Hans Ras

**Johannes Jacobus (Hans) Ras** (1 ga Afrilu 1926 - 22 ga Oktoba 2003) ya kasance farfesa mai daraja na yaren Javanese da adabi a Jami'ar Leiden, Netherlands . A shekara ta 1961 ya kasance malami a Jami'ar Malaya, kuma a shekara ta 1969 wakilin farko a Jakarta na KITLV (Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde = Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology). Har zuwa lokacin da ya yi ritaya ya kasance memba na kwamitin KITLV sau da yawa. Daga 1985 zuwa 1992, ya kasance farfesa na yaren Javanese da adabi a Jami'ar Leiden .

## Matasa

An haifi Hans Ras a 1926 a Rotterdam, Netherlands, a matsayin ɗa na uku na iyali na yara huɗu. Mahaifinsa yana da kasuwanci mai yawa a cikin kayan kwalliya, kuma duk yaran dole ne su taimaka a cikin kasuwancin. Dukansu ya kamata su je makarantar sakandare don karatun sakandare, kamar yadda ya saba a lokacin. Koyaya, lokacin da aka kori babba daga irin wannan makarantar saboda ƙuruciya kuma aka tura shi makarantar sakandare, sauran sun bi sawunsa.

Bayan Hans Ras ya wuce jarrabawar barin makaranta, Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ya ɓarke kuma ya shiga ɓoye, yayin da aka tura 'yan uwansa zuwa aikin tilas a Jamus. Har ma a wannan lokacin yana da sha'awar harsuna, musamman Javanese da Larabci. Amma takardar shaidarsa ta makarantar sakandare ba ta ba shi izinin shiga karatun zane-zane a jami'a ba.

## Shekaru da tafiye-tafiye na dalibai
A shekara ta 1946, Ras ya shiga karatun musamman na karatun Indonesia_language" id="mwIQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian don ma'aikata na gaba tare da aikin mulkin mallaka na Dutch. Koyaya, ci gaban siyasa a cikin Dutch East Indies na lokacin ya sa ya fahimci cewa babu makoma ga ma'aikatan gwamnati na Dutch a wannan ƙasar. Bayan ya sauya zuwa tattalin arziki na ɗan lokaci, ya bar Netherlands zuwa Faransa, inda ya sami aiki a aikin ginin madatsar ruwa. A nan ilimin da ya samu na Larabci, wanda ya samu a karatun Indonesiya, ya tsaya shi cikin matsayi mai kyau, saboda yawancin ma'aikatan 'yan Arewacin Afirka ne. Ya sami ɗanɗano don tafiya kuma ya yi tafiya zuwa Libya, Misira, da Aden. Lokacin da ya dawo Netherlands, ya yi horo na aikin kasa kuma bayan haka, yana da shekaru 24, ya nemi aiki tare da kamfanin Rotterdam na Internatio (wanda yanzu ake kira Internatio-Müller). An tura shi Indonesia, inda ya yi aiki a Batavia a lokacin. Daga baya an tura shi a matsayin wakilin Banjarmasin, a kudu maso gabashin Kalimantan, don sayen roba daga masu shuka na gida. Wannan ba tare da haɗarinsa ba a cikin dangantakar da ke tsakanin Netherlands da Indonesia a waɗannan shekarun. Kungiyoyin kwadago na hagu na yankin sun kasance masu adawa da babban birnin mulkin mallaka, wanda suka dauki Internatio a matsayin wakilin al'ada. A wasu daga cikin zanga-zangar tashin hankali an yi wa Ras barazana akai-akai. Misali, da zarar wasu ma'aikatan da aka kori sun yi amfani da magungunan gargajiya don yin sihiri a gidansa. Kamar yadda ya zama ba zai yiwu ya sake yin aikinsa ba, sai ya koma Netherlands.

Kasancewarsa a Borneo ya ba Ras sha'awar Indonesia a duk fannoni, duk da haka. Farfesa na Malay na lokacin, Drewes, ya shawarce shi da ya yi ƙoƙari ya sami takardar shaidar mai fassara / mai fassara na Indonesiya da aka gabatar kwanan nan. Ya wuce jarrabawar wannan takardar shaidar, wanda ya cancanci shiga jami'a.

## manazarta