Tshilidzi Marwala

**Tshilidzi Marwala**  Tshilidzi Marwala*' (an haife shi 28 ga Yuli 1971) ɗan Afirka ta Kudu [[Kirkirar Basira (Artificial Intelligence)| leken asirin wucin gadi]] injiniya ne, masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta, injiniyan injiniya kuma ma'aikacin jami'a. A halin yanzu shi ne Shugaban Jami’ar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kuma [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|UN]] Mataimakin Sakatare-Janar. A watan Agusta 2023 an nada Marwala a majalisar ba da shawara ta kimiyya [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|United Nations].

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
Marwala ya kasance Shugaban Jami'ar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kuma Mataimakin Sakatare-Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya tun 1 ga Maris 2023.  Marwala ya taba zama mataimakin shugaban jami'ar Johannesburg kuma shugaban jami'ar Johannesburg . A baya ya kasance mataimakin shugaban jami'ar bincike da kuma zama na kasa da kasa da kuma shugaban aikin injiniya a Jami'ar Johannesburg da kuma farfesa a fannin injiniyan lantarki a Jami'ar Witwatersrand . Ya kasance abokin karatun digiri a Kwalejin Kimiyya, Fasaha da Magunguna ta Imperial . Ya yi aiki a matsayin amintaccen gidauniyar Nelson Mandela kuma a kan hukumar Nedbank .￼

Marwala ya kasance abokin ziyara a Jami'ar Harvard,  Kwalejin Wolfson, Cambridge,  da Jami'ar California, Berkeley .  Shi malami ne mai girmamawa a jami'ar Nanjing Tech da kuma jami'ar Kudu ta Tsakiya a Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin.

Jaridar masana'antar tsaro ta kasa ta fassara daya daga cikin litattafan da ya hada kan tsara rikice-rikice tsakanin jahohin kasar zuwa Sinanci.   Ayyukansa da ra'ayinsa sun bayyana a kafofin watsa labaru kamar *New Scientist*,  ,  *The Economist'',  CNN,   da BBC .  Ya kuma ba da tattaunawa a gidan Rhodes,  Royal Society,  Cambridge Union,  Harvard's Berkman Klein Center for Internet &amp;amp; Society  da Oxford Union .   A cikin 2016 Tshilidzi Marwala ya gabatar da lacca na Tunawa da Farashin Bernard a Afirka ta Kudu. Tare da Stephen Hawking da Guy Laliberté shi ne alkali na gasar YouTube Space Lab . 

### Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Johannesburg

#### Juyin Juyin Masana'antu Na Hudu

A matsayinsa na mataimakin shugaban gwamnati, Marwala ya ɓullo da aiwatar da dabarun juyin juya halin masana'antu na huɗu (4IR).  Don matsar da juyin juya halin masana'antu na huɗu, Marwala ya gabatar da wani kwas na wajaba na hankali na wucin gadi da kuma kwas na Insights na Afirka ga dukkan ɗalibai, ba tare da la'akari da manyan malamansu ba.  Bugu da kari, ya gabatar da Afirka ta hanyar Bus Project, inda dubban dalibai ke tafiya ta bas zuwa kasashen Afirka daban-daban don fahimtar nahiyar Afirka. 

#### Matsayi
A karkashin jagorancinsa, Jami'ar Johannesburg ta kasance matsayi na farko a Afirka a cikin 2021 Times Higher Education (THE) Matsayin Tasirin Jami'ar akan Manufofin Ci Gaba mai Dorewa (SDGs) kuma na farko a duniya don Ingantaccen Aiki da Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki (SDG 8). A cikin Matsayin Babban Tasirin Ilimin Zamani na 2023, an sanya shi a matsayi na farko a Afirka kuma a duniya don SDG 1 (babu talauci).  Daga 2018 zuwa 2022, Jami'ar Johannesburg ta haɓaka aikin bincike daga matsayi na shida zuwa matsayi na farko a Afirka ta Kudu.   Bugu da ƙari, bisa ga martabar Quacquarelli Symonds (QS), UJ ya ƙaru daga kasancewa lamba 5 a Afirka a cikin 2021 (an sanar a cikin 2020) zuwa lamba 2 a Afirka a 2023 (an sanar a 2022). 

#### tara kudade
A karkashin jagorancinsa, Jami'ar Johannesburg ta kara yawan tallafinta daga dalar Amurka miliyan 61 zuwa dalar Amurka miliyan 200 daga 2018 zuwa 2022.  A lokacin aikinsa, Jami'ar Johannesburg ta saya da ba da tallafin ƙarin cibiyoyi biyu, Devland Campus (US $ 10million) da Media 24 Park (US $ 20 miliyan), kuma ya kammala Rukunin Gidajen Soweto (US $ 30million). Bugu da ƙari, Jami'ar Johannesburg ta ƙara yawan amfani da wutar lantarki daga hasken rana daga 0% zuwa 15% daga 2018 zuwa 2022. 

#### Cibiyoyi
Marwala ya kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Nazari ta Johannesburg, UJ Press,  Makarantar Kasuwancin Johannesburg,  Cibiyar Nazarin Gaba, tare da Jami'ar West Indies Cibiyar Harkokin Harkokin Afirka ta Duniya da Cibiyar Tsarin Hankali. 

### Majalisar Dinkin Duniya
A matsayinsa na Shugaban Jami'ar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Marwala ya samu dala miliyan 65 don kafa Cibiyar Leken Asiri da Manyan Bayanai a Bologna, Italiya. Wannan Cibiyar za ta kasance kusa da kayan aikin sarrafa kwamfuta, gami da Leonardo supercomputer.   Marwala ya kuma yi aiki da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta hanyar hukumomi irin su UNESCO, UNIDO, WHO, ITU, ILO, UNICEF, da WIPO .     Ya kasance memba a kwamitin Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) wanda ya kirkiro ka'idojin da'a na amfani da basirar wucin gadi a cikin magani.  Bugu da ƙari kuma, ya kasance memba na kwamitin da ya ɓullo da yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kan buɗaɗɗen bayanai na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Kimiyya (ICSU) a Paris.   Cibiyar Nazarin Gaba, tare da Jami'ar West Indies Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Afirka ta Duniya da Cibiyar Tsarin Hankali. 

### Gwamnatoci
Marwala ya yi aiki a duniya da kuma na ƙasa akan ƙungiyoyi masu tsara manufofi. Kwanan nan, ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban Kwamitin Shugabancin Afirka ta Kudu kan juyin juya halin masana'antu na hudu (tare da shugaban Afirka ta Kudu Cyril Ramaphosa a matsayin shugaba). Wannan kwamiti ya kirkiro dabarun juyin juya halin masana'antu na kasar karo na hudu.  A duk faɗin duniya, Marwala ita ce Shugaban Hukumar Ba da Shawarar Kimiyya ta Duniya don Cibiyar Ƙwarewar Afirka a Intanet na Abubuwa (ACE-IoT) da ke Ruwanda.  Gwamnatin Namibiya ta nada shi a cikin Tawagar Tawagar Juyin Juyin Masana'antu ta Hudu. 

### Sauran ayyukan
Marwala yana kan hukumar Nedbank (2019-2023),  kuma ma'aikaci ne na Gidauniyar Nelson Mandela (2020-2023). 

Marwala ya kasance abokin ziyara a Jami'ar Harvard,  Kwalejin Wolfson, Cambridge,  da Jami'ar California, Berkeley .  Shi malami ne mai girmamawa a jami'ar Nanjing Tech da kuma jami'ar Kudu ta Tsakiya a Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin.

## Gudunmawar ilimi da bincike
Bukatun binciken Marwala sun haɗa da ka'idar da aikace-aikacen basirar wucin gadi zuwa injiniya, kimiyyar kwamfuta, kuɗi, tattalin arziki, kimiyyar zamantakewa da likitanci. Marwala da ɗan Isra'ila mai bincike Daniel Muller sun yi nazari akan fa'idar St. Peterburg ta amfani da ra'ayi na amfanin gidan yanar gizon dangi.  Marwala da Bo Xing sun kuma yi nazarin alakar da ke tsakanin blockchain da hankali na wucin gadi.  Tare da Evan Hurwitz, Marwala ya gina jami'an software waɗanda za su iya ɓata lokacin yin wasan karta.  

### Ilimin wucin gadi da injiniyan sararin samaniya
Marwala ya yi amfani da bayanan sirri na wucin gadi a fannin injiniyan jiragen sama kuma misalin wannan shi ne aikinsa na yin amfani da AI don gano kurakurai a cikin tsarin sararin samaniya, wanda ya buga takardu a cikin mujallu na Cibiyar Nazarin Aeronautics da Astronautics na Amurka kamar AIAA Journal da Journal of Aircraft.   

### Hankali na wucin gadi da tattalin arziki
Marwala ya yi aiki a kan aikace-aikacen basirar wucin gadi ga kiwon lafiya. Alal misali, ya yi amfani da AI don bincikar ciwon huhu na huhu  da aikin farfadiya  da kuma fahimtar HIV  da Covid-19 .  Shi ne wanda ya kirkiri sabbin hanyoyin daukar hoto na radiation  kuma tare da Megan Jill Russell da David Rubin na makogwaro na wucin gadi. 

### Hankali na wucin gadi da tattalin arziki
Marwala da Evan Hurwitz sun ba da shawarar cewa akwai ƙarancin asymmetry tsakanin ma'aikatan fasaha na wucin gadi fiye da tsakanin jami'an ɗan adam guda biyu da kuma cewa ƙarin bayanan wucin gadi a kasuwa, rage yawan kasuwancin kasuwa.   Tshilidzi Marwala da Evan Hurwitz a cikin littafinsu  sun yi amfani da ka'idar jujjuyawar Lewis don nazarin canjin tattalin arziki zuwa samarwa ta atomatik kuma sun gano ma'auni ma'auni (Juyarwar Lewis) inda ba ya da ma'anar tattalin arziki don motsa aikin ɗan adam zuwa na'urori masu sarrafa kansa. . Tshilidzi Marwala da Evan Hurwitz, a cikin littafinsu,  sun lura cewa zuwan hanyoyin sayayya ta yanar gizo masu hankali kamar Amazon da fasahohi irin su masana'anta masu sassauƙa suna ba da damar samar da kayayyaki na ɗaiɗaiku da buƙatu don samarwa. Sun lura cewa waɗannan suna rage matakin sasantawa a kasuwa, suna ba da izinin farashin keɓaɓɓen samfuran samfuri ɗaya da kawo daidaito da inganci a cikin kasuwa. Bugu da ƙari, tare da Evan Hurwitz a cikin littafinsu,  sun lura cewa yanke shawara da na'urori masu tsinkaya da ake aiwatar da su ta hanyar amfani da basirar wucin gadi da sauran dabarun koyon na'ura suna rage ƙiyayya da bambance-bambancen kurakurai akan yanke shawara don haka yanke shawara a kusa. hanyar zuwa ƙarshen ka'idar tsammanin tsammanin fiye da masu yanke shawara na ɗan adam. A martanin da ya mayar wa Bill Gates, Marwala ya kuma jawo hankali kan wahalar biyan harajin na'urorin mutum-mutumi ganin cewa yawancin na'urorin da muke amfani da su suna da siffofi na mutum-mutumi.  Ya ɓullo da ra'ayi na pseudo-modal kuzari, yana ba da shawarar ka'idar tunani mai ma'ana, farashi mai ma'ana da kuma ka'idar sassaucin ra'ayi mai hankali .  Marwala ya kuma lura cewa amfani da ka'idar mai yiwuwa ya dogara da nawa ake amfani da basirar wucin gadi don yanke shawara. Ya kuma lura cewa yayin da ake amfani da hankali na wucin gadi don yanke shawara, mafi kyawun kasuwannin. Misali, idan injunan fasaha na wucin gadi sun yanke duk shawarar, kasuwannin za su kasance masu cikakken hankali. 

### Ilimin Artificial da Kimiyyar Siyasa
Tshilidzi Marwala ya ba da gudummawa ga aikace-aikacen fasaha na wucin gadi a cikin kimiyyar siyasa, dangantakar kasa da kasa, da rikice-rikice tsakanin jihohi. Tare da Monica Lagazio, ya yi nazarin tasirin basirar wucin gadi akan dangantakar kasa da kasa, ciki har da yiwuwar rikici tsakanin jihohi. Dangane da haka, waɗannan masu binciken sun tattauna yadda AI za a iya amfani da ita don yin hasashen da sarrafa rikice-rikice, da kuma yadda zai iya canza yanayin diflomasiyya da tattaunawar kasa da kasa. Wannan aikin ya ƙunshi nazarin bayanai da kuma hasashen yiwuwar rikice-rikice ta amfani da algorithms na koyon na'ura.  Marwala da Bhaso Ndzendze sun binciki yadda za a iya amfani da AI a hanyoyin yanke shawara kan dangantakar kasa da kasa. Ya tattauna yuwuwar hazaka na wucin gadi don haɓaka yanke shawara ta hanyar samar da ingantattun hasashe da nazari.  

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa
Marwala memba ne na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Duniya,  Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya da Kimiyya ta Amurka,  Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Sin,  Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Afirka,  da Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Afirka ta Kudu .  A makarantar sakandare ya lashe gasar Olympics ta matasa ta kasa kuma ya wakilci Afirka ta Kudu a dandalin Kimiyyar Matasa na Duniya na London .  Shi ne mai karɓar odar Mapungubwe . A cikin 2022, an ba Marwala lambar yabo ta IT Personality of the Year Award a Afirka ta Kudu saboda aikinsa na juyin juya halin masana'antu na huɗu,  da kuma a cikin 2020 lambar zinare ta Kimiyya-ga-Cikin Al'umma daga Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Afirka ta Kudu.  Marwala ya sami digiri na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Caucasus a Tbilisi a Jojiya  da Jami'ar Venda .

## Duba kuma

* Simon Connell – Particle physicist in South Africa
* Youba Sokona – Malian climatologist (born 1950)
* Mohamed Thameur Chaibi – Tunisian professor of Rural Engineering

## Nassoshi

## Ernal links

* Tarihin Rayuwa