Rashin abinci a New Zealand

**Rashin abinci** a **New Zealand** na ɗaya daga cikin batutuwan muhalli da yawa waɗanda masana'antu, mutane da gwamnati ke magance susu.

Ba a san jimillar adadin abincin da aka ɓata a New Zealand ba saboda ba a bincika sharar abinci ba a kowane mataki na sarkar wadata. Koyaya, an gudanar da bincike game da sharar abinci na gida, sharar abinci na manyan kantuna da sharar abinci na ɓangaren baƙi. Kwamitin Zaɓar Muhalli ya gudanar da taron taƙaitaccen bayani game da sharar gida a cikin 2018.

## Rashin abinci na gida
Rahoton Ba da Shawarwari ga Ma'aikatar Muhalli, "Bayanan Sharar Gida na 2008", an ƙididdige cewa, a cikin 2008, ɓangarorin mazaunin sun samar da tan 1,048,993 na sharar gida, matsakaicin kilogiram 260 a kowane mutum ko 676 kg a kowane gida kowace shekara. Fiye da kashi 44% na wannan sharar gida na halitta ne, tare da 24.7% (ko tan 258,886) na jimillar sharar kicin, kuma 19.6% kasancewar sharar gida ce (tan 205,526). &nbsp;&nbsp;

Karin cikakken bincike game da sharar abinci da gidaje ke fitarwa, wanda aka zubar da shi ta hanyar tara shara, wanda Waste Not Consulting ya gudanar a 2014 a madadin WasteMINZ.  An yi nazarin kwandon shara na gidaje 1,402 tare da jera sharar abincinsu, an auna su da tsada. Binciken ya gano cewa tan 229,022 na abinci ana aika gida ne a duk shekara. Daga cikin wannan kusan kashi 50% ko tan 122,547 sharar abinci ce da za a iya kaucewa. Kuɗin ƙasa na sharar abinci na gida da za a iya kaucewa zubarwa zuwa sharar ƙasa a cikin 2014/2015 ya kai dala miliyan 872. Kawar da wannan sharar abinci zai yi daidai da rage yawan hayakin CO2 da tan 325,975 - daidai da dasa bishiyoyi 130,390 ko kuma ɗaukar motoci 118,107 daga kan hanya har tsawon shekara guda.

Bincike da malaman Jami'ar Massey suka yi a cikin 2015 sun gano cewa wasu gidaje sun haifar da karin sharar abinci. Waɗannan gidaje ne da ke da ƙarin matasa da gidaje masu yawan adadi.

An sake maimaita wannan binciken a cikin 2018 tare da tantance kwandon shara na gidaje 600. Binciken ya gano cewa a matsakaita, gidaje na New Zealand suna zubar da kilogiram 3.15 na abinci a mako guda ta hanyar tarin kerbside na cikin gida. Wannan ya ragu daga 3.17 kg na sharar abinci daga bin diddigin binciken da aka gudanar a cikin 2014-2015 ta Waste Not Consulting. Sakamakon karuwar yawan jama'a a wannan lokacin ana cika tan 157,398 na sharar abinci da za a iya kaucewa a kowace shekara.

Matsakaicin iyalin New Zealand a cikin 2018 sun ɓata $ 644 na abinci kusan kilo 86. 

Abinci goma da aka ɓata a cikin 2018 sune:

# Gurasar 10%
# Hagu sama da 8%
# Oranges da Mandarins 4%
# Apples 3%
# Farinas kashi 3%
# Dankali 3%
# Tsuntsu 3%
# Kashi 3% na shinkafa
# Matsalar 2%
# Naman shanu 2%.

Ba a san kididdigar yadda gidaje ke lalata abinci mai cin abinci ba kuma an yi masa takin mai, an ciyar da shi ga dabbobi ko kuma an zubar da shi ta hanyar zubar da sharar gida ba. Binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2014 na gidaje 1,365 ya gano cewa kashi 66% na waɗanda aka bincika sun zubar da wasu abincin su ta hanyar tarin kayan majalisa, tare da kashi 47% na zubar da ụfọdụ abincin su ta wurin composting, kashi 35% ta hanyar ciyar da dabbobi da kashi 28% ta hanyar sashin zubar da abinci. An kaddamar da Kamfen ɗin Ƙiyayya ga Abinci a New Zealand a ranar 1 ga Yuni 2016. Kamfen ɗin yana tallafawa iyalai su ɓata abinci kaɗan ta hanyar ƙarfafa halaye don rage ɓarkewar abinci kamar amfani da raguwa da adana abinci daidai. Wani kimantawa game da kamfen ɗin da aka gudanar a cikin 2018 ya gano cewa iyalai da suka ji game da kamfurin sun rage abincin da suka lalace zuwa zubar da shara da kashi 27.1%.

**Ra'ayoyin sharar abinci**

A cikin 2014 an gudanar da bincike na gidaje 1,354 ta WasteMINZ kuma an tambayi mutane nawa ne abincin da suke tsammani sun bata da nawa ne kudin sayayyar su na mako-mako. Mutane sun yi tunanin sun sayi abinci na dala 140 a kowane mako a cikin kantin sayar da su kuma sun kiyasta sun yi asarar kashi 5%. Don haka jimillar kuɗaɗen da suke tsammanin sun yi hasarar dala 390 ne a kowane gida a kowace shekara wanda ya kai dala miliyan 600 a kowace shekara.

Rabobank ya gudanar da bincike a cikin 2017 tare da irin tambayoyin da aka yi. Mutane sun yi tunanin sun sayi abinci na dala 180 a kowane mako a cikin kantin sayar da su kuma sun kiyasta sun yi asarar kashi 12%. Don haka jimillar kuɗaɗen da suke tsammanin sun yi hasarar dala 1,071 ne a kowane gida wanda ya kai dala biliyan 1.8 a kowace shekara. Babu tabbas ko wannan karin hasashe na adadin da aka yi hasashe yana da nasaba da ainihin karuwar adadin da aka yi asarar.

Binciken da WasteMINZ ya gudanar a shekarar 2014 an sake maimaita shi ta amfani da wannan hanyar binciken. Mutane sun yi tunanin sun sayi abinci mai darajar $ 150 a kowane mako a cikin kantin sayar da kayan masarufi karuwar $ 10 kuma sun kiyasta sun ɓata kashi 5% babu canji tare da 2014. Wannan yana nuna cewa karuwar kimantawa na sharar abinci ta Rabobank saboda bambanci ne a cikin hanyar binciken maimakon ainihin karuwa.

## Rashin abinci na babban kantin sayar da kayayyaki
Jami'ar Otago ta gudanar da bincike a cikin abincin da aka yi a New Zealand. An gudanar da binciken sharar jiki a New World, Countdown da manyan kantin sayar da kayayyaki na PAK'nSAVE a kusa da New Zealand a cikin 2017. Gabaɗaya an kiyasta cewa tan 60,500 na abinci ana ɓata su a kowace shekara ta manyan kantuna a New Zealand. Wannan ya yi daidai da kimanin tan 160 a kowace shago a kowace shekara. 15% na sharar abinci na kantin sayar da kayayyaki ana ba da gudummawa ga kungiyoyin ceto na abinci kuma kashi 23% ne kawai aka aika zuwa zubar da shara tare da ma'auni da aka aika zuwa ciyar da dabbobi 46% ko sake sarrafa furotin 15%.

Abinci mafi lalacewa shine

# Abincin lambu 27%
# Kashi 23% na yin burodi
# Nama da Kifi 19%
# 'Ya'yan itace 17%

A New Zealand an ba da izinin aika da sharar abinci ga manoma aladu; duk da haka Dokokin Biosecurity (Nama da Abinci ga Aladu) na 2005, wanda aka zartar a karkashin Dokar Biosecurcy ta 1993, ta haramta ciyar da aladu da nama da ba a dafa ba ko abinci wanda ya kasance cikin hulɗa da nama da bai dafa ba. A Auckland Ecostock Supplies  yana tattara da sake amfani da sharar abinci daga masana'antun, masu siyarwa, masu shigowa da kamfanonin sufuri don yin abinci mai inganci.

Supermarkets ba sa sayar da abinci da suka wuce amfani da shi ta kwanan wata ko mafi kyau kafin kwanakin, saboda dalilai na shari'a kuma saboda haɗarin da aka gani ga lafiya. Yawancin manyan kantuna sun yi haɗin gwiwa tare da bankunan abinci a duk faɗin ƙasar kuma yanzu suna ba da gudummawar abinci da aka shirya wanda ya wuce mafi kyawunsa kafin kwanan wata, amma har yanzu yana da aminci don cin abinci. Akwai kungiyoyin ceto abinci 15 da ke aiki a duk faɗin ƙasar kamar yadda a shekarar 2019  kamar KiwiHarvest  a Auckland da Dunedin, Kaibosh  a Wellington, da Kaivolution  a Hamilton, don ceto abinci da samarwa. Ana rarraba wannan ga bankunan abinci na gida da hukumomin zamantakewa. Yawancin bankunan abinci ba sa bayar da rahoto game da yawan abincin da aka bushe ko kuma an ba da su; duk da haka 14 daga cikin kungiyoyin ceto na abinci sun adana rikodin yawan abincin da suka ba da gudummawa daga manyan kantuna, masana'antun, masu shuka da kuma wani lokacin otal-otal da gidajen cin abinci. A cikin 2017 an ceto tan 2,777 na abinci. A cikin Wellington shirin Kai to Compost  yana magance sharar abinci na kasuwanci a cikin birni. Da farko wani shiri ne na gwaji tare da kudaden gwamnati amma yanzu wani mai amfani ne da ke biyan bashin da ya shafi kamfanoni 50.

Dumpster diving, musamman a supermarkets, har yanzu yana faruwa don tattara abincin da aka watsar.

## Rashin abinci na karɓar baƙi
Binciken da Jami'ar Otago da WasteMINZ suka gudanar game da sharar abinci a cikin 2018 sun gano cewa gidajen cin abinci da gidajen cin abincin suna haifar da tan 24,366 na sharar abinci kowace shekara, wanda 61% ana iya gujewa. Ba a san wane kashi ne ake aikawa zuwa wurin zubar da shara ba yayin da wasu kamfanoni ke karkatar da abincin su zuwa wuraren da ake amfani da shi, tarin abinci ko dabbobi.

Don wannan binciken, an raba sharar abinci zuwa kashi uku: lalacewa, sharar shiri da sharar farantin.

* Lalacewa yana faruwa ne tare da siyan kayan abinci da yawa ko jujjuyawar haja, wanda ke sa abinci ya lalace kuma a zubar da shi kafin a yi amfani da shi.
* Sharar da aka shirya tana faruwa a cikin ɗakin dafa abinci kuma ya haɗa da abubuwa kamar bawon kayan lambu, ƙwai ko gurasar da ke ƙonewa.   Hakanan ya haɗa da duk wani abincin da ba a sayar da shi wanda ya rage a ƙarshen rana.
* Sharar faranti shine duk abin da abokan ciniki suka bari a cikin farantin su ba tare da ci ba.

An gano lalacewa ta zama 7% na duk sharar abinci; sharar shiri ta kasance 60% kuma sharar farantin ta kasance 33%.

Ga gidajen cin abinci da gidajen cin gashin kansu, waɗanda ke ba da abinci da aka shirya kamar scones, sandwiches, pies da dai sauransu; 30% na sharar da aka shirya abinci ne da ba a sayar da shi ba.

Ta hanyar rukuni, abincin da aka fi lalata a cikin ɓangaren shine:

# Abincin lambu 28%
# Gurasar burodi 26%
# Nama 13%
# 'Ya'yan itace 9%

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin nau'ikan sharar gida
* Aikin noma a New Zealand

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Ƙarin karantawa

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## Haɗin waje

* Yunkurin Ƙaunar Abinci na New Zealand
* Biosecurity New Zealand - ciyar da Abinci ga Aladu