Tashar gwajin ruwa

Tashar **Gwajin Ruwa**, wadda aka sani da **WES-Original Cantonment** a Vicksburg, Mississippi, wani yanki ne mai  dari shidda da saba'in da uku  ginin da aka gina a cikin shekarata 1930 a matsayin cibiyar bincike na Sojojin Amurka na Rundunar Injiniya . Harabar sa shine wurin hedkwatar Cibiyar Bincike da Ci gaban Injiniya (ERDC) na Corps of Engineers. WES ita ce mafi girma daga cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje na bincike da ci gaba na Corps na Injiniya. 

An jera makaman a cikin Rijistar Wuraren Tarihi na Ƙasar Amurka a cikin shekarata 2000 a wani ɓangare na gine-ginensa. Jerin ya kasance na  yanki mai iyaka da Spillway, Durden Creek, Tennessee Rd., da Dam Spillway, a cikin Vicksburg, tare da gine-gine masu ba da gudummawa guda biyar da tsarin bayar da gudummawa uku. 

## Tarihi

Sha'awar zamani na ƙirar ƙirar sikelin don nazarin injiniyan ruwa na iya komawa zuwa samfurin nunin kwararowar ruwa a cikin bututun da ke gefen gilashi a Jami'ar Michigan a ƙarshen karni na 19. Farfesa mai ziyara daga Kwalejin Fasaha a Dresden, , ya shaida samfurin kuma bayan dawowarsa, ya gina irin wannan samfurin a Dresden. An gina wasu samfuran hydraulic a Karlsruhe da Delft (a ƙarƙashin kulawar Farfesa.  ) ba da jimawa ba. John Freeman yana da alaƙa da sake farfado da sha'awar samfuran lantarki a cikin Amurka, kafa haɗin gwiwar balaguro da sunansa tare da Ƙungiyar Injiniya ta Jama'a ta Amurka a cikin shekarata 1925 bayan ta maimaita ziyarar dakin gwaje-gwaje a Dresden. 

Babban Ambaliyar Mississippi na 1927 ya sa Majalisa ta zartar da Dokar Kula da Ambaliyar Ruwa ta shekarar 1928, ta ba da izini da yawa Corps na Injiniya ayyukan sarrafa ambaliya tare da kogin Mississippi. A halin yanzu, Freeman ya yi yakin neman dakin gwaje-gwaje na ruwa na kasa, wanda ya haifar da lissafin 1928 wanda Sen. Joseph Ransdell yana ba da shawarar gina dakin gwaje-gwaje a Washington, DC a karkashin kulawar ofishin kula da ka'idoji bayan samun kunnen Sakataren Kasuwanci na lokacin Herbert Hoover . Bayan wucewa Majalisar Dattijai, Babban Injiniya Janar Edgar Jadwin ya ba da shaida a kan wurin da aka tsara a gaban Majalisar Wakilai, yana mai cewa dakin gwaje-gwaje ya kamata ya zama nazarin aiki na kogin Mississippi, don haka, ya kamata a kasance a kan Mississippi kanta. Sakamakon haka, majalisar ta dage yanke shawara kan dakin gwaje-gwaje na ruwa na kasa har zuwa zama mai zuwa. Wakilan Jadwin sun ba da shaida a gaban Majalisa a shekarata 1929 bayan sun ziyarci dakunan gwaje-gwajen ruwa na Turai. Shaidarsu ta nuna bambance-bambancen ma'auni tsakanin kogunan Arewacin Amurka da kogin Turai zai buƙaci samfuri mafi girma da ƙarin sassauci.

Memphis, Tennessee an gabatar da shi a matsayin wurin farko na dakin gwaje-gwaje na ruwa a watan Yuni shekarata 1929, amma da zarar an tura hedkwatar Hukumar Kogin Mississippi daga St. Louis zuwa Vicksburg a watan Nuwamba, dakin gwaje-gwaje na hydraulic ya biyo baya, tare da sayen ƙasa kusa da Durden Creek a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu. Shekarata 1930. 

Matsayin WES a matsayin cibiyar binciken injinan ruwa ta tarayya ta farko shine don taimakawa Hukumar Kogin Mississippi haɓaka da aiwatar da shirin shawo kan ambaliyar ruwa na ƙananan kwarin Mississippi. Samfurin kogin farko, samfurin kogin Illinois da aka gina a lokacin rani na shekarar 1930 don kafa iyakacin ruwan baya na Mississippi, an haƙa shi a cikin ƙasa ta halitta tare da wuka na 'ya'yan inabi .  Daga waɗancan mafarin mafari, WES ya girma a hankali ya zama wataƙila mafi girma kuma mafi ƙaƙƙarfan wurin bincike irin sa a duniya.  &#x5D;

## Tsarin tsari na tarihi
A cikin shekarata 1968, nazarin hydraulic a WES ya kasu kashi biyar: 

* Hanyoyin ruwa, ƙwararre a injin injin ruwa ta amfani da ƙayyadaddun gado da ƙirar gado mai motsi
* Estuaries, ƙwararre a cikin injinan ruwa ta hanyar amfani da ƙayyadaddun ƙirar gado
* Tsare-tsare, ƙware a cikin kayan aikin dam ta amfani da sikeli
* Waves na Ruwa, ƙwararre a aikin igiyar ruwa ta sama ta amfani da ƙayyadaddun tashar tashar jiragen ruwa da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙaya
* Analysis na Hydraulic, ƙwararre a cikin haɓakawa da watsa bayanan ƙirar hydraulic da hanyoyin

## Mississippi Basin Model
Model Basin Mississippi shine mafi girman aiki guda ɗaya wanda WES ta gudanar. Shugaban Injiniya Eugene Reybold ne ya fara shi a shekarata 1943. An yi gine-gine daga shekarun 1947 zuwa 1966, kuma iyakarta ta haɗa da mafi yawan kogin Mississippi da magudanan ruwa (ban da babban isa da ƙasa da ƙasa Baton Rouge). An yi amfani da samfurin da aka kammala shi don ƙirƙirar dabarun shawo kan ambaliyar ruwa a lokacin ambaliya ta Afrilu 1952 akan Kogin Missouri. 

## Manufar yanzu
A yau akwai ma'aikata sama da 1,200, [ bukatar sabuntawa ] ciki har da mambobi na cikakken lokaci na Sojojin Amurka . Sama da 650 daga cikin waɗannan ma'aikata injiniyoyi ne da masana kimiyya waɗanda ke aiki a fannoni kamar na'urorin ruwa, nazarin teku, sunadarai, lantarki, kimiyyar lissafi, lissafi, ƙasa, ilimin yanayi, limnology, gandun daji, microbiology .

Ana gudanar da bincike na WES a cikin biyar daban-daban, amma masu alaƙa da juna  dakunan gwaje-gwaje: Laboratory Coastal da Hydraulics Laboratory, Geotechnical Laboratory, Structures Laboratory, Environmental Laboratory, and Information Technology Laboratory.Tarihin injiniya shine labarin maza da mata a cikin ƙoƙarinsu na fahimta, sarrafawa, da kuma daidaita yanayin su. A cikin shekarata 1929 Rundunar Sojojin Amurka na Injiniya sun kafa ƙaramin dakin gwaje-gwaje na injinan ruwa a Vicksburg, Mississippi, don sanin ƙarar mahimmancin aikin bincike na kimiyya a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje a matsayin abin da ya dace da tsohuwar aikin lura da hannaye. Gano abubuwan da suka fito daga dakin gwaje-gwaje, wanda aka nada a matsayin Tashar Gwajin Ruwa, sun biya rabo nan da nan kuma sun haifar da sabon kwarin gwiwa tsakanin al'ummar injiniyan kasar don samun ci gaba mai karfin gwiwa da kalubalanci ko tabbatar da dorewar koyarwa. Wannan nasarar ta farko ta faɗaɗa ayyukan tashar Gwajin Ruwa daga gwaje-gwajen na'ura mai ƙarfi don kogin Mississippi zuwa ƙungiyar Injiniya mai faffadan manufa wacce ta ƙunshi fannonin bincike daban-daban.  

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Yanar Gizo na Rundunar Sojojin Amurka na Cibiyar Bincike da Ci Gaban Injiniya
* Historic American Engineering Record