Rex Sinquefield

**Rex Andrew Sinquefield**  / / ˈsɪŋ kfiːld / ; an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Satumba, 1944)  ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan Amurka, mai saka hannun jari, kuma mai taimakon jama'a wanda aka kira shi 'majagaba a asusun index-fund' saboda bayar da gudummawa ga ci gaba da kuma yaɗa asusun index da ba a sarrafa ba tsakanin masu zuba jari.  Sinquefield shi ma ya kasance tare da kafa Dimensional Fund Advisors . Memba ne na Jam'iyyar Republican, yana da himma a harkokin siyasar Missouri. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An yi wa Sinquefield tiyata sau 18 kafin ya cika shekara biyar.  Mahaifinsa ya mutu yana da shekara biyar. An sanya Sinquefield da ɗan'uwansa a wani gidan marayu na Katolika,  a gidan yara na Saint Vincent da ke St. Louis, Missouri .  Sinquefield ya shaida wa BBC cewa rukunin makarantar ya koya masa tarbiyya.  Lokacin da suke matasa, Sinquefield da ɗan'uwansa sun koma gida don zama tare da mahaifiyarsu. 

Ya kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Bishop DuBorg a shekarar 1962.  Ya yi karatu a matsayin firist a Diocesan Seminary a Kwalejin Cardinal Glennon da ke St. Louis.  A lokacin Yaƙin Vietnam, ya yi aiki a matsayin abin da ya bayyana a matsayin "mai son kuɗi" a cikin ƙungiyar kuɗi a Fort Riley .  Ya yi karatun digirinsa na farko a fannin kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Saint Louis kuma ya sami digiri na MBA daga Jami'ar Chicago . 

## Sana'a
Sinquefield ya yi aiki a Bankin Ƙasa na Amurka na Chicago, inda ya haɓaka, a shekarar 1973, asusun farko na S&amp;amp;P 500 wanda aka sarrafa ba tare da wani sharaɗi ba.   Saboda yawan kuɗaɗen ciniki a lokacin da kuma ƙarancin kuɗin ruwa ga ƙananan hannun jari na kamfanoni da yawa, Sinquefield bai sayi dukkan hannun jari 500 da aka jera a cikin S&P 500 ba, amma duk da haka ya sami damar bin diddigin ma'aunin sosai. Bayan shekaru bakwai, asusun ya sami dala biliyan 12. 

A watan Mayu na shekarar 1974, a cikin zurfin kasuwar beyar mafi muni tun daga shekarun 1930, Sinquefield da Roger Ibbotson sun yi hasashen cewa: Matsakaicin Masana'antu na Dow Jones, wanda ya yi taho-mu-gama a shekarun 800 a lokacin, zai kai 9,218 a shekarar 1998 da kuma 10,000 nan da Nuwamba na shekarar 1999. Hasashensu ya tabbatar da cewa ya yi daidai. 

### Masu Ba da Shawara kan Asusun Girma
A shekarar 1981, Sinquefield da wani mataimakin koyarwa na Jami'ar Chicago, David G. Booth, suka kafa Dimensional Fund Advisors, asusun farko mai zaman kansa wanda ya mayar da hankali kan ƙananan kamfanoni (microcap) waɗanda aka saba watsi da su a manyan kamfanoni na wannan lokacin. Ya zuwa ranar 30 ga Yuni, 2018, ta mallaki kadarori sama da dala biliyan 582.  

Tare da farfesa Roger G. Ibbotson na Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale, ya rubuta tare da littafin 1989 mai suna Hannun Jari, Jari, Lissafi da Kumburi, wani bincike kan ribar kasuwar hannayen jari.

An ce dabarun saka hannun jari na Dimensional Fund Advisors yana ƙirƙirar fayil mafi kyau wanda ya ƙunshi asusu daban-daban waɗanda ke kwaikwayon salo da girman kasuwannin tsaro daban-daban a duk duniya ta yadda wani asusu zai iya yin aiki kamar S&P 500, wani kuma zai iya yin daidai da hannun jarin ƙimar da ke cikin S&P 500, yayin da na uku zai iya yin koyi da aikin duk ƙananan hannun jari. Sinquefield mai goyon bayan saka hannun jari mara amfani, ma'ana yana ganin ba za ka iya doke kasuwa ba kawai. 

A shekarar 2005, ya yi ritaya daga DFA saboda ya "gaji" kuma ya koma St. Louis, inda ya shiga harkokin siyasa da taimakon jama'a. 

A shekarar 2024, DFA ta dauki nauyin wani shirin gaskiya na Errol Morris game da Sinquefield da Booth. 

## Siyasa
Sinquefield yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu ba da kuɗi ga 'yan siyasa na hannun dama a ƙasar, kuma babban mai kashe kuɗi a siyasa a Missouri, bayan ya kashe aƙalla dala miliyan 31.5 tsakanin 2006 da 2014, Brendan Fischer, babban lauya na Cibiyar Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai da Dimokuraɗiyya, ya rubuta a 2014.  Sinquefield ta ba da gudummawa ga matakan wargaza zaman malamai, kafa kamfanonin sayar da ruwa da haƙƙin yin aiki, mayar da filin jirgin saman St. Louis Lambert na ƙasa da ƙasa, haɗa birnin St. Louis da gundumar St. Louis, da faɗaɗa makarantun haya . 

### Cibiyar Nuna-Me
Bayan dawowarsa St. Louis, Sinquefield ya kafa Cibiyar Show-Me tare da R. Crosby Kemper III, wani ma'aikacin banki a Kansas City. Show-Me, wanda ke zaune a Clayton, wani kamfani ne mai tunani wanda ke ba da umarnin yin nazari kan batutuwan manufofin jama'a.  An yi masa lakabi da 'yanci,    masu ra'ayin mazan jiya,   da kuma 'yanci.  Shi ne shugaban cibiyar, wanda taken sa shine "Ci gaban 'yanci tare da alhaki ta hanyar haɓaka mafita na kasuwa don manufofin jama'a na Missouri." 

Show-Me ya yi nasarar yin kira ga kudirin gyaran ikon mallakar kebul da kuma HB 818, wanda ya sanya Missouri jiha ta farko da ta bar ma'aikata su ba da gudummawar kuɗin kafin haraji ga asusun ajiyar lafiyar ma'aikata. Show-Me ya kuma yi adawa da amfani da gwamnati wajen amfani da yankin da ya fi shahara . 

### Gudummawar kamfen
Sinquefield ya fara ba wa 'yan siyasar Missouri kuɗi na jam'iyyun siyasa biyu bayan da majalisar dokokin jihar ta kawar da iyakokin kuɗaɗen kamfen a shekarar 2009,  kuma zuwa 2015, ya ba da kuɗi ga "mafi yawan" 'yan majalisa a majalisun biyu na Missouri.  Ya fi mai da hankali kan sauya ilimin jama'a, gyaran haraji, da kuma riƙon amana a gwamnati. 

Ya bayar da gudummawar dala $1&nbsp;miliyan ga yakin neman zaben mataimakin gwamnan Missouri na jam'iyyar Republican Bev Randles na shekarar 2016  da kuma kimanin dala 750,000 ga Kurt Schaefer, dan takarar jam'iyyar Republican na babban lauya.  Duk 'yan takarar biyu sun sha kaye.

Sinquefield ta kuma bayar da gudummawa ga 'yan takarar Missouri Shane Schoeller, Chris Koster, da Sarah Steelman, da kuma yakin neman zaben gwamna na Catherine Hanaway na 2016.  

A shekarar 2014, ya goyi bayan wani shiri na kaɗa ƙuri'a don soke wa'adin aikin malamai a Missouri.  Shi babban mai ba da kuɗi ne ga ƙungiyoyin 'yan ra'ayin mazan jiya da PAC, kamar Pelopidas, LLC. 

A shekarar 2019, an gano cewa Sinquefield yana cikin masu bayar da tallafin kuɗi marasa adadi a cikin wani shiri na maganin wiwi na 2018 da ya gaza. 

Sinquefield da matarsa Jeanne sun ba wa kamfen ɗin Sanata Josh Hawley kuɗi a shekarar 2020.  Sinquefield shi ma ya ba Mike Parson gudummawa a wannan shekarar. 

A shekarar 2021, Sinquefield ya bayar da gudummawar dala 250,000 ga kamfen guda biyu: takarar Scott Fitzpatrick na neman mai binciken kudi na jihar da kuma takarar Mike Kehoe na takarar gwamna a shekarar 2024. 

### Fafutukar manufofin haraji
Sinquefield ya daɗe yana ƙoƙarin canza manufofin haraji a Missouri, musamman ta hanyoyin da za su rage harajinsa da kuma ƙara na waɗanda ke da ƙarancin albashi.  Yana ba da shawarar kawar da harajin kuɗin shiga na jihar da maye gurbinsa da cikakken harajin tallace-tallace.  Yana ba da shawarar maye gurbin harajin kuɗin shiga na Missouri da Kansas da harajin tallace-tallace na jiha  akan abubuwa kamar kula da yara, gidajen cin abinci, da otal-otal. 

Sinquefield ya kuma ba da kuɗi ga ƙungiyar Kansas for No Income Tax wanda ya taimaka wa gwamna Sam Brownback rage harajin samun kuɗi na jihar a 2012.  Wannan manufar ta yi wa gwajin Kansas lakabi da "gwajin Kansas", ta rage kuɗaɗen shiga na jihar da ɗaruruwan miliyoyin daloli;  ta sa aka rage kashe kuɗi a kan hanyoyi, gadoji, da ilimi;   kuma ta kasa ɗaga ci gaban tattalin arziki na Kansas wanda bai kai matsakaicin matsakaici ba.  A shekarar 2017, Majalisar Dokokin Kansas da ke ƙarƙashin ikon Republican ta kaɗa ƙuri'a don mayar da martani ga rage kuɗaɗen tare da soke ƙa'idar Brownback. 

Sinquefield ta kuma yi ta goyon bayan matakan da za a dauka na soke harajin samun kudin shiga na St. Louis da Kansas City, Missouri. 

Shi ne babban mai tallafawa harkokin kuɗi na kwamitin 'Let Voters Decide'.  A shekarar 2010, kwamitin ya sanya wani shiri a duk faɗin jihar a kan kuri'ar Missouri. Wanda aka kira Shawara ta A, zai hana dukkan al'ummomin Missouri ban da Kansas City da St. Louis sanya harajin samun kuɗi. Hakan zai kuma ba wa masu zaɓe na Kansas City da St. Louis damar kaɗa ƙuri'a kan ko za su riƙe harajin samun kuɗin shiga.  'Yan Missouri sun zartar da sharaɗin A da babban gibi.&nbsp;– 68.4% E / 31.6% A'A (Kuri'u 1,294,911 E zuwa 598,010 A'A). 

A ranar 5 ga Janairu, 2011, Let Voters Decide ta gabatar da koke-koke guda tara ga Sakataren Harkokin Waje na Missouri suna kira da a soke harajin kudin shiga na jihar - tare da babban kaso na kashi shida cikin ɗari. Koke-koken sun kuma yi kira da a kara harajin tallace-tallace, wanda aka kayyade a kashi bakwai cikin ɗari, wanda za a yi amfani da shi ga kusan duk wani ciniki na kayayyaki ko ayyuka da ya shafi mutane.  Sinquefield da Let Voters Decide Shugaba Travis Brown ya ce maye gurbin harajin samun kudin shiga da harajin tallace-tallace zai taimaka wajen samar da ayyukan yi, inganta ci gaban tattalin arziki da kuma sa tara kudaden shiga na jiha ya zama mai sauƙi.  A shekarar 2014, Missouri ta rage ƙimar harajin samun kudin shiga. 

### Ikon yankin Sashen 'Yan Sanda na Metropolitan na St. Louis
Sinquefield ya goyi bayan nasarar da aka samu wajen dawo da ikon kula da Sashen 'Yan Sanda na Babban Birnin St. Louis zuwa Birnin St. Louis.  Tun daga shekarar 1861, hukumar 'yan sanda ta kasance karkashin jagorancin kwamitin mutane biyar wanda ya kunshi nadin gwamnoni hudu. 

Sinquefield ta bayar da gudummawar dala 300,000 ga "A Safer Missouri", wata kungiya da ke goyon bayan yakin neman zaben kananan hukumomi.  Wata Safer Missouri ta amince da dokar jiha don goyon bayan ikon kananan hukumomi,  tare da wani shiri na kuri'a da aka shigar wa Sakataren Harkokin Waje na Missouri, wanda za a bi idan kokarin majalisar dokoki ya gaza, a cewar mai magana da yawun A Safer Missouri.  An shigar da shirin kuri'ar kuma aka sanya masa suna Proposition A. 

Hukumar kula da harkokin cikin gida, shirin zaɓen Proposition A, ta sami goyon baya mai yawa,  ciki har da Magajin Garin St. Louis Francis Slay,  da Jam'iyyar Democrat ta Missouri   A ranar 22 ga Fabrairu, 2011, Majalisar Wakilai ta zartar da Dokar Majalisa ta 71, matakin gida a wannan hukumar, da kuri'u 109-46.  Dokar ta tafi kan Majalisar Dattawa, Dokar Majalisar Dattawa ta 23, wadda ta gaza. Don haka aka shigar da shirin zaɓen kuma a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 2012, Proposition A ta zartar da kashi 63.9% zuwa 36.1%. 

### Sayar da hannun jari a filin jirgin sama
Rex Sinquefield ya shiga cikin yunƙurin mayar da filin jirgin saman St. Louis Lambert mai zaman kansa . Ya rabu da Travis Brown, tsohon mai ba shi shawara, bayan an janye shirin zaɓen a shekarar 2020. 

## Taimakon jama'a
Sinquefield da iyalansa suna ba da gudummawar kuɗi ga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban ta hanyar Gidauniyar Jinƙai ta Sinquefield. Gidauniyar ta bayar da gudummawa musamman ga Gidauniyar Ilimi ta Yau da Gobe, Ƙungiyar Ilimi ta Yara ta Missouri, Cibiyar Koyarwa ta Musamman, Shirin Tallafin Karatu na Masters na Dual a Jami'ar Saint Louis, Ƙungiyar Daraja ta St. Louis, Zauren Shahararrun Masu Daraja na Duniya, da kuma Shirin Kiɗa na Mizzou. 

A shekara ta 2009, Sinquefield da matarsa sun ba da dala miliyan 1 ga Makarantar Kiɗa ta Jami'ar Missouri.  An yi amfani da waɗannan kuɗaɗen don ƙirƙirar Sabon Shirin Kiɗa, wani yunƙuri da aka tsara don ƙarfafa matasa su zama mawaƙa da kuma tallafawa sabbin ayyukan haɗa kiɗa.  Sinquefield ta ba da gudummawa ga Gidan Yara na St. Vincent. 

A shekarar 2018, Sinquefield da matarsa sun ba da gudummawar dala miliyan 50 ga Jami'ar Saint Louis a matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin cika shekaru biyu na jami'ar. Kyautar ta taimaka wajen samar da sabon Cibiyar Bincike ta Jami'ar Saint Louis da kuma samar da kuɗaɗen gina sabon ginin Kimiyya da Injiniya na Jami'o'i daban-daban a harabar SLU. Kyautar ita ce mafi girman gudummawa guda ɗaya a tarihin Jami'ar Saint Louis.

Sinquefield darakta ne na St. Vincent Home for Children da ke St. Louis, kuma amintaccen jami'in kula da rayuwar Jami'ar DePaul . Yana aiki a kwamitin gudanarwa na Jami'ar Saint Louis, St. Louis Symphony, Gidan Tarihi na St. Louis, Lambun Botanical na Missouri,  da Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani na St. Louis .  Yana ba da shawara ga Archdiocese na St. Louis kan harkokin kuɗi. 

### Wasan chess na Saint Louis
Tun daga shekarun 2000, Sinquefield ta kashe dubban miliyoyin daloli don haɓaka wasan dara a St. Louis da Amurka, tana mai imanin cewa wasan zai iya canza yara da rayuwarsu ta ilimi. 

A shekara ta 2007, ya buɗe Cibiyar Chess da Scholastic Center ta Saint Louis - daga baya ya sake suna zuwa Saint Louis Chess Club - wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da aka yi niyya don "kiyaye tsarin koyarwa na yau da kullun don koyar da wasan chess da kuma haɓaka da tallafawa shirinta na ilimi ta hanyar wayar da kan jama'a da haɗin gwiwar gida da na ƙasa don ƙara wayar da kan jama'a game da darajar ilimi na chess." Tare da goyon bayan babban ƙarfin Sinquefield, ƙungiyar ta girma cikin sauri a cikin al'ummar wasan chess ta Amurka. A shekara ta 2009, ƙungiyar ta fara ɗaukar nauyin Gasar Cin Kofin Amurka da Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Amurka ta shekara-shekara.

A shekara ta 2010, Sinquefield ya sayi World Chess Hall of Fame da aka rufe kwanan nan, ya gyara wani gida a gefen titi daga Chess Club, sannan ya mayar da shi St. Louis.  A shekara ta 2013 ya ƙaddamar da gasar cin kofin Sinquefield, gasar super-grandmaster. A shekara ta 2018 ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kashe kimanin dala miliyan 50 kan ayyukan agaji da suka shafi dara. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Sinquefield da matarsa, Jeanne, sun haɗu a Judo Club da ke Jami'ar Chicago. Suna da 'ya'ya uku kuma suna aiki tare a DFA, inda Jeanne ke gudanar da sashen ciniki. 

Tun bayan komawarsu St. Louis, sun raba lokacinsu tsakanin gona mai fadin eka 1,000 da wani babban gida a Central West End . *Mujallar St. Louis* ta ce ya nuna wa mutane a kusa da gidan marayu, wanda yanzu ake kira Gidan Yara na St. Vincent. 

Sinquefield ɗan addinin Katolika ne mai ibada. 

## Manazarta