Mohamed Boudiaf

**Mohamed Boudiaf** (23 Yuni 1919 &#x2013; 29 Yuni 1992, Arabic    ALA-LC: *Muḥammad Bū-Ḍiyāf*, wanda kuma ake kira **Si Tayeb el Watani**, ɗan siyasan Aljeriya ne kuma ɗan kishin ƙasa, kuma ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar 'yantar da 'yancin kai ta ƙasar Aljeriya (FLN) wadda ta jagoranci Yaƙin 'Yancin Aljeriya. (&#x2013; . Boudiaf dai ya yi gudun hijira ne jim kaɗan bayan samun ‘yancin kai a ƙasar Aljeriya kuma bai koma ƙasar Aljeriya tsawon shekaru 27 ba. Ya dawo a shekarar 1992 don karɓar muƙamin da aka naɗa shi na Shugaban Majalisar Dokokin Jihar, amma bayan watanni huɗu aka kashe shi.

## Shekarun farko
An haifi Mohamed Boudiaf a Ouled Madhi (yanzu a Lardin M'Sila), Aljeriya ta Faransa, ga wani dangi na tsohon shugabanni wanda ya rasa matsayinsa da tasiri a lokacin mulkin mallaka. Iliminsa ya gajarta bayan kammala karatun firamare saboda rashin lafiya (cutar tarin fuka) da ƙaruwar fafutukarsa a harkar kishin ƙasa. Memba na jam'iyyar kishin ƙasa Parti du Peuple Algérien (PPA) na Messali Hadj, daga baya ya shiga kungiyar magajin MTLD da reshen sa na sirri na sirri, *Organization Spéciale* (OS). Boudiaf shi ne ke da alhakin tsara hanyar sadarwa ta OS a yankin Sétif, adana makamai, tattara kuɗaɗe da kuma shirya dakarun sa-kai. Hukumomin Faransa sun yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 10 a gidan *yari*, amma ya kaucewa kama shi.&#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

Lokacin da Messali ya yanke shawarar narkar da OS, abokan hamayyarsa haɗe da jiga-jigan dabarun gwagwarmaya don kafa [[Kwamitin Juyin Juya Halin da Ayyuka|CRUA]], wani kwamiti mai fashe da aka tsara don shinfiɗa tushen yakin juyin juya hali. Boudiaf na cikin su, bayan da ya samu saɓani da Messali, wanda ya zarge shi da son zuciya. Kishiya ta CRUA - PPA/MTLD tayi sauri zuwa tashin hankali, kuma za ta ci gaba a lokacin Yaƙin Aljeriya har sai an lalata PPA/MTLD (sannan aka sake tsara shi azaman Mouvement National Algérien, MNA). A cikin watan Yulin 1954, Boudiaf mai haɗin gwiwar CRUA ya tsira daga yunƙurin kisa da tsoffin abokan aikin sa suka yi, suka ji rauni kuma aka bar su har lahira a kan titin [[Aljir|Algiers]].

== Yakin 'Yancin Aljeriya ==
Kungiyar CRUA ta sake fitowa a matsayin Front de Libération Nationale, ko FLN, wacce ta fara tayar da ƙayar baya a [[Faransa|ƙasar Faransa]] a ranar 1 ga watan Nuwamba, 1954. Boudiaf ya kasance babban jigo a wannan lokacin, kuma ya fito a matsayin muhimmin memba na shugabannin da ke gudun hijira da ke aiki daga [[Kairo|birnin Alkahira]] da kuma ƙasashen da ke makwabtaka da Aljeriya. A cikin shekarar 1956, an kama shi tare da [[Ahmed Ben Bella]] da wasu shugabannin FLN da yawa a cikin wani jirgin ruwa mai cike da cece-kuce da sojojin Faransa suka yi, kuma aka tsare shi a Faransa. Yayin da yake fursuna, an zaɓe shi a matsayin minista a cikin gwamnatin FLN na gudun hijira, GPRA, a lokacin ƙirƙirar ta a shekara ta 1958, kuma an sake zaɓe shi a 1960 da 1961. Bugu da ƙari, an naɗa shi ɗaya daga cikin mataimakan shugaban ƙasa.  Ba a sake shi ba sai nan da nan kafin samun 'yancin kai a Aljeriya a shekara ta 1962, bayan wani mummunan yakin shekaru takwas da ya yi sanadiyar rayuka tsakanin 350,000 zuwa miliyan 1.5.

== Bayan 'yancin kai: adawa da gudun hijira ==
A kan 'yancin kai, rikici na cikin gida ya mamaye FLN, wanda ya rabu zuwa ƙungiyoyi masu gaba da juna yayin da sojojin Faransa suka janye. Hadin gwiwar soja da siyasa tsakanin Col. Houari Boumédiène na Armée de Libération Nationale (ALN) da [[Ahmed Ben Bella]], na shugabancin da aka yi gudun hijira, sun rushe abokan hamayyarsu tare da kafa kasa mai jam'iyya ɗaya a karkashin shugabancin Ben Bella.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

Boudiaf da ke ƙara zama saniyar ware ya nuna rashin amincewa da waɗannan abubuwan da ke faruwa, kuma ya kafa jam'iyyar adawa ta sirri, PRS, wacce ta ɗan yi tawaye ga gwamnatin jam'iyyar FLN. An tilastawa Boudiaf gudun hijira, kuma ya zauna a makwabciyar ƙasar Maroko. Bayan juyin mulkin Kanar Boumédiène a shekara ta 1965, Boudiaf ya ci gaba da zama a cikin 'yan adawa, kamar yadda ya yi a ƙarƙashin magajinsa, Colonel Chadli Bendjedid (a kan mulki 1979-92). Ƙungiyarsa ta PRS ta ci gaba da taka rawa wajen adawa da gwamnati, amma bisa ga dukkan alamu Boudiaf ya daina kasancewa mai karfi a siyasar ƙasar Aljeriya tun da wuri bayan gudun hijira.&#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

== Komawa a matsayin shugaba ==
A watan Fabrairun 1992, bayan gudun hijira na shekaru 27 a Kenitra, mai tazarar kilomita 15 daga arewacin [[Rabat]] babban birnin [[Moroko|Maroko]], sojoji sun gayyace shi ya koma ya zama shugaban majalisar koli ta ƙasa  (HCE) ta Aljeriya, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta gwamnatin mulkin soja, bayan soke sakamakon zaɓen (duba yakin basasar Algeria). Da sauri ya karɓa, nan take aka sa hannu a cikin gidan. A bainar jama'a, an gabatar da shi a matsayin shugaban da aka yi gudun hijira na tsawon lokaci mai tsawo don a gurɓata shi da tashe-tashen hankula da cin hanci da rashawa na siyasar cikin gidan Aljeriya bayan juyin juya hali, amma abin da ya rage shi ne rashin saninsa ga mafi yawan al'ummar Aljeriya. To sai dai kuma kiran da ya yi na yin garambawul da kuma kawo karshen mamayar siyasar da sojoji suka yi ya sanya fata, kuma cikin sauri ya samu farin jini, ko da kuwa da yawa suna alakanta shi da kungiyar sojan da ta yi mulkin Aljeriya da sunan sa.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

Ko a matsayinsa na shugaban ƙasa, Boudiaf ya dogara kacokan ga sojojin da suka kawo shi kan ƙaragar mulki, kuma sojoji da jami'an tsaro sun kayyade ikonsa. Bugu da ƙari, ƙasar ta ci gaba da yin tuggu zuwa yakin basasa, tare da karuwar tashe-tashen hankula na Islama a yankunan da ke kewaye da Algiers da kuma matakan da suka dace na yaki da soji da ke kara ta'azzara lamarin. Yanayin siyasa ya kasance cikin ruɗani, tattalin arziki ya taɓarɓare, kuma Boudiaf da alama ya ƙasa aiwatar da gyare-gyaren da ya yi alkawari yadda ya kamata.&#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

== Kisa ==
A ranar 29 ga watan Yunin 1992, wa'adin Boudiaf a matsayin shugaban HCE ya gajarce, lokacin da wani mai gadi ya kashe shi a lokacin da yake jawabi a gidan talabijin a buɗe wata cibiyar al'adu a [[Annaba]], a ziyararsa ta farko a wajen Algiers a matsayin shugaban ƙasa. Kisan ya haifar da firgici sosai a Aljeriya, kuma ya kasance wani lokaci mai matukar muhimmanci a tarihin ƙasar. Shi kansa Boudiaf ya samu gagarumin matsayi a fagen siyasa bayan rasuwarsa, kuma a yanzu haka dai masu sharhi kan al'amuran siyasa da dama na kiransa da cewa shahidi ne ga ƙasar Aljeriya, inda da dama suka ce zai iya zama mai ceto ƙasar.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

An ce wanda ya yi kisan, Laftanar Lambarek Boumaarafi, ya yi aiki ne a matsayin ɗan bindiga shi kaɗai saboda tausayinsa na Islama. An yanke masa hukuncin kisa a wata shari’a da aka rufe a shekarar 1995, amma ba a aiwatar da hukuncin ba. Kisan ya kasance yana fuskantar gagarumin cece-kuce da kuma babban abin da ya shafi ka'idojin makircin Aljeriya, tare da mutane da yawa suna nuna cewa an kashe Boudiaf da gaske ne ta hanyar kafa sojan da ke da alhakin juyin mulkin (da kuma na sa a matsayin shugaban HCE). Waɗannan ra'ayoyin sun ta'allaka ne kan gaskiyar cewa kwanan nan Boudiaf ya kaddamar da wani yunkuri na yaki da cin hanci da rashawa na gwamnatin Aljeriya,  kuma ya kori wasu manyan jami'an soji daga muƙamansu.&#x5B; ** &#x5D;

Boudiaf ya rasu ya bar matarsa Fatiha. Ta ci gaba da dagewa kan cewa ba a binciki mutuwarsa yadda ya kamata.

## Girmamawa

### Girmama ƙasa

*  Grand Master na National Order of Merit

## Duba kuma

* Sanarwa na 1 Nuwamba 1954

## Manazarta