open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Miriam Chaszczewacki

**Miriam Chaszczewacki** ko **Miriam Chaszczewacka** (1924-1942) wata yarinya Bayahudiya ce da ta mutu tana da shekara sha takwas, wacce aka yi wa kisan kiyashi, wacce a shekarar dubu ɗaya da dari tara da talatin da tara ta fara rubuta littafin diary game da rayuwarta a Radomsko ghetto, diary wanda ya ƙare ba da daɗewa ba. kafin ta mutu a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in da biyu.

## Ganowa da buga mujallar
Malamar Miriam, Stefania Heilbrunn, ta koma Radomsko, Poland, bayan yakin duniya na biyu . Yayin da ta ziyarci makabartar birnin, ta hadu da wata mata 'yar kasar Poland wacce ta mika mata ambulan da aka rufe tana cewa : « Ɗana ya ce in ba ka. Je ne sais rien.  da ganye. A cikin ambulan, Stefania Heilbrunn ta sami littafin rubutu tare da rubutun hannu da ta gane a matsayin na tsohuwar ɗalibarta, Miriam Chaszczewacki. Stefania Heilbrunn ya ɗauki littafin rubutu zuwa Isra'ila kuma ya buga abubuwan da ke ciki  .

Asali, an rubuta jaridar a cikin Yaren mutanen Poland . An buga sassan jaridar a cikin Ibrananci, Yiddish, Yaren mutanen Poland, Turanci da Jamusanci. An ba Yad Vashem ainihin littafin rubutu.

## Tarihin Rayuwar ta
Mahaifiyar Maryamu, Sarah Lavit Zelber, an haife ta a cikin dangin Hasidic, malami ne na kindergarten kuma mai jama'a. An haifi mahaifin Maryamu, David  a Ukraine . Ya buɗe makarantar Yahudawa a Radomsko inda yake koyar da Ibrananci. Wannan makarantar tana aiki a cikin ghetto. An haifi ɗan'uwan Maryamu, Nahum, a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da ashirin da tara  . Miriam daliba ce ta sakandare kuma memba ce a kungiyar matasan sahyoniyawan lokacin da yakin ya barke. An kwatanta ta a matsayin yarinya mai daɗi, mai hankali, haziƙi, kuma haziƙi wadda ke karatun Ibrananci a makarantar mahaifinta  A wani labarin kuma, an kwatanta ta a matsayin matashiya mai kunya, soyayya da  .

An kashe mahaifin Miriam da ɗan'uwanta a cikin ghetto da Jamusawa suka yi. An kashe mahaifin, David, saboda ya ki shiga jirgin  . An binne ɗan’uwan, Nahum a wani kabari da ke cikin makabartar  .

## Haɗin jarida
Littafin ya fara da wani babi na gabatarwa wanda ke bayyana abubuwan da suka faru tsakanin lokacin rani na shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da talatin da tara da mamayar Radomsko da Jamusawa suka yi a watan Satumba 1939. Sashi na biyu na diary ya ƙunshi sassa 27, wanda aka kwanan watan Afrilu 21, 1941, yana kwatanta abubuwan da suka faru na yakin da kuma rayuwar ghetto tare da asusun na al'ada na motsin zuciyar matashi.

## Mutuwar ta
Shigar da littafin diary na ƙarshe tare da rubutun hannun Miriam shine ranar bakwai ga Oktoba, shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in da biyu, lokacin da Maryamu take ’yar shekara 18. Tsakanin Oktoba 9 zuwa 12, 1942, an aika kusan mazauna Getto 14,000 zuwa cibiyar kawar da Treblinka .

A shafi na ƙarshe na littafin ya bayyana shigarwa a cikin wani rubutu na daban, babba, mai yiwuwa na ɗan sandan Poland, ɗan matar da ta ba Stefania Heilbrunn littafin rubutu. :A cikin ɗaya daga cikin shigarwar diary na ƙarshe, kusan wata ɗaya kafin mutuwarta, Miriam ta rubuta:

## Manazarta
Elisheva Carlebach ne adam wata

**Elisheva Carlebach ya auri Jofen** (an haife shi a New York, Amurka-) ɗan tarihi Ba’amurke ne, Salo Wittmayer Baron Farfesa na Tarihin Yahudawa, Al'adu da Al'umma a Jami'ar Columbia tun 2008.

## Tarihin Rayuwar ta
Elisheva Carlebach  ,  an haife ta a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da hamsin a New York . Ta fito daga dangin rabbinical Carlebach . Kakanta shine Rabbi Joseph Carlebach, Babban Rabbi na Hamburg na ƙarshe. Ita ce babbar 'yar Rabbi Salomon (Shlomo) Peter Carlebach (an haife ta a watan Agusta 17, 1925 a Hamburg) wanda aka sani da Shlomo Carlebach (dan uwan mawaƙa mai suna Shlomo Carlebach ), mashgiach ruchani a Yeshiva Chaim Berlin a Brooklyn kuma marubuci daga sharhin Pentateuch *Maskil Lishlomo* . Mahaifiyarsa ita ce Maud Katzenstein daga Washington Heights a Manhattan .

Ta auri Rabbi Mordechai Jofen, Rosh Yeshiva na Yeshiva na Novardok Beis Yosef a Brooklyn .

### Nazarin
Ta sami digiri na farko a Kwalejin Brooklyn da Ph.D. a Tarihi daga Jami'ar Columbia a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da tamanin da shida.

### Ilimi
Ita ce farfesa na tarihi a Kwalejin Queens, dake cikin gundumar Queens a New York da kuma Cibiyar Digiri na Jami'ar City ta New York (Jami'ar City of New York, CUNY, kafin ta zama cikakkiyar farfesa a 2008 na Salo. Wittmayer Baron Farfesa na tarihin Yahudawa, al'adu da zamantakewa a Jami'ar Columbia tun 2008.

## Ayyuka

* (en) *The Pursuit of Heresy :Rabbi Moses Hagiz and the Sabbatian Controversies *. Columbia University Press, 1990; 1994  (ISBN 0-231-07191-4)
* (en) * History and Memory: Jewish Perspectives.* (co-éditeur). Brandeis/University Press of New England, 1998.
* (en) *Divided Souls: Converts from Judaism in Germany, 1500-1750*.  Yale University Press, 2001   (ISBN 0-300-08410-2), *Finaliste pour le 2001-02 National Jewish Book Award*
* (en) *Palaces of Time:  Jewish Calendar and Culture in Early Modern Europe*.  Belknap Press, 2011  (ISBN 0674052544)
Casey Calvert

**Casey Calvert**, an haife ta ranar 17 ga Maris , shekara ta 1990) a Baltimore, Maryland, yar wasan fina-finan batsa ce ta Amurka, wacce ta samu lambobin yabo da dama saboda ta tsunduma cikin harkar batsa.

## Tarihin Rayuwar ta

### Yarantaka da samartaka
Casey ta girma a Gainesville, Florida. Ta girma a ƙarƙashin Masorti Yahudanci kuma tana halartar majami'u kowace Asabar kafin Bar Mitzvah, lokacin da danginta suka yanke shawarar yin gyara don halartar hutu kawai 

A shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha huɗu, ta sami lambar yabo ta girmamawa daga Jami'ar Florida don digirinta na farko a fannin kimiyya, inda ta sami digiri a fannin shirya fina-finai da kuma ilimin dabbobi da ilimin ɗan adam.

### Sana'ar ta
Yayin da take makarantar sakandare, Casey ta fara aiki a matsayin abin ƙira da fasaha. 

### Rayuwa ta sirri
Casey Calvert ta bayyana a matsayin mata. A halin yanzu ita ce matar darakta Eli Cross.

## Manazarta
Obi Adigwe

**Obi Adigwe** yanki ne a karamar hukumar Aniocha South, gundumar Nsukwa dake a cikin jihar Delta a  Najeriya .

## Manazarta
Obi Anigala

**Obi Anigala**  yanki ne a karamar hukumar Aniocha South, gundumar Nsukwa dake a cikin jihar Delta.

## Manazarta
Obi Owodi

**Obi Owodi,**  yanki ne a ƙaramar hukumar Aniocha South, gundumar Nsukwa dake a cikin jihar Delta.

## Manazarta
Abo-Agwashi

**Abo-Agwashi**  yanki ne a karamar hukumar Aniocha South, gundumar Ogwashi-Uku dake a cikin jihar Delta.
## Manazarta
Isah-Ogwashi

**Isah-Ogwashi** yanki ne a karamar hukumar Aniocha South, gundumar Ogwashi-Uku dake a cikin jihar Delta,a kudancin Najeriya.  

## Manzarta
Ubulu-Uku

**Ubulu-uku** yanki ne a karamar hukumar Aniocha South, gundumar Ubulu dake a cikin jihar Delta.

## Manazarta
Ogundobiri

**Ogundobiri,**  yanki ne a karamar hukumar Bomadi, gundumar Akugbene Men dake a cikin jihar Delta.  

## Manzarta
Forcados

**Forcados**  yankine a ƙaramar hukumar Burutu, gundumar Burutu-Forcados dake a cikin jihar Delta  

## Manazarta
Agbodobiri

**Agbodobiri,**  yanki ne a karamar hukumar Burutu, gundumar Ngbilebiri-Mein/Ogbulubiri dake a cikin jihar Delta.

## Manazarta
Hukumar kwallon kafa ta kasa a Ghana

**Tawagar kwallon kafa ta Ghana hukumar kwallon kafa ce eadda**  tana wakiltar Ghana a wasan kwallon kafa na duniya na maza .  Ana yiwa kungiyar lakabi da **Black Stars** bayan Black Stars na Afirka a tutar Ghana, Hukumar kula da kwallon kafa ta Ghana ce ke tafiyar da hukumar Kafin 1957, ya yi wasa azaman Gold Coast .

## Manazarta
Brugia malayi

***Brugia malayi*** filarial ne ( arthropod -borne) nematode (roundworm), daya daga cikin kwayoyin cuta  uku masu haddasa filariasis lymphatic a cikin mutane. Lymphatic filariasis, wanda kuma aka sani da elephantiasis, wat ne da ke nuna cutace a kumburi na ƙananan gaɓɓai. Sauran nau'o'in filarial guda biyu na filariasis lymphatic su ne *Wuchereria bancrofti* da *Brugia timori*, wanda dukansu sun bambanta da *B. malayi* a tsarin halitta da kuma  alamomi, kuma a cikin yanki. 

*B. Malayi tana yaduwa ne ta hanyar cizon sauro* na *[[Mansonia (tashi)|Mansonia]],* kuma anfi samunshi a  kudu da kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Yana daya daga cikin cututtukan wurare masu zafi da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta yi niyya don kawar da ita nan da shekara ta 2020, wanda ya haifar da rigakafin da haɓakar magunguna, da kuma sabbin hanyoyin kare kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta.

## Alamomin cuta
*B. malayi* yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar  filariasis na lymphatic, yanayin da ke nuna kamuwa da cuta da kumburin  lymphatic systerm na jikin dan adam .. An fara cutar tana afkuwa  ne  kasancewar tsutsotsi a cikin tasoshin lymphatic da sakamakon sojojin jikin marar lafiya. Alamun kamuwa da cuta yawanci sun yi daidai da waɗanda aka gani a cikin Bancroftian filariasis-zazzabi, lymphadenitis, lymphangitis, lymphedema, da kamuwa da cuta na biyu-tare da wasu kaɗan.

## Manazarta
Vanessa Tsehaye

**Vanessa Tsehaye** (formerly **Vanessa Berhe**) 'yar kasar Sweden ce  mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Eritrea.   

## Ƙuruciya

An kuma haifi Vanessa Tsehaye  iyayenta 'yan Eritrea ne a shekarar 1996 a Sweden, inda ta girma.  A shekarar 2001, an kuma gaya wa Vanessa game da kama kawun mahaifiyarta Seyoum Tsehaye,  tsohon shugaban gidan talabijin na jama'a na Eritrea Eri-TV.   Vanessa ta bayyana yadda aka kama ta cikin damuwa. Ta fara karbar kudi a makarantar sakandaren ta, tana fatan za ta biya kudin ceto jirgin da zai kai Eritrea.   Wadannan al'amura sun kara karfafa sha'awarta na yakin neman 'yancin dan Adam na Eritrea. 

### Ilimi da farkon aiki
Vanessa ta kammala karatun lauya daga Jami'ar SOAS ta London c.2019.  Ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar mai gabatarwa ga The Listening Post daga Yuni 2018 zuwa Janairu 2020. 

## Hakkokin dan Adam
A shekarar 2013, Vanessa ta fara kamfen na One Day Seyoum don tabbatar da 'yancin ɗan adam a Eritrea, da kuma 'yantar da fursunonin siyasa na Eritrea, ciki har da Sehoum; ta ci gaba da zama babbar darakta.    Vanessa ta bayyana manufofin kamfen din ta tana mai cewa,

Kamfen ɗin ya ci gaba da tafiya tun shekara ta 2018, bayan taron zaman lafiya na Eritrea da Habasha.  A cikin 2021, ta ƙaddamar da Mujallar *2001* don yin tarihin rayuwa a Eritrea. 

### Ganewa
A shekarar 2019, *Asmarino* ya bayyana Vanessa a matsayin "daya daga cikin fitattun masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam da Eritrea ta taba sani."  A shekarar 2021, Vanessa mai kamfen na fafutukar kare hakkin bil adama ta Amnesty International a Horn of Africa. 

## Ra'ayoyi
Vanessa ta yi kira da (ab) yin amfani da maganganun bayan mulkin mallaka don kawar da suka daga Eritrea.  

A cikin watan Fabrairun shekarar 2021, Vanessa ta nuna adawa da toshe hanyoyin ba da agaji a yakin Tigray, tana mai cewa tsarin mulki yana rage wasu bukatu tare da kin wasu, wanda ya saba wa wajibcin dokokin jin kai na kasa da kasa. Ta bayyana cewa toshewar hanyoyin sadarwa ya sa hankalin duniya ya kasance da wahala wajen mayar da hankali kan yakin. 

A shekarar 2018, Vanessa ta ki yarda da amfani da Yaƙin Eritriya-Ethiopia na shekarun 1998-2000 a matsayin "shaidar mayar da [Eritrea] mulkin kama-karya". Ta yi adawa da aikin soja na Eritriya mara iyaka, da yin fyade na yau da kullun, azabtarwa da sauran laifuffuka, Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa da ba ta yi taro ba tun 2002, da rashin aiwatar da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Eritrea da kama ba tare da shari'a ba. 

## Manazarta
Nina Alovert

**Nina Nikolaevna Alovert** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1935) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne kuma marubuci. Tana zaune a Amurka,bayan hijirarta daga Tarayyar Soviet a 1977.

Alovert shi ne mai daukar hoto don shirin lashe lambar yabo ta Emmy Award na 1986 *Wolf Trapp Yana Gabatar da Kirov Swan Lake*.Ta lashe kyautar ballet na duniya a cikin 2003,Prix Benois de la Danse"Diploma For Kör Da Manyan Al'adu Biyu Kusa da Tare". 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Alovert aka haife shi a Birnin Leningrad a 1935.Ta sauke karatu daga Leningrad State University tare da Master of Arts a tarihi.Tare da sha'awar tarihi da raye-rayen ballet,ta fara aikinta a matsayin mai kula da Gidan Tarihi na Comedy Theatre.Sa'an nan ta yi aiki a Komissarzhevskaya gidan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma Lensovet Theater a matsayin mai daukar hoto.A farkon shekarun 1950 ta yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto don Kirov Ballet(yanzu Mariinsky).

A 1977,Alovert ya koma Amurka.Ta kasance tana daukar hoton Mikhail Baryshnikov tun farkon aikinsa har zuwa lokacin da ya fice daga Tarayyar Soviet zuwa Kanada.Ta koma aiki tare da Baryshnikov bayan ta koma Amurka. Yayin da take Amurka,ta yi aiki da *Mujallar Rawa* da *Ballet Review* a matsayin mai daukar hoto mai zaman kansa.Jaridun Rasha a Amurka,irin su *Novoe Russkoe Slovo* da *Novy Amerikanets*,sun nuna hotunan ballet da Alovert ya ɗauka.Ta buga hotunanta a cikin mujallu da littattafai da yawa a Rasha da kuma a wasu ƙasashe,kuma ta gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo na solo a birnin New York, London,St.Petersburg,da sauran cibiyoyin.

## Kiredit

## Labarai
### A matsayin marubuci

### A matsayin edita

## Nassoshi
Chicken Republic

**Jamhuriyar** Chicken ita ce jerin abinci masu sauri na Najeriya da kuma ikon mallakar da ke ƙwarewa a cikin *girke-girke* na kaza, musamman kaza da aka dafa. Deji Akinyanju ne ya kafa shi, kuma an kafa gidan cin abinci na farko a Apapa, Legas a shekara ta 2004. An buɗe gidan cin abinci na farko na Chicken Republic a Legas a shekara ta 2004 kuma a halin yanzu yana kasuwanci a wurare sama da 150 a fadin Najeriya da Ghana.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya

Jamhuriyar Chicken tana da hedkwata a Legas, Najeriya. Kamfanin reshe ne na Food Concepts Plc, kamfanin abinci na Najeriya.

Kamfanin yana da jayayya da gidan cin abinci na kaza mafi girma a Najeriya tare da kantuna sama da 40 a Legas da kuma kantin sayar da kayayyaki sama na 190 a duk fadin kasar. Jamhuriyar Chicken ta kuma fadada ayyuka ga wasu ƙasashen Yammacin Afirka ciki har da Ghana.

## Bayanan da aka yi amfani da su

## Haɗin waje

*
Marcia Ashong

**Marcia Ashong** 'yar Burtaniya ce  'yar kasuwa 'yar Ghana kuma lauya an san ta da rawar da ta taka wajen bayar da shawarar wakilcin mata a cikin boardrooms. Ita ce babbar darektar The Boardroom Africa (TBR Africa), da Brace Energy.

## Ƙuruciya da ilimi
An haifi Marcia a Burtaniya ga dangin Fante. Ta halarci Jami'ar Minnesota kuma ta sami digiri  a cikin Harkokin Ƙasa da Kasa da Kimiyyar Siyasa. Ta kuma yi karatu a Jami'ar Exeter kuma ta sami LLB Hons. (Law) kuma a Jami'ar Dundee ta sami Master of Laws (LLM) a Dokar Makamashi da Manufofi.

## Sana'a
Marcia Ashong ita ce ta kafa kuma darektan zartarwa na The Boardroom Africa (TBR Africa) da Brace Energy.

A shekarar 2017, an ba ta suna a cikin 20 Manyan  'Yan kasuwa 40 na Ghana.A shekarar 2010, ta kafa kungiyar  na Ghana (GOC), kungiyar da ke baiwa kwararrun man fetur da makamashi damar yin shawarwari kan bangarorin man fetur da makamashi na Ghana.    A cikin watan Yunin, 2020, an nuna Ashong a cikin kasida ta Kayayyakin Haɗin gwiwar *Polaris*, a ƙarƙashin jerin Amplified don ɗan adam da ƙirƙira, an yi hira da ita tare da wasu daga ko'ina cikin duniya.  

## Nasarori

* Wacce ta lashe kyautar Hakkokin Dan Adam. 

## Manazarta
Samuel Attah-Mensah

**Samuel Attah-Mensah**, wanda kuma aka fi sani da 'Sammens', ɗan jarida ne na Ghana, ɗan kasuwa kuma malami. Shi ne manajan daraktan gidan rediyon Citi FM mai magana da Ingilishi wanda ya samu lambar yabo a Accra. Sannan kuma shi ne Mataimakin Shugaban Kungiyar Masu Watsa Labarai ta Ghana (GIBA).  Shi ne Fellow of the third class of the African Leadership Initiative-West Africa kuma memba na Cibiyar Shugabancin Duniya ta Aspen.  

## Ilimi
A shekarar 1992, Attah-Mensah ya kammala  karatu daga Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah (Ghana) da digiri na farko a Kimiyyar Kwamfuta da MBA daga Jami'ar Leicester, UK. Kafin nan, ya halarci Makarantar Hecta a Akyem Oda, da Gwajin Jiha a Kumasi.  

## Ƙuruciya
An haifi Attah-Mensah a Tema a Ghana.  Ya yi digiri na farko a fannin Computer Science a Kwame Nkrumah University of Science &amp;amp; Technology da MBA daga Jami'ar Leicester da ke Birtaniya.  Ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na kungiyar masu watsa shirye-shirye na kasa da kasa kuma ya kasance mataimakin shugaban kungiyar masu watsa shirye-shirye masu zaman kansu ta Ghana (GIBA).

## Sana'a
Attah-Mensah ya fara aikinsa a matsayin jami'in tsarin IT tare da ICL Computers da Digitronix Systems, hada tsarin aiki tare da tallace-tallace da kasuwanci.  Daga nan sai ya shiga harkar watsa labarai, da farko a matsayin sha’awa sannan daga baya ya gina sana’a da ita. Attah-Mensah ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Manajan Raya Kasuwa na Kamfanin Coca-Cola na Yammacin Afirka a Laberiya da Saliyo, inda ya yi aikin sake gina Coca-Cola a wadannan kasashe bayan yakin basasa. 

A shekara ta 2015 Atta-Mensah an san ya yi addu'a ga kotun kolin Ghana da ta shiga tsakani bayan da kakakin majalisar dokokin kasar Edward Doe Adjaho ya ki amincewa da rantsar da shi na wajibi, kafin ya zama shugaban kasa, lokacin da shugaban kasar John Dramani Mahama da kuma Mataimakinsa ya tafi ne a kan ayyukan hukuma. 

A ranar 13 ga watan Afrilu, 2018, fadar shugaban kasa ya nada Attah-Mensah a matsayin shugaban hukumar raya gabar teku da mataimaka hudu. Bayan da ya yi kasa da watanni shida yana mulki, ya yi murabus daga mukamin shugaban hukumar raya gabar teku.  Har ila yau, Attah-Mensah yana cikin kwamitin Starwin Products Ltd. kuma memba na jagoranci na Afirka. Yana da kusan shekaru 15 na gwaninta gabaɗaya, tallace-tallace da sarrafa watsa labarai  kuma shine manajan darakta na Omni Media Ltd, ma'aikacin Citi 97.3 FM da Citifmonline.com. 

Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Daraktan Shirye-shirye a Multimedia Broadcasting, inda ya kula da kafa gidajen rediyo da dama a Accra, Kumasi da Tema, duk a Ghana. An karrama shi da lambar yabo ta musamman a gasar Gong Gong Awards karo na 13 da kungiyar Talla ta Ghana ta shirya. 

## Batun Ofishin Bincike na Kasa
A shekarar 2014, Ofishin Bincike na Ƙasa (BNI) ya ɗauke Samuel Atta-Mensah don amsa tambayoyi bayan buga wani labari a citifmonline.com game da 12&nbsp;kilogiram na shan miyagun kwayoyi a filin jirgin sama na Heathrow, wanda ya hada da wata mata 'yar Ghana.   Duk da sakin sa,  hukumar tsaron kasar ta sha suka da kakkausar murya kan abin da mutane da yawa suka yi imani da cewa wuce gona da iri ne. 

## Manazarta
Fakhr-un-Nisa

**Fakhr-un-Nisa Shuhdah Umm Muhammad al-Baghdadiyyah** ko **Shuhdah al-Baghdadiyyah**(ya rasu a shekara ta 1112)ta kasance malami,muhaddith kuma mai kirtani.An kira Shuhdha"mawallafin ƙira,girman kai na mace,muhaddithah(mace ta muhaddith)ta Iraki mai Isnadi mai girma."5

## Suna
Cikakken sunanta *Fakhr-un-Nisa Shuhdah Umm Muhammad bint Abu Nasr*.*Fakhr-un-Nisa*,a Larabci yana nufin"Daukakar Mace." An yi mata lakabi da *Shuhdah al-Baghdadiyyah* ko"Marubucin Baghdad"da *al Katibah*,ko kuma marubuciya mace.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Fakhr-un-Nisa Shuhdah a farkon karni na 11 a birnin Dinawar na Iran ga Abu Nasr Ahmad bn al-Faraj al-Dinawari (d.574). Kakanta ya kasance dillalin allura,don haka ya sami soubriquet al-Ibri'.Amma mahaifinta ne ya sami sha'awar hadisi,kuma ya yi nazarinsa a wurin masana da dama.Da yake bin Sunnah,shi da kansa ya bai wa diyarsa ingantaccen ilimi,inda ya tabbatar da cewa ta yi karatu a wajen malaman hadisai da yawa karbabbu.

Daga nan sai Fakhr-un-Nisa ya yi karatun hadisi a wurin mashahuran malamai na Bagadaza:Triad ibn Muhammad al-Zaynabi,Ibn Talhah al-Ni'ali,Anu I'Hasan bn Ayyub,Abu I-Khattab ibn Batir,Ahmad bn Abd al.Qadir bin Yusuf,da sauransu.Haka kuma ta samu darussa na Hadisi,ta kuma karanci wasu bangarori na ilimi karkashin jagorancin manyan malamai kamar su Abu Abdullahi Hasan bn Ahmad Nomani,Abubakar Muhammad bn Ahmad-As-Shashi,da Abu-Al-Husaini.

A lokacin, mata za su fara karatu tare da maza da mata masu ilimi a cikin gida. Sannan za su ci gaba da malamai na gida a wajen da'irar iyali.Idan suna da burin neman ilimi,9sai su je wurin malamai na wasu garuruwa da garuruwa.[ tattaunawa ]

Abul-faraj bn al-Jawzi ya yaba mata akan taqawa da ayyukan kirari da sadaka.4Al-Safadi ya lura da yawan iliminta na hadisi da takawa *da takawa* da kyautatawa.

## Nassoshi

## Kara karantawa

* Heath Jennifer. Scimitar Da Labule: Matan Musulunci Na Musamman. HiddenSpring, 2004.
* Khan Muhammad Shabir. Matsayin mata a Musulunci. Haq Islam. Bugawar APH 1996.
Koolhoven F.K.40

**Koolhoven F.K.40** ƙaramin jirgin sama ne da aka ƙirƙira a ƙasar Netherlands a shekarar 1928 don kamfanin jirgi na, KLM Royal Dutch Airlines.
## Hotuna




## Manazarta
Jahanara Begum

**Jahanara Begum**(23 Maris 1614-16 Satumba 1681)gimbiya Mughal ce kuma daga baya Padshah Begum na Daular Mughal daga 1631 zuwa 1658 kuma daga 1668 har zuwa mutuwarta.Ita ce ta biyu kuma babban ɗan sarki Shah Jahan da Mumtaz Mahal.

Bayan mutuwar Mumtaz Mahal a shekara ta 1631,Jahanara 'yar shekara 17 ta samu amanar hatimin sarauta kuma ta ba da sunan *Padshah Begum*(Matar farko)ta Daular Mughal,duk da cewa mahaifinta yana da mata uku da suka rage..Ita ce 'yar da Shah Jahan ya fi so kuma ta yi jima'i da mahaifinta a cewar masanin tarihi Francois Bernier.Ta yi babban tasiri a siyasa mace mafi karfi a daular"a lokacin. 

## A cikin shahararrun al'adu

* Mai shirya fina-finan Indiya FR Irani ya yi *Jahanara*(1935),fim ɗin magana da wuri game da ita.
* An kwatanta rayuwarta ta farko a cikin jerin littattafan Royal Diaries kamar yadda *[https://books.google.com/books?id=JkGoaOy5-EkC Jahanara:Princess of Princesses,India-1627]* ta Kathryn Lasky.
* Jahanara shine babban jarumin littafin nan *Beneath a Marble Sky* (2013)na John Shors.
* Ita ce babban jigo a cikin novel *Shadow Princess*(2010)wanda Indu Sundaresan ya rubuta.
* Jahanara kuma shine babban jigo a cikin Jean Bothwell's *An Omen don Gimbiya*(1963).
* Ita ce kuma jarumar a cikin littafin tarihi na Ruchir Gupta *Mistress of the Throne*(2014).
* Madhubala,Mala Sinha da Manisha Koirala sun fito da irin rawar da Jahanara ta taka a fina-finansu, wato *Mumtaz Mahal*(1944),*Jahan Ara* (1964)da *Taj Mahal:An Eternal Love Story*(2005).
* Jahanara babban jigo ne na littafin tarihin canji na 2017 *1636:Ofishin Jakadancin Zuwa Mughals* da 2021 mai bibiyar labari *1637:Al'arshin Peacock* daga *jerin Littafin Zobe na Wuta*.
* Jahan Ara shine babban jigon shirin wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi na Pakistan na 2022"Badshah Begum (jerin TV)"wanda Zara Noor Abbas suka buga,Momina Duraid da Rafay Rashidi suka shirya a ƙarƙashin tutar MD Productions,HumTv.

## Zuri'a

## Adabi

## Nassoshi
Eder Militão

**Éder Gabriel Militão** ( Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈɛdɛʁ ɡabɾiˈɛw miliˈtɐ̃w] ; an haife shi 18 ga Janairu 1998) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Brazil wanda ke taka leda a ƙungiyar La Liga ta Real Madrid da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Brazil . An yi la'akari da shi daya daga cikin mafi kyawun masu tsaron gida a duniya, an san shi don magancewa, yin alama da iyawar iska.   Yafi dan baya na tsakiya, kuma zai iya taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya ko mai tsaron baya-tsakiyar . 

Militão ya fara aikinsa a São Paulo, yana buga wasanni 57 a tsawon shekaru biyu kafin ya koma Porto . A shekarar 2019, bayan kakar wasa daya a kasar Portugal, ya koma Real Madrid akan kudi Yuro 50&nbsp;miliyan. Ya lashe gasar La Liga guda biyu, da gasar zakarun Turai a 2022.

Militão ya buga wasansa na farko a duniya a Brazil a cikin 2018. Ya kasance cikin tawagarsu da suka lashe Copa América a 2019 kuma ya zo na biyu a 2021, kuma yana taka leda a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA 2022.

## Aikin kulob

### Aikin kulob
An haife shi a Sertãozinho a cikin jihar São Paulo, Militão ya fara taka leda a kungiyar matasa ta São Paulo FC a cikin 2010. Ya fara a cikin tawagar farko don 2016 Copa Paulista, kuma ya yi muhawara a kan 2 Yuli a cikin asarar 2-1 a Ituano ; kungiyar da ta fito daga babban birnin jihar ta fara buga gasar a karon farko, tare da kungiyar ‘yan kasa da shekara 20.  Ya buga wasanni 11 kuma ya zira kwallaye 2, na farko shine a cikin gida 4-0 da CA Juventus ta doke CA Juventus a ranar 18 ga Satumba wanda ya tabbatar da cancantar zuwa zagaye na biyu. . Militão ya fara wasansa na farko na ƙwararru a ranar 14 ga Mayu 2017 a cikin rashin nasara da ci 1–0 a hannun Cruzeiro, wasan buɗe ido na 2017 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A .  Ya buga wasanni 22 a kakar wasa yayin da kulob din ya kare a matsayi na 13, kuma an kore shi ranar 12 ga Nuwamba zuwa karshen wasan da aka tashi 1-1 a Vasco da Gama .  Ya ba da gudummawar kwallaye biyu akan kamfen, farawa ta hanyar buɗe nasara 2–1 a abokan gwagwarmaya Vitória a ranar 17 ga Satumba.

Militão ya yi bayyanarsa ta ƙarshe a ƙungiyar a ranar 5 ga Agusta 2018 lokacin da *Tricolor* ta doke Vasco 2–1 don isa matsayi na farko a gasar ta ƙasa ta shekara . 

## Manazarta
Bridget Boakye

**Bridget Boakye** 'yar kasuwa ce ta Ghana, masaniyar kimiyar bayanai kuma marubuciya.  Ta haɗu da TalentsinAfrica, ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin haɓaka fasaha na Afirka cikin sauri da dandamali na daukar ma'aikata. Kamfanin nata yana cikin manyan kamfanoni 20, da aka zaba a watan Oktoba 2019, don Haɗin Kasuwancin Harambe a Bretton Woods, New Hampshire.  Kamfanin nata ya kuma fito a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan kamfanoni uku na farko a bikin baje kolin kirkire-kirkire na jami'ar Oxford. 

## Shekarun farko da ilimi.
An haifi Bridget kuma ta girma a Ghana. Ta koma Amurka don zama da iyayenta tun tana da shekaru goma sannan ta kammala karatunta na jami'a a Kwalejin Swarthmore, inda ta kammala karatun digiri a fannin tattalin arziki.  

## Ayyuka.
Bayan ta kammala karatun sakandare a Kwalejin Swarthmore, ta yi aikin ci gaba da ilimi kafin ta koma Ghana.

Ta kasance edita a She Leads Africa inda ta fi yin muhawara kan tarihin Afirka, mata, tattalin arziki da kasuwanci.  A Ghana, ta haɗu da TalentsinAfrica da ChaleKasa.  TalentsinAfrica wani dandali ne na daukar ma'aikata da AI ke goyan bayan dimokaradiyya don samun dama ga matasan Afirka, yayin da ChaleKasa kamfani ne na al'amuran da suka dace da ke ba da gogewa don haɗa ƴan ƙasashen waje da na Afirka. Ita ce kuma wacce ta kafa kungiyar mata ta Corner GH kuma mai ba da shawara ga 'yan Afirka kan kasar Sin.  

## Ganewa.

* Ita ce Amplify Africa Fellow
* Ita mamba ce ta Global Shapers Accra Hub. 
* An ba ta suna Frank 5 Fellow na Kwalejin Swarthmore, 2018-2019
* Hamambe Alliance Entrepreneur Associate, 2019

## Tallafawa.
A yayin bikin cikarta shekaru 27, da haihuwa, Bridget ta hada kai da Crowdfrica.org don samar da Bridget Gives @ 27, wani shiri na tara kudade wanda ta yi amfani da shi wajen tara dala 2,000, daga abokanta da danginta don tallafawa samar da kiwon lafiya ga mutanen Ohua Ghana. 

## Manazarta.
Lili Berger

**Lili Berger** (30 Disamba 1916 - 27 Nuwamba 1996) marubuciya ce ta Yadish, mai fafutuka kuma mai sukar adabi.

## Rayuwa
An haife ta a yankin Białystok a Poland kuma ta girma a cikin dangin Bayahude Orthodox, Lili Berger ta fara karatunta  cikin harshen Ibrananci kuma daga baya aka tura ta makarantar sakandare ta duniya a Warsaw. A 1933, ta koma Brussels, inda ta yi karatu a pedagogy. Shekaru uku bayan haka, ta zauna a Paris inda ta auri Louis Gronowski, wani muhimmin jami'in sashin Yahudawa na Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Faransa.A cikin shekarun 1930, ta yi aiki ga mujallun Yiddish da yawa. A cikin shekaru na yakin duniya na biyu, ta shiga Faransa Resistance da Jamus mamaya.A 1949, ta koma Poland kuma ta zauna a Warsaw. Bayan rikicin siyasa na 1968 a Poland kuma ta fuskanci tashin hankali na kyamar baki,ta bar kasar kuma ta sake zama a Faransa.Ta haɓaka ayyukan adabi a cikin yaren Yiddish har mutuwarta a 1996.

## Ayyuka

* *Ekhos fun a vaytn nekhtn*, Tel Aviv: Isroel bukh, 1986.
* *Eseyn un skitsn*, Warsaw: Yidish bukh, 1965.
* *Fun haynt un nekhtn*, Warsaw: Yidish bukh, 1965.
* *Abin farin ciki*, Paris: L. Berger, 1978.
* *Geshtaltn un pasirungen*, Paris: L. Berger, 1991.
* *In gang fun tsayt*, Paris: Berger, 1976.
* *In loyf fun tsayt*, Paris: Berger, 1988.
* *Nisht farendikte bletlekh*, Tel Aviv: Israel bukh, 1982.
* *Nokhn Mabl*, Warsaw: Yidish bukh, 1967.
* *Oyf di khvalyes fun goyrl*, Paris: L. Berger, 1986.
* *Opgerisene tsvaygn*, Paris: L. Berger, 1970.

## Littafi Mai Tsarki

* (ha) Dorothee van Tendeloo, "Berger, Lili", YIVO Encyclopedia
* van Tendeloo, Dorothée. "Taskokin Takarda: Gabatarwa ga Rayuwa da Aiki na Mawallafin Novel na Yiddish, Mawallafin Rubutun Lili Berger (1916-1996)." Littafin MA da ba a buga ba, London: 2000.

## Taskoki
Ana gudanar da tarihin Lili Berger na sirri a cikin tarin Maison de la al'adun yiddish a Paris.

## Nassoshi
Bear Yazo Tare

***Bear ya zo tare*** da littafin hoto na 2019 na Richard T. Morris kuma LeUyen Pham ya kwatanta.Yana ba da labarin ƙungiyar dabbobi a kan balaguron kogi.An buga shi a ranar 1 ga Yuni,2019,*Bear ya zo* ya dogara ne akan abubuwan da Morris ya yi na zuwa sansanin dare a karon farko. Launukan ruwa,tawada,da zane-zanen gouache Pham ya ƙirƙira sun kasance na musamman a gare ta.Masu suka sun rubuta game da ikonta na jujjuya sautuna daban-daban ta cikin hotuna.Waɗannan kwatancen kuma ana ganin su gabaɗaya suna cika jigon littafin na haɗin kai da wasu.An sake nazarin littafin gabaɗaya sosai kuma ya sami karramawar Caldecott na 2020.

## Fage da bugawa
Marubucin littafin,Richard T.Morris,ya ce ya dogara da halin bear a karon farko da ya yi zango a cikin dare.A wata hira,mai zane LeUyen Pham ta ce ta san yadda littafin da aka gama zai kasance nan da nan bayan karanta rubutun kuma ta yarda da hukumar.Ita ce ta fara ƙirƙirar shafukan ƙarshe,waɗanda a farkonsu suke baƙar fata da fari kuma tare da na ƙarshen launi,wanda ya taimaka mata ta fahimci duniyar littafin.Pham ta ji cewa littafin ya zo a lokacin da Amurka ta rabu kuma ta ba ta damar ba da labarin haɗin kai.

An buga littafin a ranar 1 ga Yuni,2019. Akwai kuma wani littafi mai jiwuwa, wanda Joshua Manning ya ruwaito, wanda ya yi amfani da tasirin sauti da sautin sauti don isar da tafiya.

## Makirci
Wani kogi ba shi da asali har sai da beyar ta zo ta fada cikin kogin aka dauke shi a kan katako.Wannan yana fara balaguro inda aka haɗa beyar zuwa ƙasa ta kwaɗo, kunkuru,beaver,raccoons,da agwagwa. Kowannensu yana da dabi'a ko ilimi sannan kuma ya rasa sanin wani abu. Misali,beaver ya san yadda ake kewayawa amma bai san yadda ake karkata ba. Bayan duck ya shiga,ƙungiyar ta ci karo da ruwa.Dabbobin sun sauka lafiya kuma sun gane cewa"suna cikinta tare".

## Nassoshi
Waƙar Bird (littafin hoto)

***Birdsong*** littafin hoto ne na yara na 2019 da Julie Flett ta rubuta kuma ta kwatanta. Littafin ya biyo bayan labarin wata yarinya ’yar asalin ƙasar mai suna Katherena, wadda ta ƙaura zuwa wani gida tare da mahaifiyarta.Ke kaɗai a sabon gidanta da farko, Katherena ta ƙulla abota da tsohuwar maƙwabciyarta,Agnes.Littafin ya yi bayani game da dangantakar tsakanin tsararraki da ke tsakaninsu.An kwatanta shafukan da pastel da launukan fensir.

Greystone Kids ya buga littafin a kan 24 Satumba 2019.Littafin ya sami tabbataccen bita daga masu suka, waɗanda suka yaba tsarin sa na yanayi, da sifofin dangantaka,da kuma taƙaitaccen zane.Ya bayyana a yawancin jerin bugu na"mafi kyawun"na ƙarshen shekara,gami da na *The Horn Book Magazine*,*Kirkus Reviews*,da *Mawallafa Mako-mako* .A cikin 2020,littafin ya sami lambar yabo ta TD Canadians Literature Award da lambar yabo ta Adabin Matasan Indiyawan Amurka.

## Makirci

## liyafar
Masu bita sun yaba wa littafin saboda tsarin sa na yanayi,bayyani na dangantaka, da kuma taƙaitaccen zane-zane.   Sujei Lugo na Mujallar *The Horn Book Magazine* ya yaba wa rubuce-rubucen"mai laushi da kaɗe-kaɗe"na littafin da kuma kwatanci don"bayyanar tafiyar da hankali na Agnes da Katherena". Lugo ya ji cewa waɗannan suna nuna ƙaunar jaruman kuma suna taimakawa wajen haɓaka al'adar girmama dattawa.  A cikin wata kasida da aka buga a cikin *Bulletin na Cibiyar Littattafan Yara*,Kate Quealy-Gainer ta yaba da aikinta na zane-zane,wanda ta bayyana a matsayin "dukkanin da aka yi la'akari da su tare da sautunan da ba su da kyau wanda ke bin sauyin yanayi daidai".*Kirkus Reviews* ya yarda kuma ya kira littafin"mai ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa".

## Manazarta
Blood-C: The Last Dark (fim)

***Blood-C:Duhu na Ƙarshe9***fim ne mai ban tsoro na 2012 na Jafananci dangane da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na anime na 2011 *Blood-C* wanda haɗin gwiwar studio Production IG da ƙungiyar masu fasahar manga CLAMP suka kirkira. Naoyoshi Shiotani ne ya jagoranci fim din, Junichi Fujisaku da Nanase Ohkawa suka rubuta, kuma Production IG ne suka shirya fim din an fito da shi a Japan a ranar 2 ga Yuni, 2012.

a cikin sararin samaniya na *Blood-C* bil'adama yana asirce ta hanyar tseren da ake kira Elder Bairnswanda aka kiyaye ciyarwarsa ta wata tsohuwar yarjejeniya mai suna Shrovetide.*Duhu na Ƙarshe* ya biyo bayan Saya Kisaragi yayin da take bin Fumito Nanahara-majiɓincin ɗan Adam na Shrovetide wanda ya yi amfani da shi kuma ya ci amanarta-ta hanyar Tokyo tare da taimakon wata ƙungiya ta ƙasa mai suna SIRRUT.

An shirya *Duhu na Ƙarshe* daga farkon aikin *Blood-C*,kuma da zarar an kammala tsare-tsare an haɓaka shi tare da jerin. Yayin da ya kare labarin *Blood-C*,fim ɗin ya dauki sautin daban-daban,kuma ya hada da jigogi da nassoshi na gani ga *jini: Vampire na arshe*.Fim din ya kuma kunshi wani hali daga jerin manga na CLMP *xxxHolic* a matsayin taho.Aniplex (Japan),Funimation(Arewacin Amurka), Manga Entertainment(Turai)da Madman Entertainment(Australia)ne suka gudanar da fitar da fitar da kafofin watsa labarai na gida bi da bi.An cakude liyafar fim din, inda ake samun yabo kan raye-raye da kade-kade,yayin da da yawa ke zargin labarinsa da cewa ba shi da ci gaba ko kuma ya yi nisa da shirin da ya kammala.

## Bayanan kula da nassoshi

### Bayanan kula

### Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin hadi na waje

* Blood-C: The Last Dark (film) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia
* 
* Blood-C: The Last Dark at The Big Cartoon DataBase
Susie Bootja Bootja Napaltjarri

**Susie Bootja Bootja Napaltjarri**(kuma ana kiranta da **Susie Bootja Bootja Napangardi**,**Napangarti**,ko **Napangati** )  (c.1935-16 Janairu 2003)ɗan asalin ɗan asalin yankin Hamadar Yamma ce.An haife shi kudu maso yammacin Balgo, Yammacin Ostiraliya,a cikin 1950s Susie Bootja Bootja ta auri mai zane Mick Gill Tjakamarra,wanda ta haifi ɗa,Matthew Gill Tjupurrula(kuma mai fasaha).

Aikin zanen Susie Bootja Bootja ya biyo bayan kafawar Warlayirti Artists,cibiyar fasahar ƴan asalin ƙasar a Balgo.Ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun masu fasaha a yankin,aikinta yana da salo mai ma'ana, kuma an same shi ta hanyar manyan gidajen tarihi na Ostiraliya,gami da Hotunan Art na New South Wales da National Gallery na Victoria.Ta rasu a shekara ta 2003.

## Tari

* Gidan kayan gargajiya na New South Wales
* Tarin kayan tarihi na fasaha na Jami'ar Flinders
* National Gallery na Victoria
* Kluge-Ruhe Aboriginal Art Collection, Jami'ar Virginia
* Holmes à Tarin Kotun 

## Bayanan kula


## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Patricia McFadden

**Patricia McFadden** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1952) 'yar Afirka ce mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, masaniyar ilimin zamantakewa, marubuciya, malama, kuma mawallafiya daga eSwatini.  Ita ma 'yar gwagwarmaya ce kuma ƙwararriyar da ta yi aikin yaƙi da wariyar launin fata fiye da shekaru 20.  McFadden ta yi aiki a cikin ƙungiyoyin mata na Afirka da na duniya ma. A matsayinta na marubuciya, an zalunce ta a siyasance.  Ta yi aiki a matsayin editan *Binciken Mata na Kudancin Afirka* da *Ra'ayin Mata na Afirka*.   A halin yanzu tana koyarwa, kuma tana ba da shawarwari ga al'amuran mata na duniya.  McFadden ta yi aiki a matsayin farfesa a Jami'ar Cornell, Kwalejin Spelman, Jami'ar Syracuse da Kwalejin Smith a Amurka.  Har ila yau, tana aiki a matsayin "mai ba da shawara kan mata", tana tallafa wa mata wajen samar da wuraren zama na mata masu dorewa a cikin Afirka ta Kudu. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Ta halarci Jami'ar Botswana da Swaziland inda ta karanta harkokin siyasa da gudanarwa, tare da ilimin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa tun tana karama.  Sannan ta tafi Jami'ar Dar es Salaam don yin digiri na biyu a fannin zamantakewa.  Ta sami digiri na uku a Jami'ar Warwick da ke Burtaniya a shekarar 1987. 

## Sana'a
Ta yi aiki a matsayin jami'ar shirye-shirye a Cibiyar Nazarin Siyasa ta Yankin Kudancin Afirka (SARIPS) a Zimbabwe, daga shekarun 1993 zuwa 2005.  Ta yi aiki a matsayin editan *Binciken Mata na Kudancin Afirka* daga shekarun 1995 zuwa 2000. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar kasa da kasa a Jami'ar Mata ta Duniya (IFU) daga shekarun 1998 zuwa 2000 a Hanover.  Ta kuma koyar a cikin shirin Masters in Social Policy (MPS) wanda SARIPS ke bayarwa tsawon shekaru bakwai da suka gabata. Ta kasance mataimakiyar farfesa a shirin Nazarin Jami'ar Syracuse a ƙasashen waje a Zimbabwe sannan daga baya a wurin iyaye a Syracuse New York a matsayin mamba a Sashen Nazarin Amirka da Afirka.

### Aiki
A matsayinta na marubuciya, manyan wuraren binciken hankali na McFadden sune: jima'i, lafiyar haihuwa da jima'i, da kuma ainihi, cin zarafi da zama ɗan ƙasa ga matan Afirka.  Ta gabatar da kasidu da dama a jami'o'i da tarurruka da tarurrukan karawa juna sani na duniya a kasashen Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Namibiya, Afirka ta Kudu, Ghana, Djibouti, Kenya, Uganda, Brazil, Sin, Jamus, Habasha, Birtaniya da sauransu.

## Wallafe-wallafe

### Kasidu

* "Zama Bayan Mulkin Mallaka: Matan Afirka Suna Canza Ma'anar 'Yan Kasa" - 2005. 
* "Kalubalen HIV da AIDS: Juriya da Ba da Shawara a cikin Rayuwar Mata Baƙar fata a Kudancin Afirka" 
* "Yaki Ta hanyar Lens na Mata" 
* "Tsakanin Dutse da Wuri Mai Wuya: Matsayin Mata a cikin 'Muhawarar Afirka,' da 'Patriarchy'"
* "Sexualism and Globalization" 

### Littattafai

* "Gender a Kudancin Afirka: Ra'ayin jinsi" (Sapes Books) - 1998 
* "Tunani kan Batutuwan Jinsi a Afirka" (Sapes Books) - 1999 
* "Sake Tunanin Iyali a Canjin Muhalin Kudancin Afirka" tare da Sara C. Mvududu (Cibiyar Afirka ta Kudu), 2001.  

## Kyauta

* Hellman/Hammett lambar yabo ta Human Rights Watch ( Human Rights Watch ) - 1999
* Mai magana mai mahimmanci a AFEMS 2019,  a Jami'ar Witwatersrand

## Manazarta
Sarah Mkhonza

**Sarah Mkhonza** (an haifi **Sarah Thembile Du Pont**; a ranar 7 ga watan Mayun shekara ta 1957) marubuciya ce ta Swazi, Malama kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata da ke zaune a Amurka.

Mkhonza ta sami PhD daga Jami'ar Jihar Michigan. Ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yan jarida ga *Times of Swaziland* da *The Swazi Observer* kuma ta koyar da Turanci da Harsuna a Jami'ar Swaziland. Domin rubutun nata yana sukar hukumomi a Swaziland, an umarce ta da ta daina rubutawa. Barazana da cin zarafi da suka biyo baya ya kai ta neman mafakar siyasa a Amurka a shekarar 2005. 

Mkhonza ta kafa Ƙungiyar Matan Afirka da Ƙungiyar Asusun Littattafai na Afirka a Jami'ar Jihar Michigan. Ta yi koyarwa a Cibiyar Nazarin Afirka da Bincike a Jami'ar Cornell, a Jami'ar Boston da Jami'ar Stanford. 

A shekarar 2002, ta sami lambar yabo ta Hammett-Hellman daga Human Rights Watch. Mkhonza kuma ta sami lambar yabo ta Oxfam Novib/PEN. 

## Ayyukan da aka zaɓa

* *Abin da zai faru nan gaba (What the Future Holds)* (1989)
* *Ciwon kuyanga (Pains of a Maid)* (1989)
* *Labarai Biyu (Two Stories)* (2007)
* *Mace a cikin Bishiya (Woman in a Tree)* (2008)
* Weeding the  *Flowerbeds* (2008)

## Manazarta
Doo Aphane

**Doo Aphane** lauyar Swazi ce kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin 'yancin mata. Ta yi aiki da kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama da na mata da dama kuma a shekarar 2012 ta yi nasarar sauya dokar Swaziland ta ba wa matan aure damar rike kadarori da sunan su.

## Sana'a/Aiki
Doo Aphane tana da babban digiri na shari'a da ayyuka a matsayin lauya, wacce ta ƙware a dokar jinsi. Ta kafa Ƙungiyar Mata don Ci gaban Mata, ta kasance darekta na kamfani, kuma ta kafa asibitin taimakon shari'a na Majalisar Cocin Swaziland. Aphane tana gudanar da bincike na shari'a kuma ita ce marubuciyar  takardun ilimi da yawa. Ita ce kuma mace ta farko ta kasa mai kula da mata da shari'a ta Swaziland da kungiyar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Kudancin Afirka sannan kuma ita ce mai kula da yankin na kasashen kudancin Afirka shida na shirin 'yancin mata na shari'a. Aphane ta kasance mataimakiyar shugabar cibiyar kula da asusun kula da mata ta duniya kuma ta kasance memba a kwamitin ba da shawara na fasaha na kungiyar raya kasashen kudancin Afirka kan cutar kanjamau daga shekarun 2007-2012. Har ila yau, ta kasance mambar hukumar sadarwar Matasa ta Swaziland, Cibiyar Bayani da Tallafawa Kanjamau kuma ta kasance mamba a dandalin Mata na Afirka. 

Aphane ta gargadi gwamnatin kasar Swaziland cewa yajin aikin da malamai suka dade a shekarar 2012 na shafar ilimin yara da rashin zuwa makaranta ya sanya su cikin hadarin lalata da kuma amfani da muggan kwayoyi.  Haka kuma a shekarar 2012 ta samu nasara a wata kara a kotun kolin kasar Swaziland inda take kalubalantar haramcin da aka haramta wa matan aure mallakar kadarorin ko dai da sunan su ko kuma tare da mijinta; Daga baya aka yi wa dokar kwaskwarima.  

## Manazarta
Tova Ben-Dov

**Tova Ben-Dov** ( Ibraniyawa:טובה בן-דב) Shugabar Rayuwa ta Girmamawa ta Ƙungiyar Sayoniya ta Mata ta Duniya (WIZO),ƙungiyar Sahayoniya mafi girma ta mata a duniya.An zabe shi a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar WIZO ta Duniya daga 2012-2016.A cikin iyawarta a matsayin shugabar WIZO ta Duniya,ta kasance mataimakiyar shugabar Majalisar Yahudawa ta Duniya, mamba ce ta Hukumar Yahudawa ta Isra'ila kuma mamba a kungiyar Hadin Kan Mata ta Duniya.  An zabe shi ga Kwamitin Zartarwa na WJC,a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar Zartarwa da Daraja ta WJC na Majalisar Zartarwar Sihiyona.Ta kasance Shugabar Hulda da Jama'a;Shugaban Kayayyaki, Gine-gine,da Ci gaba;Mataimakin Shugaban Taro na Asusun kuma Ma'ajin na WIZO na Duniya,Mataimakin Shugaban Zartarwa kuma Shugaban Hukumar WIZO ta Duniya.

Alƙawarinta na sa kai na rayuwa ga WIZO ya fara ne tun tana ƙaramar uwa lokacin da ta shiga reshen WIZO a Herzliya Pituach.Tova ta yi aiki a cikin manyan ayyuka a WIZO Isra'ila ciki har da shugabar Sashen horar da mata, inda ta ɓullo da Shirye-shiryen da ake aiwatar da su a duk faɗin ƙasar da kuma tsakanin al'ummomin tsiraru;ya bude tashoshin tuntuba da cibiyoyin WIZO don karfafawa mata.A cikin 1983 Tova ta raka mijinta a kan aikin IUA na shekara 3 (Isra'ila United Appeal) zuwa Durban inda ta taka rawar gani a WIZO Afirka ta Kudu.Bayan dawowarta Isra'ila Tova ta ci gaba da zama a WIZO ta duniya kamar yadda shugabar sashen dukiya,gine-gine da raya kasa ta duniya WIZO;Ma'ajin WIZO na Duniya;Shugaban Hukumar WIZO ta Duniya kuma Shugaban WIZO na Duniya.A shekara ta 2011 an ba ta lambar yabo ta "Honoree of Tel Aviv"saboda damuwa,aminci da sadaukar da kai ga jin dadi da girmama birnin Tel Aviv.A cikin 2016 an ba Tova lakabin Daraja na Wakilin Majalisar Sahayoniya ta Duniya.

## Nassoshi
Erica Deichmann Gregg

**Erica Deichmann Gregg** CM( née Matthiesen;23 Yuli 1913-21 Mayu 2007) ɗan ƙasar Kanada ne mai tukwane. A cikin 1930s ita da mijinta na farko Kjeld Deichmann sun kirkiro tukwane na Deichmann,tukwane na farko na ɗakin karatu na Kanada.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Erica Luisa Matthiesen a Denmark,Wisconsin,ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'ya mata biyar na wani Fasto Lutheran na Danish.Iyalin sun koma Denmark sa’ad da Erica take ’yar shekara bakwai kuma ta yi kuruciyarta a can.A ƙarshen 1920s dangin sun ƙaura zuwa Kanada kuma suka zauna a Edmonton,inda ta sadu da Kjeld Deichmann, ɗan ƙaura na Danish.Ta auri Deichmann a cikin 1932 a Saint John, New Brunswick,kuma sun sauka a wata gona a yankin Kingston Peninsula kusa da Saint John.

## Aikin fasaha
Deichmanns sun shafe shekara guda a Turai,inda Kjeld ya koyi aikin tukwane tare da Axel Brüel,yana taimaka masa wajen gina kiln,kuma Erica ya yi karatun saƙa. Lokacin da suka dawo New Brunswick sun kafa ɗakin tukwane a gidansu,wanda suke kira Dykelands saboda kasancewar ƙananan dykes da yawa akan kayansu. Kjeld ya gina katafaren wuta a cikinta inda suka yi harbin farko a 1935.

Deichmanns an koyar da kansu da kansu kuma sun kammala hanyoyin samar da su ta hanyar gwaji akai-akai game da ƙirar kiln,abun da ke ciki na yumbu,da glazes. Erica ita ce ke da alhakin ƙirƙirar glazes,wanda ta yi fiye da 5,000 na gwaji a lokacin aikinta na tukwane. Har ila yau, ta yi ado da tukwane, yawanci ana yin zane a kan ɗanyen yumbu kafin a kora aikin a cikin kiln,da nau'ikan dabbobi masu kyan gani da hannu waɗanda ta kira "goofi".

A cikin 1956 Deichmanns sun ƙaura ɗakin ɗakin su na tukwane zuwa Sussex,New Brunswick.Kjeld Deichmann ya mutu kwatsam a watan Yuni 1963.Erica ta rufe ɗakin studio bayan mutuwar mijinta kuma ta daina yin tukwane.

## Daga baya rayuwa
A cikin 1964 ta auri jarumin yakin Kanada, ɗan siyasa kuma jami'in diflomasiyya Milton Fowler Gregg,sannan aka fi sani da Erica Deichmann Gregg.An nada ta memba na Order of Canada a cikin 1987. Maganar nadin nata ya lura cewa ban da kasancewa"mafi tasiri,mai samun lambar yabo ta duniya",ta kasance mai aikin sa kai ga kungiyoyi da yawa ciki har da" Society for the Preservation of New Brunswick's Covered Bridges,da Beaverbrook Art Gallery,da Conservation. Majalisar New Brunswick da Matsalolin Halitta na Sabon Aikin Brunswick".A cikin Mayu 1992 Jami'ar New Brunswick ta ba ta digirin digiri na digiri na digiri.

Erica Deichmann Gregg ya mutu a Hampton,New Brunswick a ranar 27 ga Mayu 2007.Ita da Kjeld Deichmann suna da ɗa ɗaya da 'ya'ya mata biyu,ɗaya daga cikinsu ita ce marubuciya kuma mawallafi Elisabeth Harvor.

## Nassoshi
Anne Grimdalen

**Anne Grimdalen**(1 Nuwamba 1899&#x2013;3 Oktoba 1961)yar ƙasar Norway ce sculptor.An haife ta a gonar dutse Grimdalen a Skafså,Telemark,kuma daga baya kuma ta rayu kuma ta yi aiki a cikin abin da ake kira *Kunstnerdalen* a Asker.Ta yi aiki musamman da granite,da kuma tagulla.Ana wakilta ta a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa na Norway,kuma ta kasance daya daga cikin manyan masu ba da gudummawa ga kayan ado na birnin Oslo.

## Ilimi
Grimdalen ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Kasuwancin Kasuwanci da Masana'antu ta Yaren mutanen Norway daga 1923 zuwa 1926,a Cibiyar Nazarin Fine ta Norway(1927-1929)a ƙarƙashin Wilhelm Rasmussen,kuma a Copenhagen ƙarƙashin Einar Utzon-Frank.Ta yi balaguro zuwa Italiya(1933-34),Girka (1935),Paris da Italiya(1938),da London (1947).Biyu daga cikin masu zuga ta su ne masu zane Henrik Sørensen da Otto Valstad.

## Gidan kayan tarihi

Gidan kayan gargajiya *na Grimdalstunet* ya kasance daga baya(a cikin 1965)an gina shi a gidan gonarta Grimdalen a Skafså (yanzu a cikin gundumar Tokke ),kuma ya ƙunshi tarin abubuwan sassaka 250 nata. Ita kanta gonar dutsen ita ma gidan kayan gargajiya ce,tare da gine-gine tun lokacin tattalin arzikin barter a karni na 17.

## Nassoshi
Guan Zilan

**Guan Zilan,**( Chinese;Janairu 1903-30 Yuni 1986),kuma aka sani da **Violet Kwan**, wani mai zanen avant-garde ne na ƙasar Sin.Ta kasance daya daga cikin masu fasaha na farko da suka gabatar da Fauvism ga ƙasar Sin,kuma ta shahara wajen amfani da salon zanen kasashen yamma ga al'adun gargajiyar ƙasar Sin. Babban aikinta shine *Hoton Miss L.* (1929).Ko da yake duniyar fasaha da aka fi so a ƙarshen shekarun 1920 da 1930,ta daina yin zanen bayan da aka fara juyin juya halin al'adu kuma an manta da ta galibi a cikin 'yan gurguzu na ƙasar Sin.

## Rayuwar farko da aiki

## Iyali
Guan Zilan yana da diya mai suna Liang Yawen(梁雅雯),da jikan Ye Qi(葉奇), wanda shi ne mai daukar hoto.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* 12 na zanen Guan Zilan daga 1928-1966
Cécile Guillame

**Cécile Guillame** (18 Yuli 1933 a Chassey-les-Montbozon-4 ga Agusta 2004) ita ce mace ta farko da ta zana tambarin gidan waya na Faransa.   

A cikin shekarun 1950,ta yi karatu a École des Beaux-Arts na Nancy da Paris inda ta zaɓi fasahar zane-zane.

Tambarin farko da ta zana ta Monaco ne a 1967 kuma ta wakilci motar Cooper - Climax wacce ta lashe Grand Prix na Monaco.Pierrette Lambert ne ya tsara shi.An ba da tambarin ta na farko ga Faransa a cikin 1973 kuma ta wakilci Clos Lucé a Amboise.

Lokacin da ta yi ritaya a 1993,ta zana ko tsara tambari fiye da ɗari uku don Faransa,ofisoshin gidan waya na Faransa a Andorra,Monaco,da yankunan Faransanci na ketare,da kuma wasu ƙasashen Afirka masu magana da Faransanci.

## Nassoshi
Isaac Paha

**Isaac Paha** kocin kwallon kafarne na  Ghana, kuma tsohon dan wasa, ya yi wasa da Sekondi Hasaacas a cikin 1980s. 

## Sana'arsa a wasa
Paha tsohon memba ne na Black Stars kuma shine kyaftin din kungiyar a 1984. 

## sanaar kochi
Matsayinsa na horarwa na baya-bayan nan shine tare da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Ghana, wacce aka kore shi daga cikin Maris 2008. 

## Rayuwarsa ta sirri
Paha ƙane ne na ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa PSK Paha, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin kyaftin lokacin da Black Stars ta lashe gasar cin kofin Afirka na 1978, taken 3rd ga Ghana. 

## Manazarta