J. W. Legge

**John Williamson Legge**, wanda aka fi sani da **Jack Legge** (3 Afrilu 1917 - 29 Oktoba 1996),  masanin kimiyyar halittu ne na Australiya kuma mai fafutukar kwaminisanci. Ya fi shahara da aikinsa wajen gwada tasirin iskar mustard ga sojojin Australiya a yanayin zafi a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Legge a 18 Beaver Street, East Malvern, Victoria ɗa kaɗai ne na Congregationalist Rev. George Alexander Williamson Legge (1871 - 22 Maris 1931)  kuma na biyu : matarsa 100 Florence Legge, née Laver.  Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Geelong da Jami'ar Melbourne, ya kammala BSc a waje a shekarar 1938. 

Ba da daɗewa ba kafin kammala karatunsa, ya koma Sydney don yin aiki a ƙarƙashin Dokta M. Rudolf "Rudi" Lemberg a Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya ta Kolling a ƙarƙashin tallafi daga Majalisar Binciken Kiwon Lafiyar Kasa (NH & MRC) don nazarin metabolism na jini.[1] Binciken da suka yi ya haifar da littafin da suka yi nasara Hematin Compounds and Bile Pigments da aka buga a shekarar 1949.[2] A matsayinsa na darektan dakin gwaje-gwaje na binciken halittu, Lemberg ya nada Legge a 1937. "Waɗannan su ne kwanakin barazanar Nazism. Legge the Marxist da Lemberg the social democrat sun yi jayayya ta hanyar rikice-rikicen tarihi na akidar don samar da haɗin kai na biyu. Farin cikin Lemberg na samun wani wanda ke magana da yare ɗaya da girmamawar Legge ga hankalinsa ya zama fahimta da ƙauna wanda ya kasance na tsawon rai. "[3]

## Binciken makamai masu guba
Tun a farkon 1939, Legge yana tunani sosai game da kariya daga hare-haren iska, gami da hare-harun gas a kan fararen hula. A watan Yulin 1939, ya zama memba na kafa kungiyar ma'aikatan kimiyya ta Australia . Wannan kungiya, wacce aka kafa a matsayin tushen kasa da masana'antu ga al'ummomin kimiyya na yanzu, an rushe ta a cikin 1949 sakamakon hare-haren siyasa da aka kafa a cikin Cold War hysteria. Daga 1942 zuwa 1946 Legge ya yi aiki tare da Sashen Binciken Yakin Chemical na Australiya & Gwaje-gwaje (daga baya aka sani da Kamfanin 1st Field Trials, Royal Australian Engineers)  kan bincike kan tufafi masu kariya da sauran fannoni na tsaro daga hare-haren yaki da sinadarai a yanayin zafi. Saboda bukatar gudanar da gwaje-gwaje a yanayin zafi, ƙungiyarsa ta yi aiki a duk faɗin Arewa da Arewacin Queensland. Abu mai mahimmanci, ya gano cewa sinadarin da ke cikin tufafin kariya na Burtaniya ya amsa a yanayin zafi don samar da aniline, sinadarin mai guba. Bayan wannan binciken, an gwada tufafin kariya na Amurka kuma an gano sun dace, kodayake ba su da kwanciyar hankali. Wannan ya haɗa da binciken ilimin lissafi game da tasirin gwajin iskar mustard gas kan masu sa kai na Sojojin Tsaro na Australiya a Townsville, North Brook Island, Proserpine da Mission Beach. Legge da wani ɗan'uwan masanin kimiyyar halittu (daga baya Farfesa Sir) Hugh Ennor sun tsara kuma sun kula da gina ɗakin iskar gas mai sarrafa zafin jiki na 100 m3. Legge ya bayyana aikin a matsayin "mai banƙyama" amma ya zama dole, saboda an san cewa sojojin Japan suna da manyan kayayyaki na wannan gas, kuma cewa zafi da zafi na wurare masu zafi za su sa ya fi tasiri a amfani fiye da yadda ya kasance a Yammacin Gabas a Yaƙin Duniya na I. : 60 A wannan lokacin, an tuno da shi kamar yadda Jack Legge ya tuno shi a matsayin "mutumin da ba shi da kyau, mai hankali a cikin gardama kuma mai rinjaye a cikin shugabanci". A rayuwarsa ta baya ya goyi bayan da'awar diyya daga waɗancan masu sa kai waɗanda suka sha wahala daga rashin lafiya mai tsanani wanda watakila ya kasance sakamakon waɗannan gwaje-gwaje. Wannan ya haɗa da mai daukar hoto na aikin, wanda ya sami matsala mai tsanani na numfashi saboda bayyanar aikinsa ga gas, wanda daga baya ya mutu. Fim din fim na 1989 Keen as Mustard ya rubuta waɗannan abubuwan.

## Gallery: aiki tare da Sashen Binciken Yakin Chemical na Australiya & Gwaje-gwaje

Fayil:Jean_Brazill,_Jack_Legge,_Alice_Carvoso,_Innisfail,_1943.jpg|Legge with colleagues at fancy-dress party, Innisfail, 1943
Fayil:Demountable_gas_trial_chamber_MKII,_Innisfail,_1943.jpg|Example of gas chamber, Innisfail, 1943
Fayil:Jack_Legge_&_members_of_the_Australian_Chemical_Warfare_Research_and_Experimental_Section,_later_known_as_the_1st_Field_Trials_Company_clean_up_after_Christmas_dinner.jpg|Legge (holding pot) and colleagues help clean up after Christmas dinner. Innisfail, 1943
Fayil:Volunteers,_Mustard_Gas_Trials,_North_Brook_Island,_1944.jpg|Legge briefing volunteers, North Brook Island, 1944
Fayil:Mr_John_(Jack)_Legge_(physiologist)_stands_above_a_bomb_crater_and_Captain_Howard_Earle_Skipper_(United_States_Army_biochemist)_stands_in_the_crater,_surrounded_by_strewn_rubble_and_branches_in_tropical_rainforest_on_North_Brook_Island.jpg|Legge stands above a bomb crater on North Brook Island, Jan 1944
Fayil:Jack_Legge_&_Olive_Lucas_checking_goats_in_weapons_pit_prior_to_mustard_gas_experiment_Brook_Island_3_March_1944.jpg|Legge & Lucas checking on goats to be used in mustard gas experiments, North Brook Island, 1944
Fayil:Brook_Island,_Qld._c.1944-03-04._Mr_John_(Jack)_Legge,_a_pathologist_with_the_Australian_Chemical_Warfare_Research_and_Experimental_Section,_Royal_Australian_Engineers,_carrying_out_a_post_mortem_on_a_goat.jpg|Legge conducting a post-mortem on one of the goats the next day
Fayil:Staff_of_the_physiology_laboratory_at_the_1st_Australian_Field_Trials_Company_RAE_at_Gunyarra,_Proserpine,_Qld.jpg|On base near Proserpine. Legge is at back right


## Manazarta