Filin shakatawa na W

**Filin shakatawa na W** (Faransanci: *Parc national du W*) ko **Yankin shakatawa na W** (Faransanci: W du Niger) babban filin shakatawa ne a Afirka ta Yamma a kusa da bakin ruwa a Kogin Niger mai kama da harafin W (Faransanci: *double v*). Dajin ya haɗa da yankuna na kasashen uku Niger, Benin da Burkina Faso, kuma gwamnatocin ukun ne ke kula da shi. Har zuwa shekara ta 2008, aiwatar da tsarin gudanarwar yanki ya sami tallafi daga aikin ECOPAS na Kungiyar EU (Kare Tsarin Yanayi a Sudano-Sahelian Afirka, Faransanci: *Ecosystèmes protégés en Afrique soudano-sahélienne*). Gidajen shakatawa guda uku suna aiki a ƙarƙashin sunan W Transborder Park. (Faransanci: *Parc Yankin W*). Bangaren Filin shakatawa na W da ke kwance a Benin, wanda yakai sama da 8,000 km2 (3,100 sq mi), ya zo karkashin cikakken kulawar Parks na Afirka a watan Yunin 2020. A cikin Benin, W National Park yana haɗuwa da Pendjari National Park wanda shima yana ƙarƙashin kulawar Parks na Afirka.

## Tarihi

An ƙirƙiro Filin shakatawa na W na Nijar ta hanyar doka a ranar 4 ga watan Agusta 1954, kuma tun daga 1996 aka sanya ta a matsayin Wurin Tarihi na UNESCO. A cikin Nijar, an sanya wurin shakatawa a matsayin Babban Gandun Kasa, IUCN Nau'in II, kuma yana daga cikin manyan haɗaɗɗun wuraren adanawa da wuraren kariya. Wadannan sun hada da Dallol Bosso da ke kusa da yankin (Ramsar) a gabar gabashin gabar kogin Neja da wani bangare na karamin 'Parc national du W' (Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar)). Wuraren shakatawa guda uku sune BirdLife International Muhimmin Yankin Tsuntsaye (IBAs) na nau'ikan A1 da A3 (lambobin IBA IBA NE001, IBA BF008, da IBA BJ001).

## Labarin kasa

A cikin ƙasashe uku, Yankin Yankin ya mamaye kusan 10,000 km2 (3,900 sq mi) wanda yawancin mutane ba sa zama, kasancewar har zuwa 1970s wani yanki na Malaria na yankuna masu dausayi wanda ya haɗu ta hanyar tafkin Kogin Mékrou tare da Niger, wanda tsaunukan dutse suka farfasa. A tarihi, yankin ya kasance wani lokaci babban yanki na mazaunin ɗan adam, wanda aka yanke hukunci ta wurin mahimman wuraren tarihi na kayan tarihi (galibi kaburbura) da aka samu a yankin.

## Flora
A cikin gandun dajin, an adana jimlar nau'ikan shuke-shuke 454, gami da orchids guda biyu da aka samo a Nijar kawai. Wurin shakatawa kuma shine iyakar kudu na rarraba tuddai a filayen daji a Neja.

## Fauna
An san wurin shaƙatawa da manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa, gami da aardvark, dawa, da bauna na Afirka, da caracal, da cheetah, da giwar daji ta Afirka, da hippopotamus, da damisa ta Afirka, da zakin Afirka ta Yamma, da kuma dabbar daji. Wurin shakatawa na ba da gida ga wasu giwayen Afirka na ƙarshe na giwar Afirka. Koyaya, baƙauran rakumin dawa na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda a yau aka ƙayyade shi zuwa ƙananan yankuna na Nijar, ba ya wurin shakatawa. Park din W kuma sanannen abu ne na tarihi na tarin fakitin karen daji na Yammacin Afirka da ke cikin hatsari, kodayake wannan kifin na iya karewa yanzu daga yankin.

Gandun dajin na ɗaya daga cikin wurare masu karfi na baya-bayan nan don yankin cheetah na yankin Arewa maso Yammacin Afirka. Populationananan mutane 25 aka kiyasta suna zaune a ƙetaren haɗaɗɗen yankin W-Arli – Pendjari.

W National Park shima an san shi da yawan tsuntsaye, musamman nau'ikan ƙaura masu wucewa, tare da gano sama da nau'ikan 350 a cikin wurin shakatawa. BirdLife International ta gano wurin shakatawa a matsayin Muhimmin Yankin Tsuntsaye.

## Gallery

File:Elephants bath park w Niger 2006.jpg| sakin layi
File:Gazelle big road park w niger 2006148670716 94d943892c b.jpg|irin naman doya
File:Gazelle clearing park w niger 2006.jpg|dabbar daji
File:Gazelles grass park w niger 2006.jpg|a kewaye
File:Landsacpe dry stream park w niger 2006.jpg|wuri mai faɗi
File:Baboon niger parkw 2006.jpg|tantalus biri


## Manazarta


## Adabi
* Convers Arnaud, Chaibou Issa, Binot Aurélie, Dulieu Dominique (2007) La gestion de la transhumance dans la zone d’influence du parc régional du w par le programme ecopas: une « approche projet » pour l’aménagement de la périphérie du parc. Vertigo Hors Série 4. URL : http://vertigo.revues.org/761 ; DOI : 10.4000/vertigo.761
* Benoit M (1998) Statut et usage du sol en périphérie du parc national du "W" du Niger. Tome 1 : Contribution à l’étude du milieu naturel et des ressources végétales du canton de Tamou et du Parc du "W". ORSTOM, Niamey, Niger, 41 p. http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_6/griseli1/010016709.pdf
* Doussa S (2004) Les impacts de la culture cotonnière sur la gestion des ressources naturelles du Parc W. Maitrise, Université de Ouagadougou.
* Grégoire JM, Fournier A, Eva H & Sawadogo L (2003) Caractérisation de la dynamique des feux et de l’évolution du couvert dans le Parc du W: Burkina Faso, Bénin et Niger. 64 S. https://web.archive.org/web/20060515160415/http://www-tem.jrc.it/PDF_publis/2003/Gregoire_EUR_ParcW_2003.pdf
* Hogan C.Michael (2009) ''Painted Hunting Dog: Lycaon pictus'', GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg
* 
* Nacoulma, B.M.I. (2012): Dynamique et stratégies de conservation de la végétation et de la phytodiversité du complexe écologique du Parc National du W du Burkina Faso. PhD thesis, Université de Ouagadougou.
* Nacoulma, B.M.I., Schmidt, M., Hahn, K., Thiombiano, A. (2020): *A checklist of vascular plants of the W National Park in Burkina Faso, including the adjacent hunting zones of Tapoa-Djerma and Kondio*. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e54205. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e54205
* 
* 
* Rabeil T (2003) Distribution potentielles des grands mammifères dans le Parc du W au Niger. Doctoral Thesis, Univ. Paris VII. 463 S. http://tel.ccsd.cnrs.fr/docs/00/04/71/22/PDF/tel-00006931.pdf
* Price et al. (2003) The “W” Regional Park of Benin, Burkina Faso and Niger - Building on a Process of Regional Integration to Address both Local Interests and Transboundary Challenges. World Parks Congress 2003, Durban, RSA. In: Pansky, Diane (ed.). 2005. Governance Stream of the Vth World Parks Congress. Ottawa, Canada: Parks Canada and IUCN/WCPA. ISBN R62-375/2003E-MRC 0-662-40433-5. https://web.archive.org/web/20110706175402/http://www.earthlore.ca/clients/WPC/English/grfx/sessions/PDFs/session_1/Price.pdf
* W National Park of Niger. 2009. http://www.wwfus.org/bsp/publications/africa/108/190/chap2.htm
* Zwarg A, Schmidt M, Janßen T, Hahn K, Zizka G (2012) Plant diversity, functional traits and soil conditions of grass savannas on lateritic crusts (bowé) in south eastern Burkina Faso. Flora et Vegetatio Sudano-Sambesica 15: 15–24. https://doi.org/10.21248/fvss.15.18

## Hanyoyin haɗin waje

* Detailed Nigerien government tourist map.
* WCMC World Heritage Site Data Sheet
* UNESCO Page on W National Park
* BirdLife IBA Factsheet 'W' National Park .
* Le Parc du W du Niger (Niger, Burkina Faso, Bénin): Aires protégées Burkina Faso - Niger - Bénin. Centre IRD d'Orléans Research Summary, University of Orleans (France)