'Yancin Dan Adam a Transnistria

Gwamnatoci da kungiyoyin kasa da kasa da dama sun yi Allah-wadai da halin da ake ciki game da hakkin dan Adam a yankin Transnistria.  Jamhuriyar Moldova, da sauran jihohi da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (NGOs) suna da'awar cewa gwamnatin Transnistria mai mulki ce kuma tana da tarihin kamawa da azabtarwa ba tare da izini ba.

Tare da manufar da aka bayyana na gyara rikodin haƙƙin ɗan adam da kuma kawo shi daidai da ka'idodin Turai, Transnistria ta kafa ofishin mai ba da shawara a shekara ta 2006. 

Rahoton Freedom in the World na 2007, wanda Freedom House na Amurka ya buga, ya bayyana Transnistria a matsayin yankin "marasa 'yanci", yana da rikodin rashin lafiya a cikin haƙƙin siyasa da' 'Yancin jama'a'a.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
A watan Yulin 2007 Majalisar Tarayyar Turai, a cikin yanke shawara ba tare da ikon shari'a ba, ta yi Allah wadai da keta haƙƙin ɗan adam da hukumomin 'yan tawaye na Transnistria suka yi. Majalisar Tarayyar Turai "ta koka game da rashin girmamawa ga haƙƙin ɗan adam da mutuncin ɗan adam a Transnistria" kuma "ta yi Allah wadai da ci gaba da zalunci, cin zarafi da tsoratar da wakilan kafofin watsa labarai masu zaman kansu, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da jama'a".

A cewar wani rahoto na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka game da shekara ta 2006, "An ƙuntata haƙƙin 'yan ƙasa don canza gwamnatinsu... An ruwaito hukumomi sun ci gaba da amfani da azabtarwa da kamawa da tsare-tsare.... A cikin Transnistria hukumomi yawanci ba su ba da izinin yin taro kyauta.... A cikin yankin masu rabuwa na Transnistría hukumomi sun kasance babbar hanyar da kuma sun shafi 'yan tsiraru....

Jamhuriyar Moldova ta zargi gwamnatin PMR da shirya hare-hare a wasu kauyuka na hagu da gwamnatin Moldova ke sarrafawa kamar Vasilevca, wanda suke da'awar kuma ya haifar da kamawa, duka kuma wani lokacin har ma da mutuwa.

Yawancin laifuka da ake zargi da sojojin gwamnatin Transnistria suka yi ba a bincika su ba. Shugaban kwamitin 'yancin dan adam na Helsinki na Moldova ya yi iƙirarin cewa an kashe mutane 20 a ƙauyen Chiţcani, kilomita 5 a kudancin Tiraspol, tsakanin 1996 da 2000. Ya ce babu wani hukuma na gwamnati da ya binciki wadannan mutuwar saboda Moldova ba ta da damar shiga ƙauyen kuma hukumomin Transnistria ba sa son bincika.&nbsp;

A cewar wani rahoto na haƙƙin ɗan adam daga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, an ce kurkuku a Transnistria suna da tsanani.

A cewar rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2003-2004 da 2005, an hana 'yan kasa sauya gwamnatocinsu sosai; an ruwaito cewa hukumomi sun ci gaba da amfani da azabtarwa da kamawa da tsare-tsare. Hukumomin Transnistria sun tsananta wa kafofin watsa labarai masu zaman kansu da 'yan majalisa na adawa, sun ƙuntata' yancin tarayya da addini, kuma sun nuna wariya ga masu magana da harshen Romania.

Binciken 'yan sanda game da bacewar Sergei Gavrilov na Yuli 2004, wanda aka daure a kurkuku a Transnistria a farkon shekarun 1990 kuma an yi zargin ya shaida zaluncin 'yan kungiyar "Ilascu", ba a warware ba.  Mahukuntan yankin sun sha cin zarafi akai-akai tare da tsare mutanen da ake zargi da sukar tsarin mulki har na tsawon watanni da dama.  Alal misali, hukumomin Transnistrian sun tsare na sa’o’i da yawa kuma an ce sun ci zarafin ’yan’uwa biyu, ’yan shekara 12 da 15, waɗanda ’ya’yan wani malami ne a ɗaya daga cikin makarantun rubutun Latin da ke Transnistria.  Rahotanni sun ce mayakan na Transnistria sun yi bayanin cewa sun tsare yaran ne domin tsaftace birnin daga mutanen da ba su da matsuguni kafin zaben ‘yan majalisar dokoki na Disamba.. 

## Yanayin kafofin watsa labarai
 
A cewar Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), yanayin kafofin watsa labarai a Transnistria yana da ƙuntatawa kuma hukumomi suna ci gaba da kamfen na dogon lokaci don yin shiru ga muryoyin 'yan adawa masu zaman kansu da kungiyoyi. Sauran ra'ayoyin sun lalace ta hanyar yaduwar tantancewa

A cewar rahoton na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2006, "Dukkanin manyan jaridun yankin duka hukumomi ne ke kula da su. Akwai wata jarida mai zaman kanta ta mako-mako a Bender da wata a arewacin Rîbniţa ... Hukumomin 'yan aware sun tursasa jaridu masu zaman kansu don ba da rahoto ga gwamnatin Transnistrian ... Mafi yawan gidajen talabijin da gidajen rediyo da kuma hukumomin buga tallace-tallace suna gudanar da harkokin kudi na Transni.  Wasu cibiyoyin watsa shirye-shirye, irin su gidan talabijin na TSV da gidan rediyon INTER-FM, mallakar babbar hukuma ce ta Transnistria, Sherriff, wacce kuma ke da rinjaye a majalisar dokokin yankin .... A cikin watan Yulin 2005, Tarayyar Soviet ta Transnistrian koli ta gyara kundin zabe don hana kafofin watsa labaru da hukumomin Transnistrian ke iko da su buga sakamakon zabe da suka shafi zabe."

## Yanayin makarantun yaren Romania
Hukumomin yankin Transnistrian sun dage cewa a yi ilimin jama'a ga 'yan kabilar Moldova a cikin yarensu ta hanyar amfani da Moldovan Cyrillic na Soviet, kuma sun hana amfani da rubutun Latin na harshen Moldovan zuwa makarantu shida kawai.  Makarantu hudu daga cikin shidan da ke koyar da yaren Moldova ta amfani da rubutun Latin hukumomi ne suka rufe, wadanda suka ce makarantun sun ki amincewa da neman izini a hukumance.  Daga baya an sake bude makarantun sakamakon matsin lamba daga Tarayyar Turai, amma a matsayin cibiyoyi masu zaman kansu.     &#x5B;**&#x5D;

A cikin shekara ta 2010, Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai ta ayyana aikace-aikacen da aka yarda da su na fiye da mazauna yankin 100 game da rufe makarantun Moldovan guda uku a Transnistria (Tighina, Rîbniţa da Grigoriopol), suna zargin keta haƙƙinsu na kare rayuwar masu zaman kansu, ilimi da rashin nuna bambanci. 

Ofishin jakadancin OSCE zuwa Moldova ya bukaci hukumomin yankin a birnin Transnistria na Rîbniţa da su dawo da ginin da aka kwace zuwa makarantar rubutun Latin ta Moldova da ke cikin birnin. Ginin da ba a gama ba yana gab da kammalawa a shekara ta 2004, lokacin da Transnistria ta mallake shi a lokacin rikicin makaranta na wannan shekarar.

## Fursunoni na siyasa
A farkon watan Agustan 2019, an kama wasu masu ritaya da mazaunan Cioburciu, Tatyana Belova da Sergei Mirovich, kuma an yanke musu hukuncin shekaru uku a kurkuku saboda zagi Vadim Krasnoselsky, shugaban Transnistria na ainihi a lokacin. An bayar da rahoton cewa an sanya zagi a kafofin sada zumunta. Shafin yanar gizon labarai na Moldova NewsMaker daga baya ya ba da rahoton cewa an saki Belova a watan Yulin 2020 saboda ta "yi ikirarin laifinta", wanda Mirovich zai ki yi. Krasnoselsky ya gafarta wa Mirovich a ranar 29 ga Disamba 2021. Ya kasance a kurkuku har zuwa watan Agusta 2022. Mirovich a wannan lokacin ya kasance a yajin aikin yunwa na wata daya tare da Oleg Khorzhan, shugaban Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Transnistria. Dukkanin maza biyu sun kasance suna neman, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, cewa ba za a amince da sakamakon Zaben shugaban kasa na Transnistria na 2021 ba.

### Kungiyar Ilie Ilașcu
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan shari'o'in ya shafi Ilie Ilașcu, wanda aka yanke masa hukunci a 1993 na kashe jami'an Transnistria biyu. Kotun Koli ta Transnistria ce ta fara yanke masa hukuncin kisa. An sauya wannan zuwa hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai. An yanke wa wasu abokan tarayya uku hukuncin shekaru 12 zuwa 15 a kurkuku da kuma kwace dukiyarsu.

An saki Ilașcu a shekara ta 2001, biyo bayan yanke shawara na Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai (ECHR), yayin da aka saki sauran uku a shekara ta 2004 da 2007 lokacin da suka gama yin hukuncin su.

A cikin shari'ar *Ilaşcu da Sauran v. Moldova da Rasha* (2004), Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai ta sami tsare-tsaren su da gangan kuma ba ta amince da hukuncin ba. Har ila yau, ta bukaci Moldova da Rasha su saki sauran mambobin kungiyar Ilie Ilașcu, Andrei Ivanțoc da Tudor Petrov-Popa, a wannan lokacin har yanzu suna kurkuku a Transnistria.

Kotun Turai ta bayyana cewa hukumomi sun karya haƙƙin 'yanci da aminci ga dukkan mambobi huɗu na kungiyar, kuma cewa maganin da Ilie Ilașcu ya sha ya cancanci azabtarwa. Kotun ta kuma umarci Moldova da Rasha - wanda ke goyon bayan Transnistria - su biya su huɗun jimlar € 750,000 (US $ 1,000,000) a matsayin diyya don hana 'yancinsu, da kuma rashin lafiya yayin da suke tsare.

## Ƙungiyoyin addinai
Wasu kungiyoyi suna da'awar cewa ba a girmama haƙƙin taruwa ko ƙungiya kyauta ba kuma an iyakance 'yancin addini ta hanyar ƙin rajista ga Baptists, Methodists, da Ikilisiyar Allah Mai Rayayye. Hukumomin Transnistria sun kuma zargi Shaidun Jehovah da rashin kishin kasa da yada tasirin Yamma, kuma sun haɓaka kayan koyar da makaranta tare da waɗancan layin da ke ɗauke da mummunan bayani game da Shaidun Jehovah. A cikin shekara ta 2007, Cibiyar watsa shirye-shiryen Kirista ta Amurka ta yi tir da tsanantawar KGB ta Transnistria ga Furotesta.

## Rashin tsarki na makabartar sojoji
A cewar 'yan jaridar Moldavian da Romania, a watan Fabrairun 2007, hukumomin Transnistria "sun lalata kuma sun lalata" makabartar *Drăgalina* a Tighina (wanda aka fi sani da *makabartar Romania*, wanda ya ƙunshi / ya ƙunshi kaburbura na sojoji da yawa na Yaƙin Duniya na II), don haka sun keta Mataki na 34 da 130 na Yarjejeniyar Geneva ta 4. Hukumomin Transnistria ba su tono gawawwakin ba amma sun cire gicciye kuma sun daidaita filin tare da bulldozers.

A cewar fitowar Romania ta Deutsche Welle, hukumomin Transnistria sun ba da sanarwar cewa za a hura gicciye kuma a gauraye su da asphalt don gyara hanyoyin birnin. A cewar PMR News, hukumomi a Transnistria za su sake binne sojojin da aka gano a waje da birnin kuma hukumomi sun dauki matakai don kada a rasa asalin waɗannan sojojin da aka tono. Ba a dauki irin wannan matakai ba har zuwa yau kuma mazauna yankin sun ba da rahoton cewa ana motsa ƙasusuwa tare da bulldozers. An ba da shawarar gina abin tunawa ga sojojin Soviet a kan kaburbura da aka shimfiɗa. A cewar 'yan jaridar Transnistrian,  "Memorials da aka keɓe ga ɗaukaka da abubuwan tunawa suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ilimin matasa. "

An kafa makabartar a cikin 1812, lokacin da aka sake komawa kaburbura na sojojin Sweden da Rasha da suka mutu kusa da Ginin Tighina a cikin 1709. A cikin karni na 19, an binne shugabannin Don Cossacks da yawa, boyars na gida da 'yan majalisa a cikin makabartar. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, an binne 'yan Romania (mafi yawan kaburbura), sojojin Jamus da Soviet, da kuma POWs na Soviet a can. Kabarin Soviet suna cikin wani ɓangare na makabartar, wanda ake kira *Borisovskoe*, yayin da kaburbura 333 na Romania suna cikin ɓangaren da aka rushe yanzu, wanda ake suna *Drăgalina*. 319 da aka gano na Romania da sojoji 14 da ba a san su ba, da kuma fursunonin Soviet 13 an binne su a wannan makabartar.

## 2007—2010
A watan Maris na shekara ta 2007, an kama masu adawa da gwamnatin Transnistria da yawa yayin da suka yi kira ga jama'a don zanga-zangar adawa da manufofin gwamnatin Tiraspol. A ranar 19 ga Maris, 2007, hukumomin Transnistria sun kuma kama Ştefan Urîtu, shugaban Kwamitin 'Yancin Dan Adam na Moldova, da mataimakansa guda biyu, duk da gaskiyar cewa Urîtu yana da zama a Transnistría  Daga baya aka sake su. 

Mazaunan Transnistria da ke da motoci da aka yi rajista a Moldova sun ga hukumomin Transnistrian sun kwace motocinsu.

A lokacin zaben birni na Moldova a ranar 3 ga Yuni, 2007, hukumomin Transnistria sun hana mazaunan Corjova, ƙauyen da ke cikin yankin tsaro a ƙarƙashin ikon gudanarwa na Chişinău, daga shiga cikin zaben. An kama wani wakilin yankin, Iurie Cotofana, kuma an yi masa duka sosai don buƙatar asibiti. Magajin garin Corjova, Valeriu Mi临时, - wanda ke neman sake zabarsa - ya sami barazanar kisa. An kuma kama Valentin Besleag, dan takarar ofishin magajin gari na Corjova.

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2010 an kama ɗan jarida Ernest Vardanean, ana zarginsa da leken asiri don goyon bayan Moldova.

Irin wannan shari'ar ita ce ta Ilie Cazacu daga Bender, wanda aka kama a ranar 19 ga Maris 2010 saboda cin amana da leken asiri don goyon bayan Moldova. Kamar yadda iyayen Ilie Cazacu ba su sami labarai game da shi ba, sun fara yajin aikin yunwa a gaban Ofishin Jakadancin Rasha a Chişinău a watan Yunin 2010. A ranar 31 ga Oktoba 2011 Shugaba Smirnov ya gafarta wa Ilie Cazacu kuma ya sake shi.

A ranar 18 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2010 kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Moldova ta Promo-Lex ta zargi hukumomin Transnistria da tsare Elena Dobroviţcaia daga Bender, wacce aka kama da zargin saboda mahaifiyarta ta tafi asibiti a Chişinău maimakon gabatar da kanta bisa bukatar hukumomi daga Bender. Kafofin yada labarai na Moldova sun yi ƙoƙari su haɗa wannan halin da ake ciki tare da batun Ilie Cazacu. A ranar 2 ga watan Yulin 2010 Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ta Transnistria ta wallafa karyata, inda ta bayyana cewa an tsare Elena Dobroviţcaia a gidan tsare-tsare na wucin gadi na tsawon sa'o'i 72 saboda yayin bincike a gidanta an sami dubban rubles 40, mai yiwuwa na mahaifiyarta wacce aka zarge ta da zamba da sata. A cewar Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida an saki Elena bayan sa'o'i 72 na tsare.

## Ƙuntatawa kan gyara don keta haƙƙin ɗan adam
The Criminal Code of Transnistria criminalizes da musun 'tabbatacce rawa' na aikin wanzar da zaman lafiya na Tarayyar Rasha a cikin Pridnestrovian Jamhuriyar a karkashin Mataki na ashirin da 278-3 ta hanyar yin amfani da jama'a ayyuka, kalamai, ko amfani da kafofin watsa labarai, bayanai, sadarwa cibiyoyin sadarwa ta hanyar tara na 500-1000 rubles ko wani wa'adin zaman kurkuku na shekaru uku.  Haka kuma buga farfaganda ko nunin kayayyakin jama'a, alamar da ake dangantawa ga kungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ana hukunta su a karkashin Mataki na 278-4.  Dangane da haka, da gangan 'mika takardar karya ga hukumomin tilasta bin doka na kasashen waje' an kuma haramta a karkashin Mataki na 280-1.  Wannan bisa ka'ida yana takurawa mutum ikon yin korafi ga hukumomin duniya don yanke hukunci.  Hukuncin shine 2500-3500 rubles ko wa'adin ɗaurin kurkuku har zuwa shekaru 5 da kuma haramcin riƙe matsayi ko shiga cikin gwamnatin Transnistrian..

* Kafofin watsa labarai a Transnistria
* Makarantu na yaren Romania a Transnistria
* Rushewa
* Rashin jin daɗin Romania
* Laifi a cikin Transnistria
* Hakkin LGBT a cikin Transnistria
* 'Yancin Dan Adam a Moldova