Don Chipp

**Donald Leslie Chipp**, AO (21 ga watan Agustan 1925 - 28 ga watan Agusta 2006) ɗan siyasan Australiya ne wanda ya kasance shugaban farko na 'Yan Democrat na Australiya, wanda ya jagoranci jam'iyyar daga 1977 zuwa 1986. Ya fara aikinsa a matsayin memba na Jam'iyyar Liberal, inda ya lashe zaben Majalisar Wakilai a shekarar 1960 kuma ya zama ministan gwamnati na tsawon shekaru shida. Chipp ya bar Liberal a shekara ta 1977 kuma nan da nan aka rinjaye shi ya jagoranci sabuwar jam'iyya, 'yan Democrat wadanda, ya yi shelar da shi a shekara ta 1980, za su "ci gaba da kasancewa da gaskiya". An zabe shi a Majalisar Dattijai a ranar 10 ga Disamba 1977 kuma ya jagoranci jam'iyyar a zabuka hudu na tarayya. Daga shekara ta 1983 ta riƙe daidaitattun iko a Majalisar Dattijai. Ya yi ritaya daga majalisa a shekarar 1986, bayan ya yi aiki na tsawon shekaru 25.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Don Chipp a Melbourne kuma ya yi karatu a Makarantar Firamare ta Northcote, Makarantar Sakandare ta Northcote da Jami'ar Melbourne, inda ya kammala karatu a kasuwanci. Bayan ya buga wasan kwallon kafa na Australiya a Heidelberg, ya taka leda a takaice a Gasar kwallon kafa ta Victoria tare da Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Fitzroy (ya buga wasanni uku a 1947, don burin daya). Ya kuma buga wa Prahran wasa a VFA kuma ya kasance memba na kungiyar firaministan su ta 1951. Wani zakara mai tsere, an kayar da shi a tseren ƙafa na Stawell Gift na 1953.  : 17 

Bayan ya yi aiki a cikin Royal Australian Air Force a yakin duniya na biyu, Chipp ya yi aiki ne a matsayin mai rejista na Cibiyar Nazarin Kasuwanci ta Commonwealth daga 1950 zuwa 1955. A shekara ta 1955, an nada shi babban jami'in zartarwa na kwamitin Olympic Civic wanda ke da hannu wajen shirya wasannin Olympics na 1956 a Melbourne. Daga baya, ya yi aiki a matsayin manajan Kwamitin Ci Gaban Victoria, kuma ya kuma gudanar da nasa mai ba da shawara kan gudanarwa. Daga 1958 zuwa 1961, ya kasance memba na Majalisar Birnin Kew .

## Farkon aikin majalisa

Chipp ya shiga siyasar tarayya a shekarar 1960 a matsayin memba na Liberal na Higinbotham a kudancin Melbourne. An soke Higinbotham a shekarar 1969, kuma Chipp ya bi mafi yawan masu jefa kuri'a zuwa sabon wurin zama na Hotham. Firayim Minista Harold Holt ya ba shi fayilolin Sojan Ruwa da Yawon Bude Ido a shekarar 1967. Bayan bacewar Holt kwatsam a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1967, Chipp ya riƙe waɗannan fayiloli a cikin ɗan gajeren gwamnatin wucin gadi na shugaban jam'iyyar Country Party John McEwen, amma sabon Firayim Minista na Liberal, John Gorton ya sauke shi daga ma'aikatar. Wannan wani bangare ne saboda Chipp ya goyi bayan wani dan takara, Billy Snedden, a cikin kuri'un shugabancin Liberal kuma wani bangare saboda Chipp bai goyi bayan Royal Commission na biyu ba a cikin bala'in Voyager na 1964, wanda Gorton ya ji ya nuna mummunan a kan Royal Australian Navy.

Bayan Zaben 1969, Gorton ya nada Chipp a matsayin Ministan Kwastam da Haraji. A cikin wannan fayil ɗin, ya sami kulawa ta ƙasa ta hanyar kawar da tantance kayan da aka buga, ya kawar da litattafai da yawa, gami da Henry Miller's Tropic of Cancer, da kuma ba da izinin sayar da mujallar *Playboy*. Ya kuma kula da gabatar da takardar shaidar R don fina-finai a cikin 1970, wanda ya ba da damar sake nuna fina-fukkunan da aka haramta a baya kuma a nuna wa manya. Ayyukan sun sa ya shahara sosai amma abokan aikin Liberal Party masu ra'ayin mazan jiya sun ƙi su waɗanda suka bayyana shi a matsayin "ƙaramin mai sassaucin ra'ayi", tare da Snedden da Andrew Peacock.

Bayan da aka ci jam'iyyar Liberal Party a Zaben 1972 da Gough Whitlam na jam'iyyar Labor Party ya yi, Chipp ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Inuwa na Tsaron Jama'a. Ya kasance mai goyon bayan Snedden, wanda ya zama shugaban jam'iyya bayan shan kashi na 1972 amma ya rasa Zaben 1974 a kan Whitlam. Lokacin da Malcolm Fraser ya kori Snedden a matsayin jagora a watan Maris na shekara ta 1975, Chipp ya riƙe matsayinsa, amma ba sirri ba ne cewa maza biyu ba su ci gaba ba. Lokacin da aka nada Fraser a matsayin Firayim Minista bayan Gough Whitlam">korarsu Gough Whitlam a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 1975, ya ba Chipp fayiloli uku a ma'aikatar kula da shi: Tsaro, Lafiya, da Maidowa da Biyan Kuɗi. Koyaya, lokacin da Fraser ya lashe zaben a watan da ya biyo baya, Chipp ba a haɗa shi cikin ma'aikatar ba.

## Resignation from Liberal Party
A cikin littafinsa The Third Man, Chipp ya yi la'akari da tasirin "kamfen ɗin murmushi" don lalata shi a cikin Jam'iyyar Liberal. Wannan ya zo a kan 8 Maris 1977 lokacin da ya yi magana a taron Citizens for Democracy da aka halarta a Sydney Town Hall tare da wasu masu magana da suka hada da Frank Hardy, Patrick White, Donald Horne da Faith Bandler. Ya rubuta cewa "Masu sassaucin ra'ayi sun yi tunanin ba za a iya jurewa ba cewa kowane memba na jam'iyyar ya kamata ya bayyana tare da 'waɗannan mutane'". Chipp ya kammala da cewa: "A lokacin ne, na yi imanin, cewa na kammala cewa ba zan iya zama a cikin irin wannan jam'iyya ba. Na yi fushi da lakabin 'mai tawaye' wanda abokan aikina ke amfani da shi a gare ni". [1]::178-178 Hoton tawaye ya karu da gaskiyar cewa Chipp ya bar halartar liyafar majalisar dokokin Sarauniya Elizabeth II. Ya yanke shawarar girmama aikinsa na farko, wanda aka yada shi sosai. Taron, wanda 5,000 suka halarta, "kusan ya fita daga iko lokacin da na bayyana cewa Sir John Kerr ba shi da wani zaɓi sai dai ya yi aiki kamar yadda ya yi a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 1975. Donald Horne ya roki tsari, yana cewa "Wannan mutumin ya cancanci sauraro; yana sanya aikinsa na siyasa a kan layi ta hanyar magana a nan. "[1]: 178 

Chipp ya yanke shawarar yin murabus daga Jam'iyyar Liberal a ranar 24 ga Maris 1977 kuma ya kammala jawabinsa a wannan rana tare da wadannan:

## Manazarta