Nicola Spaldin

**Nicola Ann Spaldin** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1969)   FRS farfesa ce a fannin kimiyyar kayan aiki a ETH Zurich, wacce aka sani da bincike na farko a kan Multiferroics.     

## Ilimi da rayuwar farko
Dan asalin Sunderland, Tyne da Wear, Ingila, Spaldin ya sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar halitta daga Jami'ar Cambridge a shekarar 1991, da kuma PhD a fannin ilmin sunadarai daga Jami'an California, Berkeley a shekarar 1996.

## Ayyuka da bincike
Spaldin was inspired to search for multiferroics, magnetic ferroelectric materials, by a remark about potential collaboration made by a colleague studying ferroelectrics during her postdoctoral research studying magnetic phenomena at Yale University from 1996 to 1997. She continued to develop the theory of these materials as a new faculty member at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), and in 2000 published (under her previous name, Hill) "a seminal article" that for the first time explained why few such materials were known. Following her theoretical predictions, in 2003 she was part of a team that experimentally demonstrated the multiferroic properties of bismuth ferrite, BiFeO3. Over the next years she was involved in a number of developments in the rapidly emerging field of multiferroics, including the first demonstration of electric-field control of magnetism in BiFeO3 (selected by Science magazine as one of their "Areas to watch" in their 2007 Breakthroughs of the Year section), the discovery of conducting ferroelectric domain walls and a strain-driven morphotropic phase boundary, again in BiFeO3, and the identification of new mechanisms for multiferroicity, for example the improper geometric ferroelectricity in YMnO3. In the same time period, she developed and implemented methodology to allow application of finite electric and magnetic fields to metal-insulator heterostructures within the density functional theory formalism, allowing her to solve the long-standing problem of the origin of the dielectric dead layer in capacitors and to identify previously unknown routes to magnetoelectric coupling.

11Spaldin ya ƙaura daga UCSB zuwa ETH Zurich a cikin 2010.  Tun daga wannan lokacin, sabbin hanyoyi guda uku sun fito fili a cikin fayil ɗin bincikenta. Ɗaya shine ci gaban ra'ayi da tsari na magnetic multipoles, wanda ke buƙatar ka'idar magnetism fiye da matakin magnetic-dipole na yau da kullun. Baya ga muhimmancin su don haɗin wutar lantarki, waɗannan sun tabbatar da dacewa don fahimtar faruwar magnetism a saman antiferromagnet da aka biya da kuma nuna abubuwan da suka bambanta kamar altermagnetism da magnetic skyrmions. Na biyu, kafa Dynamical Multiferroicity,  wanda ya haifar da sha'awar abin da ake kira chiral phonons da kuma abubuwan da ke tattare da su.  Kuma na uku, aikace-aikacen da ba a tsammani na multiferroics a wasu rassan da suka fi dacewa da kimiyyar lissafi: Ta tsara sabon multiferroic tare da takamaiman ƙayyadaddun da ake buƙata don ba da damar bincike mai ƙarfi don lokacin dipole na lantarki na lantarki  kuma ta gano multiferroïc tare da horar da lokaci mai saurin daidaitawa wanda ke samar da kwatankwacin crystallographic na igiyoyin sararin samaniya.  Wadannan ayyukan "cross-over" sun haifar da sha'awar yanzu a gano ainihin abu mai duhu.

An jera littattafanta a kan Masanin Google. 

### Kyaututtuka da girmamawa
Spaldin ita ce ta lashe kyautar James C. McGroddy ta American Physical Society ta 2010 don Sabbin Kayan aiki, [1] wanda ya lashe Kyautar Rössler na Gidauniyar ETH Zurich a shekarar 2012, [2] wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Kimiyya ta Turai ta 2015 don "kafa tushe na ka'idoji ga sabon dangin kayan Multiferroic" [3] [4] kuma daya daga cikin wadanda suka lashe kyautar L'Oréal-UNESCO ta 2017 don Mata a Kimiyya. [4][5][6] A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2017 an ba ta lambar yabo ta Lise-Meitner Lectureship na Austrian da German Physical Societies a Vienna kuma a shekarar 2019 ta lashe kyautar Kimiyya ta Switzerland Marcel Benoist . [7][8][9][10] A cikin 2021 ta sami lambar yabo ta IUPAP Magnetism da Medal Néel, kuma a cikin 2022 Kyautar Europhysics ta European Physical Society da Kyautar Hamburg don Physics.[11][12][13] A shekara ta 2023, ta lashe kyautar Gothenburg Lise Meitner . [14]