Canjin yanayi a Brazil

**Canjin yanayi a Brazil** yana haifar da yanayin zafi mafi girma da kuma yanayin zafi mai tsawo, canza yanayin hazo, gobarar daji mai tsanani da haɗarin wuta. Za a shafi wutar lantarki ta Brazil, noma da samar da ruwa a birane. dazuzzuka na Brazil, da Amazon, suna cikin haɗari ga canjin yanayi. A mafi muni, manyan yankuna na Kogin Amazon na iya zama savannah, tare da mummunar sakamako ga yanayin duniya da rayuwar gida. An yi hasashen matakan teku a Brazil za su tashi sama da 20cm a tsakiyar karni. Abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi kamar fari, ambaliyar ruwa, da ambaliyar birane suna haifar da asarar shekara-shekara na kusan dala biliyan 13 (dala biliyan 2.6), daidai da 0.1% na GDP na kasar na 2022. Tasirin yanayi na iya kara talauci. 

A cikin Yarjejeniyar Paris, Brazil ta yi alkawarin rage hayakin ta, amma an soki Gwamnatin Bolsonaro ta 2019-2022 saboda yin kadan don iyaka ko daidaitawa da canjin yanayi. A cikin 2024 Brazil ta sake fasalin gudummawar da ta bayar (NDC), ta kafa burin rage hayaki da kashi 59% zuwa 67% idan aka kwatanta da matakan 2005 da 2035 .
 

## Rashin iskar gas

An kiyasta fitar da iskar gas mai guba ta Brazil a cikin tan biliyan .38 na daidai da CO, sama da 4% na jimlar fitar da iske a duniya. Wannan ya sa Brazil ta zama kasa ta 6 mafi girma a shekarar 2023. Mutanen Brazil suna fitar da kimanin tan 11 ga kowane mutum, idan aka kwatanta da matsakaicin duniya na kimanin tan 5 ga kowane mutum. Ya zuwa 2021, Brazil ita ce ta 4th mafi nauyi a 110 Gt.

A cikin 2020, an bayar da rahoton adadi na hukuma na 2016: noma 33.2%, bangaren makamashi 28.9%, amfani da ƙasa, canjin amfani da ƙasa (LULUCF)  27.1%. Tsarin Masana'antu da Amfani da Samfurin (IPPU) da sharar gida sun ba da gudummawa 6.4% da 4.5%, bi da bi.

A cewar Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi ta Brazil, kasar ta fitar da tan biliyan .17 na carbon dioxide daidai (CO) a cikin 2019. Kashe gandun daji ya kai tCO2e miliyan 968, wanda ya kasance kashi 44% na jimlar, noma ya fitar da tCO2ee miliyan 598.7 (28%) kuma bangaren makamashi 413.6 tCO2E miliyan (19%), masana'antu 99 tCO2 (5%) da kuma sharar gida 96 tCO2е miliyan (4%). 

Kodayake gwamnati ta yi alkawarin fitar da hayaki a shekara ta 2050, masu sukar sun koka da cewa ba a dauki mataki nan take ba.[1] Mai bincike Emilio La Rovere, daya daga cikin masu tsara rahoto daga shekara ta 2013, ya ce: "idan babu wani abu da aka yi don ƙuntata hayaki bayan 2020, Brazil na iya fitar da tan biliyan 2.5 na carbon dioxide tun daga farkon shekara ta 2030. Don ba ku ra'ayi, adadin ya wuce jimlar shekara ta 2005, lokacin da hayaki ya kai kusan tan biliyan 2. " A shekara ta 2024 Brazil ta sake duba gudummawar da ta kasa (NDC), ta kafa burin rage hayaki da kashi 59% zuwa 67% idan aka kwatanta da matakan 2005 da shekara ta 2035..

### Aikin noma

#### Karnuka
A cikin 2012, Brazil tana da na biyu  yawan shanu a duniya, tare da miliyan 205. shanu sune ruminants waɗanda ke fitar da iskar gas kamar methane da nitrous oxide.

### Kashe daji

Ana sare itatuwa don ƙirƙirar filayen shanu da soya. Kashe daji ya kai kololuwa a shekara ta 2004, sannan ya ragu har zuwa farkon shekarun 2010. Tun daga wannan lokacin, sare daji ya karu har zuwa shekarar 2020.

### Abubuwan da ake amfani da su
Mafi girman mai fitarwa a bangaren makamashi shine kayayyakin mai da ake amfani da su azaman man fetur don sufuri a Brazil, amma wasu iskar gas da kwal suna ƙonewa ta bangaren wutar lantarki a Brazil. A cikin 2016/17, tashoshin wutar lantarki da ke amfani da kwal a Brazil sun sami fiye da biliyan 1 a cikin tallafi. A cikin Yarjejeniyar Biological Diversity, Brazil ta himmatu ga fitar da tallafin da ke cutar da muhalli a shekarar 2020,  amma gwamnati ta ce a shekarar 2022 za a ba da wutar lantarki har zuwa 2040. 

## Tasirin yanayi

### Yanayin zafi da sauye-sauyen yanayi
 

A cewar José Marengo, na Cibiyar Nazarin sararin samaniya ta kasa, binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa, ban da tsaunuka na bakin tekun Chile inda aka sami ɗan sanyaya a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, a duk sauran yankuna na Kudancin Amurka hasashen ya nuna karuwar zafin jiki.

## Manazarta