Canjin yanayi a Jamhuriyar Dominica

Jamhuriyar Dominican (Mutanen Espanya: República Dominicana) ƙasa ce a Yammacin Indiya wacce ta mamaye gabas biyar da takwas na Hispaniola. Tana da yanki na 48,670 km2, gami da tsibiran bakin teku. Iyakar ƙasar da aka raba tare da Haiti, wadda ta mamaye yammacin kashi uku cikin takwas na tsibirin,[1][2] yana da tsawon kilomita 376.[3] Matsakaicin tsayin, gabas zuwa yamma, shine kilomita 390 daga Punta de Agua zuwa Las Lajas, akan iyaka da Haiti. Matsakaicin nisa, arewa zuwa kudu, shine kilomita 265 daga Cape Isabela zuwa Cape Beata.[4] Babban birnin kasar, Santo Domingo, yana bakin tekun kudu.

Tekun Atlantika a arewa da Tekun Caribbean a kudu sun wanke bakin tekun Jamhuriyar Dominica. Hanyar Mona, tashar da ke da faɗin kilomita 130, ta raba ƙasar (da Hispaniola) daga Puerto Rico.&nbsp;

## Yanayin jiki

Jamhuriyar Dominica ƙasa ce mai duwatsu da yawa, kuma mafi girman tsaunuka na West Indies ana samun su a nan. Sandan duwatsu suna nuna shugabanci arewa maso yamma- kudu maso gabas, sai dai a yankin Kudancin (a Haiti) inda suke da shugabanci yamma-gabas. Duwatsun sun rabu da kwari tare da wannan gaba ɗaya.

Daga arewa zuwa kudu, tsaunuka da kwari sune: 

* *[[Tortuga (Haiti)|Turtle]]="Cordillera Septentrional">Cordillera ta Arewa* (a cikin Turanci, "Northern Range"). Yana gudana daidai da gabar arewa, tare da faɗaɗa zuwa arewa maso yamma, tsibirin Tortuga, da kuma kudu maso gabas, Yankin Samaná (tare da Sierra de Samaná). Dutsen da ya fi girma shine Diego de Ocampo, kusa da Santiago, tare da 1,249 m. Akwai ƙananan filayen da yawa tsakanin wannan kewayon da Tekun Atlantika. Koguna gajere ne kuma mafi yawansu suna gudana zuwa arewa.
* Kwarin *Cibao* (Jamhuriyar Dominica) shine mafi girma kuma mafi mahimmancin kwarin kasar. Wannan doguwar *Kwarin Yuna* shimfiɗa daga Arewacin Haiti, inda ake kira Plaine du Nord, zuwa Samaná Bay. Ana iya raba shi zuwa sassa biyu: ɓangaren arewa maso yamma shine *Yaque del Norte Valley* (ko Línea Noroeste) da gabashin Yuna Valley (ko *Vega Real*, Turanci: *Royal Valley*). *Vega Real* shine yankin da ya fi dacewa a kasar, tare da yawan jama'a.
* *Cordillera ta Tsakiya* (wanda kuma ake kira *Sierra del Cibao*) ita ce mafi girman fasalin tsibirin kuma an san ta a Haiti da Massif du Nord ("Northern Massif"). Duwatsu mafi girma na West Indies suna cikin wannan kewayon: Pico Duarte, 3,098 m, da sauransu sama da 3,000 m. Kusa da tsakiyar tsibirin, wannan kewayen ya juya kudu kuma ana kiransa Sierra de Ocoa, yana ƙare kusa da birnin Azua de Compostela, a bakin tekun Caribbean. Wani reshe, Cordillera Oriental ko *Sierra del Seibo*, an raba shi daga babban sarkar ta yankin karstic (Los *Haitises*) kuma tare da shugabanci yamma maso gabas; yana kudu da Samaná Bay.

* San Juan Valley da Plain of Azua manyan kwari ne a kudancin Cordillera Central tare da tsawo daga 0 zuwa 600 m.
* Sierra de Neiba, tare da *Dutsen Neiba* dutse mafi tsawo tare da 2,279 m. Ƙarin zuwa kudu maso gabashin Sierra de Neiva shine *Sierra Martín García* (*Loma Busú*, 1,350 m).
* *Hoya de Enriquillo* ko Neiba Valley kwari ne mai ban mamaki, tare da yamma maso gabas, mai ƙarancin tsawo (a matsakaita 50 m tare da wasu maki a ƙasa da matakin teku) kuma tare da babban tafkin gishiri: *Tafkin Enriquillo* .
* *Dutsen Bahoruco*, wanda ake kira *Massif de la Selle* a Haiti. Wannan rukuni na kudancin tsaunuka suna da yanayin ƙasa daban-daban daga sauran tsibirin.
* Llano Costero del Caribe (a cikin Turanci, "Caribbean Coastal Plain") yana cikin kudu maso gabashin tsibirin (da Jamhuriyar Dominica). Babban Savanna ne a gabashin Santo Domingo .

## Yanayi

Jamhuriyar Dominican ƙasa ce ta wurare masu zafi, da ruwa. Dangane da yanayin yanayin tsaunuka daban-daban, yanayin ƙasar yana nuna bambanci mai yawa don girmansa, kuma yana da mafi yawan yankuna sauyin yanayi na duk tsibiran Caribbean, gami da yanayin tsaunuka masu zafi (Cwb), yanayin teku (Cfb) da yanayin zafi mai zafi (BSh) tare da yanayin yanayi na wurare masu zafi na yau da kullun (Aw), damina (Am) yanayi na yanayi na Caribbean. An daidaita yanayi a yankuna da yawa ta hanyar hawa sama da kuma iskar kasuwancin arewa maso gabas, wanda ke kadawa a hankali daga Tekun Atlantika duk tsawon shekara. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara shine 25 °C (77 °F); Matsakaicin yanayin yanki yana daga 18 °C (64.4 °F) a cikin tsakiyar Cordillera Central (Constanza) zuwa sama da 27 °C (80.6 °F) a cikin busassun yankuna. Da kyar yanayin zafi ya hau sama da 32 °C (89.6 °F), kuma sanyin zafi yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin hunturu a cikin manyan tsaunuka. Matsakaicin zafin jiki a Santo Domingo a watan Janairu shine 24 °C (75.2 °F), da 27 °C (80.6 °F) a watan Yuli.

Lokacin damina na bakin tekun arewa daga Nuwamba zuwa Janairu. Ga sauran ƙasar, lokacin damina yana daga Mayu zuwa Nuwamba. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine milimita 1,346 (53.0 in), tare da matsananciyar milimita 2,500 (98.4 in) ko fiye a cikin tsaunukan arewa maso gabas (bangaren iska na tsibirin) da milimita 500 (19.7 in) a cikin kwarin kudu maso yamma. Kwaruruka na yamma, tare da kan iyakar Haiti, sun kasance a bushe sosai, tare da ƙasa da milimita 760 (29.9 in) na hazo na shekara, saboda tasirin inuwar ruwan sama sakamakon tsaunukan tsakiya da arewa. Yankunan arewa maso yamma da kudu maso gabas na kasar su ma ba su da yawa.

Jamhuriyar Dominica a wasu lokuta tana lalacewa ta hanyar guguwa da guguwa, wanda ya samo asali ne a tsakiyar Atlantic da kudu maso gabashin Caribbean daga Yuni har zuwa Nuwamba (musamman daga Agusta zuwa Oktoba) a kowace shekara.
Fayil:Cabo_Cabrón,_(Rincón_Beach)_Samaná,_DR.JPG|Tropical rainforest climate in Samana.
Fayil:Constanza,_valle_nuevo,_clima_invierno..jpg|Frosted alpine forest in Constanza.
Fayil:Jaragua_National_Park_(Road2).JPG|Semi-arid climate in Pedernales.
Fayil:Dunas_de_Baní_1.jpg|Desert sand dunes of Bani.


## Tsibirin

Akwai ƙananan tsibirai da yawa waɗanda ke cikin yankin Dominican. Tsibirin da suka fi girma sune:

# Saona, kusa da kudu maso gabashin gabar tekun Hispaniola, a cikin Tekun Caribbean. Tana da fili mai girman kilomita 117.[1] Sunan Taíno shine Iai [2] ko Adamanay. Columbus ya kira wannan tsibirin a matsayin Savona, bayan birnin Italiya mai suna iri ɗaya, amma amfani da shekaru ya kawar da harafin v.
# Saona, kusa da kudu maso gabashin gabar tekun Hispaniola, a cikin Tekun Caribbean. Tana da fili mai girman kilomita 117.[1] Sunan Taíno shine Iai [2] ko Adamanay. Columbus ya kira wannan tsibirin a matsayin Savona, bayan birnin Italiya mai suna iri ɗaya, amma amfani da shekaru ya kawar da harafin v.
# Catalina, kusa da gabar tekun kudu maso gabas. Yana da yanki na 9.6 km2.[1] Sunan Taíno Iabanea[2] amma wasu marubuta, ciki har da mawaƙa, sun ce ana kiranta Toeya ko Toella.

## Koguna da tafki

Koguna 8 mafi tsawo na Jamhuriyar Dominica sune: 

# Yaque del Norte. A kilomita 2, ita ce kogi mafi tsawo a Jamhuriyar Dominica. Tushenta yana cikin Cordillera ta Tsakiya kuma yana gudana zuwa Tekun Atlantika. Rashin ruwa yana da yanki na 7,044 km2.&nbsp;&nbsp;
# *2" href="./Yuna_River" id="mwAQ4" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Yuna River">Yuna* Yana da tsawon kilomita 185. Tushenta yana cikin Cordillera ta Tsakiya kuma yana gudana zuwa gabas zuwa Samaná Bay . Rashin ruwa yana da yanki na 5,498 km2.&nbsp;&nbsp;
# *2" href="./Yaque_del_Sur_River" id="mwARU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Yaque del Sur River">Yaque del Sur* Yana da tsawon kilomita 183 kuma tushe yana cikin Cordillera ta Tsakiya. Yana gudana zuwa kudu zuwa cikin Tekun Caribbean. Rashin ruwa yana da yanki na 4,972 km2.&nbsp;&nbsp;
# *2" href="./Ozama_River" id="mwARw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ozama River">Ozama*. Yana da tsawon kilomita 148. Tushenta yana cikin Sierra de Yamasá (reshe na Cordillera ta Tsakiya). Yana gudana cikin Tekun Caribbean. Rashin ruwa yana da yanki na 2,685 km2.&nbsp;&nbsp;
# *2" href="./Camú_River" id="mwASI" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Camú River">Camú*. Yana da tsawon kilomita 137. Tushenta yana cikin Cordillera ta Tsakiya kuma yana gudana cikin Kogin Yuna . Rashin ruwa yana da kilomita 2,655.&nbsp;&nbsp;
# *Nizao*. Yana da tsawon kilomita 133. Tushenta yana cikin Cordillera ta Tsakiya kuma yana gudana zuwa kudu zuwa 2" href="./Caribbean_Sea" id="mwASk" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Caribbean Sea">Tekun Caribbean. Rashin ruwa yana da yanki na 974 km2.&nbsp;&nbsp;
# *San Juan* Yana da tsawon kilomita 12. Tushenta yana cikin Cordillera ta Tsakiya kuma yana gudana zuwa kudu zuwa Kogin Yaque del Sur . Rashin ruwa yana da yanki na 2,005 km2.&nbsp;&nbsp;
# *Mao*. Yana da tsawon kilomita 105. Tushenta yana cikin Cordillera ta Tsakiya kuma yana gudana zuwa arewa zuwa Kogin Yaque del Norte . Rashin ruwa yana da yanki na 864 km2.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Kogin Artibonite shine kogin da ya fi tsayi a tsibirin, amma kawai kilomita 68 ne ke gudana ta Jamhuriyar Dominica.&nbsp;

Tafkin mafi girma na Hispaniola, da na 2" href="./Caribbean" id="mwATo" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Caribbean">Caribbean, shine Tafkin Enriquillo . Tana cikin *Hoya de Enriquillo* tare da yanki na 265 km2. Akwai kananan tsibirai uku a cikin tafkin. Yana da kusan mita 40 a ƙasa da matakin teku, kuma tafkin hypersaline ne, tare da mafi yawan gishiri fiye da ruwan teku.&nbsp;

Sauran tabkuna sune *Rincón* (ruwa mai laushi, yanki na 2.2 km2), *Oviedo* (ruwa masu laushi, yankin na 28 km2), Redonda, da *Limon*.&nbsp;&nbsp;

## Kididdiga

; Location
:
: Caribbean, it occupies five-eighths of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Haiti
; Geographic coordinates
:
: 
; Area
:* Total: 48,670 km²
:* Land: 48,320 km²
:* Water: 350 km²
; Land boundaries
:* Total: 376 km
:* Border countries: Haiti 
; Coastline
:
: 1,288 km
; Maritime claims
:* Territorial sea: 
:* Contiguous zone: 
:* Exclusive economic zone:  with 
:* Continental shelf:  or to the edge of the continental margin
; Climate
:
: Tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall
; Rivers
:
: Significant rivers include the Jimani River, Río Yaque del Norte, Río Jamao del Norte, Río Isabela and the Ozama River

; Yankin
:
: Yankunan tsaunuka da duwatsu masu kyau tare da kwari masu kyau
; Matsalolin ƙasa
:* Yankin arewacin - Cabo Isabela
:* Yankin kudu - Tsibirin Alto Velo, Gidan shakatawa na Jaragua
:* Yankin kudu (ƙasar) - kudancin Oviedo, Pedernales a cikin Jaragua National ParkGidan shakatawa na Jaragua
:* Yammacin Yamma - Las Lajas, iyaka da Haiti, Lardin Independencia
:* Yankin gabas - Punta de Agua, Lardin La AltagraciaLardin Altagracia
; Babban tsawo
:* Matsayi mafi ƙasƙanci - Lago Enriquillo: -46 m
:* Matsayi mafi tsawo - Pico Duarte: 3,098 m
; Albarkatun halitta
:
: Nickel, Bauxite, zinariya, azurfa
; Amfani da ƙasa
:* Yankin noma: 16.56%
:* Amfanin gona na dindindin: 10.35%
:* Sauran: 73.10% (2012 ya kasance) 
; Ƙasar da ake ban ruwa
:
: 3,241 km2 (2018) 
; Jimlar albarkatun ruwa masu sabuntawa
:
: 21 km3 (2011) 
; Rashin ruwa mai laushi (na gida / masana'antu / aikin gona) 
:* jimlar: 5.47 km3/shekara (26%/1%/72%) 
:* ga kowane mutum: 574.2 m3/shekara (2005) 
; Haɗarin Halitta
:
: Yana zaune a tsakiyar belin guguwa kuma yana fuskantar guguwa mai tsanani daga Yuni zuwa Oktoba; ambaliyar ruwa na lokaci-lokaci; fari na lokaci-tsalle
; Muhalli - batutuwan yanzu
:
: Rashin ruwa; rushewar ƙasa a cikin teku yana lalata coral reefs; sare daji; lalacewar da Guguwar Georges ta haifar
; Muhalli - yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa
:* Jam'iyyar zuwa: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
:* An sanya hannu, amma ba a tabbatar da shi ba: Dokar Tekun
; Yanayin ƙasa - bayanin kula
:
: Ya raba tsibirin Hispaniola tare da Haiti (gabascin biyar da takwas shine Jamhuriyar Dominica, yammacin uku da takwas shine Haiti)  

## Manazarta