Martha Mvungi

Martha Mlagala Mvungi (an haife ta Martha V. Mlagala; 19 ga Janairun 1943 - 24 ga Yuni 2017) marubuciya ce ta Tanzaniya, marubuciyar gajeren labari, masanin kimiyya da malami. Ta rubuta a cikin Kiswahili da Ingilishi.

## Rayuwa
 
An haifi Martha V. Mlagala a Kidugala, Njombe, a cikin yankin Tanganyika a lokacin. Ita ce ɗa na biyu ga Jeremiah Mlagala, fasto, da Dzitumulike Mhehwa. Memba ce ta mutanen Bena, ta sami karatun farko a cikin Hehe . Wannan ya hada da lokacin makarantar firamare ta Ilula da kuma Tabora Girls, wanda ya ƙare a 1961. [1] [1]

Mvungi ya ci gaba da zuwa kwalejin horar da malamai sannan ya tafi Jami'ar Edinburgh . Ta sauke karatu a 1968 kuma ta koma Tanzaniya. A 1972, ta yi aure, kuma a 1974 ta kammala digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Dar es Salaam . Ta sanya mata lakabi *da manufofinta na Harshe a Makarantun Firamare na Tanzaniya tare da Ba da muhimmanci ga Aiwatar.* Bincikenta ya nuna mahimmancin harshe a cikin haɓakar fahimta da haɓaka tunanin yara.  

A matsayinta na mamba a Sashen Ilimi na Jami'ar Dar es Salaam, Mvungi ta kai matsayin babban malami a shekarar 1982. A wannan shekarar ta kammala karatun digirin digirgir, *Dangantakar da ke Tsakanin Kwarewa a Tsakanin Koyarwa da Wasu Darussan Sakandare a Tanzaniya* . Wannan ya ci gaba da jigon da aka bincika a cikin aikinta na farko. Musamman, ya nuna dangantakar da ke tsakanin ƙwarewa a cikin harshen koyarwa da aikin ilimi. 
 
Daga nan Mvungi ta shiga Hukumar UNESCO ta kasa a matsayin Sakatare Janar a 1982. A 1990, an nada ta Sakatariyar Dindindin a Ma'aikatar Lafiya . Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin darektan Asusun Horo da Matan Tanzaniya. A cikin 1995, ta kafa ESACS Academy, makarantar sakandare ta duniya a Dar es Salaam. Ta gudanar da makarantar har zuwa 2015.  

Martha Mvungi ta mutu a ranar 24 ga Yuni 2017. 

## Rubutu
Rubutun farko da Mvungi ta buga ya bayyana a shekarar 1970 a karkashin sunan budurwarta Martha V. Mlagala. 'Shin wani ruɗi ne?' wanda aka bayyana a cikin *Darlite*, mujallar adabin ɗalibai da ke Sashen Adabi, Jami'ar Gabashin Afirka . Labari ne game da wata budurwa da ta bar makarantarta a Njombe don bin masoyinta zuwa Dar es Salaam . Amma sau ɗaya a cikin birni, masoyinta ya watsar da ita, kuma tana ƙoƙarin komawa gida. An tilasta mata ta dogara da direban motar mai da ke kan hanyar Tanzan don isa gida, ta sami kanta cikin rauni da firgita.  

Rubutun ɗalibarta ta ci gaba da tarihin Lulapangilo Zakaria Mhemedzi, mazaunin ƙauyenta na Kidugala wanda ta yi hira da shi a 1970. John Iliffe ya haɗa da wannan a cikin tarin tarihin rayuwar Tanzaniya. 

Ta ci gaba da buga littattafai shida tsakanin 1975 zuwa 2003, a cikin Kiswahili da Turanci. Sauran littattafai guda biyu, *The Voice* and *Writing Off a Debt in Ngorongoro Crater*, ba a taɓa buga su ba.  Har ila yau, aikinta ya fito a cikin litattafan tarihi da yawa. Wannan ya haɗa *da Zaren kwancewa: Rubutun Mata a Afirka* da *Littafin Heinemann na Rubutun Matan Afirka* . 
 
Heinemann ya buga littafin Mvungi na farko, kuma kawai, cikin Ingilishi a cikin 1975. An sake shi azaman lamba 159 a cikin jerin Marubuta na Afirka, *Dutsen Dutse uku* tarin tatsuniyoyi. Mvungi ita ce marubuciyar Tanzaniya ta biyu da ta fito a cikin jerin, bayan Peter Palangyo, kuma mace ta farko 'yar Tanzaniya. James Currey, da jerin editan, yana da ajiyar zuciya game da hada da wallafe-wallafen baka, kuma ya ji cewa *Duwatsu masu ƙarfi uku* ba su da sha'awa. 

A cikin wannan shekarar, Mvungi ya buga *Hana Hatia*, wani labarin bincike da aka tsara don kwatanta rikicin iyali a cikin al'ummar Afirka ta zamani. A cikin littafinta, Mvungi ya ba da labarin Petro, wanda ya bar matarsa mai sadaukarwa, Mariya, ta zama farka. Mariya, ta kasa samun abin dogaro da kanta a cikin birni, ta koma gida wani ƙauyen Ujamaa . Anan ta sami gamsuwa a matsayin malamar makaranta.  

Daga nan Mvungi ya koma ga adabin yara tare da *Yasin Dilemma* (1985) da *Yasin in Matsala* (1990). Littafinta na ƙarshe, *Lwidiko* (2003), ya soki cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al'ummar Tanzaniya ta zamani. 

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## Manazarta