Cutar Legionnaires

**Cutar Legionnaires** wani nau'i ne na ciwon huhu wanda ya haifar da kowane nau'in kwayoyin Legionella, sau da yawa Legionella pneumophila. Alamomi da alamun sun haɗa da tari, ƙarancin numfashi, zazzabi mai zafi, ciwon tsoka, da ciwon kai. Hakanan tashin zuciya, amai, da gudawa na iya faruwa. Wannan yakan fara kwanaki 2-10 bayan fallasa.

Legionellosis shine kowace cuta da Legionella ke haifarwa, gami da cutar Legionnaires (cututtukan ciwon huhu) da zazzabin Pontiac (cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da ƙwayar cuta ta sama), amma cutar Legionnaires ita ce ta fi kowa, don haka ambaton legionellosis yakan koma zuwa cutar Legionnaires.

Ana samun Legionella ta halitta a cikin ruwa mai dadi. Yana iya gurɓatar da tankunan ruwan zafi, wuraren zafi, da hasumiya masu sanyaya manyan na'urorin sanyaya iska. Yawanci yana yaduwa ta hanyar numfashi a cikin hazo mai dauke da Legionella, kuma yana iya faruwa lokacin da gurbataccen ruwa ya sha. Yawanci ba ya yaɗuwa kai tsaye tsakanin mutane, kuma yawancin mutanen da aka fallasa ba sa kamuwa da cuta. Abubuwan haɗari na kamuwa da cuta sun haɗa da tsufa, tarihin shan taba, cututtukan huhu na yau da kullun, da rashin aikin rigakafi. Masu fama da ciwon huhu da masu fama da ciwon huhu da tarihin balaguro na baya-bayan nan sai a gwada su game da cutar. Ana gano cutar ta hanyar gwajin antigen na fitsari da al'adun sputum.

Babu maganin alurar rigakafi. Rigakafin ya dogara da ingantaccen tsarin ruwa. Maganin cutar Legionnaires yawanci ana gudanar da shi da maganin rigakafi. Abubuwan da aka ba da shawarar sun haɗa da fluoroquinolones, azithromycin, ko doxycycline. Yawancin lokaci ana buƙatar asibiti. Adadin mace-macen yana kusan kashi 10% na mutanen da ke da lafiya a baya amma har zuwa kashi 25 cikin 100 na masu fama da rashin lafiya.

Ba a san adadin lokuta da ke faruwa a duniya ba. Cutar Legionnaires ita ce sanadin kiyasin kashi 2-9% na cututtukan huhu da ake samu a wajen asibiti. Kimanin lokuta 8,000 zuwa 18,000 a shekara a Amurka suna buƙatar asibiti. Barkewar cututtuka ke haifar da ƴan tsiraru. Duk da yake yana iya faruwa a kowane lokaci na shekara, yana da yawa a lokacin rani da kaka. Sunan cutar ne bayan barkewar cutar inda aka fara gano ta, a wani taron Legion na Amurka na 1976 a Philadelphia.

## Alamomi da alamomi
Tsawon lokacin da ke tsakanin kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta da bayyanar cututtuka (lokacin shiryawa) gabaɗaya kwanaki 2-10 ne, amma ba zai iya wuce kwanaki 20 ba. Ga yawancin jama'a, daga cikin waɗanda aka fallasa, tsakanin 0.1 zuwa 5.0% suna kamuwa da cutar, yayin da a cikin waɗanda ke asibiti, tsakanin 0.4 zuwa 14% suna kamuwa da cutar.

Wadanda ke da cutar Legionnaires yawanci suna da zazzabi, sanyi, da tari, wanda zai iya bushewa ko yana iya haifar da sputum. Kusan duk suna fama da zazzaɓi, yayin da kusan rabin suna tari tare da sputum, kuma kashi ɗaya bisa uku na tari jini ko sputum na jini. Wasu kuma suna da ciwon tsoka, ciwon kai, gajiya, rashin abinci, rashin daidaituwa (ataxia), ciwon kirji, ko gudawa da amai. Kusan rabin wadanda ke da cutar Legionnaires suna da alamun gastrointestinal, kuma kusan rabin suna da alamun cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki, ciki har da rikicewa da rashin fahimta. "Bradycardia na dangi" na iya kasancewa a halin yanzu, wanda ba shi da ƙarfi zuwa yanayin bugun zuciya duk da kasancewar zazzabi.

Gwajin gwaje-gwaje na iya nuna cewa ayyukan koda, ayyukan hanta, da matakan electrolyte ba su da kyau, wanda zai iya haɗa da ƙarancin sodium a cikin jini. Hoton X-ray akan ƙirji yakan nuna ciwon huhu tare da ƙarfafawa a cikin kasan huhu biyu. Rarrabe cutar Legionnaires daga wasu nau'ikan ciwon huhu ta hanyar bayyanar cututtuka ko binciken rediyo kawai yana da wahala; Ana buƙatar wasu gwaje-gwaje don tabbatar da ganewar asali.

Mutanen da ke fama da zazzabin Pontiac, rashin lafiya mai sauƙi da ƙwayoyin cuta iri ɗaya ke haifarwa, suna fama da zazzabi da ciwon tsoka ba tare da ciwon huhu ba. Gabaɗaya suna dawowa cikin kwanaki 2-5 ba tare da magani ba. Ga zazzabin Pontiac, lokacin da ke tsakanin fallasa da bayyanar cututtuka gabaɗaya ƴan sa'o'i ne zuwa kwanaki biyu.

## Manazarta