Rage sinadarai a muhallin

**Rage sinadarai a wurin** (ISCR) wani nau'i ne na dabarar Gyara muhalli da aka yi amfani da ita don gyaran ƙasa da / ko gyaran ruwa na ƙasa don rage yawan gurbataccen muhalli zuwa matakan da aka yarda da su. Shine tsarin madubi na In Situ Chemical Oxidation (ISCO). ISCR yawanci ana amfani dashi a cikin muhalli ta hanyar yin allurar rage sinadarai a cikin nau'in ruwa a cikin yankin da aka gurbata ko sanya matsakaici mai ƙarfi na masu rage sinadarin a cikin hanyar gurbataccen ruwa. Ana iya amfani da shi don gyara nau'ikan kwayoyin halitta iri-iri, gami da wasu waɗanda ke tsayayya da lalacewar halitta.

In situ a ISCR kawai Latin ne don "*a wurin*", yana nuna cewa ISCR wani sinadarin rage sinadarai ne wanda ke faruwa a shafin gurɓatawar. Kamar ISCO, yana iya kawar da mahadi da yawa, kuma, a ka'idar, ISCR na iya zama mafi tasiri a cikin gyaran ruwa fiye da ISCO.

Ragewar sinadarai shine rabin aikin redox, wanda ke haifar da samun electrons. Ɗaya daga cikin masu amsawa a cikin amsawa ya zama oxidized, ko ya rasa electrons, yayin da ɗayan mai amsawa ya rage, ko samun electrons. A cikin ISCR, rage mahadi, mahadi waɗanda ke karɓar electrons da wasu mahadi suka bayar a cikin amsawa, ana amfani da su don canza gurbataccen zuwa mahadi marasa lahani.

## Tarihi
Ayyukan farko sun bincika declorinations tare da jan ƙarfe. Substrates sun hada da DDT, endrin, chloroform, da hexachlorocyclopentadiene. Aluminum da magnesium suna nuna irin wannan a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Maganin ruwa na ƙasa galibi yana mai da hankali kan amfani da baƙin ƙarfe.

## Reductants

### Zero valent karafa (ZVMs)
Karfe masu ƙarancin ƙarfe sune manyan masu ragewa da aka yi amfani da su a ISCR. Karfe da aka fi amfani da shi shine ƙarfe, a cikin nau'in ZVI (ƙarfe mai ƙarancin ƙarfe), kuma shi ne ƙarfe mafi tsawo a amfani. Koyaya, wasu binciken sun nuna cewa zinc mai ƙarancin ƙarancin kuɗi (ZVZ) na iya zama har zuwa sau goma mafi tasiri wajen kawar da gurɓataccen abu fiye da ZVI. Wasu aikace-aikacen ZVMs sune don tsaftace Trichloroethylene (TCE) da Hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)).  ZVMs yawanci ana aiwatar da su ta hanyar shingen da ke shiga. Misali, ƙarfe wanda aka saka a cikin silica mai kumbura, mai canzawa na kwayoyin halitta yana haifar da shingen mai laushi na dindindin a karkashin kasa don kamawa da rage ƙananan, mahadi na kwayoyin yayin da ruwan ƙasa ke wucewa ta ciki.

### Ma'adanai na ƙarfe
Ma'adanai na ƙarfe na iya aiki don cire chlorination. Wadannan ma'adanai suna amfani da Fe2+. Wasu ma'adanai da za a iya amfani da su sun hada da tsatsa mai kore, Magnetite, pyrite, da glauconite. Mafi yawan ma'adanai na ƙarfe sune sulfides na ƙarfe da oxides. Pyrite, ƙarfe sulfides, yana iya cire carbon tetrachloride a cikin dakatarwa.

### Polysulfides
Polysulfides sune mahadi waɗanda ke da sarƙoƙi na ƙwayoyin sulfur. An gwada wannan mai amsawa a fagen a cikin maganin TCE kuma idan aka kwatanta da EHC. Amfani da polysulfides wani nau'i ne na ragewa kuma yana aiki mafi kyau a yanayin anaerobic inda ake samun baƙin ƙarfe (III). Amfanin amfani da polysulfides shine cewa ba sa samar da wasu kayan sharar halittu; duk da haka, ƙimar amsawa tana da jinkiri kuma suna buƙatar ƙarin lokaci don ƙirƙirar ma'adanai na DVI (dual valent iron) waɗanda ake buƙata don ragewa ya faru.

## Manazarta