Babban Green Wall (China)

**Babban Green Wall**, wanda aka fi sani da Shirin Gida na Arewa guda Uku (Sinanci mai sauƙi:三北防護林;Sinanci na:三北 jark護林; :),wanda aka fi saninsa da **Shirin** Gida na Uku,jerin tsire-tsire na gandun daji ne da aka dasa (shelterbelts) a kasar Sin,wanda aka  don hana faɗaɗa hamadar Gobi,da kuma samar da katako ga jama'ar yankin.Shirin ya fara ne a shekara ta 1978, kuma an shirya a kammala shi a kusa da 2050,a wannan lokacin zai zama kilota 4,500 (2,800 mi) tsawo.

Sunan aikin ya nuna cewa za a gudanar da shi a dukkan yankuna uku na Arewa:Arewa,Arewa maso Gabas da Arewa maso Yamma. Wannan aikin yana da tarihi tun kafin zamanin gama gari.Koyaya,a zamanin da,gwamnati ta ɗauki nauyin ayyukan gandun daji tare da yankuna na tarihi galibi don ƙarfafa sojoji ne.

## Tasirin Hamadar Gobi

Kasar Sin ta ga kilomita 3,600 (1,400 sq) na ciyawa da Gobi Desert ke mamayewa a kowace shekara. Kowace shekara, guguwar ƙura tana hurawa har zuwa kilomita 2,000 (sq) na ƙasa,kuma guguwar tana ƙaruwa cikin tsanani a kowace shekara. Waɗannan guguwa kuma suna da tasiri mummuna akan noma ga wasu ƙasashe da ke kusa, kamar Japan, Koriya ta Arewa,da Koriya ta Kudu.An fara aikin Green Wall a cikin 1978,tare da sakamakon ƙarshe da aka tsara na haɓaka gandun daji na arewacin China daga kashi 5 zuwa 15 cikin dari, don a rage hamada. 

## Hanyar da tsare-tsare
Kashi na hudu na aikin, wanda aka fara a shekarar 2003 yana da bangarori biyu: amfani da shukar iska don rufe faɗin ƙasa da ƙasa ba ta da danshi,da bayar da tallafin kuɗi ga manoma don dasa itatuwa da ciyayi a yankunan da suke da su. arin m. Za kuma a aiwatar da tsarin sa ido na dala biliyan 1.2 (ciki har da taswira da bayanan sa ido)."Bangaren"zai kasance da bel mai ciyayi mai jurewa yashi wanda aka shirya a cikin tsarin allo don daidaita dunkulen yashiDandalin tsakuwa zai kasance kusa da ciyayi don riƙe yashi da ƙarfafa ɓawon ƙasa don samar.Itatuwan ya kamata kuma su zama masu hana iska daga guguwar ƙura.

## Kokarin daidaikun mutane
Yayin da kasar Sin ta yi kokarin yaki da guguwar kurar da ta mamaye sassan ciyayi tare da yin amfani da itatuwa cikin sauri. Akwai misalan daban-daban na daidaikun mutane da suke ɗaukar kansu don yaƙar mummunan yanayi mara gafartawa wanda yashi ke kawowa.Yin Yuzhen da Li Yungsheng dukkansu manyan mutane ne wadanda suka yi yaki da muhallin da suke zaune a ciki.Ƙoƙarinsu ya ɗauki shekaru da yawa don cimmawa kuma sun canza yanayin rayuwa zuwa raye-raye a cikin abin da in ba haka ba zai zama ɓangarorin da ba kowa.

Yin Yuzhen ta ɗauki kanta don dasa itatuwa da hannu ɗaya don sake gyara muhallin da ya lalace a cikin Tutar Uxin na yankin yammacin yankin Semi-Arid na kasar Sin. Wasu mutane kamar babban sakataren jam'iyyar kwaminis ta kasar Sin Xi Jinping sun amince da kokarin yin aikin gandun daji na Yin,wanda a yayin taron majalisar wakilan jama'ar kasar Sin na shekarar 2020,ya bayyana ayyukan da suka yi kamar Yin a matsayin wani gagarumin nasara da ya samu ci gaba a fannin halittu a kasar Sin baki daya.

## Sakamako da nasara
Ya zuwa shekarar 2009, dajin da aka dasa a kasar Sin ya rufe fiye da murabba'in kilomita 500,000 (wanda ya karu daga kashi 12% zuwa 18%) - dajin wucin gadi mafi girma a duniya. A shekara ta 2008, guguwar hunturu ta lalata kashi 10% na sabbin gandun daji, lamarin da ya sa bankin duniya ya shawarci kasar Sin da ta fi mai da hankali kan inganci maimakon yawan dazuzzukanta.

A cewar *harkokin waje*, shirin dajin na uku na Arewa ya yi nasarar sauya tsarin tattalin arziki a yankin hamadar Gobi daga aikin noma mai cutarwa zuwa yawon bude ido, kasuwancin 'ya'yan itace, da gandun daji.

A shekarar 2018, hukumar kula da harkokin teku da iska ta Amurka ta gano karuwar gandun dajin da tauraron dan adam ke gani ya yi daidai da bayanan gwamnatin kasar Sin. A cewar Shixiong Cao, masanin ilmin halitta na jami'ar gandun daji ta Beijing, gwamnatin kasar Sin ta fahimci matsalar karancin ruwa a yankunan da ba su da bushewa, ta kuma sauya tsarin ciyayi tare da karancin ruwa. Shugaban sashen gandun daji Zhang Jianlong ya shaidawa kafofin yada labarai cewa, manufar ita ce kiyaye lafiyar ciyayi da zabar nau'in tsiro da dabarun ban ruwa masu dacewa.

A cewar rahoton *BBC* a cikin 2020, shirye-shiryen dashen bishiya sun haifar da yawan shan iskar carbon dioxide kuma sun taimaka wajen rage sauyin yanayi. Kuma an yi watsi da amfanin dashen itatuwa da binciken da aka yi a baya.

Shirin dajin Tsari uku na Arewa ya kuma kawo koma baya ga kwararowar hamadar Gobi, wanda ya karu da fadin murabba'in kilomita 10,000 a kowace shekara a shekarun 1980, amma yana raguwa da fiye da murabba'in kilomita 2,000 a kowace shekara a shekarar 2022.

## Suka
Hong Jiang, farfesa a fannin ilmin kasa a Jami'ar Wisconsin, ya damu cewa bishiyoyi za su iya jika ruwa mai yawa na karkashin kasa, wanda zai zama matsala sosai ga yankuna marasa kanshi kamar arewacin kasar Sin. Dee Williams, wani masani a ma'aikatar harkokin cikin gida ta Amurka, ya yi nuni da irin gazawar da kasar Sin ta yi a baya wajen yaki da kwararowar hamada, ya kuma ba da shawarar cewa dasa bishiyoyi wani gyara ne na wucin gadi da ba zai iya canja hali ba.

A cikin Disamba 2003, ɗan gaba na Ba'amurke Alex Steffen a kan gidan yanar gizonsa *na Duniya Canjin* ya yi kakkausar suka kan aikin Green Wall. Ya ce, kasar Sin ba ta yin amfani da kokarin hadin gwiwa da hanyoyin samar da bayanai don tallafawa kokarin gida. Yawan gurbacewar da kasar Sin ke samu ya kuma raunana kasar, lamarin da ya sa ba za a iya amfani da ita a wurare da dama ba.

Binciken wuraren da aka sake dazuka na Loess Plateau ya gano cewa ciyayi da aka dasa da ake amfani da su na rage danshi daga zurfin ƙasa zuwa wani mataki idan aka kwatanta da ƙasar noma.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, dasa ɓangarorin bishiyoyi masu saurin girma yana rage ɗimbin halittun yankunan dazuzzuka, yana haifar da wuraren da ba su dace da tsirrai da dabbobin da aka saba samu a cikin dazuzzuka ba. John McKinnon, shugaban shirin raya halittu na EU da Sin ya ce "China tana shuka bishiyoyi fiye da sauran kasashen duniya baki daya." “Amma abin da ke damun su shi ne su zama gonaki na monoculture. Ba wuraren da tsuntsaye suke so su zauna ba." Rashin bambance-bambancen ya kuma sa itatuwan suka fi saurin kamuwa da cututtuka, kamar yadda a shekara ta 2000, lokacin da bishiyar poplar biliyan daya a Ningxia ta yi hasarar wata cuta guda, wanda ya haifar da koma baya shekaru 20 na kokarin shuka. Masanan kimiyyar gandun daji na kasar Sin sun yi iƙirarin cewa, shuka itatuwan al'adu guda ɗaya ya fi tasiri wajen ɗaukar iskar iskar carbon dioxide fiye da dazuzzukan da ke saurin girma, don haka yayin da bambance-bambancen na iya zama ƙasa da ƙasa, itatuwan da ake zargin suna taimakawa wajen rage fitar da iskar carbon da Sin ke fitarwa.

Liu Tuo,shugaban ofishin kula da kwararowar hamada a hukumar kula da dazuzzuka ta jihar, ya yi aman na cewa,akwai dimbin giɓi a kokarin da kasar ke yi na ƙwato ƙasar da ta zama hamada.A cikin 2011, akwai kusan kilomita miliyan 1.73 da suka zama hamada a kasar Sin, daga cikinsu akwai 530,000.&nbsp;km 2 an yi magani. Amma a halin yanzu na jinyar 1,717&nbsp;kilomita 2 a kowace shekara, zai ɗauki shekaru 300 don kwato ƙasar da ta zama hamada.

## Duba kuma

* Tushen buffer
* Gyaran shimfidar wuri mai amfani da makamashi
* Babban Green Wall (Afirka)

* Babban Plains Shelterbelt, 1930s–40s, Amurka
* Babban Shiri don Sauya Hali, 1940-50s, Tarayyar Soviet
* Injiniya macro
* Yashi shinge
* Seawater greenhouse
* sare itatuwa da sauyin yanayi
* Mu Us Desert, hamada da Babban Koren Ganuwar ya shafa
* Jerin ƙasashe ta hanyar iskar carbon dioxide

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Babbar Ganuwar kore ta kasar Sin
* Aikin tsugunar da gandun daji na kasar Sin wanda aka yiwa lakabi da "Green Great Wall"
* Ilimin yanayin ciyawa don hana guguwar yashi
* Taming the Yellow Dragon - The Korea Herald