Connie Mark

**Constance Winifred Mark**, MBE, BEM (wanda aka haifa a **McDonald**, wanda a da ake **kira Goodridge** ; 21 ga Disamba 1923 - 3 ga Yuni 2007) ta kasance mai shirya al'umma kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a 'yar asalin Jamaica. Ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatariyar lafiya a Sabis na 'Yankuna na Taimako a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu . Bayan ta koma Ingila a farkon shekarun 1950, ta zama mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin 'yan asalin West Indians a London, bayan an hana ta lambar yabo ta Burtaniya Empire . Ta yi aiki don samun yabo ga ma'aikatan baƙar fata waɗanda aka yi watsi da su saboda ayyukansu kuma ta haɗu ta kafa ƙungiyar tunawa da Mary Seacole don kawo yabo ga nasarorin da ma'aikaciyar jinya 'yar Jamaica ta samu.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Constance Winifred McDonald a ranar 21 ga Disamba, 1923 a Rollington Town, Kingston, Jamaica, ga Mary Rosannah (née Fyfe) da Ernest Lynas McDonald.   A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, an san ta da "Winnie" amma a lokacin rayuwarta ta gaba an san ta da "Connie".  Ta fito daga kabilu daban-daban, asalinta ya haɗa da kakar uba daga Jamaica da kaka daga Scotland, da kuma kaka ta uwa daga zuriyar Lebanon da kuma kaka ta uba wacce ta kasance ma'aikaciyar jinya daga Calcutta, Indiya . Duk da bambancin zuri'arta, iyalan sun ɗauki kansu a matsayin 'yan Birtaniya, galibi saboda Jamaica mallakar Birtaniya ce a lokacin.  Ta girma a Kingston kuma ta halarci Makarantar 'Yan Mata ta Wolmer . 

## Sana'a
A shekarar 1943, an ɗauki McDonald aiki don shiga Sabis na Ƙasashen Taimako (ATS) saboda ƙwarewarta ta kula da lissafin kuɗi.   Ta yi aiki a Asibitin Soja na Burtaniya da ke Kingston, a matsayin sakatariyar lafiya, tana rubuta rahotannin raunin da ta samu a yaƙi.   Bayan kammala watanni 6 na hidima, an ɗaukaka ta zuwa Kofur  kuma ta nemi ƙarin albashinta kamar yadda aka tanada a cikin dokokin Sojojin Burtaniya. Ofishin Yaƙi ya ƙi buƙatarta, yana mai cewa sojojin ATS ba su cancanci ƙarin ba.  Watanni shida bayan haka, an ɗaukaka McDonald zuwa cikakken Kofur  kuma har yanzu an ƙi ƙarin albashinta. McDonald ya ɗauki manufar a matsayin wariyar launin fata, yana jin cewa yayin da take cikin rundunar sojojin Burtaniya ta Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC) ya kamata a yi mata mu'amala kamar sauran ma'aikata.  Ta ce, "Mu 'yan Birtaniya ne! Ingila ita ce ƙasarmu ta asali. An rene mu ne don girmama dangin sarki . " Ta yi fafutuka don, amma ba ta karɓi abin da ta ɗauka a matsayin albashin baya ba.  

Bayan yaƙin ya ƙare, babban jami'in McDonald ya nemi ta karɓi lambar yabo ta British Empire Medal, amma an ƙi amincewa da ita. Ta yi imanin cewa musantawar ta faru ne saboda ta ƙi tsaftace gidajen jami'an Birtaniya.   A shekarar 1949, lokacin da aka haɗa ATS cikin Rundunar Sojojin Mata ta Royal, ta yi rajista don ƙarin aiki.   A shekarar 1952, ta auri ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Jamaica Stanley Goodridge, kuma daga baya suka haifi 'ya mace, Amru Elizabeth. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, Stanley ya sami kwangilar buga wasan kurket a Durham kuma ya koma Ingila. Bayan kammala shekaru goma na hidima tare da RAMC, McDonald-Goodridge ya haɗu da mijinta da 'yarsu a Ingila, inda ta haifi ɗansu na biyu, Stanley, a shekarar 1957. 

Da zarar iyalin sun zauna a Birtaniya, McDonald-Goodridge ta koma aikinta na sakatariyar lafiya. Ta kuma shiga ayyukan agaji, hidimar al'umma da ayyukan ilimi. [1] [1] The Goodridges sun rabu kuma ta auri Michael Mark. [1] Ta shiga ƙungiyar tsoffin ma'aikatan soja ta Yammacin Indiya kuma ta matsa musu lamba su ƙara mata a matsayin ƙungiyar, ta ci gaba da fafutukarta don a amince da gudummawar mata ga yaƙin. [1]

A shekarar 1980, Mark ya kafa wata kungiya mai suna Abokan Mary Seacole, wacce daga baya aka sake mata suna Ƙungiyar Tunawa da Mary Seacole.   A lokacin bikin cika shekaru 100 da mutuwar Seacole, an gudanar da wani taron tunawa a ranar 14 ga Mayu 1981 kuma tun daga lokacin, Ƙungiyar Tunawa ta ci gaba da kula da wurin kabari.  A shekarar 1989, lokacin da ake shirye-shiryen bikin gudummawar sojoji maza da mata a ranar cika shekaru hamsin da barkewar yakin, Mark ya fara fafutukar ganin an hada 'yan asalin Indiya da mata. A wata hira da Jacqui Harper ta yi da shirin BBC na *Hear-Say*, Mark ta bayyana takaicinta cewa ba a san hidimar 'yan Birtaniya bakar fata ba. Ta nemi tallafi daga Majalisar Fasaha ta Landan kuma ta shirya wani baje kolin hotuna da ta samu damar tattarawa daga ma'aikatan soja da kuma rumbun adana kayan tarihi na Gidan Tarihin Yaƙin Daular don bikin cika shekaru hamsin.   A shekarar 1992, Mark ya sami lambar yabo ta Daular Burtaniya saboda aikin da ta yi a lokacin yaƙin.  

## Manazarta