Zelia N. Breaux

**Zelia N. Breaux** (Fabrairu 6, 1880 &#x2013; Oktoba 31, 1956) ta kasance mai koyar da kiɗa kuma mawaƙiya 'yar Amurka wacce ta buga ƙaho, goge da piano. Ta shirya sashen kiɗa na farko a Jami'ar Langston da ke Oklahoma da kuma ƙungiyar makaɗa ta farko ta makarantar. A matsayinta na Mai Kula da Kiɗa na makarantun 'yan Afirka da aka ware a Oklahoma City, Breaux ta shirya ƙungiyoyin mawaƙa, ƙungiyoyin mawaƙa da ƙungiyar makaɗa, inda ta kafa malamin kiɗa a kowace makaranta a gundumar. Ta yi tasiri sosai ga mawaƙa da yawa ciki har da Charlie Christian da Jimmy Rushing, da kuma marubuciya Ralph Ellison . Breaux ita ce mace ta farko da ta zama shugabar ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Oklahoma kuma an shigar da ita cikin ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta YWCA ta Oklahoma, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Oklahoma da ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Oklahoma bayan mutuwarta. Ƙungiyar Tarihi ta Oklahoma City/County ta gabatar da kyautar Pathmaker Award ga Breaux a shekarar 2017.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Zelia N. Page a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1880 a Jefferson City, Missouri ga Inman Edward da Zelia Ball Page . Ta sami digirin farko a fannin kiɗa daga Lincoln Institute, inda mahaifinta ke aiki a matsayin shugabar makaranta. Lokacin da mahaifinta ya karɓi shugabancin Jami'ar Noma da Al'ada ta Launi (wanda yanzu Jami'ar Langston ce ) a ranar 1 ga Mayu, 1898, ya ba ta aiki a matsayin malamar kiɗa kuma ta ƙaura zuwa Oklahoma Territory. Page ya kafa sashen kiɗa na makarantar kuma ya koyar da piano da kiɗan kayan kida.   A shekara ta 1902, ta shirya ƙungiyar makaɗa ta farko a Langston wadda ta fara da mawaƙa bakwai kuma bayan shekaru biyu ta girma zuwa ɗalibai 23. Ta kafa ƙungiyar mawaƙa, ƙungiyar glee da ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta makaranta, tana buƙatar ɗalibai su yi nazarin kiɗan gargajiya. 

### Aure da iyali
A ranar 6 ga Disamba, 1905, Page ya auri Armogen Breaux.  Ma'auratan suna da ɗa ɗaya, Inman A. Breaux (4 ga Oktoba, 1908 - 24 ga Nuwamba, 1967), wanda Farfesa ne a fannin Ilimi, Dean na Gudanarwa, kuma Dean na Harkokin Dalibai a Jami'ar Langston. 

### Shekarun Oklahoma City
A shekarar 1918, Breaux ta bar Langston ta karɓi matsayin Mai Kula da Kiɗa na makarantun 'yan Afirka da aka ware a birnin Oklahoma . Ta kafa malamin kiɗa a kowace makarantar aji a gundumar, ta kafa ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Oklahoma City, kuma ta jagoranci sashen kiɗa a Makarantar Sakandare ta Douglass . Yayin da take Douglass, ta shirya ƙungiyar mawaƙa mai muryoyi ashirin da huɗu, ƙungiyar makaɗa ta simfoni mai guda goma sha takwas, da kuma ƙungiyoyin glee da dama.  A wannan lokacin, ba a saba gani ba ga makarantun baƙar fata su ba da horon kiɗa fiye da koyarwar murya, amma Breaux ta yi imanin cewa tarbiyya da koyarwar kiɗan gargajiya sun yi aiki a matsayin abin ƙarfafawa ga ɗagawa da kuma sarrafa rayuwa. 

Breaux ta yi imani da 'yancin kanta. Ta zauna a Oklahoma City kuma ta koyar, tana kula da gidajen wasan kwaikwayo da hayar gidajen Aldridge, tana tafiya zuwa Langston, inda mijinta ke zaune. Ta ɗauki hayar mai dafa abinci na dindindin don shirya mata abinci. 

Mawakiyar ta kasance mai hazaka kuma tana buga ƙaho, goge da piano.  Breaux ta hana ɗalibanta buga jazz, tana koya musu kiɗan gargajiya da ka'idar kiɗa    amma ita ce ke da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na baƙar fata ɗaya tilo a Oklahoma City kuma sau da yawa tana hayar mawakan blues da jazz don su buga a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Aldridge.  Mawakan Count Basie, Gonzelle White da King Oliver duk sun buga a can, haka kuma Ida Cox, Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith da Mamie Smith . 

Ƙungiyar mawakan makarantar sakandare ta Douglass, waɗanda ta shirya a shekarar 1923 tare da mahalarta ashirin da biyar, sun shahara a duk faɗin Amurka. Ɗaliban, waɗanda suka kasance mawakan ƙarami da na babban sakandare, sun zama ƙananan shahararrun mutane.  Ta hanyar fitowarsu ta ƙasa, ƙungiyar ta yi tasiri ga mawaƙa iri-iri, ciki har da Eubie Blake, Charlie Christian, Duke Ellington, Jimmy Rushing, Noble Sissle, da Sherman Sneed .   Ralph Ellison, marubuci kuma mawaƙi, ya kira Breaux "mahaifiyarsa ta biyu". 

A shekarar 1932, Breaux ta shirya bikin Ranar Mayu, inda ƙungiyar Douglass ta buga wasa. A shekarar 1933  ƙungiyar ta jagoranci faretin Century of Progress a bikin baje kolin duniya na Chicago  kuma sun yi wasa a wani gidan rediyo na ƙasa yayin da suke can. Ƙungiyar Douglass ta yi wasa a bikin Texas Centennial Celebration a Dallas a shekarar 1936 kuma a shekarar 1937 ta halarci bikin Black State Band Festival, wanda Breaux ya ƙirƙira, tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi bakwai. 

Breaux ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin kiɗa daga Jami'ar Northwestern da ke Evanston, Illinois a shekarar 1939.  Takardar karatunta mai taken, *Ci gaban kiɗan kayan kida a makarantun sakandare da kwalejoji na Negro* .  An naɗa Breaux a matsayin shugabar mace ta farko ta ƙungiyar malamai ta 'yan Negro ta Oklahoma.  Ta yi ritaya a shekarar 1948 daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Douglass. 

Breaux ya mutu a Guthrie, Oklahoma a ranar 31 ga Oktoba 1956.  

### Kyaututtuka
A shekarar 1977, an shigar da ita cikin YWCA Hall of Fame bayan mutuwarta, kuma a shekarar 1983, an shigar da Breaux cikin Oklahoma Women's Hall of Fame. A ranar 25 ga Yuli, 1991, an shigar da ita cikin Oklahoma Bandmasters Association Hall of Fame.  Oklahoma City/County Historical Society ta gabatar da kyautar Pathmaker Award ga Zelia Breaux bayan mutuwarta a lokacin cin abincin rana a ranar 9 ga Satumba, 2017.

## Ɗaliban Zelia N. Breaux

* Charlie Kirista 
* Buddy Anderson 

## Manazarta