Marcel Moore

**Marcel Moore** (an haife ta **Suzanne Alberte Malherbe**, 19 ga Yuli 1892 - 19 ga Fabrairu 1972) ƙwararren mai zane ne na Faransa, mai zane, kuma mai ɗaukar hoto. Ita, tare da abokin aikinta na soyayya da kirkire-kirkire Claude Cahun, marubuci ne kuma mai ɗaukar hoto mai ban mamaki . 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Moore a Suzanne Alberte Malherbe a Nantes, Faransa a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 1892,  kuma ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Nantes. A shekarar 1909, tana da shekaru 17, Malherbe ta haɗu da Lucy Schwob mai shekaru 15 kuma ta fara haɗin gwiwa a fannin fasaha na tsawon rai.  Mahaifiyar Malherbe wadda mijinta ya mutu ta auri mahaifin Schwob da ya sake aure a shekarar 1917. Mai kula da gidan sarauta Tirza True Latimer ya yi hasashen cewa wannan dangantakar 'yar'uwa ta miji ba wai kawai ta ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwar ƙirƙirar 'yan matan ba ne, har ma ta sauƙaƙa dangantakar soyayyarsu.  Tsakanin 1920 da 1937, sun zauna a Paris, inda suka shiga cikin ƙungiyar surrealism kuma suka ba da gudummawa ga ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo na avant-garde.  Sun ɗauki sunayen maza: Malherbe ya zama Marcel Moore, kuma Schwob ya zama Claude Cahun .  Sun kasance tare har zuwa mutuwar Cahun a 1954. 

## Sana'a
A farkon shekarunta ashirin Moore ta yi aiki a matsayin mai zane-zane, tana samar da zane-zane masu kyau waɗanda salon japonism da yanayin salon Paris na shekarun 1910 suka yi tasiri a kansu.  An buga zane-zanen salon zamani nata a cikin jaridar *Phare de la Loire*, mallakar dangin Schwob.  Ta kuma yi aiki tare da mawaƙi Marc-Adolphe Guégan, tana samar da zane-zane ga littattafansa guda biyu: *L'Invitation à la fête primitive* (1921) da *Oya-Insula ou l'Enfant à la conque* (1923). 

An fi sanin Moore a matsayin abokin hulɗar Claude Cahun. An sake gano aikin daukar hoto na Cahun, wanda aka manta da shi tsawon shekaru da dama, a shekarun 1980 kuma an fassara shi a matsayin magajin hotunan kansa na Cindy Sherman na wasan kwaikwayo. [1] Duk da haka, ƙwararrun masana kimiyya na baya-bayan nan sun nuna cewa Moore ba wai kawai mai tarihi ba ne, har ma yana da hannu a ƙirƙirar wasu daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan Cahun. A cikin wani rubutu na nunin 2005-2006 Acting Out: Claude Cahun da Marcel Moore a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Frye da ke Seattle, mai kula da Tirza True Latimer ta yi jayayya cewa hotunan Cahun ba su da "hotunan kai" kamar haɗin gwiwa da Moore. [2] A wasu lokutan, suna ɗaukar hotunan juna suna ɗaukar hoto a cikin hoto ɗaya. [2] Inuwar Moore tana bayyane a wasu hotunan Cahun, tana nuna rawar da take takawa a bayan kyamara. [2]

Moore ya yi zane-zanen rubuce-rubucen Cahun a lokuta da dama. Don kundin waƙoƙin Cahun na 1919 *Vues et visions*, Moore ya ƙirƙiri zane-zanen alkalami da tawada irin na salon ado na Aubrey Beardsley .  Moore shine batun sadaukarwar Cahun, "Na keɓe wannan rubutun yara a gare ku, don dukan littafin ya zama naku kuma ta haka zane-zanenku za su iya fansar rubutuna a idanunmu."  A cikin 1930 Cahun da Moore sun buga littafi na biyu na ayoyi da zane-zane mai suna *Aveux non avenus*, wanda aka fassara kwanan nan a matsayin *Cancelled Confessions* .  Zane-zanen Moore na wannan aikin sun ƙunshi hotunan da aka haɗa da aka tattara daga hotunanta da yawa na Cahun, suna magana game da jigogi iri ɗaya na asali waɗanda za a iya karantawa a cikin ɗaukar hoto da waƙoƙin Cahun. 

## Ƙungiyoyin fafutuka
A shekarar 1937, Moore da Cahun sun ƙaura daga Paris zuwa Tsibirin Jersey, wataƙila don gujewa ƙaruwar ƙiyayya da siyasa da suka haifar da Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. Sun ci gaba da zama a Jersey lokacin da sojojin Jamus suka mamaye a shekarar 1940. Shekaru da dama, su biyun sun yi kasada da rayukansu ta hanyar rarraba farfagandar ƙiyayya da Nazi ga sojojin Jamus.  Moore ta iya Jamusanci sosai, kuma ta sami damar fassara bayanan sirri da saƙonnin da ita da Cahun suka rubuta zuwa Jamusanci, da fatan yaudarar sojojin mamaye su yi imani da cewa akwai makirci a tsibirin. Sau da yawa ita ce ta ɗauki mafi girman haɗari, tana saka bayananta a aljihun sojojin Jamus ko kuma ta bar su a cikin motocin ma'aikatan Jamus.  Kamar yadda masanin tarihi Jeffrey H. Jackson ya rubuta a cikin bincikensa na ƙarshe game da juriyarsu ta lokacin yaƙi *,* ga Cahun da Moore, "yaƙi da mamayar Jamusawa a Jersey shine ƙarshen yanayin juriya na rayuwa, wanda koyaushe yana da tasiri a siyasance a cikin dalilin 'yanci yayin da suke ƙirƙirar hanyar rayuwarsu ta tawaye a duniya tare. A gare su, siyasa koyaushe tana da zurfin sirri."  Duk da cewa sun koma ga sunayensu na asali kuma sun gabatar da kansu a matsayin 'yan'uwa mata a Jersey, an gano ayyukansu na adawa a shekarar 1944, kuma aka yanke musu hukuncin kisa aka kuma daure su. 'Yancin Jersey ya cece su a shekarar 1945, amma an kwace musu gida da kadarorinsu kuma Jamusawa sun lalata yawancin fasaharsu.

## Rayuwa daga baya
Lafiyar Claude Cahun ta yi tsanani a lokacin da aka tsare ta a lokacin yaƙi; Cahun ta mutu a shekarar 1954, bayan haka Moore ta koma wani ƙaramin gida.  Moore ta mutu ta hanyar kashe kanta a shekarar 1972.  An binne ta tare da abokin zamanta Cahun a Cocin St Brelade .

## Gado
A shekarar 2018, wani titi a birnin Paris, kusa da Notre-Dame-des-Champs inda Marcel da Claude suke zaune, ya ɗauki sunan " allée Claude Cahun–Marcel Moore "  a gundumar 6 ta babban birnin Faransa.

Littafin Rupert Thomson na shekarar 2018, Never Anonymous But You, ya dogara ne akan rayuwar Moore da Cahun a Paris da Jersey.

## Littattafan Tarihi (Turanci)

* Jeffrey H. Jackson, *Takardun Harsashi: Mawakan Biyu Waɗanda Suka Sa Rayuwarsu Cikin Hadari Don Yin Tir da Nazis* . New York: Littattafan Algonquin, 2020. 

## Manazarta