Julian Robertson

**Julian Hart Robertson Jr.** KNZM (25 ga Yuni, 1932 - 23 ga Agusta, 2022) wani manajan asusun hedge na Amurka ne, kuma mai ba da agaji.

Robertson ya kafa Tiger Management, ɗaya daga cikin asusun farko na hedge a shekarar 1980. Tun daga farkonsa a shekarar 1980 zuwa kololuwar kadarorinsa ta 1998, asusunsa ya dawo da kashi 31.7% a kowace shekara bayan biyan kuɗi, idan aka kwatanta da ribar shekara-shekara ta kashi 12.7% daga S&amp;amp;P 500 a cikin wannan lokacin. Duk da haka, raguwar da aka samu daga baya ta haifar da rufe asusun a watan Maris na 2000. Tiger ya nuna asara a cikin shekaru huɗu kacal cikin shekaru 21 da ya yi.  Daga baya Robertson ya ba da jagoranci da kuma samar da tallafin iri ga manyan manajojin asusun hedge, waɗanda aka sani da *Tiger cubs*, ciki har da Ole Andreas Halvorsen, Stephen Mandel na Lone Pine Capital, Lee Ainslie na Maverick Capital, Bill Hwang, da Chase Coleman III . 

A lokacin rayuwarsa, Robertson ya bayar da gudummawar fiye da dalar Amurka 2&nbsp;biliyan ga agaji. Shi ma ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar bayar da gudummawa .  A lokacin mutuwarsa, an kiyasta cewa dukiyarsa ta kai dala $4.8&nbsp;biliyan. 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Robertson a ranar 25 ga Yuni, 1932, a Salisbury, North Carolina, a matsayin ɗan Julian Hart Robertson Sr., wani babban jami'in kamfanin yadi, da kuma Blanche Spencer, wani mai fafutuka a yankin. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa mahaifinsa zuriyar Pocahontas ne.  Robertson ya fara sha'awar hannun jari yana ɗan shekara 6. 

Ya kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Episcopal a shekarar 1951 da kuma Jami'ar North Carolina da ke Chapel Hill a shekarar 1955. A lokacin da yake Chapel Hill, an shigar da shi cikin ƙungiyar Zeta Psi kuma memba ne na Ƙungiyar Horar da Jami'an Reserve . Daga nan ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'i a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka, yana yawo a duniya a cikin jirgin ruwan harsasai har zuwa 1957. 

Bayan ya bar rundunar sojin ruwa, Robertson ya koma birnin New York kuma ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin dillalin hannun jari na Kidder, Peabody &amp;amp; Company . A Kidder, daga ƙarshe ya jagoranci sashen kula da kadarorin kamfanin, Webster Securities. A shekarar 1978, ya ɗauki hutun hutu ya ƙaura tare da iyalinsa zuwa New Zealand na tsawon shekara guda don rubuta wani labari. 

## Investment career

Bayan dawowarsa Amurka a shekarar 1980, ya samu dala $8&nbsp;miliyoyin kuɗi daga iyali, abokai, da dukiyarsa, ya kafa Tiger Management.  Asusun Tiger ya kai kololuwar dala $22&nbsp;kadarorin biliyan biliyan a shekarar 1998. Asusun Tiger na Robertson ya yi hasashen kumfa mai kama da dot-com daidai, wanda hakan ya rage darajar fannin fasaha da gangan.  Babban hannun jarin Tiger shine US Airways ; yana da iko da kashi 25% na kamfanin. Matsalolinsa sun haifar da asara mai yawa ga asusun. Tiger ya kuma sami asara mai yawa a cikin Yen na Japan .   Irin waɗannan kurakuran sun sa ya rufe kamfaninsa na saka hannun jari a ƙarshen Maris 2000, a lokacin da aka fara samun kumfa mai kama da dot-com, kuma ya mayar da duk jarin waje ga masu zuba jari.    An kuma ambaci ma'aikatan da ke neman saka hannun jari a kumfa mai kama da dot-com a matsayin dalilin rufewa. 

Robertson ya ce a shekarar 2008 ya rage darajar takardun hannun jari na subprime kuma ya yi amfani da canjin bashi don samun riba kashi 76.7% akan jarin da ya zuba a shekarar 2007. Tun daga rufe asusunsa a shekarar 2000 har zuwa Janairun 2008, ribar da ya samu akan dukiyarsa ta kai kashi 403%  Bayan rufe asusunsa a shekarar 2000, Robertson ya tallafa kuma ya ba da kuɗi ga manajojin asusun hedge masu zuwa don samun hannun jari a kamfanonin sarrafa asusunsu.  

Robertson mai saka hannun jari ne kuma mai haɓaka gidaje a New Zealand kuma yana da gidaje uku: Kauri Cliffs Lodge kusa da Matauri Bay a Northland ; Matakauri Lodge Queenstown ; da The Farm at Cape Kidnappers, Hawkes Bay, da kuma wasu wuraren yin giya da dama. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri

### Iyali
Julian ta auri Josephine Tucker Robertson a shekarar 1972. Ta mutu a watan Yunin 2010 sakamakon cutar kansar mama . Suna da 'ya'ya uku.    

### Siyasa
Duk da cewa Robertson ɗan jam'iyyar Republican ne, ya roƙi jam'iyyar da ta goyi bayan manufofin makamashi mai tsabta kuma ya ba da gudummawar dala 500,000 ga Gidauniyar ClearPath a 2016.  Robertson ya goyi bayan yakin neman zaben Mitt Romney na 2012, kuma Romney ya halarci bikin cika shekaru 80 na Robertson a 2012.  A watan Janairun 2012, Robertson ya ba da gudummawar dala 1.25&nbsp;miliyan don Maido da Makomarmu, wani babban kamfani mai suna Super PAC wanda ke goyon bayan yakin neman zaben shugaban kasa na Mitt Romney a shekarar 2012.   A shekarar 2015, Robertson ya bayar da dala 1&nbsp;miliyan ga wani babban jami'in gudanarwa na Super PAC wanda ke goyon bayan yakin neman zaben Jeb Bush na 2016.  Duk da cewa Robertson bai goyi bayan Donald Trump a zaben 2016 ba, maimakon haka ya goyi bayan Gary Johnson, mai sassaucin ra'ayi,  Robertson ya kasance mai goyon bayan shugabancin Donald Trump da Dokar Rage Haraji da Ayyuka ta 2017.  Ya ba da gudummawar dala 100,000 ga yakin neman zaben Donald Trump na 2020.  Robertson ya goyi bayan harajin gidaje . 

### Gidajen zama
Robertson ya mallaki gidaje a Central Park South a Manhattan, a Long Island a gundumar Nassau, da kuma a Sun Valley, da Hamptons, da kuma a New Zealand. A shekarar 2020, Robertson ya kammala gina sabbin gidaje uku, kowanne mai fadin murabba'in ƙafa 4,000, ga iyalansa a New Zealand.

Robertson ya ci gaba da bin diddigin inda ya yi amfani da lokacinsa kuma ya yi nasara a shari'ar bayan ya tabbatar da cewa bai yi isasshen lokaci a New York don ɗaukar alhakin harajin shiga a jihar ba.

### Mutuwa
Robertson ya mutu a gidansa da ke Manhattan a ranar 23 ga Agusta, 2022, yana da shekaru 90.  

## Gado da kyaututtuka
A shekarar 2008, an shigar da shi cikin Babban Manajan Asusun Hedge na Institutional Investors Alpha.  An nada Robertson a matsayin Abokin Daraja na Ƙungiyar Kyau ta New Zealand, saboda ayyukan kasuwanci da taimakon jama'a, a cikin Babban Daraja na Sabuwar Shekara ta 2010,  kuma a shekarar 2017, yana ɗaya daga cikin mutane tara da aka ba wa lambar yabo ta Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy . 

## Matsalolin shari'a
A ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 1996, *BusinessWeek* ta ɗauki wani labari na bango da ɗan jarida Gary Weiss ya rubuta, mai suna "Fall of the Wizard", wanda ya soki aikin Robertson da halayensa a matsayin wanda ya kafa kuma manajan Tiger Management. Daga baya Robertson ya kai Weiss da *BusinessWeek* ƙara kan $1&nbsp;biliyan saboda ɓata suna . An warware ƙarar ba tare da an canza kuɗi ba, kuma *BusinessWeek* ya tsaya kan ainihin rahoton da ya bayar.      

## Duba kuma

* Jerin tsofaffin ɗaliban Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill
* Jerin 'Yan Damisar Tiger

## Manazarta