Antony Lerman ne adam wata

**Antony Lerman** (an haife shi 11 Maris 1946) marubuci ɗan Biritaniya ne wanda ya ƙware a cikin nazarin kyamar Yahudawa, rikicin Isra'ila da Falasdinu, al'adu da yawa, da wurin addini a cikin al'umma. Daga 2006 zuwa farkon 2009, ya kasance Darakta na Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Yahudawa, cibiyar tunani kan batutuwan da suka shafi al'ummomin Yahudawa a Turai. Daga Disamba 1999 zuwa 2006, ya kasance Babban Jami'in Hanadiv Charitable Foundation, wanda aka sake masa suna Rothschild Foundation Turai a 2007. Shi memba ne wanda ya kafa kungiyar Yahudawa don Adalci da 'Yancin Dan Adam, kuma tsohon editan *[[Alamomin Son Zuciya|Alamun son zuciya]]*, mujallar ilimi kwata kwata da ke mai da hankali kan ilimin zamantakewa na kabilanci da kabilanci. 

Lerman ya yi aiki a Hukumar Runnymede Trust 's Commission on Antisemitism a farkon 1990s, kuma an nada shi a cikin 1998 zuwa Hukumar ta kan makomar Biritaniya mai yawan kabilu. Har ila yau, yana zaune a kan kwamitin shawarwari na nunin Holocaust na Imperial War Museum .  Ya ba da gudummawa ga *The Guardian* .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
yawancin rayuwarsa na farko a cikin Habonim, kuma ya horar da ya zama *madrikh* (shugaban matasa) a Cibiyar Yahudawa ta Kudus don Shugabannin Kasashen Waje. Ya zama *mazkir* na farko na Biritaniya, (shugaban matasa na waje) yana da shekaru 22.  Ya yi aliyah zuwa Isra'ila a 1970, kuma ya zauna a can har 1973. Daga 1979 zuwa 2009, ya yi aiki ga ƙungiyoyin Yahudawa, musamman a matsayin mai bincike na Cibiyar Harkokin Yahudanci, amma kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin darekta na Rothchild's Hanadiv Charity . 

## Sabon antisemitism
A cikin jaridar Isra'ila *Haaretz*, Lerman yayi jayayya cewa manufar " sabon kyamar baki " ya haifar da "sauyi na juyin juya hali a cikin magana game da kyamar Yahudawa". Ya rubuta cewa mafi yawan tattaunawa na zamani game da kyamar Yahudawa sun mayar da hankali kan batutuwan da suka shafi Isra'ila da sahyoniyanci, kuma daidaitawar adawa da sahyoniyanci da kyamar Yahudawa ta zama "sabon al'ada". Ya kara da cewa wannan sake fasalin sau da yawa yakan haifar da "Yahudawa suna kai hari ga wasu Yahudawa saboda zargin kyamar Yahudawan Sihiyonanci". Yayin da Lerman ya yarda da cewa fallasa zargin kin jinin Yahudawa da ake zargin ya zama "halal ne a ka'ida", ya kara da cewa wallafe-wallafen da ke karuwa a wannan fanni "sun wuce kowane dalili"; hare-haren sau da yawa suna da ɗimbin yawa, kuma sun ƙunshi ra'ayoyi waɗanda ba na asali ba na gaba da sahyoniya.

Lerman yayi jayayya cewa wannan sake fasalin ya sami sakamako mara kyau. Ya rubuta cewa bincike mai zurfi na masana game da kyamar Yahudawa na zamani ya zama "kusan babu shi", kuma yanzu ana yin nazari akai-akai kuma ana yin nazari akan batun "mutanen da ba su da cikakkiyar masaniya kan batun, wanda babban manufarsu ita ce kawar da masu sukar Yahudawa na Isra'ila. da kuma inganta daidaiton "anti-Zionism = anti-Semitism". Lerman ya ƙarasa da cewa wannan sake ma'anar ya yi aiki a ƙarshe don murkushe tattaunawa ta halal, kuma ba zai iya haifar da tushen da za a yi yaƙi da kyamar baki ba. 

Lokacin da Yale ya yanke shawarar rufe shirin Yale don Nazarin Tsakanin Tsakanin Ɗabi'a na Anti-Semitism, da yawa sun zarge shi da cewa siyasa ce, saboda rigimar da Initiative ta mayar da hankali kan kyamar Musulmi . Abby Wisse Schachter, mai sharhi a *New York Post* ya rubuta cewa Yale "kusan" ya dakatar da shirin saboda "ya ƙi yin watsi da mafi muni, kisan kiyashi da kuma nau'in kiyayyar Yahudawa a yau: Musulmai masu adawa da Yahudawa."  Amma Lerman ya yi maraba da shawarar, kuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa an siyasantar da ƙungiyar kuma waɗanda ya kamata su yi maraba da mutuwarta da waɗanda "da gaske suke goyan bayan ƙa'idar haƙiƙa, nazarin rashin jin daɗi na antisemitism na zamani." 

Lerman ya yi imanin cewa da'awar cewa London ita ce "matsalar yunkurin kasa da kasa na ba da izini ga Isra'ila kuma Yahudawan Birtaniyya suna fuskantar kullun farfagandar kyamar sahyoniya ta kafafen yada labarai da ke kan iyaka, ko kuma ta yi karo da, kyamar baki" suna wuce gona da iri.  Abin da ya dame shi shi ne tada hankalin tattaunawa kan tasirin da Isra'ila ke yi kan Yahudawan Turai, da kuma yadda karuwar kyamar Yahudawa ke tasiri ga ayyukan da gwamnatin Isra'ila ta dauka. 

## Kiyayyar musulmi
Lerman na ganin alakar da ke tsakanin 'yan adawa na Isra'ila da kungiyoyin masu kyamar Islama a Turai irin su Geert Wilders da kuma jam'iyyarsa ta 'Yanci mai kyamar Musulunci. Wilders da shugabannin wasu jam'iyyu hudu masu ra'ayin mazan jiya sun ziyarci Isra'ila, duk da tushen kyamar Yahudawa. Lerman ya yi tsokaci cewa tun a ranar 11 ga Satumba, Isra'ila ta nemi bayyana kanta da Amurka a matsayin "dan uwan da ta'addancin Islama ya shafa". Kamar yadda Al Qaeda ta aljanu Amurka da Isra'ila, "'yancin yahudawan sahyoniya" sun fara jayayya cewa "sabon kyamar Yahudawa" wata barazana ce mai tasowa, ta haka ta sake mayar da kyamar Yahudawa a matsayin babban maganganun adawa da Isra'ila daga kungiyoyin musulmi. 

Dangane da batun barazanar kyamar baki, Lerman ya nakalto Rabbi David Goldberg cewa: “A halin yanzu, ya zama Bayahude mafi sauki da aminci fiye da musulmi, bakar fata ko kuma mai neman mafaka a gabashin Turai.”  Lerman ya soki harin da *littafin tarihin Yahudawa* ya kai kan gidauniyar Pears yana zarginsu da "makanta ga masu yada farfagandar jihadi". Ya dauki bacin rai game da yunkurin bude tattaunawa da Hamas a matsayin "mai karfafa wariyar launin fata, kyamar baki da ta'addanci", kuma ya dauke ta a matsayin jawaban gaba daya na kyamar musulmi. 

## ''Ƙirƙirar Sihiyoniya da Ƙira''
A cikin littafinsa na 2012, *The Making and Unmaking of a Zionist*, Lerman yayi nazarin matsayinsa a cikin shekaru hamsin, tun daga farkon akidar sahyoniyanci zuwa sukar sahyoniyanci. Shi ba 'anti-Zionist' bane. Ya yi jayayya cewa sahyoniyanci "yarjejeniya ce da aka yi", kamar juyin juya halin Faransa, wani abu da ya faru a baya. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa masu bayyana kansu yahudawan sahyoniya a cikin ƙasashen waje suna da hannu wajen tallafawa mamaya na zalunci, kuma yana mai cewa dole ne Isra'ila ta soke dokar komowa, ta sauya halayenta na yahudawa, ta kuma zama ƙasa ga Yahudawa da Falasɗinawa. Dole ne mazauna waje su zaɓi tsakanin dabi'un duniya da al'adu da yawa, da keɓancewar Yahudawa. 

A cikin op-ed ga *[[New York Times|The New York Times]]* bayan yakin zirin Gaza na 2014, Lerman ya kammala da cewa, “Sahihaniyyanci kawai na kowane sakamako a yau shine kyamar baki da wariya, ƙabilanci-ƙabilanci na Yahudawa wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa ga Almasihun addini. Tana gudanar da aiki ba tare da izini ba na fahimtar kai na kasa don cimma ta hanyar mulkin mallaka da tsarkake kabilar. " 

## wallafe-wallafen da aka zaɓa

; Littattafai

* (ed.) *Antisemitism World Report*. Institute of Jewish Affairs/Institute for Jewish Policy Research, published annually from 1992 to 1998.
* (ed.) *The Jewish Communities of the World. A Comprehensive Guide*. Macmillan, 1989.
* ''The Making and Unmaking of a Zionist,'' Pluto Press, London 2012.
* *Bad News for Labour: Antisemitism, the Party and Public Belief*, Greg Philo, Mike Berry, Justin Schlosberg, Antony Lerman, David Miller, Pluto Press, 2019.
* *Whatever Happened to Antisemitism? Redefinition and the Myth of the 'Collective Jew*', Pluto Press, London 2022

; Takardu

* tare da Kosmin, Barry da Goldberg, Jacqueline. "Haɗin da Yahudawan Birtaniya suka yi wa Isra'ila," Rahoton JPR No. 5, Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Yahudawa, 1997.
* tare da Miller, Stephen da Schmool, Marlena. *Halayen zamantakewa da siyasa na Yahudawan Burtaniya* . Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Yahudawa, 1996.
* "Fictive anti-Zionism: Duniya ta uku, Larabawa da Musulmai Bambance-bambancen," a cikin Wistrich, Robert S. (ed.) *Anti-Zionism da Anti-Semitism a cikin Duniya na zamani* . Macmillan tare da Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Yahudawa, 1990.
* "The Art of Holocaust Tunawa," a cikin *Yahudawa Quarterly*, Autumn 1989.
* "Le Pen da LaRouche: Tsattsauran ra'ayi na Siyasa a cikin Ƙungiyoyin Demokradiyya" a Frankel, William. *Binciken Harkokin Yahudawa, 1987* . Jami'ar Jarida ta Fairleigh Dickinson, 1988.

; Yankunan ra'ayi

* Halatta Lieberman, *The Guardian*, 4 Agusta 2009.
* Dole ne Yahudawa ko da yaushe suna ganin kansu a matsayin waɗanda abin ya shafa? , *The Independent*, Maris 7, 2009.
* Ƙaunar da ba ta dace ba, *New Stateman*, 11 Disamba 2008.
* Yahudawa suna kai wa Yahudawa hari, *Haaretz*, 7 ga Oktoba, 2008.
* Sense on anti-Semitism, *Prospect*, fitowa ta 77, Agusta 2002.

## manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Dandalin Yahudawa don Adalci da 'Yancin Dan Adam
* Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Yahudawa
* CQ Global Researcher Anti-Semitism in Europe v.2-6 , Rahoton 2008 daga *Majalisa na Kwata-kwata* akan anti-Semitism a Turai, ya ƙunshi muhawara tsakanin Lerman da Ben Cohen.
* Hirsch, David. Kada ku tsare Yahudawa a kan kujera , *Labarin Yahudanci*, 7 Afrilu 2009.