Eugenia Charles

**Dame Mary Eugenia Charles** (15 ga Mayu 1919 - 6 ga Satumba 2005) 'yar siyasar Dominica ce wacce ta kasance Firayim Minista ta Dominica daga 21 ga Yulin 1980 har zuwa 14 ga Yuni 1995. Lauyan mace na farko a Dominica, ita ce ta farko a Dominique, kuma har zuwa yau, Firayim Minista mace. Ita ce Firayim Minista ta biyu a cikin Caribbean bayan Lucina da Costa na Netherlands Antilles . Ita ce mace ta farko a Amurka da aka zaba a matsayinta na shugaban gwamnati. Ta yi aiki na biyu mafi tsawo na kowane Firayim Minista na Dominica, kuma ita ce Firayim Ministan Mata na biyar mafi tsawo a duniya ko shugaban gwamnati, bayan Sheikh Hasina na Bangladesh, Sirimavo Bandaranaike na Sri Lanka, Angela Merkel na Jamus da Indira Gandhi na Indiya.  

An kuma bayyana ta a matsayin "Iron Lady of the Caribbean".  

## Rayuwa ta mutum
An haifi Eugenia Charles a ranar 15 ga Mayu 1919, a ƙauyen kamun kifi na Pointe Michel a Saint Luke Parish, Dominica . Ita ce 'yar John Baptiste "J. B. " Charles da Josephine Charles (née Delauney),  ƙarama cikin yara huɗu.  An dauki iyalinta a matsayin wani ɓangare na "launi bourgeoisie", zuriyar 'yanci masu launin fata. Mahaifinta masanin gini ne wanda ya zama mai mallakar ƙasa mai arziki kuma yana da sha'awar kasuwanci a fitarwa da shigo da kayayyaki.

Ta wuce mashaya kuma ta koma Dominica, inda ta zama lauya mace ta farko a tsibirin. Ta kafa aikin kwararre a cikin dokar dukiya. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Dominica Bar Association a cikin shekarun 1970s. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin darakta na Bankin hadin gwiwar Dominican, wanda mahaifinta ya kafa, kuma ya kafa tsarin rancen dalibai na farko a kasar.

Charles bai taba yin aure ba kuma ba shi da yara. A shekara ta 1991, an sanya ta Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE). 

## Ayyukan siyasa

Charles ya fara kamfen a siyasa a cikin shekarun 1960 game da ƙuntatawa kan 'yancin' yan jarida. Ta rubuta ginshiƙan jarida da ba a san su ba ga The Herald da The Star suna sukar gwamnatin Dominica Labour Party . [1] A shekara ta 1967, ta shiga cikin Freedom Fighters, ƙungiyar bayar da shawarwari wacce ke adawa da Dokar Littattafai Masu Rikici da Ba a so. [1] [2] A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1968, kungiyar ta haɗu da Ƙungiyar Democrat ta Dominica don zama Jam'iyyar Dominica Freedom Party (DFP). Jam'iyyar ta gudanar da taron farko a watan Yunin 1969 kuma an nada Charles a matsayin jagoranta, matsayin da za ta rike har zuwa 1995. [2][3]

Charles ya tsaya takarar kujerar Roseau ta Arewa a Babban zaben 1970 amma ya sha kashi a hannun Patrick John . An zabe ta a Majalisar Dokoki a Babban zaben 1975, tana wakiltar mazabar Roseau Central kuma ta zama Shugaban Jam'iyyar adawa. Charles ya kasance wakili a taron kundin tsarin mulki na 1977 a Gidan Marlborough a London kuma ya goyi bayan Dominica samun cikakken 'yancin kai daga mulkin Burtaniya a shekarar 1978. A shekara ta 1979, ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Ceto na Kasa, wanda ya kirkiro gwamnatin wucin gadi bayan murabus din Patrick John.

### Firayim Minista

Charles ya zama Firayim Minista lokacin da DFP ta mamaye Babban zaben 1980, nasarar zaben farko na jam'iyyar. [1] Ta maye gurbin Oliver Seraphin, wanda ya hau mulki ne kawai a shekarar da ta gabata, lokacin da zanga-zangar jama'a ta tilasta Firayim Minista na farko na kasar, Patrick John, ya sauka daga mukamin. Lokacin ta na farko ya mayar da hankali kan sake gina ababen more rayuwa da kuma kula da bala'i kamar yadda Guguwar David ta buge Dominica a ranar 29 ga watan Agusta 1979.[2] Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Waje na Dominica daga 1980 zuwa 1990, Ministan Kudi daga 1980 zuwa 1995, kuma a matsayin shugabar Ƙungiyar Kasashen Gabashin Caribbean (OECS). [undefined][3][4]

A shekara ta 1981, ta fuskanci yunkurin juyin mulki sau biyu. A wannan shekarar Frederick Newton, kwamandan Sojojin Dominica, ya shirya hari kan hedikwatar 'yan sanda a Roseau, wanda ya haifar da mutuwar wani jami'in' yan sanda. An sami Newton da wasu sojoji biyar da laifi a harin kuma an yanke musu hukuncin kisa a shekarar 1983. Daga baya aka sauya hukuncin da aka yanke wa magoya bayan guda biyar zuwa rai da rai a kurkuku, amma an kashe Newton a shekarar 1986. 

A cikin 1981, wani rukuni na 'yan fashi na Kanada da Amurka, galibi suna da alaƙa da fararen fata da kungiyoyin Ku Klux Klan, sun shirya juyin mulki don dawo da tsohon Firayim Minista Patrick John zuwa mulki. Yunkurin, wanda masu makirci suka kira Operation Red Dog, jami'an tarayya na Amurka a New Orleans, Louisiana sun hana shi. Ba da daɗewa ba aka yi masa lakabi da "Bayou of Pigs", yana nufin mamayewar Bay of Pigs da ta gaza shekaru da suka gabata a Cuba.S

## Manazarta