open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Vera Buch

**Vera Wilhelmine Buch Weisbord** (Agusta 19, 1895 - Satumba 6, 1987) 'yar fafutukar siyasa ce ta Amurka kuma mai shirya ƙungiyar kwadago .  

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Vera Buch a Forestville, Connecticut a ranar 19 ga Agusta, 1895. Iyayenta sune John Casper Buch da Nellie Amelia Louisa Crawford. Tun suna ƙanana, iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Bronx, New York . 

Buch ta yi karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Hunter kuma ta kammala karatunta a Kwalejin Hunter a shekarar 1916.   Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, ta kamu da cutar tarin fuka kuma ta yi shekara guda a wani wurin kula da tsofaffi . A lokacin zamanta, ta haɗu da wata mata wadda ta zaburar da ita ta yi nazarin ka'idar tattalin arziki ta gurguzu.  

## Fafutukar siyasa da ƙungiyar kwadago
A shekarar 1918, Buch ta koma Caldwell, New Jersey, inda ta shiga Sashen Hagu na Jam'iyyar Gurguzu . Daga baya ta shiga Ma'aikatan Masana'antu na Duniya da Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Amurka .  

A ƙarƙashin sunan Leona Smith, ta taimaka wajen shirya ma'aikata a lokacin yajin aikin yadi na Passaic na 1926, yajin aiki na farko da 'yan gurguzu suka jagoranta a Amurka. [1] [2] A cikin Passaic, ta haɗu da mijinta na gaba, Albert Weisbord . Sun ƙaura zuwa Detroit, inda Buch ya gyara wasu wasiƙun labarai na masana'antar hagu. [1]

A shekarar 1928, ta je Pennsylvania don taimakawa wajen shirya mata na United Mine Workers a cikin yajin aikin ma'aikatan haƙar kwal. 

Ita ce mai shirya yajin aikin Loray Mill na shekarar 1929 a Gastonia, North Carolina . Jami'an tsaron ƙasa sun shiga tsakani kuma aka kashe wani shugaban 'yan sanda na yankin a lokacin rikicin. An kama Buch da wasu mutane 15 kuma an tuhume su da laifin kisan, amma an sake ta lokacin da aka ayyana zaman shari'a ba bisa ƙa'ida ba.  

## Manazarta
May Chen

**May Ying Chen** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1948) ƙwararriyar mai tsara ayyukan kwadago ce ta Amurka kuma mai fafutukar kare ma'aikatan baƙi. Kafin ta yi ritaya a shekara ta 2009, ta kasance jami'a kuma memba ta kafa AFL-CIO 's Asian Pacific American Labor Alliance (APALA), kuma mataimakiyar shugabar ƙasa da ƙasa ta UNITE HERE .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Chen kuma ta girma a unguwannin birnin Boston . [1] Ta sami digirin BA daga Kwalejin Radcliffe da digirin masters a fannin Ilimi a UCLA . [2] A lokacin da take zaune a California daga 1970 zuwa 1979, ta koyar da azuzuwan makarantun sakandare da na manya, ta koyar da karatun Asiya da Asiya-Amurkawa a Jami'ar Jihar California, Long Beach, sannan ta kafa cibiyar kula da yara a Chinatown da ke LA . [1]

Chen ta koma birnin New York tare da mijinta da 'ya'yanta biyu a shekarar 1979. Tana aiki a Kwamitin Local 6 na kasar Sin (Otal, Gidan Abinci, Ma'aikatan Kulob da Kungiyar Masu Bartenders) a lokacin yajin aikin ma'aikatan tufafi na shekarar 1982 a birnin Chinatown na birnin New York .  Ta samu kwarin gwiwa daga yajin aikin, ta shiga Kungiyar Ma'aikatan Tufafin Mata ta Duniya (ILGWU) a shekarar 1983 kuma ta fara aiki a kan Shirin Shige da Fice na ILGWU a shekarar 1984.  Shirin Shige da Fice, wanda ya taimaka wa dubban membobin ILGWU neman zama 'yan kasar Amurka, shi ne sashen kare hakkin 'yan cirani na farko da kungiyar ta kafa. Ta fara aiki cikakken lokaci a Sashen Ilimi na ILGWU a shekarar 1989. Ta kuma yi aiki tare da wasu kungiyoyin kwadago, tana aiki a Kwamitin Ma'aikata na Asiya na Majalisar Ma'aikata ta Tsakiyar Birnin New York, Hukumar Zartarwa ta Kasa ta Kungiyar Mata ta Kungiyar Ma'aikata ta Asiya da Pacific ta Amurka (APALA), kuma a matsayinta na jami'a kuma memba da ta kafa kungiyar AFL–CIO ta AFL–CIO . Ta ci gaba da zama Mataimakiyar Shugabar Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta UNITE HERE, manajan ILGWU Local 23-25, kuma sakatariyar Hukumar Haɗin Gwiwa ta Yankin Birnin New York. 

## Manazarta
Bonnie Castillo

**Bonnie Castillo** ita ce babbar darekta ta National Nurses United da kuma ta California Nurses Association/National Nurses Organizing Committee . [1] [2] [3] Castillo ta kuma rike mukaman daraktan hulda da gwamnati na CNA/NNOC da kuma daraktan lafiya da tsaro na NNU. [4] [5] [6] Ta kasance tare da CNA/NNOC kusan shekaru ashirin a fannoni daban-daban, tana aiki har zuwa ga shugabancin kungiyar tun daga farkonta a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya mai rijista wacce ta taimaka wajen hada cibiyarta, ga ma'aikata sannan kuma ta jagoranci shiryawa, zuwa darakta, kuma yanzu zuwa matsayinta na yanzu a matsayin babbar darekta. [1] An nada Castillo cikin jerin mutane 100 mafi tasiri a duniya na shekarar 2020. [7] A watan Janairun 2021, an nada Castillo cikin jerin sunayen mutane 100 ' The Nation na shekara-shekara, wanda ke girmama masu fafutukar ci gaba da shugabanni wadanda suka taimaka wajen ci gaba da rayuwa da kuma kafa harsashin canji a 2021. [8]

## Manazarta
Heidi Durham

**Hildreth (Heidi) Durham** 'yar Amurka ce mai ra'ayin gurguzu kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam tare da Jam'iyyar 'Yancin Gurguzu da Mata Masu Ra'ayin Ra'ayi . Durham tana ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da suka fara aiki a Seattle City Light, inda ta fuskanci manyan shingaye saboda yawan nuna wariyar jinsi da kuma haɗarin da ya kusan kashe ta wanda ya sa ta gurgunta har tsawon rayuwarta. A shekarar 1991, Durham ta kasance 'yar takara a zaɓen Majalisar Birnin Seattle a kan tikitin Jam'iyyar 'Yancin Gurguzu tare da Yolanda Alaniz.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Heidi Durham a shekarar 1953 a San Pedro, Los Angeles, California. Mahaifiyarta ta gurgunta saboda cutar sclerosis mai yawa, wanda ya haifar da sanin rashin adalci ga Durham tun tana ƙarama.  Mahaifinta minista ne wanda ya kasance mai adawa da addini a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu kuma ya yi magana don goyon bayan haƙƙin jama'a da kuma yaƙi da Yaƙin Vietnam . Manyan 'yan uwanta sun shiga zanga-zangar adawa da yaƙi a Jami'ar California, Berkeley da kuma ƙoƙarin raba kan jama'a tare da Kwamitin Haɗa Kai na Dalibai (SNCC). Durham ta ƙaura zuwa Arewa maso Yammacin Pacific a shekarar 1971 don halartar Jami'ar Western Washington da ke Bellingham, Washington . A shekarar 1973 ta ƙaura zuwa Seattle, inda 'yar uwarta, Guerry Hodderson, wacce ta riga ta zama memba ta gabatar da ita ga Mata Masu Ra'ayin Ra'ayi. 

## Aikin Seattle City Light

A shekarar 1974, an ɗauki Durham aiki kuma an karɓe ta a cikin shirin horar da mata masu sana'ar lantarki, wani shiri na tabbatar da daidaito wanda Clara Fraser ta tsara a Seattle City Light don haɗa mata cikin ayyukan sana'o'in da maza suka fi rinjaye. Durham ita ce mafi ƙarancin wanda aka horar, bayan ta cika shekaru 21 a lokacin da aka fara shirin. An kuma karɓi wasu membobin mata biyu na Radical Women, Megan Cornish da Teri Bach a cikin shirin. Duk da haka, an soke shirin bayan mako na farko, saboda rashin jituwa tsakanin Fraser da gudanarwa. Bayan shekara guda, an kori takwas daga cikin mata goma da aka horar, a hukumance saboda rage kasafin kuɗi amma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaukar fansa. An kuma kori Fraser cikin watanni. Durham ta shiga ƙara tare da wasu mata bakwai da aka horar a kan Seattle City Light suna zargin nuna wariya bisa ga jinsi. A shekarar 1976, kotu ta yanke hukunci a kan matan, inda ta umarci City Light ta mayar da su aiki kuma ta sa su cancanci shiga aikin koyon sana'o'i . [1]

## Manazarta
Wendy Carrillo

**Wendy Maria Carrillo Dono** (an haife ta a ranar 10 ga Agusta, 1980) 'yar siyasa ce 'yar asalin ƙasar Salvador wadda ta yi aiki a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar California daga 2017 zuwa 2024. 'Yar jam'iyyar Democrat ce, ta wakilci gundumar Majalisar Jiha ta 52, wadda ta ƙunshi sassan arewa maso gabashin Los Angeles da Gabashin Los Angeles .  Kakakin Majalisar Anthony Rendon ne ya rantsar da ita a matsayin mukami a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2017, bayan ta lashe zaɓe na musamman don maye gurbin ɗan majalisar dokoki Jimmy Gomez .  Carrillo ita ce baƙon Salvador na farko kuma baƙon da ya fara zama ba bisa ƙa'ida ba da aka zaɓa a Majalisar Jiha. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Wendy Carrillo a El Salvador a ranar 10 ga Agusta, 1980, babbar 'ya'ya mata biyar. Mahaifiyarta ta yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka lokacin da Carrillo ke ƙarama, domin tana jin cewa ba shi da haɗari a zauna a El Salvador saboda yaƙin basasa . Mahaifiyar Carrillo tana aiki a matsayin mai kula da jarirai . Daga wannan lokacin, ta sami damar adana isassun kuɗi don kawo Carrillo, tare da kakar Carrillo da innarsa, zuwa Amurka. [1] Ta ƙaura zuwa Los Angeles tana da shekaru 5, kuma ta girma a Boyle Heights da City Terrace . Ta sami izinin zama a shekara 13 bayan mahaifinta ya roƙe ta. Tana da shekaru 21, ta nemi zama ɗan ƙasa kuma an ba ta izinin zama ɗan ƙasa. [1]

Carrillo ta halarci makarantar firamare ta Harrison, makarantar sakandare ta El Sereno da kuma makarantar sakandare ta Roosevelt. Ta kammala karatun digiri a Kwalejin Gabashin Los Angeles da kuma Kwalejin Jihar Cal ta Los Angeles . Carrillo ta sami digiri na biyu, tare da mai da hankali kan ilimin kididdiga da siyasa, daga Jami'ar Kudancin California . 

## Aikin farko
Tsawon shekaru goma, ta kasance mai masaukin baki kuma mai gabatar da wani shiri na rediyo na al'umma mai suna "Knowledge is Power" a KPWR 106 FM. Carillo ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin marubuciya kuma furodusa ga Nuvo TV. Ta kuma kasance mai bayar da gudummawa akai-akai ga Pivot's Take Part Live, Huff Post Live, The Young Turks ' *The Point* da Al Jazeera America . A shekarar 2014, ita ce ta kafa Reported.ly, wacce ta kasance kamfani na sada zumunta wanda ke da nufin bayar da rahotanni kan batutuwan rikici, 'yancin ɗan adam da ƙungiyoyin siyasa .  Ta kuma kasance manajan sadarwa na ƙungiyar ma'aikata mai suna Local 271, reshen Los Angeles na Service Employees International Union . 

A shekarar 2017, Carrillo ta sanar da niyyarta ta tsayawa takarar maye gurbin dan majalisar wakilai Xavier Becerra na wancan lokacin bayan nadinsa a matsayin babban lauyan California .  Carrillo ya samu kashi 5% daga bisani kuma ya sha kaye a hannun dan majalisar jiha na wancan lokacin Jimmy Gomez da lauya Robert Lee Ahn.  Gomez ya kayar da Lee Ahn, inda ya samu kashi 60.1% na kuri'un da aka kada kuma aka rantsar da shi a hukumance a ranar 11 ga Yuli, 2017.  

## Majalisar Dokokin Jihar California

## Manazarta
Helena Dudley

**Helena Dudley** (Agusta)&nbsp;31, 1858&nbsp;– Satumba&nbsp;29 ga Janairu, 1932) ma'aikaciyar jin dadin jama'a ce ta Amurka, mai shirya kwadago, kuma mai fafutukar zaman lafiya. A matsayinta na darektan Denison House da ke Boston daga 1893 zuwa 1912, ta kasance shugaba mai tasiri a farkon yunkurin sulhu, kuma ta taimaka wa dubban bakin haure matalauta da ma'aikata a lokacin da shirye-shiryen agaji na gwamnati ba su da yawa. Saboda tsananin yanayin aiki a wuraren shakatawa na gida, wanda ta ji ta bakin maƙwabtanta na gidan zama, ta ƙara himma a cikin ƙungiyar ma'aikata . Ta taimaka wajen shirya Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Mata a 1903, kuma ta goyi bayan yajin aikin Bread and Roses a 1912. Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya ta yi aiki don haɓaka Ƙungiyar Ƙasashe, kuma tsawon shekaru da yawa ta kasance babbar mamba a Ƙungiyar Mata ta Duniya don Zaman Lafiya da 'Yanci .

### Gidan Denison
Dudley ta yi aiki a matsayin babbar ma'aikaciya, ko kuma darakta a gidan Denison House daga 1893 zuwa 1912. Ta isa lokacin tashin hankalin 1893, nan da nan ta fara aiki don tsara gidan a matsayin hukumar agaji wacce za ta iya rarraba kayan masarufi kamar madara da kwal. A watan Disamba ta fara ɗakin dinki, wanda ke ɗaukar mata 324 aiki a lokacin hunturu. [1] Cibiyar Tunawa da Wells ta samar da ɗakunan aiki kyauta, kuma Dudley ta tara kuɗi don kayan aiki da sauran kuɗaɗe. Don ƙaramin albashi na senti 75 a rana, matan suna ƙera rigunan ciki, rigunan asibiti, lilin gado, da sauransu ga cibiyoyi kamar Red Cross da Asibitin Birnin Boston. A cikin rubutaccen bayaninta game da aikin, Dudley ta yi taka tsantsan ta lura cewa matan ba sa fafatawa da kasuwancin gida; misali, ma'aikatan jinya galibi suna yin rigunan asibiti a lokacin hutunsu a wurin aiki. [2]

A ƙarƙashin jagorancinta, Denison House ta zama muhimmiyar cibiyar unguwa, tana ba da azuzuwan aikin jinya, adabin Ingilishi, sana'o'i, girki, da aikin kafinta, da kuma wasanni da sansanin bazara ga yara, da kuma kulab na manya. Tana da ɗakin karatu, wurin motsa jiki, da kuma asibiti.  Daga baya, Dudley ta yi haɗin gwiwa da Robert Archey Woods da sauran mazauna South End House &#x2014; gidan zama na farko na Boston, wanda ke da 'yan tubalan kaɗan &#x2014; don gudanar da nune-nunen fasaha, gudanar da binciken gidaje, da kuma yaƙin neman zaɓe don gidajen wanka na jama'a da wuraren motsa jiki.  Tare da Woods da sauran shugabannin ƙungiyoyi kamar Jane Addams da Mary Simkhovitch, ta taimaka wajen shirya Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Matsugunan a 1908. 

### Fafutukar Ma'aikata
Yawancin ma'aikatan matsugunan mata ne na sama-tsakiya zuwa na sama, waɗanda, kamar yadda Dudley ya yarda, suna da aƙalla abubuwa da za su koya daga al'umma kamar yadda ya kamata su ba da gudummawa.  A cikin wani jawabi da ya yi a Wesleyan Hall a 1895, Dudley ya ce matan kwalejin sun koyi, ta hanyar aikinsu a gidan matsugunan, "game da yanayin da ke matsa wa masu karɓar albashi. Mun sami mata suna yin riguna akan 37 da rabi senti a dozin... kuma saboda wannan ilimin ne muka fara sha'awar ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago." 

## Manazarta
Genora Johnson Dollinger

**Genora Johnson Dollinger** (Afrilu20, 1913 Oktoba11 ga Disamba, 1995) ta kasance mai shirya ƙungiyar kwadago ta Amurka kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ma'aikata, wacce aka fi sani da taimakawa wajen shirya yajin aikin Flint a watan Disamba na 1936. Dollinger ta shirya ƙungiyar taimakon mata da kuma rundunar gaggawa ta mata a yajin aikin, waɗanda suka taimaka wa ma'aikatan motocin United a yaƙin kwadago a faɗin ƙasar. An shigar da Dollinger cikin zauren shahararru na mata na Michigan a shekarar 1994.

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Genora Albro a watan Afrilu20 ga Fabrairu, 1913.   Ta girma a Flint, Michigan, kuma ta tafi Makarantar Sakandare ta Flint Central .  Ta auri Kermit Johnson, wacce a lokacin ma'aikaciyar masana'anta ce a General Motors, a shekarar 1930.  Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haihuwar ɗanta na farko, ta kamu da cutar tarin fuka, kuma a lokacin da take murmurewa a asibiti, ta karanta game da haƙƙin ma'aikata da gurguzu .  A shekarar 1931, ita da Johnson suka ci gaba da kafa Jam'iyyar Gurguzu ta Flint. 

Dollinger ta taimaka wajen shirya yajin aikin Flint na zama, wanda ya fara daga 1936 zuwa 1937 sakamakon mummunan yanayin aiki a masana'antar GM.  Korafe-korafen ma'aikata a lokacin sun haɗa da tashin yanayin zafi a masana'antar, barazanar korar ma'aikata, dogon aiki, da cin zarafin mata.  A lokacin yajin aikin, Dollinger ta shirya Mata Masu Taimako, wacce ke samar da abinci da kula da yara ga iyalan ma'aikatan da ke yajin aikin. 

A daren watan Janairu A ranar 11 ga watan Nuwamba, 1937, Dollinger ta kafa Rundunar Gaggawa don kare masu kai hari a cikin masana'antar, [1] ta ba da damar kwace masana'antar na tsawon kwanaki 10. [2] Liz Svoboda ta bayyana cewa Rundunar Gaggawa ta mata "nan da nan ta bambanta kanta a matsayin ƙungiyar mata marasa sha'awar alhakin gida", kuma ta ƙara da cewa Genora "ta ce ba za ta yi amfani da kalmar mata a cikin taken rundunar ba domin wani ya yi tunanin suna nan don ciyar da su da kuma saka musu tufafi, ba don faɗa a kan tituna ba. Matan EB suna ɗauke da jemagu, runguma, sarƙoƙi, da bulala a ƙarƙashin dogayen riguna na hunturu. Sun sanya jajayen berets da bandeji masu dacewa don su fito fili a cikin taron jama'a da kuma haɓaka haɗin kai". [1]

## Manazarta
Anne Draper

**Anne Kracik Draper** (4 ga Maris, 1917 - 25 ga Maris, 1973) 'yar Amurka ce mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam kuma mai fafutuka. An haife ta a shekarar 1917 ga baƙi 'yan Poland a birnin New York, ta kammala karatunta daga Kwalejin Hunter . Ita da mijinta, Hal Draper, manyan mutane ne a ƙungiyar Socialists ta Duniya, wata ƙungiyar Trotskyist. Ita ce Daraktan Ma'aikata na Yammacin Tekun Yammacin Turai na Ma'aikatan Tufafi na Amurka (ACWA). Ta kasance mai goyon bayan Cesar Chavez da United Farm Workers da kuma wanda ya kafa Majalisar Labour for Peace and Union WAGE (Women's Alliance to Gain Equity). Ana gudanar da takardunta a Jami'ar Stanford [1] da kuma a ɗakin karatu na North Baker Research Society's California Historical Society. [2]

## Manazarta
RoseAnn DeMoro

**RoseAnn DeMoro** tsohuwar babbar darekta ce ta National Nurses United da kuma California Nurses Association/National Nurses Organizing Committee kuma tsohuwar mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa kuma memba na kwamitin zartarwa na AFL–CIO .  

## Rayuwar kai da ilimi
An haifi DeMoro a St. Louis, Missouri a shekarar 1949 kuma ta girma a unguwa mai aiki. Ta sami digiri a fannin karatun mata daga Jami'ar Kudancin Illinois . Ta yi aure a shekarar 1968, bayan kammala karatunta, ita da mijinta suka koma Santa Barbara, California, inda ta fara aiki a kan digirin digirgir a fannin ilimin zamantakewa. A wannan lokacin, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai shiryawa ga Ƙungiyar Malamai ta Amurka da ma'aikatan malamai na Jami'ar California. Ta daina karatunta don yin aiki a ƙungiyar Teamsters a matsayin mace ta farko da ta shirya taron ƙungiyar Western Conference of Teamsters. Daga baya DeMoro ta bayyana rashin jin daɗin jinsi da ta fuskanta a ƙungiyar Teamsters a matsayin "abin da ba za a iya jurewa ba," kuma a shekarar 1986, ta ɗauki matsayin ciniki a ƙungiyar ma'aikatan jinya ta California.  

DeMoro ta auri saurayinta na makarantar sakandare, Don DeMoro, a shekarar 1968. Suna da 'ya'ya biyu.

## Sana'a
DeMoro ita ce tsohuwar babbar darekta ta National Nurses United, babbar ƙungiyar kwararru da ma'aikata ta ma'aikatan jinya masu rijista a Amurka. De Moro kuma tsohuwar babbar darekta ce ta California Nurses Association/National Nurses Organizing Committee . Ta yi ritaya a watan Maris na 2018.

An wallafa DeMoro a cikin Jaridar New York Times, [1] Jaridar Wall Street, [2] Jaridar Los Angeles Times, [3] Jaridar San Francisco Chronicle, [4] Makon Kasuwanci, da kuma Jaridar Chicago Tribune . [5] Ta kuma bayyana a wasu shirye-shiryen labarai na ƙasa da na California, ciki har da Jaridar Bill Moyers, [6] Jaridar CBS ta 60 Minutes, [7] Jaridar PBS ta Yanzu, [8] da kuma Jaridar Lehrer News Hour . [9]

## Manazarta
Jessica Gonzalez (mai shirya aiki)

**Jessica Gonzalez** (an haife ta a shekarar 1992 ko 1993)  wata mai shirya ayyukan kwadago ce ta Amurka da ke aiki tare da CODE-CWA, ƙungiyar kamfen ɗin tsara ma'aikatan dijital ta ma'aikatan sadarwa ta Amurka . An san ta da aikinta na shirya wasanni na bidiyo da kuma kafa ƙungiyar kare ma'aikata ta A Better ABK, ƙungiyar kare ma'aikata a Activision Blizzard, da kuma kafa ƙungiyar ABK Workers Alliance, ƙungiyar haɗin kai, da ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Game Alliance, ƙungiyar Raven Software .

## Aiki da fafutuka
Gonzalez ta shiga Activision Blizzard (ABK) a shekarar 2015 a matsayin mai gwada ingancin aiki (QA). Ta bar kamfanin na tsawon shekaru kaɗan don yin aiki a *Boundless Entertainment,* amma ta koma ABK a shekarar 2019 har sai da ta bar kamfanin a shekarar 2021 saboda abin da ta yi zargin cewa yana da mummunan yanayi na aiki.    Ta yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a wani kamfanin fasahar kuɗi bayan ta bar aiki,  yayin da take aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin mai shiryawa tare da CODE-CWA. Daga baya ta shiga CODE-CWA a cikakken lokaci.  

Gonzalez ya kuma yi zargin cewa a QA a ABK, ana ɗaukar masu gwajin a matsayin "'yan ƙasa na aji biyu", wanda ABK ta musanta. [1] Wani tsohon abokin aikinta ya shaida wa Axios cewa Gonzalez "shine abin da ya fara fashewar", yana nufin kafa A Better ABK, [2] wanda aka kafa a 2021 bayan ya fita daga aiki don nuna rashin amincewa da martanin kamfanin ga zarge-zargen cin zarafin mata da wariya. [3] Gonzalez da masu shirya ma'aikata sun sake yin zanga-zanga a tsakanin 2021 da 2022. [4]

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan barin ABK, Gonzalez, tare da sauran masu shirya A Better ABK, suka fara wani asusun yajin aiki a GoFundMe don taimaka wa masu shirya taron su ɗauki hutun da ba a biya ba don shiga cikin yajin aikin ƙungiyar. 

## Manazarta
Filin Lisa

**Lisa Field** 'yar siyasa ce kuma mai shirya ƙungiyar kwadago 'yar Amurka wadda ke aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Wakilai ta Massachusetts a gundumar Bristol ta 3. Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat, an fara zaɓen Field a wani zaɓe na musamman a shekarar 2025 da tazarar kuri'u 15. 

Field ƙwararriyar ƙungiyar kwadago ce daga Taunton, Massachusetts . [1] Tana aiki a Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Jinya ta Massachusetts a matsayin mataimakiyar darakta. [2]

## Duba kuma

* 2025–2026 Majalisar Dokokin Massachusetts
* Zaɓen 'yan majalisar dokokin Amurka na 2025

## Manazarta
Carolyn Forrest

**Carolyn Forrest** (an haife ta a ranar 29 ga Yuli, 1932) tsohuwar shugabar ƙungiyar ma'aikata ce ta Amurka.

An haife ta a birnin Paris, Tennessee, kuma Forrest ta koma Michigan tare da mijinta a shekarar 1953. Ta fara aiki a Kamfanin JR Winter a shekarar 1957, inda ta shirya abokan aiki don shiga United Auto Workers . A shekarar 1967, ta fara aiki a ƙungiyar, inda ta zama mace ta farko da ta wakilci ƙungiyar. A shekarar 1977, an naɗa ta a ma'aikatan hedikwatar ƙungiyar a matsayin mataimakiyar gudanarwa, sannan a shekarar 1993 ta lashe zaɓen mataimakiyar shugabar ƙungiyar. [1] [2]

Forrest ta kasance memba a cikin ƙungiyar Coalition of Labour Union Women . A shekarar 1995, an zaɓe ta a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar AFL-CIO, ta maye gurbin Odessa Komer . Ta yi ritaya a shekarar 1998.   

## Manazarta
Cornelia De Bey

**Dr. Cornelia De Bey** (26 ga Mayu, 1865 - 3 ga Afrilu, 1948)  ta kasance mai gyara a zamanin Progressive Era, likitan homeopathic, shugabar makarantar gwamnati ta Chicago, mai fafutukar kare hakkin ma'aikata, kuma shugabar ƙungiyar mata ta neman 'yancin zaɓe . Ta yi aiki tare da sanannen al'ummar Hull House ta masu gyara zamantakewa, ciki har da Jane Addams, Julia Lathrop, Alice De Wolf Kellogg, da Ellen Gates Starr . Ta yi kira ga gyaran manyan makarantu, fallasa cin hanci da rashawa, da ƙara yin shawarwari kan dimokuraɗiyya, da kuma kare haɗin kan malamai.    

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi De Bey a garin Groningen da ke tashar jiragen ruwa ta ƙasar Holland. Mahaifinta, Dr. Bernardus B. De Bey, ya kasance limami kuma farfesa a Jami'ar Groningen .  A shekara ta 1868, lokacin da Cornelia ke da shekaru uku, iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Chicago, Illinois, domin Bernardus ya zama limamin cocin First Reformed Church of Chicago, wata ikilisiyar Dutch.   De Bey ta ci gaba da zama a Chicago har tsawon rayuwarta, tana nutsar da kanta cikin siyasar Zamanin Ci Gaba a Chicago.

De Bey ta sami iliminta a Makarantar Koyon Aiki ta Cook County, wata makarantar horar da malamai a Illinois wadda ke da alhakin horar da malaman Chicago.  Daga nan ta ci gaba da karatun digirinta na likitanci a Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Hahnemannian da ke Chicago. Bayan kammala karatunta a shekarar 1895, ta fara aiki tare da Jane Addams a Hull House, wani gidan zama a Chicago wanda ke kula da mutane da unguwannin Chicago da yawa. 

## Aikin gyara da Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ma'aikata ta Mata (WTUL)

De Bey ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar Settlement House Movement, wata ƙungiyar gyara da ta ba da fifiko ga mata a cikin gyare-gyaren Zamani na Ci Gaba. Mata da ke aiki a ƙungiyar settlement a Amurka sun mayar da hankali kan ilimi, tsafta da wayar da kan iyaye mata masu aiki a Amurka. Mata da yawa suna koyar da ɗaliban da suka ƙaura azuzuwan ilimin manya. De Bey ta kuma shiga cikin ƙungiyar Women's Trade Union League (WTUL), ƙungiyar gyara da mata masu ci gaba suka jagoranta ciki har da Jane Addams. Wannan ƙungiya tana da ƙarfi wajen kare haƙƙin mata, kuma tana da alaƙa da ƙungiyar Settlement House Movement. WTUL ta yi aiki don kafa sa'o'i takwas na aiki da mafi ƙarancin albashi, da kuma soke aikin yara. [1] Shugabanni da membobi sun goyi bayan ma'aikatan masana'antar tufafi mata a lokacin yajin aikin masana'antar tufafi tsakanin 1910 da 1911. [1] De Bey da sauran membobi na ƙungiyar Settlement House sun shiga cikin ƙungiyar WTUL da sauran ƙungiyoyin Reform na Zamani na Ci Gaba saboda mata ne masu ilimi na matsakaici da na sama, kuma suna jin alhakin taimaka wa wasu waɗanda ba su da sa'a fiye da su

## Manazarta
Margaret Haley

**Margaret A. Haley** (15 ga Nuwamba, 1861 &#x2013; 5 ga Janairu, 1939) malamar makaranta ce, mai rajin kare haƙƙin jama'a, kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin mallakar filaye ta Georgist,  wacce aka yi wa lakabi da "mai lalata da ma'aikata".  Haley ita ce wakiliyar kasuwanci ta farko ta Ƙungiyar Malaman Chicago (CTF) kuma shugabar farko a fannin shirya malaman makaranta. A tsawon lokacin da ta yi tana aiki da CTF, Haley ta yi fafutukar gyara rashin daidaiton haraji, ƙara albashin malamai, da kuma fallasa hayar filaye marasa adalci da Hukumar Ilimi ta Chicago ta yi.

## Rayuwar farko da aikin koyarwa
An haifi Haley a Chicago, Illinois, a shekarar 1861 ga iyayenta 'yan asalin ƙasar Ireland; mahaifiyarta ta fito ne daga Dublin, Ireland, kuma an haifi mahaifinta a Montreal, Quebec, Kanada ga 'yan asalin ƙasar Ireland daga County Clare, Ireland . A cikin shekaru shida na farko na rayuwarta, ta zauna a gona. Iyayenta sun goyi bayan fafutukar noma, ciki har da babban mutum.  Sauyin tattalin arziki a shekarun 1880 da koma bayan tattalin arziki na shekarun 1890 sun taimaka wajen fafutukar da ta yi daga baya. A Makarantar Normal ta Illinois da ke Bloomington, Illinois . Haley ta yi amfani da darussan mai ba da shawara kan haraji ɗaya Henry George . A Makarantar Normal ta Cook County da Makarantar Pedagogy ta Buffalo, ta sami koyarwa daga masu ilimi masu ci gaba Francis Wayland Parker da William James . Matsalolin kuɗi na iyali sun sa Haley ta fara koyarwa tana da shekaru 16 a wata makarantar ƙauye a Grundy County, Illinois . Ta ƙaura zuwa Chicago a shekarar 1882 don koyarwa a tsarin makarantar Cook County. A shekarar 1884, ta sami matsayin malamar aji shida a Makarantar Hendricks da ke gundumar Stockyards a gefen Kudu na Chicago . Ta ci gaba da zama a can har sai da ta kammala aikinta na malamar makaranta a shekarar 1900. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Ƙungiyar Malaman Chicago
Haley ta shiga Ƙungiyar Malaman Chicago a shekarar 1898, kuma ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mataimakan shugaban gunduma na farko na ƙungiyar. Yaƙin da aka yi da Hukumar Harper a shekarar 1898 ya zama babban yaƙin farko na Haley a matsayin memba na Ƙungiyar Malaman Chicago. William Rainey Harper, shugaban Jami'ar Chicago, ya jagoranci kwamitin da ya ba da shawarar sake fasalin tsarin makarantun Chicago gaba ɗaya. 

Rahoton Harper ya yi kira da a ƙara ƙarfin shugaban makarantar, a ƙara wa makarantu inganci kamar na kamfanoni, a rage girman hukumar makarantar, a ƙara “ƙwararru” a cikin mukaman jagoranci na ilimi, da kuma gabatar da tsarin albashi bisa cancanta wanda zai fifita malaman makarantar sakandare maza da masu gudanarwa fiye da malaman makarantar firamare mata. Wataƙila mafi shahara, Hukumar Harper ta kuma gabatar da hayar gidaje na shekaru casa'in da tara, ba bisa ga haraji ba, na kadarorin makaranta ga kasuwancin Chicago. [1]

## Manazarta
Louise "Mamma" Harris

**Louise "Mamma" Harris **' yar Amurka ce mai shirya ayyukan kwadago kuma ma'aikaciyar taba. Harris ta shiga cikin Majalisar Kungiyoyin Masana'antu (CIO) a Richmond, Virginia . A shekarar 1938, ta jagoranci wani yajin aiki mai nasara a kan masana'antar taba inda take aiki.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Harris a shekarar 1891  a Richmond, Virginia.  Harris ya fara aiki a wurin ajiye taba na IN Vaughan Export a kusa da 1932.  Harris ya yi aiki a matsayin mai sayar taba, wanda aiki ne mai wahalar aiki tare da ƙarancin albashi da kuma rashin daidaito.  Harris ya fusata da mummunan yanayin aiki da ƙarancin albashi .  Lokacin da Majalisar Ƙungiyoyin Masana'antu (CIO) ta fara shiryawa a Richmond, Virginia, Harris ta ɗauki abokan aiki sittin, duk mata baƙaƙe, tare da ita zuwa taron farko na ƙungiya. 

Harris ya fara yajin aiki, wanda daga baya ya koma yajin aiki a kamfanin taba a shekarar 1938. [1] A lokacin yajin aikin, Harris ne kyaftin din 'yan sanda. [2] Kungiyar Ma'aikatan Tufafi da Yadi ta goyi bayan Harris da sauran, kuma mata fararen fata na kungiyar ma'aikatan masaku suna tafiya tare da masu yajin aikin taba. [3] Harris da sauran sun ci gaba da yajin aikin na tsawon kwanaki 17, wanda ya kai ga mai masana'antar ya zauna tare da masu yajin aikin don cimma matsaya kan mafi kyawun yanayi. [4] Harris da sauran sun sami karin albashi, awanni 8 a rana da kuma 'yancin shiga kungiyar kwadago. [4]

Nasarar yajin aikin ya sa CIO ta ƙirƙiri Kwamitin Shirya Ma'aikatan Taba, wanda Harris ya shiga ciki.  Saboda jagorancinta a ƙungiyar, an san ta da "Missus CIO a Richmond." 

Ted Poston ya yi bayanin Harris da nasarar yajin aikin da aka yi a *New Republic* a shekarar 1940. 

## Manazarta
Rosalinda Guillen

**Rosalinda Guillen** ma'aikaciyar gona ce kuma mai shirya al'umma daga jihar Washington . Ta kasance babbar mai shirya taron ƙungiyar kwadago a gidan giya na Chateau Ste. Michelle da ke kwarin Yakima daga 1987 zuwa 1995 kuma ita ce ta kafa ƙungiyar agaji ta Community to Community Development.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Guillen a Texas amma ta yi yawancin yarintarta a Coahuila, Mexico. Mahaifinta ya fito ne daga ƙauyen 'yan asalin Tarascan a Michoacán amma ya fara aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin ƙaura a Texas bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa. Mahaifiyarta ta girma a matsayin maraya a Coahuila. Guillen ta ƙaura tare da iyalinta zuwa La Conner, Washington lokacin tana da shekaru goma kuma ta zauna a sansanin aiki na ma'aikatan gona, tana taimaka wa iyayenta a gonaki lokacin da ba ta makaranta ba. A lokacin da take da shekaru 17, Guillen ta yi aure ta yi aiki tare da mijinta a matsayin ma'aikacin gona na ƙaura. Daga baya ta yi aiki a Bankin Skagit County na tsawon shekaru 16.    

## Shirye-shiryen ayyukan
Guillen ta fara shiga harkokin siyasa ne ta hanyar Rainbow Coalition, inda aka horar da ita a matsayin mai shirya al'umma don yakin neman zaben shugaban kasa na Jesse Jackson a shekarar 1988.    Ta wannan aikin, ta koyi game da wani ma'aikacin gona da ke shirya gangamin giya a Chateau Ste. Michelle da ke kwarin Yakima ta hannun Ma'aikatan Gona na Amurka (wanda a lokacin yake zaman kansa daga Ma'aikatan Gona na Amurka ). Guillen ta shiga cikin yakin neman zabe, kuma ta zama daya daga cikin manyan masu shirya kuma ita ce shugabar yakin daga 1993 zuwa 1995.      A matsayinta na mai shirya, Guillen ta yi amfani da dabarun da ta koya daga Rainbow Coalition don gina goyon bayan al'umma ga yakin, gami da kirkirar yarjejeniyoyi da kungiyoyin kwadago don kauracewa kayayyakin Chateau Ste. Michelle.   Guillen ta kuma sami damar kawar da nuna wariya ga mata da dama da kuma taimaka wa mata ma'aikatan gona su shiga cikin yakin.   Duk da ƙoƙarin da ma'aikatar giya ta yi na kwace ikon ƙungiyar ma'aikata da dama, a shekarar 1995, ma'aikata sun kaɗa ƙuri'a don amincewa da kwangilar ƙungiyar ma'aikata.   Wannan ya wakilci nasara ga ma'aikatan gona kuma shine kwangilar aiki ta farko tsakanin ma'aikatan gona da wani ma'aikacin gona a jihar Washington.    

Bayan yakin neman zaben Chateau Ste. Michelle, Guillen ta ci gaba da kasancewa mai himma a cikin kungiyar kwadago ta manoma da kuma United Farm Workers (UFW Washington ta kaɗa ƙuri'a don haɗa kai da ƙungiyar ƙasa a shekarar 1994). An aika ta zuwa Salinas, California don taimakawa wajen shirya masu girbin strawberry, kuma daga baya ta riƙe matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar ƙasa ta UFW. [1] [2] Guillen kuma ta shiga cikin La Unión del Pueblo Entero (LUPE), wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da Cesar Chavez ya kafa. [1] [3]

## Manazarta
Charlotte Duncan Smith Graham

**Charlotte Duncan Smith Graham** (1912–1993) 'Yar Amurka ce mai dinki kuma mai shirya ma'aikata. Ta jagoranci manyan yajin aiki a Dallas, Texas da sauran wurare kan masana'antar kera tufafi, kuma memba ce mai himma a cikin kungiyoyin kwadago .

## Tarihin mutum
An haife ta a Dallas, a shekarar 1912. Duk da cewa ta yi aure sau biyu, ba ta da 'ya'ya. Mijinta na biyu shi ne Frank W. Graham. Ta rasu a shekarar 1993. 

## Yanayin aiki
A wata hira ta tarihi ta baki, Graham ta ce yanayin masana'antun Justin-McCarty yana da zafi, datti, kuma ba shi da fanfo. Ma'aikata suna sanya tsoffin riguna da ake kira "ragagi" saboda suna yin gumi sosai, kuma ba sa barin kujerunsu saboda an kawo musu ƙarin aiki. Ta ce gudanarwa ta ɗauki ma'aikatansu a matsayin "ba kamar ɗan adam ba," tana kwatanta lokacin da allura ta shiga ta yatsanta kai tsaye. Ba a ba ta hutu na dogon jira (awa ɗaya da rabi) don ganin likita ba kuma ba a biya ta kuɗin magani ba. 

Charlotte Duncan Graham ta jagoranci mata goma sha biyu wajen neman izinin haya daga Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Tufafin Mata ta Duniya (ILGWU) saboda fushin da suka yi kan yanayin aiki. Wani misali shi ne lokacin da aka hana abokin aikin Graham yin amfani da bandakin kuma sakamakon haka ya yi hatsari. Cikin fushi, Graham ta shiga bandakin na tsawon rabin sa'a, "tana ƙarfafa manaja ya kore ta". An ba wa ma'aikatan damar yin amfani da bandakin ne kawai a lokacin abincin rana na minti talatin ko kuma hutun minti goma sha biyar na yamma. [1] Bayan yajin aikin banɗaki na minti 30 na Graham, ta kammala lokacin horo, bayan haka za ta karɓi dala 12 a mako. Madadin haka, a ƙarshen lokacin horon, Justin-McCarty zai kori ma'aikata, ya sake ɗaukar su aiki a matsayin masu koyon aiki. Wannan ya hana kamfanin bin alƙawarin albashin dala 12 a mako. Bugu da ƙari, Justin-McCarty ya yi aiki a kan dokar masana'antar tufafi da ke iyakance sa'o'i 36 na mako ta hanyar sa ma'aikata su fita da ƙarfe 5 na yamma, su tafi ta ƙofar baya, sannan su dawo ƙofar gaba su yi aiki ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba har zuwa ƙarfe 11 na dare [2]

## Manazarta
Dorothy Haener

**Dorothy Haener** (Disamba 18, 1917 - Janairu 6, 2001) ta kasance mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ma'aikata a Sashen Mata na Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Motoci ta Duniya kuma ta kafa Ƙungiyar Mata ta Ƙasa .

## Rayuwar farko da aikin ƙungiyar kwadago
An haifi Dorothy Haener a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 1917, a Detroit, Michigan . [1] Bayan kammala karatun sakandare a shekarar da ta gabata, Haener ta sami aikin walda a Kamfanin Wayne Wire Cloth a shekarar 1937. [1] Ta rasa aikinta a can bayan mummunan yanayin aiki na kamfanin ya sa ta shiga kamfen don shiga ƙungiyar. A shekarar 1941, an ɗauki Haener aiki a sabuwar masana'antar harba bama-bamai ta Ford, Willow Run . [1] Yayin da ta fara aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin sashen, daga ƙarshe ta sami horo a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Ford don dubawa tare da taimakon ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Motoci ta United . [1] Haener ta yi aiki a can a matsayin mai duba har sai da Kaiser-Frazer ta sami ikon sarrafa Willow Run a lokacin bazara na 1944, kuma aka sallami Haener daga aiki. Har sai da aka sake ɗaukarta aiki a masana'antar Kaiser-Frazer a ƙarshen 1946, tana aiki a masana'antar kayan wasa. Ba ta sami damar dawo da tsohon matsayinta ba kuma aka ɗauke ta aiki don yin aikin malamai mai ƙarancin albashi. [1] A ƙoƙarin inganta albashi, Haener da wasu sun haɗa sassan malamai da injiniya a ƙarƙashin United Auto Workers a matsayin Local 50. [1] Haener ya hau kan sahun UAW a hankali, inda aka zaɓe shi a kwamitin ƙungiyar Local 50, daga baya kuma ya zama amintaccen babban Local 142, wanda ya ƙunshi Local 50 a wannan lokacin, sannan ya shiga babban kwamitin tattaunawa na Local 142. [1]

A shekarar 1952, an karɓe Haener a matsayin ma'aikacin shirya ayyukan gyaran motoci na ƙasa wanda shugaban UAW Walter Reuther ya bayar. A wannan lokacin ta taimaka wa ma'aikatan fasaha da ofis su shiga ƙungiyar a ƙarƙashin UAW.  A lokacin da take kan wannan matsayi, ta kuma taimaka wajen ƙirƙirar wani sashe na mata daban a cikin UAW kuma ta matsa wa dukkan matakan UAW lamba don ƙara wa mata damarmaki a can.  A shekarar 1961 ta bar ma'aikatan shirya ayyukan UAW ta shiga Sashen Mata na UAW.  A lokacin da take Sashen Mata na UAW, ta taimaka wajen gano hanyoyin tura mata da yawa zuwa ga ayyukan da ke biyan kuɗi mai yawa, kamar ta hanyar sa su shigar da ƙara da yin shawarwari.  Haener ta yi ritaya daga UAW a shekarar 1982.  

## Manazarta
Dolores Huerta

**Dolores Huerta** ( pronunciation haife ta a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 1930) shugabar ma'aikata ce ta Amurka kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata. Bayan ta yi aiki na tsawon shekaru da dama tare da Ƙungiyar Kula da Al'umma (CSO), ta kafa Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Gona ta Ƙasa (NFWA) tare da abokan aikinta Cesar Chavez da Gilbert Padilla, waɗanda daga ƙarshe suka haɗu da Kwamitin Shirya Ma'aikatan Gona (AWOC) don zama Ma'aikatan Gona na Haɗaka (UFW). Huerta ta taimaka wajen shirya yajin aikin inabi na Delano a shekarar 1965, tana gudanar da kamfen ɗin kauracewa aiki a gabar tekun gabas da kuma yin shawarwari da kamfanonin inabi don kawo ƙarshen yajin aikin. Wasu  sun yaba mata da ƙirƙirar taken UFW "  "( transl. 'eh za ka iya'). 

Duk da cewa da farko ta yi adawa da wasu ra'ayoyin mata, kamar 'yancin zubar da ciki da hana haihuwa, Huerta daga ƙarshe ta zama mai goyon bayan haƙƙin mata. Ta yi aiki tare da Gidauniyar Yawancin Mata (FMF) don taimakawa matan Latina su ƙara himma da kuma bayyana a siyasa, ta yi fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata na haihuwa, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar girmamawa ta taron mata na 2017 a Washington, DC.

A shekarar 2002, ta kafa Gidauniyar Dolores Huerta (DHF), wata kungiya mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a da ke Bakersfield, California. Tana da himma a harkokin siyasar Democrat kuma ta goyi bayan yakin neman zaben Robert F. Kennedy, George McGovern, Al Gore, Howard Dean, Hillary Clinton, Kamala Harris, da Joe Biden . Ita ma mai goyon bayan 'yancin LGBTQ da gyaran shige da fice ce .

Huerta ta sami kyaututtuka da dama saboda aikinta na mai shiryawa, ciki har da kyautar 'yancin ɗan adam ta Eleanor Roosevelt, kyautar Hispanic Heritage Award, da kyautar Puffin/Nation Prize for Creative Citizenship . Ta kuma sami lambar yabo ta Shugaban ƙasa ta 'Yanci a 2012. A 2018, Gwamnan California Jerry Brown ya sanya hannu kan dokar da ta ayyana 10 ga Afrilu a matsayin "Ranar Dolores Huerta" a California. An sanya hannu kan irin wannan doka a Oregon a 2019. Rosario Dawson ne ya fito da ita a fim ɗin Cesar Chavez na 2014 kuma ita ce batun shirin Dolores na 2017.

## Manazarta
Judy Irola

**Judith Carol Irola** (23 ga Nuwamba, 1943 - 21 ga Fabrairu, 2021) ta kasance mai shirya fina-finai 'yar Amurka, mai shirya fina-finai, kuma darakta. Mace ta uku da ta shiga cikin American Society of Cinematographers, ita ce shugabar sashen sinima a Makarantar Fasaha ta USC na tsawon shekaru 15 kuma ta riƙe kujera a Conrad Hall a fannin Cinematography a can.    Irola ta haɗu ta kafa reshen Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Watsa Labarai da Fasaha ta Ƙasa a San Francisco a 1969, kuma ta kasance memba ta farko a ƙungiyar fina-finan Cine Manifest mai ɗan gajeren lokaci a 1972.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Judith Carol Irola a ƙauyen Fresno, California, a ranar 23 ga Nuwamba, 1943.  Iyayenta, Barbara da Johnny Irola, manoman tumaki ne, kuma kakanninta sun yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka a shekarar 1917 daga yankin Basque na Spain. Tana da ƙannenta mata biyu, Jeanne da Barbara Jo. 'Yan'uwa mata uku za su je bikin ranar Asabar a gidan sinima na gida.  Daga baya ta rubuta tarihin yadda aka rene su a gona a cikin wani gajeren shirinta na shekarar 2014 mai suna *The Sheepherder's Daughters* . 

Irola ta bar kwaleji don zuwa Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Tsakiyar California don koyon dabarun sakatariya. Daga nan ta yi amfani da waɗannan a ayyukan yi a London da Seville. A shekarar 1965, ta shiga Peace Corps, kuma bayan watanni uku da ta yi horo a Amurka, ta yi shekaru biyu a Nijar inda ta taimaka wajen inganta tsarin ruwa da tsafta, gina makarantu da kuma samar da muhimman ilimin kiwon lafiya.  Daga baya ta sake duba wannan lokacin a cikin shirinta na 2010 *mai suna Niger '66: A Peace Corps Diary* . 

Bayan Nijar, Irola ta koma San Francisco ta fara aiki a ofisoshin KQED-TV . Ta fara aiki a sashen fina-finai a ƙarshen mako, kuma daga ƙarshe suka ɗauke ta aiki a matsayin mai ɗaukar hoto na cikakken lokaci. 

## Sana'a a fim
A lokacin da take sashen fina-finai na KQED-TV, Irola ta kafa reshen ƙungiyar ma'aikatan watsa labarai ta ƙasa da kuma masu fasaha a yankin Bay. Da farko ta kasance mai kula da shago, ta kuma zama Shugabar reshen. 

A shekarar 1972, KQED-TV ta wargaza sashen fina-finanta. Irola ta haɗu ta kafa Cine Manifest, ƙungiyar fina-finan Marxist, tare da Gene Corr, Peter Gessner, John Hanson, Stephen Lighthill, Rob Nilsson da Steve Wax. Ita ce mace ɗaya tilo a cikin ƙungiyar. Sun yi shirye-shiryen fina-finai, sanarwar ayyukan jama'a ga Amnesty International da kuma fina-finai biyu masu fasali. Irola ta sake duba ƙungiyar tare da fim ɗinta na fim mai suna Cine Manifest na 2006. [1] Irola ta kasance mai ɗaukar hoto a fim ɗin Northern Lights, fim ɗinsu na farko mai fasali. Ta lashe kyautar Caméra d'Or a bikin fina-finan Cannes na 1979 kuma an yaba mata saboda fim ɗinta. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] Wani mai suka ya kwatanta aikin Irola da ɗaukar hoto na Dorothea Lange . [7]

## Manazarta
Odessa Komer

**Odessa Creekmore Komer** (29 ga Yuni, 1925 &#x2013; Yuli 15, 2004) ɗan ƙungiyar kwadagon Amurka ne.

An haife ta a Kemper County, Mississippi, kuma Komer ta koma Michigan tare da iyalinta, tun tana ƙarama. Ta bar makarantar sakandare shekaru uku kafin ta kammala karatunta, don neman kuɗi ga iyalin a masana'antar Ford Motor Company . Ta yi aure a shekarar 1945 kuma ta bar aiki don renon iyali, amma ta koma Ford a matsayin mai haɗa kayan aiki a shekarar 1953, ta shiga ƙungiyar United Auto Workers . Ta sadaukar da mafi yawan lokacin hutunta ga ƙungiyar, kuma ta zama mace ta farko da aka zaɓa a ofishinta a cikin ƙungiyar. A shekarar 1964, ta cimma yarjejeniya cewa za a yi la'akari da matsayi yayin da ake ba da ayyuka.    

A shekarar 1967, Komer ta fara aiki cikakken lokaci a ƙungiyar, a matsayin darektan ilimi na Yankinta na 1. Daga 1972, ta kuma yi aiki a kwamitin amintattu na Kwalejin Al'umma ta Macomb . A shekarar 1974, an zaɓe ta a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar ƙungiyar, inda ta maye gurbin Olga Madar . [1] [2] [3] A shekara mai zuwa, an naɗa ta shugabar sashen mata na ƙungiyar, inda ta taimaka wajen kafa majalisun mata a faɗin ƙasar. Ta kuma jagoranci ƙalubalen Kotun Ƙoli wanda ya yi nasara wanda ya cire takunkumin hana mata masu shekaru haihuwa yin aiki a yankunan da ake ganin suna da haɗari. An sake zaɓe ta a wannan matsayi har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya, a shekarar 1991, lokacin da Carolyn Forrest ta maye gurbinta. [2] [4]

## Manazarta
Maɓallin Vivian Schuyler

**Vivian Schuyler-Key** ( wanda aka haifa a **Vivian Schuyler** ; 3 ga Nuwamba, 1905 - 1990), ƙwararriyar mai zane ce ta Amurka, mai sassaka, mai buga takardu, mai zane, kuma mai zane.   Ta fara aiki tun daga shekarun 1920, tana aiki a cikin Harlem Renaissance .   Ayyukanta da aka zana sun haɗa da zanen mai 'rai mai rai' na furanni, shimfidar wurare, da hotuna. Ta fi mai da hankali kan ainihin zahiri.

An haifi Vivian Schuyler a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 1905, ga iyayenta baƙaƙe Henry Foster Schuyler, da Jessie Valentine Schuyler.  Mahaifinta yana aiki a matsayin mai horar da 'yan wasa kuma ma'aikaciyar gida ce. An haife ta a Hempstead, New York, kuma ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Hempstead inda ta kasance editan fasaha na littafin shekara-shekara na makarantar sakandare. Ta kammala karatunta da difloma a 1923 kuma ta ci gaba da samun tallafin karatu na Jihar New York, a wannan shekarar.

Ta hanyar amfani da wannan tallafin karatu na Jihar New York, Schuyler-Key ta halarci Makarantar Fasaha ta Pratt Institute (wanda yanzu ake kira Pratt Institute) daga 1923 zuwa 1926. Bayan kimanin shekaru 20, a 1947, Schuyler-Key ta kammala karatunta kuma ta kammala karatunta da digirinta daga Makarantar Fasaha ta Pratt Institute.   Ita ce mace bakar fata ta farko da ta kammala karatunta daga Cibiyar Pratt. 

## Sana'a
Bayan kammala karatun Schuyler Key ta nuna zane-zanenta, kuma an nuna wasu abubuwan da aka nuna a cikin ƙungiyoyi, ciki har da a Kwalejin Spelman (1930) da ke Atlanta, Georgia;  Gidan zane-zane na Jami'ar Howard (1932) da ke Washington, DC;  Gidan zane-zane na Skylight (1990) da ke Brooklyn;  Gidan zane-zane na Soapstone (1993) da ke Decatur, Georgia;  da Gidan Tarihi na Hammonds (2012) da ke Atlanta, Georgia. 

Ta koyar da zane-zane Otto Neals sassaka dutse. 

Schuyler Key ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin darakta a Verina Morton Jones da Mary White Ovington 's Lincoln Settlement House a 105 Fleet Place a Brooklyn; da kuma darakta a Glen Cove Settlement House a Long Island.

## ''Rikicin''
A shekarar 1927, tana da shekaru 22, Schuyler Key ta lashe kyautar Amy E. Spingarn Krigiva saboda zanen murfin mujallar NAACP, *[[Rikicin|The Crisis]]* .   Murfin da ta tsara shine fitowar Nuwamba 1927 wanda ya ƙunshi labarai daga WEB Dubois, GW Buckner, Joseph Maree Andrew, Effie Lee Newsome, da sauransu. Murfin da ta tsara yana ɗauke da wata mace sanye da farar riga, tana rera waƙa tare da wasu mutane da yawa. An kuma nuna kalaman "Lift Every Voice and Sing" a murfin wannan fitowar. 

## Wasika zuwa ga WEB Dubois
A ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, 1961, Schuyler-Key ya rubuta wa WEB Dubois wasiƙa, yana taya shi murna kan wallafe-wallafensa da kuma aikin da ya yi. A wannan lokacin na Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama, Dubois bai sami "kyautar nasarorin da ya samu ba."  Schuyler-Key da Dubois sun yi aiki tare sama da shekaru 30 da suka gabata, a fitowar The Crisis ta Nuwamba 1927. Saboda tsawon lokacin da suka ɗauka tsakanin haɗin gwiwar, Schuyler-Key ya tunatar da shi a cikin wannan wasiƙar kuma ya ba da labarin kyakkyawar karramawar da hotonta na shi ya samu.

## Manazarta
Julie Kushner

**Julie Kushner** (an haife ta kimanin shekara ta 1952) 'yar siyasa ce 'yar Amurka kuma 'yar kwadago mai ritaya. Ta yi aiki a United Auto Workers, kuma an zaɓe ta a Majalisar Dattawan Jihar Connecticut a shekara ta 2018.

## Rayuwar farko da iyali
Iyayen Julie Kushner sune Sheldon da Marcia Kushner. [1] [2] Su dai Kushners suna zaune ne a Iowa a shekarun 1950, [3] lokacin da aka haifi Julie Kushner. [4] [5] Tana da 'yar'uwa, Cathy, da 'yan'uwa, Michael da Benjamin. [1] [2] Kushner ta girma ne a cikin dangin Yahudawa a Hamburg, Iowa, inda mahaifinta yake sayar da kayan abinci. [6] A shekarun 1960, iyalanta sun koma garin mahaifinta, Lincoln, Nebraska . [6] [3] Bayan kammala karatun firamare a Gundumar Makarantar Al'umma ta Hamburg, [7] Kushner ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Irving ta Lincoln, [8] [9] sannan ta kammala karatunta a Makarantar Sakandare ta Lincoln Southeast . [10] Ta halarci kwalejoji biyar, inda ta kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Wisconsin . [6] Kushner ta ƙaura zuwa birnin New York tare da mijinta na farko a shekarar 1977. [6] Kafin dangantakar ta ƙare, ma'auratan sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu. [6] Daga baya Kushner ta sake yin aure da Larry Morgan, [1] wanda ta sake haifa masa ɗa. [6] [11] Kushner da iyalinta sun ƙaura zuwa Danbury, Connecticut, a shekarar 1993. [11]

## Ma'aikatan Motoci na Hadin gwiwa
Kushner ta kasance sakatare na tsawon shekaru uku, bayan kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Wisconsin.  Daga baya ta shiga United Auto Workers (UAW), wata ƙungiyar ma'aikata. A lokacin da take matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar gundumar 65 ta UAW,  Kushner ta yi fafutukar neman ma'aikatan malamai da fasaha a Jami'ar Columbia .  Kokarin da UAW ta yi na wakiltar ma'aikatan malamai na Columbia ya ɗauki shekaru biyar,  gami da zaɓen wakilci mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce da aka gudanar a watan Mayu 1983.  An ba da takardar shaidar gundumar 65 ta UAW don wakiltar ma'aikatan malamai da fasaha na Columbia a watan Fabrairu 1985.   A lokacin yajin aikin kwana biyu a tsakiyar Nuwamba 1991 wanda ma'aikatan malamai na Columbia suka shirya, Kushner ya ce, "Mutanenmu sun gaji da ƙin amincewa da Columbia na amincewa da cewa ana biyan membobinmu ƙarancin albashi kuma ba a yi musu adalci ba. Don haka muna ƙara wa Columbia da abokanta fifiko."  A shekara ta 2000, a matsayinsa na darektan yanki na UAW, Kushner ya yi aiki don kafa ƙungiyar masu bincike na digiri na biyu a Jami'ar New York .   Zuwa shekara ta 2002, an fara ƙoƙarin kafa ƙungiyar malamai masu taimako a NYU.  UAW ta lashe zaɓen wakilci da aka gudanar a watan Yuli na wannan shekarar.  A lokacin da Kushner ke aiki a matsayin darektan yanki, UAW ta wakilci malamai masu taimako a Jami'ar New School .  Bayan shawarar da shugaban NYU John Sexton ya yanke a shekarar 2005 na janye amincewa da ƙungiyar ɗaliban digiri na biyu a makarantar,  Kushner ta shiga zanga-zangar watan Agusta na 2006 game da shawarar,  wanda aka soke a shekarar 2013.   Kafin ta yi ritaya daga UAW a watan Yunin 2018,   Kushner ta taimaka wa ƙoƙarin UAW na kafa ƙungiyar ɗaliban digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Columbia. 

## Manazarta