José Francisco Gana

**José Francisco Gana López** (13 ga Nuwamba, 1791 - 20 ga Janairu, 1864) ya kasance jami'in soja kuma ɗan siyasa na Chile, wanda ya shiga cikin Yakin Independence na Peru . José Francisco Gana dan asalin Basque ne.

## Early life
An haifi Gana a Santiago, ɗan Agustín Gana Darrigrandi da na Dolores López Guerrero. Ya shiga aikin soja a shekarar 1806 a matsayin kadet, kuma a shekarar 1808 aka ɗaukaka shi zuwa laftanar na biyu na rundunar sarki, inda ya yi aiki a lokacin da aka kama mamayar Ingila a shekarar 1809. A shekarar 1812, ya bar rundunar sojojin Spain lokacin da aka kama mahaifinsa aka tura shi fursuna zuwa Callao saboda shiga cikin shirye-shiryen Yaƙin 'Yanci na Chile . Ya yanke shawarar raka mahaifinsa zuwa gidan yari a Peru, kuma yayin da yake can ya shiga tawayen wani fursuna, aka kama shi aka azabtar da shi.

## Aikin soja

### Peru
A shekarar 1820, Gana ya sake shiga rundunar soja a Peru, bisa umarnin Janar José de San Martín . Gana tare da rundunarsa sun kwace birnin Huaras da dukkan rundunar sojojin, kuma sakamakon haka, lardunan Trujillo, Lambayeque, da Piura sun ayyana kansu a matsayin 'yan tawaye, wanda ya kai ga dukkan yankin arewacin Peru da aka yi gwagwarmaya da shi daga mulkin mataimakin sarki. Mataimakin sarki, José de La Serna, an tilasta masa ya fice daga babban birninsa, Lima, a ranar 6 ga Yuli, kuma a ranar 12 ga San Martin ya mamaye birnin. An ayyana 'yancin kai a ranar 28 ga Yuli.

A halin yanzu, Gana ya shiga cikin harin Callao, a ranar 14 ga Agusta, kuma bayan mika wuya na ƙarshe na Satumba 21, an ƙara masa matsayi zuwa babban soja. Gana ya shiga cikin balaguron Janar Sucre zuwa kudu, kuma ya jagoranci wani rukunin sojoji da suka kai hari kan sojojin Spain a Quilca (14 ga Agusta, 1823), kuma, duk da asarar kashi ɗaya bisa uku na sojojinsa, ya fatattaki abokan gaba suka bi shi zuwa Arequipa .

A watan Oktoban 1823, Gana ya koma Chile, kuma a shekarar 1825 aka tura shi tare da rundunarsa a ƙarƙashin Kanar Sanchez don su yi wa birnin Talca kawanya a kan hare-haren ƙungiyoyin 'yan'uwan Pincheira, waɗanda ya ba su mamaki kuma ya kayar da su. A watan Disamba na wannan shekarar, aka ɗaukaka shi zuwa Kanal, kuma rundunarsa ta zama wani ɓangare na balaguron Janar Ramón Freire zuwa Chiloé, wanda har yanzu tsibirin Spain ne ke riƙe da shi a ƙarƙashin Janar Antonio Quintanilla . Ya shiga cikin Yaƙin Bellavista mai mahimmanci (Janairu 14, 1826), kuma Freire ya ba shi aikin sanya hannu kan miƙa wuya ga Pudeto a ranar 19 ga Janairu wanda ya miƙa sauran yankin Chile ga sojojin 'yan cin gashin kai. A lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Chile na 1829, ya shiga rundunar 'yan sassaucin ra'ayi ƙarƙashin Janar Ramón Freire, kuma, bayan shan kaye a Yaƙin Lircay (Afrilu 17, 1830) ya ƙi yin aiki a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, kuma ya yi ritaya daga aiki.

## Rayuwa daga baya
A shekara ta 1842, gwamnatin Janar Manuel Bulnes ta sake kiran Gana zuwa aiki, kuma ta naɗa shi darektan Kwalejin Sojoji. Sau biyu aka zaɓe shi Mataimakin *Talca* a Majalisar Dokoki, kuma a shekara ta 1849 aka naɗa Gana a matsayin wanda zai jagoranci lardin Atacama . A watan Satumba na shekara ta 1851, Shugaba Manuel Montt ya naɗa shi Ministan Yaƙi da Ruwa, kuma a shekara ta 1853 aka naɗa Gana shugaban kotun ɗaukaka ƙara ta soja, aka ɗaukaka shi zuwa brigadier-janar a shekara ta 1854. A lokaci guda kuma ya zama shugaban sashen ilimin falsafa na Jami'ar Chile, wata girmamawa ta adabi wadda babu wani janar na Chile da ya taɓa samu. A shekara ta 1856, aka tura shi minista (jakadan) zuwa Ecuador, kuma bayan dawowarsa a shekara ta 1857 ya sake ɗaukar nauyin Ma'aikatar Yaƙi da Ruwa. A shekara ta 1858, aka tura shi aiki na musamman zuwa Spain. A shekara ta 1860, aka zaɓe shi Sanata na jamhuriya, kuma a shekara ta 1861 aka naɗa shi mai ba da shawara kan harkokin ƙasa. Gana ya mutu a gidansu da ke Nuñoa, a shekarar 1864.

## Manazarta