Dokar Yara don Aiki Mai Alhaki

**Dokar Yara don Yin Aiki Mai Alhaki** (Dokar CARE) lissafin Amurka ne wanda zai magance yanayin aiki na ma'aikatan filin yara ta hanyar sanya shekaru iri ɗaya, sa'o'in aiki, da iyakokin fallasa magungunan kashe qwari kamar sauran sana'o'i da ƙara hukumcin cin zarafin yara. Wakili Lucille Roybal-Allard ya gabatar da dokar Yara don Yin Aiki (CARE Act, HR 3564) lissafin a cikin Satumba 2009 kuma daga baya ya sake gabatar da shi.

## Fage
Yara masu shekaru 12 da ke aiki kamar sa'o'i 12 a rana, watanni shida a shekara, suna fuskantar yanayi masu haɗari: yanayin zafi, magungunan kashe qwari, da aiki mai haɗari. Masana'antar noma ta kasance ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin aiki masu sassaucin ra'ayi fiye da kowane sana'a a Amurka. Sakamakon haka, rashin daidaiton makaranta yana iyakance damarsu na samun nasara a makarantar sakandare ko fiye. Yanayin haɗari yana barazana ga lafiyarsu da rayukansu.

The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), wadda ita ce ginshiƙin dokar kare aikin yara na Amurka, an fara aiwatar da ita ne a cikin 1938 don magance yaɗuwar cin zarafi da raunin da yara masu aikin masana'antu ke fuskanta. A lokacin, aikin gona na iyali ya kasance gama gari, don haka lissafin ya zana ma'auni masu sauƙi ga yaran da ke aikin noma. Aikin noma ya ƙara haɓaka injiniyoyi da masana'antu tun lokacin, saboda sarrafa kansa da tattarawar masana'antar noma. A yau, FLSA da dokokin da ke da alaƙa suna bin ƙa'idodin asali na aikin noma. Kungiyar Shirye-shiryen Damarar Ma'aikatan Noma ta kiyasta cewa akwai yara tsakanin 400,000 zuwa 500,000 da ke aiki a masana'antar noma. Yara masu shekaru 12 suna aiki a cikin filayen. Babu matsakaicin adadin sa'o'i da ake yi a rana, ban da kasancewar sa'o'in makaranta. Suna fuskantar matsanancin zafi, magungunan kashe qwari masu cutarwa da yanayi masu haɗari. Yara suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da magungunan kashe qwari har sau uku fiye da manya saboda girmansu da matakin haɓakar ilimin halittu. Rauni ko mace-mace na faruwa saboda rashin horon amfani da kayan aiki masu ƙarfi. Adadin mace-macen ya ninka sau shida a kowace masana'antu: yara suna da kashi 20% na duk mutuwar gonaki. Ko da yake noma yana cikin manyan ayyuka masu haɗari ga yara, ba a kiyaye kididdiga na hukuma don lura da zurfin hadurran da ke tasowa daga aikin yara.

Yara a gonaki ko gonaki suna ciyar da matsakaicin sa'o'i 30 a mako suna aiki, gami da lokacin karatun shekara. Wannan yana tasiri nasarar ilimi, kuma kashi 50% na yaran da ke aiki a gonaki za su kasa kammala karatun sakandare. Ma'aikatar Kwadago ta Amurka ta kiyasta cewa yara suna samun kudin shiga na kusan $1,000 bayan aikin shekara guda.

## Dokokin CARE
Wakilin Lucille Roybal-Allard ya gabatar da Dokar Yara don Ma'aikata Mai Alhaki (CARE Act, HR 3564) lissafin a watan Satumba na 2009. Dokar Yara don Yin Aiki mai Alhaki (Dokar CARE, HR 3564) ta gabatar da mafi girman yanayin da dubun dubatan yara na iya zama ƙanana a cikin shekaru 12. aiki a rana. Manufar kudirin dai ita ce ta daukaka matsayin yaran da ke aikin noma zuwa na kowace irin sana'a a Amurka. Tun daga Satumba 1, 2010 lissafin yana da masu tallafawa 103.

Yayin da yake kan Dutsen Capitol, Longoria da Romano sun nuna al'amuran daga shirin mai tsayin fasali The Harvest don kwatanta yanayin aiki mai tsanani da cin zarafin yara a cikin fage.

A cikin watan Satumba na 2009 an gudanar da taron tattaunawa tsakanin Sakatariyar Ma'aikata Hilda Solis da suka hada da Dolores Huerta na United Farm Workers, da mai shirya fina-finai Robin Romano, Mark Lara daga Sashen Ma'aikata na Ma'aikata da Sa'a, da sauran masana. A lokacin gabatarwa, an bayyana cikakkun bayanai game da lissafin Roybal-Allard: dole ne yaro ya kasance aƙalla shekaru 14 don yin aiki a cikin filayen, yara 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 16 an hana su yin aiki a cikin filayen idan ya shafi lafiyarsu ko aikin makaranta, kuma yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 18 suna ƙuntatawa daga aiki mai haɗari.

## Manazarta