Jacqueline Moudeina

**Jacqueline Moudeina** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1957) lauya ce 'yar kasar Chadi kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adama, wacce ta shahara da aikin da ta yi wajen gurfanar da Hissène Habré a gaban kuliya bisa laifukan cin zarafin dan adama, da kuma wadanda suka yi aiki tare da shi.
 
## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Jacqueline Moudeina kuma ta girma a kasar Chadi; sai dai a shekarar 1979 bayan yakin basasa ya ɓarke a kasar, ta daina karatun turanci a jami'ar Chadi ta gudu zuwa kasar Kongo tare da mijinta. Sun zauna a can sama da shekaru 13 kafin su dawo.Yayin da take can, ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Shari'a a Jami'ar Brazzaville.

Ta koma ƙasar Chadi a shekara ta 1995, bayan mulkin ta'addancin da ya faru a lokacin da Hissene Habré ya zama shugaban kasa. Ta yi rajista a matsayin mai horar da doka, kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin matan da suka fara yin hakan. Daga nan aka kara mata girma zuwa sakatariyar shari'a, sannan a shekara ta 2004 ta zama shugabar kungiyar bunkasa da kare Haƙƙin dan Adam ta Chadi. A cikin wannan shekaru goma, ta fara tattara shaidu na zalunci da Habré da abokansa suka yi.

A ranar 23 ga Fabrairun shekarar 2001, yayin da Moudeina ke halartar zanga-zangar lumana a gaban ofishin jakadancin Faransa don yin tir da kura-kurai da aka samu a lokacin zaben shugaban kasa, babban kwamishinan ‘yan sanda Mahamat Wakaye ya ba da umarnin tarwatsa zanga-zangar ta hanyar amfani da karfi. Moudeina ta samu rauni ne sakamakon gurneti a yayin taron, kuma ta shafe sama da shekara guda a Faransa tana jinyar raunukan da ta samu. A cewar shaidun gani da ido, Wakaye ya bayar da umarnin kai hari kan Moudeina yayin harin.

## Shari'ar Habré

A cikin shekarar 1982 Hissène Habré ya karbi mulki ta hanyar juyin mulki. Moudeina ta shigar da kara na farko a kan Habré a shekara ta 2000, yayin da yake zaune lafiya a Jamhuriyar Senegal, a madadin mata bakwai. Alkalin shari’ar ya tuhume shi da hannu wajen aikata azabtarwa da kuma ta’addanci. Sai dai bayan shekara guda alkali ya yi watsi da ƙarar yana mai cewa ba ta da hurumin Senegal. Moudeina da wadanda abin ya shafa sun shigar da ƙarar ne a kasar Belgium, domin akwai wata doka da za a iya gurfanar da duk wanda ya aikata azabtarwa a ko’ina a duniya kuma a gurfanar da shi gaban kuliya.

A ranar 30 ga Mayu, 2016, an yanke wa Hissene Habré hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai. Bayan shekaru biyar na shawarwari; Alkalin kasar Belgium ya tuhumi Habré da laifukan yaki da cin zarafin bil adama da kuma kisan kare dangi. Daga nan ne aka sanya sammacin kama shi na ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma aka nemi a mika shi daga Senegal. An kama shi tare da tsare shi na tsawon kwanaki goma, amma mai gabatar da kara na Senegal ya bayyana kansa a matsayin wanda bai cancanta ba wajen bin wannan bukata. Shugaban na Senegal ya kira lamarin wani batu na Afirka, kuma ya matsa gaban ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka.

A shekara ta 2005, Tarayyar Afirka ta buƙaci Senegal da ta tuhumi Habre da sunan Afirka, inda ta bayyana cewa ba za a yi wa wani shugaban Afirka shari'a a wajen Afirka ba. Sai dai shekaru 6 Senegal ta bayyana cewa ba za ta yi masa shari'a ba. Yanzu dai Moudeina na kokarin mika shi ta wasu kafafen yaɗa labarai na duniya. A shekara ta 2013 wata kotu a Senegal ta ba da umarnin kama Habre.

## Kyaututtuka

An ba ta kyautar Martin Ennals don Masu Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam a cikin 2002. Ta zama shugabar kungiyar bunkasa da kare Haƙƙin bil Adam ta kasar Chadi (ATPDH) a shekara ta 2004. An ba ta lambar yabo ta Right Livelihood Award a cikin 2011 saboda "kokarin da ta yi a cikin kasada mai girma don samun adalci ga waɗanda tsohon mulkin kama-karya a kasar Chadi ya shafa da kuma kara wayar da kan jama'a da kiyaye Haƙƙin bil Adam a Afirka".

## Manazarta