Theodore Hesburgh

**Theodore Martin Hesburgh**, CSC (Mayu 25, 1917 - Fabrairu 26, 2015) wani limamin Katolika ne na Amurka kuma malami wanda ya kasance memba na ikilisiyar Cross Cross . Ya kasance shugaban Jami'ar Notre Dame na tsawon shekaru 35 daga 1952 zuwa 1987.

Baya ga aikinsa na malami da marubuci, Hesburgh ya kasance ma'aikacin jama'a kuma mai fafutukar jin dadin jama'a da ke da hannu a yawancin ayyukan jama'a da gwamnati na Amurka, kwamitocin, ayyukan jin kai na duniya, da ayyukan Paparoma. Hesburgh ya sami karramawa da kyaututtuka da yawa don hidimarsa, musamman Medal na 'Yancin Shugabancin Amurka (1964) da Medal Zinare na Majalisa (2000). Ya zuwa shekarar 2013, ya kuma rike kambun duniya ga mutumin da ya fi samun digirin girmamawa da fiye da 150.

Hesburgh an yaba da kawo Notre Dame, wanda aka daɗe da saninsa da shirin ƙwallon ƙafa, a sahun gaba na jami'o'in Katolika na Amurka da kuma sauye-sauyen da ya yi zuwa wata babbar jami'a mai daraja ta ƙasa. Ya kula da yadda jami'ar ta samu ci gaba mai ban mamaki, da kuma nasarar mika mallakarta daga hannun limaman Holy Cross zuwa kwamitin amintattu na Notre Dame a shekarar 1967. A lokacin da yake shugabantar jami'ar, jami'ar ta kuma zama cibiyar koyar da ilimi. Baya ga hidimarsa ga Notre Dame, Hesburgh ya rike mukaman jagoranci a kungiyoyi da dama da ke da hannu a cikin hakkin jama'a, amfani da makamashin nukiliya cikin lumana, sake fasalin shige da fice, da ci gaban duniya ta uku. Har ila yau, Hesburgh ta kasance mai aiki a kan kwamitocin kasuwanci da yawa, ƙungiyoyin sa-kai, ƙungiyoyin jama'a, da ayyukan Vatican .

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Hesburgh a ranar 25 ga Mayu, 1917, a Syracuse, New York, ga Theodore Bernard Hesburgh, manajan sito na Pittsburgh Plate Glass, da Anne Murphy Hesburgh.   Mahaifinsa na zuriyar Luxembourg ne; dangin mahaifiyarsa 'yan asalin Irish ne.  Theodore shine ɗa na biyu kuma ɗan fari a cikin dangin yara biyar waɗanda suka haɗa da maza biyu da mata uku. Ya halarci Most Holy Rosary, makarantar parochial a Syracuse, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan bagade. Hesburgh ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya so ya zama firist tun yana ɗan shekara shida.    Thomas Duffy, wani firist na mishan daga ikilisiyar Holy Cross, wanda ke da Jami'ar Notre Dame, ya ƙarfafa sha'awar Hesburgh na shiga aikin firist.  

Hesburgh ya sauke karatu daga Mafi Tsarkin Rosary High School a Syracuse a cikin 1934 kuma ya shiga cikin Seminary Cross Cross a Notre Dame a cikin bazara.    yanke shawarar tura wani matashin malami mai ba da shawara don yin karatu a Rome, Italiya, inda ya sauke karatu a Jami'ar Pontifical Gregorian tare da digiri na farko na falsafa a 1940. karatu.  Ya shafe shekaru uku (1940-43) yana karatun ilimin tauhidi a Kwalejin Holy Cross a Washington, DC, da shekaru biyu (1943-45) yana karatu a Jami'ar Katolika ta Amurka, inda ya sami digiri na uku a cikin tauhidi mai tsarki a 1945.  

## Sana'a
Hesburgh ya shiga makarantar Notre Dame a matsayin malami a Sashen Addini na jami'a a 1945.  A cikin 1948 Hesburgh an nada shi shugaban Sashen Tauhidi, kuma a cikin 1949 Shugaban Notre Dame, John J. Cavanaugh, CSC, ya nada mataimakin shugaban zartarwa na Hesburgh. Shekaru uku bayan haka, yana da shekaru talatin da biyar, Hesburgh ya gaji Cavanaugh a matsayin shugaban kasa.  

### Shugaban Notre Dame

Hesburgh ya zama shugaban Notre Dame na tsawon shekaru talatin da biyar, daga 1952 har zuwa ritayarsa a 1987. A lokacin shi ne "shugaban da ya fi dadewa a manyan makarantun Amurka."  Nan da nan Hesburgh ya fara ƙoƙarin canza makarantar, wanda aka fi sani da shirin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, "zuwa wata ma'aikatar ilimi mai girma da ake girmamawa a ƙasa."  A cikin 1953 jami'a ta ƙirƙiri Tsarin Farfesoshi Masu Girma don jawo manyan malamai zuwa Notre Dame. A lokacin da Hesburgh ta yi ritaya a 1987, makarantar ta kafa fitattun malaman farfesa fiye da ɗari. 

Hesburgh ya kula da ci gaba mai ban mamaki a jami'a da fadada ba da kyauta, da kuma sauye-sauyen da ya samu zuwa cibiyar haɗin gwiwa wanda ya faru a 1972. A lokacin shugabancinsa (1952-87), kasafin kudin aiki na shekara ya karu daga $ 9.7 miliyan zuwa $ 176.6 miliyan kuma kyautar jami'a ta karu daga $ 9 miliyan zuwa $ 350 miliyan. Tallafin bincike ya karu daga $735,000 zuwa dala miliyan 15. Rijistar ɗalibai ya kusan ninki biyu daga 4,979 zuwa 9,676, kuma ɗalibansa sun ninka fiye da ninki biyu daga 389 zuwa 951. Matsakaicin albashin malamai ya tashi daga $5,400 zuwa $50,800. Adadin digirin da ake bayarwa kowace shekara ya ninka daga 1,212 zuwa 2,663.   Yayin da Hesburgh ke shugaban kasa, jami'ar ta kuma ƙaddamar da sabbin ayyukan gine-gine arba'in, gami da ɗakin karatu na dala miliyan 8 tare da sanannen bangon bango "Maganar Rayuwa", wanda aka fi sani da "Touchdown Jesus," a kan facade .  

### Mai fafutukar gwamnatin Amurka da farar hula

Ayyukan Hesburgh sun haɗa da ayyukan jama'a da yawa, da kuma shirye-shiryen Amurka da na duniya fiye da aikinsa a Notre Dame. Hesburgh ya kiyasta ya kashe kusan kashi 40 cikin dari na lokacinsa daga harabar kuma ya yi imanin cewa shigar da jama'arsa ta "wadatar" matsayin firist. 

## Mutuwa da gado
Hesburgh ya mutu a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, 2015, yana da shekaru 97.   Mutuwarsa, jana'izarsa, da hidimar tunawa da shi sun sami kulawar kafofin watsa labaru.     Wadanda suka halarci taron tunawa da wadanda suka halarci taron tunawa da su sun hada da tsohon shugaban kasar Jimmy Carter, Condoleezza Rice, Lou Holtz, sai Cardinal Theodore McCarrick da Cardinal Roger Mahony, tsohon dan majalisar dattawan Amurka Harris L. Wofford, tsohon dan majalisar dattawan Amurka Harris L. Wofford, da Indiana Mike Pence, tsohon dan majalisar dattawan Amurka, Carmpson K, tsohon gwamnan Amurka, Carmpson K. Sanata Joe Donnelly, William G. Bowen, da sakon bidiyo daga Shugaba Barack Obama .  

## Digiri na girmamawa
Tare da digiri na girmamawa 150, Hesburgh shine mutumin da yake da mafi girman digiri a cikin tarihi.   Waɗannan sun haɗa da: 

## Manazarta