Kizzmekia Corbett-Helaire

**Kizzmekia** " **Kizzy** " **Shanta Corbett-Helaire** ( *née* **Corbett**, an haife ta a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 1986)  ƙwararriyar masaniyar rigakafi ce a Amurka. Ita ce farfesa a fannin rigakafi da cututtuka masu yaduwa a Makarantar Lafiyar Jama'a ta Harvard TH Chan kuma Mataimakin Farfesa na Shutzer a Cibiyar Radcliffe ta Harvard tun daga watan Yunin 2021.   

Ta shiga Harvard bayan shekaru shida a Cibiyar Binciken Allurar Rigakafi (VRC) a Cibiyar Nazarin Cututtukan Allergy da Cututtuka Masu Yaɗuwa ta Ƙasa, Cibiyar Lafiya ta Ƙasa (NIAID NIH) da ke Bethesda, Maryland .   Ta sami digirin PhD a fannin ƙwayoyin cuta da ilimin rigakafi daga Jami'ar North Carolina da ke Chapel Hill (UNC-Chapel Hill) a shekarar 2014. 

An naɗa Corbett-Helaire a matsayin ƙwararren masanin kimiyya na VRC a shekarar 2014, kuma ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar digiri na biyu ne a ƙungiyar COVID-19 ta VRC,  tare da ƙoƙarin bincike da nufin alluran rigakafin COVID-19 .   A watan Fabrairun 2021, an nuna Corbettt-Helaire a cikin jerin "Time100 Next" ''na Time''  a ƙarƙashin rukunin *Masu ƙirƙira*, tare da bayanin martaba wanda Anthony Fauci ya rubuta. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Corbett-Helaire a Hurdle Mills, North Carolina a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 1986, ga Rhonda Brooks.  Ta girma a Hillsborough, North Carolina,  inda take da babban iyali na 'yan'uwa mata da 'yan'uwa maza da mata. 

Corbett-Helaire ta yi karatun firamare a makarantar firamare ta Oak Lane da ke Roxboro  da kuma makarantar sakandare ta AL Stanback da ke Hillsborough.   Malaminta na aji huɗu, Myrtis Bradsher, ta tuna yadda ta fahimci baiwar Corbettt-Helaire tun tana ƙarama kuma ta ƙarfafa mahaifiyar Kizzy ta sanya ta a cikin azuzuwan ci gaba. "Na yi tunanin za ta yi wani abu wata rana. Ta yi la'akari da i's kuma ta yi watsi da t's. Mafi kyau a cikin shekaru 30 da na yi ina koyarwa," in ji Bradsher a cikin wata hira da ta yi da *jaridar The Washington Post* a shekarar 2020. 

A shekara ta 2004, Corbett-Helaire ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Orange da ke Hillsborough, North Carolina.  A shekara ta 2008, Corbett-Helaire ta sami digirin BS a fannin kimiyyar halittu da zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), a matsayin ɗaliba a Shirin Masana na Meyerhoff .  Corbett-Helaire tana cikin ƙungiyar waɗanda suka kammala karatun UMBC kwanan nan (ciki har da Kaitlyn Sadtler ) waɗanda suka yi fice a fannin likitanci a lokacin annobar COVID-19.   A shekara ta 2014, Corbett-Helaire ta sami digirin PhD a fannin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta da ilimin rigakafi daga Jami'ar North Carolina da ke Chapel Hill . Don aikinta na digirin digirgir, Corbett-Helaire ta yi aiki a Sri Lanka don nazarin rawar da ƙwayoyin cuta na ɗan adam ke takawa wajen yaɗuwar ƙwayoyin cuta na dengue . 

## Sana'a
A lokacin da take makarantar sakandare, Corbett-Helaire ta fahimci cewa tana son yin aikin kimiyya, kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na wani shiri da ƙungiyar masana kimiyyar Amurka mai suna Project SEED ta ɗauki nauyinsa, ta yi hutun bazara tana aiki a dakunan gwaje-gwaje na bincike, ɗaya daga cikinsu yana aiki a dakin gwaje-gwaje na UNC's Kenan tare da masanin kimiyyar sinadarai na halitta James Morkin.    A shekara ta 2005, ta yi aikin koyon aikin bazara a Jami'ar Stony Brook a dakin gwaje-gwajen Gloria Viboud inda ta yi nazarin cutar Yersinia pseudotuberculosis . Daga 2006 zuwa 2007, ta yi aiki a matsayin ƙwararren ma'aikacin dakin gwaje-gwaje a dakin gwaje-gwajen Susan Dorsey a Makarantar Kula da Jinya ta Jami'ar Maryland . 

Bayan ta sami digirin farko, daga 2006 zuwa 2009, Corbett-Helaire ta kasance mai horar da kimiyyar halittu a Cibiyar Lafiya ta Ƙasa (NIH), inda ta yi aiki tare da Barney S. Graham . A NIH, Corbett-Helaire ta yi aiki kan cututtukan da ke haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta na numfashi da kuma wani aiki da ya mayar da hankali kan ci gaban dandamalin rigakafi na zamani. 

Daga 2009 zuwa 2014, Corbett-Helaire ta yi nazarin martanin ƙwayoyin cuta na ɗan adam ga ƙwayar cuta ta dengue a cikin yaran Sri Lanka a ƙarƙashin kulawar Aravinda de Silva a Jami'ar North Carolina da ke Chapel Hill (UNC-Chapel Hill).   Ta yi nazarin yadda mutane ke samar da ƙwayoyin cuta masu kariya daga zazzaɓin dengue, da kuma yadda kwayoyin halittar zazzaɓin dengue ke shafar tsananin cutar. Daga Afrilu zuwa Mayu 2014, a matsayin wani ɓangare na bincikenta na digirin digirgir, Corbettt-Helaire ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar ziyara a Cibiyar Bincike ta Genetech da ke Colombo, Sri Lanka . 

A watan Oktoban 2014, Corbett-Helaire ta zama jami'ar bincike da ke aiki a matsayin likitan rigakafi a NIH. Bincikenta yana da nufin gano hanyoyin da ke haifar da cutar kwayar cuta da kuma garkuwar jiki.  Ta mayar da hankali musamman kan samar da sabbin alluran rigakafi ga coronavirus .  Bincikenta na farko ya yi la'akari da ci gaban cutar Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) da kuma rigakafin cutar numfashi ta Gabas ta Tsakiya (MERS).   A wannan lokacin, ta gano wata hanya mai sauƙi ta yin furotin mai ƙarfi na coronavirus wanda aka daidaita a cikin yanayin da ke sa su zama masu garkuwar jiki da kuma waɗanda za a iya ƙera su, tare da haɗin gwiwar masu bincike a Cibiyar Bincike ta Scripps da Kwalejin Dartmouth. 

A watan Disamba na 2021, magajin garin Wu ya tura Corbett-Helaire zuwa kwamitin ba da shawara kan COVID-19 na Boston. 

### Samar da allurar rigakafin COVID-19
A farkon annobar COVID-19, Corbett-Helaire ta fara aiki kan allurar rigakafi don kare mutane daga cutar coronavirus .  Ganin cewa kwayar cutar tana kama da cutar coronavirus mai tsanani ta numfashi, ƙungiyar Corbett ta yi amfani da ilimin da ta gabata game da mafi kyawun sunadaran coronavirus don magance COVID-19.   Sunadaran S suna samar da "kambi" a saman coronaviruses kuma suna da mahimmanci don haɗakar masu karɓar ƙwayoyin halitta da fara haɗa membrane a cikin cutar coronavirus. Wannan ya sa su zama abin da ake nema musamman ga magungunan rigakafi da magunguna na coronavirus. Dangane da binciken da ta yi a baya, ƙungiyar Corbett-Helaire, tare da haɗin gwiwar Jason McLellan da sauran masu bincike a Jami'ar Texas da ke Austin,  ta dasa maye gurbi mai daidaita daga furotin SARS-CoV S zuwa furotin SARS-CoV-2.  Ta kasance ɓangare na ƙungiyar NIH waɗanda suka taimaka wajen warware tsarin microscopy na lantarki mai ban mamaki (CryoEM) na furotin SARS-CoV-2.  Binciken da ta yi a baya ya nuna cewa ana iya amfani da RNA (mRNA) mai suna S protein don ƙarfafa martanin garkuwar jiki don samar da rigakafi masu kariya daga cutar coronavirus a shekarar 2019.  

Don kera da gwada allurar rigakafin COVID-19, ƙungiyar Corbett-Helaire ta haɗu da Moderna, wani kamfanin fasahar kere-kere, don shiga cikin nazarin dabbobi cikin sauri. Daga baya, allurar ta shiga gwajin asibiti na Mataki na 1 kwanaki 66 kacal bayan an fitar da jerin ƙwayoyin cutar. Gwajin, wanda za a kammala a cikin aƙalla mutane 45, wani bincike ne na ƙara yawan allurai a cikin nau'in allurai biyu da aka raba cikin kwanaki 28.  A watan Disamba na 2020, Daraktan Cibiyar, Anthony Fauci ya ce: "Kizzy ƙwararriyar masaniyar kimiyyar Afirka-Amurka ce wacce ke kan gaba wajen haɓaka allurar."  A cikin bayanin Time, Fauci ya rubuta cewa Corbett-Helaire ta "kasance ginshiƙi ga haɓaka allurar rigakafin Moderna mRNA da kuma maganin rigakafi na Eli Lilly na maganin monoclonal waɗanda suka fara shiga gwaje-gwajen asibiti a Amurka" kuma "aikinta zai yi tasiri sosai wajen kawo ƙarshen mummunan annobar cutar numfashi a cikin sama da shekaru 100."  Aikin Corbett-Helaire ya ba ta damar kasancewa cikin ƙungiyar Cibiyoyin Lafiya na Ƙasa waɗanda suka sami Donald Trump a Cibiyar Bincike kan Allurar Rigakafi ta Dale da Betty Bumpers a watan Maris na 2020.     Lokacin da aka tambaye ta game da hannunta a cikin ƙirƙirar allurar rigakafin COVID-19, Corbett ta ce, "Ina rayuwa a wannan lokacin da nake da damar yin aiki a kan wani abu da ke da matuƙar muhimmanci a duniya… lokaci ne kawai na ban mamaki a gare ni".   Corbett ta ce ta yi kuka lokacin da sakamakon ingancin ya nuna cewa allurar rigakafin mRNA-1273 Moderna tana aiki. 

### Bayanin jama'a game da COVID-19
Corbett-Helaire ta yi kira ga jama'a da su yi taka tsantsan da girmama juna a lokacin annobar COVID-19, tana mai bayyana cewa wanke hannu akai-akai da kuma atishawa a gwiwar hannu na iya taimakawa wajen rage yaduwar cutar. Ta kuma jaddada cewa bai kamata mu nuna wa mutanen da suka fito daga yankunan da cutar ta fara ba kunya ba. 

Corbett-Helaire ta yi aiki don sake gina aminci tare da al'ummomin da ke shakkar allurar rigakafi kamar al'ummar Baƙar fata.    Misali, ta gabatar da ilimi game da ci gaban allurar rigakafin COVID-19 ga Baƙar fata Health Matters a watan Oktoba na 2020.   Kabilarta ta kasance abin da gwamnati ta mayar da hankali a kai; bayan wani bincike da NAACP da wasu suka fitar ya nuna cewa kashi 14% ne kawai na baƙar fata 'yan Amurka suka yi imanin cewa allurar rigakafin COVID-19 za ta kasance lafiya, Daraktan NIAID Fauci ya bayyana karara: "abu na farko da za ku so ku faɗa wa 'yan'uwana 'yan Afirka Amurkawa shi ne cewa allurar rigakafin da za ku sha ta samo asali ne daga wata mace 'yar Afirka Amurkawa." 

### Tweets masu rikitarwa
A watan Mayun 2020, jaridar Washington Post ta ruwaito cewa an binciki Corbett-Helaire kan sakonnin Twitter da ke nuna rashin bambancin ra'ayi a kan Rundunar Aiki ta Coronavirus ta Fadar White House, da kuma martanin da ta mayar kan wasu sakonnin Twitter game da bayanai da ke cewa 'yan Afirka na mutuwa sakamakon kwayar cutar. Da take mayar da martani ga wani sakon Twitter da wani ya yi ikirarin cewa kwayar cutar "hanya ce ta kawar da mu," Corbett-Helaire ta amsa: "Wasu sun yi nisa da kiranta kisan kare dangi. Ina roƙon na biyar." Mai masaukin baki a labaran Fox News Tucker Carlson ya karanta wasu sakonnin Corbett-Helaire a shirinsa, yana zarginta da "yin amfani da ka'idojin makircin mahaukata." Wani labarin Fox News ya ce ta "dauki salon magana mai ban mamaki da kuma makirci." Bayan takaddamar, Corbett ta rage amfani da shafukan sada zumunta kuma ta daina bayyana a talabijin. Farfesa Robert Bullard na Jami'ar Kudancin Texas kuma shugaban Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Ƙasa (ƙungiyar likitocin baƙar fata) Oliver Brooks ya kare Corbett-Helaire gaba ɗaya, kodayake Brooks ta nuna damuwa game da rubutunta na Twitter kan kisan kare dangi, tana mai cewa "Wannan ra'ayi ne na ra'ayi. Ba zan so in je can ba. Gaskiya ban yarda da hakan ba. Muna mutuwa da ƙari amma ... wannan bai dace ba.".

## Shawara ga Baƙar fata a fannin kimiyya
Corbett-Helaire ya soki rashin alaƙar kimiyya da al'umma, musamman ma Baƙar fata: 

Ta yi imanin cewa yana da muhimmanci a riƙe asalin mutum yayin aiki a kimiyya da kuma a fannin ilimi: "Tsayar da waɗannan alamomin al'adu a fili - yin wasa da Jeezy a dakin gwaje-gwaje, sanya kitso a lokacin hirarrakin PhD, kamar yadda Corbett-Helaire ta tuna - hanya ce ta nuna cewa baƙar fata da al'adun baƙar fata sun dace da fannin ilimi. 'Muna buƙatar zama kanmu kuma mu bar cibiyoyi su tsara yadda muke'". 

## Sabis na ilimi
Corbett-Helaire tana raba bayanai a shafin Twitter kuma tana shiga cikin shirye-shirye don zaburar da matasa a cikin al'ummomin da ba su da isasshen tallafi. 

## Daraja

* Ƙungiyar girmamawa ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Frank Porter Graham 
* 2002–2004: Ƙungiyar Sinadaran Amurka, Aikin SEED a UNC-Chapel Hill  
* 2006: Cibiyar Lafiya ta Ƙasa, Kwalejin Ilimi ta NIH 
* Jami'ar Maryland, Gundumar Baltimore, Meyerhoff Scholar 
* 2013: Kyautar Tafiya ta Taron Cibiyar Bincike ta Dengue ta Third Pan American 
* 2020: Wanda ya karɓi kyautar Golden Goose tare da Barney Graham, Emmie de Wit da Vincent Munster saboda ƙwarewa a bincike da gwamnatin tarayya ta ba da tallafi 
* 2021: Mujallar Time ta haskaka a cikin jerin "Time100 Next" na 2021, a ƙarƙashin rukunin *Masu ƙirƙira* 
* Domin girmama aikinta kan allurar riga-kafi, Orange County, North Carolina ta sanya wa ranar 12 ga Janairu, 2021 suna "Ranar Dr. Kizzy Corbett".  
* 2022: An karrama ta ƙasa, USA TODAY 's Women of the Year 
* 2023: Kyautar AAAS ta Farko don Hulɗar Jama'a da Kimiyya 
* 2023: An zaɓe shi a matsayin ƙwararren Malaman Hrabowski na Freeman ta Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Howard Hughes 
* 2024: Ya sami kyautar Hans Sigrist daga Jami'ar Bern 

## Zaɓaɓɓun ayyuka da wallafe-wallafe

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## Manazarta