Wasannin gargajiya na Indiya

Indiya tana da wasanni da wasanni na gargajiya da dama,  wasu daga cikinsu an shafe dubban shekaru ana buga su.    Shahararsu ta ragu sosai a zamanin yau, inda wasannin Yammacin duniya suka mamaye su a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya,  kuma gwamnatin Indiya yanzu tana yin wasu ƙoƙari don farfaɗo da su.   Yawancin waɗannan wasannin ba sa buƙatar kayan aiki ko sararin wasa mai yawa.  Wasu daga cikinsu ana buga su ne kawai a wasu yankuna na Indiya, ko kuma ana iya sanin su da sunaye daban-daban kuma ana buga su a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodi da ƙa'idodi daban-daban a yankuna daban-daban na ƙasar.  

## Tarihi

### Zamanin da ya gabata
An fara wasan Kho-kho tun aƙalla ƙarni na huɗu kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS).  Kabaddi da kho-kho wataƙila suna da wasu fannoni na wasan kwaikwayonsu da aka ambata a cikin Mahabharata, wanda aka rubuta kafin 300 AD.   An ambaci Atya-patya a cikin Naṟṟiṇai, wanda aka rubuta a 300 AD ko kafin haka.  Chaturanga wani tsohon wasan allo ne wanda ya fuskanci gyare-gyare daban-daban yayin da aka watsa shi daga Indiya zuwa Turai kuma ya zama wasan chess na zamani.  An yi amfani da wasu daga cikin waɗannan wasannin don dalilan horar da sojoji;    yaƙin da ke tsakanin Indiyawa/da mamaya ya tilasta wa hankali kan ayyukan jiki da suka shafi yaƙi. &#x5B; ** &#x5D; Misali ɗaya na wannan alaƙar da ke tsakanin wasanni da yaƙi shine yadda Abhimanyu ya huda Chakravyuha kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Mahabharata, wanda wataƙila yana da alaƙa da ƙwarewar da ake amfani da ita a kabaddi da kho-kho.   

Wasannin gargajiya na Indiya sun yi amfani da manufofi daban-daban a tsawon lokaci kuma suna da alaƙa daban-daban da tarihin Indiya ; misali, wasu fannoni na wasan Bengali hopscotch na ekka-dokka na iya wakiltar ra'ayoyi game da rabon kadarori na zamantakewa,  ana iya amfani da kabaddi a matsayin shiri don farauta,  kuma wasan tag na Bengali na gollachut na iya wakiltar yunƙurin tserewa daga bayin noma a lokacin Wayewar Indus Valley .  Koyarwar Hindu ta fi mai da hankali kan kasancewa cikin ƙoshin lafiya, musamman ma ƙungiyar mayaƙan Kshatriya dole ne ta yi ayyukan yaƙi kamar harbin baka, yayin da koyarwar Buddha ta fi gauraye; Buddha ta haramta wasu wasannin gargajiya waɗanda ake ganin suna haifar da sakaci a tsakanin mutane, kodayake shi da kansa ya buga wasu wasanni, kamar harbin baka da kabaddi.  Sufaye na Buddha, waɗanda galibi ke guje wa tashin hankali, sun ɗauki amfani da fasahar yaƙi ta Indiya don kare kansu. Ayyuka daban-daban suna da alaƙa; Bangarorin numfashi na kabaddi suna da alaƙa da dabarun sarrafa numfashi na pranayama daga yoga    kuma an yi amfani da fasahar yaƙi ta kalaripayattu tare da atya-patya ta sojoji a Kerala. 

### Zamanin Indo-Musulmi
A lokacin mulkin Mughal, wasu daga cikin wasannin gargajiya an yi musu maraba sosai kuma an yi su ta hanyoyi daban-daban; misali, Akbar ya ƙirƙiro wani nau'in wasan polo wanda za a iya buga shi da daddare ta hanyar kunna ƙwallon,    kuma ya buga wani nau'in wasan pachisi mai girma tare da masu kula da wasan suna aiki a matsayin kayan wasan.  Duk da haka, an hana mutanen Hindu shan giya da yin wasan polo, wanda hakan ya sa su zama marasa tsari da tawaye.  Kokawa ta shahara a lokacin,  tare da nau'ikan kokawa na Farisa da Indiya da suka haɗu suka samar da pehlwani . 

### Zamanin mulkin mallaka

A lokacin mulkin Birtaniya Raj, 'yan Indiya sun fara mai da hankali kan yin wasannin Burtaniya kamar su wasan kurket, wasan hockey, da ƙwallon ƙafa maimakon wasannin gargajiya.   Wani ɓangare na dalilin da ya sa hakan ya faru shi ne don su iya hawa matsayi ta hanyar kwaikwayon al'adun 'yan mulkin mallaka;  daga baya, wasu 'yan Indiya sun fara ganin wasannin Burtaniya a matsayin wani aiki da za su iya "kayar da" 'yan mulkin mallaka.  Yan Birtaniya kuma a wasu lokutan suna matsa lamba don haɓaka al'adun Yammacin duniya, suna ganin hakan a matsayin hanyar ƙara ɗaukar al'adun Birtaniya da dabi'u a Indiya,    kuma suna jayayya cewa mazan Indiya suna da mata don haka suna buƙatar ƙarin tsarin jiki na Turai (duba Kiristanci na Muscular ).  Wannan ya haɗu da Birtaniya da ke haɓaka ka'idar tseren yaƙi, inda aka ga sojojin asali waɗanda suka yi biyayya ga Daular Burtaniya a matsayin jarumai kuma an gina su da kyau don yaƙi, yayin da masu fahariya masu ilimi ba su dace ba. 

Wani wasa na gargajiya da aka ci gaba da yi a wannan lokacin shi ne wasan polo, wanda Birtaniya ta taimaka wajen tsara shi da kuma tallafawa a matsayin wasa na hukuma. Wasu wasannin allo na Birtaniya, kamar Snakes and Ladders da Ludo, suma sun sami kwarin gwiwa daga wasannin allo na Indiya.

Wasu ƙungiyoyin wasanni da ke ba da kuɗi ga kansu, kamar su Akharas, vyayamshalas, da kreeda mandals sun haɓaka kuma sun shirya gasa a matakai daban-daban don wasannin gargajiya a wannan lokacin. An fara daidaita wasannin gargajiya daban-daban a wannan lokacin, kuma an baje kolin wasu daga cikinsu a Gasar Olympics ta Berlin ta 1936.

### Zamanin zamani

A Indiya bayan samun 'yancin kai, shaharar wasannin gargajiya ta ragu sosai tare da ci gaban wasannin Yammacin duniya da wasannin kan layi .  Kabaddi shine wasan gargajiya mafi shahara, tare da mafi yawan masu kallo da kuma mafi yawan damar aiki; ci gabansa ya samo asali ne daga ƙirƙirar Pro Kabaddi League .  Ci gaban Kabaddi ya sa ya bazu a wajen Kudancin Asiya, tare da ƙasashe kamar Koriya ta Kudu da Iran suna buga shi.   Kho-kho kuma ya fara gasar cin kofin franchise, Ultimate Kho Kho ;  Pro Kabaddi League da Ultimate Kho Kho su ne gasannin da aka fi kallo ba tare da kurket ba a Indiya. 

Duk da cewa a da, wasannin gargajiya na Indiya galibi ana yin su ne a saman laka a yankunan karkara, a zamanin yau, galibi ana yin su ne a kan saman da aka yi wa ado da canje-canje ga tsarin dokokinsu da sauran fannoni na kamanninsu don su zama masu jan hankali da ban sha'awa.    Wasu wasannin gargajiya, kamar wasannin allo da wasannin katin gidan caca,   suma ana canza su ta hanyar dijital don a iya buga su a matsayin wasannin bidiyo. 

#### Manufar gwamnati
Domin farfaɗo da wasannin gargajiya, gwamnatin Indiya ta fara shirin Bharatiya Khel da ra'ayin cewa waɗannan wasannin sun fi araha ga 'yan Indiyawan karkara don yin wasa, kuma suna da mahimmanci don farfaɗo da al'adun Indiya da kuma ƙara ruhin ƙungiya.   Kuma bisa ga Manufofin Ilimi na Ƙasa (NEP) 2020, an fitar da littattafan karatu na aji 7 waɗanda suka haɗa da abubuwan da ke cikin wasannin gargajiya.  Gwamnati kuma tana shirin gabatar da wasu wasanni kamar kabaddi da kho-kho a cikin Olympics idan ta yi nasarar karɓar bakuncin wani taron Olympics na gaba,  kamar tayin da take yi a yanzu na Olympics na 2036.  Ƙungiyar Fit India ta kuma ba da gudummawa ga farfaɗo da wasannin gargajiya na Indiya, tare da buƙatar makarantu su haɗa da irin waɗannan wasannin a matsayin wani ɓangare na ilimin motsa jiki. 

## Gasassun gasa

A matakin jiha, gasar wasannin Olympics ta Chhattisgarhiya gasa ce ta shekara-shekara ta Chhattisgarhi da aka yi niyya don bikin wasannin gargajiya; sama da mutane miliyan 3 sun halarci gasar 2023.  Bikin Wasannin Qila Raipur yana bikin wasannin gargajiya na Punjabi tun daga 1933. 

## Shugabanci
An kafa Ƙungiyar Wasannin Gargajiya da Wasannin Gargajiya, Indiya (ATSGI) a shekarar 2020 da nufin farfaɗo da kuma haɓaka wasannin gargajiya da wasanni, suna aiki ƙarƙashin jagorancin Majalisar Duniya don Wasannin Gargajiya da Wasannin Gargajiya (ICTSG) wanda UNESCO ta amince da shi.  An zaɓi Padi Richo, shugaban Ƙungiyar Wasannin Olympics ta Arunachal baki ɗaya a matsayin shugaban ATSGI, tare da Aman Kumar Sharma a matsayin Sakatare Janar. 

## Wasannin gargajiya

### Gilli danda

Gilli danda yayi kama da sauran wasanni da dama a duniya, kamar wasan Ingila na tip-cat,  kuma yana da kamanceceniya da wasan kurket na Burtaniya, wanda shine daya daga cikin dalilan da yasa wasanni suka shahara a duk Kudancin Asiya a zamanin mulkin mallaka.  Wasa ne inda dan wasa ya buga wani dan sanda a kasa sama ta amfani da sanda mai tsayi a hannunsa. Sannan ya sake buga sandar da ke sama da sandar da ke hannunsa don ya yi tafiya gwargwadon iko. Idan dan wasa a daya kungiyar ya kama sandar kafin ta taba kasa, to mai bugawa ya fita (an kawar da shi). 

### Nondi
 
Nondi (known by several other regional names) is a game similar to hopscotch. In it, several connected boxes are drawn on the ground, and players throw a rock or similar object onto one of the boxes and then attempt to hop their way to the box the rock lands in.

## Wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa

### Lagori (Dutse Bakwai)

### Maram pitti

### Wasan badminton na ƙwallon ƙafa

## Wasannin da suka shafi abubuwa masu sauƙi

### Marmara
Wasu wasannin Indiya da suka shafi marmara ana kuma kiransu da Kancha/Kanche ko Golli Gundu. Ana buga wasanni da dama da suka haɗa da 'yan wasa suna buga marmara a wasu marmara, sau da yawa don "kama" adadin marmara gwargwadon iko kafin ƙarshen wasan don cin nasara.   

### Gutte

## Bambance-bambancen tag
Akwai nau'ikan wasannin tag na Indiya da dama (wani lokacin ana kiransu a Indiya da "gudu da kamawa" ko kuma a Hindi, *padkam pakdai* ),  inda kabaddi da kho-kho su ne wasanni biyu mafi shahara kuma ana buga su a gasar kwararru ( Pro Kabaddi League da Ultimate Kho Kho bi da bi).  

### Yanke shawara kan wanda ya lashe kyautar
A cikin nau'ikan tag na Indiya da yawa, ana kiran ɗan wasan da ake tsammanin zai yiwa sauran 'yan wasan alama da "denner".   Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na tantance wane ɗan wasa ne ya kamata ya zama denner; ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin ita ce Saa Boo Uku (wanda aka fi sani da *pugam pugai* ), inda 'yan wasa uku ke fuskantar ɗayan hannayensu ko dai sama ko ƙasa, kuma idan ɗaya daga cikinsu ya fuskanci hannunsa akasin alkiblar sauran biyun, to wannan ɗan wasan shine denner.  

### Kabaddi