open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Elias Moadab

**Ilya Mohadab Sasson** wanda aka fi sani da Elias Moadab (ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairu shekarar alif 1916 - 28 ga Mayu 1952) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Masar, an haife shi ga mahaifin Bayahude na Siriya da mahaifiyar Bayahude ta Masar daga birnin Tanta .  Ya kammala karatu daga makarantar Lycee a 1923 kuma ya zauna a tsohuwar yankin Yahudawa na Alkahira.

Elias ya fara aikinsa na fasaha a matsayin mawaƙi (Monologist) a cikin sanannen gidan wasan kwaikwayo na dare inda aka gabatar da shi ga Bishara Wakim da Ismail Yasin, sun buɗe masa ƙofofin yin aiki a cikin fina-finai.

Elias ya sadu da sanannen mai rawa Beba Izz Al-Din, wanda shi ma ya yi aiki tare da ita na wani lokaci.

Ya kuma yi aiki a cikin gidajen rawa da yawa, ciki har da (Al Ariozna) da (Helmia Palace).

## Hotunan fina-finai

* Zahabib a shekara ta 1947 tare da Farid al-Atrash, Samia Gamal da Ismail Yasin.
* Sittat afarizin 1947 tare da Mahmoud el-Meliguy, Mohamed Fawzi da Ismail Yasin.
* An yi amfani da rai da jiki a 1948 tare da Camelia, Mohamed Fawzi, Kamal Al-Shennawi da Sphhadia.
* An An An Anwar Wagdi, Aziz Othman da Ismail Yasin. 
* An yi magana da shi a shekara ta 1949 tare da Shadia da Ibrahim Hamouda. 
* Tian Mandel El Helw tare da Tahiya Karioka, Mahmoud Abdel Aziz da Marie Munib. 
* Shaharin Bahlwana tare da Kamelya, Ismail Yasin da Kamal Al-Shennawi.
* Shia da Mahmoud Choukoukou.
* Tahiya Karioka, Karem Mahmoud, da Mahmoud el-Meliguy.
* Sitt a cikin 1950 tare da Samia Gamal, Leila Fawzi, Kamal Al-Shennawi, Huda Sultan da Aziz Osman .
* Sashen tare da Ismail Yasin, Lola Sedki da Magda.
* Shah tare da Ismail Yasin da Tahiya Karioka.
* Shaan aghani tare da Sabah, Ismail Yasin da Saad Abdel-Wahab.
* Rarraba da rabawa tare da Aziza Amir, Yahya Shaheen da Tahiya Karioka.
* Zaha da Raha 1951 tare da Karem Mahmoud, Ismail Yasin da Tahiya Karioka .
* Sashen Kar da Nahadia, Kamal Al-Shennawi da Ismail Yasin.
* An yi amfani da shi a matsayin Banat Sharbat tare da Ismail Yasin, Ahlam da Siraj Munir. 
* Shiabeet El Natash tare da Shadia, Ismail Yasin da Abdel Fatah Al Kasri.
* Halal Aleek tare da Hoda Shams El Deen, Souraya Helmy da Ismail Yasin. 
* Sir Beer tare da Charanfantah, Widad Hamdi da Mahmoud Choukoukou.
* Sashen tare da Naima Akef, Zaki Rostom da Anwar Wagdi. زي

Dan wasan kwaikwayo Elias Moadab ya shiga cikin fina-finai masu ban dariya da yawa tare da harshen sa na Lebanon wanda ya gabatar da duniyar masu ban dariya kamar Ismail Yasin da sauransu. Ya makale a cikin kawunan mutane cewa shi dan Siriya ne ko Lebanoni ne ko wani abu kamar haka yayin da a zahiri shi cikakken Masarawa ne wanda ke zaune a yankin Yahudawa (Haret al Yahood).Elias, ya mutu a Alkahira, 28 ga Mayu 1952.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin Masarawa

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* إلياس مؤدب أشهر شامي في السينما المصرية 
* Nan da nan
Amina Mohammed (Darektar fim)

**Amina Mohamed** (1908 – 1985) ’yar wasan Masar ce, ‘yar wasan kwaikwayo kuma darektar fina-finai.  

## Rayuwa
Amina Mohamed ta fito daga ƙauye mara kyau ba tare da alaƙa da fage na fasaha na Alkahira ba. Ita da yayarta, Amina Rizq, suka koma Alkahira tare da iyayensu mata; an kulle su biyu a cikin gidan bayan wasan kwaikwayo na farko. Amina ta yi nasarar samun ɗaukaka a matsayin ’yar rawa da ’yar fim. 

Amina Mohamed darekta ce, furodusa, marubuciyar allo, edita kuma tauraruwa a fim ɗin *Tita Wong* shekarar (1937).  An ɗauki fim ɗin ne tare da haɗin gwiwar gungun abokai masu hankali, ciki har da darakta Salah Abou Seif da masu zane Salah Taher da Abdel Salam El Sherif.  Tita Wong, wadda Amina Mohamed ke yi wa, ɗiyar talakawan Sinawa baƙi ne a Alkahira, wadda aka tilasta mata rawa a gidan rawa. An zarge ta da kashe kawunta, lauyanta ya yi kokarin yin hujjar cewa ba ta da laifi, tare da bayyana ra'ayoyin da ke nuna rayuwarta ta farko.

## Fim

### A matsayin darakta

* *Tita Wong*, 1937

### A matsayin actress
* *Dr. Farhat*, 1935
* *The Sailor* / *El bahar* (1935)
* *Shadow of the Past* / *Shabah el madi* (1935)
* *The Night Watchman* / *Ghafir el darak* (1936)
* *The Doorkeeper* / *Bawwab el imarah* (1936)
* *One Hundred Thousand Guineas* / *Meet alf guinea* (1936)
* *Tita Wong* (1937)
* *Eternal Glory* / *El magid el khalid* (1937)
* *The Love of the Mad* / *El hub el morestani* (1937)
**The Ten Commandments* (1956) - Architect's Assistant #2

## Manazarta
Nils Seethaler

**Nils Seethaler** wani masanin al'umma na Jamus ne, mai kula da kuma tattara. An san shi a ƙasashe don bincikensa game da tattalin tarihi a manyan ƙasashe da kuma manyan ƙasashe, musamman waɗanda ba ƙasar Turai ba ne. 

## Rayuwa da Aiki
An haifi Nils Seethaler a Berlin-Lichterfelde kuma ya girma a Berlin, Rocky Point (Ostareliya), Banyuls-sur-Mer (Faransa) da kuma Morschen (Jamus). Shi ne shugaban ɗakunan tarihin ƙungiyar Anthropologie, Volkenkunde da Prehistorie ta birnin Berlin da ke Tsibirin Gidan Tarihi. Yana gudanar da bincike musamman kan tarin kayan tarihi na etnoloji da kuma sassan jikin ɗan adam daga zamanin mulkin mallaka da na Nazi. Wasu daga cikin bincikensa na asali sun jawo hankalin duniya. Seethaler ya taka rawa a cikin nunin tarihi na al’adu da na halitta da dama. Nunin da ya yi game da masanin falsafa Anton Wilhelm Amo a Wittenberg ya sami babban yarda. An gabatar da al'adun ƙasar Amo ta yammacin Afirka a can. 
Ya kasance mai kula da tarin kayan tarihin al’adu a lokacin kafa da sake kafa gidajen tarihin etnoloji na Wittenberg da Rostock. Wasu daga cikin tarin kayan etnolojinsa na sirri an mika su ga gidajen tarihin jama’a.

## Manazarta
Seraj Munir

**Seraj Munir** (1901-1957) ɗan wasan fim ne na Masar. Ya fito a fina-finai 46 tsakanin 1930 da 1957.

## Fina-finan da aka zaɓa

* *[[The Leech|Leech]]* (1956) 
* *[[The Unjust Angel (fim)|Al-Malak al-Zalem]]* (1954) 
* *[[Immortal Song (fim)|Lahn al-Kholood]]* (1952) 
* *[[Amina (1951 fim)|Amina]]* (1951) 
* Kursi al-I ta hanyar (1949) 
* *[[The Adventures of Antar and Abla|Labaran Antar da Abla]]* (1948) 
* *[[Abu Zayd al-Hilali (fim)|Abu Zayd al-Hilali]]* (1947) 
* *[[A Bullet in the Heart|Rossassa Fel Qalb]]* (1944) 
* *Red Orchids* (1938) 
* Napoleon Yana da Laifi ga Dukkanin (1938) 

## Manazarta
 

## Hanyoyin Haɗin waje
*
Ahmad Maher (director)

**Ahmad Maher** (Arabic) darektan fim ne na ƙasar Masar. Farkon fara bada umarnin fim ɗinsa shine a shirin fim na The Traveller (2009) ya yi gasa don lashe Golden Lion a bikin fina-finai na ƙasa da ƙasa na Venice karo na 66. Kuma an nuna shi a cikin sashin Gabatarwa na Musamman a Bikin Fim na Duniya na Toronto na 2009. Maher ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha a fim din Martin Scorsese na 1990 Goodfellas.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin Hadi na waje
*
Harsunan Huon

Harsunan Huon dangin harshe ne, waɗanda ake magana da su a yankin Huon Peninsula na Papua New Guinea, waɗanda aka keɓance su a cikin ainihin tsarin Trans–New Guinea (TNG), kuma William A. Foley yana ɗaukar asalin TNG ɗin su. Suna raba tare da harsunan Finisterre ƙaramin rufaffiyar aji na fi'ili suna ɗaukar prefixes na abu na magana wasu daga cikinsu suna da alaƙa a cikin iyalai biyu (Suter 2012), ƙaƙƙarfan shaidar ilimin halittar jiki cewa suna da alaƙa.Tsarin ciki

Huon da Finisterre, sannan kuma alakar da ke tsakaninsu, Kenneth McElhanon ne ya gano shi (1967, 1970). Iyalan harshe ne a bayyane. Huon ya ƙunshi bayyanannun rassa guda biyu, Gabas da Yamma. Harsunan Yamma suna ba da izinin ƙarin baƙaƙe a cikin syllable-na ƙarshe (p, t, k, m, n, ŋ), yayin da harsunan Gabas sun kawar da waɗannan bambance-bambancen zuwa biyu, tasha mai glottal (an rubuta c) da kuma hanci na velar (McElhanon 1974). : 17). Bayan haka, rarrabuwa yana dogara ne akan lexicostatistics, wanda ke ba da sakamako mai ƙarancin ƙima.

## Ire-iren Harsunan Huon

* Reshen Gabashin Huon
* Huon Tip
* Kudu maso Gabas Huon: Kate, Mape
* Sene
* Kogin Masaweng: Migabac, Momare
* Kovai
* Tobo-Kube
* Dedua
* Reshen Western Huon
* Burum (Mindik), Borong (Kosorong)
* Kinalakna, Kumokio
* Mese, Nabak
* Komba, Selepet-Timbe
* Nomu
* Ono
* Sialum

Kate shine yare na gida.

## Manazarta
Harshen Tugen

**Tugen** shine yaren da kusan mutane 200,000 na Tugen na ƙungiyar Kalenjin da ke Kenya ke magana. A matsayin wani ɓangare na tarin yaren Kalenjin, yana da alaƙa da irin waɗannan nau'ikan kamar Kipsigis da Nandi.

Tugen ya ƙunshi manyan rukuni biyu, Arror a arewa da Samor a tsakiyar yankin Baringo, Kenya.

## Manazarta
Dorra Zarrouk

**Dorra Ibrahim Zarrouk** ( ; an haife ta a ranar 13 ga watan Janairu 1980)   'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce 'yar Tunisiya da ke zaune a Masar.    

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Dorra a Tunis, mahaifinta Ibrahim Zarrouk da kakan mahaifiyarta, Ali Zouaoui, masanin tattalin arziki ne kuma ɗan siyasa.  

Dorra ta sami digiri na farko a fannin Shari'a a Faculty of Law and Political Science na Tunis a 2001,  sannan ta sami Master of Advanced Studies da Nazarin Kimiyyar Siyasa daga Jami'ar Saint Joseph ta Lebanon a shekarar 2003.

## Sana'a
Duk da iliminta na ilimi, Dorra ta fara wasa a cikin shekarar 1997,  sannan ta yi aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Tunisiya, , tare da Taoufik Jebali a cikin shekarar 2000.  A shekara ta 2002, Dorra ta fara aiki a wani fim na Franco-Tunisiya, **' . 

A shekara ta 2003, ta shiga cikin ''Colosseum: Rum Arena na Mutuwa''. Shirye-shiryenta na farko na TV a wajen Tunisiya shine a cikin shekarar 2004, lokacin da ta yi wasan kwaikwayo a ''Fares Bani Marwan'' a Siriya.   A wannan shekarar, ta zama tauraruwa a cikin ''Nadia et Sarra'' tare da Hiam Abbass. A shekara ta 2005, ta yi aiki a **' .

A cikin shekarar 2007, ta fara aikinta a Masar, inda ta fito a *Alawela fel Gharam* da *[[Le Chaos|Heya Fawda]]* tare da Menna Shalabi. 

Daga baya, ta fito a fina-finai daban-daban kamar *[[The Traveler (fim na 2009)|Al Mosafer]]*, *Tisbah Ala Khair* da *[[Sheikh Jackson]]*. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri

Dorra ta jima tana auren wani ɗan kasuwa dan Tunisiya Qays Mukhtar a shekarar 2012.  A cikin Afrilu 2020, ta buga hotuna a kan kafofin watsa labarun suna haɗuwa da wani ɗan kasuwa ɗan Masar kuma mai zanen ciki, Hany Saad,  wanda ta aura a watan Nuwamba 2020.

## Manazarta
Christelle Aquéréburu

**Christelle Aquéréburu** 'yar fim ce daga kasar Togo. Ita ce ta kafa-darakta na makarantar fim din Ecole de cinéma au Togo (ECRAN), darakta na kamfanin samar da sauti da gani na African Dreams . 

## Rayuwa
Christelle Aquéréburu  daina aiki tare da wata kasa mai yawa don kafa ECRAN a shekara ta 2009. ECRAN ta koyar da dalibai sama da 100 kuma ta samar da fina-finai 20 da shirye-shirye.  zabi aikin wani dalibi na ECRAN, Essi Névamé Akpandza, a cikin rukunin fina-finai na makaranta a 2013 FESPACO . [1]

Aquéréburu  yi aure tare da 'ya'ya uku.Benian Melifa da Owan.

## Manazarta
Yaren Bu

**Bu-Ninkada** (Ibut, Abu, Jida) yaren Plateau ne a Najeriya. Yaruka biyu, Bu da Ninkada, sun bambanta da ƙabila.

Kimanin mutane 4,000 ne ke magana da yaren **Bu** a ƙauyuka huɗu na Nakere, Rago, Maiganga, da Abu. Yana da dangantaka ta kut-da-kut amma dabam da Ningkada (Jidda).

**Ningkada** kusan mutane 2,000 ne ke magana dashi a cikin ƙananan ƙauyuka biyu na Ningkada (Jidda) da Lago. 

## Manazarta
Yousry Nasrallah

**Yousry Nasrallah** ( &nbsp; ) (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli 1952) darektan fina-finan Masar ne.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Nasrallah ga dangin Kirista 'yan Koftik a Alkahira. Ya kammala karatunsa a fannin tattalin arziki da kimiyyar siyasa a Jami'ar Alkahira. Bayan haka, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai sukar fim kuma mai ba da umarni a Beirut daga shekarun 1978 zuwa 1982. Ya zama mataimaki ga Youssef Chahine wanda kamfanin Misr International zai ci gaba da shirya fina-finansa. Ayyukan Nasrallah sun yi bayani game da jigogi na, leftism, Islamic fundamentalism, da kuma expatriation.

Fim ɗin sa na 2012 *[[After the Battle (fim)|After the Battle]]* ya fafata a gasar Palme d'Or a 2012 Cannes Film Festival.

## Fina-finai

* *Sariqat Sayfiyya* (*Summer Thefts*) (1985).
* *The Mercedes* (1993).
* *On Boys, Girls and the Veil* (1995).
* *[[The City (1999 film)|al-Madina]]* (*The City*) (1999).
* *[[The Gate of Sun|Bab el Chams]]* (*The Gate of Sun*) (2003).
* *Genenet al Asmak* (*Aquarium*) (2008).
* *Ehki ya shahrazade* (*[[Scheherazade Tell Me a Story]]*) (2009).
* *[[After the Battle (film)|After the Battle]]* (2012)
* *[[Brooks, Meadows and Lovely Faces]]* (2016)

## Manazarta
Yaren Dem

**Yaren Dem** (Lem, Ndem) yaren Papuan ne daban-daban na Yammacin New Guinea. Kodayake Palmer (2018) ya bar shi ba a rarraba shi ba, an haɗa shi da gangan a cikin dangin Trans–New Guinea a cikin rarrabuwa na Malcolm Ross (2005), kuma Timothy Usher ya danganta shi da Amung.

Ndaw ma sərmara mey aŋga ma sləka 1sg nau, 2sg aŋ, da 1pl yu.

## Kalmomi
Kalmomin ƙamus na asali masu zuwa sun fito ne daga Voorhoeve (1975), kamar yadda aka ambata a cikin bayanan Trans-New Guinea:

## Manazarta
Ahmed El-Nahass

**Ahmed El-Nahass** (An haife shi a shekarar 1950) ya kasance Daraktan fim ne na ƙasar Masar.

El-Nahass ya yi aiki na shekaru da yawa tare da manyan ƴan wasa a fagen fina-finai na Masar, kamar Kamal El Sheikh da Al-Zurkani. Fim ɗinsa na farko shi ne The Lost Plane,  wanda ya lashe lambar yabo a bikin fim na Alexandria.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin Hadi na waje

* Filmography
Helmy Rafla

**Helmy Rafla** (Mayu 15, 1909 - Afrilu 22, 1978; Larabci: حلمي رفلة) darektan fina-finan Masar ne, marubucin fim, mai shirya fina-finai, kuma mai tsara kayan shafa. Ana masa kallon ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu shirya fina-finan Masar. 

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifishi ranar 15 ga watan Mayu 1909 a Masarautar Masar. 

Rafla  ya yi wa ƴar wasan kwaikwayo Umm Kulthum kwalliya a yawancin fina-finai da ta yi, wanda ya ba shi damar tafiya zuwa Faransa don koyon fasahar kayan kwalliya. Bayan ya koma birnin Alkahira, ɗan kasuwa Talaat Harb ya nemi Rafla ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin wasu baƙi daga Turai waɗanda ke aiki a Studio Misr, ɗakin fim na Alkahira wanda Harb ya kafa. 

## Fina-finai
### A matsayin Furodusa

* **' (1947), as director
* **' (1947), as director
* **' (1948)
* ''[[The Millionaire (1950 film)|The Millionaire]]'', as director
* ''[[The Pretty Mothers-in-law]]'' (1953), as director
* ''[[Idol of the Masses]]'' (1967), as director
* ''[[A Touch of Tenderness]]'' (1971), as director

=== As producer ===
* **' (1948)
* *[[The Road of Hope (film)|The Road of Hope]]* (1957), as producer
* *[[The River of Love (1960 film)|The River of Love]]* (1960), as producer
* *[[I Will Not Confess]]* (1961), as producer
* *[[The Mamelukes]]* (1965), as producer

### A matsayin marubucin shirin fim

* ** (1948) (story, screenplay, and dialogue)

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin Hadi na waje
*
*Helmy Rafla at ElCinema
Ahmed Rateb

**Ahmed Rateb** (Arabic; 23 ga watan Janairun 1949 - 14 ga watan Disamba 2016) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Masar. Ya bayyana a cikin fina-finai sama da sittin.

## Fina-finan da aka zaɓa

## Duba kuma

* Fim na Masar
* Jerin fina-finai na Masar

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

*
Gamil Ratib

**Gamil Abu Bakr Ratib** (an haifeshi a 18 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1926 - ya mutu a 19 ga watan Satumbar a shekarar 2018) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Masar. Ya bayyana a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin da fina-finai kuma a takaice a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo sama da shekaru 65. An san shi da matsayi mai yawa da kuma bayyanarsa a cikin fim din wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi na Turanci *Lawrence na Arabiya* .
 

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife shi a 1926 a Alkahira ga dangin Masar da aka sani da ƙaunarsu ga zane-zane, an tura Ratib don nazarin zane-zane a Paris. Ƙaunarsa ta wasan kwaikwayo ta fito ne daga gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Faransa, wanda ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Faransa, kafin ya fara fim dinsa a shekarar 1945. Ya kasance ɗan wasan kwaikwayo mai daraja a ƙasarsa ta Masar da Faransa, bayan ya yi aiki a ƙasashe biyu, gami da ba shi Legion of Honour . A Faransa, Ratib ya auri wata mace ta Faransa kuma an ba shi 'yancin zama na Faransa.

## Hotunan  fina-finai
 

## Gidan wasan kwaikwayo

* 1960: *Hamlet* na William Shakespeare, samar da Philippe Dauchez, Maurice Jacquemont, Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Champs-Elysées 
* 1967: Scheherazade na Jules Survielle, samar da Jean Rougerie, Théâtre des Mathurins Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Mathurins

## Daraja

* : Babban Gicciye na Order of MeritUmurni na Daraja
* : Knight na Legion of HonourRundunar girmamawa
* : Babban Jami'in National Order of Merit (Tunisia) Dokar Daraja ta Kasa (Tunisia)

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

*
Harshen Jino

Harshen Jino (Jinuo 基諾語;  autonyms: tɕy˦no˦, ki˦ɲo˦) ya ƙunshi nau'in yaren Loloish guda biyu waɗanda mutanen Jino na Yunnan, China ke magana dashi.

## Ire-Ire
Gabaɗaya, akwai kusan adadin mutanen Jinuo 28,320 da ke zaune a kasar Sin. Kimanin kashi 70-80% na mutanen Jinuo na iya magana da ko wanne daga cikin nau'in Jino sosai. Harshen Jino ya ƙunshi yaruka biyu na Youle Jino da Buyuan Jinuo,  kuma ba sa fahimtar juna.

Buyuan Jino mutane 21,000 ne ke magana da shi;[8] galibin masu magana da harshe daya ne, wanda ke nufin suna jin Buyuan Jino ne kawai. Babu rubutaccen fom na hukuma. Yawancin mutanen Jino kuma suna magana ɗaya daga cikin yaren Tai ko Sinanci. Lambar ISO 639-3 na nau'in Jino sune "jiu" na Youle Jino da "jiy" na Buyuan Jino. Lambobin Glottocode na nau'in Jino sune "youl1235" na Youle Jino da "buyu1238" na Buyuan Jino.

## Rabewa
Ba a tabbatar da ainihin rarrabuwar Jino a cikin reshen Loloish na dangin Sino-Tibet ba. An rarraba Jino a matsayin harshen Kudancin Loloish (Hanoish) ta Ziwo Lama (2012),  amma a matsayin harshen Loloish ta tsakiya ta Bradley (2007). Hakanan ana rarraba Jino a matsayin harshen Loloish na Kudancin a cikin Satterthwaite-Phillips' (2011) ƙididdigar ƙididdigar phylogenetic na harsunan Lolo-Burmese.

## Tarihi
Amfani da Jino yana raguwa da sauri: a cikin 1980s, 70-80% na mutanen Jino sun yi amfani da Jino; a shekara ta 2000, kasa da kashi 50 cikin 100 na jama'a na iya jin Jino.

Majalisar kasar ta amince da al'ummar Jino a ranar 6 ga watan Yuni 1979 a matsayin 'yan tsiraru na karshe da aka amince da su a kasar Sin.

A tarihi, an tsara al’ummar Jino a matsayin al’adar aure, kuma “Jino” na nufin “saukarwa daga kawu,” kuma yana nufin muhimmancin ɗan’uwan uwa a cikin al’ummomin ma’aurata.

Ta fuskar harshe, Jino ya yi kama da sauran harsunan da ke karkashin reshen harsunan Tibeto-Burman, saboda al'ummar Jino sun kaura daga arewa maso yammacin lardin Yunnan zuwa yankunan da suke a yanzu, amma ba a san lokacin da kuma hanyoyin da za a bi na wannan hijirar ba. ,

## Rarraba yankuna
Ana magana da Jino a garin Jinuo (Tuni na Jinuo), wanda ke cikin birnin Jinghong na lardin Sipsongbanna Dai mai cin gashin kansa na lardin Yunnan na kasar Sin.

## Sautunan sauti
Akwai tonemes biyar a Buyuan Jino. Gai ya yi imanin cewa aikin sautin sauti yana bambanta ma'anoni na lexical da ma'anoni na nahawu.

# /˥/ (sautin babban matakin, 55): yana son rage wasula ta hanyar sauti
# /˦/ (sautin matsakaici, 44): ƙasa da 55, ko da yake har yanzu yana girma
# /˧˩/ (ƙarashin sautin faɗuwa, 31)
# /˧˥/ (sautin tashi, 35)
# /˥˧/ (sautin faɗuwa mai girma, 53)

/˥˧/ (53) ana ganin sautin yana da wuyar bambancewa yayin sauraron mai magana.

## Tsarin rubutu
Jino ba shi da tsarin rubutu na hukuma, amma ya ƙirƙiri tsarin alamomi da yawa don rufe sadarwa a yanayi daban-daban.[1] Jino ya yi amfani da allunan katako da aka zana ko kuma bamboo don rubuta basussuka tsakanin ƙauyuka.

## Manazarta
Stephan Rosti

**Stephan Rosti** (Masar Larabci&#x2D;-ignore="true">:  [ (ʔ) esteˈfæːn ˈɾosti]) (16 ga Nuwamba 1891 - 22 ga Mayu 1964) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma Daraktan fim na Masar  wanda ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki a Misira .

## Na Mutum
Mahaifiyar Rosti 'yar wasan Masar ce ta Italiya. Tana yin wasan kwaikwayo a Misira lokacin da ta sadu da mahaifin Rosti, jakadan Austrian a Alkahira. Mahaifiyar Rosti tana ƙaunar Masar har zuwa lokacin da lokaci ya yi da mahaifin diflomasiyya ya dakatar da aikinsa na siyasa (a Alkahira) kuma ya koma kasarsa, ta ki tafiya tare da shi kuma ta yanke shawarar zama a Misira tare da ɗanta. Don tserewa daga yunkurin mahaifinsa  fitar da yaron daga Masar, ta tsere tare da yaron zuwa Alexandria kuma sun zauna a unguwar Raas Al-Teen inda Stephan ya shiga makarantun yankin.

Yayinda yake saurayi, Rosti ya yi tafiya zuwa Austria neman amincewar mahaifinsa, amma ba shi da amfani. Yayinda yake rawa kuma yana aiki a Austria, Jamus, da Faransa. Rosti ya sadu kuma ya yi abota da masu shirya fina-finai biyu na Masar, Mohammed Karim da Sirag Mounir, waɗanda suka ƙarfafa shi ya koma Masar don yin aiki a cikin fina-fakkaatu, saboda yadda yake iya yin Larabci na Masar kuma bayan ya nuna sha'awarsa na yin hakan. Rosti ya koma Misira kuma ya shiga matsayin dalibi a "Acting Institute" na Alkahira, kuma ya karɓi aikinsa na farko a matsayin darektan fim na farko na Masar, "Layla" daga mai gabatarwa Aziza Amir a 1927.

Rosti ya fito a fina-finai 24 na Masar tsakanin 1927 da 1964. Ya kuma jagoranci fina-finai bakwai na Masar tsakanin 1931 da 1946. Ya shahara da nuna mugun haruffa tare da sha'awar satirical, kuma ya zama gunkin masana'antar fina-finai ta Masar.

## Hotunan fina-finai
**Dan wasan kwaikwayo:**: (1920-1964) 
 
**Daraktan:**: (1930s-1940s) 

* Gamal wa Dalal (1946) 

... a.k.a. Gamal da Dalal (International: taken Ingilishi) 

* Ahlahum (1945) 

... a.k.a. Mafi Kyawun (International: taken Ingilishi) 

* Ibn El-balad (1942) 

... a.k.a. The Urchin (International: taken Ingilishi) 

* Warsha, El (1941) 
* Antar effendi (1936) 

... Antar Esquire (International: taken Ingilishi) 

* Unshudat el fuad (1932) 

... a.k.a. Song of the Heart (International: taken Ingilishi) 

* Sahib al Sauda (1931) 

... a.k.a. Ubangiji na Bayyanawa (International: taken Ingilishi) 

**Marubuci:** (1930s-1950s) 

* Qetar el lail (1953) (labari) 

... a.k.a. Jirgin Rana na Dare (International: taken Ingilishi) 

* Gamal wa Dalal (1946) (marubuci) 

... a.k.a. Gemal da Dalal (International: taken Ingilishi) 

* Ebn el balad (1943) (labari) 

... a.k.a. The Urchin (International: taken Ingilishi) 

* Unshudat el fuad (1932) (marubuci) 

... a.k.a. Song of the Heart (International: taken Ingilishi) 

**Sashen Edita:**

* Ibn el balad (1943) (hawan) 

... a.k.a. The Urchin (International: taken Ingilishi) 

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

*
Atef El Tayeb

**Atef El Tayeb** (  &nbsp; ) (26 Disamban shekarar 1947 - 23 Yuni 1995) darektan fina-finan Masar ne.  Madadin fassarar sunansa sune: *Atef Al-Tayeb* da *Attef El Taieb.* Fina-finansa sun sha nuna irin gwagwarmayar da talakawa ke yi. 

## Filmography

### A matsayin darakta

# kashf Al mastor(1994)
# Leila Sakhina (A Hot Night) (1994)
# Did el Hokouma (Against the Government) (1992)
# Nagi El-Ali (1991)
# El Heroob (Escape) (1988)
#The Innocent (1986)
# El Zamar (The Piper) (1985)
# Al Hob Fawk Habadet al Haram (Love on the Pyramids Plateau) (1984)
# The Cell (El-Takhsheeba) (1983)
# Sawak al-utubis (Bus Driver)(1982)

### A matsayin mataimakin darakta

* Sphinx (1981)
* Gallipoli (1981) (assistant director for Egyptian version)
* The Awakening (1980)
* Death on the Nile (1978)
* El-Raghba wel Thaman (Desire and Price) (1978)
* The Spy Who Loved Me (1977)
* Da'wa Lil Hayah (A Call for Life) (1972)

## Manazarta
Joe Stewardson

**Joe Stewardson,** ɗan wasan kwaikwayo fim ne na Afirka ta Kudu . 

## Ayyuka
 

### Fim ɗin ɓangare

## Mutuwa
Ya mutu a shekara ta 1997.

## Manazarta

## Bayanan littattafai
Tomaselli, Keyan (1989). Fim din wariyar launin fata: Race and Class a cikin Fim din Afirka ta Kudu . Routledge (Landan, Ingila). 

## Hanyoyin Haɗin waje

* Bayanan bayanai (ba a rubuta su ba). "Stewardson, Joe". *Cibiyar Nazarin Fim da Talabijin ta Burtaniya*. An samo shi a ranar 12 ga watan Agusta 2010.
*
Amr Sa'ad

**Amr Saad** ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Masar. Ya kammala karatu daga Faculty of Applied Arts . Ya fara aikinsa na fasaha a ƙarshen shekarun 1990, lokacin da ya fara tsayawa a gaban kyamara. Shahin, sannan fim din *Al Madina* na Yusra Nasrallah, sannan ya bayyana a cikin wani ɗan gajeren fim mai taken Ten pounds sannan kuma cin amana.

A shekara ta 2007, ya gabatar da fim din *Dikan Shehata*, wanda masu sukar suka yaba da shi. Daga nan sai ya gabatar da fina-finai *Karma* The Big, Iron, *Rijata*, Walls of the Moon, *Molana* da *Karfe* .

Ya gabatar da jerin farko a cikin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin 2010, mai taken Kingdom of the Mountain sannan ya gabatar da jerin Abdul Aziz Street a cikin 2011 kuma a cikin 2012 ya gabatar da tsarin Khirm, sannan ya gabatar na biyu na jerin Abdel Aziz Street, kuma a cikin 2016 ya gabatar da Jerin Younis Born Silver, kuma a 2017 ya gabatar da *Yanayin tsaro* na jerin.

Ya lashe lambar yabo ta Mafi kyawun Actor saboda rawar da ya taka a fim din *Maulana* daga bikin fina-finai na 33 na Alexandria  kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ga bikin fina-fukkin Luxor da kuma bikin fina-fiyen Katolika na 66.Ya kuma lashe lambar yabo ta mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo daga bikin fina-finai na Bahar Rum na 23 na Tetouan a kan rawar da Sheikh Hatemliz a fim din *[[Mawlana (fim)|Mawlana]]* .

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Amr Saad a IMDb.
Ramses Naguib

**Ramses Naguib=Ramsis Nagib** (; 8 Yuni 1921- 4 ga Fabrairu 1977) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na ƙasar Masar, kuma mai shirya fina-finai.     Ya auri fitacciyar jaruma Lobna Abdel Aziz Ya canza addininsa na Kirista zuwa Musulunci kamar yadda Lobna Abdel Aziz ta yi bayani.  Ya aure ta, sa'an nan kuma ya sake ta ba tare da son ransa ba.  Sun kasance suna son juna kuma suna rayuwa mai dadi tare kafin saki. Lobna ta karanta labarin sakinta a cikin jarida kafin a sake ta.

## Filmography

* 1974: *[[The Bullet is Still in My Pocket]] -* Producer
* 1968: *[[Three Women (1968 film)|Three Women]] -* Producer
* 1968: *[[The Splendor of Love]] -* Producer
* 1967: *[[My Wife's Dignity]] -* Producer
* 1963: *[[Bride of the Nile]] -* Producer
* 1962: *[[Letter from an Unknown Woman (1962 film)|Letter from an Unknown Woman]] -* Distributor
* 1962: *I Am the Fugitive -* Distributor
* 1961: *[[Oh Islam]] -* Co-producer
* 1959:  *[[Huda (film)|Huda]]* - Director
* 1957: *[[Ismail Yassine in the Navy]] -* Co-producer
* 1956: *[[The Leech (1956 film)|The Leech]] -* Co-producer
* 1954: *[[Pity My Tears]] -* Co-producer
* 1946: *[[The Angel of Mercy (film)|The Angel of Mercy]] -* Co-producer
* 1942: *[[Ibn El-balad|Ibn El-Balad]] -* Actor

## Manazarta
Bishara Wakim

**Bishara Wakim** (Larabci: بشارة واكيم ) (A watan Maris biyar 5, shekarar alif 1890-Nuwamba 30, 1949) darakta kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Masar an haife shi a Faggala, Alkahira a shekarar alif dubu daya da takwas da casa'in 1890.

## Sana'a
Sunansa na ainihi Bisharah Yoakim ya yi karatu a Collège-des-Frères (Bab-El-Louk), ya kasance ɗan Katolika na Girka, a cikin shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da goma sha bakwai 1917 ya kammala karatu daga Makarantar Shari'a kuma ya fara rayuwarsa a matsayin lauya.

Ya fara wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin memba na kungiyar wasan kwaikwayo Abdul Rahman Rushdi, sannan memba ne na kungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta George Abiad, sannan tare da jarumin Masar Youssef Wahbi a rukuninsa na wasan kwaikwayo na Ramses. Daga nan sai ya koma gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Mounira El Mahdeya a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, darekta da darektan fasaha.

Bishara Wakim da gwamnatin Masar ta karrama shi saboda irin nasarorin da ya samu a fagen fina-finai da wasan kwaikwayo, ya taka rawar gani da ɗan wasan Lebanon a mafi yawan fina-finan Masar na shekaru talatin da arba'in.

Bishara Wakim ta yi fina-finai kusan 381 a sinimar Masar.

Bishara Wakim ya rasu a ranar 30 ga watan Nuwamba, 1949.

## Filmography

*1923 Barsoum Looking for a Job
*1934 the son of the people
*1936 radio song
*1945 beginning of the month
*1943 the son of the country
*1947 the son of the Middle
*1941 triumph of youth
*1942 Ibn El-balad
*1942 Bahbah Baghdad
*1947 Alpremo
*1947 Lebanese University
*1946 I'm not an angel
*1946 game of the six
*1942 if you're rich
*1945 great artist
*1947 Baghdad, Cairo
*1947 Qublni Oh Father
*1945 Love story
*1943 issue of the day
*1947 Alby Dalily
*1947 and my heart weep
*1945 bloody hearts
*1947 Alohm mask

## Duba kuma

* Jerin Masarawa

## Manazarta
Kamla Abou Zekry

**Kamla Abou Zekry** (an haifeta ranar 8 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1974) ita ce darektar talabijin da fim na Masar wanda ya jagoranci sanannun fina-finai da jerin Shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar *Bent Esmaha Zaat*, *Segn El Nisaa*, da *Wahed Sefr*. Ta shiga cikin bukukuwan fina-finai da yawa na ƙasa da ƙasa, gami da bikin Fina-finai na Alkahira, bikin fim na ƙasa da ƙasa na Dubai, da kuma bikin fim na Venice. An kuma nuna fina-finanta a bikin fim na Cannes.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Abou Zekry a Alkahira, Misira. Ta kammala karatu daga Cibiyar Nazarin Fim, kuma ta fara aikin fim ta hanyar haɗa kai da Nadel Galal a *131 Ashghal* a shekarar 1993. 

## Ayyuka
### Fina-finai
* (with Nadel Galal) *131 Ashghal* / *131 Works*, 1993
* *Qittar Al Sa’aa Al Sadisah* / *The Six O’ Clock Train*, 1999. Short film.
* (with Nader Galal) *Hello America*, 2000
* *[[Sanna Oula Nasb]]* / *First Year Con*, 2004. Feature film.
* *Malek wa ketaba*, 2005. Feature film.
* *An el ashq wel hawa*, 2006
* (with Mariam Abou Auf) *Tamantashar Yom* / *18 Days*, 2011
* *Khelket Rabena* / *God's Creation*, 2011
* *A Day for Women*, 2016

### Shirye-shiryen Talabijin masu dogon zango
* *6 Midan El-Tahrir*, 2009
* *Wahed-Sefr* / *One-Zero*, 2009
* *A Girl Named Zat*, 2013
* *Segn El Nesa* / *Women's Jail*, 2014
* *Wahet El Ghoroub* / *Sunset Oasis*, 2017
* *100 Wesh* / *100 Face*, 2020
* *Bitulou' Al-Rouh*/As the Spirit breaks out (in critique of ISIS), 2022

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin Hadi na waje
* 
* Kamlah Abou Zekry on elcinema.com
* Kamla Abou Zekry on Festival Scope Pro
* Abu Zekri Kamla on africine.org (in French)
Yaren Palembang

**Palembang**, wanda aka fi sani da **Palembang Malay** (), ko Musi, yare ne na Malayic da farko ana magana da shi a kusan kashi biyu bisa uku na Lardin Kudancin Sumatra a Indonesia, musamman a gefen Kogin Musi . Ya ƙunshi sarƙoƙi biyu daban-daban amma masu fahimtar juna: Musi da Palembang .  Yaren Palembang na birni koiné ne wanda ya fito a Palembang, babban birni Kudancin Sumatra .  zama harshen magana a ko'ina cikin manyan cibiyoyin jama'a a lardin, kuma galibi ana amfani dashi da yawa tare da Indonesian da sauran yarukan yanki da yaruka a yankin. Tun  sassan Kudancin Sumatra sun kasance a ƙarƙashin mulkin Malay_People" id="mwIw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Malay People">Malay da Javanese_people" id="mwJA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Javanese people">Javanese kai tsaye na dogon lokaci, nau'ikan magana na Palembang da kewayenta suna da tasiri sosai daga Malay da Jawanese, har zuwa ainihin ƙamus.

*Palembang* na iya nufin duka yaren , wanda ya bambanta da yaren Musi, ko kuma gaPalembang dukan yaren Palimbang / Musi. Wannan kalmar ita  mafi mashahuriyar endonym ga harshe kuma ana amfani da ita sosai a cikin wallafe-wallafen ilimi.

## Fasahar sauti

 (1983) ya lissafa alamomi 26 don yaren Palembang; musamman, akwai ƙwayoyin 20 da wasula 6. , wani binciken da Aliana (1987) ya yi ya bayyana cewa akwai alamomi 25 kawai a cikin Palembang, sake nazarin  a matsayin allophone na  da  a maimakon haka.

### Sautin sautin

 cikin sassan da aka rufe,  da  ana gane su a matsayin [ɪ] da [ʊ], bi da bi.

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

## Rubutun kalmomi
Ofishin ci gaban harshe da ci gaba na gida ya yi rubutun kalmomi. Yana da alaƙa da Tsarin Kalmomin Indonesiya, kuma yana amfani da haruffa na Latin tare da ƙarin harafin é . 

## Misali rubutu

## Bayani

## Bayanan da aka ambata

### Manazarta
Fatin Abdel Wahab

**Fatin Abdel Wahab** (; 22 Nuwamba 1913 - 12 Mayu 1972) darektan fina-finan Masar ne. Ya jagoranci fina-finai 52 tsakanin shekarun 1949 zuwa 1970. Fim ɗinsa na 1961 *[[Wife Number 13]]* an shigar da shi cikin bikin Fim na Duniya na Berlin na 12th.  Fim ɗinsa na 1965 *[[Driven from Paradise|wanda aka kora daga Aljanna]]* ya shiga cikin bikin fina-finai na duniya na Moscow na 4th.   

## kyaututtuka
Ya lashe kyautar rabon zaki (Lion’s Share award) a cikin jerin fitattun fina-finan barkwanci 100 a cikin fina-finan Masar, kuma jerin sun haɗa da ayyuka 17, dangane da zabar bikin fina-finai na Alexandria na ƙasashen Red Sea da kuma kungiyar Marubuta Fina-Finai ta Masar.

## Filmography
* *[[Al-Ustazah Fatimah]]* (1952)
* *[[Miss Hanafi]]* (1954)
* *[[Ismail Yassine in the Navy]]* (1957)
* *[[Hamido's son]]* (1957)
* ** (1957) ()
* *[[A Rumor of Love]]* (1960)
* *[[Wife Number 13]]* (1961)
* *[[Bride of the Nile]]* (1963)
* *[[Driven from Paradise]]* (1965)
* *[[Three Thieves (1966)|Three Thieves]]* (1966)
* *[[My Wife, the Director General]]* (1966)
* *[[My Wife's Dignity]]* (1967)
* *[[My Wife's Goblin]]* (1968)
* *[[Land of Hypocrisy]]* (1968)

## Duba kuma

* Fatin Abdulwahhab - IMDb

## Manazarta
Harshen Basum

**Basum** (autonym: brag *gsum* 'dutse uku'; **Basong** 巴松话; **Bake** ) yare ne na Bodish wanda kusan mutane 2,500 ke magana a cikin Gongbo'gyamda County 工布江达县, Nyingtri Prefecture, Tibet, China . Kashi 13.5% na yawan mutanen Gongbo'gyamda County suna magana da Basum. Glottolog ya lissafa Basum a matsayin wanda ba a rarraba shi ba a cikin Bodish.

Wang (2020) bayanin ilimin lissafi ne da kuma bayanin Basum . 

## Tarihi
Harshen Basum an san shi da **Bäke**, wanda aka samo daga brag-gsum ska, ma'ana 'harshe na duwatsu uku'. Akwai kimanin masu magana 3,000 a cikin garuruwan Zhoka da Tshongo, Gongbo'gyamda County 工布江达县, a bakin tekun Basum. Qu, et al. (1989) sun kuma ba da rahoton cewa ana magana da Basum a garin Cuogao 错高乡 da Xueka Township 雪卡乡 na Gongbo'gyamda County 工布江达县, Nyingtri Prefecture, Tibet, China. 

## Rarraba

Qu, et al. (1989)  ya lura cewa Basum ba shi da fahimta tare da juna kuma ya bambanta da Gongbu Tibetan (: 工布话; masu magana 11,600), wanda shine nau'ikan harshen Tibet na Tsakiya wanda ke da alaƙa da Nyingchi Tibetan (Sidanci: 林芝话). Har ila yau, Basum ba shi da fahimta tare da Niangpu 母́话 (wanda ake kira Muqu 牧区话), wanda shine Khams Tibetan iri-iri da mutane 4,310 ke magana a Jiaxing 加兴 da Niangpú 母́́话 na Gongbo'gyamda County. , et al. (1989:61) ya lura da wasu kamanceceniya tsakanin Basum da Cuona Menba (Tawang Monpa), harshen Bodish na Gabas.

Suzuki & Nyima (2016) consider Basum to be a non-Tibetic language.

Tournadre (2014)  ya rarraba Basum (Bake) a matsayin harshen Bodish wanda ba a rarraba shi ba wanda ba na reshen Tibetic ba. Tourn*a* (2014: 112) ya lura cewa Basum ya*na* da mai musun a-, sabanin mai musun ma- ko *myi*- a cikin yarukan Tibetic. Har ila yau, ba kamar yarukan Tibetic ba, Basum ba ya jin daɗin Proto-Bodish *ti- da *si-.

A lissafin phylogenetic na harsuna daban-daban na Tibet by Jiang (2022) ya nuna cewa Basum ya bambanta, kuma kodayake yana nuna wasu kamanceceniya da yaren Medog na Khams Tibetan saboda hulɗa, da kuma harsunan Bodish na Gabas ("Menba" ko "Monpa"). 

 & Suzuki (2023) sun ba da shawarar cewa Basum na iya kasancewa da alaƙa da Dakpa (Tawang Monpa), yaren Bodish na Gabas, tunda harsunan biyu suna da siffofi da yawa da kuma nau'ikan nahawu.

## Lexicon
Tournadre & Suzuki (2023) sun lissafa kalmomin Basum masu zuwa waɗanda ba su da ƙididdigar Tibetic.

, et al. (1989: 50-51) sun lissafa kalmomin Basum masu zuwa ba tare da cognates a cikin makwabtaccen Harsunan Tibet ba.

## Manazarta
Yaren Ce

**Harshen Ce** (Che), Kuce (Kuche), harshe ne mai mahimmanci a yankin Filato a Najeriya. Ana kuma santa da sunan gundumarta ta asali a Jihar Filato, Rukuba. 

## Manazarta
Harshen Retta

**Retta** (Reta) yare ne na Papuan da ake magana a gefen kudancin tsibirin Pura da Ternate, tsakanin Pantar da Alor a cikin Tsibirin Alor na Indonesia . Ba a fahimta da juna tare da Blagar, wanda ake magana a gefen arewacin tsibirin Pura, kuma ba shi da alaƙa da Alorese, wanda ake fada a gefen Arewacin Ternate

## Manazarta
Yaren Daatsʼiin

**Daats'iin** yare ne na B'aga na yammacin Habasha . Akwai 'ummomi biyu na masu magana a yammacin Habasha, daya a Mahadid, a kan iyakar arewa maso gabashin Alitash National Park, kuma daya a Inashemsh a kan iyar Sudan, kudu da wurin shakatawa inda Kogin Rahad ya haye daga Habasha zuwa Sudan.

Daatsʼiin an fara bayar da rahoton ne a cikin 2013 kuma Colleen Ahland ya bayyana shi a cikin 2014. Ahland ya kara bayyana shi a cikin 2016. Jerin kalmomin kwatankwacin Daatsʼiin, Arewacin Gumuz, da Kudancin Gumuz suna samuwa a cikin Ahland & Kelly (2014). 

Daga cikin sauran harsunan 'aga, Daatsʼíin yana da mafi girman kamanceceniya da Kudancin Gumuz, amma kungiyoyin biyu suna sadarwa a Larabci ko Amharic.

## Fasahar sauti
Lissafin 'anar Daatsʼíin: [1]

Za'a iya fahimtar tsayawar baki , ,  a matsayin tsayawar baki [kj], , [kjʼ] a cikin bambancin kyauta.

 da [ʒ] suna da wuya, dukansu an rubuta su ne kawai daga kalma ɗaya zuwa yanzu. Tsohon ya bayyana a matsayin sauti, amma na ƙarshe na iya zama allophone na .

Maganar muryar pharyngeal tana faruwa ne kawai lokacin da ke bin  ko  da ke gaba da , kuma ana iya nazarin shi azaman allophone na dakatarwar glottal .

 yana da sautin sautin guda takwas: [1]

 yayi nazarin , , , [o],  a matsayin dogon lokaci, da kuma , ,  a matsayin gajeren , ,  bi da bi.

Daatsʼíin kuma yare ne na sauti: wasula na iya ɗaukar sautin da ya fi girma da ƙasa. Wasu misalai na raguwa sauka faruwa.

## Harshen harshe
Daatsʼíin yana da bambance-bambance da yawa daga wasu harsunan Gumuz. Kalmomin suna canzawa don -" data-linkid="171" href="./Grammatical_aspect" id="mw3w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Grammatical aspect">fasalin (cikakke-maras kyau) maimakon don lokaci (gaba-ba-gaba). Kalmomin suna da polysynthetic a cikin dukkan harsuna, amma tsari na morphemes ya bambanta a cikin Daatsʼiin, kuma wasu morphemes da ke faruwa a cikin harshe ɗaya ba sa faruwa a cikin ɗayan (s).  "Babban tsari a cikin sassan Daatsʼí sun kasance AVO / SV".

## Manazarta

## Littattafai

*
Harshen Tring

**Tring** yana ɗaya daga cikin yarukan Borneo, a Sarawak, Malaysia . Ethnologue  rarraba yaren a matsayin barazana.

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Ƙarin karantawa

* Sidney H. Ray 1913. . Sarawak Museum Journal 1 (4). 1-196.
* Robert Blust 2010. Babban Tunanin Arewacin Borneo . Oceanic Linguistics 49 (1). 44-118. 

## Haɗin waje

* Tarin Robert Blust na Kaipuleohone ya haɗa da kayan da aka rubuta don Tring
Harshen Mor (Papuan)

Mor ya kusa bacewa yaren Trans-New Guinea na Indonesiya. Ana magana ne a bakin kogin Budi da kogin Bomberai da ke gabar tekun Bomberai.

## Rabewa
Yana iya samar da reshe mai zaman kansa na wannan dangi a cikin rarrabuwar Malcolm Ross (2005), amma Palmer (2018) ya sanya shi a matsayin keɓewar harshe. Koyaya, haɗin kai kawai shine 1sg da 2sg karin magana na- da a-:

Usher ya raba shi da sauran harsunan Trans-New Guinea na Tekun Berau.
## Sunaye
Ƙwararren ƙira don lamba a cikin Mor yana iyakance ga wasu sunaye masu rai kawai, kamar mor ‘man’ da mor-ir ‘maza’. Sauran sunaye ba sa karkata ga lamba, kamar su ‘tsuntsu/tsuntsaye’.: 97
## Kalmomi
Kalmomin ƙamus na asali masu zuwa sun fito ne daga Voorhoeve (1975), kamar yadda aka ambata a cikin bayanan Trans-New Guinea:

:

Johannes Anceaux kuma ya tattara jerin kalmomin Mor.

## Manazarta
Harsunan Guang

**Harsunan Guan** harsuna ne na dangin yaren Kwa da Mutanen Guan ke magana a Ghana da Togo:

* **Kudancin Gua**: Efutu, Cherepon, Gua, Larteh
* **Arewacin Guan**: Tchumbuli, Dwang, Foodo, Kyode, Ginyanga, Gonja, Kplang, Krache, Nawuri, Nchumbulu, Nkonya-Nkami, Ntrapo, Vagala

## Tarihin Guan
Ethnologue da Glottolog suma sun lissafa Dompo, amma a cewar Blench (1999), wannan ya fi kyau a bar shi ba tare da rarrabawa ba.

Snider ya sake gina Proto-Guang (1990). 

## Dubi kuma

*  (Wiktionary) 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Yaren Jwira-Pepesa

**Jwira-Pepesa**, wanda aka fi sani da **Gwira** da **Pepesa-Jwira**, yare ne na Nijar-ƙasar Congo na Ghana)" Yankin Yamma Ghana, wanda ya ƙunshi yaruka da ke fahimtar juna Jwira da Pepessa, tare da kusan masu magana da shi da suka kai 18,000.  Kwa ne na reshen Tano na Tsakiya, kuma yana da kashi 60% na fahimta tare da Nzema da kuma fahimtar ɓangare tare da Ahanta da Anyin. Ana magana da Jwira a ƙauyuka 18 daga Bamiankaw zuwa Humjibere tare da Kogin Ankobra, yayin da ake magana da Pepesa a ƙasar Wasa tsakanin Agona Junction da Tarkwa. Yankunan biyu sun rabu  tsaunuka.

## Rubutun kalmomi
Jwira-Pepesa  ta da wani nau'i na rubuce-rubuce.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Yaren Mansi

Mutanen Mansi ne ke magana da yarukan Mansi a Rasha tare da Kogin Ob da yankunan da ke cikin Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, da Sverdlovsk Oblast. A al'adance ana ɗaukar su yare ɗaya, sun zama reshe na yarukan Uralic, galibi ana ɗaukar su da alaƙa da maƙwabcin Khanty sannan kuma da Hungarian. 

Harshen asali na harshen wallafe-wallafen Mansi shine yaren Sosva, wakilin yaren arewa. Tattaunawar da ke ƙasa ta dogara ne akan yaren da aka saba amfani da shi. Tsarin kalmomi mai tsauri ya zama ruwan dare a cikin Mansi. Adverbials da participles suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ginin jumla. An fara buga Rubuce-rubucen harshe a 1868, kuma an tsara haruffa na Cyrillic na yanzu a 1937.

## Iri-iri

An raba Mansi zuwa manyan kungiyoyi huɗu na yaren waɗanda ba su da ma'ana sosai, sabili da haka mafi kyawun la'akari da harsuna huɗu. Za'a iya saita rabuwa ta farko tsakanin nau'ikan Kudancin da sauran. Hakanan ana raba fasalulluka da yawa tsakanin bambance-bambance na Yamma da Gabas, yayin da wasu canje-canje na sauti daga baya sun bazu tsakanin Gabas da Arewa (kuma ana samun su a wasu yarukan makwabta na Arewacin Khanty zuwa gabas).

 san yare daban-daban bisa ga koguna masu magana da su suna zaune (d) a kan: [1]

Kalmomin da aka bayar a sama sune waɗanda har yanzu ake magana a ƙarshen karni na 19 da farkon karni na 20 kuma an rubuta su a cikin tushen harshe akan Mansi. Rubuce-rubucen kimiyya daga ƙarni na 18 da farkon ƙarni na 19 sun kasance kuma na wasu nau'ikan Yamma da Kudancin Mansi, waɗanda ake magana da su a yamma: yarukan Tagil, Tura da Chusovaya na Kudancin  da yaren Vishera na Yamma. 

Harsuna biyu da aka ambata a ƙarshe an yi magana da su a kan gangaren yammacin Urals, inda kuma wasu kafofin Rasha na farko suka rubuta ƙauyukan Mansi.  yi amfani da shaidar Sunan wuri don ba da shawarar kasancewar Mansi har yanzu yana zuwa yammaci sosai a lokutan da suka gabata,  kodayake an soki wannan kamar yadda ba shi da tabbas.

Arewacin Mansi yana da tasirin Rasha, Komi, Nenets, da Arewacin Khanty, kuma ya zama tushen harshen Mansi na wallafe-wallafen. Babu wani zargi; wato, duka matsayi na nominative da accusative ba su da alama a kan sunan.  da  an goyi bayan su zuwa  da .

Yammacin Mansi ya ƙare ca. 2000. Yana  tasirin Rasha da Komi masu ƙarfi; bambance-bambance na yaren ma sun kasance masu yawa. Tsawon wasula an yi amfani da su.
## Manazarta
Yaren Onondaga

**Harshen Onondaga** (Onoñdaʼgegáʼ nigaweñoʼdeñʼ, [onũdaʔɡeɡáʔ niɡawẽnoʔ wine], a zahiri "Onondaga shine yarenmu") shine harshen Onondaga First Nation, ɗaya daga cikin kabilun asali guda biyar na League of the Iroquois (Haudenosaunee).

Ana magana da wannan yaren a Amurka da Kanada, da farko a wurin ajiya a tsakiyar Jihar New York da kusa da Ontario" id="mwGQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Brantford, Ontario">Brantford, Ontario.

## Amfani da sake farfadowa
A cewar UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger, akwai kimanin masu magana da harshen Onondaga 10 a New York, da kuma masu magana da asali 40 a cikin Six Nations Reserve a Ontario, Kanada.  Harshen ya zo cikin haɗari saboda matsin lamba don daidaitawa da Turanci a matsayin harshen iko. Har ila yau, daidaitawa ya faru a makarantun zama a duk faɗin Kanada a cikin 1800s zuwa 1900s.  hukunta yara maza da mata a makarantar zama ta Indiya ta Cibiyar Mohawk a Brantford, Ontario saboda amfani da yaren al'adunsu.

Cibiyar Harshen Kasa ta Onondaga (wanda ake kira Ne' Jawhadweñnayeñde'nha', ko "za su san yaren") ta shiga cikin kokarin farfado da harshe tun 2010. Yara suna koyon yaren Onondaga a makarantar Onondaga Nation School, kuma ana samun azuzuwan ga manya.  watan Satumbar 2015, an ba da sanarwar cewa manya goma sha biyar za su shiga cikin aji na cikakken lokaci a Onondaga, bayan haka za su zama malamai na harshe. A Kanada, Gawęnahwishe' Onzadega' wani aikin farfadowa ne wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin 2017 tare da sabbin masu koyon harshe guda shida. Shirin nutsewa  na manya wanda ke aiwatar da tsarin Hukumar Harshe ta Kasashe Shida (SNLC). Suna  hannu tare da fassara gidan rediyo na gida, suna sanya shirye-shirye tare da makarantun firamare da sakandare na gida, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru ga al'umma.

## Fasahar sauti
Wannan teburin yana nuna alamun (consonant) waɗanda ake samu a Onondaga.

Abubuwa biyu, ,  Sanya bayyanawa zuwa  da  a gaban wasula da resonants (jerin ƙasa na jadawalin da aka lakafta 'sonorant') kuma ana rubuta su a wannan yanayin. Akwai wadataccen palatalization da affrication a cikin harshe.

Onondaga yana da wasula biyar na baki, /i e o æ a/ ( wani lokacin ana wakilta shi a matsayin orthographically kamar yadda 意), da wasula biyu na hanci,  da  . Sanya rubuta wasula na hanci, suna bin al'adar Iroquoianist, tare da ogoneks a cikin wallafe-wallafen ilimi da kuma Ontario. A New York, ana wakilta su da waɗannan kalmomi. Sautin na iya zama gajere da tsawo. Lokacin da tsawon wasula ya samo asali ne daga ma'anar da ta ɓace yanzu *r, yana da sauti. Sanya rubuta tsawon sautin tare da maɓallin da ke biyowa, ko maɓallin maɓallin (rabi na maɓallin).
## Manazarta
Yaren Kubu

**Kubu** yare ne na Malayic da ake magana da shi a kudancin tsibirin Sumatra a Indonesia ta Mutanen Kubu (Orang Rimba), da yawa daga cikinsu makiyaya ne. Akwai digiri na bambancin yare.

A cikin Bukit Duabelas (Jambi), yaren Rimba yana da girma sosai, wanda da farko ya na da wuhala a fahimta.  Dunggio ya gabatar da wasu bambance-bambance a cikin keɓancewar Kubu. 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Harshen Kplang

**Kplang** yaren Guang ne na Ghana . Yana da ɗan alaƙa da harshen Chumburung, musamman tare da yaren makwabta.

## Nassoshi
Yaren Paiwan

**[[Mutanen Paiwan|Paiwan]]** yare ne na asali na Taiwan, wanda Paiwan, 'Yan asalin Taiwan suke magana. Paiwan yare ne na Formosan na dangin yaren Austronesian .  ila yau, yana ɗaya daga cikin yarukan ƙasa na Taiwan.

## Harsuna
A ganin bambance-bambance na Paiwan an raba su zuwa yankuna masu zuwa ta hanyar Ferrell.

* **A1** - kudu da tsakiya
** Kuɬaɬau (Kulalao) - an yi amfani da shi a cikin Ferrell's 1982 Paiwan Dictionary saboda yaduwar fahimta da adana bambance-bambance daban-daban; kuma ana magana da shi a ƙauyen Tjuabar, Gundumar Taitung, inda ake magana da Tjariḍik da "Tjuabar" (wanda ke da alaƙa da Tjavuaɬi).
** Kapaiwanan (Su-Paiwan) 
** Tjuaqatsiɬay (Kachirai) - yaren kudancin
* **A2** - tsakiya
** Sashen Riki
** Patɬjava (Ta-niao-wan) 
* **B1** - mafi arewa
** Tjukuvuɬ (Tokubun) 
** Kaviangan (Kapiyan) 
* **B2** - arewa maso yamma
** Tjaɬakavus (Chalaabus, Lai-yi) 
** Makazaya (Ma-chia) 
* **B3** - gabas da tsakiya
** Tjariḍik (Charilik) 
* **B4** - gabas
** Tjaɬvuai (Taimali) 
** Tjakuvukuvuɬ (Naibon, Chaoboobol) 

This classification were thought to be corrected by Cheng 2016 as below:

Lura: Wani ƙauye da ba a san shi ba na Vuculj / Ravar an sanya shi a ƙarƙashin Vuculz a nan. 

## Fasahar sauti
Kuljaljau Paiwan yana  23-24 consonants ( ana samunsa ne kawai a cikin kalmomin aro, kuma  ba a saba gani ba) da wasula 4. Ba kamar sauran Harsunan Formosan da suka haɗu da yawancin alamun Proto-Austronesian ba, Paiwan yana adana mafi yawan alamun Proto'Austronesien kuma saboda haka yana da mahimmanci don dalilai na sake ginawa.

Sautin Paiwan guda huɗu sune  . An rubuta  a cikin wallafe-wallafen.

A Arewacin Paiwan an rasa consonants na palatal, kodayake wannan kwanan nan ne kuma wasu masu magana da ra'ayin mazan jiya suna kula da su a matsayin bambance-bambance na allophonic (ba a matsayin sauti daban-daban ba).  yana da ƙarfi, ba kamar sauran yarukan Paiwan ba inda matsayinsa ba shi da tabbas, saboda ya samo asali ne daga *q.

## Manazarta
Harshen Kposo

Yaren **Kposo**, ko **Ikposo** ( ** ), shine harshen mutanen Akposso, galibi a yankin Plateau ta kasar Togo, a yammacin Atakpamé, har zuwa gabashin Ghana . Ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin harsunan tsaunin Ghana-Togo, amma ba shi da tsarin azuzuwan suna da ke a cikin wasu harsuna a cikin ƙungiyar. 

## Manazarta