Superbloom

**Babban bloom** wani abu ne na hamada da ba kasafai ba a cikin California da Arizona wanda yawancin nau'ikan furannin daji da ba a saba gani ba waɗanda iri suka kwanta a cikin ƙasa hamada suna tsiro da fure a kusan lokaci guda. Lamarin yana da alaƙa da lokacin damina da ba a saba gani ba. Wataƙila kalmar ta ci gaba a matsayin lakabi a cikin 1990s.   

Irin wannan abu kuma yana faruwa a kowace shekara a lokacin rigar tare da bakin tekun yammacin Afirka ta Kudu tsakanin Cape Town da Namaqualand;  musamman a wuraren ajiyar yanayi kamar West Coast National Park da Goegap Nature Reserve. 

## Yanayi da ake bukata da jerin abubuwan da suka faru
Yanayin da superbloom zai iya faruwa na musamman ne. Saboda wasu ciyawa masu mamayewa, kamar su bromes, za su yi gasa da furanni na asali don danshi, hamada dole ne ta kasance bushe sosai kafin fure don hana su zama kafawa. Dole ne hamada ta sami ruwan sama a cikin kaka, kuma wannan ruwan sama dole ne ya shiga cikin Matrix na ƙasa don isa ga mafi yawan tsaba masu fure. Idan ruwan sama na gaba ya wuce gona da iri ko ya cika, ana iya ɗaukar ƙananan tsire-tsire a cikin ambaliyar ruwa; idan bai isa ba, tsaba za su mutu daga rashin ruwa.

Bayan haka, ƙasa inda tsaba ke kwance dole ne ya yi dumi a hankali a cikin watanni da yawa waɗanda suka biyo bayan ruwan sama na farko, kuma hamada dole ne ta sami isasshen girgije don kare ƙasa daga zafi mai zafi na rana da kuma rufe shi daga yanayin sanyi na dare. A ƙarshe, da zarar sabbin tsire-tsire sun kai saman ƙasa, hamada dole ne ta kasance ba tare da damuwa da iskõki masu ƙarfi waɗanda za su tumɓuke tsire-shuke ko lalata ƙananan tsire-gyare ba. Rashin  da waɗannan abubuwan shine abin da ke sa superfloom ya zama abin mamaki.

A California, superblooms yawanci yakan faru sau ɗaya a kowace shekara goma ko haka. Wannan ya faru ba sau da yawa ba tun farkon karni na 21 saboda ci gaba da fari. Anza-Borrego Park da Carrizo Plain National Monument wasu daga cikin shahararrun wurare ne don shaida babban fure, kuma fure na 2019 ya kasance mai yawa. Wannan ya biyo bayan wani shekaru biyu kawai da suka gabata, a cikin 2017.

A cikin hamadar Mojave ta kudu maso gabashin California, nau'ikan shuke-shuke na yau da kullun waɗanda suka hada da superblooms sune brittlebushes * (Encelia farinosa) * (fure-fure masu launin rawaya),  California poppies (Eschschscholzia californica) (orange mai haske),  hamada bluebells (* (Phacelia campanularia) * mai zurfi),  lupines (purple), sand verbena * (Abronia) * (yellow), sunflowers (Geraeacelia farin scensonia) (bhrally),  yellow evening brevi), yellowly, yellowly, potries (Ceyte), [4] yellowly potries (cens), Da yawa daga cikin wadannan tsire-tsire suma masu mamayewa ne, kamar mustard na daji.

A Carrizo Plain a California, nau'ikan tsire-tsire daban-daban na shekara-shekara suna tsara facin launi na tsaunuka (Temblor Range da Caliente Range) da filin kwari (Takin Soda). Mahimman launi na tsaunuka suna da launin rawaya ( *Monolopia lanceolata, Caulanthus inflatus* ), purple ( *Phacelia tanacetifolia* ), magenta / duhu ruwan hoda ( *Castilleja exserta* ), da orange ( *Eschscholzia californica, Mentzelia pectinata* ). Mafi rinjayen launi na filin kwari sune rawaya na zinariya ( *Monolopia stricta, Leptosyne calliopsidea* ), kodadde rawaya ( *Layia munzii* ), purple ( *Phacelia ciliata* ), da ruwan hoda mai haske ( *Streptanthus anceps* ). 

### Tasirin yawon bude ido
Superblooms suna kara wayar da kan jama'a game da yankunan karkara na Tarayyar California da kuma wadatattun furanni na jihar. Hakanan yana iya samun sakamako mai kyau, kodayake ta takaice, a kan tattalin arzikin karkara na gida. Ziyarar jama'a da yawa a cikin irin wannan ɗan gajeren lokaci, duk da haka, na iya samun mummunar tasiri. A cikin 2019, babbar hanyar zirga-zirga ta sa Lake Elsinore, California ta rufe damar zuwa Walker Canyon,   babbar hanyar samun dama don kallon superbloom. Yawancin baƙi da ke tafiya a kan hanya na iya haifar da lalacewa ko cire shuke-shuke.

Babban fure na California na 2023 ya biyo bayan 'yan watanni na rigar fiye da matsakaicin yanayi. Abubuwan da suka faru sun isa su gan su daga sararin samaniya ta hanyar tauraron dan adam na NASA Landsat 9 kuma sun ja hankalin baƙi da yawa.

## Algae superflooms
Saboda algae sau da yawa suna haifuwa a cikin manyan rikice-rikice, wanda ake kira algal blooms, ana amfani da kalmar "superfloom" a wasu lokuta don haɓaka algal na ɗan gajeren lokaci wanda ke haifar da lalacewar ruwa a babban sikelin. Baya ga raba mahallin botanical, duk da haka, abubuwan biyu ba su da wani abu iri ɗaya.

## A cikin al'adun gargajiya

* Comedian Darryl Lenox ya ba da sunan kundi na 2021 Super Bloom bayan abin da ya faru. 
* Band Misterwives sun kira kundin su na 2020 "Superbloom" wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar juriya da yake ɗauka don shiga cikin baƙin ciki don fitowa a wancan gefen yana samun hanyar komawa zuwa wani abu mai kyau
* Ƙungiyar Metalcore Silent Planet ta ba da sunan kundi na 2023 "SUPERBLOOM" bayan abin da ya faru.

## Dubi kuma

* Furewar hamada

## Manazarta