open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Samuel Abdulai Jabanyite

## Kuruciya da Aiki
Samuel Abdulai Jabanyite (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Maris 1972) ɗan ƙasar Ghana ne wanda ke shiga harkokin siyasa. Abdulai ya sami digiri na biyu (B.ED.) (Nazarin zamantakewa) daga Jami'ar Cape Coast, takardar shaidar digiri na biyu (Masters of Governance) daga Makarantar Gudanarwa da Jagoranci, GIMPA, takardar shaidar daga Jami'ar Cranfield, Kwalejin Sojoji da Ma'aikata ta Ghana, Cibiyar Ci gaban Gudanarwa da Samar da Ayyuka, Cibiyar Nazarin Hukumomin Ƙananan Hukumomi, da Madison Pine, Birtaniya  

## Manazarta
Amade Camal

**Amade Chemane Camal Jr.** (1954 - 18 Satumba 2025) ɗan siyasa ne kuma ɗan kasuwa ɗan ƙasar Mozambique. Babban jami'in gudanarwa na Sir Comercio Internacional, kuma uban manyan harkokin sufuri a Mozambique. Ya kasance memba na majalisar dokokin jamhuriyar Mozambique na Lardin Nampula daga shekarun 1994 zuwa 1999.

Camal ya yi suka game da matsalolin tsara birane a Maputo, yana mai cewa rashin kyawun kayayyakin more rayuwa na birnin yana taimakawa wajen haifar da cunkoson ababen hawa, musamman a lokacin cunkoson ababen hawa, kuma yana cutar da zirga-zirgar birane a gundumar.

A shekarar 2023, domin nuna rashin amincewa da mamayar da Isra'ila ke yi wa Falasɗinu, wasu ƙungiyoyin Mozambique sun kafa wani yanki na "yankin da ba shi da wariyar launin fata na Isra'ila". Kamfanin Camal, Sir International, ya shiga zanga-zangar, yana mai cewa ba za su sayar da duk wani kayan ƙasar Isra'ila ba.

Wani Musulmi,  Camal ya halarci bikin Eid al-Adha a Maputo. Ya yi Allah wadai da karuwar addinin Musulunci a Mozambique, yana mai cewa Musulunci addini ne na zaman lafiya. 

Camal ya mutu a ranar 18 ga watan Satumba, 2025, yana da shekaru 71 a duniya.

## Manazarta
Debendra Nath Ghosh

**Debendra Nath Ghosh** (22 Afrilu 1890 - 11 Janairu 1999) ɗan siyasan Bangladesh ne daga Barisal . An zabe shi a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Gabashin Bengal a shekara ta 1954. 

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Ghosh a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 1890 a Barisal ga Nibaron Ghosh da Rajlakshmi Ghosh a Barisal .  Ya shiga cikin Harshen Harshe .  An zabe shi a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Gabashin Bengal a shekara ta 1954. An ɗaure shi na tsawon shekaru 27 saboda yin zanga-zanga a lokutan Burtaniya da Pakistan da kuma bayan haka.

Ghosh ya mutu a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun 1999 a gidansa a Barisal yana da shekaru 108. 

## Manazarta
Habibur Rahman (Jessore siyasa)

**Habibur Rahman** (Bengali; 1910 - 6 Satumba 1955) ɗan siyasa ne kuma lauya daga Jashore, Bangladesh. Ya shahara ne saboda sa hannu a cikin ƙungiyar yaren Bengali.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Habibur a shekara ta 1910 a Bangaon, wanda a lokacin Mahakuma ne na babban Gundumar Jessore. 

## Ayyuka
Habibur ta yi karatun shari'a a Kolkata kuma ta fara aiki a Jessore a shekara ta 1937. Ya kasance yana da alaƙa da siyasa tare da ƙungiyar A. K. Fazlul Huq-led na Daular Musulmi. Bayan kafa kungiyar Awami Daular Musulunci ta Gabashin Pakistan (tsohon sunan Awami League) a 1949, ya zama shugaban farko na kwamitin gundumar Jessore. A shekara ta 1948, ya kasance memba na Kwamitin Ayyukan Harshe na Kasa a Jessore, wanda ya bukaci gwamnati ta amince da Bengali a matsayin harshen jihar Pakistan. Saboda rawar da ya taka a cikin yunkurin yaren Bengali, an kama shi kuma an tura shi kurkuku saboda yin makirci da jihar a watan Afrilu na wannan shekarar. Kodayake lauya Mashiur Rahman ya yi ƙoƙari ya sami belinsa, an hana shi belinsa, kuma an kama Mashiur Rahman a maimakon haka. A halin yanzu, masu gwagwarmayar harshe da yawa da aka tsare sun fara yajin aikin yunwa a kurkuku don nuna rashin amincewa da cin zarafin. Tsohon babban ministan Bengal, Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy, ya yanke shawarar zuwa Jessore daga Kolkata don magance halin da ake ciki. A karkashin wadannan yanayi, an saki Habibur daga kurkuku a ranar 19 ga Afrilu.

Habibur Rahman ya mutu a ranar 6 ga Satumba 1955. Ɗansa, Khaledur Rahman Tito, tsohon minista ne kuma memba na majalisa. Yayansa, Mosharraf Hossain, ya shiga cikin Yakin 'Yanci na Bangladesh kuma ya kafa mataimakin shugaban JASOD.

## Manazarta
Gaziul Haque

**Abu Naser Muhammad Gaziul Haque** (13 ga Fabrairu 1929 - 17 ga Yuni 2009) ya kasance mai fafutukar harshe kuma shugaban mai fafutuka a lokacin yunkurin harshen Bengali . 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Haque a ƙauyen Nichintapur na Chhagalnaiya Upazila a Gundumar Feni zuwa Nurjahan Begum da Sirajul Haque . Ya sami karatunsa na farko daga Makarantar Kashipur, kuma ya kammala jarrabawarsa daga Makarantar Bogura Zilla a 1946. Ya wuce jarrabawar zane-zane daga Kwalejin Azizul Haque a shekarar 1948. Ya kammala karatun digiri na farko da masters a tarihi daga Jami'ar Dhaka a 1951 da 1952 bi da bi da kuma digiri na LLB daga wannan jami'ar a 1956. 

A shekara mai zuwa a watan Satumba ya shiga taron dimokuradiyya a Dhaka. Ya kasance shugaban jerin labarai da aka buga a cikin jaridar Morning News ta yau da kullun.

## Ayyuka
Tun daga farkon kwanakinsa, Haque ya shiga cikin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na ci gaba. An kama shi a shekarar 1942 saboda maye gurbin Union Jack tare da tutar kungiyar Musulmi da ke tashi a kan ginin gwamnati a Ramna. A shekara ta 1944, an zabe shi shugaban kungiyar Chhatra Muslim League ta Gundumar Bogra . Ya jagoranci wani procession a harabar Jami'ar Dhaka don nuna rashin amincewa da sanarwar babban ministan Khwaja Nazimuddin a ranar 30 ga Janairun 1952 game da batun harshe. Haque ya jagoranci taron Amtala na tarihi da aka gudanar a ranar 21 ga Fabrairu 1952. An yanke shawarar keta sashi na 144 na tsarin aikata laifuka ne don fahimtar bukatar yin Bengali a matsayin harshen jihar Pakistan. Wannan aikin ya haifar da Ranar Motsi na Harshe.

An daure Haque a 1953, 1954 da 1975 saboda dalilai daban-daban.

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1971, shi tare da mayakan 'yanci 27 sun kai hari kan Aria Cantonment a Arewacin Bengal kuma sun sake shi. An kuma san yakin da Chili-fight .

Haque ya kasance memba na yau da kullun na Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Awami League kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa *Kwamitin Ekattorer Ghatak Dalal Nirmul* . Ya kuma kasance shugaban Cibiyar Labarai ta Bangladesh (PIB) da Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya da Asibitin Bogra Hamdard Unani . 

## Ayyuka

* Jeler Kabita (1969) 
* Ebarer Sangram Swadhinatar Sangram (1971) 
* Egiye Cholo (1971) 
* Bangladesh Unchained (1971) 
* Dokokin watsa labarai da Dokoki a Bangladesh (1992) 
* Muhammad Sultan (1994) 
* Bangladesh-er Gena Medhaym Ain o Bidhimala (1996) 
* Uchcha Adalate Bangla (2003) 

## Manazarta
Sani Yaya

**Sani Yaya** ɗan siyasa ne ɗan ƙasar Togo wanda ya kasance Ministan Kuɗi a gwamnatocin Firayim Minista Komi Sélom Klassou da Victoire Tomegah Dogbé tun daga ranar 1 ga watan Agusta, 2016.        

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Sani Yaya ya kammala karatunsa a Cibiyar Nazarin Kuɗi, Tattalin Arziki da Banki (CEFEB) da ke Paris, kuma yana da digirin DES a fannin Gudanarwa daga Jami'ar Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne da kuma digiri na Masters a fannin Tattalin Arziki daga Jami'ar Lomé.

## Sana'a
Kwarewar Sani Yaya ta fannin aiki ta haɗa da shekaru shida a Babban Bankin Ƙasashen Yammacin Afirka (BCEAO) da Hukumar Bankuna ta Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziki da Kuɗi ta Yammacin Afirka da kuma kusan shekaru shida a Ecobank (ETI) inda ya yi aiki a matsayin Daraktan Bincike da Bin Dokoki kuma memba na Kwamitin Zartarwa na Ƙungiyar. Ya kuma riƙe manyan muƙamai na Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa (COO) na Ƙungiyar NSIA ƙwararre a fannin inshora da banki kuma memba na Kwamitin Zartarwa na Ƙungiyar. 

Kafin naɗinsa a matsayin Ministan Tattalin Arziki da Kuɗi, Sani Yaya, ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Ministan Kasafin Kuɗi.

## Sauran ayyuka

* Bankin Raya Afirka (AfDB), Tsohon Mamba a Hukumar Gwamnonin (tun daga shekarar 2016) 
* Bankin ECOWAS don Zuba Jari da Ci Gaba (EBID), Tsohon Mamba a Hukumar Gwamnonin (tun daga shekarar 2016) 
* Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya (IMF), Tsohon Mamba a Hukumar Gwamnonin (tun daga shekarar 2016) 
* Bankin Ci Gaban Musulunci (IsDB), Tsohon Mamba a Hukumar Gwamnonin (tun daga shekarar 2016)

## Manazarta
Imdad Hossain

**Imdad Hossain** (c. 1926 - Nuwamba 13, 2011) ya kasance mai zane-zane na Bangladesh kuma mai fafutukar motsi na harshe.  Gwamnatin Bangladesh ta ba shi kyautar Ekushey Padak a shekarar 2010.

## Ilimi da aiki
Hossain ta kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Fasaha ta Dacca (daga baya Faculty of Fine Arts, Jami'ar Dhaka). Ya kafa "Agrani Shilpa Shongo" a shekarar 1952. 

Hossain ya tsara shirye-shirye don gidan Talabijin na Bangladesh a matsayin babban mai tsarawa. Ya kuma kasance babban mai tsarawa na Kamfanin Masana'antu na Bangladesh Small and Cottage . 

## Kyaututtuka

* Ekushey Padak (2010) 
* Bangla Academy Fellowship (2009) 

## Manazarta
R. A. Ghani

**R. A. Ghani** (1927 - 15 Janairu 2016) ya kasance injiniya ne na Bangladesh kuma ɗan siyasan jam'iyyar Bangladesh Nationalist Party . Ya kasance memba na Jatiya Sangsad, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin ministan Kimiyya da Fasaha na jihar. 

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Ghani a 1927 a Bosniapara a Sadullapur na Gaibandha .  Ya wuce jarrabawar karatun sa daga makarantar Gaibandha Boys a matsayi na 13 a cikin jerin sunayen cancanta. Ya wuce jarrabawarsa ta tsakiya daga Kwalejin Shugaban kasa a Calcutta .  Ya kammala karatunsa daga Kwalejin Injiniya ta Ahsanullah (yanzu BUET) a aikin injiniya a shekarar 1952. A wannan lokacin Ghani ya shiga cikin Harshen Harshe.

A shekara ta 1953, Ghani ta kafa Brixton & Brixton Ltd (yanzu GBL - Ganibangla Ltd), wanda ya bayyana kansa a matsayin tsohuwar kamfanin injiniya mai ba da shawara a Bangladesh.

Ya kammala MS daga Jami'ar California, Berkeley a 1963, kuma ya kammala digiri na DSc daga Jami'an Washington da ke St. Louis . 

Ya shiga cikin tashin hankali na 1969 a Gabashin Pakistan da Yakin 'Yanci na Bangladesh . 

An zabi Ghani a matsayin memba na Jatiya Sangsad daga Rangpur-19 a shekarar 1979.  An nada shi Ministan Kimiyya da Fasaha na Jiha a lokacin mulkin Ziaur Rahman .  Ya kasance memba na kwamitin dindindin na Jam'iyyar Nationalist Party ta Bangladesh . 

Ya kafa R A Gani School & College, Gaibandha . 

Ya auri Mrs. Hosne Ara Ghani .  Suna da 'ya'ya mata uku da ɗa.

Ghani ya mutu a ranar 15 ga watan Janairun 2016, yana da shekaru 89, a Asibitin Square a Dhaka . 

## Manazarta
José Ibraimo Abudo

**José Ibraimo Abudo** (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga watan Satumba, 1947) ɗan siyasa ne kuma ɗan ƙasar Mozambique wanda ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin Ministan Shari'a, matsayin da aka ƙirƙira a shekarar 1994 tare da zaɓen jam'iyyu da yawa na farko a tarihin Mozambique. Shi memba ne na FRELIMO. Ya kammala karatun digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Lisbon, inda ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin shari'a na kamfanoni. Sannan kuma shi Musulmi ne.  

## Manazarta
Monzur Hossain

**Monzur Hossain** (1928-1968) ya kasance mai fafutukar yaren Bangladesh kuma likita. An ba shi tare da Ekushey Padak bayan mutuwarsa a shekara ta 2002 saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga Harshen Harshe. 

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Hossain a 1928 a Naogaon ga Mobarok Ali da Nurun Nahar .  Ya kammala karatun sakandare daga makarantar sakandare ta Naogaon K.D. a shekarar 1943. Daga nan, ya kammala karatun sakandare daga Kolkata a shekarar 1945. Daga baya, an shigar da shi a Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Dhaka. Ya sami digiri na MBBS daga can.

Hossain ya shiga cikin Harshen Harshe . A ranar 4 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1952 Shorbodolio Kendrio Rashtrobhasha Kormi Porishod ya yi kira ga zanga-zangar a matsayin wani ɓangare na Harshe a ranar 21 ga watan Fabira. An kafa Sashe na 144 a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 1952 na wata daya don sarrafa yanayin. Hossain ya goyi bayan karya sashi na 144. Ya gabatar da jawabi game da kin amincewa da sashi na 144.

## Manazarta
Tofazzal Hossain (ma'aikacin farar hula)

**Tofazzal Hossain** (5 ga Oktoba 1935 - 5 ga Disamba 2015) ya kasance mai fafutukar yaren Bangladesh, ma'aikacin gwamnati, ɗan jarida, mawaƙi, marubuci da marubuci. An ba shi lambar yabo tare da Ekushey Padak a cikin 2013 saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga Harshen Harshe. 

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Hossain a ranar 9 ga Oktoba 1935 a Rameshwar a Daudkandi na Comilla .  Ya sami digiri na biyu da karatun digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar Dhaka .  Baya ga aikinsa na sana'a ya kuma rubuta littattafai.

Hossain ya fara aikinsa a aikin jarida a The Daily Ittefaq a matsayin mataimakin edita. Daga baya, ya shiga aikin gwamnati a shekarar 1967. Ya kasance ƙarin babban jami'in bayanai na Sashen Bayanai.

Hossain ya shiga cikin Harshen Harshe a matsayin mawaki da marubuci. Ya kuma shiga cikin zanga-zangar zanga-zambe, hoton hoto da rubutun bango. An haɗa waƙoƙi biyu a cikin tarihin *Ekushey Fabrairu* wanda Hasan Hafizur Rahman ya shirya. Hossain ne ya rubuta waƙar waɗannan. Taken waƙar shine "Rokto Sorone Tomra Ajike Tomake Soron Kori". Ya karbi Ekushey Padak a shekarar 2013 saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga Harshen Harshe. Ya kasance ɗan'uwan Kwalejin Bangla . 

Hossain ya mutu a ranar 5 ga Disamba 2015 yana da shekaru 80. 

## Littattafan da aka zaɓa

### Waƙoƙi

* *Hridoy Roktorage*
* *Ekush Vubonmoy*
* *Notun Mai Shari'a Mai Farin Ciki*
* *Kobita Somogro*

### Littafin bincike

* *Jonosongkhya Bisforon O Agami Prithibi*
* *Shishu: Bishwa O Bangladesh Prekshapoth *
* *Biponno Prithibi Biponono Jonopod*
* *Kashmir: Itihas Kotha Koy *
* *Safolyer Sondhane*
* *Jatisongho Ebong Lyndon Johnson*

## Manazarta
Shamsul Huda

**Shamsul Huda** (an haife ta a ranar 1 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1932)  'yar gwagwarmayar yaren Bangladesh ce. An ba shi lambar yabo tare da Ekushey Padak a shekarar 2014 saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga Harshen Harshe. 

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Huda a ranar 1 ga Disamba 1932 ga Md. Idris Mia da Rahima Khatun a ƙauyen tsibirin Char Chandia a bakin tekun Sonagazi, Feni, sannan wani ɓangare na Gundumar Noakhali na Shugabancin Bengal .  Ya kammala karatunsa daga Noakhali. Daga baya, ya kammala karatun sakandare daga Kwalejin Dhaka. Huda ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Dhaka .  Ya wuce MA daga Jami'ar Karachi . Daga baya, ya sami digiri na MS daga Jami'ar New South Wales . 

Huda ya shiga cikin Harshen Harshe . Ya kasance daga cikin mutanen da suka nuna rashin amincewa da maganar Muhammad Ali Jinnah game da harshen jihar a taron Jami'ar Dhaka a ranar 24 ga Maris 1948.  Ya kuma shiga cikin zanga-zangar zanga-zambe a ranar 21 ga Fabrairu 1952. Don shiga cikin wannan motsi an kama shi. Bai sami aiki daga Babban Ayyuka na Tsakiya ba saboda sa hannu a cikin Harshen Harshe.

Huda ya fara aikinsa a cikin Daraktan Sadarwar Jama'a a shekara ta 1957. Ya yi ritaya daga aikinsa a shekarar 1989. Wani littafi mai taken *Vashasoinik Shamsul Huda: Jiboner Jolchhobi * an buga shi ne a ranar 5 ga Satumba 2015 ta hanyar Vasha Andolon Gobeshonakendro O Jadhughar wanda ya dogara da tarihin rayuwarsa.

Huda ya karbi Ekushey Padak a shekarar 2014 saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga Harshen Harshe.

## Manazarta
Dhoihir Dhoulkamal

**Dhoihir Dhoulkamal** (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga watan Agusta, 1969) ɗan siyasa ne kuma ɗan ƙasar Comoros daga Anjouan. Ya yi aiki a matsayin ministan harkokin waje daga ranar 28 ga watan Satumba, 2020 zuwa ranar 9 ga watan Yuli, 2024 a ƙasar Comoros.   A watan Maris, na shekarar 2025, tsarin shari'a na La Réunion ta ba da sammacin neman sammaci na ƙasa da ƙasa a kansa. Ana zarginsa da karkatar da tallafin zamantakewa na ƙasar Faransa na kimanin Yuro dubu 251. 

## Manazarta
Rafiq Uddin Ahmed

**Rafiq Uddin Ahmed** (Bengali) (30 ga Oktoba 1926 - 21 ga Fabrairu 1952) ya kasance mai zanga-zangar da aka kashe a lokacin Yunkurin yaren Bengali wanda ya faru a Gabashin Pakistan (a halin yanzu Bangladesh) a shekarar 1952.  An dauke shi shahadar a Bangladesh.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Ahmed a ranar 30 ga Oktoba, 1926, a ƙauyen Paril (wanda aka sake masa suna 'Rafiqnagar' ), Singair, Gundumar Manikganj, Gabashin Bengal, Raj na Burtaniya. Sunan mahaifinsa shine Abdul Latif kuma sunan mahaifiyarsa shine Rafiza Khatun . Rafiq shine ɗan fari na 'ya'ya maza biyar da mata biyu. Kakan mahaifin Rafiq shine Mohammad Makhimul Alam .  Ya wuce karatun sa daga Makarantar Baira a shekarar 1949. Ya yi karatu a matakin Tsakanin daga Kwalejin Debendra amma ya fita kafin ya gama. Ya koma Dhaka kuma ya fara aiki a cikin na'urar buga littattafai mallakar mahaifinsa. A Dhaka, an shigar da shi cikin Sashen Kimiyya na Lissafi a Kwalejin Jagannath a lokacin.

## Yunkurin Harshen Bengali
Ahmed ya kasance mai aiki a cikin zanga-zangar dalibai da ke neman a sanya Bengali a matsayin harshen kasa na Pakistan a ranar 21 ga Fabrairu 1952 duk da Sashe na 144 (curfew) a Jami'ar Dhaka .  Lokacin da 'yan sanda suka bude wuta a zanga-zangar a gaban harabar Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Dhaka, an harbe Rafiq a kai kuma ya mutu nan da nan. An gano jikinsa a gefen gabas na Room 5 na gidan kiwon lafiya. Masu tayar da kayar baya shida zuwa bakwai sun sami jikinsa a kan shinge a bayan Anatomy Hall. An binne shi a Kabari na Azimpur a karkashin kulawar Sojojin Pakistan .  Kabarinsa, duk da haka, ya ɓace kuma ba a iya gano shi daga baya ba.

## Kyauta
An ba shi kyautar Ekushey Padak bayan mutuwarsa a shekara ta 2000 don hadayar da shi. An sake sunan ƙauyensa Rafiqnagar daga Paril da Bhasha Shaheed Rafiq Uddin Ahmad Library da Memorial Museum an kirkiresu a ƙauyen a watan Fabrairun 2010.  An gina gidan kayan gargajiya a cikin tunawa da Rafiq a matsayin shaida ga kishin kasa da ƙarfin hali da ya nuna shi a matsayin shahadar motsi. Gidan kayan gargajiya ba kome ba ne kuma ba shi da kayan tarihi da yawa, ko abubuwan tunawa. Shaheed Rafiq Smriti Pathagar wani ɗakin karatu ne a Manikganj mai suna bayan shi kuma an kafa shi a shekara ta 2004. "Chander Moto Chandro Bindu" wasa ne wanda ya danganci tarihinsa.

## Manazarta
Badrul Alam

**Badrul Alam** (1929 - 10 Disamba 1980) ya kasance mai fafutukar yaren Bangladesh, likita kuma masanin ilimin likitanci. Ya tsara Shaheed Minar na farko. An ba shi tare da Ekushey Padak bayan mutuwarsa a shekarar 2014 saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga Harshen Harshe . 

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Alam a shekara ta 1929 a Sherpur ga Nasir Uddin Ahmad da Tohurunnesa .  Gidan kakanninsa yana cikin Sonargaon, Narayanganj . Ya kammala karatun daga Makarantar Mymensingh Zilla .  Daga baya, ya kammala karatun sakandare daga Kwalejin Haraganga, Munsiganj . Daga nan, an shigar da shi a Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Dhaka kuma ya sami digiri na MBBS daga can a shekarar 1956.  Alam ya shiga cikin Harshen Harshe . Ya tsara Shaheed Minar na farko.

Alam ya nemi aiki a Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Dhaka bayan ya wuce MBBS amma bai yi nasara ba, saboda babu wani wuri. Daga nan, ya tafi Yammacin Pakistan kuma ya fara aiki a asibiti a Adowal. Daga baya, ya bar aikin kuma ya shiga kwalejin likita ta Peshawar a matsayin malami na sashen anatomy a shekara ta 1957.  Bayan haka ya tafi Ingila don karatun sakandare a 1961. Ya koma kasarsa a shekarar 1967. 

Alam ya shiga Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Sir Salimullah a matsayin mataimakin farfesa bayan ya wuce jarrabawar Ma'aikatan Gwamnatin Pakistan a shekarar 1970.  Shekaru 10 bayan haka aka sauya shi zuwa Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Dhaka.

Alam ya mutu a ranar 10 ga Disamba 1980.  Bayan mutuwarsa an ba shi tare da Ekushey Padak bayan mutuwarsa a shekarar 2014 saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga Harshen Harshe.

## Manazarta
Ahmed Ali (dan siyasa na Bangladesh)

**Ahmed Ali** (1 ga Maris 1932 - 11 ga Janairu 2020) ɗan siyasan Bangladesh ne kuma lauya na ƙungiyar Bangladesh Awami League . An zabe shi a matsayin memba na Majalisar lardin Gabashin Pakistan daga Comilla-5. Daga baya, an nada shi a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Bangladesh . Ya shiga cikin Harshen Harshe . Ya kasance mai shirya Yakin 'Yanci na Bangladesh ma.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Ali a ranar 1 ga Maris 1932 ga dangin Bengali a ƙauyen Kajalia a Nabinagar, Gundumar Tipperah (yanzu Gundumar Brahmanbaria, Bangladesh). Daga baya iyalin suka koma unguwar Bagichagaon a birnin Comilla. Ya shiga cikin Harshen Harshe .  Ya kammala digiri na farko na shari'a daga Jami'ar Dhaka . 

Ali shi ne mataimakin shugaban Kungiyar Chhatra League ta tsakiya. memba na kwamitin tsakiya na kungiyar Awami ta Bangladesh, shugaban kasa da kuma Sakataren kungiyar cumilla zilla Awami  Ya shiga cikin kowane motsi da ke adawa da Gwamnatin Pakistan daga 1952 zuwa 1971.  An zabe shi a matsayin memba na Majalisar lardin Gabashin Pakistan daga Comilla-5 a shekarar 1970.  Daga baya, an nada shi a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Bangladesh .  Shi ne mai gudanarwa na farko na Comilla bayan 'Yanci na Bangladesh . 

Ali ya kasance mai shirya Yakin 'Yanci na Bangladesh .  Ya ɗaga tutar Bangladesh a Comilla Town Hall a ranar 8 ga Disamba 1971 bayan an cire Comilla daga Sojojin Pakistan.

Ali shine mataimakin shugaban majalisar lauyoyin Bangladesh na farko. Ya kuma rubuta wasu littattafai.

Ali ya mutu daga ciwon daji a Asibitin Apollo, Dhaka a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun 2020 yana da shekaru 87.  

## Manazarta
Rawshan Ara Bachchu

**Rawshan Ara Bachchu** (17 Disamba 1932 - 3 Disamba 2019)  ya kasance mai fafutuka a Bangladesh.  Ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar yaren Bengali a shekara ta 1952. An ba ta lambar yabo ta Anannya Top Ten Awards a shekara ta 2009.

## Rayuwa ta farko
Iyalan Bachchu sun samo asali ne daga Kulaura a gundumar Moulvibazar . Ta kasance ɗaliba a Kwalejin Brojomohun . A shekarar 1947, bisa ga shirin ɗaliban jami'a da Tamadun Majlish, ita da wasu ɗalibai 7 ko 8 suka kafa Majalisar Ayyukan Harsuna ta Jiha. 

## Mutuwa
Bachchu ya mutu a ranar 3 ga Disamba 2019 . 

## Manazarta
Florentino Mendes Pereira

**Florentino Mendes Pereira** (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Fabrairu, 1969) ɗan siyasa ne kuma ɗan ƙasar Bissau-Guine kuma tsohon Ministan Makamashi da Masana'antu. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Makamashi da Masana'antu daga shekarun 2015 zuwa 2018.  Shi memba ne na Jam'iyyar Sabunta Zamantakewa (Party for Social Renewal).  A matsayinsa na minista, ya shiga cikin ƙoƙarin haɓaka ɓangaren makamashi na ƙasar. 

## Manazarta
Aji Secka

**Aji Yam Secka** (Ajaratou Mariama (Yamu) Secka; wanda aka fi sani da Mariama B. Secka) 'yar siyasa ce 'yar ƙasar Gambia wacce ta kasance mataimakiyar shugabar jam'iyyar United Democratic Party (UDP) kuma ta daɗe tana jagorantar mata tana aiki a fannoni daban-daban.  Daga shekarun 1998 zuwa 2001, ita ce Sakatare Janar na matan jam'iyyar.   Ta kasance mataimakiyar darakta a UND daga shekarun 2011 zuwa 2018.   Secka ta zama shugabar jam'iyyar a shekarar 2016 lokacin da gwamnati ta tsare shugaban jam'iyyar, Ousainou Darboe. Secka tana ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin adawa waɗanda suka kafa kawancen siyasa wanda ya amince da takarar Adama Barrow wanda daga ƙarshe ya kayar da shugaban ƙasa mai ci Yahya Jammeh. 

## Manazarta
Kadidja Mohamed Ali

**Kadidja Mohamed Ali** 'yar siyasa ce 'yar ƙasar Djibouti. A shekarar 2003, an zaɓe ta a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da suka shiga majalisar dokokin ƙasar.

## Aiki
Kafin zaɓen shekara ta 2003, an zartar da sabuwar dokar zaɓe wacce ta buƙaci aƙalla kashi 10% na jerin jam'iyyu su ƙunshi kowace jinsi.  An zaɓi Kadidja Mohamed Ali a Yankin Djibouti a matsayin wakiliyar Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai don rinjayen Shugaban Ƙasa. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan takara mata bakwai da suka yi nasara waɗanda suka zama mata na farko a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa.

## Manazarta
Mirza Mazharul Musulunci

**Mirza Mazharul Islam** (1 ga watan Janairun 1927 - 11 ga watan Oktoba 2020)  ya kasance likitan tiyata na Bangladesh kuma tsohon soja na harshe.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Mirza Mazharul Islam a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun 1927 ga dangin Bengali na Musulmi Mirzas a ƙauyen Aghacharan, Kalihati a Tangail, sannan wani ɓangare na Gundumar Mymensingh na Shugabancin Bengal (yanzu a Bangladesh).  Mahaifinsa Mirza Helaluddin ma'aikaci ne na kamfanoni biyu na Burtaniya David & Company da Landel da Clark .  Kakan mahaifinsa Mirza Mahtabuddin Beg, wanda ta hanyarsa ya gano asalinsa na Asiya ta Tsakiya, mataimakin shugaban 'yan sanda ne wanda Raj na Burtaniya ya zaba. Mahaifiyarsa, Chhanda Khatun na Jangalia, Delduar, uwar gida ce kuma kawun mahaifiyar Islama Mirza Nurul Huda tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Bangladesh ne. Ya kuma kasance dangi na Abu Sayeed Chowdhury, tsohon shugaban kasar Bangladesh.

Musulunci ya yi karatu a hanyar Manmohan Babu a Balla Bazar, kuma ya kammala karatun maktab a cikin gida. Ya sami tallafin karatu a aji na huɗu kuma ya ci gaba zuwa aji na biyar, kuma ya shiga makarantar Balla Coronation High English School .  : 19 Ya kasance daga cikin rukunin farko na dalibai a duka makarantar Balla Coronation High English da Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Dacca. Ya wuce ISC daga Kwalejin Ripon, Calcutta a 1946 da MBBS daga Kwalejii Kiwon Lafiya ta Dacca a 1952.  : 21 Baya ga wannan, ya kuma yi tafiya zuwa Ƙasar Ingila a 1963 don karatun sakandare.

## Ayyuka
Ya kasance babban mai ba da shawara a Sashen Surgery a BIRDEM . Don nuna godiya ga gudummawar da ya bayar ga ƙungiyar yaren Bengali, Gwamnatin Bangladesh ta ba shi lambar yabo ta biyu mafi girma ta farar hula Ekushey Padak a shekarar 2018.

Musulunci ya mutu daga matsalolin COVID-19 a ranar 11 ga Oktoba 2020 a asibitin BIRDEM a Dhaka. 

## Manazarta
M. J. Mahlangu

**Mninwa Johannes Mahlangu** (8 ga Oktoba 1952 - 24 ga Agusta 2025) ɗan siyasa ne kuma jami'in diflomasiyya na Afirka ta Kudu. Ya kasance mai himma a siyasar Bantustan ta Afirka ta Kudu a zamanin mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata, yana aiki a matsayin ɗan majalisa a tsohuwar ƙasar Lebowa. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Tsakiya, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Majalisar Larduna ta Ƙasa daga 2004 zuwa 2014,  kuma memba na Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Tsakiya.

Tsakanin ranar 23 ga watan Fabrairu 2015 da watan Maris 2020, shi ne Jakadan Afirka ta Kudu a Amurka. 

Mahlangu ya mutu a ranar 24 ga watan Agusta 2025, yana da shekaru 72. 

## Manazarta
Alamin Mohammed Seid

**Alamin Mohammed Seid** (1946 ko 1947 - 15 Nuwamba 2021)  ɗan siyasan ƙasar Eritrea ne.

An haife shi a Massawa, Eritrea.

Alamin ya shiga yakin samun 'yancin kai na Eritrea tun daga shekarar 1964 lokacin da ya shiga ƙungiyar 'yancin kai ta Eritrea. Daga baya ya shiga ƙungiyar da ta zama ƙungiyar 'yancin kai ta Eritrea (EPLF) a shekarar 1970. A lokacin yaƙin neman 'yancin kai shi ne shugaban sashen hulɗa da ƙasashen waje na EPLF.

Alamin ya kuma yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin Ministan Labarai da Al'adu. Shi da Isaias Afewerki su ne kawai mambobi biyu na Kwamitin Zartarwa na EPLF da suka kasance cikin Majalisar Zartarwa ta Jam'iyyar Jama'a da Dimokuraɗiyya da Adalci a Babban Taro na Uku.  A wannan Majalisar an zaɓe shi a matsayin Sakatare, inda ya yi aiki.

## Manazarta
Lambun Jama'a, Hyderabad

Lambun jama'a wanda aka fi sani da **Bagh-e-Aam** wurin shakatawa ne na tarihi wanda ke tsakiyar birnin Hyderabad, Indiya. Shugaban NIzam na Hyderabad na 7 ne ya gina shi a shekarar 1846  kuma shine wurin shakatawa mafi tsufa a Hyderabad.   

## Tarihi

Lambun Jama'a wanda aka fi sani da *Bagh-e-Aam (Bagheaam) ko Bagham. * A harshen Urdu "Bagh" na nufin Aljanna kuma Aam ko "Aam Jana" na nufin " jama'a" an gina su ne a cikin 1846 a lokacin Nizam. Bayan 1980 an fara saninsa da lambunan jama'a. Yankin wurin shakatawa ya kai kadada 54 (220,000 m2) kuma ya haɗa da tafkin kadada 7 (28,000 m2). An ba da wani ɓangare filin wurin shakatawar ga kamfanin jirgin kasa don gina Tashar jirgin kasa ta Hyderabad. A cikin 1905 an yi amfani da wani ɓangare na lambun don Zauren Jubilee kuma an cike wani ɓangare na tafkin. A hankali yankin da lambun ya mamaye ya ragu yayin da aka gina gine-gine da yawa kamar Majalisar Dokokin Jiha, Gidan Tarihi na Jiha, Jawahar Bal Bhavan, Indira Priyadarshini Auditorium, Lalitha Kala Thoranam, da Jami'ar Telugu. An rushe babban maɓuɓɓugar da ke cikin lambun jama'a tun 1937 a cikin 2019 don bikin Ranar Tsarin Telangana. 

## Dubi kuma
 

* Nizams na Hyderabad
* Nizam na 6 - Mir Mahbub Ali Khan
* Nizam na 7 - Mir Osman Ali Khan

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje
Musulunci na Monowara

**Monowara Islam** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1936)  farfesa ne na Bangladesh, mai ba da littattafai kuma mai fafutukar motsi na harshe. Don nuna godiya ga gudummawar da ta bayar ga ƙungiyar yaren Bengali, Gwamnatin Bangladesh ta ba ta lambar yabo ta biyu mafi girma ta farar hula Ekushey Padak a shekarar 2019.

## Rayuwa da ilimi
An haifi Islama a 1936 a Khulna a Bengal Shugabancin Birtaniya na lokacin (yanzu Bangladesh).  Mahaifinta ya kasance mataimakin majistare na gwamnatin Burtaniya ta lokacin. Tana da 'ya'ya maza biyu da mace.

Islama ta kammala karatunta daga Madaripur, Nazarin Tsakanin daga Kwalejin Eden Mohila a 1952 kuma ta sami BA daga wannan kwalejin. Daga nan sai ta sami digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar Dhaka . 

## Ayyuka
Islama ta fara aikinta ta hanyar shiga matsayin babban malami a makarantar sakandaren 'yan mata ta Munshiganj a shekara ta 1957.  Daga nan aka tura ta makarantar sakandare ta Azimpur .  Ta koyar da wasu sanannun dalibai, ciki har da Firayim Minista na Bangladesh Sheikh Hasina da farfesa Khaleda Ekram .  A matsayin wani ɓangare na aikinta na zamantakewa, ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Ƙungiyar Mata ta Jami'ar Bangladesh . 

## Manazarta
Florence S. Gaynor

**Florence Small Gaynor** (29 ga Oktoba, 1920 - 16 ga Satumba, 1993) ma'aikaciyar jinya ce kuma mai kula da asibiti, wacce ita ce mace bakar fata ta farko da ta shugabanci babban asibitin koyarwa a Amurka.  

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haife ta a birnin Jersey, New Jersey, kuma ta kammala karatun sakandare na Lincoln tana da shekaru 15 kuma ta nemi shiga Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jersey City don yin karatun aikin jinya, amma an ƙi ta saboda ba su yarda da 'yan Baƙar fata ba, maimakon haka ta yi karatun aikin jinya a  Asibitin Lincoln, ta kammala a 1946.   Daga baya a cikin aikinta, Gaynor ta sami digirin farko a fannin aikin jinya da digirin digiri na biyu a fannin lafiyar jama'a a Jami'ar New York, kuma ta yi karatun tsarin kiwon lafiya na Scandinavia a Jami'ar Oslo a 1965.

## Sana'a
Bayan kammala karatunta a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya daga Asibitin Lincoln, Gaynor ta fara aiki a Asibitin Queens General . Daga nan ta yi aiki a Sashen Lafiya na Birnin New York sannan ta zama babbar ma'aikaciyar jinya a Asibitin Francis Delafield da ke Washington Heights da kuma ma'aikaciyar jinya ta makaranta tare da Hukumar Ilimi da ke Newark.

Gaynor ta fara aiki a fannin gudanar da asibitoci a asibitin Lincoln kuma ta zama mataimakiyar shugaba a shekarar 1970. A shekarar 1971, an zaɓe ta daga cikin 'yan takara 20, sauran maza ne, don ta zama babbar darakta a Asibitin Sydenham, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama mace bakar fata ta farko da ta shugabanci babban asibitin koyarwa a Amurka. A shekarar 1972, ta karɓi muƙamin babbar darekta a Asibitin Martland da ke Newark,  wani asibitin koyarwa mai gadaje 600, sannan ta zama darakta a Kwalejin Likitanci ta Meharry da ke Nashville daga 1976 zuwa 1980, sannan ta zama darakta a Ƙungiyar Lafiyar Hankali ta West Philadelphia da ke Philadelphia daga 1980 zuwa 1984. A cikin shekaru biyu na ƙarshe kafin ta yi ritaya, ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya ta makaranta, a Los Angeles. 

A ranar 16 ga Satumba, 1993, Gaynor ya mutu sakamakon zubar jini kwatsam a kwakwalwa yana da shekaru 72. 

## Manazarta
Ahmed Attoumani Douchina

**Ahmed Attoumani Douchina** (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Janairu, 1955) ɗan siyasa ne ɗan asalin Mahoran. Douchina ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Majalisar Mayotte tsakanin ranakun 20 ga watan Maris 2009   da 3 ga watan Afrilu 2011, lokacin da Daniel Zaïdani ya gaje shi. Zaudani ya kayar da Douchina da ci 10-9 (da ƙuri'a ɗaya kacal) a zaɓen shugaba na majalisar. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
A matsayin kansilan birni a Kani-Kéli daga shekarun 1983 zuwa 1989, an zaɓe shi a matsayin kansilan babban yanki a yankin da ke da irin wannan suna a shekarar 2004, a zaɓen da ya gudana ta hanyoyi uku, inda ya sami kashi 38.72% na ƙuri'un.

Bayan ya zama sakataren ma'aikatar ƙungiyar 'yan gurguzu (UMP), ya karya matsayi a lokacin zaɓen 'yan majalisa na shekarar 2007, inda ya fafata da Mansour Kamardine mai ci kuma ya sami kashi 4.08% kacal na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa a zagayen farko. 

A ranar 20 ga watan Maris, 2008, ya maye gurbin Saïd Omar Oili a matsayin shugaban Majalisar Mayotte saboda kawance tsakanin UMP na gida da kuma Mouvement departementaliste mahorais (MDM). Waɗannan ƙungiyoyi biyu sun haɗa ƙarfi da ƙarfi kan Sabuwar Impetus for Mayotte (NEMA) don shirya zaɓen raba gardama cikin sauri kan rarraba Mayotte.

A zaɓen kantonal na shekarar 2011, an sake zaɓen Ahmed Attoumani Douchina cikin sauƙi a matsayin kansila, amma 'yan takara da dama na ɓangaren hagu sun sami nasarar lashe ƙananan hukumomi masu sabuntawa a Mayotte, wanda hakan ya haifar da sauyi a rinjaye a cikin babban majalisar.  A ranar 3 ga watan Afrilu, 2011, kwana uku bayan Mayotte ta zama ma'aikatar 101 ta Faransa, an zaɓi Daniel Zaïdani a matsayin shugaban majalisar, inda ya sami ƙuri'u 10 yayin da Ahmed Attoumani Douchina ya samu ƙuri'u 9. On April 3, 2011, three days after Mayotte became the 101st French department, Daniel Zaïdani was elected president of the general council, obtaining 10 votes to Ahmed Attoumani Douchina's 9. 

A ranar 15 ga watan Nuwamba, 2012, ya bar jam'iyyar UMP ya shiga ƙungiyar 'yan Democrat da masu zaman kansu. 

A watan Maris na shekarar 2015, an zaɓe shi a matsayin kansila na yankin Bouéni tare da Afidati Mkadara.

## Manazarta
Negudar

Negudar (wanda aka fi sani da *Nikudar* ko *Neguder*) ya kasance janar na Mongol a karkashin Berke, kuma Golden Horde Noyan . Tare da wasu janar-janar na Golden Horde da yawa, ya rungumi Islama a ƙarshen karni na 13. Daga baya ya ɗauki sunan musulmi na **Ahmad Khan** . 

Kafin rikice-rikice tsakanin Berke da Hulagu, Negudar ta inganta zaman lafiya a Gabashin Khorasan da yankunan da ke kewaye da shi a Asiya ta Tsakiya. Neguder tare da wasu janar na Daular Mongol sun mamaye sassan arewa maso yammacin Delhi Sultanate a cikin 1230s. Lokacin da yaƙi ya ɓarke tsakanin Berke da Hulagu a cikin 1260, Negudar ya ɗauki iko a kan wani ɓangare mai yawa na sojojin Berke  da farko a Ghazni da gabashin Afghanistan.

Negudar da sojojinsa sun zauna a sassa daban-daban na Afghanistan ta zamani  ciki har da Kabul  da Herat . Mongols a Afghanistan sun karɓi sunansa daga baya yayin da suka haɗu da Chagatai Khanate a lokacin mulkin Alghu . A yau, Nikudari, wani nau'i na tsohuwar yaren Mongoliya wanda ya ƙare a Mongolia, an kiyaye shi a Afghanistan kuma an sanya masa suna bayan Negudar.

## Manazarta
Safiya George

Safiya George (wadda a da Dalmida ce ) ma'aikaciyar jinya ce a Tsibirin Virgin na Amurka kuma mai kula da ilimi ƙwararriya ce a fannin lafiya, ruhi, da kuma cutar kanjamau. Ita ce shugabar Jami'ar Tsibirin Virgin . George ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Kwalejin Aikin Jinya ta Christine E. Lynn a Jami'ar Florida Atlantic daga 2019 zuwa 2024.

## Rayuwa
George ta sami digirin AS (1997) da BS (1999) a fannin aikin jinya daga Jami'ar Virgin Islands .   Ta kammala digirin MS (2001) a fannin aikin jinya tare da mai da hankali kan cutar HIV/AIDS da ciwon daji, digirin Ph.D. (2006) a binciken aikin jinya, da kuma takardar shaidar (2006) a nazarin mata daga Jami'ar Emory .    Rubutun digirinta mai taken, *Alaƙa Tsakanin Ruhaniya, Damuwa, Matsayin Garkuwa, da Ingancin Rayuwa da ke da Alaƙa da Lafiya a Mata Masu Cutar HIV* .  Marcia McDonnell Holstad ita ce mai ba ta shawara kan digirin digirgir.  George ta gudanar da karatun digirin digirgir a fannin addini da lafiya a Jami'ar Duke a shekarar 2007. 

George ma'aikaciyar jinya ce da ta ƙware a fannoni na lafiya, ruhi, da kuma cutar kanjamau.  Ta kasance mataimakiyar farfesa a Jami'ar Emory.   A watan Agusta na 2015, ta shiga Jami'ar Alabama a matsayin mataimakiyar farfesa kuma mataimakiyar shugabar bincike da kuma darektan harkokin ilimi a Kwalejin Kula da Lafiya ta Capstone.    An nada George a matsayin memba na Ƙungiyar Masu Jinya ta Amurka a 2018.  A ranar 8 ga Yuli, 2018, ta zama shugabar Holli Rockwell Trubinsky kuma farfesa a Kwalejin Kula da Lafiya ta Christine E. Lynn a Jami'ar Florida Atlantic .   Ta kuma kasance Babbar Jami'ar Jami'o'in Florida Atlantic Louis da Anne Green Memory and Wellness center.  A shekarar 2020, an naɗa ta a matsayin fitacciyar ma'aikaciyar Kwalejin Aikin Ƙasa da kuma abokiyar aikinta na Kwalejin Aikin Jinya ta Amurka a shekarar 2022.  A watan Fabrairun 2023, ta shiga kwamitin gudanarwa na ƙungiyar agaji ta Boca Helping Hands.  A watan Fabrairun 2024, an naɗa ta a matsayin shugabar jami'a ta shida ta Jami'ar Tsibirin Virgin.  Ta gaji David Hall a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 2024. 

## Manazarta
Ilyas Khoja

**Ilyas Khoja** (Chagatai and Persian: الیاس خواجه; died 1368) was Khan in Transoxiana (1363) and Khan of Moghulistan from 1363 to 1368. He was the son of Tughlugh Timur.

## Tarihin rayuwa
A cikin 1363, Tughlugh Timur, wanda kwanan nan ya mallaki Transoxiana kuma ya kashe yawancin shugabannin yankin, ya nada Ilyas Khoja a matsayin mai mulkinta. Rashin tausayi da Moghuls suka mallaki yankin ya sa mutane da yawa su yi adawa da su, ciki har da Amir Husayn na Qara'unas da Amir Timur na Barlas. Tare sun fuskanci sojojin Moghuls da kabilun yankin da ke da aminci ga Ilyas Khoja, kuma sun ci su a yakin Stone Bridge. Ba da daɗewa ba, Tughlugh Timur ya mutu kuma Ilyas Khoja ya tafi Moghulistan don karɓar mulki.

A cikin 1365, Ilyas Khoja ya koma Transoxiana. A watan Mayu, ya ci Amir Husayn da Timur a yakin Tashkent, amma lokacin da ya isa gaban ƙofofin Samarkand mazaunanta sun ki yarda ya shiga, kuma kewaye da ya biyo baya ya kasance bala'i. Wani annoba tsakanin dawakai ya hana Moghuls ikon su, kuma an tilasta musu su sake barin Transoxiana.

A shekara ta 1368, Ilyas Khoja ya mutu. Dughlat amir Qamar ud-Din sannan ya kwace khanship; mai yiwuwa ne ke da alhakin mutuwar Ilyas Khoja. An kashe yawancin dangin khan, amma an ɓoye ɗan'uwansa Khizr Khoja, wanda daga ƙarshe zai sake dawo da Moghulistan don layin Chagatai Khan, cikin aminci.

## Manazarta
The Muslim Weekly (jarida)

Jaridar ***Muslim Weekly*** jarida ce ta Musulmai da ake bugawa a Landan . Ita ce jaridar mako-mako ta farko ga Musulmai a Burtaniya. &#x5B;

## Bayani
An ƙaddamar da *Jaridar Muslim Weekly* a shekarar 2003.  Kamfanin SNS Media Ltd ne suka buga ta, Ahmed Abdul Malik da Mohammed Shahed Alam ne suka ƙirƙiro ta. Kamfanin da ke Landan, ana buga ta kowace Juma'a kuma tana ba wa Musulmai 'yan Burtaniya labarai na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje, rahotannin addini, zamantakewa da wasanni, tare da sharhi, sharhi da kuma shafin wasiƙu ga masu karatu.

*Jaridar Muslim Weekly* tana da matsakaicin watsawa na 40,000.

## Manazarta
Buzan (Mongol khan)

**Buzan** (alt. **Buzun**) ya kasance khan na Chagatai Khanate daga 1333 zuwa 1334 (ko daga 1334 zuwa 1335). Shi ɗan Duwa Temür ne.

Bayan mutuwar kawunsa Tarmashirin, Buzan ya mallaki khanate. Tushen ya bayyana shi a matsayin Musulmi, kodayake a bayyane yake ya goyi bayan dokar gargajiya ta Mongol Yaasa. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin khan, duk da haka, dan uwansa Changshi ya hambarar da shi.

## Manazarta

*Jackson, Peter, *The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History.* Cambridge University Press, 2003, .
Masallacin Mutanen Espanya

**[[Masallaci]] Mutanen Espanya**, wanda aka fi sani da ***Masjid Iqbal Ud Daula*** da Jam e Masjid "Aiwan-E-Begumpet", masallaci ne a cikin Fadar Paigah, a unguwar Begumpet ta Hyderabad, a cikin Gundumar Hyderabad ta jihar Telangana, Indiya.

Har ila yau, an san shi da **Masallacin Moors**, saboda salon gine-ginen Moorish Revival na musamman kuma an ce yana da nau'i ɗaya a Indiya. 

## Gine-gine
Ginin masallacin ya fara ne daga Paigah Amir na biyar, H.E. Nawab Mohammed Fazaluddin Khan, Iqbal Ud Daula, Sir Viqar-ul-Umra a cikin 1900 (saboda mutuwarsa kwatsam a cikin 1902) kuma magajinsa da babban ɗansa H.E Nawab Sultan Ul Mulk Bahadur, VI Amir na Pai ta hanyar Princess Jahandarunissa Begum, Lady Vicar Ul Umra ya kammala shi. Bayan dawowarsa daga Spain, Viqar-ul-Umra ya yi wahayi sosai daga Cathedral-Mosque na Córdoba. A waje da ciki na Masallacin Mutanen Espanya galibi suna kama da Cathedral-Mosque da Jama Masjid Gulbarga, a Karnataka, Indiya. Masallacin yana nuna kayan ciki da gine-gine na zamani. Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa sune ƙuƙwalwar maimakon minarets ko dome na yau da kullun; suna ba wannan masallaci kamannin coci.

Masallacin yana kula da kuma sarrafa shi ta hanyar magada na Paigah Amir Sir Viqar-ul-Umra . 

Masallacin na iya ɗaukar masu bauta 3,000 a lokaci guda. Masallacin Mutanen Espanya sananne ne sosai kuma an dauke shi a matsayin masallaci mai mahimmanci ga al'ummar Musulmi ta Secunderabad. 

Masallacin Mutanen Espanya wani wuri ne na al'adun da ASI ta ayyana kuma ana tattaunawa ne don la'akari da UNESCO Asia Pacific Merit .  

## Dubi kuma
 

* Musulunci a Indiya
* Jerin masallatai a Telangana
* Jerin tsoffin masallatai a Spain
* Tsarin tarihi a Hyderabad

## Manazarta
 

## Haɗin waje

* Masallacin Mutanen Espanya mai ban mamaki na Hyderabad 
* 
*
SalamWeb

**SalamWeb** (daga Larabci , سلام, ma'ana "zaman lafiya") wani burauza ne da aka dakatar da shi wanda kamfanin Malaysia mai suna Salam Web Technologies MY Sdn ya samar.  An ƙera shi don isar da ƙwarewar Yanar Gizo mai kyau ga Musulmai, kuma an yi niyya ga masu sauraron Musulmi, yana bin dokokin Musulunci da al'ada kuma an ba shi takardar shaidar burauzar yanar gizo mai bin Musulunci. 

Mai binciken yanar gizo shi ma babban ɓangare ne na tsarin dijital na musamman na Musulmi, wanda ya haɗa da manhajojin yanar gizo da *SalamToday*, wata mujallar yanar gizo mai bugu na gida da na ƙasashen waje. 

SalamWeb yana samuwa don Windows, macOS, Android da iOS . Yana tallafawa harsuna da yawa, ciki har da Ingilishi, Malaysian da Indonesian, Urdu, Larabci, Rashanci, Turkiyya, da Bengali. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

An daina amfani da shi a shekarar 2021 saboda wasu dalilai da ba a sani ba, kuma ba a samun damar shiga shafin yanar gizo na salamweb.com ba.

== Siffofi ==

=== Babban fasali ===
Domin ƙirƙirar yanayin muhalli mai kyau ga Musulmi, SalamWeb ta yi amfani da ''SalamWebProtect'', wani tsari mai matakai uku wanda ke tace ''haram'' - abubuwan da ke ciki, kayayyaki da ayyuka waɗanda ke cutar da Musulmai kuma suna ɗaukar su a matsayin masu cutarwa ga yara. Tsarin ya haɗa da matattara da aka gina a ciki, software na gane hotuna [[Kirkirar Basira|na AI]] da kuma tsarin tantancewa na al'umma inda masu amfani suka yi wa abubuwan da ba su dace ba alama.   

Sadaqah tana nufin aikin alheri ba tare da tsammanin komai ba a madadinta 'fi sabbillah' (don Allah ). ''SalamSadaqah'' ta nemi shiga cikin ayyukan sadaka da kuma tunatar da su cewa ra'ayin sadaka yana da mahimmanci ga Musulunci.   SalamWebSadaqah kuma sadaukarwar SalamWeb ce ta bayar da gudummawa ga wani aikin sadaka (tare da haɗin gwiwa da Global Sadaqah, wata kungiyar agaji ta Musulunci ta duniya),  a duk lokacin da wani ya yi amfani da SalamWeb.  ''SalamWebWidgets'' ta taimaka wa Musulmai su yi addinin Musulunci yayin da suke ci gaba da hulɗa da fasaha da Intanet. Waɗannan sun haɗa da ''Lokutan Addu'a'', wanda ke nuna lokacin addu'a mai zuwa,  ''Kamfas na Addu'a'', wanda ke nuna [[Alƙibila|Qibla]] (alkiblar da Musulmi zai fuskanta lokacin addu'a),  ''Kalamai na Kullum'',  ''Masallatai Kusa da Ni'',  da sauransu.

SalamWeb ya dogara ne akan Chromium kuma ya riƙe aikinsa. Yana iya amfani da ƙarin abubuwan bincike da aka haɓaka don Google Chrome. 

=== Binciken Zamantakewa ===
Daga fitowar 4.4, SalamWeb ya ƙunshi abubuwan da ke tattare da binciken zamantakewa.  SalamWebTalks, wani widget na sharhi da kimantawa, an saka shi a cikin burauzar. Saboda haka, kamfanin ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya ba da damar yin sharhi a kowane shafin yanar gizo matuƙar yana ɗauke da URL. 

=== Harsuna ===
An samar da na'urar bincike a harsunan Ingilishi, Malaysia, Indonesia, Urdu, Bengali, Larabci, Rashanci, da Turkiyya. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;
## manazarta
'Ali-Sultan

Fayil:Ambrogio_Lorenzetti,_Martirio_di_cinque_frati_francescani,_1336-37_circa,_dalla_sala_capitolare_(detail).jpg|*The Martyrdom of the Franciscans*, painted by Ambrogio Lorenzetti in 1342, took place in Almaliq in 1339. The central ruler who ordered the killing was Ali Sultan.
Fayil:Mongol_tumen_commander.jpg|Mongol tumen commander.
Fayil:Ambrogio_Lorenzetti,_Martirio_di_cinque_frati_francescani,_1336-37_circa,_dalla_sala_capitolare,_10.jpg|Martyrdom of five Franciscan friars


**<nowiki/>'Ali Khalil** (Chagatai da Farisa: علی خلیل), wanda aka fi sani da **Ali-Sultan** (Chagitai da Farisa) shi ne Khan (r.1339-1342)  na Chagatai Khanate . Ya kasance zuriyar Qadan, ɗan Babban Khan Ögedei na biyu .

'Ali ya kai hari ga Ordo (gidan sarauta)  na Yesun Temur kuma ya kwace kursiyin. Shi ne na farko kuma na karshe wanda ya dawo da ikon Ögedeid a kan Chagatai Khanate tun lokacin mulkin Kaidu da dansa Chapar. A lokacin mulkinsa, Islama ta cika da Chagatai Mongols kuma 'Ali ya tsananta wa mabiyan wasu addinai. Shi ne wanda ya ba da umarnin kashe 'yan Franciscan guda shida a Almalik a cikin 1339, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin The Martyrdom of the Franciscans, na Ambrogio Lorenzetti . 

## Manazarta

* Ts. Enkhчимэг - "Mongolyn цагаадайн Saddam" 2006 shi
* SHAJRAT UL ATRAK, ko GENEALOGICAL TREE na Turks da TATARS; TRANSLATED da ABRIDGED wanda Col. Miles ya fassara.
Abdullah (Chagatai Khanate)

**Abdullah** (ya mutu c. 1359) shi ne shugaban Qara'unas (1358-1359) kuma mai mulkin Chagatai ul*Us* (1358). Shi ɗan Amir Qazaghan ne.

Bayan Qazaghan ya mallaki Chagatai ul*Us* a k*Us* da 1346, ya nada Abdullah a matsayin gwamnan Samarkand. A lokacin rayuwar mahaifinsa, Abdullah ya jagoranci balaguro a kan Khwarazm, kodayake Qazaghan ya yi adawa da shi. Lokacin da wannan ya mutu a shekara ta 1358 Abdullah ya gaji shi. Ba kamar mahaifinsa ba, yana da sha'awar kabilun arewacin ul*Us*. Qazaghan, wanda ke da ikon mallakar yankin kudancin ulus, ya bar kabilun arewa kadai; Abdullah bai gamsu da yin hakan ba. Ƙabilun arewa sun yi fushi da yunkurin da ya yi na rage ikonsu.

Shawarwarin Abdullah na ci gaba da babban birninsa a Samarkand ya zama hallaka. Ƙabilun Barlas da [./Suld&#x3C;i&#x20;id= Us" id="mwEQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Suldus">Suldus], dukansu suna kusa da birnin, sun ƙi yiwuwar kasancewar Qara'unas mai ƙarfi a kusa da su. Tare da shugabannin Barlas da Suldus, Hajji Beg da Buyan Suldus sun tayar da kayar da Abdullah daga mulki; ya koma yankunan Qara'unas kuma ya mutu ba da daɗewa ba. Jam'iyyun da suka ci nasara sau da yawa sun ambaci yadda Abdullah ya bi da Bayan Quli a matsayin hujja don tawaye. Bayan Quli ya kasance ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Qazaghan; ba da daɗewa ba bayan mutuwar Qazaghana Abdullah ya so matar Bayan Quli kuma ya kashe shi. A kowane hali, an sanya Buyan Suldus a matsayin amir na ulus, yayin da aka kashe 'yan uwan Abdullah da Shah Temur, wanda Abdullah ya tashe su zuwa khanship bayan kisan Bayan Quli.

## Manazarta

* Manz, Beatrice Forbes, The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane . Cambridge University Press, 1989,  .
Abincin Harira

**Harira** ( Arabic     ) miyar gargajiya ce ta Arewacin Afirka da ake shiryawa a Maroko  da Aljeriya,    tare da nau'ikan abinci iri-iri. Harira sanannen abu ne a matsayin abincin farko, kuma ana cin ta da kanta a matsayin abincin ciye-ciye mai sauƙi. Yawancin lokaci ana yin ta ne a lokacin Ramadan, kodayake ana iya yin ta a duk shekara. 

Haka kuma wani ɓangare ne na abincin Maghrebi mai faɗi, inda ake ƙara ruwan lemun tsami da ƙwai. 

## Asali
A cewar masanin tarihin abinci na Yahudawa Gil Marks, harira ta samo asali ne daga Maroko . Sunan ya fito ne daga kalmar Farisa da Larabci don siliki ( حَرِير   ), yana nuni ga yanayin abincin. Kamar Musulman Morocco, waɗanda a al'ada suke cin miyar cikawa don cin abincin buda baki, Yahudawan Morocco suma suna cin sa don karya azumin Yom Kippur . 

## Shiri

Girke-girken Harira na asali ya ƙunshi waɗannan sinadaran, kuma yana iya bambanta dangane da yankuna:

* *Tadouira* – wani abu mai kauri da aka yi da gari da ruwa, kuma wani lokacin manna tumatir a gwangwani, wanda ake ƙarawa a ƙarshen aikin girki. 
* Tumatir da tumatir sun tattara.
* Lentil.
* Wake.
* Wake na Fava.
* Albasa.
* Shinkafa ko vermicelli da aka karya.
* Ƙaramin adadin nama ( nama, rago ko kaza ).
* Cokali ɗaya ko biyu na man zaitun .

Abincin, yawanci na rago, yana da kayan ƙanshi mai kyau da kirfa, citta, turmeric ko wani abu mai canza launi kamar saffron, da sabbin ganye kamar cilantro da faski . 

Ana iya ƙara ruwan lemun tsami bayan an ci. Miyar kuma tana da ɗanɗano mafi kyau bayan an bar ta ta huta dare ɗaya. 

Yawanci ana yin sa da ƙwai da aka dafa da gishiri da cumin, dabino da sauran busassun 'ya'yan itatuwa kamar ɓaure, alewar zuma ta gargajiya, da sauran burodi ko crepes na musamman da aka yi a gida. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Manazarta