Sheikh Mokrani

Sheikh **Mohamed El-Mokrani** (d. 1871), wanda kuma aka fi sani da **Mohand Amokrane**, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan shugabanni kuma mai suna Mokrani Revolt na shekarar 1871 a kan mamayar Faransa a Aljeriya.

## Rayuwar farko
El-Mokrani zuriyar sarakunan Ait Abbas ne,  zuriyar Abderrahmane na Djebel Ayad.  *Amokrane*, sun kasance masu mulki tun ƙarni na sha shida na Kalaa na Ait Abbas a cikin Bibans da na yankin Medjana. A cikin shekarun 1830, mahaifin Cheikh Mokrani Ahmed El Mokrani (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 1853), ya zaɓi ya haɗa kansa da mahara Faransawa. Ahmed El Mokrani ne ya ba da izinin balaguron Iron Gates na shekarar 1839 kuma ya zama *khalifa* na Medjana a ƙarƙashin kulawar hukumomin Faransa.  Ba da daɗewa ba wannan ƙawancen ya bayyana kansa a matsayin wani nau'i na ƙasƙanci - wata doka ta shekarar 1845 ta soke *khalifalik* na Medjana ta yadda lokacin da Mohamed ya gaji mahaifinsa, a matsayin zaɓi na Ofishin Larabawa na Faransa, lakaƙinsa bai wuce "bachagha" ba (Turkish: başağa=babban kwamanda).  

## Tawayen Mokrani
Bayan mutuwar Ahmed Amokrane, hukumomin Faransa sun naɗa Mohamed El-Mokrani a madadinsa. Duk da haka bayan rashin jituwa da gwamnatin Faransa, ya yi murabus daga matsayinsa a cikin watan Maris 1871. Wannan rikici ya faru ne sakamakon yadda hukumomin 'yan mulkin mallaka suka yi watsi da Amokrane, inda suka samar da wata al'umma ta Faransa a Bordj Bou Arréridj tare da naɗa wani jami'in Faransa a matsayin shugabanta. Da yawa daga cikin ƴan asalin ƙasar sun yi gangami a kan tutocin Cheikh; rashin jin daɗinsu da ke yaɗuwa saboda bala'in yunwa, ƙara zaluntar launin fata daga Faransawa da manufar Kiristanci da cocin Katolika ke bi. Kashin da Faransa ta sha a yakin Franco-Prussian na shekarar 1870-71 ya raunana ikon mamaya.

A cikin watan Maris 1871 Mohamed El-Mokrani ya yi tawaye ga Faransa, yana ba da jagoranci kawai na tashi kuma ya shiga tare da Bordj-Bou-Arréridj. Ɗan uwansa Boumezrag da ɗan uwansa El-Hadj Bouzid ne suka taimaka masa; da Sheikh Mohand Meziane Ahadad na Saddouk Oufella, babban malamin tauhidi na Zaouia Tarahmanit wanda ya shiga wannan tawaye da ƙabilar sa. Yin amfani da matsayinsa da tasirinsa kan 'yan uwantakar Rahmania Sheikh Mohand-Amokrane ya sami damar shawo kan rashin jituwa a sansanin 'yan tawaye tare da sake kwace Bordj-Bou-Arreridj.

'Yan uwa na Rahamaniya: Almajiran Sheik Aaddad (El Haddad); ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen nasarar tada ƙayar bayan El Mokrani (Amokrane), musamman bayan Sheikh Aaddad (El Haddad) ya shelanta yaki da Faransa a ranar 8 ga watan Afrilu, 1871. Rikicin ya samu kwarin guiwa ne ta hanyar karuwar yawan mayakan da suka shiga cikinta tare da faɗaɗa shi zuwa yamma, arewa da gabas inda aka kewaye sansanonin sojojin 'yan mulkin mallaka a yankuna da dama.

Bayan ya ci nasara da dama, an kashe Mohamed El-Mokrani a ranar 5 ga watan Mayu, 1871, a Taouraga. Kabarinsa yana cikin Kolla N'at-Abbas (Bgayet) (Béjaïa). Ƙarƙashin jagorancin ɗan uwansa Boumzrag (Boumezreg), an ci gaba da boren har zuwa ranar 20 ga watan Janairu, 1872. An kama Boumzrag aka kai shi New Caledonia; tsibirin Faransa a cikin Pacific.

Bayan kama Sheik-el-Haddad, jihadi ya ci gaba a ƙarƙashin Bouamama. Haka kuma an sami wasu ƙananan ƙungiyoyin tawaye a Happy-Menaceur, inda dakarun 'yan tawaye suka yiwa Cherchel, Zurich, Vesoul-Benian da Hammam-Rirha ƙawanya. Wannan yunkuri kuma an murkushe shi. Daga watan Yuli zuwa Satumba 1872, sojojin Faransa sun ci gaba da mamaye Kabylie gaba ɗaya. Bou-Mezrag ya fake ne a Maadid, sannan daga baya ya yi nasarar tserewa dakarun Faransa da ke samun abokan ƙawance a tsakanin ƙabilun Abzinawa na Kudu. Janar Delacroix tare da 'yan ƙaramin runduna, ya ci gaba da bin 'yan tawayen bayan Ouargla. An kama Bou-Mezrag Mokrani, wanda ya kwashe kwanaki shida ba sha ko abinci ba.

Tashe-tashen hankula da suka fara a ranar 16 ga watan Maris, 1871, a Medjana, sun kare a ranar 20 ga watan Janairu, 1872, tare da kama Bou-Mezrag. Kashi na uku na Aljeriya tashin ya shafa kuma an sami mayaka kusan 200,000 a ƙarƙashin tutar 'yan tawaye.

An yi gudun hijira na ɗan'uwan El-Mokrani da dukan iyalin zuwa New Caledonia ba da daɗewa ba. Tare da su 212 mutane, da ake kira Kabyles du Pacifique, waɗanda suka shiga cikin tawaye, hukumomin Faransa sun gwada tare da tura su zuwa sansanonin aiki a tsibirin New Caledonia. Zuriyar Mokrani har yanzu suna zaune a tsibirin.

## Manazarta