Hartwig Hirschfeld

**Hartwig Hirschfeld MRAS** ( Hebrew ; 18 Disamba 1854 - 10 Janairu 1934) ɗan asalin ƙasar Biritaniya ne, ɗan asalin ƙasar Prussian, marubuci, kuma malami . Sha'awarsa ta ilimi ta ta'allaka ne akan adabin yahudawa na Larabci da kuma alakar da ke tsakanin al'adun Yahudawa da Larabawa . [1] An fi saninsa da bugu na Juda Halevi 's Kuzari - wanda ya buga a cikin ainihin Judeo-Larabci da fassarar Ibrananci, Jamusanci da Ingilishi - da kuma karatunsa a kan Alkahira Geniza . [1] [2]

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Hartwig Hirschfeld a cikin dangin Yahudawa a Thorn, Prussia . Mahaifinsa, Dr. Aron Hirschfeld, malamin addinin Yahudawa ne daga Dirschau, kuma kakansa na wajen uwa shi ne fitaccen malamin addinin Kirista Salomon Plessner .  Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Royal Marien Gymnasium da ke Posen, Hirschfeld ya yi karatun harsunan Gabas da falsafa a Jami'ar Berlin, a lokaci guda kuma ya halarci laccoci a *taron Malamin addinin Musulunci* na Azriel Hildesheimer .  Ya sami digirin digirgir daga Jami'ar Strasburg a shekarar 1878, kuma bayan shekara guda yana aikin soja a rundunar sojojin Prussia, ya sami tallafin karatu na tafiya a shekarar 1882 wanda ya ba shi damar yin karatun Larabci da Ibrananci a Paris a ƙarƙashin Joseph Derenbourg . 

Bayan ya koyar a Posen na tsawon shekaru kaɗan, Hirschfeld ya yi ƙaura zuwa Ingila a shekara ta 1889, inda ya zama farfesa a fannin tafsirin Littafi Mai Tsarki, harsunan Semitic, da falsafa a Kwalejin Montefiore .  A shekara ta 1901, ƙungiyar Syndicate ta Jami'ar Cambridge ta gayyace shi don ya binciki guntun Larabci a cikin tarin Taylor - Schechter .  A wannan shekarar, an naɗa shi mai kula da laburare kuma farfesa a harsunan Semitic a Kwalejin Yahudawa, matsayin da ya riƙe har zuwa 1929. A lokaci guda, ya zama malami a fannin rubutun Semitic a Kwalejin Jami'ar London a shekara ta 1903, malami a fannin Ethiopic a shekara ta 1906, kuma cikakken farfesa kuma malami a fannin Goldsmid a Ibrananci a can a shekara ta 1924.

## Littattafai
Littattafan Hirschfeld sun haɗa da fassarar Jamusanci ta Judah Halevi 's *Kuzari*, wanda ya dogara da asalin Larabci (1885); bugu mai suka na rubutun Larabci da fassarar Ibrananci ta Judah ibn Tibbon (1887); fassarar Turanci (1905), wanda bugu da aka sake bugawa a cikin 1932;  *Chrestomathy na Larabci a cikin Haruffan Ibrananci* (1892); *Al-Sab'iniyya*, waƙar falsafa ta Larabci ta Musa ibn Tubi (1894); *Beiträge zur Erklärung des Koran* (1886), wanda aka yi bayani dalla-dalla a cikin *Sabbin Bincike cikin Tsarin da Tafsirin Alƙur'ani* (1902); fassarar Ibrananci ta *Littafin Ma'anoni* ta Isaac Israeli (1896); Sharhin Yefet ben Ali akan Littafin Nahum (1911); *Zane na Nahawun Ibrananci* (1913); *Nazarin Qirqisānī* (1918); *Littafin Kalmomin Ethiopic-Falasi* (1921); *Sharhi kan Kubawar Shari'a* (1925); da *Tarihin Adabi na Malaman Nahawu da Masu Karatu na Ibrananci* (1926). Daga cikin rubuce-rubucensa na littattafai akwai *Katalogi Mai Bayani na Ibrananci MSS.* *na Laburaren Montefiore* (1904). Hirschfeld ya kuma ba da gudummawar kasidu ga mujallu da dama, musamman jerin kasidu kan guntun Larabci a cikin Cairo Geniza a cikin *Bita na Yahudawa na Quarterly* (1903–1908). 

## Manazarta