Maurice Yaméogo

**Maurice Nawalagmba** Yaméogo (31 Disamba 1921 - 15 Satumba 1993) shine shugaban farko na Jamhuriyar Upper Volta, wanda a yanzu ake kira Burkina Faso, daga 1960 zuwa 1966.

"Monsieur Maurice" ya ƙunshi jihar Voltaic a lokacin samun 'yancin kai. Sai dai hawan siyasarsa bai samu ba sai da wahala. A matsayinsa na memba na mulkin mallaka daga 1946, Maurice Yaméogo ya sami wuri don kansa a cikin yanayin siyasa na Upper Volta godiya ga gwaninta a matsayin mai magana. A watan Mayun 1957, lokacin da aka kafa gwamnatin Upper Voltaic ta farko da aka kafa karkashin Loi Cadre Defferre, ya shiga gwamnatin hadin gwiwa da Ouezzin Coulibaly ya kafa, a matsayin ministan noma kuma memba na Voltaic Democratic Movement (MDV). A cikin Janairu 1958, wanda aka yi barazanar jefa kuri'a na cin zarafi, Coulibaly ya yaudari Maurice Yaméogo da abokansa a cikin majalisa don shiga cikin Voltaic Democratic Union-African Democratic Assembly (UDV-RDA) don musanya alkawurran ci gaba a cikin gwamnati. Maurice Yaméogo ya tashi ya zama na biyu a kan mukaminsa, tare da babban fayil na cikin gida, matsayin da ya ba shi damar zama shugaban rikon kwarya, bayan mutuwar Coulibay a watan Satumba na 1958.

Matsayinsa na siyasa mai girgiza da yanayi ya ƙarfafa shi ta hanyar yanayi. Bayan ayyana Jamhuriyar Upper Volta a ranar 11 ga Disamba 1958, ya yi wani abin mamaki game da Tarayyar Mali wanda Léopold Sédar Senghor ya ba da shawara. Majalisar Voltaic ta goyi bayan kasancewar Upper Volta a cikin Tarayyar, amma Yaméogo ya zaɓi ikon siyasa da ƙayyadaddun haɗin kai na tattalin arziki tare da Conseil de l'Entente. Sa'an nan kuma, ta hanyar yin amfani da rikice-rikice, Yaméogo ya kawar da duk 'yan adawa na majalisa. Jam’iyyar UDV-RDA ta kawar da makiya, ya kafa tsarin jam’iyya daya. Upper Volta ta samu kanta a karkashin mulkin kama-karya tun ma kafin ta samu 'yancin kai a ranar 5 ga Agustan 1960.

A cikin manufofin kasashen waje, Yaméogo ya yi hassada kuma ya yaba da nasarar da abokin aikinsa Félix Houphouët-Boigny, shugaban Cote d'Ivoire ya samu, wanda ya bijire wa 'yan gurguzu ta hanyar kafa kungiyar kwastam ta ephemeral (1961-1962) tare da "mai son ci gaba" Ghana na Kwame Nirema. Houphouët-Boigny duk da haka ya kasance na kusa da shi kuma a cikin Disamba 1965, Yaméogo ya rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya tare da shi don ba da 'yan kasa biyu ga 'yan kasashen biyu. Duk da haka, wannan aikin bai kai ga nasara ba. A ranar 3 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1966, sakamakon tsauraran matakan tsuke bakin aljihu, gwamnatin Yaméogo ta yi juyin mulki ta hanyar zanga-zangar lumana da kungiyoyin kwadago da sarakunan gargajiya da malamai suka shirya. A cikin 1993, ya mutu bayan Shugaba Blaise Compaore ya gyara shi.

## Rayuwar farko
Dangane da tarihin rayuwarsa, an haifi Maurice Yaméogo a ranar 31 ga Disamba 1921 a Koudougou, wani gari mai tazarar kilomita 98 ​​yamma da Ouagadougou, tare da 'yar uwarsa tagwaye Wamanegdo. Shi ɗan ƙauyen Mossi ne, [2] wanda ya siffanta su a matsayin “iyali na arna, gaba ɗaya an ba shi ga dukan gungun camfe-camfe.”  Sun sanya masa suna Naoua Laguemba (kuma ya rubuta Nawalagma) wanda ke nufin “ya zo ne don ya haɗa su.”

Tun yana ƙarami, Naoua Laguemba yana sha'awar addinin Kiristanci sosai. Wannan son zuciya ya haifar da cin zarafi da yawa daga danginsa. An ba da rahoton cewa yaron Yaméogo ya sami baftisma na gaggawa a ranar 28 ga Yuli 1929, shekara guda kafin lokacin da aka tsara, bayan walƙiya ta same shi. Firist Van der Shaegue wanda ya yi baftisma ya ba shi Maurice a matsayin waliyyi. Mahaifiyarsa ta rasu bayan kwana uku, ana zaton ta gigice. Bayan waɗannan abubuwan, ya karɓi sunan Maurice Yaméogo, da niyyar zama firist.

Bayan ya yi ƴan shekaru a makaranta a ƙauyensa, an shigar da Maurice Yaméogo zuwa ƙaramar Seminary na Pabré. A ranar 5 ga Satumba 1934, ya bar iyalinsa don ci gaba da karatunsa. Pabré na ɗaya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyi a ƙasar; baya ga cewa ta samar da mafi yawan limaman kasar, daliban makarantar karama sun cika matsayi mafi girma na gwamnati da masu zaman kansu. A sakamakon haka, ya sadu da da yawa daga cikin taurari masu tasowa na Upper Volta, irin su Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Joseph Ouédraogo, da Pierre Tapsoba, waɗanda suka kulla abota ta kud da kud da su. Amma dangantakarsa ta kauce daga ma'auni na majami'a. Yaméogo ya so ya zama firist, amma yana sha'awar mata da liyafa. A cikin 1939, ya bar ƙaramar Seminary na Pabré, ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.

## Sana'ar sana'a
Duk da kasa kammala karatunsa, ilimin Yaméogo ya ba shi damar samun matsayin jama'a a matsayin ma'aikacin jigilar kayayyaki na Hukumar Mulki ta Faransa. Wannan matsayi mai girma yana nufin nasara, tsaro da daraja. A cikin wannan lokacin ya ƙara shiga cikin mata. Ya kasance yana sha'awar wata mace mai suna Thérèse Larbat, wadda mahaifinta ya ƙi yarda ya aure ta saboda shi ɗan Afirka ne kuma ba shi da "wayewa" don kula da jin daɗinta. Hakan ya fusata Yaméogo, amma a ƙarshe, ya yi murabus don ya auri wata mace mai ilimi daga Koudougou, Félicité Zagré. Tare suka gabatar da kansu a matsayin "samuwar" biyu na Koudougou; Félicité ita ce kaɗai ɗan Afirka a garin da ya yi ado kamar Bature.

A cikin 1940, a matsayin wani ɓangare na yakin duniya na biyu, an aika Yaméogo zuwa Abidjan a cikin ƙananan Côte d'Ivoire, aljanna ga 'yan Afirka "samuwar". An gudanar da bukukuwa na yau da kullum a can inda Yaméogo ya nemi ya kara masa matsayi a cikin al'umma. Ya nemi a cikin wasu abubuwa don yin abokai da yawa a cikin "masu tasowa" wadanda ba 'yan Voltaic ba. A Abidjan Yaméogo ya yi mamakin yadda wasu ’yan kasuwar Voltaic ke safarar ma’aikata ba bisa ka’ida ba domin su wadata manyan gonaki da ma’aikata. A cikin Upper Volta, Maurice kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin magatakarda na Ma'aikatar Gudanarwa, Lissafi da Kuɗi (SAFC) na Hukumar Mulki ta Faransa. Don haka, an nada shi a garuruwa kamar Dedougou da Koudougou. Daga baya an nada Yaméogo shugaban kungiyar CFTC (Confederation of Christian Workers) na kungiyarsa, kuma mataimakin shugaban CFTC Upper-Volta.

## Farkon aikin siyasa
Bayan ya koma garinsa bayan yakin, an zabe shi a matsayin babban kansila na Koudougou a ranar 15 ga Disamba 1946. Upper Volta ya daina wanzuwa bayan 1932, an raba shi tsakanin Cote d'Ivoire, Sudan ta Faransa da Nijar. Wannan bai yi wa mutanen Upper Volta dadi ba, wadanda suka zabi Philippe Zinda Kaboré a Majalisar Dokokin Faransa a watan Nuwamba 1946 tare da wajabcin dawo da Upper Volta. Yaméogo ya shiga tawagar Kaboré a cikin bege ta yadda zai hanzarta hawan kansa. Lokacin da Kaboré ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Mayu 1947, Yaméogo ya sanya kansa a matsayin magajinsa na ruhaniya.

A ranar 4 ga Satumba 1947, an maido da Upper Volta tare da iyakokinta na 1932. Daga baya, wata doka ta Faransa ta 31 Maris 1948 ta kafa Majalisar Yanki ta Upper Volta. Wannan taro ya ƙunshi kujeru hamsin, talatin da huɗu daga cikinsu za a gudanar da su ne ta babban mashawarcin da aka zaɓa yayin da aka raba Upper Volta. Yaméogo yana cikin wannan rukuni kuma ya shirya zama a matsayin wani ɓangare na Kaboré's Voltaic Democratic Party (PDV), reshen karamar hukumar African Democratic Assembly (RDA). Koyaya, PDV-RDA ta sami koma baya a zaɓe. A cikin zabukan da aka yi tsakanin 30 ga Mayu da 20 ga Yuni, ta sami kujeru uku ne kawai daga cikin kujeru goma sha shida da aka shirya zaɓe, inda ta rasa sauran goma sha uku ga ƙungiyar Voltaic (UV). Bayan haka, a ranar 27 ga Yuni 1948, PDV-RDA ta sami koma baya ga UV, wanda Henri Guissou ya jagoranta. Yaméogo shima ya shiga UV, yana rantsuwa cewa ba zai sake zama memba na RDA ba.

## Manazarta