R. S. Subbalakshmi

Sister **R. S. Subbalakshmi** (wani lokacin ana rubuta **Subbulakshmi** ko **Subhalakshmi**) (18 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1886 - 20 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 1969), ta kasance Mai gyara zamantakewa al'umma da kuma ilimi a Indiya. &nbsp;

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi

An haifi Subbalakshmi a ranar 18 ga Agusta, 1886 a ƙauyen Rishiyurur da ke gundumar Tiruvarur ta yanzu, Tamil Nadu  (ko kuma a yankin Mylapore) .  na Chennai, babban birnin jihar).  Ita ce 'yar farko ga Visalakshi da RV Subramania Iyer (injiniya a Sashen Ayyukan Jama'a na Fadar Shugabancin Madras ).  Sun fito ne daga dangin Tamil Brahmin na gargajiya daga tsohuwar Gundumar Tanjore .

An sanya Subbalakshmi a matsayi na farko a jarrabawar jama'a a gundumar Chingleput, a matsayi na huɗu na Shugabancin Madras tana da shekaru tara.  Ta yi aure tun tana ƙarama, kamar yadda aka saba, amma mijinta ya mutu jim kaɗan bayan haka.  A watan Afrilun 1911, ta zama mace ta farko ta Hindu da ta kammala karatunta daga Shugabancin Madras  kuma ta yi hakan da lambar yabo ta aji ɗaya daga Kwalejin Shugabanci, Madras . 

## Aikin zamantakewa
A shekarar 1912, ta kafa ƙungiyar Sarada Mata domin samar da wurin taro da dandamali ga matan gida da sauran mata don haɓaka wayar da kan jama'a a tsakaninsu game da matsalolin zamantakewa da kuma ƙarfafa su su ilmantar da kansu da kuma gidan Sarada Illam ko Gidan Bazawara,  wanda ya gyara tare da ilmantar da zawarawa yara a Madras. 

A shekarar 1921  ko 1927, ta kafa Sarada Vidyalaya a ƙarƙashin ikon ƙungiyar Sarada Ladies Union.  A shekarar 1922 ta ƙaddamar da Kwalejin Horarwa da Aiki ta Lady Willingdon kuma ita ce shugabar makarantar ta farko.  Ta kuma kafa Srividya Kalanilayam, wata makaranta ga manyan mata a Mylapore a shekarar 1942,  kuma yayin da take shugabar ƙungiyar mata ta Mylapore, ta kafa ƙungiyar makaranta ta Mylapore Ladies Club, a shekarar 1956, wadda aka sake mata suna zuwa Makarantar Vidya Mandir, a Mylapore.  

A shekarar 1954, ta shiga cikin kafa cibiyar kula da jin dadin jama'a ga mata da yara a ƙauyen Madambakkam, kusa da Tambaram . 

## Aikin siyasa
A lokacin da take aikin gwamnati a matsayin Shugabar Kwalejin Horarwa ta Lady Willingdon kuma Babban Jami'in Kula da Dakunan kwanan dalibai na Ice House, an hana Subbalakshmi shiga Ƙungiyar Mata ta Indiya .  Domin ci gaba da gudanar da makarantarta, Subbalakshmi ta yi watsi da imaninta da ƙoƙarinta na hana auren yara ƙanana. Duk da haka, ta yi amfani da iyawarta wajen magana da harshen Tamil, ta yi ƙoƙarin kawar da auren yara ƙanana da kuma ƙarfafa ilimin 'yan mata.

Taron farko mai tarihi, na taron matan All India da aka kafa a lokacin, wanda aka kira "Taron Matan All India kan Gyaran Ilimi", an gudanar da shi a Kwalejin Fergusson, Pune a watan Janairun 1927. [1] Subbalakshmi tana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun wakilai hamsin da takwas da suka halarci wannan taron. [1] [2] Ta goyi bayan Dokar Hana Auren Yara, wadda aka zartar a shekarar 1930, kuma ta bayyana a gaban kwamitin Joshi [3] [4] wanda ya tsara dokar da ta taimaka wajen ɗaga shekarun auren 'yan mata zuwa goma sha huɗu da kuma maza zuwa goma sha shida. Bayan ritaya, ta shiga cikin ayyukan Ƙungiyar Matan Indiya, wadda ta yi abota da Annie Besant da sauransu.

Ta yi aiki a matsayin memba da aka zaɓa a Majalisar Dokokin Madras daga 1952 zuwa 1957.  

## Lambobin yabo da karramawa
Shahararren Raj na Burtaniya ya karrama ta da lambar yabo ta Kaisar-i-Hind ta Zinare don hidimar jama'a a shekarar 1920. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

A shekarar 1958, gwamnatin Indiya mai zaman kanta ta ba ta kyautar Padma Shri .  

## Mutuwa
Subbulakshmi ya mutu a ranar 20 ga Disamba 1969, wanda shine Ranar Ekadashi . 

## Manazarta