open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Gidan kayan wasa (Brussels)

**Gidan kayan gargajiya na Toy** ( French   ; Dutch   ) wani gidan tarihi ne na kayan wasa da wasanni a Brussels, Belgium. An buɗe shi a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba, 1990. Iyalan masu sha'awar kayan wasan yara ne suka tattara tarin kayan wasan kuma ya girma ta hanyar gudummawar jama'a da kuma sayayya. 

Gidan tarihin yana cikin wani tsohon gidan sarauta mai ɗauke da 1,000 square metres (11,000 sq ft) na sararin baje kolin a benaye uku, wanda ke lamba 24, rue de l'Association / Verenigingstraat, a Birnin Brussels . Yana da kayan wasan tarihi sama da 25,000, galibi daga shekarun 1950 zuwa 1980, tare da mafi tsufa tun daga 1830. [1] [2] [3] André Raemdonck ne ke mallakarsa kuma ke sarrafa shi. [4]

## Duba kuma

* Jerin gidajen tarihi a Brussels
* Tarihin Brussels
* Al'adun Belgium

## Manazarta
HMAS Westralia (O 195)

**HMAS ''Westralia'' (O 195)** wani jirgin ruwa ne mai gyaran  wanda aka gyara wanda ke aiki tare da Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Royal Australian (RAN) daga 1989 zuwa 2006. A da, ita ce **RFA ''Appleleaf'' (A79)**, ta yi aiki tare da Kariyar Jiragen Ruwa ta Burtaniya (RFA) daga 1975 zuwa 1989. Da farko an yi hayar jirgin ga RAN, sannan aka saya shi kai tsaye a 1994. A shekarar 1998, gobara ta tashi a cikin jirgin wanda ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwar ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa guda hudu. An dakatar da aikin *Westralia* a 2006, kuma an sayar da jirgin ga farar hula don amfani da shi a matsayin jirgin ruwa mai adanawa da sauke kaya, a ƙarƙashin sunan ***Shiraz*** . Duk da haka, an ajiye jirgin a Indonesia har zuwa ƙarshen 2009, lokacin da aka sayar da shi ga wani kamfanin fasa jiragen ruwa na Turkiyya. Da ya isa a watan Janairun 2010, an lalata jirgin.

## Zane da gini
Jirgin ruwan ya cika da nauyin tan 40,870, tsawonsa 171 metres (561 ft 0 in), katako mai tsawon 26 metres (85 ft 4 in), da kuma matsakaicin iskar da za ta iya zagayawa 12.03 metres (39 ft 6 in) . [1] [2] Injinan turawa sun ƙunshi injunan dizal guda biyu na SEMT Pielstick 14 PC2-2 V400, suna samar da injin turawa guda ɗaya mai 14,000 brake horsepower (10,000 kW) . [2] Matsakaicin gudu shine 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph) . [2] Kamfanin jirgin ya ƙunshi ma'aikata har zuwa 96. [2] An tsara jirgin don ya cika jiragen ruwa biyu abeam (ɗaya a kowane gefe), ko kuma ɗaya bayan gaba. [2] An ɗauki har zuwa tan 25,000 na mai, gami da man jirgin sama.

Kamfanin Cammell Laird ne ya fara gina jirgin a matsayin *Hudson Cavalier*, ɗaya daga cikin manyan jiragen ruwa guda huɗu na STAT 32 da John Hudson Fuel and Shipping ya umarta.  An kwantar da ita a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Birkenhead a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba, 1973.  Bayan an fara gina jiragen ruwa uku daga cikin huɗu, John Hudson ya ga ba zai iya biyan kuɗinsu ba.  Cammell Laird ya kammala jigilar jiragen ruwa uku, inda *Hudson Cavalier* ya ƙaddamar da su a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 1975, kuma bayan an kammala gwaje-gwajen teku, an ajiye dukkan jiragen uku a tashar jiragen ruwa yayin da mai ginin jirgin ke neman hayar ko sayar da su.  A ranar 27 ga Oktoba, 1978, Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta nuna sha'awar hayar jiragen ruwa biyu, kuma bayan an canza su don amfani da su a matsayin jirgin ruwa mai cike da kaya, *Hudson Cavalier* ya fara aiki da RFA a ranar 8 ga Yuni, 1979 a matsayin RFA *Appleleaf* .  An sayi jirgin a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar shekaru goma ta jirgin ruwa mara ruwa . 

## Tarihin aiki

### ''Appleleaf''
A lokacin Yaƙin Falklands a shekarar 1982, *Appleleaf* tana ɗaya daga cikin jiragen ruwan Leaf class waɗanda suka shiga cikin samar da kayan aikin da aka tura zuwa kudu don sake kwace tsibiran.  Daga baya jirgin ruwan ya sami lambar yabo ta yaƙi "Falkland Islands 1982" saboda shigarta cikin rikicin. 

A watan Disamba na shekarar 1983, yayin da yake ziyara a New Zealand, an tuhumi wani ma'aikacin kamfanin jirgin da laifin kashe wata mata da kuma raunata wasu uku a wani hatsarin da aka yi da barasa.
Westra

Westra sunan mahaifi ne mai suna toponymic wanda asalinsa ya fito daga Yammacin Frisian, wanda ke nufin "daga Yamma". [1] Mutanen da ke da sunan sun haɗa da:

* Ans Westra (1936–2023), mai ɗaukar hoto ɗan ƙasar Holland wanda aka haifa a New Zealand
* Berry Westra (an haife shi a shekara ta 1961), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar Holland
* Lieuwe Westra (1982 – 2023), ɗan tseren keke na ƙasar Holland
* Steven Westra (an haife shi a shekarar 1969), ɗan siyasan Amurka daga South Dakota
* Willem Westra van Holthe (an haife shi a shekara ta 1948), ɗan siyasan Ostiraliya ɗan ƙasar New Zealand
* Willy Westra van Holthe (1888-1965), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Holland

## Duba kuma

* Westray, ɗaya daga cikin tsibiran Orkney
* , ƙwaro mai cutarwa na dangin Pteromalidae
* Burgh Westra, gidan tarihi na Jihar Virginia, an sanya masa suna bayan kalmar Scotland ta "Ƙauyen Yamma"
* FPV Westra, tsohon jirgin ruwan sintiri na Scotland, yanzu *MY Steve Irwin*, babban kamfanin kare lafiyar makiyayi na Sea Shepherd
* Westra Wermlands Sparbank, bankin ajiyar Sweden
Ivan Duichev

**Ivan Simeonov Duichev** ( Bulgarian   ; 1 ga Mayu, 1907, Sofia - 24 ga Afrilu, 1986, Sofia) masanin tarihi ne kuma masanin tarihin halittu na Bulgaria wanda ya mai da hankali kan tarihin tsakiyar Bulgaria da Byzantine.  A tsawon rayuwarsa ta kimiyya da bincike, ya bi ƙa'idodin malaminsa Vasil Zlatarski cewa tarihin Bulgaria yana da alaƙa ba tare da rabuwa ba kuma ba za a iya fahimta ba tare da tarihin Byzantine ba.

Ya ƙware kuma ya kare digirin digirgir a Jami'ar Rome kan batun " daular Asen a Byzantium ". Ya kammala karatunsa a Makarantar Fasaha ta Vatican, Diplomatics da kuma Gudanar da Taskar Tarihi. Waliyin Cardinal Angelo Mercati, Archbishop na Taskar Apostolic na Vatican, shine mai kula da kuma mai ba da shawara. 

Bayan yaƙin Balkan, ya yi aiki a ƙasar Macedonia. Mai fassara hedikwatar Italiya da Ofishin Kwamanda a Girka a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu . A shekarar 1945, don ilmantar da kuma tallata yaƙin don tallafawa ' yan Bulgarian na Macedonia, sabbin hukumomin Girka sun haɗa da Ivan Duychev a cikin jerin sojojin Bulgaria, Italiya, da Jamus da sauran mutane da za a yi musu shari'a a Athens a matsayin masu aikata laifukan yaƙi. Ana zargin Duichev musamman da "sata da kuma cire dabi'un al'adun Girka daga Girka zuwa Bulgaria", kamar fassarar hukumomin Girka game da gadon al'adun Bulgaria a yankin Girka, musamman a Aegean Macedonia, wanda Duichev ya cece daga ganima. wani ɓangare na 'yan adawar Girka masu adawa da Bulgaria. [1]

## Manazarta
Gidan Tarihi na Kayan Kayan Kyakkyawan Abincin

**Gidan Tarihi na Top Fast-Food Toy Collections** gidan tarihi ne na kayan wasa na sirri a Alor Setar, Malaysia, wanda aka keɓe don tattarawa da nuna abubuwan tunawa daga McDonald's, gami da kayan wasan Happy Meal amma har da kayan aikin ma'aikata, alamu, menus, marufi, da sauran abubuwa. Ya zuwa shekarar 2025, gidan kayan tarihin ya ƙunshi abubuwa sama da 80,000.

## Tarihi
An gabatar da Lee Choon Chiek ga tattarawa a shekarar 1978, lokacin yana da shekaru 17 kuma abokansa sun tattauna tarin kayansu. Lee ya halarci bikin bude gidan cin abinci na McDonald's na farko a Malaysia a Kuala Lumpur a shekarar 1982, kuma ya sami wani abin tunawa da fensir na ƙarfe, wanda hakan ya ba shi kwarin gwiwa ya fara tattara kayan tarihi na abinci mai sauri. Ya faɗaɗa tarin kayansa da wasu kayayyaki daga KFC har zuwa 1990, lokacin da aka buɗe wurin McDonald's a Alor Setar, a lokacin ne ya mayar da hankali kan kayan tarihi na McDonald's. Lee ya fara siyan kayan wasan yara na Happy Meal daga Malaysia da kuma daga ƙasashen waje, kuma abokansa da iyalansa sun taimaka masa ya sayi kayan ƙasashen waje lokacin da suka yi tafiya zuwa wasu ƙasashe. 

A shekarar 2021, ɗan Lee, Jian Wen, yana da ra'ayin mayar da tarin kayan tarihi zuwa gidan tarihi. Gidan tarihin ya shahara a shafukan sada zumunta a shekarar 2022, wanda hakan ya ƙara yawan ziyara. Tun daga shekarar 2022, gidan tarihin ya kasance wurin da ake tafiye-tafiyen makarantu kuma yawancin masu yawon buɗe ido kan yi ta zuwa Thailand. Lee ya sami tayin siyan kayan tarihinsa, amma ya ƙi, domin ya ce tarin ya fi dacewa da jin daɗinsa fiye da saka hannun jari na kuɗi. Ya bayyana cewa ba shi da sha'awar kimanta tarin. [1]

## Manazarta
Walter Marichal

Walter Marichal (18 Afrilu 1935 – 31 Yuli 2017) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Uruguay. Ya buga wasanni uku a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Uruguay daga 1957 zuwa 1958. [1] Ya kuma kasance cikin tawagar Uruguay a gasar cin kofin Kudancin Amurka ta 1957.
Mirish

**Mirisch** ko **Mirić** sunan mahaifi ne na Yahudawa wanda asalinsa Sephardic ne. Iyalan (Rabbi David Marich ɗan kasuwa kuma likita kuma ɗan kasuwa Don Abraham Marich) an tabbatar da su a Ferrara bayan Korar 1492. Bayan ƙaura da Yahudawan Sephardic zuwa yankin Balkan mai faɗi, Marich sun zauna a Banja Luka daga baya suka ƙaura zuwa Sarajevo. Bayan mulkin Ottoman, 'yan uwa sun ƙaura zuwa Gabas zuwa Serbia (inda suka daidaita sunansu zuwa Mirić wanda mahimmancin yankin ya zama 'zaman lafiya') sannan suka ƙara zuwa Arewa zuwa Poland inda ɗaruruwan Mirisch za su mutu a lokacin kisan kiyashin.

Mutane masu daraja da sunan mahaifi sun haɗa da:

* Harold Mirisch (1907–1968)
* Marvin Mirisch (1918–2002)
* Walter Mirisch (1921–2023), mai shirya fina-finai na Amurka

## Duba kuma

* Kamfanin Mirisch, kamfanin shirya fina-finai
* Fina-finan Mirisch
* Mirischia
Walter Hirsch

**Walter E. Hirsch** (15 ga Yuli, 1929 A ranar 10 ga Mayu, 2022) ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando ne na kwaleji na Amurka. An san shi da lashe gasar NCAA guda uku a Jami'ar Kentucky, da kuma kasancewa babban jigo a cikin badakalar aski da ta shafi ƙwallon kwando ta kwaleji ta Amurka a shekarun 1950.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Hirsch a Dayton, Ohio,   a ranar 15 ga Yuli, 1929.  Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Northridge a garinsu,  inda ya sami lambar yabo ta All-Ohio,  kuma yana cikin ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta makarantar da ta lashe gasar jihar Class B a shekarar 1945. 

## Aikin kwaleji
Bayan kammala karatunsa daga makarantar sakandare a shekarar 1947, Hirsch ya sami tallafin karatu don yin karatu a Jami'ar Kentucky . [1] A can ya buga wa Wildcats wasa a ƙarƙashin mai horar da ƙungiyar Hall of Fame na gaba Adolph Rupp . A lokacin da yake a Burtaniya, Hirsch ya kasance cikin ƙungiyoyi uku na zakarun, a 1948, 1949 da 1951 .

A matsayinsa na ɗan shekara ɗaya a shekarar 1947–48, Hirsch ya buga wasanni 13 na kakar wasa ta yau da kullun ga Wildcats. A matsayinsa na ɗan shekara biyu da kuma ƙaramin yaro, Hirsch ya koma cikin jerin 'yan wasan Wildcats na yau da kullun, kuma a matsayinsa na ɗan shekara shida shi ne kyaftin na ƙungiyar zakarun Burtaniya ta 1950–51. Yayin da ya shiga ƙungiyar SEC All -game a shekarar 1951, an ayyana shi a matsayin wanda bai cancanci shiga gasar NCAA ta 1951 ba saboda yana ɗan wasa na shekara ta huɗu a jami'a (an hana shi a wancan lokacin).  

Bayan kammala aikinsa, Hirsch ya shiga cikin wani badakalar aski mai kaifi wanda ya shafi 'yan wasa daga makarantu bakwai daban-daban a faɗin ƙasar. An zargi Hirsch, tare da tsoffin abokan wasansa na Burtaniya Bill Spivey da Jim Line, da karɓar kuɗi don shafar sakamakon wasanni da dama a kakar wasa ta 1950-51. Hirsch da Line sun amince da aski mai kaifi kuma sun tuhumi Spivey. Duk da haka, ba a taɓa gurfanar da Hirsch a gaban kuliya ba. 

Shiga cikin harkokin caca da Hirsch ya yi ya haifar da dakatar da shi daga shiga wasannin ƙwallon baseball na ƙananan ƙungiyoyi ga ɗan wasan ƙwallon baseball na farko mai kyau. Ya fito daga kakar wasa mai ƙarfi ta 1952 a Danville Dans na Mississippi–Ohio Valley League, amma shugaban Minor League George Trautman (tsohon kocin ƙwallon kwando na kwaleji da kansa a Ohio State ) ya ayyana an dakatar da shi har abada daga shiga wasannin ƙwallon baseball na ƙananan ƙungiyoyi. 

## Manazarta
Ularbek Baitailaq

Ularbek Baitailaq ( Kazakh , Ūlarbek Baitailaq ) masanin tarihi ne kuma ɗan jarida a Kazakhstan. Ma'aikacin Taskar Tarihi ta Kasa ne na Kazakhstan, kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga jaridun adawa DAT da Altyn Tamyr . A farkon watan Agusta na 2012, maharan huɗu sun yi masa duka kuma suka kwantar da shi a asibiti. [1]

## Manazarta
John A. Mirisch

**John A. Mirisch** (15 ga Fabrairu, 1963.  Los Angeles, California) ɗan siyasa ne na Amurka kuma tsohon shugaban sashen fina-finai. A halin yanzu shi memba ne na majalisar birni na Beverly Hills, California . Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin magajin gari daga 2013 zuwa 2014, daga 2016 zuwa 2017, da kuma daga 2019 zuwa 2020.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi John A. Mirisch a wani babban iyali a Beverly Hills. [1] [2] Yana da ɗan'uwa da 'yar uwarsa, 'yar mijinta na biyu na mahaifiyarsa Leonard Goldberg . [2] Kakansa, Harold Mirisch, tare da kakanin kakanninsa Walter Mirisch (1921 – 2023) da Marvin Mirisch (1918 - 2002), suka kafa Kamfanin Mirisch a 1957. [1] [2] Ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Hawthorne da Makarantar Sakandare ta Beverly Hills, inda ya kammala karatunsa a 1981. [1] Ya kammala karatunsa a Jami'ar Yale a shekarar 1985

## Sana'a
Mirisch ya fara aikinsa a karni na 20 Fox .  Daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin manajan darakta na ofishin United International Pictures na Austria, sannan ya yi aiki a ofishin Sweden.  Ya yi aiki a kwamitin gudanarwa na Ƙungiyoyin Masu Rarraba Fina-finai na Austria da Sweden da kuma Kwamitin Zaɓen Kyaututtukan Kwalejin Sweden.  Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban jami'i a IMAX da kuma a Paramount Pictures . 

An zaɓe Mirisch a Majalisar Birnin Beverly Hills a shekara ta 2009.  A matsayinsa na kansila, ya yi adawa da shirin haɗa Holmby Hills, Los Angeles a matsayin wani ɓangare na birnin Beverly Hills.  Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin magajin garin Beverly Hills a shekara ta 2012, kuma ya zama magajin gari a karon farko a shekara ta 2013.     

A lokacin da yake kan mulki a matsayin magajin gari, Mirisch ya kafa Rundunar Aiki ta Sunshine don inganta bayyana gaskiya da kuma shigar da jama'a cikin harkokin gwamnati.  Ya kuma jagoranci Hukumar Al'adu ta Beverly Hills don girmama tarihi mai kyau na birnin da kuma gadon gine-gine.  Wa'adin aikinsa na farko ya ƙare a watan Maris na 2014, lokacin da aka rantsar da Lili Bosse a matsayin magajin gari. 

Mirisch ya yi wa'adinsa na biyu a matsayin magajin gari daga Maris 2016 zuwa Maris 2017  kuma ya fara wa'adinsa na uku a matsayin magajin gari a watan Maris 2019.
Mirischia

***Mirischia*** wani nau'in dinosaur ne da ya ɓace daga yankin Albian (Farkon Zamanin Cretaceous ) na arewa maso gabashin Brazil.

## Ganowa da kuma sanya suna
A shekara ta 2000, David Martill da Eberhard Frey sun ba da rahoton gano wani ƙaramin burbushin dinosaur da ke cikin wani ƙulli alli, wanda Gidan Tarihi na Staatliches na Jamus für Naturkunde Karlsruhe ya saya ba bisa ƙa'ida ba daga wani dillalin burbushin Brazil wanda ya nuna cewa an gano guntu a Chapada do Araripe, musamman a Araipina, Pernambuco .  A shekara ta 2004, Martill, Frey da Darren Naish sun sanya wa nau'in *Mirischia asymmetrica* suna kuma suka bayyana shi. Sunan gabaɗaya ya haɗa Latin *mirus*, 'mai ban mamaki', tare da "ischia", jam'in Latin na Girkanci ἴσχιον, *ischion*, 'haɗin hip'. Takamaiman sunan *asymmetrica* yana nufin gaskiyar cewa a cikin samfurin ischium na hagu ya bambanta da takwaransa na dama. 

Holotype ɗin, SMNK 2349 PAL, yana da yuwuwar samo asali ne daga Tsarin Romualdo na Ƙungiyar Santana, wanda ya samo asali daga Albian . Ya ƙunshi wani kwarangwal mai sassauƙa, wanda galibi ya ƙunshi ƙashin ƙugu da gaɓoɓin baya marasa cika, waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙashin baya biyu na baya, haƙarƙari, gastralia, partial ilia, pubes da ischia, ƙasusuwan cinya na ɓangare da kuma sassan sama na tibia na dama da fibula . A gaban pubes, akwai wani yanki na hanji mai firgita. Samfurin yana wakiltar mutum ɗan shekara ɗaya da haihuwa

## Bayani
*Mirischia* ƙaramin mai farauta ne mai ƙafa biyu. An kiyasta tsawonsa a shekarar 2004 a mita 2.1.  A shekarar 2010 Gregory S. Paul ya kiyasta nauyinsa a kilogiram bakwai.  Holotype na *Mirischia* abin lura ne saboda yana da ischia mara daidaituwa. Ya ambato daga Naish et al. (2004): "Ischia na *Mirischia* ba shi da daidaito, wanda a hagu yana da rami mai siffar oval yayin da wanda ke gefen dama yana da buɗaɗɗen wuri a wuri ɗaya." Samfurin kuma abin mamaki ne domin yana adana wasu ragowar nama mai laushi: ban da hanji, abin da masu bayanin suka fassara a matsayin jakar iska an adana shi tsakanin ƙasusuwan pubic da ischial a cikin siffar ginshiƙi. Ma'aikatan da suka gabata sun ba da shawarar cewa magungunan da ba na avian ba na iya - kamar tsuntsaye - suna da jakar iska bayan kwanya, kuma da alama *Mirischia* ta tabbatar da hakan. Wani abin lura shine siririn bangon ƙashi na duk abubuwan kwarangwal. 

## Phylogeny
A shekara ta 2004, an tura *Mirischia* zuwa Compsognathidae, wanda yake da alaƙa da *Compsognathus* daga Babban Jurassic na Turai da *Aristosuchus* daga Ƙananan Cretaceous na Ingila. Daga nan ne kawai compsognathid da aka sani daga Amurka.  A shekara ta 2010, Naish ya ba da shawarar cewa wataƙila memba ne na basal na Tyrannosauroidea .  A shekara ta 2024, Andrea Cau ya buga wani bincike kan ilimin halittar compsognathids waɗanda suka dawo da *Mirischia*, tare da wasu compsognathids guda huɗu da aka gabatar a cikin polytomy a cikin basal Coeluroosauria . Wannan polytomy musamman bai haɗa da *Compsognathus* daidai ba, wanda ba zai sa ɗayan waɗannan nau'ikan compsognathids ba su yi aiki ba. 

Wannan sigar da aka sauƙaƙa ta fannin phylogeny ce ta Cau (2024), tare da *Mirischia* a cikin rubutu mai kauri.
Gidan kayan gargajiya na Tomi Ungerer

**Musée Tomi Ungerer/Centre international de l'illustration** wani gidan tarihi ne da ke Strasbourg a sashen Bas-Rhin na Faransa . An buɗe shi a watan Nuwamba na 2007, an sadaukar da shi ga aikin mai zane Tomi Ungerer ɗan asalin Strasbourg kuma yana nuna zane-zane 11,000  iri-iri na Ungerer da wasu daga cikin shahararrun abokan aikinsa ( Saul Steinberg, Ronald Searle, André François ...) da kuma tarin kayan wasan yara na gargajiya da kuma nunin kayan tarihi na musamman na Ungerer.

Gidan tarihin yana cikin rabin tsohon Villa Greiner, wani babban gida da aka gina a shekarar 1884, kuma ya mamaye hawa uku. An keɓe bene na ƙasa don aikin Ungerer a matsayin mai zane-zanen littattafai na yara, bene na farko an keɓe shi ne don aikinsa na mai zane-zanen siyasa da kuma mai zane mai ban dariya. Ginshiki - wanda ba a iya isa ga yara ba - an keɓe shi ne ga zane-zanensa na batsa da na batsa.

Ya zuwa ranar 31 ga Disamba, 2015, tarin ya ƙunshi guda 24,170. 

## Manazarta
John Davies (mai adana bayanai)

**John Davies** A.M.N. PPN (27 ga Yuli, 1925 &#x2013; 21 ga Oktoba, 1999) masanin tarihi ne, marubuci, kuma wanda ya sami lambar yabo ta Ahli Mangku Negara mai daraja. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Jami'in Taskar Tarihi na Ƙasa na Malaysia (Arkib Negara Malaysia), Petaling Jaya tsakanin 1961 da 1977. Shi ne babban jami'in duniya kan kiyayewa da adana takardu a zamaninsa.

## Tarihi
An haifi Davies a Parit Buntar, Perak, Malaysia ga Joseph Sanghuni Nair da Marial Joseph, an yi masa baftisma a matsayin John Davies, kuma ɗan asalin ƙasar Malayali Nair ne. A lokacin mamayar da Japan ta yi wa Malaya a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, Davies ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in rabon abinci. Daga baya ya haɗu da Lord Mervyn Cecil Ffranck Sheppard ( Tan Sri Mubin Sheppard ), wanda ya ga dama a Davies kuma ya ba shi ƙaramin matsayi a Taskar Tarihi ta Ƙasa ta Malaysia. Davies ya yi fice a aikinsa, ya hau kan muƙami kuma aka ɗaukaka shi zuwa Babban Jami'in Taskar Tarihi. Davies ya buga littattafai da dama kuma ya yi tafiya zuwa ƙasashen waje zuwa Ingila, inda ya yi karatu da kuma inganta fasaharsa. Daga baya a aikinsa, an ba wa Mista Davies lambar yabo ta Ahli Mangku Negara daga Raja of Selangor saboda hidimarsa a Taskar Tarihi ta Malaysia. Kasancewarsa jagora a duniya kan batun kiyayewa, an buƙaci ya yi lacca a lokuta da dama a duk faɗin Asiya, Turai, Ostiraliya da Afirka.

### Masu jajircewa a Malaysia

* 
** Medallist of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (P.P.N.) (1965)
** Member of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (A.M.N.) (1977)

## Manazarta
Anton Aškerc

**Anton Aškerc** (  ; 9 Janairu 1856 - 10 Yuni 1912) mawaki ne ɗan ƙasar Slovenia kuma firist na Roman Katolika wanda ya yi aiki a Austria, wanda aka fi sani da waƙoƙinsa masu ban mamaki .

An haifi Aškerc a cikin dangin manoma kusa da garin Rimske Toplice a Duchy na Styria, a lokacin wani ɓangare na Daular Austria (yanzu yana Slovenia ),  kuma ya yi wa *Anton Askerz* baftisma.  An rubuta wurin haihuwarsa a matsayin gidan mai lamba 5  (watau, gonar Hrušovar, gidan mahaifinsa)  a Senožete, wanda a lokacin ƙauyen Rimske Toplice ne ( German   ). Duk da haka, al'adar iyali ta ce an haife shi a gida mai lamba 15 a Globoko .  Bayan kammala karatunsa daga makarantar sakandare a Celje, ya shiga makarantar tauhidi ta Roman Katolika a Maribor . An naɗa shi firist a 1880. A wannan shekarar ne ya buga waƙarsa ta farko mai suna *Trije popotniki* (Matafiya Uku) a cikin mujallar adabi mai ci gaba *Ljubljanski zvon* .

Ya fara aikinsa na adabi ta hanyar rubuta waƙoƙin waƙa, amma bayan 1882 ya koma jigogi masu ban mamaki. Waƙoƙinsa na bayan soyayya suna nuna kishin ƙasa, ƙauna da shakku na addini . Jigogin waƙoƙinsa na ballades da soyayya sun fito ne daga tarihin Slovene da Slavic, Littafi Mai Tsarki, al'adun gargajiya da kuma rayuwar zamani. Ya sami rinjaye sosai daga gaskiyar adabi, yana rubuta wasu daga cikin waƙoƙinsa da aka fi sani da wannan salon, amma bai taɓa ƙin yarda da duk wani ra'ayi bayan soyayya ba.

Aškerc ya buga waƙoƙinsa a cikin mujallar *Ljubljanski zvon* a ƙarƙashin sunan *Gorázd* tun daga 1881, amma ya yi amfani da sunansa na gaske a cikin tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, *Balade in romance* (Ballades and Romances) wanda aka buga a 1890. Al'umma masu karatu da masu suka sun karɓi tarin, amma masu fafutukar siyasa na Katolika masu tasowa sun soki shi, kamar bishop Anton Mahnič, wanda bai amince da manufofin ƙasa, 'yancin kai da ci gaba na Aškerc ba. Aškerc ya yi ritaya da wuri daga hidimarsa ta firistoci. Ba da daɗewa ba, Ivan Hribar, magajin garin Ljubljana mai sassaucin ra'ayi, ya naɗa shi a matsayin babban mai adana tarihin tarihin birnin Ljubljana, wanda ya ci gaba da zama har zuwa mutuwarsa.

## Manazarta

* France Bernik, "Cankarjevo vrednotenje Aškerca" in *Študije o slovenski poeziji* (Ljubljana: Državna založba Slovenije, 1993).
* Igor Grdina, *Slovenci med tradicijo in perspektivo: siyasa mozaik 1860–1918* (Ljubljana: Študentska založba, 2003).
* Kajetan Kovič, *Sled sence zarje* (Ljubljana: Slovenska matica, 2006).
* Ivan Prijatelj, *Književnost mladoslovencev* (Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, 1962).
Kirisi Kuridrani

**Kirisi Kuridrani** (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1991), tsohon **Kirisi Nasiganiyavi**, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Australiya na zuriyar Fijian . A halin yanzu ya sanya hannu a kulob din Honda Heat na Japan kuma a baya ya buga wa Queensland Reds a Super Rugby . Matsayinsa na yau da kullun shine fuka-fuki.

## Iyali da rayuwar farko
An haifi Kirisi Nasiganiyavi a Brisbane, inda mahaifinsa Isei Nasiganiyawi ya buga wasan rugby na Queensland. Shi ne ƙaramin ɗan'uwan Nemani Nadolo (wanda aka kira Ratu Nasiganiyavi kafin ya karɓi sunan mahaifiyarsu na Nadolo a shekara ta 2009)   kuma dan uwan Tevita Kuridrani;  a shekara ta 2011 ya karɓi suna Kuridrani.

A lokacin ƙaramin aikinsa an zaba shi don ƙungiyoyin wakilai da yawa, gami da Queensland Under-16s. Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Jihar Marsden da Ipswich Grammar, kuma ya wakilci Queensland a gasar zakarun Rugby ta Australia a 2008 da 2009.

## Ayyukan Rugby
A shekara ta 2010, ya buga wasan rugby na GPS Old Boys kuma an zaba shi don kungiyar Brisbane Under-19 daga baya a wannan shekarar. An zaba shi don tawagar Fiji Under-20 kuma ya taka leda a gasar cin kofin duniya ta IRB Junior ta 2010 a Argentina,  kuma ya zira kwallaye a kan New Zealand a wasan budewa.

Chris Kuridrani ya sauya lambobin a farkon shekara ta 2011. Ya buga gasar rugby a gasar cin Kofin Toyota na Brisbane Broncos na zagaye biyar kafin ya dawo ya buga Premier Rugby tare da GPS kuma ya horar da tawagar Queensland Reds . An zaba shi a matsayin mai maye gurbin rauni ga tawagar Australia ta kasa da shekaru 20 a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta IRB ta 2011 a Italiya, kuma ya zira kwallaye a wasan kusa da na karshe da New Zealand.

Ya kasance memba na Kwalejin Kasa ta ARU a cikin 2013,  kuma ya shiga gasar cin Kofin Rugby na Pacific, gami da buga wasa daya ga Kwalejin Brisbane da ɗan'uwansa, Nemani Nadolo, wanda ya buga wa Fiji Warriors. 

A halin yanzu yana taka leda a Counties Manukau a gasar cin kofin Mitre 10. 

A ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 2019 an zaba shi a cikin tawagar Highlanders don gasar Super Rugby ta 2020.

## Manazarta
Kousuke Akiyoshi

Kousuke Akiyoshi (秋吉耕佑, Akiyoshi Kōsuke; an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1975) ɗan wasan tseren babur ne na Japan. Ya kasance zakara sau biyu a gasar zakarun Superbike ta Japan, kuma ya yi gasa a wasu lokuta a gasar zarrawar duniya ta MotoGP .

Akiyoshi an san shi a asalinsa Japan a matsayin mai fafatawa a gasar MFJ All Japan Road Race GP250, kuma mafi mahimmanci a gasar All Japan Superbike, inda ya sami nasara tare da ƙungiyar Yoshimura Suzuki da ke hawa Suzuki GSX-R1000. A watan Yulin 2007 shi, tare da Yukio Kagayama, sun lashe tseren jimrewar Suzuka 8 Hours a kan keken Yoshimura Suzuki.

## Ayyuka

### Gasar tseren kasa
Akiyoski ya fara bugawa gasar zakarun Japan GP250 a shekarar 1995, yana hawa Suzuki RGV250. Ya gama a matsayi na 24 a kakar wasa ta farko, kafin ya inganta zuwa 10 a kakar wasa mai zuwa. A shekara ta 1997, Akiyoshi ya koma gasar zakarun Superbike ta Japan - daga baya gasar zakarar Japan JSB1000 - inda ya shafe mafi yawan aikinsa. Ya lashe gasar a 2010 da 2011, yana hawa Honda CBR1000R .

### Bayyanar Grand Prix

A cikin kakar 2010, Akiyoshi ya tsaya a matsayin wanda ya ji rauni Hiroshi Aoyama a kungiyar Interwetten Honda. Ya yi gasa a cikin tseren biyu don tawagar, ya kammala na 15 a Dutch TT a Assen da 13 a Catalan Grand Prix a Catalonia . Daga nan sai aka maye gurbinsa da mahayin San Marinese Alex na Angelis . Akiyoshi ya sake maye gurbin Aoyama a tawagar Gresini Racing don 2011 Dutch TT, duk da haka ba ta hanyar rauni ba, yayin da Aoyama da kansa ya maye gurbin Dani Pedrosa da ya ji rauni a Repsol Honda .  Akiyoshi ya kuma yi gasa a Grand Prix na Japan a matsayin shigar da wildcard tare da LCR Honda - tare da Shinichi Itoh, tsere don HRC Honda - a matsayin alamar tallafi ga waɗanda girgizar ƙasa da tsunami ta Tōhoku ta shafa a watan Maris na shekara ta 2011.&nbsp;&nbsp;

## Kididdigar aiki

### Tseren shekara

## Manazarta
Jono Lance

**Jono Lance** (an haife shi 27 Yuni 1990) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ƙungiyar rugby wanda a baya ya buga wa Western Force a gasar Super Rugby AU . Yawancin lokaci yana taka leda a cikakken baya, tashi-rafi ko tsakiya.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Lance a Canberra, Ostiraliya .

## Ayyuka
Ya fara bugawa a Lokacin Super Rugby na 2011 ga Queensland Reds a kan Western Force a Perth . Bayan shekaru uku a Reds ya sanya hannu tare da NSW Waratahs kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu da ta fara a kakar 2014.

Lance ya taka leda a gasar zakarun Rugby ta kasa ta New South Wales Country Eagles a shekarar 2015 kafin ya shiga kungiyar Western Force a kakar 2016.

Bayan da aka dakatar da Force daga gasar Super Rugby daga 2018 zuwa gaba, Lance ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar gajeren lokaci tare da kungiyar Firayim Minista ta Ingila Worcester. A wannan lokacin ya kuma sanya hannu tare da Melbourne Rebels tare da shiga 'yan wasan Force, Adam Coleman, Dane Haylett-Petty, Richard Hardwick & Bill Meakes. Lokacin da Lance ya koma Ostiraliya, 'yan tawaye sun sake shi don sanya hannu tare da Queensland Reds ba tare da ya bayyana ga Melbourne franchise ba. Lance ya koma Reds bayan wani rikici da ya shafi cocaine ga Wallaby Karmichael Hunt da kuma korar kocin Brad Thorn na gwajin Wallaby da ɗan'uwansa na 2011 Quade Cooper.

A ranar 1 ga Mayu 2020, an sanar da cewa Lance zai yi tafiya zuwa babban birnin Scotland Edinburgh a cikin Pro14 daga kakar 2020-21.  Amma, an dakatar da tafiyarsa zuwa Edinburgh saboda rashin samun biza ta Burtaniya.

Tun daga wannan lokacin ya shiga Western Force don sabon lokacin Super Rugby AU.

## Kididdigar Super Rugby

## Manazarta
Abdelkarim Badjadja

**Abdelkrim Badjadja** (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga Maris, 1945, a Constantine, Algeria ) kuma ya mutu a ranar 31 ga Janairu, 2022, a Constantine, masanin tarihi ne kuma masanin tarihi na Algeria. Ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga ci gaban Taskar Tarihi ta Ƙasa ta Algeria (Taskar Tarihi ta Ƙasa ta Aljeriya) da kuma adanawa da yaɗa tarihin Aljeriya. Ya buga ayyuka da dama kan tarihin Aljeriya da kuma sana'ar adana kayan tarihi a cikin Larabci da Faransanci .

## Ilimi
Badjadja ya yi karatunsa a Jami'ar Constantine da ke Algeria inda ya karanci tarihi da kuma ilimin ƙasa . Ya sami lasisinsa a shekarar 1972 sannan ya sami digirinsa na DEA a shekarar 1974.

## Sana'a
Badjadja ya yi aiki a matsayin Daraktan Sashen Taskar Tarihi na Constantine daga 1974 zuwa 1991, sannan kuma Daraktan Laburare na Ƙasa na Algeria daga 1991 zuwa 1992. Ya kasance Darakta Janar na Taskar Tarihi na Ƙasa na Algeria (Taskar Tarihi na Ƙasa na Aljeriya) daga 1992 zuwa 2001. A halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin Mai Ba da Shawara kan Tarihi a Cibiyar Bayanai da Bincike, a Fadar Shugaban Ƙasa da ke Abu Dhabi, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa . Ya kuma kasance darektan Taskar Tarihi na Wilaya de Constantine a Constantine, Algeria . [1]

Daga Nuwamba 1986 zuwa Maris 1987, an sanya shi a ƙarƙashin dokar hana kama mutane a cikin gari amma ba a bayar da wani dalili na hukuma ba. 

## Zaɓaɓɓun littattafan karatu

* "Aikace-aikacen Senatus Consulte (1863-1887) a cikin Constantine," *Tarihin Ƙasa* 3, 1975
* "Rayuwar Siyasa a Constantine (1935-1940) Amfani da Taskar Ayyukan Hulɗa na Arewacin Afirka a Wilaya na Constantine," *Taskar Tarihi ta Ƙasa* 6, 1977
* "Hanyoyin Neman Bayanai a Cibiyar Tarihi," *Mujallar CIRTA* 1, 1979
* "Kiɗan Andalusian, Tarihi da Ka'ida," *The Roch 3* 1985
* *Bincike Kan Matsayin Rayuwar Al'ummar Musulmi a Constantine a 1936,* 1989
* "Sana'ar Ƙwararru a Gudanar da Taskar Tarihi a Matsayin Sana'ar 'Yancin Kai," *Mujallar Arab Archives* 15, 1990
* *Taswirorin Tsoffin Kabilu a Gabashin Aljeriya, 1863–1887,* 1990
* "Gwagwarmayar Constantine, 1836-1837," *Quire of Tunis* 157-158, 1991
* "Ofishin Rijistar Musulmi a Constantine a shekara ta 1256 H. (1840–41)," *Madjallat El-Tarikh* 25, 1992
* "Ƙungiyoyin Italiya a Gabashin Aljeriya daga 1906 zuwa 1939," *Mujallar Tarihin Mograbin* 67, 1992
* "Tarihin Tsohon Garin Constantine," *Madjallat El-Tarikh* 25, 1992
* "Gudanar da Taskar Gudanarwa, Tsarin Asali Mara Kyau Da Ke Magance Yawan Takardu Mara Amfani," *Mujallar Taskar Larabawa* 16, 1992
* "Takardu Uku Kan Alaƙar Ruwa Tsakanin Aljeriya da Villefranche (Comite de Nice) a Ƙarni na 18 da 18," *Mujallar Tarihi ta Mograbin* 67–68, 1992
* "Gina da Inganta Cibiyoyin Tarihi," *Mujallar Tarihin Larabawa* 17, 1997

## Manazarta

* Jagorar tarihin rayuwa ta duniya ta masu adana kayan tarihi na ƙasa, masu adana takardu, da masu kula da laburare / wanda Jeffrey M. White, Todd J Kosmerick, Laurie Scrivener suka shirya; Susan Houck ta tattara. Bugu na 2. Lanham, Md. : Scarecrow Press, 2000.
* Kundin mamba na Majalisar Dokoki ta Duniya: https://web.archive.org/web/20090528023848/http://membres.lycos.fr/badjadja/
Abdool Cader Kalla

**Abdool Cader Kalla**, wanda aka fi sani da sunan alkalami **AC Kalla**, malami ne ɗan ƙasar Indo-Mauritius, masanin ƙasa, kuma masanin tarihi  wanda aka san shi da gudummawarsa ga ilimi da kuma shiga cikin shirye-shiryen ilimi da al'adu a Mauritius . Tare da nazarin ƙasa da ilimi, Kalla ya sami ci gaba wajen haɓaka fahimtar al'adu daban-daban, wayar da kan jama'a game da muhalli, da kuma ilimin tarihi.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An haifi Abdool Cader Kalla a Rose Hill, Mauritius a ranar 17 ga Janairu, 1941.   Ya fito ne daga asalin addinin Musulunci na Indo-Mauritius. Kakanninsa sun yi ƙaura daga Gujarat, Indiya a ƙarni na 19 zuwa Mauritius a lokacin mulkin Birtaniya. 

## Sana'a
Abdool Cader Kalla ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa a fannin koyarwa da ilimin ƙasa a Cibiyar Ilimi ta Mauritius (MIE), [1] [2] inda ya kuma riƙe matsayin mataimakin darakta. [3] Ƙwarewarsa ta kai ga Ilimin Geography of Health, wani fanni na nazari inda ya nuna sha'awa sosai. A lokacin da yake aiki a MIE, Kalla ya rubuta babin muhalli na kayan ilimi kuma ya jagoranci shirin Malamai da Ilimin Al'adu daban-daban, yana mai jaddada muhimmancin al'adu daban-daban da kuma wayar da kan jama'a a ayyukan ilimi.

Baya ga kasancewarsa farfesa, a shekarun 1980, Kalla ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban Hukumar Albashi ta Kasa (NRB), wadda ta tsara ka'idojin albashi ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Ivan Collendaveloo ne ya jagoranci kungiyar kuma marigayi Ewam Juggernauth ya biyo baya. 

Bayan ayyukansa na ilimi, Kalla ya taka rawa sosai wajen tsara manufofin watsa labarai a Mauritius. Ya karɓi muƙamin Shugaban Hukumar Watsa Labarai Mai Zaman Kanta (IBA), inda ya gaji Ashok Radhakissoon a shekarar 2004. 

Baya ga ayyukansa na ilimi da gudanarwa, an kuma karrama Kalla saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga al'adun gargajiya. Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Majalisar Gidajen Tarihi ta Mauritius.  

## Manazarta
Lomano Lemeki

Lomano Lava Lemeki (レメキ (193マノ, Remeki Romano; an haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1989) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin reshe na ƙungiyar Japan_Rugby_League_One" id="mwDg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Japan Rugby League One">Japan Rugby League One ta Green Rockets Tokatsu . An haife shi a New Zealand, yana wakiltar Japan a matakin kasa da kasa bayan ya cancanci zama a kan tushen zama.

## Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Lemeki ta girma a New Zealand kafin ta koma Japan a shekara ta 2009.[1][2] Ya taimaka wa Japan ta lashe gasar Thailand Sevens ta 2013 lokacin da ya zira kwallaye a wasan da ya yi da Hong Kong 7s don tabbatar da nasarar su.[3]

## Rayuwa ta mutum

## Manazarta
Jakub Stolarczyk

**Jakub Stolarczyk** (an haife shi a ranar 19 ga Disamba, 2000) ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Poland wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida a ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Leicester City .

## Sana'a
Stolarczyk ya fara aikinsa ne da ƙungiyar Piast Chęciny ta ƙasar Poland wadda take mataki na bakwai.

### Leicester City
A shekarar 2017, ya shiga makarantar matasa ta Leicester City a gasar Premier ta Ingila.   

#### Lamuni ga Dumfermline Athletic
A ranar 31 ga Janairu 2022, an tura Stolarczyk aro zuwa kulob din Dunfermline Athletic na Scotland mai mataki na biyu.   Ya fara buga wasa a kungiyar a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Ayr United a gasar cin kofin Scotland kwanaki biyar bayan haka.  Manaja John Hughes da magoya bayansa sun yaba masa saboda rawar da ya taka mai ban sha'awa.  

#### Lamuni ga Fleetwood Town
A ranar 15 ga Agusta 2022, Stolarczyk ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwangila kuma an tura shi aro na tsawon kakar wasa zuwa kungiyar EFL League One Fleetwood Town .   A ranar 23 ga Agusta 2022, ya fara bugawa Fleetwood Town wasa a wasan da Everton ta doke su da ci 1-0 a zagaye na biyu na gasar cin kofin EFL .  Ya buga wasanni uku a gasar cin kofin FA, inda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen jagorantar kungiyar zuwa wasan zagaye na hudu na farko.  Duk da haka, ganin cewa bai taba fitowa a wasanni ba, Leicester ta sake kiransa daga aronsa a ranar 13 ga Janairu 2023. 

#### Aron zuwa Hartlepool United
A ranar 23 ga Janairu, ya koma ƙungiyar EFL League Two ta Hartlepool United a matsayin aro har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa.   A ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, an zaɓe shi a kan abokin tsaron gida Ben Killip kuma ya fara buga wa ƙungiyarsa ta farko a Hartlepool a wasan da suka doke Doncaster Rovers da ci 1-0 a waje a gasar. 

#### Komawa Leicester City

A ranar 9 ga Agusta 2023, Stolarczyk ya fara buga wasa a matakin farko na Leicester City a wasan da suka doke Burton Albion da ci 2-0 a zagayen farko na Kofin EFL . [1] Ya fara buga wasa a gasar cin kofin EFL bayan kwana uku a wasan da suka doke Huddersfield Town da ci 1-0. [2] A watan Maris na 2024, Stolarczyk ya buga wa Leicester wasa a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Chelsea a zagayen kwata na karshe na Kofin FA, kuma ya ceci bugun fenariti a rabin farko daga hannun Raheem Sterling

A watan Yulin 2024, an sanar da cewa zai yi jinyar har tsawon watanni shida saboda raunin da ya samu a idon sawunsa.  A ranar 27 ga Disamba 2024, Stolarczyk ya fara buga gasar Premier a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Liverpool da ci 3-1 a waje. 

A farkon kakar wasa ta 2025-26, an bai wa Stolarczyk rigar lamba ɗaya a Leicester.
Che Gossett

**Che Gossett** marubuci ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka, malami, kuma mai adana kayan tarihi.  Sun yi rubuce-rubuce sosai kan yadda ake ganin baƙi da trans, yadda ake nuna baƙar fata a trans,    yadda ake nuna jari-hujja,   da kuma yadda ake nuna wariyar launin fata a trans da kuma yadda ake nuna wa baƙi, juriya da kuma kawar da su. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Gossett ya girma a Roxbury, Massachusetts, tare da tagwayensu, Caitlin, da ɗan'uwansu, mai fafutuka kuma mai shirya fina-finai Tourmaline .   Mahaifiyarsu mai shirya ƙungiyar kwadago ce kuma mahaifinsu tsohon soja ne a Yaƙin Vietnam kuma tsohon memba na ƙungiyar masu fafutuka da ke Memphis, The Invaders.  

Gossett ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Rafael Hernandez da Makarantar Shirye-shiryen Nativity tun yana yaro, kuma ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta River's Country Day kafin daga bisani ya kammala karatunsa a Makarantar Sakandare ta New Mission. A lokacin yana matashi, Gossett ya halarci tarurrukan matasa da kuma ilimin HIV. 

Bayan kammala karatun sakandare, sun halarci Kwalejin Morehouse kuma sun kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin nazarin Afirka ta Amurka a shekarar 2003.  Gossett ya kuma sami digiri na farko a fannin MAT daga Jami'ar Brown a shekarar 2004, da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin Tarihi daga Jami'ar Pennsylvania a shekarar 2010.  Sun sami digiri na uku a fannin Nazarin Mata da Jinsi daga Jami'ar Rutgers a shekarar 2021. 

Daga 2014 zuwa 2019, Gossett ta yi aiki a matsayin Mai Kula da Taskar Al'umma kuma Mai Kula da Ɗalibai a Cibiyar Bincike kan Mata ta Barnard .   Daga 2021 zuwa 2024, Gossett ta kasance malamar digirin digirgir a fannin shari'ar launin fata a Initiative for a Just Society, Makarantar Shari'a ta Columbia.  Daga 2022 zuwa 2024 Gossett malamar ziyara ce a Makarantar Shari'a ta Harvard, a Shirin Dokar Dabbobi da Manufofi.  A halin yanzu su ne Mataimakin Darakta na Cibiyar Bincike a Nazarin Mata, Queer, da Transgender a Jami'ar Pennsylvania. 

## Littattafai da Lakcoci
Sun buga rubutunsu a cikin *Tarko Door: Trans Cultural Production and the Politics of Visibility,*  *Mutuwa da Sauran Hukunci: Masana Falsafa na Yankin Gidaje da Hukuncin Babban Birnin Tarayya,  Mai Karatu kan Nazarin Jinsi na Canji,  The Scholar & Feminist Online,*  *Los Angeles Review of Books,*  da *Frieze.*   Gossett ya yi lacca kuma ya yi wasa a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani, MoMA PS1, Gidan Tarihi na Whitney na Fasaha na Amurka, Sabon Gidan Tarihi da Gidan Tarihi na AIR .     

A shekarar 2023, Gossett ya shiga Kwalejin Fasaha ta Pacific Northwest a Jami'ar Willamette a matsayin Malami a fannin zama kuma mai koyar da karawa juna sani a fannin ka'idar launin fata . [1] [2] Che ya yi hadin gwiwa da gyara wani mujalla ta musamman ta TSQ mai suna "Trans in a Time of HIV/AIDS" tare da Farfesa Eva Hayward, [3] da kuma manhajar karatunsu kan hanyoyin trans da wadanda ba na biyu ba na fasaha da tarihin fasaha, tare da Farfesa David Getsy, wanda ya lashe kyautar Kwalejin Fasaha ta Musamman. [4]

## Manazarta
Gidan Tarihin Nazarin Yara na San Jose

**Gidan Tarihi na Gano Yara na San Jose** **(CDM)** wata cibiya ce ta al'adu da ke yi wa yara, iyalai, da makarantu hidima a Silicon Valley / San Francisco Bay Area . Memba ne na Ƙungiyar Gidajen Tarihi na Yara da Ƙungiyar Cibiyoyin Kimiyya da Fasaha, Gidan Tarihi na Gano Yara yana cikin tsakiyar birnin San Jose, California, a kan Woz Way. An sanya wa titin suna ne bayan Steve Wozniak, wanda ya kafa Apple Computer, wanda laƙabinsa shine "Woz". Wozniak shi ne mutum ɗaya tilo da ya ba da gudummawa mai zaman kansa a lokacin yaƙin neman zaɓe na babban birnin da ya ba da kuɗin gidan tarihi.

## Bayani
Gidan tarihi ya buɗe ƙofofinsa a shekarar 1990, kuma sama da baƙi miliyan 9 sun ziyarci. Faɗin Ginin   shunayya  murabba'i    na sararin samaniyar gallery da kuma filin wasan yanayi na waje mai rabin eka wanda aka buɗe a shekarar 2017.  Gidan kayan tarihi yana ɗaya daga cikin gine-gine biyu a tsakiyar gari na San Jose wanda Legorreta ya tsara; ɗayan kuma shine The Tech Interactive, wanda aka buɗe a shekarar 1998. 

Gidan tarihi yana ginawa da kuma nuna nunin kayan tarihi masu hulɗa waɗanda ke mayar da hankali kan ilimin yara ƙanana . Nunin kayan tarihi, shirye-shirye da shirye-shiryen gidan tarihi sun sami kulawar gida, yanki da ƙasa.    Daga cikin nunin kayan tarihi akwai kwafi biyu na Columbian mammoth masu girman rai, ingantattun motoci masu bincike ciki har da injin kashe gobara da motar hawa ta Wells Fargo, da wuraren zane-zane guda biyar.   

Gidan tarihin ya shahara da jerin bukukuwan al'adu da ke nuna al'adu da al'adun ƙungiyoyin jama'a daban-daban da aka wakilta a wannan yanki na mafi rinjaye .   

Mujallar *Child* ta sanya Gidan Tarihi na Gano Yara na San Jose a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan gidajen tarihi 10 na yara a Amurka  kuma *London Observer* ta sanya shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin kimiyya 5 a duniya.

## Nune-nune da shirye-shirye

Fayil:Water_display_at_children's_discovery_museum_in_San_Jose,_California.JPG|alt=Water vortex| Ruwan iska
Fayil:Tape_Scape_by_Eric_Lennartson_at_children's_discovery_museum_in_San_Jose,_California.JPG|alt=Eric Lennartson's Tape Scape| *Tape Scape* na Eric Lennartson 
Fayil:Mammoth_skeleton_display_at_Children's_discovery_museum_in_San_Jose,_California.JPG|alt=A mammoth skeleton| kwarangwal mai girma
Fayil:Stagecoach_at_Children's_Discovery_Museum.jpg|alt=A Wells-Fargo stagecoach| Motar wasan kwaikwayo ta Wells-Fargo
Gidan Tarihi na Gano Yara yana ɗaukar nauyin baje kolin kayan tarihi, shirye-shirye da abubuwan da suka faru ga iyalai waɗanda ke da yara 'yan shekara 10 zuwa ƙasa waɗanda ke mai da hankali kan ilmantarwa ta hannu, gogewa da kuma bincike .

Nunin ya haɗa da Bill's Backyard: Bridge to Nature, wani wuri mai faɗin eka rabin kadada na binciken yanayi a waje; Mammoth Discovery! wani baje koli game da ilimin halittar halittu, ilimin ƙasa, da hanyar kimiyya ; da kuma Waterways, inda yara ke shiga cikin wasan ruwa da kuma bin ƙa'idodin kimiyyar lissafi ta hanyar hulɗa da vortex na ruwa, lura da kwararar laminar a cikin aiki, da kuma fuskantar matsin lamba da kwararar ruwa .

## Manazarta
R. G. Anthonisz

**Richard Gerald Anthonisz**, ISO, JP (22 Oktoba 1852 - 3 Janairu 1930) lauya ne na Ceylon, masanin ilimi kuma ma'aikacin gwamnati . Shi ne masanin tarihin gwamnati na farko a gwamnatin Birtaniya ta Ceylon. 

## Farkon rayuwa da Karatu
An haife shi a Galle kuma ya yi karatun firamare a Turanci daga Makarantar Galle Kwalejin Richmond ta yanzu. Bayan ya sami tallafin karatu na Sarauniya ya shiga Kwalejin Colombo (wanda yanzu ita ce Kwalejin Royal Colombo ). Bayan ya shiga fannin shari'a Anthonisz ya zama Shugaban Kotun Gundumar.

Daga nan ya zama malami kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Malami a Kwalejin Richmond, Galle da kuma Kwalejin Colombo; kafin ya zama babban Malami na Makarantar Tsakiya ta Ingila ta Galle. Ya shiga aikin gwamnati, ya zama mai rijistar filaye, sannan alkalin 'yan sanda sannan ya zama Mataimakin Magatakarda Janar a Colombo .

A watan Yulin 1899, ɗalibi mai himma a fannin tarihi da al'adun ƙasar Holland a Ceylon, an naɗa Anthonisz a sabon muƙamin Mai Binciken Bayanan Dutch, tare da aikin bincika da tsara bayanan da aka watsar da kuma takardu na gwamnatin Holland. Tare da nasarar aikin adana bayanan Dutch, gwamnatin Birtaniya ta ƙirƙiri sabon muƙamin Mai Binciken Bayanan Gwamnati da Mai Ɗakin Karatu a matsayin wani ɓangare na Ofishin Babban Sakatare (wanda aka fi sani da Sakataren Mulkin Mallaka ) a shekarar 1902 kuma aka naɗa Anthonisz na dindindin. Ya riƙe muƙamin har zuwa lokacin da ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1921. An kafa wannan ofishin a hukumance a matsayin Ma'aikatar Kula da Bayanan Gwamnati a shekarar 1947 kuma yanzu ana kiransa Ma'aikatar Kula da Bayanan Ƙasa .

Saboda aikinsa na gwamnati, an naɗa shi a matsayin Adalci na Zaman Lafiya kuma ya zama Abokin Aikin Sarki a bikin tunawa da ranar haihuwa ta 1919. An naɗa shi memba na Society of Dutch Literature, Leyden kuma ya kafa Dutch Burgher Union of Ceylon .

## Manazarta
Gidan kayan gargajiya na kayan wasa

**Gidan kayan wasan yara** gidan kayan tarihi ne na kayan wasan yara . Yawanci suna nuna kayan wasan yara daga wani al'ada ko wani zamani tare da tarihinsu.  Waɗannan sun bambanta da gidajen tarihi na yara, waɗanda gidajen tarihi ne na yara, kuma galibi suna da hulɗa - gidajen kayan wasan yara na iya zama na yara ko manya, kuma suna iya samun nunin faifai masu hulɗa ko kuma a nuna su kawai.

## Shahararrun gidajen tarihi na kayan wasa

Ga jerin gidajen tarihi da suka ƙware a fannin kayan wasan yara, waɗanda tarinsu a buɗe yake don jama'a su gani. Wasu gidajen tarihi kamar Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi na Amurka suna da kayan wasan yara da ake nunawa a cikin tarinsu na dindindin, amma ba cikakkun gidajen tarihi na kayan wasan yara ba ne kuma saboda haka ba a jera su a nan ba. Haka kuma, ƙungiyoyi kamar Gidan Tarihi na "Tsaron" da "Gidan Wasan Yara" na Birnin New York waɗanda ke ɗauke da tarin kayan wasan yara amma ba a buɗe su don jama'a ba a jera su a nan.

### Afirka

* Gidan Tarihi na Kayan Wasan Yara da Ƙananan Yara, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, Afirka ta Kudu

### Amurka

; Arewa

Kanada

* Gidan Tarihi na Kayan Wasan Kasa na Kanada, Victoria, British Columbia

## Tsoffin gidajen tarihi

* Gidan Tarihi na Bear, wani gidan tarihi na teddy bear, an kafa shi a Petersfield, Hampshire a shekarar 1984. An rufe shi a shekarar 2006.
* Gidan Tarihi na Teddy Bear na Naples, gidan tarihi na teddy bear, wanda aka buɗe a shekarar 1990 a arewacin Naples, Florida, kuma aka rufe a shekarar 2005.
* Gidan Tarihi na Toy Town yana gabashin Aurora, New York, gidan Fisher-Price . Yana kan harabar Fisher-Price duk da cewa yana aiki a matsayin ƙungiya mai zaman kanta. A halin yanzu yana neman sabon wuri.
* An buɗe Gidan Tarihi na Kayan Wasan Yara na London da Model a shekarar 1982, a Landan, Birtaniya, kuma an rufe shi a shekarar 1999. 

## Manazarta
Tsarin ƙididdigar fina-finai na Motion Picture Association

Ana amfani da **tsarin kimanta fina-finai** **na Ƙungiyar Fim ta Motion Pictures** a Amurka da yankunanta don kimanta dacewar fim ga wasu masu sauraro bisa ga abubuwan da ke cikinsa. Tsarin da ƙimar da aka yi amfani da su ga fina-finai na mutum ɗaya alhakin Ƙungiyar Fim ta Motion Pictures (MPA), wacce a da aka sani da Ƙungiyar Fim ta Amurka (MPAA) daga 1945 zuwa 2019. Tsarin kimanta MPA shiri ne na son rai wanda doka ba ta tilasta shi ba; ana iya nuna fina-finai ba tare da ƙima ba, kodayake yawancin gidajen sinima sun ƙi nuna fina-finai marasa ƙima ko waɗanda aka ƙima NC-17 . Wadanda ba membobin MPA ba suma za su iya gabatar da fina-finai don ƙima.  Sauran kafofin watsa labarai, kamar shirye-shiryen talabijin, kiɗa da wasannin bidiyo, wasu ƙungiyoyi ne kamar Jagororin Iyaye na TV, RIAA da ESRB, bi da bi.

Tun daga watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1968, [1] bisa ga Dokar Hays ta zamanin sinima na Hollywood, tsarin kimanta MPA yana ɗaya daga cikin tsarin kimanta fina-finai daban-daban da ake amfani da su don taimaka wa iyaye su yanke shawara kan fina-finan da suka dace da 'ya'yansu . Hukumar Rarrabawa da Ragewa (CARA), wani sashe mai zaman kansa na MPA, ne ke gudanar da shi.

## Ƙima

### Matsayin fina-finan MPA
Matsayin fina-finan MPA kamar haka: 

A shekarar 2013, an sake fasalin ƙimar MPA a gani, inda aka nuna ƙimar a kan allon hagu da sunan ƙimar da aka nuna a sama. Babban faifan da ke dama yana ba da cikakken bayani game da abubuwan da ke cikin fim ɗin kuma an sanya bayanin matakin ƙimar a kan sandar kwance a ƙasan ƙimar. 

### Masu bayanin abun ciki
Matsayin fina-finai sau da yawa yana da taƙaitaccen bayani game da takamaiman abubuwan da ke bayan abubuwan da ke cikin fim ɗin da kuma dalilin da ya sa aka ba shi wani matsayi. Ana nuna su a cikin tireloli, fosta, da kuma bayan fitowar bidiyon gida . Ana amfani da bayanin abubuwan da ke cikin ƙimar fina-finai don fina-finan da aka kimanta daga PG zuwa NC-17; ba a amfani da su don fina-finan da aka kimanta daga G ba, saboda abubuwan da ke cikin su sun dace da duk masu sauraro, koda kuwa yana ɗauke da abubuwan da ba a yarda da su ba. 

## Manazarta