Dorothy Olsen

**Dorothy Eleanor Olsen** ( née Kocher ; 10 ga Yuli, 1916 - 23 ga Yuli, 2019) matukin jirgin sama ne na Amurka kuma memba na Matan Jiragen Sama na Sojojin Sama (WASPs) a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu . Ta girma a gonar iyalinta da ke Woodburn, Oregon, tana sha'awar harkar jirgin sama tun tana ƙarama. Ta sami takardar shaidar tukin jirgin sama ta sirri a 1939, lokacin da ba a saba gani ba ga mata su zama matukan jirgi.

A shekarar 1943, Olsen ta shiga sabuwar ƙungiyar WASPs da aka kafa a matsayin ma'aikaciyar ma'aikatan gwamnati . Bayan ta yi horo a Texas, an tura ta zuwa ƙungiyar jiragen ruwa ta shida (Sixth Ferrying Group) a Long Beach, California, inda ta yi aiki a fannin jigilar sabbin jiragen sama daga masana'antun da aka gina su zuwa sansanonin jiragen sama na Amurka. Ta yi amfani da jiragen sama sama da 20 na soja, ciki har da jiragen sama masu inganci kamar P-51 Mustang da kuma P-38 Lightning mai injina biyu, waɗanda ta fi fifita fiye da manyan jiragen sama kamar jiragen sama masu jefa bama-bamai; ta fi son P-51.

Bayan yaƙin, Olsen ta yi ritaya daga jirgin sama ta koma jihar Washington, inda ta yi aure, ta haifi 'ya'ya, kuma ta rayu har tsawon rayuwarta. A shekarar 2009, an ba ta lambar zinare ta Majalisar Dokoki don girmama aikinta a lokacin yaƙin. Olsen ta mutu a shekarar 2019 tana da shekaru 103.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Dorothy Eleanor Olsen a Woodburn, kusa da Portland, Oregon, a ranar 10 ga Yuli, 1916, ga Ralph da Frances (Zimering) Kocher, kuma ta girma a ƙaramin gonar dangin.  Tana da shekaru takwas, ta yanke shawarar cewa tana son yin jiragen sama bayan ta karanta littafin *The Red Knight of Germany*, tarihin Floyd Gibbons game da gwarzon jirgin sama na Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya Manfred von Richthofen . Gabatarwar Olsen ga jirgin sama shine lokacin da ta hau jirgi biyu a wani bikin baje kolin gwamnati, wanda ya ba ta kwarin gwiwa ta ɗauki darussan tashi;   an ruwaito cewa farashin jirgin ya ƙare duk kuɗin da ta tara.  A shekarar 2011, ta shaida wa *Chinook Observer* : 

Bayan kammala karatun sakandare, Olsen ta yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin mai koyar da rawa. [1] Ta sami lasisin tukin jirgin sama na kanta a shekarar 1939, [2] : lokaci fihirisa 5:39 tana ɗaukar checkhive a cikin 40 horsepower (30 kW) Taylorcraft . An ruwaito cewa ɗaya daga cikin mata uku kacal a yankin Portland da ke da lasisin tuƙi na sirri a lokacin, [1] Olsen ta tashi da Woodburn Flying Club [1] (ta tuna cewa ita kaɗai ce mace a cikin maza goma sha tara), [3] kuma tare da Civil Air Patrol a Portland da The Dalles . [4]

## WASPs

A watan Satumba na 1942, an kafa ƙungiyar mata masu taimakawa jiragen ruwa, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Nancy Harkness Love . Rundunar ta ɗauki mata waɗanda suka riga suka mallaki lasisin tukin jirgin sama na kasuwanci tare da matsakaicin sa'o'i 1,100 na ƙwarewar tukin jirgin sama, don jigilar jiragen sama na soja ba tare da buƙatar ƙarin horo ba. A cikin wannan watan, an ƙirƙiri ƙungiyar horar da jiragen sama ta mata a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Jacqueline Cochran . Wannan ƙungiyar ta ɗauki mata matukan jirgi marasa ƙwarewa kuma ta ba su ƙarin horo don tukin jiragen sama na soja, wanda ya yi daidai da manhajar horar da sojojin sama na rundunar sojojin sama . A lokacin bazara na 1943,  an haɗa waɗannan rukunin biyu don samar da Matan Jiragen Sama na Sabis (WASPs). WASPs sun ɗauki ayyukan tukin jirgin sama marasa yaƙi a matsayin ma'aikatan gwamnati, gami da koyarwar tashi, ja dawakai da wuraren atisayen bindigogi, yin gwajin jiragen sama na injiniya, da jigilar jiragen sama.    

## Manazarta