Teresa Torrelles

**Teresa Torrelles Espina**  (27 ga Mayu 1908 - 18 ga Mayu 1991) ta kasance mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata a Catalan, mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata kuma mai kula da asibiti . Bayan ta yi aiki a masana'antar yadi tun tana ƙarama, Torrelles ta shiga ƙungiyar anarcho-syndicalist tana da shekaru 16. Ta ƙaura zuwa Terrassa, inda ta kafa ƙungiyar mata ta gida, wacce ta kafa ɗakin karatu mai sassaucin ra'ayi da makarantar addini . Ta yi nasarar matsa lamba don a amince da buƙatun mata masu aiki, kamar albashi daidai don aiki daidai da hutun haihuwa, ta hannun reshen gida na Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT). Ta kuma taimaka wajen kafa Mujeres Libres, ƙungiyar mata ta CNT. A lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Spain, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da asibiti, tana kula da gina asibiti tare da sashen haihuwa mai aiki a Terrassa. Bayan yaƙin, ta gudu zuwa Faransa, sannan Argentina da Venezuela, kafin ta koma Faransa, inda ta mutu a shekarar 1991.

## Tarihin Rayuwa

### Rayuwar Farko da fafutuka
An haifi Teresa Torrelles a Espanio a ranar 27 ga Mayu, 1908, a ƙauyen Nalec na Catalan, [ 2 ] 'yar Josep Torrelles da Teresa Espina.  Iyayenta suna aiki a matsayin manoma a gonar inabi, amma a shekarar 1914, an tilasta musu ƙaura bayan barkewar phylloxera . Sun zauna a Esparreguera, inda dukkan iyalin ke aiki a masana'antar yadi a  .  A lokacin tana da shekaru 16, a shekarar 1924, Torrelles ta shiga wata ƙungiyar masu ra'ayin gurguzu . A nan ne ta haɗu da abokiyar zamanta , tare da wanda ta haifi 'ya mace, Marisol. [ 2 ] Joan Roigé, almajirin Francesc Ferrer da memba na Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) ne ya koyar da ƙungiyar. 

### Tsarin Ma'aikata
A shekarar 1928, ta ƙaura zuwa birnin Terrassa, inda ta sami aiki a masana'antar yadi kuma ta ƙara shiga cikin ƙungiyar masu tsattsauran ra'ayi . Ta kafa ƙungiyar mata ta gida, inda ta taimaka wajen kafa ɗakin karatu mai sassaucin ra'ayi da makarantar addini, inda ta gayyaci malamar mai ra'ayin mazan jiya Antonia Maymón don ta yi lacca. [ 2 ] Ƙungiyar mata ta Torrelles wacce ke da alaƙa da ƙungiyar ma'aikatan yadi ta CNT kuma ta fara gudanar da tarurruka a cibiyar al'adu ta yankin Federación Anarquista Ibérica (FAI), inda suka tattauna batutuwan da suke son tatance tare a tarurrukan ƙungiyoyin kwadago.  A matsayinta na babbar shugabar ƙungiyar, ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara mata da ke aiki a masana'antar yadi ta birnin. [ 6 ]

Ƙungiyar ta haɓaka ƙaƙƙarfan halayyar mata ta 'yan gurguzu, wanda aka ƙarfafa shi ta hanyar jerin muhawara da laccoci kan batutuwa daban-daban. Sun kuma shirya rangadin ƙauyuka, don ƙarfafa kusanci da ƙaunar yanayi, da kuma tafiye-tafiye zuwa wasu birane, inda suka yi hulɗa da sauran ƙungiyoyin 'yan gurguzu da na mata. A lokacin yajin aikin gama gari a Barcelona a shekarar 1930, ta shigo da makamai da harsasai cikin babban birnin, ta ɓoye a ƙarƙashin rigarta, ta kuma rarraba su ga ma'aikatan 'yan gurguzu a La Rambla . [1]

Ta hanyar sanarwar Jamhuriyar Spain ta Biyu a shekarar 1931, ƙungiyar ta sami nasarar samun reshen CNT na gida don ɗaukar buƙatunta na daidaiton albashi don daidaiton aiki da hutun haihuwa . [ 7 ] Amma wannan lamari ne na musamman, domin kaɗan ne daga cikin ƙungiyoyin kwadago na CNT suka amince da waɗannan buƙatun; Torrelles da kanta ta danganta nasarar da suka samu a Terrassa da ƙarfin ƙungiyar mata a can, inda mata masu aiki ba su da tsari sosai a wasu sassan ƙasar.  Ƙungiyar mata ta Terrassa da kanta ta ci gaba da ilmantar da kuma tsara mata masu aiki a duk tsawon shekarun 1930.  A shekarar 1936, Torrelles ta shiga cikin kafa Mujeres Libres, ƙungiyar mata ta CNT, wadda ta shirya tarurruka kuma ta rubuta wasu kasidu na anarcha-feminist. 

### Gudanar da lafiya a lokacin yakin basasa
A kwanakin farko na Yaƙin Basasa na Spain, ƙungiyar mata ta Terrassa ta kafa makarantar koyon aikin jinya da kuma asibitin gaggawa don kula da mayaƙan da suka ji rauni. [ 9 ] Sun sanya wa asibitin gadaje daga gidajensu, kuma an taimaka musu a ƙoƙarinsu ta hanyar gudummawar da suka bayar da son rai, da kuma albarkatun da aka buƙata daga gwamnatin yankin . Ta ba da rahoton cewa, a ranar farko ta yaƙin: 

## Manazarta