Yaƙin Neman Lead Free Air

An fara **CLEAR, Yaƙin Neman Iska Mai Kyau ta Lead Free Air**, a shekarar 1981 lokacin da wani attajiri mai haƙoran gidaje, Godfrey Bradman, ya ɗauki tsohon mai fafutukar yaƙi da fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi kuma tsohon Daraktan Mafaka, Des Wilson, don samar da man fetur mara gubar zuwa Burtaniya.  Wilson ya gudanar da kamfen ɗin jama'a kuma ya zaɓi Dr Robin Russell-Jones a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan lafiya da kimiyya wanda ba a biya ba. 

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1983, Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution (RCEP) ta wallafa wani rahoto  wanda ya tabbatar da haɗarin gubar ga lafiyar yara, kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa kada a kara gubar a cikin man fetur. A cikin rabin sa'a na rahoton RCEP da aka buga,  Sakataren Muhalli, Tom King, ya ba da sanarwar cewa gwamnati za ta goyi bayan gabatar da man fetur mara gubar, cewa kamfanonin mai za su samar da shi a gaban filin wasa, kuma cewa masana'antun mota za su yi injuna da za su iya amfani da shi. 

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, Wilson ya yi murabus daga CLEAR ya zama Shugaban Abokan Duniya . Daga 1984 zuwa 1989 Russell-Jones ya zama Shugaban CLEAR wanda ya wakilta a kwamitin gwamnati, wato Working Party on Leader in Petrol (WOPLIP).

Bayan cimma burinsa, an rufe CLEAR a hukumance a shekarar 1989. Saboda muhimmancin kamfen ɗin, Laburare na Wellcome, ɗaya daga cikin manyan albarkatun duniya don nazarin tarihin likitanci,  yana da tarin bayanan CLEAR. 

Ana ɗaukar CLEAR a matsayin misali na littafin karatu na yadda ake gudanar da yaƙin neman zaɓe da kuma cin nasara a fannin muhalli.   Duk da cewa ayyukan mai fafutukar neman zaɓe mai ƙwarewa (Wilson) suna da matuƙar muhimmanci ga nasarar CLEAR, ba za ta taɓa cimma burinta ba tare da ingantaccen tushe na kimiyya ba. A ƙarshe ya dogara ne da ƙaramin likita (Russell-Jones) da kuma masanin kimiyya mai daraja (Robert Stephens) waɗanda ke da isasshen kwarin gwiwa a kan hukuncinsu na yin kasada ga sunansu na ƙwararru don neman wata manufa.

Lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da CLEAR, matakin gubar jini da ƙwararrun likitoci suka ɗauka a matsayin mai aminci a Burtaniya shine microgram 35 a kowace deciliter na jini. A shekarar 1991, an rage matakin da Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka ta Amurka (CDC) ta ɗauka mai aminci zuwa 10, amma yanzu CDC ta yarda cewa babu wani matakin aminci kuma ta ayyana matakin sama da 5 a matsayin abin damuwa.

## Bayani
An fara ƙara gubar tetraethyl a cikin fetur a shekarun 1920 a matsayin wakili mai "hana bugawa", wanda hanya ce mai araha ta ƙara ƙimar octane. Ba zai yiwu a yi amfani da masu canza catalytic tare da man fetur mai guba ba saboda gubar tana shafa platinum kuma tana sa mai haɓaka ya yi tasiri. Saboda haka, an shigar da fetur mara gubar a Japan a ƙarshen shekarun 1960, kuma an shiga Amurka a tsakiyar shekarun 1970 domin ba da damar amfani da masu canza catalytic don rage gurɓatar photochemical.

Duk da haka, zuwa shekarar 1979, yayin da ake ci gaba da samun ƙarin shaida game da illolin gubar a kan halayen yara, ci gaban ilimin jijiyoyi da kuma IQ, Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Tsaron Jama'a (DHSS) ta ba da umarnin bayar da rahoto a ƙarƙashin Shugabancin Farfesa Lawther. Rahoton da ya biyo baya, Lead and Health,  ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a rage yawan gubar da ke cikin man fetur daga 0.4 zuwa 0.15&nbsp;g/L, amma babu wani shawarar da aka bayar na shigar da man fetur mara gubar. Kuma babu wani shawarar da aka bayar na rage matakin gubar da aka yi la'akari da shi a matsayin mai lafiya daga microgram 35 a kowace deciliter na jini.

A shekarar 1980, ƙungiyar kare muhalli ta ƙungiyar kare muhalli ta buga wani martani ga rahoton Lawther mai taken "Lead or Health"  wanda Farfesa Derek Bryce-Smith PhD, DSc, C Chem, FRSC, Farfesa a fannin Sinadarin Organic a Jami'ar Reading, da Dr Robert Stephens, PhD, DSc, C Chem, FRSC, Reader a fannin Sinadarin Organic a Jami'ar Birmingham suka rubuta, amma HMG ta ƙi amincewa da kiransu na man fetur mara gubar a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba daga masana'antun motoci da masana'antar man fetur.

## Manazarta