Robert Gottlieb

**Robert Adams Gottlieb** (29 ga Afrilu, 1931 - 14 ga Yuni, 2023) marubuci ne kuma editan Amurka. Ya kasance babban editan Simon &amp;amp; Schuster, Alfred A. Knopf, da The New Yorker .

Gottlieb ya shiga Simon &amp;amp; Schuster a 1955 a matsayin mataimakin edita ga Jack Goodman, darektan edita. A Simon & Schuster, Gottlieb ya zama darektan edita a cikin shekaru biyar kuma ya ja hankalin mutane ga abin da ya faru na Catch-22 . 

A shekara ta 1968, Gottlieb - tare da masu tallatawa da tallace-tallace Nina Bourne da Anthony Schulte - sun koma Alfred A. Knopf a matsayin babban edita; ba da daɗewa ba, ya zama shugaban kasa.[1] Ya bar a 1987 don ya gaji William Shawn a matsayin editan The New Yorker, ya kasance a wannan mukamin har zuwa 1992. Bayan ya tashi daga The New Yorker, Gottlieb ya koma Alfred A. Knopf a matsayin edita ex officio.

Gottlieb ya kasance mai ba da gudummawa akai-akai ga The New York Review of Books, The New Yorker, da The New York Times Book Review, kuma ya kasance mai sukar rawa ga The Nework Observer daga 1999 har zuwa 2020. Yayinda yake a Simon & Schuster da Knopf, ya shirya littattafan Joseph Heller, Jessica Mitford, Lauren Bacall, Salman Rushdie, Toni Morrison, John le Carré, da Robert Caro, da sauransu.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Robert Gottlieb a shekara ta 1931 ga dangin Yahudawa  a Manhattan, Birnin New York, inda ya girma a Upper West Side.  An ba shi suna na tsakiya don girmama kawunsa, Arthur Adams, wanda yanzu aka sani da ɗan leƙen asirin Soviet. Yayinda yake yaro a sansanin bazara, halin Gottlieb na karatu ya kai shi ga abota da E.L. Doctorow . 

Gottlieb ya halarci Makarantar Birch Wathen kuma ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Columbia a 1952, Phi Beta Kappa .  Ya sami digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar Cambridge a shekara ta 1954. 

## Simon & Schuster (1955-1968)
Gottlieb ya fara aikinsa a cikin wallafe-wallafen a matsayin mataimakin edita ga darektan edita na Simon & Schuster, Jack Goodman . Gottlieb, wanda ke aiki a lokaci-lokaci a Macy's kuma yana fassara daga Faransanci a kan zaman kansa, ya nemi aikin wallafe-wallafen tun lokacin da ya bar Cambridge. A cikin tarihinsa, ya rubuta cewa littattafan da Simon & Schuster suka buga sun kasance a ƙasa da "mahimman wallafe-wallafen" a wannan lokacin, amma bukatarsa ta buɗewa cikin bugawa ya sa ya so ya ɗauki hira.

Gaskiya ne, ba a san kamfanin da darajarta ba, kamar yadda nasarar kasuwanci ta samu. Littafin farko da kamfanin ya buga ya shahara ne a littafin kalmomin ƙetare, wanda aka sayar da shi sosai; kamfanin kuma ya fara kafa jerin littattafan yara na Little Golden Books, wanda ya buga littafin yara mafi kyawun sayar da shekaru da yawa, The Poky Little Puppy, a cikin 1942. 

Shekaru biyu bayan ya fara a Simon & Schuster, shugaban Gottlieb Jack Goodman ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani a watan Agustan shekara ta 1957.  A kusa da isowar Gottlieb, fiye da 5 daban-daban masu gudanarwa sun mutu ko sun bar - wani fitowa wanda ya hada da wanda ya kafa Richard Simon, wanda ya yi ritaya a ƙarshen 1957.  Tare da rashin Goodman, Simon, da babban editan Albert Leventhal, shugaban kasuwancin kamfanin mai suna Gottlieb editan darektan a shekarar 1959. A cikin tarihinsa, Gottlieb ya bayyana lokacin jagorancinsa lokaci "ya raba" ga kamfanin, bisa ga bambance-bambance tsakanin tsohon mai tsaro da sabon.

Nasarar farko ga Gottlieb ta zo ne tare da Rona Jaffe's The Best of Everything (1958), wanda mai shirya fim Jerry Wald ya ba da umarni - a cikin yarjejeniya tare da Goodman - kafin a gama shi. Hanyar littafin zuwa bugawa ta kasance tare da mutuwar Goodman, don haka Gottlieb ya riƙe alhakin shi a matsayin mataimakin Goodman. Littafin ya zama fim a shekarar 1959, wanda ya nuna Joan Crawford kuma ya sami ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa.

## Manazarta