Thomas Peterffy

**Thomas Peterffy** (an haife shi a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 1944)  ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan asalin ƙasar Hungary kuma ɗan kasuwa . Shi ne wanda ya kafa, kuma shugaban kamfanin Interactive Brokers .   Ya zuwa watan Nuwamba na 2025, an kiyasta dukiyarsa ta kai dala biliyan 57.3, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama mutum na 27 mafi arziki a duniya.  

Peterffy ya yi aiki a matsayin mai tsara gine-gine bayan ya yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka, daga baya kuma ya zama mai tsara kwamfuta . A shekarar 1977, ya sayi kujera a Kasuwar Hannun Jari ta Amurka kuma ya taka rawa wajen ƙirƙirar dandamalin ciniki na lantarki na farko don tsaro .

Peterffy mai ba da gudummawa ne ga jam'iyyar Republican da kuma manufofin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Peterffy a Budapest, Hungary, a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 1944, a cikin wani katafaren asibiti a lokacin wani harin sama na Rasha.  Mahaifinsa ya yi hijira zuwa Amurka bayan gazawar juyin juya halin Hungary a 1956. Peterffy ya bar karatun injiniyansa a Hungary ya yi hijira zuwa Amurka don ya haɗu da mahaifinsa a New York a 1965.    Lokacin da mahaifinsa, wanda ke zaune tare da matarsa ta biyu, ba shi da wurin ɗaukar ɗansa, ya ba Thomas dala 100 kuma ya gaya masa ya "yi wani abu da kansa".  Lokacin da ya ƙaura zuwa birnin New York, bai iya Turanci ba. Jim kaɗan bayan ya yi ƙaura, Peterffy ya yi rajista a Makarantar Injiniya ta Jami'ar New York .  Duk da haka, ya daina karatu kafin ya kammala karatunsa don yin aiki a matsayin mai tsara gine-gine. 

## Sana'a
Peterffy ya fara aikinsa a Amurka a matsayin mai tsara gine-gine yana aiki a kan ayyukan manyan hanyoyi na wani kamfanin injiniya. A wannan kamfanin, ya yi aikin sa kai don shirya sabuwar kwamfuta da aka saya. Dangane da tarihinsa a fannin shirye-shirye, Peterffy ya ce, "Ina ganin yadda Shugaba ke gudanar da kamfaninsa yana nuna tarihin rayuwarsa. Kasuwanci tarin tsari ne, kuma aikina shine in sarrafa waɗannan hanyoyin ta yadda za a iya yin su da inganci mafi girma."  

Peterffy ya bar aikinsa na ƙira software na ƙirar kuɗi kuma ya sayi kujera a Kasuwar Hannun Jari ta Amurka don yin ciniki da zaɓuɓɓukan hannun jari. A lokacin aikinsa na kuɗi, ya ci gaba da matsa lamba don maye gurbin hanyoyin hannu da waɗanda suka fi inganci ta atomatik. Ya rubuta lambar a cikin kansa a lokacin ciniki sannan ya yi amfani da ra'ayoyinsa ga samfuran ciniki na kwamfuta bayan sa'o'i. Peterffy ya haifar da rudani a tsakanin 'yan kasuwa ta hanyar gabatar da kwamfutocin hannu a farfajiyar ciniki a farkon shekarun 1980.   Kasuwancinsa da ya shafi matsayinsa na AMEX daga baya ya koma Interactive Brokers .   Ya sauka daga mukamin babban jami'i a shekarar 2019. 

A shekarar 2021, Interactive Brokers ta ƙaura da hedikwatarta ta Turai a Landan ta kuma ba da damar gudanar da ayyukanta zuwa sabbin cibiyoyin nahiyar guda biyu. Bayan haka, wani reshe a Ireland ya yi wa abokan cinikinta hidima, yayin da ayyukanta na Tsakiyar Turai ke da hedikwata a Budapest. A cewar Peterffy, ya zaɓi Budapest ne saboda ya gamsu cewa harshen Hungary da "manhajar Hungary ta musamman" za su haifar da riba mai yawa; yana kuma son biyan bashin da ya ci wa ƙasarsa ta Hungary. An kafa reshe mai suna Interactive Brokers Central Europe Zrt., a Hungary kuma ya zama memba na Budapest Stock Exchange (BSE) bayan an kafa shi.  

Peterffy, tare da Mark Penn, Victor Ganzi, Josh Harris, da James Tisch, sun ba da gudummawa ga asusun saka hannun jari na dala miliyan 50 a cikin *The Messenger*, wani gidan yanar gizo na labarai wanda aka ƙaddamar a watan Mayu na 2023.  

## Dillalai Masu Hulɗa
 
Kamfanin Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. (IB) kamfani ne mai sayar da rangwame ta yanar gizo a Amurka. Kamfanin ya samo asali ne daga shekarar 1977 lokacin da Peterffy ya sayi kujera a Kasuwar Hannun Jari ta Amurka a matsayin mai samar da kasuwa ta mutum ɗaya kuma ya kafa TP & Co. a shekara mai zuwa. IB yana da rassansa da yawa waɗanda ke aiki a mafi yawan manyan hannun jari, na gaba, shaidu, forex, da musayar zaɓuɓɓuka a duk duniya. Kamfanin ya fara bayar da tayin jama'a a ranar 4 ga Mayu 2007 a ƙarƙashin alamar Nasdaq  akan musayar Nasdaq .  A ranar 5 ga Oktoba, 2018, Interactive Brokers ta mayar da jerin sunayenta zuwa IEX, inda ta zama kamfanin da ya kafa kasuwar musayar.  *Mujallar Barron* ta bayyana a shekarar 2009 cewa Interactive Brokers ta ci gaba da kasancewa "wurin ciniki mafi arha ga masu zuba jari",  kuma Barron's ya ci gaba da sanya ta a matsayin dillalin mafi arha da kuma Mafi kyawun Dillalin Yanar Gizo a 2019. 

### OneChicago
 
OneChicago wani kamfani ne na musayar kuɗi ta lantarki wanda IB Exchange Group (IB), Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE), da CME Group suka mallaka tare. Kamfani ne mai zaman kansa wanda Hukumar Tsaro da Musayar Kuɗi da Hukumar Ciniki ta Commodity Futures ke kula da shi. Hedikwatar kamfanin OneChicago tana cikin ginin Hukumar Ciniki ta Chicago da ke yankin kuɗi na Chicago. OneChicago tana bayar da kimanin kayayyaki 2,272 na gaba ɗaya (SSF)  tare da sunaye kamar IBM, Apple da Google . An share duk ciniki ta hanyar Options Clearing Corporation (OCC). A lokacin, OneChicago tana gudanar da kasuwar gaba ɗaya ta hannun Amurka.

## Tasirin dokoki da ra'ayoyin siyasa
A shekarar 1999, Peterffy ya yi tasiri wajen shawo kan Hukumar Tsaro da Musayar Kuɗi (SEC) cewa ana iya haɗa kasuwannin zaɓuɓɓukan Amurka ta hanyar lantarki, wanda zai tabbatar da cewa masu zuba jari sun sami mafi kyawun farashin zaɓuɓɓuka. Ya kuma shaida a gaban Kwamitin Banki na Majalisar Dattawan Amurka kan Tsaro, Inshora, da Zuba Jari game da ƙara ƙa'idodin banki .

A lokacin yakin neman zaben shugaban ƙasa na Amurka na 2012, Peterffy ya ƙirƙiri tallace-tallacen siyasa don tallafawa Jam'iyyar Republican .  Peterffy ya sayi miliyoyin daloli na lokacin watsa shirye-shirye a kan hanyoyin sadarwa kamar CNN, CNBC, da Bloomberg . Tallace-tallacen sun ƙunshi wani wuri mai tsawon minti ɗaya da Peterffy ya bayar, yana gargaɗi game da gurguzu mai yaɗuwa a Amurka. Tallace-tallacen ba su dace ba, saboda Peterffy ba ɗan takara ba ne kuma bai sayi tallace-tallacen ta hanyar wata ƙungiya ta 527 ba, amma ya biya su kai tsaye. 

A wurin taron, Peterffy ya ce, "Arziƙin Amurka ya fito ne daga ƙoƙarin mutanen da ke ƙoƙarin samun nasara. Ku kawar da kwarin gwiwarsu da cin nasara, ku kuma kwace dukiyar da ke taimaka mana mu kula da mabukata. Haka ne, a cikin gurguzu, masu kuɗi za su fi talauci, amma talakawa ma za su fi talauci. Mutane za su rasa sha'awar yin aiki tuƙuru da ƙirƙirar ayyukan yi." 

Tallar Peterffy ta sami martani iri-iri. Joshua Green, wanda ke rubutu a *Bloomberg Businessweek*, ya ce "Tallacen, duk da cewa ba shi da daɗi, yana da gaskiya kuma yana da tasiri sosai." Green ya kuma tambayi Peterffy ko kwatancen da aka yi tsakanin Amurka da Hungary a cikin tallan ya kasance mai adalci: "[Peterffy] ba zai iya tunanin cewa Amurka za ta koma Hungary mai ra'ayin gurguzu ba, ko? Gwamnati ba ta danne magana da jefa abokan hamayyar siyasa a gidan yari ba. A'a, ya yarda, ba haka bane. Amma tabbas yana jin kamar wannan shine hanyar da muke bi."  *Politico* ya ce zai iya yin tasiri a Ohio saboda yawan jama'arta 'yan asalin Hungary . 

Bayanan rajistar masu jefa ƙuri'a a Connecticut sun nuna cewa an yi wa Peterffy rijista a matsayin mai zaɓe mai zaman kansa.  Ya ba da gudummawar sama da dala 60,000 ga Kwamitin Jam'iyyar Republican na Ƙasa a 2011 da kuma dala 100,000 ga wata ƙungiyar siyasa mai goyon bayan Donald Trump a lokacin zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na Amurka na 2016.  

### Ra'ayoyi kan Donald Trump da Jam'iyyar Republican
Da yake magana game da zaɓen 2016 a 2021, ya ce "A gaskiya ni ba mai goyon bayan Trump ba ne kwata-kwata. Ina fatan ba zai sake tsayawa takara ba."  Peterffy ya kuma ce Jam'iyyar Republican "ba ta da wani amfani kwata-kwata".  Peterffy ya ce bai zabi Trump a zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Republican a 2016 ba, amma ya goyi bayan takarar Trump na neman shugabancin ƙasar bayan Trump ya zama ɗan takarar jam'iyyar Republican saboda adawar Trump ga gurguzu da kuma haɗa kan jama'a . Peterffy yana zaune kusa da Mar-a-Lago, gidan Trump da ke Florida, kuma memba ne na Mar-a-Lago Club . 

Peterffy ya bayar da gudummawar dala 250,000 ga yakin neman zaben Donald Trump na 2020. 

A ƙarshen shekarar 2023, Peterffy, da sauran masu ba da gudummawa na jam'iyyar Republican masu arziki, sun nisanta kansu daga Trump. Peterffy ya ce a watan Disamba na 2023 cewa, "titin har yanzu yana fatan wani", kuma ya bayyana fatansa na wani babban taro mai sulhu .   Peterffy ya ce a wancan lokacin ba zai bayar da gudummawa don tallafawa kamfen ɗin Trump ba.  A watan Nuwamba na 2022, Peterffy ya ce Trump, "ba zai iya zama ɗan ƙasa ba" kuma cewa, ko da a matsayinsa na ɗan ƙasa zai zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗan takarar jam'iyyar Republican, "zai yi duk abin da zan iya don tabbatar da cewa ba shi ba ne." 

Duk da haka, Peterffy ya goyi bayan Trump a zaɓen 2024.  Peterffy ya halarci wani liyafar tara kuɗi ga Trump a ranar 10 ga Agusta, 2024, a Aspen, Colorado a gidan John da Amy Phelan, inda mahalarta suka bayar da gudummawar tsakanin $25,000 zuwa $500,000 ga kamfen ɗin Trump.   Bayanan tarayya sun nuna cewa Peterffy ya bayar da gudummawar dala $500,000 ga Kwamitin Trump 47, Inc. a ranar 5 ga Agusta, 2024, haka nan kuma dala $344,660 ga wannan kwamitin a ranar 12 ga Agusta, 2024. Kafin wannan lokacin bai bayar da gudummawar komai ga kamfen ɗin Trump ba yayin da har yanzu yana ba da gudummawar dala miliyan 7 ga ƙungiyoyin Republican da 'yan takara.   

A ranar 11 ga Disamba, 2024, bayan zaɓen, Peterffy ya zauna don yin hira da Sonali Basak na Bloomberg a wani taron Goldman Sachs Group Inc.. Basak ya ambaci a farkon hirar cewa Peterffy ya ba Trump gudummawa a shekarar 2020 da kuma a shekarar 2024, kuma Peterffy ya bayyana cewa, "bayan na girma a ƙasar gurguzu na fahimci tun da wuri a rayuwata cewa tattalin arzikin kasuwa mai 'yanci shine kawai hanyar da za a iya tafiyar da al'umma yadda ya kamata", kuma, "Na kasance ɗan Republican a duk rayuwata." Ya ce, "Ina matukar farin ciki da cewa wannan shine sakamakon da muka samu a wannan lokacin zaɓe." Duk da haka, Peterffy ya kuma nuna cewa ya ba da gudummawa tare ga sauran 'yan Republican fiye da ga Trump.   

A shekarar 2025, Peterffy ya ce, "Mutanen da suka fi kowa kuɗi 'yan kasuwa ne, kuma suna ƙara kusantar Trump saboda sun fahimci yadda Trump ya fi kyau ga tattalin arziki mai wadata." 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Ya auri Dale McDonald, kuma sun haifi 'ya'ya uku tare, 'ya'ya mata biyu da ɗa ɗaya, William Peterffy.   Daga baya suka sake.  

Shi kwararren mai hawan dawaki ne.  Yana zaune ne a Palm Beach, Florida .  Yana da gida a Aspen, Colorado.  A shekarar 2020, ya sayar da kadarorinsa na Connecticut mai fadin eka 80 akan dala miliyan 21 bayan da ya fara sayar da su akan dala miliyan 65 a shekarar 2015.  

## Kyauta

* Hungarian Order of Merit (2017)

## Manazarta