open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Hala Elkoussy

**Hala Elkoussy** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1974)  'yar wasan Masar ce kuma darektar fina-finai.

An haifi Elkoussy a birnin Alkahira a shekara ta 1974.  

Ta sami lambar yabo ta Abraaj Capital Art Prize a Dubai a shekarar 2010.  Fim ɗinta na farko, *Cactus Flower*, an sake shi a cikin shekarar 2017.    

Ana gudanar da aikinta a cikin tarin Tate Museum, London,  da Art Jameel, Saudi Arabia. 

## Manazarta
Leon Schuster

**Leon Ernest "Schuks" Schuster** (an haife shi ranar 21 ga watan Mayu 1951) ɗan fim ne na Afirka ta Kudu, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma mawaƙi.

## Rayuwa ta farko

**Schuster** ya shiga aikin fim tun yana ƙarami. Yayinda yake yaro shi da ɗan'uwansa za su yi wasa da iyalinsa kuma su yi fim. Ya bayyana, a cikin wata hira ta shekarar 2010 cewa game da rayuwarsa ta farko a **Bloemfontein**, "Na tuna da gudu a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ritz, ina wasa da cowboys & crooks, wanda duk ya kasance fushi a lokacin. Na kuma tuna da ƙaunar Laurel da Hardy, Charlie Chaplin da Three Stooges. Kullum ina yin abubuwa, kuma ina janyewa. Na kasance ina yaudarar kakata cikin tunanin cewa na harbe kaina a ƙafa tare da bindiga... Sauce na tumatir a ko'ina, ina kuka kamar alade na daji.  waje kawai a cikin yyanayina ne, amma ban taɓa tunanin zan zama tauraron fim ba... a'a, ni ba ttauraron fim bane, ni kawai ƴan gida ne wanda ke son nishadantar da mutane.

## Fina-finai

## Manazarta
Harshen Andaqui

**Andaqui** (ko **Andaki** ) yare ne da batattu daga tsaunukan kudancin Colombia . An haɗa shi da harsunan Paezan ko Barbacoan, amma ba a nuna haɗin kai ba. Mutanen Andaqui na Colombia ne suka yi magana .

## Tuntuɓar harshe
Jolkesky (2016) ya lura cewa akwai kamancen kalmomi tare da Paez, Chibcha (kuma Rivet 1924  ya gabatar da shi), da Tinigua-Pamigua saboda lamba. 

## Iri
Sauran nau'ikan da ba a tantance su ba mai yiwuwa masu alaƙa da Andaqui waɗanda Loukotka ya jera (1968): 

* **Timaná** - sau ɗaya ana magana akan Kogin Magdalena da Kogin Guarapas a kusa da birnin Timaná .
* **Yalcon** / **Cambi** - an taɓa magana tsakanin Kogin Magdalena da Kogin La Plata .

## Kalmomi
Loukotka (1968) ya lissafo mahimman abubuwan ƙamus. 

## Duba kuma

* Harsunan Macro-Paesan

## Kara karantawa

* Coronas Urzua, G. (1994). Analisis Fonológico de la lengua Andaquí. Revista de Filología y Lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica, 20:69-98.
* Coronas Urzua, G. (1995). El lexico de la lengua andaquí. Revista de Filología y Lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica, 21:79-113.

## Manazarta
Mo Ali

**Mo Ali** (Somali , : محمد علي) darektan fina-finai ne da talabijin na Somaliya-Birtaniya.

## Tarihin rayuwa
 
An haifi Ali ne a Saudi Arabia . 

fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2010, inda ya fara zama darektan fim din Shank, Landan aka kafa a cikin London mai ban sha'awa.

Ali wani lokacin yana rikicewa da ɗayan Mo Ali, marubuci kuma mai zane wanda aka nuna a cikin shirin Lint the Movie, wani shirin fim na 2011 game da marubucin almara na kimiyya kuma masanin falsafa Jeff Lint . 

Ya ba da umarnin toshe na biyu na jerin COBRA 2 tare da Robert Carlisle da Victoria Hamilton don New Pictures da Sky kuma a halin yanzu yana cikin shirye-shiryen samarwa a kan sabon jerin PILOT SKIES tare da Idris Elba.  "Mo Ali". *mai baiwa mai zaman kansa*. Independent Talent Group Ltd.. An samo shi a ranar 4 ga Janairu 2024.

## Hotunan fina-finai

* *Shank* (2010) 
* *Montana* (2014) 
* *Somaliland: Shirin* Bayani (2018) 
* *Zuwa numfashi* (2021) 
* *COBRA* (2021, 2 episodes) 
* Hijack (2023, 2 episodes) 

## Duba  kuma

* Fim na Somaliya

## Manazarta
Said Salah Ahmed

**Sailad ğ Ahhmed** (Somali , : سعيد صالح أحمد) marubucin wasan kwaikwayo ne na Somaliya, mawaki, malami kuma mai shirya fina-finai.

## Rayuwa
Said Salah a baya malamin ilmin halitta ne a Somaliya . cikin 1984-1985, Ahmed ya ba da umarnin fim dinsa na farko, The Somali Darwish (alt. The Somalia Dervishes), tare da Amar Sneh yana aiki a matsayin furodusa. TareTare da kasafin kuɗi na dala miliyan 1.8, an sadaukar da sa'o'i 4 da minti 40 ga mulkin sarki Darawiish Diiriye Guure, watau Ƙungiyar Dervish. A cikin tattaunawar fim ɗin zaka iya jin harsuna bakwai: Somaliya, Larabci, Italiyanci, Turanci, da yarukan yanki guda uku. Fim din "hada da ainihin zuriyar sarkin Diiriye Guure, Mohammed Abdullah Hassan a matsayin tauraronta, Sheikh Osman Mohamoud Omar, kuma ya nuna daruruwan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da karin.

Bayan farawar yakin basasa, Ahmed ya yi hijira zuwa Minnesota. Daga baya ya rubuta littafin yara The Lion's Share, wanda ya zama tushen wasan kwaikwayo na Somali wanda ya rubuta kuma ya samar da shi don Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na SteppingStone .  Wasu daga cikin waƙoƙinsa  fassara su zuwa Turanci ta Cibiyar Fassara ta Waƙoƙi.

## Manazarta
Yaren Kwanyama

**Kwanyama** ko **Cuanhama** yare ne na Angola da Namibia . Yaren da aka daidaita shi ne da yaren Ovambo, kuma yana da fahimtar juna tare da Oshindonga, ɗayan yaren Ovamb tare da daidaitattun rubuce-rubuce.

An fassara dukan Littafi Mai-Tsarki na Kirista zuwa Kwanyama kuma an fara buga shi a 1974 a ƙarƙashin sunan *Ombibeli* ta Kungiyar Littafi Mai-Msarki ta Afirka ta Kudu.  Shaidun Jehobah sun fitar  fassarar zamani na Sabon Alkawari, Sabon Fassarar Duniya na Nassus ɗin Helenanci na Kirista a cikin Kwanyama a cikin 2019, duka bugawa da na lantarki a kan layi.

## Fasahar sauti

/t/ da /d/ suna nunawa lokacin da sautin gaba /i/ ya biyo baya. Sauti /s/ na iya faruwa ne kawai a cikin kalmomin aro

## Manazarta


## Bayanan littattafai

*  
*  
*
Juan Pablo Ebang Esono

**Juan Pablo Ebang Esono** (an haife shi 30 ga watan Yuni 1981) darektan fina-finan Equatoguine ne.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Esono a Malabo, babban birnin Equatorial Guinea a shekara ta 1981. Ya yi karatu a Nucine academy of Valencia, inda ya sami digiri a Cinematographic Directing. Esono ya shirya gajeriyar fim ɗinsa na farko, *No Esta Desnuda*, a cikin watan  Janairu 2007. Ya karɓi kyautar a matsayin mafi kyawun ɗan gajeren fim a cikin Bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na 3 don Haɗin kai a Valencia (International Film Festival for Integration in Valencia). 

A cikin shekarar 2010, Esono ya ba da umarni *[[Teresa (2010 film)|Teresa]]*, fim ɗin matsakaicin matsakaici na farko da za a yi a Equatorial Guinea. Laburaren ƙasa na Equatorial Guinea ne ya shirya shirin, shirin ya shafi rayuwar abokai matasa uku masu buƙatu daban-daban, ciki har da mai suna Teresa. Ya dogara ne akan abubuwan da suka faru na gaskiya. Bayan shirya fim ɗin, Esono ya jagoranci azuzuwan fina-finai a garuruwa da larduna da dama na ƙasarsa a madadin National Library.  Moviepilot.de ya naɗa shi mafi kyawun fim daga Equatorial Guinea. 

Esono ya jagoranci gajeren fim ɗin *La familia* a cikin shekarar 2011. Ya samu "Le grand Prix Africain du Cinema de la Television" a lambar yabo ta Golden Crown a Abidjan. A cikin shekarar 2016, Esono ya jagoranci fim ɗin na minti 21 na *Milu*, tare da rubutun da Salvador Maquina ya rubuta.   A cikin watan Satumba 2020, an naɗa shi Babban Darakta na Haɓakawa, Shirye-shirye da Harhada Taskokin Tarihi na Audiovisual.

## Filmography

* 2007: No *Está Desnuda* (gajeren fim)
* 2010: *[[Teresa (2010 film)|Teresa]]*
* 2011: *La familia* (gajeren fim)
* 2016: *[[Milu (2016 film)|Milu]]* (gajeren fim)

## Manazarta
Soraya Miré

**Soraya Miré** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1961) marubuciya ce ta Somaliya, mai shirya fina-finai kuma mai fafutuka game da yankan mata. 

## rayuwa
An haifi Soraya Miré a Beledweyne .  Lokacin da take da shekaru goma sha uku, ta jimre da ƙarancin jima'i na mata. Fim din Miré  Fire Eyesna (1994) ya fara ne tare da Miré tana tunawa da kwarewarta na FGM, kuma ya haɗa da tambayoyi tare da wasu da ke da hannu a aikin.

## Ayyuka

### Fina-finai

* *Idanun Wuta: kaciya ta mata*, 1994

### Littattafai

* (tare da Hauwa'u Ensley) *Yarinyar da ke da kafafu uku: Tarihi*, 2011

## Manazarta
Harshen kuramen Namibiya

**Harshen Alamar Namibiya** (wanda aka fi sani da **NSL** )  yaren kurame ne na Namibiya da Angola . Ana kyautata zaton cewa akwai wasu harsunan kurame a cikin waɗannan ƙasashe.

Makarantar farko ga kurame ta kasance a Engela, kuma Ikilisiyar Lutheran ta Bishara ce ta kafa ta a shekara ta 1970. Malaman farko sun kasance baƙar fata Namibians da aka horar a Afirka ta Kudu, kuma sun yi amfani da Tsarin Alamar Paget Gorman tare da harshen Ovambo. Dalibai sun yi amfani da alamun PGSS, amma sun haɓaka nasu harshe. 

A shekara ta 1975 gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta fara sabuwar makaranta ga kurame a Eluwa. Dukkanin yara 'yan kasa da shekara 17 da ke halartar Engela an tura su zuwa Eluwa, kuma sun dauki yarensu tare da su. Al'ummar gudun hijira ta Namibiya a Angola sun haɗa da ɗalibai da yawa daga waɗannan makarantu, kuma a cikin 1982 an kafa musu makarantar kurame a Angola, inda suka koyar da NSL ga sababbin ɗalibai.

## Manazarta


* Ashipala et al., "Ci gaban ƙamus na Harshen Kurame na Namibiya", a cikin Erting, 1994, The Deaf Way: Ra'ayoyi daga Taron Duniya kan Al'adun Kurame*Hanyar Kurame: Ra'ayoyi daga Taron Kasa da Kasa kan Al'adun Kurame*
Yaren Nko

**Nkɔ, Wani , na jahar** yaren Plateau da a Najeriya .

## Manazarta

* Blench (2008) *Prospecting proto-Plateau* . Rubutun hannu.
Barni Ahmed Qaasim

**Barni Ahmed Qaasim**
multimeia artist kuma mai shirya fina-finai.  Tana da BA a Kimiyyar Siyasa, tare da ƙarami a Arts Interdisciplinary da Masters of Arts a Watsa Labarai.  Ayyukanta sun haɗa da aikin jarida na hoto da na bidiyo, bidiyon kiɗa da fim ɗin gaskiya.  Daga 2004 zuwa 2009, Qaasim ta kasance memba na Mafi yawan Duniya ta Uku, ƙungiyar watsa labarai ta Oakland, California, wanda daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na samarwa.  Tsakanin 2008 da 2012, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai koyarwa tare da Mujallar 'Yan Asalin Amirka ta Bakwai (SNAG), tana koya wa matasa dabarun samar da bidiyo.  Shirin shirin farko na Qaasim, Ƙaramar Haihuwa, ya dogara ne kan al'ummarta ta Somaliya kuma ta sami lambar yabo ta Ƙungiyar Somaliya ta Arizona.  Ta kuma ba da umarni kuma ta samar da Kamun Babies, wani shirin da ya dace kan aikin ungozoma a kan iyakar Amurka/Mexico.  An baiwa fim ɗin lambar yabo ta Kyautar Kyautar Lafiyar Mata daga Puente a la Salud a cikin 2013. Bugu da ƙari, Qaasim ya kasance Associate Producer don Documentary Under Arpaio ta J. M. Aragón na Pan Hagu Productions, wanda ya lashe 2012 Mafi kyawun Kyautar Arizona a Arizona a Arizona  Bikin Fina-Finai na Ƙasashen Duniya kuma an zaɓi shi don Ƙarfafa Canjin Canji na Cibiyar Sundance.  Ita ma ta kasance Mataimakiyar Edita kan Zuwa Yanzu, wani shirin shirin da Jeanne Hallacy ya jagoranta wanda aka zaba don bikin Lucerne International Film Festival da One World Rights Film Festival.  A halin yanzu, Qaasim memba ne na hukumar Somaliya Association of Arizona, kungiyar da ta ba da gudummawar daukar hoto, bidiyo da fasahar zane-zane tun lokacin da ta shiga 2006. Ita ma memba ce ta Puente kuma tana aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga matasan Puente Visión.  kafofin watsa labarai gamayya.

## Manazarta
Yaren Maka

**Maká** harshe ne na Matacoan da mutanen Maká ke magana a cikin Argentina da Paraguay . Masu magana da shi 1,500 suna rayuwa da farko a Sashen Presidente Hayes kusa da Río Negro, da kuma a ciki da wajen Asunción . 

## Fassarar sauti

Haɓaka baƙar fata suna musanya tare da baƙaƙen palatal kafin /e/ da wani lokacin kafin /a/. Misalai sun haɗa da  ~  "kaka" da  ~  "shamuwa". Ƙimar palatal /j/ an gane shi azaman ɓarna [c] kafin /i/, kamar a  ~  . 

Harsuna a cikin Maká na iya zama nau'ikan V, VC, CV, CCV, da CCVC. Lokacin da gungu na baƙin ƙarfe ya bayyana a farkon harafin, dole ne na biyu ya kasance /x/, /h/, /w/, ko /j/.

## Ilimin Halitta

### Sunaye

#### Jinsi
Maká yana da jinsi biyu - na namiji da na mace. Abubuwan da aka nuna suna nuna jinsin suna (Gerzenstein 1995:153:

A jam'i an karkatar da bambancin jinsi, kuma jam'in nuni iri daya ne da na mace guda daya:
 
Maká sunayen suna nufin jam'i. Akwai ƙarewar jam'i da dama: -l, -wi, Vts, da -Vy. Duk tsire-tsire suna ɗaukar jam'i -wi, amma in ba haka ba zaɓin yana da alama mara tabbas (Gerzenstein 1995: 150):

#### Harka
Maká ba shi da wani ƙararrakin ƙarar alama akan sunaye. Yi la'akari da jumla mai zuwa, inda batun ko abu ba ya nuna wani lamari (Gerzenstein 1995: 139):
 ==Manazarta==
Abdulkadir Ahmed Said

**Abdulkadir Ahmed Said** (, ) 

## Tarihin rayuwa
AAn haifi Said a shekara ta 1953 a Mogadishu, bbabban birnin Somaliya.  A sshekara ta 1970, ya fara aiki ga Hukumar Fim tta Somaliya a matsayin mai daukar hoto dda aka sanya wa dangantakar ƙƙasa da ƙasa kuma a matsayin mai ba da sshawara ga samarwa tare dda wasu ƙasashe. Tsakanin 1984 da 1986, ya yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Shirye-shirye a gidan talabijin na Somaliya, kuma ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarnin shirye-shiryen horo da yawa. Said  kuma yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin darektan fina-finai da yawa, ciki har da The Somali Dervish (1983); The Parching Winds of Somalia (1984); *Riviera Somaliya* (1984), shirin ga mai watsa shirye-shiryen jama'a na Italiya Radio Televisione Italiana (RAI); da A Man of Race (1987), wanda Cibiyar Fim ta LuceSaimon ta samar.

Duk da yake ya yi aiki a fina-finai da yawa a baya, Said tabbas an fi saninsa da gajeren Fina-finai na Geedka поле (The Tree of Life), wanda ya lashe kyautar Birnin Torino a cikin Mafi kyawun Fim - Ƙungiyar Gajeren Fim ta Duniya a Torino International Festival of Young Cinema a shekarar 1988, da kuma La *[[La Conchiglia|Conchiglia]]* daga shekarar 1992.  cikin waɗannan fina-finai guda biyu, ya sanya mutane a matsayin manyan wakilai da ke da alhakin lalata muhalli da albarkatun muhallin.

## Manazarta
*
*
*

## Hanyoyin Hadi na waje
*
Yaren Mbowe

**Mbowe** (*Esimbowe* ) yare ne na Bantu na Zambia . 

(2009) ya lissafa K.321 Mbume da kuma K.322 Liyuwa a matsayin harsuna daban-daban to amma kuma suna da alaƙa da juna. An kuma taɓa rarraba Mbowe a matsayin yaren yaren Luyana mai banbanci.

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Tarihin ELAR na Takaddun Farko na Mbowe
Yaren Baƙaƙen Jamusanci Namibiya

**Namibia Baƙar fata Jamus**, kuma **NBG**, ( German   , "Jamusanci dafa abinci") yaren pidgin ne na Namibiya wanda ya samo asali daga Jamusanci .  Ya kusa bacewa.  Yawancin mutanen Namibiya ne waɗanda ba su koyi Jamusanci daidai ba a lokacin mulkin Jamus . Ba harshe na farko ba ne. A halin yanzu ana magana da shi azaman yare na biyu ta mutane gabaɗaya sama da shekaru 50, waɗanda a yau galibi kuma suna jin Standard ko Namibiya Jamusanci, Afrikaans, ko Ingilishi.  Tare da koyo na gaba ɗaya a cikin babban birni na Kudancin Namibiya inda ake magana da Jamusanci Namibiya, ana iya kiyaye NBG da sunan ta hanyar iyaye-zuwa ɗa ko watsa cikin gida.

## Tarihi
Samun mulkin mallaka na Jamusanci a Namibia sau da yawa yana faruwa a waje da ilimi na al'ada kuma an fara koyar da kansa. Kamar yawancin harsunan pidgin, Namibian Black German ya bunkasa ta hanyar iyakance damar yin amfani da harshen da aka saba amfani da shi kuma an ƙuntata shi ga yanayin aiki.

 halin yanzu daruruwan dubban Namibians suna magana da Jamusanci a matsayin yare na biyu - da yawa, amma ba mafi yawansu ba Black ba, kuma yayin da Jamusancin Namibi sau da yawa ba ya bin daidaitattun Jamusanci, ba pidgin ba ne.

## Magana
Turanci da Afrikaans sun bar tasiri a kan ci gaban NBG, wanda ya haifar da alamu uku na farko: 

* ƙara gabatarwa inda Standard German zai yi amfani da zargi
* sauke prepositions wanda yawanci yake a cikin Standard German
* canza gabatarwar da aikatau ke buƙata

## Misalan
Misalan jimloli tare da daidaitattun Jamusanci:

* Lange nicht sehen - ba za a ga ba ("Lange nicht精li") 
* *Shin Banana ya kasance mai tarawa? *- Yaya yawan kuɗin ayaba yake tsada?  ("Shin kostet ya mutu / Banane?") 
* *Uwar* spät - 'sa'a na ƙarshe', ma'ana 'ya makara' ("es ist spät") 
* Herr fahren Jagd, nicht Haus - "Maigidan ya tafi farauta kuma ba shi da gida" ("Der Herr ist zur Jagd gefahren und ist nicht zu Hause") 

## Manazarta

## Ƙarin karantawa

* 
* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] Tarihin zamantakewar harshe a cikin duniyar mulkin mallaka, Hanyoyin Hanyar [PowerPoint slides]. An samo shi daga http://hison.sbg.ac.at/content/conferences/handoutsslides2010/Deumert3.pdf 
* 
* [Hotuna a shafi na 9] Nazarin Jamusanci: Harshe da Harshe. Ayyukan Shekara a Nazarin Harshe na zamani, 71, 564-594. 
* 
* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 7] Lokacin da daidaitattun harshe ya tafi mulkin mallaka: Halin harshe, shirin harshe, da kuma lalata a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Jamus. Taron 25 na Scandinavia na ilimin harshe, Tattaunawa 2: Tushen Matsayin Harshe. An samo shi daga http://conference.hi.is/scl25/files/2012/06/Stolberg.pdf
Gaston Bart-Williams

**Gaston Bart-Williams** (1938-1990) ɗan jaridar Saliyo ne, darektan fina-finai, mmarubuci, mawaƙi, ɗan diflomasiyya kuma mai fafutuka. Ya zauna kuma ya yi aiki galibi a Jamus.

## Rayuwa

An haifi Gaston Bart-Williams a Freetown ranar 3 ga watan Maris 1938 ga iiyayen Creole na Saliyo. Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Yarima ta Wales a Freetown sannan kuma Bo School a Bo. Ya kafa ƙungiyar aal'adu ta matasa ta Afirka a sshekara ta 1958, kuma yya kasance wwakilin Saliyo a Taron Matasa na Duniya na 1959 a Bamako, Mali. 

## Ayyuka
## Plays
* *A Bouquet of Carnations*
* *In Praise of Madness*
* *Uhuru*

### Fina-finai
* *Zur Nacht*, 1967
* *Immer nur Mordgeschichten*, 1968

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin Hadi na waje
*
Raouf J Jacob

**Raouf J. Jacob** (an haife shi a shekara ta alif dari tara da tamanin da takwas miladiyya 1988 a Saliyo, Afirka ta Yamma), mai shirya fim ne, furodusa kuma mai kula da fina-finai.  An san Yakubu da kyau saboda fim din  da ya lashe lambar yabo da yawa *na Saliyo: A Culture of Silence*. Shi ne kuma Director & Creator and Founder of Worldwide Cinema Frames studios/films LLC and Global Cinema Film Festival of Boston (GCFF) wanda ya kafa a shekarar 2006.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An haife shi a Freetown, Saliyo. A karshen yakin basasa a shekarar 1999 a Saliyo, ya bar kasar. Sannan ya yi kaura zuwa Boston, MA tare da danginsa a cikin watan Janairu 2000.

## Sana'a
A cikin shekarar 2005, ya yi fim din *Cry, America*, wanda ya binciko mummunan bala'i da tashin guguwar Katrina da yakin Amurka da Iraki. Ya kuma kirkiro jerin shirye-shiryen *A cikin Blind World*. Shirin ya yi nazari ne kan ‘Maganin Karshe na Matsalolin Yahudawa’ Adolf Hitler na Nazi, kisan kiyashin Rwanda na 1994, kisan kiyashin Darfur a Sudan, zaluncin al’ummar Baha'i a Iran da kuma mulkin tsohon shugaban yaki Pablo Escobar a Colombia. 

A cikin shekarar 2014, Yakubu ya fito da fim din shirin *na Saliyo: A Culture Silence*.  Ya kasance darakta, marubuci, furodusa, mai daukar hoto, edita da mahadar sauti na fim din. Fim din ya sami yabo da yawa, gami da Mafi kyawun Fim din Fasalin Documentary a Bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na 2014 na New York City, 2014 Boston International Film Festival, da 2014 Roxbury International Film Festival. Har ila yau, an nuna fim din a Kasuwar Fina-Finai ta Cannes na 2014 (Marché du film de Cannes), bikin fina-finan Afirka na Silicon Valley da kari!

## Filmography

## Manazarta
Harshen Arawak

**Arawak** (  ,  ), wanda kuma aka fi sani da **Lokono** ( **Lokono Dian**, a zahiri "maganar mutane" ta masu magana da shi), yaren Arawakan ne da mutanen Lokono (Arawak) na Kudancin Amurka ke magana a gabashin Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, da Faransanci Guiana .  Shi ne babban yaren dangin harshen Arawakan.

Lokono harshe ne mai aiki-tsaye . 

## Tarihi
Lokono harshe ne mai hatsarin gaske.  Yaren Lokono an fi yin magana a Kudancin Amirka. Wasu takamaiman ƙasashe inda ake yin wannan yare sun haɗa da Guyana, Suriname, Guiana Faransanci, da Venezuela.  Adadin masu iya magana da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun harshe an ƙiyasta kashi 5% na yawan ƙabilu.  Akwai ƙananan al'ummomi na ƙananan masu magana waɗanda ke da digiri daban-daban na fahimta da ƙwarewa a cikin Lokono waɗanda ke kiyaye harshen.  An kiyasta cewa akwai sauran masu magana kusan 2,500 (ciki har da masu iya magana da ƙwararru).  Rushewar amfani da Lokono a matsayin harshen sadarwa ya faru ne saboda rashin isar da shi daga tsofaffin masu magana zuwa na gaba. Ba a ba da yaren ga yara ƙanana ba, kamar yadda ake koya musu yin magana da yarukan ƙasashensu. 

## Rabewa
Harshen Lokono wani yanki ne na babban dangin harshen Arawakan da ƴan asalin ƙasar Amurka ta Kudu da Amurka ta tsakiya ke magana tare da Caribbean.  Iyalin sun mamaye kasashe hudu na Amurka ta tsakiya - Belize, Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua - da takwas na Kudancin Amurka - Bolivia, Guyana, Guiana Faransa, Surinam, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Brazil (da kuma Argentina da Paraguay a baya). Tare da kusan harsuna 40, ita ce mafi girman dangin harshe a Latin Amurka. 

### Etymology
*Arawak* sunan kabila ne dangane da babban abincin amfanin gona, tushen rogo, wanda akafi sani da manioc. Tushen rogo sanannen abinci ne ga miliyoyin mutane a Kudancin Amurka, Asiya da Afirka.  Ita ce shrub mai bushewa da ake girma a yankuna masu zafi ko na wurare masu zafi. Su ma masu magana da yawun Arawak sun bayyana kansu a matsayin **'</link> , wanda ke fassara a matsayin "mutane". Suna kiran yarensu **' , "maganar mutane". 

Madadin sunayen harshe ɗaya sun haɗa da Arawák, Arahuaco, Aruak, Arowak, Arawac, Araguaco, Aruaqui, Arwuak, Arrowukas, Arahuacos, Locono, da Luccumi. 

## Rarraba yanki
Lokono yaren Arawakan ne da aka fi samun ana magana da shi a gabashin Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname da Faransanci Guiana. Har ila yau, a da ana magana da shi a tsibirin Caribbean kamar Barbados da sauran ƙasashe makwabta. Akwai kusan masu magana da harshen 2,500 a yau. Waɗannan yankuna ne inda aka sami Arawak da masu jin yaren yaren ya yi magana. 

## Fassarar sauti

### Consonants
## Manazarta
Harshen Logorik

**Logorik**, **Subori**, ko **Saburi** harshe ne (musamman) da ke cikin haɗari   da ake magana da shi a Gabashin Sudan da Yammacin Chadi.  

## Janar bayani
Wani bangare ne na kungiyar Nilo-Saharan da kuma rukunin harsunan Daju ta Gabas.   Mutanen Subori ne ke magana da shi a tsaunin Nuba da Kudancin Kordofan.  

Meinhof yayi iƙirarin, cewa da kyar babu kamanceceniya tsakanin wannan harshe da sauran harsunan Kordofan ƙamus-hikima.  Har ila yau, al'ummar masu magana da Logorik suna da yawan harsuna biyu; sauran harsunan da suka mamaye, da sauransu, Larabci, (saboda hijirar Larabci a yankin).   Wannan yana haifar da kaso mai yawa na kalmomin lamuni da aro na nahawu (mafi yawa Larabci) a cikin yaren Logorik. 

## Phonetics

### Wasula

### Consonants

 Labiodental "f" ba kasafai ba ne kuma yawanci yana bayyana a cikin kalmomin lamuni da sauran aro daga yarukan waje. 

Har ila yau, yana da daraja a ambata, cewa glottal yana tsayawa, alamar (ʔ), suna cikin Logorik. 

## Tonality
Logorik harshe ne na tonal, ma'ana akwai manyan sautuna da faɗuwar sautuna.  Idan ana maganar sautuka, sautin muryar da ta gabata dole ne ya bambanta da wanda ke zuwa bayansa. 

## Nahawu

### Halitta
Babu jinsin mata a cikin harshen Logorik ilimin halittar jiki-hikima.  Akwai kuma wasu ajujuwa guda shida kuma nau'in jam'insu ya dogara da matsayi na ƙarshe na nau'i guda ɗaya. 

### Sunaye
An ƙirƙiri nau'i na jam'i na suna ta ƙara madaidaicin kari. 

### Kalmomi
Ana samun cikakkun bayanai marasa kamala kawai.  Prefixes da suffixes suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ba da siginar mahallin/lokaci,misali lokaci na gaba yana nunawa ta prefix da hāŋ-; ayyukan al'ada ta hanyar kari-cà. 

## Manazarta
Yaren Panara

**Panará** (Panará *panãra pẽẽ*   ), kuma aka sani da **Kreen Akarare** (daga Mẽbêngôkre *Krã jakàràre* [ˈkɾʌ̃ jaˈkʌɾʌɾɛ]), yaren Jê ne da mutanen Panará na Mato Grosso, Brazil ke magana. Ita ce zuriyar Kudancin Kayapó .  Ko da yake an rarraba shi azaman harshen Arewacin Jê a cikin karatun farko,   Panará ya bambanta sosai da harsunan Arewacin Jê a cikin morphosyntax  kuma an yi jayayya cewa ya zama yaren ƴan uwa ga Arewacin Jê maimakon ɗan wannan ƙungiyar.

## Fassarar sauti

### Consonants

Hancin da ke ƙasa /mn ɲ ŋ/ suna bayan baki zuwa [mp nt ns ŋk] gabanin wasalin baka ko ɗaya daga /w ɾ j/,  kamar yadda yake cikin *intwêê* /nweː/ [iˈntɥej] 'sabo'.

Geminates suna faruwa duka a cikin tushen da ba a yi amfani da su ba (irin su *ippẽ* [ipˈpẽ] 'bare') da kuma a mahadar morpheme, kamar a cikin *tepi* / tɛp / 'kifi' + *ty* /tɯ / 'matattu' → [tɛtˈtɯ] 'mataccen kifi'.  Tsawon baƙon sauti ne a cikin Panará, don haka haɗa nau'ikan geminates ban da abubuwan hana Panará da ke akwai.  Geminate baƙon abu ne wanda ke riƙe na tsawon lokaci fiye da baƙaƙe ɗaya.  Geminate /ss/ an gane shi azaman [t͡s] ta yawancin masu magana a matsayin bambancin zamantakewa tsakanin tsararraki. Amfani da [t͡s] yana da alaƙa da tuntuɓar tuntuɓar masu mulkin mallaka don haka tsofaffin ƙarni na masu magana da Panará ke amfani da su. Ƙananan tsara suna amfani da [t͡s] da kuma geminate [ss] yayin da harshe ke canzawa.  

### Wasula
Wayoyin wasali na Panará sune kamar haka.   

Wasan wasalan /oː, ɔː, õː, eː, ẽː/ ana gane su ne a matsayin diphthongs [ow, ɔw, õw̃, ej, ẽj̃] sakamakon ka'idar sautin dogon wasali. Hakanan ana amfani da rage rage wasali a cikin Panará; ana iya rage wasalin /a/ zuwa [ɐ] ko [ə] lokacin da ba a damuwa.  

### Sillabi tsarin
Abubuwan da aka sani da za a iya haɗawa don kalmomi a cikin Panará sune kamar haka: V, CV, C 1 C 2 V, V:, CV:, C 1 C 2 V:, CVC 3, CV: C 3, C 1 C 2 VC 3 ; C 1C 2V :C 3 . Hakanan lura cewa jeri lokacin da C 1 da C 2 ke raba articulator iri ɗaya an hana su. 

### Rubutun Rubutu
Malaman Panará ne suka haɓaka rubutun rubutun na Panará, tare da taimako daga tarurrukan karatu, cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata. Taswirorin da ke biyowa na duka baƙaƙe da wasula sune sakamakon bita da aka ambata a tsakanin ƙungiyoyin Panará da masana ilimi, musamman Bernat Bardagil-Mas da Myriam Lapierre, a cikin 2016 da 2017 kuma suna wakiltar rubutun da aka ɗauka tun lokacin. 

An nuna rubutun Panará a sama ta amfani da maƙallan kusurwa a cikin teburan sauti.

### [i] epenthesis
An yi jayayya cewa yawancin kalmomi-farko da kalmomin-ƙarshe na [i] suna da alaƙa a cikin Panará.  Kalma-farko [i] epenthesis ya yi daidai da tebur mai zuwa inda [T] ke nufin tsayawar singleton, [CC] yana nuni da geminate, kuma [NT] yana nufin fahimtar dakatarwar hanci, kamar: [m͡p, n͡t, n͡s., Ƙaddamarwa. 
## Manazarta
Harshen Sekele

**Sekele** shine yaren arewacin kurku. Ya yadu a kudancin Angola kafin Yaƙin basasar Angola,  amma yanzu ana magana da waɗannan nau'ikan Harshen musamman a tsakanin Diaspora a arewacin Namibia. Har ila yau, akwai yaruka da yawa da ake magana a arewacin Namibia. 

An san Sekele da sunaye da yawa. "Sekele" kanta ta samo asali ne daga *Vasekele*

## Harsuna
Akwai rarrabuwa tsakanin yarukan arewacin, wanda aka fi sani da Angolan o Hung ko Arewacin, da kuma yarukan kudancin arewacin Namibia, waɗanda aka fi sani le Yammacin Kung ko Arewa-Tsakiyar, da kuma tsakanin su da yaren gabashin Kavango. Wadannan yarukan arewa sun hada da:

* Angolan (Arewa) ŌKung, asalin Kudancin Angola, wanda ke kusa da Kogin Cunene, Cubango, Cuito, da Cuando;

:: (N1) Maligo, kudu maso gabashin Angola);
:: (N2) Shaan "Forest Shaan"; gabashin tsakiyar Angola);

* Yammacin (North-Central)  ŌKung (), na arewacin Namibia, tsakanin Kogin Ovambo da iyakar Angola, a kusa da Kogin Okavango a gabashin Rundu zuwa Etosha Pan;

:: (W1) - "Kwarin" - Gundumar Eenhana, arewacin Namibia);
:: (W2) Akhuwa, arewacin Namibia);
:: (W3) Tsintsabis; Tsintsabis, gundumar Tsumeb, arewacin Namibia);

* (K) Kavango, wanda aka fi sani da "River" a cikin Ekoka; Yammacin Rundu, arewacin Namibia, & Angola kusa) 

Yaren Okongo, Ovambo, da Mpunguvlei na iya ninkawa (W1) da (K) ko kuma ƙarin siffofi.

Wani yaren Angolan Sekele da masana harsuna ke bincike a halin yanzu an lakafta shi Mangetti Dune ̆ ̆ ŌKung, kuma al'ummar da suka sake zama 500-1000 a Namibia da Afirka ta Kudu suna magana da shi a cikin ƙauyukan Mangetti Duna da Omtaku, gabashin Grootfontein, Namibia; da kuma Schmidtsdrif, yammacin Kimberley, Afirka ta Kudu.

## Fasahar sauti

; Angolan

Dune na Mangetti yana da dannawa tare da wurare huɗu na magana. Wani bambanci da aka ruwaito tsakanin hakora na gefe da kuma post-veolar gefe ba a tabbatar da shi ta hanyar ci gaba da bincike ba. Wadannan dannawa sun zo a cikin jerin takwas kamar yadda yake a Grootfontein ŌKung, wanda aka wakilta tare da magana ta baki:

: Harshe /KZHHHH HZHH
:  /ŋ̊/
: harshe-pulmonic
: harshe-glottalic /ī'h

; Yammacin (North-Central) 

## Bayanan da ke ƙasa

## Manazarta

* 
* 
*  

## Haɗin waje

* Kwatantaccen ƙamus na asali a cikin Global Lexicostatistical Database
* ELAR ajiyar Bidiyo da Rubutun Rubutun Mangetti Dune
Jimmy B

**Jimmy Bangura**, mawaƙin Saliyo ne, mai shirya fina-finai, furodusa kuma mai nishadantarwa.  Ana kira shi da "Godfather of Sierra Leone music". 

## Rayuwa
Jimmy B ya yi wasan kwaikwayo a cikin wasan barkwanci na Eddie Murphy na shekarar 1988 Coming to America kafin ya koma Afirka ta Kudu, ya kafa ɗakin kida a can kuma ya samu nasara a matsayin mawaki.  Bayan kawo karshen yakin basasar Saliyo a shekara ta 2002, Jimmy B ya taimaka wajen fitar da albam ɗin hip hop da dama da harhaɗawa daga Paradise Studio. 

A cikin shekarar 2014 Bangura ya ba da tallafi na sirri *na Ebola 4 Go*, bidiyon da ke ilmantar da mutane game da cutar ta Ebola.  Ya gabatar da *Jimmy B Show*, wasan kwaikwayo na rediyo akan AiRadio na Freetown wanda ya ƙware a kiɗan Saliyo. 

A cikin shekarar 2019 ɗansa matashi ya nutse a cikin ƙasar Amurka. 

## Fina-finai
* *Paradise Island*, 2009
* *Guardian of the Throne*, 2014
* *A Stitch in Time*, 2014
* *The British Expert*, 2019

## Manazarta
Raimundo Bernabé Nnandong

**Raymundo Bernabé Nnandong Nchama Russo** (an haife shi a shekara ta alif dubu daya da dari tara da casa’in da daya 1991), mai shirya fim ɗin Equatoguine ne, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, mai shiryawa, kuma marubucin allo.    An san shi sosai don jagorantar fim ɗin shirin fim na shekarar dubu biyu da ishirin 2020 wanda ya lashe kyautar *Manoliño Nguema*. 
Har ila yau, memba ne na kwamitin gudanarwa na CEID mai kula da Matasa, Ayyukan zamantakewa da Sadarwa.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An haife shi a shekara ta alif dubu daya da dari tara da casa’in da daya 1991 a wani ƙaramin gari a Equatorial Guinea.  Daga baya ya girma a Bata, babban birnin ƙasar.

## Sana'a
A cikin shekarar dubu biyu da takwas 2008, ya fara wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo daga Cibiyoyin Al'adun Sipaniya a Bata da Malabo. Sannan ya shiga tare da Cibiyar Al'adu ta Ecuadorian da Guinean da Cibiyar Magana ta Faransa (ICEF) don yin fice a fannin fasaha. A lokacin karatunsa, ya yi aiki a cikin gajerun fina-finai da yawa. Sannan a cikin shekarar dubu daya da goma sha’daya 2011, ya jagoranci fim ɗin *Le Rendez-vous*, *La Cita* (2011). Jagoran fina-finan sa na farko ya zo ta shekarar dubu biyu da goma sha’biyar 2015 tare da fim ɗin *Aricó Caliente*. Daga baya kuma ya lashe kyautar Ceiba Award na fim ɗin.  Ayyukansa mafi sanannun kuma mafi kyawun kyautar shine ɗan gajeren fim "Aricó Caliente", wanda aka gabatar a bikin fina-finai na Afirka na Tarifa da Tangier (FCAT) a shekarar dubu biyu da goma sha’shidda 2016.

## Manazarta
Harshen Wa

**Wa** (Va) harshe ne na Austroasiatic da mutanen Wa na Myanmar da kasar China ke magana. Akwai nau'ikan daban daban, wani lokacin suna ɗaukar harsuna daban daban; Sunan su a cikin Ethnologue shine Parauk, mafi rinjaye kuma daidaitaccen tsari; Vo (Zhenkang Wa, masu magana 40,000) da Awa (masu magana 100,000), kodayake ana iya kiran su Wa, Awa, Va, Vo. David Bradley (1994) ya kiyasta cewa akwai jimillar masu magana da Wa 820,000.

## Rarraba da bambance-bambancen karatu
Gerard Diffloth yana nufin yankin Wa na yanki a matsayin "Wa corridor", wanda ke tsakanin kogin Salween da Mekong. A cewar Diffloth, bambance-bambancen sun haɗa da South Wa, "Bible Wa" da Kawa (Sin Wa).

Kirista Wa sun fi dacewa su goyi bayan amfani da Standard Wa, tunda Littafi Mai-Tsarki nasu ya dogara ne akan daidaitaccen sigar Wa, wanda kuma ya dogara ne akan bambance-bambancen da ake magana a Bang Wai, mil 150 daga arewacin Kengtung (Watkins 2002). Bang Wai yana arewacin jihar Shan ta Burma, kusa da iyakar kasar Sin inda gundumar Cangyuan take.

Wasu yaruka na Wa suna kiyaye ƙarshen -/s/. Sun haɗa da bambance-bambancen da ake magana a Meung Yang da gundumar Ximeng (kamar iri-iri da ake magana a cikin Zhongke 中课, Masan 马散, gundumar Ximeng wadda Zhou & Yan ta rubuta (1984)) (Watkins 2002:8).

## Manazarta
Henrietta Mbawah

**Henrietta Mbawah** (  - 17 Fabrairu 2023) 'yar wasan Saliyo ce, mai shirya fina-finai kuma mai fafutukar zamantakewa.   An fi saninta da shugabar gajeriyar fim din *Jattu* da ta yi fice da kuma taka rawa da tayi a matsayin 'Journalist' a takaicen fim ɗin *Ebola Checkpoint*.  

## Rayuwa da aiki
Da farko, Mbawah ya fara aiki a jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin tare da qananan ayyukan da ba a tantance ba. A shekarar 2016, ta yi gajeren fim *ɗin Jattu*. Fim ɗin ya zagaya wata yarinya mai suna Jattu, wacce ta tsira daga cutar Ebola a Afirka. Daga baya a wannan shekarar ta fito a cikin gajeren fim ɗin *Ebola Checkpoint* inda ta taka rawa a matsayin 'Journalist'.   Ta kuma kasance Shugabar Kamfanin Nishaɗi na Manor River.  A cikin shekarar 2019, ta ci lambar yabo ta 'yar'uwa saboda rawar da ta yi don ƙarfafa mata a Saliyo. 

Mbawah ya mutu a ranar 17 ga watan Fabrairu, 2023, yana da shekaru 34.

## Ɓangaren Filmography

## Manazarta
Harshen Umbundu

***Umbúndú***, ko **Kudancin Mbundu** (autonym úmbúndú), ɗaya daga cikin yarukan Bantu da yawa, shine yaren da aka fi magana da shi a Angola. An san masu magana da shi da *Ovimbundu* kuma kabilanci ne wanda ya zama kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yawan jama'ar Angola. Ƙasarsu ita ce Tsakiyar Tsakiya ta Angola da yankin bakin teku a yammacin waɗannan tsaunuka, gami da biranen Benguela da Lobito. Saboda ƙaura ta cikin gida ta baya-bayan nan, yanzu akwai manyan al'ummomi a babban birnin Luanda da lardin da ke kewaye da shi, da kuma Lubango.

## Fasahar sauti

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

### Sautin sautin

### Sauti
Umbundu yana da sautuna biyu: ƙasa da sama. Magana ta farko mai mahimmanci (á) a cikin kalma tana wakiltar sautin da ya fi girma. Sautin da ba shi da kyau ana wakilta shi da babbar murya (à). Kalmomin  ba a san su ba suna ɗauke da sautin iri ɗaya kamar na da ya gabata.

## Kalmomin kalmomi

* Barka da zuwa - Ukombe domin ("Baƙi sun zo") 
* Gaisuwa -   (sg);   (pl) 
* Yaya kake? -   (sg);   (pl) 
* Ina godiya sosai, kuma kai? -  ("Ina da kyau");  ("Muna da kyau") 
* Menene sunanka? - Velye Altuko Vene?  (frm); Ya ce ya sa ya sa ya zama haka?  (ƙaddamarwa) 
* Sunan na shine... - Onduko ya kasance mai ƙauna...
* Daga ina ka fito? - Za a iya amfani da su a matsayin masu amfani da su?  ("Ina ƙasarku take?") 
* Na fito ne daga... -   ("Ƙasar ta...") 
* Safiya mai kyau - 
* Kyakkyawan rana - 
* Da maraice mai kyau - 
* Kyakkyawan dare -  ("Sleep well") 
* Ka yi murna - .  ("Na tafi") 
* Shin kuna magana da Turanci? - 
* Shin kuna magana da Umbundu? - 
* Ya yi nadama -  (sg);  (pl) 
* Don Allah - Yanke Gizo.  ("Ka yi mini tausayi2) 
* Godiya ga -  (sg);  (pl) 
* Amsa - Abin sha'awa

## Rubutun samfurin
*Harshen ya yi amfani da shi a matsayin wani nau'i na nau'i. Ovo vakwete ya ba da gudummawa, ya ba da kansa ga mutane ga mutane ga masu girma ga masu girma.*

Fassara: "Dukkanin 'yan adam an haife su da' yanci kuma suna da mutunci da haƙƙoƙi. An ba su dalili da lamiri kuma ya kamata su yi aiki da juna cikin ruhun' yan uwantaka. " (Mataki na 1 na Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

## Manazarta

## Ƙarin karantawa

*  
* 
* 

## Haɗin waje

* Ingilishi-Umbundu harshe albarkatun yanar gizo (Mofeko)
* Ilimi  - Darussan Umbundu a Nação Ovimbundu
* Umbundu - haruffa a omniglot.com
* Dictionary Umbundu - Asibitin Likita Nossa Senhora da Paz, Cubal, Angola.
Yaren Miju

**Kaman** (Geman, Geman Deng, Kumán, Kman), ko **Miju** (Miju Mishmi, Midzu), ƙaramin harshe ne na Indiya da China. An dade ana zaton ya zama yaren Sino-Tibet, yana iya zama keɓe harshe

## Wurare
A kasar Sin, ana kiran Miju da Deng 僜人. Deng mai lamba sama da 1,000 a gundumar Zayü, Tibet, China, tare da 1,000 na Deng suna da ikon sarrafa kansu **'</link> (大让), da 130 suna da ikon sarrafa kansu **' (格曼) ( *Geman* ). Su ma makwabta ne da Idu ko ** (义都) mutane.

A Indiya, ana magana da Miju a Hawai Circle da yankin Parsuram Kund na gundumar Lohit, Arunachal Pradesh (Boro 1978,  Dasgupta 1977  ). *Ethnologue* ya ba da rahoton cewa ana magana da Miju a ƙauyuka 25 da ke cikin wurare masu tsayi a gabashin kwarin Lohit da Dau, waɗanda ke gabas da kwarin Haguliang, Billlong, da Tilai.

## Fassarar sauti
Waɗannan su ne sautuna a cikin yaren Miju/Kaman. 

### Consonants

### Wasula

/ɯ/ kuma za a iya ji kamar [ɨ].

### Sautuna
Akwai manyan sautuna guda uku a cikin yaren Miju, tashi (á), faɗuwa (à), da matakin (ā). 

## Masu yin rijista
Kman yana da rajista iri-iri da ake amfani da su a yanayi daban-daban. Waɗannan sun haɗa da: 

* shamaniyya
* farauta
* zagi da zagi
* mawaki

## Manazarta
Yaren Zemba

**Zemba** ko **Dhimba** yare ne na Bantu da ake magana da shi galibi a Angola inda yaren yana da kusan masu magana da 18,000, kuma a Namibia tare da wasu 7,000. Yana da alaƙa da Herero, kuma galibi ana ɗaukarsa yaren wannan yaren, musamman kamar yadda Zemba ke da kabilanci na Herero.

Akwai nau'o'i daban-daban da furcin sunan: Zimba, Dhimba, Tjimba, Chimba, da dai sauransu. Koyaya, lokacin da aka rubuta Tjimba ko Chimba a Turanci, gabaɗaya yana nufin Mutanen Tjimba ne, waɗanda ba masu farauta-masu tattarawa ba waɗanda ke magana da Zemba. Ya kamata a rarrabe rubutun Himba daga Mutanen Himba da yarensu na Herero

Ethnologue  raba Zemba a matsayin yare daban daga Himba (Otjihimba, Ovahimba), wanda aka rarraba a matsayin yaren Herero daidai.  (2009), duk da haka, ya kafa yaren Arewa maso Yammacin Herero, wanda ya haɗa da Zemba; daga taswirar, zai bayyana ya haɗa da Himba da Hakaona.

## Manazarta
Daniel Taye Workou

**Daniel Taye Workou** (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga watan Yuni 1969) darektan fina-finai ne na Jamus-Habasha, mai shirya fina-finai, kuma marubucin allo.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Workou a Berlin a shekara ta 1969 ga iyayen Habasha. Ya karanci dangantakar ƙasa da ƙasa kuma ya yi aiki da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da dama. Daga baya Workou ya yanke shawarar shiga masana'antar fim kuma ya shiga Shirin Fina-finai na Graduate a Jami'ar Columbia. A farkon aikinsa, ya jagoranci shirye-shiryen kiɗa, bidiyo da fina-finai na  kiɗe-kiɗe.  Wadannan sun haɗa da *Concert Peace a Hague* a 2000. A cikin shekarar 2003, Workou ya jagoranci shirin  *A Sangomar Boure*. 

Workou ya shirya gajeriyar fim ɗin sa na farko, *Menged*, a cikin shekarar 2006. An yi fim ɗin a kusa da ƙauyen kakansa a Habasha.  Labarin ya shafi uba da ɗansa sun dawo daga kasuwa a karkara. *Menged* ya sami lambar yabo mafi kyawun gajerun fina-finai a bikin fina-finai da talabijin na Panafrican na Ouagadougou, Mafi kyawun Short Film a Generation KPlus a Berlin, da lambar yabo ta Jury na musamman da lambar yabo ta SIGNIS a Amiens.

Workou shine wanda ya kafa BiraBiro Films, dake Addis Ababa.  A cikin shekarar 2014, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai samarwa na *L' éclat furtif de l'ombre*.  Workou ya kasance mai shirya fim ɗin bayan-apocalyptic *Crumbs* a cikin shekarar 2015, wanda abokinsa Miguel Llansó ya jagoranta.  A cikin shekarar 2019, ya kasance mai gabatarwa don fim ɗin wasan ban dariya/sci-fi Jesus Shows You the Way to the Highway, wanda Llansó ya jagoranta.

## Filmography

*2000: *Peace Concert in the Hague* (director)
*2003: *A Sangomar Boure* (director)
*2005: *Carjackin* (short film; writer)
*2006: *Menged* (short film; writer/director)
*2009: *Woinshet* (short film; executive producer)
*2010: *Where Is My Dog?* (short film; co-executive producer)
*2013: *The Wild Years* (associate producer)
*2014: *L'éclat furtif de l'ombre* (executive producer)
*2015: *Crumbs* (co-producer)
*2015: *Der weiße Äthiopier* (service producer)
*2019: *Jesus Shows You the Way to the Highway* (executive producer/producer/actor)

## Manazarta
Mohammed Ismail

Mohamed Ismaïl (1 ga Satumba 1951 - 20 ga Maris 2021) ya kasance darektan fina-finai na Maroko.  jagoranci fim din 2008 Goodbye Mothers .

## Manazarta
Larabcin Bimbashi

**Bimbashi [[Larabci]]** ("soja Larabci", ko **Mongal**) wani pidgin ne na Larabci wanda ya bunkasa tsakanin sojojin soja a Sudan da kuma na Anglo-Masar, kuma ya shahara daga shekarar 1870 zuwa shekarar 1920.  Bimbashi daga ba ya yafi  kuma ya ci gaba zuwa harsuna uku: Turku a Chadi, Ki-Nubi a Kenya da Uganda, da Juba Larabci a Sudan ta Kudu.

## Dubi kuma

* Iri-iri na Larabci
* Harshen Nubi

## Ƙarin Karatu
*  

## Manazarta
Hassan Al-Jundi

**Mohammed Hassan Al-Jundi** (Arabic) (1 ga Janairun 1938 - 25 ga Fabrairu 2017) ya kasance mai zane-zane na Maroko kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu zane-zane a Maroko na karni na 20. Shi  majagaba na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Larabawa kuma marubuci ne mai lashe lambar yabo, darektan fim kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo.

## Ayyuka
Ya kasance marubucin rediyo da wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya ba da umarni kuma ya fito a wasu ayyukan da aka fi girmamawa, abin tunawa da kuma jin daɗi don rediyo, talabijin da wasan kwaikwayo tun daga shekarun 1950 har zuwa lokacin da ya mutu a cikin 2017, gami da jerin abubuwan da ya fi dacewa Al Azalia . Shi ne na farko na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka kuma ya yi a manyan wurare a duk duniya.

Wasu daga cikin wasanninsa da ba za a iya mantawa da su ba sun hada da Abu Jahl, Amr ibn Hisham a cikin fim din Larabci na fim din The Message, Rustam a cikin fina-finai na *[[Al Qadisiyya|Qadisiyah]]*, Utbah ibn Rabiah a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi na 2012 *Umar ibn al-Khattab*, Hamadi a cikin fim na 2011 Taalab Assilah da Moha a cikin gajeren jerin Ghadba .

A ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, mako guda kafin mutuwarsa, ya halarci ƙaddamarwa da sanya hannu kan littafinsa na tarihin kansa Weld Laksour a Casablanca International Book Fair . Wannan shine aikinsa na karshe.

## Gidan wasan kwaikwayo

File:Mohamed_Hassan_Eljoundi_with_his_wife.jpg|alt=Mohammed Hassan with his wife while acting in the film "The Messenger".|Mohammed Hassan tare da matarsa yayin da yake aiki a fim din "The Messenger".
File:Mohamed_Hassan_Eljoundi_-_Fatima_Benmezian.jpg|alt=Mohammed Hassan and Fatima Benmezian in 1965 during the Theater play "Ana u Chama".|Mohammed Hassan da Fatima Benmezian a shekarar 1965 yayin wasan kwaikwayo a gidan wasan kwaikwayo "Ana u Chama".


## Manazarta
Harshen Birgid

**Birgid** (wanda aka fi sani da Birked, Birguid, Birkit, Birqed, Kajjara, Murgi, Murgi Birked) yaren Nubian ne wanda ake magana da shi a yammacin Sudan, arewacin birnin Nyala a Kudancin Darfur . Masanin harshe na Kanada Thelwall ya ambaci hulɗarsa ta ƙarshe da tsofaffi masu magana da Birgid a cikin shekarar 1972.  

## Manazarta
Harshen Dari

**Dair** (kuma Dabab, Daier, Thaminyi) yare ne mai mahimmanci wanda ake magana da shi a arewacin Dutsen Nubian a kudancin Sudan. Kimanin mutane ,000 ne suka yi magana a shekarar 1978 a tsaunukan Jibaal as-Sitta, tsakanin Dilling da Delami.

## Manazarta
Muhammad Zaid

**Mohamed Zineddaine** (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1957 a Oued Zem) ɗan jaridar Maroko-Italiya ne, mai ɗaukar hoto, mai shirya fina-finai, marubuci da kuma furodusa.

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Ilimi
A shekara ta 1983, Kyau koma Faransa don nazarin kimiyyar kwamfuta a Nice.  shekara guda, ya koma Bologna don nazarin jagora a DAMS (Sashen Fasaha, Kiɗa da Ayyuka) a Jami'ar Bologna.

## Fim ɗin ɓangare

### Hotuna masu ban sha'awa

* 2004: *Risveglio (Tashi) *  
* 2008: *Ti ricordi di Adil? *   *(Shin Ka tuna Adil?) *
* 2012: *Fushi (Fushi) *  
* : La Guérisseuse (The Healer) [1] [2] [3] 

### Gajeren fina-finai da shirye-shirye

* 2002: *La vecchia ballerina* 

## Haɗin waje

* 

## Manazarta
Harafin Dinka

Mutanen Dinka na Sudan ta Kudu suna amfani da haruffa na Dinka. Harshen Dinka da aka rubuta ya dogara ne akan haruffa na asali na ISO, amma tare da wasu haruffa da aka kara da su daga Haruffa na Duniya. Kalmomin yanzu sun samo asali ne daga haruffa da aka haɓaka don yarukan kudancin Sudan a taron yaren Rejaf a 1928.  Kafin wannan, an yi ƙoƙari da yawa don daidaita rubutun Larabci da Latin zuwa harshen Dinka, amma babu wani ƙoƙari da ya sami babban nasara. Masu wa'azi na Kirista suna da mahimmanci ga ci gaban abin da ya zama haruffa na Dinka.

## Harshen haruffa

Dinka ba ya amfani da *f, q, s, v, x*, da *z*; kuma ana amfani da *h* a cikin digraphs kawai.

### IPA
Ana *r* ƙwayoyin *h* daga alveolar ta ha*ny* ƙara h mai zuwa. In ba haka ba, ƙwayoyin sun dace da kwatankwacin IPA, sai dai /ɲ/, wanda aka rubuta a matsayin ny; /ɟ/, rubuta *j*; /j/, rubuta y; da /ɾ/, rubuta r. Sautin sautin da ya dace da kwatancin IPA ɗin su,*da kuma* diaeresis yana nuna sautin muryar numfashi, wanda ya bambanta da muryar murya.

### Unicode

Lura cewa ɛ̈ (buɗe e tare da trema / umlaut) da ɔ̈ (bu buɗe o tare da treme / umlaud) ba su wanzu a matsayin haruffa da aka riga aka tsara a cikin Unicode kuma saboda haka dole ne a samar da su ta amfani da U + 0308, diaeresis da ke haɗuwa da diacritic.

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* https://web.archive.org/web/20050419004051/http://www.openroad.net.au/harsuna/african/dinka.html
Yared Zeleke

**Yared Zeleke** darektan fina-finan Habasha ne daga Addis Ababa. Yana da MFA a Rubutu da Jagoranci (Writing and Directing) daga Jami'ar New York. Fim ɗinsa na farko, *[[Lamb (2015 Ethiopian film)|Lamb]]*,  an nuna shi a shekarar 2015 Cannes Film Festival, Un Certain Regard.  Shi ne fim na farko daga Habasha da aka zaɓa a hukumance a cikin tarihin bikin shekaru 68.

## Manazarta
Mohammed Chrif

**Mohamed Chrif Tribak** (Arabic; an haife shi a shekara ta 1971 a Larache) ɗan ƙasar Maroko ne mai shirya fina-finai kuma marubucin allo.

temps des camarades, fim na farko na darektan, an nuna shi a bukukuwan fina-finai da yawa kuma ya lashe kyaututtuka da yawa, gami da babban kyautar Ousman Samben a bikin fina-fukkukan Afirka na Khouribgha na 2009 da kuma Babban Kyauta a bikin fina na Tangier . 

## Hotunan fina-finai

### Fim din da fina-finai na talabijin

* 2002: Dawakai Whinny Kafin Faɗuwa https://www.imdb.com/title/tt28255271/?ref_=nm_flmg_t_14_dr
* https://www.imdb.com/title/tt28256465/?ref_=nm_flmg_c_12_dr: Taman al-Rahil [1]
* https://www.imdb.com/title/tt28255886/?ref_=nm_flmg_t_11_dr: Ghazal al-Wakt [1]
* https://www.imdb.com/title/tt28254135/?ref_=nm_flmg_t_10_dr: Bab El M'Dina [1]
* 2008: Tsakanin Sunayen 
* : *[[Le temps des camarades|Lokacin abokan makaranta]]* [1] 
* : Ƙananan *[[Petits bonheurs|Farin Ciki]]* [1] [2] [3]
* https://www.imdb.com/title/tt13564394/?ref_=nm_flmg_unrel_1_dr: Jarida ta ciki (Post Production) [1]

### Gajeren fina-finai

* 1998: *Nassima* 
* : *Balcon Atlantika* [1] 
* : Baƙon ƙasa [1]
* : *Shekaru 30* [1]
* 2005: *Mawal*

## Manazarta
Tarik El Idrissi

**Tarik El Idrissi** (Arabic; an haife shi a ranar ashirin da daya 21 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 1978) shi ne darektan Maroko, marubuci kuma furodusa.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi

A lokacin da yake da shekaru 20 a cikin 1999, El Idrissi ya fara jirgin kamun kifi zuwa tsibirin Canary, yana taka rawar mai kula da jirgin. Da yake sha'awar bincika duniya da kuma gano ainihin kansa, wannan shawarar ta nuna farkon tafiyarsa. https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4489662/ zarar ya zauna a Madrid, ya bi sha'awarsa ga fim kuma ya gano kiransa yayin da yake yin fim a lokacin da yake makaranta.

## Aiki
Tun daga wannan lokacin, Tarik el Idrissi ya yi fice a matsayin mai shirya fina-finai, bayan ya samar, ya ba da umarni, kuma ya rubuta shirye-shirye uku da fim mai ban sha'awa, duk suna magance batutuwa masu mahimmanci kamar ƙwaƙwalwar tarihi, ƙaura, da asalin Berber. Hanyar da ya saba amfani da ita ta nuna ba kawai a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin ayyukansa ba har ma a cikin tsari, haɗuwa da bincika nau'ikan sauti daban-daban.

https://www.ccm.ma/en/cineaste-379 https://lecube-art.com/artiste/tarik-el-idrissi/?lang=en ƙari, ya kirkiro jerin shirye-shirye biyu da fim na talabijin na Maroko, yana ƙarfafa matsayinsa a matsayin mai yin fim mai tasiri a fagen bidiyo.

## Manazarta