Marie-José Chombart na Lauwe

**Marie-José Chombart de Lauwe** (an haife ta a ranar 31 ga Mayu 1923) 'yar ƙasar Faransa ce mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam kuma masaniyar zamantakewa. Ta kasance mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a Brittany, an kama ta a shekarar 1942, an tsare ta a gidajen yari daban-daban har sai da aka tura ta zuwa Ravensbrück a shekarar 1942. A can, ta yi aiki a masana'antar Siemens da kuma Kinderzimmer kafin a kwashe ta a shekarar 1945 ta hannun 'fararen bas' na ƙungiyar agaji ta Red Cross ta Sweden . Bayan ta dawo daga zaman ɗaurin kurkuku, ta zama ƙwararren masanin zamantakewa kuma tana aiki a fannin yaƙi don kare haƙƙin ɗan adam.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Chombart de Lauwe a birnin Paris a ranar 31 ga Mayu, 1923. Ita 'yar Suzanne Wilborts ce, ungozoma, da kuma Adrien Wilborts, likitan yara ɗan asalin Flemish. Mahaifinta ya ji rauni sakamakon iskar gas da aka samu daga ramuka a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya .   A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, ta yi hutunta a Côtes-d'Armor, a Bréhat, inda kakarta take zaune. A shekarar 1936, mahaifinta ya yi ritaya da wuri kuma dukkan iyalinta suka ƙaura zuwa tsibirin Bréhat . Tana da shekaru 12, ta ci gaba da karatunta a tsibirin ta hanyar wasiƙu.

A lokacin ' yaƙin ƙarya ', tana shekarar farko a makarantar sakandare ta Tréguier .  A can ne ta saurari jawabin Petain na yin shiru a ranar 17 ga Yuni, 1940.

## Juriya a Brittany, 1940-1942
Chombart de Lauwe ya shiga cikin Juyin Juya Halin 'Yan Nazi yana da shekaru 17. 

A lokacin bazara na 1940, sojojin Jamus sun sauka a Bréhat suka nemi gidajen. A gidan Chombart de Lauwe, iyalin sun saurari muryar Landan daga wani rediyo da aka ɓoye a bayan wani zane. Tare da mahaifiyarta da mahaifinta, Chombart de Lauwe ta shiga ƙungiyar Resistance, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin manzo. Ta san da haɗarin: "Duk da ƙaramar shekaruna, ban yi hakan da wayo ba. An yi kisan gillar da sauri, yanayin ya yi nauyi, mun auna haɗarin. » 

A kaka ta 1941, ta fara karatun likitanci a jami'ar Rennes kuma ta sami Ausweis (pass) wanda ya ba ta damar tafiya a yankin da aka haramta zuwa bakin teku don ganin iyayenta. Ta saka muhimman bayanai a cikin littattafan tarihin jikinta kuma ta sami damar isar da shi, godiya ga izinin wucewarta.  Ta kasance wani ɓangare na 'Bande à Sidonie'  (wani rukunin juriya mai runduna a Tréguier, Lannion, Perros-Guirec da Paimpol ). Jean-Baptiste Legeay, firist kuma malami ne ya jagoranci ƙungiyar.  Mahaifiyarta ce ta ƙirƙiri ƙungiyar sannan aka haɗa ta cikin hanyar sadarwa ta 'Georges France 31' da ke da alaƙa da Hukumar Leƙen Asiri ta Burtaniya.  Ƙungiyar ta ba da taimako ga jiragen saman Burtaniya da suka faɗi waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin tserewa zuwa Burtaniya da kuma isar da bayanai game da tsaron gabar tekun Jamus zuwa London. 

A Rennes, membobin ƙungiyar sun haɗu a Café de l'Europe et de la Paix. A shekarar 1941, an kama masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a bakin teku, yayin da ƙungiyar Rennes har yanzu ba ta da matsala. Sabon jami'in hulɗa na rundunar wakili ne mai aiki biyu a Abwehr .  An kama Chombart de Lauwe a gidanta a ranar 22 ga Mayu 1942. Tana da lokacin rubuta rubutu a kan teburin dafa abinci: "An kama ni. Sanar da iyali da abokai." » 

An tsare ta a gidan yari a Rennes sannan daga baya a Angers. A can, ta haɗu da iyayenta da wasu mambobi 11 na ƙungiyar leƙen asiri da kuma ƙungiyar tserewa, waɗanda aka kama su ma.

## Korar zuwa Ravensbrück

Daga nan aka mayar da Chombart de Lauwe gidan yarin La Santé da ke Paris kuma 'yan sandan Gestapo suka yi mata tambayoyi. A can, ta haɗu da fitacciyar mai rajin kare haƙƙin jama'a, Marie-Claude Vaillant-Couturier, kuma ta sami damar yin magana ta bayan gida na siminti da maƙwabciyarta, Faransa Bloch-Sérazin . Tana da shekaru 29, Bloch-Sérazin 'yar gwagwarmaya ce, 'yar gurguzu kuma Bayahudiya ce wacce ke ƙera abubuwan fashewa kuma a ƙarshe za a kashe ta saboda aikinta da Resistance. Chombart de Lauwe ta bayyana abin da ta fuskanta a wannan gidan yarin da kuma fursunonin da ta haɗu da su a can kamar haka: " A la Santé, na yi magana da babbar mutum." [1]

Daga baya aka kai ta cibiyar tsare mutane ta Fresnes aka yanke mata hukuncin kisa. Daga baya aka mayar da hukuncin zuwa korar 'NN' ( Nacht und Nebel, ko 'dare da hazo', wanda ke nufin mutumin fursuna ne na siyasa wanda ba a yarda ya yi hulɗa da duniyar waje ba kuma ya kamata a ɓoye wurin binne shi  ). An koro ta ta jirgin ƙasa daga Gare de l'Est da ke Paris a ranar 26 ga Yuli 1943 zuwa sansanin Ravensbrück . A cikin motar akwai mahaifiyarta da wasu mata 56 'yan Faransa NN. Da isowarsu, an sanya wannan rukunin mata 58 a cikin shinge na 32 na NN. 

## Manazarta