Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam (Philippines)

**Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam** (Filipino: Komisyon ng Karapatang Pantao) (CHR) ofishin tsarin mulki ne mai zaman kansa wanda aka kirkira a karkashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 1987 na Philippines, tare da aikin farko na binciken duk nau'ikan take hakkin dan adam da suka shafi 'yancin farar hula da na siyasa a Philippines.

Shugaban hukumar José W. Diokno, wanda fitaccen lauya ne kuma uban kare hakkin dan adam a kasar, ya fara kafa kwamitin kuma ya jagoranci shi, wanda aka sanya wa dajin dake kewayen hedikwatar da ake kira Liwasang Diokno (Diokno Freedom Park) sunan sa. Diokno kuma ya kafa babbar hanyar sadarwa ta haƙƙin ɗan adam mai suna Free Legal Assistance Group (FLAG). Bugu da kari, zauren da ke cikin harabar gidan ana kiransa Bulwagang Ka Pepe ko kuma dakin Ka Pepe, wanda ke dauke da wani guntu mai sassaka da katafaren bango na marigayi Sanata.

CHR ta kunshi shugaban da mambobi hudu. Kwamishinoni suna da wa'adin shekaru bakwai ba tare da sake nada su ba. Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Philippines ya buƙaci cewa yawancin mambobin hukumar dole ne su zama lauyoyi. A matsayinta na Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Kasa, Hukumar tana jin daɗin Matsayi A ko kuma mafi girman izini ta Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions bisa ga Ka'idodin Paris na 1993.  An sanar da shi a ranar 1 ga Yuli cewa CHR za ta fara karɓar korafe-korafe na kan layi don sauƙaƙa da sauƙin isa ga Filipinos don neman taimako daga CHR. Tashar za ta fara aiki tun daga ranar 1 ga Yuli 2024, tana nuna gagarumin ci gaba a cikin isar da ayyukan kare hakkin dan adam a kasar.

## Tarihi

A ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, 1986, Shugaba Ferdinand Marcos ya sanya hannu kan Dokar Shugaban kasa No. 2036 wanda ya kirkiro *Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam* tare da Mataimakin Shugaban kasa zama shugaban kasa da Firayim Minista a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaba kuma za a haɗa shi da Ofishin Shugaban kasa don jagora da daidaitawa.  Wannan dokar, wacce ita ce dokar shugaban kasa ta ƙarshe da Marcos ya bayar ba a aiwatar da ita ba yayin da ya gudu zuwa Amurka kwanaki bayan haka kuma Corazon Aquino ya maye gurbinsa ta hanyar juyin juya halin EDSA People Power Revolution. Kusan wata daya bayan haka, a ranar 18 ga Maris, 1986, sannan Shugaba Aquino ta hanyar Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 'Yanci na 1986, ya sanya hannu kan Dokar Zartarwa No. 8 ta kirkiro *Kwamitin Shugaban kasa kan 'Yancin Dan Adam*.  Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan da aka gabatar a cikin wannan umarnin zartarwa shine ikon da PCHR ta bayar da subpoenas da subpoenes duces tecum wanda ke jagorantar kowane mutum ya halarta kuma ya ba da shaida a duk wani sauraron da PCHR ke gudanarwa.

### Halitta
Bayan amincewa da kundin tsarin mulkin kasar Philippines na shekarar 1987 a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 1987, wanda ya tanadi kafa hukumar kare hakkin dan Adam, sannan shugaba Aquino, ya sanya hannu kan dokar zartarwa mai lamba 163 a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 1987, inda ya kafa hukumar kare hakkin dan Adam tare da soke kwamitin shugaban kasa kan hakkin dan Adam. An kafa hukumar ne a matsayin wani ofishi mai zaman kansa wanda aka ba shi damar gudanar da bincike kan korafe korafe na take hakkin dan Adam, inganta kariya, mutuntawa da kuma inganta hakokin jama'a da suka hada da 'yancin jama'a da na siyasa.&#x5B;**&#x5D;

### Gwamnatin Duterte
A ranar 24 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2017, a lokacin jawabinsa na Jihar (SONA), shugaban kasar Philippines Rodrigo Duterte ya ce an "kawar da kwamiti mafi kyau".  CHR ta amsa a cikin wata sanarwa cewa kawai canji ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 1987 zai iya kawar da shi. 

A yammacin ranar 12 ga , , Majalisar Wakilai ta Philippines ta kada kuri'a 119-32 don ba da CHR kasafin kuɗi na 1,000 kawai don dukan shekara ta 2018 a kan motsi na wakilin jam'iyyar SAGIP Rodante Marcoleta, &quot: [./Commission_on_Human_Rights_(Philippines)#cite_note-11 [1] wanda, idan aka sanya doka, zai soke hukumar yadda ya kamata.  An ruwaito cewa hukumar ta nemi Majalisa ta ba da kasafin kuɗi na 623,380,000, kuma ta yi Allah wadai da kuri'ar. Ya zuwa 13 ga Satumba 2017 ba a kammala kasafin kudin ba kuma har yanzu ana fuskantar ƙarin gyare-gyare kafin amincewar Majalisar Dattijai ta Philippines da Shugaban kasa. Idan Majalisar Dattijai ta ki amincewa da kasafin kudin CHR da aka gabatar, irin wannan matakin zai haifar da kwamitin majalisa biyu wanda ya kunshi mambobi ne na gidaje biyu don warware rikicin. A ranar 25 ga watan Satumba, Majalisar ta amince da kuri'un 223-9 kasafin kudin karshe na P3.8 na 2018, wanda ya hada da miliyan 508.5 ga CHR.

### Gudanar da Marcos
A watan Yunin 2025, sabon shugaban ‘yan sanda na kasar Philippine Nicolas Torre ya kai wa hukumar ziyarar ban girma, inda ya tabbatar da sabon aikin sa ido kan hukumar ‘yan sanda ta CHR da bayyana cewa “CHR ita ce shugabanmu kan kare hakkin dan Adam". 

## Ayyuka da ayyuka

Hukumar tana samun ayyukanta ne daga Kundin Tsarin Mulki, dokokin cikin gida da suka dace, da kuma muhimman Kayayyakin Haƙƙin Bil Adama na Duniya guda takwas waɗanda Philippines jam’iyyar Jiha ce, da kuma sauran Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙin Bil Adama ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da aka fara aiwatar da su.

Karkashin sashe na 18, Mataki na XIII na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Philippines, gwamnati na da alhakin kare hakkin farar hula da na siyasa na 'yan kasar Philippines. Dangane da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Philippine, hukumar tana da babban aiki, wanda za a iya kasafta shi zuwa manyan fagage guda uku:

* Kare Hakkin Dan Adam - Bincike da gudanar da shari'o'i game da korafe-korafe na keta doka, gami da dukkan iko da ayyuka don taimakawa bincike, na 'yancin farar hula da na siyasa da kuma' yancin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa, da al'adu. Irin waɗannan iko da ayyuka sun haɗa da: ambaton raini don keta ka'idojin aikinta; taimakon shari'a da shawarwari; ikon ba da kyauta a kan kurkuku da wuraren tsare-tsare; aikace-aikacen dabarun bincike don taimakawa bincike; kariya ga shaidu; da, taimakon kuɗi ga waɗanda abin ya shafa 
* Inganta haƙƙin ɗan adam, wanda ya haɗa da dabarun da yawa don manufofi, shawarwari, gabatarwa, tattara jama'a, ilimi, horo, bayanan jama'a، sadarwa, bincike, sadarwar da haɗin kai 
* Shawarwarin Manufofin 'Yancin Dan Adam wanda aka samo daga sa ido kan bin yarjejeniyar da Philippines ta amince da ita: Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan' Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa (ICCPR), Yarjejeniyar Duniya kan' Yanayin Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a da Al'adu (ICESCR), Yarjejeniya kan Torturewa da Sauran Yanayi ko Hukuncin Rashin Hukunci (CAT), Yarjejeniyarsa kan Kayan Duk Hanyoyin Nuna Bambanci da Iyalai (CW), Yarjejeniyoyin Jama'a (C)  Wannan kuma ya haɗa da duk bangaren saka idanu da kimanta aikin zartarwa, majalisa, da shari'a don fassara ƙa'idodin haƙƙin ɗan adam na duniya zuwa manufofi, dokoki, da aiki na ƙasa.

Kotun Koli ta Philippines, a cikin Cariño v. Commission on Human Rights, 204 SCRA 483 (1991), ta bayyana cewa Hukumar ba ta da ikon yanke hukunci, kuma ta jaddada cewa ayyukanta na bincike ne da farko.

Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam tana da iko da ayyuka masu zuwa:

# Bincike, da kansa ko a kan korafi daga kowane jam'iyya, duk nau'ikan keta haƙƙin ɗan adam da suka shafi haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa da na siyasa
# Amincewa da jagororin aiki da ka'idojin tsari, kuma ya yi nuni da raina shi bisa ga Dokokin Kotun
# Bayar da matakan shari'a masu dacewa don kare haƙƙin ɗan adam na duk mutanen da ke cikin Philippines, da kuma Filipinos da ke zaune a ƙasashen waje, da kuma samar da matakan kariya da sabis na taimakon shari'a ga waɗanda ba su da dama waɗanda aka keta haƙƙin ɗanɗano ko suna buƙatar kariya
# Gudanar da ikon baƙi a kan kurkuku, kurkuku, ko wuraren tsare-tsare
# Kafa ci gaba da shirin bincike, ilimi, da bayanai don inganta girmamawa ga fifiko na haƙƙin ɗan adam
# Ba da shawarar ga Majalisa matakan da suka dace don inganta haƙƙin ɗan adam da kuma samar da diyya ga waɗanda aka keta haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa, ko iyalansu;
# Kula da bin ka'idodin yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kan 'yancin dan adam
# Ba da kariya daga gurfanar da shi ga duk wanda shaidarsa ko mallakar takardu ko wasu shaidu ya zama dole ko ya dace don tantance gaskiyar a duk wani binciken da ta gudanar ko a ƙarƙashin ikonta.
# Neman taimakon kowane sashen, ofishin, ofishin ko hukuma a cikin ayyukanta
# Na nada jami'anta da ma'aikatanta bisa ga doka
# Yi irin waɗannan ayyuka da ayyuka kamar yadda doka ta bayar 

## Rubuce-rubuce
Shugaban hukumar da kwamishinonin hukumar sun kayyade wa’adin shekaru bakwai wanda zai fara a ranar 5 ga watan Mayu.

cancanta ga shugaban CHR da kwamishinoni sune kamar haka: 

# Wani ɗan ƙasar Philippines ne wanda aka haifa;
# Akalla shekaru talatin da biyar; da kuma
# Bai kasance dan takara ba ga kowane matsayi na zaɓaɓɓu kafin nadin su.

## Rashin jituwa

### Matsayin shugaban kasa da kwamishinoni
A cikin wani taron manema labarai a ranar 27 ga Yuli, 2017, Kakakin Shugaban kasa Ernesto Abella ya yi iƙirarin cewa Shugaban CHR da kwamishinoninsa "suna aiki da yardar shugaban kasa" kuma ana iya maye gurbin su da yardar Shugaban kasa. Wannan da'awar ta dogara ne akan Dokar Zartarwa No. 163-A (wanda aka bayar a lokacin shugabancin Corazon Aquino a 1987) wanda ya gyara Sashe na 2, Sub-Paragraph (c na Dokar Zartaka No.163, yana mai cewa "Shugaba da membobin Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam za a nada su ta Shugaban kasa. Lokacin aikinsu a ofis zai kasance a cikin yardar Shugaban kasa" 

Duk da haka, an tambayi wannan umarnin zartarwa a Kotun Koli a cikin shari'ar: Bautista v. Salonga, G.R. No. 86439 ranar 13 ga Afrilu, 1989; wanda ya kai ga ayyana dokar zartaswa a matsayin wanda ya sabawa kundin tsarin mulki. Da yake magana daga hukuncin Kotun Koli, "Hakika, Kotun yana da matukar wahala a iya fahimtar yadda ofishin da tsarin mulki ya tsara kuma ya kirkiro shi don zama mai zaman kansa a matsayin Hukumar Kula da 'Yancin Dan Adam - kuma an ba shi aiki mai mahimmanci da mahimmanci na binciken take hakki na 'yancin ɗan adam, nuna alhakin da bayar da shawarar takunkumi da kuma matakan gyarawa don haka, zai iya aiki da gaske tare da 'yancin kai da kuma dogara ga ofishinsa. yardar shugaban kasa Umarni mai lamba 163-A, kasancewar ya saba wa wa'adin tsarin mulki na 'yancin kai ga hukumar kare hakkin dan adam dole ne a bayyana shi a matsayin wanda bai dace ba.

### CHR a matsayin kwamiti na kundin tsarin mulki
A karkashin sashe na IX na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 1987, an kafa kwamitocin tsarin mulki guda uku, wato: Hukumar Zabe (COMELEC), da Hukumar Kula da Ma’aikata (CSC), da Hukumar Kula da Audit (COA). Hukumar kare hakkin dan Adam (CHR), a daya bangaren, an kirkiro ta ne a karkashin Mataki na XIII, Sashe na 17 na kundin tsarin mulkin 1987 da kundin tsarin mulki na 1987. 

A cikin wani kuduri na Kotun Koli da ke kunshe a cikin Hukumar Kula da Ma’aikatan Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam da Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Bil’adama, G.R. No. 155336, ta yanke hukuncin cewa CHR shine .." Daga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 1987 da Tsarin Gudanarwa, ya bayyana sarai cewa CHR ba ta cikin rukunin kwamitocin tsarin mulki. .."

## Haɗin waje

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## Dubi kuma

* Cibiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta kasa, irin wannan cibiyoyin a wasu ƙasashe

## Bayanan da aka ambata