Cibiyoyin tsarewa a Libya

**Cibiyoyin tsare-tsare a Libya** kamfanoni ne masu aikata laifuka da kungiyoyin Masu fataucin mutane da masu satar mutane ke gudanarwa don riba. Rashin bin doka a Libya ya haifar da yanayin da kungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka ke sacewa da tsare mutanen da ke ƙaura zuwa ko ta hanyar Libya. Ana gudanar da baƙi 5,000 a sansanoni da yawa waɗanda galibi suna kusa da Bani Walid. Sau da yawa ana azabtar da su kuma suna iya fuskantar kisa idan iyalansu ba su biya kudin fansa ga ƙungiyoyin ba.

Gwamnatocin Turai waɗanda suka ƙi masu neman mafaka da suka isa ta jirgin ruwa suna haifar da yanayi inda mutane ke da rauni ga ayyukan ƙungiyoyin da ke gudanar da cibiyoyin tsare-tsare. Paparoma Francis da Médecins Sans Frontières sun yi Allah wadai da cibiyoyin tsare-tsare a fili. Rashin amincewa da cibiyoyin ya kasance a cikin takardun da aka ɓoye daga gwamnatin Jamus. Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya yi kira ga hukumomin Libya da su rufe cibiyoyin a 2022.

## Tarihi

Tun bayan mutuwar shugaba Muammar Gaddafi a shekara ta 2011, Libya ta zama hanya ga baƙi da 'yan gudun hijira da ke zuwa Turai. A cikin shekara ta 2014, rikice-rikicen makamai ya kara tsananta rashin bin doka a Libya inda kungiyoyi za su iya sace bakin haure kuma su tsare su a sansanoni ba tare da hukunci ba. A cikin 2018 akwai kusan baƙi 700,000 a Libya, kuma a cikin 2021 akwai fiye da 5,000 a cibiyoyin tsare-tsare.

Nasarar kudi ta sansanonin ta karfafa ta hanyar kokarin da Tarayyar Turai ta tallafawa don dawo da baƙi a kan jiragen ruwa zuwa Libya. A cikin 2018, Médecins Sans Frontières sun bayyana "kidnap don fansa" a matsayin kasuwanci mai ci gaba kuma sun soki manufofin da Tarayyar Turai ke tallafawa don hana 'yan gudun hijira da baƙi daga tafiya zuwa Turai.

## Ayyuka
Sojoji Islama ne ke gudanar da sansanonin, 'yan bindiga masu shigo da kaya, da kuma masu tsaron bakin teku na Libya, wanda kansa ke aiki a waje da yanayin al'ada na kula da jagorancin gwamnati ta tsakiya yayin da shugabannin 'yan bindigar yankin daban-daban suka kwace shi   

Bayan an sace 'yan gudun hijira, ma'aikatan cibiyar tsare-tsare sun yi wa iyalan fursunoni waya don neman fansa. Wadanda aka tsare daga Chadi, Sudan ta Kudu,  Siriya, Ghana, Sudan, Nijar, da Najeriya suna fama da tashin hankali ciki har da duka, fyade, azabtarwa, yunwa, da kisan kai a sansanonin.   Ana tsare wasu mutane sama da shekaru uku. Wadanda danginsu ba sa biyan fansa za a iya kashe su.   Wani rahoto na diflomasiyyar Jamus na 2017 ya bayyana cewa duk wanda bai biya ba a cikin wani lokaci ana kashe shi. Ya ambaci shaidu waɗanda suka yi magana game da kashe-kashen mutum biyar a kowane mako, kowane Jumma'a, wanda aka shirya don samar da sarari ga sababbin masu shigowa.

Darajar biyan kudin fansa ta bambanta, tare da sanannun misalai tsakanin 2,500 Libyan dinars (US $ 500) da 25,000 dinars (US $ 5,000).

Gidajen tsare-tsare suna kewaye da Bani Walid  inda akwai kusan sansani 20 ciki har da sansanin tsare-tsaren Bani Walid.  Cibiyar Al Mabani, wacce aka buɗe a watan Janairun 2021, tana cikin Tripoli kuma tana tsare kusan mutane 1,500 da aka sace. Cibiyar tsare-tsare ta Triq al-Sika tana cikin Tripoli .  Cibiyar Tsaro ta Tajoura tana da nisan kilomita 16 a gabashin Tripoli. Cibiyar Al Nasr, wacce aka fi sani da "kotu ta Osama", tana cikin Zawiyah.

## Abubuwan da suka faru a cibiyoyin tsare-tsare

### Tserewa
A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2018, fursunoni da yawa a cibiyar tsare-tsare ta Bani Walid sun yi ƙoƙari su tsere, tare da sake kama mafi yawansu ko harbe su. A watan Afrilu na 2021, fiye da fursunoni 20 sun tsere daga sansanin da ke kudu da Bani Walid. 

### Harin jirgin sama na tsakiya na Tajoura
A ranar 2 ga Yulin 2019 da karfe 23:30,  a lokacin Yakin Yammacin Libya na 2019-20, wani harin Jirgin sama ya kai hari Cibiyar Tsaro ta Tajoura, a waje da Tripoli, yayin da daruruwan mutane ke cikin wurin.  Mutane 53 sun mutu  kuma sama da 130 sun ji rauni. 

### Kisan kiyashi na Tripoli da satar mutane
A watan Janairun 2022, an kai hari kan baƙi sama da 600 da masu neman mafaka a waje da wurin tsohon cibiyar ci gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. An kashe mutane da yawa a harin, yayin da aka daure mafi yawansu a cibiyar tsare-tsare ta Ain Zara a Tripoli. Abubuwan da suka faru sun haifar da hukuntawa daga Majalisar 'yan gudun hijira ta Norway da Kwamitin Ceto na Duniya. Abdul Hamid Dbeibah ya yaba da abubuwan da suka faru.

## Rashin amincewa da gurfanar da shugabannin cibiyar
Wani rahoto da aka ɓoye a shekarar 2017 daga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Jamus ya ba da cikakken bayani game da cin zarafin 'yancin ɗan adam, da kuma shaidar hoto na" sansanin taro kamar yanayi. "  A cikin 2018, Médecins Sans Frontières sun yi Allah wadai da tsare mutane kuma sun yi magana game da bukatar kariya da taimakon jin kai. "  A cikin 2019, bayan harin jirgin sama na cibiyar baƙi ta Tajoura na 2019 wata sanarwa ta hadin gwiwa daga Ƙungiyar Shige da Fice ta Duniya da Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yan Gudun Hijira sun yi kira ga "ƙarewa nan da nan ga tsare bakin haure da nan. "

Human Rights Watch ta zargi Tarayyar Turai da "ba da gudummawa ga sake zagayowar matsanancin cin zarafi" saboda hadin gwiwar da ta yi da hukumomi a Libya, kuma ta rubuta cewa "TEU tana ba da tallafi ga masu tsaron bakin teku na Libya don ba ta damar tsayar da baƙi da masu neman mafaka a teku bayan haka suna dawo da su Libya zuwa tsare-tsare, inda suke fuskantar mummunan yanayi da kuma mummunar haɗarin azabtarwa, tashin hankali na jima'i, cin hanci, da rashawa, da aiki na tilastawa.

A cikin 2021, Paparoma Francis ya soki sansanonin, "mugunta mara mutunci," da manufofin da ke kara musu. A watan Yulin 2022, Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da ƙuduri na 2647 wanda ya karfafa hukumomin Libya su rufe cibiyoyin tsare-tsare.

Wata kotun Italiya ta sami mai shigo da kaya Osman Matammud, daga Somalia, da laifin aikata laifuka da yawa na kisan kai, satar mutane da fyade. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba da izini ga Osama Al Kuni Ibrahim a cikin 2021 bayan da hukumomin Amurka suka zarge shi da "tsinkaye-tsinkaye na baƙi na Afirka a cibiyar tsare-tsare" a cibiyar Al Nasr."

A watan Yulin 2022 Ofishin Harkokin Waje, Commonwealth da Ci Gaban Burtaniya ya yi kira da a rufe dukkan cibiyoyin tsare-tsare.

## Bayanan da aka ambata