open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Bridie O'Mullane

**Bridget Josephine O'Mullane** (4 Maris 1895–1969/1970)  babbar mamba ce a Cumann na mBan a lokacin Yaƙin 'Yancin Kan Ireland, inda ta kasance jami'ar ɗaukar ma'aikata. A lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Ireland, ta kasance darektan tallatawa da farfaganda.

## Tarihin Rayuwa

An haifi O'Mullane a ranar 4 ga Maris, 1895 a Sligo ga Bridget ( née McCaffery) da James Mullane. Mahaifinta ɗan sanda ne na Royal Irish, yayin da mahaifiyarta ke gudanar da shagon zane a garin.  Count Plunkett yana ziyartar garin Sligo a shekarar 1917 bayan nasarar da ya samu a matsayin ɗan majalisar Sinn Féin a zaɓen ɗan majalisar North Roscommon kuma ya zauna tare da iyalan Mullane a titin Grattan. Countess Plunkett ta shaida wa O'Mullane game da Cumann na mBan da kuma yadda suke ɗaukar ma'aikata da kuma buƙatar reshe a Sligo. A shekarar 1918, O'Mullane ta kasance memba na Babban Jami'in Cumann na mBan. Ta kafa rassanta a County Sligo kuma ta ci gaba da aiki a duk faɗin ƙasar.   A lokacin Yaƙin 'Yancin Kan Ireland, O'Mullane ta zagaya Ireland tana kafawa da kuma kula da layukan sadarwa tsakanin rundunonin Sojojin Republican na Dublin da na Irish a duk faɗin Ireland. O'Mullane ne ke da alhakin kula da sadarwa da sassan da ke Gundumomin Down, Londonderry, Kildare, Louth, Meath da Westmeath . 

An kama ta a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 1918 saboda sayar da tutoci ba tare da izini ba, don tara kuɗi ga ƙungiyar. An kuma kama ta lokacin da take ziyartar mahaifinta a gidan yari, saboda ɗaukar littattafai masu tayar da zaune tsaye, kuma daga baya a lokacin yakin basasa, ta yi aiki a ɓangaren adawa da yarjejeniyar, an kama O'Mullane aka kuma daure ta a Kilmainham Gaol . An bar ɗakinta da aka yi wa ado da zane-zane, taken ƙasa da zane waɗanda har yanzu ake iya gani. An naɗa ta a matsayin Daraktan Yaɗa Labarai da Yaɗa Labarai a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Ireland . [1] [2] [3] [4] [ [5] [6] [7] [8]

A lokacin da take fursunan siyasa a Kilmainham Gaol, an naɗa O'Mullane a matsayin Jami'in Kwamandan Gidan Yari na A Wing.  Ta gudanar da tattaunawa da kwamandan gidan yarin a madadinsu. An kuma ruwaito cewa 'yan sanda sun yi mata duka a lokacin da take tsare.  

Bayan yaƙin, O'Mullane memba ce a cikin Abokan Tarayyar Soviet Rasha kuma ta halarci tarurruka daban-daban tsakanin ma'aikata.  Ta mutu tana da shekaru 74 kuma an binne ta a cikin Filayen Republican a Makabartar Glasnevin . 

## Manazarta
Osing language

Bahasa Osing), wanda aka fi sani da *Baza Banyuwangi*, yaren Javanese na zamani ne na Mutanen Osing na Gabashin Java, Indonesia. Yaren Osing yana amfani da diphthongization na musamman (canja wasula [i] zuwa [ai] da wasula [u] zuwa [au]) wanda ba a samu a cikin wasu yarukan Javanese. An rarraba su da farko a cikin Banyuwangi Regency, amma kuma ana iya samun su a gabashin Jember Regency, musamman a gundumomin Panti da W Fe.

Wasu kalmomin Osing suna da infix /-y-/ 'ngumbyah', 'kidyang', waɗanda ake furta /ngumbah/ da /kidang/ a cikin Javanese, bi da bi.

Hasan Ali, mai ba da shawara game da amfani da harshe a Banyuwangi ne ya buga ƙamus na harshe a shekara ta 2002.

## Kalmomin kalmomi
Kalmomin Osing daban-daban sun hada da: 

* *osing / sing* 'ba' (ka'idar Javanese: ora) 
* paran 'me' (ma'auni na Javanese) 
* "Idan" (alamu na Javanese) 
* *kelendhi* 'yadda' (tsarin Javanese: kepiyè, piyè) 
* *maning* 'sake' (ma'auni na Javanese: manèh, Yaren Banyumasan da wasu Gresik na Javanes suma suna amfani da 'maning') 
* *isun* 'Ni / ni' (ma'auni na Javanese: aku, Lamongan da Gresik wani lokacin kuma suna amfani da 'esun') 
* *rikå* 'ku' (ka'idar Javanese: kowè, Yaren Banyumasan kuma yana amfani da "rikå") 
* *zobe* /nong 'in/at/on' (ka'idar Javanese: ning, nang, Malang kuma yana amfani da 'nong', Harshen Balinese da Tsohon Javanese suma suna amfani da "ring") 
* masiyå/*ambèknå* 'ko da'/'ko da yake' (ma'auni na Javanese: senadyan, senajan, najan, yaren Arekan na Javanish kuma yana amfani da 'masiyå' / ambekna) 

## Manazarta
Ndèye Tické Ndiaye Diop

**Ndèye Tické Ndiaye Diop** 'yar siyasa ce 'yar ƙasar Senegal daga Thiès. Ta zama Ministar Tattalin Arzikin Dijital da Sadarwa a watan Afrilun 2019.

## Aiki
Ita injiniya ce a fannin fasahar kamun kifi.  Ta gudanar da ayyuka don tallafawa al'ummar Thiès, kamar ba wa mata lamuni da kuma saka hannun jari a wuraren tsafta. An ba ta kyautar *Icone 2016* saboda ayyukanta. 

Ta fara aiki a matsayin Sakatare Janar na Ma'aikatar Kamun Kifi. A shekarar 2017, an naɗa ta shugabar Hukumar Kula da Harkokin Ruwa ta Ƙasa ta Senegal (ANAM).    

A watan Afrilun 2019, an naɗa ta a matsayin Ministar Tattalin Arzikin Dijital da Sadarwa (wacce ta maye gurbin Abdoulaye Baldé)  da kuma Kakakin Gwamnati. 

A ranar 21 ga watan Maris, 2021, Majalisar Ministoci ta naɗa ta jakadar Senegal a Brazil.   Ta gabatar da takardun shaidarta ga shugaban ƙasar Brazil Jair Bolsonaro a ranar 8 ga 5 Oktoba, 2021 

## Manazarta
Pegon script

**Pegon** ( Javanese   

A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, Indonesia_language" id="mwSQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Indonesian language">Harshen Indonesian ya girma a cikin shahararsa da rawar da yake takawa a matsayin harshen ƙasa na Indonesia. Don haka, cibiyoyin wallafe-wallafen da ke da alaƙa da makarantun addini sun ci gaba da haɓaka sabbin kayan koyarwa, don faɗaɗa amfani da rubutun Pegon zuwa harshen Indonesian. Harshen Indonesian, kasancewa iri-iri na Malay, an kuma rubuta shi ta hanyar rubutun 'yar'uwar Pegon, Jawi.

## Magana
Kalmar *Pegon* ta samo asali ne daga kalmar Javanese , ma'ana "karkatarwa", saboda aikin rubuta harshen Javanese tare da rubutun Larabci, wanda Mutanen Javan suka ɗauka ba daidai ba ne.

## Tarihi
Ɗaya daga cikin misalai na farko na amfani da Pegon na iya zama *Masa'il al-ta'lim*, wani aiki a kan dokar Islama da aka rubuta a Larabci tare da fassarar interlinear da sharhi a cikin Javanese. An rubuta rubutun ne a shekara ta 1623 kuma an rubuta shi a kan , takarda da aka yi daga bark na itacen mulberry.

## Wasiƙu
Pegon yana amfani da haruffa na asali na rubutun Larabci tare da ƙarin haruffa bakwai don wakiltar sautunan Javanese na asali wanda ba a cikin Larabci ba. Ana amfani da ƙarin harafi a cikin kalmomin aro na ƙasashen waje. Wadannan sabbin haruffa an kafa su ne ta hanyar ƙara dots zuwa siffofin haruffa na asali. Pegon ba a daidaita shi ba kuma ana iya ganin bambancin yadda ake wakilta waɗannan ƙarin haruffa, galibi a matsayin dots (sama ko ƙasa) da kuma yawan dots (ɗaya, biyu ko uku).   A cikin kayan koyarwa na baya-bayan nan, an kara ƙarin haruffa don amfani da rubutun don rubuta Harshen Indonesian.

## Wakilin wasula

### Alamar sautin
Rubutun Larabci abjad ne, ma'ana cewa a mafi yawancin, ana rubuta ƙamus ne kawai. Larabci yana da wasula uku, wanda zai iya zama gajere ko tsawo. Akwai haruffa uku a cikin Larabci (ا ,و ,ي) wanda kuma zai iya wakiltar dogon wasula, amma gabaɗaya, ana amfani da gajerun wasula kawai a cikin matani na addini da matani da aka tsara don masu farawa. Harshen Javanese, Sundanese, da Madurese ya bambanta sosai. Akwai wasula shida, kuma babu alamar tsawon wasula. Don haka, an daidaita rubutun ta hanyar amfani da wasula diacritics tare da و ,ي , da ا don wakiltar wasula na harsunan Java.
## manazarta
Harshen Ulumandaʼ

**Ulumandaʼ**' yare ne na Austronesian na Yammacin Sulawesi, Indonesia . Kusan ana iya fahimta tare da wasu yarukan Pitu Ulunna Salu,  amma Ulumanda" ya bambanta da jerin wasula na gaba.

## Fasahar sauti
Lissafin wasula na Ulumanda' kamar haka: 

Bayanan da aka tabbatar da su kamar haka:

### Harkokin sauti
Ulumandaʼ ba sabon abu ne a tsakanin harsunan Austronesian na Sulawesi don nuna adawar sautin sautin gaba /æ, ø, y/ zuwa sautin baya /ɑ, o, u/ kwatankwacin na Harsunan Uralic. Asalinsa, wasula na gaba sun fito ne daga gaban wasula na baya kafin sassan sassan karshe **k* da **ŋ*, amma an sanya su a cikin sassan karshe lokacin da kalma-ƙarshe **-m* da **-n* suka haɗu da **ŋ* don haifar da *-ŋ* amma ba su kasance a gaban wasula ta baya ba kamar na asali **-ŋ* ba. Wadannan wasula na gaba suna gaba da duk wani wasula na baya a cikin kalma sai dai idan wasula mai tsaka-tsaki kamar **e* ko **i* ya shiga tsakanin wasula. Ba kamar harsunan Uralic ba, jituwa ta wasula tana raguwa maimakon ci gaba.

## manazarta
Mantoulaye Guene

**Mantoulaye Guene** (1939 - 19 Janairu 1991), wacce aka fi sani da **Mantou**, malamar makaranta ce kuma 'yar siyasa ta Senegal a ƙungiyar ci gaba ta Senegal (UPS). An zaɓe ta a matsayin 'yar majalisar Senegal kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Ci gaban Jama'a a Majalisar Ministocin Senegal (1987 zuwa 1988).

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Guene a shekarar 1939 a Dakar, Senegal.   Ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Hameth Fall da ke Saint-Louis, sannan ta yi karatu a Makarantar Cours Normal da ke Rufisque, inda ta samu horo don zama malamar makaranta.  Ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta kafin ta shiga siyasa.  

Guene ta shiga ƙungiyar ci gaba ta Senegal (UPS) a ranar 9 ga watan Yuni 1964 kuma aka zaɓen ta a matsayin ma'ajin kuɗi na ofishin mata na ƙasa na farko. 

An zaɓi Guene a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa a shekarar 1983.  Ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Ci Gaban Jama'a a Majalisar Ministocin Senegal daga ranar 20 ga watan Oktoba 1987 zuwa 5 ga watan Afrilu 1988.   A shekarar 1988, an kai hari gidan Guene da ke Thiès a lokacin dokar ta-baci ta ƙasa.

Guene ta mutu a lokacin da take kan mulki a ranar 19 ga watan Janairun 1991 a Dakar, tana da shekaru 52.

## Manazarta
Vatteluttu

***Vatteluttu*** (Tamil_language" id="mwKQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tamil language" typeof="mw:Transclusion">Tamil, Vaṭṭeyu da Malayalam, IPA), wanda aka fassara shi a matsayin ***Vattezhuthu***, tsarin rubutun alphasyllabic ne ko syllabic na kudancin Indiya (Tamil Nadu da Kerala) da Sri Lanka da aka yi amfani da su don rubutun Tamil da Malayalamu.  Rubutun shine tsarin 'yar'uwa na haruffa na Pallava-Chola . 

 belonged to the "southern group" of Brahmi derivatives (Southern Brahmi, generally associated with Dravidian languages of south India). The script was used in inscriptions and manuscripts of south India for centuries. It is closely related to the Tamil script (although it is more cursive than the Tamil script, with letters with a single curvilinear stroke). The direction of writing in  is from left to right. It notably omits the virama vowel muting device.

## Magana
Ana ba da shawarwari guda uku game da asalin kalmar *. Kalmar  a zahiri 'rubuce-rubuce' ne a cikin wannan mahallin; kuma an sanya shi a nan yana nufin 'tsarin rubutu' ko 'rubucen'.

* Vatte + *Eluttu*; 'rubutun zagaye' 
* *Vata* + *Eluttu*; 'rubutun arewa' 
* Vette + *Eluttu''; 'rubutun da aka rubuta' 

### Sauran sunaye
Rubutun  kuma an san shi da "Tekken-Malayalam" (a zahiri, "Kudancin Malayalam") ko "Nana-mona". An ba da sunan "Nana-mona" saboda, a lokacin da aka koyar da rubutun, an fara kalmomin "namostu" da sauransu, waɗanda ake rubuta su "nana, mona, ittanna, tuva" (wato, "na, mo da tu"), kuma tsarin rubutu saboda haka an san shi da haruffa "nana-mona".

## Tarihi

### Farkon
Rubutun  ya fara tasowa daga Rubutun Tamil-Brahmi (marubucin Tamil-Bahmi, ƙarni na 2 zuwa 4 AD ), daga kusan ƙarni na 4 ko 5 AD. Wannan nau'in farko ana bayyana shi a wasu lokuta a matsayin "nau'in canji" na Rubutun Tamil-Brahmi.

Rubutun  na ƙarni na 5th-6th AD ana kiransa rubutun "" .  An gano siffofin farko na rubutun zuwa dutse na tunawa da rubutun dutse daga wannan lokacin. Wadannan sun hada da, da sauransu, sanannun rubutun dutsen Pulankurichi, da kuma manyan duwatsun jarumi daga Chengam Taluk da Gundumar Dharmapuri da ke kusa da ita a arewacin Tamil Nadu. An tabbatar da Vatteluttu a rubuce-rubuce da yawa a cikin Tamil Nadu daga karni na 6 AD.
## manazarta
Fatou Diouf

**Fatou Diouf** lauya ce kuma 'yar siyasa 'yar ƙasar Senegal, Ministar Kamun Kifi da Tattalin Arzikin Ruwa ta ƙasar Senegal tun daga shekarar 2024. Haka kuma ƙwararriya ce kuma farfesa a fannin shari'ar ruwa a Jami'ar Cheikh Anta Diop.

## Aiki
Diouf tana da digirin digirgir a fannin shari'a tare da digirin digirgir a kan kamun kifi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba kuma ta yi aiki a Daraktar Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa ta 'Yan Kasuwa tsakanin shekarun 1998 da 2004 a Daraktar Kare Kamun Kifi da Kulawa.  Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan shari'a ga Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arzikin Ruwa da Ma'aikatar Muhalli da Kare Yanayi tsakanin shekarun 2005 da 2012.  Ta kuma yi aiki a UNCITRAL, Tarayyar Turai, FAO, UEMOA da ICCAT, kuma farfesa ce ta bincike kuma ƙwararriya a fannin shari'ar ruwa da kamun kifi a Jami'ar Cheikh Anta Diop. 

Bayan rantsar da Bassirou Diomaye Faye a matsayin sabon shugaban ƙasar Senegal, an naɗa Diouf a matsayin Ministar Kamun Kifi da Tattalin Arzikin Ruwa ta mace ta farko a ranar 6 ga watan Afrilu, 2024, inda ta maye gurbin , ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙalubalenta shine cikakken gyaran manufofin kamun kifi, wanda ya haɗa da sake tattaunawa kan yarjejeniyoyin kamun kifi da Tarayyar Turai da kuma yaƙi da kamun kifi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. A watan Mayu na shekarar 2025, ta bayyana alƙawarin gwamnati na tallafawa sauyin kamun kifi ta hanyar tabbatar da dorewa da kuma ikon cin abinci.  

A watan Fabrairun 2026 aka zaɓen ta mataimakiyar shugabar ƙungiyar kula da harkokin ruwa ta Yamma da Tsakiyar Afirka.

## Wallafe-wallafe

* "Takaddama kan tsare-tsare da gine-gine a gaban kotun gudanarwa a Senegal" (2019) 
* "Dokar Teku a cikin Ƙasashen Membobin Tarayyar Afirka: Senegal (2017) 
* "Tsarin shari'a na duniya don yaƙi da haramtattun abubuwa, waɗanda ba a bayar da rahoto ba, da kuma waɗanda ba a yi musu ka'ida ba" (2016) 
* "Ɓangarorin shari'a na yaƙi da kamun kifi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, ba a bayar da rahoto ba, da kuma waɗanda ba a yi musu kamun kifi ba a Senegal" (2015) 

## Manazarta
Marie Khemesse Ngom Ndiaye

**Marie Kemesse Ngom Ndiaye** likita ce kuma 'yar siyasa 'yar ƙasar Senegal. 

## Ilimi
Ta kammala karatunta a Jami'ar Cheikh Anta Diop a shekarar 1991. 

## Aiki
A lokacin annobar COVID-19 a Senegal, ta yi aiki a matsayin Daraktar Lafiyar Jama'a a Ma'aikatar Lafiya. 

A watan Mayun 2022, an naɗa ta Ministar Lafiya a gwamnatin Sall ta huɗu, inda ta maye gurbin Abdoulaye Diouf Sarr wanda aka kora daga aiki. 

An sake naɗa ta a matsayin Ministar Lafiya a ranar 17 ga watan Satumba, 2022 a ƙarƙashin sabuwar majalisar ministocin da Firayim Minista Amadou Bâ ya kafa.

## Manazarta
Muirgel

**Muirgel** wata mace 'yar Ireland ce wadda ta kashe wani shugaban Viking a shekara ta 882 AD. 

An haifi Muirgel ga wani muhimmin shugaba a Ulster, Maelechlainn. A cewar *Chronium Scotorum*, ta kashe ɗan Ausli tare da taimakon Otir, ɗan Eirgni.  Ɗan Ausli muhimmin jigo ne na tsoffin abokan gaba na Vikings .  Daga baya masana tarihi sun tuna da wannan aikin da makamantansu a matsayin wani abin da mace mai "aminci ga 'yan'uwa, dangi da ƙasa" ta nuna. 

Duk da cewa yawancin majiyoyi sun nuna cewa labarin Muirgel ya fara ne da kisan gillar da aka yi wa shugaban ƙasar waje, wasu majiyoyi sun nuna wani nau'in rayuwarta daban. An ruwaito cewa Muirgel ta auri wani ɗan Viking mai suna Iarnkne (wanda wataƙila ɗan Ausli ne ko kuma ba zai iya zama ba) domin ƙirƙirar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin al'ummomin biyu. [1] An ƙara faɗaɗa wannan sigar labarinta a cikin littafin The Mystery of the Mala'iku [2] da kuma Bloody Sunday: The Story of the 1920 Irish Rebellion, [3] duka littattafan almara na Joseph Murphy. [1]

## Manazarta
Thérèse King

**Thérèse King** (15 ga Yuli 1934 a Ziguinchor  – 16 ga watan Afrilu 2015 a Dakar)  'yar siyasa ce ta Senegal. Ta kasance Ministar Lafiyar Jama'a daga ranar 5 ga watan Afrilu 1988 zuwa ranar 27 ga watan Maris 1990  a ƙarƙashin shugabancin Abdou Diouf.  Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ministocin gwamnati mata ta farko a Senegal, kuma mace ta biyu Ministar Lafiyar Jama'a bayan Marie Sarr Mbodj.

Ta kuma jagoranci ƙungiyar mata masu ra'ayin gurguzu ta yankin Ziguinchor. 

A shekarar 2010, an naɗa ta a matsayin Grand Cross of the National Order of the Lion.

## Manazarta
Marcella Cosgrave

**Marcella Cosgrave** (30 Afrilu 1873 - 31 Janairu 1938) ɗan ƙasar Ireland ne. Ta kasance memba ce ta Inghinidhe na hÉireann da Cumann na mBan kuma ta shiga cikin tashin Ista na 1916 da Yaƙin Independence na Irish .

## Bayani
An haifi Cosgrave a lamba 4 Georges Quay, Dublin, ga Patrick Cosgrave, wani mai kera jiragen ruwa, da Mary Whittaker.  A shekara ta 1901 tana zaune tare da ƙanenta da ƙanwarta, Thomas da (Mary) Anne, a Georges Quay kuma tana kula da su.  A shekara ta 1911 Cosgrave, wacce yanzu take aikin soja, tana zaune a Titin Tara kuma ta cike fom ɗin ƙidayar jama'a da harshen Irish. 

## Harkokin siyasa
Cosgrave ya kasance a wurin kafuwar Inghinidhe na hÉireann a ranar Ista Lahadi, 15 Afrilu 1900. 

Lokacin da aka narkar da Inghinidhe aka haɗa ta zuwa Cumann na mBan a shekarar 1914, Cosgrave ta shiga ƙungiyar ta ƙarshe, tana aiki a reshenta na Inghinidhe har zuwa mutuwarta. 

## Shiga cikin 1916
Tare da wasu mata 23, Cosgrave ta yi aiki a lokacin Easter Rising a sansanin soja na Marrowbone Lane, wanda ke da hedikwata a Jameson's Distillery, a matsayin shugaban sansanin sojoji na Cumann na mBan.  Rundunar sojojin tana da alhakin kare bayan South Dublin Union . A matsayinta na mai kula da sansanin sojoji, Cosgrave ta yi nasarar samun saniya da 'yan maruƙanta, waɗanda suka shayar don taimakawa wajen ciyar da sansanin sojoji. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

Da zarar masu aikin sa kai sun mika wuya, an kama Cosgrave kuma da farko an kai shi Barikin Richmond . Daga nan aka mayar da su Kilmainham Gaol . An tsare ta a can na tsawon kwanaki 10.  An sake ta a ranar 8 ga Mayu 1916.  

## Bayan Tashin Hankali
Tsakanin Tashi da Yaƙin 'Yanci, membobin reshen Inghinidhe da yawa na Cumann na mBan suma sun shiga cikin tallafawa iyalan mutanen da suka ci gaba da zama a kurkuku ko kuma aka kashe su. Cosgrave memba ne na Ƙungiyar Agajin Ƙasa ta Ireland da Asusun Masu Taimakon Sa-kai. Sauran ayyukan Cumann na mBan sun haɗa da taimakon gaggawa da horar da sojoji. Sun kuma tattara kuɗi, da farko don asusun masu dogaro sannan daga baya don ba da damar siyan makamai ga Rundunar 'Yan Republican ta Ireland . [1]

Ta kuma yi aiki a Yaƙin 'Yanci amma akwai ƙarancin bayanai game da ayyukanta. Duk da haka, lambar yabo ta wannan yaƙin tana cikin tarin Kilmainham Gaol. 

Cosgrave ta mutu a ranar 31 ga Janairun 1938 a lamba 3 Georges Street, Dublin.  An binne ta a makabartar Glasnevin .

## Manazarta
'Yan'uwa mata na Cadiz

**Rosalind Mary Garcias de Cadiz** (15 ga Yuni 1878 - 22 ga Janairu 1955) da **Leila Gertrude Garcias de Cadiz** (an haife su kimanin 1879), waɗanda aka fi sani da ' **yan'uwan Cadiz**, 'yan'uwa mata biyu ne da aka san su da hannu a cikin ƙungiyar Suffragette a Ireland . Sunayensu **Jane Murphy** da **Margaret (Maggie) Murphy** a lokacin yaƙin da suke yi.   

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife su a Madras, Indiya ga Margarita Lawder, wata mace 'yar Roscommon da ke tafiya zuwa Indiya da kuma Thomas Raymond de Cadiz, wani lauya ɗan ƙasar Sipaniya da aka haifa a Trinidad, 'yan'uwan biyu sun kasance biyu daga cikin yara shida jimilla. Akwai tagwaye da aka haifa a Dublin, sauran kuma a lokacin da iyayensu ke Indiya. Ma'auratan sun mutu cikin 'yan shekaru kaɗan da juna, suka bar 'ya'yan da aka fara renon su a hannun goggon mahaifiyarsu da 'yan uwansu a Gidan St John, Lecarrow, County Roscommon.         

'Yan'uwa mata sun fara sha'awar ƙungiyar zaɓen 'yan ƙasa. A shekarar 1910, sun shiga ƙungiyar 'yan mata ta Irish's Franchise League' da kuma ƙungiyar mata ta zamantakewa da siyasa ta Birtaniya. A shekarar 1912 an daure 'yan'uwa mata a Holloway da ke Ingila inda aka yi musu yajin cin abinci da kuma ciyar da su da ƙarfi. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, sun kasance cikin ƙungiyar mata takwas da suka fasa tagogi na gine-ginen gwamnati a Dublin. An ba wa dukkan matan zaman gidan yari a gidan yarin Mountjoy, tsawon lokacin ya danganta da lalacewar da aka yi. An ba wa 'yan'uwa mata Cadiz watanni biyu kowannensu saboda hakan. Dukansu biyun sun ƙi abinci yayin da suke gidan yari. Da yake an fi son ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa ta Irish ta yi amfani da ƙarfi, daga ƙarshe an kori 'yan'uwa mata daga ƙungiyar Irish a shekarar 1913. 'Yan'uwa mata sun kai ƙarar ƙungiyar Irish amma aka yi watsi da shari'ar.             

A shekarar 1914, sun rubuta wa jaridar The Irish Times suna kira da a bai wa mata izinin shiga aikin jinya kafin su amsa buƙatar ma'aikatan jinya a Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya . Duk da wannan matsayin, matan biyu sun yi aikin sa kai kuma sun shafe yaƙin, da kuma tashin Easter, a matsayin ma'aikatan jinya na Red Cross a Sashen Taimakon Sa-kai . Rosie ta ji rauni sakamakon mummunan rauni a kashin baya a lokacin yaƙin wanda ya haifar da matsalolin motsi; an sallame ta sakamakon haka. Matan biyu sun kuma rasa waɗanda za su aura a yaƙin kuma ba su yi aure ba. Sun rayu sauran rayuwarsu a Dublin. Rosie ta mutu kafin 'yar uwarta a ranar 22 ga Janairu 1955 tana da shekaru 77. [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1]

'Yan'uwa mata biyu sun sami takardar shaidar VAD saboda aikinsu na ma'aikatan jinya amma Leila ta kuma sami lambar yabo ta Yaƙin Jinya saboda yajin cin abinci da ta yi a shekarar 1912. Lambar yabo tana da zane.  

## Manazarta
Úna Brennan

**Úna Brennan** (1888–1958) 'yar jam'iyyar Republican ce kuma mai rajin kare hakkin mata ta Ireland, mai himma a lokacin tashin Ista na 1916 da kuma Yaƙin 'Yanci da Yaƙin Basasa .

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi **Anastasia Bolger** a shekarar 1888 ga John da Johanna (Whitty) Bolger, ita ce babbar 'ya'ya shida a Coolnaboy, County Wexford .  Ta yi karatu a gidan bauta na Loreto da ke Enniscorthy, inda ta kasance mai zama a wani yanki na karkara da ke zaune nesa da gida.

A shekarar 1908, Brennan ta shirya samun wani shafi na wata-wata a jaridar *The Echo* wadda William Sears ya shirya. Ta yi bayani kan batutuwa kamar 'yancin mata a gida da kuma a rayuwar jama'a. Ta shiga Inghinidhe na hÉireann ta zama Sakatare ta gida, daga baya ta zama memba na Cumann na mBan . Ita ma tana ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da suka shiga ƙungiyar 'yan'uwantaka ta Republican ta Ireland .  A matsayinta na mai goyon bayan Harshen Irish, Brennan ta fara canza sunanta zuwa Anatás kafin ta canza shi zuwa Úna. 

Ta auri Robert Brennan a ranar 6 ga Yuli, 1909. Yana cikin Gaelic League da Sinn Féin . Ya koyar da harshen Irish a Wexford, Tagoat, da Castlebridge. Ya kasance memba na 'Yan'uwancin Republican na Ireland kuma ya dage cewa za su rantsar da matarsa. Ya yi imanin cewa mata biyu ne kawai aka rantsar, matarsa da Maud Gonne . A cewar Helena Molony, ta kasance mai tasiri sosai a mujallar Bean na hÉireann. 

## Yaƙe-yaƙen Irish
Duk da cewa tana da 'ya mace 'yar shekara shida a gida, tana tare da mijinta a Athenaeum da ke Enniscorthy, County Wexford a lokacin tashin matattu. Tana ɗaya daga cikin mata uku da suka renon Tricolor a ginin a ranar Alhamis 27 ga Afrilu 1916 [1] tare da Marion Stokes da Gretta Comerford . Daga nan ta kafa asibiti na gaggawa da kicin wanda ta kula da shi tsawon lokacin da aka yi wannan aikin. [2] [3] An kama Brennan aka kai ta gidan yari a Waterford sannan daga baya aka kai ta gidan yarin Mountjoy . Duk da haka, an sake ta bayan 'yan kwanaki. [4]

Bayan Tashin Hankali, dangin Brennan sun ƙaura zuwa Dublin . Brennan ya kasance mai himma a Yaƙin 'Yancin Kan Ireland, yana amfani da gidan a matsayin wurin tsaro ga takardu da mutanen da ke ɓoye, kamar Harry Boland da Colman O'Donovan. A lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Ireland, sun kasance a ɓangaren adawa da Yarjejeniyar kuma sun ci gaba da ba da mafaka ga maza, takardu da aika saƙonni. 

## Iyali da rayuwa daga baya
Ita da mijinta suna da 'ya'ya mata uku, Emer, Maeve da Derry (Deirdre), da kuma ɗa ɗaya, Robert Patrick. Maeve Brennan ta zama marubuciya sananne. 

Mai horar da dawaki mai tsere Jim Bolger ɗan'uwanta ne  kuma marubuciyar Roddy Doyle kakaninta ne.  Robert Brennan ya shiga siyasa kuma an tura shi Amurka. Duk da haka ma'auratan sun koma Ireland a shekarar 1947. Sun zauna a Rathfarnham, Dublin a lokacin da Robert Brennan ya kasance Daraktan Watsa Labarai a Rediyon Éireann. Úna Brennan ta mutu a shekarar 1958. 

## Manazarta
'Yan uwan Elliott

' **Yan'uwan Elliott**, Emily (1893 - 3 Maris 1983, daga baya Ledwith) da Eilish (26 Yuni 1896 - 29 Maris 1966, daga baya Eilís Ní Briain),  'yan'uwa mata biyu ' yan Ireland ne da aka san su da hannu a cikin kishin ƙasa na Ireland, musamman a lokacin tashin Ista a 1916. Su ne membobin da suka kafa Cumann na mBan .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi 'yan'uwan mata a Tonagh  kusa da Glasson, County Westmeath .   An haifi Peter Elliott, wani manomi, da matarsa, Margaret (Berry) Elliott.  Suna da 'yan'uwa takwas da suka rage: Theresa, Rebecca, Ethel (Sr. Imelda), JJ (John Joseph), Andrew, Charles, Edward, da Arthur.       A lokacin da Eilís ke tasowa, yana zaune a Gardiner Place a Dublin. 

'Yan'uwan mata 'yan Cumann na mBan ne . Emily memba ce a reshen Keating kuma tana son yin aikin sa kai a Ofishin Wasiku na Janar, (GPO) kuma ta nufi birnin tare da Eilís Ryan. An kore su daga GPO aka aika su zuwa Reis's Chambers a gefen O'Connell Street daga GPO a lokacin tashin Ista . Masu sa kai suna ƙoƙarin tabbatar da cewa an saki bayanan tashin kuma ɗakunan sun ɗauki nauyin makarantar mara waya . Matan ne ke da alhakin tabbatar da cewa mazan suna da abinci, wanda ya tilasta musu su ketare titin O'Connell yayin da ake ci gaba da kai hari fiye da sau ɗaya. [1] [2] [3] [4] A rana ta biyu, Eilish Elliott ya haɗu da matan biyu. [1] 'Yan'uwan mata daga baya sun yi aiki a Kotuna Huɗu da kuma a Fr Matthew Hall duk suna ba da abinci da tallafin agajin gaggawa. A daren ƙarshe da taimakon firistoci, matan sun haɗu da ikilisiyar daga cocin kuma sun guji kama su. [1] [3]

Mawakin Westmeath, Enda Seery, ya shirya wani jerin waƙoƙin gargajiya na Irish, *A New Ireland in the Orchard Air*, don girmama 'yan'uwa mata.   Majalisar ta yanke shawarar sanya wa sabuwar gada a kan Kogin Shannon gadar Cumman na mBan suna don girmama 'yan'uwa mata da ƙungiyar.  

A ranar 7 ga Afrilu, 2018, Majalisar Gundumar Westmeath ta shirya sauya wa wata hanya da ke Athlone suna zuwa **Elliott Road** domin girmama gudunmawar 'yan'uwa mata biyu na yankin ga tashin Ista. Magajin Garin Athlone, Aengus O'Rourke, ya buɗe alamar sabuwar hanyar da aka sanya wa suna. Jikan Eilís Ní Briain, John McCann, ya yi jawabi a madadin iyalan Elliott.  Babban jikan Eilís Ní Briain, Kevin Griffin, ya sanya lambobin yabo a wannan bikin tarihi wanda ya samu halartar kusan mutane ɗari na iyalan Elliott.

## Manazarta
Bríd Dixon

**Bríd Dixon** (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, 1893) 'Yar asalin ƙasar Ireland ce kuma 'yar jam'iyyar Republican wacce take ɗaya daga cikin mata a cikin GPO a lokacin tashin Ista na 1916.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Bridget Angela Dixon ga Henry Dixon da Mary Gillis na Phibsborough, Dublin. Mahaifinta ɗan kishin ƙasa ne kuma magatakardar lauyoyi.    Dixon ta sami ilimin harshen Irish bisa ga umarnin mahaifinta. Daga nan ta halarci Muckross Park Dominican Convent a Donnybrook. Dixon da 'yan uwanta mata sun halarci Kwalejin Irish a Ballingeary a lokuta da dama. Dixon memba ce a Reshen Keating na Gaelic League . Kamar sauran mutane da yawa, Dixon ta shiga reshen Cumann na mBan na Tsakiya. Ta shiga cikin ayyukan da aka saba, tana koyon taimakon gaggawa da yin tattaki a manyan taruka kamar jana'izar O'Donovan Rossa . Dixon memba ce da ta kafa *Na bAisteoiri* - ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo don shirya wasannin kwaikwayo a cikin Harshen Irish. Daga baya ta zama *Comhar Dramuiochta* . 

## Juyin Juya Hali
A ƙarshen mako kafin Easter Rising, mahaifin Dixon ya kore ta daga birnin. Duk da haka, ɗan'uwanta ya zo wurinta da keke don ya sanar da ita inda za ta je don yin rahoto a ranar Litinin. [1] Dixon ya taimaka wa Brigid Foley wajen isar da kuɗi cikin aminci [2] amma da rudanin da ke cikin makon, a cikin 'yan kwanakin farko Dixon da waɗanda ke tare da ita ba su yi amfani da su sosai ba. A tsakiyar mako sun isa gari kuma a lokacin yaƙin sun isa Ofishin Wasiku na Janar (GPO). A gaskiya ma Dixon yana tare da Leslie Price . Sun yanke shawarar cewa za su sauka zuwa Titin O'Connell zuwa Ofishin Wasiku. An ba su ayyuka daban-daban da zarar sun isa. [3]

Da farko Dixon ta yi aiki da Louise Gavan Duffy a ɗakin girki a sama. A ranar Laraba aka aika ta a matsayin ma'aikaciya dauke da harsasai ga Father Mathew Hall da ke Church Street tare da Price. Sau da yawa ana aika su biyun tare da aika saƙonni tare.     Sauran ayyukan da aka sanya mata sun haɗa da kwafin umarni ga shugabanni daban-daban. Daga ƙarshe tare da babban ƙungiyar mata a cikin GPO an fitar da su daga ginin. Mata kaɗan ne kawai suka rage tare da mazan. Duk da cewa sojoji sun yi musu tambayoyi kuma ba su iya komawa gida ba har sai da yaƙin ya ƙare, ba a kama Dixon ko kuma a tsare shi ba. 

Dixon ya auri Bernard E. Fee, ƙwararren injiniyan zane a ranar 12 ga Agusta 1931. 

## Ƙarin karatu

## Manazarta
Kate Breen

**Kate Breen** (13 Disamba 1869 - 27 Disamba 1937) 'Yar fafutukar 'yan Republican ce kuma mai kishin ƙasa a Ireland .

## Tarihin Rayuwa

### Rayuwar farko
An haifi Kate Breen ga John Breen, jami'in Majalisar Birni ta Killarney, da Mary Scannell.  Tana da 'yan'uwa maza goma da kuma 'yan'uwa mata akalla biyu. 'Yan'uwanta uku sun zama firistoci, ɗaya ita ce Canon Breen, tsohon shugaban Kwalejin St Brendan, Killarney, wani kuma fitaccen ɗan jam'iyyar Republican, Rev. Joseph Breen, da kuma ɗaya limamin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya Rev Frank Breen. Ɗan'uwa na huɗu malami ne a Kwalejin St. Michael, Listowel yayin da 'yan'uwanta mata Agnes da Ellen malamai ne a gundumar Killarney.     

### Kishin ƙasa
Breen ta shiga cikin Tashin Ista na 1916 da kuma lokacin Yaƙin 'Yanci na Ireland . Ta kasance memba na Cumann na mBan da kuma shugabannin zartarwarta, tana wakiltar rassan Munster .    Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a gwagwarmayar 'yanci kuma an tsare ta a gidan yarin Cork. An kuma kama Breen a lokacin abubuwan da suka faru kafin zaɓen a 1918.  Breen tana ɗaya daga cikin matan da suka kaɗa ƙuri'ar kin amincewa da yarjejeniyoyin yarjejeniyar.  Bayan sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Anglo-Irish, ta ci gaba da yarda da ra'ayin cikakken Jamhuriya, kuma an tsare ta a Kilmainham Gaol a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa .   

### Rayuwa daga baya
Bayan yaƙin, Breen ta riƙe mukamai da dama a matsayin 'yar siyasa ta gida. A babban zaɓen watan Yunin 1927, Breen 'yar takara ce mai zaman kanta a mazabar Kerry, amma ta sami kashi 1.8% kacal na ƙuri'un farko, kuma ba ta sami kujera ba. [1] An zaɓe ta a matsayin Kansila a 1926 kuma ta riƙe kujerarta har zuwa 1937 a matsayin wani ɓangare na jam'iyyar Fianna Fáil, duk da cewa ta sauya gundumomi a lokuta da yawa. Breen ta kasance shugabar Kwamitin Taimako da Lafiya na Kerry da kuma a Kwamitin Farashi kuma memba na Kwamitin Noma na Kerry. Breen kuma ta kasance Mataimakiyar Shugabar Majalisar Manyan Kansiloli ta Gundumar. [2] [3] [4] [5] Breen ta mutu sakamakon bugun zuciya a ranar 27 ga Disamba 1937. [6]

## Manazarta
Sorcha MacMahon

**Sorcha MacMahon** (20 ga Yuli 1888 - 13 ga Disamba 1970) ɗan ƙasar Ireland ne kuma ɗan jam'iyyar Republican wanda ya kasance mai himma a lokacin tashin Ista na 1916 da kuma Yaƙin 'Yanci da Yaƙin Basasa na Ireland .

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haife ta Sarah Teresa MacMahon ga James da Sarah MacMahon na Coas, County Monaghan a shekarar 1888. Tana ɗaya daga cikin maza huɗu da mata uku. Ta yi amfani da sigar Irish na sunanta, Sorcha. Irish shine harshen farko na iyalin. Ta yi karatu a Makarantar Ƙasa ta Laggan da Makarantar St Louis a Monaghan. Bayan makaranta ta tafi Dublin ta yi kwas na kasuwanci. Daga nan ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da littattafai a Taggart's Garage. [1]

## Tashin Ista
A shekarar 1914, MacMahon ta kasance sakatariyar yankin reshen tsakiya kuma ta kasance sakatariya a ƙasa a shekarar 1916.   Ta kuma horar da sauran matan reshen a fannin taimakon gaggawa da aikin jinya da kuma ayyukan reshe masu alaƙa. Ta kasance a kwamitin zartarwa na Cumann na mBan daga 1915 zuwa 1919. Ta kasance mai shirya jana'izar O'Donovan Rossa, wani zanga-zanga da aka shirya lokacin da aka dawo da gawar Fenian daga Amurka don binnewa. Kafin tashin Ista, yawancin 'yan sa kai na Irish da membobin Cumann na mBan sun yi imanin cewa suna fita ne kawai don manyan ayyuka kuma 'yan kaɗan ne kawai suka san cewa za a yi tawaye da makami. MacMahon ya san da shirye-shiryen.  Kathleen Clarke ta zaɓi MacMahon a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin matan don isar da saƙonni a faɗin Ireland don jagorantar tashin Ista. Da zarar an fara tashin jirgin, MacMahon ta isar da umarnin tattara sojoji ga shugabannin sashen Cumann, sannan ta kuma kai bindigogi, dukkansu a ɓoye a cikin kwandon kekunanta. Ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai jigilar kaya a duk tsawon lokacin tashin jirgin, tana yawo tsakanin sansanonin sojoji, kamar Kotuna Huɗu, duk tsawon mako. An kiyasta ta yi tafiye-tafiye sama da 50 daga Ofishin Wasiku na Janar .   

## Bayan Tashin Hankali
Bayan tashin jirgin, ta taimaka wa Clarke da Asusun Masu Jin Daɗin Aikin Agaji na Irish, tana gudanar da shi lokacin da Clarke ta ɗauki hutu saboda ɓarin ciki, ta dage aurenta da Tom Rogers don yin hakan. Ta shiga cikin ayyukan da kuɗaɗen asusun     Sannan ta fara aiki kai tsaye ga Michael Collins . Bisa umarninsa ta yi murabus daga Cumann na mBan lokacin da yawancin membobinta suka kaɗa ƙuri'ar kin amincewa da sharuɗɗan Yarjejeniyar a watan Fabrairun 1922.  MacMahon ba ta goyi bayan kowane ɓangare a bainar jama'a ba a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Ireland . Ayyukanta na siyasa sun ƙare a ranar 6 ga Disamba 1921. Duk da haka ta ci gaba da aiki da Collins kuma tana riƙe masa takardu har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1922. Collins ya san cewa ayyukansa za su sanya mutanen da ke yi masa aiki cikin haɗari don haka ya damu. MacMahon ya yi aure kuma ya ƙaura lokacin da ta yi hakan wanda ya ƙara mata aminci.

## Manazarta
Barbara Retz

**Barbara Retz** (kimanin 1885 - 25 ga Mayu 1948), ta kasance memba ta farko a Cocin Yesu Kiristi na Waliyyan Ƙarshe da ke Dublin, kuma ɗaya daga cikin matan da aka kama a lokacin tashin Ista a Dublin 1916. 'Yan Nazi sun kuma kama ta.

## Rayuwa da iyali
An haife ta a kusan shekara ta 1885 a Stuttgart a matsayin Barbara "Babette" Böger, 'yar mai kiwon daji John Böger. Iyalinta sun ƙaura zuwa Dublin inda iyalin suka canza sunansu zuwa Baker. Sun kasance Lutheran kuma suna da sha'awar ƙungiyar Kiristocin Ƙarshe . An yi musu baftisma zuwa Cocin Yesu Kiristi na Waliyyan Ƙarshe ta hanyar masu wa'azi da aka aika daga Ingila kuma suka kafa reshen yankin.  Ta auri ɗan Jamus George Retz a shekara ta 1904 wanda ta haifi 'ya'ya 2 da shi.    Retz da mijinta ba su zama 'yan ƙasar Birtaniya ba lokacin da 'yan uwanta suka sami nasu a shekara ta 1908. Sakamakon haka, a farkon Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya a shekara ta 1914 an tsare George Retz a Isle of Man har zuwa shekara ta 1919. Retz yana da shagunan nama, ɗaya a kan titin South Circular da ɗaya a Rathmines. An sami wani lamari a ɗaya daga cikin kadarorin inda taron jama'a suka kai hari kan shagon a farkon yaƙin. Shagunan sun sami ambaton James Joyce a *Ulysses* .    

## Ƙungiyoyin fafutuka
Babu wasu bayanai da suka nuna yadda Retz ta kasance da alaƙa da tashin Ista, amma wataƙila ta kasance abokiyar Padraig Pearse . An kama ta aka ɗaure ta tare da sauran mata a Richmond Barracks a shekarar 1916 kuma aka sake ta a lokaci guda a ranar 8 ga Mayu. Ta ci gaba da kasancewa cikin sahun gaba a lokacin Yaƙin 'Yancin Kan Ireland ta hanyar shirya gidaje masu aminci da magani ga mutanen da ke guduwa. [1] [2] [3] [4]

Retz ta kan dawo Jamus lokaci-lokaci, kuma a shekarar 1938 an kama ta saboda rawar da ta taka a wani gangamin adawa da Nazi a Berlin . Godiya ga shiga tsakani da ofishin jakadancin Birtaniya ya yi, an sake ta bayan kwana 14.  

Ta rasu a birnin New York a watan Mayun 1948 a kan hanyarta ta ziyartar 'yan uwanta da suka yi hijira zuwa Amurka . An binne ta tare da iyalinta a California .   

## Manazarta
Aida Mbodj

**Aida Mbodj** 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Senegal, mataimakiya kuma ministar majalisar ministoci, haka kuma mataimakiyar shugaban majalisar dokokin ƙasar Senegal.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
A lokacin gwamnatin Macky Sall ta farko (daga ranar 21 ga watan Afrilu, 2014 zuwa ranar 23 ga watan Nuwamba, 2016), ta kasance Ministar Mata, Iyali da Ci gaban Jama'a. Ta kuma riƙe muƙamin majalisar ministoci a lokacin gwamnatin Macky Sall ta biyu (daga ranar 23 ga watan Nuwamba, 2016 zuwa ranar 19 ga watan Yuni, 2017), a wannan karon tare da babban muƙami na majalisar ministoci, a matsayin Ministar Mata, Iyali, Ci gaban Jama'a da kuma 'Yan Kasuwa na Mata.

Abin takaici ga magoya bayanta,  ba a ci gaba da riƙe ta a cikin gwamnatin Cheikh Hadjibou Soumaré ba, wanda ya naɗa Awa Ndiaye a matsayin shugaban a watan Yunin 2007.

Mbodj ta dawo siyasa a shekarar 2011, inda aka naɗa ta a cikin majalisar ministocin gwamnatin Shugaba Abdoulaye Wade a matsayin Ministar Jiha, Iyali da Ƙungiyoyin Mata. Ta kasance mai goyon bayan ƙoƙarin da Abdoulaye Wade ke yi na gyara Kundin Tsarin Mulki don ba da damar ci gaba da mulki na wani wa'adi.  An gudanar da manyan zanga-zanga da magoya baya da masu adawa da Wade suka shirya a lokacin bazara na shekarar 2011.

## Manazarta

## Duba kuma

### Labarai

* Senegal
* Mata a Senegal
Marie Sarr Mbodj

**Marie Sarr Mbodj** (an haife ta a ranar 28 ga watan Satumba, 1935 a Thiès, Senegal)  'yar siyasa ce ta Senegal. Ta kasance Sakatariyar Jiha ta Ministan Ilimi na Ƙasa mai kula da ilimin fasaha da sana'o'i daga ranar 3 ga watan Afrilu, 1983 zuwa ranar 2 ga watan Janairu, 1986, sannan ta zama Ministar Lafiyar Jama'a daga ranar 2 ga watan Janairu, 1986 zuwa ranar 5 ga  watan Afrilu,  1988 a ƙarƙashin shugabancin Abdou Diouf.  Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ministocin mata na farko na Senegal, kuma mace ta farko da ta zama Ministar Lafiyar Jama'a.

Mbodj ta halarci makarantar Filles de Thiès ta birni tsakanin shekarun 1943 da 1949.  Ta karanci lissafi da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam kuma ta yi jarrabawar *École normale*. Daga baya ta zama mai duba ilimin fasaha. A cewar wani rahoto na shekarar 1999, Mbodj ba ta taɓa shiga siyasa ba kafin ta shiga gwamnati a shekarar 1983.

## Manazarta

## Ƙarin karatu

*
Aminata Mbengue Ndiaye

**Aminata Mbengue Ndiaye** 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Senegal. A shekarar 2012, an naɗa ta Ministar Dabbobi da Noma a gwamnatin Firayim Minista Abdou Mbaye kuma daga shekarar 2014 a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Firayim Minista Mahammad Boun Abdallah Dionne har zuwa ranar 5 ga watan Afrilu 2019, lokacin da aka naɗa ta Ministar Kifi da Tattalin Arzikin Ruwa Ministan Harkokin Teku na Pêches et de l'Economie.  Haka kuma tana aiki a matsayin magajiyar garin Louga, kuma a halin yanzu ita ce shugabar ƙungiyar mata ta Jam'iyyar Socialist ta Senegal. A da, Ndiaye ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Mata, Yara da Iyali, da kuma Ministar Ci Gaban Jama'a da Haɗin Kan Ƙasa a ƙarƙashin shugabancin Abdou Diouf.

Ndiaye memba ce ta Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Tsakiya. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife ta ga El Hadj Ali Mbengue, ma'aikaciyar gwamnati, a Louga, Senegal. Ta halarci Lycée Ahmed Fall a Saint-Louis daga baya Lycée Kennedy kafin École normale d'enseignement technique da kuma École National d'économie appliqué. Ta taka leda a tawagar kwallon kwando ta ƙasar Senegal a gasar cin kofin Afirka ta biyu a Lagos, Nigeria a shekarar 1973. 

## Manazarta

## Littattafan tarihi

* "Aminata Mbengue Ndiaye", in *The HerStory Project: Volume 1*, edited by Anthonia Makwemoisa Amalion, Dakar, , 2011, shafi na 211–217.
* "Aminata Mbengue Ndiaye : La 'gardienne du temple' socialiste", in *Femmes au Sénégal*, *Les Cahiers de l'Alternance* (Dakar), Konrad Adenauer Foundation and Center d'études des sciences et techniques de l'information (CESTI), fitowa ta 10, Disamba 2006, shafi na 91. (a cikin Faransanci)
Maïmouna Sourang Ndir

**Maïmouna Sourang Ndir** (an haife ta a ranar 3 ga watan Oktoba 1952) 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Senegal wacce ta yi aiki a ma'aikatun gwamnati daban-daban, haka kuma ta kasance jakadiyar ƙasar Senegal a Faransa daga shekarun 2009 zuwa 2012.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Ndir a ranar 3 ga watan Oktoba, 1952 a Saint-Louis, Senegal.  Mahaifiyarta marubuciya ce Fatou Niang Siga. Ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Laval da ke Quebec a shekarar 1996.  

## Aiki
Ndir ta yi aiki a Ma'aikatar Ci Gaban Jama'a kafin a naɗa ta Minista a shekarar 2002 a gwamnatin Idrissa Seck ta farko.    Daga nan ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Ƙanana da Matsakaici da Ƙananan Kuɗi  da kuma Ministar Muhalli Mai Rai da Lafiyar Jama'a a ƙarƙashin Cheikh Hadjibou Soumare.  Ita memba ce a Jam'iyyar Democrat ta Senegal. 

A shekarar 2009, Shugaba Abdoulaye Wade ya naɗa Ndir jakadiyar Senegal a Faransa, Monaco da Andorra, wanda aka ɗauke shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan muƙamai a ƙasar.  Mace ta farko da ta riƙe wannan muƙamin, an soki naɗinta saboda rashin ƙwarewarta ta diflomasiyya.    Sabuwar gwamnati ta sake kiranta zuwa Dakar a watan Afrilun 2012, tare da wasu jakadun diflomasiyya da ba na aiki ba.   

## Lambobin yabo da girmamawa
An naɗa Ndir a matsayin Kwamandar Daraja na Senegal, Kwamandar Daraja na Saint-Charles na Monaco da kuma Babbar Jami'ar Daraja na Ƙasa na Faransa.  

## Manazarta
Arame Ndoye

**Arame Ndoye** 'yar siyasa ce 'yar ƙasar Senegal. Ta riƙe muƙamin Ministar Tsare-tsare da ƙananan Hukumomi a gwamnatin Mbaye.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Ndoye ta kammala karatun digiri a fannin kuɗi na École supérieure de gestion et de finitions a birnin Paris. Bayan ta samu gogewa a kamfanonin tantancewa da kamfanonin lissafin kuɗi a Senegal, ta ƙware a fannin rarraba iko da ci gaban gida kuma ta riƙe muƙamin mataimakiyar fasaha mai kula da kuɗi da haraji a shirye-shiryen ƙananan hukumomi don tallafawa rarraba iko da ci gaban gida, wanda Tarayyar Turai ke ɗaukar nauyinsa. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Mai Ba da Shawara kan Fasaha ga Ministan Raya Ƙananan Hukumomi na Senegal, mai alhakin daidaita ayyukan ci gaban gida da shirye-shirye, kafin a naɗa ta mai kula da ayyuka a Cibiyar Yaɗa Labarai ta Jama'a ta Amurka ta Senegal. An naɗa ta a matsayin Mai Ba da Shawara kan Fasaha mai kula da rarraba iko ga Shugaban Jamhuriyar Senegal, daga baya aka naɗa ta Ministar Tsare-tsare da Ƙananan Hukumomi.  A shekarar 2013, Ndoye ta auri ɗan siyasar Senegal, Serigne Mbaye Thiam. 

## Manazarta
Maïmouna Ndoye Seck

**Maimouna Ndoye Seck** (an haife ta a shekarar 1962 a Dakar ) 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Senegal. Ta kasance ɗaliba a makarantar Ecole Polytechnique ta Thiès, ta kasance Ministar Makamashi daga shekarun 2013 zuwa 2015 da kuma Ministar Yawon Buɗe Ido da Sufuri na Sama daga shekarun 2015 zuwa 2017, kafin ta zama Ministar Sufuri da Ci gaban Kayayyakin Filin Jirgin Sama a watan Satumba na shekarar 2017.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Seck a shekarar 1962 a Dakar kuma ta yi karatun Injiniyanci da Injiniyanci/Zane-zane na Injini  a *École Polytechnique de Thiès* daga shekarun 1982.  Ita ce mace ta farko da ta kammala karatunta daga wannan makarantar. Ta kuma sami digiri na biyu a fannin kula da makamashi da tattalin arziki.

Seck ita ce Babbar Sakatariya ta Musamman ta Ma'aikatar Makamashi, kuma mai ba da shawara kan gwamnati.  A shekarar 2013, ta shiga Gwamnatin Touré a matsayin Ministar Makamashi, kafin ta zama Ministar Makamashi da Ci Gaban Makamashi Mai Ɗorewa a Gwamnatin Dionne ta Farko a shekarar 2014.

Seck ta jagoranci Kwamitin Kula da Sashen Wutar Lantarki (CRSE) da nufin samar da wutar lantarki mai araha a farashi mai rahusa. 

Bayan sake fasalin majalisar ministocin 2015, Seck ta zama Ministar Yawon Buɗe Ido da Sufuri na Sama  da nufin sake tsara wani fanni da ke cikin mawuyacin hali musamman saboda wahalhalun da kamfanin jiragen saman Senegal ke fuskanta. 

## Manazarta
Ba Jin

**Li Yaotang** ( Chinese    ; 25 Nuwamba 1904 - 17 Oktoba 2005), wanda aka fi sani da sunansa **Ba Jin** ( Chinese    ) ko kuma sunansa mai ladabi **Li Feigan** ( Chinese    ), ɗan ƙasar Sin ne mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, mai fassara, kuma marubuci. Baya ga tasirinsa ga adabin ƙasar Sin, ya kuma rubuta ayyuka uku na asali a cikin Esperanto,  kuma a matsayinsa na mai fafutukar siyasa ya rubuta *The Family.*

## Sunan
An haife shi a matsayin Li Yaotang,  tare da wani suna Li Feigan ko Li Pei Kan (a cikin Wade-Giles).   Kalmar farko ta sunansa na alkawari na iya kasancewa daga Ba Embo, abokin karatunsa wanda ya kashe kansa a Paris, wanda ya yarda da shi da kansa,   ko kuma daga sashi na farko na sunan mahaifiyar dan Rasha Mikhail Bakunin;  [1] kuma halayensa na ƙarshe shine kwatankwacin Sinanci na sashi na ƙarshe na dan Rasha Peter Kropotkin (克鲁泡特金, Ke-lu-pao-te-jin).

A ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, 1904, an haifi Li Yaotang a Chengdu, lardin Sichuan, a cikin dangin Li masu arziki. Arzikin iyalin ya fito ne daga ƙasar da kakansa da mahaifinsa suka samu lokacin da suke jami'ai, kuma Li Yaotang wani lokacin ya bayyana iyalinsa a matsayin "gidan mai gida".   A cikin 1919, Ba ya karanta Kropotkin's An Appeal to the Young kuma ya tuba zuwa anarchism.

Ba Jin ya bar Chengdu don halartar makaranta a gabashin China a 1923, sannan ya yi tafiya zuwa Faransa don karatu a 1927. Wani bangare ne saboda gajiyar da Ba Jin ya fara rubuta littafinsa na farko, *Miewang*  ("Hlaka").  A Faransa, Ba Jin ya ci gaba da gwagwarmayarsa ta anarchist, yana fassara ayyukan anarchist da yawa, gami da Kropotkin's Ethics, zuwa Sinanci, wanda aka aika zuwa mujallu na anarchist na Shanghai don bugawa.

A lokacin Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu, an tsananta wa Ba Jin sosai a matsayin mai adawa da juyin juya hali. A cikin tarihinsa, Ba Jin ya kuma rubuta game da sa hannu a tsananta wa abokai da sanannun mutane. : 64 Ya nemi a kafa Gidan Tarihin Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu a 1981. Ba Jin ya bayyana cewa irin waɗannan gidajen tarihi na iya haɗawa da "abubuwa da ainihin abubuwa" da sake gina "al'amuran ban mamaki" na juyin juya halin al'adu don zana tashin hankali na lokacin a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙasar Sin. : 64 A ra'ayinsa, wucewa ga tunanin ƙarni na gaba na wannan "lokacin bala'i" zai taimaka wajen kauce wa maimaita tarihin kansa. :: 319  Ba Jin bai yi ƙoƙari ya aiwatar da shawararsa don gidan kayan gargajiya na juyin juya halin al'adu ba.

## Manazarta
Pamela Charlette

**Pamela Charlette** 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Seychelles wacce ke aiki a matsayin Ministar Harkokin Jama'a, Iyali da Daidaito tun daga ranar 6 ga watan Nuwamba, 2025.
 

A baya Charlette ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Harkokin Mazauna, Filaye, Kayayyakin more rayuwa, da Sufuri na Ƙasa tsakanin ranar 27 ga watan Afrilu 2018  da ranar 3 ga watan Nuwamba 2020  da Ministar Kamun Kifi da Noma daga ranar 7 ga watan Yuli 2017 zuwa ranar 27 ga watan Afrilu 2018   bayan ta zama babbar sakatariya na Ci gaban Kasuwanci da Kirkire-kirkire na Kasuwanci.  

## Manazarta
Chai Zemin

**Chai Zemin** (Sinanci: 柴泽民; : ; : ; Oktoba 1916 - Yuni 7, 2010 ) ya kasance jami'in diflomasiyya kasar Sin, kuma Jakadan farko na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin a Amurka bayan daidaitawa Dangantakar Sin da Amurka a shekara ta 1979. 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Chai Zemin a watan Oktoba 1916 a cikin iyali na yau da kullun a Wenxi, Shanxi . Bayan ya kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare, ya zama mai aiki a siyasa kuma ya shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta kasar Sin.

Ayyukan Chai a matsayin diflomasiyya ya fara ne a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1960 lokacin da ya shiga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta kasar Sin. An nada shi jakadan kasar Sin a Hungary a 1961, a Guinea a 1964, da kuma Masar a 1970. 

A shekara ta 1975, kasar Sin da Thailand sun kafa dangantakar diflomasiyya, kuma Chai ya zama jakadan kasar Sin na farko a Thailand. A lokacin wa'adinsa na shekaru biyu da rabi a Thailand, ya sami Babban Zabe biyu, *juyin mulki* uku, Firayim Ministoci daban-daban guda hudu da gwamnatoci daban-ара biyar a kasar. Ya kasance babban kalubale a gare shi ya yi aiki a cikin irin wannan yanayi mai rikitarwa, kuma Sarkin Thailand ya ba shi lambar yabo ta White Elephant saboda nasarorin diflomasiyya.

A lokacin rani na shekara ta 1978, kasar Sin da Amurka sun fara Tattaunawa kan daidaita dangantakar da ke tsakanin kasashen biyu, kuma Chai Zemin ya dauki matsayin darektan a Ofishin Hulɗa na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin (PRCLO) a Washington, DC, kuma ya shiga cikin tattaunawar. An amince a ƙarshen 1978 cewa China da Amurka za su kafa dangantaka a hukumance a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1979, kuma su kafa ofisoshin jakadancin da kuma nada jakadun kasar juna. Chai ta haka ne ya zama jakadan kasar Sin na farko a Amurka shekaru talatin bayan kafa Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin.

A cikin fall of 1981, Jami'ar Jihar Michigan ta ba da digiri na girmamawa na Doctor of Laws a kan Chai saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga dangantakar Sin da Amurka.

A shekara ta 1983, Chai Zeming ya bar mukamin jakadansa kuma ya ɗauki matsayin mataimakin darektan Kungiyar Harkokin Waje ta kasar Sin, kuma tun daga lokacin ya kasance memba na Taron Shawarar Siyasa na Jama'ar kasar Sin na wa'adi uku.

## Manazarta