open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Merryl Tengesdal

**Merryl Tengesdal** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1971)  jami'ar soja ce ta Amurka mai ritaya wacce ita ce mace ta farko kuma bakar fata tilo   da ta tashi da jirgin leken asiri na rundunar sojin saman Amurka mai suna U-2 wanda ake amfani da shi don ayyukan leken asiri na musamman a tsaunuka.  Ita ce ɗaya daga cikin mata biyar kuma bakar fata ta huɗu (a shekara ta 2004) ce kawai ta shiga cikin shirin U-2.   Tana da lakabin jirgin, The Dragon Lady. 

Tengesdal tsohuwar soja ce, matukin jirgin sama, kuma kwamanda wadda ta yi aiki a rundunar sojin ruwa ta Amurka da kuma rundunar sojin sama ta Amurka . Ta yi aiki a matsayin Daraktan Kula da Sufeto Janar na rundunar sojin sama daga Oktoba 2015 zuwa Agusta 2017,  ta yi ritaya a matsayin Kanar na rundunar sojin sama ta Amurka.

Tengesdal ya kuma yi aiki a Yaƙin Iraki da Yaƙin Afghanistan.

## Tarihin Rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta farko
An haife ta a matsayin Merryl David a Bronx, New York,  ta halarci makarantun yankin kuma ta fara sha'awar tashi da jirgin sama da kuma shirin sararin samaniya. Manufarta ita ce ta zama 'yar sama jannati.

Ta kammala karatun digirin farko a fannin injiniyan lantarki daga Jami'ar New Haven, ɗaya daga cikin mata uku da suka kammala shirin.   Ta buga wasa a ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando kuma tana cikin ROTC . 

### Sabis na sojojin ruwa
Ta shiga Rundunar Sojan Ruwa kuma aka shigar da ita Makarantar 'Yan Takara ta Jami'a, inda aka ba ta aikin soja a shekarar 1994 bayan kammala karatunta. [1] Merryl ta fara aiki a matsayin Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta hanyar tuka jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu na SH-60B Seahawk a Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Mayport, Florida. [1] A wannan lokacin, ta yi jigilar jiragen ruwa biyu masu tsawo da kuma gajerun jiragen ruwa zuwa Gabas ta Tsakiya, Kudancin Amurka, da Caribbean. [2]

Bayan shekaru uku na rangadin teku a cikin jiragen helikwafta, Merryl ta zama matukin jirgi mai saukar ungulu na T-34C da T-6A . Bayan kammala Horar da Malamai na T-6A, ta zama ɗaya daga cikin Malamai huɗu na Rundunar Sojan Ruwa T-6A da suka horar da ɗaliban Rundunar Sojan Ruwa da Sojojin Sama a Horar da Dalibai Masu Digiri na Farko ( JSUPT ) a Moody Air Force Base, Georgia. Malaminta na rundunar Sojan Ruwa, Kwamanda Ron Robinson, ya ce "tana ɗaya daga cikin ɗaliban jirgin da na fi so, kuma ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa tana yin kyau sosai."

### Ilimi

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Tengesdal ta auri Kjell Tengesdal  kuma tana da 'ya'ya biyu.  Ita mai horarwa ce ta kashin kanta, marubuciya, mai ba da shawara kan shugabanci, kuma mai magana mai ƙarfafa gwiwa.    

A shekarar 2013, ɗalibanta na jami'a, Jami'ar New Haven, Connecticut, sun ba ta kyautar girmamawa ga tsofaffin ɗalibai. 

A shekarar 2021, Tengesdal ta kasance mai fafatawa a kakar wasa ta biyu ta shirin gaskiya na CBS *mai suna Tough as Nails* .   Ta kasance a cikin Team Savage Crew.

## Manazarta
Esther Okenyuri Anyieni

**Esther Okenyuri Anyieni** (an haife ta a ranar 18 ga watan Fabrairu, 1991) wacce aka fi sani da "Essy" kuma a cikin gida "Nyaituga" 'yar majalisa ce a Majalisar Dattawa ta 4 ta Kenya, Majalisar Dokoki ta 13 ta Kenya,  jam'iyyar da ke mulki a Kenya, United Democratic Alliance ta naɗa ta.   Ita memba ce ta KEWOPA,    Mataimakiyar Shugabar Kwamitin Majalisar Dattawa kan Ciniki, Masana'antu da Yawon Buɗe Ido,  memba ce ta Kwamitin Majalisar Dattawa  kan Lafiya,  da Kwamitin Iko da Gata na Majalisar Dattawa. Ita ce Mataimakiyar Sakatare Janar na Ƙungiyar Matasan 'Yan Majalisa ta Kenya,  kuma Sakatariyar Tsara Ƙungiyar Matan Sanatoci ta Kenya.  Ita memba ce ta zartarwa, Ƙungiyar 'Yan Majalisa ta Commonwealth  (CPA) reshen Kenya. 

An bayyana Okenyuri  a matsayin Sanata da aka zaɓa  ga Soipan Tuya,   wanda Shugaba William Ruto,  EGH, ya naɗa ta a   matsayin Sakatariyar Majalisar Ministocin Ma'aikatar Muhalli. 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Esther Okenyuri Anyieni  a ranar 18 ga watan Fabrairu, 1991, a ƙauyen Kenyenya  a Bomachoge Borabu, a gundumar Kisii  ɗiya ce ga Henry Anyieni Oketch (1956–2006), ma'aikaciyar gwamnati, da Lydia Nyachija Munema, malamar makarantar sakandare. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

Ta shiga Makarantar Firamare ta 'Yan Mata ta Tarang'aya don karatunta na KCPE kafin ta ci gaba zuwa Makarantar Sakandare ta Kenya a shekarar 2006. Ta kammala karatun sakandare a shekarar 2009 bayan ta zauna don Takardar Shaidar Ilimin Sakandare ta Kenya. Ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a [[Jami'ar Maasai Mara]] tare da digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar bayanai (zaɓin sarrafa bayanai) a shekarar 2015. Ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin Akanta na Jama'a Kashi na Ɗaya daga Kwalejin Lissafi ta Kisii. 

== Aikin siyasa ==
Okenyuri ta kasance shugabar ɗalibai  a ƙungiyar ɗalibai [[Jami'ar Maasai Mara|ta Jami'ar Maasai Mara.]]   Shugaban ƙasar Kenya Uhuru Kenyatta na lokacin ya naɗa ta don jagorantar [[Yankin matasa|reshen matasa]] na kamfen ɗin jam'iyyar Jubilee a gundumar Kisii a lokacin kamfen ɗin sake zaɓen gwamnatin Jubilee a shekarar 2017.

Tsakanin shekarun 2017 da 2022, Esther Okenyuri Anyieni ta yi aiki a Sashen Dabaru da Isarwa a Ofishin Mataimakin Shugaban Ƙasa a matsayin Mataimakiyar Darakta a fannin Bincike a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Dr John Chikat wanda yanzu shi ne ɗan Majalisar Dokoki na Gundumar Tongaren.  Ta taka rawa sosai wajen kafa Cibiyoyin Umarni/Kira don zaɓen maye gurbin UDA wanda ya gudana tsakanin shekarun 2017 da 2022 a mazaɓun Kabuchai, Matungu,  Kiambaa,  Msambweni  da Bonchari. 

A lokacin babban zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na shekarar 2022, ta kafa ƙungiyar Women for Ruto Organization, wata ƙungiyar mata da ta yi wa ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa na United Democratic Movement  [[William Ruto]], wanda Hukumar Zaɓe da Iyakoki Mai Zaman Kanta ta ayyana shi a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaɓen shekara ta 2022. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Dokeza - Yin dokokinmu na kanmu
* Sanata Esther Anyieni Okenyuri | Shafin Yanar Gizo na Majalisar Dokokin Kenya Archived
Martha Wangari Wanjira

**Martha Wangari Wanjìra** 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Kenya daga ƙungiyar United Democratic Alliance. Tana wakiltar mazaɓar Gilgil a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa. 

## Ilimi
Martha ta sami ilimin farko a Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Kahuhia, inda ta kammala da samun Takardar Shaidar Karatun Sakandare ta Kenya (KCSE) a shekarar 2001.  Daga baya ta shiga Jami'ar Nairobi, inda ta kammala karatun digiri a shekarar 2007 tare da digiri na farko a fannin Kimiya da kuma a fannin Kididdiga.  A shekarar 2011, ta ci gaba da karatunta a Jami'ar Afirka Nazarene, inda ta sami Digiri na biyu a fannin Nazarin Tasirin Muhalli (EIA).  

## Aiki
Martha ta fara aikinta na jama'a a shekarar 2007 a matsayin memba na kafa, mai fafutukar kare al'umma, kuma mai tsara dabaru a Sakatariyar Kibaki Tena.   A shekarar 2010, ta zama memba na kafa kuma Ma'ajin Ƙasa na Jam'iyyar United Democratic Forum Party (UDF), rawar da ta taka har zuwa shekara ta 2013.  Aikinta na siyasa ya ci gaba lokacin da ta shiga Majalisar Dokokin Kenya, a matsayin 'Yar Majalisar Dattawa daga shekarun 2013 zuwa 2017. Daga baya aka zaɓe ta a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin 'Yar Majalisa daga shekarun 2017 zuwa 2022. 

An fara zaɓenta a zaɓen gama gari na Kenya na shekarar 2017 a jam'iyyar Jubilee kuma a shekarar 2013 ta shiga Majalisar Dattawa. 

A shekarar 2022, ita ce ta wakilci mazaɓar Gilgil mai wakilai ɗaya tilo. Sauran mata a irin wannan matsayi sune Charity Kathambi Chepkwony ta mazaɓar Njoro, Jayne Kihara ta mazaɓar Naivasha da Irene Mrembo Njoki ta mazaɓar Bahati. 

## Manazarta
Nerima Wako-Ojiwa

**Nerima Wako-Ojiwa** (née **Nerima Wako**), wata mai sharhi kan harkokin siyasa ce ta ƙasar Kenya, wacce ke aiki a matsayin babbar darakta a **Siasa Place**, wata ƙungiya, wacce matasa ke jagoranta wacce ke jan hankalin matasa 'yan Kenya,  tana ilmantar da su game da kundin tsarin mulki, shugabanci da hanyoyin zabe, ta hanyar mu'amalar al'umma da kafofin sada zumunta. 

## Tarihi da ilimi
An haifi Nerima a Nairobi, babban birnin Kenya, kimanin shekaru 1989, ita ce ta uku a cikin iyali mai 'ya'ya huɗu. Ta halarci Makarantar Firamare ta St. Nicholas, kafin ta kammala makarantar sakandare a Aga Khan Academy, dukkansu a Nairobi. 

Bayan kammala karatun sakandare, ta sami tallafin karatu don yin karatu a Jami'ar Jihar Jacksonville, da ke Jacksonville, Alabama a Amurka. Ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin aikin jarida da ilimin zamantakewa. Daga baya, an ba ta digiri na biyu a fannin gudanar da harkokin jama'a, wanda ita ma Jami'ar Jihar Jacksonville ce ta ba ta. 

## Aiki
A lokacin da take jami'a, Nerima ta shiga harkokin siyasa a harabar jami'a kuma aka zaɓe ta a matsayin shugabar ƙungiyar ɗalibai ta duniya. Wannan ya ba ta damar samun tushe mai ƙarfi game da halayenta da rauninta na siyasa.  

A shekarar 2015, ita da sauran matasa sun kafa wata ƙungiya da matasa ke jagoranta mai suna Siasa Place.  A shekarar farko, sun ɗauki nauyin ayyukan ƙungiyar daga aljihunsu, kafin su sami wani tallafi daga waje. Nerima ta yi aiki a matsayin babbar darakta.  

A shekarar 2024, ta yi Allah wadai da ƙirƙirar ayyukan yi da ke da alaƙa da fasahar zamani (AI) da kamfanonin Amurka suka yi a Kenya,  wanda ta kira da "bautar zamani". 

## Iyali
Nerima tana auren Billian Ojiwa, wanda shi ma yana da hannu a harkokin siyasa.  Ita 'yar'uwa ce ga Sanata Amos Wako wanda ke wakiltar Gundumar Busia a Majalisar Dattawan Kenya, (2013–2017) da (2017–2022). 

## Duba kuma

* Susan Oguya
* Borna Nyake-Anoke

## Manazarta
Janet Jepkemboi Sitienei

**Janet Jepkemboi Sitienei** 'yar siyasa ce ta Kenya wacce aka zaɓe ta a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa a shekarar 2017 a Jam'iyyar United Democratic Alliance da kuma a shekarar 2022 a Jam'iyyar United Republican Party. A shekarar 2024 ta zama Shugabar Order of the Burning Spear of Kenya a wata ba da lambar yabo da Shugaba Ruto ya ba ta.

## Rayuwa
Daga shekarun 1979 zuwa 1982 ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Turbo. Ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 2011 daga Jami'ar Egerton. 

Daga  shekarun 2007 zuwa 2012 ta kasance Jami'ar Raya Noma ta Gundumar Bungoma. 

Ta shiga takarar siyasa a shekarar 2012 kuma a shekarar 2013 ta tsaya takara a mazaɓar Turbo kuma ta samu kuri'u 200 kacal  duk da goyon bayan Jam'iyyar Republican ta United. Ta ji cewa zaɓen bai saba ka'ida ba. 

A shekarar 2015 ta zama mai ba da shawara ga gwamnan gundumar Uasin Gishu Jackson Mandago kuma hakan ya tabbatar mata da cewa ta taimaka masa cimma burinsa. 

An zaɓe ta a majalisar dokoki don wakiltar United Democratic Alliance a shekarar 2017 a mazaɓar Turbo  kuma ta shiga ƙungiyar mata 'yan majalisar dokokin Kenya. 

A lokacin zaɓen shekara ta 2022 ta sami babban ci gaba a siyasance kuma jam'iyyu da dama 'yan takara ne amma ta zaɓi tsayawa takarar jam'iyyar United Republican Party kuma ta yi nasara. 

A shekarar 2024, Shugaba William Ruto ya karrama gudummawarta da kyautar yabo lokacin da aka ba ta lambar yabo ta Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Kenya. 

## Manazarta
Daga cikin Masu Biya

Daga cikin Muminai: Tafiyar Musulunci littafi ne na mai lashe kyautar Nobel V. S. Naipaul . An buga shi a cikin 1981, littafin ya kwatanta tafiya ta watanni shida a fadin nahiyar Asiya bayan Iran_Revolution" id="mwDw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Iranian Revolution">Juyin Juya Halin Iran . V.S. Naipaul ya binciki al'adu da yanayin fashewa a ƙasashe inda addinin Islama ke girma. Tafiyensa sun fara ne da Iran, zuwa Pakistan, Malaysia kuma sun ƙare a Indonesia, tare da ɗan gajeren tsayawa a Pakistan da Iran a kan dawowa Burtaniya.

## Manufar
Manufar marubucin da aka gabatar ita ce nazarin al'adun da ke da dogon tarihin Islama da yunkurin su na zamani na kafa jihar addini. Naipaul bai haɗa da ƙasashen Larabawa ba saboda yana da sha'awar "mutane masu juyawa".

## Tafiya
Iran: ya tafi Iran jim kadan bayan juyin juya halin kuma zai iya sauraron dukkan muryoyin da aka haɗu, wanda kwaminisanci, Behzad ya jagoranta a wurare masu tsarki kamar Qom. An yi hira da Ayatollah Sadegh Khalkhali.

Pakistan: An dakatar da littafinsa na farko An Area of Darkness a Indiya, kuma a nan ya ba da hoto mai rikitarwa na Pakistan. Ra'ayoyin Naipaul game da Islama a cikin yankin Indiya William Dalrymple ya kalubalanci su, alal misali.

Malaysia: Naipaul ya sadu da sanannen Anwar Ibrahim, lokacin da yake tauraro mai tasowa. Anwar ya tafi Iran kuma ya sadu da Ayatollah Khomeini, kuma yana so ya farka da mutanen Malaysia.

Indonesia: Ya bayyana tarihin Indonesia, yadda Jafananci suka "yantar da su" da kuma yadda daga baya suka yi yaƙi da Dutch har sai an sake su. Musulunci a Indonesia ya haɗu da tsoffin imani kuma akwai dakarun da ke son yin Musulunci mai tsarki. Ya sadu da mawaƙa a Jakarta kuma ya yi tafiya don ziyartar makarantun Koranic, wanda ake kira pesantren . Dukkanin ya yi zurfin hoto na Indonesia.

## Karɓar baƙi
Wani aiki mai rikitarwa, wannan ya kasance daya daga cikin wallafe-wallafen Naipaul da aka fi sayarwa. An fassara shi zuwa Jamusanci, Italiyanci  da Mutanen Espanya. 

Bayan da aka buga littafin, an ba Naipaul Kyautar Urushalima .

A cikin 1998 Naipaul ya buga wani ci gaba Beyond Belief: Islamic Excursions among the Converted Peoples .

## Manazarta
Black Flags: Tashin ISIS

Black Flags: The Rise of ISIS littafi ne na 2015 wanda ɗan jaridar Amurka Joby Warrick ya rubuta. Littafin ya gano hauhawar da yaduwar Islama mai fafutuka a bayan Jihar Islama ta Iraki da Levant. Ya lashe kyautar Pulitzer ta 2016 don Janar Nonfiction . 

## Karɓar baƙi
'Yan jarida sun yaba da *Black Flags*. Michiko Kakutani na The New York Times ya kira shi "sabon littafi mai ban sha'awa" kuma ya rubuta, "Mista Warrick [...] yana da baiwa don gina labarun tare da makamashi da daki-daki, kuma a cikin wannan ƙarar, ya kirkiro hoto mafi ban sha'awar duk da haka an tsara shi a cikin littafin Abu Musab Al-Zarqawi, uban kafa kungiyar wanda zai zama Jihar Musulunci ta Siriya (wanda aka fi sani da ISIS ko ISIL) Ya kara, "don masu sha'awar tushen Jihar Musulmi" yaƙin yaƙin yaƙi da za su".

### Kyaututtuka
Littafin ya sami Kyautar Pulitzer ta 2016 don Janar Nonfiction .  Magana ta Pulitzer ta bayyana littafin a matsayin "littafin da aka ruwaito sosai mai haske".

## Samun talabijin
A cikin 2016, an ruwaito HBO ta fara aiki na daidaita littafin don jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin. Bradley Cooper da Todd Phillips ne za su samar da shi (ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar su na hadin gwiwa), wanda Helmer Tim Van Patten ya jagoranta (wanda kuma ya jagorantar Game of Thrones da Boardwalk Empire) da kuma talabijin da Gregg Hurwitz ya daidaita. Ana sa ran za a kira jerin "*Black Flags*".  

## Manazarta
Birnin karya (littafin Navai)

City of Lies littafi ne na shekara ta 2014 wanda ɗan jaridar Burtaniya da Iran Ramita Navai ya rubuta. Yana hulɗa da al'umma a cikin Iran ta zamani da tasirin Dokokin ɗabi'a, zalunci, munafunci da tantancewa a Iran.

## Takaitaccen Bayani
Littafin ya bincika gaskiyar rayuwa a ƙarƙashin Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran, ta hanyar gabatar da fannoni daga hanyoyi daban-daban na rayuwa a Tehran. Ya haɗa da surori takwas, kowannensu ya dogara da bayanin halayyar daban-daban, gami da soja mai canza launin fata, mai kisan kai na Iran-Amurka da kuma tauraron batsa. Labarin yana motsawa a hankali a kan titin Valiasr, daga gundumomin arewacin da ke cikin kudancin birnin. Yana bincika jigogi na zalunci, munafunci na addini, da rarrabuwar zamantakewa a cikin karni na 21 na Iran.

## Karɓar baƙi
Littafin ya sami mafi yawan bita mai kyau daga masu sukar don nazarin duniyar Tehran, da kuma bayyane, kwatancin rayuwar yau da kullun a Tehran. Wasu masu bita sun soki littafin don ɓoye layin tsakanin gaskiya da fiction, musamman game da haɗa labarai don ƙirƙirar haruffa masu ban sha'awa. Ya lashe kyautar Debut Political Book of the Year a lambobin yabo na Paddy Power, da kuma Jerwood Award daga Royal Society of Literature. Dukansu Evening Standard da The Spectator sun haɗa shi a cikin jerin sunayen littattafan da suka fi kyau a shekara.

Holly Dagres na The Cairo Review ya rubuta cewa littafin ya haifar da tausayi ga batunsa, yayin da yake lura da cewa "sau da yawa yakan ɓace cikin kayan da ke jin daɗi wajen samun darajar mamaki".  Sohrab Ahmari, yana rubutu ga The Wall Street Journal, ya soki rashin tushe na Navai da kuma ingantaccen harshe. 

A cikin bita ga Financial Times, Azadeh Moaveni ya rubuta cewa "Navai ya nuna yadda 'yan Iran suka fi ɗaurewa da abin da suke da shi: wayar da kan jama'a sosai, motsawa mai ƙarfi don motsawa, rikice-rikice na yau da kullun tare da dakarun zamani da al'ada, da kuma rashin jin daɗi mai zurfi game da damar da al'umma ke bayarwa. "

Masu sukar sun lura cewa babban jigo na littafin yaudara ne, yayin da zalunci na gwamnati ke tilasta wa talakawa Iran su gabatar da fuska ta waje na ibada wanda ba koyaushe ya dace da yanayin rayuwarsu ba. James Buchan na *[[The Guardian]]* ya taƙaita wannan taken, yana rubuta "A wasu wurare kaɗan ne ke da faɗin tsakanin abin da aka ce da abin da aka yi. "  Littafin ya kuma bincika nuna kansu da cin gashin kai tsakanin kungiyoyin marasa galihu a Iran, wato mata. 

## Manazarta
Saleha Jabeen

**Saleha Jabeen** jami'ar sojin saman Amurka ce. A shekarar 2019, an nada ta a matsayin limamin mata musulma ta farko da ta yi takarar zama limamin coci a tarihin sojojin Amurka. Jabeen ta yi aiki a matsayin limamin coci a rukunin horaswa na 517 a Presidio na Monterey.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Jabeen kuma ta girma a Indiya, ta yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka a shekarar 2005 a matsayin ɗaliba ta ƙasa da ƙasa.  Yayin da take karatun digirin kasuwanci a Jami'ar North Park da ke Chicago, Jabeen ta fuskanci wariyar launin fata, ƙiyayya ga Musulunci da kuma nuna wariya.  Wani ɓangare na gogewarta, ta canza digirinta don ci gaba da karatun digiri na biyu, digiri na biyu na Allahntaka da digiri na biyu na Fasaha a Tauhidi, ƙwararre a Tattaunawar Addini. 

Jabeen ta kammala karatunta daga ƙungiyar Katolika ta addini a shekarar 2014.  Daga baya ta shiga rundunar likitoci ta soja, tana bin ɗan'uwanta zuwa aikin don taimakawa wajen biyan kuɗin makarantar digiri na biyu. A lokacin da take hidima, ta haɗu da rundunar limaman coci, wanda ya ƙarfafa ta ta bi aikin limaman cocin soja.   Limaman coci mata a rundunar sojojin Amurka ba kasafai suke samun limaman cocin ba; har zuwa watan Nuwamba na 2019, akwai limaman coci mata 161 kacal a dukkan rassan rundunar. 

### Ɗan takarar Limamin coci
An naɗa Jabeen a matsayin limamin coci a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2019. A lokacin naɗinta, ta zama limamin coci mace ta farko da ta yi takarar limamin coci a tarihin sojojin Amurka. [1] Tana da goyon bayan coci daga ƙungiyar Musulunci ta Arewacin Amurka. [2] A lokacin, shugaban limaman rundunar sojojin sama, Maj. Gen. Steven Schaick, ya ce game da naɗinta,

## Manazarta
Ashley Rolfe

**Ashley Rolfe** tana ɗaya daga cikin matukan jirgin sama mata na Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Amurka waɗanda suka cancanci tuka jirgin McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle . A matsayinta na memba na Rundunar Tsaron Jiragen Sama ta Massachusetts, ta kafa tarihi a Rundunar Sojan Sama ta 104 a matsayin matukin jirgin sama mace ta farko a tarihin rukunin jiragen sama na shekaru 70 a ranar 18 ga Agusta 2016. Ta yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Sama ta 67 a Kadena Air Base .  Kadena ita ce aikin farko da Rolfe ta yi, inda ta kuma yi tarihi ta hanyar yin aiki a Rundunar Sojan Sama ta 67 a matsayin matukin jirgin F-15 mace tilo. A shekarar 2010, ita ce kaɗai matukin jirgin sama mace da ta shiga cikin Exercise Commando Sling wanda ya bayyana a cikin Labaran Talabijin na Rundunar Sojan Sama "One of a Kind". 

Rolfe ta kammala karatunta a Kwalejin Sojojin Sama ta Amurka . Ta kammala horon matukan jirgi a shekarar 2007, inda ta cika burinta na zama matukin jirgin F-15 Eagle. Ta yi aiki a Rundunar Sojojin Sama mai aiki tsawon shekaru 11. Baya ga yin aiki a Tyndall, an tura ta a matsayin matukin jirgin sama a sansanin Sojojin Sama na Kadena da ke Japan da kuma sansanin Sojojin Sama na Nellis da ke Nevada . An tura ta sau biyu, kwanan nan zuwa Afghanistan na tsawon watanni shida. Ta yi jigilar jiragen sama na T-38 a matsayin wani bangare na shirin mayakan F-22 Raptor a wurin aikinta na baya a Tyndall kafin ta zo na 104. Tana da aure kuma tana da 'ya mace daya. [1] [2] [3]
Fayil:091211-F-0827S-035_USAF_Female_F-15_Pilot_Capt._Ashley_Rolfe_at_Kadena.JPG|alt=Ashley at Kadena as F-15 Pilot| Ashley a Kadena a matsayin F-15 Pilot
Fayil:USAF_Female_F-15_Fighter_Pilot_Maj._Ashley_Rolfe_2764434.jpg|alt=at Massachusetts ANG's 104th FW| a Massachusetts ANG's 104th FW
Fayil:USAF_Female_F-15_Fighter_Pilot_Maj._Ashley_Rolfe_160819-A-YG824-001.jpg


## Manazarta
Rufe Musulunci

Covering Islam: How the Media and the Experts Determinine How We See the Rest of the World littafi ne na 1981 na marubucin Palasdinawa Edward Said, wanda ya tattauna yadda kafofin watsa labarai na Yamma suka karkatar da hoton Islama. Said ya bayyana littafin a matsayin na uku kuma na karshe a cikin jerin littattafai (biyu na farko sune Orientalism da The Question of Palestine) inda ya bincika dangantakar da ke tsakanin duniyar Islama, Larabawa da Gabas da Yamma, Faransa, Burtaniya da Amurka.

Rufe addinin Musulunci yana hulɗa da batutuwa a lokacin da kuma bayan rikicin garkuwa da Iran, da kuma yadda kafofin watsa labarai na Yamma suka yi hasashe game da gaskiyar rayuwar Musulunci. Ya ce yana tambaya game da daidaito na kafofin watsa labarai, kuma yana tattauna dangantakar da ke tsakanin ilimi, iko da kafofin watsa labarai na Yamma.

## Bayani game da shi
Said ya ce, idan ilimi shine iko, waɗanda ke sarrafa kafofin watsa labarai na Yammacin zamani (na gani da bugawa) sun fi iko saboda suna iya ƙayyade abin da mutane ke so ko ba sa so, abin da suke sawa da kuma yadda suke sawa, da abin da ya kamata su sani kuma dole ne su sani ba game da kansu.

Ilimin ɗan adam yana bawa mutum damar yin tunani, yin tunani, tunani da tambaya. Ilimi shine, a cewar Islama, abin da ke sa mutum ya zama na musamman a matsayin mutum. Mutum, ta hanyar halitta, mutum ne mai hankali, amma kafofin watsa labarai na yamma suna son mutum ya zama mara hankali - a cikin ma'anar karɓar ko yarda da ra'ayi ba tare da tabbatarwa ba, tunani ko tambayarsa. A wasu kalmomi, in ji Said, irrationalism yana nufin barin mutum ya yi tunani kuma ya yanke shawara ga wani - ya bar mutum ya mallaki wasu.

Kafofin yada labarai na Yammacin zamani, in ji Said, ba sa son mutane su san cewa a cikin Islama duka maza da mata suna da daidaito; cewa Islama tana da tsauri a kan aikata laifuka da abubuwan da ke haifar da aikata laifukan; cewa Islami addini ne na ka'idojin ɗabi'a masu ƙarfi da ka'idar ɗabi'i mai ƙarfi; cewa a cikin zamantakewar Islama tana tsaye ne don hadin kai da bil'adama; cewa a tattalin arziki Islama tana nufin adalci da adalci; kuma addinin da gaske na ruhaniya ne kuma addini ne mai amfani sosai. Ya ce rashin gaskiya da ƙarya game da Islama da duniyar Musulmi ana yada su a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, a cikin sunan gaskiya, 'yanci, 'yancin kai, dimokuradiyya da 'ci gaba'. "

## Manazarta
Elaine D. Harmon

**Elaine D. Harmon** (Disamba 26, 1919 - Afrilu 21, 2015) 'yar Amurka ce daga Maryland wadda ta yi aiki a cikin Matan Sojojin Sama na Amurka (WASP) a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. A shekara ta 2009 ta sami lambar yabo ta zinare ta Majalisa saboda aikinta a matsayin matukin jirgi a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.  A matsayinta na matukin jirgi na WASP, an ba ta cikakkiyar girmamawa ta soja a Makabartar Ƙasa ta Arlington .  A shekara ta 2016, an shigar da Ms. Harmon cikin Zauren Shahararrun Mata na Maryland bayan mutuwarta. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Elaine Danforth Harmon, 'yar Dr. Dave Danforth da Margaret Oliphant Danforth, a ranar 26 ga Disamba, 1919, a Baltimore, Maryland . Ta kammala karatun sakandare a shekarar 1936 a makarantar sakandare ta Eastern, a shekarar 1940 ta sami digirin farko a fannin kimiyyar ƙwayoyin cuta a Jami'ar Maryland, College Park . Daga 1940 zuwa 1944 ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin dakin gwaje-gwaje na asibiti.  A shekarar 1941 ta auri lauyan mallakar fasaha Robert Harmon kuma suna zaune a Silver Spring, Maryland . Suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu da 'ya'ya mata biyu. Mijinta ya mutu a shekarar 1965. 

## Ayyuka
A lokacin da take jami'a ta zama matukin jirgi mai zaman kansa ta hanyar Shirin Horar da Matukin Jirgi na Farar Hula .  Harmon ta koyi tuka Piper Cubs a Filin Jirgin Sama na College Park a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Farar Hula .  Ta shiga Mata Matukin Jirgin Sama ba tare da son mahaifiyarta ba, waɗanda suka yi tunanin WASPs "duk mugaye ne kawai, wataƙila mata marasa kunya". 

Mata sama da 25,000 ne suka nemi shiga shirin; Harmon tana ɗaya daga cikin mutane 1,830 da aka karɓa, kuma ɗaya daga cikin mutane 1,074 da suka sami ƙwarewa a fannin aikinsu. Ta kammala watanni shida na horon jirgin sama da kuma makarantar koyon tukin ƙasa, da kuma aƙalla sa'o'i 500 na tashi. Bayan horo a filin Avenger a shekarar 1944, ta yi aiki a sansanin sojojin sama na Nellis, jiragen sama masu tashi PT-17 da BT-13, AT-6 Texan, da kuma sansanin soja na B-17 .  Aikin Harmon shine ta tashi da maza waɗanda ke buƙatar sake horarwa a fannin tashi da kayan kida - ta ce ta yi aiki a matsayin mai gadi, "don tabbatar da cewa ba mu ci karo da wasu jiragen sama ba". 

Bayan yaƙin, Harmon ya yi aiki na tsawon shekaru 25 a matsayin mai kimanta gidaje mai zaman kansa, yana aiki a Associated Appraisers a Beltsville, Maryland, har sai da ya yi ritaya a farkon shekarun 1990. [1]

## Gado

### Zauren Shahararrun Mata na Maryland
Mace 'yar asalin Maryland ce, kuma tana zaune a Maryland tsawon rai, kuma don girmama matsayinta na abin koyi, kasancewarta mace mai tasowa a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, a shekarar 2016 an shigar da Ms. Harmon cikin Zauren Shahararrun Mata na Maryland bayan rasuwarta. Ga rubutun da ke kan allo da aka sanya don girmama ta a Gidan Tarihi na Mata na Maryland:

"Duniyar mutum ce, amma mu (WASP) mun yi wani abu mai girma da ake buƙata don yaƙin ... Babu wata rana da ban taɓa tunanin irin sa'ar da na yi ba idan na zama ɗan ƙasar Amurka kuma mazaunin Maryland ... Carpé Diem!" 

## Manazarta
Gloria Heath

**Gloria Heath** (7 ga Mayu, 1922 - 16 ga Disamba, 2017) ta kasance majagaba a fannin tsaron jiragen sama ta Amurka wacce ta kasance memba a cikin Gidauniyar Tsaron Jiragen Sama  kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Kwamitin Tsaron Sararin Samaniya na Kwalejin Duniya ta Masu Taurari . 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Heath a birnin New York, ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Putney a shekarar 1939, sannan kuma daga Kwalejin Smith a shekarar 1943. Heath ta fara tashi da jirgin sama tana da shekaru huɗu, tana da sha'awar tashi da jirgin sama tare da babban ɗan'uwanta Royal. A Smith, Heath ta yi karatun digiri a fannin ilimi da karatun yara, ta yi rubutu a jaridar, ta buga wasa a ƙungiyar mata ta ƙasa ta lacrosse, kuma ita ce shugabar ƙungiyar Flying Club ta Kwalejin Smith. Kafin shugabancin Heath, membobin ƙungiyar Smith Flying Club sun koyi game da ka'idar tashi amma ba aikinta ba. A shekarar 1941, Heath ta shawo kan sauran membobin ƙungiyar Flying Club goma sha biyar su sayi jirgin sama akan dala 100 kowannensu.  Membobin ƙungiyar sun yi amfani da wannan jirgin, wanda suka zana baƙaƙe suka kuma yi masa suna *The Tsuntsun Aljanna*, don yin atisaye a Filin Jirgin Sama na LaFleur da ke Northampton, Massachusetts . 

## Sana'a

### Matukin jirgi
Heath ta shiga ƙungiyar Matan Jiragen Sama ta Sojojin Sama, ƙungiyar farko ta mata 'yan Amurka da suka tashi da jiragen sama na soja, bayan kammala karatunta daga Smith.  A matsayinta na WASP, Heath ta yi amfani da jiragen bama-bamai na B-26 da ake amfani da su don yin atisaye a Grissom Air Reserve Base da ke Indiana .  Ta sami matsayin laftanar na biyu.  Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ya ƙare a 1945, an wargaza WASPs, kuma Heath ta fara aiki a fannin tsaron jiragen sama . A 1947, Heath ta zama shugabar ƙungiyar Injiniya don Tsaro a cikin sabuwar gidauniyar Tsaron Jiragen Sama da aka kafa. Heath ta yi shekaru ashirin tana aiki a fannin tsaron jiragen sama, ta zama mataimakiyar darekta a Cibiyar Tsaro ta Cornell-Guggenheim a 1965 kuma ta kafa kamfanin ba da shawara kan bincike da ceto nata SAR-ASSIST a 1968. 

Aikin Heath ya ɗauki wani sabon salo lokacin da aka nemi ta zama shugabar Kwamitin Tsaron Sararin Samaniya na Duniya a shekarar 1972. Gudummawar da Heath ta bayar wadda ta fi mayar da hankali kan bala'o'in da ke kan doron ƙasa da kuma taimakawa jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu da suka faɗi a ƙarshe ta haifar da ci gaban tsarin bincike da ceto na tauraron ɗan adam na yanzu da kuma sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan shekaru goma na rage bala'o'i na halitta . [1]

## Manazarta
Gidauniyar Manhaja Mai Aminci

The **Trustworthy Software Foundation** (TSFdn) Gidauniyar Software ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta a Burtaniya, wacce ke da manufar inganta software.&#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Amincewa
Aikin ya dogara ne akan cewa akwai bangarori biyar na amintacce:

* Tsaro - Ikon tsarin ya yi aiki ba tare da jihohi masu cutarwa ba
* Amincewa - Ikon tsarin don isar da ayyuka kamar yadda aka ƙayyade
* Samun - Ikon tsarin don isar da ayyuka lokacin da aka nema
* Resilience - Ikon tsarin don canzawa, sabuntawa, da kuma murmurewa a cikin lokaci mai kyau ga abubuwan da suka faru
* Tsaro - Ikon tsarin ya kasance yana da kariya daga hare-hare na haɗari ko da gangan

Wannan ma'anar amintacce shine fadada ma'anar da aka yi amfani da ita sosai game da dogaro,  yana ƙarawa a matsayin 5th Facet of Resilience bisa ga tsarin Gwamnatin Burtaniya. 

TSFdn da farko yana da niyyar samar da kashin baya mai rai don sanya alamomi ga tushen daban-daban amma sau da yawa ba a san su ba na Good Practice, tare da manufa ta biyu don magance wasu fannoni na 2009 Trustworthy Software Roadmap. 

Wannan yana mai da hankali kan yin hulɗa tare da abokan hulɗa don gabatar da Amincewa da Software a duk faɗin IAP, IET" id="mwLA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="British Computer Society">BCS, da IET

## Gudanarwa da Ayyuka
TSFdn tana aiki ne a matsayin kamfani mai zaman kansa wanda aka iyakance ta hanyar Guarantee, mallakar hadin gwiwar kungiyoyin masu biyan kuɗi - kungiyoyin kwararru na Burtaniya.

Ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar hulɗa ta hanyar sashi na masu ruwa da tsaki ta hanyar Kwamitin Ba da Shawara mai zaman kansa kan Tsarin Amincewa (ACTS).

TSFdn, tare da Kwamitin Ba da Shawara kan Tsarin Amincewa, sun samo asali ne daga ayyukan da suka gabata:

* Binciken da Ofishin Ma'aikatar, Babban Mai tallafawa Tabbatar da Bayanai (CSIA) a cikin 2004-5 wanda ya gano rashin ingantaccen ayyukan ci gaban software a matsayin lamari don damuwa
* A Department of Trade and Industry (DTI - magajin BIS) Rahoton Tsaro na Duniya a cikin 2006 wanda ya lura da rashin daidaitattun ayyukan ci gaban software a Burtaniya
* Kwamitin dabarun fasaha (TSB) Cibiyar Canjin Ilimi ta Tsaro ta Cyber (CSKTN) Kungiyar Sha'awa ta Musamman (SIG) akan Ci gaban Software na Tsaro (SSD, 2007-8) 
* Ofishin TSB / Harkokin Waje da Commonwealth (FCO) Cibiyar Kimiyya da Innovation (SIN) Tattaunawar Kasuwanci "Malubale don ginawa a cikin ... tsaro na bayanai, sirri da tabbaci", wanda aka gudanar a Paris a watan Maris na shekara ta 2009
* The Secure Software Development Partnership (SSDP) Nazarin Lokaci, wanda gwamnatin Burtaniya ta TSB da Cibiyar Kare Infrastructure ta Kasa (CPNI) suka hada kai, wanda ya gudana a cikin 2009-2010
* The Trustworthy Software Initiative (TSI - asali Software Security, Dependent and Resilience Initiative - SSDRI), wani aiki mai kyau na jama'a na Burtaniya wanda CPNI ta tallafawa  tsakanin 2011 da 2016

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Naomi Shaban

**Naomi Namsi Shaban** 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Kenya, daga garin Taveta da ke kan iyaka. An haife ta daga zuriyar Taveta, ta zama mace ta farko da aka zaɓa don wakiltar mazaɓar Taveta a Majalisar Dokoki a shekarar 2002 ta hanyar tikitin shiga takarar jam'iyyar Kenya African National Union (KANU). Ta kare kujerar a zaɓen shekara ta 2007 ta hannun KANU kuma ta yi nasara. Daga baya ta shiga jam'iyyar National Alliance Party (TNA) kuma aka sake zaɓenta don wakiltar mazaɓar Taveta a Majalisar Dokoki ta Kenya a shekarar 2013. A shekarar 2017 an sake zaɓenta a karo na huɗu a tarihi cikin ruɗani yayin da babban abokin hamayyarta Morris Mutiso ya yi kururuwar rashin ɗa'a kuma ya nemi a soke sakamakon saboda rashin bin ka'ida da kuma rashin bin doka.  

Daga shekarun 2008 zuwa 2010: an naɗa ta Ministar Jiha ta Shirye-shirye na Musamman, Kenya; daga baya a cikin wani sauye-sauye a majalisar ministoci a watan Agusta a shekarar 2010, ta zama Ministar Jinsi da Harkokin Yara. 

Duk da cewa ta yi nasarar ɓoye sirrin iyayen 'ya'yanta da aurensu, ita uwa ce ga 'ya'ya uku.

A yanzu haka ita ce Mataimakiyar Shugabar Jam'iyyar Masu Rinjaye a Majalisar Dokokin Kenya, memba a Kwamitin Majalisa kan Naɗi, Kwamitin Kasuwanci na Majalisa da Kwamitin Lafiya. 2003 - 2007: Wakiliyar Reshen Kenya - Ƙungiyar Majalisar Dokokin Commonwealth

## Manazarta
Betty Tackaberry Blake

**Betty Tackaberry "Tack" Blake** ( née Ƙungiyar ; Oktoba 29, 1920 - Afrilu 9, 2015) ita ce memba na ƙarshe da ya tsira daga aji na farko na horo (Aji 43-W-1 a Sweetwater, Texas, a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 1943) na rundunar sojojin sama ta Mata Masu Jiragen Sama.  WASPS sun yi jigilar jiragen sama/jigilar kaya, sun ja jiragen sama, wasu ma sun shiga gwajin tashi da kimanta jiragen sama masu ƙarfi da roka. A yayin yin waɗannan ayyukan, matar ta maye gurbin matukan jirgi maza yadda ya kamata, waɗanda za a iya amfani da su a cikin ayyukan yaƙi.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Betty C. Guild a Honolulu, a Hawaii kafin jiha, ga Archibald Smith Guild da Edna Violet Winnifred (Wilson) Guild. Tana da 'yan'uwa maza biyu. Ta sami lasisin tukin jirgin sama ta hanyar Shirin Horar da Tukin Jirgin Sama na Farar Hula a Jami'ar Hawaii . Ta kasance matukin jirgin farar hula mai yawon bude ido/jirgin ruwa a Hawaii a shekarar 1941. 

Ta shaida harin ba zato ba tsammani da Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa ta Japan ta kai a Pearl Harbor a ranar 7 ga Disamba, 1941 daga gidan iyalinta da ke kallon tashar jiragen ruwa. An shirya za ta tashi da safiyar ranar, amma fasinjanta ya soke ranar da ta gabata. Amaryar Betty, Robert Tackaberry, wani jirgin ruwa ne da aka tura zuwa , amma yana tare da Betty a lokacin da jirgin ya nutse.  Mahaifin Betty ya taimaka wa Tackaberry ta koma jirginsa, kodayake dole ne su ɓuya a ƙofar Pearl Harbor har sai da aka kawo ƙarshen harin na biyu. Daga baya faston sojojin ruwa ya auri Tackaberry da Betty wanda ya rubuta "Praise the Lord and Pass the Ammonium", wani sanannen jumla/waƙa na lokacin yaƙi. 

Bayan 'yan watanni bayan harin Pearl Harbor, Jackie Cochran ya ɗauke ta aiki a ƙoƙarin kafa WASPs. Da farko an ƙi Betty don yin horo saboda rashin sa'o'in tashi.  A lokacin aikinta, ta yi jigilar dukkan nau'ikan mayaka, jiragen sama masu jefa bama-bamai, da sauran jiragen sama daga masana'antu zuwa Gabashin Tekun Atlantika don jigilar su, nau'ikan jiragen sama 36 gaba ɗaya.  Ta ce jirgin da ta fi so shine P-51 Mustang na Arewacin Amurka. 

## Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu
Bayan yaƙin, Betty da Robert Tackaberry sun rabu. Daga baya ta auri matukin jirgin saman rundunar sojin sama ta Amurka, George Blake. Sun ƙaura zuwa, suka gina gida na farko a Paradise Valley, Arizona, kuma sun haifi 'ya'ya maza uku waɗanda duk suka zama matukan jirgi. [ ana buƙatar ambato ]

An yi zaton an buga littafinta mai suna *High on Life; Rebel, WASP*, a watan Disamba na 2007 amma an dage buga shi. &#x5B; ** &#x5D; 

## Manazarta
Velta Benn

**Velta Benn** (12 ga Yuni, 1917 - 1 ga Disamba, 2010) matukiyar jirgi ce ta tsawon rai wacce ta fara tashi a shirin Matan Jiragen Sama na Sojojin Sama . A tsawon aikinta, ta yi sa'o'i 55,000 na lokacin tashi sama a cikin shekaru 63. Ita ce mace ta farko da ta sauka da jirgin sama na soja a cikin jirgin ruwan sojojin ruwa.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Benn a ranar 12 ga Yuni, 1917, a Vienna, Virginia .  Domin amsa kiran matukan jirgi a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, Benn ta shiga shirin Matan Jiragen Sama na Sabis na Jiragen Sama (WASP) a 1944.  Ta yi horo na tsawon watanni bakwai a Avenger Field da ke Sweetwater, Texas, ta kammala karatunta a ranar 8 ga Satumba, 1944.  An tura ta aiki a filin jirgin sama na Merced Army inda ta tuka matukan jirgi da jiragen sama a faɗin ƙasar.  Benn ta tashi da ayyukan horo a cikin jiragen At-6s da BT-13s . 

Bayan an wargaza shirin WASP, Benn ta koyar a matsayin mai koyar da jiragen sama na soja  kuma ta yi aiki a wani kamfani da ke shirya fina-finan horar da jiragen sama.  Benn ita ce mace ta farko da ta sauka da jirgin sama na soja a cikin jirgin ruwan sojojin ruwa.  Ta koyar da azuzuwan tsaro ga Kungiyar Masu Jiragen Sama da Masu Jiragen Sama, inda ta zama mace ta farko da ta yi hakan a shekarar 1968.  Pat Nixon ya taba neman ta darussa na tashi kafin jami'an tsaron Fadar White House suka ki amincewa da bukatar.  A tsawon aikinta, ta yi sa'o'i 55,000 na lokacin tashi sama a cikin shekaru 63. 

A shekarar 1977, Benn ta yi jigilar jirgin Stearman daga Washington, DC, zuwa Filin Jirgin Sama na Teterboro da ke New Jersey don tallafawa dokar da za ta bai wa tsoffin sojoji fa'idodi ga membobin WASP kamar ita. [1] Ta ambaci gaskiyar cewa duk da rantsuwar soja a lokacin, mata matukan jirgi har yanzu ana biyan su ƙasa da takwarorinsu maza. [2]

Benn ta mutu a ranar 1 ga Disamba, 2010, a Alexandria, Virginia . 

## Daraja da gado
An shigar da Benn cikin Hall of Fame na Virginia Aviation a 1983  da kuma Hall of Fame ta Kasa a 2023.  An ba ta kyautar Amelia Earhart Scholarship ta Ninety-Nines: Ƙungiyar Mata ta Duniya .  Har ila yau, Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Tarayya ta ba ta suna Flight Instructor of the Year . 

## Manazarta
Micky Axton

**Micky Axton** (Janairu 9, 1919 &#x2013; Fabrairu 6, 2010) ta kasance matukin jirgin sama na Amurka wanda ya kasance matukin jirgi na gwaji a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu . Axton ta kasance "ɗaya daga cikin matukan jirgin sama mata uku na farko da aka horar a matsayin matukin jirgi na gwaji" kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta tashi da jirgin sama kirar B-29 . 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Mildred Darlene Tuttle a Coffeyville, Kansas a cikin 1919 ga Beatrice Fletcher Tuttle da Ralph Tuttle . 

### Sha'awar tukin jirgin sama
Ta fara tashi a cikin jirgin sama, lokacin da take yarinya, ta kasance a cikin Curtiss Jenny mallakar maƙwabci wanda yake daga cikin Inman Brothers Barnstorming Flying Circus . 

Tuttle ta kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Field Kindley a 1936, sannan ta shiga Kwalejin Al'umma ta Coffeyville kuma ta yi karatun lissafi da ilmin sunadarai har zuwa 1938 lokacin da ta koma Jami'ar Jihar Kansas. Ta kammala karatu a shekara ta 1940 tare da takardar shaidar koyarwa kuma ta koyar da ilmin sunadarai a Kwalejin Al'umma ta Coffeyville .   

Ta sami lasisin matukin jirgi a shekara ta 1940 kuma ta halarci shirin Horar da Jirgin Jirgin Jirgi na Jama'a a Kwalejin Al'umma ta Coffeyville a Kansas a matsayin mace daya tilo a cikin aji.

### Tasirin Iyali
Kakararta ita ce fasinja ta farko bayan ta sami lasisin matukan jirgi.

Ɗan'uwanta, Ralph "Tut" Tuttle, matukin jirgi ne na yakin duniya na biyu wanda ya tashi kimanin manufofi 250 wanda ya ba shi manyan fasalulluka biyu da Silver Star . 

## Aure
Mildred Tuttle ta auri David "Wayne" Axton a ranar 1 ga Yuni, 1941, ma'auratan sun zauna a Wichita.

## Mata Masu Jirgin Sama
A shekara ta 1943, Axton ta shiga cikin rukunin horar da mata na Airforce Service (WASP). Bayan kammala karatunta an tura ta zuwa Pecos Army Airfield Base a Texas . 

## Injiniyan gwajin jirgin sama na Boeing

Axton left the WASP program in April 1944 because her mother had taken ill. She applied for a job at the Boeing aircraft plant in Wichita, Kansas, and was hired to work as a flight test engineer.

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 1944 Axton ta yi jirgin tarihi lokacin da ita ce mace ta farko da ta tashi Boeing B-29 Superfortress, mai kaɗa-kaɗa, mai motsi mai motsi huɗu.[1] B-29 na ɗaya daga cikin manyan jirgin sama na lokacinsa.[2] Axton ya ba da labarin jirgin, yana cewa babban injiniyan jirgin "ya sa ni shiga cikin ramin kuma na hau kuma na tashi B-29 na kimanin minti 20, 25".[1]

## Manazarta
Marion Carlstrom

**Marion Virginia Carlstrom Trick** (20 ga Mayu, 1919 – 14 ga Janairu, 2010) ita ce mace ta farko daga Colorado da ta shiga cikin Matan Jiragen Sama na Sojojin Sama kuma mace ta biyu a Peru da ta sami lasisin tukin jirgi.

An haifi Carlstrom a ranar 20 ga Mayu, 1919, a gundumar Jackson, Colorado .  Mahaifinta, Carl Carlstrom, baƙo ne ɗan ƙasar Sweden wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai koyar da jirgin sama na farar hula.  Ɗan'uwan Carl Carlstrom, Victor Carlstrom, ya yi aiki a matsayin laftanar na farko a rundunar sojojin sama ta Amurka a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya  kuma ya yi jirgin sama na farko ba tare da tsayawa ba daga birnin New York zuwa Chicago .  Marion Carlstrom "ta girma tana kallon hotunan kuma tana karanta bayanan" game da kawunta, kuma ta ƙuduri aniyar zama matukin jirgi. 

Carlstrom ta kammala karatun sakandare tana da shekaru 16 sannan ta ci gaba da zuwa Jami'ar Denver . Daga baya ta halarci Kwalejin Bennington da ke Vermont bisa tallafin karatu na cikakken lokaci.  A can, ta yi karatun ilmin kayan tarihi da adabin Kudancin Amurka. 

A shekarar 1940, Carlstrom ta yi tafiya zuwa Lima, Peru a matsayin ɗalibar musayar kuɗi ta ƙasashen waje a Jami'ar Ƙasa ta San Marcos .  Wata memba ta iyalinta ta yi aiki da Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Peru, kuma Carlstrom ta fahimci cewa Rundunar Sojan Sama tana ba da darussan tashi kyauta idan ɗalibai suka biya kuɗin man fetur ɗinsu.  Domin biyan kuɗin, ta zama sakatariya ga jami'in hulɗa da kasuwanci a Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka da ke Lima.  Ita ce mace ta biyu a Peru da ta zama matukin jirgi mai lasisi kuma ta sami kofi daga Shugaba Manuel Prado Ugarteche .  Carlstrom ya shiga tseren jiragen sama a kan tsaunukan Peru, yana shawagi a kan Andes a tsayin ƙafa 18,000. 

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, Carlstrom ya shiga ƙungiyar Matan Jiragen Sama, inda ta yi jigilar jiragen sama "galibi suna bin jiragen sama". [1] Ta yi aiki a ƙungiyar Matan Jiragen Sama (WASP) na tsawon watanni ashirin da biyu [1] kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan Matan Jiragen Saman da suka tashi da jirgin Lockheed P-38 Lightning . [2] An tura ta aiki a filin Love Field da ke Texas. [3] A can, ta haɗu ta auri Carl Trick, wani babban soja na Amurka. [1]

## Manazarta
Kate Lee Harris Adams

**Katherine Lee Harris Adams** (Satumba 5, 1919 - Disamba 2, 2002), wacce aka fi sani da **Kate Adams**, matukin jirgi ne ɗan Amurka wanda ya yi aiki a cikin Matan Jiragen Sama a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu . A matsayinta na memba na Matan Jiragen Sama, an ba ta matsayin soja a 1977. A 2009, an ba ta lambar yabo ta zinare ta Majalisa bayan rasuwarta tare da duk sauran membobin rundunar.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Adams Katherine Lee Harris a Durham, North Carolina a ranar 5 ga Satumba, 1919, ga Arthur Miller Harris, wakilin gari, da Kate Lee Hundley, mai gida kuma tsohon malamin makaranta. Ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Durham a shekarar 1937. Ta halarci Jami'ar Duke, inda ta kammala karatu a 1941 tare da digiri a fannin zane-zane.

## Mata Masu tukin Jirgin Sama
Yayinda take daliba a Jami'ar Duke, ta dauki darasi na Civilian Pilot Training Program, inda aka karɓi mace ɗaya kawai ga kowane maza goma da aka karɓa, kuma ta yi tafiya daga Durham zuwa Raleigh don ɗaukar darussan tashi a filin jirgin sama na gida. Bayan kammala shirin horo, ta sami lasisin matukin jirgi mai zaman kansa.

A shekara ta 1943, Harris ta shiga cikin Sojojin Sama na Amurka a matsayin farar hula ta hanyar shiga Mata Airforce Service Pilots, ƙungiyar mata masu tuka jirgin sama ta farar hula da ma'aikatan gwamnati na tarayya na Amurka ke amfani da su don gwada jirgin sama, jirgin ruwa, da kuma horar da matukan jirgi don 'yantar da matukan jirgin sama na maza don rawar yaƙi a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. Ta yi horo a filin Avenger a Sweetwater, Texas kuma an sanya ta a sansanin sojan sama na Napier a Dothan, Alabama .  Ta tashi PT-17, BT-13, AT-6, da P-40 jirgin sama. Ta gudanar da jirage na gwaji, ta yi aiki a matsayin malami don azuzuwan jirgin sama, kuma ta kai jiragen sama daga Napier zuwa wasu sansanonin jiragen sama na Amurka.

Bayan Harin da aka kai wa Pearl Harbor, Adams ya yi amfani da jiragen soji kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin malami ga 'yan jirgin sama.

Adams ta ba da kayan aikinta da hotuna daga lokacin da take cikin Mata Airforce Service Pilots ga Gidan Tarihi na Arewacin Carolina .  A shekara ta 1977, an ba ta da sauran mambobin sabis ɗin matsayin tsohuwar soja.

Bayan mutuwarta, an ba ta lambar yabo ta zinare ta majalisa don hidimarsu a lokacin yakin.

## Rayuwa da mutuwarsa
Adams ya sadu da Lieutenant Robert Adams, jami'in Sojan Sama na Amurka, yayin da yake aiki a filin Napier . [1][2] Sun yi aure kuma, bayan karshen yakin duniya na biyu, suka koma Kansas City, inda suka zauna na tsawon shekaru takwas, sannan Houston, inda suka rayu na tsawon shekaru hamsin da hudu.[1][2] Ta kasance memba mai aiki a Ikilisiyar Episcopal ta St. Mark.[2] Bayan rasuwar mijinta a 1999, ta koma Durham.[1]

Ta tafi hutu zuwa kasar Sin kuma ta kasance memba na ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyin yawon shakatawa na farko da aka ba da izinin shiga kasar a ƙarƙashin mulkin Kwaminisanci.

Adams ta mutu a ranar 2 ga Disamba, 2002, a gidan ritaya na Croasdaile Methodist a Durham . [1] An gudanar da jana'izarta a cocin yarinta, Trinity United Methodist Church . [1] An binne ta a Kabari na Maplewood . [1]

## Manazarta
Ann Shaw Carter

**Ann Shaw Carter** (Disamba 5, 1922 - Satumba 26, 2005) matukiyar jirgi ce yar Amurka wacce itace matukiyar jirgi ta farko na jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu na kasuwanci kuma mace ta biyu da ta tuka jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu, bayan matukin jirgi ɗan ƙasar Jamus, Hanna Reitsch .

An haifi Carter a Brooklyn, NY, a ranar 5 ga Disamba, 1922, kuma ya koma Fairfield, Connecticut, tun yana yaro. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi karatun ginin jirgin sama a Bridgeport, Connecticut . Daga nan sai ta sami aiki tare da Chance-Vought a matsayin mai kula da masana'antu, ta tara jirgin saman F4U Corsair, don tallafawa darussan jirgin sama. Ta shiga ƙungiyar mata masu kula da jirgin sama (WASP) a cikin 1944, horo a Texas, kuma ta kasance memba na ƙarshe da aka kammala karatun kafin a dakatar da shirin a wannan shekarar.

Bayan ƙarshen yaƙin, ita ce mace ta farko 'yar Amurka da ta koyi tuƙin jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu, inda ta sami lasisin jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu na kasuwanci a ranar 12 ga Yuni, 1947, fiye da shekaru tara bayan tashin jirgin Hannah Reitsch a watan Fabrairun 1938.   Ta zama matukin jirgi tare da Kamfanin Jiragen Sama na Metropolitan, tana tuƙin tafiye-tafiyen yawon buɗe ido da jiragen haya na birnin New York.    An rubuta ta a matsayin matukin jirgi mai saukar ungulu na kasuwanci na farko a duniya.      Ta tashi da jiragen sama na Bell Helicopters, gami da Bell 47B .   A shekarar 1955, tana ɗaya daga cikin membobin da suka kafa Whirly-Girls shida, waɗanda suka yi mata lakabi da "Whirly Girl #2";   tana ɗaya daga cikin membobin al'umma da dama da suka haɗu da Shugaba John F. Kennedy a wata ziyara da ya kai Fadar White House a shekarar 1961.  Ɗaya daga cikin jiragen helikwafta da ta tashi an adana shi a Gidan Tarihi na Jiragen Sama na Amurka da ke West Chester, Pennsylvania .  An dakatar da aikinta na sufurin jiragen sama sakamakon cutar shan inna a ƙarshen shekarun 1950.  

## Rayuwa daga baya
A rayuwarta ta baya, Carter ta ci gaba da zama a Fairfield, Connecticut . Ta auri Edward Carter (ta mutu a shekara ta 2004); ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya uku. [1] [2] Ta kasance mai himma a harkokin siyasa na gida kuma a farkon shekarun 1990, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Friends of Open Space, wata ƙungiya ta Fairfield da ke da niyyar adana fili don amfanin al'umma. [2] A shekara ta 1999, ita da mijinta sun ba reshen Connecticut na National Audubon Society, wata ƙungiyar agaji ta kiyaye muhalli, fili mai girman eka 2.2 don sauƙaƙe samun damar shiga wurin ajiye namun daji na Fairfield. [2] [3]

Carter ya mutu a ranar 26 ga Satumba, 2005, yana da shekaru 83, bayan hatsarin mota.  

## Manazarta