John Jakes

**John William Jakes** (Maris 31, 1932 - Maris 11, 2023) marubuci ne ɗan Amurka, wanda aka fi sani da almarar tarihi da tatsuniyoyi . Littafinsa na Yaƙin Basasa na Amurka mai *suna North and South*, ya sayar da miliyoyin kwafi a duk duniya. Shi ne kuma marubucin The Kent Family Chronicles . Jakes ya yi amfani da sunan alkalami **Jay Scotland** da sauransu.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Jakes a Chicago, Illinois, a ranar 31 ga Maris, 1932.   Ya fara sayar da labarai ga mujallun pulp yayin da yake kwaleji a farkon shekarun 1950.  Jakes ya yi karatun rubuce-rubuce masu kirkire-kirkire a Jami'ar DePauw da ke Greencastle, Indiana, inda ya kasance memba na Sigma Alpha Epsilon, ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1953. Daga nan ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin adabin Amurka daga Jami'ar Jihar Ohio . Shi da Rachel, waɗanda suka yi aure tsawon watanni 13 a lokacin, sun bayyana a shirin wasan kwaikwayo *na Beat the Clock* a ranar 23 ga Agusta, 1952. Duk da cewa sun kasa kammala zagayen Bonus, Rachel ta lashe kyautar talabijin ta Sylvania "Jefferson" mai girman inci 20.  A shekarar 1961, Jakes ya koma Dayton, Ohio . Ya zauna a can tsawon shekaru goma kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai rubuta kwafi a wasu hukumomin talla yayin da yake rubuta labaran almara da daddare da kuma a ƙarshen mako.  A shekarar 1971, ya fara rubutu cikakken lokaci.

## Aikin rubutu

*Labarin Al'ajabi Mai Ban Mamaki*, wanda Sam Merwin ya shirya, ya buga wasiƙu biyu daga Jakes daga 1949 zuwa 1950, kuma an buga labaransa guda biyu a cikin mujallun pulp wanda Howard Browne ya shirya a ƙarshen 1950, *The Dreaming Trees* ( *Fantastic Adventures*, Nuwamba) da "Your Number Is Up!" ( *Amazing Stories*, Disamba). Jakes ya sayar da ɗan gajeren labarinsa na farko (kalmomi 1,500) a 1950. 

An buga ƙarin labarai ashirin da takwas na almara na Jakes daga 1951 zuwa 1953. [1] Sannan ya buga labarai da dama da littattafai da dama a cikin shekaru ashirin bayan kammala jami'a, da yawa daga cikinsu almara ne, almarar kimiyya da ta yamma, da sauran nau'ikan almarar tarihi .

A wannan lokacin, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar Swordsmen and Wircers' Guild of America (SAGA), ƙungiyar marubutan tatsuniyoyi masu ban sha'awa da aka kafa a shekarun 1960 kuma Lin Carter ke jagoranta. Membobi takwas na asali an zaɓe su da kansu bisa ga cancantar tatsuniyoyi kawai. Sun nemi haɓaka shahara da girmamawa na ƙaramin nau'in " Sword and Wircery " (kamar Brak the Barbarian stories na Jakes).

Jakes ya sami karbuwa sosai bayan buga littafinsa na *Kent Family Chronicles*, wanda ya zama littafin da ya fi sayar da littattafai na Amurka a tsakiyar shekarun 1970 zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1970,  ya sayar da kwafi miliyan 55. Daga baya ya buga wasu shahararrun ayyukan almara na tarihi, waɗanda suka fi mayar da hankali kan tarihin Amurka, ciki har da jerin littattafan *Arewa da Kudu* game da Yaƙin Basasa na Amurka, wanda ya sayar da kwafi miliyan 10 kuma aka daidaita shi azaman ƙaramin jerin shirye-shiryen ABC .

A shekarar 1988, an fara nuna fim ɗin Jakes mai *suna "A Christmas Carol"* na Charles Dickens a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na gidansa da ke Hilton Head Island . Tun daga lokacin ya shahara wajen shirya shi ta hanyar jami'o'i da gidajen sinima na yanki da dama, ciki har da bikin Alabama Shakespeare . 

A watan Satumba na 2013, an nada Jakes a matsayin gwarzon adabi na Florida a bikin littattafai da taron marubuta na Florida da aka gudanar a St. Augustine, Florida . 

## Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa
Jakes yana zaune a Bird Key a Sarasota, Florida, tare da matarsa, Rachel, wacce ya aura tun daga 1951. Suna da 'ya'ya huɗu manya: Andrea, Dr. Ellen, J. Michael, da Victoria. 

Jakes ya mutu a Sarasota a ranar 11 ga Maris, 2023, yana da shekaru 90.  

## Ayyuka

### Manyan littattafai

#### Tarihin Iyalin Kent