Samar da Rogo a Najeriya

Cassava (Manihot esculenta) samar da shi yana da mahimmanci ga tattalin arzikin Najeriya saboda kasar ita ce babbar mai samar da kayan a duniya. Ana samar da amfanin gona a cikin jihohi 24, daga cikin 36, na kasar. A cikin 1999, Najeriya ta samar da tan miliyan 33, yayin da shekaru goma bayan haka, ta samar da kimanin tan miliyan 45, wanda shine kusan kashi 19% na samarwa a duniya. Matsakaicin amfanin gona a kowace hekta shine tan 10.6.

A Najeriya, samar da maniyyi yana da kyau a matsayin amfanin gona da aka tsara. Yana da ingantaccen ninkawa da kuma sarrafa hanyoyin don kayan abinci da abincin shanu. Akwai fiye da nau'ikan cassava 40 da ake amfani da su. Ana sarrafa Cassava a cibiyoyin sarrafawa da yawa da masana'antun kirkirar da aka kafa a sassa daban-daban na ƙasar.

## Tarihi.
Asalin amfanin gona ne na Kudancin Amurka, an gabatar da shi a kudancin Najeriya a lokacin Cinikin bayi da masu mulkin mallaka na Portugal suka karu a karni na sha shida. Koyaya, muhimmancinsa ga ƙasar ya sami haɓaka a ƙarshen ƙarni na goma sha tara lokacin da yawancin 'yan Najeriya da suka kasance bayi suka koma ƙasarsu kuma suka gabatar da dabarun sarrafawa. A cikin shekaru, ya zama babban amfanin gona na tattalin arziki kuma ya kai matsayin mafi girma a duniya tare da rikodin samar da tan miliyan 34 kuma amfanin gona ne mai matukar muhimmanci ga mutanen Najeriya.

## Fitarwa.

A Najeriya, samar da maniyyi yana da kyau a matsayin amfanin gona da aka tsara. Yana da ingantaccen ninkawa da kuma sarrafa hanyoyin don kayan abinci da abincin shanu. Akwai fiye da nau'ikan cassava 40 da ake amfani da su. Kodayake ana samar da amfanin gona a cikin 24, daga cikin jihohi 36, na kasar,  samar da maniyyi ya mamaye kudancin kasar, duka dangane da yankin da aka rufe da kuma manoma da yawa da ke shuka amfanin gona. Shuka yana faruwa a lokacin shuka hudu a cikin yankuna daban-daban na muhalli. Manyan jihohin Najeriya da ke samar da maniyyi sune Anambra, Delta, Edo, Benue, Cross River, Imo, Oyo, da Rivers, kuma zuwa ƙarami Kwara da Ondo.

A cikin 1999, Najeriya ta samar da tan miliyan 33. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2000, matsakaicin amfanin gona a kowace hekta ya kasance tan 10.6.

Ana shuka cassava a ko'ina cikin shekara, yana mai da shi ya fi dacewa da amfanin gona na yam, wake, ko wake. Yana nuna ikon musamman don daidaitawa da canjin yanayi,  tare da haƙuri ga ƙarancin haihuwa na ƙasa, juriya ga yanayin fari, kwari, da cututtuka, da kuma dacewa don adana tushensa na dogon lokaci a ƙarƙashin ƙasa koda bayan sun girma. Amfani da taki yana da iyaka, kuma ana shuka shi a kan ƙasashe masu lalacewa. Girbi na tushen bayan dasa ya bambanta daga watanni 6 zuwa shekaru 3.

Yankin da ke riƙe da noma a Najeriya yana tsakanin hekta 0.5-2.5 (1.2-6.2 kadada), tare da kusan 90% na masu samarwa su ne ƙananan gonaki. Don kara yawan samarwa, an haɓaka nau'ikan cassava da yawa waɗanda ke da tsayayya da annoba; samarwa a cikin ƙasar tana da matsala ta hanyar matsaloli tare da ƙwayoyin kore, cassava Mealybug, da tsutsa mai yawa. Cututtukan da ke shafar amfanin gona na cassava sune cututtukan mosaic, ƙwayoyin cuta, anthracnose, da lalacewar tushen.

## Shiga tsakani na gwamnati.
Da yake son inganta wadatar kai, gwamnati na son inganta amfani da maniyyi yayin rage shigo da shinkafa da alkama. Dangane da shirin shugaban kasa na Najeriya na watan Yulin shekara ta 2002, an ba da shawarar kara girman yankin da ake noma da man shanu zuwa hekta miliyan 5, a ƙarshen shekara ta 2010, tare da hasashen amfanin shekara-shekara na tan miliyan 150, wanda ya haifar da fitar da dala biliyan 5. Wani sabon abu da aka karɓa shine gabatar da man shanu mai wadataccen bitamin A. Gwamnatin tarayya ta Najeriya ta kaddamar da wani aiki don gabatar da nau'ikan cassava mai goyon bayan Vitamin A ga manoma miliyan 1.8 a kasar.

Shirin Shugaban kasa na 2002, da tsohon shugaban kasa, Olusegun Obasanjo, ya yi a kan garin cassava, duk da haka, an sake shi har ma kafin magajinsa, Shugaba Umaru Musa Yar' Adua ya kai ga balaga. 

Mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Shugaban kwamitin shugaban kasa kan shirin shirin Cassava a karkashin mulkin Cif Olusegun Obasanjo, wanda kuma ya ninka sau biyu a matsayin Shugaban, Sabon Hadin gwiwar Ci gaban Afirka na Pan African Cassava Initiative, Mista Boma Angar, ya yi jayayya cewa rashin iya tallafawa manufofin Cassava tare da lissafin majalisa wanda zai tsira daga kowane gwamnati shine abin da ya kashe shirin Obasanjo.

Boma Angar da Hon. Kwamishinan Noma, Jihar Ogun, Engr. Ayo Olubori suna da ra'ayi mai karfi cewa sabon shirin FG Cassava na Shugaba Goodluck Jonathan zai sha wahala iri ɗaya da tsohon sai dai idan aka goyi bayan dokar majalisa.

Cassava, wanda ke da wadataccen starch a cikin nau'in carbohydrate, yana da amfani da yawa. Ana cinye shi a cikin nau'ikan da aka sarrafa da yawa, a cikin masana'antu da kuma a matsayin abincin dabbobi. Tushen ko ganye ana yin su cikin gari. Furen yana da nau'o'i uku, rawaya garri, fari garri, ko launi na tsakiya, tare da rawaya garris da aka dauka a matsayin mafi kyawun samfurin a Najeriya. Sauran samfuransa suna kamar bushewar starch, glue ko adhesives, gyaran starch a cikin magunguna kamar dextrins, a matsayin kayan aiki, a matsayin starch na masana'antu don hakowa, da kuma sarrafa abinci.

## Dubi kuma.

* Samar da Yam a Najeriya

## Manazarta.

* Halin da Fata don Cassava a Najeriya, ta S. O. Adamu