Oceanside, California

Oceanside birni ne wanda ke a rairayin bakin **Tekun** a yankin North County na San Diego County, California, Amurka . Birnin yana da yawan mutane 174,068 a Ƙididdigar Amurka ta 2020, wanda ya sa ya zama birni mafi yawan jama'a a yankin North County na San Diego. Birnin sanannen wurin yawon bude ido ne, saboda alamun tarihi, rairayin bakin teku, da gine-gine.

Asalin Oceanside zuwa 1798, lokacin da Mutanen Espanya suka kafa ƙauyen San Luis Rey tare da kafa Ofishin Jakadancin San Luis Rey de Francia ta Fermín de Lasuén.  A cikin lokacin Mutanen Espanya, Ofishin Jakadancin San Luis Rey ya girma ya zama mafi girma a cikin duk ayyukan Californian, amma bin dokar hana zaman lafiya na Mexico na 1833 manufa da al'ummarta sun ƙi.  Bayan cin nasarar da Amurka ta yi a California, an haɓaka tsoffin ƙasashen manufa zuwa wurin shakatawa na bakin teku kuma a hankali sunan al'ummar ya canza zuwa Oceanside.

## Tarihi

Asalin mazaunin 'yan asalin Amurkawa, mutanen Luiseño ne suka fara zama a Oceanside, ko Payomkawichum. Birnin Oceanside yana zaune a kan yankin a kan Kogin San Luis Rey wanda Luiseño ya kira Tacayme, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙauyukan Qée'ish (Keish) da 'ikáymay (Ikamal), a cikin yankin San Luis Rey Mission, Wiyóoya (Wiawio) a bakin kogin, da Wi'áasamay (Wamaiias) da Waxáwmay (Wahaumai) a Guajome . 

### Zamanin Mutanen Espanya
Masu binciken Turai na farko sun isa a shekara ta 1769. Masu wa'azi na Mutanen Espanya a karkashin Uba Junípero Serra sun kafa Ofishin Jakadancin San Luis Rey de Francia a wani tsohon shafin wani kauyen Indiya na Luiseño a bakin Kogin San Luis Rey da ake kira Keish bisa ga balaguron Portolà wanda ya ziyarta a cikin 1769.

A farkon karni na 19, gabatar da noma da kiwo ya canza yanayin abin da zai zama Oceanside.

### Lokacin Mexico

Bayan dokar ba da izinin zama na Mexiko na 1833, an ƙaddamar da ayyukan California na ƙasa, suna canja ikon mallakar su daga Dokar Franciscan na Cocin Katolika zuwa Gwamnatin Mexico.  An nada ma'aikacin manufa ga kowace manufa don sa ido kan tsarin raba duniya, korar firistoci, da sayarwa ko ba da filayen mishan ga ƴan ƙasa masu zaman kansu.

A Ofishin Jakadancin San Luis Rey, Padre Antonio Peyrí ya jagoranci aikin na tsawon shekaru 34 lokacin da sojoji suka tilasta masa cire shi a ƙarshen 1833. An nada Kyaftin Pablo de la Portillà a matsayin mai gudanarwa na San Luis Rey . Bayan tashiwar Padre Peyrí, dangantakar da ke tsakanin Luiseños da sabuwar gwamnatin farar hula ta lalace sosai, wanda ya haifar da sanannen ƙin yin aiki ga Kyaftin Portillà a 1835.

### Zamanin Amurka

A ƙarshen shekarun 1850, Andrew Jackson Myers, ɗan gudun hijira daga Illinois, ya zauna a San Joaquin County, amma ya dawo a ƙarshen shekarun 1880 kuma ya zauna a San Luis Rey. A shekara ta 1882 Myers ya koma ƙasar da ta kasance asalin garin Oceanside. Gwamnatin tarayya ta bayar da takardar shaidar ƙasar a 1883.  An kafa shi a ranar 3 ga Yuli, 1888. Gidan zauren gari tun daga farkon karni na 21 yana tsaye a kan tsohon gidan Myers. 

Ofishin gidan waya na gari ya ƙunshi mural mai-a-canvas, Air Mail, wanda Elsie Seeds ya fentin a 1937. An samar da murals na tarayya daga 1934 zuwa 1943 a Amurka ta hanyar Sashen Painting da Sculpture, daga baya aka kira Sashen Fine Arts, na Ma'aikatar Baitulmalin.

Oceanside ya ci gaba da zama sananne a matsayin kasuwar gida na hutu.

A cikin shekarun 2010, an kammala ayyukan gidaje da masauki da yawa a cikin gari, tare da ƙarin da za su zo. A cikin 2021, an kammala manyan wuraren shakatawa na Hyatt guda biyu, wanda ya kawo karin masu yawon bude ido zuwa birnin.

## Yanayin ƙasa

Dangane da Ofishin Ƙididdigar Amurka, birnin yana da jimlar yanki na murabba'in kilomita 4. (109 ), wanda murabba'i kilomita 41.2 (107 km2) ƙasa ne kuma murabba'insa kilomita 0.9 (2.3 km2), wanda ya ƙunshi 2.23%, ruwa ne.

Tafiya zuwa arewa a kan Interstate 5, Oceanside shine birni na karshe kafin Orange County. Yayin da zakara ke tashi, kusan daidai yake da Aliso Viejo kamar yadda yake zuwa tsakiyar San Diego.

Tare da Carlsbad da Vista, ya zama yanki na birni uku.

Oceanside yana fuskantar yanayi mai laushi (Köppen climate classification: *BSk*) wanda iska ta teku da raƙuman ruwa masu sanyi daga bakin teku ke daidaitawa sosai. Matsakaicin yanayin zafi ya kasance daga 64 zuwa 77 ° F (18 zuwa 25 ° C), yayin da matsakaicin yanayin sanyi ya kasance daga 45 zuwa 64 ° F (7 zuwa 18 ° C).

## Yawan jama'a

### 2020

ta ba da rahoton cewa Oceanside tana da yawan mutane 174,068. Yawan jama'a ya kasance mazauna 4,217.8 a kowace murabba'in mil (1,628.5/km2). Tsarin launin fata na Oceanside ya kasance 51.5% fari, 4.1% Ba'amurke, 1.4% 'Yan asalin Amurka, 7.6% Asiya, 1.2% Pacific Islander, 18.0% daga wasu kabilu, da 16.2% daga kabilu biyu ko fiye. Hispanic ko Latino na kowane kabila sun kasance 36.4% na yawan jama'a.

Ƙididdigar ta ba da rahoton cewa 99.1% na yawan jama'a suna zaune a cikin gidaje, 0.7% suna zaune a wuraren da ba a kafa su ba, kuma 0.2% an kafa su.

Akwai gidaje 63,032, daga cikinsu kashi 29.8% sun hada da yara a karkashin shekaru 18, kashi 49.4% gidaje ne masu aure, kashi 7.0% gidaje ne da ke zaune tare, kashi 26.5% suna da mace mai gida ba tare da abokin tarayya ba, kuma kashi 17.2% suna da namiji mai gida ba. Kashi 23.2% na gidaje mutum ɗaya ne, kuma kashi 11.3% mutum ɗaya ne mai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman iyali ya kasance 2.74. Akwai iyalai 43,053 (68.3% na dukkan gidaje). 

Rarraba shekarun ya kasance 20.0% a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18, 9.3% masu shekaru 18 zuwa 24, 27.6% masu shekaru 25 zuwa 44, 25.5% masu shekaru 45 zuwa 64, da 17.6% waɗanda ke da shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 39.3. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 95.8.

Akwai gidaje 67,371 a matsakaicin matsakaicin raka'a 1,63.4 a kowace murabba'in mil (630.3 raka'a / km2), daga cikinsu 63,032 (93.6%) sun shagaltar da su. Daga cikin wadannan, kashi 58.6% sun kasance masu mallakar, kuma masu hayar ne suka mamaye kashi 41.4% .

A cikin 2023, Ofishin Ƙididdigar Amurka ya kiyasta cewa matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na gida ya kai $ 93,724, kuma Kudin shiga na kowane mutum ya kai $ 43,094. Kimanin kashi 4.5% na iyalai da kashi 8.1% na yawan jama'a sun kasance ƙasa da layin talauci.

 ta ba da rahoton cewa Oceanside tana da yawan mutane 167,086. Yawan jama'a ya kasance mazauna 3,961.8 a kowace murabba'in mil (1,529.7/km2). Tsarin launin fata na Oceanside ya kasance 109,020 (65.2%) fari, 7,873 (4.7%) Ba'amurke, 1,385 (0.8%) 'Yan asalin Amurka, 11,081 (6.6%) Asiya (3.4% Filipino, 0.7% Jafananci, 0.7% Vietnamese, 0.6% Sin, 0.4% Koriya, 0.2% Indiya), 2,144 (1.3%) Pacific Islander, 25,886 (15.5%) daga wasu kabilu, da 9,697 (5.8%) daga kabilu biyu ko fiye. Hispanic ko Latino na kowane kabila sun kasance mutane 59,947 (35.9%).

Ƙididdigar ta ba da rahoton cewa mutane 166,150 (99.4% na yawan jama'a) suna zaune a cikin gidaje, 802 (0.5%) suna zaune a wuraren da ba a kafa su ba, kuma 134 (0.1%) an kafa su.

Akwai gidaje 59,238, daga cikinsu 20,486 (34.6%) suna da yara a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18 da ke zaune a cikinsu, 30,201 (51.0%) ma'aurata ne masu kishiyar jinsi da ke zaune tare, 6,947 (11.7%) suna da mace mai gida ba tare da miji ba, 3,111 (5.3%) suna da namiji mai gida ba shi da matar. Akwai 3,504 (5.9%) ba tare da aure ba, da kuma 472 (0.8%) ma'aurata ko haɗin gwiwa. Daga cikin gidaje 14,117 (23.8%) sun kunshi mutane, kuma 6,161 (10.4%) suna da wani da ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ya kai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman iyali ya kasance 2.80. Akwai iyalai 40,259 (68.0% na dukkan gidaje); matsakaicin girman iyali ya kasance 3.32.

Yawan jama'a ya bazu, tare da mutane 39,817 (23.8%) a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18, mutane 19,028 (11.4%) masu shekaru 18 zuwa 24, mutane 45,797 (27.4%) masu shekarun 25 zuwa 44, mutane 40,943 (24.5%) masu shekaru 45 zuwa 64, da kuma mutane 21,501 (12.9%) waɗanda ke da shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 35.2. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 97.4. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 da sama da haka, akwai maza 95.0.

Akwai gidaje 64,435 a matsakaicin matsakaicin raka'a 1,5.8 a kowace murabba'in mil (589.9 raka'a / km2), daga cikinsu 34,986 (59.1%) masu mallakar ne, kuma 24,252 (40.9%) masu haya ne suka mamaye. Adadin masu gida ya kasance 2.2%; adadin haya ya kasance 6.2%. Daga cikin yawan jama'a mutane 97,645 (58.4%) suna zaune a cikin gidaje masu zaman kansu kuma mutane 68,505 (41.0%) suna zaune ne a cikin gidajen haya.

Dangane da rahoton kudi na shekara-shekara na shekara-finai na shekara-mako na shekara-hako na shekara ta 2017,  manyan ma'aikata a cikin birni sune:

## Fasaha da al'adu

* Kogin Oceanside, wanda aka fara gina shi a cikin 1888 (kuma yanzu a cikinsa na shida), yana ɗaya daga cikin dogayen katako mafi tsayi a gabar tekun Amurka ta yamma, mai tsayin ƙafa 1,942 (592 m).[1] Gidan kayan tarihi na kayan tarihi na Oceanside yana cikin sashin al'adu na cikin gari Oceanside.  Gundumar Dutsen Ecclesia mai tarihi, gida ga Rosicrucian Fellowship, an lura da ita don gine-ginen gine-gine guda ɗaya da kuma adana filayen yanayi da lambuna, suna ba da ƙwarewar tafiya ta tunani na musamman.  Oceanside yana ɗaya daga cikin gundumomin al'adu 14 da aka keɓe a California.[2]  Wannan nadi na Majalisar Fasaha ta California ya yarda da fage na fasaha na birni da himma wajen inganta al'adu.  Gundumar Al'adu ta Oceanside ta ƙunshi yanki mai tafiya a cikin tsakiyar gari, tana alfahari da tarin gidajen tarihi da gidajen wasan kwaikwayo, kamar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Tarihi.  Gidan kayan tarihi na California Surf yana cikin tsakiyar garin Oceanside.  Oceanside gida ce ga Gasar Surf ɗin Mata mafi Girma a Duniya, taron Supergirl Pro Jam, wanda ake gudanarwa kowace shekara tun 2007.  Kowace ranar alhamis da yamma, cikin garin Oceanside yana karbar bakuncin Kasuwar Faɗuwar rana, taron masu siyar da gida, abinci mai zafi da nishaɗi.  An kafa shi a shekara ta 2006, kungiyar Frontwave Credit Union O'side Turkey Trot ta karbi bakuncin 'yan gudun hijira da masu tafiya kusan 9,000 daga jihohi 46 da kasashe 8.  An zabi O'Side Turkey Trot a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasa a kasar sau da dama.  Tun daga shekara ta 2006, Oceanside ta fara karbar bakuncin fara gasar tseren keke mai nisan mil 3,000 (kilomita 4,800) na shekara-shekara, Race Across America, wanda aka saba gudanarwa a sati na biyu na watan Yuni.  Masana da yawa ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mafi tsauri a wasanni a duniya.  Oceanside ta karbi bakuncin Gasar Kwallon Kafa ta bakin teku tun 2007. Bikin shine mafi girma a gabar yamma kuma yana faruwa a karshen mako na uku a watan Mayu.  Taron yana da bangaren PRO ga taron da ake kira The Beach Soccer USA Cup kuma ana ganin zai dauki bakuncin gasar mafi tsauri irin ta a Amurka.  The Oceanside International Film Festival an kafa shi a cikin 2009 ta Cibiyar Al'adun gargajiya ta Oceanside.[5]  Shahararren gidan a cikin fim din Top Gun, wanda aka fi sani da Top Gun House, inda Kelly McGillis da Tom Cruise suka harbe wani yanayin soyayya.  A cikin 2019 an cire gidan daga asalin wurin kuma an sake dawo da shi sosai;  yanzu sanannen wurin yawon bude ido ne[6]  Oceanside gida ne ga tashar jiragen ruwa wanda ya ƙunshi gidan wuta, shaguna da gidajen abinci da yawa, Alamar Oceanside, da ɗaruruwan jiragen ruwa.  Jerin Talabijan na Masarautar Dabbobi, wanda ya dogara da fim ɗin 2010 mai suna iri ɗaya, an saita kuma ana yin fim ɗin a cikin Oceanside.  2023 jerin fina-finai na Disney mai rairayi Hailey's On It!  an saita akan Oceanside.  Frontwave Arena, wurin zama mai amfani da yawa 7,500 da aka buɗe a cikin 2024.

## Gwamnati

Birnin yana aiki ne a karkashin tsarin gwamnati mai kula da majalisa. Majalisar birni ta kunshi mambobi hudu da aka zaba daga gundumomi da kuma magajin gari daya  wanda aka zaba gaba ɗaya. Majalisar ta yanzu ta kunshi: Esther Sanchez (Major), Jimmy Figueroa (Gundumar 3), Peter Weiss (Gunduma 4), Eric Joyce (Mataimakin Magajin gari da Gundumar 1), da Rick Robinson (Gundar 2). 

Mai ba da kuɗin birni na yanzu shine Phyllis Dominguez .  Sakataren birni na yanzu shine Zeb Navarro . 

Birnin Oceanside birni ne mai cikakken sabis. Yana samar da 'yan sanda da tsaro na wuta, ruwa da sabis na shara. Birnin yana da filin jirgin sama na gari, ƙaramin tashar jiragen ruwa, ɗaya daga cikin manyan tashoshin katako a yamma, filin golf, wuraren wanka, wuraren shakatawa da yawa, cibiyoyin al'umma, da rairayin bakin teku masu yawa. Cibiyar Nazarin Jama'a ta Oceanside ita ce tsarin ɗakin karatu na jama'a, tare da babban reshe da ke cikin cibiyar jama'a.

### Wakilin jihohi da tarayya
A cikin Majalisar Dokokin Jihar California, Oceanside tana cikin gundumar sanata ta 38, wanda dan jam'iyyar   ke wakilta, kuma a cikin gundumar Majalisar ta 74, wanda dan jam-iyyar Republican  ke wakilta.

A cikin Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka, Oceanside tana cikin gundumar majalisa ta 49 ta California, wanda wakilin  .

## Ilimi

Yawancin Oceanside yana cikin Gundumar Makarantun Haɗin Kan Oceanside, yayin da wasu sassan suna cikin gundumar Makarantun Haɗin Kai ta Carlsbad, Gundumar Makarantun Bonsall Union, da gundumar Makarantar Haɗin Kai ta Vista,.[1]  Wasu mazauna da adiresoshin gidan waya na Oceanside waɗanda ke wajen iyakokin birni a cikin Fallbrook Union Elementary School District da Fallbrook Union High School District.  [ana binciken hujja] [citation need] Gundumar Makarantar Oceanside tana ba da shirye-shiryen kiɗan kayan aiki a maki 4-12.

Gundumar Makarantar Haɗin Kan Oceanside tana da manyan makarantun sakandare guda biyu, Makarantar Sakandare ta El Camino daga Rancho Del Oro da Makarantar Sakandare ta Oceanside daga Ofishin Jakadancin.  Daliban makarantar sakandare kuma ana yi musu hidima ta Makarantar Ci gaba da Makarantar Tekun Shores da Clair Burgener Academy.  OUSD tana da makarantu 24 da makarantun shata uku, gami da Makarantar Kasuwanci da Fasaha, da sabbin makarantu guda biyu, Makarantar Elementary Louise Foussat da Cesar Chavez Middle School, waɗanda aka buɗe a cikin Faɗuwar 2007. Cesar Chavez Middle School, wanda ke kan kusurwar Frazee da Oleander, za a gina shi akan murabba'in kadada 14), ginin gidaje 5.74  (7,800 m2), kuma zai yi hidima ga ɗalibai 1,000 na aji na 6-8.

Sauran , Louise Foussat Elementary School, wanda ke kan Pala Road, an gina shi a kan kadada 1.6 (5.1  na ƙasa tare da ɗakunan aji 35 da suka kai murabba'in ƙafa 54,490 (5,062 m2) kuma yana iya saukar da ɗalibai 800.

Makarantar takardar shaidar jama'a mai zaman kanta, Scholarship Prep, sabuwar makarantar sakandare ce ta TK-8 wacce aka ba da izinin buɗewa a watan Agustan 2017 kuma tana zaune a tarihin San Luis Rey Mission. Yana ba da cikakken ƙwarewar ilimi ga ɗaliban Oceanside.

## Sufuri

Cibiyar Transit ta Oceanside babbar musayar jirgin ƙasa ce don sabis na jirgin ƙasa mai nisa da na tafiye-tafiye. Amtrak's Pacific Surfliner yana ba da sabis ga San Luis Obispo ta hanyar Los Angeles da San Diego. Sabis ɗin jirgin ƙasa na Metrolink ya haɗa Oceanside zuwa sassa da yawa na Greater Los Angeles, yayin da jirgin ƙasa na Coaster ke aiki a arewa da tsakiyar San Diego County. Sabis ɗin jirgin ƙasa na Sprinter ya haɗa Oceanside zuwa Escondido.

Filin jirgin saman Oceanside Municipal (OCN) galibi ana amfani dashi azaman filin jirgin sama. Filin jirgin saman kasa da kasa mafi kusa shine Filin jirgin sama na San Diego, wanda aka haɗa da Oceanside ta hanyar Amtrak da sabis na jirgin kasa na Coaster.