Yanayin Brisbane

Yanayin yanayin Brisbane yana da alaƙa da wurin da yake bakin teku a kudu maso gabas na jihar Queensland ta Ostiraliya.  Tana tsakiyar tsakiyar tekun Gabas ta Australiya tare da daidaitawa na tsayi da tsayi na 27.5 ° kudu da 153° gabas.  Garin yana zaune a cikin Kogin Moreton Bay, wanda ya tashi daga Caboolture zuwa arewa, Beenleigh zuwa kudu kuma har zuwa Ipswich zuwa yamma yayin da Tekun Pasifik ke kan iyaka da gabas..

## Ilimin ƙasa
Fiye da miliyoyin Shekaru, an ajiye yadudduka na laka a cikin yankin Brisbane, wanda asalinsa babban yanki ne na ruwa a ƙasa da matakin teku. Saboda wannan ci gaba da zubar da turɓaya da sannu a hankali, yankin ya tashi sama da matakin teku tare da taimakon canjin nahiyar. An halicci Kogin Brisbane da bakin teku ta hanyar magungunan rushewa da yanayin yanayi daga baya. Har ila yau, yankin ya ƙunshi ajiyar dutsen dutse, wanda ke nuna cewa aikin dutsen dutsen dutce wani lamari ne na ilimin ƙasa a baya.

Yankin yana ƙarƙashin jerin nau'ikan dutse daban-daban, gabaɗaya ya dogara da wurare daban-daban na tsayin daka a kusa da filayen ambaliya.  Zuwa sassan kudancin yankin, gyare-gyaren mesozoic sedimentary formations suna samar da tuddai masu birgima waɗanda ke nuna yankin.  Yankunan zama masu faɗin faɗin sun ƙunshi tsarukan dutsen mai aman wuta da na ƙasa akan tsofaffin dutsen ginshiki kamar ruwan ruwa na jurassic, kuma galibi sun ƙunshi ɓangarorin ƙorafi.  Wannan ya haɗa da shales, siltstones, sandstones da wasu ƙananan rhyolites da tuffs.  Haka kuma, an gina wuraren da suka fi girma zuwa arewa maso yamma na yankin Brisbane a kan duwatsu masu juriya da suka hada da greywacke, phyllite, schist, quartzite, chert, shale da sandstone.  Waɗannan duwatsun da ke ƙasa sun fito ne daga zamanin Palaeozoic. 

Yawancin dutsen da Brisbane ke ciki shine halayyar Brisbane tuff, wani nau'i na ignimbrite mai laushi,  wanda aka fi samunsa a Kangaroo Point Cliffs a Kangaroo Points da New Farm Cliffs a kan Petrie Bight zuwa Kogin Brisbane. An yi amfani da dutsen a cikin gina gine-ginen tarihi kamar Commissariat Store da Cathedral na St Stephen, kuma hanyoyin da ke gefen hanya a cikin yankunan Brisbane har yanzu ana yin su da Tuff na Brisbane.

### Koguna
Kogin Brisbane yana tafiyar kilomita 344 (214 mi) a fadin jihar Queensland daga Dutsen Stanley zuwa Moreton Bay, saboda haka kasancewar kogin mafi tsayi a Kudu maso Gabashin Queensland.[1]  Ruwan ruwansa ya samo asali ne mai nisan kilomita 140 arewa-maso-gabas da tsakiyar Brisbane tare da magudanan ruwa masu yawa, da farko kogin Stanley, Cooyar Creek da kuma tarin kananan kogunan da ke gudana daga Blackbutt Range.  Kogin da magudanan ruwa sun mamaye yanki mai fadin murabba'in kilomita 13,500 a fadin yankin magudanar ruwa, yayin da kuma ya hade da wasu hanyoyin kogin da ke jigilar ruwa zuwa gabar teku.

Yayin da kogin ke bi ta cikin birni, ya wuce asalin wurin zama na birnin, Babban Cibiyar Kasuwancin Brisbane (CBD) a madaidaicin kogin kusan kilomita 23 (14 mi) daga sama daga Moreton Bay.  Wivenhoe Dam ne ya lalata kogin ta hanyar wucin gadi da ke samar da tafkin Wivenhoe, wanda ke zama babban samar da ruwa a birnin.  A tarihi, bankunan kogin sun kasance suna da fifikon amfani da filayen masana'antu, tare da tashoshin tashar jiragen ruwa daga gadar Victoria zuwa bakin kogin a Moreton Bay.  An gina matatun mai zuwa bakin teku, da kuma tashar jirgin ruwa na Fisherman Island, tug-towing, 'yan sandan ruwa da wuraren kwastam a tsibirin Whyte.  Koyaya, gaban kogin ya zama mai haske a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata, tare da kayan aikin ruwa da gine-ginen masana'antu waɗanda aka maye gurbinsu da wuraren shakatawa, gidajen zama da wuraren fasaha.

Kogin Brisbane babban kogi ne kuma Ruwa a ko'ina cikin mafi yawan yankin birni yana da ruwa kuma yana iya tafiya. Kogin yana da hanya mai juyawa ta cikin babban birni tare da hanyoyi masu yawa daga kudu maso yamma zuwa bakinsa a Moreton Bay a gabas.

Har ila yau, wasu koguna da koguna da yawa sun ratsa yankin da suka hada da kogin North Pine da South Pine a cikin yankunan arewacin, waɗanda suka haɗu don samar da Kogin Pine a Bramble Bay, Kogin Caboolture a arewa, kogin Logan da Albert a cikin yankuna na kudu maso gabashin, da kuma kogin Brisbane ciki har da Kogin Bremer a cikin yankunansu na kudu maso yamma, Breakfast Creek a cikin ciki-arewa, Norman Creek a cikin kudu maso kudu, Oxley Creek a cikin kudancin. Birnin yana kan filin ambaliyar ruwa mai laushi,  tare da haɗarin ambaliyar da ke ƙaruwa ta hanyar koguna da yawa da ke kewaye da birnin.

## Muhalli

Brisbane gida ne ga yawan tsire-tsire, dabbobi da nau'in kwari fiye da kowane babban birni a Ostiraliya.   Wannan ya samo asali ne sakamakon ƙarfin kasancewar birnin na fure, musamman a cikin birane, yana ba da gudummawa ga yanayin yanayi na wurare masu zafi da bambancin halittu.  Dukansu nau'o'in asali da na waje sun zama ruwan dare kuma ginshiƙin itacen ya ƙunshi kashi 44% na yankin gwamnati mai faɗin murabba'in kilomita 1,338.  Wannan 'dajin birni' yana adana kimanin tan miliyan 1.9 na carbon, yana cire tan miliyan 1.45 na carbon dioxide a kowace shekara.  Wannan daidai yake da kashi 10% na fitar da hayakin birnin a shekara.  Bugu da ƙari, nau'in flora na birni 2500 na gida ne ga fiye da 550 fauna vertebrate da yawancin nau'in invertebrate.   Musamman, yankin yana gida ne ga magpie na Australiya, maƙeran lapwing, torresian hankaka da ma'adinai mai hayaniya, waɗanda dukkansu suna da ɗabi'a kuma suna harzuka mazauna birnin Haka kuma, turkey daji na Australiya alama ce ta fauna na birni, tana cin kwari da tsummoki a cikin wuraren daji na daji da kuma yada ciyayi ta hanyar lambun daji.  Wannan tsuntsun ɗan asalin ya bambanta da farin ibis, ƙara damun jama'a saboda karuwar yawan jama'a da ke zaune a cikin dausayi, da ruwa mai cike da ruwa na Moreton Bay.  Wani fasalin yanayin yanayin yanayin Brisbane shine fox mai tashi, mafi girma na dabbobi masu shayarwa a duniya.  Sau da yawa ana kuskure a matsayin jemagu, nau'in ɗan ƙasa ne na dare zuwa Ostiraliya waɗanda ke da alaƙa da haifuwa, sabuntawa da tarwatsa tsaba na shuka a yankin kamawar Brisbane.  Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan fox guda uku a Brisbane: baƙar fata mai tashi, ɗan ja mai tashi-fox da fox-fox mai launin toka..

Brisbane yana cikin yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Queensland biogeographic.  Garin yana ƙunshe da nau'ikan bishiya da yawa, kamar ɓangarorin Moreton Bay, babban banyan da ba a taɓa gani ba tare da tushen tushen gindi.  Ana kiran sunan yankin kuma galibi ana kunna bishiyu tare da fitulun ado a cikin birni.  Wani sanannen nau'in bishiyar Brisbane shine jacaranda, bishiyar ƙasa mai zafi a Kudancin Amurka wacce ke layin hanyoyi da wuraren shakatawa a cikin Brisbane.  A watan Oktoba, bishiyoyin suna fure da furanni masu launin shuɗi masu haske kuma ana kiran wannan a cikin gida a matsayin 'lokacin jacaranda'.   Wasu daga cikin bankunan kogin Brisbane da Moreton Bay gida ne ga wuraren dausayin mangrove..

Brisbane gida ne ga nau'ikan tsuntsaye masu yawa, tare da nau'ikan gama gari da suka haɗa da lorikeets bakan gizo, galahs, farar ibises na Australiya, brushturkeys na Australiya, crows Torresian, magpies na Australiya da masu haƙar hayaniya.  Dabbobi masu rarrafe na yau da kullun sun haɗa da fatun lambun gama gari, dodanni na ruwa na Australiya, dodo masu gemu da ƙagaru masu launin shuɗi.  Kogin Brisbane gida ne ga nau'ikan kifaye da yawa da suka haɗa da yellowfin bream, flathead, snapper na Australiya, da sharks na bijimin.  Ruwan Moreton Bay gida ne ga dugongs, humpback whales, dabbar dolphins, kaguwar laka, kaguwar soja da kwari na Moreton Bay.

## Yanayin ƙasa
Kodayake Brisbane ta mamaye filayen ambaliyar ruwa a ko'ina cikin Moreton Bay, yawancin yankunan da ke kusa da birnin suna kan manyan tuddai. Yankin yammacin yankin Brisbane yana zaune a saman Herbert Taylor Range, gami da yankunan da ke kusa da Dutsen Coot-tha, Enoggera, Moggill da Chapel Hill. Dutsen Coot-tha musamman yana da mita 300 sama da matakin teku kuma alama ce mai mahimmanci ga yankin, yana ba da kyakkyawan ra'ayi game da mafi yawan birni da ambaliyar ruwa.

Birnin Brisbane yana da tudu.[1]  Yankin birni, gami da gundumar kasuwanci ta tsakiya, an haɓaka wani yanki ta hanyar haɓakar Herbert Taylor Range, kamar taron Dutsen Coot-tha da ƙaramin Enoggera Hill.  Gidan gandun daji na D'Aguilar, wanda ke kewaye da D'Aguilar Range, yana iyaka da arewa maso yammacin Brisbane na ginannen yanki, kuma ya ƙunshi tsayin kololuwar Dutsen Nebo, Dutsen Camp, Dutsen Pleasant, Dutsen Glorious, Dutsen Samson da Dutsen Mee.  Sauran fitattun abubuwan hawan Brisbane sune Dutsen Gravatt da Dutsen Toohey na kusa.  Dutsen Petrie mai tsayin mita 170 (560 ft) da ƙananan hawan Highgate Hill, Dutsen Ommaney, Dutsen Stephens, da Dutsen Whites suna da digo a fadin birnin.

### Yankuna da wuraren shakatawa

Yankin birni na Brisbane an raba shi zuwa 'yan arewa' da 'yan kudu', tare da layin raba shi ne Kogin Brisbane,  yayin da ake buƙatar ƙetare ɗaya daga cikin gadoji goma sha biyar a fadin kogi don tafiya zuwa wancan gefen ta hanyar sufuri na ƙasa. Wannan yana haifar da yankuna da yawa waɗanda ke kudu da CBD ana rarraba su a matsayin 'yan arewa', kuma akasin haka, sakamakon hanyar da kogin ke juyawa. Baya ga rarraba su kamar yadda suke a kan 'yan arewa' ko 'yan kudu' akwai wasu yankuna masu fa'ida da kuma tattaunawa kamar 'yan yamma' don wasu yankuna zuwa kudu maso yammacin CBD da 'yan bay' don yankunan da ke bakin tekun Moreton Bay.

Manyan wuraren shakatawa na Brisbane sun hada da lambunan Botanic na City a Gardens Point, Roma Street Parkland, Victoria Park na hekta 27 a Spring Hill da Herston, South Bank Parklands tare da kogi a South Bank, Brisbane Botanic Gardens a Mount Coot-tha da kuma New Farm Park a New Farm.

Akwai wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa da yawa da ke kewaye da yankin babban birni na Brisbane.  Gidan shakatawa na D'Aguilar babban wurin shakatawa ne na kasa tare da arewa maso yamma na yankin birni a cikin D'Aguilar Range.  Gidan Gidan Gidan Gidan Gidan Gidan Gidan idan yana kusa da arewacin yankin birni a cikin Gilashin Gidan Gidan Gilashi kuma yana ba da sararin samaniya tsakanin yankin na Brisbane da kuma Sunshine Coast.  Gidan shakatawa na Tamborine a Dutsen Tamborine yana cikin yankin Gold Coast a kudu na yankin birni.

An gina yankin gabashin birni tare da Moreton_Bay" id="mwAU0" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Moreton Bay">Moreton Bay Marine Park, wanda ya ƙunshi Moreton Bay. Muhimman yankuna na Moreton, Arewacin Stradbroke da tsibirin Bribie kuma sun rufe da Gidan shakatawa na Moreton Island, Gidan shakatawa na Naree Budjong Djara da Gidan Tarihi na Bribie Island bi da bi. Yankin Boondall Wetlands a cikin unguwar Boondall sun haɗa da hekta 1100 na wuraren da ke da ruwa wanda ke da gida ga mangroves da tsuntsaye da kuma hanyoyin tafiya.

Akwai unguwanni da wurare da gundumomi da yankuna da ke raba garuruwan birnin.  Waɗannan sun haɗa da Cibiyar Birni ta Brisbane da ke aiki a matsayin Babban Babban Kasuwancin Kasuwanci (CBD), yankin Bankin Kudu tare da amfani da ƙasa mai daɗi, Yankin Kogin da ke gefen kogin Brisbane da Gundumar Manly a tashar tashar jiragen ruwa wacce galibi mazauna ce.  Bugu da ƙari, kwarin Fortitude, Sabon Farm da Gundumar Chinatown duk suna ɗauke da mahimmancin tarihi da ake yiwa suna da sunan HMAS Fortitude da kuma alamar al'adu tare da ɗimbin ingantattun abinci na Sinanci da na Cantonese.  Lardunan Kangaroo Point da Woolloongabba sun ƙunshi ƙarin wuraren zama, tare da wuraren shakatawa na abokantaka da wuraren kore da kuma Brisbane Cricket Club.  Gundumar Milton, Paddington, Rosalie da Spring Hill suna da mafi girman taro na otal-otal, shahararrun gidajen abinci da wuraren shakatawa tare da manyan wuraren shakatawa yayin da birni ke canzawa daga wuraren da aka gina birni na ciki zuwa wuraren daji na kewaye.  Bugu da ƙari, Tekun Pasifik da ke gabashin birnin ya ƙunshi tsibirin Moreton, Tsibirin Peel, tsibirin St. Helena da Cleveland, waɗanda duk wani ɓangare ne na babban wurin shakatawa na ƙasa da ke kewaye da ruwa.  Shahararrun yankuna ne don nutsewar ruwa tare da rairayin bakin teku masu ban sha'awa da tafkuna, yawan namun daji da tsarin muhalli masu ban sha'awa akan raƙuman murjani da ke kewaye da su. 

### Moreton Bay

Moreton Bay yana daya daga cikin muhimman albarkatun kasa na Queensland da ke da nisan kilomita 125 daga Caloundra a arewa zuwa Surfers Paradise a kudu.  Ƙofar kogin Brisbane ne kuma an raba shi da Tekun Coral ta tsibirin Moreton, Tsibirin Stradbroke na Arewa da Tsibirin Stradbroke ta Kudu, waɗanda dukkansu suna gabar tekun gabas na yankin Brisbane.  Bay da kanta yana da nisan kilomita 35 a fadinsa mafi fadi ya ƙunshi kananan tsibirai 360, gami da kariyar dausayi na tsaka-tsaki, mazaunan laka a gefen yamma, mazaunan yashi a gefen gabas da kuma gadaje na murjani da ciyawa a ko'ina.  Bugu da ƙari, yankin bay yana goyan bayan fiye da kashi 25% na nau'in tsuntsayen Australiya, yana mai da bay a matsayin yanki mai mahimmancin Tsuntsaye (IBA) kamar yadda BirdLife International ta keɓe.

Ruwan Moreton Bay yana da kwanciyar hankali, ana samun mafaka daga manyan tsibiran Moreton, Stradbroke da Bribie, yayin da rairayin bakin teku masu ba da mafaka a gabar tekun gabashin tsibiran bay da kan Gold Coast da Sunshine Coast zuwa arewa da kudu.  Kudancin Moreton Bay kuma ya ƙunshi ƙananan tsibirai kamar tsibirin St Helena, Tsibirin Peel, Tsibirin Coochiemudlo, Tsibirin Russell, Tsibirin Lamb da Macleay Island.

### Yankin da ke da kyau
Ya kasance kudu maso yamma na yankin birnin Brisbane, filin wasan kwaikwayo ya ƙunshi manyan tsaunuka masu aman wuta guda uku zuwa yammacin kogin Brisbane.  Wadannan duwatsu masu aman wuta a yanzu sun hada da tsaunukan da suka hada da Toowoomba, Cunningham's Gap da Mt Superbus, kuma sun kasance sau uku daga cikin manyan duwatsun garkuwa da suke wanzuwa a doron kasa.  Canjin tsayi a ko'ina cikin yankin ya tashi daga mita 300 zuwa 1500 sama da matakin teku, yana haifar da yanayin sanyi.  A sakamakon haka, yankunan da ke gindin tsaunuka sun mamaye dazuzzukan dazuzzukan da ke karkashin ruwa mai dumi, wanda ke ci gaba zuwa sanyi, dazuzzukan dazuzzukan suna tasowa yayin da tsayin daka ya karu kuma zazzabi ya ragu..

## Yanayi
 
Brisbane tana da yanayi mai zafi. Wannan yana nuna Yanayin zafi mai haske, maraice mai laushi da kuma yanayin yanayi na yau da kullun a kowace shekara. Matsakaicin matsakaicin da mafi ƙarancin yanayin zafi a kowace shekara shine digiri 25.5 na Celsius da digiri 15.7 na Celsius bi da bi,  tare da kusanci da yankin da ke kusa da teku da Tekun Pacific wanda ke haifar da bambancin yanayin zafi a shekara-shekara don zama ƙasa da sauran manyan biranen. Wannan ya faru ne da farko saboda kusanci da yankin ga waɗannan ruwan teku masu zafi. Brisbane kawai ta yi rikodin mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki sau ɗaya (da dare). 

Dangane da hazo, tsawa ta zama ruwan dare sosai tare da yanayi mai tsanani kamar guguwar ƙanƙara, ruwan sama mai ƙarfi da iska mai lalata da ke faruwa a shekara.  Matsakaicin matsakaicin yanki na kwanaki 124 a kowace shekara, tare da matsakaicin ruwan sama na milimita 142 a shekara.   Duk da haka, ambaliyar ruwan ta kuma kasance cikin tsawan lokaci na matsanancin fari, kamar tsakanin 2001 zuwa 2010 lokacin da matakan madatsar ruwa ya ragu zuwa kashi 16.7% a cikin watan Agustan 2007. An tilasta wa mazauna wurin yin biyayya ga dokar hana amfani da ruwa na matakin 6 wanda hakan ya sa amfanin ruwan kowane mutum ya ragu kasa da lita 140 a kowace rana, mafi ƙarancin amfani ga kowane mutum a duniya.  Wannan lokacin bushewa mai tsanani ya karye a cikin Janairu 2011 lokacin da ƙaramin tsarin matsi ya ketare yankin arewacin Brisbane, wanda ya cika wurin magudanar ruwa kuma ya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa.   Gabaɗaya, yankin yana samun ruwan sama a kai a kai, tare da mafi tsawo ba tare da an sami samun ruwan sama a cikin watan Nuwamba na 2011 na tsawon kwanaki 22 ba..

## Dubi kuma