Aubrey Mokoape

Dr. **Maitshwe Nchuape Aubrey Mokoape** (6 Satumba 1944 - 26 Disamba 2020) ɗan gwagwarmayar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata ne na Afirka ta Kudu kuma shugaban ƙungiyar Pan-Africanist Congress da Black Consciousness Movement.  An fara kama shi kuma aka tsare shi yana da shekaru 15.  Ya yi karatu kuma yayi aiki tare da mai fafutukar yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata ta siyasa Steve Biko.  A Afirka ta Kudu bayan mulkin wariyar launin fata, Mokoape ya zama likita.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Aubrey Mokoape a birnin Johannesburg na Afirka ta Kudu, inda ya girma tun yana yaro amma daga baya ya koma Pretoria tare da iyalinsa. Aubrey da iyalinsa sun zauna a wani wuri na Johannesburg a cikin ginin da kawai ma'aikata ke zama a ciki.  Yana da 'yan'uwa uku, Walter, George, Keith da Barbara.&#x5B; ** &#x5D; Mahaifinsa ya yi aiki da wani tsohon kamfani ciniki da aka sani da Kamfanin Kasuwancin Giwa. Ya yi aiki a matsayin magatakarda aike amma kafin wannan ya yi aiki a matsayin malami.  An canza mahaifin Mokoape zuwa Pretoria da sauran danginsa kuma a nan ne Mokoape ya girma. Ya yi karatu ta hanyar ilimin Bantu a babbar makarantar sakandaren Johannesburg, a ɗayan wuraren, wanda aka fi sani da Makarantar Sakandare ta Orlando.  Shekarunsa a makarantar sakandaren Orlando sun shahara saboda yawan ayyukan siyasa. Daga baya ya karanci aikin likita a jami'ar Natal.

## Aikin siyasa
A shekarar 1948 aka fara koyar da ilimin Bantu kuma a shekarar 1955 shi da wasu tsiraru, su ne suka fara karatu a ƙarƙashin ilimin Bantu. Koyaya, a wannan lokacin an ƙarfafa dokokin da suka gabata kuma sun kasance masu tsauri fiye da da. An yi ta hargitsin siyasa sosai a wannan lokacin. A cikin shekarar 1957 yawancin ma'aikatan da ke wurin an nemi su tashi daga ginin kuma an ba su zuwa Soweto da Mokoape kuma an nemi danginsa su tashi daga ginin kuma su ƙaura zuwa Soweto. Baftismar siyasa ta Mokoape (kamar yadda ya kira ta)  ta faru gare shi a lokacin yajin aikin bas na Pebco kuma wannan shine aikin siyasa na farko da ya shiga. Wannan dai shi ne yajin aikin farko da ya shahara tun bayan da aka ƙaurace wa motocin bas sannan aka tilastawa ɗalibai yin tafiyar kilomita 7-8 zuwa makaranta.

Makarantarsa ta kasance babbar makarantar sakandire ta siyasa inda ya kuma haɗu da manyan shugabannin jam'iyyar Pan Africanist Congress (PAC).  Sun gudanar da tarurruka da tattaunawa kan batutuwan siyasa a lokutan makaranta kasancewar su makarantar Pan Africanist. Mokoape ya kasance ɗalibi mai magana a cikin takwarorinsa kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin makarantar. A cikin shekarar 1958 da 1959 yana da shekaru 14 da 15 Mokoape ya zama sanannen muryar siyasa a makarantar. Ya kuma sami damar kasancewa tare da mutane irin su Robert Sobukwe.  Maƙwabtansa, abokansa da mahaifinsa sun rinjayi Mokoape wajen zama ɗan Afirka kuma ya kasance a lokacin kafa PAC. 

A cikin shekarar 1959 mambobin jam'iyyun adawa da nuna wariyar launin fata sun miƙa kansu don kama su, duk da haka, a wannan lokacin Mokoape yana aiki a filin wasan golf a matsayin ɗan wasan da yake ƙoƙarin samun abin rayuwa yayin da yake halartar makaranta tare da muhimman membobin PAC. A ranar 21 ga watan Maris 1963 Mokoape da wasu ’yan uwansa sun yi tattaki tare da Sobukwe domin su miƙa kansu domin kama su ga ‘yan sanda amma ‘yan sanda ba su ɗauke su da muhimmanci ba.  Yayin da Mokoape da sauran masu fafutuka ke ci gaba da kasancewa a ofishin ‘yan sanda, ‘yan sandan sun ji an yi ta harbe-harbe a kan tattakin da aka kai ga abin da ake kira Kisan Sharpeville a yanzu. Kisan gilla na Sharpeville ya haifar da bala'i mai yawa kuma an tsare Mokoape da sauran 'yan siyasa daga baya. An yanke wa Mokoape da wasu 150 hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 3 a gidan yari kuma an tura su zuwa gidan yari mai lamba huɗu (tun lokacin da aka mayar da su Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta Afirka ta Kudu) a Pretoria.  An yankewa Sobukwe da sauran shugabannin hukuncin zaman gidan yari na shekaru 2 saboda shari’ar tasu ta sha bamban. Bayan an tsare su a gidan yari na Lamba huɗu na ƴan watanni, daga baya aka mayar da su gidan yarin Benoni daga ƙarshe kuma zuwa gidan yari a cikin Free State. An ɗaure su kaɗai da kuma zalunci ta hanyar tilasta musu yin aiki a cikin ma'adinai. 

Bayan da aka yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru uku saboda hannu a kisan kiyashin Sharpeville an sake Mokoape daga kurkuku kuma ya ci gaba da zama likita kuma ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Natal inda ya haɗu da Steve Bantu Biko.  Dukkanin Biko da Mokoap sun kasance manyan shugabannin tawayen na tawayen baƙar fata da ƙungiyar Afirka ta Kudu (Saso)  da kuma taron mutane na baƙi (BPC).  BCM ta fito ne a lokacin dakatar da ANC da PAC bayan kisan gillar Sharpeville. A saman gine-ginen makarantu da cibiyoyin kula da rana da kuma shiga cikin wasu ayyukan zamantakewa, BCM ta hanyar BCP ta shiga cikin gudanar da babban zanga-zangar da yajin aikin ma'aikata wanda ya mamaye al'ummar ƙasar a shekarar 1972 da 1973, musamman a Durban. Hakika, a cikin shekarar 1973, gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta fara murƙushe wannan yunkuri, tana mai da'awar cewa ra'ayinsu na ci gaban baƙar fata cin amana ne, kuma kusan dukkanin shugabannin SASO da BPC an dakatar da su Black Consciousness Movement. Mokoape yana ɗaya daga cikin membobin da aka taƙaita Durban. An san shi a matsayin wanda ya kafa BPC kuma likita a asibitin King Edward VII da ke Durban. A lokacin da aka haramta masa; An tuhume shi a ƙarƙashin dokar ta'addanci, a Kotun Koli ta Pretoria da ake kira Fadar Adalci an tsare shi a watan Satumba na 1974 kuma an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 6 a watan Disamba 1976, a shari'ar 'yan SASO da BPC tara.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Dokta Mokoape ya zauna tare da matarsa Gwen a Durban Kwa-Zulu Natal Afirka ta Kudu.

## Mutuwa
Mokoape ya mutu a ranar 26 ga watan Disamba, 2020. Ya kasance yana rashin lafiya da hawan jini, kuma ya gwada ingancin COVID-19 a ranar Kirsimeti yayin bala'in COVID-19 a Afirka ta Kudu. Ya samu ƙarancin iskar oxygen a ranar 26 ga watan Disamba, kuma ya mutu akan hanyar zuwa asibiti. 

## Duba kuma

* Black Consciousness Movement

## Manazarta

## Sources

* ^"Dr. Maitshwe Mokoape". Tarihin Afirka ta Kudu a kan layi. An samo shi a 2013-05-11.
* ^"sharpveville massacre da muhimmancin tarihi gwagwarmaya da wariyar launin fata". Tarihin Afirka ta Kudu.org An samo shi a 2013-05-12.
* Adireshin Aubrey Mokoape a taron tunawa da Steve Biko a Grahamstown a ranar 19 ga Satumba 2012 . Google.com. An samo shi a 2013-05-12.
* Motsi na baƙar fata. Wikipedia. An samo shi a 2013-05-11.
* ^" Siyasa da Magunguna kusa da zuciya". Sowetan yana rayuwa. An samo shi a 2013-05-11.
* ^"bayar da ƙungiyar mutanen da ba su da aikin yi game da girmama ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar steve biko". [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] An samo shi a 2013-05-12.
* ^"Afirka ta Kudu: mamaye wariyar launin fata". Nchaupe Aubrey Mokoape da David Wiley ya yi hira da shi 10 Nuwamba 2006 Durban, Afirka ta Kudu. An samo shi a 2013-05-11