Zeybek (dance)

**Zeybek** wata rawa ce ta gargajiya ta Turkiyya wadda ta samo asali daga Yankin Aegean na Turkiyya a zamanin Daular Usmaniyya . An yi ta ne ta hannun Zeybeks kuma an sanya mata suna, kuma daga baya Selim Sırrı Tarcan ya shahara a farkon karni na 20.  

Akwai nau'ikan rawa sama da 150 na yankuna daban-daban, tun daga rawar *ağır zeybek* mai jinkirin zuwa rawar *kıvrak zeybek* mai rai.  A yau, rawar Zeybek tana tsaye a matsayin alamar mutunci, alfahari, da jarumtaka a cikin al'adun Turkiyya, wacce aka runguma a bukukuwan aure da tarukan biki, da kuma mata saboda kyawawan motsinta masu ƙarfi da kuma nuna girmamawa da jarumtaka.

## Asalin Ma'anar
Kalmar zeybek an fara tabbatar da ita a cikin majiyoyin Ottoman na Turkiyya na ƙarni na 15, wanda ya bayyana a cikin tarihin Tevārīḫ-i Āl-i ʿOsmān na masanin tarihin Ottoman Aşıkpaşazade .

Duk da cewa ainihin asalinsa bai tabbata ba, an gabatar da ka'idoji da dama na asali, inda aka yi la'akari da asalin Turkawa a matsayin mafi daidaito. A cewar masanin kiɗan Turkiyya kuma mawaki Onur Akdoğu, zeybek ya samo asali ne daga tsohuwar mahaɗin Turkawa saybek, ma'ana "ubangiji mai ƙarfin hali", wanda aka samo asali daga cewa ("mai ƙarfi, jarumi") da kuma bek ("shugaba").  Wasu masana sun ba da shawarar wasu asalin Turkawa. Misali, farfesa Mehmet Öcal Özbilgin ya yi jayayya cewa kalmar ta samo asali ne daga kalmomin soja, waɗanda suka samo asali daga sü ("runduna") da bey / bek ("ubangiji"), don haka yana isar da ma'anar "shugaban sojoji."

Kalmar da abubuwan da suka samo asali daga gare ta suna bayyana a cikin al'adu daban-daban na maƙwabta, suna nuna tasirin tarihi na rawar Zeybek. A Girka, wani nau'in rawa mai kama da haka ana kiransa da Zeibekiko, wanda ya samo asali daga rawar Zeybek ta Turkiyya. An gabatar da ita ga babban yankin Girka ta hanyar Asiya Ƙananan Helenawa kuma ta sami karbuwa sosai bayan musayar al'umma tsakanin Girka da Turkiyya a 1923, daga ƙarshe ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan rawa a al'adun Girka .   A Albania, ana samun wata rawa mai suna "Zebekshe" a yankin Mat, inda aka siffanta ta da "rawan mayaƙan 'yanci" dangane da Zeybeks. Duk da haka, sigar Albaniya ba ta nuna kamanceceniya sosai ba a cikin salo da tsari daga takwaransa na Turkiyya. 

## Tarihi

### Asalin
Ɗaya daga cikin labaran farko game da rawar Zeybek ya samo asali ne daga ƙarni na 17, lokacin da matafiyi ɗan Turkiyya ɗan Ottoman Evliya Çelebi ya bayyana rawar gida a Manisa da Aydın a lokacin bukukuwa, yana lura da alamun yaƙi na musamman da kuma yanayin alfaharinsu.

Rawar ta samo asali ne daga Zeybeks, ƙungiyar sojoji marasa tsari na ƙarshen zamanin Ottoman.  Zeybeks sun fito a yankunan tsaunuka na Yammacin Anatolia a matsayin 'yan fashi a lokacin da gwamnati ta raunana.  Kamar sigar gargajiya ta Robin Hood ta Turkiyya, sun kare mazauna ƙauye daga masu mulkin mallaka da masu karɓar haraji, kuma sau da yawa suna raba dukiyar da aka karɓa daga masu kuɗi.  Saboda wannan dalili, ana ganinsu a matsayin mutane masu jarumtaka, jarumtaka, masu ƙarfin hali waɗanda ke tsayayya da rashin adalci. Suna da tsarin zamantakewa mai tsari. wanda ake kiran shugaban *efe*, yayin da aka san abokansa masu makamai da *kızan* .

Tun daga ƙarni na 19 zuwa gaba, an tura Zeybeks a matsayin rundunonin sojojin Ottoman marasa tsari saboda ƙwarewarsu ta tsaunuka, dabarun kwanton bauna, da kuma ƙwarewar ƙananan makamai.  Sun danne bore a Balkans, kuma sun yi yaƙi a manyan rikice-rikice kamar Yaƙin Rasha da Turkiyya na 1828-29, Yaƙin Crimea, da Yaƙin Rasha da Turkiyya na 1877-78, inda suka sami yabo saboda ƙwarewarsu ta soja da kuma aikin da suka yi a fagen daga.    A Yaƙin Duniya na 1, a matsayin wani ɓangare na Yaƙin 'Yancin Kan Turkiyya, sun sake yin aiki a matsayin marasa tsari, kuma sun zama babban harin Kuva-yi Milliye .   Shugabanni kamar Yörük Ali Efe, Çerkes Ethem, Atçalı Kel Mehmet Efe, Çakırcalı Mehmet Efe, da sauransu sun jagoranci yakin neman 'yan daba masu nasara a kan mamayar Girka kafin kafa Kungiyar Kasa ta Turkiyya .  Ta hanyar wadannan gwagwarmaya, Zeybeks sun zama jaruman kasa na kungiyar 'yancin kai.

A cikin *littafin "Asian Elements in Greek Civilization"* na shekarar 1927, Sir William Mitchell Ramsay ya bayyana Zeybeks kamar haka:Zeibek, ko kuma a da, wani matashin Baturke ne mai sauri daga ƙasar tsaunuka da ke kan kwarin Maeander, sanye da salon gargajiya na asali, tare da kayan yaƙi masu kisa da aka nuna a jikinsa da kuma a hannunsa ko bel ɗinsa. Bel ɗinsa ya kai zurfin ƙafa biyu, kuma wandonsa ya kai tsawon ƙafa ɗaya, yana kaiwa daga ƙasan kugu zuwa tsakiyar cinya, yayin da sauran jikinsa ke lulluɓe da riga, wani gajeren wando mai hannayen riga da aka kwance daga kafadu don wata manufa fiye da kewaye hannunsa (wanda zai raina kusan kamar hular Turai), manyan wando, da safa masu ban sha'awa, ko takalma marasa safa. Mutum ne mai kirki, yana shiga cikin ƙaramin birgewa don nuna isa fiye da riba, amma "mutumin kirki," kuma "mutum mafi girma" a cikin kalmomin Scotland. 

### Yaɗuwar Zeybek

Selim Sırrı Tarcan (1874–1956) malami ne, jami'in wasanni kuma ɗan siyasa wanda aka fi sani da kafa Kwamitin Wasannin Olympics na Ƙasa na Turkiyya, da kuma kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin masu bincike na farko kan rawar gargajiya ta Turkiyya, ciki har da Zeybek. A lokacin da yake aiki a Izmir a matsayin matashin jami'i a 1896, ya sami damar haɗuwa da Zeybeks. A cikin tarihin rayuwarsa, ya bayyana shekarunsa na hidima a Izmir kamar haka:A shekara ta 1313 (1895), Girkawa sun yi mana tawaye . A lokacin, na kammala karatuna a matsayin jami'i kuma aka tura ni Izmir. Ana samun ɗaukar ma'aikata ko'ina. Sojojin da aka ɗauka daga Manisa, Aydın, da Denizli sun yi ta kwarara cikin Izmir cikin raƙuman ruwa. Duk waɗannan sojoji Zeybeks ne, manya kamar bishiyoyin pine. Sun kafa sansani a Yeni Kale da Kadife Kale, suna yin atisaye da rana kuma suna rawa da Zeybek da tocila da daddare. A lokacin ne na shaida waɗannan raye-rayen kuma suka burge ni sosai. Bayan yaƙin, na ci gaba da zama a cikin kyakkyawan İzmir na tsawon shekaru huɗu. Duk lokacin da na sami dama, zan shirya wa Efe ta yi rawa tare da jagorancin manyan mutane a Aydın, Denizli, Manisa, da Akhisar, kuma zan yi ƙoƙarin yin koyi da su ta hanyar shiga. Tun lokacin da na bar İzmir, ban sake samun irin wannan damar yin rawar Zeybek ba. A shekarar 1909, Ma'aikatar Yaƙi ta tura shi zuwa Sweden don ya ƙware a fannin ilimin motsa jiki da wasanni. A lokacin da yake Sweden, ya sami damar bincika fannoni da dama na zamantakewa da al'adu, ciki har da al'adun gargajiya da rawa na Sweden, wanda hakan ya sa ya fara sha'awar al'adun gargajiya da kuma farfaɗo da raye-rayen gargajiya na Turkiyya. 

Bayan dawowarsa Daular Ottoman, ya yi tafiya zuwa larduna da dama na Anatolia kuma ya tattara fiye da raye-raye da waƙoƙin Zeybeks ɗari. A shekarar 1916, ya ƙirƙiri nasa rawar Zeybek a cikin wani tsari na waƙar da aka fi sani da Aydın "Sarı Zeybek" a lardin, tare da sabuwar hanyar da mata ke rawa tare da maza. Bayan kammala aikinsa, ya haɗa rawar a cikin shirye-shiryen makaranta, wasan kwaikwayo na jama'a, da al'adun gargajiya, yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye abubuwan gargajiya yayin da yake gabatar da ita ga masu sauraro da yawa. Rawar ta kuma jawo hankalin Mustafa Kemal Ataturk a shekarar 1925 a wani biki a Izmir, wanda ya sa Tarcan ya haɗa da sabon Zeybek a cikin tarin rawar Zeybek. Ta hanyar ƙoƙarinsa, Zeybek ya sauya daga rawar gargajiya ta yanki zuwa alamar alfaharin ƙasa, inda ya sami karɓuwa a duk faɗin Turkiyya. 

## Bambancin
An raba rawan Zeybek zuwa manyan rukuni biyu bisa ga saurin gudu da kuma aiki: 

**1. Ağır Zeybek (Slow Zeybek)** :

*Ağır Zeybek* wani nau'i ne mai ban sha'awa da girma wanda aka saba yi a lardunan İzmir, Aydın, Kütahya, Muğla, Manisa, da Afyon . Wani mai rawa ɗaya ko ƙaramin rukuni ne ke rawa a tsakiyar da'ira kafin fara wasan kwaikwayo. Babban mai rawa, wanda galibi ake girmamawa ko kuma wanda ya fi ƙwarewa a wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka fi sani da *efe*, yana fara wasan kwaikwayon da motsi mai sauƙi da ake kira *gezinleme* ("wasan tsere"), wanda ke nuna tabbacin kai, jarumtaka, da alfahari. An saita a cikin 9 2 ko 9 Tsarin rawa 9, *Ağır Zeybek* yana bayyana da motsin hannu mai faɗi, lanƙwasa gwiwa mai zurfi, da kuma dakatawa waɗanda ke nuna hangen nesa da iko. Waɗannan rawa suna tare da davul da zurna, ko kuma a wasu yankuna da bağlama . 

**2. Kıvrak Zeybek (Fast Zeybek)**

*Kıvrak Zeybek* wani nau'i ne mai raye-rayen raye-rayen da aka yi shi a Antalya, Burdur, Isparta, Mersin, Uşak, da Denizli, da kuma wasu sassan Muğla da Manisa . An bambanta ta wurin saurin saurin sa a cikin 9 8 ko 9 Waƙoƙi 9, yana da tsalle-tsalle masu kuzari, lanƙwasa gwiwa cikin sauri, girgiza kafada, da juyawa masu ƙarfi. Ba kamar *Ağır Zeybek* mai tsarki da aka auna ba, nau'in *Kıvrak* yana jaddada daidaiton rhythm da kuma salon wasan kwaikwayo, wanda galibi ana rawa tare maimakon kaɗaici. Kiɗan, wanda aka yi da kayan kida na davul da zurna ko na yanki kamar kabak kemane, yana tare da haɗakar wasa da kuma kiran murya na bazata ( *nara* ), yana ba wa rawan yanayi mai ban sha'awa da biki wanda ya ginu a yankunan Teke da na cikin Aegean . 

### Nau'o'in Yankuna
Akwai nau'ikan rawa sama da 150 na Zeybek a yankuna daban-daban, waɗanda aka saba yi a yankunan Aegean, Yammacin Bahar Rum, da sassan yankunan Tsakiya, Marmara da Yammacin Tekun Baƙar fata na Turkiyya.

#### Aydın
Ana ɗaukar Aydın a matsayin tushen rawar Zeybek, inda salon *ağır* ya mamaye. 
 

#### [[Izmir]]
  

## Tufafi

Tufafin maza na Zeybek an daidaita shi ne daga tufafin gargajiya na tarihi na Zeybeks. Duk da yake akwai bambance-bambance tsakanin larduna, yawanci ya haɗa da ƙaramin hular fez ko hula mai kama da rawani da ake kira *kavuk*, wanda aka yi wa ado da furanni ko zane, riga mai launin fari mai laushi ( *gömlek* ), da kuma rigar da aka yi wa ado ( *yelek* ) da aka sa a kan rigar. Doguwar riga mai faɗi, mai launi, da aka yi wa ado da aka sani da *kuşak* ana naɗe ta a kugu, ana amfani da ita don ɗaukar bindigogi ko wuƙaƙen yatagan . Tarin ya haɗa da gajerun wando masu jajayen kaya tare da gefuna masu tsari ( *şalvar* ), dogayen safa masu ado, da takalma baƙi ( *çizme* ). 

Tufafin mata na Zeybek ba su da yawa a tarihi, domin rawan Zeybek galibi maza ne ke yin ta. Duk da haka, nau'ikan mata sun bayyana a wasannin zamani. Waɗannan galibi suna da hular kai ta fure da aka lulluɓe da mayafin kai mai laushi, tare da kayan ado na zinare da aka ƙawata goshi, riga mai launin haske ( *gömlek* ), da kuma rigar Ottoman *mai launin üçetek* . Ana sa jaket ɗin velvet mai kyau ( *cepken* ) a kan rigar, tare da abin ɗaure bel mai launin toka mai kyau, da wando mai kyau *na şalvar* a ƙarƙashin rigar. Takalma masu laushi na fata baƙi tare da dogon safa fari suna cika rigar. 

## Duba kuma

* Afshar
* Jerin raye-raye
* Jerin raye-raye da aka tsara bisa ga ƙabilanci
* Kiɗan Turkiyya
* Zeibekiko, analog na Girka

## Manazarta