Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam ta Farko

**Kungiyar** Hakkin Dan Adam ta Farko ( *HRFS*,    ) kungiya ce mai zaman kanta  wacce ke neman habaka Hakkin dan adam a cikin masarautar Saudiyya. Tana daya daga cikin yan tsirarun kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a Saudi Arabiya masu sa'ido kan yancin dan adam,  tare da Kungiyar Hakkin Jama'a da Siyasa ta Saudi Arabia,  Kungiyar Ci Gaba da Sauye  da Kungiyar Kariya da Tsaro na Mata. Hakkoki a Saudiyya. An kaddamar da HRFS ne a matsayin wata kungiya mai sadaukar da kai don kare Hakkin dan Adam a Saudiyya bisa koyarwar addinin Musulunci. HRFS tana tsaye ne don aiwatar da doka, yancin fadar albarkacin baki da tarayya, da kuma kawar da duk wata wariya a cikin al'ummar Saudiyya bisa tushen jinsi ko addini.

## Kafa da matsayi
A shekara ta 2002, Ibrahim al-Mugaiteb ya kirkiro kuma ya jagoranci kungiyar Human Rights First Society (HRFS) wanda ya nemi gwamnatin Saudiyya don amincewa da Kungiyar a doka.  Duk da haka, an hana aikace-aikacen. Koda yake ba a ba HRFS matsayin gwamnati ba,   , ya kasance ba a san shi ba, amma gwamnati ta yarda ya wanzu ba bisa ka'ida ba. 

Dokar asali ta Saudiyya ba ta yi magana game da 'yancin yin tarayya ba, kuma gwamnati ta iyakance wannan Hakkin a aikace. Gwamnati ta haramta kafa jam’iyyun siyasa ko duk wata kungiya da take ganin tana adawa da gwamnatin ko kuma tana kalubalantar ikon Sarki.  Dole ne duk kungiyoyi su sami lasisi kuma su bi ka'idodinta da ka'idodinta. HRFS ba su sami amsa ga bukatarsu ta lasisin gwamnati ba, duk da haka, sun ci gaba da aiwatar da manufarsu. Da yake kungiyar ba ta da lasisi a hukumance, har yanzu ba a san ko wane irin ayyukan kungiya ne aka halatta ba kuma wanda zai iya fuskantar hukunci daga gwamnati. Bugu da kari, ba tare da lasisi kungiyar ba za ta iya tara duk wani kuɗin aiki wanda saboda haka ya iyakance ayyukanta. Duk da haka, ya zuwa shekara ta 2016, HRFS na ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukanta na zaman kanta a matsayin kungiya mai zaman kanta kuma har yanzu kungiyoyin gwamnati suna sane da su. 

## Manufar
Manufar HRFS ita ce a karshen ta kare Hassan dan adam a Saudi Arabiya. HRFS ta yi imani da yancin fadin albarkacin baki da tarayya, tare da yin Allah wadai da duk wani wariya ga jinsi ko akidar addini a cikin al'ummar Saudiyya. Kungiyar Kare Hakkokin Bil'adama ta Farko na da nufin sanya ido kan take hakkin bil'adama da tallafawa wadanda ake take Hakkin dan Adam, ta hanyar amfani da "dukkan hanyoyin lumana don bayar da shawarar cewa gwamnatin Saudiyya tana mutuntawa da kare dukkan Hakkokin bil'adama." 

A cikin cika aikin HRFS na kare yancin fadin albarkacin baki da tarayya da kuma yin Allah wadai da nuna wariya, HRFS na iya fitar da rahotanni ga jami'an Saudiyya a matsayin shawara. Ainihin rahotannin sun zama 'taswirar hanya' kan ko wasu dokoki a Saudiyya sun sabawa yarjejeniyoyin kare Hakkin bil'adama na kasa da kasa, ko kuma cewa wadannan dokokin idan akwai su, hukumomin Saudiyya ba sa mutunta su.  Kazalika ba da shawarwari ga jami'ai, HRFS na iya yin maraba da matakan da jami'an gwamnati ke yi don Kirkirar wasu Karin dokoki.

## Tsari da jagoranci
, Ibrahim al-Mugaiteeb is the head of HRFS. al-Mugaiteeb is a leading human rights activist and the founder and president of the Human Rights First Society (Saudi Arabia). Despite being previously imprisoned for political activism and barred from travel, al-Mugaiteeb continues to condemn human rights abuses and speak out against discrimination. Although al-Mugaiteeb was denied a licence permitting his organisation to function as a government organisation, he continues to operate the HRFS in the Kingdom at his own risk and has done so since the introduction of the HRFS in 2002.

### Tushen Dokar Mulkin Mulki
Mai kula da Masallatan Harami guda biyu, Sarki Fahd Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud ya ba da sanarwar Sarauta da ke kunshe da Babban Dokokin Mulki na Saudiyya.  Bayan yin la'akari da muradun jama'a da nufin ci gaban jihar, 'Basic Law of Governance' ta fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Maris 1992. Asalin Dokokin Mulki Ka'ida ce mai kama da tsarin mulki bisa fahimtar Salafiyya ta Shari'a kuma ba ta ketare dokokin Musulunci ba.

Mataki na 26 na Babban Dokokin Mulki ya yi nuni da cewa "Kasar za ta kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam kamar yadda Shari'a ta tanada".  Sharia ita ce tsarin shari'ar addini da ke tafiyar da mabiya addinin Musulunci . Wannan labarin ya dace da manufar HRFS inda za ta yi amfani da duk hanyoyin lumana don ba da shawarar cewa gwamnatin Saudiyya ta mutunta wannan labarin a cikin yanayi da keta haƙƙin bil'adama na iya bayyana.

## Sanarwa da rahotanni
Zaben kananan hukumomi na shekara ta 2005 shi ne na farko da aka gudanar a Saudiyya tun a shekara ta 1960.  A zaben, yan kasa maza da suka haura shekaru 21 sun sami damar kada kuri'ar rabin yan majalisun kananan hukumominsu. A ranar 11 ga Oktoban shekara ta 2004, Yarima Nayef bin Abd al-Aziz, ministan harkokin cikin gida na Saudiyya, ya sanar da wata jarida ta Kuwait cewa mata ba za su iya tsayawa takara ba ko kada kuri'a a zaben. A martanin da jami'an hukumar zaɓen kasar Saudiyya suka yi kan wannan shigar sun nuna damuwarsu ta hanyar amfani da kayan aiki bisa wannan dalili kamar rashin rumfunan zabe daban-daban ga mata, kuma mata ba su da katin shaida. Hatoon al-Fassi yana jin cewa gaskiyar jami'an sun ba da dalilai masu amfani na wannan rashin shiga ba tare da dalilai na addini ko jinsi ba shine nasara ga Yakin neman zabe na mata 

Shugaban hukumar ta HRFS, Ibrahim al-Mugaiteeb, ya bayyana cewa zaben kananan hukumomin Saudiyya na shekara ta 2011 ba zai yi matukar tasiri ba idan har aka gudanar da zaben kamar yadda aka gudanar a shekarar 2005, ta yadda ba za a bar mata su shiga ba. Ya ce mafi karancin ƙa’idojin zaɓen ya hada da duk membobi da masu zabe za su zaba, mata su shiga, sannan a rage shekarun zabe daga 21 zuwa 18.” 

### zanga-zangar Saudiyya ta 2011
An gudanar da zanga-zanga da dama kan Hakkin dan Adam a gaban gine-ginen ma'aikatar gwamnati a kasar Saudiyya a tsawon shekara ta 2011 zuwa shekara taka012. Ana ci gaba da zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnati na neman a saki fursunonin da ake tsare da su ba tare da gurfanar da su gaban kuliya ba, ba tare da gurfanar da su gaban kotu ba a garuruwa daban-daban  da kuma zanga-zangar neman lardin Gabashin kasar ya samu kundin tsarin mulki da majalisa. A tsawon lokacin da aka shafe ana zanga-zangar, mahukuntan Saudiyya sun bindige wasu masu zanga-zangar sakamakon rera taken nuna adawa da majalisar Saudiyya da ministan harkokin cikin gida, Nayef, inda suka kira su yan ta'adda", "masu yanka" da "masu aikata laifuka". 

A ranar 24 ga Maris, shekara ta 2011, yayin zanga-zangar Saudiyya ta 2011, HRFS ta ce an kama masu zanga-zangar 100 bayan zanga-zangar 15-18 ga watan Maris a ciki da kusa da Qatif kuma an azabtar da wasu. Tare da HRFS, kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a da siyasa ta Saudi Arabiya (ACPRA) ta yi kira da a saki wanda ya kafa ACPRA Mohammed Saleh al-Bejadi bayan kama shi ba bisa ka'ida ba a Buraidah a ranar 21 ga watan Maris da Hukumar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta yi.  Zanga-zangar ta ci gaba da yin kira da a saki wadannan fursunonin, da a janye rundunar tsaron gabar tekun Bahrain daga Bahrain,  don samun daidaiton wakilci a manyan ofisoshi da kuma yin gyare-gyare a mukaman siyasa, kamar yadda suke jin an ware su. 

### Rahoton Ketare Mara Kyau
A kokarin inganta da kare doka da kare ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki da tarayya da kuma kawar da nuna wariya a cikin al’ummar kasar Saudiyya, kungiyar HRFS ta shirya wani rahoto kan yadda ake tafiyar da harkokin shari’a a kasar Saudiyya da kuma tasirinta ga yancin al’ummar Saudiyya mai take. "Cikin Zalunci: Yadda Ka'idar Dokokin Saudiyya Ke Cin Hakkokin Ɗan Adam na Duniya" (Rahoton). 

Rahoton ya ce da yawa daga cikin dokokin da ba a rubuta ba a Saudi Arabiya "suna da matukar bijirewa" kuma suna "kashewa" ga 'yancin dan adam. Kasar kasa tana da Hakkin doka don yin biyayya da kafa doka da ta dace da yarjejeniyoyin da ta kulla.  Bugu da kari, bisa ga dokar yarjejeniyoyin, kasar da ta rattaba hannu amma ba ta amince da wata yarjejeniya ba, wajibi ne ta guji "ayyukan da za su karya manufa da manufar" wannan yarjejeniya. 

Rahoton ya yi cikakken bayani kan wuraren da kundin dokokin Saudiyya ya saɓa wa dokar kare Hakkin bil'adama da suka hada da: Sa ido da kuma mamaye gidaje, da laifukan ' yancin fadin albarkacin baki da tarayya, kamawa ba bisa ka'ida ba da tsawaita tsarewa, shari'ar sirri da rashin adalci, azabtarwa da hukuncin kisa da kuma hukuncin kisa. hana mata Hakkin shari'a daidai gwargwado  Daga nan kuma rahoton ya tattauna kan yadda wadannan dokokin ke baiwa gwamnatin Saudiyya babban iko na cin zarafin yan kasar Saudiyya, tare da ba da kulawa ta musamman ga raunin mata, tsirarun addinai, ma'aikatan kaura da yara  A karshe rahoton ya nuna inda gwamnatin Saudiyya ta gaza wajen bin dokokinta na cikin gida wajen gudanar da ayyukanta na musgunawa 'yan kasar ta Saudiyya, da take Hakkin bil'adama wanda ita kanta ta yi ikirarin kare Hakkin bil'adama da ta yi ikirarin kare dokokinta wanda kuma ke samun kariya a karkashin dokokin kasa da Kasa.

## Duba kuma

* Hakkin Dan Adam a Saudiyya
* Basic Law of Saudi Arabia

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin hadi na waje

* Kungiyar Hakkin Dan Adam ta Farko (Turanci) 
* Kungiyar Hakkin Dan Adam ta Farko (Larabci)
* Cin Zarafi Mai Kyau: Yadda Ka'idar Dokokin Saudiyya ke keta Hakkin Dan Adam na Duniya 
* Human Rights Watch: Saudi Arabia