2009 German federal election

An gudanar da Zaben tarayya a Jamus a ranar 27 ga Satumba 2009 don zabar mambobin Bundestag na 17. [1]

Jam'iyyar Christian Democratic Union (CDU), 'yar uwarta ta Bavarian, Christian Social Union (CSU), da Free Democratic Party (FDP) sun lashe zaben, kuma jam'iyyun uku sun kafa sabuwar gwamnati ta tsakiya tare da Angela Merkel a matsayin Shugaba. Duk da yake rabon CDU / CSU na kuri'un ya ragu dan kadan, an biya shi fiye da nasarorin "abokin hulɗa da suke so", mai sassaucin ra'ayi FDP, wanda ya sami sakamako mafi karfi a tarihinsa.

CDU da tsohon abokin tarayya na CSU a cikin "Babban hadin gwiwa", Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (SPD) karkashin jagorancin Frank-Walter Steinmeier, sun yarda da cin nasara  bayan sun fadi da fiye da kashi 11, suna karɓar mafi munin sakamako tun ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu (kawai an rage su a cikin 2017 da 2025). A kashi 70.8 cikin dari, yawan masu jefa kuri'a shine mafi ƙanƙanta a zaben tarayya na Jamus tun 1949.

## Tsarin zabe
Dangane da Mataki na 38 na Dokar Tushen Tarayyar Jamus, za a zabi mambobin Bundestag a cikin zaɓen gaba ɗaya, kai tsaye, kyauta, daidai, da na sirri; kowa da ya wuce shekaru goma sha takwas yana da damar jefa kuri'a.

A shekara ta 2008, an buƙaci wasu gyare-gyare ga tsarin zaɓe a ƙarƙashin umarnin Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta Tarayya ta Jamus. Kotun ta sami tanadi a cikin Dokar Zabe ta Tarayya wanda ta hanyarsa zai yiwu wata jam'iyya ta fuskanci nauyin kuri'u mara kyau, wato rasa kujeru saboda ƙarin kuri'u, ya keta garantin tsarin mulki na tsarin zaɓe na kasancewa daidai da kai tsaye.[undefined] Kotun ta ba da izinin shekaru uku don waɗannan canje-canje, don haka ba a shafi zaben tarayya na Jamus na 2009 ba. Canje-canjen sun kasance ne a ranar 30 ga Yuni 2011 amma ba a kammala dokar da ta dace ba a wannan lokacin. An kafa sabuwar dokar zabe a ƙarshen 2011 amma Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta Tarayya ta sake ayyana ta ba bisa ka'ida ba a kan karar da aka shigar daga jam'iyyun adawa da kuma ƙungiyar wasu 'yan ƙasa 4,000.[1]

Hudu daga cikin bangarori biyar a cikin Bundestag sun amince da sake fasalin zaɓe inda za a kara yawan kujeru a cikin Bundostag kamar yadda ya cancanta don tabbatar da cewa ana biyan duk wani kujerun da aka raba ta hanyar rarraba kujerun daidaitawa, don tabbatar da cikakken daidaito bisa ga rabon jam'iyyar siyasa na kuri'un jam'iyya a matakin ƙasa. Bundestag ta amince kuma ta aiwatar da sabon sake fasalin zabe a watan Fabrairun 2013. 

Ana zabar Bundestag ta amfani da wakilci mai daidaituwa, ma'ana cewa kowane mai jefa kuri'a yana da kuri'u biyu, kuri'a ta farko don zaben dan takarar mazabar ta hanyar farko da ya wuce [1] da kuma kuri'a na biyu don zaben Jerin jihohi. [2] Ana amfani da hanyar Sainte-Laguë / Schepers don canza kuri'un zuwa kujeru, a cikin tsari na matakai biyu tare da kowane mataki wanda ya shafi lissafi biyu.[3] Na farko, ana lissafin adadin kujerun da za a rarraba wa kowace jiha, bisa ga yawan mutanen Jamus da ke zaune a can. Sa'an nan kuma ana rarraba kujerun a kowace jiha ga jerin jam'iyyun a wannan jiha, bisa ga yawan kuri'u na biyu da kowace jam'iyya ta samu.[4]

A cikin rarraba kujeru tsakanin jerin jihohi, kawai jam'iyyun da suka samu aƙalla kashi biyar cikin dari na kuri'un da aka jefa a yankin zaɓe ko kuma sun sami kujerar aƙalla mazabu uku ne ake la'akari da su.[1] Ana ƙayyade mafi ƙarancin adadin kujeru ga kowace jam'iyya a matakin tarayya. Ana yin wannan ta hanyar lissafin, ga kowane jerin jam'iyya, yawan kujerun mazabar da ta samu bisa ga kuri'un farko, da kuma yawan kujerar da ta cancanci bisa ga kuri-tallace na biyu. Mafi girma daga cikin waɗannan adadi biyu shine mafi ƙarancin adadin kujerun jam'iyyar a wannan jiha. Haɗuwa tare da mafi ƙarancin adadin kujerun da jam'iyyar ke da shi a duk jihohin yana samar da jimlar da ke wakiltar mafi ƙaranciyar adadin kujeruna a cikin ƙasar gaba ɗaya.[1]

Don tabbatar da cewa kowace jam'iyya ta sami mafi ƙarancin adadin kujerun lokacin da aka rarraba kujerun ta amfani da hanyar Sainte-Laguë / Schepers, yana iya zama dole don ƙara yawan kujerun a cikin Bundestag. Sa'an nan kuma dole ne a tabbatar da cewa ana rarraba kujerun ga jam'iyyun daidai da rabon su na kasa na kuri'un na biyu.[1] Ana kirkirar ƙarin kujerun da aka ɗora, ko kujerun ma'auni, don tabbatar da cewa rarraba kujerun ya nuna rabon jam'iyyun na kuri'u na biyu kuma babu wata jam'iyya da ta sami ƙasa da adadin kujerun. Ana kuma buƙatar kujerun daidaitawa don tabbatar da cewa kowane jam'iyya yana buƙatar kusan adadin kuri'u na biyu a kowane wurin zama. Da zarar an ƙayyade yawan kujerun da kowace jam'iyya ke da damar karɓa a duk faɗin ƙasar, ana rarraba kujerun ga jerin jihohin jam'iyyun. Kowace jerin jihohi dole ne su sami akalla kujeru da yawa kamar yawan mazabar da jam'iyyar ta lashe a cikin jihar da ake tambaya.[1]

## Yaƙin neman zaɓe
Tun daga Zaben 2005, Shugaba Angela Merkel (CDU) ta yi mulki a cikin Babban hadin gwiwa tare da SPD. Koyaya, burinta ne ya bayyana don samun rinjaye ga CDU / CSU da FDP (abokin haɗin gwiwar gargajiya na CDU / CSU) a cikin 2009.

Ministan harkokin waje kuma Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Frank-Walter Steinmeier (SPD) an zabi shi a matsayin dan takarar shugaban jam'iyyarsa a wani taron a ranar 18 ga Oktoba 2008.  Ya yi niyyar kafa gwamnati inda SPD ta kasance jam'iyya mafi karfi, amma kuma wanda ya cire jam'iyyar Hagu-socialist The Left.

An yi la'akari da yakin neman zabe mai banƙyama,  wanda zai iya kasancewa saboda rashin kwarewa daga bangaren shugabannin CDU da SPD.  Wani dalili da aka nuna don yakin neman zabe shi ne cewa CDU da SPD dukansu sun kare rikodin babban hadin gwiwar su, kuma suna fuskantar yiwuwar ci gaba da babban hadin gwiwa a hanyar abokantaka. Merkel ta gamsu da salon kamfen ɗin da ba shi da ma'ana, wanda aka fi gani a matsayin mai fa'ida ga jam'iyyarta saboda yawan amincewarta.

Dan takarar CDU Vera Lengsfeld ta fitar da wata takarda ta yakin neman zabe da ke nuna kanta da Merkel a hanyar da ta jaddada Ragewa da su. Hoton ya ɗauki taken "Muna da ƙarin abin da za mu bayar" (Jamusanci: ""). 

A ranar 23 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 2009, kwana hudu kafin zaben tarayya, 'yan sanda na Jamus sun mamaye hedikwatar Berlin na Jam'iyyar National Democratic Party of Germany NPD don bincika ikirarin cewa wasiƙun da aka aika daga NPD ga' yan siyasa daga asalin baƙi sun haifar da ƙiyayya ta launin fata. Shugaban NPD a Berlin ya kare wasikun yana cewa "A matsayin wani ɓangare na dimokuradiyya, muna da damar faɗin idan wani abu bai dace da mu a wannan ƙasa ba. "

Zaben tarayya shine zaben karshe kuma mafi mahimmanci a cikin abin da ake kira  (shekarar zabe) a Jamus. Baya ga zaben sabon Bundestag, wanda aka shirya don shekara ta 2009 shine zaben Majalisar Tarayya Turai a ranar 7 ga Yuni, zabuka bakwai na gida a wannan rana, zabuka biyar na jihohi da ƙarin zaben gida a watan Agusta da Satumba da kuma zaben shugaban Jamus ta Majalisar Tarayya a ranar 23 ga Mayu.

## Binciken ra'ayi

CDU / CSU da FDP, tare da matsakaicin kuri'un kusan kashi 50% a cikin zaɓen da aka yi kafin zaben a cikin makonni kafin zaben, sun kasance a bayyane a gaban sauran abokan haɗin gwiwar gargajiya a Jamus, SPD da Green. [1]

## Manazarta