Shirin Wave na Dutsen

The Mountain Wave Project (**MWP**) yana bin binciken kimiyya na duniya game da raƙuman ruwa da rikice-rikicen da ke tattare da su. MWP na neman bunkasa sabbin fahimta da ilimi ta hanyar tsawo mai tsawo da rikodin neman jiragen sama tare da burin kara yawan lafiyar jirgin sama da inganta horar da matukin jirgi.

## Tarihin kamfanoni

### Dalilin da ya sa aka yi amfani da shi
Motsi na iska a kan ƙasa da cikas na ƙasa na iya haifar da tsarin iska mai kama da guguwa wanda zai iya kaiwa har zuwa stratosphere. A cikin 1998 matukan jirgi René Heise da Klaus Ohlmann sun kafa MWP, wani aiki don rarraba duniya, bincike, da kuma nazarin tsarin iska da aka kirkira (misali Chinook, Foehn, Mistral, Zonda). MWP wani shiri ne mai zaman kansa ba tare da riba ba na Sashen Kimiyya da Yanayi na Ƙungiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Vol à Voile (OSTIV) kuma Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) ke tallafawa.

MWP da farko an mayar da hankali kan samun kyakkyawar fahimta. na rikitarwa na zafi da motsi na iska a cikin yanayi, da kuma amfani da wannan ilimin don cimma mafi girman jirgin sama mai nisa. Yayin da MWP ta sami karuwar wayar da kan jama'a game da ikon da ke tattare da tsarin tsaunuka masu kama da tsaunuka a cikin yanayi, da kuma iska mai karfi, ya zama bayyananne cewa sun gabatar da manyan haɗari ga jirgin sama na farar hula ta hanyoyi da yawa. Sabili da haka, mayar da hankali ga MWP ya sauya zuwa tsarin kimiyya ga abubuwan da suka faru na iska, tare da burin gano sabbin hanyoyin da za su kara yawan lafiyar jirgin sama. Ta hanyar goyon bayan wasu masana kimiyya da abokan hadin gwiwa kungiyar ta zama mafi karfi kuma ta sami zurfin ilimi. Haɗin Joerg Hacker daga Airborne Research Australia (ARA) a cikin ƙungiyar ya inganta zurfin ilimin ƙungiyar.

### Ma'aunin iska
Don ƙarin koyo game da tsarin jiki mai dacewa a cikin yanayi, ƙungiyar MWP ta ƙaddamar da balaguro biyu a cikin Andes na Argentina a cikin 1999 da 2006. Don manyan jiragen sama an yi amfani da motorglider na Stemme S10 VT mai canzawa a matsayin dandamali don samun bayanai da auna. An taimaka wa matukan jirgin tare da kayan tallafin rayuwa da shirye-shiryen ilimin lissafi daga sanannun likitocin jirgin sama na Cibiyar Aerospace ta Jamus (DLR) da kuma ɗan saman jannati Ulf Merbold . 

Godiya ga taimakon ƙwararrun masana kimiyya da fasahar firikwensin zamani, MWP ta cimma burinta na tattara da nazarin bayanan tsarin raƙuman ruwa tare da sakamako mai ban sha'awa a aikin a Mendoza a watan Oktoba 2006. An kammala zirga-zirgar bincike da ayyukan a yankin tsakanin Tupungato (5.700 m) da Aconcagua (6.900m), wanda aka sani sosai saboda rikice-rikicen yaudara.

### Jiragen sama masu rikodin
Tsakanin 2000 da 2004 memba na ƙungiyar MWP Klaus Ohlmann ya ci gaba da haɓaka da faɗaɗa kan ilimin game da tsarin raƙuman ruwa da aka samu a cikin Andes a cikin 1999, kuma ya tara wadataccen ƙwarewa. Wannan tsarin ilimi ya ba shi damar lashe kyautar OSTIV Kuettner don jirgin sama na farko na kilomita 2000, tare da kammala jirgin sama mafi tsawo a duniya na kilomita 3,008. Abokan aikinsa na MWP ne suka goyi bayansa a Jamus ta amfani da sadarwa ta intanet don samar da takamaiman tsinkayen yanayi ta amfani da sabon kayan aikin tsinkayen yanayin. A cikin waɗannan jirage, ya ba da mahimman bayanai a cikin jirgin, wanda hakan ya taimaka wajen inganta tsinkayen yanayi na gaba ta ƙungiyar a Jamus.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Mambobin MWP guda biyu sun shiga cikin kamfen ɗin bincike na filin 2006 na gwajin Rotor na Terrain Induced (T-REX) wanda ya faru a cikin Sierra Nevada (Amurka) . René Heise ya yi aiki a matsayin mai nazarin kimiyya ga Gidauniyar Kimiyya ta Kasa kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga hasashen MWP ga bayanan bayanai. Wolf-Dietrich Herold ya rubuta ayyukan a Boulder / CO da Bishop / CA kuma ya samar da rahoton talabijin na aikin ga gidan talabijin ya RBB na Jamus.

## Manufofin shirye-shirye

* Bincike da ƙuduri na matakai na jiki a cikin yanayi, da halaye masu alaƙa da su, waɗanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ƙarni da ci gaban raƙuman tsaunuka.
* Binciken bands na rotor: ƙaddamar da wurin su, fadada sararin samaniya da rarraba rikice-rikicen da ke tattare da su
* Babban ma'auni na masu canji na yanayi masu dacewa (misali, yiwuwar zafin jiki, sigogi na turbulence, iska mai tsaye da a kwance, danshi, da dai sauransu) 
* Bayyanawa na rotors / yankuna na turbulence tare da GeoInformationService (GIS).
* Binciken kididdiga na zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa (IGC-fayilolin masu rikodin jirgin sama na GPS) don haɓaka wakilcin GIS na gogewa da wuraren rotor
* Tabbatar da samfuran hasashen mesoscale da daidaitawa mai kyau na sassan da aka yi amfani da su
* Aikace-aikacen bayanan da aka samu, sakamakon kimiyya, da kayan aikin tsinkaya don inganta aminci da tasirin shirin hanyar zirga-zirgar jiragen sama, da inganta horar da matukin jirgi. Bugu da ƙari, taimakawa wajen ci gaba da ƙirƙirar hanyoyin horarwa, kayan aiki da abubuwan kwaikwayo.

## Tafiye-tafiye

* Argentina"99: Base San Martín de los Andes (Argentina); wasu jirage sama da 1,000 km, jirgin rikodin (kilomita 1,550) na Klaus Ohlmann har zuwa Fireland (Rio Grande), jirgin jirgin sama mafi kudanci a Duniya&nbsp;&nbsp;
* Serres (Faransa) & Jaca (Spain) 2003: Auna zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na yanayin raƙuman ruwa a cikin Provence, ban da zirga-zane a ƙarƙashin yanayin guguwa a cikin Lee na Pyrenees
* Operation Mendoza 2006: Base Plumerillo (Argentina); Kamfen ɗin Aunawa a gayyatar Sojojin Sama na Argentina, Jiragen sama tare da BATprobe har zuwa 12,500 m tsawo a kan cordillera na yankin Tupungato-Aconcagua.
* Tibet 2010- ziyarar shafin: Gabatarwa na yakin neman zabe na MWP a Lhasa Binciken sassan saukowa na gaggawa tare da hanyar Shigatse - Tingri

## Sakamakon aikin

* Ci gaban hasashen raƙuman ruwa na aiki a cikin aiki tare da Bundeswehr Geo Information Service da German Weather Service.
* Kayan Bincike na Duniya da na Yankin don ayyukan raƙuman ruwa da haɗarin rikici. Ana amfani da wannan kayan aikin hasashen gwaji musamman tare da haɗuwa da samfuran mesoscale masu sauyawa don yankunan Antarctica, Hindukush / Tian Shan, Kamchatka, Sierra Nevada da Tibet.
* Jirgin ma'auni na farko na kimiyya na turbulence a kan Andes. Tabbatar da ma'aunin iska na sigogi- iska, zafin jiki, danshi da matsin lamba a hade tare da sauti [bincike rubutun] da ma'anonin tauraron dan adam na tsaye (Radio-Occultation, Remote Sensing tare da GPS)   
* Tattaunawa na sama da matsayi 200 na duniya na tsarin Rotor-Wave, da kuma ganin su a cikin Tsarin Bayanai na Yanayi (GIS); Binciken haɗari da abubuwan da suka faru saboda tashin hankali na tsaunuka a cikin jirgin sama na kasuwanci da na gaba ɗaya
* Ci gaban algorithms na lissafi da kididdiga don tace hawan igiyar ruwa a cikin bayanan mai rikodin jirgin GNSS, ta amfani da inganta zirga-zirgar rikodin  
* Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa a cikin jirgin sama: jirgin sama mai rikodin zuwa Rio Grande a Tierra del Fuego (MWP-Argentina) Jirgin Rubuce-rubuce na Duniya (FAI Category Free Distance) 2.120 km (OSTIV Kuettner Prize)   &nbsp;
* Shirye-shiryen ilimin lissafi mai tsawo da shawarwari ga matukan jirgi (Human Factors)   

## Kyaututtuka

* 2003 OSTIV Kuettner Prize don jirgin farko na kilomita 2000 madaidaiciya don babban matukin jirgi na MWP (Klaus Ohlmann) 
* 2007 Kyautar ta biyu ta Sibiya-Preis"
* 2011 Finalists na Aerospace Medical Association Jeff Myers Young Investigator Award (Rene Heise) 
* 2011 Kyautar Bayarwa da Sadarwa ta European Meteorological Society (EMS) 

## Abubuwan GEO-TV

* 2003 Berlin-Brandenburg Broadcasting (RBB) - Rodeo in the Sky - Bincike don mafi girman aminci na jirgin sama / Rodeo am Himmel - Forschung für mehr Flugsicherheit (45 min; Jamusanci / Turanci) 
* 2007 ARTE 360° GEO- takardu - The Waveriders of the Andes/Die Windreiter der Anden/Les Enragés du vol à saile (45min; Jamusanci / Faransanci) 
* 2011 3sat TV-feature dangane da 6th Severe Weather Congress Hamburg 2011, Wellengang in der Luft- hinter Bergen entstehen gefährliche Luftwirbel (6min; Jamusanci) 

## Manazarta