Louis Mbanefo

**Sir Louis Nwachukwu Mbanefo** (13 ga Mayu 1911 - 28 ga Maris 1977 ) an lura da shi a matsayin lauya na farko daga Gabashin Najeriya. An haife shi a Onitsha, Gabashin Najeriya, kuma ya sami karatunsa a Ƙasar Ingila a lokacin da yake da wuya a sami mutumin da ya shafi kabilanci yana neman ilimi mafi girma, ƙarancin horo na sana'a a mashaya.

## Ilimi
Tsakanin 1925 da 1932 ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Methodist Boys a Legas sannan kuma a Kwalejin Sarki, kuma a Legas, wanda aka tsara a kan Eton da Harrow, kuma inda ya kasance mai ƙwarewa da ƙwallon ƙafa. Daga baya aka shigar da shi a Kwalejin Jami'ar London, inda ya yi karatun shari'a, ya kammala karatu tare da girmamawa na biyu a shekarar 1935. An kira shi zuwa Bar a Haikali na Tsakiya, jim kadan bayan kammala karatunsa daga jami'a. Daga nan aka shigar da shi a Kwalejin Sarki, Cambridge, inda ya sami ƙarin digiri a tarihi a 1937.

## Ayyukan shari'a
Mbanefo ya koma gida zuwa Najeriya kuma ya kafa aiki a garinsu na Onitsha, lauya na farko da aka rubuta a yankin. Ta hanyar wannan matsayi, ya haɓaka aikin da ya yi nasara sosai, tare da abokan ciniki da yawa daga danginsa waɗanda suka kasance masu ƙwarewa sosai na 'yan kasuwa masu arziki kuma a sakamakon rikice-rikicen ƙasa da ke tasowa a matsayin al'amari a cikin yankin. An san cewa yayin da irin waɗannan rikice-rikice a baya an warware su ta hanyar Yaƙin kabilanci, yanzu ana warware su a fagen Kotun Shari'a ta hanyar ɗan asalin ƙasar da ƙwararren ɗan gwagwarmaya - kamar yadda Mbanefo ba shakka ya kasance. Ya zama dukiya mai mahimmanci a cikin sabon rarraba. Ayyukansa sun rufe babban yanki, musamman Gabas da Arewacin ƙasar. Ya yi sanannun bayyanar da yawa a cikin manyan shari'o'i a gaban Kotun Yankin, Kotun ƙoli da Kotun daukaka kara ta Yammacin Afirka, rahotanni na bayyanar da aka yi a gaban majalisar Privy har yanzu ba a tabbatar da su ba.

## Ayyukan siyasa
Mbanefo daga baya ya shiga siyasa kuma an zabe shi a cikin Majalisar Dokokin Yankin Gabas a 1950, inda ya nuna kansa a matsayin mai magana da kuma dan majalisa.

## Ayyukan shari'a
Rashin aikin lauya ya kasance mai ƙarfi kuma Mbanefo ya dawo bayan shekaru biyu kawai a siyasa. A wannan lokacin an kira shi zuwa Bench, a matsayin Mai Shari'a na Kotun Koli na Najeriya a 1952, tare da aikinsa na farko ya kasance a Warri a Mid-West na Najeriya, inda ya zauna a matsayin Alkalin mazaunin.

Daga baya aka tura shi zuwa Yankin Gabas a matsayin Babban Alkalin a 1961 da 1962. Ya kai ga mafi girman aikinsa na shari'a lokacin da aka nada shi a Kotun Shari'a ta Duniya (ICJ), a matsayin Alkalin Ad hoc, matsayin da ya rike har zuwa 1966, lokacin da ya koma mukaminsa a matsayin Babban Alkalin Yankin Gabas. Naɗin da ya yi a kotun shari'a ya haɗa da zama a kan shari'o'in Afirka ta Kudu, wato Laberiya da Afirka ta Kudu da Habasha da Afirka ta Tsakiya. Matsayinsa na ICJ ya kai sama da shekaru hudu.

A cikin shari'o'in da ke tsakanin Afirka ta Kudu da Laberiya da Habasha yanke shawara da Kotun Shari'a ta yi la'akari da ita, shine aikace-aikacen da gwamnatocin Habasha da Laberiya suka yi game da Dokar da Tarayyar Afirka ta Kudu ke da ita a kan mutanen Afirka ta Kudu ta Kudu (tsarin umarni shine fasalin Yarjejeniyar Kungiyar Al'ummai kuma wanda Afirka ta Kudu ya yi amfani da iko da yankin da mutanenta yadda ya kamata ko kuma ya kamata a hukunta shi saboda ya kasa yin amfani da wannan umarnin yadda ya kamata - ta hanyar mutanen da ba bisa ka'ida ba.

Hukuncin Kotun shi ne cewa a hukunta Afirka ta Kudu saboda rashin aiwatar da umarnin da aka ambata yadda ya kamata. Gudummawar Sir Louis Mbanefo ta kasance takaice, mai iko da ilimi - a kan dukkan dabi'u, matsayi da ka'idar tsarin Mandate- musamman game da ayyukan gudanarwa da bayar da rahoto na kasashe kuma muhimmiyar bincikensa ita ce, yayin da rahoto da ayyukan sa ido suka ƙare akan rushewar League of Nations, wajibai na halin kirki na Mandate ya ci gaba bayan rushewar kungiyar kuma irin wannan wajibi ne a kan Tarayyar Afirka ta Kudu. Wannan shine ainihin lokacin aikinsa kuma abin da ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba ga Dokar kasa da kasa

## Kyautar Knighthood
A shekara ta 1961 Sarauniya ta ba shi daraja kuma ya ɗauki taken wanda ya amsa da alfahari har zuwa mutuwarsa: Sir Louis Mbanefo, Kt.

## Yaƙin basasar Najeriya
Bayan barkewar Yaƙin basasar Najeriya, an nada shi Babban Alkalin Biafra da Jakadan Plenipotentiary .  Ya shiga cikin tattaunawar zaman lafiya tare da Gwamnatin Najeriya kuma ya yi aiki sosai don warware rikicin. Ya kasance a Biafra har zuwa ƙarshe, bayan shugaban Biafran ya gudu, ya bar Sir Louis da Manjo-Janar Philip Effiong don ɗaukar mataki mai kyau na kawo ƙarshen yaƙin, Babban-Janar Philippe Effiong ya sanya hannu kan mika wuya. Tarihi zai yi hukunci da Sir Louis da Manjo-Janar Philip Effiong a matsayin mutanen da ke da ƙarfin zuciya da mutunci waɗanda suka tattauna yadda ya kamata game da kawo ƙarshen tashin hankali.

Bayan dakatar da yakin, Sir Louis ya yi murabus daga nadin da ya yi a kan benci bisa ka'ida, amma Gwamnatin Najeriya ba ta yarda da wannan ba har wani lokaci. Ya sadaukar da shekarunsa na baya ga aikin sadaka da coci, yana aiki daban-daban a matsayin shugaban Majalisar Kirista ta Najeriya, Shugaban Diocese na Nijar - matsayin da ya rike tun 1946, Shugaban Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Anglican daga 1972 kuma Fellow na Jami'ar London.

Sir Louis ya mutu a shekara ta 1977, a ra'ayin mutane da yawa ba tare da kasarsa ba tare da samun cikakken darajar iliminsa da iyawarsa a matsayin lauya da kuma dan siyasa ba; duk da haka, gadonsa shine ya buɗe ƙofofi ga danginsa da yawa don neman aiki a mashaya da kuma aikinsa na musamman a matsayin lauyan da kuma kyakkyawan aiki a kan benci, musamman a Kotun Shari'a ta Duniya.

## Manazarta

## Tushe

* An samo rubutu daga nan. Bayanan da aka ba da izini ga marubuci kamar yadda lasisin GNU ya tanada.