Amanda Fisher

**Dame Amanda Gay Fisher** masanin kimiyyar halitta ce ta Burtaniya, Farfesa Whitley na Biochemistry a Jami'ar Oxford kuma tsohon Darakta na Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya ta London  a harabar Hammersmith Hospital na Kwalejin Imperial ta London, inda ta kasance Shugabar Sashen a Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Asibiti. Ta ba da gudummawa ga fannoni da yawa na ilmin halitta, gami da ƙayyade aikin kwayoyin halitta da yawa a cikin kwayar cutar kanjamau da kuma bayyana muhimmancin wurin Kwayar halitta a cikin kwayoyin tantanin halitta.

A matsayinta na Mai bincike na postdoctoral, ta samar da kwafin aiki na farko na HIV, yana ba da masu bincike damar samun isasshen kayan aiki na halitta don nazarin aikin kwayoyin halitta na kwayar cutar. Daga baya ta zama mai sha'awar epigenetics da sake tsarawa nukiliya, musamman a cikin fararen ƙwayoyin jini da aka sani da lymphocytes da ƙwayoyin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwa. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2016 bincikenta yana mai da hankali kan yadda ake gajiyar tsarin bayyana kwayar halitta lokacin da sel suka rabu, ta amfani da lymphocytes a matsayin tsarin samfurin.

## Ilimi
Fisher ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Birmingham inda aka ba ta PhD a 1984 don bincike kan antigens da aka bayyana a lokacin myelopoiesis .  A lokacin da ta yi PhD an ba ta lambar yabo ta Lady Tata Memorial Fellowship a 1983 don nazarin tsarin kwayar halitta a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Robert Gallo a Cibiyar Lafiya ta Kasa (NIH) a Amurka. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

== Bincike da aiki ==
Binciken Fisher  ya yi amfani da lymphocytes a matsayin abin koyi don nazarin yadda ake watsa tsarin bayyanar kwayar halitta ta hanyar rarraba tantanin halitta. Fisher ya kuma bincika tushen kwayoyin zaɓin zuriya. Tana nazarin hanyoyin fassarar da epigenetic waɗanda ke haifar da bambancin tantanin halitta da sake tsarawa gwaji.

Ayyukanta na bincike sun haɗa da pluripotency da sake tsarawa, polycomb repressor complexes a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta, aikin haɗin kai a cikin bayyanar kwayar halitta da ƙungiyar kwayar halitta tare da abubuwan fassarar iyali na Ikaros (TFs). Tana amfani da fasahar yanzu don magance abubuwan da suka faru da ke tattare da kiyaye ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwa (ES) da bambancin zuwa ga mesoderm, endoderm da ectoderm, da kuma hanyoyin T cell da B cell lineage choice da bambancin.

=== HIV / AIDS ===
Binciken Fisher a cikin kwayar cutar kanjamau ya kasance mai yawa kuma yana da mahimmanci ga bincike na gaba game da halaye na kwayar cutar. Ta samar da kwafin aiki na farko na kwayar cutar kanjamau, wanda ya ba ta damar samun damar kayan aiki na halitta don bincike na gaba game da kwayoyin halitta na kwayar cuta.[1] Ta ƙayyade matsayin kwayoyin halitta da yawa a cikin kwayar cutar kanjamau. Wadannan binciken sun kasance masu mahimmanci a cikin nazarin da fahimtar halaye daban-daban na kwayar cutar HIV da Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV). [2]

A NIH, Fisher ya haɓaka hanyoyin da suka ba da damar gabatar da DNA na waje a kan ƙwayoyin jini na mutum. Hanyoyi biyu, protoplast fusion da electroporation, sun tabbatar da nasara kuma sun ba Fisher damar gwada ko kwayoyin halitta da aka ware daga al'adun da suka kamu da cutar kanjamau na iya haifar da retrovirus mai kamuwa da cuta a kan kamuwa. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

Fisher ya nuna a cikin 1985 cewa kwayoyin kwayoyin HIV, waɗanda ke ƙunshe da kusan 18kb na DNA mai haɗuwa, suna aiki ne na halitta kuma suna samar da kwayar cutar cytopathic lokacin da aka gabatar da su cikin ƙwayoyin T na mutum na farko. Wannan ya tabbatar da cewa samfuran kwayar cutar kanta, maimakon cofactor ko gurɓataccen, suna iya kashe ƙwayoyin T na mutum kuma saboda haka suna iya yin sulhu da tasirin rigakafin HIV. Ya ba da tushe don rarraba aikin kwayoyin kowane kwayar halitta da kuma haɓaka gwaje-gwaje na DNA don kamuwa da kwayar cutar HIV. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] 

## Manazarta