Tom Mboya

**Thomas Joseph Odhiambo Mboya** (15Agusta 19305Yuli Shekara ta 1969) ɗan ƙungiyar ƙwadagon Kenya ne, malami,  ɗan Pan-Africa, marubuci, mai fafutukar ƴancin kai, kuma ɗan ƙasa. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa jamhuriyar Kenya.  Ya jagoranci tattaunawar neman 'yancin kai a taron Lancaster House  kuma ya taka rawa wajen kafa jam'iyyar 'yancin kai ta Kenya - Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta Kenya (KANU) - inda ya zama Sakatare-Janar na farko.  Ya aza harsashi ga tsarin jari-hujja da gaurayewar manufofin tattalin arzikin Kenya a daidai lokacin yakin cacar-baka da kuma kafa wasu manyan cibiyoyin kwadago na ƙasar.  Mboya ya kasance ministan tsare-tsare da raya tattalin arziki lokacin da aka kashe shi.

Mboya yana da basira, fara'a, jagoranci, da iya magana sun sa ana yabon Mboya  daga ko'ina cikin duniya.  Ya gabatar da jawabai, da halartar muhawara da hirarraki a duk faɗin duniya don nuna goyon baya ga samun 'yancin kai daga 'yan mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya. Ya kuma yi jawabi a wasu taruka da dama na fatan alheri na kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a a Amurka.  A cikin shekara ta 1958, yana da shekaru 28, Mboya ya zama shugaban taron jama'a a taron jama'ar Afirka baki ɗaya  da Kwame Nkrumah na Ghana ya kira.  Ya taimaka wajen gina kungiyar 'yan kasuwa a Kenya, Uganda da Tanzaniya, da kuma fadin Afirka. Ya kuma taɓa zama wakilin Afirka a kungiyar 'yan kasuwa ta ƙasa da ƙasa  (ICFTU). A cikin shekara ta 1959 Mboya ya kira taro a Legas, Najeriya, don kafa ƙungiyar ƙwadago ta ICFTU ta Afirka ta farko. 

Mboya ya yi aiki tare da John F. Kennedy da Martin Luther King Jr. don samar da damammaki na ilimi ga ɗaliban Afirka, kokarin da ya haifar da Kennedy Airlifts na shekarun 1960 ya baiwa ɗaliban gabashin Afirka damar yin karatu a kwalejojin Amurka. Sanannun waɗanda suka ci gajiyar wannan jigilar jirgin sun haɗa da Wangari Maathai. A cikin shekarar 1960, Mboya shine ɗan Kenya na farko da aka nuna a bangon shafin farko na mujallar *[[Time (magazine)|Time]]* a cikin wani zane na Bernard Safran. 

## Rayuwar farko

Iyayensa Leonardus Ndiege da Marcella Onyango sun fito ne daga ƙabilar Luo ta Kenya, kuma dukkansu biyun masu ƙaramin karfi ne na sisal da ke aiki a gonar 'yan mulkin mallaka na Sir William Northrup McMillan, a yankin gonakin Juja na yau. An haifi Thomas ("Tom") Joseph Odhiambo Mboya a wannan gonar sisal ta 'yan mulkin mallaka a ranar 15 ga watan Agusta shekara ta 1930, kusa da garin Thika, a cikin abin da ake kira White Highlands na Kenya.   Daga baya Leonard Ndiege mahaifin Mboya ya sami girma a matsayin mai kula a wannan shukar sisal kuma ya yi aiki na shekaru 25. A ƙarshe Leonard da Marcella sun haifi 'ya'ya bakwai, maza biyar da mata biyu. Lokacin da Mboya ya kai shekara tara, mahaifinsa ya tura shi makarantar mishan a yankin Kamba. 

## Ilimi
Mboya ya yi karatu a makarantun mishan na Katolika daban-daban. A shekara ta 1942, ya shiga makarantar St. Mary's School Yala - makarantar sakandare ta Katolika a Yala, da ke lardin Nyanza inda Mboya ya fara karatunsa a Turanci da Tarihi. A shekara ta 1946, ya halarci Kwalejin Ruhu Mai Tsarki (daga baya Mang'u High School), inda ya wuce sosai don ci gaba da yin takardar shaidar makarantar Cambridge. A shekara ta 1948, Mboya ya shiga makarantar horar da likitanci ta Royal Sanitary Institute for Sanitary Inspectors a Nairobi, ya cancanci zama mai bincike a shekarar 1950. Ya kuma shiga cikin takardar shaidar takardar shaidarsa a fannin tattalin arziki a Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Afirka ta Kudu. A shekara ta 1955, ya sami tallafin karatu daga Trades Union Congress don halartar Kwalejin Ruskin, inda ya yi karatun gudanar da masana'antu. Bayan kammala karatunsa a shekara ta 1956, ya koma Kenya kuma ya shiga siyasa a lokacin da hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ke sannu a hankali suna murkushe tawaye na Mau Mau wanda Kenya Land and Freedom Army ke jagoranta. 

## Manazarta