open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Cueva del Milodón Natural Monument

**Cueva del Milodón Abin tunawa da Halittar Halittar Halitta** abin tunawa ne na Halitta da ke cikin Patagonia na Chile,   arewa maso yamma na Puerto Natales da  arewa da Punta Arenas .

Abin tunawa yana kusa da gefen Cerro Benitez .  Ya ƙunshi kogo da yawa da kuma wani dutse da ake kira *Silla del Diablo* (Kujerar Shaidan). Abin tunawa ya hada da wani kogon da aka gano a shekarar 1895 na fata, kasusuwa da sauran sassan ramin kasa mai suna *Mylodon darwini ,* wanda kogon ya dauki sunansa. Har ila yau, wani ɓangare ne na Ƙarshen Hanyar Duniya, hanyar yawon shakatawa mai kyan gani.

## Milodon Cave
Mafi girman kogo a cikin abin tunawa shine  Dogon Milodon Cave. Hermann Eberhard, dan Jamus mai binciken Patagonia ne ya gano shi a cikin 1895. Ya sami wata katuwar fatar dabbar da ba a tantance ba. A cikin 1896 Otto Nordenskjöld ya bincika kogon kuma daga baya an gane cewa fata na *Mylodon* ne - dabbar da ba ta da tushe wacce ta mutu shekaru 10,200-13,560 da suka wuce.

A cikin kogon da sauran kogon dutsen an gano ragowar sauran dabbobi da suka bace da kuma ragowar mutane.

A ƙofar abin tunawa akwai wani nau'in girman rayuwa na *Mylodon* na prehistoric, wanda ya kasance babban herbivore, mai ɗan kama da babban bear. Ya zama batattu a ƙarshen Pleistocene Epoch .

## Ragowar dabba
Sunan kogon ne bayan babban ramin kasa *Mylodon* wanda aka samu a wurin. Sauran dabbobin da aka samu a wurin sun hada da equine *Hippidion*, da saber-toothed cat *Smilodon* da babban raƙumi mai kama da *Macrauchenia* 

## Ragowar mutane
Ana samun abubuwa daban-daban na mazaunin ɗan adam  a Cueva del Milodón ciki har da dutsen da ya fashe da wuta, kayan aikin lithic da ragowar ɗan adam. An gina mazaunin ɗan adam a Cueva del Milodón a farkon 6000 BC . 
Fayil:Cueva_del_Milodon-CTJ-IMG_6807.jpg
Fayil:Cueva_del_Milodon-CTJ-IMG_6811.jpg
Fayil:Cueva_del_Milodon-CTJ-IMG_6809.jpg


## Panorama

## Manazarta
Jerin Windmills da Windpumps a Norfolk

Wannan jerin sunayen matattarar iska ne a cikin gundumar Ingila ta Norfolk. Wasu daga cikin injinan iska a wannan yanki suna samun kulawa daga Norfolk Windmills Trust.

## Wuraren da aka yi

### B

### C

### D - F

### G - H

### I - L

### M

### N - O

### P - R

### S

### T - W

## Taswirar

* 1749 Emanuel Bowen
* 1765 Corbridge
* 1775 Bowles
* 1783 Joseph Hodgkinson 
* 1797 Faden
* 1826 Bryant
* 1834 Greenwood
* Binciken Ordnance na 1837
* Binciken Ordnance na 1838
* 1884 Binciken Ordnance

## Bayani
Mills a cikin m har yanzu suna tsaye, sanannun kwanakin ginin ana nuna su da ƙarfi.  Rubutu a cikin rubutun yana nuna cewa ba a tabbatar da bayanin ba, amma ana iya faɗi haka.

## Tushen
Sai dai idan an nuna in ba haka ba, tushen duk shigarwa shine Smith, Arthur C (1990). **<cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFSmith1990">''Rashin ruwa Windmills na Norfolk Marshes''. Stevenage: Gidan Tarihin Stevenage. </cite><cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFSmith1990">[[ISBN]] .&nbsp;</cite>** ko shafin yanar gizon Norfolk Mills ta kowane shigarwa da aka haɗa.
Moni Rani Das

**Moni Rani Das** 'yar gwagwarmayar kare hakkin Dalit ce ta Bangladesh. An san ta da bayar da shawarwari game da haƙƙin mata Dalit da kuma nadin ta a matsayin Dalit na farko da ya yi aiki a Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Kasa, Bangladesh . Har ila yau, ita ce mai tsarawa kuma ta kafa Dalit Women's Forum (DWF), wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta Dhaka don fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam. An ba ta lambar yabo ta One World Action / Sternberg a shekarar 2010 a madadin DWF . 

## Rayuwa ta farko da asali
An haifi Das kuma ta girma a cikin "masarautar masu tsabta" a Dhaka, Bangladesh, al'umma mai rarrabewa ga masu tsabtace titi da ma'aikatan gida. A matsayinta na memba na al'ummar Dalit, ta fuskanci nuna bambanci sosai. Ita ce yarinya ta farko a cikin al'ummarta da ta je makaranta amma ba ta iya kammala karatunta ba. Ta yi aure tun tana 'yar shekara 15.

## Yunkurin fafutuka
Moni Rani Das ta kasance mai fafutuka tare da Bangladesh Dalit da Excluded Rights Movement (BDERM) sama da shekaru ashirin, inda ta yi aiki don tattara mata na gida don shiga ƙungiyar haƙƙin Dalit. Ayyukanta na gwagwarmaya sun samo asali ne daga sha'awar inganta yanayin ga tsararraki masu zuwa na Dalits a Bangladesh.

Das ta shiga cikin bita na gina iyawa da Nagorik Uddyog ya shirya, wani shiri na jama'a, inda ta sami ilimi game da ci gaban manufofi da kuma bayar da shawarwari na kasafin kuɗi don magance talauci a cikin al'ummar Dalit.  Ta kuma kasance mai ba da shawara ga kujerun da aka tanada ga al'ummomin Dalit a cikin Jatiya Sangsad (majalisa ta kasa ta Bangladesh). 

### Taron Mata na Dalit
Moni Rani Das ta kafa kungiyar mata ta Dalit (DWF) a shekara ta 2006 inda a halin yanzu take aiki a matsayin shugaban kasa da mai tsarawa.  Kungiyar ta samo asali ne a daya daga cikin yankunan Dalit a tsakiyar Dhaka kuma tana ba da damar sadarwar da haɓaka zamantakewa ga mata.

## Sanarwa
Don nuna godiya ga aikinta, an nada ta a Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Kasa, Bangladesh, ta zama mutum na farko na Dalit da ya rike mukamin a hukumar. A matsayinta na mai kula da DWF, ta ci gaba da yin kamfen don kare hakkin mutanen Dalit a Bangladesh. on. sh.

## Manazarta
Sowa da ake soya

barbecue sauce (wanda aka rage shi a matsayin BBQ sauce) sauce ne da ake amfani da shi azaman marinade, basting, condiment, ko topping don nama da aka dafa a cikin salon dafa abinci na barbecue, gami da naman alade, naman sa, da kaza. Yana da ɗanɗano mai yawa a Kudancin Amurka kuma ana amfani dashi a kan wasu abinci da yawa￼

Abinci ya bambanta dangane da yankin, amma mafi yawansu sun haɗa da ruwan inabi ko Tumatir paste (ko haɗuwa) a matsayin tushe, da haɗuwa da albasa foda, kayan yaji kamar mustard da baƙar fata, da kayan zaki kamar sukari ko molasses.

## Tarihi
Wasu sun sanya asalin soya a lokacin da aka kafa yankuna na farko na Amurka a karni na 17.  Bayanan da aka yi game da sauce sun fara faruwa a cikin wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi da Faransanci a cikin shekaru ɗari biyu masu zuwa. Sauce mustard na Kudancin Carolina, wani nau'in sauce na barbecue, ana iya gano shi ga mazauna Jamus a karni na 18.

An yi sauces na farko na gida tare da ruwan inabi, gishiri, da albasa. An fara amfani da sukari, ketchup, da Soya na Worcestershire a cikin shekarun 1920, amma bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II, yawan sukari da yawan sinadaran sun karu sosai.

## Manazarta
Rarraba iyali a cikin bautar Amurka

**Rarraba iyali a cikin bautar Amurka** ya zama ruwan dare gama gari. A cewar wani masanin tarihi na Cinikin bayi a Amurka, "Babban cinikin, dangane da rayuwar da ya shafi da iyalai da ya hallaka, ba tare da wata shakka ba ya fi kowane fagen yaƙi na Yaƙin basasa. "  Akwai shaidar da ta yadu game da yanayin rarrabuwar iyali: "Babban fasalin kusan kowane tarihin rayuwar bawa da kuma tambayoyin bayi, alal misali, shine wahalar da bayi suka haifar da bayi ta hanyar rarrabuwar iyalan su da aka tilasta su suka gabata sun sami irin wannan binciken da aka sanya a cikin tallan bayi da yawa wanda ke tattare da su.

Masanin tarihi Calvin Schermerhorn ya rubuta game da Franklin & Armfield, 'yan kasuwa na shekarun 1820 da 1830, "Kamar yadda ya kirkiro kudi da sufuri, Franklin da Armfield sun zama injiniya na rushewar iyali da rushewar zamantakewa. Abin da wani mai sukar zamani ya kira 'Bauta-Factory na Franklin & Arm Field' ya samar da fursunoni ta hanyar rushe iyalan"  Dalilin wannan rarrabawar iyali ya ce kawai za ku iya saya a can; Theophilus Freliko ya rubuta wa wasu 'yanci ya rubuta a cikin hanyar sayar da yawa don sauran' yan kasuwa a cikin hanyar kasuwanci a cikin 1839: "Babuwar iyali ba su ba su ba za ku iya samun komai ba.

Mutuwar kwalara ta yarinyar Harriet Beecher Stowe a cikin 1849 tana ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da ta fara rubutu game da bautar; baƙin cikinta a mutuwarsa ya haɗa ta da uwaye masu bautar da 'yan kasuwa suka raba su da' ya'yansu. Henry Watson ya rubuta asarar mahaifiyarsa a cikin Labarin bawa na 1848: "Tsohon baiwar da ta kula da ni a lokacin rashin lafiya, ta hanyar ta'aziyya, ta ba ni bayanai da yawa kamar yadda za ta iya game da karbar mahaifiyata. Ta gaya mini cewa mai sayar da bawa ya tuka zuwa ƙofar a cikin karusar, kuma an tura mahaifiyata don shiga cikin gidan; lokacin da, shiga ciki, an ɗaure shi, kuma an jefa shi cikin karamar hukumar, kuma an ɗauke shi.

## Dubi kuma

* Tallace-tallace na sake haɗuwa da iyali bayan 'yanci
* Jerin 'yan kasuwa na Amurka
* Kashe kansa, kisan jarirai, da kuma yankan kai da bayi a Amurka

## Manazarta
Jerin gonakin iska a Kanada

Wannan jerin manya magudanan  iska guda goma ne a Kanada. Sunnan bututun iskan shine suna da kamfanin makamashi ke amfani da shi lokacin da yake magana game da gonar.

Wurin Wutar Lantarki na Ƙarni na Ƙarni a Saskatchewan ita ce gonar iska ta farko a Kanada don samun ƙarfin aƙalla MW 100 bayan kammalawa a cikin 2006.   Tun daga wannan lokacin da yawa wasu cibiyoyin iska sun zarce madaidaicin MW 100, galibi ta hanyar fadada iskar da ake da su.  Dukkanin larduna ko yankuna biyu na Kanada gida ne ga aƙalla tashar iska guda ɗaya, waɗanda ba tare da Nunavut ba da Yankunan Arewa maso Yamma.

## Gidajen iska mafi girma
Buffalo Plains tashar iska ce mai karfin megawatt 466 kuma a halin yanzu ita ce babbar gonar iska a Alberta.  Located a yammacin Lomond, Alberta.  Ya ƙunshi 83 Siemens turbines.  Wannan kadara mallakar Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners ce

Mai riƙe da rikodin da ya gabata shine 363.5 MW Seigneurie de Beaupré Wind Farms a Quebec tun lokacin da aka faɗaɗa shi a ƙarshe a watan Oktoba 2015 daga 340 MW zuwa 363.5 MHz.

## Ta hanyar lardin ko yanki
An lissafa a ƙasa kowane gonar iska a Kanada tare da akalla Turbines na iska guda biyu da ƙarfin akalla 0.1 MW.

### Alberta
Jerin gonakin iska a Alberta . 

Jerin gonakin iska a British Columbia.

### Manitoba
Jerin dukkan gonakin iska a Manitoba.

### Newfoundland da Labrador
Jerin gonakin iska a Newfoundland da Labrador.

Jerin dukkan gonakin iska a New Brunswick.

### Nova Scotia
Jerin gonakin iska a Nova Scotia.

### Ontario
Jerin dukkan gonakin iska a Ontario.

### Tsibirin Prince Edward
Jerin dukkan gonakin iska a Tsibirin Prince Edward.

### Quebec
Jerin gonakin iska a Quebec.

### Saskatchewan
Jerin gonakin iska na yanzu da aka tsara a Saskatchewan.

### Yankuna
Yanayin arctic da subarctic na arewacin Kanada ya sa gina Turbines na iska ya zama da wahala saboda yawancin an tsara su ne kawai don aiki har zuwa mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki na -30 ° C (-22 ° F). 

## Hotuna

Fayil:Melancthon_ON_2.JPG|Amaranth Wind Farm
Fayil:2001352.jpg|Erie Shores Wind Farm
Fayil:Prince_wind_farm.jpg|Prince Township Wind Farm from the air
Fayil:PEI_wind_farm_06.JPG|The North Cape wind farm
Fayil:WindmillsAtPubnicoPointNS_2009.jpg|alt=Seven three-blade wind turbines on the shore. A fishing boat is passing by.|Pubnico Point wind power plant
Fayil:Éoliennes_Saint-Ulric.jpg|Jardin d'Eole Wind Farm in Saint-Ulric
Monira Rahman

**Monira Rahman** 'yar gwagwarmayar kare hakkin dan adam ce ta Bangladesh. An haife ta ne a shekarar 1965 a Jessore, Gabashin Pakistan (Bangladesh na yanzu). Saboda motsi, hare-haren acid da man fetur a kan mata a Bangladesh an rage su da ninki 40. Rahman ta lashe lambar yabo ta Amnesty International Human Rights Defender Award 2006 saboda gwagwarmayarta. Ta yi aiki tare da wanda ya kafa Gidauniyar Acid Survivors (ASF), Dokta John Morrison kuma daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin babban darakta daga 2002 zuwa 2013. Rahman ta sami yabo daga Kyautar Yara ta Duniya a cikin 2011 saboda gwagwarmayar da ta yi don kawo karshen tashin hankali na acid da man fetur a Bangladesh. Rahman ya zama Commonwealth Professional Fellow a 2012 kuma Ashoka Fellow a 2013.

## Rayuwa ta farko
Rahman ita ce auta a cikin yayanta shida. A lokacin Yaƙin 'Yancin Bangladesh (1971), danginta sun gudu kuma mahaifinta ya mutu, ya bar mahaifiyarta ta haifi 'ya'ya shida. Wannan mummunan abin da ya faru ya bar ra'ayi mai zurfi ga Rahman kuma ya tilasta mata ta zama mai 'yanci sosai.[1] Tun yana karama Rahman ya shiga cikin muhawara da ayyukan al'adu wanda ya sa ta bunkasa jagoranci da koya mata tambayoyi. An zabe ta mataimakiyar shugabar zauren Samsunnahar, Jami'ar Dhaka, Bangladesh a lokacin rayuwarta ta jami'a. Bayan kammala karatun danginta sun tilasta mata samun aikin gwamnati amma a maimakon haka ta shiga cikin Concern Worldwide a matsayin ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa.[1]

## Ayyuka
Rahman ta fara rayuwarta ta aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa a cikin Concern Worldwide a cikin 1992 kuma ta yi aiki a can har zuwa 1999. [Ana Magana hujja] [ana bukatar] A can, ta yi aiki don kafa haƙƙin ma'aikatan jima'i na kasuwanci, yaran titi, da marasa gida-musamman mata masu tabin hankali da ke zaune a kan titi galibi ana kama su a ƙarƙashin Dokar Vagrancy 1943. Dokar Baci da kuma tsarin shari'a na yara da kuma shiga yarjejeniya ta yau da kullun da ta sa ma'aikatar ta samar da tawagar sa ido a cikin gidan bare[1]. A lokacin ta yi matukar kaduwa da yawa da kuma tsananin hare-haren acid da ake kaiwa mata a fadin kasar. Ta fara aiki da kungiyar kare hakkin mata Nari Pokkho sannan ta shiga gidauniyar Acid Survivors Foundation a shekarar 1998, wadda ta kasance babban darekta tun 2002.[2]. A halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin jagorar ƙasa a Tallafin Farko na Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a Bangladesh kuma babban darektan ƙirƙira don Wellbeing Bangladesh wanda ita ce ta kafa.&#x5B;*an>*&#x5D;&#x5B;*>*&#x5D;.2.r.

## Daraja da kyaututtuka

* Mai kare haƙƙin ɗan adam (Maris 2006) - Amnesty International
* Kyaututtuka na kasa da kasa don Lafiya da Daraja ga mata (Oktoba 2009) - Amurkawa don UNFPA
* Kyautar Kyautar Yara ta Duniya (Afrilu 2011) - Gidauniyar Kyautar Yara na Duniya, Sweden
* Commonwealth Professional Fellow (Oktoba 2012) - Hukumar Nazarin Commonwealth (CSC) 
* Ashoka Fellowship (Fabrairu 2015) - Ashoka, Masu kirkiro ga Jama'a

## Manazarta
Jerin bututun iska na kasar Romania

Izuwa  shekara ta 2013, akwai ƙarfin shigarwa na 2,599 megawatts (MW) na ikon iska a Romania,  daga ƙarfin shigarwa 7 MW a shekara ta 2007. Har zuwa watan Disamba na shekara ta 2010, Romania ta kara kusan 440 MW ga ƙarfin iska da aka shigar daga gonakin iska guda biyu: Fântânele-Cogealac da EDP Peștera .  An kammala gonar iska ta Fântânele-Cogealac a shekarar 2012 kuma a lokacin ita ce mafi girma a Turai.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Romania tana da ƙarfin ƙarfin iska na kusan 14,000 MW,  da kuma ƙarfin samar da makamashi na sa'o'i 23 terawatt. Ikon wutar lantarki na ƙasar wanda za'a iya daidaita shi ta hanyar hanyar sufuri ta ƙasa yana tsakanin 3,000 MW da 9,000 MW, yayin da kawai a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata jimlar ikon buƙatun don haɗi da shi ya kasance kusan 22,800 MW. Yankin Dobrogea, wanda ya kunshi yankunan Constanța da Tulcea, yana da ƙarfin iska na biyu mafi girma a Turai.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Kamfanoni da yawa suna sha'awar saka hannun jari a masana'antar iska a Romania.  Kamfanin Italiya na Enel Green Power, wani reshen Enel, yana shirin gina gidajen noman iska da yawa tare da karfin 350 MW.  Kungiyar Cofra ta kasar Switzerland ta shirya gina wasu manya-manyan tasoshin iska guda biyu, wanda zai iya karfin megawatt 700 a Dobruja da kuma wanda zai iya karfin 400 MW a kananan hukumomin Neamț da Suceava;  jimlar jarin zai kai dala biliyan 1.65.  A cikin 2008, Iberdrola ya sayi ayyukan noman iska guda 50, tare da haɗin gwiwar da aka girka 1,600 MW, daga kamfanoni biyu akan dala miliyan 450.  Kamfanonin Romania da ke da sha'awar gina wuraren aikin iskar sun haɗa da Electrica da Green Energy, waɗanda ke da shirye-shiryen gina wuraren aikin iskar da za su sami ƙarfin girka 310 MW tare da jarin dala miliyan 420.  Kamfanin Sinus Holding na kasar Hungary zai gina gidajen noman iska guda biyar a yankin Arewacin Moldavia, yana da karfin da ya kai megawatt 700 da jimillar jarin jari na dala miliyan 800, wanda za a gina nan da Disamba 2009.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

## A karkashin ci gaba
Aikin iska na 600 Mw mai zuwa, Dunarea East da West, wanda ke kudu maso gabashin Romania, an shirya shi don fara aiki a 2026. An kwatanta girman girman wannan aikin da tashar wutar lantarki ta Fântânele-Cogealac da ke kusa, a halin yanzu babbar tashar iska a Turai, tare da damar 600 MW.

Ana sa ran Romania za ta kafa gonakin iska na farko a cikin Tekun Baƙi a shekara ta 2027-2028, biyo bayan shawarwarin jama'a da Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta yi kan dokar da za a yi amfani da ita don samar da makamashi na iska. Shirin ya haɗa da siyar da 3 GW na iska ta waje a ƙarƙashin tsarin kwangila-don bambanci.

## Ayyuka mafi girma
Waɗannan su ne ayyukan gonar iska mafi muhimmanci a Romania (mafi girma fiye da 10 MW):
Saranangkar Thera

Dutanga Bhakte Saranankar Mohathe ] (Bengali) masanin addinin Buddha ne na Bangladesh, mai wa'azi, mai fafutukar kare hakkin Buddha, kuma babban masanin Gayanasarana Buddhist Forest, a Rangunia, kudu maso gabashin Gundumar Chittagong.  

## Rayuwa
He was born on 16 August 1984 in the village of Madarsha, Hathazari under the Chattogram district in Bangladesh.&#x5B;**&#x5D; He was born in the house of Nagendra Master. Thera's birth name was Rony Barua. He grew up in Rangunia. He took monastic order on 24 October 2004 at the age of twenty.

A ranar 1 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2006, ya koma "West Adharmanik Sukhananda Bihar" bayan ya kwashe shekaru uku a can. Ko da a cikin rayuwar masallaci ta Bihar, ya kiyaye wasu dhutangashila a asirce ta hanyar gwaji. Sa'an nan, bayan ya kwashe shekaru uku a gidan ibada, sai ya tafi "West Adharmanik North Gujarat Cemetery" don kiyaye mafi kyawun Shil Dhutangshil, wanda Buddha ya yaba, don manufar cika Parmisambhara. Ya zauna a cikin wannan ƙonewa fiye da shekara guda kuma ya yi tunani a cikin ƙonewa 16 a cikin upazilas daban-daban.

Ya rufe jimlar nisan kusan kilomita 7000 da ya yi tafiya da ƙafa daga 17 ga Fabrairu 2011 zuwa 3 ga Agusta 2020 don halartar shirin Dhamma Discourses don yada addinin Buddha a Bangladesh da Indiya.&nbsp;

### Yunkurin kisan kai
Thera ta kasance ƙarƙashin yunkurin kisan kai da yawa. A watan Yulin 2020, sojojin ta'addanci na cikin gida sun kai hari kan Thera.  An kai harin da ayyukan tashin hankali a kan 'yan majami'a a gaban' yan sanda kuma a bayyane yake tare da goyon bayan wani memba na jam'iyyar da ke mulki a yankin.

Bayan hare-haren ta'addanci a kansa da wuraren ibada, Thera ya yi kira ga Firayim Minista na Bangladesh don karewa.

#### zanga-zangar
An yi zanga-zangar da yawa a matakin kasa da na kasa, suna Allah wadai da hare-haren da ke barazana ga Thera, da kuma kokarin rushe wuraren ibada na Buddha da yake gudanarwa. An gudanar da zanga-zangar ne a Boston, wanda al'ummar Buddha ta Bangladesh da ke zaune a Amurka suka gudanar. Har ila yau, an yi zanga-zanga da zanga-zangar a Birnin New York, wanda Majalisar hadin kan Kirista ta Hindu ta Amurka da Ƙungiyar Hindu ta Bangladesh suka gudanar.s.n.

## Rikici da karar
A ranar 10 ga watan Yulin 2020, wani asusun Facebook na karya  ta amfani da hoton Thera ya sanya maganganu masu banƙyama game da Islama kuma ya haifar da rikici tsakanin yawancin Musulmai da 'yan tsiraru na Buddha.   

## Manazarta
Dutsen Reinstein

**Dutsen Reinstein** babban koli ne  wanda ke yamma da gaɓar tsaunin tsaunin Saliyo Nevada, a gundumar Fresno, California, Amurka.  Wannan kololuwar tana kan iyaka ta gama gari ta Kings Canyon National Park tare da John Muir Wilderness, kuma ita ce mafi girman matsayi akan LeConte Rarraba.  Reinstein yana matsayin babban taro na 260th mafi girma a California.  An saita  yamma da Scylla da  kudu maso yammacin Dutsen Goddard . Taimakon yanayi yana da mahimmanci yayin da taron ya tashi kusan  sama da tafkin Martha cikin ƙasa da mil ɗaya. Hawan kololuwar ba ta fasaha ba ce, kuma haɗa kan jerin kololuwar Sashen Kololuwar Saliyo yana haifar da sha'awar hawa kan wannan kololuwar nesa.

## Tarihi
An kira wannan dutsen "Reinstein Peak" a cikin 1911 don girmama Jacob Bert Reinstein, dan takarar kungiyar Saliyo, fitaccen lauyan San Francisco, kuma mai mulki na Jami'ar California daga 1897 har zuwa mutuwarsa a ranar 16 ga Afrilu, 1911, yana da shekaru 57.   The toponym's present form a hukumance ta United States99 . 

## Yanayi
Dutsen Reinstein yana cikin yankin yanayi mai tsayi .  Mafi yawan yanayin yanayi sun samo asali ne daga Tekun Pasifik, kuma suna tafiya gabas zuwa tsaunukan Saliyo. Yayin da gabas ta gabatowa, kololuwar kololuwa na tilasta musu zuwa sama ( orographic lift ), yana sa su sauke danshinsu a cikin nau'in ruwan sama ko dusar ƙanƙara a kan kewayon. Ruwan hazo daga wannan dutsen yana magudawa gabas zuwa Goddard Creek wanda ke gabar kogin Tsakiyar Fork Kings, da yamma zuwa Kogin Fork Kings na Arewa .

## Manazarta
Shamsul Bari

**Shamsul Bari** ita ce Shugaban Shirye-shiryen Bincike, Bangladesh kuma tsohon darakta na Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yan Gudun Hijira .  Shi ne mataimakin shugaban kungiyar Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust . 

## Ayyuka
Shamsul Bari ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya a Bangladesh .  Ya kuma koyar a Jami'o'in Chicago .  Shamsul Bari ya yi aiki a Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'yan gudun hijira na tsawon shekaru 20. A shekara ta 1985, ya kasance Babban Sashen Shari'a na Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yan Gudun Hijira .  A shekara ta 1989, Shamsul Bari ya kasance mataimakin darakta na Sashen Shari'ar 'Yan Gudun Hijira da Koyarwar Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na' Yan Gudun Hijiri . 

Ya kafa Cibiyar Bincike, Bangladesh a shekara ta 2002. daga 2002 zuwa 2009, ya yi aiki a Majalisar Binciken Taimako ta Ci Gaban Netherlands (RAWOO) na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje (Netherlands) .  Shi darektan Legal Action Worldwide ne.

A shekara ta 2008, an nada shi Masanin Mai Zaman Kanta kan halin da ake ciki na 'yancin Dan Adam a Somaliya.  A watan Janairun 2010, ya ba da gargadi ga Puntland da Somalia. Ya kasance co-shugaban kungiyar masu ba da shawara ta Transparency wanda aka kafa a shekara ta 2011..

## Manazarta
Villa Luz Cave

**Villa Luz Cave**, Sunan Mutanen Espanya **Cueva de Villa Luz** ( *lit.* Cave of the Lighted Town), wanda kuma aka sani da Cueva del Azufre da Cueva de las Sardinas, wani kogo ne kusa da Tapijulapa a kudancin kasar Mexico ta Tabasco . Maɓuɓɓugan ruwan da ke cikin kogon suna da wadataccen sinadarin hydrogen sulfide, iskar gas mai ƙarfi mai daɗaɗɗen numfashi kuma tana wari kamar ruɓaɓɓen qwai. A cikin ruwa sulfide ne oxidized zuwa colloidal sulfur wanda ke ba da ruwa bayyanar madara, kuma yana haifar da sulfuric acid . Kogon yana da tsayin kimanin kilomita biyu kuma da farko an cire shi daga farar ƙasa da sulfuric acid a cikin ruwa. Hakanan ana amfani da sulfide na hydrogen ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta na chemoautotrophic, waɗanda ke zama tushen gidan yanar gizon abinci .

Kogon sanannen wurin yawon bude ido ne kuma mutane da yawa sun ziyarta, wani bangare saboda ana iya samunsa cikin sauki. An nuna shi a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen BBC *[[Planet Earth (2006 TV series)|Planet Earth]]*, da *[[Wonders of the Solar System (TV series)|abubuwan al'ajabi na tsarin hasken rana]]* .

## Duba kuma

* , proposed worldwide biome supporting similar ecosystems
** Similar caves where life partly or fully depends on chemosynthesis: Movile Cave in Romania, the first one identified, Ein-Nur Cave and Ayalon Cave (Israel), Frasassi Caves (Italy), Melissotrypa Cave (Elassona municipality, Greece), Tashan Cave (Iran), caves in the Sharo-Argun Valley in the Caucasus Mountains, Lower Kane Cave, Cesspool Cave (Wyoming and Alleghany County, VA, USA).

## Manazarta
Joy Range

The Joy Range wani tsaunuka ne na tsaunuka na Arctic Cordillera . 

## Yanayin ƙasa
Yankin yana ɗaya daga cikin tsaunukan arewa mafi tsayi a duniya, tare da Gimbiya Margaret Range na kusa.  Tana kudu maso gabashin tsibirin Axel Heiberg, a Nunavut, Kanada, Arewacin Amurka.

## Tarihi
An sanya sunan kewayon ne bayan Alfred Herbert Joy, wanda aka fi sani da sintiri mai ban mamaki na kilomita  (1,802  ta hanyar dogsled a fadin zuciyar Tsibirin Sarauniya Elizabeth a cikin 1929.
Barbecue sauce

barbecue sauce (wanda aka rage shi a matsayin BBQ sauce) sauce ne da ake amfani da shi azaman marinade, basting, condiment, ko topping don nama da aka dafa a cikin salon dafa abinci na barbecue, gami da naman alade, naman sa, da kaza. Yana da ɗanɗano mai yawa a Kudancin Amurka kuma ana amfani dashi a kan wasu abinci da yawa￼

Abinci ya bambanta dangane da yankin, amma mafi yawansu sun haɗa da ruwan inabi ko Tumatir paste (ko haɗuwa) a matsayin tushe, da haɗuwa da albasa foda, kayan yaji kamar mustard da baƙar fata, da kayan zaki kamar sukari ko molasses.

## Tarihi
Wasu sun sanya asalin soya a lokacin da aka kafa yankuna na farko na Amurka a karni na 17.  Bayanan da aka yi game da sauce sun fara faruwa a cikin wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi da Faransanci a cikin shekaru ɗari biyu masu zuwa. Sauce mustard na Kudancin Carolina, wani nau'in sauce na barbecue, ana iya gano shi ga mazauna Jamus a karni na 18.

An yi sauces na farko na gida tare da ruwan inabi, gishiri, da albasa. An fara amfani da sukari, ketchup, da Soya na Worcestershire a cikin shekarun 1920, amma bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II, yawan sukari da yawan sinadaran sun karu sosai.

## Manazarta
SM Ibrahim Lincoln

**SM Ibrahim Lincoln** (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba, 1966) ma'aikacin zamantakewa ne na Bangladesh, mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam kuma lauya.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
SM Abraham Lincoln was born on November 14, 1966, in Baksipara village, Krishnapur district, Kurigram, Bangladesh, to Mohiuddin Ahmad, a liberation war organizer, and Amena Khatun. He was the fifth of their seven sons. His childhood was influenced by the events of the Bangladesh Liberation War, which shaped his later commitment to social justice and human rights.&#x5B; &#x5D;

Lincoln ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Khalilganj da Kurigram Aliya Madrasa, ya kammala karatun sakandare a makarantar sakandare ta Khalilgang a 1982 da kuma karatun sakandare mafi girma a Kwalejin Gwamnatin Kurigram a 1984. Ya sami LL. B. daga Jami'ar Rajshahi a cikin 1988 da LL. M. a cikin 1989. Lincoln ya kuma kammala difloma a cikin gudanar da karkara da ci gaba daga Philippines.

Ya kasance mataimakin babban sakatare na Jami'ar Rajshahi ta Tsakiya (RUCSU) a shekarar 1988 yayin da yake karatu a jami'ar.

## Ayyuka
Lincoln ya fara aikinsa a matsayin lauya a Kurigram a ranar 9 ga Oktoba, 1991, kuma an shigar da shi a matsayin lauyan Babban Kotun a shekarar 1996. An lissafa shi a matsayin lauya na Kotun Koli ta Bangladesh .  Tun daga shekara ta 2007, Lincoln yana aiki a matsayin mai gabatar da kara na Kurigram . 

Lincoln ya kasance lauya ga dangin Felani Khatun a harbi na Felani Khatu,   wanda ke gudana a Kotun Koli ta Indiya. Ya kuma taimaka wajen farfado da Taraman Bibi, mai fafutukar 'yanci wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga yakin' yanci.

Shi ne wanda ya kafa Gidan Tarihi na Arewacin Bengal, wanda ke da kayan tarihi da aka tattara sama da shekaru 20 na bincike. Lincoln ya wallafa littattafai 16, da farko a kan tarihin gida, wanda cibiyoyin kamar Bangla Academy da Asiatic Society suka buga. ish..

A matsayinsa na malami, Lincoln ya kafa Kwalejin Shari'a ta Kurigram . Ya yi aiki a matsayin sanata kuma memba na Kwamitin Binciken Shari'a a Jami'ar Kasa ta Bangladesh kuma a matsayin memba na Kwamiti na Koyarwa na Kwalejin Shari'a na Jami'ar Rajshahi .  

Lincoln ita ce mai shirya taron The Bangladesh-India Border Victim Rescue Legal Assistance Forum, wanda ke ba da tallafin shari'a ga wadanda abin ya faru a kan iyaka. Ya kuma kasance mai ba da shawara ga Kwamitin Gudanar da Musayar Bangladesh-India, wanda ya sauƙaƙa musayar yankuna 161 tsakanin Bangladesh da Indiya.

Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan shari'a ga Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Bangladesh da Jami'ar Begum Rokeya da ke Rangpur . 

## Kyaututtuka
A ranar 22 ga watan Janairun 2022, an ba Lincoln lambar yabo ta Ekushey Padak, lambar yabo ta biyu mafi muhimmanci ga fararen hula a Bangladesh   kuma a shekarar 2024 an ba shi lambar yabo ta Independence (Swadhinata Padak), babbar lambar yabo ta farar hula a Bangladesh.     

## Databox
Tunel Wielki

**Tunel Wielki** (a zahiri "Babban Tunnel") kogo ne a cikin Ojców National Park, Poland . Wuri ne na kayan tarihi, wanda yake a yankin karst na Kraków-Częstochowa Upland, kimanin 20&nbsp;km arewa da Krakow .   

Binciken 1967-1968 ya gano yadudduka 15 a cikin  sediments a cikin nau'i daban-daban guda biyar da suka fito daga farkon matakin Würm da al'adun gargajiya na farko- Al'adun Lengyel, al'adun Corded Ware, al'adun Funnelbeaker, al'adun Lusatian - da kuma daga tsakiyar zamanai zuwa karni na 19.   

A cikin 2016 an sake maimaita tono don tabbatarwa da tabbatar da abubuwan da aka samo da kuma ƙarshe. 

Da farko an kammala cewa kasancewar mutum mafi dadewa a cikin kogon ya kasance kimanin shekaru 40,000.  Duk da haka ƙarin binciken kwanan nan na abubuwan da aka samo kwanan wata kayan aiki mafi tsufa zuwa kusan 450,000-550,000 BP, yana nuna *[[Homo heidelbergensis]]* a matsayin masu mallakar kayan aiki, wanda zai nuna mafi tsufa nau'in ɗan adam da aka samu a Poland.   

## Manazarta
Kogon Salemas

**Kogon Salemas** yana kusa da ƙauyen Lousa a cikin gundumar Loures a gundumar Lisbon ta Portugal . Masu binciken kayan tarihi sun gano a cikin shekarun 1950, kogon ya bayyana cewa mutane sun mamaye kogon a matsayin mafaka na wucin gadi yayin Upper Paleolithic kuma an yi amfani da shi azaman kabari a lokacin Neolithic . 

Kogon ya kasance a cikin wani dutsen dutsen ƙasa na Cretaceous, kogon yana da nisan mil 100 daga arewacin dolmen Neolithic da aka sani da Anta do Alto da Toupeira . Kogon mafita ne kuma yana kunshe da wata tuggu mai jujjuyawa mai tsayin mita 30 da fadin mita daya. Ko da yake ba shi da banbanci a yankin, shi ne kogon da ya fi ci gaba, ta fuskar girma da zurfinsa. An fara gano shi a cikin Satumba 1959 ta L. Albuquerque e Castro sannan kuma wata ƙungiya daga Cibiyar Nazarin Geological ta Portugal ta hako ta, wanda O. de Veiga Ferreira, José Camarate Andrade França da Georges Zbyszewski ke jagoranta, yayin tono biyu a cikin Nuwamba 1959 da kuma a cikin Oktoba- Disamba    

Manyan matakan da aka tono sun ƙunshi kayan Neolithic, kamar kayan yumbu, tare da ƙasusuwan ɗan adam daidai da kasancewar necropolis da ƙasusuwan ƙananan dabbobi. Kayan aikin da aka samu kaɗan sun nuna cewa kogon bai taɓa zama wurin zama na dindindin ga mutane ba. Ƙananan matakan sun ƙunshi shaidar Solutrean lithic kayan aikin kashi da kayan tarihi na Upper Paleolithic, tare da ƙasusuwan dabbobi daban-daban. Akwai shaida cewa an cire wasu daga cikin matakan Paleolithic a wani ɓangare na kogon a lokacin Neolithic don yin hanya don necropolis. Kasusuwan dabbar da aka gano sun hada da na beraye masu launin ruwan kasa ( *Ursus arctos* ) da kogon kogo ( *Ursus spelaeus* ); damisa ( *Felis pardus* ) da kuma Iberian lynx ( *Felis pardina* ); kuraye ; kyarkeci; da dawakai.  

Ana adana abubuwan da aka tattara a Gidan Tarihi na Geological na Lisbon ( *Museu Geológico* ). Haɗin gwiwar carbon yana sanya kwanakin ƙasusuwan ɗan adam da hakori daga Paleolithic kamar yadda ya kasance daga kusan shekaru 25,000 zuwa 20,000 da suka gabata. 

## Manazarta
Sumi Khan

**Sumi Khan** (an haife ta a watan Yunin shekara ta 1969) 'yar jarida ce mai bincike ta Bangladesh da aka sani da rahotonta game da tsattsauran ra'ayi, tsanantawa ga 'yan tsiraru, da harkokin siyasa a Bangladesh .   A shekara ta 2005, ta sami lambar yabo ta Courage in Journalism daga Gidauniyar Watsa Labarai ta Duniya .  Khan a halin yanzu yana gudun hijira a Amurka.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Khan a watan Yunin 1970 a Bangladesh .  Mahaifinta memba ne na Mukti Bahini wanda Al-Badr, wata rundunar taimako ta Sojojin Pakistan a lokacin Yakin 'Yanci na Bangladesh ya azabtar da shi har ya mutu. Mahaifiyarta 'yar gwagwarmaya ce.

## Ayyuka
Khan ta fara aikin jarida a shekarar 1993.  Ta shiga Daily Jugantor a shekarar 1999.  An kore ta daga jaridar bayan ta bayar da rahoto game da wani jami'in mai da ke da alaƙa da shi wanda ya yi wa baiwarsa fyade. Bayan haka ta shiga *[[Shaptahik 2000]]* (Weekly 2000).  A shekara ta 2002, 'yan sanda na Bangladesh sun tsare ta kuma sun yi mata tambayoyi game da rahotonta game da tsattsauran ra'ayi na addini. s...0)..

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2004, maza uku ne suka kai wa Khan hari a Chittagong wanda ya bar ta da raunuka a kan labaranta game da alaƙar da ke tsakanin 'yan siyasa da hare-haren masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na addini akan' yan tsiraru. A wannan shekarar Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida ya kira Bangladesh kasar Asiya mafi haɗari ga' yan jarida. Ta yi hira da Syed Haider Farooq Maududi, ɗan wanda ya kafa Jamaat-e-Islami Abul A'la Maududi.  A shekara ta 2005, an ba Khan lambar yabo ta Courage in Journalism ta Gidauniyar Watsa Labarai ta Duniya .  Khan ya lashe *Kyautar Hugo Young ta Gidauniyar Guardian.* . 

Khan tana aiki a matsayin Sakatariyar Harkokin Mata ta Dhaka Union of Journalists lokacin da gwamnatin Sheikh Hasina ta fadi a ranar 5 ga watan Agusta 2024.  An tilasta mata zuwa gudun hijira a watan Fabrairun 2025 saboda karuwar barazanar daga kungiyoyin Islama masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. A baya, ta kuma fuskanci tsoratar da ita daga Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami, wanda ta yi zargin yana da tasiri sosai a kan gwamnatin wucin gadi da kafofin watsa labarai a Bangladesh. Ta soki kama 'yan jarida Shyamal Dutta da Mozammel Haque Babu, da kuma soke takardar shaidar manema labarai ga 'yan jaridu sama da 160 da sabuwar gwamnatin ta yi. Ta yi zargin cewa gwamnati ta baiwa Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami ikon karɓar iko da kafofin watsa labarai a Bangladesh.

## Manazarta
Kwarin Kinderle

**Kinderle Cave** ( Russian  , Bashkir   ) shi ne kogo na biyu mafi tsayi a Kudancin Urals . Yana kan yankin Zilim Nature Park, kilomita 5 daga ƙauyen Tashasti a gefen dama na Kogin Kinderle a Bashkortostan, Rasha . An kafa kogon a lokacin Devonian kuma ya ƙunshi benaye 4 a kwance.

Ƙofar kogon yana kan tsayin mita 94 kuma an haɗa shi da wani rami mai karkata. A cikin rami akwai dusar ƙanƙara mai girman murabba'in mita 720 da kauri na 8 m. Stalagmites daban-daban suna girma a kan glacier. Tsawon kogon shine 8130 m, gami da 230 m karkashin ruwa. The girma na kogon ne 229600 cubic mita, bene yanki ne 39400 murabba'in mita. Matsakaicin nisa na wucewa shine 5.4 m, tsayinsa shine 7.1 m. Girman manyan hanyoyin shine 215 m, wannan shine mafi zurfin kogo a cikin Urals. A kusa da kogon yana tsiro cannabis, don haka Bashkirs da ake kira kogon Kinderle. Sun ajiye nama a kan glacier a lokacin rani.

A shekara ta 1974, masana kimiyya sun yi nazari kan kogon da kuma girmama bikin cika shekaru 30 da cin nasara a kan Jamus na Nazi, an sanya wa kogon suna Nasara Cave ( Russian   ). 

An san cewa akwai kogo 67 a yankin Zilim Nature Park. Mafi shahara daga cikinsu shine Kogon Kinderle. Dubban 'yan yawon bude ido ne ke ziyartar kogon a kowace shekara. A shekara ta 2010 an kafa shingen karfe don daidaita yanayin muhalli a cikin kogon.

## Manazarta
Mammoth Cave Parkway

**Mammoth Cave Parkway** babbar hanya ce da ke cikin Mammoth Cave National Park a yammacin tsakiyar Kentucky . Ya ƙunshi sassa na Hanyar Kentucky 70 da 255 a cikin wurin shakatawa a arewa maso yammacin Barren da gabashin Edmonson County. Yana bin hanyar Mammoth Cave Railroad Bike & Hike Trail. 

## Bayanin hanya
Mammoth Cave Parkway alama ce ta hanyar Kentucky Route 255 daga Hanyar Amurka 31W, ta hanyar I-65 na fita 48 musanya. Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Kentucky tana kula da hanyar daga US 31W zuwa kusa da musanya I-65, yayin da NPS ke kula da sauran hanyar da ta wuce mahadar I-65. Hanyar tana ci gaba zuwa arewa zuwa mahadar tare da Kentucky Route 70 (KY 70) kusa da layin Barren-Edmonson County a cikin Mammoth Cave National Park.

A Chaumont, ya juya hagu zuwa KY 70 zuwa yamma, yayin da KY 255 ya fara ɗan gajeren lokaci tare da KY 70 gabas don mil biyu baya zuwa Barren County. Kadan fiye da hanyar Sloan's Crossing Pond Trail, KY 70 zuwa yamma ya bar wurin shakatawa ta hanyar yin hagu zuwa Brownsville, yayin da Mammoth Cave Parkway ya ci gaba da zuwa arewa don ƙare a Cibiyar Baƙi da ke bayan tsakar hanya tare da Gabas ta Gabas da Hanyoyin Carmichael da tsaka-tsaki tare da Green River Ferry da Flint Ridge Road. Wurin shakatawar ya ƙare a wurin ajiye motoci na Cibiyar Visitor da wata mahadar tare da hanyar shiga wuraren shakatawa na katako. 

Bangaren da ke tsakanin Titin Brownsville da Titin Ferry River River wani bangare ne na Titin Duncan Hines Scenic, daya daga cikin hanyoyin Tsarin Hanyar Hanya na Kentucky Scenic .

### Jan hankali tare da hanya

* Kogon Diamond 
* Titin Tafkin Ketare na Sloan
* Kallon kallo na Kwarin Doyle
* Mammoth Cave Campground da Caver's Camp Store
* Hercules da Coach No. 2
* Cibiyar Baƙi ta Mammoth Cave National Park

## Tarihi
An fara gina titin Mammoth Cave Parkway tare da asalin hanyar Mammoth Cave Railroad (1886-1931), wanda ya tashi daga asalin garin Mammoth Cave zuwa Park City (wanda aka fi sani da Glasgow Junction).

Lokacin da Mammoth Cave Parkway ya fara buɗewa (a matsayin hanyar gida), sassan titin &#x2014; tare da Titin Cave City (wanda kuma aka sani da Titin Shiga Gabas), ƙaramin yanki na Titin Ferry River River, da duk hanyar Joppa Ridge a yammacin cibiyar baƙo &#x2014; sun kasance wani ɓangare na ainihin jeri na KY 70 daga 1929 har zuwa 1970s.  KY 70 an sake tura shi zuwa daidaitattun sa na yanzu a cikin 1970s. Ma'aikatar Parking ta ƙasa ta kula da hanyar da zarar Mammoth Cave ya zama wurin shakatawa na ƙasa.

A cikin 2004, duka mahadar Mammoth Cave Parkway tare da KY 70 an sake gina su kafin kammala Mammoth Cave Railroad Bike da Hike Trail.

## Manazarta
Kamfanin Mama Sita

**Kamfanin Mama Sita's Holding Company, Inc.** (wanda aka kafa a matsayin Marigold Commodities Corporation) masana'anta ce ta Philippines, tana sayar da samfuranta a ƙarƙashin alamar, Mama Sita'n. An sanya sunan alamar ne bayan Teresita "Mama Sita" C. Reyes, uwargidan wadanda suka kafa kamfanin, ma'aurata Bartolome B. Lapus da Clara C. Reyas-Lapus. 

Ana samun samfuran Mama Sita a kasashen waje a Arewacin Amurka, Kanada, Australia, New Zealand, da ƙasashen Turai. Ana kuma rarraba su a Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, Japan, Koriya, Indiya da Pakistan. Gabas ta Tsakiya ita ce babbar kasuwa tare da Saudi Arabia, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, Kuwait, da Qatar a matsayin manyan masu amfani.

Tun daga shekara ta 2014, Kamfanin Monde Nissin ne ke tallata Mama Sita kuma ke rarraba ta.￼

## Game da Teresita Reyes
An haifi Teresita "Mama Sita" C. Reyes a Manila a ranar 11 ga Mayu, 1917, ɗan fari na Mai Shari'a Alex Reyes da Engracia "Aling Asiang" Cruz-Reyes, wanda ya kafa gidan cin abinci na Aristocrat .  Tana da sha'awar abinci na Filipino kuma ta haɓaka kasuwancin da aka sadaukar don ƙirƙirar girke-girke da sayar da cakuda sauce, vinegars da sauces. Reyes da kamfaninta sun zama sanannun a Philippines da kuma tsakanin Filipinos da ke zaune a kasashen waje. A cikin shekara ta 2013, gwamnatin Philippines ta bayar da hatimi na 10 peso don girmama ƙwaƙwalwarta. Akalla an samar da littattafan dafa abinci guda biyu na Mama Sita, Mama Sita's Cookbook (1996) da Mama Sita"s Homestyle Recipes (2010). [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Manazarta
Scalloping (tsarin kogo)

**Scalloping** wani nau'i ne na sassaka bangon kogon dutse ta hanyar narkar da ruwa mai gudana cikin tashin hankali mai ɗauke da narkar da carbon dioxide ( carbonic acid ). Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙwanƙolin ɗaiɗaikun nau'ikan sifofi ne marasa zurfi waɗanda aka samo akan saman kogon da yawa waɗanda suke ko kuma sun kasance a cikin dogon lokaci tare da igiyar ruwa. Yawanci suna faruwa a cikin adadi mai yawa suna lalata juna, gaba ɗaya suna rufe sassan kogon kogon, kuma suna iya bambanta girman daga ƙasa da santimita zuwa santimita da yawa ko fiye. Girman su ya bambanta da saurin yanayin da suka samu; ƙananan scallops suna nuna saurin gudu, manyan scallops suna nuna saurin gudu. 

Scallops yawanci ba daidai ba ne tare da tsayin daka da ke fuskantar ƙasa. A cikin busassun koguna na yanzu, saboda haka ana iya amfani da su don auna jagorancin kwararar tsohon halin yanzu (a cikin tsarin phreatic sau ɗaya, watau bututun cike da ruwa, wannan kwararar na iya zama ƙasa ko hawa). 

Saitin scallops misalai ne na speleogens, waxanda suke sifofin yazawa sabanin seleothems waɗanda sifofi ne na ƙididdigewa. Dukansu suna da alaƙa da speleogenesis ko samuwar kogo.

Siffofin makamantan na iya samuwa akan bangon kogon kankara ta hanyar aikin iska.

## Manazarta
Fugaku-Fuketsu

**Fugaku Wind Cave** ( Japanese ) bututun lava ne a arewacin ƙafar Dutsen Fuji, Japan . Ita ce mafi girma daga cikin bututun lava da yawa waɗanda ake samu a cikin dajin Aokigahara a cikin Garin Fujikawaguchiko, Yamanashi Prefecture .

## Dajin Aokigahara
Farashin 864&nbsp;AD Fashewar Dutsen Fuji ya kawo kwararar ruwa mai yawa, wanda ya haifar da Tafkin Shōji da Tafkin Sai na Tafkunan Fuji Biyar ta hanyar raba Se-no-umi zuwa biyu, nau'ikan cinder da yawa irin su Ōmuro da tsaunukan Nagao, da wani babban fili da ake kira dajin Aokigahara . A cikin wannan daji ana iya samun bututun lava da yawa, gami da:

* Narusawa Ice Cave, in Narusawa Village, Yamanashi Prefecture
* **Fugaku Wind Cave**, in Fujikawaguchiko Town, Yamanashi Pref.
* Lake Sai Bat Cave, in Fujikawaguchiko Town, Yamanashi Prefecture

Dukansu uku an ayyana su azaman abubuwan tarihi na Japan a cikin 1929.

## Fugaku Wind Cave
Fugaku Wind Cave, tsawon mita 201 tare da matsakaicin tsayi na mita 8.7, ana samun shi a yankin Aokigahara. Ana kiran shi daga *Fugaku* (富岳), sunan wallafe-wallafen Dutsen Fuji (富士山), da *Fūketsu* (風穴) don kogon iska, saboda akwai isassun wurare dabam dabam na iska a kan kogon .  Katangar kogon galibi an yi su ne da basalt .  

A cikin kogon, akwai ƙanƙara ko da a lokacin rani, terraces na lava da nau'ikan lava kamar igiya. Daga lokacin Edo zuwa lokacin Meiji (kamar 1600 zuwa 1900) ana amfani da wannan kogon don adana ƙwai na tsutsotsi na siliki .

Fugaku Wind Cave tare da Narusawa Ice Cave kusa ana sarrafa shi daga Fuji Sightseeing Industry Co. na Fuji Express Group (富士急グループ). Shagon abubuwan tunawa da ke ƙofar an sake gyara kwanan nan kuma an buɗe shi a cikin 2012, a matsayin "Kogon Wind Station". 

## Sufuri
Ana iya isa ga Fugaku Wind Cave daga Hanyar Kasa ta Japan 139 a gefen kudu (a gefen Dutsen Fuji).

## Gallery

Fayil:Fugaku_fuketsu_-_Ice_pond.jpg|alt=Ice pond| Kankara tafki
Fayil:Fugaku_fuketsu_-_Walking_in_the_cave.jpg|alt=Walking through the cave| Tafiya ta cikin kogon
Fayil:Fugaku_fuketsu_-_Natural_refrigerator.jpg|alt=Natural refrigerator. (In olden days, eggs of silk worms were kept here.)| Firinji na halitta. (A zamanin da, ana ajiye ƙwai na tsutsotsi na siliki a nan.)


## Manazarta
Kogon shaidan

**Faɗuwar Iblis** wani kogo ne a yankin Gibraltar na Ƙasashen waje na Burtaniya .  Gidan tarihi ne na tarihi kuma an jera shi kuma an kiyaye shi ta Dokar Heritage da Antiquities 2018 .

## Bayani
Wannan kogon, wanda ainihin kogo huɗu ne, yana cikin fuskar dutse tsakanin Camp Bay da Little Bay . An san su da Kogon Faɗuwar Iblis, Faɗuwar Iblis (Arewa), Faɗuwar Iblis (West-Upper) da aka fi sani da Crack Cave da Faɗuwar Iblis (West-Lower). Ana ɗaukar wurin haɗari.  A cikin 1950s an sami adadi mai yawa na ƙwallo a cikin kogon. An yi zaton cewa waɗannan sun birkita gangara cikin kogon a lokutta da yawa da Gibraltar ke kewaye da ita. 

Kogon Faɗuwar Iblis ɗaya ne daga cikin 'yan kaɗan da aka gano suna da sha'awar ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi na musamman. Kogon wani *gini* ne na Class A  jera kamar yadda Gwamnatin Gibraltar ta Gibraltar Heritage Trust Dokar ta 1989 ta 

A cikin 2018 an tabbatar da matsayin kogon a cikin Dokar Tarihi da Kaddara ta Gwamnatin Gibraltar tare da lura cewa mafaka ce ta tarihi. 

## Manazarta
Hankin Range

**Hankin Range**  karamin tsauni ne a tsibirin Vancouver, British Columbia, Kanada, wanda ke tsakanin Tafkunan Nimpkish da Bonanza.  Tana da yanki na 287 km2 kuma yanki ne na Rarraba Tsibirin Vancouver wanda kuma ya zama wani yanki na tsaunukan Insular.. &nbsp;

## Manazarta
Gidan Marmara (Crimea)

**Marble Caves** ( Russian  , Ukrainian  , Crimean Tatar   ) wani kogo ne a cikin Crimea, a ƙasan tudu na Chatyr-Dag, wani dutse mai tsaunuka . Shahararriyar wurin yawon bude ido ce kuma daya daga cikin kogo da aka fi ziyarta a Turai.

Saboda bambancinsa, kogon Marble ya shahara a duniya. Masu ilimin magana suna la'akari da shi a cikin manyan kogo biyar mafi kyau na duniya, kuma daya daga cikin abubuwan al'ajabi na Halitta Bakwai na Ukraine .  A cikin 1992, an haɗa shi a cikin Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ƙira na Ƙasashen Duniya.

## Tarihi
A cikin 1987, tawagar Simferopol speleology tawagar gano wani kogo mai hadadden tsarin na zaure da kuma gallery tsakanin Bin Bash-Koba (dubban shugabanni) da kuma Suuk-Koba (Cold).  Sabon kogon, wanda ya kwanta a tsayin  sama da matakin teku, ana kiransa Marble (da farko, kuma ana amfani da sunan "Afganistan"), saboda gaskiyar cewa an kafa shi a cikin dutsen marmara .  A cikin 1988, cibiyar yawon shakatawa ta Onyx don yawon shakatawa na speleology ta kafa tafiye-tafiyen yawon shakatawa, an shimfida hanyoyi na kankare, kuma an shigar da hasken wuta.

Yawon shakatawa ya wuce ta Fairy Tale Gallery, Tiger Path, tare da daruruwan daban-daban stalactites, da Reconstruction Room, da most kogo dakin Crimea da kuma daya daga cikin mafi girma sanye take da dakuna a Turai da tsawon 100 mita da tsawo na 28 mita, da Pink Room, da dutse wardi rufe saman dakin, da Palace Hall, tare da "Sarauniya" da kuma "K ginshikan". Wani stalactite "dajin" yana kaiwa zuwa ɗakin Luster. Yawancin " chandeliers " sun rataye daga rufin da aka rufe da "furanni" na coralite, kuma wasu daga cikinsu sun kusan isa kasa. Anan ne wurin da yawon shakatawa ya ƙare, kodayake kogon yana da ƙarin ɗakuna huɗu: zamewar ƙasa, Channel, Chocolate, da Geliktite.
Fayil:Marmurova_pechera1.jpg
Fayil:Шапка_Мономаха_(натік).JPG
Fayil:Мраморная_пещера._Август._2017._07.jpg
Fayil:Мраморная_пещера_-_panoramio_(3).jpg


## Manazarta
Alexander Pollak

**Alexander Pollak** (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Yuli, 1973, a Vienna) masanin tarihin Austriya ne, marubuci kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam. 

## Tarihi
A lokacin karatunsa na digiri, Pollak ya yi aiki a kan binciken Wittgenstein "Maganar, Siyasa, Gaskiya", wanda masanin harshe na Austrian Ruth Wodak ya jagoranta. Ya bincika hoton Wehrmacht a cikin jaridu da shirye-shirye. Don wannan dalili, ya wallafa wani littafi mai suna The Wehrmacht legend . Pollak ya shafe shekaru biyar a matsayin shugaban ayyukan yaki da nuna bambanci a Hukumar Kare Haƙƙi ta Tarayyar Turai (FRA). A shekara ta 2003, ya fara aiki a matsayin mai samar da rediyo a gidan rediyo na Viennese Orange 94.0 inda ya tsara shirye-shirye don mujallar siyasa Radio Voice . Pollak ya sami "Lambar Rediyo ta Ilimi na Matasa" don wannan aikin.

In A shekara ta 2005, Pollak ya shiga Cibiyar Kula da Turai kan wariyar launin fata da wariyar launin shudi (EUMC), wanda a shekara ta 2008 aka canza shi zuwa Hukumar Tarayyar Turai don Hakki na asali (FRA). Pollak ya yi aiki a matsayin jagorar aikin don ayyukan adawa da nuna bambanci. A farkon shekara ta 2011 Pollak ya ɗauki matsayin mai magana da yawun kuma babban Shugaba na kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Austriya SOS Mitmensch .  Pollak ya ba da gudummawa ga rahotanni na kafofin watsa labarai.

Ba da daɗewa ba kafin zaɓen ƴan majalisa na Austriya a 2013 Pollak ya taimaka wajen tallafawa mutanen da ba su da' yancin Austriya.

## Labarin Wehrmacht mai tsabta
Pollak ya rubuta aikin da ya bincika yadda kafofin watsa labarai suka rufe Laifukan yaki na Wehrmacht bayan yakin duniya na biyu.

## Manazarta
Kogon Muqal

**Muqal Cave** wani kogon farar ƙasa ne na halitta wanda ke cikin Wadi Bani Khalid, a cikin gundumar Ash Sharqiyah ta Arewa ta Oman.   Kogon yana da kusan kilomita daya a cikin rafin da kuma tazarar mita 500 daga wani tafkin ruwa mai dadi.   Yana daga cikin babban dutsen farar ƙasa a cikin tsaunukan Hajar na Gabas kuma ya kasance ba a haɓaka ba.  Ana shiga kogon ta wata ƴar ƴar ƴar ƴan ƴar ƴan siminti da ke kaiwa zuwa ƙofarsa, wanda ke buɗewa cikin hanyar sadarwa ta hanyoyin ƙarƙashin ƙasa.   

## Manazarta