Gwaje-gwaje Masu Kyau

**Fair Trials** kungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ba ta gwamnati ba wacce ke aiki don gwaji mai adalci bisa ga ka'idojin adalci na kasa da kasa da kuma haƙƙin shari'ar adalci, gano inda shari'ar aikata laifuka ta kasa, faɗakar da duniya game da matsalolin, da warware waɗannan batutuwa ta hanyar kamfen, bayar da shawarwari da shari'ar dabarun.  Har ila yau, yana gina ikon shari'a na yanki ta hanyar horo da aka yi niyya, jagoranci da ayyukan cibiyar sadarwa,  daidaita cibiyar sadarwa ta masana shari'ar shari'a ta aikata laifuka  da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na Turai da ake kira JUSTICIA.

## Tarihi
Lauyan Stephen Jakobi ne ya kafa Fair Trials a cikin 1992 (a ƙarƙashin sunan Fair Trials Abroad) a matsayin martani ga shari'ar Karen Smith, ɗan ƙasar Burtaniya da aka kama a Thailand saboda safarar miyagun ƙwayoyi. Yanzu ya tsara kansa a matsayin "mai kula da shari'ar aikata laifuka na duniya".

## Ayyukan yanzu
Yankunan da Fair Trials ke aiki sune:

**Tsayawa kafin shari'a**

Tun daga shekara ta 2011, Fair Trials ya yi kamfen don ka'idojin haƙƙin ɗan adam na duniya game da tsare-tsaren kafin shari'a don a fahimci shi sosai kuma a yi amfani da shi a aikace. Wannan ya fara ne da rahoton 2011,  wanda rahoto na 2014 ya biyo baya.  Wadannan rahotanni sun yi kira ga karɓar mafi ƙarancin ƙa'idodin EU a kan tsare-tsare kafin shari'a, gami da:

* Tabbatar da cewa hanyar yanke shawara kafin shari'a ta bi dukkan fannoni na haƙƙin shari'a mai adalci;
* Ba ta amfani da extradition har sai shari'o'in sun shirya gwaji;
* Yin la'akari da daidaito na tsare da kuma amfani da madadin tsare kafin shari'a;
* Tabbatar da cewa ana ba wa waɗanda aka tsare dama mafi kyau don shirya don shari'a, ta hanyar kare yanayin tsare-tsare.

**Rubuce-rubucen ciniki ('Rubuce-bambance na shari'a') **

Fair Trials ya yi bincike kan amfani da sasantawa na neman gafara, wanda aka fi sani da "yancin gwaji", kamfen don "hanyar da ta dogara da haƙƙin" ga tsarin yin watsi da gwaji. Sun daidaita bincike a fadin kasashe 90, suna kimanta tasirin shari'a da haƙƙin ɗan adam da kuma ba da shawarwari a cikin rahoto, "The Disappearing Trial".

**Hakkin tsaro na EU**

Fair Trials yana da alhakin samar da cikakkun rahotanni da bayanan manufofi  ga masu tsara manufofin EU. Ya yi aiki don aiwatar da dokar EU yadda ya kamata, ta hanyar shari'a da horo na dabarun  kuma ya taimaka wa mutane su sami damar samun ƙwarewar gida ta hanyar samar da "Notes of Advice"  kan ayyukan aikata laifuka da tsarin adalci a Turai. Bugu da ƙari, Jarabawar Gaskiya ta kafa Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Masana Shari'a (LEAP),  wanda shine cibiyar sadarwa ta EU ta masana a cikin shari'ar aikata laifuka da haƙƙin ɗan adam da ke aiki don inganta hadin gwiwar shari'a mai kyau a cikin Turai, da kuma sanar da aikin EU kan shari'ar laifi.

**Canjin fitarwa**

Ayyukan Fair Trials a wannan yanki an mayar da hankali kan kamfen don sake fasalin Yarjejeniyar Arrest ta Turai, tsarin saurin wucewa don mika mutane daga wata ƙasa ta EU zuwa wata.

Fair Trials ya nuna wasu shari'o'i  wanda ke nuna cewa tsarin Yarjejeniyar Arrest na Turai yana lalata haƙƙin shari'ar adalci.  Musamman, Fair Trials ya yi zargin cewa:

* An bayar da takardar shaidar tsare-tsare ta Turai shekaru da yawa bayan an aikata laifin da ake zargi.
* Da zarar an bayar da warrants babu wata hanya mai tasiri ta cire su, koda bayan an ki amincewa da mika su.
* An yi amfani da su don aika mutane zuwa wata kasashe membobin EU don yin hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku sakamakon shari'ar rashin adalci.
* An yi amfani da takardun shaida don tilasta wa mutum ya fuskanci shari'a lokacin da tuhumar ta dogara ne akan shaidar da aka samu ta hanyar zalunci na 'yan sanda.
* Wani lokaci mutanen da aka mika wuya a karkashin Yarjejeniyar Arrest dole ne su kwashe watanni ko ma shekaru a tsare kafin su iya bayyana a kotu don tabbatar da rashin laifi.

## Ayyukan shari'a
A farkon shekarunta, Fair Trials sun yi amfani da su don samar da tallafin shari'a, taimakawa kusan mutane 500 a kowace shekara da kuma samar da taimako a kusan shari'o'i 50 a kowane lokaci. Ya yi amfani da cibiyar sadarwa ta lauyoyi da hulɗa na diflomasiyya, siyasa da kafofin watsa labarai don yin kira a madadin abokan ciniki. Ba ta caji abokan ciniki don sabis ɗin da take bayarwa ba.

Fair Trials sun ba da taimako a kan manyan shari'o'i da yawa  ciki har da shari'ar mai kula da yara ta Ingila Louise Woodward wacce, a cikin 1997, aka kama ta a Amurka saboda kisan kai, bayan mutuwar jariri a cikin kulawarta.  An sami Woodward da laifin kisan kai na biyu, kodayake an rage hukuncin ta a kan roko yayin da kotun ta gano cewa babu wani mugunta a cikin ayyukan Louise kuma cewa "ba da izinin wannan wanda ake tuhuma a kan wannan shaidar ya ci gaba da yanke masa hukunci na kisan kai ta biyu zai zama rashin adalci. "  A cikin 2007, shekaru 10 bayan haka, babban mai gabatar da kara ya sauya shaidarsa yana cewa: "kimiyya da muke da ita a yau na iya, a zahiri, ya wanke Louise. 

Sauran manyan shari'o'i sun hada da

**Ian Stillman**: A watan Agustan 2000, an kama ma'aikacin agaji kurma Ian Stillman a Indiya saboda safarar kilo 20 na wiwi bayan an gano miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin taksi. Kullum yana ci gaba da kasancewa marar laifi. Fair Trials ya yi kamfen don a sake shi kuma a 2002 an sake shi bayan ya kwashe shekaru biyu a kurkuku.

Greek Plane Spotters: A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2001, an kama wani rukuni na 12 na Birtaniya da biyu na jirgin sama na Dutch bisa zargin leken asiri bayan sun dauki bayanai a lokacin budewa a wani sansanin Sojojin Sama na Girka. An same su da laifi a shekara ta 2002. Kotunan Girka sun soke hukuncin a kan daukaka kara.

Ghana Girls: A watan Yulin 2007, an kama 'yan mata biyu masu shekaru 16, Yetunde Diya da Yasemin Vatansever, saboda mallakar kilo shida na cocaine a filin jirgin saman Accra a Ghana. 'Yan matan sun yi iƙirarin cewa ba su san cewa suna dauke da kwayoyi ba. Tare da taimakon daga Fair Trials International (kamar yadda aka sani a lokacin), 'yan matan sun sami hukuncin ɗaurin shekara guda kawai maimakon matsakaicin hukuncin shekaru uku.

**Andrew Symeou**: A watan Yulin shekara ta 2008, dalibi na Burtaniya Andrew Syme ou an zarge shi da kashe mai yin hutu a tsibirin Girka. Kodayake shaidar da aka yi masa ba ta da kyau kuma ana iya tabbatar da rashin laifi, an mika shi zuwa Girka a kan Yarjejeniyar Arrest ta Turai kuma an tsare shi a kurkuku na shekara guda kafin a wanke shi a 2011.

## Manazarta