2019 Hawan kudu maso gabashin Asiya

Rikicin gurɓata iska na ƙasa da ƙasa ya shafi kasashe da yawa a Kudu maso gabashin Asiya daga Fabrairu zuwa Satumba 2019, gami da Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, da Vietnam.

Tailandia ta fara fuskantar hazo a cikin watan Fabrairu wanda ya dade har zuwa watan Mayu, wanda ya karu a watan Maris da Afrilu. Indonesiya ta fara fuskantar hazo tsakanin watan Yuni da Yuli. Malaysia ta kamu da cutar daga watan Agusta, yayin da Singapore, Brunei, da Vietnam suka fuskanci hazo a watan Satumba.

Wannan shi ne sabon abin da ya faru na hazo na kudu maso gabashin Asiya, batu na dogon lokaci wanda ke faruwa a cikin tsanani a kowane lokacin rani a yankin. Yawan gobarar dazuzzukan ya samo asali ne sakamakon saran dazuka da aka yi ba bisa ka'ida ba a madadin masana'antar man dabino a Indonesia, musamman a tsibirin Sumatra da Borneo, wanda ya bazu cikin sauri a lokacin rani.

## Tarihi da abubuwan da suka haifar

### Kasashen Kudancin ASEAN
Yawancin wuraren zafi na ƙasashen arewa maso gabashin Asiya (Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, da Philippines) sun faru daga Janairu zuwa Mayu 2019, musamman a Maris da Afrilu 2019. 

An samu gobara a filayen dazuzzuka a arewacin Thailand tare da filayen noma a Pa Phru Kuan Kreng na lardin Nakhon Si Thammarat a kudancin Thailand.

### Kasashen Arewacin ASEAN
Gobarar daji a Indonesiya na haifar da hatsaniya ta kan iyaka a Indonesia, Malaysia, da Singapore kusan kowace shekara. Wadannan gobarar tana share filayen noman dabino, kuma an san cewa ’yan kwangila ne masu karamin karfi wadanda ke samar da manyan kamfanoni da ke da’awar hana wannan al’adar amma sun yarda cewa sarkar na tsare “gidan yanar gizo ce mai rikitarwa”  Wannan gidan yanar gizon ya kara dagulewa saboda yadda ba da kuɗaɗen masana'antar dabino ke fitowa daga bankuna da yawa. Yawancin wadannan bankunan sun fito ne daga Asiya, ciki har da Singapore, Malaysia da Indonesia, wadanda suka ba da gudummawar biliyoyin daloli don sare dazuzzuka don masana'antar dabino da alkama da takarda.

A cikin 2019, gobara tana ƙonewa a larduna da yawa na Sumatra da Kalimantan a cikin Indonesia. Wadannan yankuna suna da manyan yankuna na Peat, wanda ke da ƙonewa sosai a Lokacin fari. Yankunan da ke cikin waɗannan yankuna suna da matukar damuwa ga konewa saboda asalin su ne kuma ba sa ƙonewa. Koyaya, ana zubar da waɗannan tuddai kuma ana bushe su don amfani da aikin gona, yana mai da su da saukin ƙonewa. Peat, wanda ya kunshi yadudduka na shuke-shuke da sauran kwayoyin halitta, yana ba da gudummawa sosai ga hayakin carbon lokacin da aka ƙone shi, saboda yawansa da abun ciki na carbon.

A cewar Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi ta Kasa ta Asean, yawancin hotspots na Indonesia da Malaysia sun faru ne a watan Agusta da Satumba 2019.  Ya zuwa watan Satumbar 2019, Indonesia tana da jimlar hotspots sama da 20,000 a cikin 2019, yayin da Malaysia ke da hotspots fiye da 2,000. A ranar 12 ga Satumba 2019 kadai, akwai wurare masu zafi 1,188 a lardunan Kalimantan da wurare masu zafi 431 a larduna na Sumatra.

A watan Yunin 2019, gobarar dajin da ta tashi a jihar Sarawak ta kasar Malaysia da ke tsibirin Borneo ta yi sanadiyar hatsaniya a birnin Miri na Malaysia.

## Kasashen da abin ya shafa

### Brunei
A ranar 7 ga Satumba, 2019, Brunei ta fuskanci hazo, wanda gwamnatinta ta danganta ga wurare masu zafi a kan iyakar Indonesia a lardunan Kalimantan na Borneo. 

### Indonesia

Biyo bayan mummunan hazo na shekarar 2015 na kudu maso gabashin Asiya wanda ya samo asali daga Indonesia, gobarar dazuzzukan kasar ta dawo a watan Yuli tare da kadada 42,740 (kadada 105,600) ta kone a fadin kasar wanda ya haifar da hazo mai wuce gona da iri zuwa Malaysia da Singapore. Gwamnati ta aika da sojoji, 'yan sanda da ma'aikatan hukumar bala'i 9000 don yaƙi da gobarar.

A cikin 2019, an fara dubban gobara a Indonesia, mafi yawansu sun shirya don share ƙasa don shuke-shuke da ke yin Man dabino. Wutar ta haifar da hayaki wanda ya katse tafiye-tafiyen iska kuma ya sa mutane suka yi rashin lafiya. Ministan muhalli na Indonesia ya ce hayaki ya fito ne daga gobarar da aka kunna daga wurare masu zafi a Malaysia da Vietnam. Hukumar Kula da Bala'o'i ta Indonesia ta ce an gano gobara sama da 3,600 a tsibirin Sumatra da Borneo ta hanyar tauraron dan adam. Malaysia ta aika da bayanin diflomasiyya da ke kira ga Indonesia da ta dauki mataki nan take don magance gobarar. Malaysia ta rufe fiye da makarantu 400 kuma ta aika da abin rufe fuska na rabin miliyan zuwa yankin don yaki da rashin ingancin iska. Yanayin ruwan sama ya zo daga 24 ga Satumba 2019 a larduna shida, wato Riau, Jambi, Kudancin Sumatra, Yammacin Kalimantan, Tsakiyar Kalimantan da Kudancin Kalimantin, wanda ya kawo sauƙin da ake buƙata daga hawan hawan da ya gabata 'yan makonni.

Ya zuwa watan Satumba, akwai mutane 885,026 da suka kamu da cutar ta numfashi mai tsanani saboda hazo; 291,807 sun fito daga Kudancin Sumatra, 268,591 daga Riau, da 163,662 daga Yammacin Kalimantan.

### Malaysia

A farkon watan Fabrairu, daji da ciyayi a Pahang sun kama wuta. A farkon watan Agusta, Klang ya lullube cikin tsananin hazo sakamakon gobarar da ta tashi a Riau, wanda gobara ta tsananta a wani gandun daji da ke kusa. Manyan garuruwa da garuruwan jihar Sarawak, kamar Kuching, sun kuma fuskanci hatsaniya daga wurare masu zafi a Kalimantan. Malesiya kuma ta kunna Shirin Ayyukanta na Kasa don Buɗe Konewa da Shirin Ayyukan Haze na Ƙasa a ranar 14 ga Agusta, yayin da ingancin iska a Kuala Baram da Miri ya kai matakan haɗari. A Rompin, Pahang, Ƙimar Gurbacewar iska (API) da aka rubuta a ranar 18 ga Agusta ta kasance 223, wanda aka rarraba a matsayin "marasa lafiya sosai". Har ila yau wasu jahohi da dama na Malaysia da wasu yankuna na tarayya kamar Kuala Lumpur, Negeri Sembilan, Penang, Putrajaya da Selangor sun fuskanci hatsaniya daga Sumatra a Indonesia yayin da jihar Sarawak ke fama da gobara a jihar tun watan Yuli da kuma makwabciyarta Kalimantan, Indonesia tun watan Agusta. Kadada 2.4 na daji kuma ta kone a Johor a watan Agusta. Spotify Malaysia ya ƙirƙiri jerin waƙoƙi mai suna Hazed and Confused wanda ya haɗa da waƙoƙi game da wuta da konewa.

### Philippines
A ranar 17 ga Satumba, 2019, bisa ga rahoton farko na ofisoshin yanki na Ofishin Kula da Muhalli (EMB), hukumar da hukumomin Janar Santos sun tabbatar da cewa an sami tsawaita sararin samaniya a Mindanao da Visayas, musamman Cebu City. An kuma fuskanci yanayi mai ban tsoro a Koronadal, Tupi, da Davao City.

### Singapore
A ranar 26 ga watan Agustan 2019, akwai ɗan hazo a Singapore, tare da yanayin da ke ingantawa a hankali a rana. Wannan mai yiwuwa ne saboda gobara a Sumatra, Indonesia, ko Johor, Malaysia.