Angie Turner Sarki

**Angie Lena Turner King** (Disamba 9, 1905) A ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, 2004) ƙwararriyar masaniyar sinadarai ce ta Amurka, masanin lissafi, kuma malami. King malamin sinadarai ne da lissafi a Makarantar Sakandare ta Jihar West Virginia, kuma farfesa ne a fannin sinadarai da lissafi a Kwalejin Jihar West Virginia (Jami'ar Jihar West Virginia ta yanzu) a Cibiyar .

An haife ta a cikin al'ummar haƙar kwal da ke yankin Elkhorn da ke gundumar McDowell, West Virginia, a shekarar 1905, ta fuskanci matsala a lokacin ƙuruciya bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarta lokacin tana da shekaru takwas. King ta kammala karatun sakandare a dakin gwaje-gwaje a Cibiyar Launi ta West Virginia  tana da shekaru 14 a shekarar 1919, kuma ta yi karatu a Cibiyar Launi ta Bluefield (Jami'ar Jihar Bluefield ta yanzu) kafin ta koma Jihar West Virginia (wanda a lokacin ake kira Cibiyar Kwalejin Koleji ta West Virginia). Ta kammala karatun **' daga Jihar West Virginia a shekarar 1927 tare da digiri na farko a fannin ilmin sunadarai da lissafi. King ta fara aikinta a fannin ilimi a Makarantar Sakandare ta West Virginia, makarantar sakandare ta dakin gwaje-gwaje ta West Virginia; ta halarci makarantar digiri na biyu a lokacin bazara a [[Cornell|Jami'ar Cornell]], inda ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin ilmin sunadarai a shekarar 1931.

Bayan ta koyar da makarantar sakandare na tsawon shekaru takwas, King ta zama farfesa a Kwalejin Jihar West Virginia kuma ta gyara dakin gwaje-gwajenta don inganta ingancin binciken kimiyya na ɗalibanta. Bayan barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, ta koyar da sinadarai ga sojoji a sashin Shirin Horarwa na Musamman na Sojojin Jihar West Virginia (ASTP). Daga baya King ta halarci Jami'ar Pittsburgh, inda ta zama Doctor of Philosophy a fannin ilimi gabaɗaya a 1955. Ta jagoranci ɗalibai da yawa, ciki har da masanin ilimin halittu kuma mai fafutuka Margaret Strickland Collins, masanin lissafi Katherine Johnson, da Jasper Brown Jeffries na Manhattan Project . King ya jagoranci Sashen Albarkatun Ƙasa da Lissafi na Kwalejin Jihar West Virginia kafin ya yi ritaya daga kwalejin a 1980. Ta ci gaba da zama a harabar Jami'ar Jihar West Virginia bayan ta yi ritaya, kuma a 1992 makarantar ta ba ta digirin girmamawa na Doctor of Laws .

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Angie Lena Turner King (née Turner) a cikin al'ummar haƙar kwal da aka raba a Elkhorn a gundumar McDowell, West Virginia, a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 1905.    Ita 'yar William Turner ce da matarsa, Laura King Turner, waɗanda suka fito daga [[Virginia]] .   King yana da 'yan'uwa biyu: Sylvia da Irving.  Ita jikan [[Bauta a Amurka|bayin]] Virginia ne, waɗanda aka ba su ƙasa, [[Saniya|sitiyari]], da ɗakin katako bayan an [[Shelar 'Yanci|'yantar]] da su.   Tana da wahalar yarinta;  mahaifiyarta ta mutu tana da shekaru takwas   kuma an tura ta ta zauna tare da kakarta mai launin fata mai haske, wadda ta kira ta da suna mai ban haushi saboda launin fatarta mai duhu .   Daga ƙarshe King ta zauna tare da mahaifinta,  wanda bai iya karatu da rubutu ba kuma ya ƙarfafa ta ta yi kyau a makaranta;  mahaifinta ya mutu a ranar 8 ga Nuwamba, 1927, bayan da wata motar haƙar ma'adinai ta bi shi.   

Ta kammala karatun sakandare tana da shekaru 14 a shekarar 1919.   Saboda kyakkyawan sakamakon da King ya samu a makarantar sakandare, malamanta sun ƙarfafa ta ta je kwaleji.   Ta halarci Bluefield Colored Institute (Jami'ar Jihar Bluefield ta yanzu) a Bluefield kafin ta koma West Virginia Collegiate Institute (Jami'ar Jihar West Virginia ta yanzu) a Institute .   King ta yi aiki a ayyuka da dama, ciki har da masu hidimar abinci da wanke-wanke, a matsayinta na ɗaliba don biyan kuɗin makaranta da kuɗaɗenta.   A shekarar 1927, ta kammala karatun **' daga Jihar West Virginia, tare da digirin farko a fannin sinadarai da lissafi.    Lokacin da King ya kammala karatunsa, an sanya garinsu a matsayin Eckman . 

## Sana'a
King ta fara aikinta na ilimi a matsayin mai koyarwa a fannin sinadarai da lissafi a Makarantar Sakandare ta Jihar West Virginia, makarantar sakandare ta dakin gwaje-gwaje ta Jihar West Virginia.    A lokacin bazara, ta halarci Jami'ar Cornell kuma ta biya kuɗin karatunta.   Takardar shaidar digirin King a fannin sinadarai a Cornell an yi mata taken "Mu'amala Tsakanin Maganin Tannic Acid da Hydrous Ferric Oxide."   Ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin sinadarai na jiki daga Cornell a shekarar 1931.    King ta kasance mai himma a ayyukan ɗalibai kuma ta jagoranci wasan kwaikwayo na makarantar sakandare, "The Ghost Parade" ta Katharine Kavanaugh, a shekarar 1935.  Ta koyar a Makarantar Sakandare ta Jihar West Virginia na tsawon shekaru takwas, har sai da aka ba ta matsayin koyarwa a matsayin farfesa a Kwalejin Jihar West Virginia.   Nan da nan King ta gyara dakin gwaje-gwajenta don tabbatar da cewa ɗalibanta sun san "yadda dakin gwaje-gwaje yake a zahiri."   Ta ci gaba da tallafawa ayyukan ɗalibai a matsayin farfesa, kuma ita ce mai tallafawa malamai ga reshen Nu na Jihar West Virginia na ƙungiyar Alpha Kappa Alpha .  A lokacin bazara na 1939, King ya kammala karatun digiri na biyu a fannin ilimi a Jami'ar Chicago . 

Bayan barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, Jihar West Virginia ta sami sashin Shirin Horarwa na Musamman na Sojoji (ASTP) a shekarun 1943 da 1944.   King, ɗaya daga cikin malaman Jihar West Virginia na sojojin ASTP, ya koyar da ilmin sinadarai.   An kafa ASTP ne saboda damuwar cewa yakin zai haifar da ƙarancin waɗanda suka kammala karatun jami'a da ake buƙata a matsayin jami'an soja bayan yaƙin.  Jihar West Virginia tana ɗaya daga cikin kwalejoji da jami'o'i shida na tarihi waɗanda suka sami sashin ASTP. 

King ta halarci Jami'ar Pittsburgh a farkon shekarun 1950, inda ta zama Dakta a fannin Falsafa a fannin ilimi na gabaɗaya a shekarar 1955.     Rubutun digirinta mai taken *Nazarin Littattafan Algebra na Farko da ake Amfani da su a Makarantun Sakandare na Amurka kafin 1900.*    Rubutun digiri na biyu na King da kuma rubutun digiri na uku su ne binciken da ta buga kawai. 

A lokacin da take koyarwa a Makarantar Sakandare ta Jihar West Virginia da Kwalejin Jihar West Virginia, King ya ba da jagoranci ga masanin ilimin halittu da kuma mai fafutuka Margaret Strickland Collins, masanin lissafi Katherine Johnson (wani fanni na *Hidden Figures* ), da Jasper Brown Jeffries na Manhattan Project .   A cikin *Littafin Haɗuwa da Makarantar Sakandare ta Jihar West Virginia*, tsoffin ɗalibai 27 sun zaɓi King a matsayin malamin da suka fi so; aƙalla 20 daga cikin waɗannan ɗaliban sun kammala karatun digiri.  Katherine Johnson ta ambaci ta a matsayin mai tasiri a makarantar sakandare da kwaleji, kuma ta bayyana King a matsayin "malami mai ban mamaki—mai haske, mai kulawa, kuma mai tsauri."   King ya koyar da ilimin lissafi na Johnson a makarantar sakandare da lissafi a kwaleji, kuma ya ci gaba da ƙarfafa Johnson a karatun lissafi. 

## Daga baya rayuwa da mutuwa
A shekarar 1969, King ta jagoranci Sashen Albarkatun Ƙasa da Lissafi na Kwalejin Jihar West Virginia.  A shekarun 1970, ta yi tafiya zuwa Afirka don ziyartar ayyukan Presbyterian da kuma samun bayanai game da matsayin mata a Zaire, Kenya, da Habasha ; ta gabatar da wani jawabi kan "Matsayin Mata a Gabashin Afirka" ga reshen Lewisburg na Ƙungiyar Matan Jami'o'i ta Amurka a shekarar 1974.  King ya jagoranci Kwamitin Gwamnan West Virginia kan Matsayin Mata,   kuma ya yi magana da Gloria Steinem a wani taro kan matan Appalachian a Kwalejin Morris Harvey a shekarar 1975.  Ta yi ritaya daga Jihar West Virginia a shekarar 1980, kuma ta ci gaba da zama a harabar jami'a bayan ritayarta.   A shekarar 1992, makarantar ta ba wa King digirin girmamawa na Doctor of Laws .  Ta mutu a Cibiyar a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, 2004. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri

### Aure da iyali
King ya auri Robert Elemore King a ranar 9 ga Yuni, 1946, a Cibiyar.   Ita da mijinta suna da 'ya'ya mata biyar, waɗanda King ya rene su yayin da suke aiki da kuma ci gaba da karatun digiri na biyu.  Robert ya mutu a shekarar 1958. 

### Alaƙa da kyaututtuka
King ya gyara *Jaridar Bulletin na Tsoffin Dalibai ta Kwalejin Jihar West Virginia*, wani mujallar da ake bugawa duk wata biyu ta ƙungiyar tsofaffin ɗalibai ta Jihar West Virginia.  A shekarar 1954, ita ce ta farko da ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a Jami'ar West Virginia ta Shekara.    King memba ce ta Ƙungiyar Mata ta Jami'o'i ta Amurka, tana aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaba ta biyu kuma shugabar sashen West Virginia.   Ita ce mataimakiyar shugabar yankin tsakiya na ƙungiyar girmamawa ta Beta Kappa Chi, kuma ta zama babban edita na *Beta Kappa Chi Bulletin* a shekarar 1962.  A shekarar 1966, Beta Kappa Chi ta gabatar da lambar yabo ta girmamawa ga King ta ƙungiyar.  Ta kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Sinadarai ta Amurka, Kwalejin Kimiyya ta West Virginia, da kuma Ƙungiyar Farfesa ta Jami'o'i ta Amurka .  A shekarar 1972, an zaɓe King a kwamitin zartarwa na Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan West Virginia don Tsabtace Iska.  Ta kasance mamba a cikin ƙungiyar Shugabannin Mishan ta Duniya ta Cocin Presbyterian a Amurka, shugabar ƙungiyar mishan da hulɗa ta ƙungiyoyin addinai na Cocin Guyandotte Presbyterian, kuma dattijon Cocin Presbyterian na Dunbar. 

King memba ne na ƙungiyar Alpha Omicron Omega na ƙungiyar Alpha Kappa Alpha, wanda aka shirya a watan Oktoba na 1929 a Cibiyar kuma aka yi hayar ta a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba na wannan shekarar.  An kafa wannan babi a matsayin babi na digiri na biyu na Alpha Kappa Alpha a yankin Charleston -Institute.  Ta kasance shugabar reshen Alpha Omicron Omega daga 1935 zuwa 1937,  kuma Alpha Kappa Alpha ta karrama ta da ambaton ƙungiyar a 1968. 

## Manazarta