Moumouni Adamou Djermakoye

**Moumouni Adamou Djermakoye** (watan Mayu ashirin da biyu 22, shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da talatin da tara 1939) ɗan siyasar Nijar ne kuma shugaban jam'iyyar Alliance for Democracy and Progress (ANDP-Zaman Lahiya). Ya kasance minista mai muhimmanci a lokacin mulkin Seyni Kountché sannan ya zama jakadan Nijar a Amurka daga shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da takwas 1988 zuwa shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da casa'in da ɗaya 1991; daga baya, bayan kafa jam’iyyar ANDP, ya zama shugaban majalisar dokokin Nijar daga shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da casa'in da uku 1993 zuwa shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da casa'in da huɗu 1994. Shi ne ɗan takarar jam’iyyar ANDP a zaɓukan shugaban ƙasa guda huɗu, wanda ya fara a shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da casa'in da ukku 1993; Ya kuma kasance mataimaki a majalisar dokokin ƙasar daga shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da casa'in da tara 1999 zuwa shekara ta alif dubu biyu da tara 2009 da kuma shugaban babbar kotun shari'a daga shekarar alif dubu biyu da biyar 2005 zuwa shekara ta alif dubu biyu da tara 2009.

## Asali
Sunayen danginsa, Moumouni Djermakoye, hakan ya nuna cewa shi ɗan dangi ne  &#x2014; amma ba magaji ba &#x2014; a daular Djerma mai mulki, ta Djermakoy na Dosso : na farko tsakanin sarakunan Djerma kuma gidan da aka fifita a lokacin mulkin mallaka.

Djermakoye ya shiga soja ne tun yana matashin hafsa, kuma ya shiga cikin juyin mulkin Seyni Kountché na Afrilu, shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da saba'in da huɗu 1974 wanda ya hamɓarar da shugaba Hamani Diori. Ya zama babban memba na majalisa mai mulki, kuma ya haɓaka tushen ikon kansa a Dosso.

## Hidima a matsayin minista da diflomasiyya a lokacin mulkin soja a shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da saba'in da huɗu zuwa shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da casa'in da ɗaya (1974 &#x2013; 1991)
Bayan juyin mulkin a shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da saba'in da huɗu 1974, Djermakoye ya zama Ministan Harkokin Waje da Haɗin kai daga watan Afrilu ashirin da biyu 22, shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da saba'in da huɗu 1974 zuwa watan Satumba goma 10 ga wata, 1979.  A kwanakin baya, an naɗa shi Ministan Matasa, Wasanni, da Al’adu, inda ya yi aiki har zuwa lokacin da aka naɗa shi Ministan Kiwon Lafiyar Jama’a da Harkokin Jama’a a ranar talatin da ɗaya 31 ga watan Agusta, shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da ɗaya 1981. Ya kasance a matsayi na ƙarshe har zuwa ashirin da huɗu 24 ga watan Janairu, shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da ukku 1983. A watan Mayu, shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da takwas 1988 an naɗa shi jakada a Amurka kuma wakilin dindindin a Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. Ya gabatar da takardun shaidarsa a matsayin Jakadan Amurka a ranar goma sha tara 19 ga watan Satumba, shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da takwas 1988, yana aiki a wannan matsayi har zuwa tsakiyar shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da casa'in da ɗaya 1991.

## Takarar shugabancin MNSD, kafa jam’iyyar ANDP, zaɓukan jam’iyyu da yawa (1991 &#x2013; 1996)
A cikin shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da casa'in da ɗaya 1991, Tandja Mamadou ya doke Djermakoye a yunƙurinsa na zama shugaban ƙungiyar National Movement for the Development of Society (MNSD). Wannan gwagwarmayar ta kasance alamar tambaya ta ƙabilanci: Djermakoye, wanda ɗan ƙabilar da ke da rinjaye a jam'iyyar (Djerma), ya sha kashi a hannun Tandja, wanda ba haka ba. Bayan ya sha kaye, ya kafa wata ƙungiya mai suna Club of Moumouni Adamou Djermokoye's Friends (CAMAD), wadda daga baya ta zama ANDP.

A watan Fabrairun, shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da casa'in da uku 1993, Djermakoye ya tsaya a matsayin ɗan takarar jam'iyyar ANDP a zagayen farko na zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da casa'in da uku 1993 kuma ya zo na huɗu da kashi goma sha biyar da ɗigo ashirin da huɗu 15.24% na ƙuri'un i'un da aka kaɗa. A wani ɓangare na ƙawancen da ake kira Alliance of the Forces of Change, Djermakoye ya goyi bayan Mahamane Ousmane na jam'iyyar Democrat da Social Convention (CDS) a zagaye na biyu na zaɓen da Tandja na MNSD ya yi, kuma Ousmane ya yi nasara. A zaɓen 'yan majalisu na watan Fabrairun shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da casa'in da uku 1993, jam'iyyar ANDP ta lashe kujeru goma sha ɗaya 11 cikin tamanin da ukku 83 na majalisar dokokin ƙasar, ta yi kyau a tsakanin Zarma;Djermakoye da kansa an zaɓe shi a majalisar dokoki ta ƙasa  a matsayin ɗan takarar jam'iyyar ANDP a mazaɓar Dosso. 

A ranar 13 ga watan Afrilu, shekarar 1993, aka zaɓi Djermakoye a matsayin shugaban majalisar dokokin ƙasar. Jam'iyyar MNSD ta yi adawa da ƙuri'ar da aka zaɓi Djermakoye a cikinta, tana mai cewa hakan bai dace da kundin tsarin mulki ba, kuma ta ƙi shiga cikinta. Bayan ɗaukaka ƙarar da 'yan adawa suka yi, Kotun Ƙoli ta soke zaɓen Djermakoye a matsayin Shugaban Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa a ranar ashirin da ukku 23 ga watan Afrilu, amma Majalisar ta sake zaɓen Djermakoye a watan Mayu, shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da casa'in da uku 1993. Ya ci gaba da zama shugaban majalisar har zuwa watan Oktoba na shekarar 1994, lokacin da majalisar ta rusa gabanin wani sabon zaɓen majalisar.

## Ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Mainassara da mulkin soja na riƙon ƙwarya (1996 &#x2013; 1999)
Bayan da sojoji ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ibrahim Baré Mainassara suka ƙwace mulki a watan Janairun 1996, an gudanar da sabon zaɓen shugaban ƙasa a watan Yulin 1996, inda Djermakoye ya zo na biyar da kashi 4.77% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa. A rana ta biyu na zaɓen, wanda Mainassara ya lashe, an tsare Djermakoye a gidan kaso tare da wasu 'yan takara uku na 'yan adawa, kuma ya kasance a gidan kaso na tsawon makonni biyu. Bayan nasarar Mainassara, Djermakoye da ANDP sun gane shi kuma suka goyi bayansa, amma a ranar 28 ga Afrilu, 1998 ya sanar da cewa ANDP ta wargaje da Maïnassara's Rally for Democracy and Progress, yana mai zargin Mainassara ya "ƙasƙantar da shi kuma ya ware" ƙungiyar ANDP.

Bayan wani juyin mulki a watan Afrilun 1999, Djermakoye ya zama shugaban majalisar tuntuɓa ta ƙasa a lokacin riƙon ƙwarya kafin sabon zaɓe. A watan Agustan 1999, jam'iyyar ANDP ta zaɓe shi don sake tsayawa takara a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa a watan Oktoba na 1999. A zaɓen Djermakoye ya samu matsayi na biyar da kashi 7.73% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa. A ranar 4 ga watan Nuwamba, ya bayyana goyon bayansa ga Mahamadou Issoufou, ɗan takarar jam'iyyar dimokuraɗiyya da gurguzu ta Nijar, a zagaye na biyu na zaɓen. Issoufou ya sha kashi a zagaye na biyu a hannun Tandja. An zaɓi Djermakoye a matsayin ɗan majalisar wakilai na ƙasa a zaɓen ‘yan majalisar dokoki na watan Nuwamba 1999 daga mazaɓar Dosso;  ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan takara huɗu na ANDP da suka lashe kujeru a zaɓen.

## Ayyuka a lokacin Jamhuriyya ta Biyar (1999 &#x2013; 2009)
A watan Yulin 2002, ANDP ta shiga jam'iyyar Alliance of Democratic Forces ƙarƙashin jagorancin MNSD, gamayyar jam'iyya mai mulki, inda ta fice daga jam'iyyar adawa ta Coordination of Democratic Forces wadda ta kasance a baya. A ranar takwas 8 ga watan Nuwamba, shekarar alif dubu biyu da biyu 2002, an nada Djermakoye a matsayin ƙaramin minista na haɗin gwiwar Afirka da sabon ƙawance na shirye-shiryen raya Afirka ; ya yi wannan muƙamin har sai da ya yi murabus daga gwamnati a watan Nuwambar 2004 saboda halartar zaɓukan da ake shirin gudanarwa. A ranar 19 ga Satumba, 2004, an sake zaben shi a matsayin ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyyar ANDP; Ya ce a wannan karon bai yi niyyar sake tsayawa takara a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 2009 ba.  A zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na Nuwamba 2004, ya sake zama matsayi na biyar da kashi 6.07% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa. Jim kaɗan gabanin zagayen farko na zaɓen, Djermakoye ya ce zai goyi bayan Tandja a zagaye na biyu.  A zaɓen 'yan majalisa na Disamba 2004, an sake zaɓar Djermakoye a matsayin ɗan majalisar wakilai na ƙasa daga mazaɓar ar Dosso. 

A ranar 24 ga Mayu, 2005, an zaɓi Djermakoye a matsayin shugaban babbar kotun shari'a, ƙungiyar shari'a ta musamman da ta ƙunshi wakilai na Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa.  Mahamane Ousmane ya sha kaye Djermakoye a zaɓen shugaban ƙungiyar raya tattalin arziƙin ƙasashen yammacin Afirka (ECOWAS) a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba, 2006, inda ya samu ƙuri'u 37 yayin da Ousmane ya samu ƙuri'u 58.

Da yake mayar da martani kan yunƙurin shugaba Tandja mai cike da cece-kuce na kiran ƙuri'ar raba gardama kan sabon kundin tsarin mulkin da zai bashi damar sake tsayawa takara &#x2014; ƙoƙarin da jam'iyyun adawa da mambobin ƙawancen masu rinjaye na shugaban ƙasa suka yi adawa da shi &#x2014; Djermakoye ya nuna rashin amincewarsa, yana mai cewa al'ummar ƙasar za ta iya. a "raba gida biyu" ta shirye-shiryen zaɓen raba gardama na Tandja. Bayan da kotun tsarin mulkin ƙasar ta yanke hukunci kan Tandja a ranar 25 ga Mayu 2009, nan take Tandja ta rusa majalisar kasa a ranar 26 ga Mayu. Masu lura da al’amura sun lura cewa, a yin hakan ya ƙaucewa yiwuwar gurfanar da shi gaban kotu bisa laifin cin amanar ƙasa a babbar kotun shari’a, inda Djermakoye ke shugabanta.

Djermakoye ya kamu da rashin lafiya, sakamakon zafin rana, a wani gangamin ranar 14 ga watan Yunin 2009 a Yamai, yana nuna rashin amincewa da kudurin zaben raba gardama na Shugaba Tandja; ya fadi jim kadan kafin a sa ran zai yi jawabi ga masu zanga-zangar. Djermakoye, wanda aka ruwaito a baya yana fama da ciwon zuciya, ya mutu a wani asibitin Yamai bayan mintuna talatin. An gudanar da wani biki a hukumance da karramawar soja ga Djermakoye a Yamai a ranar 15 ga watan Yuni, tare da halartar shugaba Tandja. Hakazalika an yi jana'izar sa a Dosso a wannan rana, a cikin dimbin jama'a.

## Manazarta