Anwar Shah Kashmiri

**Anwar Shah [[Kashmir]]** (Urdu; 26 ga Nuwamba 1875 - 28 ga Mayu 1933) masanin addinin Musulunci ne daga Kashmir a farkon karni na ashirin, wanda aka fi sani da kwarewarsa a cikin Nazarin hadisi, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mai ƙarfi, da kuma hanyar fassara al'adu, da kuma shugaban na huɗu na Darul Uloom Deoband . Tare da al'adun kakanninmu na ilimin addini da suka samo asali a Bagadaza, ya sami horo a kimiyyar Islama a Darul Uloom Deoband a karkashin jagorancin Mahmud Hasan Deobandi, tare da jin daɗin tafiya ta ruhaniya tare da Rashid Ahmad Gangohi . Da yake fara aikinsa a matsayin shugaban farko na Madrasa Aminia, ya fara hajj a 1906 tare da zama a Madina, wanda aka sadaukar don bincika zurfin wallafe-wallafen hadisi. Daga baya, ya shiga Darul Uloom Deoband, yana aiki a matsayin mukamin Sheikh al-Hadith kusan shekaru goma sha uku kafin ya zaɓi Jamia Islamia Talimuddin a matsayin makomarsa ta ƙarshe don tafiyarsa ta ilimi. Kodayake ya nuna iyakantaccen sha'awar kalmar da aka rubuta, wasu litattafai sun fito ne daga alkawarinsa. Duk da haka, an adana yawancin abubuwan da ya gada ta hanyar kokarin ɗalibansa, waɗanda suka rubuta laccocin aji, jawabai, da laccoci. Duk da yake mahimmancin aikinsa na ilimi ya ta'allaka ne akan tallafawa Makarantar Hanafi da kuma kafa mafi girman ta, ya kuma sami karbuwa saboda tsarinsa na sassaucin ra'ayi game da al'amuran addini daban-daban. Littattafansa sun sami matsayinsu a ƙarƙashin kulawar Majlis-i Ilmi, wata cibiyar ilimi da aka kafa a Delhi a 1929. Takaddun shaidarsa na ilimi sun sami amincewar hukuma tare da bugawa na Sahih al-Bukhari">*Fayd al-Bari*, wani sharhin Larabci guda huɗu game da Sahih al-Bukhari, wanda Badre Alam Merathi ya tsara kuma aka buga shi a Alkahira, tare da tallafin kudi na Jamiatul Ulama Transvaal.

Ayyukansa na wallafe-wallafen sun taɓa batutuwa daban-daban, waɗanda suka haɗa da Alkur'ani, Bangaskiya ta asali, Metaphysics, Shari'ar Musulunci, Zoology, Waƙoƙi, da Tunanin Siyasa, galibi a Larabci, tare da biyu a Farisa. Ya kuma bar waƙoƙi 15,000. Yawancin malaman Indiya suna yawan ambaton ra'ayoyinsa da ra'ayoyinsu a cikin ayyukansu, kuma ana kiransa da Mobile Library. A lokacin da ya yi shekaru goma sha takwas a makarantar sakandare ta Deoband, ya ba da gudummawa ga horar da kimanin malaman hadisi dubu biyu. Game da aikinsa a fagen siyasa, ya kasance mai adawa da Mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya a Indiya kuma ya ƙarfafa Musulmai kada su hada kai da Burtaniya a matsayin memba na Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind. Ana tunawa da shi musamman saboda jawabinsa na shugaban kasa na 1927 a taron shekara-shekara na Peshawar . A ƙarshen rayuwarsa, ya yi amfani da ƙarfinsa don magance hauhawar Qadiyanism, kuma iliminsa ya bayyana a cikin ƙirƙirar kusan ayyuka goma a kan batun. Kwarewarsa ta ilimi har ma ta yi wa wasu mutane kamar Muhammad Iqbal wahayi zuwa ga gudanar da bincike kan Islama da Ahmadism. gwamnatin Jammu da Kashmir ta ayyana gidansa a Kashmir a matsayin tsohuwar wurin tarihi na katako.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Anwar ShAH Kashmir a Kashmir a ranar 27 [Shawwal] 1292 AH (26 Nuwamba 1875) a cikin dangin Sayyid . Lokacin da yake da shekaru hudu, ya fara karanta Alkur'ani a karkashin umarnin mahaifinsa, Muazzam Ali Shah .  A shekara ta 1889, ya koma Deoband, inda ya yi karatu a Darul Uloom na tsawon shekaru uku. A shekara ta 1892, ya koma Darul Uloom Deoband inda ya yi karatu tare da Mahmud Hasan Deobandi da sauransu. Sa'an nan, a cikin 1896 (1314 AH), ya tafi Rashid Ahmad Gangohi kuma ya sami takardar shaidar koyarwa a Hadith (wanda ya kasance yana karatu na shekaru biyu) da ilimin esoteric.

## Ayyuka
Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Darul Uloom, ya koyar a Madrasa Aminia, Delhi, yana aiki a matsayin shugabanta na farko. A shekara ta 1903 ya tafi Kashmir, inda ya kafa Faiz-e A'am Madrasah .  A cikin 1905 (1323 AH) ya yi Hajji. Shekaru hudu bayan haka, ya koma Deoband. Har zuwa 1933, ya koyar da littattafan Hadith ba tare da karɓar albashi ba. Ya rike kula da Darul Uloom kusan kusan shekaru goma sha biyu. Ya yi murabus a 1927 (1346 AH) kuma ya tafi Madrasah na Dabhel a yammacin Indiya, inda, har zuwa 1932 (1351), ya koyar da Hadith. Ya bar iyalinsa a 1887 kuma ya koma Madrasah a Indiya.

Ya koyar a Madrasah Fay'm na tsawon shekaru uku kafin ya fara Hajji zuwa Makka da Madina. Ya ziyarci malaminsa na Deoband Mahmood Hasan, wanda ya shawo kansa ya dauki matsayin koyarwa a Deoband. Lokacin da Mahmood Hasan da kansa ya koma Madina a 1908, Shah ya fara koyar da Hadith. Ya riƙe mukamin har zuwa 1927, lokacin da ya tashi bayan rashin jituwa da gudanarwa.

Kashmiri ya koma Jamia Islamia Talimuddin tare da Azizur Rahman Usmani a 1927 inda ya koyar da Hadith har zuwa 1932. 

## Mutuwa da gado
A 1933, Shah ya yi rashin lafiya kuma ya yi tafiya zuwa Deoband don kulawar likita. Ya ci gaba da yin magana da dalibai a can har sai ya mutu a ranar 28 ga Mayu 1933. Ɗansa na fari Azhar Shah Qaiser da ƙaramin ɗansa Anzar Shah Kashmiri sun mutu. Muhammad Iqbal ya shirya bikin ta'aziyya, inda ya bayyana Kashmiri a matsayin babban masanin Islama na shekaru ɗari biyar da suka gabata.

Anwar Shah Kashmiri an dauke shi da yawa a matsayin daya daga cikin malaman hadisi masu yawa da aka samar da yankin. Don nuna godiya ga gudummawar da ya bayar a fannin wallafe-wallafen hadisi da farfado da kimiyyar Musulunci daban-daban, masanin addinin Musulunci Sayyid Rashid Rida ya ce, "Ban taɓa ganin masanin hadisi fiye da Allamah Kashmiri ba".

Jamia Imam Muhammad Anwar Shah, Deoband makarantar Musulunci ce mai suna bayan Kashmiri . Yunoos Osman ya rubuta rubutun D.Phil Life and Works of Allamah Muhammad Anwar Shah Kashmiri a Jami'ar Durban-Westville . 

An saki wani littafi game da Kashmiri mai taken The Pride of Kashmir a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2015. A lokacin da aka saki littafin, Injiniya Rashid, sannan MLA na Langate ya sake masa suna Student of the year award of Kupwara zuwa "Moulana Anwar Shah Kashmiri Award for Excellence".

## Ayyukan wallafe-wallafen
Kashmiri ya kuma rubuta waka kuma sau da yawa ya sanya rubuce-rubucensa na ilimi a wannan nau'in. Wasu daga cikin labaransa da rubuce-rubucensa ba a buga su ba.

Ayyukansa sun hada da: 

* *Mushkilat al-Qur'an*
* *Fayz al-Barii ala Sahih al-Bukhari*
* *Anwar al-Baari* (bayani na Urdu na *Sahih Bukhari*, wanda surukin Kashmiri Ahmad Raza Bijnori ya tattara) 
* *Al-Arf al-Shadhi Sharh Sunan al-Tirmidhi*

## Dalibai
Daliban Kashmiri sun hada da Manazir Ahsan Gilani, Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi, Hifzur Rahman Seoharwi, Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi, Zayn al-Abidin Sajjad Meerthi, Muhammad Miyan Deobandi, Manzur Nu'mani, da Muhammad Shafi . 

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin Deobandis
* Tarihin Anwar Shah Kashmiri
*

## Manazarta