Mary King (masanin kimiyyar siyasa)

Mary Elizabeth King (an haife ta a ranar 30 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1940)  farfesa ce a fannin Nazarin Zaman Lafiya da Rikicin a Jami'ar Zaman Lafiya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, masanin kimiyyar siyasa, kuma marubucin wallafe-wallafe da yawa. Ta kammala karatu a Jami'ar Ohio Wesleyan kuma ta sami digiri na biyu a siyasar kasa da kasa daga Jami'ar Aberystwyth a shekarar 1999. Har ila yau, ita ce Fellow na Cibiyar Rothermere ta Amurka kuma fitacciyar Masanin a Cibiyar Nazarin Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya a Washington DC . 

Ta sami lambar yabo ta Jamnalal Bajaj International a shekara ta 2003.  A shekara ta 2009 an ba ta lambar yabo ta El-Hibri Peace Education Prize .  A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2011, Jami'ar Ohio Wesleyan ta ba ta digiri na likita na shari'a (mai daraja).

## Tarihin rayuwa
Bayan kammala karatunsa a kwaleji, Sarki ya zama ma'aikacin kwamitin kula da dalibai (SNCC). Ta rubuta littafi game da wannan kwarewar shekaru huɗu, Freedom Song: A Personal Story of the 1960s Civil Rights Movement kuma ta lashe lambar yabo ta Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Book Award saboda shi.

Kasancewar Sarki a cikin Yunkurin Kare Hakkin Bil'adama ya sa ta rubuta rubutun kan batutuwan mata tare da ɗan'uwanta Casey Hayden, musamman Jima'i da Caste: Wani nau'in Memo (1965), wanda ya soki jima'i a cikin yunkurin kare hakkin bil'adama. Sara Evans ta danganta Sarki da Hayden a matsayin masu gwagwarmayar kafa kungiyar 'yancin mata a cikin littafinta "Personal Politics". Evans ta yi iƙirarin cewa Sarki da Hayder sun yi amfani da iliminsu na dimokuradiyya, wanda suka koya ta hanyar membobin SNCC, don sukar matsayin mata a cikin tsarin shugabanci. Ta ce rubutun su ya haifar da farkon 'yancin mata.

## Yunkurin kare hakkin bil'adama da kuma mata
Mary King ta shiga ƙungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama tana da shekara 22. Ta fara aiki a kwaleji lokacin da ta shiga cikin yawon shakatawa a fadin kudu. A wannan yawon shakatawa a 1962 Sarki da sauran dalibai, fari da baƙar fata, sun zauna a kwalejojin baƙar fata kamar Jami'ar Fisk, Kwalejin Clark, da Cibiyar Tuskegee. Wannan rukuni na dalibai sun ziyarci makarantun fararen fata, kamar Jami'ar Vanderbilt, Kwalejin Agnes Scott, da Georgia Tech. A kan yawon shakatawa na Nazarin an gabatar da Sarki ga SNCC lokacin da ta sadu da John Lewis da Bernard Lafayette . Dukkanin mutanen da Sarki ya hadu sun kasance Freedom Riders kuma suna da alaƙa da SNCC. Har ila yau a kan wannan yawon shakatawa na binciken Sarki ya sadu da wani dalibi mai fafutuka, Casey Hayden . Hayden zai kuma zama ma'aikacin SNCC kuma babban aboki ga Sarki.

Sarki ya nuna wannan yawon shakatawa na karatu a matsayin "wani canji a rayuwarta".  Lokacin da Sarki ya koma Jami'ar Ohio Wesleyan bayan yawon shakata na karatu ta kafa kungiyar dalibai ta kanta.[her] Kungiyar da ta kirkira ana kiranta Kwamitin Dalibai kan Dangantakar Kabilanci (SCORR). Tare da wannan kungiya, Sarki ya haɗa ɗalibai sittin don canza manufofin Jami'ar; kamar, manufofin Ohio Wesleyan na ɗora baƙar fata a cikin ɗakuna ɗaya ko kuma kawai tare da juna, tare da manufofin Jamiʼar na iyakance rajistar baƙar fata.

Sarki ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Ohio Wesleyan a watan Yunin 1962 kuma tana bin hanyar da Casey Hayden  ta gabatar da ita ga mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama, Ella Baker, ta hanyar Ƙungiyar Kirista ta Matasa a yankin kudancin.  Ta hanyar wannan kungiyar, Baker da farfesa Howard Zinn na Kwalejin Spelman sun nemi Sarki ya shiga cikin aikin dangantakar ɗan adam. Wannan aikin zai haɗa da Sarki yana tafiya tare da baƙar fata wanda ya kammala karatu a kwalejoji daban-daban don tantance girman 'yancin ilimi a kudu. Sarki ya amince da shiga. Don wannan aikin Sarki ya koma Atlanta, Jojiya kuma ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da wata budurwa baƙar fata, Roberta "Bobbi" Yanci . A matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin, Sarki da Bobbi sun rubuta kuma sun rarraba wata takarda mai shafi shida, "Notes from the South. " Jaridar ta ba da labarin shari'a, aikin kai tsaye na ɗalibai, haɗin kai da ke faruwa a makarantun koleji da abin da SNCC ke yi. Manufar aikin dangantakar ɗan adam ita ce ta taimaka wa fararen kudanci su hadu kuma su san takwarorinsu masu ilimi baƙar fata daga wannan yanki, don su iya haɓaka dangantaka da su a matsayin mutane.

Hedikwatar ofishin SNCC ma tana Atlanta, don haka a cikin shekarar da Sarki ya yi aiki don aikin alaƙar ɗan adam ta kuma ba da gudummawa a SNCC, galibi tana yin aikin ofishin. Ayyukan sa kai sun taimaka wa Sarki ya kafa alaƙa da ma'aikatan SNCC, wanda ya kai ta ga samun matsayin ma'aikata tare da kungiyar. A watan Yunin 1963 lokacin da aikinta ya ƙare tare da aikin alaƙar ɗan adam, Sarki ta fara aiki ga SNCC. Ta taimaka wa sakataren yada labarai na kungiyar, Julian Bond . 

A cikin 1965 Sarki da Hayden sun fadada a kan wannan takarda, suna ba da cikakken bayani game da muhimmiyar takarda cewa ba kawai a cikin al'umma gaba ɗaya ba, har ma a cikin ƙungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama kanta, ana "kama" mata a cikin "tsarin kabilanci na doka" wanda ke iyakance damar su da muryarsu. Sarki da Hayden sun aika da "Jima'i da Caste - 'Yanci' Irin Memo" ga mata masu gwagwarmaya arba'in a duk faɗin Amurka. Wadannan mata suna da hannu a cikin kungiyoyi kamar Students for a Democratic Society, National Student Association, Northern Student Movement, Student Peace Union, da SNCC. Daga baya aka buga takardar a ƙarƙashin taken "Jima'i da Caste"  a cikin jaridar zaman lafiya mai suna Liberation, kuma ya roƙi mata da su "fara magana da juna a bayyane". 

A lokacin rani na shekara ta 1965 Sarki ya fara tsarawa da gudanar da bita don taimakawa masu sa kai na motsi su ci gaba da aiki a cikin batutuwan kare hakkin bil'adama da zarar sun koma gida. Tattaunawar ta kasance "don tattauna hanyoyin amfani da sabbin ƙwarewa, gogewa, da darussan da aka koya daga shirya al'umma a wasu sassan ƙasar da kuma wasu matakai na motsi. " A cikin tarihin rayuwarta, Sarki ya bayyana jin ya nisanta daga SNCC saboda dalilai daban-daban. Wannan rabuwa ta haifar da murabus dinta daga SNCC a ƙarshen 1965. 

## Manazarta