Amina Wadud

**Amina Wadood** (an haife ta a ranar  25, ga watan satumba shekara ta alif 1952) Musulma ce yar Amurka, mai ilimin Falsafa da ta mayar da hankali a kan tafsirin Alkur'ani mai girma (fassarar littafi mai tsarki da rubutu). 

Amina ta musulunta kuma ta himmatu ga batun jiƙungiyoyin lunci.Ta kasance cikin kungiyoyin fararen hula da dama da kuma yunkuri don inganta ka'idodin daidaito na mata a karkashin ka'idodin Musulunci.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Wadud an haife ta da suna Mary Teasley daga dangin Afirkawa-yan'Amurka a Bethesda, Maryland. Mahaifinta minista ne na Methodist. 

A shekarar  ta alif 1972, ta musulunta, yayin da wata daliba a Jami'ar Pennsylvania, wacce ta halarta daga 1970 zuwa 1975. Ta sauya sunan ta zuwa Amina Wadud bayan shekaru biyu.

## Karatu
A shekara ta 1975, Wadud ta sami digiri a jami'ar Pennsylvania tare da digiri na farko. 

Ta sami MA a Near Eastern Studies da Ph.D. a cikin Larabci da Nazarin Addinin Musulunci daga Jami'ar Michigan a shekarar 1988. A lokacin karatun digiri makaranta, ta yi karatu a Misira,ciki har da ci-gaba Larabci a American University a birnin Alkahira, da kuma nazarin Alkur'ani *da tafsirin* ( tafsirin ko addini fassarar) a Alkahira University, da kuma falsafa a Al-Azhar University.

## Aiki
Wadud ta kware ne akan karatun jinsi da na Kur’ani. 

Daga 1989 zuwa 1992, ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar farfesa a Karatun Alqur’ani a IIUM. Yayin da take can, ta buga rubutunta na *Qur'ani da Mace: Karatun Alƙur'ani mai girma daga Ra'ayin Mace* da haɗin gwiwar istersungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na Sisters a cikin Islama.  Ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suke amfani da littafin har yanzu a matsayin rubutu na asali na masu fafutuka da masana, amma an dakatar dashi a Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. 

A shekarar 1992, Wadud ta amince da matsayin Farfesa a Addini da Falsafa a Jami’ar ta Virginia. Ta yi ritaya a shekarar 2008, sannan ta dauki matsayin farfesa na ziyarar a Cibiyar Nazarin Addinin Addini da Cross na Jami’ar Gadjah Mada da ke Yogyakarta, Indonesia. 

Wadud ta yi magana a jami'o'i, kazalika da tsarin tattaunawa, tattaunawa tsakanin gwamnatoci da wadanda ba na gwamnati ba a duk faɗin Amurka, Gabas ta Tsakiya, kudu maso gabashin Asiya, Afirka da Turai. Kasancewarta na magana sun hada da babban jigon taken "Musulunci, Adalci, da Jinsi" a taron kasa da kasa na 2008 *Fahimtar Rikice-rikicen: Mabiyan Addinai*, Wanda aka gudanar a Jami'ar Aarhus, Denmark; takarda mai taken "Islama *Na Iya Zaman Lafiya Ta Hanyar Hadin* Gwiwar Cikakken Alkur'ani" a *Musawah na* 2009 *- Adalci da Adalci a cikin* taron *Iyali* ; Taron Yanki game da Inganta Nasihu Jinsi da karfafawa Mata a cikin Kungiyoyin Musulmi, wanda Asusun Raya Al'umma na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNIFEM) da Cibiyar Addinin Musulunci da Pluralism (ICIP) suka gabatar a Jakarta, Indonesia, a cikin Maris 2009;  bita game da "Sharia da 'yancin ɗan adam" a Jami'ar Bergen, Norway a ƙarshen Nuwamba 2009;  laccoci na jama'a mai taken "Matan Musulmai da Adalcin Jinsi: Hanyoyi, Hankali da ma'anar" ga Kwalejin Arts, Cibiyar Asiya, a Jami'ar Melbourne, Ostiraliya a watan Fabrairu 2010; lacca kan "Tawhid da Ci gaba na Ruhaniya don zamantakewar zamantakewa" a cikin Musulmai don Ci gaban Matsayi a Makarantar Addini ta Pacific a Berkeley, California a Yuli 2011. 

Wadud ta kuma fito fili ta ba da sanarwar "jam'i" da "daidaito" azaman goyan baya ga 'yancin LGBTQ +.   

## Jayayya

### Kiran 1994
A watan Agusta shekara ta 1994, Wadood tsĩrar da wani Jumma'a xabi'a *Khutbah* (hadisin) a kan "Musulunci a matsayin tsunduma saranda" a Claremont Main Road Masallaci a Cape Town, Afirka ta Kudu .  Matan da suke isar da jawabi ma kafin gabatar da Khutbah ba su ji ba a duniyar Musulmai . An ba da labari sosai cewa an ruwaito Wadud ya kawo khutbah (wa'azin larabci na yau da kullun da aka kawo daga bagade), wanda ba ta ba (ta gabatar da babban magana - a cikin Ingilishi kuma ba daga bagade ba - duk da haka jawabin pre-khutbah magana ne ba wani bangare na bikin Juma'a na al'ada). Sakamakon haka, wasu musulmai sun yi ƙoƙarin neman a kore ta daga matsayinta a jami’ar Virginia Commonwealth . 

### Jagorancin Sallah a 2005
Fiye da shekaru goma bayan haka, Wadud ya yanke shawarar jagorantar sallar Juma'a ( *[[Sallah|salat]]* ) ga ikilisiya a Amurka, wanda ya karya da dokokin Musulunci, wanda ya ba da damar limamai limamai (shugabannin addu'o'i) a cikin majami'u masu jinsi. (Duba Mata a matsayin limamai don tattaunawa kan batun. ) Ranar Juma'a 18 ga Maris 2005, Wadud ya zama jagora a matsayin limami ga majami'ar mata kusan 60 da maza 40 suna zaune tare, ba tare da bambancin jinsi ba. Wata mata, Suheyla El-Attar ce ta yi kiran salla . Tawagar ta 'Yan Matan Musulmai ta' Yanci, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Asra Nomani, ta yanar gizo Muslim WakeUp !, da kuma membobin ƙungiyar ungiyar musulmai masu ci gaba .  Dayawa daga cikin masu zanga-zangar sun hallara a waje domin yin sallar. 

An gudanar da wannan taron ne a Gidan Taro, mallakinsa da kuma kusa da Cibiyar Episcopal Cathedral na St. John the Divine, a Manhattan's Morningside Heights, bayan masallatai uku sun ki karbar bakuncin sabis din kuma Dandalin Sundaram Tagore ya janye tayin sa bayan barazanar bam.  Wadud ta ce yayin da ta fara son gabatar da addu’ar a wuri mai tsaka tsaki, amma bayan barazanar bam din, ta yanke hukunci kan cocin, ba don yin furuci ba, amma saboda tana son gudanar da addu’o’in ne a wuri mai tsarki.  Ta ce, "Bana son canja masallatan musulmai. Ina so in karfafa zukatan musulmai, a cikin al'amuransu na jama'a, da masu zaman kansu da al'adunsu, su yarda cewa sun yi daidai. 

#### Martani
Aikin ɗinyin addu'ar ya haifar da jayayya, tare da haɗuwa da rahusa daga al'ummar Musulmi.  Maza da mata sama da 100 ne suka halarci addu’o’in, kuma kusan mutane 15 sun yi zanga-zanga a wajen cocin.   

Sheikh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi na Qatar ya bayyana cewa, yayin da wata mace ta iya kai wasu mata da kuma ko da yiwu ta matasa da yara a cikin *[[sallah]]*, ta iya ba kai a gauraye ƙungiyar ciki har da maras waɗanda ba muharramansu ba maza. Sheikh Sayyid Tantawi na masallacin Al-Azhar na Alkahira ya soki addu'ar a jaridar *Al-Ahram ta* Masar cewa: "Idan ta jagoranci maza a cikin salla, a wannan yanayin, ba daidai bane a gare su su kalli macen da jikinta yake a gabansu. . "  

Wasu masana ilimin addinin musulinci sun goyi bayan Wadud. Gamal al-Banna, masanin ilimin Masar ya bayar da hujjar cewa, dalilan musulinci ne ke tallafa mata ayyukanta.  Mawallafi kuma malamin Makaranta na Harvard Divinity Leila Ahmed ta ce ta jawo hankali ga batun mata a cikin Islama. Malami malamin Islama Ebrahim EI Moosa ya kira addu'ar "gagarumin motsawa".  Khaled Abou El-Fadl, malamin Nazarin Addinin Islama a UCLA, California ya ce: "Abin da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ke damuwa da su shine cewa za a sami sakamako mai kyau ba kawai a Amurka ba amma a duk faɗin duniyar Musulmi. Matan da aka koya musu da takaici da ba za su iya zama Imam ba, za su ga wani ya sami zage-zage ya karya mukaman sa kuma ya aikata su. "  

Saboda Wadud ta ce ta zama barazanar kisa, 'yan sanda da maigidanta, suna tsoron kariyar ta da mayar da martani game da damuwar da iyayen suka yi game da amincin yaransu, sun nemi ta gudanar da karatuttukan ta daga gida ta hanyar bidiyo .  A hirarta ta farko bayan sallar, Wadud ya musanta karbar barazanar kisa kuma ya bayyana su da matsayin kafofin yada labarai.  

Wadud ta ci gaba tare da yin jawabinta na yin magana da kuma jagorantar aiyukan sallar juma'a masu hade da juna. A ranar 28 ga Oktoba, 2005, bayan jawabinta a babban taron kasa da kasa game da Feminism Islamic in Barcelona, Spain, an gayyace ta ta jagoranci wata majami'un mutane kusan talatin.  Sakamakon gayyatar da Cibiyar Ilimi Musulmi na Oxford ta gabatar, ta jagoranci sallar auratayya a kasar Burtaniya, duk da cewa Musulmai da ke shirin halartar sun kasance suna fuskantar barazanar cewa za su yi watsi da limamai masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ta hanyar ziyartar masallatai.  

### 2013 rigima a Jami'ar Madras
Wadud zata gabatar da lacca a ranar 29 ga Yulin 2013 kan 'Jinsi da Canji a Islama' a Jami'ar Madras da ke Chennai, India. An soke karatuttukan da aka shirya saboda 'yan sanda sun kawo damar yin amfani da doka tare da ba da umarni ga matsaloli a saboda adawa da ƙungiyoyin Musulmi.  SM Syed Iqbal, sakatare janar na Indiya Towheed Jamad, ta ce ta zo tare da goyon bayan gwamnatin Amurka kuma tana ba da ra'ayin da ake kira ci gaban da ya sabawa ka'idojin addinin Musulunci, kuma cewa kayanta za su yi zanga-zanga a gaban wuraren wasannin. an ba ta damar magana.  

## Kyaututtuka
A cikin 2007, Wadud ta karbi kyautar Demokradiyya ta Danish.     

## Rayuwarta
Amina Wadud tana da 'ya'ya biyar da jikoki uku.  Tana zaune a Oakland, California . 

## Bayyana a labarai
Wadud ta kasance mai ba da shawara ga shirin fim na *Muhammad: Gano Annabi* (2002) wanda Gidauniyar Hadin kai ta Unityungiyar Halittu ta samar da kuma watsa shirye-shirye akan PBS . 

An yi hira da Wadud ta rediyon WNYC a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2006, don tattaunawa kan littafinta *<nowiki/>'Inuwa da Jihad* . Ta amsa tambayoyi da sharhi game da sauran ayyukan da suka haɗa da mata cikin hidimar sallar juma'a da aka haɗa.  

A shekara ta 2007, Wadud ya kasance batun shirin fim ɗin Iran-Dutch, Elli Safari, wanda ake kira " *The Noble Struggle of the Amina Wadud* ".  

## Zaɓaɓɓun littaf

* Wadud, Amina (1999). Alkur’ani da mace suna karatun alƙur’ani daga hangen nesa na mace . New York: Jami'ar Oxford. ISBN    Wadud, Amina (1999).   Wadud, Amina (1999).  
* Wadud, Amina (2006). A cikin Jihad din jinsi: gyaran mata a Musulunci . Oxford: Dunkulalliya. ISBN    Wadud, Amina (2006).   Wadud, Amina (2006).   Ya ci gaba da binciken Kur'ani na Wadud kuma yana ba da cikakkun bayanai game da abubuwan da ta samu a matsayinta na Musulma, matar, uwa, 'yar uwa, masanin ilimi, da gwagwarmaya. 

### Babobi a cikin littattafai

* Wadud, Amina (2005), "Citizenship and faith",  in Friedman, Marilyn (ed.), Women and citizenship,Studies in Feminist Philosophy,Oxford New York: Oxford University Press,pp.170–187,ISBN 9780195175356.

     == Duba kuma ==

* Asma Barlas 
* Asma Lamrabet 
* Fatema Mernissi 
* Ziba Mir-Hosseini 
* Azizah Y. al-Hibri 
* Hada Masallaci Tsarkaka.

## Karin karatu

* Lichter, Ida (2009). Muslim women reformers : inspiring voices against oppression. Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books. ISBN 1591027160.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗin waje

* Amina Wadud , Cibiyar Nazarin Hadin Kai ta California 
* Tattaunawa da Amina Wadud, "Musulmai" na *Frontline* 
* Hirar Amina Wadud, Halal Monk 
* Asalin A'ishah da Amina Wadud ta buga a mujallar *New Internationalist* (Baiti na 345, Mayu 2002) 

## Early life

Wadud an haife ta Mary Teasley a Bethesda, Maryland . Mahaifinta ministan Methodist ne. Tare da mahaifinta ta halarci Maris a Washington tare da Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King a shekarar alif 1963. Wannan itace karo na farko data haɗu da addini a matsayin motsawa don adalci da daidaito.

A shekara ta alif 1972, ya tuba zuwa addinin Musulunci, yayin da take daliba a Jami'ar Pennsylvania, wacce ta halarta daga shekarar alif 1970 zuwa shekarata alif 1975.  Ta canza sunanta bisa doka tare da mijinta na lokacin kuma daga ƙarshe ta riƙe 'amina wadud' a matsayin sunanta, wanda ta zaɓi rubuta ba tare da manyan haruffa ba.