Ferenc Kazinczy

Ferenc Kazinczy (hu ), (a cikin tsofaffin Ingilishi: Francis Kazinczy, [1] Oktoba 27, 1759 – Agusta 23, 1831) marubuci ɗan ƙasar Hungarian ne, mawaƙi, mai fassara, masanin ilimin halitta, wakili a cikin sabunta harshen Hungarian da adabi a farkon karni na 19. [2] A yau sunansa yana da alaƙa da faffadan sake fasalin Harshe na ƙarni na 19, lokacin da aka ƙirƙira ko kuma farfado da dubban kalmomi, wanda ya ba da damar harshen Hungarian ya ci gaba da ci gaban kimiyya kuma ya zama harshen hukuma na al'umma a shekara ta 1844. Don ayyukansa na harshe da na adabi ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa al'adu na Zamanin Gyaran Hungarian tare da Dávid Baróti Szabó, Ferenc Verseghy, György Bessenyei, Mátyás Rát da János Kis. [3]

## Rayuwa

### Shekarun farko
An haifi Ferenc Kazinczy a Érsemjén, Bihar, Masarautar Hungary (yau Șimian, Romania ). Mahaifinsa, József Kazinczy de Kazincz (1732-1784) ya fito daga tsohon dangi mai daraja kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin majistare a Abaúj County . Mahaifiyarsa ita ce Zsuzsanna Bossányi de Nagybossány (1740-1812). Ferenc yana da ’yan’uwa huɗu da ’yan’uwa mata huɗu. [1] Har ya kai shekara takwas kakansa na wajen uwa, Ferenc Bossányi, notary of Bihar County kuma jakadan majalisa, ya rene shi, inda bai ji wata magana ba a cikin shekaru bakwai na farko. [2]

Ya rubuta wasiƙunsa na farko a cikin Disamba 1764 zuwa ga iyayensa waɗanda ke zaune a Alsóregmec a lokacin. A shekara ta 1766 innarsa ta yi rashin lafiya, saboda haka suka ƙaura zuwa Debrecen na tsawon watanni uku don maganin warkarwa. Kazinczy yayi karatu a lokacin a Kwalejin Debrecen.  Bayan mutuwar uwarsa ya koma wurin iyayensa inda ya koyi Latin da Jamusanci daga dalibi na Kwalejin Késmárk (yau Kežmarok, Slovakia ). Mahaifinsa mai ilimi da wayewa, yana fama da rashin lafiya, ya ji daɗin ɗansa, don haka ya koya masa kuma ya yi magana da shi cikin Latin da Jamusanci. Kazinczy ya ci gaba da karatun harshensa a Késmárk a cikin 1768 a cikin aji na shirye-shirye. 

Mahaifinsa, József Kazinczy, da farko ya so Ferenc ya zama soja, amma tsayin daka da Ferenc ya yi da kuma ci gaban wasu basirarsa musamman na adabi ya sa shi ya karkata daga niyyarsa, sannan ya so ya ga dansa marubuci. Duk da haka mahaifin, a matsayinsa na mai koyar da ibada, ya fahimci a ƙarƙashin sana'ar marubuci wani addini, don haka ya umarci ɗansa ɗan shekara sha huɗu da ya fassara littattafan Kirista Fürchtegott Gellert kan addini daga Latin zuwa Hungarian . In ba haka ba, uban ya ba dansa ilimi mai zurfi: Ferenc ya sami ilimi a cikin harsunan waje, yana iya yin fasaha mai kyau da kiɗa, kuma don ganin duniya, ya kawo shi zuwa majalisai da kuma abincin rana na sarki, Joseph II lokacin da mai mulki ya ziyarci Sárospatak . A shekara ta 1774 mahaifin ya bukaci ɗansa ya ci gaba da fassarorinsa, amma Ferenc ya gwammace ya ba da lokaci yana karanta György Bessenyei 's Ágis tragédiája (1772), Ignác Mészáros's Kártigám (1772) da sauran ayyukan belles-lettres . Ya fadada iliminsa tare da idylls na Salomon Gessner da wakokin Vergilius, Horace, Anacreon . 

Bai yi watsi da karatun tauhidi ba, har ma a gida suna ta muhawara kan batutuwan tauhidi lokacin cin abinci da abincin dare. Bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa a shekara ta 1774, ya ci gaba da bin fassarar Kiristan Fürchtegott Gellert 's *De religione* har sai da malamin ilimin tauhidi ya kore shi ya yi hakan domin ya ga ayyukan Gellert sun yi wuya a iya fassara shi. Ferenc ya juya a hankali daga tiyoloji zuwa wasu batutuwa na duniya da na ƙasa kuma ya shirya taƙaitaccen bayanin ƙasa. István Losonczi Hányoki's *Small Mirrors guda uku* ya zama misali don aikinsa. Tarin yara ne mai taken *Geography of Hungary...* , wanda daga baya ya bayyana a matsayin "rubuta ba zato ba tsammani" kuma an buga shi a Kassa, Hungary (a yau Košice, Slovakia ) a kudin mahaifiyarsa a 1775. 

### Sarospatak (1769-1779)

A ranar 11 ga Satumba, 1769, ya zama dalibi a Kwalejin Sárospatak inda ya koyar da kansa Tsohon Girkanci . Ya karanta falsafa da shari'a a cikin shekarunsa na farko. A 1773 ya fara koyon rhetoric. Ko a cikin wannan shekara na Disamba ya gai da Janar Count Miklós Beleznay a matsayin mamba na tawagar godiya na kwalejin a Bugyi a kan liyafar musamman na bayar da gudummawar kudi don gina kwalejin.  Sai Kazinczy ya ga kwaro a karon farko. Har zuwa 1775 ya halarci darussan tauhidi a kwalejin kuma daga wani sojan Faransa da ya zo Sárospatak ya koyi Faransanci .

Ya fassara gajeriyar labarin György Bessenyei da aka rubuta da Jamusanci, *Die Amerikaner*, zuwa Hungarian kuma ya buga shi a cikin 1776 a cikin Kassa tare da taken *Az amerikai Podoc és Kazimir keresztyyen vallásra való megtérése* ( *English:*   ). Ya ba mahaifiyarsa shawarar fassararsa.  Wannan aikin ya sanar da shi game da Deism da ka'idar haƙuri ta addini. A cikin fassararsa Kazinczy ya yi amfani da kalmar *világosság* (ma'ana *tsabta*, *lucidity* ) a karo na farko a tarihin harshen Hungarian . Bessenyei ya yi maraba da shi kuma martanin da ya bayar ya zaburar da Kazinczy. Kazinczy ya fahimci amsar Bessenyei a matsayin wasiƙar 'yanci ga sana'ar marubuci.  Ya yi farin cikin samun tuntuɓar ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mawallafa a cikin adabin Hungarian na wancan lokacin. Amma Kazinczy bai zama mabiyin Bessenyei ba, domin Bessenyei a matsayinsa na ɗan siyasan al'adu da falsafa bai balaga ba har ya kai ga ƙirƙirar makarantar adabi. 

Kawun Ferenc ya kasance memba na tawagar Zemplén County a Vienna a gidan sarauta kuma ya dauki matashin Kazinczy tare. Wannan tafiyar ta yi tasiri sosai a gare shi. Wannan dai shi ne karon farko da Kazinczy ya ga birnin na sarki, wanda tarin tarin kayakinsa, musamman hotunansa, suka burge shi gaba daya. 

A lokacin Kazinczy ya bi tunanin Salomon Gessner, Christoph Martin Wieland da Dávid Baróti Szabó . Daga baya ya sami fassarar Sándor Báróczi na Jean-François Marmontel 's *Contes Moraux* ( *English:*   ) daga ma'aikacin ɗakin karatu na Sárospatak, wanda ya zama littafin da ya fi so kuma daga baya ya dauke shi tare da shi zuwa kurkuku. Don haka ya yanke shawarar nemo hanyar da za a shimfiɗa fure a kan ayyukan Báróczi. Abin da ya ba shi sha’awa shi ne sabon salo mai kyau, da tsarar jumloli cikin raha, tsattsauran ra’ayi da tsaftar harshe mai cike da ban mamaki, da bakon Faransanci wanda ya sa fassarar ta gagara fahimta ga masu karatu. Ya nuna wa Kazinczy samfurin don noman belles-lettres na Hungary. Don haka bayan da Bessenyi ya yi masa wahayi da farko ya gano burin rayuwa a matsayin mai fassara da kuma noma harshen Hungarian. 

### Kasa (1779-1780)

Bayan kammala karatunsa ya yi tafiya zuwa Kassa a ranar 9 ga Satumba, 1779, don saduwa da Sámuel Milecz, mai gabatar da kara na Tolna County, inda ya yi digirinsa na shari'a kuma ya fara saduwa da matashin saurayi, Erzsébet Rozgonyi da daya daga cikin abin koyi, Dávid Baróti Szabó. Ya zauna a can har zuwa Oktoba 18. 

Rikicin kallon duniya ya faru ne a lokacin zamansa a Kasa . Ya juya baya ga karatun addini da karatun tauhidi "marasa amfani". Tsakanin 1779 zuwa 1781 Kazinczy ya shiga cikin laic, deist fahimtar addini wanda ba shi da akida. Ƙungiyoyin fasaha na kyau sun maye gurbin abubuwan da suka ɓace na addini. Sha'awar kyawunsa ya zama sha'awarsa, yana cinye dukkan halayensa da ra'ayin duniya. Wani lokaci a cikin 1780 ya fara babban aikin adabi na farko, fassarar rubuce-rubucen Salomon Gessner da sauransu. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka ya buga sigar Hungarian na *Siegwart* a cikin 1783. Saboda fassarorinsa ya sadu da marubutan kasashen waje da yawa kuma ya yi daidai da Gessner, Johann Kaspar Lavater da Daniel Chodowiecki . Alakarsa da fitattun malaman Turai ta sa ya ji an zabe shi. Don haka bayan Rousseau ya bayyana nasa saniyar ware da talakawa. 

A halin yanzu, a cikin 1779, ya sadu da Miklós Révai a Nagyvárad, Hungary (yau Oradea, Romania ). Révai ɗan nahawu ne wanda ya haɓaka nazarin kalmomi bisa ga ƙa'idodin ilimin halittar jiki a cikin harshen Hungarian . Sun zama abokai kuma sau da yawa suna musayar ra'ayoyinsu game da adabi da nahawu ga junansu. 

### Eperjes (1781-1782)

Tsakanin Janairu 11, 1781 da Yuni 2, 1782, ya ci gaba da aikinsa na doka a Eperjes, Hungary (yau Prešov, Slovakia ). Bayan aikinsa, ya dauki lokaci mai yawa tare da fasaha, kuma: rawa, buga sarewa, zane, zane da karatu. Wadanda ya fi so su ne musamman marubutan Jamus. A wannan lokacin a Eperjes ya ƙaunaci "yarinya mai ilimi", 'yar Ninos Steinmetz, wanda ya yi tasiri sosai a kansa. 

### Kwaro (1782-1783)
Ya ci gaba da aikinsa na shari'a a cikin watan Agusta 1782 a cikin Pest inda aka rantsar da shi a matsayin magatakarda na Jozsef Bernáth . A lokacin da yake cikin Pest ya sadu da tsofaffi biyu, fitattun marubuta, Lőrinc Orczy da  . Ráday ya gabatar da shi har ma da ilimin wallafe-wallafen Yamma, amma kuma don godiya ga tsoffin marubutan Hungarian, musamman Miklós Zrínyi . Wannan abota ta haɓaka hazakar Kazinczy sosai kuma ta faɗaɗa hangen nesansa. Har yanzu Kazinczy yana aiki akan fassarorin idylls na Salomon Gessner kuma ya nuna su ga Ráday da Báróczi. Ƙaunar da suka nuna ya ƙara haɓaka burin marubucinsa. Gaskiyar cewa Kazinczy yana aiki da yawa a kan fassarar maudlin na Gessner, idylls na jin daɗi, wani ɓangare na yanayin jin daɗi ya kawo shi a lokacin, amma a daya hannun, Kazinczy ya yi niyya don aiwatar da ƙa'idar Hungarian a cikin nuna motsin rai da kuma bayyana yanayi mai daɗi. 

Ba da daɗewa ba ya sami kansa a cikin rayuwa mai fa'ida ta ilimi da siyasa a cikin Pest kuma ya zama mai sha'awar manufofin Ikilisiya na Yusufu II waɗanda aka haife su cikin ruhin absolutism .

Miklós Beleznay, József Teleki, Gedeon Ráday da László Prónay suna aiki akan shirye-shiryen Patent of Toleration a cikin 1781 daidai lokacin da Kazinczy ya zama amintaccen mutum. A matsayinsa na Furotesta Kazinczy ya yi farin ciki da kasancewa kusa da "gwamnatin 'yancin Furotesta". Manufofin sarki game da juriya na addini, da 'yan jarida, da izinin Furotesta su rike mukamai sun karfafa imaninsa game da hukuncinsa na Freemasonry na gaskata da ruɗi na "haske" da ke fitowa daga sama. Tuni a Miskolc, ya zama memba na kungiyar asiri a farkon 1784 wanda gabaɗaya ya goyi bayan tsarin wayewa. Tana da muhimmiyar rawa wajen gyare-gyaren ɗabi'a da ɗanɗanonsu, ba kamar addinin dā ba, ta kama waɗanda suka rabu da addinan Littafi Mai Tsarki kwanan nan tare da sufi, galibin sufi na halitta. Kazinczy daga baya, a farkon 1790s, ya fara nuna tausayi tare da ra'ayoyin tsarin Illuminati, kuma ya rubuta game da su da ƙwazo ga György Aranka : "Manufofin su shine ... abada camfi, opprimere Tyrannismum, benefacere ( Latin   )... shin ba shine farin cikin rayuwa mafi dadi ba?" 

### Aikin shari'a (1783-1785)

A cikin 1783 ya koma wurin mahaifiyarsa a Alsóregmec, wanda ya ƙarfafa shi ya yi tafiya zuwa Tarnaörs zuwa Baron Lőrinc Orczy don karɓar aiki a matsayin magatakarda mai daraja. A ranar 13 ga Oktoba, 1784, an nada shi wannan aiki sannan kuma a cikin wannan watan ya zama alƙali a gundumar Abaúj . A ranar 29 ga Nuwamba, ya kuma sami mukamin mataimakin notary a gundumar Zemplén, amma ya sami rashin jituwa da babban jami'in notary don haka kusan nan da nan ya rasa matsayinsa.

Count Lajos Török, mahaifin matar Ferenc, shine Darakta-Janar na Makarantar Kassa kuma Babban Jagora na Masonic Lodge na Miskolc kuma abokin Kazinczy. Ranar 16 ga Janairu, 1784, Lajos ya ɗauki Kazinczy a cikin membobin gidan. A matsayinsa na mason, Kazinczy ya san haziƙai da yawa kamar Angelo Soliman da Ignaz Born .

### Mai duba ilimi (1785-1790)

A watan Agustan 1785, ya tafi Vienna don gabatar da kansa ga Ministan Ilimi na Jama'a, Gottfried van Swieten, da kuma neman masu kula da makarantun gundumomi na wadannan Counties : Szepes, Sáros, Zemplén, Ung, Bereg, Gömör, Torna, Abaúj, autozés ézésá da Borsod . Kiskunság . A ranar 11 ga watan Nuwamba aka zabe shi a matsayin wanda ya rike har tsawon shekaru biyar. 

Daga 1785 zuwa 1790 Kazinczy an san shi da "manzon sabunta ilimin Hungarian". A matsayinsa na mai kulawa yana da aiki mai kyau da ake biya da kuma iko mai yawa. Amma ko tsarinsa na shirya makaranta ya sa ya ƙi ikilisiyoyi da ’yan’uwansa na bangaskiya waɗanda ya yi abota da su a farkon shekarun tamanin. Ya zauna a Kasa, ya yi tafiya mai yawa a Upper da Gabashin Hungary, ya kafa makarantu da sarrafawa. Shugabanninsa sun gamsu da shi da sakamakonsa. Ya dauki nauyin makarantu 79 masu aiki yayin da ya fara aiki a matsayinsa. Wannan adadin ya haura da sauri zuwa 124 daga cikinsu 19 makarantun gama gari ne inda daliban da suka fito daga darika daban-daban suka sami tallafin karatu na hadin gwiwa daga jihar. 

A ƙarshe ya gama fassarar idylls na Salomon Gessner kuma ya buga su a cikin littafi ɗaya mai suna *Gessner Idylliumi* a 1788 a Kassa. Gabatarwar ta ta koma lokacin rani 1785 kuma an rubuta shi zuwa Gedeon Ráday. A lokacin da ya yi aiki mai wuya a kan littafin, wanda ya yi tare da kulawa sosai, zai iya dogara ga taimakon marubucin, Salomon Gessner da kuma, bayan mutuwarsa, a kan taimakon matar da mijinta ya mutu. Shine fassarar farko da Kazinczy ya yi fice a duniya kuma ya kawo masa karbuwa da godiya a ƙasashen waje. Ya ba da kulawa ta musamman ga abubuwan da ke ciki da aminci mai salo, daidaito, da kuma kidan harshen.

Gessner's na gargajiya na duniya mara kyau yana bayyana ra'ayin Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock a cikin yanayi na yaudara. Kyakkyawan kyakkyawan fata nasa na tsakiya yana nisantar da duk wata damuwa daga mai karatu. Roccoco motsin zuciyarsa yana da alaƙa da duniyar tunani na Jean-Jacques Rousseau, amma yana da daɗi kuma mafi sauƙi na bayar da sigar wannan. Ta hanyar kau da kai daga wayewa da ja da baya cikin *kyawawan lokutan da suka dace*, Gessner ya soki al'umma, amma a lokaci guda ya kawo mu cikin kyakkyawar manufa ta tsakiyar aji. A matsayinsa na matashi mai wayewa, mai ilimin halin rai, wannan jin daɗin rayuwa ba baƙon abu ba ne a gare shi, amma ya ji daɗi musamman da salon salon aikin. 

Duniyar tunaninsa ta kasance mai tsabta ta hanyar salon rayuwar Kassa, wanda jin dadin zamantakewa ya ji daɗi kamar bikin Masonry wanda yakan halarta. Sha'awarsa ta kasance mai tsauri tsakanin Teréz Radvánszky da Zsuzsanna Kácsándy. Don "kamfanoni masu kyau" da suka taru a cikin saloons na iyalai na Török, Kácsándy da Bárcsay da kuma 'yan mata na Freemasonry ya yi jawabi ga  ( English:   ) a shekara ta 1789. Fassara ce ta Albrecht Christoph Kayser's *Adolfs gesammelte Briefe* wanda ya kasance abin sha na Werther .  Wannan nau'i na fassarar, wanda ya bambanta da ƙa'idar fassarar aminci da aka bi a lokacin ayyukansa a kan *Gessner Idylliumi*, ya kasance na kowa a cikin wallafe-wallafen Hungarian a lokacin, amma ba kamar yadda Kazinczy ya yi a cikin  . Ya motsa siffa da yanayin ainihin littafin Kayser zuwa matsayin abokansa da kuma cikin wuraren taronsu na yau da kullun wanda ya nuna wani misali mai wuyar bayyana kansa a cikin fassarar. A wasu lokuta jarumin nasa ya fito fili yana kai hari a cikin daular a matsayin iyakance 'yanci ga mutane da motsin rai. Buga na farko ya kasance babban nasara a rayuwar jama'ar Hungary. Ádám Pálóczi Horváth, János Földi, Mihály Csokonai Vitéz, Sándor Kisfaludy, Mihailo Vitković da Benedek Virág sun yi maraba da shi.  Duk da haka Kazinczy kuma ya sami suka daga marubuta masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma daga malamansa a Sárospatak . 

A ranar 13 ga Nuwamba, 1787 Kazinczy tare da Dávid Szabó Baróti da János Batsányi domin tsara ƙungiyoyin adabin Hungarian na wancan zamanin sun kafa *gidan tarihi na Magyar* na lokaci-lokaci. Wannan ita ce mujalla ta adabi ta farko a cikin harshen Hungarian . Amma tuni bayan bugu na farko Kazinczy ya shiga muhawara kan irin alkiblar da suke son ba wa jaridarsu ta lokaci-lokaci. Kazinczy ya ba da shawarar lakabin *Magyar Parnassus* maimakon *Gidan kayan tarihi na Magyar* kuma ya yi tunanin wata mujalla mai kama da belles-lettres tare da fassarori da masu suka. Batsányi yana so ya ƙirƙiri wata jarida ta gama-gari kuma mai amfani. Bahasin ya kara dagula musu rashin jituwar siyasa. Kazinczy ɗan Josephinist, mabiyin Joseph II . Ba kamar Batsányi da aka sani da ɗan ƙungiyar kawo sauyi ba. Ba da daɗewa ba Kazinczy ya bar editan jaridar lokaci-lokaci. 

Daya daga cikin mawuyacin lokacin rayuwarsa ya zo yayin da Kazinczy ya kamu da rashin lafiya mai tsanani wanda a ranar 31 ga Mayu, 1789 ya yi watsi da rayuwarsa. A Kassa mutane sun riga sun yi magana game da mutuwarsa. Amma ba zato ba tsammani ya samu sauki kuma cikin sauri ya murmure. 

A cikin Nuwamba 1789 Kazinczy ya kafa nasa littafin lokaci-lokaci kuma ya sanya shi *Orpheus* bayan sunan Freemason na kansa.  A lokacin aikinsa tsakanin 1789 da 1792 lambobi 8 kawai aka buga a cikin juzu'i 2. Ya rubuta kasidunsa a karkashin sunan *Vince Széphalmy* . Kazinczy ya fuskanci matsaloli guda biyu da suka yi barazana ga wanzuwar mujallarsa kuma ta kai ga rufe ta. Da farko bayan manufarsa na inganta harshen Hungarian a daidai matakin ya kuma yada ra'ayoyin Voltaire da sauran masana falsafa na Freemason . Na biyu, *Orpheus* nasa bai shahara kamar *gidan kayan tarihi na Magyar* ba kuma ba ya dawwama a harkar kuɗi a cikin dogon lokaci. Shekaru biyu bayan *Orpheus*, *Gidan kayan tarihi na Magyar* kuma ya daina a 1794 saboda ana zargin masu editocinsa da kasancewa membobin ƙungiyar Jacobin na Ignác Martinovics . 

An kawo Crown Mai Tsarki zuwa Hungary a cikin 1790. Kazinczy ya kasance memba na Crown Guard. A cikin dakin kambi, a matsayin memba na Mai Tsaron Daraja na Abaúj County, ya fassara Friedrich Ludwig Schröder 's *Hamlet* kuma ya rubuta wasiƙarsa zuwa László Prónay, Ispán na Csanád, a cikin abin da ya yi magana game da aikin Hungarian. Ya tafi Kassa, daga baya kuma ya tafi Buda a lokacin da kokarin aikin Hungarian ya tsananta a can. Tsakanin Satumba da Oktoba a shekara ta 1790 ya fara shirya tare da taimakon Pál Ráday wasan kwaikwayo a Buda a cikin harshen Hungarian. Duk da haka, dole ne ya tafi gida saboda al'amuransa na hukuma. 

In his *Hadi és*  *( English:  Military and Other Remarkable Stories)* ) ya goyi bayan *yaren ɗalibi* (harshen Latin) kuma daga baya ya buga wani labari mai ban sha'awa don goyon bayan shigar da harshen Hungarian a makarantu da rayuwar jama'a. 

Bayan mutuwar Yusufu II tsarin farko ya ruguje. Sarki na gaba, Leopold II ya soke *makarantun gama gari* a 1791 kuma an soke ofishin Kazinczy. Ya rasa aikinsa saboda dalilin cewa " *Ni ba Roman Katolika ba ne* ", ya rubuta daga baya a cikin wasika. 

Ba ya son sake neman aiki a matsayin jami'in. Amma bisa roƙon mahaifiyarsa da kawunsa, András Kazinczy, ya yi tafiya zuwa Vienna a ranar 7 ga Mayu don ganawa da sarkin da ke cikin Pisa a lokacin. Kazinczy ya koma Pest a cikin jirgi, kuma bayan kwana goma ya tafi Székesfehérvár don ya sadu da Benedek Virág da Ádám Pálóczi Horváth. Daga nan ne ya dawo Vienna, inda yarima mai jiran gado Francis ya tarbe shi a ranar 15 ga watan Agusta, amma ba a ji bukatarsa ba. A Vienna Kazinczy ya yi abota da József Hajnóczy. Kazinczy ya isa gida a ranar 10 ga Satumba kuma ya yi hunturu a Alsóregmec . 

### Alsóregmec (1791-1794)

Bayan mutuwar Leopold II magajinsa, Francis I, ya hau karagar mulki. Ya kira taron majalisar kasa a Buda . A cikin Mayu 1792 Kazinczy ya zauna a cikin ƙananan majalisa a matsayin wakilin Baron Ferenc Vécsey. A ranar 17 ga watan Yuni ya je wurin sarki don neman mukamin sakatare na zauren gidan sarauta. Amma Jozsef Hajnóczy ya riga ya tanadi wannan ofishin.

Bayan kammala Majalisar Kazinczy ya koma gida ya yi aiki a Alsóregmec na tsawon shekara daya da rabi har zuwa 1794. Wannan lokacin rayuwarsa ya kasance mai amfani musamman. Ya buga daya bayan daya fassararsa da na asali: *Helikoni virágok 1791.* *esztendőre* ( English:   *.​*​*​*​ Bugu da ƙari, ya buga tatsuniyoyi na Gotthold Ephraim Lessing a cikin fassarar abokinsa János Aszalai tare da nasa karbuwa a kan kansa. Ya fassara kuma: *Helikoni virágok* juzu'i na 2, waƙoƙin 10 na farko na Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock 's *Der Messias* in prose, wani ɓangare na Christoph Martin Wieland 's *Die Gratien*, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing 's *Emilia Galotti*, William Shakespeare 's *Macbeth*, Johann Goüder *<nowiki/>'s* *Egg* 's da *Johanne* Wolfgang, wasanni biyu daga Molière : *Le Mariage force* da *Le Médecin malgré lui*, Pietro Metastasio 's *Temistocle* ; idylls daga Salomon Gessner sau 15 da aka bita da kuma wasan falsafa na Samuel Christian Hollmann *Die Oekonomie der Natur* . 

A wannan lokacin ya fuskanci cewa an soke manufofin Yusufu na II da dama waɗanda aka haifa a cikin ruhun Absolutism kuma ya yi tunanin cewa tsarin ya canza zuwa hanyar da ba ta dace ba. Ya kai hari mai tsanani kan tsarin da ake da shi a cikin fassarar Christoph Martin Wieland 's *Sokrates mainomenos oder die Dialoge des Diogenes von Sinope* wanda aka buga a 1793. Mahimman ra'ayinsa na duniya yana nunawa a cikin littafin tare da girman kai na malamai, da watsi da al'ummar da take da ita, da kubuta daga wannan duniya. Da sauri aka hana shi. 

Menyhért Szulyovszky, memba na Ignác Martinovics 's Jacobin motsi, ya mika masa *Forradalmi Káté* ( English:   ) a lokacin taron kananan hukumomi. A kan bikin rantsar da shugaban Ispán na Nagykároly (yau Carei, Romania ), Ferenc Kazinczy da ɗan'uwansa Dienes Kazinczy sun yi gardama, tare da Ferenc Szentmarjay da György Szlávy, tare da shiga ƙungiyar Ignác Martinovics ta Jacobin . A farkon Kazinczy ya ji rashin tsaro don kwafin *Forradalmi Káté*, amma Szentmarjay ya kawar da damuwarsa. Kazinczy ya ji daɗin ra'ayin "juyin juya halin rashin jini" wanda ƙungiyar ta yada. 

### A cikin bauta (1794-1801)

An kama shi a ranar 14 ga Disamba, 1794, a gidan mahaifiyarsa a Alsóregmec . An kawo shi Buda kuma ya jira hukunci a gidan sufi na Franciscan na Buda. A ranar 8 ga Mayu, 1795, kotun jini ta yanke masa hukuncin kisa kuma an kwashe shanunsa. Hukumar ta mutum bakwai ce ta tabbatar da hukuncin. Sati uku ya rayu a inuwar tabbatacciyar mutuwa. Sannan wani bangare da 'yan uwansa suka shiga tsakani, sarki ya canja hukuncin daurin zuwa gidan yari na wani lokaci mara tabbas. 

Ya zauna a Buda har zuwa 27 ga Satumba. Sai aka kai shi Brünn (yau Brno, Jamhuriyar Czech ), a cikin kurkuku na Špilberk Castle inda ya isa a ranar 7 ga Oktoba. Yana zaune a gidan yari mai danshi, kuma ya yi rashin lafiya har ya kasa tashi daga kan gadon da yake kwanciya. Wani lokaci ana dauke masa kayan aikin sa; sa'an nan ya rubuta da tsatsa fenti kuma da wuya da jininsa. Ya yi amfani da guntun gwangwani da aka cuɗa daga tagar a matsayin alkalami. Sa’ad da aka ƙyale shi ya yi amfani da alkalami da tawada ya zauna a teburinsa ya gyara fassararsa na farko ko kuma yana aiki da sababbi.  Daga baya yanayin rayuwarsa ya inganta. A kan odar Archduke Joseph an sanya shi a bene na sama a ranar 21 ga Disamba inda zai iya zama da kuɗin kansa kuma zai iya amfani da littattafansa.

Ranar 6 ga Janairu, 1796, an kai shi kurkukun Obrowitz (yau Zábrdovice, Jamhuriyar Czech) kusa da Brno, kuma a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 1799, an sake tura shi zuwa sansanin Kufstein .

Ranar 30 ga Yuni, 1800, masu garkuwa da shi suna tsoron sojojin Faransa masu zuwa, an kai shi da farko zuwa Bratislava sannan zuwa Pest kuma a ƙarshe zuwa Munkács (yau Mukachevo, Ukraine ).

A ranar 28 ga Yuni, 1801, Kazinczy ya sami afuwa daga sarki, wanda ya 'yantar da shi kuma ya ba shi damar komawa gida. Ya shafe jimlar kwanaki 2387 (kimanin shekaru 6½) a gidan yari. Ya dawwamar da wannan sashe na rayuwarsa a cikin littafinsa *Fogságom naplója* ( *English:*   ). 

### Bayan shekaru
 

Bayan an sako shi daga zaman talala ’yan uwansa marubuta sun yi masa maraba da murna. Amma Kazinczy ya janye daga jama'a.

Lokacin da aka daure shi, darajar kadarorinsa ya kai kusan dubu ashirin, wanda aka kashe wani muhimmin bangare na kudin da aka yi garkuwa da shi. Ba shi da komai face gonar inabinsa da tudunsa a Kisbányácska kusa da Sátoraljaújhely wanda ya kira *Széphalom* ( *English:*   ). A cikin hunturu na 1804 ya sake yin rashin lafiya mai tsanani, amma ya yi sa'a, babban likitan Debrecen, József Szentgyörgyi, ya warkar da shi a wannan shekarar. Szentgyörgyi ya zama abokinsa kuma saboda haka sun yi rubutu da yawa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.
## Manazarta