Yanayin ƙasa na Nevada

Jihar **[[Nevada]]** ta Amurka da ba ta da iyaka tana da yanayin ƙasa daban-daban kuma kusan gaba ɗaya tana cikin Lardin Basin da Range kuma yawancin tsaunuka na arewa maso kudu sun raba shi. Yawancin waɗannan kewayon suna da kwari tsakanin su.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
Yawancin yankin arewacin jihar yana cikin Babban Basin, sahara mai laushi wanda ke fuskantar zafi mai zafi a lokacin rani da yanayin sanyi a lokacin hunturu.  Lokaci-lokaci, danshi daga daminar Arizona zai haifar da tsawa lokacin rani;  Guguwar Pacific na iya rufe yankin da dusar ƙanƙara.  Mafi girman zafin jiki na jihar shine 125 °F (52 °C) a cikin Laughlin (tsawon ƙafa 605 ko mita 184) a ranar 29 ga Yuni, 1994.[1]  Mafi yawan zafin jiki da aka yi rikodin shine -52 °F (-47 °C) da aka saita a San Jacinto a cikin 1972, a yankin arewa maso gabas na jihar.

Kogin Humboldt ya ratsa jihar daga gabas zuwa yamma ya ratsa arewacin jihar, inda ya ratsa cikin kogin Humboldt dake kusa da Lovelock.  Koguna da yawa suna malala daga Gabas ta Saliyo, gami da Walker, Truckee, da kogin Carson.  Duk waɗannan kogunan kwalaye ne na endorheic, suna ƙarewa a tafkin Walker, tafkin Pyramid, da Carson Sink, bi da bi.  Koyaya, ba duk Nevada ke cikin Babban Basin ba.  Tafsirin Kogin Snake ya malala zuwa arewa mai nisa, yayin da kogin Colorado, wanda kuma ya samar da iyaka da Arizona, ya mamaye yawancin kudancin Nevada.

Duwatsun tsaunuka, wasu daga cikinsu suna da tsaunuka sama da ƙafa 13,000 (4,000 , suna da gandun daji masu kyau sama da filayen hamada, suna haifar da tsibirai na sama don nau'o'in da ba su da yawa. Sau da yawa kwarin ba su da ƙasa a tsawo fiye da  , yayin da wasu a tsakiyar Nevada suna sama da  .

Kashi na uku na kudancin jihar, inda yankin Las Vegas yake, yana cikin hamadar Mojave. Yankin yana samun ruwan sama kaɗan a cikin hunturu amma yana kusa da Arizona Monsoon a lokacin rani. Yankin kuma yana da ƙasa, galibi ƙasa da ƙafa 4,000 (1,200 , yana haifar da yanayi don kwanakin bazara masu zafi da sanyi zuwa dare mai sanyi.

Nevada da California suna da layi diagonal mafi tsawo (dangane da manyan hanyoyi) a matsayin iyaka jihar a sama da kilomita 400 (640 . Wannan layin ya fara ne a Tafkin Tahoe kusan kilomita 4 (kilomita 6.4) a bakin teku (a cikin jagorancin iyaka), kuma ya ci gaba zuwa Kogin Colorado inda iyakokin Nevada, California, da Arizona suka haɗu da kilomita 12 (19  kudu maso yammacin Laughlin Bridge.

Babban tsaunin dutse a kudancin jihar shine Spring Mountain Range, a yammacin Las Vegas. Matsayi mafi ƙasƙanci na jihar yana tare da Kogin Colorado, kudu da Laughlin .

Nevada tana da tsaunuka 172 tare da   na shahararrun. Nevada ta kasance ta biyu a Amurka ta yawan duwatsu, a bayan Alaska, kuma a gaban California, Montana, da Washington.

## Yanayi

Nevada ita ce jihar da ta fi bushewa a Amurka. Ya ƙunshi mafi yawan yankunan hamada da tsaka-tsaki, kuma, ban da Kwarin Las Vegas, matsakaicin yanayin zafi na lokacin rani yana kusa da  ° F (22 ° C) a yawancin jihar. Duk da yake hunturu a arewacin Nevada yana da tsawo kuma yana da sanyi sosai, lokacin hunturu a kudancin jihar yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma yana da sauƙi. Yawancin sassan Nevada suna samun karancin ruwan sama a cikin shekara. Mafi yawan ruwan sama da ke faɗuwa a cikin jihar yana faɗuwa daga gabas da arewa maso gabashin gangaren Sierra Nevada.

Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a kowace shekara kusan inci 7 (180 ; sassan da suka fi ruwan sama suna samun kusan inci 40 (1,000 . Mafi girman zafin jiki da aka rubuta a Nevada shine  ° F (52 ° C) a Laughlin a ranar 29 ga Yuni, 1994, kuma mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki wanda aka rubuta shine -50 ° F (-46 ° C) A San Jacinto a ranar 8 ga Janairu, 1937. Karatun  ° F (52 ° C) na Nevada shine na uku mafi girma a cikin jihar Amurka, bayan karatun  ° F (53 ° C) da karatun  ° F (57 ° C) ta California.

### Bayanan yanayi

## Tsire-tsire da dabbobi

Kasancewa Jihar Amurka mafi bushewa, kuma tare da yawancin sa suna cikin manyan hamada kamar Great Basin Desert da Mojave Desert,  yawancin kwayoyin Nevada sun dace da yanayin hamada.

Duk da haka, yanayin halittu na Nevada ya bambanta kuma ya bambanta da yankin jihar. Ya ƙunshi yankuna shida na halittu: alpine, sub-alpine, ponderosa pine, Pinion-juniper, sagebrush da creosotebush .

Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan tsuntsaye 488 (kamar gaggafa da tsuntsayen dutse),  nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa 61 (kamar tumaki da coyotes na hamada),  nau'ikan kunama 16,  nau'ikan da ke rarrafe 52 (kamar Great Basin rattlesnakes da tururuwan hamada)  da nau'ikan kifi 48 (kamar Lahontan cutthroat trout da dutse whitefish).

## Gudanarwa

### Yankuna

An raba Nevada zuwa *yankuna* na siyasa da aka sanya a matsayin yankuna. Carson City a hukumance karamar hukuma ce, ma'ana tana aiki bisa doka a matsayin birni da gundumar. Ya zuwa 1919, akwai yankuna 17 a cikin jihar, daga 146 zuwa 18,159 murabba'in mil (380 zuwa 47,030 ).

Lake County, ɗaya daga cikin yankuna tara na asali da aka kafa a 1861, an sake masa suna Roop County a 1862. Wani ɓangare na gundumar ya zama Lassen County, California, a cikin 1864, yana warware rashin tabbas na iyaka. A cikin 1883, Washoe County ta haɗa ɓangaren da ya kasance a Nevada.

A shekara ta 1969, an rushe gundumar Ormsby kuma Majalisar Dokoki ta kirkiro karamar hukumar Carson City a matsayinta na tsohuwar iyakokin gundumar Ormesby.

An kafa Gundumar Bullfrog a cikin 1987 daga wani ɓangare na gundumar Nye. Bayan an ayyana halitta ba bisa ka'ida ba, an soke gundumar a shekarar 1989. 

Humboldt County an sanya shi a matsayin gundumar a cikin 1856 ta Majalisar Dokokin Yankin Utah kuma a cikin 1861 ta sabuwar Majalisar Dokokin Nevada.

Clark County ita ce mafi yawan jama'a a Nevada, kusan kusan kashi uku cikin hudu na mazaunanta. Las Vegas, birni mafi yawan jama'a a Nevada, ya kasance wurin zama na gundumar tun lokacin da aka kirkiro gundumar a 1909 daga wani ɓangare na Lincoln County, Nevada. Kafin wannan, wani bangare ne na Yankin Arizona. Clark County tana jan hankalin masu yawon bude ido da yawa: Kimanin mutane miliyan 44 sun ziyarci Clark County a shekarar 2014. 

Washoe County ita ce ta biyu mafi yawan jama'a a Nevada. Cibiyar gundumar ita ce Reno . Gundumar Washoe ta haɗa da yankin Reno-Sparks.

Gundumar Lyon ita ce ta uku mafi yawan jama'a. Yana ɗaya daga cikin yankuna tara na asali da aka kirkira a 1861. An sanya masa suna ne bayan Nathaniel Lyon, Janar na farko da aka kashe a Yaƙin basasa. Cibiyar gundumar ta yanzu ita ce Yerington . An kafa kujerar gundumar ta farko a Dayton a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba, 1861. 

## Manazarta