Olivier Roy (masanin kimiyyar siyasa)

**Olivier Roy** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1949 a La Rochelle ) masanin kimiyyar siyasa ne na Faransa, farfesa a Cibiyar Jami'ar Turai da ke Florence, Italiya .   Ya buga kasidu da littafai a kan zaman kashe wando  da Musulunci  da suka hada da "Global Islam",  da *Failure of Political Islam* . An san shi yana da "mabambantan ra'ayi game da Musulunci mai tsattsauran ra'ayi" fiye da wasu masana, suna ganinsa a matsayin na gefe, ya koma yammacin duniya kuma wani ɓangare na tsattsauran ra'ayi kuma "mai kama-da-wane" maimakon al'ummar musulmi masu tsoron Allah da "ainihin".  Kwanan nan ya yi rubutu kan harbin Charlie Hebdo,  da harin da aka kai a birnin Paris na Nuwamba 2015 . 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Roy a shekara ta 1949 a La Rochelle.  Roy ya sami *taro* a fannin falsafa da digiri na biyu a harshen Farisa da wayewa a cikin 1972 daga *Cibiyar Faransa ta National des Langues et Civilizations Orientale* . A shekarar 1973 ya yi aiki a matsayin malamin sakandare. A cikin shekarar 1970s ya kasance mai aiki a cikin Maoist motsi "La Gauche prolétarienne " (Proletarian Hagu).  A cikin 1996, ya sami digiri na uku a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga IEP.

## Sana'a
A baya ya kasance darektan bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Faransanci (CNRS) da kuma malami na biyu na Makaranta don Advanced Studies in Social Sciences ( EHESS ) da kuma *Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris (IEP)* .

Daga shekara ta 1984 zuwa 2008, ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Faransa . A cikin shekarar 1988, Roy ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara na Ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Gudanar da Agaji a Afghanistan (UNOCA). Tun daga watan Agusta 1993, Roy ya kasance wakilin ƙungiyar tsaro da haɗin kai a Turai (OSCE) a Tajikistan har zuwa Fabrairu 1994, lokacin da aka zabe shi a matsayin shugaban tawagar OSCE zuwa Tajikistan, mukamin da ya rike har zuwa Oktoba 1994. 

Roy shine marubucin littafai kan Iran, Musulunci da siyasar Asiya. Waɗannan ayyukan sun haɗa da *Musulunci ta Duniya: Neman sabuwar al'ummah*, *Turkiyya ta yau: Ƙasar Turai?* da *Ƙaunar 11 ga Satumba* . Har ila yau, yana aiki a kwamitin edita na mujallar ilimi ta Tsakiyar Asiya ta Tsakiya . Littafinsa da aka fi sani, L'Echec de l'Islam politique (1992) (The Failure of Political Islam) (1994), daidaitaccen rubutu ne ga ɗaliban Islama na siyasa .

Roy ya yi rubuce-rubuce sosai kan tashin hankalin da aka yi a Faransa a shekara ta 2005, yana mai musanta ra'ayin cewa tashin hankalin yana da nasaba da addini. Ya yi nuni da cewa Musulunci shine kawai jigon da matasan da ke cikin damuwa ke aiwatar da mugun nufi.  Wani ra'ayi da abokin hamayyar Roy, Gilles Kepel ya yi adawa da shi. 

A cewar Judith Miller, bayan harin na Satumba 11, Olivier ya bayar da hujjar cewa Islama mai tsattsauran ra'ayi irin wanda Al Qaeda ke wakilta ya kai kololuwa kuma yana dushewa cikin rashin muhimmanci. 

Littafinsa *Secularism Confronts Islam* (Columbia, 2007) ya ba da hangen nesa kan matsayin Musulunci a cikin al'ummar da ba ruwansu da addini da kuma duba iri daban-daban na musulmi baƙi a yammacin duniya. Roy ya yi nazari kan yadda hazikan musulmi suka ba wa musulmi damar rayuwa a cikin duniyar da ba ruwanmu da addini tare da kiyaye ainihin “mumini na gaskiya”.

A cikin shekarar 2010 ya buga *[https://books.google.com/books?id=3ZQKBgAAQBAJ&q=Holy+Ignorance%2C+When+Religion+and+Culture+Part+Ways Jahilci Mai Tsarki, Lokacin da Addini da Al'adu Sashe na Hanyoyi]*, nazarin addini, kabilanci da al'adu da sakamakon lokacin da waɗannan sassan suka rabu.

Bayan harbin Charlie Hebdo ya bayar da hujjar cewa yawancin musulmin Faransa sun himmatu wajen hana tashin hankali,  kuma bayan harin da aka kai a birnin Paris na Nuwamban shekarar 2015, ya rubuta dabarun bincike na ISIS da yaki da ita, wanda aka buga a cikin *[[New York Times|The New York Times]]* . 

A cikin shekarar 2017, ikirarin Roy na cewa ta'addancin jihadi ba shi da alaka da tsatstsauran ra'ayin Islama ya sha suka daga malamin Faransa Gilles Kepel, wanda ya ce Roy ba ya jin Larabci kuma ba ya kallon akidar Salafiyya a bayan jihadi.  Roy ya ce "An zarge ni da yin watsi da alakar ta'addanci da tsattsauran ra'ayin addinin Musulunci ta hanyar Salafiyya, fassarar ra'ayin mazan jiya na imani. Ina da cikakkiyar masaniya game da dukkanin waɗannan ma'auni; Ina kawai cewa ba su isa ga lissafin abubuwan da muke nazari ba, saboda babu wata hanyar da za a iya samun hanyar da za a iya samu a kan tushen tushen babayan.

## Sauran ayyukan

* Tsohon Majalisar Tarayyar Turai kan Harkokin Waje (ECFR), Memba 

## Littafi Mai Tsarki

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* *Généalogie de l'islamisme, Paris* Hachette, 1995
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## Kara karantawa

* ''Mathieu Perreault, Fabrairu 2nd, Jaridar La Presse, Montreal''

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Yanar Gizo a cikin Faransanci Haɗin kai zuwa Yanar Gizon Harshen Turanci Akan Yanar Gizo
* Washington Post, PostGlobal Panelist
* Tarihin Rayuwa da Labarai akan Le Monde Diplomatique
* Tattaunawa da Olivier Roy: "Cikakken Daidaitawa a gaban Doka ga Duk Addinai"
* Rikicin Ƙasar Duniya da Sabbin Siffofin Maganar Addini na Olivier Roy a Diflomasiyyar Faransa