Tasirin haƙƙin ɗan adam na takunkumin Amurka akan Iran

Takunkumin Amurka a kan Iran ya sami mummunar tasirin jin kai a kan al'ummar Iran. Saboda yanayin takunkumin, haƙƙin 'yan Iran na kiwon lafiya, ilimi, da sauran fannoni na' yancin ɗan adam sun sami mummunar tasiri. Takunkumin sakandare na Amurka ya haifar da "mafi girman kai" daga wasu kamfanoni. Sanctions sun yi tasiri a rayuwar mutane ban da wadatar kwayoyi. An ruwaito mutane da yawa sun mutu sakamakon takunkumin fiye da Yaƙin Amurka da Iraki a Iran.

Yara da ke fama da epidermolysis bullosa, wanda aka fi sani da yara masu kama da malam buɗe ido, haemophilics da mutanen da ke fama le cutar kanjamau suna daga cikin kungiyoyin da suka fi fama da cutar. Har ila yau, takunkumin Amurka ya hana ikon Iran na yaki da barkewar cutar COVID-19.

## Takunkumin Amurka a kan Iran
 
Tun daga shekara ta 1979, Amurka ta sanya takunkumi daban-daban kan tattalin arziki, kasuwanci, kimiyya da kuma soja a kan Iran. Takunkumin Amurka a kan Iran ya haɗa da takunkumin cinikayya da Amurka ta yi da kasar, da kuma haramta sayar da jirgin sama da sassan gyare-gyare ga kamfanonin jirgin sama na Iran. 

## Abubuwan jin kai
takunkumi Amurka a kan Iran yana tare da mummunan tasirin jin kai. Dangane da dokar kasa da kasa, dole ne Amurka ta tantance tasirin takunkumin da ta yi a kan 'yancin Iran kuma ta magance duk wani keta doka da takunkumin ya haifar. Saboda babbar hanyar sadarwa ta takunkumin Amurka, bankunan da kamfanoni sun janye daga cinikin jin kai tare da Iran, suna barin 'yan Iran da ke fama da cututtuka masu wuya ko masu tsanani ba su iya samun magani da jiyya da ake buƙata ba.

A cewar Alena Douhan, mai ba da rahoto na musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan matakan tilastawa, kungiyoyin da suka hada da "[mutane masu] cututtuka masu tsanani, nakasassu, 'yan gudun hijirar Afghanistan, gidajen da mata ke jagoranta da yara" suna da mummunar tasiri daga matakan. Ta kara da cewa "sanctions sun kara tsananta yanayin jin kai a Iran".

## Abubuwan kiwon lafiya da magunguna

Magunguna da kayan aikin kiwon lafiya ba su fada ƙarƙashin takunkumin kasa da kasa ba, amma Iran tana fuskantar karancin magunguna don maganin cututtuka 30 - gami da ciwon daji, matsalolin zuciya da numfashi, Talasemia da Multiple sclerosis (MS) - saboda ba a yarda ta yi amfani da tsarin biyan kuɗi na kasa da kasa. Dangane da binciken da Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa da Kasa ta Woodrow Wilson ta yi, shigo da miyagun ƙwayoyi zuwa Iran daga Amurka da Turai ya ragu da kusan kashi 30% a shekarar 2012.

A cikin 2013, Guardian ya bayyana cewa sama da marasa lafiya 85,000 na ciwon daji suna buƙatar nau'ikan chemotherapy da radiotherapy. Gwamnatocin Yammacin Turai sun kafa keɓancewa a cikin tsarin takunkumi don tabbatar da cewa muhimman magunguna zasu iya wucewa, amma waɗannan keɓancewa suna cikin rikici tare da ƙuntatawa na banki da iyakoki akan sunadarai "amfani biyu" waɗanda zasu iya samun aikin likita da na soja.

### Yaran butterfly

epidermolysis bullosa (EB) mummunan yanayi ne na fata wanda ke haifar da raunuka masu zafi kuma galibi ana ganinsa a cikin yara, waɗanda ake kira "yara butterfly" saboda launin fata. Rashin fata ga waɗanda ke da EB ya zama mai raɗaɗi sosai cewa marasa lafiya galibi suna kwatanta fatarsu da ƙonewa ta uku. Da yake magana da Aljazeera, wani mai haƙuri na EB na Iran ya kwatanta ciwo tare da "ruwa mai tafasa, saukowa ta hanyar saukowa a kan fatarka. "  Duk da wannan, Mölnlycke Health Care, wani kamfani na Sweden wanda ke ƙera, *Mepilex* mai shan kumfa,  bandages wanda aka ce shine mafi inganci ga yanayin su, ya yanke shawarar dakatar da jigilar kayayyaki zuwa Iran saboda tsoron takunkumi na biyu sakamakon wuce gona da iri. Cibiyar Shari'ar Laifuka ta Duniya ta Iran (ICICL), da ke zaune a The Hague, ta bayyana a cikin 2021 cewa kimanin marasa lafiya 30 na Iran da ke fama da EB - galibi yara - sun mutu tun lokacin da Mölnlycke ya daina sayar da kayan raunin ga Iran. Dangane da binciken da EB Home, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta Iran ta taimaka wajen samar da marasa lafiya na EB na Iran tare da tufafin Sweden, kamfanin Molnlycke ya bayyana a watan Maris na 2019 cewa saboda Takunkumin Amurka "ya yanke shawarar kada ya gudanar da wani kasuwanci da ke da alaƙa da Iran a halin yanzu".

A ranar 19 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019, jakadan Iran a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, [./Majid_Takht-R&#x3C;i&#x20;id= Ava" id="mwhQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Majid Takht-Ravanchi">Majid Takht Ravanchi], ya yi jawabi ga Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkinobho kuma ya ambaci wata yarinya mai shekaru biyu, Ava wacce ta mutu saboda cutar EB, a cikin maganganunsa:
 

### Haemophilia
Kimanin mutane 40,000 da ke fama da haemophilic ba su iya samun magungunan zubar da jini ba, kuma an jinkirta ayyukan haemophiliya saboda haɗarin da karancin ya haifar. Wani matashi mai cutar haemophilic ya mutu daga rashin lafiyarsa sakamakon karancin magunguna da takunkumin ya haifar.

### HIV / AIDS
Kimanin 'yan Iran 73,000 da ke fama da cutar kanjamau / AIDS suna da iyakacin samun magungunan da suke buƙata don su kasance lafiya. Dakatar da maganin cutar kanjamau saboda rashin magungunan rigakafin retroviral na iya haifar da kwayar cutar kanjamaun cutar kanjamaan HIV ta canza, wanda ke haifar da nau'ikan kwayar cutar HIV masu tsayayya, yana mai da wuya a magance ta. Magungunan HIV, suna da mahimmanci don sarrafa kamuwa da kwayar cutar HIV ta hanyar kawar da kwayar cuta ta HIV. Magungunan HIV na iya kula da ƙididdigar ƙwayoyin cuta da ba za a iya ganowa ba, yana sa ba zai yiwu kwayar cutar ta sake maimaitawa ba kuma ta watsa wa wasu ta hanyar jima'i, ƙarin jini, allura ko shayarwa. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don hana yaduwar cutar kanjamau da rage yaduwar annobar a duniya (Undectable = Untransmittable).

### Rashin jinin jini
Kungiyar da ke wakiltar 'yan Iran 8,000 da ke da thalassemia, rikicewar jini, ta ba da rahoton cewa membobinta sun fara mutuwa saboda rashin magani mai mahimmanci, deferoxamine, wanda ake buƙata don daidaita abun cikin baƙin ƙarfe na jini. Bugu da kari, Iran ba ta iya siyan kayan aikin kiwon lafiya kamar autoclaves ba, waɗanda ake buƙata don ƙirƙirar magunguna da yawa, tunda wasu daga cikin manyan kamfanonin magunguna na Yammacin Turai sun ki gudanar da kasuwanci tare da ƙasar.

Magunguna na musamman kamar maganin da ke da jini mai laushi Rivaroxaban, wanda ake siyarwa a ƙarƙashin sunan Xarelto, ya zama da wahala a samu da sayen a Iran saboda takunkumin Amurka. Ana amfani da magungunan da ke da ƙarancin jini kamar Xarelto don taimakawa hana hawan jini ga marasa lafiya masu haɗari.

### A lokacin annobar COVID-19
A lokacin annobar COVID-19, China, United Kingdom, Group of 77, da masana sun bukaci Amurka da ta sauƙaƙa takunkumi a kan Iran don taimakawa wajen yaki da karuwar barkewar coronavirus. "Babu wata shakka cewa ikon Iran na amsawa ga sabon coronavirus ya sami cikas daga takunkumin tattalin arziki na gwamnatin Trump, kuma yawan wadanda suka mutu yana iya zama mafi girma fiye da yadda zai kasance a sakamakon haka, Cibiyar Nazarin Tattalin Arziki da Manufofin (CEPR) Co-direkta Mark Weisbrot ya ce. Ya kara da cewa babu wata shakka cewa takunkumin ya hana ikon Iran na hana barkewar cutar, wanda ya haifar da karin cututtuka da yiwuwar yaduwar kwayar cutar a waje da iyakokin kasar.

Gudanar da rikicin COVID-19 a Iran ya zama mafi rikitarwa sakamakon sakamakon sakamakon takunkumin. Human Rights Watch ta fitar da wata sanarwa a ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 2020, inda ta bukaci Amurka da ta sauƙaƙa takunkumi a kan Iran don Iran ta sami damar "samun amfani da mahimman albarkatun jin kai a lokacin annobar [coronavirus].

Bloomberg ya ruwaito a watan Oktoba 2020 cewa takunkumin Amurka ya hana jigilar allurar rigakafin mura miliyan 2. Red Crescent Society of Iran ta ba da rahoton cewa tsananin takunkumin tattalin arziki ya sa Bankin Shahr na cikin gida ya zama mara kuɗi, don haka ya dakatar da muhimmiyar kaya.

## Dubi kuma

* Yakin matsa lamba mafi girma

## manazarta