Pizza

Kalmar **pizza** an fara rubuta tane a ƙarni na 10 a cikin rubutun Latin daga garin Gaeta na Kudancin Italiya a Lazio, a kan iyaka da Campania. An ƙirƙira pizza na zamani a Naples, kuma tanada bambance-bambance dayawa sun shahara a ƙasashe da dama Ya zama ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun abinci a duniya kuma abune na abinci mai sauri a Turai, Arewacin Amurka da Australia asia; ana samunsu a pizzerias (masu cin abinci ƙware a pizza), gidajen cin abinci waɗanda ke ba da abinci na Bahar Rum, ta hanyar isar da pizza, da kuma abincin titi. Kamfanonin abinci daban-daban suna sayar da pizza ɗin da aka gasa, waɗanda zasu iya daskarewa, a cikin shagunan kayan abinci, don a mai dasu a cikin tanda na gida.A cikin 2017, an haɗa fasahar yin pizza na Neapolitan a cikin jerin abubuwan al'adun da ba a taɓa gani ba na UNESCO.

Pizza da bambance-bambancensa suna cikin shahararrun abinci a duniya. Ana sayar da Pizza a gidajen abinci iri-iri, gami da pizzerias (masu cin abinci na musamman na pizza), gidajen cin abinci na Bahar Rum, ta hanyar bayarwa, da kuma abincin titi. A Italiya, ana gabatar da pizza da ake yi a gidan abinci ba tare da yanka ba, kuma ana ci tare da amfani da wuka da cokali mai yatsa. A cikin saitunan yau da kullun, duk da haka, yawanci ana yanke shi cikin yanka don a ci yayin riƙe shi a hannu. Ana kuma sayar da Pizza a cikin shagunan kayan miya ta nau'i-nau'i iri-iri, gami da daskararre ko a matsayin kayan haɗin kai. Ana dafa pizzas da aka siyo daga kantin sayar da kayayyaki ta amfani da tanda na gida.

A cikin 2017, kasuwar pizza ta duniya ta kai dalar Amurka biliyan 128, kuma a Amurka an bazu dala biliyan 44 a kan pizzerias 76,000. Gabaɗaya, kashi 13% na al'ummar Amurka masu shekaru biyu zuwa sama sun cinye pizza a kowace rana.

## Alqalumma
An yi tunanin mafi dadewa da aka yi amfani da kalmar pizza daga Mayu 997 CE, yana bayyana a cikin Codex diplomaticus Caietanus, wata takarda ta Latin ce daga garin Gaeta, sannan har yanzu wani ɓangare na Daular Byzantine. Rubutun ya bayyana cewa mai haya na wasu kadarorin shine ya ba Bishop na Gaeta duodecim pizze (lit. 'pizzas goma sha biyu'), kafada na alade da koda kowace shekara a ranar Kirsimeti, da pizzas goma sha biyu da kaji biyu a kowace shekara a ranar Lahadin Ista..

Abubuwan da aka ba da shawarar sun haɗa da:

Greek Byzantine da Late Latin pitta> pizza, cf. Gurasar Pitta ta Girka ta zamani da Apulia da Calabrian (sannan kuma Italiya ta Byzantine) pitta,  biredi mai zagaye da ake gasa a cikin tanda a yanayin zafi mai zafi wani lokacin tare da toppings. Kalmar pitta za a iya bibiyar ta zuwa ko dai tsohuwar Hellenanci πικτή (pikte), 'kayan kek', wanda a cikin Latin ya zama picta, ko Tsohon Girkanci πίσσα (pissa, Attic: πίττα, pitta), 'pitch',  ko αn (αήpή) (πητίτης, pētítēs, 'bread bran').

Kamus na Etymological na Harshen Italiyanci ya bayyana shi kamar ya fito daga pinza yare, 'ƙuƙwal', kamar yadda yake a cikin Italiyanci na zamani, 'fili, pincers, tongs, forceps'. Asalin su daga Latin pinsere, 'zuwa fam, tambari'.  Kalmar Lombardic bizzo ko pizzo, ma'ana 'baki' (wanda ke da alaƙa da kalmomin Ingilishi bit da cizo), wanda mahara Lombards suka kawo Italiya a tsakiyar karni na 6 AD.  Za a iya bayyana canjin b→p ta Babban Juyin Baƙin Jamusanci, kuma an lura a cikin wannan haɗin cewa a cikin Jamusanci kalmar Imbiss tana nufin 'abinci'.

A wani lokaci ana kiran ƙaramin pizza pizzetta. An san mutumin da ke yin pizza da pizzaiolo.

An aro kalmar pizza daga Italiyanci zuwa Turanci a cikin 1930s; Kafin ya zama sananne, masu magana da Ingilishi suna kiran pizza "tumatir". Wasu bambance-bambancen pizza na yanki har yanzu suna amfani da sunan tumatir kek.

## Tarihi
Ana iya samun bayanan abinci irin na pizza a cikin tarihin d ¯ a. A cikin karni na 6 BC, sojojin Farisa na Daular Achaemenid a lokacin mulkin Darius mai girma sun gasa gurasa mai laushi tare da cuku da dabino a saman garkuwar yakinsu  [ da Girkawa na da suka kara da gurasar da mai, ganya, da cuku.Tunanin farko game da abinci mai kama da pizza yana faruwa a cikin Aeneid, lokacin da Celaeno, Sarauniyar Harpies, ta annabta cewa Trojans ba za su sami kwanciyar hankali ba har sai yunwa ta tilasta musu su ci teburinsu (Littafi III). A cikin Littafi na VII, an ba Aeneas da mutanensa abinci wanda ya haɗa da biredi (kamar gurasar pita) tare da dafaffen kayan lambu. Sa’ad da suke cin gurasar, sai su gane cewa waɗannan “teburan” ne da Celaeno ya annabta.A cikin 2023, masu binciken kayan tarihi sun gano fresco a cikin Pompeii da ke nuna alamar pizza-kamar tasa a tsakanin sauran kayan abinci da kayan abinci a kan farantin azurfa. Ministan al'adu na Italiya ya ce "yana iya zama kakannin kakannin abinci na zamani".Maganar farko ta kalmar pizza da alama ta fito ne daga takardan sanarwa da aka rubuta a cikin Latin kuma tun daga shekara ta 997 CE daga Gaeta, tana neman biyan "pisas goma sha biyu, kafadar naman alade, da koda na naman alade a ranar Kirsimeti, da pizzas 12 da kaji biyu a ranar Ista" .

Pizza na zamani ya samo asali ne daga irin abincin burodi irin na Naples, Italiya, a cikin 18th ko farkon karni na 19. Kafin wannan lokacin, ana yawan ɗora gurasar lebur da sinadaran kamar tafarnuwa, gishiri, man alade, da cuku. Ba shi da tabbas lokacin da aka fara ƙara tumatir kuma akwai da'awar da yawa masu cin karo da juna, ko da yake ba za a iya kasancewa kafin karni na 16 da musayar Colombian ba. Ana siyar da Pizza ne daga wuraren da ake yin burodi da kuma wuraren yin burodin pizza har zuwa kusan 1830, lokacin da pizzerias a Naples suka fara samun rumfuna da tebura inda abokan ciniki za su zauna su ci pizzas a nan take.

Shahararriyar almara tana ɗauka cewa pizza na archetypal, pizza Margherita,  an ƙirƙira shi ne a cikin 1889, lokacin da Fadar Sarauta ta Capodimonte ta ba da umarnin Neapolitan pizzaiolo ('mai yin pizza') Raffaele Esposito don ƙirƙirar pizza don girmama Sarauniya Margherita mai ziyara. Daga cikin pizzas daban-daban guda uku da ya halitta, sarauniyar ta fi son pizza da ke cikin launuka na tutar Italiya - ja (tumatir), fari (mozzarella), da kore (Basil). Ana tsammanin, an sanya wa irin wannan nau'in pizza sunan sarauniya, tare da wasiƙar karramawa daga "shugaban hidima" na sarauniya wanda ya rage har wala yau a cikin shagon Esposito, wanda yanzu ake kira Pizzeria Brandi.Daga baya bincike ya jefa shakku kan wannan almara, yana lalata sahihancin wasiƙar amincewa, yana nuna cewa babu wata kafar watsa labarai na lokacin da ta ba da rahoton ziyarar da ake tsammani kuma duka labarin da sunan Margherita an fara inganta shi.a cikin shekarun 1930-1940.

Baƙi na Italiya sun ɗauke Pizza zuwa Amurka a ƙarshen karni na 19  kuma sun fara bayyana a wuraren da suka tattara hankali. Pizzeria na farko na ƙasar, Lombardi's, an buɗe shi a birnin New York a cikin 1905.Ba’amurke ɗan Italiya da ke ƙaura daga Gabas zuwa Yamma sun kawo tasa tasa, daga nan kuma ake fitar da nau’in na Amurka zuwa sauran ƙasashen duniya.

The Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana (lit. 'Gaskiya Neapolitan Pizza Association') kungiya ce mai zaman kanta da aka kafa a 1984 tare da hedkwata a Naples wanda ke da nufin haɓaka pizza na Neapolitan na gargajiya.A cikin 2009, bisa buƙatar Italiya, an yi rajistar pizza na Neapolitan tare da Tarayyar Turai a matsayin tasa na musamman na gargajiya (TSG), [[ kuma a cikin 2017 an haɗa fasahar yin sa a cikin jerin abubuwan al'adun gargajiya na UNESCO. 

## Manazarta

## Nutrition

Wasu pizzas da aka samar da yawa ta hanyar sarkar pizza ta Amurka ansoki su da ma'auni mara kyau na sinadaran.