open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Nikolay Borisov

(Russian: Николай Андреевич Борисов, Ukrainian: Микола Андрійович Бористов; 11 ga Oktoba, 1889 - 3 ga Satumba, 1937) marubucin Soviet ne na Ukraine wanda aka fi sani da wani labari mai ban sha'awa  wanda shine tushen shahararren fim din 1925  [uk; pl; ru; sh] wanda Pyotr Chardynin ya jagoranta. Ya rubuta littattafansa a cikin Rasha, amma nan da nan aka fassara su cikin Ukrainian.

Ya kammala karatu daga  , da kuma Makarantar Soja ta Kiev [uk; ru] kuma ya yi yaƙi a Yaƙin Duniya na I, yana samun kayan ado na soja. A lokacin Yaƙin basasar Rasha, na ɗan gajeren lokaci ya kasance tare da White Army, sannan ya shiga Red Army.

Ya rubuta litattafan kasada da ya kira "cinema-novels" (cinema novels), sanannen tsari a waɗannan lokutan. A cikin 1920s ya yi aiki a matsayin marubuci a cikin fina-finai na Odesa da Yalta .  Ya san harsuna da yawa na kasashen waje kuma ya kasance mai sha'awar Esperanto, wanda ya kasance hujja ga rashin lafiyarsa. An kama shi kuma an kashe shi a shekarar 1937, an zarge shi da shiga cikin "kungiyar Trotskyite mai adawa da juyin juya hali tsakanin Esperantists".

## Ayyuka

* 1925: "Ukrazia" (Ukraziya, Ukrasia), fim-novel (cinema novel, Sin-roman) 
* 1925: Janar daga wannan haske, wani ɗan gajeren fim da ya ɓace, ya rubuta rubutun tare da Vladimir Vajnshtok  
*: nau'in lokaci: Janar na Sojojin Daular Rasha ya farka a Tarayyar Soviet
* 1927: Green Apples: A Collective Novel pseudotranslation "daga harshen Amurka na Nikolay Borisov", wanda ake zargin Kornelius Krok ne ya rubuta shi; a zahiri "bouts-rimés-novel" ne, haɗin sassan fassarorin shahararrun litattafai 17 The subtitle "Collective Novel" ne parody on the real tradition of the crowdwritten literactions of the time 
*: pseudotranslation "daga harshen Amurka na Nikolay Borisov", wanda ake zargin Kornelius Krok ne ya rubuta shi; a zahiri "littafi ne na farko-rimés-novel", wani haɗin sashi ne na fassarorin shahararrun litattafai 17
*: Taken "Collective Novel" wani abu ne mai ban dariya game da al'adun da aka rubuta a lokacin 
* 1927: *Kalma bayan naga.* , cine-novel Subtitled "Daga rayuwar mai ba da labari a lokacin yakin basasa na 1918 г. "Daga rayuwa ta White Guard lieutenant a lokacin yakin farar hula na 1918]
*: Subtitled "Daga rayuwar mai ba da izini a lokacin yakin basasa na 1918 г. [Daga rayuwar janar na White Guard a lokacin yakin farar hula na 1918]
* 1928: Birnin ya rayu! *Wani labari daga zamanin 1871* 
* 1929: "Quetvergi мистера Дройда", fim-novel, wani ci gaba ga "Ukrasia" da aka kafa a nan gaba  Labarin ya faru ne a cikin wata ƙasa mai zaman kanta ta gaba inda aka kirkiro cikakken ikon sarrafa hankali, kuma "Kwamitin Ceton Dan Adam" ke sarrafa 'yan ƙasa
*: Labarin ya faru ne a kasar jari-hujja ta gaba inda aka kirkiro cikakken iko da hankali, kuma "Kwamitin Ceton Dan Adam" ne ke sarrafa 'yan ƙasa.

## Manazarta
Yanka Maur

**Janka Maŭr** ( Belarusian   ; Latvian   ; Russian   ; **Yanka Mavr** ; 11 ga Mayu 1883 - 3 ga Agusta 1971  ) marubuci ne na Soviet da Belarusian, mai fassara kuma marubucin wasan kwaikwayo. Janka Maŭr a zahiri shine sunan barkwanci nasa saboda ainihin sunansa shine **Ivan Michajłavič Fiodaraŭ** (Belarushian: Іва́н Міха́йлавіч Фёдараў). Ɗansa, Fiodar Fiodaraŭ, sanannen masanin kimiyyar lissafi ne na Belarus.

An haife shi a Liepāja, Courland, Latvia amma ya girma a ƙauyen Belarus na Lebianiški (yanzu Lithuania). Ya kammala karatu daga makarantar sana'a a Kaunas, sannan ya shiga makarantar koyarwa a shekara ta 1899, amma an kore shi saboda kasancewa memba na kulob din juyin juya halin karkashin kasa. Duk da haka a cikin 1903 ya wuce dukkan jarrabawar a matsayin dalibi wanda ba mazaunin ba kuma ya zama malamin makarantar sakandare. A shekara ta 1906 ya shiga cikin taron karkashin kasa na malaman Belarus, wanda sanannen marubucin Belarus Yakubu Kolas ya shirya.

Bayan kama shi, ba zai iya aiki a matsayin malami ba. Ya sake koyarwa ne kawai a 1911, ya zama malamin ilimin ƙasa da tarihi a wata makaranta mai zaman kanta a Minsk. Ya yi aiki a cikin nau'o'in wallafe-wallafen daban-daban: satirical, tarihi, yara, da dai sauransu. Littafin da aka fi sani da shi shine *Amok*, amma littafin da ya fi sayarwa kuma watakila mafi sananne shine *[[Polesia]] Robinsons* . Baya ga rubuce-rubuce, ya kuma fassara labaru zuwa yaren Belarus daga marubutan kasashen waje da yawa, ciki har da Jules Verne, Victor Hugo, Anton Chekhov, da Mark Twain, da sauransu.

## Littattafai

* *Mutumin Yana Zuwa* (*Mutumin YZ*) 1924
* *A cikin Ƙasar Tsuntsu na Aljanna* (У краіне райскай пту基) 1926
* *Ɗan Ruwa* (*Ɗan Vada*) 1927
* *Amok* (Amok) 1928
* *Tafiyar zuwa Jahannama* (Padarji ў пекла) 1928
* *Polesia Robinsons* (Paleскія Рабінзоны) 1929
* *Labarin Kwanaki Masu Zuwa* (Aпове будучых дзён) 1932
* A ko'ina cikin Duniya (Yana da Haske) 1947
* *TVT* (*TVT*) 1934, 1949
* *Daga Duhu* 1920, 1956-1958
* FantamobilofProfessor Cyliakouski (Fantham моodi прафесара Tsыля Vanessa) 1955

## Manazarta
Vladimir Varankin

**Vladimir Valentinovich Varankin** (Russian; 12 ga Nuwamba 1902 - 3 ga Oktoba 1938) marubucin Soviet ne na adabi a Esperanto, malami ne na tarihin yammacin Turai, kuma darektan Moscow Ped . Cibiyar harsunan kasashen waje. Ya rubuta littafin *Metropoliteno.*

## Tarihin iyali
An haifi Varankin a Nizhny Novgorod, a cikin dangin ma'aikacin ofis. Ya kasance dan kabilar Rasha. Mahaifinsa Valentin Yegorovich Varankin (ya mutu a shekara ta 1921), ya gudanar da bankin ajiya har sai an dauke shi cikin Red Army. Mahaifiyar Varankin, Nina Alekseyevna (ta mutu a shekara ta 1953), ta kasance mai kula da ɗakin karatu. Baya ga Vladimir, iyalin suna da wasu 'ya'ya maza biyu: Yuriy (an haife shi a 1906, ya mutu a 1988) da Vyacheslav (an haifee shi a 1916), wanda har yanzu yana da rai shekaru da yawa da suka gabata.

## Koyon Esperanto, aikin Esperanto na farko
A cikin shekarar karshe ta karatu a makarantar sakandare ta gari (1919), ya fara koyon Esperanto tare da abokai da yawa, yara maza da mata. Tare da abokansa matasa, nan da nan ya kafa wani karamin birni na matasa Esperantists, wanda daga baya ya canza zuwa lardin (gubernia). Dukansu a cikin birni da kuma a cikin gubernia wannan ƙungiyar ta gudanar da wani shiri mai aiki: a cikin ƙasa da shekara ƙungiyar ta sami nasarar shirya darussan Esperanto guda shida a cikin birnin kanta, sel arba'in da ƙananan da'irori a duk gubernia, kuma ban da haka, a wurare da yawa, (tare da taimakon masu koyar da Esperanto na gida) har ma don koyar da harshen duniya a makarantu.

## Ayyuka na farko

## Ayyukan gudanarwa na Esperanto
Ya ci gaba da sauri a cikin SEU. A taron farko na SEU (1923, Moscow) an zabi Varankin a matsayin memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na taron kuma an sake zabarsa a matsayin memba ne na kwamitin tsakiya. A ƙarshen 1925 jaridar *[[Mezhdunarodny Yazyk]]* (Harshe na Duniya) ta fara buga jerin darussansa da hanyoyinsa don tallata Esperanto, wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa 1926. Daga cikin sauran abubuwa ya sanya babban jaddada ba kawai a kan talla ba amma a kan amfani mai amfani. Kwamitin tsakiya na SEU ya ba shi izinin jagorantar kokarin yada labarai.

## Littattafan Esperanto
A shekara ta 1929 ya rubuta littafin Teorio de Esperanto (Theory of Esperanto) kuma bayan shekara guda kuma littafin Esperanto por laboristoj (Esperanto for Workers). An zabi Vladimir Varankin tun daga farko a matsayin memba na kwamitin sakatare, daga baya darektan sashen shirya, mataimakin shugaban kasa kuma a ƙarshe babban sakatare na kwamitin SEU na Rasha. Ya zama cikakken memba na kwamitin harshe a SEU kuma memba na kwaminin harshe a Akademio de Esperanto (Academy of Esperanto).

A cikin 1932 a Nova Etapo (New Stage) an bayyana surori da yawa daga *Metropoliteno* a ƙarƙashin taken *Barikadoj* (Barricades).

## Manazarta
Lev Zhirkov

**Lev Ivanovich Zhirkov** (Russian; 19 Maris 1885, Moscow - 4 Disamba 1963, Moscow) masanin ilimin Soviet ne na Rasha, ƙwararre a cikin harsunan Farisa da Caucasian,  da kuma Esperantist.  Ɗan'uwan Elisheva Bikhovski.

## Manazarta
Francisco Azorín Izquierdo

**Francisco Azorín Izquierdo** (12 Satumba 1885, Monforte na Moyuela  - 27 Disamba 1975; Mexico ) ɗan siyasan Spain ne. Ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan masu tayar da kayar baya na Jam'iyyar Socialist Workers Party (PSOE) a lardin Córdoba . 

Azorín Izquierdo ɗan Guardia Civil ne daga lardin Alicante . Ya yi karatu a Cibiyar Janar da Técnico a Teruel . A shekara ta 1902 ya koma Madrid, don yin karatu a Escuela Superior de Arquitectura . A wannan shekarar ya shiga PSOE . A Madrid ya yi abota da shugaban gurguzu Pablo Iglesias . Shekaru takwas bayan haka ya koma Teruel, kuma ya fara koyarwa a Instituto General y Técnico . 

Da yake yana da ƙwarewa a Turanci, Faransanci da Jamusanci, Azorín Izquierdo ya bi Iglesias a abubuwan da suka faru a duniya daga 1910 zuwa gaba.

A cikin 1912 Azorín Izquierdo ya koma Málaga, don yin aiki a matsayin masanin gine-gine a can don hukumar gwamnati. A watan Yulin 1912 ya auri Carmen Poch Puga . Daga nan sai ya koma Córdoba, inda aka yi masa kwangila a matsayin jami'in gwamnati. Ya zama mai aiki a siyasa a cikin ƙungiyar gurguzu ta gida, yana magana a taron matasa na Socialist a cikin birni a shekara ta 1914.  Ya zama memba na kwamitin kasa na Matasan Socialist . 

Azoín Izquierdo ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kungiyar jam'iyyar Córdoba da lardin a lokuta da yawa, tare da jagorantar Tarayyar Citizens da ƙungiyar ma'aikatan gona ta lardin. A cikin 1919 da 1923 ya tsaya a matsayin dan takara a zaben majalisar dokoki na kasa. Amma a cikin waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka ya fuskanci cin zarafi da zamba na zaɓe kuma an hana shi zaɓe. Ya kuma tsaya a matsayin dan takara na majalisar birni, amma ma'aikatansa sun umarce shi ya yi aiki a Las Palmas de Gran Canaria kafin zaben. Azorín Izquierdo ya ki ya tafi tare da turawa kuma ya kasance a matsayin dan takara. An zabe shi kuma ya yi aiki a cikin majalisa har zuwa 1922. A shekara ta 1922 ya kasa sake zabarsa.

Tsakanin 1917 da 1927 ya yi aiki a matsayin masanin gine-gine mai zaman kansa (tare da aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin mashahurin gine-gine na gari a Ecija). Ya haɓaka salon gine-gine mai zaman kansa da kuma salon kansa, tare da hangen nesa na zamantakewa. A farkon shekarun 1930, ya buɗe wata hukumar gine-gine a Madrid tare da José Mauro de Murga Serret . 

Tsakanin 1928 da 1931 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai magana da yawun PSOE. A shekara ta 1931 an sake zabarsa a majalisar birnin Córdoba, kuma a wannan shekarar an zabe shi a majalisar dokokin Spain. Ya kasa sake zabarsa a majalisa a 1933, a tsakiyar rikice-rikice na cikin gida a cikin jam'iyyar a Andalusia. 

Azorín Izquirdo, wani ɓangare na matsakaiciyar reshe na PSOE, ya shiga rikici tare da ƙungiyar jam'iyyarsa ta lardin. An hana shi tikiti a zaben 'yan majalisa na 1936 a sakamakon haka. A shekara ta 1938 ya koma Faransa, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin wakilin Mutanen Espanya a Tarbes da Toulouse . A shekara ta 1939 ya yi hijira zuwa Veracruz, Mexico. Tare da 'ya'yansa maza, mun yi aiki a kan abin tunawa na kasa don girmama Lázaro Cárdenas (wanda aka kaddamar a 1974). 

## Manazarta
Jorge Camacho (marubuci)

**Jorge Camacho Cordón** (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba 1966, Zafra) marubuci ne a Esperanto da Mutanen Espanya.

An haifi Camacho a Zafra, Spain kuma ya koyi Esperanto a shekarar 1980. Ya kasance memba na Kwalejin Esperanto daga 1992 har zuwa 2001. Tun daga shekara ta 1995 ya yi aiki a Brussels a matsayin mai fassara ga Tarayyar Turai daga Turanci da Finnish zuwa Mutanen Espanya.

An zabi Camacho a Kwalejin Esperanto a shekarar 1992, amma a ranar 15 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2001 ya sanar da murabus dinsa saboda takaici da ƙungiyar Esperanto. Koyaya, ya ci gaba da aiki a Esperanto kuma yana ci gaba da sake nazarin ayyukan wallafe-wallafen.

## Ayyuka
Camacho ya zama sananne saboda waƙoƙinsa da gajerun labaru a ƙarshen shekarun 1980, wanda ya sami kyaututtuka da yawa a cikin *Belartaj Konkursoj na UEA* . A shekara ta 1992 ya lashe Kyautar Grabowski, kyautar ga matasa marubuta da ke rubutawa a Esperanto. An ba da kyautar ne bayan Antoni Grabowski.

Camacho ya kasance a farkon shekarun 1990s an dauke shi memba na abin da ake kira *Ibera Skolo* ("Makarantar Iberian") na marubutan Esperanto tare da wasu mazauna uku na Yankin Iberian.

A cikin shekarun 1990s, Camacho ya fara adawa da Giorgio Silfer a bainar jama'a saboda fassarar ra'ayin siyasa "Raumism". Ya rubuta La *Majstro kaj Martinelli* ("The Master and Martinelli"), wani satire mai banƙyama na Silfer (wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi da irin wannan littafin Mikhail Bulgakov), kuma ya soki akidar sa a cikin La liturgio de la foiro ("The Liturgy of the Fair").

### Waƙoƙi a cikin Esperanto

* Ibere libere (tare da Miguel Fernández, Gonçalo Neves da Liven Dek, sunan Miguel Gutiérrez, 1993) 
* *Celakantoj* (*Coelacanths*; waƙoƙin da aka rubuta a Esperanto c. 1989-1995, 2004) 
* *Saturn* (*Saturn*; tarin waƙoƙi na harsuna biyu da aka rubuta a cikin Mutanen Espanya da Esperanto c. 1995-2004, 2004) 
* *Eklipsas* ([Ya] eclipses; tarin waƙoƙi da aka rubuta galibi a cikin Esperanto 2004-2006, tare da fassarori zuwa Mutanen Espanya, 2007) 
* *Koploj kaj filandroj* (waƙoƙi da aka rubuta a Esperanto, 2009) 
* *A cikin zurfi* (2013) 
* *Strangaj spikoj* (2016) 
* *Palasdinawa strangolata* (2016) 
* *Brulvunde* (2017) 
* *Gadir* (harsuna biyu, 2025) 

## Haɗin waje

* Jorge Camacho blog a cikin Mutanen Espanya
* Jorge Camacho blog a cikin Esperanto
* Works by Jorge CamachoaShirin Gutenberg
* Works by or about Jorge Camachoa cikinTarihin Intanet
Elizabeth Salamatu Forgor

**Elizabeth Salamatu Forgor** jami'ar diflomasiyyar Ghana ce kuma memba ce ta New Patriotic Party of Ghana . Ta kasance Babban Kwamishinan Ghana a Namibia tsakanin 2017 da 2025.  

## Siyasa
A shekara ta 2003, ta yi takara kuma ta rasa zaben fidda gwani na New Patriotic Party a mazabar Bole don wakiltar jam'iyyarta a Babban Zabe na Ghana na 2004. [1]

## Naɗin jakadan
A watan Yulin 2017, Shugaba Nana Akuffo-Addo ya nada Elizabeth Forgor a matsayin jakadan Ghana a Namibia. Ta kasance daga cikin wasu fitattun 'yan Ghana guda ashirin da biyu waɗanda aka nada su don jagorantar ayyukan diflomasiyyar Ghana daban-daban a duniya.

## Manazarta
Mercy Bampo Addo

Mercy Bampo Addo jami'in diflomasiyyar Ghana ce kuma memba ne na New Patriotic Party of Ghana .  A halin yanzu ita ce Babban Kwamishinan Ghana a Malta, bayan da ta hau mulki a watan Yulin 2017.  Tsakanin shekara ta 2003 zuwa 2009 ta kasance Mataimakin Minista kuma marubuciyar jawabi ga Shugaban Ghana . 

## Ayyuka
Ta koyar da Tarihi da Harkokin Yanzu a matakin makarantar sakandare na tsawon shekaru uku da rabi. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da alaƙa da jama'a sama da shekaru ashirin da farko a masana'antar koko ta Ghana sannan daga baya, a Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Gudanar da Jama'a ta Ghana (GIMPA). 

Daga baya, Addo ta sauya zuwa sadarwa ta gwamnati, ta dauki matsayi a Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Gudanar da Jama'a ta Ghana (GIMPA), inda ta kula da alaƙar jama'a da ayyukan gudanarwa masu alaƙa.

## Ilimi
Bampo Addo ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Ghana, Legon, kuma tana da digiri na biyu a cikin shugabanci da jagoranci, Digiri na Digiri a cikin Jarida da Sadarwa da kuma digiri na girmamawa a Tarihi. 

Daga baya ta ci gaba da karatun digiri na biyu inda ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanarwa da jagoranci daga Cibiyar Gudanarwa ta Ghana da Gudanar da Jama'a. Bayan kammala karatun digiri na farko, Bampo Addo ta koyar da Tarihi da Harkokin Yanzu a matakin makarantar sakandare na shekaru uku da rabi, tana amfani da horar da ita a cikin saitunan ilimi.

## Naɗin jakadan
A watan Yulin 2017, Shugaban Ghana Nana Akufo-Addo ya kira Mercy Bampo Addo a matsayin jakadan Ghana a Malta. Ta kasance daga cikin wasu fitattun 'yan Ghana 22 waɗanda aka nada su don jagorantar ayyukan diflomasiyya daban-daban a duniya.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Mercy Bampo Addo ta auri Farfesa Samuel Tetteh Addo, farfesa a fannin ilimin ƙasa a Jami'ar Ghana. Suna da 'ya'ya biyar.

### Mutumin jama'a da abubuwan da suke so
Ayyukan Bampo Addo suna tallafawa mata da matasa masu rauni a cikin al'ummomin da suka talau ta hanyar taimaka musu samun bashi da kayan aiki masu alaƙa da aiki don bunkasa yawan amfanin su da kuma samar da tattalin arziki. Bugu da ƙari, tana ba da shawara ga matasa marasa aikin yi na Ghana, da nufin inganta canjin tunani wanda ke buɗe dama a bangarorin da ba na al'ada ba.[1]

## Manazarta
Rosa Laviña

**Rosa Laviña da Carreras** (14 ga watan Janairun 1918 - 30 ga watan Mayu 2011) ta kasance mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Catalonia. An fallasa ta ga ra'ayoyin anarchist tun tana ƙarama, ta zama jagora a cikin Matasan Libertarian (FIJL) da kuma Solidaridad Internacional Antifascista (SIA). Bayan shan kashi 'Yan Jamhuriyar Republican a Yaƙin basasar Spain, ta gudu zuwa garin Occitan na Toulouse, inda ta yi amfani da gidanta don karbar bakuncin mambobin Maquis na Spain. Ta kuma bude Gidan cin abinci na kayan lambu a cikin birni, inda ta kwashe sauran rayuwarta, ta ci gaba da yin gwagwarmayar anarchist har zuwa tsufa.

An haifi Rosa Laviña i Carreras a ranar 14 ga watan Janairun 1918,  a garin Palafrugell na Catalonia. [2] Ita 'yar mai sayar da littattafai ce,  wanda ya gabatar da ita tun tana ƙarama ga ayyukan anarchist na Mikhail Bakunin, Joan Montseny da Teresa Mañé. [3] A lokacin mulkin kama-karya na Primo de Rivera, ta kuma shiga cikin ƙungiyar Esperanto ta hanyar abokan iyayenta. A lokacin da ta kai matashi, ta riga ta yi aiki a matsayin mai sutura.

Bayan shelar Jamhuriyar Spain ta Biyu, ta shiga kungiyar Libertarian Youth (FIJL) da Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT). A lokacin Yaƙin basasar Spain, ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatariyar FIJL kuma a matsayin mai ba da kuɗi na Solidaridad Internacional Antifascista (SIA). Tare da faduwar Catalonia a watan Fabrairun 1939, Laviña da mahaifiyarta sun tsere daga kasar zuwa Faransa kuma an tsare su a sansanin fursuna na Argelers, inda Laviña ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya.

A shekara ta 1940, Laviña da mahaifiyarta sun koma garin Toulouse na Occitan, inda ta haɗu da wasu 'yan anarcho-syndicalists da masu adawa da Fascists,  sun zama abokai da Federica Montseny.[6] Ta yi amfani da gidanta don karɓar bakuncin membobin Maquis na Mutanen Espanya, ciki har da Ramon Vila, Marcel·lí Massana  da 'Yan uwan Sabaté .[6] Laviña ya shigo da farfaganda, makamai da kudi zuwa Spain. Bayan mutuwar abokin aikinta Pere a 1952, ta ci gaba da aiki tare da SIA da kuma ba da taimako ga 'yan gudun hijira daga Spain.

Laviña daga nan ta sadu da Etienne Guillemau, ɗan'uwanta mai zaman kansa kuma Esperantist,  tare da shi ta buɗe gidan cin abinci na farko a Toulouse.[6] Ta ci gaba da aiki tare da SIA da Mutanen Espanya Libertarian Movement (MLE) har zuwa faduwar Mulkin kama-karya na Franco. Ko da bayan sauyawar Mutanen Espanya zuwa dimokuradiyya, ta ci gaba da zama a Toulouse, inda ta ci gaba tilasta yin gwagwarmayar anarchist har zuwa tsufa.

A ranar 31 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, an sake sunan titin da ke Palafrugell bayan Rosa Laviña . Ta mutu watanni biyu bayan haka, a ranar 30 ga Mayu 2011, a gidanta a Toulouse.

## Dubi kuma

* Anarchism a Spain

## Manazarta
Julio Mangada

**Julio Mangada Rosenörn** (30 Yuni 1877 Sancti Spíritus, Cuba - 14 Afrilu 1946, Mexico City) ya kasance fitaccen jami'in Sojojin Jamhuriyar Spain a lokacin Jamhuriyar Spain ta Biyu da Yaƙin basasar Spain.

## Shekaru na farko
Mahaifinsa kuma ya kasance kwamandan sojoji da ke zaune a Cuba; kakansa ya kasance shugaban kwalejin samari, yayin da kakarsa ke jagorantar makarantar mata da samari. Wata rana, ya rubuta a cikin tarihin kansa, wasu daga cikin ɗaliban kakansa sun bar kwaleji don kafa ƙungiyar 'yan tawaye da aka keɓe don samun' yancin Cuba. Rayuwarsa ta gida ta kasance kamar yadda yake dan shekara huɗu daga cikin sojoji na garuruwan mahaifinsa ya umarce shi a matsayin kyaftin din sojan ƙasa zai ji kukan "Viva Cuba libre!" kuma bai yi tunanin baƙo ba. A Spain, yana da shekaru takwas, a lokacin tawaye na Jamhuriyar Republican na Janar Villacampo, ya gudu zuwa Tashar jirgin kasa ta Guadalajara don jin 'yan tawaye suna shiga tare da yara cikin kuka na "Viva la República!"

## Ayyukan soja
Wani kwararren soja, wanda aka fi sani da ra'ayoyinsa masu ci gaba da kuma sau da yawa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, Mangada ya fara aikin soja a 1896 ta hanyar shiga Kwalejin Sojoji, inda aka ba shi izini a matsayin mataimakin. A ranar 1 ga Mayu, 1900, a matsayin matashi mai kula da sojan kasa na Sicilian 7th Regiment da ke San Sebastián de los Reyes, wani soja wanda ya ji shi ya bayyana wasu ra'ayoyin sirri cikin tausayi ga bikin proletarian na Ranar Mayu, ya zarge shi ga kwamandansa, kuma an kama shi. A shekara ta 1904 ya fara abota da ɗan jarida da marubuci José Nakens, wanda ke ci gaba da yin yaƙi da masu adawa kuma ya yi gwagwarmaya ba tare da gajiyawa ba don cimma jamhuriya ta Spain. A shekara ta 1906, ya rubuta, an kara shi zuwa kyaftin, amma ga babban takaici ya ziyarci sabon abokinsa a cikin wani tantanin kurkuku inda aka tsare Nakens bayan an zarge shi da tashin hankali don goyon bayan kisan Sarki Alfonso XIII. Sauran 'yan Jamhuriyar Republican da suka ziyarce shi a kurkuku sun gayyaci Mangada don shiga Masons, wanda ya yi. Kimanin lokaci guda ya sadu da Kyaftin (daga baya Janar) José Perogordo, wanda ya koya masa harshen Esperanto.

A ƙarshen shekarunsa na ashirin ya zama Esperantist (1906) - ya shiga Hispana Societo por Propagando de Esperanto, wanda aka kafa a 1903 - kuma nan da nan ya fara inganta harshen Esperanto ta hanyar mujallar da aka buga a Madrid da ake kira  . Daga 1912 Mangada ya jagoranci darussan da yawa a Ateneo na Madrid yana koyar da harshen duniya. A shekara ta 1911 ya kasance co-kafa mujallar *Homaro* ("Humanity"), wanda aka buga a 1913 L. L. Zamenhof ta siyasa da addini manifesto *[[Homaranismo|Hómaranism]],*, koyarwar Mangado da ke goyon baya sosai. Ya kuma fara rubuta labarai a Esperanto kuma ya fassara ayyukan daga wallafe-wallafen Mutanen Espanya.

## Haɗin waje

* Tarihin Julio Mangada a cikin Mutanen Espanya
* Tarihin kansa na Mangada, wanda aka buga a cikin wani tsari mai ban sha'awa na Mutanen Espanya a cikin mujallar Mexico Renobasión ("Renewal") 
* Ayyukan Julio Mangada
Gabriel Mora

**Gabriel Mora i Arana** (an haife shi 13 Satumba 1925, Castellar del Vallès - ya mutu 25 Nuwamba 2014, Manresa ) marubucin Catalan ne, makaniki kuma mai siyarwa, wanda aka zaɓa a cikin 1975 da 1990 zuwa Mestre en Gai Saber .  Ya kasance mai himma sosai a cikin ƙungiyar Esperantist.

## Kyaututtuka

* Birnin Barcelona na waka, 1971: Tare da hannun hagu
* Birnin Perpinyà, 1972: Roses a Psique
* Vila de Vallirana-Josep M. López Picó na waka, 1975: Tsakanin aurores
* Fure na halitta a Wasannin Fure na Barcelona, 1977: Cikakken cikakke
* Birnin Reus na waka, 1985: Sabuntawa na tatsuniyoyi
* Birnin Olot-Guerau na Liost na waka da waka, 1989: Sabuntawa na asalin
* Viola d'Or da Argent a Wasannin Fure na Barcelona, 1990: Tsarin budewa

## Ayyuka

* Littafin waka "Gènesi" a cikin aikin Tharrats, aikin zane 1957-1990 (B: Parsifal, 1990) 
* "Calidoscopy na rana da na celistiya". Manresa: Ayyukan Al'adu na Caixa de Manresa, 1980
* "Rashin tushe". 1983.  .
* "Renou de mites". Barcelona: Edicions del Mall, 1986.
* "Sabon asalin". Barcelona: Columna, 1990. ISBN .&nbsp;

## Manazarta
José Pellicer Gandía

**José Pellicer Gandía** (1912-1942) ya kasance mai juyin juya hali Valencian wanda aka fi sani da umurnin Iron Column a lokacin Yaƙin basasar Spain . An haife shi a cikin iyali mai arziki, bayan kafa Jamhuriyar Spain ta Biyu, Pellicer ya zama mai rikici kuma ya shiga Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT). Ya shiga cikin jerin tashin hankali na anarchist a cikin shekarun 1930, ya kafa kwamitocin tsaro waɗanda suka kafa tushe ga 'yan bindiga da za su yi yaƙi a yakin basasa. Ya kafa Iron Column, wanda ya kori 'yan kasa daga Valencia zuwa lardin Teruel, inda ya yi yaƙi a kan layin gaba. A lokacin yakin, ya shiga rikici tare da Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Spain (PCE), tare da Servicio de Información Militar (SIM) da ke kama shi da kuma ɗaure shi. Duk da wannan, ya ci gaba da yin yaƙi a cikin Sojojin Jamhuriyar Spain bayan rushewar Iron Column, a matsayin kwamandan Brigade Mixed na 83 kuma daga baya a cikin Brigade Mixedo na 109. Tare da ƙarshen yaƙin, Mulkin kama-karya na Franco ya kama shi kuma ya kashe shi.

A ranar 28 ga Afrilu 1912, an haifi José Pellicer Gandía a Valencia. Ya girma a cikin iyali mai arziki,  wanda ya ba shi ilimi mai kyau. Yana sha'awar Falsafar siyasa kuma yana da masaniya a cikin harsuna da yawa,  nan da nan ya janyo hankalin anarchism, saboda ma'anar Rashin son kai da manufa. A wannan lokacin, a lokacin aji na Esperanto, ya sadu da likitan Valencian Maruja Veloso, wanda daga baya ya auri. Pellicer ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da littattafai,  ya shiga Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) a 1932.

Tare da barkewar Yaƙin basasar Spain, Pellicer ya kafa Iron Column . [8] Tare da wasu mutane 1,000 a cikin ginshiƙi, Pellicer ya kwace makamai daga barikin sojoji na gida a Valencia kuma ya tura 'yan kasa zuwa Aragon, ya yi yaƙi da farko a Sarrión, sannan Escandón Pass, kafin gaba ta tsaya a waje da Teruel. A lokacin yakin da aka yi a gaban Teruel,  Pellicer ya nuna kansa a matsayin mayaƙa. Ya kuma nuna halaye na mai tunani mai ban sha'awa,  a lokacin Iron Column yana yadawa ga manoma na yankin a lardin Teruel.

### Shari'a da kisa
Bayan shekaru da yawa na ɗaurin kurkuku,  Kotun soja ta yi wa Pellicer shari'a a lardin Valencia a ranar 26 ga Mayu 1942.  An gargadi shi saboda shiga cikin gwagwarmayar da ya yi da 'yan kasa. Kotun ta same shi da laifin zarge-zargen, tare da "matsananciyar yanayi", kuma ta yanke masa hukuncin kisa. A ranar 8 ga Yuni 1942,  An kashe Pellicer a Paterna ta Mulkin kama-karya na Franco. Kodayake An kashe shi ta hanyar harbi, Takardar shaidar mutuwa a hukumance ta rubuta cewa ya mutu ne daga zubar da jini na ciki.

## Manazarta
Cecilia Cole

**Cecilia Cole** (née **Rendall**; 1921 - 2 ga watan Yuli 2006) 'yar siyasa ce 'yar ƙasar Gambiya, wacce ta kasance Mataimakiyar Kakakin Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa. 

Shugaba Yahya Jammeh ya zaɓe ta a majalisar dokokin Gambia a watan Janairun 1997, kuma ita ce mace ɗaya tilo da ta taɓa zama 'yar majalisa a wannan majalisar har zuwa shekara ta 2002. Ita ma mataimakiyar shugaban majalisar dokoki ce a wannan lokacin.

## Iyali
Surukinta shine bishop Solomon Tilewa Johnson. 

## Manazarta
Francesc Pi da Margall

***'Francisco Pi da Margall***' (Spanish: Francisco Pi y Margall; 29 Afrilu 1824 - 29 Nuwamba 1901) ɗan siyasan tarayyar Spain ne kuma ɗan siyasa na jamhuriya kuma masanin ra'ayi wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Jamhuriyar Spain ta farko a 1873. Ya kuma kasance masanin tarihi, masanin falsafa, marubucin soyayya, kuma ya kasance shugaban Jam'iyyar Republican ta Tarayya da Jam'iyyar Democrat. Pi ya zama wani nau'i na tsarkaka a lokacinsa.

Wani almajirin Pierre-Joseph Proudhon,  gudummawar da ya bayar ya bar tasiri mai dorewa akan ci gaban ƙungiyar anarchist a Spain. 

Pi ɗa ne ga wani ma'aikacin yadi na aji ɗaya a Barcelona, Catalonia, kuma an haife shi a ranar 29 ga Afrilu, 1824. Mahaifin Pi ya saka shi a makarantar addini a shekara ta 1831 inda Pi ya sami ilimi a fannin ilimin ɗan adam da na gargajiya . Ya kasance memba na *Societat Filomàtica*, wanda hakan ya ba shi damar haɗuwa da wasu manyan masu tunani da marubuta na ƙungiyar soyayya ta Catalan . A shekara ta 1837, ya tafi ya yi karatun lauya, inda ya sami digirin lasisi a shekara ta 1847. Ya koma Madrid a wannan shekarar kuma ya fara rubutu a matsayin mai sukar wasan kwaikwayo ga mujallar *El Renacimiento* da kuma *El Correo,* inda aka buga labarin siyasa na farko na Pi. Saboda buƙatar ƙarin kuɗi, Pi ya kuma ɗauki aiki a Martí, wani bankin Catalan.

## Tunanin siyasa, aiki da kuma tasirin baya
Pi i Margall ya zama babban mai fassara ayyukan Proudhon zuwa Sifaniyanci  kuma daga baya ya zama shugaban ƙasar Spain na ɗan lokaci a 1873 yayin da yake shugaban Jam'iyyar Democrat Republican Federal Party. A cewar George Woodcock, "Waɗannan fassarorin za su yi tasiri mai zurfi da ɗorewa kan ci gaban rashin da'a na Sifaniyanci bayan 1870, amma kafin wannan lokacin ra'ayoyin Proudhon, kamar yadda Pi ya fassara, sun riga sun ba da mafi yawan wahayi ga ƙungiyar tarayya wadda ta taso a farkon shekarun 1860."  A cewar *Encyclopædia Britannica* "A lokacin juyin juya halin Sifaniyanci na 1873, Pi i Margall ya yi ƙoƙarin kafa tsarin siyasa mai rarrabuwar kawuna, ko kuma "cantonalist", akan layin Proudhonian." 

## Manazarta
Cayetano Redondo Aceña

**Cayetano Redondo Aceña** (7 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1888 - 21 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1940) ɗan siyasan Spain ne, mai buga takardu, ɗan jarida kuma Esperantist . Wani memba na Jam'iyyar Socialist Workers' Party ta Spain, ya yi aiki a matsayin Magajin garin Madrid daga Nuwamba 1936 zuwa Mayu 1937, a lokacin Yaƙin basasar Spain.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife shi a ranar 7 ga watan Agusta 1888 a Segovia, ya koma Madrid tare da iyalinsa. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai buga takardu. Ya zama memba na Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT) a cikin 1905.  A shekara ta 1918, Redondo ya kasance shugaban kungiyar National Federation of Juventudes Socialistas, reshen matasa na Jam'iyyar Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). Ya yi aiki ga takardun siyasa da yawa, gami da El Socialista .

Wani sanannen Esperantist, shi ne wakilin Mutanen Espanya a Makarantar bazara da kungiyar Austrian Socialist Esperantist League ta shirya a 1927,  kuma ya gabatar da jawabin buɗewa na 9th Spanish Congress of Esperanto a 1932. 

Bayan farawar Yaƙin basasar Spain, a lokacin da aka kai hare-hare da bama-bamai da Ƙungiyar Francoist ta ɗauka a Madrid, Magajin garin Pedro Rico ya gudu zuwa Valencia a ɓoye a cikin takalmin mota. An zabi Redondo a matsayin mai maye gurbinsa a ranar 8 ga Nuwamba,  kodayake yanke shawara na Majalisar Tsaro ta Madrid ya fi ƙayyade aikin gwamnatin birni. Redondo ya bar mukamin magajin gari a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1937, Rafael Henche ya maye gurbinsa.

Bayan da Madrid ta fadi, Sojojin Franco sun kama Redondo kuma 'yan bindiga suka kashe shi a bangon Cementerio de la Almudena a ranar 21 ga Mayu 1940.  An binne shi a cikin kabari, daga baya aka motsa gawarsa kuma aka binne shi tare da na José Gómez Osorio, gwamnan farar hula na Jamhuriyar Republican na karshe na Madrid, wanda aka harbe shi watanni da suka gabata, godiya ga damuwar dangin na ƙarshe. Kabarinsa yana kusa da wurin da aka zaba don tunawa da "The Thirteen Roses".

## Manazarta
Eduardo Vivancos

**Eduardo Vivancos Garcia** (19 Satumba 1920 - 30 Disamba 2020) ɗan Esperanti ne wanda galibi yake aiki a da'irar masu tsattsauran ra'ayi.  Ya rubuta kuma ya yi magana galibi da Sifaniyanci, Catalan da Esperanto .

## Rayuwa

### Shekaru na farko
An haifi ɗan Domingo Vivancos  Eduardo Vivancos (wanda wani lokacin ya tafi da Esperanto version na sunansa Vivankos) a Barcelona, a cikin iyalin ma'aikata da ke sha'awar siyasa da fafutukar zamantakewa. A watan Yulin 1934 ya kammala karatunsa a makarantar firamare kuma nan da nan aka hayar shi a matsayin ɗan koyo, kusan watanni biyu kafin ranar haihuwarsa ta goma sha huɗu. A wannan shekarar a watan Satumba ya fara karatu da yamma a makarantar ma'aikata (Escuela del Trabajo). Yayinda yake can ya sadu da ƙungiyar matasa masu aiki sosai waɗanda suka kasance membobin The Iberian Federation of Libertarian Youth (FIJL),  nan da nan zai shiga ƙungiyar. Zai kuma zama memba na Ƙungiyar Dalibai ta Masu Tunanin 'Yanci (Federación Estudiantil de Conciencias Libres).

### Shekaru Bayan Yaƙi
Bayan karshen yakin duniya na biyu, Vivancos ya koma Paris; yayin da yake can, ya sadu da Ramona Comella 'yar 'yan gudun hijirar Mutanen Espanya. , za su yi aure a ranar 5 ga Disamba 1945. Suna da 'ya'ya biyu, Floreal (1947) da Talia (1948).  Har ila yau yayin da yake Paris, Vivancos ya shiga Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya (Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda) ko SAT 

A waɗancan kwanakin, Ƙungiyar Libertarian ta Mutanen Espanya ta fara sake tsarawa a Faransa, an shirya taron FIJL kuma an gudanar da shi a Toulouse a 1946 kuma ɗaya daga cikin yanke shawara shine ƙirƙirar kwamiti don tallafawa kafa ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa ga matasa Anarchists. Vivancos ya kasance memba na wannan kwamitin a matsayin wakili na abin da ake kira tarayyar Mutanen Espanya. A lokaci guda ya zama mai aiki a kafa jaridu na harshen Esperanto Black Flag (Nigra Flago)  da Anti-statist (*Senŝtatano*) ya zama editansa.  Ya yi aiki tare da abokai kamar Germinal Garcia, wanda aka fi sani da sunansa Victor Garcia . 

### A Kanada
A shekara ta 1954, ya zama bayyananne cewa rushewar mulkin Franco da aka daɗe ana jira har yanzu yana da nisa. Don haka Vivancos da iyalinsa suka yi hijira zuwa Toronto, Kanada. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ya zama mai aiki a matsayin babban memba na SAT a Kanada kuma ya kasance a wannan matsayi sama da shekaru 30. Ya kuma kasance mai aiki a cikin Esperanto da'irorin Toronto da Canadian Esperanto Association . A cikin 1973, ƙungiyar SAT a Kanada ta shirya taron SAT na 43,  da kuma taron kasa da kasa na membobin SAT daga ƙasashe da yawa daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da SAT ta gudanar da taron ta a waje da Turai.

## Manazarta
Fernando de Diego

**Fernando de Diego** (1919-2005) ɗan jaridar Mutanen Espanya ne kuma masanin harshe.

## Ayyukan da aka fassara

* Ƙasar Alvargonzález ta Antonio Machado (1969) 
* Gypsy Ballads na Federico Garcia Lorca (1971) 
* Rubuce-rubuce Gustavo Adolfo Becquer (1972) 
* Itacen ilimin John Doe (1973) 
* Doña Bárbara ta Rómulo Gallegos (1975) 
* The Ingenious Hidalgo Don Quixote of La Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes (1977), wanda aka fitar da shi a cikin cikakken sigar ta Esperanto Foundation
* Yankin ƙarfe Incarnation Ferré (1983) 
* Retrincos na Castelao (1983) 
* Iyalin Pascual Duarte na Camilo Jose Cela (1985) 
* Shekaru Ɗari na Solitude na Gabriel García Márquez (1992) 
* Mugun Carabel na Wenceslao Fernández Flórez (1993) 
* Tirano Fadar Ramón María del Valle-Inclan (1993) 
* Aikin noma a cikin wurare masu zafi na Andrés Bello (1995) 
* Waƙoƙin soyayya ashirin da Waƙar Rashin Tsayawa, na Pablo Neruda (1997) 

An buga wasu fassarori a cikin litattafai:

* Astura bukedo, tarihin ayyukan Asturias (1987) 
* Sentempa simfonio, tarihin waƙoƙin Mutanen Espanya na kowane lokaci (1987)
Julia Dolly Joiner

**Julia Dolly Joiner** (an haife ta a ranar 11 ga watan Nuwamba, 1956, Banjul, Gambia) 'yar siyasa ce 'yar Gambia. Ita ce Kwamishinar Harkokin Siyasa ta Tarayyar Afirka, wacce ke zaune a Addis Ababa, Habasha. Daga watan Satumba 1994 zuwa watan Yuni 1995, Joiner ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Sakatare na Dindindin a Ma'aikatar Matasa, Wasanni, da Al'adu ta Gambia ta Gambia, sannan ta yi aiki a matsayin Sakatariya na Dindindin na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje na shekara mai zuwa (Yuni 1995 zuwa Nuwamba 1996).

A watan Disamba na shekarar 1998, an naɗa ta Sakatariya na Dindindin a Ofishin Shugaban Ƙasa, wacce a lokacin ita ce Shugabar Ma'aikatan Gwamnatin Gambiya a shekarar 1999. Daga Janairu na 1999 zuwa Disamba na 1999, ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Sakatariya ga Majalisar Ministoci. A shekarar 2003, an naɗa ta Kwamishinan Harkokin Siyasa na Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka.  A shekarar 2015, ta kasance mai sa ido kan zaɓen Tarayyar Afirka a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na Seychelles. 

## Manazarta
Ingemund Bengtsson

**Sten Bertil Ingemund Bengtsson** (30 ga watan Janairun 1919 - 12 ga watan Afrilu 2000) ɗan siyasan Sweden ne na jam'iyyar Social Democratic, kuma Kakakin Riksdag daga 1979 zuwa 1988.

An haife shi a ranar 30 ga Janairun 1919 a Veddige . Ya koma Varberg kuma ya fara aiki a masana'antar keken Monark yana da shekaru 15. Ya ci gaba da zama fitaccen mutum a cikin siyasar gida kafin a zabe shi a matsayin memba na majalisa a shekarar 1951. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan noma 1969-1973, Ministan cikin gida 1973 da Ministan aiki 1974-1976 kafin a zabe shi a matsayin Kakakin Majalisar a 1979.

Bengtsson ya kuma yi ayyukan Regent Ad Interim 2-3 Yuli 1988. Lokacin da aka hana Sarkin Sweden yin ayyukansa a matsayin Shugaban kasa, saboda dalilai na rashin lafiya, tafiya ko wasu, kuma lokacin da babu wani memba na gidan sarauta, wanda ke cikin layin maye gurbin, a cikin mulkin, Gwamnati ta ba da doka da ta kafa Regent ad interim wanda zai tabbatar da ayyukan a matsayin Shugaban Jiha na tsawon lokacin rashin iyawarsa.  Bengtsson shine kadai wanda ba na sarauta ba har zuwa yanzu ya yi aiki a matsayin mai mulki a karkashin Dokar Gwamnati ta 1974.

Ya mutu a ranar 12 ga Afrilu 2000. An binne shi tare da matarsa Anna-Lisa (1919-1991) a Varberg.

## Manazarta
Hannah Mahoney

**Lady Hannah Mahoney** (1 ga Agusta, 1884 - 10 ga Mayu, 1974) 'yar siyasa ce a ƙasar Gambiya. Ita ce mace ta farko da ta riƙe muƙamai da dama a ƙasar, ciki har da mai shari'a na zaman lafiya da kuma alƙaliya. Ita ce matar Sir John A. Mahoney, shugaban majalisar dokoki na farko na ƙasar Gambiya.  

An haifi **Hannah Small** a ranar 1 ga watan Agusta, 1884 a cikin dangin Methodist na Aku ko Krio a Bathurst (yanzu Banjul) a Burtaniya Gambia.   Ta kammala karatun aji bakwai, mafi girman matakin da ake da shi a yankin a lokacin, a shekarar 1902, wanda hakan ya sa ta cancanci aikin malanta. Ta zama mai buga rubutu tare da ma'aikatan gwamnati, mace ta farko 'yar Gambia da ta yi hakan. Rahotanni sun ce, mazauna yankin sun yi mamaki sosai har suka zo tagarta don ganin aikinta. Ta yi ritaya daga aikin gwamnati a shekarar 1941.   

A shekarar 1943, ta zama memba a Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Bathurst Town Council, inda ta zama mace ta farko a Gambia da ta riƙe muƙami a gwamnatin ƙananan hukumomi.  Ta riƙe wannan muƙamin tsawon shekaru goma sha biyar, kuma rage mace-macen jarirai yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke damun ta. Daga baya ta zama mace ta farko da ta zama Alkaliyar Zaman Lafiya (JP) kuma mace ta farko da ta zama alkaliya a Gambia.  

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Ɗan'uwanta ɗan siyasa ne Edward Francis Small. 

A shekarar 1910, ta auri John A. Mahoney, wani ma'aikacin kasuwanci a lokacin.  Suna da 'ya'ya biyar,  ciki har da:

* Dakta John Andrew Mahoney (1919-2012) likitan tiyata kuma mai kula da lafiya kuma mijin masaniyar tarihi Dr. Florence Mahoney. 
* Louise (Mahoney) N'Jie (1922-2014), mace ta farko da ta yi aiki a matsayin ministar majalisar ministoci a Gambiya 
* Augusta Mahoney, Lady Jawara (1924–1981), ma'aikaciyar jinya, marubuciyar wasan kwaikwayo, kuma mai fafutuka, matar Sir Dawda Jawara, Firayim Ministan Gambia. 

## Manazarta
Carl Lindhagen

**Carl Albert Lindhagen** (17 Disamba 1860  - 11 Maris 1946) lauya ne na Sweden, ɗan siyasa, kuma mai zaman lafiya. 

Carl Lindhagen shi ne babban majistare (*Borgmästare*) na Stockholm 1903-1930 (watau matsayin shari'a, ba magajin gari ba).

## Rayuwa ta mutum
An haifi Lindhagen a Stockholm. Shi ɗan Albert Lindhagen ne kuma ɗan'uwan Anna Lindhagen da Arthur Lindhagen. Ya yi karatun shari'a a Uppsala . 

A matsayinta na lauya, Lindhagen ta shiga matsayin mai ba da shawara ga shugabannin testament na Alfred Nobel. Ya kasance sakataren Kwamitin Nobel a shekara ta 1899, kuma a wasu lokuta an ba shi shawarar a matsayin wanda aka zaba don karɓar Kyautar Nobel ta Zaman Lafiya, saboda alkawuransa na adawa da aikin soja.

Ya fara aikinsa na siyasa a jam'iyyar Liberal, wanda a lokacin da aka dauki dimokuradiyya a matsayin motsi mai tsattsauran ra'ayi. Ya shiga Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ta Sweden a 1909, lokacin da ya riga ya kusan shekaru 50. Ba da daɗewa ba ya shiga ƙungiyar adawa ta hagu a kan shugaban jam'iyyar Hjalmar Branting . Matashin Kwaminisanci Zeth Höglund ne ke jagorantar hagu, kuma a cikin 1917 kungiyar ta rabu da jam'iyyar uwa kuma ta kafa Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Left Party of Sweden (SSV).

Lindhagen ta yi yaƙi don dimokuradiyya, haƙƙin mata da kuma mafi kyawun yanayi ga ma'aikata da manoma masu aiki. Ya kuma kasance mai ba da shawara ga mafi kyawun yanayi ga 'yan asalin Sami a tsakiyar da arewacin Scandinavia. 

## Lindhagen da Esperanto
Lindhagen ya kasance mai goyon bayan harshen Esperanto na duniya na dogon lokaci. Daga 1911, ya yi jawabi ga majalisar dokokin Sweden kusan kowace shekara game da ra'ayin harshe na kasa da kasa. A cikin 1928 ya gabatar da Esperanto a bayyane. A sakamakon haka, a cikin 1929, 1930 da 1931 majalisar dokokin Sweden ta kada kuri'a da adadin kronas 2900 don darussan koyar da Esperanto. Ya kuma shiga cikin gabatar da darasi na Esperanto na Andreo Cseh ga 'yan majalisa na Sweden.

Ya ba da jawabin buɗewa a lokacin Taron Duniya na Esperanto na 1927 a Danzig, kuma ya yi magana a lokacin zaman koyarwa a lokacin Majalisa ta 1934.

Ya yi aure a karo na farko a 1883 kuma matarsa ta mutu bayan dogon rashin lafiya a 1902. Ya sake yin aure a shekara ta 1904 kuma yana da 'ya'ya biyu tare da sabuwar matarsa, Jenny Lindhagen .

## Manazarta
Franko Luin

**Franko Luin** (6 ga Afrilu 1941 a Trieste, Italiya - 15 ga Satumba 2005 a Tyresö, Sweden) ya kasance mai tsara nau'in Sweden na asalin Slovenian. Ya yi karatun zane-zane a Grafiska Institutet a Stockholm, inda ya kammala a shekarar 1967. mai zane-zane a kamfanin sadarwa na Ericsson (1967-1989), Ya fara shagon kansa na Omnibus Typografi a shekarar 1989.

Franko Luin yana da sha'awar harsuna, musamman harshen Esperanto na kasa da kasa, kuma ya kasance shugaban kungiyar Esperanto ta Sweden SEF na shekaru da yawa. Ya rubuta waƙoƙi, ya fassara waƙoƙoƙi zuwa Esperanto kuma ya shirya sanannen shafin yanar gizon, *Kiosk*,  wanda ke da babban jerin hanyoyin haɗi na jaridu na kan layi. A cikin shekarunsa na baya, ya tattara kuma ya tsara ayyukan da yawa na karni na 19 da 20 na marubutan gargajiya na Slovenia kuma ya rarraba su a shafinsa na *Beseda* ("Maganar"). 

## Manazarta
Ernfrid Malmgren

**Ernfrid Cart Malmgren** (Köping, 3 ga Nuwamba 1899 - 28 ga Maris 1970) ya kasance ɗan Esperantist na Sweden, malami, kuma shugaban Ƙungiyar Esperanto ta Duniya (UEA). 

## Littattafai

* *Esperanto kaj ĝia koyarwa a Annejoj* (laŭ materialo de Somera Pedagogia Semajno a Kranjska Gora daga 26a Yuli min zuwa 1a canst 1957, cibiyar sadarwa Peter Zlatnar, antauparolo na E. Malmgren. - Yugoslavia Esperanto-Federacio, 1959. - 200 p.) 
* La nuna stato de la instruado de la internacia lingvo en la Annejoj (Ivo Lapenna kunlabore kun E. Malmgren, D. Kennedy, 1963) 
* *Allas andra spraak Esperanto* (1957) 
* *Amikaro adiaŭas amatan Stellan Engholm*
* *Esperanto-Klubo: চাইl, da kuma, da kuma* yadda ya kamata (1933) 
* *Don Kio ko Amuzu nin? Societ- kaj dancludoj* (daga Jakob Rosenberg; Ernfrid Malmgren. - 1934
* Systematický kurs mezinárodního通ka Esperanto (Henrik Seppik; Ernfrid Malmgren - a cikin Chelseaĥan trad. Ladislav Krajc. 1938) 
* Systematisk kurs da Esperanto (Henrik Seppik; Ernfrid Malmgren. - 1932) 
* Esperanto Keilu-Sagaye (Henrik Seppik; Ernfrid Malmgren. - 1936) 
* *Sveda kantareto* (1931) 

## Dubi kuma

## Manazarta
Ebbe Vilborg

**Ebbe Vilborg** (1926-2018)  ya kasance masanin ilimin yaren Sweden na harsuna na gargajiya, Esperantist, lexicographer, terminologist da Interlinguist.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Karl Ebbe Vilborg a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 1926 a Annedal, Gothenburg, ga Annie Carolina Cederberg da Karl Viktor Vilborg . 

A shekara ta 1955, Vilborg ya sami digirinsa na PhD.

## Ayyuka
Vilborg ya kasance farfesa a fannin Girkanci a Jami'ar Gothenburg. A shekara ta 2001, an sanya Vilborg memba mai daraja na Ƙungiyar Esperanto ta Duniya.

## Manazarta
Bertilo Wennergren

**Bertilo Wennergren** ( Swedish   ;  ; an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Oktoba 1956) ɗan ƙasar Sweden ne mai ra'ayin Esperanti wanda ke zaune a ƙauyen Schossin da ke arewacin Jamus.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Bayan ya yi magana da Esperanto tun 1980, ya zama memba na Kwalejin Esperanto a shekara ta 2001 kuma yana riƙe da mukamin darektan sashen Babban Dictionary na Kwaleji. Shi ne marubucin littattafan Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko (Cakken Manual of Esperanto Grammar) da Landoj kaj lingvoj de la mondo (Duniya da Harsuna na Duniya). Shi ne kuma marubucin littafi na yaren Sweden don koyar da Esperanto.

Wennergren memba ne na ƙungiyar Amplifiki, kuma yanzu memba ne na Persone . A shekara ta 2002 ya auri Esperantist Birke Dockhorn .

A ranar 19 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2006 mujallar La *Ondo na Esperanto* ta ba shi suna Esperantist na Shekara na shekara ta 2006.

Wennergren yana daya daga cikin Esperantists da yawa na dukkan matakan da suka shiga Esperanto Wikipedia. Wani sanannen masanin ilimin Esperanto kuma darektan sashen Kwalejin game da ƙamus na Esperanto, yana ɗaya daga cikin akalla editoci uku waɗanda membobin Kwalejin Esperanto ne, sauran su ne Gerrit Berveling da John C. Wells.

## Dubi kuma

* Waƙoƙin Esperanto

## Manazarta
Amanda Lind

**Amanda Sofia Margareta Lind** (née Johansson; an haife ta a ranar 2 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1980) 'yar siyasar Sweden ce kuma masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam da ke aiki tun daga shekara ta 2024 a matsayin mai magana da yawun Green Party .  Tsakanin 2019 da 2021, ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Al'adu da Dimokuradiyya, tare da alhakin wasanni da 'yan tsiraru na kasa a cikin majalisar Löfven ta biyu.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Tun tana 'yar shekara uku, Lind ta girma a Luleå inda mahaifinta Erik Hugo Johansson ya kasance fasto kuma mahaifiyarta Eva Bask Johansson likitan magani ce. Bayan ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Umeå, ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam a shekarar 2009.

## Ayyuka
Lind ya zama memba na *Miljöpartiet na gröna*, Jam'iyyar Green ta Sweden, a 1999  kuma ya kasance memba na Majalisar birni ta Umeå daga 2002 zuwa 2004.

Lind ta yi aiki a matsayin masanin ilimin halayyar yara da matasa ga majalisar Västernorrland County daga 2009 zuwa 2011. A shekara ta 2010, an nada ta mai magana da yawun hukumar kula da zamantakewar Härnösand kuma a shekarar 2012 a matsayin mai magana da sukawun Västernorrland.

A cikin 2021, Lind a matsayin ministan al'adu na Sweden ya bayyana cewa Elfdalian zai ci gaba da yin hukunci a matsayin yaren da gwamnatin Sweden ta yi, bayan binciken da Memba na Sweden Peter Helander ya yi game da dalilin da ya sa gwamnati ba ta bincika ko ya kamata a rarraba Elfdavian a matsayin yare ba, kamar yadda Majalisar Turai ta ba da shawarar.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Lind ta auri mai shirya fina-finai Björn Ola Lind . Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya uku tare. A lokacin da take hutu tana ba da kanta ga sake kirkirar tarihi, wasan tennis da sana'o'i.

## Manazarta