Belgrade

**Belgrade**  babban birni ne na Kasar Serbia. Tana cikin mahaɗar kogin Sava da Danube da kuma mararrabar Filin Pannonian da yankin Balkan. Yawan mutanen dake garin babban birni na Belgrade shine 1,685,563, bisa ga ƙidayar 2022.  Ita ce ta uku mafi yawan jama'a a duk garuruwan da ke kan kogin Danube .

Belgrade na ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin biranen da ake ci gaba da zama a Turai da kuma duniya. Ɗaya daga cikin muhimman al'adun gargajiya na Turai, al'adun Vinča, sun samo asali ne a cikin yankin Belgrade a cikin karni na 6BC. A zamanin da suka gabata, Thraco - Dacians sun zauna a yankin kuma, bayan 279 BC, Celts suka zaunar da birnin, suna da suna *Singidun* .  Romawa ne suka ci shi a ƙarƙashin mulkin Augustus kuma sun ba da yancin birnin na Roma a tsakiyar karni na 2.  Slavs ne suka zaunar da shi a cikin 520s, kuma sun canza hannu sau da yawa tsakanin Daular Byzantine, daular Frankish, daular Bulgarian, da Masarautar Hungary kafin ta zama wurin zama na Sarkin Serbia Stefan Dragutin a 1284. Belgrade ya yi aiki a matsayin babban birnin Despotate na Serbia a lokacin mulkin Stefan Lazarević, sannan magajinsa Đurađ Branković ya mayar da shi ga sarkin Hungary a 1427. Karrarawa na tsakar rana na goyon bayan sojojin Hungary a kan Daular Ottoman a lokacin da aka yi wa kawanya a 1456 ya kasance al'adar coci mai yaduwa har yau. A cikin 1521, Daular Usmaniyya ta mamaye Belgrade kuma ta zama wurin zama na Sanjak na Smederevo .  Sau da yawa yakan wuce daga Ottoman zuwa mulkin Habsburg, wanda ya ga lalata yawancin birni a lokacin yakin Ottoman-Habsburg .

## Tarihi

### Tarihi
 Hoton al'adar Vinča, 4000-4500 BC.

Kayan aikin dutse da aka tsinke da aka samu a Zemun sun nuna cewa mutanen da ke kusa da Belgrade ya kasance mazaunan gari makiyaya ne a zamanin Palaeolithic da Mesolithic . Wasu daga cikin waɗannan kayan aikin na masana'antar Mousterian ne - na Neanderthals maimakon mutanen zamani. An kuma gano kayan aikin Aurignacian da Gravettian kusa da yankin, wanda ke nuna wasu sasantawa tsakanin shekaru 50,000 zuwa 20,000 da suka wuce. 

### Tsohon zamani
Shaidar ilimin farko game da wurin Belgrade ta zo daga tatsuniyoyi da almara iri-iri. Kogin da ke kallon haɗuwar kogin Sava da Danube, misali, an gano shi a matsayin daya daga cikin wuraren da ke cikin labarin Jason da Argonauts .   A zamanin da ya wuce, kuma, kabilun Paleo-Balkan sun mamaye yankin, ciki har da Thracians da Dacians, waɗanda suka mallaki yawancin kewayen Belgrade.  Musamman, Belgrade ta kasance a wani lokaci a cikin kabilar Thraco-Dacian Singi;  bayan mamayewar Celtic a shekara ta 279 BC, Scordisci ya kwace birnin daga hannunsu, suka sanya masa suna *Singidun* ( *d|ūn*, kagara).  A cikin 34-33 BC, sojojin Romawa sun isa Belgrade. Ya zama Romanised *Singidunum* a karni na 1 AD kuma, a tsakiyar karni na 2, hukumomin Romawa sun yi shelar birnin a matsayin *gunduma*, wanda ya zama cikakkiyar *mulkin mallaka* (mafi girman ajin birni) a karshen karni.  Yayin da aka haifi Sarkin Kirista na farko na Roma - Constantine I, wanda kuma aka sani da Constantine Mai Girma  - an haife shi a yankin Naissus a kudancin birnin, zakaran Kiristanci na Roma, Flavius Iovianus (Jovian), an haife shi a Singidunum.  Jovian ya sake kafa Kiristanci a matsayin addinin daular Romawa, wanda ya kawo karshen farfado da addinan gargajiya na Romawa a karkashin magabacinsa Julian the ridda . A cikin 395&nbsp;AD, shafin ya wuce zuwa Gabashin Roman ko Daular Byzantine .  A ko'ina cikin Sava daga Singidunum akwai birnin Celtic na Taurunum (Zemun) ; An haɗa su biyun tare da gada a duk lokacin Roman da Byzantine.  
 

## Manazarta