Jerin hanyoyin azabtarwa da mulkin kama-karya na Marcos ya yi amfani da su

An yi amfani da nau'o'i daban-daban na azabtarwa ta hanyar Mulkin kama-karya na Marcos a Philippines tsakanin sanarwar dokar soja a 1972 da kuma korar iyalin Marcos a lokacin juyin juya halin People Power a 1986. Wadannan sun hada da hanyoyi da dama da sojojin Philippines suka dauka a lokacin da suka yi mulkin mallaka a karkashin sojojin Mutanen Espanya, Amurka, da Japan, amma kuma wasu sabbin hanyoyin da suka fito daga fasahar zamani na karni na 20. Wadannan sun hada da fyade da lalata; azabtarwa ta jiki da ba ta jima'i ba ciki har da bambance-bambance na wutan lantarki, ruwa, suffocation, konewa, da duka; da kuma nau'o'i daban-daban na azabtarwa na tunani.

## Takardun
Yin amfani da matsin siyasa na kasa da kasa a kan gwamnatin Marcos, manufofi uku na Amnesty International sun sami damar yin magana da fursunonin siyasa da kuma sakin rahotanni na manufa da ke dauke da cikakkun bayanai game da takamaiman shari'o'in azabtarwa. Rahotanni, waɗanda aka saki a shekara ta 1974,   1975,  da 1981 [4] bi da bi sun zama babban tushen takardun tarihi game da azabtarwa a ƙarƙashin mulkin Ferdinand Marcos. Har ila yau, masu kula da Task Force na Philippines, Majalisar Ikklisiyoyin Duniya, Hukumar Shari'a ta Duniya, da sauran kungiyoyin da ba na gwamnati ba ne suka tattara asusun.

## Tarihin tarihi
Ferdinand Marcos yana gab da ƙarshen wa'adinsa na ƙarshe da aka ba shi izinin kundin tsarin mulki lokacin da ya ayyana dokar soja a shekarar 1972.  An fara zabar shugaban kasa a shekarar 1965, ya riga ya zama shugaban kasa na farko da aka zaba a karo na biyu. Marcos ya lashe yakin neman zabe na 1969 a kan ƙarfin kashe kudi na dala miliyan 50 a kan ababen more rayuwa da aka tsara don masu jefa kuri'a na kotu,   wanda ya tilasta masa ya karɓi rance tare da IMF wanda bukatun sa suka lalata tattalin arzikin Philippines cewa sakamakon hauhawar farashin ya haifar da zanga-zangar da tashin hankali gaba ɗaya daga 1970 zuwa 1972. Marcos ya zargi wannan tashin hankali a kan sabuwar jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Philippines a karkashin Jose Maria Sison,  duk da cewa jami'an leken asiri na Philippines da na Amurka sun lura cewa halin kwaminisanci a Philippines "na al'ada" ne ko kuma a matakin damuwa mafi ƙasƙanci;   kuma a kan abin da ake tsammani "Rashin Musulunci", kodayake kungiyar Moro National Liberation Front ba za ta kafa ba har sai bayan sanarwar Marcos.

Don Marcos ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin shugaban kasa, sanarwar da ya yi game da Dokar Soja dole ne ya cimma burin bakwai:  1. Kula da sojoji da 'yan sanda; 2. Kula da Kotun Koli; 3. Rashin amincewar jama'ar Philippines da dimokuradiyya; 4. Amfani da kuma tallafawa rashin bin doka da rashin kwanciyar hankali; 5. Ƙarfafa barazanar Kwaminisanci; 6. Samun goyon bayan siyasa daga Amurka; da 7. Ku yi amfani da taron kundin tsarin mulki.

Don tallafawa waɗannan manufofi, sanarwar Ferdinand Marcos game da dokar soja a ƙarshen Satumba 1972 ta ba jami'an soja "ikon ban mamaki" a kan rayuwar da mutuwar fararen hula ba tare da lissafi ba, " kuma ta sanya abokan adawar a matsayin ko dai kwaminisanci ko masu tausayi ko ya faru gaskiya ko a'a.

## Masu aikata laifin
Rahoton Ofishin Jakadancin Amnesty International na 1976 ya lissafa masu azabtar da gwamnati 88 da sunayensu, tare da matsayi a matsayin ƙarami a matsayin Sargeant kuma a matsayin Brigadier Janar.  Rukunin masu aikata laifin daban-daban da ke da alhakin wannan azabtarwa sun kasance a karkashin umurnin Juan Ponce Enrile a cikin yanayin Sojojin Philippines, da kuma Fabian Ver da Fidel Ramos a cikin yanayin 'yan sanda na Philippines (sa'an nan har yanzu wani ɓangare na Sojoji, maimakon ƙungiyar farar hula a yau). Koyaya, rahotanni na Amnesty International, Task Force Detainees na Philippines, Majalisar Ikklisiyoyin Duniya, da sauransu, duk sun tabbatar da gaskiyar cewa azabtarwa ta faru ne a matsayin manufofin jihar, wanda aka yi niyya don hana 'yan adawa, nuna ikon mulkin mallaka, da kuma tsoratar da jama'a cikin rashin aiki.

## Manazarta