Tsarin rayuwar tallafin fasaha

**Tsarin rayuwa na tallafin fasaha** shine tsarin zamantakewa wanda ke bayyana tallafi ko karɓar sabon samfurin ko kirkire-kirkire, bisa ga halayen yawan jama'a da halayyar ƙididdigar ƙungiyoyin masu karɓa. Tsarin tallafi a tsawon lokaci yawanci ana kwatanta shi azaman rarraba na al'ada ko "ƙaddamar da kararrawa". Misali yana kiran rukuni na farko na mutane don amfani da sabon samfurin "masu kirkiro", sannan "Masu karɓar farko". Na gaba sun zo "mafi rinjaye na farko" da "mafi yawan baya", kuma rukuni na ƙarshe don karɓar samfurin ana kiransu "laggards" ko "phobics". Misali, mai tsoratar da mutane na iya amfani da sabis na girgije ne kawai lokacin da ita ce hanyar da ta rage don yin aikin da ake buƙata, amma mai tsoratarwa bazai da zurfin ilimin fasaha game da yadda za a yi amfani da sabis ɗin ba.

Bayanan jama'a da na tunani mutum (ko "psychographic") na kowane rukuni na tallafi an ƙayyade su ne ta hanyar masu binciken noma a cikin 1956: 

* masu kirkiro - suna da manyan gonaki, sun fi ilimi, sun fi wadata kuma sun fi fuskantar haɗari
* Masu karɓar farko - matasa, masu ilimi, sun kasance shugabannin al'umma, marasa wadata
* mafi rinjaye na farko - mafi ra'ayin mazan jiya amma suna buɗewa ga sababbin ra'ayoyi, masu aiki a cikin al'umma da tasiri ga maƙwabta
* marigayi mafi rinjaye - tsofaffi, marasa ilimi, masu ra'ayin mazan jiya kuma marasa aiki a cikin al'umma
* laggards - masu ra'ayin mazan jiya sosai, suna da ƙananan gonaki da babban birnin, tsofaffi da marasa ilimi

An daidaita samfurin don fannoni da yawa na tallafin fasaha a ƙarshen karni na 20, misali a cikin yaduwar sababbin manufofi tsakanin jihohin Amurka.

## Daidaitawar samfurin
Misali ya haifar da sauye-sauye da yawa waɗanda ke faɗaɗa manufar ko amfani da ita ga takamaiman yankuna masu sha'awa.

A cikin littafinsa Crossing the Chasm, Geoffrey Moore ya ba da shawarar bambancin asalin rayuwa. Ya ba da shawarar cewa don sababbin abubuwa, wanda zai iya haifar da rushewar Foster bisa ga s-curve,  akwai rata ko rami tsakanin kungiyoyi biyu na farko (masu kirkiro / masu karɓar farko), da kasuwanni na tsaye.

Rushewa kamar yadda ake amfani da shi a yau na Clayton M. Christensen iri ne. Wadannan rushewa ba su da tushe ga s-curve.

A cikin fasahar ilimi, Lindy McKeown ya samar da irin wannan samfurin (a pencil metaphor ) wanda ke kwatanta Fasahar Bayanai da Sadarwa a ilimi.

A cikin ilimin zamantakewar kiwon lafiya, Carl May ya ba da shawarar Ka'idar tsarin daidaitawa wanda ke nuna yadda fasahar ta shiga da kuma hadewa a cikin kiwon lafiya da sauran nau'ikan ƙungiyoyi.

Wenger, White da Smith, a cikin littafin su Digital habitats: Gudanar da fasaha ga al'ummomi, magana game da masu kula da fasaha: mutanen da ke da isasshen fahimtar fasahar da ake da ita da bukatun fasaha na al'umma don kula da al'umma ta hanyar tsarin tallafin fasaha.

Rayna da Striukova (2009) sun ba da shawarar cewa zaɓin ɓangaren kasuwa na farko yana da muhimmiyar mahimmanci don ƙetare rami, kamar yadda tallafi a cikin wannan ɓangaren na iya haifar da tallafi a sauran ɓangarorin. Wannan ɓangaren kasuwa na farko, a lokaci guda, ya ƙunshi babban rabo na masu hangen nesa, ya zama ƙarami don a lura da tallafi daga cikin ɓangaren kuma daga wasu ɓangarori kuma ya isa ya haɗa da wasu ɓangarorin. Idan wannan shi ne lamarin, tallafi a cikin ɓangaren farko zai ci gaba da raguwa cikin sassan da ke kusa, don haka ya haifar da tallafi ta kasuwar jama'a.[1]

Stephen L. Parente (1995) ya aiwatar da Markov Chain don tsara ci gaban tattalin arziki a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban da aka ba da shingen fasaha daban-daban.

A cikin tallan samfur, Warren Schirtzinger ya ba da shawarar fadada asalin rayuwar (Customer Alignment Lifecycle ) wanda ke bayyana tsarin tsarin kasuwanci daban-daban guda biyar waɗanda ke bin jerin fasahar tallafi.

## Misalan
Ɗ*a* daga cikin hanyoyin da za a iya yin koyi da tallafin samfur b="#mwt20" class="mw-ref reference" data-cx="{}" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-9","html":"Von Ahn, Luis. (2008)  lectures at Carnegie Mellon University."}}' id="cite_ref-9" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Technology_adoption_life_cycle#cite_note-9 [1] shine fahimtar cewa halayen mutane suna rinjayar takwarorinsu da kuma yadda suke tunanin wani mataki. Ga fasahar da yawa da ke dogara da tsari, mutane suna da biyan kuɗi ba tare da komai ba don karɓar fasahar iri ɗaya kamar abokai ko abokan aikinsu mafi kusa. Idan masu amfani biyu sun karɓi samfurin A, za su iya samun sakamako a > 0; idan sun karɓi samfuri B, za su sami b > 0. Amma idan daya ya karɓi A ɗayan kuma ya karɓi B, dukansu suna samun biyan kuɗi na 0.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Ana iya saita ƙofar ga kowane mai amfani don karɓar samfurin. Ka ce maɓallin v a cikin jadawalin yana da maƙwabta d: to v zai karɓi samfurin A idan kashi p na maƙwabtanta ya fi ko daidai da wasu ƙofofi. Misali, idan ƙofar v ta kasance 2/3, kuma daya daga cikin maƙwabtanta biyu ne kawai ya karɓi samfurin A, to v ba zai karɓi A ba. Yin amfani da wannan samfurin, za mu iya ƙayyade samfurin samfurin karɓa akan hanyoyin sadarwar samfurin.

## Tarihi
Tsarin rayuwa na tallafin fasaha shine tsarin zamantakewa wanda shine fadada samfurin da ya gabata da ake kira *tsarin watsawa*, wanda George M. Beal da Joe M. Bohlen suka buga shi a shekarar 1956.  Wannan labarin bai amince da gudummawar dalibi na Ph.D. na Beal Everett M. Rogers ba; duk da haka Beal, Bohlen da Rogers nan da nan suka hada hannu da wani labarin ilimi game da hanyar su. Wannan binciken da aka gina a kan aikin da Neal C. Gross da Bryce Ryan suka yi a baya.

Rogers ya ƙaddamar da tsarin watsawa zuwa sababbin abubuwa a waje da bangaren noma na tsakiyar yammacin Amurka, kuma ya sami nasarar fadada abubuwan da ya yi a cikin littafinsa na 1962 mai suna Diffusion of Innovations  (yanzu a cikin bugu na biyar). 

## Dubi kuma

* Misali na watsa bass
* Rarraba (kasuwanci)
* Tsarin Hype
* Misali mai amfani mai laushi
* Sabon addinin Lutheran
* Misali na karɓar fasaha
* Tsarin rayuwa na fasaha
* Tsarin Mulki daban-daban