Isaac Ladipo Oluwole

**Isaac Ladipo Oluwole** (1892 – 1953) wani likita ne ɗan Najeriya  wanda ya kawo muhimman cigaba ga ayyukan kiwon lafiyar jama'a a Najeriya.   

## Shekarun farko
Isaac Ladipo Oluwole an haife shi a shekarar 1892, ɗan Bishop na Anglican Isaac Oluwole da Abigal Johnson, malamin kiɗa.    Mahaifinsa shi ne shugaban makarantar CMS Grammar School, Legas a lokacin da aka haife shi. Ya taso ne a gidan kiristoci wanda kuma salon Victorian na Legas ya rinjayi shi a ƙarni na sha takwas.  Ya yi karatun Grammar School a takaice kafin ya koma King's College. Shi da James Churchill Vaughan dukansu suna cikin ɗaliban farko a Kwalejin King, Legas lokacin da aka buɗe ta a cikin watan Satumba 1909. Oluwole shi ne Babban Shugaban Makarantar na farko.
Later Oluwole and Vaughan both went to the University of Glasgow in 1913 to study Medicine.
The two students were conspicuous by their colour, and were subject to racial prejudice. Oluwole was called "Darkness visible" after the phrase from Milton's *[[Paradise Lost]]*.  Daga baya Oluwole da Vaughan dukansu sun tafi Jami'ar Glasgow a shekarar 1913 don yin karatun likitanci.  Daliban biyu sun yi fice ta launinsu, kuma sun kasance ana nuna musu wariyar launin fata. An kira Oluwole "Duhu a bayyane" bayan kalmar Milton 's *Paradise Lost*. 

Bayan kammala karatunsa a matsayin MB, ChB a shekarar 1918, Oluwole ya dawo Najeriya.  Ya tafi aikin gama-gari a Abeokuta na wasu shekaru, sannan ya koma Glasgow ya dauki DPH dinsa.  Yayin da yake Abeokuta, ya kafa tsarin aikin likita na gama-gari inda ya karbi marasa lafiya a ofishinsa ko kuma ya ziyarce su a gidansu.  A lokacin zamansa a Abeokuta, ya tsunduma cikin wasu ayyukan al’umma. Ya kafa rundunonin sa ido na maza a shekarar 1923; sojojin sun tarbi Yariman Wales a lokacin da ya ziyarci Abeokuta.

## Jami'in lafiya
A shekarar 1922, Majalisar Garin Legas wacce a baya Turawa ke mamaye da ita ta buɗe kofa ga sabbin zababbun mambobin Afirka. Sabbin mambobin sun fara yunkurin daukar wani jami’in kiwon lafiya na Afirka aiki a hukumar lafiya ta karamar hukumar Legas. A shekara ta 1924, majalisar ta yanke shawarar daukar wani ɗan Afirka da zai iya jin yaren gida; Oluwole da wasu biyu ne suka nemi wannan matsayi. Oluwole ya samu nasara amma kafin ya fara aiki sai da ya kara samun horo kan harkokin kula da lafiyar jama'a.  A cikin shekarar 1925, ya fara aiki a matsayin mataimakin jami'in lafiya na farko na Afirka a Legas. 

A cikin shekarar 1917, Legas ta zartar da dokar kula da lafiyar jama'a, jerin ka'idojin kiwon lafiya don inganta tsafta a cikin birni. Duk da haka, aiwatar da dokokin ya sami cikas saboda ƙarancin adadin ma'aikatan da aka horar da su.  Daga nan Oluwole ya kafa Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta farko a Najeriya, a Yaba, Legas, yana ba da horo ga masu sa ido na tsafta daga sassan Najeriya. Bayan kammala karatun sun sami Diploma na Royal Institute of Public Health, London. Ya sake shirya hanyoyin duba tsaftar muhalli a tashar jirgin ruwa ta Legas domin dakile yaduwar cutar bubonic.  Ya kuma kafa hukumar kula da lafiya ta Yammacin Afirka ta Royal Society of Health wacce ta zama ginshikin ka'idojin kiwon lafiyar jama'a a Najeriya. 

Annobar da ta barke a garuruwan da ba su da tsafta a Legas, ta yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane da dama a tsakanin shekarun 1924 zuwa 1930. An ruguje da yawa daga cikin guraren marasa galihu, lamarin da ya tilastawa mazaunan su sake tsugunar da su cikin unguwannin da ba su da tsari.

## Ilimin lafiyar jama'a
Daga cikin nasarorin da aka samu, Oluwole ya buɗe ma'aikatar kula da titin Massey, ya kwato tsibiran fadama don taimakawa wajen yaki da zazzabin cizon sauro da kuma gina sabon mahauta domin inganta tsaftar abinci.  Oluwole ya fara aikin kula da lafiya na makaranta a Legas a 1925.  Ya gabatar da duba tsafta da kuma allurar rigakafin yara akai-akai.  An naɗa Oluwole Jami’in Lafiya a 1936.

### Maganin haihuwa da kula da yara
Ta hanyar kokarin Oluwole, Majalisar Garin Legas ta kafa Cibiyar Massey a shekarar 1926. An ƙirƙiri sashin sabis na kula da mata masu juna biyu da jin daɗin yara don zama wani ɓangare na sabon sashin. Wannan shi ne mataki na farko a cikin birnin don samar da wani shiri na musamman na kula da haihuwa da kuma yara a cikin sashen kula da lafiyar jama'a na Legas. Babban makasudin sabon asibitin mata masu juna biyu shi ne rage yawan mace-macen yara da mata masu juna biyu a Legas.  Daga shekarun 1926 zuwa 1930, Massey dispensary ya kirkiro shirye-shirye irin wadannan asibitocin jin dadin jarirai wadanda ake gudanar da su sau uku a mako-mako da kuma shirya sashen yara. Sakamakon nasarar asibitin Massey an kafa wani asibitin ga mazauna babban yankin Legas a Ebute Metta. Asibitin ya kuma shirya shirye-shirye don kula da maziyartan lafiya da kuma matan aure wadanda ke ba marasa lafiya shawara a lokutan asibiti. Maziyartan lafiyar sun kuma ziyarci marasa lafiyan da aka sallame su domin duba lafiyarsu da inganta harkokin kiwon lafiya.

### Makarantar Sabis na Lafiya
Oluwole ya kuma maida hankalinsa kan yaran da suka kai makaranta. Ko da yake, ana koyar da tsafta a makarantu da yawa, galibi na ka'ida ne kuma ba shi da fa'ida mai amfani da gani. A shekarar 1927 ya ziyarci makarantu kusan 57 a yankin Legas inda ya duba yanayin tsaftar makarantun; Bayan shekara guda ya yi irin wannan tafiye-tafiye. Oluwole ya ga wasu nakasu a yanayin tsaftar makarantun sannan ya ba da shawarar wasu magunguna. A cikin shekarar 1930, an kafa dokoki waɗanda suka wajaba don duba tsaftar makarantu na wajibi da kuma duba lafiyar ɗalibai a duk bayan shekaru uku.  Babban makasudin shine gano cututtukan da wasu yara suka kamu da su, don ba da magani don rage cututtuka da kuma ilmantar da malaman makaranta game da ingantattun hanyoyin kiwon lafiya da tsafta.

A cikin shekarar 1940 an ba Oluwole lambar yabo ta Daular Birtaniya  (OBE). Lokacin da ya rasu a shekarar 1953 an san shi a matsayin uban kiwon lafiyar jama'a a Najeriya.

## Manazarta