Idanu na adawa

Ganin adawa kalma ce da ƙuƙwalwar ƙaho ta kirkira a cikin rubutun 1992 The Oppositional Gaze: Black Female Spectators wanda ke nufin ikon dubawa. A cewar ƙugiyoyi, **kallon adawa** wata hanya ce da Baƙar fata a cikin matsayi mai ƙasƙanci ke sadarwa da matsayinsu. rubutun ƙugiya aiki ne na Ka'idar fim din mata wanda ke tattauna kallon namiji, Michel Foucault, da fararen mata a cikin ka'idar fina-finai.

## Tarihi
A cikin rubutun 1992 "The Oppositional Gaze: Black Female Spectators", ƙugiyoyi sun bayyana kallon jikin baƙar fata kamar yadda aka hana shi, an musanta shi, da kuma yin tambayoyi. Ta yi jayayya cewa kallo ya zama aikin tawaye a zamanin Bautar Amurka lokacin da masu bautar sau da yawa sukan azabtar da bayi saboda kallon su kawai. Ta hanyar tattaunawa mai mahimmanci game da mata baƙar fata da fina-finai, kallon adawa ya shiga a matsayin hanyar da baƙar fata za su sami hukumomi don yaki da fifikon fararen fata. A sakamakon nuna wariyar launin fata na baƙar fata a cikin fina-finai masu yawa, fim din baƙar fata mai zaman kansa ya tashi. Koyaya, ƙugiyoyi sun lura cewa masu yin fina-finai na baƙar fata suna wakiltar mata baƙar fata a cikin fina-fukkansu a matsayin abubuwa na kallon namiji wanda ke ci gaba da fararen fata, kamar yadda aka gabatar da jikin mace baƙar fata kawai don haɓaka da kiyaye fararen mace a matsayin abu na kallon phallocentric.

An fara kirkirar wannan ra'ayi ne a matsayin ruwan tabarau na ka'idar mai mahimmanci ga mata baƙi don amfani yayin kallon fim.

Binciken adawa ya ƙunshi hanyoyin dubawa waɗanda ke amfani da idanu masu tunani, gami da namiji, mata, da kuma idanu na phallocentric. 

### Dubi na namiji
Binciken adawa shine kin amincewa kai tsaye da Laura Mulvey's Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema (1975).  Rubutun Mulvey ya bincika matakin madubi na Lacan a cikin fim, yana kammala cewa batun shine "haihuwar dogon soyayya / fidda rai tsakanin hoto da hoton kai wanda ya sami irin wannan tsananin magana a cikin fim da irin wannan farin ciki a cikin masu sauraron fim". Ta ci gaba da wannan batu ta hanyar sukar "halayen fim din namiji" kamar yadda ba a ƙarƙashin kallon ido ba, amma a maimakon haka matsayi mai ƙarfi kamar yadda 'Kyakkyawan son kai' ya bunkasa a farkon matakan ganewa a gaban madubi. Mulvey ya bayyana "rabuwa tsakanin mai aiki / namiji da mai wucewa / mace" a matsayin jin daɗin kallon da ke ƙayyade kallon namiji ya tsara siffar mace. ƙugiya ta karyata wannan da'awar tana cewa, "Masu kallo na mata 'da kuzari' sun zaɓi kada su gane da batun fim ɗin saboda irin wannan ganewa ba ta da kyau"

Ma'anar ganin kai a adawa da "kai mai kyau" dole ne ya fara da fahimtar jikin mutum kamar yadda ya bambanta. Wakilin mata baƙar fata a cikin fim ya wanzu da farko a adawa da jikin mace mai farin. Don haka, mata baƙar fata galibi suna neman matakin madubi saboda har yanzu ba su ga ainihin wakilcin kansu ba. ƙugiyoyi suna ba da misali na wannan sanarwa mai ban mamaki ta hanyar haruffa biyu a cikin fim din Passion of Remembrance . Ta rubuta, "Yana ado don zuwa wata ƙungiya, Louise da Maggie suna da'awar 'ganin'. Dubi juna, suna kallon madubai, sun bayyana gaba ɗaya suna mai da hankali kan gamuwarsu da baƙar fata".

## Manazarta