open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Chris Jury

**Chris Jury** (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1956) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Ingila, marubuci kuma darektan tare da kewayon ƙididdigar talabijin. An fi saninsa da rawar da ya taka a matsayin Eric Catchpole a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen Talabijin na BBC Lovejoy, wanda ya buga tsakanin 1986 (jerin 1) da 1993 (jerin 5), tare da taƙaitaccen dawowa a 1994 (jerin 6), don wasan kwaikwayon na ƙarshe.

Jury ya yi karatun Drama / Turanci a Jami'ar Hull kuma ya fara aiki a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a gidan wasan kwaikwayo tare da sunayen kamar Mike Bradwell, Danny Boyle da Anthony Minghella, kuma tare da kamfanoni daban-daban kamar Hull Truck, Bush da Stratford East.

Bayan ya sanya sunansa a cikin Lovejoy, Jury ya kasance mai karfi don yin Doctor na bakwai a cikin Doctor Who a cikin 1987, rawar da aka jefa tare da Sylvester McCoy.  Shekara guda bayan haka, Jury ya bayyana a matsayin baƙo a cikin labarin The Greatest Show in the Galaxy . 

Ta hanyar kamfaninsa, Picture That, a cikin 1993 ya samar kuma ya ba da umarni To Baldly Go, wani ɗan gajeren wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya wanda aka sayar wa Channel 4 a Burtaniya, kuma ya sami kwangilar rarraba ta duniya, yana siyarwa ga tashoshin talabijin da yawa a duk faɗin Turai da Amurka. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci yana aiki a ci gaban rubutun wasan kwaikwayo a BBC Pebble Mill, a Birmingham, a cikin 1996 ya yi wasu gajeren fina-finai guda biyu don Picture That: *Poppy's Present*, wanda ya samar kuma ya ba da umarni, da *Puke Fiction (The Vomit Trilogy) *, wanda ya rubuta kuma ya ba le umarni.

An nuna Puke Fiction a gasar a Ritzy Cinema a Brixton kuma ya lashe lambar yabo ta Electric Pavilion, don Mafi Kyawun Fim, wanda Halloween Society ta bayar. An kuma zaba shi don nunawa a ICA a matsayin wani ɓangare na 'Uncut' lokacin gajeren fina-finai kuma an nuna shi a cikin sashin 'British Shorts' na bikin fina-fakka na Manchester da Big Fix Festival a Birmingham. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;**&#x5D;

Ayyukansa na watsa shirye-shiryen sun hada da Dream Team, Coronation Street, Crossroads, Family Affairs da kuma abubuwan da suka faru sama da 40 na EastEnders. Ayyukansa na rubuce-rubuce sun haɗa da, The Dig, wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na Cambridge, Mancini's Empire, One Inch of Heaven, Roeg's Rage, Wired, tare da abubuwan da suka faru da yawa na The Bill da Doctors, Casualty da Holby City. Ya kuma bayyana a matsayin malami Mista Knowles a *[[Grange Hill]]* . A shekara ta 2006 ya koma rubuce-rubuce na fina-finai ciki har da Human Resources . 

Ya ba da lacca game da rubuce-rubuce da fina-finai da shirye-shiryen talabijin a Jami'ar West London, Jami'ar Leeds Metropolitan, Jami'an Bath Spa, Kwalejin Ruskin Oxford, Jami'a Of The Creative Arts . 

## Hotunan da aka zaɓa

## Manazarta
Wuri Mai Tsarki na Boabeng-Fiema

**Wurin Tsabtace Namun Dabbobin Boabeng-Fiema** yana nan a Boaben da Fiema, tagwayen al'ummomi masu nisan kilomita 22 daga Gundumar Arewa ta Nkoranza ta yankin Gabashin Bono, Ghana .  Dajin mai fadin murabba'in kilomita 4.4 (kilomita 2 ), wanda ake kyautata zaton an ƙirƙira shi a shekarun 1970, yana ɗauke da bishiyoyi da yawa, tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu rarrafe, barewa da birai, biyu daga cikinsu sune Geoffrey's pied colobus da Campbell mona biri .  

Gida ne ga birai kusan 700. Ƙauyen al'umma ne da birai da mutane ke zaune tare. Mazauna ƙauyen koyaushe suna barin abinci a wajen gidajensu ga dabbobi. Birai suna ganin mutane a matsayin nasu.

Birai a cikin wurin ibada suna da kariya daga dokokin gargajiya na yankin. Wurin ibada yana aiki a matsayin wurin yawon bude ido na ƙasa kuma ana iya isa gare shi ta hanya.

## Manazarta
Gundumar Dayi ta kudu

**Gundumar Dayi ta Kudu** tana ɗaya daga cikin gundumomi goma sha takwas a Yankin Volta, Ghana .  Da farko, a da, tana cikin **Gundumar Kpando** mafi girma a wancan lokacin a ranar 10 ga Maris 1989, har sai da aka raba kudancin gundumar ta hanyar umarnin shugaban ƙasa John Agyekum Kufuor a ranar 19 ga Agusta 2004 don ƙirƙirar **Gundumar Dayi ta Kudu** ;  don haka an riƙe sauran ɓangaren a matsayin **Gundumar Kpando** (wanda aka ɗaga shi zuwa matsayin majalisar gunduma ta birni a ranar 28 ga Yuni 2012 don zama **Gundumar Kpando** ). Majalisar gunduma tana cikin yammacin Yankin Volta kuma tana da Kpeve a matsayin babban birninta.

## Bayani
Gundumomin suna ɗaya daga cikin gundumomi goma sha takwas a Yankin Volta na Ghana . Sun ƙunshi gundumomi 6 na ƙananan hukumomi da gundumomi 12 na yau da kullun tun bayan zaɓen raba gardama da sake fasalin yankuna a watan Disamba na 2018. 

## Iyakoki
Gundumar ta ƙunshi wani ɓangare na abin da a da yake kudancin tsohuwar gundumar Kpando, don haka ta rage girman na ƙarshen. Gundumar South Dayi tana tsakanin latitude 3°20N da 3.5°05N. Tana da kusan a kan tsayin 0°17 E. Gundumar tana da jimillar yanki na 1,000.&nbsp;km² tare da Tafkin Volta, babban tafki na wucin gadi a duniya, wanda ya mamaye kusan kashi 20% na wannan. 

Gundumar Dayi ta Kudu tana da iyaka da:

* Gundumar Afadjato ta Kudu, Tafkin Volta da Gundumar Kpando a arewa;
* Tafkin Volta zuwa yamma
* Gundumar Asuogyaman a Yankin Gabas a kudu da kuma
* Gundumar Ho ta Yamma a gabas.

### Filayen Jiragen Sama
Babu filin jirgin sama a gundumar. Filin jirgin sama mafi kusa shine Filin jirgin saman Ho a babban birnin yankin. An fara gininsa a shekarar 2015.  Duk da haka, saboda dalilai na kuɗi, kamfanonin jiragen sama na cikin gida sun dakatar da zirga-zirgar jiragen kasuwanci na yau da kullun zuwa filin jirgin.  Filin jirgin sama mafi kusa da ke da jiragen sama na yau da kullun shine Filin jirgin saman Kotoka na Kasa da Kasa da ke Accra . 

## Manazarta
Fasahar marayu

**Fasahar marayu** tana nufin Fasahar kwamfuta da masu haɓaka su na asali suka watsar. Sabanin lalacewa, wanda ke da sauyawa a hankali daga tsohuwar fasaha zuwa sabuwar fasaha, ana watsar da fasahar marayu nan da nan ko kuma ba tare da maye gurbin kai tsaye ba. Ba kamar abandonware ba, fasahar marayu tana nufin software da kayan aiki da ayyukan da ke kewaye da su.

## Tunanin
Duk da yake ana iya watsar da fasaha saboda ƙirar da ba ta dace ba ko aiwatarwa mara kyau, watsar da fasahar na iya faruwa saboda dalilai da yawa. Akwai lokuta inda ake fitar da kayayyaki daga kasuwa saboda ba su da damar aiki a matsayin kasuwancin kasuwanci, kamar wasu fasahar kiwon lafiya.

Fasahar marayu saboda gazawar daga bangaren masu haɓaka farawa na iya karɓar wani mai saka hannun jari. Ɗaya daga cikin misalai shine Wink, Fasahar IoT maraya lokacin da kamfanin iyayenta Quirky ya shigar da karar fatarar kuɗi. Dandalin, duk da haka, ya ci gaba bayan wani kamfani, Flex ya sayi shi.

## Misalai
Wasu misalai na fasahar marayu sun hada da:

* Apple Lisa - kwamfuta mai zane 16/32-bit
* Apple Newton PDA (Apple Newton) - kwamfutar hannu
* Apple Classic Mac OS - tsarin aiki na m68k da PowerPC
* Coleco ADAM - kwamfutar gida ta 8-bit
* DEC Alpha - microprocessor na 64-bit
* Finale (marubucin) software na kiɗa wanda MakeMusic ya haɓaka daga 1988 har zuwa 2024 
* HyperCard - hypermedia
* ICAD (KBE)  - aikin injiniya na ilimi
* Javelin Software - ƙira da bincike na bayanai
* Injin LISP - Kwamfutocin da aka tsara da LISP
* Mattel Aquarius
* Microsoft Bob - mai taimakawa mai zane
* Shirin Bayanan Mosaic - aikace-aikacen Bayanan Kiɗa ta Mark of the Unicorn 
* Open Music System - Gibson 
* OpenDoc - takardun hadaddun (Mac OS, OS/2) 
* Poly-1 - kwamfuta mai layi daya da aka tsara a New Zealand don amfani da ilimi da horo
* Prograph - tsarin shirye-shiryen gani
* TI 99/4A - kwamfutar gida ta 16-bit
* Windows 9x - tsarin aiki na x86

Tsarin aiki na Symbolics Inc, Genera da OpenGenera, sun kasance marayu sau biyu, yayin da aka tura su daga injunan LISP zuwa kwamfutoci ta amfani da Alfa 64-bit CPU. [An buƙaci ƙarin bayani] &#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Ƙungiyoyin masu amfani
Ƙungiyoyin masu amfani galibi suna wanzu don takamaiman fasahar marayu, kamar The Hong Kong Newton User Group, [undefined] Symbolics Lisp [Machines] Users' Group (wanda yanzu ake kira Association of Lisp Users), [1] da Newton Reference. [2] Kungiyar Save Sibelius ta samo asali ne saboda masu amfani da Sibelius (marubucin) sun ji tsoron aikace-aikacen zai zama marayu bayan masu shi Avid Tech sun kori mafi yawan ƙungiyar ci gaba, waɗanda daga baya Steinberg ya hayar su don haɓaka samfurin mai gasa, Dorico . [3][4][5]

## Dubi kuma

* Ayyukan marayu
* Abandonware
* Tsarin da aka tsara

## Manazarta
Mark Collier

**Mark Collier** tsohon shugaban kasuwancin Burtaniya ne kuma ɗan kasuwa na fintech.

## Ayyuka
A shekara ta 1996, Collier ya yi murabus daga matsayinsa a Fidelity don zama Shugaba na Charles Schwab International. A cewar The Wall Street Journal, an nada shi ya jagoranci ayyukan Schwab na Turai a matsayin wani ɓangare na dabarun fadadawa.

A ƙarshen shekarun 1990, yana aiki a matsayin Shugaban Charles Schwab Turai, inda ya taimaka wajen fadada ayyukan dillalai na kamfanin zuwa kasuwar Burtaniya. A shekara ta 1998, ya kula da ƙaddamar da dandalin kasuwanci mai mahimmanci wanda aka tsara don ba masu saka hannun jari na Burtaniya damar cinikin hannun jari ta atomatik ta wayar - na farko a yankin a lokacin. Collier ya bayyana sabon abu a matsayin wani ɓangare na manufar Schwab na kwaikwayon tsarin Amurka a Turai.

A shekara ta 1998, Collier ya bar Schwab don ya kafa Investia Ltd, kamfanin fasahar kudi na Burtaniya wanda ke mai da hankali kan rarraba kudade. Tare da ƙungiyar injiniyoyi daga kamfanoni irin su Sun Microsystems da Fidelity, Investia ta haɓaka Javelin, dandalin da aka tsara don haɗa manajojin kuɗi tare da bankunan da masu ba da shawara kan kuɗi. Tsarin ya yi amfani da gine-ginen tsari tare da APIs da saƙon tushen FIX, yana ba da damar ma'amaloli na asusun ƙetare don duka kasuwanni na tallace-tallace da na hukumomi.

A cikin 2000, Investia ta yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Bankin Chase Manhattan don ƙirƙirar FundsHub, dandalin saka hannun jari na waje don bankunan da masu inshora. Collier ya zama shugaban da Shugaba na hadin gwiwa. An bayyana dandalin a lokacin a matsayin yunkurin dabarun canza rarraba kudade a Turai ta hanyar ba da damar cibiyoyin kuɗi don ba da sabis na saka hannun jari na kan layi a ƙarƙashin alamun su.

An ambaci Collier akai-akai a cikin wallafe-wallafen kudi a ƙarshen shekarun 1990 da farkon shekarun 2000 dangane da aikinsa a Investia da FundsHub . A cikin 1999, an nakalto shi a cikin The Independent yana tattauna yiwuwar dandamali na asusun kan layi a Turai. Har ila yau, *Euromoney*, Financial News, *Finextra*, da Investment Week sun rufe aikinsa.

## Ayyukansa na baya
A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, Collier ya rike mukamai masu ba da shawara da wadanda ba na zartarwa ba a kamfanoni da yawa a cikin ayyukan kudi da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, gami da matsayi a Alexander Forbes, Assupol, Sigma Pensions, Bajaj Capital, XP Investimentos, da Duddell Street Acquisition Corp.

## Manazarta
Tattalin arzikin robot

Tattalin arzikin robot shine nazarin kasuwa don Robots. Kasuwancin robot suna aiki ta hanyar hulɗar masu yin robot da masu amfani da robot. A matsayin (a wani bangare) wani abu na samarwa, robots suna da alaƙa da / ko maye gurbin wasu dalilai, kamar aiki da (ba robot ba) kayan jari. Wani bangare na tattalin arzikin robot yana la'akari da tasirin gabatar da robots a kasuwanni don waɗancan sauran dalilai da kuma samfuran da robots ke taimakawa samarwa.

Robots suna yadawa a duk faɗin tattalin arziki, a fannoni kamar noma, magani da siyarwa.

## Kasuwanci

### Aikin noma
Amfani da robots a cikin aikin gona ya fara ne da tsarin shayarwa na atomatik. Kwanan nan, an fara amfani da robots na noma a girbi, yanka, shuka, fesawa da sarrafa kayan aiki.

### Magunguna
Ana iya rarraba robots na kiwon lafiya a cikin sassa biyar: tiyata, farfadowa, aikin rediyo mara mamayewa, asibiti da kantin magani da sauransu. Aikin tiyata da aka taimaka wa mutum zai iya inganta daidaito. Koyaya, robots na kiwon lafiya na iya ƙara farashi.

An kimanta kasuwar a dala miliyan 1,781 a shekarar 2013. Sashe na robots na asibiti da na kantin magani sun karu da sauri.

### Kasuwanci
Ana iya amfani da robots a cikin tallace-tallace don taimakawa kwastomomi samun abubuwa, kiyaye bin diddigin kayayyaki a kan ɗakunan ajiya, har ma da hulɗa tare da kwastomomin.

## Masu sana'a
Manyan mahalarta da ke aiki a kasuwar robotic ta duniya sun hada da Samsung Electronics, iRobot, Toyota Motor Corporation, AB Electrolux, Hanool Robotics, Fujitsu Frontech Limited, LG Electronics, Fujutsu, Sony Corporation, Yujin Robot da GeckoSystems.

## Manazarta
NTA Kano

**NTA Kano** Cibiyar sadarwa ce ta Hukumar Talabijin ta Najeriya a Jihar Kano . Ya maye gurbin tashar rediyo ta Rediyo Kaduna Television a kan kirkirar sabbin jihohi da NTA.

## Tarihi
Kano ta kasance wani ɓangare na Yankin Arewa, kuma tashar rediyo ta Radio Kaduna Television ce ta yi aiki da ita, an shigar da ita a watan Fabrairun 1963. A ranar 17 ga Oktoba 1976, NTV Kano ta fara watsa shirye-shirye (ta riga ta kasance a launi) a tashar VHF 5 a Kano, tashar 7 a Birnin Kudu da tashar 8 a Arbus don rufe dukkan jihar, da kuma sassan Borno da Bauchi. Ana iya karɓar siginar a wasu sassan kudancin Nijar ta hanyar zubar da ruwa.

Tare da kafa Hukumar Talabijin ta Najeriya a shekarar 1977, an sanya Kano a cikin Yankin D, tare da NTA Kaduna da NTA Jos (tsohuwar Benue-Plateau Television) tare da Kaduna kasancewa Cibiyar Sadarwar Yankin. Ya zuwa 1979, NTA Kaduna har yanzu tana samar da shirin rabin sa'a na mako-mako da nufin Kano, Focus on Kano State . 

A farkon shekarun 1980, tashar ta sami sabbin ɗakunan karatu da sabbin kayan aikin da aka horar, don samar da shirye-shirye don Sabis ɗin Cibiyar sadarwa, da musayar abun ciki tare da sauran tashoshin NTA. Tsakanin 2 ga Oktoba 1977 da 6 ga Yuni 2003, tashar ta watsa fina-finai 1,176 na Hindi, na farko daga cikinsu shine *Ann Bonn*.

Tashar ta shigar da sabon mai watsawa a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2000. An tsara tsare-tsare a watan Satumbar 2008 don yin kira ga tashar ta zama Cibiyar Cibiyar sadarwa.

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* NTA Kanoa kanFacebook
Vivienne Westwood

**Dame Vivienne Isabel Westwood** (punk" data-linkid="119" href="./Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Birth name">née Swire; 8 Afrilu 1941 - 29 Disamba 2022) ta kasance mai tsara kayan ado ta Ingila kuma 'yar kasuwa, wacce ke da alhakin kawo kayan zamani da sabbin kayan ado a cikin al'ada. A cikin 2022, Sky Arts ta sanya ta a matsayin mai zane na 4 mafi tasiri a Burtaniya na shekaru 50 da suka gabata.

Westwood ta zo ga jama'a lokacin da ta yi tufafi don boutique wanda ita da Malcolm McLaren suka gudu a kan King's Road, wanda ya zama sananne da Jima'i. Ikon su na daidaita tufafi da kiɗa ya tsara yanayin punk na Burtaniya na 1970, wanda ya haɗa da ƙungiyar McLaren, Sex Pistols . Ta kalli punk a matsayin hanyar "ganin idan mutum zai iya sanya magana a cikin tsarin".

Westwood ta bude shaguna huɗu a Landan kuma daga ƙarshe ta fadada a duk faɗin Burtaniya da duniya, tana sayar da kayayyaki daban-daban, wasu daga cikinsu sun inganta abubuwan da suka haifar da siyasa kamar Kamfen don Kashe Makaman Nukiliya, Canjin yanayi da kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama.

## Rayuwa da aiki

### Shekaru na farko
An haifi Westwood a Hollingworth, Cheshire,   a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 1941.   Ta girma a Tintwistle da ke kusa, kuma 'yar Gordon Swire ce da Dora Swire (née Ball), waɗanda suka yi aure shekaru biyu da suka gabata, makonni biyu bayan barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu .  A lokacin haihuwar Vivienne, mahaifinta yana aiki a matsayin mai adana kaya a masana'antar jiragen sama; a da yana aiki a matsayin mai sayar da kayan lambu

A shekara ta 1958, iyalinta suka koma Harrow, Greater London . Westwood ya ɗauki darasi na kayan ado da azurfa a Harrow Art School (yanzu wani ɓangare na Jami'ar Westminster)  amma ya bar bayan wani lokaci, yana cewa: "Ban san yadda yarinya mai aiki kamar ni za ta iya samun rayuwa a duniyar fasaha ba".  Bayan ta dauki aiki a masana'anta kuma ta yi karatu a kwalejin horar da malamai, ta zama malamar makarantar firamare. A wannan lokacin, ta kirkiro kayan ado nata, wanda ta sayar a wani shago a kan titin Portobello.

A shekara ta 1962, ta sadu da Derek Westwood, mai koyo a masana'antar Hoover, a Harrow .  Sun yi aure a ranar 21 ga Yulin 1962; Westwood ta yi nata rigar bikin aure. A shekara ta 1963, ta haifi ɗa, Benjamin . 

Auren Westwood da Derek ya ƙare bayan ta sadu da Malcolm McLaren. Westwood da McLaren sun koma Kotun Thurleigh a Clapham, inda aka haifi ɗansu Joseph Corré a shekarar 1967. Westwood ya ci gaba da koyarwa har zuwa 1971 kuma ya kirkiro tufafin da McLaren ya tsara. McLaren ya zama manajan ƙungiyar punk na Sex Pistols, kuma daga baya biyun sun jawo hankali yayin da ƙungiyar ta sa ƙirar Westwood da McLaren.

## manazarta
Fifikon (gajeren labari)

"Superiority" wani ɗan gajeren labari ne na fiction na kimiyya wanda marubucin Burtaniya Arthur C. Clarkenbsp; ya rubuta, wanda aka fara bugawa a shekarar 1951. Yana nuna tseren makamai a lokacin yakin basasa. Yana nuna bangaren da ya fi ci gaba da fasaha, duk da girmansa, saboda shirye-shiryensa na watsar da tsohuwar fasaha ba tare da kammala sabuwar ba. A halin yanzu, abokan gaba sun ci gaba da gina manyan makamai waɗanda yayin da suka fi dacewa sun fi amintacce. Labarin ya kasance a wani lokaci ana buƙatar karatu don karatun ƙirar masana'antu a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts . 

## Makirci
An ba da labarin a cikin hanyar wasika ta roƙo ga kotun da ke yanke shawarar makomar tsohon kwamandan babban rundunar sararin samaniya. Ya fara wasikar ta hanyar bayyana cewa cin nasarar su ta ƙarshe ba saboda ƙarancin sojojin su ba ne, amma mafi girman su.

Lokacin da yaƙin ya buɗe, sojojin hadin gwiwa suna da babbar fa'ida a yawan jiragen sama da ikon makaman su. A yakin biyar na rana abokin gaba ya yi abin mamaki sosai, kodayake ya rasa. Tsoro, abokan hulɗa sun tattauna da sabon Shugaban Ma'aikatan Bincike, Farfesa-Janar Norden. Ya bayyana cewa makaman da suke da su sun kai iyakar yiwuwar kuma sun fara bunkasa sabbin makamai masu karfi.

Na farko daga cikin wadannan ana jinkirta shi akai-akai, kuma abokan hulɗa sun dakatar da hare-haren su yayin da suke jiran jiragensu su kasance tare da sabbin makamai masu linzami. Maƙiya suna amfani da waɗannan jinkiri don kama tsoffin tsarin haɗin gwiwa da yawa. Maimakon kawai mayar da martani tare da makaman su na yanzu, Norden har yanzu yana haɓaka sabbin makamai waɗanda za su biya waɗannan asarar. Kowane mutum yana da nasara na ɗan lokaci, amma kowannensu yana haifar da matsalolin da ba za a iya shawo kansu ba da ƙarin asarar.

Labarin ya ƙare tare da marubucin ya yarda da cin nasarar su, amma yana rokon amincewar kotun saboda ba za a iya ɗaukar alhakin ayyukan da na yi a nan gaba ba idan an tilasta ni sake raba tantaninmu tare da Farfesa Norden, marigayi Shugaban Ma'aikatan Bincike na sojojin na.

## Bugawa
Bayan da aka fara bugawa a cikin fitowar Agusta 1951 na The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, an haɗa "Superiority" a cikin littafin Clarke na 1953 Expedition to Earth, littafin 1981 The 7 Cardinal Virtues of Science Fiction (inda yake wakiltar kamewa), tarin tarihin kimiyya na soja na 1987 Battlefields Beyond Tomorrow, da kuma littafin 2001 The Best Military Science Fiction of the 20th Century.

## Dubi kuma

* *Labaran da aka tattara na Arthur C. Clarke*
* Fifikon yaudara
* Kudin da aka yi amfani da shi
* Kudin dama
* Sakamakon da ba a yi niyya ba
* Makamai masu ban mamaki

## Manazarta
Dokar Swanson

**Dokar Swanson** ita ce lura cewa farashin kayan aikin hasken rana yana raguwa da kashi 20 cikin dari ga kowane ninki biyu na yawan jigilar kaya. A halin yanzu, farashin yana raguwa 75% game da kowane shekaru 10.

## Asalin
An sanya masa suna ne bayan Richard Swanson, wanda ya kafa Kamfanin SunPower, mai ƙera bangon hasken rana. Kalmar *Dokar Swanson* ta bayyana ta samo asali ne daga wata kasida a cikin The Economist da aka buga a ƙarshen 2012. Swanson ya kasance yana gabatar da irin waɗannan hanyoyin a taron fasaha na shekaru da yawa.

An kwatanta dokar Swanson da Dokar Moore, wanda ke hango karuwar ikon lissafi na masu sarrafawa. Dokar Swanson ita ce takamaiman aikace-aikacen masana'antar hasken rana na Dokar Wright ta gaba ɗaya wanda ya bayyana cewa za a sami raguwar farashi don kowane ninki biyu na ƙarar masana'antu.

## Tushen fasaha
Hanyar da Swanson ya yi amfani da ita galibi ana kiranta da *tsarin ilmantarwa* ko kuma ingantaccen *ƙwarewar ƙwarewa*. An fara haɓaka shi kuma an yi amfani da shi ga masana'antar jirgin sama a cikin 1936 ta hanyar Theodore Paul Wright .  Akwai rahotanni game da cewa an fara amfani da shi ga masana'antar photovoltaics a 1975, kuma ya ga amfani da shi sosai tun daga farkon shekarun 1990.

Farashin sel na photovoltaic na silicon crystalline ya fadi daga $ 76.67 a kowace watt a 1977 zuwa $ 0.36 a kowace watt.   Shirya farashin tsari (a cikin $ / Wp) idan aka kwatanta da lokaci yana nuna raguwa da kashi 10% a kowace shekara.

## Dubi kuma

* Tattalin arzikin sikelin
* Girman photovoltaics
* Tsarin ilmantarwa
* Shirin Log-log
* Dokar Moore
* Tsarin photovoltaic
* Dokar Wright
* Dokar Engelbart

## Manazarta
Zaben Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Zamfara na 2019

An gudanar da **Zaben Majalisar Dokokin Jihar [[Zamfara]] na 2019** a ranar 9 ga Maris, 2019, don zabar mambobin Majalisar Dokokin Jiha ta Zamfara a Najeriya. Dukkanin kujeru 24 sun kasance don zabe a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Zamfara . 

## Sakamako
Sakamakon zaben an jera shi a ƙasa.

* Lawan Liman daga APC ya lashe **Mazabar [[Kaura Namoda]] ta Arewa**
* Abubakar Kaura daga APC ya lashe **Mazabar Kaura Namoda ta Kudu**
* Kabiru Moyi daga APC ya lashe **Mazabar [[Birnin-Magaji/Kiyaw|Birnin Magaji]]**
* Yusif Moriki daga APC ya lashe **Mazabar [[Zurmi]] ta Gabas**
* Mannir Aliyu daga APC ya lashe mazabar Zurmi West**Mazabar Zurmi ta Yamma**
* Shehu Maiwurno daga APC ya lashe **Mazabar [[Shinkafi]]**
* Aliyu Abubakar daga APC ya lashe **Mazabar [[Tsafe]] ta Gabas**
* Aminu Danjibua daga APC ya lashe mazabar Tsafe West**Mazabar Tsafe ta Yamma**
* Dalhatu Magami daga APC ya lashe mazabar Gusau ta Gabas**Gundumar [[Gusau]] ta Gabas**
* Sanusi Liman daga APC ya lashe mazabar Gusau West**Mazabar Gusau ta Yamma**
* Ibrahim Hassan daga APC ya lashe mazabar Bungudu ta Gabas**Yankin [[Bungudu]] na Gabas**
* Yakubu Bature daga APC ya lashe mazabar Bungudu West**Yankin Bungudu na Yamma**
* Ibrahim Habu daga APC ya lashe **Mazabar [[Maru (Nijeriya)|Maru]] ta Arewa**
* Haruna Abdullahi daga APC ya lashe **Mazabar Maru ta Kudu**
* Mustapha Gado daga APC ya lashe mazabar Anka**Gundumar [[Anka (Nijeriya)|Anka]]**
* Isah Abdulmumini daga APC ya lashe mazabar Talata Mafara ta Arewa**Gundumar [[Talata-Mafara|Talata Mafara]] ta Arewa**
* Aliyu Kagara daga APC ya lashe mazabar Talata Mafara ta Kudu**Gundumar Talata Mafara ta Kudu**
* Mohammed Sani daga APC ya lashe mazabar Bakura**Gundumar [[Bakura (Nijeriya)|Bakura]]**
* Yahaya Shehu daga APC ya lashe **Mazabar [[Maradun]]**
* Yahaya Abdullahi daga APC ya lashe **Mazabar Maradun**
* Aliyu Gayari daga APC ya lashe mazabar Gummi**Gundumar [[Gumi|Gummi]]**
* Aminu Falale daga APC ya lashe mazabar Gummi**Gundumar Gummi**
* Yahaya Jibrin daga APC ya lashe mazabar Bukkuyum ta Arewa**Gundumar [[Bukkuyum]] ta Arewa**
* Tukur Dantawasa daga APC ya lashe mazabar Bukkuyum ta Kudu**Gundumar Bukkuyum ta Kudu**

## Manazarta
Terry Davis (ɗan siyasa)

**Terence Anthony Gordon Davis** CMG PC (5 ga watan Janairun 1938 - 9 ga watan Disamba 2024) ɗan siyasan Jam'iyyar Labour Party ne kuma ɗan kasuwa. Ya kasance memba na majalisar (MP) na Bromsgrove daga 1971 zuwa 1974, kuma na Birmingham Stechford da wurin zama na magajinsa, Birmingham Hodge Hill, daga 1979 zuwa 2004. Ya kasance Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Turai daga 2004 zuwa 2009.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Davis a Stourbridge a ranar 5 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1938.  Ya tafi King Edward VI Grammar School (yanzu King Edward VI College) a Stourbridge . 

Davis ya kammala karatu a Kwalejin Jami'ar London,  inda ya sami digiri na LLB a 1962, da kuma Jami'ar Michigan ta Ross School of Business, inda ya sami laMBA yabo ta MBA a 1962. Ya kasance babban jami'in kamfanin daga 1962 zuwa 1971 na Esso, takalma na Clarks da Chrysler Parts. Daga 1974 zuwa 1979, ya kasance manajan a masana'antar motoci, tare da Leyland Cars . 

## Ayyukan siyasa
Davis ya shiga jam'iyyar Labour a shekarar 1965. An zabe shi a Majalisar Gundumar Yeovil, wanda ke wakiltar unguwar ƙauyen Long Load, a cikin 1967, a cikin abin da ya kasance zaben farko da aka yi a unguwar.

A Babban zaben 1970, Davis ya tsaya ba tare da nasara ba a Mazabar Bromsgrove mai gudanarwa, ya kammala na biyu na 'yan takara biyu tare da 41.5% na kuri'un. Dan majalisa mai zaman kansa, James Dance, ya mutu a shekara mai zuwa, kuma Davis ya lashe zaben da ya haifar.

An soke mazabar Bromsgrove a cikin canje-canjen iyaka don Babban zaben Fabrairu 1974, kuma a cikin sabon mazabar Brmsgrove da Redditch, Davis ya rasa ga Conservative Hal Miller. Ya sake tsayawa a Babban zaben Oktoba 1974 kuma ya sake rasa. A zaben 1979, matarsa Anne ta yi takarar kujerar Labour kuma ta rasa ta hanyar mafi girma.

A shekara ta 1977, an nada dan majalisa na Birmingham Stechford, Roy Jenkins, a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar Tarayyar Turai, kuma an zabi Davis a matsayin dan takarar Labour a zaben. Ya rasa kuri'u 1,949 ga mai ra'ayin mazan jiya Andrew MacKay, amma a Babban zaben 1979, ya lashe kujerar tare da rinjaye na 1,649. 

An soke mazabar Stechford a cikin canje-canjen iyaka don Babban zaben 1983, kuma an sake zabar Davis a cikin mazabar da ta gaji Birmingham Hodge Hill . Ya rike wannan kujerar har sai da ya yi ritaya daga House of Commons shekaru 21 bayan haka.

A shekara ta 2004 an zabe shi Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Turai,  kuma ya sanar da niyyarsa ta tsaya daga majalisar dokokin Burtaniya ta hanyar neman shugabancin Chiltern Hundreds . An gudanar da zaben ne a ranar 15 ga watan Yuli kuma Liam Byrne na Labour ya lashe. Ya bar Majalisar Turai a ranar 31 ga watan Agusta 2009. An nada shi Aboki na Order of St Michael da St George (CMG) a cikin 2010 New Year Honours . 

## Rayuwa da mutuwarsa
Davis ta auri Anne Cooper a shekarar 1963. Suna da ɗa da 'yar. Davis ya mutu a ranar 9 ga Disamba 2024, yana da shekaru 86. 

## Manazarta
Linus Okorie

**Linus Chinedu Okorie** MFR (an haife shi a shekara ta 1974) mai ba da shawara ne kan shugabancin Najeriya, marubuci, kuma wanda ya kafa Guardians of the Nation International (GOTNI),  kungiya ce mai ba da riba wacce ta horar da kuma kula da zaɓaɓɓun jami'ai da kuma jama'a gaba ɗaya kan ingantaccen jagoranci na shekaru 25 da suka gabata.  A shekara ta 2022, ya sami lambar yabo ta kasa ta Najeriya ta memba na Order of the Federal Republic (MFR)  da kuma dan takarar Gwamnatin Jihar Imo ta 2019 a karkashin Jam'iyyar Young Progressives .  

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Okorie kuma ta girma a Kumba, Kamaru, amma ta fito ne daga Egbuoma a Oguta LGA na Jihar Imo, Najeriya. Ya yi karatun Tarihi da Dangantaka ta Duniya a Jami'ar Jihar Imo, Owerri inda ya zama shugaban kungiyar dalibai na farko a shekarar 2005 kuma yana da digiri na biyu a kan Jagorancin Kungiya daga Jami'ar Regent.

## Karramawa da kyaututtuka
Okorie ya sami lambar yabo ta girmamawa ta Najeriya ta memba na Order of the Federal Republic (MFR) daga Shugaba Muhammadu Buhari don nuna godiya ga gudummawar da ya bayar ga ci gaban jagoranci a Najeriya. An ba shi lambar yabo tare da Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, Amina Mohammed, Herbert Wigwe, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, da sauransu.

An lissafa shi a cikin jerin gumakan Afirka na 2023 100 Mafi Mashahuriyar gumakan Zaman Lafiya  kuma a cikin 2023 ya sami Kyautar Kyauta a Ci gaban Jagora ta Jaridar Daily ta Kasa. 

## Manazarta
A. Cecil Edwards

**Arthur Cecil Edwards** (1881 - 1953 ko 1957) ya kasance dillali ne kuma yana da iko a kan Kafet na Farisa. Ya kasance manajan darektan masana'antun kafet na Gabas da ke zaune a Turkiyya.

## Rayuwa ta farko da iyali
An haifi Arthur Edwards a Constantinople a shekarar 1881 ga Charles Reed Edwards (an haife shi a Landan) da Louise Baker (an haife shi a Constantinople).  A shekarar 1909, Edwards ya auri Clara Cary Case ta Amurka a Paris Hill, Amurka.   An haifi ɗansu Arthur a shekarar 1918 a Hamadan, Iran. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

== Ayyuka ==
Edwards's uncle, James Baker, was one of the founders of the Oriental Carpet Manufacturers (OCM) in Smyrna, today's Izmir, in 1907/1908. The company bought and produced Persian carpets for export to the United Kingdom. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

A matsayinsa na ma'aikacin OCM, Edwards ya koma Hamadan, arewa maso yamma, a shekarar 1911, inda ya gina kuma ya kula da samar da kafet nasa ga kamfanin. Shi da matarsa sun yi sha'awar al'adun Farisa. A shekarar 1923, sun bar Iran, suka yi tafiya zuwa Pakistan na 'yan watanni, daga ƙarshe suka tafi Landan. A can Edwards ya karɓi ragamar gudanar da OCM kuma ya faɗaɗa ayyukan kasuwancinsa a Amurka. Ya kuma kula da fitar da kafet zuwa Indiya don rage farashin samarwa. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Oxford sannan suka koma Landan. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

Babban aikinsa shi ne ''The Persian Carpet'' (1953), wanda aka buga bayan mutuwarsa kuma aka sake buga shi akai-akai. Littafin har yanzu yana ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan da aka saba yi a kan kafet ɗin Farisa. Ya bayyana dalla-dalla yadda aka samar da kafet ɗin Farisa, launuka, alamu da kuma yadda aka tsara salon kafet ɗin Farisa a lardunan Iran daban-daban, da kuma tarihin yankunan, yadda aka samar da kafet ɗinsu, adadin kayan labule da kuma adadin samarwa tun daga ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 zuwa tsakiyar ƙarni na 20, kuma ya ba da hangen nesa game da makomar masana'antar kafet a ƙarƙashin tasirin kasuwar Turai. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D; An yi bita mai kyau a cikin *Mujallar Burlington* wanda ya yaba da ita saboda yadda take da zamani da kuma yadda take kula da masu saƙa da ke aiki a Farisa a lokacin. 

## Mutuwa da gado
Shirye-shiryen surori na The Persian Carpet suna gudanar da su ne a Gidan Tarihi na Victorian da Albert a London. A watan Agustan 2017 har yanzu an bayyana littafin a cikin The Times a matsayin "taimako mai mahimmanci ga masu sayar da kafet".

## Manazarta
John Gardiner (ɗan kasuwa)

**John Anthony Gardiner** (Yuni 1936 - 18 Nuwamba 2023) ɗan kasuwa ne na Burtaniya kuma ɗan jaridar kuɗi wanda ya kasance shugaban Tesco daga 1997 zuwa 2004. 

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi John Anthony Gardiner a Lancing, Sussex a watan Yunin 1936.  Ya auri Celia Adams a 1961. Daga shekara ta 1997, ya kasance shugaban sarkar kantin sayar da kayayyaki Tesco. A lokacin da ya yi ritaya a watan Maris na shekara ta 2004, Sir David Reid ne ya gaje Gardiner a matsayin shugaban, wanda ya kasance mataimakin shugaban tun shekara ta 1996.

John Gardiner ya mutu a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba 2023, yana da shekaru 87. Matarsa ta riga ta mutu a shekara ta 2016, kuma 'ya'yansu uku, Britt, Anna da Tracey, da jikoki biyu sun tsira.

## Manazarta
Luka Pedlar

Luke Matthew Pedlar  (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Mayu 2002) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Australiya wanda ke buga wa Adelaide a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Australiya (AFL).

## Farkon aiki
An haifi Luke Pedlar a Mt Gambier kuma iyalinsa suka koma Kingston lokacin da yake da shekaru 6. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 16 ya koma Adelaide kuma ya shiga Kwalejin Prince Alfred na Shekara 11 da 12. An gayyace shi zuwa Glenelg kuma ya taka leda a cikin 'yan wasa.[1] Kafin ya halarci Kingston Community School kuma ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na gida ga Kingston Saints a cikin Kowree-Naracoorte-Tatiara Football League.

## Ayyukan AFL
An dauki Pedlar tare da karɓar No.11 a cikin Shirin AFL na 2020. Ya fara bugawa Crows wasa da Brisbane Lions. Raunin idon kafa ya kawo karshen kakar Pedlar bayan wasanni biyu. Har ila yau, yana da sake fasalin kafada ta hagu a lokacin da ba a kakar wasa ba. A cikin 2022, dole ne ya jimre da farfadowa a kafaɗarsa da osteitis pubis a cikin ƙafarsa.

## Manazarta
E. E. Fresson

Kyaftin **Ernest Edmund** Fresson, OBE (20 Satumba 1891 - 25 Satumba 1963) ya kasance injiniyan Burtaniya kuma majagaba na jirgin sama.

## Rayuwa
Kamfanin Fresson ya tura shi zuwa China a 1911, amma ya koma Burtaniya don yin aiki a cikin Royal Flying Corps a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na farko, yana samun horo a Kanada a 1918.  A ranar 12 ga watan Janairun 1918, an ba shi izini a cikin Royal Flying Corps na Sojojin Burtaniya a matsayin mataimakin na biyu na wucin gadi (a kan gwaji).  An tabbatar da kwamishinansa da matsayinsa a ranar 29 ga Satumba 1918. An canja shi zuwa jerin marasa aikin yi a ranar 27 ga Yuni 1919, don haka ya kawo karshen aikin soja.

Bayan yakin ya koma kasar Sin inda ya gina, ya sake tarawa kuma ya tsara jirgin sama ga manyan mutane na gida. Ya koma Ingila bayan Juyin juya halin 1927, kuma ya fara ba da farin ciki ga jama'a, yana tashi don kamfanin da ake kira Berkshire Aviation Tours,  yana yawon shakatawa Ingila da Scotland, yana tashi daga kowane filin da ke akwai. An ba shi kwamiti a cikin Royal Air Force's Reserve of Air Force Officers a matsayin Jami'in matukin jirgi a kan gwaji a ranar 17 ga Mayu 1927.  An ɗaukaka shi zuwa Jami'in jirgin sama a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 1927. 

A watan Janairun 1929 tare da wani matukin jirgi na Berkshire ya kafa North British Aviation Co Ltd, wanda ke zaune a Hooton Park a Yankin Wirral, Cheshire . Wannan kamfani ya yi zirga-zirgar jiragen sama da nune-nunen iska a arewa maso yammacin Ingila, galibi ta amfani da jirgin sama na Avro 504K, kuma an haɗa shi cikin Alan Cobham's Flying Circus a cikin 1933.  Ya kafa kamfanin jirgin sama, Highland Airways, a Scotland a watan Afrilun 1933. An ba shi kwangila na farko don wasikar cikin gida a Burtaniya a ranar 29 ga Mayu 1934, yana tashi tsakanin Inverness da Orkney.

lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, ya shawarci Ma'aikatar Air da Admiralty game da inda za su gina filayen Jirgin Sama na Scotland: an yaba masa da gina titin jirgin sama na farko da aka gina a Burtaniya, a RNAS Hatston, Orkney. Kamfanin jirginsa ya shiga cikin kamfanin jirgin sama na Scottish Airways na lokacin yaƙi, kuma ya shiga cikin Kamfanin Jirgin Sama na Burtaniya bayan yaƙin: ya ci gaba da aiki a cikin gudanarwar kamfanin jirgin sama har sai an bar shi a watan Maris na shekara ta 1948. A lokacin da ya yi ritaya, ya ci gaba da tashi da fasinjoji a fadin arewacin Scotland.

## Daraja
A cikin girmamawar ranar haihuwar 1943, an nada shi Jami'in Order of the British Empire (OBE) don nuna godiya ga aikinsa a matsayin Manajan Darakta na Scottish Airways Limited . 

A shekara ta 2011, an kaddamar da wani mutum-mutumi na tagulla na Fresson a Filin jirgin saman Sumburgh .  Wani abin tunawa da shi yana tsaye a gaban Filin jirgin saman Kirkwall.

## Manazarta
Rex Pearson

**Rex Whiting Pearson** (13 ga watan Janairun 1905 - 11 ga watan Satumbar 1961) ɗan siyasan Australiya ne. An haife shi a Kadina, Kudancin Ostiraliya, ya yi karatu a Adelaide a Kwalejin Prince Alfred kafin ya zama manomi da makiyayi, da farko a Sandilands a yankin Yorke a Kudancin Australia.

A shekara ta 1927, Pearson ya koma tare da mahaifiyarsa gwauruwa zuwa Jamestown. A shekara ta 1935, ya koma tare da iyalinsa, da na ɗan'uwansa Glen, zuwa Cockaleechie . A shekara mai zuwa, ya koma kilomita 20 zuwa arewa zuwa Yeelanna. Ya fara takara a majalisar dokokin Kudancin Australia na Flinders don Liberal da Country League a zaben jihar a 1938, amma ya rasa Edward Craigie, dan takarar Single Tax League, bayan rarraba abubuwan da aka fi so.

A shekara ta 1941, an zabi Pearson a Flinders, inda ya doke Craigie a kan fifiko daga dan takarar Labour. Ko da yake ya koma Belair, kuma daga baya Lower Mitcham kusa da Adelaide da gidan mahaifiyarsa, ya lashe zaben 1947 da 1950 na Flinders, [1] kuma ya ci gaba da sha'awarsa da goyon baya ga Aiki gona da yankunan karkara a cikin masu jefa kuri'a a yankin Eyre.[2]

A shekara ta 1951, Pearson ya koma siyasar tarayya, inda ya lashe kujerar a Majalisar Dattijan Australiya a matsayin Mai sassaucin ra'ayi a Zaben tarayya na wannan shekarar. Ɗan'uwansa Glen ya lashe zaben da aka yi don gurbin da ya biyo baya a kujerar Flinders .  Pearson ya rike kujerarsa ta Majalisar Dattijai ta hanyar lashe zaben a 1953 da 1958, har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1961, bayan haka majalisar dokokin Kudancin Australia ta nada Gordon Davidson don maye gurbinsa.

Pearson ya kasance mai wa'azi na Methodist a yankin Eyre . 

## Manazarta
Francis William Goodenough

**Sir Francis William Goodenough** CBE (9 Satumba 1872 - 11 Janairu 1940) ya kasance babban jami'in tallace-tallace da ke aiki a Masana'antar gas.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Francis William Goodenough a ranar 9 ga Satumba 1872 a Newton Abbot ga Henry Goodenough da Louisa Hatchwell .  Ya halarci Kwalejin Jama'a ta Torquay, daga inda ya shiga Kamfanin Gas Light da Coke yana da shekaru 16.

## Ayyukan kasuwanci
Goodenough ya tabbatar da cewa tallace-tallace yanki ne na kasuwanci kuma an kafa sashen sayar da iskar gas a ƙarƙashin mulkinsa. Lalle ne, ya rubuta a kan batun tallace-tallace kuma a cikin wani yanki an lura, 

Ya yi aiki a cikin ƙungiyoyi masu sana'a daban-daban a duk lokacin da yake aiki, gami da Ƙungiyar Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Burtaniya, Majalisar Gas ta Ƙungiyar Masana'antu ta Burtaniya, Ƙungiyar Kasashen Waƙoƙi ta Burtaniya da Ƙungiyar Manajojin Kasuwanci.

## Ayyukan Jama'a
Goodenough ya kuma yi aiki tare da hukumomin jama'a, kamar kwamitin Fensho na Yaƙi London daga 1916 zuwa 1921. A fannin ilimi, ya kasance a cikin kwamitin da ke kallon jarrabawa a makarantu na ɗan lokaci. A shekara ta 1928 an nada shi a matsayin shugaban kwamitin gwamnati da ke nazarin ilimi don siyarwa.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
A cikin 1900, Goodenough ya auri Ellen, ma'auratan ba su da yara.

A lokacinsa na hutu Goodenough yana jin daɗin kamun kifi, golf kuma ya kasance memba na London Devonian Society . 

An amince da aikinsa a 1926 tare da CBE da kuma knighthood a 1930. 

Daga baya ya sha wahala da rashin lafiya kuma ya mutu a gidansa na London, 39 Holland Street, a ranar 11 ga Janairun 1940.  An ƙonewa gawar Goodenough a Golders Green kuma an gudanar da hidimar tunawa a Cocin St. Mary Abbot a Kensington.

## manazarta
Matsayi na Leslie

Leslie Grade (3 Yuni 1916 - 15 Oktoba 1979), an haife shi **Laszlo** (ko **Li'azaru**) **Winogradsky**, ya kasance wakilin wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya. A shekara ta 1943, ya kafa kungiyar Grade Organisation (wanda aka fi sani da Lew da Leslie Grade Ltd) tare da babban ɗan'uwansa, mai ba da labari da kuma furodusa Lew Grade (1906-98). A cikin shekarun 1940, kamfanin ya zama kamfanin basira na nishaɗi mafi nasara a Burtaniya.

## Rayuwa da aiki
Grade, ƙarami cikin 'yan'uwa uku, an haife shi a Landan  a 1916, shekaru huɗu bayan iyalinsa na Yahudawa sun yi hijira daga Tokmak, Daular Rasha (yanzu Ukraine) don mayar da martani ga pogroms.  Leslie da 'yan uwansa, Lew da Bernard (1909-94), sun girma ne a Stepney. Yayinda iyayensu, Isaac da Olga, suka yi aiki a Masana'antar masana'antu, 'yan uwan sun bar makaranta suna da shekaru 14 don kafa kansu a cikin showbusiness.

Tare da Lew, Grade ya zama ɗaya daga cikin sanannun masana'antar nishaɗi ta Burtaniya da aka fi girmamawa. A ƙarshen shekarun 1940, abokan cinikinsa sun haɗa da Jack Benny, Bob Hope da Danny Kaye .  A cikin shekarun 1950 da 1960, masu zane-zane da yawa da Grade ke wakilta sun bayyana a cikin wasan kwaikwayo iri-iri na Lahadi da dare a London Palladium, wanda aka watsa ta hanyar Lew's ITV franchisee Associated Television (ATV).  Ayyukan Grade sun ragu ta hanyar jerin bugun jini a tsakiyar shekarun 1960, kuma mallakar Grade Organisation ta wuce ga ɗan Grade Michael a shekarar 1966. A shekara ta 1967, EMI ta sayi kungiyar Grade Organisation kuma Leslie da 'yan uwansa sun shiga kwamitin EMI. Wani bangare na shi an sake masa suna London Management a karkashin jagorancin Michael.

Matar Leslie Grade ta farko Lynn Smith ta bar shi ga mai sharhi na gwagwarmaya Kent Walton, wanda ta auri a 1949. Grade yana da ƙarin yara biyu daga aurensa na biyu, ga Audrey Smith: wakilin wasan kwaikwayo Anita Grade (matar Harold Brook Land, ɗan mai ba da labari David Land)  da Antony Grade, tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Zane na waje na Renault kuma daga baya Shugaban Zane don Avtovaz. Tare da abokinsa Harry Zussman, Grade ya yi aiki, na shekaru da yawa, a matsayin Darakta na Leyton Orient FC.

Grade ya mutu a Faransa a shekara ta 1979.  Ba kamar 'yan uwansa ba, ba a ba shi lambar yabo ko jarumi ba.

## Manazarta
Ronald Grierson

**Sir Ronald Hugh Grierson** (6 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1921 - 23 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 2014) ɗan asalin ƙasar Jamus ne, ɗan kasuwa, mai ba da shawara ga gwamnati, kuma jami'in Sojojin Burtaniya. Bayan ya yi aiki a cikin Black Watch, wanda ke haɗe da sabis na iska na musamman kuma An ambaci shi a cikin sakonni, a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu,  ya zama mataimakin kwamandan a cikin SAS bayan yaƙin.  Ya kasance manajan darektan bankin saka hannun jari S.G. Warburg daga 1948 zuwa 1985, kuma mataimakin shugaban kamfanin General Electric Company plc, Kamfanin masana'antu, daga 1968 zuwa 1996. Daga 1972 zuwa 1974, ya kasance Darakta Janar na Masana'antu a Hukumar Tarayyar Turai.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Grierson **Rolf Hans Griessmann** a Nuremberg, Jamus, a ranar 6 ga watan Agustan 1921,  ɗan Ernest Griessmann. Bayan karatun farko a Nuremberg da Paris, ya yi karatu a Makarantar Highgate daga 1935 zuwa 1939 kuma a Kwalejin Balliol, Oxford.

## Manazarta
Howard Rayner

**Howard Luscombe Rayner** (12 Maris 1896 - 13 Yuni 1975) ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na farko na Australiya, ɗan wasan ƙwallo na Australiya kuma likita.

Rayner ɗan iyayen addini ne, mahaifinsa ministan Methodist ne kuma mahaifiyarsa mai wa'azi ce a Fiji. An haife shi a Adelaide, ya yi karatu a birnin a Kwalejin Prince Alfred, kafin ya tafi Jami'ar Adelaide don karatun likita,  inda ya sami digiri na farko.  Wani dan wasa mai ƙwazo, bayan ya zama kyaftin din kungiyar wasan kurket ta Prince Alfred College, ya ci gaba da buga wasan kwallon kafa na Australiya a Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Sturt a matsayin dan wasan gaba,  yana yin babban bayyanar kulob din a gasar kwallon kafa ta Kudancin Australiya ta 1915.  Ya kasance Jami'ar Adelaide ta Rhodes Scholar a shekara ta 1916,  amma bai yi tafiya zuwa Ingila ba don karɓar tallafinsa a Kwalejin Balliol, Oxford har zuwa 1918.[1]

Bayan ya isa Ingila, ya yi aiki a takaice a cikin Royal Navy kafin sanya hannu kan Armistice a watan Nuwamba 1918. Bayan armistice ya koma Kwalejin Balliol kuma ya ci gaba da horar da likitanci a asibitin King's College. A shekara mai zuwa, ya bayyana sau ɗaya a cikin wasan kurket na farko na P. F. Warner's XI a kan Oxford_University_Cricket_Club" id="mwQQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Oxford University Cricket Club">Jami'ar Oxford a Oxford. Da yake bugawa sau biyu a wasan, an kore shi don gudu 2 a cikin P. F. Warner's XI na farko da Vyvyan Pearse ya yi, yayin da a cikin na biyu ya zira kwallaye 21 da ba a ci nasara ba. Rayner ya kammala karatu daga Oxford a 1921, ya shiga aikin likita a Twickenham a 1923 kuma ya yi aikin likita a twickenham a cikin shekarun 1920 da 1930, kafin ya canza ƙwarewa a 1938 don ya zama likitan rigakafi a Asibitin St John.

A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu ya kula da sauyawar likita na Makarantar Orleans da Filin wasa na Twickenham, yana kula da ƙarshen a duk lokacin yakin.[1] Bayan yakin, an nada shi a matsayin likita ga Rugby Football Union, tare da komawa matsayinsa na anesthetist a St John's, inda ya kasance har zuwa shekaru biyu bayan ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1965. [1] Daga baya a rayuwarsa ya fara golf kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Fulwell Golf Course . Rayner ya mutu a Twickenham a watan Yunin 1975 kuma matarsa ta tsira.[1]

## Manazarta
G. H. Downing

**George Henry Downing**, JP (10 Nuwamba 1866 - 12 Oktoba 1937) ɗan kasuwa ne na Burtaniya kuma mai ba da agaji. Ya kasance shugaban G.H. Downing & Co. Ltd., wanda ke da hannu a cikin masana'antar tubali da tiles. 

James Downing ne ya kafa shi a ƙarshen karni na 19,   kamfanin ya yi iƙirarin kasancewa mafi girma mai samar da rufin rufin a duniya. Ya kasance a Brampton Hill, Newcastle-a karkashin Lyme, G.H. Downing ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ma'aikata a arewacin Staffordshire tare da dubban ma'aikata. A shekara ta 1921, ya sami ayyukan Etruria. A shekara ta 1939 kamfanin ya karɓi dukan ayyukan Staffordshire na gida.

Downing ya kasance Mai Shari'a na zaman lafiya na Stoke-on-Trent kuma an nada shi Babban Sheriff na Staffordshire a 1936. 

A ranar 10 ga Nuwamba 1936, Downing ya yi bikin ranar haihuwarsa a Trentham tare da baƙi sama da 3,500, da yawa daga cikinsu ma'aikatansa ne.

Downing ya mutu a gidansa na Clayton Lodge, Newcastle-under-Lyme, a watan Oktoba 1937, yana da shekaru 70.  Ya kamata a ba shi lambar yabo, amma ya mutu kafin a kammala takardar shaidar.

Shi ne mahaifin Ken Downing, direban tseren Formula One.

## Manazarta
Annie Hall (babban sheriff)

**Annie Hall** (1949/50- 8 Nuwamba 2019) 'yar kasuwa ce ta Burtaniya wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Babban Sheriff na Derbyshire na shekara ta 2017-2018. Ita ce mace ta farko da ta zama shugabar Derbyshire Chamber of Commerce . Ta kuma kasance mataimakiyar shugabar Derbyshire Mental Health NHS Trust, shugabar majalisar Derby Cathedral, kuma mai kula da Gidauniyar agaji ta Derbyshire. Hall ta yi karatun jinya ta kwakwalwa. Hall ya mutu a ranar 8 ga Nuwamba 2019 bayan ambaliyar Kogin Derwent a Rowsley ta kwashe shi, bayan wani lokaci na Ruwan sama mai yawa. 

## Rayuwa
Annie Hall 'yar kasuwa ce ta Burtaniya wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Babban Sheriff na Derbyshire a shekara ta 2017-2018.  Ita ce mace ta farko da ta zama shugabar Derbyshire Chamber of Commerce .  Ta kuma kasance mataimakiyar shugabar Derbyshire Mental Health NHS Trust,  shugaban majalisa na Derby Cathedral,  kuma mai kula da Gidauniyar agaji ta Derbyshire.

Hall ta girma a Wincanton, Somerset, kuma ta yi karatu a wata makarantar Katolika da ke kusa.  Daga baya ta yi karatun aikin jinya a fannin tabin hankali .  Ta auri mijinta na farko, kuma daga baya ma'auratan suka ƙaura daga Somerset zuwa Derbyshire, inda suka kafa wani kamfani da ke kera winch na masana'antu.  Daga baya ta auri Mista Michael Hall. 

Ta mutu a ranar 8 ga Nuwamba 2019  bayan ambaliyar Kogin Derwent a Rowsley ta kwashe ta, bayan wani lokaci na Ruwan sama mai yawa.  An ji binciken;  Motar da ita da mijinta sun shiga cikin ruwa mai zurfi kusa da Darley Bridge, daga ƙarshe sun zama makale, kuma sun yanke shawarar fita daga motar kuma su fita daga yankin ambaliyar ruwa. Yayin da suka yi ƙoƙari su ci gaba, yanayin ya lalace sosai, ta fadi sau da yawa kuma a farkon faduwar da ambaliyar ruwa ta ɗauke ta a ƙarƙashin shinge. Ya tsira ta hanyar gudanar da riƙewa a kan fitila. An gano jikinta a kusa da kilomita 2 (3.2  a cikin ruwa, kusa da Darley Dale, kimanin sa'o'i biyu bayan haka.

Hall tana da shekaru 69 a lokacin mutuwarta,  kuma ta kasance mazaunin Ashford-in-the-Water. 

## manazarta