Sarah A. Bowman

**Sarah A. Bowman** (kimanin 1813 - 22 ga Disamba, 1866), wacce aka fi sani da **Sarah Borginnis** ko **Sarah Bourdette**, ta kasance mai kula da masaukin baki 'yar asalin ƙasar Ireland, mai sayar da abinci, kuma uwargida . Ana yi mata lakabi da "Babban Yamma", ta sami suna, kuma an ba ta lakabi da "Jarumar Fort Brown", a matsayinta na mai bin sansanin sojojin Zachary Taylor a lokacin Yaƙin Mexico da Amurka . Bayan yaƙin, ta yi otal a Franklin, Texas (yanzu El Paso) kafin ta zauna kusa da Birnin Arizona (yanzu Yuma, Arizona). A tsawon rayuwarta, ta yi aure sau da yawa, sau da yawa ba tare da tarihin shari'a ko albarkar firist ba, kuma an san ta a lokuta daban-daban da sunaye Boginnis, Bourdette, Bourget, Bourjette, Borginnis, Davis, Bowman, da kuma wataƙila Foyle.  Bayan rasuwarta, an naɗa ta kanar mai girmamawa kuma an binne ta da girmamawa ta soja a makabartar Fort Yuma.  Labarinta ya zama wani ɓangare na al'adun Amurka.

## Bayani
Ana kyautata zaton an haifi Bowman a Sarah Knight tsakanin 1812 da 1813 (ƙidayar jama'a ta 1860 ta nuna cewa haihuwarta ta faru ne a ƙarshen 1818  ) a Tennessee ko Clay County, Missouri . Ta girma a kan iyakar Amurka, ba ta sami ilimi ba, kuma ana kyautata zaton ba ta da ilimi saboda amfani da X a fannin kasuwanci da ƙidayar jama'a.  Duk da rashin iya karatu da rubutu, tana da harshe biyu a shekarunta na baya, inda wani firist kusa da Fort Yuma ya lura cewa ita ce mace ta farko 'yar Amurka da ya haɗu da ita da iya magana da Sifaniyanci . 

A zahiri, Bowman babbar mace ce mai girman gaske. Tsaye  tsayi (wasu rahotanni sun yi iƙirarin cewa  ) kuma an ruwaito cewa yana da nauyin , an bayyana ta a matsayin "mace mai girma, mai ƙarfi, mai ƙarfin jijiyoyi, da kuma ƙarfin jiki mai girma."  Wasu masu lura sun lura cewa tana da siffar agogo . Saboda girmanta, an yi mata lakabi da Great Western, wanda a bayyane yake yana nufin SS Great Western, na wani lokaci jirgin ruwa mafi girma da ke shawagi.  Bowman kuma tana da ƙwarewa don ƙara wa jikinta irin na Amazon . Texas Ranger John Salmon Ford ya ce game da ita, "Tana iya dukan kowane mutum, ko faɗa mai kyau ko kuskure, ta iya harbin bindiga fiye da kowa a yankin, kuma a Black Jack za ta iya yin nasara (ko kuma ta yi wa ƙwararriyar mai caca wasa mai kyau." 

An ba da labarai da dama game da Bowman da shekarunta na farko. Na farko shi ne cewa ita da mijinta sun raka Zachary Taylor a lokacin yakin neman zabensa a lokacin Yaƙin Seminole .  Babu wani bayani game da wata mace da ta yi daidai da bayanin Bowman tare da Taylor, amma irin wannan lamari zai taimaka wajen bayyana amincinta gare shi daga baya.  Wani labari na biyu ya yi iƙirarin cewa Bowman yana ƙaunar Taylor. Idan wannan gaskiya ne, babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa an mayar da ƙaunar. 

## Yaƙin Mexico-Amurka
Tarihin Bowman na farko da aka rubuta ya faru ne a shekarar 1845 a Jefferson Barracks, Missouri . Lokacin da mijinta ya shiga rundunar sojojin ƙasa ta bakwai, ta shiga aikin wanki, wani aiki da ya haɗa da abinci, matsuguni, da kuma damar samun albashi sau uku wanda wani soja mai zaman kansa ya samu.  Daga Jefferson Barracks ta raka sojoji zuwa Corpus Christi Bay . Lokacin da sojoji suka isa Yuli 1845, ayyukanta sun haɗa da dafa abinci da nas ban da wanki. 

Sojojin sun ci gaba da yin sansani a gefen Kogin Nueces har zuwa Maris 1846 lokacin da suka sami umarni su ci gaba zuwa Rio Grande . Maimakon bin mijinta, wanda ba shi da lafiya, da yawancin matan sojoji a kan jiragen ruwa a bakin teku, Bowman ta sayi ƙungiyar karusa da alfadari ta bi sojojin a ƙasa.  Ta gudanar da tafiyar da dabarun da "mafi kyawun ɗan wasa a cikin jirgin ƙasa da wataƙila ya yi hassada da su." 

Gamuwa ta farko tsakanin sojojin Amurka da na Mexico ta faru ne a ranar 21 ga Maris, 1846, a lokacin da ake ketare Arroyo Colorado .  Yayin da Amurkawa ke kusantar gadar mai tsayi, ƙararrawa ta yi ta yawo a ɗayan bankin tare da gargaɗin, "Ketare wannan rafin za a harbe ka!"  Da ganin ginshiƙin ya tsaya, Bowman ya hau gaba ya gaya wa kwamandan, "Idan janar ɗin ya ba ni ƙarfi, zan yi tafiya a cikin kogin in yi bulala ga duk wani mugun mutum da ya yi ƙarfin halin nuna kansa."  (Baya ga kayan aikin, ƙararrawa a lokacin ana amfani da su ne don wandon maza.  ) Ta hanyar misalinta, sojojin Amurka sun yi ketarewar, suka warwatsa sojojin da ke adawa da su a cikin wannan aikin. 

### Jarumin Fort Brown

A watan Mayu na shekarar 1846, Bowman ta auri mijinta na biyu, wani mutum mai suna Borginnes (rubutun sun bambanta). An tura mijinta zuwa Fort Texas (wanda daga baya aka sake masa suna Fort Brown) inda ta gudanar da harkokin jami'i. Lokacin da Taylor ya janye yawancin sojojinsa don fuskantar sojojin Mexico kusa da bakin teku, sojojin da ke Matamoros, waɗanda aka sanya su kai tsaye a fadin Rio Grande, suka mayar da martani ta hanyar kewaye sansanin . 

Harin bam na Mexico ya fara ne a ranar 3 ga Mayu da ƙarfe 5 na yamma. safe. Yayin da yawancin matan da ke sansanin suka koma wuraren ajiye motoci don dinka jakunkunan yashi, Borginnes ta ci gaba da dafa abinci tana ba da karin kumallo da ƙarfe 7 na safe. safe. [1] A mako mai zuwa ta shirya abinci da kofi don sansanin da aka kewaye, tana ɗauke da bokitin kofi ga sojojin da ke kula da bindigogin sansanin, har ma tana samun lokacin kula da waɗanda suka ji rauni da sauran mata. [1] An ci gaba da jadawali na cin abinci sau uku a rana duk da cewa harsasai sun buge mata hula da tiren burodi. [1] Ta kuma nemi a yi mata musket idan an kai hari sansanin. [1]

Bayan mamayar, jaridun Amurka sun fahimci Borginnes waɗanda suka sanya mata suna "Jarumar Fort Brown".  An buga labaran nasarorin da ta samu a Philadelphia da birnin New York . Wani wakilin jaridar ma ya yi iya ƙoƙarinsa don yabon kyawawan halayenta da kuma yaƙi da duk wani "harshen ɓatanci" da za a iya yi wa halinta. 

## Manazarta