open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Makarantar Shirye-shiryen St. John (Harare)

**Makarantar Shirye-shiryen St. John** makaranta ce mai zaman kanta, ta shirya yara maza 'yan shekara 5 zuwa 12 a Borrowdale, Harare, Zimbabwe . Makarantar mallakar St. John's Educational Trust ce, haka kuma Kwalejin St. John's ce ke kula da ita.  

Makarantar Shirye-shiryen St. John memba ce ta Ƙungiyar Makarantun Amintattu (ATS) kuma Shugaban Makaranta memba ne na Taron Shugabannin Makarantun Masu Zaman Kansu a Zimbabwe (CHISZ). 

## Tarihi
An kafa Makarantar Shirye-shiryen St John's a shekarar 1956 ta hannun Peter da Barbara Hickman a gidansu na Borrowdale. Ya fara ne a matsayin ƙaramin makaranta ta iyali mai ɗalibai 13. Burinsu ne su kafa makaranta ga yara maza wadda ke ba da "tsarin ilimi mai kyau a cikin yanayi mai kyau ga ci gaba da haɓaka kowane hali".  Makarantar ta girma zuwa yara maza 120 tare da aji ɗaya a kowane aji daga 1 zuwa 7. Matsin lamba a wurare ya kasance, har a farkon shekarun tamanin makarantar ta ninka adadi, sannan ta ninka sau uku da azuzuwa uku a kowace shekara kuma jimillar yara maza 525. 

## Ayyuka
Ana sa ran kowane ɗalibi ya shiga aƙalla wasanni ɗaya da kuma ayyukan al'adu ɗaya. 

### Wasanni
Ana bayar da waɗannan wasanni: wasanni, wasan kurket, wasan ketare ƙasa, ƙwallon ƙafa, golf, hockey, rugby, squash, iyo, tennis, triathlon, wasan ƙwallon raga da kuma wasan polo na ruwa . 

### Ƙungiyoyi
Ana sa ran kowane ɗalibi ya shiga cikin wani aiki na al'adu. Akwai ƙungiyoyi masu zuwa: Fasaha, Dara, Kwamfutoci, Mawaka, Muhawara, Wasan Kwaikwayo, Ƙungiyar Muhalli, Golf, Marimbas, Masu Rikodi, Squash da Triathlon . 

## Jerin Shugabannin Makarantu

## Fitattun tsofaffin ɗalibai

* Eli Snyman - ɗan wasan rugby na Afirka ta Kudu, Italiya da Ingila
* TJ Maguranyanga - dan wasan kungiyar rugby na Zimbabwe

## Duba kuma

* Kwalejin St. John (Harare)
* Jerin makarantu a Zimbabwe

## Manazarta
Daniel Yaw Domelevo

**Daniel Yaw Domelevo** akawu ne ɗan ƙasar Ghana wanda a halin yanzu yake aiki a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar Ofishin Laifuka da Tattalin Arziki (EOCO) a Ghana kuma memba ne na Hukumar Asusun Duniya . Tsohon Babban Odita-Janar ne na Ghana .  John Dramani Mahama ne ya naɗa shi a shekarar 2016 don maye gurbin Richard Quartei Quartey wanda ya yi ritaya daga aikin gwamnati.   Ya lashe kyautar Mutuncin Mutunci ta 2019 a kyaututtukan Integrity Initiative na Ghana na 2019.  

## Ilimi
Domelevo yana da digirin babban jami'i a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci (Kuɗi) daga Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Jami'ar Ghana .  Ya yi horo a matsayin akawu mai lasisi kuma ya kasance memba na Cibiyar Akanta Masu Shaida (Ghana) tun daga 1993. 

## Sana'a

### Farkon aikina
Domelevo kwararren akawu ne ta hanyar sana'a kuma ya yi aiki a manyan mukamai a Sashen Gudanarwa da Akanta Janar (CAGD) a Ma'aikatar Kudi da Tsare-tsare na Tattalin Arziki (Ghana) tsawon shekaru 18.  Daga Janairu 2010 zuwa Disamba 2016, ya kasance ƙwararren Manajan Kuɗi na Jama'a na Bankin Duniya kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Kwararren Manajan Kuɗi wanda ke da alhakin ayyukan Gudanar da Kuɗi na Jama'a a Zimbabwe da Malawi .  Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Babban Akawu na Kamfanin Masana'antar Fina-finai na Ghana (wanda yanzu ake kira TV3 ).  

### Babban Odita-Janar na Ghana
A shekarar 2016, Shugaba John Mahama ya naɗa shi a matsayin Babban Mai Binciken Kuɗi na Ghana .   A matsayinsa na Babban Mai Binciken Kuɗi na ƙasar, ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin babban mai jawabi a laccoci kan binciken kuɗi, cin hanci da rashawa da batutuwan da suka shafi kula da kuɗi    A ranar 20 ga Satumba, 2018, shi ne babban mai jawabi a taron tunawa da Kwadwo Baah-Wiredu karo na 3. Ya yi magana kan taken " *Kare Jakar Jama'a - A rufe ƙofar kafin a rufe ƙofar* " don tunawa da marigayi Ministan Kuɗi. 

### Lakcocin Domelevo na Lissafi
A shekarar 2021, Cibiyar Dimokuradiyya ta Zamantakewa da Gidauniyar Friedrech Elbert Stiftung sun amince da rawar da ya taka a matsayin Babban Odita Janar na Ghana wajen tabbatar da gaskiya da rikon amana ga albarkatun jama'a, sun kaddamar da lacca ta shekara-shekara mai suna Domelevo Accountability Lakcoci. An gudanar da laccar farko a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2021 a Zauren Malamai da ke Accra. 

### Alƙawarin Asusun Duniya
A ranar 4 ga Mayu 2022, an amince da shi aka kuma naɗa shi memba na kwamitin Asusun Duniya wanda ke wakiltar Yamma da Tsakiyar Afirka.   Tare da wasu mutum goma sha ɗaya (11), yana aiki a Kwamitin Bincike da Kuɗi kuma zai yi kaɗa ƙuri'a kan batutuwan da aka gabatar a gaban kwamitin.

### Shugaban hukumar Ofishin Laifuka da Tattalin Arziki (EOCO)
Shugaban Ghana John Mahama ya naɗa Mista Domelevo a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar Ofishin Laifuka da Tattalin Arziki (EOCO) a watan Agusta na 2025 https://www.myjoyonline.com/mahama-appoints-domelevo-as-eoco-board-chairman/

## Manazarta
Yuri Temirkanov

**Yuri Khatuevich Temirkanov** ( Russian   ; Kabardian   ; 10 Disamba 1938 - 2 Nuwamba 2023) madugun Soviet ne kuma jagoran Rasha,  an nada shi a matsayin Mawakin Jama'a na Tarayyar Soviet .

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Temirkanov a shekarar 1938 a birnin Nalchik na Arewacin Caucasus, ya halarci Makarantar Leningrad don Yara Masu Hazaka inda ya ci gaba da karatunsa a fannin goge da goge . Babban ɗan'uwansa  shi ma madugu ne.

## Sana'a
A shekarar 1968, an naɗa shi babban jagoran ƙungiyar Leningrad Symphony wadda a lokacin aka sake mata suna, inda ya ci gaba da zama har zuwa lokacin da aka naɗa shi darektan kiɗa na Kirov Opera and Ballet a shekarar 1976.

Temirkanov shi ne mawakin Soviet na farko da aka ba izinin yin wasa a Amurka bayan an sake dawo da dangantakar al'adu da Tarayyar Soviet a ƙarshen Yaƙin Soviet da Afghanistan a shekarar 1988.

Temirkanov ya zama daraktan fasaha kuma babban jagoran shirya fina-finai na St. Petersburg Philharmonic a shekarar 1988. Ya kasance darektan kiɗa na Baltimore Symphony Orchestra daga 2000 zuwa 2006. Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban jagoran baƙo na ƙungiyar makaɗa ta ƙasa ta Denmark kuma ya lashe kyautar jagoran ƙungiyar makaɗa ta Royal Philharmonic Orchestra a London . A shekarar 2015, ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta La Fenice ta ba Temirkanov kyautar 'A Life for Music' (wanda ba a san shi da sunan Nobel Prize for Music ba).

## Mutuwa
Yuri Temirkanov ya mutu a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba, 2023, yana da shekaru 84. 

## Takaddama
Temirkanov ya jawo hankali kan faɗin cewa mata ba su da ƙarfi don haka ba su dace da zama masu jagoranci na gargajiya ba.  A cikin wata hira da aka yi da shi a shekarar 2016, ya ce:

### MANAZARTA
Kintampo

**Kintampo** gari ne kuma wurin yawon bude ido a Yankin Gabashin Bono na Ghana . Ta zama babban birnin Kintampo North Municipal a shekarar 2004.   Kintampo tana da yawan jama'a 111,000.  Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin babban birnin tsohuwar gundumar Kintampo . Kintampo kuma tana da Makarantun Sakandare na Manyan Makarantu (KINSS) wanda ke Kyeremankoma, ta halarci Tambayoyin Kimiyya na Ƙasa a lokuta da dama. Makarantar Sakandare ta Zamani (MODESS). Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kintampo-KINTECH da Makarantar Sakandare ta Kwalejin Centre. Akwai Kwalejin Lafiya, Kwalejin Lafiya da Jin Daɗi ta Kintampo (CoHK) a garin, wanda aka yi niyya zai zama Jami'a mai cikakken ƙarfi.  Yawancin jama'ar Kintampo manoma ne, inda ake nomawa da doya, masara, cashew, mangwaro, wake, busassun 'ya'yan itace da sauran kayan lambu. Babban ƙabilar Kintampo ita ce mutanen Bono . Akwai wasu ƙabilun mazauna da suka haɗa da Wangara,  Grushi, Grumah, Konkomba, Mo, Frafra da sauran su.

## Lafiya

* Asibitin Gwamnati na Kintampo 

## Ayyukan tattalin arziki

### Yawon Bude Ido

Kintampo tana ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyin yawon buɗe ido na Ghana. Akwai wurare da dama da suka shahara a garin, daga cikinsu akwai; magudanar ruwa ta Kintampo,  Magudanar ruwa ta Kintampo Fuller. Duk da haka, wani abin tarihi mai ban mamaki wanda ya sanya garin a taswirar yawon buɗe ido shine wurin da ke tsakiyar Ghana. 

### Noma
Noma ita ce babbar sana'ar da dukkan al'ummar Kintampo ke yi. Yawancin manoma a nan sun mayar da manyan filayen noma zuwa gonakin cashew da mangwaro,  wanda ya sanya garin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan manoman waɗannan amfanin gona. Akwai kuma da yawa a cikin amfanin gonakin abinci kamar doya, rogo, masara, wake da kayan lambu.

Noma ko yanka da ƙonawa, tsarin noma wanda ake ƙona dazuzzuka, yana fitar da sinadarai masu gina jiki don tallafawa noman amfanin gona na shekara-shekara da kuma na dindindin na tsawon shekaru da dama shine tsarin da aka fi amfani da shi a Kintampo. Kintampo ta samar da manyan mutane kuma shahararrun mutane. Shahararren Baba Yara, tsohon gwarzon ƙwallon ƙafa na Ghana ya fito daga Kintampo.

### Ayyukan kasuwanci

## Yanayi

## Manazarta
Tom Brown (ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Australiya)

**Tom Brown** (an haife shi a ranar 30 ga Yuli 2003) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Australiya wanda ke buga wa Richmond Football Club wasa a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Australiya (AFL). Richmond ta zaɓe shi da zaɓe na 17 a gasar AFL ta 2021 kuma ya fara bugawa a zagaye na 24 na kakar wasa ta 2023. Shi ɗan tsohon ɗan wasan Geelong AFL Paul Brown ne kuma ɗan'uwan ɗan wasan Geelong da Western Bulldogs AFLW Millie Brown.

## Rayuwar farko da ƙwallon ƙafa ta matasa
Brown ya girma a garin Mooroopna na ƙasar Victoria kuma ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta matasa tare da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Mooroopna.  

Tun yana matashi, Brown ya halarci kuma ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta makaranta a Makarantar Grammar Geelong, da kuma na Murray Bushrangers a gasar NAB League .   Kakar wasansa ta ƙarshe ta matasa ta katse shi sosai sakamakon mummunan raunin da ya samu a idon sawunsa na tsakiyar kakar wasa. 

A kwanakin ƙarshe kafin zaɓen AFL na 2021, *AFL Media* da *ESPN* duk sun yi hasashen cewa Brown zai yi nasara a zaɓen na 18.  

## Aikin AFL
Richmond ta zaɓi Brown da zaɓen ƙungiyar na biyu kuma na 17 a cikin zaɓen ƙasa na AFL na 2021. 

Ya kasa buga wasan farko a gasar AFL a shekarar 2022, inda ya buga wasa da ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta ƙungiyar a gasar VFL. 

Brown ya shafe farkon kakar wasa ta 2023 ba tare da ya samu karaya a wuyan hannu ba.   Ya koma buga kwallon kafa da wasanni 10 a matakin VFL, kafin a kira shi don ya fara buga wasa a AFL a zagaye na karshe na kakar wasa. 

A kakar wasa ta 2024 ta AFL, Brown ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimaka wa Richmond ta cimma nasararta ta biyu a kakar wasa da Adelaide a zagaye na 13. Dan wasan mai shekaru 20, wanda ya buga wasansa na 12 a gasar AFL, ya samu damar jefa kwallaye 16 cikin 100, ya jefa kwallaye 10 a raga, maki hudu, ya jefa kwallaye 11 a raga, sannan ya samu maki 173 a raga. [undefined] Wannan wasan kwaikwayon ya nuna ci gaban da Brown ya samu a wasansa kuma ya sami yabo daga mai sharhi kan kwallon kafa na AFL kuma tauraron firimiya North Melbourne sau biyu David King, "Suna da rawar gani a Tom Brown, zai zama kyakkyawa, ya yi amfani da damar da aka samu sau 11 a daren. Yana da aji, yana da nutsuwa, a zahiri yana yanke shawara mai kyau a kowane lokaci. Na san yana da kyau kuma kowa yana magana game da ingancin bugunsa da salonsa. Amma zai iya buga ƙwallon mita 50 daga matakai ɗaya ko biyu - yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan mutanen - kuma yana ganin abubuwan da wasu ba sa yi. Ina tsammanin zai zama tauraro cikakke. Abin da ya sata a zaɓen da suka same shi." [1]

## Manazarta
Charles Baker Adams

Charles Baker Adams (Janairu 11, 1814 - Janairu 19, 1853) [1] malami ne kuma masanin kimiyyar halittu na Amurka.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife shi a Dorchester, Massachusetts a shekara ta 1814, ɗan Charles J. Adams da Hannah Baker.  Ya kammala karatunsa daga Kwalejin Phillips a shekara ta 1830 da Kwalejin Amherst a shekara ta 1834 da manyan darajoji (bayan ya sauya sheka daga Jami'ar Yale zuwa Amherst a shekara ta 1832), kuma ya zama mataimaki ga Edward Hitchcock a Binciken Ƙasa na New York a shekara ta 1836. A shekara ta 1837, ya zama malami kuma malami a fannin ilimin ƙasa a Kwalejin Amherst. Ya tafi ya zama farfesa a fannin ilmin sunadarai da tarihin halitta a Kwalejin Middlebury a shekara ta 1838, ya ci gaba da wannan matsayi har zuwa shekara ta 1847.

Ya yi aiki a matsayin masanin ilmin ƙasa na farko a jihar Vermont daga 1845 zuwa 1848. A shekara ta 1847, ya bar Middlebury ya zama farfesa a fannin ilmin taurari, ilmin dabbobi, da tarihin halitta a Kwalejin Amherst, matsayin da ya riƙe har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1853, yana da shekaru 39. Ya ziyarci West Indies sau da yawa don sha'awar kimiyya, kuma ya rubuta game da conchology . An zaɓe shi a matsayin Fellow na American Academy of Arts and Sciences a 1849. 

## Ayyuka
Tare da taimakon Alonzo Gray na Brooklyn, New York, ya buga wani littafi na farko kan ilimin ƙasa .

Shi ne marubucin adadi goma sha ɗaya na *Gudummawa ga Conchology*, jerin littattafai kan *[[Stoastoma]]* da *Vitrinella*, da kuma *Katalogi na Shells Collected in [[Panama (ƙasa)|Panama]]* (New York, 1852).

* Adams CB (1852).  . New York, R. Craighead, firinta. 334 shafi.
* Gray A. & Adams CB (1860).  . New York, Harper. 554 shafi.

## Bayanan kula

## Nassoshi

* Tarihin Rayuwar Ƙasa ta Amurka, vol. 1, shafi na 1.&nbsp;72–73.
* *Wanene Wanene a Amurka: Kundin Tarihi, 1607-1896.* Chicago: Quincy Wanene Wanene, 1963.
*
Tanner Bruhn

**Tanner Bruhn** (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Mayu 2002) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Ostiraliya wanda ke bugawa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Geelong a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Australiya (AFL). An ɗauke shi aiki a Greater Western Sydney tare da wanda aka zaɓa a matsayin ɗan wasa na 12 a gasar AFL ta 2020.  

## Kwallon kafa na farko
Bruhn ya fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne da Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Newtown & Chilwell da ke yankin yammacin Geelong.[1] Ya halarci Kwalejin St Joseph tare da 'yan wasan AFL na gaba Ollie Henry da Charlie Lazzaro, kafin ya koma Geelong Grammar bisa tallafin karatu a shekara ta 10. [2] Bruhn ya buga wasanni 55 tare da Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Newtown & Chilwell tsakanin 2013 da 2018.[3] Ya buga wasa a ƙungiyar Firsts a makarantarsa, Geelong Grammar School, inda ya lashe kyautar mafi kyau da adalci a 2018 yana ɗan shekara 16. [4] Ya buga wa Vic Country wasa a Gasar Cin Kofin 'Yan Ƙasa da Shekara 16 kuma ya lashe kyautar MVP da kuma kofin All-Australian. [5] A kakar wasansa ta 2019 ya gamu da rauni bayan ya ji rauni a gwiwarsa, [6] duk da haka ya sami isasshen lafiya don buga wasanni kaɗan tare da Geelong Falcons a gasar NAB League, da kuma Vic Country a gasar cin kofin AFL ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 ta 2019.[7]

## Aikin AFL
An samu ce-ce-ku-ce nan take game da sabon aikin Bruhn a Giants bayan an nuna masa cewa yana da wani mummunan martani game da sanya shi a matsayin wanda za a dauka aiki a daren daukar 'yan wasa. Duk da haka, daga baya ya bayyana cewa hakan ya faru ne saboda yana da halin 'kare', kuma ya yi mamaki.  

## Manazarta
Geoffrey Brown (ɗan siyasa na Australiya)

**Geoffrey William Brown** MBE (25 Afrilu 1894 – 14 Oktoba 1955) ɗan siyasa ne na ƙasar Ostiraliya.

Ɗan Dr. Henry William Brown da Clara Treacher Brown (née Williams), an haife shi a Colac, Victoria, a ranar 25 ga Afrilu 1894. Ya halarci Makarantar Grammar Geelong daga 1908 zuwa 1911 sannan ya halarci Kwalejin Christ a Jami'ar Cambridge da ke Ingila inda ya kammala karatunsa da digiri a fannin kimiyyar halitta.

Ya yi aiki a rundunar sojojin Birtaniya na tsawon shekaru biyar daga 1914 zuwa 1919, inda ya ji rauni mai tsanani sannan aka naɗa shi MBE  sannan ya kasance tare da rundunar sojojin mulkin mallaka ta Birtaniya na tsawon shekaru huɗu a Ingila da Najeriya.

Ana kyautata zaton Brown ya yi aiki tare da Rundunar Royal West Kent a Faransa da Belgium, inda ya ji rauni a Yaƙin Loos 

An naɗa shi MBE a ranar 7 ga Yuni 1918, sannan aka naɗa shi a matsayin laftanar a matsayin jami'in gudanarwa da kuma mataimakin mataimakin shugaban makaranta. Ana kyautata zaton ya kawo ƙarshen yaƙin a matsayin kyaftin.

A ranar 7 ga Afrilu, 1921, ya auri Caroline Mabel Brawn, ƙaramar 'yar G Brawn JP a Lichfield Cathedral. An haifi 'yarsu, Joan T a Atcham da ke Shropshire a shekarar 1922.

A shekara ta 1924, ya koma Ostiraliya don zama mai kula da lambu a Merricks kuma yana zaune a "Moelfre".

Ya kasance shugaban ƙungiyar tallan 'ya'yan itace ta Victorian (1931-38), wakilin manoman Victorian a Majalisar Apple and Pear ta Australiya (1931-38), memba na tawagar Commonwealth a taron Kwamitin Tallan 'ya'yan itace na Imperial a Landan (shugaban a 1934, mataimakin shugaba 1936), kuma memba na kwamitin da ya shirya shari'ar Australiya don taron Ottawa a 1931. A 1949, Brown ya kasance shugaban Majalisar Masu Noman 'Ya'yan itace ta Victorian kuma mataimakin shugaban ƙungiyar Masu Noman 'Ya'yan itace ta Australiya.

Da sake rarraba kuri'u na shekarar 1949, aka raba kujerar Gippsland, aka ƙirƙiri sabuwar kujera ta McMillan, inda aka ɗauki wani ɓangare daga maƙwabtan Flinders. An ƙarfafa Brown ya tsaya, duk da cewa yana rayuwa a waje da iyakokin kujerar. Manajan kamfen ɗinsa kuma magajinsa, Alexander Andrew Buchanan ya tuna cewa da farko Brown zai halarci tarurrukan siyasa a cikin "tsoffin jakunkuna (wando) da takalman gumboots" 

A shekarar 1949, an zaɓe shi a Majalisar Wakilai ta Ostiraliya a matsayin ɗan majalisar Liberal don sabon kujerar McMillan . A lokacin da yake majalisar, ya jagoranci Majalisar Ba da Shawara kan Shige da Fice da kuma Kwamitin Abinci da Noma na 'Yan Majalisar Gwamnati. Ya riƙe wannan kujera har zuwa mutuwarsa a Asibitin Royal Melbourne da ke Parkville a shekarar 1955, bayan bugun zuciya, yayin da yake zaune a Majalisar Wakilai.[1]

Ya bar matarsa, Mrs. E Brown, ɗa ɗaya, Geoffrey da kuma 'ya mace ɗaya, Joan (Mrs William NR Brisbane).

## Manazarta
Arthur Graham Brown

**Arthur Graham Brown** (22 Afrilu 1919 - 3 Janairu 1982) likita ne kuma ƙwararren likitan tsuntsaye na Australiya, wanda aka san shi da hannu a cikin ƙungiyar Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Brown a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 1919 a Warminster, Ingila, kuma ya yi ƙaura zuwa Ostiraliya a wannan shekarar. [1] Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Shirye-shiryen Glamorgan da ke Melbourne (1927–29) da Makarantar Grammar Geelong (1930–37). [1] A shekarar 1938, Brown ya yi tafiya ta teku daga Melbourne zuwa Ingila don halartar jami'a. [2] [ A ] Kamar mahaifinsa da kakansa, ya yi aikin likitanci, ya sami karatunsa a Kwalejin Christ's, Cambridge (1938–40) da Asibitin Middlesex da ke Landan, Ingila (1940–45).[1]

## Ilimin Tsarin Dabbobi
Brown ya shiga ƙungiyar masu nazarin dabbobi ta Royal Australasian a shekarar 1936, da kuma ƙungiyar masu nazarin dabbobi ta Birtaniya a shekarar 1939. A shekarar 1956, ya kafa ƙungiyar masu nazarin halittu ta Colac Field kuma shi ne shugabanta na farko. Ya shiga ƙungiyar Royal Society of Victoria a shekarar 1959, kuma ya yi aiki a majalisarta daga 1970 zuwa 1974. A shekarar 1968, ya zama Mataimakin Darakta a fannin nazarin halittu a Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa na Victoria. Ya shiga cikin tafiye-tafiye da dama na fannin ilmin dabbobi, ciki har da zuwa arewa maso yammacin Australiya a shekarar 1959, a faɗin nahiyar Australiya a shekarar 1962, da kuma zuwa tsakiyar yankin da arewa maso yamma na Australiya a shekarar 1967. Ya buga rikodin farko na Victorian game da dabbobin ruwa ( *Ardeola ibis coromanda* ). Brown ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Ƙungiyar Masana Ƙwallon Dabbobi ta Royal Australasian daga 1969 zuwa 1972, kuma ya jagoranci ƙoƙarin da ake yi na sabunta ƙungiyar.

## Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa
Brown ya auri Joan Frecheville a shekarar 1946, kuma tare suka haifi 'ya'ya maza biyu da 'ya'ya mata biyu. Joan ta mutu a shekarar 1967 bayan doguwar rashin lafiya.  A shekarar 1968, ya auri Noela Downey. Brown ya mutu a ranar 3 ga Janairu, 1982 a gidansa da ke Heathcote Junction, kusa da Wandong, Victoria, kuma matarsa ta biyu, Noela, ta rasu.

## Manazarta
Paddy Dow

**Patrick "Paddy" Dow** (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Oktoba, 1999) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Australiya wanda ke buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta St Kilda a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Australiya (AFL). Carlton ne ya zaɓe shi da zaɓen farko, kuma na uku gabaɗaya, a gasar AFL ta 2017. Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a AFL a zagaye na 1 na kakar wasa ta 2018 da Richmond a filin wasan Cricket na Melbourne . Ya sami kyautar AFL Rising Star saboda rawar da ya taka a wasan da suka yi da Collingwood a zagaye na 14, 2018. 

## Rayuwar farko da aiki
Dow ya girma a Swan Hill kuma ya halarci Kwalejin St Mary MacKillop, Swan Hill. A shekarar 2015 (shekara ta 10), ya fara zuwa Makarantar Geelong Grammar School akan tallafin karatu na wasanni,  kuma an zaɓe shi don ya buga wa Victoria Country wasa a Gasar Cin Kofin 'Yan Kasa da Shekara 16 ta AFL. Daga nan ya fara bugawa Bendigo Pioneers wasa a Gasar TAC. A shekarar 2017, ya yi wasa mai kyau a kan Gippsland Power, inda ya tara kwallaye 35 sannan ya zura kwallaye 2; duk da haka, kakarsa ta ƙare, yayin da ya ji rauni a kafadarsa a kwata na uku, wanda hakan ya tilasta masa tiyata. Ya kammala kakar wasansa ta TAC Cup ta 2017, inda ya samu matsakaicin kwallaye 18.5, ya sami damar riƙe kwallaye 12, sannan ya yi amfani da tackles 3.

## Aikin AFL

### Carlton (2017–2023)
Carlton ya zaɓi Dow da zaɓin farko, lamba ta uku gabaɗaya, a cikin daftarin AFL na 2017. Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a AFL a rashin maki ashirin da shida da Richmond ta yi a filin wasan Cricket na Melbourne a zagayen farko na kakar wasa ta 2018. Bayan rashin maki ashirin da Collingwood a zagaye na 15, inda ya yi rikodin jefa ƙwallo 20 da kuma tackles 4, ya sami damar shiga gasar AFL Rising Star ta 2018. [1] Ya buga jimillar wasanni 20 a shekararsa ta farko, inda ya yi matsakaicin jefa ƙwallo 14 a kowane wasa. [2]

A watan Maris na 2018, Dow ta tsawaita kwantiragin shekaru uku da Carlton, inda ta dage kan makomarsa a kulob din har zuwa 2022. 

### St Kilda (2024-Yanzu)
A ƙarshen shekarar 2023 bayan matsaloli da suka dabaibaye ƙungiyar Carlton ta AFL, an yi cinikin Dow zuwa St Kilda.  

## Rayuwa ta sirri

## Manazarta
William Bridges-Maxwell

**Crawford William Bridges-Maxwell** (27 ga Satumba 1929 - 15 ga Afrilu 1992) ɗan siyasa ne na ƙasar Ostiraliya. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Wakilai daga 1964 zuwa 1969, yana wakiltar kujerar Robertson a Jam'iyyar Liberal. Ya kasance masanin kimiyyar dabbobi ta hanyar sana'a.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Bridges-Maxwell a ranar 27 ga Satumba, 1929 a Hobart, Tasmania. 

Bridges-Maxwell ya yi karatu a Makarantar Grammar Geelong sannan kuma Kwalejin Aikin Gona ta Royal a Ingila, daga baya ya zama masanin kimiyyar dabbobi. A lokacin da aka zaɓe shi a majalisar dokoki, yana aiki a matsayin sakataren Gidauniyar Binciken Dairy da Gidauniyar Binciken Kaji ta Jami'ar Sydney. 

## Siyasa
An zaɓi Bridges-Maxwell a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar Liberal a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 kuma yana aiki a kwamitin manufofin karkara.  An zaɓe shi a Majalisar Wakilai a zaɓen Robertson na 1964, inda ya riƙe kujerar Robertson ga Jam'iyyar Liberal bayan murabus ɗin Roger Dean. Bayan zaɓensa, wanda ya yi daidai da zaɓen rabin Majalisar Dattawa na 1964, an shigar da ƙarar da ba ta yi nasara ba ga Kotun Komawa Masu Rikici don soke sakamakon - tare da zaɓen wasu 'yan majalisa da sanatoci shida - bisa zargin kashe kuɗi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba a yakin neman zaɓe. 

Jawabin farko na Bridges-Maxwell a majalisar dokoki ya mayar da hankali ne kan ilimi da binciken kimiyya. Ya yi kira ga gwamnatin tarayya da ta kafa Sashen Ilimi da Kimiyya mai zaman kansa (wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1966) tare da kafa kwamitin ba da shawara wanda ba na jam'iyya ba don sake duba kudaden da gwamnati ke kashewa wajen gudanar da bincike.  Bridges-Maxwell ya kasance mai goyon bayan Firayim Minista John Gorton kuma memba ne na Kungiyar Mushroom, wani kulob na cin abinci na yau da kullun wanda ya kunshi membobin kungiyar Gorton. 

Kafin zaɓen tarayya na 1969, kujerar Robertson ta Bridges-Maxwell ta samu sauyi sosai a wani zaɓe da aka sake rabawa.[1] Bai yi nasarar neman zaɓen Liberal na sabon kujerar Berowra da aka ƙirƙira ba, amma ɗan majalisar da ke kan mulki Tom Hughes ya kayar da shi wanda aka soke kujerar Parkes.[2] A zaɓen, ɗan takarar jam'iyyar Labour ta Australiya Barry Cohen ya kayar da Bridges-Maxwell a wani ɓangare na wani juyin mulki a duk faɗin ƙasar da ya yi da 'yan Liberal.[3] Ya kuma fuskanci koma baya sakamakon shawarar da jam'iyyar Labour ta yanke na kin tsayar da ɗan takara a Robertson, bisa ga suna da yake da shi a matsayin "mutumin Gorton".[1]

## Ayyuka daga baya
Bridges-Maxwell ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na majalisar CSIRO da aka zaɓa daga 1968 zuwa 1973. 

Bridges-Maxwell ya mutu a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 1992, yana da shekaru 62. 

## Manazarta
Alec Broers, Baron Broers

**Alec Nigel Broers, Baron Broers** (an haife shi 17 Satumba 1938) injiniyan lantarki ne na Biritaniya. 

A shekarar 1994, an zaɓi Broers a matsayin memba na ƙasa da ƙasa na Kwalejin Injiniya ta Ƙasa saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga ilimin fasahar lantarki da na'urar microscopy da kuma jagoranci a fannin ƙirƙirar ƙananan na'urori.

## Ilimi da rayuwar farko
An haifi Broers a Calcutta, Indiya, kuma ya yi karatu a Makarantar Grammar Geelong, Jami'ar Melbourne a Ostiraliya da kuma Kwalejin Gonville da Caius, Cambridge, a Ingila.

Daga nan Broers ya yi aiki a dakunan gwaje-gwaje na bincike da ci gaba na IBM a Amurka na tsawon shekaru 19 kafin ya koma Cambridge a shekarar 1984 ya zama Farfesa a Injiniyan Lantarki (1984–96) da kuma Fellow na Kwalejin Trinity, Cambridge (1985–90). Shi ne wanda ya fara koyar da fasahar nanotechnology.

Daga baya Broers ya zama Digiri na biyu a Kwalejin Churchill, Cambridge (1990–1996) kuma Shugaban Sashen Injiniya na Jami'ar Cambridge (1993–196). Ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Cambridge daga 1996 zuwa 2003. A shekarar 1997, an gayyace shi don gabatar da Lakca ta Tunawa da MacMillan ga Cibiyar Injiniyoyi da Masu Gina Jiragen Ruwa a Scotland . Ya zabi batun "Matsayin da Ilimi na Injiniyan Kirkire-kirkire".  An ba shi lambar yabo a shekarar 1998 kuma ya ƙirƙiri ƙwararren mai ba da shawara kan rayuwa a 2004, a matsayin **Baron Broers**, na Cambridge a Gundumar Cambridgeshire. Lord Broers shi ne Shugaban Kwamitin Kimiyya da Fasaha na House of Lords daga 2004 zuwa 2007 kuma shi ne Shugaban Kwalejin Injiniya ta Royal daga 2001 zuwa 2006.

A watan Satumba na 2008, Lord Broers ya karɓi ragamar mulki daga Sir David Cooksey a matsayin shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa a Diamond Light Source, sabuwar cibiyar kimiyya mafi girma a Burtaniya tsawon shekaru 45.

## Lambobin yabo da girmamawa
Lord Broers ya sami digirin girmamawa sama da ashirin da kuma guraben karo ilimi daga jami'o'i, kwalejoji, da cibiyoyin ilimi da ƙwararru. Shi memba ne na ƙasashen waje na Kwalejin Injiniya ta Ƙasa ta Amurka, Kwalejin Injiniya ta China, Kwalejin Kimiyya da Injiniya ta Ostiraliya, da Ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Amurka . [undefined] An zaɓe shi a matsayin Fellow [2] na Kwalejin Injiniya ta Royal [1] a shekarar 1985. An zaɓe shi a Ƙungiyar Royal a shekarar 1986. Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Amurka ta ba shi Kyauta don Aikace-aikacen Kimiyyar Masana'antu a 1982, Kyautar Cledo Brunetti ta IEEE a 1985, da Kyautar Yarima Philip ta Kwalejin Injiniya ta Royal a 2001.

## Manazarta
Joseph Tilley Brown

**Joseph Tilley Brown** (7 ga Fabrairu 1844 - 28 ga Satumba 1925) ɗan siyasa ne ɗan ƙasar Ingila wanda aka haifa a ƙasar Ostireliya.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Brown a St. John's, Surrey, Ingila, ga kyaftin ɗin jirgin ruwa Joseph Brown da Amelia, wanda aka fi sani da Tilley. Iyalan sun yi ƙaura zuwa Victoria, Ostiraliya lokacin da Joseph ke ƙarami yana da shekaru bakwai. Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Grammar ta Cocin Geelong ta Ingila kafin ya zama magatakarda, daga ƙarshe ya shiga Bankin New South Wales . A Rochester, inda shi ne manaja na farko na bankin, ya auri Mary Ann Seward a ranar 6 ga Janairu, 1874. 

## Siyasar gida
Brown ya yi murabus daga bankin saboda rashin bin ka'ida na wani ma'aikacinsa kuma ya zama wakilin hannun jari da kwamitoci. A shekara ta 1878 an tuhume shi da "yin wauta ga shugaban kasa"; daga baya ya yarda cewa ya taimaka wa waɗanda ke cikin iyalinsa da kuma abokansa su yi amfani da Dokar Filaye ta 1869. Ya ci gaba da kasancewa mai himma a yankin a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar manoma ta Rochester (1879) da kuma ƙungiyar manoma ta Echuca (1881–82), da kuma kansilan Echuca Shire daga 1876; ya kasance shugaban majalisar 1888–89. 

## Siyasar jiha da ta tarayya
Brown ya shiga Majalisar Dokokin Victoria a shekarar 1886 a matsayin mai kare hakkin jama'a a majalisar Mandurang . An kayar da shi a shekarar 1889, kuma bai yi nasara ba a yunkurinsa na komawa Majalisar a shekarar 1892 (a Gunbower ), 1893 da 1894, an sake zabensa a Majalisar a shekarar 1897 don kujerar Shepparton da Euroa [1] a matsayin mai goyon bayan Sir George Turner. Bai yi nasara ba a yunkurinsa na komawa Goulburn Valley a shekarar 1904.[2]

A shekarar 1906, Brown ya shiga Majalisar Wakilai ta Tarayya a matsayin memba na Jam'iyyar Masu adawa da Gurguzu,  kuma an san shi da adawa da aikinsa ga ma'aikatar Alfred Deakin. Ya riƙe kujerar har zuwa 1910 lokacin da aka kayar da shi;  yunƙurin sake samun kujerar a 1913 ya sami kuri'u 67 kacal.

A lokacin ritayarsa, Brown ya mallaki wani kadara a karkara a Moyhu har sai da ya mutu a Brighton a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 1925, kuma 'ya mace ta rasu. 

## Manazarta
Sydney Christian

**Sydney Earnest Christian**, CMG (17 Afrilu 1868 - 17 Mayu 1931) Kanar ne na rundunar sojin Australiya kuma janar na wucin gadi a Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya. Ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1918 tare da matsayin birgediya janar mai daraja.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin Janar-janar na Australiya

## Manazarta

* Sydney Kirista, Tarihin Rayuwa a Janar Officers of the First AIF, www.aif.adfa.edu.au
* Whitelaw, J. (1979) 'Christian, Sydney Ernest (1868–1931)', Kamus na Tarihin Rayuwa na Australiya, Juzu'i na 7, (MUP)
Jeff Brisbane

**Jeffrey Peter Brisbane** (22 Oktoba 1924 - 17 Janairu 2002) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Australiya wanda ya buga wasa da Geelong a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Victorian (VFL). 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Brisbane ta yi aiki a matsayin ƙaramin laftana a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Royal Australia a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.[1]

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Jeff Brisbane's playing statistics from AFL Tables
* Jeff Brisbane at AustralianFootball.com
Traidcraft

**Traidcraft** ƙungiya ce ta Fairtrade da ke Burtaniya, wacce aka kafa a shekarar 1979. Kamfanin Traidcraft plc, wanda ke sayar da kayayyaki masu kyau, ya fara aiki a watan Janairun 2023.  

**Transform Trade** wata ƙungiyar agaji ce ta ci gaba wadda aka sake mata suna daga Traidcraft Exchange a watan Satumba na 2022.   Ta zama mai zaman kanta daga ƙungiyar Traidcraft ta asali a shekarar 2018. Transform Trade ta ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukanta ba tare da wani sharaɗi ba. 

Traidcraft ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Gidauniyar Fairtrade . 

## Tarihi
An kafa Traidcraft a matsayin ƙungiya mai tushen addini a watan Agusta na 1979. Richard Adams tare da ma'aikata shida ne suka ƙaddamar da shi daga saman bene na wani ma'ajiyar kayan tarihi na shekarun 1920 (India House, Carliol Square) a tsakiyar Newcastle upon Tyne . An zana kundin farko da hannu tare da ƙaramin zaɓi na samfuran jute daga Bangladesh . Cikin shekaru biyu an gabatar da shayi, kofi, sannan aka gabatar da nau'ikan abinci iri-iri. 

A watan Satumba na shekarar 1983, ƙungiyar ta koma wani    rumbun ajiya a kan Kamfanin Kasuwanci na Team Valley da ke Gateshead, Tyne &amp;amp; Wear .

A shekara ta 2004 ta buɗe wani rumbun ajiya na biyu a Team Valley, wanda ke ɗauke da sassan kula da inganci, na'urorin tattara abinci da sufuri. Traidcraft kuma tana da sashin manufofi da ke Landan, wanda ya kai jimillar ma'aikatan sama da 140. 

A shekarar 2018 an sanar da cewa bangaren ciniki na Traidcraft na fuskantar rufewa.  Tattaunawa kan makomarsa ta haifar da ci gaba da aiki na tsawon shekaru hudu, tare da mai da hankali kan kayayyakin abinci masu shahara.   Traidcraft plc a ƙarshe ta shiga gwamnati a watan Janairun 2023, inda ta ambaci tasirin hauhawar farashi, sauyin musayar kuɗi, da kuma ayyukan masana'antu na Royal Mail .  

## Gidauniyar Jirgin Ruwa
An kafa Gidauniyar Traidcraft ne domin tabbatar da cewa Traidcraft plc da Traidcraft Exchange sun ci gaba da mai da hankali kan babban burinsu. Ita ce kuma wacce ta kafa kungiyar agaji ta Traidcraft Exchange, don haka ta naɗa dukkan daraktocinta.

Gidauniyar Traidcraft tana da hannun jarin Guardian a Traidcraft plc.  Wannan ya ba Gidauniyar ikon kin amincewa da zaɓen daraktoci ga hukumar plc, biyan rabon riba da kuma ga Takardar Maƙala da Dokokin Ƙungiya. Dole ne kuma a tuntuɓi Gidauniyar kan manyan tsare-tsaren Traidcraft kuma tana da rawar da za ta taka wajen wakiltar ra'ayoyin masu ruwa da tsaki na waje a cikin tsarin lissafin zamantakewa.

### Ziyarar Haɗu da Mutane
Traidcraft ta gudanar da tafiye-tafiye don ziyartar masu samar da kayayyaki na kasuwanci na tsawon sama da shekaru 20. Yawon shakatawa ya haɗa da ziyartar bita, gidajen ma'aikata da kuma ziyartar wuraren tarihi masu ban sha'awa. Yawon shakatawa na Traidcraft Meet the People sun sami yabo sosai a cikin kyautar hukumar tafiye-tafiye mai dorewa ta Mafi Kyawun Mai Gudanar da Yawon Shakatawa a 2005. 

## Manazarta
Gidan Tarihi na Rayuwa

**Gidan Tarihi na Living Prairie** yana da  dogayen ciyawar daji da ke tsakanin Titin Daisy da Titin Harcourt, gabashin Titin Ness a cikin unguwar St. James-Assiniboia da ke Winnipeg, Manitoba .

An gano shi a shekarar 1968 lokacin da masana tsirrai biyu daga wani ƙaramin kwamiti na Shirin Halittu na Ƙasa da Ƙasa suka yi bincike kan al'ummomin shuke-shuken gona na asali na Manitoba.  Daga cikin wurare sama da 60 da aka yi bincike a kansu, huɗu ne kawai aka samu ba a noma su ba. An gano ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren da ba a taɓa yin rikici ba a wani yanki na zama a Winnipeg. A yau an keɓe wani ɓangare na wannan al'ummar gona ta asali a matsayin Birnin Winnipeg Nature Park, wanda ake kira Gidan Tarihi na Living Prairie.

Gidan Tarihi na Living Prairie yana da gidaje sama da nau'ikan ciyawa da furannin daji 160, da kuma tarin namun daji na daji. A Manitoba, kashi 1/20 cikin 1% ne kawai na ciyawar da ta yi tsayi a asali suka rage. Gidan Tarihi na Living Prairie yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙalilan da aka adana wannan yanayin halitta mai faɗi. An bayyana wannan gidan tarihi ta hanyar fassarar tarihi na ciyawar da ta yi tsayi a Yankin Winnipeg.

Gidan tarihi yana da cibiyar fassara tare da nunin tarihi da muhalli a kan gonaki.

## Tarihi
Birnin St. James-Assiniboia ya ware fili mai fadin  na ƙasar da ba a taɓa samun irinta ba a ci gaban birane a Assiniboia, Manitoba, wani yanki na Winnipeg don ƙirƙirar Gidan Tarihi na Living Prairie a 1970. A lokacin da ake kiyaye ƙasar, an yi hasashen cewa za ta kashe dala $90,000 a tsawon lokacin 1970-1980/82 don kula da sararin.  Rahoton ga Majalisar St. James-Assiniboia a lokacin ya ce:Ba za a iya ƙara jaddada muhimmancin yankin St. James a matsayin samfurin ciyayi na asali ba. An riga an sami nau'ikan shuke-shuke sama da 125 a wurin, kuma akwai yiwuwar wasu su faru.

 Da yawa daga cikinsu nau'ikan halittu ne da ke fuskantar barazanar ɓacewa a Manitoba, kowace shekara yankuna da yawa na halitta suna ɓacewa ta hanyar noma da ƙaura zuwa birane.

 Saboda wurin da yake a cikin birnin, wannan yanki yana ba da wani abu na musamman ga matasa da tsofaffi don jin daɗin ragowar gadonmu na halitta. A shekarar 1973 Majalisar Winnipeg ta amince da cibiyar fassara, wadda ta amince ta biya dala $50,000 (kashi 25% na kudin) na  kuma za a ƙidaya shi a matsayin aikin ƙarni na ɗari.  An gudanar da bikin juyawar ƙasa, wanda sabon Gwamna Janar Jules Leger ya halarta a ƙarshen Afrilu 1974.  An buɗe Cibiyar Fassara a ranar 23 ga Yuni, 1976. 

Bayan shekara guda, wasu gungun mazauna yankin sun yi ta fafutukar neman ƙarin , a lokacin da aka ware shi a matsayin Masana'antu, za a ƙara shi a Gidan Tarihi na Living Prairie. 

A shekarun 1960, Metro ta tsara hanyar Yammacin hanya don ratsa ta Gidan Tarihi na Living Prairie. Mazauna wurin sun ba da shawarar a gina ta a arewa, kafin a soke aikin. 

## Alaƙa
Gidan tarihin yana da alaƙa da CMA, CHIN, da Gidan Tarihi na Kanada .

## Manazarta
Sirimavo Bandaranaike Vidyalaya

**Sirimavo Bandaranaike Vidyalaya** (Sinhala) wata makarantar 'yan mata ce ta jama'a  a Colombo, Sri Lanka . Makarantar gwamnati ce ta Buddha da gwamnatin tsakiya ke sarrafawa,   tana ba da ilimin firamare da sakandare.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
An kaddamar da makarantar a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1973 a matsayin Makarantar Firamare ta Stanmore Crescent kuma an sake masa suna a watan Disamba na 1973 a matsayin makarantar Firamare na 'yan mata ta Sirimavo Bandaranaike don girmama Firayim Minista Sirimavo bandaranaike . Daga makarantar firamare, makarantar ta ci gaba zuwa makarantar sakandare kuma a ƙarshe zuwa makarantar ƙasa cikin shekaru goma sha bakwai.

## Tarihi

An kaddamar da Sirimavo Bandaranaike Vidyalaya  a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1973, a matsayin makarantar firamare ta Stanmore Crescent tare da malamai biyar da dalibai 149 a karkashin jagorancin Wimala Liyanage, shugaban kafa. Sunan makarantar shine "Stanmore Crescent Primary School" kuma ya kunshi azuzuwan har zuwa aji biyar.

Bayan watanni goma sha ɗaya na tattaunawa, Mataimakin Ministan Ilimi, B. Y. Tudawe, ya ba da shawarar canza sunan makarantar don girmama Firayim Minista Sirimavo Bandaranaike . 

Bayan rukunin farko na dalibai sun gama shekaru biyar na ilimin firamare, dole ne a kara azuzuwan don samar da ilimin sakandare kuma a cikin lokacin da ya dace an kafa azuzuwan har zuwa Shekara 13. Saboda goyon bayan tsoffin shugabanni Wimala Liyanage (1973-1982), da kuma R. M. L. Jayasekera (1982-2000) an ɗaga matsayin makarantar zuwa matakin Makarantar Kasa a 1991. A karkashin jagorancin W. P. N. de Silva (2000-2003) an ci gaba da bunkasa ayyukan ilimi da na haɗin gwiwa.

A ranar 6 ga Nuwamba 2003 P. M. Kalubowila ya ɗauki aiki a matsayin shugaban, bayan ya shiga Sirimavo Bandaranaike Vidyalaya a 1986 a matsayin malamin ilmin sunadarai. Kalubowila ta sadaukar da kanta don yin hidima a makarantar a fannin ayyukan ilimi da na hadin gwiwa da kuma inganta kayan aikin gine-gine da ci gaban albarkatun makarantar.

A watan Yulin 2009, Kalubowila ya umarci dukkan dalibai da su rufe bayanan Facebook, tare da barazanar korar su daga makaranta saboda rashin biyayya. Wannan ya haifar da gardama a tsarin makaranta a Sri Lanka. Bayan da Kalubowila ya yi ritaya a watan Fabrairun 2012, shugaban shi ne Dhammika C. Jayaneththi . An nada Malini Herath a matsayin shugabar a shekarar 2013 kuma tana cikin aji na 1 a cikin Hukumar Gudanar da Ilimi ta Sri Lanka .

## Manazarta
Koyar da Makoma

**Kamfe** ne da matasa ke jagoranta wanda ke fafutukar samar da ilimi mai zurfi a yanayi a Burtaniya, tare da rassansa a Scotland, Arewacin Ireland, Ingila da Wales. An kafa shi ne ta hanyar ƙungiyar ɗalibai masu sa kai a Makarantar Sakandare da Ilimi Mai Zurfi.

Yaƙin neman zaɓen ya mayar da hankali kan aiwatar da Ilimin Yanayi da Yanayi a cikin Manhajoji a Burtaniya. Samar da kayan aiki ga tsararraki masu zuwa da ƙwarewa da ilimin da ake buƙata don ayyukan kore na gaba. 

## Tarihi

### 2019: Kafawa
An tsara manufar "Teach the Future" a taron matasa na Abokan Duniya a Jami'ar Keele a lokacin bazara na 2019, inda matasa masu fafutukar kare muhalli suka nuna rashin jin daɗin rashin ilimin makaranta game da yanayi. Taken "Teach the Future" ya samo asali ne daga buƙatun Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi ta Ɗalibai - wacce ke aiki akai-akai tare da "Teach the Future" ta hanyar kamfen ɗin da aka kafa. 

An bayyana kamfen ɗin a ranar 12 ga Oktoba 2019 a taron gaggawa na yanayi na ƙungiyar ilimi ta ƙasa, a gaban ɗaki cike da ƙwararrun ilimi da masu fafutuka. Kwanaki biyu bayan buɗe kamfen ɗin, Teach the Future ta fara wani roƙo na neman ilimi mai faɗi a faɗin ƙasar wanda ya tara sa hannu sama da 27,000. 

### 2020: Tarbar 'yan majalisa da sabbin kamfen
Tsakanin Maris da Afrilun 2020, kamfen ɗin ya dakatar da ayyukansa saboda kulle-kullen COVID. 

Bayan wannan lokacin, Teach the Future ya koma tsarin shiryawa mai mayar da hankali kan intanet wanda aka riƙe shi sosai. 

A watan Mayu na 2020, an naɗa sabbin ma'aikatan ɗalibai shida don Coordinate Teach the Future tare da masu aikin sa kai na yanzu. 

A watan Yuni, ƙungiyar Teach the Future ta fara kamfen ɗinsu na murmurewa daga Covid. 

An ƙaddamar da Tech Future a watan Yunin 2020 tare da wani taro a wajen majalisar dokokin Scotland. Ƙungiyar ta yi tarurruka da Mataimakin Ministan Farko John Swinney da kuma MSPs daga faɗin majalisar. 

### 2021: Zayyana kudirin dokar ilimin yanayi
Sakamakon yakin neman zaben Teach the Future da aka yi kafin zaben Majalisar Dokokin Scotland na 2021, an ambaci ilimin yanayi a cikin manufofin Jam'iyyar Labour ta Scotland, 'Yan Democrat na Liberal na Scotland da SNP,  yayin da 'Yan Greens na Scotland suka yi nuni musamman ga kamfen a cikin manufofinsu. 

A watan Maris na 2021, ƙungiyar Teach the Future ta tsara gyare-gyare ga sabon manhajar Welsh wanda MS Llyr Grufdydd  ya gabatar kuma ya sami goyon baya daga Plaid Cymru da kuma 'yan Conservative na Welsh, kafin a kayar da su da ci 20-31 a wata muhawara.

A watan Agusta na 2021, ƙungiyar Teach the Future ta gudanar da zanga-zanga a wajen Ma'aikatar Ilimi, inda ta yi kira da a inganta ilimin yanayi. 

A watan Nuwamba na 2021, Nadia Whittome ta gabatar da kudirin koyar da yanayi na Teach the Future a Majalisar Dokokin Burtaniya .  Majalisar ta kada kuri'ar amincewa da a yi wa kudirin karatu na biyu a nan gaba. 

## Manazarta
Stop Climate Chaos Scotland

Ƙungiyar **Stop Climate Chaos Scotland** (SCCS) ƙungiya ce ta ƙungiyoyi a Scotland da ke fafutukar yaƙi da sauyin yanayi, waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙungiyoyin kwadago da ɗalibai, ƙungiyoyin ci gaban muhalli da na ƙasa da ƙasa, ƙungiyoyin addinai da na al'umma. Ƙungiyar tana da alaƙa ta kud da kud da ƙungiyar Stop Climate Chaos da ke London duk da cewa ƙungiya ce da aka kafa daban.

## Bayani
Ƙungiyar tana da ƙaramin ƙungiyar ma'aikata, kuma Hukumar da aka zaɓa ce ke kula da ita.  Shugaban da ke kan gaba a yanzu shine Tom Ballantine, tsohon lauya. Tsohon shugaban shine Mike Robinson, wanda yanzu shine Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa na Royal Scottish Geographical Society .

Dakatar da Rikicin Yanayi Scotland ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka Dokar Sauyin Yanayi (Scotland) ta 2009, dokar da ta fi ƙarfin sauyin yanayi a duniya. Dakatar da Rikicin Yanayi Scotland yanzu tana aiki don tabbatar da cewa alkawuran da aka tsara a cikin Dokar Sauyin Yanayi ta Scotland sun zama gaskiya kuma Scotland ta cimma burinta na rage hayaki da kashi 42% nan da shekarar 2020 da kuma kashi 80% nan da shekarar 2050. Ganin cewa hayakin da Scotland ke fitarwa ya kai ƙaramin kaso na jimillar duniya, SCCS kuma tana aiki tare da ƙungiyoyin fararen hula a wasu ƙasashe don haɓaka misalin sauyin yanayi na Scotland.

## Ƙungiyoyin membobi sun haɗa da

* ACTSA Scotland
* Mai Kula da Filin Jirgin Sama Scotland
* A Rocha Scotland
* Ƙungiyar Kare Makamashi
* Majalisar Al'umma ta Baldernock
* Canje-canje
* Taimakon Kirista a Scotland
* Cocin Scotland
* Damuwa a Duk Duniya
* Ƙungiyar Keke da Yawon Buɗe Ido ta Scotland
* Ƙungiyar Ɗaliban Jami'ar Edinburgh
* Hukumar Makamashi
* Abincin Fife
* Abokan Duniya Scotland
* Majalisar Wakilan Ɗaliban Jami'ar Glasgow
* Greenpeace
* Aikin Ayyukan Al'umma na Guildtown & Wolfhill Carbon
* Ƙungiyar Ɗaliban Jami'ar Heriot-Watt
* Ƙungiyar 'Yan Adam ta Scotland
* Al'ummar Iona
* Adalci da Zaman Lafiya a Scotland
* Ƙungiyar Ɗaliban Jami'ar Napier
* Ƙungiyar Dalibai ta Ƙasa ta Scotland
* Oxfam a Scotland
* Mutane da Duniya
* RSPB Scotland
* SCIAF
* Cocin Bishop na Scotland
* Cibiyar Tsuntsun Ruwa ta Scotland
* SCVO
* SEAD
* Sanduna
* Sustrans
* Hawaye
* Canji Scotland
* Canjin Linlithgow
* UKYCC
* UNISON Scotland
* WDM Scotland
* WWF Scotland

Duba kuma 'Yan Majalisar Dokokin Burtaniya da ke Dakatar da Rikicin Yanayi (UK).

## Duba kuma

* Ina Ƙidaya
* Dakatar da Rikicin Yanayi (Birtaniya)

## Manazarta
Cibiyar Andalusian don Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Ruwa

**Cibiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Andalusian**  Spanish Tecnología Marina, CACYTMAR) wata cibiyar bincike ce ta haɗin gwiwa da Jami'ar Cádiz da Majalisar Ilimi da Kimiyya ta Andalusian (*Consejería de Educación y Ciencia de la Junta de Andalucía* ) suka dauki nauyinta. An ƙirƙiri ta ne sakamakon Tsarin Bincike na II na Andaluz de Investigación, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyin bincike na yanki da dama. Duk da cewa tana da alaƙa da wata jami'a ta musamman, manufar ita ce a haɗa tare da yi wa duk cibiyoyi masu alaƙa da ita hidima a Andalusia, Spain waɗanda ke aiki a fagen. 

An shirya CACYTMAR ne a kan manyan fannoni guda biyar na jigo: nazarin teku, bakin teku, albarkatun ƙasa, ingancin muhalli, da fasahar ruwa. Ita ce laima ga ayyukan bincike kusan 30, yawancinsu ana ba da kuɗinsu ne ta hanyar *Plan Nacional de I+D+i* (Tsarin Bincike da Ci Gaban Ƙasa), kodayake wasu suna samun kuɗin ne daga Tarayyar Turai ko kuma ta Gwamnatin Andalusian Mai Zaman Kanta . Akwai kuma kwangiloli kusan 40 don bincike tare da haɗin gwiwar 'yan kasuwa ko wasu hukumomi.

Kwanan nan an fara aiki da ayyuka guda huɗu na CACYTMAR: Sabis na Tallafin Teku,  Sabis na Nazarin Abinci Mai Gina Jiki,  Sabis na Gano Hoto da Binciken Teku na Aiki da kuma Sabis na Nutsewa ta Fasaha da Kimiyya. 

## Manazarta
Janet K Jansson

**Janet Knutson Jansson** masanin kimiyyar halittu ne na Amurka wanda shine Babban Masanin Kimiyya a Pacific Northwest National Laboratory . Tana binciken al'ummomin microbial masu rikitarwa, gami da waɗanda aka samu a cikin ƙasa da hanji na mutum. Jansson yana daga cikin Phenotypic Response of the Soil Microbiome to Environmental Perturbations Science Focus Area, kuma yana cikin American Society for Microbiology . 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Jansson ta fara aikinta na kimiyya a Jami'ar Jihar New Mexico, inda ta fi dacewa da aikin injiniya na sinadarai amma ta zaɓi zaɓuɓɓuka a ilmin halitta da kimiyyar ƙasa.[1] Ta ce farfesa a fannin microbiology na ƙasa, William Lindemann, ya gabatar da ita ga microbiology.[1] Ta koma Jami'ar Jihar Colorado don digiri na biyu, inda ta fara aiki a kan ilimin microbiology na ƙasa.[2] Ta ci gaba da bincika ilmin halitta na mai a cikin bincikenta na digiri a Jami'ar Jihar Michigan, a lokacin da ta haɓaka hanyoyin binciken kwayar halitta don gano ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin samfuran muhalli.[3] Wannan sabon ra'ayi ne, saboda a baya ana iya bincika microorganisms ne kawai ta hanyar microscopy.[1] A shekara ta 1988, ta koma Sweden.[2]

## Bincike da aiki

Jansson ta kasance a bangaren koyarwa a Jami'ar Kimiyya ta Aikin Gona ta Sweden inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai bincike, malami, farfesa da Shugaban Ilimin Muhalli. Ta bar Sweden a shekara ta 2007, kuma ta koma Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory a matsayin babban masanin kimiyya. Ta rike mukamin hadin gwiwa a Jami'ar California, Berkeley da Jami'ar Copenhagen .  

A cikin 2014, Jansson ta shiga Laboratory na Arewa maso Yammacin Pacific, inda aka sanya ta Babban Masanin Kimiyya na Biology. Binciken ta ya yi la'akari da dabarun da suka danganci omics da yawa don bincika kwayoyin cuta. Ta yi nazarin yadda canjin yanayi ke tasiri ga al'ummomin microbial a cikin yanayin halittu: yadda zafin jiki ke tasiri ga microbiomes na ƙasa da kuma yadda fari ke tasiri ga ƙasa mai ciyawa. Har ila yau, tana da sha'awar microbiome na mutum: yadda abinci da cututtuka ke tasiri ga microbiome. Ita ce ta farko da ta yi amfani da dabarun kwayoyin kamar jerin kwayoyin halitta don fahimtar hanji na mutum, samun fahimta game da nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta da ke da hannu a cikin kiwon lafiya da cututtuka.

## Manazarta