Taron sauyin yanayi na Copenhagen

An gudanar da taron **sauyin yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2009**, wanda aka fi sani da taron Copenhagen, a cibiyar Bella a Copenhagen, Denmark, tsakanin 7 zuwa 18 ga Disamba. Taron ya hada da taro karo na 15 na taron jam'iyyu (COP 15) ga yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan sauyin yanayi (UNFCCC) da kuma zama na 5 na taron jam'iyyun dake zaman taron jam'iyyun (CMP 5) ga yarjejeniyar Kyoto. Dangane da taswirar hanyar Bali, an amince da tsarin rage sauyin yanayi fiye da 2012 a can.

A ranar Juma'a 18 ga Disamba, ranar ƙarshe na taron, kafofin watsa labaru na duniya sun ba da rahoton cewa tattaunawar yanayi "ta kasance cikin rudani". Kafofin yada labarai sun kuma bayar da rahoton cewa, maimakon rugujewar babban taron, an yi hasashen za a yi “raunanniyar magana ta siyasa” a karshen taron. Amurka, China, Indiya, Brazil da Afirka ta Kudu ne suka tsara yarjejeniyar Copenhagen a ranar 18 ga Disamba, kuma ta yanke hukuncin "yarjejeniya mai ma'ana" da gwamnatin Amurka ta yi. “An yi la’akari da shi”, amma ba a “ karɓe shi ba”, a cikin muhawarar da aka yi wa dukan ƙasashen da suka halarci taron a gobe, kuma ba a amince da shi gaba ɗaya ba. Takardar ta fahimci cewa sauyin yanayi na ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen da ake fuskanta a yau kuma ya kamata a ɗauki matakai don kiyaye duk wani zafin da ya ƙaru zuwa ƙasa da 2 ° C. Takardar ba ta dauri bisa doka kuma ba ta ƙunshi wasu alkawuran da suka ɗaure bisa doka don rage hayaƙin CO2 ba.

## Bayanan baya da jagora
An gabatar da taron da Canjin Yanayi: Hatsarin Duniya, Kalubale da Tattaunawar Kimiyya, wanda ya gudana a cikin Maris 2009 kuma an gudanar da shi a Cibiyar Bella. Tattaunawar ta fara daukar sabon salo a cikin watan Mayun 2009 Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Ban Ki-moon ya halarci taron koli na kasuwanci na duniya kan sauyin yanayi a Copenhagen, wanda hukumar kula da yanayi ta Copenhagen (COC) ta shirya, inda ya bukaci 'yan majalisar COC su halarci makon yanayi na New York a taron koli kan sauyin yanayi a ranar 22 ga Satumba da kuma tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi sauyin yanayi.

## Matsayin tattaunawa na Tarayyar Turai
A ranar 28 ga Janairu 2009, Hukumar Tarayyar Turai ta fitar da takardar matsayi, "Zuwa ga cikakkiyar yarjejeniyar sauyin yanayi a Copenhagen." Takardar matsayi "yana magance manyan kalubale guda uku: manufa da ayyuka; bayar da kudade [na" ci gaban ƙananan carbon da daidaitawa"]; da gina ingantaccen kasuwar carbon duniya.

Babban misali, Tarayyar Turai ta himmatu wajen aiwatar da dokokin da suka dace, ko da ba tare da gamsasshen yarjejeniya a Copenhagen ba. A watan Disambar da ya gabata, Tarayyar Turai ta sake sabunta tsarin ba da izinin carbon da ake kira Tsarin Kasuwancin Emissions (ETS) wanda aka tsara don lokacin bayan Kyoto (bayan 2013). Wannan sabon matakin na tsarin yana da nufin kara rage yawan iskar gas da ake fitarwa a Turai ta hanyar da ta dace da kuma nuna alkawurran da EU ta riga ta yi kafin taron Copenhagen. Don kauce wa ɓarkewar carbon — ƙaura na kamfanoni a wasu yankuna waɗanda ba sa bin doka iri ɗaya - Hukumar EU za ta hango cewa sassan da aka fallasa ga gasar ƙasa da ƙasa, yakamata a ba su wasu kaso na kyauta na iskar CO2 muddin sun kasance aƙalla a matakin daidaitattun ma'auni. Ya kamata sauran sassan su sayi irin wannan kiredit a kasuwannin duniya. Masana'antu masu ƙarfin makamashi a Turai sun ba da shawarar wannan tsarin ma'auni don adana kuɗi a cikin ikon saka hannun jari don ƙarancin samfuran carbon maimakon ga hasashe. Don cika irin waɗannan alkawuran don ƙarancin tattalin arzikin carbon, wannan yana buƙatar gasa da sabbin abubuwa.

Ministan Muhalli na Faransa Jean-Louis Borloo ya matsa kaimi wajen samar da "Hukumar Muhalli ta Duniya" a matsayin babbar gudummawar hukumomin Faransa, don ba da wata hanya mai karfi ga UNEP.

Tarurukan tattaunawa kafin Copenhagen na hukuma

An fitar da wani daftarin rubutu na tattaunawa don kammalawa a Copenhagen a bainar jama'a. An tattauna shi a jerin tarurrukan da aka yi kafin Copenhagen.

### Bonn - taron tattaunawa na biyu
Wakilai daga kasashe 183 sun yi taro a Bonn daga ranar 1 zuwa 12 ga watan Yunin 2009. Manufar ita ce tattauna muhimman rubutun shawarwari. Wadannan sun zama tushen yarjejeniyar sauyin yanayi ta duniya a Copenhagen. A ƙarshe, Ƙungiyoyin Ayyuka na Ad Hoc a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar Kyoto (AWG-KP) ƙungiyar shawarwari har yanzu tana da nisa daga kewayon rage yawan hayaƙi wanda kimiyya ta tsara don gujewa mummunan barna na sauyin yanayi: rage 25% zuwa rage 40% rage ƙasa matakan 1990 ta 2020, AWG-KP har yanzu yana buƙatar yanke shawara kan rage yawan iskar da masana'antu ke da ƙasa. manufa ga kowace kasa. An samu ci gaba wajen samun fayyace batutuwan da suka shafi jam'iyyu da kuma hada da wadannan abubuwan cikin daftarin da aka sabunta na rubutun tattaunawa.

## Manazarta