Canonization na Joan of Arc

**An naɗa Joan of Arc (1412–1431)** a matsayin waliyyiyar Cocin Katolika ta Roman a ranar 16 ga Mayu, 1920 ta hannun Paparoma Benedict na XV a cikin littafinsa mai suna *Divina disponente*,  wanda ya kammala tsarin tsarkakewa da Ƙungiyar Al'adu ta Addini ta kafa bayan wata ƙara ta shugabannin Katolika na Faransa a shekarar 1869. Duk da cewa malaman addinin Kirista masu goyon bayan Ingila sun ƙona Joan a kan gungumen azaba saboda bidi'a a shekarar 1431, an gyara ta a shekarar 1456 bayan sake shari'a bayan mutuwarta . Daga baya, ta zama waliyyiyar al'umma tsakanin Katolika na Faransa da sojoji waɗanda labarinta na cewa Allah ya umarce ta da ta yi yaƙi da Faransa da Ingila . Gwamnatocin Faransa da yawa sun ƙarfafa ta, kuma Jamhuriya ta Uku ta tausaya wa roƙon tsarkakewa kafin rabuwar coci da gwamnati a shekarar 1905 .

## Hanya zuwa ga waliyyai

### Mutuwa da ƙarni na 15
Kamar sauran waliyyai waɗanda kotunan coci suka kore su ko kuma suka binciki su, kamar Athanasius, Teresa ta Ávila, da John of the Cross, kotun Inquisitorial ta gurfanar da Joan a gaban kotu. A shari'arta, Turawan Ingila ne suka yi tasiri a kotun, waɗanda suka mamaye arewacin Faransa, wanda ya kai ga kisan gillar da aka yi mata a kasuwar Rouen . Lokacin da Faransawa suka sake kwace Rouen a shekara ta 1449, an fara bincike. Mahaifiyarta Isabelle Romée wadda yanzu ba zawarawa ce da 'yan'uwan Joan Jéan da Pierre, waɗanda ke tare da Joan a lokacin da aka kewaye Orléans, sun roƙi Paparoma Nicholas V da ya sake buɗe shari'arta. Jean Bréhal, Babban Mai Binciken Ƙwararren Ɗan Ta'adda na Faransa, ya gudanar da ƙarar a shekara ta 1455, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Paparoma Callixtus na Uku . Isabelle ta yi jawabi a zaman buɗe shari'ar ɗaukaka ƙara a Notre Dame da roƙon da ta yi na wanke sunan 'yarta. An wanke Joan daga laifin a ranar 7 ga Yuli, 1456, tare da taƙaitaccen shaidar shari'ar da Bréhal ya bayar, wanda ya bayyana cewa kotu ta kashe ta, wanda ita kanta ta karya dokar Coci . 

Birnin Orléans yana tunawa da mutuwarta kowace shekara tun daga shekarar 1432, kuma daga shekarar 1435 zuwa gaba ya yi wasan kwaikwayo na addini wanda ya mayar da hankali kan ɗage katangar. Wasan kwaikwayon ya nuna ta a matsayin mai ceto wanda Allah ya aiko ta hanyar mala'iku suka jagorance ta. A shekara ta 1452, a lokacin ɗaya daga cikin binciken kisan gillar da aka yi mata bayan yaƙi, Cardinal d'Estouteville ta ayyana cewa wannan wasan kwaikwayo zai cancanci cancanta a matsayin wurin aikin hajji wanda mahalarta za su iya samun nutsuwa .

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ɗaukaka ƙarar, Paparoma Pius na Biyu, wanda ya mutu a shekara ta 1464, ya rubuta wani rubutu da ya amince da ita a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa. 

### ƙarni na 16
Wani marubuci wanda ba a san sunansa ba ya rubuta tarihin rayuwar Joan, yana mai cewa an tattara shi "Ta hanyar umarnin Sarki, Louis XII na wannan sunan" a kusan shekara ta 1500. 

### ƙarni na 18 da 19
Shugabannin juyin juya halin Faransa sun yi adawa da al'adar Joan ta ɗabi'a saboda ita ƙwararriyar Katolika ce mai ibada wadda ta yi wa masarautar hidima. Sun hana bikin shekara-shekara na ɗage yaƙin Orléans, kuma an lalata kayayyakin tarihi na Joan, gami da takobi da tutarta. An narkar da wani mutum-mutumin Joan da mutanen Orleans suka gina a shekarar 1571 (don maye gurbin wanda Furotesta suka lalata a shekarar 1568) aka mayar da shi bindiga . 

Ganin cewa zai iya amfani da Joan don manufofinsa na ƙasa, Napoleon ya bar Orléans su ci gaba da bikin shekara-shekara na ɗage kamewar, ya umarci Augustin Dupré da ya buga wani tsabar kuɗi na tunawa,   kuma ya sa Jean-Antoine Chaptal ya sanar da magajin garin Orléans cewa ya amince da kudurin da majalisar birni ta yanke na Edme-François-Étienne Gois don ya gina mutum-mutumin Joan:

### ƙarni na 20 zuwa yanzu

Duk da haka, hanyar zuwa ga tsarkaka ba ta tafi cikin sauƙi ba. A ranar 20 ga Agusta 1902, ƙungiyar cocin Katolika ta ƙi ƙara Joan cikin Kalanda ta waliyyai, suna ambaton: ta ƙaddamar da harin a Paris a ranar haihuwar Maryamu, mahaifiyar Yesu ; kama ta ("tabbatar" da'awarta cewa Allah ne ya aiko ta ƙarya ne); ƙoƙarinta na tserewa daga kurkuku; ƙin amincewa da ita bayan an yi mata barazanar mutuwa; da kuma shakku game da tsarkinta .   A ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 1903, Ƙungiyar Al'adu Mai Tsarki ta haɗu don tattauna manufar Joan bisa umarnin Paparoma Pius X.   An bayar da wata doka da ke shelar jarumtar Joan a ranar 6 ga Janairu 1904 ta Cardinal Serafino Cretoni,  kuma Pius ya ayyana ta a matsayin mai daraja a ranar 8 ga Janairu.  An fitar da Dokar Mu'ujizai Uku a ranar 13 ga Disamba, 1908, kuma an karanta Dokar Ƙarfafawa bayan kwana biyar, wanda ƙungiyar Al'adu ta fitar a hukumance a ranar 24 ga Janairu, 1909.  

An gudanar da bikin girmamawa a ranar 18 ga Afrilu, 1909, karkashin jagorancin Cardinals Sebastiano Martinelli da Mariano Rampolla . Bishop Stanislas Touchet ya yi wa addu'ar . Cardinals Serafino Vannutelli, Pierre Andrieu, Louis Luçon, Coullié, Girolamo Maria Gotti, José Calassanç Vives y Tuto, Monsignor Rafael Merry del Val,  Bishop John Patrick Farrelly, Bishop Thomas Kennedy, Monsignor Robert Seton, Count Giulio Porro-Lambertenghi (jikan Luigi Porro Lambertenghi ) tare da manyan jami'ai daga The Knights of Malta, The Duke of Alençon da The Duke of Vendôme, Archbishop na wancan lokacin William Henry O'Connell,  da The Duke of Norfolk  sun halarci. Pius—wanda aka ƙaddara cewa masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ba za su yi amfani da bikin don kai hari ga Jamhuriya ta Uku ba  —ya girmama kayan tarihi a wannan rana, tare da shugabannin coci 70 na Faransa. 

Ƙarfinta ya yi daidai da ƙirƙirar injin sassaka na Janvier (wanda kuma ake kira da pantograph na sassaka), wanda ke sauƙaƙa ƙirƙirar tsabar kuɗi da lambobin yabo na tunawa. Wannan ƙirƙira, tare da al'adar sassaka ta Faransa da aka riga aka kafa, ya ƙara wani abu ga ɗaukakar Joan: jerin lambobin yabo na fasaha na addini da aka yi da kyau waɗanda ke nuna abubuwan da suka faru daga rayuwarta.

Tarihin Edmond Richer 's *La première a kwanan watan de Jeanne d'Arc: histoire de la Pucelle d'Orléans*, wanda aka rubuta tsakanin 1625 da 1630, Henri da Jules Desclée ne suka buga shi a juzu'i biyu a 1911. 

## Manazarta