Yankewar jima'i na mata a Ƙasar Ingila

Yankewar mata a cikin Ƙasar Ingila shine cirewar al'ada na wasu ko duk jikin mata na waje na mata da 'yan mata da ke zaune a Burtaniya. A cewar Equality Now da City University London, kimanin mata da 'yan mata 103,000 masu shekaru 15-49 an yi la'akari da cewa suna rayuwa tare da yankan mata (FGM) a Ingila da Wales tun daga shekara ta 2011.  

An haramta FGM a Burtaniya ta hanyar haramtacciyar Dokar kaciya ta Mata ta 1985, wanda ya sanya shi laifi a yi FGM a kan yara ko manya. Dokar Yanke Jinin Mata ta 2003 da Dokar Hana Yanke Jini ta Mata (Scotland) ta 2005 sun sanya shi laifi a shirya FGM a waje da kasar ga 'yan Burtaniya ko mazauna dindindin, ko doka ce ko a'a a kasar da aka kai yarinyar.   Hukuncin ya kai shekaru 14 a kurkuku.

Shari'ar farko don FGM ta faru ne a shekarar 2015 a kan wani likita da ake zargi da yin FGM da kuma wani mutum da ake zarge da taimakawa da kuma tallafawa; dukansu biyu ba a same su da laifi. An sami nasarar farko a watan Fabrairun 2019.

## Tarihi

Al'ummomin da ke zaune a ƙasashen waje a Burtaniya da ake zaton suna cikin haɗarin cin zarafin jima'i sun haɗa da waɗanda suka fito daga Eritrea, Habasha, Najeriya, Somalia da Sudan. Mafi girma shine Somalia diaspora, tare da kusan mata da 'yan mata 42,000 a Burtaniya da aka yi imanin cewa sun kamu da cutar tun daga shekara ta 2011.  FGM yana da yawa a cikin waɗannan ƙasashe da yawa, gami da mafi tsanani, FGM Type III. 'Yan mata daga al'ummomin da FGM ya zama ruwan dare sau da yawa ana kai su ƙasashensu na asali a lokacin hutun bazara na makaranta don su shiga cikin tsari. Wannan lokacin shekara an san shi da "lokacin yankewa".

A cikin 1983 Efua Dorkenoo, marubucin Cutting the Rose (1994), ya kafa Gidauniyar Kula da Lafiya ta Mata, Bincike da Ci gaba (FORWARD), wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta Burtaniya da ke tallafawa mata da suka fuskanci FGM kuma suna ƙoƙarin kawar da aikin. Dorkenoo ta sami OBE a 1994 saboda aikinta. Shekaru biyu bayan ta kafa FORWARD, Dokar haramtacciyar kaciya ta mata ta 1985 ta sanya shi laifi a Burtaniya don yin FGM a kan yara ko manya.

A cikin 1993 wani wakilin a London Borough of Brent ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a halatta FGM kuma a samar da shi a kan Hukumar Lafiya ta Kasa. A cewar Ann John, wani wakilin da ya yi adawa da wannan yunkuri, yunkurin ya bukaci a sanya shi a matsayin "dama musamman ga iyalan Afirka da ke son ci gaba da al'adunsu yayin da suke zaune a wannan ƙasar". John ta ce ta sha wahala daga hare-haren baki, gami da barazanar cewa za a gurgunta ta kanta; an yi hira da ita a shekarar 2014, ta ce ta yi imanin cewa yadda take bi da ita ya hana mutane shekaru da yawa daga adawa da cin zarafin jima'i idan aka zarge su da wariyar launin fata. An kayar da motsi.

A cikin shekara ta 1997 kwararren mai juna biyu Comfort Momoh ta kafa asibitin mata na Afirka a Landan don taimakawa mata da FGM ta shafa. An ba Momoh lambar yabo ta MBE a shekara ta 2008 don hidimomi ga kiwon lafiya na mata.

### Yankunan hukuma da ke da mafi girman yaduwar kaciya Afrilu 2015-Maris 2016
Bisa ga binciken Jami'ar City: 

## Shekaru na 2000 zuwa 2010
Adadin mata masu shekaru 15-49 da ke zaune a Ingila da Wales da aka haifa a yankunan da ke yin FGM da suka yi ƙaura zuwa Burtaniya ya kai 182000 a shekara ta 2001 kuma ya karu zuwa 283000 a shekara ta 2011.[1] Yawan mata da aka haifa a Horn of Africa, inda FGM kusan kusan duniya ne kuma mafi tsananin nau'ikan FGM, infubulation, ana yin sa, ya karu daga 22000 a 2001 zuwa 56000 a 2011, karuwar 34000.[1] Adadin mata na kowane zamani da suka yi al'adar cin zarafin jima'i an kiyasta ya kai 137000 a shekara ta 2011.[1] An kiyasta yawan mata masu shekaru 15-49 da suka yi al'adun FGM zuwa 66000 a shekara ta 2001 kuma an sami karuwa zuwa 103000 a shekara. [1]￼

### Bayani na gaba ɗaya

## Manazarta