Jill Abramson

**Jill Ellen Abramson** (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga Maris, 1954)  marubuciya ce 'yar Amurka, 'yar jarida, kuma mai ilimi. An fi saninta da tsohuwar editan zartarwa ta *[[New York Times|jaridar The New York Times]]* ; Abramson ta riƙe wannan matsayin daga Satumba 2011 zuwa Mayu 2014. Ita ce editan zartarwa mace ta farko a tarihin jaridar na shekaru 160.  Abramson ta shiga jaridar *New York Times* a shekarar 1997, tana aiki a matsayin babbar jami'ar ofishin Washington kuma babbar edita kafin a naɗa ta a matsayin babbar edita. Ta taɓa yin aiki a *jaridar The Wall Street Journal* a matsayin mai ba da rahoto kan bincike da kuma mataimakiyar shugabar ofishin. 

A watan Maris na 2016, an ɗauke ta aiki a matsayin marubuciyar siyasa ta *Guardian US* .  A shekarar 2019, ta fuskanci suka sosai bayan an gano cewa littafinta *Merchants Of Truth* ya ƙunshi sassaka da aka yi da kuma kurakurai da dama na gaskiya, kodayake Donald Trump ya yaba wa littafin Abramson saboda gaskiyarsa.  

A shekarar 2012, ta kasance lamba ta biyar a jerin mata mafiya iko  .   An kuma sanya ta a cikin mutane 500 mafi karfi a duniya ta hanyar *Manufofin Waje* . 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Abramson a birnin New York kuma ya girma a gidan Yahudawa .   Ta sami takardar shaidar kammala karatun sakandare daga Makarantar Al'adu ta Fieldston da kuma digiri na farko a fannin Tarihi da Adabi daga Kwalejin Radcliffe da ke Jami'ar Harvard a shekarar 1976. 

## Sana'a
A lokacin da take karatun digiri a Harvard, ta kasance editan fasaha na *The Harvard Independent*, kuma ta yi aiki a mujallar *[[Time (magazine)|Time]]* daga 1973 zuwa 1976. Daga baya, ta shafe kusan shekaru goma a matsayin babbar mai ba da rahoto ga *The American Lawyer* .  A shekarar 1986, an naɗa ta a matsayin babban edita na *Legal Times* da ke Washington, DC, tana aiki na tsawon shekaru biyu. Daga 1988 zuwa 1997, ta kasance babbar mai ba da rahoto a ofishin Washington na *The Wall Street Journal*, daga ƙarshe ta zama mataimakiyar shugabar ofishin. Ta shiga jaridar *The New York Times* a 1997, ta zama shugabar ofishinta na Washington a watan Disamba na 2000. 

Abramson shi ne shugaban ofishin jaridar *Times a* Washington a lokacin da ake cikin mawuyacin hali na bazara na 2003 a lokacin da ake gab da yaƙin Iraki da kuma badakalar Jayson Blair, wadda ta kai ga murabus din Babban Editan Howell Raines da Babban Editan Gerald Boyd . A wata hira da aka yi da shi a watan Fabrairun 2013, Abramson ta yi magana game da rikicin da ta yi da Raines a matsayin shugaban ofishin DC, tana mai cewa, "Tun daga farko Howell bai yi min wani amfani ba. ... Na yi tunanin barin aiki."  An nada Abramson a matsayin babban editan labarai (tare da babban Editan Gudanarwa John M. Geddes ) wanda magajin Raines Bill Keller ya nada. 

A shekarar 1995, Abramson da abokin aikinta *na Wall Street Journal* (kuma abokiyar karatunta ta Fieldston ) Jane Mayer sun rubuta *Strange Justice: The Selling of Clarence Thomas*, wanda ya yi cikakken bayani game da yanayin da ke tattare da zaman tabbatar da Justice Clarence Thomas . Daga baya Maureen Dowd ta rubuta cewa ta yi mu'amala da Abramson a wannan lokacin.  Daga 2000 zuwa 2001, farfesa ce a Jami'ar Princeton .  An zabe ta a matsayin Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences a 2001. 

A watan Fabrairun 2007, Abramson ta bayar da shaida a shari'ar shaidar ƙarya ta Scooter Libby, *Amurka da Libby* . An kira ta a matsayin shaidar kariya don rage sahihancin Judith Miller . 

A shekarar 2010, Abramson ya yi aiki a kan abubuwan da ke cikin labarai a gidan yanar  *Times* na tsawon watanni shida. 

A ranar 2 ga Yuni, 2011, Abramson ya zama babban editan *jaridar Times,* inda ya maye gurbin Bill Keller wanda ya sauka daga mukamin don zama marubuci na cikakken lokaci. 

An shirya Abramson zai yi jawabi a bikin fara karatun digiri na farko na Kwalejin Barnard a ranar 14 ga Mayu, 2012. An soke jawabinta bayan Shugaba Barack Obama ya nemi yin jawabi a madadin haka.  Ta sami digirin girmamawa a bikin fara karatun digiri na 69 na Fairleigh Dickinson a watan Mayu na 2012. 

A watan Afrilun 2013, Abramson ya fuskanci suka mai tsanani a cikin wani rubutu a cikin *Politico* wanda Dylan Byers ya rubuta mai taken "Turbulence at the Times,"  inda ma'aikatan *Times* da ba a san ko su waye ba suka kira ta "ba zai yiwu ba" kuma "ba a son ta sosai." Abramson ta damu ƙwarai da rahoton, daga baya ya ce ya sa ta kuka. 

A ranar 14 ga Mayu, 2014, an kori Abramson daga mukaminta na babban editan *jaridar Times*, kuma Dean Baquet ya gaje ta a wannan matsayin.  An ruwaito cewa an kori Abramson saboda "yanke shawara ba bisa ka'ida ba, gazawar tuntubar abokan aiki da kuma kawo su tare, rashin isasshen sadarwa, da kuma cin zarafin abokan aiki".  Bayan kwana biyar, ta gabatar da jawabin fara aiki a Jami'ar Wake Forest .  A watan Yunin 2014, an sanar da cewa Abramson ya shiga sashen Turanci a Harvard, kuma zai koyar da darussa kan rubuta labarai marasa almara. 

A lokacin da ake shirin zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na Amurka na 2016, Abramson ya yi jayayya a wani rubutu da *jaridar Guardian US* ta yi cewa Hillary Clinton, wadda ta yi rahoto a matsayin 'yar jarida kuma edita tun bayan rikicin Whitewater, "tana da gaskiya kuma abin dogaro." 

A ranar 19 ga Fabrairu, 2018, Abramson ta biyo bayan littafinta na 1995 kan Clarence Thomas da zaman sauraron shari'ar Anita Hill tare da tattaunawa kan sabbin shaidu da ke nuna cewa Thomas ya yi rantsuwar karya wanda za a iya danganta shi da yiwuwar tsige shi.  Abramson ta nuna cewa rahotonta ya samo asali ne daga wani labarin da 'yar jarida Marcia Coyle ta rubuta a shekarar 2016 lokacin da Abramson ta ce, "An ba da shawara ga wani majiya ta shari'a ta Maryland wacce ta san Smith (wanda ya yi zargin), Marcia Coyle, wata 'yar jaridar Kotun Koli da ake girmamawa sosai kuma ba ta da ra'ayi a cikin ka'ida ga *Jaridar The National Law Journal*, ta rubuta cikakken labari game da zargin (Moira) Smith na matse duwawu, wanda ya haɗa da tabbatar da sahihancin abokan zaman Smith a lokacin cin abincin dare da kuma daga tsohon mijinta. Labarin Coyle, wanda Thomas ya musanta, an buga shi a ranar 27 ga Oktoba, 2016". 

A watan Disamba na 2018, Fox News ta ruwaito cewa littafin Abramson Merchants of Truth ya soki tsohon mai aikinta Times saboda barin sahihanci da kuma zama "mai adawa da Trump" don ƙara riba. Abramson ya mayar da martani ta hanyar cewa sharhin Fox News "ya ɓata kuma ya ɗauki abin da na rubuta gaba ɗaya ba tare da mahallinsa ba" kuma ya yaba wa Times tare da The Washington Post saboda "rahoton da suka yi na cin hanci da rashawa da ya mamaye gwamnatin Trump, mafi kyawun rahoton bincike da na gani."

## Zarge-zargen satar bayanai
A watan Fabrairun 2019, wakilin Vice News Michael C. Moynihan ya ce littafin Abramson mai *suna Merchants of Truth* ya ƙunshi misalai da dama na satar bayanai, inda ya wallafa jerin sakonnin Twitter da ke kwatanta sassan littafin da sassan wasu wallafe-wallafe, ciki har da *Time Out*, *The Ryerson Review of Journalism*, *The New Yorker*, *The Columbia Journalism Review*, da sauran ayyuka.    A wata hira da aka yi da Fox News a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, Abramson ta ce ba ta da wani sharhi kan zarge-zargen satar bayanai, amma daga baya a daren ranar ta ce za ta sake duba sassan da ake magana a kai.   Duk da haka, a wata hira da Michel Martin na NPR, Abramson ta yarda cewa ta "kasa" wajen danganta tushenta da wasu sassan littafin.  A wata hira da Brian Stelter na CNN, Abramson ta ce yawancin rubutun da aka kwafi an ambace su a cikin ƙananan bayanai, amma hakan ya sa ta yi nadama cewa wasu sassan rubutu ba su kasance ba.  Stelter ya nuna wa Abramson cewa ɗaga kalmomi daga wasu tushe da kuma ambaton bayanan ƙasa har yanzu ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin satar bayanai. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
A shekarar 1981, Abramson ya auri abokin karatunsa na Harvard Henry Little Griggs III. Griggs a lokacin shine shugaban Triad, wani kamfanin hulda da jama'a na siyasa. Ana kiransa da "marubuci, edita kuma mai ba da shawara kan harkokin watsa labarai wanda ya ƙware a kamfen ɗin fafutukar neman zaman lafiya." Suna da 'ya'ya biyu.

A watan Mayun 2007, Abramson ta ji mummunan rauni a wani hatsarin mota da ya faru a kusa da hedikwatar ' *The New York Times* da ke Times Square . Daga baya ta shigar da ƙara a kan direban motar, mai ita, da mai kula da ita, waɗanda ke da hannu a hatsarin, da kuma kamfanoni biyu da suka shiga cikin hatsarin. 

A watan Agusta na 2010, Abramson ta ji mummunan rauni yayin da take tafiya a filin shakatawa na Yellowstone National Park . Tana fama da raunin hannu da baya, an ɗauke ta zuwa Billings, Montana don tiyatar gyara, wanda ya haifar da cikakkiyar murmurewa. 

Abramson tana da jarfa guda huɗu a jikinta waɗanda ta bayyana a matsayin "bayar da labarina." Sun haɗa da alamar jirgin ƙasa na New York City ; harafin "H," wanda ke wakiltar ɗalibanta, Jami'ar Harvard, da mijinta, Henry; da kuma harafin "T" a cikin rubutun Gothic na tambarin *New York Times* .  Abramson ta fara bayyana jarfa ta ta *New York Times* a wani shirin hira na New York ƙasa da wata guda kafin a kore ta daga jaridar, tana mai cewa, tare da jarfa ta 'H' tana wakiltar "cibiyoyi biyu da nake girmamawa, waɗanda suka siffanta ni."  Ta kira jarfa ta ta *Times*, wadda aka zana a bayanta, "ta na sirri ." Duk da haka, duk da cewa ta yi aiki a *Jaridar Wall Street* na tsawon shekaru 10, ta zaɓi kada a yi mata alama makamancin haka da wannan jaridar saboda "Ba ta cikin jinin iyalina ba." 

## Littattafan tarihi

* *Inda Suke Yanzu: Labarin Dokar Matan Harvard 1974.* New York: Doubleday, 1986. , OCLC 12314642
* Tare da Jane Mayer : *Adalci Mai Ban Mamaki: Sayar da Clarence Thomas.* New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1994. ISBN&nbsp;
* Tare da Bill Keller : *Obama: Tafiya Mai Tarihi* . Callaway-New York Times 2009,  .
* 
* *<nowiki/>'Yan Kasuwar Gaskiya: Kasuwancin Labarai da Yaƙin Neman Gaskiya .* New York: Simon &amp;amp; Schuster, 2019. ISBN&nbsp;

## Manazarta