Dokar BREATHE

**Dokar BREATHE** wani tsari ne na lissafin tarayya, wanda Shirin Adalci na Zabe na Movement for Black Lives ya gabatar. Kudin ya ba da shawarar fitar da kudaden masu biyan haraji daga aikin 'yan sanda da saka hannun jari a wasu hanyoyin da suka shafi tsaro na jama'a.

Zakarun lissafin sun hada da Ayanna Pressley, Wakilin Democrat na Gundumar majalisa ta 7 ta Massachusetts da Rashida Tlaib, Wakilin Democratic na gundumar 13 ta Michigan. Tlaib ya ce a cikin bayyanar da aka yi game da Dokar BREATHE tare da Movement for Black Lives cewa "Al'ummominmu a cikin 13th da ni sun himmatu ga cikakken shiga cikin wannan doka da gaske kuma tare da gaggawa".

## Tarihi
Shirin dokar ya riga ya wuce kashe 'yan Black Amurkawa da fararen 'yan sanda a cikin 2020, ciki har da George Floyd da Breonna Taylor, da kuma wasu da yawa ciki har da Tony McDade, Natasha McKenna, Aiyana Stanley-Jones, Elijah McClain, Pearlie Golden, Kayla Moore, Freddie Gray, Atatiana Jefferson, da Oscar Grant. An bayyana lissafin ne a ranar 7 ga Yuli, 2020, yayin da zanga-zangar da tashin hankali game da cin zarafin 'yan sanda ke faruwa a duk faɗin ƙasar.

Shirin Adalci na Zabe, wani aikin Movement for Black Lives, ya tsara Dokar BREATHE don mayar da martani ga kashe-kashen 'yan sanda na baƙar fata a Amurka. An sanya sunan lissafin ne bayan kalmar, "Ba zan iya numfashi ba", taken Black Lives Matter da ke da alaƙa da yawancin 'yan Afirka na Afirka waɗanda suka faɗi wannan magana sau da yawa kafin su mutu a hannun jami'an 'yan sanda.

Masu shirya Dokar BREATHE sun yi amfani da karfin da aka samu daga zanga-zangar bazara ta 2020 da kuma canji mai mahimmanci a cikin ra'ayin jama'a don tura canjin manufofi a matakin gwamnatin tarayya. "Mun kirkiro wannan lissafin ya zama babba," Gina Clayton Johnson, ɗaya daga cikin masu kirkirarsa kuma babban darektan Essie Justice Group, ya ce a lokacin wani taron sanarwar kai tsaye, "saboda mun san cewa mafita dole ne ta kasance babba kamar matsalar shekaru 400 kanta. "

## Yanayin siyasa
Bayan kashe-kashen da aka yi wa baƙar fata na Amurkawa a hannun jami'an 'yan sanda, musamman kisan George Floyd da harbi Breonna Taylor, jerin zanga-zangar sun fara yaduwa a duk faɗin ƙasar. A mayar da martani ga waɗannan zanga-zangar, kuma Movement for Black Lives (M4BL) ya yi kira ga jerin ayyukan Juneteenth. A ranar 6 ga watan Yulin, bayan Ranar Independence kuma a kan makonni na zanga-zangar da aka ci gaba, M4BL ta bayyana Dokar BREATHE a matsayin shigar majalisa bisa ga hangen nesa don Black Lives.

A watan Yulin 2020, a gaban Yarjejeniyar Kasa ta Democrat, Patrisse Cullors, wanda ya kafa Black Lives Matter, ya yi magana a taron dandalin jam'iyyar Democrat. Cullors ya yi kira ga jam'iyyar don kin amincewa da gyare-gyaren dandamali wanda ya hada da shari'ar aikata laifuka, 'yan sanda, da sake fasalin tsarin shari'a. Ta yi kira ga 'yan Democrat da su goyi bayan Dokar BREATHE, tana cewa "ba tare da sauye-sauyen teku ba da ƙungiyarmu ta ba da shawarar ga dandalin Democrat na 2020, duk wani da'awar da aka yi wa aikinmu don yaƙi da 'yancin Black ba kome ba ne. " Daga baya a watan Agusta, a lokacin Yarjejeniyar Kasa ta Democrat, sanannun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ciki har da Jane Fonda da Kendrick Sampson, sun saki bidiyon da ke karanta gyare-gyaren da aka ƙi kuma sun yi kira da a kara su a dandalin DNC.

A ranar 28 ga watan Agusta, 2020, Movement for Black Lives ta dauki bakuncin taron Black National Convention na farko wanda ke da niyyar gabatar da " hangen nesa ga Black Lives kafin babban zaben zamaninmu, kuma bayan haka. "  Taron, kira ga Yarjejeniyar Black Political ta Kasa ta 1962, ya gabatar da watsa shirye-shiryen kama-shirye na sa'o'i da yawa wanda ke nuna masu gwagwarmaya kamar Tarana Burke, Brittany Packnett Cunningham, kuma Pose star Angelica Ross ta shirya shi. A lokacin taron, an gabatar da Dokar BREATHE a matsayin mafita ta manufofi don saduwa da lokacin magance batutuwan kamar zalunci na 'yan sanda, bala'in yanayi, da kuma biyan diyya.

## Shirye-shiryen
Dokar BREATHE wata doka ce da ke magance zalunci da rashin adalci na 'yan sanda ta hanyar ba da shawara ga sauye-sauye da yawa. Dokar ta kasu kashi 4, wanda ke kira ga wadannan: 

* *Sashe na 1*: Kashe albarkatun tarayya daga ɗaurin kurkuku da 'yan sanda da kuma kawo karshen cutar da tsarin shari'a na aikata laifuka
* *Sashe na 2*: Zuba jari a cikin sabbin hanyoyin kare lafiyar al'umma ta amfani da tallafin kuɗi
* *Sashe na 3*: Rarraba sabbin kudi don gina al'ummomi masu lafiya, masu ɗorewa da daidaito ga dukkan mutane
* *Sashe na 4*: Gudanar da shugabannin siyasa da alhakin da kuma inganta ikon cin gashin kansu na al'ummomin baƙar fata

Kudin, a wani bangare, zai "yiye" albarkatun tarayya daga ɗaurin kurkuku da 'yan sanda, ya kafa canje-canje ga tsare-tsare kafin a yi shari'a, yanke hukunci da gurfanar da shi, da kuma rage kasafin kudin Ma'aikatar Tsaro. Zai kafa shirin dakile makwabta wanda zai tattara da lalata kayan aikin soja da hukumomin tilasta bin doka ke gudanarwa kamar motocin makamai.

Kudin kuma zai kawo karshen hukuncin rai da rai, ya soke dokokin da aka tilasta wa mafi ƙarancin hukunci kuma ya kirkiro takamaiman jadawalin lokaci don rufe gidajen kurkuku na tarayya da cibiyoyin tsare shige da fICE. Wasu daga cikin shawarwari a cikin lissafin, kamar shirin soke ICE, piggyback a kan irin wannan kira tun daga shekarar 2018.

Dokar BREATHE mafi shahara daga kokarin sake fasalin da ta gabata ita ce bukatar da ta yi a bayyane cewa Majalisa ta soke Dokar Kula da Laifuka da Dokar Tilasta Shari'a ta 1994, wanda aka fi sani da "labaran aikata laifuka".   Misali, Dokar BREATHE za ta soke "dokar hare-hare uku", wanda, lokacin da ya wuce a 1994, an gan shi a matsayin doka da za ta hana maimaita ayyukan aikata laifuka, kuma ta hana amfani da taser na zamani, wanda kamfani mai zaman kansa ya kirkira a cikin shekarun 1990 kuma daga baya aka tallata shi azaman hanyar hana kashe-kashen 'yan sanda a matsayin madadin bindigogi. Masu goyon bayan lissafin suna jayayya cewa waɗannan ayyuka da manufofi sun kasance masu lahani da haɗari.

## Manazarta