Gona daji a Najeriya

Kashe bishiyoyi shine aikin ƙone shuke-shuke, ko dai da gangan ko ba da gangan ba, a Najeriya.  [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] Yana faruwa ne na yau da kullun a Lokacin fari lokacin da ciyawa da ciyawa suka bushe kuma suna iya cin wuta. Ana yin kone bishiyoyi galibi don dalilai na noma, kamar share ƙasa don noma, sarrafa kwari, da haɓaka amfanin ƙasa. Hakanan ana yin sa ne don farauta, yayin da wasu mafarauta ke amfani da wuta don fitar da dabbobi daga wuraren da suke ɓoyewa. Koyaya, ƙone daji yana da mummunar tasiri a kan muhalli, lafiya, da tattalin arziki. Yana haifar da gurɓataccen iska, lalacewar ƙasa, asarar halittu masu yawa, hayakin gas mai ɗorewa, lalaceyar ababen more rayuwa da hanyoyin rayuwa, da karuwar rauni ga canjin yanayi.

## Dalilan da suka haifar
Kashe bishiyoyi a Najeriya ya haifar da dalilai daban-daban, gami da:

* **Ayyukan noma**: Wasu manoma suna amfani da wuta don share ƙasa don noma, musamman a cikin Savanna da yankunan gandun daji. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] Sun yi imanin cewa ƙone shuke-shuke zai sauƙaƙa ƙasar noma, kashe ciyawa da kwari, da ƙara abubuwan gina jiki ga ƙasa. Koyaya, ana yin wannan aikin sau da yawa ba tare da tsarawa, sarrafawa, ko saka idanu ba, kuma yana iya haifar da gobarar da ba a sarrafa ta ba wanda ya bazu zuwa wasu yankuna.
* **Yin farauta**: Wasu mafarauta suna amfani da wuta don fitar da dabbobi daga wuraren da suke ɓoyewa, kamar su rodents, dabbobi masu rarrafe, da tsuntsaye. Suna kuma amfani da wuta don ƙirƙirar hanyoyi da wuraren samun dama a cikin daji. Koyaya, wannan aikin na iya haifar da gobarar da ba a sarrafa ta ba wanda ke lalata mazaunin da tushen abinci na namun daji.
* Kula da kwari: Wasu masu mallakar dabbobi suna amfani da wuta don sarrafa kwari da ke shafar dabbobinsu, kamar su tsetse, tsetse flies. Suna kuma amfani da wuta don haɓaka ci gaban sabon ciyawa don kiwo. Koyaya, wannan aikin na iya haifar da gobarar da ba a sarrafa ta ba wanda ke lalata ciyayi da ƙasa.
* **Wutar da ba ta dace ba**: Wasu gobara suna haifar da wuta ta hanyar haɗari daga tushe daban-daban, kamar walƙiya, hasken wuta daga motoci ko injuna, sigari da aka watsar, wuta, ko murhun dafa abinci. Wadannan gobarar na iya yaduwa da sauri kuma su haifar da mummunar lalacewa.

## Tasirin
Kashe bishiyoyi a Najeriya yana da mummunar tasiri ga muhalli, kiwon lafiya, da tattalin arziki, kamar:

* **Rashin gurɓata iska**: Kashewar daji yana samar da hayaki mai yawa, toka, da ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke gurɓata ikuku kuma suna rage ganuwa. Har ila yau, hayaki na iya ƙunsar abubuwa masu cutarwa, kamar su carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, da kuma kwayoyin halitta masu saurin canzawa, wanda zai iya shafar lafiyar mutum da dabbobi. Hayakin kuma na iya taimakawa wajen samar da ozone da hayaki, wanda zai iya kara cutar numfashi da cututtukan zuciya.
* **Rashin lalacewar ƙasa**: Kashewar bishiyoyi yana lalata kwayoyin halitta da abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ƙasa, yana sa ya zama ƙasa da amfani da amfani. Har ila yau, yana rage danshi na ƙasa kuma yana ƙara yawan zafin ƙasa, yana mai da shi mai saukin kamuwa da rushewa da tarwatsawa. Hakanan yana canza pH na ƙasa da aikin microbial, yana shafar ingancin ƙasa da lafiya.
* **Rashin bambancin halittu**: Kashewar daji yana lalata mazaunin da tushen abinci na shuke-shuke da dabbobi da yawa, yana rage bambancin su da yawa. Har ila yau, yana kashewa ko kawar da nau'o'i da yawa, musamman wadanda ba su da yawa, masu haɗari, ko kuma masu iyaka. Har ila yau, yana shafar bambancin kwayoyin halitta da tsarin juyin halitta na jinsunan da suka tsira.  
* **Rashin iskar gas**: Kashewar daji yana fitar da iskar gas mai yawa, kamar carbon dioxide, methane, da nitrous oxide, wanda ke taimakawa ga dumamar duniya da canjin yanayi. Wadannan iskar gas na iya shafar yanayin yanayi na yanki da na duniya, kamar ruwan sama, zafin jiki, da iska.
* **Lalacewar ababen more rayuwa** da hanyoyin rayuwa: Kashe bishiyoyi na iya lalata ko lalata ababen more more rayuwa, kamar hanyoyi, gadoji, gine-gine, layin wutar lantarki, da hanyoyin sadarwa, suna shafar sufuri, sadarwa, da isar da sabis. Hakanan yana iya lalata ko lalata kayan rayuwa, kamar amfanin gona, dabbobi, kayan abinci, da kayan aiki, yana shafar tsaron abinci, samun kudin shiga, da jin daɗin mutane. about="#mwt77" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":"FOOTNOTECaillaultBalloucheDelahaye2015375–387"},"body":{"extsrc":", pp.nbsp;375–387."},"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"sfn ","href":"./Template:Sfn"},"params":{"1":{"wt":" Caillault "},"2":{"wt":" Ballouche "},"3":{"wt":" Delahaye "},"4":{"wt":" 2015 "},"pp":{"wt":"375–387"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECaillaultBalloucheDelahaye2015375–387_4-8" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Transclusion mw:Extension/ref">[./Bush_burning_in_Nigeria#cite_note-FOOTNOTECaillaultBalloucheDelahaye2015375–387-4 ]
* **Ƙarin rauni ga canjin yanayi**: Kashewar daji yana rage juriya da iyawar daidaitawa na yanayin halittu da al'ummomi don magance tasirin canjin yanayi, kamar fari, ambaliyar ruwa, guguwar zafi, da barkewar cututtuka. Har ila yau, yana rage yiwuwar yanayin halittu da al'ummomi don rage canjin yanayi, kamar ta hanyar tsare carbon, daidaita ruwa, da samar da Ayyukan yanayin halittu.

## Ka'idoji da madadin
Kashe bishiyoyi a Najeriya ana sarrafa shi ta hanyoyi da manufofi daban-daban, kamar Dokar Ka'idojin Muhalli da Ka'idoji ta Kasa (NESREA), Manufofin Muhalli na Kasa, Manufofin Forest na Kasa, da Manufofin Canjin Yanayi na Kasa. Wadannan dokoki da manufofi suna da niyyar hanawa, sarrafawa, da kuma sarrafa konewar daji da tasirinsa, da kuma inganta inganta kula da ƙasa mai ɗorewa da kariya ta muhalli.

Koyaya, tilasta da aiwatar da waɗannan dokoki da manufofi galibi suna da rauni kuma ba su da tasiri, saboda ƙalubale daban-daban, kamar rashin wayar da kan jama'a, albarkatu, daidaitawa, da niyyar siyasa. Bugu da ƙari, wasu daga cikin waɗannan dokoki da manufofi sun wuce gona da iri kuma ba su nuna gaskiyar yanzu da ƙalubalen ƙone daji da canjin yanayi ba.

Sabili da haka, akwai buƙatar ƙa'idodi masu inganci da inganci da kuma hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su don ƙone daji a Najeriya, kamar:

* **Sanarwa da ilimi**: Akwai buƙatar wayar da kan jama'a da ilimantar da jama'a, musamman manoma da mafarauta, game da abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙone daji, da kuma fa'idodi da hanyoyin wasu ayyuka. Ana iya yin wannan ta hanyar tashoshi daban-daban, kamar kafofin watsa labarai, kamfen, bita, da sabis na fadadawa.
* **Sauran ayyuka**: Akwai buƙatar ingantawa da karɓar wasu ayyuka waɗanda zasu iya samun sakamako iri ɗaya ko mafi kyau kamar ƙone daji, ba tare da haifar da lahani ga muhalli da lafiya ba. Wasu daga cikin wadannan ayyukan sun hada da: sharewar inji, mulching, composting, juyawa na amfanin gona, intercropping, agroforestry, hadin gwiwar kula da kwari, sarrafawa mai cin wuta, da firebreaks.
* **Ƙarfafawa da takunkumi**: Akwai buƙatar samar da karfafawa da kuma takunkumi don ƙarfafawa da hana wasu halaye da ayyukan da suka shafi kone daji. Wasu daga cikin wadannan karfafawa da takunkumi sun hada da: tallafi, rance, tallafi, kyaututtuka, sanarwa, azabtarwa, tarar, gurfanar da kuma kwacewa.
* **Kulawa da kimantawa**: Akwai buƙatar saka idanu da kimanta aiwatarwa da tasirin dokoki, manufofi, da ayyukan da suka shafi kone daji. Ana iya yin wannan ta hanyoyi daban-daban, kamar su nesa, binciken filin, tambayoyi, da kuma ra'ayoyi. Wannan kuma na iya taimakawa wajen ganowa da magance gibin, ƙalubale, da damar ingantawa.

## Dubi kuma

* Kashe daji a Najeriya
* Batutuwan muhalli a Najeriya
* Wutar daji

## Manazarta

### Bayani

* NESREA
* Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Tarayya
* Kungiyar Abinci da Aikin Gona ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Najeriya
* ReliefWeb Najeriya