open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Hukumar Kula da Gidan shakatawa ta Lee Valley

**Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa ta Yankin Lee Valley** ( **LVRPA** ) hukuma ce ta doka da ke da alhakin gudanarwa da haɓaka tsawon ,  Wurin Shakatawa na Yankin Lee Valley . Majalisar Dokokin Burtaniya ce ta kafa wurin shakatawar a shekarar 1967. Hedkwatar hukumar tana cikin Myddelton House, Bulls Cross a cikin Gundumar London ta Enfield, wacce aka san ta sosai a duniyar lambu saboda lambunan da EA Bowles (1865–1954) ta gina  kuma har yanzu ana kula da su sosai kuma a buɗe suke ga jama'a. 

## Tarihi
 
Sir Patrick Abercrombie ne ya fara ba da shawarar wannan ra'ayin na gina wurin shakatawa na yanki a cikin Tsarin Landan na 1944. Duk da haka, shirin ya ci gaba da kasancewa ba tare da wani shiri ba har zuwa 1961, lokacin da Lou Sherman, Magajin Garin Hackney ya ɗauki nauyin sake gina Lea Valley . Ya shawo kan wasu hukumomi 17 na gida su goyi bayansa. A shekarar 1963, an gayyaci Civic Trust don yin kimanta albarkatun kwarin, rahotonsu ya kasance mai kyau. An gabatar da kudiri ga Majalisar Dokoki don kafa Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa ta Yankin Lee Valley. Bayan amincewar sarauta ga Dokar Wuraren Shakatawa ta Yankin Lee Valley ta 1966 (c. xli) a watan Disamba na 1966, an kafa hukumar a hukumance a ranar 1 ga Janairu 1967. 

## Shugabanci
Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa ta Yankin Lee Valley tana da kwamitin da aka naɗa mai mambobi 28. 20 daga cikinsu sun fito ne daga hukumomin ruwa (waɗanda iyakokinsu ke ketarewa ta hanyar iyakokin wurin shakatawa) sannan kuma an naɗa wasu takwas ta hanyar ƙananan hukumomi don wakiltar sauran Gundumomin London 27.

Ana zaɓen 'yan majalisa na tsawon wa'adin shekaru huɗu na naɗi kuma suna ci gaba da aiki har zuwa wannan lokacin sai dai idan sun yi murabus ko kuma suka daina zama kansila.

Kwamitin zartarwa ne ke kula da wannan hukuma wanda ke taimaka wa tsarin yanke shawara na hukumar. Kwamitin zartarwa mai mutane shida yana wakiltar fannoni daban-daban na siyasa da yanki na hukumar, inda rabin membobin suka fito daga gundumomi 33 na Landan, rabi kuma daga Essex da Hertfordshire.

## Kuɗi
Hukumar kula da wuraren shakatawa tana samun tallafin wani ɓangare na kuɗin haraji (ba umarni ba) kan kuɗaɗen harajin Majalisar a Essex, Greater London da Hertfordshire.  

## Gasar Olympics ta London 2012 da Gasar Paralympics ta London 2012
Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa ta Yankin Lee Valley ta mallaki wurare uku na Olympics na London 2012 - Cibiyar Ruwa ta Lee Valley White a Waltham Cross, Hertfordshire da Lee Valley VeloPark da Cibiyar Hockey da Tennis ta Lee Valley, waɗanda dukkansu suna kan Filin Wasannin Olympics na Sarauniya Elizabeth .  Daga watan Afrilun 2015, Lee Valley Leisure Trust, wata ƙungiya ce da hukumar ta ƙirƙiro don gudanar da manyan wuraren wasanni da nishaɗinta, ke gudanar da waɗannan wuraren.

## Manazarta
Ashden

**Ashden** wata ƙungiyar agaji ce da ke Landan wadda ke aiki a fannin samar da makamashi mai ɗorewa da ci gaba . Aikinta ya haɗa da kyaututtukan Ashden na shekara-shekara, bayar da shawarwari da bincike a fannin samar da makamashi mai ɗorewa, da kuma bayar da jagoranci da tallafi ga waɗanda suka lashe kyaututtuka.

Sarah Butler-Sloss ta ƙirƙiri kyaututtukan a shekarar 2001, daga Ashden Trust, ɗaya daga cikin Sainsbury Family Charitable Trusts.  A shekarar 2011 ƙungiyar agaji ta canza sunan aikinta zuwa Ashden, tare da cikakken sunanta da aka yi wa rijista da Hukumar Agaji ta 'Ashden, Magani Mai Dorewa, Rayuwa Mai Kyau'. 

## Game da Kyautar Ashden
Kyautar Ashden tana haɓaka makamashi mai ɗorewa a cikin yankuna na Turai da ƙasashen da ke tasowa ta hanyar kyaututtukan Ashden na shekara-shekara. Ana ba da kyaututtuka ga ƙungiyoyi da 'yan kasuwa waɗanda ke ba da shirye-shiryen makamashi na gida, masu ɗorewa tare da fa'idodin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki da muhalli. Ana ba da kyaututtuka a fannoni daban-daban, ciki har da kyaututtukan Burtaniya da na ƙasashen duniya. An bayar da kyaututtuka don shirye-shiryen tafiye-tafiye masu ɗorewa tun daga 2012. Kowace kyauta ta haɗa da kyautar kuɗi.

## Bikin bayar da kyaututtuka
Ana gudanar da bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Ashden kowace shekara a Royal Geographical Society da ke Landan . Masu masaukin baki a baya sun haɗa da masu watsa shirye-shirye Emma Freud,  Anna Ford,  John Humphrys  da Jonathan Dimbleby  da kuma ɗan jaridar muhalli Mark Lynas .

Baƙi da suka yi jawabi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sun haɗa da Kandeh Yumkella, Yarima Charles, Sir David King, Wangari Maathai,  Al Gore, David Attenborough, Hilary Benn, (Sakataren Harkokin Ƙasashen Duniya na Burtaniya a wancan lokacin), Dr. RK Pachauri, Shugaban Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Sauyin Yanayi, David Cameron, (shugaban Jam'iyyar Conservative) da Lord May na Oxford, (tsohon Babban Mai Ba da Shawara kan Kimiyya ga Gwamnatin Burtaniya).

## Shirye-shiryen tallafi
Ashden tana ba da tallafin kuɗi ga ƙungiyoyi bayan sun lashe kyaututtukan su. Haka kuma tana gudanar da shirin 'LESS CO  ', wani shiri na ba da jagoranci ga makarantu don koyo daga juna game da tanadin makamashi.  A shekarar 2011 Ashden ta taimaka wajen kafa ƙungiyar Ashden India Renewable Energy Collective,  wadda ta ƙunshi waɗanda suka lashe kyaututtukan Ashden da ke aiki a Indiya. Ƙungiyar tana aiki don kawo ƙarshen talaucin makamashi a Indiya ta hanyar yin aiki a matsayin murya ɗaya tilo ga ɓangaren makamashi mai ɗorewa.

## Taro da tarurrukan Ashden
Ashden kuma tana gudanar da tarurrukan karawa juna sani da tarurruka na musamman da ke tattaro wadanda suka lashe kyaututtuka tare da masu aiki, masana ilimi, da kuma wadanda ke yin tasiri ko kuma suke tasiri kan manufofi. Misalan tarurrukan karawa juna sani na baya-bayan nan sun hada da wanda aka gudanar a Kwalejin Imperial  da kuma wanda aka gudanar a DFID . 

## Jerin masu nasara
An bayar da kyaututtukan Ashden ga ƙungiyoyi 205, waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, 'yan kasuwa, gwamnatocin ƙananan hukumomi da makarantu.

## Manazarta
Laura Watkinson

**Laura Watkinson** ƙwararriyar mai fassara adabi ce 'yar Birtaniya.   Ta yi karatun harsuna a Kwalejin St Anne da ke Oxford, kuma ta sami wasu takardun digiri na biyu tun daga lokacin. Ta koyar a Jami'ar Erlangen-Nuremberg da Jami'ar Milan .

Watkinson tana fassara daga harsunan Dutch, Italiyanci da Jamusanci zuwa Turanci, tun daga littattafan hotuna na yara da littattafan zane-zane zuwa kimiyya da tarihi. Tun daga 2003 ta zauna a Netherlands, har zuwa 2012 a Amsterdam .  Ta kafa reshen Dutch na Ƙungiyar Marubutan Littattafai da Zane-zane na Yara. 

Mawallafan Watkinson sun lashe kyautar Mildred L. Batchelder ta Ƙungiyar Laburare ta Amurka sau uku cikin shekaru huɗu daga 2012 zuwa 2015. Don haka Ƙungiyar Kula da Laburare ga Yara kowace shekara tana karɓar mafi kyawun littafin yara da aka buga a Amurka a fassarar Turanci. Duk ukun littattafan hoto ne da aka fassara daga Dutch. Wani fassarar ta daga Dutch ta zo ta biyu a kyautar 2014. A shekarar 2015 ta lashe kyautar Vondel Translation Prize ta Burtaniya wacce ake yi kowace shekara biyu saboda fassarar Tonke Dragt 's De short voor de koning .

## Ayyuka

* Cees Nooteboom - *Hanyoyi zuwa Berlin* (MacLehose Press)
* Jan van Mersbergen - *Tomorrow Pamplona* ( Peirene Press )
* Karlijn Stoffels - *Mawaƙin Zuciya* (Littattafan Arthur A. Levine)

**An ambaci kyaututtukan Batchelder** Duk littattafai huɗu an buga su ne a Amurka a shekarar da ta gabaci kyautar. Duk an buga su ne a cikin harshen Dutch. 

* Wanda ya lashe gasar 2012 – Eerdmans Books for Young Readers, wani hoton Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., *Soldier Bear*, wanda Bibi Dumon Tak ya rubuta, wanda Philip Hopman ya zana
* 2014 mai nasara - Enchanted Lion Books, *Mister Orange*, wanda Truus Matti ya rubuta
* 2014 girmamawa - Eerdmans Littattafai ga Matasan Masu Karatu, *Yaƙin Cikin Ganuwa*, wanda Aline Sax ta rubuta, wanda Caryl Strzelecki ta zana
* Wanda ya lashe gasar 2015 – Eerdmans Books for Young Readers, *Mikis and the Jaki*, wanda Bibi Dumon Tak ya rubuta, wanda Philip Hopman ya zana
* 2024 girmamawa – Littafin Eerdmans ga Matasan Masu Karatu, *Daga baya, Lokacin da Na Yi Babban*, wanda Bette Westera ta rubuta, wanda Mattias De Leeuw ya zana. 

## Manazarta
Kwamitin Crofting

**Hukumar Crofting** (Scottish Gaelic) ya maye gurbin Hukumar Crofters (Scottish Gaelic) a ranar 1 ga Afrilu 2012 a matsayin mai kula da harkokin crofting a Scotland. Cibiyarsa a Inverness, wata hukuma ce ta gwamnati mai zaman kanta wacce ba ta da ma'aikata a gwamnatin Scotland . Hukumar ta ƙunshi Kwamishinonin Crofting guda shida da aka zaɓa daga yankunan da ke cikin gundumomin Crofting, da kuma Kwamishinonin uku da gwamnatin Scotland ta naɗa. An naɗa Mai Gudanarwa daga cikin membobin Hukumar. Hukumar tana samun goyon bayan ma'aikata kusan 60 waɗanda Babban Jami'i ke jagoranta.

Manufar Hukumar ita ce ta zama mai tsara dokoki  wanda ke amfani da ikonta don tallafawa tsarin crofting . Manufarta ita ce daidaita tsarin crofting daidai gwargwado don kare shi ga tsararraki masu zuwa .

Hukumar tana ƙarfafa masu sana'ar crofts da su fahimci nauyin da ke kansu na shari'a domin sana'ar crofts wata hanya ce mai mahimmanci da ya kamata ta kasance a yanzu da kuma nan gaba ga masu sana'ar crofting da ke akwai da kuma sabbin masu sana'ar crofting don amfani da su yadda ya kamata.

Ana buƙatar duk masu haya da masu haya da masu haya, su bi wasu ƙa'idodi na doka da suka shafi zama da kuma kula da sana'o'insu.

Duk masu haya ko masu mallakar gida da masu haya na croft suna da alhakin doka na bin dukkan waɗannan ayyuka guda uku:

# Kullum zama a, ko kuma a cikin  na, ƙwanƙolinsu;
# Noma da kula da gonarsu ko kuma sanya ta a wani amfani mai ma'ana da kuma
# Kada a yi amfani da su ko kuma a yi watsi da amfanin gonarsu.

Tsarin kula da kai yana nufin masu sana'ar hannu su ci gaba da iko kan abin da ke faruwa da sana'arsu, suna zaɓar zaɓuɓɓuka don su iya ba da gudummawa ga makomar sana'ar hannu, garin da kuma tsarin sana'ar hannu gaba ɗaya.

Duk da haka, idan mai crofter ya kasa cika aikinsu, Hukumar za ta iya bincika karya doka kuma ta ɗauki mataki idan ya cancanta. Idan ana zargin an karya doka, membobin ƙungiyar crofting; Kwamitocin Kiwo/'Yan Sanda da Masu Tantance Masu Zane za su iya kai rahoton masu croft waɗanda suka ɗauka ba sa bin aikinsu ga Hukumar.

An kafa Kwamitin Crofters na farko a shekarar 1886 ta hanyar Dokar Hannun Jarin Crofters (Scotland). An kafa Kwamitin Crofters na zamani ta hanyar Dokar Crofters (Scotland) ta 1955. An canza sunan Hukumar zuwa Kwamitin Crofting a shekarar 2012 bayan fara aiki da Dokar Gyaran Crofting (Scotland) ta 2010 .

## Manazarta
Kirwan Sanday

**Kirwan Sanday** ƙwararren ɗan wasan rugby ne ɗan ƙasar Australiya wanda asalinsa Fijian ne. Yana da alaƙa da Queensland Reds. Babban matsayin Sanday a filin wasa shine goyon baya. A tsawon aikinsa, ya buga wasanni 118 a ƙungiyar Queensland Reds.

 

## Rayuwa ta farko
Shi ɗan'uwan John Sanday ne, tsohon ɗan wasan rugby na ƙasa da ƙasa na Fiji.  Sanday ya halarci Kwalejin St Joseph's, Nudgee da ke Brisbane kuma an zaɓe shi don ƙungiyar Queensland a Gasar Rugby ta Makarantun Australia. 

## Aikin Rugby
Sanday ya shiga ƙungiyar Easts Tigers don buga gasar Queensland Premier Rugby . Ya buga wa ƙungiyar Fiji Under-20 a 2009 da 2010 a gasar cin kofin duniya. An zaɓi Sanday a matsayin ɗan wasan Fiji Warriors da Argentina XV a Uruguay a 2015 da kuma Queensland Country a gasar cin kofin Rugby ta ƙasa.

Ya fara buga wa Super Rugby wasa a ranar 27 ga Maris 2017  kuma ya buga wasa a benci a wasanni tara na kakar wasa ta 2017.  

## Manazarta
Susie Warran-Smith

**Susie Warran-Smith, [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]], DL** marubuciya ce kuma mai watsa shirye-shirye ' yar Birtaniya. An naɗa ta a matsayin Kwamandar Order of the British Empire (CBE) a bikin karramawa na Sabuwar Shekara ta 2022 na Elizabeth II da kuma Mataimakin Laftanar (DL) na Kent .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Warran-Smith ta kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Fasaha ta Kirkire-kirkire . Ta halarci Jami'ar Staffordshire kuma ta kammala karatun digiri na MBA a 1995. Warran-Smith ta fara aikinta a matsayin mai zane a hukumomin talla a Landan a tsakiyar shekarun 1980, ta zama ƙwararriyar mai tallata kayayyaki da kuma malamar baƙo a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Kirkire-kirkire. Ta zama darektan tallatawa da sadarwa a cikin ayyukan kamfanoni, ciki har da Barclays Bank . A 2015, ta kafa Breakthrough Funding, wanda aka sayar wa Ernst &amp;amp; Young a 2020. Ta kasance memba mara zartarwa a Kwamitin Bincike da Hadari a Sashen Al'ummomi da Gwamnatin Kananan Hukumomi (wanda yanzu shine DLUHC) daga 2006 zuwa 2012 kuma an naɗa ta Shugabar Kamfanin Produced in Kent a watan Yunin 2021. Ita ce Darakta mara zartarwa ta Hukumar Kuɗi da Kwastam ta Mai Martaba (HMRC).  

## Manazarta
Harriet Loyd-Lindsay, Baroness Wantage

**Harriet Sarah Loyd-Lindsay** (née **Jones-Loyd** ), **Baroness Wantage** (30 Yuni 1837 - 9 Agusta 1920), ta kasance mai tattara kayan fasaha na Burtaniya kuma mai ba da taimako.

Ita kaɗai ce magajin dukiyar iyayenta Harriet Wright da Samuel Jones-Loyd, Baron Overstone na farko, wanda ya ba ta Gidan Lockinge kusa da Wantage a matsayin kyauta lokacin da ta auri Robert Loyd-Lindsay a 1858. Ma'auratan sun zauna a 2 Carlton Gardens, London, Lockinge House, Berkshire, da Overstone Hall da Ardington House. 

Ta kasance mai taimako ga dalilai da yawa, musamman ma nas, wanda hakan ya sa ta kafa Ƙungiyar Agaji ta Ƙasa (daga baya Ƙungiyar Red Cross ta Burtaniya ). Saboda wannan ne Sarauniya Victoria ta ba ta kyautar Royal Red Cross (RRC) a shekarar 1883.  Shekaru biyu bayan haka aka sanya mijinta a matsayin wanda ya san masarautar kuma ta rubuta tarihin rayuwarsa wanda aka buga bayan mutuwarsa.  An san ta da kafa Wantage Hall da Abington Park .

Babban tarin zane-zanenta a Lockinge House, wanda ya haɗa da Turner's High Street, Oxford, Claude Lorrain's Landscape with Psyche Outside the Palace of Cupid, da sauran ayyukan da masu fasaha na zamani da kuma tsoffin masters suka yi, an rarraba su aka sayar bayan mutuwarta. Magajinta AT Loyd ya sayar da manyan zane-zane a Sotheby's, London, 28 Nuwamba 1945. An rushe Lockinge House a 1947, kuma an sanya sauran tarin a cikin ƙaramin gida kusa.

Shahararrun zane-zane a cikin tarin ta sune:
Fayil:Jacob_van_Ruisdael_-_A_wooded_river_landscape_with_peasants_on_a_bridge.jpg|alt=Landscape by Jacob van Ruisdael| Tsarin ƙasa ta Jacob van Ruisdael
Fayil:Rembrandt_-_Margaretha_de_Geer,_wife_of_Jacob_Trip_-_National_Gallery.jpg|alt=Portrait of Margaretha de Geer, wife of Jacob Trip, by Rembrandt| Hoton Margaretha de Gee, matar Jacob Trip, ta Rembrandt
Fayil:Pieter_de_Hooch_-_A_Man_Smoking_and_a_Woman_Drinking_in_a_Courtyard_-1658-1660.jpg|alt=A Man Smoking and a Woman Drinking in a Courtyard, by Pieter de Hooch| *Namiji Mai Shan Sigari da Mace Mai Shan Giya a Cikin Farfajiyar Gida*, na Pieter de Hooch
Fayil:Jan_Steen_-_As_the_Old_Sing,_So_the_Young_Pipe_-_Allentown.jpg|alt=As the Old Sing, So the Young Pipe, y Jan Steen| *Kamar Tsohon Waƙa, Haka Matasan Bututu*, da Jan Steen
Fayil:Anthony_van_Dyck_-_Portrait_of_Henrietta_Maria_-_Lady_Wantage.jpg|alt=Portrait of Queen Henrietta Maria, by Anthony van Dyck| Hoton Sarauniya Henrietta Maria, na Anthony van Dyck


## Manazarta
James Tuttle (ƙungiyar rugby)

**James Tuttle** (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga Mayu 1996) ɗan wasan rugby ne na ƙasar Australiya. Ya buga wasa na ƙarshe a ƙungiyar Melbourne Rebels  bayan ya taɓa bugawa Queensland Reds wasa.

Tuttle ya halarci Kwalejin St Joseph, Nudgee kuma ya wakilci Queensland da Ostiraliya a gasar rugby ta yara 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2013. Ya shiga ƙungiyar GPS ta Queensland, kuma rawar da ya taka a gasar Queensland Premier Rugby ta sa ya sanya hannu tare da ƙungiyar Queensland Country don fara kakar wasa ta National Rugby Championship (NRC) a shekarar 2014. 

A shekarar 2015, an zaɓi Tuttle a cikin ƙungiyar ' yan ƙasa da shekaru 20 ta Australia don buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta Rugby ta 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 20 a Italiya.  Ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar Super Rugby ta shekaru uku tare da Reds da ke Brisbane a shekarar 2015,  kuma ya yi rangadin aiki tare da ƙungiyar zuwa Afirka ta Kudu amma bai buga wasa ba. Bayan da aka tilasta wa kyaftin ɗin Queensland Country Anthony Fainga'a ya janye daga kakar wasa ta NRC ta 2015 saboda rauni, an naɗa Tuttle a matsayin sabon kyaftin na ƙungiyar. 

A halin yanzu Tuttle yana karatun digirin farko a fannin kasuwanci a Jami'ar Deakin a shekarar 2024.

A shekarar 2022, an zaɓi Tuttle a cikin ƙungiyar Rugby Union ta 'A' ta Australia don buga gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Pacific [undefined] a Fiji. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, ya sake yin rangadin tare da ƙungiyar 'A' ta Australia zuwa Japan don buga wasa da ƙungiyar Japan XV a cikin jerin wasanni uku.[2] An naɗa Tuttle a matsayin kyaftin a wasan ƙarshe na ƙungiyar a Osaka.[1]

A shekarar 2023, Tuttle ya sake yin rangadin tare da ƙungiyar ƙwallon rugby ta Australia A zuwa Faransa don buga wasa da Portugal a wasan ƙwallo na RWC. Daga baya ya koma Barbarian FC don rangadin makonni 6 a Burtaniya inda zai fafata da ƙungiyoyin Premier na Ingila Northampton, Bristol, Gloucester, Harlequins da kuma Scarlets na URC.

## Ƙididdigar Super Rugby

## Manazarta
Hukumar Kula da Koguna ta Kasa

**Hukumar Kula da Koguna ta Ƙasa** ( **NRA** ) tana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka riga mu gidan gaskiya a Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Ingila da Wales, wadda ta wanzu tsakanin 1989 da 1996.

Kafin shekarar 1989, hukumomin ruwa na yankuna goma (RWAs) ne ke gudanar da tsarin muhallin ruwa. Hukumar RWAs ce ke da alhakin wadata da rarraba ruwan sha, zubar da najasa da najasa, magudanar ruwa ta ƙasa da kuma kula da haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa, kamun kifi, kula da ingancin ruwa, hana gurɓataccen ruwa, kula da albarkatun ruwa da kuma fannoni da dama na kula da yanayin halittu na ruwa da wasu fannoni na nishaɗi . Bayan zartar da Dokar Ruwa ta 1989, hukumomin ruwa goma a Ingila da Wales sun zama masu zaman kansu ta hanyar yin amfani da ruwa a kasuwar hannun jari . Sun ɗauki ayyukan samar da ruwa, najasa da zubar da najasa zuwa kamfanonin da aka keɓe. Sauran ayyukan sun kasance tare da sabuwar Hukumar Koguna ta Ƙasa da aka ƙirƙira.  

An raba kadarorin da ma'aikatan RWA a lokacin da aka sayar da su hannun jari tsakanin sabbin kamfanonin ruwa da NRA. Duk da haka, duk kadarorin da suka shafi ma'ajiyar ruwa an mayar da su ga sabbin kamfanonin ruwa masu zaman kansu da aka kafa, har ma a lokutan da akwai sha'awar nishaɗi da kamun kifi a cikin ma'ajiyar. An kuma sanya shirye-shiryen caji mai rikitarwa inda sabbin kamfanonin da aka ƙirƙira suka biya kuɗin cire ruwa ga NRA don cire ruwa daga saman ruwa da ƙasa amma NRA dole ne ta biya don a sake fitar da irin waɗannan ruwan zuwa koguna. A yanayin da aka gina ma'ajiyar ruwa don sarrafa kwararar koguna don haka don haka suna tallafawa cire ruwan sha da kansu, wannan na iya haifar da NRA ta biya ƙarin kuɗi don a sake fitar da ruwan fiye da yadda ta caji don cire shi. Hakanan yana nufin cewa wasu fitar da ruwa daga ma'ajiyar ruwa, waɗanda a da aka yi su musamman don abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli ko nishaɗi, yanzu an yi su ne da muradun tattalin arziki a matsayin babban abin da ke haifar da hakan. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

Tambarin NRA hoto ne mai salo na kifin salmon a cikin da'irar ruwa, wanda wani lokacin ma'aikatan NRA ke kiransa *[[Washing machine|injin wanki]]* .

Shugaban NRA a tsawon rayuwarsa shine Lord Crickhowell . 

A shekarar 1996, NRA ta daina wanzuwa lokacin da aka mayar da ita cikin Hukumar Muhalli,  tare da HMIP 's Inspectorate of Pollution (HMIP) da kuma ayyukan kula da sharar gida na hukumar kananan hukumomi. Ayyukanta a Wales sun koma ga Albarkatun Kasa na Wales a shekarar 2013.

## Manazarta
Grace Jane Wallace

**Grace Jane Wallace, Lady Wallace** (wanda aka fi sani da **Stein** a da, **Lady Don** ; 1804 - 13 Maris 1878) marubuciya ce 'yar ƙasar Scotland. 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Grace Jane Stein a shekarar 1804 a matsayin babbar 'yar John Stein, wani ma'aikacin banki kuma mai sayar da giya a Edinburgh wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin 'yar majalisar Bletchingley .

## Sana'a
Lady Wallace "ta gina aiki da suna ga kanta ta hanyar aikinta na fassara, musamman ta hanyar fassarar rayuwar da wasiƙun mawakan zamani na *Longman's*, waɗanda suka kasance sigar Turanci ta yau da kullun tsawon tsararraki." 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
A ranar 19 ga Agusta 1824, ta yi aure, a matsayin matarsa ta biyu, Sir Alexander Don, Baronet na 6 na Newton Don, wanda abokin Sir Walter Scott ne na kud da kud. Kafin rasuwarsa a ranar 11 ga Maris 1826, su ne iyayen 'ya'ya biyu: 

* Sir William Henry Don, Baronet na 7 (1825–1862), ɗan wasan kwaikwayo wanda ya yi aure sau biyu.
* Alexina Harriet Don (  ), wanda ya auri Sir Frederick Acclom Milbank, Baronet na 1,  jikan Duke na 1 na Cleveland . 

A cikin wasiƙun da ya rubuta (ii.348), Sir Walter Scott ya rubuta wa ɗansa a shekara ta 1825: "Mama da Anne suna lafiya; suna tare da ni a ziyarar Sir Alex. Don da sabuwar matar sa, wacce mace ce mai kyau, kuma tana buga garaya cikin daɗi".

Bayan rasuwar Sir Alexander a shekarar 1826; Grace ta auri Laftanar-Janar Sir James Maxwell Wallace (1785–1867) a shekarar 1836. Lady Wallace ta mutu a ranar 12 ga Maris 1878 ba tare da 'ya'ya daga aurenta na biyu ba. 

## Ayyuka
Lady Wallace ta daɗe tana aiki a matsayin mai fassara ayyukan Jamusanci da Sifaniyanci, da sauransu: 

* *Gimbiya Ilse* (na Marie Petersen ), 1855
* *Clara; ko Rayuwar Bauta a Turai* (na Friedrich Wilhelm Hackländer ), 1856
* *Muryoyi daga Greenwood*, 1856
* *Tsohon Gidan Sufaye* (na Friedrich Wilhelm Hackländer), 1857
* *Frederick the Great da Ɗan Kasuwarsa* (na Luise Mühlbach ), 1859
* *Rayuwa da Ayyukan Schiller* (na Emil Palleske ), 1859
* *Gidan sarauta da gidan sarauta a Spain* (daga Fernán Caballero na Sifaniyanci), 1861
* *Yusufu a cikin Dusar ƙanƙara* (na Berthold Auerbach ), 1861
* *Wasikun Mendelssohn daga Italiya da Switzerland*, 1862
* *Will-o'-the-Wisp* (na Marie Petersen), 1862
* *Wasikun Mendelssohn daga 1833 zuwa 1847*, 1863
* *Wasikun Mozart*, 1865
* *Wasikun Beethoven, 1790–1826*, 1866
* *Wasikun Mawakan da suka shahara*, 1867
* *Tunawa da Mendelssohn* (na Elise Polko ), 1868
* *Alexandra Feodorowna* (na Agusta Theodor von Grimm ), 1870
* *Soyayyar Makiyaya ta Jamus: Elsa da Ungulu* (na Wilhelmine von Hillern ), 1876
* *Rayuwar Mozart* (na Ludwig Nohl ), 1877.

## Bayanan kula

## Manazarta
Ma'aikatar Muhalli (Saskatchewan)

**Ma'aikatar Muhalli** ce ke da alhakin shirye-shiryen gwamnati da suka shafi kare muhalli a lardin Saskatchewan, Kanada.

## Ofishin Kare Daji da kuma Kashe Gobarar Daji
Lardin Saskatchewan yana da rundunar jiragen sama ta Bombardier CL-415 a matsayin jiragen sama masu kashe gobara.

## Manazarta
Jack Tuttle

**Jack Tuttle** (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu 1995) ɗan wasan baya ne na ƙungiyar rugby ta Australiya wanda a halin yanzu yake bugawa Queensland Reds wasa a gasar Super Rugby ta ƙasa da ƙasa.  

## Farkon aiki / na lardi
An haife shi kuma ya girma a Brisbane, Tuttle ya halarci shahararren Kwalejin St Joseph, Nudgee inda ya fito a gasar zakarunsu ta XV tare da ƙaninsa James. A lokacin da yake can, ya wakilci Queensland a matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 da kuma ɗaliban makaranta. Bayan ya bar makarantar sakandare, ya canza dokoki zuwa gasar rugby kuma ya yi shekaru 2 tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta Brisbane Broncos. Ya koma ƙungiyar rugby a ƙarshen 2015 kuma ya fara bugawa Norths wasa a gasar Queensland Premier Rugby.

## Aikin Super Rugby
Bayan kammala komawa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa, Tuttle ya yi atisaye da Queensland Reds tun daga lokacin da aka fara kakar wasa ta bana, kuma ya fara buga wasa a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta Super Rugby ta 2016 a wasan da suka yi da Brumbies a Canberra. Ya buga wasanni 2 jimilla, inda ya samu katin rawaya 1 a lokacin.[1]

## Ƙididdigar Super Rugby

## Manazarta
Semisi Tupou

**Semisi Tupou** (an haife shi a ranar 29 ga Afrilu 1999) ɗan wasan rugby ne na ƙasar Australiya wanda ke bugawa ƙungiyar Ricoh Black Rams a gasar Rugby ta Japan. Matsayinsa na zaɓe shine tsakiya.

## Sana'a
Ya fara buga wa 'yan tawayen wasa a fafatawa da Jaguares a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Jack Maddocks a wasan da suka sha kashi 29-32 a hannun 'yan tawayen.

## Ƙididdigar Super Rugby

## Manazarta
Jehanne Wake

**Jehanne Deirdre Alexandra Wake** (wacce aka haifa a Williams) ƙwararriyar marubuciya ce 'yar Birtaniya, masanin tarihi kuma mai adana kayan tarihi . Ta rubuta tarihin rayuwar Gimbiya Louise, 'ya ta shida ga Sarauniya Victoria, da kuma 'yan'uwa mata huɗu na farko na Amurka Caton waɗanda aka fi sani da "alherin Amurka",  da sauran littattafai. 

## Rayuwa
Jehanne Wake ta samu tarbiyya daga ƙasashen waje kafin ta karanci Falsafa, Siyasa da Tattalin Arziki (PPE) a Jami'ar Oxford . Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin tsararrun mata masu digiri na farko a fannin saka hannun jari a birnin Landan . Tana da aure kuma tana zaune tare da iyalinta a Yammacin Landan . 

## Ayyuka
Wake ita ce marubucin littattafai da dama na almara da kuma tarihin kamfanoni. Ta kuma bayar da gudummawa ga shirye-shiryen talabijin da rediyo na BBC a matsayin shugabar jawabi . Ta fito a cikin *Reputations: [[Florence Nightingale]]* (BBC) da *Reputations: Prince Albert* (BBC). Littattafan da ta rubuta zuwa yanzu sun haɗa da:

Littafinta na baya-bayan nan, *Sisters of Fortune*, wanda aka buga a watan Agusta na 2010, tarihin rayuwar magada ne na Amurka guda huɗu, Marianne, Bess, Louisa da Emily Caton.  Sun kasance jikokin Charles Carroll na Carrollton na Maryland, ɗan Katolika na Roman Katolika ɗaya tilo kuma wanda ya fi daɗewa ya sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar 'Yanci ta Amurka. Manyan 'yan'uwa mata uku sun yi tafiya zuwa Birtaniya jim kaɗan bayan Yaƙin Napoleon kuma suna cikin mata na farko na Amurka da suka shiga al'ummar Birtaniya . Louisa Caton ita ce 'yar Amurka ta farko da ta auri duke, ta auri Francis D'Arcy-Osborne, Duke na 7 na Leeds a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 1828. Emily, 'yar da ta zauna a Amurka, ta auri John MacTavish, wani ɗan kasuwa ɗan Scotland-Kanada kuma Jakadan Birtaniya a Baltimore, Maryland . 

## Littattafan tarihi

* *Gimbiya Louise: 'Yar Sarauniya Victoria ta rashin al'ada*, HarperCollins, 1988, 
* 
* *Thwaites: Rayuwa da Lokacin Daniel Thwaites Brewery*, Scotforth Books, 2007, 
* *Bayan Zauren Banki, Tarihin Iyalan Kleinwort*, Sutton Publishing, 2000, OCLC 52713165
*  

## Manazarta
Jerin shugabannin jam'iyyar Green a Kanada

Wannan jerin shugabannin jam'iyyar Green Party da mataimakan shugabanni ne na yanzu a Kanada.

## Manazarta
Gillian Wagner

**Dame Gillian Mary Millicent Wagner** ( née Graham ; an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Oktoba 1927) marubuciya ce 'yar Birtaniya, mai taimakon jama'a kuma mai kula da zamantakewa, kuma a da shugabar ƙungiyar agaji ta yara ta Barnardo's, Gidauniyar Thomas Coram da Carnegie Trust . Ta wallafa ayyukan tarihi da na tarihi, da kuma rahotanni kan kula da zamantakewa.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Gillian Mary Millicent Graham a Landan a shekarar 1927,  'yar Manjo Henry Archibald Roger Graham da Hon. Margaret Beatrice Lopes. Ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Mata ta Cheltenham da Jami'ar Geneva, daga baya ta yi difloma a fannin gudanar da zamantakewa a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta Landan, daga baya kuma ta sami digirin digirgir. Takardar digirin digirgir dinta mai taken *Dr. Barnardo da Ƙungiyar Sadaka ta Ƙungiyar: Sake tantance Shari'ar Sasantawa ta 1877.* 

## Ayyuka da jigogi
An bayyana tarihin rayuwar Thomas Barnardo na shekarar 1979 a matsayin "bayanin farko na gaskiya game da halinsa da aikinsa";  yayin da aka ce *Thomas Coram, Gent.* "tarihin rayuwar wannan farkon majagaba na agajin yara" ne.  Littafinta, *Miss Palmer's Diary* ya ƙunshi tarihin rayuwar kakanta, Ellen Palmer.

## Littattafai

* *Kyamarar da Dr. Barnardo* (tare da Valerie Lloyd), 1974, National Portrait Gallery Publications, 
* *Barnardo*, 1979, Ayyukan Littattafai na Littlehampton, 
* *Yara na Daular*, 1982, Ayyukan Littattafai na Littlehampton, 
* *The Chocolate Conscience*, 1987, Chatto & Windus, 
* *Thomas Coram, Gent.: 1668–1751*, 2015, Boydell Press, 
* *Littafin Tarihin Miss Palmer*, 2017, IB Tauris, 

### Rahotanni

* *Zabi Mai Kyau (Bita Mai Zaman Kanta Kan Kula da Gidaje): Jagora ga Rahoton Wagner* 1988, Cibiyar Aikin Jama'a ta Ƙasa, ASIN B001NTUWO6
* *Kula da Gidaje, Vol. 2: Binciken da aka Yi Bita (tare da Cibiyar Kula da Jama'a ta Ƙasa)* 1988, Littattafan Ofishin Rubutu, 
* *Horarwa don Kula da Jama'a: Cimma Ma'auni don Ayyukan da Ba a Ƙimarsu Ba*, 1998, Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofi, 

## Manazarta
Kasuwancin hadin gwiwa na Arctic Goose

Kamfanin **Arctic Goose Joint Venture** ( **AGJV** ) haɗin gwiwa ne na kiyayewa wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1989  tsakanin gwamnatoci, ƙungiyoyi, da ƙungiyoyin kiyayewa don daidaita bincike da sa ido kan yawan tsuntsayen Arctic, sub-Arctic da boreal nesting goose   na Arewacin Amurka, musamman tsuntsayen cackling, tsuntsayen Canada, tsuntsayen Emperor, tsuntsayen fari masu gaba da fari, tsuntsayen Ross, da tsuntsayen snow .  Gudanar da balaguron bincike na Arctic tare da haɗin gwiwar abokan hulɗa shine babban burin wannan aikin, don a iya daidaita dabarun irin wannan binciken yadda ya kamata.  Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukansa shine yin collar geese a Kanada, Amurka, da sauran yankunan Arctic da ke kusa, kamar Tsibirin Wrangel na Rasha . 

Manufar wannan kamfani ita ce haɓaka fahimtar kimiyya da kuma kula da dawakan Arewacin Amurka",  kuma yana aiki a cikin tsarin Tsarin Gudanar da Kaza na Arewacin Amurka (NAWMP).

## Haɗin gwiwa
Mahalarta aikin sun haɗa da hukumomin gwamnati na ƙasa da na ƙananan hukumomi da sassan ƙasar a Kanada, Mexico, da Amurka. A Kanada, Hukumar Kula da Namun Daji ta Kanada ta ƙasa tana cikin mahalarta, haka nan kuma hukumar Ma'aikatar Albarkatun Ƙasa ta gwamnatin Ontario da Manitoba Conservation, wani sashe na gwamnatin Manitoba .  A Mexico, Hukumar Kula da Namun Daji ta Ƙasa da Sakataren Muhalli da Albarkatun Ƙasa su ne mahalarta na ƙasa. A Amurka, Hukumar Kula da Kifi da Namun Daji da Sashen Albarkatun Halittu na Binciken Ƙasa ta Amurka mahalarta na ƙasa ne.  Mahalarta taron a matakin jiha sun haɗa da Sashen Kifi da Namun Daji na Delaware, Sashen Namun Daji da Kamun Kifi na Louisiana, Sashen Kula da Missouri, Sashen Albarkatun Ƙasa na Maryland, Hukumar Kula da Namun Daji ta Nebraska, Hukumar Kula da Namun Daji ta North Dakota, da Sashen Kifi da Namun Daji na Oregon . 

Kula da hanyoyin tashi da saukar jiragen sama na nahiyar Arewacin Amurka yana da mahimmanci ga wannan aikin, wanda ya haɗa da halartar hanyoyin tashi da saukar jiragen sama na Amurka, da kuma majalisar hanyar tashi ta Atlantic, hanyar tashi ta tsakiya, hanyar tashi ta Mississippi, da kuma hanyar tashi ta Pacific .  Bugu da ƙari, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na Ducks Unlimited, Ducks Unlimited Canada, da Ducks Unlimited Mexico (DUMAC) ƙungiyoyi ne masu zaman kansu waɗanda ke shiga cikin wannan aikin.

## Ayyuka
Haɗa geese da bin diddiginsu muhimmin al'amari ne na shirin. An yi wa geese ɗin ado da madauri mai launi mai lambar haruffa uku, na farko babba da na tsaye, sauran biyu kuma ƙanana ne.  Don bayanai, an fara jera harafin tsaye.  Tsarin collaring shine: 

Waɗannan tsuntsayen sun zama ruwan dare a cikin hanyoyin tashi na Pacific da Central, ba kasafai ake ganin su a cikin hanyoyin tashi na Atlantic ba, kuma wani lokacin ana ganin su a cikin hanyoyin tashi na Mississippi.

## Manazarta
Linda White Mazini Villari

**Linda White Mazini Villari (ɗan fari)** (1836–1915) marubuciya ce kuma mai fassara. Ta fassara da yawa daga cikin ayyukan mijinta na biyu, Pasquale Villari, zuwa Turanci. Ita ce bazawara ga Vicenzo Mazini kuma 'yar James White. 

## Iyali
An haife ta a matsayin Linda Mary White, ta auri dillalin siliki Vincenzo Constanzo Mazini ( kimanin 1829–1869) a watan Oktoban 1861 a Kensington; suna da 'ya mace, Costanza Maria Orsola Mazini (an haife ta a 1863). Costanza ta auri mai zane William Stokes Hulton kuma ita ce mahaifiyar Teresa da Gioconda Hulton. Teresa ta zama Lady Berwick ta 8 a Attingham Park, Shropshire. Aure na biyu da Linda Villari ta yi da Pasquale Villari ya haifar da ɗa, Luigi Villari .

## Littattafai

* *A cikin Zinare. Labarin Palermo* (London, 1872)
* *[http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009893641 A cikin Canji mara canzawa]* (juzu'i 2, London, 1877)
* *<nowiki/>'Yar'uwar Camilla* (T Fisher Unwin, London, 1885)
* *[http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008687180 A kan Tuddan Tuscan da Ruwan Venetian]* (T Fisher Unwin, London, 1885)
* *Lokacin da nake yaro; ko, An bari a baya* (TF Unwin, London, 1885)
* *[http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000350023 Nan da nan a Italiya da kuma kan iyaka]* (WH Allen & Co, London, 1893)
* *Oswald von Wolkenstein. Tunanin Minnesinger na Tirol na ƙarshe* (JM Dent & Co, London, 1901).

## Fassarori

### Ayyukan Pasquale Villari

* *Niccolò Machiavelli da lokacinsa* (juzu'i 2, London, 1878)
* *Rayuwa da lokutan Girolamo Savonarola* (bugu na 2, juzu'i 2, T Fisher Unwin, London, 1889)
* *Tarihin Ƙarni Biyu na Farko na Florentine* (juzu'i 2, T Fisher Unwin, London, 1894–1895)
* *Mamayar Barbarian a Italiya* (T Fisher Unwin, London, 1902)
* *Nazari, Tarihi da Mahimmanci* (T Fisher Unwin, London, 1907).

### Sauran ayyuka

* Mór Jókai, *Rayuwa a cikin Kogo,* daga Hungarian (W Swan Sonnenschein & Co, London, [1884])
* Sarki Yarima Luigi Amedeo di Savoia, Duke na Abruzzi, *Hawan Dutsen St Elias, Alaska* (A Constable & Co, Westminster, 1900)

## Manazarta
Justina Vail Evans

**Justina Vail Evans** (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga Agusta 1963), wacce a da ake yaba mata a matsayin **Justina Vail**, ' yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Burtaniya, mai koyar da rayuwa, marubuciya kuma mai ilimin motsa jiki . 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Vail Evans a Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia a shekarar 1963 ga iyayenta 'yan Birtaniya . Ta koma Hong Kong a shekarar 1971 da kuma Ingila a shekarar 1975 inda ta halarci Makarantar Sacred Heart ta Beechwood da kuma Kwalejin Fasaha da Zane ta Kent (wadda a da Kwalejin Fasaha ta Canterbury ce) don yin karatun zane-zane . Ta fara samun matsayinta na wasan kwaikwayo a Hong Kong inda ake daukar wani shirin talabijin na Birtaniya. 

## Sana'a
Vail Evans ita ce mai haɗin gwiwa kuma Daraktan Horarwa a Envision Coach Training, wani shirin horar da manyan masu horarwa wanda Hukumar Koyarwa ta Duniya (ICF) ta amince da shi.  Ita ce Kocin ICF Master Certified Coach (MCC) kuma tana ba da horo na rayuwa, horar da manyan jami'ai, maganin hypnosis da shirye-shiryen neuro-linguistic (NLP) a cikin aikinta na sirri. 

Vail Evans ta yi ritaya a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a shekarar 2001 domin ci gaba da aikinta na yanzu. Matsayinta na wasan kwaikwayo mafi shahara shine a matsayinta na masanin kimiyya 'yar Rasha Dr. Olga Vukavitch a ƙarshen shekarun 1990 da farkon shekarun 2000 na shirin talabijin na UPN na almara na kimiyya mai suna *Seven Days* . Vail ta sami ra'ayoyi masu kyau game da rawar da ta taka a shirin.  A shekarar 2000, ta lashe kyautar Saturn Award don fitacciyar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mai tallafawa, inda ta yi nasara a kan Amanda Tapping  *Stargate SG-1* .  Duk da haka, a shekarar 2001, an sami rahotannin rashin gamsuwa a wurin wasan. Tauraro mai suna Don Franklin ya nuna rashin gamsuwarsa da shirin,  kuma an ruwaito cewa Vail ya bar shirin gaba ɗaya  (a cewar wasu majiyoyin shirin kan takaddama da ta yi da tauraro *mai suna Seven Days* Jonathan LaPaglia  ), amma daga baya ya dawo ya kammala kakar wasa ta uku. 

Ta kuma fito a cikin *fim ɗin The X-Files* a matsayin Unholy Spirit.

A watan Satumba/Oktoba 1997, Vail Evans shi ma ya fito a wani shiri na Highlander: The Series . Shirin (tare da wasu da dama makamancin haka) yunƙurin gwada jarumai mata marasa mutuwa don Highlander: The Raven mai ɗan gajeren lokaci ne. Sharhin shirin ya gauraye, inda suka yi suka ga halin Vail amma ba a yi mata ba. A ƙarshe, ba halin Vail ne aka zaɓa don sabon shirin ba.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Vail Evans ta auri Dr. Jeff Evans, marubuci kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa na Envision Global Leadership.  Vail Evans ita ma marubuciya ce. Ta kasance marubuciya mai yawan wallafa littattafai a mujallar *Backstage*,  kuma a shekarar 2012 ta buga littafinta *How to be a Happy Actor in a Challenging Business: A Guide to Thriving Through it All* .  An ba ta babbar kyauta ta rukunin "How To" don bikin littattafai na Hollywood na 2012. 

## Fim ɗin fim

## Littattafan tarihi

* *Yadda Ake Zama Dan Wasan Kwaikwayo Mai Farin Ciki A Cikin Kasuwanci Mai Kalubale: Jagora Don Ci Gaba Ta Cikin Duka*, CreateSpace, 2012, 

## Manazarta
Joe Tomane

**Joseph Malaki Tomane**   (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga Fabrairu, 1990) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙungiyar rugby ta Australiya. Ya buga wasa a tsakiya a Leinster a wasan farko na 18/19 Pro14, kuma a da ya buga wa Brumbies a gasar Super Rugby. Ya buga wa Wallabies wasa.

## Rayuwar farko
Tomane ɗan asalin ƙasar Samoa ne. An haife shi a Palmerston North, New Zealand, amma ya ƙaura tare da iyalinsa zuwa Brisbane, Ostiraliya lokacin yana ɗan shekara uku. 

A Brisbane, Tomane ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Marsden State kuma ya buga gasar rugby tare da Israel Folau, Antonio Winterstein da Chris Sandow har sai da ya koma Kwalejin Nudgee a shekararsa ta ƙarshe. A Nudgee, ya buga ƙungiyar rugby tare da James O'Connor. A shekara ta 2007, Tomane ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan makaranta ta Australia,  kamar yadda O'Connor ya yi.

## Gasar Rugby
A shekara ta 2008, Tomane ya shiga Melbourne Storm a gasar Rugby ta ƙasa. A wasansa na tara kacal a NRL a ranar 7 ga Yuni 2009, inda ya buga wasa da Brisbane Broncos, Tomane ya zura kwallaye uku sannan ya ɗauki nauyin bugun ƙwallo a daren don cimma kwallaye shida daga yunƙurin tara da ya kawo jimillar maki da ya samu a daren zuwa 24 a wasan da Storm ta doke Broncos da ci 48-4. 

Tomane ya rattaba hannu da Gold Coast Titans kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu tun daga shekarar 2010. An kuma zaɓe shi a cikin ƙungiyar horar da 'yan wasan Samoa a shekarar 2010.  Bayan nasarar da ya samu a ƙungiyar rugby (duba ƙasa), Tomane ya koma asalin ƙungiyar rugby a tsakiyar shekarar 2023, don bugawa ƙungiyar Souths-Logan Magpies da ke Brisbane wasa a gasar Queensland Rugby League.

## Ƙungiyar ƙwallon rugby
A watan Yunin 2011, Tomane ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu da Brumbies don buga gasar Super Rugby . 

Tomane ya fara buga wasa a gasar International League a wasan da suka yi da Scotland a filin wasa na Hunter da ke Newcastle a ranar 5 ga Yuni 2012. Bai samu damar yin wasa mai kyau ba a lokacin damina amma ya yi ƙoƙarin ceton takalmi. Raunin da ya samu a idon sawunsa a lokacin atisaye bayan kwana biyu ya hana shi shiga gasar gwaji da Wales.[1]

A ranar 5 ga Yulin 2016, Tomane ya tabbatar da cewa zai bar Brumbies zuwa kulob din Faransa Montpellier a karshen kakar wasa.

A ranar 12 ga Yuni 2018, Leinster Rugby ta tabbatar da cewa ta sayi Joe Tomane kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu. Ba a sabunta kwangilarsa ba don kakar wasa ta 2020/2021 kuma Leinster ya sanar da cewa za a sake shi a ranar 13 ga Yuli 2020.

A ranar 1 ga Oktoba 2020, Tomane ya tabbatar da komawarsa Japan don shiga Ricoh Black Rams a gasar Top League daga kakar wasa ta 2020-21. Wannan ya biyo bayan wasanni da dama da ya buga wa ƙungiyar Biarritz ta Faransa a 2022.

## Manazarta
Baek Se-hee

**Baek Se-hee** (Korean; 1990 - 16 ga Oktoba 2025) marubuciya ce ta Koriya ta Kudu wacce aka fi sani da tarihinta, *Ina so in mutu amma ina so in ci Tteokbokki* (2018), da kuma sakamakonsa, Ina so mu mutu amma Har yanzu ina so in cin Tteok Bokki (2019). Wadannan ayyukan sun danganta cikakkun bayanai game da maganin da take yi wa baƙin ciki mai tsanani da kuma rikice-rikice game da shi da kuma batutuwan da suka danganci su kamar cin abinci na ta'aziyya, cutar da kai da kashe kansa.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Baek ita ce ta biyu cikin 'yan'uwa mata uku da aka haifa a cikin wani matsayi mai ƙasƙanci a Goyang a cikin babban birnin Seoul. Yayinda take yarinya, ta ga mahaifinta mai cin zarafi ya doke mahaifiyarta. Ta yi karatun rubuce-rubuce masu kirkiro a Jami'ar Dongguk . Daga nan ta yi aiki a matsayin darektan kafofin sada zumunta na kamfanin wallafe-wallafen na tsawon shekaru biyar.

## Magani da rubuce-rubuce
Yayinda take aiki, ta kamu da dysthymia (rashin damuwa mai tsanani). [1] Ta yi maganin ƙwaƙwalwa na tsawon shekaru goma, tana rubutu game da kwarewar a shafinta na yanar gizo.[1] Wani da ke da irin wannan ji ya yi sharhi game da wannan kuma wannan ya yi mata wahayi:

## Mutuwa
Baek Se-hee ya mutu a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 2025, yana da shekaru 35, a wani asibiti a Goyang. Wani mai magana da yawun Hukumar Bayar da Koriya ya tabbatar da mutuwarta, wanda ya ce iyalinta ba sa son bayyana dalilin mutuwarta. A cewar Hukumar, an ba da gudummawar zuciyarta, huhu, hanta da koda.

### MANAZARTA
Robert Toia

**Robert To'ia** (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga Agusta 2004) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙungiyar rugby ta ƙasa da ƙasa Tonga wanda ke taka leda a matsayin centre ƙungiyar Sydney Roosters a gasar Rugby ta ƙasa.

## Bayani
An haifi Toia, wanda asalinsa ɗan Tongan ne, a Auckland, New Zealand. An fara rene shi a Onehunga (New Zealand) tun yana ƙarami kafin ya koma Brisbane yana da shekaru shida  inda ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na junior rugby league a Redcliffe Dolphins. Ya halarci Kwalejin St Joseph, Nudgee kafin Sydney Roosters ta saye shi yana da shekaru 14.  

## Sana'ar wasa

### Farkon aikina
A shekarar 2021, Toia ta buga wa Central Coast Roosters wasa a gasar cin kofin Harold Matthews kuma ta wakilci Queensland City 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 a wasan da suka yi da Queensland Country.   

A shekarar 2022, ya koma ƙungiyar SG Ball Cup ta Sydney Roosters. Daga baya a wannan kakar, ya buga wa ƙungiyar Jersey Flegg Cup wasa kuma ya wakilci Queensland 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19. Daga nan kakarsa ta ƙare lokacin da ya karya ACL ɗinsa a karon farko. A wannan shekarar, ya ƙi tayin komawa ƙungiyar Dolphins ta aji ɗaya ya ci gaba da zama tare da Roosters. 

A shekarar 2023, Toia ya dawo daga raunin da ya samu a ACL, inda ya buga wa Roosters da North Sydney Bears a gasar cin kofin New South Wales. Kakar wasansa ta ƙare bayan wasanni shida kacal saboda karyewar muƙamuƙi, sannan ya karye a wasansa na biyu a horo.   

A watan Yunin 2024, ya sake murmurewa daga raunin da ya samu a ACL, inda ya buga wasanni shida a ƙungiyar Roosters's NSW Cup.

### 2025
A zagaye na 1 na kakar wasan NRL ta 2025, Toia ya fara buga NRL a wasansa na farko da Brisbane Broncos a filin wasa na Allianz . [undefined] A watan Mayu, an zabi Toia don wakiltar Queensland a wasa na 1 na jerin wasannin State of Origin na shekara-shekara bayan wasanni 10 kacal a NRL.[2] Toia ya buga wasanni uku a Queensland yayin da suka doke New South Wales da ci 2-1 don lashe jerin. [3] Toia ya buga wasanni 22 a kakar wasan NRL ta 2025 yayin da kungiyar ta kare a matsayi na 8 a teburi kuma ta cancanci zuwa wasan karshe. Ya buga wasa a wasan karshe na kawar da kungiyoyi da Cronulla.[4] Ya kammala kakar wasa ta hanyar lashe kyautar NRL Dally M ta 2025.[5] A ranar 28 ga Nuwamba 2025, Roosters ta sanar da cewa Toia ta sake rattaba hannu da kungiyar har zuwa karshen 2029.[1]

## Manazarta
Jim Bolger

**James Brendan Bolger** ONZ PC (/ˈbɒldʒər/ BOL-jər; 31 ga Mayu 1935 - 15 ga Oktoba 2025) ɗan siyasan New Zealand ne na Jam'iyyar National wanda ya kasance Firayim Minista na 35 na New Zealand, ya yi aiki daga 1990 zuwa 1997.

An haifi Bolger a Ōpunake, Taranaki, ga baƙi na Irish. Kafin ya shiga siyasa, ya yi noma a Waikato, kuma ya shiga cikin Tarayyar Manoma - ƙungiyar noma ta ƙasa. Bolger ya lashe zaben majalisar dokoki a shekarar 1972, kuma daga baya ya yi aiki a fannoni da yawa a Gwamnatin Kasa ta Uku. Bayan wani yunkuri mara nasara na shugabancin jam'iyyar a shekarar 1984, an zabi Bolger a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar National Party a shekarar 1986. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Jam'iyyar adawa daga 1986 zuwa 1990.

Bolger ya jagoranci Jam'iyyar National Party zuwa nasara mai yawa - mafi girma a tarihinta - a zaben 1990, wanda ya kai shi ga zama Firayim Minista a watan Nuwamba. An zabi Gwamnatin Kasa ta huɗu a kan alkawarin isar da "Kyakkyawan Kungiyar" biyo bayan sake fasalin tattalin arziki na gwamnatin Labour ta baya, wanda aka sani da "Rogernomics", wanda Bolger ya soki. Koyaya, jim kadan bayan ya hau mulki, an tilasta gwamnatinsa ta fitar da belin Bankin New Zealand kuma a sakamakon haka ya yi watsi da alkawuran da aka yi a lokacin yakin neman zabe. Gwamnatin Bolger ta ci gaba da sauye-sauyen kasuwa na gwamnati ta baya, yayin da take aiwatar da raguwa mai yawa a cikin kashe kuɗin jama'a. Kasar ta riƙe iko a zaben 1993, duk da cewa tare da raguwar mafi rinjaye.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Bolger a ranar 31 ga Mayu 1935 a Ōpunake a Taranaki .  An haife shi a cikin iyalin Katolika na Irish; Bolger na ɗaya daga cikin yara biyar  da aka haifa wa Daniel da Cecilia (née Doyle) Bolger  waɗanda suka yi hijira tare daga Gorey, County Wexford, a cikin 1930. Ya ce tasirin yakin duniya na biyu ya mamaye tun yana yaro. Ya bar Makarantar Sakandare ta Opunake yana da shekaru 15 don yin aiki a gonar madara ta iyali. A shekara ta 1962 ya sayi gonarsa kusa da Rahotu . Ya shiga kuma ya zama mai aiki a cikin Manoma na Tarayya, ya zama shugaban reshe a 1962, shugaban karamar lardin a 1970 kuma mataimakin shugaban lardin Waikato a 1971. Ya kasance memba na kwamitocin ba da shawara kan aikin gona na Waikato da King Country . 

## Rayuwa da mutuwarsa
Bolger da matarsa Joan Roman Katolika ne, tare da Bolger yana bayyana kansa a matsayin mai addini amma ba "mai zurfi ba". Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya tara. Bolger ya kada kuri'a a kan zubar da ciki a duk lokacin da batun ya fito a cikin kuri'un lamiri na majalisa. Ya kasance memba na Collegium International .  Daga 2013, Bolgers sun zauna a Waikanae . 

Wasu sun ambaci Jim Bolger, da ba'a ko ƙauna, a matsayin *Babban Helmsman* . 

Bolger ya mutu ne sakamakon gazawar koda a Asibitin Yankin Wellington da ke Wellington, a ranar 15 ga Oktoba 2025, yana da shekaru 90. 

### MANAZARTA
Robert Spencer Robinson

Admiral **Sir Robert Spencer Robinson**, KCB, FRS (6 ga Janairu 1809 - 27 ga Yulin 1889)  ya kasance jami'in sojan ruwa na Burtaniya, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da rundunar sojan ruwa daga Fabrairu 1861 zuwa Fabrairu 1871, sabili da haka yana da alhakin sayen jiragen ruwa a lokacin da Royal Navy ke canzawa daga jiragen ruwa na katako zuwa ƙarfe. A sakamakon bala'in , ba a ba Robinson karo na uku a matsayin mai kula ba. An bayyana Robinson a matsayin wanda ke da ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun kwakwalwa na kowane admiral na Victorian.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
An haife shi a Welford Park, Berkshire, ɗan Sir John Freind Robinson, 1st Baronet (1754-1832), Archdeacon na Armagh, wanda ya canza sunan iyali daga Freind zuwa Robinson a cikin 1793.

A ranar 10 ga Mayu 1841, ya auri Clementina, 'yar Admiral Sir John Louis . 

## Farkon aikin sojan ruwa
Robinson entered the Navy on 6 December 1821. He was promoted to lieutenant on 27 September 1830, and from 5 May 1831 until 1834 served as lieutenant in the 50-gun razee frigate , commanded by Lord James Townshend. *Dublin* was flagship on the South America station. In 1836 he was appointed to the 84-gun two-decker . *Asia* was commissioned on 18 March 1836 by Captain William Fisher, and served in the Mediterranean. On 26 September 1837, he was appointed to the 28-gun frigate ''Tyne'', which had been commissioned on 5 September 1837 by Captain John Townshend, and was also serving in Mediterranean. On 28 June 1838, he was promoted to commander.

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1839, ya kammala wani littafi: The Nautical Steam Engine Explained, da Ikonsa da Capabilities da aka bayyana ga Jami'an Sojan Ruwa da Sauran da ke da sha'awar Muhimman Sakamakon Jirgin Ruwa.

On 20 July 1839 he was appointed captain of the 6-gun paddle-sloop , serving in the Mediterranean. However the captain of the 4-gun paddle-sloop , Commander Anthony William Milward died, and Robinson was appointed to *Hydra* (also serving in the Mediterranean). A replacement for Robinson as captain of the *Phoenix* was appointed on 1 March 1840. Under Robinson *Hydra* took part in Commodore Charles Napier's attack on Sidon in September 1840. Robinson was promoted to captain on 5 November 1840; a replacement for Robinson as captain of *Hydra* was appointed on 26 December 1840.

## Kyaftin Robinson
A cikin 1847, ya rubuta "Observations on the Steam Ships of the Royal Navy".

A ranar 15 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1850, an nada Robinson a matsayin kyaftin din jirgin ruwa mai bindiga 46 mai suna Arrogant a cikin Channel Fleet a Lisbon, inda ya maye gurbin Kyaftin Robert Fitzroy. ''Mai girman kai'' ya biya a Portsmouth a ranar 26 ga Satumba 1852.

## manazarta