Janet Vaughan

**Dame Janet Maria Vaughan, Mrs Gourlay** DBE FRS (18 ga Oktoba 1899 - 9 ga Janairu 1993), masanin ilimin lissafi ne na Burtaniya, masanin kimiyya, kuma mai gudanar da ilimi. Ta yi bincike kan haematology da radiation pathology. Daga 1945 zuwa 1967, ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Kwalejin Somerville, Oxford .

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haife ta ne a Clifton, Bristol, ita ce babba cikin 'ya'ya hudu na William Wyamar Vaughan (ɗan uwan Virginia Woolf kuma daga baya shugaban Rugby) da Margaret "Madge" Symonds, 'yar John Addington Symonds .  A lokacin da aka haife ta ya kasance mataimakin malamin a Kwalejin Clifton . Ta yi karatu a gida, kuma daga baya a North Foreland Lodge da Kwalejin Somerville, Oxford,  inda ta yi karatun likita a karkashin Charles Sherrington da JBS Haldane . Ta yi horo na asibiti a Asibitin Kwalejin Jami'ar, London,  inda ta yi aiki a cikin unguwanni na London kuma ta ga tasirin talauci a kan lafiya.

Daga baya ta sami tallafin karatu daga Gidauniyar Rockefeller don karatu a Jami'ar Harvard . 

## Ayyuka
A matsayinta na likita, Vaughan tana da wahalar samun damar zuwa ga marasa lafiya kuma ta yi gwaji a kan kurciya. Woolf ya bayyana ta a matsayin "mace kyakkyawa; mai ƙwarewa, marar son kai, tana yin gwajin jini duk rana don warware matsalolin da ba a fahimta ba".  

A matsayinta na matashiyar likitanci a Royal Postgraduate Medical School a Asibitin Hammersmith a 1938 ta fara kirkirar bankunan jini na kasa a London, ta kafa daya tare da Federico Duran-Jorda . An sanya sunan kwalban madara da aka gyara don tattara jini da adanawa "MRC bottle" ko "Janet Vaughan".  

A shekara ta 1945, Majalisar Binciken Kiwon Lafiya ta tura ta Belgium don yin bincike kan yunwa, sannan zuwa Jamus; a ƙarshen yaƙin tana aiki a sansanin Bergen-Belsen kuma ta inganta dabarun ciyar da mutanen da ke fama da matsanancin yunwa.

Binciken Vaughan ya haɗa da cututtukan jini, ƙarin jini, maganin yunwa, da tasirin rediyo a kan ƙashi da ƙashin ƙashi. Littafinta na 1934, The *Anaemias*, yana daya daga cikin magunguna na farko na cututtukan jini. Bayan yakin, ta zama sananniya saboda aikinta a kan tasirin plutonium.

Daga 1945 har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a 1967, yayin da take aiki a matsayin mai bincike a Asibitin Churchill, ta kasance Shugabar Kwalejin Somerville . [1] Ta kasance Shugabar yayin da Shirley Catlin (daga baya Shirley Williams, Baroness Williams na Crosby) da Margaret Roberts (wanda daga baya zai zama Firayim Minista na Burtaniya Margaret Thatcher) suka yi karatu a can. Ta kuma yi aiki a Royal Commission on Equal Pay, a matsayin mai kula da Nuffield Foundation, kuma na shekara guda a matsayin shugaban Hukumar Asibitin Yankin Oxford.[2]

## Daraja
An nada Vaughan a matsayin Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) a cikin girmamawar Sabuwar Shekara ta 1957.  Jami'ar Oxford ta ba ta lambar yabo ta DCL a shekarar 1967. An zabe ta Fellow na Royal Society (FRS) a shekarar 1979. 

## Littattafai

* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] Rashin lafiya. London: Oxford University Press, 1934.
* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] "Leuco-erythoblastic Anemias", Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology **17** (1936):541-64.
* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] "Yanayi a sansanin fursuna na Belsen", *Jaridar Kiwon Lafiya ta Burtaniya*, Physiology da maganin yunwa. (1945):819
* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] *Ilimin Jiki na Ƙashi*. [Hasiya]
* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] *Tasirin Rashin Rashin Ruwa na Skeleton* . [Hasiya]

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Ta auri David Gourlay, na Wayfarers' Travel Agency, a cikin 1930. Suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu:  Mary (1932) da Frances (1935). 

## Manazarta