Dorothy V. M. Bishop

**Dorothy Vera Margaret Bishop** (an haife ta a ranar 14 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1952) masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam ne na Burtaniya wanda ke da ƙwarewa a cikin rikice-rikicen ci gaba  musamman, raunin harshe na ci gaba. Ita ce Farfesa Emeritus na Ci gaban Neuropsychology a Jami'ar Oxford, inda ta yi aiki daga 1998 har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a 2022. Ita 'yar girmamawa ce ta Kwalejin St John, Oxford .

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Bishop a Ilford, Gabashin London, a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 1952 .  A shekara ta 1973, ta sami digiri na farko na Arts tare da girmamawa a cikin ilimin halayyar gwaji daga Kwalejin St Hugh, Oxford .  A shekara ta 1975, ta kammala karatun ta na Master of Philosophy a cikin Clinical Psychology a Jami'ar London .  A shekara ta 1978, Bishop ta kammala Dokta na Falsafa a Jami'ar Oxford .  

Yayinda take karatu don digiri na farko, Bishop ta ci gaba da sha'awar rikice-rikice. Bayan ta MPhil, ta koma Oxford don yin aiki tare da Freda Newcombe  a Neuropsychology Unit a Radcliffe Infirmary .  Newcombe ta jagoranci Bishop zuwa ga shari'o'in yara da ke fama da rikice-rikicen harshe na ci gaba [1] kuma ta kaddamar da aikinta a matsayin masanin ilimin jijiyoyin ci gaba.

## Bincike da aiki
Binciken Bishop ya kunshi Psychology, Neuroscience, Genetics, Language and Developmental Disorders.

Tana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa kamfen ɗin da aka jagoranta na bidiyo, RALLI ("Raising Awareness of Language Learning Impairments", yanzu ana kiranta RADLD), wanda ke da niyyar haɓaka wayar da kan jama'a game da raunin ilmantarwa na harshe, gami da takamaiman raunin harshe.

Bishop ta wallafa wasu ayyukanta na ilimi a matsayin D.V.M. Bishop . Wannan shine don kauce wa duk wani nuna bambanci da za a iya gudanar da shi a matsayin mace mai ilimi.

Dorothy Bishop ta kasance Farfesa a fannin Neuropsychology a Jami'ar Oxford  inda, ta sami tallafin Wellcome Trust, ta jagoranci jerin bincike game da rikice-rikicen sadarwa na yara.  Har ila yau, Cibiyar Binciken Kiwon Lafiya (MRC) ta ba da kuɗin bincikenta. Ta yi ritaya a shekarar 2022.

### Jerin Sadarwar Yara
A cikin 1998, Bishop ta kirkiro abin da ta kira Checklist na Sadarwar Yara (CCC).  Manufar CCC ita ce ta taimaka wajen gano yara waɗanda ba su da wani dalili na kuskuren sadarwa. CCC musamman ta nemi gano harshe mai amfani da takamaiman raunin harshe. CCC ta ba Bishop da sauran masu bincike damar gano raunin harshe amma suna ba da alamomi ga wasu cututtukan da ba su da tabbas kamar su autism mai aiki, Rashin kulawa, ko cutar Williams. An saki na biyu, sabuntawa, na CCC a shekara ta 2001.

### CATALISE
Lokacin da Bishop ta fara karatunta na rikice-rikice na fahimta, bincike game da ci gaban harshe yana da iyaka. Kodayake an gudanar da ƙarin bincike, babu wani tsari mai haɗin kai na bincike ga kwararru su dogara da su yayin tantancewa da gano yara da ke da rikicewar harshe. A cikin 2016, Bishop ya fara Aikin Delphi mai yawa. A cikin wannan aikin, Bishop yana ƙoƙari ya ayyana ka'idojin da aka saita don gano yara waɗanda zasu iya buƙatar shiga tsakani ta hanyar nazarin ƙasashe da yawa.[1] A matakin farko na wannan binciken, shiga kwararru 59 daga fannoni kamar ilimi, maganin harshe, da ilimin yara daga kasashe da yawa ciki har da New Zealand, Ingila, da Amurka sun ba da ƙwarewa da gogewa.[1] Masu binciken sun gabatar da binciken ga kwamitin da suka amince da yarjejeniya ta 80%.[1] A mataki na biyu na wannan aikin, an bi irin waɗannan sigogi don ƙayyade abin da ya kamata a karɓa a cikin karatu da magani.[1]

## Manazarta