Akira Endo (masanin kimiyyar halittu)

**Akira Endo** (14 Nuwamba 1933 - 5 Yuni 2024) wani masanin kimiyyar halittu na Japan ne wanda bincike kan alakar fungi da biosynthesis na cholesterol ya haifar da haɓaka magungunan statin, waɗanda wasu ne mafi kyawun siyar da magunguna a tarihi.

Endo ya sami lambar yabo ta Japan a cikin 2006, lambar yabo ta Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Research Award a cikin 2008, Kyautar Gairdner ta Duniya a cikin 2017.
## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Endo a gona a Arewacin Japan kuma yana da sha'awar fungi tun yana ƙarami, kasancewarsa mai sha'awar Alexander Fleming. Ya sami digiri na BA a Jami'ar Tohoku (Faculty of Agriculture) a Sendai a 1957 da PhD a fannin ilimin halittu a jami'a guda a 1966.

Endo ya mutu da ciwon huhu a ranar 5 ga Yuni 2024, yana da shekara 90.
## Sana'a
Daga 1957 zuwa 1978 ya yi aiki a matsayin abokin bincike a kamfanin sinadarai na Sankyo Co.; da farko ya yi aiki akan enzymes na fungal don sarrafa ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Nasarar binciken da aka yi a wannan fanni ya ba shi daraja don ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a 1966, kuma ya shafe shekaru biyu a Kwalejin Magunguna ta Albert Einstein a matsayin abokin bincike yana aiki akan enzymes da cholesterol.

Babban aikinsa mafi mahimmanci a cikin 1970s shine akan ƙwayoyin cuta na fungal da tasirin su akan haɗin cholesterol. Ya yi hasashen cewa fungi na amfani da sinadarai don karewa kwayoyin cuta ta hanyar hana hadawar cholesterol. Kwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na fungi sun ƙunshi ergosterol a maimakon cholesterol, yana ba su damar samar da mahadi waɗanda ke hana cholesterol. Kwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na fungi sun ƙunshi ergosterol a maimakon cholesterol, yana ba su damar samar da mahadi waɗanda ke hana cholesterol.
Kwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na fungi sun ƙunshi ergosterol a maimakon cholesterol, yana ba su damar samar da mahadi waɗanda ke hana cholesterol.
The bacterial cells of fungi contain ergosterol instead of cholesterol, allowing them to produce compounds that inhibit cholesterol.
Tantanin halitta na fungi yana dauke da ergosterol a madadin cholesterol, yana ba su damar samar da mahadi masu hana cholesterol.
The cells of fungi contain ergosterol instead of cholesterol, allowing them to produce compounds that prevent cholesterol. A cikin 1971 ya sami broth na al'ada tare da citrinin yana da aikin hanawa mai ƙarfi akan HMG-CoA reductase kuma ya rage matakan ƙwayar cholesterol a cikin berayen, amma an dakatar da bincike saboda gubar koda.

Endo yayi nazarin mahadi guda 6,000, wanda uku daga cikin abubuwan da aka fitar daga Penicillium citrinum mold da aka ware daga samfurin shinkafa da aka tattara a wani kantin hatsi a Kyoto ya nuna tasiri. Abubuwan da aka samo daga nazarin asibiti an ba da rahoto ne kawai a cikin 1980.

Daya daga cikinsu, mevastatin, shine memba na farko na rukunin magungunan statin. Ba da daɗewa ba, an gano lovastatin, statin na kasuwanci na farko, a cikin ƙirar Aspergillus. Duk da cewa mevastatin bai taba zama maganin da aka yarda da shi ba, abin da aka samu na mevastatin ya yi.

A ƙarshen 1970s Endo ya koma Tokyo kuma ya kasance abokin farfesa kuma daga baya cikakken farfesa a Jami'ar Aikin Gona da Fasaha ta Tokyo tsakanin 1979 zuwa 1997. Bayan ya yi ritaya a hukumance ya zama shugaban dakunan gwaje-gwaje na Biopharm Research.
## Ganewa
Endo ya samu wasu kyaututtuka da dama a lokacin aikinsa:
*Kyautar Matasa Mai Binciken Aikin Noma (Japan), 1966
*Kyautar Heinrich Wieland don gano HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (Jamus ta Yamma), 1987
*Kyautar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Toray (Japan), 1988
*Kyautar Gidauniyar Warren Alpert (Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Harvard, Amurka), 2000
*Kyautar Massry daga Makarantar Magunguna ta Keck, Jami'ar Kudancin California a cikin 2006
*Kyautar Japan a 2006,
*Lasker-DeBakey lambar yabo ta Binciken Kiwon Lafiya ta Clinical, 2008
*An shigar da shi cikin Babban Cibiyar Masu ƙirƙira ta Ƙasa, Alexandria, VA 2012
*Gairdner Foundation International Award, 2017
*Kyautar Medal na ESC, 2021
Baya ga sanin, Endo bai taɓa samun fa'idar kuɗi daga bincikensa ba, duk da cewa statins suna cikin mafi yawan magungunan da aka rubuta. "Miliyoyin mutanen da za a tsawaita rayuwarsu ta hanyar maganin statin suna bin Akira Endo duka," a cewar Michael S. Brown da Joseph L. Goldstein, wadanda suka lashe kyautar Nobel ta 1986 don aikin da ya danganci cholesterol.
## Duba kuma
*Aspergillus oryzae
*Maganin magani
*Purple monkfish
## Manazarta