Howard H. Aiken

**Howard Hathaway Aiken** (Maris 8, 1900 - Maris 14, 1973) ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi ne na Amurka kuma ƙwararren masani a fannin kwamfuta . Shi ne ainihin mai tsara ra'ayi wanda ya kafa Harvard Mark I na IBM, kwamfuta ta farko da za a iya tsara ta a Amurka.  

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Aiken a ranar 8 ga Maris, 1900, a Hoboken, New Jersey, ga Daniel Aiken, wanda ya fito daga dangin Indiana masu arziki da kuma waɗanda suka kafa, da Margaret Emily Mierisch, waɗanda iyayensu 'yan asalin Jamus ne.  Ya girma a Indianapolis inda ya kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Fasaha ta Arsenal a 1919.  Aiken ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Wisconsin–Madison inda ya sami digirinsa na BS a fannin injiniyan lantarki a 1923. Daga baya ya sami digirinsa na MA da na Ph.D. a fannin kimiyyar lissafi daga Jami'ar Harvard a 1937 da 1939, bi da bi.  Yayin da yake aiki kan sarrafa wutar lantarki a cikin bututun iska a lokacin, ya ci karo da daidaito daban-daban waɗanda zai iya warwarewa ta hanyar lambobi kawai.  Da wahayi daga injin Charles Babbage, ya yi hasashen na'urar kwamfuta ta lantarki wadda za ta iya yi masa aiki mai wahala. Asalin sunan wannan kwamfuta an kira ta ASCC (Atomatik Sequence Controlled Calculator) sannan daga baya aka sake masa suna zuwa Harvard Mark I. Tare da injiniyanci, gini, da kuma kuɗaɗen da IBM ta bayar, an kammala aikin kuma an sanya shi a Harvard a watan Fabrairun 1944.  Richard Milton Bloch, Robert Campbell da Grace Hopper sun shiga aikin daga baya a matsayin masu shirye-shirye.  A shekarar 1947, Aiken ya kammala aikinsa a kwamfutar Harvard Mark II . Ya ci gaba da aikinsa a kan Mark III da Harvard Mark IV . Mark III ya yi amfani da wasu kayan lantarki kuma Mark IV na lantarki ne. Mark III da Mark IV sun yi amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar gangar maganadisu, Mark IV kuma yana da ƙwaƙwalwar maganadisu .

Aiken ya sami digirin girmamawa a Jami'ar Wisconsin, Jami'ar Jihar Wayne da Technische Hochschule, Darmstadt . An zaɓe shi a matsayin Fellow na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a 1947.  Ya sami lambar yabo ta Ranar Injiniyan Injiniya na Jami'ar Wisconsin-Madison a 1958, lambar yabo ta tunawa da Harry H. Goode a 1964, lambar yabo ta Golden Plate ta Kwalejin Nasara ta Amurka a 1965,  lambar yabo ta John Price Wetherill a 1964, da kuma lambar yabo ta IEEE (Cibiyar Injiniyoyi da Lantarki) Edison a 1970 "Domin aikin da ya yi na bayar da gudummawa ga ci gaba da amfani da manyan kwamfutocin dijital da muhimman gudummawa ga ilimi a fannin kwamfuta na dijital."

Baya ga aikinsa a jerin Mark, wani muhimmin gudummawar da Aiken's ya bayar ita ce gabatar da shirin digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta a Harvard a shekarar 1947, kusan shekaru goma kafin shirye-shiryen su fara bayyana a wasu jami'o'i. Wannan ya zama wurin farawa ga masana kimiyyar kwamfuta na gaba, wadanda da yawa daga cikinsu suka yi digirin digirgir a karkashin Aiken.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Howard Aiken ya yi aure sau uku: ga Louise Mancill a watan Yunin 1937, sannan daga baya ga Agnes Montgomery, sannan daga ƙarshe ga Mary McFarland. Yana da 'ya'ya biyu; ɗaya da matarsa ta farko, ɗaya kuma da matarsa ta biyu.

Howard Aiken kuma Kwamanda ne a Ma'aikatar Tsaron Sojojin Ruwa ta Amurka . 

Bayan ya yi ritaya yana da shekaru 60 zuwa Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Aiken ya ci gaba da bayar da gudummawarsa ga fasaha. Ya kafa Howard Aiken Industries Incorporated, wanda kamfani ne na ba da shawara wanda ke taimaka wa kasuwancin da suka durkushe su murmurewa. A lokacin shekarunsa a Florida, ya shiga Jami'ar Miami a matsayin Farfesa Mai Daraja a fannin Bayanai. Bugu da ƙari, Aiken ya zama mai ba da shawara ga kamfanoni kamar Lockheed Martin da Monsanto . A safiyar ranar 14 ga Maris, 1973, Aiken ya mutu a cikin barcinsa yayin ziyarar ba da shawara zuwa St. Louis, Missouri .   Wacece matarsa, Mary, ta mutu a shekarar 2013.

## Duba kuma

* Lambar Aiken
* Jerin manyan masana kimiyyar kwamfuta

## Manazarta