open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Dorothy Bradshaigh

**Dorothy Bradshaigh** (baftisma 1705, d. 1785), marubucin wasika na Burtaniya kuma mai tara littattafan dafa abinci. Bayan aurenta ta zauna a Haigh Hall kusa da Wigan . Wasiƙunta da shawarwari zuwa ga Samuel Richardson sun rinjayi littafinsa The History of Sir Charles Grandison .

## Rayuwa
An yi wa Bradshaigh baftisma a ranar 21 ga Maris 1705 a Rufford, Lancashire . An haife ta da sunan karshe na Bellingham - iyayenta sune Elizabeth, (an haife ta Spencer) da kuma wani lokaci lauya William Bellingham . Ita da 'yar'uwarta Elizabeth sun kasance magada na mahaifinta kuma sun raba gidan yarinta tare da Elizabeth Hesketh wacce 'yar mahaifiyarsu ce daga aurenta na farko. Gidan mahaifinta ya kasance Levens Hall a Westmoreland har sai an sayar da wannan a cikin 1688 sakamakon yawan kuɗin da kawunta, Alan ya kashe. Kudin mahaifinta ya canza lokacin da ya auri mahaifiyarta.

Ta tuntubi Samuel Richardson ba tare da an san sunanta ba lokacin da aka buga littafinsa *Clarissa* a cikin shekara ta 1748. Wasiƙunta biyu na farko sun nemi ƙarshen farin ciki don aikin da aka tsara kuma Samuel ya amsa mata ta hanyar sanya talla a cikin Whitehall Evening Post. Ta yi amfani da sunan Belfour yayin da ta aiko masa da wasu wasiku da yawa. Ba ta bayyana cewa ita ce wakilin sa ba har zuwa Fabrairu 1750 kuma ta sadu da shi a cikin wata mai zuwa.

Ita da Samuel Richardson sun musayar wasu wasiƙu kuma ya raba rubutun littafinsa na gaba, Tarihin Sir Charles Grandison, tare da ita. Za ta yi tsokaci a gefen rubuce-rubucensa sannan zai yi gyare-gyare. Richardson ya rubuta cewa littafinsa "na gare ku ... fiye da kowane mutum ban da haka". Richardson ya yaba da ra'ayinta kuma ya shirya sake buga litattafansa na farko Pamela da Clarissa bisa ga maganganunta. Dorothy da 'yar'uwarta sun gano ta da halin Charlotte a cikin Tarihin Sir Charles Grandison . [1] Edward Haytley ya zana hoton ita da mijinta wanda ya hada da Haigh Hall a bango. Richardson ya nemi kwafin zanen don kansa, don musayar kwafin zanensa. A cikin zanen Hayter tana riƙe da littafi kuma mijinta yana da na'urar daukar hoto don nuna sha'awar su.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Ta auri Sir Roger Bradshaigh, Baronet kuma ba su da yara.

## Mutuwa da gado
Mijinta ya mutu a shekara ta 1770 kuma ta mutu a shekara de 1785 a Haigh Hall . Ta kirkiro littafin dafa abinci wanda yake.

A cikin 1804 an zana hotonta kuma an buga shi. Wannan yanzu yana cikin National Portrait Gallery . 

## Manazarta
Penelope Bradshaw

**Penelope Bradshaw** (?-1754?) ta kasance mai tara littafi na abinci na Burtaniya wanda aka sani a ƙarƙashin lakabi daban-daban ciki har da The Valuable Family Jewel da Bradshaw's Valuable iyali Companion .*Abokin Gida na Bradshaw.*

## Rayuwa
Kadan ne aka sani game da Penelope Bradshaw ban da littafin dafa abinci wanda ya kasance a ƙarƙashin lakabi daban-daban ciki har da "The Family Jewel" da "Bradshaw's Valuable Family Companion". Akwai 'yan gaskiya game da ita da aka haɗa a cikin aikinta amma yawancin bayanan an kirkiresu ne don tallata littafin. An yi iƙirarin cewa tana da dogon aiki wajen kula da iyalai masu daraja wanda zai iya zama gaskiya.

Akwai bugu da yawa na littafinta wanda ya bambanta da taken, tsawon da kuma rashin kulawa da kasancewa irin wannan da irin wannan fitowar. Koyaya, akwai littafi ɗaya wanda ya bayyana da farko (a matsayin "10th edition") a cikin 1748  kuma an sake masa lakabi, an sake shi kuma an sake shi har zuwa sigar ƙarshe a cikin 1754 lokacin da ake zaton marubucin ya riga ya mutu.  Littafin 1748 ya lura cewa littafin shine "An fara da Mrs Eliza Johnson, kuma yanzu Mrs Penelope Bradshaw da Mr Lambart sun gama". Wannan amincewa ya nuna cewa littafin yana amfani da girke-girke da aka karɓa daga wasu tushe. Wadannan tushe sun hada da mai yin kayan kwalliya mai suna Edward Lambert kuma daga wasu littattafan Eliza Johnson da Hannah Glasse. An buga littafin dafa abinci na Glasse ne kawai a shekara ta 1747 a matsayin "The Art of Cookery, Made Plain and Easy"  kuma Johnson ya yi ƙananan gyare-gyare kawai don ɓoye gaskiyar cewa ta aro daga littafin. Bradshaw za ta dauki daya daga cikin girke-girke na Glasse daga littafinta (wanda ya fi nasara) sannan kuma za ta ninka dukkan sinadaran ko rabi. Buga na farko ya ƙunshi 'yan girke-girke na asali amma an kara da yawa a cikin sassan baya.

## Manazarta.
Mark Teixeira

**Mark Charles Teixeira** (/teɪˈʃɛərə/ tay-SHAIR-ə; an haife shi a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, 1980), wanda ake kira "Tex",  tsohon dan wasan Kwallon ƙafa ne na Amurka wanda ya buga wasanni 14 a Major League Baseball (MLB) na Texas Rangers, Atlanta Braves, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, da New York Yankees . Kafin aikinsa na sana'a, ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji a Georgia Tech, inda a shekara ta 2000 ya lashe Kyautar Dick Howser a matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallaye na kwaleji na shekara. Daya daga cikin masu sauyawa a tarihin MLB, Teixeira ya kasance wani bangare ne na Yankees' 27th World Series championship a shekara ta 2009, yana jagorantar American League (AL) a cikin gidaje da gudu a (RBI) yayin da ya kammala na biyu a cikin Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) kuri'a. Teixeira ya kasance All-Star sau uku, ya lashe lambar yabo ta Gold Glove Awards biyar da lambar yabo ta Silver Slugger guda uku, kuma yana riƙe da rikodin manyan wasanni don yawancin wasanni tare da gudu a gida daga bangarorin biyu na farantin, tare da 14. Shi ne na biyar a cikin tarihin MLB don kaiwa 400 home runs.

## Rayuwa ta farko
Mark Charles Teixeira grew up in Severna Park, Maryland, the son of Margaret "Margy" Canterna and John Teixeira. He attended Mount Saint Joseph High School in Baltimore, where he played for the school's varsity baseball team, and was teammates with Gavin Floyd. His paternal grandfather migrated from the South American country Guyana. Teixeira's mother was of Italian descent.

## Ayyukan kwaleji
Boston Red Sox ta zabi Teixeira a zagaye na tara na shirin MLB na 1998. Teixeira ya zaɓi kada ya sanya hannu tare da Red Sox, duk da haka, ya zaɓi maimakon halartar Cibiyar Fasaha ta Georgia don buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets, yana mai cewa bai gamsu da yadda Red Sox ke bi da shi ba. A lokacin rani na shekara ta 1999, ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji na Orleans Cardinals na Cape Cod Baseball League, inda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Outstanding Pro Prospect. A shekara ta 2000 tare da Yellow Jackets, matsakaicin batinsa ya kasance .427, kuma a kan tushe tare da slugging (OPS) ya kasance 1.319. Ya kuma lashe Kyautar Dick Howser Trophy a matsayin dan wasan Kwallon kwando na kwaleji na kasa na shekara.

## Ayyukan sana'a

### Shirye-shiryen da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi
Texas Rangers sun zabi Teixeira a zagaye na farko, tare da na biyar, na shirin MLB na 2001. Philadelphia Phillies sun yi la'akari da zabar shi tare da na huɗu, amma bukatun kudi na wakilin Teixeira Scott Boras ya sa Phillies su zaɓi Gavin Floyd. Rangers sun sanya hannu kan Teixeira zuwa kwangilar babbar gasar da ta kai dala miliyan 9.5 a cikin shekaru hudu.

## Manazarta
Mark Esper

**Mark Thomas Esper** (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 1964) ɗan siyasan Amurka ne kuma mai gudanar da masana'antu wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin sakataren tsaro na 27 na Amurka daga 2019 zuwa 2020. Wani memba na Jam'iyyar Republican, a baya ya yi aiki a matsayin Sakataren Sojojin Amurka na 23 daga Nuwamba 2017 zuwa Yuli 2019.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Esper a ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 1964,  a Uniontown, Pennsylvania, ɗan Pauline "Polly" Reagan da Thomas Joseph Esper. Mahaifinsa memba ne na Cocin Maronite .  Kakan mahaifinsa baƙo ne daga Lebanon, kuma kawunsa ɗan jaridar yaƙi ne George Esper.

## Ayyuka
Esper ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in sojan ƙasa tare da 101st Airborne Division kuma an tura shi tare da "Screaming Eagles" don Yakin Gulf. Battalion dinsa - 3rd Battalion, 187th Infantry Regiment, "Rakkasans" - ya kasance wani ɓangare na sanannen "Hail Mary" a cikin kudancin Iraki wanda ya taimaka wajen haifar da cin nasarar Sojojin Iraki. Daga baya ya umarci kamfanin bindigogi a Turai kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin abokin Soja a Pentagon. Esper ya yi aiki a kan aiki sama da shekaru goma kafin ya koma Sojojin Tsaro na Kasa kuma daga baya Sojojin Ruwa, ya tashi zuwa matsayin Lieutenant Colonel. Dangane da tarihinsa da gidan yanar gizon kansa, Esper shine Ranger, Airborne, Air Assault, Jumpmaster, da Pathfinder sun cancanci, kuma sun kammala darussan Sojoji daga Jungle Expert a Panama zuwa Kwalejin Kwamandan & Janar a Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Esper ta sami lambar yabo ta Ma'aikatar Tsaro sau biyu don Ayyukan Jama'a masu Kyau. Daga cikin kyaututtuka da kayan ado na soja akwai Legion of Merit, Bronze Star Medal, Kuwait Liberation Medal, da Combat Infantryman Badge . 

## Sakataren Sojoji
Shugaba Donald Trump ya sanar da niyyarsa na zabi Esper a matsayin Sakataren Sojoji a ranar 19 ga Yuni, 2017.  Shi ne dan takarar Trump na uku don matsayin, biyo bayan janyewar Vincent Viola da Mark E. Green. An tabbatar da shi a wannan mukamin ta hanyar kuri'un 89-6 na Majalisar Dattijan Amurka a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 2017  kuma ya rantsar da shi a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba.

A lokacin da aka saurare shi a gaban Kwamitin Sojojin Majalisar Dattijai a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2017, Esper ya ce zai sami fifiko uku a matsayin Sakataren Sojoji: shirye-shirye, sabuntawa (ciki har da tsarin sayen soja da tsarin ma'aikata), da inganci. Ya bayyana kula da Sojoji, iyalansu, da fararen hula na Ma'aikatar Sojoji a matsayin fifiko mai dorewa.

## Manazarta
Boing (tafiyar talabijin ta Italiya)

**Boing** tashar talabijin ce ta Italiya da ake tallata ta kyauta ga yara da matasa, mallakar Boing SpA, wani haɗin gwiwa na kamfanin Fininvest MFE - MediaForEurope (ta hanyar rassan Mediaset da RTI) da Warner Bros. Discovery (ta hanyar sashenta na duniya).  Ana samunsa a kan talabijin na dijital, talabijin da kuma kamfanin samar da tauraron dan adam kyauta na Tivùsat .

## Tarihin Boing
 
An ƙaddamar da tashar a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba 2004 da ƙarfe 8:00 na safe&nbsp;pm, bayan maye gurbin VJ TV watanni da suka gabata da wata alama da ke cewa *Boing, a cikin arrivo.* (Boing, nan ba da jimawa ba.). A shekara ta 2006, tashar ta sake suna zuwa wani sabon kuskuren allo mai haske da tambari a cikin talla, don bin asalin alamar sauran tashoshin Mediaset. Sauyin ya haɗa da sabon fakitin zane, wanda ya gabatar da mascots na hukuma na tashar, Animadz. Yawancinsu sun daɗe har zuwa watan Agusta 2020.

Da ƙaddamar da Cartoonito a shekarar 2011, tashar ta sake mai da hankali kan alƙaluman jama'a ga yara manya da matasa. Sakamakon haka, duk shirye-shiryen makarantun gaba da sakandare an mayar da su zuwa jadawalin Cartoonito.

Boing ya sake suna zuwa sabon fakitin zane tare da ciyarwar Sifaniyanci da Faransanci da Lumbre ya haɓaka a ranar 7 ga Maris 2016, wanda aka yi ta yi masa ba'a daga makon da ya gabata. Yawancin Animadz sun ci gaba da kasancewa da sabon salo, duk da haka, an cire da yawa daga cikinsu. 

A ranar 30 ga Agusta 2020, Boing ya sake canza suna zuwa sabon fakitin zane-zane na Art&Graft, inda Animadz biyu kacal suka rage. 

A ranar 19 ga Mayu 2023, Boing da Cartoonito sun sauya sheka daga daidaitaccen ma'aunin 576i SDTV zuwa babban ma'aunin 1080i HDTV akan dukkan dandamali.

## Tashoshi 'yan'uwa mata
A ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, 2009, an ƙaddamar da canjin lokaci na awa ɗaya na tashar - Boing +1. Duk da haka, ana samunsa ne kawai a Sardinia da Trentino-South Tyrol .  Tashar ta rufe a ranar 1 ga Maris, 2012.

### Cartoonito
An Italian version of Turner's pre-school channel Cartoonito was launched on 22 August 2011. The launch allowed Boing to refocus its target audience from 0-12 years to 7-12 years.

Cartoonito tana watsa shirye-shiryen makarantun firamare waɗanda aka samo asali daga Warner Bros. da Nickelodeon, ban da shirye-shiryen gida da aka samu da kuma na wasu hanyoyin sadarwa na Mediaset ko ƙasashen waje. 

## Manazarta
Mark Foster (mai kiɗa)

**Mark Derek Foster** (an haife shi a ranar 29 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1984) ɗan ƙasar Amirka ne, mawaƙi, kuma marubucin waƙa, wanda aka fi sani da shi a matsayin jagorar mawaƙa na ƙungiyar Foster the People .  Bayan ya yi gwagwarmaya don ƙirƙirar ƙungiyar nasara a farkon shekarunsa na ashirin, Foster a ƙarshe ya sami babban hutu a matsayin wanda ya kafa kuma mai gaba da Foster the People a cikin 2009, wanda ya kafa tare da abokansa biyu Mark Pontius da Cubbie Fink. Kungiyar ta fito da kundi hudu na studio: Torches a cikin 2011, *Supermodel* a cikin 2014, Sacred Hearts Club a cikin 2017 da Paradise State of Mind a cikin 2024.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Mark Foster a ranar 29 ga Fabrairu, 1984, a Milpitas, California, kuma ya girma a wajen Cleveland, Ohio. Yayinda yake yaro, ya raira waƙa a cikin Cleveland Orchestra Children's Chorus kuma ya buga drum, guitar, da piano. Yayinda yake matashi ya taka leda a cikin rukunin garage.   Wasansa na farko ya zo ne a shekara ta 2001, lokacin da ƙungiyar makarantar sakandare ta yi gasa a cikin Yakin Bands na gida. A shekara ta 2002, ya kammala karatu daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Nordonia a Makidoniya, Ohio. 

## Ayyuka

### Farkon aiki (2002-2008)
Bayan kammala karatunsa daga makarantar sakandare a shekara ta 2002, Foster ya bi shawarar mahaifinsa kuma ya tafi ya zauna tare da kawunsa a unguwar San Fernando Valley na Sylmar, Los Angeles. A sakamakon haka, zai kasance kusa da bin burinsa na kiɗa. A cikin wata hira da David Greene na NPR, Foster ya ba da cikakken bayani game da yadda ya aikata game da birni mai ban tsoro wanda ya jefa kansa, yana mai da hankali: "Da gaske dole ne ka sami ƙarfin ji na shida don ka iya yin amfani da ruwa saboda abu mai ban mamaki game da LA kawai - musamman a Hollywood - kamar, masana'antar nishaɗi tana da irin abin mamaki. Wannan shine karo na farko da na fahimci cewa mutanen da ke fama da rashin lafiya na hankali sun kasance a cikin kamar, matsayi mai iko. " 

### Kula da Mutane (2008-yanzu)
Foster daga ƙarshe ya sami aiki a matsayin marubucin jingle na kasuwanci don lakabin rikodin Mophonics a cikin 2008. A wannan matsayi, ya sami damar rubuta jingles don alamomi kamar Honey Bunches of Oats da Verizon .  (Foster ya tattauna yadda yake amfani da wiwi na likita, wanda aka tsara don damuwa da ke da alaƙa da aiki, a cikin tsarin abun da ke ciki.)  Koyaya, har yanzu yana gwagwarmaya da neman waƙoƙi masu kyau don ci gaba da shiga cikin masana'antar kiɗa. Saboda batutuwan da suka shafi toshe marubuci da kuma rashin iya mayar da hankali ga abubuwa daban-daban na kiɗansa tare, ya fahimci cewa yana buƙatar taimako ta hanyar membobin ƙungiyar.

## Manazarta
Mark Tester

**Mark Alfred Tester** (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga watan Maris 1963 a Tasmania) masanin ilimin shuke-shuke ne na Australiya kuma farfesa a fannin kimiyyar shuke-huke a Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Sarki Abdullah, inda shi ma mataimakin darakta ne na Cibiyar Aikin Gona ta Desert . Kafin ya shiga Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Sarki Abdullah a watan Fabrairun 2013, ya kasance farfesa a fannin ilimin kimiyyar shuke-shuke a Jami'ar Adelaide da Cibiyar Nazarin Shuke-shuka ta Australiya daga 2009 zuwa 2013.

## Ilimi
Tester ya sami BSc tare da girmamawa a kimiyyar shuke-shuke daga Jami'ar Adelaide a shekarar 1984, kuma ya sami PhD daga Jami'an Cambridge a shekarar 1988, kuma a kimiyyyar shuka.[./Mark_Tester#cite_note-cv-3 [1] Don PhD dinsa, ya yi aiki tare da Enid MacRobbie don nazarin tashoshin ion na potassium.

## Bincike
Binciken Tester yana da niyyar fahimtar matakai na kwayoyin da ke ba da damar tsire-tsire su tsira a cikin yanayi mara kyau. A cikin 2017, shi da abokan aikinsa sun tsara dukkan kwayar halitta ta quinoa, wanda da farko ya fara karatu don sanin yadda zai iya jurewa da matakan gishiri. Ya kuma bincika hanyoyin da za a bunkasa Tsire-tsire masu canza kwayar halitta, kuma shi da abokan aikinsa sun bunkasa tsiro wanda zai iya jurewa da matakan gishiri.

## Ra'ayoyi game da amfanin gona da aka canza
Tester yana tallafawa amfani da amfanin gona da aka canza don rage talauci. A shekara ta 2002, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara na kimiyya don wasan kwaikwayo na BBC1 game da amfanin GM. Daga baya ya soki daraktocin wasan kwaikwayon, Alan Rusbridger da Ronan Bennett, suna mai cewa sun yi watsi da sukar da ya yi game da wannan yanki kuma sun samar da wani shirin "don tayar da tashin hankali na GM". Rusbridger ya amsa ta hanyar da'awar cewa Tester ya canza tunaninsa tun lokacin da aka nuna masa kwafin rubutun a watan Yuli da ya gabata, lokacin da, a cewar Rusbridger, ra'ayinsa game da wannan yanki bai da mahimmanci.

## Manazarta
Cibiyar Muhalli

**Cibiyar Muhalli (O Instituto Ambiental (OIA))** ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ta keɓe musamman ga ginawa da kula da tsarin halittu masu haɗaka waɗanda ke tsarkake ruwan najasa a birane da kuma ƙananan gonaki da masana'antun noma a Kudancin Amurka.  Ita ce ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyi na farko da aka kafa don irin wannan manufa.

OIA tana amfani da tsarin halittu masu hade don sake amfani da ruwan sharar da ya gurɓata mai haɗari zuwa takin zamani, kayayyakin noma da kiwon kamun kifi masu aminci, man fetur, muhalli, da ruwa  tsafta. Tsarin yana inganta shawo kan ambaliyar ruwa, sabunta ƙasa da rage CO . OIA ta gina ayyukan sake farfado da ruwa sama da 70 da ayyukan noma da ci gaban al'umma a Brazil, Nicaragua, Jamhuriyar Dominican, da Spain, suna hidimar mutane sama da 15,000 da kuma sarrafa sharar daga ayyukan noma daban-daban.

Ayyukan OIA suna daga cikin aikace-aikacen farko kuma mafi cikakken bayani na Tsarin Kayayyakin Wayo, wanda ya samo asali zuwa tsarin Cradle zuwa Cradle . Ayyukan farko sun taimaka wajen ƙirƙirar da aiwatar da tsarin, wanda yanzu ake amfani da shi a duk duniya. Waɗannan su ne wasu daga cikin amfani na farko na ƙa'idodin Kayayyakin Wayo da Cradle zuwa Cradle a cikin tattalin arziki masu tasowa.

Ayyukan OIA sun samo asali ne daga nasarar canja wurin fasahar kore daga China, Jamus da Amurka zuwa Kudancin Amurka a lokacin da yawancin canja wurin fasahar dorewa ke gazawa. An tura fasahohi sama da 25 zuwa Brazil don gina ayyukan, tare da yawancin waɗannan fasahohin suna aiki a yau kuma suna faɗaɗa cikin sauri.

## Tarihi
An kafa OIA a Brazil a shekarar 1993, kuma ita ce ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin mai fafutukar yaƙi da talauci Waldemar Boff, fitaccen masanin sinadarai Farfesa Michael Braungart, ɗan kasuwan al'umma Valmir Fachini, injiniyan halittu Katja Hansen, da manajan muhalli Douglas Mulhall . OIA ta samo asali ne daga haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Hamburger Umweltinstitut a Jamus da ƙungiyar taimakon kai da kai ta Brazil SEOP. Ta amfana daga aikin Michael Braungart, Shugaban Gidauniyar GAIA, Jose Lutzemberger, da kuma manufofin injiniya na Farfesa GLChan na Mauritius, wanda Tsarin Noma Mai Haɗaka babban ɓangare ne.

An gina wani abu da ya fara aiwatar da ayyukan OIA a Silva Jardim RJ Brazil a matsayin wani abin nuni ga taron kolin duniya na Rio Earth na 1992 kuma an nuna shi a gidan rediyon jama'a na Amurka a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin misalan fasaha mai ɗorewa da ke tafe daga wannan muhimmin taron.

Ayyukan OIA suna samun tallafi daga ƙananan hukumomi, gidauniyoyi, da kamfanoni daban-daban.

* Michael Braungart
* Douglas Mulhall

## Manazarta
Hugh Trevor-Roper

**Hugh Redwald Trevor-Roper, Baron Dacre na Glanton**, FBA (15 ga Janairun 1914 - 26 ga Janairu 2003) masanin tarihin Ingila ne. Ya kasance Regius Farfesa na Tarihin zamani a Jami'ar Oxford

Trevor-Roper mai suka ne kuma mai rubuce-rubuce ne kan batutuwa daban-daban na tarihi, musamman Ingila a ƙarni na 16 da 17 da kuma Jamus ta Nazi . A cewar John Philipps Kenyon, "wasu daga cikin gajerun rubuce-rubucen [Trevor-Roper] sun shafi yadda muke tunani game da abubuwan da suka gabata fiye da sauran littattafan maza".  Richard Davenport-Hines da Adam Sisman sun rubuta cewa "Yawancin littattafansa suna da ban mamaki."... Wasu daga cikin rubuce-rubucensa suna da tsayin Victorian. Duk sun rage manyan batutuwa zuwa ainihinsu. Da yawa daga cikinsu... sun daɗe suna canza fannoninsu."  Akasin haka, Sisman ya rubuta: "alamar babban masanin tarihi ita ce yana rubuta manyan littattafai, kan batun da ya yi nasa. Ta wannan madaidaicin mizani Hugh ya gaza." 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Trevor-Roper a Glanton, Northumberland, Ingila, ɗan Kathleen Elizabeth Davidson (ya mutu 1964) da Bertie William Edward Trevor-Loper (1885-1978), likita, ya fito ne daga Henry Roper, 8th Baron Teynham kuma mijin Anne na biyu, 16th Baroness Dacre .  Trevor-Roper "ya yi farin ciki (amma ba da tsanani ba)... cewa ya kasance zuriyar William Roper, surukin Sir Thomas More ... a matsayin yaro ya san cewa rayuka goma sha biyu ne kawai (da yawa daga cikinsu na tsofaffi) sun raba shi daga gadon Teynham peerage. " : gabatarwa

## Ayyukan soja da Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu
Trevor-Roper ya kasance memba na jiki'ar Oxford's Officer Training Corps, ya kai matsayin Jami'in cadet corporal. A ranar 28 ga Fabrairu 1939, an ba shi izini a cikin Sojojin Burtaniya a matsayin mataimakin na biyu tare da matsayi a wannan matsayi daga 1 ga Oktoba 1938, kuma an haɗa shi da ƙungiyar sojan doki na Jami'ar Oxford Contingent na OTC. A ranar 15 ga watan Yulin 1940, an kara shi zuwa matsayin mataimakin yaki kuma an tura shi zuwa rundunar leken asiri, Sojojin Yankin.

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in tsaro na rediyo na Ofishin leken asiri, sannan kuma a kan karɓar saƙonni daga sabis na leken asiri na Jamus, *[[Abwehr]]* .  A farkon 1940, Trevor-Roper da E. W. B. Gill sun bayyana wasu daga cikin wadannan abubuwan, suna nuna muhimmancin kayan kuma suna motsa kokarin Bletchley Park don bayyana zirga-zirgar. Lantarki daga zirga-zirgar *Abwehr* daga baya ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ayyuka da yawa ciki har da Double-Cross System.

## Manazarta
Arjun Bahadur Thapa

**Arjun Bahadur Thapa** (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1956) jami'in diflomasiyyar Nepali ne kuma tsohon Sakatare Janar na SAARC 

Shi ne na takwas daga zuriyar Anglo-Nepalese yakin *Bhakti Thapa* Bhakti Thapa.

## Ilimi
Ya kammala digiri na biyu a fannin Shari'a ta Duniya (Honours) a Jami'ar Abokantaka ta Jama'a, Moscow, a 1983 da kuma difloma a cikin Gudanar da Muhalli a Jami'an Adelaide, Australia, a 1994.  Ya yi karatu a Moscow na tsawon shekaru 6, sannan ya tafi Nepal.

## Ayyuka
Thapa ya rike mukamai da yawa a lokacin aikinsa. Ya kasance Sakatare Janar na SAARC, kuma ya kasance Sakataren Harkokin Waje na Jamhuriyar Nepal.: 

* Sakatare janar na SAARC (1 Maris 2014 - 1 Maris 2017) &nbsp;
* Sakataren Harkokin Waje, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Nepal (21 ga Yulin 2013 - Fabrairu 2014) &nbsp;
* Sakataren hadin gwiwa, Shugaban Sashen Ƙungiyar Yankin (SAARC & BIMSTEC) da Kakakin, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Nepal (Afrilu 2012 - Yuli 21, 2013) &nbsp;
* Sakataren hadin gwiwa, Shugaban Yankin Turai-Amurka, Yankin Gudanarwa, SAARC da BIMSTEC da Kakakin, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Nepal (Fabrairu 2012 - Afrilu 2013) &nbsp;
* Jakadan na Musamman da Cikakken Ikilisiya na Nepal a Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa (Disamba 2007 - Janairu 2012) &nbsp;
* Sakataren hadin gwiwa, Shugaban SAARC da Sashen Gudanarwa da Kakakin, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Nepal (Fabrairu 2007 - Disamba 2007) &nbsp;
* Mataimakin Wakilin Dindindin / Minista Plenipotentiary, Ofishin Jakadancin Nepal zuwa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, New York (Agusta 2006 - Fabrairu 2007) &nbsp;
* Charge d' Affaires, a.i., Ofishin Jakadancin Nepal zuwa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, New York (Nuwamba 2005 - Agusta 2006) &nbsp;
* Mataimakin Wakilin Dindindin / Minista Plenipotentiary, Ofishin Jakadancin Nepal zuwa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, New York (Disamba 2002 - Nuwamba 2005) &nbsp;
* Sakataren hadin gwiwa, Gabas, Kudu maso Gabas, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Sashen Pacific, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Nepal (Ya shiga aikin diflomasiyya ta hanyar bude gasar) (Yuni 1999 - Disamba 2002) &nbsp;
* Mataimakin Sakatare, Sashen Shari'a da Yarjejeniya na Duniya, Ma'aikatar Shari'a (1994-99) 
* Mataimakin Sakatare, Sashen Shari'a da Yarjejeniya na Duniya, Ma'aikatar Shari'a (1993-94) 
* Jami'in Sashen, Sashen Shari'a da Yarjejeniya na Duniya Ma'aikatar Shari'a (1983-93) 

## Manazarta
Colin Thiele

**Colin Milton Thiele** AC (/ˈtiːli/;  16 ga Nuwamba 1920 - 4 ga Satumba 2006) marubuci ne kuma malami na Australiya. Ya shahara ne saboda tarihin yara da ya lashe lambar yabo, musamman litattafan Storm Boy, Blue Fin, Sun on the Stubble series, da February Dragon . A matsayinsa na Mataimakin Shugaban Kwalejin Malamai ta Wattle Park da Shugaban Murray Park CAE na yawancin shekarun 1960 da 1970 yana da tasiri sosai ga ilimin malamai a Kudancin Australia.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Thiele a Eudunda, Kudancin Australia, ga dangin Barossa na Jamus. Matashin Colin kawai yana magana da Jamusanci har sai da ya tafi makaranta a Julia Creek .  Ya yi karatu a makarantu da yawa na kasar ciki har da makarantar firamare ta Eudunda, da makarantar sakandare ta Kapunda kafin ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Adelaide, ya kammala a shekarar 1941. Daga baya ya koyar a makarantun sakandare da kwalejoji. Ya zama shugaban Kwalejin Malamai ta Wattle Park a shekarar 1965,  shugaban Murray Park CAE a shekarar 1973, kuma darektan Cibiyar Malamai na Wattle Park har sai da ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1980. 

Thiele ya shiga jiki Sojojin Australiya a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1940, kuma an tura shi zuwa 18th Light Horse (Machine Gun)  a matsayin mai zaman kansa. Ya sauya zuwa Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) a watan Yulin 1942, yana aiki daga sauran yakin a matsayin babban jami'in da aka tura zuwa hedkwatar tsaron sama, Higgins Field, a ƙarshen Cape York Peninsula.

## Bayanan littattafai
 
Ayyukan wallafe-wallafen Thiele sun kasance daga farkon karni na 20 har zuwa farkon karni na 21 har zuwa kafin mutuwarsa a watan Satumba na shekara ta 2006. Babban bangare na aikinsa shine wallafe-wallafen yara da tallafin ilimi ga malamai da sauran marubuta, da farko suna ilmantarwa a fannonin Turanci, wasan kwaikwayo da Tarihin Australiya.

## Kyauta
*Zan iya kiranka Colin?* , wani labari mai izini na Stephany Evans Steggall, an buga shi a watan Maris na shekara ta 2004.

An sanya masa suna a ɗakin karatu na Thiele a harabar Magill na Jami'ar Kudancin Australia shekaru da yawa kafin mutuwarsa.

Babban ɗakin karatu na dalibai wanda Golden Grove High School, Pedare Christian College da Gleeson College suka raba an sanya masa suna kuma ya buɗe shi a hukumance a ranar 10 ga Mayu 1989.

Hanyar da aka sanya Highway B81 tsakanin farkon Hanyar Hanyar A32 Main North Road a arewacin Gawler, da Morgan a kan Kogin Murray kuma yana wucewa ta Kapunda da Eudunda, an kira shi Hanyar Thiele bayan shi.

The Colin Thiele Scholarship for Creative Writing, wanda Carclew ya bayar, an sanya masa suna.

## Dubi kuma

* Barossa Jamusanci
* Jamusanci Australiya

## Kyaututtuka

* 1977 Aboki na Order of Australia 
* 1997 Medal na Dromkeen
* 2001 Medal na Shekaru 100 

## Manazarta
Rysen John

**Rysen John** (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 1997) ƙwararren mai karɓar ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Kanada wanda a halin yanzu wakili ne na 'yanci.

## Aikin jami'a
John ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta kwaleji a matsayin mai karɓar baƙi ga Simon Fraser Clan daga 2016 zuwa 2019.  A kakar karatunsa na sakandare a kwaleji, an zaɓi John don ya buga wasa a Hula Bowl na 2020. 

## Sana'ar ƙwararru

An zaɓi John a zagaye na uku, na 21 gaba ɗaya, ta hannun Calgary Stampeders a cikin daftarin CFL na 2020 kuma ba a zaɓe shi a cikin daftarin NFL na 2020 ba. 

### Manyan New York
New York Giants ta sanya hannu kan John a matsayin ɗan wasa mai zaman kansa bayan an zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗan wasa na NFL na 2020 a ranar 30 ga Afrilu, 2020.  An yafe shi/ya ji rauni a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2020,  kuma aka mayar da shi cikin jerin 'yan wasan da suka ji rauni a ranar washegari. An yafe shi da yarjejeniyar raunin a ranar 6 ga Satumba, 2020.  Ya sanya hannu a ƙungiyar atisaye a ranar 27 ga Oktoba, 2020.  Ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar ajiye shi/nan gaba a ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021.  An sanya shi a matsayin ɗan wasa mai rauni a ranar 24 ga Agusta, 2021.  An yafe shi a ranar 10 ga Mayu, 2022. 

### Beyar Chicago
A ranar 11 ga Mayu, 2022, Chicago Bears ta kwace wa John izinin shiga gasar.  An sake shi a ranar 16 ga Agusta, 2022. 

### Masu Tattarawa na Calgary
A ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, 2023, an sanar da cewa John ya sanya hannu da Calgary Stampeders .  A cikin shekaru biyu da Stampeders, ya buga wasanni 17 inda ya yi kama da 'yan wasa hudu na tsawon yadi 19. Ya zama 'yan wasa na dindindin bayan karewar kwantiraginsa a ranar 11 ga Fabrairu, 2025.  

### BC Zakuna
A ranar 11 ga Fabrairu, 2025, an sanar da cewa John ya rattaba hannu da BC Lions .  An sake shi a ranar 1 ga Yuni, 2025. 

## Manazarta
Tom Casey (ɗan siyasa na Australiya)

**Thomas Mannix Casey** (12 Maris 1921 - 25 Satumba 2003) ɗan siyasa ne a Jihar Kudancin Ostiraliya.

## Tarihi
An haife shi a Quorn, Kudancin Ostiraliya, inda mahaifinsa James Casey mai yiwuwa shine mamallakin Otal ɗin Austral,  sannan ya yi noma a "Amelia Park", Peterborough. Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Unley.

An zaɓe shi ɗan takarar Labour don kujerar Frome a Majalisar Dokoki a watan Nuwamba na 1960 bayan mutuwar da ba a zata ba ta ɗan majalisa mai ci Mick O'Halloran. Tom bai ma kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Labour ba, amma saboda kasancewar wani mutum mai daraja a cikin al'umma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wanda ke da damar bin O'Halloran na musamman fiye da wanda ba ya cikin ƙungiyar Union. Bayan sake rarrabawa ya share rinjayensa kuma ya sanya Frome ya zama kujera ta LCL ta musamman, Casey ya yi murabus a watan Mayu na 1970 don tsayawa takarar kujerar gundumar tsakiya mai lamba 1 a Majalisar Dokoki. Ya riƙe kujerar har zuwa Satumba 1979, lokacin da ya yi murabus, bayan ya yi nasarar sauya sheka zuwa Majalisar Zaɓe Mai Zaɓe ɗaya a 1975. Ya yi aiki na tsawon wata guda a 1968 a matsayin Ministan Noma da Dazuzzuka, sannan kuma daga 1970 zuwa 1975; sannan daga 1975 zuwa 1979 a matsayin Ministan Yawon Bude Ido, Nishaɗi da Wasanni, Ministan Filaye da Ministan Mayar da Kaya. 

## Iyali
Ya auri Margaret Mary Crick daga Thorpdale, Victoria a watan Fabrairun 1946, kuma ya zauna a gonar iyali "Amelia Park", kusa da Peterborough.

## Manazarta
Colin Tilley

**Colin Tilley** (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Yuni, 1988) ɗan fim ne na Amurka, darektan bidiyon kiɗa, kuma darektan kasuwancin talabijin. Tilley shine Shugaba kuma mai mallakar Boy a cikin Castle Productions . Ya jagoranci bidiyon kiɗa sama da 300.

Tilley ya ba da umarni, ya samar, kuma ya samar da gajeren fim dinsa na farko, Mr. Happy, tare da Chance the Rapper, a cikin 2014 kuma yana haɓaka wasu ayyukan fina-finai da yawa a Los Angeles, California.  Tilley ya samar, ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarnin tallace-tallace na talabijin,  ciki har da Balmain,  Reebok,  Yves Saint Laurent, Antonio Banderas,Kylie Jenner's "Glosses",  Audi, da kuma turare na Nicki Minaj, Pink Friday

Tilley ya kuma samar da kuma ba da umarnin bidiyon kiɗa ga Kendrick Lamar, Cardi B, Justin Bieber, J Balvin, The Kid LAROI, Chris Brown, Nicki Minaj, The Game, Enrique Iglesias, Iggy Azalea, Post Malone, Zendaya, Megan Thee Stallion, Justin Timberlake, Ciara, 50 Cent, Tyga, Lil Wayne, Karol G, Halsey, Skrillex, DJ Snake, Lisa, Rosé da Britney Spears, da sauransu.

Tilley ya ba da umarnin Idan ba zan iya samun soyayya da nake so iko ba,  fim ne mai ban sha'awa wanda Halsey ya fito da shi. An fitar da fim din ne a ranar 25 ga watan Agusta, 2021. An girmama Tilley a Camerimage a watan Nuwamba na 2021 don Nasarar da aka samu a Bidiyo na Kiɗa. Tilley ya kirkiro wani NFT da ake kira Castle Kids a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2021. A cikin 2025, Tilley ya fara gabatar da shi a matsayin darektan na farko tare da Eye for an Eye,  wanda aka fi sani da Night Terror a Burtaniya, wanda ya dace da littafin tsoro mai suna Mr. Sandman na Elisa Victoria.

## Hotunan bidiyo

; 2009

* "Macijin na", Jessie James 
* "Ball na wuta", DevYa kasance

; 2010

* "Kada Ka Bar Ka Ta Ta", Justin Bieber 
* "Deuces", Chris Brown tare da Tyga da Kevin McCall
* "Babu Bullshit", Chris Brown 
* "U Smile", Justin Bieber 
* "Make a Movie", Twista tare da Chris Brown 
* "Kyakkyawan mafarki", Shontelle 
* "Swagger Right", RichGirl tare da Fabolous da Rick Ross 
* "Hakika 3x", Chris Brown 
* "Ma'ana Mug", Soulja Boy featuring 50 Cent 
* "Down on Me", Irmiya tare da 50 Cent 
* "Ass on the Floor", Diddy - Dirty Money featuring Swizz Beatz 
* "Champion", Chipmunk tare da Chris Brown 

## Manazarta
Transdev Auckland

**Transdev Auckland**, wacce a da **Veolia Transport Auckland** ce, da **Connex Auckland** wani reshe ne na Transdev Australasia wanda ke gudanar da jiragen fasinja na birane na Auckland a ƙarƙashin kwangilar daga Auckland Transport kan kayayyakin more rayuwa mallakar kuma ke kula da su wanda KiwiRail ke gudanarwa. Auckland Transport tana karɓar kuɗi don tallafawa waɗannan ayyukan daga Hukumar Sufuri ta NZ, wacce ke karɓar kuɗi daga harajin masu amfani da hanya da kuma kason Crown, da kuma daga Majalisar Auckland ta hanyar farashi.

Transdev kuma tana gudanar da ayyukan layin dogo na masu zirga-zirga na Wellington a matsayin Transdev Wellington tun daga watan Yulin 2016. 

## Tarihi
Tsohon mai kula da hanyar sadarwa ta jirgin ƙasa a Auckland shine Tranz Metro. Lokacin da Majalisar Yankin Auckland ta nemi a bayar da kwangilar sabuwar kwangilar, Tranz Metro ba ta bayar da tayin ba kuma Connex (daga baya Transdev) ya lashe tayin. An zaɓi Transdev a cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da John Holland da CAF don neman kwangilar ta gaba a 2021, amma ya sha kashi a hannun Auckland One Rail . Transdev Auckland ta daina aiki a ranar 15 ga Janairu 2022.   

## Cibiyar sadarwa
Transdev ta gudanar da ayyukanta akan layukan da ke ƙasa daga Britomart (wanda zai fara aiki daga 12 Maris 2017): 

* Ayyukan layin Eastern Line suna gudana tare da babban akwati na North Island (NIMT) ta hanyar Glen Innes zuwa Puhinui, sannan su ratsa zuwa reshen Manukau zuwa tashar Manukau .
* Ayyukan layin Southern suna gudana daga ramin Britomart akan NIMT, sannan layin Newmarket zuwa Newmarket, sannan layin North Auckland zuwa Westfield Junction (a arewacin Westfield - tashar da aka rufe har abada tun Maris 2017),  sannan NIMT zuwa Papakura, tare da sabis na jigilar jirgin ƙasa mai dizal tsakanin Papakura da Pukekohe .
* Ayyukan Western Line suna gudana daga ramin Britomart akan NIMT, sannan Newmarket Line zuwa Newmarket, sannan North Auckland Line ta hanyar Henderson zuwa Swanson .
* Ayyukan layin Onehunga suna gudana daga ramin Britomart akan NIMT, sannan layin Newmarket zuwa Newmarket, sannan layin North Auckland zuwa Penrose inda suka karkata zuwa reshen Onehunga zuwa tashar Onehunga .

## Manazarta
Andy Thomas

**Andrew Sydney Withiel Thomas**, AO (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Disamba 1951) masanin injiniya ne na Australiya da Amurka kuma tsohon ɗan saman jannati na NASA. Yana da kasa biyu;  ya zama ɗan ƙasar Amurka a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1986, yana fatan samun shiga cikin shirin ɗan saman jannati na NASA.  Ya auri ɗan'uwansa ɗan saman jannati na NASA Shannon Walker .

## Ilimi
Thomas ya tafi makarantar firamare ta St Andrews, Adelaide a Walkerville a Kudancin Australia sannan daga baya zuwa Kwalejin St Peter, Adelaide . Bayan makarantar sakandare, ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Adelaide, inda ya sami digiri na BEng tare da girmamawa na farko a 1973 da kuma digiri na PhD a 1978, duka biyu a cikin Injiniyan Injiniya.

Ya bayyana a cikin fitowar 1972 na Kwalejin Injiniya ta Jami'ar Adelaide (AUES) littafin shekara-shekara, *Hysteresis* . Rubutun da ke ƙasa da hoto na Thomas mai shekaru 21 ya karanta:

Shi ne babban jikan Frederick George Waterhouse, mai kula da farko na Gidan Tarihi na Cibiyar Kudancin Australia, kuma masanin halitta na John McDouall Stuart Expedition 1861-1862. 

## Farkon aiki
Yayinda yake yaro, yana girma a Fullarton, Adelaide, Thomas yana sha'awar sararin samaniya. Mahaifinsa ya bayyana yadda ya fara gina samfurin rokoki daga katako da filastik. Bayan kammala karatunsa, Thomas ya karɓi tayin daga Lockheed a Atlanta. A shekara ta 1990 ya kasance babban masanin kimiyyar iska na kungiyar. Ya ci gaba da aikinsa a fagen, yana jagorantar manyan mukamai na bincike.

## Ayyukan NASA
NASA ce ta zaɓi Thomas a watan Maris na shekara ta 1992 kuma ta ba da rahoton ga Cibiyar Johnson Space a watan Agustan shekara ta 1992. A watan Agustan 1993, bayan shekara guda na horo, an nada shi memba na NASA Astronaut Corps kuma ya cancanci aiki a matsayin kwararren kwararre a kan ma'aikatan jirgin sama na Space Shuttle.

## Daraja da kyaututtuka

* 2000: An nada shi Jami'in Order of Australia (AO) "don hidima ga kimiyya da fasaha ta hanyar shirin National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) a matsayin ɗan saman jannati da kuma gudummawa ga binciken ɗan adam na sararin samaniya. "
* 2001: Medal na Centenary 
* 2018: Rayuwa memba na Ƙungiyar Masana'antar sararin samaniya ta Ostiraliya 
* Ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyi kusa da tashar kasa da kasa da na cikin gida a Filin jirgin saman Adelaide (ADL) ana kiranta Andy Thomas Drive don girmama shi.

## Manazarta
Littafin Colin Thiele

Wadannan sune cikakken jerin littattafai da sauran rubuce-rubucen Colin Thiele, marubucin yara na Australiya.

 

## Labari ne

* *Ma'aikata a cikin gonar inabi*, 1970
* Gādon tsaba, 1986

## Takaitaccen Labari

* The Ghost of Gartenschmuck, daga A Handful of Ghosts: Thirteen Eerie Tales by Australian authors; wanda Barbara Ker Wilson ta tattara. 1976

## Ilimi

* *Mawallafin Australiya suna Magana*; Colin Thiele da Ian Mudie ne suka shirya su. 1961
* Masu farawa, don Allah! Ɗaya daga cikin Ayyuka don Makarantu; Colin Thiele da Greg Branson ne suka tattara shi. 1964
* Blue Fin, Abokin Ilimi. 1978
* *Littafin da Kafofin Watsa Labarai*, 1976
* *Labaran Australiya da aka fi so*; Colin Thiele ne ya tattara shi. 1963
* Littafin hannu don Labaran Australiya da aka fi so; wanda Colin Thiele ya tattara. 1964
* The Living Stage: Wasanni guda ɗaya don Makarantun Sakandare: Littafin 2; Colin Thiele da Greg Branson ne suka shirya shi. 1970
* Dubi Waƙoƙi; Colin Thiele ne ya shirya shi. 1960
* Ɗaya daga cikin Ayyuka don Makarantun Sakandare: Littafin 3; wanda Colin Thiele da Greg Branson suka tattara.
* Wasanni ga Matasan 'Yan wasa; Colin Thiele da Greg Branson ne suka tattara su. 1970
* *Saita Mataki: Wasanni guda ɗaya don Makarantun Sakandare: Littafin 1*; Colin Thiele da Greg Branson ne suka shirya shi. 1969
* *Yanayin jiharmu: Peeping A Kudancin Australia, Adelaide*, 1952
* Storm Boy, Abokin Ilimi. 1976  

## Manazarta

* An samo shi daga Laburaren ''Jami'ar Kudancin Australia''
Margaret Prosser, Baroness Prosser

**Margaret Theresa Prosser, Baroness Prosser**, OBE (an haife ta a ranar 22 ga Agusta 1937) abokiyar rayuwar Labour ce kuma tsohuwar mai rajin kare haƙƙin ma'aikata.

An haifi Prosser a ranar 22 ga Agusta 1937 a Tooting, London,  'yar Frederick James da Lillian (ɗan Barry) Prosser. 

Ta yi karatu a Makarantar Firamare ta St Boniface, Tooting da Makarantar St Philomena, Carshalton .  Ta yi karatu a matsayin ɗalibi mai girma a Kwalejin Fasaha ta North East London, inda ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Ba da Shawara da Nazarin Bayanai a shekarar 1977.

Prosser ta fara aiki a jam'iyyar Labour da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwadago a farkon shekarun 1970, inda ta tashi daga cikin ƙungiyar Sufuri da Ma'aikata ta Janar (T&G) ta zama Mataimakiyar Sakatare Janar a shekarar 1998.  Ta kasance Shugabar Majalisar Ƙungiyar ƙwadago a shekarar 1996.

Ta kasance memba a Hukumar Daidaito Damar Aiki 1985–92 da Hukumar Albashi Mai Sauƙi 2000–05. An naɗa ta a matsayin Jami'in Order of the British Empire (OBE) a bikin tunawa da ranar haihuwa ta 1997.  Daga 1996 zuwa 2001, ta kasance Ma'ajin Jam'iyyar Labour .  Daga 2002 zuwa 2006, ta kasance Shugabar Hukumar Mata ta Ƙasa .  

A ranar 11 ga Yuni 2004, an zaɓe ta a matsayin **Baroness Prosser**, daga Battersea a cikin gundumar London ta Wandsworth .   Daga 1 ga Nuwamba 2004 zuwa 31 ga Oktoba 2010 ta kasance Darakta mara zartarwa ta Royal Mail plc .  

Daga 2006 zuwa 2012 ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Shugabar Hukumar Daidaito da Haƙƙin Dan Adam .   A shekarar 2012 ta buga tarihin rayuwarta mai suna *"Your Seat is at the End"*, wanda aka rubuta tare da Greg Watts kuma tare da gabatarwa daga Tony Blair .  Tun daga shekarar 2019, Prosser ita ce Shugabar Kwamitin Amintattu na Masana'antu da Majalisar Dokoki, wanda ke aiki don haɓaka fahimtar kasuwanci tsakanin 'yan majalisa da masu tsara manufofi. 

Darakta ce a Progress Limited, wata cibiyar nazari kan harkokin siyasa kuma mai rijistar agaji. 

A shekarar 2020 ta kawo kudirin wani memba na Majalisar Dattawa don daidaita albashi a wurin aiki, wanda Fawcett Society ta tallafa masa. 

## Manazarta
Leon Carmen

**Leon Carmen** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1949)  marubuci ne ɗan ƙasar Ostiraliya wanda aka fi sani da yaudarar da ta samo asali daga marubucin littafin *My Own Sweet Time* —wanda ya rubuta a ƙarƙashin sunan "Wanda Koolmatrie".

## Bayani
Carmen ya girma a Torrens Park da ke Adelaide kuma ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Unley. Mahaifinsa ya mutu yana da shekaru goma sha huɗu. 

Carmen ta yi aure tana da shekaru 20, amma auren ya ƙare da saki. 

Ya buga kibiyoyi a cikin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban ciki har da Red Angel Panic, kuma ya yi ayyuka da dama, ciki har da: ma'aikacin gwamnati, direban tasi, da mai ɗaukar 'ya'yan itace. 

A kusan shekarar 1995, Carmen ta ƙaura zuwa Sydney. 

## ''Lokacin Daɗi Nawa''
A shekarar 1994, kamfanin buga littattafai na 'yan asalin ƙasar Magabala Books ya buga *My Own Sweet Time*,  wanda ake zargin wani labari ne na tarihin rayuwa ta marubuciya Wanda Koolmatrie—wata mace 'yar asalin ƙasar da aka haifa a cikin mutanen Pitjantjatjara a shekarar 1949.  Littafin ya yi cikakken bayani game da yadda aka ɗauke Koolmatrie daga mahaifiyarta a shekarar 1950 don iyayenta fararen fata su yi renon ta, kuma ta zama ɗaya daga cikin Tsararrun da aka Sace. A shekarar 1996, marubucin ya sami kyautar Dobbie Literary Award saboda aikin. 

Lokacin da Koolmatrie ya bai wa Magabala wani ci gaba na littafin a shekarar 1997, mawallafin ya gano ƙaryar kuma lamarin ya bayyana a bainar jama'a.  Gaskiyar cewa "Koolmatrie" ya zama farar direban tasi ɗan ƙasar Australiya mai suna Leon Carmen ya rikide ya zama "bala'i na ƙasa".   A wata hira da aka yi da shi daga baya, Carmen ya ce yana ƙoƙarin shiga kasuwar adabi kuma ya yi imanin cewa ba zai iya buga littafinsa ba tare da yaudara ba. 

Carmen ya bayyana cewa abokinsa kuma wakilinsa, John Bayley, ya san da shirin rubuta aikin a ƙarƙashin sunan barkwanci, kuma ya taimaka wajen zaɓar taken littafin. A shekarar 1997, ' Yan sandan NSW sun tattara "Taƙaitaccen Shaida" game da "Shari'ar 'Wanda'" a kan Bayley. A shekarar 2004 Bayley ya buga wani littafi game da lamarin, *Daylight Corroboree: Labarin farko na yaudarar "Wanda Koolmatrie"* .

Bugun farko na littafin My Own Sweet Time ya haɗa da kalamai masu goyon baya a murfin baya daga marubuciyar Australiya Dorothy Hewett da kuma daga masanin kimiyya kuma marubuci ɗan ƙasar Australia Philip Morrissey [1] — ba tare da izinin na ƙarshen ba.[1] An haɗa aikin a cikin wani kundin tarihin rayuwar ɗan ƙasar Australiya, kuma an yi amfani da shi azaman rubutu don jarrabawar takardar shaidar makarantar sakandare ta NSW.

## Manazarta
Golf na Copperleaf da Kasuwanci

**Copperleaf Golf and Country Estate** wani fili ne na zama da kuma kulob na golf a Centurion, Gauteng, Afirka ta Kudu . Yana cikin karkara a wajen Johannesburg da Pretoria. Ya haɗa da Els Club, filin wasan golf wanda Ernie Els, ɗan wasan golf na Afirka ta Kudu, ya tsara. An gina filin ne a kan ƙasa wadda ta taɓa mallakar kakan Els, Ernie Vermaak.

An fara ƙaddamar da wannan fili a tsakiyar shekarar 2004 a ƙarƙashin sunan Gardener Ross Golf da Country Estate. A shekarar 2010, Investec Property ta sayi wannan gini, inda ta sake sanya masa suna Copperleaf Golf & Country Estate. 

## Ƙungiyar Els
Els Club da ke Copperleaf filin wasan golf ne mai ramuka 18 wanda Ernie Els ya tsara kuma aka buɗe a shekarar 2007. An yi shi a matsayin "tsarin zamani" a cikin ciyawar Highveld ta Afirka ta Kudu, ƙirar ta yi amfani da yanayin ƙasa na gidan, tare da ciyayi na asali, tsaunuka masu faɗi, da kuma kyawawan wurare na Magaliesberg .  Tana shimfiɗa kimanin mita 7,315 daga tees na gasar zakarun (baƙi) zuwa mita 5,117 daga tees na gaba, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama ɗaya daga cikin darussa mafi tsayi a duniya.  An gina filin bisa ga ƙa'idodin USGA, filin shine wurin da aka shirya gasar Tshwane Open ta 2013 da 2014 a kan DP World (wanda a da ake kira Turai ). 

Babban ramin da ya fi fice a The Els Club da ke Copperleaf shine rami na 6, mai tsawon mita 375 par-4. Dole ne a yi amfani da bugun tee don amfani da gefen dama na titin, ba tare da amfani da direba ba, don yin tafiya a kan gangaren daga dama zuwa hagu. Daga nan, 'yan wasa suna fuskantar kusanci mai kusurwa a kan ruwa zuwa wani kore mai tsayi. 

Wasu ramuka da dama suna kawo ƙalubale: rami na 3, dogon par-3 wanda daga baya yake buga fiye da mita 250; na 4, par-5 mai tsawon mita 626, mafi tsawo a tarihin Turai Tour, kwanan nan ya gajarta. Na 11, par-5 mai gangara mai tsayi tare da kore mai tsayi, yana ba da tazara daga tee, yayin da par-3 na 14 ya fito fili saboda rashin haɗarin bunker ko ruwa, wanda ba kasafai ake samu a golf na Afirka ta Kudu ba, yana dogara ne akan tsayi da kore mai ƙalubale. 
Fayil:Water_Hazard_of_17th_hole_at_The_Els_Club_Copperleaf.jpg|alt=Water Hazard of 17th hole at The Els Club Copperleaf| Haɗarin Ruwa na rami na 17 a Els Club Copperleaf
Fayil:View_of_fairway_from_Copperleaf_6th_Green_over_Water_Hazard.jpg|alt=fairway from Copperleaf 6th Green over Water Hazard| fairway daga Copperleaf 6th Green akan Ruwa Hazard
Fayil:View_of_Copperleaf_Golf_&_Country_estate.jpg|alt=Rough between Tee's of 10th hole| Takaici tsakanin Tee's na rami na 10
**Buɗe Tshwane:**

## Manazarta
Gidan Tarihin Yahudawa na Galicia

**Gidan Tarihi na Yahudawa na Galicia** (Yaren mutanen Poland: *Żydowskie Muzeum Galicja*) yana kan titin 18 Dajwór a yankin Kazimierz na tarihi na yankin Yahudawa na Kraków, Poland. Nunin hoto ne da ke nuna ragowar al'adun Yahudawa da rayuwar da ke Galicia ta Poland, wadda a da take da ban sha'awa sosai a wannan yanki.

## Tarihi
An kafa gidan tarihin a watan Afrilun 2004 ta hannun ɗan jaridar ɗaukar hoto na Birtaniya Chris Schwarz (wanda mahaifinsa ya fito daga Lwów ), tare da haɗin gwiwar Farfesa Jonathan Webber na UNESCO,  a ƙoƙarin bikin al'adun Yahudawa na Galicia na Poland da kuma tunawa da waɗanda suka rasa rayukansu a kisan kiyashin Holocaust a Poland.

Following Schwarz' early death in 2007, Kate Craddy became the director of the museum. She was followed by Jakub Nowakowski in 2010. Both English and Polish have remained the museum's main operating languages. The museum welcomes over 30,000 visitors annually from around the world.

## Nunin Nunin

Babban baje kolin gidan tarihi, *Traces of Memory*, sakamakon haɗin gwiwa na shekaru goma sha biyu tsakanin mai ɗaukar hoto da wanda ya kafa gidan tarihi Chris Schwarz da wani masanin Birtaniya Jonathan Webber. Yana tunawa da kasancewar Yahudawa na shekaru 800 a yammacin Galicia (kudu maso gabashin Poland a yau) ta hanyar hotunan majami'u, makabartu da sauran kayan tarihi na kasancewar Yahudawa a yankin da har yanzu ake gani a yau. An raba baje kolin zuwa sassa biyar, wanda ke wakiltar hanyoyi daban-daban na kusanci tarihin Yahudawa a Galicia ta Poland: *Rayuwar Yahudawa a Rugujewa*, *Al'adun Yahudawa kamar yadda Yake a Da*, *Holocaust: Wuraren Kisa da Lalacewa*, *Yadda Ake Tunawa da Baya* da Kuma *Mutane Suna Tunawa A Yau* . Wani ɓangare na baje kolin an keɓe shi ne ga sansanin tattara bayanai na Auschwitz .

A shekarar 2008, gidan kayan tarihi ya haɗu da Cibiyar Yahudawa ta Auschwitz don ƙirƙirar baje kolin *Jaruman Poland*, wanda ke mai da hankali kan Masu adalci na Poland a Tsakanin Al'ummai . A yau, ana iya ganin baje kolin a gidajen tarihi shida a faɗin Poland, Ingila da Amurka.

## Ayyuka
Gidan tarihin yana ba da dama ga ƙungiyoyi su haɗu da waɗanda suka karɓi kyaututtukan Poland na adalci tsakanin ƙasashe da kuma waɗanda suka tsira daga kisan kiyashi da kuma waɗanda suka tsira daga sansanin tsare mutane .

Baya ga yawon bude ido da tarurruka, cibiyar ilimi ta gidan kayan tarihi tana ba da bita, laccoci, da tarurruka kan addinin Yahudawa da al'adunsu da kuma kisan kiyashin Yahudawa ga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na shekaru.  Ita ce ɗaya daga cikin masu samar da azuzuwan ilimi na Holocaust na dindindin don ziyartar makarantu.  

Gidan tarihin yana yawan shirya kade-kade na klezmer da sauran al'adu. A shekara ta 2010, Gidan Tarihin Yahudawa na Galicia ya zama abokin tarayya na hukuma na Ofishin Jakadancin Austria a Ƙasashen Waje .

## Manazarta