Richard Ravitch

**Richard Ravitch** (7 ga Yuli, 1933 - 25 ga Yuni, 2023) ɗan siyasan Amurka ne kuma ɗan kasuwa wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin gwamnan New York daga 2009 zuwa 2010. Gwamnan New York David Paterson ne ya nada shi a matsayin a watan Yulin 2009. Dan asalin Birnin New York, ya kammala karatu daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Yale kuma ya yi aiki a kasuwancin ci gaban dukiya na iyalinsa, wasu mukamai da gwamnati ta nada, gami da Kamfanin Ci gaban Birane na Jihar New York da Hukumar Kula da Sufuri ta Metropolitan,  da kuma masana'antu masu zaman kansu, gami le zama a matsayin shugaban Bankin Tattalin Arziki na Bowery da kuma a matsayin babban wakilin mai shi a tattaunawar ma'aikata na Major League Baseball.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Ravitch a ranar 7 ga Yuli, 1933, ga dangin Yahudawa a Brooklyn, Birnin New York, ɗan Saul (d. 1952) da Sylvia (née Lerner, d. 1974) Ravitch[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Mahaifinsa ya kasance co-kafa kamfanin HRH Construction Corporation, wanda daga ƙarshe ya girma ya sami ofisoshi a New York, Los Angeles, Washington, DC, da Puerto Rico. Kamfanin ya fara gini a Manhattan a ƙarshen karni na sha tara. A shekara ta 1965, ta gina ayyukan da suka kai dala biliyan 1, ciki har da Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Columbia, Asibitin Jami'ar New York da gidaje masu tsada da yawa (kamar yadda San Remo da Beresford suka nuna, duka biyu a Central Park West). [8] Ravitch ya kasance memba na ƙarni na uku na iyalin don gudanar da kamfanin.

Ravitch ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Oberlin da Jami'ar Columbia, inda ta sami digiri na farko a Tarihin Amurka tare da girmamawa na Phi Beta Kappa daga wannan ma'aikatar a shekarar 1955. Daga nan ya sami Juris Doctor daga Yale Law School a shekara ta 1958. Ya yi aiki a cikin Sojojin Amurka na ɗan gajeren lokaci bayan kammala karatunsa daga Yale da auren 1960 ga Diane Silvers .  

## Ayyuka
Bayan kammala karatunsa da aikin soja, Ravitch ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Ayyukan Gwamnatin Majalisar a Washington, DC, da kuma Hukumar Jihar New York kan Ayyukan Gwamnati na Birnin New York.  Ya shiga kasuwancin iyalinsa, HRH Construction, a cikin 1960.  Ya mayar da hankali ga ayyukan gidaje masu karamin karfi da matsakaici, kuma wasu sanannun abubuwan da ya samu sune Waterside Plaza, Riverbend, da Manhattan Plaza, duk a Manhattan. Wasu daga cikin ayyukan da ya yi aiki a kai an gina su ne a karkashin Shirin Gidajen Mitchell-Lama . Ya kuma gina ayyukan gidaje na farko a Washington, DC, tare da James H. Scheuer . 

Shugaba Lyndon Johnson ya nada Ravitch a Hukumar Amurka kan Matsalar Birane a shekarar 1966, kuma an zabe shi shugaban Majalisar Gidaje da Shirye-shiryen Jama'a (CHPC)  a shekarar 1968. A shekara ta 1975 gwamnan Jihar New York Hugh Carey ya nada Ravitch a matsayin shugaban Kamfanin Ci gaban Birane na Jihar Nework. Ravitch ne ke da alhakin ceton kudaden kungiyar, wanda Carey ya gano kusan ba shi da kuɗi. Bayan ya yi nasara a sake tsarawa, Ravitch ya kawo wani Shugaban kasa, yayin da yake riƙe da matsayin shugaban da ba a biya shi ba. Ravitch ya sayar da HRH Construction, kasuwancin iyalinsa, a cikin 1977.

Carey ya sake zabar Ravitch don babban nadin a 1979, a matsayin shugaban Hukumar Kula da Sufuri ta Metropolitan. Carey ya nuna sha'awar ci gaba da albashi na shekara-shekara a $ 15,000, yadda ya kamata yana buƙatar duk wanda ya ɗauki aikin ya zama "mai arziki mai zaman kansa ko yana da kasuwanci wanda bai buƙatar cikakken hankalinsa ba". An amince da Ravitch don aikin, kuma bai yarda da albashi don aikinsa ba. An bayyana shi da jefa kansa "a cikin aikin ba tare da kulawa ba", sake fasalin tsarin, gina Metro-North Railroad daga wasu layin da ke akwai, da inganta dangantakar ma'aikata. Ya kasance shugaban M.T.A. a lokacin yajin aikin zirga-zirga na kwanaki 11 na Birnin New York na 1980, yana karɓar barazanar mutuwa; a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1981, wani mai gadi ya ji rauni a wani harbi a waje da ofishin Ravitch da wani makami. An sanya Ravitch a matsayin mai tsaron jiki kuma ya fara sa rigar da ba ta da harsashi a wasu abubuwan da suka faru a jama'a kuma an ba da tsaro ga iyalinsa. Ya jagoranci M.T.A. har zuwa 1983.  

### Mataimakin Gwamna na New York
Bayan wani Eliot Spitzer prostitution scandal">abin kunya a farkon shekara ta 2008, Gwamnan New York Eliot Spitzer ya yi murabus daga mukamin gwamna daga ranar 17 ga Maris, 2008, kuma mataimakin gwamna, David Paterson, ya zama gwamnan New York. Tun da yake babu wani tanadi don cika ofishin mataimakin gwamna idan akwai gurbi,  shugabannin Majalisar Dattijai na jihar ne suka cika shi a kan wani mataki. A lokacin rikicin shugabancin Majalisar Dattijai ta Jihar New York na shekara ta 2009, a cikin ƙoƙari na karya rikice-rikicen majalisa, Paterson ya nada Ravitch zuwa matsayin Mataimakin Gwamna na New York. Ravitch, wanda kawai ya cika shekaru 76 a ranar da ta gabata, an rantsar da shi a matsayin Mataimakin Gwamna a karfe 8:45 na yamma a ranar 8 ga Yuli, 2009, yayin cin abincin dare a Peter Luger Steak House a Brooklyn.

A cikin shekara ta 2012, Ravitch ya jagoranci kungiyar Crisis na Kasafin Kudi tare da Paul Volcker . Rahoton Ravitch-Volcker, wanda ya sake nazarin ƙarfin kasafin kudi na jihohi shida na Amurka, ya ce ana buƙatar ƙarin lissafin kuɗi na alhakin gwamnati kuma ya yi gargadin cewa ikon gwamnatocin jihohi don biyan buƙatu daban-daban zai ƙara cikawa ta hanyar ci gaban kashe Medicaid da alkawuran ritaya ga ma'aikatan jihar sai dai idan an sake fasalin tsare-tsaren kasafin kuɗi.