Leah Rosenfeld

**Leah Rosenfeld** (25 ga Oktoba, 1908 - 12 ga Nuwamba, 2006) ma'aikaciyar layin dogo ce kuma wakiliyar tashar jirgin ƙasa wacce ƙarar da aka shigar a shekarar 1968 kan layin dogo na Kudancin Pacific da jihar California ta taimaka wajen kawo ƙarshen wariya ga aiki da albashi ga mata da kuma tabbatar da daidaiton damammaki ga mata a masana'antar layin dogo .

## Rayuwar farko da farkon aikin layin dogo
A lokacin tana da shekaru 16 a shekarar 1924, Rosenfeld ta yi aiki a matsayin magatakarda kuma mai ba da shawara kan harkokin shari'a a wani kamfanin lauyoyi. A watan Oktoba na shekarar 1944, a lokacin tana da shekaru 36, ta fara aikinta a matsayin mai ba da rahotanni kan layin dogo da kuma wakilin tashar jirgin ƙasa a Kamfanin Jiragen Ƙasa na Kudancin Pacific bayan kammala kwasa-kwasan aikin telegraph da kuma na malamai. Layin dogo ya fara ɗaukar mata da yawa a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu don maye gurbin mazan da aka ɗauka aikin soja; Rosenfeld ta ɗauki aikin ne don taimakawa wajen tallafa wa iyalinta da ke ƙaruwa, waɗanda suka ƙunshi yara tara a lokacin. 

## Aiki a matsayin mai kula da layin dogo - 1944-1955
Bayan rabuwarta a shekarar 1953, ta zama mai kula da 'ya'yanta 6 daga cikin 12 kuma ta yi aiki a wasu tashoshin aiki ɗaya, galibi a yankunan hamada da ke kewaye da Tekun Salton daga Makka, California, zuwa Yuma, Arizona . Na ɗan lokaci, iyalin suna zaune a cikin motar firiji da Kudancin Pacific ta mayar da ita gidaje tare da ƙarin baranda. A shekarar 1955, an buɗe wani aiki a Saugus, California, don wakili/mai rubutu ta waya. Tare da shekaru goma na aiki, Rosenfeld ta nemi wannan matsayi. Kamfanin Jirgin Ƙasa na Kudancin Pacific ya hana ta ci gaba daga mai aiki zuwa mai aiki ta tashar, yana ambaton " dokokin kariya ga mata " na jihar California waɗanda suka hana mata ɗaukar fiye da fam 25 ko yin aiki fiye da sa'o'i takwas a rana, waɗanda duka an buƙaci wakilan tashar. Duk da haka, ma'aikatan jirgin ƙasa sun sami kariya daga Dokar Ma'aikata ta Jirgin Ƙasa ta Tarayya, wadda ba ta bambanta tsakanin ma'aikata maza da mata ba.

Daga nan sai Rosenfeld ta yi zanga-zanga ga ƙungiyarta, Order of Railroad Telegraphers, tana mai cewa ta riga ta yi aikin wakilin tashar jiragen ruwa a aikinta na baya, amma tana samun ƙaramin albashi. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ba ta goyi bayan ikirarinta ba.

## Karar da aka shigar kan Jihar California - 1968
Kamfanin layin dogo ya ci gaba da kin amincewa da ikirarinta na karin girma, yana mai ambaton dokar jihar California wadda ta hana mata yin ayyukan wakilan tashoshin jiragen sama. Duk da haka, a shekarar 1964, zartar da Dokar Haƙƙin Bil Adama ta tarayya ta 1964 da kuma Take na VII sun sanya haramun ne ga ma'aikata su nuna wariya ga mata a ayyukan daukar ma'aikata, kuma suka kafa Hukumar Daidaito Damar Aiki (EEOC) don magance koke-koken aiki. Lokacin da Kamfanin Jirgin Kasa na Kudancin Pacific ya bai wa wani mutum da ba shi da matsayi mai yawa a matsayin wakili/mai daukar hoto a Thermal, California, a watan Maris na 1966, ta kai kararta ga Hukumar Daidaito Damar Aiki, wadda ta ba ta shawarar ta shigar da kara a kan Jihar California. A ranar 30 ga Agusta, 1968, ta shigar da kara a kan Jihar California, Kamfanin Jirgin Kasa na Kudancin Pacific, da kuma kungiyarta, wacce a lokacin ake kira da Kungiyar Sadarwar Sufuri ta Duniya . A ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, 1968, an warware karar da aka shigar a kan Kamfanin Jirgin Kasa na Kudancin Pacific kuma an ayyana dokokin kare mata na California a matsayin wadanda ba su dace da kundin tsarin mulki ba. An kuma yanke hukunci a kan karar da aka shigar a kan layin jirgin kasa a 1971, wanda Rosenfeld ya yi. [1]

Sakamakon ƙarar ya zama nasara ga Rosenfeld, wadda ta sami ƙarin girma da ƙarin albashi, kuma ta amfanar da dukkan mata ma'aikatan layin dogo. Sakamakon haka, masana'antar layin dogo ta fara ɗaukar mata a dukkan mukamai a shekarar 1971 a daidai lokacin da maza ke karɓar albashi.

## Rayuwa daga baya da ritaya
Rosenfeld ta sami damar samun karin girma da kuma daidaita albashi jim kaɗan kafin ta yi ritaya daga Kudancin Pacific a shekarar 1974. Ta shafe sauran rayuwarta a Mariposa, California, inda masanin tarihin layin dogo Shirley Burman ya yi mata hira kuma mai ɗaukar hoto na layin dogo Richard Steinheimer ya ɗauki hotonta a shekarar 1987. A lokacin ritayarta, ta taimaka wajen gano matsugunin dabbobi na yankin. Ta mutu a Mariposa a shekarar 2006, tana da shekaru 98.

## Manazarta