Betty Boothroyd

**Betty Boothroyd, Baroness Boothroyd** (8 ga Oktoba 1929 - 26 ga Fabrairu 2023), 'yar siyasa ce ta Birtaniya wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar Majalisar Dokoki (MP) ta West Bromwich da West Bromwich West daga 1973 zuwa 2000. 'Yar jam'iyyar Labour ce, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin Kakakin Majalisar Wakilai daga 1992 zuwa 2000. A da ta kasance Mataimakiyar Shugaba daga 1987 zuwa 1992.  Ita ce ta farko kuma  , mace ɗaya tilo da ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugaba.  Daga baya Boothroyd ta zauna a Majalisar Iyaye a matsayin, bisa ga al'ada, abokiyar zama . 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Boothroyd a Dewsbury, Yorkshire, a shekarar 1929, a matsayin ɗa tilo ga Ben Archibald Boothroyd (1886–1948) da matarsa ta biyu Mary ( née Butterfield, 1901–1982), waɗanda dukkansu ma'aikatan masaku ne. Ta yi karatu a makarantun kansiloli kuma ta ci gaba da karatu a Kwalejin Kasuwanci da Fasaha ta Dewsbury (yanzu Kwalejin Kirklees ). Daga 1946 zuwa 1952, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai rawa, a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar 'yan wasan Tiller Girls, [1] ta bayyana a London Palladium na ɗan lokaci. Ciwon ƙafa ya kawo ƙarshen aikinta na rawa kuma ta shiga siyasa, wani abu da ba a saba gani ba a lokacin, domin duniyar siyasa ta kasance ƙarƙashin rinjayen maza kuma galibi masu kuɗi ne.

A tsakiyar shekarun 1950 zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1950, Boothroyd ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatare ga 'yan majalisar Labour Barbara Castle  da Geoffrey de Freitas .  A shekarar 1960, ta yi tafiya zuwa Amurka don ganin kamfen ɗin Kennedy . Daga baya ta yi aiki a Washington, DC a matsayin mataimakiyar majalisa ga ɗan majalisar dokokin Amurka Silvio Conte, tsakanin 1960 da 1962. Lokacin da ta koma Landan, ta ci gaba da aikinta na sakatare da mataimakiyar siyasa ga manyan 'yan siyasa na Labour daban-daban, ciki har da Mataimakin Sakataren Harkokin Waje Harry Walston .  A shekarar 1965, an zaɓe ta a kujera a Majalisar Hammersmith Borough Council, a gundumar Gibbs Green, inda ta ci gaba har zuwa 1968.  

## Ɗan Majalisa
Boothroyd, wanda ya tsaya takarar jam'iyyar Labour, ya tsaya takara a kujeru da dama.&nbsp;– Leicester South East a shekarar 1957, Peterborough a shekarar 1959, Nelson da Colne a shekarar 1968, da Rossendale a shekarar 1970 – kafin a zaɓe ta a matsayin 'yar majalisar dokoki (MP) ga West Bromwich a zaɓen maye gurbi a shekarar 1973.  Ta wakilci mazabar tsawon shekaru 27.

A shekarar 1974, an naɗa Boothroyd mataimakiyar mai tsawatarwa ta gwamnati. A shekarar 1975, ta zama memba da gwamnati ta naɗa a Majalisar Tarayyar Turai ta wancan lokacin (ECSC) har sai da aka sallame ta a shekarar 1977.     A shekarar 1979, ta zama memba na kwamitin zaɓe kan harkokin waje, har zuwa 1981, da kuma kwamitin shugabanni, har zuwa 1 ga Janairu 2000.  Ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Zartarwa na Ƙasa na Jam'iyyar Labour (NEC) daga 1981 zuwa 1987,  da kuma Kwamitin Majalisar Wakilai daga 1983 zuwa 1987. 

### Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisa da Shugaban Majalisa

Bayan zaɓen gama gari na 1987, Boothroyd ta zama Mataimakiyar Kakakin Majalisa ga Kakakin Majalisa Bernard Weatherill . Ita ce mataimakiyar Shugabar Majalisa ta biyu a tarihin Birtaniya bayan Betty Harvie Anderson . A shekarar 1992 aka zaɓe ta a matsayin Shugaba, ta zama mace ta farko da ta riƙe wannan muƙami. An yi muhawara game da ko Boothroyd ya kamata ta sanya hular Shugaban Majalisa ta gargajiya. Ta zaɓi kada ta yi amma ta ce duk wani Kakakin Majalisa da zai biyo baya zai sami 'yancin zaɓar ta sanya hular ko a'a; babu wanda ya taɓa yin hakan tun daga lokacin.  A martanin muhawarar kan yadda ya kamata a kira ta da Shugaba, Boothroyd ta ce: "Kira ni Madam". 

A shekarar 1993, Gwamnati ta sami kuri'a a kan Sashen Zamantakewa na Yarjejeniyar Maastricht saboda kuri'ar da ta kada (wanda aka yi bisa ga dokar Kakakin Majalisa Denison ). Daga baya aka gano cewa ba a buƙatar kuri'ar da ta kada ba, domin an yi kuskuren rage ƙuri'un, kuma Gwamnati ta yi nasara da ƙuri'a ɗaya.   Tana da sha'awar sa matasa su sha'awar siyasa, kuma a shekarun 1990 ta bayyana a matsayin baƙo na musamman a shirin BBC na yara na Asabar da safe *Live &amp;amp; Kicking* .  Kalmomin da ta sanya wa hannu a lokacin rufe Tambayoyin Firayim Minista kowane mako shine "Lokaci ya yi!" 

A ranar 12 ga Yuli 2000, bayan tambayoyin Firayim Minista, Boothroyd ta sanar da Majalisar Wakilai cewa za ta yi murabus daga matsayinta na Kakakin Majalisa bayan hutun bazara. Tony Blair, Firayim Minista a lokacin, ya girmama ta a matsayin "wani abu na cibiya ta ƙasa". Magabacin Blair, John Major, ya bayyana ta a matsayin "Mai magana da yawun Majalisa".  Ta sauka daga matsayinta na Kakakin Majalisa ta kuma yi murabus daga matsayinta na 'Yan Majalisa a ranar 23 ga Oktoba 2000. 

### Matsakaicin rayuwar da ayyukan da suka gabata
An ba Boothroyd digirin girmamawa na Doctor of Civil Law (Hon DCL) daga Jami'ar City London a shekarar 1993. Ta kasance shugabar jami'ar Open University daga 1994 zuwa Oktoba 2006 kuma ta ba da wasu takardunta na sirri ga tarihin Jami'ar. A watan Maris na 1995, an ba ta digirin girmamawa daga Jami'ar Open University a matsayin Doctor of the University (DUniv). A shekarar 1999 an ba ta digirin girmamawa na Kwalejin St Hugh, Oxford .  Zane biyu na Boothroyd sun kasance wani ɓangare na tarin zane-zane na majalisar dokoki tun daga 1994 da 1999, bi da bi.  

A ranar 15 ga Janairun 2001, an zaɓe ta a matsayin abokiyar rayuwa, inda ta ɗauki taken **Baroness Boothroyd**, na Sandwell a Gundumar West Midlands.  An buga tarihin rayuwarta a wannan shekarar. A watan Afrilun 2005, an naɗa ta a matsayin Memba na Order of Merit (OM), girmamawa a cikin kyautar da Sarauniya ta ba ta. 

An nada Boothroyd a matsayin memba na girmamawa na Ƙungiyar Haske da Haske (Hon. FSLL) a shekarar 2009,   kuma ta kasance memba na girmamawa na Kwalejin St Hugh, Oxford, da Kwalejin St Edmund, Cambridge .  Ta kasance mai kula da Makarantar Jama'a ta Jo Richardson da ke Dagenham, Gabashin London, kuma Shugabar NBFA Taimaka wa Tsofaffi. Ta kasance, na ɗan lokaci, mataimakiyar Shugabar Masana'antu da Majalisar Dokoki .

A watan Janairun 2011, Boothroyd ta gabatar da cewa shirin Mataimakin Firayim Minista Nick Clegg na a zabi wasu 'yan majalisar dattawa kai tsaye zai iya sanya Birtaniya cikin rudanin kundin tsarin mulki: "Yana da illa sosai. Rushewa ce da ba a yi tunani a kanta yadda ya kamata ba." Ta damu cewa zababbun Lords za su yi gogayya da Commons, suna fuskantar barazanar fada tsakanin su biyun. 

## Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa
Boothroyd ba ta yi aure ba kuma ba ta haifi 'ya'ya ba.   Ta fara yin paragliding yayin da take hutu a Cyprus a cikin shekarunta na 60. Ta bayyana sha'awar a matsayin "mai kyau da kwanciyar hankali" kuma "mai ban sha'awa".  A watan Afrilun 1995, yayin da take hutu a Morocco, Boothroyd ta makale a cikin tsaunukan Atlas a cikin guguwa mafi girma a cikin shekaru 20. Motarta ta tsaya cak sakamakon zaftarewar ƙasa ; ita da wasu masu tafiya a ƙasa sun yi tafiya ta cikin laka da tarkace na tsawon awanni tara kafin a ceto su.   Ita ce mai zama a cikin hotuna goma sha ɗaya a National Portrait Gallery. 

Boothroyd ta mutu a Asibitin Addenbrooke da ke Cambridge a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu 2023, tana da shekaru 93.  Lindsay Hoyle, Shugabar Majalisar Wakilai, ce ta sanar da mutuwarta washegari.   An yi jana'izarta a ranar 29 ga Maris a Cocin St George, Thriplow, Cambridgeshire; ta zauna a ƙauyen a shekarunta na ƙarshe.  Hoyle; Firayim Minista, Rishi Sunak ; da Shugabar 'Yan adawa, Keir Starmer suna cikin waɗanda suka halarci taron,   da ƙawarta ta kud da kud, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Dame Patricia Routledge, sun rera waƙa.