Cibiyar Kula da Muhalli da Ci Gaban Duniya

**Cibiyar Nazarin Muhalli da Ci Gaban Duniya** (**IIED**) cibiyar bincike ce mai zaman kanta (tunani tanki) wacce manufarta ita ce "gina duniya mai adalci, mai ɗorewa, ta amfani da shaidu, aiki da tasiri a cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da wasu." Darakta shine Dokta Tom Mitchell.

IIED yana daya daga cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, waɗanda ba don riba ba waɗanda suka ba da mahimman ra'ayoyi da hanyoyin tunani game da dorewa da Canjin zamantakewa. Babban hanyar aiki ta IIED ita ce ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da kungiyoyi masu tunani iri ɗaya a Afirka, Asiya da Latin Amurka. A halin yanzu an raba aikin cibiyar zuwa manyan fannoni huɗu: albarkatun ƙasa, canjin yanayi, mazaunan mutane da kasuwanni masu ɗorewa.

## Tarihi

### Shekaru na 1970
Ana iya samun asalin IIED a Cibiyar Harkokin Muhalli ta Duniya (IIEA),  wacce aka kafa a New York a 1971 tare da goyon baya daga masanin masana'antu Robert O. Anderson da ɗan jaridar *[[New York Times]]* Jack Raymond a matsayin shugaban kafa. A shekara ta 1973, an nemi Barbara Ward ta zama darakta na farko na kungiyar, kuma ta amince da yanayin cewa ci gaba da kuma ajanda na muhalli ya kasance cikin aikinta. Ta koma kungiyar zuwa London kuma ta canza sunanta zuwa IIED .

IIEA ta taimaka wajen tsara ajanda don Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 1972 kan Muhalli na Mutum (wanda aka fi sani da Taron Stockholm), wanda ya haifar da kirkirar Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkinobho (UNEP). Littafin Ward Only One Earth (wanda aka rubuta tare da René Dubos), shine mahimmin rubutu ga wakilai a wannan taron, inda Ward ya gabatar da kalmar Ci gaba mai ɗorewa ga masu sauraro na duniya kuma ya nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin muhalli da jin daɗin ɗan adam.

### Shekaru na 1980
A cikin 1985, IIED da Cibiyar Kula da albarkatun duniya (WRI) sun fara samar da Rahoton albarkatun Duniya na shekaru biyu, wanda a yau shine kawai littafin WRI. A shekara ta 1987, Rahoton Brundtland, wanda aka fi sani da Our Common Future, ya ambaci gudummawar IIED don ƙirƙirar "ajenda ta duniya don canji".

Ma'aikatan cibiyar sun buga jerin littattafai masu mahimmanci,  ciki har da Afirka a Crisis na Lloyd Timberlake (1986), The Greening of Africa na Paul Harrison (1987), da No Timber Without Trees na Duncan Poore (1989) da Squatter Citizen: Life in the Urban Third World na Jorge Hardoy da David Satterthwaite (1989).

### Shekaru na 1990
IIED ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a gaban taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 1992 kan Muhalli da Ci gaba, ko Taron Duniya, wanda aka gudanar a Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, ta hanyar tattara jama'a da kuma jawo hankalin duniya ga taron. Don wannan, an ba IIED Kyautar Blue Planet .  Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukan IIED na shekarun 1990 an kira shi "Towards a Sustainable Paper Cycle".

### Shekaru na 2000
A shekara ta 2001, IIED ta kafa shirin canjin yanayi, wanda Dokta Saleemul Huq ya jagoranta. Shi da wasu masu bincike da yawa na IIED sun yi aiki a matsayin marubutan jagora ko masu tsara jagora ga Kwamitin Intergovernmental kan Canjin Yanayi. IIED ta kasance mai aiki a taron da ya biyo baya na Rio Earth Summit, taron koli na duniya kan ci gaba mai dorewa a Johannesburg a shekara ta 2002. Tsakanin 2000 da 2002, IIED ta jagoranci aikin Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development (MMSD), bita na duniya game da tasirin da ayyukan bangaren hakar ma'adinai wanda ya shiga 'yan wasan masana'antu kuma ya ba da shawarar inganta ayyukan su. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2008, jaridar Independent ta ambaci darektan IIED na lokacin Camilla Toulmin a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan masu kula da muhalli 100 na Burtaniya.

## Manazarta