Freda Levson

**Winifred "Freda" May Levson** (an haife shi **MacDonald Troup** 21 Nuwamba 1911-7 Oktoba 2004) 'yar gwagwarmayar Afirka ta Kudu ne. Levson ta yi yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata a tsawon rayuwarta. Littafinta na 1950, *In Face of Fear: Kalubalen Michael Scott zuwa Afirka ta Kudu,* ya jawo hankalin jama'a game da batutuwan nuna wariyar launin fata a Afirka da kuma aikin Reverend Michael Scott.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Levson a Pretoria a ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamba 1911.  Har ta kai shekaru 13, ta halarci makaranta a Ingila kuma ta yi hutu a Scotland.  Ta ci gaba da karatun geography a St Hugh's College.  A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, ta ba da aikin sa kai a cikin wani jirgin ruwa da ya kai yaran da aka kwashe zuwa Afirka ta Kudu daga baya, ta zauna a can tare da danginta. 

Levson ta yi aiki tare da Reverend Michael Scott a shekarar 1946 kan halin da 'yan Namibiya ke ciki da sauran yakin neman 'yanci masu alaka. Levson ta ji cewa halin da mutanen Hereros ke ciki a Namibiya “harka ce ta gwaji” don wariyar launin fata.  A cikin shekarar 1948, ta ɗauki bayanan Scott daga Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kuma ta yi amfani da waɗannan don buga littafi, *In Face of Fear: Kalubalen Michael Scott zuwa Afirka ta Kudu* (1950).  Littafin ya ƙunshi hangen nesa na tarihi da hankali ga daki-daki game da aikin Scott bisa ga *The Age*.  Duk da haka, *The Observer* ya rubuta cewa littafin "rashin daidaituwa, ci gaba da daidaito."  Littafin ya jawo hankalin jama'a game da batun. 

Levson ta auri Leon Levson a farkon shekarun 1950 kuma ma'auratan sun koma Johannesburg.  Ta shiga cikin kaddamar da yaƙin neman zaɓe na 1952 kan rashin adalci a ƙarƙashin jagorancin jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC) da kuma African Indian Congress (SAIC).  Levson, ta shafe makonni huɗu a gidan yari, tare da Bettie du Toit, saboda shiganta.   Su ma matan biyu an ci tarar su. 

Levson ta taimaka wajen kula da kuɗaɗen Asusun Tsaro na Trial Defence na Afirka ta Kudu wanda ya taimaka wajen tallafawa kuɗaɗe na shari'a ga waɗanda ake zargi a lokacin gwajin cin amanar kasa na 1956. Levson kuma ya fara aiki tare da Congress Alliance a gudun hijira kuma ya yi aiki da Asusun Tsaro da Agaji na Duniya (IDAF).  Ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatariyar IDAF har zuwa shekara ta 1961, lokacin da mijinta ya yi rashin lafiya. 

A taƙaice, ita da mijinta sun ƙaura zuwa Malta don lafiyarsa, amma Leon Levson ya mutu a wannan shekarar.  Levson ta koma London kuma ya haɗu da Nelson Mandela a can a shekarar 1962. 

A shekara ta 1963, ta fara wani yunkuri na ƙaurace wa mai suna Playwrights Against Apartheid wanda ya karfafawa marubutan gwiwa su "janye haƙƙin yin ayyukansu a gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu."  Samuel Beckett ya shiga hannu kuma Ba a *sake yin Jiran Godot* ba a Afirka ta Kudu har zuwa shekara ta 1976 lokacin da ya buga wasan kwaikwayo na baki kamar Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Kasuwa, Johannesburg.  A tsakanin shekarun 1980 zuwa 1985 ta yi aiki a majalisar IDAF. 

Lokacin da aka kawo ƙarshen mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata, Levson ta ba da gudummawar takardunta ga Jami'ar Fort Hare. Ta samu sakon wayar tarho daga Mandela a bikin cikarta shekaru 90 da haihuwa, inda ya rubuta cewa zai rika tunawa da koƙarin da ta yi na yaki da wariyar launin fata.  Levson ta mutu a ranar 7 ga watan Oktoba 2004.

## Littattafan da aka zaɓa

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## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Maganar Freda Levson