open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Tufafin Yanayi

Diffus Design kamfani ne na ƙira da shawarwari wanda ke zaune a Copenhagen, Denmark.  Michel Guglielmi da Hanne-Louise Johannesen ne suka kafa shi a cikin 2004 a matsayin haɗin gwiwar ƙirƙira.  Ƙungiyar Diffus Design tana aiki tare da dabaru da dabaru masu amfani zuwa fasaha, ƙira, gine-gine, da sabbin kafofin watsa labarai..

Kamfanin yana ƙirƙirar sababbin samfurori tare da taimakon fasahar firikwensin da aka haɗa tare da kayan gargajiya da fasaha.  Yana mai da hankali kan ƙira kuma yana amfani da kayan masarufi masu hankali, fasahar sawa, mu'amala mai ma'ana, kayan haɗaɗɗiya, da shigarwar mu'amala.  Diffus Design yana cikin kusancin aiki tare da wasu kungiyoyi kamar Forster Rohner, Inntex, da Alexandra Instituttet  da Jami'ar Fasaha ta Delft).  

Diffus Design kuma yana gudanar da shawarwari da bincike a fannonin ƙirar mu'amala, kayan ado masu basira, da gine-gine, da ƙirar samfurori don abokan ciniki na duniya a cikin masana'antu da yawa daga samar da masana'antu zuwa kayan ado da tsara ababen more rayuwa.

## Ayyukan da aka zaɓa

### Halitta
Aikin CREATIF ya dogara ne akan amfani da yadudduka masu wayo.  Manufar aikin ita ce ƙira da haɓaka software da firintar masana'anta mai wayo wanda zai iya buga kayan lantarki mai ɗauke da tawada tare da damar mu'amala.  Ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi abokan haɗin gwiwa guda uku (Diffus Design, Base Structures, da Zaha Hadid Architect

### Haske. Ka taɓa shi. Al'amuran
Haske. Ka taɓa shi. Matters (LTM) hadin gwiwa ne tsakanin masu zanen kayayyaki, masana kimiyya na kayan aiki, da masana'antu. LTM tana shirin ƙirƙirar kayan aiki masu basira waɗanda zasu iya jin taɓawa da motsi, kuma su amsa da haske. Fasahar tushe don LTM. aikin shine filastik na piezo da OLEDs masu sassauƙa.

### Tufafin Yanayi
An tsara tufafin yanayi a cikin 2 tare da haɗin gwiwar kamfanin Swiss Forster-Rohner, Cibiyar Alexandra, da Makarantar Zane ta Danish. An haɗa shi da daruruwan LEDs waɗanda ke amsawa ga matakin carbon dioxide a cikin kewayen da ke kusa kuma ana ba da wutar lantarki ta hanyar zane-zane ta hanyar Arduino Lily pad microprocessor da mai gano carbon dioxide, wanda ke haifar da alamu waɗanda ke fitowa daga jinkirin bugun jini zuwa saurin walƙiya dangane da maida hankali ga CO2. Kayan Yanayi ba ya dogara da waya, walda, ko crimping, wanda sau da yawa yake tare da samfuran masana'antu masu wayo. Dukkanin abubuwa masu aiki an haɗa su cikin zane-zane kuma an fallasa su ga mai kallo.

### Taken hannu na hasken rana
An tsara jakar Solar Handbag a cikin 2011 tare da hadin gwiwar Cibiyar Alexandra da Cibiyar Innovation Software .  Yana da sel na hasken rana na silicon 100 waɗanda ke tattara hasken rana kuma ta haka ne ke samar da watts biyu na makamashi mai amfani wanda ya isa ya caji na'urar hannu. Har ila yau, jakar hannu tana da saiti na fiber na ciki wanda ke haskakawa don taimakawa mai amfani a cikin binciken su na abubuwa a cikin jakar hannu. An sa ƙwayoyin hasken rana a cikin kayan ado mai gudana a waje na jakar hannu, wanda ke watsa makamashi da aka girbe a cikin Batirin lithium-ion mai caji.

## Manazarta
Kungiyoyin adawa da 'yancin kai

Kungiyoyin adawa da haƙƙin mallaka ƙungiyoyi ne, ƙungiyoyi ko kamfen ɗin da ke aiki sosai game da amincewa, kariya, da ci gaban haƙƙin ɗan adam. Wadannan ƙungiyoyi na iya yin niyya ga haƙƙoƙi da ƙungiyoyi masu banƙyama. Sau da yawa suna amfani da bayanan da ba daidai ba, fargabar tsoro, da kuma lobbying don lalata kariya ta shari'a da karɓar jama'a ga kungiyoyin da aka yi niyya.   ODI ta bayyana ƙungiyoyin adawa da haƙƙin mallaka a matsayin "haɗin gwiwar 'yan wasan kwaikwayo [wanda] ya yi nasara wajen dakatar da ci gaba da lalata haƙƙoƙi da' yanci, " kuma waɗannan "suna da kyau kuma suna da kuɗi sosai idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyoyin haƙƙin ci gaba. "

Mata na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun bayyana ƙungiyoyin adawa da jinsi, masu sukar jinsi da na haƙƙin maza a matsayin misalai na ƙungiyoyin adawar haƙƙin kai a cikin shekarar 2024.  Sauran ƙungiyoyi da aka bayyana a matsayin masu adawa da haƙƙoƙi sun haɗa da ƙungiyoyin adawa da shige da fice da kuma adawa da daidaito na launin fata.Dukkanin kide-kide an sake su a kan CD, iTunes da DVD (a matsayin akwatin da aka saita ko mutum ɗaya) a cikin shekara ta 2013 ta SHOUT! Masana'antu.

## Manazarta
Hakkin no Yoake

Hakkin no Yoake shi ne kundi na huɗu na ƙungiyar 'yan mata ta Japan Momoiro Clover Z, wanda aka saki a Japan a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu, 2016.

An sake shi a wannan rana tare da albam na rukuni na uku, Amaranthus.  A cewar Oricon, Hakkin no Yoake ya sayar da raka'a 81,254 a cikin makon farko sannan Amaranthus ya sayar da 80,783.  Hakkin no Yoake ya fito a lamba 1 a cikin ginshiƙi na albums na mako-mako na Oricon da Amaranthus a lamba 2.

## Jerin waƙoƙi
  

## Shafuka

## Haɗin waje

* Shafin na musamman don kundin Momoiro Clover Z na 2016 (na hukuma) 
* Natalie.mu/music/pp/momoclo11" id="mwZQ" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Tattaunawa da Momoiro Clover Z a kan Natalie
* Tattaunawa tare da mai gabatar da kundin a shafin yanar gizon Billboard Japan
Hakkin nikubuton

Littafin da aka haramta: Flesh Futon (発禁　肉蒲団, Hakkin nikubuton) is a ￼￼1975￼  jerin shirye-shirye, Nobuaki Shiri ne suka jagoranta kuma tare da Hajime Tanimoto da Terumi Azuma.

Fim ɗin ya dogara ne akan wani labari na batsa na ƙasar Sin na ƙarni na 17 na Li Yu wanda aka fi sani da The Carnal Prayer Mat.

## Bayani game da shi
Mio, marubuci mai gwagwarmaya, marubuta ne na littafin batsa mai suna Flesh Futon, wanda ba zato ba tsammani ya zama mafi kyawun sayarwa. Tare da sabon arziƙi, Mio ya nutse cikin rayuwar dare, yana tabbatar da ayyukansa ga matarsa a matsayin bincike. Koyaya, sunan Mio ya zama mai banƙyama lokacin da karuwa ta bayyana azzakarsa kamar yadda take kama da "guppy". Misfortune ya ci gaba da addabarsa; an dakatar da littafinsa, kuma matarsa ta ƙarfafa ikonta. A tsakiyar masifarsa, an sace gidan Mio. Abin mamaki, ɓarawo ba wani ba ne face jarumin mutanen Japan Nezumi Kozō. Su biyu sun kirkiro abota da ba za a iya tsammani ba, kuma Kozō ya gabatar da Mio ga likita wanda zai iya yin aikin tiyata na faɗaɗa azzakari. Tare da kayan aikinsa masu inganci, Kozō da Mio sun zama na yau da kullun a cikin gundumar jan haske, har sai ainihin Nezumi Kozō ya bayyana, yana kawo dawowar masifa ga Mio.

## Masu ba da labari

* Hajime Tanimoto: Na Kingyotei 
* Maya Hiromi: Shungiku
* Rei Okamoto: O-ine
* Terumi Azuma: Nui
* Akemi Nijō: Tama Kishibe
* Tamaki Katsura: Kō Iwanabe
* Asuka Seri: Kayo
* Hiromi Igarashi: Bikuni
* Nobutaka Masutoko: Jirokichi Nezumi Kozō

## Bincike mai mahimmanci
A cikin littafin su na Cinema Encyclopedia: Fim din Jima'i, Weissers sun rubuta cewa rubutun Atsumi Yamatoya na *Littafin da aka haramta: Flesh Futon* yana canzawa tsakanin ba'a da jima'i da slapstick, kuma "ba shi da iko" a lokacin da Mio ya sadu da Nezumi Kozō na farko. A lokacin da ainihin Kozō ya bayyana, labarin ya wuce gaba ɗaya. Allmovie ya yarda cewa ba'a da yawa, amma ya nuna cewa wannan wasan kwaikwayo aƙalla ya tabbatar da cewa Nikkatsu yana samar da fiye da S & M da fina-finai na lalata a cikin shekarun 1970.

## Samun sa
Littafin da aka haramta: An saki Flesh Futon a wasan kwaikwayo a Japan a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba, 1975.  An sake shi a bidiyon gida a cikin tsarin VHS a Japan a ranar 16 ga Agusta, 1983, kuma an sake shi a ranar 4 ga Agusta. 

## Bayanan littattafai

### Turanci

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### Jafananci

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Red Tadrart

Tadrart Rouge (ma'ana "Red Mountain") ko **Kudancin Tadrart** ko Algerian Tadrart wani tsaunuka ne a kudu maso gabashin Aljeriya, wani ɓangare na hamadar Aljeriya . Yankin yana da wadataccen fasahar dutse.

## Yanayin ƙasa
Tadrart Rouge kusan kilomita 15-30 ne mai girma da kuma tsawon kilomita 150 na kudancin Tadrart Acacus na Libya zuwa Aljeriya wanda ya kai iyakar Nijar. Da farko an hada shi da sandstone, yana haɗa Tassili n'Ajjer a arewa maso yamma zuwa Djado a kudu maso gabas. Yankin ya lalace ta hanyar jerin hanyoyin sadarwar burbushin burbushin halittu na yammacin gabas wanda ke haifar da zurfin gorges. *A cikin Djaren*, fitarwa cikin erg na *Tin Merzuga*, shine mafi mahimmanci. Yankin ya kai matsakaicin tsawo na  m (4,400  zuwa kudancinsa game da kilomita 160 kudu maso gabashin Djanet.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Rushewar ƙasa ta samar da adadi mai yawa na arches na halitta. Yankin sananne ne ga filayen yashi masu launin ja-orange masu ban sha'awa da suka bambanta da dutsen ja mai duhu na kewayon.
Fayil:TadrartRouge1.jpg|Eastern slopes with its characteristic sand dunes
Fayil:TadrartRouge2.jpg|Moul n'Aga
Fayil:TadrartRouge3.jpg|Natural windows in the rock formation of La Cathedrale


## Yanayin Yanayi na zamanin d ̄a
Tadrart Rouge a yau yana da tsananin gaske kuma ya bushe ba tare da kusan hazo ba. Amma a Lokacin zafi na Afirka yankin yana da ruwan sama kuma an rufe shi da ciyayi na Savanna don haka ya dace da rayuwar mutum da dabba.

## Hotunan dutse
Tadrart Rouge yana da kyawawan fasahar dutse na Sahara wanda ke rufe dogon lokaci daga farkon Neolithic zuwa kwanan nan. Ganuwar dutse da mafaka na dutse a kan kasan wadi suna cike da zane-zanen dutse da zane-zane na dutse, suna rubuta canjin yanayi yayin da yankin ya samo asali daga savanna shekaru 10,000 da suka gabata zuwa hamada shekaru 5,000 da suka gabata. Hoton dutse ya canza a cikin lokaci daga namun daji kamar giwaye, rhinos, giraffes, antelopes, da bovids na daji, zuwa dabbobi na gida kamar bovids, ovicaprids, dawakai, da raƙuma.
Fayil:TadrartRouge4.jpg|Giraffe with a squared pattern in red patches
Fayil:TadrartRouge5.jpg|A herd of elephants
Fayil:TadrartRouge6.jpg|Hunter with giraffes; tifinagh and Arabic inscriptions
Fayil:TadrartRouge7.jpg|Men with sticks
Fayil:TadrartRouge8.jpg|Cattle with woman
Fayil:TadrartRouge9.jpg|Wild fauna
Fayil:TadrartRouge10.jpg|Cattle and pastoral scenes
Fayil:TadrartRouge11.jpg|Animal footprints
Fayil:TadrartRouge12.jpg|Cattle


## Manazarta
Yanayi.bm

Sabis ɗin Yanayi na Bermuda sabis ne na yanayin yanayi na ƙasar Bermuda.  Yana ba da jama'a, na ruwa, na wurare masu zafi da hasashen yanayi na jirgin sama da kuma gargaɗi da sabis na climatolological.  Sabis ɗin ya fara aiki a ƙarƙashin kwangila daga Sashen Ayyuka na Filin Jirgin Sama, Ma'aikatar Sufuri da Yawon shakatawa, a cikin 1995. Kafin wannan, wani sansanin sojojin ruwan Amurka da ke tsibirin ya ba da sabis na yanayin yanayi na tsibirin.

## Haɗin waje

* Shafin yanar gizon hukuma

## Manazarta
Olamide Oni

**Olamide Oni** ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne. Ya yi aiki a matsayin memba mai wakiltar Mazaɓar Ljero/ Ekiti West/ Efon na Tarayya a Majalisar Wakilai. An haife shi a shekarar 1959, ya fito ne daga Jihar Ekiti. An zabe shi a cikin Majalisar Dokoki a zaɓen 2015 a ƙarƙashin Jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party (PDP). 

## Manazarta
Omar Tata

**Omar Tata** ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne. Ya yi aiki a matsayin memba wanda ke wakiltar mazabɓar Tarayya ta Zaki a Majalisar Wakilai. An haife shi a shekarar 1963, ya fito ne daga Jihar Bauchi. An fara zaɓarsa a  Majalisa a zaɓen 2003. An sake zaɓarsa a 2007, a kuma 2015 da 2019 domin wa'adi na huɗu a karkashin All Progressives Congress (APC).

## Manazarta
Wawa Gatheru

**Wanjiku "Wawa" Gatheru** ɗan gwagwarmayar shari'ar yanayi ne na Amurka. Ita ce kuma ta lashe Kyautar Rhodes Scholarship . 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Gatheru ga baƙi na Kenya kuma ta girma a yankunan karkara na Pomfret, Connecticut,   Ta zama mai sha'awar fafutukar yanayi tana da shekaru 15 kuma ta ɗauki darussan kimiyyar muhalli. 

Gatheru ya halarci Jami'ar Connecticut . Ta sami tallafin karatu na Harry S. Truman, Rhodes, da Morris K. Udall da Stewart L. Udall a shekarar 2019.  Ta kammala digiri na biyu a shekarar 2020 tare da BA a cikin Nazarin muhalli da kuma karami a cikin Urban da Community Studies. Ta sami digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar Oxford a cikin yanayi, al'umma da kuma kula da muhalli.

## Yunkurin fafutuka
Gatheru ta nemi bayar da shawara ga matan baƙar fata da mutanen da ba na binary ba ta hanyar rubuce-rubuce da magana a fili..

A cikin 2022, ta dauki bakuncin taron koli na mata masu baƙar fata, wanda aka nuna a cikin *Vogue na Burtaniya*.  Ta kasance shugabar kwamitin a Kungiyar Kafofin Watsa Labarai ta muhalli 

## Nasarorin da aka samu
Gatheru an san ta a matsayin Matashi Futurist ta The Root a cikin 2020, Grist 50 FIXER, da Glamour College Woman of the Year .  A cikin 2021, ita ce Victoria's Secret PINK Purpose Project Winner. 

A watan Janairun 2023, ta bayyana a bangon *Vogue* tare da Billie Eilish .  An kuma ba ni suna Climate Creator to Watch by Pique Action da Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health,  ya zama memba na farko na Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Matasa ta Muhalli a Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka,  kuma ya lashe kyautar Trailblazer a taron shekara-shekara na Verdical Group. 

A cikin 2024, an ambaci sunan Gatheru a cikin Forbes 30 Under 30 List a ƙarƙashin Tasirin Jama'a.

## Manazarta
La Push, Washington

**La Push** ƙaramar al'umma ce da ba ta da haɗin kai wacce ke bakin kogin Quillayte a yankin Yammacin Yammacin Turai. Ita ce babban birni kuma babban cibiyar yawan jama'a na Quileute Indian Reservation, wanda gida ne ga ƙabilar Quileute ta tarayya da aka amince da ita. La Push sananne ne don kallon whale da yanayin yanayi. Al'ummar a tarihi sun kasance a bakin teku; duk da haka, hawan teku ya sa al'umma su fara gudanar da ja da baya zuwa manyan filaye a cikin 2017.

## Tarihi

### Magana
Sunan La Push ya fito ne daga kalmar Faransanci, La Bouche, ma'ana "Manuwa" na Kogin Quillayute, wanda aka daidaita zuwa Chinook Jargon . 

### Tarihin kabilar Quileute

La Push, mai nisan kilomita 14 daga Forks, gida ne ga Ƙabilar Quileute. 'Yan kabilar al'ada sun gina jiragen ruwa na al'ul don amfani iri-iri; sun kasance da girman daga mutum biyu zuwa jiragen ruwa masu jigilar kaya masu iya ɗaukar tan uku. Quileute ya kasance na biyu ne kawai ga Makah a matsayin masu kifi kuma na farko a cikin dukkan kabilun a matsayin masu farautar seal. Sun haifi karnuka masu gashi na musamman kuma sun yi gyare-gyare kuma sun yi gashin kansu a cikin bargo masu dumi. A cewar labarun gargajiya, dangin Quileutes kawai, Chimakum, sun rabu da su ta hanyar ambaliyar ruwa da ta kwashe su zuwa Yankin Quimper a wancan gefen yankin Olympic na Arewa. A can ne Cif Seattle da kabilar Suquamish suka kai musu hari kuma suka hallaka su a cikin shekarun 1860.

Yarjejeniyarsu ta farko da Amurka ta faru ne a shekara ta 1855, lokacin da Quileutes suka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya tare da wakilan gwamnan Yankin Washington, Isaac Stevens . Yarjejeniya bayan shekara guda za ta tura su zuwa wani ajiya a Taholah, amma yankin Quileute yana da nisa sosai har ba a tilasta shi ba. A watan Fabrairun 1889, wani umarni na zartarwa daga Shugaba Grover Cleveland ya kafa ajiyar murabba'in kilomita daya a La Push . A lokacin garin yana da mazauna 252. Daga baya a cikin 1889, masu ƙone wuta sun lalata La Push yayin da mazauna ƙauyen ke karɓar hops a Puyallup . 

### Mutanen da ke motsawa
An fara aiki a cikin 2017 don sake komawa ƙauyen zuwa ƙasa mafi girma. Shirin shine don rage lalacewar tsunami da ambaliyar ruwa wanda zai iya haifar da matakin teku mafi girma wanda Canjin yanayi ya haifar. Shirin ya buƙaci gyare-gyare na iyakokin filin shakatawa na Olympics. Ginin farko da aka motsa shi ne makarantar K-12.

## Yanayin ƙasa
Yankin rairayin bakin teku guda biyu suna kusa da La Push, Rialto Beach zuwa arewacin bakin kogi da La Pish Beach zuwa kudu.

Birnin da ya fi kusa da La Push shine Forks, Washington.

La Push tana da Lambar ZIP mafi yamma a cikin Amurka mai kusa, 98350.

### Yanayi
La Push tana da yanayin zafi sosai. Yanayin yanayi yana da matsakaici kuma yana da tasiri sosai daga Tekun Pacific, wanda ke ba da hunturu mai sauƙi don latitude na arewa. Da yake a yammacin Dutsen Olympic, La Push da iyakar da ke kewaye da shi suna shan ruwan sama mai yawa da ya sauka a gaban dutsen. Watan da ya fi zafi shine Agusta kuma watan da ya fi sanyi shine Disamba.
Usman Mani Nasarawa

**Usman Mani Nasarawa** ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne daga Jihar Katsina. Ya wakilci mazaɓar Kankia/Ingawa/Kusada na Tarayya a Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa. An zaɓe shi a Majalisar Wakilai a matsayin memba na Jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) kuma ya yi aiki daga shekarar dubu biyu da uku 2003 zuwa shekarar dubu da bakwai 2007.  

## Manazarta
Mukhtar Zakari Chawai

**Mukhtar Zakari Chawai** ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne. Ya yi aiki a matsayin memba wanda ke wakiltar Majalisa ta Tarayya na Mazaɓar Kauru a Majalisar Wakilai. An haife shi a shekarar 1978, ya fito ne daga Jihar Kaduna kuma yana da digiri na biyu. An zaɓe shi a Majalisa a shekarar 2019 a ƙarƙashin All Progressives Congress (APC).  Ya horar da mutane saba'in daga cikin masu jefa masa kuri'a a aikin noma, yana karfafa su da kayan aiki da kyautar kuɗi.

## Manazarta
Bayanan filin daga Bala'i

Field Note daga Catastrophe: Mutum, Halitta, da Kuma canjin yanayin, littafi ne na kimiyyar muhalli wanda ba fiction ba ne wanda Elizabeth Kolbert ta buga wanda Bloomsbury Publishing ta buga a shekara ta 2006. Littafin ya rubuta jerin abubuwan lura na kimiyya da hanyoyin siyasa, yana mai da hankali ga abubuwan da ke haifar da sauyin yanayi na duniya. A cikin wannan littafin, Kolbert yana iya yin ci gaban kimiyya ga masu sauraro da yawa.

## Bayani game da shi
Kolbert yana tafiya a duniya inda canjin yanayi ke shafar muhalli a hanyoyi masu mahimmanci. Wadannan wurare sun hada da Alaska, Greenland, Netherlands, da Iceland. Sakamakon muhalli da ke bayyane ya kunshi hauhawar matakan teku, narkewar permafrost, raguwar kankara, canje-canje a cikin tsarin ƙaura, da kuma ƙara lalata gobarar daji saboda asarar hazo. Ta kuma yi magana da manyan masana kimiyya da yawa game da binciken su da binciken su. Kolbert ya jawo hankali ga yunkurin manyan kamfanoni kamar ExxonMobil da General Motors don rinjayar 'yan siyasa da masana kimiyya. Ta kuma rubuta game da jinkirin Amurka a kokarin duniya na rage hayakin carbon. Ta bayyana cewa Gwamnatin Bush ce ke jagorantar wannan juriya, wacce ke adawa da Yarjejeniyar Kyoto tun lokacin da aka tabbatar da ita a shekarar 2005. Kolbert ya kammala littafin ta hanyar nazarin abubuwan da suka faru game da abubuwan da suka shafi Guguwar Katrina a shekara ta 2005 da kuma jayayya cewa gwamnatoci suna da ilimi da fasaha don shirya irin waɗannan bala'o'i amma sun zaɓi yin watsi da alamun har sai sun makara.

## Manazarta
Hukuncin kisa a Somalia

**Hukuncin kisa** hukunci ne na Shari'a a Somaliya, wata al'umma a Gabashin Afirka. Ana aiwatar da hukuncin kisa da doka ta ba da izini a Somaliya ta hanyar harbi, daidai da Dokar Shari'ar Somaliya ta 1962 da Dokar Shari-ar Soja. An amince da shari'a da kotunan Musulunci a Somaliya daidai da dokar farar hula: waɗannan za su sami ikon ba da umarnin kisa ta wasu hanyoyi, kamar yankewa da duwatsu. Tun aƙalla farkon ƙarni na 21, duk hukuncin kisa ta irin waɗannan hanyoyin an yi amfani da su na ɗan lokaci, ba tare da izinin hukuma ba, ta hanyar 'yan bindiga marasa fafutuka, a cikin mahallin gwamnati mara daidaituwa, da kuma yakin basasa da ke gudana a kasar. Yawancin waɗannan kisan gillar da ba na shari'a ba sun keta ka'idodin shari'a kuma sun bayyana suna da manufa mai alaƙa da rikici na haifar da tsoro tsakanin fararen hula. Dukkanin hukuma da kuma kashe-kashen da ba na shari'a ba ta hanyar harbi sau da yawa suna faruwa a fili.

## Abubuwan da suka faru
A cikin 2011 an kashe sojoji uku saboda kisan kai da Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Musamman (TFG). TFG ta kashe mutane biyar a shekarar 2012, tare da wani mutum da hukumomin Puntland suka kashe. A karkashin magajin Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Somalia, an kashe wani soja a fili ta hanyar harbi a cikin 2013, daya daga cikin 34 da aka kashe a wannan shekarar. Kotun soja ta same shi da laifin harbi na wani dalibi. A yayin da ake gudanar da manyan hukuncin kisa, kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta NGO ta lura a shekarar 2014 cewa ba wai kawai an kashe-kashen da aka yi ba, amma kotunan soja suna gwada batutuwa a waje da ikonsu ba. Adadin hukuncin kisa ya sake tashi a cikin 2015, tare da akalla 28 da aka aiwatar.

Akalla an aiwatar da kisan gilla goma sha huɗu a cikin 2016,  kuma adadin kisan gishiri ya tashi zuwa 24 a cikin 2017, wanda kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam galibi suka danganta ga Kotunan soja da ƙungiyar jihadi mai tayar da kayar baya al-Shabaab. Kungiyar Tarayyar Turai ta nemi Somaliya ta kafa dakatarwar hukuncin kisa a sakamakon haka.

Kimanin adadin kisan gillar da ya faru a Somaliya, gami da a cikin Puntland mai cin gashin kansa da kuma Jamhuriyar Somaliya mai zaman kanta a cikin shekarun 2018-2021 Cibiyar Cornell ce ta ruwaito. Lambobin da aka nuna a ƙasa sune mafi ƙarancin sanannun kisa, saboda akwai rashin tabbas game da ko duk hukuncin kisa an rubuta ko bayyana: 

* 2018 - Akalla an kammala hukuncin kisa goma sha uku; sojoji sun gudanar da wasu daga cikin wadannan a fili.
* 2019 - Goma sha uku, daga cikinsu biyar sun faru a Puntland.
* 2020 - An ruwaito kashe-kashen mutum ashirin. Gwamnatin Somaliya ta gudanar da biyar. Yankin Puntland mai cin gashin kansa ya kashe uku; a yankin Somaliland mai zaman kansa wanda ba a san shi ba, an kashe goma sha biyu.
* 2021 - Jimillar kisa 22, ashirin da daya a Puntland da daya a Jubaland.

A cikin 2022, adadin kisa ya ragu sosai zuwa shida, faduwar kashi 76 cikin dari idan aka kwatanta da 2021. Adadin hukuncin kisa da aka yanke wa wadanda ake tuhuma a cikin shekara ya kai kusan goma, daga akalla irin waɗannan hukunce-hukuncen 27 a cikin 2021.

## Manazarta
Hoda Ali

**Hoda Ali** ma'aikaciyar jinya ce kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam wanda ke kare hakkin 'yan mata ta hanyar aiki da kamfen don kawo karshen yankan mata a Ingila.

Tana aiki a matsayin Manajan Ayyukan Kasuwanci na Al'umma don Tsaro a Makarantar Firamare ta Perivale, ɗaya daga cikin makarantun farko da suka kafa shirin fadakarwa kan Yankewar Mata (FGM), aikin da aka yi wa 'yan mata har zuwa shekaru. Ali ya yi imanin cewa ilimi yana da matukar muhimmanci don hana kaciya.

## Rayuwa da aiki
Ali ta yi wa kaciya a Somaliya yana da shekaru 7.  Matsalolin da ta jimre tun daga wannan lokacin sun hada da asibiti mai tsanani, rashin iya haihuwa da kuma farkon hawan jini. Yanzu tana kamfen don yaki da yankan mata ciki har da wanda ƙwararrun likitoci suka yi.

A cikin 2014 Ali ya kafa Vavengers, ƙungiyar wayar da kan jama'a ta FGM. Taron su na farko ya ba da kuɗin 'Yana faruwa a nan', kamfen ɗin allon talla a Islington da Ealing. Wannan kamfen ɗin ya lashe lambar yabo ta CLIO don Mai Talla na Shekara a cikin 2015, kuma an tura Ali zuwa New York don karɓar kyautar a madadin kamfanin talla na Ogilvy Mather .

A watan Maris na shekara ta 2018 an zabi ta a matsayin mai kare hakkin dan adam na Amnesty International, kuma ta bayyana a kan Taswirar Ruhun Suffragette . 

Ita ce amintacciyar 28TooMany, ƙungiyar agaji da aka kafa "don gudanar da bincike da samar da ilimi da kayan aiki ga waɗanda ke aiki don kawo ƙarshen kaciya a ƙasashen Afirka inda ake yin hakan da kuma a duk faɗin duniya".

## Bayyanar kafofin watsa labarai
A cikin 2013 Ali ya bayyana a cikin 'The Cruel Cut', wani shirin da aka zaba na Channel 4 game da yankan mata da aka gabatar da shi ta hanyar likitan kwakwalwa da mai fafutuka Leyla Hussein . 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Binciken Carcinogenesis na muhalli

The Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Sashe naEalth, Sashe na C: Muhalli Carcinogenesis da Nazarin Ecotoxicology mujallar kimiyya ce da takwarorinsu suka yi bita na shekara-shekara wanda ke rufe lafiyar muhalli kamar yadda ya shafi carcinogenesis da toxicology.  An kafa shi a cikin 1976 kuma Taylor & Francis ne suka buga shi.  Babban editan shine Peter P. Fu (Cibiyar Nazarin Magunguna ta Kasa).  Dangane da Rahoton Cigaban Jarida, mujallar tana da tasirin tasirin 2015 na 3.667  

## Manazarta
Yankin kariya

Wuraren kiyayewa wurare ne waɗanda ke samun kariya saboda sanannun dabi'un halitta ko al'adu. Wuraren da aka ba da kariya sune wuraren da kasancewar ɗan adam ko kuma amfani da albarkatun ƙasa (misali itacen wuta, kayan dajin da ba na katako ba, ruwa, ...) ke da iyaka.

Kalmar "yanki mai kariya" kuma ya haɗa da wuraren kariya na ruwa da yankunan da ke kan iyaka a kan iyakoki da yawa. Tun daga 2016, akwai wuraren kariya sama da 161,000 waɗanda ke wakiltar kusan kashi 17 na sararin duniya (ban da Antarctica).

Domin ruwan da ke ƙarƙashin ikon ƙasa fiye da ruwa na cikin gida, akwai Yankunan Kare Ruwa 14,688 (MPAs), wanda ya ƙunshi kusan 10.2% na yankunan bakin teku da na ruwa da 4.12% na yankunan tekun duniya. Sabanin haka, kawai 0.25% na tekunan duniya da suka wuce ikon ƙasa suna rufewa da MPAs.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, shirin na 30 ta 30 ya yi niyya don kare 30% na yankin teku da kashi 30% na ƙasar duniya nan da 2030; Kungiyar Tarayyar Turai ta amince da wannan a cikin Dabarun Dabarun Halittu na 2030, Gangamin Tsarin Halittu wanda ya inganta manufar yayin taron COP15 na Convention on Biodiversity na COP15 da G7. A cikin Disamba 2022, Kasashe sun cimma yarjejeniya tare da Kunming-Montreal Global Diversity Framework a COP15,  wanda ya haɗa da shirin 30 ta 30.

Ana aiwatar da wuraren da aka karewa don kiyaye nau'ikan halittu, galibi suna ba da matsuguni da kariya daga farautar nau'ikan da ke cikin haɗari da haɗari. Kariya na taimakawa wajen kula da tsarin muhalli waɗanda ba za su iya rayuwa ba a mafi yawan wuraren da ake sarrafa su da yanayin teku. Jama'ar 'yan asalin ƙasar da al'ummomin yankin akai-akai suna sukar wannan hanyar kiyaye sansanonin saboda yawancin tashe-tashen hankula waɗanda ake aiwatar da ka'idojin yankunan.

## Ma'anarsa
Ma'anar da aka yarda da ita a cikin tsarin yanki da na duniya an ba da ita ta Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Kare Halitta (IUCN) a cikin ƙa'idodin rarrabawa don yankunan da aka karewa. Ma’anar ita ce kamar haka:

Wurin da aka keɓance a sarari, wanda aka sani, sadaukarwa da sarrafa, ta hanyar doka ko wasu ingantattun hanyoyi, don cimma dogon lokacin kiyaye yanayi tare da haɗin gwiwar sabis na yanayin muhalli da ƙimar al'adu.

## Wurare masu kariya da Sauyin yanayi
Babban labarin: Canjin yanayi

Canji a matsakaicin zafin jiki

Wurare masu kariya suna rage tasirin sauyin yanayi ta hanyoyi da dama:

Haramcin ayyukan lalata da suka hada da: kamun kifi, farauta, raya kasa, noma, hakar ma'adinai, saren daji, da kuma wani lokacin shiga

Ragewa a cikin: canje-canje a cikin rarraba jinsuna, tsananin hadari, da tasirin hawan teku.

Canjin yanayi yana barazana ga raƙuman murjani

Yana yaƙi da acidification na teku ta hanyar: kiyaye masu samar da farko na bakin teku, haɓaka haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta na teleost (osmosregulation buffers pH), da haɓaka haɓakar carbon na halitta ta hanyar famfon nazarin halittu

Ƙaruwa: yawan jama'a, jinsunan jinsuna, bambancin kwayoyin halitta, da yuwuwar daidaitawa, rage haɗarin bacewa

## Manazarta
Tsibirin Money, New Jersey

**Tsibirin Money** yanki ne da ba a haɗa shi ba kuma wurin da aka tsara ƙidayar (CDP)  wanda shine mafi ƙanƙanta kuma mafi nisa daga cikin al'ummomin karkara biyar waɗanda suka haɗa garin Downe a cikin gundumar Cumberland a cikin jihar New Jersey ta Amurka. Hanyar da ta haifar da ci gaban tsibirin Money an gina shi a ƙarshen 1930s. A cikin 1940s, an gina gidajen farko a cikin al'umma. Al'ummar tana bakin tekun Delaware Bay a gefen kudu na Nantuxent Creek. Ana iya bayyana wurinsa a matsayin kusurwar kudu maso yamma na New Jersey.

Tsibirin Money al'umma ce mai karamin karfi wacce ta lalace ta hanyar hauhawar matakin teku da Guguwar Sandy .   Ra'ayoyin cikin gida sun rabu game da shiga cikin shirin sayen Blue Acres, wani ɓangare na tsarin Gudanar da koma baya na Ma'aikatar Kare Muhalli ta New Jersey.  

Tsibirin Money ya kasance tashar jiragen ruwa ta biyu mafi muhimmanci a kudancin New Jersey. Money Island Marina da fiye da masu girbi na teku ko kasuwancin kiwon kifi sun kasance, tare da kimanta tallace-tallace na shekara-shekara na kimanin dala miliyan 20. Kayayyakin sun hada da oysters, blue claw crabs, soft-shell crabs, menhaden, conch, eels da horseshoe crabs (don binciken likita). An dakatar da girbi na crab na Horseshoe bayan 2016.

Ya zuwa watan Yunin 2016, yawan mazauna cikakken lokaci sun sauka ƙasa da 20, kuma ƙasa da 10 daga cikin gidaje 40+ na asali sun shagaltar da su. Haɗin gwiwar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu - gami da The Nature Conservancy, BaySave, New Jersey Nonprofit Corporation, da Partnership for the Delaware Estuary, da Jami'ar Rutgers - suna shiga cikin ayyukan bincike na daidaita bakin teku, suna ƙoƙarin dakatar da tasirin lalacewa na ruwa mai tasowa.

Beacon Publishing Group ta fitar da littafin The Drowning of Money Island a watan Nuwamba 2019 ta marubucin Andrew S. Lewis. Littafin ya nuna labarin Tony Novak a kokarinsa na neman dorewa ga al'umma. Tun da yawancin kwafin labarin na asali an gyara shi yayin gyarawa, Novak ya ba da shawarar wani bugawa mai suna "Bayan Nishawa" wanda ke cikin farkon samarwa yanzu.

Ƙananan al'ummar tsibirin Money sun sha wahala sosai a lokacin shekarun COVID na 2020 da 2021 ciki har da mutuwar manyan mambobi biyar da nakasa na dogon lokaci na wasu. Fashi da lalacewar guguwa sun bar ababen more rayuwa cikin mummunan yanayi. An amince da ƙananan kasuwancin kamun kifi da ke aiki a tsibirin Money, amma ba su sami, kudaden dawo da COVID ba. Tony Novak CPA ya sake komawa ofishinsa zuwa Money Island kuma ya sake sanya sunan ayyukan da aka haɗu a ƙarƙashin sunan kasuwanci Nantuxent Group a ƙoƙarin taimakawa tare da farfadowa. Marina, shagon tarko, jiragen ruwa, hayar jirgin ruwa da kasuwancin crab sun kasance a rufe ga jama'a a ƙarshen kakar 2022. Ya zuwa Nuwamba 2022, Tsibirin Money yana da ƙasa da mazauna cikakken lokaci 5 na shekara-shekara.

## Yawan jama'a

Tsibirin Money ya fara bayyana a matsayin wurin da aka tsara a cikin Ƙididdigar Amurka ta 2020. 

Ya zuwa 2020, yawan jama'a ya kai 22.

## Manazarta
Wasiƙun Binciken Muhalli

***Wasiƙun Binciken Muhalli*** wata mujallar kimiyya ce ta neman, wacce ake nazari da ita, mai budewa, rufe bincike a kan dukkan bangarorin kimiyyar muhalli.  IOP Publishing ne ya buga shi.  Babban editan ita ce Radhika Khosla (Jami'ar Oxford, UK).

An cire mujallar kuma an jera ta a cikin:

* Abstracts na sinadarai
* Ƙaddamarwa
* Scopus
* Tsarin Bayanai na Astrophysics
* Abstracts na CAB
* Kimiyya ta muhalli da Gudanar da Ruwan Ruwan Ruwa
* Tushen kaya
* GeoRef
* Tsarin Bayanai na Nukiliya na Duniya
Jerry Taylor

**Jerome Cogburn Taylor** (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1963) ɗan gwagwarmayar muhalli ne na Amurka, mai nazarin manufofi, kuma mai tsara wasan. Taylor ta kafa Cibiyar Niskanen, wani tanki mai tunani na Washington, DC wanda, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, ke ba da shawara ga muhalli na kasuwa da kuma karɓar tsarin harajin carbon don yaki da dumamar duniya. 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Taylor ya halarci Jami'ar Iowa a matsayin babban masanin kimiyyar siyasa. A matsayin ɗalibi, Taylor ya zama editan Hawkeye Review, jaridar ɗalibi mai ra'ayin mazan jiya wanda ya zama madadin Daily Iowan, kuma ya kafa "Dalibai don 'Yancin 'Yancin Amurkawa na gargajiya", ƙungiyar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya.

## Ayyuka
Kafin kafa Cibiyar Niskanen a cikin 2014, Taylor ya kasance babban jami'i a Cibiyar Cato, inda a baya ya goyi bayan matsayi mai shakka game da batutuwan muhalli. Shari'ar Taylor sanannen misali ne na tsohon mai musanta Canjin yanayi wanda ya zo ya rungumi manufofi don magance canjin yanayi bayan bincike kan Yarjejeniyar kimiyya a bayan dumamar duniya da mutum ya yi. A cikin shekarun 1990s da 2000s Taylor ya yi fitowar kafofin watsa labarai na yau da kullun a matsayin mai musun dumama duniya, gami da Penn da Teller's show Bullshit da kuma wani bugu na musamman na John Stossel show sadaukar da kai farmaki ga kimiyyar yanayi. Bayan Joe Romm ya kalubalanci shi ga tushen tabbatar da gaskiya, Taylor ya canza imanin da ya yi a baya saboda "shaidar kimiyya ta zama mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi a tsawon lokaci".  

A ranar 6 ga Satumba, 2021, Taylor ta yi murabus daga Cibiyar Niskanen. Cibiyar ta sanya shi a hutun gudanarwa 'yan kwanaki da suka gabata bayan hukumar ta san cewa ana tuhumar shi da cin zarafin gida a kan matarsa. Daga baya aka yi watsi da waɗannan zarge-zargen a kotu.

Har ila yau, mai tsara wasan kwamitin ne wanda ya saki wasannin yaƙi guda uku, Hammer of the Scots, *Crusader Rex*, da Richard III.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Ɗan'uwan Taylor, James Taylor, shi ne shugaban a Cibiyar Heartland wacce ke adawa da magance canjin yanayi.

## Manazarta
Kamal Qadir

Dokta **Kamal Sayid Qadir** (wanda aka fi sani da **Kamal Berzenji**; an haife shi a shekara ta 1958 a Arbil, Iraki) ɗan gwagwarmayar kare hakkin dan adam ne na Kurdawa tare da zama ɗan ƙasar Austrian. Ya yi hijira zuwa Austria a 1978 kuma ya yi karatun shari'a a Makarantar Shari'a ta Vienna . Ya koyar a Jami'ar Suleimani (1998-99) da kuma Jami'ar Salahaddin a Arbil (1999-2000) a Iraki. An kama shi a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2005. An yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 30 saboda ɓata suna. Amnesty International, Reporters without Borders da kafofin watsa labarai sun yi Allah wadai da hukuncin. Dokta Qadir ya shiga yajin aikin yunwa lokacin da yake kurkuku kuma ya tsaya lokacin da zai iya samun bukatun sa.

An sake shi daga tsare a ranar 25 ga Janairu, 2006, sakamakon kokarin da wakilin musamman na ma'aikatar harkokin waje ta Austria, Gudrun Harrer ya yi. Jakadan ya shiga tsakani bayan gwamnatin Austria ta yi la'akari da hukuncin da ya yi tsanani. Daga baya aka sake yin shari'ar Qadir kuma an canza hukuncin zuwa watanni goma sha takwas. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2006 aka sake shi.
Tsabtace yawan jama'a

**Tsabtace yawan jama'a** shine cirewa da gangan na yawan jama'ar da ke da wasu halaye marasa kyau, kamar kabilanci (Tsabtace kabilanci), Addini (Tsabtace addini), ƙungiyar zamantakewa (tsabunta zamantakewa), ajin zamantakewa, ka'idodinsu ko ka'idojin siyasa (Tsabtace siyasa), da sauransu daga wasu yankuna.

A cikin zamanin d ̄ a, tsaftace yawan jama'a ya fi motsawa ta hanyar tattalin arziki da siyasa, kodayake dalilai na kabilanci a wasu lokuta suna taka rawa. Andrew Bell-Fialkoff ya danganta misali na farko da aka sani na tsaftacewa a matsayin manufofin jihar ga Assuriya. Assurnasirpal II da Assurbanipal sun sake zama da miliyoyin mutane daga yankunan da aka ci nasara don murkushe juriya. Yawancin lokaci ana sake zama a cikin manyan ɗalibai, maimakon cikakkun jama'a, saboda yawan manoma da masu sana'a galibi ba su da jagoranci don fara tawaye. Ya ci gaba da ba da wasu shari'o'i da yawa a Babi na 1 "Cleansing: A Historical Overview" na littafinsa. Yayinda yake tattauna batun Tsohon Girka, Bell-Fialkoff ya fitar da wani nau'i na musamman na kawar da polis da aka ci nasara, wanda Helenawa ke da kalma ta musamman: andrapodismos (daga kalmar , wanda aka dauka a yaƙi kuma aka sayar da shi a matsayin bawa ). Andrapodismos ya haɗa da lalata polis, kashe dukkan manya maza da sayar da mata da yara zuwa bautar. Sauran nau'ikan kawar da polis (tare da ko ba tare da lalacewa ba) sun haɗa da cire dukkan jama'arta zuwa wani polis, warwatse a kan ƙauyuka, ko ƙaura daga yawan jama'arta, mai yiwuwa kafa polis a wasu wurare.

Tun zamanin d ̄ a, hanyoyin tsaftacewa sun bambanta daga kisan kai (kisan kai, kisan kare dangi) zuwa tilasta canja wurin yawan jama'a, zuwa tilasta ƙaura.
Rufewa

Enrober na'ura ce da ake amfani da ita a masana'antar kayan kwalliya don rufe kayan abinci tare da matsakaiciyar sutura, yawanci cakulan. Abinci da aka rufe sau da yawa sun haɗa da kwayoyi, ice cream, toffee, sandunan cakulan, biscuits da kukis. Baya ga tasirinsa akan dandano da jin baki, **rufewa** da cakulan yana fadada rayuwar ajiyar kayan kwalliya.

## Tsarin

Tsarin enrobing ya haɗa da sanya abubuwa a kan band din abinci na enrober, wanda zai iya kunshe da ma'auni na waya ko kwantena wanda aka sanya kayan da za a rufe, tare da kowane akwati yana da ramuka don dawo da cakulan da ya wuce gona da iri. Mai rufewa yana kula da matsakaiciyar murfin a yanayin zafin jiki mai sarrafawa kuma yana yin amfani da matsakaici a cikin kwandon kwarara. Matsakaici yana gudana daga kwandon kwarara a cikin labule mai ci gaba da gado wanda kayan abinci ke wucewa, gaba ɗaya yana rufe su. Wani belin waya mai jigilar kaya sa'an nan kuma yana jigilar kayan kwalliya zuwa yankin sanyaya.

Fitarwa galibi ta fito ne daga faɗin bel da tsawon ramin sanyaya. Baya ga cakulan mai fili, yawancin cakulan suna buƙatar ciyar da minti takwas a cikin ramin sanyaya.

## Tarihi
An kirkiro na'urar enrober a Faransa a cikin 1903,  an kawo ta Amurka, kuma an kammala ta don yin aikin akalla mutane ashirin. 

## Dubi kuma

* Sugar panning, hanyar rufe zuma ko kwai tare da kwai mai wuya
* Couverture cakulan, wani nau'in cakulan tare da babban rabo na man koko, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin nutsewa da rufewa
* Rufin abinci

## Manazarta
Halakar tsarin kiwon lafiya

**Halakar tsarin kiwon lafiya** laifi ne na yaki wanda zai iya kunshe da irin waɗannan ayyukan kamar hare-hare kan wuraren kiwon lafiya kamar asibitoci, cutar da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya, toshe taimakon jin kai da sauran kayan da tsarin kiwon lafiyar ke buƙata. An bayar da rahoton a lokacin da Isra'ila ta kewaye Gaza  da kuma Yaƙin Gaza (duba Hare-hare kan wuraren kiwon lafiya a lokacin yakin Gaza),  mamayewar Rasha a Ukraine,  Yaƙin basasar Siriya,  da kuma Rikicin Sudan.  Don hana masu fafutuka daga tabbatar da lalacewar tsarin kiwon lafiya ta hanyar da'awar cewa abokan gaba suna amfani da wuraren a matsayin garkuwar mutum, Neve Gordon da Nicola Perugini sun ba da shawarar bayyana cewa duk hare-haren da suka lalata tsarin kiwon lafiyar laifukan yaki ne.

## Dubi kuma

* Laifukan yaki
* Jerin kisan kare dangi
Kabari na Ruwa

Kabarin Marine wani kayan aiki ne na fasaha wanda ke kan Rairayin bakin teku na Beypore a Kozhikode, Kerala, Indiya wanda aka sadaukar da shi ga nau'ikan ruwa da na kogi guda tara da ke cikin haɗari. Ya ƙunshi kwalabe 2,000 na filastik waɗanda aka tattara a baya daga rairayin bakin teku. An buɗe shi a cikin 2019.

## Tarihi
Kabarin Marine an sadaukar da shi ga nau'in ruwa da na kogi waɗanda ke cikin haɗari saboda Sharar filastik, gurɓataccen ruwa, Canjin yanayi, da kuma yawan amfani. Shigarwa shiri ne na wayar da kan jama'a.

A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2019, wata kungiya ta kimanin masu sa kai 80 sun tsabtace rairayin bakin teku na Beypore, kuma sun tattara fiye da  kg (1,800  na sharar filastik wanda suka ba da ita ga Kozhikode Municipal Corporation don sake amfani. An bar kwalabe 2,000 na filastik wanda daga baya aka yi amfani da su don gina shigarwa. Mai gwagwarmayar yanayi Aakash Ranison ne ya yi wannan abin tunawa kuma Jellyfish Watersports ne ya fara shi tare da hadin gwiwar gwamnatin Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Beypore, hukumomin Gundumar Kozhikode, kuma a karkashin Ofishin Jakadancin Tsabtace Beach na Ma'aikatar Muhalli, dazuzzuka da Canjin Yanayi. An buɗe shi a ranar 4 ga Disamba 2019, Ranar Kare namun daji ta Duniya, ta S. Sambasiva Rao, Mai tara Gundumar Kozhikode, da V. K. C. Mammed Koya, MLA na Mazabar Beypore.

## Shigarwa

Shigarwa yana da alamomi tara, kowannensu an sadaukar da shi ga nau'in ruwa da na kogi da ke cikin haɗari, wanda aka gina tare da kwalabe na filastik da aka rufe a cikin siffofin ƙarfe masu kama da kabari. Takwas daga cikin wadannan alamomi suna da ƙafa 4 (1.2  a tsawo, kuma an sadaukar da su ga doki na teku, Kifi, tururuwan teku na fata, hasken gaggafa, sawfish, dugong, zebra shark, da hammerhead shark. Ɗaya daga cikin alamun yana da ƙafa 6 (1.8  a tsawo, kuma an sadaukar da shi ga nau'in kifin ruwa mai laushi mai haɗari Miss Kerala . 

## Dubi kuma

* Amfani da Kasuwanci na Flastic

## Manazarta
Daniel Sherrell

**Daniel Sherrell**  marubuci ne na Amurka kuma mai shirya siyasa wanda ke da hannu a cikin yunkurin yanayi.  Shi ne marubucin Warmth: Coming of Age at the End of Our World, wani abin tunawa game da rikicin yanayi wanda aka tsara a matsayin wasika ga yarinyar Sherrell na gaba.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Daniel Sherrell a shekarar 1990. Mahaifinsa masanin ilimin teku ne kuma mahaifiyarsa tana karatun metabolism; dukansu suna aiki a Jami'ar Rutgers .  : 19 Sherell ta girma a New Jersey kuma ta halarci Jami'ar Brown, ta kammala karatu a 2013 tare da Bachelor of Arts a cikin Nazarin muhalli. A Brown, Sherrell ya jagoranci Kamfen ɗin Brown Divest Coal, wanda ya ba da shawara don fitar da jami'ar daga masana'antar kwal. Ya kuma yi aiki tare da mutanen da Ma'aikatar Gyara ta Rhode Island ta tsare a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin fadakarwa.

## Ayyuka
A cikin 2021, Sherrell ya buga littafinsa na farko, Warmth: Coming of Age at the End of Our World .  Littafin ya sami karbuwa mai kyau    kuma an haɗa shi a cikin jerin New Yorker na "Littattafai Mafi Kyawun da Mu Karanta a cikin 2021. "  Sherrell ya rubuta kan batutuwan yanayi don *[[The Guardian]]*   da Grist  

A cikin 2022, Sherrell ya bayyana a kan Storybound don daidaitawa na musamman na wani sashi daga littafinsa Warmth .

## Bayanan littattafai

* Rubutun takarda. 

## Manazarta
Sauyin yanayi na birnin Quebec

**yanayi a birnin Quebec** yana da Yanayin nahiyar ba tare da lokacin fari ba da kuma lokacin zafi (Köppen: *Dfb*). Yana da ruwan sama sosai, a inci 47 na ruwan sama a shekara.

## Yanayin zafi
Matsakaicin zafin jiki a cikin birnin Quebec yana daga -27 °C (-16.6 °F) a watan Janairu zuwa 24.7 °C (76.46 °F) a watan Yuli.  Matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin shekara-shekara shine 4.2 °C (39.5 °F).  Akwai, a matsakaita kwanaki 171 tare da daskarewa ko ƙasa.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

### Matsakaicin matsakaicin kowane wata da mafi ƙanƙanta

## Ruwan sama
Akwai kusan milimita 900 na ruwan sama a cikin birnin Quebec, watan da ya fi ruwan sama shine Yuli tare da 121.4 mm.  Yayin da bushewar shine Fabrairu na kawai 15.2.  1189.7 mm na jimlar hazo faɗuwar shekara.  Dusar ƙanƙara tana faɗuwa 303.4 cm/shekara.&nbsp;&nbsp;
Kisan Gida

Domicide (daga Latin *domus*, ma'ana gida ko mazauni, da caedo, ma'anar kisan kai da gangan, kodayake an yi amfani da shi a nan a matsayin kwatanci) shine lalata gidaje da gangan ta mutane don neman takamaiman manufofi.  Ya haɗa da lalacewar mahalli mai rai, wanda ya tilasta wa mutane masu mulki su koma wani wuri.

Ma'anar kisan kai ta samo asali ne a cikin shekarun 1970s, amma kawai ta ɗauka ma'anar ta yanzu a cikin 2022, bayan wani rahoto na musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Hakkin Gidaje masu dacewa, Balakrishnan Rajagopal .   Rajagopal ya yi jayayya cewa ya kamata a yi wa dokar kasa da kasa gyare-gyare don la'akari da kisan kai a matsayin Laifin yaki.

## Misalan
Shahararrun misalai na tarihi na kisan kai sun haɗa da: Bombing na Amurka na Tokyo, wanda shine mafi lalacewa da mummunar fashewar bam ba ta nukiliya ba a tarihin ɗan adam,  fashewar Warsaw da Dresden da lalacewar da Khmer Rouge ya yi a Kambodiya. 

An dauki fashewar bam na Isra'ila a Gaza a matsayin daya daga cikin kamfen ɗin da ya fi lalacewa a tarihin kwanan nan. Balakrishnan Rajagopal, mai ba da shawara ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan madatsun ruwa da kuma mai ba da rahoto na musamman kan isasshen gidaje ya zargi Isra'ila da aikata kisan kai a Gaza a lokacin Yaƙin Gaza.

John Porteus da Sandra Smith a cikin littafin su Domicide: The Global Destruction of Home sun kuma nuna Dokar Cire Indiya a matsayin tabbataccen lamari na kisan kai.
Babbar Kasuwar Yamai

**Babbar [[Kasuwa (wuri)|Kasuwar]] [[Niamey]]** (Faransanci: Grand marché de Niamey) ita ce babbar kasuwa kuma cibiyar cinikayyar kasuwa a Niamey, babban birni kuma birni mafi girma a ƙasar Nijar, ƙasar da ke a Yammacin Afirka.

## Wuri
Babbar kasuwar na a tsakiyar birnin a cikin unguwar da ake kira "Grand Marché" bayan kasuwar, gabas da kudu na tsarin kasuwanci da kuma cibiyar gwamnati ta Turai na unguwar "Plateau". An gina kasuwar a wani wurin shakatawa na zamanin mulkin mallaka wanda ya raba sassan "Turai" da "Afirka" na birnin, kudu da yammacin Stade Général Seyni Kountché na zamani da Babban Masallacin Niamey. Kasuwar tana da iyaka a yammacin Boulevard de l'Independence, wanda kuma ta nan ne a hanyar arewa maso kudu ta birnin; Route nationale 1.

## Tsarin Kasuwar
An fara gina shagunan kasuwancin kasuwar a shekarar 1950. Ada ana kiran kasuwar da sunan **Habou-Béné**'. Wata gobara da ta tashi a ranar 30 ga watan Maris, 1982 ta yi sanadiyar lalata kasuwar, daga baya an sake buɗe kasuwar a ranar 5 ga watan Janairun 1987, bayan wani aikin sake ginawa wanda ya ci kuɗi zunzurutu har CFA biliyan 5. Wannan aikin sake ginawa ya ƙunshi shaguna dubu 4000, kama daga rumfuna masu sauƙi da tebura da sauran ayyukan kasuwar; rumfunan ƙarfe zuwa shagunan zamani a cikin manyan gine-gine guda biyu. A cikin watan Mayun 2009, wata gobarar ta kone wasu sassan kasuwar, inda ta lalata kusan rumfuna 1500 da tantuna. An yi imanin cewa gobarar ta tashi ne a yankin da aka kebe rumfunan abinci. Jami’an kashe gobara sun yi zargin wata gajeriyar igiyar wutar lantarki ce ta yi silar assasa gobarar, wadda ta fara da misalin karfe 14:00, an kashe gobarar Bayan kwashe sa’o’i hudu tana ci.

Ƙungiyar gwamnatin ƙasa ce ke tafiyar da rukunin kasuwar, SOCOGEM ("Société de Construction et de gestion des marchés", "Ƙungiyar Ginawa da Ayyukan Kasuwanni ta Ƙasar")

## Muhimmanci
Babbar Kasuwar Niamey kuma cibiyar kasuwanci ta dukan gundumar ko yankunan birnin, yayin da kayayyaki daga ko'ina cikin ƙasa da ƙasashen waje ke wucewa ta cibiyar kuma ana saya gami da siyarwa. A  Cibiyar sana'ar gargajiya a kasuwar ta taka rawa wurin karin jawo hankalin masu buɗe ido, tana jawo kimanin masu yawon buɗe ido kimanin dubu 20,000 a shekara. Babban tashar bas da taksi suna daga bayan kasuwar.

## Tarihi
An gina kasuwar ashekarar  1950. Gobara ta lalata kasuwar a shekara ta 1982 kuma an sake gina ta a 1987 inda sake ginin nata ya lashe zunzurutun kudi har dala biliyan 5. A yau Babbar Kasuwar tana jawo kimanin masu yawon buɗe ido mutane dubu 20,000 a kowace shekara.

## Manazarta
 

### Wasu Majiyoyi
*Incendie, hier, au grand marché de Niamey: Véritable désastre économique. Assane Soumana & Seini Seydou Zakaria, Le Sahel (Niamey). 28 May 2009.
*Incendie au Grand marché de Niamey : mettre nos marchés à l'abri des flammes dévastatrices, il vaut mieux prévenir que guéri. Oumarou Moussa, le Sahel.   29 Mai 2009
*Incendie au Grand marché de Niamey : émotion et soupçon d'espoir chez les victimes.  Zabeirou Moussa, le Sahel.   29 Mai 2009

## Adireshin Waje
*wikimapia.org.
Route nationale 1 (Nijar)

Titin **Route nationale 1** a Nijar, muhimmiyar hanya ce a Nijar. Ta haɗa gabashin ƙasar zuwa yamma da ƙasar. RN1 tana da tsawon kusan kilomita  (750  daga Koutougou a kan iyakar Mali a yamma zuwa N'Guigmi a gabas, ta hanyar Tillabery, Niamey, Dosso, Maradi, Zinder, da Diffa. Birnin Dashi na farko, tsakanin Gouré da N'Guigmi, an fito da hanyar a cikin 1971-72. Wannan ɓangaren, a cikin gabas mai nisa da ƙarancin jama'a, yanzu shine ɓangaren hanyar da ya fi lalacewa, wani ɓangaren ma ya lalace gaba ɗaya. An kiran hanyar da "Route de l'Unité" ("Babbar Hanyar Zaman Lafiya") a cikin shekarun 1970s. A shekara ta 1980, hanyar ta haɗe da hanya ta biyu mafi tsawo a Nijar, ana kiranta da sunan "Hanyar Uranium," da ta bi tun daga Niamey zuwa Arlit a arewacin arewa da ƙasar.

## Dubi kuma

* Sufuri a Nijar

## Manazarta