Tattoo na gargajiya na Albania

**Tattoo** tsakanin Albaniyawa al'ada ce da ta daɗe da aka yi ta tun zamanin Illyriya, wadda aka kiyaye ta a cikin tsaunuka na yammacin Balkans . Har ila yau, Katolika na Bosnia da Herzegovina da Dalmatia ( Sicanje ), da kuma mata na wasu al'ummomin Vlach (a yammacin Balkans) sun yi tattoo na gargajiya.

## Tarihi
Dangane da rubuce-rubucen tsoffin marubuta irin su Herodotus (ƙarni na 5 BC), Cicero da Strabo (ƙarni na 1 BC), waɗanda maganganunsu kuma an tabbatar da su ta hanyar binciken archaeological, binciken ethnographic ya kammala cewa an san aikin tattoo a cikin al'ummomin yankin Balkan tun zamanin da . An samo wannan aikin a tsakanin kabilun Illyrian da Thracian, waɗanda suka yi amfani da tattooing don bambanta asalin kabilanci. 

Dogayen alluran tagulla tare da hannayen katako da aka samu a Glasinac da Donja Dolina ana ɗaukar su kayan aikin yin jarfa.  Alamun farko na wannan tsohuwar al'adar Balkan ana samun su a Apulia, kudu maso gabashin Italiya, a cikin al'adun kayan tarihi na Daunian, waɗanda suka kasance na yammacin Balkan. Za a iya gano al'adar tattooing tsakanin 'yan Dauni a cikin stelae na Daunian da kuma a cikin *ollae* fentin matt. Hakanan za'a iya gane shi da kyau a bangon ɗakin kabari na ƙarshen karni na 4 daga Arpi, wanda zanen ya nuna jarfa a hannun ' firist' yana hawa quadriga .  Al'adun kayan gargajiya na Daunian sun nuna cewa a cikin su akwai ɓangarorin da aka fi yin tattoo a jikinsu. 

A cikin duniyar Graeco-Roman an yi la'akari da tattooing a matsayin al'ada mai banƙyama wanda aka yi amfani da shi ne kawai don azabtarwa ko dalilai na mallaka, amma ra'ayi na Mutanen Balkan na dā game da tattooing ya bambanta, saboda yana da zurfi da kuma dogon lokaci na al'adu wanda ya bambanta su daga wasu al'adu. Rubuce-rubucen marubutan zamanin d ̄ a sun nuna cewa a cikin Balkans tattooing yana cikin ikon masu daraja. Tushen Iconographic da wallafe-wallafen sun nuna musamman cewa mata ne suka yi shi musamman.

An fi samun wannan al’adar tattoo a cikin al’ummomin ƙabilanci, inda mata ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a wannan al’ada, dukansu suna yin al’adar shafa jarfa da sanya su. Daga cikin wasu abubuwan tattoo na iya zama alamar balaga jima'i, zuriya da alaƙar kabilanci, da kuma imani na addini.  A yammacin Balkans, keɓe daga tasirin waje, aikin tattoo ya ci gaba har zuwa farkon karni na 20 a Albania da Bosnia, yankunan da a zamanin da suka kasance ɓangare na yankin Illyria . 

## Takaddun bayanai

### Karni na 19
Tattoo na al'ada na Albaniya tare da alamomin Sun ( Dielli ) da Wuta ( Zjarri ), wanda JC Murray-Aynsley [Harriet Georgiana Maria Murray-Ainsley] ya zana (1827-1898), an buga shi a cikin 1891 a cikin mujallar Ars Quatuor Coronatorum (juzu'i IV), a cikin binciken game da swastika . 

### Karni na 20

#### Binciken Edith Durham
A farkon rabin karni na 20, masanin dan Adam dan Burtaniya Edith Durham ya ziyarci arewacin Albaniya da sauran yankuna na yammacin Balkans, musamman tattara da nazarin abubuwan al'adu da tarihin al'ummar kabilar Albaniya . 

Durham ya gano cewa a Bosnia yin tattoo dabi'a ce da ta keɓance ga al'ummar Slavic Katolika, yayin da al'ummar Slavic Orthodox suka ƙi wannan aikin, suna la'akari da shi "Latin". A gefe guda kuma, Durham ya gano cewa a arewacin Albaniya ya yadu a tsakanin Albaniyawa ba tare da la'akari da addinin Katolika ko Musulmi ba. 

Durham ya ba da rahoton cewa an yi wa 'yan mata tattoo a ranar 19 ga Maris, wanda ya fadi a zamanin bikin bazara na Albaniya . 

## Alamu
 
Abubuwan da aka fi sani da jarfa na al'adar Albaniya sune rana (kuma taurari), watanni (har ma jinjirin watan), da giciye. Yawancin su kuma suna fitowa akan fasahar gargajiya na Albaniya (kaburbura, kayan ado, kayan adon, da sassaƙaƙen gida).  Suna wakiltar sararin sama, haske, wuta da bautar zuciya, suna bayyana tagomashin haske a cikin gwagwarmayar dualistic tsakanin haske da duhu a cikin tatsuniyar Albaniya .   

Edith Durham, wanda ya yi nazari sosai game da tattoo na gargajiya na Balkan tare da binciken aikin filin, ya sami damar yin cikakken bayani game da tsarin jarfa na gargajiya kawai bayan ya tambayi Albaniyawan Thethi-Shala don bayanin duk ƙananan layi (ko rassan) waɗanda ke tare da wani yanki na kusa da aka sanya a kan wani tsohon dutsen kabari. Sun amsa da cewa waɗannan rassan “hasken da ke fitowa daga wata ne, ba shakka”. Ga Albaniyawa, rassan ko ƙananan layi sune hanyar gargajiya don wakiltar haske, wanda ya fito daga Rana ( Dielli ) da kuma daga Wata ( Hana ), wanda aka wakilta sau da yawa a matsayin jinjirin . Don haka, alamu na jarfa na Katolika a Bosnia, wanda har sai da aka sani da "da'irori, semicircles, da Lines ko twigs", a ƙarshe an bayyana su a fili a matsayin mahadi na rayed (haske) na rana, watanni, da giciye, daga wani furci na yanayi-bauta da kuma bautar zuciya.  Bugu da ƙari kuma, malamai sun bayyana giciye (ciki har da swastikas ) a matsayin alamomin Wuta da aka tsarkake ( Zjarri ),  da kuma musamman na allahn wuta Enji,  wanda a bayyane yake shi ne babban allahn albaniya pantheon a zamanin Romawa ta hanyar fassara Jupiter, lokacin da aka keɓe sunayen ranar mako a cikin harshen Albaniyanci ( *)* . 

## Rarraba yanki
 
Edith Durham ya ba da bayani game da jarfa a arewacin Albaniya, amma binciken ƙabilanci na ƙarni na 20 ya gano cewa zane-zanen gargajiya ya yaɗu a cikin yankunan Albaniya. 

## Duba kuma

* Labarun almara
* Maguzanci na Albaniya
* Al'adun Albaniya

## Manazarta