Cin zarafin 'yancin dan adam a Chile a karkashin Augusto Pinochet

Rikicin haƙƙin ɗan adam da aka yi da mulkin kama-karya na soja na Chile, a ƙarƙashin Janar Augusto Pinochet, ya haɗa da mummunar ayyukan cin zarafin jiki da jima'i, da kuma lalacewar tunani. Daga Shekarar 1973 zuwa shekara ta 1990, sojojin Chile, 'yan sanda da duk wadanda suka hada kai da rundunar soja sun shiga cikin kafa tsoro da ta'addanci a Chile.

According to the Commission of Truth and Reconciliation (Rettig Commission) and the National Commission on Political Imprisonment and Torture (Valech Commission), the number of direct victims of human rights violations in Chile accounts for around 30,000 people: 27,255 tortured and 2,279 executed. In addition, some 200,000 people suffered exile and an unknown number went through clandestine centers and illegal detention.

Rikicin haƙƙin ɗan adam da aka yi da mulkin kama-karya na soja na Chile, a ƙarƙashin Janar Augusto Pinochet, ya haɗa da mummunar ayyukan cin zarafin jiki da jima'i, da kuma lalacewar tunani. Daga Shekarar 1973 zuwa shekara ta 1990, sojojin Chile, 'yan sanda da duk wadanda suka hada kai da rundunar soja sun shiga cikin kafa tsoro da ta'addanci a Chile.

Mafi yawan nau'ikan azabtarwa da ke tallafawa jihar da fursunonin Chile suka jimre su ne girgizar lantarki, ruwa, duka, da cin zarafin jima'i. Wani hanyar azabtarwa da aka saba amfani da ita ita ce "ɓata" wadanda aka ɗauka suna iya zama masu tayar da kayar baya saboda sun bi koyarwar siyasa ta hagu. An aiwatar da dabarar "faduwa" ga abokan gaba na mulkin Pinochet a cikin shekaru hudu na farko na mulkin soja. An tsare "waɗanda suka ɓace" a asirce, an azabtar da su kuma sau da yawa ba a sake ganinsu ba. Dukkanin Hukumar Kula da Kurkuku da Torture na Siyasa (Rahoton Valech) da Hukumar Gaskiya da Sulhu (Rahoto na Rettig) sun kiyasta cewa akwai kusan mutane 30,000 da ke fama da cin zarafin bil'adama a Chile, tare da abubuwan da suka faru na azabtarwa 40,018 da 2,279 da aka kashe. An gano wadannan mutane, tare da wasu da yawa, a matsayin wadanda ke fama da mulkin Pinochet:

* Diana Aron, 'yar jarida
* Miguel Enriquez, mai fafutukar siyasa
* Victor Jara, mawaƙi da mawaƙi
* Jose Liendo, mai fafutuka na hagu
* Carlos Lorca, mai fafutukar siyasa
* Reinalda Pereira, likita kuma mai sana'a
* Arsenio Poupin, ɗan siyasa
* Elizabeth Rekas, ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa
* Alfredo Rojas, injiniya kuma ɗan siyasa
* Bautista van Schouwen, likita kuma mai fafutukar siyasa
* Franco Teruggi, marubuci kuma ɗan ƙungiyar kwadago

## Tarihi
 
Gwamnatin soja ta kasance ta hanyar hana dukkan rashin amincewar siyasa, wanda ya sa wasu suyi magana game da *"Kisan [[Politicide|Siyasa]]"* (ko "kisan kare dangi na siyasa").  Steve J. Stern ya yi magana game da kisan siyasa don bayyana "aikin tsari don lalata duk hanyar yin da fahimtar siyasa da shugabanci".

Mafi munin tashin hankali ya faru ne a cikin watanni uku na farko bayan juyin mulkin, tare da yawan wadanda ake zargi da 'yan hagu da aka kashe ko "sun ɓace" (desaparecidos) nan da nan ya kai dubban. A cikin kwanaki da suka biyo bayan juyin mulkin, Mataimakin Sakataren Harkokin Kasuwancin Amurka ya sanar da Henry Kissinger cewa ana amfani da Filin wasa na kasa don riƙe fursunoni 5,000, kuma har zuwa 1975, CIA har yanzu tana ba da rahoton cewa har zuwa fursunoni 3,811 suna cikin filin wasa. Amnesty International ta ba da rahoton cewa an ƙidaya fursunonin siyasa kusan 7,000 a filin wasa na kasa a ranar 22 ga watan Satumba, shekara ta 1973. Duk da haka, sau da yawa ana ambaton shi a cikin manema labarai, cewa an tsare fursunoni 40,000 a filin wasa. Wasu daga cikin shahararrun shari'o'in "desaparecidos" sune Charles Horman, ɗan ƙasar Amurka wanda aka kashe a lokacin juyin mulkin kanta,   marubucin waƙoƙin Chilean Víctor Jara, da kuma Oktoban shekarar 1973 Caravan of Death (Caravana de la Muerte) inda aka kashe akalla mutane 70. Sauran ayyukan sun hada da Operation Colombo a lokacin da aka kashe daruruwan masu gwagwarmayar hagu da Operation Condor, wanda aka gudanar tare da ayyukan tsaro na sauran mulkin kama karya na Latin Amurka.

Bayan shan kashi na Pinochet a cikin plebiscite na shekarar 1988, Hukumar Rettig ta shekarar 1991, wani yunkuri na jam'iyyun siyasa da yawa daga gwamnatin Aylwin don gano gaskiyar game da take hakkin dan adam, sun lissafa cibiyoyin azabtarwa da tsare-tsare da yawa (kamar Colonia Dignidad, jirgin Esmeralda ko Filin wasa na Víctor Jara), kuma sun gano cewa akalla mutane 3,200 ne suka mutu ko suka ɓace ta hanyar mulkin.

Wani rahoto daga baya, Rahoton Valech (wanda aka buga a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2004), ya tabbatar da adadin mutuwar mutane 3,200 amma ya rage yawan wadanda ake zargi da bacewar mutane. Ya ba da labarin kama mutane 28,000 inda aka tsare mafi yawan wadanda aka tsare kuma a lokuta da yawa aka azabtarwa da su. An tura kimanin 'yan Chile 30,000 gudun hijira kuma an karbe su a kasashen waje, musamman a Argentina, a matsayin' yan gudun hijira na siyasa; duk da haka, 'yan sanda na sirri na DINA sun bi su a gudun hijira, a cikin tsarin Operation Condor wanda ya haɗa mulkin kama karya na Kudancin Amurka tare da abokan adawar siyasa.  Kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 20,000-40,000 na Chile suna da fasfo da aka buga da harafin "L" (wanda ke tsaye don lista nacional), yana nuna su a matsayin persona non grata kuma dole ne su nemi izini kafin su shiga kasar. Duk da haka, kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na Chile sun tilasta wa dubban daruruwan zuwa gudun hijira.

According to the Latin American Institute on Mental Health and Human Rights (ILAS), "situations of extreme trauma" affected about 200,000 persons; this figure includes individuals killed, tortured (following the UN definition of torture), or exiled and their immediate relatives. 

Wata kotu a Chile ta yanke wa tsoffin jami'an 'yan sanda 24 hukunci, a ranar 19 ga Maris, 2008, a shari'o'in satar mutane, azabtarwa da kisan kai wanda ya faru ne bayan juyin mulkin da Amurka ta goyi bayan ya hambarar da Shugaba Salvador Allende, dan gurguzu, a ranar 11 ga  watan Satumba, shekara ta 1973.

## Tsarin mulki na mulkin mallaka
Ma'anar mulkin mallaka yana nuna mulkin soja wanda ya tashi zuwa iko a Kudancin Amurka tsakanin shekarun 1960 zuwa Shekarar 1980, musamman a yankunan Kudancin Cone na Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, da Uruguay. Wadannan gwamnatoci suna da tsarin fasaha na yin manufofi kuma suna tare da matsanancin zalunci. Guillermo O'Donnell - wani shahararren masanin kimiyyar siyasa na Argentina - ya lakafta waɗannan gwamnatocin a matsayin "masu mulkin mallaka" don "banbanban da su daga siffofin oligarchical da populist na mulkin mallaka da aka samu a ƙasashe marasa zamani".

Tun daga farkonta a ranar 11 ga watan Satumba, shekara ta 1973, babban ajanda na mulkin kama karya na Chile shine ya danne masu adawa da siyasa - wanda wasu suka rarraba shi a matsayin *"Kisan Siyasa"* (ko "kisan kare dangi na siyasa).  Samun iko na Janar Pinochet ta hanyar tashin hankali, da kuma zubar da jini na juyin mulkin soja ya nuna mummunan yanayin da mutane da yawa marasa laifi za su jimre a cikin shekaru 17 masu zuwa. Pinochet ya ji tsoron magoya bayan Jam'iyyar Popular Unity Party (PU)  da shugabansu Salvador Allende, wanda shine Marxist na farko da ya zama Shugaban yankin Latin Amurka ta hanyar bude zabe. Janar Pinochet ya rayu a cikin halin damuwa, kuma koyaushe yana jin tsoron a kashe shi ko rasa iko. Don haka, ya fara hallaka wadanda ba su da hadin kai ga manufofinsa, musamman wadanda suka taba yi wa PU hidima.

Yayin da zargin Pinochet ya karu, mai mulkin kama-karya na soja ya yi niyya ga duk wanda ke da alaƙa da "masu hagu", wanda ya haɗa da uwaye, mata, da 'ya'yan masu tayar da kayar baya. [saki - tattauna] Don tabbatar da ikon mallakar kasar, Pinochet ya kirkiro cibiyoyin da suka kasance kamar na dimokuradiyya. Ya shirya plebiscite, wanda aka gudanar a ranar 11 ga  watan Satumba, shekara ta 1980, wanda ya amince da sabon Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya fara aiki a ranar 21 ga watan Oktoba, shekara ta 1980, kuma hakan ya tabbatar da tsarin shari'a da ya kafa ta hanyar doka. Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya haramta lokacin zabe na shekaru 8, ya ba da izinin sake zaben kuma ya ba Shugaban Jamhuriyar iko mai yawa. An ba da dokoki don aikata laifuka na ta'addanci da kuma iyakance amfani da *[[habeas corpus]]*. Wani muhimmin bangare na mulkin Pinochet shine yadda aka haɗa sojoji. Wani kuma shi ne rikice-rikice na farar hula, wanda ya haifar da yanayi wanda ya dace da danne duk waɗanda ake zaton suna goyon bayan PU, wasu kungiyoyin hagu, har ma da cibiyoyin Centrist kamar Jam'iyyar Democrat ta Kirista. 

## Ka samar da jin tsoro

### Jirgin Mutuwa
Tun daga lokacin da Pinochet ya hau mulki, yana so ya sanya tsoro a cikin jama'ar Chile. Wadannan tsoro sun bayyana tare da izininsa na "Caravan of Death". Bayan juyin mulkin a ranar 11 ga watan Satumba, Pinochet ya umarci wannan tawagar kashe Sojojin Chile da ta yi niyya ga shugabannin PU ta kowace hanya da ta dace. Caravan of Death, a karkashin jagorancin Sergio Arellano Stark, ya kashe mutane 68 a cikin kwanaki uku, ta hanyar wuka, bugawa, da harbi. Kafawar Caravan of Death ya yi amfani da manyan dalilai uku: 1) yin shiru ta hanyar kisan kai, 2) fitar da jami'an soja waɗanda ba su da alaƙa da mulkin Pinochet da 3) kafa tsoro a cikin matsayi na jagoranci. Caravan of Death ya haifar da kafa tsarin ta'addanci na jihar.

### DINA

A ranar 14 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta 1974, Dokar Junta 521 ta ba da umarnin kirkirar Daraktan Lantarki na Kasa (DINA). Akwai dubban mutane da ke aiki a wannan hukumar. An kafa DINA don "samar da bayanan sirri da ake buƙata don tsara manufofi da tsarawa, da kuma ɗaukar matakai don samun kariya ga Tsaron Kasa da ci gaban ƙasar. "  DINA ta kafa sansanonin tambayoyi da tsare-tsare, inda aka tsare tsoffin mambobin gwamnatin Marxist ta Allende da ƙungiyoyin Hagu kamar Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria kuma aka azabtar da su.  Manufar Pinochet ita ce ta hallaka dukkan nau'ikan adawa. Saboda haka ya goyi bayan Dokar Soja ta Shekarar 1697, wanda ya haramta kafa kowace jam'iyya ta siyasa. Yawancin mutanen Chile suna cikin sa ido. Ikklisiyoyin Chile, jami'o'i, kasuwanni, da unguwanni duk suna ƙarƙashin bincike mai zurfi.

### Umurni na hadin gwiwa
Kwamandan hadin gwiwa ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikata daga ƙarshen 1975 har zuwa ƙarshen 1976 kuma an kafa shi da farko a Santiago, Chile. Kamar DINA, wannan ma'aikatar ta daidaita ayyukan leken asiri da kuma cin zarafin siyasa, tare da rundunar sojan sama da ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen aiwatar da ajanda. Kwamandan hadin gwiwa yana da alhakin " bacewar" kusan mutane talatin a lokacin mulkin kama karya.

## Tsanani da gwamnati ke tallafawa
Daga shekara ta 1974 zuwa shekarar 1977, DINA (Darakta na Lantarki na Kasa) da sauran hukumomi kamar Kwamandan hadin gwiwa sune manyan cibiyoyin da ke da alhakin aikata mafi yawan ayyukan zalunci. Ya kasance a wannan lokacin lokacin da yawancin ɓacewar tilasta ya faru. Duk da yake waɗannan hukumomin sun aikata mummunan azabtarwa ta jiki da ta jima'i, sun kuma haifar da ciwo mai yawa da wahala.

### Tsayawa da cibiyoyin azabtarwa
Hukumomin leken asiri a karkashin mulkin Pinochet sun kafa wuraren tsare sirri da azabtarwa don gudanar da zalunci na siyasa. Gabaɗaya, Chile tana da cibiyoyin azabtarwa 17. [daidaitaccen tabbatarwa - duba tattaunawa] A wani lokaci, an saki fursunoni bayan an tsare su kuma an azabtar da su. Koyaya, an kashe fursunoni da yawa kuma "sun ɓace". 

#### Alamos huɗu
Cuatro Álamos cibiyar tsare-tsare ce wacce babu wanda ke waje da DINA da ke da damar shiga, sai dai ma'aikatan wasu hukumomin leken asiri. An kafa shi a cikin shekarar 1973, a farkon lokacin mulkin. Rayuwa a Cuatro Álamos ta kasance mai sauƙi fiye da sauran wuraren tsare-tsare. Ya kunshi ƙananan sel goma sha biyu, babban sel ɗaya, da ofisoshin ma'aikata. Akwai lokuta kalilan na azabtarwa a cikin ganuwar kurkukun.

#### Landan 38
Londres 38 cibiyar tsare sirri ce da ke cikin garin Santiago, inda mambobin DINA ke aiki daga 1973 har zuwa ƙarshen 1974. Wannan yana daya daga cikin shafuka da yawa da kungiyoyin hagu suka mallaka a baya. Fursunoni a London No. 38 sun jimre da dogon lokaci na tambayoyi da ci gaba da wulakanci. Masu kamawa sun fi son azabtar da fursunoni ta hanyar kashe su. Ba wai kawai an tsare wadanda ake zargi ba, amma an kama danginsu. An yi wa dangin cin zarafin jima'i a gaban ƙaunatattun su. Koyaya, a lokacin farko, har yanzu ana ba fursunoni damar yin hulɗa da juna da raba bayanai.

#### Villa Grimaldi

Villa Grimaldi, located in Santiago, was DINA's most important torture center, which began operating in 1974. Prisoners endured long periods of interrogation. As more people were incarcerated on a massive scale, new places were reconditioned to hold them. The "tower" was designated as a holding center for political prisoners. On the top floor of the building, there was a water tank that included ten tight spaces where prisoners were held. These spaces were so small that victims had to enter them by crawling on their knees. The tower also housed a torture chamber, where prisoners were kept in isolation. Many of them were never seen again. Food was scarce, and the conditions were extremely unsanitary.

### Tsanani na zahiri
Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin azabtarwa da aka saba amfani da su shine "grill" ko "La Parrilla. " A cikin wannan hanyar, an samar da wutar lantarki daga ma'aunin bango ta hanyar akwatin sarrafawa cikin wayoyi biyu, kowannensu yana ƙare a cikin electrodes. Akwatin sarrafawa ya ba masu azabtarwa damar daidaita ƙarfin lantarki da aka ba wa fursunoni. Za a shimfiɗa fursunonin tsirara, a ɗaure su a kan gadon ƙarfe ko kuma a ɗora su cikin gado, kuma a ɗaure shi cikin aminci. Daga nan sai aka yi musu girgizar lantarki a sassa daban-daban na jiki, musamman wuraren da ke da hankali kamar al'aura da raunuka masu budewa.

Rahoton Valech ya haɗa da shaidar wani mutumin Chile wanda masu kama kurkuku suka yi masa tambayoyi. Sun cire tufafinsa kuma sun haɗa electrodes a kirjinsa da testicles. Sun kuma sanya wani abu a bakinsa don hana shi cinye harshensa yayin da suke ba da mamaki. A wani bambancin wannan hanyar, za a haɗa waya ɗaya ga fursunoni, yawanci ga al'aurar wanda aka azabtar, yayin da za a iya amfani da wani waya ga sassa daban-daban na jiki. Wannan ya haifar da wutar lantarki da ke wucewa ta jikin wanda aka azabtar, tare da ƙarfin da ya dace da nisan tsakanin electrodes biyu. Ƙananan nesa tsakanin electrodes ya haifar da ƙarfin lantarki kuma saboda haka ya fi zafi ga fursunoni.

Wani nau'i na musamman na "grill" ya haɗa da amfani da gado na ƙarfe; za a sanya wanda aka azabtar a kan gado na ƙasa yayin da aka azabtar da dangi ko aboki a lokaci guda a saman gado. Yawancin fursunoni sun jimre da mummunan duka, kuma wasu sun karye ko yanke ƙafafunsu.

A Villa Grimaldi, DINA ta tilasta wa fursunoni marasa bin doka su kwanta a ƙasa. Wadanda suka kama su za su gudu a kan ƙafafunsu tare da babban abin hawa, suna murkushe ƙasusuwan fursunoni. Har ila yau, maharan sun doke fursunoni a kunnuwa har sai sun zama kurma da rashin sani; wannan hanyar azabtarwa an san ta da "telephone".  Yawancin waɗannan ayyukan azabtarwa da nufin su kunyata fursunoni sosai.

A sansanin fursunoni na Pisagua, masu kamawa sun tsoratar da fursunoni ta hanyar tilasta musu su yi tsalle a ƙasa kuma su kwashe datti daga bene. Idan fursunoni sun koka ko ma sun fadi daga gajiya, ana kashe su nan da nan. An kuma tsoma fursunoni a cikin tukwane na turare kuma a wasu lokuta an tilasta su cinye shi.

### Cin zarafin jima'i
Gwamnatin Pinochet ta aikata abubuwa masu yawa masu ban tsoro da ban tsoro na cin zarafin jima'i a kan wadanda aka azabtar. An kafa wuraren tsare-tsare da yawa ne kawai don manufar azabtar da jima'i da wulakanci ga fursunoni. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan wurin shine Discothèque (ko Venda Sexy), wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗayan manyan cibiyoyin tsare sirri na DINA. Da yawa daga cikin wadanda suka " bace" an fara tsare su a wannan kurkuku, inda masu gadi na kurkuku ke yawan fuskantar maza da mata ga cin zarafin jima'i. Wannan kurkuku kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin cibiyar tsakiya don ayyukan zalunci na ciki.

Mata sune manyan manufofi na waɗannan mummunar ayyukan cin zarafin jima'i. A cewar Hukumar Valech, kusan kowane mace fursuna ya sha wahala daga fyade akai-akai. Sojoji ba wai kawai sun yi wa mata fyade ba har ma sun yi amfani da abubuwa na kasashen waje har ma da dabbobi don haifar da ƙarin ciwo da wahala. Mata, kuma a wasu lokuta maza, sun ba da rahoton abubuwan da suka faru inda aka dasa gizo-gizo da beraye masu rai a jikin su. Wata mace ta shaida cewa an "yi mata fyade kuma an yi mata fyade tare da karnuka da aka horar da su da kuma beraye masu rai" kuma an tilasta mata yin jima'i da mahaifinta da ɗan'uwanta, waɗanda aka kuma tsare su.

A cikin kalmomin Alejandra Matus, matan da aka tsare sun jimre da hukunci sau biyu: na farko don an lakafta su a matsayin "masu hagu" kuma na biyu don rashin bin ka'idar soja na mata, sau da yawa ana kiransu da perra ("bitch"). 

### Rashin jituwa na tunani
Rundunar soji sau da yawa ta tsara mutane da kungiyoyi masu hagu don tabbatar da ajandarsu don yin niyya da azabtar da masu adawa da siyasa. Junta ta haifar da tsoron masu hagu ta hanyar shirya kama makamai da kuma nuna masu tsattsauran ra'ayi a cikin mummunan haske. Gwamnatin ta zargi masu hagu da satar makamai masu haɗari daga shagunan makamai don tabbatar da kama masu adawa ba bisa ka'ida ba. Irin wannan hotunan karya na "hadarin juyin juya hali" ya haifar da halatta mulkin Pinochet. Junta ta ba da umarni ga jama'ar Chile da su ba da rahoton ayyukan duk wani mai tuhuma kuma suka ci gaba da mika su. Pinochet ya kuma ba da izini ga DINA don shirya fashewar bam a gidan tsaro na Chile, yana mai da alhakin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na hagu don nuna haɗarin da suka kawo wa al'umma. Ainihin, rundunar soji ta yi amfani da farfaganda na ƙwaƙwalwa don nuna masu hagu a matsayin abokan gaba.

An yi amfani da azabtarwa ta tunani don lalata nufin fursuna, mutunci, halin kirki, da ƙudurin jiki don cire bayanai masu dacewa daga wanda aka azabtar. Membobin hukumomin leken asiri kamar DINA da Joint Command sun yi ƙoƙari su cire bayanai daga wadanda abin ya shafa ta hanyar barazana ga yaransu da ƙaunatattun su. Iyaye da yawa da aka tsare a cibiyoyin tsare-tsare ba bisa ka'ida ba dole ne su zabi tsakanin ceton kansu ko rayuwar yaransu. A ranar 21 ga watan Agusta, Shekara ta 1989, ma'aikatan soja sun kama Jessica Antonia Liberona Niñoles kuma sun tsare ta a cikin wani dakin duhu, mai zaman kansa. An cire ta tsirara, an tilasta ta kwanta a kan gadon kurkuku mara kyau, kuma ba a yarda ta yi barci ba har kwana biyar a lokacin tambayoyin. Wadanda suka kama ta yi barazanar sace 'yarta mai shekaru tara daga makaranta idan ta kasa ba da hadin kai.

 A cewar Hukumar Valech, waterboarding yana daya daga cikin hanyoyin azabtarwa da aka fi rubuta ta wadanda aka tsare da su. Wadanda suka kama su sun zuba ruwa a kan zane wanda ya rufe fuskokin wadanda abin ya shafa da kuma numfashi, wanda ya sa mutane su fuskanci jin dadin nutsewa da kuma kusan mutuwa. Waterboarding ya sa fursunoni su yi asphyxiate, yayin da kawunansu suka nutse cikin ruwa sau da yawa a jere. Sau da yawa, ana rataye fursunoni a tsaye da igiyoyi, kuma ana jefa su cikin tankin ruwa, da farko. Ruwa ya gurɓata kuma ya cika da tarkace. An yi amfani da Waterboarding don haifar da ciwo na jiki da na tunani; duk da haka, wadanda abin ya shafa sun gano cewa wahalar da suka jimre ta fi muni fiye da ciwo ta jiki. Sun tabbatar da cewa ko da shekaru talatin bayan an "waterboarded", har yanzu suna fama da mummunar tasirin azabtarwa na tunani. Mutane da yawa da abin ya shafa sun bayar da rahoton fama da matsalar damuwa, wulakanci, rashin amfani, kunya, damuwa, da rashin bege. Rahoton Hukumar Valech ya bayyana shaidar wani mutum wanda ya fuskanci ruwa a watan Satumbar shekarar 1973:Sun sanya auduga a idanu biyu, sannan suka ɗaure su kuma suka karfafa murfin a wuwata. Sun ɗaure hannuna da ƙafafunsu, sun nutse ni a cikin tanki mai lita 250 wanda ke da ammoniya, fitsari, datti, da ruwan teku. Sun nutse ni har sai na daina numfashi. Sun maimaita shi akai-akai, yayin da suke doke ni kuma suna tambayar ni tambayoyi. Wannan shi ne abin da suka kira jirgin ruwa.

### Rashin Kasancewa

Duk da yake "masu tayar da kayar baya" shine babban kayan aikin ta'addanci na jihar da gwamnatin soja ta Argentina ke gudanarwa daga shekarun 1960 zuwa shekarar 1980, ya kasance mai yaduwa sosai kuma ya zama ruwan dare a Chile. A cewar Rahoton Rettig, mutane 1,248 sun " bace" ta hanyar Pinochet Regime. Koyaya, wannan adadin har yanzu ya kasance tushen jayayya, kamar yadda har yanzu ba a gano daruruwan gawawwakin ba. An yi kusanci daban-daban don yawan mutanen da gwamnatin soja ta "shafe". Da yawa daga cikin wadanda "sun ɓace" ba a ba su damar tserewa ko neman mafaka a wasu wurare ba. An ɓoye jikinsu da gangan a wuraren da ba a bayyana ba.

Kwanaki bakwai kawai bayan Pinochet ya kwace mulki, ya umarci sojoji da su tara kimanin dalibai 10,000, ma'aikata, da masu gwagwarmayar siyasa kuma suka kulle su a filin wasa na Santiago a ranar 18 ga  Watan Satumba, shekara ta 1973. Wannan filin wasa, wanda ya nuna mafi girman nishaɗi na Chile, ya zama sansanin fursuna a cikin 'yan kwanaki. An azabtar da mutane da yawa kuma an harbe su, kuma an jefa gawawwakin daruruwan zuwa kaburbura na sirri. Wadannan sun sha wahala daga shirin da aka tsara da kyau na hukuma, duk da haka a ɓoye, azabtarwa da kisan kai.

An ga mutane da yawa a karshe a cikin cibiyoyin tsare-tsare da azabtarwa da hukumomin leken asiri na mulkin soja suka kafa. Bayan kama Pinochet a shekarar 1998, Chile ta sake yin ƙoƙari don gano mummunan abubuwan da suka faru a baya. A karo na farko a cikin shekaru da yawa, lauyoyin kare hakkin dan adam da mambobin sojoji sun so su bincika inda aka binne gawawwakin "sun ɓace". A ranar 7 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2000, Shugaba Ricardo Lagos ya yi jawabi na minti 15 a duk fadin kasar, inda ya nuna cewa sojojin sun gano bayanai game da makomar kimanin mutane 180 da suka bace. A cewar Legas, an jefa gawarwakin akalla 150 daga cikin wadannan mutane cikin tabkuna, koguna, da Tekun Pacific. Ba a san inda wasu daruruwan gawawwakin suke ba.

## Ta'addanci da aka kafa
Mulkin kama-karya a karkashin Pinochet ya kafa wani yanar gizo mai rikitarwa na kayan aikin shari'a wanda ya yi amfani da shi don danne duk wanda aka dauka "mai tayar da kayar baya". Pinochet ya kasance mai matukar dabarun a kokarinsa na ɓoye take hakkin dan adam da jihar ta aikata. Ya yi kira ga Plebiscite na kasa a 1980 don amincewa da Tsarin Mulki na Siyasa na 1980 na Jamhuriyar Chile - wani dalili na dimokuradiyya. Pinochet ya yi alkawarin rage hauhawar farashin kayayyaki, wanda ya kasance kusan 30-35% a cikin 1978; yana da niyyar sake fasalin cibiyoyin tattalin arziki da siyasa na yankin. Wadannan ajendas sun kasance wani ɓangare na wani shiri mai zurfi don samun amincewa daga jihar, yana mai da shi ya fi dacewa a gurfanar da shi, ɗaure shi, da kuma kashe fararen hula da ake zargi da tayar da kayar baya. Sojoji da ma'aikatan da ke dauke da makamai, a karkashin Pinochet, sun sami damar yin aiki ba tare da hani ba, yayin da aka sake fasalin Gwamnatin Chile kamar yadda Pinochet yake so. Ko da Kundin Tsarin Mulki an tsara shi don ba Pinochet rashin hukunci. Mulkin kama-karya na soja ya yi amfani da tsarin shari'a na kansa don yin hukunci da abokan gaba na mulkin.

Bugu da ƙari, Dokar Amnesty da Pinochet ya ba da umarni a 1978 ta tabbatar da rashin hukunci ga waɗanda ke da alhakin "tsarkakewa da haƙƙin ɗan adam kuma babbar matsala ce ga kawo Pinochet zuwa adalci a Chile.  Har ma a yau, "Dokar Amnesty har yanzu tana aiki. Kotun Koli ta Chile ta yi amfani da shi kwanan nan a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2007. "Yayin da aka tsare Pinochet a karkashin tsare a gida a ranar 30 ga Oktoba, shekara ta 2006, kan " tuhume-tuhume da suka hada da kisan kai, azabtarwa, da satar mutane a cikin shekaru bayan juyin mulkinsa na 1973, ba a taɓa yanke masa hukunci ba. Ya mutu kafin tsarin binciken ya kai ga ƙarshe. Dokar Amnesty ta Pinochet ta yadda ya kamata ta keɓe mulkin soja daga fansa har ma da mafi munin cin zarafin 'yancin ɗan adam.

### Hukumomin zalunci
 
Daraktan leken asiri na kasa (DINA), shi ne 'yan sanda na sirri na Chile a lokacin gwamnatin Pinochet . An kafa DINA a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1973 a matsayin sashin leken asiri na Sojojin Chile, tare da Janar Manuel Contreras a matsayin shugabanta kuma Raúl Iturriaga a matsayin mataimakin darakta, wanda ya tsere daga shari'a a shekara ta 2007. Ya zama sashin gudanarwa mai zaman kansa a watan Yunin 1974 a karkashin dokar # 521.

DINA ta ci gaba da wanzuwa har zuwa 1977 lokacin da aka sake masa suna Cibiyar Bayanai ta Kasa (CNI).

## Manyan masu keta haƙƙin ɗan adam
Tun da take hakkin dan adam a lokacin mulkin soja ya dace da manufofin jihar, yawan mutanen da ke cikin waɗannan ayyukan a matsayin marubuta, masu shiga tsakani, ko kayan haɗi suna da yawa. Duk da yake yana da wahala a tantance ainihin adadin su, an kiyasta ya wuce daruruwan. Kimanin mutane sittin ne kotunan Chile suka yanke musu hukunci.
 

## Dubi kuma

* An tilasta bacewar mutane a Chile
* Gidan 29

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

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