Rashin Betty Jean Owens

Betty Jean Owens''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1940) mace ce ta Afirka ta Amirka wacce fararen maza uku da wani farin yaro mai shekaru 16 suka yi mata fyade a Tallahassee, Florida a shekarar 1959.  Shari'arta ta kasance mai mahimmanci a Florida, da kuma Kudu gaba ɗaya, tunda an sami fararen maza da ke da alhakin laifi kuma kowannensu ya sami hukuncin rai da rai saboda laifukansu. Shari'ar Owens ta ja hankalin mutane ga cin zarafin jima'i a Kudu da fararen maza suka yi wa mata da 'yan mata baƙi, laifuka da galibi suna zuwa tare da hukunci kaɗan ko babu. Alal misali, a cikin yanayin Recy Taylor, wanda fararen mutane shida suka yi wa fyade a Alabama a 1944, ba a taɓa samun mutanen da laifi ba kuma an sake su daga kurkuku tare da ƙananan tarar. ==

## Harin
A ranar 2 ga Mayu, 1959, fararen maza uku, William Collinsworth, Patrick Scarborough, da David Beagles, tare da Ollie Stoutamire, wani farin yaro mai shekaru 16, sun tashi tare don neman mace don cin zarafin jima'i. Sun kusanci mota a Jake Gaither Park dauke da bindigogi da bindigogin. Patrick Scarborough ya danna bindigarsa a kan hanci na direban Afirka na Amurka kuma ya umarci mazauna su fita daga cikin mota. 'Yan Afirka hudu na Afirka sun fito daga motar, maza biyu da mata biyu. Dukkanin mutane huɗu da ke cikin motar dalibai ne a Jami'ar Florida A&amp;amp;M (FAMU). Scarborough ya tilasta wa baƙar fata maza biyu su durƙusa a ƙasa, kuma David Beagles ya riƙe mata baƙar fata biyu a wuka. Scarborough ya umarci baƙar fata, Richard Brown da Thomas Butterfield, su tafi kuma sannu a hankali suka tafi.

Matan baƙar fata biyu da suka rage a hannun fararen maza huɗu sune Edna Richardson da Betty Jean Owens . Edna Richardson ta tsere daga maza kuma ta gudu zuwa wani wurin shakatawa da ke kusa, ta bar Betty Jean Owens kadai tare da maharanta. Beagles ya yi alkawarin sakin ta ne kawai idan ta yi abin da suke so ta yi. Sun kai ta gefen gari sannan suka yi mata fyade sau bakwai. Edna Richardson da sauran ɗalibai maza biyu sun sami damar komawa motansu kuma sun tafi ofishin 'yan sanda na yankin don ba da rahoton abin da ya faru da su. Jami'in da ke aiki a wannan dare shine Joseph D. Cooke Jr., mai shekaru 19. Abin mamaki ga mutane da yawa, ya kira don tallafawa kuma ya nemi Owens. Jami'in ya hango motar maharan kuma an bi shi. A ƙarshe, ƙungiyar ta ja motansu kuma ana iya jin kukan Owens daga motar. An ɗaure ta kuma an rufe ta a kan allon bene na baya.

An kama maharan guda huɗu kuma aka kai su kurkuku. Ba su dauki kama su da muhimmanci ba kuma sun yi ba'a da juna a kan hanyar zuwa kurkuku. Dukansu sun yi ikirarin rubuce-rubuce game da sace Owens da bindiga da kuma yi mata fyade.

Owens ya yi ciki da fyade. Jami'ai sun taimaka wajen shirya mata don samun zubar da ciki a New York.

## Halin da aka yi wa fyade
Bayan daliban FAMU sun ji labarin harin da aka kai wa Owens, wani karamin rukuni ya shirya tafiya da makamai zuwa zauren gari. Wannan tafiya mai dauke da makamai zai nuna alamar kariya ga mace baƙar fata tare da bindigogi yayin da fararen suka kare mace. Sauran shugabannin dalibai sun yi jayayya da tafiya mai dauke da makamai kuma a maimakon haka sun shirya zanga-zangar "Unity". Dalibai ɗari goma sha biyar sun shiga Lee Auditorium don neman adalci ga Owens, kuma shugabannin ɗalibai sun sanar da cewa za su nemi gwamna don "gudu da gaggawa da rashin son kai". Kashegari, sama da dalibai dubu sun taru tare da alamomi da addu'o'i waɗanda aka watsa su ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai. Yawancin waɗannan ɗalibai sun haɗa abubuwan da suka faru da wasu batutuwa a cikin gwagwarmayar 'yancin baƙar fata, kamar batutuwan rarrabewa a Little Rock, Arkansas">Little Rock, Arkansas. Wadannan dalibai sun ɗaga hotuna tare da al'amuran daga Little Rock wanda ya karanta, "Allahna Yaya Za mu iya ɗaukar Wannan". Ko da BBC ta watsa shirye-shiryen zanga-zangar daliban FAMU. A sakamakon shahararren kafofin watsa labarai, zanga-zangar dalibai, da barazanar kauracewa azuzuwan, Alkalin W. May Walker ya kira babban juri a cikin zaman na musamman a ranar 6 ga Mayu, 1959.

## Shari'ar
Fiye da baƙar fata 200 sun shiga kotun a wannan rana don kallon shari'ar. Wata ma'aikaciyar jinya ta bi Owens saboda har yanzu tana shan magani don raunin da kuma baƙin ciki. Dukkanin wadanda ake tuhuma guda huɗu sun ce ba su da laifi, abin mamaki ga masu kallo a cikin kotun. An tsare wadanda ake tuhuma guda huɗu don jiran shari'a ba tare da beli ba.

Halin game da shari'ar ya bambanta tsakanin shugabannin baƙar fata. Ella Baker, darektan Kudancin Kudancin Kirista, ta ji cewa shaidar da ke cikin shari'ar ta kasance mai ƙarfi sosai cewa juriya ba za ta iya kasa yanke hukunci ba. Elijah Muhammad, shugaban Al'ummar Islama, ya ce masu fyade huɗu sun lalata "budurwa na 'ya'yanmu mata". Bugu da ƙari, ya bayyana cewa "Kotu don adalci ba zai amfana da komai ba... Mun san cewa babu adalci a ƙarƙashin tutar Amurka. " The Pittsburgh Courier ya rubuta cewa shari'ar za ta ƙare da rashin laifi, kodayake shari'ar ta kasance "kamar yadda shari'ar zata iya zama". Bayan tuhumar masu kai hari huɗu, Martin Luther King Jr., ya yaba wa ɗaliban FAMU masu zanga-zangar. Sarki ya bayyana cewa sun ba da "bege ga dukkanmu waɗanda ke gwagwarmaya don mutuncin ɗan adam da daidaito".

A ranar 12 ga Yuni, 1959, Betty Jean Owens ta ba da shaida a madadin kanta a gaban shaidu 400. Ta sake ba da labarin abubuwan da suka faru na harin ga juriya dalla-dalla. Ta gaya wa juri, "Na ji tsoro sosai, amma babu wani abu da zan iya yi da maza huɗu, wuka, da bindiga ... Ba zan iya yin komai ba sai abin da suka ce. Lauyoyin kare sun yi aiki tuƙuru don tabbatar da cewa Owens ya yarda da harin kuma sun yi jayayya cewa idan fyade ya faru da cewa da ta sami mummunan rauni. Likitocin da suka kula da Owens sun gaya wa juri cewa raunin da ta samu ya haifar da zama a asibiti na kwana biyar kuma tana cikin mummunan yanayi. Owens ta shaida cewa ba ta iya amfani da kafa ɗaya da hannu ɗaya na kwanaki da yawa a asibiti. Lokacin da masu gabatar da kara suka kwantar da hankalinsu, lauyoyin kare sun yi iƙirarin cewa jihar ta kasa yin komai sai dai ta tabbatar da jima'i ya faru kuma ta nemi a yanke hukunci na wankewa. Alkalin Walker ya musanta karar kuma an shirya kare su dawo washegari don gabatar da shari'arsu.

Masu kare sun yi iƙirarin cewa wadanda ake tuhuma sun bugu kuma ba za a yarda da ikirarin da suka yi ba. Koyaya, a ƙarƙashin jarrabawar giciye, David Beagles ya yarda cewa ikirarinsa na son rai ne. Masu karewa sun yi ƙoƙari su gabatar da mutanen a matsayin masu daraja kuma ba za su iya aikata irin wannan mummunan laifi ba, kuma sun nuna Owens a matsayin Jezebel, wanda saboda haka ba za a iya yi masa fyade ba. Lokacin da yunkurin da suka yi na lalata Owens ya gaza, sai masu kare suka tattauna game da matsalolin da ake tuhuma. An kashe mahaifiyar Scarborough lokacin da yake dan shekara bakwai kuma mahaifinsa ya kashe kansa a wannan shekarar. Stoutamire, wanda mahaifiyarsa ta mutu a lokacin haihuwa, tana da nakasa ta hankali, kuma masu karewa sun yi jayayya cewa yana da "rashin iyawar tunani kuma saboda haka ba zai iya tunani mai tsanani ba. " Collingsworth ma yana da nakasa kuma ba shi da ilimi.

A cikin jimlarsa ta ƙarshe, Lauyan Jihar William D. Hopkins ya bar batun yanke hukunci har zuwa juri, amma ya nemi su yi la'akari da abin da zai faru da baƙar fata huɗu waɗanda suka sace wata farar mace da bindiga kuma suka yi mata fyade sau bakwai. Ya ce Owens tana da rai ne kawai tun lokacin da ta miƙa wuya ga bukatun wadanda ake tuhuma.

Masu juriya sun karanta hukuncin da babbar murya: "mai laifi tare da shawarwari don jinƙai". Da juriya ba ta ba da shawarar jinƙai ba, waɗanda ake tuhuma za su fuskanci hukuncin kisa. Maimakon haka, sun fuskanci kowane lokaci na shekaru da matsakaicin rayuwa a kurkuku. Mai kula da juriya A. H. King, mai arziki mai shuka, ya ce shi da sauran masu juriya ba su yi imani da cewa wadanda ake tuhuma suna da laifi ba kuma akwai "babban bambanci" tsakanin Scarborough da Stoutamire. Game da dalilin da ya sa suka ba da shawarar jinƙai ga duk wadanda ake tuhuma guda huɗu, ya ce "babu wani zalunci da ya shafi" kuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa shawarar za ta kasance iri ɗaya "idan wadanda ake tuhumar sun kasance Negroes huɗu".  Sakamakon ya haifar da fushi, tare da yawancin baƙar fata na yankin da suka yi imanin cewa ya kamata a yanke wa akalla biyu daga cikin manya da ake tuhuma hukuncin kisa. 

 Alkalin Walker ya jinkirta yanke hukunci na kwanaki 15 kuma ya tura wadanda ake tuhuma hudu zuwa gidan yarin Jihar Florida, yanzu Union Correctional Institution. A ranar 15 ga Yuni, 1959, Alkalin Walker ya yanke musu hukuncin rai da rai a kurkuku. Ya gaya wa wadanda ake tuhuma cewa sun aikata "wani laifi mai ban tsoro kuma a cikin mummunan yanayi," kuma sun kasance "da farin ciki cewa juriya ta ba da shawarar jinƙai. " A karkashin dokar Florida, wadanda ake tuhumar za su cancanci samun salula a cikin watanni shida, duk da cewa matsakaicin lokacin da aka yi shi ne shekaru 10. Bayan yanke hukunci, Owens ta gaya wa manema labarai cewa da farko ta ji tsoron cewa alƙalin zai kasance mai sauƙin kai: "Bayan juriya ta ba da shawarar jinƙai, na yi tunanin cewa ɗayan ko biyu daga cikinsu na iya zama marasa ƙarfi kuma sauran za su sami gajeren lokaci, "in ji ta. "Kuma wannan shine dalilin da ya sa na ji tsoro ... na ji za su dawo su yi min wani abu"."Ina jin daɗi yanzu a karo na farko tun lokacin da ya faru. A karo na farko, ina jin lafiya. "

## Shekaru na baya
Dukkanin wadanda suka kai hari kan Owens an sake su. Uku daga cikinsu za su koma kurkuku bayan sun aikata ƙarin laifuka.

An saki Ollie Stoutamire a shekarar 1965. A cewar wata kasida ta jarida ta Fabrairu 2011, har yanzu yana da rai kuma yana zaune a Grand Ridge, Florida. Wani labari na watan Disamba na 2012 ga wani mutum mai suna Roy Stoutamire wanda aka haife shi a Tallahassee ya bayyana cewa Roy yana da ɗan'uwa mai suna Ollie wanda har yanzu yana da rai a watan Disamba 2012.  Ollie Stoutamire, wanda ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga matasa a Marianna, Florida,  shine kadai daga cikin masu fyade huɗu da ba su aikata wani laifi ba.  Bayan an sake shi a shekarar 1967, Patrick Scarborough ya kasance a ciki da waje daga kurkuku har zuwa 1993, lokacin da aka kama shi saboda yunkurin kisan kai. A shekara ta 1994, an yanke wa Scarborough hukunci kan yunkurin kisan kai na biyu. An yanke masa hukuncin shekaru 12 a kurkuku kuma an soke shi. Ya mutu a kurkuku a ranar 21 ga Afrilu, 2017, yana da shekaru 78. 

An saki David Beagles a shekarar 1965. A shekara ta 1969, an yi zargin cewa ya gano wata baƙar fata mace wacce ya yi tunanin ita ce Owens, ya maƙure ta, ya buge ta da mai rufe wutar lantarki, [1] ya harbe ta sau biyu a kai tare da bindigar caliber .25, kuma ya binne ta a cikin wani kabari mai zurfi kusa da tsakiya. Koyaya, wanda aka azabtar ita ce Betty Jean Robinson Houston mai shekaru 30, mace daban kuma mahaifiyar yara maza biyu, masu shekaru 8 da 9.[2] An sami ja Mustang na Beagles an watsar da shi a wurin kuma an sami yatsan yatsa a ciki a cikin motarsa.[3] Beagles ya tsere daga gundumar kuma an kama shi a Marianna . [3]￼

An tuhumi Beagles da kisan kai na farko. Ba a iya samun yatsan yatsa a kan makamin ba kuma ba a sami jini a kan Beagles ko motarsa ba. An tabbatar da cewa matarsa tana da bindiga .25 caliber, amma ba a taɓa samun makamin ba. Koyaya, an sami ja Mustang na Beagles an watsar da shi a wurin kuma an sami yatsan yatsa na wanda aka azabtar a ciki a cikin motarsa. A lokacin shari'ar, Ollie Stoutamire ya shaida cewa yayin da suke cikin kurkuku tare, Beagles ya yi alfahari da shi cewa ya shirya ya kashe wata baƙar fata a matsayin fansa ga hukuncin da aka yanke masa a 1959 kuma ya nuna cewa zai iya kashe baƙar fata kuma ya tsere da shi. Beagles ya ba da shaida cewa ya buga Houston da motarsa ba zato ba tsammani a tsakiya. Houston ya yi tsalle a cikin motarsa, amma ya tsere daga wurin da ƙafa bayan ya ji siren 'yan sanda, waɗanda ke amsa kiran game da Houston mai maye da ke gudana a gaban motoci a tsakiya. Ya gudu zuwa gidan mahaifin Stoutamire George kuma ya shawo kansa ya kai shi Marianna. A watan Satumbar 1969, an yanke wa Beagles hukunci kan kisan kai na farko kuma an yanke masa hukuncin rai da rai a kurkuku bayan juriya ta ba da shawarar jinƙai. Koyaya, a shekara ta 1974, an soke hukuncinsa bisa la'akari da cewa masu juriya sun nuna bambanci bayan sun ga hotuna na wurin aikata laifuka. A shari'arsa ta biyu a watan Janairun shekara ta 1974, an wanke Beagles bayan wani shaida ya shaida cewa ya ga mota mai launin shudi da wani mutum banda Beagles a wurin kisan. A cewar mai gabatar da kara, ya ji cewa masu juri sun yi tunanin Beagles ya kwashe isasshen lokaci a kurkuku.

## Dubi kuma

* Recy Taylor
* Rashin fyade a Amurka
* Fannie Lou Hamer
* Viola Liuzzo
* Joan Little

## Manazarta