open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Furlana

**furlana** (wanda aka fi sani da: ***forlane***, ***friulana***, ***forlana***) rawa ce ta gargajiya ta Italiya daga yankin Italiya na Friuli-"  Giulia . A cikin Friulian, ***''Ci gaba**** yana nufin *Friulian*. A cikin Friuli akwai 'yan tsiraru na Slav tun lokacin da aka zauna Slavic na Gabashin Alps,  kuma furlana na iya samo asali ne a matsayin rawa na Slavonic. Ya kasance aƙalla zuwa shekara ta 1583, lokacin da aka buga "ballo furlano" da ake kira L'<nowiki/>*Arboscello* a cikin Pierre Phalèse the Younger's *Chorearum molliorum collectanea* da kuma a cikin littafin tablature na Jakob Paix, kodayake babban shahararsa ya karu daga ƙarshen 1690s zuwa kusan 1750. An haɗa shi musamman da Venice saboda, a lokacin shahararsa, Friuli wani ɓangare ne na [[Republic of Venice|Jamhuriyar Venice]]. 

*Furlana* rawa ce mai sauri, a cikin lokaci biyu-lokaci 6 8, kodayake wani misali na musamman ya nuna cewa yana cikin mita quintuple, yana jaddada alaƙar Slavonic da aka nuna ta taken sa, *Polesana*, wanda a cikin Italiyanci na iya nufin "mace daga Pola " (birni a Istria, maƙwabciyar Friuli da wani ɓangare na Italiya har zuwa 1947), ko kuma yana iya zama daga kalmar Croatian "polesa", ma'ana "ƙarami", ko "daga dazuzzuka na baya".  Asali, *furlana* rawa ce ta soyayya, wacce ma'aurata suka yi. André Campra ne ya gabatar da ita zuwa Faransa a 1697 (a cikin *L'Europe galante* ) da 1699 (a cikin *Le carnaval de Venise*, inda farkon furlanas biyu ya zama shigarwar rawa ga ƙungiyar Slavs, Armeniya, da Gypsies), kuma nan da nan ya zama sanannen gidan wasan kwaikwayo da rawa ta zamantakewa a can. 

Pietro Paolo Melii (mai aiki kwata na farko na karni na 17) ya haɗa da "Furlain volta alla Francese detta la Schapigliata" a cikin *Intavolatura di Liuto attiorbato, e di Tiorba.* *Libro Quinto* (Venice, 1620). An rubuta yanki kusan gaba ɗaya a cikin gudu na takwas, kuma, kamar yadda yawancin ɓangarorin Melii, suna yin amfani da daidaitawa sosai. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ** &#x5D;</sup> Giovanni Battista Vitali, wani mawaƙi na ƙarni na 17, ya haɗa da Furlana a cikin 6 Sau 6 a cikin waƙarsa ta "Partite sopra diversified Sonate per il Violino."  François Couperin ya kammala waƙar ta huɗu ta Concerto royaux da forlane. [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] ya haɗa waƙar forlane a cikin waƙarsa ta farko ta orchestral suite . Maurice Ravel ya tuna da amfani da baroque a cikin waƙar piano ta *Le Tombeau de Couperin*, kodayake waƙar Forlane ta kasance mai ban tsoro a cikin matsakaicin lokaci. Wani waƙar forlane ya faru ne a ƙarshen waƙar piano ta Ernest Chausson *mai suna Quelques Danses* (Wasu Raye-raye) - wannan ya fi rayayye kuma yana nuna canji tsakanin sautuka uku da sextuple. Waƙar ta huɗu ta Gerald Finzi mai suna Five Bagatelles (Op. 23) waƙar forlana ce kamar yadda waƙar Richard Harvey mai *suna Concerto Antico'' ta yi don guitar da ƙungiyar makaɗa. 

## Manazarta

*  
*  
*  ISBN&nbsp;.
Jamal ad-Din Bukhari

**Jamal ad-Din Muḥammad ibn Ṭāhir ibn Muḥammad al‐Zaydī al‐Bukhārī** (an rubutun **Jamal ud-Din**, **Jamal al-Din** ( Beauty of Faith), da dai sauransu, sunan Sinanci **Zhamaluding**) masanin taurari dan Farisa ne na ƙarni na 13   . Asalinsa daga Bukhara, ya shiga aikin Kublai Khan a kusa da 1250s don kafa Ofishin Astronomical na Musulunci a sabon babban birnin Beijing, don aiki tare da ofishin gargajiya na kasar Sin. Kublai Khan ta haka ne ya ci gaba da tsarin mulki, amma ya ba da izinin lura da tsinkaya na kasar Sin da kuma tsinkaya da masanan Musulmai masu daraja su bincika.

An yaba masa da ya dauki kayan aikin tauraron dan adam guda bakwai zuwa Kublai Khan, a matsayin kyauta daga Hulagu Khan ciki har da astrolabe na Farisa, duniya da kuma armillary sphere, a cikin 1267. Wannan shi ne farkon sanannen ambaton duniya mai laushi na duniya a cikin Ilimin taurari na kasar Sin.

An haɗa shi da zij a Farisa wanda ya ɓace amma Ma‐Ma-shayihei ya fassara shi zuwa Sinanci a cikin 1383 tare da taken *Huihuilifa* (kalandar Islama). Wannan ya ƙunshi teburin Ptolemaic bisa ga sababbin dabi'u kuma an daidaita shi zuwa Beijing kuma an sake gina shi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.

Gabaɗaya, aikin Ofishin Astronomical na Musulunci bai yi bambanci sosai ga ilimin taurari na kasar Sin ba. Koyaya Guo Shoujing  a bayyane yake ya sami ra'ayin torquetum daga gare shi (wanda bai kawo ba), kuma ya samar da sauƙaƙe wanda ya watsar da ma'aunin ecliptic wanda ba a yi amfani da shi a China ba. 

A cikin 1286 ya gudanar da babban bincike game da daular Yuan wanda aka samar a cikin kundin 755 a matsayin *Dayitongzh* . Dukkanin sai dai gabatarwa na wannan ya ɓace.

## Dubi kuma

* Musulunci a kasar Sin

## Bayani

## Manazarta

*  (Fassarar PDF)  
*
Emelia Arthur

**Emelia Arthur** (an haife ta a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoba, 1966) ƙwararriyar 'yar siyasa ce kuma ƙwararriya a fannin ci gaba a ƙasar Ghana wacce a halin yanzu take aiki a matsayin Ministar Kamun Kifi da Kifin Ruwa da kuma 'Yar Majalisa (MP) a mazaɓar Shama. Ta kasance 'yar Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa (NDC), a baya ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Ministar Yankin Yamma da kuma Babbar Jami'ar Gundumar Shama.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Emelia Arthur a Shama a Yankin Yammacin Ghana.   Ta kasance ƙwararriyar Jami'ar Yale World Fellow (2002)  kuma tana da digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Jama'a. Tarihinta na ilimi da na sana'a ya dogara ne akan shugabancin albarkatun ƙasa, haɗa jinsi, da ci gaba mai ɗorewa.

## Aikin siyasa
Emelia Arthur ta fara aikinta a fannin shugabancin ƙananan hukumomi, musamman a matsayin Babbar Jami'ar Gundumar (DCE) ta Gundumar Shama.

A watan Janairun 2025, Shugaba John Dramani Mahama ya naɗa Arthur a matsayin Ministar Kamun Kifi da Kiwo.    A lokacin tantancewarta da kuma hawanta kan mulki, ta bayyana wani "Shiri na Tattalin Arziki Mai Shuɗi" wanda ke da nufin kula da albarkatun ruwa da ruwan sha na Ghana mai ɗorewa.

Shugaba John Evans Atta Mills ne ya naɗa ta a matsayin Mataimakiyar Ministan Yankin Yamma,  rawar da ta taka har zuwa ƙarshen wa'adin farko na gwamnatin a watan Janairun 2013. Bayan haka, ta yi aiki a matsayin Ma'aikacin Shugaban Ƙasa kuma Mai Ba da Shawara ga Shugaban Ƙasa daga shekarun 2013 zuwa 2017, tana mai da hankali kan daidaita manufofi da aiwatar da manufofi.

A babban zaɓen watan Disamba na shekarar 2024, Emelia Arthur ta tsaya takarar kujerar mazaɓar Shama a zaɓen National Democratic Congress.   Ta lashe zaɓen da kashi 57% na jimillar ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa, inda ta kayar da wanda ke kan mulki don wakiltar mazaɓar a Majalisar Dokoki ta 9 ta Jamhuriya ta Huɗu.

## Manufofi da kuma bayar da shawarwari
A matsayinta na Minista, Emelia Arthur ta mayar da hankali kan muhimman fannoni da dama a fannin harkokin ruwa na Ghana:

* "Yellow Card" na Tarayyar Turai:   Ta yi alƙawarin hanzarta yin gyare-gyare don magance damuwar Tarayyar Turai game da kamun kifi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, ba a bayar da rahoto ba, da kuma wanda ba a tsara ba (IUU). Wannan ya haɗa da babban bita na Dokar Kamun Kifi (Dokar 625)  don ƙarfafa takunkumi da inganta bayyana gaskiya.
* Ci Gaban kamun Kifi: Arthur ta jaddada kiwon kamun kifi a matsayin madadi mai ɗorewa ga raguwar kifin teku,  inda ta ƙaddamar da shirye-shirye kamar "Tilapia da Catfish Friday" don haɓaka amfani da su a cikin gida da kuma tallafawa ƙananan manoman kifi.  
* Ɗorewa: Ta yi kira da a yi amfani da Tsarin Kula da Lantarki (EMS) a kan jiragen ruwa na masana'antu da kuma kafa Yankunan Kare Ruwa (MPAs) don dawo da yawan kifaye.  

## Manazarta
Masallacin Chowk Ke

**Masjid-e-chowk**, wanda aka fi sani da Chowk Ke Masjid ko *Jama Masjid Chowk*, Masallaci ne da ke cikin Hasumiyar Tsaro ta Mahboob Chowk, a Hyderabad, a cikin Gundumar Hyderabad ta jihar Telangana, Indiya. Khaja Abdullah Khan ne ya gina masallacin a shekara ta 1817. Da farko an gina masallacin tare da bangon uku. Daga baya an kara arches huɗu ta hanyar fadada tsarin da minaret guda biyu a gaban zauren rectangular. : 107 

## Dubi kuma
 

* Musulunci a Indiya
* Jerin masallatai a Telangana

## Manazarta
Masjid Uppal Kalan

**Masjid Uppal Kalan** Masallaci ne da ke cikin unguwar Uppal Kilan ta Hyderabad, a cikin Gundumar Hyderabad ta jihar Telangana, Indiya. Masallacin an gina shi ne a cikin  1660s AZ ta hanyar Abdullah Qutb Shah .

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
An kammala shi a cikin salon Qutb Shahi, an gina masallacin a kan wani matakala, wanda ake samun damarsa ta hanyar matakala. Gidan yana da ƙofofi uku masu kusurwa, wanda ke da chajja da ke goyan bayan ƙuƙwalwar dutse. Gidan yana kewaye da manyan minaret guda biyu a kowane gefe, tare da ƙananan minaret guda abụọ a bayan masallacin.

## Dubi kuma
* Musulunci a Indiya
* Jerin masallatai a Telangana

## Manazarta
Masallacin Hayat Bakshi, Hayathnagar

**[[Masallaci]] Hayat Bakshi** kuma Masallacinayat Bakshi Begum Masallaci ne da ke Hayathnagar, kusa da Hyderabad, a cikin Gundumar Hyderabad ta jihar Telangana, Indiya .  An gina shi a shekara ta 1672 a lokacin mulkin Abdullah Qutb Shah Sultan na biyar na Golconda, kuma an sanya masa suna bayan Hayat Bakshi Begum.

## Gine-gine
An gina masallacin a cikin salon Qutb Shahi na al'ada; tare da Saraya, gidan hutawa ga matafiya masu gajiyarwa. Gidan yana da arches guda biyar, minaret guda biyu da kuma frieze da parapet wanda ke gudana a kusa da galeries na bangarori goma sha biyu da ke fitowa daga minarets na kusurwa. An saita zauren addu'a a kan wani dandamali mai tsawo. Zuwa gefen gabas na dandalin kuma a ƙarƙashin masallacin akwai tankin wanka. Babban hadaddun ya mamaye kusan hekta 2.0 (acre 5). Gidan sarauta (gidan hutawa) farfajiyar mita 150 da 130 (490 da 430 . An ce wannan gidan baƙi yana da dakuna 130. Hathi Bawli (ma'ana rijiyar giwa), babban rijiyar ce a arewa maso gabashin masallacin.

## Rikici
A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2009, sashen ilimin kimiyyar tarihi da gidajen tarihi sun nemi izini daga Babban Kamfanin Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) don rushe gine-gine ashirin da ke kusa da Masallacin Hayat Bakshi Begum. Halakar ta saba wa Dokar Tsohon Tarihi da Sites na Archaeological da Remains Act na 1960. 

## Dubi kuma
 

* Musulunci a Indiya
* Jerin masallatai a Telangana

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje
Masallacin Kulsum Begum

Masjid na Kulsum Begum, wanda aka fi sani da Masjid na kulsumpura da **Jama Masjid Karwan**, Masallaci ne da ke cikin garin Karwan na Hyderabad, a cikin Gundumar Hyderabad na jihar Telangana, Indiya . Kulsum Begum, 'yar Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah ce ta gina shi a karni na 17.

## Gine-gine
Gine-ginen yayi kama da sauran masallatai na Qutb Shahi a cikin birni. An gina shi a kan matattarar mita 0.91 (3 , bangon masallacin yana da ramuka uku. minaret guda biyu da ke gefen bangon an yi musu ado sosai da stucco. Bugu da ƙari, ƙananan ɗakunan da aka yi da arcs guda biyu suna nuna bangon shinge.

Babu wani rubutun da ya nuna daidai lokacin da aka gina masallacin.

## Dubi kuma
 

* Musulunci a Indiya
* Jerin masallatai a Telangana

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje
Masallacin Premamati

**[[Masallaci]] Premamati** masallaci ne da ke Hyderabad, a cikin Gundumar Hyderabad ta jihar Telangana, Indiya .  An kammala shi a karni na 17.

## Tarihi
An gina masallacin a karni na 17 a lokacin mulkin Abdullah Qutb Shah . An yi tunanin cewa Premamati ne ya ba da umarni, wata sananniyar yarinya musulmi kuma abokiyar Abdullah Qutb Shah. Masallacin ya kasance ba cikakke ba saboda mutuwarta a shekara ta 1662.  Premamati wata budurwa ce ta musulmi kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mawaƙa da mai rawa a fadar sarauta. An yi tunanin cewa ta ji daɗin matsayi mai girma a kotu, kasancewar ita ce sunan masallacin kuma tare da kusanci da kabarinta da kabarin Shah.

## Gine-gine
An gina masallacin a ƙarshen yammacin filin wasa. Gidan yana dauke da ƙofofi biyar, kamar yadda yake a masallatai na Qutb Shahi. Arches suna goyan bayan piers, wanda ke da ƙungiyar ƙira a saman. Wannan yana tunatar da haikalin Hindu, kamar Haikalin Ramappa . chajjas da aka sassaƙa sosai a sama da arches suna nuna tasirin Hindu. Har ila yau, bangon yana kewaye da minaret guda biyu, waɗanda ba su cika ba. Rufin ya kunshi rufin goma da ba a gani daga ƙasa ba.

Masallacin bai cika ba saboda babu bango kuma babu kiosks sama da minarets.

## Dubi kuma
 

* Musulunci a Indiya
* Jerin masallatai a Telangana

## Manazarta
Ibn Mattawayh

**Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥasan ibn Aḥmad ibn Mattawayh**  ( 1025) masanin tauhidin Muʿtazilī ne kuma masanin falsafa na makarantar Bahshamī .  Ba a san ranar haihuwarsa da mutuwarsa ba. Ya yi karatu a Ray a ƙarƙashin Qāḍī ʿAbd al-Jabbār, wanda ya mutu a shekara ta 1025. Ba a haɗa shi da wani wuri ba sai Ray. Yana iya zama masanin tauhidin Muʿtazilī da ake kira Sibṭ Mattūya wanda mai kula da ʿAbd al-Jabbār, vizier al-Ṣāḥib ibn ʿAbbād, wanda ya mutu a cikin 995. An rubuta rubuce-rubucensa ba da daɗewa ba bayan mutuwar ʿAbd al-Jabbār.

Ayyukan Ibn Mattawayh guda biyu da suka tsira sune:

* *Kitāb al-Majmūʿ fiʾl-muḥīṭ biʾl-taklīf*, fassarar tare da sharhi da sukar malaminsa Kitāb al'muḥīṇṭ biʾL-taklīф 
* *Kitāb al-Tadhkira*, littafi mai nau'i biyu game da falsafar, sashi na farko da ke magana game da hatsarori, abubuwa da sauran batutuwa 'na jiki' kuma sashi na biyu yana magana game da batutuwan 'biological' 

Bugu da kari, an san ayyukan da Ibn Mattawayh ya rasa guda biyu. *Kitāb al-Kifāya*, wanda Ibn Abiʾl-Ḥadīd ya nakalto, yana jayayya da *ʿiṣma* (rashin laifi) na ʿAlī da fifikonsa akan Abū Bakr, amma ya daina tabbatar da Koyarwar Shīʿī na imāmate. Maḥmūd ibn al-Malāḥimī ne ya nakalto *Kitāb al-Taḥrīr* .

Akwai wani sharhi da ba a san shi ba game da *Tadhkira* na Ibn Mattawayh . Kwafin rubutun da ya tsira ya nuna cewa an kammala sharhi a cikin 1175.  Bayanan, wanda ba shi da taken, ya fi tsayi fiye da aikin asali.

## Bayani

## Bayanan littattafai ==
* 

## Haɗin waje

* Anonymous Commentary on Kitāb al-Tadhkira by Ibn Mattawayh: Facsimile Edition of Mahdavi Codex 514 (6th/12th Century)
Masjid E Qutub Shahi Langer Houz

**Masjid da Qutb Shahi** (Arabic; Urdu) tsohuwar Masallaci ce a cikin wani yanki mai lalacewa, wanda ke cikin Langar Houz, Hyderabad, a cikin Gundumar Hyderabad na jihar Telangana, Indiya . 

Tsohon masallatai suna da alaƙa da Daular Qutb Shahi, daular da ke mulki a yankin a lokacin 1518-1687. 

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
An yi ƙoƙari don adanawa da kuma dawo da Masjid e Qutb Shahi don tabbatar da amincin gine-ginensa. An gudanar da ayyukan kiyayewa da shirye-shirye daban-daban don kula da tarihin masallacin da al'adu. Ayyukan sabuntawa sun taimaka wajen adana fasalulluka na asali da haɓaka yanayin masallacin gaba ɗaya.

## Dubi kuma
 

* Musulunci a Indiya
* Jerin masallatai a Telangana
* Jerin wuraren tarihi da aka kare a Telangana

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje
Masallacin Jama, Golconda

Jama Masjid, wanda aka fi sani da Safa Masjid (Arabic), masallaci ne na Jumma'a da ke Golconda, Hyderabad, a cikin Gundumar Hyderabad na jihar Telangana, Indiya . CE" data-cx="{}" data-mw="{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-1","html":"nbsp;. . Archived from  on 21 October 2021 2020."}}" id="cite_ref-1" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Jama_Mosque,_Golconda#cite_note-1 [1] An gina shi a cikin 1518 AZ ta hanyar Qutb Shahi mai mulkin farko, Sultan Quli Qutb Shah, yayin da yake gwamnan Bahmani Sultanate a Telangana na yanzu.

## Tarihi
A shekara ta 924 AH (1518/1519 CE) Sultan Quli Qutb Shah (daga baya sarkin Qutb Shahi na farko), gwamnan Telangana karkashin sarkin Bahmani Mahmood Shah Bahmani II, ya sake gina katangar laka ta Golconda kuma ya sanya wa birnin suna Muhammad Nagar, a cikin wannan shekarar ne aka gina masallacin da ake kira “Masjid Jama” da ake kira “Masjid Jama” daga baya. A shekara ta 1543 miladiyya an kashe Sultan Quli a wannan masallaci a lokacin da yake addu'a daga hannun Mir Mahmud Hamadani Quiladar na Golconda Fort wanda magaji Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah dan Sultan Quli ya ingiza shi.[1][2].

## Gine-gine
Masallacin da Golconda Fort an shirya su zama wani ɓangare na babban birni mai suna Mohammed Nagar (sabuwar sunan da Sultan Quli Qutb Shah ya ba Golconda). Ita ce kawai masallaci da aka gina a lokacin mulkin Bahmani a cikin salon gine-ginen Bahmani a Hyderabad. Masallacin ya kunshi dome guda ɗaya a kan ƙofar ƙofar, an shimfiɗa bene na farfajiyar da dutse, babban zauren da aka raba zuwa sassan huɗu da arches biyar.

## Dubi kuma

* Musulunci a Indiya
* Jerin masallatai a Telangana

## Manazarta

## Ƙarin karantawa

*
Yakin Ingilishi na Farko

Kamfen ɗin Ingilishi na Farko (**PEC**) kamfani ne na gyaran kasuwanci da horo wanda ke zaune a Ƙasar Ingila. Chrissie Maher ne ya kafa kamfanin a shekarar 1979, kamfanin ya damu da bayar da shawarwari game da harshen Ingilishi, yana aiki don shawo kan kungiyoyi a Burtaniya da kasashen waje don sadarwa tare da jama'a a cikin harshe mai sauƙi. An ba Maher lambar yabo ta Order of the British Empire a shekarar 1994 saboda ayyukanta na sadarwa mai sauƙi. 

A cikin 1990, PEC ta kirkiro Crystal Mark, hatimin amincewarsa. Wannan alama ce da aka buga a kan takardun da yake ganin a bayyane take ga masu sauraro da aka nufa. Alamar ta bayyana a kan takardu sama da 20,000 a duk duniya. Sun kuma ba da lambar yabo ta shekara-shekara ta Foot in Mouth don "magana mai rikitarwa ta wani mutum na jama'a"  da kuma lambar yabo ta Golden Bull don "mafi munin misalai na rubuce-rubuce".  Shahararrun masu cin nasara na Kyautar Foot in Mouth sun hada da Donald Trump, George W. Bush, Gordon Brown, Richard Gere, da Donald Rumsfeld .

PEC ta yi aiki a duk faɗin duniya don kamfanoni da kungiyoyi ciki har da British Gas,  British Telecom,  Irish Life,  Telefonica O2  da ƙungiyar World Bowls. Ya kuma yi aiki tare da mafi yawan majalisun Burtaniya da sassan gwamnati. Yawancin siffofi da takardun kudi na Burtaniya suna ɗauke da Alamar Crystal, gami da fom ɗin aikace-aikacen Fasfo na Burtaniya.

A shekara ta 2006 magoya bayansa sun zabi Bill Shankly marubucin mafi girman ƙwallon ƙafa na kowane lokaci: "Wasu mutane sun yi imanin ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙasa lamari ne na rayuwa da mutuwa. Ina matukar takaici da wannan halin. Ina iya tabbatar muku da cewa yana da mahimmanci fiye da haka. "  Binciken 2004 ya nuna cewa "A ƙarshen rana" an dauke shi mafi ban haushi. 

Shahararrun magoya bayan PEC sun hada da Margaret Thatcher  da mai watsa shirye-shirye John Humphrys . 

Marubucin Oliver Kamm ya soki PEC, wanda ya rubuta: "Abin ban dariya - ba cewa yana da ban dariya ba - shi ne cewa jiki da ke damuwa da bayyanar harshe ba shi da ƙwarewa a cikin amfani da Turanci kuma ba shi da kula da aikin da ya saita kansa. "

Tom McArthur, editan The Oxford Companion to the English Language, ya ba da ra'ayi daban-daban, wanda ya ce: "A duk tarihin harshen, ba a taɓa samun irin wannan motsi mai ƙarfi don rinjayar shi a matsayin Kamfen ɗin Ingilishi na Farko ba. "

A cikin 2011 PEC ta soki Ofishin Met don amfani da kalmar nan "matsalolin hazo" maimakon "ruwa mai yiwuwa ne". Ofishin Met ya amsa ta hanyar bayyana cewa hazo ba kawai yana nufin ruwan sama ba. Wani mai magana da yawun Ofishin Met ya ce: "Ruwa yana rufe abubuwa da yawa da ke faɗuwa daga sama ciki har da ruwan sama, dusar ƙanƙara, ƙanƙarar ƙanƙanta, har ma da cats da karnuka - amma ya taƙaita shi cikin kalma ɗaya kawai. "

## Dubi kuma

* Turanci mai sauƙi
* Wikipedia mai sauƙi na Turanci
* Turanci mai sauƙi
* Kyautar Ƙafar A Bakin
* Turanci
* Jerin kwatankwacin Jamusanci da Latinate a Turanci

## Manazarta
Masallacin Mian Mishk

Masjid na Mian Mishk, wanda aka fi sani da ***Masjid-e-Miya Misk***, tsohon Masallaci ne a cikin wani yanki mai lalacewa, wanda ke kusa da Purana Pul a Hyderabad, Gundumar Hyderabad. 

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
An gina shi a lokacin mulkin Qutb Shahi a karni na 17 ta hanyar Mian Mishk, mai daraja na Abdullah Qutb Shah, sarki na shida na Golconda. 

Yana da *garam hamam*, wanda ke ba da wanka mai zafi, yana bin ka'idar Musulunci ta tsabta da tsarkakewa.

Yana daga cikin jerin al'adun gargajiya 137 na Hukumar Raya Birnin Hyderabad, amma ba wani ɓangare na Binciken Archaeological na Indiya ba. Tun daga shekara ta 2018, akwai rahotanni da yawa na kafofin watsa labarai cewa tsohon masallacin yana cikin halin da aka yi watsi da shi kuma ya lalace.

Wani rubutu a kan ƙofar yamma ya nuna cewa masallacin ya fito ne daga shekara ta 1674.

## Dubi kuma
* Musulunci a Indiya
* Jerin masallatai a Telangana
* Tsarin tarihi a Hyderabad

## Manazarta
Masallacin Mirpet

Masallacin Mirpet wani masallaci ne da ke Meerpet, Hyderabad, a jihar Telangana, Indiya. An kammala masallacin ne a shekara ta 1019 bayan hijira (1610/1611 CE), kuma Mir Mu'min Astarabadi ne ya kaddamar da shi, wanda aka sanya wa unguwar suna[1].

## Gine-gine
Gine-ginen masallacin yayi kama da na Masallacin Saidabad, wanda Mir Mu'min ya kafa.

Masallacin yana da babban farfajiyar, yana auna kimanin mita 84 da mita 66 (277 da 216 . Ana shiga farfajiyar ta hanyar babbar ƙofar a gabas. Gidan masallacin yana dauke da ƙofofi uku da ke kaiwa cikin ciki. Wani  yana sama da kowane baka. Sama da ƙofar ƙofar, wani bangare na ƙananan ƙofar goma sha biyar yana gudana tare da tsawon bangon.

Kowane ɗayan spandrels na *[[mihrab]]* yana ƙunshe da lambar yabo, wanda aka zana rubutun. Rubutun da ke kan lambobin yabo, wanda aka fassara zuwa Turanci, ya karanta:

Wannan wasa ne akan kalmomi, tare da "mu'min" ma'anar "mai imani" (wato, Musulmi na gaskiya), da kuma kasancewa sunan wanda ya kafa masallacin, Mir Mu'min Astarabadi . Medallion a dama kuma yana ba da ranar da aka gina masallacin a matsayin 1019 AH (1610/1611CE). 

## Dubi kuma
 

* Musulunci a Indiya
* Jerin masallatai a Indiya

## Manazarta
Masallacin Afzal Gunj

**[[Masallaci]] Afzal Gunj**, wanda aka fi sani da ***'Masallacin Afzalgunj***' da kuma Masallacinafalgunj, masallaci ne da ke cikin Afzalgunj, Hyderabad, a jihar Telangana, Indiya. Masallacin an gina shi ne a 1866 ta hanyar Afzal-ud-Daulah, Nizam na biyar na Hyderabad, bayan gina Nayapul wanda ke haɗa birnin da sabon kafa. 

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
Afzal-ud-Daulah ne ya ba da izinin masallacin, kuma an gina shi a farashin ₹ 1 lakh. Bayan kammala shi, masallacin ya kasance na biyu mafi girma a cikin birni, tare da Masjid na Makka shine mafi girma.

An gina masallacin a cikin salon farfadowa na Qutb Shahi. Koyaya, yana da arches uku maimakon biyar; tare da minaret biyu a kusurwar gaba na zauren rectangular. Minarets suna da dome da finials, kuma an ƙawata bangon da aikin gyare-gyare. : 611–612 

## Dubi kuma
 

* Musulunci a Indiya
* Jerin masallatai a Telangana

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje
Masallacin Musheerabad

**[[Masallaci]] Musheerabad**, wanda aka fi sani da ***Masjid da Kalan***, kuma da Musheera Bad Masjid, kuma da ***Jama Masjid Musheerabad***, masallaci ne da ke cikin garin Musheera bad na Hyderabad, a cikin Hyderabad_district,_India" id="mwJw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Hyderabad district, India">Gundumar Hyderabad na jihar Telangana, Indiya. An gina asalin a cikin 1560 AZ ta Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah,  Sultan na huɗu na Daular Qutb Shahi kuma yayi daidai da Masallacin Hayat Bakshi da ke yankin Hayathnagar na Hyderabad.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
Bayan faduwar Golconda, masallacin ya zama abin da ba a amfani da shi ba kuma an watsar da shi har sai yankin ya zama *jagir* na Nawab Arastu Jah, Firayim Minista a lokacin mulkin Nizam Ali Khan. An kuma gyara shi a cikin 1951. A yau, tsohuwar tsarin tana cikin lalacewa.

An gina sabon bangare mai hawa huɗu don karɓar *Namazis*. Akwai babban farfajiyar inda sabon ɓangaren yake a yau.

An kammala masallacin a cikin salon Qutb Shahi kuma yana da manyan arches guda biyar da minaret biyu a kusurwoyi.

## Dubi kuma
* Musulunci a Indiya
* Jerin masallatai a Telangana

## Manazarta
Abu al-Hudhayl al-'Allaf

Abû al-Hudhayl Muhammad ibn al-Huthayl al-'Abdî, ko Abu al-Hudahayl al 'Allâf (752 AZ - 841 AZ), masanin tauhidin Mu'tazilite ne kuma masanin falsafa. Ya kasance daya daga cikin masu ilimin tauhidin Mu'tazila na farko a ci gaban ilimin Musulunci. Abu al-Hudhayl na ɗaya daga cikin masana falsafa waɗanda suka kawo atomism cikin falsafar Islama.

Abu al-Hudhayl ya gabatar da manufar ƙwayoyin halitta a matsayin tushen ilimin halitta. A cewarsa, sararin samaniya ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin halitta da Allah ya kirkira, kuma motsi shine sakamakon canje-canje a cikin ƙwayoyin. Wannan ka'idar ta zama tushe ga ci gaban falsafar atomism a cikin falsafar Islama ta Farko, musamman a cikin Mu'tazilism.

## Manazarta
Al-Jubba'i

**Abū 'Alī Muḥammad al-Jubbā'ī** (Arabic; ya mutu c. 915) ya kasance masanin tauhidi da falsafa na Mu'tazili na Larabawa na ƙarni na 10. An haife shi a Khuzistan, ya yi karatu a Basra inda ya horar da Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari, wanda ya ci gaba da kafa al'adar tauhidin kansa, da ɗansa Abū Hāshīm al-Jubbā'ī . 

## Manazarta
Wasil ibn Ata

**Wasil ibn Ata** (699-748), wanda aka fi sani da **al-Ghazzal**,  masanin tauhidin Musulmi ne kuma lauya. An dauke shi ne wanda ya kafa makarantar Mu'tazilite ta Aqidah da Kalam . 

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife shi a shekara ta 699 a Yankin Larabawa, ya fara karatu a karkashin Abd-Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, jikan Ali. Daga baya, Wasil zai yi tafiya zuwa Basra a Iraki don yin karatu a ƙarƙashin Basra" id="mwKA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Hasan of Basra">Hasan na Basra (ɗaya daga cikin tabi'in). A Basra, ya fara bunkasa akidar da za ta kai ga makarantar Muʿtazilite. Ya auri 'yar'uwar Amr ibn Ubayd.

Tunanin Wasil da mafita sun samo asali ne daga rikice-rikicen da masana da yawa suka fuskanta wajen warware matsalolin tauhidi da siyasa. Babban gudummawarsa ga makarantar Muʿtazilite shine dasa tsaba don kafa koyarwarsa. Ya mutu a shekara ta 748 a yankin Larabawa . 

## Dubi kuma

* Masanan Islama
* Ulama

## Bayani

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Wasil ibn Ata wani labarin da Encyclopædia Britannica ya wallafa a kan layi
* Ibn 'Ata", Wasil wani labarin da Oxford Reference ya wallafa a kan layi
Abu Hashim al-Jubba'i

**Abū Hāshīm al-Jubbā'ī** masanin tauhidin Mu'tazili ne. An haife shi a shekara ta 888 a Basra, kuma ya mutu a shekara ta 933 a Bagadaza. Shi ne ɗan Abū 'Alī Muḥammad al-Jubbā'ī, wani shahararren masanin Mu'tazila wanda kuma malamin Abu al-Hassan al-Ash'ari ne.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Babban malaminsa a fannin tauhidi shi ne mahaifinsa. Bayan rasuwarsa a cikin 915, ya zama shugaban makarantar Mutazilite ta Basra . A kusa da shekara ta 926, dole ne ya tafi Baghdad saboda talaucinsa. Daga baya an san tunaninsa da alaƙa da ƙungiyar Bahshamiyya, makarantar Mu'tazilism.

## Koyarwa
An san shi da gabatar da ka'idar halaye (*ahwal*) a cikin tauhidin. Wannan ka'idar an yi niyya ne don bayyana yanayin halayen allahntaka. Sauran masu ilimin tauhidi za su karbe shi, ba kawai Mutazilites ba, har ma daga makarantar Ash'arite mai hamayya, kamar Al-Baqillani. Abû 'Alî ibn Khallâd da Abû 'Abdullâh al-Husain ibn 'Alî al-Basrî ɗalibansa ne.

## Manazarta
Nicole Chung

**Nicole Chung** (an haife ta a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 1981)  marubuciya ce kuma edita 'yar Amurka. Ita ce tsohuwar manajan edita ta *The Toast*, babbar edita ta mujallar *Catapult*, kuma marubuciyar tarihin rayuwarta *All You Can Ever Know* (2018) da *A* *Living Remedy* (2023).

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Chung a Seattle a shekarar 1981 ga iyayenta 'yan Koriya waɗanda suka bar ta a hannun iyayenta bayan ta shafe watanni tana kula da lafiyarta.   An rene ta a Oregon a hannun iyayenta fararen fata 'yan Katolika.  A tsakiyar shekarunta na 20, Chung ta ɗauki darasin da ba na almara ba kuma ta fara rubuta muƙaloli.  Ta halarci Jami'ar Johns Hopkins, ta kammala karatun digiri na farko daga Makarantar Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Krieger a shekarar 2003 da kuma digiri na biyu a shekarar 2014. 

, Chung lives in Washington D.C., with her husband Dan and two daughters.

## Sana'a
Chung ta yi aiki a matsayin babban editan jaridar *The Toast* daga shekarar 2014 har zuwa lokacin da aka rufe shafin a shekarar 2016, bayan haka ta zama babbar edita ta mujallar *Catapult* .   Ta ci gaba da rubuta kasidu kan batutuwa da suka shafi jinsi, launin fata, da kafofin watsa labarai, kamar tasirin ganin Kristi Yamaguchi, 'yar asalin Amurka, 'yar asalin Asiya, tana wasan tsere a talabijin  da kuma gogewar wariyar launin fata a wuraren cin abincin dare. 

### ''Duk Abin da Za Ka Iya Sani''
Littafinta na farko, wanda aka rubuta da sunan All You Can Ever Know, Catapult ne ya buga shi a shekarar 2018. Littafin ya biyo bayan labarin rayuwar Chung da kuma labarin 'yar uwarta da ta haifa, wadda ta haɗu da ita bayan ta sake haɗuwa da iyayenta. Littafin ya dogara ne akan ƙoƙarin Chung a lokacin da take da juna biyu na farko don sake gina labarin asalinta, gami da neman danginta da ta haifa, tuntuɓar su, sannan gano tarihin cin zarafi, saki, da yaudara.

A lokacin da take rubutu a *jaridar The Washington Post*, Bethanne Patrick ta kira littafin *All You Can Ever Know* "ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun littattafai na wannan shekarar",  yayin da *Publishers Weekly* ta kira shi "mai haske da tayar da hankali".  ] Katy Waldman ta *jaridar The New Yorker* ta yaba da "dangantaka" da littafin ya yi da shi amma ta lura cewa haruffan suna da "tausayi, amma ba su da ban sha'awa sosai" kuma tana son "ƙarin mamaki, ƙarin ƙirƙira, daga wannan littafin".  Kate Tuttle ta *jaridar The Boston Globe* ta taƙaita littafin a matsayin "mai zurfin tunani da motsawa" kuma "mai jan hankali sosai". 

### ''Maganin Rayayye''
Littafin tarihin Chung na biyu, *A Living Remedy*, an buga shi a watan Afrilun 2023.  Yana magana ne game da tsarin kiwon lafiya na Amurka da mutuwar iyayenta.

## Ayyuka

*  
*  

## Manazarta
Siraj al-Din al-Sakkaki

**Sirāj al-Dīn Abū Yaʿqūb Yūsuf al-Sakkākī al-Khwārizmī** (Arabic), wanda aka fi sani da Sirāj al'Dīn al-Sakākī (Arabian; 626-555 AH/ 1160-1229 AZ) ya kasanCE masanin Musulmi na Farisa kuma sanannen mutum a cikin Harshen Larabci. Ya yi fice a fannoni da yawa, ciki har da harshe, rhetoric, morphology, semantics, prosody, da shayari. Al-Sakkākī an dauke shi a matsayin babban mai magana na ƙarni, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara balāgha (magana ta Larabci). Ayyukansa mafi shahara, *Miftāḥ al-ʿUlūm* ("Maɓallin Hanyar"), cikakkiyar litattafai ce da ta zama dutse mai tushe a cikin nazarin magana da faɗakarwa a cikin al'adar Islama. Bugu da ƙari, al-Sakkaki ba kawai ya ƙware a cikin Larabci ba har ma ya san yaren Turkiyya da Harshen Farisa.Arabic-language_text" id="mwEA" rel="mw:PageProp/Category"/>

## Tarihin rayuwa
Ba a san komai game da rayuwarsa ba, saboda ƙarshen ƙarshen ya dace da cin nasarar yankin asalin al-Sakaki ta Mongols. Akwai wani labari na tarihi wanda ke cewa shi da farko ma'aikaci ne har zuwa lokacin da ya kai shekaru talatin,  wanda yake da shakku, idan aka yi la'akari da kamanceceniya da labarin wani masanin, al-Kaffal al-Marwazi.  A cewar wani labarin, lokacin da yake da shekaru 30, ya gina akwati na ƙarfe ga sarki kuma ya kawo shi kotu, inda ya sadu da mambobin da suka taru a kusa da wani masanin. Sakkaki ya bayyana sha'awarsa ta zama malami amma an tsawata masa saboda tsufa. A mayar da martani, ya ba da kansa ga koyo. Shekaru goma bayan haka, yayin da yake tafiya cikin duwatsu cikin takaici game da gwagwarmayar karatu, ya kalli duwatsu kuma ya yanke shawarar cewa zuciyarsa ta fi su taushi. Daga nan, ya sake ba da kansa ga karatunsa kuma ya zama sanannen malami.

A kowane hali, an rubuta cewa yana da alaƙa da jihar, saboda an ce ya halicci wani mutum-mutumi na sihiri ko hoto ga sarki a lokacin, 'Ala al-Din Khwarazm-Shah, don amfani a yaƙin da aka yi da Khalifa Abbasid na zamani al-Nasir .  Har ila yau, wallafe-wallafen tarihin rayuwa sun yaba masa da ikon yin amfani da ikon sihiri don buga cranes a tsakiyar jirgin. Tun da farko a rayuwarsa, ya shiga cikin sihiri da ayyukan al'ada, amma daga ƙarshe ya watsar da su kuma ya ba da kansa don neman ilimi da ilimi.

Ya yi karatu a karkashin sanannun lauyoyin Hanafi na lokacinsa, wato: Sadid al-Din al-Hayati, Ibn Sa'id al-Harithi, da Muhammad ibn Abd al-Karim al-Turkistani . Ya sami shahara sosai a zamaninsa, har zuwa inda Yaqut al-Hamawi ya bayyana shi yana cewa: "Mai shari'a, masanin tauhidi, kuma gwani a fannin kimiyya daban-daban. Yana daya daga cikin fitattun mutane na zamaninsa, wanda shahararsa ta bazu ko'ina. "  Ya mutu a shekara ta 626 AH/1229 AD. 

## Ayyuka

# *Miftāḥ al-ʿUlūm* ("Maɓallin Ilimi")  
# *Kitab [[al-Jumal]]* ("Littafin Sentences"), sharhi game da aikin da ya riga ya kasance al-Jumel na Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani .
# *al-Tibyan* ("The Clarification") 
# *al-Tilasm* ("The Talisman"), a Farisa
# *Risalah fi 'Ilm al-Manazirah* ("A Treatise on Debating") 
# *Kitab al-Shamil wa Bahr al-Kamil* ("Littafi mai kewaye da Tekun Cikakke") 

## Manazarta
Thumama ibn Ashras

**Thumama** (**ThumamAH**) **ibn Ashras** (ya mutu 828 AZ/212-213 AH)  (Arabic), wanda aka fi sani da **Abu Maʿn al-Numayri** (أبو refus النميري) masanin tauhidi ne na Mu'tazila a zamanin Abbasid Caliphate, Khalifancin Musulunci na uku. 

## Rayuwa
Thumama ibn Ashras ya fito ne daga zuriyar Larabawa. Ya yi aiki a ƙarƙashin dangi mai tasiri a zamanin Abbasid, Barmakids, kuma an kama shi lokacin da suka fadi daga tagomashi a 802 AZ. An dawo da sunansa sosai a kusan shekara ta 807 AZ cewa Harun al-Ras̲h̲d ya sa ya shiga aikinsa zuwa Khorasan . 

Alon ya bayyana ibn Ashras a matsayin 'masanin tauhidin kotun' na Al-Ma'mun;  Nawas ya dauke shi 'mashahurin Mu'tazilite'.  Al-Ma'mun ya yi fatan sanya shi vizier, amma ibn Ashras ya ki, a bayyane yake saboda matsayin vizier ya kasance abin jayayya a lokacin; daga baya aka ruwaito cewa Khalifa ya ba ibn Ashras dirhams 300,000 don nuna godiyarsa ga ayyukan ibn Ashras a kotu. Ahmad ibn Abi Khalid al-Ahwal, wanda ake kira vizier a wurin ibn Ashras, ya kira ibn Ashras 'kawai' a kotu 'ba tare da lakabin hukuma ba'.

Wani tsohon rahoto ya nuna cewa ibn Ashras ya shawo kan Al-Ma'mun ya karɓi tauhidin Mu'tazila. Wani rahoto, a *Tarihin Bagadaza* na Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, ya bayyana cewa ibn Ashras ya raina Abu-l-'Atahiya a wani taro a gaban Al-Ma'mun, lokacin da mawaki Atahiya ya kalubalanci ibn Ashras don kare koyarwar Mu'tazila game da asalin aikin ɗan adam.  

A wani lokaci, Turks sun kama ibn Ashras. An bi da shi sosai a lokacin da yake kurkuku, duk da haka, ya girma ya goyi bayan 'yan kwangila na Turkiyya.

## Koyarwa
Ba kamar yawancin masu ilimin tauhidi na lokacin ba, ibn Ashras bai rubuta litattafai da yawa ba. Dangane da haka, ra'ayoyinsa na addini sun tsira galibi a cikin rahotanni daga tattaunawa da muhawara da yake da shi tare da wasu mutane na lokacin, gami da Yahya ibn Aktham, wanda ya tattauna da 'yancin zaɓe.

Ibn Ashras ya koyar da cewa wadanda ba su bi ba dole ne su kasance masu laifi ba saboda rashin gaskatawarsu sai dai idan sun ki amincewa da wahayi.

Ya yi jayayya cewa soyayya tana faruwa 'lokacin da ainihin rayuka suka haɗu ta hanyar haɗin kama'. 

## Manazarta

## Tushen

*  
*  
*
Ibn al-Malahimi

**Rukn al-dīn Maḥmūd ibn Muḥammad al-Malāḥimī al-Khuwārazmī** (ya mutu a ranar 19 ga Oktoba 1141) masanin tauhidin Musulunci ne na Khwārazmian na makarantun Muʿtazilī da Ḥanafī .  Ya rubuta littattafai shida da aka sani da taken, amma daga cikin waɗannan an kiyaye ɗaya kuma biyu a wani ɓangare; sauran sun ɓace.

## Farkon rayuwa
An haifi Ibn al-Malāḥimī kafin 1090 a Khwārazm . Wataƙila yana aiki a Gurgānj, babban birnin Khwārazm . A lokacinsa, Muʿtazila ya shahara a tsakanin Khwārazmian Ḥanafī, yayin da aka hana shi a yawancin ƙasashen Musulmai. Da farko ya kasance daga reshen Bahshamiyya na Muʿtazila, amma ya karɓi tauhidin Abu ʾl-Ḥusayn al-Baṣrī bayan gabatar da shi ga Khwārazm . Ya taimaka wajen juya makarantar al-Baṣrī zuwa babban abokin hamayya ga Bahshamiyya a Khwārazm . Ya koyar da tauhidin ga al-Zamakhsharī, wanda shi ma ya umurce shi da fassarar Kur'ani.

Ibn al-Malāḥimī ya kasance babban abokin adawar kimiyyar lissafi. Ya ga a cikin koyarwar Ibn Sīnā narkewar halin annabci na Islama. Kiristanci, a ra'ayinsa, shine tsarin addinin wahayin allahntaka da annabci wanda Falsafar Girka ta lalata. Ya rubuta wani tarin tauhidin Muʿtazilī na al-Baṣrī, *Littafin Amincewa akan Ka'idodin Addini*, amma kawai sashi na farko da wani ɓangare ne aka adana. Ya rubuta wani taƙaitaccen littafinsa, The Excellent Book on the Principles of Religion, wanda aka kammala a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1137. Wannan aikin ya tsira gaba ɗaya. A ciki ya ambaci wasu ayyukansa guda biyu waɗanda ba a san cewa an adana su ba.

Tsakanin 1137 da 1141, Ibn al-Malāḥimī ya kammala littafi na uku, Kyautar ga Theologians Game da Karkatar da Falsafa, cikakken hari kan Falsafar Hellenistic, musamman wadanda aka yi amfani da su a Jiki koyarwar Ibn Sīnā. Ga al-Mālahimī, yin amfani da falsafar Helenistic da yawa na iya yin amfani da shi don tabbatar da imani na ƙarya, kamar yadda Kiristoci ke yi da Triniti da Incarnation. Wannan aikin ya taɓa rarraba har zuwa nesa kamar Yemen, amma yanzu ya ɓace. Ayyukansa na ƙarshe, The *Abstract*,  wani ɗan gajeren aikin al-Baṣrī ne akan hanyar shari'a da aka kammala a watan Yunin 1140. Ya tsira a cikin rubutun hannu guda ɗaya da ba cikakke ba.

## Littattafai

## Bayani

## Manazarta
Masallacin Saidabad

**[[Masallaci]] Saidabad** masallaci ne a Hyderabad, a cikin Gundumar Hyderabad ta jihar Telangana, Indiya .  An kammala masallacin a farkon karni na 17.

## Tarihi
Mir Mu'min Astarabadi ne ya ba da izinin masallacin. Tare da masallacin akwai quadrangle tare da dakuna hamsin da shida. Wataƙila ya yi aiki a matsayin caravanserai, ko kuma a matsayin masauki ga ɗalibai da malamai na madrasa.

## Gine-gine
Gidan addu'a ya auna mita 9.1 da 6.4 (30 da 21 , kuma bangon yana dauke da ƙofofi uku masu kusurwa.

An yi mihrab ne daga baƙar fata. A samansa akwai rubutu a cikin rubutun Thuluth. An bayar da 1014 AH (1605/1606 CE) a cikin rubutun a matsayin ranar da aka gina masallaci. An sassaka shi'a durood a kowane gefen abin alkuki[1].

## Dubi kuma
 

* Musulunci a Indiya
* Jerin masallatai a Telangana

## Manazarta
Abu al-Husayn al-Basri

**Abu'l-Husayn al-Basri** (c. 980-1044 AZ) ya kasance lauya Mu'tazilite, likita kuma masanin tauhidi. Ya rubuta *al-Mu'tamad fi Usul al-Fiqh* (The Canon of the Foundations of Jurisprudence), babban tushen tasiri wajen sanar da tushe na shari'ar Islama har zuwa Fakhr al-Din al-Razi's *al-Mahsul fi 'Ilm al-Usul* (The Compilation of the Fundamentals of the Legal Sciences). 

Ya kasance likita da kuma almajirin alƙalin Mu'tazili Abd al-Jabbar a Rey . Ya kalubalanci wasu koyarwar maigidansa kuma daga ƙarshe ya tattara babban bita (nau'i biyu; shafuka 1500) mai mahimmanci game da muhawara da hujjoji da aka yi amfani da su a cikin tauhidin Islama. Wannan, ya taƙaita a cikin *al-Mu'tamad* kuma ya haɗa da sukar cancantar lauya. Ayyukansa galibi ana ba da su tsakanin ɗaliban likitanci, kuma ƙarni ne kafin magani Mu'tazili Ibn al-Malahimi ya farfado da koyarwarsa a Khorezm a Asiya ta Tsakiya, inda suka sami karbuwa a matsayin makarantar tauhidin Mu'tazil. 

## Manazarta
Ibrahim I ibn al-Aghlab

Ibrahim I bn al-Aghlab (Larabci: إبراهيم ابن الغالب; 756-812) shi ne sarkin Ifriqiya na farko daga gidan Aghlabid (800-812).

## Asalin da farkon aiki
Shi dan al-Aghlab ne, wani Larabawa na Khurasani wanda ya kasance abokin Abu Muslim a lokacin Juyin Juya Halin Abbasid . Ya yi aiki a matsayin gwamnan Ifriqiya a cikin 765-767, kuma an kashe shi a lokacin tawaye na al-Hasan ibn Harb . 

Encyclopaedia of Islam ya bayyana Ibrahim a matsayin "mai kuzari da hikima, mai hankali da basira, jarumi mai jaruntaka da kuma ƙwararren diflomasiyya", kuma yana da ilimi mai yawa, gami da shari'ar Islama, da kuma ƙwarewa a cikin shayari da maganganu.

A shekara ta 795, an nada Ibrahim a matsayin gwamnan Zab. Daga wannan matsayi ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen murkushe tawaye da gwamnan Abbasid na Ifriqya, Muhammad ibn Muqatil al-Akki . A matsayin lada, a ranar 9 ga Yuli 800 Khalifa Harun al-Rashid ya amince da shi a matsayin sarkin Ifriqiya, kuma ya ba da kusan cikakken 'yancin kai don musayar biyan kuɗi na shekara-shekara na dinar zinariya 40,000 ga asusun Abbasid. Wannan ya ba Ibrahim da magajinsa damar kafa Daular Aghlabid ta gado.

## Sarauta
Ibrahim ya yi nasara wajen shawo kan tashin hankali na Berber na ƙarshe wanda ya ci gaba tun lokacin Babban Tashin hankali na Berber,  kodayake dole ne a ba da kudancin Maghreb don rasa, kuma Berbers a can sun ba da izinin ci gaba da imanin su na Kharijite ko Shi'a, wanda ƙarni daya daga baya zai samar da tushen faduwar Aghlabids ga Shi'a Fatimids. 

A cikin gida, Ibrahim da magajinsa sun fuskanci adawa ta yau da kullun daga al'ummar Larabawa (*jund*) a Tunis da Kairouan, waɗanda ke kishi da hakkinsu kuma suna zaluntar 'yan asalin ƙasar. Bugu da kari, Ibrahim Musulmi ne na Mu'tazili, kuma yana adawa da lauyoyin Maliki na Kairouan. Ya kira Abu Muhriz, imam na Mu'tazili, a matsayin Qadi (mai shari'a na Sahara) Qayrawan (cadi na Kairouan) a cikin 806.

Ibrahim ya fuskanci tawaye biyu daga *jund*, daya daga Hamdis ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Kindi a cikin 802, ɗayan kuma daga Imran ibn Mukhallad a cikin 809. A sakamakon haka, Ibrahim ya kafa fadar al-Abbasiyya (ko *al-Qasr al-Qadim*), a kudancin Kairouan, kuma ya shigo da adadi mai yawa na baƙar fata na Afirka don rage dogaro da *jund*.

A kan mutuwarsa a ranar 5 ga Yuli 812, dansa Abdallah I (r. 812-817) ya gaje shi.

## Manazarta
Muhammad ibn Salih al-Hashimi

**Abu'l-Husayn Muhammad ibn Salih ibn Umm Shayban al-Hashimi** (أبو الحسين محمد بن صالح بن أم شيب الهاشمي) memba ne na Daular Abbasid da ta zama shugaban  a Iraki a cikin 973/4-975, a ƙarƙashin sarkin Buyid .

## Rayuwa
An haifi Muhammad ibn Salih a Kufa a cikin 905/6 . Ya zo Bagadaza a cikin 928/9, kuma ya auri 'yar shugaban  Abu Umar Muhammad . 

Ya zama  da kansa a Bagadaza, da farko a kan Birnin al-Mansur, sannan a cikin Janairu / Fabrairu 947, a duk Yammacin Bagadaza. An maye gurbinsa a watan Oktoba / Nuwamba na shekara ta 947, an nada shi  na Masar, Falasdinu, da sassan Siriya. 

A cikin 973/4 an nada shi shugaban  a Bagadaza, ya gaji Ibn Ma'ruf, har sai an kore shi a watan Mayu / Yuni na shekara ta 975.  Ya mutu a watan Nuwamba / Disamba 979. 

## Manazarta

## Tushen

*
Masallacin Shaikpet da Sarai

**[[Masallaci]] Shaikpet da Sarai** tsohuwar masallaci ce kuma a sarai (gidan hutawa) a cikin wani yanki mai lalacewa, wanda ke kusa da Golconda a Hyderabad, a cikin Gundumar Hyderabad ta jihar Telangana, Indiya.  Tsohon masallaci da serai an jera su a matsayin abin tunawa da aka kare a jihar.

## Tarihi
_Qutb_Shah" id="mwLQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Abdullah Qutb Shah">Abdullah Qutb Shah ne ya gina shi a cikin 1043  AH  AZ) don amfanin matafiya daban-daban zuwa Golconda kuma yana kan hanyar zuwa Bidar.  Tsarin al'adun gargajiya ne kuma, tun daga shekarar 2018, yana buƙatar sabuntawa. 

## Gine-gine

### Masallaci
Tsohon masallacin yana tsaye a kan wani rectangular plinth. Mataki ya auna mita 37 da 24 (121 da 78 , kuma yana da tsawo na mita 0.91 (3 . Masallacin an gina shi ne daga dutse mai laushi. Gidan yana da ƙofofi uku masu tsayi, kowannensu yana da kimanin mita 4.6 (15  da mita 3.0 (10  a fadin. Sama da ƙofofin akwai ƙungiyar, kusan mita 0.91 (3  tare da, na blue, kore, da rawaya enameled tiles, tare da fararen rubutu. Yawancin teburin sun fadi. Rufin masallacin yana goyan bayan ƙananan gidaje guda uku.

Akwai alamun zane-zane a cikin masallacin. Ganuwar yamma ta ƙunshi bangarori shida na rubutun, waɗanda aka sassaƙa a cikin baƙar fata. Hudu daga cikin wadannan suna dauke da ayoyin Farisa, daya yana dauke da wani sashi daga Alkur'ani, kuma kwamitin karshe ya rubuta ranar da aka gina shi a matsayin 1043 AH (1633/1634CE).

## Saraya
Sarai na da dakuna 30, dakunan dawakai da rakuma, da wani kabari na wani waliyyi Sufaye wanda ba a san shi ba. Zai iya ɗaukar mutane 500. [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need]

## Gidan wasan kwaikwayo

Fayil:Shaikpet_Mosque.png|Shaikpet Mosque
Fayil:Mosque_and_sarai_in_Shaikpet_(1).jpg|Shaikpet mosque and Sarai


## Dubi kuma
 

* Musulunci a Indiya
* Jerin masallatai a Telangana
* Nampally Sarai

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje
Sakatariyar Masallaci

Masallaci **Sakatariyar Masallaci** ne a Hyderabad, a cikin Gundumar Hyderabad ta jihar Telangana, Indiya . 

## Tarihi
Masallatai biyu sun kasance a cikin tsohuwar sakatariyar, mai suna Masjid-e-Hashmi da Masjid Dafatir-e-Mautamadi. Gwamnati ta rushe wadannan masallatai don gina sabon Ginin Sakatariyar.

Don maye gurbin waɗannan masallatai, gwamnati ta ba da sanarwar gina masallaci, wanda ya bazu a fadin  mita 1,300 (1,500 sq yd) a farashin Rs. 2.9 crore. An kafa dutsen tushe a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, 2021.

Za a kaddamar da masallacin a ranar 25 ga watan Agusta, 2023, tare da haikalin da coci;  kuma yana aiki ne a hukumance daga watan Agusta 2023. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Dubi kuma
 

* Musulunci a Indiya
* Jerin masallatai a Hyderabad

## Manazarta
Qazan Khan ibn Yasaur

Qazan (ya mutu a shekara ta 1346) shi ne khan na Chagatai Khanate daga c. 1343 har zuwa rasuwarsa.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Qazan ɗan Yasa'ur ne, yarima Chagatayid wanda ya yi tawaye a cikin 1310s. Bayan ya hau gadon sarauta, ya yi ƙoƙari ya kara ikonsa a cikin ul*Us*. Wadannan matakan sun haifar da fushin manyan mutane, wadanda suka ba da goyon baya a bayan Qara'unas Amir Qazaghan. Su biyu sun tafi yaƙi a shekara ta 1345; Qazan ya ci Qazaghan a yaƙi a arewacin Iron Gates . Da aka ci nasara kuma ya ji rauni, Qazaghan ya janye, amma maimakon ya bi Qazan ya yanke shawarar yin hunturu a fadarsa a Qarshi, ya ba Qazaghana damar sake gina sojojinsa. A shekara mai zuwa Qazaghan ya sake yaƙi da sojojin Qazan kuma a wannan lokacin ya ci su; An kashe Qazan a lokacin yakin.

Mutuwar Qazan ta nuna ƙarshen tasirin ikon gidan Chagatai a cikin Transoxiana (sai dai na ɗan gajeren lokaci daga 1360 har zuwa 1363); amirs sun kwace iko da ul*Us* kuma khans sun yi mulki da suna kawai. Khan na gaba, Danishmandchi, ya kasance ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Qazaghan, wanda ya zama babban jagora na ul*Us*.

## Manazarta

### Bayani
 

### Tushen
Ronald Kingsley Karanta

Ronald Kingsley Read (19 Fabrairu 1887 - Fabrairu 1975) na ɗaya daga cikin masu fafatawa huɗu da aka zaba a 1959 don raba kyautar kuɗi don ƙirar haruffa Shavian, sabon haruffa da aka tsara don rubutun Turanci. A shekara ta 1960, an nada shi kadai mai tsara haruffa.

A farkon shekarun 1960, Read ya samar da mujallar Shaw-script, wanda aka buga ta amfani da haruffa Shavian.

A cikin 1966, bayan gwaji mai zurfi na Shavian tare da masu magana da Ingilishi daga ko'ina cikin duniya, Read ya gabatar da Quikscript, wani nau'i mai mahimmanci na haruffa Shavian. Quikscript, wanda aka fi sani da "Karanta haruffa", yana da ƙarin ligatures fiye da Shavian, wanda ya sa ya fi sauƙi a rubuta da hannu. Bayyanar ta ta fi Shavian.

Bayan 'yan kwanaki kafin mutuwarsa, ya kammala sabon haruffa da ake kira Soundspell (yanzu Readspel; kada a rikita shi da Soundspel), wanda ya dogara, mai yiwuwa don karuwar damar karɓar karɓa, akan Rubutun Latin.

## Manazarta
Ibn Jinni

**Abū l-Fatḥ ʿUthmān ibn Jinnī**, wanda aka fi sani da **Ibn Jinni** (lit. ; 932-1002), masanin harshe ne na Larabci, masanin ilimin lissafi, kuma masanin ilimin sauti na zuriyar Helenanci, sananne ne saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga harshen Larabci. Ayyukansa a cikin Falsafar harshe da ilimin lissafi sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen inganta nazarin ilimin harshe a cikin Larabci. Ayyukansa mafi tasiri, al-Khasā'is ("The Characteristics"), ya zurfafa cikin asalin harshen Larabci, tunani na analog a cikin harshe, da kuma tushen falsafar ka'idar harshe. Gudummawar Ibn Jinni ta fadada nazarin ilimin harshe na Larabci don haɗawa da phonetics da morphophonology, yana nuna ci gaba mai mahimmanci a fagen. Ya yi karatu na tsawon shekaru 40 a karkashin sanannen masanin ilimin lissafi Abu Ali al-Farisi kuma yana da alaƙa da mawaki al-Mutanabbi . Ibn Jinni ya bambanta kansa a matsayin mai sharhi na farko a kan waƙoƙin al-Mutanabbi, ya kafa tushe a cikin nazarin wallafe-wallafen da sukar. Da yake aiki a matsayin malami a kotun Buwayhid, tasirin Ibn Jinni ya wuce ilimi, yana ƙarfafa rawar da ya taka a matsayin babban mutum a ci gaban tunanin harshe na Larabci.

## Sunan
Sunan "**Jinn**" wani nau'i ne na harshen Larabci na sunan Girkanci Gennaios (γενναῖος), ma'ana "mai daraja" ko "na haihuwa mai daraja". Ibn Jinni da kansa ya ambaci an kira mahaifinsa "fāḍilan" (mai daraja) a cikin Girkanci ("bi-l-rūmiyyah"), yana nufin harshen mutanen Byzantine masu magana da Helenanci waɗanda suka bayyana kansu a matsayin , ko Romawa. Gennaios ya kasance bawa ne na Girka wanda Sulayman ibn Fahd, mai kula da Qirwash ibn Muqallid, 'gwamnan Uqaylid na Mosul.  Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa "Jinni" a nan a cikin sunan Ibn Jinni bai kamata a rikita shi da nau'i ɗaya ("jinni") na Jinn gaba ɗaya ba.

## Manazarta