Tsibirin Izu

Tsibirin Izu (伊豆諸島, Izu Shotō; furcin Jafananci: [i. (d) zɯ, i. (d.) zɯ ɕoń.toː] ) rukuni ne na tsibirai masu fashewa da ke kudu da gabas daga Yankin Izu na Honshū, Japan.  A fannin gudanarwa, sun kafa garuruwa biyu da ƙauyuka shida; duk suna cikin yankin Tokyo. Mafi girma shine Izu Ōshima, yawanci ana kiransa kawai Ōshima .

Ko da yake yawanci ana kiransa " tsibirin Bakwai na Izu " (伊豆七島a Jafananci), a haƙiƙa akwai tsibirai da tsibirai fiye da dozin. A halin yanzu ana zaune tara daga cikinsu.

## Geography

 

Tsibiran Izu sun ratsa kudu maso gabas daga Izu Peninsula a kan Honshu kuma sun mamaye yanki kusan    . Akwai tsibirai tara da ke da yawan jama'a 24,645 (   ) ya bazu sama da    . Mafi girma daga cikinsu shine Izu Oshima (mazauna 8,346,    ), mafi ƙanƙanta Toshima (mazauna 292,    .) Daga cikin tsibiran  bakwai ana kiransu da suna "Izu Bakwai": Oshima, Toshima, Niijima, Kozushima, Miyakejima, Hachijojima, da Mikurajima, kodayake Shikinejima da Aogashima wasu lokuta ma. 

A lokacin Edo, Nii-jima, Miyake-jima, da Hachijō-jima sun kasance wuraren gudun hijira na masu laifi.

Tsibirin Ogasawara da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa, waɗanda kuma ke cikin tsarin mulki na Tokyo, sun kwanta gaba da kudu. Sun kafa tsibiri mai nisa sama da talatin (30) tsibirai kusan  saboda kudu na Tokyo.

### Tsibirin

## Bangaren gudanarwa
An raba tsibiran Izu zuwa garuruwa biyu (Oshima da Hachijojima) da ƙauyuka shida (sauran tsibiran da ke zama.) An kafa gundumomi uku a sama da gundumomi a matsayin ofisoshin reshe na gwamnatin birni . Duk tsibiran (fiye da dozin a duka) suna kwance a cikin Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park . Ba a gudanar da tsibiran na kudanci huɗu a ƙarƙashin kowane gari ko ƙauye a cikin Hachijō Subprefecture, amma yankuna ne da ba a haɗa Torishima yanzu ba kowa, amma yana da muhimmiyar mafakar tsuntsaye.

Tsibiran da ba kowa a tsakanin Aogashima da Tsibirin Ogasawara, wato Bayonaise Rocks ( *Beyonēzu Retsugan* ), Smith Island ( *Sumisu-tō* ), Torishima, da Matar Lot ( *Sōfu-iwa* ) ba sa cikin kowace karamar hukuma, domin duka Garin Hachijō da Kauyen Aogashima suna da'awar haƙƙin gudanarwa. Hachijo Subprefecture ne ke sarrafa su kai tsaye maimakon.

## Alkaluma
Ko da yake yawan jama'a a tsibirin Izu yana raguwa, tafiyar ba ta da ban mamaki fiye da sauran tsibiran Japan da ke keɓe. 

Ana magana da yaren Hachijo daban-daban a tsibirin.

## Kayan aiki

Masana'antu na farko sune kamun kifi, noma, da yawon buɗe ido. Mafi kyawun wuraren da ke tsibirin suna cike da masu yawon bude ido a lokacin bazara. Shahararrun ayyukan yawon buɗe ido sun haɗa da ninkaya, nutsewar ruwa, hawan igiyar ruwa, kamun kifi, kallon tsuntsaye da kuma tafiya. 

Harkokin sufuri tsakanin tsibiran, ta jiragen ruwa-fasinjoji, jetfoils, da jirgin sama, ana tallafawa ta hanyar tashar jiragen ruwa a duk tsibiran da ke zaune da filayen jiragen sama biyar (ana iya isa ga kananan tsibiran ta helikwafta). Akwai filayen jirgin sama 5, tashar jiragen ruwa 15, da tashoshin kamun kifi 19. Jiragen sama daga Tokyo suna ɗaukar mintuna 30, yayin da jiragen ruwa ke ɗaukar sa'o'i 7-10 kuma jetfoils suna yin hanya cikin kusan awanni biyu. Ana ɗaukar sufuri a tsibirin yana da mahimmanci ga ingancin rayuwa, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa kusan  na manyan tituna da aka gina don hidimar ababen hawa iri-iri.

Babu wutar lantarki a tsibirin kafin 1953, amma a shekarar 1962 kashi 98% na yankin na samun wutar lantarki. Tsibiran sun mamaye arewacin yankin Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc wanda ya wuce zuwa yankin Izu Peninsula da Dutsen Fuji a babban yankin Honshū wadanda ke arewa da tsaunukan Izu. Izu baka yana ƙarewa a wurin mahaɗar tectonic sau uku .

Ayyukan volcanic ya kasance akai-akai a yankin.  An kashe mutane 31 a lokacin da jirgin ruwan bincike *Kaiyō Maru no 5* ya lalace a lokacin fashewar Myōjin-shọ na 1953. Ayyukan aman wuta, gami da fitar da iskar gas masu cutarwa, ya tilastawa kwashe Miyake-jima a shekara ta 2000. An ba wa mazauna tsibirin damar komawa tsibirin na dindindin a watan Fabrairun 2005 amma an buƙaci su ɗauki abin rufe fuska na iskar gas idan akwai hayaƙi mai aman wuta a nan gaba. Don magance nau'o'in bala'o'i daban-daban da ke barazana ga yankin, ciki har da tsunamis, hadari, ambaliya, da volcanism, gwamnatin birnin Tokyo ta ɓullo da matakan rigakafi da kariya, ciki har da taswirar haɗari da jagorar fitarwa, rediyo, alamu, da tsarin sufuri don samar da kayan gaggawa.

## Ilimin halittu
Sarkar tsibiran volcanic, Izu Archipelago tsibiran teku ne da suka kafa kwanan nan (a cikin ƴan shekaru miliyan) ba tare da wata alaƙa da ta gabata da ƙasar Japan ba. Sabanin tsibiran Pasifik da ke keɓance, irin su Hawaii da Galápagos, tsibiran Izu suna kusa da babban yankin kuma don haka jinsuna daban-daban suka yi ta mamaye su akai-akai ta hanyar tarwatsa ƙasashen waje daga babban yankin ko kuma daga tsibiran da ke kusa da su. Wannan yana ba su sha'awa ga nazarin nazarin halittu da tsarin juyin halitta . 

*Campanula* (Bellflower) ya mamaye dukan tsibirai a cikin wani abu guda. Hakazalika, katantanwa na *Euhadra*, wanda ke da alaƙa da Japan, sun mamaye tsibiran a cikin wani abu guda kuma duk mutane a tsibiran da suke zaune suna da irin wannan yanayin . Berayen *Apodemus*, a gefe guda, sun mamaye tsibiran daga babban yankin a cikin wasu abubuwa biyu masu zaman kansu. 

## Tarihi

* 680 - An kafa lardin Izu ta hanyar rabuwa da lardin Suruga . A lokacin, tsibiran Izu na Kamo-gun ne. 
* Karni na 12 kuma mai yiyuwa a baya - an yi amfani da shi azaman ƙauyuka masu laifi na Japan. 
* 1643 - Explorer Maarten Gerritsz Vries ya kira ta *De Vries Archipelago* 
* Nuwamba 14, 1871 (Disamba 25, 1871) --- Saboda haɗin kai na farko, sun kasance ƙarƙashin ikon gundumar Ashigara. 
* 1876 (Meiji 9), Afrilu 18 - Saboda haɗin kai na biyu, sun zo ƙarƙashin ikon Shizuoka Prefecture . 
* 1878 (Meiji 11), Janairu 11 - sun zo ƙarƙashin ikon lardin Tokyo 

## Manazarta