Kabaddi

**Kabaddi** yana ɗaya daga cikin wasannin gargajiya na Kudancin Asiya. A cikin wannan wasan, maharbi ya shiga rabin kotun da ke adawa da juna don taba masu tsaron gida da yunkurin dawowa cikin dakika 30 ba tare da an yi musu maganin ba. Ana ba da maki don alamun nasara, yayin da masu tsaron gida ke samun maki don dakatar da maharan. 'Yan wasan da aka yiwa alama ko aka yi musu maganin ba su daɗe na ɗan lokaci amma suna iya sake shiga lokacin da ƙungiyarsu ta ci. Raids suna musanya tsakanin ƙungiyoyi a duk lokacin wasan.

Ya shahara a Kudancin Asiya da kuma ƙasashen Asiya na kusa. Ko da yake asusun kabaddi ya bayyana a tarihin Indiya, wasan ya shahara a matsayin wasanni mai gasa a karni na 20. Wasan kasa ne na Bangladesh .  Shi ne na uku mafi shahara da kallon wasanni a Indiya bayan wasan kurket da kwallon kafa .   Wasan jiha ne na jihohin Indiya na Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, da Uttar Pradesh . 

Akwai manyan nau'o'i biyu: " Punjabi kabaddi ", wanda kuma ake kira "salon da'irar", ya ƙunshi nau'o'in wasanni na gargajiya da ake yi a filin madauwari a waje, da kuma "daidaitaccen salon / rectangular", a cikin kotu na rectangular a cikin gida, ana buga shi a cikin manyan kungiyoyin ƙwararru da gasa na duniya kamar Wasannin Asiya .

## Suna
An san wannan wasan da sunaye masu yawa a sassa daban-daban na yankin Indiya, kamar: *kabaddi* ko *chedugudu* a Andhra Pradesh da Telangana ; *kabaddi* in Maharashtra, Karnataka dan Kerala ; *kabaddi*, *komonti* or *ha-du-du* in West Bengal and Bangladesh ; *baibalaa* in Maldives, *kauddi-kauddi* in Sindh, *kabaddi* a yankin Punjab ; *hu-tu-tu* a Yammacin Indiya, *ha-do-do a* Gabashin Indiya ; *chadakudu* a Kudancin Indiya ; *kapardi* a Nepal ; *kabad* ko *sadugudu* in Tamil Nadu ; da *chakgudu* in Sri Lanka . 

### Bayanin suna
Ana buƙatar maharan ya aiwatar da kowane hari akan numfashi guda; don tabbatar da cewa ba su shakar ba, ana bukatar su yawaita rera kalmar “kabaddi”, a wani tsari da ake yi wa lakabi da cant.    Kalmar kabaddi ta fito ne daga kalmar Tamil da ta ƙunshi "Kai" da "Pidi", ma'ana "kama hannu".  &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Tarihi

### Zamanin da
Ronojoy Sen yayi hasashe a cikin littafinsa *Nation At Play* cewa kabaddi ya samo asali ne a zamanin Vedic (tsakanin 1500 BC da 500 BC).  Akwai asusun Krishna Santosh Yadav da kuma Ubangiji Krishna da suka buga wani tsohon nau'i na wasanni.   

Bisa ga asalin wasan, kabaddi wasa ne da aka samar da shi a kan Jallikattu .    Ana ɗaukar ɗan wasan da zai je ƴan adawa kamar sa. Kamar tadawa bijimi ne ba tare da an taba shi ba, kamar yadda ya zo a cikin adabin Sangam cewa ana yin wasan da ake kira Sadugudu tun shekaru da yawa.

Akwai kuma bayanan da aka yi wa kabaddi a Iran shekaru 2,000 da suka wuce.  

### Wannan zamanin

Kabaddi na zamani haɗin siffofi ne na wasan da ake buga shi a hanyoyi daban-daban da sunaye daban-daban a nahiyar ƙasashen Indiya. An fara danganta Indiya da yada shaharar kabaddi a matsayin wasa na gasa, inda aka fara shirya gasa ta farko a shekarun 1920, an haɗa shi a cikin shirin Wasannin Ƙasa na Indiya a 1938, kafa Ƙungiyar Kabaddi ta Ƙasa ɗaya a 1950, sannan kuma aka buga shi a matsayin wasan nuna fasaha a gasar farko ta Wasannin Asiya na 1951 a New Delhi. Wadannan ci gaban sun taimaka wajen tsare dokokin wasan, wanda a al'ada ana buga shi ne a kan ƙasa a cikin ƙauyuka, domin samun gasa ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta gaskiya.

An shirya tsarin farko na dokokin wasan a Maharashtra a shekarun 1920, inda aka yi amfani da wasannin Ingila a matsayin tsari wajen tsara shi. Daya daga cikin farkon manyan gasanni na zamani na wasan, Gasar Kabaddi ta Ƙasa ɗaya a 1923, an buga shi bisa waɗannan dokokin da aka gyara. Bayan sake nunawa a Wasannin Asiya na 1982 a Delhi, an saka kabaddi cikin shirin Wasannin Asiya daga shekarar 1990.

Fara Pro Kabaddi League (PKL) a 2014 ya kawo sauyi babba ga salon wasan, inda aka yi canje-canje daban-daban a dokoki; misali, a da babu iyakar lokaci ga hare-hare sai ƙarfin numfashin mai kai hari, dokokin PKL sun kawo tsarin iyaka na dakiku 30 ga kowanne hari.

### Salon Daidaitacce

A sigar wasan kabaddi na ƙasa da ƙasa, kungiyoyi biyu ne ke fafatawa, kowanne na da 'yan wasa guda bakwai suna mamaye rabin fili daban;  ga maza da  ga mata. Kowanne ƙungiya na da karin 'yan wasa guda biyar a ajiya domin musanya. Ana buga wasan ne da rabi biyu na mintuna 20, tare da hutun rabin lokaci na mintuna 5 inda kungiyoyi ke musayar wurare. A kowane zagaye na wasa, wanda ake kira "hari" (raid), ɗan wasa daga ɓangaren masu kai hari wanda ake kira "mai kai hari" (raider) zai shiga rabin filin abokan hamayya don taɓa yawan 'yan wasa bakwai na masu tsaron gida yadda zai iya. Mai kai hari dole ne ya ketare layin baulk zuwa yankin masu tsaro sannan ya dawo rabin filin nasu ba tare da an kama shi ba. (Idan mai kai hari ya taɓa mai tsaro amma bai kai layin baulk ba tukuna, ba lallai ne ya kai layin baulk ba don ya ci maki; zai iya komawa rabin filin nasu.) Yayin hari, mai kai hari dole ne ya riƙa faɗar *kabaddi* a fili don tabbatarwa ga alkalai cewa harin yana kan numfashi guda ba tare da ya sha iska ba. Kowanne hari yana da iyakar lokaci na dakiku 30.

Ana samun maki guda ɗaya ga kowanne mai tsaro da aka taɓa; ana iya yin taɓawa da kowanne bangare na jikin mai kai hari, kuma a kowanne bangare na jikin mai tsaro. Idan mai kai hari ya taka bayan layin kari (bonus line) da ke cikin yankin masu tsaro yayin da ake da 'yan wasa shida ko fiye, zai samu karin maki guda wanda ake kira maki kari (bonus point) – wannan maki na kari ana samun shi ne kawai idan ƙafar baya tana cikin iska yayin da yake taka layin. Idan an dakatar da mai kai hari (an kama shi), to ƙungiyar da ke tsaron fili za ta sami maki maimakon haka. Duk 'yan wasa da aka taɓa ko aka kama za a cire su daga wasa, amma ana dawo da ɗaya daga cikinsu don kowanne maki da ƙungiya ta samu daga wani taɓawa ko kama. Duk da haka, maki na kari ba ya dawo da 'yan wasa. Bugu da ƙari, duk mai wasa da ya taka wajen iyakar fili zai fita daga wasa. Amma iyakar fili na iya canzawa a tsakiyar hari; akwai layuka biyu a gefen fili da ake kira "yankunan lobby" waɗanda kawai ke zama ɓangare na fili idan mai kai hari ya taɓa abokin hamayya.

Hari da ba a sami maki daga gare shi ba ana kiran shi "hari fanko" (empty raid). A gefe guda, idan mai kai hari ya samu maki uku ko fiye a zagaye guda, ana kiran shi "hari babba" (super raid). Idan ƙungiya ta fitar da duka 'yan wasa bakwai na ƙungiyar kishiya ("All Out"), suna samun karin maki biyu sannan a mayar da duk 'yan wasan abokan hamayya cikin wasa.

Idan aka tashi kunnen doki, dokokin PKL suna tanadarwa (ga wasannin karshe na zakarun gasar) cewa kowanne ƙungiya za ta yi hare-hare guda biyar a kan ɗayan, ba tare da iyakar lokaci ba, ba tare da fitar da 'yan wasa ko dawo da su ba, kuma layin baulk zai zama layin kari a lokaci guda.

## Manazarta