Mila Rechcigl

**Miloslav Rechcigl, Jr.**, ko **Mila Rechcigl** gl, Masanin kimiyyar halittu ne na Czech-Amurka, Masanin abinci mai gina jiki kuma mai bincike ciwon daji, marubuci, edita, masanin tarihi, marubuci da masanin asalin. Ya kasance daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa kuma tsohon shugaban shekaru da yawa na kungiyar Czechoslovak Society of Arts and Sciences .

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Rechcigl a ranar 30 ga Yuli 1930 a Mladá Boleslav, Czechoslovakia .  Mahaifinsa, Miloslav Rechcigl, Sr., ya kasance fitaccen ɗan siyasa a Czechoslovakia kafin Yaƙin Duniya na II, an zabe shi a matsayin ƙaramin memba a Majalisar Czechoslovak kuma wanda ya rike mukamin Shugaban Ƙungiyar Millers ta Bohemia da Moravia .  Bayan mamayewar kwaminisanci, ya tsere daga ƙasarsa kuma a cikin 1950 ya yi hijira zuwa Amurka, inda ya zama ɗan ƙasa a cikin 1955. Ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Cornell daga 1951 zuwa 1958, inda ya sami digiri na BS, MS, da Ph.D. a can, ya ƙware a fannin ilmin sunadarai, Abinci mai gina jiki, ilimin lissafi, da kimiyyar abinci.

Daga nan sai ya shafe shekaru biyu yana gudanar da bincike a Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Kasa a Bethesda, Maryland, a matsayin Binciken Bincike na Postdoctoral. Daga baya, an nada shi a matsayin masanin kimiyyar halittu na bincike ga ma'aikatan Laboratory of Biochemistry a Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta Kasa. A cikin 1968-69 an zaba shi don shekara guda na horo a cikin shirin zartarwa na musamman na USPHS a cikin kula da kiwon lafiya, gudanarwa da bincike, gudanar da tallafi, da manufofin kimiyya.

Wannan ya haifar da nadin sa a matsayin Mataimakin Musamman na Abinci da Lafiya a cikin Ayyukan Lafiya da Kula da Lafiya na Zuciya.  A shekara ta 1970 ya shiga Hukumar Kula da Ci gaban Kasa da Kasa ta Amurka, wacce da farko ta kasance wani bangare na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan abinci mai gina jiki kuma daga baya aka sanya shi mai kula da shirin bincike.

## Ayyukan bincike
A cikin bincikensa,    da farko ya ƙware a cikin Metabolism na amino acid, gami da amfani da D-amino acid da nau'ikan nitrogen marasa takamaiman. Daga nan sai ya yi nazarin dangantakar da ke tsakanin furotin da bitamin A wanda ya haifar da gano cewa adadin, da kuma darajar halittu, na furotin na abinci suna da mahimmanci a cikin aiwatar da canza carotene zuwa bitamin A. Sauran binciken sun shafi canje-canjen metabolism yayin cachexia na dabbobi masu dauke da ciwon daji. Ɗaya daga cikin tasirin da ya fi shahara na kumburi a kan mai masaukin shine bakin ciki na zato-linkid="118" href="./Enzyme" id="mwag" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Enzyme">enzyme catalase a cikin hanta da koda wanda wasu masu bincike suka yi tunanin ya kasance saboda wani abu mai ban mamaki, wanda ake kira toxohormone. An karyata wannan ta hanyar gano matakan enzyme a cikin ciwon hanta.

Yawancin karatunsa sun shafi batun jujjuyawar enzyme a cikin jiki. Yin amfani da takamaiman masu hanawa metabolism, ya kimanta yawan dangi na kira da lalacewa enzyme catalase a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na ilimin lissafi, cututtukan cututtuka da magunguna. Wadannan binciken sun haifar da kammalawa cewa yawan kira maimakon yawan lalacewa na iya zama hanyar da ta fi dacewa ga kwayoyin dabbobi masu shayarwa don sarrafa matakan enzyme.

Binciken da ya yi na matakai daban-daban na aikin catalase a wasu substrains na beraye, waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin ikon kwayar halitta, sun ba da kyakkyawan misali don bin bincike na asali a cikin kwayoyin halitta a cikin tsarin dabbobi masu shayarwa. Binciken na farko, na biyu na baya tsakanin high-enzyme da low-enzyme linzamin kwamfuta substrains ya nuna cewa bambancin ya kasance ne saboda guda ɗaya autosomal gene biyu tare da low dominant zuwa high. Yin amfani da takamaiman masu hana metabolism, daga baya an gano cewa bambancin kwayar halitta tsakanin substrains guda biyu ya dogara da karuwar lalacewar enzyme a cikin hanta na ɗaya daga cikin substrains. Wannan wani bincike ne na musamman tunda a cikin dukkan beraye na al'ada da beraye da aka yi nazari a baya yawan lalacewar enzyme ya zama kusan koyaushe. Kodayake an lura da canji na ɗan lokaci a cikin ƙimar lalacewar enzyme a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayin ilimin lissafi tare da wasu tsarin enzyme, lura akan catalase an yi imanin cewa shine farkon nuna irin wannan tsarin sarrafawa a ƙarƙashin ikon kwayar halitta.

Sauran karatun sun shafi ilimin halitta, ilmin sunadarai da ilimin lissafi na microbodies, wanda ya yi aiki tare da Farfesa Z. Hruban na Jami'ar Chicago, wanda ya haifar da littafin Microbodies da Related Particles (1969).

## Littattafan kimiyya
Shi ne marubuci ko editan littattafai sama da talatin  a fannin ilmin sunadarai, ilimin lissafi, Abinci mai gina jiki, kimiyyar abinci da Fasahar abinci, noma, da ci gaban kasa da kasa, ban da adadi mai yawa na labaran kimiyya da surori na littafi, gami da:

### Littattafai

* Microbodies da Related Particles.  (Binciken Duniya na Cytology. New York da London, Academic Press, 1969. 296 pp.; kuma a cikin Rasha.
* Haɗin Enzyme da Ragewa a cikin Tsarin Mammalian . Basel-Munchen-Paris-London-New York-Sydney: S. Karger, 1971. shafi na 477.
* Abinci, Abinci da Lafiya. Wani littafi mai fannoni da yawa da aka yi magana game da manyan matsalolin abinci mai gina jiki daga hangen nesa na duniya. An samo asali ne daga asalin Basel-Munchen zuwa Paris-London-New York-Sydney. 516 shafuffuka
* Mutum, Abinci, da Abinci. Shirye-shiryen da Matakan Fasaha don Rage Matsalar Abinci ta Duniya. [Hasiya] shafi na 344.
* Matsalar Abinci ta Duniya. Zaɓin Bayani na Bincike. [Hasiya] 211 shafuffuka.
* Abinci na Dabbobi. Fashewa. 1. Carbohydrates, Lipids, da kayan haɗi na Girma. Basel-Munchen-Paris-London-New York-Sydney: S. Karger, 1976. shafi na 223.
* Abinci na Dabbobi. Fashewa. 2 Abubuwan gina jiki da masu guba. Basel-Munchen-Paris-London-New York-Sydney: S. Karger, 1977. shafi na 208.
* Abinci na Dabbobi. Fashewa. 3. Nitrogen, Electrolytes, Ruwa da Makamashi Metabolism. Basel-Munchen-Paris-London-New York-Sydney: S.Karger, 1979. 260 shafuffuka.
* Abinci na Dabbobi. Fashewa. 4. Physiology na Girma da Abinci. Basel-Munchen-Paris-London-New York-Sydney: S. Karger, 1981. shafi na 341.
* Abinci da Matsalar Abinci ta Duniya. Basel-Munchen-Paris-London-New York-Sydney: S. Karger, 1979. shafi na 375.

### Littattafai

* CRC Handbook Series a cikin Abinci da Abinci. Abubuwan da ake bukata na abinci mai gina jiki. Fashewa. 1. Bukatar Kwatanta da Bukatar Ƙididdiga. [Hasiya] 551 shafi.
* CRC Handbook Series a cikin Abinci da Abinci. Ƙungiya. G. Abinci, Al'adun Kafofin watsa labarai, Abinci. Fashewa. 1. Kalmomi ga dabbobi masu shayarwa. [Hasiya] 645 shafuffuka
* CRC Handbook Series a cikin Abinci da Abinci. Ƙungiya. G. Abinci, Al'adun Kafofin watsa labarai, Abinci. Fashewa. 2. Halin Abinci da Abinci ga Invertebrates da Vertebrates. Abincin Zoo. [Hasiya] shafi na 462.
* CRC Handbook Series a cikin Abinci da Abinci. Ƙungiya. G. Abinci, Al'adun Kafofin watsa labarai, Abinci. Fashewa. 3. Kafofin watsa labarai na al'adu don Microorganisms da Tsire-tsire. [Hasiya] 647 shafuffuka
* CRC Handbook Series a cikin Abinci da Abinci. Ƙungiya. G. Abinci, Al'adun Kafofin watsa labarai, Abinci. Fashewa. 4. Kafofin watsa labarai na al'adu don Kwayoyin, Organs da Embryos. [Hasiya] 469 shafuffuka.
* CRC Handbook Series a cikin Abinci da Abinci. Ƙungiya. E. Rashin abinci mai gina jiki. Fashewa. 1. Tasirin Abinci Mai Girma da Toxicities a cikin Dabbobi da Mutum. West Palm Beach, FL: CRC Press, 1978. 518 shafuffuka
* CRC Handbook Series a cikin Abinci da Abinci. Ƙungiya. E. Rashin abinci mai gina jiki. Fashewa. 2. Tasirin Rashin Abinci a cikin Dabbobi. West Palm Beach, FL: CRC Press, 1978. 548 shafuffuka.
* CRC Handbook Series a cikin Abinci da Abinci. Ƙungiya. E. Rashin abinci mai gina jiki. Fashewa. 3. Tasirin Rashin Abinci a Man. West Palm Beach, FL: CRC Press, 1978. shafi na 388.
* Littafin CRC na Bukatar Abinci a cikin Yanayin Ayyuka. Fashewa. 1. Ci gaba da Yanayin Matsalar Jiki. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1981. 542 shafuffuka.
* CRC Handbook of Nutritional Requirements in a Functional context. tashi. 2. Hematopoiesis da Tsayayya da Matsalar Jiki. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1981. 594 shafuffuka
* Littafin CRC na Kyautar Abinci na Abinci. tashi. 1. Abinci don Amfani da Mutum. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1982. Shafuffuka 679.
* Littafin CRC na Kyautar Abinci na Abinci. Fashewa. 2. Abinci na dabbobi. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1982. 499 shafuffuka.
* Littafin hannu na CRC na Aikin Gona. Fashewa. 1. Amfanin shuka. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1982. shafi na 468.
* Littafin hannu na CRC na Aikin Gona. tashi. 2. Samun dabbobi. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1982. 396 shafi na CRC Handbook of Nutritional Supplements. &nbsp;Fashewa. 1. Amfani da Mutum. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1983. 564 shafuffuka
* Littafin CRC Handbook of Nutritional Supplements. Fashewa. 2. Amfani da Aikin Gona. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1983. shafi na 412.
* CRC Hanndvook na Abinci na Halitta. Boca Raton [Hasiya] shafi na 339.
* CRC Handbook of Foodborne Diseases of Biological Origin. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1983. 518 shafuffuka

## Yunkurin gwagwarmayar Czech-Amurka
Baya ga kokarinsa na kimiyya kawai a matsayin mai bincike da mai gudanar da kimiyya, Dokta Rechcigl ya ba da kusan shekaru 50 na rayuwarsa ga Cibiyar Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Czechoslovak (SVU), ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa, tare da hedkwatar a Washington, DC. Shi ne ke da alhakin Taron Duniya na farko na Society, duka biyun sun kasance babban nasara kuma wanda ya sanya Society a taswirar duniya. Ya kuma shirya laccocin Majalisa kuma ya shirya don bugawa, a ƙarƙashin taken The Czechoslovak Contribution to World Culture  da Czechoslovakia Past and Present  Littattafan sun sami yabo a cikin masana'antun Amurka kuma sun ba da gudummawa sosai ga karuwar darajar Society a duk duniya.

Dokta Rechcigl ya kuma shiga, ta wata hanya ko wata, tare da mafi yawan taron SVU na duniya na gaba, gami da taron SVU da suka gabata a Prague, Brno, Bratislava, Washington, DC, Plzeň, Olomouc da České Budějovice. Kafin wa'adinsa na karshe a matsayin Shugaban SVU (2004-06),  ya rike irin wannan mukamai a lokacin 1974-76, 1976-78, kuma a 1994-96, 1996-98, 1998-2000, 2000-02 da 2002-04   

A cikin 1999, tare da ziyarar Shugaba Václav Havel zuwa Minnesota, ya shirya wani taro mai ban mamaki a Jami'ar Minnesota kan "Czech da Slovak Amurka: Quo Vadis?"

Tare da matarsa Eva, ya buga bugu takwas na SVU Biographical Directory, wanda aka buga na karshe a Prague a shekara ta 2003. Ya taimaka wajen ƙaddamar da sabon jaridar Kosmas.  ta Turanci. Jaridar Czechoslovak da Tsakiyar Turai. Ya kuma ba da shawarar kafa Cibiyar Bincike ta SVU  da kuma kirkirar Hukumar SVU don Haɗin Kai tare da CzechoSlovakia,  da Jihohin da suka maye gurbin ta, Jamhuriyar Czech da Slovakia, waɗanda suka taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin shekaru na farko bayan Juyin Juya Halin Velvet na 1989. A karkashin tallafin Cibiyar Bincike ta SVU, tare da abokan aikinsa, ya gudanar da jerin bita  game da gudanar da bincike da fasahar "grantsmanship" ga masana kimiyya da malamai, da kuma masu gudanarwa da masu tsara manufofin kimiyya, a jami'o'in Czech da Slovak, Kwalejin Kimiyya (Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Slovak Academy of Sciences) da Gwamnati.

Ya kafa Hukumar Tarihin Kasa tare da manufar adana al'adun Czech da Slovak a Amurka. A karkashin jagorancinsa, ya gudanar da cikakken bincike game da wuraren tarihi da suka shafi Czech da kayan adanawa a Amurka. Dangane da wannan binciken, ya shirya cikakken jerin, wuraren tarihi na Czech-American, abubuwan tunawa, da abubuwan tunawa wanda aka buga ta hanyar girmamawa na Jami'ar Palacký ta Olomouc (2004).  Sashe na biyu na binciken, wanda ke ɗauke da taken Czechoslovak American Archivalia, .  Jami'ar Palacky ce ta buga shi (2004). 

Daga cikin masana tarihi, Dokta Rechcigl sananne ne saboda karatunsa kan tarihi, asali, da kuma tarihin jama'ar Czech da Slovak Amurkawa.  Yawancin wallafe-wallafensa suna magana ne game da baƙi na farko daga ƙasashen Czech da Slovakia, gami da shige da fice na Moravian Brethren zuwa Amurka. A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata yana aiki a kan gudummawar al'adu na Amurkawa na Czech da Amurkawa na Slovak. Zaɓin hotunan tarihinsa na shahararrun Amurkawa na Czech daga ƙarni na 17 zuwa yau an buga su a Prague, a ƙarƙashin taken *Postvy nasí Ameriky* (Mutane na Amurka).  A lokacin ranar haihuwarsa ta 75, kungiyar ta wallafa tarin litattafansa, a ƙarƙashin taken Czechs da Slovaks a Amurka, a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin Monographs na Gabashin Turai, wanda Columbia University Press ta rarraba.  

## Sanarwa
Dokta Rechcigl memba ne na Ƙungiyar girmamawa ta Phi Kappa Phi, memba ne na Cibiyar Binciken Kimiyya ta Sigma Xi, memba ne mai daraja na Ƙungiyar Daraja ta Duniya ta Delta Tau Kappa kuma memba mai daraja na Cibiyar Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Czechoslovak. An kuma zabe shi Fellow na Ƙungiyar Amurka don Ci gaban Kimiyya (AAAS), Fellow na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Washington da Fellow na Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Amurka (AIC) da Fellow of the International College of Applied Nutrition .

A shekara ta 1991, a lokacin bikin cika shekaru 100, Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Czechoslovak ta ba shi lambar yabo ta Hlavka .  A shekara ta 1997 ya sami sabon kyautar "Gratias agit" daga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Jamhuriyar Czech. A shekara ta 1999, a lokacin ziyarar Shugaba Václav Havel zuwa Amurka, Shugaba Havel ya gabatar da shi, a madadin SVU, lambar yabo ta tunawa da shugaban kasa. Kwanan nan, Gwamnan Nebraska Mike Johanns ya ba shi lakabin girmamawa Nebraska Admiral ("Admiral of the Great Navy of the State of Nebraska") kuma magajin garin Lincoln ya ba shi lambar yabo ta SVU ta 2002. A shekara ta 2005, Ministan Harkokin Waje na Jamhuriyar Czech Cyril Svoboda ya girmama shi ta hanyar ba shi lambar yabo ta Jan Masaryk  saboda gudummawar da ya bayar wajen kiyayewa da inganta dangantaka tsakanin Jamhuriwar Czech da Amurka. A shekara ta 2006 ya sami lambar yabo ta Comenius daga Gidan Tarihi na Cibiyar Czech Houston .

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Mila Rechcigl yana zaune tare da matarsa Eva a yankin Washington, DC. Suna da 'ya'ya biyu, Jack da Karen, waɗanda ke zaune a Florida. Jack Rechcigl farfesa ne a fannin kimiyyar ƙasa da ruwa a Jami'ar Florida kuma Darakta na Cibiyar Bincike da Ilimi ta Gulf Coast a Wimauma .

## manazarta