open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Canjin Sang

Chang Sang (Korean; an haife ta a ranar 3 ga Oktoban shekarar 1939) masanin kimiyya ce kuma 'yar siyasa a Koriya ta Kudu wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista ta farko ta Koriya ta Koriya a lokacin da shugaban kasa Kim Dae-jung ya sake fasalin majalisar ministocinsa a watan Yulin shekara ta 2002. [1]

Tana da digiri na biyu na falsafar daga Princeton Theological Seminary  kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Jami'ar Ewha Womans daga 1996 har zuwa nadin Firayim Minista. 

Shugaba Kim Dae-jung ne ya zabi ta a matsayin dan takarar Firayim Minista a shekara ta 2002, duk da haka Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa ta ki amincewa da zaben.

## Ilimi

* Ta kammala karatu, Makarantar Sakandare ta Sookmyung
* Bachelor of Science a Mathematics, Ewha Womans UniversityJami'ar Ewha Womans
* Jagoran Allahntaka, Makarantar Allahntaka ta Yale a Jami'ar Yale
* Dokta na Falsafa a cikin tauhidin, Cibiyar Nazarin tauhidin Princeton

## Manazarta
Betssy Chávez

Betssy Betzabet Chávez Chino (an haife ta a ranar 3 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1989) lauya ce kuma 'yar siyasa a Peru, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na Peru daga 26 ga watan Nuwamba har zuwa 7 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2022, lokacin da ta yi murabus. Ita ce Firayim Minista ta bakwai a Peru. Ta kasance memba na majalisa tun watan Yulin 2021 kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Al'adu daga watan Agusta 2022 zuwa Nuwamba 2022.[1] Ta kasance Ministan Kwadago da Inganta Ayyuka, daga Oktoba 2021 har zuwa Mayu 2022, lokacin da aka amince da matakin zargi a kanta.[2][3] Daga baya ta rike mukamin Ministan Al'adu, kafin a nada ta Firayim Minista.[4]

Chávez shine Firayim Minista na biyar da Shugaba Pedro Castillo ya nada. Masu lura da siyasa sun ga nadin ta a matsayin shaida game da rashin kwanciyar hankali na siyasa. Bayan makonni biyu a ofis, ta sanar da murabus dinta.

## Rayuwa ta farko da aikin siyasa
An haifi Chávez a ranar 3 ga Yuni 1989 a Gundumar Ciudad Nueva, Tacna, Peru .

### Ilimi
Chavez ya yi karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Kasa ta Jorge Basadre Grohmann, kuma ya kasance shugaban dalibai, yana riƙe da mukamai a cikin gwamnatin dalibai. Ta kammala karatu daga makarantar shari'a a shekarar 2016, kuma tana da digiri na biyu, tare da mai da hankali kan Dokar Tsarin Mulki, daga Jami'ar José Carlos Mariátegui . 

### Ayyuka
Chávez ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya a Gwamnatin Yankin Tacna (2020), mai fasaha da mataimakin Majalisa ta Jamhuriyar (2017-2020) kuma shugaban ayyuka a Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Jorge Basadre Grohmann . 

## Ayyukan siyasa
Chávez ta ce sha'awarta ga siyasa ta samo asali ne daga aikin mahaifinta a matsayin shugaban zamantakewa ga iyalai da suka zauna a arewacin Tacna.

### Majalisa
An zabe ta a matsayin 'yar majalisa a zaben 'yan majalisa na 2021 tare da kuri'u 8,472; ta wakilci Tacna, na jam'iyyar Free Peru . Ta yi rantsuwa a matsayin 'yar majalisa a ranar 27 ga Yuli a wannan shekarar. Ta kuma kasance daga cikin jam'iyyar 'yan majalisa ta Democrat Peru.

## Manazarta
Gidan Yakin (Stoney Creek, Ontario)

**Gidan Battlefield**, wanda aka fi sani da Gage House, kusa da King Street East da Centennial Parkway a Stoney Creek, Hamilton, Ontario, Kanada gidan tarihi ne mai rai kuma wurin Yaƙin Stoney Creek na tarihi a ranar 6 ga Yuni, 1813, wanda aka yi a lokacin Yaƙin 1812. An gina shi a shekarar 1796. Gidan da  na filin shakatawa (Battlefield Park), mallakar ƙungiyar tarihi ta mata ta Wentworth, (1899-1962), kuma wannan ƙungiyar ta ba da ita ga Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa ta Niagara a ranar 19 ga Janairu, 1962.  An sanya wurin shakatawa a matsayin Wurin Tarihi na Ƙasa a shekarar 1960. 

Wannan wurin tarihi yana ƙarƙashin Niagara Escarpment, kuma yana kan  na filin shakatawa da ke da alaƙa da Bruce Trail . Haka kuma a kan kadarorin akwai Monument na Battlefield da ginin Grandview (Nash-Jackson House). Makabartar Smith's Knoll kuma tana kusa, a gefen titin King East daga wurin shakatawa. A ƙarshen mako na farko a watan Yuni, an sake yin bikin Yaƙin Stoney Creek tare da sake yin bikin sanye da kayan ado na musamman, waɗanda ke wakiltar ɓangarorin Birtaniya da Amurka. Taron 2016 shi ne karo na 35 da aka sake yin irin wannan bikin. 

An soke sake tsara shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don 2020 da 2021 saboda annobar COVID-19. A tsakiyar watan Mayu na 2022, an bayyana cewa sake tsara shirye-shiryen da ke tafe shi ma za a soke su saboda "rashin tabbas game da takunkumin COVID-19" da kuma ginin da ake yi a Battlefield House, amma za a dawo a 2023.  Duk da haka, a wani taro da aka gudanar a ranar 19 ga Mayu, an bayyana cewa za a soke sake tsara shirye-shiryen "har abada". Gidan Tarihi na Friends of Battlefield ya janye goyon bayansa ga gidan tarihi bayan taron.  Ya zuwa shekarar 2025, an sake fara aiwatar da sake tsara shirye-shiryen, kuma an shirya gudanar da tarurrukan 2025 a karshen mako na 7-8 ga Yuni, 2025 a Battlefield House da Park.

Rundunar sojojin Birtaniya ta kai hari da daddare a sansanin sojojin Amurka . Saboda kama manyan janar-janar biyu na Amurka da Sajen Alexander Fraser ya yi, da kuma yadda Amurkawa suka yi kiyasin karfin sojojin Birtaniya, yakin ya kasance nasara ga Birtaniya, kuma wani muhimmin ci gaba a tsaron Upper Canada . 

Gidan tarihin yana da alaƙa da: CMA, CHIN, da Gidan Tarihi na Kanada .
Fayil:Battlefield_Museum.JPG
Fayil:Battle_of_Stoney_Creek.JPG|alt=Battle of Stoney Creek| Yaƙin Stoney Creek
Fayil:Battlefield_House_A.JPG|alt=Stoney Creek Battlefield House| Gidan Yaƙi na Stoney Creek
Fayil:Battlefield_Park.JPG|alt=Battlefield Park Entrance| Shigarwa a Filin Yaƙi
Fayil:War_of_1812_Re-enactment,_Battle_of_Stoney_Creek_(ontario);_June_2016.jpg|alt=Re-enactors (in UK uniforms) fire muskets toward the "Americans" in annual commemorations| Masu sake tsara dokoki (cikin kayan aikin Burtaniya) suna harbin "Amurkawa" a lokacin tunawa da shekara-shekara
Fayil:Battlefield_House_in_Stoney_Creek_(I0005660).tif|alt=Battlefield House in Stoney Creek, 1959| Gidan Yaƙi a Stoney Creek, 1959
Fayil:Battlefield_House_in_Stoney_Creek_(I0005661).tif|alt=Battlefield House in Stoney Creek, 1959| Gidan Yaƙi a Stoney Creek, 1959


## Manazarta
Keith Dunstan

**John Keith Dunstan** OAM (3 ga Fabrairu 1925 - 11 ga Satumba 2013), wanda aka fi sani da **Keith Dunstan**, ɗan jarida ne kuma marubuci ɗan ƙasar Ostiraliya. Ya kasance marubuci mai hazaka kuma marubucin littattafai sama da 35.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Dunstan a Gabashin Malvern, Victoria,  ɗan ɗan jarida kuma wanda ya karɓi kyautar Victoria Cross, William Dunstan, da matarsa Marjorie. Ya halarci Makarantar Grammar Melbourne da Makarantar Grammar Geelong kuma ya kasance laftanar jirgin sama a Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Royal Australian daga 1943 zuwa 1946, wanda ke aiki a Labuan a cikin Pacific.

## Aikin Jarida
A shekarar 1946, Dunstan ya shiga jaridar The Herald da Weekly Times Ltd, masu buga jaridar *The Sun News-Pictorial* da *The Herald* (tun daga lokacin da aka haɗa shi da *Herald Sun* ). Ya kasance Wakilin Ƙasashen Waje na H&WT tare da mukamai a New York (1949–1952) da London (1952–1954). Wannan lokacin ya biyo bayan wani matsayi a *[[Wasikar Wasika|jaridar The Courier-Mail]]*, wanda ya rubuta wani shafi mai suna "Day by Day". Ya koma Melbourne kuma, daga 1958 zuwa 1978, ya ba da gudummawar wani shafi na yau da kullun, "A Place in the Sun" ga jaridar *The Sun News-Pictorial*, babbar jaridar da ke yawo a birnin. A cikin waɗannan shekarun shahararsa ta ƙaru, kuma ya zama cibiyar Melbourne. 

Daga shekarar 1962, ya yi rubutu akai-akai ga mujallar mako-mako *ta The Bulletin* da ke Sydney a ƙarƙashin sunan Batman (bayan wanda ya kafa Melbourne, John Batman )  da kuma mujallar tafiye-tafiye *ta Walkabout.* A cikin 1976 da 1977, ya kasance shugaban Melbourne Press Club, inda ya gaji Rohan Rivett .  Ya kasance Wakilin Yammacin Tekun Amurka (1979–1982) ga *The Herald da Weekly Times.* Daga baya, ya kasance mai rubuta labarai akai-akai kuma mai ba da gudummawa lokaci-lokaci ga jaridar *The Age.*

## Marubuci
Ya buga littattafai huɗu kan halayen Australiya: Wowsers (1968), Knockers (1972), Sports (1973), da Ratbags (1979), da kuma rubuce-rubuce da yawa na tarihi kan batutuwa masu shahara tun daga giya, zuwa wasanni, zuwa sayar da kaya, har ma da wani bincike mai tsauri game da wani ɗan fashin teku ɗan ƙasar Australiya Ned Kelly, Saint Ned (1980). Ayyukansa na farko na tarihin wasanni na Australiya sun haɗa da The Paddock That Grew (1962) a filin wasan kurket na Melbourne, wanda yanzu ya ga bugu da sabuntawa da dama. Ya kuma rubuta tarihin rayuwarsa, No Brains at All (1990). Sauran wallafe-wallafen sun haɗa da The Melbourne I Remember (2004) da Moonee Ponds to Broadway (2006), wani bincike na ɗaya daga cikin abokansa kuma abokin aikinsa Melburnian, Barry Humphries mai barkwanci.

## Manazarta
Ido da Ido tare da Willie Jackson

***Shirin Eye to Eye tare da Willie Jackson***, ko kuma kawai **Eye to Eye**, shiri ne na al'amuran yau da kullum na New Zealand a TV One wanda ke duba manyan abubuwan da suka faru daga mahangar Māori .

Willie Jackson, ko kuma mai gabatarwa ta baya Claudette Hauiti, tana da wanda aka yi hira da shi da kuma wanda aka yi wa jawabi a taron;  dukansu galibi fitattun mutanen Maori ne.

An dakatar da shirin a shekarar 2009 ta hannun TVNZ sakamakon sauye-sauyen kuɗaɗen shiga. 

## Manazarta
Norman Falkiner

**Norman Fraser Falkiner** (20 Nuwamba 1872 - 11 Mayu 1929) ɗan siyasa ne na ƙasar Ostiraliya.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife shi a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, 1872, a Ararat, ga mai kiwon dabbobi Franc Sadleir Falkiner da Emily Elizabeth Bazeley. Ya halarci Makarantar Grammar Geelong kuma yana kula da ofisoshin mahaifinsa a Jerilderie. A watan Afrilun 1901, a Athy, Kildare, Ireland, ya auri Mary Louisa Smithwick, wacce suka haifi 'ya'ya takwas. Daga 1915, ya zama mai kiwon dabbobi da kansa, kuma ya yi nasarar kiwon dawakan tsere masu kyau. A 1928, an zaɓe shi a Majalisar Dokokin Victoria a matsayin ɗan ƙasa na Gundumar Melbourne ta Kudu, amma ya mutu a Landan, a ranar 11 ga Mayu, 1929, yana da shekaru 56. Ɗan'uwansa Franc Falkiner da ɗan'uwansa Otway Falkiner suma 'yan siyasa ne.[1]

## Manazarta
Alick Downer

**Sir Alexander Russell "Alick" Downer** KBE (7 ga Afrilu 1910 - 30 ga Maris 1981) ɗan siyasa ne kuma jami'in diflomasiyya na Australiya. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Wakilai tsakanin 1949 da 1963, yana wakiltar Jam'iyyar Liberal, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Shige da Fice a Gwamnatin Menzies. Daga baya ya zama Babban Kwamishinan Burtaniya daga 1963 zuwa 1972.

## Iyali, rayuwa ta farko da kuma aiki
An haifi Downer a Adelaide a matsayin memba na dangin Downer masu tasiri. Mahaifinsa, Sir John Downer, ya kasance Firayim Ministan Kudancin Australia kuma memba na Majalisar Dattawan Australiya kuma yana da shekaru 66 a lokacin haihuwarsa; ya mutu lokacin da Alick yana da shekaru biyar.  Mahaifiyarsa ita ce Una Russell, 'yar Henry Chamberlain Russell, wanda ya sake aure lokacin da Alick ke da shekaru takwas, ga D'Arcy Wentworth Addison. Ɗan Sir Alick, Alexander Downer, shi ma ɗan siyasa ne mai sassaucin ra'ayi, ya kasance Shugaban 'Yan adawa a 1994-95 kuma Ministan Harkokin Waje na Australiya daga 1996 zuwa 2007, kafin ya zama Babban Kwamishinan Australiya a Burtaniya daga 2014 zuwa 2018, shekaru biyar bayan Alick ya riƙe wannan matsayin.

Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Grammar Geelong da kuma Jami'ar Oxford, inda ya kammala karatunsa a fannin tattalin arziki da kimiyyar siyasa. Shi ne uban Charles Spencer, Earl Spencer na 9, ɗan'uwan Diana, Gimbiya Wales. Uwar Earl ita ce Sarauniya Elizabeth ta Biyu.

Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Oxford a shekarar 1932, ya karanci shari'a a Landan, kuma a shekarar 1934 aka shigar da shi mashaya a Inner Temple. Da ya dawo Adelaide, ya shiga lauyoyin Kudancin Australia a shekarar 1935. Ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya har sai da ya shiga rundunar sojin Australiya a shekarar 1940. Ya yi aiki a Malaya kuma ya kasance fursunan yaƙi na tsawon shekaru uku, [1] inda ya kafa ɗakin karatu na sansanin kuma ya ba da darussa ga sauran fursunoni. An ɗaukaka shi zuwa sajenti saboda waɗannan ƙoƙarin, amma ba a amince da ƙarin girma ba bayan an sake shi.[2]

An buga littafinsa *Firayim Minista shida* ( Robert Menzies, John Gorton, Harold Holt, Harold Wilson, Edward Heath, Basil Brooke, 1st Viscount Brookeborough ) a shekarar 1982. 

## Aikin siyasa

## Manazarta
Shafin yanar gizon Karako-Kagi

**Wurin Karako-Kagi** wani wuri ne na kayan tarihi a Tawaramoto, Nara Japan .  Yana da wurin yin ƙarfe, kuma yana kusa da wasu wurare kamar rumfunan Makimuku .  An san kiwon kaji daga wurin.     Duk da haka babu gonakin shinkafa da ke da alaƙa da shi. 

## Gidan Tarihi

Gidan kayan gargajiya na Karako-Kagi (唐古・鍵考古学 da aka tsara, Karako-kagi kōkogaku myūjiamu) ya buɗe a Tawaramoto, Nara Prefecture, Japan, a cikin shekara ta 2004. Da yake a bene na biyu na Cibiyar Koyon Rayuwa ta Tawaramoto Aogaki (田原本青垣生涯jing), ɗakunan gidan kayan gargajiya guda uku suna nuna kayan tarihi daga Gidan Karako-Kagi da ke kusa (唐古・鍵遺跡), ƙauyen Yayoi da Gidan Tarihi na Kasa, da kuma hania a cikin siffar saniya wanda aka sanya shi Muhimmin Al'adun Al'adu  .

## Duba kuma

* Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa na Nara
* Jerin Wuraren Tarihi na Japan (Nara)
* Jerin Kayayyakin Al'adu na Japan - kayan tarihi (Nara)
* Jerin Kayayyakin Al'adu na Japan - kayan tarihi (Nara)

## Manazarta
Asibitin Jama'a na County, Invergordon

**Asibitin Al'umma na Gundumar** cibiyar lafiya ce da ke Saltburn Road, Invergordon, Scotland. NHS Highland ce ke kula da shi.

## Tarihi
Cibiyar ta samo asali ne daga wani asibitin sojojin ruwa wanda aka kafa a wurin a shekarar 1917.   An kai wadanda suka ji rauni zuwa Invergordon ta hanyar amfani da na'urar tururi sannan kuma aka kai su asibiti ta jirgin kasa a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Farko .  Ya zama asibitin cututtuka masu yaduwa a shekarar 1920, kuma bayan an sake masa suna Asibitin Gundumar,  ya shiga Hukumar Lafiya ta Kasa a shekarar 1948. Bayan da tsohon asibitin ya lalace, an samar da sabon wurin a karkashin kwangilar kudi ta sirri . Sabuwar wurin, wacce Robertson Group ta gina akan farashin fam miliyan 8.8,  ta bude a watan Oktoban 2005. 

## Manazarta
Tananger na tururuwa mai baƙar fata

**Tanager tururuwa mai baƙi a kunci** (***Driophlox atrimaxillaris*** ) nau'in tsuntsu ne a cikin dangin Cardinalidae . Yana da yawa a Costa Rica .  A da an sanya shi tare da tanager tururuwa mai ja a cikin nau'in *Habia* .

## Tsarin Taxonomy da Tsarin
Asalin bayanin tururuwa *masu* baƙi a kunci yana sanya ta a cikin dangin Thraupidae, wato "tanagers na gaske". Daga baya an nuna cewa Genus *Habia* yana da fifiko don haka aka sake wa nau'in suna zuwa ga binomial ɗinsa na yanzu. A farkon shekarun 2000, binciken DNA ya nuna cewa duk membobin *Habia* suna da kusanci da Cardinals, don haka aka mayar da su zuwa dangin *Cardinalidae* . 

## Bayani
Dangane da ƙaramin adadin samfuran, tanager tururuwa masu baƙi-kunci yana  tsayi kuma yana da nauyin  . Sassan saman namijin launin toka mai duhu ne tare da launin ja, kuma yana da launin ja mai launin orange-ja (yawanci ba a gani). Fuska tana da "abin rufe fuska" baƙi mai yaɗuwa. Makogwaronta launin salmon ne mai haske wanda ke canzawa ta cikin salmon mai duhu zuwa launin toka mai duhu tare da launin ruwan hoda a ciki. Macen tana kama da ita amma ta fi duhu kuma ƙashinta ƙarami ne. 

## Rarrabawa da wurin zama
Ana samun tururuwar tanager mai baƙi a yankin Osa na Costa Rica da kuma gabar gabashin Golfo Dulce . (An kama mutum ɗaya da ke yawo sama da  cikin ƙasa.) Yana zaune a ƙarƙashin ƙasa mai kyau a cikin dazuzzukan ƙasa, dazuzzukan ruwa, da kuma tsofaffin dazuzzukan sakandare . Yana zama a cikin dazuzzukan kuma yana guje wa gefuna da wuraren zama a buɗe. A tsayinsa yana kaiwa kimanin  . 

## Halayya

### Ciyarwa
Tururuwa masu baƙi a kunci galibi suna da ƙwayoyin kwari, kodayake suna cin 'ya'yan itatuwa da ƙananan halittu masu ƙashi. 

### Kiwo
An yi rikodin cewa tururuwa masu baƙi suna yin gida tsakanin Janairu da Maris. Tana gina gida a buɗe a cikin ciyayi a ƙarƙashin bene. Duk sanannun ƙwai ne. Da alama nau'in yana yin gida tare, kamar yadda aka tabbatar da manya uku suna halartar dawakai. 

### Sauti
An bayyana waƙar waƙar da ake yi wa tururuwa mai baƙi a kunci a hanyoyi daban-daban a matsayin "kalmomi masu busa... *chonk TWEEah, chonk TWEEah* " da kuma "bayyanannu, laushi, busa *tu-see, tu-see ko tu-seeur tu-swee tu-seeur* " https://www.xeno-canto.org/562436 . Tana da kira iri-iri kamar https://www.xeno-canto.org/353969 da https://www.xeno-canto.org/274128 . 

## Matsayi
Hukumar IUCN ta kimanta tururuwan da ke da baƙi a kunci a matsayin waɗanda ke fuskantar barazana "saboda ƙaramin yanki da ke kewaye da shi wanda galibi ke kewaye da yankuna biyu masu kariya."  "Babban barazanar da ke tattare da [nau'in] shine ci gaba da wargaza dazuzzukan ƙasa". 

## Manazarta
Warwick Oswald Fairfax

**Sir Warwick Oswald Fairfax** (19 Disamba 1901 - 14 Janairu 1987  ) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan ƙasar Ostiraliya wanda ya shahara a fannin fasaha a matsayin mai taimakon jama'a, ɗan jarida kuma marubucin wasan kwaikwayo. Ya kasance memba na dangin masu hannu da shuni na Fairfax.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Fairfax ɗan Sir James Oswald Fairfax ne (1863–1928) kuma jikan John Fairfax. Ya kammala karatunsa da digirin farko a fannin fasaha a Kwalejin Balliol, Oxford bayan ya yi karatu a Geelong Grammar da Jami'ar Sydney (inda yake zaune a Kwalejin St Paul ). 

### Aure
A shekarar 1928, Fairfax ta auri Marcie Elizabeth (Betty) Wilson, 'yar David Wilson KC kuma 'yar'uwar William Hardy Wilson. Sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu, James Fairfax (ƙaramin yaro) da Caroline, kafin rabuwarsu a shekarar 1945. Fairfax ta auri Hanne Anderson a shekarar 1948 kuma suna da 'ya mace ɗaya, Annalise, kafin su sake a shekarar 1959. Ya auri Mary Wein jim kaɗan bayan tsakar dare a ranar 4 ga Yuli 1959. An kuma san ta da suna Marie Wein da Mary Symonds (tun daga aurenta na farko da Cedric Symonds).[1] Warwick Geoffrey Oswald Fairfax, Anna da Charles 'ya'yansa ne tare da matarsa ta uku, Mary, Lady Fairfax. Sun girma a Fairwater, gidan dangin Fairfax da ke bakin teku a Double Bay, inda Lady Fairfax ta shirya wasu bukukuwa masu ban sha'awa, ciki har da wasan kwaikwayo ga mutane 1000 a shekarar 1973 don murnar buɗe Gidan Wasan Opera na Sydney, lokacin da baƙi suka haɗa da Rex Harrison, Rudolf Nureyev, Liberace da Imelda Marcos.[1]

### Kasuwanci
Fairfax ya shiga John Fairfax da Sons a shekarar 1925, ya zama darakta a shekarar 1927 da kuma babban darakta a shekarar 1930. Ya kasance shugaban kamfanin Associated Newspapers Ltd. tsakanin 1956 da 1977. A lokacin da yake babban darakta kuma daga baya ya zama shugaba, Fairfax ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da kamfanin John Fairfax & Sons Pty Ltd mai zaman kansa a lokacin a matsayin John Fairfax Limited,  daga baya kuma John Fairfax Holdings Limited daga baya kuma Fairfax Media.

## Manazarta
Thomson Dow

**Thomson Dow** (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Oktoba, 2001) tsohon ƙwararre ne a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Australiya wanda ya buga wa Richmond Football Club a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Australian Football League (AFL). Ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta matasa tare da Bendigo Pioneers, Richmond ya zaɓi shi a matsayin ɗan wasa na 21 a gasar AFL ta 2019 kuma ya fara bugawa a zagaye na 14 na kakar wasa ta 2020. Shi ne ƙani ga ɗan wasan tsakiya na St Kilda Paddy Dow.

## Rayuwar farko da ƙwallon ƙafa ta matasa
Dow ya girma a gonar 'ya'yan itace ta iyali a wajen garin Swan Hill na yankin Victoria a matsayin na uku cikin 'yan'uwa huɗu. Ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta matasa a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Swan Hill ta gida, ciki har da a matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 yana da shekaru 14 tare da babban ɗan'uwansa Paddy.

Daga baya Dow ta sami zaɓi a cikin tawagar 'yan wasa masu wakiltar matasa tare da Bendigo Pioneers a gasar NAB League kuma a cikin 2017 an zaɓe ta zuwa ƙungiyar Victorian Country a gasar cin kofin ƙasa ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16.  

A shekarar 2018, Dow ta fara shiga makarantar Geelong Grammar School amma ta rasa lokutan da suka dace a kakar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa saboda raunuka, duk da cewa har yanzu ta sami damar shiga AFL Academy a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin yara 'yan shekara 16 da 17 a yankin Victoria Country.  

Baya ga wasannin Geelong Grammar a gasar APS, Dow ta kasance mai hazaka a farkon makonnin kakar wasa ta NAB League ta 2019, daga baya ta samu damar shiga gasar Victorian Country a gasar cin kofin AFL ta 'yan kasa da shekara 18 ta 2019. [undefined] [undefined] [undefined] Ya buga wasanni hudu a kowanne wasa da kungiyar ta buga a gasar, ciki har da wasanni 18 da ta buga a wasan da ta doke kungiyar Victoria Metropolitan.[1] Dow ta koma Pioneers a karshen kakar wasa kuma ta ci gaba da nuna kwazo, inda ta kammala kakar wasa a matsayin wacce ta fi samun kuri'u a gasar (shida) a cikin mafi kyawun kuma mafi adalci bayan ta samu matsakaicin kwallaye 21.6 da kuma kwallo daya a kowane wasa a tsawon kakar wasa.[2] [3] [4]

Bayan kakar wasa ta matasa ta 2019, an gayyaci Dow don halartar gasar AFL National Draft Combine, inda ya yi rikodin matsayi na uku da maki 8.061 a gwajin ƙarfin gwiwa. A kwanakin da suka gabaci wannan gasar, an yi hasashen cewa *AFL Draft Central* za ta zaɓi Dow a matsayi na 27 sannan *ESPN* ta zaɓi na 31, yayin da aka cire shi daga cikin manyan 30 *na AFL Media.*   

## Manazarta
Kyautar D.I.C.E. don Kyakkyawan Nasarar Halin

**Kyautar DICE don Nasara Mai Kyau a Halaye** kyauta ce da Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ke bayarwa kowace shekara a lokacin kyaututtukan DICE . Ana "bayar da wannan kyautar ga mutum ɗaya ko ƙungiyar da aikinta ya ƙara wa ƙwarewar hulɗa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar hali mai ban mamaki a cikin taken hulɗa. Fitaccen hali yana la'akari da auren wasan kwaikwayo na murya da wasan kwaikwayo (aikin kama motsi), ƙira da aiwatar da hali, da rubutu".  Duk membobin kirkire-kirkire/fasaha na Kwalejin sun cancanci kaɗa ƙuri'a a wannan rukunin, ba tare da la'akari da fannin ƙwarewarsu ba.  Da farko akwai kyaututtuka daban-daban ga haruffan mata da maza, amma daga ƙarshe sun haɗu zuwa rukuni ɗaya a kyaututtukan Nasara Mai Kyau na 11 na Shekara-shekara a 2008.    

Wanda ya lashe kyautar kwanan nan shine Dr. Henry "Indiana" Jones (wanda Troy Baker ya zana, wanda Jerk Gustafsson ya ba da umarni, wanda Tommy Tordsson Björk ya rubuta, kuma Todd Howard ya shirya), daga *Indiana Jones and the Great Circle*, wanda MachineGames ya shirya kuma Bethesda Softworks ta buga.

## Tarihi
Akwai kyaututtuka daban-daban da aka bayar don wasan kwaikwayo na mace da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na namiji. Tsawon shekaru ana yin sa ne tsakanin **wasan kwaikwayo na musamman a wasan kwaikwayo na hali** da kuma **wasan kwaikwayo na musamman**, kafin a sauƙaƙe shi zuwa **wasan kwaikwayo na musamman a cikin hali** a 2015. 

* **Nasara Mai Kyau a Fannin Halayya - Mace** ( 2004, 2007 )
* **Nasara Mai Kyau a Fannin Halayya - Namiji** ( 2004, 2007 )
* **Fitaccen Jarumi - Mace** ( 2005 - 2006 )
* **Fitaccen Jarumi - Namiji** ( 2005 - 2006 )
* **Fitaccen Jarumi** ( 2008 – 2009, 2011, 2014 )
* **Nasara Mai Kyau a Fannin Halayya** ( 2010, 2012 )
* **Fitaccen Jarumi - Namiji ko Mace** ( 2013 )
* **Nasara Mai Kyau a Halaye** ( 2015 - yanzu)

## Masu nasara da waɗanda aka zaɓa

### Shekarun 2000

## Manazarta
Ronald Falk

**Ronald "Ron" William Thompson Falk** (an haife shi a ranar 23 ga Agusta 1935  - 27 ga Yuni 2016) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma mai tsara shirye-shirye na Australiya. Wataƙila an fi saninsa da muryar shugaban gidan cin abinci na Coruscant Diner, Dexter Jettster a cikin *Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones.* Sauran ayyukansa sun haɗa da rawar da ya taka a cikin *Jack Irish, Secret City*, *The Damnation of Harvey McHugh* da *ITV Play of the Week.*

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Falk a ranar 23 ga Agusta, 1935 a Geelong, Victoria, Ostiraliya. A farkon shekarunsa, ya yi karatu a Makarantar Grammar Geelong.

## Sana'a
Aikin wasan kwaikwayo na Falk ya fara ne a Melbourne a Union and National theater.[1] Ya buga tare da marigayiya Monica Maughan da Barry Humphries a cikin The Front Page da sauran rawar da suka taka a wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya.

Ba da daɗewa ba ya koma Ingila, inda ya shafe shekaru goma yana shiga cikin wasu shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo. Daga baya ya koma Ostiraliya, inda ya ci gaba da aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo har zuwa lokacin da ya tsufa.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Falk ya ɗauki hutun shekaru biyu daga wasan kwaikwayo don fara koyon zane da piano. Ya koyi buga harmonica mai suna blues don shirya wasan opera na *Mourning Becomes Electra.*

## Mutuwa
Falk ya mutu a ranar 27 ga Yuni 2016 yana da shekaru 80. An yi jana'izarsa a ranar 15 ga Yuli 2016. Ya bar 'yar uwarsa JJ Barwise. Da kuma 'yan uwansa, Ronald da Patrick, ɗan'uwan ɗan'uwansa, Ruby, da kuma surukinsa, Daniel.

## Fim ɗin fim

## Manazarta
Maaban

**Maaban** wuri ne mai nisa da jama'a ke zaune a Ghana . Tsarinsa sune: Latitude (DMS): 6° 59′ 0″ N; Longitude (DMS): 2° 13′ 0″. Rosen ya yi nazari kan ƙabilun Maaban a wani bincike mai zurfi  wanda ya tabbatar da cewa rashin ji yana da alaƙa da fallasa ga matakan sauti masu yawa, maimakon aikin tsufa. Aikin Rosen ya kuma nuna cewa matakan sauti masu yawa sune ke haifar da hauhawar jini a kididdiga.

## Duba kuma

* Tasirin lafiyar hayaniya

## Manazarta
Fairbairn

**Thomas Carlyle Leslie Fairbairn** (25 Afrilu 1889 – 20 Afrilu 1964) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Australiya wanda ya buga wasa da Geelong a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Victorian (VFL). 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Les Fairbairn's playing statistics from AFL Tables
* Les Fairbairn at AustralianFootball.com
James Fairfax

**James Oswald Fairfax** (27 Maris 1933 - 11 Janairu 2017) daraktan kamfani ne na Australiya, mai taimakon jama'a, kuma memba ne na dangin Fairfax, dangin Australiya da suka shahara a masana'antar buga jaridu.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Fairfax a Sydney, babban ɗa ga Sir Warwick Oswald Fairfax da Marcie Elizabeth (Betty) Wilson. Shi jikan Sir James Oswald Fairfax (1863–1928) da David Wilson KC (1879–1965).

Ya yi karatu a Fairfield,  Makarantar Cranbrook, Makarantar Geelong Grammar da Kwalejin Balliol, Oxford, ya zama darakta a John Fairfax & Sons Ltd a 1957 kuma ya karɓi ragamar mulki daga mahaifinsa a 1977. Ya yi murabus a 1987 ya kuma sayar da hannun jarinsa ga ɗan uwansa Warwick Fairfax, a lokacin 'ƙaramin Warwick's' wanda ya haifar da mummunan ƙalubale.

Fairfax ya buga wani tarihin rayuwa a shekarar 1991. Ya mutu ba shi da aure ba tare da ya taɓa yin aure ba a ranar 11 ga Janairun 2017 yana da shekaru 83.

## Jinƙai da girmamawa
Shahararren mai tattara zane-zane, wanda da farko ya yi fice a fannin zane-zane na Australiya, kuma tun daga shekarun 1960 ya zama mai goyon bayan tsoffin mashahuran Turai. Ya kasance mai goyon bayan Gidan Tarihi na New South Wales da Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa na Australiya. An buga kundin tarin zane-zanensa don rakiyar wani baje koli da aka gudanar a Gidan Tarihi na New South Wales, tsakanin Afrilu da Yuli 2003. A shekarar 2015, an kiyasta cewa dukiyar Fairfax a cikin BRW Rich 200 ta kai A$302. miliyan, wanda ya ƙunshi gaurayen kadarori, saka hannun jari iri-iri da tarin kayan fasaha da na tarihi.[1]

An sanya wa ginin James Fairfax Yard da ke cikin ginin Holywell Manor a Kwalejin Balliol, Oxford suna ne don girmama shi saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga kwalejin.

An naɗa shi a matsayin Jami'in (AO) na Order of Australia a shekarar 1993 domin girmama hidimar fasaha da kuma ga al'umma; kuma Abokin Order (AC) a shekarar 2010 saboda kyakkyawan hidima ga al'umma ta hanyar tallafi da taimakon al'umma ga fasahar gani, ƙungiyoyin kiyayewa da kuma shirye-shiryen gina bincike na likitanci da wuraren ilimi.

A shekarar 2016, Fairfax ya bai wa National Trust of Australia kadarorinsa na Retford Park, Bowral.

## Manazarta
Boni National Reserve

**Ma'ajiyar ƙasa ta Boni** wani yanki ne na kiyayewa na ƙasa kuma yana cikin gundumar Garissa, Kenya . Ma'ajiyar ta ƙunshi yanki mai fadin murabba'in     kuma Hukumar Kula da Namun Daji ta Kenya ce ke kula da shi. An bayyana shi a shekarar 1976 a matsayin wurin mafaka ga giwaye a yankin Ijara na tsohon yankin Kenya, da Lamu da kuma Somaliya . Yawan giwayen ya ragu sosai sakamakon farautar dabbobin.

A ranar 28 ga Disamba, 2010, Ofishin Harkokin Jakadancin Amurka ya saka Asusun ajiyar kasa na Boni a cikin jerin wuraren da matafiya 'yan Amurka ya kamata su guje wa a Kenya saboda ta'addanci da laifukan tashin hankali. 

## Kayan lambu
Dajin Boni, wanda daga baya aka sanya wa wurin ajiyar suna, wani dajin da ke buɗewa ne na asali kuma wani ɓangare ne na dajin bakin teku na Arewacin Zanzibar-Inhambane. http://www.eoearth.org/article/Northern_Zanzibar-Inhambane_coastal_forest_mosaic . Kasancewar yana ɗauke da nau'ikan tsire-tsire da ke cikin mafi girma a duniya, an ayyana dajin a matsayin wurin da ke da wuraren da ke da bambancin halittu .

## Namun daji
Masu cin ganyayyaki a yankin sun haɗa da dorinar ruwa, alade mai ciyawa, warthog, baffa, komon duiker, topi da waterbuck . Masu cin nama da ake samu a wurin adana su ne karen daji na Afirka mai rauni da kuma kerkeci . Duk da cewa ba kasafai ake samun giwayen Afirka a wurin adana su ba.

## Tsuntsaye
A matsayin wani ɓangare na dajin gabar tekun Gabashin Afirka, yana da yuwuwar ɗaukar nau'ikan tsuntsaye waɗanda suka bambanta da dazuzzukan bakin teku na gabashin Afirka, wataƙila sun haɗa da nau'ikan tsuntsayen da ke fuskantar barazanar duniya kamar Sokoke pipit .

## Mayakan Al-Shabaab
Gwamnatin Kenya ta yi imanin cewa Boni National Reserve ta zama mafaka ga Al Shabaab, wata ƙungiyar ta'addanci da ke Somaliya https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000186655/al-shabaab-operation-in-boni-forest-extended-to-neighbouring-areas. Wannan ya haifar da hare-hare da dama da rundunar tsaron Kenya da 'yan sandan Kenya suka kai wa sansanin. A farkon shekarar 2017, rahotanni sun ce sojojin Amurka suna ba wa Kenya taimako a ƙoƙarin kawar da Al Shabaab daga sansanin http://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2017/02/10/us-troops-join-war-on-shabaab-in-boni-forest_c1503640 .

## Ƙarin karatu

* Githiru, M. da sauransu (2007) Yawan dabbobi masu shayarwa, rarrabawa da kuma amfani da wurin zama a Boni National Reserve da kuma yankin Northern Buffer da ke makwabtaka da su, NE Kenya. Gidajen Tarihi na Ƙasa na Kenya.
* Antipa, R. S, Ali, MH da Hussein, AA (2007) Kimantawa kan Yiwuwar Yawon Bude Ido na Muhalli/Al'adu a matsayin Kamfanoni Masu Inganci a Gundumomin Kudancin Garissa, Ijara da Lamu: Shirin Kare Al'umma da Tallafawa Kasuwanci . Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Ƙasa ta Kenya.
* Antipa, R. S, Ali, MH da Hussein, AA (2007) Kiyayewa da Kula da Bambancin Halittu Sanin Bambancin 'Yan Asalin Ƙasa da Al'ummomin Gida tare da Rayuwar Gargajiya a Dajin Boni, Gundumar Ijara . Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Ƙasa ta Kenya.

## Manazarta
Sashen Prikro

**Sashen Prikro** sashe ne na Yankin Iffou a gundumar Lacs, Ivory Coast . A shekarar 2021, yawan jama'arta ya kai 95,595 kuma mazauninta shine mazaunin Prikro . Ƙananan gundumomin sashen sune Anianou, Famienkro, Koffi-Amonkro, Nafana, da Prikro.

## Tarihi
An ƙirƙiri Sashen Prikro a shekarar 2005 a matsayin wani yanki na mataki na biyu ta hanyar rabuwar kai daga Sashen M'Bahiakro. A lokacin ƙirƙirarsa, yana cikin Yankin N'Zi-Comoé .

A shekarar 2011, an gabatar da gundumomi a matsayin sabbin ƙananan hukumomi na Ivory Coast. A lokaci guda, an sake tsara yankuna kuma suka zama ƙananan hukumomi na mataki na biyu kuma dukkan sassan aka mayar da su ƙananan hukumomi na mataki na uku. A wannan lokacin, Sashen Prikro ya zama wani ɓangare na Yankin Iffou a Gundumar Lacs .

## Manazarta
George Fairbairn (ɗan siyasa)

**Sir George Fairbairn** (23 Maris 1855 – 23 Oktoba 1943) ɗan kiwo ne kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan ƙasar Ostireliya. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Wakilai daga 1906 zuwa 1913, yana wakiltar mazabar Fawkner ta Victoria, kuma daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin Sanata na Victoria daga 1917 zuwa 1923.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Fairbairn a ranar 23 ga Maris, 1855 a New Town, Victoria. Yana ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'ya bakwai (ciki har da 'ya'ya maza shida) waɗanda Virginia Charlotte ( née ta haifa. Armytage ) da George Fairbairn. Mahaifinsa ɗan ƙasar Scotland ne wanda ya tara filaye masu yawa a Ostiraliya kuma ya auri 'yar ɗaya daga cikin abokan kasuwancinsa George Armytage. Fairbairn ya fara karatunsa a Makarantar Grammar Geelong, daga baya ya yi lokaci a Edinburgh inda kawunsa Patrick Fairbairn ya koyar da shi. 

A shekara ta 1874, Fairbairn ta tafi Kwalejin Jesus, Cambridge.[1] Ya yi kwale-kwale a Jesus College Boat Club a shekara ta 1875 da 1876, shekaru biyu na farko na tsawon shekaru 11 har zuwa 1885 lokacin da ta lashe tseren kwale-kwale na Cambridge. Ƙaninsa Steve ya ci gaba da zama mai horar da kwale-kwale mai tasiri a kulob din. Fairbairn ya koma Australia a shekara ta 1876 kuma a cikin shekaru masu zuwa ya kula da tashoshin Peak Downs da Barcaldine a Queensland. Ya auri Jessie Kate Prell a watan Nuwamba na 1880 kuma sun haifi ɗa da mace. A shekara ta 1890, ya karɓi gonar iyali a Lara, Victoria sannan daga baya ya sami wasu gonaki a Victoria da New South Wales kuma ya haɓaka sha'awar kasuwanci da yawa. Ya kasance shugaban ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta Australia na tsawon shekaru shida.[2]

## Siyasa
A shekarar 1903, an zaɓi Fairbairn a matsayin kujerar Majalisar Dokokin Victoria ta Toorak, wadda ya riƙe har zuwa 1906 lokacin da ya yi murabus don tsayawa takarar kujerar Fawkner da aka ƙirƙira a Majalisar Wakilai ta Australiya. Fairbairn ya lashe Fawkner a zaɓen 1906. Masu adawa da gurguzu sun amince da Fairbairn, amma ya yi kamfen a matsayin mai kare haƙƙin jama'a. Bai zauna tare da masu adawa da gurguzu ba. 

A shekarar 1909, ya taimaka wajen ƙirƙirar haɗin kan jam'iyyun da ba na Labour ba zuwa "haɗakarwa". Ya rasa Fawkner a zaɓen 1913, bayan sake rarraba zaɓe mara kyau, amma an zaɓe shi zuwa Majalisar Dattawa daga zaɓen 1917, amma bai tsaya takarar sake tsayawa takara a zaɓen 1922 ba.  

## Manazarta
Benjamin Clement Eghan

**Benjamin Clement Eghan** ma'aikacin gwamnati ne na Ghana . Ya kasance Babban Kwamishinan Ghana a Malaysia daga 2013 zuwa 2017,   kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Sakataren Majalisar Ministoci daga 2009 zuwa 2013 a gwamnatin John Atta-Mills .  

Daga shekarar 1993 zuwa 2002, Eghan ya yi aiki a matsayin babban darakta a ma'aikatun gwamnatin Ghana, wadanda suka hada da Ma'aikatar Muhalli, Kimiyya da Fasaha da kuma Ma'aikatar Ma'aikata da Aiki. Ya kasance babban malami kuma shugaban Makarantar Ayyukan Jama'a ta GIMPA kafin shugaban kasa John Atta-Mills ya dawo da shi aikin gwamnati.

## Manazarta
Silveria Jacobs

Silveria Elfrieda Jacobs (an haife ta a ranar 31 ga Yuli 1968)[1] 'Yar siyasa ce ta Sint Maarten kuma tsohuwar Minista ta Sint Maarten daga 2019 zuwa 2024.[2]

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Silveria Elfrieda Jacobs a ranar 31 ga Yuli 1968 a Aruba ga Nadia Willemsberg . Yayinda yake yaro, Jacobs ya halarci Makarantar Leonald Conner da Kwalejin Milton Peters a Sint Maarten .  Bayan ta sami difloma ta HAVO a 1986, Jacobs ta shiga Jami'ar Virgin Islands inda ta sami digiri na farko a Ilimi. Tsakanin 1992 da 2011, Jacobs ya yi aiki a makarantar firamare ta Leonard Conner a Philipsburg, da farko a matsayin malami sannan daga baya a matsayin mai kula da dalibai.

## Ayyuka
A shekara ta 2010, Jacobs ya shiga kungiyar National Alliance (NA).  Tsakanin 2012 da 2013, ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Ilimi, Matasa, Wasanni da Al'adu a majalisar Wescot-Williams ta biyu. Ta kuma rike wannan mukamin daga 2015 zuwa 2018 a cikin majalisun Marlin na farko da na biyu.

A shekara ta 2014, an zabe ta a matsayin memba na majalisa. A ranar 3 ga watan Janairun 2018, ta gaji William Marlin a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar NA, mace ta farko a wannan mukamin. A cikin zabuka uku da suka gabata Jacobs, ya gama gabaɗaya a matsayin na biyu mafi girma a bayan Theodore Heyliger.

Bayan faduwar majalisar ministocin Marlin-Romeo ta biyu, an cimma yarjejeniyar hadin gwiwa tsakanin National Alliance, United St. Maarten Party da 'yan majalisa masu zaman kansu Luc Mercelina da Chanel Brownbill. Gwamna Eugene Holiday ne ya nada Jacobs a ranar 30 ga Satumba 2019 don kafa majalisar ministoci ta wucin gadi wacce ya kamata, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, ta ba da fifiko ga kammala dokokin yaki da tsabar kudi da kuma shirya zaben jihohi da sake fasalin zabe.  An rantsar da majalisar Jacobs ta farko a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 2019. 

Jacobs ya magance annobar coronavirus ta 2020 a Sint Maarten. Ta ba da umarnin tsawaita ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye a ranar 11 ga Maris 2020. [1] An rantsar da majalisar Jacobs ta biyu a ranar 28 ga Maris 2020. Ma'aikatar Jacobs ta biyu ta kunshi Ministan Gidaje, Shirye-shiryen Yanayi da Ci Gaban (VROMI) Egbert Jurendy Doran; Ministan Ilimi, Al'adu, Matasa da Wasanni Rodolphe Samuel; Ministan Kudi Ardwell Irion; Ministan Shari'a Anna Richardson; Ministan Ayyuka da Lafiya (VSA) Omar Ottley, Ministan Cikakken Renee Violenus; Ministan Yawon Bude Ido, Harkokin Tattalin Arziki, Hanyar Hanyar Hoto, da Sadarwa (TEATT) Arthur Leo Lambriex. Richard Pannefleck ne ya rike mukamin Ministan TEATT, wanda memba na majalisar Ludmila de Weever ya gaje shi. Bayan dawowar MP de Weever zuwa majalisa, an nada Roger Lawrence a matsayin Ministan TEATT. Bayan murabus din Mista Lawrence, Arthur Leo Lambriex ya ci gaba kuma ya kasance a matsayin Minista na sauran wa'adin Jacobs II.

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin shugabannin gwamnati na Sint Maarten

## Manazarta
Gidan namun daji na kasa

**Gidan namun daji na Ƙasa** wani gidan namun daji ne da ke Kilkenny, County Kilkenny, Ireland . Tarinsa ya haɗa da dabbobi masu rarrafe, masu ruwa da tsaki, da marasa ƙashi;  yana da dabbobi 120 daban-daban daga nau'ikan sama da 50. 

## Tarin
Tarin dabbobin gidan namun daji ya haɗa da kada, python, manyan ƙadangaru, geckos, kwaɗin darts masu guba da tarantulas . 

Gidan namun daji yana da wurin baje kolin daki na dare tare da zagayowar dare da rana ta wucin gadi, don baƙi su iya lura da dabbobin dare yayin da suke aiki. 

## Tarihi
James Hennessy ne ya gina gidan namun daji, wanda ya yi hayar wani rumfa mai fadin murabba'in mita 2,000, sannan ya gina wurin killace dabbobi na farko da kansa. Da farko an sanya masa suna "Ƙauyen Dabbobi Masu Dabbobi". Daga baya gidan namun daji ya canza sunansa, kuma nan da shekarar 2015, ginin ya faɗaɗa zuwa faɗin murabba'in mita 6,000. 

A watan Afrilun 2019, gobara ta tashi a gidan namun daji, inda ta kashe maciji tare da raunata wasu dabbobi. Haka kuma an lalata kayan kare dafin da ke gidan namun daji, wanda shi ne kawai kayan kare dafin da ke cikinsa a Ireland.  A watan Mayun 2019, an sanar da cewa gidan namun daji zai koma wani wuri mafi girma a wajen birnin Kilkenny. 

A shekarar 2020, gidan namun daji ya rasa kudin shiga a lokacin annobar COVID-19 kuma dole ne ya dogara da gudummawar jama'a.  Bayan amincewa da kariyar COVID-19 da nisantar da jama'a, gidan namun daji ya sami adadin baƙi mafi yawa a shekarar 2022. 

## Manazarta
Charlie Gardiner (ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Australiya)

**Charles Gardiner** (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Maris 1983)  tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Australiya wanda ke buga ƙwallon ƙafa a Geelong da St Kilda a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Australia.

## Sana'a
An ɗauki Gardiner daga Sandringham Zebras kuma Geelong ya zaɓi lamba 23 a cikin daftarin ƙasa na 2001.

Gardiner yana cikin ƙungiyar TAC Cup ta shekara da kuma ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 ta All-Australian a shekara ta 2001. Gardiner shi ma ya zo na biyu a cikin mafi kyawun & adalci na Sandringham kuma wakilin Victoria Metro na 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 a shekara ta 2001. A shekara ta 2002 Gardiner ya fara bugawa ƙungiyar manyan 'yan wasan Geelong wasa daga baya a wannan shekarar.

An yi cinikin Gardiner zuwa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta St Kilda a lokacin makon ciniki na 2007, tare da abokin wasansa Steven King na Cats a zaɓen 90 na ƙungiyar St Kilda. Ya yi shekara ɗaya ba tare da nuna damuwa ba, inda ya buga wasanni 12, ciki har da wasan ƙarshe da ƙungiyar Geelong ta buga, kuma ya zura kwallaye 9, amma a ƙarshe bai isa ya riƙe matsayinsa a jerin 'yan wasan Saints ba, kuma an cire shi daga jerin a ƙarshen kakar wasa. Tun daga lokacin ya koma ƙwallon ƙafa ta son rai a VAFA.

A shekarar 2019 Gardiner ya koma Sydney Swans a matsayin Babban Manajan Kwallon Kafa.

## Manazarta
Hanyar Baden-Powell

**Hanyar Baden-Powell** hanya ce mai tsauri amma mai kyau wacce take da tsawon kilomita 48, wacce ta ratsa daga Horseshoe Bay a Yammacin Vancouver zuwa Deep Cove a Arewacin Vancouver, British Columbia, Kanada. An sanya mata suna ne bayan Robert Baden-Powell, Lord Baden-Powell, wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar Scouting Movement ta duniya. 

## Yanayin ƙasa
Hanyar tana da tsawon kilomita arba'in da takwas (kilomita 48), tana miƙewa (yamma zuwa gabas) daga Horseshoe Bay a Yammacin Vancouver zuwa Deep Cove a Gundumar Arewacin Vancouver . A tsakani, hanyar tana ratsa tsaunukan North Shore da ke da dazuzzuka. Hakanan tana haɗuwa da wasu hanyoyi na gida da dama.

## Wuraren da ake sha'awa
Akwai wurare da dama masu ban sha'awa da kuma wurare masu ban sha'awa a kan hanyar.  Waɗannan sun haɗa da:

* saman Dutsen **Baƙar fata** (mita 1217)
* Dajin Tsohon Girma na Dutsen Hollyburn.
* ketare Kogin Capilano ta hanyar madatsar ruwa ta Cleveland
* Grouse Grind, wani wurin motsa jiki mai ƙalubale a Grouse Mountain (an rufe shi daga Nuwamba zuwa Afrilu)
* sanannen gadar Lynn Canyon Suspension Bridge a Lynn Canyon Park
* wani sashe a kan **Lynn Creek**
* wata kunkuntar gada da ke ratsa **kogin Seymour**
* Kallon **Dutsen Quarry** a Deep Cove
* kallon kusan dukkan Vancouver daga "Eagle Bluff," kusa da Cypress Provincial Park.

## Gano hanyar

An yi wa hanyar alama da tambarin lemu mai haske mai siffar uku waɗanda aka haɗa da bishiyoyi kusa da hanyar da kuma wasu alamun shuɗin alkibla. Bugu da ƙari, alamun yau da kullun suna nuna alkibla kuma suna ba da ma'aunin nisa. An sanya matakala da gadoji da dama a kan hanyar don ta zama mai wucewa a cikin ƙasa mai tsayi, mai wahala, ko mai haɗari. Duk da haka, saman hanyar *ba a* bayyane yake ba gaba ɗaya; akwai cikas da yawa kamar tushen da aka fallasa, manyan duwatsu, da manyan kududdufai na laka. Wasu sassan hanyar suna da tsayi musamman kuma suna iya jin ɗan fallasa.

## Gine-gine
An gina hanyar ne a shekarar 1971 domin bikin cika shekaru 100 da shigar British Columbia cikin Kanada a matsayin lardi. Kungiyoyin Boy Scouts da Girl Guides na BC ne suka fara aikin, kuma yawancin ayyukan gina ta matasa ne suka yi ta.

## Abubuwan da suka faru
Kowace shekara, ana gudanar da tseren gudu mai matuƙar wahala a kan hanyar ƙetare ƙasa da aka sani da **Knee Knackering North Shore Trail Run** (ko Knee Knacker) a kan cikakken tsawon hanyar Baden-Powell. 

## Samun dama
Hanyar tana da wurare da yawa da za a iya shiga a duk faɗinta. A ƙarshen Yamma, hanyar ta fara ne inda Babbar Hanya 99 (Sea-To-Sky) da Babbar Hanya 1 suka bambanta, duk da haka akwai ƙarancin filin ajiye motoci a wannan wurin. A ƙarshen Gabas, hanyar ta fara ne a Panorama Park, arewacin zuciyar Deep Cove. 

## Duba kuma

* Binciken Bincike a British Columbia

## Manazarta
Raimon Arola

**Raimon Arola Ferrer** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1956, a Tarragona), Likitan Tarihin Fasaha kuma farfesa a Jami'ar Barcelona, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙwararru a fannin alamomin addini, fasaha da al'adun Hermetic .  Ya ba da tarurrukan karawa juna sani da yawa a jami'o'i daban-daban kuma ya yi aiki tare a cikin mujallar *La Puerta* . A halin yanzu shi ne darektan Arsgravis kuma yana shiga cikin ƙungiyar bincike *Aula Música Poètica* . Duk littattafansa da yawa suna da karbuwa a ƙasashen duniya.

## Littattafai

* (2012) *La cábala y la alquimia en la tradición espiritual de Occidente (siglos XV-XVII)* . Palma de Mallorca: José J. de Olañeta. 
* (2011) *El símbolo en la espiritualidad contemporánea* .
* (2008) *Alquimia y religión.* *Los símbolos herméticos del siglo XVII* . Barcelona: Siruela. ISBN&nbsp;
* (2006) Raimon Arola (ed.). *Creer lo ban mamaki. Lo antiguo y lo nuevo en la historia de las religiones* . Tarragona: Masu gyara Arolas. ISBN&nbsp;
* (2003) *El buscador del orden* . Tarragona: Arola masu gyara. ISBN&nbsp; .
* (1999) *Los amores de los dioses.* *Mitología da alquimia* . Barcelona: Altafulla. ISBN&nbsp;
* (1997) *El tarot de Mantegna* . Barcelona: Altafulla. ISBN&nbsp;
* (1995) *Las estatus vivas.* *Ensayo sobre arte y simbolismo* . Barcelona: Obelisco. ISBN&nbsp;
* (1990) *Textos y glosas sobre el arte sagrado* . Barcelona: Obelisco. ISBN&nbsp;
* (1986) *Simbolismo del templo* . Barcelona: Obelisco. ISBN&nbsp;
* (1985) *L'arbre, l'gida i el tremp* . Barcelona: Obelisco.

## Manazarta
Hanyar Dunedin Tunnel

Hanyar Dunedin Tunnel hanya ce ta  da aka gabatar hanyar tafiya da keke ta raba a Otago, New Zealand, wacce aka buɗe a wani ɓangare. Za ta haɗa garin Mosgiel da tsakiyar birnin Dunedin . Hanyar za ta bi tsohuwar hanyar layin dogo ta zamanin Victoria tsakanin Wingatui da Caversham, wacce ke ɗauke da ramukan dogo guda biyu na tarihi: Tashar Chain Hills da Tashar Caversham.

Hanyar tana samar da hanyar haɗi mai faɗi, wacce ba ta kan hanya ba tsakanin wasu unguwannin Dunedin, ciki har da Fairfield, Abbotsford, Green Island, da Burnside . 

## Tarihi

An gina tsarin layin dogo na asali a shekarun 1870 a matsayin wani ɓangare na Babban Layin Kudu. Bayan buɗe sabon layin dogo mai layuka biyu a shekarar 1910, an dakatar da aikin hanyoyin Chain Hills da Lookout Point (Caversham) a shekarar 1911. 

An kafa Kamfanin Dunedin Tunnels Trail Trust don gyara waɗannan ramukan da kuma mayar da hanyar zuwa wani kadara na nishaɗi da na masu yawon buɗe ido. Duk da cewa an ƙi aikin da farko don samun kuɗaɗen ƙasa a farkon 2024 saboda canje-canje a cikin manyan abubuwan da gwamnati ta fi mayar da hankali a kansu, ya sami babban ci gaba a watan Nuwamba na 2025 lokacin da Gwamnatin New Zealand ta sanar da tallafin dala miliyan 2 ta hannun Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci, Kirkire-kirkire da Aiki (MBIE) don tallafawa ci gaban matakai na 2 da 3.  

## Matakan gini
Ana ci gaba da aikin a matakai biyar daban-daban:

* Mataki na 1 - Ramin Chain Hills: Wannan sashe mai tsawon kilomita 1.5 yana gudana daga Titin Gladstone ta Arewa a Wingatui ta hanyar Ramin Chain Hills. Ya ƙunshi gyare-gyare masu yawa na tubali, shigar da haske, da kuma sabon saman tsakuwa. An buɗe wannan matakin ga jama'a a hukumance a watan Disamba na 2025. 

* Matakai na 2 & 3 - Wingatui zuwa Burnside: An shirya fadada hanyar ta Fairfield da Abbotsford zuwa Green Island. Ana sa ran kammala ginin zai fara ne daga tsakiyar shekarar 2027. 

* Matakai na 4 & 5 - Burnside zuwa Caversham: Waɗannan matakai na ƙarshe sun haɗa da ratsa kwarin Kaikorai da kuma gyara ramin Caversham. Mataki na 5, wanda Majalisar Birnin Dunedin ke kula da shi, yana buƙatar rage kayayyakin more rayuwa (gas, ruwa, da wutar lantarki) a cikin ramin. Ana sa ran kammala cikakken hanyar kilomita 15 a shekarar 2028. 

## Siffofi

* An tsara hanyar ne don ta kasance mai sauƙin isa ga masu amfani da kowane zamani da ƙwarewa. Manyan fasaloli sun haɗa da:

* Kare Gado: Maido da tsarin gine-ginen layin dogo na zamanin Victorian.

* Haɗin kai: Haɗa kai da babbar hanyar sadarwa ta Otago, gami da hanyar Otago Central Rail Trail da Clutha Gold Trail . 

* Tsaro: Hanyar da ba ta kan hanya ba gaba ɗaya tare da hasken wuta da shinge a kan tsoffin hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa. 

## Manazarta