Kashe-kashen jama'a a Iran

A Iran, kisan gillar jama'a ya faru a kai a kai a lokacin Daular Qajar amma ya ƙi tare da juyin juya halin kundin tsarin mulki na Farisa kuma ya zama abin da ba a saba gani ba a ƙarƙashin Daular Pahlavi. Tare da kafa Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran a 1979, hukuncin kisa da kisa na jama'a sun dawo a kan sikelin da ba a taɓa gani ba. A cikin 2013, Iran na ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe huɗu da aka sani da aikata kisan gilla.

## Babban Jiha na Iran (1789-1925)
A karkashin mulkin Daular Qajar (1789-1925), siffofin kisa na jama'a sun haɗa da ratayewa, jefa waɗanda aka yanke musu hukunci daga ganuwar birni, ɗaure su zuwa bakin bindiga kuma su busa su,  shanye su a cikin kafet, ko sake yin laifi a kan mai laifi. Har ila yau akwai Sham'i ajjin, wanda ya haɗa da yin yanka da yawa a cikin jiki sannan ya kunna kyandirori a cikin yankan har sai mutumin ya mutu. Kafin a kawo shi kan ma'auni na jama'a, an gabatar da wanda aka yanke masa hukunci ta hanyar kasuwa. A shekara ta 1890, ratayewar jama'a ta maye gurbin wasu nau'o'in kisa. Ganin cewa wanda ya gaza kisan Naser al-Din Shah a 1850 ya mutu ta hanyar Sham'i ajjin, sannan aka raba jikinsa kuma aka hura shi daga bindigogi, an rataye mai kisan Nasers al-Din a fili.   Canjin shari'a ya zo ne tare da juyin juya halin kundin tsarin mulki na Farisa . A cikin 1909, an ƙuntata hukuncin kisa ga ratayewa da harbi.

## Daular Iran (1925-1979)
Canjin shari'a ya ci gaba a ƙarshen 1920s bayan Rezā Shāh ya karfafa mulkin Pahlavi (1925-1979).  Kashe-kashen da aka yi ya faru ne daga ra'ayin jama'a, kuma hukuncin kisa an ƙuntata shi ne ga kisan kai, babban cin amana, da tawaye. Ɗaya daga cikin kisan jama'a da ba a saba gani ba a wannan lokacin shine rataye likitan gidan yarin Tehran ba da daɗewa ba bayan an kori Reza Shah. An sami likita da wasu uku da laifin kisan fursunonin siyasa.

## Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran (1979-yanzu)

Bayan Juyin Juya Halin Musulunci na 1979 da kuma kafa Jamhuriyar Musulunci, kisan gillar jama'a ya zama ruwan dare. Yawancin kisan gillar jama'a an yi su ne ta hanyar ratayewa. Sau da yawa Cranes da aka ɗora a kan manyan motoci sun yi aiki a matsayin gungume na wucin gadi. Wadanda aka yanke musu hukunci, kuma a wasu lokuta fursunoni da yawa, galibi suna tsaye a kan dandamali a gaban taron jama'a a filin wasa ko filin wasa. An ɗaga fursunonin daga ƙasa ta hanyar katako, tare da igiya a wuyansu, wanda ya haifar da mutuwar da aka yi a hankali ta hanyar maƙurewa. A wasu lokuta, an sanya wanda aka yanke masa hukunci tsaye a kan kujera, wanda aka cire shi ba zato ba tsammani, ya bar mutumin ya mutu amma kusan rataye daga ƙasa. A cewar wani rahoto na Amnesty International na 1990, "Flogging kafin kisa ya zama ruwan dare gama gari".

## Tasirin zamantakewa

A watan Agustan shekara ta 2013, wani yaro dan Iran mai shekaru 12 daga lardin Kermanshah ya rataye kansa ba da gangan ba yayin da yake sake yin ratayewa tare da ɗan'uwansa mai shekaru takwas. A cewar Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty, yaron ya kasance "wani wanda ba a tsammani ba wanda aka azabtar da al'adun kisan jama'a wanda ya kasance a cikin jamhuriyar Musulunci. " Duk lokacin da ake aiwatar da kisan kai a bainar jama'a a Iran, yara galibi suna cikin masu kallo. Dan jaridar Iran Mokhtar Khandani ya ce, "A Kermanshah, inda nake zaune, ina ganin a wurare da yawa ana aiwatar da kisan gilla a kan titi. A irin waɗannan wuraren, abin takaici ina ganin yara da yawa da ke wurin kuma suna shaida lamarin. A idanun wasu yara, yana iya zama kamar wasa"

## Manazarta