2025 Yakin Walikale

**Harin Walikale na 2025** wani aikin soja ne da aka gudanar da Maris 23 Movement (M23), ƙungiyar 'yan tawaye da ke goyon bayan Rwanda a gabashin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, wanda ke tsakiyar yankin Walikale na Arewacin Kivu . 'Yan tawayen M23 sun ci gaba zuwa yamma daga hare-haren Goma da Bukavu na baya. A ranar 19 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2025, sojojin 'yan tawaye sun kama Walikale suna nuna ci gaban yammacin su mafi nisa a yakin neman zabe na shekara ta 2022. Wannan gari mai arziki, wanda ke da nisan kilomita 130 a arewa maso yammacin babban birnin lardin Goma, yana da mahimmancin dabarun da tattalin arziki saboda kusanci da ayyukan hakar ma'adinai masu mahimmanci.

## Tarihi
Walikale wani gari ne da ke yammacin lardin Kivu na Arewa a gabashin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo . An san shi da wuri mai mahimmanci da albarkatun kasa, Walikale ya kasance mai mahimmanci a tarihin yankin na rikice-rikicen makamai. Yankin ya ga jerin rikice-rikicen soja, wanda ya shafi 'yan bindiga daban-daban, kamar su National Congress for the Defence of the People (CNDP), M23, Raïa Mutomboki, Mai-Mai Nyatura, Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), da Alliance of Patriots for a Free and Sovereign Congo (APLCS   

Walikale yana da wadataccen albarkatun ma'adinai, gami da tin, zinariya, wolframite, coltan, da abubuwa masu ban sha'awa irin su monazite. Yankin kuma gida ne ga duwatsu masu launi, gami da amethyst, turmaline, da corundum. Dukiyar ma'adanai ta yankin da filayen da ke da kyau sun sanya shi yanki mai gwagwarmaya sosai, kuma muhimmancin dabarunsa ya karu da rikici mai gudana. Tsakanin 2021 da 2024, M23 ta fadada tasirin ta a fadin Arewacin Kivu, tana sarrafa biyar daga cikin yankuna shida na lardin: Rutshuru, Nyiragongo, Beni, Masisi, da Walikale. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2024, halin da ake ciki a Walikale bai tabbata ba, musamman a ƙauyen Pinga, wanda ya zama fagen yaƙi tsakanin 'yan tawaye na M23 da Sojojin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo (FARDC), da sojojin kare kansu na Kongo da kuma' yan bindiga marasa daidaituwa da aka sani da Wazalendo. Ayyukan M23 a Walikale sun haifar da niyyar sarrafa albarkatun ma'adinai na yankin.

Wani rahoto na kwararru na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya bayyana cewa tsakanin sojoji 3,000 da 4,000 na Rwanda sun kasance a yankin Kongo don tallafawa M23, wanda kansa yana da kusan mayakan 3,000. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2024, M23 ta kewaye Sake, wani muhimmin cibiyar sufuri mai nisan kilomita 23 (14 miles) daga Goma. Har ila yau, 'yan tawaye sun kwace Rubaya, wani gari na tsakiya don hakar ma'adinai, ma'adinin da ke da muhimmanci ga kayan lantarki da fasahar sauya makamashi. Bayan kama wasu sassan yankunan Rutshuru da Masisi, M23 ya ci gaba zuwa Walikale. Duk da yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta da Angola ta yi a watan Yulin 2024,   'yan tawaye sun ci gaba da tashin hankali a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, sun mamaye Kalembe a yankin Walikale na ɗan lokaci kafin Wazalendo da Nduma Defense of Congo-Renovated suka kori su. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kiyasta cewa M23 ta samar da kusan $ 300,000 (€ 280,000) a kowane wata ta hanyar haraji kan samar da coltan a Masisi da Rutshuru.

A farkon 2025, M23 ta ci gaba da yakin basasa, ta kama manyan birane, gami da Goma a ranar 28 ga Janairu da Bukavu, babban birnin Kivu ta Kudu, a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu. A ranar 11 ga watan Maris, Angola ta sanar da tattaunawa kai tsaye tsakanin M23 da Gwamnatin Kongo da aka shirya don 18 ga watan Maris a Luanda. Wannan sanarwar ta biyo bayan ziyarar da Shugaban Kongo Félix Tshisekedi ya kai Luanda. Duk da yake Kinshasa ta amince da shawarar, ta jaddada bukatar yin jituwa da Resolution 2773 na Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, wanda ke kira ga janyewar 'yan tawaye da sojojin Rwanda daga yankunan da aka mamaye. A ranar 15 ga watan Maris, shugaban kasar Angola João Lourenço ya yi kira ga tsagaita wuta daga tsakar dare a ranar 16 ga watan Maris. Manufar ita ce ƙirƙirar yanayin tattaunawar zaman lafiya a Luanda tsakanin gwamnatin Kongo da M23.  Koyaya, sojojin M23 da AFC (Congo River Alliance) sun yi watsi da tsagaita wuta kuma sun mamaye ƙauyen Ntea a cikin ƙungiyar Ihana, wanda ke cikin Yankin Walikale. A ranar 16 ga watan Maris, sojojin M23 da AFC sun kama Kibua, wanda ke da nisan kilomita 80 daga Walikale, don nuna rashin amincewar yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta.

Al'ummomin kasa da kasa sun mayar da martani ga rikice-rikicen da ke ƙaruwa, tare da Tarayyar Turai ta sanya takunkumi a kan jami'an Rwanda da shugabannin M23 a ranar 17 ga Maris. Daga cikin wadanda aka ba da izini sun kasance jami'an RDF (Sojojin Tsaro na Rwanda), ciki har da Ruki Karusisi, kwamandan runduna na musamman a gabashin DRC; Eugène Nkubito, kwamandan 3rd Division a Arewacin Kivu; da Pascal Muhizi, kwamandan 2nd Division a gabashin RRC tun daga 2023 .  'Yan tawayen M23 da aka yi niyya da takunkumi sun hada da shugaban Bertrand Bisimwa, shugaban daukar ma'aikata Désiré Rukomera, Colonel John Imani Nzenze, mataimakin shugaban kudi Jean-Bosco Nzabonimpa Mupenzi, da kuma shugaban kudi wanda ya zama gwamnan Arewacin Kivu Jean Bahati Musanga .  Har ila yau, Tarayyar Turai ta lissafa Francis Kamanzi, Shugaba na Hukumar Ma'adinai, Man Fetur da Gas ta Rwanda, saboda sa hannu a cikin amfani da ma'adanai na rikici da rawar da ya taka wajen shigo da zinariya ba bisa ka'ida ba daga yankunan da M23 ke sarrafawa.

## Yakin

### Rikicin FARDC
A ranar 6 ga watan Maris, Sojojin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo da 'yan bindiga da suka hada kai sun kai hari kauyuka da yawa kusa da Masisi, suna ƙoƙari su sake kwace babban birnin da kuma hana ci gaban yammacin sojojin M23.

### Ci gaban yammacin M23
A ranar 9 ga watan Maris, 'yan tawaye na M23 sun kaddamar da wani hari kan sojojin FARDC da kuma sansanonin' yan bindiga da ke kusa da Masisi. Sojojin M23 sun kama Nyabiondo da ƙauyukan da ke kusa da Route Provinciale 529 (RP529).

A ranar 11 ga watan Maris, M23 ta shiga rikici da sojojin FARDC da sojojin Wazalendo a Lwibo, wanda ke da nisan kilomita 8 (5.0  a arewacin Nyabiondo .  Kashegari, M23 ta kama Kashebere a Yankin Masisi kuma ta ci gaba da ci gaba, ta kama Kibati a Yankin Walikale kuma ta kafa sabbin wurare tare da yammacin ci gaba. A mayar da martani ga wannan karuwar, FARDC da Wazalendo sun kafa matsayi na tsaro a Kibua, wanda ke da nisan kilomita 24 a yammacin Kibati, don karfafa layin tsaron su. Har ila yau, 'yan tawayen M23 sun kama Muheto da ƙauyukan da ke kewaye da su a cikin ayyukan yaƙi na gaba da FARDC da Wazalendo.

### Harin FARDC
A ranar 13 ga watan Maris, bisa ga rahotanni daga kafofin watsa labarai da yawa na Kongo, FARDC da Wazalendo sun ci gaba da kusan kilomita 15 zuwa gabas RP529. Wannan hari ya haifar da sake dawo da ƙauyen Kibati bayan gwagwarmaya kai tsaye tare da sojojin M23. Tare da turawa zuwa gabas tare da sojojin FARDC da Wazalendo da ke cikin Pinga, wani sasantawa kusan kilomita 60 (37  arewacin RP529, sun aiwatar da hari a kan M23 a kusa da Nyabiondo. Wannan yunkuri ya buɗe gaba ta biyu a kan sojojin 'yan tawaye, wanda zai iya rushe hanyoyin samar da su kuma ya tilasta musu su raba hankalinsu da albarkatunsu.

Duk da nasarorin farko a dawo da yankin, rahotanni daga *Tazama RDC* sun nuna manyan kalubalen da sojojin Wazalendo suka fuskanta, wadanda aka ware su daga ƙarfafawa da sarkar wadata. A sakamakon haka, akwai damuwa cewa ba za a gudanar da yankin da aka sake mamayewa na dogon lokaci ba. A ranar 14 ga watan Maris, a cikin tashin hankali mai tasowa a Walikale, Alphamin Bisie Mining (ABM), mafi girman mai samar da tin a cikin DRC, wanda ke da nisan kilomita 180 a arewa maso yammacin Goma da kilomita 32 daga hanyar Walikale-Kisangani, ya dakatar da ayyukan saboda rikici mai tasowa. A ranar 15 ga watan Maris, Shugaban Angola João Lourenço ya yi kira ga tsagaita wuta da za a fara da tsakar dare a ranar 16 ga watan Maris.  Ya bukaci bangarorin biyu su kawo karshen hare-hare kan fararen hula da ci gaban yankuna don sauƙaƙe tattaunawar zaman lafiya a Luanda tsakanin gwamnatin Kongo da M23. Koyaya, sojojin M23 da Congo River Alliance (AFC) sun ci gaba da ayyukansu, sun kama ƙauyen Ntea a cikin ƙungiyar Ihana ta Yankin Walikale .  A ranar 16 ga watan Maris, sojojin M23 da AFC sun kama Kibua, wanda ke da nisan kilomita 80 daga Walikale, don nuna rashin amincewa da kiran tsagaita wuta 

A ranar 17 ga watan Maris, FARDC da Wazalendo sun sami nasarar dakatar da ci gaban M23 zuwa Walikale, suna tura sojojin 'yan tawaye zuwa kusan kilomita 19 daga Mutakato zuwa Mpofi, ƙauyen da ke da nisan kilomita 52 daga Walikale tare da RP529. Wannan yunkuri ya sake dawo da yankin da sojojin M23 suka kama a ranar 16 ga watan Maris. Don karfafa matsayinsu na tsaro, FARDC ta tura karin sojoji zuwa Mutakato daga Bunia, babban birnin lardin Ituri, wanda ke da nisan kilomita 650 a arewacin Walikale. Wadannan ƙarfafawa sun isa ranar 17 ga watan Maris.

### M23 ya sabunta ci gaba
Rikicin ya kara tsanantawa a ranar 18 ga watan Maris, tare da rahotanni daga kafofin watsa labarai na Kongo da ke nuna cewa FARDC da Wazalendo sun shiga sojojin M23 a cikin ayyukan yaƙi a fadin garin Mpofi da kauyuka da ke kewaye. A lokacin wadannan rikice-rikicen, an ruwaito M23 ta karfafa matsayinta na kai hari a Mpofi tare da mayakan daga Kibua, ƙauyen da ke da nisan kilomita 32 (20  zuwa gabas.

M23 a lokaci guda ya karfafa iko a kusa da ƙauyukan da ke kewaye da Masisi. Bayan kwana biyu a jere na fada da 'yan bindiga masu goyon bayan gwamnati a ranar 17-18, M23 ta kama ƙauyukan Kahanga da Miandja, wanda ke da nisan kilomita 16 (9.9  a arewacin Masisi. Kafofin yada labarai na Kongo sun bayyana wannan yanki a matsayin wanda a baya ya yi aiki a matsayin "garkuwa" ga "Nyatura, FDLR, da APLCS".  

### Kama Walikale
Mazaunan Walikale sun ba da rahoton cewa sojojin M23 sun shiga gefen garin da yamma a ranar 19 ga Maris 2025, tare da karar bindiga daga kusa da unguwar Nyabangi. A cewar wani majiyar sojoji da ba a san sunanta ba, 'yan tawaye sun kaddamar da hari na mamaki, inda suka mamaye matsayin soja na Kongo a wajen garin kafin su shiga yaƙi da Sojojin Kongo da Wazalendo.

Kama garin na kimanin mazauna 15,000 ya wakilci ci gaba mafi nisa zuwa yamma ta M23 a cikin hare-haren su na 2025 har zuwa yau, tare da dakarun da ke motsawa kusan kilomita 125 (78  arewa maso yammacin Goma. Kama Walikale ya sanya sojojin 'yan tawaye a cikin kilomita 400 (250  daga Kisangani, cibiyar birni ta huɗu mafi girma a kasar.

### Cirewar M23
A ranar 22 ga watan Maris, M23 da AFC sun bayyana janyewarsu daga Walikale da yankunan da ke kusa, kwana uku bayan sun kwace iko. Sun ambaci kokarin "tabbatar da yanayi don shirye-shiryen zaman lafiya da tattaunawa ta siyasa".  

## Manazarta