Vivian Ayers Allen

**Vivian Elizabeth** **Ayers Allen** (29 ga Yuli, 1923 - 18 ga Agusta, 2025) mawakiyar Amurka ce, marubuciyar wasan kwaikwayo, mai fafutukar al'adu, mai kula da gidan tarihi da kuma mai rubuta littattafan gargajiya.  

## Bayani
An haife ta a shekarar 1923  a Chester, South Carolina,  Baƙar fata ce kuma tana da asalin 'yan asalin ƙasar. Kakanta Cherokee ne. 

Ta yi karatu a Cibiyar Brainerd mai tarihi da ke Chester, inda iyayenta da kakanninta suka sami ilimi,  tana girma a wani gida a gefen titi daga makarantar.  'Yar uwarta Sarah Mildred Ayers Smith ta kasance mai karatun valeductor a aji na 1937,  yayin da Allen ya kammala karatunsa a 1939 a matsayin memba na aji na ƙarshe na kammala karatun daga makarantar.  Yayin da take makaranta a can, ta yi karatun Latin da Faransanci  kuma ta koyi buga piano na kade-kade . 

Daga nan ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Barber-Scotia da Kwalejin Bennett .  Ta sami digirin girmamawa na Doctorate daga Jami'ar Wilberforce, a shekarar 1995,   da kuma digirin farko na kwalejin Bennett, a shekarar 2006.  

Ta auri likitan hakori Andrew Arthur Allen Sr. a birnin New York  kuma suna da 'ya'ya huɗu: mai busa ƙaho na jazz Andrew Arthur "Tex" Allen Jr.;  'yar wasan kwaikwayo kuma mai rawa Debbie Allen ;  shugaban yankin TD Bank Hugh Allen;  da kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Phylicia Rashad .   Ma'auratan sun rabu a shekarar 1954 bayan shekaru tara na aure,  Vivian ta bayyana a cikin ƙararta ta saki cewa "ba su dace ba".  Iyalinta sun san ta da "Ma Turk", kuma 'yarta Debbie ta sanya wa 'yarta Vivian Nixon suna bayan Allen. 

Allen ta halarci manyan taruka na Hollywood tare da 'ya'yanta mata, ciki har da bayyana tauraruwar Debbie a Hollywood Walk of Fame a shekarar 1991 da kuma lambar yabo ta 65 ta Academy Awards a shekarar 1993. 

## Waƙa
Waƙar Allen yawanci ana rubuta ta ne ta hanyar sakin layi na prose tare da amfani da dashes da ellipses akai-akai. 

Waƙarta mai tsawon littafin *Hawk* (1957)  misali ce ta 'yanci, gwagwarmaya ta kai tsaye da kuma alhakin da aka sanya a sararin samaniya a cikin 2052.   Waƙar ta nuna nasarorin farko a tafiye-tafiyen sararin samaniya,  an buga ta makonni 11 kacal kafin ƙaddamar da Sputnik I (tauraron dan adam na farko da aka aika daga Duniya zuwa sararin samaniya).  Ta sami yabo daga Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Ƙasa (NASA),  wacce ta bayyana Allen a matsayin "mace mai suna Apollo, wacce gudummawarta masu ban mamaki suka haɓaka fahimtarmu game da binciken sararin samaniya sosai."  An nuna ƙarin kwafi na layukan da aka zaɓa a Cibiyar Sararin Samaniya ta Lyndon B. Johnson da ke Houston, Texas .  Clemson University Press ta sake buga waƙar a hukumance a 2023,  bisa ga misali na asali da aka buga da kanta wanda aka gudanar a Jami'ar Wisconsin–Madison Special Collections. 

A shekarar 1964, an saka wakokinta a cikin tarin Langston Hughes na *New Negro Poets, Amurka.*   A shekarar 1971, ta fara buga mujallar adabi, *The Adept Quarterly* . 

Allen kuma marubuciyar wasan kwaikwayo ce. Ta rubuta "Bow Boly," game da wani mala'ika da ya zo duniya don wani aiki da ya haɗu da mutane, kuma a shekarar 1973 ta rubuta "Bikin Aure," wanda ya binciki hulɗar jama'a ko "ƙabila" a cikin bukukuwan aure na Baƙar fata da Amurkawa.

## Ilimi
Allen ya kuma yi aikin koyarwa, inda ya zama mai kula da laburare  kuma malami na farko ɗan Afirka-Amurka a Jami'ar Rice da ke Houston, Texas, a shekarar 1966.  

A shekarar 1973, ta yi aiki tare da Ƙungiyar Al'umma ta Harris County da kuma ƙungiyar malamai masu lasisi don samar da shirin "Bita a Buɗe Filaye," wanda ke da nufin ilmantar da yaran makarantan gaba a fannin fasaha.  Ta kuma jagoranci matasan mawakan Baƙar fata, ciki har da mai shirya fina-finai Carroll Parrott Blue . 

## Meziko
Allen ta zauna a Texas sama da shekaru arba'in.  Ta ƙaura tare da 'ya'yanta zuwa Mexico na tsawon shekara guda domin ba su damar samun sabbin gogewa daga "masu wariyar launin fata" na Kudancin Amurka.    'Ya'yanta sun koyi yin magana da Sifaniyanci kuma sun halarci wasannin ballet na 'yan rawa na Mexico.  'Yarta Debbie ta yi rawa tare da Ballet Nacional de México.  

A Mexico, Allen ya yi karatun adabin Girkawa, al'adun Mayan,  da kuma ilmin lissafi da ilmin taurari na Mesoamerican . 

## New York da ADEPT
A shekarar 1984, Allen ta ƙaura zuwa New York, inda ta kafa ADEPT New American Museum of the Southwest a Mount Vernon .    Ta shirya ayyukan fasaha na al'umma ga al'ummar Baƙar fata ta yankin,  ta goyi bayan masu fasaha marasa wakilci, kuma ta jaddada gudummawar da 'yan Afirka-Amurkawa da 'yan asalin Amurkawa ke bayarwa ga fasaha. 

Ta zama abokiya da Jimmie Durham   kuma ta yi wasa tare da shi da Muhammad Ali a cikin wani shiri na Durham na *My Land.* 

## Rayuwa daga baya
A shekarar 1994, Majalisar Mata Masu Ra'ayin Kabilanci ta Ƙasa ta karrama Allen saboda "tunaninta na ci gaba" da kuma "kyakkyawar hoton da ta haska" ga mata Baƙaƙe.

'Yar Allen Phylicia ta sayi kadarar eka 12 wadda Cibiyar Brainerd ta taɓa zama a kanta a shekarar 1999.  Allen ta zama darektan kafa Cibiyar Brainerd Heritage,  wanda ƙungiyar tarihi ta Chester ta tallafa masa, da nufin adana tarihin makarantar da ta taimaka wajen tsara ta da kuma tunawa da dogon gwagwarmayar da Baƙar fata 'yan Amurka suka yi don samar wa 'ya'yansu ingantaccen ilimi.  An kammala aikin dawo da tsarin Kumler Hall a shekarar 2012.  An ƙaddamar da shirye-shiryen bazara na Karatu a 2017,   kuma an gudanar da azuzuwan rawa kyauta tare da haɗin gwiwar Kwalejin Dance ta Debbie Allen. 

A shekara ta 2007, Allen da 'ya'yanta mata sun sami lambar yabo ta Arts daga gidauniyar Jack da Jill of America.  A shekara ta 2008, Jami'ar Winthrop ta ba Allen lambar yabo ta Medal of Honor. 

An yi waƙarta mai suna "On Status"  a shekarar 2006 a cikin shirin HBO na *Def Poetry Jam .*&#x5B; ** &#x5D; Solange Knowles kuma ta ɗauki samfurin waƙar "S McGregor" daga kundin waƙoƙinta na 2019 *When I Get Home .*  

### Shekaru ɗari da mutuwa
Allen ta cika shekaru 100 a watan Yulin 2023.   An gudanar da bikin cika shekaru 100 a filin Cibiyar Brainerd, inda 'yarta Phylicia ta karanta *Hawk* tare da waƙoƙin da aka raka daga Mawakan Jami'ar Claflin .  An kuma gudanar da wani taron biki a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Rhimes da ke Los Angeles,  tare da karatuttuka da wasan kwaikwayo daga shahararrun mutane ciki har da Angela Bassett, Jesse Williams, Alexis Floyd, Cory Henry, da 'yarta Debbie Allen, da sauransu.   Ta mutu a ranar 18 ga Agusta, 2025, a California, tana da shekaru 102.   

## Manazarta