Shekaru goma na kasa da kasa ga mutanen da suka fito daga Afirka

Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta sanar da **shekaru goma na duniya ga mutanen zuriyar Afirka**, 2015-2024,  a cikin wani kuduri (68/237) wanda aka zartar a ranar 23 ga Disamba 2013.  Taken shekaru goma na duniya shi ne "Mutanen zuriyar Afirka: amincewa, adalci da ci gaba". 

A ranar 17 ga Disamba, 2024, sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ayyana **shekaru goma na kasa da kasa na mutanen zuriyar Afirka**, wanda ya fara daga 1 ga Janairu 2025,    yana mai cewa zai zama "damar daukar kwararan matakai don tinkarar gadon bautar da mulkin mallaka, da samar da adalci ga al'ummar Afirka ta duniya." 

## Bayyana manufofin
Manufofin da aka bayyana na shekaru goma na duniya don mutanen zuriyar Afirka sune:

* Haɓaka mutuntawa, kariya da cika dukkan haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam da ƴancin asali daga mutanen zuriyar Afirka, kamar yadda aka amince da shi a cikin Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Duniya ;
* Haɓaka ilimi mai girma da mutunta al'adu daban-daban, al'adu da gudummawar mutanen Afirka don ci gaban al'ummomi;
* Karɓa da ƙarfafa tsarin shari'a na ƙasa, yanki da na ƙasa da ƙasa bisa ga sanarwar Durban da Shirin Aiki da Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan Kawar da Duk wani nau'i na nuna wariyar launin fata da tabbatar da cikakken aiwatar da su.  

## Shekaru goma na duniya na biyu ga mutanen zuriyar Afirka
Bayan sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na ranar 17 ga Disamba, 2024, tana shelar shekaru goma na duniya ga al'ummar Afirka, tun daga ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2025, Shugabar CARICOM, Mia Mottley, Firayim Minista na Barbados, ta bayyana cewa: "Nasarar tana nuna goyon baya ga yankinmu da ci gaban da aka samu a cikin shekaru goma na farko na tabbatar da adalci a duniya. Majalisar dinkin duniya na dindindin na al'ummar Afirka ... Dole ne mu ci gaba da matsa wa kasashen duniya lamba don tattaunawa ta fuska da fuska a kowane mataki, ta yadda za mu iya ganin sun gyara barnar da aka yi musu ta hanyar fasikanci na bauta da mulkin mallaka da mutanenmu suka sha fama da su." Farfesa Sir Hilary Beckles, Shugaban Hukumar CARICOM Reparations Commission (CRC), ya ce: "Ina maraba da bikin da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi na shekaru goma na biyu na kasa da kasa don mutanen zuriyar Afirka don ci gaba da mai da hankali ga ci gaban jama'ar Afirka. Wannan babban sakamako ne da ya haifar da hadin gwiwar kungiyoyin fararen hula da gwamnatoci a Amurka da Afirka."

## Fage
An shuka tsaba na shekaru goma na duniya don mutanen zuriyar Afirka a cikin 2001 tare da taron duniya na uku na yaƙi da wariyar launin fata, wanda ya haifar da ɗaukar sanarwar Durban da Shirin Aiki.  Sanarwar ta Durban, baya ga bayyana cewa al'ummar Afirka na fama da bauta, kuma suna ci gaba da shan wahala a sakamakon haka, ta yi kira ga jihohi da su dauki takamaiman matakai na taimakawa wajen yaki da wariyar launin fata da kyamar baki da kuma kare wadanda abin ya shafa. A lokacin shekara ta duniya ta al'ummar Afirka ta duniya, bayan shekaru goma, MDD ta yi kira da a kara kaimi ga wannan kokari. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, a watan Disamba 2013, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yanke shawarar cewa 1 ga Janairu 2015 za ta kaddamar da shekaru goma na kasa da kasa na mutanen zuriyar Afirka.

A yayin kaddamar da ita, mataimakiyar babban kwamishina mai kula da hakkin bil adama ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Flavia Pansieri ta ce:  Hanyar zuwa duniyar da ba ta da wariyar launin fata, son zuciya da kuma kyama abu ne mai ban tsoro. Yaƙi da wariyar launin fata ƙoƙari ne na dogon lokaci. Yana buƙatar sadaukarwa da dagewa. Mutanen asalin Afirka suna buƙatar ƙarfafawa da tallafi. Ƙasashe membobi suna da alhakin ɗabi'a da doka don ba da goyon baya na siyasa da na kuɗi don tabbatar da shekaru goma masu tasiri [d] don ci gaba da hanyarmu zuwa ga daidaitattun al'ummomi masu adalci.

## Ayyuka a cikin kasashe daban-daban

### Tare
A cikin 2017, Accompong Maroons sun ƙaddamar da Ƙofar Komawa tare da haɗin gwiwar Ghana da Najeriya,  wanda Najeriya ta kaddamar da wani abin tunawa na farko a lokacin bikin al'adun kasashen waje a Badagry .  Shirin dai ya kunshi kafa jerin abubuwan tarihi na tarihi a fadin nahiyar Afirka domin nuna budaddiyar budi na nahiyar Afirka ga 'yan kasashen waje, kuma ana son kawo sabbin jari a nahiyar a fannonin yawon bude ido da samar da ababen more rayuwa masu dorewa. 

### Kanada
A ranar 30 ga Janairu, 2018, Firayim Ministan Kanada, Justin Trudeau, ya sanar da cewa gwamnatin Kanada za ta amince da shekaru goma na duniya ga mutanen zuriyar Afirka a hukumance.    Da alama shi ne jami'in gwamnati na farko a Arewacin Amurka da ya bayyana a hukumance cewa gwamnatinsa za ta goyi bayan wannan shiri.

A cikin 2018, gwamnatin Kanada "ta ba da gudummawar dala miliyan 9 a cikin shekaru uku don Ma'aikatar Al'adun Kanada don haɓaka tallafin al'ummomin gida ga matasa Baƙar fata na Kanada da dala miliyan 10 sama da shekaru biyar ga Hukumar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Kanada don haɓaka bincike don tallafawa ƙarin shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiyar hankali na al'ada a cikin al'ummomin Baƙar fata na Kanada, don jimlar $ 19 miliyan".  A cikin 2019, gwamnatin Kanada ta yi alƙawarin samar da ƙarin "$ 25 miliyan a cikin shekaru biyar don Aiki da Ƙwarewar Kanada don ayyuka da taimakon babban birnin don bikin, raba ilimi da haɓaka iya aiki a cikin al'ummomin Baƙar fata Kanada".  Da alama gwamnatin Kanada ita ce gwamnatin yammacin duniya ta farko da ta zuba jarin dala miliyan da dama don inganta rayuwar mutane 'yan asalin Afirka a cikin gida.

A cikin 2018, Bankin Kanada ya fitar da sabon bayanin dala 10 wanda ya nuna "hoton Viola Desmond, wata 'yar kasuwa ta Black Nova Scotian wacce ta kalubalanci bambancin launin fata a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na fim a New Glasgow, Nova Scotia, a cikin 1946". A cewar bankin na gidan yanar gizon Kanada Viola Desmond's "harka na kotu ya kasance abin sha'awa ga neman daidaiton launin fata a fadin Kanada. Labarin Viola wani bangare ne na tarin dindindin a gidan kayan tarihi na Kanada don 'yancin ɗan adam ".  "Aikin rashin amincewa da Viola ya faru ne shekaru tara kafin Parks ta ki barin kujerarta a cikin motar Alabama". 

A ƙarshen Janairu 2020, Kanada Post ta fitar da tambari don tunawa da League Hockey League,  wanda aka kafa shekaru 22 kafin National Hockey League (NHL).   "Tambarin ya ƙunshi hotunan 'yan wasa daga Ƙwallon Hockey mai launi wanda ya yi aiki daga 1895 zuwa 1930s kuma ya jera sunayen wasu ƙungiyoyin - Jubilies, Stanleys, Eurekas, Sea-Sides, Rangers, Royals da Moss Backs ... wadanda yawancin su 'ya'ya ne da jikoki na bayin Amurka da suka tsere daga Kanada." 

### Costa Rica
A ranar 24 ga Janairu, 2020, Gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Costa Rica tare da haɗin gwiwar UNESCO, ta fara bikin Ranar Al'adu ta Afirka da 'Yan Asalin Afirka ta Duniya.

### Ghana
A watan Satumba 2018, Shugaban kasar Ghana Nana Akufo-Addo ya kaddamar da "Shekarar Komowa, Ghana 2019". Manufar wannan yunƙuri ita ce ƙarfafa mutanen zuriyar Afirka su ziyarci Ghana domin su zauna da saka jari a ƙasar da nahiyar gaba ɗaya. Manyan shahararrun mutane da suka haɗa da Idris Elba, Boris Kodjoe, Naomi Campbell, Steve Harvey, Cardi B, T.I., Ludacris, Akon, Rosario Dawson, Diggy Simmons, Jidenna da Nicole Ari Parker sun ziyarci Ghana yayin bikin Essence Full Circle Festival a 2019. Wannan yunƙurin ya ƙara yawan yawon bude ido, inda Ghana ta fitar da biza 800,000 a 2019 ga baƙi daga Amurka, Turai da sauran ƙasashen Afirka.

### Jamaica
A shekarar 2019, Firayim Ministan Jamaica Andrew Holness ya kaddamar da bikin Shekaru Goma na Duniya ga Mutanen Zuriyar Afirka a Kingston, Jamaica.

### Mexico
A 2015, ƙididdigar yawan jama'ar Mexico ta nuna cewa mutane miliyan 1.38, wanda ke wakiltar kusan kashi 1.2% na jama'ar ƙasar, sun bayyana kansu a matsayin 'yan asalin Afirka. Kodayake wannan ba ya cikin ayyukan hukumomin Mexico dangane da Shekaru Goma na Duniya ga Mutanen Zuriyar Afirka, yana da muhimmanci saboda shine karon farko da aka bayar da damar da Afro-Mexico su bayyana kansu a ƙididdiga.

### United States
A 2015, MDD ta fara bukin Shekaru Goma na Duniya ga Mutanen Zuriyar Afirka ta hanyar bayyana "Wurin tunawa na dindindin ga waɗanda suka mutu saboda bauta da cinikin bayi na Tekun Atlantika" a ranar 25 Maris, a Hedikwatar MDD a Birnin New York. Wurin tunawa, wanda aka kira *The Ark of Return* an ƙera shi ne ta ɗan asalin Haiti-America, Rodney Leon, wanda ya ƙera *African Burial Ground National Monument* ma.

Kodayake wannan aiki yana cikin Amurka, aikin MDD ne ba na gwamnatin Amurka ba.

### United Kingdom
Har yanzu, gwamnatin Birtaniya ba ta da wani shiri na musamman don bikin Shekaru Goma na Duniya ga Mutanen Zuriyar Afirka. Amsar hukumarta tana komawa ga manufofin yaki da wariya na doka, ba tare da kiran sunan Afirka ko mutanen zuriyar Afirka da ke zaune a kasar ba.

## Kafafen Sada Zumunta
A karon farko a watan Disamba 2019, mata biyar masu asalin Afirka—Toni-Ann Singh (Miss World), Zozibini Tunzi (Miss Universe), Cheslie Kryst (Miss USA), Kaliegh Garris (Miss Teen USA), da Nia Franklin (Miss America)—sun rike manyan kambuna guda biyar na gasannin kyau na duniya a lokaci guda. Abin lura, Zozibini Tunzi daga Afirka ta Kudu "ita ce mace ta farko mai bakar fata sosai da ta sanya kambu tare da gajeriyar gashi na dabi'a wanda ba a gyara ba".

## Manazarta