Mabel Dove Danquah

**Mabel Dove Danquah** (1905 -1984) ita 'yar jaridar Gold Coast ce, mai fafutukar siyasa, kuma marubuciya mai kirki, daya daga cikin matan farko a Yammacin Afirka da ke aiki a wadannan fannoni. Kamar yadda Francis Elsbend Kofigah ya lura dangane da majagaba na rubuce-rubuce na Ghana, "kafin fitowar masu wannan kakkarfan ra'ayi na mata kamar Efua Sutherland da Ama Ata Aidoo, akwai Mabel Dove Danquah, mata mai saurin ra'ayi." Ta yi amfani da wasu maganganu iri-iri a rubuce don jaridu daga 1930s:" Marjorie Mensah "a cikin *Times of West Africa*;" Dama Dumas "a cikin *African Morning Post*;" Ebun Alakija "a cikin Jaridar *Nigerian Daily Times*; da" Akosua Dzatsui "a cikin *Accra Evening News*. Ta shiga siyasa a cikin shekarun 1950 kafin samun 'yancin kai na Ghana, ta zama mace ta farko da aka zaba a matsayin memba na kowace majalisar dokokin Afirka. Ta kirkiro wayar da kan jama'a da kuma bukatar gudanar da mulkin kai ta hanyar ayyukanta.

## Ilimi da farkon shekarun
Mabel Ellen Dove an haife ta a Accra ga Eva Buckman, 'yar kasuwa a Osu, da Francis (Frans) Dove (1869-1949), lauya daga Saliyo wanda shi ne Shugaban farko na Gold Coast Bar. Tare da 'yan uwanta mata, Mabel yana da shekara shida an kai shi Makarantar Annie Walsh Memorial a Freetown, Saliyo, kuma ta sami Karin ilimi a Ingila a Anglican Convent a Bury St. Edmunds da St. Makarantar Michael, Hurstpierpoint, inda ta dauki matakin sakatariya, ba tare da burin mahaifinta ba. An sake tura ta zuwa Freetown, kuma yayin da ta taimaka ta kafa kulob din wasan cricket na mata, ta shiga cikin al'ummomin wasan kwaikwayo na gida da karatu sosai, kafin ta dawo tun tana da shekaru 21 zuwa Gold Coast. Ta sami aiki a matsayin dan gajeren zanen rubutu tare da Dattijon Dempster na tsawon shekaru takwas, sannan ta koma G. B. Olivant, kafin ta tafi aiki a matsayin Manajan tare da kamfanin kasuwanci na A. G. Leventis.

## Aikin Jarida
Ta fara rubutu ne ga jaridar *The Times of West Africa*, jaridar farko ta kasar Ghana, wacce Dr J. B. Danquah ya kafa kuma mallakar ta kuma tana da matukar goyon baya ga hakkokin bil adama yayin da suke musanta mamayar kasashen waje. Ta hanyar shafin "Ladies Corner [daga baya Mata] ta Marjorie Mensah" (1931-34), labaran nata sun sami babban shahararta a bainar jama'a: "ta yi kokarin mata su karye da tsari, don samun kwarin gwiwa daga masu fada a ji, da yin tir da mulkin mallaka, da yin gwagwarmaya don 'yancinsu." Ta kuma sami sha'awar mallakar takarda, wanda daga ƙarshe ta aura a 1933. A shekara ta 1939, ta ba da jawaban rediyo don nuna goyon baya ga yaƙin.

Bayan jaridar *The Times of West Africa* ta daina aiki, sai ta ci gaba da yin rubutu don Jaridar *African Morning Post* (1935-40), Jaridar *Nigerian Daily Times* (1936-37), *Accra Evening News* (1950-1960s) da *Daily Graphic* ( 1952). Lokacin da a cikin 1951 ta dauki nauyin shirya labarai na *Accra Evening News* - takarda na Convention People’s Party (CPP), wanda aka kafa a 1948 - ita ce mace ta biyu da ta taba yin gyaran jarida a Ghana. Kodayake nadin ya kare bayan watanni biyar saboda rashin jituwa da shugaban CPP Kwame Nkrumah kan hanyoyin edita, amma ta kasance mai biyayya ga Nkrumah da jam'iyyar.

## Siyasa
Kasancewarta da siyasa ta fara ne bayan Kwame Nkrumah ya kafa Jam'iyyarsa ta Convention People’s Party (CPP), a cikin 1949, kuma ta zama memba na ma’aikatan kishin kasa na *Accra Evening News*, tare da shiga yakin neman karshen mulkin Burtaniya da kuma samun mulkin kai na kai tsaye. Gold Coast. A babban zaben shekarar 1954, ta himmatu wajen shirya mata don CPP, daga baya aka sanya ta a matsayin dan takarar CPP na mazabar Ga Rural, wanda ta ci nasara. Zaben nata ya sanya ta zama mace ta farko a majalisar dokoki ta Gold Coast.

## Rubutun kirkire-kirkire
Ta kasance marubuciya mai fasaha a cikin tsawon shekaru arba'in — tarin littattafan da aka buga na gajerun labarai sun hada da *The Happenings of the Night* (1931) *The Adventures of the Black Girl in her Search for Mr Shaw* (1934) *Anticipation* (1947) *The Torn Veil* (1947) *Payment* (1947) *Invisible Scar* (1966) da kuma *Evidence of Passion* (1969) — har sai da makanta ta rufe shi a shekarar 1972. An sake nazarin aikinta a cikin tarin da suka hada da *An African Treasury: Articles, Essays, Stories, Poems* (1960) na Langston Hughes, da *Daughters of Africa* (1992) na Margaret Busby. Tarin aikinta, *Selected Writings of a Pioneer West African Feminist* (wanda Stephanie Newell da Audrey Gadzekpo suka buga), an buga su a cikin 2004.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
A watan Satumbar 1933 Dove ta auri ɗan siyasa kuma ɗan tarihi J. B. Danquah kuma suna da ɗa, Vladimir. Koyaya, auren "bai tsira daga tsawan lokacin da Danquah ya yi ba a tsakanin shekarun 1934 zuwa 36 lokacin da yake Ingila a matsayin sakataren wakilan kungiyar Gold Coast" kuma ma'auratan sun sake su a tsakiyar 1940s.

## Littafin da aka zaɓa

* *The Happenings of the Night* (1931)
* *The Adventures of the Black Girl in her Search for Mr Shaw* (1934)
* *Anticipation* (1947)
* *The Torn Veil* (1947)
* *Payment* (1947)
* *Invisible Scar* (1966)
* *Evidence of Passion* (1969)
* *Selected Writings of a Pioneer West African Feminist* (edited by Stephanie Newell and Audrey Gadzekpo). Nottingham: Trent Editions, 2004. .

## Gado
Dove's satire na George Bernard Shaw's Adventures of the Black Girl in Her Search for God (1932), wanda ta yi wa lakabi da Adventures of the Black Girl a cikin Binciken Mista Shaw, an sanya shi a cikin dakin karatun Burtaniya na 2015-16 a yammacin Afirka: Magana, Alama, Waƙa.

## Ci gaba da karatu

* LaRay Denzer, "Gender & Decolonization: A Study of Three Women in West African Public Life", in Andrea Cornwall, *Readings in Gender in Africa*, International African Institute in association with James Currey/Indiana University Press, 2005, pp. 217–224.
* Audrey Gadzekpo, "The Hidden History of Gender in Ghanaian Print Culture", in Oyeronke Oyewumi (ed.), *African Gender Studies: A Reader*, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005, pp. 279–296.
* K. A. B. Jones-Quartey, *Profiles — First Lady of Pen and Parliament — A Portrait* (1975)
* Stephanie Newell, "White cargoes/black cargoes on the West Coast of Africa: Mabel Dove's *A Woman in Jade*", *Literary Culture in Colonial Ghana: "How to Play the Game of Life"*, Manchester University Press, 2002, pp. 119–134.
* Naana J. Opoku-Agyeman, "Recovering Lost Voices: The Short Stories of Mabel Dove-Danquah", in Stephanie Newell (ed.), *Writing African Women: Gender, Popular Culture and Literature in West Africa*, London: Zed Books, 1997, pp. 74–75.

## Manazarta


## Hanyoyin hadi na waje
* Kofigah, Francis Elsbend, "The Writing of Mabel Dove Danquah", 6 July 1996. A thesis submitted to the Board of Postgraduate Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the Degree of Master of Arts in Comparative Literature, 1996.
* Kwarteng, Francis, "Mabel Dove-Danquah: A Trailblazing Author, Feminist, Politician, Activist & Journalist", GhanaWeb, 17 October 2015.