Ezra Cornell

**Ezra Cornell** (Janairu 11, 1807 - Disamba 9, shekarar alif 1874) ya kasance ɗan kasuwa ɗan kasar Amurka, ɗan siyasa, mai koyarwa, kuma mai taimakon jama'a. Shi ne wanda ya kafa Western Union kuma wanda ya kafa Jami'ar Cornell. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kungiyar noma ta New York kuma a matsayin Sanatan jihar New York.

## Farkon rayuwa
An haifi Cornell a Westchester Landing a yanzu 1515 Williamsbridge Road a Bronx a birnin New York zuwa Iliya Cornell da Eunice (Barnard), maginin tukwane. Ya girma kusa da DeRuyter, New York. Shi dan uwan Paul Cornell ne, wanda ya kafa unguwar Hyde Park ta Chicago. Hakanan yana da alaƙa da Ezekiel Cornell, Janar na Yaƙin Juyin Juya Hali wanda ya wakilci Rhode Island a Majalisar Nahiyar Nahiyar Na Biyu daga 1780 zuwa 1782, kuma ɗan'uwan William Cornell ne na nesa, wanda ya kasance farkon mazaunin Rhode Island.

Farkon kakan kakannin Cornell na Amurka, Thomas Cornell (1595-1655), ya kasance Puritan kuma mabiyin Roger Williams da Anne Hutchinson kafin daga bisani ya rungumi Quakerism, bangaskiyar zuriyarsa.

## Aiki
Cornell da farko ya bi aikin kafinta kuma ya zagaya ko'ina cikin jihar New York a cikin wannan sana'a. Lokacin da ya fara kallon Lake Cayuga da Ithaca, New York a cikin bazara na shekarar 1828, ya yanke shawarar cewa Ithaca zai zama gidansa na gaba.

Otis Eddy ya dauki Cornell a matsayin makaniki don yin aiki a injin auduga a Cascadilla Creek. A kan shawarar Eddy, Jeremiah S. Beebe ya ɗauki Cornell hayar don gyarawa da gyaran filastarsa da injin fulawa a Fall Creek. A lokacin doguwar haɗin gwiwar Cornell tare da Beebe, ya tsara kuma ya gina rami don sabon tseren niƙa akan Fall Creek, dam ɗin dutse akan Fall Creek (wanda ya kafa tafkin Beebe), da sabon injin fulawa. A 1832, an sanya Cornell mai kula da duk damuwar Beebe a Fall Creek.

A 1831, Cornell ya auri Mary Ann Wood a Dryden, New York. Iyalin matasa da masu girma suna buƙatar samun kuɗin shiga fiye da yadda zai iya samu a matsayin manajan masana'antar Beeebe, don haka Cornell ya sayi haƙƙin mallaka a cikin takardar shaidar sabon nau'in garma kuma ya fara tafiya shekaru da yawa daga Ithaca. Yankunansa na sayar da garma sun haɗa da jihohin Maine da Jojiya. Ya sayar a Maine a lokacin rani da Jojiya mai laushi a cikin hunturu.

### Gidan waya
A cikin 1842, Cornell ya faru a cikin ofisoshin Maine Farmer, inda ya ga wani masani, F.O.J. Smith, ya lankwasa kan wasu tsare-tsare don “scraper” kamar yadda Smith ya kira shi. Don ayyukan da aka yi, an ba Smith kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na haƙƙin mallaka na telegraph wanda Samuel Morse ya yi, kuma yana ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar hanyar binne layukan telegraph a ƙasa a cikin bututun gubar. Cornell ya ƙirƙiro wani nau'in garma na musamman wanda zai tono rami mai tsawon ƙafa 6 6 (76 cm), ya shimfiɗa bututu da wayar tarho a cikin rami, sannan ya rufe shi sama. Daga baya an gano cewa natsewar bututun da kuma rashin ingancin wayoyi na hana wutar lantarkin da ke cikin wayoyi, don haka rataya wayar daga igiyoyin telegraph ta zama hanyar da aka amince da ita.

Cornell ya yi arzikinsa a cikin kasuwancin telegraph a matsayin abokin Samuel Morse. Cornell ya gina kuma ya ɗaure sanduna don layin telegraph na Baltimore-Washington, layin farko na telegraph na abu a cikin Amurka Don magance matsalar ƙarancin layukan telegraph, Cornell ya ƙirƙira ta amfani da insulators na gilashi a wurin da aka haɗa layin telegraph zuwa sanduna masu goyan baya. Bayan shiga tare da Morse, Cornell ya kula da ci gaba da yawancin layin telegraph, ciki har da wani yanki na New York, Albany & Buffalo line a 1846 da Erie da Michigan Telegraph Company, wanda ya haɗa Buffalo zuwa Milwaukee tare da abokansa John James Speed da Francis Ormand Jonathan Smith. Cornell, Speed, da Smith kuma sun gina layin New York da Erie, waɗanda suka yi gogayya da layin New York, Albany da Buffalo wanda Morse ke da babban rabo. An kammala layin a cikin 1849 kuma Cornell ya zama shugaban kamfanin.

A cikin 1848, 'yar'uwar Cornell, Phoebe, ta auri Martin B. Wood kuma ta koma Albion, Michigan. Cornell ya bai wa Wood aikin gina sabbin layukan kuma ya sanya Phoebe ma'aikacin telegraph, mace ta farko da ke aiki a Amurka.

Cornell ya sami babban arziki lokacin da aka haɗa layin Erie da Michigan tare da Hiram Sibley da Kamfanin New York da Mississippi sun kafa kamfanin Western Union. Cornell ya sami dala miliyan 2 a hannun jari na Western Union.

### Majalisar Jihar New York
Cornell dan Republican ne na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar New York mai wakiltar Tompkins County a 1862 da 1863 kuma memba na Majalisar Dattijan Jihar New York daga 1864 zuwa 1867, inda ya yi aiki a cikin 87th, 88th, 89th, and 90th New York 'Yan Majalisun Dokokin Jihar New York.
### Gidan litattafan kyauta na Cornell
Cornell ya yi ritaya daga Western Union kuma ya mai da hankalinsa ga ayyukan agaji. Ya ba da Laburaren Kyauta na Cornell, ɗakin karatu na farko na jama'a ga 'yan ƙasar Ithaca. An haɗa ɗakin ɗakin karatu a ranar 5 ga Afrilu, 1864, kuma an gabatar da shi ga garin a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 1866. Ginin ɗakin karatu na asali ya tsaya a kusurwar Tioga da Seneca Street har sai da aka rushe a 1960. Laburaren ya samo asali a kan lokaci don yin hidima ga gundumar a matsayin gidan littafin al'umma na Tompkins County.

Don girmama bikin cika shekaru 150 na kyautarsa, an rataye bangon waje na Laburaren Jama'a na gundumar Tompkins a watan Oktoba, 2016. 
### Wanda ya kafa Jami'ar Cornell
Mai sha'awar kimiyya da aikin noma na rayuwa, ya ga babbar dama a cikin Ayyukan Morrill Land-Grant na 1862 don samo jami'a da za ta koyar da darussa masu amfani daidai da daidaitattun kayan tarihi waɗanda ƙarin cibiyoyin gargajiya suka fi so. Andrew Dickson White ya taimaka wajen tabbatar da matsayin sabuwar ma'aikata a matsayin jami'ar ba da kyauta ta New York, kuma an kafa Jami'ar Cornell kuma an ba da izini ta hanyar ƙoƙarinsu a 1865.

Jami'ar Cornell ta samu mafi girman kuɗaɗen shiga fiye da kwalejojin bayar da ƙasa na farko, galibi daga ma'amalar gidaje da Ezra Cornell ya jagoranta. A karkashin shirin bayar da filaye, gwamnatin tarayya ta ba da takardun kwalejojin, takardun da ke ba da damar zabar wani yanki na fili. Gabaɗaya waɗannan kwalejoji sun sayar da takardunsu. Ezra Cornell, duk da haka, ya riƙe mafi yawan rubutun, yana tsammanin zai ƙara farashin. Ya kuma fanshi wani ɗan guntun takarda don ƙasa mai ban sha'awa ko don haƙƙin katako, gami da dajin pine a Wisconsin. Yayin da kwalejoji na farko na ba da izinin ƙasa suka karɓi kusan rabin dala a kowace kadada, Cornell ya sami matsakaicin sama da dala 5 a kowace kadada a 1905. Saboda waɗannan abubuwan mallakar katako, ana kiran garin Cornell, Wisconsin don Cornell.
### Kasuwancin hanyar jirgin kasa da rubuta wasiƙa
Cornell ya shiga kasuwancin layin dogo, amma bai samu nasara ba saboda firgici na 1873. Ya fara gina wani babban gida na Ithaca, Llenroc, wanda sunansa Cornell ya rubuta a baya, don maye gurbin gonarsa, amma ya mutu kafin a kammala shi. Llenroc ya kasance magadan Cornell ya kula da shi shekaru da yawa har sai an sayar da shi ga sashin Jami'ar Cornell na Delta Phi fraternity, wanda ya mamaye shi har yau; Forest Park, gidan gona na Cornell, an sayar da shi ga Jami'ar Cornell ta Delta Tau Delta fraternity babin amma daga baya aka rushe.

Babban marubucin wasiƙa, Cornell ya yi daidai da mutane da yawa kuma zai rubuta wasiƙu da yawa kowane mako. Hakan ya faru ne saboda tafiye-tafiyen da ya yi da kuma ’yan kasuwa da yawa da ya rike a tsawon shekarunsa na dan kasuwa da kuma daga baya a matsayinsa na dan siyasa kuma wanda ya kafa jami’a. Jami'ar Cornell ta sanya kusan haruffa 30,000 a cikin Cornell Correspondence yana samuwa akan layi.

## Rayuwar iyali\sirri
Ezra Cornell ya kasance ɗan Haihuwa Quaker, amma daga baya Ƙungiyar Abokai ta ƙi yin aure ba tare da bangaskiya ba ga "matar duniya", Mary Ann Wood, Methodist, a ranar 19 ga Maris, 1831.

A ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 1832, Cornell ya rubuta martani mai zuwa game da korarsa daga Ƙungiyar Abokai saboda aurensa: "Na yi la'akari da cewa zabar aboki don rayuwa abu ne mai mahimmanci kuma farin ciki ko damuwa a wannan rayuwa ya dogara ne akan zabi."

Ya mutu a 1874. Cornell yana shiga cikin Sage Chapel a harabar Cornell tare da Daniel Willard Fiske da Jennie McGraw. An binne Cornell da farko a makabartar Ithaca City a Ithaca sannan daga baya ya koma Sage Chapel.

Babban ɗansa, Alonzo B. Cornell, ya zama gwamnan New York daga baya. Tun lokacin da aka kafa ta, kundin tsarin jami'ar ya ayyana cewa babban zuriyar Cornell an ba shi kujerar rayuwa a kwamitin amintattu na Jami'ar Cornell, a halin yanzu Charles Ezra Cornell. (Charles Ezra Cornell ya ɗauki matsayi a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba, 1969).

A cikin 1990, G. David Low, wanda ya kammala karatunsa na Jami'ar Cornell da kuma dan sama jannati na Space Shuttle, ya tafi da shi zuwa cikin sararin samaniya wasu safa na siliki guda biyu da Ezra Cornell ya yi a ranar aurensa a 1831.

## Manazarta