open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Joseph Waku

**Joseph KN Waku** saurare an zaɓe shi Sanata mai wakiltan mazabar Benuwe arewa maso yamma na jihar Benuwe, Nigeria a farkon jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, wanda ya tsaya takara a karkashin jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party (PDP). Ya fara aiki a ranar 29 ga Mayun shekarar 1999. Bayan ya hau kujerarsa a Majalisar Dattawa a watan Yuni na shekara ta 1999 an naɗa shi a kwamitocin Majalisar Dattawa, Ayyuka da Gidaje, Lafiya, Kafa, Albarkatun Ruwa (Shugaban) da Kasuwanci. 

Bayan ya bar ofis, Waku ya zama mai fafutuka a ƙungiyar Arewa Consultative Forum (ACF), ƙungiyar masu fafutuka ta arewa. A wata hira da aka yi da shi a watan Disambar shekarar 2003 ya ce da gangan ƙungiyar Middle Belt Forum ta ke cire wadanda ba Kirista ba daga cikin kungiyar su, ya kuma bayyana cewa an kafa kungiyar ta ACF ne domin ba da murya ga tsirarun arewacin kasar da suka hada da na Middle Belt. Da yake magana a matsayin mataimakin shugaban majalisar a watan Yunin shekarar 2008, ya zargi shugaban majalisar dattijai, David Mark da nuna kyama ga kabilanci wajen nuna adawa da naɗin Farida Waziri, ƴar Tiv a matsayin shugabar hukumar yaƙi da masu yi wa tattalin arzikin ƙasa zagon ƙasa da yi wa tattalin arzikin ƙasa zagon ƙasa. 

## Nassoshi
Ummi Ibrahim

**Ummi Ibrahim** yar wasan Kannywood ce da ta shahara a fim ɗin Jinsi inda ta samu suna Zeezee.  
## Sana'a
Akwai cece-kuce game da jarumar a masana’antar kamar yadda ta ce ta fi ta. Wannan ya jawo martani a tsakanin abokan aikin ta tun bayan ganin ta na ƙarshe a Kannywood a shekarar 2006.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An yi ta raɗe-raɗin cewa Ummi ta haɗu da tsohon shugaban ƙasa, Janar Ibrahim Babangida. Ta tabbatar da cewa har yanzu abokai ne a wata hira da wata jarida ta intanet.  

Jarumar Nollywood kuma tsohuwar budurwa ce ga Timaya, mawakin jihar Benue. 

An yaudari jarumar ne da ‘yan damfara miliyan 450 bayan wani mutum da ya fito a matsayin abokin kasuwanci ya kawo cinikin danyen mai. Masoya da abokan aikinta sun yi mata jaje tun lokacin da ta yi tunanin kashe kanta bayan lamarin.    

Ummi tayi alfahari da cewa bata sanya kayan kwalliya ba tunda kyawunta ya isa. 

## Filmography

* Yanayi
* Tutar Soyayya
* Yan uwa
* Gambiya
* Jinsi

## Duba kuma

* Hadizu Aliyu
* Halimah Atete
* Hauwa Maina

## Manazarta
Gideon Obhkhan

**Gideon Obhkhan** ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne kuma tsohon kwamishinan ilimi a jihar Edo. Ya tsaya takarar majalisar wakilai a loƙacin babban zaɓen 2015.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Gideon Obhkhan a Ekpoma, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Emaudo, Ekpoma, kafin ya wuce zuwa Kwalejin Katolika ta Annunciation, Irrua inda ya yi karatun sakandire daga nan ya wuce Jami'ar Benin inda ya sami digiri na farko a Injiniyan lantarki.  Ya yi digirinsa na biyu a fannin injiniyan sadarwa daga Jami'ar Legas kafin ya wuce Jami'ar Leicester, United Kingdom don yin karatun MBA.  

## Sana'a da siyasa
Obhkhan ya yi aiki da kamfanonin sadarwa masu zaman kansu kamar su Mobitel da EMIS sadarwa kafin ya koma MTN Nigeria a matsayin manajin darakta, Tsare-tsare da Dabaru. 

Obhkhan ya tsaya takarar ɗan majalisar wakilai a zaɓen 2015 a karkashin inuwar jam’iyyar All Progressives Congress (APC). Ya sha kaye a hannun ɗan takarar jam’iyyar adawa, Joe Edionwele na jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party (PDP).  Gwamnan jihar Edo na lokacin Adams Oshiomhole ne ya naɗa shi kwamishinan ilimi .  A lokacin zaɓen gwamna na 2020 a jihar Edo, ɗan takarar jam’iyyar PDP ya nada shi daraktan bincike na ƙungiyar yakin neman zaɓen Ize-Iyamo. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Obhkhan Kirista ne kuma yana da aure.

## Manazarta
October 1 (fim)

***1 ga watan Oktoba*** (2014) fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya mai ban tsoro wanda Tunde Babalola ya rubuta, kuma Kunle Afolayan ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni.  Taurarin shirin sun hada da Sadiq Daba, Kayode Olaiya, David Bailie, Kehinde Bankole, Kanayo O. Kanayo, Fabian Adeoye Lojede, Nick Rhys, Kunle Afolayan, Femi Adebayo, Bimbo Manuel, Ibrahim Chatta, da kuma Demola Adedoyin; Hakanan yana da siffa ta musamman ta Deola Sagoe .  An shirya fim ɗin a watannin ƙarshe na Mulkin Mallaka a Nijeriya a 1960. Shirin ya kunshilabari akan Danladi Waziri (Sadiq Daba), dan sanda daga Arewacin Najeriya da aka tura wani gari mai nisa a Akote a Yammacin Najeriya domin ya binciki yadda ake yawan kashe mata a cikin al'umma. Ya kuma kamata ya warware wannan sirrin kafin a daga tutar Najeriya a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960, ranar ‘yancin kai na Najeriya .

## Shiryawa
Danladi Waziri, wanda ya jagoranci shirin, ya fuskanci kalubale, domin daraktan na da kamanni na musamman da yake so ga jarumar. An zabi Sadiq Daba ne a matsayin bayan gwaji da bincike da yawa. Wannan rawar ta nuna komawarsa ga babban fage bayan fiye da shekaru goma ba tare da masana'antar ba.  Fim din ya samu karbuwa daga wajen Gwamnatin Jihar Legas, Toyota Nigeria, Elizade Motors, Guinness, da Inshorar Sovereign Trust. 

Bayan watanni hudu na shiryawa, an dauke shirin a Legas da jihar Ondo na tsawon kwanaki arba'in ta hanyar amfani da kyamarar RED .  Shirye-shiryen shirya fim ɗin ya kasance ta hanyar Pat Nebo, wanda ya yi aiki tare da Kunle Afolayan a cikin ayyukan fim na baya. Nebo da tawagarsa sun yi kusan rabin kayayyakin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin fim din; wasu kayan tallafi, irin su faifan talabijin na 1950, bindigogin harbi, da motocin gargajiya, an samo su kuma an sake gyara su don fim ɗin.   Golden Effects sun haɗu tare da Haute Couture don samar da kayan ado na zamani da aka yi amfani da su a cikin fim din.

## Manazarta
Cranach

**Cranach** sunan mahaifi ne (wato surname a Turance) na yaren Jamusanci. Fitattun mutane masu sunan sun haɗa da:

* Augustin Cranach (1554-1595), mai zanen Jamusanci
* Hans Cranach (c. 1513–1537), mai zanen Jamusanci
* Lucas Cranach the Elder (c. 1472–1553), ɗan wasan Jamus
* Lucas Cranach the Younger (c. 1515–1586), ɗan wasan Jamus

## Duba kuma

* Granach
* Harry Graf Kessler (1868-1937), wanda ya kafa Cranach Press

## Manazarta
*
Lucas Chanavat

**Lucas Chanavat** (an haife shi 17 Disamba 1994) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Faransa wanda ke wakiltar ƙungiyar Le Grand Bornand.

Ya yi fafatawa a gasar FIS Nordic World Ski Championship 2017 a Lahti, Finland.

## Sakamakon tsallake-tsallake
An samo duk sakamakon daga Ƙungiyar Ski ta Duniya (FIS). 

### Wasannin Olympics

An rage nisa zuwa kilomita 30 saboda yanayin yanayi.

### Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya

### Gasar cin kofin duniya

#### Matsayin yanayi

#### Matsaloli guda ɗaya

* Nasara 2 - (2  )
* 15 podiums - (11 , 4  )

#### Filayen ƙungiyar

* 1 nasara - (1  )
* 3 podiums - (3  )

## Manazarta

*
Tsoro

**[[tsoro]]** shine samun martani na tsoro ga barazanar ko haɗari.

**Tsoro** kuma yana nufin:Tsoron 

*  (fim) , fim din Amurka na 2024
* "Afraid" (2hollis da Nate Sib song) , 2025
* "Afraid" (waƙarötley Crüe) , 1997
* "Afraid" (Waƙar Neighborhood), 2013
* "Afraid" (waƙar David Bowie) , 2002
* "Afraid", waƙar *V* Hudgens, daga kundi na farko na 2006, V
* "Afraid", waƙar Nelly Furtado, daga kundi na 2006 Loose*Rashin Rashin Ruwa*
* "Afraid", waƙar da Medina ta yi, daga sake fitar da kundi na 2013 Forever*Har abada*
* "Afraid", waƙar Nico, daga kundin *Desertshore* na 1970
Zaben majalisar dattawan Najeriya na 2015 a jihar Bauchi

A ranar 28 ga Maris, 2015 ne aka gudanar da zaɓen ƴan majalisar dattawan Najeriya na 2015 a jihar Bauchi, domin zaɓen ƴan majalisar dattawan Najeriya da za su wakilci jihar Bauchi . Isah Hamma mai wakiltar Bauchi ta tsakiya, Malam Wakili mai wakiltar Bauchi ta Kudu da Sulaiman Mohammed Nazif mai wakiltar Bauchi ta Arewa duk sun yi nasara a jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress .  

## Dubawa

## Sakamako

### Bauchi ta Tsakiya
Ɗan takarar jam’iyyar All Progressives Congress Isah Hamma ne ya lashe zaɓen, inda ya doke ɗan takarar jam’iyyar People’s Democratic Party, Abdul Ahmed Ningi da sauran ƴan takarar jam’iyyar.         

## Manazarta
Farin ciki

**Farin Ciki: A** cikin mahallin yanayi na hankali ko tunani, tabbatacce ne ko jin daɗin motsin rai, tun daga gamsuwa zuwa tsananin farin ciki. Sauran nau'o'in sun haɗa da gamsuwar rayuwa, jin daɗin rayuwa, da eudaimonia. 

Tun daga (1960s), an gudanar da bincike na farin ciki a cikin nau'o'in ilimin kimiyya iri-iri, ciki har da ilimin gerontology, ilimin zamantakewa da ilimin halin kirki, bincike na asibiti da likita da tattalin arziƙi na farin ciki. Akwai kwayoyin halitta masu inganta farin ciki a jikin dan adam wanda kimiyya ya gano, wannan sun hada da; Dophamine da kuma Serotonin. 

Akasin farin ciki shi ake kira bakin ciki wanda ya kunshi kunci da halin rashin jin dadi

## '''Ma'anoni'''
"Farin ciki" ana yin muhawara akan amfani da ma'ana,      da yiwuwar bambance-bambancen fahimtar al'ada.  

An fi amfani da kalmar dangane da abubuwa guda biyu: 

* kwarewar halin yanzu na jin  motsin rai (tasiri) kamar jin daɗi ko farin ciki,  ko na ma'anar 'yanayin motsin rai gaba ɗaya'.  Misali Daniel Kahneman ya bayyana farin ciki a matsayin " *abin da nake fuskanta a nan da yanzu*".  Wannan amfani yana da yawa a cikin ma'anar ƙamus na farin ciki.   
* kimanta gamsuwar rayuwa, kamar ingancin rayuwa.  Misali Rout Veenhoven ta ayyana farin ciki a matsayin "gaba ɗaya yabon rayuwar mutum gaba ɗaya."   Kahneman ya ce wannan yana da mahimmanci ga mutane fiye da abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu.   

Wasu amfani na iya haɗawa da waɗannan abubuwan biyu. Jin daɗin rayuwa (swb)  ya haɗa da ma'auni na ƙwarewar halin yanzu (ji, yanayi, da ji) da gamsuwar rayuwa.  Alal misali, Sonja Lyubomirsky ya kwatanta farin ciki a matsayin " *ƙwarewar farin ciki, jin daɗi, ko jin daɗin rayuwa mai kyau, tare da jin cewa rayuwar mutum tana da kyau, mai ma'ana, kuma mai dacewa.* "  Eudaimonia,  kalma ce ta Helenanci da aka fassara dabam-dabam a matsayin farin ciki, jin daɗi, bunƙasa, da albarka. Xavier Landes  ya ba da shawarar cewa farin ciki ya haɗa da matakan jin daɗin rayuwa, yanayi da eudaimonia. 

Wadannan ana amfani daban-daban na iya ba da sakamako daban-daban.   Misali an nuna alaƙar matakan samun kuɗin shiga yana da mahimmanci tare da matakan gamsuwa na rayuwa, amma don ya fi rauni, aƙalla sama da wani kofa, tare da matakan gogewa na yanzu.   Ganin cewa ƙasashen Nordic sukan sami sakamako mafi girma akan binciken swb, ƙasashen Kudancin Amurka suna da maki mafi girma akan binciken da ya shafi tasiri na rayuwa mai kyau a halin yanzu. 

Ma'anar kalmar na iya bambanta dangane da mahallin,  cancantar farin ciki a matsayin polyseme da ra'ayi mai ban mamaki.

Wani batu kuma shine lokacin da aka yi awo; kimanta matakin farin ciki a lokacin gwaninta na iya bambanta da kimantawa ta hanyar ƙwaƙwalwa a kwanan baya.  

Wasu masu amfani sun yarda da waɗannan batutuwa, amma suna ci gaba da amfani da kalmar saboda ikon haɗuwarta.      

## Manazarta
Baligi

**Baligi** mutum ne ko wata dabba da ta kai cikkaken girma.  A mahallin ɗan adam, kalmar *babba* tana da ma'anoni masu alaƙa da ra'ayi na zamantakewa da na shari'a. Ya bambanta da "ƙarami", **baligi na shari'a** shine mutumin da ya kai shekarun girma don haka ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mai zaman kansa, mai cin gashin kansa, kuma mai . Hakanan ana iya ɗaukar su a matsayin "manyan". Yawan shekarun samun girma na shari'a shine 18, kodayake ma'anar na iya bambanta ta haƙƙin doka, ƙasa, da haɓakar tunani.

Balagancin ɗan adam ya ƙunshi haɓakar girma na tunani. Ma'anar balagaggu sau da yawa ba su dace ba kuma suna da sabani; mutum na iya zama babba a ilimin halitta, kuma yana da ɗabi'a, amma har yanzu ana kula da shi a matsayin yaro idan sun kasance ƙarƙashin shekarun girma. Akasin haka, mutum na iya zama babba a bisa doka amma ba shi da wani balagagge da alhakin da zai iya ayyana halin balagagge.

A cikin al'adu daban-daban akwai abubuwan da suka shafi wucewa daga yaro zuwa girma ko girma. Wannan sau da yawa ya ƙunshi wucewa jerin gwaje-gwaje don nuna cewa mutum ya shirya don girma, ko kuma ya kai ƙayyadaddun shekaru, wani lokaci kuma tare da nuna shiri. Yawancin al'ummomin zamani suna ƙayyade girma na shari'a bisa isa ga ƙayyadaddun shekarun doka ba tare da buƙatar nuna balaga na zahiri ko shirye-shiryen balagagge ba.

## Manazarta
Hankali

**Hankali** shine saitin ikon tunani wanda ke da alhakin duk abubuwan mamaki na tunani. Yawancin lokaci ana kuma gano kalmar tare da abubuwan da suka faru da kansu. Wadannan basirar sun hada da tunani, kwakwalwar ajiya, so, da jin dadi. Suna da alhakin abubuwa daban-daban na tunani, kamar fahimta, jin zafi, imani, sha'awar, niyya, da kuma motsin rai. An gabatar da rabe-rabe daban-daban na abubuwan mamaki na hankali. Bambance-bambance masu *mahimmanci* sun hada su gwargwadon ko suna da hankali, masu *tunani*, na *ganganci*. An fahimci hankali a al'adance azaman abubuwa amma ya fi zama ruwan dare a cikin hangen nesa na zamani don daukar su azaman kadarori ko iyawar mutane da manyan dabbobi. An gabatar da ma'anoni daban-daban masu gasa na ainihin yanayin  tunani. *Ma'anoni na Epistemic sun* mayar da hankali kan gatataccen damar ilmantarwa da batun ke da shi zuwa wadannan jihohi. *Hanyoyi na tushen hankali* suna ba da fifiko ga hankali  kuma suna ba da damar abubuwan da ba su sani ba a matsayin wani bangare na hankali kawai har sun tsaya daidai da alaka da hankali. Dangane da hanyoyin da *aka yi niyya*, ikon yin nuni ga abubuwa da wakiltar duniya shine alamar tunani. Don *halayyar hali*, ko mahaluki yana da hankali kawai ya dogara ne akan yadda yake aiki don mayar da martani ga abubuwan motsa jiki na waje yayin da *aikin* ya bayyana yanayin tunanin mutum dangane da rawar da suke takawa. Tambayoyi na  nazarin hankali, kamar ko wasu abubuwan ban da mutane suna da hankali ko yadda dangantakar jiki da tunani za a yi, suna da tasiri sosai ta hanyar zabin ma'anar mutum.

## Manazarta
Mafarki

**Mafarki** shine jerin hotuna, ra'ayoyi, motsin zuciya, da kuma abubuwan da ke faruwa ba da gangan ba a cikin tunani yayin wasu matakan barci.  Mutane suna shafe kimanin sa'o'i biyu suna yin mafarki a kowane dare,  kuma kowane mafarki yana ɗaukar kusan mintuna 5 zuwa ishirin 20, kodayake mai mafarkin na iya ganin mafarkin ya fi wannan tsayi. 

Abubuwan da ke cikin mafarkai da aikin mafarkai sun kasance batutuwan kimiyya, falsafa da sha'awar addini cikin tarihin da aka rubuta. Fassarar mafarki, waɗanda Babila suka yi a cikin ƙarni na uku KZ  har ma a baya ta tsohuwar Sumerians,   ƙididdiga masu mahimmanci a cikin rubutun addini a cikin labarai da yawa, kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ilimin halin dan '''Adam'''.   Nazarin kimiyya na mafarki ana kiransa oneirology.  Yawancin nazarin mafarki na zamani yana mai da hankali kan ilimin neurophysiology na mafarki da kuma kan ba da shawara, gwada hasashen game da aikin mafarki. Ba a san inda mafarkin kwakwalwa ya samo asali ba.Idan akwai asali guda daya don mafarki ko kuma yankuna da yawa na kwakwalwa suna da hannu, ko menene manufar mafarkin ga jiki ko tunani.

Kwarewar mafarkin ɗan adam da abin da za a yi da shi sun sami sauye-sauye masu yawa a tsawon tarihin tarihi.   Tun da dadewa, bisa ga rubuce-rubucen daga Mesopotamiya da tsohuwar Masar, mafarkai sun nuna halayen bayan mafarki har zuwa ƙarshen shekaru millennia. Waɗannan tsoffin rubuce-rubucen game da mafarkai suna haskaka mafarkin ziyara, inda wani mutum mai mafarkin, yawanci abin allahntaka ko manyan magabata, ya umurci mai mafarkin ya ɗauki takamaiman ayyuka kuma yana iya faɗin abubuwan da za su faru a nan gaba.    Ƙirƙirar ƙwarewar mafarki ya bambanta a cikin al'adu har ma da lokaci.

Mafarki da barci suna haɗuwa. Mafarki na faruwa ne musamman a matakin motsin ido (REM) na barci lokacin da aikin kwakwalwa ya yi yawa kuma yayi kama da na farke. Domin ana iya gano barcin REM a cikin nau'o'i da yawa, kuma saboda bincike ya nuna cewa duk dabbobi masu shayarwa suna samun REM,  haɗa mafarki da barci na REM ya haifar da zato cewa dabbobi suna mafarki. Duk da haka, mutane suna yin mafarki yayin barcin da ba REM ba, kuma ba duk farkawa na REM ba ne ke haifar da rahotannin mafarki.  Don yin nazari, dole ne a fara mayar da mafarki zuwa rahoto na magana, wanda shine lissafin abin tunawa da mafarkin, ba mafarkin abin da ya faru ba. Don haka, mafarkin wanda ba ɗan adam ba a halin yanzu ba shi da tabbas, kamar yadda mafarkin 'yan tayin ɗan adam da jariran da ba a taɓa magana ba.

## Manazarta
Haruffa

**Haruffa** ƙayyadaddun saiti ne na ainihin rubutun jadawali (wanda ake kira  su daharuffa ) waɗanda ke wakiltar (phonemes) a harshen turanci na wasu harsunan magana.  Ba duk tsarin rubutu ke wakiltar harshe ta wannan hanya ba; a cikin syllabary, kowane hali yana wakiltar harafi, kuma  tsarin bayanai yana amfani da haruffa don wakiltar kalmomi, morphemes, ko wasu raka'o'in  fassarar.  

Rubutun sauti na farko, rubutun Proto-Sinaitic, wanda daga baya aka sani da haruffan Phoenician, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin haruffan farko kuma shine kakan mafi yawan haruffan zamani, gami da Larabci, Cyrillic, Greek, Ibrananci, Latin, da yuwuwar Brahmic.   Ma'aikatan Semitic da bayi ne suka ƙirƙira shi a cikin Tsibirin Sinai (a matsayin rubutun Proto-Sinaitic), ta zaɓar ƙaramin adadin hiroglyphs da aka saba gani a kewayen Masarautar su don bayyana sautuna, sabanin  ma'anar harsunan Kan'aniyawa.   Duk da haka, Peter T. Daniels ya bambanta abugida, wani nau'i na graphemes wanda ke wakiltar haruffan consonants waɗanda masu zane-zane suka gyara don wakiltar wasulan (kamar a cikin Devanagari da sauran rubutun Kudancin Asiya), abjad, wanda haruffa yawanci ko keɓaɓɓen wakiltar consonants (kamar a cikin ainihin Phoenician, Ibrananci ko Larabci), da haruffa, saitin zane-zane waɗanda ke wakiltar baƙaƙe da wasula. A cikin wannan kunkuntar ma'anar kalmar, farkon haruffa na gaskiya shine haruffan Helenanci,   wanda ya dogara akan haruffan Phoenician na farko.

Daga cikin dimbin haruffan da ake amfani da su a yau, wanda ya fi shahara shi ne haruffan Latin  (wanda aka samo asali daga haruffan Girkanci), wanda yanzu harsuna da yawa ke amfani da su a duk duniya, galibi tare da ƙarin haruffa ko alamomin harshe.

Haruffa yawanci ana haɗa su da daidaitaccen tsari na haruffa. Wannan ya sa su zama masu amfani don haɗakarwa, musamman ta hanyar barin kalmomi a jera su cikin tsari na haruffa. Hakanan yana nufin cewa ana iya amfani da haruffan su azaman madadin hanyar "ƙidaya" abubuwan da aka ba da oda, a cikin mahallin kamar lissafin ƙididdiga da jeri na lamba. Duk da yake yawancin haruffa suna da haruffa da suka haɗa da layi, akwai kuma keɓancewa kamar haruffan da ake amfani da su a cikin Braille.

## Asalin kalma
Kalmar Ingilishi ta zo cikin Turanci ta Tsakiya daga kalmar Late Latin *haruffa*, *wanda* kuma ya samo asali daga Girkanci ἀλφάβητος (*alphabētos*), an yi shi daga haruffa biyu na farko, *alpha* (α) da *beta* (β).  Sunayen haruffan Helenanci sun fito ne daga haruffa biyu na farko na haruffan Phoenician; *aleph*, wanda kuma yana nufin *sa*, da *fare*, wanda kuma yana nufin gida. 

## Manazarta
Babban bangon Gorgan

**Babban bangon Gorgan** tsarin tsaro ne na zamanin Sasaniya wanda ke kusa da Gorgan na zamani a lardin Golestān na arewa maso gabashin Iran, a kusurwar kudu maso gabashin Tekun Caspian. Yammaci, Tekun Caspian, ƙarshen bangon yana kusa da ragowar katangar a:; ƙarshen bangon gabas, kusa da garin Pishkamar, yana kusa da ragowar katangar a:.  Haɗin taken shine don wurin da ragowar wata katangar tsakiyar hanya ke gefen bangon.

Katangar tana kusa da wani yanki mai nisa tsakanin tekun Caspian da tsaunukan arewa maso gabashin Iran. Yana daya daga cikin kofofin Caspian da yawa a gabashin yankin da aka sani da suna Hyrcania, akan hanyar makiyaya daga tsaunukan arewa zuwa tsakiyar kasar Iran. An yi imanin bangon ya kare daular Sassania a kudu daga mutane zuwa arewa,  mai yiwuwa White Huns. Duk da haka, a cikin littafinsa *Empires and Walls*, Chaichian (2014) yayi tambaya game da ingancin wannan fassarar ta amfani da shaidar tarihi na yiwuwar barazanar siyasa da soja a yankin da kuma yanayin tattalin arziki na Gorgan Wall ta kewaye. An kwatanta shi da "ɗaga cikin mafi girman buri da ƙaƙƙarfan bangon kan iyaka" da aka taɓa ginawa a cikin duniya,  kuma mafi mahimmancin katangar tsaro na Sassani.

Yana da  tsawo da  fadi,  da fasali sama da 30 katangar da aka ware a tsaka-tsakin tsakanin . An zarce shi ne kawai da tsarin bangon Babbar Ganuwar China a matsayin ginin yanki mafi tsayi kuma mafi tsayin katangar tsaro da ke wanzuwa.

## Suna
A cikin masu binciken kayan tarihi kuma ana kiran bangon da sunan "**Jan Maciji**" ( Turkmen: Qizil Alan) saboda launin tubalinsa. A cikin Farisa, ya shahara da sunan "**Alexander Barrier** " ( *Sadd-i-Iskandar*) ko kuma " **Katangar Iskandari** "kamar yadda ake tunanin Alexander the Great a wajen Musulmai na farko ya wuce ta Ƙofar Caspian a cikin gaggawar tafiyarsa zuwa Hyrcania da gabas. Hakanan ana kiranta da" **Anushirvan Barrier** " ( *Sadd-i Anushiravan*) da " **Firuz/Piruz Barrier** " ( ), kuma a hukumance ana kiranta da " **Gorgan Defence Wall** " (  ). An san shi da  ko  zuwa Turkmen na gida Iran.

## Manazarta
Majalisa ta 5 ta Najeriya

*Rubutun tsutsa*
**Majalissar dokoki ta 5 ta** Tarayyar Najeriya ita ce majalisa mai wakilai biyu da aka ƙaddamar a ranar 3 ga Yuni, 2003 kuma majalisar ta yi aiki har zuwa 5 ga Yuni, 2007.   Majalisar ta ƙunshi majalisar dattawa da ta wakilai . An zaɓi wakilai 360 a matsayin ɗan majalisar wakilai yayin da aka zaɓi wakilai 109 a matsayin mambobin majalisar dattijai, wanda ya zama mambobi 469 gaba daya a yankuna shida na geopolitical. 

## Mambobi

### Majalisar Dattawa

* Shugaban Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya Adolphus Wabara (PDP), har zuwa ranar 5 ga Afrilu, 2005 
** Ken Nnamani (PDP), daga Afrilu 5, 2005.

### Majalisar wakilai

* Kakakin Majalisa : Aminu Bello Masari (PDP)

## Shuwagabanni
Shugaban majalisar dattawa shi ne ke jagorantar majalisar dattawa, wato babbar majalisa yayin da shugaban majalisar ke jagorantar majalisar wakilai.   An zab6i Adolphus Wabara a matsayin shugaban majalisar dattijai a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar PDP sannan Aminu Bello Masari kakakin majalisar wakilai ya gaji Ghali Umar Na'Abba kakakin majalisa ta hudu .    

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Yanar Gizo na Majalisar Dokokin Najeriya Archived  
* Labaran Assemblyonline akan Majalisar Kasa 
* Musayar Bayanin Jama'a da Majalisa
Tashar Yobe

Tashar Yobe (余部駅, Yobe-eki) tashar jirgin kasa ce ta fasinja dake cikin birnin Himeji, lardin Hyōgo, Japan, wanda Kamfanin Railway na Yammacin Japan (JR West) ke gudanarwa.

## Layuka
Tashar Yobe tana da layin (wato Kishin Line), kuma tana da tazarar kilomita 6.1 daga iyakar layin a Himeji.

## Tsarin tasha
Tashar ta ƙunshi ginshiƙai guda biyu masu fuskantar juna waɗanda doguwar hanya ta ratsa ta tsakanin su. Ba a cika kula da tashar ba. 

## Tarihi
An bude tashar Yobe a ranar 1 ga watan Satumba, shekarar 1930. Tare da keɓantawar Layin Jirgin ƙasa na Japan (JNR) a ranar 1 ga watan Afrilu, shekarar 1987, tashar ta kasance ƙarƙashin ikon Kamfanin Railway na Yammacin Japan.

## Kididdigar fasinja
A cikin kasafin kuɗi na shekarar 2019, matsakaicin fasinjoji 2228 ne ke amfani da tashar kowace rana. 

## Wurin da ke kewaye

* Hyogo Prefectural University Himeji Shosha Campus
* Hyogo Prefectural Himeji Shikisai High School
* Sashen Jirgin Kasa na Himeji

## Duba kuma

* Jerin tashoshin jirgin kasa a Japan

## Manazarta
Yaren Miyobe

**Miyobe** ko **Soruba harshe** ne na Nijar da Kongo da Benin da Togo wanda ba a tantance shi ba.

Güldemann (2018) ya bayyana cewa ba za a iya rarrabe Miyobe cikin yarukan Gur ba, kuma ya bar shi a matsayin wanda ba a tantance shi ba a cikin Nijar da Congo ba. Ba kamar harsunan Gur ba, waɗanda suke SVO, Miyobe yana da tsarin kalma na SOV kamar harsunan Senufo, Mande, da Dogon. 

## Rarraba yanki
A Togo, ana magana da Miyobe a yankin Solla na yankin Binah.

A cikin Benin, ana magana da Miyobe a Sashen Atacora (Communes Boukoumbé da Kouandé) da Sashen Donga ( Copargo commune). Ƙauyen su ne Anandana, Kuhobè, Sétrah, Kantchoko (Kapatcharè), Tchomitchomi, Koubéné-Béné, Koutchamang, da ƙauyukan Moupémou.  

## Manazarta
Adeleke Akinyemi

**Adeleke Akinola Akinyemi** (an haife shi 11 ga Agusta 1998,) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya . 

## Sana'a

### Kulob

#### Serdarlı GB
A ranar 24 ga Janairu 2015, Akinyemi ya sanya hannu kan KTFF Süper Lig siden Serdarlı GB . Ya buga wasanni 13 a gasar, inda ya zura kwallaye, 10. A cikin duka, ya buga wasanni 17 kuma ya zura kwallaye 11 a ƙungiyar ta Cyprus a kakar 2014-15. 

#### Ventspils
A farkon watan Agustan 2018, Akinyemi ya tafi AWOL, wanda ya haifar da kulob ɗinsa, FK Ventspils ya cika rahoton mutanen da suka bace a cikin fargabar an sace ɗan wasan.  Akinyemi ya koma Ventspils kwanaki kaɗan, 13 ga watan Agusta, yana buga wasan da suka doke FK Liepāja a rana guda. 

#### Fara
A ranar, 16 ga Agusta 2018, IK Start ya sanar da sanya hannu kan Akinyemi, kan kwantiragin har zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2021, daga FK Ventspils .  Bayan ya zura kwallaye 3 a cikin kamfen na Start's 2018 wanda ya kare a relegation, a gasar 2019 1. divisjon mai buɗewa ya karya idon sa.  Ya daɗe yana jinya kuma ya kasa shiga cikin tawagar farko ta Start bayan haka. Tsohon dan wasan da ya fi zura kwallo a raga bai samu nasarar zura kwallo a raga ba a lokacin aro da ya baiwa Hamkam a shekarar 2020.  Bayan gudanar da gasar babu ci a cikin shekarar 2021,  Fara yanke shawarar sake shi bayan ƙarshen kakar shekarar 2021. 

## Ƙididdigar sana'a

### Kulob

## Nassoshi
Ben Murray-Bruce

**Benedict Murray-Bruce** OON (an haife shi 18 ga Fabrairu 1956) ɗan kasuwan Najeriya ne kuma ɗan siyasa . Shi ne wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar Silverbird. Ɗan jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party, an zaɓe shi a majalisar dattawan Najeriya a watan Maris 2015 inda ya wakilci gundumar Bayelsa ta Gabas, a jihar Bayelsa, Najeriya. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Ben Murray-Bruce a Legas, ga iyayen kabilar Ijaw Mullighan da Margaret Murray-Bruce wadanda dukkansu suka fito daga Akassa, jihar Bayelsa, Najeriya.  Sunan nasa na asalin Scotland ne. Ya halarci Our Lady of Apostles, Yaba, Lagos,  inda ya kammala karatunsa na firamare da Kwalejin St Gregory, Obalende inda ya samu takardar shedar makarantar Afirka ta Yamma kafin ya wuce Jami'ar South Carolina da ke Amurka, inda ya yi karatu. ya sami digiri na farko a fannin Talla a 1979. 

Ben Murray-Bruce ya auri Evelyn Murray-Bruce tsawon shekaru 41. A ranar 20 ga Maris, 2021, ya ba da sanarwar rasuwarta bayan yaƙe-yaƙenta da cutar kansa.   

## Sana'a

### Farkon farawa
Ben has served in various public positions. He served as Director-General of Nigerian Television Authority from 1999 to 2003. Prior to starting Silverbird Group, he promoted the Miss Universe Nigeria Pageant in 1983, Miss Intercontinental Pageant, 1986-1994 and to date, he promotes the annual Most Beautiful Girl in Nigeria Pageant which he began in 1986. He is currently a Member of the Board of National Arts Theatre, Nigerian Film Corporation, Federal Films Censors Board, National Film Distribution Company and Nigerian Anti- Piracy Action Committee.

### Nuna kasuwanci
A wata hira da ya yi da *Connect Nigeria*, Ben ya ce ya shiga harkar kasuwanci ne ta hanyar bazata. Sha'awar kasuwancinsa ya sa shi da matarsa suka kafa *Mujallar Silverbird* da ta daina aiki a 1980 tare da lamuni daga mahaifinsa. Daga baya Ben ya shiga tallata kide-kide. 

### Siyasa
A shekarar 2011 Ben Murray-Bruce ya tsaya takarar gwamnan jihar Bayelsa wanda bai yi nasara ba bayan an tantance shi daga takarar gwamna a ƙarƙashin inuwar jam’iyyar People’s Democratic Party .  A ranar 27 ga Oktoba, 2014, daga baya Ben ya bayyana aniyarsa ta wakiltar Bayelsa ta Gabas ta Sanata a Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa a ƙarƙashin inuwar jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party wanda ya ci zabe.  

### Maganar jama'a
Bruce ya yi magana a cikin al'amuran ƙasa da ƙasa da dama, a cikin Janairu 2018 ya raba dandalin tare da ƴan siyasa da shugabannin tunani a taron farko *na ƴan kasuwa na Amurka* a Tampa, Florida, mutane kamar; Sanata Mohammed Shaaba Lafiagi, Media pioneer Biodun Shobanjo, NSE shugaban NSE Abimbola Ogunbanjo, motivational speaker Fela Durotoye, tsohon gwamna Peter Obi da kuma Award-winning fasaha fasaha Ade Olufeko. 

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa

* "Showbiz Icon of the Year Award" (2005)
* ""Mafi Girma Goma" Kyautar 'Yan Kasuwar Najeriya" (2006)
* "Life Achiever Award" (2006)
* "Champion for National Building Award" (2007)
* "Kyakkyawan Kyautar Mutum" (2009)
* "Jami'in odar Nijar " (2014) 

## Manazarta


## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Ben Murray-Bruce's official website 
*
Ngalda River

**Kogin Ngalda kogi** ne wanda ke da tushensa a garin kasuwanci na al'ummar Ngalda, a karamar hukumar Fika ta jihar Yobe wanda kuma ya hade da kogin Ngaji mai nisan kilomita 40 daga arewa.   Ambaliyar ruwa ta 2022 daga kogin ta sa mutane sama da 1000 sun rasa matsuguni.  

## Manazarta
Rubutu

**Rubutu** hanya ce ta sadarwar ɗan adam wacce ta ƙunshi wakilcin harshe ta hanyar tsarin rubutu na zahiri, canja wurin inji, ko alamomin lambobi.

Tsarin rubuce-rubuce sun zama harsunan ɗan adam (tare da muhawara ban da harsunan kwamfuta); hanyoyi ne na fassara harshe zuwa wani nau'i wanda wasu mutane za su iya sake gina su ta lokaci da/ko sarari.   Duk da yake ba duka harsuna suke amfani da tsarin rubutu ba, waɗanda ke yin na iya haɗawa da haɓaka ƙarfin harshen magana ta hanyar ƙirƙirar nau'ikan harshe masu ɗorewa waɗanda za'a iya watsa su a sararin samaniya (misali rubutattun wasiƙun) da adana su cikin lokaci (misali ɗakin karatu ko wasu bayanan jama'a).  An kuma lura cewa aikin rubutun da kansa yana iya samun tasirin canza ilimi, tun da yake yana ba mutane damar fitar da tunaninsu a cikin nau'i mai sauƙin tunani, dalla-dalla, sake dubawa.   Tsarin rubuce-rubuce ya dogara da yawancin sifofin ma'ana guda ɗaya kamar harshen da yake wakilta, kamar ƙamus da rubutu, tare da ƙarin dogaro na tsarin alamomin da ke wakiltar wannan harshe da ilimin halittar jiki. Duk da haka, rubuce-rubucen harsunan da ake rubutawa na iya ɗaukar halayen da suka bambanta daga kowane yaren magana.  Sakamakon aikin rubutu ana kiransa *text,* kuma mai fassara ko kunna rubutu ana kiransa mai *karatu*.     

## Manazarta
Ahmed Zuruq

**Ahmed Baba Zuruq** (Oktoba 20, 1951), Ɗan *masanin Patigi*,  ɗan Najeriya ne daga tawagar Kwara North da aka zaɓa a 1999 zuwa 2003.  Shi mamba ne a Hukumar Tattara Kuɗaɗen shiga, Allocation da Fiscal Commission wanda Majalisar Dattawa ta tantance. 

## Ilimi
Yana da takardar shaidar kammala karatun difiloma a fannin gudanarwar kasuwanci daga Cibiyar Gudanarwa ta Burtaniya. 

## Siyasa
Zuruq ya jagoranci ƴan majalisa biyar a cikin tawagar majalisar wakilai daga jihar Kwara, mambobin sun haɗa da, Hon. Isa Bio, Rauf Shittu, Ruqayyah Gbemisola Saraki, Bashir Oni da Farouk Sarouk sun sauya sheƙa daga jam'iyyar *All Nigeria Peoples Party* zuwa jam'iyyar PDP mai mulki bisa bin umarnin Dr. Olusola Saraki, mahaifin Gbemisola Saraki da Bukola Saraki. 

## Manazarta
Nishaɗi

**Nishadi** aiki ne na hutu, nishadi shine zama lokacin da ya dace. "Bukatar yin wani abu don nishadi" muhimmin abu ne na ilimin halitta da ilimin halin dan Adam. Ayyukan nishadi galibi ana yin su ne don jin dadi, ko nishadi kuma ana daukar su a matsayin "nishadi".

## Asalin kalma
Kalmar *nishadi* ta bayyana kuma an yi amfani da ita a cikin kalmar Ingilishi da farko a karshen karni na 14, na farko a ma'anar "warkarwa ko warkar da mara lafiya",  kuma ta samo asali daga Latin (*sake*: "kirkira", *creare*: "to create bring forth, beget).

### Abubuwan da ake bukata don hutu
Mutane suna ciyar da lokacinsu akan ayyukan rayuwar yau da kullun, aiki, barci, ayyukan zamantakewa da hutu, lokacin qarshe yana da 'yanci daga alqawarin da suka rigaya zuwa ga ilimin lissafi ko bukatun zamantakewa,  wani sharadi na nishadi. Nishadi ya karu tare da kara tsawon rayuwa kuma, ga mutane da yawa, tare da raguwar sa'o'i da ake kashewa don rayuwa ta jiki da tattalin arziki, duk da haka wasu suna jayayya cewa matsa lamba na lokaci ya karu ga mutanen zamani, saboda suna da alhakin ayyuka masu yawa. Sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da karuwar rawar nishadi sune wadata, yanayin yawan jama'a, da hadaka tallace-tallace na abubuwan nishadi. Yayin da wani hasashe yake cewa nishadi “lokaci ne kawai”, lokacin da ba bukatun rayuwa ke cinyewa ba, wani kuma yana ganin cewa nishadi wani karfi ne da ke baiwa daidai damar yin la’akari da dabi’u da hakikanin da aka rasa a cikin ayyukan yau da kullun. don haka kasancewa muhimmin abu na ci gaban mutum da wayewa. Wannan alkiblar tunani har ma an mika shi ga ra'ayin cewa shakatawa shine manufar aiki , kuma lada a kanta, da "rayuwar jin dadi" tana nuna dabi'u da halayen al'umma. Ana daukar hutu a matsayin hakkin dan adam a karkashin sanarwar Hakkin Dan Adam na Duniya. 

## Manazarta
Ibrahim Bunu

**Ibrahim Bunu** ɗan Najeriya ne kuma ministan birnin tarayya Abuja a farkon jamhuriya ta huɗu ta Najeriya, yana rike da mukamin daga watan Mayun 1999 har zuwa Fabrairun 2001 a majalisar ministocin shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo . An maye gurbinsa da Injiniya Mohammed Abba Gana, wanda kuma dan jihar Borno, a wani sauyi da aka yi a majalisar ministoci a watan Fabrairun shekarar  2001.
## Tarihi

An haifi Bunu ne a ranar 25 ga Disamba 1950 a Ngala, Jihar Borno . A shekarar 1982 an nada shi ministan gidaje da muhalli.  Bunu ya kera Towers na Kamfanin Man Fetur na Najeriya (NNPC) dake babban birnin tarayya Abuja . 

A watan Afrilun 2008 ne Kwamitin Majalisar Dattawa mai kula da Babban Birnin Tarayya (FCT) ya gayyaci Bunu da wasu tsofaffin Ministocin Babban Birnin Tarayya Abuja domin su kare matakin da suka dauka dangane da rabon filaye da kwace da kuma sayar da gidajen Gwamnatin Tarayya a lokacin da suke mulki. 

A watan Maris na shekarar 2010 Shugaba Goodluck Jonathan ya kafa kwamitin tantance ayyukan gwamnatin tarayya karkashin jagorancin Bunu "domin tantancewa da bayar da bayanan da suka dace kan halin da ayyukan gwamnatin tarayya ke gudana a fadin kasar nan."  Nan take Bunu ya fuskanci matsin lamba kan ya bayyana yadda zai binciko “ayyukan da ke ci gaba da gudana” da aka fara a lokacin mulkinsa na babban birnin tarayya Abuja.

## Manazarta
Mr. P (mawaƙi)

**Peter Okoye** wanda aka fi sani da **Mr P** ko **P-square** (An haife shi ranar 18 ga watan Nuwamba, 1981). Ya kasance mawaki ne a Najeriya. Ya yi suna a shekarun 2000s a matsayin memba na P-Square duo, tare da ɗan'uwansa ba-tagwaye Rudeboy, kuma a cikin 2021 an ba shi digiri na girmamawa daga Jami'ar ESCAE a Jamhuriyar Benin.  

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Mista P da Rudeboy tagwaye ne, sun taso ne a babban iyali, a birnin Jos a jihar Plauteau, Najeriya. An haife shi a cikin dangin Josephine Okoye da Mazi Moses Okoye.  

Peter da ɗan'uwansa Paul sun shiga makarantar kiɗa da wasan kwaikwayo, inda suka fara rawa, rera waƙa da kuma kwaikwayon waƙoƙin, shahararrun mawaƙa Irin su; MC Hammer, Bobby Brown da Michael Jackson.

## Sana'a
A cikin 2017, ƙungiyar P-Square ta watse kuma membobin ƙungiyar biyu sun raba gari (sun rabu). Mista P ya fitar da kundin sa na farko (solo single) mai taken "For my Head", "Cool It Down" a shekarar 2017.

A cikin 2018 Mista P yayi haɗingwiwa da Nyanda na Brick & Lace, acikin wata waƙa mai suna "Wokie Wokie". A cikin 2021, Mista P ya kafa kamfanin waƙar sa mai suna (PClassic Label), kamfanin  rikodin ɗin nasa, ya rattaba hannu kan ɗan gwagwarmayar Najeriya da disc jockey DJ Switch kuma a cikin 2021, ya fitar da kundi na farko na 16 mai suna, *The Prodigal* wanda ya fito da mawaka irin su Tiwa. Savage, Simi, Teni, Wande Coal, Tamar Braxton, Singah, Mohombi, DJ Switch, da OvieKelz.

## Yarjejeniya

A ranar 16 ga Yuni, 2016, Mr P ya zama jakadan motar Kia. An kuma naɗa Mr. P a matsayin jakadan alama na madarar Olympic, wanda kamfanin (Nutricima Limited) ta samar. Peter ya kafa wani shiri mai suna *Dance with Peter* na Gidan talabijin ɗin reality TV show, wanda kamfanin Globacom Telecommunication Limited ke ɗaukar nauyin shirin. A cikin watan Agusta 2021, an bayyana shi a matsayin jakadan alama na Adidas, kamfanin masana'antu wanda ke hulɗa da takalma, tufafi da sauransu.

## Iyali
A ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 2013 ya yi aure, kuma auren ya gudana ne a cikin jirgin ruwa a Lekki, Lagos, Najeriya. Yana da ɗiya, mai suna Aliona 

## Manazarta
Idris Wada

**Idris Ichala Wada** (an haife shi 26 ga watan Agustan na shekara ta 1950). matuƙin jirgi ne kuma ɗan siyasa mai ritaya ɗan Najeriya. A ranar 9 ga watan Disamban shekara ta 2011, an zaɓe shi a matsayin gwamnan jihar Kogi na 3 , ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party. Sai dai Yahaya Bello ne ya gaji Idris a ranar 27 ga watan Janairun 2016 bayan ya sha kaye a zaɓen gwamnan jihar Kogi na shekara ta 2015. 

## Manazarta
Mancala

Wasan **mancala** dangi ne na wasan dabarun bi-da-biyu na tushen wasannin allo wanda aka yi da ƙananan duwatsu, wake, ko tsaba da layuka na ramuka  a cikin ƙasa, allo ko wani filin wasa. Makasudin mafi yawanci shine kama duk ko wasu saitin pieces na abokin hamayya.

Siffofin wasan sun koma a ƙarni na 3 kuma shaidu sun nuna cewa wasan ya wanzu a Masar ta dā. Yana daga cikin tsoffin wasannin da aka sani har yanzu ana yin su a ko'ina a yau.

## Sunaye da bambance-bambance

Sunan  rarrabuwa ne ko nau'in wasa, maimakon kowane takamaiman wasa. Wasu shahararrun wasannin mancala (game da yankin rarrabawa, adadin ƴan wasa da gasa, da wallafe-wallafe) sune:

* Ayoayo, wanda kabilar Yarbawa a Najeriya suka buga; daidai da Oware.
* Alemungula ko gebeta (Gebeta) –wanda aka buga a Sudan da Habasha.
* Ali Guli Mane ko Pallanguzhi-ya buga a Kudancin Indiya.
* Bao la Kiswahili-wanda aka yi wasa a galibin Gabashin Afirka ciki har da Kenya, Tanzania, Comoros, Malawi, da kuma wasu yankuna na DR Congo da Burundi. 
* Congklak (aka *congkak*, *congka*, *tjongklak*, *jongklak* )-wanda Malay ya buga a cikin tsibiri na Malay Mutanen Malay).
* Dakon (or  )-wanda aka buga a tsibirin Indonesiya (musamman a tsibirin Java).
* Gebeta (Tigrigna: geበጣ)-Habasha da Eritrea (musamman a Tigrai).
* Hoyito-an buga shi a Jamhuriyar Dominican.
* Igisoro-wanda aka buga a Rwanda.
* Kalah-Bambance-bambancen Arewacin Amurka, mafi mashahuri bambance-bambancen a yammacin duniya.
* Lamlameta-wanda aka buga a Habasha.
* Ô ăn quan-wanda aka buga a Vietnam.
* Ohvalhugondi-wanda aka buga a Maldives
* Omanu Guntalu (a Telugu)- wanda aka yi wasa a yankunan karkara na Telangana, Indiya.
* Opón ayò-a cikin Yarbawan Najeriya.
* Oware (*awalé, awélé, awari*)– Ashanti, amma ya buga ko'ina a duniya tare da bambance-bambancen da aka buga a yammacin Afirka (misali ayo by Yorubas da ishé ta Igalas) da kuma cikin Caribbean.   
* Pallanguzhi-wanda aka buga a Tamil Nadu, Indiya
* Sungka-Firist na Jesuit Uba José Sanchez ya fara bayyana shi a cikin ƙamus na harshen Bisaya (Cebuano) a cikin rubutun 1692 a matsayin *kunggit*. Uba José Sanchez wanda ya isa ƙasar Filifin a shekara ta 1643 ya rubuta cewa a wasan an yi wasan ne da igiyar ruwa a kan katako mai kama da jirgin ruwa. Har yanzu mutanen Aklanon suna kiran wasan *kunggit*.
* Toguz korgool ko Toguz kumalak-wanda aka buga a Kyrgyzstan da Kazakhstan.
* *Vwela*-mutanen nyemba (lucazi) ne suka buga tsakanin Kudancin Angola, Arewacin Gabashin Namibiya, da Zambia.

Sun bambanta da sauran nau'ikan mancala a cikin cewa an haɗa kantin sayar da mai kunnawa a cikin sanya tsaba. Nau'in da aka fi sani da shi yana da ramuka bakwai ga kowane ɗan wasa, ban da ramukan kantin kayan wasa. Wannan sigar tana da ƙa'idodi iri ɗaya a cikin kewayon sa. Amma akwai kuma bambance-bambance masu yawa tare da adadin ramuka da ka'idoji ta yanki. Wani lokaci ana iya kunna sigar fiye da ɗaya a wuri ɗaya. 

Ko da yake an san sunayen fiye da 800 na wasannin mancala na gargajiya, wasu sunayen suna nuna wasa iri ɗaya ne, yayin da wasu kuma ana amfani da su fiye da wasa ɗaya. Kusan sigar zamani 200 kuma an bayyana su.

## Manazarta
Yanayi

SEX*int* shine aikin saka idanu da / ko nunawa / ƙaddamar da abubuwan batsa na masu amfani da intanet a kokarin amfani da bayanan don zamba. Kalmar ta ƙunshi bayanan *jima'i* da aka samo a kan manufa ta sabis na leken asiri kuma Jennifer Granick, Darakta na 'Yancin Bil'adama a Cibiyar Intanet da Al'umma ta Stanford ce ta fara amfani da ita.

## Amfani da shi
An fara amfani da kalmar ne musamman dangane da aikin da memba na Five Eyes, Hukumar Tsaro ta Kasa ta Amurka. Ba a san yadda ake amfani da waɗannan shirye-shiryen da hanyoyin ba idan aka kwatanta da sauran shirye-shirye na Five Eyes kamar Optic Nerve (GCHQ), da XKEYSCORE.

Wani takardar NSA da aka ɓoye daga Oktoba 2012 ya gano mutane shida, duk Musulmai, waɗanda takardar ta kira "masu tsattsauran ra'ayi" kuma ta gabatar da su a matsayin masu yuwuwar wannan hanyar. Takardar ba ta zargi kowanne daga cikin manufofi shida na shiga cikin makircin ta'addanci ba, amma a maimakon haka ya bayyana cewa "NSA ta yi imanin cewa mutanen da aka yi niyya suna tsattsauran ra'ayi ta hanyar bayyana ra'ayoyin rikice-rikice ta hanyar YouTube, Facebook da sauran shafukan sada zumunta".

## Dubi kuma

* Wasikar kashe kansa ta FBI-King

## Manazarta
Olufemi David Olaleye

**Olufemi David Olaleye** farfesa ne a fannin ilimin virology dan Najeriya a jami'ar Ibadan. Ya kasance shugaban dakin gwaje-gwaje na Clinical Virology, wanda aka yi amfani da shi don yin gwajin COVID-19 yayin bala'in. Ya kasance darekta, Cibiyar mura ta WHO, Asibitin Kwalejin Jami'a, Ibadan.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Farfesa David Olaleye a ranar 21 ga Yuli, 1954 a cikin dangin Mista James da Mrs Esther Olaleye a Ogbomosho, Jihar Oyo, Najeriya.

Ya sami takardar shaidar kammala sakandare ta Afirka ta Yamma daga Ogbomoso High School, Ogbomoso a 1972. A 1975 ya samu, takardar shaidar lafiyar dabbobi daga Jami'ar Ife. Ya yi digiri a fannin likitancin dabbobi daga Jami'ar Ibdan a 1975, digiri na biyu da digiri na uku a 1985 da 1995 daga jami'a daya.

## Sana'a
Prof. David Olaleye started his career in University of Ibadan as a resident veterinary officer (pathology) in 1982. He became a lecturer in 1986 and rose through the ranks of senior lecturer in 1989 to a professor of virology in 1995. In 2006 he was appointed as dean of Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, he was also a four-time head of department, Department of Virology of the same institution kuma a cikin 2010 ya zama babban farfesa a Jami'ar Arewa maso yamma, Chicago, Illinois.

## Zumunci da zama memba
Olaleye ya kasance Fellow na Fogarty International Fellowship Programme, memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya na Afirka (FAAS) da Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Kimiyya ta Amirka (Sigma Xi).

## Mutuwa
Olaleye ya mutu a ranar Talata 27 ga Yuli 2021 bayan ya yi fama da rikice-rikicen COVID-19. An binne shi a makabartar Anglican, Ido, kan titin Eruwa a ranar 29 ga Yuli, 2021.

## Manazarta
Ibeno Beach

**Bakin Tekun Ibeno** na ɗaya daga cikin rairayin bakin teku dake gaɓar Tekun Atlantika gami da gaɓar Ibeno. Wurin ne bakin teku mafi tsayi a yammacin Afirka Kogin Qua Iboe shine babban wurin da ke bakin Tekun Ibeno. Tekun Ibeno ya kai kimanin kilomita 30 daga Ibeno zuwa garin James da ke gabar tekun Atlantika a jihar Akwa Ibom a kasar Najeriya. Wurinne mafi kyawun yawon buɗe ido na bakin ruwa a Jihar Akwa Ibom, Akwai yanayi mai kyau a ƙayataccen bakin tekun, ga masu zuwa yawon buɗe ido. Kama daga, wuraren; wasanni na ruwa, ƙwallon ƙafa na bakin teku da kuma hawan kwale-kwale.

## Wuri
Kogin Ibeno yana cikin ƙaramar hukumar Ibeno, jihar Akwa Ibom a kudu maso gabashin kasar Najeriya, wacce aka saka mata sunan kogin. Bakin tekun na ɗaya daga cikin wuraren yawon buɗe ido a Najeriya. A watan Yunin shekarar 2010, an sami rahoton malalar mai a bakin tekun. 

## Duba kuma

* Bar Beach, Lagos

## Manazarta
Toy (Abin Wasan Yara)

Abin **wasa** ko **wasa** abu ne da ake amfani da shi da farko don samar da nishaɗi. Misalai masu sauƙi sun haɗa da tubalan wasan yara, wasannin allo, da tsana. Sau da yawa ana tsara kayan wasan yara don amfani da su, kodayake yawancin an tsara su musamman don manya da dabbobi. Kayan wasan yara na iya ba da fa'idodi masu amfani, gami da motsa jiki, wayar da kan al'adu, ko ilimin ilimi. Bugu da ƙari, abubuwa masu amfani, musamman waɗanda ba a buƙata don ainihin manufarsu, ana iya amfani da su azaman kayan wasan yara. Misalai sun haɗa da yara gina katanga tare da kwalayen hatsi marasa komai da spools na takarda, ko ɗan ƙaramin yaro yana wasa da fashewar nesa ta TV. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da kalmar "abin wasa" don yin nuni ga abubuwan amfani da aka saya don jin daɗi maimakon buƙata, ko don buƙatu masu tsada waɗanda babban kaso na farashi ke wakiltar ikonsa na samar da jin daɗi ga mai shi, kamar motocin alatu, manyan. High-end motorcycle, kwamfutocin wasan caca, da wayoyi masu mahimmanci.

Yin wasa da kayan wasan yara na iya zama hanya mai daɗi ta horar da yara ƙanana don abubuwan rayuwa. Ana amfani da abubuwa daban-daban kamar itace, yumbu, takarda, da filastik don yin kayan wasan yara. Sabbin nau'ikan kayan wasan yara sun haɗa da nishaɗin dijital na mu'amala da kayan wasa masu wayo. Wasu kayan wasan yara ana kera su ne da farko azaman kayan tattarawa kuma an yi nufin nunawa kawai.

Asalin kayan wasan kwaikwayo prehistoric; tsana da ke wakiltar jarirai, dabbobi, da sojoji, da kuma wakilcin kayan aikin da manya ke amfani da su, ana samun su da sauri a wuraren binciken kayan tarihi. Ba a san asalin kalmar "abin wasa" ba, amma an yi imanin cewa an fara amfani da shi a karni na 14. Kayan wasan yara ana yin su ne don yara.  An yi tunanin cewa ɗan tsana mafi tsufa yana da shekaru 4,000. 

Yin wasa da kayan wasan yara muhimmin bangare ne na tsufa. Yara ƙanana suna amfani da kayan wasan yara don gano ainihin su, taimakawa tare da fahimi, koyan dalili da sakamako, bincika alaƙa, samun ƙarfi a jiki, da kuma yin ƙwarewar da ake buƙata yayin girma. Manya a wasu lokatai suna amfani da kayan wasan yara don ƙulla da ƙarfafa haɗin kai, koyarwa, taimako a fannin jiyya, da tunawa da ƙarfafa darussa daga ƙuruciyarsu.

## Manazarta
African Messiah

***African Messiah*** (*Masihu na Afirka*) fim ne na Najeriya na 2021 wanda Blessing Effiom Egbe ya ba da umarni kuma Okwilague Shamac Ibrahim ne ya shirya shi a karkashin kamfanin shirya fim na Greatiby Productions flick. Fim din ya kunshi fitattun jaruman barkwanci irin su Darlington Achakpo (Speed ​​Darlington), Temidayo Omoniyi (Zlatan), Nosa Afolabi (Lasisi elenu), Nadia Buari, Emeka Okoye, da Charles Okpocha.

## Takaitaccen bayani

Wani matashin dan takarar shugaban kasa ya so ya canza halin da kasar ke ciki amma juriyar da ya fuskanta ta yi karfi har ya yanke shawarar taka ta cikin kazanta.

## Farko
An kaddamar da fim din ne a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba, 2021 a Silverbird Galleria, Victoria Island, Legas kuma ya kasance a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, 2021.

## Yan wasan kwaikwayo
Nadia Buari, Speed ​​Darlington, Lasisi Elenu, Ik Ogbonna, Charles Okocha, Temidayo Omoniyi, Gbenga Titiloye, Chinyere Wilfred.

## Manazarta


## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt16088402/
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=African_Messiah&action=edit