'Yancin Dan Adam a Cyprus

Tsarin mulki na Jamhuriyar Cyprus yana kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a Cyprus.

A lokuta da dama , Kotun Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Turai ta samu Turkiyya da alhakin ci gaba da keta yarjejeniyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Turai a Jamhuriyar Cyprus sakamakon mamayar da Turkiyya ta yi a shekarar 1974 da kuma ci gaba da mamaye kashi 37% na yankinta. Dangane da batun kare hakkin bil'adama a yankunan da ke karkashin ingantacciyar ikon Jamhuriyar Cyprus, bisa ga rahoton kare hakkin bil'adama na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta 2010, an samu rahotannin cin zarafi da wulakanci da 'yan sanda ke yi wa mutanen da ake tsare da su da masu neman mafaka, da kuma nuna wariya da cin zarafi ga 'yan tsiraru da kabilu da na kasa. An ba da rahoton cewa fataucin mata zuwa tsibirin, musamman don yin lalata da su ya kasance matsala. An kuma bayar da rahotanni da dama na cin zarafin mata da yara.[1]

## 'Yanci na Dimokuradiyya

Freedom House ta rarraba matakin da aka fahimta na 'yancin dimokuradiyya da siyasa a Cyprus a matsayin "yanci" a cikin 2011 a cikin rahoton Freedom in the World. Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta ruwaito a shekarar 2010 cewa zaben da aka yi kwanan nan ya kasance kyauta da adalci.

Ibrahim Aziz, wanda aka hana shi yin zabe a zaben, ya nemi Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai. A shekara ta 2004, a cikin shari'ar Aziz v. Cyprus, Kotun Turai ta yanke hukuncin cewa an hana shi damar yin zabe. Bayan wannan shari'ar, an ba da damar jefa kuri'a ga 'yan Cyprus na Turkiyya da ke zaune a Jamhuriyar Cyprus. Koyaya, 'yan Cyprus na Turkiyya har yanzu ba za su iya tsayawa takara a zaben shugaban kasa ba kuma' yan Cyprus na Turkiyan da ke zaune a Arewacin Cyprus ba za su kasa yin zabe a zaben ba, duk da cewa su 'yan Jamhuriyar Cyprus ne.

## 'Yancin' yan tsiraru
Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta ruwaito a cikin 2010 cewa akwai lokuta na nuna bambanci da tashin hankali ga 'yan tsiraru da' yan kasa. Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Ƙasa ta Duniya ta ruwaito a cikin 2011 cewa' yan tsiraru a Cyprus sun fuskanci nuna bambanci mai tsanani kuma an cire su daga aikin' yan sanda. Rahoton Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka a shekara ta 2005 ya bayyana cewa nuna bambanci ga 'yan Cyprus da Romawa matsaloli ne. An yi wasu mummunar zalunci ga 'yan Cyprus na Turkiyya da ke ziyartar yankin da Jamhuriyar Cyprus ke sarrafawa.

Rahoton Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka game da haƙƙin ɗan adam a Cyprus a 2002 ya ce:"Wasu daga cikin kimanin 300 Turkish Cypriots da ke zaune a yankin da gwamnati ke sarrafawa sun fuskanci matsaloli wajen samun katunan shaida da sauran takardun gwamnati, musamman idan an haife su bayan 1974. 'Yan Cyprus na Turkiyya sun bayyana suna ƙarƙashin sa ido daga' yan sanda na Greek Cypriot. "Koyaya, a cewar Ministan Cikin Gida Neoclis Sylikiotis a cikin wata hira da jaridar Turkiyya-Cypriot Kıbrıs a cikin 2011, 93,308 Turkish Cypriots sun riga sun sami katunan ID, 58,069 Turkish Cypuriots suna riƙe da fasfo na Cypriot wanda 7,376 na biometric.

## Shari'a mai kyau
Kodayake kurkuku gabaɗaya suna cika ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa, akwai rahotanni da ke nuna cewa kurkuku sun cika. Akwai rahotanni cewa 'yan sanda sun yi wa fursunoni cin zarafi kuma sun nuna musu wariya. Wasu kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu sun ba da rahoton cewa fursunonin kasashen waje sun koka cewa an fuskanci tashin hankali na jiki.

A shekara ta 2008, Kotun Koli ta Jamhuriyar Cyprus ta yanke shawarar cewa 'yan sanda sun hana Andreas Constantinou samun taimakon shari'a. Har ila yau, a cikin 2008, Kotun Turai ta ce "wani tambaya ta taso game da daidaito na irin wannan dokar tare da bukatun Mataki na 6 na Yarjejeniyar [...] babu wani dalili da ya sa bai kamata a samar da shi a fannoni ba banda dokar aikata laifuka" 

A cikin shari'ar Panovits v. Cyprus a cikin 2009, Kotun Turai ta yanke hukuncin cewa:"A cikin waɗannan yanayi, Kotun ta kammala cewa yadda Kotun Assize ta gudanar da rikici tare da lauyan mai nema ya sa shari'ar ba ta da adalci. Ya biyo baya cewa an keta Mataki na 6 sakin layi na 1 a wannan bangaren. "

## Hakkin mallakar
A shekara ta 2005, an gabatar da shari'o'i 25 daga 'yan Cyprus na Turkiyya a kotunan Jamhuriyar Cyprus, suna mai bayyana cewa ba su da damar samun kadarorinsu a yankunan da Jamhuriwar Cyprus ke sarrafawa.

## 'Yanci na addini

Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta ba da rahoton a cikin 2010 cewa 'yancin addini gabaɗaya gwamnati ce ke girmamawa. Gwamnati tana kiyaye masallatai. Kodayake akwai masallatai 17 a yankin Jamhuriyar Cyprus, biyar ne kawai daga cikinsu ke amfani da jama'a.

A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2005 Ofishin Mai ba da rahoto game da korafi daga Shaidu na Jehovah wanda aka yi wa ɗansu gafara daga koyarwar addini amma daga baya 'yan uwansa ɗalibai suka matsa masa kuma wani malamin addini ya matsa masa. Rahoton ya kammala cewa korafin daliban ya kasance mai inganci kuma maganganun malami yayin darasi game da ƙungiyoyin addini sun keta 'yancin addini na daliban. Har ila yau, a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2005 rahotanni na manema labarai sun ce 'yan sanda da karamar hukuma sun tsananta wa haikalin Buddha a Strovolos.

Nicos Trimikliniotis da Corina Demetriou sun lura cewa:"'Religious' nuna bambanci bai ƙare a can ba, duk da haka, kamar yadda yadda yadda ake bi da Shaidun Jehobah masu adawa da lamiri da suka ƙi yin aiki a cikin soja ya kwatanta" 

## Hakkin ilimi
A halin yanzu babu wata makaranta ga 'yan Cyprus na Turkiyya da ke zaune a yankunan da ke karkashin ikon Jamhuriyar Cyprus. Maronites suna da makarantar firamare, amma babu makarantar sakandare, kuma Antonis Hadjiroussos ya jaddada haɗarin haɗarin Maronites cikin al'ummar Girka Cypriot saboda wannan.

## 'Yancin mata
Dokoki sun haramta fyade da fyade a Jamhuriyar Cyprus. An sami karuwa sosai a cikin adadin waɗannan laifuka a cikin 2000s. Kodayake an haramta cin zarafin jima'i a wurin aiki, matsala ce mai yaduwa, amma an ba da rahoton mutane kaɗan ga hukumomi.

A cikin shekara ta 1996, Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambanci a kan mata, Concluding Observations ya lura cewa ba a wakilci mata a rayuwar siyasa da yawa ba, ba su nan daga matakan gwamnati mafi girma, fataucin mata da cin zarafin su na jima'i ya saba wa haƙƙin ɗan adam, akwai cin zarafin jima'i a wurin aiki, kuma ba a biya mata kuɗi daidai ba don aikin da ya dace.

Kwamitin ya kuma ce:"Kwamitin ya bukaci Gwamnati da ta ba da cikakken tsaro ga mata masu zaman kansu da kuma kawar da nuna bambanci da ke akwai a wannan bangaren tsakanin mata masu aure da marasa aure. Kwamitin ya bukaci gwamnati da ta aiwatar da shirye-shiryen wayar da kan jama'a da horo na musamman a cikin batutuwan jinsi ga dukkan jami'an tilasta bin doka da alƙalai a kotunan iyali. Kwamitin yana ba da shawarar cewa a karɓi matakan gaggawa na wucin gadi, a ƙarƙashin Mataki na 4 na Yarjejeniyar, tare da niyyar yin amfani da manyan ayyukan gwamnati don inganta matsayin su don yin aiki da kuma yin aiki da su a cikin ayyukan gwamnati.A shekara ta 2006, wannan kwamitin ya nuna damuwarsu game da nuna bambanci ga mata masu ƙaura, gami da mataimakan gida da ma'aikatan gona, ƙananan mata waɗanda ke da digiri na PhD idan aka kwatanta da maza, da kuma "rashin cikakkiyar hanyar da ta dace ga manufofin daidaito tsakanin jinsi".

Wani rahoto na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka a cikin 2010 ya bayyana cewa:"A ranar 7 ga watan Janairu, Kotun Turai ta yanke hukunci a cikin Rantsev v. Cyprus da Rasha cewa Cyprus ta kasa kare mai shekaru 20 mai suna Oxana Rantseva daga fataucin mutane kuma ta kasa gudanar da bincike mai inganci game da yanayin mutuwarta a shekara ta 2001. "

## 'Yanci na jarida da magana
A cikin shekara ta 2010, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta ba da rahoton cewa dokar ta ba da 'yancin magana da na' yan jarida, kuma gwamnati gabaɗaya tana girmama waɗannan haƙƙoƙin a aikace. UNHCR ta kuma ruwaito a shekara ta 2006 cewa ana girmama 'yancin' yan jarida gabaɗaya, kuma' yan jaridu masu zaman kansu galibi suna sukar hukumomi. A ranar 18 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2005, 'yan sanda sun yi amfani da karfi sosai a kan masu zanga-zangar da 'yan jarida a wani zanga-zambe ta hanyar buga wa direbobin manyan motoci.

A shekara ta 2004, gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Cyprus ta hana kafofin watsa labarai watsa shirye-shiryen da suka shafi Shirin Annan na Cyprus. Kwamishinan Turai Günter Verheugen ya ki yin amfani da lokacin watsa shirye-shirye a kowane tashar talabijin na Girka saboda idan ba a ƙi shi ba, zai gabatar da muhawara da ke tallafawa shirin.

A shekara ta 2007, Shugaba Tassos Papadopoulos "da kansa ya shiga tsakani" don tilasta korar wakilin manema labarai a Babban Kwamitin Cyprus a London, Soteris Georgallis, saboda ya halarci gabatarwar littafi wanda mai sukar Papadopoulo, Takis Hadjidemetriou ya yi magana. Kyriakos Pierides ya ruwaito a cikin 2007 cewa "matsi na siyasa da na kasuwanci na gwamnati wani abu ne na yau da kullun da ke hana aikin kafofin watsa labarai a can".

A shekara ta 2008, Kungiyar Tsaro da Haɗin Kai a Turai, a cikin wani rahoto da Gidauniyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turkiyya da Kungiyar 'Yan Jarida ta Turkiyya suka rubuta sun ba da rahoton cewa gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Cyprus tana keta haƙƙin' yan Cyprus na Turkiyya game da' yancin yada labarai. Ya kara da cewa canjin da aka yi a cikin watsa shirye-shiryen Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation ya hana tashoshin talabijin na Cypriot da yawa watsa shirye-aikace a Arewacin Cyprus, don haka ya keta 'yancin magana.

The World Press Freedom Index ya sanya Cyprus 45 a cikin 2007,  31 a cikin 2008,  25 a cikin 2009,  kuma ya sanya shi zuwa 45 a cikin 2010.  A shekara ta 2016 an sanya ta a matsayi na 27.

## Cinikin mutane da haƙƙin masu neman mafaka

Karuwanci ya yadu a Cyprus, kuma an soki tsibirin saboda rawar da yake takawa a cinikin jima'i a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin fataucin mutane daga Gabashin Turai.

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2011, Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a da Al'adu ya ce an tsare masu neman mafaka na dogon lokaci a tsare da kuma yanayin da ba shi da kyau. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2005, KISA ta zargi 'yan sanda da keta doka da' yancin dan adam na masu neman mafaka ta hanyar gudanar da kamawa ba bisa ka'ida ba, tsare-tsare, da korar mutane. Wata kungiya mai zaman kanta (NGO) ta ruwaito a shekara ta 2005 cewa 'yan sanda sun kori mazauna na dogon lokaci, har zuwa shekaru 11.

Yawancin 'yan ƙasar Romania sun yi aiki tilas a ƙasar a shekara ta 2009. A watan Agustan shekara ta 2009 UNHCR ta koka ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai cewa an hana wani yaro dan Kurdawa da ke fama da mummunan yanayin haihuwa kudade na gwamnati don tafiya zuwa kasashen waje don magani saboda matsayinsa na 'yan gudun hijira, ya saba wa dokar' yan gudun hijira ta kasar, wanda ke ba 'yan gudun gudun hijira damar samun irin wannan magani kamar' yan Cyprus da sauran' yan EU. tsare ta hanyar mamaye hasumiyar tankin ruwa na kurkuku a Nicosia da yajin aikin yunwa a Limassol . 

A watan Satumbar 2020, wani rahoto na Human Rights Watch ya yi zargin cewa Cyprus ba ta ba da izinin 'yan gudun hijira masu shigowa su nemi mafaka kamar yadda ake buƙata a ƙarƙashin dokar kasa da kasa. An ruwaito cewa hukumomi sun watsar da daruruwan 'yan gudun hijira da bakin haure a teku ba tare da man fetur da abinci ba, kuma a wasu lokuta 'yan sanda sun buge su.

A watan Disamba na 2020, ministan cikin gida Nicos Nouris ya ba da umarni wanda ya hana duk wani mai neman mafaka kafa mazaunin dindindin a ƙauyen Chloraka .  Jerin rikice-rikice da suka faru a ƙauyen a watan Janairun 2022, daya daga cikinsu ya haɗa da jami'an 'yan sanda biyu da ke harba harbe-harbe na gargadi, ya haifar da damuwa tsakanin mazauna yankin game da sauya yawan jama'a. Wani zanga-zangar da mambobin majalisa suka halarta ya goyi bayan korar masu neman mafaka, tare da shugaban al'umma Nicos Liasides yana tabbatar da cewa "yanayin ya kai ga inda ba za a dawo ba".

## Hakkin LGBT
An haramta luwadi a shekarar 1998 bayan shari'ar *Modinos v. Cyprus* na Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai. Sojojin Cyprus sun yi amfani da su don hana masu luwadi yin aiki a kan dalilai na tunani,  amma an cire tushen warewa. 

## Rashin bin 'yancin dan adam saboda jayayya ta Cyprus

### Cin zarafi a Arewacin Cyprus
A cikin shari'o'i da zama, Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai ta sami Turkiyya da ke da alhakin ci gaba da keta Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam a Jamhuriyar Cyprus sakamakon mamayewar Turkiyya a 1974 da ci gaba da mamaye 37% na yankinta. Musamman, a cikin shari'ar da aka yi a Cyprus v. Turkiyya a shekarar 2011 kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa Turkiyya ta keta yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam:

* Rashin bin Mataki na 2, 3 da 5 game da mutanen Girka-Cypriot da suka ɓace da danginsu;
* Rashin bin Mataki na 8, 13 da P1-1 game da gida da dukiyar 'yan gudun hijira na Girka-Cypriot;
* Rashin bin Mataki na 3, 8, 9, 10, 13, P1-1 da P1-2 game da yanayin rayuwa na Girkanci Cypriots a Yankin Karpas na arewacin Cyprus;
* Rashin bin Mataki na 6, game da haƙƙin 'yan Cyprus na Turkiyya da ke zaune a arewacin Cyprus;

A cikin shekara ta 2011, a cikin rahoton shekara-shekara, Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta sake jaddada kiranta don cikakken maido da dukkan hakkokin dan adam ga jama'ar Cyprus, musamman ga 'yan gudun hijira, ta yi kira ga ganowa da lissafin mutanen da suka ɓace a Cyprus ba tare da wani jinkiri ba, kuma ta yi kira da maidowa da girmama haƙƙin ɗan adam da 'yancin asali na dukkan' yan Cyprus, gami da' yancin motsi, 'yancin sulhu da haƙƙin mallaka.

## Sauran batutuwa
Kullum mayar da hankali kan rarraba tsibirin wani lokacin yana rufe wasu batutuwan kare hakkin dan adam. A shekara ta 2005, ba a yarda da 'yan ƙasar Bulgeriya da ke zaune a Arewacin Cyprus su wuce Green Line kuma su jefa kuri'a a zaben Bulgarian ba.

## Dubi kuma

* 'Yanci na addini a Cyprus
* 'Yancin Dan Adam a Arewacin Cyprus
* Tsarkakewar Intanet da sa ido a Cyprus
* Hakkin LGBT a Cyprus
* Cyprus a cikin Tarayyar Turai

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje