Dokar CLOUD

**Dokokin Amfani da Bayanai a Ketare** ko **Dokar CLOUD** ( H.R. 4943 ) dokar tarayya ce ta Amurka wacce aka kafa a cikin 2018 ta hanyar zartar da Dokar Haɓaka Haɓaka, 2018, PL 115-141, Division V.

Dokar CLOUD da farko tana gyara Dokar Sadarwar da aka Ajiye (SCA) na 1986 don ba da damar tilasta wa dokar tarayya tilastawa kamfanonin fasaha na Amurka ta hanyar sammaci ko sammaci don samar da bayanan da aka buƙata da aka adana akan sabar ba tare da la'akari da ko an adana bayanan a cikin Amurka ko a ƙasar waje ba. 

## Fage
An gabatar da Dokar CLOUD ne biyo bayan matsalolin da Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI) ke da shi tare da samun bayanan nesa ta hanyar masu ba da sabis ta hanyar sammacin SCA, kamar yadda aka rubuta SCA kafin lissafin girgije ya kasance fasaha mai dacewa.  An bayyana halin da ake ciki daga binciken fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi na 2013, lokacin da FBI ta ba da sammacin SCA na imel ɗin da wani ɗan ƙasar Amurka ya adana a ɗaya daga cikin sabar Microsoft na nesa a Ireland, wanda Microsoft ya ƙi bayarwa.

## Tanadi
Dokar CLOUD ta ce dole ne kamfanonin sadarwa na Amurka su samar da bayanan da aka adana ga abokin ciniki ko mai biyan kuɗi akan kowace uwar garken da suka mallaka kuma su yi aiki a lokacin da aka buƙace su ta hanyar garanti, amma ta samar da hanyoyin da kamfanoni ko kotuna za su ƙi ko ƙalubalantar waɗannan idan sun yi imanin buƙatar ta keta haƙƙin sirri na ƙasar waje bayanan da aka adana a ciki.

Har ila yau, yana ba da madadin hanya da sauri zuwa MLATs ta hanyar "yarjejeniyoyin zartarwa"; an baiwa bangaren zartaswa damar shiga yarjejeniyoyin bangarorin biyu tare da kasashen waje don samar da bayanan da ake bukata da suka shafi ‘yan kasarta cikin tsari mai inganci, muddin babban mai shari’a, tare da amincewar sakataren harkokin wajen Amurka, ya amince cewa kasar waje tana da isassun kariya a wurin da za ta takaita samun bayanai da suka shafi ‘yan kasar Amurka.   Irin wannan yarjejeniya ta farko ita ce da Burtaniya.  Akwai FAQ ɗin da aka liƙa a cikin farar takarda da Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Amurka ta buga. 

## Goyon baya da adawa
Dokar CLOUD ta sami tallafi daga Sashen Shari'a da na manyan kamfanonin fasaha kamar Microsoft, AWS, Apple, da Google .   Ƙungiyoyin kare hakkin jama'a da dama sun soki kudurin, da suka haɗa da Electronic Frontier Foundation, American Civil Liberties Union, Amnesty International, da Human Rights Watch . Wadannan rukunoni sun yi jayayya cewa lissafin kwantar da hankula ta hudu ga binciken da ba zai iya ba da zartar da bayanan ba yayin da aka bayar da irin waɗannan shaharar Amurka.   Wasu daga cikin waɗannan ƙungiyoyin suna tsoron gwamnati ba za ta yi cikakken nazarin buƙatun daga ƙasashen waje don 'yan ƙasarsu da aka adana a kan sabar a Amurka ba, wanda zai iya ba da damar yin amfani da irin waɗannan bayanan cikin mummunan imani a waɗannan ƙasashe. 

## Wucewa da kuma bayansa
Bayan gabatar da shi a cikin Majalisar Dokokin Amurka ta 115 a matsayin HR4943, an haɗa dokar a matsayin wani sashe na Dokar Haɓaka Ƙarfafa, 2018 ( H.R. 1625 ), lissafin kashe kudi na omnibus, wanda ya wuce majalisun majalisun biyu kuma aka sanya hannu kan doka, PL 115-141, akan Maris 23, 2018. 

A ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 2018, Kotun Koli, bisa la’akari da taƙaitaccen taƙaitaccen taƙaitaccen bayani da Ma’aikatar Shari’a ta gabatar, ta kori *[[Microsoft Corp. v. United States|Microsoft Corp. da Amurka]]*, kuma ta mayar da shi zuwa ƙaramar kotu don yin hakan, kamar yadda Ma’aikatar Shari’a ta sami damar samun sabon sammaci a ƙarƙashin Dokar CLOUD kuma ba ta ci gaba da bin sammacin farko ba, wanda ya sa shari’ar ta tabbata .   

### Halin kasa da kasa
Mai Kula da Kariyar Bayanan Turai (EDPS) ya kalli Dokar CLOUD a matsayin doka a cikin yiwuwar rikici da GDPR .    Kwamishinan Kare bayanai na Jamus ya yi gargaɗi game da amfani da Sabis na Yanar Gizo na Amazon na Amurka don adana mahimman bayanai ga 'yan sanda na Tarayya . 

Ana kallon wannan doka a matsayin kwatankwacin dokar leken asiri ta kasar Sin.  

Bayan dokar ta Cloud, ƙasashe da yawa sun ƙaddamar da matakan adana bayanai a cikin iyakokinsu. 

## Manazarta