Marion Stokes

**Marion Marguerite Stokes** (née Butler; an haife ta a watan Nuwamba 25, 1929 - Disamba 14, 2012) ta kasance mai samar da talabijin ta Amurka, 'yar kasuwa, mai saka hannun jari, mai zanga-zangar kare hakkin bil'adama, mai fafutuka, mai kula da ɗakin karatu, kuma mai adana ɗaruruwan dubban sa'o'i na hotunan labarai na talabijin wanda ta kai shekaru 35, daga 1977 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2012,  a lokacin da take aiki da kadarori tarawa da raka'a uku.A cewar The Los Angeles Review of Books review na fim din rikodin fim na 2019, babban aikin Stokes na yin rikodin labaran sa'o'i 24 "yana da matsala mai mahimmanci ga muhimmancin adanawar 'yan tawaye. "

## Rayuwa ta farko
Marion Marguerite Butler, daga baya mai suna Marion Marguerites Stokes, an haife ta ne a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, 1929 a Germantown, Philadelphia .  Ta kammala karatu daga makarantar 'yan mata. Yayinda take budurwa, Stokes ta zama mai aiki a siyasa kuma tana da hannu tare da kungiyoyi masu yawa na hagu. Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Amurka ce ta nemi ta, wacce ta nemi bunkasa ta a matsayin mai yuwuwar jagora. Ta kasance shugabar Philadelphia na Kwamitin Fair Play for Cuba kuma ta shiga cikin Yunkurin kare hakkin bil'adama, ta shirya bas biyar daga Philadelphia don Maris a kan Washington don Ayyuka da 'Yanci da kuma shiga cikin kokarin kawar da Girard College.

Stokes ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da ɗakin karatu na Free Library na Philadelphia kusan kusan shekaru 20. A farkon shekarun 1960 an kore ta, mai yiwuwa saboda ayyukanta na siyasa.

A shekara ta 1960, ta auri malamin Melvin Metelits, wanda shi ma memba ne na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis, kuma suna da ɗa tare da shi. Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya ya sa ido kan Stokes, kuma ita da mijinta da ɗanta sun yi ƙoƙari su tsere daga Amurka kuma su sauya sheka zuwa Cuba. Sun shafe lokaci a Mexico suna jiran biza ta Cuban, amma ba su iya samun ɗaya ba. Metelits da Stokes sun rabu a tsakiyar shekarun 1960 lokacin da ɗansu yake da shekaru huɗu.

Ta kasance a cikin kwamitin kafa Ƙungiyar Mata ta Kasa.

Daga 1967 zuwa 1969, Stokes ta hada kai da shirin talabijin na Lahadi da safe a Philadelphia, Input, tare da mijinta John.Ta mayar da hankali kan Adalci na zamantakewa.

## Tarin abubuwa

### Talabijin
An kira Stokes majagaba da hangen nesa  wanda ya ba da yawancin rayuwarsa don adana tarihin talabijin. Babban burinta shine "kare gaskiya" daga labarai na karya da kuma barin mutane su tantance kayan da aka adana da gangan. Wasu shirye-shiryen da aka zaɓa da ta rubuta sune The Cosby Show,  *Kotun saki*,  Nightline,  *Star Trek*,  The *Oprah Winfrey Show*,  da The Today Show [4]

An shirya tafiye-tafiye na iyali tare da mijinta da 'ya'yanta a tsawon tef na VHS. Kowace sa'o'i shida, lokacin da kaset suka ƙare, Stokes da mijinta suna sauya su. Daga baya a rayuwa, lokacin da ba ta da sauri, Stokes ta horar da mataimaki don yin aikin a gare ta. Tarihin ya karu zuwa kusan 71,000 (asalin da aka ruwaito a matsayin 140,000 a cikin kafofin watsa labarai)   VHS da Betamax (har zuwa sa'o'i takwas kowannensu) an tara su a gidanta da gidajen da ta hayar kawai don adana su. 

Stokes ta fara aikin rikodin saboda ta gamsu cewa akwai cikakkun bayanai a cikin labarai a cikin haɗarin ɓacewa har abada. Ɗanta, Michael Metelits, ya gaya wa WNYC cewa Stokes "ya ba da dabi'un ajiyar ta na halitta ga aikin  ƙirƙirar ajiya].  Ta fara yin rikodin labarai ba tare da tsayawa ba a 1979 a lokacin rikicin Iran. [the] Wasu daga cikin tarin tef na Stokes sun kunshi ɗaukar hoto na 24/7 na Fox, MSNBC, CNN, C-SPAN, CNBC, da sauran cibiyoyin sadarwa - waɗanda aka rubuta a kan VCR guda takwas a cikin gidanta. Har ila yau an haɗa su da 1984 JVC VHS deck saita rikodin shirye-shirye na yau da kullun daga Boston a cikin tsarin Extended Play na sa'o'i shida. Rubuce-rubucen karshe na Stokes ya faru ne a ranar 14 ga Disamba, 2012, yayin da take mutuwa; ya kama ɗaukar hoto game da Kisan kiyashi na Sandy Hook .  

Tarin Stokes ba shine kawai misali na babban fim na talabijin ba, amma kulawarta wajen adana tarin ba sabon abu ba ne. Sanannun tarin irin wannan sikelin ba a kiyaye su da kyau ba kuma ba su da lokaci da kuma mayar da hankali ga gida.

### Kwamfutocin Macintosh
Stokes ya sayi kwamfutocin Macintosh da yawa. Har zuwa lokacin mutuwarta, 192 daga cikin kwamfutocin sun kasance a hannun ta. Stokes ya ajiye abubuwan da ba a buɗe su ba a cikin garage mai sarrafa yanayi don zuriya. Tarin, wanda aka yi hasashen yana daya daga cikin na karshe na yanayin da ya rage, an sayar da shi a kan eBay ga mai siye marar suna. Stokes ta saka hannun jari a hannun jari na Apple tare da babban birnin daga surukinta yayin da kamfanin ke ci gaba da tasowa. Daga baya, ta karfafa wa surukanta masu arziki su saka hannun jari a cikin Apple, shawarar da suka karɓa kuma suka amfana daga. Stokes daga nan ta ware wani ɓangare na ribar da ta samu ga aikin rikodin ta.

### Sauran
Stokes ya sami jaridu na yau da kullun da 100-150 na kowane wata,  wanda aka tattara na rabin karni.  Ta kuma tara littattafai 30,000-40,000. Metelits ya gaya wa WNYC cewa a tsakiyar shekarun 1970s iyalin suna yawan zuwa shagunan littattafai don siyan sabbin littattafai masu darajar $ 800. Ta kuma tattara kayan wasa da gidajen yar tsana.

## Kyauta
Stokes ta ba da dukan tarin tef ɗin ga ɗanta Michael Metelits, ba tare da wani umarni ba sai dai ya ba da gudummawa ga ƙungiyar agaji da ya zaɓa. Bayan la'akari da masu karɓar, Metelits ya ba da tarin ga Intanet Archive shekara guda bayan mutuwar Stokes. Ana buƙatar kwantena huɗu na jigilar kaya don motsa tarin zuwa hedikwatar Intanet Archive a San Francisco,  matakin da ya kashe dukiyarta $ 16,000.  Ita ce mafi girman tarin da Intanet Archive ta taɓa karɓa. Kungiyar ta amince da yin amfani da kundin, wani tsari da ake sa ran zai gudana gaba ɗaya a kan masu sa kai na yau da kullun, yana biyan dala miliyan 2 kuma yana ɗaukar injunan yin amfani da dijital 20 shekaru da yawa don kammalawa. Ya zuwa Afrilu 2022, aikin har yanzu bai cika ba, a wani bangare saboda rashin kudade.  

Wani shirin fim game da rayuwarta, Recorder: The Marion Stokes Project,  wanda Matt Wolf ya ba da umarni  kuma an fara shi a Bikin Tribeca na 2019 .  

Wani littafi da ke nuna hotuna da Wolf ya tattara daga sama da sa'o'i ɗari bakwai na kaset na Marion, mai taken Input, an buga shi a cikin Fall of 2023.

## Dubi kuma

* Tarihin Labaran Talabijin na Vanderbilt
* Bob Monkhouse § Film and television archive
* Jerin masu adana bayanai

## Manazarta