Max Coleman

**Max Coleman** (1926 - 16 Janairu 2022) ya kasance mai fafutuka a Afirka ta Kudu kuma tsohon dan kasuwa. Ya wakilci Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka (ANC) a Majalisar Dinkinobho daga 1994 zuwa 1995 sannan ya yi aiki a Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Afirka ta Kudu daga 1995 zuwa 1996. A lokacin wariyar launin fata, Coleman ya kasance memba ne na kafa kwamitin tallafawa iyaye, kungiyar farar hula, bayan an tsare ɗansa saboda ayyukansa na siyasa. Coleman daga baya ya sayar da kasuwancinsa don shirya a madadin kwamitin cikakken lokaci.

## Rayuwa ta farko da aikin kasuwanci
Mahaifin Coleman Bayahude ne na Orthodox, an haife shi a Lithuania amma ya girma a Ireland, kuma mahaifiyarsa Katolika ce ta Irish; An haifi Coleman a 1926, shekara guda bayan sun yi hijira zuwa Afirka ta Kudu. Ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Wits, inda ya kasance mai aiki a siyasa,  kuma ya shafe lokaci a Landan, inda ya kammala digiri na biyu a fannin Injiniyan sunadarai a Kwalejin Imperial.  Bayan ya dawo Afirka ta Kudu, ya kafa kasuwancin sinadarai da daukar hoto mai cin nasara, Photra, wanda ke daukar ma'aikata kusan mutane 500 a lokacin da yake da tsawo. 

## Yunkurin adawa da wariyar launin fata
A cikin shekarun 1950, Coleman da matarsa sun kasance mambobi ne marasa aiki na Majalisa ta Democrat: suna adawa da wariyar launin fata, amma Coleman bai shiga cikin yunkurin adawa da nuna wariyar launinariya ba. Kamar yadda Coleman ya bayyana shi a shekarar 1995, ya zama mai hankali kan siyasa bayan tashin hankali na Soweto na 1976, lokacin da 'ya'yansa maza - sa'an nan matasa da matasa - suka shiga cikin siyasar dalibai kuma "sun fara ilimantar da iyayensu". An tsare ɗansa na fari, Keith, ba tare da an yi masa shari'a ba saboda gwagwarmayarsa a watan Oktoba na 1981 tare da Neil Aggett da sauransu waɗanda suka bayyana a cikin jerin "abokan" masu adawa da wariyar launin fata da Barbara Hogan ta rubuta kuma reshen tsaro na 'yan sanda ya tsayar da su. An gudanar da Keith a John Vorster Square a Johannesburg har zuwa watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1982,  kuma a wannan lokacin Coleman, a cewar ɗayan ɗansa, ya ɗauki tsaro na yau da kullun a waje da ofishin 'yan sanda, yana riƙe da wata alama don nuna rashin amincewa da tsare-tsaren siyasa. 

Har ila yau, a wannan lokacin, Coleman, matarsa, David Webster, da sauransu sun kafa kwamiti, da farko sun hadu a Jami'ar Wits, don iyayen matasa masu fafutuka da aka tsare a cikin hare-haren Oktoba 1981. Uwargidan Argentina na Plaza de Mayo ne suka yi wahayi zuwa gare su, sun kira kungiyar Kwamitin Taimako na Iyaye. Kwamitin ya zama kungiya ta kasa don taimakon shari'a da na kudi, yin korafi, da kuma adana rikodin a cikin bayar da shawarwari ga masu gwagwarmayar adawa da wariyar launin fata da iyalansu, suna girma musamman da sauri a lokacin dokar ta baci ta 1985;   ta kafa hedkwatar a Khotso House a Johannesburg.

Coleman ya sayar da kasuwancinsa kuma, tare da matarsa, ya zama mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam na cikakken lokaci. A shekara ta 1985, ya shiga cikin kafa Kagiso Trust tare da shugabannin Majalisar Ikklisiyoyin Afirka ta Kudu. Da farko ya dogara da goyon bayan Coleman da na Tarayyar Turai, amincewar ta taimaka wajen tallafawa Kwamitin Taimako na Iyaye da kuma shirye-shiryen ci gaba daban-daban. Bayan an dakatar da Kwamitin Taimako na Iyaye, ya jagoranci kungiyar da ta maye gurbinsa, Kwamitin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam, a cikin shekarun 1990.

## Gwamnatin bayan wariyar launin fata: 1994-1996
A zaben farko na Afirka ta Kudu bayan wariyar launin fata a shekarar 1994, an zabi Coleman a matsayin kujerar Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa, Majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu; ya wakilci jam'iyyar da ke mulki, Majalisar Dokokin Afirka (ANC).  Ya bar majalisa a shekarar 1995 lokacin da aka nada shi a matsayin kwamishinan Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Afirka ta Kudu. Koyaya, ya yi murabus daga hukumar a shekara mai zuwa, daga Oktoba 1996, yana mai nuna " dalilai na kansa"; *Mail &amp;amp; Guardian* ta ruwaito cewa ya yi karo da kujerar hukumar, Barney Pityana . 

## Umurnin Luthuli: 2021
A watan Nuwamba na 2021, Shugaba Cyril Ramaphosa ya ba Coleman lambar yabo ta Order of Luthuli a azurfa "saboda gudummawar da ya bayar wajen yaki da 'yanci da inganta' yancin dan adam ta hanyar shiga cikin lobbying ta amfani da kungiyoyin jama'a da cibiyoyin gwamnati". Matarsa ta sami girmamawa a lokaci guda kuma daga baya sun fitar da wata sanarwa ta hadin gwiwa wacce ta soki ANC da gwamnati sosai, ta rubuta:'Yanci da Nelson Mandela da ANC suka yi yaƙi da ƙarfin zuciya, hangen nesa na daidaito, dimokuradiyya ba tare da launin fata ba, a yau kawai haske ne mai haske wanda ya haskaka sosai a ranar 27 ga Afrilu 1994. Kamawa da kuma zalunci sun lalata ba kawai jihar ba, har ma da zukatan da ran ANC. Sun yi ƙoƙari su sace 'yanci, hangen nesa da fatan al'ummar. Ba za a iya bari su yi nasara ba. Dole ne ANC ta kawar da kanta daga masu cin hanci da rashawa, dole ne a mayar da mulkin dimokuradiyya ga aikinta na tarihi don sanya 'yan Afirka ta Kudu na farko.

## Rayuwa da mutuwarsa
A shekara ta 1953, Coleman ta auri Audrey Coleman (née Goldman), 'yar'uwar tsohuwar abokiyar da ke adawa da wariyar launin fata - da farko ta hanyar kungiyar mata Black Sash - ta riga ta mijinta. Suna da 'ya'ya maza huɗu: Keith, Brian, Neil da Colin. Colin Coleman ma'aikacin banki ne kuma Neil Coleman ya kasance jami'in Majalisa na Kudancin Afirka na dogon lokaci kafin ya kafa Cibiyar Adalci ta Tattalin Arziki, wani tanki mai tunani na hagu a Johannesburg . 

Coleman ya mutu a cikin barcinsa a ranar 16 ga Janairun 2022, yana da shekaru 95.  Shugaba Ramaphosa ya yi jawabin bidiyo a wurin tunawa da shi.

## Bayanan da aka ambata