Carol Cohn

**Carol Cohn** ita ce darektan kafa kungiyar Consortium on Gender, Security and Human Rights  kuma Malama na Nazarin Mata a Jami'ar Massachusetts Boston .  An san Cohn don magance batutuwan da suka shafi jinsi a siyasar duniya, musamman rikici da batutuwan tsaro.   Ta buga a fagen ilimi da siyasa tare da manyan bukatu na bincike da ke kwance a fagen jinsi da rikice-rikicen makami, jawaban jinsi na manyan jami'an tsaron Amurka da daidaita jinsi a cibiyoyin tsaro na duniya.   Baya ga bincikenta, Cohn yana sauƙaƙe horo da bita don ƙudurin Majalisar Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai lamba 1325 kuma yana aiki a cikin Ƙungiyar Ayyuka ta NGO akan Mata, Zaman Lafiya da Tsaro tun 2001.  An ɗauka gaba ɗaya, aikin Cohn ya haɗa da matsayin da aka kwatanta a matsayin anti-soja na mata . A cikin 2013, Cohn ya shirya wani tarin kasidu da aka karɓe kan batun mata da yaƙi  inda aka ce ba za a iya fahimtar batun yaƙi ba tare da fahimtar yanayin jinsi ba.

## Rubuce-rubuce masu mahimmanci

### ''Jima'i da Mutuwa a Duniyar Ma'anar Tsaro ta Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru''
A cikin labarinta na 1987, "Jima'i da Mutuwa a cikin Rational World of Defence Intellectuals,"  Cohn ya tattauna harshe da hotunan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin maganganun ƙwararrun tsaro tare da mayar da hankali kan batutuwan jima'i da aka yi amfani da su da kuma yawan amfani da harshe mai banƙyama da kuma euphemisms.  Sharuɗɗa kamar "lalacewar haɗin kai" da ke maye gurbin "rasa rai" da "RV's" a maimakon "bam-bama-bamai" an yi jayayya don nuna harshen da ba a sani ba da masu ilimin tsaro ke amfani da shi. Cohn yayi gardamar cewa harshen jima'i da suka haɗa da kalmomi kamar su a tsaye "masu ƙaddamar da wutar lantarki", "tuƙa zuwa ma'auni mai nauyi", "ƙasa mai laushi", "zurfin shigar ciki", da "whimps na inzali" wuri ne na gama gari a cikin makaman nukiliya da tattaunawar dabarun. Cohn ya danganta harshe na gida da na ɗan adam da hoto a matsayin hanya don ƙwararrun tsaro don nisantar da kansu daga gaskiya da damuwa na yaƙi. Bugu da ƙari, harshen 'fasaha' da ake amfani da shi hanya ce ta taƙaita muhawara kawai ga masu ilimi da ƙwararru waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin harshen. Ana jayayya cewa hakan yana yin watsi da yin shuru da muryoyin da ke wajen soja da makaman nukiliya. Cohn ya ba da shawarar cewa maƙasudin harshe ya ta'allaka ne da makaman da kansu, don haka, saboda an tsara harshen don yin magana game da makamai babu yadda za a iya bayyana abubuwan da suka shafi rayuwar ɗan adam ko al'umma a bisa doka. Idan ba ya cikin harshe waɗannan dabi'u ko damuwa ana watsi da su yadda ya kamata ko kuma a ɗauke su da shege. Wannan yanki yana nuna yadda mahimmancin harshe yake da kuma yadda za'a iya zama jinsi. Yana kawo tambayoyi game da harshe dangane da wanda yake ba da damar sadarwa da abin da yake ba mutum damar yin tunani da faɗi.

### ''Yaƙe-yaƙe, Wimps, da Mata: Maganar Jinsi da Yaƙin Tunani''
A cikin "Wars, Wimps, and Women: Talking Gender and Thinking War", Cohn ta mayar da hankali ga maƙalarta game da harshen masu ilimin tsaro a kan ra'ayi da ta bayyana a matsayin "maganganun jinsi": saitin kalmomi, hotuna, da ƙungiyoyi waɗanda suka zama tushen yadda muke gane kanmu a matsayin maza da mata. Wani bangare na maganganun jinsi wanda Cohn ke ba da kulawa ta musamman shine dichotomies a cikin harshe waɗanda ke da bayyananniyar alaƙa ga dichotomy na namiji da mace. A cikin dichotomies kamar "hankali ga fahimta" da "abstraction to musamman" ba kawai rabin farko na dichotomy yana da alaƙa da namiji ba amma kuma ana ɗauka a matsayin mafi kyawun ingancin biyu ta fuskar iko da matsayi. [1] A cewar Cohn, wani mummunan sakamako na wannan magana ta jinsi ita ce hanyar da kawai za a iya fahimtar kowa a matsayin halal a duniyar masu ilimin tsaro shine "magana kamar mutum" da kuma nuna halaye masu kima a bangaren namiji na halayen halayen halayen, al'adar da ke haifar da tattaunawa [2] da kuma iyakance tasirin tsaro mai mahimmanci na kasa da kasa. [3] Kamar yadda Cohn ya bibiyi wannan rashi ta fuskoki daban-daban a baya ga zancen jinsi wanda ke hana duk wani hangen nesa da aka dauka a matsayin mata, mafita, in ji Cohn, ba wai kawai a kawo mata da yawa cikin dakin yaki bane amma don karfafawa maza da mata su sake nazarin ra'ayoyi da dabi'un da aka yi shiru. [4]

## Labarai

* "Slick'ems, Glick'ems, Bishiyoyin Kirsimeti, da Cutters Kuki: Harshen Nukiliya da Yadda Muka Koyi don Kashe Bam," Bulletin na Masana Kimiyyar Atomic, Yuni 1987.
* "Jima'i da Mutuwa a cikin Rational World of Defense Intellectuals," *Alamu: Jaridar Mata a Al'adu da Al'umma*, vol. 12, ba. 4 (Summer 1987).
* "Yaƙe-yaƙe, Wimps, da Mata: Maganar Magana da Yakin Tunani" a cikin Maganar Yakin Jinsi, wanda Miriam Cooke da Angela Woollacott suka shirya (Princeton, NJ: Jami'ar Princeton Press, 1993).
* "Gays a cikin Soja: Rubutu da Rubutu," a cikin Tambayar "Man" a cikin Harkokin Ƙasashen Duniya, Marysia Zalewski da Jane Parpart suka shirya (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1998).
* "'Yaya za ta iya Da'awar Daidaita Hakkoki Lokacin da Ba Dole Ta Yi Yawan Turawa Kamar yadda Na Yi ba?': Tsarin Matsalolin Maza zuwa Daidaicin Mata a Soja," Maza da Mazaje, Vol. 3, no.2 (Oktoba 2000).
* "Tattaunawa da Cynthia Enloe: 'Yan mata suna kallon namiji da mazan da suke yaki," Alamun vol. 28, no.4, p.&nbsp;1187-1207 (2003).
* "Kwanyar Zaman Lafiyar Mata," Sharhin Mata na Littattafai, juzu'i. XXI, no.5 (Fabrairu 2004), shafi.&nbsp;8–9.
* "Ra'ayin Da'a na Mata akan Makamai na Rushewar Jama'a," (tare da Sara Ruddick) A cikin Da'a da Makamai na Rushe Jama'a: Ra'ayin Addini da na Duniya, eds. Sohail H. Hashmi da Steven P. Lee (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004).
* Takarda don Shugaban Hukumar Rushe Makamai ta Dokta Hans Blix, "Dacewar Jinsi don Kawar da Makamai na Rushewar Jama'a" (tare da Felicity Hill da Sara Ruddick), wanda kuma aka buga a diflomasiya na kwance damarar, fitowar no. 80, Auren 2005.
* "Motives da Hanyoyi: Amfani da Ƙwararren Ƙwararru na Ƙasashen Duniya, eds. Brooke Ackerly da Jacqui Gaskiya, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006).
* "Gabatar da Jinsi a Manufofin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya: Hanyar Canjin Siyasa?" a cikin Mulkin Duniya: Ra'ayin Mata, eds. Shirin M. Rai na Georgina Waylen (London: Palgrave, 2008). ISBN&nbsp;
* *Mata da Yaƙe-yaƙe* (Cambridge: Press Press, 2013). ISBN&nbsp;
* "'Tunanin uwaye' da ra'ayi na 'rauni' a cikin Tsarin Tsaro, Manufofin, da Ayyuka," Journal of International Political Theory, vol. 10, ba. 1 (Fabrairu 2014).

## Manazarta