Jeanne Hachette

**Jeanne Laisné**, wacce aka fi sani da **Jeanne Fourquet** a ƙarni na 16 kuma aka fi sani da **Jeanne Hachette** ("Joan the Hatchet"), ta kasance wata alama a tarihin juriyar birnin Beauvais na Faransa ga kawacen da Charles the Bold, Duke na Burgundy ya yi mata.  An ce ta taimaka wajen dakile harin Burgundy da aka kai wa garin Beauvais da ƙyalle, kuma, a cikin tarihin shahara, an ɗaga ta zuwa matsayin jarumar Faransa. An haife ta a Beauvais a kusa da 1454 kuma ta mutu a wani lokaci da ba a sani ba. Cikakkun bayanai game da rayuwarta, har ma da gaskiyar wanzuwarta, sun kasance batun muhawara tsakanin masana tarihi, kodayake takardu da yawa na zamani suna nuni da wanzuwarta.

## Tarihin rayuwa da kuma kewaye Beauvais
An ce an haifi Jeanne Hachette a wurin da yanzu ake kira rue Jeanne-Hachette a birnin Beauvais. Ita 'yar Mathieu Laisnéa ce,  wani ɗan kasuwa    kuma, a cewar wasu masana tarihi, wani tsohon babban jami'in tsaron fadar Louis XI wanda aka kashe a Yaƙin Montlhéry a 1465.  Duk da haka, al'adar da aka fi sani da ita ita ce Hachette ta yi amfani da sunan mahaifiyarta.  

Kawanya da aka yi wa Beauvais a shekarar 1472  wani farmaki ne na soja da Charles the Bold ya kaddamar kan Sarkin Faransa, Louis XI, bayan karya yarjejeniyar da aka cimma a Péronne a shekarar 1468. Charles yana da albarkatun kuɗi mafi kyau, sojoji da manyan bindigogi fiye da Louis XI, amma sojojin sarki sun gallaza wa sojojinsa kuma sun gaji da kai hari kan ƙananan sansanonin kafin su koma babban garin Beauvais.

Charles ya kewaye Beauvais a ranar 27 ga Yuni, 1472. [1] A lokacin wani hari da aka kai wa Burgundian a ranar 22 ga Yuli, an ce Jeanne Hachette ta yi amfani da gatari don korar wani ɗan Burgundian da ya kafa tuta a kan shingen. Jeanne Hachette a hannunta ta jefa kanta a kansa, ta jefa shi cikin rami, ta rushe tutar, ta kuma farfaɗo da ƙarfin gwiwar masu tsaron. [2] [3] Da ƙarfin hali, matan birnin suka kawo wa mayaƙan foda da makamai, kuma wataƙila sun yi yaƙi a kan shingen. [4] [5] Don haka, an kori maharan Burgundian 80,000 a ranar 22 ga Yuli, kuma an hana Charles the Bold ci gaba kai tsaye.

Rundunar sojojin Louis XI mai tsari sosai ta riga ta yi nasarar rage hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki na Burgundiya. Duk da haka, an tilasta wa 'yan ƙasar Beauvais kare birninsu na tsawon kusan wata guda, kuma a ƙarshe, sun tilasta wa maƙiya su ja da baya.    Wannan nasarar ta nuna cewa 'yan boko haram, ciki har da mata, za su iya shirya tsaron birnin sarauta ba tare da goyon bayan sojojin sarki ba.

Don godiya ga wannan jarumtaka, Louis XI ya ba birnin Beauvais damar kafa wani kamfani na birni kuma ya keɓe shi daga haraji. Ya kuma yaba wa ƙoƙarin jarumtaka na matan Beauvais kuma ya ba su damar sanya duk wani tufafi da kayan ado da suke so, ba tare da la'akari da matsayi ba (duk da dokokin da suka ba da izinin sanya wasu tufafi ga mata masu daraja kawai). Ya kuma kafa wani jerin gwano a Beauvais don murnar nasarar da ta samu a kan 'yan Burgundian. A wannan lokacin, mata za su riga maza a cikin jerin gwanon. An ba da waɗannan izini kai tsaye, da farko a watan Yunin 1473, bisa ga umarnin Louis XI.  Ya kuma ba da izinin auren Jeanne Hachette da masoyiyarta da aka zaɓa, Colin Pilon, yayin da kuma ya ba su alheri.  

## Muhawara game da wanzuwar Jeanne Hachette
A lokacin da aka naɗa Joan of Arc a shekarar 1920, sha'awar ayyukan Jeanne Hachette ta sake bunƙasa ta hanyar 'yan Republican da ke son haɓaka ra'ayin addini - Jeanne Hachette ta ba da abokiyar hamayyarta ga Joan of Arc wacce ba ta da alaƙa da addini. Masana tarihi sun yarda cewa matakin matan Beauvais ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samun nasara, amma, tun daga ƙarni na 19, wasu masana tarihi (musamman waɗanda ke da ra'ayin addini  ) sun yi tambaya game da sahihancin abubuwan da aka danganta musamman ga Jeanne Hachette.  

A cikin wani kasidar mai taken "Jita-jitar tarihi. Jeanne Hachette" kuma ta bayyana a jaridar *L'Assemblée nationale* a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu, 1850, ƙwararriyar marubuciya Paulin Paris ta musanta wanzuwar Hachette. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa, ba daidai ba, babu wani marubuciya a ƙarni na 15 da ya yi magana game da ita kuma aikin farko da ya ba da rahoton abubuwan da ta yi nasara shi ne *Tarihin Navarre* na André Favin, wanda aka buga a 1612. 

## Manazarta