Umm al-Barahin

**Umm al-Barahin** (_language" id="mwCw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Arabic language" typeof="mw:Transclusion">Arabic), wanda aka fi Sunni da **al-'Aqida al-Sanusiyya al-Sughra** (Arabic) 'The Short Sanusiyya). [[Note 3]<span class="cite-bracket">]</span><span class="cite-bracket">]</span> Masanin Maghribian ne ya rubuta shi, [Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Sanusi (d. 895/1490).  [Lura 3] Aikin yana da niyyar samar da tushe mai mahimmanci, tushen shaida ga addinin Islama ('aqidah). Duk da taƙaitaccen ta, tana cike da ka'idojin tauhidi masu yawa kuma ta kasance babban rubutu a makarantun tauhidi na Islama a duk faɗin Duniyar Musulmi na ƙarni zuwa yanzu. Sunansa, "Uwar Tabbacin," ya samo asali ne daga rawar da yake takawa a matsayin tushen tushe da kuma tarin hujjoji masu ma'ana a cikin addinin Islama.

An dauki aikin a matsayin taƙaitaccen al-'Aqida al-Wusta [ar] (Matsayin Tsakiya) da al-'Aquida al-Kubra [ar] [Manyan Addini) ta al-Sanusi. Ya ƙunshi mahimman ka'idojin da aka samo a wasu manyan ayyukan tauhidi, duka masu tsawo da gajeren lokaci. Al-Sanusi ya bayyana ka'idar a hanya mai sauƙi don sauƙaƙe ɗalibai na yau da kullun su haddace shi kuma su fahimta. Saboda bayyanarsa da cikakkiyar fahimta, an karɓi rubutun a matsayin koyarwar hukuma a duk faɗin Malay Peninsula. Koyaya, Syed Daudilah ya ce "ko da yake aikin Umm al-Barahin ƙarami ne, muhawara da yake gabatar a gaban mai karatu suna da zurfi kuma suna da falsafa sosai".

A cikin sharhinsa game da *Umm al-Barahin*, al-Sanusi ya kafa wani muhimmin fasalin aikin: ƙaryataccen tsari da ma'ana na ƙungiyoyin falsafa da tauhidi waɗanda suka karkatar da al'adun Sunni. An tsara sharhi a kan tabbacin tabbaci mai kyau ga imanin Sunni, amma kowane tabbacin yana aiki ne a matsayin karyata ga ra'ayoyin adawa. Babban burinsa shine:

Tasirin *Umm al-Barahin* ya wuce duniyar da ke magana da Larabci. A Yammacin Afirka, ya zama mafi girman imani tsakanin malaman Fulani, waɗanda suka fassara shi zuwa Fulfulde kuma suka ɗauki ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da muhimmanci. Har ila yau, ya kai ga Kudu maso gabashin Asiya, inda aka fassara shi zuwa rubutun Malay-Jawi sau da yawa kuma ya zama tushen "Sifat Dua Puluh" (Halin Goma) koyarwar da ta zama a yankin. Bugu da ƙari, an fassara shi da wuri zuwa cikin yarukan Turai, gami da Jamusanci (1848), Faransanci (1896), Italiyanci (1901), da Ingilishi (1930), wanda ya jawo hankalin ilimi.

## Mawallafin
 
Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Sanusi (832 - 895 AH / 1428 - 1490 AZ) ya kasance sanannen masanin ilimin Arewacin Afirka daga abin da ke yanzu Aljeriya. Ya kasance lauyan Maliki, masanin tauhidi na Ash'ari, kuma masanin Sufi kuma mai sihiri, wanda aka fi sani da gudummawarsa ga addinin Islama ('aqīdah) da tauhidin (kalām), tare da ayyukansa suna da daraja sosai a cikin addinin Sunni, musamman a cikin al'adar Ash'ari.

Wani rubutun Javanese na hasken al-Sanusi a kan kansa, *Umm al-Barahin*, ya bayyana marubucin a matsayin "hasken mai tsarki muhaqqiqin (masu bincike) ". Wannan bayanin ya dace da kimantawar malaman kamar Farfesa na Masar  , wanda ya dauki al-Sanusi a matsayin mafi mahimmancin masanin Ash'ari na Arewacin Afirka bayan Ibn Tumart. Madkur ya lura cewa al-Ash'ari, al-Baqillani, da al-Juwayni sun rinjayi al-Sanusi. A sakamakon haka, aikin al-Sanusi ya haɗu da ra'ayoyin waɗannan masu tunani na baya.

Game da halin al-Sanusi da ƙwarewar ilimi, masanin Masar Ahmad Muhammad al-Suhaymi ya bayyana shi kamar haka: 

## Abun ciki da tsari
Aikin ya fi mayar da hankali ne ga mahimman ka'idojin addinin Islama, musamman mayar da hankali kan wanzuwar Allah (Allah), hadin kai da halayensa, annabci, da sauran mahimman ka-dayoyi. Addinin ya bi hanyar daidaitawa, yana haɗa matani na addini da hujjoji masu ma'ana. Rubutun yana da taƙaitaccen amma mai zurfi, an tsara shi a hanyar da ta dace tare da mahallin da ƙaddara, yana mai da shi mahimmin rubutu a cikin tsarin ilmantarwa na gargajiya na Islama, musamman a Arewa da Yammacin Afirka. An dauke shi ƙofar zuwa zurfin nazarin tauhidin, sau da yawa ana bin ƙarin sharhin ci gaba.

### Epistemology da tushe mai ma'ana
Al-Sanusi ya shirya hukunce-hukuncen tunani[Note 4] a cikin rukuni uku: 

# **Bukatar** (*Wajib*): Wanda rashin wanzuwarsa (ƙaryatawa) ba zai yiwu ba.
# **Ba zai yiwu ba** (*Mustahil*): Wanda wanzuwarsa (a tabbatar da shi) ba zai yiwu ba.
# Mai yiwuwa (*Ja'iz*): Wanda wanzuwarsa (daidaitawa) da rashin wanzuwarsa ("ƙaryatawa") daidai ne.

## manazarta