gaisuwa da caffa. Tawagar na farawa ne daga kofar arewa ko kuma kofar kwaru zuwa kofar kudu na masarautar ta Kano, inda ake sukuwa a gaban manyan baki daga gida da wajen Najeriya, kafin daga bisani Sarki ya yi ban bankwana ya shiga gida.

Jerin haye-hayen da ake yi a Kano:

* Hawan Sallah
* Hawan Daushe
* Hawan Nassarawa
* hawan fanisau
* Hawan Dorayi
Reykjavik

**Reykjavík** ya kasance babban birni ne kuma birni mafi girma a kasar Iceland. Birnin na a gefen kudu maso yammacin Iceland, a kudancin gabar tekun Faxaflói . Latitude ɗinsa shine 64°08' N, yana mai da ita babban birnin arewa mafi girma a duniya na ƙasa mai iko. Tare da yawan jama'a kusan 131,136 (da 233,034 a cikin Babban yankin ),   ita ce cibiyar al'adu, tattalin arziki, da ayyukan gwamnati na Iceland, kuma sanannen wurin yawon shakatawa ne.

An yi imanin Reykjavík shine wurin zama na farko na dindindin a Iceland, wanda, a cewar Landnámabók, Ingólfr Arnarson an kafa shi a cikin shekara 874.&nbsp;CE. Har zuwa karni na 18, babu ci gaban birane a cikin birni. An kafa birnin bisa hukuma a cikin 1786 a matsayin garin ciniki kuma ya girma a hankali cikin shekaru masu zuwa, yayin da ya zama cibiyar kasuwanci ta yanki da daga baya ta ƙasa, yawan jama'a, da ayyukan gwamnati. Yana cikin mafi tsafta, mafi kore, kuma mafi aminci a biranen duniya.  

## Tarihi

## Manazarta
Yawan mutanen katsina

Yanzu an kiyasta yawan mutanen jihar Katsina a shekarar 2023 ya kai 804,939. A shekarar 1950, mutanen Katsina sun kai 45,249. Katsina ta samu karuwar 25,934 a shekarar da ta gabata, wanda ke nuna canjin kashi 3.33% na shekara. Waɗannan kididdigar yawan jama'a da hasashe sun fito ne daga sabon bita na Ƙididdiga na Ƙarfafa Birane na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Wadannan alkaluma na wakiltar garin Katsina, wanda galibi ya hada da al’ummar Katsina baya ga yankunan da ke kusa da wajen.

## Manazarta
Gidan Korau (Masarautar Katsina)

**Gidan Korau** da ke Katsina, Korau ɗin ne ya gina shi a wajen farko-farkon ƙarni na goma sha biyar. Korau an ce Musulmi ne wanda ake yi masa laƙabin Muhammadu Korau. Ya fito ne daga ƙabilar Wangarawa da ke rusasshiyar daular Mali. Shi Korau, tare da jama’arsa, sun mamaye ƙasar ‘Yandoto, wadda ke Zamfara, a farkon ƙarni na goma sha biyar (15). Daga nan kuma suka gangaro Katsina-Jigawa, suka yaƙi Sarkin Katsina da ke birnin Katsina mai suna Jibda Yaƙi Sanau.

Bayan cin nasara yaƙi, sai Korau ya ɗare karagar mulkin jihar Katsina ya zama Sarkin Katsina na farko a tsatson Wangarawa. Kamar yadda bayani ya gabata cewa, Korau ne ya gina gidan Sarkin Katsina na yanzu da ke Cikin Gida, ya zauna a ciki har ƙarshen rayuwarsa. Haka ‘ya’ya da jikoki waɗanda suka yi Sarautar Katsina a daular Wangarawa, su ma a nan suka zauna tun daga shi Korau wanda ya yi zamani daga 1348-1398, har dai a ƙarshen mulkin Wangarawa a shekara ta 1807. An yi Sarakunan Katsina na Wangarawa waken guda ashirin da tara, kuma duk a nan Gidan Korau wanda ke Cikin Gida, suka yi Sarauta.

Muhimmai daga cikin waɗannan Sarakuna na Haɓe zuriyar Wangarawa, da suka yi mulkin Katsina, daga nan Gidan Korau da ke Cikin Gida, akwai Korau shi kansa. Akwai Ali Murabit, Ali Karyagiwa, Ibrahim Maje, Uban Yara, Janhazo, Gunawa Agwaragi, Sarki Gozo, Bawa Ɗangiwa, Maremawa, Magaji Halidu, da sauransu.

A lokacin mulkin Korau (1348-1398) aka gina gidan Sarkin Katsina da ke Cikin Gida, a lokacinsa ne aka tabbatar da kafuwar ƙasar Katsina wadda ta haɗa da Karofi, ‘Yanɗaka Durɓi, da sauran su, mai babban birni a Katsina, mai fada a Cikin Gida. Ali Murabit (1452-1475) da ya biyo baya, shi ya sa aka gina ganuwar Ƙofar Soro, wadda ta zagaye Gidan Korau, wadda aka yi wa ƙofofi guda biyu, Ƙofar Soro ta shiga fadar Sarki, da Ƙofar Bai, ta bayan gidan Sarki.

Tun daga zamanin Ali Murabit ne aka fara samun kafuwar Cikin Gida. Daga baya kuma, Ali Murabit, ya fara gina babbar ganuwar Katsina, wadda ta zagaye duk unguwannin da ke cikin birni Katsina. Amma ba a ƙarasa ginin ba sai zamanin Ibrahim Maje (1599-1613). Shi Ibrahim Maje baya ga ci gaba da ginin ganuwa, ya kuma ƙarfafa addinin Musulinci a ƙasar Katsina baki ɗayanta.

Shi kuma Ali Karyagiwa (1475-1525) wanda ya yi mulki kafin Ibrahim Maje, ya ƙara faɗaɗa ƙasar Katsina, inda aka kai yaƙi har Kuyambana da Birnin Gwari da Zamfara, don ƙara samun ƙasar mulki. Umurnin yin hakan ya fito ne daga fadar Cikin Gida. Kuma a zamanin Karyagiwa aka karɓi baƙuncin wani malami mai suna Muhammad Bin Ahmad Al-Tszakht, wanda aka fi sani da Ɗantakun. Shi Ɗantakun, ya zama babban alƙali a Katsina.

nan ne gaban gidan sarkin katsina amma yanzu ba haka yake ba  gwamnan jahar katsina mallam Dikko Umar Radda ya gyara ta sanadiyar ya gayyato turawa sunzo kallon hawan sallah da kuma hawan bariki.

## Manazarta
1. Mamman M. (2015). *Tarihin Unguwannin Birnin Kastina*. Ahmadu Bello Univeristy Press Ltd, Samaru, Zaria-Nigeria.
2. Kangiwa M.M. (2014). *A short Historical Guide on Katsina National Monuments and Sites*.
Mustafa muhammad kurfi

**Mustafa Muhammad Kurfi** ya kasance ɗan takarar majalissa ne mai wakiltar jihar Katsina Ta tsakiya a ƙarƙashin jamiyyar SDP mai alamar doki, a zaɓen shekarar 2023. Sai dai ya sha kaye a zaɓen da ya gudana. 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Malam Mustafa Muhammad Kurfi a ranar Mustafa Muhammed Kurfi ya fara makarantar primary a Kaduna daga baya ya dawo Kurfi a inda ya Ida Primary din shi sai ya koma Katsina inda ya yi primary din shi daga nan ya tafi makarantar koyon malanta (Federal College of Education Katsina) inda ya karanta kasuwanci Sai ya wuce Jami'ar Umaru Musa Yar'adua inda ya karanta tattalin Arziki wato Economics. Ya Kuma wuce karatun digiri na biyu wato Masters inda ya kara karanta tattalin Arziki 

## Aiki
Yayi ayyuka daban daban da NGO's Kala Kala amma bai taba aikin gomnati ba 

## Iyali
Yana da Mata biyu da yaya

## Manazarta
Nicosia

**Nicosia** / NIK -ə- SEE -ə ; Greek : Λευκωσία NIK romanized      [lefkoˈsi.a] ;    [lefˈkoʃa] ; Armenian   , Romanized : *Nikosia* ; Larabci na Cyprus : Nikusiya) ita ce birni mafi girma, babban birni, kuma wurin zama na gwamnatin Cyprus . Tana kusa da tsakiyar filin Mesaoria, a bakin kogin  Pedieos .

Bisa ga tatsuniyoyi na Girka, Nicosia (  a cikin Hellenanci) ya kasance siren, ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yan Acheloos da Melpomene kuma ana fassara sunanta da "White State" ko kuma birnin Farin Alloli.

Nicosia ita ce a kudu maso gabas na dukkan manyan kasashe mambobin EU . An ci gaba da zama a cikinta sama da shekaru 4,500 kuma ita ce babban birnin Cyprus tun ƙarni na 10. A farkon shekara ta 1964, al'ummomin Cyprus na Girka da Turkawa na Cyprus sun rabu zuwa kudu da arewacin birnin, biyo bayan yakin rikicin Cyprus na 1963-64 da ya barke a birnin. Wannan rarrabuwar kawuna ta zama kan iyaka mai karfin soji tsakanin Jamhuriyar Cyprus da kasashen duniya suka amince da ita da kuma mai kanta da ta ayyana " TRNC " bayan da Turkiyya ta mamaye tsibirin Cyprus a shekara ta 1974, inda ta mamaye arewacin tsibirin ba bisa ka'ida ba, ciki har da arewacin yankin Nicosia.

Baya ga ayyukanta na majalisa da gudanarwa, Nicosia ta kafa kanta a matsayin babban birnin a tsibirin,da kuma babbar cibiyar kasuwanci ta duniya.  A cikin shekara ta 2018, Nicosia ita ce birni na 32 mafi arziki a duniya a fanni karfin iko. 
 

## Toponymy

## Manazarta
Quito

**Quito** a hukumance **San Francisco de Quito**, babban birnin Ecuador ne, wanda ke da yawan jama'a kusan miliyan 2.8 a cikin biranensa. Shi ne kuma babban birnin lardin Pichincha . Quito tana cikin wani kwari a kan gangaren gabas na Pichincha,  wani nau'in wuta mai ƙarfi a cikin Andes, a tsayin 2,850 ., hakan ya mayar da ita birni na biyu mafi girma a duniya. 

Quito ita ce cibiyar siyasa da al'adu ta Ecuador kamar yadda manyan hukumomin gwamnati, gudanarwa, da al'adu na ƙasar ke cikin birni. Yawancin kamfanonin kasashen waje da ke da zama a Ecuador suna da hedikwata a can. Har ila yau, ita ɗaya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin masana'antu biyu na ƙasar - tashar tashar jiragen ruwa ta Guayaquil ita ce ɗayan.

## Tarihi

### Zamanin Samun Yanci
Masanin ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi na Amurka Robert E. Bell ne ya tono mafi dadewa na kasancewar ɗan adam a Quito a cikin 1960, akan gangaren dutsen dutsen Ilaló, wanda ke tsakanin kwarin gabashin Los Chillos da Tumbaco. Mafarauta-gatherers sun bar kayan aikin gilashin obsidian, kwanan wata zuwa 8000 BC. Wannan wurin binciken kayan tarihi, mai suna *EI Inga,* Allen Graffham ne ya kawo hankalin Robert Bell. Yayin da yake aiki a matsayin masanin ilimin ƙasa a Ecuador, Graffham ya bi sha'awar mai son ilimin kayan tarihi. Ya yi abubuwan tattarawa a wurin a lokacin 1956.   Sha'awar Graffham a baya game da Paleo-Indiya ta rage, da kuma gogewarsa game da kayan aikin ɗan adam na farko a Kansas da Nebraska a Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Amurka, ya sa ya yarda cewa rukunin yanar gizon wani muhimmin bincike ne. 

## Manazarta
Yerevan

**Yerevan** wani lokacin ana rubuta **Erevan** )  *Ērevan*.}} babban birni ne kuma birni mafi girma na kasar  Armeniya kuma ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin biranen duniya da ake ci gaba da zama .  Birnin na wuri daya tare da kogin Hrazdan, Yerevan ita ce cibiyar gudanarwa, al'adu, da masana'antu na ƙasar, a matsayin babban birni . Ya kasance kuma babban birni tun 1918, na goma sha huɗu a cikin tarihin Armeniya kuma na bakwai wanda ke cikin ko kusa da Filin Ararat . Garin kuma yana a wurin zama na Diocese na Araratian Pontifical Diocese, wanda shine babban diocese na Cocin Apostolic na Armeniya kuma ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin dioceses a duniya.

Tarihin Yerevan ya samo asali ne a karni na 8 KZ, tare da kafa Erebuni a shekara ta 782 KZ da Sarki Argishti na Urartu ya kafa a yammacin iyakar filin Ararat. An tsara Erebuni a matsayin babbar cibiyar gudanarwa da addini, cikakken babban birnin sarauta. A ƙarshen tsohuwar mulkin Armeniya, an kafa sabbin manyan biranen kuma Yerevan bai da mahimmanci. A karkashin mulkin Iran da Rasha, ita ce cibiyar Erivan Khanate daga 1736 zuwa 1828 da kuma Erivan Governorate daga 1850 zuwa 1917, bi da bi. Bayan yakin duniya na daya, Yerevan ya zama babban birnin Jamhuriyar Armeniya ta farko yayin da dubban wadanda suka tsira daga kisan kiyashin Armeniya a Daular Usmaniyya suka isa yankin. Garin ya faɗaɗa cikin sauri a ƙarni na 20 yayin da Armeniya yanki ne na Tarayyar Soviet . A cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata, Yerevan ya rikiɗe daga wani lardi na cikin daular Rasha zuwa babbar cibiyar al'adu, fasaha da masana'antu ta Armeniya, tare da zama wurin zama na gwamnatin ƙasa.

Tare da ci gaban tattalin arzikin Armeniya, Yerevan ya sami babban sauyi. An yi gine-gine da yawa a cikin birni tun farkon shekarun 2000, kuma wuraren sayar da kayayyaki irin su gidajen cin abinci, shaguna, da shagunan kan titi, waɗanda ba su da yawa a lokacin Soviet, sun ƙaru .   , yawan mutanen Yerevan ya kai miliyan 1,060,138, fiye da kashi 35% na yawan al'ummar Armeniya. Dangane da kiyasin hukuma na shekarar 2022, yawan mutanen garin a halin yanzu ya kai 1,092,800.  An ba wa Yerevan sunan  World Book Capital a shekara ta 2012 da hukumar UNESCO tayi.  Birinin Yerevan abokin tarayya ne na Eurocities . 

Daga cikin manyan wuraren tarihi na Yerevan, sansanin Erebuni ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wurin asali na birni, cocin Katoghike Tsiranavor shine majami'a mafi tsufa na Yerevan da Saint Gregory Cathedral shine babban cocin Armenia a duniya, Tsitsernakaberd shine babban abin tunawa ga hukuma. wadanda kisan kiyashin Armeniya ya shafa. Birnin gida ne ga gidajen opera da yawa, gidajen wasan kwaikwayo, gidajen tarihi, dakunan karatu, da sauran cibiyoyin al'adu. Yerevan Opera gidan wasan kwaikwayo shi ne babban dakin kallo na babban birnin Armenia, National Gallery of Armenia shi ne mafi girma art gidan kayan gargajiya a Armenia da kuma raba wani gini tare da Tarihi Museum of Armenia, da Matenadaran ma'ajiyar ya ƙunshi daya daga cikin mafi girma a ajiya na tsoho littattafai da kuma. rubuce-rubuce a duniya.

## Etymology

 

## Manazarta
Zaɓen Gwamnan Jihar Katsina, 2023

A shekarar 2023, alummar jihar Katsina zasu sake zaɓen sabon gwamna daga cikin 'yan takarar dake son zama gwamnan jihar a babban zaben 2023.

Wadanda suka fito takarar daga jam'iyyu daban-daban sune:-

# Yakubu Lado: an haifi Yakubu a kauyen danmarke a karamar hukumar Funtua. Yakubu lado gogagen dan siyasa ne ya fara takarar kansila kuma aka zabe shi, yayi takarar chiyaman na karamar hukumarsu kuma yaci zaben, sai yayi takararar danmajalissar tarayya kuma yaci zaben sai kuma yayi takarar sanata maikiltar Funtua zone kuma yaci. Sai dai yayi takarar gomnan katsina har sau 3 amma baici ba shine a 2023 ya kara dawo wa yake takara.

# Dikko Radda= Ya kasance malamin makaranta tsakanin alif 1989-1999. Ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin banki tare da rusasshiyar bankin duniya na FSB tsakanin 1999-2003.  Yayi Shugabancin Karamar Hukumar Charanchi ta Jihar Katsina tsakanin Jan 2005 zuwa Afrilu 2007. kuma an nada shi Shugaban Kwamitin riko na Karamar Hukumar Charanchi, a watan Mayun 2007. Sauran mukaman daya rike akwai; Babban Mai Taimakawa 'Yan Majalisu, NASS, Abuja, 2012-2014, Sakataren Jin Dadin Jama'a (APC), Yuni 2014-Yuli 2015. Ya rike sarautar gargajiya ta Gwagwar Katsina a masarautar KatsIna an nada shi a matsayin shugaban ma’aikata na Gwamnan Jihar Katsina. Shi ne Darakta Janar/Babban Babban Jami’in Hukumar Raya Kanana da Matsakaitan Masana’antu ta Najeriya (SMEDAN). Shugaban kasa Muhammadu Buhari ya sake nada Dr Dikko Umaru-Radda karo na biyu a matsayin shugaban Hukumar bunƙasa ƙanana da matsakaitan sana'o'i a Najeriya wato SMEDAN. Sanarwar ta fito ne daga ofishin sakataren gwamnatin tarayya, Boss Mustapha a wata takarda mai dauke da kwanan watar 12 ga watan Maris na 2021.  Dr. Dikko Umar Radda ya shiga siyasar neman kujerar Gwamnan Jihar Katsina, a siyasar 2023. A daidai lokacin ne ya ajiye shugaban Hukumar bunƙasa ƙanana da matsakaitan sana'o'i a Najeriya wato SMEDEN 

## Manazarta
Dublin

**Dublin** babban birni ne kuma birni mafi girma a Ireland.  A bakin teku a bakin kogin Liffey, yana cikin lardin Leinster, wanda ke iyaka da kudu ta tsaunin Dublin, wani yanki na tsaunukan Wicklow . A cikin ƙidayar 2016 tana da yawan jama'a 1,173,179, yayin da sakamakon farko na ƙidayar 2022 ya rubuta cewa County Dublin gaba ɗaya tana da yawan 1,450,701, kuma yawan Babban yankin Dublin ya haura miliyan 2, ko kuma kusan 40% na jimlar yawan jama'ar Jamhuriyar Ireland.
## Hotuna

File:Citadis_dublin.jpg|Jirgin Kasa a birnin
File:Dublin_Airport_1940_terminal_building.jpg|Filin jirgin Sama na birnin Dublin
File:HalfPennyBridge.jpg|Gadar Zamani a birnin 
File:International_Financial_Services_Centre.jpg|Cibiyar ayyukan Kuɗi ta Duniya 
File:A_large_home_on_Clyde_Road,_Dublin_D04.jpg|Wani babban Gida da ke kusa da Titin Clyde, Dublin 
File:46_St_Stephen%27s_Green,_Dublin_2.jpg|46 St Stephen's Green, Dublin
File:Bewleys_Hotel_Dublin_Airport_-_geograph.org.uk_-_516147.jpg|Otal na Bewleys da ke a Filin jirgin Sama na birnin Dublin 
File:Amiens_Street,_Dublin_-_geograph.org.uk_-_6500103.jpg|Titin Amiens
File:A_View_of_a_Part_of_River_Liffey.jpg|Kogin Liffey, Dublin
File:A_train_for_Sligo_standing_in_Dublin_Connolly_station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4949006.jpg|Tashar jirgin kasa ta birnin
 

## Manazarta
Muskat

**Muscat** (    ,  pronounced [ˈmasqatˤ] ) babban birni ne kuma birni mafi yawan jama'a a Kasar Oman . Ita ce wurin zama na Gwamnan Muscat . Bisa ga Cibiyar Kididdiga da Bayani ta Kasa (NCSI), jimillar yawan jama'ar Gwamnatin Muskat ya kasance miliyan 1.4 tun daga watan Satumba, shekarar 2018.  Yankin babban birni ya kai kusan kusa kilomita dubu uku da ɗari biyar 3,500    kuma ya haɗa da lardi guda shida da ake kira  . tun farkon karni na ɗaya 1 AD a matsayin tashar kasuwanci mai mahimmanci tsakanin yamma da gabas, Muskat tana karkashin ikon Kabilu daban-daban na asali da kuma wasu kasashen waje irin su Farisa, daular Portugal da daular Usmania a wurare daban-daban. a cikin tarihinsa. Ƙarfin soja na yanki a ƙarni na sha takwas 18, tasirin Muscat ya kai har zuwa Gabashin Afirka da Zanzibar . A matsayin muhimmiyar tashar tashar jiragen ruwa a cikin Tekun Oman, Muscat ya jawo hankalin 'yan kasuwa na kasashen waje da mazauna kamar Farisa, Balochis da Sindhis . Tun bayan hawan Qaboos bin Said a matsayin Sarkin Oman a shekara ta dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da saba'in 1970, Muscat ya sami ci gaba cikin sauri na samar da ababen more rayuwa wanda ya haifar da ci gaban tattalin arziki mai fa'ida da al'ummar kabilu daban-daban. Ana kiran Muscat a matsayin Beta- Birnin Duniya ta Cibiyar Nazarin Duniya da Biranen Duniya. 

## Toponymy
*Taswirar Larabawa* ta Ptolemy ta gano yankunan *Cryptus Portus*  da *Moscha Portus* .  Malamai sun kasu kashi biyu a kan wane ne daga cikin biyun yake da alaka da birnin *Muscat* . Hakazalika, Arrianus ya ambaci *Omana* da *Moscha* a cikin *Voyage na Nearchus* . Fassarar aikin Arrianus na William Vincent da Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville sun kammala cewa *Omana* yana magana ne ga *Oman*, yayin da *Moscha* ke nuni ga *Muscat* .  Hakazalika, wasu malaman sun gano cewa Pliny dattijon ya ce *Amithoscuta* ya zama *Muscat* . 

## Hotuna

File:Muscat_map_old.jpg|Tsohuwar taswirar Muscat
File:Muscat_harbor.jpg|Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Muscat
File:Muscat_-_Chancery_Office_Building_-_1989_-_DPLA_-_81d7f194b39c1cd9745b7622a1efefed.jpg|Muscat - Chancery Office Building - 1989
File:Muscat_flickr06.jpg|Muscat, Oman
File:Muscat_flickr04.jpg|Incense burner monument
File:Muscat.jpg|Birnin Muscat, Oman


## Manazarta
Manama

**Manama** (    **, Bahrani pronunciation: [elmɐˈnɑːmɐ] ) babban birni ne kuma birni mafi girma na kasar Bahrain, yana da kusan mutane 200,000 bisa ga kidaya ta shekarar 2020. Dogon cibiyar kasuwanci mai mahimmanci a cikin Tekun Fasha, Manama gida ne mai yawan jama'a iri - iri. Bayan lokaci na mulkin Portugal da Farisa da mamayewa daga daular Saudiya da Oman, Bahrain ta kafa kanta a matsayin kasa mai cin gashin kanta a shekara ta 1971 bayan mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya.

Duk da cewa garuruwan tagwaye na Manama da Muharraq na yanzu sun zama kamar an kafa su ne a lokaci guda a cikin 1800s,  Muharraq ya yi fice saboda wurin da yake da tsaro don haka ya kasance babban birnin Bahrain har zuwa 1923. Manama ya zama babban birnin kasuwanci kuma ya kasance ƙofar babban tsibirin Bahrain .  A cikin karni na 20th, arzikin man fetur na Bahrain ya taimaka wajen bunkasa ci gaba cikin sauri kuma a cikin 1990s wani ƙoƙari na daidaitawa ya haifar da fadadawa a wasu masana'antu kuma ya taimaka wajen canza Manama zuwa wata muhimmiyar cibiyar hada-hadar kudi a Gabas ta Tsakiya . An sanya Manama a matsayin babban birnin al'adun Larabawa na 2012 ta Ƙungiyar Larabawa, da kuma beta na duniya ta hanyar Globalization da Cibiyar Binciken Biranen Duniya a 2018.  

## Tarihi

### Tarihin zamani
Akwai shedar zaman mutane a gabar tekun arewacin Bahrain tun daga zamanin Bronze . Wayewar Dilmun ta mamaye yankin a cikin 3000&nbsp;BC, aiki a matsayin babbar cibiyar kasuwanci ta yanki tsakanin Mesofotamiya, Magan da wayewar Indus Valley .   An gano kusan tudun binne Dilmun 100,000 a sassan arewaci da tsakiyar kasar, wasu sun samo asali shekaru 5,000 da suka gabata. Duk da gano tudun mun tsira, babu wata muhimmiyar shaida da ta nuna cewa an yi babban birni a zamanin Dilmun .  An yi imanin cewa yawancin jama'ar suna zaune ne a yankunan karkara, wanda adadinsu ya kai dubbai. Shaidar daɗaɗɗen mazauna karkara ya tabbata daga ɗaya daga cikin hafsoshin jirgin Alexander the Great, yayin balaguro a Tekun Fasha . Babban tsarin magudanan ruwa a arewacin Bahrain ya taimaka wajen sauƙaƙa daɗaɗɗen noma da noma. 

## Hotuna

File:Bahrain_Bay_Overview_2019.jpg|Bahrain Bay
File:Gudaibiya_Mosque.jpg|Masallacin Gudaibiya


## Manazarta
Malabo

**Malabo** babban birnin Equatorial Guinea ne kuma lardin Bioko Norte . Tana kan gabar tekun arewa na tsibirin Bioko ( Bube   , kuma kamar yadda *Fernando Pó* ta Turawa). A cikin 2018, garin yana da yawan jama'a kusan 297,000.

Harshen Espanya shine harshen hukuma na birni da na ƙasar, amma ana amfani da Yaren Pichinglis a matsayin yaren sadarwa mai fa'ida a cikin tsibirin Bioko, gami da Malabo. 

Malabo shine birni mafi tsufa a cikin Birnin Guinea. Ciudad de la Paz al'umma ce da aka shirya ginawa a babban yankin Guinea wanda aka tsara don maye gurbin Malabo a matsayin babban birnin kasar. Cibiyoyin gudanarwa na Guinea sun fara aiwatar da hanyar zuwa Ciudad de la Paz a cikin Fabrairu 2017. 

## Tarihi

### Ganowar Turai da mamayar Fotugal

A cikin 1472, a ƙoƙari na neman sabuwar hanya zuwa Indiya, ɗan jirgin ruwa na Mutanen Portugal Fernão do Pó, ya ci karo da tsibirin Bioko, wanda ya kira *Formosa* .  Daga baya, an sanya wa tsibirin sunan mai bincikensa, Fernando Pó. A farkon karni na 16, musamman a cikin 1507, Ramos de Esquivel na Portuguese ya yi ƙoƙari na farko na mulkin mallaka a tsibirin Fernando Pó. Ya kafa masana'anta a *Concepción* (yanzu Riaba ) kuma ya haɓaka shukar rake .

## Manazarta
Ashgabat

**Ashgabat** ko **Asgabat** ( Turkmen   , [ɑʃʁɑˈbɑt] ;  Persian , wanda da ya na da sunan ***Poltoratsk*** ( Russian   ) tsakanin shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da goma sha tara 1919 da shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da ashirin da bakwai 1927), babban birni ne kuma birni mafi girma na Turkmenistan . Ya ta'allaka ne tsakanin jejin Karakum da tsaunin Kopetdag a tsakiyar Asiya, kusa da iyakar Iran da Turkiyya .

An kafa birnin a shekara ta alif dubu daya da dari takwas da tamanin da daya 1881 bisa tushen ƙauyen *kabilar Ahal* Teke, kuma ya zama babban birnin Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic a shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da ashirin da hudu 1924. Girgizar kasa ta Ashgabat ta shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in da takwas 1948 ta lalata yawancin birnin, amma tun daga lokacin an sake gina shi da yawa a ƙarƙashin mulkin Saparmurat Niyazov 's "White City" aikin sabunta birane, wanda ya haifar da manyan ayyukan da aka lulluɓe da farin marmara mai tsada. Canal na Karakum na zamanin Soviet yana bi ta cikin birni, yana ɗaukar ruwa daga Amu Darya daga gabas zuwa yamma.  Tun daga shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha tara 2019, an amince da birnin a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi tsadar rayuwa a duniya sakamakon hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da kuma batun shigo da kayayyaki na Turkmenistan.

## Etymology

Ana kiran Ashgabat *Aşgabat* a Turkmen, (      a cikin Rashanci daga shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da ashirin da biyar 1925 zuwa shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da casa'in da daya 1991, da  . ( 'Ešqābād ) in Persian . Kafin shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da casa'in da daya 1991, ana yawan rubuta birnin **Ashkhabad** a Turanci, fassarar Rashanci. Hakanan an rubuta ta daban-daban Ashkhabat da Ashgabad. Daga shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da goma sha tara 1919 zuwa shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da ashirin da bakwai 1927, birnin aka sake masa suna Poltoratsk bayan wani juyin juya hali na cikin gida, Pavel Gerasimovich Poltoratskiy.

Ko da yake a zahiri sunan yana nufin "birnin soyayya" ko "birni na ibada" a cikin Farisa na zamani, ana iya canza sunan ta hanyar ilimin al'adun gargajiya . Masanin tarihin Turkmen Ovez Gundogdiyev ya yi imanin cewa sunan ya koma zamanin Parthia, karni na ukku 3 BC, wanda ya samo asali daga sunan wanda ya kafa daular Parthia, Arsaces I na Parthia, a cikin Ashk-Abad na Farisa (birni *Ashk* / Arsaces ).

## Taswiara
Ashgabat yana kusa da iyaka da kasar Iran .  Ya mamaye wani fili mai tsananin girgizar ƙasa wanda ke iyaka da kudu da tsaunin Kopet Dag ( Turkmen   . ) kuma a arewa ta jejin Karakum . An kewaye shi, amma baya cikin lardin Ahal ( Turkmen   ). Matsayi mafi girma a cikin birni shine mita dari hudu da daya  babban dutsen yashi wanda aka gina Otal ɗin Yyldyz, amma galibin birni yana tsakanin mita dari biyu  na girma. Canal na Karakum ya ratsa ta cikin birni.

## Hotuna

File:Ashgabat_in_Snow_Jan_2023.jpg|Zubar ƙanƙara a birnin 
File:Ashgabat_downtown.jpg|Ashdabat Downtown 


## Manazarta
Birnin Luxembourg

**Birnin Luxembourg** (kuma aka sani da Birinin **Luxembourg**) babban birni ne na Luxembourg kuma mafi yawan jama'a a ƙasar. Tsaye a mahaɗar kogin Alzette da Pétrusse a kudancin Luxembourg, birnin yana a tsakiyar Yammacin Turai, Mai lamba 213 da kuma kilomita ta hanya daga Brussels,  daga Paris, da  daga Cologne .  Garin ya ƙunshi Castle na Luxembourg, wanda Franks suka kafa a farkon Tsakiyar
## Hotuna

File:La_Corniche_(3755577623).jpg|La Corniche
File:Bahnhof_Luxemburg_bei_Nacht.jpg|The central RR station at night
File:Mudam_04_jnl.jpg|Fort Thüngen
File:Fort_Th%C3%BCngen_and_Quartier_europ%C3%A9en_Kirchberg,_Luxembourgn2019-08.jpg|Wasu daga cikin dogayen gine-gine birnin 
File:Luxembourg_findel_airport.jpg|Filin jirgin Sama na birnin 
File:Luxembourg_Dexia_Building.JPG|Bâtiment Dexia
File:Higher_city_Luxembourg.JPG|Église Saint-Michel
File:Maison_du_Savoir_Belval_construction_site_2012-08.JPG|Maison du Savoir Belval construction site 
File:LUX_Esch-Alzette_Belval_032_2016.jpg|LUX Esch-Alzette Belval
File:University_of_Luxembourg.jpg|Jami'ar Luxembourg 
 

## Manazarta
Yargoggo loaf

**Yargoggo loaf** Kamfanin yin Biredi ne na Alhaji Abdu Magaji sabuwar Unguwa Katsina, kamfani ya dade tun shekarar 1994 zuwa yanzu

## Manazarta
Masarautar Katsina

**Masarautar Katsina** ta kasance babbar masarauta ce kuma mai daɗaɗɗen tarihi. Tana ɗaya daga cikin asalin garuruwan ƙasar Hausa. Kafin zamowarta wannan babban birni da a yau ya zama hedikwatar Jahar Katsina sannan kuma fadar masarautar jihar Katsina, ta taɓa zama a wani gari da yake da tazarar kimanin kilomita talalatin da biyu 32 daga Katsinan yau. Sunan wannan gari shi ne ‘Durɓi ta Kusheyi’. Wannan gari shi ne asalin fadar mulkin ddaular garin Katsina

Wannan masarauta cike take da ababen tarihi, a cikin wancan garin na Durɓi, akwai wannan kuka tana nan, akwai wani Dutse da su mutanen Durɓi suka taɓa bautawa, sannan akwai wata Hasumiya da ta haura shekaru ɗari shida (600) mai suna Gobarau a garin na Katsina. Kuma dai wannan gari shi ne matsugunnin tsohuwar makarantar da ta yaye firimiyan kasar Najeriya da kuma na Arewa ta farko. Wannan rubutu da ake karantawa zai bamu ƙarin haske game da wannan gari na garin Katsina.

### Asalin Kafuwar Garin Katsina
Babu wata tsayayyar magana dangane da shekara, ko kuma haƙiƙanin mutumin da ya kafa wannan tsohon birni, mai tsohon tarihi na Katsina. Amma akwai hujjoji birjik (Ingawa,shekarar 2006; Lugga,shekarar 2004; Mamman, shekarar 2015), da ke tabbatar da tasowar fadar masarautar ta Katsina daga wani tsohon ƙauye mai suna Durɓi ta Kusheyi.

Katsina kamar sauran manyan masarautun ƙasar Hausa, gidan sarautarta yana da dangantaka da gidan Bayajidda.

## Manazarta
Ljubljana

**Ljubljana** (wanda kuma aka sani da wasu sunayen tarihi ) babban birni ne kuma birni mafi girma na Slovenia. Birnin ne cibiyar al'adu, ilimi, tattalin arziki, siyasa da gudanarwa na kasar Slovenia.

A zamanin da suka gabata, wani birnin Romawa mai suna Emona ya tsaya a yankin.  An fara sanya Ljubljana da kanta a farkon rabin ƙarni na 12. Tana tsakiyar hanyar kasuwanci tsakanin Tekun Adriatic ta Arewa da yankin Danube, babban birnin tarihi ne na Carniola,  daya daga cikin sassan daular Habsburg da ke zaune a Slovene .  Ya kasance ƙarƙashin mulkin Habsburg tun daga tsakiyar zamanai har zuwa rugujewar daular Austro-Hungary a 1918. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, Ljubljana ta zama babban birnin jamhuriyar gurguzu ta Slovenia, wani yanki na jamhuriyar gurguzu ta Yugoslavia . Garin ya ci gaba da riƙe wannan matsayin har zuwa lokacin da Slovenia ta sami 'yancin kai a 1991 kuma Ljubljana ta zama babban birnin sabuwar ƙasar da aka kafa. 

## Suna

Har ila yau ba a san asalin sunan *Ljubljana* ba. A tsakiyar zamanai, duka kogin da garin kuma an san su da sunan Jamusanci *Laibach* . Wannan sunan yana cikin amfani da hukuma azaman endonym har zuwa 1918, kuma yana kasancewa akai-akai azaman ƙamus na Jamusanci, duka a cikin magana gama gari da amfani da hukuma. Ana kiran birnin *[[:it:Lubiana|Lubiana]]* a Italiyanci da *Labacum* a cikin Latin.
 

## Manazarta
Doha

**Doha** (      [adˈdawħa] ko *ad-Dōḥa* ) babban birni ne kuma babban cibiyar hada-hadar kuɗi ta kasar Qatar . Birnin na kan gabar Tekun Fasha a gabashin ƙasar, arewacin Al Wakrah da kudancin Al Khor, gida ce ga yawancin al'ummar ƙasar. Hakanan birni ne mafi girma a Qatar, tare da sama da kashi 80% na al'ummar ƙasar suna zaune a birnin Doha ko kewayenta.  

An kafa Doha a cikin 1820s a matsayin wani yanki na Al Bidda . An ayyana shi a matsayin babban birnin kasar a hukumance a shekara ta 1971, lokacin da Qatar ta sami 'yancin kai daga zama ' yar kariyar Burtaniya. Birnin dake a matsayin babban birnin kasuwanci na Qatar kuma ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyin hada-hadar kuɗi na gaggawa a Gabas ta Tsakiya, Doha ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin birni na matakin beta level, ta hanyar Globalization and World Research Network . Doha tana ɗaukar birnin Ilimi, yanki da aka keɓe don bincike da ilimi, da Hamad Medical City, yankin gudanarwa na kula da lafiya. Har ila yau, ya haɗa da Doha Sports City, ko Aspire Zone, filin wasanni na duniya wanda ya hada da Khalifa International Stadium, Hamad Aquatic Center ; da Aspire Dome .

Birnin ya kasance mai masaukin baki ga taron farko na matakin ministoci na dandalin raya Doha na shawarwarin kungiyar ciniki ta duniya . An kuma zaɓi shi a matsayin birni mai masaukin baki na wasanni da dama, ciki har da Wasannin Asiya na 2006, Wasannin Pan Arab na 2011, Wasannin Tekun Duniya na 2019, Gasar Cin Kofin Ruwa na Duniya na FINA, Gasar Ƙwallon Kwando ta Duniya na FIVB, Ƙarshen WTA da mafi yawansu. na wasannin a gasar cin kofin Asiya ta AFC ta 2011 . A watan Disambar 2011, Majalisar kula da albarkatun man fetur ta duniya ta gudanar da taron mai na duniya karo na 20 a birnin na Doha. Bugu da ƙari, birnin ya karɓi bakuncin 2012 UNFCCC Tattaunawar Yanayi da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIFA 2022.

Garin ya kuma karbi bakuncin taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya karo na 140 a watan Afrilun 2019, kuma ya karbi bakuncin taron shekara-shekara na 18 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Sauyin Yanayi a 2012.

Garin gida ne ga Jami'ar Qatar da harabar makarantar kasuwanci ta HEC Paris.

## Hotuna

File:Doha skyline in the morning (12544910974).jpg|Doha skyline in the morning
File:Doha montage.jpg|Doha Montage
File:Souq Waqif, Doha, Catar, 2013-08-05, DD 107.JPG|Souq Waqif, Doha
File:West Bay district of Doha seen from the corniche at night.jpg|West bay district of Doha
File:Sewage outlet on Doha Corniche.jpg|Sewage outlet on Doha corniche
File:Foreign universities in Doha, Qatar, including VCU 01.jpg|Foreign universities in Doha
File:Doha, Qatar, in 2011. During the WISE, World Innovation Summit for Education. Various pics. 02.jpg|Doha


## Asali
A cewar Ma'aikatar Municipality da Muhalli, sunan "Doha" ya samo asali ne daga kalmar larabci *dohat*, ma'ana "zagaye" - abin da ake nufi da kewayen bakin tekun da ke kewaye da bakin tekun yankin.

## Tarihi
Bori

**Birnin Bori** birni ne, aƙaramar hukumar Khana, a Jihar Ribas, a kudancin Nijeriya. Ita ce mahaifar marubuci kuma mai fafutuka Ken Saro-Wiwa.

Bori ita ce hedikwatar al'ummar Ogoni. Ta kasance cibiyar kasuwanci ga Ogoni, Andoni, Opobo Annang da sauran kabilun Neja Delta na Benue Kongo. Bori shine mai masaukin baki na Ken Saro Wiwa Polytechnic Bori.

## Manazarta
Dushanbe

**Dushanbe** ( Tajik   , IPA: [duʃæmˈbe] ; Persian    &#x27; Litinin &#x27; ;   ) shine babban birni kuma mafi girma a Tajikistan . A watan    , Dushanbe na da yawan jama'a miliyan 1,201,800 kuma yawancin mutanen Tajik ne a kidayar. Har zuwa 1929, an san birnin da harshen Rashanci da sunan **Dyushambe** (    , *Dyushambe* ), kuma daga 1929 zuwa 1961 a matsayin **Stalinabad** ( Tajik     ), bayan Joseph Stalin . Dushanbe na cikin kwarin Gissar, iyaka da Gissar Range a arewa da gabas da tsaunin Babatag, Aktau, Rangontau da Karatau a kudu, kuma yana da tsayin mita 750-930. An raba birnin zuwa gundumomi guda hudu, duk suna da sunayen masu tarihi: Ismail Samani, Avicenna, Ferdowsi, da Shah Mansur .

A zamanin da, abin da yake yanzu ko yana kusa da Dushanbe na zamani ya kasance da masarautu da al'ummomi daban-daban, ciki har da masu amfani da kayan aiki na Mousterian, al'adun neolithic daban-daban, Daular Achaemenid, Greco-Bactria, Daular Kushan, da Hephthalites . A tsakiyar zamanai, an fara ƙarin ƙauyuka kusa da Dushanbe na zamani kamar Hulbuk da sanannen fadarsa . Daga karni na 17 zuwa farkon karni na 20, Dushanbe ya girma ya zama ƙauyen kasuwa wanda Beg of Hisor, Balkh, da kuma Bukhara ke iko da shi a wasu lokuta kafin daular Rasha ta ci yi galaba akan su. Bolsheviks sun kama Dushanbe a cikin 1922, kuma an mai da garin a matsayin babban birnin Jamhuriyar Socialist Soviet ta Tajik a cikin shekar ta 1924, wanda ya fara ci gaban Dushanbe da saurin karuwar jama'a wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa yakin basasa na Tajik . Bayan yakin, birnin ya zama babban birnin Tajikistan mai cin gashin kansa, kuma ya ci gaba da bunkasa da ci gabansa ya zama birni na zamani, a yau yana da yawancin tarurruka na kasa da kasa.

## Manazarta
Dutsin gugar kaushi

**Dutsin gugar kaushi** wanda ake kira *pumicite* da Turanci, a cikin yanayin foda ko ƙura a ke samun shi, dutse ne mai aman wuta a dunkulen shi wanda ya ƙunshi gilashin dutsen mai tsauri mai ƙaƙƙarfan yanayi, kuma ya kan ƙunshi lu'ulu'u. Yawanci yana da launin haske. 
 
A yammacin Afrika guntulen dutsin mai karshi karshi ana amfani dashi wurin goge kaushin kafa.
 
 
## Manazarta