Gidan wasan Ivan Franko National Academic Drama Theater

**Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ivan Franko National Academy Drama Theatre** ( *Націона́льний академі́чний драмати́чний теа́тр і́мені Іва́на Франка́* ) da ke birnin Kiev an kafa shi a cikin shekarar 1920. Yana  taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin al'adun mutanen Ukraine. Fitattun kwararru na gaske sun yi aiki a nan gida kuma suna ci gaba da faranta wa magoya bayan su rai 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, masu gudanarwa, mawaƙa, masu zane-zane.  Ayyukansu sun dangane ne akan al'adun gargajiya na ƙasa da na duniya. Ana iya kallon wasan kwaikwayo duka a kan babban mataki kuma a cikin ɗakin. Kowace wasan kwaikwayon duniya ce daban, hanyoyi daban-daban na mafita na fasaha, da Samfuran da ba a saba gani ba. Bohdan Benyuk, Anatoly Khostikoev, Ostap Stupka, Natalia Sumskaya aiki a kan mataki na wannan wasan kwaikwayo.

## Gabaɗaya bayanai da tarihi

An kafa gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ivan Franko a Vinnytsia a cikin shekarar 1920 da wasu 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Matasan gidan wasan kwaikwayo, karkashin jagorancin Hnat Yura, da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na New Lviv Theater, jagorancin Ambrosiy Buchma. Mawaka sun haɗu kuma suka kirkiro ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo mai suna Ivan Franko New Drama Theatre, wanda Hnat Yura ke jagoranta.

An bude gidan wasan kwaikwayo tare da wasan kwaikwayon "The Sin" na Volodymyr Vynnychenko a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 1920, kuma an yi wasanni 23 a lokacin kakar.

Tushen ayyukan farko shine wasan kwaikwayo na Matashin gidan wasan kwaikwayo: "Flooded Bell" na Gerhart Hauptmann, "Molodist" na M. Galbe, " Oedipus Rex " na Sophocles . Volodymyr Vynnychenko, da ya kalli wasan kwaikwayo na Hnat Yura a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na matasa, ya kawo masa wasan kwaikwayo "Zunubi" don samarwa. Yura ne ya samar da wasan a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na matasa, kuma daga baya shi ne wasan farko a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ivan Franko. Af, a farkon kakar wasan kwaikwayo na wanzuwar, yawancin wasan kwaikwayon wasan kwaikwayon V. Vynnychenko ya rubuta. A lokaci guda kuma, an shirya ɗayan sabbin abubuwan samarwa, Pierre Beaumarchais 's " Aure na Figaro ". A wannan yanayin, Yura ya kasance mai fassara, darekta kuma jagora. Tun daga farkon ranar 27 ga Agusta, 1920, wannan wasan kwaikwayon ya kasance koyaushe a cikin repertoire na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Franko har tsawon shekaru goma sha uku.

Tunawa da wadanda suka kafa Ivan Franko Theater, wani lokacin sun manta cewa wannan wasan kwaikwayo ya samo asali ne daga matasa mawaka: Hnat Yura yana da shekaru 32, matarsa Olha Rubchakivna - 17, Ambrosiy Buchma, Oleksiy Vatulya - 29, Feodosia Barvinska - 22.

Gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya shafe shekarunsa na farko na kasancewarsa ta hanyar kayatar da mutanen birane da ƙauyuka na tsakiyar Ukraine. Wani tabbataccen hujja a cikin gwagwarmayar rayuwa shine wasan kwaikwayon Hnat Yura a farkon "Aure na Figaro" a Vinnytsia, wanda ya samu halartar wakilan gwamnatin UPR.  Ya bayyana cewa babu gidan wasan kwaikwayo guda ɗaya da zai iya kasancewa a ƙarƙashin yanayin da aka ƙirƙira don gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Franko, kuma kawai sha'awar aiki da sadaukarwa mai ban mamaki ga wurin ya ceci gidan wasan kwaikwayo. A wannan lokacin, duk da kowa da kowa, Gnat Yura yana aiki akan "Lorenzacchio" na de Musset, farkon "Rijin Tumaki" na Lope de Vega ya faru, sun ci gaba da yin maimaita "Waƙar daji" na Lesya Ukrainka, kuma har yanzu suna nan. yawon shakatawa. . .

A wani lokaci gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya koma Donbass. Daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa gidan wasan kwaikwayo, mai zane Matthew Drak ya taimaka da yawa kamar yadda ba a taɓa gani ba. Daga 1920 zuwa 1949, Gnat Yura da Matthew sun yi wasanni da yawa. Hazakarsa na mai zane-zane, zurfin ilimi da ma'anar filin wasan kwaikwayo musamman ya zama mai amfani a cikin matsanancin yanayi na shekaru goma na farko na kasancewar haɗin gwiwa. Mutum zai iya tunanin yadda da kuma inda 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ke tafiya ta cikin ma'adinai, masana'antu da ma'aikata tare da wani reshe wanda ya ƙunshi "Waƙar daji", "Rijiyar Tumaki", "A kasa", "Haydamaky" da "Auren Figaro". na tsawon watanni shida a kan waƙoƙi, har ma da ƙafa. Daya daga cikin wasanni na play "Forest song" a Gorlovka ya wajen na musamman. An yi wasan kwaikwayon a cikin wani katon wurin shakatawa, a rana mai tsananin zafi, ba tare da wani yanayi ba, ’yan wasan kwaikwayo na sanye da kayan wasan kwaikwayo ne kawai da Matthew Drake ya kirkira. Koyaya, yawon shakatawa na Donbass shine ƙwarin gwiwa don yin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Franko gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Jiha na SSR na Ukrainian kuma ya koma babban birnin Ukraine, Kharkiv, a 1923.

Lesia Ukrainka 's "Forest song", Mykola Gogol 's "Government Inspector", Anatoliy Lunacharsky 's "The Flames", George Bernard Shaw 's " Saint Joan ", Mykola Kulish "97" suna daga cikin mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo. na wadancan shekarun.

A lokacin rani na 1926, gidan wasan kwaikwayon ya koma Kyiv a dalilin shawarar da gwamnati ta yanke, yayin da Berezil gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya tashi daga Kyiv zuwa Kharkiv. Tun 1926, gidan wasan kwaikwayo yana aiki a cikin ginin tsohon gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Solovtsov.

A cikin 1920-1930s, muhimman jaruman gidan wasan kwaikwayon sun kasance kamar haka: Ambrosiy Buchma, Natalia Uzhvy, Yuri Shumsky, Anna Borysoglebska, Dmytro Milyuttenko, Viktor Dobrovolsky, Polina Njatko, Kateryna Osmylovska, Yevhen Ponomarenko, Petrola, Mykola, Mykola, Milyuttenko. Bratersky, Oleksandr Romanenko da sauransu. An samar da wadannan ƙwararrun ƙwararrun al'adun gargajiya na ƙasa da na duniya: "Aure na Figaro" na Beaumarchais, " Kasadar Sojan Bright Schweik " na Jaroslav Hašek, "Bauta" na I. Karpenko-Kariy, " Don Carlos " na Friedrich Schiller, " Boris Godunov " na Alexander Pushkin .

Daga farkon tsakiyar 1930s, gidan wasan kwaikwayo, kamar sauran kungiyoyi, kusan gaba ɗaya ya canza zuwa wasan kwaikwayo na farfagandar jigogi na Soviet. Akwai wasa na gargajiya guda ɗaya kawai a tsakanin samarwa 13 da aka shirya a cikin 1930–34. Jin cewa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo na iya rasa abin da aka bunkasa tsawon shekaru, a cikin 1933 Hnat Yura ya juya zuwa daya daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi so wanda ya ceci gidan wasan kwaikwayo a lokacin wahala, "Aure na Figaro". Ya taka rawar Figaro. Sau da yawa, watsi da nasa sha'awa da sha'awar a matsayin darektan, kokarin fadada m kewayon wasan kwaikwayo, Yura gayyace sauran darektoci don samar da plays: a 1937 Boris Sushkevich ya samar da bala'i "Boris Godunov" Pushkin; a 1939, V. Vilner ya shirya "The Last Victim" na Alexander Ostrovsky . A cikin lokacin bikin cika shekaru 20 na kafuwar gidan wasan kwaikwayo, Yura ya samar da almara "Farin Ciki" na I. Franko. A 1946, Konstantin Khokhlov ya bayyana wasan kwaikwayo na Anton Chekhov zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ukrainian, inda ya nuna " The Cherry Orchard " a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Franko.

Shirye-shiryen gargajiya sun ci gaba da ceto gidan wasan kwaikwayon daga lalacewa: Yura yana aiki akan sabbin nau'ikan "Martin Borulli", "Auditor", "Shvejk", wanda ya kasance mascot tun 1928. Abin tunawa a wurin shakatawa kusa da gidan wasan kwaikwayo yana dawwama ga Gnat Yura's Svejk.

1940 - gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya sami lakabi na ilimi.

1941-1944 - kamfanin ya yi aiki, yayin da aka maida ta zuwa Semipalatinsk da Tashkent .

B. Nord, B. Tyagn, B. Balaban, V. Vasiliev, M. Kruchelnytsky, V. Ivchenko, V. Gakkebusch ya yi aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo a lokacin yakin basasa; V. Ogloblin, V. Krainichenko, V. Kharchenko - tun daga 1950s; D. Aleksidze, V. Sklyarenko, D. Lyzogub, B. Meshkis, O. Barseghyan, D. Tchaikovsky, P. Morozenko, S. Korkoshko - tun daga 1960s, S. Smiyan da sauransu - tun daga 1970s. Hotunan faifai da hanyoyin kida na wasan kwaikwayo sun kasance a al'adance kuma sun kasance ƙwaƙƙwaran aikin ƙirƙirar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Franko. Waɗannan su ne ayyukan masu fasaha: M. Drak, V. Mellear, A. Petrytsky, D. Jagora, A. Aleksandrovich-Dochevsky (babban artist na wasan kwaikwayo), kazalika da waka daga mawaka kamar: N. Pruslin, Y. Mateus, I. Shamo, I. Post, L. Revutsky, O. Bilash, M. Skoryk da sauransu.

A cikin 1978-2001, Serhiy Danchenko ke jagorantan gidan wasan kwaikwayon. A wannan lokacin, Bohdan Stupka, Bohdan Benyuk, Anatoliy Khostikoyev, Natalya Sumska, Larysa Kadyrova, Les Zadneprovsky, Alexei Bogdanovich, Iryna Doroshenko Vasiliy Mazur, Lyudmila Smorodina, Stanislav Stankevich, Mikhater Krauk, da dai sauransu. . "Tsoron haɗari yana haifar da matsakaicin fasaha, wannan haɗari ne, gidan wasan kwaikwayo rayayye ne, kuma babu abin da za a iya ceto ta hanyar bugun daji. Ba a buƙatar bayyanar cututtuka, ya kamata a yi wasan kwaikwayo. Su ne kawai manufa da hanyoyin ci gaba."

Serhiy Danchenko yayi biyayya ga waɗannan kalmomi kuma ya sami sakamako mai mahimmanci. Abubuwan da aka yi na farko sun sa mutane suyi magana game da farfadowa na Farkon Scene na Ukraine. A nan ya gabatar da mataki na Ukrainian zuwa wasan kwaikwayo na Friedrich Dürrenmatt, G. Ibsen, ya gabatar da ɗabi'a da kyau na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ukrainian A. Chekhov (a cikin 1980, wasan kwaikwayon " Uncle Vanya " ya sami lambar yabo ta Tarayyar Soviet )., akai-akai ya yi kira ga wasan kwaikwayo na William Shakespeare, ya sami daidai, cikin tsoro shigar da nau'i na karatun karatun na Mykola Khvylovy . Ya kama mutane da na kasa gidan wasan kwaikwayo kashi na Ivan Kotliarevsky ta "Eneida". Labarin Tevye da Milkman, wanda duk duniya ya saba da shi, ya sami matsayi na labarun duniya game da neman jituwa na kasancewa (Tevye-Tevel ta Sholem Aleichem 1993 - Taras Shevchenko National Prize na Ukraine ).

Tun daga farkon 1990s, gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya kasance suna daukan shirye-shiryensu a yanayin al'adun Turai - sunyi aiki a kasashen kamar Jamus, Austria, Girka, Italiya, Poland, Amurka, inda aikin mawallafin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Franko ya yi godiya kamar yadda ya kamata. kasance.

Tun 1992 - Myhailo Zakharevich ya zama Shugaba na gidan wasan kwaikwayo.

Dokar da shugaban kasar Ukraine ya bayar a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 1994, ya maida matsayin gidan wasan kwaikwayon na kasa.

Daga karshen 2001 zuwa 2012 gidan wasan kwaikwayon ya jagoranci Jarumin Jama'a na Ukraine Bogdan Stupka . Ci gaba da haɓaka al'adun da aka tsara ta magabata masu daraja - wanda ya kafa gidan wasan kwaikwayo G. Yura da kuma ɗan'uwan m S. Danchenko - Bohdan Stupka ya gabatar da sunayen, wanda ya kasance sabon abu ga Ukraine, zuwa ga repertoire, ciki har da litattafan gargajiya na Littattafan Ukrainian na G. Skovoroda ("Firmiya na Duniya"), G. Konysky ("Tagedo Comedy game da Tashin Matattu"); gabatar da tsohuwar al'adun Indiyawa ("Shyakundala" ta Kalidasa ), aikin gargajiya na Yaren mutanen Poland na karni na 20 S. Vitkevich ("Mama, ko Halittar da Ba a bayyana ba ..."); Ya kawo Sophocles da Fyodor Dostoevsky (" Oedipus Rex "" Brothers Karamazov ") a kan mataki. A ƙoƙarin faɗaɗa palette na zane-zane na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Franko, Stupka ya gayyace shi zuwa daraktoci masu gaba dayan ƙa'idodin fasaha. Daraktoci daga Rasha, Poland, Jojiya, da Kanada sun haɗa kai da gidan wasan kwaikwayo.

Gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya zama cikakken memba na Cibiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta kasa da kasa, don haka yana ba da gudummawa ga yaduwar al'adun wasan kwaikwayo ta Ukrainian a duniya.

“Kuma a yau ba mu da wani haƙƙin ɗabi’a da za mu tsallaka, mu shafe duk wani abu da masana wannan fage suka yi, amma akasin haka, dole ne mu cim ma abin da ba su yi ba. Makomar gidan wasan kwaikwayon mu a cikin shekaru 40, 50, 100 ya dogara akan mu, akan kowa da kowa. Yadda za a tuna da mu a wurin masu zuwa." B. Stupka

A ranar 19 ga Maris, 2012, an buɗe Scene Chamber, mai suna Sergyi Danchenko. A ranar 19 ga Oktoba, shekara ta 2013, an gina gunkin tunawa da mawaki (Volodymyr da Andriy Chepeliki su ne sculptors), kusa da Scene Chamber.

A lokacin daga 2012 zuwa 2017, darektan gidan wasan kwaikwayon shine Stanislav Moiseyev.

Ayau, babban darektan da kuma darektan gidan wasan kwaikwayo Myhailo Zakharevich (tun 2018), babban darektan - Dmutro Bogomazov (tun 2017). Daraktan Petro Ilchenko, Yuriy Odinoky, Andriy Prykhodko, Dmitry Chiropyuk, David Petrosyan suna aiki na cikakken lokaci a gidan wasan kwaikwayo.

Tun shekara ta 2004, an gudanar da bikin wasan kwaikwayo na kasa da kasa na wasan kwaikwayo na mata "Maria" a kowace shekara a cikin filin wasan kwaikwayo.

Gidan wasan kwaikwayo yana kusa da wurin shakatawa daura da titin Bankova .

## Repertoire da aka zaɓa
**1920** - "Sin" na V. Vinnichenko; G. Yura ya jagoranta. Wasan farko na wasan kwaikwayo a Vinnytsia a cikin

**1926** - "Viy" na N. Gogol. Na farko wasan kwaikwayo a kan mataki na tsohon gidan wasan kwaikwayo "Solovtsov" (Kiev)

**1934** - "Platon Krechet" na A. Korneychuk; Daraktan K. Koshevsky

**1940** - "In the Steppes of Ukraine" na A. Korneychuk; G. Yura ya jagoranta

**1942** - "Nazar Stodolya" na T. Shevchenko; Daraktan A. Buchma. Farkon samar da wasan kwaikwayo a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo a Semipalatinsk a lokacin yaki da kuma ƙaura

**1942** - "Natalka-Poltavka" na I. Kotlyarevsky; Daraktan A. Buchma. Stad a Semipalatinsk a lokacin yakin da kuma ƙaura daga

**1946** - "The Cherry Orchard" na A. Chekhov; Daraktan K. Khokhlov

**1961** - "The Pharaohs" na A. Kolomiyets; directed by I. Kaznadiy. An gudanar da wasan kwaikwayon sau 2000 tare da cikakkun gidaje

**1965** - "Antigone" na Sophocles; Daraktan D. Alexidze

**1978** - "Macbeth" na W. Shakespeare; director S. Smeyan

**1979** - "Stolen Happiness" na I. Franko; director S. Danchenko

**1989** - "Tevye-Tevel" na G. Gorin; Daraktan S. Danchenko, D. Chiripyuk

**1999** - "Schweik" na J. Hasek; Daraktan Miroslav Grinishin, A. Zholdak-Tobilevich

**1999** - "Kin IV" na G. Gorin; Daraktan A. Hostikoyev

**2003** - Sophocles 'Oedipus Rex; R. Sturua ya jagoranta

**2004** - "The Brothers Karamazov" na F. Dostoevsky; wanda Yu. Kadai ya bada umurni

**2007** - "Iyalin Kaidashev" na I. Nechuy-Levitsky; Daraktan P. Ilchenko

**2007** -"The Lion and the Lioness" na Irena Koval; Daraktan S. Moiseev

**2010** - "The Greek Zorba" na N. Kazantzakis; darekta V. Malakhov

**2014** - "The Living Corpse" na L. Tolstoy; darekta Roman Marholia

## Daraktocin fasaha

* Hnat Yura - 1920-1964
* Marian Kruchelnitsky - 1954-1956
* Vasyl Kharchenko - 1956-1957
* Volodymyr Sklyarenko - 1962
* Yevhen Ponomarenko - Shugaban Hukumar Edita - 1965-1966
* Dmitry Aleksidze - 1966-1969
* Sergey Smiyan - 1970-1978
* Serhiy Danchenko - 1978-2001
* Bohdan Stupka - 2001-2012
* Stanislav Moiseyev - 2012-2017
* Myhailo Zakharevich - 2018-19
* Roza Sarkisyan - 2019. . .

## Ayyuka da tsari
Kowane gidan wasan kwaikwayo yana da wasan kwaikwayo wanda ya zama katin kasuwancinsa. A gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Franco, waɗannan su ne Ivan Kotlyarevsky's "Aeneid", Ivan Franko's "Farin Cikin Sata", da Friedrich Dürrenmatt's "Ziyarci Tsohuwar Lady". Idan ba tare da su ba, yana da wuya a yi la'akari da tarihin zamani na cibiyar. Gaba ɗaya, daya daga cikin manyan ayyuka na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Franko shine yin aiki tare da ayyukan gargajiya: Taras Shevchenko ( "Gaydamaki"), Ivan Kotlyarevsky ( "Natalka-Poltavka", "Moskal-charivnik"), Lesya Ukrainka ("Stone"). Jagora", "Forest Song") da sauransu. Duk da haka, daga matakin sa ne aka gabatar da masu kallo na Ukraine zuwa Classics na Duniya: "King Lear", "Alot of Noise in Vain" da "Macbeth" na William Shakespeare, "Boris Godunov" na Alexander Pushkin, "Bafiliste mai daraja" ta Molière, "Oedipus Tsar" na Sophocles, "Uncle Vanya" da "The Cherry Orchard" na Anton Chekhov.

Wasannin da aka yi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sune kamar haka: "Kaidash’s family" na I.Nechoyu-Levytsky, "A ranar Lahadi da safe, potion yana digging", "Duniya" ta O.Kobilyanska da "Crossroads" na I.Franko, "Idiot" ta hanyar. F. Dostoevsky, "Coriolan", "The Taming of the Stomach" da "Richard III" na William Shakespeare, "Frederick ko Boulevard na Laifuka" na E. Shmitt, "Greek Zorba" na N. Kazandzakis, Beaumarchais "The Aure na Figaro", "The Anthem of Democratic Youth" S. Zadana, A. Chekhov's "Seagull", "Morituri te salutant" bisa ga litattafan Stefanik, Peter Kwilter's "The incomparable", da Gregory Horin's" Kean IV ".

A halin yanzu, ayyukansu na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Franko ya ƙunshi wasanni kusan 40.

Ƙungiyoyin ƙirƙira na gidan wasan kwaikwayo sun haɗa da kamfanin ballet, ƙungiyar mawaƙa da ƙungiyar marubuta.

Ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo itace ake dauka a matsayin mafi mahimmanci a Ukraine, 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo su ne masu fasaha kamar Vasily Basha, Bohdan Benyuk, Alexey Bogdanovich, Anatoly Gnatyuk, Irina Doroshenko, Alexander Zadneprovsky, Vladimir Kolyada, Polina Lazova, Vasily Mazur, Peter Panchuk, Alexey Petukhov, Dmitry Rybalevsky, Lyudmila Smorodina, Ostap Stupka, Natalia Sumskaya, Anatoly Khostikoev, Galina Yablonskaya. 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Gidan yanar gizon hukuma