Louisa Garrett Anderson

**Louisa Garrett Anderson**, CBE (28 ga Yulin 1873 - 15 ga Nuwamba 1943) ta kasance majagaba ce ta kiwon lafiya, memba ne na Kungiyar Mata da Siyasa, mai ba da izini, kuma Mai gyara zamantakewa. Ita ce 'yar mai kafa likitanci Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, wanda ta rubuta tarihin rayuwarta a 1939.

Anderson ta kasance Babban Likita na Asibitin Mata (WHC) kuma Fellow na Royal Society of Medicine . Kakanta, Dame Millicent Fawcett, 'yar Burtaniya ce. Abokinta shi ne abokin aikin likita kuma mai ba da izini Flora Murray . Dan uwanta shine Dokta Mona Chalmers Watson, wanda kuma ya goyi bayan mata masu sufragettes kuma ya kafa rundunar mata ta mata. 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Louisa Garrett Anderson ita ce babba cikin 'ya'ya uku na Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, mace ta farko da ta cancanci zama likita a Burtaniya, co-kafa Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta London don Mata kuma mace ta farko a matsayin magajin gari na Burtaniya. Mahaifinta shi ne James George Skelton Anderson, mai haɗin gwiwar Kamfanin Jirgin Ruwa na Gabas tare da kawunsa Arthur Anderson . Ta yi karatu a Makarantar St Leonards da ke St Andrews da London School of Medicine for Women, inda ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kiwon lafiya da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin tiyata a shekara ta 1898. Anderson ta sami Dokta na Medicine a cikin 1900, ta shiga cikin ƙarin karatun digiri a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Johns Hopkins kuma ta yi tafiya don lura da ayyukan a Paris da Chicago.

## Farkon aiki
Duk da karatunta, Anderson ba ta iya shiga babban asibiti ba, tunda halayen a lokacin sun yi adawa da likitocin mata da ke kula da maza da mata. A sakamakon haka, a cikin 1902 ta shiga Sabon Asibitin Mata, asibitin mata kawai wanda mahaifiyarta ta kafa, wanda ke kula da mata da yara. Anderson ya fara aiki a matsayin mataimakin tiyata sannan daga baya a matsayin babban likitan tiyata. Ta yi aikin gynaecological da na gaba ɗaya kuma ta buga takarda tare da likitan asibiti a cikin 1908 tana tattauna ayyukanta na hysterectomy da kuma rarraba shari'o'i 265 na ciwon daji na mahaifa da aka kula a Sabon Asibitin Mata. 

## Hakkin Mata

Daga 1903, Anderson ya kasance mai aiki a cikin kungiyoyin da ke da alaƙa da NUWSS, wanda ke ba da shawara don samun haƙƙin jefa kuri'a ta hanyar zaman lafiya. Rashin jin daɗi game da rashin ci gaba a kan haƙƙin jefa kuri'a, a cikin 1907 ta zama memba mai aiki na WSPU mai tsattsauran ra'ayi. A ranar 18 ga Nuwamba 1910, Anderson ta haɗu da mahaifiyarta, Emmeline Pankhurst, Alfred Caldecott, Hertha Ayrton, Mrs Elmy, Hilda Brackenbury, Princess Sophia Duleep Singh da mata 300 don yin kira ga Firayim Minista Asquith don haƙƙin jefa kuri'a. An san zanga-zangar da Black Friday saboda tashin hankali da cin zarafin jima'i da masu zanga-zambe suka fuskanta daga 'yan sanda da maza masu kallo. An kama mata sama da ɗari, gami da Anderson, amma an sake su duka ba tare da tuhuma ba. A shekara ta 1912, an yanke mata hukuncin aiki tuƙuru na makonni shida a Holloway saboda ayyukanta na sufragist, wanda ya haɗa da karya taga na dukiya a 47 Rutland Gate . 

A shekara ta 1914, Anderson ta shiga Agnes Harben da sabuwar ƙungiyar mata da maza: H. J. Gillespie, Gerald Gould, Bessie Lansbury da George Lansbury, Mary Neal, Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence, Julia Scurr da John Scurr, Evelyn Sharp, da Edith Ayrton, Louise Eates da Lena Ashwell don fara United Suffragists, wanda ya girma ya sami rassa a London, Liverpool, Edinburgh da Glasgow

## Magunguna - Yaƙin Duniya na I
Lokacin da Yaƙin Duniya na farko ya ɓarke, Anderson da Flora Murray sun kafa Asibitin Mata (WHC), kuma sun dauki mata don ma'aikata. Da yake gaskata cewa Ofishin Yakin Burtaniya zai ƙi tayin taimako, kuma da sanin cewa Faransanci suna buƙatar taimakon likita, sun ba da taimakon su ga Red Cross na Faransa.  Faransanci sun yarda da tayin su kuma sun ba su sararin sabon otal ɗin da aka gina, Claridge's, a Paris a matsayin asibitin su.  An nada Murray Médecin-en-Chef (*Babban Likita*) kuma Anderson ya zama babban likitan tiyata.

Murray ta ba da rahoton a cikin rubutunta cewa wakilan da suka ziyarci Ofishin Yakin Burtaniya sun yi mamakin samun asibiti da matan Burtaniya ke gudanarwa cikin nasara, kuma ba da daɗewa ba an bi da asibitin a matsayin asibitin taimakon Burtaniya maimakon na Faransa. Leneman, L (April 1994). "Medical women at war, 1914-1918". *Medical History*. **38** (2): 160–177. doi:. ISSN&nbsp;0025-7273. PMC&nbsp;1036842. PMID&nbsp;8007751. Baya ga asibitin da ke birnin Paris, Asibitin Mata ya kuma gudanar da wani asibitin soja a Wimereux.

A watan Janairun 1915, an fara kwashe wadanda suka mutu zuwa Ingila don magani. Ofishin Yakin ya gayyaci Murray da Anderson su koma London don gudanar da babban asibiti, Asibitin Soja na Endell Street (ESMH), a karkashin Royal Army Medical Corps. ESMH ta kula da kusan sojoji 50,000 tsakanin Mayu 1915 da Satumba 1919 lokacin da aka rufe shi.

A Endell, Anderson da likitan asibiti, Helen Chambers, sun fara sabuwar hanyar magance raunukan septic, maganin antiseptic da ake kira BIPP (bismuth, iodoform, da paraffin paste). James Rutherford Morison ne ya kirkiro abin da ya faru. Bayan sakamako mai kyau daga wasu gwaje-gwaje na farko da Anderson ya yi, Morison ta nemi ita da Chambers su gudanar da babban gwaji na BIPP a 1916. Anderson ya buga binciken shari'a a cikin The *Lancet,* ya kammala cewa wannan hanyar ta ceci marasa lafiya ciwo kuma ta fi kyau fiye da hanyar Carrel-Dakin, wacce ta yi amfani da maganin antiseptic mai ƙarfi amma dole ne a sake amfani da shi akai-akai don ya zama mai tasiri. Tunda ana iya barin bandeji na dogon lokaci, hanyar BIPP ta rage lokacin da ake amfani da shi wajen canza bandeji da kusan kashi 80%. Likitoci sun karɓi BIPP sosai a sauran yakin, kodayake ra'ayi tsakanin likitoci sun kasance sun rabu game da hanya mafi kyau don maganin rauni. Duk da ci gaba da muhawara, an kuma yi amfani da BIPP a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu kuma yana ci gaba da amfani da shi a yau a cikin kunne, hanci, makogwaro, maxillofacial, da hanyoyin neurosurgery.

## Kyaututtuka
Murray da Anderson an nada su ne a cikin Order of the British Empire a matsayin Kwamandoji (CBE) a watan Agustan 1917, a matsayin wani ɓangare na rukuni na farko da ya karbi girmamawa.

## Mutuwa
Anderson ya mutu a Brighton kuma an ƙone shi. An watsar da toka a kan Kudancin Downs. An tuna da ita a kan kabarin Murray, kusa da gidansu a Penn, Buckinghamshire . Rubutun ya karanta: Ga ƙaunataccen ƙaunataccen abokan aiki da kuma tunawa da

Flora Murray

CBE, MD, BS Durham, DPH. Cambridge

Yarinya ta Com John Murray RN

Murraythwaite, Dumfriesshire

An haife shi 8 ga Mayu 1869

Ya mutu 26 ga Yuli 1923

Ta umurci asibitin soja na Endell Street London tare da matsayi na Lieutenant Colonel RAMC 1915 -1919

Allah ya ba ta ƙarfin jagora, ta tausayi da kuma warkarwa

Da kuma abokinta

Louisa Garrett Anderson

C.B.E., MD, Babban Likitan Asibitin Mata na 1914-1919

Yar James George Skelton Anderson da Elizabeth Garrett Anderson na Aldeburgh, Suffolk.

An haife shi a ranar 28 ga Yuli 1873

Ya mutu 15 ga Nuwamba 1943

Mun yi farin ciki sosai

## Tarihin Tarihi
Ana gudanar da tarihin Louisa Garrett Anderson a ɗakin karatu na mata a ɗakin karatu ya Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London, 7LGA] .

## Sanarwar bayan mutuwarsa
Sunan Anderson da hotonsa (da na wasu magoya bayan mata 58) suna kan matattarar mutum-mutumi na Millicent Fawcett a filin majalisa, London, wanda aka bayyana a shekarar 2018.

## Dubi kuma

* Tarihin mata
* Jerin masu goyon bayan mata da mata

## Manazarta

### Sauran tushe

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## Haɗin waje

* Elizabeth Garrett Anderson
* Shafin BBC akan Elizabeth Garrett Anderson
* Takardun Louisa Garrett Anderson
* Hotuna a National Portrait Gallery
* Mata a cikin Babban Yakin - Ƙungiyoyin Mata a cikin Sojojin Burtaniya
* Wellcome Library - Asibitin Soja a Endell Street
* PubMed Central - Ayyuka da Kalmomi a Asibitin Soja na Suffrage a Endell Street - gami da hotuna