Abdelaziz Bouteflika

**Abdelaziz Bouteflika** lafazin magana;  [ʕabd elʕaziːz buːtefliːqa] ; 2 Maris 1937 - 17 Satumban shekarar 2021) ɗan siyasan Aljeriya ne kuma jami'in diflomasiyya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Aljeriya daga 1999 zuwa murabus a 2019.

Kafin ya zama dan siyasar Aljeriya, Bouteflika ya yi aiki a lokacin yakin Aljeriya a matsayin memba na kungiyar 'yantar da kasa ta kasa . Bayan da Aljeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Faransa, ya rike mukamin ministan harkokin wajen kasar daga shekarar 1963 zuwa 1979. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a lokacin zaman 1974-1975. A shekara ta 1983 an same shi da laifin satar miliyoyin dinari daga ofisoshin jakadancin Algeria a lokacin da yake gudanar da harkokin diflomasiyya.

A shekarar 1999 ne aka zaɓi Bouteflika a matsayin shugaban kasar Aljeriya da gagarumin rinjaye. Zai sake lashe zabe a 2004, 2009, da 2014 . A matsayinsa na shugaban kasa, ya jagoranci kawo karshen yakin basasar Aljeriya a shekara ta 2002 lokacin da ya karbi aikin shugabar magabacinsa Liamine Zéroual, kuma ya kawo karshen dokar ta-baci a watan Fabrairun 2011 a cikin rikicin yankin . Bayan bugun jini a cikin 2013, Bouteflika ya yi 'yan fitowar jama'a a duk tsawon wa'adinsa na hudu, inda ya fito na karshe a 2017. 

Bouteflika ya yi murabus a ranar 2 ga Afrilun shekarar 2019 bayan shafe watanni ana zanga-zangar gama gari . Ya shafe kusan shekaru 20 akan karagar mulki, shi ne shugaban kasar Aljeriya mafi dadewa akan karagar mulki.  Bayan murabus din nasa, Bouteflika ya zama mai neman mafaka kuma ya mutu yana da shekaru 84 a shekara ta 2021, sama da shekaru biyu bayan murabus dinsa.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi

An kuma haifi Abdelaziz Bouteflika a ranar 2 ga Maris ɗin shekarar 1937 a birnin Oujda na kasar Faransa. Shi ɗa ne ga Mansouria Ghezlaoui da Ahmed Bouteflika daga Tlemcen, Aljeriya. Yana da ’yan’uwa mata uku (Fatima, Yamina, da Aïcha), da kuma ’yan’uwa huɗu (Abdelghani, Mustapha, Abderahim, da Saïd) da ’yar’uwa ɗaya (Latifa).  Saïd Bouteflika, mai shekaru 20 a karaminsa, daga baya za a nada shi mai ba da shawara na musamman ga dan uwansa a cikin 1999. Ba kamar Saïd, wanda ya girma galibi a Tlemcen,  Abdelaziz ya girma a Oujda, inda mahaifinsa ya yi hijira yana ƙarami.  Dan shehin zaouia, ya kware a karatun Alqur'ani  Ya ci gaba da halartar makarantu uku a Oudja: Sidi Ziane, El Hoceinia, da Abdel Moumen High Schools, inda rahotanni suka ce ya yi fice a fannin ilimi.  Kuma yana da alaka da Qadiriyya Zaouia a garin Oujda. 

A cikin 1956, Bouteflika ya tafi ƙauyen Ouled Amer kusa da Tlemcen, daga baya ya shiga - yana da shekaru 19 - Rundunar 'Yancin Ƙasa, wanda reshe ne na soja na National Liberation Front .  Ya sami ilimin soja a École des Cadres a Dar El Kebdani, Maroko.  A cikin shekarar 1957-1958, an nada shi a matsayin mai kula da Wilaya V,  yana ba da rahotanni kan yanayin iyakar Moroko da yammacin Aljeriya, amma daga baya ya zama sakataren gudanarwa na Houari Boumédiène . Ya zama ɗaya daga cikin abokan aikinsa na kusa kuma babban memba na rukuninsa na Oujda.  A cikin 1960, an nada shi jagorancin ƙungiyar Mali a kudancin Aljeriya kuma ya shahara da sunan sa na Abdelkader al-Mali, wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa yau.  A shekara ta 1962, a lokacin da 'yancin kai ya zo, ya hada kai da Boumédienne da sojojin kan iyaka don goyon bayan Ahmed Ben Bella a kan gwamnatin wucin gadi ta Jamhuriyar Aljeriya .

## Sana'a

Bayan samun 'yancin kai a shekara ta 1962, Bouteflika ya zama mataimakin Tlemcen a majalisar wakilai kuma ministan matasa da wasanni a gwamnatin Ahmed Ben Bella ; a shekara mai zuwa, an nada shi Ministan Harkokin Waje. 

Ya kasance babban jigo a juyin mulkin soja karkashin jagorancin Houari Boumediene wanda ya hambarar da Ben Bella a ranar 19 ga Yuni 1965.  Bouteflika ya ci gaba da zama ministan harkokin waje har zuwa mutuwar shugaba Boumédienne a shekara ta 1978. 

Ya kuma zama shugaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a 1974 da kuma na musamman na bakwai a 1975,  ya zama mafi karancin shekaru da ya yi hakan.  Aljeriya a wannan lokacin ita ce shugabar kungiyar 'yan ba ruwanmu .  A can ya tattauna da Henry Kissinger a tattaunawar farko tsakanin Amurka da jami'an Aljeriya tun bayan da aka dawo da huldar diflomasiya tsakanin kasashen biyu. 

A cikin 1981, an tuhume shi da laifin satar kudaden ofisoshin jakadancin Algeria tsakanin 1965 zuwa 1979.  A ranar 8 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1983, kotun masu binciken kudi ta yanke wa Bouteflika hukunci, kuma ta same shi da laifin zamba da karbar dinari miliyan 60 a lokacin aikinsa na diflomasiyya.  Shugaba Chadli Bendjedid ya yi wa Bouteflika afuwa, an daure abokan aikinsa Senouci da Boudjakdji.  Bayan afuwar, an mayar wa Bouteflika fasfo dinsa na diflomasiyya, wani gidan Villa da ya ke zama amma ba shi da shi, kuma an shafe dukkan basussukan da ya ke bi.  Bai taba biyan kudin ba "ya tanada don sabon ginin ma'aikatar harkokin waje". 

### Gwagwarmayar nasara da gudun hijira

Bayan mutuwar Boumédienne a shekara ta 1978 ba zato ba tsammani, ana kallon Bouteflika a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan 'yan takara biyu da za su gaji shugaban kasa mai iko.  Ana tunanin Bouteflika na wakiltar "reshen dama" na jam'iyyar da ya fi bude kofar yin garambawul ga tattalin arziki da kusantar kasashen Yamma.  Kanar Mohamed Salah Yahiaoui ya wakilci bangaren hagu na "boumédiennist".  A ƙarshe, sojoji sun zaɓi ɗan takarar sasantawa, babban hafsan soja Kanar Chadli Bendjedid .  An sake nada Bouteflika a matsayin karamin minista, amma a jere ya rasa mulki yayin da manufofin Bendjedid na "de-Boumédiennisation" suka mayar da tsohon mai gadin saniyar ware. 

Bayan shekaru shida a kasar waje, sojojin sun dawo da shi cikin kwamitin tsakiya na jam'iyyar FLN a shekarar 1989, bayan da kasar ta shiga cikin mawuyacin hali na tashe-tashen hankula da yunkurin kawo sauyi, inda aka yi ta gwabza fada tsakanin Bendjedid da gungun janar-janar na sojojin kasar suka gurgunta shawarar. - yin.

A cikin 1992, tsarin gyara ya ƙare ba zato ba tsammani lokacin da sojoji suka karɓi mulki suka yi watsi da zaɓen da ke gab da kawo ƙungiyar ceton Musulunci mai tsattsauran ra'ayi.  Wannan ya haifar da yakin basasa wanda zai dawwama a cikin 1990s.  A cikin wannan lokaci, Bouteflika ya kasance a gefe, ba tare da fitowa a cikin kafofin watsa labaru ba kuma ba ya taka rawar siyasa.  A watan Janairun 1994, an ce Bouteflika ya ki amincewa da shawarar Sojoji na ya gaji shugaban da aka kashe, Mohamed Boudiaf ; daga baya ya yi ikirarin cewa hakan ya faru ne saboda sojojin ba za su ba shi cikakken iko a kan sojojin ba.   Madadin haka, Janar Liamine Zéroual ya zama shugaban kasa.  

### Wa'adin farko na Shugaban kasa, 1999-2004

A shekara ta 1999, bayan da Zéroual ya yi murabus ba zato ba tsammani ya sanar da zaɓe da wuri, Bouteflika ya yi nasarar tsayawa takarar shugaban ƙasa a matsayin ɗan takara mai zaman kansa, wanda sojoji ke mara masa baya.  Dukkan sauran ‘yan takarar dai sun janye daga zaben ne nan take gabanin kada kuri’a, saboda matsalar magudi.  Daga bisani Bouteflika ya shirya kuri'ar raba gardama kan manufofinsa na maido da zaman lafiya da tsaro a kasar Aljeriya (wanda ya hada da yin afuwa ga 'yan kishin Islama) da kuma gwada goyon bayansa a tsakanin 'yan kasarsa bayan zaben da aka gwabza.  Ya lashe zaben ne da kashi 81% na kuri'un da aka kada, sai dai kuma 'yan adawa sun yi sabani da wannan adadi. 

### Manufar harkokin waje
 

Bouteflika ya jagoranci kungiyar hadin kan Afirka a shekara ta 2000, ya tabbatar da yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta Algiers tsakanin Eritrea da Habasha, kuma ya goyi bayan kokarin samar da zaman lafiya a yankin manyan tabkunan Afirka .  Ya kuma kulla yarjejeniyar abota da Spain da ke kusa a 2002, kuma ya yi maraba da shugaban kasar Faransa Jacques Chirac a ziyarar aiki a Algiers a 2003.   An yi niyya ne a matsayin share fage ga sa hannun yarjejeniyar abokantaka. 

## Manazarta