Matsalar kiwon lafiya

Rikicin kiwon lafiya shine tsarin kiwon lafiya na gaggawa ko rikitarwa wanda ke shafar jama'a a cikin yanki ɗaya ko fiye daga wani yanki don mamaye dukan duniya. Matsalar kiwon lafiya gabaɗaya tana da tasiri sosai ga lafiyar al'umma, asarar rai, da kuma tattalin arziki. Suna iya haifar da cututtuka, hanyoyin masana'antu ko manufofi marasa kyau.[1][2]

Sau da yawa ana auna tsananin ta ta hanyar yawan mutanen da ke fama da girman ƙasa, ko Cutar ko mutuwar tsarin cututtukan da ya samo asali.

## Abubuwan da ke ciki
Gabaɗaya akwai mahimman abubuwa uku a cikin rikice-rikicen kiwon lafiya: 

* Matsalar kiwon lafiyar jama'a 
* Matsalar lafiya
* Kula da ƙararrawa: Rashin sadarwa game da haɗari ga yawan jama'a wanda ke haifar da rikice-rikicen zamantakewa.

### Nau'o'in

* Muhalli
* Abinci
* Mai guba

## Rigakafi da Kulawa

* Yin amfani da **Tsarin gargadi na kiwon lafiya**. Ana buƙatar tsarin kiwon lafiya wanda ke amsa bukatun yawan jama'a don tsaftace kayan aiki don tabbatar da isasshen shiri kafin a haife su.
* **Bayyanawa na cibiyoyin** jama'a ko masu zaman kansu. Ra'ayi game da rikicin na iya tserewa daga ikon masana ko cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya, kuma masu ruwa da tsaki sun ƙaddara su don samar da mafita da ke yadawa ko damuwa. Wannan yana buƙatar daidaitawa mai wuya game da buƙatar bayyana amsoshi masu bayyane da tsoro mara tushe.
* Ka'idojin isasshen bayanai. Rashin hankali yana tasowa lokacin da aka karkatar da bayanai, ko ɓoye. Fuskar matsalar kiwon lafiya ta ƙunshi: girmamawa ga al'umma, daidaita ƙungiyoyi da kuma ma'aikata tare da nauyin kimiyya ga mutane da kafofin watsa labarai, waɗanda suka yi aiki a matsayin mai magana da yawun a cikin yanayin haɗarin lafiyar jama'a, don samun amincewar 'yan ƙasa. Ikon fasaha na masu sana'a na kiwon lafiya ya fi tabbatarwa fiye da jami'an gwamnati, wanda ke nuna babban rabo daga tsohon da kuma ingantaccen horo na na biyu.
* **Bincika rikicin da ya gabata** ko wasu abubuwan da suka faru. Rikicin ƙalubale ne da dole ne a koya daga kuskuren da nasarori, tunda suna aiki don kawowa ga na'urorin da inganta martani ga wasu rikicin. Yana da mahimmanci a yi bincike game da martani na baya, haɗarin binciken da rauni, bincike da gwaji, da kuma motsa jiki don shirya kansu game da rikice-rikicen nan gaba.
* Samun **Manufofin**: "na farko, don rage tasirin rashin lafiya da mutuwa, kuma na biyu, don kauce wa rushewar zamantakewa".
* Shirya **Shirye-shiryen gaggawa**. Shirye-shiryen shine mabuɗin rikicin saboda yana ba da damar amsa mai ƙarfi, tsari, da kuma tushen kimiyya. Shirye-shiryen aiki dole ne su hadu da kwararru da wuri kuma an horar da su yadda ya kamata, kuma dole ne 'yan siyasa su kasance daidai a cikin ayyukansu kuma su daidaita duk albarkatun da ke akwai. Yana da mahimmanci a saka hannun jari a cikin albarkatun kiwon lafiya na jama'a don shirya matakan rigakafi da rage rashin daidaito na kiwon lafiya don rage tasirin rikicin kiwon lafiya, kamar yadda yawanci suke shan wahala mafi yawa.
* Yana da mahimmanci a haɗa dukkan ayyukan kiwon lafiya musamman kula da kiwon lafiya na farko (masu kiwon lafiya, likitocin magunguna, da dai sauransu), kamar yadda sau da yawa waɗannan likitocin ne ke kan gaba a cikin rikice-rikicen kiwon lafiya.

## Misalan

* 2024: Yunwa ta Gaza  

## Dubi kuma

* Lafiyar Duniya
* Manufofin kiwon lafiya
* Ka'idar rikicin
* Cutar cututtuka
* Gudanar da kiwon lafiya
* Kula da lafiya
* Manufofin kiwon lafiya
* Dokar kiwon lafiya
* Magunguna
* Kula da lafiya na farko
* Matsakaicin sakamakon kiwon lafiya na yau da kullun
* Thalidomide
* Kula da lafiyar duniya

## Manazarta

## Bayanan littattafai

* Bashir SA. Gida ita ce inda cutar take: Rashin isasshen gidaje a matsayin matsalar kiwon lafiya ta jama'a. Jaridar Lafiya ta Jama'a ta Amurka. 2002; 92(5):733-8.
* Gross J. Rikicin Lafiya na Jama'a na gaba: Tsawon Rayuwa. Jaridar New York Times. 2010/10/21.
* Navarro V. Spain tana fuskantar lokacin rikicin zamantakewa mai tsanani. Jaridar Social Europe. 12/11/2012. 

## Haɗin waje

* CDCynergy  An adana shi 2011-10-15 a 
* WHO: Ayyukan Kiwon Lafiya na Jama'a
* Rikicin Lafiya na Amurka