Jaridar Australiya (jaridar 1824)

Jaridar ***The Australian*** jarida ce da aka buga a harshen Turanci a Sydney, Ostiraliya daga 1824 zuwa 1848.

Ya fara bayyana a shekarar 1824 kuma shine jarida ta biyu da aka buga a babban yankin Ostiraliya bayan Jaridar Sydney Gazette (1803). Na biyun wani littafi ne da aka buga a hukumance wanda ya ƙunshi sanarwa, ƙa'idoji kuma gwamnati ta yi masa takunkumi.

*Jaridar Australiya* ita ce jarida ta farko mai zaman kanta a Ostiraliya. Gwamna Brisbane ya fahimci cewa babu wani amfani a ci gaba da tace *jaridar Sydney Gazette* lokacin da ba a yi wa jaridar *The Australian* takunkumi ba, don haka aka yi watsi da takunkumin gwamnati na jaridu a shekarar 1824 kuma ' yancin manema labarai ya fara a Ostiraliya. 

## Tarihi

### Shekarun farko
Mujallar farko ta *jaridar The Australian* ta fito a ranar Alhamis, 14 ga Oktoba, 1824. Masu jaridar lauyoyi ne guda biyu, Robert Wardell da William Wentworth .  Suna da injin buga littattafai da sauran kayan aiki da suka wajaba a hannun *Alfred* wanda ya isa Sydney daga Birtaniya a watan Yulin 1824. 

Wardell ya taɓa mallakar kuma ya gyara jaridar Landan ta yamma, wato *Statesman* .  Ya gyara kuma ya rubuta yawancin labaran da ke cikin jaridar *The Australian* kuma ya yi magana game da gudanar da jaridar yau da kullun. Wentworth ya rubuta edita lokaci-lokaci kuma ya ba da £4000 don babban jari da kuɗaɗen gudanarwa.  Jaridar ta yi fafutukar kare haƙƙin 'Yancin Kai a New South Wales. Ta yi kira ga a zaɓi majalisar dokoki, ƙaramin ikon mallakar kadarorin gwamnati, shari'a ta hanyar alkalai da kuma a bai wa masu 'yancin 'yancin kaɗa ƙuri'a da kuma zama a cikin alkalai.  Ta yi adawa da mulkin kama-karya kuma ta nemi, "a mayar da *gidan yari* zuwa wani *yanki* da ya dace da ɗan ƙasa."  Sau da yawa tana bayyana ra'ayoyi masu sassaucin ra'ayi kuma wani lokacin tana adawa da gwamnan .

### Shekarun da suka biyo baya
Atwell Edwin Hayes ya biyo bayan Wardell a matsayin edita da mawallafi a shekarar 1828 kuma ya kasance mai kula har zuwa Fabrairu 1833.  Na gaba sai John Richard Hardy (1835-1837). George Nichols ya biyo bayansa a matsayin edita kuma mai haɗin gwiwa daga Yuli 1837 har zuwa Yuni 1841.  Mataimakin edita a ƙarƙashin Nichols shine ɗan jarida James Martin . Abraham Cohen (1812–1874) shine firintar jaridar a watan Afrilun 1836 kuma ya zama mai haɗin gwiwa, tare da haɗin gwiwa da Nichols, a watan Mayun 1837. Cohen shine edita, firinta kuma shi kaɗai ne mai shi a watan Satumba na 1838  kuma ya ci gaba da riƙe ragamar har zuwa Satumbar 1839.  Firintar George Moss (1809–1854) da Rev. Wickham M. Hesketh (1807–1868) su ne masu haɗin gwiwa a watan Yunin 1841 kuma sun ci gaba da kasancewa masu haɗin gwiwa har sai da aka wargaza haɗin gwiwarsu a watan Yunin 1843.  Thomas Forster shine firinta da mawallafin masu shi a watan Disamba na 1843.  Forster da Edwyn Henry Statham (1811–1887) sun kasance masu haɗin gwiwa a watan Janairun 1844.  Attajiri mai kiwon dabbobi James Macarthur ya kasance mai tallafawa jaridar kuɗi a tsakiyar 1843 kuma a matsayin wanda ke da jinginar gida ana bin sa bashin £2,600.  Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ya karɓi mulki, an naɗa Edward Smith Hall (1786–1860) a matsayin edita a watan Afrilun 1846 kuma ya ci gaba da zama har zuwa watan Yunin 1847. 

## Gado
*Jaridar Australiya* ita ce jarida ta farko mai zaman kanta a yankunan mulkin mallaka, kuma saboda haka ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimakawa wajen tabbatar da ' yancin manema labarai a Ostiraliya. Ta ƙirƙiri wani sabon dandali don tattaunawa kan batutuwan kundin tsarin mulki da siyasa waɗanda ba a da su a da. Musamman ma ta ba da murya ga waɗanda ba a ba su 'yancin yin aiki ba, masu 'yancin kai, waɗanda aka yanke wa hukunci da sauran waɗanda ke da hannu a cikin al'ummar mulkin mallaka. Ta tallafa wa ci gaban tattalin arziki kuma ta ƙarfafa sabbin kamfanoni su ƙirƙiri ayyukan yi da samun kuɗi.

Ya ƙirƙiri wani dandali inda za a iya gurfanar da gwamnati a gaban kuliya. Haka kuma ana yaba masa da taimakawa wajen rage wasu daga cikin munanan laifukan da suka shafi tsarin hukunta masu laifi . Wani na zamani wanda ya yi tsokaci kan bulala da sauran hukunci mai tsauri da ake yi wa waɗanda aka yanke wa hukuncin kisa a New South Wales ya ci gaba da cewa,

## Manazarta

* Atkinson, Alan & Marian Averling (eds.) (1987), *<nowiki/>'yan ƙasar Ostiraliya 1838*, Sydney, Fairfax, Syme & Weldon Associates. 
* Green, Henry da Dorothy (1984), *Tarihin Adabin Australiya, Juzu'i na I, 1789–1923*, Sydney, Angus &amp;amp; Robertson, shafi na 1.&nbsp;81–3. ISBN&nbsp;
* Keneally, Thomas (2009), *<nowiki/>'Yan Australiya: Asalin Eureka, Juzu'i na 1*, Allen &amp;amp; Unwin, Sydney, 
* Walker, Thomas (1976), *Jaridar Jarida a New South Wales, 1803–1920*, Sydney University Press, 
* Wilde, William, Joy Hooton da Barry Andrews (1986), *Abokin Oxford ga Adabin Australiya*, Oxford University Press, Melbourne. ISBN&nbsp;