Maria Deraismes

**Maria Deraismes** (17 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1828 - 6 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1894) marubuciya ce ta Faransa, Freemason, kuma babbar ƙungiyar majagaba don kare hakkin mata.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife ta a birnin Paris, Maria Deraismes ta girma a Pontoise a arewa maso yammacin birnin. Daga iyali mai arziki na tsakiya, ta sami ilimi sosai kuma ta girma a cikin yanayin wallafe-wallafen. Ta rubuta littattafai da yawa kuma nan da nan ta sami suna a matsayin mai magana da yawun sosai. Ta zama mai aiki sosai wajen inganta haƙƙin mata.

A shekara ta 1866 wata kungiya ta mata da ake kira Société pour la Revendication du Droit des Femmes ta fara haduwa a gidan André Léo. Membobin sun hada da Paule Minck, Louise Michel, Eliska Vincent, Élie Reclus da matarsa Noémie, Mme Jules Simon da Caroline na Barrau . An rinjayi Maria Deraismes ta shiga.

Saboda ra'ayoyi masu yawa, kungiyar ta yanke shawarar mayar da hankali kan batun inganta ilimin 'yan mata. A cikin 1870 Deraismes ya kafa L'Association pour le droit des femmes tare da Léon Richer . Ta taimaka wajen tallafawa takardar Richer mai suna Le Droit des femmes . 

Bayan korar Napoleon III, Deraismes ya fahimci sabon siyasar ranar yana nufin matsakaici a karkashin Jamhuriyar ta Uku don mata su tsira kuma ba za a ware su da sabon nau'in dillalai na maza da ke fitowa a lokacin ba. Ayyukan Deraismes sun kawo ta karbuwa a Biritaniya kuma ta zama tasiri ga mai fafutuka na Amurka Elizabeth Cady Stanton, wanda ya sadu da ita a Paris a 1882.

An fara Maria Deraismes a cikin Freemasonry a ranar 14 ga watan Janairun 1882, lokacin da har yanzu yana da wuya a shigar da mace cikin wannan Fraternity. Ta shiga "Les Libres Penseurs" Lodge, na Pecq, wani karamin ƙauye a yammacin Paris. Bayan shekara guda, ita da Georges Martin sun shirya Gidan Masonic wanda ya ba da izinin maza da mata a matsayin mambobi. Daga wannan co-masonic Lodge ya haɓaka Grande Loge Symbolique Ecossaise "Le Droit Humain", wanda ya girma cikin International Order of Freemasonry Le Droit Humaan .

Tare da goyon bayan wasu 'yan mata irin su Hubertine Auclert, Deraismes ya yi aiki don cimma 'yancin siyasa ga mata. Ta tsaya a matsayin dan takara na alama a zaben 1885.

A kan mutuwarta a shekara ta 1894, an binne Deraismes a Kabari na Montmartre . An buga cikakkun rubuce-rubucenta a shekara ta 1895. Ana iya samun bayanai da yawa game da aikinta a Bibliothèque Marguerite Durand a Paris.

Don girmama tunaninta, an sanya mata titin a birnin Paris. Bugu da kari, an gina wani mutum-mutumi a cikin wani karamin wurin shakatawa, Square de Epinettes a cikin 17th arrondissement. An kuma sanya wa filin garin a St. Nazaire suna don girmama ta.

## Littattafai

### Buga na asali

* Ka'idodinmu da halaye, Paris, Michel Lévy brothers, 1868.
* *Tsohon a gaban Sabon*, Paris, Librairie nationale, 1869.
* *Wasika ga limaman Faransa*, Paris, Édouard Dentu, 1879.
* Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a wannan talifin a dandalin www.jw.org/ha.
* Y halitta [Émile Zola da kimiyya, jawabin da Maria Deraismes ya gabatar don amfanin wata ƙungiya don koyarwa a cikin 1880], Paris, Édouard Dentu, 1888, samuwa a .
* *H'u a cikin bil'adama*, Paris, L. Sauvaitre, 1891, ana samunsa a .
* Le Théâtre de M. S, taron da aka gudanar a ranar 21 ga Janairun 1875, a salle des Capucines, Paris, Édouard Dentu, 1875, wanda ke samuwa a .
* Ƙungiy Jama'a game da cin zarafin Vivisection: Magana da Mlle. Maria Deraismes ta yi, a taron da aka bayar a ranar 23 ga Satumba 1883, a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Nations, Paris, A. Ghio, 1884, ana samunsa a . 

* *Cikakken ayyukan Maria Deraismes*
** Volume 1: F da ci gaba; Taron kan masu daraja, Paris, Félix Alcan, Oktoba 1895, ana samunsa a . 
** Volume 2: H'u a cikin bil'adama; 'Yancin Yara, Paris, Félix Alcan, Janairu 1896, ana samunsa a . 
** Volume 3: K'idodinmu da halaye; Tsohon a gaban Sabon, Paris, Félix Alcan, Janairu 1897, ana samunsa a . 
** Littafi na 4: Wasika ga Malaman Faransa; Tattaunawar Addini, 1898. 

### Littattafan zamani

* Eva a cikin bil'adama, labarai da jawabai na Maria Deraismes, Gabatarwa na Yvette Roudy, ed. [Hasiya]  
* Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a wannan talifin a dandalin www.jw.org/ha. [Hasiya]   ISBN&nbsp;
* *Abin da mata ke so, labarai da jawabai daga 1869 zuwa 1894*, ed. [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]   ISBN&nbsp;

## Manazarta

## Tushen
 

## Haɗin waje

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* Dokar Freemasonry ta Duniya ga Maza da Mata, LE DROIT HUMAIN