Lucy Hicks Anderson

**Lucy Hicks Anderson** ( née Lawson ; 1886–1954) ta kasance 'yar Amurka mai son zamantakewa, shugaba, mai masaukin baki, kuma mai taimakon jama'a, wacce aka fi sani da lokacinta a Oxnard, California, daga 1920 zuwa 1946.  

An ba ta namiji tun tana ƙarama, ta dage tun tana ƙarama cewa yarinya ce. Iyayenta, bisa ga shawarar likitoci, sun goyi bayan shawararta ta zama ɗaya. Daga baya ta kafa gidan kwana a Oxnard, inda ta zama mai masaukin baki mai farin jini. A shekarar 1945, shekara guda bayan ta auri mijinta na biyu, an kama ta, aka gurfanar da ita a gaban kuliya aka yanke mata hukuncin karya, domin gwamnati ta ce ta yi ƙarya game da jima'inta a kan lasisin aurenta.  Bayan an sake ta daga kurkuku, ita da mijinta suka ƙaura zuwa Los Angeles.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Lucy Lawson a Waddy, Kentucky, a ranar 9 ga Janairu, 1886, a matsayin ɗiya ga née na William da Nancy Lawson. Lawson .   Tun tana ƙarama, Anderson ta gano cewa mace ce a wani lokaci kafin a sami kalmar transgender,  kuma ta sanya wa kanta suna Lucy.  Likitoci sun gaya wa iyayen Anderson su bar ta ta rayu a matsayin budurwa, haka suka yi, kuma ta fara sanya riguna zuwa makaranta kuma an san ta da Lucy.  

## Aure da Lokacin a Oxnard
A lokacin da take da shekaru 15, Anderson ta bar makaranta ta yi aikin gida a matsayin hanyar da za ta iya biyan bukatunta.   Tana da shekaru 20, ta nufi yamma zuwa Pecos, Texas, inda ta yi aiki a wani otal, sannan ta tafi New Mexico, inda ta auri mijinta na farko Clarence Hicks a Silver City, New Mexico, a shekarar 1920.    Daga baya ta koma Oxnard, California, tana da shekaru 34.  Kwararren mai dafa abinci ne, ta lashe wasu gasannin yin burodi.  Aurenta da Clarence ya ɗauki shekaru tara, amma a lokacin ƙungiyar ma'auratan, ta tara isassun kuɗi don siyan kadarori wanda gidan haya ne na gidan karuwai ; kuma tana sayar da giya ba bisa ƙa'ida ba a lokacin haramcin .  

Banda lokacin da take a matsayin uwargida, ta kasance sanannen mai son zamantakewa kuma mai masaukin baki a Oxnard, kuma daga baya ta yi amfani da alaƙarta don guje wa mummunan lokacin ɗaurin kurkuku. Masanin ilimi C. Riley Snorton ya ce "Lokacin da sheriff ya kama ta a wata dare, sunanta mai ƙarfi ya yi kyau - Charles Donlon, babban ma'aikacin banki na garin, ya yi mata afuwa nan take  ya shirya babban liyafar cin abinci wanda da ya lalace tare da Lucy a gidan yari."

A shekarar 1944, Hicks ya auri Reuben Anderson, wani soja da ke zaune a Long Island, New York .  

## Gwaje-gwaje
A shekarar 1945, wani ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa ya yi ikirarin cewa ya kamu da cutar jima'i daga wata mata a gidan karuwai na Anderson, don haka dukkan matan, ciki har da Anderson, an bukaci su yi gwajin lafiya.  Lokacin da lauyan gundumar Ventura County ya ji daga wannan gwajin cewa Anderson ya canza jinsi, ya yi mata shari'a don yin rantsuwar karya saboda ta yi karya game da jima'i da aka ba ta a lasisin aurenta kuma ta yi kwaikwayon mace.  

Bayan an buga shi a cikin wata ƙaramar jarida a Tekun Pacific, labarin ya yaɗu sosai ta hanyar wani labarin ''Time'' (mujalla) a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba, 1945, inda aka fallasa Anderson a matsayin mace mai canza jinsi.  A cikin wata wasiƙa daga baya daga mawallafin a ranar 14 ga Janairu, 1946, an bayyana cewa masu biyan kuɗi *na Time* sun zaɓi Anderson don "Mutumin Shekara" na Time a matsayin hanyar sukar asalinta mai canza jinsi. 

A lokacin shari'ar shaidar ƙaryarta, ta ce "Ina ƙalubalantar kowace likita a duniya don tabbatar da cewa ni ba mace ba ce," kuma "Na rayu, na yi ado, na yi abin da nake yi, mace."  Duk da haka, kotu ta same ta da laifin rantsuwar ƙarya a kan lasisin aurenta kuma ta yanke mata hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 10 na ɗaurin rai da rai.  A lokacin, aure a Amurka ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin abin da ya dace ne kawai idan tsakanin namiji da mace, kuma kamar yadda aka ɗauki Anderson a matsayin namiji, auren ba shi da inganci.  Sakamakon haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta tuhume ta da zamba don karɓar rabon kuɗi na matan sojoji da aka samu a ƙarƙashin Dokar GI,  da farko kuma da rashin yin rijista don neman takardar neman aiki, har sai da ta tabbatar da cewa ta tsufa da ba za ta iya yin rijista ba.  A cikin wannan shari'ar, an same ta da Reuben da laifi kuma aka yanke mata hukuncin ɗaurin maza, inda kotu ta hana Anderson sanya tufafin mata.  

Bayan an sake ta daga kurkuku, shugaban 'yan sanda ya hana Anderson komawa Oxnard, wanda ya yi barazanar ci gaba da gurfanar da shi a gaban kotu.  Ita da Reuben sun ƙaura zuwa Los Angeles, inda suka zauna cikin kwanciyar hankali har zuwa mutuwarta a shekarar 1954,    tana da shekaru 68. 

Littafin *Jagora na Dattawan LGBT* ya kira Anderson "ɗaya daga cikin shari'o'in farko da aka rubuta na mutumin da ya canza jinsin baƙar fata". 

Wani shiri na shirin HBO TV *Equal* ya dogara ne akan rayuwar Anderson. 

## Duba kuma

* Al'ummar LGBT ta Bakar fata-Amurka
* Haƙƙoƙin masu canza jinsi a Amurka
* Tarihin mutanen da suka canza jinsi a Amurka

## Ƙarin karatu

* C. Riley Snorton, *Baƙar fata a ɓangarorin biyu: Tarihin Kabilanci na Asalin Canji* (2017), babi kan Anderson

## Manazarta