Kungiyar Ƴancin Kasa ta Kongo

**Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Kwango ta Kongo** ( French   ; **FLNC** ) ƙungiya ce ta hagu ta Kongo mai ɗauke da makamai kuma jam'iyyar siyasa wacce 'yan tawayen asalin Katanga suka kafa kuma ta ƙunshi tsoffin membobin Katangese Gendarmerie . Ya kasance yana aiki musamman a Angola da Zaire a cikin 1970s.

An kafa FLNC ne a Angola karkashin jagorancin Nathaniel Mbumba, da nufin hambarar da Mobutu Sese Seko, shugaban Zaire. FLNC sanannen sananne ne saboda yunƙurin mamaye lardin Katanga (wanda aka sake masa suna Shaba) a Zaire a cikin 1977 da 1978. Wadannan kutse, wadanda suka yi barazana ga gwamnatin Mobutu, sun haifar da yakin duniya guda biyu, Shaba I da Shaba II, wanda ya kara dagula yakin basasar Angola . FLNC ta zama memba na rayuwar siyasar Zaire bayan shekara ta 1991, sannan kuma ta zama memba na Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo .

## Foundation

FLNC ta samo asali ne a matsayin Katangese Gendarmerie, sojojin gwamnatin Katanga mai ballewa a lokacin rikicin Kongo . Bayan shan kashi na Katanga Secession, da yawa daga cikin sojojin Katanga bakar fata aka tilasta yin hijira a Portuguese Angola a tsakiyar 1960s. Nathaniel Mbumba ya jagoranta,  sun yi yaƙi don mulkin mallaka na Portugal a lokacin Yaƙin yancin kai na Angolan kuma daga ƙarshe ya kafa FLNC a 1967. Bayan shan kashi na Portuguese a 1974, sun shiga MPLA mai nasara. 

Jam'iyyar FLNC ba ta da wani shirin siyasa face kawo karshen mamayar Mobutu a kan Zaire.  An ce masu ba Cuban shawara ne suka horar da sojojin FLNC;  Hukumomin Yammacin Turai sun yi imanin cewa "Sovietiyawa ne suka yi amfani da su" kuma jami'ai daga Cuba da Jamus ta Gabas suka taimaka wa sojojin 'yan tawaye.  Sai dai kuma binciken baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa ‘yan tawayen Katangan “suna da ‘yan alaka da sojojin Cuba ko kuma masu ba da shawara da ke kasar Angola”, kuma takardun tarihi sun nuna cewa da gangan mahukuntan kasar Zairiya suka yi karin gishiri kan barazanar tasirin Tarayyar Soviet don tabbatar da taimakon Faransa.   

## Shaba I
 
FLNC mai yawan mutane kusan 1500, ta mamaye Shaba (sabon sunan Katanga) daga gabashin Angola a ranar 7 ga Maris 1977. Ana neman hambarar da Mobutu, FLNC ta kama Kolwezi, Kasaji, da Mutsatsha cikin sauri. Mobutu ya yi kira ga William Eteki na Kamaru, shugaban kungiyar hadin kan Afirka, don neman taimako a ranar 2 ga Afrilu. A ranar 10 ga Afrilu ne gwamnatin Faransa ta kai sojojin Morocco 1,500 cikin jirgin sama zuwa birnin Kinshasa . Sojojin Faransa sun yi aiki tare da Sojojin Zairian don fatattakar FLNC tare da murfin iska daga matukan jirgin Masar da ke yawo da jiragen yakin FAZ Dassault Mirage 5 na Faransa.  Dakarun Masar da Morocco sun tura na karshe na mayakan tare da wasu 'yan gudun hijira zuwa Angola da Zambia a watan Afrilu.    

## Shaba II
 
A lokacin shiga tsakani na Shaba II, 'yan tawaye 4000 sun mamaye birnin Kolwezi . Rahotanni sun ce Nathaniel Mbumba ya rasa ikon dakarunsa, inda suka fara aiwatar da kisan gilla ga fararen hula na Turai da na Zaire.   Yawancin masu zaman kansu ba da jimawa ba sun ja da baya. An sake korar ba bisa ka'ida ba zuwa cikin Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Angola bayan shiga tsakani na Sojojin Faransa a lokacin yakin Kolwezi . 

## Aiyuka daga baya
An kori Mbumba daga jam’iyyar a shekarar 1987. [1] A cikin 1990, Mobutu ya fara wani tsari na maido da jam'iyyu da yawa. An halatta FLNC a cikin 1991 kuma membobinta sun dawo Zaire. A lokacin yakin Kongo na farko, FLNC ta yi yaki a gefen sojojin Zairian saboda adawa da kasancewar sojojin Ruwanda a Zaire, amma daga baya ya zama mai goyon baya ga 'yan tawayen AFDL karkashin jagorancin Laurent-Désiré Kabila . Jam'iyyar FLNC ta shiga jam'iyyar adawa a karkashin shugabancin Joseph Kabila . 

## Bayanan kula

## Magana

* Erik Kennes da Miles Larmer, *Gendarmes na Katangase da Yaƙi a Afirka ta Tsakiya: Yaƙi Hanyar Gida,* Bloomington, IN: Jami'ar Indiana Press, 2016. Pp. 318. $35 (pbk).
* Gidan yanar gizon hukuma