open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Jill Adler

**Jillian Beryl Adler** née **Smidt** (an haife ta a ranar 31 ga watan Janairu 1951 a Johannesburg)  Farfesa ce a fannin Ilimin Lissafi na Afirka ta Kudu a Jami'ar Witwatersrand kuma Shugabar Hukumar Ƙasa da Ƙasa kan Koyarwa ta Lissafi (2017-2020). Ayyukan Adler sun mayar da hankali kan koyarwa da koyan ilimin lissafi musamman a azuzuwan harsuna da yawa.

## Sana'a da tasiri
An haifi Jill Adler a Johannesburg,  Afirka ta Kudu. Ta samu digiri na farko da na biyu a Jami'ar Witwatersrand. A halin yanzu, tana aiki a matsayin Shugabar Ilimin Lissafi a Jami'ar Wits kuma a matsayin Shugabar Hukumar Kula da Lissafi ta Duniya (2017-2020).  Ayyukan Adler sun mayar da hankali kan koyarwa da koyan ilimin lissafi musamman a azuzuwan harsuna da yawa  da kuma haɓaka ƙwararrun malaman makarantar sakandare.  Tana da ƙimar A, mafi girma mai yiwuwa, daga Gidauniyar Bincike ta Ƙasa ta Afirka ta Kudu.  Daga shekarun 2009 zuwa 2014 Farfesa Adler farfesa ce mai ziyara a Kwalejin King London.  Ita memba ce a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Afirka ta Kudu.

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa

* ICMI Hans Freudenthal Medal (2015)

## Manazarta
Percy Deift

**Percy Alec Deift** (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan watan Satumba  1945)  masanin lissafi ne wanda aka sani da aikinsa akan ka'idar spectral theory, integrable systems, random matrix theory da Riemann–Hilbert problems.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Deift a birnin Durban na Afirka ta Kudu, inda ya sami digiri a fannin injiniyanci na sinadarai, kimiyyar lissafi, da lissafi, kuma ya sami digiri na uku. a fannin ilimin lissafi daga Jami'ar Princeton a shekara ta 1977.  Farfesan Azurfa ne a Cibiyar Kimiyyar lissafi ta Courant, Jami'ar New York.

## Girmamawa da kyaututtuka
Deift fellow ne na ƙungiyar Lissafi ta Amurka (wanda aka zaɓa a shekarar 2012),  memba na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka (wanda aka zaɓa a shekarar 2003),  da na Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Amurka (wanda aka zaɓa a shekarar 2009). 

Shi ne wanda ya ci lambar yabo ta shekara ta 1998 Pólya Prize, kuma an ba shi suna Guggenheim Fellow a cikin shekarar 1999.  Ya ba da adireshin da aka gayyata a Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na Mathematicians a Berlin a cikin shekarar 1998  da kuma jawabai a cikin shekarar 2006 a Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na Mathematicians a Madrid da kuma Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan ilimin lissafi a Rio de Janeiro.  Deift ya ba da Lacca na Gibbs a Taron Haɗin gwiwar Ƙungiyar Lissafi ta Amirka a shekara 2009.  Tare da Michael Aizenman da Giovanni Gallavotti, ya ci kyautar Henri Poincare Prize a cikin shekarar 2018.

## Zaɓaɓɓun Ayyuka

* with Eugene Trubowitz: *Inverse scattering on the line*, Communications in pure and applied Mathematics, vol. 32, 1979, pp.&nbsp;121–251   
* with Fernando Lund, E. Trubowitz: 
* with Richard Beals, Carlos Tomei: ''Direct and inverse scattering on the line'', AMS, 1988
* with Luen-Chau Li, C. Tomei: ''Loop groups, discrete versions of some classical integrable systems, and rank 2 extensions'', AMS, 1992
*  with K. T-R McLaughlin: ''A continuum limit of the Toda lattice'', AMS, 1998
* ''Orthogonal polynomials and random matrices: a Riemann-Hilbert approach'', AMS (American Mathematical Society), 2000 (and Courant Institute, 1999)
* with Dmitri Gioev: ''Random matrix theory: invariant embeddings and universality'', AMS, 2009{{cite journal|last=Basor|first= Estelle|author-link=Estelle Basor|title=Review: *Random matrix theory: invariant embeddings and universality*, by Percy Deift and Dmitri Gioev|journal=Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.)|year=2011|volume=48|issue=1|pages=147–152|url=https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/2011-48-01/S0273-0979-2010-01307-0/S0273-0979-2010-01307
* with Jinho Baik  and Toufic Suidan 

## Duba kuma

* Riemann-Hilbert matsaloli
* ka'idar matrix bazuwar
* tsarin hadewa

## Manazarta
Aliyu Ibrahim

**Aliyu Ibrahim** kwararren dan wasan kwallon Najeriya ne, wanda ke taka leda a matsayin dan wasa na gaba a Nasarawa United F.C.

## Ayyukan kasa da kasa
A watan Janairun shekarar 2014, koci Stephen Keshi, ya gayyace shi da a saka shi cikin tawagar 'yan wasa 23 na Najeriya a gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka na shekarar 2014.  Ya taimaka wa kungiyar zuwa matsayi na uku bayan Najeriya ta doke Zimbabwe da ci 1-0. 

## Manazarta
Dino Shafeek

**Dino Shafeek** (an haife shi **Gholam D. Shafeek**, 21 ga Maris 1930 - 10 Maris 1984) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Bangladeshi-British . An haife shi kuma ya girma a Dhaka, ya ƙaura zuwa Ƙasar Ingila daga Gabashin Pakistan (yanzu Bangladesh) a cikin 1958 kuma ya fito a cikin sitcom da yawa a cikin 1970s da farkon 1980s. shi da taka rawar Chai Wallah Muhammed a cikin gidan rediyon BBC *It Ain't Half Hot Mum*  da kuma rawar da Ali Nadim ya taka a ITV sitcom *Mind Your Language* .

## Sana'a
Shafeek ya shiga cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai son a Dacca kuma, bayan ya yi hijira zuwa Ingila a 1958, ya yi rajista a Makarantar Kiɗa da wasan kwaikwayo ta Guildhall. Matsayinsa [ farko ] fim shine 'Akbar' a cikin fim ɗin The Long Duel (1967), tare da Yul Brynner 

### ''It Ain't Half Hot Mum''
*Ita Ba Half Hot Mum ba* jerin barkwanci ne na BBC wanda Jimmy Perry da David Croft, marubutan *Sojojin Dad* suka rubuta. An kafa shi a yakin duniya na biyu Indiya ta Burtaniya, ta bi sa'a da ayyukan dakaru masu kide kide da wake-wake da ke da alaka da Royal Artillery . BBC ta watsa jerin shirye-shiryen daga 1974 zuwa 1981 kuma tauraruwar Windsor Davies a matsayin ma'aikacin sajan-manjo na barikin sojoji a Deolali, fadar shugaban kasa ta Bombay.

Shafeek yana wasa " Chaiwallah Muhammad", yana siyar da shayi daga urn dinsa wanda ya riga ya shirya tare da lafazin takensa " chai garam chai (Eng. 'tea, hot tea')." Ya kuma rera kide-kiden da ke tsakanin fage, wadanda galibin yakin duniya na biyu ne tare da sitar. A karshen kiredit din na karshe, ya fara rera wakar " Kasar Bege da daukaka " sai kawai Sajan-manjor ya katse shi yana ihun kunnen sa da ya karye "SHUTUPPP!!!." Daga baya Muhammad ya kasance mai ɗaukar nauyi lokacin da jarumin da ya buga Rangi Ram ( Michael Bates ) ya mutu bayan an yi rikodin Series 5.

### ''Mind Your Language''
A lokacin gudu na *It Ba Half Hot Mum*, Shafeek ya taka rawar ɗalibi Ali Nadim a cikin ITV / London Weekend Television sitcom *Mind Your Language* (1977–1979). Tare da Barry Evans a matsayin malaminsu, Ali yana ɗaya daga cikin gungun mutane daga sassa daban-daban a cikin Ingilishi a matsayin aji na Harshen Waje a makarantar dare ta London. Ali musulmi ne dan Pakistan wanda ya yi hijira zuwa Burtaniya, kuma ana yawan ganinsa yana takun saka da Ranjeet Singh ( Albert Moses ), dan Sikh daga Indiya . Ali ya gaya wa Ranjeet cewa zai "harbe shi da Khyber " ("Khyber Pass" yana rera taken "arse"). Yayin da jerin shirye-shiryen ke ci gaba, dangantakarsu tana daɗaɗawa zuwa ɗaya na abokantaka da taimakon juna.

### Sauran ayyuka
Shafeek ya taka rawa a cikin fina-finai da talabijin kamar *Carry On Emmannuelle*, *Minder, Branch na Musamman* da *Layin Onedin*.

Matsayinsa na ƙarshe shine a *High Road to China* tare da Tom Selleck.

## Mutuwa
Shafeek ya mutu kwatsam daga ciwon zuciya yayin da yake gida a Landan tare da angonsa Leslie Didcock a ranar 10 ga Maris 1984, kwanaki goma sha daya gabanin cika shekaru 54 da haihuwa.

## Finafinai

### Fim

### Talabijin

### Gidan wasan kwaikwayo

## Hotuna

### Albums

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*
Sallah Azzahar

**Sallar Zuhur** (          ) tana ɗaya daga cikin sallolin Musulunci na farilla ( *sallah* ). Ana yin ta ne bayan sallar asuba da kuma gabanin sallar la'asar, tsakanin gushewar rana daga tsakiya shine zaɓaɓɓen lokacin ta zuwa kusa da lokacin La'asar tana zamowa laluri ne zuwa faɗuwar rana.

A ranar Juma’a ana maye gurbin Sallar Azahar da sallar Juma’a wadda wajibi ce ga maza Musulmi waɗanda suka wuce shekarun balaga kuma suke baligai masu hankali da lafiya su yi salla a cikin jam’i ko dai a masallacin Jumu'a ko kuma dai ga waɗanda basu samu sallar juma'a ba, Sai suyi Sallah Azahar raka'a huɗu kenan cif.&#x5B;  &#x5D;

Khutbah (wa'azi) liman ne yake gabatar da ta, a ranar juma'a.

Kuma ana kiranta da **Zuhr**, **Duhr**, **Thuhr** ko **Luhar.**

Salloli biyar a dunkule guda ɗaya ne na rukunnan Musulunci guda biyar, a cikin Musuluncin Sunna, kuma ɗaya daga cikin rukunan Imani.

## Manazarta
Takandan Giwa

**Takandan Giwa** wani ƙaramin ƙauye ne a karamar hukumar Toro, jihar Bauchi, Najeriya. Kauyen yana ƙarƙashin wata unguwa mai suna Jama`a da Unguwa mai suna Zaranda.

Ƙauyen na kan hanyar Bauchi zuwa Jos. Akwai nisan tazarar kilomita 47 daga Bauchi babban birnin jihar Bauchi, zuwa da ƙauyen. Tazarar kilomita 79 daga Jos, babban birnin jihar Filato, da ƙauyen.

## Manazarta

https://punchng.com/thirteen-killed-in-bauchi-jos-highway-crashes/
https://dailypost.ng/2020/02/28/13-killed-in-multiple-automobile-accidents-in-bauchi/
Gundumar Tola-Binyeri

**Tola-Binyeri** gunduma ce a cikin ƙaramar hukumar Mayo Belwa a Jihar Adamawa, Najeriya. Gundumar na kusa da tsaunin Shebshi. Akwai Hakimi a gundumar.

## Kauyuka

* Gambe

## Nassoshi
Yaren Bangwinji

**Bangwinji** (Bangjinge) ɗaya ne daga cikin harsunan Savanna na jihar Gombe, gabashin Najeriya. Kabilancinsu shine *Báŋjìŋèb* (pl.; sg. form: *Báŋjìŋè* ). 

Akwai yaruka biyu, *Kaalɔ́* da *Naabáŋ* . Bangwinji ya faro ne a Kaalɔ́ da Naabáŋ a arewacin tsaunin Muri, kuma tun daga lokacin ya ƙaura zuwa wurare. 

## Manazarta
Nigeria National Democratic Party

**Jam'iyyar National Democratic Party** ( **NNDP** ) ita ce jam'iyyar siyasa ta farko a Najeriya.

## Tarihi
Herbert Macaulay ne ya kafa ta a shekara ta 1923 don cin gajiyar sabon Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Clifford, wanda ya gaji Majalisar Najeriya ta 1914. Jam’iyyar NNDP ta yi nasarar shirya ƙungiyoyin masu ruwa da tsaki a Legas a matsayin ƙungiya ɗaya wacce ta iya yin takara a siyasance. Jam'iyyar (NNDP) ta tsayar da 'yan takara da dama domin neman kujeru a zaɓen shekarar 1922 na majalisar dokokin Legas, inda ta samu kujeru uku. Jam'iyyar ta lashe dukkan kujeru a zaɓukan 1923, 1928 da 1933. Ko da yake, babban aikin jam'iyyar shi ne sanya 'yan takara a cikin majalisar dokoki, tana da babbar manufa ta inganta dimokuradiyya a Najeriya, da kara yawan shiga Najeriya a cikin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki da ci gaban ilimi na Najeriya. Jam’iyyar ta ci gaba da mamaye harkokin siyasa a Legas har zuwa shekarar 1938, lokacin da kungiyar matasan Najeriya (NYM) ta mamaye ta a zaɓe.

Samuel Akintola ne ya karbe sunan jam’iyyar a shekarar 1964 ga jam’iyyarsa a wani mataki na kawar da jam’iyyar Action Group mai ra’ayin riƙau ƙarƙashin jagorancin Obafemi Awolowo daga mulki a yankin Yamma.

Daga baya ɗan jam’iyyar Augustus Akinloye ya zama shugaban jam’iyyar ta kasa a shekarar 1978.

## Nassoshi
Majalisar dokokin Jihar Yobe

**Majalisar dokokin jihar Yobe** ita ce ɓangaren majalisar dokokin jihar Yobe. Kungiya ce da ba ta da tushe wacce ta ƙunshi mambobi 24 da aka zaɓa daga mazaɓu 24 na Jahar, kuma sa shugaban majalisar. Shekarun jefa kuri'a 18 ne, ga masu kada kuri'a.

## Manazarta
Mind Your Language

***Mind Your Language*** wani shirin wasan kwaikwayo ne na Birtaniya wanda aka fara watsa shi daga 1977 zuwa 1979. Vince Powell ne ya ƙirƙirare shi tare da haɗin gwiwar Barry Evans, an fitar jerin shirye-shiryen a cikin harshen Turanci azaman Harshen Waje a London.  Labarin ya ta'allaka ne akan Jeremy Brown, wanda Evans ya buga, wanda ya zama malamin Ingilishi ga ƙungiyar manyan ɗalibai daga ƙasashe daban-daban.

Nunin ne cikin raha wanda yake nuna ƙalubalen harshe da bambance-bambancen al'adu. Kowanne ɗalibin yana wakiltar al'ummomi daban-daban, kowannensu yana kawo ra'ayoyinsu na musamman na al'ummar su. A cikin raha, shirin yana nuna rashin fahimta na al'ummomi mabanbanta.

Yayin da ake yabawa da barkwancinsa, "Mind Your Language" ya fuskanci suka game da kallon da wasu suke masa na cin zarafi ga wasu al'ummomi da al'adu, amma duk da haka shirin ya samu karɓuwa sosai.

Duk da dai shirin yana zuwa ne a gajarce kuma datsi-datsi, amma yana samun karɓuwa sosai.

Shirin yana bada labarin wasu mutane ne da aiki ko zama ya kai su Birtaniya kuma suke kokarin koyon harshen Turanci. Mabanbantan mutanen sun fito ne daga kasashen Rasha, Italiya, Indiya, Pakistan, Japan, Rasha da karin wasu ƙasashen. Sun zaune a cikin aji daya suna koyon harshen Turanci a hannun malamin su wanda shi ɗan asalin Birtaniya ne.  

## Yan wasa
Certainly, here are some key cast members from "Mind Your Language" along with a brief note about each:

* Barry Evans (Jeremy Brown), ya taka rawa a matsayin jagoran ƴan wasa shine malami mai koyar da harshen Turanci. Events ya rasu a shekarar 1997.

* François Gérard (Albert Campagnac), Ɗalibi daga ƙasar Faransa ya zuba basira da hikima cikin shirin.

* George Camiller (Giovanni Cupello), ɗalibi daga Italiya. 

* Jacki Harding (Anna Schmidt), ya wakilci Jamani a shirin inda yake nuna halayya da ɗabi'u irin na Jamusawa.

* Zara Nutley (Conchita), ɗalibi daga ƙasar Spain.

* Ricardo Montez (Juan Cervantes), ya fito a matsayin Juan, yana wakiltar Hispaniya. 

* Kevork Malikyan (Maximilian Papandrious), Ɗalibi daga Girka wanda ya nuna al'adun girkawa. 

* Jamila Massey (Jamila Ranjha), Ta wakilci Pakistan inda ta nuna al'adun Pakistan da kudancin Asiya.

* Dino Shafeek (Ali Nadim), ya fito a matsayin ɗan Pakistan inda ya nuna al'adun Pakistan da Musulunci. Ya na yawan gwabzawa da makwafcin sa Ranjit Ba'indiye.

* Albert Moses (Ranjeet Singh), Ba'indiye mai bin addinin Sikh wanda baya jituwa da Ali Nadim Ba Pakiste mai bin addinin Musulunci.

## Manazarta
Umar Buba Bindir

**Umar Buba Bindir** (an haife shi 11 ga Agusta 1961) injiniyan noma ne na Najeriya kuma  halin yanzu, Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha (SSG) Jihar Adamawa ta Najeriya.

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haife shi a ranar 11 ga Agusta, 1961, a Yola, babban birnin jihar Adamawa, arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. Ya samu digirin farko na kimiyya (B.sc) tare da digiri na farko a fannin fasahar noma daga Jami'ar Maiduguri sannan ya dauki aikin yi wa matasa hidima na kasa na shekara daya a jihar Benue, yankin arewa ta tsakiya a Najeriya. Daga nan ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyya (M.sc) a fannin injiniyan aikin gona da digiri na uku, Ph.D. a cikin ƙirar injinan aikin gona daga Jami'ar Cranfield. Bayan ya kammala digirinsa na uku, ya shiga aikin koyarwa na Jami'ar Fasaha ta Papua New Guinea inda daga baya ya zama shugaban Sashen Injiniyan Aikin Gona, inda ya rike daga 1992 zuwa 1998. Ya kware a fannin Injiniya da Cigaban Injiniya. Ya yi aiki a wasu cibiyoyi da hukumomin gwamnati, ciki har da Cibiyar Fasaha da Ci gaban Al'umma a Arewacin Ostiraliya, Shirin Ci Gaban Tattalin Arzikin Iyali, FEAP da Daraktan Wasanni, Ma'aikatar Wasanni da Ci gaban Jama'a ta Tarayya, Najeriya. Musamman, ya yi aiki a matsayin Daraktan Ayyuka – Family Economic Advancement Programme (FEAP), Fadar Shugaban Kasa ta Najeriya daga 1998 zuwa 2000; Darektan Sa ido da Kula da Sabis na Ba da Bayani a Shirin Kawar da Talauci na Kasa (NAPEP) Fadar Shugaban Kasa ta Najeriya daga 2000 zuwa 2005; Daraktan Wasanni – Ma’aikatar Wasanni da Ci gaban Matasa ta Najeriya daga 2005 zuwa 2006; Darakta Saye da Ƙimar Fasaha – Ma’aikatar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Tarayya Nijeriya daga 2006 zuwa 2009; Darakta Janar/Shugaban Ofishin Samar da Fasahar Fasaha ta Kasa (NOTAP) Najeriya daga 2009 zuwa 2015 kuma a halin yanzu shine Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha (SSG) Jihar Adamawa ta Najeriya daga 2015 zuwa yau. Injiniya ne mai rijista tare da Majalisar Dokokin Injiniya a Najeriya (COREN), Majalisin Injiniya na Turai, yana da fellowship da yawa kuma a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin memba na Cibiyar Injiniya ta Najeriya. Har ila yau, ya himmatu wajen gudanar da aikin samar da wuraren shakatawa na kimiyya da fasaha na Najeriya, sannan kuma ya jajirce wajen kafa babbar hanyar bunkasa kimiyya da fasaha ta Afirka (APSTICA) a Abuja. Ya kuma fara aikin Hukumar Labarun Fasaha (TSB) da NOTAP-Industry Technology Transfer Fellowship (NITTF) a matsayin dabarun samar da iya aiki don samar da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ma’aikatan Kimiyya da Ƙirƙirar (STI) ga Nijeriya a matakin firamare da manyan makarantu.

## Zababbun ayyuka
Ya kera tare da samar da na'ura mai sarrafa gyada sau daya tak wanda ya dace da manoman Najeriya da tsarin kayan aikin dabbobi don sarrafa kayan amfanin gona a yankunan karkara, ya kera, ya ƙera da kuma sayar da na'urar cire husking na kwakwa don ƙananan masu noman kwakwa a Australia/Pacific da Asiya, wanda aka ƙera. da kuma samar da masana'antar sarrafa ruwa mai amfani da hasken rana don yankunan karkara na pacific, da aka tsara da kuma ɓullo da tsarin adana kayan lambu don yankunan karkara, an tsara kayan yankan tsuntsu 16 don ƙananan masana'antun kiwon kaji.

## Manazarta
Martin Lynn

**Martin Lynn** (31 Agusta 1951 - 15 Afrilu 2005) ɗan Biritaniya ne kuma ɗan Najeriya masanin tarihi a fanninTarihin Afirka. A lokacin da yake koyarwa a Jami'ar Ilorin, ya kasance Farfesa na Tarihin Afirka a Jami'ar Sarauniya Belfast. Shi ne mutum na farko da ya taɓa zama Farfesa a tarihin Afirka a Ireland. 

Lynn, ɗan asalin Najeriya, yayi karatu a Makarantar Gabas da Nazarin Afirka, Jami'ar London (MA) da King's College London (PhD). Ya kasance memba mai ƙwazo na Society of Friends. Martin Lynn Scholarship a Tarihin Afirka, wanda Royal Historical Society ke gudanarwa, an kafa shi ne ta hanyar sa. 

## Ayyukan da aka zaɓa
Littattafansa sun haɗa da:
* *Commerce and Economic Change in [[West Africa]]: The Palm Oil Trade in the Nineteenth Century * (Cambridge University Press, 1997)
* *[[Nigeria]] 1943-60* in the *[[United Kingdom|British]] Documents at the End of the Empire* project (HMSO, London, 2001)
* 
* *Encountering the Light: A Journey Taken* (Ebor Press, York)

## Manazarta
Muhammad Jawad

**Muhammad Jawaid** ya kasance ɗan siyasan kasar Pakistan ne wanda ya taɓa zama memba a Majalisar Lardin Sindh, daga watan Mayun shekarar 2013 zuwa Mayu 2018.

## Sana'ar siyasa
An zaɓe shi zuwa Majalisar lardin Sindh a matsayin ɗan takarar jam'iyyar Pakistan Peoples Party daga mazaɓar PS-108 KARACHI-XX a babban zaɓen Pakistan na 2013 .  

## Manazarta
Fashewar bututun Mai na Abule Egba, 2006

**Fashewar bututun mai na Abule Egba a shekara ta 2006** dai wani bala'i ne da ya abku a unguwar Abule Egba mai yawan jama'a da ke cikin birnin Lagos, Najeriya, a ranar 26 ga watan Disamba, 2006, inda fashewar ta kashe ɗaruruwan mutane. Da farko an yi imanin cewa an kashe mutane kusan 500, amma daga baya an tabbatar da cewa asarar bata kai hakan ba.

## Lamarin
Lamarin ya faru ne bayan da barayi suka huda wani bututun mai, mai ɗauke da man fetur da tsakar dare (agogon Najeriya), lamarin da ya jawo hankalin daruruwan masu fasa bututun a gundumar da suka tattara man ta hanyar amfani da kwantena na robobi, ana zarginsu da zuba mai a cikin wata tankar mai,  kafin man ya fara zuba ƙasa ya kama da wuta. Har yanzu dai ba a san musabbabin fashewar ba, yayin da shaidu suka bayyana cewa an fasa bututun ne lokacin da fashewar ta afku.

Ba a fayyace adadin mutanen da aka suka rasa rayukansu, amma an tabbatar da cewa sun kai ɗari. Abiodun Orebiyi, babban sakataren kungiyar agaji ta kasa NRC, ya kiyasta cewa aƙalla mutane 200 ne suka mutu, amma ya nuna cewa babu adadin waɗanda suka mutu a hukumance, kuma ya kasa tantance adadin waɗanda suka mutu, yana mai cewa NRC “[ bai sani ba idan 300, 400 ko 500 ne". Ya kuma ƙara da cewa an kai mutane 60 asibiti da munanan kone-kone, yayin da aka lalata gidaje da dama, tare da wani masallaci da coci da ke kusa da wurin.  Wani babban jami’i mai suna Ige Oladimeji, an ruwaito yana cewa an samu rahoton mutuwar mutane 260 da dare. A ranar da fashewar ta auku, wani mai daukar hoto na kamfanin dillancin labarai na Reuters ya kiyasta gawarwaki 500 a wurin.

## Duba kuma
* Fashewar bututun Mai na Atlas Creek, 2006
* 2010 South Kivu tank truck explosion
* List of pipeline accidents
* Gasoline theft

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
* Photos by *[[The New York Times]]*
Fashewar bututun Mai na Atlas Creek, 2006

**Fashewar bututun mai na Atlas Creek** wani bala'i ne da ya afku a ranar 12 ga watan Mayun 2006 a tsibirin Atlas Creek (wani lokaci ana kiransa Isanki Island), kusa da Lagos, Nigeria, lokacin da ɓarayi suka fasa wani bututun mai da ya haifar da fashewar, hakan yayi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 150. Ƙungiyar Agaji ta Red Cross ta Najeriya ta ce tun da farko ɓarayin sun yi ramuka a cikin bututun don satar mai, daga nan ne mutanen yankin suka sauko da jarkoki domin cika su da Mai. Kimanin jarkoki ɗari biyar ne aka gano a wurin da fashewar ta afku, wanda ya kona duk wanda ke da nisan tazarar mita 20 daga inda abin ya faru. An binne mutane da dama da suka mutu a kusa da wani babban kabari. 

## Bincike
Shugaban kasa a lokacin, Olusegun Obasanjo, ya ba da umarni ga yan sanda don aiwatar da cikakken bincike akai.

## Duba kuma

* Fashewar bututun Mai na Abule Egba, 2006
* Fashewar bututun Mai na Tlahuelpan, 2019
* Jerin hadurran bututun mai
* Satar mai

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
*Scores die in Nigeria fuel blast Scores die in Nigeria fuel blast. Retrieved: 25 September 2011.
*Probe ordered after Nigeria blast Retrieved: 25 September 2011.
Islam Abbas

**Islam Abbas** (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Maris, Shekara ta 1980) ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando ne ɗan ƙasar Falasdinu - Jordan. Shi memba ne na kungiyar kwallon kwando ta kasar Jordan.

Abbas ya fafata da tawagar Jordan a gasar Zakarar FIBA Asiya ta 2007 da kuma Zakarar FIBA Asiya ta 2009. A cikin shekarar 2009, Abbas ya taimaka wa tawagar Jordan zuwa matsayi na uku mafi kyau na kasa ta hanyar samun maki 4.6 da 5.4 a kowane wasa. 

Ko da yake Abbaas ya ga iyakance mataki a kan benci na mafi yawan gasar ta 2009, ya ci maki 23 kuma ya samu nasarar lashe gasar da maki 19 a cikin mintuna 23 kacal na wasan a zagayen farko da suka doke Indonesia da ci 105-47. 

## Manazarta
Kenny Pallraj

Kenny P a / l Davaragi (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga Afrilu 1993) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Malaysian wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na kulob din Malaysia Super League Kuala Lumpur City .   

## Ayyukan kulob

### Perak
Kenny ya fara wasan kwallon kafa a kungiyar Matasa na Perak kafin ya sanya hannu tare da Harimau Muda a shekarar 2015 kuma ya fito a Singaporean S.League . Kenny ya koma Perak don kakar Super League ta Malaysia ta 2016.

## Ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa
ranar 5 ga watan Yulin 2018, Kenny ya fara bugawa tawagar kasar Malaysia wasa a wasan sada zumunci da Fiji.

## Ƙididdigar aiki

### Ƙungiyar

### Ƙasashen Duniya

## Daraja
**Birnin Kuala Lumpur**

* Kofin Malaysia: 2021

**Perak**

* Wanda ya zo na biyu a Super League na Malaysia: 2018
* Kofin Malaysia: 2018
* Wanda ya ci gaba da cin Kofin FA na Malaysia: 2019

**Malaysia**

* Wanda ya ci gaba a Gasar cin kofin AFF: 2018

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* 
* Kenny Pallraja National-Football-Teams.com
Thamsanqa Kambule

**Thamsanqa Kambule** (15 Janairu 1921 - 7 Agusta 2009) ɗan Afirka ta Kudu masani ne a fannin lissafi kuma malami. Shi ne bakar fata na farko farfesa a Jamie'sJami Witwatersrand, kuma shi ne bakar fata na farko da aka baiwa lambar yabo ta kungiyar Actual Society of South Africa. An ba shi lambar yabo ta Baobab a shekara ta 2002 saboda hidimarsa ga ilimin lissafi.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Kambule a Aliwal North.  Mahaifiyarsa ta rasu yana ɗan shekara 18 a duniya, kuma innarsa ce ta yi renonsa.  Bai halarci makaranta ba sai yana da ɗan shekara 11, lokacin da ya shiga makarantar Anglican St Peter's School a Johannesburg. Ya kammala karatun difloma na malamai a Kwalejin Adams a shekara ta 1946 da digiri na farko a Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu a shekara ta 1954.

## Sana'a
Kambule ya koyar a Zambiya, Malawi da kuma makarantu da yawa a Afirka ta Kudu kafin a naɗa shi shugaban makarantar Orlando da ke Soweto a shekarar 1958.  Ya yi kamfen don tabbatar da cewa yara sun sami ilimi mafi kyau, duk da ƙuntatawa na Dokar Ilimin Bantu, 1953.  Makarantar sakandare ta Orlando tana da ɗakin karatu mai suna Robert Birley, farfesa mai ziyara a Jami'ar Witwatersrand. Ya jagoranci Asusun Rand Bursary Fund, shirin tallafi wanda ya ba da guraben karatu ga ɗaliban da ke buƙata.  Asusun ya ba wa ɗalibai fiye da 1,000 damar kammala karatun sakandare.  Tsofaffin ɗalibansa sun haɗa da Desmond Tutu da Jackie Selebi.   A cikin shekarar 1976 a lokacin boren Soweto, 'yan makaranta sun yi tawaye don tilasta musu yin koyo cikin harshen Afrikaans.  ‘Yan sanda sun harbe wasu yara da ba a tantance adadinsu ba, sannan ilimi a garuruwa ya wargaje.  Kambule ya yi murabus a cikin shekarar 1977 don nuna adawa da Sashen Ilimi na Bantu, kuma ya zama shugaban Kwalejin Pace.

A cikin shekarar 1978 ya shiga Jami'ar Witwatersrand, inda ya zama farfesa na farko baƙar fata.    Ya wallafa jerin littafan lissafi ga malaman da ba ƙwararrun malamai ba.  Ya yi ritaya a cikin shekarar 1976 kuma nan da nan ya zama Shugaban *Kwalejin Fasaha ta Mataki na ORT*. An ba shi digirin girmamawa a shekarar 1997 da digiri na uku a fannin ilimi a shekarar 2006.  A cikin shekarar 2002 ya sami lambar yabo ta Baobab daga Thabo Mbeki.  Ya zama sananne da *Dutsen* don ka'idodinsa na gaskiya. 

Kambule ya rasu a ranar 7 ga watan Agusta, 2009.  Shi malami ne da ake so, kuma tsoffin ɗalibansa Siphiwe Nyanda, Felicia Mabuza-Suttle da Mokotedi Mpshe sun halarci taron tunawa da shi.  Ɗalibin Trevor Mdaka shi ne likitansa a asibitin Unitas da ke Centurion. 

### Martaba
A cikin shekarar 2017 Jami'ar Witwatersrand ta sanya sunan Ginin Kimiyyar Lissafin su.  Deep Learning Indaba suna da lambar yabo ta Thamsanqa Kambule Doctoral Dissertation. 

Haka nan shahararren littafinsa mai suna "Huseyin Emir Bilgin Bu Yaziyi Degistirdi" (Yadda Na Samu Nasara) na ɗaya daga cikin manyan litattafai da aka rubuta a ƙasar.

## Manazarta
Donald Livingstone (masanin lissafi)

**Donald Livingstone** (1924 - 15 Oktoba 2001)   Masani ne a fannin ilimin lissafi ne ɗan ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu  kuma tsohon Shugaban (Pure Mathematics) a Jami'ar Birmingham. A baya can farfesa ne a Jami'ar Michigan.   Ya kasance memba na London Mathematical Society.  

## Manazarta
Loyiso Nongxa

**Loyiso Nongxa** Masani ne a fannin lissafin ɗan ƙasar  Afirka ta Kudu, shugaban Gidauniyar Bincike ta ƙasa ta Afirka ta Kudu (NRF) kuma tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (Wits). 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi **Nongxa** a ranar 22 ga Oktoba 1953  a Mhlanga kusa da Lady Frere, Eastern Cape a lokacin da ake Transkei. Duk iyayensa ƙwararrun malamai ne, kuma mahaifinsa shugaban makaranta ne, duk da cewa mahaifiyarsa ta kasance a gida don renon iyali. Nongxa ya yi kyau a makaranta, kuma ya yi karatu daga Kwalejin Healdtown tare da bambanci a matsayin babban ɗalibin matric a Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1972. An karɓi Nongxa a Jami'ar Fort Hare (UFH) bayan haka, kuma ya sami BSc (Hons) a cikin shekarar 1976. Yayin da yake UFH, ya kuma taka leda a rukunin rugby na "Baa-bas" na Jami'ar. Bayan samun MSc daga UFH a cikin shekarar 1978, ya zama ƙwararren ɗan Afirka ta Kudu baƙar fata Rhodes, kuma ya sami D.Phil daga Jami'ar Oxford a shekara ta 1982,   inda yake riƙe da taken Honorary Fellow ( Kwalejin Balliol ).

## Aikin ilimi
Nongxa ya karantar da ilimin lissafi a UFH, Jami'ar Ƙasa ta Lesotho, Jami'ar Natal da Jami'ar Western Cape (UWC). A UWC, ya riƙe muƙamin Farfesa na Lissafi, sannan aka naɗa shi shugaban tsangayar kimiyyar halitta. Ya kuma kasance masanin bincike mai ziyara a jami'o'in Colorado, Harvard, Connecticut, Hawaii, da Baylor.

An naɗa shi Mataimakin Mataimakin Shugaban Bincike a Wits a cikin watan Oktoba 2000, kuma Mataimakin Shugaban Makarantar a watan Afrilu 2002. Bayan murabus ɗin Farfesa Norma Reid Birley a watan Nuwamba 2002, ya zama Mataimakin Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar kuma Shugaban Jami'ar.  Daga nan ne Majalisar Jami’ar ta tantance shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda za su yi takarar Mataimakin Shugaban Jami’ar, sannan a ranar 19 ga watan Mayu 2003 Majalisar ta naɗa shi Mataimakin Shugaban Jami’ar.   Nongxa shi ne bakar fata na farko Mataimakin Shugaban jami'ar Wits. Adam Habib ne ya gaje shi a matsayin mataimakin shugaban jami'a a ranar 1 ga watan Yuni 2013.

Bayan matsayinsa a jami'o'i, Nongxa ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Zaɓen Siyarwa na Rhodes, Kwamitin Bincike na SAUVCA da wasu Gidauniyar Bincike ta ƙasa na kwamitocin Afirka ta Kudu. Tun da ya bar Wits ya hau kujerar Shugaban Hukumar NRF. 

An zaɓi Nongxa Mataimakin Shugaban Kungiyar Lissafi ta Duniya a watan Yulin 2018.

## Manazarta
Henda Swart

**Hendrika Cornelia Scott (Henda) Swart** FRSSAf (an haife ta a shekara ta 1939, ta mutu a watan Fabrairu 2016 [shekaru 77-78])   masaniya ce a fannin ilimin lissafi  ta Afirka ta Kudu, farfesa emeritus a fannin lissafi a Jami’ar KwaZulu-Natal kuma farfesa a Jami’ar Cape Town.  

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Hendrika Cornelia Scott ta auri John Henry Swart.  Sun haifi 'ya'ya uku Christine, Sandra da Gustav.

## Sana'a
Swart ta fara koyarwa a Jami'ar Natal a shekarar 1962.  Ita ce mutum ta farko da ta sami digirin digirgir a fannin lissafi daga Jami'ar Stellenbosch, a cikin shekarar 1971, tare da karatun digiri kan jumlolin jirage masu hasashe (projective planes) da Kurt-Rüdiger Kannenberg ke kulawa.  A cikin shekarar 1977, abubuwan bincikenta sun canza daga lissafi zuwa ka'idar zane, wanda ta ci gaba da wallafawa a cikin sauran ayyukanta.

Ita ce babbar editar mujallar *Utilitas Mathematica*,  kuma ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban Cibiyar (Institute of Combinatorics and its Applications). A cikin 1996 ta zama fellow na Royal Society of South Africa. 

Swart ta kasance malama na ɗan lokaci a Jami'ar Cape Town daga shekarar 2014 har zuwa mutuwarta.

## Wallafe-wallafe
Ta wallafa a ƙarƙashin sunan Henda C Swart.  Ta wallafa takardu kusan 100 daga shekarun 1980 zuwa 2018.

## Manazarta
Eugene Ngcobo

**Eugene Nhlanhla Nqaba Ngcobo** ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma masani a fannin kimiyya wanda ya wakilci jam'iyyar ANC a majalisar dokokin ƙasar daga shekarun 2004 zuwa 2014. An fara zaɓen shi a kujerarsa a shekarar 2004  kuma an zaɓe shi a karo na biyu a shekarar 2009.  A lokacin wa'adinsa na biyu, ya jagoranci Kwamitin Fayil kan Kimiyya da Fasaha.  Masanin kimiyya ne ta hanyar ƙwarewa: ya kammala MSc a Jami'ar Sofia kuma ya kammala Ph.D. Ya karanci Nuclear Reactor Physics a Jami'ar Cambridge. 

## Manazarta
Patricia Berjak

**Patricia Berjak** FRSSAf (29 Disamba 1939 - 21 Janairu 2015) 'yar Afirka ta Kudu ƙwararriya ce kuma masaniya a fannin kimiya  da ta shahara da aikinta kan ilimin halittu da tsirrai da Iri (seeds), musamman ma  iri na (seed recalcitrance)  Ta kasance Farfesa na shekaru 48 a Jami'ar Kwazulu-Natal (UKZN).

Ta sami B.Sc. digiri a fannin ilmin sunadarai da halittu a Jami'ar Witwatersrand (1962), sannan ta ci gaba zuwa Jami'ar Natal (yanzu UKZN), inda ta sami M.Sc. a fannin ilimin lissafi na dabbobi masu shayarwa da ilmin sunadarai (1966) da kuma PhD a fannin ilmin halittu da iri (seeds) (1969). Ta kasance memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Afirka ta Kudu, kuma Fellow na Jami'ar Natal, Royal Society of South Africa  da Kwalejin Fasaha ta Duniya ta Uku (Third World Academy of Sciences). An ba ta lambar yabo ta Order of Mapungubwe (Silver) a shekara ta 2006.   

Ana amfani da madaidaicin mawallafin gajarta Berjak don nuna wannan mutumin a matsayin marubucin lokacin da aka ambaci sunan botanical

## Manazarta
William Rune Liltved

**William Rune Liltved** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1960) ɗan Afirka ta Kudu masani ne a fannin ilimin malacology kuma masanin ilimin halittu.

Liltved ya kammala makarantar sakandare a shekarar 1979 kuma Gidan kayan tarihi na Afirka ta Kudu, Cape Town ya ɗauke shi aiki.  Ya yi karatun molluscs na ruwa a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta California a San Francisco. Ayyukansa sun kai shi yin nazarin molluscs a cikin wurare masu zafi na Kudancin Pacific, New Zealand, Australia, Caribbean da Mediterranean Sea, Californian yammacin gabar teku da gulf na California, Gough Island da Tristan da Cunha, da kuma kudancin Afirka. 

## Wallafe-wallafe

* 
* 

## Manazarta
Waziri Muhammad Saleem

**Waziri Muhammad Saleem** ɗan siyasan Pakistan ne wanda ya kasance memba a Majalisar Gilgit Baltistan tun Nuwamban shekarar 2020.

## Siyasa
Saleem ya tsaya takarar Majalisar Gilgit-Baltistan a zaɓen 2020 a ranar 15 ga watan Nuwamban 2020 daga GBA-9 (Skardu-III) a matsayin ɗan takara mai zaman kansa. Ya lashe zaɓen ne da tazarar kuri’u 1,099 a kan ‘yar takara Fida Muhammad Nashad ta Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI). Ya samu ƙuri'u 6,286 yayin da Nashad ta samu kuri'u 5,187. Bayan ya lashe zaɓe Saleem ya koma PTI.

## Manazarta
Basílio Ramos

**Basílio Mosso Ramos** (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga watan watan Janairu, 1952) ɗan siyasan Cape Verde ne wanda shi ne shugaban majalisar dokokin Cape Verde na 5th daga shekarun 2011 zuwa 2016. 

Ya zo siyasa a matsayin memba na PAICV. 

Ya je jami'o'i da dama na Turai ciki har da Jami'ar Katolika ta Louvain (ko Leuven) inda ya karanta ilimin zamantakewa kuma daga baya ya yi karatunsa  a Jami'ar Lisbon.

Shi ne mataimakin Cape Verde kuma ministan lafiya a shekarar 2002.   Daga baya ya zama shugaban majalisar wakilai na 5 daga ranar 11 ga watan Maris 2011  zuwa ranar 20 ga watan Afrilu 2016. Ya gaji Aristides Lima kuma Jorge Pedro Mauricio dos Santos ya gaje shi. 

## Manazarta
Detty December

**Disamba A Ghana**, wanda aka fi sani da ***Detty Disamba***, al'adu ne da al'amari da ya samu shahara tare da shirin " Shekarar Komawa " da gwamnatin Ghana ta kaddamar a shekarar 2019.  Yana nufin bukukuwan ƙarshen shekara a Ghana, yawanci ana yin su daga tsakiyar Disamba zuwa  sabon shekara. Wannan al'ada, wadda ta samo asali daga tarihin ƙasar, ta girma zuwa wani gagarumin al'adu da tattalin arziki, wanda ke jawo miliyoyin baƙi daga ƙasashen duniya a kowace shekara zuwa Ghana.

## Ƙirƙira
Yayin da ainihin asalin kalmar *"Detty Disamba"* ya kasance mara tabbas, An samo *"Detty"* daga kalmar "datti." Wannan yana nuna alamar shirye-shiryen rungumar jin nishadi, samun lokaci mai daɗi, da shiga cikin bukukuwa sabon shekara da farin ciki. A tsawon lokaci, wannan furuci ya kasance daidai da bukukuwan al'adu da aka gudanar a Accra da Legas a cikin watani Disamba da Janairu.

## Tarihi
Kafin yaɗuwar kalmar *"Detty Disamba,"* 'yan Ghana mazauna ƙasashen waje sun saba ziyartar ƙasarsu a lokacin Kirismati, al'adar da ta fi dacewa ga iyalai da yawa. Duk da haka, ra'ayin ya ɗauki sabon salo tare da Shekarar Komawa,  wanda ya yi bikin cika shekaru 400 na zuwan ƴan Afirka da ake kwasa baayi a Arewacin Amirka . Wannan yunƙuri, da nufin sake haɗa al'ummar Afirka ta duniya da tushensu, ya haifar da al'adar *"Detty December"* a matsayin aikin hajjin al'adu zuwa Ghana a cikin watannin Disamba.

## Tasiri da Haraji
Tun daga farkon shekarar dawowar Ghana, Ghana ta samu bunkasuwa a fannin yawon bude ido da ci gaban tattalin arziki. A cikin bikin na tsawon shekara guda, masu yawon bude ido har miliyan 1.5 da suka hada da mashahurai, 'yan siyasa, da shugabannin kasashen duniya, sun ziyarci kasar, inda suka bayar da gudunmawar kudaden shiga da aka kiyasta ya kai dala biliyan 1.9. Bangaren yawon bude ido ya ga karuwar kashi 18% a bakin haure daga kasashen Amurka, Biritaniya, Caribbean, da sauran kasashe. Jimillar masu zuwa filin jirgin sama ya karu da kashi 45 cikin ɗari, wanda ke nuna gagarumin tasirin shirin kan tattalin arzikin ƙasar.

Kiyasin kashewa ga kowane ɗan yawon buɗe ido ya tashi sosai daga $1,862 a cikin 2017 zuwa adadi na yanzu na $2,589. Wannan kwararar kudaden shiga na nuna mahimmancin tattalin arzikin *Detty Disamba* da ayyukan shekarar dawowa kan tattalin arzikin Ghana.

## Fitattun Al'adu
*Detty Disamba* ana yiwa alama da ɗimbin al'amuran al'adu, kide-kide, da bukukuwa. Musayar al'adu tsakanin ƴan ƙasar Ghana da ƴan ƙasashen Afirka mazauna turai na bayyana a cikin jerin kade-kade, da ke nuna hazaka na gida da waje. Mambobin kasashen Afirka mazauna turai da dama da suka hada da taurarin fina-finan Hollywood bakar fata, an ja hankalinsu zuwa kasar Ghana, inda suke halartar bikin tare da ba da gudummawarsu.

Tun daga shekarar 2022, Ghana ta ƙara sauƙaƙe wannan al'ada ta hanyar yin watsi da buƙatun biza ga duk masu shigowa cikin watannin Disamba da Janairu.

## Manazarta
Sameh Naguib

**Sameh Naguib** ( ) Masani ne a fannin  ilimin zamantakewa  a Jami'ar Amurka a Alkahira,  mai fafutuka kuma ɗan gurguzu.  A shekara ta 2006 ya wallafa wani ɗan gajeren littafi mai nazarin tarihi da ci gaban ƙungiyar 'yan uwa musulmi mai suna *The Muslim Brotherhood-A socialist viewpoint*. 

A cikin shekarar 2007, Naguib ya kasance mai magana a taron Cairo Anti-war Conference karo na biyar, wanda ya yi amfani da shi a matsayin wani dandali don yin Allah wadai da tsohon shugaban kasar  Hosni Mubarak, kuma ya nuna ma'aikatan Masar da ke yajin aiki a matsayin hanyar ci gaba ga wannan yunkuri:

: A *gwagwarmayar da gwamnatin Mubarak a farkonsa take ba ta kare ba kamar yadda gwamnatin ke fata.* *Duk da juyin mulkin da tsarin mulki ya yi, ta hanyar karfi da jabu, ta'addancin kasar  Masar ba zai tsorata mu ba.* *Dokokinsu da tsarin mulkin kama-karya ba za su hana mu fafutukar neman ‘yanci da adalci ba.* 

Shi ne marubucin mukaloli da dama da kasida, *Juyin Juyin Halitta na Masar: da A Political Analysis and Eyewitness Account (London: Bookmarks, 2011).*

## Duba kuma

* 'Yan gurguzu na juyin juya hali
* Juyin Juyin Juya Halin Masar: Binciken Siyasa da Bayanan Ido  na Sameh Naguib (London: Alamomin shafi, 2011).

## Manazarta
Mohamed Cherkaoui (masanin ilimin zamantakewa)

An haifi **Mohamed Cherkaoui** a shekara ta 1945 a Boujad.   Shi babban darektan bincike ne a CNRS. Ya gudanar da bincike  da yawa kan tsarin ilimi a Turai, Amurka, da Maroko, da kuma rashin daidaito da motsin zamantakewa. Tun daga farkon shekarun 2000, ya mayar da hankali kan aikin Musuluntar da al'ummomin Musulmi a Maroko, musamman a yankin Sahara. Mohamed ya ci gaba da karatunsa a kan tarihi da ka'idojin zamantakewa, musamman kan Max Weber da Emile Durkheim waɗanda ya sadaukar da ayyukansa da dama. Ya gudanar da babban bincike kan binciken kimiyyar zamantakewa a Maroko (2004-2009) kuma an naɗa shi a ranar 4 ga watan Janairu, 2010 a matsayin memba na Hukumar Ba da Shawarwari kan Yanki (CCR) ta Sarki Mohammed VI. Cherkaoui shi ne tsohon darektan Revue Française de Sociologie, memba na kwamitocin edita na mujallu na duniya da dama, kuma ya jagoranci tarin a Bardwell-Press. 

Ya karanci falsafa, ilimin zamantakewa, da kididdiga a Sorbonne, kuma ya sami digirinsa na uku a fannin haruffa da ilimin ɗan adam a shekarar 1981 a Jami'ar Paris Sorbonne. Ya koyar a jami'o'i da dama, musamman a Sciences Po Paris, da kuma jami'o'in Paris IV, Paris V, Oxford, Lausanne, Geneva, Rabat, da Casablanca.

## Manazarta
Etannibi Alemika

**Etannibi Alemika** farfesa ne a fannin laifuka (criminology) da ilimin zamantakewar al'umma a Jami'ar Jos. A watan Agustan 2015, yana daya daga cikin mutane bakwai da aka nada a sabuwar hukumar yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da shugaban kasa Muhammadu Buhari ya shirya.  Kasidarsa da aka fi ambato ita ce mai suna *‘Yan Sanda da Ra’ayin ‘Yan Sanda a [[Nijeriya]] (Policing and Perceptions of Police in Nigeria)*, wanda aka wallafa a shekarar 1988.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Alemika ya karanci ilimin zamantakewa a jami'ar Ibadan inda kuma ya samu digiri na biyu a kwas daya. A cikin shekarar 1985, ya sami digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar Pennsylvania, inda ya kammala karatunsa da bambanci kafin ya ci gaba da samun digiri na uku a fannin laifuka (criminology).

## Aikin ilimi
Shi memba ne na kungiyoyi da yawa ciki har da Ƙungiyar American Society for criminology  da Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyyar Adalci (Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences).  A shekarar 2013, ya gabatar da buƙatar samar da ma’ajiyar bayanai a Najeriya don amfani da hukumomin tsaro da za su taimaka da yaki da miyagun laifuka.   A wata lacca ta shekarar 2017 da aka gudanar a jihar Legas, Alemika ya koka kan halin da tsaron cikin gida ke ciki tare da yin kira ga ‘yan majalisa da su samar da dokokin da za su tabbatar da aikin ‘yan sanda mai inganci a Najeriya.

## Alkawuran gudanarwa

* Memba, a kwamitin yaki da cin hanci da rashawa na Buhari na mutum bakwai

## Rayuwa ta sirri

### Emily Alemika
Ya auri Emily Alemika, wacce kuma farfesa ce. Emily, malama ce a sashen shari'a na jama'a, tsangayar shari'a, Jami'ar Jos an haife ta tare da iyayen da suka rabu kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin kuyanga a gidaje da yawa kafin ta fara makarantar firamare tana da shekaru 13. Ta yi difloma a fannin shari'a a Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin shari'a. Ta bayyana mijinta a matsayin wanda ke da alhakin ci gabanta a rayuwa da alherin cetonta. Tana bayyana cewa shi mutum ne da bai taɓa yin amfani da jinsi a matsayin abin nuna wariya a cikin batutuwa ba.  Ita ce kuma farfesa a fannin shari'a ta farko daga jihar Kogi. 

A shekarar 2017, Gwamna Yahaya Bello ya naɗa matarsa a matsayin mamba a majalisar gudanarwa ta Jami’ar Jihar Kogi.

## Manazarta
Afe Annang (Ƙungiya)

An kafa ƙungiyar **Afe Annang** ne a karshen yakin basasar da aka yi a Najeriya da nufin yaki da gwamnatin Annang ta mayar da kasar saniyar ware. Wannan kungiya ɗaya ce ta zama muryar Annang tun lokacin da aka kashe yawancin shugabannin Annang a lokacin yaƙin. Rashin wakilci a teburin manufofin Najeriya ya sa ƙungiyar ta zama dole. Buƙatar tabbatar da kungiyar ta ingantacciya da kuma samun ta a tsarin gargajiya ya haifar da samar da ofishin babban shugaba da aka fi sani da Itai Annang, wanda aka fassara a zahiri, shi ne babban ginshikin Annang. Ofishin, amma ba na gargajiya ba ne kuma bai wanzu ba har sai da aka kafa ƙungiyar. Yana wakiltar yunƙurin siyasa na haɗin kai tsakanin ƙungiyoyin Annang daban-daban kuma yana ba wa mai ofishin damar zama alamar haɗin kai.

Ana kiran Majalisar Obong ta gargajiya ta mutanen Annang Afe Annang kuma majalisa, ana kiranta Afe. Zaɓin Obong yawanci yana dogara ne akan ijma'i na ƙauye ko dangi ta wannan tsarin zamantakewa.

Ana kiran shugaban majalisar sarakunan gargajiya ta mutanen Annang " Itai Afe Annang". Itai Afe Annang ana ɗaukar sa a matsayin shugaban gargajiya kuma ba shi da iko a matsayin sarkin mutanen Annang. Shugaban kungiyar Itai Afe Annang na farko shine Late Obong, Sir, Dr Ephraim U. Essien I.

## Duba kuma

* Annang
* Ikot Ekpene

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
* Annang Heritage Preservation Inc.
Uche Azikiwe

**Uche Ewah Azikiwe** MFR, (an haife shi 4 Fabrairu 1947) Malama ce, mai koyarwa kuma marubuciya 'yar ƙasar Najeriya. Ita ce matar tsohon shugaban Najeriya Nnamdi Azikiwe.   Ita farfesa ce a Sashen Nazarin Ilimi, Faculty of Education a Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka. A shekarar 1999 aka naɗa ta a hukumar gudanarwar babban bankin Najeriya (CBN).

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Uche Azikiwe a ranar 4 ga watan Fabrairun 1947 a Afikpo a Jihar Ebonyi ta yau. An haife ta ga Sajan Major Lawrence A. da Florence Ewah.
 

Uche Azikiwe ta kammala karatun digirinta na farko a fannin fasaha da harshen Turanci a jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka (UNN). Daga nan ta ci gaba da samun digiri na biyu a fannin karatun manhaja da zamantakewar al'umma. A shekara ta 1992, ta sami digiri na uku na Ph.D. a fannin Ilimin zamantakewa na Ilimi/Nazarin jinsi daga jami'a guda.

## Aikin ilimi
Daga shekarun 1981 zuwa 1987, Uche Azikiwe ta yi aiki a matsayin malama a makarantar sakandare ta Nsukka. Ta koma Sashen Ilimin Ilimi, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka a shekarar 1987.

## Alaka
Azikiwe memba ce a cikin ƙwararrun ƙungiyoyi da ƙungiyoyi waɗanda suka haɗa da, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da Manhajoji da koyarwa (WCCI), Network for Women Studies in Nigeria (NWSN),  Curriculum Organization of Nigeria (CON),  Ƙungiyar Nazarin Mata ta Ƙasa (NWSA),   Amurka da Ƙungiyar Matan Jami'a (NAUW).

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Ta auri Nnamdi Azikiwe tana da shekaru 26, kuma ta haifi ‘ya’ya biyu Uwakwe Ukuta da Molokwu Azubuike.

## Duba kuma
Jerin mutanen jihar Ebonyi

## Manazarta
Nader Fergany

**Nader Abd-Elmaksoud Fergany** (An haife shi a ranar 20 ga Agusta, 1944 kuma ya mutu ranar 31 ga Disamba, 2024) masani ne a fannin ilimin zamantakewa kuma masani a fannin ilimin tattalin arziki. Shi ne darektan cibiyar bincike ta Masar Al-Mishkat.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Fergany a ranar ashirin 20 ga watan Agusta shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da arba'in da huɗu 1944, a Giza. Ya sami digirinsa na farko a shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da sittin da ukku 1963 a tsangayar tattalin arziki da kimiyyar siyasa ta Jami'ar Alkahira. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Jami'ar North Carolina kuma ya sami Ph.D.  a shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da saba'in 1970. 

Fergany da aka wallafa a fagen ilimin alƙaluma, ƙaura, kasuwar aiki, ilimi da ci gaba, a Masar da sauran ƙasashen Larabawa. 

Ya aiwatar da bincike don yawan cibiyoyi na Masar da na duniya. Shi ne mai ba da shawara ga ƙungiyoyin Larabawa da yawa da na duniya, kamar Cibiyar Tsare-tsare ta ƙasa, Majalisar Jama'a ta ƙasa, Hukumar Tattara da Ƙididdiga ta Tsakiya da Jami'ar Amurka, duk a Alkahira. Bugu da ƙari, ya yi bincike a Cibiyar Horarwa da Bincike a Ƙididdiga ta Larabawa a Bagadaza, Cibiyar Tsare-tsaren Larabawa a Kuwait da Kwalejin St Antony a Oxford a Birtaniya.

## Littattafai
Fergany shine babban marubucin *Rahoton Ci gaban Bil Adama na Larabawa* na shekarar alif dubu biyu da biyu 2002. An girmama wannan rahoto a cikin shekarar alif dubu biyu da ukku 2003 tare da bashi lambar yabo ta Prince Claus daga Netherlands kuma shine farkon jerin rahotanni a cikin wannan filin da ya biyo baya a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Masana kimiyya da yawa ne suka yi aiki da waɗannan rahotanni.    Bugu da ƙari, ya wallafa (zaɓi):

* A shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da saba'in da huɗu 1974: An introduction to demographic analysis
* A shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da saba'in da biyar 1975: The relationship between fertility level and societal development: And implications for planning to reduce fertility: an exercise in macro-statistical modelling
* A shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da ɗaya 1981: The role of Egyptian labour in the construction sector in Kuwait
* A shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da bakwai1987: Differentials in labour migration, Egypt (1974-1984)
* A shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da ɗaya 1981: Monitoring the condition of the poor in the third world: Some aspects of measurement
* 2001: Human development and the acquisition of advanced knowledge in Arab countries : the role of higher education, research and technological development

## Manazarta
Alaafin

**Alaafin**, ko kuma *mai kula da fada* a yaren Yarbawa, shi ne sarautar sarkin daular Oyo ta tsakiya da kuma garin Oyo na yammacin Afirka a yau. Take ko Suna ne, na musamman na Oba (sarkin) na Oyo. Wani lokaci ana fassara kalmar a matsayin “sarki”. Sarkin Oyo ya mulki tsohuwar daular Oyo, wadda ta taso daga jamhuriyar Benin ta yau zuwa Najeriya, wadda ta samo asali daga jihohin Kudu maso Gabas da Yamma zuwa Arewa. Mutanen da ke ƙarƙashinsa ana kiransu Yarabawa kuma suna magana da harshen Yarbanci.

## Tarihi
Alaafin na Oyo a gargajiyance da Tarihin Yarabawa ance ɗaya ne daga cikin jikoki bakwai na Oduduwa waɗanda daga baya suka zama Sarakuna, wanda ya zama ginshikin tubalin wayewar Yarbawa. 

Alafin da Oyo Mesi ne suka kafa gwamnatin tsakiya ta Masarautar. Karamar hukumar ta kasance a hannun oba (idan aka yi masa rawani) ko bale (idan bai cancanci sanya rawani ba). Dangantakar da ke tsakanin Alafin da Obas ta fada ce, wato don mulkinsa da kare shi, Obas, Bales da sarakunan jahohin vassal suna bin sa sau da kafa a dokance.
A farkon shekarun 1800, duk da haka, rikice-rikice tsakanin Sarkin Oyo (alafin) da sarakunan gado (obas) na manyan jihohin birni, waɗanda suka ƙunshi majalisar zartarwa mai zaman kanta (oyo mesi), sun raunana ikon tsakiya- kamar Masarautar Oyo ta fara rasa iko a kan masarautu da ke lungu da saƙo da ma birane.

An ci gaba da riƙe wannan lakabin bayan rushewar daular Oyo a matsayin taken sarautar ’yan asalin Oyo, Najeriya a hukumance. Alaafin shine shugaban siyasa na kabilar Yarbawa kuma shine sarki ɗaya tilo da ke da ikon da ake bukata kafin ya naɗa sarki mai wakiltar kasar Yarabawa baki ɗaya. Misalan irin wannan naɗin sun haɗa da Aare Ona Kakanfo na kasar Yarbawa da Iyalode na kasar Yarbawa.

Kamar na shekarar 2021 Alaafin (Sarkin) na Oyo shine Oba Lamidi Adeyemi III wanda shine Alaafin na 45, yayi bikin cika shekaru 50 akan karagar mulki. Oba Lamidi Olayiwola Adeyemi III, Iku Baba Yeye, Alaafin (sarkin) Oyo ya kasance Shugaba na din-din-din na Majalisar Obas da Sarakunan Jihar Oyo har zuwa rasuwarsa ranar Juma'a, 22 ga Afrilu 2022. Salon da aka yi amfani da shi ga Alaafins shi ne; Mai Martaba Sarki.

## Duba kuma

* Sarakunan Jihar Yarbawa ta Oyo

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
*  Shafin na Musamman na Sarkin Oyo