Farkon Ambaliyar Madagascar 2000

A farkon shekara ta 2000, an samu mummunar ambaliyar ruwa a kasar Madagascar ta Afirka bayan guguwar Leon-Eline da Guguwa mai tsananin zafi Gloria ta afkawa kasar cikin mako biyu. Guguwar farko, Eline, ta bulla ne a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, kuma ta dauki dogon zango ta tsallaka tekun Indiya, inda daga karshe ta yi kasa a kusa da Mahanoro a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu. A ranar 1 ga Maris, Gloria ta afkawa arewa maso gabashin Madagascar, kamar Eline, ta koma kudu maso yammacin kasar.

## Tarihin yanayi
Gabanin ambaliya ta farko a watan Fabrairun 2000, an samu tashin hankali a yammacin gabar tekun Madagascar a watan Janairu. Ruwan sama daga tsarin ya taimaka kawo karshen yanayin fari a baya, yayin da kuma ya haifar da ambaliya da lalacewa. A Morombe, hazo daga tsarin ya kai daidai da ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a cikin sa'o'i 36 kawai.

A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, wani yanki mai ƙarancin matsin lamba ya samo asali a cikin ramin damina zuwa kudancin Indonesia, wanda a ƙarshe zai zama Tropical Cyclone Leon. Guguwar ta bi ta yamma ta ratsa da yawa daga cikin Tekun Indiya, inda take jujjuyawa da karfi saboda sauyin yanayi. Bayan haye 90° E, Météo-Faransa (MFR) ta fara bin tsarin azaman Tropical Storm Eline. Guguwar ta ci gaba da zuwa yamma ta tekun Indiya kuma ta yi tsanani sosai yayin da ta tunkari gabar gabashin Madagascar. A ƙarshen Fabrairu 17, Eline ta yi faɗuwar ƙasa kusa da Mahanoro, tare da matsakaicin matsakaicin iska na mintuna 10 na 165 km/h (105 mph) bisa ga MFR. Guguwar ta yi rauni sosai a kan kasa, amma daga karshe ta sake samun karfinta a tashar Mozambik ta sake yin wata barna a Mozambique. Eline ta zubar da ruwan sama mai yawa a Madagascar, tare da tsawon sa'o'i 24 na 131 mm (5.2 in) a filin jirgin sama na Ivato kusa da babban birnin Antananarivo. Har ila yau ruwan sama ya haifar da ambaliya a gabar tekun yammacin Madagascar, wanda yawanci ke hana hazo daga tsaunuka. Eline ta buge yayin da Madagascar ke cikin annobar kwalara da ta kashe mutane sama da 1,000.

Yayin da Eline ke bazuwa a kudancin Afirka, wani yanki na yanayi mai cike da damuwa ya samo asali zuwa arewa maso gabashin Madagascar, ya zama tashin hankali na wurare masu zafi a ranar 27 ga Fabrairu. Komawa gabaɗaya zuwa yamma zuwa ƙasar, ya tsananta cikin Tropical Storm Gloria a ranar Maris 1. Daga baya a wannan rana, MFR ya kiyasta cewa guguwar ta kai kololuwar minti 10 na iskar 95 km / h (kimanin 600 km / h) (kafin 600 km / h). mi) arewa da Sambava. Guguwar ta koma kudu maso yamma a fadin kasar, a hankali ta yi rauni sannan daga bisani ta shiga tashar Mozambik. Gloria ya kawo ƙarin ruwan sama mai yawa zuwa Madagascar, tare da Mananjary ya ba da rahoton kwanaki biyu na jimlar 427 mm (16.8 in). Nosy Be tare da gabar tekun arewa maso yamma ya sami ruwan sama na sa'o'i 24 jimlar 165 mm (6.5 in), wanda ya wuce rabin matsakaicin hazo na wata. Mananjary ya ba da rahoton jimlar kwanaki biyu na 427 mm (16.8 a). Daga baya, Gloria ta samar da ruwan sama na lokaci-lokaci a kudancin Madagascar, a wani bangare saboda yawan zafi.

## Tasiri
Ruwan sama daga Gloria ya faru ne kasa da makonni biyu bayan guguwar Leon–Eline ta afkawa kasar, wanda ya kawo karin ambaliyar ruwa, zabtarewar kasa, da lalacewa. A yankin da Gloria ta koma bakin teku, al'ummomi da dama sun ware na ɗan lokaci saboda ambaliyar. A Sambava, kusa da inda Gloria ta koma bakin teku, guguwar ta kashe mutane 18, ta lalata ɗaruruwan gidaje, tare da lalata hanyar da ta haɗa yankin da babban birnin Madagascar, Antananarivo. A duk fadin yankin, ambaliyar ta lalata akalla gadoji 30, yawancinsu na katako, da lalata hanyoyi masu nisan kilomita 100. A yankin da ke kusa da Vatomandry, inda Eline ta yi kasa, kashi 65% na gidaje sun lalace, kashi 90% na amfanin gona sun lalace, kuma kashi 75% na wuraren kiwon lafiya sun lalace; Ambaliyar ta kuma shafi yammacin gabar tekun Madagascar. A Morombe da ke gabar tekun kudu maso yammacin kasar, kusan kashi daya bisa uku na gine-gine sun lalace, wasu da dama kuma sun lalace, yayin da mutane 1,600 suka bar gidajensu a yankin. Gabashin yamma yawanci guguwar da ke tashi daga gabar tekun gabas ba ta shafa ba, wanda ya sa al'ummomi da dama ba su shirya ba.

Filayen sun shafe sama da mako guda suna tashe-tashen hankula, wanda hakan ya janyo hasarar dimbin kofi da amfanin gonakin ayaba. Dubban kadada na gonakin shinkafa sun cika da ruwa. Ambaliyar ruwan ta lalata amfanin gona da dama, ta haka ta hana yankin da ke fama da talauci samun kudin shiga, tare da yin barazana ga wadatar abinci. Ambaliyar ruwa daga guguwar biyu ta mamaye kashi 70% na gidaje tare da lalata kashi 70% na amfanin gona a gundumomin Andapa, Sambava, Antalaha, da Vohemar. Kusan rabin noman shinkafa a kasar an yi hasarar a lokacin ambaliyar. Kimanin mutane 12,000 ne ambaliyar ruwa ta raba su a kauyuka 114. Gabaɗaya, kimanin mutane 700,000 ne ambaliyar ta shafa kai tsaye. A dunkule, an bar mutane 12,230 ba tare da samun ruwa mai tsafta ba.

## Manazarta