open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ethel Becher

**Dame Ethel Hope Becher**, GBE , RRC & Bar (1867 – 10 ga Mayu 1948) ma'aikaciyar jinya ce 'yar Birtaniya wacce ta yi aiki a Ofishin Yaƙi a matsayin babbar mai kula da ma'aikatan jinya na rundunar Sarauniya Alexandra daga 1910 zuwa 1919.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Ethel Hope Becher a shekarar 1867.   Mahaifinta shine Arthur W. Becher, wani Kanar a rundunar ma'aikatan Bengal .   Ta halarci makaranta mai zaman kanta kuma ta yi horo a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a Asibitin Landan daga 1893 zuwa 1899 a ƙarƙashin Eva Luckes .  

## Sana'a
A shekara ta 1899, ta zama ' yar'uwa mai kula da jinya kuma mai rikon kwarya a lokacin Yaƙin Boer na Biyu, kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta Royal Red Cross saboda aikinta.  Becher tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyar ma'aikatan jinya shida daga Asibitin London waɗanda Eva Luckes da Sydney Holland suka zaɓa musamman bisa buƙatar Princess Alexandra na fita don jinya ga sojoji masu rashin lafiya da waɗanda suka ji rauni a Afirka ta Kudu. 

A shekara ta 1903, an naɗa Becher a matsayin babbar mai kula da ma'aikatan jinya ta Sarauniya Alexandra (daga baya aka naɗa Sarauniya Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps, reshen ma'aikatan jinya na rundunar sojojin Burtaniya, wanda aka kafa ta hanyar sammacin sarauta shekara ɗaya kacal da ta gabata.   An ɗaukaka ta zuwa babbar mai kula da ma'aikatan jinya a shekara ta 1910, inda ta maye gurbin Caroline Keer a matsayin, kuma aka tura ta aiki a Ofishin Yaƙi .  

A matsayinta na babbar mai kula da ma'aikatan jinya, ita ce ke da alhakin ɗaukar ma'aikata da kuma gudanar da dukkan ma'aikatan jinya, kuma ta kula da ma'aikatan jinya da ke aiki a yankuna da dama, ciki har da Macedonia, Malta, Gibraltar, da Faransa.  Becher ya kusa yin ritaya a farkon Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya a 1914, amma ya yanke shawarar ci gaba da aiki.

## Hidima a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya
Ta kula da ma'aikatan jinya sama da 10,000 da kuma mambobi 9,500 na Sashen Agajin Gaggawa na Sashen Taimakon Sa-kai daga 1914 zuwa 1918. [1] An nada ta a matsayin Uwargidan Alheri na Order of Saint John a 1917, kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ga Royal Red Cross a watan Janairun 1918, inda ta zama mutum na farko da ya karɓi kyautar sau biyu. An naɗa ta a matsayin Dame Grand Cross na Order of the British Empire a watan Yunin 1918. [2]

Bayan ƙarshen yaƙin, Becher ta yi murabus daga muƙaminta a matsayin shugabar mata a watan Maris na 1919.  Kafafen yaɗa labarai sun bayyana ta a matsayin " Florence Nightingale ta zamani" kuma sun rubuta cewa "zai yi wuya a ambaci sunan kowace mace da ta taka rawa a babban yaƙin." 

A shekarar 1931, Becher ya kafa Ƙungiyar Kula da Jinya ta United Services, wadda ta shirya bayar da tallafin gwamnati ga ma'aikatan jinya waɗanda suka yi aiki a Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya. 

Ethel Becher ya mutu a ranar 10 ga Mayu 1948. 

## Manazarta
Emily Blair

**Dame Emily Mathieson Blair**, DBE , RRC (12 Janairu 1890 - 25 Disamba 1963) ma'aikaciyar jinya ce ta soja ta Burtaniya kuma mai kula da aikin jinya wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Babbar Jami'ar Kula da Ma'aikatan Jinya ta Rundunar Sojojin Sama ta Gimbiya Mary (1938–43), Kwamitin Yaƙin Haɗin gwiwa (1943–47) da kuma Ƙungiyar Red Cross ta Burtaniya (1947–53). 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Emily Mathieson Blair a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1890 a Boghead, Lenzie, Kirkintilloch, 'yar Mary Ann (née Croll) da Hugh Blair, wani ɗan kasuwa kuma mai kera muslin .   Daga 1912 zuwa 1916 ta yi horo a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a Western Infirmary, Glasgow . 

## Aikin jinya
A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya Blair ya yi aiki tare da Sashen Kula da Ma'aikatan Jinya na Sarauta na Sarauniya Alexandra .  Lokacin da aka kafa Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Royal a 1918, ta koma Sashen Kula da Ma'aikatan Jinya na Sarauta na Royal Force, inda ta zama Babbar Mai Kula da Ma'aikatan Jinya a 1938. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu an ambace ta a cikin wasiƙu . 

A shekarar 1943, an naɗa Blair a matsayin Babban Mai Kula da Kwamitin Yaƙin Hadin Gwiwa. Lokacin da aka wargaza kwamitin a shekarar 1947, Blair ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Mai Kula da Ƙungiyar Red Cross ta Burtaniya har zuwa 1953, kuma yana da alhakin samar da ma'aikatan jinya da aka horar don yin hidima a asibitoci da gidajen da ke kwance. [1] An naɗa ta a matsayin Kwamandan Dame na Daular Burtaniya a ranar 2 ga Yuni 1943, kuma Kwamitin Red Cross na Duniya ya ba ta lambar yabo ta Florence Nightingale a 1947. [2]

## Rayuwa daga baya
Blair ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1953 kuma ya ci gaba da zama memba na Majalisar Red Cross ta Burtaniya har zuwa rasuwarta. Ta mutu sakamakon cutar kansar huhu a ranar 25 ga Disamba, 1963 a wani gidan kula da tsofaffi da ke Landan. 

## Manazarta
Katharine Jones

**Dame Katharine Henrietta Jones** DBE , RRC & Bar (3 ga Fabrairu 1888 - 29 ga Disamba 1967) ita ce Babbar Jami'ar Kula da Ma'aikatan Jinya ta Sarauniya Alexandra (QAIMNS) a mafi yawan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, tana aiki daga 23 ga Yuli 1940 zuwa 1944.

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, ta yi horo a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a Asibitin St Bartholomew da ke Landan, daga baya ta shiga Sabis na Kula da Ma'aikatan Jinya na Sarauniya Alexandra (QAIMNS) a shekarar 1917, wanda ta sake shiga a shekarar 1937. An ambaci Jones a cikin aika saƙonni, yayin da take aiki a Falasɗinu. A shekarar 1938, ta koma Birtaniya inda aka naɗa ta Babbar Mai Kula da Ofishin Yaƙi .

A shekarar 1939, aka ayyana Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu kuma Jones ya tattara QAs sama da 1000 zuwa Faransa don yin aiki tare da Rundunar Sojan Burtaniya (BEF). Tare da Sojojin Burtaniya, QAs sun janye daga Dunkirk a ranar 26 ga Mayu 1940; duk an dawo da su Ingila lafiya. A watan Yulin 1940, yana da shekaru 44, an ɗaukaka Jones zuwa Matron a matsayin Shugaban QAIMNS.

A matsayinta na shugabar QAIMNS, Jones ta rubuta gabatarwar *Grey da Scarlet*, tarin wasiƙu da ƙungiyar Nursing Sisters of the Queen Alexandra's Imperial Military Nursing Service and Territorial Army Nursing Service suka aiko mata daga Faransa, Iceland, Tobruk, Sudan, Eritrea, Gibraltar, Girka, Gabas ta Tsakiya, Arewacin Afirka, Malta, Malaya da Singapore. 

## Mutuwa
Ta rasu a gidan baƙi na St. Mary, Burlington Lane, Chiswick, London, a ranar 29 ga Disamba, 1967.

## Manazarta
Rose Hinchey

**Rose Moore Hinchey**, RRC (21 ga Yuni 1910 - 4 ga Agusta 1981) ma'aikaciyar jinya ce ta farar hula kuma ma'aikaciyar soja ta New Zealand. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Hinchey a Bluff, New Zealand, a ranar 21 ga Yuni, 1910. Ita ce babbar 'ya'ya huɗu na William Hinchey da Henrietta Goetze (wani ɗan Thompson). Iyayenta suna gudanar da Eagle Hotel kuma mahaifinta shi ne magajin garin Bluff.  Hinchey ta halarci Makarantar Bluff da Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Southland . Daga nan ta yi horo a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a Asibitin Kew da ke Invercargill, sannan ta yi horo a Asibitin Alexandra da ke Wellington . 

## Aikin jinya
Bayan kammala karatunta, Hinchey ta yi aikin jinya a wani asibiti da ke Titin Bowen da ke Wellington.  A shekarar 1936, ta yi tafiya zuwa Ingila ta yi aiki a wani asibiti na haihuwa tare da abokin aikinta ɗan ƙasar Southland Charles Read .  

An ba ta aikin reshe na aikin jinya na rundunar sojojin Burtaniya, Sabis na Kula da Lafiyar Sojoji na Sarauniya Alexandra, a shekarar 1937, kuma ta fara jinya a Asibitin Sojoji na Cambridge Aldershot na tsawon shekaru biyu. A watan Janairun 1939, an tura ta zuwa wani asibitin sojoji da ke Bombay (wanda a yanzu ake kira Mumbai), Indiya. [1] A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, ta yi aiki a wasu yankunan yaƙi, kuma bayan yaƙin ta yi aiki a Indiya, Gabas ta Tsakiya, Afirka, Koriya da Malaysia. Ta kai matsayin babban jami'i a shekarar 1949, wanda ta riƙe har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 1965. [2]

## Rayuwa daga baya
Ta koma zama a Wellington, New Zealand, kuma ta rasu a can a ranar 4 ga Agusta 1981.  An nuna lambobin yabo na Hinchey a zauren shiga makarantar sakandare ta 'yan mata ta Southland, kuma sun haɗa da Royal Red Cross da kuma lambar yabo ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ga Koriya . 

## Manazarta
Isabella Jobson

**Isabella Kate Jobson**, ARRC (1878 – 6 ga Yuli 1943) ma'aikaciyar jinya ce 'yar ƙasar Ostiraliya wacce ta yi aiki a Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya . 

## Rayuwar farko da aiki
An haifi Jobson a Clunes, Victoria, a shekarar 1878 ga Christopher Jobson, wani ɗan kasuwa daga Northumberland, Ingila, da matarsa ta biyu Elizabeth Cameron (née McColl), daga Scotland. [1] Ita ce ƙanwar Alexander Jobson . [2] Ta yi karatu a Kwalejin South Melbourne kuma, a shekarar 1893, ta ci jarrabawar shiga Jami'ar Melbourne a fannin algebra, lissafi, lissafi da kuma labarin ƙasa, kuma ta sami lambar yabo a Faransanci. [3] [4] Ta yi horo a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a Asibitin Alfred da ke Melbourne, inda ta haɗu kuma ta zama abokai da Leah Rosenthal ; a ƙarshen 1910, matan biyu sun karɓi ragamar kula da Asibitin Windarra Private da ke Toorak . Sun bar asibiti, da Ostiraliya, tare a watan Disamba na 1915 suka tafi Ingila don yin aiki a Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya . [5]

## Aikin jinya
A Ingila, Jobson da Rosenthal sun shiga Sabis na Kula da Lafiyar Sojoji na Imperial na Sarauniya Alexandra (QAIMNS) kuma a watan Fabrairun 1916 aka tura su Asibitin Sojoji na Baythorpe da ke Nottingham .  A watan Afrilu na wannan shekarar, sun fara aiki a Faransa. An tura Jobson zuwa asibitoci masu zaman kansu da wuraren share mutanen da suka ji rauni kuma sun yi aiki har zuwa Janairun 1919, lokacin da ta yi murabus daga mukaminta. Ta koma Melbourne a watan Mayun 1919, inda ita da Rosenthal suka sake sayen asibiti mai zaman kansa don gudanar da aiki tare. An riga an sanya wa asibitin suna Asibitin St Luke's Private, duk da haka Jobson da Rosenthal sun sake sanya masa suna Vimy House, wataƙila bayan wurin da aka yi Yaƙin Vimy Ridge, ɗaya daga cikin wuraren yaƙi inda ma'auratan suka yi jinya a Faransa a lokacin yaƙin.  Bayan mutuwar Rosenthal a 1930, Jobson ya gudanar da asibitin shi kaɗai.  

An ba Jobson lambar yabo ta Associate Royal Red Cross saboda hidimarta a Faransa.   Ta mutu a Vimy House a ranar 6 ga Yuli, 1943 bayan doguwar rashin lafiya.   An yi jana'izar sirri kuma an binne Jobson a Makabartar Melbourne, Carlton. 

## Manazarta
Helen Gillespie

Brigadier **Dame Helen Shiels Gillespie**, DBE , RRC , QHNS (26 Maris 1898)&nbsp;– 25 ga Agusta 1974) ma'aikaciyar jinya ce ta soja ta Birtaniya, mai kula da ma'aikatan jinya kuma mai kula da ma'aikatan jinya. Ta yi aiki a matsayin babbar mai kula da ma'aikatan jinya ta Royal Army's Queen Alexandra daga 1952 zuwa 1956, kuma 'yar'uwar ma'aikatan jinya ce ta girmamawa ga Sarauniya .

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Gillespie a Edinburgh, Scotland, a ranar 26 ga Maris 1898 ga Isabella ( *née* Dunlop) da John Gillespie. Ta halarci Kwalejin Mata ta George Watson, kafin ta ci gaba da karatun aikin jinya a Western Infirmary da ke Glasgow daga 1921 zuwa 1925. 

## Aikin jinya
A shekarar 1926, Gillespie ta shiga Sabis na Kula da Ma'aikatan Jinya na Sarauniya Alexandra kuma ta yi aiki a Indiya daga 1927 zuwa 1932, sannan kuma daga 1934 zuwa 1939.

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ta yi aiki a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya . Bayan yaƙin, ta yi aiki a Ofishin Yaƙi da Sojojin Burtaniya a Rhine .  An ba ta lambar yabo ta Royal Red Cross a shekarar 1947.

Daga shekarar 1952 har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a ranar 31 ga Yuli 1956 bayan kammala wa'adinta, Gillespie ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Ma'aikatan Jinya na Sarauniya Alexandra (QARANC). An naɗa ta a matsayin 'Yar'uwar Jinya ta Girmamawa ga Sarauniya a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1952, inda ta maye gurbin Dame Anne Thomson . [1]

An naɗa Gillespie a matsayin Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire a shekarar 1954.

## Manazarta
Sheila Greaves

**Sheila Margaret Fox**, GM ( née **Greaves** ; 1 Janairu 1911 - 30 Maris 2005)   ma'aikaciyar jinya ce ta sojojin Burtaniya kuma ta karɓi lambar yabo ta George a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu .

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Sheila Greaves a Leicester, Ingila, a ranar Sabuwar Shekara ta 1911, 'yar Reverend Arthur Greaves da Blanche Greaves ( née . Meadows ).  Tsakanin 1932 da 1936 ta kasance ma'aikaciyar jinya ta gwaji a Asibitin Guy, London, wacce ta cancanci zama ma'aikaciyar jinya mai rijista a jihar a watan Yunin 1936. 

## Aikin soja
Greaves ya shiga aikin jinya na soja na Sarauniya Alexandra (QAIMNS) kuma an naɗa shi ma'aikacin jinya na wucin gadi a watan Janairun 1938.  An ƙara wa ' yar'uwa girma a shekarar 1943. 

Bayan ya yi aiki a Faransa a 1939–1940, Greaves ya yi aiki a Siriya da Gabas ta Tsakiya tsakanin 1941 da 1943 kafin yaƙin Sicily da Italiya a 1943. [1] A 1944 Greaves 'yar'uwa ce mai kula da marasa lafiya a Tashar Kashe Masu Laifi ta 15 (CCS) a kan titin Anzio a Italiya. [2] Tashoshin share masu raunuka guda biyu (Lambobi 2 da 15) da sauran wuraren kiwon lafiya suna cikin iyakokin manyan bindigogi da hare-haren sama na abokan gaba. [3] A ranar 14 ga Maris, sansanin liyafa 200 yards (183 m) nesa da CCS ta fuskanci harin sama. Nan da nan Greaves ya gudu zuwa sansanin liyafar don kula da waɗanda suka ji rauni yayin da hare-haren sama ke ci gaba. Manyan jami'ai sun lura da ayyukanta kuma an ba da shawarar bayar da lambar yabo ta George Medal . [4] Shawarar ta lura cewa:

An amince da shawarar kuma an buga labarin kyautar lambar yabo ta George a jaridar *London Gazette* a ranar 23 ga Maris 1945. 

Bayan yaƙin, Greaves ta ci gaba da aiki a QAIRNS har sai da ta yi murabus a shekarar 1948, jim kaɗan bayan aurenta da Manjo Humphrey Fox na Royal Artillery .  

## Manazarta
Véronique Leu-Govind

**Marie Véronique Leu-Govind** 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Mauritius daga ƙungiyar New Democrats (ND).  Ta yi aiki a matsayin ƙaramar Ministar Fasaha da Al'adu a majalisar ministoci ta huɗu ta Navin Ramgoolam tun daga shekarar 2024.   A ranar 13 ga watan Satumba, 2024, aka naɗa ta shugabar sabuwar Democrats. 

## Manazarta
Carol Kefford

**Carol Margaret Kefford** OBE (an haife **ta** a shekara ta 1958) ma'aikaciyar jinya ce 'yar Birtaniya wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Darakta a Asibiti da kuma Babban Ma'aikaciyar Jinya ta Lafiya ta Nuffield (Mayu 2017–Oktoba 2021) kuma tun daga shekara ta 2017 Kwamandan Kanar na Rundunar Kula da Jinya ta Royal Army (QARANC) na Sarauniya Alexandra .  A halin yanzu ita ce Babbar Jami'ar Kula da Jinya ta HCA Healthcare UK .

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haife ta a shekarar 1958 a St Helens, Merseyside, 'yar Gilbert Henry Poulten (1922-1999) da Margaret *née* Royle, ta yi horo a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a Oxford kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya mai rijista a NHS daga 1976 zuwa 1982 

## Aikin soja
A shekarar 1981, an naɗa Kefford a matsayin Laftanar a Rundunar Kula da Ma'aikatan Jinya ta Sarauniya Alexandra (QARANC) a Yankin da Rundunar Sojojin Sa-kai . 

Ta yi aiki a matsayin Jami'ar Jinya a Rundunar Sojan Burtaniya na tsawon shekaru 20 daga 1982 zuwa 2003.  A farkon aikinta na aikin jinya na soja, an tura ta zuwa Asibitin Sojoji na Cambridge da ke Aldershot a Hampshire . A watan Afrilun 1988, an sake mayar da Kyaftin Carol Poulten daga Ofishin Jakadancin don zama Kyaftin a Rundunar Sojan Sama ta QARANC ( Rundunar Sojojin Yau da Kullum ).  Ta auri Michael Kefford a Hampshire a shekarar 1992.

Daga 2001 zuwa 2003 ta yi aiki a matsayin Laftanar Kanar a Asibitin Field na 202 Midlands RAMC (V), inda ta jagoranci rundunar ma'aikatan jinya 100 a shirye-shiryen zama Asibitin Field na farko na Sojojin Yankin cikin kwanaki 30 tare da gadaje 200 zuwa Iraki. A lokacin aikinta na aikin jinya na soja, an tura Kefford zuwa Hong Kong da Nepal kuma baya ga haka ta yi aiki a fannin daukar ma'aikatan jinya da horar da su.

## Rayuwa daga baya
Ta bar aikin soja a shekarar 2003 don yin aiki a ƙungiyar agaji ta kiwon lafiya ta Nuffield Health,  ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da marasa lafiya a asibitinta da ke Oxford. Daga baya ta yi aiki a Nuffield a fannin shugabancin yanki sannan ta yi aiki a matsayin darektan asibiti na asibitin Nuffield da ke Bristol . Ta ambaci Florence Nightingale da Mary Quant a matsayin waɗanda suka yi tasiri. 

Kefford ta ɗauki matakin jarumtaka na barin Nuffield da aikin jinyarta don cimma burinta na yin tafiya a kan tekun Atlantika da Pacific. A cikin tafiyarta ta shekaru bakwai ta yi tafiya mil 40,000 na ruwa (ko kimanin 7,400) km) daga Trinidad zuwa Ostiraliya. Bayan dawowarta ta sake shiga Nuffield Health a matsayin Darakta na Asibiti kuma Babban Ma'aikacin Jinya, rawar da ta taka daga 2017 zuwa 2021 wanda ya sa ta ɗauki alhakin ingancin kulawar asibiti da aka bai wa marasa lafiyar Nuffield a duk faɗin wuraren kiwon lafiya daban-daban. [1]

## Manazarta
Margaret Purves

**Margaret Purves** GC (née **Vaughan** ; 25 Nuwamba 1934 - 12 Satumba 2021  ) ma'aikaciyar jinya ce 'yar Birtaniya  wacce ta sami lambar yabo ta Albert saboda jarumtaka lokacin tana da shekaru 14 kacal. A shekarar 1971, an dakatar da lambar yabo ta Albert (tare da lambar yabo ta Edward ) kuma an gayyaci duk waɗanda suka sami kyautar don musanya lambar yabo ga George Cross .

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Margaret Vaughan a Cardiff, Wales. Mahaifinta James Boswell Vaughan babban Sufeton 'Yan sandan birnin Cardiff ne, mahaifiyarta kuma Dorothy May Vaughan ( née . Powditch ).

A shekarar 1949, an ba Vaughan lambar yabo ta Albert bayan ta ceci wani ɗan Scout da shugabansa daga wani mummunan teku a bakin tekun Cardiff. An buga sanarwar kyautar a jaridar London Gazette a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1949. [1] Ta zama ɗaya daga cikin 'yan tsirarun masu riƙe da lambar yabo ta Albert. [2]

## An ambaci lambar yabo ta Albert
An karɓe Purves da kyautar adonta daga Sarki George na VI a Fadar Buckingham . An ambaci ambatonta kamar haka:

Vaughan shine mutum na ƙarshe da ya rayu da ya karɓi lambar yabo ta Albert;  an ayyana ta a matsayin kyautar da aka bayar bayan mutuwarta kawai a ƙarshen shekarar 1949. 

Daga jimillar mutane 64 da suka cancanci a musanya lambar yabo ta Albert don George Cross a shekarar 1971, 49 sun karɓi zaɓin, ciki har da Margaret Purves. Sarauniya ta saka mata hannu a George Cross a Fadar Buckingham a shekarar 1974.

## Rayuwa daga baya
Bayan kammala karatunta, Margaret Vaughan ta yi karatun aikin jinya, kuma daga shekarar 1957 ta yi aiki a matsayin jami'a a rundunar ma'aikatan jinya ta Royal Army's Queen Alexandra .  Ta auri Kyaftin John Watt Purves na Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers a Llandaff Cathedral a shekarar 1961, watanni shida bayan ta haɗu da shi a gadon asibiti na soja a Hanover. 

A shekarar 1983 Purves da mijinta suka yi ritaya daga aikin soja suka zauna a Bradford-on-Avon da ke Wiltshire, inda ta yi aiki a majalisun gari da gundumomi har zuwa 1989. Ita ce 'yar takarar Jam'iyyar Referendum a Arewacin Wiltshire a zaben 1997. 

A shekarar 2016, Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa ya sayi hoton Purves ta hannun mai ɗaukar hoto Rory Lewis don tarin hotunansa na dindindin. 

## Manazarta
Leah Rosenthal

**Leah Rosenthal**, MM , ARRC (23 Afrilu 1879 - 4 Oktoba 1930) ma'aikaciyar jinya ce 'yar ƙasar Ostiraliya wacce ta yi aiki a Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya . 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Rosenthal a Melbourne, Victoria, a ranar 23 ga Afrilu, 1879, 'yar Joseph Rosenthal da Martha Avinsky. Ta yi horo a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a Asibitin Alfred da ke Melbourne, inda ta haɗu kuma ta zama abokai da Isabella Jobson . A ƙarshen 1910, matan biyu sun karɓi ragamar kula da Asibitin Windarra Private da ke Toorak . Sun bar asibiti, da Ostiraliya, tare a watan Disamba na 1915 suka tafi Ingila don yin aiki a Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya. 

## Sana'a
A Ingila, Rosenthal da Jobson sun shiga Sabis na Kula da Ma'aikatan Jinya na Sarauniya Alexandra (QAIMNS), kuma a watan Fabrairun 1916 aka tura su Asibitin Sojoji na Baythorpe da ke Nottingham .  A watan Afrilu na wannan shekarar, sun fara aiki a Faransa.  An tura Rosenthal zuwa asibitoci daban-daban da wuraren share mutanen da suka ji rauni kuma ta yi aiki har zuwa Afrilu 1919, lokacin da ta yi murabus daga mukaminta. 

Rosenthal ta koma Melbourne a watan Mayu, kuma ita da Jobson sun sake sayen wani asibiti mai zaman kansa don gudanar da aiki tare. Asibitin an riga an sanya masa suna Asibitin St Luke's Private, duk da haka Jobson da Rosenthal sun sake sanya masa suna Vimy House, wataƙila bayan wurin da aka yi Yaƙin Vimy Ridge, ɗaya daga cikin wuraren yaƙin da ma'auratan suka yi jinya a Faransa a lokacin yaƙin. [1]

A shekarar 1931, Jobson ya ƙaddamar da kyautar shekara-shekara da sunan Rosenthal ga ma'aikatan jinya a Asibitin Alfred, kyautar Leah Rosenthal ga mafi kyawun ma'aikacin jinya na shekara a gidan wasan kwaikwayo. 

## Kyaututtuka
An ba Rosenthal lambar yabo ta soja da kuma ƙungiyar agaji ta Red Cross saboda aikinta a Faransa.  

## Mutuwa
Rosenthal ta mutu a ranar 4 ga Oktoba, 1930.

## Manazarta
Fatim-Zahra Ammor

**Fatim-Zahra Ammor** ko **Fatima-Zahra Ammor** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1967) injiniya ce, mai ba da shawara kuma 'yar siyasa 'yar ƙasar Morocco.  Tun daga ranar 7 ga watan Oktoba, 2021, ita ce Ministar Yawon Buɗe Ido, Sana'o'i da Tattalin Arzikin Zamantakewa da Haɗin Kai ta Morocco a yanzu. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Fatim-Zahra Ammor a Rabat a shekarar 1967 a cikin dangin masana ilimi. Mahaifinta ma'aikacin banki ne, mahaifiyarta kuma marubuciya ce.  Bayan kammala karatun sakandare a Lycée Lyautey da ke Casablanca, ta tashi zuwa Faransa don azuzuwan shiri, sannan ta shiga Makarantar Fasaha ta Ƙasa da ke Paris (ENSTA Paris), inda ta sami digirin injiniya a shekarar 1991. 

## Aiki
Bayan ta dawo Morocco a shekarar 1992, ta fara aikinta na ƙwararru a fannin Talla a Procter & Gamble a ƙarƙashin jagorancin James Michael Lafferty kafin ta shiga ƙungiyar Morocco Akwa Group a shekarar 2001 a matsayin Daraktar Talla kuma memba ta kwamitin zartarwa inda ta yi nasarar gina kamfanoni kusan ashirin masu ƙarfi.  A wannan lokacin, tare da Aziz Akhannouch, ta jagoranci bikin Timitar, bikin kiɗan duniya a Morocco a Agadir, da nufin sake sanya birnin Agadir a matsayin wurin al'adu  A shekarar 2012, ta fara ba da shawara ga manyan jami'ai a fannin tallatawa da haɓaka kasuwanci, wanda hakan ya ba ta damar jagorantar tarurruka da dama na ƙasashen duniya a madadin cibiyoyin gwamnati. Assises de l'Agriculture, Salon du Cheval, Berlin Green Week, da sauransu.  A shekarar 2014, Sarki Mohammed na VI ya naɗa ta a matsayin Kwamishina Janar na Nunin Duniya na Milan (Expo Milano 2015). A ƙarƙashin jagorancinta, rumfar Morocco ita ce ta 5 da aka fi ziyarta a bikin baje kolin ta hanyar karɓar baƙi miliyan 3 cikin watanni 6  A shekarar 2021, ta shiga kwamitin gudanarwa na Société des Boissons du Maroc, wani reshe na Castel Group. 

## Aikin siyasa
Kasancewarta memba a jam'iyyar RNI (National Rally of Independents), ta shiga gwamnatin da Aziz Akhannouch ke jagoranta a matsayin Ministan Yawon Buɗe Ido, Sana'o'in hannu da Tattalin Arzikin Zamantakewa da Haɗin Kai a ƙoƙarin gwamnati na kawo ƙarshen rikicin bayan Covid-19 da kuma sake farfaɗo da yawon buɗe ido na Morocco, wanda shine babban abin da ke ba da gudummawa ga tattalin arzikin Morocco. 

A ranar 7 ga watan Oktoba, 2021, Sarki Mohammed na VI ya naɗa ta a matsayin Ministar Yawon Buɗe Ido, Sana'o'i da Tattalin Arzikin Jama'a a majalisar ministocin Aziz Akhannouch, inda ta gaji tsohuwar minista Nadia Fettah Alaoui.  Yawon Buɗe Ido a Morocco babban tushen samun kuɗi ne da kuɗin ƙasashen waje ga ƙasar, kuma an ba ta amanar sake kunna shi bayan annobar COVID-19. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Fatim-Zahra tana da aure kuma uwa ce ga 'ya'ya biyu. Mijinta babban jami'i ne a wani kamfani na ƙasashen duniya. Ta taɓa zama a Luxembourg tare da mijinta daga shekarun 2017 har zuwa lokacin da ta fara gwamnati a shekarar 2021. 

## Manazarta
Joan Moriarty

Brigadier **Joan Olivia Elsie Moriarty**, CB , RRC , QHNS (11 ga Mayu 1923 &#x2013; 19 ga Yuli 2020) ma'aikaciyar jinya ce ta soja kuma mai kula da aikin jinya ta Burtaniya wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Babbar Darakta/Darakta ta Rundunar Kula da Ma'aikatan Jinya ta Sarauniya Alexandra daga 1977 zuwa 1981.    An yi mata ado da Royal Red Cross a bikin girmama Sabuwar Shekara ta 1977,  kuma ta zama Abokin Aikin Bath a bikin tunawa da Ranar Haihuwa ta 1979 .

Ta rasu a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2020 tana da shekaru 97. [1]

## Manazarta
Sarah Oram

**Dame Sarah Elizabeth Oram**, DBE , RRC (26 ga Disamba 1860 - 26 ga Yuni 1946) babbar mamba ce a Hukumar Kula da Jinya ta Sojoji da kuma Hukumar Kula da Jinya ta Sojojin Sarauniya Alexandra (QAIMNS). Ta yi aiki a matsayin Babbar Mai Kula da Jinya, Mai Kula da Jinya a QAIMNS, kuma an haɗa ta da Rundunar Yaƙin Burtaniya a Faransa daga 1914 zuwa 1915 sannan daga baya ta zama Mukaddashin Babban Mai Kula da Jinya, QAIMNS, a Rundunar Yaƙin Gabashin Bahar Rum daga 1915 zuwa 1919 a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya . 

## Bayani da horo
An haifi Oram a ranar dambe, 1860  a Cirencester, 'yar Samuel Thomas Oram, mai binciken haraji, da matarsa, Sarah Oram, wacce aka haifa a Gibbons. 

Mahaifin Oram ya mutu a Thirsk, Yorkshire a shekarar 1868, kuma Oram ta yi karatu a wata makaranta mai zaman kanta a Landan da kuma Malvern Link. [1] Oram ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta kafin ta fara horar da ma'aikatan jinya a Asibitin London a watan Fabrairun 1884. [2] Oram ta yi horo a ƙarƙashin uwargida Eva Charlotte Ellis Luckes, tsakanin 1884 kuma ta kammala horonta a ranar 22 ga Fabrairun 1886. [3] [4]

## Sana'a
Oram ta shiga Rundunar Kula da Lafiya ta Sojoji (ANS) a matsayin 'Yar'uwar Ma'aikatan Jinya ta Sojoji a ranar 1 ga Mayu 1886 kuma ta yi aiki a Masar na tsawon shekaru 5 daga 1891. A ranar 11 ga Disamba 1896,  Jaridar *London Gazette* ta sanar da cewa an ba ta kyautar Royal Red Cross saboda rawar da ta taka wajen kula da sojojin da ba su da lafiya da kuma wadanda suka ji rauni a yakin Anglo-Sudan, kuma Sarauniya Victoria ta ba ta kyautar a Windsor Castle a ranar 5 ga Maris 1897.    Bayan shekaru 13 a matsayin 'Yar'uwar Ma'aikatan Jinya ta Sojoji, an daukaka ta zuwa matsayin Sufeto a watan Mayu 1899 kuma ta yi aiki a Yaƙin Boer na Biyu a Afirka ta Kudu daga Janairu 1900 zuwa 1902.  An nada Oram a matsayin ungozoma a sabuwar QAIMNS da aka kafa a 1903.   An daukaka ta zuwa Ungozoma ta Shugaba, QAIMNS, Afirka ta Kudu, 1911–1914; Babbar Mai Kula da Ma'aikatan Jinya, Sufeto Janar na Ma'aikatan Jinya QAIMNS, 1911–1914, kuma tana aiki a Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Burtaniya, Faransa, 1914–1915, kafin naɗinta na ƙarshe a matsayin Mukaddashin Babban Mai Kula da Ma'aikatan Jinya a 1915 na Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Bahar Rum.   

An naɗa Oram a matsayin Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire a shekarar 1919 kuma ya saka hannun jari a ranar 10 ga Maris 1920 a Fadar Buckingham .

## Mutuwa
Dame Sarah Oram ta mutu ba tare da aure ba, a ranar 26 ga Yuni 1946 a Kudancin Kensington, Landan, tana da shekaru 85.  An yi jana'izar a Cocin St George, Campden Hill, kuma an kona Oram a wurin ƙona gawawwakin Kensal Green a ranar 1 ga Yuli 1946. 

## Manazarta
Bridget McEvilly

Kanar **Bridget Christina McEvilly**, CBE , ARRC (1946 - 22 Janairu 2024) ma'aikaciyar jinya ce ta rundunar sojin Burtaniya kuma mai kula da aikin jinya wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Darakta a Sabis na Kula da Lafiyar Sojoji da kuma Babbar Jami'ar Kula da Lafiyar Sojojin Sarauniya Alexandra (QARANC).

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi McEvilly a Middlesex, an nada shi a matsayin ma'aikacin jinya na rundunar Royal Army's Queen Alexandra (QARANC) a shekarar 1977, bayan ya taɓa zama ma'aikacin jinya a asibitoci, da sauransu, a Kanada, London, da Tsibirin Falkland .

Daga baya McEvilly ta kasance mai kula da aikin jinya a Ma'aikatar Tsaro, [1] kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Darakta a Ayyukan Kula da Lafiya na Sojoji. An ba ta lambar yabo ta Associate of the Royal Red Cross a cikin lambar yabo ta Sabuwar Shekara ta 1985, [2] kuma an naɗa ta a matsayin Kwamandan Daular Burtaniya a cikin lambar yabo ta Sabuwar Shekara ta 2002. [3]

## Mutuwa
McEvilly ya mutu bayan doguwar rashin lafiya a ranar 22 ga Janairun 2024, yana da shekaru 77. 

## Manazarta
Yasmina Baddou

**Yasmina Baddou** (An haife ta a ranar 23 ga watan Oktoba 1962, Rabat) ‘yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Morocco a Jam’iyyar Istiqlal. Tsakanin shekarun 2007 da 2012, ta riƙe muƙamin Ministar Lafiya a majalisar Abbas El Fassi, kuma ta kasance Sakatariya na Harkokin Iyali a majalisar Driss Jettou.  

Yasmina Baddou ta yi karatu a "Mission laïque française" (*Lycée Descartes na Rabat*) kuma tana da digiri na biyu a fannin shari'a daga Jami'ar Mohammed V ta Rabat, ta yi aiki a matsayin lauya kafin ta fara shiga harkokin siyasa. 

## Iyali
Ita ce 'yar *Aicha Bennani* da Abderrahmane Baddou, jami'in diflomasiyyar Morocco, 'yar siyasa kuma tsohuwar jakadiya kuma tana auren Ali Fassi-Fihri, ɗan'uwan Taieb Fassi Fihri, tsohon ministan harkokin waje na Morocco. 

Goggon mahaifiyarta Aziza Bennani ita ce Sakatariyar Harkokin Al'adu a majalisar ministocin Abdellatif Filali kuma ita ce wakiliyar Morocco a UNESCO a yanzu.

Ɗan uwanta Ali Baddou, abokin gabatarwa ne na *Le Grand Journal*, wani shirin tattaunawa na yau da kullun na tashar talabijin ta Faransa Canal+.

## Duba kuma

* Majalisar ministocin Morocco

## Manazarta
Lily McNicholas

**Lily McNicholas** (16 ga Oktoba 1909 - 5 ga Maris 1998) ma'aikaciyar jinya ce 'yar ƙasar Ireland wadda ta yi aikin sa kai a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu . A ranar 7 ga Agusta 1944, McNicholas ya tsira daga nutsewar jirgin sama na *Amsterdam ;* wani jirgin asibiti da ke jigilar waɗanda suka mutu zuwa Birtaniya daga Normandy, Faransa. An ba da labarin lamarin a kafafen yaɗa labarai    bayan da Jaridar *London Gazette* ta sanar da cewa za a ba McNicholas da wasu ma'aikatan jinya biyu kyautar MBE saboda jarumtar da suka nuna. 

## Shekarun farko
An haifi McNicholas a Kiltimagh, County Mayo, Ireland ga Thomas da Bridget McNicholas. Bayan ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta St. Louis Convent da ke garin, ta bar Ireland a shekarun 1930 don yin karatun aikin jinya a Ingila. 

## Sana'a

Ba a san komai game da aikin jinya na McNicholas ba tun farko, amma a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 1942 aka ba ta kwamiti a matsayin ' yar'uwa (Lamba 246129) a cikin Sabis na Kula da Lafiyar Sojoji na Imperial na Sarauniya Alexandra (QAIMNS).  McNicholas ya shiga kimanin maza da mata 70,000 daga Ireland, waɗanda suka yi aiki a cikin sojojin Birtaniya a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. 

## Nitsewar ''Amsterdam''

Jirgin ruwan Amsterdam yana kan tafiyarsa ta uku a kan hanyarsa ta ketare tashar jiragen ruwa don ɗaukar waɗanda suka mutu a yaƙin da kuma fursunonin yaƙi na Jamus daga Yaƙin Falaise Pocket, lokacin da bala'i ya faru. [1] Akwai labarai daban-daban game da abin da ya sa Amsterdam ta nitse. Wani rahoto na hukuma ya bayyana cewa nitsewar jirgin ta faru ne sakamakon "aikin abokan gaba," [2] kuma an ba da rahotonsa a cikin manema labarai cewa jirgin ya bugi torpedo . Wasu labaran, ciki har da shaidar wani ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa a cikin jirgin, sun yarda cewa jirgin ya bugi wani ma'adinan Jamus. [3] [4]

Tashin hankalin ma'adinan ya lalata rabin jirgin ruwan, inda ya kashe dukkan mutanen da ke cikin ɗakin injin. Yayin da jirgin ke kwance a karye kuma yana nutsewa cikin ruwa, McNicholas ta yi watsi da matsayinta a cikin motar agajin ruwa mai lamba 3, ta koma cikin jirgin don ɗauko mutanen da suka ji rauni daga benen asibiti.  An ruwaito cewa ya ɗauki mintuna takwas kafin jirgin ya nutse, inda aka rasa rayuka 106 ciki har da ma'aikatan lafiya goma. 

An tilasta wa McNicholas tsalle daga jirgin yayin da ya kife. Ba ta iya yin iyo ba, ta 'yi rashin lafiya' kuma kyaftin ɗin jirgin ya taimaka mata a cikin ruwa. Da isowar wani mai yanke jirgin Amurka, an ceto McNicholas daga teku kuma ya ci gaba da ba wa mutanen da suka ji rauni taimakon likita yayin da aka cire su daga ruwan. 

## Manazarta
Louisa Wilkinson

**Dame Louisa Jane Wilkinson**, DBE , RRC ( née **Lumsden** ; 11 Disamba 1889 - 4 Disamba 1968) ma'aikaciyar jinya ce ta soja ta Burtaniya kuma mai kula da aikin jinya wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Babbar Mai Kula da Ayyukan Jinya na Sarauta ta Sarauniya Alexandra daga 1944 zuwa 1948.  Ta kafa Rundunar Jinya ta Sarauta ta Sarauta ta Sarauniya Alexandra, kuma ta kasance shugabar Kwalejin Jinya ta Sarauta . 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An haifi Wilkinson a **Louisa Jane Lumsden** a Sunderland, 'yar wani matukin jirgin ruwa James da Louisa ( née Benskin) Lumsden. Ta yi karatu a Makarantar Bede Collegiate da ke Sunderland da Makarantar Thornbeck Collegiate da ke Darlington . A ranar 20 ga Disamba, 1917, ta auri Kyaftin Robert John Wilkinson na Royal Irish Fusiliers a ofishin rajista na Fulham, amma an kashe shi a fagen daga a Faransa a ranar 2 ga Yuli, 1918.  

Ta mutu a shekarar 1968, tana da shekaru 78, a Crowborough sakamakon bugun zuciya . 

## Aikin jinya
Wilkinson ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na biyu. Lumsden mai shekaru 22 ta fara horon aikin jinya a shekarar 1911 a Royal Infirmary da ke Sunderland . Ta kammala horonta ne kawai lokacin da Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya ya fara a watan Agusta na 1914, kuma nan take ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar ma'aikatan jinya ta Sarauniya Alexandra (QAIMNS). Ta yi aiki a asibitoci a Burtaniya da Malta kafin aurenta a 1917. 

Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Wilkinson ta zama memba na QAIMNS akai-akai, ta fara aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a Burtaniya. A shekarar 1926 aka tura ta Indiya. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, bayan ta dawo Burtaniya, ta zama babbar mai kula da ofishin yaƙi, an ba ta aikin kafa ayyukan jinya don yaƙin. 

A shekarar 1942, Wilkinson ta koma Indiya don shirya ayyukan jinya na sojojin Indiya da cibiyoyin kula da marasa lafiya na wucin gadi tare da matsayin Babbar Shugabar Matron. Ta shirya wani shiri na horar da matan Indiya kan aikin jinya wanda ya haɗa da horo na digiri na biyu kan harkokin kula da jinya. An naɗa ta shugabar matron daga 1944 har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a 1948, kuma bayan ta yi ritaya aka naɗa ta Kwamandan Kanar daga 1948-50. [1] [2]

DWilkinson ta shiga cikin haɗa QAIMNS da Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Sojojin Yankin a shekarar 1948 a matsayin Rundunar Kula da Lafiyar Sojojin Sarauniya Alexandra . Ita ce Kwamandan Gudanarwa na farko har zuwa 1954. Ta kuma kafa Ƙungiyar QARANC. Ta kasance Shugabar Kwalejin Kula da Lafiyar Sojoji ta Royal a 1948. 

## Daraja

* 1919: Lambar Yabo ta Daular Burtaniya 
* 1919: Mataimakin Royal Red Cross (ARRC) aji na biyu.  
* 1941 : Royal Red Cross (RRC) aji na farko  
* 1943: Jami'ar Order of the British Empire (OBE)  saboda aikinta a Indiya. 
* 1946 : Kwamandan Daular Burtaniya (CBE) 
* 1948 : Kwamandan rundunar soji ta Daular Burtaniya (DBE) 

## Manazarta
Rosabelle Osborne

**Rosabelle Osborne**, CBE , RRC (ta mutu a ranar 8 ga Mayu 1958) ma'aikaciyar jinya ce ta soja kuma mai kula da aikin jinya ta Burtaniya. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Babbar Mai Kula da Ofishin Yaƙi a 1924 da kuma Babbar Mai Kula da Aikin Jinya na Sarauniya Alexandra (QAIMNS) daga 1 ga Afrilu 1928 zuwa 1930.

'Yar Dr. JA Osborne ta biyu daga Milford, County Donegal, Rosabelle Osborne ta sami horo a Asibitin Yara na Manchester, Pendlebury, da kuma Asibitin Royal na Bristol . Ta yi aiki tare da QAIMNS daga watan Mayu 1903. Tana aiki a ƙasashen waje a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya a Faransa, Masar, Malta da Salonika.

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Shafin yanar gizo na National Portrait Gallery
* Shafin yanar gizo na QARANC
* Taskar RCN (bincika ta suna)
* ''Jaridar Landan''
Janet Pilgrim (Officer na Sojojin Burtaniya)

Manjo **Janet Pilgrim**, RRC   (an haife ta  1966) tsohuwar ma'aikaciyar jinya ce ta rundunar sojojin Burtaniya wacce aka ba ta lambar yabo ta Royal Red Cross a 2008 saboda ayyukanta a Iraki.  Sarauniya Victoria ce ta kafa Royal Red Cross a 1883 saboda aiki na musamman a fannin aikin jinya na soja.  

A matsayinta na kwamandan asibitin filin jirgin sama na sansanin sojin sama na Basra a lokacin yaƙin da ta yi da Sojojin Mehdi, ta jagoranci asibitin filin jirgin saman Birtaniya mafi cunkoso tun bayan Yaƙin Falklands . Asibitin da kanta ya fuskanci suka mai tsanani a lokuta da dama. [1]

Ta yi karatu a Kwalejin King's da ke Landan kuma ta kasance memba a Rundunar Ma'aikatan Jinya ta Sarauniya Alexandra . Ta yi aiki a Bosnia da Kosovo, kafin a tura ta zuwa Basra, daga baya kuma ta jagoranci asibitin sansanin da ke sansanin Bastion, Afghanistan . *Mujallar Cosmopolitan* ta zaɓe ta a matsayin *mace mafi kyau a shekarar* 2008. 

## Manazarta
Maud McCarthy

**Dame Emma Maud McCarthy**, GBE , RRC & mashaya , DStJ (22 Satumba 1859 - 1 Afrilu 1949) 'Yar'uwa ce mai kula da jinya kuma babbar mai kula da sojojin Burtaniya .

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi McCarthy a Sydney, New South Wales, Ostiraliya, ɗan fari ga William Frederick McCarthy, lauya, da matarsa haifaffen Sydney, Emma Mary à Beckett. McCarthy ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Springfield, Sydney, kuma ta ci jarrabawar kammala karatun sakandare ta Jami'ar Sydney da girmamawa. Bayan mutuwar mahaifinta a 1881, ta taimaka wa mahaifiyarta wajen renon 'yan'uwanta maza da mata. 

## Aikin jinya
A shekarar 1891, McCarthy ta je Ingila, kuma a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 1891, ta shiga Asibitin London, Whitechapel, don fara horar da ma'aikatan jinya gabaɗaya a matsayin mai gwajin gwaji. Ta yi horo a ƙarƙashin Eva Luckes tsakanin 1891 da 1893.   Bayanan asibiti sun bayyana cewa "tana da halin kirki sosai" kuma "tana kama da mace kuma tana sha'awar aikinta" duk da cewa "ta ga yana da wuya ta sarrafa wasu, ko kuma ta ɗauki mataki mai ƙarfi idan ya zama dole". Duk da haka, an ƙara mata matsayi zuwa 'yar'uwa a watan Janairu 1894.  

McCarthy ta kasance 'yar'uwa mai kula da sashen kula da mata na Sophia a lokacin barkewar Yaƙin Boer na Biyu, kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan'uwa mata shida da Gimbiya Alexandra ta zaɓa daga Asibitin Landan don zuwa Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin 'yan'uwanta mata masu kula da "soja". Bayan ta yi murabus daga asibiti a ranar 25 ga Disamba, 1899, McCarthy ta yi aiki da kyau a tsawon 1899-1902 tare da Rundunar Kula da Ma'aikatan Jinya ta Sojoji, inda ta sami lambar yabo ta Sarauniya da Sarki da kuma Royal Red Cross . Da ta dawo Ingila a watan Yulin 1902, Sarauniya Alexandra ta ba ta lambar yabo ta musamman. Daga nan ta shiga cikin kafa Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikatan Jinya ta Soja ta Sarauniya Alexandra, an ƙara mata matsayi a cikin aikin a watan Fabrairun 1903 kuma a cikin shekaru bakwai masu zuwa ta zama uwargidan Asibitin Soja na Cambridge da ke Aldershot, Asibitin Netley da Asibitin Soja na Sarauniya Alexandra da ke Millbank . A shekara ta 1910 aka naɗa ta babbar uwargida a Ofishin Yaƙi, mukamin da ta riƙe har zuwa lokacin da Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya ya ɓarke. 

McCarthy ta yi tafiya a cikin jirgin ruwa na farko da ya bar Ingila tare da membobin Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Burtaniya (BEF), suka isa Faransa a ranar 12 ga Agusta 1914. A shekarar 1915 aka naɗa ta a Abbeville a matsayin babbar shugabar BEF a Faransa da Flanders, tana kula da dukkan yankin daga Tashar Ruwa zuwa Bahar Rum, duk inda ma'aikatan jinya na Burtaniya da ƙawayenta ke aiki; ita ce ke da alhakin kai tsaye ga Babban Hedkwatar. A watan Agusta 1914, adadin da ke hannunta ya kai 516; a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya sun haura 6,000. Ita ce ke da alhakin kula da ɗaruruwan dubban waɗanda suka mutu daga 1914 zuwa 1918. [1]

## Rayuwa ta sirri
McCarthy ba ta taɓa yin aure ba, kuma ta mutu a gidanta da ke Chelsea, Landan a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 1949, tana da shekaru 89. An rataye wani hotonta na pastel na Austin Spare a Gidan Tarihi na Yaƙin Daular . A shekarar 2014 an girmama ta da sanya wani allo mai launin shuɗi a gidanta na Chelsea. 

## Manazarta
Katherine Watt

**Dame Katherine Christie Watt**, DBE , RRC , CStJ (31 ga Agusta 1886 - 1 Nuwamba 1963) ma'aikaciyar jinya ce ta soja ta Burtaniya, mai kula da aikin jinya kuma ma'aikaciyar gwamnati.

Watt ta kammala horon aikin jinya na gaba ɗaya a asibitin Western Infirmary Glasgow. Ta kammala horon aikin ungozoma a Asibitin Middlesex da ke Landan. 

Watt ta yi aiki a Sashen Kula da Lafiya na Soja na Sarauniya Alexandra a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, da kuma Sashen Kula da Lafiya na Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Gimbiya Mary a lokacin yaƙin basasa . Ta kasance Babbar Mai Kula da Sashen Kula da Lafiya na Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Royal Air Force daga 1930 zuwa 1938, kuma ta yi aiki a Ma'aikatar Lafiya a lokacin da kuma bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu . [1] [2] A matsayinta na Babbar Jami'ar Kula da Lafiya daga 1941 zuwa 1948, ta kasance mai himma a cikin shirye-shiryen sabuwar Sashen Lafiya na Ƙasa (NHS). [1] [3] Watt ita ce Babbar Jami'ar Kula da Lafiya ta farko da aka naɗa a Ma'aikatar Lafiya a Ingila. Ta fara aiki a Ma'aikatar a matsayin Babbar Mai Kula da Lafiya na Gaggawa a 1939. Daga nan ta zama Babbar Mai Ba da Shawara kan Kula da Lafiya a 1948. Ta yi ritaya a 1950. [4]

A wannan matsayin ta ziyarci ƙasashe da dama ta hanyar gayyatar halartar tarukan jinya da kuma musayar ra'ayoyi da abokan aikinta. Daga cikin waɗannan sun haɗa da Siriya, Lebanon, Iran, Indiya, Pakistan, Ceylon (Sri Lanka), Masar, Ostiraliya da New Zealand. 

## Daraja
A ranar 3 ga Yuni 1930, an ba Watt kyautar Royal Red Cross (RRC) "don girmamawa ga sadaukarwa da ƙwarewa da aka nuna a asibitocin Royal Air Force a gida da kuma a Iraki".  A cikin bikin tunawa da ranar haihuwar Sarki na 1935, an naɗa ta a matsayin Kwamandan Order of the British Empire (CBE). 

A bikin tunawa da ranar haihuwar Sarki na shekarar 1945, an ɗaukaka ta zuwa Kwamandan Dame na Daular Burtaniya (DBE) domin girmama aikinta a matsayin Babban Jami'in Kula da Jinya, kuma ta haka aka ba ta sarautar mace .  A watan Yulin 1959, an naɗa ta Kwamandan Daular St John (CStJ). 

A shekarar 1949, an ba Watt lambar yabo ta Florence Nightingale ta kungiyar agaji ta duniya. 

## Manazarta
Anne Thomson

Brigadier **Dame Anne Thomson**, DBE , RRC ma'aikaciyar jinya ce ta soja ta Birtaniya, mai kula da ma'aikatan jinya kuma mai kula da ma'aikatan jinya. Ta kasance Babbar Mai Kula da Ma'aikatan Jinya na Sarauniya Alexandra (QARANC) daga 1948 zuwa 31 ga Janairu 1949, kuma Daraktar Ayyukan Jinya na Sojoji daga 1 ga Fabrairu 1949 zuwa 1952. Dame Helen Gillespie ta gaje ta.  

Anne Thomson ita ce jami'ar farko ta Sabis na Kula da Lafiyar Sojoji na Sarauniya Alexandra da ta kai matsayin birgediya a rundunar sojojin Burtaniya, wanda ta yi a shekarar 1950. Shekaru huɗu bayan haka, an naɗa ta a matsayin Kwamandan Kanar na QARANC a ranar 12 ga Disamba 1954. Ta kuma riƙe muƙamin 'Yar'uwar Kula da Lafiya ta Sarki (KHNS). [ ana buƙatar ambato ]

## Manazarta
Ethel L. M. Thorpe

**Ethel Lily May Thorpe** OBE (1908 - Disamba 4, 2001) ma'aikaciyar jinya ce 'yar Burtaniya-Kanada.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Thorpe kuma ta girma a Norwich, Ingila.  A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar'uwa mai kula da jinya ga sojojin Burtaniya . 

## Sana'a
Bayan yaƙin, an naɗa Thorpe Matron na Asibitin Gundumar da ke Shanghai, China.  Daga baya ta yi tafiya zuwa Jamaica inda ta kafa shirin horar da ma'aikatan jinya na tabin hankali.  A shekarar 1950, an naɗa ta Matron na Asibitin Bellevue, Jamaica.  Thorpe ta kuma zauna a Majalisar Kula da Ma'aikatan Jinya ta Jama'a ta Jamaica.  Domin girmama gudummawarta, ta sami lambar yabo ta 1956 Order of the British Empire . 

A shekarar 1962, Ofishin Kanar ya tura Thorpe zuwa Jamaica don taimaka musu samun 'yancin kai.  A shekarar 1963, Thorpe ta yi ƙaura zuwa Kanada don ɗaukar matsayin Mai Ba da Shawara kan Aikin Jinya na Hukumar Sanatorium ta Manitoba .  Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da asibitoci biyar. 

A shekarar 1974, ƙungiyar cututtukan tarin fuka da numfashi ta Kanada ta karrama ta a matsayin mamba a rayuwarta. [1] Bayan 'yan shekaru, ta sami lambar yabo ta azurfa ta Sarauniya Elizabeth II ta 1977 [2] kuma Kwamitin Duniya na Ƙungiyar Red Cross ya ba ta lambar yabo ta Florence Nightingale ta 1981. [3]

Thorpe ya mutu a ranar 4 ga Disamba, 2001. 

## Manazarta
Marion Leane Smith

**Marion Leane Walls** ( née **Smith** ; 1891 &#x2013; 24 Janairu 1957) ma'aikaciyar jinya ce 'yar asalin ƙasar Australiya-Kanada. Ita kaɗai ce mace ' yar asalin ƙasar Australiya da aka sani da ta yi aiki a Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya .    Smith 'yar asalin Ingila ce da Darug ; kakarta, Lucy Leane, 'yar asalin mutanen Cabrogal ce.  

## Shekarun farko
An haifi Smith a Liverpool, New South Wales, ga Elizabeth da George William Smith a 1891.  Kakar Smith ta nemi Hukumar Kare 'Yan Asalin NSW ta nemi jirgin kamun kifi a 1893.  Smith ta ƙaura tare da iyalinta zuwa Kanada tun tana ƙarama.  

## Aikin jinya
Smith ta yi horon aikin jinya a Asibitin New England da ke Massachusetts, kafin ta koma Kanada a shekarar 1913 don shiga ƙungiyar ma'aikatan jinya ta Victorian da ke Montreal .  Ta yi aiki da Sabis na Kula da Ma'aikatan Jinya na Sarauniya Alexandra a shekarar 1917.  A lokacin, ya yi wa mata 'yan asalin ƙasar Australiya wahala su sami horon da ake buƙata don shiga, don haka ba a san cewa babu wani ma'aikacin jinya na asalin 'yan asalin ƙasar da ya yi aiki a rundunar sojojin Australiya ba.  

Smith ta yi aiki da Jirgin Ambulance mai lamba 41 a Faransa.  An tsara jiragen motar asibiti don jigilar sojojin da suka ji rauni daga layin gaba zuwa asibitocin sojoji, kuma an san su da mawuyacin yanayi don yin aiki.   Duk da haka, Smith ta shahara; mai kula da ita ta lura cewa "Aikinta yana gudana cikin sauri da inganci. Tana da ƙwarewa sosai a kowace hanya".  Bayan kammala kwangilar jirgin motar asibiti, Smith ta fara zuwa Italiya tare da Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Italiya sannan ta tafi Asibitin Yaƙin Jami'a da ke Southampton, Burtaniya. 

Smith ya koma Kanada a shekarar 1919 ya auri tsohon soja Victor Walls. [1] Ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Trinidad, inda Walls ta yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Kwalejin Naparima ; Smith ya rubuta waƙar makarantar kuma ya ƙirƙiri wurin kwana. [1] A lokacin barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, Smith ta yi aiki a matsayin kwamandan farko na Red Cross a tsibirin, da kuma jagorantar Majalisar Ma'aikatan Jinya; saboda hidimarta, daga baya aka ba ta lambar yabo ta musamman a fannin Yaƙi . [1] [2] Sun koma Kanada a shekarar 1953. [3] Smith da Walls suna da ɗa ɗaya, an haife su a lokacin da suke a Trinidad. Smith ya mutu a Blackville, New Brunswick, a ranar 24 ga Janairu 1957. [4]

## Manazarta
Nellie Spindler

**Nellie Spindler** (10 ga Agusta 1891 - 21 ga Agusta 1917)  ma'aikaciyar jinya ce wacce aka kashe a lokacin Yaƙin Passchendaele . Ita ce ɗaya daga cikin mata 'yan Birtaniya biyu da suka mutu a Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya da aka binne a Belgium  kuma ita ce mace ɗaya tilo da aka binne a cikin maza sama da 10,000 a Makabartar Sojoji ta Lijssenthoek . 

## Rayuwa
An haifi Nellie Spindler ga Elizabeth Snowdon da George Kealey Spindler a Wakefield, Yorkshire . Mahaifinta sajant ne na 'yan sanda, kuma daga baya sufeto, a rundunar 'yan sandan birnin Wakefield .

Spindler ta shiga aikin jinya a shekarar 1911 a Asibitin City Fever, Wakefield kuma ta yi horo a Asibitin Leeds Township daga 1912 zuwa 1915.  Ta shiga Sabis na Kula da Lafiyar Sojoji na Sarauniya Alexandra (QAIMNS) a watan Oktoban 1915. Don shiga Sabis na Kula da Lafiyar Sojoji na Sarauniya Alexandra, ya zama dole a zama mara aure ko kuma ba a daɗe da yin bazawara ba, a kammala horo na shekaru uku a asibiti da Ofishin Yaƙi ya amince da shi kuma a kasance sama da shekaru 25; Spindler tana da shekaru 24 kacal a lokacin da ta yi rajista. A kan fom ɗin neman aikinta, ta ce shekarar haihuwarta ita ce 1889 maimakon 1891. Yana yiwuwa wannan kuskure ne, amma wataƙila ta ɓoye ainihin shekarunta don ta bayyana cewa ta isa ta yi hidima. 

## Sana'a
Bayan an karɓe ta a QAIMNS, daga 10 ga Nuwamba 1915 zuwa 24 ga Afrilu 1917, ta yi aiki a Asibitin Sojoji na Whittington, Lichfield. A can aka ayyana ta a matsayin wacce ta cancanci yin aiki a ƙasashen waje. A watan Mayu 1917, ta yi tafiya zuwa Faransa ta yi aiki a Babban Asibiti na 2 a Le Havre a Somme kafin a mayar da ita zuwa Tashar Kashe Farashi ta 44 (CCS) wacce ta koma Brandhoek, Belgium, a watan Yuli 1917. Wannan CCS ta ƙware a raunukan ciki, ƙirji da cinya waɗanda ke buƙatar magani cikin gaggawa don haka aka ajiye ta kusa da layin gaba. Duk da cewa tana da nisan mil uku daga layin gaba, Brandhoek tana cikin jerin manyan bindigogin Jamus, kuma tare da gefen jirgin ƙasa da wuraren harsasai na Jamus ana kai hare-hare akai-akai.

A ranar 21 ga Agusta 1917, an jefa bam a kan CCS kuma da ƙarfe 11:00 na safe harsashi ya bugi Spindler tare da wasu ma'aikatan jinya huɗu waɗanda suka yi rauni a cikin nakuda. Ta mutu bayan mintuna 20 a hannun Sister Minnie Wood, 'yar'uwar da ke kula da ita. A cikin wani gidan wasiƙa, Sister Kate Luard  ta tuna:

## Manazarta