Ranar haihuwa

**ranar zagayowar haihuwa** ita ce ranar tunawa da haihuwar mutum, ko kuma a alamance na wata hukuma. Ana yin Bikin ranar haihuwar mutane a al'adu da yawa, sau da yawa tare da kyaututtuka na ranar haihuwar, katunan ranar haihuwar ranar haihuwar jama'a, ko al'adar wucewa.

Addinai da yawa suna murna da haihuwar wadanda suka kafa su ko kuma masu addini tare da bukukuwan biki na musamman (misali Kirsimeti, Mawlid, Ranar Haihuwar Buddha, Krishna Janmashtami, da Gurpurb).

## Taron Shari'a
Akwai bambanci tsakanin *ranar* haihuwar da ranar haihuwar (wanda aka fi sani da ranar haihuwar): na farko, ban da Fabrairu 29, yana faruwa a kowace shekara (misali Janairu 15), yayin da na ƙarshe shine cikakken ranar da aka haifi mutum (misali Janiru 15, 2001).

## Taron al'adu

Al'adu da yawa suna da ranar haihuwar haihuwa ɗaya ko fiye:

* A Kanada da Amurka, iyalai galibi suna yin bikin ranar haihuwar yarinya ta 16 tare da bikin "mai dadi goma sha shida" - sau da yawa ana wakilta shi a cikin al'adun gargajiya.
* A wasu ƙasashen Hispanic, da kuma Brazil, bikin *quinceañera* (Spanish) ko festa de quinze anos (Portuguese) al'ada yana nuna ranar haihuwar yarinya ta 15.
* A cikin Philippines, ana gudanar da wata ƙungiya mai suna debut ga mata matasa a ranar haihuwarsu ta 18 da samari a ranar haihuwarsu ta 21.
* A wasu ƙasashen Asiya waɗanda ke bin Kalandar zodiac, akwai al'adar yin bikin ranar haihuwar 60.
* A Koriya, mutane da yawa suna yin bikin gargajiya na Baek-il (Bikin ranar 100th) da Doljanchi (Ranar haihuwar yaro ta farko).
* A Japan, mutane suna bikin Ranar Zuwan Shekara, ga duk waɗanda suka cika shekaru 18.
* A cikin ƙasashen Commonwealth na Burtaniya, ana aika katunan daga Royal Family ga waɗanda ke murna da ranar haihuwarsu ta 100 da 105 kuma kowace shekara bayan haka.
* A Ghana, a ranar haihuwarsu, yara suna farkawa zuwa wani abinci na musamman da ake kira "oto" wanda shine patty da aka yi da dankali mai zaki da ƙwai da aka soya a cikin Man dabino. Daga baya suna da bikin ranar haihuwar inda yawanci suke cin stew da shinkafa da kuma abincin da aka sani da "kelewele", wanda shinge soya plantain.  
* Yara maza Yahudawa suna da bar mitzvah a ranar haihuwarsu ta 13. 'Yan matan Yahudawa suna da bat mitzvah a ranar haihuwarsu ta 12, ko kuma wani lokacin a ranar haihuwarsu ta 13 a cikin Reform da Conservative Judaism. Wannan alama ce ta sauyawa inda suka zama tilas a cikin Dokoki wanda aka cire su a baya kuma ana kiransu a matsayin wani ɓangare na al'umma.

Ranar haihuwar manyan mutane na tarihi, kamar jarumai na kasa ko masu kafawa, galibi ana tunawa da su ta hanyar hutu na hukuma wanda ke nuna ranar haihuwar su. 

* Ana tunawa da tsarkaka na Katolika ta hanyar biki na liturgical a ranar tunawa da "haihuwarsu" a sama a.k.a. ranar mutuwarsu. Tsohon Romawa sun yi bikin tunawa da keɓewar haikalin ko wani taron kafa a matsayin dies natalis, kalmar da har yanzu ana amfani da ita a wasu lokuta ga ranar tunawa da wata ma'aikata (kamar jami'a).

Ranar haihuwar mutum ta Beddian, mai suna don girmamawa ga mai kashe gobara Bobby Beddia,  ya faru ne a lokacin shekarar da shekarunsu ya dace da lambobi biyu na ƙarshe na shekarar da aka haife su. 

A cikin al'adu da hukunce-hukunce da yawa, idan ba a san ainihin ranar haihuwar mutum ba (alal misali, idan marayu ne), to ana iya karɓar ranar haihuwarsu ko sanya ta zuwa takamaiman rana ta shekara, kamar Janairu 1. Ana yin bikin ranar haihuwar Yesu a lokacin Kirsimeti. Ana la'akari da dawakai na tseren su zama shekara guda a cikin shekara bayan haihuwar su a ranar 1 ga Janairu a Arewacin Hemisphere da 1 ga Agusta a Kudancin Hemispher.

## Hadisai

A wasu sassan duniya, ana yin bikin ranar haihuwar mutum ta hanyar wata ƙungiya da ke nuna kek da aka yi musamman. Ana iya yin ado da haruffa da shekarun mutum, ko kuma an rufe shi da adadin kyandir kamar shekarun mutum. Mutumin da aka yi murna na iya yin murna a shiru kuma yayi ƙoƙari ya busa kyandirori a cikin numfashi ɗaya; idan ya ci nasara, camfi yana riƙe da cewa za a ba da murna. A al'adu da yawa, dole ne a ɓoye burin ko kuma ba zai "zama gaskiya" ba. 

Baƙi suna ba da kyauta ga mutum wanda ya dace da shekarunsu. Sauran ayyukan ranar haihuwar na iya haɗawa da nishaɗi (wani lokacin ta ƙwararren mai hayar, watau clown, mai sihiri, ko mawaƙi), da kuma gasa ta musamman ko jawabi daga mai bikin ranar haihuwar. Sashe na karshe na shahararren waƙar Patty Hill da Mildred Hill, "Good Morning to You" (wanda ba a san shi ba "Happy Birthday to You") yawanci baƙi ne ke raira shi a wani lokaci a cikin ayyukan. A wasu ƙasashe, piñata yana ɗaukar wurin kek.
Fayil:Birthday_cake_(8973445388)_(cropped).jpg|Birthday cake with lit candles
Fayil:Birthday_Cake_2.jpg|Birthday cake with name and age
Fayil:Birthday_cake,_Downpatrick,_April_2010_(01).JPG|Strawberry shortcake with one candle
Fayil:Birthday.jpg|Close-up of candles before lighting
Fayil:Wikipedia_20th_Birthday_Cake3_at_Wikipedia_Conference_Hokitika_2021.jpg|Wikipedia birthday cake with no candles


### Kwanakin suna
A wasu ƙasashen Roman Katolika da Orthodox na Gabas na tarihi,  ya zama ruwan dare a sami 'ranar suna', in ba haka ba an san ta da 'ranar Mai Tsarki'. Ana yin bikin ne kamar yadda ranar haihuwar take, amma ana gudanar da shi a ranar hukuma ta wani saint tare da sunan Kirista iri ɗaya da mutumin ranar haihuwar; bambancin shi ne cewa mutum na iya duba ranar sunan mutum a cikin kalandar, ko kuma a sauƙaƙe tunawa da kwanakin suna (alal misali, *Yahaya* ko *Maryamu*); duk da haka a cikin al'adun ibada, sau da yawa ana yin su biyu su yarda ta hanyar ba jariri sunan wani saint da aka yi bikin a ranar tabbatarwa da shi, ba da shi, sau da wuya. Wasu ana ba su sunan bikin addini na ranar baftisma ko ranar haihuwar su, misali, *Noel* ko *Pascal* (Faransanci don Kirsimeti da "na Easter"); a matsayin wani misali, an ba [./&#x3C;i&#x20;id= Palmiro_Togliatti" id="mwuw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Palmiro Togliatti">Togliatti] Palmiro a matsayin sunansa na farko saboda an haife shi a ranar Lahadi ta Palm.

### Ranar haihuwar hukuma

Wasu sanannun mutane, musamman sarakuna, suna da *ranar haihuwar hukuma* a ranar da aka tsara a shekara, wanda bazai dace da ranar haihuwarsu ba, amma a kan abin da ake gudanar da bukukuwan. Misalan su ne:

* Ana yin bikin ranar haihuwar Yesu Kristi a matsayin Kirsimeti Kirsimeti ko Ranar Kirsimeti a duniya, a ranar 24 ko 25 ga Disamba, bi da bi. Kamar yadda wasu majami'u na Gabas ke amfani da Kalandar Julian, Disamba 25 zai fadi a ranar 7 ga Janairu a cikin Kalandar Gregorian. Wadannan kwanakin gargajiya ne kuma ba su da alaƙa da ainihin ranar haihuwar Yesu, wanda ba a rubuta shi a cikin Linjila ba.
* Hakazalika, ana yin bikin ranar haihuwar Budurwa Maryamu da Yahaya Maibaftisma a ranar 8 ga Satumba 8 24 ga Yuni, musamman a cikin al'adun Roman Katolika da Orthodox na Gabas (ko da yake ga waɗancan majami'un Orthodox na Gabashin da ke amfani da kalandar Julian kwanakin Gregorian masu dacewa sune Satumba 21 da Yuli 7 bi da bi). Kamar yadda yake tare da Kirsimeti, kwanakin waɗannan bukukuwan gargajiya ne kuma mai yiwuwa ba su da alaƙa da ainihin ranar haihuwar waɗannan mutane.
* Ranar Haihuwar Sarki ko Ranar haihuwar Sarauniya a Ostiraliya, Fiji, Kanada, New Zealand, da Ingila.
* Ana yin bikin Ranar haihuwar Grand Duke a Luxembourg a ranar 23 ga Yuni. Wannan ya bambanta da ainihin ranar haihuwar sarkin, wanda shine ranar 16 ga Afrilu.
* *Koninginnedag* a cikin Masarautar Netherlands yawanci ana yin bikin ne a ranar 30 ga Afrilu. Sarauniya Beatrix ta gyara shi a ranar haihuwar mahaifiyarta, sarauniya ta baya, don kauce wa yanayin hunturu da ke da alaƙa da ranar haihuwarta a watan Janairu. Ranar haihuwar sarki na yanzu ita ce 27 ga Afrilu, kuma ana yin bikin ne a wannan rana kuma ya maye gurbin bikin 30 ga Afrilu na Koninginnedag.
* Ranar haihuwar Sarkin sarakuna na Japan na baya Showa (Hirohito) ita ce Afrilu 29. Bayan mutuwarsa, an gudanar da hutun a matsayin "Showa no Hi", ko "Ranar Showa". Wannan hutun ya fadi kusa da Golden Week, mako a ƙarshen Afrilu da farkon Mayu.
* Ana bikin ranar haihuwar Kim Il Sung da Kim Jong Il a Koriya ta Arewa a matsayin bukukuwan kasa da ake kira Ranar Rana da Ranar Haskakawa bi da bi.
* Ranar Haihuwar Washington, wacce aka fi sani da Ranar Shugabannin, hutu ne na tarayya a Amurka wanda ke bikin ranar haihuwar George Washington. Ana kiyaye ranar haihuwar Shugaba Washington a ranar Litinin ta uku ta Fabrairu a kowace shekara. Koyaya, ainihin ranar haihuwarsa ita ce Fabrairu 11 (Tsohon Style), ko Fabrairu 22 (Sabon Style).
* A Indiya, kowace shekara 2 ga Oktoba wanda ke nuna ranar haihuwar Mahatma Gandhi, ana ayyana shi a matsayin hutu. Dukkanin shagunan giya an rufe su a duk faɗin ƙasar don girmama Gandhi da ba ya shan giya.
* Martin Luther King Jr. Day">Ranar Martin Luther King Jr. hutu ne na tarayya a Amurka wanda ke nuna ranar haihuwar Martin Luther King Junior. Ana kiyaye shi a ranar Litinin ta uku ta Janairu a kowace shekara, wanda ke kusa da lokacin ranar haihuwar Sarki, Janairu 15.
* Mawlid ita ce ranar haihuwar Muhammadu kuma ana yin bikin ne a ranar 12 ko 17 ta Rabi' al-awwal ta mabiyan Sunni da Shia Islam bi da bi. Waɗannan su ne kwanakin haihuwar Muhammadu guda biyu da aka fi yarda da su.

## Rarraba a cikin shekara

Ana rarraba ranakun haihuwa daidai a cikin shekara, tare da wasu tasirin yanayi.

A Amurka, ana yawan samun karin haihuwa a watan Satumba da Oktoba. Wannan na iya zama saboda akwai Lokacin hutu watanni tara da suka gabata (lokacin daukar ciki na mutum kusan watanni tara ne), ko kuma saboda mafi tsawo na dare na shekara yana faruwa a Arewacin Hemisphere watanni tara da ya gabata. Koyaya, ya bayyana cewa bukukuwan suna da tasiri sosai a kan yawan haihuwa fiye da hunturu: New Zealand, ƙasar Kudancin Hemisphere, tana da wannan Satumba da Oktoba ba tare da daidaitaccen matsayi a watan Maris da Afrilu ba. Ranar haihuwar da ba a saba gani ba tana faɗuwa a lokacin bukukuwan jama'a, kamar Kirsimeti, Ranar Sabuwar Shekara da kuma bukukuwan da aka tsara kamar 4 ga Yuli 4 Amurka.

A Amurka tsakanin 1973 da 1999, Satumba 16 shine ranar haihuwar da aka fi sani a Amurka kuma Disamba 25 shine ranar haihuwar da ba a saba gani ba (ban da Fabrairu 29, saboda shekaru masu tsalle).  A cikin 2011, an bayar da rahoton Oktoba 5 da 6 a matsayin ranar haihuwar da ke faruwa akai-akai.

A New Zealand, ranar haihuwar da aka fi sani da ita ita ce 29 ga Satumba, kuma ranar haihuwar ranar da ba a fi sani da shi ba ita ce 25 ga Disamba. Ranar haihuwar goma da aka fi sani da ita duk sun fada cikin kwanaki goma sha uku, tsakanin Satumba 22 da Oktoba 4. Ranar haihuwar goma da ba a saba gani ba (ban da Fabrairu 29) sune Disamba 24-27, Janairu 1-2, Fabrairu 6, Maris 22, Afrilu 1 da Afrilu 25. Wannan ya dogara ne akan duk haihuwar da aka yi rajista a New Zealand tsakanin 1980 da 2017.

Haɗin kai mai kyau da mara kyau tare da kwanakin al'adu masu mahimmanci na iya rinjayar yawan haihuwa. Binciken ya nuna raguwar kashi 5.3% a cikin haihuwar haihuwa da kuma raguwar kashi 16.9% a cikin haihuwar Caesarean a ranar Halloween, idan aka kwatanta da kwanakin da suka faru a cikin mako guda kafin da mako guda bayan hutun Oktoba. Sabanin haka, a ranar soyayya akwai karuwar kashi 3.6% a cikin haihuwar haihuwa da kuma karuwar kashi 12.1% a cikin haifin Caesarean.A Sweden an haifi kashi 9.3% na yawan jama'a a watan Maris kuma kashi 7.3% a watan Nuwamba lokacin da rarraba uniform zai ba da kashi 8.3%.

## Ranar tsalle
A cikin Kalandar Gregorian (kalandar hasken rana ta yau da kullun), Fabrairu a cikin shekara mai tsalle yana da kwanaki 29 maimakon na yau da kullun 28, don haka shekara tana da kwanaki 366 maimakon na yau.

Mutumin da aka haifa a ranar 29 ga Fabrairu ana iya kiransa "mai tsalle-tsalle" ko "mai tsere". A cikin shekaru na yau da kullun, yawanci suna bikin ranar haihuwar su a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu. A wasu yanayi, ana amfani da Maris 1 a matsayin ranar haihuwar a cikin shekara mai ban sha'awa tun lokacin da rana ce ta biyo bayan Fabrairu 28.

A zahiri, tsalle-tsalle zai sami karancin ranar haihuwar haihuwa fiye da shekarunsu a cikin shekaru. Ana amfani da wannan sabon abu lokacin da mutum ya yi iƙirarin cewa yana da kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na ainihin shekarunsu, ta hanyar ƙidaya ranar haihuwar shekara kawai. A cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Gilbert da Sullivan na 1879 The Pirates of Penzance, Frederic ɗan fashi ya gano cewa an tilasta masa ya yi wa 'yan fashi hidima har zuwa *ranar haihuwar* ta 21 maimakon har zuwa *shekara.* ta 21. Don dalilai na shari'a, ranar haihuwar doka ta dogara da yadda dokokin gida ke ƙidaya lokaci.

## Hadarin kididdiga na mutuwa
Wasu binciken sun nuna cewa mutane sun fi mutuwa a ranar haihuwarsu, tare da bayani ciki har da shan giya, kashe kansa, abubuwan da suka faru na zuciya saboda matsananciyar damuwa ko farin ciki, kokarin jinkirta mutuwa don manyan abubuwan da suka shafi zamantakewa, da kuskuren takardar shaidar mutuwa.

## Ta hanyar addini

### Addinin Yahudanci
A cikin Addinin Yahudanci, malamai sun rabu game da yin bikin wannan al'ada, kodayake yawancin masu aminci sun yarda da shi. A cikin Attaura kawai ambaton ranar haihuwar, yana nufin bikin ranar haihuwar Fir'auna a Misira, kamar yadda aka rubuta a Farawa (Parashat Vaieshev) 40:20 .

### Kiristanci

#### Karni na farko
Origen a cikin sharhinsa "A kan Levites" ya rubuta cewa Kiristoci bai kamata kawai su guji yin bikin ranar haihuwarsu ba, amma ya kamata su kalli su da ƙyama a matsayin al'adar arna. Ana yin bikin kwanakin Saint ne a ranar tunawa da shahadar ko mutuwarsu, ana daukar su a matsayin lokaci ko shiri don shiga Sama ko Sabon Urushalima.

#### Zamanin Tsakiya
Mutanen yau da kullun sun yi bikin ranar tsarkakarsu (santa da aka sanya musu suna), amma manyan mutane sun yi bikin tunawa da haihuwarsu.  "Squire's Tale", daya daga cikin Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, ya buɗe yayin da Sarki Cambuskan ya ayyana biki don bikin ranar haihuwarsa.

#### Zamani na zamani
Cocin Katolika, Cocin Orthodox na Gabas da Furotesta, watau manyan rassa uku na Kiristanci, da kuma kusan dukkanin addinan addinin Kirista, suna la'akari da yin bikin ranar haihuwar da aka yarda da ita ko a mafi yawancin zaɓin mutum. Wani abu banda shi ne Shaidun Jehobah, waɗanda ba sa yin bikin saboda dalilai daban-daban: a cikin fassararsu wannan biki yana da asalin arna, Kiristoci na farko ba su yi bikin ba, an bayyana shi da kyau a cikin Nassosi Masu Tsarki kuma yana da al'adun da ke da alaƙa da camfi da sihiri.

### Musulunci
Ranar haihuwar ba ta nuna al'adar Islama ba, kuma saboda wannan, yawancin Musulmai sun guji yin bikin. Sauran ba sa adawa, muddin ba a haɗa shi da halayyar da ta saba wa al'adar Islama ba. Wani bangare mai kyau na Musulmai (da Kiristoci na Larabawa) waɗanda suka yi hijira zuwa Amurka da Turai suna yin bikin ranar haihuwar kamar yadda aka saba musamman ga yara, yayin da wasu suka guje.

Har ila yau, akwai jayayya da yawa game da halattacciyar bikin Mawlid, (ranar haihuwar Muhammadu), kamar yadda wasu Musulmai suka yi la'akari da al'adar a matsayin aikin da ba a yarda da shi ba bisa ga al'adar Musulunci.
## Manazarta