Yanayin yanayi na Wisconsin

Wisconsin, wata jiha a Midwestern Amurka, tana da babban yanki daban-daban da aka sani da siffofin da glaciers suka kirkira a lokacin Wisconsin glaciation shekaru 17,000 da suka gabata. Ana iya raba jihar zuwa yankuna biyar - Lake Superior Lowland, Northern Highland, Central Plain, Eastern Ridges & Lowlands, da Western Upland. Yankin kudu maso yammacin jihar, wanda ba a rufe shi da kankara a lokacin zamanin kankara na baya-bayan nan, an san shi da Yankin Driftless .  Gilashin Wisconsin ya kafa Wisconsin Dells, Devil's Lake, da Kettle Moraine. Ana kare yankuna da yawa a cikin jihar, gami da Devil's Lake State Park, da Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, da Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest.

Wisconsin has a humid continental climate across the entire state, with four distinct seasons. Temperatures typically range from a high of  in the summer months to a low of  in the winter months. The state is bounded by several rivers—the Mississippi, St. Croix, and Menominee rivers—and lakes Michigan and Superior. Wisconsin has an average elevation of , and is the 23rd-largest in the country, with an area of .

## Wurin da girmansa

Wisconsin is located in the East North Central United States, and is considered to be a part of the Midwest. The state has a total area of , making it the 23rd largest U.S. State. Of this area, 17% is water, primarily Lake Michigan, Superior, and the many inland lakes in Wisconsin.

Wisconsin tana da iyaka da Lake Superior da Michigan zuwa arewa; da Lake Michigan zuwa gabas; da Illinois zuwa kudu; da Iowa zuwa kudu maso yamma da Minnesota zuwa arewa maso yamma. An warware takaddamar kan iyaka da Michigan ta hanyar shari'o'i biyu, duka Wisconsin v. Michigan, a cikin 1935 da 1936.  Yankunan jihar sun hada da Kogin Mississippi da St. Croix a yamma, da Kogin Menominee da Montreal a arewa. Jihar tana cikin Yankin Lokaci na Tsakiya (UTC-6). 

The point farthest from the state border () is about  southwest of Wausau at .

## Yanayin ɗan adam
 
Ya zuwa kididdigar 2020, Wisconsin tana da yawan mutane 5,893,718, kuma ta kasance ta 27 a Amurka a yawan jama'a. cibiyar yawan jama'a tana cikin Green Lake County, a cikin garin Markesan . 

Wisconsin is divided into 72 counties, and has 190 cities, 407 villages, and 1250 towns. Approximately 939,489 residents live in Milwaukee County, making it both the most populous and most densely populated county. Most of its residents live in the city of Milwaukee, which is the most populous city in the state. Madison, in Dane County, is the capital of the state. Dane County has 561,504 residents, making it the second-most populous. Marathon County is the largest in area, having . This county contains the 45°N, 90°W point, one of four points that are halfway between both the poles and equator, and between both the Prime and 180th meridian. The location is noted by a metal ground marker.

## Yanayi

Yawancin Wisconsin suna da yanayin zafi mai zafi (Köppen *Dfb*), yayin da yankunan kudanci da kudu maso yammacin ake rarraba su a matsayin yanayin zafi mai sanyi (Köpp *Dfa*). Mafi girman zafin jiki da aka taɓa yin rikodin a cikin jihar ya kasance a cikin Wisconsin Dells, a ranar 13 ga Yuli, 1936, inda ya kai  ° F (46 ° C). Mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki da aka taɓa yin rikodin ya kasance a ƙauyen Couderay, inda ya kai -55 ° F (-48 ° C) a ranar 2 da 4 ga Fabrairu, 1996. 

Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya kasance daga inci 28 (710  zuwa inci 34 (860 . Har ila yau, jihar tana karɓar babban dusar ƙanƙara na yau da kullun, matsakaicin kusan inci 40 (100  a cikin sassan kudanci, tare da har zuwa inci 160 (410  a kowace shekara a cikin Lake Superior snowbelt a kowace shekara.

## Yankunan ƙasa
 

Wisconsin, wanda ke tsakanin Great Lakes da Kogin Mississippi, gida ne ga siffofi daban-daban na ƙasa. Ana iya raba jihar zuwa yankuna biyar daban-daban - Lake Superior Lowland, Northern Highland, Central Plain, Western Upland, da Eastern Ridges & Lowlands. Lawrence Martin ya kirkiro wannan tsari don raba jihar zuwa yankuna. An bayyana yankuna daban-daban ta hanyar tasirin tasirin kankara a lokacin glaciation na Wisconsin.

A arewa, Kogin Superior Lowland ya mamaye bel na ƙasa kusa da Babban Tafkin.  Yankin fili ne mai lebur, yana gangara a hankali zuwa Tafkin Superior.  Mafi yawan yankin dazuzzuka ne—wanda bishiyar aspen da birch suka mamaye.  Yankin kuma ya haɗa da Tekun Ruwa na Kasa na Apostolic.[1]  A yankin arewa ta tsakiya na jihar, Arewacin Highland yana da gauraye dazuzzuka masu gauraye da katako da suka hada da kadada 1,500,000 (6,100 km2) Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, da kuma dubunnan tafkuna na kankara.  Gabaɗaya filin yana sama da sauran jihar, tare da tuddai akai-akai, kuma ya haɗa da mafi girman matsayi na jihar.mms Hill.

A tsakiyar jihar, Tsakiyar Tsakiya tana da nau'o'in dutse na musamman kamar Dells na Kogin Wisconsin, ban da gonaki masu arziki. Yankin gabaɗaya fili ne mai yashi, wanda Glacial Lake Wisconsin ya rufe da yawa. A kudu maso yamma, Yammacin Upland wuri ne mai tsawo tare da cakuda gandun daji da gonaki, gami da bluffs da yawa a kan Kogin Mississippi. An bayyana yankin ta hanyar tsaunuka marasa daidaituwa, gami da duk Baraboo Range. Yammacin Upland wani bangare ne na Yankin Driftless, wanda ya hada da sassan Iowa, Illinois, da Minnesota. Wannan yanki bai rufe shi da kankara ba a lokacin zamanin kankara na baya-bayan nan, Wisconsin Glaciation . Wannan yanki ya ƙunshi yawancin koguna a Wisconsin, gami da Natural Landmark Cave of the Mounds .  Gundumar Langlade tana da ƙasa da ba a samu ba a waje da gundumar da ake kira Antigo silt loam . 

Yankin Eastern Ridges da Lowlands, a kudu maso gabas, gida ne ga yawancin manyan biranen jihar. Yankin yana yammacin Tafkin Michigan, kuma da farko fili ne, yana gangarowa zuwa tafkin. Duwatsun sun haɗa da Niagara Escarpment, Black River Escarpement, da Magnesia Escarpment . 

## Ilimin ƙasa
 
Wisconsin tana da tsarin geologic da ajiya waɗanda suka bambanta da shekaru daga sama da shekaru biliyan uku zuwa dubban shekaru, tare da yawancin duwatsu suna da miliyoyin shekaru. An halicci tsoffin tsarin geologic sama da shekaru miliyan 600 da suka gabata a lokacin Precambrian, tare da mafi yawan kasancewa a ƙasa da ajiyar glacial. Duwatsun Proterozoic sun samar da yawancin ajiyar Wisconsin na musamman. Yawancin Baraboo Range ya ƙunshi Baraboo Quartzite, da sauran Precambrian metamorphic rock.

A lokacin Pleistocene, manyan kankara sun rufe Wisconsin. Gilashin sun shimfiɗa duwatsu, an sassaƙa dutse, kuma sun ajiye yashi da dutse a wurare da yawa na jihar. Tafkuna da yawa sun kasance sakamakon wannan ƙanƙara da ke zana ƙananan wurare a cikin ƙasa.

Hanyoyi daban-daban sun ratsa Wisconsin. Niagara Escarpment shine mafi tsawo, yana gudana daga New York ta hanyar Ontario, Michigan, Wisconsin, da Illinois. Black River Escarpment yana gudana kusa da Niagara Escarpement . Magnesian Escarpment shine mafi shahara, yana gudana daga arewa zuwa kudu. Dutsen da ke cikin Niagara Escarpment shine dolomite, yayin da gajerun tuddai guda biyu suna da dutse mai laushi.

## Yanayin jiki
Wisconsin tana da iyaka da Kogin Mississippi da Kogin St. Croix zuwa yamma. Jihar tana da koguna da rafi sama da 12,000, jimlar mil 84,000 (135,000  a tsawon.

An sanya sunan jihar ne bayan Kogin Wisconsin mai tsawon kilomita 430 (kilomita 690). An samo sunansa daga yarukan Algonquin na 'yan asalin ƙasar. An fara rubuta sunan a matsayin "Meskousing" ta hanyar Jacques Marquette a cikin shekara ta 1673, amma daga baya masu binciken Faransa suka canza shi zuwa "Ouisconsin" a cikin karni na 18. An sauƙaƙa sunan zuwa "Wisconsin" a cikin karni na 19, yayin da aka yi amfani da shi ga sabon Yankin Wisconsin. Kogin ya samo asali ne a cikin Lac Vieux Desert kusa da iyaka da Upper Peninsula na Michigan . Yana gudana a kudu tare da filin glacial na tsakiyar Wisconsin, kafin ya juya zuwa yamma a Portage kuma ya shiga Kogin Mississippi   kudu da Prairie du Chien. Kogin Baraboo mai ba da gudummawa ne, kuma ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin ruwa mafi tsawo a Amurka.

Green Bay tributary)">Kogin Fox ya samo asali ne a tsakiyar Wisconsin, yana gudana zuwa arewa ta hanyar Tafkin Winnebago,  ya shiga Bay of Green Bay, tare da birnin Green Bay yana bakin sa. Sassan biyu na Kogin Fox sun kai kilomita 182 (kilomita 293),  ƙidaya nisan ta hanyar Tafkin Winnebago yana ba da mil 200 (kilominta 320).  Sunan ya samo asali ne daga fassarar sunan Mutanen Meskwaki, yayin da kogin ke gudana ta cikin yankinsu. Yankin birni na Fox Cities ya haɗa da birane da yawa a gefen kogi.

### Tafkuna

Wisconsin yana da iyaka da Lake Superior a arewa da tafkin Michigan a gabas.[1]  Jihar tana da tafkuna sama da 15,000, jimilla kusan eka miliyan 1 (4,000 km2).  A cikin Wisconsin, Lakes Superior da Michigan jimlar kadada miliyan 6.4 (26,000 km2).[2]  Tare da manyan tafkuna biyu, Wisconsin yana da fiye da mil 500 (kilomita 800) na bakin teku.[3]  Tafkin Winnebago shine mafi girma tafkin cikin kasa, wanda ya kai sama da eka 137,700 (557 km2), da mil 88 (kilomita 142) na bakin teku.  An samo tafkin ne daga tafkin Glacial Oshkosh kimanin shekaru 12,000 da suka wuce.[4]  Tafkin Iblis yana da siffar rectangular, kuma yana da nisa sama da mil daga arewa zuwa kudu, da rabin mil gabas zuwa yamma.[5].  Tafkin Wisconsin tafki ce da ke gefen kogin Wisconsin, kuma tana rufe kadada 1,500 (6.1 km2).

### Tsibirin

Yawancin tsibiran da aka ambata a cikin Wisconsin suna cikin Manyan Tekuna.  Mutane da yawa suna kewaye da Kofar Peninsula a tafkin Michigan, ko kuma wani yanki ne na Tsibirin Manzo a cikin Babban Tafkin. Kogin Mississippi kuma yana da tarin tsibirai a kan iyakar yammacin jihar.  Tafkunan cikin gida da koguna sun ƙunshi sauran tsibiran Wisconsin.  Tafkuna da yawa, gami da tafkin Beaver Dam, Lake Fox, da Lake Winnebago, suna da tsibirai da yawa.  Manyan koguna, kamar Kogin Wisconsin da Kogin Fox, suna da tsibirai da yawa kuma.  Tsibirin Doty, a cikin Kogin Fox, yana da faɗin mil ɗaya kuma tsayinsa mil ɗaya da rabi.[2]  Tsibirin Faransa, a cikin kogin Mississippi a cikin birnin La Crosse, ya ƙunshi yanki mai faɗin murabba'in mil 2.02 (5.2 km2) kuma yana da yawan jama'a 4,207.[3].

Tsibirin Madeline a cikin Lake Superior shine mafi girma daga cikin Tsibirin Manzanni. Al'ummar La Pointe tana kan iyakar yamma, kuma tsibirin gaba ɗaya yana da yawan mutane 302. Tsibirin Washington a cikin Tafkin Michigan yana da mil 7 (11  arewa maso gabashin Ƙarshen Ƙofar. Tsibirin yana da nisan kilomita biyar da nisan mil takwas,  yana rufe yanki na nisan kilomita 23.51 (kilomita 37.84). garin tsibirin Washington ya rufe tsibirin, da kuma tsibirai da ke kewaye da shi, tare da jimlar yawan jama'a 708.

### Ruwa

Kogin Cambrian-Ordovician ba shi da zurfi da farko a ƙarƙashin Wisconsin amma ya kai Illinois, Iowa, Indiya, Minnesota, Missouri, da Upper Peninsula na Michigan. Ana fitar da ruwa daga ruwa kuma ana fitar da shi ta hanyar noma, kasuwanci, da kuma amfani da zama wanda ba zai iya jurewa ba.

## Yankunan da aka kare

Wisconsin tana da wuraren shakatawa na jihar 67, wanda ke rufe fiye da kadada 60,570 (2.1 ), kuma da yawa an san su a cikin ƙasa. Yankin Wasanni na Jihar Chippewa Moraine ya rufe kadada 3,063 (12.40 km2), kuma yana adana wurare masu yawa na kankara. The Ice Age National Scenic Trail yana gudana ta wurin shakatawa. Gidan shakatawa na Devil's Lake yana cikin Baraboo Range, kudu da Baraboo, kuma yana rufe kadada 9,217 (37.30 km2),  yana mai da shi mafi girman wurin shakatawa a jihar.  Gidan shakatawa na jihar ya hada da   Quartzite bluffs kewaye da tafkin, da kuma   na Ice Age Trail. Gidan shakatawa na Interstate ya ƙunshi wuraren shakatawa guda biyu da ke kusa da iyakar Minnesota-Wisconsin. Yankin Wisconsin ya rufe kadada 1,330 (5.4 km2), kuma gefen Minnesota ya rufe kadana 298 (1.21 km2). Gidan shakatawa yana kan *Dalles* na Kogin St. Croix, wani zurfin kwarin basalt. Wyalusing State Park yana a wurin haɗuwa da Kogin Wisconsin da Mississippi, kuma yana rufe kadada 2,628 (10.64 km2).  &nbsp;

Wisconsin kuma yana da yankuna masu kariya a ƙarƙashin kulawar Sabis ɗin Parking na ƙasa. The Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, tare da Lake Superior, wani bakin teku ne na ƙasa wanda ya ƙunshi 21 na tsibirin Manzo, jimlar kadada 69,372 (280.74 km2).[2]  Trail Age Trail hanya ce mai ban sha'awa ta ƙasa da ke rufe mil 1,200 (kilomita 1,900), bin ƙarshen moraine na Wisconsin Glaciation.]  Ƙarshen yamma yana cikin wurin shakatawa na Interstate, kuma ƙarshen gabas yana cikin wurin shakatawa na jihar Potawatomi, tare da bakin kofa.[4]  Hanyar ta ratsa ta cikin 30 na 72 na Wisconsin. Titin kogin Scenic na kasa na Saint Croix yana kare mil 252 (kilomita 406) na kogin St. Croix da Namekagon.[6]

Wisconsin tana da gandun daji da yawa, suna rufe fiye da kadada 471,3 (1,907.40 ).  Jimlar ƙasar da ke cikin gandun daji ta rufe kadada miliyan  (65,000 km2), ko 46%, na yankin ƙasar jihar. Kettle Moraine State Forest">Kettle Moraine State Forest ya rufe kadada 56,000 (230 km2) a yankin kudu maso gabashin jihar. Babban fasalin gandun daji shine Kettle Moraine, wanda aka kirkira a lokacin Wisconsin Glaciation. Akwai gandun daji guda daya da Hukumar Kula da dazuzzuka ta Amurka ke sarrafawa a jihar, Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest. An kafa shi a cikin 1933 a matsayin gandun daji biyu daban-daban, amma an kiyaye shi a matsayin ƙungiya ɗaya tun daga 1998.