Carson Block

**Carson Cutler Block** (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Afrilu, 1977) ɗan Amurka ne mai saka hannun jari kuma mai fafutuka, wanda aka fi sani da wanda ya kafa Muddy Waters Research da Muddy Waters Capital, wani kamfanin bincike na saka hannun jari da asusun hedge .   Ayyukansa sun haɗa da kamfen ɗin manyan kamfanoni da aka yi ciniki da su a Arewacin Amurka, Turai, da Asiya.

Block ya fara samun karbuwa sosai a shekarar 2011 saboda bayar da rahotanni kan rashin bin ka'ida a Sino‑Forest, wani kamfanin gandun daji na kasar Sin da aka lissafa a Toronto wanda daga baya ya shiga kariyar fatara ta Kanada. An sanya shi cikin jerin " 50 Mafi Tasiri " na *Bloomberg Markets* a shekarar 2011. Ya kuma fito a cikin shirin gaskiya na shekarar 2017 mai suna *The China Hustle* kuma ya rubuta tare da *Doing Business in China For Dummies* (2007).

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Block a birnin New York kuma ya girma a Summit, New Jersey .  Mahaifinsa Bill Block masanin harkokin hannun jari ne kuma yana gudanar da WAB Capital, wani kamfanin bincike kan harkokin hannun jari wanda ke mai da hankali kan ƙananan kamfanoni, kuma mahaifiyarsa Grace Smith tana aiki a matsayin mai kula da bayanai na MetLife .      Iyayensa sun rabu lokacin da yake ɗan shekara shida.  Block ya kasance mai rashin yarda da Allah tun yana aji biyu. 

Ya sami digirin farko a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Kudancin California ('98).    A can, Block ya yi karatun Sinanci da Kasuwanci (yana mai da hankali kan Kudi).   Ya koma China bayan kammala kwaleji, a shekarar 1998. 

Daga baya Block ya koma Amurka, kuma ya yi aiki a fannin banki na saka hannun jari na tsawon watanni tara a shekarar 1999 a ofishin CIBC World Markets da ke Los Angeles.   Daga nan ya tafi aiki tare da mahaifinsa a tsakanin 1999 zuwa 2002, wani lokaci da ya bayyana a matsayin "abin takaici" domin an "yi masa ƙarya ta hanyar faretin gudanarwa" na kamfanonin intanet.      Ya daina nazarin daidaito don makarantar lauya.   

Daga nan ya halarci Kwalejin Shari'a ta Chicago-Kent, inda ya yi digirin JD ('05).    Ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa mai taimako a makarantar shari'a a shekarar 2008. 

## Sana'a
Bayan kammala karatun lauya, Block ya koma Shanghai, China, kuma ya yi aiki a fannin haɗaka da saye da kuma saka hannun jari kai tsaye a kamfanin lauyoyi na Jones Day daga 2005 zuwa 2006.   Ya zauna a Shanghai har zuwa 2010.   Ya bar Jones Day da aikin lauya don rubuta littafi tare da Robert Collins mai taken *Yin Kasuwanci a China don Dummies* .  Ya kuma kafa kasuwancin adana kansa a China a 2007.    

Ya kafa Muddy Waters Research, wani kamfanin bincike na masu zuba jari da kuma asusun hedge, kuma ya shahara da zargin da kuma rubuta ayyukan lissafin kuɗi na zamba a cikin kamfanonin China da ake ciniki a bainar jama'a waɗanda ke kasuwanci a Arewacin Amurka, kuma a matsayin ɗan kasuwa mai gajere .   

Ya kai hari kan kamfanin da ke kula da dazuzzukan kasar Sin mai suna Sino-Forest a shekarar 2011, inda ya zarge ta da wuce gona da iri kan mallakar katangar da ke hannunta.  Daga karshe kamfanin ya shigar da kara kan fatarar kudi. 

A shekarar 2011, an sanya Block a cikin jerin mutane 50 mafi tasiri a fannin tunani ta Bloomberg Markets . 

An nuna Block a cikin littafin Richard Teitelbaum na 2015 mai suna *The Most Hazard Trade: How Short Sellers Open Fraud, Keep Markets True, and Make and Sell Biliyoyi.*  A watan Satumba na 2017, ya fara shigar da ƙarar sirri a kan Equifax, yana zargin ta da sakaci wajen kare bayanan da ake iya gane ta.  Ya bayyana a cikin shirin kuɗi na 2017 *mai suna The China Hustle*, yana bayyana bincikensa kan zamba ta hannun kamfanonin China ta hanyar Muddy Waters.  A farkon 2018, ya sasanta wata ƙara da St. Jude Medical Inc. 

Ya zuwa watan Afrilun 2021, an cire kamfanoni takwas daga cikin waɗanda Block ya fallasa a matsayin waɗanda suka yi zamba a cikin kasuwar hannayen jari, kuma wasu kamfanoni biyu irin wannan sun warware tuhume-tuhumen da masu kula da su.  A cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata, Muddy Waters ta sami ribar shekara-shekara ta kashi 19% (bayan kuɗin gudanarwa (2.5%) da kuɗin aiki (30%).

A shekarar 2022, Block ya rubuta wani farar takarda mai taken "Ruguza Shorts," inda ya ce mataimakin farfesa Joshua Mitts na Columbia, wanda ya rubuta bincike game da masu sayar da gajerun kaya wanda ya yi jayayya cewa wasu 'yan gajerun ayyuka na yaudara ne a kasuwa, ya rubuta bincike wanda "ya yi kuskure sosai, wataƙila har ya zama zamba".    Ya kira aikin Mitts "wani abin zargi mara tushe, mai cike da rikici bisa ga kuskuren bayanai, gabatar da bayanai na zaɓe, da rashin ingancin ilimi.   Ya miƙa takardar ga Hukumar Tsaro da Musayar Kuɗi, da sauransu.  

A shekarar 2024, hukumomin Amurka sun rufe binciken farar hula da na laifuka kan ayyukan Block ba tare da wani mataki ba. 

## Manazarta