Dora Kallmus

**Dora Philippine Kallmus** (20 Maris 1881 - 28 Oktoba 1963), wanda kuma aka sani da **Madame D'Ora** ko **Madame d'Ora**, yar Australiya ce mai ɗaukar hoto da hoto . 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Dora Philippine Kallmus a Vienna, Austria, a cikin 1881 zuwa dangin Bayahude. Mahaifin ta lauya ne.  An haifi 'yar'uwarta, Anna a shekara ta 1878 kuma an fitar da ita a 1941 a lokacin Holocaust . Ko da yake mahaifiyarta, Malvine (née Sonnenberg), ta mutu tun tana ƙarama, dangin ta sun kasan ce muhimmiyar tushen tallafi na tunani da kuɗi a duk lokacin aikinta. 

Ita da 'yar'uwar ta, Anna, dukan su sun kasan ce "masu ilimi," suna jin Turanci da Faransanci, kuma suna buga piano. Sun kuma zagaya ko'ina a Turai. 

Ta zama mai sha'awar filin daukar hoto yayin da take taimaka wa dan mai zane Hans Makart, kuma a cikin 1905 ita ce mace ta farko da aka shigar da ita a cikin kwasa-kwasan ka'idar a Graphische Lehr-und Versuchsanstalt ( *Cibiyar Horar da Graphic* ).  A wannan shekarar ta zama memba na Association of Austrian masu daukar hoto.  A wancan lokacin kuma ita ce mace ta farko da aka ba ta damar yin nazarin ka'idar a Graphischen Lehr-und Versuchsanstalt, wanda a cikin 1908 ta ba wa mata damar samun wasu kwasa-kwasan daukar hoto.

## Sana'a
A cikin 1907, ta kafa nata ɗakin studio tare da Arthur Benda a Vienna mai suna Atelier d'Ora ko Madame D'Ora-Benda. Sunan ta dogara ne akan ƙaƙƙar fan sunan "Madame d'Ora", wanda ta yi amfani da shi da fasaha. D'ora da Benda sun gudanar da ɗakin studio na bazara daga 1921 zuwa 1926 a Karlsbad, Jamus, kuma sun buɗe wani gallery a Paris a 1925.  Gidan wasan kwaikwa yo na Karlsbad ya ba D'Ora damar kula da "masu hutu na kasa da kasa." Waɗan nan abokan cinikin daga baya sun shawo kanta ta buɗe ɗakinta na Paris. 

Tsaka nin 1917 da 1927, ɗakin studio na D'Ora "ta samar da" hotuna don Ludwig Zwieback & Bruder, wani kantin sayar da kaya na Viennese. 

Kamfanin Ɗaukar Hoto na Schostal (Agentur Schostal)  ne ya wakil ce ta kuma shis shigin nata ne ya ceci mai hukumar bayan da 'yan Nazi suka kama shi, wanda ya ba shi damar tserewa zuwa Paris daga Vienna. 

Abubu wan da ta shafi sun hada da Josephine Baker, Coco Chanel, Tamara de Lempicka, Alban Berg, Maurice Chevalier, Colette, da sauran masu rawa, 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, masu zane-zane, da marubuta.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
A 1919, D'Ora ta tuba daga Yahudanci zuwa Roman Katolika . Ta mutu a ranar 28 ga Oktoba 1963.  Shekaru hudu da suka wuce, ta sami raunuka bayan da babur ya buge ta a birnin Paris, wanda ya sa ta koma Vienna .  D’ora ta yi shekarun ta na ƙarshe kuma ta wuce a gidan da aka sayar da shi a ƙarƙa shin mulkin Nazi kafin a mayar da shi ga dangin ta. 

## Nunawa

* 2012/13: *<nowiki/>'Yan Matan Harbin Vienna - Jüdische Fotografinnen aus Wien*, Gidan Tarihi na Yahudawa Vienna, Austria 
* 2018: *Madame d'Ora.* *Machen Sie mich schön!* , Leopold Museum, Vienna, Austria 
* 2019/20: *Der große Bruch: d'Oras Spätwerk*, GrazMuseum, Graz, Austria 

## Nassoshi


## Sources

* *Tarihin Hotunan Turai 1900-1938*, FOTOFO. , 2011. ISBN&nbsp;

## Kara karantawa

* Faber, Monica. (1987) *Madame d'Ora: Vienna da Paris, 1907-1957, Hotunan Dora Kallmus* . Kwalejin Vassar. ISBN&nbsp; .

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* 
* Photographer - D'Ora, Luminous-Lint