Jam'iyyar Socialist ta Senegal

Jam'iyyar Socialist Party of Senegal (Faransanci: Parti Socialiste du Sénégal, PS) jam'iyya ce ta siyasa a Senegal . Ita ce jam'iyya mai mulki a Senegal daga 'yancin kai a 1960 har zuwa 2000. A shekara ta 2000, dan takarar jam'iyyar kuma shugaban da ya gabata, Abdou Diof, ya ci nasara da shugaban Jam'iyyar Democrat ta Senegal, Abdoulaye Wade . 

Ousmane Tanor Dieng ya kasance Sakatare na farko na Jam'iyyar Socialist ta Senegal tun 1996 kuma ya kasance dan takarar shugaban kasa a 2007 da 2012. Mafi sanannun jam'iyyar shine Léopold Sédar Senghor, shugaban farko na Senegal. Manufar Jam'iyyar Socialist Party of Senegal ita ce yin aiki a kan aiwatar da tsarin zamantakewar dimokuradiyya a cikin yanayin siyasa na Senegal. Aiwatar da zamantakewar dimokuradiyya ta haɗa da kafa al'umma mai budewa, dimokuradiya, da jin kai yayin adana asalin Afirka. Tun daga shekara ta 1976, Jam'iyyar Socialist Party ta Senegal ita ce zaɓin jam'iyyar Socialism na kasar.

Jam'iyyar Socialist Party ta Senegal cikakken memba ne na Socialist International . Ya zuwa 2018, akwai kimanin mambobi miliyan 1.2 na jam'iyya.

## Tarihin siyasa
An fara kirkirar Jam'iyyar Socialist Party ta Senegal a shekarar 1958 kafin Senegal ta sami 'yancin kai. Leopold Sedar Senghor ne ya kafa jam'iyyar kuma tana cikin iko a ƙarƙashinsa a siyasa daga 1960 zuwa 1980.  Jam'iyyar Socialist Party ta Senegal da farko an san ta da Senegalese Progressive Union (Union Progressiste Senegalaise, UPS).  Senghor ya kafa jam'iyyar Senegalese Democratic Bloc a 1948 kuma a 1958 ta haɗu da wata jam'iyya ta siyasa don zama UPS. UPS ta zama jam'iyyar da ke mulki a Senegal a shekarar 1960 da zarar an sami 'yancin kai. An san UPS a hukumance da Jam'iyyar Socialist Party of Senegal tun daga shekara ta 1976.

Lokacin da Senegal ta sami 'yancin kai a shekarar 1960, an zabi Senghor a matsayin shugaban sabuwar tsarin jamhuriya ta Senegal. An zabe shi shugaban kasa a ranar 5 ga Satumba 1960.  Ya yi aiki a Majalisar Dokokin Faransa tun 1945, saboda haka ya riga ya sami kwarewar siyasa lokacin da aka zabe shi shugaban kasa. A farkon shekarun 1960, akwai kishiyar mutum da siyasa tsakanin Shugaba Senghor da Firayim Minista Mamadoua Dia. A shekara ta 1962, an yi yunkurin juyin mulki. Dia ta yarda da zargi kuma an tura ta kurkuku a sakamakon haka. Sabon kundin tsarin mulki ya fara aiki a 1963 kuma tsarin majalisa dokokin Senegal ya zama tsarin shugaban kasa na tsakiya. A shekara ta 1963, Senghor ya yi takara ba tare da hamayya ba don shugaban kasa kuma saboda haka ya ci nasara. A shekara ta 1966, an dauki Senegal a matsayin jam'iyya daya. Wannan ya faru ne saboda Senghor yana gudana ba tare da hamayya ba a matsayin shugaban kasa kuma kwanciyar hankali na tattalin arzikin Senegal ya fara ɓacewa. Senegal ta dogara sosai da noman man shanu kuma wannan tushen kwanciyar hankali na tattalin arziki yana raguwa. Gwamnatin jam'iyya daya ta hana rikicin tattalin arziki mai yawa kuma ta tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali a Senegal, wanda ke jan hankalin mutane a kasar. A cikin shekarun 1990s, an kalubalanci matsayin Senegal a matsayin dimokuradiyya saboda kamar ba zai yiwu a cire Jam'iyyar Socialist ta Senegal daga ofis ba.

Babu wata adawa ta siyasa ta doka ga Jam'iyyar Socialist ta Senegal har zuwa 1974, wanda shine lokacin da Abdoulaye Wade ya sami izinin doka daga Senghor don ƙirƙirar sabuwar jam'iyya. Ya kirkiro Jam'iyyar Democrat ta Senegal .  Farawa a shekara ta 1978, jam'iyyar Wade ta fara samun kujeru a Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa. Wannan shine farkon Senegal da ke motsawa daga tsarin jam'iyya guda daya zuwa tsarin da ya fi gasa. Leopold Sedar Senghor da son rai ya yi murabus daga matsayin shugaban kasa a 1980 kuma Abdou Diouf ya zo mulki a matsayin wanda aka zaba a matsayin magajin Senghor. Senghor ya zama shugaban kasar Afirka na farko da ya yi ritaya da son rai.

A cikin zaben shugaban kasa na 2000, an ci jam'iyyar Socialist Party of Senegal kuma ba ta zama jam'iyya mai mulki a karo na farko cikin shekaru 40 ba. Abdou Diouf, mai shekaru 19 na jam'iyyar Socialist Party, Abdoulaye Wade ya ci nasara. Cire Diouf daga ofis ta hanyar zabe ya karya ikon siyasa da Jam'iyyar Socialist ke da shi a Senegal kuma ya taimaka wajen kafa Senegal a matsayin daya daga cikin kasashen Afirka da ke da mafi kyawun dimokuradiyya. Senegal ta zama ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen Afirka na farko da suka cire shugaban gwamnati ta hanyar jefa kuri'a maimakon juyin mulki ko matakan tashin hankali. Wade ya kasance dan takara daga Jam'iyyar Democrat ta Senegal kuma ya kasance shugaban jam'iyyar adawa ta siyasa a kan Jam'iyyar Socialist na kimanin shekaru 25.

A cikin zaben shugaban kasa na 2007 da 2012, Ousmane Tanor Dieng ya yi takara ba tare da nasara ba. A shekara ta 2007, Jam'iyyar Socialist ta shiga cikin kauracewa zaben 'yan majalisa na Yuni 2007 kuma ba ta rike kujeru a Majalisar Dokoki ba tun lokacin. Tun daga shekara ta 2012 jam'iyyar ta yi takara a zaben 'yan majalisa a matsayin wani ɓangare na hadin gwiwar United in Hope, hadin gwiwarsa na mafi rinjaye na shugaban kasa don tallafawa Macky Sall.

## Sakamakon zaben

### Zaben shugaban kasa
Senegal jamhuriya ce mai shugabancin. Ana zabar shugaban kasa a kowace shekara 7 (a baya a kowace shekara 5 har zuwa 2001 kuma tsakanin 2007 da 2012) ta hanyar manya na Senegal. Zaben shugaban kasa na Senegal na 2000 ya kawo karshen shekaru 40 na mulkin jam'iyyar Socialist Party of Senegal. Dan takarar jam'iyyar, shugaban kasar Abdou Diouf, shugaban Jam'iyyar Democrat ta Senegal, Abdoulaye Wade, ya ci shi a zagaye na biyu na jefa kuri'a. Diouf ya sami mafi yawan kuri'u, 41.3%, a zagaye na farko, amma a zagaye ya biyu ya sami 41.51% kawai a kan Wade. Ousmane Tanor Dieng ya kasance dan takarar jam'iyyar a Zaben shugaban kasa na Senegal na 2007; ya dauki matsayi na uku tare da kashi 13.56% na kuri'un. Ya kuma kasance dan takara a Zaben shugaban kasa na Senegal na 2012 kuma ya sake rasa. A cikin Zaben shugaban kasa na Senegal na 2019, jam'iyyar ba ta gabatar da dan takara ba.

## Manazarta