Zinha Vaz

**Francisca Maria Monteira e Silva Vaz Turpin**, wanda aka fi sani da **Zinha Vaz** (an haife ta a ranar  4 ga watan Oktoba 1952),  'yar fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata ne na Bissau-Guinean kuma 'yar siyasa. Ta kasance memba a Majalisar Jama'ar kasa na tsawon wa'adi da yawa da Resistance of Guinea-Bissau-Bafatá Movement, da kuma mai bawa shugaban kasa shawara. A 1999 ta yi aiki na ɗan lokaci kaɗan a matsayin magajin garin Bissau babban birnin ƙasar. An daure ta ne saboda dalilai na siyasa na shekaru uku a cikin shekarun 1970s da kuma a cikin 2003 kuma na kwanaki da yawa. Kwanan nan ta kasance jakadiya a Gambia.

## Ƙuruciya
An haifi Zinha Vaz a ranar 4 ga watan Oktoba 1952 a babban birnin kasar Bissau kuma ta yi karatu a kasar Portugal. Ta sami difloma a fannin ilimi daga Instituto Superior de Ciências Educativas da kuma ilimin zamantakewa daga Instituto Superior de Ciências do Trabalho e da Empresa.  Ta yi aiki a matsayin Malamar makarantar firamare a Portugal da Guinea-Bissau. Daga baya ta yi aiki da kamfanin iskar gas da man fetur na jihar DICOL a matsayin ma'ajin, shugabar ma'aikata da daraktan gudanarwa. 

## Sana'ar siyasa
A cikin shekarun 1970s Zinha Vaz ta yi suka kan tsarin jam'iyya daya da jam'iyyar Afirka ta kafa don 'yancin cin gashin kai na Guinea da Cape Verde (PAIGC) bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Guinea-Bissau daga Portugal a shekarar 1974. A lokacin mulkin shugaba Luís Cabral an daure ta tsakanin shekarun 1977 zuwa 1980.  Bayan da aka sake ta daga kurkuku Zinha Vaz ta ci gaba da fafutukar siyasa. A shekara ta 1986 an aiwatar da hukuncin kisa kan wasu manyan jami'an siyasa guda shida, ciki har da mataimakin shugaban kasa na farko da ministan shari'a Paulo Correia da tsohon babban lauya Viriato Pã. An zargi mutanen shida da yunkurin juyin mulki. Zinha Vaz ta zama mutum mai kafa kungiyar Resistance of Guinea-Bissau-Bafatá Movement (RGB-MB). 

### Resistance of Guinea-Bissau-Bafatá Movement
Bayan zaben farko na jam'iyyu da yawa a shekarar 1994, ta zama mamba a majalisar wakilan jama'ar kasa ta RGB-MB.  Jam'iyyar RGB-MB ta zama babbar jam'iyyar adawa a majalisar dokokin kasar, inda ta lashe kujeru 19 cikin 100. Zinha Vaz ta kasance daya daga cikin 'yan majalisa mata goma. Biyu daga cikin danginta kuma sun ci kujerun RGB-MB, ɗan'uwanta Fernando Vaz da ɗan uwanta Hélder Vaz Lopes.  A matsayinta na 'yar majalisar wakilai Zinha Vaz ta mayar da hankali kan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da cin zarafin jami'an gwamnati. Ta kuma yi kokarin kara inganta matsayin mata a cikin al'ummar Guinea-Bissau.  A matsayinta na mamba na kwamitin dindindin na majalisar dokokin kasar Zinha Vaz tayi kokarin shiga tsakani tsakanin shugaba João Bernardo Vieira da Birgediya-Janar kuma jagoran juyin mulkin Ansumane Mane a yakin basasar Guinea-Bissau na shekarun 1998-1999. 

A cikin watan Afrilu 1999 an nada Zinha Vaz a matsayin magajiyar garin Bissau babban birnin kasar.  Nadin da a ka yi a matsayin magajiyar gari ya haifar da tashin hankali a birnin na Bissau yayin da ake sa ran za a nada babban sakataren PAIGC Paulo Medina. Sojoji sun tare titi tare da kafa shingayen hanya.  Tun da farko Medina ta kasance magajiyar garin. Bayan da aka nada Zinha Vaz a matsayin magajiyar gari, ta yi kokarin shiga gine-gine don karbo takardu.  A lokacin da Zinha Vaz ta yi kokarin shiga zauren birnin ne wasu sojoji 24 dauke da na Uzi suka tare ta. Ta tarar a cikin hargitsi a cikin babban birnin kasar, na'urorin kwantar da tarzoma da magabata ya dauka, ba a biya albashin shekara guda ba, kuma duk babu kudi. Da yake karamar hukumar ba ta da komfutoci, ko kuma kudaden da za ta siya musu Zinha Vaz ta tambayi UNICEF ko za ta iya samun tsofaffin kwamfutoci daga gare su. A lokacin da ta ke kan karagar mulki ta kuma yi kokarin inganta tsarin tattara shara a birnin domin rage yiwuwar barkewar cutar kwalara. 

An sake zaben Zinha Vaz a Majalisar Dokokin kasar a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba 1999 kuma ta bar mukaminta na magajiyar gari.  A yayin zabukan gama gari Kumba Ialá na jam'iyyar Social Renewal ya lashe zaben shekarar shugaban kasa. An kafa gwamnatin hadaka karkashin Firayim Minista Caetano N'Tchama a shekara ta 2000 tare da taimakon RGB-MB kuma Zinha Vaz ta kasance mai ba da shawara ga shugaban kasa kan harkokin siyasa da diflomasiyya.  Sai dai kuma gwamnatin hadin guiwa ta fadi bayan shekara guda a daidai lokacin da ‘yan siyasar RGB-MB a majalisar dokokin kasar suka yi nasarar zartar da kudurin rashin amincewa. Mambobin RGB-MB biyar na majalisar ministocin sun janye, ciki har da dan uwanta Hélder Vaz Lopes (Ministan tattalin arziki da ci gaban yanki) da ɗan'uwan Fernando Vaz (Sakataren Sufuri na Jiha). 

A ranar 12 ga watan Fabrairun 2003 aka kama Zinha Vaz kuma aka tsare ta a ofishin 'yan sanda na Segunda Esquadra, saboda har yanzu tana 'yar majalisar dokokin kasar tana da kariya kuma kamawar ya sabawa doka.  Ta mayar da martani kan batancin da Shugaba Kumba Ialá ya yi wa mahaifinta, João Vaz. Ialá ya kira Vaz mai cin amana na jagoran ƙungiyoyin kishin ƙasa na Bissau-Guinean, Amílcar Cabral, zuwa PIDE na Portuguese.  Zinha Vaz ta mayar da martani da cewa, a lokacin da Kumba Ialá ke ci gaba da zama memba na PAIGC a shekarar 1986 ya yi tir da wadanda aka kashe a kisan da ya kai ga kafa RGB-MB.  An saki Zinha Vaz daga gidan yari kwanaki biyu bayan kama ta, an kuma sanya mata dokar hana fita har zuwa watan Yuli.  Ga Ialá lamarin ba shi da wani ƙarin sakamako yayin da yake son nada Zinha Vaz Ministar Harkokin Waje a ranar 31 ga watan Yuni 2003. Sai dai ta ki. 

### Ƙungiyar Patriotic ta Guinea
A shekarar 2003 RGB-MB ya rushe kuma Zinha Vaz ta bar jam'iyyar tare da 'yan uwanta.  Tare suka kafa Plataforma Unida, wadda ta wargaje bayan shekaru biyar. Bayan zaben majalisar wakilan jama'ar kasar ta shekarar 2004 ta kafa kungiyar Patriotic Union ta Guinea wadda ba ta shiga zaben shugaban kasa na 2005 ba, amma ta goyi bayan dan takarar PAIGC Malam Bacai Sanhá.  Sai dai ta yi rashin nasara ga tsohon shugaban kasa João Bernardo Vieira wanda aka tsige shi a yakin basasa na shekarun 1999-2000. Jam'iyyar Patriotic Union ita ce jam'iyya ta farko a Guinea-Bissau da wata mace ta kafa.  Kungiyar Patriotic Union ta kasar Guinea ta fafata a zaben 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar a shekara ta 2008 amma ba ta samu nasarar lashe kujeru ba, inda ta samu kashi 0,61% na kuri'un da aka kada.  Zinha Vaz ita ce 'yar takarar jam'iyyar don zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na shekarar 2009, ta ƙare tara na goma sha ɗaya. 

An nada Zinha Vaz jakada a Gambia ; ta yi aiki a wannan matsayin har zuwa 6 watan Nuwamba 2012. 

## Manazarta

## Ƙarin tushe

* Karibe Mendy, Peter & Lobban Jr. (2013). ''Kamus na Tarihi na Jamhuriyar Guinea-Bissau'' . Latsa Scarecrow. ISBN&nbsp; .