open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Jawahir Roble

**Jawahir Roble** MBE (an haifeta a shekara ta 1995), kuma aka fi sani da **Jawahir Jewels** ko **JJ**, alƙalin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Biritaniya ce haifaffiyar Somaliya . Jaridar *Daily Telegraph* ta kira ta "mafi kyawun alkalin wasa a Ingila". Ita da kanta ta ce, "Wane ne zai taba tunanin yarinya bakar fata, haifaffiyar Somalia, 'yar gudun hijira mai yara takwas za ta iya duba wasan maza a Ingila da hijabi?" .

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Jawahir Roble a Somaliya, kuma ta girma a arewa maso yammacin London tare da iyayenta da 'yan uwanta takwas. Ta ce, "Koyaushe muna buga ƙwallon ƙafa a lambu, cikin gida, waje, ko'ina".Roble musulma ce, kuma tana sanya hijabi a lokacin da take aikin alkalin wasa.

## Sana'a
A cikin 2014, tana da shekaru 19, ta zama mai mahimmanci game da yadda za a karfafa 'yan mata musulmi su buga kwallon kafa. A cikin 2013, ta sami kyautar £300, kuma ta sami damar haɗa Ciara Allan, jami'in ci gaban ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata da 'yan mata na karamar hukumar Middlesex. A cikin Satumba 2013, Allen ya ƙaddamar da Ƙungiyar Mata ta Middlesex ta FA tare da sabon sashin Desi ga 'yan mata. Dangane da wasannin alkalan wasa kowane mako, FA ta Middlesex ta ba da tallafin horon alkalin wasa na Roble.

A cikin 2017, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin goma sha ɗaya da suka samu lambar yabo a Kyautar Girmamawa, kuma ta karɓi lambar yabo ta Match Official. Kyautar Roble ta kasance ne don karramawa da aikin sa kai da ta yi na kungiyar agajin ilimi Football Beyond Borders (FBB) da kuma kungiyar Middlesex FA, wacce ta horar da kungiyar mata ta farko ta FBB, da kuma samun nasarar cancantar alkalin wasa mataki na shida. Ita ce shugabar matasa ta FA.

Ta ce, “Hakika sun yi mamakin ganin wata yarinya musulma tana alkalanci! Ni ɗan gajere ne kuma don haka suna kama da 'lafiya, me wannan yaron yake yi a nan'. ".

## hangen nesa
A cikin 2014, Roble yana da shekaru 19 ya rubuta,Ina da burin cewa wata rana 'yan uwana musulmi za su yi wasa cikin farin ciki. Burina shi ne in shagaltar da ’yan mata Musulmi zuwa wasanni tun daga shekara 8 zuwa 15. Buri na gaba ɗaya shine in haɓaka ƙwallon ƙafa a matsayin kayan aiki don haɗa kanan mata sannan kuma in gudanar da tarurrukan bita waɗanda ke taimakawa haɓaka ƙwarewar haɗin gwiwa, haɓaka kwarin gwiwa da haɓaka salon rayuwa mai kyau.

## Daraja da karramawa
An gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 100 na BBC na 2019.

An nada Roble Memba na Order of the British Empire (MBE) a cikin Sabuwar Shekarar Girmamawa ta 2023 don hidimar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa.

## Nassoshi
Segun Agbaje

**Segun Agbaje** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1964) shi ne Babban Jami’in Gudanarwa na Kamfanin Guaranty Trust Holding Company Plc (wanda kuma aka sani da GTCO PLC) gungiyar sabis na kudi ta kasa da kasa, wacce ke ba da dillalan banki da saka hannun jari, sarrafa fensho, sarrafa kadara da sabis na biyan kudi, wanda ke da hedkwata a Victoria. Island, Lagos, Nigeria. Shi ne kuma Darakta na PepsiCo  kuma memba na Hukumar Shawarwari ta Mastercard, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Afirka. 

## Ilimi
Segun Agbaje ya halarci Kwalejin St Gregory, Obalende, Jihar Legas, Najeriya, da St Augustine Academy, Kent, Ingila, don karatun sakandare. Daga nan ya wuce Jami'ar San Francisco, California, inda ya sami digiri na farko na Accounting da Master of Business Administration.

## Sana'a
Segun Agbaje ya fara aikinsa yana aiki da Ernst &amp;amp; Young a San Francisco kuma ya bari a shekarar 1991 don komawa GTBank. Ya tashi cikin matsayi har ya zama Babban Darakta a cikin watan Janairu 2000, kuma Mataimakin Manajan Darakta a cikin watan Agusta 2002. 

An nada Agbaje a matsayin Babban Darakta na Kamfanin Guaranty Trust Holding Company a watan Agustan 2021 bayan ya sauka daga mukaminsa na Manajan Daraktan Bankin Guaranty Trust. Agbaje wanda aka nada babban Manajan Daraktan Bankin Guaranty Trust a watan Yunin 2011 bayan rasuwar Tayo Aderinokun, ya mika ragamar Bankin ga Miriam Olusanya a watan Agustan 2021.

An zabi Agbaje a matsayin kwamitin gudanarwa da kwamitin tantancewa na PepsiCo mai tasiri a ranar 15 ga watan Yuli 2020. 

Kyaututtukan da GTBank ya samu a karkashin jagorancin Agbaje sun hada da Best Bank a Najeriya ta Euromoney; Gwarzon Bankin Afirka ta Kyautar Bankin Afirka; Mafi kyawun Banki a Najeriya ta Duniya Finance UK; Yawancin Bankin Innovative ta EMEA Finance; Mafi kyawun Rukunin Banki na Mujallar Jagoran Kasuwancin Duniya da Kyautar Bankin Banki mafi kyau a Najeriya ta Bankin Awards. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An haifi Segun ga Cif Julius Kosebinu Agbaje, ma’aikacin banki, da Mrs. Margaret Olabisi Agbaje, malama. Kanensa shine dan siyasan jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party Legas, Jimi Agbaje. 

## Manazarta
Salma Maulidi

**Salma Maoulidi** ‘yar kasar Tanzaniya ce mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata, kuma babbar darektar gidauniyar SahibaSisters, cibiyar gwagwarmayar mata ta farko a Tanzaniya. Gidauniyar Heinrich Böll ta kira ta "wata mai fafutukar neman ilimi da zamantakewar jama'a da ke da tushe a cikin yunkurin mata da na fararen hula a yankin da kuma duniya baki daya ta hanyar alkawarin 'yantar da damar dan Adam". 

## Sana'arta
Maoulidi memba ce na kwamitin sake duba tsarin mulkin Tanzaniya, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 2011, mai wakiltar tsibirin Zanzibar . 

Maoulidi ita ce babbar darektan gidauniyar SahibaSisters, cibiyar gwagwarmayar mata ta farko ta Tanzaniya, wacce aka kafa a ranar mata ta duniya, 8 Maris 2017. 

Maoulidi abokiyar EASUN ne. 

Maoulidi memba ce na "kungiyar tunani" kan Zaɓe da Canjin Siyasa a Gabashin Afirka, wanda Cibiyar Bincike da Albarkatun Afirka (ARRF) ta daidaita. 

Gidauniyar Heinrich Böll ta kira ta "da mai fafutukar neman ilimi da zamantakewar jama'a da ke da tushe a cikin yunkurin mata da na fararen hula a yankin da kuma duniya baki daya ta hanyar alkawarin 'yantar da damar dan Adam". 

## Nassoshi
Sana Ben Achour

**Sana Ben Achour** ( , an haifeta a shekara ta 1955) masaniyar ilimi ce 'yar Tunisiya, lauya kuma mai fafutuka, kuma kwararriya a fannin shari'a. Ita farfesa ce a fannin shari'a a Faculty of Legal, Political and Social Sciences a Jami'ar Carthage. Tana aiki a ƙungiyoyin mata da yawa, kuma ta kafa mafakar mata.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Sana Ben Achour a La Marsa, Tunisia a 1955, 'yar masanin tauhidi Mohamed Fadhel Ben Achour (1909-1970). Ita ce 'yar'uwar Rafâa da Yadh Ben Achour.

## Sana'a
Aikin Ben Achour ta mayar da hankali ne kan ilimin shari'a da bincike na kimiyya a fannin shari'a, kuma aikinta ya shafi manyan fannoni hudu: birane da al'adun gargajiya, dokokin Tunisiya a lokacin mulkin mallaka, matsayi na mata, dimokiradiyya da 'yancin walwala.

An mata fafutukar himma ga daidaito da zama dan kasa, ta hannu da dama kungiyoyin: Tunisia Association of Democratic Women (Association tunisienne des femmes démocrates - ATFD), wanda ta kasance shugaban kasa, da Association of University Women for Research and Development, da kuma Daidaiton Maghreb 95 na gama gari .  Ita mamba ce a babban kwamitin kare hakkin dan Adam da 'yancin walwala, kuma mamba ce ta kafa majalisar 'yanci ta kasa a Tunisiya .

In 2012, she founded a  refuge shelter, Beity (translation: *My Home*), for single mothers and other women in need, including poor and abused women. Ben Achour is also a  member of the Tunisian human rights League.

A cikin 2015, an haɗa ta a cikin Mata 100 na BBC,  suna bikin matan ƙarni na 21 a duk duniya.

A watan Agustan 2016, ta ki karbar odar Jamhuriyar daga shugaban kasar Tunisia, Béji Caïd Essebsi don nuna rashin amincewa da yadda ake cin zarafin mata a kasarta.

## Labarai

* *Tashin hankali a l'égard des femmes: les lois du genre*, Tunis, Réseau euro-méditerranéen des droits de l'homme, 2016
* *Dictionnaire des termes et des expressions de la constitution tunisienne*, Tunis, Faculté des sciences juridiques de Tunis, 2017, (Tare da Rafâa Ben Achour, Sarra Maaouia Kacem, Mouna Kraiem Dridi et Amira Chaouch)

## Nassoshi
Francis Adefarakanmi Agbede

**Francis Adefarakanmi Agbede** wanda aka fi sani da **Oba Ilufemiloye Ogidi III**, dan Najeriya ne kuma ɗan ƙabilar Yoruba ne hamshakin dan kasuwa ne kuma sarki wanda ya kasance Sarki na 13, ko *Olowa* na garin Igbara-oke, Jihar Ondo tun a shekarar 2017. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Yuli 1954 a cikin daular Ogidi ga Cif Ezekiel Abiodun Agbede, wanda dan sanda ne, da mahaifiyarsa, Mrs. Florence Agbede, yar kasuwa. Kakanninsa su ne Yarima Joseph Famibio Agbede da Olori Alice Arabi Agbede. Kakan mahaifinsa shine Oba Adejuri Ogidi I, Olowa na 7 na Igbara Oke. Kawunsa shi ne Oba Aderibigbe Agbede Ogidi II, wanda shi ne Olowa na 11 na Igbara-Oke. Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Baptist a Kaduna sannan ya wuce makarantar Anglican Grammar School a Igbara-Oke. Ya yi digiri a fannin kasuwanci a Jami'ar Bayero, Kano, Nigeria, sannan ya yi karatun digiri na biyu a kasashen waje. 

Ya yi aiki a matsayin malami, gudanarwa, akawu da kuma mai ba da shawara kan tsaro da leken asiri. Shi ne Shugaban Kamfanin Crown Continental Limited.

Shi memba ne na kungiyoyi masu sana'a daban-daban; Memba na Ƙungiyar Tsaron Masana'antu ta Amirka, MASIS; Memba, Cibiyar Gudanarwa ta Najeriya, MNIM; Memba, Cibiyar Gudanarwa ta Burtaniya Chartered, MBCIM; Memba na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Duniya, MWAD; Abokin Cibiyar Jarabawar Zamba ta Najeriya, Makarantar Fadakarwa ta Afirka, Jami'ar Babcock; Fellow, Certified Institute of Management, FCIM.

## Manazarta
Vida de Voss

**Vida V. de Voss** yar gwagwarmayar mata ce ta Namibiyan, shugabar kungiyar mata ta Namibiyan Sister Namibia, kuma malama a cikin adabin Turanci a Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Namibia .

## Ilimi

De Voss ta sami digirinta na biyu a fannin falsafa daga Jami'ar Stellenbosch a 2006, kuma karatun digirinta na kan layi, *Emmanuel Levinas akan ɗa'a a matsayin gaskiya ta farko* .  A cikin 2010, ta sami digirinta na biyu a cikin adabin Ingilishi daga Jami'ar Jihar Iowa, kuma rubutunta yana da taken *Kalubalen Identity a cikin "Aljannar"  Toni Morrison* . 

## Sana'arta
De Voss ta kasance malama a cikin adabin Ingilishi a Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Namibia tun daga shekara ta 2013. 

De Voss itace  darektan ' yar'uwar Namibia, ƙungiyar mata da kuma mawallafiyar  mujallar mai suna (wanda aka fara bugawa a shekara ta 1989), wanda ke a Windhoek .   De Voss kuma ta kasance bakuwa mai jawabi a Jami'ar Namibia da ke Windhoek.  A cikin Maris 2016, ta yi magana da masu sauraron ɗaruruwan mata a wani taro a Windhoek's Safari Court Hotel don tunawa da ranar mata ta duniya . 

## Nassoshi
Everjoice Nasara

**Everjoice Win** (an haife ta 12 Fabrairu 1965) yar gwagwarmayar mata ce ta Zimbabwe, kuma shugabar kasa da kasa na Action Aid International .

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Everjoice Win a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu 1965 a Shurugwi, Rhodesia (yanzu Zimbabwe). A cikin 1988, ta sami digiri na farko a tarihin tattalin arziki daga Jami'ar Zimbabwe.

## Sana'a
Daga 1989 zuwa 1993, Win ya yi aiki ga Ƙungiyar Ayyukan Mata .

A cikin 1992, tare da Terri Barnes, Win da aka buga *Don Rayuwa Mai Kyau: Tarihin Baka na Mata a cikin Birnin Harare, 1930-70*.

Daga 1993 zuwa 1997, Win ta kasance darektan shirye-shirye na reshen Zimbabwe na mata a cikin doka da ci gaba a Afirka (WiLDAF). A shekarar 1997, ta kasance daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa Majalisar Tsarin Mulki ta kasar Zimbabwe .

Daga 2002 zuwa 2003, Win ya kasance mai magana da yawun Rikicin a Hadakar Zimbabwe .  

Daga 2004 zuwa 2007, Win ta kasance memba na hukumar Haƙƙin Mata a Ci Gaba (AWID), a Toronto, Kanada.

Win itace shugaban kasa da kasa / darektan shirye-shirye na kasa da kasa da sa hannu na duniya don ActionAid International tun 2002. Ita ce Daraktar Shirye-shiryen Duniya a ActionAid.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Win tana zaune a Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu.

## Labarai

* *Don Rayuwa Mai Kyau: Tarihin Baka na Mata a cikin Birnin Harare, 1930-70* (Littattafan Baobab, 1992)

## Nassoshi
Judith Kanakuze

**Judith Kanakuze** (Satumba 19, 1959 - Fabrairu 7, 2010) 'yar siyasa ce 'yar ƙasar Ruwanda kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata da aka fi sani da zartar da doka kan cin zarafin jinsi, gami fito da ma'anar fyade a mataki na farko a Ruwanda, da bayar da gudummawar adadin jinsi na tsarin mulki wanda ya bukaci wakilcin mata ga hukumomin gwamnati. Ta yi aiki a fannoni da yawa, ciki har da abinci mai gina jiki da aikin gwamnati, kafin ta zama fitacciyar shugabar mata bayan kisan kiyashin da aka yi a Rwanda a 1994, inda ta rasa yawancin danginta. Kanakuze ta kafa ƙungiyar mata ta farko  kuma ta wakilci muradun mata a yarjejeniyar Arusha da kuma kwamitin Ruwanda don kafa tsarin mulki. Ƙididdigar jinsi da ke buƙatar mata su haɗa aƙalla kashi 30 cikin 100 na hukumomin gwamnati daga baya cikin sauri ta sa shigar mata ya zarce adadin da aka keɓe a majalisa. An zabe ta a Majalisar a 2003 kuma an sake zaben ta karo na biyu a 2008. A lokacin wa'adinta, ta jagoranci taron 'ƙungiyar yan majalisa mata na Rwanda.

## Manazarta
Souad Bendjaballah

**Souad Bendjaballah** lauya ce 'yar kasar Aljeriya, mai fafutukar kare hakkokin mata kuma 'yar siyasa.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Souad memba ne na ƙungiyar bincike *Tarihin mata a Bahar Rum* tare da Fatima-Zohra Guechi kuma ta halarci wannan taron a watan Nuwamba 1999 a Jami'ar Constantine 1.  A ranar 8 ga watan Oktoba, 2003, an nada ta Ministar Delegate ga Ministan Ilimi mataki na sama, mai kula da binciken kimiyya . Ta rike wannan matsayi har zuwa shekarar 2012. A ranar 4 ga Satumba, 2012, an naɗa ta Ministar Haɗin kai, Iyali da Matsayin Mata a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Abdelmalek Sellal. An sake naɗa ta kan mukamin a karkashin gwamnati ta biyu ta Abdelmalek Sellal yayin da aka yi kwaskwarima na Satumba 11, 2013. Ta rike wannan matsayi har zuwa watan Mayun na shekarar 2014.

A shekarar 2017 ta kasance ministar hadin kai.

## Manazarta
Asifa Quraishi

**Asifa Bano Quraishi**  (aka Asifa Quraishi-Landes) (an haife ta a watan Yuli 17, 1967) ba'amurkiya ce malama ce kuma masaniyar shari'a. Ita farfesa ce a fannin shari'a a Jami'ar Wisconsin-Madison, inda take koyar da kwasa-kwasan shari'ar Musulunci da dokokin tsarin mulkin Amurka. Ta yi aiki a matsayin magatakardar shari'a a kotunan tarayya ta Amurka. Littattafanta na baya-bayan nan suna magana ne kan batutuwan da suka shafi tsarin mulkin Musulunci, dangane da batun raba ikon shari'a da kuma hanyoyin tafsirin nafsi. Quraishi ta kuma rubuta labarai ga kafafen yada labarai irin su *The Washington Post* da *Middle East Eye* da ke bayani kan lamura da batutuwan da suka shafi Musulunci.   

Quraishi memba ce a kwamitin kafa kungiyar lauyoyin musulmi ta kasa (NAML), kungiyar 'yar uwarta ta Muslim Advocates, da ke San Francisco, da kuma Musulman Amurkawa akan Koyo da Activism (AMILA). Ita ma yar uwa ce a kungiyar mata musulmai, kuma ta taba zama shugabar kungiyar matan musulmi.

Quraishi ya sami zama mabiyi ga Guggenheim a 2012.

## Manazarta
Asma Afsaruddin

**Asma Afsaruddin** an haife ta ne shekara ta  alif 1958. Ba’larabiya ce ƙwararriyar masaniyar ilimin addinin musulunci   kuma Farfesa a Sashen Harsuna da Al’adu na Gabas ta Tsakiya a Jami’ar Indiana da ke Bloomington.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Ta kasance mai matsayin mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin Larabci da karatun Islama a Jami'ar Notre Dame, Indiana. Ta taba koyarwa a Jami'ar Harvard da Jami'ar Johns Hopkins, daga nan ta sami digiri na uku a 1993. Fannin nata na musamman sun hada da tunanin addini da siyasa na Musulunci, nazarin nassosin Musulunci na farko (Alkur'ani da hadisi), da kuma nazarin jinsi.

Afsaruddin ya kasance memban kwamitin edita na Ƙungiyar Nazarin Gabas ta Tsakiya, wanda Jami'ar Cambridge ta buga. Ta kasance editan Rutledge Encyclopedia of Medieval Islamic Civilization kuma mai ba da shawara ga The Oxford Dictionary of Islam (2002).

Afsaruddin shine shugaban cibiyar nazarin addinin musulunci da dimokuradiyya na kwamitin gudanarwa. Har ila yau, tana zama a cikin kwamitocin ba da shawara ga Ƙungiyar Musulmi ta Duniya ta Cibiyar Aminci ta Amurka da kuma kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama Karamah.

## Manazarta
Celene Ibrahim

**Celene Ibrahim** Malamar Musulunci ce ba’amurkiya. A halin yanzu tana hidima a matsayin memba a Sashen Nazarin Addini da Falsafa a Makarantar Groton.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Ibrahim ta kammala karatunta ne a Jami’ar Princeton da digirin digirgir (BA) a Near Eastern Studies, kuma itace mace ta farko da ta samu digirin digirgir daga Jami’ar Harvard tare da mai da hankali kan ilimin addinin Musulunci da jagoranci na Musulmi. Ta samu digirin digirgir ne saboda aikin da ta yi kan wayewar Larabci da Musulunci, haka kuma ta samu digirin digirgir a fannin ilmin mata da jinsi da kuma karatun Gabas da Yahudanci daga Jami'ar Brandeis. Ta yi aiki a matsayin limamiyar coci a Jami'ar Tufts kuma ta kasance malamar addinin musulunci a cikin fokaltin Andover Newton Theological School and Hebrew College.

## Manazarta
Laleh Bakhtiar

**Laleh Mehree Bakhtiar** (an haife ta a **Mary Nell Bakhtiar** ; 29 ga Yuli, 1938 - Oktoba 18, 2020) Ba'amurkiya  'yar Islama ce kuma masaniyar Sufi, marubuci, mai fassara, kuma masaniyar ilimin halayyar ɗan adam.  Ta fitar da fassarar tsaka-tsakin jinsi, *The Sublime Quran*, kuma ta kalubalanci matsayin da ake ciki a kalmar Larabci *daraba*, wadda aka fassara a al'adance da "bugu" - kalmar da ta ce an yi amfani da ita a matsayin hujja don cin zarafin mata musulmai.

## Manazarta
Mariya Ulfah

**Maria Ulfah** (    ; an haife ta a 21 Disamba 1955) 'yar Indonesian qāriʾah ce (mai karatun Alqur'ani ) kuma manajan Cibiyar Cigaban Karatun Alƙur'ani ta Tsakiya. Ita ce ta lashe gasar karatun kur'ani ta kasar Indonesiya guda biyu, kuma duniya ta amince da ita a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan ƙwararrun makaranta Alƙur'ani kuma malaman karatun qira'a a duniya.    Ita ma malama ce a Cibiyar Nazarin Ƙur'ani a Jami'ar Musulunci ta Kasa da ke Indonesia,   sannan kuma mace ta farko da ta samu lambar yabo ta karatun Ƙur'ani ta duniya a Malaysia a 1980. Ana yi mata kallon babbar mace a fagen duniya, kuma ana kiranta da babbar mace mai karatun Kur'ani a kudu maso gabashin Asiya.

## Manazarta
Merryl Wyn Davies

**Merryl Wyn Davies** (23 ga Yuni 1948 - 1 ga Fabrairu 2021) malama ce musulma 'yar ƙasar Wales, marubuciya kuma mai watsa labarai wanda ta kware a Musulunci, kuma marubuciyar littattafai da labarai tare da Ziauddin Sardar. Ma'auni na ilimin ɗan adam na Musulunci, ta kasance darektan Cibiyar Muslim, London.

## Manazarta
Fam na Zambia

**Fam** shine kudin Zambia daga samun 'yancin kai a 1964 har zuwa raguwa a ranar 16 ga Janairu, 1968. An raba shi zuwa 20 *shillings*, kowanne daga 12 *pence* .

## Tarihi
Fam na Zambia ya maye gurbin fam na Rhodesia da Nyasaland daidai. An daidaita shi da 1:1 zuwa Sterling kuma an maye gurbinsa da kwacha a farashin £1 = ZK2 ko ZK1 = 10/-.

## Tsabar kudi
A cikin 1964, an gabatar da tsabar kudi na cupro-nickel 6d, 1/- da 2/- tsabar kudi, sannan kuma tsabar kudi 5/- a 1965, da rami, tsabar tsabar tagulla 1d a 1966.

## Bayanan banki
A cikin 1964, Bankin Zambia ya gabatar da bayanin kula a cikin ƙungiyoyin 10/-, £1 da £5.

## Nassoshi
Tsabar kudin bond na Zimbabwe

Bankin Reserve na Zimbabwe ya fara fitar da **tsabar kudi na Zimbabwe** a ranar 18 ga Disamba 2014. Ana tallafa wa tsabar kuɗin ta hanyar dalar Amurka miliyan 50 da Afreximbank (Bankin Shigo da Fitar da Fitar da Ƙasar Afirka) ya miƙa wa Bankin Reserve na Zimbabwe. Ya zuwa yau an fitar da tsabar kudi da suka kai dalar Amurka miliyan 15 daga cikin dala miliyan 50 da ake da su. An fara fitar da tsabar kuɗin a cikin ƙungiyoyin 1, 5, 10, da 25 kuma an haɗa su da ƙimar da ta dace a cikin dalar Amurka. An fitar da tsabar kuɗin cent 50 a cikin Maris 2015. 

Ana fitar da tsabar kuɗin ne don magance rashin ɗan ƙaramin canji sakamakon rashin ingantaccen kwantiragi da Amurka, Afirka ta Kudu ko kuma wasu ƙasashe da yawa waɗanda ake amfani da kuɗaɗensu, gami da dalar Amurka da Yuro a cikin mutane da yawa. -Tsarin kudin da ya taso a cikin 2009, lokacin da Zimbabwe ta yi watsi da dalar Zimbabwe a matsayin martani ga hauhawar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da yawa. Tattalin arzikin Zimbabwe yana da rauni sosai kuma ba zai iya biyan kudin ruwa ba wanda zai zo tare da kwangilar kwace mulki, kasar ta zabi maimakon aiwatar da yanayin hada-hadar kudi bisa dalar Amurka. Koyaya, wannan tsari yana nufin ƙarancin ɗan canji a tsabar kuɗi.

Hankalin jama'a game da kuɗaɗen lamuni na da matuƙar shakku, tare da fargabar cewa matakin farko ne da gwamnati ta ɗauka na sake dawo da dalar Zimbabwe da ba ta da tabbas.   John Mangudya, gwamnan babban bankin kasar Zimbabwe, ya musanta cewa ana sake dawo da dalar Zimbabwe.

Tsabar kudin, wanda aka buga a Mint na Afirka ta Kudu a Pretoria,  su ne tsabar kudin Zimbabwe na farko tun 2003.

An fitar da tsabar tsabar kuɗin dala ɗaya na bimetallic akan 28 Nuwamba 2016  tare da bayanan lamuni na Zimbabwe na dala biyu da biyar.  An fitar da tsabar tsabar kuɗin dala biyu na bimetallic a cikin 2019, kuma tana yawo tare da kwatankwacin bayanin kuɗin sa a wurare dabam dabam. 

## Tsabar kudi a cikin Da'ira

## Bond tsabar kudi da dalar RTGS
A cikin watan Fabrairun 2019, Gwamnan RBZ, ya sanar da cewa tsabar kudi za ta kasance wani ɓangare na "darajar" da ta ƙunshi sabon kuɗin da za a ƙara a cikin kasuwar Zimbabwe, dala na Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS).

## Nassoshi
Siti Noordjannah Djohantini

**Siti Noordjannah Djohantini** (an haife ta 15 ga watan Agusta 1958) mace ce Malamar Musulunci daga ƙasarIndonesiya a halin yanzu tana hidimar wa'adinta na biyu a matsayin shugabar Aisyiyah, kungiyar Musulmi mata ta farko a Indonesia. An zabe ta a karo na biyu a matsayin shugabar a ranar 6 ga watan Agusta 2015, a ranar da aka zabi mijinta Haedar Nashir a wa'adinsa na farko na shugaban Muhammadiyya. Ita ce kuma wacce ta kafa Yasanti, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta mai kare hakkin ma'aikata mata ta Indonesia.

Djohantini ya taso ne a gidan da ke da himma a kungiyoyin farar hula na Musulunci. Ta halarci makarantun Muhammadiyya tun daga matakin firamare har zuwa sakandare, ta kasance mataimakiyar shugabar reshen daliban Muhammadiyya daga shekarar 1983 zuwa 1986, ta kasance shugabar kungiyar matasan Aisyyah daga shekarar 1990 zuwa 1995, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin malama a Makarantar Koyar da Tattalin Arziki ta Jami'ar Muhammadiya ta Yogyakarta.

## Manazarta
Siti Chamamah Soeratno

**Siti Chamamah Soeratno** mace ce malamar Musulunci daga ƙasar Indonesiya kuma tsohuwar shugabar kungiyar Aisyiyah, kungiyar zallan Musulmi mata ta farko a Indonesia. Ita ce kuma tsohuwar shugabar jami'ar Muhammadiya ta Malang kuma kwararriya kan adabin Indonesia. Ta yi aiki a matsayin malama a Jami'ar Leiden, Jami'ar Mercu Buana, Jami'ar Sebelas Maret da kuma Jami'ar Jihar Yogyakarta da sauransu.

Shigar Soeratno kungiyoyin Islama ya fara ne tun farkon rayuwarta. Ta halarci makarantar sakandire ta Muhammadiyya kuma ta zama shugabar kungiyar matasan Aisiyyah a shekarar 1965. Ita ce mai ba da goyon baya ga musuluntar da ilimi, da ra'ayin cewa manufar "Musulunci" ya kamata ya koma fiye da ayyuka na addini kuma ya kamata ya haɗa da duk wani nau'i na rayuwa da kuma magana ga dimokuradiyya, daidaito, adalci da ka'idojin 'yanci kamar " Dabi’un Musulunci."

## Manazarta
Rupee na Zanzibar

**Rupe** (    ) ya kasance kudin Zanzibar daga 1908 zuwa Disamba 31, 1935. An raba shi zuwa *cents* 100 (Larabci: سنت).

## Tarihi
Rupee ya maye gurbin riyal Zanzibari akan kudi 2⅛ rupees = 1 ryal kuma yayi dai-dai da Rupe na Indiya, wanda shima yana cikin yawo. Rupe na Zanzibari ya kasance daidai da na Indiya kuma an maye gurbinsa a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1936, da shilling na Gabashin Afirka a farashin 1½ shilling na Gabashin Afirka = 1 rupee Zanzibari.

## Tsabar kudi
An ƙaddamar da tsabar tagulla a cikin 1908 a cikin ƙungiyoyin 1 da 10, tare da nickel 20 cents. Ba a sake yin wasu batutuwa na tsabar kudi ba.

## Takardun kuɗi
A cikin 1908, gwamnatin Zanzibar ta gabatar da takardun banki a cikin ƙungiyoyin 5, 10, 20, da 100 rupees.  An ƙara bayanin kula na 50- da 500-rupee a cikin 1916, kuma an ba da bayanan 1-rupee a cikin 1920. An janye dukkan bayanan Zanzibari a cikin 1936. Duk waɗannan bayanan kula ba su da yawa kuma suna da kima.

## Manazarta
1-http://www.banknotebook.com/

1-https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Catalog_of_World_Coins

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Tarihin Zanzibar
* https://web.archive.org/web/20051214152445/http://www.zanzinet.org/zanzibar/history/historia.html
Takardun kudin bond na Zimbabwe

**Takardun lamuni na Zimbabwe** wani nau'i ne na takardar kuɗi da ake yaɗawa a Zimbabwe. Babban bankin kasar Zimbabwe ne ya fitar da bayanan, an bayyana cewa ba kudi ba ne a kanta, sai dai a matsayin kudi na doka a kusa da kudin da aka yi daidai da dalar Amurka . A cikin 2014, kafin a saki bayanin kula, jerin tsabar kuɗi sun shiga wurare dabam dabam.

## Tarihi
A watan Nuwambar 2016, da tallafin dalar  daga Bankin shigo da kayayyaki na Afirka, Bankin Reserve na Zimbabwe ya fara ba da takardun lamuni na $2. 

Bayan watanni biyu, an kuma fitar da sabbin takardun lamuni na . Sauran tsare-tsare na $10 da $20 gwamnan Babban Bankin Reserve John Mangudya ya yi watsi da shi. 

Jama'ar Zimbabwe ba su yarda da bayanan ba gaba ɗaya,   don haka gwamnati ta yi ƙoƙarin faɗaɗa wadatar kuɗaɗen lantarki da ba da takardar kuɗaɗen Baitulmali maimakon.  

Har yanzu dai ana ci gaba da yawo a cikin 2018, duk da cewa tsohon Ministan Kudi, Tendai Biti ya ce a yi musu shari'a, saboda ana tuhumar su. A yakin neman zaben shekarar 2018, takardun lamuni sun zama batun siyasa, inda jam'iyyar MDC ta yi kira da a maye gurbinsu da 'kudi na gaske'.

Duk da bayanin da ake dangantawa da dalar Amurka, darajarsu, kamar tsohuwar dalar Zimbabwe, tana durkushewa, tare da yin mu'amalar yau da kullun ta hanyar amfani da adadin kuɗin dala $3 zuwa  1  a watan Janairun 2019 da sama da dalar Amurka 90 zuwa  . Nuwamba 2020.  Tun daga watan Agusta 2022, ƙimar juzu'i shine $361.9 bayanin haɗin gwiwa zuwa $1 US.

## Bayanan kula

## Bayanan Bond da dalar RTGS
A watan Fabrairun 2019, Gwamnan RBZ ya ba da sanarwar cewa takardun lamuni za su kasance wani ɓangare na "darajar" da ta ƙunshi sabon kuɗin da za a ƙara a cikin kasuwar Zimbabwe, dala RTGS tare da tsabar kudi da ma'auni na lantarki. 

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Sachiko Murata

**Sachiko Murata** (村田幸子, an haife ta a shekara ta 1943) ƙwararriya 'yar ƙasar Jafan ce malamar falsafar kwatankwacin fahimta da sufanci kuma farfesa ce ta addini da nazarin Asiya a Jami'ar Stony Brook. 

## Farkon rayuwa
An haife ta a garin Asahikawa, Hokkaidu, Japan a 1943, Murata ta sami digirin B.A a fannin shari'ar iyali daga Jami'ar Chiba a Japan. Ta yi aiki a wani kamfanin lauyoyi a birnin Tokyo na tsawon shekara guda, sannan ta halarci jami'ar Tehran ta Iran, inda ta kasance mace ta farko wacce ba musulma ba da ta fara karatun *[[Fiƙihu|fiqhu]]* (hukuncin shari'a). Ta samu digirin digirgir a fannin adabin Farisa a shekarar 1971, sannan ta koma bangaren ilimin tauhidi. Ta sami digiri na uku a fannin shari'a a shekarar 1975, amma jim kadan kafin ta kammala digiri na uku a *fannin fiqhu*, juyin juya halin Iran ya sa ita da mijinta William Chittick suka bar kasar. Murata ta sake zama a SUNY Stony Brook a Stony Brook, New York, a cikin shekarar 1983 inda ta koyar da Islama, Confucianism, Taoism, da Buddhism. 

A duk tsawon aikinta, Murata ta sami yabon ƙwarewa a ilimi daban-daban, wadanda suka hada da naɗata Kenan Rifai Babban Farfesa a Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Ɗan Adam a Jami'ar Peking, da Farfesa mai girma a Makarantar Falsafa da Nazarin Addini a Jami'ar Minzu. Har ila yau, an ba ta haɗin kai ta ƙungiyoyi masu daraja irin su Ƙwararrun Jama'a, da John Simon Guggenheim Foundation, Cibiyar Harvard don Nazarin Addinai na Duniya, da Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS). 

## Manazarta
Siti Musdah Mulia

**Siti Musdah Mulia** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1958) yar fafutukar kare hakkin mata 'yar Indonesiya ce kuma farfesa a fannin addini. Ita ce mace ta farko da aka nada a matsayin farfesar bincike a Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Indonesiya, kuma a halin yanzu tana karantar da batuttukan siyasar Musulunci a Makarantar Koyon Karatu a Jami'ar Musulunci ta Syarif Hidayatullah .   Tun daga shekara ta 2007, Musdah ya zama shugaban kungiyar masu zaman kansu ta Indonesiya kan addini da zaman lafiya, wanda ke da nufin inganta tattaunawa tsakanin addinai mabanbanta a Indonesia.  Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin darekta na Cibiyar Megawati, wani haɗaka masu tunani da nazari wanda tsohon shugaban ƙasar Megawati Soekarnoputri ya kafa.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Musdah a garin Bone, South Sulawesi, a cikin shekarar 1958, ga wasu dangin musulmi masu ra'ayin mazan jiya. Mahaifinta shugaban musulinci ne na gari wanda ya kasance shugaban bataliyar Darul Islam, yayin da mahaifiyarta ita ce yarinya ta farko daga kauyensu da ta kammala makarantar Islamiyya.

## Manazarta
Maria Massi Dakake

**Maria Massi Dakake** / / ˈd eɪˌk eɪk / DAY DAY kayk ) ba’amurkiya ce ƙwararriyar ilimin addinin musulunci kuma mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin ilimin addini a jami’ar George Mason.  Binciken ta ya fi mayar da hankali ne kan tarihin ilimi na Musulunci, karatun Alƙur'ani, al'adun Shi'a da Sufaye, da ruhin mata da gogewar fahimtar addini.Ta kasance mai ba da gudummawa ga *Karatun Alƙur'ani* - tafsirin Ƙur'ani na zamani aya-da-aya.

## Manazarta
Hidayet Şefkatli Tuksal

**Hidayet Şefkatli Tuksal** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1963) 'yar fafutukar kare hakkin ɗan adam 'yar ƙasar Turkiyya, matan musulmi kuma marubuci. Tana karantar da karatun tauhidi a Jami'ar Mardin Artuklu.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Hidayet Şefkatli Tuksal a shekara ta 1963 a birnin Ankara na kasar Turkiyya ga dangin musulmi daga yankin Balkan. A 1980 ta shiga cikin tsangayar tauhidi na Jami'ar Ankara. Ta shiga cikin tsarin addini a lokacin da take can kuma ta fara shiga irinta lullube. Daga nan ta samu digirin digirgir (PhD) a fannin ilimin addinin Musulunci.

A cikin shekarar 1994, Tuksal ta kafa dandalin Mata na Babban Jarida ( *Baskent Kadin Platform* ). Platform daya kalubalanci tushen addini na jima'i kuma ya jawo hankali ga wariyar bambance-bambance da rashin adalci da matan addini ke fuskanta a cikin wasu tsarin wuraren duniya.

A cikin 1994, Tuksal ta kafa dandalin Mata na Babban Jarida ( *Baskent Kadin Platform* ). Platform ya kalubalanci tushen addini na jima'i kuma ya kawo hankali ga wariya da rashin adalci da matan addini ke fuskanta a cikin wuraren duniya. 

Tuksal ta yi karatun digiri na biyu a fannin falsafa a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Gabas ta Tsakiya . Bayan ta fuskanci cikas da hare-hare saboda lullubin da ta yi mata, sai aka tilasta mata barin jami'ar. Ta bude kantin sayar da kayan sawa tare da yayyenta da mahaifiyarta bayan ta kasa samun aikin da ta ji daɗi. Tuksal ya koyar a makarantar İmam Hatip na ɗan lokaci kafin ya shiga shirin digiri na uku.  Bayan juyin mulkin da aka yi a shekarar 1997 bayan juyin mulkin da aka yi a ranar 28 ga watan Fabrairu, an hana sanya lullubi a cibiyoyin ilimi na Turkiyya. Tuksal ya bayyana hakan a matsayin abin da ya shafi mata, ya kuma bayyana cewa mata masu sanya lullubi ne suka fi fuskantar matsalar.

Ta yi nuni da cewa, hatta wasu mazan musulmi masu ra’ayin mazan jiya da masu kishin Islama ba sa daukar matan da ke sanye da lullubi a cibiyoyin kishin Islama a matsayin abin da za a iya gani a matsayin abin da ya dace da su, saboda yawan jawaban Kemalist . 

Tuksal yana bayyana a matsayin mai bin addinin mata. Ta yi nazarin nassosin addini kuma ta kalubalanci ra'ayoyin Islama da ke kai ga mayar da mata saniyar ware.  Ta rubuta wani nazari na ilimi na son zuciya a *[[hadisi]]* a cikin 2001. Ta yi kira da a warware maganganun da suka saba wa hakkin mata a cikin *hadisai* . 

Tuksal ya kuma rubuta tarihin yunkurin mata masu kishin Islama na Turkiyya. Ta lura da rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin masu kishin Islama da na boko a Turkiyya. Tun daga shekarar 2012, Tuksal ya kasance mawallafin jaridar *[[Taraf]].*

## Iyali
Tuksal tana da aure kuma yana da 'ya'ya uku.

## Manazarta
Nahid Angha

**Nahid Angha** masaniyar Sufi ce Ba'amurkiya, marubuci, malama  kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama, mai mai da hankali kan 'yancin mata. Ita ce babbar darekta kuma ta haɗin gwiwa na Ƙungiyar Sufa ta Duniya (IAS), wanda ta kafa Ƙungiyar Mata ta Sufa ta Duniya, babban editan Sufism: An Inquiry. Nahid Angha shi ne babban wakilin na IAS ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (don kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu tare da Sashen Watsa Labarai: NGO/DPI ).

## Manazarta
Amina Inloes

**Amina Inloes** ba’amurkiya ce malama, mai nazarin binciken ilimi, mai karantarwa, mai magana da jama’a, mai fassara kuma musuluma ‘yar Shi’a. Ta rubuta littafai da dama a kan abin da ya shafi Shi’a.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An haifi Inloes a garin Irvine, California,  ƙasar Amurka.

## Ilimi
Tana da digirin digirgir (PhD) a fannin ilimin addinin musulunci daga jami'ar Exeter akan hadisin Shi'a game da wasu mata da aka ambata a cikin Alkur'ani kafin zuwan Musulunci. Littafin karatunta na PhD, wanda aka gabatar a cikin shekarar 2015, yana da taken Tattaunawa akan Shaida Shi'i da Orthodoxy ta hanyar Canonizing Ideologies about Women in Shai'i Aḥādith Goma Sha Biyu akan Tarihin Tsarkakkun Pre-Islamic a cikin Kur'ani] ".

**Amina Inloes** ta girma ne a Kudancin California, Amurka.  Sha'awarta ga addini ta fara ne lokacin da ta fara makarantar sakandare. Daga nan sai Amina ta gano addinin Musulunci inda ta kara yin nazari a kan litattafan addinin Musulunci da nassoshi musamman na Alkur’ani mai girma wanda hakan ya sa ta yi sha’awar zuwa matakin da ta dace.  Ma Amina ta yanke shawarar zama musulma tana da shekaru 14 bayan ta fahimci yadda wannan addini yake da ma'ana da mahimmanci.  Tun daga lokacin, Amina ta ci gaba da bincike kan addinin Musulunci, kuma ta zama abin koyi ga wadanda aka haifa a musulumci da wadanda suka musulunta. Ta fito a kafafen yada labarai na musulmi daban-daban don ba da labarin tafiyar da ta yi da kuma ilimin da ta samu.
 Amina ta fara aikinta na ilimi ne da karatun kimiyyar kwamfuta a UC Berkeley, California.  A halin yanzu tana da digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin Islama, kuma a halin yanzu tan a yin digiri na uku a fannin ilimin addinin Musulunci. Amina tana aiki da islamic college da ke Landan a Sashen Bincike da wallafawa kuma tana koyarwa. A matsayinta na mai magana tana jin dadin tattauna batutuwan ruhi, mas’alolin da’a, mas’alolin akida, al’amuran tarihi da suka shafi zamanin Imamanci, ko al’amuran zamantakewa da ilimi da suka shafi al’umma baki daya. Amina tanada digiri na biyu a fannin ilimi kuma tana da gogewa sosai a makarantun islamiyya.

## Manazarta
Fatima bint Mundhir

**Fatima bint al-Munzir bn [[Zubayr ibn al-Awam|al-Zubayr]]** (    ) (668-763) malamar hadisi ce daga madina, wanda ta kasance daga zuriyar tabi'un . 

## Ilimi
Fatima bint Mundhir ta sami iliminta akan hadisai daga Asma bint Abubakar da Ummu Salamah .A matsayin hujjar isar da ilimi daga gare su a cikin jerin masu watsawa a cikin tarin hadisai shida, sunan Fatima bint Mundhir ta mamaye matsayi na biyu.

## Gudunmawa ga manyan tarin hadisai shida
hadisai guda 21 a cikin *sahihul Bukhari* da aka ambaci sunanta,a cikin biyu kai tsaye:a hadisi na 922,a cikin littafi na 11,da hadisi na 5783,a cikin littafi na 76.

A cikin Sahihu Muslim akwai hadisai guda 9,inda a hadisi na 5740 a cikin littafin 39 Fatima bint Muhdhir ta zo tare da diyarta Urwa bint Zubair.

A cikin littafin Sunan Abu Dawud akwai hadisai 5,a cikin Jami'at-Tirmizi akwai hadisai 3, adadinsu daya a cikin Sunnan al-Sughra, a Sunan Ibn Majah kuma hadisai 4 ne. 

## Gado
Fatima bint Mundhir ta auri dan uwanta Hisham bn Urwah bn al-Zubayr,wanda ya kasance mashahurin malami a hadisai kuma ya haddace hadisai da dama daga wajen antinsa Aisha. Wani abin sha'awa shi ne,ta haddace mafi yawan hadisai fiye da mijinta, saboda koyi da Asmau bint Abubakar. Duk da kasancewarta malamar hadisi,ta zama daya daga cikin manya-manyan wakilan mata na tsararrakin tabi'un,ta samu matsayin *faqihi* (fakihu). 

## Nassoshi
Esther Hill

**Esther Marjorie Hill** (Mayu 29, 1895&nbsp;- Janairu 7, 1985) 'yar ƙasar Kanada ne kuma mace ta farko da ta kammala digiri a fannin gine-gine daga Jami'ar Toronto (1920).

## Kuruciya
An haifi Hill a Guelph, Ontario . Mahaifinta,E. Lincoln Hill, malami ne kuma ma'aikacin ɗakin karatu na Jama'a na Edmonton (inda ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Librarian, 1912-1936), kuma mahaifiyarta, Jennie Stork Hill, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata 10 na farko zuwa karatu a Jami'ar Toronto￼￼. Bayan ta sami digiri na farko na Arts a Jami'ar Alberta a 1916,Hill ta fara daukar darasi a fannin gine-gine a wannan cibiyar,har sai da aka soke shirin kuma ta koma Jami'ar Toronto. Ta kammala karatu a 1920, inda ta zama mace ta farko daga Jami'ar Toronto don samun digiri na jami'a a fannin gine-gine. 

## Aiki
Hill ta yi gwagwarmaya a lokacin farkon aikinta saboda jinsinta.An ji koma baya daga maza a cikin kasuwancin gine-gine, kuma ba su da damar Hill. Bayan kammala karatun Hill ta sami damar yin aiki guda ɗaya kawai: a matsayin mai zanen ciki a babban kantin Eaton . Daga ƙarshe ta koma Edmonton.A cikin 1920 da 1921 ta rubuta jerin kasidu a cikin mujallar Noma Alberta, inda ta kwatanta tsarin aikinta na gine-ginen gida da imaninta na tsarawa don ba da izinin haske na halitta gwargwadon yiwuwa. Ta yiwu an ƙi aikace-aikacenta na shiga Ƙungiyar Ƙwararru na shekara guda. Duk da gwagwarmaya,ta sami aiki a matsayin mai tsarawa a MacDonald da Magoon Architects a Edmonton.A cikin kaka na 1922, ta fara daukar darasi a cikin tsarin birane daga Jami'ar Toronto.

Ta tafi Birnin New York kuma ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Columbia, inda ta horar a karkashin Anna Schenck,Marcia Mead, da Katharine Budd . Bayan ta dawo Kanada, ta sake neman kungiyar Alberta Association of Architects. A cikin 1925, Esther Hill ta zama macen Kanada ta farko da ta zama mai rijista.

Ta koma New York don yin aiki tare da wata mace mai zane amma ta koma Edmonton a 1928.Ta sake yin aiki na ɗan lokaci don MacDonald da Magoon kuma ta ci gaba da gwagwarmaya don samun aikin cikakken lokaci. Babban Bacin rai ya buge, tana kara muni.Hill ta juya zuwa duk abin da ta iya don kawo kudin shiga: koyarwa, saƙa,yin safar hannu da katunan gaisuwa .Ta koma Victoria, British Columbia a 1936 tare da iyayenta, kuma bayan yakin duniya na biyu ta kafa kamfanin gine-gine na kanta.Har yanzu ta ci gaba da saƙa, tare da shiga Victoria Handweavers' da Spinners' Guild.Ta sami lambar yabo ta farko a saƙa a bikin nune-nunen kasa na Kanada a 1942.

A cikin 1953, ta shiga Cibiyar Architectural Institute of British Columbia kuma ta yi aiki a kwamitin tsara birni na tsawon shekaru biyar. Yin aiki daga gidan iyayenta,tana tsara zane akan teburin cin abinci,ta zama ƙwararren mai zaman kanta a Victoria,har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a 1963.An kwatanta aikin Hill a matsayin"shi kaɗai"a cikin duniyar gine-ginen da maza suka mamaye. Yayin da take Victoria,ta tsara gidaje, majami'u, gine-ginen gidaje, gidajen ritaya,da kuma dafa abinci.Ta rasu a shekara ta 1985.

Wasu daga cikin zane-zanenta suna cikin Taskokin Jami'ar Toronto￼￼. 

## Nassoshi


## Kara karantawa

*  

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

## Manazarta
Aisha Grey Henry

**Aisha Gray Henry**, wacce aka fi sani da **Virginia Gray Henry**, marubuciya ce Ba’amurke, malamarIslama,mai shirya fina-finai kuma edita.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Gray Henry ta sami BA a tarihin fasaha da addinan duniya daga Kwalejin Sarah Lawrence da MA a fannin ilimi daga Jami'arMichigan.  Ta kuma yi karatu na tsawon shekaru goma a Al-Azhar. 

A cikin shekarar 1981, ta taimaka wajen kafa Islamic Texts Society a Cambridge. 

Ita ce ta kafa kuma darekta a gidan wallafe-wallafen Musulunci Fons Vitae.   Grey Henry da Fons Vitae sun yi aiki don samar da ayyukan al-Ghazali ga yara. A shekara ta 2006,Gray Henry ta shirya taron tsakanin mabiya addinin Dalai Lama da malaman musulmi. 

Ita ce masaniyar tarihi kuma masaniyar addini wanda ta koyar a Makarantar Dalton, Fordham da Jami'o'in Cambridge .  Grey Henry  memba ce ta  Cibiyar Thomas Merton inda ta shirya tarurruka kan ayyukan Thomas Merton. 
## Filmography
* Beads of Faith: Hanyoyi zuwa Tunani da Ruhaniya Amfani da Rosaries, Addu'a Beads da Tsarkakkun Kalmomi  akwai a matsayin littafi da fim.
* Musulunci: Maƙala Mai Hoto
* Alkahira: Shekaru 1001 na Fasaha da Gine-gine
* Mutuwa da Canji: Tunanin Keɓaɓɓen Huston Smith
* Ado na Lhasa: Musulunci a Tibet

## Ayyuka

* *Fahimtar Musulunci da Musulmai*
* *Rayuwar Manzon Allah SAW,* wacce aka fi sani da Aisha Gwamna tare da Leila Azzam
* *Ruwa: Muhimmancinsa na Ruhaniya*, Elena Lloyd-Sidle da Virginia Gray Henry Blakemore suka gyara
* Mai ba da gudummawa ga Fons Vitae Thomas Merton Series
* Mai ba da gudummawa ga jerin Praeger, *Muryar Musulunci*

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Marie-Angélique Savané

**Marie-Angélique Savané** (née Sagna, an haife ta biyu 2 ga watan  Nuwamba 1947) ƙwararriyar ilimin zamantakewa ce kuma mai fafutuka akan mata, wacce ta kasance "mai matuƙar goyon bayan gyare-gyaren doka da zamantakewa a cikin al'ummar Senegal a madadin mata", a cewar *ƙamus na Tarihin Afirka.* .  An kira ta daya daga cikin jagaban matan Afirka. 

## Rayuwar farko
An haife ta a ranar biyu 2 ga watan Nuwamba a shekara ta 1947 a Dakar, Senegal, cikin dangin Katolika . 

## Sana'arta
Daga 1974 zuwa 1978, Savané ta kasance Babbar Editan Mujallar *[[Famille et Développement]]* (Family and Development), "mujallar taimakon kai da kai a yankin Saharar Afrika".  A lokacin da take rike da mukaminta ta  mayar da mujallar daga yammacin Afirka zuwa wani ra'ayi na Afirka, akan "taimakawa 'yan Afirka su taimaki kansu". 

Savané ta yi aiki ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, kuma a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga kungiyoyin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya daban-daban na tsawon shekaru masu yawa. 

Savané mai haɗin gwiwa ce ta Ƙungiyar Matan Afirka don Bincike. 

## Rayuwarta ta sirri
Ta yi aure da Landing Savane Wanda (an haife shine a shekara ta 1945) ɗan siyasan Senegal na hagu, kuma Sakatare-Janar na And-Jëf / Jam'iyyar Afirka ta Dimokuradiyya da Socialism . 

Su ne iyayen ga ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando Sitapha Savané . 

## Nassoshi
Marcey Jacobson ne adam wata

**Marcella “Marcey” Jacobson** (Satumba 27, 1911 &#x2013; Yuli 26, 2009) wata me daukar hoto ce Ba’amurke wacce ta koma Chiapas,Mexico a cikin 1950s, kuma ta shahara da hotunanta na ’yan asalin Kudancin Mexico.

## Kuruciya
An haifi Jacobson a ranar 27 ga Satumba, 1911,a cikin Bronx.  Ta kasance a kan tafiya ta farko zuwa Mexico kuma tana Taxco lokacin da ta fara jin labarin harin Japan a kan Pearl Harbor, kuma ta koma New York ta bas.Ta ga wata alama a kan wata mota ta tallata kwasa-kwasan da gwamnati ke ba da kuɗaɗen kuɗi kuma ta yanke shawarar fara aikin tsarawa . Ta fara aiki a matsayin mai tsara shirye-shiryen rediyo na Emerson akan babban aikin haɓaka radar na sirri kuma ta yi aiki akan ƙirar kayan aikin masana'antu daban-daban a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.

Jacobson 'yar gumurzuce  wanda ta shiga cikin harkokin siyasa,tana zanga-zanga a fadar White House don nuna adawa da shirin kisa na Julius da Ethel Rosenberg .  Abokinta, mai zane Janet Marren, ta"fadi cikin soyayya" da San Cristóbal lokacin da ta isa can kuma ta gayyaci Jacobson ya ziyarta.  Jacobson ta kasance aana aiki a matsayin mai tsara injina a birnin New York kuma taa ziyarci Mexico sau da yawa a baya,amma tafiyar kwanaki 10 da aka shirya zuwa Mexico a watan Satumba na 1956,don bibiyar gayyatar Marren - wanda aka ɗauka a sakamakon matsalolin da ta fuskanta. Magoya bayan kwaminisanci da 'yan madigo a tsayin McCarthyism - ya ƙare tare da zama a Chiapas tare da Marren, abokin aikinta kuma abokin tarayya.   Ko da yake takan koma New York lokaci-lokaci don yin wani aiki tabo kuma ta sami kuɗi,ta mai da Chiapas gidanta har tsawon rayuwarta.  

## Hotuna a Mexico
A Mexico Jacobson tayi aron kyamarar Rolleiflex kuma ta koya wa kanta yadda ake ɗauka da haɓaka hotuna,ta amfani da yadda ake yin littattafai azaman tushen koyarwa.Mafi yawa daga cikin 14,000 marasa kyau nata suna wakiltar hotunan rayuwar yau da kullun, suna ba da cikakkun bayanai game da kasuwanci da ayyukan addini na mutanen gida, waɗanda aka ɗauka a kasuwa da kunkuntar tituna,da kuma daidaikun mutane da shimfidar wurare.  Za ta bukaci Amurkawa da ke zuwa yankin su kawo sinadaran daukar hoto da takarda da take bukata don buga hotunanta. 

Wani bincike na harshe biyu,na baya-bayan nan na 75 na hotunanta an buga ta Jami'ar Stanford Press a 2001 a matsayin *Burden of Time* / *El Cargo del Tiempo.*  Littafin mai shafuka 168, wanda Carol Karasik ta shirya,ya kunshi hotunan da aka dauka a shekarun 1960 da 1970 na rayuwar yau da kullum na al'ummar Maya da Ladino .  An kwatanta tarihin Jacobson na rashin hankali a cikin 2009 kamar yadda aka tsara don Casa Na Bolom,gidan kayan gargajiya a San Cristobal. 

## Mutuwa
Ta mutu sakamakon raunin zuciya tana da shekaru 97 a ranar 26 ga Yuli,2009,a San Cristobal a Chiapas, Mexico.Ba ta bar wasu da suka tsira ba. Janet Marren, abokiyar zamanta,ta mutu a 1998. 

## Ayyukan da aka buga

* *The Burden of Time* / *El Cargo del Tiempo*, Stanford University Press, 2001. 

## Nassoshi
Du Shuzhen

**Du Shuzhen** ( Chinese    ; An haife ta ne  a shekara ta 1924), kuma anfi  saninta da **Amina**, limamin kasar Sin shine kawunta. Da taimakon kawunta da wata kawarta, wadanda dukkansu limamai ne a Shanghai da Henan, bi da bi, ta koyi karatun al'kur'ani a cikin harshen Larabci. Sannan ta yi aikin Hajjin farko a shekara ta 1992, inda ta zama mace ta farko a Henan. 

## Rayuwarta ta farko
An haifi Du a cikin shekara ta 1924 a Kaifeng, Henan, China. An rada mata sunan islamiyyan Aminah (). Mahaifinta, musulmi dan kabilar Hui, ya zama limami bayan da aka sace masa kantin kayan tarihi a lokacin yakin Sino da Japan na biyu, yayin da mahaifiyarta ta rasu kafin Du ta mallaki hankalinta matashiya.  Bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarta, Du ta koma wurin innanta.  Tana da shekaru takwas, Du ta shiga masallacin mata na yankin, inda ta yi karatun addinin Islama na wasu shekaru shida.  A bisa ga burin mahaifinta, tana da shekaru goma sha biyar, Du ta auri wani malami musulunci dan kasar Sin. Bata son auren amma  duk da haka ta bi mijinta zuwa Shanxisannan mijinta ya mutu ne  bayan shekaru biyu; ta ki kara aure, Du ta koma Kaifeng, inda ta ci gaba da karatunta acikin  masallacin da fatan ta zama limamiya da kanta.  Yan uwanta ba su yarda da shawarar da ta yanke ba. 

## Sana'arta
A baya a Kaifeng, Du ta kammala karatunta na islamiyya a harshen Farisa karkashin kulawar wata limamiya mace. Tare da taimakon kawunta da wata kawarta, wadanda dukkansu limamai ne a Shanghai da Henan bi da bi, ta kuma koyi karatun kur'ani a cikin harshen Larabci .  A cikin shekara ta 1949, Du ta zama limamiya  a Masallacin Shifu da ke Zhengzhou.  Daga baya Du ta yi aiki a wasu masallatan mata a fadin kasar Sin, ciki har da Kaifeng, Xingyang, da Xi'an .  A lokacin juyin juya halin al'adu, Du ta nemi mafaka a masallacin gabas a garinsu.  A cikin shekara ta 1981, an nada ta a matsayin babbar malamar addinin musulunci a masallacin mata na titin Beida a Zhengzhou. Bayan shekara biyu aka kara mata girma zuwa limamiyar masallacin.  Du ta gudanar da aikin Hajjinta na farko a shekara ta 1992,  ta zama mace ta farko a Henan.  Ta sake yin aikin hajji sau uku, a skekara ta 1994, 1999, da 2005.  Du ta kasance mai himma sosai a matsayinta na jagoran addinin Musulunci a kasar Sin, kuma ta kasance memba na kungiyoyi da dama, ciki har da kungiyar Islama ta lardin Henan, da kungiyar Islama ta birnin Zhengzhou, da kungiyar musulinci ta kasar Sin. 

## Nassoshi
 

### ambato