Masarautar Dosso

**Masarautar Dossa** masarauta ce kafin zuwan turawa na mulkin mallaka wadda a yanzu take a yankin ƙasar Nijar yanzu wacce ta wanzu har zuwa wannan lokaci.

## Tarihin farko
An yi imanin cewa mutanen Djerma ko Zabarmawa na Nijar sun yi ƙaura daga yankin Fulani dake kusa da Lac Debo, Mali a lokacin daular Songhai, kuma suka fara zama a Zarmaganda a ƙarni na 16. A cikin karni na 18, Djerma da yawa sun sake zama a kudu zuwa kwarin Kogin Neja, Fakara da Zigui a cikin yankin da ake kira Kudu maso Yamma a yanzu kusa da Niamey . Irƙirar wasu ƙananan al'ummomi, kowannensu ƙarƙashin jagorancin Djermakoy, waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka ba da daɗewa ba suka sami matsin lamba daga arewa ta Abzinawa da Fula daga kudu maso gabas, da Kuma ma sauran ƙabilun yankin. Yayin da Djermakoy Aboubacar ya kafa jihar Dosso daga danginsa na Taguru a kusa da 1750, ta kasance ƙaramar tarin ƙauyuka a cikin kwarin Dallol Bosso har zuwa shekarar 1820s, lokacin da ta jagoranci yawancin juriya ga Halifancin Sokoto . Yayin da Dosso ya fada karkashin ikon Amir na Gando (wani yanki na Sakkwato) tsakanin shekarata 1849 da 1856, sai suka ci gaba da rike Djermakoy dinsu da kuma gabatar da mulki na wani babban yankin Djerma, kuma suka musulunta . A ƙarƙashin Djermakoy Kossom (r. 1856-65), Dosso ya haɗa dukkanin Djerma ta gabas, kuma ya bar karamar karamar kasa daga Tibbo da Beri a arewa, zuwa Gafiadey a kudu, da kuma Bankadey da Tombokware a gabas.

## Mulkin mallaka na Faransa
Sojojin mulkin mallaka na Faransa sun fara shiga yankin a cikin shekarar 1890s kuma sun tarar da Dosso yana kawance da al'umomin Fula da kananan jihohi kamar Kebbi da sauran jihohin Djerma, da Dendi, da Gourounsi (a cikin Burkina Faso ta zamani) jihohin Hausa zuwa gabas (a cikin yanzu Kudancin Nijar), kuma har yanzu tana fafutukar ƙwato yankin da ta riƙe a 1865. 

Zarmakoy  Attikou (r.1897-1902) ya ɗauki taimakon soja da sojojin Faransa suka bayar a Karimama (yanzu Benin ), amma ya gano cewa bayan nasarar da sojoji suka yi da magabtansa a 1898, sojojin Faransa sun kasance a Dosso, inda zasu zauna har shekaru 60 masu zuwa. Attikou ya wakilta tattaunawar ga yariman sa Awta, kuma wannan makomar Zarmakoy ya cilla tauraron sa ga ikon Faransa.  Duk da tashin hankali, Faransawa sun sami ɗaya daga cikin ƙawayensu kaɗan a yankin, kuma wannan ƙawancen larurar ta zo ta amfani Dosso kamar yadda ya cutar da su. Tare da taimakon Faransa, Zarmakoy Awta (r.1902-13) ya riƙe duk abin da ke Sashen Dosso na zamani, kuma tare da taimakonsa, Faransawan sun kawar da tawayen da jagorancin Marabout mai kwarjini a yankin Dosso  Zarmakoy na Dosso an haɗa shi cikin tsarin Mulkin Mallaka na Faransa ta hanyar nau'ikan Dokar Kai tsaye wanda ba kasafai yake da girma da ci gaba a Afirka ta Yamma ta Faransa ba . A mafi yawan wurare Faransawa sun kafa sarakuna a ƙauye ( *Chef du Canton* ) waɗanda Faransa ta fifita su a kan sarakunan gargajiya, don haka suka dogara gaba ɗaya da Faransanci. A Dosso, Faransanci ya ba Zarmakoy izinin ci gaba da faɗaɗa yankinsa kawai da faɗaɗa yankinsa da zaɓan nasa magaji, ci gaba da kasancewa tare da mulkin kafin mulkin mallaka, da tsayawa sama da nasa *Chefs du Canton* a matakin yanki. Faransawa sun dogara da Zarmakoy na Dosso, cewa a cikin 1923 sun ƙaura da babban birnin ƙasar na lokacin daga Nijar daga Zinder, gidan masarautar Damagaram mai mulkin mallaka zuwa wani ƙauye a yankin Dosso wanda zai zama Yamai .

## Ƴanci
Yayin da 'yancin kai ya kusanto a cikin shekarun 1950, Nijar na ɗaya daga cikin yan tsirarun yankuna na Afirka ta Yamma ta Faransa ba tare da haɓaka rukunin siyasa ba. Zarmakoy na Dosso, a matsayin mai kula da yankin Djerma, ya zama mai ikon mallakar sarki na siyasa don tsari mai zuwa. Jam’iyyun siyasa sun yi fafutukar neman goyon bayan Zarmakoy da manyan shugabannin Hausawa na gabas kuma Zarmakoy na wancan lokacin, Issoufou Seydou, sun taka rawa a siyasar Nijar a lokacin ‘yanci. Zarmakoy Seydou shi ne wanda ya kafa PPN, sannan daga baya ya zama jam'iyyun UNIS, kuma ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban kasa kuma Ministan Shari'a daga Disamba 1958-Oktoba 1959. A yau masarautar Dosso na ci gaba da rike mukamai masu tasiri a duk fadin gwamnatin ta Nijar, tare da yawancin shugabannin da suka zo bayan samun ‘yanci daga Djerma.

Har yanzu  Dosso ya kasance wuri mai mahimmanci, tare da ɗimbin ɗaruruwan masu fada aji waɗanda suka dogara da taimakon Zarmakoy, yayin da masu mulkin gargajiya suka fi yarda da ayyukan zamani. 

## Sarakunan tarihi

* c.1750 &#x2013; ? Zarmakoy Aboubacar
* ? &#x2013; ?; Zarmakoy Laouzo
* ? &#x2013; ?; Zarmakoy Gounabi
* ? &#x2013; ?; Zarmakoy Amirou
* 1856 &#x2013; 1865; Zarmakoy Kassam / Kossom Baboukabiya
* 1865 &#x2013; 1890; Zarmakoy Abdou Kyantou Baba
* 1890 &#x2013; 1897; Zarmakoy Alfa Atta
* 1897 &#x2013; 1902; Zarmakoy Attikou
* 1902 &#x2013; 1913; Zarmakoy Aoûta / Awta
* 1913 &#x2013; 1924; Zarmakoy Moussa
* 1924 &#x2013; 1938; Zarmakoy Saidou
* 1938 &#x2013; 1953; Zarmakoy Moumouni
* 1953 &#x2013; 1962; Zarmakoy Hamani
* 1962 &#x2013; 1998; Zarmakoy Abdou
* 1998 &#x2013; 2000; Zarmakoy Issoufou
* 2000 &#x2013; yanzu; Zarmakoy Maïdanda Saidou 

## Manazarta

* Hoton Djermokay na Dasso, 1936 .