Muhallin Ruwan Sulfur

**Ruwan**, sulfur, (ko **ruwan sulfur** ) wani yanayi ne inda ruwa ke fallasa ga iskar hydrogen sulfide, yana ba da wari na "ruɓaɓɓen kwai". Wannan yanayin yana da dalilai daban-daban a al'ada wanda ya bambanta ga, lafiya da kuma tasiri ga aikin famfo.

## Abubuwan sinadaran
Ana yin Ruwan sulfur ne daga narkar da ma'adanai waɗanda ke ɗauke da sulfate. Waɗannan sun haɗa da baryte (BaSO 4 ), epsomite (MgSO 4 7H 2 O) da gypsum (CaSO 4 2H 2 0).  An ba da rahoton cewa ana samun gagarumin canji na ɗanɗanon ruwa daban da nau'in sulfate da ke shafar ruwa. Don sodium sulfate, kimanin  250 zuwa 500&nbsp;mg/lita, tare da calcium sulfate a 250 zuwa 1000&nbsp;MG / lita da magnesium sulfate a 400 zuwa 600&nbsp;mg/lita. Wani bincike da Zoeteman ya yi ya gano cewa samun 270&nbsp;MG na calcium sulfate da 90&nbsp;MG na magnesium sulfate a zahiri ya inganta dandano na ruwa.

## Lafiya
Yin wanka a cikin ruwa mai yawan sulfur ko wasu ma'adanai don amfanin lafiyar da ake tsammani ana kiransa da balneotherapy . Wadannan an ce suna ba wa mutum wanka a cikin ruwa "kyakkyawan da ba ya tsufa" da kuma rage raďaďi.

Duk da yake mutane sun sami damar daidaitawa zuwa matakan da suka fi girma tare da lokaci, wasu kuma tasirin shan ruwa na sulfur sun gano cewa suna da tasirin tasiri akan mutanen da ke cinye ruwa tare da adadin sulfate na 600.&nbsp;mg/lita bisa ga wani bincike daga Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Amurka a shekarata 1962. Wasu illolin da aka samu sun haɗa da rashin ruwa, tare da yawan adadin sodium ko magnesium sulfate a cikin abincin mutane bisa ga wani bincike a shekarata 1980, tare da wasu mutane, kamar yara da tsofaffi, ana ganin su a matsayin haɗari mafi girma a rayuwarsu.

An gudanar da bincike a Arewacin Dakota Amurka don gano ko akwai dalilin da zai haifar da lahani kai tsaye daga samun sulfur a cikin ruwan sha. 

Daga wannan bayanan, an tabbatar da cewa ruwa ya ƙunshi fiye da 750&nbsp;MG na sulfate a kowace lita ya kasance saboda tasirin laxative, kuma ƙasa da 600 bai kasance ba. 

### Damuwa
A cewar Hukumar Kare Muhalli (EPA) da Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka (CDC), shan ruwa tare da yawan sinadarin sulfate na iya haifar da gudawa, musamman ga jarirai. 

## Abubuwan al'adu

### Noma

A Jami'ar Wyoming a Amurka, an yi nazarin ruwa na sulfur don ganin tasirin da zai iya haifar da aikin tuƙi da ke kan ab abinci. Saboda sulfur kasancewar abin da ake bukata ga abubuwa masu rai, kamar yadda ya ƙunshi muhimman amino acid waɗanda ake amfani da su don ƙirƙirar sunadaran, ruwan sulfur, wanda galibi ana samunsa a Yammacin Amurka, shine babban mai ba da gudummawa ga sulfur a cikin abincin garke. Duk da haka, tare da garke shan ruwa mai yawa na sulfur, ruminants na iya yin kwangilar sulfur induced polioencephalomalacia (sPEM), wanda ke da ciwon jijiya. Saboda wannan binciken, binciken yayi ƙoƙarin cimma burin nemo wani ƙarin abinci wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don magance mummunan tasirin lafiya akan tuƙi.

Don rage yawan sulfur a cikin abincin da ake ci, ƙwayoyin cuta na ruminal suna rushe abin da ya wuce, wanda ya haifar da Hydrogen Sulfide, wanda ke narkewa a cikin ruwa, amma yayin da zafin jiki ya karu, solubility yana raguwa, wanda zai haifar da iskar hydrogen sulfide da dabba ta sake dawowa. haifar da sulfur induced polioencephalomalacia. Binciken ya yi ƙoƙari ya warware wannan batu ta hanyar gabatar da clinoptilolite zuwa abincin garke, amma ya sami shaidar da ba ta dace ba wanda ke buƙatar ƙarin nazarin tasirin clinoptilolite akan methanogenesis da biohydrogenation.

### Sulfur Springs
→ Mineral Spring

Hakanan an yi imanin cewa akwai fa'idodi masu yawa na kiwon lafiya a cikin ruwan sulfur, tare da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na sulfur abu ne na gama gari a cikin al'adu da yawa. Ana iya samun irin waɗannan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa a ƙasashe da yawa kamar New Zealand, Japan da Girka. Waɗannan maɓuɓɓugan sulfur galibi ana ƙirƙira su ne saboda ayyukan volcanic na gida wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga dumama tsarin ruwa na kusa. Hakan ya faru ne saboda aman wuta da ke fitar da tururin ruwa da ke lullube cikin karafa, tare da sulfur dioxide daya daga cikinsu.

A cikin New Zealand, Tsibirin Arewa ya shahara a cikin shekarata 1800s, tare da dumama baho daga wani dutse mai aman wuta kusa da garin Rotorua . Akwai wuraren tafki masu zafi guda kimanin 28 waɗanda baƙi za su iya jiƙa da kansu tare da baho na sulfur.

Wani sanannen marmaro shi ne maɓuɓɓugan ruwa a ƙasar Girka, Thermopylae, wanda ke nufin " maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi" 

## Dalili da magani
Yanayin yana nuna babban matakin ƙwayoyin cuta masu rage sulfate a cikin ruwa. Wannan na iya kasancewa saboda amfani da ruwan rijiyar, ruwan birni mara kyau, ko gurɓatar ruwan dumama.

Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban don magance sulfur a cikin ruwa. Waɗannan hanyoyin sun haɗa da

# Tace ruwa ta amfani da matatar carbon (mai amfani ga ƙaramin adadin hydrogen sulfide)
# Tace ruwan ta cikin gwangwani na manganese oxide mai rufi kore
# Aeration na ruwa
# Chlorination na ruwa (ana iya amfani dashi don magance yawan adadin hydrogen sulfide)

## Matakan sulfur a cikin ruwa a duniya
Tsarin Kula da Muhalli na Duniya don Ruwan Ruwa (GEMS/Ruwa) ya ce ruwan da aka saba da shi yana ɗaukar kusan 20.&nbsp;MG / lita na sulfur, kuma zai iya bambanta daga 0 zuwa 630&nbsp;MG / lita a cikin koguna, 2 zuwa 250&nbsp;MG / lita a cikin tabkuna da 0 zuwa 230&nbsp;mg/lita a cikin ruwan karkashin kasa . 

An gano ruwan sama na Kanada yana da adadin sulfate na 1.0 da 3.8&nbsp;mg/L a cikin shekarata 1980, wanda aka samo a cikin binciken da Franklin ya buga a 1985.  Yammacin Kanada a cikin koguna sun kasance daga 1 zuwa 3040&nbsp;MG/lita, tare da mafi yawan taro kasa da 580&nbsp;mg/lita bisa ga sakamakon muhallin Kanada a  shekarata 1984. Kanada ta Tsakiya tana da matakan da suma sun yi girma a Saskatchewan, akwai matsakaicin matakan 368&nbsp;mg/lita a cikin ruwan sha daga kayan ruwa na ƙasa, da 97&nbsp;MG/lita a cikin kayan ruwa na saman, tare da kewayon 32170&nbsp;mg/lita.

Wani bincike da aka gudanar a Kanada  ya gano cewa a zahiri maganin rage sulfur a cikin ruwan sha ya karu. An gudanar da wannan a cikin Ontario, wanda ke da ma'anar sulfur matakin 12.5&nbsp;MG / lita lokacin da ba a kula da shi ba, kuma 22.5&nbsp;mg / lita bayan magani.

Netherlands tana da ƙasa da 150&nbsp;MG/lita yawan ruwa na sulfur a cikin samar da ruwa na karkashin kasa. Kashi 65% na masana'antar sarrafa ruwa sun ruwaito cewa matakin sulfur na ruwan sha ya kasance ƙasa da 25&nbsp;mg/lita, kamar yadda aka samo a cikin binciken Dijk-Looijaard & Fonds a shekarata 1985. 

Amurka tana da Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a a cikin shekarata 1970 don auna matakan sulfate a tushen ruwan sha a yankuna daban-daban guda tara. Sakamakon ya tabbatar da cewa dukkan kayayyakin ruwan saman sama 106 da aka zayyana suna da sulfate, da kuma 645 daga cikin 658 da aka yi gwajin. Matakan sulfur da aka samo sun kasance daga ƙasa da 1&nbsp;MG / lita zuwa 770.

## Muhalli
Saboda sulfates da ake amfani da su a cikin samfuran masana'antu, galibi ana fitar da su cikin ruwa a cikin muhalli. Wannan ya haɗa da ma'adinai, masana'anta da sauran hanyoyin masana'antu waɗanda suka haɗa da amfani da sulfates. Sulfates, irin su magnesium, potassium da sodium duk suna narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa, wanda shine abin da ke haifar da ruwan sulfur, yayin da sauran sulfates waɗanda suke da ƙarfe, kamar calcium da barium ba su da narkewa. Sulfur dioxide na yanayi, kuma yana iya cutar da ruwa mai zurfi, kuma sulfur trioxide zai iya haɗuwa da tururin ruwa a cikin iska, kuma ya haifar fa irin wannan Ruwan Na sufates, ko abin da ake kira ruwan sama na acid. 

## Manazarta

* Hydrogen sulfide a cikin ruwan sha
* Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka, Ofishin Ruwan Sha da Ruwan Qasa, Tasirin *[https://web.archive.org/web/20150224231733/http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw/contaminants/unregulated/pdfs/study_sulfate_epa-cdc.pdf Lafiya Daga Bayyanawa zuwa Manyan Sulfate a Nazarin Ruwan Sha]*, Janairu 1999