Ghana

**Ghana** ƙasa ce mai zaman kanta ko kuma **Gana** ko **Jamhuriyar Ghana** (da Turanci: **Republic of Ghana**), ƙasa ce da ke a nahiyar Afirka ta yankin kudu. Ghana tana da yawan fili kimanin kilomita murabba'i (238,540). Ghana tana da yawan jama'a kimanin (27,043,093) bisa ga jimillar kidaya ta shekara ta dubu biyu da goma Sha hudu (2014). Ghana tana da iyaka da Côte d'Ivoire, Togo kuma da Burkina Faso. Babban birnin Ghana, Accra ne. Ghana ta kasance kasa mai bunkasa ta fannin ilimi da tattalin arziki acikin gaba daya fadin Afirka.  

Nana Akufo-Addo ne Shugaban ƙasar tare da mataimakin sa Mahamudu Bawumia, daga shekara ta (2017) 

## Shekarar Samun ƴancin kai
Ghana ta samu yancin kanta a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da bakwai(1957)A.C, daga ƙasar Birtaniya.

### Kimiyya da fasaha
Ghana ta ƙaddamar da hanyar sadarwa ta wayar salula a shekarar ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da bakwai 1992. Daga baya aka haɗa ta da Intanet kuma ta gabatar da sabis na watsa shirye-shiryen ADSL.

Ghana ta kasance matsayi na 99 a cikin Ƙididdigar Innovation ta Duniya a cikin 2024.

Cibiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Ghana (GSSTC) da Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Ghana (GhsA) suna kula da shirye-shiryen binciken sararin samaniya da sararin samaniya. GSSTC da GhsA sun yi aiki don a harba tauraron dan adam mai lura da tsaron ƙasa zuwa sararin samaniya a cikin 2015. Kudin binciken sararin samaniyar Ghana na shekara-shekara ya kasance kashi 1% na GDP, don tallafawa bincike kan kimiyya da fasaha. A cikin 2012, an zaɓi Ghana ta zama shugaban Hukumar Kimiyya da Fasaha don Ci Gaban Dorewa a Kudancin (Comsats); Ghana na da hadin gwiwa wajen binciken sararin samaniya tare da Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Afirka ta Kudu.

### Yawon shakatawa
A cikin 2011, masu yawon bude ido da suka ziyarci Ghana sun kai 1,087,000, tare da masu shigowa ciki har da Amurkawa ta Kudu, Asiyawa, Turawa, da Arewacin Amurka. Daga cikin abubuwan jan hankali da wuraren shakatawa akwai magudanan ruwa kamar magudanan ruwa na Kintampo da mafi girma a yammacin Afirka, magudanan ruwa na Wli, rairayin bakin teku masu cike da dabino, kogo, tsaunuka, koguna, da tafki da tafkuna irin su Lake Bosumtwi da tafki mafi girma da ɗan adam ya yi a duniya ta wurin sararin samaniya, tafkin Volta, wuraren adana dabino da yawa, wurare masu yawa na duniya. wuraren shakatawa.[164] Sanannen katanga sune Castle na Cape Coast da Castle na Elmina. Gine-gine suna nuna inda aka zubar da jini a cikin cinikin bayi da kuma adanawa da inganta al'adun Afirka da aka sace da kuma lalata su ta hanyar cinikin bayi. Yarjejeniyar Tarihi ta Duniya ta UNESCO ta sanya wa manyan gine-ginen Ghana da garu a matsayin abubuwan tarihi na duniya, bisa ma'auni: "Tsarin gine-gine da garu na Ghana sun tsara tarihin Ghana ba kawai ba amma na duniya fiye da shekaru hudu a matsayin abin da aka fi mayar da hankali na farko da cinikin zinari sannan kuma cinikin bayi. Suna da muhimmiyar alama kuma mai motsa rai na gamuwar Turai da Afirka da kuma farkon haduwar Afirka 6."

Kididdigar dandalin tattalin arzikin duniya a shekarar 2010 ta nuna cewa, daga cikin wuraren da aka fi son yawon bude ido a duniya, Ghana ta kasance ta 108 a cikin kasashe 139. Kasar ta koma matsayi biyu daga matsayi na 2009. A shekarar 2011, Mujallar Forbes ta wallafa cewa Ghana ce ta 11 a jerin kasashen da suka fi sada zumunci a duniya. Tabbacin ya dogara ne akan wani bincike da aka yi a shekarar 2010 na ɓangaren matafiya. A cikin dukkan kasashen Afirka da aka sanya a cikin binciken, Ghana ce ta kasance mafi girma. Yawon shakatawa shi ne na hudu mafi samun kudin waje ga kasar. A cikin 2024, Ghana ta kasance ƙasa ta 55 mafi aminci a duniya.

Sama da ƙasa bakin tekun, ƴan gida da na ƙasashen waje an gano wuraren hawan igiyar ruwa da kuma noma su. Masu hawan igiyar ruwa sun yi tafiye-tafiye zuwa kasar don yin samfurin igiyar ruwa. Masu hawan igiyar ruwa suna ɗaukar allunansu a cikin jiragen ruwan kamun kifi na gargajiya.

A cewar Destination Pride — wani dandali ne na bincike da aka yi amfani da shi don ganin dokokin LGBTQ+ na duniya, haƙƙoƙi da ra'ayin jama'a - Makin girman kai na Ghana shine 22 (cikin 100).

## Operation Cold Chop da kuma bayansa
Daga bisani kuma an hambarar da gwamnatin Nkrumah a wani juyin mulki da sojojin Ghana suka yi wa lakabi da "Operation Cold Chop". Wannan ya faru ne a lokacin da Nkrumah ke kasar waje tare da Zhou Enlai a Jamhuriyar Jama'ar kasar Sin, a wani aiki da ya kai birnin Hanoi na kasar Vietnam, don taimakawa kawo karshen yakin Vietnam. An yi juyin mulkin ne a ranar 24 ga Fabrairun 1966, karkashin jagorancin Kanar Emmanuel Kwasi Kotoka da Birgediya Akwasi Afrifa. An kafa Majalisar 'Yanci ta Kasa, karkashin jagorancin Laftanar Janar Joseph A. Ankrah.

Jerin gwamnatocin soji da na farar hula, wadanda sau da yawa matsalolin tattalin arziki ke shafar su, sun yi mulkin Ghana daga 1966, wanda ya ƙare tare da hawan jirgin Laftanar Jerry John Rawlings na Majalisar Tsaro ta Kasa a 1981. Wadannan sauye-sauye sun haifar da dakatar da kundin tsarin mulki a shekarar 1981 da kuma haramta jam'iyyun siyasa. Ba da daɗewa ba tattalin arziƙin ya ragu, don haka Rawlings ya yi shawarwari kan tsarin daidaitawa, canza tsoffin manufofin tattalin arziki, da haɓakar da aka samu a tsakiyar shekarun 1980. An fitar da sabon kundin tsarin mulki mai mayar da siyasar tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa a zaben shugaban kasa na 1992, inda aka zabi Rawlings, da kuma a babban zaben 1996.

A yakin kabilanci da aka yi a Arewacin Ghana a shekarar 1994, tsakanin Konkomba da wasu kabilu da suka hada da Nanumba, Dagomba da Gonja, an kashe mutane 1,000 zuwa 2,000 tare da raba mutane 150,000.

Bayan zaben gama gari na shekara ta 2000, John Kufuor na New Patriotic Party ya zama shugaban kasar Ghana a ranar 7 ga Janairun 2001 kuma aka sake zabe shi a shekara ta 2004, ta haka ne kuma ya yi wa'adi biyu (kayyade wa'adin) a matsayin shugaban kasar Ghana da kuma alama a karo na farko a karkashin jamhuriya ta hudu cewa an mika mulki daga wani zababben shugaban kasa da shugaban gwamnati zuwa wancan.

Nana Akufo-Addo, dan takarar jam’iyya mai mulki, ya sha kaye a zaben gama-gari na 2008 da John Atta Mills na National Democratic Congress ya yi. Mills ya mutu ne saboda dalilai na halitta kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa John Mahama ya gaje shi a ranar 24 ga Yuli 2012. Bayan babban zaɓe na 2012, Mahama ya zama shugaban ƙasa bisa ga damansa, kuma an kwatanta Ghana a matsayin "tabbatacciyar dimokuradiyya". Sakamakon babban zaben shekarar 2016,[60] Nana Akufo-Addo ya zama shugaban kasa a ranar 7 ga Janairu 2017. An sake zabe shi ne bayan da aka gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a shekarar 2020.
Don magance sare dazuzzuka, a ranar 11 ga watan Yunin 2021 Ghana ta kaddamar da ranar Green Ghana, da nufin dasa itatuwa miliyan biyar a kokarin da ake na kiyaye dazuzzukan kasar.

## Wasanni
Wasanni a Ghana

Kungiyar wasannin Olympic na Ghana a gasar bude wasannin Olympics ta 2010 ta 2010

Kwallon kafa na ƙungiyar babban wasan kwaikwayo ne na Spector a Ghana. Ghana ta lashe Kofin Kasashen Afirka ta hudu, Gasar Cinta U-20 sau daya, kuma ta halarci gasar cin kofin duniya na FI-17 sau biyu. Hukumar kula da kasa da kasa da kasa ta Tarihi da kididdiga suna zage Kotoko SC a matsayin kulob na Afirka na karni na 20.

Ghana tana shirin a wasannin Commonwealth, a cikin kowane bugu tun 1954 (banda wasanni 1984). Kasar Ghana ta lashe lambobin yabo 57 a wasannin Commonwealth, da 15 zinare, tare da dukkan lambobin su suna shigowa a wasannin motsa jiki da dambe. Kasar ta kuma samar da dambe da yawa, ciki har da Azumah Nelson wani dan kwallon duniya uku, Kuma Joshuwa Clotty.

## Yankunan Gwamnati
Waɗannan sune yankunan Gwamnatin ƙasar Ghana da biranen su:


## Al'adu

File:A_drone_footage_of_Accra_central,_Ghana.jpg|birnin Accra Ghana 
File:An_evening_at_Labadi.jpg|Da yammaci a birnin Labadi, Ghana 
File:Fishermen_at_work.jpg|Masunta a bakin aiki, Ghana 
File:Ghana_road_transport.jpg|Ghana 
File:Accra_Central,_Accra,_Ghana.jpg|Birnin Accra
File:Beach_with_palms_Ghana.jpg|Bakin Teku, Ghana 
File:Black_Star_Gate_located_in_Accra.jpg|Black Star Gate
File:Borla_beach_Accra_Ghana.3.jpg|Kogin Borla Ghana 
File:Gold_Coast_Regiment_1-_Kumasi.jpg|Gold Coast Regiment
File:Accra_Osu_18851914_300dpi.jpg|Accra Osu
File:FB 20151104 19 47 22 Saved Picture(1).jpg|Yan rawar gargajiya a Ghana
File:Traditional Adowa dance form and music performance.ogv|Yan rawar Adowa
File:Kpetoee.jpg|Shigabannin gargajiya da shigar al'ada ta mutanen kasar Ghana
File:Masquerades Dancing in Takoradi.jpg|Rawan Masquerades a garin Takoradi dake Ghana


## Manazarta