Amy Bradfield Douglass

**Amy Bradfield Douglass** masanin ilimin halayyar jama'a ce wacce bincikenta ke mai da hankali kan haɗuwa da ilimin halayya da doka musamman game da shaidar shaidu. Douglass Farfesa ne na Whitehouse na ilimin halayyar dan adam a Kwalejin Bates .  Douglass kuma marubucin wallafe-wallafen litattafai ne guda biyu. An fi saninta da bincike, kuma an san ta a matsayin gwani don ba da shawara kan gwaji.

## Ilimi da aiki
Douglass ta sami B.A. a cikin Psychology daga Kwalejin Williams tare da girmamawa a shekarar 1996.  Ta halarci makarantar digiri a Jami'ar Jihar Iowa (ISU) kuma ta sami Masters of Science in Psychology (1998) da kuma Ph.D. a cikin ilimin halayyar jama'a (2001).  A ISU ta kasance memba na dakin bincike na Gary L. Wells, dakin gwaje-gwaje na ilimin halayyar dan adam da shari'a. Babban Mai Bincike na wannan dakin gwaje-gwaje ba Wells ba ne, yanzu Andrew Smith ne ke gudanar da shi. Yayinda mataimakin bincike suka yi aiki a kan binciken da ya bincika abin da aka sani da tasirin Post Identification-Feedback. Wells shi ne mai ba da shawara ga karatun digiri na Douglass kuma wasu daga cikin ayyukansu sun dogara ne akan rubutun Douglass.

Bayan ta sami digiri ta zama farfesa a Kwalejin Bates . A Kwalejin Bates, tana koyar da darussan ilimin halayyar dan adam na sama kamar ilimin halayya da doka, da kuma darussan kididdiga. Kwalejin Williams ta sanya Douglass a matsayin gwani mai shaida don tuntuɓar shari'a kamar yadda Saul Kassin ya ba da shawarar.

### Ayyukan edita
Douglass ta kasance mataimakin edita na mujallar Law & Human Behavior wanda American Psychological Association (APA) ta buga. A cikin 2019 APA ta buga wani fitowa a cikin Law & Human Behavior Journal tana godiya ga ƙungiyar editocin wanda, Douglass wani ɓangare ne, saboda aikin da suka yi wajen kara tasirin mujallar.

### Bayyanawa cikin al'umma
Douglass mai tallafawa ne ta hanyar Kwalejin Bates na jerin jerin kowane wata mai taken The Great Falls Forum wanda ke cikin ɗakin karatu na Lewiston.  A ranar 19 ga Oktoba, 2017, ta gabatar da bayanai game da gano shaidar ido da hanyoyin layi. A cikin wannan taron, ta nuna yadda za'a iya ganin hoto a matsayin matashi ko tsohuwar mace. Wannan zanga-zangar ta nuna iyakokin ƙwaƙwalwar ɗan adam da fahimta. Douglass kuma memba ne mai aiki a wasu kungiyoyi, ta kasance memba na Cibiyar Mata ta Hikima tun daga 2021. Cibiyar tana mai da hankali kan ƙirƙirar yanayin warkarwa da wadatar mata. Douglass kuma yana cikin kwamitin Society for Applied Research in Memory and Cognition (SARMAC) a matsayin sakataren su-mai ba da kuɗi a lokacin wa'adin 2022-2025. 

## Bincike
Binciken Douglass tana mai da hankali kan shaidar shaidu. A matsayinta na dalibi mai digiri ta yi aiki tare da Gary Wells wajen gano wani sanannen sakamako da ake kira Post Identification-Feedback effect. Wannan shine lokacin da bayanai (tabbatarwa-tabbatar ko rashin tabbacin-tabbobin) da aka ba wa mai shaida bayanan gano wanda ake zargi ya karkatar da tunanin shaidu game da ganewar. Sa'an nan a cikin 1999 Douglass da Wells sun ci gaba da bincika tasirin Post Identification-Feedback kuma idan akwai masu gudanar da wannan sakamako. A cikin wannan binciken sun ba da shawarar cewa tasirin ra'ayi na iya zama fassara a matsayin tasirin fahimtar kai. Sun sami mafita ga wannan sakamako shine amfani da hanyoyin da suka dace kamar amfani da layi na makafi. A shekara ta 2000 yayin da Douglass dalibi ne na digiri a ISU, Wells da Douglass sun bincika ka'idojin da Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta bayar game da gano shaidu ( 1972).  Wannan labarin ya dogara ne akan rubutun Douglass yayin da take cikin shirin ta na Master kuma Wells ya kula da shi. Sun gano cewa mutane sun haɗa da fannoni na ka'idodin Briggers lokacin da suka yi kimantawa game da daidaito na shaidar ido.

Douglass har yanzu tana ci gaba da bincike kan tasirin ra'ayoyin Post-Identification, a cikin 2014 sun bincika tasirin ka'idoji da manufofi, shekaru 15 bayan an gano shi. Sa'an nan a cikin 2019 ta bincika abin da wallafe-wallafen ya kasance bayan shekaru 20 sannan ta yi amfani da yadda ya shafi yanke shawara na kotun koli. A cikin 2022 Douglass ya kasance mai karɓar Fulbright Scholarship, inda suka kwatanta al'adun Jafananci da Amurka don ganin idan ya shafi tunanin su.

Douglass ta ci gaba da bincike kan bayanan shaidu, tare da wasu ayyukanta na baya-bayan nan na nazarin abubuwan da ke tasiri ga ganewa kamar saurin ganewa.

## Littattafai

* [Hotuna a shafi na 9] *Kimiyya ta halayyar dan adam da doka*. Jaridar Guilford Press . 
* [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga Ibrananci da Ibrananci. Wrightsman's Psychology da Tsarin Shari'a (10th edition).Rashin jituwa.

## Manazarta