open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Shekarar Duniya don Tunawa da Yakin da aka yi da Bauta da Kaddamar da ita

Babban taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya ayyana shekarar 2004 a matsayin **shekarar kasa da kasa don tunawa da gwagwarmayar yaki da bauta da kuma kawar da ita** (bayan ta yi maraba da cewa UNESCO ta shelanta ta a baya). 

Kudurin Majalisar gaba dayansa (wanda wannan sanarwar sakin layi daya ce) Isra'ila, da Palau da Amurka suka kada kuri'ar kin amincewarsu, inda Australia da Canada suka kaurace. 

Shekarar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Duniya, tun daga shekarar 1959 zuwa 1960 na 'yan gudun hijira ta duniya, an kebe su ne domin a mai da hankali ga duniya kan muhimman batutuwa. Sanarwar shekara ta kasa da kasa don tunawa da gwagwarmaya da bautar da kuma kawar da shi ya nuna shekaru biyu na shelar Bakar fata ta farko Haiti, da kuma haduwar al'ummomin Afirka, Amurka, Caribbean da Turai.

Daga cikin shirye-shiryen da aka yi bikin tunawa da shekara, akwai nunin nunin faifai, Kada mu manta: Nasara akan Bauta, wanda Cibiyar Bincike ta Schomburg ta Al'adun Baƙar fata da Laburaren Jama'a na New York suka kirkira.

Wani yunƙuri da aka ƙaddamar a cikin wannan shekarar shine shirin bincike da bayanai, Baryin da aka manta. Kungiyar kula da kayan tarihi ta ruwa ta Faransa (GRAN) tare da tallafin UNESCO ne suka aiwatar da shirin. An yi wahayi ne ta hanyar tarkacen jirgin ruwa mai *suna l'Utile* da ke gabar tsibirin Tromelin a cikin Tekun Indiya a cikin 1761 kuma an yi niyya don zama wani bangare na yakin neman bayanai don wayar da kan jama'a game da tarihin bauta da kuma nau'ikan bautar zamani .

## Magana

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Shekarar Duniya don Tunawa da Gwagwarmaya da Bauta da Rushe ta: Shafin Gida na UNESCO
* Shafin gidan bayi da aka manta (a cikin Faransanci)
Yarbawa a cikin cinikin bayi na Atlantik

**Yarabawa** sun ba da gudummawar tasirin al'adu da tattalin arziki a kan cinikin bayi na Atlantic a lokacin tafiyarsa daga kusan 1400 zuwa 1900 AZ.

## Oyo Empire
Daga shekara ta 1400 zuwa gaba, nasarar da masarautar Oyo ta samu ya sa yaren Yarbawa ya zama *yare* kusan gaɓar Volta.  
A ƙarshen karni na 18, an yi watsi da sojojin Oyo saboda babu buƙatar cin nasara.   Madadin haka, Oyo ya ba da shawarar ƙarin ƙoƙari don ciniki kuma ya zama ƴan tsaka-tsaki don cinikin bayi na trans-Saharan da trans-Atlantic.  Turawan da ke kawo gishiri sun iso Oyo a zamanin Sarki Obalokun.  Godiya ga mamayar bakin teku, 'yan kasuwa na Oyo sun sami damar kasuwanci tare da Turawa a Porto Novo da Whydah. A nan an sayar da masu garkuwa da masu aikata laifukan daular Oyo ga masu saye na Holland da Portugal.

## Tasirin al'adu
Baya ga tasirin bautar, kuma daga baya abinci da harshe na Afro-Amurka, shigo da al'adun Yarbawa ya kasance mafi girma a cikin bayyanar addinin Yarbawa kamar Santería, Candomblé Ketu, da sauran abubuwan ruhaniya na gargajiya.

## Magana
Thomas Highflyer

**Thomas Highflyer** (1858 - 20 Yuni shekara ta 1870) tsohon bawa ne wanda aka haifa a Gabashin Afirka kuma wanda daga baya ya rayu kuma ya mutu a Brighton. 

## Ceto
Yana daya daga cikin 'yan Afirka 152 da aka gano a cikin wani jirgin ruwa na Larabawa a gabar tekun Zanzibar a ranar 24 ga Agusta, 1866 na HMS Highflyer .  An sa shi da wasu yara maza da yawa aiki akan HMS Highflyer, tare da Thomas yana aiki a matsayin valet kafin ya tashi a Brighton a 1868.  An nada shi Thomas Malcolm Sabine Highflyer bayan kyaftin din jirgin Thomas Malcolm Sabine Paisley.  

## Rayuwa a Brighton
Ya zauna a wani masauki a Babban Koleji Street, Kemp Town, tare da Henry da Eliza Thompson, waɗanda suke son ya sami ilimi. [1] [2] Ya halarci Makarantar St. Mark a Whitehawk, inda shugaban makarantar ya ƙarfafa sauran ɗalibai su yi masa maraba. [1] [2] Ya halarci Cocin All Souls, kusa da garin Kemp, wanda shine cocin farko da Reverend Henry Wagner ya gina. [1] An ba da labarin rayuwarsa a cikin wani littafi da aka keɓe don koyar da matasa game da Kiristanci da kuma yadda aka yaɗa kalmar Allah a dukan duniya zuwa irin waɗannan ƙasashe kamar Afirka da Indiya.

### Mutuwa
A 1870, ya mutu daga tarin fuka da digo . 

## Kabari
An binne shi a makabartar Woodvale .  Bert Williams, wanda ya kafa Brighton and Hove Black History, ya ce: "Yanayin Ingilishi bai dace da shi ba. Amma za ku iya gane ta wurin dutsen kabari mai tsada a Woodvale cewa ana ƙaunarsa. Mrs Thompson ta ɗauke shi kamar ɗa." 

A cikin Janairu 2018 an cire dutsen kabarinsa don aikin maidowa.  A watan Yunin 2018 ne aka gudanar da bikin shimfida masa sabon dutsen kabari.  Bikin ya hada da daliban tsohuwar makarantar Thomas, Bert Williams, shugaban Brighton and Hove Black History, da Paul Campbell, wakilin majalisar.  

## Magana

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Tom Highflyer - Tarihin Brighton da Hove Black
Sattleria dinarica

**Rubutu mai Gabis Antlers** Sattleria dinarica asu ne a cikin dangin Gelechiidae. Peter Huemer ne ya bayyana shi a cikin Shekara ta 2014.  [ba a yi nasara ba] An samo shi a cikin Dinaric Alps na Montenegro.

## Manazarta
Tawayen Wad Habuba

**Tawayen Wad Habuba**  wani tawaye ne a Sudan ta Anglo-Masar a tsakiyar shekarar 1908. Dalilan da ya haifar da adawar ko yaƙin addini na adawa da 'yan mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya na Kirista a Sudan, da kuma son maido da ƙasar Mahdist. Shi ne ya jagoranci mayaƙin yaƙi na Mahdist, Abd al-Qadir Muhammad Imam Wad Habuba. An fara yaƙin ne a watan Afrilu, lokacin da al-Qadir ya karɓe garin Tugur da mabiya 40. Daga nan ne tawayen ya bazu zuwa Katfiya. Hukumomin 'yan  mulkin mallaka sun ɗauki wannan tawaye da muhimmanci inda suka aike da wasu kamfanoni 2 na sojojin ƙasa don murkushe boren. A ƙarshen watan Afrilu, an sake kama Katfia ba tare da zubar da jini ba. A daren 2 ga watan Mayu, 'yan tawayen sun yi ƙoƙari su kwato Katfia daga Birtaniya, amma ba su yi nasara ba, tare da kashe 35 daga cikinsu a yakin, yayin da sojojin Birtaniya, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ernest Arthur Dickinson  (b. 1864,  Gwamnan lardin Blue Nile 1905-1914  ) ya sha wahala kuma ya ji rauni 17.  A ranar 3 ga watan Mayu, tawayen ya ƙare kuma al-Qadir ya tafi Omdurman akan jaki. 

## Manazarta
Wahehe War

**Yaƙin Wahehe (1891-1898)**    ya kasance babban haɗin gwiwa tsakanin mutanen Hehe na kudancin Tanzaniya, wanda Cif Mkwawa ya jagoranta, da Jamus a Jamus ta Gabashin Afirka ta 'yan mulkin mallaka. Yakin Wahehe ya fara ne da gagarumin nasarar Hehe a yakin Lugalo kusa da Iringa a shekarar 1891, lokacin da sojojin Mkwawa suka yi kwanton ɓauna tare da lalata wani ruƙunin Jamus ƙarƙashin jagorancin Emil von Zelewski. Daga nan ne Jamusawa suka ci gaba da kai hare-hare na soji a kan Hehe har sai da suka kwace sansanin Mkwawa a shekarar 1894. Mkwawa ya iya ci gaba da gwagwarmaya da Jamusawa har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekara ta 1898. Yaƙin Wahehe ya zama alama ce ta juriyar Afirka ga  ikon 'yan mulkin mallaka.

## Tarihi
Fadayda mulkin mallaka na Jamus ya kasance a fili karo na gaba da ikon mutanen Hehe wanda tun shekarun 1860 suka haɗe tsaunukan kudu ƙarƙashin sarakunansu Munyigumba Muyinga da Mkwawa. A cikin ayyukan soji Hehe na kai hare-hare zuwa yankunan da ke kan hanyoyin ayari da kai hari ga kungiyoyin da ke da alaka da 'yan mulkin mallaka ta hanyar yarjejeniyoyin. A sakamakon haka, jami'ai a cibiyar gudanarwar da aka kafa kwanan nan a Dar es Salaam sun yanke shawarar yin amfani da karfi tare da kafa yakin hukunta Hehe. 

## Yaki

### Harin mamaki a Lugalo

A cikin watan Yulin 1891, Emil von Zelewski ya umarci bataliyar sojojin Jamus Schutztruppe daga gabar tekun gabashin Afirka da kuma yankin Hehe, wanda ya ci gaba da lalata shi ta hanyar amfani da wata ƙazamin ƙasƙanci wanda ya haifar da lalata ƙauyuka da yawa.  A ranar 17 ga watan Agusta kusa da Lugalo, mutanen Zelewski ba su da leken asiri kuma mayakan Hehe kusan 3,000 ne suka yi musu kwanton ɓauna a ƙarƙashin Cif Mkwawa. A cikin 'yan mintoci kaɗan, Zelewski da yawancin mutanensa sun mutu, wasu kaɗan ne kawai suka sami nasarar tserewa. Daga baya aka sanya abin tunawa a wurin.

### Daga bayan rikice-rikicen Jamusanci da Hehe

A ranar 28 ga watan Oktoba, 1894, sojojin Jamus, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Kanar Freiherr Friedrich von Schele, sun kai hari ga sansanin Cif Mkwawa a Kalenga.  Ko da yake an kame sansanin, amma Mkwawa ya tsere ya kaddamar da kamfen a kan Jamusawa. Ya ci gaba da wannan kamfen har zuwa ranar 19 ga watan Yuli, 1898, lokacin da ya kashe kansa a sansanin Dutsen Mlambalasi don gujewa kama shi. An binne shi kusa da wurin. Shi ma ɗan’uwan Mkwawa Chambila ya yi jajircewa, ya yi yaki da shi har karshe. 

## Duba kuma

* Abushiri yayi tawaye

## Manazarta
Yaƙin Adibo

**Yaƙin Adibo** yaƙin ne da sojojin Jamus a shekarar 1896 a kan Dagbamba na Afirka ta Yamma a Adibo, yanzu a Ghana a yau.  Bayan turjiya da suka yi da hukumomin ƙasashen waje, 'yan ƙabilar Dagbamba sun gana inda suka kaddamar da farmaki kan 'yan sandan Jamus Schutztruppe da ke ɗauke da muggan makamai tare da rakiyar Lieutenant Valentin von Massow a kan hanyarsa ta zuwa babban birninsu a ƙauyen Adibo, wanda gwamnatin 'yan mulkin mallaka na Jamus ta aike da shi domin murkushe tawayen. Mayakan Dagbamba sun yi asara mai yawa a rana ta biyu na yakin, inda suka yi nasara bayan da aka lalata babban birninsu Yendi a ranar 4 ga watan Disamba, 1896.  Kashin Dagbamba suka sha ya baiwa daular Jamus damar kammala kafa hukumar tsaro ta Togo, wacce ta mamaye gabashin daular Dagbon. An saki yankin yammacin Masarautar ga Turawan Ingila kuma aka shigar da shi cikin Daular Biritaniya.

Rubuce-rubucen kutsen sun fito ne daga wasiƙun sirri da kuma diary na von Massow zuwa ga mahaifiyarsa, da kuma rahotannin da ya yi a hukumance ga Gwamnan Lome a ƙarƙashin sashin mulkin mallaka na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje a Berlin. Masu ba da labari na Dagbaŋ suna kula da bayanan baka daban na taron.

## Tarihi
Kafin shekara ta 1850, masu wa’azin mishan na Jamus sun kafu sosai a tsakanin ƙabilun kudancin Ghana da Togo a yau, amma Jamus ta fara kafa wata hukuma ta musamman a gaɓar tekun Afirka ta Yamma a ranar 5 ga watan Yuli, 1884. Sun ci gaba da ci gaba zuwa arewa kuma daga shekarun 1884 sun kafa Togoland protectorate a matsayin wani yanki mai karewa na Deutsch-Westafrika protectorate wanda ya haɗa da Kamaru. 

Buƙatar faɗaɗa ayyukan noma, tituna da layin dogo ya rinjayi ci gabansu; da kuma aiwatar da aikin tilastawa don waɗannan dalilai. Abubuwan da suka sauƙaƙa ƙaura zuwa lungu da sako sun haɗa da gina tashar jiragen ruwa a Lomé, sanya na’urar watsa shirye-shiryen rediyon Kamina Funkstation, da kuma ƙarancin juriya daga ƙabilun da suka ci karo da su kamar mutanen Ewe, waɗanda galibi suka zauna a matsayin masu rarrabuwar kawuna. 

A shekara ta 1890, balaguron Jamusawa sun shiga yankunan savanna na Ghana da Togo a yau, inda suka ci karo da manyan jaruman Dagbamba.

## Manazarta
Tawayen Barue

**Barue uprising** (wanda kuma aka sani da **tawayen Barue**  ko **tawayen Barue**  ) wani tawaye ne da akayi a shekarar 1917 a lokacin WW1 a Mozambique Portuguese.) was an uprising in 1917 during WW1 in Portuguese Mozambique. 

Hukumomin 'yan mulkin mallaka a ƙasar Mozambik ta Portugal ta ƙara zalunci a mamayar da suka yi a lokacin yaƙin.  "Ayyukan tawaye" da Birtaniyya suka soki, irin su aikin tilastawa, an ƙara yin amfani da su duk da kawar da bautar. Kungiyoyin 'yan jarida (*cipais*) sun yi amfani da tursasawa mafi muni don tara jama'a gaba ɗaya, matasa, tsofaffi da marasa karfi da ba a keɓe su da kuma yi wa mata fyaɗe. A ƙarshen shekarar 1916, samari da yawa sun gudu zuwa Kudancin Rhodesia da Transvaal don tserewa Portuguese kuma don samun albashi. Yanayin al'ummar da aka bari a baya ya kara taɓarɓarewar har lokacin da *cipais* suka yi kokarin tara wasu dillalai 5,000 daga masarautar Barue a cikin watan Maris 1917, jama'ar sun yi tawaye. Rashin kyama a ra'ayin Portuguese ya haɗa kan al'ummomi da yawa amma abokan hamayyar sunan Makombe na Wabarue sun yi yaƙi da kamfen masu zaman kansu, suna samun goyon baya daga 'yan fashi a cikin kwarin Zambesi. A ƙarshen watan Afrilu, 'yan tawayen sun fatattaki sojojin Portugal da aka aika don murkushe masu tasowa kuma suka isa babban birnin lardin Tete; A ƙarshen watan Mayu ya mamaye yawancin lardin Zambezia. Kimanin mutane 100,000 ne suka tsallaka kan iyaka zuwa Nyasaland na Birtaniya da kuma yankunan Rhodesian don tserewa tashin hankali amma rushewar bai yi kaɗan ba don canza rashin amincewar Birtaniya ga hanyoyin Portuguese kuma duk da cewa sun karɓi sojojin da za su taimaka wajen kawar da tawaye na Chilembwe, sun ki aika sojoji, kawai barin bindigogi da harsasai a kan iyakar suka yi.) was an uprising in 1917 during WW1 in Portuguese Mozambique. A cikin watan Mayu Turawan Portugal suka fara murkushe 'yan tawaye ta hanyar yanka dubban mutane, bautar da mata da kuma kwace yankuna. 'Yan tawayen sun yi kaca-kaca a cikin watan Nuwamba kuma masu adawa da sunan Makombe sun gudu zuwa Kudancin Rhodesia. A cikin watan Yuni dole ne Portuguese ta raba sojojinsu kuma suka aika da dubunnan sojojin Portugal da na cikin gida don kai hari kan Makonde da ke zaune a kan tudun Mvua, waɗanda su ma suka yi tawaye.  Wani tawaye kuma ya ɓarke a farkon shekara ta 1918. 

## Littattafai

* 

## Manazarta
Yaƙin Erego

**Yakin Erego** (wanda aka fi sani da **Beerdhiga**) ya faru ne a ranar 6 ga watan Oktoba, 1902, a Hodayo, kimanin mil 70 daga arewacin Galkacyo. Yakin ya haɗa da sojojin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ƙarƙashin jagorancin Kanar Swayne da sojojin Somaliya (wanda aka fi sani da Dervishes) ƙarƙashin jagorancin Haji Muhammad Abdullah Hassan. Derwishes sun ci nasara ta hanyar yi wa sojojin Ingila kwanton ɓauna.  Yakin ya kasance farkon rikicin yakin kamfen na Somaliland.

## Yaƙi
Sojojin Birtaniyya na cikin wani aiki na neman gano Hassan wanda aka fi sani da "Mad Mullah" saboda tsayin daka da ya yi ga 'yan mulkin mallakai. Wannan bincike ya kai su Erego, inda sojojin Hassan suka yi musu kwanton ɓauna. 

Da farko, Kanar Swayne, wanda ke jagorantar ruƙunin Birtaniya, ya yi imanin cewa ya ci nasara da Dervishes. Tabbacin cewa kama Hassan na nan kusa, ya aike da saƙon nasara zuwa London. Sai dai Derwish sun kaddamar da hari daga baya wanda ya katse hanyoyin sadarwa na Kanar Swayne da bakin teku, ya lalata Zariba da ya dogara da ita, sannan daga ƙarshe ya tilasta masa ja da baya. 

Wasikar wani jami’in Biritaniya ya bayyana halin da ake ciki a lokacin yakin:*"Ba wanda zai yaba wannan kasuwancin har sai ya yi latti. Muna cikin tarko na yau da kullum, kuma yadda za mu fita ba mu sani ba. Mun yi faɗace-faɗace, kuma mun yi asarar mazaje da yawa. Mafi muni shi ne cewa baƙar fata namu suna shawagi kuma an kashe raƙumanmu kusan an kashe ko an kama. Ba mu da ruwa kusa da mu, kuma muna kusa da kowane rijiyoyi. Ba mu da wani kayan aiki, kuma ba mu da kayan aiki guda biyu. kar a ce sun damu a gida abin da ke faruwa da mu, abin kunya ne a kai mu makafi kamar wannan.* Yaƙin ya ƙare da ƙwaƙƙwaran nasara ga Dervish.

## Bayan haka
Wannan balaguron ya jawo asara ga daular Burtaniya sama da dala 300,000 kuma ya yi sanadin asarar rayuka. Ya tabbatar da gazawa.  Dangane da mayar da martani, majalisar ta bai wa Muhammad Abdullah Hassan dala 15,000 a duk shekara bisa sharaɗin ya daina yakin. Sai dai ya ki amincewa da tayin. 

Kanar Swayne, wanda ya jagoranci ayyukan yaƙi da Dervishes, Ofishin Yaƙi ya tuno da shi don yin shawarwari. 

Nasarar da aka samu a Erigo ya kawo karramawa sosai ga lamarin Dervish. Frederick Quelch wanda ya yi yaki a Somaliland, ya ruwaito:*"Idan Mad Mollah ya ci nasara, sauran 'yan Mohammed za su kara sha'awar halayen Ubangiji na shugabancinsa, kuma suna tururuwa zuwa matsayinsa inda za su ci gaba da kasancewa a halin yanzu. Nasarar da Mad Mollah ya yi a kwanan nan a kan sojojin Kanar Swayne, saboda haka, manyan gungun masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ga sojojinsa. Matsalolin da Birtaniya za su yi wajen cin galaba a kansa za su kara yawan nasara."* Kafofin yaɗa labarai na kiran Muhammad Abdullah Hassan da sunan 'Mad Mullah' har zuwa lokacin da aka sha kashi a Erego. Bayan wannan taron, an sami sauyin fahimta.  Jaridar Daily News ta ruwaito cewa:*"Mad Mullah"...* *da alama yana ƙara nuna hayyacinsa', kuma ga mad, Mullah ya tsara dabarunsa da basira... shi ba wawa ba ne, wannan Mahaukacin Mullah'. *

## Manazarta
Yaƙin Mufilo

**Yaƙin Mufilo** (Portuguese; Combate de Mufilo) ya faru ne a ranar 27 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1907, a kudu maso yammacin ƙasar Portuguese Angola, a lokacin da Ovambo ya yi adawa da 'yan mulkin mallaka na Portugal.

## Manazarta
Rikicin Bizerte

**Rikicin Bizerte**  ya faru ne a cikin watan Yulin 1961 lokacin da Tunisiya ta ƙaƙabawa sansanin sojin ruwan Faransa da ke Bizerte, a ƙasar Tunisiya takunkumi, da fatan tilastawa ficewa daga ƙasar. Rikicin dai ya kawo karshe ne a faɗan da aka kwashe kwanaki uku ana gwabza tsakanin dakarun Faransa da na Tunisiya wanda ya yi sanadin mutuwar 'yan Tunisiya 630 da Faransawa 24.

## Tarihi
Bayan da Tunisiya ta sami 'yancin kai daga Faransa a shekara ta 1956, Faransa ta ci gaba da riƙe birnin da sansanin sojojin ruwa, tashar jiragen ruwa mai mahimmanci a tekun Bahar Rum, wacce ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a ayyukan Faransa a lokacin yakin Aljeriya. Faransa ta yi alkawarin tattaunawa kan makomar sansanin, amma kawo yanzu ta ki cire shi. Tuni Tunisiya ta ƙara fusata da jin labarin cewa Faransa na shirin faɗaɗa sansanin sojin sama.

A shekara ta 1961 ne sojojin Tunisiya suka kewaye tare da killace sansanin sojin ruwa da nufin tilastawa Faransa yin watsi da mallakarta na ƙarshe a ƙasar. Bayan da Tunisiya ta gargaɗi Faransa kan duk wani keta da aka yi a sararin samaniyar Tunisiya, Faransan ta aike da jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu da rashin amincewa. Sojojin Tunisiya sun mayar da martani da harbin gargaɗi. Dangane da wannan katangar, Faransawa sun aike da sojojin Faransa 800 domin nuna karfin tuwo.

Sai dai a lokacin da jiragen saman jigilar kayayyaki tare da ma'aikatan suka sauka a filin jirgin saman, sojojin Tunisiya sun yi musu luguden wuta da bindiga. A martanin da aka mayar, jiragen Faransa da ke samun goyon bayan sojoji ɗauke da makamai 105&nbsp;'Yan ta'addar mm sun kai hari kan shingayen hanyar Tunisiya, inda suka lalata su gaba ɗaya. Tankunan Faransa da motoci masu sulke daga nan ne suka yi birgima cikin yankin Tunisiya, suka yi luguden wuta a cikin garin Ferryville, inda suka kashe sojoji 27 da fararen hula. Washegari ne Faransawa suka kai wani gagarumin farmaki a garin Bizerte. Rokokin da jiragen Faransa suka harbawa 'yan Tunisiya sun lalata wasu ƴan matsugunan bindigu. Tankuna da jami'an tsaro sun kutsa cikin birnin daga kudu, yayin da ma'aikatan ruwa suka mamaye tashar jiragen ruwa daga jiragen ruwa na sauka. An ajiye jiragen ruwa na Faransa guda uku a teku. Sojojin Tunisiya, ƴan sa-kai,  da masu aikin sa kai cikin gaggawar shirya farar hula sun tsunduma Faransa cikin mummunan faɗan titi, amma manyan sojojin Faransa sun tilasta musu komawa baya. Faransa ta mamaye garin a ranar 23 ga watan Yuli 1961.

## Bayan haka

Da farko Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta ƙasa aiwatar da wani gagarumin mataki kan Faransawa, lamarin da ya fusata mahukuntan Tunisiya.  A ƙarshe Faransa ta miƙa Bizerte a ranar 15 ga watan Oktoban 1963, bayan kammala yakin Aljeriya.

## Duba kuma

* 'Yancin Tunisiya
* Sakiet Sidi Youssef
* Jerin Kwamandoji Maɗaukaki na Dabarun Tushen Bizerte

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* "Tunisiya: Ladan Ma'aikata" . *[[Time (magazine)|Lokaci]]* . 28 ga Yuli, 1961.

## Manazarta
Black Lions

**Black Lions** wani yunkuri ne na adawa da Fascist da aka kafa don yakar Italiyan Fascist a lokacin mamayar daular Habasha a yakin duniya na biyu.  

Kamar yadda Bahru Zewde ya lura, duk da "tasiri na gefe a kan Resistance" Black Lions sun yi "ƙoƙarin da za su ba na gwagwarmayar ra'ayi da siyasa".

## Tarihi
An kafa kungiyar ne a yammacin Habasha, kuma ta haɗa da mayaka irin su Shewan *Ras* [ nb 1 ] Abebe Aregai , da hazikai da dama waɗanda suka haɗa da 'ya'yan Hakim Workneh Eshete da Heruy Welde Sellase, da Yilma Deressa.  Shugabanta shine Alemework Beyene,  likitan dabbobi da ya yi karatu a Burtaniya. Kungiyar dai tana da kundin tsarin mulki da ya kunshi abubuwa goma, waɗanda suka haɗa da: tabbatar da fifikon fagen siyasa a kan sojoji, umarnin hana cin zalin manoma da fursunonin yaki, da hana mambobinta neman gudun hijira da kuma buƙatar su da su gwammace mutuwa maimakon makiya. 

An wargaza kungiyar sosai bayan miƙa wuya na *Ras* Imru Haile Selassie a ranar 18 ga watan Disamba 1936.  Yawancin mambobinta Italiyawa ne suka kashe bayan yunkurin da Rodolfo Graziani ya yi bai yi nasara ba a ranar 19 ga watan Fabrairun 1937.  Waɗanda suka tsira sun haɗa da Alemework da Yilma. 

## Cikakkun bayanai
Black Lions ne suka mamaye yunkurin juriya na farko a Habasha. Mambobin Black Lions sun haɗa da ɗalibai daga Makarantar Soja ta Holeta da Habashawa waɗanda suka yi karatu a ƙasashen waje. An kafa makarantar soji a shekarar 1935 kuma tana cikin Holeta Genet.

Black Lions sun shawo kan *Ras* Imru Haile Selassie ya shiga cikin su a gwagwarmayar makami tun yana cikin sauye-sauyen da suka haifar da harkar. Sarkin sarakuna Haile Selassie ne ya naɗa *Ras* Imru a matsayin yarima mai jiran gado a lokacin da ba ya nan. *Ras* Imru zai sake tsarawa kuma ya ci gaba da adawa da Italiya. Don yin haka, ya koma Gore a kudancin Habasha. A ranar 19 ga watan Disamba, 1936, bayan da Italiya suka kama shi a arewacin gabar kogin Gojeb, *Ras* Imru ya miƙa wuya. Daga nan ne kungiyar Black Lions ta ruguje, kuma aka kashe da yawa daga cikin mambobinta.

## Duba kuma

* Italiyan Gabashin Afirka
* Yakin Italo-Habasha Na Biyu

## Manazarta
Barbara McNees

**Barbara Bateman McNees** (an Haife shi c. 1947) ta kasance yar kasuwa ce ta Amurka da shugabar harkokin jama'a. Tsohuwar babban darektan Babban Cibiyar Kasuwanci ta Greater Pittsburgh, ita ce mace ta farko shugabar kungiyar. Ta kuma jagoranci Hukumar Haɗin kai tsakanin gwamnatoci a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, kuma ta kasance memba a kwamitin amintattu na Jami'ar Robert Morris.

## Farkon rayuwa da Iyali
Mazauni a yankin Greater Pittsburgh tun yana yarinya, McNees 'yar ma'aikacin niƙa ce. Ta sami takardar shedar karatu daga Makarantar Fasaha ta Tobe Coburn a New York,  kuma Kwalejin Geneva ta ba ta takardar shaidar digiri.

Bugu da ƙari, Cibiyar Gudanar da Ƙungiya ta Jami'ar Delaware a Dover, Delaware da Majalisar Ci gaban Ƙasa a Washington, DC ta ba ta takaddun shaida .

A cikin 1990s, ta zauna kusa da Connoquenessing Creek a wajen Ellwood City, kuma ita ce mahaifiyar yara biyu.

## Aiki
An yi aiki da Macy's a New York a matsayin manaja daga 1966 zuwa 1967, McNees ya yi aiki da sashen ƙasa da ƙasa na Bankin Ƙasa na Maryland a Baltimore (yanzu ɓangaren MBNA) daga 1968 zuwa 1969. Abokin tallace-tallace tare da Athes da Hanna Group Realtors Inc. a Salisbury, Maryland daga 1980 kuma ta ƙaddamar da Ma'aikatar Ma'aikata a 1975 zuwa 1980 Agency. al'umma daga 1978 zuwa 1980.

Memba na Cibiyar Kasuwanci ta Beaver County, ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban kungiyar daga 1981 zuwa 1988. Kasancewa cikin kungiyar ya ninka sau biyu a lokacin da take aiki.

Da aka nada ta a tawagar Gwamna a cikin Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, ta tuntubi jami'an hukumar daga ofisoshin raya kananan hukumomi goma sha biyu don gano hanyoyin da za ta dauki sabbin sana'o'i zuwa yankin da ta wakilta da kuma rike sana'o'in da suka kasance a can. Ta yi aiki a wannan matsayi daga 1988 zuwa 1996.

Daga nan aka dauki McNees a matsayin babban darektan Babban Cibiyar Kasuwanci ta Greater Pittsburgh. An nada ta a cikin 1996, ta yi ritaya a ranar 15 ga Agusta, 2013,  bayan ta zama shugabar mata ta farko na kungiyar.

## Manazarta
Babbar gasar nutso ta mata

Gasar mata ta manyan abubuwan nitsewa a Gasar Ruwan Ruwa ta Turai ta 2022 an gudanar da ita a ranakun 18 da 19 ga Agusta 2022.

Wannan shi ne karo na farko da aka gudanar da babban taron ruwa na mata a Gasar Cin Kofin Ruwa ta Turai ta LEN.[3]u6 An fafata gasar ne daga dandalin mita 20.

## Sakamako
An gudanar da zagaye biyu na farko a ranar 18 ga Agusta da karfe 18:00. An fara zagaye biyu na ƙarshe a ranar 19 ga Agusta da ƙarfe 18:00.

## Manazarta
Somerville ta kudu

Somerville ta Kudu Kalgoorlie
West Kalgoorlie Broadwood Nasara Heights
Somerville yanki ne na Kalgoorlie-Boulder, birni a yankin Gabashin Goldfields na Yammacin Ostiraliya.

## Manazarta
Gundumar Ayna

Gundumar Ayna ɗaya ce daga cikin gundumomi takwas na lardin La Mar a ƙasar Peru.

## Ƙungiyoyin ƙabilu
Mutanen da ke gundumar galibi ƴan asalin ƙasar Quechua ne. Quechua shine harshen da yawancin jama'a (62.57%) suka koyi magana tun suna yara, 36.67% na mazauna sun fara magana ta amfani da harshen Sipaniya (ƙidayar Peru ta 2007). Yawan jama'a kusan 900 ne.

## Manazarta
Kisan kiyashi na Oued-Zem (1955)

**Kisan kiyashin da aka yi a Oued-Zem** ya kasance wani babban boren Moroccan da ƙabilun da ke kewaye da Oued Zem suka yi, bayan tilastawa Mohammed V na Maroko. Wannan lamarin ya kai ga kashe Turawa mazauna birnin tare da yin arangama da jami’an tsaro na yankin.

## Tarihi
Kisan gillar da aka yi shi ne kai tsaye sakamakon gudun hijira na tilastawa Mohamed V,  wanda daga baya aka tura shi gudun hijira a Madagascar kuma ya maye gurbinsa da wani ɗan uwansa na nesa, Mohamed Ben Arafa. Dangane da martani, a ranar 19 ga watan Agusta, 1955 (kamar yadda majiyoyin Moroccan suka bayyana, ba tare da wata alama a Faransa ba), fiye da mutane dubu goma Moroccan ne suka fito kan titunan Oued Zem don neman a dawo da Sarkinsu. Sojojin Faransa da ke wurin sun murkushe zanga-zangar da karfi, inda suka kashe 'yan Moroko fiye da 12,000 (wasu shahidai a Maroko).   Washegari sai ƙabilun suka koma birni.

## Kisan kiyashi
Ƙabilun da abubuwan da suka faru sun haɗa da Bani Smir, Smaala, sauran ƙabilun Ouardigha, da Beni Khirane.  A cikin su, Smaala sun yi fice a lokacin da suke jagorantar al'amuran cikin gari.  

Lamarin dai ya fara ne da misalin karfe 8 na safe, lokacin da maharan suka isa Bou Jaad. Da ƙarfe 8:30, gungun 'yan ƙabilar Beni Khirane suka shiga birnin da manyan motoci da dawakai. Da misalin karfe tara na safe ne ƙabilun Smaala, Bani Smir, da Beni Khirane suka mamaye birnin.  Sama da mutane 20,000 ne suka kai hari a birnin, irin su Razias, har ma da kai hari a asibiti.  Da karfe 11 na safe ne aka sanar da runduna ta 2 ta 4 ta REI game da ta'asar da aka yi a Oued Zem.  Masu ɗauke da gatari, sanduna, duwatsu, da bindigu, 'yan Morocco sun harbe tare da jifan jandarmomi na Faransa a Oued Zem. Ɗaya daga cikinsu mai suna Gendarme Soumagne ya samu rauni sosai.  Na tsawon sa'o'i da yawa, Laftanar Bach da mutanensa sun yi ƙoƙarin kashe sojojin Smaala, a ƙafa da dawakai, mafi yawan makamai da bindigogi, daga kwata na Turai har sai da ƙarfafawa suka isa. Jandarma a wurin ya ruwaito tsakanin 50 da 75 Turawa sun kashe (fiye da 77 bisa ga Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen waje  ).    Bugu da ƙari, an kashe jami'an tsaro 19. 

Daga cikin jagororin kisan kiyashin har da caïd Bel Hajj [al-Smaali], ɗan ƙabilar Smaala kuma mai fada a ji.  Haka nan kuma babban hafsan sojin ƙasar Bendaoud ben al-Ghazwani al-Smiri na kungiyar Bani Smir, wanda ya jagoranci wani ɓangare na kisan gilla tare da kashe wasu Faransawa biyar, inda ya yi ta gwabzawa har zuwa ƙarshe ya ki miƙa wuya. 

## Bayan haka
A ranar 30 ga watan Agusta, 1955, babban ɓangare na mahalarta kisan kiyashin sun miƙa wuya kuma suka nemi aman (aikin jin kai na al'ada), suna ba da biyayyarsu don musanya zaman lafiya. An karɓi roƙonsu, kuma suka yi hadaya da shanu 12. 

A ranar 20 ga watan Agusta, 2023, don cika shekaru 68 na abubuwan da suka faru, gungun zuriyar shahidai 2,000 sun aika da wasika game da laifukan da suka faru a ranar 19 ga watan Agusta, 1955 zuwa ga shugaban Jamhuriyar Faransa Emmanuel Macron, amma abin ya ci tura. 

## Manazarta
Kisan kiyashi na Pya-Hodo

Kisan Pya-Hodo (Faransa: Le kisan gilla de Pya-Hodo) a Togo yana nufin kisan kiyashin da aka yi a ranar 21 ga Yuni, 1957. A wannan rana, tawagar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ziyarci kasar, a Pya-Hodo (a Kozah). Al'ummar kasar sun yi amfani da wannan ziyara ta tawagar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, karkashin jagorancin Charles T. O. King, wakilin din-din-din na kasar Laberiya a majalisar dinkin duniya, inda suka nuna rashin jin dadinsu da gwamnatin Faransa ta mulkin mallaka a kasar Togo da aka dorawa kasar.[1]

Da yake fuskantar fushin masu zanga-zangar, suna nuna rashin amincewa da kama dan kasar Togo, Bouyo Moukpé, Sojojin mulkin mallaka sun harbe taron da ke yawan zuwa kasuwar Hoda, inda suka kashe 20 kuma suka ji wa mutane rauni. Manufar ba ta da wata hanya sai dai ta yi nadama game da lamarin da ke da alaƙa da yanayin siyasa na lokacin, wanda ya bayyana a matsayin "mai wahala, mai zafi da kisa".

Masu rabuwa sun yi adawa da amfani da dokar tsarin na 23 ga Yuni, 1956 da aka sani da "Loi-cadre Defferre". Togo ba mulkin mallaka ba ce amma yankin da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba Faransa. Bayan wannan bala'in, an tilasta masa shirya zabe a karkashin kulawar wakilan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Koyaya, ba a sami 'yancin kai ba har zuwa Afrilu 27, 1960.

## Tunawa
Ana gudanar da bikin ne a kowace shekara, a ranar 21 ga Yuni, amma wannan Ranar shahidai, hutu ne na jama'a da rana ta hutu, kawai daga 2021. Yana tunawa da duk wadanda suka mutu a gwagwarmayar neman 'yancin kai, ba kawai wadanda aka kashe a kisan kiyashi na Pya-Hodo ba. A cikin wannan yanki na ƙasar Kabiyè an gina fararen marmara. An rubuta a can: "Sun mutu don Togo ta rayu". Abin tunawa ya kuma ambaci sunayen mutane ashirin da aka kashe a wannan kisan kiyashi.
## Manazarta
Rekayi Tangwena

Sanata Cif **Rekayi Tangwena** (c. 1910 - 11 Yuni 1984) basaraken gargajiya ne daga lardin Manicaland na gabashin ƙasar Zimbabwe, kuma ya kasance na Nhewa/Simboti totem (damisa).  Ya kuma kasance ɗan majalisar dokokin Zimbabwe na farko.

## Gudunmawar neman yakin 'yancin kai
An san shi a matsayin mutumin da ya taimaka wa Robert Mugabe da Edgar Tekere su tsallaka zuwa Mozambik domin shiga cikin kungiyar ‘yan tawaye  ta Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA) da ke yaki a daji da gwamnatin Ian Smith ta Rhodesian. Duk da haka, Cif Tangwena ya fi shahara da tsananin tsayin daka na ganin gwamnatin tsirarun fararen fata masu wariyar launin fata ta kori mutanensa daga yankunan kakanninsu, kuma ya ki ba wa farar fata hanya. Duk da kama shi sama da goma sha biyu, ya ci gaba da bijirewa tare da sake gina shi ko da bayan da sojojin matsugunan suka lalata matsugunansu.

Shi ne basaraken gargajiya ɗaya tilo a ƙasar Zimbabwe da aka ba shi matsayin gwarzon ƙasa, kuma an binne shi a Acre na Jaruman ƙasa  da ke Harare. 

## Manazarta
Tsarin tankin cascade

## Tsarin tankin cascade
Daga Wikipedia, encyclopedia na kyauta Ruwan sama ya mamaye wani tanki a Sri Lanka Tsarin cascade na tanki (Sinhala: එල්ලංගාව, romanized: ellaṅgāva) wani tsohon tsarin ban ruwa ne wanda ya mamaye tsibirin Sri Lanka. Yana da hanyar sadarwa na dubban ƙananan tankunan ban ruwa (Sinhala: වැව, romanized: wewa) yana zubar da ruwa zuwa manyan tafkunan da ke adana ruwan sama da ruwan sama don amfani daga baya. Suna ba da damar noma a cikin bushe-bushe, inda lokacin fari da ambaliya in ba haka ba yana da wahala a tallafawa filayen paddy da dabbobi.. Ya samo asali a cikin karni na 1st KZ,  an tsara tsarin a matsayin Tsarin Gadon Noma Mai Muhimmanci a Duniya ta Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Noma ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a cikin 2017. An aiwatar da tsarin kula da tsarin mulki na tsakiya daga ƙarni na 3 zuwa na 13. An ci gaba da kula da ƙananan tsare-tsare da kyau har zuwa lokacin da aka soke aikin dole, biyo bayan haɗin gwiwar Biritaniya na iko da tsibirin. Kokarin da aka yi tun bayan samun 'yancin kai na gyaran tankunan ya sa an dawo da yawancin tsarin, tare da kara da hade sabbin tafkunan. Tafkunan tafkunan sun kai kashi 2.7% na fadin kasar kuma suna da matukar tasiri a yanayin yanayin tsibirin..
Etymology Wurin kamawa a cikin tsarin ana kiransa wewa (වැව) a cikin Sinhala, kuma ana fassara wannan kalmar zuwa Turanci a matsayin "tanki".Ana haɗa waɗannan tankuna a cikin jeri, ana magana da su a matsayin kascade, ta yadda za a iya amfani da magudanar ruwa, ko adana don amfanin gaba, ko isar da su zuwa wani wuri.[7] Kalmar asali a cikin Sinhala na kascade shine ellaṅgāva, wanda kalma ce mai hade da hada ellaṁ ("hange") da gāva ("kusa da juna")..Geography Tsarin cascade na tanki yana da yawa a cikin yanki mai ƙazamin arewa-tsakiya na tsibirin, wanda ke fuskantar zafin equatorial, iyakanceccen ruwan ruwa, da yanayin ruwan sama mara kyau. Zagayowar damina a yankin, haɗe tare da ƙarancin riƙe ruwa a cikin ƙasan yankin, yana haifar da ƙarancin ajiyar ruwa na ƙasa, ƙimar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙazanta, da ƙarancin hazo mai ƙanƙanta ko ma'ana, ma'ana cewa "a cikin wannan yanki mai wuyar dutse ... babu kwanciyar hankali na ɗan adam da zai yiwu ba tare da komawa ga ajiyar ruwa a cikin ƙananan tankuna ba." “Sakamakon yanayi mara kyau” na yankin busasshen tsibirin kuma ya dace da gina tafki ko tafki, tare da ƙananan madatsun ruwa suna iya ƙirƙirar manyan tafki. Gabaɗaya, Sri Lanka na da manyan madatsun ruwa 80 da tankunan tankuna 18,000. Tsakanin tankuna 10,000 zuwa 14,000 suna aiki sosai azaman tushen ban ruwa; Yawancin waɗannan suna riƙe da ruwa a cikin yankin bushewa na arewa ta tsakiya.[13][11] An yi kiyasin jimillar fadin dukkan tafkunan ruwa a Sri Lanka a shekarar 1988 zuwa hekta 175,774 (1,758 km2), kashi 2.7% na yankin kasar. Daga cikin wannan, hectare 39,000[a] yayi daidai da manyan tsoffin tafki guda 44 kawai.[6]
## Manazarta
Yaƙin Bembezi

**Yaƙin Bembezi** (1 Nuwamba 1893) yaƙin farko ne na Matabele, tsakanin Kamfanin Burtaniya na Afirka ta Kudu da Masarautar Ndebele .

## Yaƙi
Yaƙin ya faru ne a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1893. Wannan shi ne yaƙi mafi yanke hukunci da Kamfanin Burtaniya na Afirka ta Kudu ya ci a Yaƙin Matabele na Farko na 1893. Kamfanin Burtaniya na Afirka ta Kudu ya wuce zuwa wuraren Ndebele kuma an kusan yi musu kwanton bauna, duk da haka saboda batutuwan umarni sun bi wata hanya tare da mashin Ndebele yana jiran su. Ko da yake sun fi yawa sosai, (maza 10,000 zuwa 700), bindigogin BSAC Maxim sun tabbatar da mafi girman lambobin Ndebele. Bayan ci gaba da yin asara mai yawa, Ndebele ya fara ja da baya. An kashe Ndebele kusan 2,500 lokacin da aka gama harbin. Bayan da aka sha kashi mai ban mamaki, sai sarki Lobengula ya gudu daga yakin; karshen yakin Matabele na farko ya kusa.

## Tunawa
Gidajen tarihi da abubuwan tunawa na Zimbabwe sun gina wani abin tunawa a cikin 1961. Abin tunawa ya ƙunshi rubutu a cikin Turanci da kuma karatun Ndebele:
 

## Kiɗa
John Edmond ya rubuta waƙar *Battle of Bembezi* a cikin 1979 game da abubuwan da suka faru na yaƙin.  

## Nassoshi

*
Yaƙin Volta-Bani

**Yakin Volta-Bani** wani tawaye ne na adawa da 'yan mulkin mallaka wanda ya faru a yammacin Afirka ta Faransa (musamman, yankunan Burkina Faso da Mali na zamani) tsakanin shekarun 1915 zuwa 1917. Yaƙi ne tsakanin ƴan asalin Afirka da ya samo asali daga ƙawancen  jama'ar yankin da suka tashi da sojojin Faransa. A lokacin da ya faɗaɗa a cikin shekarar 1916 'yan tawayen sun tattara daga mutane 15,000-20,000 kuma sun yi yaki a ɓangarori da yawa. Bayan kimanin shekara guda da koma baya da dama, sojojin Faransa sun fatattaki 'yan tada kayar baya tare da ɗaure shugabanninsu a kurkuku ko kuma kashe su amma tsayin dakar ta ci gaba har zuwa shekara ta 1917. 

Yakin dai ya faro ne bayan damina ta shekarar 1915 inda wasu wakilai daga ƙauyuka kusan goma sha biyu suka taru a Bona inda suka kuduri aniyar ɗaukar makamai domin yakar 'yan mamaya na Faransa.  Wannan ya faru ne a yanayin yakin duniya na ɗaya  da shigar da sojojin Faransa. An kuma yi hasashen cewa za a iya doke gwamnatin 'yan  mulkin mallaka a wannan lokaci na rauni. An shiga matakai daban-daban yayin da sojojin 'yan  mulkin mallaka suka shirya yakin murkushe su guda biyu amma da farko sun ƙasa cimma manufarsu, ta fuskar adawa mai tsanani da dabaru masu kyau. Yaƙin Volta-Bani na ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu adawa da gwamnatin 'yan mulkin mallaka a ko'ina cikin Afirka. Wannan shi ne babban dalilin da ya sa aka samar da mulkin mallaka na Haute Volta (yanzu Burkina Faso) bayan yakin duniya na ɗaya, ta hanyar raba gundumomi bakwai daga babban yankin Haut-Sénégal da Nijar. 

An ƙirƙiro sunan "Yaƙin Volta-Bani" a cikin littafin *ƙalubalen daular Afirka ta Yamma: Culture and History in the Volta-Bani War* (2002) na Mahir Saul da Patrick Royer. Littafin nazari ne na nazarin ɗan adam da cikakken bayanin waɗannan arangama, bisa ga takardun tarihin soja da cikakken fahimtar yankin bisa aikin fage na ƙabilanci da tarihin baka. Ya lashe lambar yabo ta Amaury Talbot na Royal Anthropological Institute na shekarar 2002.  Labarin almara na tawaye shine batun ɗaya daga cikin mahimman ayyukan adabi na Yammacin Afirka, Nazi Boni's *Crépuscule des temps anciens* (1962). 

## Duba kuma

* Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Afirka na Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya

## Nassoshi
 
* 
* 
* 

* 

## Kara karantawa

* 

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Littafin bita: Kalubalen Afirka ta Yamma ga Daular: Al'adu da Tarihi a cikin Yaƙin Turawa na Volta-Bani: Tony Chafer 
* Bita na littafi: Kalubalen Afirka ta Yamma ga Daular: al'adu da tarihi a cikin yakin 'yan mulkin mallaka na Volta-Bani: James Currey 

## Manazarta
Yakin Dervish

Yakin Dervish, wanda kuma ake kira Anglo-Somali War ko tawaye na Dervish, jerin tafiye-tafiye ne na soja da suka faru tsakanin 1900 da 1920 a Somaliland na zamani. Daular Habasha da Masarautar Italiya sun taimaka wa Birtaniya a cikin hare-haren da suka yi.

Dervish karkashin jagorancin Sayid Muhammed Abdullah Hassan, ya ci gaba da kansa na tsawon shekaru 24 tsakanin 1896 da 1920.  Yunkurin Dervish ya samu nasarar fatattakar Daular Burtaniya sau hudu kuma ya tilasta masa komawa yankin bakin teku.

Tare da cin nasarar daular Ottoman da Jamus a yakin duniya na farko, ƙungiyar Dervish ba ta da wata ƙungiya. Ta haka ne Turawan Burtaniya suka mayar da hankalinsu ga Dervishes,  wadanda suka kaddamar da babban hari na makamai a kan sansanonin su na Taleh.  Har ila yau, 'yan Burtaniya sun jefa bam a babban birnin Dervish na Taleh, wanda ya kawo karshen rikici.

## Tarihi

### Somaliland na Burtaniya

Kodayake suna cikin Daular Ottoman, Yemen da , gami da Zeila, sun zo a hankali ƙarƙashin ikon Muhammad Ali, Khedive na Masar, tsakanin 1821 da 1841.  Bayan da Masarawa suka janye daga bakin tekun Yemen a 1841, *Haj* Ali Shermerki, wani dan kasuwa na Somaliya mai cin nasara da burin gaske, ya sayi daga gare su haƙƙin zartarwa a kan Zeila. Gwamnan Shermerki ya yi tasiri nan take a birnin, yayin da ya yi ƙoƙari ya mallaki yawancin kasuwancin yanki kamar yadda zai yiwu, tare da kallon da ya saita har zuwa Harar da Ogaden. Daga baya Abu Bakr Pasha, wani dan kasar Afar ya gaji Shermerki a matsayin Gwamnan Zeila.

A cikin 1874-75, Khedivate na Masar ya sami Firman daga Ottomans wanda suka sami da'awar birnin. A lokaci guda, Masarawa sun sami amincewar Burtaniya game da ikon mallakarsu har zuwa gabas kamar Cape Guardafui .  A aikace, duk da haka, Misira ba ta da iko a kan ciki kuma lokacin mulkin su a bakin tekun ya kasance takaice, ya kasance kawai 'yan shekaru (1870-84). 

### Somaliland na Italiya

An kafa Majeerteen Sultanate a cikin arewa maso gabashin yankunan Somaliya a tsakiyar karni na 18 kuma ya zama sananne a ƙarni mai zuwa, a ƙarƙashin mulkin mai basira (sarkin sarakuna) Osman Mahamuud . 

## Kamfen ɗin

### 1900–1902
h.Yakin farko na hare-hare ya jagoranci Haroun a kan sansanin Habasha a Yaƙin jigjiga a watan Maris na shekara ta 1900. Janar na Habasha Gerazmatch Bante ya bayar da rahoton cewa ya kori harin kuma ya haifar da asarar gaske a kan Dervishes, kodayake mataimakin wakilin Burtaniya a Harar ya yi iƙirarin Habashawa da alfahari da ke dauke da makamai har ma da yara da bindigogi don kara girman sojojin su. Dukkanin bangarorin biyu sun yi ikirarin nasara bayan yakin. Kodayake suna fama da mummunan rauni a lokacin harin, Dervishes sun cika burinsu na dawo da duk dabbobin da Abyssinians suka kwace. Yaƙin ya 'kafa ba tare da wata shakka ba' cewa Dervishes yanzu sun zama karfi da za a lissafa tare da shi.

## Manazarta
Yaƙin Sagbadre

**Yaƙin Sagbadre** wani ɗan gajeren balaguron azabtarwa ne da Denmark-Norway da abokanta na asali suka yi wa Anlo Ewe.

Yaƙin ya samo sunansa daga wani jami'in Danish mai laƙabi da Sagbadre, ma'ana "gulp" ko "haɗiyewa" a Ewe, wanda Anlo Ewe ya zalunce shi. Wannan lamarin, tare da hare-hare daban-daban da aka yi a cikin yankin Danish-Norway a kan Ada a cikin shekarar 1783, Gwamna Kiøge na Danish-Norwegian ya yi amfani da shi azaman hujja don ƙaddamar da balaguro kan Anlo don tabbatar da haƙƙin ciniki.

A baya Anlo ya mallaki yanki mai yawa daga makwabta a yaƙe-yaƙe daban-daban, kuma sanin hakan ne 'yan Danish-Norwegian suka nemi kulla ƙawancen don murkushe Anlo yadda ya kamata.

Dakarun da aka samu sun kai 4,000 gaba ɗaya, inda Little Popo ya bayar da gudunmawar dakaru mafi yawa a 1,100, sai Denmark-Norway sun ba da gudunmuwar kadan ne kawai, sai Oto Brafo, Shugaban Osu, ya zama kwamanda. Waɗannan sun haɗa da Gwamna Kiøge da kansa, da Paul Erdmann Isert, wanda zai ci gaba da rubutu game da kwarewarsa a cikin rikici.

Ƙungiyoyin Ada-Danish sun buɗe yaƙin neman zaɓe ta hanyar tafiya tare da kogin Volta akan kwale-kwalen yaƙi da ke ɗauke da bindigogin Danish. Duk da yake Isert ya yarda cewa Anlo ya nuna dabarun ci gaba, ba su dace da ƙarfin ƙungiyar Alliance ba. Keta, wanda tun farko ya fara yakin a gefen Anlo, ya yi watsi da abokansu a lokacin da ya bayyana cewa abokan tarayya sun ci nasara.

A lokacin rikicin an lalata garuruwan Woe, Tegbi da Pottebra, wanda ya kai ga rugujewar Anlo capitol Anloga yayin da 'yan Denmark suka rasa iko da sojojinsu na asali. Ko da yake yawancin masu kare Anlo sun gudu daga Anloga a gaba da haɗin gwiwar,  masu tsaron sun yi nasarar yin rauni a kan abokan haɗin gwiwa tare da Isert rahoton 'yan asalin 40 da suka ji rauni kuma an kashe da dama, ciki har da wasu da suka kashe kansu da imani da yakin da za a yi asara. Isert ya tabbatar da cewa mutuwar Anlo Ewe ya fi nauyi, inda aka yanke wuya aƙalla 13.  Fararen hula Anlogan sun gudu zuwa Veta da Klikor. 

A cikin Ofoly Bussum, Yariman Glidji, ya yi shawarwari tare da Anlo Ewe a ranar 18 ga watan Yuni. Yarjejeniyar ta mayar da yankin Anlo a baya ya samu daga duk ƙabilun ƙawance kuma ya sami ikon mallakar kasuwancin Danish-Norway da kuma gina Fort Prinzenstein. Jaruman na Little Popo ne suke gadin ginin katangar, kuma Yarima Ofoly Bussum yana karɓan kuɗaɗen wata-wata daga gare ta. 

Kwamandan Anlo Adagla ya nutsar da kansa a cikin kogi maimakon komawa gida daga rashin cin nasara.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin rikice-rikice a Ghana
* Jerin yaƙe-yaƙe da suka shafi Denmark
* Jerin yaƙe-yaƙe da suka shafi Norway

## Manazarta
Anita Gupta

**Anita Gupta** yar kasuwa ce ta zamantakewa ta Indiya, manomi kuma mai fafutukar kabilanci. Ta shirya horar da mata fiye da 50,000 na karkara.

## Rayuwa
Gupta ta fito daga gidan talakawa kuma ta shaida kakanta yana dukan wata yarinya da ya kai ta haifa masa ‘ya’yansa. Daga baya ta ce tana tunanin da ace yarinyar tana da ilimi to da an ba ta ikon yin tsayin daka kan cin zarafinsa.

Ta zo daga Bhojpur a Bihar inda ta shirya horar da mata fiye da 50,000 na karkara a kan sana'o'in hannu, tsummoki da kayan ado.

Ita da dan uwanta sun kirkiro kungiyar Bhojpur Mahila Kala Kendra lokacin tana da shekaru goma a cikin 1993 kuma Gupta daga baya ya zama shugabanta. Kungiyar za ta karfafa gwiwar mata da su shiga tare da shaida musu cewa idan sun samu kudi to za su iya tura ‘ya’yansu makaranta. An canza kungiyar ne lokacin da ta yi rajista a matsayin al'umma ta yadda za ta sami kudi daga gwamnati. Kungiyar tana garin Arrah kuma ta ce ta samar wa mata 10,000 aikin yi. Ƙungiyarta ta sami Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS) da DC Handicrafts a matsayin abokan tarayya.

A cikin 2017 NITI Aayog, cibiyar nazarin manufofin jama'a, ta ba ta lambar yabo ta "Mata Canjin Indiya".

A ranar 8 ga Maris 2022, an gayyace ta zuwa Fadar Shugaban Kasa (Rashtrapati Bhawan) a New Delhi don karɓar lambar yabo mafi girma ga mata a Indiya, Nari Shakti Puraskar. Saboda cutar ta COVID-19 a Indiya, ba a sami lambar yabo ba a cikin shekarar da ta gabata. A can ga gwamnati ta gayyaci wadanda suka karrama a shekarar da ta gabata da kuma na bana. Shugaba Ram Nath Kovind ya ba Gupta da wasu mata 28 lambar yabo. A daren da ya gabata kafin kyautar. sun gana da Firayim Minista Narendra Modi.

## Manazarta
Yarjejeniyar Burtaniya da Brazil ta 1826

**Yarjejeniyar Burtaniya da Brazil ta 1826** yarjejeniya ce tsakanin Burtaniya da daular Brazil, wadda Brazil ta amince ta haramta cinikin bayi na Afirka. 

An sanya hannu a Rio de Janeiro ranar 23 ga watan Nuwamba 1826. An yi musayar ra'ayi a ranar 13 ga watan Maris 1827, kuma Majalisar Dokokin Burtaniya ta zartar da doka a ranar 2 ga watan Yuli 1827 don aiwatar da yarjejeniyar. ( 7 &amp;amp; 8 Geo. 4. c. 74).   

A cikin shekarar 1827 Emperor Pedro I ya gabatar da yarjejeniyar ga majalisar wakilai don amincewa da ita; Kwamitinta na diflomasiya da kididdiga ya amince da taron da kuri'u uku zuwa biyu. A mayar da martani, a ranar 2 ga watan Yuli 1827, mataimakin Raimundo José da Cunha Mattos, memba na Kwamitin da ke adawa da yarjejeniyar, ya gabatar da jawabin sa'o'i biyu don kare ci gaba da cinikin bayi. 

Yarjejeniyar ta haramtawa duk wani batu na daular Brazil shiga harkokin cinikin bayi na Afirka. Ya ba da lokacin alheri na shekaru uku bayan musayar ra'ayi, wanda ke nufin cewa haramcin ya fara aiki a ranar 13 ga watan Maris 1830. 

Ƙasar Ingila ta shiga tsakani kan yerjejeniyar Rio de Janeiro (1825) wadda Portugal ta amince da 'yancin kai na Brazil; Birtaniya ta yi alkawari daga Brazil na soke cinikin bayi a matsayin wani sharadi na goyon bayanta wajen tabbatar da 'yancin kai na Brazil, kuma an amince da wannan yarjejeniya don cika wannan alkawari. 

Ko da yake Sarkin sarakuna Pedro I ya goyi bayan yarjejeniyar, ba ta da goyon bayan jama’a sosai a Brazil. A sakamakon haka, gwamnatin Brazil ta kasa aiwatar da yarjejeniyar, kuma cinikin bayi ga Brazil ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin haramtacciyar yarjejeniya. Dangane da mayar da martani, Majalisar Dokokin Burtaniya ta zartar da dokar Aberdeen: Dokar Ciniki (Brazil) ta 1845 ( 8 &amp;amp; 9 Vict. c. 122), wacce ta ba da izinin jiragen ruwa na Burtaniya su shiga cikin jiragen ruwa na Brazil tare da kama duk wanda aka samu yana da hannu a cinikin bayi.

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Cikakken rubutun yarjejeniyar (Turanci da Fotigal)

## Manazarta
Babban Wazirin Sokoto

**Babban Wazirin Sokoto**, ko **Wazirin Sokoto**, shi ne babban mataimaki ga Sarkin Musulmi, babban sarkin Daular Sakkwato kuma suzerain na Jihohin Usman dan Fodiyo . Matsayin ya tsira daga faduwar daular a matsayin babban matsayi na girmamawa a Najeriya ta wannan zamani. 

## Jerin manyan viziers

* Abdullahi dan Fodiyo (1804 &#x2013; 1817)
* Gidado dan Laima (1817 &#x2013; 1842)
* Abd al-Qadir bn Usman Gidado (1842 &#x2013; 1859)
* Ibrahim Khalilu bn Abdil-Qadir (1859 &#x2013; 1874).
* Abdullahi Bayero bn Gidado (1874–1886)
* Muhammadu Buhari Bin Ahmad ( &#x2013; )
* Muhammadu Sambo bn Ahmad (1910-1912)
* Abd al-Qadir Maccido bn Bukhari (1910-12)
* Adili bn Khalilu (1912-25)
* Abbas bn Bukhari (1925-28)
* Muhammadu Junaidu Bin Buhari ( &#x2013; )
* Usman bin Junaid (1997–2018) 
* Sambo Wali Junaidu (2018-)  

## Magana