Mahoma Mwyanda Mwaungulu

**Mahoma Mwaungulu** (3 ga watan Janairun 1932 Tanzania - 2004 Berlin) cikakken ɗan siyasan Afirka ne. Ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan jagorori a al'ummar Jamus da Afirka kafin sake hadewar Jamus da kuma bayan sake hadewar.

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Mahoma Mwaungulu a ranar 3 ga Janairun 1932 a tsohuwar mulkin mallakar Birtaniya ta Tanganyika, wanda a yanzu ake kira Tanzaniya, ɗan Ngonde biyu daga Nyasaland, wanda yanzu ake kira Malawi. Ya dauki lakabin gadon gargajiya na Mwakipunda, a matsayinsa na memba na majalisar sarakunan da ke da alhakin zabar sarkin Malawi daga cikin wasu mutanen da suka cancanta na dangin sarauta.

A cikin 1949, yana da shekaru 17, Mwaungulu ya shiga makarantar firamare a karon farko a Nyasaland (Malawi a yau) a Karonga, gundumar mahaifarsa da ke arewa maso yammacin gabar tafkin Nyasa, kusa da iyakar Tanganyikan. Shekaru hudu da suka gabata, yana ɗan shekara goma sha biyu, ya koma Overtoun Institution, wata babbar makarantar kwana a Livingstonia wadda mishan na Scotland suka kafa a ƙarshen karni na sha tara. A nan ne ya kammala aji 6 sannan ya karbi shaidar kammala karatunsa na firamare. Sai dai ’yan mishan sun sanar da shi cewa ba zai iya zuwa makarantar sakandare ba saboda marigayi shiga makarantar firamare da kuma shekarunsa na yanzu.

Mwaungulu ya yi imanin cewa dalilin da ’yan mishan suka yi game da shekarunsa wani dalili ne kawai, yana mai cewa suna ganin ya yi siyasa da yawa. A cewar Mwaungulu, ‘yan mishan sun nemi takura masa ci gaban siyasa ta hanyar jagorantarsa ​​zuwa ga karatun tauhidi, da nufin shirya shi a matsayin malamin makarantar firamare. Da rashin gamsuwa da wannan hanya, Mwaungulu ya yanke shawarar daina karatunsa kuma ya koma Uganda don yin rajista a wata makaranta mai zaman kanta. 

Ya halarci makarantar tunawa da Aggrey, da ke Bunnamwaya, arewacin tafkin Victoria kusa da Kampala, babban birnin Uganda, da kuma fiye da kilomita 1,500 daga gundumarsa ta Karonga. A lokacin da yake makarantar Aggrey Memorial, kusan rabin daliban sun fito ne daga wasu kasashen Gabas da Tsakiyar Afirka. Duk da haka, wurin da makarantar ke fama da cututtuka na wurare masu zafi, kuma Mwaungulu ya kamu da zazzabin cizon sauro da zazzabin cizon sauro daga gurbataccen ruwa, wanda hakan ya sa ya koma Nyasaland a shekara ta 1951. 

Mwaungulu ya fara siyasa a lokacin karatunsa a Afirka. An daure shi na tsawon shekara guda saboda kasancewarsa wani bangare na gwagwarmaya a Kudancin Rhodesia, (yanzu Zimbabwe). A matsayinsa na memba na kungiyar matasa ta Nyasaland African Congress, ya samu shawarar yin karatu a Ghana, daga nan kuma ya tsallaka nahiyar da kafarsa daga Tanzaniya zuwa Ghana domin ganawa da Kwame Nkrumah da George Padmore. Jam'iyyar Convention People's Party ta goyi bayan Mwaungulu ya halarci Accra Academy, makarantar kwana ta maza da ke bayar da ilimin sakandare da kuma taimakon dalibai masu bukata. A lokacin da yake Ghana, Mwaungulu ya samu yabo ga ilimin bogeois na Turai wanda ya haɗu da ta hanyar siyasa da na Afirka. Wannan tasirin biyu ya samo asali ne sakamakon shigarsa cikin kungiyar dalibai ta 'yan gurguzu ta kasa, wacce ke hade da shugaban kasar Ghana na lokacin Kwame Nkrumah. Ya samu tallafin karatu a jamhuriyar dimokaradiyyar Jamus, kuma daga 1960 zuwa 1964 ya karanta fannin tattalin arziki a Leipzig, a jami'ar Karl Marx. A matsayinsa na dalibi, ya ci gaba da tsunduma cikin harkokin siyasar Afirka kuma ya jagoranci jam'iyyar daliban Afirka. Jim kadan bayan kammala jarrabawar sa kuma kafin ya tafi zuwa sabuwar kasar Malawi, an kai masa harin wariyar launin fata da wasu daliban Jamus uku suka yi masa. An rubuta shi a cikin littafin Jamus kan ƙaura a cikin GDR.

### Ayyukan siyasa a Afirka
Bayan kammala karatunsa, an gayyace shi ya koma Malawi don yin aiki a matsayin masanin tattalin arziki na gwamnatin Hastings Banda. A wannan lokacin, ya kasance mai himma wajen yakar 'yantar da yankin Afirka ta Kudu da 'yan mulkin mallaka. Ya gana da Che Guevara a lokacin da yake gudanar da harkokinsa a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo. Sakamakon rikicin majalisar ministocin Malawi wanda ya mayar da Malawi mulkin kama-karya, daga baya aka tsare shi a gidan yari kuma gwamnatin Banda ta shirya kisansa, amma ya samu damar tserewa zuwa Tanzaniya tare da taimakon abokansa, daga baya ya koma Jamus ta Gabas inda ya zauna a shekara ta 1967.

### Ayyukan siyasa a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Jamus (GDR)
Mwaungulu ya koma GDR ne a matsayin memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na jam'iyyar Socialist League of Malawi (LESOMA), jam'iyyar adawa mafi girma a Malawi karkashin jagorancin Attati Mkapati. Yatuta Chisiza, wani mamba a tsohuwar majalisar ministocin Malawi da ke gudun hijira ne ya kafa jam'iyyar a Tanzaniya. Daga cikin gudun hijira nasa a GDR, Mwaungulu ya zama wakilin LESOMA na Gabashin Turai kuma ya shirya goyon bayansu ta kwamitin hadin kai na GDR. Akalla bugu biyu na "Kuchanso", shirin siyasa na LESOMA, an buga su a Gabashin Berlin kuma daga can zuwa Tanzaniya, inda aka yi safarar su zuwa Malawi. Amma GDR ya dakatar da tallafin a karshen shekara ta 1970, mai yiwuwa saboda hadin gwiwar tattalin arziki da Mozambique. Dangane da manufofinsa na siyasa, GDR dole ne ta kori Mwaungulu daga yankinta a cikin 1982 don hana shi shiga siyasa. Daga wannan lokacin ya zama wakilin LESOMA a Yammacin Turai. Ya kuma tilasta wa gwamnatin Jamus ta Yamma ta hanyar shari'a ta amince da shi a matsayin ɗan gudun hijira na farko na Malawi na Yammacin Jamus, ƙasar da ke goyon bayan mulkin Banda. A gabashin Berlin kuma ya yi rubuce-rubuce a kan karatun digirinsa. Ya kasa gamawa saboda GDR ya soke alawus dinsa.

### Ayyukan al'umma a Berlin-Kreuzberg
Ya yi aiki, koyarwa da gudanar da jawabai a cikin yanayi da yawa a cikin GDR da kuma cikin Tarayyar Jamus. Ya auri wata Bajamushiya, kuma ya haifi ‘ya’ya uku.

A ƙarshen 1980 Mwaungulu ya zama mai sukar gwamnatin Jamus ta Gabas kuma ya koma Berlin ta Yamma. A can ya zauna a gundumar Kreuzberg mai al'adu da yawa kuma ya ci gaba da aiki don haɗa 'yan Afirka da sauran baƙi cikin al'ummar Jamus. Cosmopolitan kamar yadda ya kasance, sharhin da ya yi game da karuwar wariyar launin fata a cikin haɗin gwiwar Jamus ya sami hanyar shiga wata jarida ta Malaysia: "Jamus ta gabas ta sa ya zama laifi har ma ya zama dan wariyar launin fata. Lokacin da 'yan gurguzu suka tafi, haka ma wannan doka. A Jamus ta Yamma, ban sani ba. Ina tsammanin gwamnati ta ci gaba da jure wa wariyar launin fata. Pan African haziki kuma mai fafutuka wanda ya yi karatu a GDR a shekarun 1960, kuma dan wani muhimmin dan kungiyar kwadagon Najeriya ne.

Mwaungulu ya mutu a shekara ta 2004 yana da shekaru 72 a duniya, a Urban Krankenhaus a Berlin Kreuzberg. A cikin watan Tarihin Baƙar fata na Berlin a cikin 2009, abokin makaranta kuma ɗan ƙasar, Knollys Mwanyongo, da Wilfred Imoudu ne suka gabatar da girmamawa ga tunawa da shi.

## Bayanan da aka ambata