Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe – Social Democratic Party

The Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe – Social Democratic Party (Portuguese  **Movimento de Libertação de São Tomé e Príncipe - Partido Social Democrata**, abbr. **MLSTP-PSD** ) ɗaya ce daga cikin manyan jam'iyyun siyasa a Sao Tomé da Principe. Jorge Bom Jesus shine shugaban jam'iyyar na yanzu.

## Tarihi

### Shekarun farko

An kafa jam'iyyar, a lokacin da ake kira Kwamitin 'Yancin São Tomé da Principe, a cikin shekarar 1960 a matsayin ƙungiya mai kishin ƙasa  mai adawa da 'yan mulkin mallaka na Portugal. A cikin shekarar 1961 ta shiga CONCP tare da sauran ƙungiyoyin gurguzu da gurguzu da ke yaƙi da Daular Portugal a Afirka. 'Yan gudun hijira ne suka kafa CLSTP wanda a ƙarshe suka kafa sansaninsu a Gabon kusa da nan. Manuel Pinto da Costa, wanda zai zama shugaban ƙasa na São Tomé and Principe mai zaman kansa, shine shugaban jam'iyyar. A cikin shekarar 1972, CLSTP ya zama MLSTP.

Bayan *juyin juya halin Carnation* na watan Afrilu 1974 a Portugal, sabuwar gwamnati ta amince da miƙa mulki ga MLSTP. Daga baya waccan shekarar, an amince da MLSTP a matsayin halaltaccen wakilin mutanen Santomean.

### 'Yanci da mulkin jam'iyya ɗaya
Bayan wani ɗan gajeren lokaci na gwamnatin riƙon ƙwarya, an gudanar da zaɓe na majalisar wakilai kuma MLSTP ta lashe dukkan kujeru 16 na ta.

An sami 'yancin kai a ranar 12 ga watan Yuli 1975, tare da Manuel Pinto da Costa a matsayin shugaban ƙasa da Miguel Trovoada a matsayin Firayim Minista. Kundin tsarin mulkin da aka fitar a ranar 12 ga watan Disamba 1975, ya ba da cikakken iko ga shugaban ƙasa kuma MLSTP ta zama jam'iyyar siyasa ta ƙasa tilo ta doka.

A ƙarshen shekarun 1970 zuwa 1980, tsarin gurguzu na jam'iyyar da kuma tsarin al'ummar ƙasar ya kai ga kulla alaka mai karfi da Cuba, Gabashin Jamus da Tarayyar Soviet.

### Sauya mulkin demokraɗiyya
A ƙarshen shekarar 1989, wani ɓangare na jam'iyyar mai ci gaba a cikin jam'iyyar ya fara sauya sheka zuwa cikakken tsarin jam'iyyu da yawa, bayan wata muhawara a taron jam'iyyar na ƙasa.

An amince da kundin tsarin mulkin dimokraɗiyya wanda kwamitin tsakiya na MLSTP ya gabatar da ƙuri'ar raba gardama a watan Agusta 1990.

A taron Jam'iyyar MLSTP a watan Oktoba na shekarar 1990, an naɗa Carlos Graça a matsayin sabon Sakatare-Janar, a maye gurbin Manuel Pinto da Costa. Bugu da ƙari, an yi wa jam'iyyar kwaskwarima ga kungiyar Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe - Social Democratic Party (MLSTP–PSD).

A cikin wani babban taron jam'iyyar MLSTP-PSD da aka gudanar a watan Mayun 1998, an zaɓi Manuel Pinto da Costa a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar ba tare da hamayya ba, muƙamin da ya riƙe har zuwa shekara ta 2005.

A babban taron jam'iyyar na huɗu, Guilherme Posser da Costa, tsohon firayim minista, an zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban MLSTP–PSD a ranar 27 ga watan Fabrairu 2005, ya gaji Pinto da Costa. Kuri'u 708 ne suka amince da Posser da Costa, wanda shi ne ɗan takara ɗaya tilo, yayin da kuri'u uku suka nuna adawa da shi.  Tun daga watan Yuni 2008, Shugaban MLSTP-PSD shine Joaquim Rafael Branco. 

A watan Yunin 2008, bayan da Firaiminista Patrice Trovoada na jam'iyyar Independent Democratic Action (ADI) ta sha kaye a kuri'ar rashin amincewa, shugaba Fradique de Menezes ya buƙaci MLSTP-PSD ta kafa gwamnati, kuma ta zaɓi Branco ya zama firayim minista na gaba.  ADI ta yi tir da naɗa Menezes na MLSTP-PSD don kafa gwamnati a matsayin wanda ya saɓawa kundin tsarin mulki, yana mai cewa ya makara a wa'adin majalisa don yin hakan, kuma ta kai batun zuwa Kotun Koli ta Shari'a. 

An zaɓi shugaban MLSTP-PSD na yanzu, Aurelio Martins, a ranar 15 ga watan Janairu, 2011 a cikin V Ordinary Congress of the Party.

A yau MLSTP-PSD na da dangantakar abokantaka da jam'iyyun siyasa a wasu katsashen Lusophone, ciki har da Socialist Party (PS) a Portugal da People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola ( MPLA ).

## Ayyukan da aka yi a zaɓukan baya-bayan nan
A zaɓukan farko na Dimokuraɗiyya  da aka gudanar a ƙasar a watan Janairun 1991, jam'iyyar ta sha kashi a rumfunan zaɓe inda ta samu kashi 30.5% na kuri'u da kujeru 21 a majalisar dokokin ƙasar  mai wakilai 55.

A watan Disamba 1992 zaɓen cikin gida ya haifar da MLSTP–PSD ta sami iko da larduna biyar daga cikin bakwai na ƙasar.

A zaɓukan ‘yan majalisu na shekarar 1994, jam’iyyar ta samu kashi 37% na kuri’un da aka kaɗa, ta kuma dawo da ikon Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa, inda ta samu kujeru 27 daga cikin kujeru 55, wanda bai samu cikakken rinjaye ba.

Zaɓen da aka yi a watan Maris na shekara ta 1995 ga sabuwar majalisar wakilai bakwai da aka kafa a ƙaramin tsibirin Principe ya haifar da wata nasara ga jam’iyyar.

Manuel Pinto da Costa ya yi takara a matsayin ɗan takarar MLSTP-PSD a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa  na shekarar 1996. A zagayen farko, ya zo na biyu bayan shugaban ƙasar mai ci Miguel Trovoada, inda ya samu kashi 39% na kuri'un da aka kaɗa, yayin da Trovoada ta samu kashi 41%. A zagaye na biyu ya sha kaye a hannun Trovoada wanda ya samu kashi 52.7% na kuri'un da aka kaɗa inda ya samu kashi 47.3%.

A cikin zaɓen majalisa na shekarar 1998, MLSTP-PSD ta sami kashi 50.6% na ƙuri'u kuma ta ƙara rinjaye a Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa daga kujeru 27 zuwa 31.

A zaɓen shugaban ƙasa  na watan Yuli 2001, Manuel Pinto da Costa ya sake yin yunkurin sake samun shugabancin ƙasar, amma ɗan kasuwa Fradique de Menezes ya doke shi da kyau da kashi 55.2% zuwa kashi 40.0%.

Zaɓen majalisa na watan Maris 2002 ya kiyaye matsayin MLSTP–PSD a matsayin babbar jam'iyya a Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa, amma ta kujera ɗaya kawai. Jam'iyyar ta samu kashi 39.6% na kuri'un da aka kaɗa kuma ta samu kujeru 24 daga cikin kujeru 55.

A zaɓen majalisar dokoki na ranar 26 ga watan Maris 2006, jam'iyyar ta zo ta biyu a bayan jam'iyyar Force for Change Democratic Movement - Democratic Convergence Party (MDFM-PCD), inda ta lashe kujeru 20 cikin 55.

Jam'iyyar ba ta tsayar da ɗan takara a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa  na 30 ga watan Yuli 2006 ba, inda ta zaɓi shiga kawancen jam'iyyun da ke goyon bayan Patrice Trovoada na jam'iyyar Independent Democratic Action (ADI). Ɗan takara Fradique de Menezes ne ya kayar da shi, inda ya samu kashi 38.82% na kuri'un da aka kaɗa inda de Menezes ya samu kashi 60.58.

A zaɓukan 'yan majalisa na baya-bayan nan da aka gudanar a ranar 1 ga watan Agusta, 2010, MLSTP–PSD ta zama jam'iyya mafi girma ta biyu (a bayan ADI), ta lashe kujeru 21. A shekarar 2011, a karshe Pinto da Costa ya yi nasarar sake samun shugabancin ƙasar, duk da cewa a hukumance ya tsaya takara a matsayin mai cin gashin kansa.

Evaristo Carvalho shi ne shugaban São Tomé and Principe, bayan ya kayar da Manuel Pinto da Costa mai ci a zaɓen shekarar 2016. Shugaba Carvalho kuma mataimakin shugaban jam'iyyar Independent Democratic Action (ADI). Patrice Emery Trovoada ya kasance Firayim Minista tun 2014 kuma shi ne shugaban jam'iyyar Independent Democratic Action (ADI). A cikin watan Disamba 2018, Jorge Bom Jesus, shugaban MLSTP-PSD, an rantsar da shi a matsayin sabon Firayim Minista. 

A zaɓen shekarar 2021 ɗan takarar Independent Democratic Action Carlos Vila Nova ya yi nasara a kan ɗan takarar MLSTP-PSD Guilherme Posser da Costa da kashi 58% na kuri'un.  An rantsar da Nova a matsayin shugaban ƙasa a ranar 2 ga watan Oktoba 2021.

## Tarihin zaɓe

### Zaɓen shugaban ƙasa

### Zaɓen majalisar dokokin ƙasa

## Manazarta