Harshen Miluk

**Miluk**, wanda aka fi sani da *Lower Coquille* a turance  daga wurin da yake, yana ɗaya daga cikin yarukan Coosan guda biyu. Yana raba fiye da rabin ƙamus tare da Hanis, kodayake waɗannan ba koyaushe suke bayyane ba, kuma bambance-bambance na nahawu suna sa harsuna biyu su yi kama da daban. Athabaskan ya fara fitar da Miluk a ƙarshen karni na 18, kuma Miluk da yawa sun koma Athabaskan da Hanis.

Ana magana da *Miluq* a kusa da ƙananan Kogin Coquille da Kudancin Slough na Coos Bay. Sunan míluk shine endonym, wanda aka samo daga sunan ƙauyen. Mai magana da Miluk na karshe shi ne Annie Miner Peterson, wanda ya mutu a 1939. Ta san duka Miluk da Hanis, kuma ta yi rikodin da yawa. Laura Hodgkiss Metcalf, wacce ta mutu a shekara ta 1961, ita ce mai magana ta ƙarshe (mahaifiyarta Miluk ce), kuma ta kasance mai ba da labari ga Morris Swadesh don binciken Penutian Vocabulary.

## Fasahar sauti

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi
Za'a iya tsara lissafin ma'anar Miluk kamar haka, bisa ga Douglas-Tavani (2024): 

* /ɣ/ na iya kaiwa zuwa uvular [ʁ] a cikin bambancin kyauta.
* 

* /ɛ/ is pronounced between [æ] and [ɛ], but it tends towards the latter.
* /a/ is pronounced somewhere between [a] and [ɑ], likely often pronounced centrally as [ä].
* /u/ is sometimes articulated as [oː] or [], though these appear in free variation with [u].
* /i/ and /ɪ/ have a proven minimal pair (*wii=* 'thus' & *wi* 'who') and are therefore distinct phonemes, despite Jacobs originally considering them as two allophones of one phoneme.
* /u/ and /ʊ/ have no exact minimal pair but do have minimal environments. In general, words are consistently pronounced with /u/ and /ʊ/ without variation, and this lack of a minimal pair can therefore be most plausibly described as a result of documentation gaps. Therefore, they are listed here as separate phonemes.

Harkokin sauti yana faruwa a cikin Miluk, kodayake yana da saurin gaske. Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da jituwa a cikin Miluk shine jituwa na  a cikin tushen tare da  a cikin suffixes.

## Harshen harshe

### Rubuce-rubuce

#### Verb - Magana Tsarin Magana
Kalmomin Miluk suna da halin zama sashi na farko. Tattaunawar da aka bayyana tare da jimloli masu bayyane yawanci suna bin aikatau, yayin da jayayya da aka bayyana a cikin ƙididdigar da ke haɗe da aikatau. Za'a iya musayar muhawara da muhawara.

Misali mai zuwa yana nuna gardamar ergative a gaban gardamar cikakke.
 

#### Bambancin tsari a cikin Gine-gine na Gabatarwa
Miluk sau da yawa yana amfani da tsarin gabatarwa yayin ba da labarai ko ba da labarin wani abin da ya faru don jawo hankali ga batun labarin. A sakamakon wannan, kalmar da ta shafi tana gaba a cikin jumla kuma sau da yawa tana bayyana sashi-da farko. Misalai masu zuwa sune na gine-ginen gabatarwa, tare da ginin da aka gabatar.
 

#### Tsarin mallaka
A cikin Miluk, kalmar mai mallaka ta riga abin da aka mallaka. Sunan da aka mallaka ba ya ɗaukar labarin amma a maimakon haka an yi alama da ƙuƙwalwa [tə]. 

### Yanayin Yanayi
Akwai labarai biyu a cikin Miluk, kwə da ʎə . Ana amfani da ʎə tare da sunayen da ke kusa da mai magana, yayin da ake amfani da kwə don sunayen da suka fi nesa. Wadannan labaran ba su nuna jinsi na suna ba kuma an sami labaran biyu a cikin amfani don wannan suna a cikin magana. Kalmomin suna da alamar da ba ta wucewa ba, ajizanci, da cikakkiyar alama. Kalmomin da ba su da ma'ana suna ɗaukar -u, yayin da imperfect tense ke ɗaukar -ʔi suffix kuma cikakkiyar tense tana ɗaukar -t suffix.

#### Haɗin kai na Morphosyntactic
Miluk yana da bambancin Ergative-absolutive, wanda aka bayyana ta hanyar morphologically;  ma'anar *-x* tana nuna yanayin ergative a cikin Miluk, kuma yanayin cikakke ba shi da alama.

A cikin misalai masu zuwa, gardamar ergative ta zo kafin gardamar cikakke.

## manazarta