Kenneth Fushi

Kenneth Anger (an haife shi **Kenneth Wilbur Anglemyer**, 3 ga Fabrairu, 1927 - 11 ga Mayu, 2023) ya kasance Mai yin fim na gwaji na Amurka, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma marubuci. Yin aiki ne kawai a cikin gajeren fina-finai, ya samar da kusan ayyuka 40 tun daga 1937, tara daga cikinsu an haɗa su tare a matsayin "Magick Lantern Cycle". Fim din Anger ya haɗu da surrealism tare da homoeroticism da sihiri, kuma an bayyana su kamar yadda suke dauke da "abubuwa na erotica, takardun shaida, psychodrama, da wasan kwaikwayo". An kira shi "ɗaya daga cikin masu shirya fina-finai na farko na Amurka",  tare da fina-fukkuna da yawa da aka saki kafin An halatta luwadi a Amurka.. Anger kuma ya bincika jigogi na sihiri a yawancin fina-finda; masanin sihiri na Ingila Aleister Crowley da mai bin Thelema, addinin da Crowley ya kafa ya burge shi.

An haifi Anger a cikin dangin Presbyterian na tsakiya a Santa Monica, California . Ya fara yin gajeren fina-finai lokacin da yake dan shekara 14, kodayake fim dinsa na farko da ya sami karbuwa shi ne homoerotic Fireworks (1947). Yanayin rikitarwa na aikin ya haifar da shari'arsa kan tuhumar lalata, amma an wanke shi. Abokantaka da dangantakar aiki daga baya sun fara ne tare da Masanin ilimin jima'i Alfred Kinsey . Da yake motsawa zuwa Turai, Anger ya samar da gajeren gajeren gajere da yawa waɗanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare su ta wurin, kamar Eaux d'Artifice (1953) da Rabbit's Moon (1971).

Komawa Amurka a farkon shekarun 1950, Anger ya fara aiki a kan sabbin ayyukan da yawa, gami da fina-finai Inauguration of the Pleasure Dome (1954), Scorpio Rising (1964), *Kustom Kar Kommandos* (1965), da kuma littafin tsegumi Hollywood Babylon (1965). Wannan na ƙarshe ya zama sananne ga da'awar shakku da ban sha'awa, da yawa daga cikinsu an karyata su, kodayake wasu sun kasance tatsuniyoyin birane. Da yake sanin wasu sanannun mutane masu adawa da al'adu na lokacin, Anger ya haɗa su a cikin ayyukansa na Thelema, Invocation of My Demon Brother (1969) da *Lucifer Rising* (1972). Bayan ya kasa samar da wani ci gaba ga *Lucifer Rising*, wanda ya yi ƙoƙari a tsakiyar shekarun 1980, Anger ya yi ritaya daga yin fim, maimakon haka ya mai da hankali kan *Hollywood Babylon II* (1984). A cikin 2000s ya koma yin fim, yana samar da gajeren fina-finai don bukukuwan fina-fakkaatu da abubuwan da suka faru.

Fushin ya bayyana masu shirya fina-finai kamar Auguste da Louis Lumière, Georges Méliès, da Maya Deren a matsayin tasiri,  kuma an ambaci shi a matsayin muhimmiyar tasiri ga daraktoci kamar Martin Scorsese,  David Lynch,  da John Waters  Kinsey Today ya yi jayayya cewa Fushin yana da "matsayi mai zurfi a kan aikin wasu masu shirya fina-finai da masu zane-zane, da kuma bidiyon kiɗa a matsayin nau'in fasaha mai tasowa ta amfani da jerin mafarki, rawa, mafarki, da labari. "  Kyakkyawan kyawawan bidiyon kiɗan kiɗa, wanda sabon ƙamus na gani ya bayyana, yana nuna amfani da Kenneth Anger na surreal da siffofin sihiri, da kuma mayar da hankali kan yanayi, launuka na farko, alama, da siffofin labaran da ba na al'ada ba.  

## Tarihin rayuwa

### 1927-1936: Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Kenneth Anger a matsayin Kenneth Wilbur Anglemyer a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 1927, a Santa Monica, California . Iyalinsa sun kasance Presbyterian, amma ya zama mai sha'awar sihiri. Mahaifinsa, Wilbur Anglemyer, ya fito ne daga asalin Jamusanci kuma an haife shi a Troy, Ohio, yayin da mahaifiyarsa mai nakasa, Lillian Coler (babba daga cikin biyun), tana da asalin Ingilishi. Iyayen Anger sun hadu a Jami'ar Jihar Ohio kuma bayan sun yi aure sun haifi ɗansu na farko, Jean Anglemyer, a 1918, sannan na biyu, Robert "Bob" Anglemyer ya biyo baya, a 1921. A wannan shekarar sun koma Santa Monica don kasancewa kusa da mahaifiyar Lillian, Bertha Coler, wacce ta koma can kwanan nan. A can Wilbur ya sami aiki a matsayin injiniyan lantarki a Douglas Aircraft, yana samun isasshen kuɗi don su iya rayuwa cikin kwanciyar hankali a matsayin iyali mai matsakaicin matsayi.

Kenneth Anger, an haifi ɗansu na uku kuma na ƙarshe a 1927. Yayinda yake girma, bai yi hulɗa da iyayensa ko 'yan uwansa ba. Ɗan'uwansa Bob daga baya ya yi iƙirarin cewa a matsayin ƙarami, mahaifiyarsa da kakarsa sun lalata Kenneth kuma ya zama ɗan "mai banƙyama". Kakarsa Bertha ta kasance mai tasiri sosai ga saurayi Kenneth kuma ta tallafa wa iyalin ta hanyar kudi a lokacin Babban Mawuyacin hali. Ita ce ta fara ɗaukar Kenneth zuwa gidan silima, don ganin takardar kudi biyu na The Singing Fool da *Thunder Over Mexico.* . Bertha ta karfafa sha'awarsa ta fasaha kuma daga baya ta koma wani gida a Hollywood tare da wata mace, Miss Diggy, wacce ita ma ta karfafa Kenneth. Ya ci gaba da sha'awar fim kuma ya ji daɗin karanta fim din da ke cikin littattafan Big Little. Kenneth daga baya ya ce, "Ni yaro ne mai ban mamaki wanda bai taɓa zama mai basira ba".  Ya tuna halartar Santa Monica Cotillion, inda ya sadu da Shirley Temple, wanda ya taɓa rawa tare da shi. 

Fushin ya yi iƙirarin a cikin *Hollywood Babylon II* cewa ya buga Yarima mai canzawa a cikin fim din Warner Brothers na 1935 A Midsummer Night's Dream, amma yarinya mai suna Sheila Brown ce ta buga halin. Mai ba da labari game da fushin ba, Bill Landis, ya ce a cikin 1995 cewa Yarima mai canzawa tabbas "Fushi ne tun yana yaro; a gani, nan da nan ana iya gane shi".

### 1937-1946: Fim na farko
In 1944, the Anglemyers moved to Hollywood to move in with family, and Kenneth began attending Beverly Hills High School. It was here that he met Marilyn Granas, who had once been the stand-in for Shirley Temple, and he asked her – alongside another classmate and an older woman – to appear in his next film project, which was ultimately titled *Escape Episode*. Revolving partially around the occult, the picture was filmed in a "spooky old castle" in Hollywood and was subsequently screened at the Coronet Theatre in Los Angeles.&#x5B;**&#x5D; Around this time, Anger also began attending screenings of silent films at Clara Grossman's art gallery, through which he met a fellow filmmaker, Curtis Harrington, with whom he formed Creative Film Associates (CFA). Harrington is said to have introduced Anger to the work of English occultist Aleister Crowley. Crowley's philosophy of Thelema exerted a profound influence on Anger's career. CFA was founded to distribute experimental or "underground" films, such as those of Maya Deren and John and James Whitney, as well as Anger's and Harrington's.