open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Bill Montgomery (mai fafutuka)

**William Thomas Montgomery** (29 ga Mayu, 1940 - 28 ga Yuli, 2020) ɗan kasuwa ne na Amurka kuma mai fafutuka mai ra'ayin mazan jiya. Ya kafa kungiyar siyasa mai ra'ayin mazan jiya Turning Point USA tare da Charlie Kirk; Montgomery ya zama mai ba da shawara ga Kirk kuma ya yi aiki a bayan fage a lokacin da aka kafa kungiyar. Ya mutu ne sakamakon matsalolin COVID-19 a ranar 28 ga Yuli, 2020.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Montgomery a ranar 29 ga Mayu, 1940, a Lincoln, Nebraska, kuma ya girma a Peoria, Illinois. Ya yi aiki a cikin Sojojin Sama na Amurka . 

## Ayyuka da gwagwarmaya
Montgomery ya yi aiki a cikin tallace-tallace.[1] Bayan ya yi ritaya, ya kafa Turning Point USA tare da Charlie Kirk a shekarar 2012. Ya yi aiki a kwamitin Turning Point kuma a matsayin sakatarensa da kuma mai ba da kuɗi har zuwa bazara na 2019. [2] Montgomery ta sadu da Kirk lokacin da yake da shekaru 18, bayan ta ji Kirk yayi magana a wani karamin kwaleji.[2] An bayyana Montgomery a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Kirk, gami da shawararsa da ya fara Turning Point USA maimakon halartar kwaleji. Montgomery kuma ya ba da kudade na farko ga ƙungiyar.[3][2]

## Mutuwa
Ya mutu ne sakamakon rikitarwa daga COVID-19 a ranar 28 ga Yuli, 2020, yana da shekaru 80.  Charlie Kirk ya kira shi "aboki mai ƙauna" wanda gudummawarsa ta tsara tsara masu gwagwarmayar ra'ayin mazan jiya. TPUSA ta girmama Montgomery a matsayin mutum "mai ban sha'awa" wanda "bautarsa mai ƙarfi" ta gina kungiyar.

## Manazarta
Otal din fada

## Fim din

* Otal din Palace (fim) 

## Wuraren da aka yi

### Ostiraliya

* Otal din Palace, Broken Hill, New South Wales, mashaya
* Otal din Palace, Childers, Queensland
* Otal din Palace, Perth, Yammacin Ostiraliya
* Otal din Palace, Kalgoorlie, Yammacin Ostiraliya

### China

* Peace Hotel South Building, tsohon Palace Hotel, Shanghai

### Denmark

* Otal din Palace (Copenhagen) 

### Misira

* Otal din Sofitel Winter Palace, Luxor

### Finland

* Otal din Palace, Helsinki

* Otal din Palace, Miskolc-Lillafüred, Hungary

### Japan

* Otal din Palace, Tokyo

### Poland

* Fadar, otal a Poland da Gestapo ta yi amfani da ita a lokacin mamayar Nazi, inda aka kawo Jadwiga Apostoł

### Portugal

* Fadar Buçaco, Serra do Buçaco da Mealhada

### Romania

* Athenee Palace Hilton Bucharest Hotel

### Rasha

* Otal din Palace, Rostov-on-Don

### Slovenia

* Kempinski Palace Portorož, tsohon Palace Hotel

### Switzerland

* Otal din Badrutt's Palace, St. Moritz, Switzerland

### Turkiyya

* Fadar Mardan, Lara, Antalya

### Ƙasar Ingila

* Otal din Palace, Bristol, mashaya
* Otal din Palace, Buxton
* Otal din Palace, London, yanzu wani bangare ne na 1 Palace Street1 titin fadar
* Otal din Birkdale Palace, Lancashire
* Otal din Regent Palace, London
* Otal din Strand Palace, London
* Babban Manchester, a baya Palace Hotel, Manchester

### Amurka

* Otal din Palace, San Francisco, California Palace Hotel Residential Tower
** Hasumiyar Gida ta Palace
* Otal din Palace (Ukiah, California) , wanda aka jera a cikin National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) a cikin Mendocino County, California
* Otal din Palace (Antonito, Colorado) , wanda aka jera a kan NRHP a Conejos County, Coloradoan jera su a kan NRHP a Conejos County, Colorado
* Otal din Palace (Cripple Creek, Colorado) , wani wuri a cikin wani labari na Haunted History*Tarihin da aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi*
* Otal din Brown Palace (Denver, Colorado) 
* Otal din Palace (Butler, Missouri) , wanda aka jera a kan NRHP a Missourian jera su a kan NRHP a Missouri
* Otal din Palace (Springfield, Missouri) , wanda aka jera a kan NRHP a Greene County, Missourian jera su a kan NRHP a Greene County, Missouri
* Otal din Palace (Missoula, Montana) 
* Otal din Palace (Gallup, New Mexico) , wanda aka jera a kan NRHP a cikin McKinley County, New Mexicoan jera su a kan NRHP a cikin McKinley County, New Mexico
* Otal din Lotte New York Palace, New York
* Otal din Cincinnatian, tsohon Otal din Palace, Cincinnati, Ohio
* Otal din Lane (Eugene, Oregon) , wanda aka jera a kan NRHP a matsayin Otal din Palace
* Otal din Palace, Heppner, Oregon (ya rushe) 
* Otal din Brown Palace (Mobridge, Dakota ta Kudu) 
* Otal din Palace (Houston) , Texas, wanda aka jera a kan NRHP
* Otal din Palace (Port Townsend, Washington)

## Dubi kuma

* Fadar sarauta
* Cibiyar Al'adu ta Kudancin Kudancin, Chicago, Illinois, an yi amfani da ita azaman saiti don Palace Hotel Ballroom a cikin Blues Brothers*The Blues Brothers*
Calung

**Calung** (Sundanese) wani nau'in bamboo xylophone ne na Indonesian  ya samo asali ne daga al'adun Baduy kuma ana amfani dashi a wasan kwaikwayo na Baduy, Bantenese, Sundanese, Banyumasan, da Balinese. Calung (kayan aiki) ya ƙunshi bututun bamboo da yawa waɗanda aka buga a tushe don samar da sauti mai laushi.

A cikin Balinese Gamelan gong kebyar, ana iya sanin jublag na metalophone da *Calung*, yana da kewayon octave ɗaya, kuma ana amfani dashi gabaɗaya don kunna waƙoƙi na tsakiya.

In Banyumas, southwestern Central Java in Indonesia, when Calung is referred to as an ensemble, it uses multiple bamboo instruments and is composed of singers and dancers. The ensemble is characterized by a variety of traits that include: interlocking melodies and rhythm, abrupt changes in tempo, as well as syncopated rhythm and humorous vocals. Calung (the ensemble) is present at many celebratory gatherings, and its dancers are sometimes related to prostitution. &#x5B;*&#x20;&#x2013; discuss*&#x5D; 

A ranar 18 ga Nuwamba na shekara ta 2010, UNESCO ta amince da angklung na Indonesiya wanda ya haɗa da kayan kida na calung a matsayin Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity, kuma ta ƙarfafa mutanen Indonesiya da gwamnatin Indonesiya don karewa, watsawa, inganta wasan kwaikwayon da ƙarfafa ƙwarewar angklung. [1] A cikin 2011, al'adun calung an gane su a matsayin Al'adun Al'adu na Kasa na Indonesia ta Ma'aikatar Ilimi da Al'adu ta Indonesia.[2]

## Magana
Calung shine ainihin sunan itacen *Diospyros macrophylla* a cikin Harshen Sundanese (''ki calung'', a zahiri: itace calung),  a matsayin kayan kida, bisa ga *A Dictionary of the Sunda language* by Jonathan Rigg (1862), calung kayan kida ne mara kyau da ake kira, kasancewar rabin goma sha biyu na bamboo da aka ɗaure da igiya, kamar matakai na tsani, kuma lokacin da aka rataye, an buga shi da ɗan itace. 

## Kayan aiki
Calung yana aiki ta hanyar yanke ɓangarori da yawa na bututun bamboo don ƙirƙirar farar lokacin da aka buga shi. Don yin Calung a cikin al'adar Sundanese, ana haɗa saiti na bututun bamboo tare ta hanyar ramuka da aka yanke a cikin bututun. Kuna iya kunna Calung ko dai an dakatar da shi; kuna kunna bututun yayin da suke rataye a gabanku, ko kuma kuna iya sanya su a fadin bamboo frame kuma ku kunna shi kamar xylophone.

## Gidan wasan kwaikwayo

Fayil:Angklung-kolintang.jpg| performance in Frankfurt, Germany.
Fayil:Baduy_van_de_residentie_Banten,_West-Java,_Jannes_Theodorus_Bik_(attributed_to),_c._1816_-_c._1846.jpg|An illustration of a Sundanese Baduy man playing a calung by Jannes Theodorus Bik, c. 1816–1846 .
Fayil:Bali,_gamelan_player_2.jpg|A Rindhik musical instrument (Balinese calung style) from Bali, Indonesia.
Fayil:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Slaginstrument_van_bamboe_met_vijf_buizen_TMnr_1057-4a.jpg|Calung Jinjing


## Dubi kuma
 

* Gamelan
* Waƙoƙin Sunda
* Waƙoƙin Java
* Waƙoƙin Bali

## Manazarta
Squatch

Squatch (wanda aka samo daga Sasquatch) shine ƙungiyar mascot don Seattle SuperSonics, ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasa (NBA) wacce a da take a Seattle, Washington. Tsakanin farkonsa na 1993 da ƙauran ƙungiyar zuwa Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, a cikin 2008, Squatch ya bayyana a fiye da abubuwan 175 a shekara, kuma yana tare da ƙungiyar a lokacin da suke gudu zuwa 1996 NBA Finals.

A cikin 2007, Chris Ballew na ƙungiyar rock Shuwagabannin Amurka sun rubuta kuma suka yi waƙa game da mascot. A wannan shekarar, Squatch ya yi ƙoƙari ya kafa tarihin duniya tare da tsalle na ƙafa 30 akan kankara mai layi, a kan motocin da 'yan wasan NBA Ray Allen da Robert Swift suka mallaka.

Tarihin Edmonton Rush Lacrosse Club's yeti mascot, Slush, ya bayyana tarihin da haruffan biyu suka girma tare a cikin tsaunukan Cascade. Squatch ya bayyana yayin wasan farko na Rush don "koyar da" Slush yadda ake zama ƙwararren mascot.

Bayan tafiyar SuperSonics zuwa Oklahoma City, halin ya yi ritaya, kuma ya kasance wani ɓangare na dukiyar ilimi (suna, launuka, da sauransu) waɗanda birnin Seattle ya riƙe a matsayin wani ɓangare na yarjejeniyar hayar KeyArena. Mai yin wasan kwaikwayon daga 1999 zuwa 2008 (Marc Taylor) ya kasance ƙarƙashin kwangila tare da ƙungiyar da aka ƙaura, a halin yanzu yana aiki azaman Rumble the Bison, mascot na Thunder.

## Manazarta
Adam Beveridge

Adam J. Beveridge (Disamba 28, 1826 - Satumba 29, 1907)  ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan asalin ƙasar Scotland kuma ɗan kasuwa ne kuma ɗan siyasa a New Brunswick, Kanada. Ya wakilci gundumar Victoria a Majalisar Dokoki ta New Brunswick daga 1895 zuwa 1899 a matsayin memba na Liberal.

An haife shi a Kinross-shire, ɗan William Beveridge, kuma ya zo Kanada tare da ɗan uwansa Benjamin yana ɗan shekara 15. Beveridge ya zauna a Andover kuma ya yi hidima a majalisar birni. Ya auri Hannah Britt. Beveridge ya kasance mai ƙidayar jama'a don Sabuwar Ƙididdigar Brunswick ta 1851.

## Manazarta
Hemithorakion

Hemithorakion (Girkanci: ημιθωράκιο) (hemi-thorax) tsohon makami ne na Girka wanda ya rufe tsakiyar tsakiya ko yankin ciki. An yi imanin wanda ya ƙirƙira shi ne sarkin Tasaliya Jason na Pherae. Kayan aiki ne na jami’ai, ba na sojoji na gama-gari ba[Plutarch ya rubuta cewa Pelopidas da sojojinsa sun sanya hemithorakia a lokacin yakin korar Spartans daga Thebes a 379, yakin da Pelopidas da mutanensa suka yi kama da mata. A cikin fasaha, ana ganin gabaɗaya akan jarumai mata, waɗanda ke tabbatar da asusun Plutarch. Misalai a cikin fasaha sun haɗa da zane-zane da yawa akan Amazons. Wani sabon nau'in terracotta wanda ba a saba ba daga Morgantina, wanda ya kasance daga farkon rabin karni na huɗu, ya nuna Artemis sanye da hemithorakia yayin da yake sadaukar da barewa. 

## Manazarta
Ga akwai

**A nan** yana iya nufin:Akwai 

## Waƙoƙi

*  (Album na Adrian Belew) , 1994
*  (Album din Alicia Keys) , 2016
* A nan (Album Cal Tjader), 1979
*  (Album na Edward Sharpe) , 2012
*  (album din Idina Menzel) , 2004
*  (Merzbow album) , 2008
*  (Nicolay album) , 2006
*  (album na Leo Sayer) , 1979
* A nan (Teenage Fanclub album), 2016
* "A nan" (Waƙar Alessia Cara) , 2015
* "A nan" (Waƙar Grace) , 2008
* "A nan" (waƙar Rascal Flatts) , 2008
* "A nan" (waƙar Tom Grennan) , 2023
* "A nan" (waƙar 1954) , waƙar tare da kiɗa ta Harold Grant da kalmomin Dorcas Cochran
* A nan (Waƙar zane) , 2016
* "A nan (A cikin Arms) ", waƙar 2006 ta Hellogoodbye
* "A nan", waƙar 1971 ta Amurka daga kundi na farko mai suna
* "A nan", waƙar 2014 ta Christine da Queens daga Chaleur humaine*Zafin ɗan adam*
* "A nan", waƙar 2018 ta David Byrne daga American Utopia*Utopia na Amurka*
* "A nan", waƙar 1992 ta Pavement daga Slanted da Enchanted*An dasa shi kuma an yi masa farin ciki*
* "A nan", waƙar 2018 ta Sasha Alex Sloan daga Sad Girl*Yarinya Mai Rashin Zuciya*

## Fim da talabijin

*  (fim na 2003)  (Tu), fim din Croatian wanda Zrinko Ogresta ya jagoranta
*  (fim na 2009) , fim din Singapore wanda Tzu Nyen Ho ya jagoranta
*  (fim na 2011) , wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka wanda Braden King ya jagoranta
*  (fim na 2023)  fim ne na Belgium wanda Bas Devos ya jagoranta
*  (fim na 2024)  wani wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka wanda Robert Zemeckis ya jagoranta
* A nan TV (a baya "a nan!"), cibiyar talabijin
* "A nan" (2019), fitowar farko ta Green Eggs and Ham (jerin talabijin)  

## Abinci

* A nan (ya'yan inabi) , wani suna ga ruwan inabi na Faransa Fer Gros Verdot, wani ruwan inabi ya Faransa wanda aka fi sani da Hère Béquignol noir, wani ruwan 'ya'yan itace na Faransa wanda aka kuma sani da Here's
** Gros Verdot, wani ruwan inabi na Faransa wanda aka fi sani da Hère
** Béquignol noir, wani ruwan inabi na Faransa wanda aka fi sani da Here's

## Sauran

* *A nan*, sunan Tsohon Ingilishi don sojoji masu mamayewa ko ƙungiya mai mamayewa wanda ke dauke da mutane sama da talatin da biyar
* A nan (comics), an buga shi a cikin mujallar *RAW*
* "A nan", waka ta Philip Larkin
*  (wasan) , na Michael Frayn
* A nan, Prozor, ƙauye a Bosnia da Herzegovina
* HERE Arts Center, New York City off-off-Broadway kungiyar
* Ma'aikatan Otal da Ma'aikatan Gidan Gida, ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta Amurka da ke wakiltar ma'aikatan masana'antar baƙi
* Here Technologies, kamfanin taswira Here WeGo (tsohon Here Maps), aikace-aikacen hannu da gidan yanar gizon taswira ta Here Technologies
** A nan WeGo (a baya A nan Taswira), aikace-aikacen hannu da gidan yanar gizon taswira ta Here Technologies
* A nan (zane-zane) , zane-zane na 2013 na Thomson & Craighead

## Dubi kuma

* Barin
* Ji (disambiguation) 
* Hera, allahiyar Girka wacce ake rubuta sunanta a wasu lokuta *Hērē*
* A nan takarda
* A nan da Yanzu (disambiguation) 
* Metaphysics na kasancewar
* All pages with titles beginning with Here
Kenneth Bullington

**Kenneth Bullington** (Janairu 11, 1913 - Mayu 30, 1984) ya kasance Injiniyan lantarki na Amurka wanda aka sani da karatunsa na Yaduwar rediyo.

Bullington yana aiki a Bell Labs, Holmdel, New Jersey. Tsakanin 1950-1951, ya yi bincike na farko game da Yaduwar tropospheric, tattara bayanai a kan hanyoyin da ke da tsawon kilomita 200 zuwa 300, kuma ya nuna yiwuwar aikace-aikace don sadarwa a cikin takardu da aka buga a cikin Proceedings of the I.R.E. a cikin 1950 da 1953. A shekara ta 1953, ya kuma buga labarin farko da ke nuna tsarin rediyo na salula a cikin "Frequency Economy in Mobile Radio Bands".

Bullington ya karbi lambar yabo ta IEEE Morris N. Liebmann Memorial Award ta 1956 "saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga ilimin watsawar tropospheric bayan sararin samaniya, da kuma amfani da ka'idodin irin wannan watsawa ga tsarin sadarwa na aiki", da kuma lambar yabo ta Stuart Ballantine ta Cibiyar Franklin ta 1956 don karatunsa na sadarwa ta sararin samaniya.

## Ayyukan da aka zaɓa

* "Tattalin Arziki a cikin Mobile Radio Bands", Bell System Technical Journal, kundi 32: 42 da kuma. Sai dai. Janairu 1953.
* K. Bullington, W. J. Inkster, da A. L. Durkee, "Wasu ma'aunin yaduwar tropospheric kusa da sararin samaniya", Ayyukan IRE, Oktoba 1955, shafuka 1336-1340.
* "Radio Propagation Fundamentals", The Bell System Technical Journal, Vol. XXXVI, No. 3, shafuffuka 593-626, Mayu 1957.
* "Radio Propagation for Vehicular Communications", IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. VT-26, No. 4, Nuwamba 1977.

## Manazarta

* Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a wannan talifin a dandalin www.jw.org/ha. Agusta 1984.
* Binciken da ba a sani ba, Zaɓuɓɓukan Takardun a cikin Tarihin Shirin Yankin Yankin Yammacin Amurka, Volume III: Amfani da Yankin, shafi na 25
Kamfanin Dakota Valley Electric Cooperative

Dakota Valley Electric Cooperative hadin gwiwar jama'a ce da ke zaune a Milnor da Edgeley, North Dakota . Yana aiki a matsayin mai amfani da rarraba wutar lantarki a wani ɓangare na kudu maso gabashin North Dakota. Yana karɓar wutar lantarki daga Babban Kungiyar Wutar Lantarki.

An kafa kwarin Dakota ne ta hanyar haɗuwa da tsohon kamfanin James Valley Electric Cooperative wanda ke Edgeley da tsohon kamfanin RSR Electric Cooperative da ke Milnor. A shekara ta 2005, Dakota Valley ta shiga yarjejeniyar raba albarkatu tare da makwabciyarta ta arewa, Northern Plains Electric Cooperative, wanda ke ba ta damar aiki a matsayin babban hadin gwiwa yayin da ta kasance kamfanoni biyu daban-daban.

## Haɗin waje

* Gidan yanar gizon Dakota Valley Electric Cooperative

* Google Littattafai haɗi Tushen da yawa don Dakota Valley Electric Cooperative
Fredy Nasser

Fredy Antonio Nasser Selman (an haife shi 4 Yuni 1956)  ɗan kasuwa ne na Honduras, shugaban rukunin Terra (Grupo Terra). Ƙungiyar ta haɗa da Petroleos de Honduras (Hondupetrol) da Interairports. Daga 2001 zuwa 2006 kungiyar ta kashe sama da dala miliyan 300. Wani bincike da Gidauniyar Friedrich Ebert ta yi a shekara ta 2006 mai suna Nasser daya daga cikin “mafi karfin mazaje a Honduras” (tare da “Maganin makamashi Schucry Kafie, da ma’aikacin banki da masana’antu Jaime Rosenthal”)

Nasser ya kammala karatun digiri ne a fannin gine-gine na Jami'ar Texas A&M. Shi ɗan'uwan Maria del Carmen Nasser ne, an naɗa jakada a Chile,   kuma surukin Miguel Facussé Barjum.

## Manazarta
Neterion

Neterion, wanda aka kafa azaman S2io a cikin Satumba 2001,  kamfani ne na fasahar Amurka. Ya ba da kayan aikin sadarwar, musamman ga IBM da Hewlett-Packard.  A cikin 2010, Exar ya sayi Neterion akan dalar Amurka $11,000,000.

## Manazarta
Makarantar tunani

**makarantar tunani**, ko **al'adar ilimi**, ita ce hangen nesa na ƙungiyar mutane waɗanda ke da halaye na ra'ayi ko hangen nesa na falsafar,  horo, imani, motsi na zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, motsi ya al'adu, ko motsi na fasaha. 

## Tarihi
Maganar ta zama kalmar gama-gari wacce ake amfani da ita don bayyana masu tunani iri ɗaya ko waɗanda ke mai da hankali kan ra'ayi ɗaya.  Amfani da kalmar wuri ne na kowa. &#x5B;*>*&#x5D;

Makarantu galibi ana nuna su da kuɗin su, don haka ana rarraba su cikin "sabon" da "tsoffin" makarantu. Akwai yarjejeniya, a fannonin siyasa da falsafa na tunani, don samun makarantun tunani na "zamani" da "na gargajiya". Misali shine masu sassaucin ra'ayi na zamani da na gargajiya. Wannan dichotomy sau da yawa wani bangare ne na canjin tsari. Koyaya, ba sau da yawa ba ne cewa akwai makarantu biyu kawai a kowane filin da aka ba su.

Sau da yawa ana kiran makarantu bayan wadanda suka kafa su kamar "Makarantar Rinzai" ta Zen, mai suna Linji Yixuan; da makarantar Asharite ta falsafar Musulmi ta farko, mai suna Abu l'Hasan al-Ashari. Sau da yawa ana kiran su ne bayan wuraren da suka samo asali, kamar makarantar falsafar Ionia, wacce ta samo asali ne a Ionia; makarantar gine-gine ta Chicago, wacce ta fito ne a Chicago, Illinois; makarantar ilimin harshe ta Prague, mai suna bayan ƙungiyar harshe da aka kafa a Prague; da kuma Makarantar Semiotic ta Tartu-Moscow, wacce wakilan ta ke zaune a Tartu da Moscow.

Misali na makarantar tunani a cikin Kristanci (da Gnosticism) shine Neoplatonism, wanda ya rinjayi Tunanin Kirista sosai, daga Augustinianism zuwa Renaissance / Humanism har zuwa yau.

## Dubi kuma

* Bayani game da rubutun falsafa
* Jerin falsafanci
* Tunanin
* Halin da ake nufi
* Motsi na falsafa
* Ra'ayi na Duniya

## Manaarta
Addinin Allahntaka

pantheism na halitta, wanda aka fi sani da pantheism na kimiyya, wani nau'i ne na pantheism. An yi amfani da shi ta hanyoyi daban-daban kamar su danganta Allah ko allahntaka tare da abubuwa masu mahimmanci,  ƙaddara,  ko kuma ainihin sararin samaniya.  Daga waɗannan ra'ayoyin, ana ganin Allah a matsayin jimillar duk abubuwan da suka faru na halitta. Sau da yawa ana danganta wannan magana da falsafar Baruch Spinoza,  kodayake masana kimiyya sun bambanta akan yadda ake amfani da shi. Masu bin addinin halitta sun yi imanin cewa Allah shine dukan sararin samaniya kuma Allah yana magana ta hanyar tsarin kimiyya.

## Ma'anar sassan
Kalmar "pantheism" ta samo asali ne dabi'a kalmomin Helenanci pan (Girkanci), ma'ana "duk," da *theos* (Girkancin: θεός), ma'anar Allah. Joseph Raphson ne ya kirkiro shi a cikin aikinsa De spatio reali, wanda aka buga a shekara ta 1697.  Marubucin Irish John Toland ne ya gabatar da kalmar zuwa Turanci a cikin aikinsa na 1705 Socinianism Truly Stated, By A Pantheist, wanda ya bayyana pantheism a matsayin "ra'ayin waɗanda suka yi imani da babu wani abu na har abada sai sararin samaniya". Kalmar "naturalistic" ta samo asali ne daga kalmar "naturalism", wanda ke da ma'anoni da yawa a falsafar da kyawawan abubuwa. A cikin falsafar, kalmar sau da yawa tana nuna ra'ayi cewa komai na duniyar halitta ne kuma ana iya nazarin shi tare da hanyoyin da suka dace don nazarin wannan duniyar, watau, kimiyya. Gabaɗaya yana nuna rashin imani da halittu masu ban mamaki.

## Ra'ayoyi na farko
Joseph Needham, masanin zamani na Burtaniya na falsafar kasar Sin da kimiyya, ya gano Taoism da fasahar Wuxing a matsayin "tsarin halitta wanda ke jaddada hadin kai da ba da labari na ayyukan Halitta". Wannan falsafar za a iya sanya ta zuwa ƙarshen karni na 4 KZ. Makarantar falsafar Helenistic ta Stoicism (wanda ya fara a farkon karni na 3 KZ)  ya ki amincewa da ra'ayin dualist na ra'ayi mai kyau / mai hankali da kuma kayan aiki, kuma ya gano ainihin Allah tare da dukan sararin samaniya da sama.  Koyaya, ba duk masana falsafa da suka yi haka ba za a iya rarraba su a matsayin masu bin addinin halitta ba.

## Ra'ayoyin zamani
Naturalistic pantheism was expressed by various thinkers, including Giordano Bruno, who was burned at the stake for his views. The 17th-century Jewish Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza became particularly known for it, receiving a *herem* for his work. In 1705, the Irish writer John Toland endorsed a form of pantheism in which the "God-soul" is identical with the material universe. German naturalist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919) proposed a monistic pantheism in which the idea of God is identical with that of nature or substance. The World Pantheist Movement, started in 1999, describes naturalistic pantheism as including reverence for the universe, realism, strong naturalism, and respect for reason and the scientific method as methods of understanding the world. Paul Harrison considers its position the closest modern equivalent to Toland's.

## Dubi kuma

## Manazarta
Makera(waƙar)

"Blacksmith", wanda aka fi sani da "A Blacksmith Courted Me", waƙar gargajiya ce ta Turanci da aka jera a matsayin lamba 816 a cikin Roud Folk Song Index .

## Fassarar gargajiya
An rubuta wannan waƙar a ƙasa daga wata mata mai suna Mrs. Ellen Powell daga Westhope, kusa da Weobley a Herefordshire, a shekarar 1909, daga Ralph Vaughan Williams. Ana iya samun rubutaccen nau'in waƙar a yanar gizo daga **Vaughan Williams Memorial Library**. A lokacin da aka rubuta ta, an rera waƙar da amsa da wakar *"Monk's Gate"*, wadda aka fi sani da wakar *"To be a pilgrim"*, waƙar addini da **John Bunyan** ya rubuta. Ana amfani da wannan irin amsa (tune) a wasu lokuta wajen rera waƙar *"Our Captain Cried"*, wadda ake iya ɗaukarta a matsayin wani nau'in irin wannan waƙar.

George

Yawancin mawaƙa na gargajiya daga kudancin Ingila sun rubuta waƙoƙin, kamar matafiya Phoebe Smith (1969)  da Caroline Hughes (1963/66),  Harry Brazil na Gloucestershire, George "Pop" Maynard na Sussex (1962),  Tom Willett na Surrey (1960),  Charlie Scamp na Kent (1954). Ana iya jin rikodin Tom Willet, Phoebe Smith, Caroline Hughes da George "Pop" Maynard ta hanyar shafin yanar gizon Vaughan Williams Memorial Library.

## Shahararrun rikodin
An rubuta waƙar sau da yawa. Steeleye Span ya kuma jagoranci kundi biyu na *Harka! * na studio Hark! The Village Wait (1970) da Please to See the King (1971) tare da nau'o'i daban-daban na waƙar; ana iya jin sa a kan wasu kundin su na rayuwa. Andy Irvine ya raira shi a kan kundi na farko na Planxty Planxty (1973), Loreena McKennitt a kan Elemental (1985), Pentangle a kan kundin So Early in the Spring (1989),  da Eddi Reader a kan *Mirmama* (1992). Maddy Prior (na Steeleye Span) kuma tana raira waƙar a cappella a kan kundin solo dinta Ballads and Candles (2000).

Saboda waƙar tana da cikakken tarihi kuma an yayata ta ta hanyar **English Folk Dance and Song Society**, **The Broadside Ballads Project**, da kuma **Mainly Norfolk**, an ɗauki waƙar a cikin waƙofin da **Jon Boden** da **Oli Steadman** suka rera domin saka su a cikin jerin waƙofin gargajiya na kowace rana da suka kira *"A Folk Song A Day"* da kuma *"365 Days Of Folk"*.

Har ila yau, akwai nau'ikan Martin Simpson da Kathy & Carol, The Critics Group, Shirley Collins,  Barbara Dickson a kan kundin Do Right Woman, Phil Cooper a kan kundin Pretty Susan, Scatter the Mud a kan kundin In the Mood . Linda Ronstadt ta ba da fassarar a cappella a kan kundin tarihin 1990 *Rubáiyát* . Barry Dransfield ya rubuta wani nau'i mai ban mamaki na sauti. Jah Wobble ya rubuta wani nau'in waƙar a cikin kundin sa na 1996 English Roots Music . Ruwa ta rubuta wani *Kishi* a cikin kundi na farko na Jealousy .

Don rubutun ra'ayi tare da sassan waƙa, duba shafin yanar gizon Reinhard Zierke.

## Kalmomin
(wanda Ralph Vaughan Williams ya tattara daga Ellen Powell, 1909) 
 

## Manazarta
Olusegun Olusola

Cif **Olusegun "Segun" Olusola** (Ṣẹgun Oluṣọla; 18 Maris 1935 – 21 Yuni 2012) ɗan Najeriya ne mai shirya shirye-shiryen talabijin, mawallafi kuma jakada. Shi ne marubuci kuma babban mai shirya The Village Headmaster, shirin talabijin mafi tsawon lokaci a Najeriya wanda ya haɗa da taurari.  Justus Esiri da Femi Robinson.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Cif Olusola a Iperu Remo, wani gari a Jihar Ogun, kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. Ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Remo, Sagamu, inda ya sami takardar shaidar makarantar sakandare a Yammacin Afirka a 1947 kafin ya ci gaba zuwa Pittsburgh Jami'ar Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, inda ya samu digiri na farko.

## Ayyuka
Ya koma Najeriya a 1955 don shiga ayyukan Kamfanin Rediyo na Tarayya na Najeriya (FRCN) a matsayin Jami'in watsa shirye-shirye. Ya bar FRCN a 1959 don shiga ayyukan Hukumar Talabijin ta Najeriya, inda ya hau matsayin mai gabatar da zartarwa a 1964, a wannan shekarar da ya rubuta The Village Headmaster .  A shekara ta 1973, ya zama Mataimakin Shugaban Kwamitin Shirye-shiryen Kungiyar watsa shirye-shiryen Najeriya na Wasannin Afirka na Biyu. A shekara ta 1965, ya zama mai kula da shirye-shirye a Hukumar watsa shirye-shiryen Najeriya. Ya yi aiki a wannan matsayin na tsawon shekaru tara kafin a nada shi Darakta na Shirye-shirye a NTA Legas a shekara ta 1974, matsayin da ya rike na tsawon shekaru biyu kafin ya zama Janar Manajan a shekara ta 1976. A shekara ta 1978, an nada shi a matsayin Darakta na tsawon shekaru tara.   A shekara ta 1987, Janar Ibrahim Babangida, tsohon shugaban soja ya nada shi a matsayin Jakada a Habasha da Kungiyar hadin kan Afirka. Olusola ya mutu a ranar 21 ga Yuni 2012 yana da shekaru 77 bayan ɗan gajeren rashin lafiya. 

## Littattafai
Ya wallafa littattafai da yawa, daga cikinsu The Village Headmaster (1977), Some Notes on 20 Years of Television in Nigeria (1979), Performing Arts, Broadcasting, Culture and National Development (2004), da Footprints in the Sands of Time (2005). Bugu da kari, takwarorinsa da wasu da yawa sun ambaci shi kuma a cikin 2002, Akin Iroko ya rubuta wani littafi wanda ya shafi tarihin rayuwarsa. 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Winnifred Selby

**Winnifred Kyei Selby** matashi ne ɗan kasuwa na zamantakewa al'umma na Ghana kuma shugaban kungiyar EPF Educational Empowerment Initiative da ke Kumasi, yankin Ashanti na Ghana . Ta kafa kungiyar Ghana Bamboo Bike Initiative tare da Bernice Dapaah tana da shekaru 15.   A lokacin da take da shekaru 17, ta kafa wani kasuwanci, Afrocentric Bamboo Initiative .   A cikin 2018, ta zama 'yar Ghana ta farko da aka shigar da ita cikin Royal Institute of Singapore . 

## Ilimi da aiki
Selby ta halarci Kwalejin Joy Standard .  Har ila yau, tsohuwar Jami'ar Cambridge ce mai jagorantar canjin Ilimi na Zartarwa da Fellow na Royal Commonwealth Society .  Ta kafa kungiyar Ghana Bamboo Bike Initiative tare da Bernice Dapaah tana da shekaru 15 da kuma Afrocentric Bamboo Initiative tana da shekaru 17 bayan kammala karatun sakandare.

## Kyaututtuka da nasarorin

* Anzisha Prize Fellow 
* Taron Tattalin Arziki na Duniya mai tsarawa 
* memba na kwamitin Dawadawa Impact Investment Fund
* memba na kwamitin SHE Scholarships Fund na EPF Educational Empowerment Initiative.
* Wanda ya kammala gasar cin kofin mata na Cartier na 2014 
* Kyautar Airtel mai daraja Touching Lives 2014 
* An girmama ta 2015 World of Children Award a New York  
* Wanda ya lashe kyautar Sabuwar Mace ta Afirka a Kimiyya, Fasaha & Innovation ta 2016 
* Wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Sarauniya ta Matashi ta 2017   
* An nuna shi a cikin Forbes a matsayin daya daga cikin 'yan kasuwa na zamantakewa a Afirka don kallo 
* Dan Ghana na farko da za a shigar da shi cikin Royal Institute of Singapore 
* Ta dauki bakuncin jawabin TED tare da TEDx Accra 
* Tsohon Shugaban Amurka, Barack Obama ya gayyace shi ya zama wani ɓangare na Taron Kasuwanci na Duniya na 2015 a Nairobi, Kenya 

## Ayyukan agaji da gwagwarmaya

### Shirin Karfafa Ilimi na EPL
Don rushe shingen ilimi da kuma karfafa matasa daga al'ummomin da suka talau, Selby ya kafa shirin karfafa ilimi na EPF . 

### Winnifred's Menstrual Pads for Dignity
Ta kuma kafa Winnifred's Menstrual Pads for Dignity Project wanda ke ba da samfuran haila kyauta ga 'yan mata masu bukata a cikin gundumomin da suka fi talauci a Ghana.

### Shirye-shiryen Abinci Mai Farin Ciki
Selby ta fara shirin Happy Feed, wanda ke tallafawa gwamnatin Ghana ta ciyar da makarantar kyauta da kuma shirin tufafi kyauta. Wannan shirin yana samar da sabbin takalma da sauran kayan ilimi kamar jaka, littattafai, da lissafi ga yara masu bukata a makaranta a cikin al'ummomin da suka talau.

### Kwalejin 'yan mata ta Ghana
Tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da jami'o'i masu zaman kansu a Ghana, ta kuma fara shirin Kwalejin Kwalejin 'yan mata na Ghana wanda ke ba da tallafin karatu ga' yan mata masu basira amma masu bukata.

## Manazarta
No Way Through

***No Way Through*** fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na 2023 wanda Chinaza Onuzo ya jagoranta. Inkblot Productions ne ya samar da fim din, kuma an fitar da shi a wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 8 ga Disamba 2023 . 

## Makirci
No Way Through ya shiga cikin tafiya mai ban sha'awa ta Jolade Okeniyi, uwa ɗaya da ke fuskantar ƙalubalen samar da 'yarta matashiya. Labarin ya bayyana yayin da Jolade kewaya rikitarwa na rayuwa, yana nuna jigogi na juriya, ƙuduri, da haɗin da ba za a iya karyawa tsakanin uwa da ɗanta ba. Matsalolin kudi na Jolade ya kai ta ga aiki a matsayin direba ga ƙungiyar miyagun ƙwayoyi ta gida, ta shiga cikin duniya mai haɗari inda rayuwa ke nufin yin zaɓin da ba za a iya tsammani ba.

## Masu ba da labari

* Chidi Mokeme a matsayin Fasto
* Chioma Akpota a matsayin Deaconess Rebecca
* Ikechukwu Onunaku a matsayin Kirista Ezechime
* Funke Akindele a matsayin Jolade Okeniyi
* Roberta Oroma a matsayin Ejide
* David Avery a matsayin Soja
* Michael Parr a matsayin Soja1
* Tim Plester a matsayin Rob
* Amy Loughton a matsayin Amy
* Nengi Adoki a matsayin Margret
* Seun Ajayi a matsayin Jude Nwafor
* Junior Paparoma a matsayin Lotanna
* Wannan Dike a matsayin Bolasco
* Adekanla Desalu a matsayin Jayjay
* Sheggz Olusemo

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Takalma masu lalacewa

**Trashy Bags Africa** kamfani ne na kasuwanci a Accra, Ghana, wanda ke juya Sharar filastik zuwa jaka masu cin kasuwa, kayan ado, kayan makaranta, da sauran kayayyaki.

Kamfanin yana daukar ma'aikatan Ghana kusan arba'in  don tattara, tsaftacewa da sutura sharar filastik a cikin nau'in Sackets da ke dauke da ruwa *da sauransu.* abin sha. Sau da yawa kunshe-kunshe (Andrady & Neal 2009; Thompson et al. 2009*a) * sun zama datti saboda shirye-shiryen sake amfani da gida da kayan aikin sarrafa sharar gida ba su isa ba.

A Ghana, ana sayar da ruwan sha (wanda aka fi sani da Ruwa Mai Tsarki), yogurt da ruwan 'ya'yan itace a cikin ƙananan jaka na filastik da ake kira sachets. An gabatar da wannan nau'in marufi a Ghana a shekara ta 2004 don samar da ruwan sha mai aminci. Za'a iya buɗe sackets cikin sauƙi a cikin kusurwoyi don sha daga, amma bayan amfani ana watsar da kunshin kuma yawanci zai ƙare a matsayin datti ko a cikin tarin sharar gida.

Kamfanin ya sake sarrafa kusan sachet miliyan 30 tun lokacin da aka kafa shi. Kowace wata ana tattara jakunkuna na filastik kusan 200,000 kuma ana kawo su zuwa Trashy Bags Afirka ta hanyar cibiyar sadarwa ta masu tarawa  da Trashy Bages ke aiki. Ana sayar da kayayyakin ta a cikin gida, ana sayar da su a kan layi, kuma ana fitar da su   zuwa wasu ƙasashe. 

## Tarihi
Mai zane-zane na gida Tei Huagie, wanda ke yin zane-zane daga sharar gida, ya yi jaka na farko daga jakunkuna na filastik. Stuart Gold, masanin gine-gine na Burtaniya kuma ɗan kasuwa, tare da abokin kasuwancinsa na gida Jane Cordie, sun fara kamfanin Trashy Bags a cikin 2007. Da farko, akwai masana'anta a Madina da kuma dakin baje kolin a Accra, amma bayan shekara guda an maye gurbin su da masana'anta da dakin baje kolan a unguwar Dzorwulu ta Accra. Aqua Africa ta sayi Trashy Bags a cikin 2021, ta sake sanya shi zuwa Trashy Bages Africa. 

## Tsarin samarwa

Masu tarawa na yau da kullun suna tattara sachet (musamman sachet na ruwa da kayayyakin da Fan Milk Limited suka yi) daga titunan Accra kuma su kawo su masana'antar, inda ake auna su kuma su sayi su a matsakaici. Ana tsara Sackets kuma ana yanke su a gefen daya don a tsabtace ciki. Bayan tsaftacewa, ana bushe su a rana. Ana ɗora su tare a cikin takalma, waɗanda kuma ana ɗora su don yin jaka. Bayan an haɗa kayan aiki, ana bincika jaka kuma ana aika su zuwa dakin baje kolin a bene na farko na ginin.

## Kayayyakin
Kamfanin yana yin samfuran daban-daban, gami da jaka na kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, jaka, jaka, hular, walets, da jaka masu amfani.

## Dubi kuma

* Kayan kwalliya
* Hawan aiki
* Matsayi na sharar gida
* Tsarin ƙasa

## Manazarta
Erriga

**Erhiga Agarivbie** (an haife shi a ranar 30 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1987), wanda aka fi sani da sunansa na mataki **Erigga**, dan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma mawaƙi nena Najeriya wanda aka haife shi kuma ya girma a Jihar Delta.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Erhiga Agarivbie a ranar 30 ga Maris 1987 a Warri, Jihar Delta, inda ya girma tare da iyalinsa. Shine na farko cikin yara biyar. Ya halarci Makarantar Kasa da Kasa ta Standard don matakin firamare da sakandare. 

## Ayyuka
Erigga ya fara aikin kiɗa a farkon shekara ta 2010. Ya yi aiki tare da masu samarwa da yawa, ciki har da Mr Nolimit, C Major, Beatsbymellow,  da Har ma Prinx Emmanuel . Fitar da kiɗa na farko na Erigga shine "Mo Street Gan". An harbe bidiyon kiɗa na waƙar a Najeriya, wanda AKIN Alabi ya jagoranta. Waƙar ta zama taken waƙar Rediyon Continental.

A cikin 2013, Erigga ya fitar da "Coupé Décalé ft Shuun Bebe". Tashoshin talabijin sun amince da bidiyon kiɗa don waƙar a Najeriya. A farkon shekara ta 2014, ya fitar da wani waka mai taken "Love No Be Garri", tare da Jimoh Waxiu .

A ranar 17 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2017 Erigga ya fitar da kundi A Trip To The South wanda ya hada da Orezi, Shale, Duncan Mighty, da sauransu da yawa. A cikin 2018, Erigga ta fitar da wani waka mai suna "Motivation" wanda ke nuna Victor AD. Wannan waƙar ta sami ra'ayoyi sama da miliyan ɗaya a YouTube.

In 2019, Erigga ya saki albam dinsa mai take "The Erigma 2" Album. &#x5B;**&#x5D;
The body of work, "The Erigma 2" Yanada waqoqi 18 da fitowar mawaqa irinsu Victor AD, Zlatan, Magnito, MI Abaga, Ice Prince, Vector da sauran su. Shi "Erigma 2 album" anyi shine godiya ga Mr Nolimit, C Major, KO Beat, Kulboy Beats, Doka Shot, Lex Amazing, Prinx Emmanuel and co-productions from Beatsbymellow. Shi Album din anyi mix dinshi da kwarewa daga Mr Nolimit. 

A shekara ta 2025, ya lashe kyautar Rap mafi kyau a The Headies don "Family Time"  

## Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa

## Bayanan da aka yi

### Kundin studio

## Manazarta
Daniel O. Nathan

**Daniel Osher Nathan** masanin filosofa ne Dan Kasar Amurka kumaya kasance professor (Farfesa) a fannin Filosofi a Jami'ar Texas Tech . An san shi dalilin kwarewarsa a kan kyawawan abubuwa, ka'idar ɗabi'a, da filosofin doka.

## Ra'ayoyinsa
Nathan ya bada kariya  Matsayi mai adawa da niyya a cikin fassarar kyakkyawa kuma ya yi imanin cewa niyya ta samo asali ne daga kuskuren kwatanci tsakanin zane-zane da magana don sadarwa.

## Dubi kuma

* William K. Wimsatt
* Monroe Beardsley
* Fassarar shari'a
* Fassarar Shari'a

## Inda Aka Samu Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje

* Shafin yanar gizon Daniel O. Nathan
* Takardun Nathan
* Daniel O. Nathan a Jami'ar Texas Tech
Yoota

Yaoota (Larabci: ياقوطة) injin binciken Masar ne na samfuran da ake siyarwa akan layi a Masar. Injin, wanda Forbes ke kiransa da "Sigar Masarautar Google ta Siyayya", ta yi kanun labarai a cikin Oktoba 2015 kan samun mafi girman saka hannun jari a Masar daga ƙungiyar KBBO mai zaman kanta ta UAE, shekara guda bayan ƙaddamarwa. An kuma nuna shi a cikin wani babban matsayi na Forbes a matsayin lamba 2 daga cikin 20 Mafi Alƙawarin Farawa na Masar. Zaɓin sunan Yaota, wanda ke fassara kusan zuwa "Turama Mai Hauka", yana nuna al'adun Masar, wanda ya dogara da wani sanannen mai siyar da titi ya yi ihu a kasuwannin tituna wanda ke yin ba'a ga canjin farashin tumatir da kayan lambu.

## Tarihi
Sherif ElRakabawy da Mohamed Ewis ne suka kafa Yaoota. An kera injin din ne a cikin yanayi mai cike da rudani na siyasa da tsaro, bayan juyin juya halin 25 ga Janairu. Sunan kamfanin da ke bayan injin - Flying Elephant Lab - ya samo asali ne daga labarin wani marubucin jaridar New York Times Thomas Friedman, wanda a cikinsa ya bayyana abin da ya faru na juyin juya halin Masar tare da misalin kallon tashi giwa.

## Fasaha
Injin Yaoota yana amfani da algorithm na mallaka wanda ke aiki kama da fasahar bincike na Google. Yana goge gidan yanar gizo don ɗauko takamaiman bayanan samfur, kuma yana ba da damar masu amfani don bincika daga.

Abubuwan da aka samu

A cikin watan Yuni 2017, Yaoota ya sami manyan dandamalin gano takamaiman waya na MENA mobihall.com da mobilesgate.com, yana kafa Yaoota a matsayin jagorar siyayya ta kan layi  da dandamalin ganowa a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka. Tun daga watan Fabrairun 2019, sawun Yaoota yana aiki a Masar, Saudiyya, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, Kenya da Najeriya.

## Manazarta
Brand Violet

Violet Brand (née Boughton) MBE ( 1929 - 4 Afrilu 2020)  ta kasance marubuciya  a jerin mafi kyawun Spelling na Made Easy.

## Rayuwarsa
An haifi Violet Boughton  a Kasar Canterbury, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'ya huɗu a cikin yaran  iyayen ta  da ke cikin Sojojin Ceto.  Ta kafa Cibiyar kungiya me Suna (Dyslexia) ta Watford kuma ta inganta fahimtar da koyar da yara masu dyslexic a lokacin da akwai babban ƙiyayya a wurare da yawa ga dukan manufar. Fiye da shekaru da yawa ta ba da lokacinta don taimakawa waɗannan yara da kuma malaman su kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta MBE don nuna godiya a gareta . A shekarar 2011 ta kuma sami lambar yabo ta Lifetime Academic Achievement Award daga Ƙungiyar Dyslexia ta Kasar Burtaniya . 

A shekarar 1950, ta auri mijinta me suna Geoffrey Edward Brand, ya kasance ƙwararren mawaƙi kuma mai gudanarwa, kuma mai gabatarwa na Tashar  BBC; 'ya'yansu sun kasance biyu wato Michael da kuma Gill.   Violet ita ce kakarta ga mai wasan kwaikwayo Katy Brand . 

## Inda Aka Samu Bayanan da aka ambata
Menene Rayuwa?(album)

Menene Rayuwa? shi ne kundi na manyan label na biyar na mawaƙin ƙasar Kanada Brett Kissel. An sake shi a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 2021, ta hanyar Warner Music Canada, da ONErpm a cikin Amurka. Ya haɗa da # 1 Ƙasar Kanada buga guda ɗaya "Yi Rayuwa, Ba Rayuwa ba",   da kuma "Dare a cikin Rayuwa".

## Fage
Kissel ya yi imanin cewa cutar ta COVID-19 ta canza masana'antar kiɗa kuma cewa kiɗa yana buƙatar "haɗa mutane lafiya, ba da labari, raba hankali daga ainihin ƙalubalen da ke faruwa a duniya a yanzu". A farkon cutar, Kissel ya ji rashin kirkira kuma bai rubuta wakoki tsawon watanni shida ba. Ya fara rubutawa a ƙarshen 2020 da farkon 2021, kuma ya ce daga wannan kundi na gaba zai shafe shekaru masu zuwa yana mai da hankali kan ba da labari tare da kiɗan sa ba mai mai da hankali kan riba ba. Ya lura cewa waƙar "Die To Go Home" ita ce "mafi jin daɗi" a gare shi saboda ta kasance "mai rauni sosai" da kuma labarin da ya ji ba zai taba rabawa ba, yayin da ya kira "Slidin' Your Way" "ode" zuwa 1990s kungiyar Diamond Rio.

## Ci gaba
Kissel ya ce wannan kundin "ba a buga shi da gaske ba" maimakon "zuciya ce ta motsa". Domin ya sa albam din ya fi shi muhimmanci, ya nadi wasu wakoki a gonarsa da ke Alberta, kuma ya dauki dukkan hotunan albam din da bayanansa a gonar da ya taso. Ya kuma gayyaci matarsa ​​da ’ya’yansa uku don su shiga cikin faifan albam, kowanne daga cikin ‘ya’yansa uku ya nuna a cikin nasu. Ya kwatanta sunan albam ɗin Menene Rayuwa? a matsayin “tsohuwar tambaya” da ya mayar da hankali a kai a wannan fanni na aikinsa da rayuwarsa, yana mai cewa “kowane lokaci, wanda tunanin da yake gaba da ni, yana yin iya kokarinmu da abin da muke da shi, da kuma cin gajiyar rayuwarmu. Kissel ya zaɓi ya sa ƙungiyarsa ta yawon buɗe ido ta kunna kayan tallafi akan kundi maimakon ƴan wasan zaman Nashville.

Mahimman liyafar

Menene Rayuwa?An sami bita mai inganci da yawa bayan fitowar, tare da lura da ainihin motsin rai da ji a cikin waƙoƙin. Markos Papadatos na Digital Journal  ya ba wa albam ɗin "Kima mai daraja", yana mai cewa "akwai iri-iri da yawa a cikin wannan ƙoƙarin kiɗan, kuma kowace waƙa tana da nata asali".Hannah Rastrick ta Complete Country ta kira kundin "abin mamaki", "na gaske", da kuma "mai ban sha'awa", ta ƙara da cewa "ya zo a daidai lokacin da mutane da yawa ke neman alkibla"Pip Ellwood-Hughes na Mayar da hankali na Nishaɗi ana nufin Mene ne Rayuwa?a matsayin "littafin da ya dace wanda tabbas zai dace da kowa", lura da "hanyar gaskiya" Kissel da kiransa "mafi kyawun aikinsa har zuwa yau" .Erica Zisman na NY Country Swag ya bayyana cewa albam ɗin "aikin ƙaƙƙarfan aiki ne wanda ke da dukkan soyayya, da dukan zuciya, da duk gaskiya".Kim Hughes na Parton da Pearl  sun bayyana kundin a matsayin "kyakkyawa, farin ciki, mai himma, mahimmanci kuma kusan cikakke" da kuma "mai tabbatar da rai".Nanci Dagg na Kanada Beats Media ya ce waƙoƙin “an yi tunani sosai”.

## Manazarta
Bessie Stillman

**Bessie Whitmore Stillman** (1871-1947) ta kasance malama ce kuma mai ba da gudummawa ga hanyar koyarwa ta Orton-Gillingham ga ɗalibai masu nakasu a karatun su.

## Ayyukanta
Stillman ta kasance  malama ce a Makarantar Al'adu da  Da'a a Kasar New York lokacin da ta hadu da Anna Gillingham .  Ta fara aikinta ne tare don ci gaba da bunkasa hanyoyin koyarwa na Samuel Orton, wanda an  tsarashi  don taimakawa masu karatu tare da dyslexia. Gillingham da Stillman sun kammala wani shiri na  gyara Wanda  ake kira "The Alphabetic Method," wanda yake  koyar da phonemes, morphemes da ka'idojin rubutun kalmomi ta hanyar dabarun multisensory. Gillingham ya buga "The Alphabetic Method" a cikin 1936. Wannan daga baya ya zama sananne da hanyar Orton-Gillingham . 

A wannan lokacin (1935-1937) Stillman ta yi aiki kuma ya yi karatu tare da Gillingham a Makarantar Punahou da ke Honolulu, Hawaii.   A can ne suka horo  da kuma hada kai da Beth Slingerland,   wanda ya daidaita hanyar Orton-Gillingham kuma ana kiranta Hanyar Orton-Jillingham-Stillman,  don amfani a cikin aji. Hanyar ta haɗa da koyar da dyslexics tare da tsarin da yawa.

Stillman ta yi aiki tare da Gillingham har zuwa mutuwarta a shekarar 1947. 

## Littattafan su
A cikin 1922, an buga wata kasida ta Stillman mai taken "School Excursions" a cikin kundi na 22 na The Elementary School Journal .  Littafin farko na Stillman, Training Children to Study; Practical Suggestions, an buga shi a cikin 1928. Gillingham da Stillman ne suka rubuta littafin farko na The Gillingham Manual: Horar da Magani ga Yara da ke da Musamman a Karatu, Kalmomi, da Rubutun, (asalin "Hanyar Alphabetic") kuma an buga shi a 1936. Wannan shi ne jagorar da ake koyar da hanyar Orton-Gillingham a yau,  tare da fitowar ta 8 da aka buga a shekarar 1997.  A cikin gabatarwar fitowar da ta biyo baya, Gillingham ta lura cewa wasu sassan sun kasance aikin marigayi Stillman, har zuwa inda ba za ta iya kawo kanta don gyara su ba.

## Inda Aka Samu Bayanan da aka ambata
James Redford (mai yin fim)

**David James Redford** (Mayu 5, 1962 - Oktoba 16, 2020) ɗan fim ne na Amurka kuma mai kula da muhalli. Shi dan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma darektan Robert Redford da masanin tarihi 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi David James Redford a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 1962 a Birnin New York, ɗan masanin tarihi Lola Van Wagenen da kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo-darakta Robert Redford .  Ya girma a New York, amma ya shafe lokacin rani a yankin Provo Canyon na Utah, inda iyalinsa ma suna da gida.

Redford ta sami digiri na farko a rubuce-rubuce masu kirkiro da yin fim daga Jami'ar Colorado Boulder a shekarar 1985. Daga baya ya sami digiri na biyu a cikin wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi . 

A shekara ta 1993, Redford ya yi amfani da hanta sau biyu don magance tasirin sclerosing cholangitis na farko. Kwarewarsa ta maye ta kai shi ga kafa Cibiyar James Redford don Sanarwar Jaraba. Ta hanyar cibiyar, shi ne babban furodusa na shirin, The Kindness of Strangers (1999), wanda Maro Chermayeff ya jagoranta.

## Ayyuka
A shekara ta 2001, an ba Redford lambar yabo a matsayin marubucin wasan kwaikwayo na yammacin Cowboy Up da kuma fim din talabijin na 2002 Skinwalkers . Farkon zama darektan ya zo ne a shekara ta 2003 tare da fim din Spin, wanda shi ma ya rubuta.

A shekara ta 2005, shi da mahaifinsa Robert Redford sun kafa kungiyar ba da riba ta San Francisco da ake kira The Redford Center, wacce ke samar da fina-finai kuma tana taimaka wa masu shirya fina-fakkaatu ta hanyar samar musu da tallafin kuɗi.

Redford ya ba da umarnin fim dinsa na farko, The Big Picture; Rethinking Dyslexia (2012), bisa ga ƙalubalen da ɗansa Dylan ya fuskanta a makaranta. Wadanda aka yi hira da su a cikin shirin sun hada da Richard Branson, Charles Schwab, David Boies, da Gavin Newsom . Har ila yau a cikin 2012, ya samar da Watershed .

Shirinsa na 2013 Toxic Hot Seat ya yi magana ne game da matsalolin kiwon lafiya da aka haifar da amfani da kayan da ke hana wuta da aka yi amfani da su a cikin kayan gida. Sauran fina-finai da Redford ya jagoranta sun hada da Paper Tigers (2013),  *Resilience* (2016),  da Happening: A Clean Energy Revolution (2017). 

Fim dinsa Playing for Keeps ya fara ne a bikin fina-finai na Mill Valley a watan Oktoba 2020. 

A lokacin mutuwarsa yana aiki yana kammala wani shirin fim game da Amy Tan tare da taken aiki inda The Past Begins . Ya mutu kafin a kammala gyara. Fim din, wanda aka sake masa suna Amy Tan: An Unintended Memoir, abokiyar Redford Karen Pritzker ce ta samar da shi, kuma an fara shi a bikin fina-finai na Sundance a watan Fabrairun 2021.

Bayan mutuwarsa, an zabi ɗansa Dylan, wanda shi ma mai shirya fina-finai ne, a matsayin shugaban Cibiyar Redford . 

## Rayuwa da mutuwarsa
A shekara ta 1988, Redford ya auri wata mace mai suna Kyle. Suna da 'ya'ya biyu.

Redford ya mutu daga ciwon daji a ranar 16 ga Oktoba, 2020, a gidansa a Fairfax, California. Yana da shekaru 58.

## Manazarta
Sahher Bambba

**Rubutu mai gwaɓi**
**Sahher Bambba** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1999) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Indiya wacce ke aiki da farko a fina-finai da jerin fina-fukkuna na Hindi. Bambba ta fara yin wasan kwaikwayo tare da wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya Pal Dil Ke Paas (2019).  

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Bambba kuma ta girma a Shimla, Himachal Pradesh . Ita ƙwararriyar mai rawa ce. Ta kammala karatunta daga Shimla kuma ta koma Mumbai don neman digiri na farko daga Kwalejin Jai Hind . Ta kammala digiri na biyu a fannin jarida daga Jami'ar Jarida da Sadarwa ta Makhanlal Chaturvedi .

## Hotunan fina-finai

### Fim din

### Talabijin

### Bidiyo na Kiɗa

## Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa

## Manazarta

* 
* Sahher Bambbaa kanInstagram
* Sahher BambbaaBollywood Hungama