Mary Haas

**Mary Rosamond Haas** (/hɑːs/ HAHSS; 23 ga Janairu, 1910 - 17 ga Mayu, 1996) masanin harshe ne na Amurka wanda ya kware a harsunan asalin Arewacin Amurka, Thai, da ilimin harshe na tarihi. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar kungiyar Linguistic Society of America . An zabe ta a matsayin abokiyar Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka kuma memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Haas a Richmond, Indiana .  Ta halarci makarantar sakandare da Kwalejin Earlham a Richmond . 

Ta kammala digirinta na PhD a fannin ilimin harshe a Jami'ar Yale a 1935 tana da shekaru 25, tare da rubutun da ake kira A Grammar of the Tunica Language .  A cikin shekarun 1930, Haas ya yi aiki tare da mai magana da harshen Tunica na ƙarshe, Sesostrie Youchigant, yana samar da matani da ƙamus masu yawa.

## Ayyuka da bincike

### Ayyuka na farko a cikin ilimin harshe
Haas ya gudanar da aikin digiri na biyu a kan ilimin lissafi a Jami'ar Chicago . Ta yi karatu a karkashin Edward Sapir, wanda daga baya ta bi shi zuwa Yale. Ta fara aiki na dogon lokaci a fannin ilimin harshe ta hanyar nazarin harsuna daban-daban a lokacin watanni na rani.

A cikin shekaru goma daga 1931 zuwa 1941, Haas ya yi nazarin yaren Wakashan Nitinat (Ditidaht), da kuma harsuna da yawa waɗanda aka fi Magana da su a kudu maso gabashin Amurka: Tunica, Natchez, Muskogee (Creek), Koasati, Choctaw, Alabama, Cherokee da Hichiti. Takardar farko da ta buga, A Visit to the Other World, a Nitinat Text, wanda aka rubuta tare da Morris Swadesh, an buga shi a cikin 1933. 

Ba da daɗewa ba, Haas ya gudanar da aikin gona tare da Watt Sam da Nancy Raven, masu magana da Harshen Natchez na ƙarshe a Oklahoma. Bayanan da ba a buga ba sun zama tushen tushen bayanai mafi mahimmanci game da harshen da ya mutu yanzu. Ta gudanar da aiki mai zurfi a kan Harshen Muskogee, kuma ita ce masanin harshe na zamani na farko da ya tattara matani masu yawa a cikin harshen. An buga matani na Muskogee bayan mutuwarta a cikin wani kundin da Jack B. Martin, Margaret McKane Mauldin, da Juanita McGirt suka gyara kuma suka fassara.

### Ayyuka a Jami'ar California, Berkeley
A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, gwamnatin Amurka ta kalli nazarin da koyar da harsunan kudu maso gabashin Asiya a matsayin mahimmanci ga kokarin yaki,  kuma a karkashin jagorancin Shirin Horar da Sojoji na Musamman a Jami'ar California a Berkeley, Haas ya kirkiro shirin don koyar da Harshen Thai.  Har yanzu ana amfani da ƙamus na Thai-English Students' Dictionary, wanda aka buga a 1964, .

A shekara ta 1948, an nada ta mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin Thai da Harshe a Jami'ar California, Berkeley Department of Oriental Languages, wani alƙawari da ta danganta ga Peter A. Boodberg, wanda ta bayyana a matsayin "kafin lokacinsa a hanyar da ya bi da mata masu ilimi - masanin ya kasance masanin a cikin littafinsa". Ta zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Sashen Harshe na UC-Berkeley lokacin da aka kafa shi a 1953. Ta kasance shugabar sashen na dogon lokaci, kuma ta kasance Darakta na Binciken Harsunan Indiya na California a Berkeley daga 1953 zuwa 1977. Ta yi ritaya daga Berkeley a 1977 kuma a 1984 an zabe ta a matsayin Berkeley Fellow . 

## manazarta