Mohammad Shafiq Hamdam

**Mohammad Shafiq Hamdam** (Pashto: **ډاکټر محمد شفیق همدم**) sanannen marubuci ne, jagora a fasahar sadarwa da tsaro ta yanar gizo, kuma manazarcin siyasa daga Afghanistan.   Ya rike muƙamai kamar mataimakin babban mai bai wa shugaban Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Afganistan shawara, babban manazarci/mai ba da shawara ga NATO  da kuma shugaban kungiyar yaki da cin hanci da rashawa ta Afghanistan (AACN). 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Hamdam a watan Janairun 1981 a ƙauyen Alishing da ke lardin Laghman a ƙasar Afganistan. A shekarar 1986 ya shiga makarantar firamare ta Lam-e-Shahid a Kabul. A shekarar 1999 ya sauke karatu a Shahid Muhammad Arif High School a Jalalabad. A wannan shekarar, ya shiga Kwalejin Kimiyyar Siyasa ta Jami'ar Nangarhar amma Taliban ta tilasta masa barin. A cikin shekarar 2002, ya sami digiri na farko a Kimiyyar Lafiya daga Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya ta Nangarhar. A cikin shekarar 2003, ya sami Difloma mai zurfi a fannin Gudanarwa da Tattalin Arziki daga Kwalejin Gudanarwa da Tattalin Arziki na Swiss. A cikin shekarar 2010, ya sauke karatu daga Cibiyar George C Marshall,   Cibiyar Nazarin Tsaro ta Turai a Jamus, inda ya karanta ci gaban tsaro da dangantakar ƙasa da ƙasa. Ya kammala Babban Shirin a Makarantar Gwamnati ta John F. Kennedy a Jami'ar Harvard. Ya kuma sami Digiri na biyu na Tsaron Ƙasa daga Cibiyar Siyasa ta Duniya da ke Washington, DC. Yana da Master of Engineering a Cybersecurity daga Makarantar Injiniya da Aiwatar da Kimiyya a Jami'ar George Washington. Hamdam ya kware a cikin yaruka da yawa, gami da Dari, Pashto, Urdu, da Ingilishi.

## Tarihin sana'a/Aiki

Hamdam a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin babban mai ba da shawara a Deloitte, yana ba da jagoranci da tallafi ga kamfanoni na Fortune 100 da yawa a cikin yanayin tsaro na intanet da fasahar bayanai. Kafin wannan matsayi, ya riƙe muƙamin Babban Manajan Shirye-shirye a Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya da ke Washington, DC A Afghanistan, Hamdam ya kasance mataimakin babban mai ba da shawara ga shugaban Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Afghanistan  kan harkokin ƙasa da ƙasa a babban ba da shawara. Ofishin Shugaban Ƙasa kan Harkokin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (SAOP UN-Affairs).

Al'amuran Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na SAOP sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen aiwatar da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya guda daya ga Afghanistan, tsarin dabarun da ya maye gurbin Tsarin Taimakon Ci Gaban Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (UNDAF) ga Afghanistan. Wannan ya haɗa da yin nasarar tsara tsarin tabbatar da daidaito tsakanin gwamnatin Afghanistan da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. Aiwatar da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya Ɗaya ko Isarwa A Matsayin Ɗaya (DAO) ya gabatar da manyan ƙalubale ga dangin MDD da gwamnatin Afghanistan, amma SAOP ta samu nasara a wannan kokarin.

A karkashin sabon tsarin, an wajabta wa Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta daidaita shirye-shiryenta da ayyukanta tare da dabarun ƙasa da abubuwan da suka sa gaba a Afghanistan.

A matsayinsa na Babban Mashawarci kuma Babban Manazarci, Hamdam ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ba da shawara ga manyan NATO, Amurka, da masu tsara manufofin ƙasa da ƙasa  kan harkokin siyasa da ci gaba na Afghanistan, Kudancin Asiya, da Asiya ta Tsakiya. A sa'i ɗaya kuma, yana riƙe da muƙamin shugaban  na kungiyar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa ta Afganistan (AACN), wata fitacciyar haɗakar kungiyoyin farar hula da ta himmatu wajen magance cin hanci da rashawa. 

Hamdam ya raba gwanintarsa a matsayinsa na kwararre kan batutuwa na Jami'ar Maryland kuma a matsayin babban jami'in bincike a Civil Vision International.  Kwarewarsa daban-daban sun haɗa da yin aiki a matsayin babban mai ba da shawara kan harkokin watsa labarai, siyasa, da diflomasiyyar jama'a ga babban wakilin farar hula na NATO a Afghanistan daga shekarun 2008 zuwa 2014.

Bayan shawarwarinsa da ayyukan nazari, Hamdam yana aiki tare da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban. Ya zauna a Hukumar Kula da Cigaban Ilimi ta Zamani (MODE) kuma yana aiki a matsayin shugaban hukumar zartarwa na Kungiyar Kallon Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa.  Har ila yau, shi ne ƙwalwar da ke bayan yunƙuri irin su Youth For Peace, Afganistan Youth Against Corruption, Anti-Corruption Watch Organization, da Kabul Tribune—jarida ta yanar gizo. Bugu da ƙari, Hamdam ya kafa kungiyar Haɗin kan matan Afganistan da ke yaki da cin hanci da rashawa.

Alamominsa sun haɗa da kasancewa memba na Shugabannin Matasan Afganistan Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES), Mataimakin Shirye-shiryen a Cibiyar Gina Zaman Lafiya ta Hiroshima, da kuma ɗan takara a Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kai ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ( UNCAC ). Hamdam kuma memba ne na Muryar Against Corruption da kungiyar farar hula ta Afganistan don bayar da shawarwari.

A lokacin zaɓukan shugaban ƙasa da na lardin Afganistan na shekarar 2009, Hamdam ya ba da gudummawa a matsayin mai gabatar da jawabai kan tattaunawar siyasa a Moby Media, Tolo TV Daga shekarun 2003 zuwa 2008, ya riƙe muƙamin mai kula da harkokin yaɗa labarai kuma mai magana da yawun Operation Dore Freedom and Department of Defense.  A cikin shekarun 2002 da 2003, Hamdam ya yi aiki a matsayin Manajan Ayyuka na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya 'Demobilization, Disarmament, and Reintegration project a Kabul.

Tafiyarsa zuwa hidimar jama'a ta fara ne a cikin shekarar 2001 a matsayin mai fassara mai zaman kansa, kuma daga shekarun 1998 zuwa 2001, ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Ayyuka tare da Health Net International TPO da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya a birnin Jalalabad a gabashin Afghanistan. Ƙungiyar Asiya ta amince da Hamdam a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Shugabannin Matasan Asiya na 21,  yana mai da hankali ga gagarumar gudunmawar da ya bayar ga jagoranci a yankin.

## Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa

Hamdam ya ce matsalar cin hanci da rashawa ita ce babbar matsalar da ke haifar da rashin tsaro a Afganistan da kuma tashe tashen hankula,  noman poppy, sarrafa muggan kwayoyi da safarar miyagun kwayoyi. Ya kafa mafi girman rukuni na masu fafutuka na zamantakewar al'umma daga ko'ina cikin Afghanistan don yaki da cin hanci da rashawa, aiki mafi haɗari da kuma tsauri a ɗaya daga cikin mafi cin hanci da rashawa da rashin kwanciyar hankali a duniya. Ta hanyar zanga-zangar lumana da zanga-zangar irin wannan 5&nbsp;Km a faɗin ƙasar na yaki da cin hanci da rashawa, ya tara dubban 'yan ƙasar don matsawa gwamnati lamba ta kawo sauyi, ta hanyar 5&nbsp;km tseren cin hanci da rashawa. Ya kuma haɗa kan matasa da ɗalibai da mata domin su taka rawa wajen yaki da cin hanci da rashawa. Shi mai fafutuka ne mai fafutuka, wanda ya bayyana kararrakin manyan jami'an cin hanci da rashawa kuma ya bayar da shawarar bin sawu da zalunci  na mambobin majalisar ministoci da manyan 'yan siyasa. Hamdam ya tona asirin satar filaye, da almundahana da manyan jami'an gwamnati da na majalisar ministoci. Ya bayar da shawarar tabbatar da gaskiya a zaɓe da kuma gyara.  Ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bankaɗo almundahana a bankin Kabul, inda aka wawure kusan dalar Amurka biliyan daya ta hanyar cin hanci da rashawa da kuma haddasa rugujewar bankin.

Hamdam ya kasance mai sukar gwamnatin Karzai saboda rashin ɗaukar kwararan matakai na yaki da cin hanci da rashawa. A wata hira da ya yi da gidan talabijin na CBS ya ce cin hanci da rashawa yana farawa ne daga kan titi zuwa fada kuma ya kira gwamnatin Karzai a matsayin gwamnati mafi cin hanci da rashawa. Ya sha yin kira da matsin lamba ga gwamnatin Afganistan kan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa kuma yana kallon cin hanci da rashawa a matsayin babbar matsala ga ƙasar.  Don gudummawar da ya bayar ga gaskiya, adalci, zaman lafiya da tsaro na Afganistan, an zaɓe shi don bada lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Nobel ta 2013  ta Combined Joint Interagency Task Force-Shafafiyat (Rundunar Tsaro ta NATO). 

## Al'amuran Afghanistan

Hamdam na bin diddigin abubuwan da ke faruwa a Afganistan da na ƙasashen yankin. Bayan al'amuran Afghanistan a matsayin mai sa ido, ya halarci taron ƙasa da ƙasa kan Afghanistan, Hague 2009 a Netherlands, taron NATO 60 a Strasburg da Kehl, Faransa a shekarar 2009, taron ƙasa da ƙasa na Kabul a shekarar 2010, taron NATO a Lisbon Portugal a shekarar 2010, 2nd International Bonn Conference game da Afghanistan, taron kolin Chicago na NATO a shekarar 2011  da dubun-dubatar sauran tarukan ƙasa da na ƙasa da ƙasa kan Afghanistan. A matsayinsa na ɗan kallo, ya lura da zaɓukan shugaban ƙasa na Afghanistan a shekarar 2004 da 2009, da zaɓen 'yan majalisar dokokin Afghanistan da na larduna a shekarar 2005 da Loya Jirga na Gargajiya kan Afghanistan da yarjejeniyar kawancen Amurka. 

Da yake ba da shawara don kusanci da ƙawayen yamma,  Hamdam ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Tsaro ta Biyu (BSA) tsakanin Afghanistan da Amurka. Daga cikin shugabannin da masu fafutuka na Afghanistan, ya kuma sanya hannu kan wasikar zuwa ga shugaba Obama na bayar da shawarwari ga BSA kuma wasikar ta ce: Mun yi kakkausar suka kan amincewa da yarjejeniyar tsaro da ƙasashen biyu suka cimma a watan jiya a *Loya Jirga* tare da jaddada cewa ya kamata a sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar ba tare da bata lokaci ba.  Muryarmu tana nuna ƙwazo mai girma daga kowane ɓangarorin al'ummar Afganistan, gami da shugabannin addinanmu da na 'yan kasuwa, waɗanda suka damu game da makomar ƙasarmu kuma suna fatan ganin ƙarshen ƙarshe na BSA cikin gaggawa.

Wakilin Afganistan a Majalisar Tarayyar Turai, yana ba da shawarar samar da zaman lafiya,  amintacce, nuna gaskiya da yaki da cin hanci da rashawa. Ya buƙaci shugabannin Tarayyar Turai da Majalisar Tarayyar Turai da Hukumar Tarayyar Turai su tallafa wa Afganistan a yaki da cin hanci da rashawa. Ya rubuta a ɗaya daga cikin muƙalarsa ga shugabannin EU cewa: Afghanistan ita kaɗai ba za ta iya cimma burinta na rage cin hanci da rashawa ba; tana buƙatar goyon bayan ƙasashen duniya. Ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba, yakamata a ɗauki matakai masu mahimmanci don kawar da matsalar. Waɗannan ayyuka yakamata su haɗa da baiwa kungiyoyin farar hula da kafafen yaɗa labarai damar taka rawa wajen yaki da cin hanci da rashawa. Idan ana son Afganistan ta cancanci samun taimako a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, za a buƙaci da gaske, da himma mai karfi, da azamar siyasa, da kuma yanke shawara a aikace domin aiwatar da dokoki da dabarun da ake bukata don shawo kan matsalar cin hanci da rashawa a Afghanistan.

Hamdam dai ya sha suka kan ra'ayinsa na goyon bayan ƙasashen yamma daga wasu 'yan siyasar Afganistan da wasu masu adawa da ƙasashen yamma. Ana yi masa kallon mai goyon bayan Yamma. A matsayinsa na babban mai ba da shawara kan harkokin diflomasiyya na NATO, sau da yawa yakan kare manufofin NATO da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, ana ganinsa a matsayin mai goyon bayan NATO. Hamdam ya sha kare matsayin NATO a lokuta da dama kuma ya sha ba da shawarar cewa Afganistan ta zama mamba ta NATO. Ya sha suka daga masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na musulmi da masu fafutuka a yankin saboda labarinsa, inda ya bayyana karara cewa ya kamata Afghanistan ta kasance mamba ta NATO. Bayan kammala aikin ISAF, ya ba da shawarar a ɗaya daga cikin kasidarsa cewa, "Ya kamata gwamnatin Afghanistan da NATO su sami damar shiga sabuwar dangantaka, cikakke, kusanci, karfi da dangantaka. mutunta Afghanistan Dangantakar da ka iya sanya Afganistan ta zama ƙasa memba ta NATO a nan gaba." Yayin da wasu manazarta ke kiran aikin na ISAF a matsayin gazawa, amma Hamdam ya kira hakan a matsayin nasara mai cike da tarihi kuma babba. 

## A matsayin marubuci

Ya rubuta wa *The Huffington Post*  da kuma manyan jaridu da mujallu na Afghanistan kan siyasa, tsaro da harkokin waje.  Da yake magana game da batutuwan da suka shafi cin hanci da rashawa da kuma al'amuran Afganistan ya kasance yana fitowa a cikin manyan kafofin watsa labaru na ƙasa da na duniya, irin su Tolo News TV, Khaama Press News Agency, RFE/RL,  BBC, CBS, AFP, ARD, VOA. TRT TV, Aljazeera TV, *The Washington Post* da sauran manyan kafafen yaɗa labarai na ƙasa da na duniya.

Yana da kyakkyawan fata game da Afghanistan. Bayan kammala aikin ISAF na shekaru goma a Afghanistan, ya rubuta a kan Khaama Press  cewa Afghanistan ta 2001 ba ta kamanta da Afghanistan na 2015. Tare da dakaru 352,000 masu karfi na Tsaron Afghanistan, da Amurka da NATO ke marawa baya, ɓangaren kungiyoyin farar hula da ke dada karfi, da kuma yawan matasa, 'yan Afghanistan na fatan cewa ƙasarsu ba za ta taba komawa cikin duhu ba. Domin wannan ya ci gaba da yin tasiri, dole ne Afghanistan da abokan hulɗarta su ci gaba da faɗaɗa waɗannan nasarori cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, tare da samar da wani sabon zamani na canji.

Hamdam na kallon dimokuraɗiyya a matsayin wani sabon al'amari a Afghanistan  kuma ya jaddada a kan kawo sauyi da yaki da cin hanci da rashawa.  Ya rubuta a cikin Unipath  ƙwararriyar mujallar soja ce ta kwamandan Rundunar Tsakiyar Amurka ta buga kwata kwata a matsayin taron ƙasa da ƙasa na jami'an soji a yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya da Tsakiyar Asiya: Gwamnatoci da cibiyoyi suna aiki daban-daban a cikin al'ummomin dimokuraɗiyya. Ya yi ikirarin cewa ba wai yaki da ta'addanci da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ba ne kawai, a'a, shugabanci nagari ne ke da muhimmanci ga Afganistan. Yana ganin raunin shari'a da kasancewar "kullun rashin adalci" da kuma mafaka ga masu cin hanci da rashawa a Afganistan da ƙasashen waje a matsayin babban abin da ke taimakawa wajen take hakkin bil'adama da rashin adalci.

Ya yi imanin cewa fiye da shekaru goma gwamnatin Afghanistan da Amurka ba su iya bayyana alakar da ke tsakaninsu ba. Hamdam ya rubuta a cikin editan ra'ayinsa, *A Decade of Relations Without Definition*,  cewa Afghan-U. Dangantakar S. bai kamata ta kasance a kan mutuwa da kashe juna kawai ba, a'a, ta kasance a kan muradun zamantakewa, tattalin arziki da siyasa. Dama da dama  sun riga sun wanzu don gina wannan dogon lokaci da kwanciyar hankali. A halin yanzu dai wasu 'yan ƙasar na kallon kasancewar Amurka a ƙasar ta Afganistan a matsayin 'yan sandan duniya da kuma rundunar yaki da Al-Qaeda da Taliban.  Hamdam yana ba da shawarar samar da zaman lafiya a Afghanistan  kuma ya yi imanin cewa soja kawai yana nufin yakin Afghanistan ba zai iya kawo karshen ba. Sai dai kungiyar Taliban ta sha neman a janye sojojin Amurka gaba ɗaya, amma Hamdam na son kasancewar Amurka da NATO cikin dogon lokaci a Afghanistan.

## Manazarta