François Lenormant

**François Lenormant** (; 17 ga Janairun 1837 - 9 ga Disamba 1883) ya kasance ɗan asalin Faransa ne na ƙarni na 19, Masanin ilimin Assuri, kuma masanin ilimin kimiyyar tarihi.

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta farko
Mahaifin Lenormant, Charles Lenormant), wanda ya bambanta a matsayin masanin ilimin kimiyyar tarihi, masanin lissafi da masanin kimiyyar Masar, yana damuwa cewa ɗansa ya bi sawunsa. Ya sa ya fara Girkanci yana da shekaru shida, kuma yaron ya amsa sosai ga wannan shirin koyarwa na farko, cewa lokacin da yake da shekaru goma sha huɗu kawai wani rubutun nasa, a kan allunan Girkanci da aka samu a Memphis, ya bayyana a cikin Revue Archéologique . A shekara ta 1856 ya lashe kyautar numismatist na Académie des Inscriptions tare da wata kasida mai taken Classification des monnaies des Lagides kuma a shekara ta 1862 ya zama mai kula da ɗakin karatu na Institut de France . 

A shekara ta 1858 ya ziyarci Italiya kuma a shekara ta 1859 ya bi mahaifinsa a kan tafiya ta bincike zuwa Girka, a lokacin da Charles ya mutu saboda zazzabi a Athens. Lenormant ya koma Girka sau uku a cikin shekaru shida masu zuwa, yana kula da tonowa a Eleusis kuma ya ba da duk lokacin da zai iya ajiyewa daga aikinsa na hukuma zuwa binciken archaeological. Ya taƙaita karatunsa a cikin sanannen Manuel d'histoire ancienne de l'Orient jusqu'à les guerres Médiques (Paris 1868). Wadannan ayyukan zaman lafiya sun katse su da mummunan Yakin Franco-Prussian, lokacin da Lenormant ya yi aiki tare da sojoji kuma ya ji rauni a Siege na Paris . A shekara ta 1874 an nada shi farfesa a fannin ilimin kimiyyar archaeology a Bibliothèque Nationale de France, kuma a shekara mai zuwa ya yi aiki tare da Baron Jean de Witte wajen kafa Gazette archéologique . [1]

### Ayyukan da aka samu
Tun a farkon shekara ta 1867 ya mayar da hankalinsa ga nazarin Assuriya; ya kasance daga cikin na farko da ya gane a cikin rubutun cuneiform kasancewar yaren da ba na Semitic ba wanda ya kira Akkadian (a yau an san shi da Sumerian). Ilimin Lenormant ya kasance mai zurfi, ya kai ga batutuwa da yawa, kuma a lokaci guda cikakke, kodayake ɗan kaɗan ba shi da tabbas a cikin tsananin daidaito na makarantar zamani. Yawancin karatunsa daban-daban an tsara su ne don gano asalin manyan wayewa guda biyu na duniyar dā, waɗanda za a nemi a Mesopotamiya da kuma bakin tekun Bahar Rum. Yana da cikakkiyar sha'awar bincike. Baya ga tafiye-tafiyensa na farko zuwa Girka, ya ziyarci kudancin Italiya sau uku tare da wannan abu, kuma yayin da yake bincike a Calabria ne ya sadu da hatsari wanda ya ƙare a Paris bayan dogon rashin lafiya.

## Ayyukan da aka zaɓa

* "A kan asalin Kirista na rubutun Sinaïtique" a cikin Journal Asiatique, XIII (5th ser., Paris, 1859) 
* *Tarihin kisan kiyashi na Siriya a 1860* (Paris, 1861).
* *Juyin Juya Halin Girka* (Paris, 1862) 
* *Rubuce-rubuce game da tsarin siyasa da tattalin arziki na kudi a zamanin d ̄ a* (Paris, 1863) 
* *Turkawa da 'yan Montenegro* (Paris, 1866) 
* Comple Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences (Vol. 65, shafi na 903, Paris, 1867) &nbsp;
* Kyakkyawan ayyukan fasaha na dā (Paris. 1867-1868) a cikin kundi 7.
* *Tarihin mutanen Yahudawa* (Paris, 1869) 
* *Rigyawa da Labarin Babila* (Paris, 1873) 
* *Al'adu na farko* (Paris, 1873. 2 vols.) 
* *Yin sihiri a tsakanin Kaldiyawa da asalin Akkadian* (Paris, 1874) https://www.amazon.com/magie-chald%C3%A9ens-origines-accadiennes-French/dp/0543992128
* Harshen farko na Kaldiya da harsunan Turanian (Paris, 1875) 
* *Kudin zamanin d ̄ a* (Paris, 1878-1879) 
* *Ta hanyar Apulia da Lucania* (Paris, 1883) 
* Farawa da aka fassara daga Ibrananci, tare da bambancin abubuwan da ke cikin rubutun, sannan kuma wani yunkuri na dawo da rubutun da marubucin karshe ya yi amfani da su (Paris, 1884) 

## Manazarta