Ibn al-Jazari

Abu al-Khayr Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Yusuf al-Jazari (: أبو الخير شمس الدين محمد بن محمد بن علي يوسف الجزري, 26 Nuwamba 1350- 2 Disamba 1429), wanda aka fi sani da Ibn al-Jacari (Arabian: ) yana daya daga cikin fitattun malamai na karni na 15, wanda aka dauke shi babban mai karantawa Alkur'ani. Arabic-language_text" id="mwGQ" rel="mw:PageProp/Category"/>Ya kasance fitaccen malami a fagen qira'at na Alkur'ani wanda al-Suyuti ya dauka a matsayin "mafi girman iko a kan waɗannan batutuwa". Ayyukansa a kan tajwid da *[[Qiraʼat|qira'at]]* ana ɗaukar su na gargajiya. Ya kasance sanannen iko a kimiyyar hadisi, Shari'ar Musulunci, Tarihi, da Larabci.

## Suna
nisba (sunan halayen), *Jazari*, yana nuna asalin daga *Jazirat ibn 'Umar* . 

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Al-Jazari a Damascus a ranar Jumma'a 26 ga Nuwamba 1350 (25 Ramadan 751 AH).  A lokacin da yake dan shekara goma sha biyar ko goma sha shida, ba wai kawai ya koyi dukan Alkur'ani da zuciya ba, har ma da sanannen littafin shari'ar Shafi'ī Tanbīh da ayyuka biyu akan qirā"ah, Shātibiyyah da al-Taysīr. Daga cikin malamansa akwai Shaykh Ibn al-Labbān, Ibn al-Husayn al-Hanafi, da Taqi al-Dīn al-Baghdādi . Ya yi karatun shari'ar Shafi'i a karkashin Jamal al-Din al-Isnawi, Siraj al-Din a-Bulqini, Ibn Raslan, da Abu al-Baqa al-Subki . Malamansa na Hadith sun hada da, da sauransu, Allāmah Ibn Kathīr, Bahāuddīn Amīnī, Ibn al-Muhibb al-Maqdisi, da Ibn Abd al-Karīm al-Hanbali . Masanin, Tāsh Kubrā Zādah ya bayyana cewa, "Ya koyi Hadith daga ƙungiyar malamai".

An lura da Imam al-Jazari da ya haddace Hadiths sama da 100,000, tare da samun iko a Hadith, doka, da qirā'āh. Al-Sakhawi ya ambaci, "Malaman da yawa sun ba shi lasisi don bayar da hukunce-hukuncen shari'a, lacca, da koyar da kimiyyar qirā'ah. "

Ya yi tafiya zuwa Damascus, Makka, Madina, Alkahira, Iskandariya, kuma ya yi nazarin kimiyyar qira'at daga kimanin masana 40. Bayan haka, an zaba shi ya rike matsayin Shaykh al-Qurrā a Damascus. Levant a lokacin lardin masarautar Masar ne. An nada Imam al-Jazari a matsayin shugaban sashen ilimi na al-Jāmi'ah al-Salāhiyyah ta Sultan Barqūq, masarautar Masar. 

An nada shi Qādī (alƙali) na Shām a cikin 797 AH ta hanyar Amīr Altamash, mai mulkin Levant. Koyaya, Imam al-Jazari bai yarda da gwamnati ba kan muhimman batutuwa da suka shafi matsayin shari'a. Bugu da ƙari, babban hukuma ya fara wulakanta shi sakamakon shirin wasu mutanen da ke kishi da shi. Daga karshe ya yanke shawarar komawa daga Damascus zuwa Bursa a Turkiyya ta yanzu. Sanin Imam al-Jazari da kyau, Sarkin Turkiyya, Bayezid I, ya bi da shi da girmamawa da girmamawa. Ya nemi Imam al-Jazari ya zauna a Bursa har abada, kuma Imam al-Gazari ya amince. Sakamakon wallafe-wallafensa da jawabinsa sun fara fitowa bayan haka. Ya kasance babban dukiya ga waɗanda suka yaba da iliminsa, musamman ɗaliban qirā'ah.

Timur ya fara cin nasarar Turkiyya a cikin 805 AH tare da niyyar kifar da gwamnatin Bāyazīd. An kama Bayezid I kuma bayan an tsare shi, Bayezid ya mutu a tsare. Baya ga tara dukiya da dukiya, Timur yana da sha'awar hada manyan hukumomi daga fannoni da kimiyya zuwa mulkinsa a Samarqand. Timur ya shirya Imam al-Jazari da wasu malaman da aka zaba don su bi shi a tafiyarsa. Ya kawo su tare da shi zuwa manyan biranen ilimi na Transoxiana, a tsakiyar sojojin sarauta. Da zarar sun karanta ayyukan da Imam Jazari ya buga, sun fi godiya ga hikimarsa kuma sun gan shi a matsayin babbar albarka. Wannan ya kasance a lokacin da Imam al-Jazari ke ziyartar waɗannan biranen. Timur ya girmama Imam al-Jazari sosai kuma yana da bangaskiya a gare shi. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa Imam al-Jazari an ba shi hangen nesa (kashf), wanda ya ba shi damar ganin wahayin Annabi sallallahu 'alayhi wa sallam a duk lokacin da yake da sha'awa. Ya yi imanin cewa Imam al-Jazari "mutum ne wanda zai fuskanci hangen nesa (Kasf) kuma za a albarkace shi da wahayin Annabi sallallahu __yue____yue____yan____yue__ wa sallam a duk lokacin da yake so. "

Bayan mutuwar Timur a cikin 807 AH, Imam al-Jazari ya yi tafiya ta hanyar Khorasan, Herat, Yazd, da Isfahan a kan hanyarsa zuwa Shiraz. A cikin 808 AH, ya isa Shiraz. Pīr Muhammad, gwamnan Shiraz kuma jikan mahaifin Timur, ya gamsu sosai kuma yana girmama Imam Jazari. Ya ba Imam Jazari izinin zama a Shiraz kuma ya ɗaukaka shi zuwa matsayin Babban Alkalin. A cikin 827 AH, Imam al-Jazari ya bar Shiraz don aikin Hajji bayan ya zauna a can na dogon lokaci. Bayan Hajji, ya yi tafiya zuwa Alkahira, inda malaman da ɗalibai daga wurare masu nisa suka ziyarce shi. A Alkahira, ana iya ganin rundunar Qurrā da malamai, duk suna fatan samun Ijazah daga gare shi. Wani matashi Ibn Hajr al-Asqalani, wanda daga baya zai zama sanannen marubucin Fath al-Bari, yana daga cikin waɗannan kungiyoyin masana. Bugu da ƙari, Imam al-Jazari ya ba da ijāzāt kuma ya ba da darussan kan Musnad Ahmad, Musnad al-Shafi'i, da sauran littattafai. Ibn al-Jazari ya koyar da dalibai da yawa ciki har da Sidi Boushaki (1394-1453) 

Bayan ya dawo Shiraz, Imam al-Jazari ya kafa Dār al-Qur'ān, babban seminary. Ya riga ya kafa makarantar firamare mai suna a Damascus. Wannan seminary wani lokacin ana kiransa "Dār al-Qurrā". Al-Jazari ya mutu yana da shekaru 79 a ranar Jumma'a 2 ga Disamba 1429 (5 Rabi' al-awwal 833 AH) a Shiraz, Iran . An binne shi a cikin ganuwar seminary na Dār al-Qur'ān . 

## Karɓuwa
Daga zamaninsa har zuwa yanzu, babu wanda ya kai matakin Imam al-Jazari a kimiyyar qira'at. Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani ya ce, "Ya rike matsayi mafi girma a duniya a kimiyyar qirā'ah".

Al-Suyuti ya ce: "Lokacin da ya zo kimiyyar qirā"ah ba a iya kwatanta shi da shi a duniya a lokacinsa ba, kuma shi ɗan Hadith ne. "

Al-Shawkani ya ce: "Ba a iya kwatanta shi da kimiyya na qirā"ah a duk duniya".

Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi ya ce: "Daga cikin mutanen da suka fi girma na Islama a karni na 8 sun kasance Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi, Shams al-Dīn Jazari, da Siraj al-Din a-Bulqini. "

## Ayyukan da aka zaɓa
Al-Jazari ya tattara ayyuka sama da 90 a kan *qira'at* (karanta), ḥadīth (al'adun gargajiya), *ta'rīkh* (tarihi) da sauran fannoni. Wadannan sun hada da:

* *Taḥbīr al-taysīr fī qirāʼāt al-'ashr* () 
* Taqrīb al-Nashr fī al-qirāʼāt al-ʻashr
* *Al-Tamhīd fī ʻilm al-tajwīd* () 
* *Ṭayyibat al-nashr fī al-qirāʼāt al-ʻashr* () 
* *Munjid al-Muqriʼīn wa-murshid al-ṭālibīn* () 
* *Ghāyat al-Nihāyah fī Ṭabaqāt al-Qurrāʻ* ( стоя) Lexicon of the Holy Qur'ān's Reciters 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin Ash'aris
* Sauye-sauye Goma
* Masu karatu bakwai

## Manazarta