open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Semi madauwari

**Ƙarƙashin madauwari** (wanda kuma aka sani da ***demi-lune*** ko **rabin wata**) fasaha ce ta girbi ruwan sama wanda ya ƙunshi tono ramukan semilunar a cikin ƙasa tare da buɗewa daidai da kwararar ruwa.

## Fage
Waɗannan ramukan suna fuskantar gangaren ƙasa, suna haifar da ɗan ƙaramin digo acikin yanki mai lanƙwasa tare da ƙasa daga ramin kanta, don haka suna kama ruwan sama da ke gudana a ƙasa.

Wadannan sifofin suna ba da damar ruwa ya shiga cikin ƙasa, yana riƙewa a cikin ƙasa mai yawan danshi. Amma kuma, yana hana asarar ƙasa mai albarka .

Ana amfani da bunds mai madauwari mai madauwari don sake dazuzzukan dazuzzukan dazuzzukan tare da yanayin ruwan sama ba bisa ka'ida ba, yana ba da damar ci gaban tsirrai da bishiyoyi, kamar acikin Sahe.

## Duba kuma

* Zai
* Basin shiga ciki
* Noman noma
* Babban Green Wall
* Girbin ruwan sama a yankin Sahel

## Manazarta
Ƙungiyar Lambuna ta Jama'ar Amirka

**Ƙungiyar Al'umman Lambuna ta Amirka**(ACGA)ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta masu sa kai,ƙwararru da ƙungiyoyin membobin da ke aiki don tallafawa korewar al'umma a yankunan karkara da birane a faɗin Kanada da kuma Amurka.ACGA da  ƙungiyoyin membobinta, suna aiki tare don haɓaka abinci na al'umma da aikin lambu na ado, adanawa da sarrafa sararin samaniya, gandun daji na birni,da tsare-tsare da haɗin kai da gudanar da haɓaka birane da ƙauyuka.

## Duba kuma

* Aikin lambu na al'umma a Amurka

## Kara karantawa

* Landwehr Engle, Debra. *Alheri Daga Lambun: Canza Duniya Lambun Lambu Daya A Lokaci.* Littafin Rodale : 2003.  .
* Schaye, Kim da Chris Losee. *Ya Fi Ƙarfi Fiye da Datti: Yadda Ma'aurata ɗaya na Birane suka bunƙasa Kasuwanci, Iyali, da Sabuwar Hanyar Rayuwa daga Sama.* Rubutun Rivers Uku: 2003. ISBN&nbsp; .

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Yanar Gizo na Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Amirka
Kogin Kaeo

**Kogin Kaeo** kogi ne dake arewa mai nisa na tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankin New Zealand. Yana bi ta arewacin yankin Arewacin Auckland Peninsula, ya isa teku a tashar Whangaroa. Ƙananan garin Kaeo yana zaune a kan bankunansa,  daga bakin kogin.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Kaihu

**Kogin Kaihu** kogi ne dake arewa mai nisa na tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankin New Zealand . Yana gudana kudu maso gabas daga kudu dajin Waipoua, ya isa kogin Wairoa a garin Dargaville .

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Kaiikanui

**Kogin Kaiikanui** kogine dake Northland, New Zealand.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Kaikou

**Kogin Kaikou** kogi ne dake Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankin New Zealand . Yana gudana da farko arewa, sannan gabas, daga karshe kudu, daga tushensa kusan rabin tsakanin Dargaville da Kaikohe, kafin ya hade tare da rafin Moengawahine ya zama kogin Hikurangi .

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Manazarta
Kogin Kawakawa

**Kogin Kawakawa** yana cikin Arewa na kasa Tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankinNew Zealand . Yana gudana galibi gabas zuwa Opua, inda ya haɗu da Inlet ɗin Waikare don gudana cikin tashar Veronica a ƙarshen Bay of Islands .

Ruwan kogin ya kai har garin Kawakawa . Sunan yana canzawa zuwa rafin Waiomio, rafin Otiria da rafin Waiharakeke.

Mafi tsayin  katako railway gada dake Kudancin Hemisphere ta haye kogin a Taumarere a matsayin wani yanki na Bay of Islands Vintage Railway .

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand
Kogin Kenana

**Kogin Kenana** kogi ne dake Arewacin Auckland Peninsula, a Tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankin New Zealand. Shine gano wurin a arewa na da peninsula,kuma yana gudana zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na Mangonui, mashigar ruwa a kudu na Doubtless Bay.

## Manazarta
Kogin Kumengamatea

**Kogin Kumengamatea kogin** ne dake Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankin New Zealand. Yana gudana kudu maso yamma zuwa kogin Awaroa kusa da fitowar ta zuwa cikin kogin Wairoa .

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Mangakāhia

**Kogin Mangakahia** kogi ne dakeArewa na Tsibirin Arewa Kasa wanda yake yankin New Zealand. Yana gudana zuwa gabas daga tushensa a cikin dajin Mataraua, yana juya kudu maso gabas bayan kimanin  akan shiga tare da ƙaramin kogin Awarua .Yana haɗuwa da Kogin Opouteke kusa da Pakotai, sannan ya juya gabas, har sai ya haɗu da Kogin Hikurangi . Daga nan sai ta sake komawa kudu, ta wuce Titoki sannan ta hade tare da kogin Wairua don samar da kogin Wairoa kusan rabin tsakanin Whangarei da Dargaville .

Ma'aikatar Al'adu da Tarihi ta New Zealand ta ba da fassarar "rafi na kurangar inabin New Zealand passionfruit" don *Mangakāhia* . 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Mangamuka

**Kogin Mangamuka kogi** ne dake arewa mai nisa na Yankin Arewa wanda yake yankin New Zealand . Yana gudana gabaɗaya kudu daga Ragin Maungataniwha kudu maso gabas na Kaitaia, kuma ƴan kilomita na ƙarshe na tsawonsa suna da faɗi, silti hannu na tashar Hokianga, wanda ya kai  arewa maso gabashin Rawene.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Manganui (Kasar Arewa)

**Kogin Manganui** mafi girma na New Zealand kogi ne dake Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankin New Zealand. Yana bin hanya gabaɗaya yamma daga tushen sa yamma da Ruakaka kafin fitowar ta zuwa cikin Kogin Wairoa  gabas da Dargaville .  An lura da ƙananan hanyar kogin don ƙaƙƙarfan hanya,mai karkata hanya ta cikin ƙasa mara kyau, kuma tafkunan oxbow da yawa suna da alaƙa da wannan shimfidar kogin.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Karukaru Stream

**Kogin Karukaru** kogine dake yankin New Zealand ne.  Wani yankine na kogin Wairua, yana tasowa yamma da Maungatapere kuma yana gudana zuwa yamma zuwa wannan kogin kudu da Titoki .

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Kaiwaka

**Kogin Kaiwaka** kogi ne na dake Arewa kasa wanda yake yanki New Zealand. Yawancin tsayinsa, babban hannu ne na Kogin Otamatea, gwargwadon mashigar tashar Kaipara a matsayin kogi na gaskiya.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Mangapa

**Kogin Mangapa** kogi ne dake arewa mai nisa na tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankin New Zealand. Yana tafiya kudu daga tushensa a cikin dajin Omahuta don isa kogin Waipapa  yamma da Kerikeri. 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Mangapai

**Kogin Mangapai kogin**e dake Arewacin  na Tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankin New Zealand . Wataƙila an fi siffanta shi da wani silsilar hannu na Harbour Whangarei, mai nisan  saboda kudu na Whangarei . Matsakaicin faɗinsa yana da wasu , amma yanayin rashin hankali na tafarkinsa yana nufin cewa rafin da kansa ya fi kunkuntar.

Ma'aikatar Al'adu da Tarihi ta New Zealand ta ba da fassarar "kyakkyawan rafi" don *Mangapai* . 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Mangate

**Kogin Mangatete** ko **kogin Mangatete rafi** ne dake Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankin New Zealand .Yana kwararowa arewa maso yamma daga asalinsa zuwa gabas da Kaitaia,ya isa tashar ruwan Rangaunu zuwa gabashin Awanui .

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Mangawai

**Kogin Mangawai** kogin ne dake tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankin New Zealand. Yana gudana gabas zuwa Kogin Wairoa kusa da fitowar sa zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Kaipara.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Māngere

**Kogin Māngere** kogine dake Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankin New Zealand. Yana gudana gabaɗaya yamma daga tushensa a tsaunuka arewa maso yamma na Whangarei, yana haɗuwa da Kogin Wairua  arewa maso yammacin Maungatapere .

A lambar yabo ta kogin New Zealand na shekara-shekara a cikin 2014, an ba shi "Mafi Ingantattun Kyauta." 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Mangonuiowae

**Kogin Mangonuiowae** kogi ne dake  Arewa na kasa wanda yake yankin New Zealand. Shine yankin kogin Rotokakahi, wanda ya kai  arewa maso gabas na Whangape Harbor

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Matakohe

**Kogin Matakohe kogine dake**Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankin kasar New Zealand . Kogin wani ɗan gajeren rafi ne na kogin Arapaoa, wanda ya haɗu da  gabas da Ruawai . 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Mataroa

**Kogin Mataroa** kogi ne dake New Zealand ne. Shine arewa kasa na yankin kogin Whakapara, wanda yake haduwa kusa da yankin Opuawhanga.

## Manazarta
Kogin Omanaia

**Kogin Omanaia kogine dake** Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankin New Zealand . Yana gudana arewa maso yamma daga dajin Waima, na farko a matsayin rafi sannan kuma a matsayin siltiyar hannu na tashar Hokianga . Garin Rawene yana tsaye a wurin da kogin ya hadu da babban ruwan tashar jiragen ruwa.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Umaru

**Kogin Omaru** kogi ne dakeArewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankin New Zealand. Yana gudana gabaɗaya arewa daga koguna da yawa waɗanda suka samo asali daga arewa maso yamma na Paparoa, har zuwa kogin Manganui mai tazarar kilomita 20 arewa maso gabas da Ruawai .

Ma'aikatar Al'adu da Tarihi ta New Zealand ta ba da fassarar "wurin tsari" na *Ōmaru* . 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Opouteke

**Kogin Opouteke,** (a cikin samansa da ake kira **Opouteke Stream** ), kogi ne dake Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankin New Zealand . Yana gudana gabaɗaya gabas, ya isa kogin Mangakahia arewa da Pakotai da kilomita 30 daga arewa da Dargaville.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Opurehu

**Kogin Opūrehu** kogi ne da ke Arewa da Tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankin New Zealand. Yana gudana kudu daga ƙarshenMaungataniwha Range don isa kogin Mangamuka a ƙaramin ƙauyen Mangamuka.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Orira

**Kogin Orira** kogi ne dakeArewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankin New Zealand . Yana gudana kudu maso yamma, kuma tsawonsa yana da hannun arewa maso yamma na Harbour Hokiang .

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand
*
Kogin Imini

**Kogin Imini** () wani kogi ne aMorocco. Yana zubo wane ta Atlas Mountains sanna ya shiga Ouarzazate River, da kuma Draa River. Yana bada fili a gurin da kuma korayen ganye  da kuma ruwa me kyau. 

## Manazarta
Kogin Motuti

**Kogin Motuti** ɗan gajeren kogi ne mai fadi a cikin Yankin Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankinNew Zealand . Mafi girman hannu na tashar Hokianga fiye da kogin gaskiya, yana gudana kudu daga mazaunin Motuti zuwa babban tashar Hokianga  yammacin Rawene .

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
*
Kogin Ohuri

**Kogin Ohuri kogine dake** Arewa kasa wanda yake yankin New Zealand. Yana gudana zuwa arewa don isa kogin Waima kilomita biyar kudu maso gabas da Rawene.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Ikopa

**Kogi** ne a Madagascar wanda ya ratsa ta Antananarivo a cikin Betsiboka. Kogin yana da girma.

Tushensa yana kan dutsen Angavokely, a ƙarƙashin sunan *Varahina* a cikin gundumar Andramasina a tsayin mita dubu daya da dari takwas da goma.
Kogin Ihosy

**Kogin Ihosy** kogi ne a Fianarantsoa Province a cikin Madagascar. Yana zubo wane ya cika Bekisopa, ta hanyar ƙauyen Ihosy (akan ), tahaka aka samo sunansa.

## Manazarta
Dajin Birni na Ƙasar Baƙar fata

**Dajin Birane na Ƙasar Baƙar fata** (BCUF) wani shiri ne na mai da gandun daji na birane ya zama yanayin yanayin ɗaya daga cikin yankunan masana'antu na Ingila, Ƙasar Baƙar fata.

Ba gandun daji bane a ma'anar zamani na babban yanki na katako da aka sarrafa. Yafi kusa da tsohon ra'ayi na gandun daji na sarauta - babban yanki mai yawa tareda amfanida ayyuka daban-daban na ƙasa, sai dai maimakon yin sadaukar da kai don jin dadin 'yan kaɗan, BCUF shine abin jin dadi ga dukan mutane, daga duk al'amuran da suke rayuwa aciki.

## Asalin
BCUF ta samo asaline daga Forest Millennium, aikin gandun daji na birane mafi girma da aka taɓa gudanarwa a Birtaniya-wani babban shiri na dasa bishiyoyi na birane da kuma kula da gandun daji na birane, yana haifar da karuwa mai yawa acikin yanki na itace a yankin.

Ƙasar Baƙar fata (bangaren ƙungiyar West Midlands wanda ya ƙunshi birnin Wolverhampton da Gundumar Dudley,Sandwell, da Walsall) shine 'ƙasar' juyin juya halin masana'antu, kuma gadon wannan babban yanki ne na ƙasa mara kyau.Ko da a farkon ƙarni na 19th da 20th ƙungiyar reafforesting Midland tana ƙirƙirar sabbin gandun daji akan tsoffin tukwici da sauran wuraren da suka dace a duk yankin. A ƙarshen ƙarni na 20 an saita maƙasudin buƙatun kuma an ƙaddamar da haɓɓaka mai yawa na shuka.

## Ci gaba
Aikin nasara, Treeways, ya mayar da hankali kan hanyoyin sufuri a yankin, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin matuƙin jirgi. Lamari na da son rai na huɗu acikin wannan aikin - Birnin Uni na ƙasa(Nufu), Dogara ga Birmingham da ƙasar Blackasar Burtaniya, Transungiyar Burtaniya ta Amurka (BTCV)da ƙasa. Sun cigaba da yin aiki kafada da kafada da kananan hukumomi hudu don ba da shawara kan shirin karni. Duk da koma baya, da matsaloli tare da cimma dukkan abubuwan da aka tsara, aikin ya yi nasara da gaske, kuma manufar BCUF ta cigaba.

Kazalika da dashen itatuwa da kula da gandun daji, an tallafa wa sana’o’in da suka dogara da itace, an gudanar da bukukuwa da ayyukan da aka shirya don jawo hankalin al’ummomin yankin da kuma nazarin halittun yankin.

Asusun Millennium na Burtaniya ne ya dauki nauyin aikin dajin Millennium, wanda ya yi daidai da tallafin farfado da gwamnatin Burtaniya da Turai, tallafi daga Hukumar Kula da gandun daji da sauran hanyoyin da yawa. Jimlar kudin ya haura fam miliyan bakwai.

An fara aiki mai kama da wannan a cikin 2006/7, filin shakatawa na Black Country na £ 50m.

Alhaki ga dajin Birane na Baƙar fata a yanzu an raba tsakanin Groundwork Black Country da masu mallakar ƙasa, kowannensu ya shiga aikin sadaukarwa na shekaru 99, yarjejeniyar doka tare da Hukumar Millennium .

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Dogaran Dabbobi: Black Country Urban Forest (PDF)
* Millennium.gov.uk
Al'umma a cikin Bloom

**Al'umma acikin Bloom** ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta Kanada, wacce ke haɓɓaka gasa ta sada zumunci tsakanin al'ummomin Kanada don ƙawata wuraren zaman jama'a. An kafata ne a shekarar 1995 a matsayin gasa ta kasa tsakanin al’ummomi 29, kuma tun daga nan aka faɗaɗa ta zuwa haɗa gasa a fannoni daban-daban, na ƙasa da kuma na lardi. Gasar kuma ana kiranta *Al'umma a cikin Bloom*.

Domin shiga gasar,dole ne al'umma tayi rajista tare da Communities in Bloom, kuma ta gabatar da biyan kuɗi wanda ya dogara da yawan al'ummar al'umma.Har'ila yau, biyan kuɗin ya dogara da ko al'umma suna shiga gasar lardi ko na ƙasa.

An raba gasar zuwa sharudda shida:

* Tsaftace,
* Sanin Muhalli,
* Kiyaye Al'adunmu,
* Dajin Birane,
* Yankunan da aka shimfida, da
* Nuni na fure.

Ana kimanta kowace al'umma bisa iyawarta don inganta al'umma acikin waɗannan nau'ikan. An baiwa al'ummomi *lambar yabo ta Bloom* dangane da nasarorin da suka samu daga ɗaya zuwa biyar. Ana kuma gane kowace al'umma don samun nasara a wani yanki ko ta wani shiri na musamman.

Hakanan ana bada kyaututtukan rukuni ga al'ummomin dake nuna ƙarfi a rukuni ɗaya musamman.

## Kyaututtuka na ƙasa
Ƙungiyoyin acikin lambar yabo ta ƙasa sun kasance sun karbi baƙuncin gundumomi daban-daban a faɗin Kanada.

## Duba kuma

* Amurka a cikin Bloom
* Front Yards a cikin Bloom

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Al'umma a cikin gidan yanar gizon Bloom
Kogin Ibrah

**Ibrah River** ko kuma **Wadi Ibrah** (Ana kiran shida Ibra) wani Kogi ne a Darfur a sudan Sudan.  Yana zubo wane ta Marrah Mountains, sannan ya tafota kudu maso gabar yasa mo endorheic Lake Kundi.
Gidauniyar Dasa itatuwan 'ya'yan itace

**Gidauniyar Dasa itatuwan 'ya'yan itace (FTPF)** ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta Pittsburgh tareda reshe a babban tsibirin Hawaii da shirye-shiryen agaji a duniya. FTPF wata ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa da ƙasa da ta keɓe don dasa itatuwan 'ya'yan itace don rage yunwar duniya, yaƙi da sauyin yanayi, ƙarfafa al'ummomi, da haɓɓaka iska, ƙasa, da ruwa dake kewaye. Shirye-shiryen FTPF suna bada gudummawar gonakin noma da dabarun girbi inda girbin zaifi yiwa al'ummomi hidima ga tsararraki, a wurare kamar makarantun jama'a, wuraren shaƙatawa na birni,lambunan al'umma, unguwannin masu ƙaramin ƙarfi, ajiyar 'yan asalin Amurkawa, wuraren bada agajin yunwa na duniya, da wuraren kare dabbobi. Manufar FTPF ta musamman tana amfanar muhalli, lafiyar ɗan adam, da jin daɗin dabbobi—duk lokaci guda. David (Avocado) Wolfe ne ya kafa FTPF. Mai hangen nesa na FTPF da shugaban kasa, David Wolfe, da mahaliccinsa da TreeEO, Cem Akin, suna tunanin duniya mai lafiya inda itatuwan 'ya'yan itace ke bada yanayin muhalli tareda iska mai kyau, ƙasa mai wadata, da abinci mai ɗorewa.

## Duba kuma

* Tsaron abinci
* Lambun birni motsi
* Sake dazuzzuka na birni

## Manazarta
Lazafo

**Lazafo** wani kara min kogine a gabashin Madagascar.

Bakin sa yana ta Indian Ocean a birnin Mahambo ta region na Analanjirofo.

## Manazarta
Ƙungiyar Arboriculture ta Duniya

**Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya na Arboriculture**, wadda aka fi sani da **ISA**, ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa mai hedikwata a Atlanta, Jojiya, Amurka. ISA tana hidimar masana'antar kula da itace a matsayin ƙungiyar memba mai biyan kuɗi da ƙungiyar ƙididdiga waɗanda ke haɓaka aikin ƙwararrun aikin gonaki. ISA tana mai da hankali kan samar da bincike, fasaha, da damar ilimi ga ƙwararrun kula da itace don haɓɓaka ƙwarewar aikin gonakin su. Har ila yau,ISA tana aiki don ilimantar da jama'a game da fa'idodin itatuwa da kuma buƙatar kulawar da ta dace.

A duk duniya,ISA tana da mambobi sama da 22,000 da 31,000 masu ƙwararrun kula da bishiyar ISA tare da surori 59, ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa, da ƙwararrun masu alaƙa a cikin Arewacin Amurka, Asiya, Oceania, Turai, da Kudancin Amurka.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Shafin Gida na Ƙungiyar Arboriculture ta Duniya
Luntiang Pilipinas

**Luntiang Pilipinas** shiri ne na gandun daji na birni na kasa acikin Philippines, wanda Sanata Loren Legarda ya kafa acikin shekara ta alif dari tara da casa'in da takwas 1998, ya himmatu don habaka kariyar muhalli da wayar da kan jama'a a tsakanin Filipinas.

## Shiga zaben 2019
Domin ya tsaya takara a jerin jam’iyyu a zaben fidda gwani na jam’iyyar 2019, Luntiang Pilipinas ya mika takardar shaidar tsayawa takara da karbuwa a ranar 16 ga watan Oktoba, shekarar 2018. Kungiyar-jerin jam'iyyar ta zabi Harry Roque, tsohon mai magana da yawun shugaban kasa, da Ciara Sotto, mawaka da 'yar wsan kwaikwayo. Daga baya, Roque zai janye daga takarar don tsayawa takarar Sanata, kuma Michael Lim Ubac, tsohon dan jarida na jaridar Philippine Daily Inquirer, ya maye gurbinsa. Legarda ta kasance daya daga cikin wadanda aka zaba a jerin jam'iyyar, amma ta bayyana aniyarta ta tsayawa takarar majalisar wakilai a Antique.Luntiang Pilipinas ya samu kuri'u 59,096 ne kawai, wanda ya gaza yawan adadin da ake bukata don samun akalla kujera daya a majalisar wakilai.

## Manazarta
Ɓangaren gandun daji na Ƙasa

**Sashen gandun daji na Biritaniya** (**NUFU**) wata ƙungiyar agaji ce ta Biritaniya da aka kafa a 1995 don haɓaka gandun daji na birane.Gandun daji na birni shine kulawa da kula da bishiyoyi guda ɗaya da yawan bishiyoyi acikin birane don manufar inganta yanayin birane. Gandun daji na birni ya ƙunshi duka tsarawa da gudanarwa, gami da shirye-shiryen kulawa da ayyukan kula da gandun daji na birane.

Sashin gandun daji na kasa, kungiyar agaji ce ta karsa wacce tayi aikin wayar da kan jama'a kan kyakkyawar gudumawar da bishiyoyi ke bayarwa wajen kyautata rayuwa a garuruwa. Ta bada gudummawar dazuzzukan birane da na al'umma ga waɗanda ke magance matsalolin kamar kiwon lafiyar jama'a, nishaɗi da nishaɗi, sake fasalin ƙasa, gina gine-gine, gado da ilimi. An haife shi a shekara ta 2005.

Manufofin Ƙungiyar Gandun Dajin Birane na Ƙasa sune: Don ƙara wayar da kan jama'a, fahimtar juna da goyon bayan jama'a ga bishiyoyi a garuruwa; don karfafa tsarin dabarun bunkasa gandun daji na birane; don haɓɓaka ƙwarewar fasaha, bincike, ƙididdiga da ƙima mafi kyau a duk fannoni na gandun daji na birane; don bada fifikon ƙasa don musayar bayanai da kyakkyawan aiki acikin gandun daji na birane; da kuma yin nasara kan ayyukan cigaban yawan ayyukan dajin Birtaniyya da na al'umma.

NUFU ta samo asaline daga ƙaramin rukunin gandun daji na ƙasar Black Country zuwa ƙungiyar agaji ta ƙasa. Ya kafa dajin Birane na Baƙar fata, shirin dajin birane wanda Hukumar Millennium ke tallafawa, wanda ya sami kadada 362 na sabon shukar daji acikin Baƙar fata.

NUFU ta kuma samar da jerin nazarin shari'ar mafi kyawun aiki a cikin gandun daji na birane, yanzu an kiyaye su a cikin tarihin yanar gizo ta Ƙungiyar Wildlife Trust don Birmingham da Black Countr.

## Manazarta
Kogin Oruru

**Kogin Oruru kogine dake**Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankin New Zealand . Yana gudana zuwa arewa daga tushen sa kudu da Mangonui don isa kogin Taipa mai  daga Taipa .

Ma'aikatar Al'adu da Tarihi ta New Zealand ta ba da fassarar "wurin naman alade " don *Ōruru* . 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand
Gundumar Sanatan Anambra ta Tsakiya

**Gundumar Sanatan Anambra ta tsakiya** a jihar Anambra na ɗaya daga cikin gundumomin Sanata uku dake jihar. Tana da ƙananan hukumomi bakwai (7). Waɗanda suka haɗa da: Awka ta Arewa, Awka ta Kudu, Njikoka, Anaocha, Idemili ta Arewa, Idemili ta Kudu da Dunukofia.    Tana da rumfunan zaɓe 1,556 (Pus) da wuraren rajista 109 (RAs) a lissafin shekarar 2018 Ofis ɗin hukumar INEC da ke Amawbia, ƙaramar hukumar Awka ta Kudu ita ce cibiyar tattara sakamakon zaɓe. Wannan gundumar Sanatan ta mamaye babban birnin jihar Anambra, Awka, da kewayenta. Hakanan tana da fitattun mutane waɗanda suka haɗa da ƴan kasuwa da ƴan siyasa.

## Manyan Mutane a Gundumar Anambra ta Tsakiya

Uche Ekwunife, Sanata

Micheal Ajegbo, Tsohon Sanata

Peter Obi, Tsohon Gwamnan Jihar Anambra, ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa 

Dora Akunyili, Tsohuwar Shugaban Hukumar NAFDAC

Tony Muonagor, Jarumi kuma mawaki

Ifeanyi Okoye, mai Juhel Kyamis Pharmaceutical

## Sanannun Wurare a Gundumar Sanatan Anambra ta Tsakiya

Jami'ar Nnamdi Azikiwe, Awka

Asibitin Koyarwa ta Jami'ar Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, dake Amaku, Awka

Jami'ar Paul.

Gidan Gwamnatin Jihar, Awka

Farfesa Kenneth Dike State Central e-Library, Awka.

## Jerin Sanatocin da suka wakilci Anambra ta Tsakiya

## Manazarta
Kogin Otaua

**Kogin Otaua kogine dake** Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankin New Zealand . Yankin kogin Punakitere ne, wanda ya kai  kudu da fitowar karshen zuwa cikin kogin Waima

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Pahi

**Kogin Pahi** kogi ne dake a Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankin New Zealand. Yana gudana gabaɗaya yamma daga asalinsa kudu maso yamma na Maungaturoto, kuma ƴan kilomita na ƙarshe na tsawonsa ya zama hannun silti na sama na Harbour Kaipara . Ya zama ɗaya daga cikin makamai na Kogin Arapaoa, a arewa maso gabas na tsarin tashar jiragen ruwa.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Pairatahi

**Kogin Pairatahi kogin**e dake Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankin New Zealand. Gabaɗaya tana bi ta arewa har ta isa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Rangaunu zuwa arewa maso gabashin Awanui.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Paranui

**Kogin Paranui kogi** ne dake Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa Wanda yake yankin New Zealand. Yana tafiya arewa daga tushensa a kusa da Paranui don isa kogin Taipa  daga Taipa . 

Kamus ɗin ya bayyana kogi a matsayin babban rafi na halitta. The Paranui ana kiransa rafi ta Hukumar New Zealand Geographic,  ko da yake ba ta ba shi sunan hukuma ba, amma taswirar 1: 50,000 ta nuna shi a matsayin kogi. 

## Nassoshi
Kogin Peria

**Kogin peria**  kogi ne da ke Arewa da Tsibirin Arewa wanda ke yankin New Zealand. Yana gudana gabaɗaya arewa daga asalinsa a cikin Maungataniwha Range don isa kogin Oruru  kudu da Mangonui. 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Pataua

**Kogin Pataua** wani kogi tidal ne dake Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankin New Zealand . Yana gudana arewa maso gabas daga asalinsa gabas da Whangarei, ya isa Tekun Pasifik a kudancin ƙarshen Ngunguru Bay . A bakinsa, kogin yana gefen yankunan Pataua North da Pataua ta Kudu, wadanda ke hade da gadar kafa .

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Patutahi

**Kogin Patutahi kogin**e dake Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankin New Zealand . Tafsirin kogin Kaikou, yana gudana arewa maso yamma kafin ya juya kudu maso yamma don shiga Kaikou  kudu da Morewa.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Perunui

**Kogin Perunui** ɗan gajeren kogi ne dake Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda ke yankin New Zealand. Yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan kogunan ciyarwa na tsarin Hokiang Harbor .

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Pohuenui

**Kogin Pohuenui kogine dake**Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda ke yankin New Zealand. Yana gudana kudu maso gabas, ya isa kogin Waipu kusa da bakin ƙarshen, nan da nan arewacin garin Waipu .

Ma'aikatar Al'adu da Tarihi ta New Zealand ta ba da fassarar "babbar shukar hawan hawa" don *Pōhuenui* . 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Manazarta
Kogin Racehorse

**Kogin Racehorse kogi ne dake**Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda ke yankin New Zealand . Yana gudana kudu maso gabas zuwa tashar  Whangaruru  gabas da Paihia .

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Rangitane

**Kogin Rangitane** ɗan gajeren kogi ne dakeArewa na Tsibirin Arewa Wanda ke yankin New Zealand. Yana gudana zuwa gabas don isa kogin Tahoranui  arewa da Kerikeri.

## Duba kuma
* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Rotowhenua

**Kogin Rotowhenua** kogi ne dake Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda ke yankin New Zealand . Wani ɗan gajeren kogi mai faɗi, yana gudana cikin kogin Awaroa don samar da hannun arewa na tashar  Whangape . 

## Nassoshi

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand
Kogin Taheke

**Kogin Taheke** kogi ne dake Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda ke yankin New Zealand . Yana gudana arewa daga asalinsa a tsaunuka zuwa gabashin Whangarei yana zuwa kogin Waitangi kusa da bakinsa a Ngunguru Bay . 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Tahoranui

**Kogin Tahoranui kogi,ne** dake Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankin New Zealand . Yana gudana arewa maso gabas daga asalinsa kusa da mazaunin Te Whau don isa Tekun Pacific a Takou Bay, kilomita 10 arewa da Kerikeri .

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
.

## Manazarta
Kogin Taiharuru

**Kogin Taiharuru** kogi ne dake Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankin New Zealand .Yana kwararowa ne galibi daga arewa maso gabas daga tushenta a gabashin Whangarei, yana kwarara zuwa kudancin iyakar Ngunguru Bay . Kusan rabin tsayin kogin wani kwari ne da ya nutse .

Ma'aikatar Al'adu da Tarihi ta New Zealand ta ba da fassarar "teku mai sauti" don  . 

## Duba kuma

## Nassoshi
Kogin Taipa

**Kogin Taipa** kogi ne dake Arewa ta Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda ke yankin New Zealand . Yana gudana yamma sai arewa, ya isa kudu da Doubtless Bay a garin Taipa .

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Takahue

**Kogin Takahue** kogi ne dake Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda ke yankin New Zealand .Da farko yana gudana kudu maso yamma daga tushensa a cikin Maungataniwha Range kafin ya juya arewa. Ta wuce yankin Takahue kafin ta isa kogin Victoria mai nisan kilomita bakwai gabas da Kaitaia .

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Takou

**Kogin Tākou** (wani lokaci Takau,  kuma,a cikin samansa ya isa,ciyar da shi **rafin Tākou** ) kogi ne dake Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankin New Zealand . Yana gudana gabaɗaya gabas daga tushensa gabas da Kaeo don isa Tekun Pacific a Tākou Bay,  arewa da Kerikeri . 

Kogin ya kai kusan  dogon. Babban yankinsa shine kogin Hikurua . Kogin Tākou sunan hukuma ne, wanda aka buga a ranar 29 ga Yuli 1948.  Sama da ⅔ na magudanar kiwo ne, inda gandun daji ya ragu zuwa kashi 14.2% da kuma sake haifuwa manuka, kānuka da sauran itatuwan asali wanda ke rufe kusan kashi 6.1% na sa. Phosphorus da e. coli yana gurbata kogin.  An yanke asalin daji ne a cikin 1890s, lokacin da katako ke shawagi a cikin kogin. 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Tapuwae

**Kogin Tapuwae** kogi ne dake Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda ke yankin New Zealand . Yawancin tsayinsa kamar hannun kwarin da aka nutse na tashar Hokianga, wanda ya isa daga arewa kusa da ƙaramin ƙauyen Tapuwae, kilomita biyar arewa maso yamma da Rawene .

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Tauraroa

**Kogin Tauraroa** kogi ne da ka arewacin Tsibirin Arewa wanda ke yankin New Zealand . Yana gudu zuwa yamma daga kusa da gabar tekun gabashin Auckland mai nisan kilomita 15 kudu maso yammacin Whangarei, ta isa kogin Manganui mai tazarar kilomita 15 gabas da Dargaville .

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Tawapuku

**Kogin Tawapuku** kogi ne da ke Tsibirin Arewa a yankin New Zealand. Yana gudana gabaɗaya kudu maso yamma don shiga kogin Awarua mai tazarar kilomita 40 arewa da Dargaville .

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi

*
Te Putaraukai River

**Kogin Te Putaaraukai kogi**ne dake Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankin New Zealand .ya bi ta arewa ya isa tashar ruwan Rangaunu zuwa arewa maso gabashin Awanui .

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Topuni

**Kogin Topuni kogi** ne dake Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankib New Zealand . Yana gudana gabaɗaya kudu, tare da yawancin tsawonsa yana ta cikin wani kwari da ya nutse a arewa maso gabashin tsarin tashar jiragen ruwa na Kaipara . Kogin Topuni ya isa kogin Oruawharo - hannun Kaipara - kilomita 10 arewa maso yammacin Wellsford .

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Waiariki

**Kogin Waiariki** kogi ne da ke Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankin New Zealand . Yana daya daga cikin manyan magudanan ruwa na kogin Wairua, wanda ya isa kusa da yankin Waiotu,kusan rabin tsakanin Whangarei da Kawakawa .

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi

*
Kogin Waiaruhe

**Kogin Waiaruhe** kogi ne dake Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa  Wanda yake yankin New Zealand. Yana gudana arewa maso gabas daga asalinsa kusa da Ngawha Springs don isa arewacin kogin Waitangi kilomita biyar kudu da Kerikeri .

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Waihoihoi

**Kogin Waihoihoi,** kogi ne dake Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa  wanda ke yankin New Zealand. wani yanki ne na kogin Waipu, wanda ya isa kusa da garin Waipu .

## Duba kuma
•jerin

Koguna

New

Zealand

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Waikare (Northland)

**Kogin Waikare kogi** ne dake Arewa kasa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankin New Zealand . Yana tasowa a cikin dajin Russell, yana gudana zuwa kudanci ƙarshenWaikare Inlet, wani kwarin da aka nutsar wanda ya zama wani yanki na kudu maso gabas na Bay of Islands . 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Waimamakau

**Kogin Waimamakau** ɗan gajeren kogi ne dake Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda ke yankin New Zealand. Abin mamaki, shi ne rafi na kogin Waimamaku, wanda ya kai tazarar kilomita 10 kudu maso gabashin Ōmāpere .

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Wainui (Kasar Arewa)

**Kogin Wainui kogi** ne dake Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda ke yankin New Zealand . Yana gudana gabaɗaya arewa maso gabas daga tushensa a ƙarshen Maungataniwha Range don isa kogin Oruaiti mai nisan kilomita biyar kudu maso yammacin tashar Whangaroa .

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Waionepu

**Kogin Waionepu kogi** ne dakeArewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankin New Zealand. Yana gudana gabaɗaya yamma daga tushen sa kudu da Maungatapere don isa kogin Waiotama mai tazarar kilomita 20 kudu maso yammacin Whangarei .

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Waiotama

**Kogin Waiotama** kogi ne dake Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda ke yankin New Zealand . Yana gudana arewa maso yamma daga asalinsa kudu da Maungatapere don isa kogin Wairoa mai nisan kilomita 20 arewa maso gabas da Dargaville .

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Waiotu

**Kogin Waiotu** kogi ne dake Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa  wanda yake yankin New Zealand . Ɗaya daga cikin maɓuɓɓugar ruwan kogin Wairua, yana gudana gabaɗaya kudu daga tushensa mai nisan kilomita 15 kudu maso gabas da Kawakawa . Ruwansa ya haɗu da na kogin Whakapara don samar da kogin Wairua .

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Waipapa (Northland)

**Kogin Waipapa kogin** ne dake Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankin New Zealand . Yana gudana gabaɗaya kudu maso yamma don isa kogin Whakanekeneke mai nisan kilomita 12 arewa maso yamma da tafkin Ōmāpere .

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Danchuwa

**Danchuwa** gari ne dake ƙaramar hukumar fotiskum a jihar Yobe  dake arewacin kasar najeriya gari mai dauke da Kabila biyu a na mata kirari da danchuwa kata belu Harshen Karai-Karai  da kabilar ngzumawa

## Kwyukan danchuwa

* Karal 
* Garin makoi
* gada Fallon
* ngigyai
* Ardo shanu
* Al'larbaje
* NGelkofo
* Mashama

## Manazarta
Sustainable South Bronx

**Sustainable South Bronx** (**SSBx**) ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce ke haɓaka adalcin muhalli. Majora Carter ne ya kafa SSBx a 2001. A yau, rabo ne na Shirin BEGE.

## Duba kuma

* New York Foundation
* Kyautar girmamawa daga Gidan Tarihi na Gine-gine na Ƙasa

## Manazarta
 

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* SustainableSouthBronx.org
Biliyoyin Bishiyoyin Tsunami

**Bishiyar Tsunami Wadda** ita ce da aka ƙaddamar acikin 2014, da gwamnatin Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, don mayar da martani ga ƙalubalen ɗumamar yanayi. Tsunami Biliyan Pakistan ta mayar da kadada 350,000 na dazuzzuka da barnatar kasa da ta zarce alkawarin da ta dauka na Bonn Challenge. Aikin yana da nufin inganta yanayin dazuzzuka, da kuma sharar gida da gonaki masu zaman kansu, don haka ya ƙunshi yin aiki tareda haɗin gwiwa tare da al'ummomin da abin ya shafa da masu ruwa da tsaki don tabbatar da shigarsu mai ma'ana ta hanyar inganta ayyukan haɓɓakawa. An kammala aikin ne a watan Agustan 2017, gabanin jadawalin.

## Ilhama
Shirin Tsunami na Bishiyar Biliyan yana gudana ne bisa hangen nesa na gwamnatin Khyber Pakhtunkhwa na ci gaban kore wanda ke da alaƙa da buƙatun ci gaban gandun daji mai dorewa, samar da ayyukan yi koren, ƙarfafa jinsi, kiyaye babban birnin Pakistan yayin da kuma ke magance matsalar sauyin yanayi a duniya.

## Yankunan dazuzzuka
Tsunami Biliyan Bishiyar ya mamaye dukkan lardin Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

## Tsunami Biliyan 10
A ranar 3 ga Satumba, 2018, bayan ya zama Firayim Minista na Pakistan bayan babban zaɓen Pakistan na 2018, Imran Khan ya kaddamar da aikin noman bishiyoyi na tsawon shekaru 5, na tsawon shekaru 10 daga Makhniyal, KPK don magance illolin dumamar yanayi. An ƙiyasta jimillar kuɗinsa kan Rufin Pakistan biliyan 125.1843.

## Binciken cin hanci da rashawa
Acikin Janairu 2020, Hukumar Kula da Laifuka ta Kasa ta fara bincike kan zargin asarar Rupei miliyan 462(kimanin dalar Amurka miliyan 3) dangane da binciken da ta kaddamar a watan Maris 2018. Zarge-zargen sun hada da aikin fatalwa, almubazzaranci, da kuma almubazzaranci. Ofishin ya ba da shawarar haɓaka binciken don tabbatar da ko an sami ƙarin asara. Acikin 2016 Asusun Duniya na Yanayi (WWF) ya buga rahoton duba na ɓangare na uku na duk matakan aikin.

## Yabo na duniya
Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (UNEP) ta yaba da shirin bishiyar, bisa ga bayaninsu "Muna kan wani lokaci a tarihi inda muke bukatar yin aiki kuma Pakistan ce ke kan gaba kan wannan muhimmin kokarin." Taron tattalin arzikin duniya ya yaba da kara kadada 350,000 na itatuwa. Bugu da ƙari, an taya Pakistan murnar cimma burin bishiyun biliyan kafin lokacin da aka tsara. Pakistan ta zarce alƙawarin ƙalubalen Bonn, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa wani lardi a Pakistan ya zama ƙungiya ta farko ta ƙasa da ƙasa don kammala ƙalubalen, a kan nasarar ƙalubalen Bonn shugabar Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Kare Halitta (IUCN) ta Inger Anderson wanda aka yiwa lakabi da aikin a matsayin "labarin nasara na kiyayewa na gaskiya".Dangane da yabon da kasashen duniya sukayi, Saudiyya ta tuntubi gwamnatin Pakistan don dasa itatuwa biliyan 10 a kasarsu.

## Duba kuma

* Gangamin Bishiyar Tiriliyan, kirar UNEP na shuka biliyoyin itatuwa.
* Shuka don Pakistan, aikin sake dazuzzuka na gaba.
* Bishiyoyin Ƙungiya, yaƙin neman zaɓe na ƙasa da ƙasa

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*  
* http://www.mocc.gov.pk/ProjectDetail/M2QzOWJmMjUtZTU3MC00NmFkLWE4YmMtZDFhMmRlOGU2NGRh
Dajin Marston Vale

**Dajin Marston Vale** wani daji ne mai tasowa na al'umma a cikin Marston Vale, wanda ke gudana kudu maso yamma daga garuruwan Bedford da Kempston a Bedfordshire, Ingila zuwa babbar hanyar M1 . Wata ƙungiyar agaji mai rijista mai suna Forest of Marston Vale Trust ce ke sarrafa ta.

A al'adance yankin da ake yin bulo ne, amma sana'ar yin bulo tana gudana tun a shekarun 1970. Ya bar ƙauyuka masu yawa da suka lalace mai ɗauke da manyan ramuka da yawa waɗanda wasu daga cikinsu sun koma tafkuna. Dajin Marston Vale na ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan gandun daji guda goma sha biyu a cikin Ƙasar Ingila. Hukumar karkara da hukumar gandun daji ne suka fara shi, tare da haɗin gwiwar Majalisar gundumar Bedfordshire, Majalisar gundumar Bedfordshire, da Majalisar Bedford Borough Council . Jimlar yankin da aka rufe shine mil 61 murabba'in (158&nbsp;km 2), amma galibin wannan fili na cikin mallakar sirri ne. Akwai abubuwan karfafa gwiwa ga masu gonakin shuka bishiyoyi, kuma burin dazuzzukan al'umma gaba daya shine su kai kashi 30% na murfin bishiyar.

Babban filin buɗe ido na jama'a acikin dajin shine Marston Vale shine filin shakatawa na Millennium wanda ke rufe 2.5&nbsp;km2 (1mil2)kuma an buɗe shi acikin 2000. Wurin shaƙatawar yana da tafkuna da yawa ciki harda babban tafkin Stewartby da kuma filayen dausayi.Akwai cibiyar baƙo mai suna Cibiyar daji, wacce ke da Kafe na Lakeside, shago, banɗakuna da hayar keke. A cewar gidan yanar gizon hukuma, wurin shaƙatawar yana jan hankalin kusan kwata na baƙi miliyan a shekara. Akwai shirye-shiryen ƙirƙirar wurin shaƙatawa mafi girma fiye da    zuwa gabas da Bedford, wanda za'a kira Bedford River Valley Park .

A ranar 26 ga Janairu 2018, Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Burtaniya ta bada izini ga Covanta Energy Limited don yin aiki da abinda zai zama mafi girman innarar sharar gida a Burtaniya, kusa da Dajin. Har yanzu ba'a san tasirin wannan cigaban ba.

## Duba kuma

* Dajin Al'umma a Ingila

## Manazarta


## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Dajin Massimina

**Dajin Massimina** (Italiyanci: *Bosco di Massimina*), daji ne da ke ƙasar Italiya. Wani wurin shaƙatawa ne wanda ke da faɗin fili kimanin  da ke gundumar Massimina na Municipio XII a cikin birnin Rome, a tsakiyar Italiya. Parco Bosco di Massimina]— 

An ƙirƙire shi ne a wani tsohon wurin da ake kaɗawa, wanda akayi amfani dashi don haƙar tsakuwa tsawon shekaru, akan Via Bartolomeo Chesi a kudancin titin zoben Via Aurelia a yankin Malagrotta.

## Maidowa
Aikin maido da wuraren zama, da aikin sake dazuzzukan birane, ya fara ne a shekarar 1998. An sake gyara wurin gaba ɗaya don ƙirƙirar sabbin tudu da magudanan ruwa don dawo da ainihin yanayin ƙasar. Sannan an rufe shi da wani yanki na saman ƙasa don tallafawa tsarin da aka maido da muhalli, ta hanyar amfani da ecocelles da aka ɗauka daga ƙasan Castel di Guido.

An zaɓi nau'in shuka don sake kafa yanayin yanayi cikin sauri. Kusan 1500 sababbin bishiyoyi an dasa su a kan shafin, ciki har da: 566 *Quercus pubescens* (oak mai laushi, itacen oak mai ban sha'awa,),65 *Quercus robur fastigiata* (oak na Turanci na columnar), da 562 itatuwan oak na sauran nau'in *Quercus*;196 *Acer* (maples);96 *Salix* (willow);da nau'o'in shrubs da dama, kamar:gorse, privet, myrtle, da cistus.

## Nishaɗi
 of pathways go through the forest, including a fitness trail. The recreation area has benches, picnic tables, and a children's playground.

## Duba kuma

* Parks in Rome
* Environmental restoration
* Reforestation topics
* Restoration ecology

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* YouTube.com: bidiyo na ''Bosco di Massimina''
* Repubblica Roma.com: "'Yan Malagrotta suna kare katako na Massimina" - 
* Wordpress: Massimina blog homepage —
Dazuzzuka na Karni na 21st

***Dazuzzuka na karni na 21*** ɗan gajeren bidiyo ne dake haɓɓakawa da kuma bayyana fa'idodin gyaran gandun daji. Acikin 'yan ƙarnuka da suka wuce, mutane sun kawar da fiye da rabin dazuzzukan duniya.Yanke dazuzzuka a halin yanzu, shine ke da alhakin kusan kashi 20 cikin 100 na hayakin carbon a duniya.Za'a iya jujjuya wannan guguwar saren gandun dajin, amma zamu iyayin tasiri sosai idan muka sake mayar da wasu dazuzzukan da muka rasa. Dasa bishiyoyi da yawa na iya kulle ƙarin carbon, inganta yanayi da rayuwar mutane. Yawancin yankuna da ƙasashe sun riga sun maido da dazuzzuka da yawa.

## Taƙaitawa
Fim ɗin ya ƙunshi misalan ayyukan gyara da aka yi nasara a Burtaniya, a Shinyanga da ke arewacin Tanzaniya da kuma yankin Miyun na China. Sabbin bayanai sun nuna cewa akwai miliyoyin kadada da yawa na dazuzzukan da suka lalace da kuma gurɓatattun filayen da suka dace da maidowa fiye da kiyasin da aka yi a baya. An kwatanta girman damar duniya don dawo da gandun daji a cikin bidiyon a karon farko.

Hukumar kula da gandun daji ta Biritaniya da IUCN ne suka shirya fim ɗin na mintuna 15 a watan Nuwamba 2009 a madadin Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Duniya kan Maido da yanayin gandun daji.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*
Taskar Ash

**Taskar Ash** shiri ne da aka kafa acikin 2019 don maido da bishiyar ash zuwa shimfiɗar wuri a Ingila. Bishiyoyin ash na Ingilishi sun sami raguwar mutuwa tun daga 2012 sakamakon cutar fungal, *Hymenoscyphus fraxineus*. Rumbun tarihin ya ƙunshi bishiyoyi sama da 3,000, waɗanda dukkansu suka yaɗu daga harbe-harben bishiyoyi waɗanda suka nuna ɗan juriya ga naman gwari. An kafa tarihin ne da fam miliyan 1.9 (kimanin dalar Amurka miliyan 2.5) acikin tallafin gwamnati, kuma ya biyo bayan aikin na tsawon shekaru biyar na gano bishiyar ash da ke jurewa naman gwari. Nicola Spence, Babban Jami'in Kiwon Lafiyar Shuka na gwamnatin Burtaniya ne ya dasa ɗayan bishiyar ƙarshe a cikin tarihin a cikin Janairu 2020. Spence ya ce, Nayi farin cikin amincewa da nasarorin da aka samu na aikin Taskar Ash tare da maraba da Shekarar Lafiyar Shuka ta Duniya ta hanyar dasa bishiyar toka mai jurewa.

An dasa bishiyoyin Ash Archive a cikin gundumar Hampshire a wani wuri da ba a bayyana ba ta Future Trees Trust. An yaɗa harbe-harbe daga bishiyoyi a Gabashin Anglia. Za'a riƙa sa ido a kan dukkan bishiyoyin na tsawon shekaru biyar don gano wadanda suka fi iya jure cututtuka. Waɗannan za su zama tushen shirin kiwo nan gaba.

## Manazarta
Gidan bishiya

**Tsarin bishiya,** **mai gadin bishiya** ko **bututun bishiya** (wani lokaci ma **Tuley tube**) wani tsarine dake bada kariya ga shukar bishiya daga binciken dabbobi da sauran hatsarori, yayin da bishiyar ke girma.

Maƙasudin matsugunin bishiyu shine, don kare Ƙananan bishiyoyi daga binciken masu tsiro ta hanyar samar da shinge na zahiri tareda samar da shingen feshin sinadarai. Bugu da ƙari, bututun bishiyar suna haɓɓaka ta hanyar samar da ƙaramin gidan-greenhouse wanda ke rage danshi, tashoshin suna girma cikin babban tushe da tushen kuma yana bada damar ingantaccen sarrafa ciyawa, wanda zai iya kwace tsiron matasa na danshi na ƙasa da hasken rana. Matasan bishiyoyin da aka kare ta wannan hanyar suna da adadin rayuwa kusan kashi 85%, amma ba tareda mai gadin bishiyar ba kusan rabin duk bishiyoyin da aka dasa suna girma har zuwa girma.

Anyi amfani da ƙarfe na ƙarfe, waya da masu gadi na katako a cikin Victorian Ingila tun daga shekarun 1820, amma ba koyaushe ba saboda farashin su. Graham Tuley ya ƙirƙira matsuguni na bututun filastik a Scotland a cikin 1979 ta Graham Tuley. Sun shahara musamman a cikin Burtaniya a cikin tsarin dasa shuki mai faɗin ƙasa kuma an kafa amfani da su acikin Amurka tun 2000. Anyi amfani da kusan matsuguni miliyan 1 a cikin United Kingdom a cikin 1983-1984, da miliyan 10 an samar da su a cikin 1991.

Bambance-bambancen matsugunan bishiya sun wanzu. Akwai muhawara mai yawa a tsakanin masana'antun matsugunin bishiya dangane da ingantacciyar launi, girma, siffa da rubutu don ingantaccen tsiro. Wani salon da ake amfani da shi a yanayin arewacin Arewacin Amurka yana da tsayin ƙafa 5 don ba da kariya mafi kyau daga binciken barewa, tare da ramukan huɗa a cikin ɓangaren sama na bututu don ba da damar taurin bishiyoyi masu shiga cikin watanni na hunturu kuma babu iska. ramuka a cikin ƙananan rabo don kare tsire-tsire daga fesa maganin herbicides da lalata rodent.

Yin amfani da matsuguni na bututun filastik yana haifar da gurɓataccen yanayi tareda microplastics yayin da bututun, waɗanda galibi ba a tattara su ba, suna raguwa cikin lokaci. Madadin sun haɗa da shingen katako ko ƙarfe don kiyaye dabbobi.

## Manazarta

*  
* Potter, M. J. (1991) *Treeshelters - Forestry Commission Handbook 7* HMSO
* 
*  

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
SOS Mata Atlantica Foundation

An kirkiro **gidauniyar SOS Mata Atlântica** a cikin 1986 a matsayin kungiya mai zaman kanta da mai zaman kanta, tare da manufar kare abin da ya rage na Mata Atlântica (Dajin Atlantika) a Brazil. Ayyukanta sun kasu kashi shida: manufofin jama'a; yakin; takardu, bayanai da sadarwa don kiyayewa; ilimin muhalli da kyakkyawar zama ɗan ƙasa; ci gaban hukumomi; da cigaba mai ɗorewa, kariya da kula da muhallin halittu.

## Ayyuka
Babban aikinta, ClickArvore, yana nufin sake dazuzzukan dajin Atlantika. Tun daga shekara ta 2000, ta dasa bishiyoyi kusan miliyan 22, wanda ya mamaye yanki kusan 130.&nbsp;km2. Rodrigo Agostinho, wanda aka zaɓa magajin garin Bauru a shekara ta 2008, ClickArvore ya dace da shi

## Manazarta
Pottiputki

**Pottiputki** kayan aikin shuka ne wanda Tapio Saarenketo ya kirkira a farkon 1970s, wanda akayi amfani da shi don dasa shuki da hannu na tsire-tsire. Masu tsire-tsire na iya yin aiki acikin daidaitaccen matsayi na ergonomically yayin da suke riƙe da yawan aiki, yin aikin duka cikin sauri da kwanciyar hankali.Yafi tasiri, amma yafi tsada fiye da mattock na gargajiya .

Kayan aiki shine bututu (na tsayin ca. santi mita casa'in 90cm); feda yana buɗe baki mai nuni (wanda kuma aka kwatanta shi da nau'in almakashi) a gurin, wanda ke haifar da ramin shuka; a lokaci guda seedling (misali acikin tukunyar takarda)ana sauke bututun, kuma bayan seedling ya kuɓuta daga bututun, ana iya sake rufe baki tare da ƙugiya mai sarrafa babban yatsa wanda ke fitar da ruwa, don haka. na'urar tana shirye don wani seedling. Gabaɗayan aikin yana da sauƙi ta yadda "ƙwararren mai shuka bishiya zai iyayin aiki kusan acikin tafiyar tafiya kuma ya dasa itatuwa dubu da yawa a rana".

## Duba kuma

* Hoedad
* Dasa itace
* Bar shuka itace
* Dake dazuzzuka

## Manazarta
NZ Native Forests Restoration Trust

An kafa ta acikin 1980, **NZ Native Forests Restoration Trust** kungiya ce dake da hannu wajen maido da daji.

Amintacciya ta mallaki ƙasa don kare mahimman nau'ikan halittu, maido da mazaunin su da haɓaka ingancin hanyoyin ruwa. Yanzu tanada rijiyoyi 28 a ko'ina cikin Tsibirin Arewa da 2 acikin Tsibirin Kudu wanda ya kai sama da 7,000ha na gandun daji masu kariya.

Sir Edmund Hillary shi ne majibincin amintacciyar har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekara ta 2008. Daga nan Sir Paul Reeves ya zama majiɓinci har zuwa rasuwar sa a shekara ta 2011.

The Trust yana buga jaridar *Canopy* sau biyu a shekara.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin kungiyoyin muhalli

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Gidan Yanar '''Gizon Dorowar Daji''' na Jami'a
Microbiofuel

**Microbiofuels** su ne biofuels samar da microorganisms kamar kwayoyin, cyanobacteria, microalgae, fungi, da-dai sauransu.Asen Nenov ya fara bayyana kalmar a taron TEDxBG akan 9 Janairu, 2010.

* Microbiofuels suna amfani da fasahar kere-kere don samar da biofuel;
* Fasahar microbiofuels tana aiwatar da hanyoyin samar da tushen microbiorefineries, watau ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da aka sanya a cikin takamaiman yanayi;
* Ana iya amfani da fasahar microbiofuel don sake sarrafa sharar masana'antu, gami da sharar gas kamar carbon dioxide da nitrogen oxide, da kuma samar da albarkatun halittu masu mahimmanci ta hanyar canjin halitta.

## Manazarta