Nora O'Keeffe

**Nora O'Keeffe** (1885–1961) ta kasance mai ra'ayin juyin juya hali kuma mai ra'ayin mata daga County Tipperary. Ta kasance mai shirya yankin Cumann na mBan, mai aika sako a Yaƙin 'Yanci kuma mai fafutukar kin amincewa da Yarjejeniyar a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Ireland wadda aka tsare a Cork da Kilmainham Gaol . Ta kasance abokiyar zamanta na tsawon rai ga Margaret Skinnider, wata maharbi da aka raunata a lokacin Tashi na 1916 .

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi O'Keeffe a shekara ta 1885 a Glenough, kusa da Clonoulty, County Tipperary ga Daniel da Ellen (née Ryan) O'Keeffe.  Ita ce ta shida cikin yara 12 da suka rage a cikin iyali mai arziki na manoma waɗanda suka shiga cikin Gaelic League . A tsawon rayuwarta, O'Keeffe ta yi amfani da sigar Irish na sunanta, Nóra Ní Chaoimh, don sanya hannu kan mafi yawan wasiƙunta. 

Ita da babban ɗan'uwanta Patrick sun yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka a shekarar 1909, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai buga rubutu da kuma mai rubuta tambari.  Wataƙila ta haɗu da Skinnider a New York, wataƙila ta hanyar Clan na Gael, kuma sun koma Ireland tare a shekarar 1919. Sun zauna a Fairview, Dublin, kuma dukansu sun shiga reshen Cumann na mBan na yankin. 

## Yaƙin 'Yanci
Yaƙin 'Yanci ya fara ne a watan Janairun 1919 a Soloheadbeg, County Tipperary, inda wani lamari ya faru wanda ya shafi ɗan uwan O'Keeffe Seán Treacy, tare da taimakon mata daga Cumann na mBan. An kai hari kan wata karusa dauke da gelignite daga wani wurin hakar ma'adinai na gida kuma an kashe maza biyu na RIC, wanda hakan ya nuna barkewar yakin. 'Yan'uwan O'Keeffe Dan da Con suna cikin IRA kuma 'yar'uwarta Brigid ita ce Kyaftin na reshen Clonoulty na Cumann na mBan. An yi amfani da gidan dangin O'Keeffe da ke Glenough a matsayin wurin tsaro kuma shugabannin Brigade na Uku na Tipperary sun gudanar da 'majalisar yaƙi' a can. [1]

Lokacin da O'Keeffe da Skinnider suka dawo Ireland a watan Maris na 1919, sun shiga cikin yaƙin a matsayin membobin Cumann na mBan. Sun adana makamai kuma suka "sa mutane su gudu" a gidansu da ke Fairview. Ɗaya daga cikinsu shine Treacy, memba na 'Manyan Huɗu' na IRA wanda ya shiga cikin yunƙurin kisan kai kan Mataimakin Shugaban Irish.  Daga baya O'Keeffe ya gano gawarsa bayan an kashe shi a ranar 14 ga Oktoba 1920. 

An yi amfani da ƙwarewar O'Keeffe a matsayin mai buga rubutu da mai rubuta sauti a matsayin mai aika saƙo. Ta yi tafiya tsakanin Dublin, Tipperary, da sauran sassan Munster a kan aikin Cumann na mBan. Ofishin Yaƙi ya bayyana ta a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun masu jigilar kaya, IRA a Ireland. An ce wannan yarinyar tana ɗaukar jigilar kaya tsakanin Dublin, Cork, Tipperary, da Waterford." 

Hukumomi sun kai hari kan 'yan kabilar Cumann na mBan da yawa a gidajensu tun daga tsakiyar shekarar 1920 har zuwa lokacin da aka cimma yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta a watan Yulin 1921. A watan Mayun 1921, 'yan Black and Tans sun lalata gidan iyalan O'Keeffe da ke Glenough. 

## Yaƙin Basasa
A lokacin Yaƙin Basasa da ya biyo bayan raba ƙasar Ireland, O'Keeffe ta ɗauki matsayin kin amincewa da Yarjejeniyar . Brigid 'Bridie' O'Mullane ce ta naɗa ta a matsayin wakiliyar tallata Yarjejeniyar a Tipperary, wadda ta jagoranci ofishin tallata IRA.  A matsayinta na darektan tallata jama'a na Third Tipperary Brigade, O'Keeffe ta yi gyare-gyare tare da jaridar Chun an Lae mai adawa da Yarjejeniyar daga 1922 zuwa 1923. 

Sojojin Free State sun kama O'Keeffe a watan Fabrairun 1923, aka daure shi a gidan yarin Cork sannan daga baya aka mayar da shi Kilmainham Gaol . Constance Markievicz ta zana wani zane mai ban dariya wanda ke nuna "nasarar ɗaukaka" ta Free State wajen kama kekunan Nora da 'yar uwarta. 

A ƙarƙashin Dokar Tilastawa, ɗaukar takardu da suka shafi ayyukan hukumomin Free State cin amanar ƙasa ne kuma yana ɗauke da hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku. Waɗanda aka kama an gurfanar da su a gaban kotunan soji. WT Cosgrave, shugaban zartarwa na gwamnatin Free State a lokacin, ya amince da rawar da matan Cumann na mBan ke takawa a fannin farfaganda da sadarwa kuma ya kama ɗaruruwan su, yana mai cewa "ba zai yiwu a ɗauki waɗannan matan a matsayin mata na yau da kullun ba". 

Yaƙin Basasa ya ƙare a watan Afrilun 1923 amma ba a sake O'Keeffe da wasu fursunonin Cumann na mBan ba sai a ranar 29 ga Satumba. 

## Manazarta