Fatima Jinnah

**Fatima Jinnah** ( ;an haifeta a ranar 31 ga watan Yuli,a  shekara ta alif dubu daya da Dari takwas da casa'in da uku 1893) Miladiyya. ta rasu a ranar 9 ga watan Yuli shekarata alif dubu daya da dari tara da sittin da bakwai 1967), wanda aka fi sani da **Māder-e Millat** ("Uwar Al'umma"), yar jihar Pakistan ce, 'yar siyasa, likitar hakori kuma daya daga cikin manyan wadanda suka kafa Pakistan. Ita ce kanwar Muammad Ali Jinnah, wanda ya kafa kasar Pakistan kuma Gwamna Janar na farko a Pakistan.   Ta kasance shugabar 'yan adawar Pakistan daga shekarata alif 1960 har zuwa rasuwarta a shekarar alif 1967.

Bayan ta sami digirin likitan hakori a Jami'ar Calcutta a shekarar alif 1923, sannan ta zama mace ta farko da ta zama Likitan hakori a Indiya ba tare da rabuwa ba, ta zama abokiyar kawance kuma mai ba da shawara ga babban yayanta, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, wanda daga baya ya zama Gwamna Janar na Pakistan na farko. Ta kasance mai tsananin suka ga Raj na Biritaniya, ta fito a matsayin mai ba da shawara mai karfi na ka'idar al'ummar biyu kuma babbar memba a cikin All-India Muslim League.

Bayan samun 'yancin kai na Pakistan, Jinnah ta kafa kungiyar mata ta Pakistan wadda ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsugunar da mata 'yan ci-rani a sabuwar kasar da aka kafa. Ta kasance makusancin dan uwanta har mutuwarsa. Bayan rasuwarsa, an hana Fatima yin jawabi ga al’umma har zuwa shekarar 1951; Adireshinta na rediyo na 1951 ga al'umma yana da matukar damuwa daga gwamnatin Liaquat. Ta rubuta littafin , (My Brother) a cikin shekarata alif 1955 amma an buga shi ne kawai shekaru 32 bayan haka, a cikin shekarar alif 1987, saboda ƙididdiga ta hanyar kafa, wanda ya zargi Fatima da "kayan 'yan kasa." Ko da aka buga shafuka da yawa daga rubutun littafin an bar su. 
Jinnah ta fito daga ritayar siyasa da ta yi da kanta a shekarar alif 1965 don shiga zaben shugaban kasa da aka yi wa shugaban mulkin soja Ayub Khan. Ta samu goyon bayan wata gamayyar jam'iyyun siyasa, kuma duk da magudin siyasa da sojoji ke yi, ta samu nasara a manyan biranen Pakistan guda biyu, Karachi da Dhaka. Mujallar Amurka, Time, yayin da take bayar da rahoto kan yakin neman zabe na shekarar 1965, ta rubuta cewa Jinnah ta fuskanci hare-hare kan mutuncinta da kishin kasa daga Ayub Khan da abokansa.

Jinnah ta rasu a Karachi a ranar 9 ga watan Yuli shekarata alif 1967. Mutuwar ta na da cece-kuce, kamar yadda wasu rahotanni ke cewa ta mutu ne bisa wasu dalilai da ba su dace ba. 'Yan uwanta sun bukaci a gudanar da bincike, duk da haka gwamnati ta dakile bukatarsu. Ta kasance daya daga cikin shugabanni da ake karramawa a Pakistan, inda mutane kusan rabin miliyan suka halarci jana'izar ta a Karachi.

Abinda ta gada yana da alaƙa da goyon bayanta ga yancin ɗan adam, gwagwarmayarta a cikin Harkar Pakistan da sadaukar da kai ga ɗan'uwanta. Wanda ake magana da shi ***Māder-e Millat*** ("Uwar Al'umma ") da ***Khātūn-e Pākistān*** ("Lady of Pakistan"), yawancin cibiyoyi da wuraren jama'a a Pakistan an ba su suna don girmama ta. 

## Ƙuruciya da asali

An haifi Fatima a cikin dangin Jinnah a ranar 31 ga watan Yuli 1893, itace auta a cikin 'ya'ya bakwai ga Jinnahbhai Poonja da matarsa Mithibai, a Kathiawar, Gujarat, a lokacin shugabancin Bombay a Birtaniya Indiya.  Fatima tana da yayu shida: Muhammad Ali, Ahmad Ali, Bunde Ali, Rahmat Ali, Maryam, da Shireen Jinnah. Daga cikin ‘yan’uwanta ita ce mafi kusanci ga Muhammad Ali Jinnah wanda ya zama waliyyinta bayan rasuwar mahaifinsu a shekarar 1901. Ta shiga Bandra Convent a Bombay a cikin shekarar 1902. A cikin shekarar 1919, an shigar da ita Jami'ar Calcutta mai fafatuka inda ta halarci Kwalejin Dental Dr. R. Ahmed. Bayan ta kammala karatun ta, ta buɗe asibitin hakori a Bombay a cikin shekarar 1923.
Jinnah ta zauna tare da dan uwanta har zuwa 1918, lokacin da ya auri Rattanbai Petit. Bayan rasuwar Rattanbai a watan Fabrairun 1929, ta rufe asibitinta, ta koma bungalow din yayanta Muhammad Ali Jinnah don kula da 'yar yayarta Dina Jinnah kuma ta dauki nauyin kula da gidansa. Wannan sauyi ya fara dangantakar abokantaka ta rayuwa har zuwa mutuwar ɗan'uwanta a ranar 11 ga watan Satumba 1948.
 

## Manazarta