Kungiyar Wasan Kurket ta Mata ta Afirka ta Kudu

**Kungiyar wasan kurket ta mata ta Afirka ta Kudu da** ake yi wa takedahda **Proteas**, tana wakiltar Afirka ta Kudu a gasar kurket ta kasa da kasa ta mata . Ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyi takwas da ke fafatawa a Gasar Mata ta ICC (mafi girman matakin wasanni), ƙungiyar Kurket ta Afirka ta Kudu (CSA) ce ta shirya ƙungiyar, cikakkiyar memba ce ta Majalisar Kurket ta Duniya (ICC).

Afirka ta Kudu ta yi gwajin farko a shekarar 1960, da Ingila, ta zama tawaga ta hudu da ta yi wasa a matakin (bayan Australia, Ingila, da New Zealand ). Saboda kaurace wa wasanni na Afirka ta Kudu da wasu dalilai, kungiyar ba ta buga wasannin kasa da kasa ba tsakanin shekarun 1972 da 1997. Afirka ta Kudu ta koma gasar kasa da kasa a watan Agustan na shekarar 1997, a wasan Ranar Daya na Duniya (ODI) da Ireland, kuma daga baya a shekarar ta halarci gasar cin kofin duniya ta shekarar 1997 a Indiya. Tawagar ta shiga kowane bugu na gasar cin kofin duniya tun lokacin, kuma ta yi wasan kusa da na karshe a shekarar  2000 da 2017 . Haka kuma Afirka ta Kudu ta halarci kowane bugu na Mata na Duniya Twenty20, kuma ta yi wasan kusa da na karshe na bugu na shekarar 2014, da aka buga a Bangladesh.

## Tarihi

### Tarihin farko
Rahoton farko na wasan kurket na mata a Afirka ta Kudu ya fito ne daga shekarar 1888, lokacin da Harry Cadwallader, daga baya sakatare na farko na kungiyar Cricket ta Afirka ta Kudu, ya lura "yawan jima'i masu adalci da ke yin aiki ... baiwa. . ." .  A shekara mai zuwa, dalibai daga Kwalejin Afirka ta Kudu sun yi wasa da 'Tawagar mata', inda daliban maza suka tilasta wa jemage, kwano da filin hannun hagu, da jemage ta hanyar amfani da tsinke. Matan sun yi nasara a wasan da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida. Akwai wasu nassoshi game da irin wannan yanayin da aka sanya wa maza masu fafatawa a wasan da mata a lokacin, al'adar da aka yi daga Ingila.  An buga wasan kurket na mata a Afirka ta Kudu cikin adalci a kai a kai a farkon karni na 20,  kuma a cikin shekarar 1922, Winfred Kingswell ya kafa, kuma ya zama shugaban farko na kungiyar Wasannin Yan Matan Mata na Peninsula. Shekaru goma bayan haka, ta taimaka ta sami ƙungiyar Ladies Cricket Club (PLCC), wacce ke da mambobi 30, suna buga wasanni akai-akai da ɓangarorin maza akan matakin matakin. Sun buga wasanni 33 a cikin yanayi biyu tare da karancin nasara, inda suka ci tara daga cikinsu. A cikin shekarar 1934, PLCC tana da alaƙa da Ƙungiyar Cricket ta Mata a Ingila, wacce ke gudanar da wasan cricket na duniya a lokacin. Manufar ita ce shirya wasan kurket na mata a Afirka ta Kudu, kuma a ƙarshe za a aika da ƙungiyoyi don buga wasa a Ingila, Scotland da Australia. Ba a sami ci gaba kaɗan ba, kodayake wasan kurket na mata na yau da kullun ya ci gaba har zuwa yakin duniya na biyu.  An sake farfado da shi a cikin shekarar 1947 ta ƙungiyar masu sha'awar sha'awa,  kuma a cikin 1951 Netta Rheinberg, a madadin Ƙungiyar Cricket ta Mata, ta ba da shawarar cewa a kafa Ƙungiyar Cricket ta Mata ta Afirka ta Kudu, kuma ta ƙarfafa yiwuwar cewa za a iya yin jerin wasanni. wanda aka buga tsakanin ƙungiyoyin biyu.  An kafa Ƙungiyar Kurket ta Mata ta Afirka ta Kudu da Rhodesian (SA&RWCA) a hukumance a cikin shekarar 1952.  A taronsu na shekara-shekara a cikin watan Janairu na shekarar 1955, SA&RWCA ta karɓi goron gayyata daga Ƙungiyar Kurkett ta Mata don shiga Majalisar Kurket ta Mata ta Duniya wanda, ban da Afirka ta Kudu, ya haɗa da Ingila, Ostiraliya da New Zealand .  Sun kuma amince cewa za a buga wasannin kasa da kasa tsakanin kasashe hudu.  A cikin shekarar 1959, an yi shirye-shirye don rangadin wasan kurket na mata na farko na duniya a Afirka ta Kudu, kamar yadda za su buga da tawagar Ingila a shekarar  1960 . 

### Ziyarar farko na mata na duniya na Afirka ta Kudu
Ƙasar Ingila masu yawon buɗe ido ta buga wasannin yawon buɗe ido tara ban da wasannin gwaji huɗu da aka tsara, wanda ya fara da fafatawar kwana ɗaya da wata Lardin Yamma ta Haɗa XI.  Afirka ta Kudu ta fara wasan gwajin mata na farko a ranar 2 ga watan Disamba na shekarar 1960 a St George's Oval, Port Elizabeth - wuri daya da aka yi amfani da shi a wasan farko na gwajin maza a kasar a shekarar  1889 - kuma suka tashi kunnen doki.   Bayan an tashi kunnen doki a gwaji na biyu, Ingila ta yi ikirarin samun nasara a wasan na uku da ci takwas, kuma canjaras da suka yi a gwajin karshe ya baiwa kungiyar yawon bude ido nasara da ci 1-0.  Jerin ya ga cewa Afirka ta Kudu ta zama kasa ta hudu na gwajin mata, bayan Ingila da Ostiraliya wadanda suka fafata a wasan gwajin mata na farko a shekarar 1934, da New Zealand wadanda suka yi gwajin mata na farko a shekarar 1935. 

Saboda dokokin wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu, waɗanda suka gabatar da wariyar launin fata na doka ga ƙasar a cikin shekarar 1948, babu wani ba farare (wanda aka ayyana ƙarƙashin doka a matsayin ko dai "baƙar fata", "launi" ko "Indiya") ɗan wasan da ya cancanci buga wasan kurket na Kudu. Afirka. A haƙiƙa, ƙungiyoyin ƙetare da ke son rangadin Afirka ta Kudu su ma an iyakance su da waɗannan dokoki.  Wadannan dokokin sun kai ga Basil D'Oliveira, ' Cape Coloured ' dan Afirka ta Kudu ya yi hijira zuwa Ingila, inda ya fara buga wasan kurket na gwaji. Daga baya aka nada shi a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a matsayin wani bangare na tawagar Ingila don rangadin Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1968-69, amma Firayim Ministan Afirka ta Kudu John Vorster ya ki barin D'Oliveira ya shiga cikin kasar, yana mai cewa: "Mu ba a shirye su karbi tawagar da mutanen da ba su da sha'awa a cikin wasan amma don samun wasu manufofin siyasa da ba sa yunkurin boyewa. Tawagar MCC ba ta MCC ba ce a’a kungiyar yaki da wariyar launin fata ce.”  Mako guda bayan haka, Marylebone  Kurket Club (MCC) ta dakatar da rangadin.  Tawagar cricket ta Afirka ta Kudu ta zagaya Ostiraliya a lokacin hunturu mai zuwa, amma yawon shakatawa na Ingila a shekarar  1970, da Australia a shekarar 1971–72 duk an soke su bayan zanga-zangar adawa da wariyar launin fata.  Duk da wannan keɓancewar wasannin motsa jiki, ƙungiyar mata ta New Zealand ta zagaya Afirka ta Kudu a cikin lokacin shekarar 1971–72 . Membobi uku ne kawai na tawagar Afirka ta Kudu ta shekarar  1960 suka dawo don fafatawa da New Zealand: Jennifer Gove, Lorna Ward da Maureen Payne . New Zealand ta buga wasannin yawon bude ido shida da wasannin gwaji uku a cikin wani balaguron da ya wuce wata guda da ya wuce a watannin  Fabrairu da Maris na shekarar 1972.  New Zealand ta ci jerin 1-0, tare da zana na farko da na ƙarshe. 

### Warewa daga wasan kurket na duniya
Duk da cewa al'amarin D'Oliveira ya fuskanci Allah wadai da kasashen duniya, masu kula da wasan kurket a Ingila da Ostireliya sun yi jinkirin yanke alakar wasansu da Afirka ta Kudu.  Sauran wasanni na kasa da kasa sun riga sun yanke alakar su da kasar, an cire su daga wasannin Olympics na shekarun 1964 da 1968 da kuma korarsu daga Motsin Olympics a shekarar 1970. Daga baya a cikin wannan shekarar an dakatar da 'yan wasan Afirka ta Kudu daga gasar kasa da kasa ta Hukumar Kula da wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle ta kasa da kasa Amateur .  Da farko dai an ci gaba da yin gayyata na rangadin maza na Afirka ta Kudu a Ingila, amma barazanar da ake yi na kawo cikas a wasannin motsa jiki daga masu adawa da wariyar launin fata ya sa gwamnatin Burtaniya ta shiga tsakani don soke ziyarar. A watan Mayun shekarar 1970, Majalisar Kurket ta yanke shawarar cewa ba za a sake yin balaguro zuwa Afirka ta Kudu ba har sai an buga wasan kurket a cikin ƙasar bisa ga kabilanci da yawa, kuma an zaɓi tawagar ƙasa bisa cancanta.  A cikin shekarar  1976, ƙungiyoyi uku daban-daban; Kungiyar Cricket ta Afirka ta Kudu (SACA), Hukumar Kula da Cricket ta Afirka ta Kudu (SACBOC) da Hukumar Cricket ta Afirka ta Kudu (SAACB) sun amince da kafa kwamitin guda daya don gudanar da wasan kurket na Afirka ta Kudu, kuma duk wasan kurket na gaba a kasar zai kasance. wanda aka buga akan haɗin kai ba tare da la'akari da launin fata ko launin fata ba. Sabuwar hukumar gudanarwa; Kungiyar Cricket ta Afirka ta Kudu ta dauki nauyin gudanar da wasan kurket a cikin jamhuriyar a watan Satumban 1977. Duk da haka, wata kungiya a cikin SACBOC ba ta amince da wannan kungiya ba, kuma ta kafa wata kungiya mai adawa, Hukumar Cricket ta Afirka ta Kudu, karkashin jagorancin Hassan Howa, wanda ya yi ikirarin cewa ba za a iya samun "wasanni na yau da kullum ba a cikin al'ummar da ba ta dace ba".  Babban taron Cricket na kasa da kasa (ICC) ya sanya dakatar da yawon bude ido a shekarar 1970.  Duk da kauracewa taron a hukumance, an ci gaba da rangadin wasan kurket a Afirka ta Kudu. Derrick Robins ya dauki kungiyoyi a shekarun 1973, 1974 da 1975, yayin da wani bangaren 'International Wanderers' shi ma ya zagaya a shekarar 1976. 

A shekara ta 1977, shugabannin kasashe renon Ingila sun yi taro domin tattauna halin da ake ciki da wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu da kuma illar da ke tattare da ci gaba da huldar wasanni da kasar. Baki ɗaya sun amince da Yarjejeniyar Gleneagles, wadda ta hana tuntuɓar wasanni da gasa tare da ƙungiyoyi, ƙungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane daga Afirka ta Kudu.  Wannan yarjejeniya ta dakatar da rangadin wasan kurket na Afirka ta Kudu na wani dan lokaci. Koyaya, a cikin 1982 an fara rangadin farko na 'yan tawayen . Geoffrey Boycott da Graham Gooch sun jagoranci dan wasan Ingila XI a rangadin wata daya na wasanni 'Test' da wasanni 'One Day International' guda uku. Halin da aka yi a Ingila da Afirka ta Kudu ya yi muni sosai. 'Yan jaridun Ingila da 'yan siyasa sun fusata; suna sanya ɓangaren yawon shakatawa da 'Dirty Dozen'. A Afirka ta Kudu, gwamnati da kuma farar yada labarai ne suka shelanta a matsayin dawowar wasan cricket na kasa da kasa. 'Yan tawayen na Ingila duk sun samu haramcin shekaru uku daga shiga wasan kurket na kasa da kasa.  Sri Lanka sun yi rangadi a lokacin bazara na Afirka ta Kudu mai zuwa, kuma wata tawaga daga Indiyan Yamma ta biyo bayansu, waɗanda suka ba da hujjar abin da suka aikata ta hanyar iƙirarin suna nunawa farar Afirka ta Kudu cewa baƙar fata maza ne daidai da su. Koyaya, sun sami haramcin rayuwa daga wasan kurket na Caribbean a cikin 1983, kuma an kore su a cikin ƙasashensu.  Wani dan Australiya XI, wanda tsohon kyaftin din gwajin Kim Hughes ya jagoranta ya zagaya sau biyu a 1985/86 da 1986/87,  yayin da XI na Ingilishi na biyu, a wannan lokacin Mike Gatting ya wakilci yawon shakatawa na ƙarshe a 1990.  Akwai wasu balaguron 'yan tawaye na mata daga Ingila, kodayake waɗannan ba su da sha'awar sosai fiye da waɗanda ke cikin wasan maza. Kim Price, wacce ta jagoranci matan Afirka ta Kudu tsakanin 1997 da 2000 bayan komawar su wasan kurket na kasa da kasa, ta fara fitowa a tsakiyar 1980 a kan wadannan kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye. 

### Komawa wasan cricket na duniya

A watan Yuni 1991, Ƙungiyar Cricket ta Afirka ta Kudu da Hukumar Cricket ta Afirka ta Kudu sun haɗu don kafa Hukumar Cricket ta Afirka ta Kudu (UCB). Haɗin kai ya ƙare tilasta wariyar launin fata, kuma bayan wata guda, a ranar 10 ga Yuli 1991, Afirka ta Kudu ta sake shigar da ita a matsayin cikakken memba na ICC.  'Yan Afirka ta Kudu sun buga wasansu na farko tun bayan tilasta rashin halartar su a watan Nuwamban 1991, wasan Ranar Daya na Duniya da Indiya .  Kusan shekaru shida bayan haka, kuma shekaru ashirin da biyar bayan wasansu na gida da New Zealand, Afirka ta Kudu ta dawo wasan kurket na mata na duniya tare da rangadin Ireland da Ingila a 1997.  Baya ga nuna alamar dawowarsu, wasannin uku na mata na One Day International (ODI) da Ireland kuma ya wakilci Afirka ta Kudu ta farko ta wasan kurket na ODI, saboda ODI na farko na mata an buga shi a 1973, lokacin da aka cire su.  Duk da rashin gogewarsu a tsarin, da kuma rashin kwarewar 'yan wasansu na duniya-babu daya daga cikin tawagar da ta rage a gasar ta 1971–72 - Afirka ta Kudu ta doke Ireland da ci 3-0 .  Afirka ta Kudu ba ta yi kyau ba yayin da suka ci gaba zuwa sashin Ingilishi na yawon shakatawa. Bayan da suka doke mata 'yan kasa da shekara 23 a Ingila a wasan da suka yi sama da 50,  sun fada cikin rashin nasara sau 79 a ODI na farko. Sun yi nasara a ODI na biyu inda suka doke masu masaukin baki da ci biyu, amma rashin nasara bakwai a karo na uku, sannan aka yi watsi da ruwan sama a wasanni biyu na karshe ya sa Afirka ta Kudu ta yi rashin nasara da ci 2-1. 

Daga baya a wannan shekarar, matan Afirka ta Kudu sun fafata a gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cricket ta mata ta farko.  Afirka ta Kudu ta samu nasarar tsallakewa daga matakin rukuni ne bisa la'akarin da ta yi a matsayi na uku - bayan Australia da Ingila - kuma ta hadu da mai masaukin baki Indiya a wasan kusa da na karshe. Da ta fara fafatawa, Afirka ta Kudu ta samu maki 80 ne kawai, yayin da Daleen Terblanche da Cindy Eksteen su kadai ne 'yan Afirka ta Kudu suka samu maki biyu. Indiya ta kai ga burinta a cikin wasanni 28, kuma ta tsallake zuwa matakin kusa da na karshe da kudin Afirka ta Kudu. 

### Jerin hasara a Australia, New Zealand da Ingila
Bayan kakar 1998 ba tare da wani wasan kurket na duniya ga matan Afirka ta Kudu ba, sun zagaya Ostiraliya da New Zealand a cikin 1998–99. Wasanni uku na ODI da zakarun duniya, Ostiraliya, ya haifar da rashin nasara da ci 2-0; wasa na uku aka yi watsi da shi ba tare da an buga kwallo ba. Afrika ta Kudu dai ta yi fama da fafatawar a ko wanne wasa, inda ta sha kashi a wasanni 92, sannan ta sha kashi da ci 100.  Jerin da suka biyo baya a New Zealand ya kawo ƙarin shan kashi; Bayan da aka yi rashin nasara a wasannin share fage na sama da 50 a bangaren 'A' na mata na New Zealand, Afirka ta Kudu ta samu farar fata a cikin jerin wasannin ODI, inda kawai ta sami maki 82, 101 da 96 lokacin da take yin bat. 

Afirka ta Kudu ta sake yin rangadi a shekara ta 2000, inda ta sake komawa Ingila, a wannan karon ta fafata da ODI na wasanni biyar. Wasannin dumi-dumi biyu da aka yi da matan Ingila 'A' sun haifar da kunkuntar nasara tare da kunnen doki, ba farawa mai kyau ba. Koyaya, ba kamar jerin wasannin ODI guda biyu da suka gabata ba, Afirka ta Kudu ta sami nasarar lashe wasanni biyu, ta lashe duka ODI na uku da na biyar. Duk da wadannan nasarorin da Ingila ta samu ta yi nasara a gasar da ci 3-2, inda ta yi wa Afirka ta Kudu nasara a gasar ta hudu a jere.

### Haɓaka martabar wasan cricket na mata na Afirka ta Kudu
Gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta 2000 ta samu kyautatuwa, yayin da Afirka ta Kudu ta zo gaban Ingila a matakin rukuni,  sakamakon nasarar da ta samu da ci biyar da nema.  Ƙarshen da suka yi ya sa sun haye zuwa wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, inda Australia ta doke su,  waɗanda suka kasance ba a ci su ba a matakin rukuni na gasar.  Nasarar da matan Afirka ta Kudu suka samu, ya sanya jama'a a fagen wasan kwallon kafa a kasarsu, inda shugabar kungiyar wasan Cricket ta Afirka ta Kudu, Colleen Roberts, ta bayyana yadda wasan na mata ya kasance abin tausayi.  Roberts ya bayyana cewa, daya daga cikin manyan matsalolin da suka dabaibaye harkar bunkasa harkar wasanni shi ne na rashin kungiyoyin da za su je kasar Afirka ta Kudu, saboda wasannin kurket na mata a kasar ba su da masu daukar nauyin gasar.  Afirka ta Kudu ta sami nasarar jawo tawagar zuwa yawon shakatawa a cikin 2001–02, tare da Indiya ta yi balaguro zuwa ƙasar don fafatawar ODI huɗu da wasan Gwaji. Bayan lashe gasar ODI da ci 2–1, Afirka ta Kudu ta sha kashi da ci 10 a gwajin farko da suka yi tun lokacin da suka koma wasan kurket na kasa da kasa. 

Daga nan sai Afirka ta Kudu ta buga wasanni uku a jere da matan Ingila, inda suka zagaya kasar a shekara ta 2003, sannan ta dauki bakuncin gasar a 2003-04 da 2004-05. Jerin 2003 ya ga ƙasashen biyu sun fafata a wasannin Gwaji biyu ban da ODI uku. Bayan wasannin rangadin da aka yi da kungiyoyin gundumomi da na wakilai inda Afirka ta Kudu ta samu nasara daya kacal a kokarinta hudu, an tashi wasan farko na gwaji. An shirya jerin wasannin ODI kafin gwaji na biyu, kuma Afirka ta Kudu ta yi nasara a matsayi na biyu a kan gasa, amma ta sha kashi a dukkan wasannin biyu. An kammala rangadin da wani gagarumin rashin nasara a gwaji na biyu, Ingila ta yi nasara da ci 96 da ci 130 da 229 kawai. A cikin 2003–04, Afirka ta Kudu ta fara jerin shirye-shiryen tare da nasarar wasan ƙwallon ƙarshe a ODI ta farko, amma ta rasa duk sauran ODI don rasa jerin 4–1. A cikin 2004–05 bangarorin sun buga wasannin ODI biyu a cikin makonni kafin gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cricket ta mata ta 2005 da ake gudanarwa a Afirka ta Kudu, shekaru biyu bayan sun karbi bakuncin gasar maza . Afrika ta Kudu ta sha kashi a wasanni biyun, kuma ta ci gaba da buga gasar da ba ta yi nasara ba; a wasanni bakwai (wanda aka watsar da daya kuma daya bai samu sakamako ba) Afirka ta Kudu ta samu nasara daya ne kawai; da West Indies . Sun kammala gasar cin kofin duniya a matsayi na bakwai, kuma aka fitar da su. Bayan kawar da su sun yi gaggawar shirya wasannin ODI na wasanni uku da West Indies, wadanda su ma aka fitar da su daga gasar. 

## Duba kuma

* Tawagar cricket ta maza ta Afirka ta Kudu
* Jerin matan Afirka ta Kudu ODI cricketers
* Jerin sunayen matan Afirka ta Kudu Twenty20 'yan wasan kurket na kasa da kasa

## Manazarta

## Littafi Mai Tsarki

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