Rigima tsakanin Bankuna V. Telcos USSD

**Banks** **V. Telcos USSD Disputewata,**takaddama ce ta kasuwanci ta 2019 a Najeriya tsakanin bankunan da kamfanonin sadarwa game da wanda ya kamata ya biya don amfani da Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD) don ma'amaloli na kudi kamar canja wurin kuɗi, ma'aunin asusun ajiya da kuma abubuwan da suka fi dacewa a lokacin iska.  Wannan sabis ɗin ya sami amfani sosai a Najeriya a cikin 2015 kuma jayayya ta kasance game da wanda ya kamata ya biya kuɗin waɗannan ma'amaloli. 

Bankunan kasuwanci suna inganta ayyukan USSD sosai don inganta ayyukan su na kudi ga abokan ciniki da samar da ƙarin kudaden shiga. Amma babu wata yarjejeniya tsakanin masu ba da sabis na sadarwa da bankunan kasuwanci game da wanda zai biya kuɗin sabis na USSD.

## Rikici
A watan Oktoba na 2019, kamfanonin sadarwa da bankunan kasuwanci sun shiga cikin rikici a fili game da cajin sabis na USSD biyo bayan kin amincewar bankunan su biya don ayyukan da abokan cinikin su suka yi amfani da su. Bankunan sun ba da shawarar ga telcos don karɓar biyan kuɗi na ƙarshe yayin karɓar kuɗi don ma'amaloli na USSD. Amma telcos ba su yarda ba saboda dalilai biyu: Na farko, wannan zai zama biyan kuɗi sau biyu ga masu amfani na ƙarshe yayin da bankunan suka riga sun caji da karɓar kuɗi don ma'amaloli na USSD. Na biyu, mai kula da sadarwa, Hukumar Sadarwar Najeriya, NCC ta hana telcos daga cajin kudade don ma'amaloli na kudi da aka gudanar a dandamali na USSD. Wannan ya sanya telcos a cikin asarar.

A ranar 21 ga Oktoba 2019 MTN ta karɓi biyan kuɗi na ƙarshe da bankunan suka gabatar kuma ta ba da sanarwar damar N4 a kowace dakika 20 na sabis na USSD ga masu biyan kuɗi. Amma NCC ta ba da umarnin dakatar da cajin samun sabis nan take. Babban Bankin Najeriya, CBN ne ya goyi bayan wannan wanda ya ce USSD "farashin kuɗi ne" (ma'ana ba ƙarin farashi ba a kan ababen more rayuwa na kamfanin sadarwa). Amma MTN ta yi jayayya cewa ƙarin farashi ne akan kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa. Daga baya a watan Disamba, Ƙungiyar Sadarwar Sadarwa ta Najeriya (ALTON), don tallafawa MTN ta ce telcos ta saka hannun jari sosai a cikin kayan aikin sabis na USSD kuma ta yi barazanar rufewa idan ba za a ba telcos damar cajin kuɗin samun damar sabis na US SD ba tare da shawarar cewa telcos za su ba da sabis na USDS kyauta kawai idan bankunan sun daina cajin masu biyan kuɗi don wannan sabis ɗin.  Mataimakin Shugaban zartarwa, NCC a wani taro tare da Association of Telecommunications Companies of Nigeria (ATCON) ya ba da sanarwar cewa bankunan suna bin masu ba da sabis na sadarwar wayar hannu N17 biliyan don ayyukan da aka bayar a cikin lokacin da aka dakatar da cajin samun damar USSD.

A cikin 2020, NCC ta rage kuɗin samun damar sabis na USSD zuwa N1.63 daga N4.86 kuma ta ba da umarnin cewa a biya caji ta hanyar tsarin biyan kuɗi na kamfanoni, a hukumance yana sanya bankunan da ke da alhakin biyan kuɗin sabis na US SD. Amfani da USSD ya karu da kashi 14.5 cikin dari a watan Maris na 2020, saboda ƙuntatawa na COVID-19 kuma a watan Yuni na wannan shekarar, an sanya darajar a cikin lokacin kuɗi a N390 biliyan kuma matsakaicin darajar ma'amaloli na USSD ya tashi zuwa N230 biliyan. Bankin Amincewa na Garantry (GTB) kadai ya ba da rahoton tiriliyan 3.89 a cikin darajar ma'amala ta USSD don 2020. Kudin sabis na USSD da bankunan ke bin telcos ya karu da kashi 147 cikin dari (daga N17 biliyan a cikin 2019 zuwa N42 biliyan a 2020). A watan Maris na 2021, ALTON ta ba da sanarwar cewa telcos za su janye ayyuka ga cibiyoyin hada-hadar kudi bayan tabbatar da yarjejeniya tare da NCC da kuma cire masu ba da sabis na kudi (FSPs) daga ayyukan USSD har sai bankunan sun share bashin. Masu kula da kudi da sadarwa, CBN da NCC a ranar 16 ga Maris 2021 sun ba da sanarwar cewa sun warware rikicin cajin sabis na USSD ta hanyar gabatar da ƙimar N6.98 ta hanyar samun damar USSD. Wannan ya maye gurbin hanyar biyan kuɗi ta kamfanoni da aka gabatar a cikin 2020. Wannan sabon ƙuduri ya sha wahala yayin da jayayya tsakanin telcos da bankunan game da bashin cajin sabis ɗin da aka tara ya kasance. Duk da yake telcos sun ci gaba da cewa abin da bankunan ke bin sa ya karu daga biliyan N42 zuwa biliyan N45, bankunan sun bayyana cewa ba su da bashin telcos da suka tara kuɗin sabis na USSD.

## Bankuna sun dakatar da MTN
A watan Afrilu na 2021, bankunan sun hana masu biyan MTN na kwanaki biyu (2-4 Afrilu) sayen lokacin iska daga asusun banki ta hanyar USSD da aikace-aikacen wayar hannu na banki biyo bayan rage MTN na kwamishinan da ke biyan bankunan don sayen lokacin watsa labarai a tashoshin banki daga 4.5 zuwa 2.5%.. MTN sa'an nan kuma ta amsa ta hanyar gabatar da wasu tashoshin don saman iska kamar Sparkle, Konga Pay, MTN On-Demand, MTN Xtratime airtime loans, Flutterwave, Jumia Pay, OPay, Kuda, Carbon da BillsnPay. MTN daga baya ta dawo da kwamishinan sabis na kashi 4.5 bayan sa hannun CBN.

## Bayanan da aka yi amfani da su