open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Renee Chenault-Fattah

**Renee Chenault-Fattah** (an haife ta a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 1957) 'yar jarida ce 'yar Amurka kuma tsohuwar mai gabatar da shirye-shirye a WCAU NBC 10 News da ƙarfe 4 da 6 na yamma a daren mako a Philadelphia .  Ta yi aiki a matsayin lauya a birnin New York a shekarun 1980.  Tana auren tsohon wakilin Amurka Chaka Fattah . 

## Tarihin Rayuwa

### Rayuwar farko da ilimi
 
Chenault-Fattah ta yi karatun digiri a fannin kimiyyar siyasa a Jami'ar Johns Hopkins, sannan ta sami digirin farko a fannin shari'a a Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Pennsylvania . Ta yi aiki a Hughes Hubbard & Reed, wani kamfanin lauyoyi a New York, sannan ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin kotu ga Alkali Damon Keith na Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Shida . Daga nan ta fara aikinta na watsa labarai, inda ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin aikin jarida a Jami'ar Missouri da ke Columbia, Missouri .

### Sana'a
Chenault-Fattah ta shiga WCAU, wacce a lokacin take reshen gidan talabijin na Philadelphia CBS, a watan Satumba na 1991, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai gabatarwa da kuma mai ba da rahoto. Bayan shekaru kaɗan tana gabatar da shirye-shiryen tsakar rana tare da Tim Lake, an ƙara mata matsayi zuwa labaran ƙarfe 6 na yamma da 11 na dare a watan Maris na 1995. A lokacin, WCAU ta zama reshen NBC a Philadelphia. A shekara ta 2003, Lake ta shiga Chenault a matsayin mai gabatarwa da ƙarfe 4 na yamma, 6 na yamma, da 11 na dare, bayan ta shafe shekaru 8 tana gabatar da labarai tare da Ken Matz sannan kuma tare da Larry Mendte .

Shari'ar laifukan da ta shafi mijinta, ɗan majalisa Chaka Fattah, ta sa ya zama da wahala ga Chenault-Fattah ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai gabatar da ƙara, kuma ta tafi hutu na tsawon watanni bakwai bayan tuhumar da aka yi masa. A ƙarshe, ta bar ofishin a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 2016.  Duk da cewa an ambaci sunan ta a cikin wata mu'amalar kasuwanci ta mijinta, ba a taɓa tuhumar Chenault-Fattah da wani abu da ya shafi ayyukan da suka kai ga yanke masa hukunci ba.

Chenault-Fattah yana aiki a kwamitin amintattu na Jami'ar Johns Hopkins. 

Bayan ya yi aiki na tsawon shekaru da dama a kwamitin gudanarwa, an nada Chenault-Fattah a matsayin Babban Darakta na Philadelphia Lawyers for Social Equity, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ta sadaukar da kanta wajen taimaka wa 'yan Philadelphia masu karamin karfi wajen shawo kan matsalolin da suka faru sakamakon bayanan laifuka na baya. 

#### Daraja da kyaututtuka
An sanya Chenault-Fattah cikin jerin mutanen da suka yi tasiri a siyasar Pennsylvania a cikin jerin "Sy Snyder's Power 50" na PoliticsPA a shekarar 2002.  An kuma sanya ta cikin jerin "Matan da suka fi ƙarfi a siyasa a Pennsylvania" na PoliticsPA 

Majagaba a fannin watsa shirye-shirye na Philadelphia sun shigar da Chenault-Fattah cikin zauren shahararsu a shekarar 2009. 

## Manazarta
Jhumair

**Jhumair** ko **Jhumar**, rawa ce ta gargajiya daga jihohin Indiya kamar Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Assam, Bihar da Yammacin Bengal .     Rawa ce ta gargajiya ta Sadan, ƙabilun Indo-Aryan na Chotanagpur .    Al'ummomin Adivasi kuma suna yin ta kuma galibi suna da alaƙa da lokacin girbi. 

Kayan kida da ake amfani da su a Jhumair sun haɗa da Mandar, Dhol, Nagara, da Bansuri .  Rawar ta ƙunshi masu yin wasan kwaikwayo a jere, suna riƙe da hannuwa, suna rera waƙoƙin maɓalli, suna girgiza jikinsu, suna tafa hannuwa, kuma a wasu lokutan suna yin tsalle-tsalle na lokaci-lokaci.

## Nau'o'i
Rawar Jhumair/Jhumar ta bambanta a sassa daban-daban.   A yankin Chotanagpur, akwai nau'ikan Jhumar daban-daban, kamar:

* Khortha Jhumar 
* Kurmali Jhumar 
* Panch Pargarnia Jhumar
* Nagpuri Jhumar
** Mardani Jhumar
** Janani Jhumar

## Sanannen mai bayyanawa

* Govind Sharan Lohra, mai zane-zanen gargajiya daga Jharkhand
* Mukund Nayak, mawakin jama'a daga Jharkhand

## Duba kuma

* Rawar da'ira

## Manazarta
Dollu Kunitha

**Dollu Kunitha**, babbar rawar ganga ce da ta shahara a Karnataka .

## Bayani
A duk gidajen ibada na Beereshwara,  babban kayan aikin Dollu ana rataye shi da zare mai kauri da aka ɗaure a cikin rufin. Duk lokacin da aka yi wa Beereshwara sujada, ya kamata a yi bugun dollu nan take.

Wannan adabi mai bayyana ra'ayi, al'adar baki, ta dogara ne da tatsuniyar da ake kira 'Halumatha Purana' ko Kuruba Purana . Labarin ya nuna cewa aljani Dolla-asura ya bauta wa Shiva  da gaske kuma, lokacin da Shiva ya bayyana a gabansa, ya roƙe shi ya nemi alheri; cewa ya kamata ya haɗiye Shiva da kansa, ko kuma ya nemi rashin mutuwa wanda Shiva ya ƙi don Dollu da ya fusata ya haɗiye Shiva. Shiva ya fara girma. Asura, ba ta iya jure wa azaba ba, ta roƙi Shiva ya fito. Shiva ya yaga aljani, don haka ya kashe shi, ya fito. Shiva ya yi amfani da fatar asura don yin dollu/ganga ya kuma ba wa ƙauye, masu bauta masa, "Halu Kurubas". Kabilun "Halu Kuruba" a Shimoga suna bin wannan al'ada har ma a yau.

Masu wasan kwaikwayo suna yin wasan rabin da'ira kuma suna shiga cikin motsi mai sauri da laushi. Shugaba ne ke sarrafa kuma yake jagorantar bugun da kuge wanda ke tsakiya. Sauti mai sauri da jinkiri yana canzawa kuma rukuni yana saka alamu daban-daban. Kayan sutura suna da sauƙi. Yawancin lokaci ana barin ɓangaren sama na jiki a buɗe yayin da ake ɗaure baƙar tabarmar takarda a ƙasan jiki akan 'dhooti' ko sarong.

Kuruba Gowdas suna rera waƙa da sautin murya daban da sauran nau'ikan mawakan gargajiya, suna bin diddigin asalin tarihin rayuwarsu, juyin halitta da ci gabanta tsawon shekaru. Rawar Dollu ta ci gaba ba tare da katsewa ba tare da katsewa ba tare da sabunta kuzari da kuma son yin wasa ba. Da wuya a yi wani wasan kwaikwayo na addini na al'ada ko wani biki na ƙauye ba tare da wannan rawa ba, musamman a Arewacin Karnataka . A duk waɗannan lokutan, rawa ta Dollu ta zama cibiyar ayyukan da ake gina wasu muhimman abubuwa a kai. Tunda wannan rawa tana buƙatar ƙarfi, ƙarfin tsoka da ruhin juriya, mutane masu ƙarfi da ƙarfin hali ne kawai za su iya ɗauka.

Ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi mawaka kusan goma sha biyu a matsayin abokan rawa. A gefe guda kuma, muna da ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da wannan. suna da tala, tappadi, ƙaho, gong da sarewa, an ɗaga su zuwa sautin tenor mai tsayi. Ana amfani da waɗannan kayan kida don ƙarfafa rawar Dollu mai ƙarfi. Ƙaramin samfurin Dollu, mai sauƙin ɗauka a hannu, kuma ana iya riƙe shi don bugunsa - galibi ana amfani da shi yayin rera wani nau'in waƙoƙi na musamman - Waƙoƙin Dollu/Waƙoƙin Drum. Domin akwai bugun Dollu a nan da yatsun hannu.

## Duba kuma

* Yakshagana
* Veeragase

## Manazarta
Deodhani dance

**Rawar Deodhani rawa** ce ta al'adun Shaman daga jihar Assam ta Indiya . Ana iya yin ta ko dai ita kaɗai ko kuma a cikin rukuni. Deodhani asalinta daga Bodo ne.  Waƙar ƙungiyar Deodhani galibi tana ƙunshe da mata uku ko huɗu. Siffar rawa tana da alaƙa da bauta wa allahn maciji Marei/Maroi.  Rawar Deodhani galibi ana yin ta ne tare da waƙoƙin da wani *Ojha*, shugaban mawakan gargajiya a gundumar Darrang ta Assam, ke rera. 

## Tarihi

An samo Deodhani daga kalmomi biyu - *Deo*, wanda ke nufin Allah, da *Dhani*, wanda ke nufin mace, ma'ana mace da allah ya mallaka (Shaman). Akwai siffar Shaman namiji, wanda ake kira 'Deodha-Joki' a *Kamrup* ta mutanen Bodo da kuma 'Deodhai' a wasu wurare a Assam. Deodhani yana nuna rawar mace ko namiji Shaman lokacin da yake da wani abu na ruhaniya. A cikin Deodhani, waƙoƙin da Ojapali ke rera ana kiransu da Xuknoni a gundumar Darrang mara rarrabuwa kuma sun bambanta sosai da asalin 'Deodha-Joki' na asali & al'adar oracle cum nau'in rawa ta Shamanistic na al'ummar Kaibarta-Jalkeot a gundumar Undivided Kamrup, yana tare da na Bor-Dhol.  

## Ƙayyadewa
Masu rawa sun ɗauki takobi da garkuwa suka gabatar da rawar yaƙi mai ban tsoro yayin wasan kwaikwayo.  

## Manazarta
Achuguayo

**Achuguayo** allah ne a cikin addinin Guanche daga Tenerife, a cikin tsibirin Canary . Sunan ya fara bayyana a cikin aikin Historia del Pueblo Guanche (*Tarihin mutanen Guanche*) na likita da masanin tarihi Juan Bethencourt Alfonso, wanda ya kafa yawancin aikinsa akan tushen baki.

A cewar marubucin, Achuguayo shine "kalmar da aka adana tsakanin talakawa" don komawa ga Mai Girma - Achaman - a cikin addinin Guanche, wanda ke wakiltar shi mutum na nagarta a cikin rikici na har abada tare da Guayota, wakilin Mugunta. 

Wasu masana harsuna sun fassara kalmar a matsayin "ka riƙe wanda yake ruhu, dalili, asali, ko mai kula".

## Bayanan da aka ambata

* Addinin Guanche
Cheraw (dance)

**Rawar Cheraw** rawa ce ta gargajiya ta bamboo da mutanen Mizo na Mizoram, Indiya ke yi, wacce ta kunshi mutane shida zuwa takwas suna riƙe da sandunan bamboo guda biyu a kan wani bamboo da aka sanya a kwance a ƙasa.  Rawar ana ɗaukarta ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin raye-rayen Mizo da aka sani, waɗanda wataƙila sun samo asali ne daga ƙarni na 1 AD, a zamanin kafin hijirar Kuki-Mizo zuwa Chin Hills sannan daga baya Mizoram.  

Mizoram ya kafa tarihin Guinness World Record a shekarar 2010, lokacin da 'yan rawa sama da 10,736 suka yi wa Cheraw wasa tare na tsawon mintuna takwas a kan nisan kilomita 3 a Aizawl . 

## Rawa
A cikin rawar Cheraw, ana buga dogayen sandunan bamboo guda biyu a ƙasa a hankali kuma mahalarta, galibi maza, suna zaune a gaban juna, suna buga su tare. Mata masu rawa suna motsawa cikin jituwa da wannan salon, suna shiga da fita daga sandunan bamboo, suna ketare su suna yin tsalle-tsalle masu sarrafawa, zamewa da zamewa.  Yayin da rawa ke ci gaba, saurin bugun bamboo da sarkakiyar aikin ƙafar mai rawa suna ƙaruwa a hankali. Rawar tana buƙatar daidaitawa da lokaci mai kyau.   

Tsarin rawar Cheraw ya ƙunshi motsin da bishiyoyi ke yi ko kuma guduwar tsuntsaye.  Sandunan bamboo suna samar da sautin asali, nau'ikan rawa na zamani wani lokacin ana tare da kayan kida na gargajiya na Mizo, gami da *khuang* (ganga) da *darbu* (gong), da kuge.   

Ana nuna shi galibi a lokacin tarukan al'umma, bukukuwan aure da kuma tarukan ƙasa. 

## Na Zamani
Daga baya ana yin wasan Cheraw tare da accordion, mandolin da guitar da aka buga a cikin tufafi marasa na gargajiya. 

## Dokar sutura
Kayan da masu wasan kwaikwayo ke sakawa a lokacin rawar Cheraw sun haɗa da:

Mata

* Vakiria - wata mace ce mai kai da aka yi da bamboo kuma aka yi mata ado da gashin fuka-fukai, fikafikan ƙwaro da sauran abubuwa masu launi, tun daga shekarun 1960 ta rikide zuwa siffar da ake da ita a yanzu.
* Kawrchei - Rigar riga mai launin ja mai launin kore fari.
* Puanchei - Farin ja koren bakin sarong.

Maza

* Khumbeu - Hula ta bamboo
* Mizo Shawl

Duk waɗannan kayan gargajiya na Cheraw Dance suna zuwa da launuka masu haske waɗanda ke ƙara haskaka yanayin da ke kewaye.

## Hotunan Hotuna

Fayil:The_artists_performing_a_dance_‘Cheraw_Kanpui’_during_the_inauguration_of_the_Chapchar_Kut_-2010_festivals_celebration,_in_Aizawl,_Mizoram_on_March_11,_2010.jpg|alt=Artists perform Cheraw dance during the inauguration of the Chapchar Kut 2010 festival in Aizawl, Mizoram| ’Yan wasan kwaikwayo sun yi rawar Cheraw a lokacin bikin buɗe bikin Chapchar Kut 2010 a Aizawl, Mizoram
Fayil:Cheraw.jpg
Fayil:மிசோ_நடனம்.jpg
Fayil:The_Vice_President,_Shri_M._Venkaiah_Naidu_witnessing_the_traditional_Cheraw_dance_performed_by_the_Students_of_Mizoram_University,_in_Aizawl,_Mizoram.JPG|alt=Cheraw dance performed by the Students of Mizoram University in Aizawl| Rawar Cheraw da Daliban Jami'ar Mizoram da ke Aizawl suka yi


## Duba kuma

* Bihu rawa
* Rawar Manipuri
* Rawar Bamboo ta Chin

## Manazarta
Achuhucanac

**Achuhucanac** shine allahn ruwan sama a cikin addinin Guanche a Tenerife, wanda aka gano tare da Allah Mafi Girma (Achaman). Sunansa ya fito ne daga: harshen ašu_hu_kanak Guanche wanda ke nufin "wannan yana cikin ruwan sama" ko "wanda ke cikin ruwan sama".

## Manazarta
Amokye

A cikin al'adun addini na Mutanen Akan da mutanen Nice na Ghana, **Amokye** ita ce mace da ke kula da ƙofar zuwa wancan duniya,  wanda ake kira Asamando  (Ƙasar Matattu).  Ita ce kuma mace da ke maraba da rayukan matattu zuwa sauran duniya. Bisa ga imanin, An yi wa mutanen Ashanti ado don binnewa a cikin amoasie (loincloths) da kayan ado, wanda suka ba Amokye a matsayin biyan kuɗi don barin su zuwa Asamando. 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Firkal

**Firkal** wata rawa ce ta gargajiya ta yaƙi ta ƙabilar Bhumij . Manyan kayan kida na Firkal sune takuba, kibiyoyi, baka da garkuwa. Ana iya samunta a cikin *Potka block* na Jharkhand da wasu sassan Odisha, Indiya . 

Firkal ya tsufa fiye da Kalaripayattu, har ma da waɗancan nau'ikan fasahar yaƙi waɗanda suka samo asali daga China da Japan, har yanzu salon rawa ne mai rai wanda aka gina bisa fasahar yaƙi, wanda galibi ƙabilun Bhumij na yankin Chotanagpur da ke Jharkhand ke yi.

Da farko, Firkal ya yi kama da kowace rawar mayaka da ƙabilun Afirka ke yi. Wakokin rawa a da sun kasance wasan kwaikwayo ne na farauta da kare kai, galibin abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne jarumtaka ta macho. Duk da haka, bayan lokaci, salon rayuwar Bhumjis da ke tasowa ya haifar da sauye-sauyen motsin rawa. A tsawon lokaci, motsin rawa ya canza zuwa motsa jiki na nishaɗi maimakon nuna ƙarfin hali na al'ada. Waɗannan matakan rawa ana kiransu da *Bagh Taal*, *Birsa Munda Taal,* *Pahalbani Taal, da sauransu.* suna nuna gwagwarmayar jarumtaka da al'ummar Bhumij ta fuskanta. Duk da haka, matasa, da alama ba su saba da waɗannan matakan rawa ba. 

Firkal har yanzu tana raye godiya ga ƙoƙarin Kalamandir— Gidauniyar Fasaha ta Celluloid (TCCAF), wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da ke Jamshedpur . Tsawon shekaru da yawa yanzu, ƙungiyar ta daɗe tana aiki ba tare da gajiyawa ba don farfaɗo da haɓaka Firkal. A yau, Firkal tana rayuwa a wani ƙauye mai duhu, Janumdih, na Potka block a gundumar Gabashin Singhbhum na Jharkhand . Ƙungiyar iyalai kusan 25 na Bhumij a nan har yanzu suna riƙe da al'adun wannan fanni. Masana sun ce Firkal, a zahiri, wani nau'in Kirpan Susun ne (Kirpan yana nufin takobi da rawar susun), wani nau'in rawa na gargajiya tsakanin ƙabilun Bhumij na Chhotanagpur. Hotunan rawa galibi zane ne na wuraren farauta da kare kai.

## Duba kuma

* Rawar gargajiya ta Jharkhand
* Jerin raye-rayen gargajiya na Odisha
* Bhumij
* Potka block

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
 

## Manazarta
Aiwel

**Aiwel** (wanda aka fi sani da **Aiwel Longar** ko **Ayuel**) jarumi ne na almara wanda ake la'akari da kakannin mutanen Bor da Dinka na Sudan ta Kudu.

## Wakilta
A cewar Asante da Mazama (2009), Aiwel an haife ta ne daga mahaifin Ruhun ruwa da mahaifiyar mutum. Kamar sauran jarumai masu ban mamaki, Aiwel yana da ikon ruhaniya kuma ya sami damar yin Ayyukan mu'ujiza.

Pyramid na Pwom Ayuel an dauke shi wurin binne Aiwel.

## Labaran da aka yi

### Haihuwar Aiwel
A cewar Lynch da Roberts (2010), akwai nau'o'i biyu na almara da ke nuna haihuwar Aiwel. A cikin labarin farko, an haifi Aiwel ga wata mace gwauruwa da ke kuka a kusa da kogi. Gwauruwar ta so ta haifi ɗa, amma mijinta ya mutu, kuma yanzu tana da 'yar kawai. Allahn kogi ya ga abin da ya faru kuma ya yanke shawarar ya albarkace ta da ɗa. Yayin da ta fito daga kogi, gwauruwar ta yi ciki.

Ba da daɗewa ba, gwauruwar ta haifi ɗa, Aiwel. Kodayake an haife shi kwanan nan, Aiwel ya riga ya iya motsawa da sadarwa a cikin cikakkun kalmomi. Gwauruwar ta gano baiwar Aiwel. Koyaya, ya gargadi ta cewa za ta mutu idan ta gaya wa kowa abin da Aiwel zai iya yi. Abin takaici, ta gaya wa wani, kuma mutuwa ta zo mata. Aiwel ya girma tare da mahaifinsa bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarsa. Daga ƙarshe, ya koma ƙauyen mahaifiyarsa.

A cikin labari na biyu, gwauruwar tana kan rafi tare da 'yarta don kama kifi lokacin da allahn kogi ya zubo ta. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ta yi juna biyu. Ya ɗauki shekaru takwas kafin ta haifi Aiwel. 'Yar gwauruwar ba ta yarda da Aiwel a matsayin ɗan'uwanta ba saboda ta yi la'akari da cewa ba zai yiwu ba saboda tsufa na gwauruwar. Aiwel ya zauna a ƙauyen duk da haka, kodayake ya yi ƙoƙari ya tsira kuma ya zama mai ra'ayi.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Folk dances of Sourashtra

Mutanen Sourashtra, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Saurashtra,  al'ummar Hindu ce ta kabilanci a Kudancin Indiya, waɗanda ke da raye-rayen jama'a da yawa waɗanda ake yin su a lokuta daban-daban. Waɗannan sun haɗa da Gebbi ko Gebbel, Konangi, da Dandi natana (kolane).

## Gebbi
Galibi ( Devanagari : गेब्बी) galibi ƙungiyoyin mata ne ke yin ta a lokutan addini daban-daban. Wannan rawa tana yawo a kusa da fitila mai suna "Thandili Diva" kuma a gaban mutum-mutumi, gumaka ko hotunan alloli da alloli. Rawar tana haɗa da motsin zagaye da karkace tare da tafa hannu. Wasannin Gebbi galibi sun haɗa da waƙoƙin ibada ( bhakti ), mawaƙa ko dai suna cikin ƙungiyar rawa ko kuma suna rabuwa. Kalmar *Gebbi* ta samo asali ne daga Garba-graha, kuma rawa tana wakiltar shakti, ƙarfin sararin samaniya na farko. Alamar alama ta duniyar waje ita ce tukunya cike da ruwa mai tsabta. A cikin wannan ruwa, ana kiran alloli da alloli su zauna na ɗan lokaci don albarka. Tsarin rawa na asali shine na da'ira da ke motsawa akasin agogo; idan sarari ya takura ko akwai mahalarta da yawa, masu rawa suna samar da da'ira mai ma'ana waɗanda ke motsawa a akasin haka. A ƙarshe, masu wasan kwaikwayo suna zagaye hoton allahiya ta uwa, kamar Amba, ko kuma a kusa da wakilcin alama na ƙarfinta na ƙirƙira - sau da yawa tukunya mai haske ko jirgin ruwa mai cike da ruwa. Rawa tana farawa a hankali kuma a hankali tana ƙaruwa da sauri.

## Dandi natana (kolane)
Dandi natana ( Devanagari : दांडी नटना) rawa ce ta sanda wadda ake yi a cikin motsi mai zagaye da karkace, ta hanyar danna sandar a kan masu rawa a gefe guda. Adadin masu wasan kwaikwayo zai iya ninkawa daga biyu, zuwa huɗu, zuwa takwas, goma sha shida, da sauransu.

## Konangi
Konangi ( Devanagari : कोनंगी) rawa ce ta masu barkwanci da maza ke yi. Yawanci tana faruwa ne a lokacin bikin Hindu na Rama Navami .  An yi wannan rawa ne don ba da labari da kuma yin wa'azi game da ɗabi'un rayuwar Ubangiji Rama da Ubangiji Krishna . Wannan rawa ce ta zamantakewa wadda ke wa'azin kyawawan tunani ga al'umma.

Rawar ta dogara ne akan labarin yaƙin Krishna da aljani Dantavakra . Lokacin da Krishna ya jefar da Sudarshana Chakra (makamin juyawa mai kama da faifan diski), Dantavakra ya kama shi a haƙoransa. Duk da haka, bai iya buɗe bakinsa don ya saki Chakra ba, saboda makamin da ke juyawa zai sare shi. Daga nan Krishna ya fara yin rawa mai ban dariya; ganin wanne, aljanin bai iya daina dariya ba. Ya buɗe bakinsa don yin dariya, Chakra kuma ya kashe shi. Daga wannan lamarin, aka haifi rawar Konangi.

## Duba kuma

* Rawa a Indiya
* Jerin abubuwan da suka faru na rawa da kiɗan gargajiya na Indiya
* Rawar gargajiya ta Indiya

## Manazarta
Ahangküha

**Ahangküha** wani kaya ne na gargajiya na Khiamniungans a Nagaland . Ana sa shi ne kawai a lokacin rawa ta gargajiya a bukukuwan ƙabila da ƙauye na shekara-shekara. 

## Tarihi
A zamanin da, irin waɗannan huluna masu siffar ƙwallo, leggings ( Hokthie ), gauntlet da sauransu, Khiamniungans ne ke yin su, kuma ana ciniki da su da sauran al'ummomin da ke makwabtaka da su.

## Sana'a
Tsarin hular yana da kyau sosai, yawanci launin ja ne, yana da gashin awaki ja da gashin ƙaho a kai akai-akai, tare da sarkar farce na damisa da ke rataye a haɓa.  Wasu an yi musu ado da ƙaho biyu masu haske a ɓangarorin biyu.  An yi su ne da ƙahon mithan. 

## Muhimmanci
Ana yin waɗannan ta amfani da kayan da aka tattara daga daji sama da goma sha biyu waɗanda ke da mahimmanci a tarihi a kan kowanne abu. Duk da haka, yanzu mutanen da ke yin su suna da matsala wajen samun kayan da aka ƙera. Don yin sahihanci kuma ana buƙatar a maye gurbinsu da na roba. An ƙera hular asali daga kayan kamar ƙusoshin damisa, haƙoran alade na daji, gashin ƙaho wanda ke nuna wadata, gashin akuya na daji, gashin beyar da sauransu. Duk waɗannan suna nuna babban jarumtaka da nasara akan maƙiya. Yanzu, irin waɗannan kayan ba su da yawa kuma suna buƙatar a maye gurbinsu da na roba.  

## Manazarta
Lezim

Wani lokaci kuma ana rubuta shi da " **Lezium** ", masu rawa na Lezim suna ɗauke da ƙaramin kayan kida tare da kuge mai jingling da ake kira Lezim ko lezium, wanda daga baya ake sanya wa nau'in rawa suna. Akwai aƙalla 'yan rawa 20 a cikin lezim na gargajiya. An sanya wa wannan rawa suna ne bayan wani salon magana na katako wanda aka sanya faifan ƙarfe siriri wanda ke samar da sautin jingling kuma masu rawa suna amfani da shi yayin rawa na gargajiya. Ana amfani da Dholki, kayan aikin ganguna, a matsayin babban kiɗan busa. Ana yin sa da kayan ado masu launi.  Ana amfani da wannan rawa a matsayin motsa jiki ta makarantu a Maharashtra, 'yan bindiga da sauran cibiyoyi saboda yana ɗauke da motsa jiki da yawa kuma yana iya zama mai wahala. 

Lezim motsa jiki ne mai ƙarfi da motsa jiki fiye da rawa; tsarin na iya zama biyu, huɗu har ma a cikin da'ira. A tarihi, akwai wasu bambance-bambancen lezim da ake yi a ƙauyukan Maharashtra da sassan Gujarat, duk da haka ba a cika amfani da su a yau ba. Wani nau'in ya yi amfani da sandar bamboo mai tsawon ƙafa 2.5 ( *Reedh* ) tare da sarkar ƙarfe ( *Dhanusyasarakhi* ). An yi amfani da wannan a matsayin nau'in motsa jiki fiye da rawa, domin lezim yana da nauyi. Irin waɗannan lezim ɗin ana yin su da hannu ne kawai. 

Wani nau'in lezim (wanda ake kira *Koyande* ) ya yi amfani da sandar katako, tsawon inci 15 zuwa 18, tare da huda ƙarshen biyu da sarkar ƙarfe mai nauyin kimanin kilogiram 1 tana ratsawa ta cikinta. Hakanan sun ƙunshi sarkar hannu mai tsawon inci 6 ( *salaisakhali* ), wanda ta cikinsa yatsu huɗu suka dace sosai. 

Siffar rawa ta karkara yawanci tana ƙunshe da 'yan rawa na lezim a jere biyu, suna maimaita jerin matakai, suna canza matakan duk bayan 'yan kaɗan. Don haka, wasan kwaikwayo na lezim na minti 5 zai iya ƙunshe da matakai 25 daban-daban da aka yi rawa tare. 

Sauran bambance-bambancen sun haɗa da rawa ta lezim a layuka huɗu, a cikin tsarin da'ira ɗaya ( *Nartakasamuhanni* ), ko kuma a cikin tsarin da'ira mai ma'ana ( *samuhanrtyanta nartakam* ) (kamar rawa ta garbha ), tare da kowane ɗan rawa yana juyawa kuma masu rawa na layuka daban-daban galibi suna yin lezim da juna. Shugaban zobe yana "sanar" canje-canje a matakai ta amfani da busa. 

Lezim ya shahara musamman a yankunan karkara na Maharashtra, wanda galibi ana yin sa a lokacin bikin Ganesh (गणेशोत्सव), a ƙauyen Jatras (taron addini) da kuma a makarantu a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin motsa jiki. 

Akwai manyan nau'ikan Lezim guda uku - lezim na soja (wanda aka fi sani da Baroda kuma galibi ana amfani da shi azaman fasahar yaƙi don tsaro), talathekya da samanyajananna. An gabatar da wasan lezim na farko ga masu sauraro na duniya a Wasannin Asiya na tara (1982, Delhi) inda 'yan wasan lezim na Maharashtrian 400 suka yi zanga-zanga.

Sunayen yankunan da ke cikin rawar Lezim sune  -

# Lezim - kusan rabin inci na sandar itace (todanna bandhaleli) da sarka da ake kira adakavalelya. Buga sarkar yana haifar da sauti kamar simbal
# halagi - a carmavadya
# ganga - ƙaramin ganga.
# Kuge - talasarakhe, amma mafi girma kuma tare da bakin pasarata na kiɗa.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin raye-rayen gargajiya na Indiya

## Manazarta
Lavanda Naach

**Lavanda Nach** ( Bhojpuri : 👂�👂�👂�𑂹𑂙𑂰 𑂢𑂰👂�𑂢𑂰𑂒; Lit .: Rawar Yaro) rawa ce ta gargajiya ta al'ummar Indiya, Nepal, Mauritius da Tsibirin Caribbean da ke magana da Bhojpuri.  Maza ne kawai ke yin ta, waɗanda ke sanye da kayan mata da ake kira "lavanda".  A lokacin bikin aure, masu rawa na lavanda su ne abin da ke jan hankalin jama'a, suna jagorantar tawagar ango zuwa gidan amarya.  

## Suna
Kalmar Bhojpuri *launda* a zahiri tana nufin matashin saurayi. Duk da haka, a rayuwar yau da kullun, wani lokacin ana amfani da ita azaman kalmar wulaƙanci ga namiji, wanda yake da ƙabilar mace kuma daga ƙabilar da ba ta da ƙabila.  Yayin da, kalmar *naach* tana nufin rawa.

A zamanin Mughal, 'yan Courtesan suna da matuƙar muhimmanci. Daga nan, rawar mata masu yin wasan kwaikwayo ta shahara tsakanin masu ba da lamuni da masu gidaje. Ana kiran wasan kwaikwayo da *baiji*, ana kuma kiran rawa *da baiji naach.* A gefe guda kuma, naach na samari ya shahara a tsakanin ƙananan kabilu, kuma ana kyautata zaton an yi amfani da kalmar launda da naach don bambanta ta da baiji naach. 

## Tarihi
An fara ambaton wannan rawar gargajiya a ƙarni na 11 wanda ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a yankin Bhojpuri kuma a ƙarni na 19, wannan ra'ayin canza salon fasaha na ƙarni zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo na mutane Bhikhari Thakur ne ya ƙirƙira shi, wanda shi ma aka yaba masa don yaɗa ta. A cikin shekarun farko na ƙarni na ashirin lokacin da duniya ke ganin canje-canje na juyin juya hali suna gane haƙƙin waɗanda aka zalunta, Bhikhari Thakur ya nuna gwagwarmayarsu da kuma yadda suke rayuwa ta hanyar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na noma wanda aka fi sani da 'Lavanda Naach', wanda ya ƙunshi "waƙoƙi, rawa, barkwanci, barkwanci, ba'a, barkwanci, barkwanci, da wasan kwaikwayo inda maza ke kwaikwayon mata a cikin wasannin kwaikwayo da ke ɗaukar dare duka." 

## Al'ada, ganewa da suka
Ramchandra Manjhi, almajirin Thakur na ƙarshe, ya gaji babban gado da kuma tarihin wasan kwaikwayo na Naach' Theatre kamar Bidesiya, Gabarghichor, Beti Bechwa, da dai sauransu  Manjhi mai shekaru 93 da haihuwa an ba shi lambar yabo ta Sangeet Natak Academi Award a shekara ta 2017 B. gidan wasan kwaikwayo.

Duk da haka, Lavanda Naach ta bambanta a tsawon lokaci, ta wuce iyakoki da sigogin da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Thakur suka kafa. Tare da karuwar hanyoyin nishaɗi da yawa, an kuma soki tsarin fasahar gargajiya saboda rasa 'ƙwarewa', yana ba da damar yin watsi da shi da kuma tabbatar da shi, kuma ya zama yanki na cin zarafi.  Duk da cewa an soki ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru da ke cikin Lavanda Naach saboda takaita shigar mata, dalili ɗaya da ke bayan wannan shine yawan fataucin mutane a yanayin 'ƙungiyoyin rawa marasa kyau', waɗanda ake kira *Aarkestra*, waɗanda ke samun karɓuwa a yankin da a da Lavanda Naach ya sami karbuwa sosai.  Wannan saurin canji yana tura ayyukan ƙungiyar Lavanda Naach don daidaitawa bisa ga buƙatun masu sauraro na yau da kullun. 

## Fitattun masu wasan kwaikwayo

* Bhikhari Thakur
* Khesari Lal Yadav
* Ramchandra Manjhi

## Manazarta
Khual Lam

**Khual Lam** rawa ce ta gargajiya ta Mizo daga jihar Mizoram ta Indiya wadda ake yi wa baƙi.  A zamanin yau, ana yin ta a kowace babbar bikin al'adu na Mizo amma har yanzu tana riƙe da al'adar yin wasa ga baƙi kamar Babban Ministan Jiha, ko jami'an gwamnati . 

## Aiki

### Tufafi
Mata masu rawa suna sanya *Puandum*, wanda babban shawl ne mai launin ja, rawaya, da kore da aka saka da hannu. An lulluɓe *Puandum* a kan kafadun mata. Girman tsiri na iya bambanta. 

Maza suna rawa suna sanya *Ngotekherh*, wani babban shawl na gargajiya mai launin baƙi tare da ratsi baƙi da fari. Tsarin baƙaƙen na iya bambanta daga murabba'i zuwa ratsi. Haka kuma an lulluɓe shi a kan kafadun maza. 

### Wasan kwaikwayo

A kashi na farko na rawar Khual Lam ta yau da kullun, masu rawa suna miƙa hannu ɗaya yayin da suke ɗaukar mataki gaba sannan su ja hannun baya don girgiza shawl ɗinsu sannan su yi haka ga ɗayan hannu da ƙafa. Kashi na biyu na rawar shine inda namiji da mace ke fuskantar juna; da farko suna juyawa gefe zuwa gefe, sannan su lanƙwasa, sannan su tura gwiwar hannu/hannunsu baya don shawl/zanen su motsa. 

A lokutan da ba kasafai ake samun irin su bukukuwan al'adu ba, ana ƙara wasu matakai da suka fi na gargajiya, kamar ɗaga yadi sama sannan a durƙusa a hankali yayin da ake ɗaga hannunka, sannan a maimaita matakin. Zai yi kyau idan aka duba daga sama yayin da tsoffin shugabannin Mizo za su kalli daga dutse. 

### Rakiya
Ba a rera waƙoƙi a lokacin rawa, maimakon haka, ana raka su da kayan kida na gargajiya, galibi dar ( gong ) da khuang (ganga) waɗanda galibi ana bugunsu da 7/8. 

## Asalin Ma'anar
Khual Lam yana nufin rawar baƙi, wanda ya samo asali daga kalmomin Mizo *khual* (ma'ana "baƙo") da *lam* (ma'ana "rawa"). 

## Asalin tatsuniyoyi
An sanya wa Tlatea ɗan Pangrawn na uku suna Kalkawilama, wanda ke zaune a Kawilam. Wata rana, an yi bikin garin Kawilam da Chapchar Kut . Abokan Tlatea sun dawo daga shan giya, suka naɗe zubel ɗinsu (tukwane) a cikin babban zane suka kawo shi Kawilam. Mutanen Kawilam na asali sun gan su suka yi ihu:"Kai! Baƙi (ana iya fassara su a matsayin baƙi) suna rawa zuwa gare mu!"mai suna Khual Lam. 

## Abubuwan da suka faru a tarihi
Mutanen Mizo kafin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya sun yi imanin cewa rai ko dai ya je Pialral, wanda shine aljanna, ko kuma Mitthi Khua wanda shine jahannama. Sakhua sun ce mutum zai iya shiga pialral ne kawai ta hanyar samun taken Thangchhuah, inda dole ne a ƙware rawa ko farauta don samun wannan taken.

Bikin Khuangchawi shine inda ake ba da taken Thangchhuah, kuma ya zama dole a gayyaci mutane daga ƙauyukan da ke kusa a wannan lokacin. A kan hanyarsu ta zuwa bikin, an yi wa Khual Lam wa'azi ga waɗanda aka gayyata. 

## Manazarta
Khamba Thoibi Jagoi

**Khamba Thoibi dance** ( Meitei : Khamba Thoibi Jagoi), wanda ake kuma kira rawar gargajiya ta Khamba Thoibi ko balet ɗin Khamba Thoibi, wata rawar gargajiya ce ta al’ummar Meitei wadda ke ba da labarin gimbiya Thoibi da masoyinta Khamba.
An sadaukar da rawar ne ga allahntaka Thangching, wanda shi ne allahn ƙasa na tsohuwar masarautar Keke Moirang ta zamanin da. 
Wannan rawa na daga cikin abubuwan da suka ba da gudummawa wajen haɓakar Manipuri Raas Leela, wata sabuwar salo ta wasan kwaikwayon rawa na gargajiyar Indiya da ta biyo baya.
Ana kyautata zaton Khuman Khamba da Moirang Thoibi ne suka fara yin wannan rawa, a gaban Thangjing. 

## Asali
A Masarautar Moirang, Sarki Koyamba ya roƙi Khuman Khamba da abokin hamayyarsa Nongban su kawo masa kyawawan furannin orchids a tsaunuka don bikin Lai Haraoba, don girmama allahn Thangching. Bayan shawo kan babbar matsala da kuma kulawa sosai, Khamba ya kawo mafi kyawun furanni daga daji; Nongban, bai gamu da wata matsala ba kwata-kwata, amma ya kawo furanni da suka lalace saboda rashin kulawarsa. Nongba ya fara bayar da furanni ga Sarki sannan kuma ga wasu; Khamba, kasancewarsa mutum mai tawali'u, ya karɓi shawarar firist, ya fara shirya furanni kafin Thangching, sannan ya miƙa su ga Sarki, Sarauniya, da manyan jami'an masarauta. Da yake sun gamsu da ladabi da ɗabi'ar Khamba, sarakuna da manyan mutane sun ba shi kyaututtuka masu wuya, sau da yawa fiye da kyaututtukan da Kongyamba ta samu.

Bayan Nongban da matansa sun yi rawa, Khamba da masoyinsa Thoibi suka yi rawa suka rera waƙa a gaban Thangching, mutanen kuma suka taru suka yi ihu da farin ciki yayin da suke rawa, suna juyawa tare har sai da suka durƙusa suna gaishe da Allah.

## Wasan kwaikwayo na rawa na zamani
A shekarun 1960, Mrs. Vimala Raina ta shirya wani sabon wasan kwaikwayo na rawa, wanda ya dogara ne akan labarin gargajiya na Khamba da Thoibi. An yi shi a karon farko a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1960. 

## Duba kuma

* Bikin Moirang Shai
* Leima Jagoi
* Moirang Sai

## Manazarta
Gussadi dance

**Rawar Gussadi** wata rawa ce ta gargajiya ta gargajiya da ta samo asali daga al'adun ƙabilun Raj Gond, musamman a gundumar Adilabad da ke Telangana, Indiya,  da kuma wasu sassan Maharashtra. Ƙungiyoyin Dandari ne ke yin ta a lokacin bikin diwali, wani biki da ƙabilun Gond ke yi kowace shekara, wanda yawanci ke ɗaukar tsawon kwanaki tara a lokacin Diwali. Bikin ya ƙunshi al'adun ƙabilu, wanda ke nuna ɗabi'un jama'a da haɗin kai a zamantakewa. Kanaka Raju ya shahara da rawar Gussadi mai ƙarfi A shekarar 1982, wanda ya karɓi padma shri a shekarar 2021.

## Bikin Dandari da wasan kwaikwayo na rawa
Bikin Dandari yana farawa ne da ranar "Bhogi" ta hanyar bauta wa alkalami da kayan kiɗa da ake amfani da su a rawar Gussadi kamar Parra, Vette, Kodal da sauransu..kuma yana ƙarewa da ranar "Kolabodi". A wannan lokacin, ƙungiyar 'yan wasan Dandari da ta ƙunshi maza da mata suna tafiya daga ƙauye zuwa wani suna yin gussadi da sauran raye-rayen gargajiya. Masu rawa suna sanya riguna masu ƙarfi da kayan ado, gami da rawani da aka yi wa ado da gashin tsuntsu, ƙahonin barewa, gashin baki na wucin gadi da gemu da kuma riguna masu launin rawaya da safron. Suna kuma sanya kayan ado da madauri a ƙafafunsu da kugunsu, suna ɗauke da ma'aikatan yayin da suke rawa cikin salon kayan kida na ƙabilanci. . . 

## Tsarin rawa da suturar sa

Maza ne kawai ke yin rawar Gussadi, an tsara su zuwa ƙungiyoyi da ake kira Dandari, tare da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi da aka sani da Gussadi. 

## Manazarta
Fugdi

**Fugdi** rawa ce ta gargajiya da mata daga wasu al'ummomin Konkanies ke yi a yankin gabar tekun Konkan na jihohin Goa da Maharashtra a lokacin bukukuwan addini na Hindu kamar Ganesh Chaturthi da Vrata ko kuma a ƙarshen wasu raye-raye kamar Dhalo . A cewar wasu bayanai na tarihi, ana cewa an ƙirƙiri wannan salon rawa ne daga wasu tsoffin al'adun Goan. Bugu da ƙari, ana yin wannan rawa galibi a watan Hindu na Bhadrapada, lokacin da mata galibi ke hutawa don guje wa gundura da ke tasowa daga ayyukan yau da kullun. Bugu da ƙari, ana yin ta ne a lokacin bukukuwan addini da na zamantakewa.

Baya ga kasancewarsa salon rawa, wani lokacin ana yin fugdi a matsayin gasa (kamar a gasar Olympics ta Chhattisgarhiya ), wanda a wannan yanayin, wanda zai iya zama ɗan wasan da ya fi tsayi yayin da yake yin rawar fugdi zai yi nasara. 

## Tushen gargajiya
Fugdi wani nau'in fasaha ne da za a iya gano shi daga al'adun gargajiya na farko na Maharashtra da Goa. Ana yin sa ne a lokutan bukukuwa daban-daban na addini da zamantakewa. Ana yin Fugdi galibi a watan Bhaadrapada, wani lokaci ne da mata za su huta na ɗan lokaci daga jadawalinsu na yau da kullun, mai ban mamaki. Ana samun salon fugdi na musamman a tsakanin mata daga dhangar (makiyaya). Ana yin kalashi fugdi a gaban allahiya Mahalaxkshmi a lokacin da ake miƙa wa wannan allahiya.

## Fasaha
Matan suna waƙa da rawa yayin da suke yin wasan kwaikwayo daban-daban - a cikin da'ira ko a cikin layuka. Yawanci mata a ƙauyuka suna rawa Fugdi a cikin da'ira, mata kuma a cikin matsugunan daji suna tsara layuka.  Rawar tana farawa da kiran Allolin Hindu. Saurin yana da jinkiri a farko, to amma ba da daɗewa ba yana kaiwa ga sauri, yana kaiwa kololuwa. Ba a bayar da tallafin bugun zuciya ba. A matsakaicin gudu, masu rawa suna daidaita sautin ta hanyar hura iska ta bakin da ke kama da "FOO". Don haka sunan Foogdi ko Fugdi. Ɓangaren matakai da motsin hannu da zagayawa hannu sune manyan abubuwan. Ba a sami kayan kida ko rakiyar kiɗa tare da rawa ba, amma waƙoƙin fugdi na musamman ba su da yawa.

## Ƙananan siffofi
Girki, Cycle, Rahat, Zimma, Karvar, Bus Fugdi, Kombda, Ghuma, da Pakhwa suna cikin shahararrun nau'ikan. Kalashi Fugdi ya fara ne a matsayin hanyar karya wahalar ɗebo ruwa daga nesa. Matan za su yi rawa zuwa ramukan ruwa yayin da suke hura iska a cikin tukwane marasa komai. Katti Fugdi wani nau'i ne da aka fi sani, wanda aka yi shi da harsashin kwakwa a hannunsu.

## Duba kuma

* Deknni
* Shigmo
* Mando
* Dulpod

## Manazarta
Alva Chinn

**Alva Chinn** wata 'yar Amurka ce mai tallan kayan kwalliya. 

## Rayuwar farko, farkon aiki

Tana da zuri'ar Sinanci, Turanci, Indiyanci, da Baƙar fata.  Ta girma a Boston inda ta kasance mai kula da karatun sakandare a ajin makarantar sakandare.  Yayin da take halartar Jami'ar Massachusetts, ta yi tallan kayan kwalliya don fitowar kwaleji ta mujallar  . Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, ta ƙaura zuwa New York don fara aikin tallan kayan kwalliya.

## Aiki
Ta yi wa Halston, Saint Laurent, Chanel, da Chloé kwalliya. Gianni Versace ta yi mata rajista ta musamman don yin kwaikwayon tarin kayansa a farkon shekarun 1980. A shekara ta 2004, ita da mai zane Stephen Burroughs sun yi aiki tare kan tarin kayan.

Tare da Pat Cleveland, Anjelica Huston, Pat Ast, Karen Bjornson, Nancy North da Connie Cook, da sauransu, ta zama ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyar samfuran da Halston ya fi so, waɗanda aka yi wa laƙabi da Halstonettes. A shekarar 2019, tana ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin samfuransa da aka yi hira da su don fim ɗin shirin gaskiya *Halston* . Ta kuma bayyana a murfin kundin wakokin Chic na 1977 mai taken *Chic* . 

## Kyaututtuka
A shekarar 2011, an karrama Chinn ta hanyar lambar yabo ta *Huffington Post* Game Changer Awards. An karrama samfuran Baƙar fata 'yan Amurka da aka nuna a cikin The Battle of Versailles Fashion Show wanda aka gudanar a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba, 1973, a Fadar Versailles da ke Faransa. An shirya bikin nuna kayan kwalliya don tara kuɗi don gyara fadar. Chinn yana cikin samfuran da aka amince da su, ciki har da Pat Cleveland, Bethann Hardison, Billie Blair, Norma Jean Darden, Charlene Dash, Jennifer Brice, Barbara Jackson, China Machado, Ramona Saunders, da Amina Warsuma .  

## Manazarta
FC Gintra

**Futbolo klubas Gintra**, wanda kuma aka fi sani da **FC Gintra**, ko kuma kawai Gintra, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta mta Lithuania da ke Šiauliai. Kulob din yana fafatawa a gasar A lyga (mata), babban wasan kwallon kafa na Lithuania. 

Lauyoyin kungiyar kore da fari ne. Kulob din yana buga wasa a filin wasa na Savivaldybės stadionas da ke Šiauliai wanda ke da karfin 6,000.

## Daraja
*  **[[A lyga (mata)]] (24):** 1999, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025

## Matsayin Lig

## Diddigin bayanai

## Sauran yanar gizo
* Tashar yanar gizo
Shelby Ivey Christie

Shelby Ivey Christie ƙwararriyar masaniyar kayan kwalliya ce ta Amurka. Ta ƙware a cikin gudummawar masu zane-zane baƙaƙe. Christie ta fi shahara da rubuta labaran Twitter game da takamaiman lokuta ko mutane a tarihin kayan kwalliya.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Christie a birnin New York kuma tana zaune a Denver, Colorado tun tana da shekaru 3.  Ita da mahaifiyarta sun ƙaura zuwa Charlotte, North Carolina lokacin tana da shekaru 10. 

Christie ta ji daɗin tarihi tun tana ƙarama kuma ta haddace ranaku da bayanai cikin sauƙi.  Salon Black Southern ya jawo sha'awarta ga salon kwalliya, kamar dogayen riguna masu tsayi da rigunan jersey da ke da alaƙa da al'adar crunk .  Ta kuma ambaci shirin talabijin *na 106 &amp;amp; Park* da mujallun  da  a matsayin tasirin farko. Ta ambaci Mildred Blount a matsayin mai zanen da ta fi so. 

Christie ta sami digirin farko a fannin launin fata, tarihi, da al'adu daga Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina A&amp;amp;T .  Ya zuwa watan Satumba na 2020, tana kammala digirin ta na biyu a fannin karatun sutura a Jami'ar New York . 

## Sana'a
Christie ta taɓa yin aikin ɗaurin kurkuku a  da *InStyle* .  Bayan kammala karatu, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai tsara tallan dijital da tallace-tallace a  .  Ta yaba da wannan matsayin da ta koya yadda ake amfani da Twitter don rubuta dogayen zare a cikin gajerun labarai, tana yin cikakken bayani game da takamaiman sassan tarihin salon.  Da gangan ta yi amfani da AAVE, memes, da maganganun magana a cikin zaren ta don ƙalubalantar ƙa'idodin magana da suka shafi ilimi.  Daga cikin zaren ta da aka yaɗa sun haɗa da Arthur McGee, mai zane-zanen Baƙar fata na farko wanda ya yi aiki a 7th Avenue, da kuma zaren game da aikin fim na Josephine Baker . 

Christie ta ƙware a fannin bayanai game da tarihin salon a mahadar launin fata da al'adu.  Manufarta ita ce ta raba gudummawar masu zane-zanen baƙar fata a tarihin salon.  Christie kuma tana neman yaba wa gudummawar tarihi da masu zane-zanen baƙar fata suka bayar ga salon da ba a san shi sosai ba, kamar aikin mai zane Felicia Farrar .  Tana kuma fafutukar ganin an yi canje-canje a tsarin don magance ƙarancin shugabannin baƙar fata a masana'antar. 

Ta haɗu da Netflix don yin wani zaren salon zamani na Beyoncé 's  .  Ta kuma ɗauki nauyin wani shiri na Instagram Live inda ta yi hira da Zerina Akers, mai tsara kayan kwalliya na *Black Is King*, wanda ke da masu kallo kusan 16,000. 

### Accolades

* 2020 - *Dazed*, Dazed 100 
* 2020 - *Forbes*, 30 ƙasa da 30 

## Manazarta
Stephanie Chung

**Stephanie Chung** babbar jami'ar kasuwanci ce ta Amurka, wacce ita ce Ba'amurke Ba'amurke ta farko da ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar wani kamfanin jiragen sama mai zaman kansa a Amurka. Ta kasance shugabar JetSuite daga watan Agusta na shekarar 2018 zuwa Afrilu na 2020. A watan Agusta na 2020, Chung ta zama babbar jami'ar ci gaban Wheels Up . Ta taɓa riƙe mukamai a Bombardier Aerospace, SkyJet Airlines, da Flexjet .

## Sana'a
Chung ta fara aiki a matsayin mai kula da jiragen sama na Piedmont Airlines a shekarun 1980, tana tattara jiragen sama da kuma loda kaya a filin jirgin saman Logan na kasa da kasa . A wasu lokutan tana aiki a kan teburin tikitin jiragen sama don neman ƙarin kuɗi. Tana da shekaru 25, bayan da US Airways ta sayi Piedmont, Chung ta fara aiki a fannin tallace-tallace na kamfanoni inda adadin kuɗinta ya kai dala miliyan 25.  Bombardier Aerospace ta ɗauke ta aiki a shekarar 2000 a matsayin darektan tallace-tallace a sashen haya na jiragen sama . Daga baya Chung ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar tallace-tallace ta yankin gabar tekun Amurka ta Yamma. Chung ta riƙe mukamai na zartarwa a SkyJet Airlines .  A matsayinta na mataimakiyar shugabar tallace-tallace ta Flexjet, ta jagoranci ƙungiyar dabarun ciniki da tallace-tallace don samar da kudaden shiga na dala miliyan 835. 

A shekarar 2014, Chung ta kafa wani kamfanin ba da shawara wanda ya mayar da hankali kan horar da manyan jami'ai kan tallace-tallace. Ta nemi shawara daga shugaban kamfanin jiragen sama Alex Wilcox wanda ya dauki Chung a matsayin shugaban JetSuite a watan Agusta na shekarar 2018.  Chung shi ne Ba'amurke ɗan Afirka na farko da ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban wani kamfanin jiragen sama mai zaman kansa a Amurka.   A matsayinsa na shugaba, Chung ya sake daukar JetSuite a matsayin kamfanin jiragen sama mai tsada ta hanyar inganta jiragen da kuma inganta ayyuka. A wannan lokacin, Kungiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta ayyana JetSuite a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyawun wurare don aiki. Kamfanin ya shigar da kara kan fatara a Babi na 11 a watan Afrilun 2020. 

A watan Agusta na 2020, Chung ya zama babban jami'in ci gaban Wheels Up na farko.  A cikin wannan matsayin, Chung yana kula da sayen abokan ciniki don ƙara yawan kuɗaɗen shiga ta hanyar rarraba tushen membobinsu.  Don Watan Wayar da Kan Jama'a Kan Ciwon Nono a 2020, Chung ya jagoranci shirin Wheels Up Cares don wayar da kan jama'a da kuɗaɗen Cibiyar Nono ta Dubin ta Cibiyar Ciwon Nono ta Tisch a Asibitin Mount Sinai da ke Manhattan . 

Chung yana aiki a majalisar ba da shawara kan Ƙungiyar Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Ƙasa . 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An haifi Chung a sansanin sojojin sama .  Ta kasance ƙawar soja wadda ke yawan ƙaura saboda mahaifinta wanda babban sajen ne a rundunar sojin sama ta Amurka .   A shekara ta 2008, an gano Chung tana da cutar kansar mama .  Ta auri     Chung tana zaune a Dallas .  Yarta ta kafa ƙungiyar agaji, ƙungiyar masu zaman kansu, mai suna Uplish Society, da nufin rage kashe kai da matasa ke yi . 

## Manazarta
Camille A. Clare

Camille Angela Clare ƙwararriyar likitan mata ce ƴar Amurka. Ita ce Shugabar Sashen Kula da Cututtukan Mata da Cututtukan Mata a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta SUNY Downstate kuma Farfesa a Kwalejin Magunguna da Makarantar Lafiyar Jama'a.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Clare ga wasu baƙi ƴan Jamaica biyu a birnin New York, New York.  Ta kammala digirinta na farko a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam daga Jami'ar Binghamton a shekarar 1992 da kuma digirinta na likitanci daga Kwalejin Magunguna ta Albert Einstein a shekarar 1997. Bayan haka, Clare ta kammala karatunta a fannin kula da mata da haihuwa a Jami'ar Buffalo a shekarar 2001.  A lokacin da take Binghamton, ta kasance memba a ƙungiyar Charles Drew Pre-Health Society.  Tun daga watan Nuwamba na 2008, Clare ta shiga cikin Kwamitin Ba da Shawara ga Tsoffin Dalibai na Charles Drew, wanda ya ƙunshi tsoffin ɗalibai. 

## Sana'a
Bayan kammala karatunta na yau da kullun, Clare ta shiga jami'ar Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta New York. Yayin da take aiki a can a matsayin farfesa a fannin Kula da Mata da Cututtukan Mata, ta kuma jagoranci Resident Research.  A shekarar 2016, an nada Clare a matsayin shugabar wucin gadi ta bambancin ra'ayi da haɗaka a Makarantar Likitanci.  A shekara mai zuwa, an karrama ta da Harlem Fine Arts Show saboda "ingancinta na ƙwararru, gudunmawarta ga fannin likitanci, da kuma ƙoƙarinta na tsara sabbin ƙwararrun likitoci."  A shekarar 2018, an karrama Clare da lambar yabo ta 2018 ta daidaiton jinsi daga reshen Kwalejin na Ƙungiyar Matan Likitoci ta Amurka. 

A lokacin annobar COVID-19, Clare ta zama Shugabar Sashen Kula da Cututtukan Mata da Yara kuma Farfesa a Kwalejin Magunguna da Makarantar Lafiyar Jama'a a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta SUNY Downstate .  Daga baya, ta kuma sami kyautar gundumar da ta fi fice ta Kwalejin Likitoci da Mata ta Amurka saboda "jajircewarta wajen magance rashin daidaito a fannin lafiya da rashin daidaito a fannin kiwon lafiya." 

## Manazarta
Uraina Clark

Uraina Simone Clark ƙwararriyar masaniyar jijiyoyin Amurka ce kuma Daraktar dakin gwaje-gwaje na Neuropsychology and Neuroimaging a Makarantar Magunguna ta Icahn da ke Mount Sinai . Bincikenta ya yi amfani da hoton maganadisu mai aiki don fahimtar yadda damuwa ke shafar kwakwalwa da ɗabi'a. Ta yi nazarin tasirin wariya ga aikin kwakwalwa, kuma ta nuna cewa wariya ta zamantakewa tana haifar da ƙaruwar aikin amygdala .

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
A kwaleji, Clark ta yi aiki a dakunan gwaje-gwaje da dama na bincike, wanda ya koya mata "ƙarfin juyin halitta na kimiyya" kuma ya ba ta kwarin gwiwa zuwa ga aikin bincike.  Tana da alaƙa da Dr. Richard A. Smith, likita wanda ya yi aiki a Ofishin Daidaita Dama ga Lafiya na Babban Likita na Amurka kuma ya kula da raba asibitocin Amurka a shekarun 1960.  Clark ta sami digirin digirgir a Jami'ar Boston, inda ta yi nazarin fahimtar motsin fuska a cikin cutar Parkinson .  Ta kasance mai horon aiki a asibiti a ƙungiyar ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ta Jami'ar Brown . A nan ta yi nazarin tasirin damuwa a rayuwar farko kan matsalar jijiyoyi na mutanen da ke ɗauke da cutar HIV . 

## Bincike da aiki
Clark ta yi nazarin yadda aikin kwakwalwa ke shafar hali. Ta yi nazarin tasirin kamuwa da cutar HIV da kuma abubuwan da suka faru a rayuwa masu muni suna shafar tsarin kwakwalwa da aikinta.  A shekarar 2016 an ba Clark kyautar Kimiyyar Suffrage ta Majalisar Binciken Lafiya . 

Clark ta kuma yi nazarin tasirin wariya ga lafiyar jiki da ta kwakwalwa ta mutane. Ta yi amfani da hoton maganadisu mai aiki don fahimtar tasirin wariya ga aikin kwakwalwa. A matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan ƙoƙarin, ta nuna cewa wariya ta zamantakewa tana haifar da ƙaruwa a cikin aikin amygdala .  A lokacin annobar COVID-19, ya bayyana cewa Baƙar fata, 'yan asalin ƙasar ko mutanen da ba su da launin fata ( BIPOC ) sun fi kamuwa da mummunan nau'in cutar coronavirus . Clark ya yi jayayya cewa al'ummar kimiyyar likitanci dole ne su yi amfani da hanyoyin yaƙi da wariyar launin fata, suna haɗa sabbin manufofi da tsarin ɗaukar nauyi. 

A shekarar 2021, an saka Clark a cikin jerin masana kimiyya, 'yan kasuwa da masu zuba jari da ke haɓaka ci gaban fasahar kere-kere ta Jihar New York ta hanyar City & State NY. 

## Zaɓi wallafe-wallafe

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## Manazarta