Běla Kolářova

**Běla Kolářová** née **Helclová** (24 ga watan mayu 1923, a cikin Terezín – 12 April 2010, in Prague) ta kasanceCzech mawakiya  kuma mai daukar hoto . a 1949 tayi aure Jiří Kolář (1914-2002). a 1985 tabi mijin ta  a gudun hijira a Paris. sun dawo Prague a 1999. ta mutu a Prague ranar  12 ga watan afri 2010.

## Salo
Kolářová na cikin tsararrun da suka taɓa juyin juya halin gumaka da "makamai" a cikin fasahar Czech a cikin 1960s. Wannan sabon raƙuman ruwa ya bugi wurin tare da shirin na haƙiƙa, yana shelar cewa fasaha na iya wanzuwa a matsayin tsari, ra'ayi, hanya, gwaji da harshe, ko kuma wani abu "kamburi" - kamar wani abu da aka samo kuma aka tsara. Horon Kolářová tana cikin daukar hoto, kuma rawar da ta taka a cikin 1960s juyawa yana da alaƙa da wannan matsakaici tun farkon. Kamar yadda ta kasance da yawa daga cikin mutanen zamanin ta, ta kai ga ƙarshe cewa ba zai yiwu a dauki hoton duniya ba, watau yin amfani da hanyo yin da suka dace don wakiltar gaskiya. 

Don haka ta ƙirƙira nata hanya da fasaha, rashin ƙarfi na wucin gadi. Ta danna kananun abubuwa cikin layuka na paraffin akan ƙananan guntun cellophane, ko kuma ta shafa ƙananan gutsuttsura na kayan halitta da na wucin gadi. Maimakon zabar duniya cewa yana yiwuwa a yi hoto da wakilci a matsayin bayyanar waje, ta zaɓi duniyar da za ta iya yarda da ita, don dacewa da haɗuwa da gutsuttsuran kayan aiki, ta amfani da haske don canja wurin su zuwa hoto mai cin gashin kansa a kan m surface. na takarda mai hoto.  

Hanyar ta ta fara cikin shakka. Ta yi shakkar ma'anar daukar hoto, duk da la'akari da shi na sirri. Da ta yi tunani a kan haka a shekara ta 1968, ta tambayi kanta, "Shin da gaske ne babu wani abu da ya rage face ƙara abubuwan da muke gani ga waɗan da muka riga muka gani sau ɗari, don ci gaba da sake fasalin abin da aka daɗe da ganowa?" Daga wannan ma'anar rashin yarda, ta haɓaka wani nau'i na daukar hoto na gwaji wanda ke kusa da ka'idodin motsi na 1920, New Vision. Mawakiyar ta bayyana cewa, "A hankali na fara fahimtar duniyar da, a gaskiya, masu daukar hoto ba su lura da su ba. Duniyar da ba ta da kyau da kuma yau da kullum kamar dai ta wuce cancantar daukar hoto. Ƙana nan abubuwa, ba makawa ga rayuwarmu duk da haka an dauke su a banza. ta yadda da kyar za mu iya lura da su duk da yawansu mai yawa..." [Bèla Kolářová, 'Daya daga cikin Hanyoyi,' a cikin Bèla Kolářová. cat. Raven Row (London, 2013), 10-14]

Na ɗan lokaci, Kolárová ta yi aiki ba tare da kyamara ba. Ta shirya guntun takarda, zaren, ko shards akan fim ɗin gaskiya, ko kuma ta danna su kamar tambari, cikin rigar paraffin. Daga nan ta fallasa waɗan nan abubuwan da aka tsara kuma ta kira su "maganin wucin gadi." Waɗan nan sun yi kama da tsarin cliché verre.

Bayan wannan lokaci, ta dauki hotuna na yau da kullum abubuwa: kayan gida, kwai, iyakoki. Wadan nan tsari na yau da kullun na abubuwa na yau da kullun sun fara aikin fasaha na gaba na gaba, kusan 1964. Ta cire kyamarar mai shiga tsakani ta juya zuwa taro. Marie Klimešová bayanin kula, Kolářová ta ɗauki ra'ayi a nan zuwa ga na zamani ko ƙaramin tsari na grid. Ta yi wannan ne da gangan don iyakance rawar da "sa hannu" na mai zane ke yi don neman ra'ayi wanda har yanzu ta kasan ce sabon abu.

An yi mata wahayi ta hanyar constructivist-geometric shirin na kungiyar Křižovatka cewa ta kasance wani ɓangare na tare da mijinta da kuma 'yan'uwanmu artists Zdeněk Sýkora da Karel Malich . Kolárová bata taba sadaukar da kai ga tsari na hankali ba, gaba daya mai dogaro da kai.

Tashin hankali cike da lissafi na kusanci ya bayyana a ƙarshen 1970s. Ta fara amfani da kayan kwalliya don zane. Ta yi amfani da lipstick, eyeshadow, eyeliner, da makaman tansu. Yayin da take aiki ta wannan hanya, har yanzu ta kasance da aminci ga ƙirar grid yayin da take haɗa shi da alama mai launi na mace. 

## Sana'a
An baje kolin ayyukan Kolářová sosai tun daga 1960s. A cikin 1966, Gidan Gallery a Dandalin Charles a Prague ya gudanar da baje kolin na farko na solo. A cikin 1980s, aikin Kolářová ya haɗa da ƙarin taro. A 1994, ta shiga cikin nunin rukuni *na Europa, Europa.* *Das Jahrhundert der Avantgarde a Mittel-und Osteuropa* (Turai, Turai. Ƙarni na Avant-garde a Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai) a Kunst-und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland a Bonn. Ana ci gaba da nuna aikinta bayan mutuwa. 

Aikin ta mallakar Moravian Gallery ne a Brno, da Musée National d'Art Moderne a Paris, National Gallery a Prague, Gidan kayan gargajiya na Kayan Ado a Prague, da Gidan Tarihi na Olomouc.  A cikin 2017 Gidan Tarihi na Gidan Tarihi ya sami wani yanki na farko mai taken "Haruffa Daga Portugal". 

## Littafi Mai Tsarki

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## Magana