Gavin Newsom

**Gavin Christopher Newsom** (/ ˈnjuːsəm/ NEW-səm; an haife shi Oktoba 10, 1967) ɗan siyasan Amurka ne kuma ɗan kasuwa wanda ke aiki tun 2019 a matsayin gwamnan California na 40. Memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat, ya yi aiki daga 2011 zuwa 2019 a matsayin Laftanar Gwamna na 49 na California kuma daga 2004 zuwa 2011 a matsayinb  magajin gari na 42 na San Francisco.

Newsom ya sauke karatu daga Jami'ar Santa Clara a 1989 tare da Bachelor of Science a kimiyyar siyasa. Bayan haka, ya kafa boutique winery PlumpJack Group a Oakville, California, tare da magajin biliyan biliyan da abokin dangi Gordon Getty a matsayin mai saka jari. Kamfanin ya girma don sarrafa kasuwancin 23, cbiki har da wuraren cin abinci, gidajen abinci, da otal. Newsom ya fara aikinsa na siyasa a shekara ta 1996, lokacin da magabjin garin San Francisco Willie Brown ya nada shi a hukumar kula da motoci da zirga-zirga ta birnin.[1] Daga nan Brown ya nada Newsom don cike gurbi a Hukumar Kula da Sufuri a shekara mai zuwa kuma an zabi Newsom a cikin hukumar a shekarar 1998.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Gavin Christopher Newsom a ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 1967, a San Francisco, California, ga Tessa Thomas (née Menzies) da William Alfred Newsom III, alkalin kotun daukaka kara na jiha kuma lauya na Getty Oil. San Franciscan na ƙarni na huɗu, Newsom ya fito ne daga fitaccen dangi da ke da alaƙa mai zurfi da birni. Kakansa na mahaifiyarsa Thomas Addis ƙwararren likitan nephrologist ne kuma farfesa a fannin likitanci a Jami'ar Stanford ya lura da bincikensa mai zurfi game da cutar koda. idan Iyayen Newsom sun sake aure a cikin 1971 lokacin yana ɗan shekara uku, ya bar mahaifiyarsa, Tessa, don renon shi da ƙanwarsa, Hilary Newsom Callan, galibi ita kaɗai. Tessa ta yi ayyuka uku - sau da yawa a matsayin mai hidima, ma'aikacin littafi, da sakatariya - don tallafawa dangi, ta haɓaka ɗa'a mai ƙarfi a cikin 'ya'yanta. ] Newsom ya kira yarinta 

tafsirin takardu drahotanni  cikin wata hira da aka yi da shi a shekara ta 2023, ya ce dyslexia ɗinsa "ya tilasta ni in nemo hanyoyin magancewa da tunani dabam-dabam-bazara har yanzu ina amfani da ita kowace rana a matsayin gwamna." basira.Yar'uwarsa Hilary ta tuna da bukukuwan Kirsimati lokacin da mahaifiyarsu ta gargaɗe su da kada su yi tsammanin kyauta, tana mai jaddad amatsalolin kuɗin iyali.   

## Sana'ar kasuwanci
Newsom da masu saka hannun jarinsa sun kirkiro kamfanin PlumpJack Associates L.P a ranar 14 ga Mayu, 1991. Ƙungiyar ta fara PlumpJack Winery a cikin 1992 tare da taimakon kuɗi  na abokin danginsa Gordon Getty. PlumpJack shine sunan wasan opera wanda Getty ya rubuta, wanda ya saka hannun jari a cikin kasuwanci 10 na Newsom 11. farko".

kantin. Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta yi jayayya cewa ruwan inabi abinci ne kuma yana buƙatar kantin sayar da kayan aikin da ya saka $27,000 a cikin shagon ruwan inabi mai kafet a kan dalilin cewa shagon yana buƙatar tanki don mop. Lokacin da aka nada Newsom mai kulawa daga baya, ya gaya wa San Francisco Examiner: "Wannan shine irin rashin lafiyar ofis da zan yi aiki da shi."

Kasuwancin ya girma zuwa kamfani mai ma'aikata sama da 700 he ), wani winery a Napa Valley (1995), da Balboa Café Bar da Grill (1995), da PlumpJack Development Fund LP (1996), da MatrixFillmore Bar (1998), PlumpJack Wines kantin Noe Valley reshe (1999), s.kudin shiga na shekara-shekara na Newsom ya fi $429,000 daga 1996 zuwa 2001. cikin 2002, an ƙima kasuwancin kasuwancinsa fiye da dala miliyan 6.9. ya ba wa ma'aikatan PlumpJack takardar kyauta na wata-wata, waɗanda ra'ayoyin kasuwancinsu suka gaza, domin a ra'ayinsa, "Ba za a sami nasara ba tare da gazawa ba."

  A cikin Fabrairu 2006, ya biya $2,350,000 don gidansa a unguwar Rasha Hill, wanda ya sanya a kasuwa a cikin Afrilu 2009 akan $ 3,000,000.
 

## Farkon aikin siyasa
Duba kuma: Tarihin Zaɓe na Gavin Newsom

Newsom a cikin 1999
Kwarewar siyasa ta farko ta Newsom ta zo ne lokacin da ya ba da kansa don nasarar kamfen na Willie Brown na magajin gari a cikin 1995. Newsom ya dauki nauyin tattara kudade na sirri a PlumpJack Café. brown ya nada Newsom a kujerar da ba kowa a hukumar ajiye motoci da zirga-zirga a shekarar 1996, sannan aka zabe shi a matsayin shugaban hukumar. Brown ya nada shi a kujerar San Francisco Board of Supervisors wurin zama wanda Kevin Shelley ya bari a bacikin 1997. A lokacin, shi ne ƙaramin memba na kwamitin kula da San Francisco. [ 

Newsom ya rantse da mahaifinsa kuma ya yi alkawarin kawo kwarewar kasuwancinsa ga hukumar. Brown ya kira Newsom "bangare na gaba na shugabannin wannan babban birni"  ya bayyana kansa a matsayin "mai sassaucin ra'ayi na zamantakewa da kuma mai sa ido kan kasafin kudi".[  an zabe shi zuwa cikakken . ya biya $ 500 ga Jam'iyyar RepnNablican ta San Francisco don bayyana a kan takardar amincewa da jam'iyyar a 2000 yayin da yake neman mai kulawa. sake zabe shi.

A matsayinsa na mai kula da San Francisco, Newsom ya sami kulawar jama'a saboda rawar da ya taka wajen bayar da shawarar sake fasalin hanyar dogo ta birni (Muni). kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu kulawa guda biyu da Rescue Muni, ƙungiyar masu tuƙi, ta amince da shi a sake zaɓensa na 1998. Ya dauki nauyin Shawarar B don buƙatar Muni da sauran sassan birni don haɓaka cikakkun tsare-tsaren sabis na abokin ciniki.[  ] Matakin ya wuce da kashi 56.6% na kuri'un. 

## Zabe
2003
Babban labarin: 2003 zaben magajin gari San Francisco 
,
Hoton Newsom a matsayin Mai Kula da Hukumar SF, 1999 
Newsom ya sanya na farko a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 2003, babban zaɓe a filin mutum tara. Ya samu kashi 41.9% na kuri'un da dan takarar jam'iyyar Green Party Matt Gonzalez ya samu kashi 19.6 a zagayen farko na jefa kuri'a, amma ya fuskanci fafatawa a zagaye na biyu na zaben na ranar 9 ga watan Disamba, lokacin da yawancin kungiyoyin ci gaban birnin suka goyi bayan Gonzalez.   jagorancin Demokraɗiyya sun ji cewa suna buƙatar ƙarfafa San Francisco a matsayin tushen Demokraɗiyya bayan sun sha kaye a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 2000 da zaɓen tunawa da gwamna na 2003 ga Arnold Schwarzenegger. Jigogin Jam'iyyar Democratic Party, ciki har da Bill Clinton, Al Gore, da Jesse Jackson, sun yi yakin neman zaben Newsom. "Newsom: 'The Time for Change is Here'">  masu sa ido biyar sun amince da Gonzalez, yayin da Willie Brown ya amince da Newsom 

Newsom ya lashe zaben zagaye na biyu da kashi 53% na kuri'un da aka kada inda Gonzalez ya samu kashi 47%, ratar kuri'u 11,000. ya yi matsayi a matsayin dan jam'iyyar Dbmocrat mai son kasuwanci kuma mai matsakaicin ra'ayi a siyasar San Francisco. Wasu daga cikin masu adawa da shi suna kiransa da ‘yan mazan jiya  ya yi iƙirarin cewa shi ɗan tsakiya ne a cikin ƙirar Dianne Feinstein] Ya yi gudu a kan taken "manyan birane, manyan ra'ayoyi", kuma ya gabatar da takardun manufofin sama da 21.[34] Shi 

An rantsar da Newsom a matsayin magajin gari a ranar 8 ga Janairu, 2004. ya yi kira da a hada kai a tsakanin bangarorin siyasar birnin, ya kuma yi alkawarin magance matsalolin makarantun gwamnaati da ramuka da gidaje masu saukin kudi "

### Auren jinsi daya
Newsom ya sami kulawar ƙasa a cikin 2004 lokacin da ya umurci magatakarda na gundumar San Francisco don ba da lasisin aure ga ma'auratan jinsi ɗaya, wanda ya keta dokar jiha. watan Agustan 2004, Kotun Koli ta California ta soke auren Newsom ya ba da izini, yayin da suka ci karo da dokar jihar. Duk da haka, matakin ba zato na Newsom ya jawo hankalin al'umma kan batun auren jinsi ɗaya, yana ƙarfafa goyon bayan siyasa a gare shi a San Francisco da kuma cikin al'ummar LGBTQ+      

A lokacin zaben 2008, Newsom ya yi adawa da Shawara ta 8, yunƙurin jefa ƙuri'a don sauya hukuncin Kotun Koli ta California cewa akwai haƙƙin tsarin mulki na auren jinsi ]  bWasu masu lura sun lura cewa zabe ya canza zuwa ga Shawarar 8 bayan sakin kasuwancin; wannan kuma ya haifar da rade-radin cewa Newsom ya taka rawa ba da gangan ba a cikin nassin gyaran.    
  

## laftanar Gwamnan California
(2011-2019)
Zabe  
2010
Duba kuma: Zaɓen Laftanar Gwamna na California na 2010  
,
Hoton hukuma na Newsom a matsayin Laftanar gwamnan California

Newsom yayi kamfen don Jerry Brown na gwamna, Oktoba 2010
Newsom ya gabatar da takardar farko don tsayawa takarar mukaddashin gwamna a watan Fabrairun 2010, , kuma a hukumance ya sanar da takararsa a watan Maris. shi 2] An rantsar da Newsom a matsayin Laftanar Gwamna a ranar 10 ga Janairu, 2011, kuma ya yi aiki a karkashin Gwamna Jerry Brown.  

 

## 2007
Babban labarin: 2007 zaben magajin gari San Francisco
Al'ummar San Francisco masu ci gaba sun yi ƙoƙarin tsayar da ɗan takara don gudanar da kamfen mai ƙarfi da Newsom. Masu sa ido Ross Mirkarimi da Chris Daly sun yi la'akari da gudu, amma dukansu sun ƙi. Gonzalez kuma ya yanke shawarar ba zai sake kalubalantar Newsom ba.

Lokacin da 10 ga Agusta, 2007, wa'adin ƙaddamarwa ya wuce, tattaunawar San Francisco ta koma magana game da wa'adi na biyu na Newsom. 'Yan takara 13 ne suka kalubalanci shi a zaben, ciki har da George Davis, mai fafutukar neman tsiraici, da Michael Powers, mai kungiyar jima'i ta musayar wutar lantarki. Tsohon mai kula da masu ra'ayin mazan jiya Tony Hall ya janye daga farkon watan Satumba saboda rashin tallafi.

San Francisco Chronicle ya bayyana a cikin Agusta 2007 cewa Newsom bai fuskanci "mummunan barazana ga sake zabensa ba", bayan da ya tara dala miliyan 1.6 don yakin neman zabensa a farkon watan Agusta.sake zabe shi a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba da fiye da kashi 72% na kuri'un. Bayan da ya hau ofis na wa'adi na biyu, Newsom ya yi alkawarin mayar da hankali kan muhalli, rashin matsuguni, kula da lafiya, ilimi, gidaje, da sake gina Babban Asibitin San Francisco. 

## Adalci na laifi da halatta cannabis
A cikin 2014, Newsom shine kawai ɗan siyasa a duk faɗin jihar don amincewa da Shawarar California 47, dokar da ta sake rarraba wasu laifuffukan rashin tashin hankali kamar laifuffukan muggan ƙwayoyi da na dukiya a matsayin ɓarna sabanin aikata laifuka. Masu jefa kuri'a sun zartar da wannan matakin ne a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 2014. . 

A cikin Yuli  Newsom ya goyi bayan ma'aunin da aka samu,  64, wanda ya halatta amfani da cannabis da noma ga mazauna jihar California waɗanda ke da shekaru 21 ko fiye. 

A ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 2017, don mayar da martani ga maganganun tilastawa da Sakataren Yada Labarai na Fadar White House Sean Spicer, Newsom ya aika da Attorney Janar Jeff Sessions da Shugaba Donald Trump da wasiƙa yana roƙon su da kada su ƙara tilasta wa gwamnatin tarayya takunkumi kan kamfanonin cannabis na nishaɗi da ke buɗe a California. Ya rubuta: "Bai kamata gwamnati ta kwanae masana'antar da ke bin doka da ta bainar jama'a ba sannan ta mayar da ita ga masu safarar miyagun kwayoyi da masu aikata laifuka ... Dillalai ba sa katin yara. Ina roƙon ku da gwamnatin ku da ku yi aiki tare da California da sauran jihohi takwas waɗanda suka halatta shan wiwi na nishaɗi don amfani da manya ta hanyar da za ta ba mu damar aiwatar da dokokin jiharmu da ke kare jama'a da mugayen ƴan wasanmu yayin da muke kaiwa hari. " Newsom ya mayar da martani ga kalaman Spicer wanda ya kwatanta cannabis da opioids: "Ba kamar marijuana ba, opioids suna wakiltar wani abu mai jaraba kuma mai cutarwa, kuma zan yi maraba da kokarin da gwamnatin ku ta mayar da hankali kan magance wannan matsalar lafiyar jama'a."
   

## Ilimi
Newsom ya haɗu da Sufeto na Kwalejin Long Beach City Eloy Oakley a cikin Nuwamba 2015 op-ed yana kira don ƙirƙirar Alƙawarin Kwalejin California, wanda zai haifar da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin makarantun jama'a, jami'o'in jama'a, da masu daukar ma'aikata da ba da ilimin kwalejin al'umma kyauta. A cikin 2016, ya shiga magajin garin Oakland Libby Schaaf a ƙaddamar da Alƙawarin Oakland da Uwargida ta Biyu Jill Biden da magajin garin Los Angeles Eric Garcetti a ƙaddamar da Alƙawarin LA. ]  A watan Yuni 2016, Newsom ya taimaka wajen samar da dala miliyan 15 a cikin kasafin kudin jihar don tallafawa ƙirƙirar shirye-shiryen alkawura a duk faɗin jihar.,

A cikin Disamba 2015, Newsom ya yi kira ga Jami'ar California da ta sake rarraba darussan kimiyyar kwamfuta a matsayin babban ajin ilimi don ƙarfafa ƙarin manyan makarantu don ba da tsarin karatun kimiyyar kwamfuta.[  Ya dauki nauyin doka mai nasara da Gwamna Brown ya sanya wa hannu a watan Satumba na 2016, wanda ya fara shirin fadada ilimin kimiyyar na'ura mai kwakwalwa ga dukkan daliban jihar, tun daga makarantar sakandare 
## 2021 tuna zabe
Babban labarin: 2021 zaben tunawa da gwamnan California
An ƙaddamar da yunƙurin tunawa da yawa a kan Newsom a farkon wa'adinsa, amma sun kasa samun jan hankali sosai. A ranar 21 ga Fabrairu, 2020, Orrin Heatlie, mataimakiyar sheriff a gundumar Yolo ta gabatar da koken tunawa. Takardar koken ta ambaci manufofin jihar Newsom mai tsarki kuma ta ce dokokin da ya amince da su sun fi son "'yan kasashen waje, a cikin kasarmu ba bisa ka'ida ba";

Tilastawa zaben na gwamna ya bukaci jimillar sa hannun mutane 1,495,709 da aka tantance.to A watan Agustan 2020, sakatariyar gwamnati ta gabatar da sa hannun 55,000 kuma ta tabbatar da ita, kuma an gabatar da sabbin sa hannu guda 890 zuwa Oktoba 2020.,to Tun da farko an ba da takardar sa hannu kan ranar 17 ga Nuwamba, 2020, amma an tsawaita ta zuwa 17 ga Maris, 2021, bayan da alkali James P. Arguelles ya yanke hukuncin cewa masu shigar da kara na iya samun karin lokaci saboda cutar.[,to fushin masu jefa ƙuri'a game da kulle-kulle, asarar aiki, rufe makarantu da kasuwanci; ] da kuma badakalar dala biliyan 31 a hukumar rashin aikin yi ta jihar an ƙididdige su don tallafin girma na tunawa. Lamarin wanki na Faransa ya faru ne a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, vda Maris 17, 2021 to

A ranar 14 ga Satumba, 2021, an gudanar da zaɓen tunawa, kuma kashi 38% ne kawai suka kada kuri'a don kiran Newsom, don haka ya ci gaba da zama a ofis.to] Umurnin nasa na zama a gida a duk fadin jihar ya zama wajibi a ranar 19 ga Maris. Ya ba da damar yin motsi a wajen gida don buƙatu ko nishaɗi, amma ana buƙatar mutane su kiyaye nesa mai aminci. Ayyukan "ana buƙatar kiyaye ci gaba da aiki na sassan samar da ababen more rayuwa na tarayya, ayyuka masu mahimmanci na gwamnati, makarantu, kula da yara, da gine-gine" an cire su daga cikin odar.  Muhimman ayyuka kamar shagunan miya da kantin magani sun kasance a buɗe. Newsom ya ba da kuɗin jihar don biyan matakan kariya kamar masaukin otal na asibiti da sauran ma'aikata masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke tsoron komawa gida da cutar da danginsu.gahhgVababsnsgaaa"No gatherings, restaurant meals in California now, Gavin News

## Zamba da rashin aikinyi
A cikin Janairu 2021, jaridar Los Angeles Times ta ba da rahoton cewa gwamnatin Newsom ta karkatar da dala biliyan 11.4 ta hanyar rarraba fa'idodin rashin aikin yi ga masu da'awar da ba su cancanta ba, musamman waɗanda aka biya ta shirin Taimakon Rashin Aikin Yi na Bala'i na Tarayya. Wani dala tiriliyan 19 na da'awar ya ci gaba da bincike kan zamba. Haka nan kuma masu da’awa na halal sun fuskanci tsaiko mai tsawo wajen samun fa’ida. KwaHadago ta California Julie Su ce ta kula da tsarin rashin aikin yi na jihar, wanda aka nada Newsom, wanda daga baya Shugaba Joe Biden ya nada a matsayin mataimakin sakataren kwadago a watan Fabrairun 202  ]
 to
 Masana sun ce yawancin zamba ya samo asali ne daga kungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka na kasa da kasa a kasashe 20.  ] Wani rahoto da mai binciken kudi na jihar California Elaine Howle ya fitar ya ce an bayar da dala miliyan 810 ga masu da’awar da suka shigar da karar da laifin damfara a madadin fursunonin da ke gidan yarin jihar 

A cewar The Sacramento Bee, a lokacin bazara na 2021, California ta ci bashin dala biliyan 23 ga gwamnatin tarayya don fa'idodin rashin aikin yi da aka biya yayin bala'in, wanda shine kashi 43% na duk bashin rashin aikin yi, wanda jihohi 13 ke bi a lokacin, ga gwamnatin tarayya. yawancin wannan basussuka ba su da alaƙa da shirye-shiryen rashin aikin yi na bala'in da gwamnatin tarayya ke bayarwa waɗanda suka fuskanci yawancin zamba, kuma a maimakon haka ya kasance saboda dogon lokaci da rashin aikin yi na California a lokacin bala'in. 
 
 

## Makamashi da muhalli
Don ƙarin ɗaukar hoto na wannan batu, duba manufofin Canjin Yanayi na California da Karɓar Ruwa a cikin Amurka. 
Newsom yayi magana game da canjin yanayi a Wuta ta Arewa, Satumba 2020
Bayan ya hau kan karagar mulki a shekarar 2019, Newsom ya gaji Brown a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kungiyar hadin kan yanayi ta Amurka. A watan Satumba na 2019, Newsom ya ki amincewa da SB 1, wanda zai kiyaye kariyar muhalli a matakin jiha wanda aka saita don komawa cikin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin manufofin muhalli na gwamnatin Trump. A cikin Fabrairu 2020, gwamnatin Newsom ta kai karar hukumomin tarayya kan koma baya don kare kifin da ke cikin hadari a cikin Kogin Sacramento-San Joaquin a cikin 2019.    
 
Newsom ya halarci taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Ayyukan Yanayi na 2019, inda ya yi magana game da California a matsayin jagorar yanayi saboda ayyukan gwamnonin da ke gabansa.[  A cikin watan Agusta 2020, ya yi jawabi ga Babban Taron Dimokuradiyya na 2020. Jawabin nasa ya yi tsokaci kan sauyin yanayi da kuma gobarar daji da ta yi kamari a California a  lokacin. ranar 23 ga Satumba, 2020, Newsom ya rattaba hannu kan wani umarni na zartarwa don kawar da siyar da motocin da ke amfani da mai kuma yana buƙatar duk sabbin motocin fasinja da aka sayar a cikin jihar su zama babu hayaki nan da 2035. Kudiddigar da ya sanya hannu a cikin watan Satumba tare da mayar da hankali kan muhalli sun haɗa da hukumar nazarin hakar lithium a kusa da Tekun Salton.  

## manazarta