open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Samantha Eggar

**Victoria Louise Samantha Marie Elizabeth Therese Eggar** (5 Maris 1939 - 15 Oktoba 2025) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Ingila. Bayan ta fara aikinta a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Shakespearean ta zama sananniya saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin William Wyler mai ban tsoro The Collector (1965), wanda ya ba ta lambar yabo ta Golden Globe, lambar yabo ta Cannes Film Festival da kuma Kyautar Kwalejin don 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau.

Eggar daga baya ta bayyana a matsayin Emma Fairfax a cikin Doctor Dolittle (1967) da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka The Molly Maguires (1970). A Yaron shekarun 1970s Eggar ta koma Amurka da Kanada, inda daga baya ta fito a fina-finai masu ban tsoro da yawa, ciki har da The Dead Are Alive (1972), The Uncanny (1977) da kuma David Cronenberg's cult thriller The Brood (1979). [1]

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Samantha Eggar Victoria Louise Samantha Marie Elizabeth Therese Eggar  a ranar 5 ga Maris 1939,   a Hampstead, London, ga Ralph Alfred James Eggar, Brigadier a cikin Sojojin Burtaniya, da Muriel Olga Palache-Boumam, wanda ya fito ne daga Dutch da Portuguese.    Eggar kuma tana da kakannin Irish ta hanyar kakarta. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haihuwarta, iyalinta suka koma ƙauyen Bledlow, Buckinghamshire, a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II, inda ta yi yarinta.

An haifi Eggar a matsayin Roman Katolika kuma ta yi karatu a St Mary's Providence Convent a Woking, Surrey . Da yake tunani game da lokacin da take makarantar mabiya, Eggar ta ce: "Mazauna ba su da nasara sosai tare da ni - koyaushe ina da fushin tashin hankali. A zahiri, da zarar na kusan kashe ɗaya daga cikin ma'aikatan. "  A lokacin da take da shekaru 16 ta fara tafiya da sunan Samantha .  Kodayake Eggar ta nuna sha'awar yin wasan kwaikwayo tun tana ƙarama, iyayenta sun bukaci ta da yin aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo. An ba ta tallafin karatu a Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, amma a maimakon haka ta yi karatun zamani na shekaru biyu a Thanet School of Art .  Bayan kammala karatunta ta shiga makarantar Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art a London.&nbsp;

## Mutuwa
Eggar ta zauna a Los Angeles,  inda ta mutu a gidanta a Sherman Oaks, a ranar 15 ga Oktoba 2025 daga cutar sankarar jini, tana da shekaru 86   A cewar 'yarta, an gano Eggar da wannan cuta shekaru 22 da suka gabata.

### MANAZARTA
James Hutchinson (mai kiɗa)

**James "Hutch" Hutchinson** (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1953) dan wasan Amurka ne wanda aka fi sani da aikinsa tare da Bonnie Raitt . Kodayake aikinsa yana ɗaukar shi kusan ko'ina yana zaune a Studio City, Los Angeles, California, da Haiku-Pauwela, Hawaii.

Hutchinson ya yi aiki a kan daruruwan rikodin, fina-finai da shirye-shiryen talabijin kuma tare da masu fasaha daban-daban kamar Willie Nelson, Joe Cocker, Ryan Adams, Jackson Browne, Ruth Brown, Charles Brown, Al Green, B. B. King, Earl King, The Neville Brothers, The Doobie Brothers, Ringo Starr, Ziggy Marley, Ozzy Osbourne da sauransu da yawa.

## Ayyuka

### Shekaru na farko
Hutchinson ya halarci wasu azuzuwan a Kwalejin Kiɗa ta Berklee a ƙarshen shekarun 1960. Kullum yana da alaƙa da kiɗa kuma yana yin kayan kida daban-daban tun yana yaro. Bayan ya ga ƙungiyar Wilson Pickett, yana da shekaru 12, ya mai da hankali kan bass. Ƙwarewarsa da motsawarsa sun ba shi damar yin wasa a cikin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na New England a duk makarantar sakandare.

Tare da albarkar mahaifiyarsa, ya koma San Francisco bayan kammala makarantar sakandare. Daga ƙarshe ya sadu da John Cipollina (na Quicksilver Messenger Service) da Mickey Hart (na Grateful Dead). Hutchinson ya shiga ƙungiyar Cipollina, Copperhead . Ya rubuta kundi tare da su a 1973 a kan Columbia Records . Daga baya, ya taka leda a cikin ƙungiyar Link Wray tare da dan wasan Copperhead, David Weber, kuma ya yi tare da Wray da Cipollina.

### Ci gaba
Yayinda yake zaune a Guatemala, Hutchinson ya yi aiki a cikin ɗakunan karatu na Amurka ta tsakiya. Shi da violinist Sid Page sun kafa ƙungiyar jazz fusion ta Latin da ake kira The Point . Bayan ya kawo ƙungiyar zuwa Austin, Texas, za su lashe Jazz Group of the year a Austin Music Awards a shekarar 1977. 

A halin yanzu, a Austin a 1975, wani aboki na juna ne ya gabatar da shi ga The Meters. Daga baya ya sami kira daga Charles da Art Neville game da wasa tare da sabon ƙungiyar su. Daga nan sai ya koma New Orleans kuma ya shiga The Neville Brothers Band . Yayinda yake wasa tare da Neville Brothers a kan Rolling Stones' Tattoo You yawon shakatawa (1981), ya fara abota da tsohon mai ba da keyboard na Faces Ian McLagan (wanda ke wasa tare da The Rolling Stones) wanda jim kadan bayan haka ya gabatar da shi ga Bonnie Raitt a New Orleans a 1982. Ya koma Los Angeles a shekara ta 1983 kuma ya shiga ƙungiyar ta bayan bassist din da ta gabata ta bar kwanaki kafin yawon shakatawa. Ya kasance yana wasa da yin rikodi tare da ita tun daga lokacin, yana ba da gudummawa ga kowane rikodin ta tun lokacin Nine Lives .  

A shekara ta 1992, yayin da yake aiki a cikin ɗakin karatu tare da Bryan Adams a Paris, mai gabatarwa Don Was da Mick Jagger sun gayyaci Hutchinson zuwa gonar Ron Wood da ɗakin karatu a County Kildare, Ireland, don yin wasa da aiki a kan demos don rikodin Voodoo Lounge wanda ya yi kamar yadda aka ruwaito a cikin *New York Post*.

## manazarta
Alasdair Houston

**Alasdair Iain Houston** masanin ilimin juyin halitta ne na Ingilishi kuma masanin ilimin muhalli wanda aka sani da aikinsa a cikin ilimin muhallu. Shi Farfesa ne Emeritus a Makarantar Kimiyya ta Biological a Jami'ar Bristol .  An zabe shi dan kungiyar Royal Society a shekarar 2012.

## Manazarta
Arline Usden

**Arline Usden** (14 Oktoba 1937 - 3 Agusta 2013) 'yar jarida ce 'yar Birtaniya. Ta tashi ta zama editan jaridar *The Lady.*

## Rayuwa
An haifi Usden a Crumpsall da ke Manchester a shekarar 1937. Ta koyi rubutu lokacin da ta bar Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Manchester tana da shekaru 16. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto a jaridu a arewacin Ingila har sai da ta koma Landan a shekarar 1960. 

A shekarar 1991 ta zama editan mujallar The Lady . Wannan mujalla ce mai muhimmanci da aka buga tun 1885 kuma an san ta da wuri inda mutane za su iya tallata ma'aikatan cikin gida - a zahiri tallace-tallacen sun bayyana a farkon mujallar. Iyalan Bowles ne suka mallaki The Lady kuma Thomas Bowles ne ke gudanar da ita kuma ya zauna a ofisoshinsu. A hankali Usden ya gabatar da sauyi amma Thomas Usden ya ƙi amincewa.

A watan Nuwamba na 2008, jikan Bowles, Ben Budworth, ya zama mawallafin *The Lady* a madadin masu gidan. Ya gabatar da sauye-sauye da yawa da Usden  ya gabatar kuma ya karu daga 27,000 zuwa 57,000 bayan sake ƙaddamar da shi a 2009.  Daga baya Budworth ta naɗa Rachel Johnson a matsayin edita na tara na mujallar a watan Satumba na 2009  wadda ta karɓi ragamar mulki daga Usden wanda ya zama edita a baki ɗaya.  Wani shirin talabijin na Channel 4, *The Lady da Revamp* sun bi Johnson a ƙoƙarinta na ƙara yaɗa labarai. 

Usden ya mutu a Landan a shekarar 2013. 

## Manazarta
Ace Frehley

Paul Daniel "**Ace**" **Frehley** (/ˈfreɪli/, FRAY-lee; Afrilu 27, 1951 - Oktoba 16, 2025) ya kasance mawaƙi ne na Amurka wanda ya kasance mai ba da guitar na asali, mai ba da murya na lokaci-lokaci, kuma memba ne na kafa ƙungiyar rock Kiss . Ya kirkiro mutum na Spaceman (a.k.a. **Space Ace**) kuma da farko ya taka leda tare da kungiyar daga farkonta a 1973 har zuwa lokacin da ya tashi a 1982, kafin daga baya ya sake komawa a 1996 har zuwa lokacinsa na karshe a 2002.

Bayan barin Kiss a 1982, Frehley ya kafa ƙungiyarsa, Frehley's Comet, kuma ya fitar da kundi biyu tare da ƙungiyar. Daga baya ya fara aiki a matsayin mai zaman kansa, wanda aka dakatar da shi lokacin da ya koma Kiss a 1996 don yawon shakatawa. Lokaci na biyu na Frehley tare da Kiss ya kasance har zuwa 2002, lokacin da ya bar a ƙarshen abin da aka yi niyyar zama yawon shakatawa na band din. Frehley ta solo saki sun yi nasara a kasuwanci, tare da kundi na farko na studio na 1978 wanda ya sami matsayi na platinum.[1] An saki kundi na studio na baya-bayan nan, 10,000 Volts, a cikin 2024. Frehley ya mutu a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2025 bayan matsaloli daga faduwa a gidansa.

## Rayuwa ta farko, iyali da ilimi
An haifi Paul Daniel Frehley a ranar 27 ga Afrilu, 1951, a cikin Bronx, Birnin New York,  ƙarami cikin 'ya'ya uku na Esther Anna (Hecht) da Carl Daniel 'Friebely' Frehley, injiniyan lantarki.  Mahaifinsa, ɗan baƙi na Dutch, ya fito ne daga Pennsylvania. Mahaifiyarsa ta fito ne daga Arewacin Carolina kuma ta fito ne na Jamusanci da Cherokee.

Frehleys iyali ne na kiɗa,  kuma lokacin da ya karɓi guitar na lantarki a matsayin kyautar Kirsimeti a shekara ta 1964, Paul ya nutse kansa Wanene koyon kayan aiki. "Ban taɓa zuwa makarantar kiɗa ba; Ban taɓa ɗaukar darasi na guitar ba, amma kowa da kowa a cikin iyalina suna wasa da kayan kida. Mahaifiyata da mahaifina duka suna wasa da piano, mahaifinsa shi ne mai kula da coci, kuma ɗan'uwana da 'yar'uwa dukansu suna wasa da piyano da guitar. "Ko da yaushe ana kewaye da shi da kiɗa, kuma ya fara wasa da guitar yana da shekaru 13. Jimi Hendrix, Albert Lee, Buddy Guy, Jeff Beck, B. B. King, Led Zeppelin, Rolling Stones da The Who sune manyan tasirinsa.

### MANAZARTA
Caleb Timu

**Caleb Timu** (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu 1994) ɗan wasan ƙwallon rugby ne ɗan asalin ƙasar New Zealand kuma ɗan asalin ƙasar Samoa  wanda ya buga wa ƙungiyar rugby ta Queensland Reds a gasar Super Rugby da kuma Montpellier Herault Rugby, Union Bordeaux Begles, ASM Clermont Auvergne Top 14.  Matsayinsa na zaɓe shine a baya/ gaba mai sauƙi.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Timu a Auckland, New Zealand, amma iyalansa sun yi ƙaura zuwa Ostiraliya lokacin yana ɗan shekara biyar. Timu ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Marsden State sannan daga baya ya halarci Kwalejin St Joseph's Nudgee, inda ya kasance cikin ƙungiyar Queensland da ta lashe Gasar Makarantun Ostiraliya a 2011. An zaɓe shi cikin ƙungiyar Makarantun Ostiraliya a wannan shekarar.

## Sana'a

### Gasar Rugby
Timu ya fara aikinsa na wasan rugby league tare da Goodna Eagles a gasar Ipswich. Ya fara aikinsa na ƙwararru yana buga wasan rugby league tare da Brisbane Broncos a gasar Rugby ta ƙasa ta Australiya. Ya kasance second-row a ƙungiyar Broncos 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 a gasar Holden Cups ta 2012 da 2013. An sanya shi a cikin ƙungiyar Holden Cup ta 2012 ta shekara kuma ya wakilci ƙungiyar Queensland 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 a 2012 da 2013.

Bayan ya yi aiki na tsawon shekaru biyu a matsayin mai wa'azi na Cocin Yesu Kiristi na Waliyyai na Ƙarshe  a New Zealand da Tsibirin Cook   Timu ya koma Broncos. Ya buga wa Souths Logan Magpies wasa a gasar Queensland Cup da kuma Broncos a gasar NRL ta 2016 Auckland Nines.

### Ƙungiyar ƙwallon rugby
Timu ya sanya hannu da Reds a shekarar 2016 kuma a kakar wasa ta 2018 yana ƙarƙashin kulawar tsohon ɗan wasan All Blacks da Kangaroos Brad Thorn.  Timu ya kuma lashe kyautar Ɗan wasa na Shekara saboda gudummawar da ya bayar wajen lashe gasar National Rugby Championship ta Jami'ar Bond a shekarar 2017.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Timu ya auri Pamera Paasi  kuma ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya uku.

## Manazarta
Muhammad Abdul Mazid

**Muhammad Abdul Mazid** tsohon sakatare ne kuma tsohon shugaban Hukumar tara Haraji ta Ƙasa.  Tsohon shugaban Kasuwar Hannayen Jari ta Chittagong ne. Shi ne babban mai kula da harkokin ƙungiyar masu fama da ciwon sukari ta Bangladesh. 

An haifi Mazid a ranar 12 ga watan Yuli, shekarar 1953 a Gundumar Shatkhira, Gabashin Bengal, ƙasar Pakistan.  Ya yi karatun digirinsa na farko da na biyu a fannin adabin Turanci a Jami'ar Dhaka.   Ya kammala karatunsa na PhD a fannin kimiyyar zamantakewa. 

## Sana'a
Daga shekarar 1974 zuwa 1980, Mazid ya yi aiki a Bankin Bangladesh. 

Mazid ya shiga aikin gwamnati a Bangladesh a shekarar 1981 a matsayin ma'aikacin binciken kuɗi da asusun kuɗi. 

Daga shekarar 1994 zuwa 2000, Mazid ya kasance mai ba da shawara kan harkokin kasuwanci a Ofishin Jakadancin Bangladesh da ke Japan. 

A ranar 22 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 2007, an naɗa Mazid a matsayin shugaban Hukumar tara Haraji ta Ƙasa, wanda ya maye gurbin Badiur Rahman.  Rahman ya yi murabus daga aikin gwamnati bayan an mayar da shi Ma'aikatar Abinci da Gudanar da Ibtila'i kafin wa'adin aikinsa ya ƙare. 

Mazid ya yi aiki har zuwa ranar 8 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta 2009 a matsayin shugaban Hukumar tara Haraji ta Ƙasa kuma Nasiruddin Ahmed ya maye gurbinsa.  An naɗa shi jami'i mai aiki na musamman a Ma'aikatar Gudanarwa ta Jama'a. 

Mazid ya shiga ƙungiyar masu ciwon sikari ta Bangladesh a matsayin babban mai kula da kasuwar hannayen jari ta Bangladesh a watan Disamba na shekarar 2010.  A watan Fabrairu na shekarar 2014, an zaɓe shi shugaban kasuwar hannayen jari ta Chittagong.  Hukumar Tsaro da Musayar Kuɗi ta Bangladesh ta naɗa shi darektan kasuwar hannayen jari.  Ya ƙaddamar da sabuwar tambarin kasuwar hannayen jari. 

Mazid darakta a Cibiyar Nazarin hanyoyin Mulki.  An naɗa shi a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta ƙasa da ƙasa na Bangladesh a shekarar 2023.  Shi mai ba da shawara ne a kamfanin AK Khan &amp;amp; Company . 

## Manazarta
Unzela Khan

**Unzela Khan** 'yar jarida ce 'yar Birtaniya kuma tsohuwar mai gabatar da labarai. Ita ce kuma marubucin littafin yara mai *suna Pakistan, I'll Be Back* .    Unzela ta sami kyautar British Muslim Awards ta 2022 a cikin rukunin Nasarar Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai na Shekara.  

## Sana'a
A shekarar 2018, Unzela ta yi aiki a matsayin mai gabatar da labarai a Karachi, Pakistan, ga tsohuwar tashar watsa shirye-shirye ta harshen Ingilishi ta Tribune 24/7. Ta dauki nauyin shirin siyasa *na Beyond the News* .   

Unzela tana aiki a HuffPost UK a matsayin editan iyayensu.    

## Manazarta
John Henni

**John Martin Henni** (15 ga Yuni, 1805 - 7 ga Satumba, 1881) ya kasance prelate na Katolika na Switzerland wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Archbishop na farko na Milwaukee daga 1843 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1881.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi John Henni a ranar 15 ga Yuni, 1805, a ƙauyen Misanenga, garin Obersaxen, a cikin canton na Graubünden a Switzerland. Ya sami ilimin farko a St. Gallen da Lucerne . Switzerland. Bayan Henni ya yanke shawarar zama firist, bishop dinsa ya tura shi don nazarin falsafar da tauhidin a Roma a 1824.

A wannan lokacin, an tilasta wa mafi yawan bishops a Amurka su yi tafiya zuwa Turai don neman firistoci na gaba don Ikklisiyoyin su. Yayinda Henni yake a Roma, Bishop Edward Fenwick ya ɗauke shi don kammala karatunsa na seminary a Amurka kuma a naɗa shi ga Diocese na Cincinnati . Tun da yake diocese dinsa ya ƙunshi baƙi da yawa masu magana da Jamusanci, Fenwick yana buƙatar firist wanda ya iya wannan yaren. Bayan ya isa Baltimore, Maryland, a 1829, Henni ya yi tafiya zuwa Bardstown, Kentucky, don kammala karatunsa a Saint Thomas Seminary . 

### Firist
An naɗa Henni a matsayin firist na Diocese na Cincinnati ta Fenwick a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 1829.  Bayan da aka naɗa shi, diocese ya sanya Henni ga ma'aikatan fastocin St. Peter Parish a Cincinnati, Ikklisiya ga baƙi na Jamus. An kuma sanya masa suna zuwa bangaren Athenaeum, kwalejin Jesuit a Cincinnati, don koyar da falsafar ga masu karatun sakandare.

Diocese a cikin 1830 ya sauya Henni zuwa Canton, Ohio, don aiki a matsayin fasto na Ikklisiyar St. John, tare da majami'u da yawa a yankin. An kira shi zuwa Cincinnati A cikin 1834 don ya zama fasto na Ikilisiyar Triniti Mai Tsarki, wani Ikklisiya na Jamus. A wannan shekarar, John Purcell, sabon bishop a Cincinnati, ya kira Henni a matsayin Vicar janar na diocese.

Henni ya koma Turai don ziyara a 1836. Yayinda yake a lokacin, ya wallafa wani labarin aikin mishan a Ohio tare da fatan karfafa wasu masu karatun seminari su je can. Bayan ya koma Cincinnati, Henni ya kafa *Wahrheits-Freund* a 1837, jaridar Katolika ta Jamus ta farko a Amurka. Ya yi aiki a matsayin edita har zuwa 1843.

Henni ya kuma shirya kungiyar taimakon marayu ta St. Aloysius a sashin Bond Hill na Cincinnati .  A watan Mayu na shekara ta 1843, ya bi Purcell zuwa Baltimore don zuwa Majalisar lardin Baltimore ta biyar, taron dukkan bishops a Amurka. A taron, ya ba da shawarar kafa makarantar sakandare don shirya firistoci don yin hidima ga yawancin baƙi na Jamus a Amurka. Koyaya, bishops ba su yi aiki a kan shawararsa ba.

## manazarta
Yang Chen-Ning

**Yang Chen-Ning** (simplified Chinese: 杨振宁; traditional Chinese: 楊振寧; pinyin: Yáng Zhènníng; 1&nbsp;October 1922&nbsp;– 18&nbsp;October 2025; also known as **C. N. Yang**, **Yang Zhenning**, or **Franklin Yang**) was a Chinese-American theoretical physicist who made significant contributions to statistical mechanics, integrable systems, gauge theory, particle physics and condensed matter physics.

An san Yang da haɗin gwiwar da ya yi da Robert Mills a cikin 1954 a cikin haɓaka ka'idar ma'auni wanda ba abelian ba, wanda aka fi sani da Ka'idar Yang-Mills, wanda ke bayyana ƙarfin nukiliya a cikin Standard Model of particle physics.

Yang da Tsung-Dao Lee sun sami lambar yabo ta Nobel ta 1957 a fannin kimiyyar lissafi [1] saboda aikin da suka yi a kan daidaito ba tare da kiyayewa ba game da mu'amala mai rauni, wanda Gwajin Wu ya tabbatar a shekarar 1956. Su biyu sun ba da shawarar cewa kiyaye daidaito, dokar zahiri da aka lura don riƙewa a duk sauran matakai na zahiri, an keta ta a cikin halayen nukiliya marasa ƙarfi - waɗancan matakai na nukiliya waɗanda ke haifar da fitar da ƙwayoyin beta ko alpha.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Yang a Hefei, Anhui, China, a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1922.  Mahaifiyarsa Luo Meng-hua ce kuma mahaifinsa,  masanin lissafi ne.

Yang ya halarci makarantar firamare da makarantar sakandare a Beijing, kuma a cikin kaka na 1937 iyalinsa suka koma Hefei bayan da Jafananci suka mamaye China. A cikin 1938 sun koma Kunming,  Yunnan, inda Jami'ar Kudancin Yamma ta Kasa take. A cikin wannan shekarar, a matsayin dalibi na shekara ta biyu, Yang ya wuce jarrabawar shiga kuma ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Kudancin Yammacin Kasa. Ya sami digiri na farko na Kimiyya a shekarar 1942,  tare da rubutunsa game da aikace-aikacen ka'idar rukuni ga ƙwayoyin halitta, a ƙarƙashin kulawar Ta-You Wu. 

## Rayuwa da mutuwarsa
Yang married Tu Chih-li (simplified Chinese: 杜致礼; traditional Chinese: 杜致禮; pinyin: Dù Zhìlǐ), a teacher, in 1950; they had two sons and a daughter together. His father-in-law was the Kuomintang general Du Yuming. Tu died in October 2003. In January 2005, Yang married Weng Fan (Chinese: 翁帆; pinyin: Wēng Fān), a university student. They met in 1995 at a physics seminar; the couple reestablished contact in February 2004. Yang called Weng, who was 54 years his junior, his "final blessing from God".

### MANAZARTA
Donald Hardie

Brigadier **Donald David Graeme Hardie** CVO TD KStJ (an haife shi a ranar 23 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1936) ɗan kasuwa ne na Scotland kuma jami'in Sojojin Yankin da ya yi ritaya. Ya kasance Lord Lieutenant na Dunbartonshire daga 1990 zuwa 2007. Har ila yau, mataimakin shugaban girmamawa ne na Lennox da Argyll Battalion na Boys' Brigade, kuma shi ne mai kula da Dumbarton Castle . 

An nada Hardie Kwamandan Royal Victorian Order (CVO) a shekara ta 2008. 

## Manazarta
Eduardo Ermita

**Eduardo Ramos Ermita** (Yuli 13, 1935 - Oktoba 18, 2025) ya kasance jami'in soja kuma ɗan siyasa na Philippines, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Ma'aikatan Sojojin Philippines daga 1986 zuwa 1988, Babban Sakataren Philippines daga 2004 zuwa 2010, mai magana da yawun Shugaba Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, kuma memba na Majalisar Wakilai wanda ke wakiltar gundumar 1 ta Batangas daga 1992 zuwa 2001.

## Rayuwa ta far kiko da ilimi
An haifi Eduardo Ramos Ermita a ranar 13 ga Yuli, 1935. [1] A lokacin yarinta, Ermita ya zauna a garuruwan Balayan da Nasugbu, Batangas kuma ya tsira daga mamayar Japan a Philippines a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu [2]

Ermita ta kammala karatu a Kwalejin Sojan Philippine a shekara ta 1957, kuma daya daga cikin abokan aikinsa shine tsohon shugaban ma'aikatan AFP René de Villa . 

## Ayyukan soja
Ermita ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban Ma'aikatan Sojojin Philippines a lokacin jerin yunkurin juyin mulki daga 1986 zuwa 1988, Mataimakin Sakataren Tsaro na Kasa a lokacin babban yunkurin Juyin Juya Halin Jama'a na Musamman a lokacin juyin juya halin EDSA a watan Fabrairun 1986, kuma shugaban kungiyar Alumni ta Kwalejin Sojojin Philippine daga 1986 zuwa 1988.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Ermita ta auri Elvira Ramos daga Dipolog, tare da wanda ya haifi 'ya'ya hudu: Edwin Ermita (2007 da 2010 Batangas mataimakin gwamna), Ernestina Ermita, Eileen Ermita-Buhain (wanda ya gaji shi a matsayin wakilin gundumar Batangas na 1), da Lisa Ermita-Abad (mai zama magajin garin Balayan tun daga 2025).

## Mutuwa
Ermita ya mutu a gidansa a Batangas a ranar 18 ga Oktoba, 2025, yana da shekaru 90.  An gudanar da farkawarsa a Libingan ng mga Bayani a ranar 19-20 ga Oktoba kuma a Gidan Tunawa da Tarihi a ranar 21-22, duka biyu a Taguig. An binne gawarsa a Libingan ng mga Bayani a ranar 23 ga Oktoba.

### MANAZARTA
Ian Mai Kyau

**Sir Ian Good** (25 ga Satumba, 1943 - 29 ga Oktoba, 2023) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan ƙasar Scotland . 

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Ian Good a ranar 25 ga Satumba, 1943, a Bishopton, Renfrewshire .  Mahaifinsa masanin kimiyyar masana'antu ne. Ya yi karatu a Cibiyar John Neilson da ke Paisley kuma ya cancanci zama mai ba da lissafi tare da Smith &amp;amp; Williamson a Glasgow. Daga baya, ya yi aiki ga Price Waterhouse a Landan da Glasgow.

A shekara ta 1969, Good ya shiga Robertson &amp;amp; Baxter (R&B) a matsayin mataimakin zartarwa ga manajan darektan John Macphail .  Good da sauri ya ci gaba a cikin kamfanin, ya sami amincewar Miss Babs, kuma an nada shi a cikin allon Lang Brothers da Hepburn & Ross, kamfanonin da R & B ta samu a cikin shekarun 1960. Ya shiga kwamitin R&B a shekara ta 1974 kuma ya zama mai tasiri wajen tsara gudanarwa da jagorancin Edrington. A shekara ta 1979, ya bayyana a gaban hukumomin gasa don adawa da yunkurin karɓar kamfanin ruhohin Amurka Hiram Walker don Highland Distillers, wanda ya hada da Famous Grouse whiskey tare da R & B. 

Good ya zama shugaban zartarwa a shekarar 1989 kuma shugaban a shekarar 1994, ya yi ritaya a shekarar 2013. Daga 2000 zuwa 2005, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kungiyar Scotch Whisky Association .  Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugaban The Robertson Trust daga 2000 zuwa 2012.

Kyakkyawan dawakai masu haɗin gwiwa kuma ya kasance shugaban Hamilton Park Racecourse daga 1999 .  A shekara ta 2000, ya zama shugaban kafa Scottish Racing kuma an zabe shi zuwa Kungiyar Jockey Club a shekara ta 2005.  Doki nasa, Penny a Day, ya lashe Kofin Zinare na Zetland na 1995 a Redcar . 

## Rayuwa ta mutum
A shekara ta 1969, Good ya auri Irene Mitchell; suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu, Fiona da Catriona . 

## Manazarta
Dane Zander

**Dane Zander** (an haife shi a ranar 23 ga Agusta 1999) ƙwararren ɗan wasan rugby ne na Australiya,  wanda a halin yanzu yake wasa a matsayin mai tallafawa Los Angeles a Major League Rugby.

Zander ya taba bugawa Queensland Reds a Super Rugby. Ya fara bugawa Reds wasa a zagaye na 1 na kakar wasan Super Rugby ta 2020.[1]

## Manazarta
John Hamilton-Gordon, Marquis na farko na Aberdeen da Temair

John Campbell Hamilton-Gordon, 1st Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair (3 Agusta 1847 - 7 Maris 1934), mai suna **Earl na Aberdeen** daga 1870-1916, ya kasance ɗan Scotland kuma mai mulkin mallaka. An haife shi a Edinburgh, Aberdeen ya rike mukamin a kasashe da yawa, ya yi aiki sau biyu a matsayin Lord Lieutenant na Ireland (1886; 1905-1915) kuma ya yi aiki daga 1893 zuwa 1898 a matsayin Gwamna Janar na Kanada. 

## Farkon rayuwar mutum
An haifi Aberdeen a Edinburgh,  ɗan na uku na George Hamilton-Gordon, 5th Earl na Aberdeen, da matarsa, Mary Baillie, 'yar George Baillie kuma 'yar'uwar Earl na Haddington. 

Ya yi karatu a Jami'ar St Andrews da Kwalejin Jami'ar, Oxford . 

A matsayinsa na ɗa na uku, ba a sa ran John ya gaji lakabin mahaifinsa ba, wanda ɗan'uwansa na fari, George (1841-1870), ya gaji bayan mutuwar mahaifinsu a 1864. Koyaya, a cikin 1868, babban ɗan'uwansa James Henry (1845-1868) ya mutu ta hanyar kashe kansa, kuma shekaru biyu bayan haka, George ya nitse a kan tafiya zuwa Ostiraliya, ba tare da aure ba kuma saboda haka ba tare da magada ba. John ya yi nasara a matsayin 7th Earl na Aberdeen, da kuma 7th Viscount na Formartine, 4th Viscount Gordon, da 7th Lord Haddo, Methlic, Tarves da Kellie.

## Rayuwar siyasa
Aberdeen ya shiga House of Lords bayan ya gaji lakabin ɗan'uwansa a watan Janairun 1870. Wani Mai sassaucin ra'ayi, ya kasance a yakin neman zabe na farko na William Ewart Gladstone a Gidan Ubangiji Rosebery a 1879. Ya zama Lord Lieutenant na Aberdeenshire a 1880, ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Kwamishinan Ubangiji a Babban Taron Ikilisiyar Scotland daga 1881 zuwa 1885 (ya sake rike mukamin a 1915), kuma an nada shi a takaice Lord Lieutenant na Ireland a 1886. Ya zama mai ba da shawara a wannan shekarar.

A shekara ta 1884, ya shirya abincin dare a Haddo House don girmama Gladstone a yawon shakatawa na Scotland. Mai zane Alfred Edward Emslie ne ya kama wannan taron; zanen yanzu yana cikin tarin National Portrait Gallery, London, bayan 'yar Aberdeen Marjorie ce ta ba da gudummawa a 1953. 

An nada shi a matsayin Colonel na girmamawa na 1st Aberdeenshire Artillery Volunteers a ranar 14 ga Janairun 1888 kuma ya riƙe matsayin tare da magajinsa, 1st Highland Brigade, Royal Field Artillery, har sai bayan Yaƙin Duniya na I. 

A shekara ta 1889, an zaba shi a matsayin alderman na Majalisar gundumar Middlesex ta farko, an ba da adireshinsa a matsayin Dollis Hill House, Kilburn, a wannan gundumar.

A shekara ta 1891, ya sayi Coldstream Ranch a arewacin Okanagan Valley a British Columbia kuma ya ƙaddamar da ayyukan lambu na kasuwanci na farko a wannan yankin, wanda ya haifar da masana'antu da mulkin mallaka yayin da wasu 'yan Burtaniya suka yi hijira zuwa yankin saboda matsayinsa kuma suka sayi cikin salon rayuwar lambu. Ranch a yau wani bangare ne na karamar hukumar Coldstream, kuma sunayen wurare daban-daban a yankin suna tunawa da shi da iyalinsa, kamar Aberdeen Lake da Haddo Creek.

## manazarta
Harry Vella

**Harry Vella** (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Maris 2001) ɗan wasan rugby ne na ƙasar Australiya, wanda ke bugawa Brumbies wasa. Matsayin da ya fi so shi ne prop.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Vella ɗan Nambour ne kuma ya halarci Kwalejin St Joseph, Nudgee, kafin ya buga wasan rugby na kulob ɗinsa a Canberra Royals.[1] Ya taɓa zama memba na makarantar Queensland, kuma ya wakilci Makarantun Australia.[2] Ya taɓa yin aiki a wani ma'ajiyar kaya, inda aka yi masa laƙabi da 'The Forklift' saboda iyawarsa ta ɗaga abubuwa masu nauyi.[3]

## Sana'ar ƙwararru
An sanya Vella a cikin tawagar Brumbies kafin kakar wasa ta Super Rugby Pacific ta 2024.  Bayan ya yi watanni 16 yana jinya saboda rauni, ya fara buga wasa a zagaye na 5 na kakar wasa da Moana Pasifika. 

## Manazarta
Margaret Ford-Taylor

**MA Ford-Taylor** marubuciya ce ta Emmy sau biyu, darektan, marubuciya, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, malama da kuma mai kula da zane-zane .  Kyaututtuka, yabo da girmamawa sun haɗa da gasar rubuce-rubuce ta Kennedy Center don "Kada ku Rock the Boat", da kuma gabatarwa biyu na Emmy. Na farko shi ne don rawar da ta taka a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin na jama'a, "Mata na Amurka: Echoes and Dreams", kuma ta biyu Emmy nomination ita ce a matsayin marubucin shirin talabijin ya ABC, "The Second Reconstruction". Ms. Ford Taylor ta kasance malama a kan tarihin wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo a Jami'ar Jihar Cleveland, Jami'ar Akron da Jami'ar Jiha ta Kent. Tana da MA daga Jami'ar Jihar Kent .

Baya ga masana'antu, muryoyin rediyo da tallace-tallace na talabijin, Ms. Ford Taylor ta nuna Aunty Eda a cikin fim din da Denzel Washington ya jagoranta, *Antwone Fisher*, kuma ta buga Uwar Taylor a cikin Cleveland Play House, Forest City .  Kwamitoci a matsayin marubucin wasan kwaikwayo sun haɗa da Ned's Garden,  wanda ke cikin jerin sunayen a Jami'ar Jihar Cleveland, gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Paul Robeson a Buffalo, New York da Cibiyar Ayyukan Ayyuka ta Yammacin Angeles a Los Angeles; Oh, Mary, Kada ku yi kuka, a lokaci guda a Cibiyar Ayyuka ta West Angeles a Los Los Angeles da Cibiyar Fasaha ta Jihar Cleveland; Just Beyond the Junkyard, wanda ya zagaya a cikin Kamfanin Kiɗa na gargajiya na Tales da Scales na Evansville, Indiana a Cibiyar Kiɗa ta Aspen City, Cibiyar Ayyukansu ta Yamma a Cibiyar Nazarin Ayyukan Ayyukan Ayyuki ta Yammaci ta Yamma da Cibiyar Nazaren City, a Cibiyar Kasuwanci ta Yankin Yammacin Yammacin York a Cibiyar Yammacin Amurka a Cibiyar Aikin Yammacin Aikin Yankin Yankin Yarda a Cibiyar Bayar Yammacin

Kyaututtuka na farko ga Ms. Ford-Taylor sun haɗa da "Five On the Black Hand Side", "What The Butler Saw", da kuma "Livin Fat", tare da James Pickens, Jr., wanda ta sami lambar yabo ta OCTA. Ayyukan farko na Ford-Taylor guda biyu, "Hotel Happiness" da "Ina so in tashi", sun ba ta wata alaƙa don nazarin gudanar da zane-zane a Jami'ar Harvard.

Ayyukanta na rubuce-rubuce / jagorantar kwanan nan sun haɗa da "A Raisin In the Sun" don Cibiyar Beck, "A Song For Coretta" don gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ensemble, waƙoƙin "Listen To The Children" don gidan gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya Foluke, "Double Nickel Blues", wanda aka fara a gidan wasan kwaikwayo ta Jami'ar Jihar Cleveland da kuma littafi na farko, "On Liberty Street". [haɗin da bai dace ba?] 

## Manazarta
Kamfanin Alexander Forbes Group Holdings

**Alexforbes** (a hukumance **Alexander Forbes Group Holdings Limited**) kungiya ce ta kudi ta Afirka ta Kudu.

Headquartered in Johannesburg, the company has a presence outside of South Africa, in Namibia, Botswana, and in the Channel Islands through an offshore Jersey operation.&#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Tarihi
Ayyukan Alexforbes sun samo asali ne daga karfafa hukumomin inshora a Afirka ta Kudu a 1935, lokacin da aka kafa kasuwancin asali a matsayin Price Forbes, daga baya ya canza sunansa zuwa Price Forbes Life and Pension Brokers a shekarar 1955.

A cikin shekarun 1970s, Price Forbes Life and Pension Brokers sun fara rarraba ayyukanta daban-daban don haɗawa da gudanar da kudade, ba da shawara ga ma'aikata da sabis na lissafi gami da ritaya da tsara dukiya. Saboda bambancin, an canza sunan kasuwanci zuwa Price Forbes Employee Benefits Consultants . 

Bayan da kungiyar ta samu da yawa a farkon shekarun 1980, an canza sunan zuwa Alexander Forbes Financial Services . 

Kungiyar ta fara fadada kasa da kasa a cikin 1990 tare da kafa karamin aikin dillalin inshora a Landan da Jersey, wanda Kungiyar daga baya ta fadada ta hanyar sayen Nelson Hurst plc. Har ila yau, an fadada kasuwancin inshora zuwa wasu ƙasashen Afirka don ci gaba da ba da sabis ga abokan cinikin kamfanonin Afirka ta Kudu waɗanda ke fadada cikin waɗannan kasuwanni.

shekara ta 2002, kungiyar ta kara fadada kasuwancin ta na kasa da kasa ta hanyar samun kashi 60% na sha'awa a Lane Clark & Peacock (LCP), babban kamfanin ba da shawara a Burtaniya. Wannan ya biyo bayan ci gaba da sayen kasuwancin da suka kafa Sakamako na Zuba Jari a Burtaniya, Alexander Forbes Consultants and Actuaries (AFCA UK) da Media Insurance Services (Direct Marketing), da fadada LCP zuwa Belgium, Ireland, Netherlands da Switzerland.

## manazarta
William Forbes Skene

**William Forbes Skene** WS FRSE FSA (Scot) DCL LLD (7 Yuni 1809 - 29 Agusta 1892), lauya ne FSA (Scotland) , masanin tarihi kuma masanin tarihi.

Ya kafa kamfanin lauya na Scotland **Skene Edwards** wanda ya shahara a cikin karni na 20 amma ya ɓace a 2008 lokacin da ya haɗu da Morton Fraser . 

## Rayuwa
An haife shi a Inverey, ɗan na biyu na abokin Sir Walter Scott, James Skene (1775-1864), na Rubislaw, kusa da Aberdeen, da matarsa, Jane Forbes, 'yar Sir William Forbes, Baronet na 6 na Pitsligo . 

Iyalin sun koma Edinburgh a 1817, da farko suna zaune tare da kawunsa, Andrew Skene sannan daga 1820 suna zaune a 126 Princes Street da ke fuskantar Edinburgh Castle . 

Ya yi karatu a Edinburgh" id="mwPg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Royal High School, Edinburgh">Makarantar Sakandare a Edinburgh .  Daga nan aka koya masa aiki a matsayin lauya na farko ga Francis Wilson WS a filin majalisa sannan ga Henry Jardine WS kuma a filin majalisun.

Daga nan ya yi karatun shari'a a Jami'ar St Andrews da Jami'ar Edinburgh, kuma yana da sha'awar musamman a cikin nazarin ilimin Celtic da adabi. A cikin 1832, ya zama Marubuci ga Signet (WS), kuma jim kadan bayan haka ya sami nadin hukuma a sashen lissafi na Kotun Taron, wanda ya rike har zuwa 1865. Sha'awarsa ta farko a tarihin da kayan tarihi na Highlands na Scotland ya haifar da 'ya'yan itace na farko a 1837, lokacin da ya buga The Highlanders of Scotland, their Origin, History and Antiquities .

A shekara ta 1847, a lokacin yunwar dankali ta Highland, an nada shi Sakatare ga Babban Kwamitin Taimako na Highland . A wannan matsayi ya yi aiki tare da Sir Charles Trevelyan, Mataimakin Sakataren Baitulmalin.

A shekara ta 1859 an zabe shi Fellow na Royal Society na Edinburgh wanda ya ba da shawara shine Cosmo Innes . Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kungiyar daga 1869 zuwa 1871. 

Babban aikinsa, duk da haka, shine *Celtic Scotland, Tarihin Tsohon Alban* (3 vols., Edinburgh, 1876-1880), watakila mafi mahimmancin gudummawa ga Tarihin Scotland da aka rubuta a cikin karni na 19. A shekara ta 1879 an sanya shi Dokta na Dokar Jama'a (DCL) na Jami'ar Oxford, kuma a shekara ta 1881 Masanin Tarihi na Royal na Scotland. An nada shi Mataimakin Lieutenant na Edinburgh a 1886. 

William Forbes Skene ya kasance babban memba na ikilisiya na St Vincent's Scottish Episcopal Church a St Vincent Street a Stockbridge a arewacin Edinburgh . Ana tunawa da shi a can ta hanyar wani shahararren abin tunawa a bangon kudancin jirgin. Wani mai faɗakarwa na Bishara, ya yi jayayya cewa, tun lokacin da Babban Synod na Ikilisiyar Episcopal ta Scotland na 1863 ya kafa Littafin Addu'ar Ingilishi a matsayin babban iko ga bautar Ikilisiyar kuma Ikilisiyar Irish Episcopal Church ta karɓi Mataki talatin da tara na Ikilisiya a matsayin yadin koyarwa, don St Vincent ya kasance a waje da wannan coci ba zai iya zama mai adalci ba.
## manazarta
Marko Marulić

**Marko Marulić Splićanin** (  ;  Latin   ;  18 ga Agusta 1450 - 5 ga Janairu 1524) mawaki ne na Croatian , lauya, alkali, kuma mai ra'ayin ɗan adam na Renaissance . Shi ne mawaƙin ƙasa na Croatia .  A cewar George J. Gutsche, waƙar Marulić mai suna *Judita* "ita ce waƙar farko mai tsawo a cikin Croatian ", kuma "ta ba Marulić matsayi a cikin littattafansa wanda ya yi daidai da Dante a cikin adabin Italiya ."  Waƙar Marulić ta Latin tana da inganci sosai har abokan zamansa suka kira shi "The Christian Virgil ."  An kira shi "kambin zamanin zamanin Croatian", "uban Renaissance na Croatian",  da "Uban adabin Croatian."   

Masanin Marulić Bratislav Lučin ya lura cewa ya san Littafi Mai-Tsarki na Kirista da kuma Ubannin Ikilisiya. A lokaci guda, Marulić ya kuma karanta Pre-Christian Greek da Latin Classics. Ya karanta kuma ya fassara rubutun Latin, ya rubuta glosses a kan Waƙoƙin lalata na Catullus, ya karanta *Satyricon* na Petronius, kuma ya yi sha'awar Erasmus na Rotterdam. Marulić ya kuma kirkiro waƙoƙin ɗan adam, waƙoƙi na satirical, epigrams na lalata  wanda Ovid ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi, da Waƙoƙin Kirista na Latin waɗanda ba kawai ta hanyar Homer da Virgil ba, har ma da Lucan, Statius,  Faltonia Betitia Proba, Juvencus, Venantius Fortunatus, Cyprianus Gallus, Coelius Sedulius, da sauran marubutan arna da Kirista a cikin wannan harshe. 

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Marulić a ranar 18 ga watan Agusta 1450 a cikin manyan mutanen Croatia a Split, Dalmatia . Shi ne na farko cikin yara bakwai.  Gidan sarauta inda aka haife shi har yanzu yana tsaye a kan titin Papalić a Split.  Mahaifinsa, Nikola Marulić, ya fito ne daga dangin Pečenić (*Pecinić*, *Picinić*, Pezzini a Italiyanci). Marulić ya fito ne daga reshe na Karni na 15 na dangin wanda aka kafa shi mai suna Petar, kuma wanda kawai ya fara kiran kansu Marulić, *Marulus* ko De Marulis, a karni na 15. Mahaifiyarsa, Dobrica de Albertis, memba ne na manyan mutanen Italiya.

Marko Marulić ya bayyana kansa da farko a matsayin ɗan ƙasa na Split kuma, na biyu, a matsayin Dalmatian. A kan shafukan taken littattafansa, ya sanya hannu a matsayin ɗan asalin Split.

A cikin karni na 16 da 17, ayyukan Marulić guda uku da suka fi shahara kuma mafi yawan karantawa sune *De institutione bene vivendi per exempla sanctorum* ("Instruction on How to Lead a Virtuous Life Based on the Misalan of Saints"), Evangelistarium ("Evangelistary"), da Quinquaginta parabole ("Alloli hamsin"). A shekara ta 1680, an sake buga waɗannan littattafai guda uku fiye da sau tamanin ba kawai a cikin asalin Latin ba, har ma a cikin harsunan Turai da yawa, gami da Italiyanci, Jamusanci, Faransanci, Mutanen Espanya, Portuguese, Czech, Flemish, har ma da Icelandic. Saboda wannan dalili, an dauki Marulić a matsayin daya daga cikin marubuta masu karfi da tasiri na tauhidin da ibada na Renaissance.

## Manazarta
Gavin Warren (ƙungiyar rugby)

**Gavin Warren** (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Mayu 1987) tsohon ɗan wasan rugby ne na ƙasar Ostiraliya.

Warren, ɗan asalin Queensland, ya kammala karatunsa a Kwalejin Nudgee ta Brisbane kuma ya kasance wakilin 'yan makaranta na Australiya, yana yin rangadin Tsibirin Burtaniya tare da ƙungiyar a shekarar 2005.

Warren, wanda ke buga wasa a ƙungiyar Queensland Academy, ya samu kiran gaggawa daga ƙungiyar Reds Super 14 don maye gurbin Ben Coutts wanda ya ji rauni a benci a wasan da suka yi da Lions a Lang Park a shekarar 2007, bayan da ya fara buga wasan labule.[1] Ya shigo a minti na 70 don fara buga wasansa na farko a Reds, amma sai ya ji rauni a lokacin da ya fara yin rauni bayan daƙiƙa 50 sannan aka kwantar da shi a kan gadon bayan wuya, amma daga baya an cire shi daga wasan bayan an yi masa tiyatar cire masa wuya, amma daga baya an tabbatar masa da wani mummunan rauni.[2] [3]

## Duba kuma

* Jerin 'yan wasan Queensland Reds

## Manazarta
Fure na Tommy

Thomas Harold Flowers (22 Disamba 1905 - 28 Oktoba 1998) ya kasance injiniyan Ingilishi ne tare da Babban Ofishin Jakadancin Burtaniya . A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Flowers ya tsara kuma ya gina Colossus, kwamfutar lantarki ta farko a duniya, don taimakawa wajen fassara saƙonnin Jamusanci.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Flowers a 160 Abbott Road, Bromley-by-Bow, sannan Metropolitan Borough of Poplar, a ranar 22 ga Disamba 1905, ɗan mai yin tubali. Ya fito ne daga wani matalauta ma'aikaci kuma kakarsa ta kasance mai ba da taimako. Daga baya ya tuna cewa tun yana yara "an koya mana mu kasance masu cin gashin kansu a komai".

Yayinda yake aiki a fannin injiniya a Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, ya dauki darussan maraice a Jami'ar London don samun digiri a fannin aikin injiniya. A shekara ta 1926, ya shiga reshen sadarwa na Babban Ofishin Jakadancin (GPO), ya koma Ofishin Bincike na Ofishin Jakaya a Dollis Hill a Middlesex a shekara ta 1930.

A shekara ta 1935, Flowers ta auri Eileen Margaret Green. Ma'auratan daga baya sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu, John da Kenneth . 

Daga shekara ta 1934 zuwa gaba, ya binciki amfani da kayan lantarki a musayar tarho. A shekara ta 1939, ƙirar kayan aikinsa ta amfani da bawul 3000 zuwa 4000 yana cikin iyakantaccen aiki don (a ce) layuka 1000 a musayar tare da kowane layin da ke da bawul uku ko hudu. Wannan ya kasance don (ƙara) nesa mai tsawo ko da'irori tsakanin musayar (ofisoshin tsakiya), ta amfani da siginar cikin band tare da sauyawa a kowane ƙarshen da aka gudanar ta hanyar sauyawar lantarki ko masu aiki. Kamar yadda Flowers ya ce, a lokacin barkewar yaƙi, shi ne mai yiwuwa mutum ɗaya a Burtaniya wanda ya fahimci cewa ana iya amfani da bawul ɗin da za a iya dogara da su a kan babban sikelin don ƙididdigar sauri. Ya gamsu cewa tsarin lantarki zai yiwu. Bayani a cikin sauya kayan lantarki zai zama mahimmanci ga ƙirar kwamfutarsa.

## Yaƙin Duniya na II
Saduwar farko ta Flowers tare da ɓarkewar lambar lokacin yaƙi ta zo ne a watan Fabrairun 1941 lokacin da Alan Turing, wanda ke aiki a Bletchley Park, cibiyar ɓarkewa ta gwamnati,  mi (kilomita 80) arewa maso yammacin London a Buckinghamshire ya nemi taimako. Turing ya so Flowers ya gina ma'auni don na'urar Bomba mai tushe, wanda Turing ya haɓaka don taimakawa wajen warware lambobin Enigma na Jamus.

An watsar da aikin "Counter" amma Turing ya burge shi da aikin Flowers, kuma a watan Fabrairun 1943 ya gabatar da shi ga Max Newman wanda ke jagorantar kokarin sarrafa kansa wani ɓangare na cryptanalysis na Lorenz cipher. Wannan babban lambar Jamusanci ce da aka samar ta hanyar na'urar kirkirar teletypewriter, Lorenz SZ40/42, ɗaya daga cikin tsarin  (marubucin sirri), wanda ake kira "Tunny" (kifi) ta Burtaniya. Tsarin ya fi rikitarwa fiye da Enigma; tsarin fassara ya haɗa da ƙoƙarin yiwuwar da yawa wanda ba zai yiwu a yi da hannu ba. Flowers da Frank Morrell (kuma a Dollis Hill) sun tsara Heath Robinson, a cikin ƙoƙari na sarrafa kansa cryptanalysis na Lorenz SZ-40/42 cipher machine.

## manazarta
Nikola Nalješković

**Nikola Nalješković** (Italiyanci: ) (kimanin 1500, Dubrovnik - 1587, Dubrovnik) mawaki ne na Ragusan, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo kuma masanin. Ya rubuta waka, romantic canzones, masques (waƙoƙin carnival), wasiƙu, wasan kwaikwayo na makiyaya, wasan kwaikwayo, wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo tare da fasalulluka na Plautine erudite comedy da Roman mime. Ayyukansa masu ban sha'awa sun haɗa da jigogi masu lalata da na kowa.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife shi ne daga dangin 'yan kasuwa da masana kimiyya, ya halarci makarantar digiri a Dubrovnik, kuma yana da aikin kasuwanci wanda bai yi nasara ba wanda ya bar shi fatara. Nalješković ya yi aiki a matsayin marubuci, shugaban majalisa, da kuma mai binciken ƙasa.

A shekarunsa na baya, ya shiga cikin ilimin taurari da lissafi. Roma ta nemi ya ba da ra'ayinsa game da sake fasalin kalandar yayin da Paparoma Gregory XIII ke shirya muhawara (Dialogo sopra la sphere del mondo). Saboda shekarunsa, Nalješković bai iya tafiya zuwa Roma ba, amma ya aika da rubuce-rubucen goyon bayansa don shekara mai tsalle.

## Ayyukan wallafe-wallafen
A tsakiyar karni na 16, Nalješković shine babban mutum a cikin ƙungiyar wallafe-wallafen farko ta Croatia (tare da Mavro Vetranović, Ivan VIDALIćI, Peter Hektorović da Hydrangeas Bartučević). Yana da mahimmanci ga bambancin jinsi na aikinsa, wanda ya haɗu da tsarin waƙoƙin Mediaeval, Renaissance da Mannerist, ya bambanta jigogi na sirri da talla, jiki da ruhaniya, dariya da warewa, hakikanin gaskiya da sensualism, tunani da jin dadi, mutuwa da farin ciki.

A cikin tarihin wallafe-wallafen Croatian, Nalješković sananne ne saboda yaren da ya rubuta ayyukansa an kira shi Croatian, kuma ana jaddada sunan Croatian sau da yawa (*"Tim narod Hrvata vapije i viče"* - "wannan al'ummar Croats suna kuka da kuka"). 

A cikin 180 romantic canzones (wanda aka buga a 1876, a ƙarƙashin taken Pjesni ljuvene), an kafa wani irin tarihin ƙaunar mawaki, daga lokaci zuwa lokaci a cikin sautin koyarwa na ɗabi'a, kuma an ba da ra'ayi game da rayuwar zamantakewar Dubrovnik a lokacin, haɗakar da tunani da *Farin ciki*, ciwo a cikin ƙauna da "janar pessimism".

## Manazarta
Christiern Pedersen

**Christiern Pedersen** (c. 1480 - 16 Janairu 1554) ya kasance dan kasar Denmark, masanin ilimin ɗan adam, marubuci, mai bugawa da kuma mai bugawa.

## Ilimi
An haifi Christiern Pedersen a Helsingør, Denmark . Ya yi karatu a Roskilde kuma ya yi karatu daga 1496 a Jami'ar Greifswald . Ya sami digiri na baccalaureate a 1498 kuma daga 1505 ya kasance Canon a Lund Cathedral.

Ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Paris daga 1508 zuwa 1515, inda a 1511 ya sami Digiri na Master of Arts . A lokacin da ya zauna a Paris ya ci gaba da sha'awar rubuce-rubuce, fassara da bugawa. A wannan lokacin Paris ita ce babban birnin da ba a musanta ba na sabon na'urar buga littattafai. Yayinda yake la'akari da rubuta sabon ƙamus na Latin-Danish, ya rubuta maye gurbin ƙamus na Latini mai shekaru 300, Doctrinale, wanda Alexander na Villedieu ya rubuta a cikin 1199,  kuma har yanzu ana amfani dashi azaman misali a makarantun Denmark a wannan lokacin. A shekara ta 1510 ya buga sabon littafinsa na Latin-Danish, wanda ake kira *[[Vocabularium ad usum Dacorum]]* .

## Gesta Danorum

Ya so ya buga babban tarihin shekaru 300 na Denmark, *Gesta Danorum*, wanda Saxo Grammaticus ya rubuta, amma yana da wahalar samun damar yin amfani da rubutun aikin. A wannan lokacin mafi yawan ilimin wannan aikin ya fito ne daga taƙaitaccen da ake kira Compendium Saxonis wanda ke cikin Chronica Jutensis, wanda aka rubuta game da 1342. Babu shakka wannan shi ne kuma yadda Pedersen ya sani game da shi.

A shekara ta 1516, Pedersen ya koma Lund kuma ya yi aiki ga Archbishop Birger Gunnersen . A shekara ta 1522, ya zama Kanzler a karkashin sabon babban bishop, Johann Wess . Koyaya, a lokacin mulkin babban bishop na gaba, Aage Sparre, an zargi Pedersen da cin amana, da sauransu, wanda ya haifar da Pedersen ya tafi Jamus. Kamar yadda ya kasance mai aminci ga Sarki Christian II, ya bi shi a gudun hijira zuwa Netherlands a 1526, bayan ya sadu da shi a Berlin, inda ya shafe shekaru biyar masu zuwa a birnin Lier na Holland a lokacin.

A shekara ta 1529, ya yi watsi da addinin Katolika (da kuma matsayinsa na canon) kuma ya zama Lutheran. Sakamakon haka, Margaret na Austria, Regent na Low Countries ya nemi Christian II ya kore shi, amma sarki da aka yi gudun hijira ya yi watsi da bukatar ta.

## Littattafai
Ayyukan Pedersen masu ban sha'awa sun haɗa da:

* 1510, Vocabularium ad usum Dacorum (Latin-to-Danish Lexicon) 
* 1514, Danorum Regum heroumque Historiae (bugawa na Gesta Danorum na Saxo) 
* 1515, "Jærtegnspostil"
* 1529, "Det Ny Testamente" (Fassarar Sabon Alkawari) 
* 1533, "Nøttelig Legebog faar Fattige och Rige Unge och Gamle" (Littafin likita) 
* 1534, "Karl Magnus Krønike" (Rubutaccen labari na Charlemagne) 
* 1534, "Kong Holger Danskes Krønike" (Rubutaccen rubutu kyauta wanda ya danganci karni na 15 na Faransanci 'Ogier le Dannoys') 
* 1550, "Biblia - Christian d.3.s Bibel" (Fassarar Littafi Mai-Tsarki,- wannan shine cikakkiyar fassarar Littafi Mai Tsarki ta farko ta Danish) 

## Manazarta
Makarantar Jihar McDowall

**Makarantar Jihar McDowall** makarantar firamare ce ta gwamnati, mai haɗin gwiwa, wacce ke cikin yankin Brisbane na McDowall, a Queensland, Ostiraliya.  Ma'aikatar Ilimi ce ke gudanar da ita, tare da ɗalibai 1,022 da ma'aikatan koyarwa 71, tun daga shekarar 2023. Makarantar tana hidimar ɗalibai daga shirin zuwa aji na 6. 

## Tarihi
An buɗe makarantar a ranar 28 ga Janairu 1975.

## Kayan makaranta
Manyan launukan Makarantar Jihar McDowall ja ne da kore kuma waɗannan suna bayyana a cikin kayan makarantar. Kayan makarantar na yau da kullun riga ce ta tartan mai maɓalli, wacce kuma ana iya siyan ta a matsayin riga. Makarantar tana da rigar wasanni ta polo ja, kuma ana sanya rigunan polo masu launukan gidan makaranta don wasannin motsa jiki da kuma ranar Juma'a.

## Gidajen wasanni
Makarantar Jihar McDowall tana da gidaje huɗu na wasanni, waɗanda aka sanya wa suna bayan shuke-shuken asali na Australiya:

* Acacia
*: Launin gida: rawaya
* Banksia
*: Launin gida: kore
* Grevillea
*: Launin gida: ja
* Melaleuca
*: Launin gida: shuɗi

## Duba kuma

* Jerin makarantu a Queensland

## Manazarta