E. Tendayi Achiume

**E. Tendayi Achiume** Farfesa ne na Shari'a kuma tsohon Darakta na Ma'aikatar Alkawarin Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam a Jami'ar California, Los Angeles . Ta yi aiki a matsayin Mai ba da rahoto na musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan wariyar launin fata, nuna bambancin launin fata, Xenophobia da rashin haƙuri daga nadin da ta yi a watan Satumbar 2017 har zuwa Nuwamba 2022. Ita ce mace ta farko da aka nada a wannan mukamin tun lokacin da aka kirkireshi a 1993.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Achiume a Zambia .  Lokacin da take girma, Achiume tana da malamin kimiyyar lissafi mai ban sha'awa, kuma ta fara la'akari da aiki a fannin kimiyya da injiniya. Ta halarci Kwalejin Atlantic a Wales, inda ta fara sha'awar dokar kasa da kasa. Achiume ta sami digiri na farko a Jami'ar Yale . Ta koma Makarantar Shari'a ta Yale don Dokta Juris, inda ta kuma sami takardar shaidar a Nazarin Ci Gaban. A lokacin horo ta ƙware a cikin ƙaura ta ƙasa da ƙasa da haƙƙin 'yan gudun hijira. Tana da sha'awar cin zarafin 'yancin ɗan adam a kan' yan gudun hijirar Zimbabue waɗanda ke neman mafaka a Afirka ta Kudu. Bayan ta sami digiri na biyu, Achiume ta koma Afirka ta Kudu, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin magatakarda na shari'a ga Dikgang Moseneke da Mai Shari'a Yvonne Mokgoro a Kotun Tsarin Mulki na Afirka ta Kudu .   Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin malami a Jami'ar Witwatersrand . 

## Bincike da aiki
Bayan matsayinta na magatakarda na shari'a, an ba ta kyautar Bernstein International Human Rights fellowship don shiga aikin kare hakkin 'yan gudun hijira a Lawyers for Human Rights na Johannesburg .

A shekara ta 2014 Achiume ta shiga bangaren koyarwa a Los Angeles">Jami'ar California, Los Angeles .  A UCLA, Achiume tana jagorantar Cibiyar Kula da 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya, shirin da ke koyar da dalibai' yancin dan adam na kasa da kasa ta hanyar ayyukan asibiti. Ayyukan da Achiume ke jagoranta sun haɗa da samar da tallafin shari'a ga 'Yan asalin Amurka, manufofin shari'a a Los Angeles da Mata da aka tsare. A matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin, Achiume ya yi aiki tare da Dignity da Power Now, ƙungiyar da ke Los Angeles da ke neman tallafawa mutanen da ke kurkuku da iyalansu. Ita da ɗalibanta sun kalli cin zarafin da aka yi wa mata masu launin fata da ke fama da rashin lafiya. Ta nuna cewa an hana wadannan mata tallafin kiwon lafiya na jiki ko na tunani a kai a kai. Ta jagoranci taron shekara-shekara na American Society of International Law na 2016. A cikin 2017 an nada Achiume a Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a matsayin mai ba da rahoto na musamman na Majalisar Dinkinobho kan wariyar launin fata, nuna bambancin launin fata, wariyar launin fatar da rashin haƙuri. Ita ce mace ta farko da ta rike irin wannan mukamin.

A cikin 2018 Achiume ya ziyarci Ƙasar Ingila don nazarin yaduwar laifukan launin fata da kuma yadda Brexit ke kara musu. Hukuncin da ta yanke shi ne cewa Manufofin muhalli na gida suna da "tsattsauran ra'ayi" a duk faɗin Ingila. Ta karfafa Gwamnatin Burtaniya da ta kimanta manufofinta game da nuna bambanci da kuma bincika aikata laifuka ga matasa baƙi. Achiume ya gano cewa maganganun adawa da baƙi da suka bunkasa a lokacin Hutu. Yakin Tarayyar Turai ya mamaye al'umma, kuma matakan tsauraran matakai sun shafi al'ummomin launi sosai. Musamman, ta nuna cewa "magana mai ƙiyayya da ƙyama ta zama 'al'ada' - har ma da wasu manyan jami'ai". An rubuta wannan ziyarar a cikin rahotonta na farko ga Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, inda ta kammala cewa "populism na kabilanci" ya haifar da babbar barazana ga daidaiton launin fata. A cikin 2019, ta amfana da goyon bayan UCLA wanda ya sami tallafi daga Gidauniyar Ford, musamman don bincike game da tayar da batutuwa daga Kudancin Duniya. 

A lokacin annobar COVID-19, Achiume ta yi nazarin hauhawar wariyar launin fata da xenophobia wanda ya bazu tare da SARS-CoV-2 .  Musamman, ta ce mutanen da aka ɗauka sun fito ne daga kasar Sin ko Gabashin Asiya suna fuskantar hare-haren xenophobic. Achiume ya jaddada bukatar ilimi wajen yaki da wariyar launin fata, kuma nuna bambancin launin fata da wariyar jinsi ya kamata ya zama wani bangare na ilimi.

A ranar 4 ga Oktoba, 2023, an ba da sanarwar cewa an ba Achiume kyautar MacArthur Fellowship saboda aikinta "sake fasalin ka'idojin ka'idoji na kasa da kasa a tsakiya na adalci na launin fata da ƙaura na duniya".

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2023, Achiume ya sanya hannu kan wata wasika ga Joe Biden inda ya yi Allah wadai da harin bam na Isra'ila da kuma karfafa toshewar Gaza kuma ya yi kira ga dakatar da wuta nan take. Masanan shari'a ne suka sanya hannu kan wasikar daga wasu manyan fannonin shari'a na Amurka.

## Littattafan da aka zaɓa

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## Bayanan da aka ambata