Shiri kan Matsayi da Ilimi na Mata

**Aikin kan Matsayi da Ilimin Mata** (PSEW) shine aikin farko na Amurka wanda ya mayar da hankali kan daidaiton jinsi a fannin ilimi. An kafa PSEW a shekarar 1971 ta Ƙungiyar Kwalejojin Amurka (AAC), wacce a yau aka sani da Ƙungiyar Kwalejoji da Jami'o'i ta Amurka (AACU), PSEW ta yi aiki don inganta damar shiga da daidaito a cikin manyan makarantu ga mata, tana magance buƙatun ɗaliban jami'a, malamai, ma'aikata, da masu gudanarwa. PSEW ta samar da kuma rarraba kayan aiki game da matsayin mata a manyan makarantu, ta shawarci kwalejoji da jami'o'i game da manufofi da suka shafi tabbatar da aiki, shirye-shiryen karatun mata, da ɗaukar malamai mata aiki, kuma ta yi aiki tare da masu tsara manufofi don gabatar da dokoki don inganta daidaiton jinsi a manyan makarantun Amurka. Jaridar PSEW, *On Campus with Women* (OCWW), ta fara daga 1971-2013 ta hanyar ACU, tana buga labarai da bincike da suka shafi mata a manyan makarantu. PSEW ta kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaba da kuma zartar da Title IX, ɓangaren Kwaskwarimar Ilimi ta Amurka na 1972 wanda ya hana nuna wariya a fannin ilimi bisa ga jinsi. 

An rushe PSEW a matsayin wani aiki daban a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 1991 kuma aka sake haɗa shi cikin ACU a matsayin Shirin kan Matsayi da Ilimi ga Mata.  Caryn McTighe Musil ce ta jagoranci shirin har zuwa ƙarshensa a shekarar 2012.  Ana gudanar da tarin kayan aiki da wallafe-wallafen da PSEW ta samar a ɗakin karatu na Schlesinger da ke Cibiyar Nazarin Ci Gaban Radcliffe a Jami'ar Harvard . 

## Tarihi da samuwar
An kafa Aikin Kan Matsayi da Ilimin Mata a shekarar 1971 a matsayin mataki na farko a wani sauyi da Ƙungiyar Kwalejojin Amurka (wanda yanzu ita ce Ƙungiyar Kwalejojin Amurka da Jami'o'i ) ta yi don mai da hankali kan bambancin ɗalibai.  Ƙungiyar da ke hedikwatar ACU a Washington, DC, tana aiki tare da ƙaramin ma'aikata.  PSEW ta sami kuɗi ta hanyar tallafi, gami da daga Carnegie Corporation na New York da Gidauniyar Ford . 

PSEW ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen amincewa da taken IX. A matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan ƙoƙarin, ƙungiyar ta ziyarci makarantu, ta ilmantar da 'yan majalisa kan batutuwan mata a fannin ilimi, kuma ta yi kira da a samar da manufofi don inganta yanayin mata a harabar jami'a. PSEW ta mai da hankali kan cin zarafin mata da fyade a harabar jami'a, inda ta samar da kayan ilimi kan waɗannan batutuwa a shekarun 1980. Abin lura shi ne, ƙungiyar ta ƙirƙiro kalmar "yanayi mai sanyi", wadda aka yi amfani da ita a cikin ayyukanta da yawa don bayyana ƙalubalen da mata ke fuskanta a fannin ilimi. 

### Mutane
Bernice Resnick Sandler ta yi aiki a matsayin darakta na PSEW daga 1971-1991. Sandler ta kuma kasance mai himma a cikin Kungiyar Mata ta Daidaito (WEAL), inda ta yi irin wannan aikin wajen inganta daidaiton jinsi a manyan makarantu. Bayan Sandler, Caryn McTighe Musil ta yi aiki a matsayin darakta na Shirin Magajin Gado kan Matsayin da Ilimi na Mata (PSEW) har zuwa 2012. 

Margaret C. Dunkle ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Shugabar PSEW daga 1972-1977. Roberta M. Hall da Grace L. Mastalli suma ma'aikata ne masu mahimmanci. 

## Babban gudunmawa

### Littattafai
An kafa PSEW ne don taimaka wa kwalejoji da jami'o'i wajen tsara manufofi da suka magance wariyar jinsi da cin zarafin mata. Duk da haka, aikinsu ya bazu ba da daɗewa ba fiye da wannan manufa, yayin da ma'aikatan PSEW suka fara buga ayyukan asali kan mata a manyan makarantu.  PSEW ta buga rahotanni sama da 100, da kuma ƙananan littattafai, ƙasidu, da kuma wasiƙar labarai ta *On Campus with Women* .  Littattafansu sun yi magana game da batutuwa daban-daban ciki har da ɗaukar ɗalibai mata da malamai, batutuwan da suka shafi ɗaliban tsiraru, wariyar jinsi a ɗaukar ma'aikata, wariyar jinsi a cikin bincike, Title IX, taimakon kuɗi, cin zarafin jima'i a harabar jami'a, da yanayin ilimi ga mata. Kayan aikinsu sun isa ga shugabannin kwaleji da malamai da kuma masu tsara manufofi, kuma ba wai kawai sun yaɗa bayanai game da abubuwan da suka faru da bincike da suka shafi mata a fannin ilimi ba, har ma sun sanar da mata kai tsaye game da haƙƙinsu na doka na ilimi. PSEW ta buga takardu na farko kan mata masu launin fata a manyan makarantu da rahotanni na farko na ƙasa kan wariyar jinsi a wasannin kwaleji, muhallin aji mai rikici, fyaɗe ga ƙungiyoyin jama'a a harabar jami'a, da cin zarafin mata. 

#### "Yanayin sanyi"
Ƙungiyar ta kuma samar da wallafe-wallafe da ke magana kan kalmar da ta ƙirƙiro,  "yanayin sanyi" da mata ke fuskanta a kwalejoji da jami'o'i, wani shiri na tattaunawa wanda ya zama wani shiri mai mahimmanci ga gudummawar ƙungiyar ga daidaito a fannin ilimi.  An kwatanta "yanayin sanyi" da bayanin ƙalubalen da ɗalibai mata da malamai suka fuskanta, tun daga kalaman batanci da aka yi game da mata da ƙwarewarsu ta ilimi zuwa rashin kulawa da katsewar mata a aji. Tattaunawar PSEW game da waɗannan ƙalubalen ga ƙwarewar mata a cikin yanayin ilmantarwa ta taimaka wajen tattaunawa mai faɗi game da rashin daidaiton yanayin ilmantarwa da mutane daga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban da ba su da isasshen taimako suka fuskanta. 

Aikin ya buga ayyuka da dama masu tasiri kan wannan batu. A shekarar 1982, Hall da Sandler sun buga "Yanayin Aji: Abin Sanyi ga Mata?" An ba da kuɗin wannan takarda ta hanyar tallafin kuɗi daga Asusun Inganta Ilimi Bayan Sakandare (FIPSE) na Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Amurka . PSEW ta gudanar da wani taro a watan Nuwamban 1982 mai suna "Yanayin Aji Mai Sanyi: Dabaru na Raba Canji" don tallata da tattauna sakamakon binciken. Takardar ƙarshe da aka rarraba a taron ta sayar da kwafi sama da 40,000 tsakanin 1982 da 1990. 

#### ''A harabar jami'a tare da mata''
Wataƙila littafin PSEW mafi shahara shine littafinsu na yau da kullun, *On Campus with Women* (OCWW), wanda ya buga bincike da kasidu kan batutuwan da suka shafi mata a manyan makarantu. Sandler ne ya kafa shi a farkon PSEW a shekarar 1971, abubuwan da ke cikinsa sun mayar da hankali kan shugabancin mata, yanayin harabar jami'a, manhaja da ilimin koyarwa, da kuma sabon bincike kan shigar mata cikin manyan makarantu. A kaka ta 2002, OCWW ta ƙaura ta yanar gizo kawai.  A shekarar 2013, buga littafin *On Campus with Women* as different mujallu ya ƙare,  da kuma manufarta ta rufe batutuwan jinsi a manyan makarantu ya ƙare ta hanyar sauran mujallu na ACU, kamar *Liberal Education* and *Diversity and Democracy* . 

#### Lakabi na IX
PSEW ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yin aiki tare da ma'aikatan Majalisa da sauran ƙungiyoyi kan tsara da aiwatar da Take IX, hulɗa da sauran ƙungiyoyi da Majalisa don ginawa da zartar da dokar. PSEW ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin hanya ga jami'o'i don yin shawarwari kan yuwuwar aiwatarwa da manufofi tsakanin zartar da dokar a watan Yunin 1972 da rahoton ƙarshe na 1975 kan aiwatarwa da ƙa'idodi daga Ma'aikatar Lafiya, Ilimi, da Jin Daɗi .  Ƙungiyar ta taimaka wa kwalejoji da jami'o'i don kafa manufofi waɗanda ke iyakance haɗarinsu na keta buƙatun Take IX.  A wannan lokacin na wucin gadi, PSEW sau da yawa tana aiki tare da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa don Mata da 'Yan Mata a Ilimi (NCWGE), ƙungiyar ƙungiyoyi da aka kafa don fafutukar aiwatar da ƙa'idodin Take IX kan aiwatarwa, aiwatarwa, da kuma kuɗaɗen shirye-shiryen ilimi na mata.  

#### Bayan Take IX
Bayan da Dokar IX ta zama doka, PSEW ta ci gaba da ilmantar da masu tsara manufofi da jami'an gwamnati game da matsalolin mata a harabar jami'o'i. Ma'aikatan PSEW sau da yawa suna ziyartar harabar jami'o'i don gano matsaloli da kuma yin aiki tare da gwamnatoci kan aiwatarwa da aiwatar da Dokar IX. PSEW ta kuma ƙirƙiri kayan ilimi kan fyaɗe da cin zarafin jima'i a matsayin albarkatu ga harabar jami'o'i. 

## Manazarta