Hukuncin kisa a Indiya

**[[Hukuncin Kisa|Hukuncin kisa]] a [[Indiya]]** shine mafi girman hukunci na shari'a don laifuka a karkashin babban dokar azabtarwa ta kasar, Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (tsohon Dokar Shari'ar Indiya), da sauran dokoki. Ana aiwatar da kisa ta hanyar ratayewa a matsayin hanya ta farko ta kisa. Hanyar kisa ta hanyar Sashe na 354 (5) na Dokar Shari'a, 1973 ita ce "Hanging da wuyan har zuwa mutuwa", kuma ana ba da hukuncin ne kawai a cikin 'mafi ƙarancin shari'o'i'.

A halin yanzu, akwai kusan fursunoni 539  a kan layin mutuwa a Indiya. Kashe-kashen da aka yi kwanan nan a Indiya ya faru ne a watan Maris na 2020, lokacin da aka kashe hudu daga cikin masu aikata fyade da kisan kai na Delhi na 2012 a gidan yarin Tihar a Delhi. 

## Tarihi
A cikin Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), mutuwa ta 1898 ita ce hukuncin kisa kuma ta buƙaci alƙalai da suka shafi su ba da dalilai a cikin hukuncin su idan suna so su ba da ɗaurin rai a maimakon haka. Ta hanyar gyare-gyare ga CrPC a cikin 1955, an cire abin da ake buƙata na rubuce-rubuce don kada a ɗora hukuncin kisa, yana nuna cewa babu wani zaɓi na majalisa tsakanin azabtarwa biyu. A shekara ta 1973, lokacin da aka ci gaba da gyaran CrPC, ɗaurin rai da rai ya zama al'ada kuma za a sanya hukuncin kisa ne kawai a lokuta na musamman, musamman idan wani mummunan laifi da aka aikata ya yi la'akari da mai aikata laifin da ya fi haɗari har ma a 'yi la'akari' da shi don sakin da aka saki cikin al'umma bayan shekaru 20 (kulle rai ba tare da izini ba ya wanzu a Indiya tunda yana da tsada sosai don ciyar da kuma ya ba da dalilai masu haɗari a saki masu laifi da aka yanke musu duka rayuwarsu, kuma kawar da yiwuwar rayuwa suna da su ta atomatik ga 'yanci' yanci' yankace su duka rayukansu masu laifi da ake buƙata' yanka' yankawa da su, da aka yanke wa' yanka shekaru 57, duk shekarun da suka cancanta da suka dace da suka dace don inganta halayyar rayuwa' yanka a cikin shekaru 57, Wannan gagarumin canji ya nuna sha'awar iyakance hukuncin kisa a Indiya. CrPC, 1973 kuma ta raba Shari'a aikata laifuka zuwa matakai biyu tare da sauraro daban-daban, ɗaya don yanke hukunci ɗayan kuma don yanke hukunci.

## Laifukan kisa

### Hukuncin kisa a cikin Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita

### Hukuncin kisa a cikin laifukan da ba na BNS ba

#### Rajendra Prasad v. Jihar Uttar Pradesh, Fabrairu 1979
Bayan sakewa na CrPC 1973, akwai rashin tabbas a cikin fahimtar shari'a game da ' dalilai na musamman' don fansa hukuncin kisa. Kotun Koli a cikin Rajendra Prasad v. Jihar Uttar Pradesh, Fabrairu 1979 ta yi ma'amala da manufofin shari'a kan yanke hukunci kuma ta tattauna ma'anar ' dalilai na musamman' don yanke hukuncin kisa a kan dalilai na musamman.  Kotun ta fice daga ka'idar ramawa kuma ta jaddada kan hanawa da ka'idar sake fasalin a matsayin burin zamantakewa. Bugu da ƙari, Kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa ' dalilai na musamman' da ake buƙata don sanya hukuncin kisa dole ne ba ya danganta da laifin, amma dole ne a mai da hankali ga mai laifi.

#### Batutuwan da suka shafi tsarin shari'ar aikata laifuka
Kariya ta Tsarin Mulki da shari'a kamar Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Indiya, Dokar Shari'a, Dokar Shaida tana kare mutum daga ikon da aka yi na jihar. Koyaya, duk da waɗannan haƙƙoƙin ba a tantance su ba kuma ana keta su akai-akai. Hanyoyin irin wannan keta doka sune azabtarwa ta kulawa, ƙirƙiri shaidu, cin zarafin Sashe na 27 na Dokar Shaida.

## Manazarta