Yanayin Malaysia

**Yanayin [[Maleshiya|Malaysia]]** ya haɗa da yanayin jiki da na ɗan adam na Malaysia, ƙasar Kudu maso gabashin Asiya da ta ƙunshi manyan ƙasashe biyu da ruwa ya raba - Peninsular Malaysia zuwa yamma da Gabashin Malaysia zuwa gabas - da ƙananan tsibirai da yawa da ke kewaye da waɗannan ƙasashe. Peninsular Malaysia tana kan kudancin Yankin Malay, kudancin Thailand, arewacin Singapore da gabashin tsibirin Sumatra na Indonesia; Gabashin Malaysia ya ƙunshi mafi yawan arewacin Borneo, kuma yana da iyakokin ƙasa tare da Brunei a arewa da Indonesian Borneo a kudu.

## Yanayi

Da yake kusa da ma'auni, yanayin Malaysia an rarraba shi azaman ma'aunin ma'aikatar, yana da zafi da zafi a duk shekara. Matsakaicin ruwan sama shine 250 centimeters (98 in) a shekara  kuma matsakaicin zafin jiki shine  ° C (77.7 ° F).  Yanayin yanayi na Peninsular Malaysia da Gabashin Malaysia sun bambanta, kamar yadda iska ta shafi yanayi a kan tsibirin kai tsaye, sabanin yanayin teku na Gabashin Malaysia. Malaysia tana fuskantar tasirin El Niño, wanda ke rage ruwan sama a lokacin fari. Canjin yanayi na iya samun babban tasiri a Malaysia, kara yawan teku da ruwan sama, kara hadarin ambaliyar ruwa da haifar da fari mai yawa.

Malaysia tana fuskantar yanayi biyu na iska, kudu maso yammacin ruwa daga ƙarshen Mayu zuwa Satumba, da arewa maso gabas daga Oktoba zuwa Maris. Ruwan arewa maso gabas yana kawo ruwan sama fiye da ruwan sama na kudu maso yamma,  wanda ya samo asali ne daga China da Arewacin Pacific. Yankin kudu maso yamma ya samo asali ne daga hamada na Ostiraliya. Maris da Oktoba suna samar da sauye-sauye tsakanin ruwan sama guda biyu.

Yanayin yanayi  gida yana shafar kasancewar tsaunuka a duk Malaysia, kuma ana iya raba yanayin zuwa na tsaunuka, ƙasƙanci, da yankunan bakin teku. Yankin bakin teku yana da yanayi mai haske, tare da yanayin zafi tsakanin 23 da 32 ° C (73.4 da 89.6 ° F), da ruwan sama daga 10 zuwa 30 centimeters (4 zuwa 12 in) a wata. Yankunan suna da irin wannan zafin jiki, amma suna bin tsarin ruwan sama na musamman kuma suna nuna matakan zafi sosai. Yankunan tsaunuka sun fi sanyi kuma sun fi rigar, kuma suna nuna bambancin zafin jiki mafi girma. Akwai girgije mai yawa a kan tsaunuka, waɗanda ke da matakan danshi waɗanda ba su faɗi ƙasa da kashi 75% ba.

An rubuta mafi girman zafin jiki a , Perlis a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 1998 a  ° C (104.2 ° F). An rubuta mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki a Peninsula Malaysia a Cameron Highlands a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 1978 a  ° C (46.0 ° F). An rubuta mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki a Gabashin Malaysia a Dutsen Kinabalu a -4 ° C (25 ° F). An rubuta mafi girman dusar ƙanƙara  shekara guda shine 1  in) a Dutsen Kinabalu, Sabah">Sabah  1975, 1993, da 2022. Mafi yawan ruwan sama da aka rubuta a rana ya kasance   in) a Kota Bharu, Kelantan a ranar 6 ga Janairun 1967. Mafi yawan ruwan sama da aka rubuta  shekara guda ya kasance   in) a Sandakan, Sabah a cikin shekara ta 2006. A halin yanzu, ruwan sama mafi ƙanƙanta da aka rubuta a cikin shekara guda ya kasance   in) a Tawau, Sabah a cikin 1997.  Wurin da ya fi ruwan sama a Malaysia shine Kuching, Sarawak tare da matsakaicin ruwan sama na   in) tare da kwanaki 279 na ruwan sama a shekara. Wurin da ya fi bushewa a Malaysia yana cikin Sitiawan, Perak tare da matsakaicin ruwan sama na   in) a shekara.

Malaysia tana kan Sunda Shelf, kuma ba ta aiki. Dutse mafi tsufa a cikin ƙasar sun kasance daga shekaru miliyan 540 da suka gabata, kuma galibi suna da yawa. Mafi yawan nau'in dutse shine dutse mai laushi wanda aka kafa a lokacin Paleozoic Era. Limestone wanda ya karu a Gabashin Malaysia a lokacin Tertiary daga baya ya rushe, ya samar da kwandon duwatsu masu wadata da man fetur da iskar gas. An kafa tsaunuka a Malaysia ta hanyar Orogenesis wanda ya fara a zamanin Mesozoic . 

Jimlar yankin ƙasar Malaysia tana da  kilomita 330,803 (127,720 sq , ƙasa ta 66 mafi girma a duniya dangane da yanki. Ita ce kawai ƙasar da ke ƙunshe da ƙasa a duka ƙasashen Asiya da Malay Archipelago. Peninsular Malaysia ya kai  kilomita 132,090 (51,000 sq ,  ko kusan 40% na yankin ƙasar, yayin da Gabashin Malaysia ya rufe murabba'i kilomita 198,847 (76,780 sq , ko 60%. Daga jimlar yankin ƙasa,  kilomita 1,200 (460 sq  ko 0.37% ya ƙunshi ruwa kamar tabkuna, koguna, ko sauran ruwan ciki. Malaysia tana da jimlar bakin teku na kilomita 4,675 (2,905 , kuma Peninsular Malaysia tana da kilomita 2,068 (1,285 , yayin da Gabashin Malaysia yana da kilomita 2,607 (1,620  na bakin teku.

Malaysia tana da iyakar bakin teku ta 29 mafi tsawo a duniya. Sassan biyu daban-daban na Malaysia, waɗanda Tekun Kudancin China ta raba da juna, suna da irin wannan wuri mai faɗi a cikin cewa duka Peninsular Malaysia da Gabashin Malaysia suna da filayen bakin teku da ke tasowa zuwa tuddai da duwatsu.

Peninsular Malaysia ta rufe rabin kudancin Malay Peninsula,  kuma ta shimfiɗa kilomita 740 (460  daga arewa zuwa kudu, kuma matsakaicin faɗin ta shine kilomita 322 (200 .  Yana da tsaunuka, tare da fiye da rabinsa sama da mita 150 (492  sama da matakin teku. Kimanin rabin Peninsular Malaysia an rufe shi da dutse da sauran duwatsu masu laushi, kashi ɗaya bisa uku an rufe shi ta da duwatsu masu tsufa fiye da dutse, kuma sauran an rufe su da alluvium.

Ana samun tashar jiragen ruwa ne kawai a gefen yammacin tsibirin,  kuma ƙasar da ta fi dacewa tana faruwa ne lokacin da kwarin kogi ke gudana zuwa teku. Filayen bakin teku da ke iyaka da Strait of Malacca sune yankunan da suka fi yawan jama'a a Malaysia, kuma sun ƙunshi babban birnin Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.

Gabashin Malaysia, a tsibirin Borneo, yana da iyakar bakin teku na kilomita 2,607 (1,620 .  An raba shi tsakanin yankunan bakin teku, tuddai da kwari, da kuma tsaunuka masu tsaunuka. Akwai manyan birane guda biyu kawai, Kuching da Kota Kinabalu. Yawancin kudancin Sarawak suna da ƙasashen bakin teku, wanda ke canzawa zuwa jerin tsaunuka da ke arewa, yana ƙare a yankunan tsaunuka na Sabah.

The highest mountain range in Malaysia is the Crocker Range in Sabah, which divides the state in half. This range includes Mount Kinabalu, the highest mountain in the country, as well as Mount Sinsing, the third highest in the country. Mount Kinabalu, is , and is protected as it is within Kinabalu Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and national park. Mount Kinabalu is 55% (by  margin) taller than Mount Trusmadi, Malaysia's second tallest mountain.&#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

Duwatsun tsaunuka a Gabashin Malaysia suna bin hanyoyin arewa maso kudu ko arewa maso gabas kudu maso yamma, kuma mafi girman tsaunuka sun kafa iyaka tsakanin Malaysia da Indonesia. Duwatsun suna dauke da tsaunuka masu yawa. Yankin Trus Madi, kuma a cikin Sabah, yana da Dutsen Trus Madi. Bombalai Hill a Sabah shine kawai [[Dutsen Volcano|dutsen wuta]] mai aiki a Malaysia.

Peninsular Malaysia contains numerous mountain ranges running parallel from north to south along the peninsula. The main mountain range is the Titiwangsa Mountains, which divides the peninsula between its east and west coasts. It houses Mount Korbu, the second highest peak in Peninsular Malaysia. These mountains are heavily forested, and mainly composed of granite. The range is the origin of some of Peninsular Malaysia's river systems. To the east of this range is the Bintang Range. The highest peak in Peninsular Malaysia is Mount Tahan, located on the Tahan Range.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

Duwatsu da yawa suna gudana a cikin ƙasar saboda yanayin karst wanda ruwa ya rushe dutse. kogon Mulu a Gabashin Malaysia sune kogon da suka fi girma a duniya. Suna tsakanin kewayon Penambo da Brunei, kuma manyan abubuwan jan hankali ne ga masu yawon bude ido. A mita 700 (2,297  tsawo da mita 70 (230  tsaunuka Sarawak Chamber shine mafi girman ɗakin kogo a duniya. Sauran shahararrun koguna sune 1.6 kilomita (1  Deer Cave da Lang's Cave . 

Malaysia ta ƙunshi tsibirai da yawa, mafi girma daga cikinsu gaba ɗaya a cikin Malaysia shine Tsibirin Banggi a Sabah, wanda ke da yanki na  kilomita 440.7 (170 sq .  Tsibirin Bruit a Sarawak, Langkawi a Kedah, da Tsibirin Redang a Penang sun biyo baya. Babban tsibirin da aka raba tare da wata ƙasa shine Borneo, sannan Sebatik Island. Bugu da kari, Malaysia tana cikin rarrabawar coral reef na duniya. Ana iya samun reefs a kusa da tsibirai kamar su Sipadan Island, Swallow Reef, da Redang Island. Sipadan, dutse mai zurfi, shine tsibirin Malaysia kawai na teku.

### Yankin bakin teku
Wani bincike na nesa na duniya na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa akwai 1,713 km2 na filayen ruwa a Malaysia, yana mai da shi ƙasa ta 19 dangane da yawan filayen ruwa da ke faruwa a can.&nbsp;

Ana iya rarraba gandun daji na Malaysia a matsayin gandun daji masu zafi. Kimanin kashi 58.2% na ƙasar Malaysia an rufe shi da gandun daji. Babban adadin gandun daji yana ƙasa da tsawo na mita 760 (2,493 .  Gabashin Malaysia, kamar mafi yawan Borneo, a baya ya rufe da gandun daji na Borneo tare da nau'in bishiyoyi sama da 2000. Koyaya, an share yawancin shi, saboda karuwar katako tun daga shekarun 1960 da karuwar canjin noma. Fiye da kashi 80% na gandun daji na Sarawak an sare su, kuma katako a duk Gabashin Malaysia ya gurɓata hanyoyin ruwa, ya karu da rushewa, da kuma lalata aikin gona. Wasu gwamnatocin jihohi yanzu sun dauki matakai don dakatar da lalacewar gandun daji.

Malaysia's rainforests are made of a variety of types, mainly dipterocarp, swamps, and mangroves. The majority of the forest is dipterocarp forests. Dipterocarps species are centred in Malaysia. There are over  of mangroves in Malaysia. Some areas are designated as forest reserves, state parks, or national parks. The management of these reserves is done by the Department of Wildlife and National Park, the Forest Department of Sarawak, the Sabah Forestry Department, the Sabah Foundation, and Sabah Parks. As of 2000, there are two World Heritage Sites under the natural category &#x2013; Kinabalu Park and Gunung Mulu National Park.&#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

=== Yankunan halittu ===
Peninsular Malaysia gida ne ga gandun daji na ruwan sama na Peninsular Malaysian, gandun daji masu ruwan sama na Malaysian, da kuma gandun daji mai ruwan sama na Tenasserim-South Thailand.

Gabashin Malaysia gida ne ga gandun daji na Borneo, gandun daji masu ruwan sama na Borneo.

Yankin yammacin Malaysia na tsibirin yana da mangroves na Myanmar Coast. Gidajen mangroves na Indochina suna gefen gabar gabashin Malaysia. Sunda Shelf mangroves layin bakin tekun Borneo.

== Abubuwa masu tsanani ==
The southernmost point of Malaysia is located in the district of Serian in Sarawak. Tanjung Piai on the southern tip of Johor is the southernmost point of the Malay Peninsula, and thus of the whole of continental Eurasia. The easternmost point is found on the tip of Dent Peninsula in Lahad Datu district in Sabah. The northernmost point is found on the northern tip of Banggi Island. The westernmost point is Perak Island, a sandstone rock which is part of Kedah state that rises at the center of the Strait of Malacca.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

## Jikin ruwa

Between Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia is the South China Sea, the largest body of water around Malaysia. Facing the western coast of Peninsular Malaysia is the Strait of Malacca towards the south, and the Andaman Sea towards the north. The Strait of Malacca, lying between Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia, is arguably the most important shipping lane in the world. These seas are marginal seas of the Indian Ocean.&#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

Off the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia is the South China Sea, while a small part in the north lies within the Gulf of Thailand. These form part of the marginal seas of the [[Pacific Ocean]]. The Straits of Johor off the south of Peninsular Malaysia acts as the maritime border of Malaysia and Singapore.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D; In East Malaysia, the western coasts of Sabah and Sarawak face the South China Sea. The northeast coast of Sabah faces the Sulu Sea, while the southeast coast of Sabah faces the Celebes Sea.

Malaysia claims 12 nm () as its territorial waters, which extend into the Coral Triangle. It also has an exclusive economic zone of  based on  nautical miles from its coastal baseline. Malaysia claims  in the depth of the continental shelf or to the depth of exploration within the area below the South China Sea known as Sundaland. &#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup> The territorial claim for the Strait of Malacca is shared between Malaysia and Indonesia in accordance to a treaty signed in 1970 known as the ''Treaty Between the Republic of Indonesia and Malaysia on Determination of boundary Lines of Territorial Waters of the two Nations at the Strait of Malacca''.
 

The Bera Lake in Pahang is one of the largest lakes in Malaysia, and one of the only two natural lakes in Malaysia with Chini Lake. Pedu Lake is a  long lake located  from the Malaysia–Thailand border. Kenyir Lake is the largest artificial lake in Southeast Asia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

### Koguna
Akwai tsarin koguna da yawa da aka samu a kusa da Malaysia. Mafi tsawo shine Kogin Rajang a Sarawak tare da tsawon kilomita 760 (472 .  Na biyu mafi tsawo shine Kogin Kinabatangan a Sabah tare da tsawon kilomita 560 (348 .  Kogin da ya fi tsayi a cikin Peninsular Malaysia shine Kogin Pahang tare da tsawon kilomita 435 (270 . 

## Dabbobi na daji
Malaysia ƙasa ce mai yawa, tare da yawan nau'o'in halittu da kuma matakan da suka fi yawa. Wadannan gandun daji suna dauke da Rafflesia, furen da ya fi girma a duniya. Cire gandun daji na Borneo ya sa dabbobin daji su koma cikin gandun daji a cikin ƙasa.

## Bala'o'i na halitta
Wurin yanki na Malaysia yana kare ƙasar daga mafi yawan manyan bala'o'i.  Tana kan wani farantin da ke da kwanciyar hankali wanda ke rage haɗarin girgizar ƙasa kai tsaye da dutsen mai aman wuta, an kiyaye shi daga wani yanki daga tsunami ta wuraren da ke kewaye da shi, kuma wuri ne da ba kasafai ake kaiwa ga guguwa ba.  Sai dai yanayin yanayin zafi na kasar yana bude kasar ga hadarin ambaliya, zaizayar kasa da kuma tsawan lokaci na fari.  Sauyin yanayi na duniya na iya ta'azzara lamarin tare da matsananciyar yanayi a kudu maso gabashin Asiya wanda ke haifar da hatsarin tattalin arziki, siyasa da zamantakewa ga Malaysia.  

### Guguwa da ambaliyar ruwa

Tare da kwandunan ruwa 189 da matsakaicin ruwan sama sama da 2,000-4,000 mm a kowace shekara, Malaysia tana da saurin kamuwa da kogi, ambaliya mai laka wadda ke kama da ambaliya ta tsawon sa'o'i, zuwa tsawan ambaliya a kan lebur, ƙasa mai ƙasƙanci tare da manyan ƙorafi da babban tushe.  Abubuwa 15 na manyan ambaliyar ruwa a yankin sun faru tun 1926;  ambaliya mai mahimmanci sun haɗa da ambaliya na 1971 a ciki da kewayen Kuala Lumpur wanda ya kashe 32, ya shafi 180,000 kuma ya haifar da ƙaddamar da ayyukan shawo kan ambaliyar ruwa a cikin birni, ambaliya ta 2006 da 2007 a Johor wanda ya haifar da mutuwar 18 da RM1.5 biliyan a cikin lalacewa ban da ƙaura na wucin gadi na 110 na cibiyar da kuma manyan mutane 100.  Kwarin a cikin 2021-2022 wanda ya haifar da mutuwar mutane 54, aƙalla RM5.3-6.5 biliyan a cikin diyya kuma ya bar 125,490 da muhallansu.  Ambaliyar ruwa ta kasance babban abin damuwa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, saboda saurin bunkasuwar da ake samu a yankunan magudanar ruwa wanda ya haifar da karuwar kwararar ruwa da kogunan ruwa, da yawaitar rabe-rabe a cikin koguna, da kuma yashewar kogin.

Saboda raunin sojojin Coriolis daga kusancinsa zuwa equator, hanyoyin kai tsaye na cyclones na wurare masu zafi ba safai ba ne ga ƙasar duk da kusancin da take da shi zuwa ga guguwa mai zafi na Arewa maso yammacin Pacific.  Guguwar iska daya tilo da ta shafi Malesiya tun lokacin da aka fara rikodin sune Tropical Storm Greg a 1996 da Tropical Storm Vamei a 2001;  Guguwar da ta wuce Sabah ta kasance mafi muni a tarihin kasar, inda mutane 238 suka mutu, 102 kuma suka bace.  Koyaya, ɓacin rai na wurare masu zafi gami da yanayin guguwa da ke haifar da guguwa ta hanyar wucewar guguwa sun yi ƙasa akai-akai, galibi suna haifar da ruwan sama mai yawa da ambaliya, kamar wutsiyar Typhoon Lekima da ta buge Malay Peninsula a cikin Agusta 2018, da hanyar 2021's Tropical Depression 29W da ke haifar da balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguro na Malesiya a tsakiyar balaguron balaguro.  yankin tsakanin Disamba 2021 da Janairu 2022.

### Ayyukan girgizar ƙasa
Malaysia tana da kwanciyar hankali sosai tare da ɗan tarihin zamani na aikin dutsen wuta, kasancewar tana gaba ɗaya a kan farantin tectonic na Sunda, tsakanin manyan iyakoki biyu na Australian Plate da Eurasian Plate a yammacin Peninsular Malaysia, da Philippine Sea Plate daEurasian Plate da Gabashin Malaysia. 

Peninsular Malaysia ta fi saba da girgizar ƙasa kawai da girgizar ƙasa ta haifar a tsibirin Sumatran na Indonesiya wanda babban laifin Sumatran da Sunda megathrust suka haifar.[1]  Duk da haka, an ji wasu girgizar ƙasa guda biyu waɗanda ba su samo asali ba a Sumatra a yawancin Malaya da Singapore a ranar 31 ga Janairu 1922 da 7 ga Fabrairu 1922. Kamar yadda yake a Singapore, ana jin tasirin girgizar ƙasa a kan skyscrapers na kowa a cikin cibiyoyi masu yawan jama'a a Malaysia saboda sakamakon tasirin injiniyoyi.  Jihohin Gabashin Malesiya, musamman Sabah, suna cikin haɗarin mafi tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki da girgizar ƙasa saboda kusancinsa da ayyukan tectonic masu aiki tare da Ring of Fire, tare da rikodin girgizar ƙasa a ƙasar da ya faru a Sabah a 1923, 1951, 1976 da 2015 a matsakaicin 6.0-6 MW na Sabah.  dutsen mai aman wuta daya tilo a kasar a filin dutsen Tawau da kuma bakin tekun jihar.  Sananniya, tsaunin Bombalai na ƙarshe ya fashe a zamanin Holocene, yayin da babbar fashewa ta ƙarshe a Malaysia ta yau ta faru a lokacin da aka kafa jerin tsibiran volcanic (wanda ya haɗa da Pulau Tiga) kusa da Kimanis Bay a cikin 1897.

Sha'awar haɗarin Tsunami ga Malaysia ya ƙaru tun bayan Girgizar kasa ta Tekun Indiya ta 2004. Kodayake yammacin gabar tekun Peninsular Malaysia ya sami kariya daga Sumatra daga cikakken tasirin raƙuman ruwa da girgizar ƙasa ta haifar, raƙuman tsunami masu rauni sun haifar da lalacewa da rauni a arewa maso yammacin gawar tekun Peninsula Malaysia, suna shafar Perlis, Kedah, Penang da Perak. Har ila yau, bala'in ya nuna haɗarin ƙarin tsunami wanda zai iya mamaye bakin teku kai tsaye na kuskuren karkashin teku, da farko a kusa da Tekun Kudancin China.

## Albarkatun halitta

### Ma'adanai da man fetur
Malaysia produces petroleum and is a net exporter. Malaysia also produces liquefied natural gas as well as various other related products, most of which are found off the coasts of Terengganu, Sabah, and Sarawak. Other notable natural resources includes tin, timber, copper, iron, ore, and bauxite.&#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

Malaysia ita ce babbar mai fitar da tin har zuwa rushewar masana'antu a cikin shekarun 1980. Ana samun ajiyar tin a yankuna a Selangor, kwarin Kinta a Perak, Pahang da Johor .  Akwai manyan ajiyar zinariya a garuruwan Pahang na Raub da Kuala Lipis da kuma gundumar Kelantan ta Gua Musang . 

Ana iya samun katako a cikin manyan gandun daji a Malaysia, musamman a Gabashin Malaysia. Jimlar fitar da Itace da sauran kayayyakin katako na Malaysia sun kai MYR biliyan 23.4 a shekara ta 2007. 

=== Amfani da ƙasa ===
Ana amfani da manyan yankuna na ƙasa a matsayin gonakin [[Manja|Man dabino]], gonakin roba, da gonakin paddy. Malaysia ita ce babbar mai fitar da man dabino a duniya wacce ke samar da tan miliyan 15.8 na man dabino mai a shekara ta 2007.  Malaysia kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu samarwa da masu fitar da roba da sauran kayayyakin roba.

As of 2011, the percentage arable land in Malaysia is 5.44%. Croplands consists of 17.49% while other land uses consists of 77.07%. As of 2009, irrigated land covers 3,800&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.  Total renewable water resource total 580 cubic km as of 2011.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;Peninsular Malaysia is more populated than East Malaysia with 79.2% of the population living in Peninsular Malaysia. In 2002, 59% of Malaysian population lived in urban areas, while the rest live in rural areas. The largest city is Kuala Lumpur with a population of 1.89 million people in the city, and about 7 million in the metropolitan area known as Klang Valley. Other major cities include George Town, Ipoh, Johor Bahru, Kuching, and Kota Kinabalu.