Operation Turus

**Operation Turus** suna ne na aikin sojan Burtaniya da ke taimakawa Najeriya a lokacin Rikicin Boko Haram . Firayim Minista David Cameron ne ya ƙaddamar da shi a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2014 a matsayin martani ga sace ƴan matan makarantar Chibok da aka yi garkuwa da ƴan mata sama da dari da kungiyar Boko Haram, mai da'awar jihadi a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya ta sace. Ƙoƙari na farko an mayar da hankali ne kan neman 'yan matan makarantar da suka ɓace, tare da Birtaniya ta tura ƙwararrun sojoji, hotunan tauraron dan adam da kuma binciken jirgin sama daga Royal Air Force . A cewar wata majiya mai tushe a jaridar *The Observer*, Birtaniya ta yi nasarar gano ƴan matan makarantar da suka bata tare da yi mata tayin ceto su amma gwamnatin Najeriya ta ki amincewa da wannan tayin da ta dauki lamarin a matsayin wani lamari na kasa baki daya. Yawancin 'yan matan makarantar sun ɓace.

Daga shekarar 2014, Birtaniya ta karkata akalarta wajen bayar da horo da tallafawa sojojin Najeriya don taimaka mata wajen daƙile masu tsatsauran ra'ayi. A shekarar 2015, an jibge sojojin Birtaniya kimanin Dari uku da hamsin a cikin ƙasar don ba da horo. Ƙungiyoyin oKoyarwa na ɗan gajeren lokaci (STTTs) ne ke ba da horo waɗanda galibi ana juyawa kowane mako shida. Aikin yana ci gaba da aiki, har zuwa Mayu 2022.

## Fage
Tun a shekarar 2009 ƙungiyar Boko Haram, kungiyar ƴan ta'addar jihadi da ke da sansani a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya, ta ƙaddamar da wani yunkuri na kafa daular Musulunci a Najeriya. Ya zuwa shekarar 2014, munanan hare-haren da ƙungiyar ta kai, ya yi sanadin mutuwar dubun-dubatar mutane. An shiga wani mataki na murƙushe gwamnati inda aka kafa dokar ta ɓaci a Borno da Yobe da Adamawa. A karkashin matsin lamba, an tilastawa 'yan Boko Haram komawa yankunan karkara, wurare masu tsaunuka inda suka fara kai wa fararen hula hari. Masu kishin Islama da suka tsere daga kasar Mali da ke kusa da su sun kara karfin alkaluman su saboda harin da Faransa ta kaddamar a can.

A cikin shekara ta 2010, a adawa da ilimin Yammacin Turai - wanda ta ce ya kauce wa koyarwar Musulunci - Boko Haram ta fara kai hari kan makarantu. Kungiyar dai ta shahara wajen kai hare-hare ga dalibai mata, wanda ta yi imanin cewa bai kamata a rika koyar da su ba, a maimakon haka ana amfani da su a matsayin masu dafa abinci ko kuma yin lalata da su. 

### Hare-hare kan ƴan Burtaniya
A shekarar 2011 ne Boko Haram suka sace wani ɗan ƙasar Birtaniya tare da wani dan ƙasar Italiya a Birnin-kebbi tare da yi musu barazanar cewa za su zartar da hukuncin kisa matukar ba a biya musu buƙatunsu ba. Birtaniya ta kaddamar da aikin ceto da rundunar soji ta musamman, ma'aikatar jiragen ruwa ta musamman ta gudanar. Yunƙurin ceto ya ci tura, wanda ya yi sanadin yanke hukuncin kisa ga wadanda aka yi garkuwa da su. A wani labarin kuma, Ansaru, ɗan ƙungiyar Boko Haram, ya yi garkuwa da wasu ma'aikatan gine-gine guda bakwai, ciki har da wani dan Birtaniya a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2013. An kashe mutanen da aka yi garkuwa da su ne da gangan a cikin watan Maris bayan da masu garkuwar suka yi kuskuren amincewa da tura sojojin Birtaniya a Mali (wanda ke goyon bayan Operation Newcombe ) na aikin ceto.

A cikin shekara ta 2014, an zargi ƙungiyar da mutuwar mutane 4,000 kuma ta sami tallafi daga wasu ƙungiyoyin ta'addanci na Islama, ciki har da al-Qaeda a cikin Maghreb Islam da Al-Qaeda a yankin Larabawa.

### Satar ƴan matan makarantar Chibok

A ranar 14 ga Afrilun shekara ta 2014, Boko Haram ta sace daliban mata 276 daga makarantar sakandare a Chibok, Najeriya. A cikin kwanaki masu zuwa, sojojin Najeriya sun sanar da cewa an saki mafi yawan 'yan matan ko kuma sun tsere, duk da haka iyaye sun yi iƙirarin cewa ba a san yaransu ba. Iyaye da yawa sun yi ƙoƙari su nemi ƴaƴansu kuma sun yi iƙirarin cewa ba su ga wata shaida ta goyon bayan soja ba. Manjo Janar Chris Olukolade daga baya ya yarda cewa bayanin da sojoji suka yi a baya ba daidai ba ne kuma "fiye da 200" 'yan mata sun ɓace. Rashin aikin gwamnati ya haifar da tashin hankali a Najeriya, wanda ya haifar da zanga-zangar da kuma "#BringBackOurGirls" hashtag trend a kan kafofin sada zumunta. A ranar 4 ga Mayu, Shugaba Goodluck Jonathan ya yi maganganunsa na farko na jama'a game da satar kuma ya sanar da cewa kasar na neman taimako daga Amurka da sauran manyan iko na duniya don magance "ƙalubalen tsaro" na Najeriya. Masana tsaro na Burtaniya da Amurka sun isa ranar 9 ga Mayu. A cikin kiran waya ga Shugaba Jonathan, Firayim Ministan Burtaniya David Cameron ya ba da goyon bayan Burtaniya wajen gano 'yan makarantar da suka ɓace.

## Aiwatar da aiki

### Neman ƴan matan makarantar da suka bata
A cikin watan Mayun shekara ta 2014, Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Royal Air Force ta tura wani jirgin leken asiri na Sentinel R1 daga No. 5 Squadron RAF don taimakawa wajen neman ƴan matan makarantar da suka bace. Jirgin dai ya kasance ne a birnin Accra na kasar Ghana kuma an samu kura-kurai a lokacin da aka tura shi. Daga baya aka gyara shi a Senegal kuma aka koma aiki. A cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan guda 10, jirgin ya yi taswira a duk faɗin Najeriya ta hanyar amfani da na'urar radar mai motsi mai motsi (SAR/MTI). An kuma tura wata tawaga da ta ƙunshi mashawartan sojoji zuwa Abuja, babban birnin Najeriya, domin yin aiki tare da irin tawagogin Amurka da Faransa. Tushen ya ƙara haɓaka ƙungiyar Ba da Shawarar Soja ta Biritaniya (BMATT) kuma ta haɗa da ma'aikatan soji na musamman. 

A cewar *The Observer*, RAF ta yi nasarar gano ƴan matan makarantar da aka yi garkuwa da su, tare da yin tayin ceto su, amma gwamnatin Najeriya ta ki yarda. Bayanan da aka samu daga tarurrukan da aka samu ta dokar ‘yancin yada labarai sun nuna cewa Najeriya ta yi watsi da tayin da kasashen duniya suka yi na ceto ƴan matan saboda ta dauki lamarin a matsayin “batun kasa”.

A cikin watan Agustan shekara ta 2014, an tura jiragen saman Tornado GR4 guda uku daga lamba 2 Squadron RAF zuwa Chadi. Jirgin da ke N'Djamena, jirgin ya yi shawagi a cikin Najeriya sanye da faifan bincike na RAPTOR tare da tallafa wa neman 'yan matan makarantar da suka bace.    Rundunar ta ƙunshi jami'an soji 91 kuma sun koma Burtaniya a ranar 17 ga Oktoba.  An yi kusan iri guda 56, gami da jigilar kaya daga Burtaniya. Har ila yau, jiragen ba su da makami kuma ba su buƙatar tallafin tanka. Birtaniya kuma ta ba da hotunan tauraron dan adam.

### Manufar horo
A watan Yunin 2014, Sakataren Harkokin Wajen Birtaniya William Hague ya sanar da cewa Birtaniya za ta kara yawan tallafin da take baiwa Najeriya a fannin soji, ciki har da shirin horar da kwararru.

A cikin 2015, Birtaniya ta aika da sojoji kusan 130 a Najeriya, ciki har da Ƙungiyoyin Horar da Ƙwararru (STTT) waɗanda akasari ke samun tallafi daga Bataliya ta 2, The Royal Anglian Regiment. A cikin Disamba, Sakataren Tsaro Michael Fallon ya sanar da cewa za a ninka wannan runduna zuwa "har zuwa 300" a cikin 2016.  STTT's yawanci ana tura su akan jujjuyawar mako shida. 

A shekarar 2016, an tura tawagar jami’an RAF domin bayar da horon da sojojin saman Najeriya ke yi kan tsaron filin jiragen sama da yaki da ƴan tada ƙayar baya. Bataliya ta 2, The Royal Anglian Regiment ta kasance a cikin ƙasar har zuwa 2016 kuma ta ba da horo kan ƙwarewar sojan ƙasa, al'amuran farar hula, IEDs da jagoranci.  Kusan jami'an sojan Najeriya 1,000 ne suka ci gajiyar horon sojan Burtaniya.  An tura jami'an soji 350 na Burtaniya zuwa kasar, ciki har da 101 (Birnin London) Injiniya Regiment . 

A cikin shekara ta 2017, an tura jami'an soji 700 na Burtaniya zuwa Najeriya, ciki har da ma'aikatan Brigade na 7th Infantry Brigade da na RAF Regiment, suna horar da sama da jami'an sojin Najeriya 28,500.  STTT na uku a cikin shirin na shekaru biyar ya ga hannun hannu daga No. 5 Royal Air Force Protection Wing da No. 51 Squadron RAF Regiment . 

A cikin shekara ta 2018, Burtaniya ta faɗaɗa samar da kayan aiki da horo, inda ta horar da jami'an soja 30,000 tun daga 2015.  

A cikin shekara ta 2019, No. 5 Force Protection Wing RAF ya tura na takwas na STTTs goma. Kimanin kilogiram 7,000 na kayan aikin da suka dace don turawa an yi jigilar su ta jirgin jigilar jigilar A400M Atlas. Rundunar ƴan sandan RAF kuma sun shiga cikin wannan turawa tare da ba da horo kan karnuka masu aiki da sojoji, da bayanan sirri da kuma binciken kwararru. 

A watan Mayun shekara ta 2022, Kanar Sojan Burtaniya Neil Wright MBE ya karɓi ragamar aikin. An tura sojoji daga Rundunar Yorkshire don ba da horo a watan Agusta.

## Duba kuma

* Operation Newcombe – Irin wannan farmakin na sojan Birtaniyya don taimakawa ayyukan yaƙi da ƴan tawaye a Mali.

## Nassoshi