open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ofishin Gidaje

**Ofishin Gidaje** (**HB**) Ofishin manufofi ne na Gwamnatin Hong Kong . Yana da alhakin fayilolin gidaje. An kafa hukumar ne a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2022. Sakataren gidaje na yanzu (tun daga 1 ga Yulin 2022) shine Winnie Ho.

An kafa sabon ofishin ne a karkashin sake tsara tsarin manufofin Carrie Lam, Shugaba na biyar na Hong Kong, kuma John Lee, wanda ya gaje shi bayan Carrie Lam ya karbe shi.. A ranar 19 ga Yuni 2022, Gwamnatin Jama'a ta Tsakiya ta ba da sanarwar nadin Winnie Ho, a baya Darakta na Ayyukan Gine-gine, a matsayin Sakataren farko na Gidaje.

## Ƙananan sassan
Akwai sashen daya ne kawai da ofishin ke gudanarwa: 

## Manazarta
Juyin Juya Halin Carnation

The Carnation Revolution (Portuguese: Revolução dos Cravos), code-named Operation Historic Turn (Operação Viragem Histórica), also known as the April 25th (25 de Abril), was a military coup in Portugal by officers that overthrew the Estado Novo regime on 25 April 1974. The coup produced major social, economic, territorial, demographic, and political changes in the European country and its overseas colonies through the Ongoing Revolutionary Process (Processo Revolucionário em Curso). It resulted in the Portuguese transition to democracy and the end of the Portuguese Colonial War.

Juyin juya halin ya fara ne a matsayin juyin mulki da kungiyar Sojojin Sojoji (Portuguese: Movimento das Forças Armadas, MFA) ta shirya, wanda ya kunshi jami'an soja da suka yi adawa da mulkin, amma nan da nan an haɗa shi da yakin neman zabe na farar hula da ba a tsammani ba. Tattaunawa tare da ƙungiyoyin 'yancin kai na Afirka sun fara, kuma a ƙarshen shekara ta 1974, an janye sojojin Portugal daga Guinea ta Portugal, wanda ya zama memba na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a matsayin Guinea-Bissau . Wannan ya biyo baya a cikin 1975 ta hanyar samun 'yancin kai na Cape Verde, Mozambique, São Tomé da Príncipe da Angola a Afirka da kuma sanar da' yancin kai na Timor ta Gabas a Kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Wadannan abubuwan da suka faru sun haifar da ficewar 'yan asalin Portugal daga yankunan Afirka na Portugal (yawanci daga Angola da Mozambique), wanda ya haifar da fiye da miliyan daya na Portuguese da suka "koma" - da retornados . 
## Manazarta
Majalisar Gidaje

**Majalisar Gidaje** kungiya ce ta jama'a a Arewacin Ireland, wacce Hukumar Kula da Gidaje da Ma'aikatar Al'ummomi suka tuntube ta a kan dukkan batutuwan da suka shafi manufofin gidaje a Arewacin Irish.

Majalisar tana ganawa da NIHE sau ɗaya a wata don tattauna dabaru da ayyuka.  Ta ƙunshi wakilai guda ɗaya daga kowace majalissar gundumomi 26 a Arewacin Ireland.  Membobi hudu na Majalisar Gidaje a koyaushe suna zama a Hukumar Gudanarwar Gidaje.

## Manazarta
Portuguese Africans

Yan Afirka na Portuguese (Portuguese: luso-africanos) mutanen Portuguese ne da aka haifa ko kuma suka zauna har abada a Afirka (kada a rikita su da Portuguese na asalin Black African). Mafi yawan mutanen Afirka na Portuguese suna zaune a Portugal wanda ya kai sama da miliyan 1 tare da manyan 'yan tsiraru da ke zaune a Afirka ta Kudu, Namibia da ƙasashen Afirka masu magana da Portuguese (Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, São Tomé da Príncipe da Equatorial Guinea). Zuriyar mazauna Portuguese waɗanda aka haifa kuma "sun girma" a cikin gida tun lokacin mulkin mallaka na Portuguese ana kiransu Crioulos. Yawancin mutanen asali ba su da adadi tun da aka haɗa su cikin Portugal, Brazil, da sauran ƙasashe.

Wasu daga Angola ko Mozambique sun tafi Afirka ta Kudu, Malawi, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Amurka, Brazil ko Turai. Yawancin 'yan Afirka na Portuguese su ne 'yan Afirka ta Kudu, da kuma 'yan Angola na Portuguese, galibi sakamakon ƙaura kai tsaye daga Portugal, wato daga Madeira.
## Manazarta
Bauta a Portugal

Bautar a Portugal ta wanzu tun kafin a kafa kasar. A lokacin da ya gabata kafin samun 'yancin kai, mazaunan yankin Portuguese na yanzu galibi ana bautar da su kuma bautar da wasu. Bayan samun 'yancin kai, a lokacin wanzuwar Masarautar Portugal, kasar ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a Cinikin bayi na Atlantic, wanda ya shafi cinikin jama'a da jigilar bayi daga Afirka da sauran sassan duniya zuwa Amurka. Marquis na Pombal ya haramta shigo da baƙi a Turai Portugal a shekara ta 1761, kuma a lokaci guda, an karfafa cinikin baƙi zuwa Brazil, tare da goyon baya da sa hannun Marquis kai tsaye. An soke bautar a Portugal ne kawai a 1869.

Cinikin bayi na Atlantic ya fara ne a kusa da 1336 ko 1341, lokacin da 'yan kasuwa na Portugal suka kawo bayi na farko na Canary zuwa Turai.[3][4][5] A shekara ta 1526, masu aikin jirgin ruwa na Portugal sun ɗauki jirgin ruwa na farko na bayi na Afirka zuwa Brazil a Amurka, suna kafa kasuwancin bayi na triangular Atlantic.
## Manazarta
Ragewa na Legas

Reduction of Lagos ko Bombardment of Lagos wani aikin sojan ruwa ne na Burtaniya a ƙarshen 1851 wanda ya haɗa da Royal Navy ta bombarding Legas (a halin yanzu Najeriya) a ƙarƙashin hujja na murkushe Cinikin bayi na Atlantic da kuma kawar da Sarki (Oba) na Legas, Kosoko, don ƙin kawo ƙarshen cinikin bayi.

Yawancin abubuwan da suka shafi juna sun ba Gwamnatin Burtaniya da karfin gwiwa don aikin soja a kan Kosoko. Wadannan sha'awa sun hada da sha'awar Burtaniya don maye gurbin cinikin bayi tare da madadin cinikin "daidai", sha'awar mishan na Burtaniya don yada Kiristanci, da kuma tsoron cewa wasu mazaunan Legas, da aka sani da mutanen Saro, waɗanda aka 'yantar da su daga Cinikin bayi na Atlantic, za a tsananta musu kuma a sake bautar su.

Daga bisani Birtaniya ta kori Kosoko kuma ta maye gurbinsa da Akitoye, wanda a baya ya rasa kursiyinsa ga Kosoko kuma ya nemi Birtaniya su taimaka masa ya dawo mulki. A sakamakon haka, Akitoye ya yi alkawarin kawo karshen cinikin bayi. A shekara ta 1852, Akitoye da John Beecroft sun sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Tsakanin Burtaniya da Legas.

## Manazarta
Ka'idar yanayi

**Ka'idar yanayi** na iya kasancewa 

* Kowace ka'ida a cikin Climatology (Kimiyyar Yanayi) 
* Ka'idar yanayi ta Montesquieu
* Ka'idar makircin dumamar duniya, ka'idar cewa ana lalata kimiyyar dumamar duniya
Mulkin sarauta

Masarautar Crown ko Masarautar sarauta wani yanki ne wanda Ingila ke mulki, sannan kuma Biritaniya ko Ingila a cikin Ingila kuma daga baya Daular Burtaniya. Yawancin lokaci akwai gwamna don wakiltar Crown, wanda Sarkin Burtaniya ya nada bisa ga shawarar Gwamnatin Burtaniya, tare da ko ba tare da taimakon majalisa ba. A wasu lokuta, wannan majalisa ta kasu kashi biyu: majalisar zartarwa da majalisar dokoki, kuma majalisar zartaka ta yi kama da Majalisar Privy da ke ba da shawara ga sarki. Gwamnoni ne suka nada mambobin majalisun zartarwa, kuma 'yan Burtaniya da ke zaune a yankunan Crown ko dai ba su da wakilci a cikin kananan hukumomi, ko kuma iyakantaccen wakilci a ƙaramin gida. A cikin yankuna da yawa na Crown, wannan iyakantaccen wakilci ya karu da lokaci. Kamar yadda House of Commons na Majalisar Dattijai ta Burtaniya ba ta taɓa haɗa kujerun ga kowane yanki ba, babu wakilci kai tsaye a cikin gwamnatin mallaka ga talakawan Burtaniya ko 'yan ƙasa da ke zaune a cikin mulkin mallaka.

## Manazarta
Yankin rairayin bakin teku na kare

Yankin rairayin bakin teku na jama'a ne wanda aka tsara a matsayin wurin shakatawa na kare. Yankunan suna ba da damar karnuka su yi iyo don nishaɗi da kuma yin wasa tare da sahabbansa na mutane da sauran karnuka. Da yawa rairayin bakin teku ne na gaskiya da ke gefen gabar manyan ruwa, yayin da wasu, kamar rairayin kankara a Prospect Park Lake a Brooklyn, kawai tafkuna ne, tafkuna, ko tabkuna na ciki da aka tsara don karnuka.

Duk da cewa kananan hukumomi da kungiyoyin jama'a suna kula da su, wasu rairayin bakin teku suna buƙatar kuɗi don samun dama, yayin da wasu ke cajin musamman don filin ajiye motoci a kusa. Sauran suna da 'yanci gaba ɗaya. Wasu rairayin bakin teku na kare sun zama ɓangarorin da aka kewaye da su na manyan rairayin kan teku na jama'a.

Wasu rairayin bakin teku, duk da ba da izinin kasancewar karnuka masu ɗaurewa, za su tantance tarar idan an gano karnuka ba tare da ɗaure ba; waɗannan ba a sanya su a matsayin rairayin kankara ba.

## Tambayoyi
Yankunan rairayin bakin teku na iya fuskantar barazanar rashin goyon bayan siyasa, kuma ƙalubale kamar samun kuɗi da kulawa na iya haifar da rufe su. Wasu kuma na iya shan wahala daga rashin son saka hannun jari a cikin ingantawa kamar kayan aikin da za a iya samu.

Wasu rairayin bakin teku na kare na iya fallasa karnuka ga ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa daga kasancewar datti da sauran gurɓataccen abu a cikin ruwa, musamman a cikin ƙananan ruwa. Binciken rairayin bakin teku na kare a cikin Monterey County, California, ya gano cewa karnuka sun ba da gudummawa sosai ga gurɓataccen datti a cikin ruwa.

Masu kiyayewa wani lokacin suna adawa da kasancewar karnuka a kan rairayin bakin teku saboda yiwuwar su yi barazana ga nau'in namun daji, gami da tsuntsaye masu rauni. Wasu masu ilimin muhalli sun yi imanin cewa karnuka suna rushe yanayin halittu na ruwa ta hanyoyi masu kai tsaye, kamar ta hanyar watsar da masu cinyewa.

Darajar bakin teku na iya sa ya zama da wahala a tabbatar da sararin da ake buƙata don karɓar bakuncin rairayin bakin teku; alal misali, Los Angeles County, California, mafi yawan jama'a na Amurka, kawai yana ba da rairayin kankara ɗaya.

## Abubuwan more rayuwa
Rosie's Dog Beach, wani shahararren wurin shakatawa a Long Beach, California, yana da wani wurin shakatawa da ke kusa da shi mai suna Monty's Dog beach, wanda ke ba da abinci ga karnuka da mutane da kuma darasi na hanzari.

## Manazarta
Gidan shakatawa na Isaac Hale

Isaac Hale Beach Park wani wurin shakatawa ne na bakin teku a kan Pohoiki Bay a cikin Gundumar Puna na Hawaii'i(island)" id="mwIA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Hawaii (island)">Babban Tsibirin Hawai'i, Hawai'ii, Amurka. An san shi da karfi mai karfi da manyan raƙuman ruwa, bayin ya kasance wani ɓangare na ƙauyen kamun kifi na ƙarni da yawa. Yana daya daga cikin 'yan wurare a kudu maso gabashin gabar Hawai'i don samun damar teku da kaddamar da jirgin ruwa. An san wurin shakatawa da kyau, kodayake fashewar Puna ta 2018 ta rufe mafi yawan murjani da kuma mafi aminci wurin yin iyo tare da yashi baƙi. An faɗaɗa wurin shakatawa kuma an sabunta shi a shekara ta 2006.

Tana a tsakiya na Pohoiki Road da Kalapana-Kapoho Road (Hanyar 137).

An sanya sunan wurin shakatawa don girmama Private Isaac Kepo'okalani Hale . A lokacin Yaƙin Koriya, Hale ya yi aiki a cikin Sojojin Amurka na 19th Infantry Regiment, 24th Infantary Division. An kashe shi a cikin aiki a arewacin 38th parallel a ranar 12 ga Yuli, 1951. Hale sunan mahaifi ne na Hawaiian, ana kiransa HAH-leh .

## 2018 ƙananan fashewar Puna
Ruwan dutse yana gudana daga fashewar Puna na 2018 ya rufe wani ɓangare na bakin tekun wurin shakatawa. Ruwan dutse bai taɓa rufe wurin shakatawa ba, kuma lokacin da fashewar ta fadi a farkon watan Agusta, gaban rufin dutse har yanzu yana da 'yan ƙafa ɗari daga tashar jirgin ruwa. Lava ya sami nasarar rufe wasu benaye da kuma karamin filin wasa a arewacin wurin shakatawa na rairayin bakin teku. Jirgin ruwa, kaddamar da jirgin ruwa da tsohuwar kariya yanzu galibi an binne su a ƙarƙashin sabon rairayin bakin teku wanda ya shimfiɗa tare da Pohoiki Bay kuma yana riƙe da tafkunan ruwa mai zafi mai zafi wanda za'a iya isa daga wurin shakatawa. Tun lokacin fashewar, ana tattaunawa sosai game da maido da damar jirgin ruwa don kamun kifi da ayyukan yawon bude ido waɗanda suka yi amfani da ramuka a baya.

## Manazarta
Cable Beach

**Cable Beach** yana da nisan  (14  na farin yashi a gabashin Tekun Indiya da sunan unguwar da ke kewaye da shi a Broome, Yammacin Australia. An sanya sunan Cable Beach ne bayan kebul na telegraph da aka shimfiɗa tsakanin Broome da Java a cikin 1889. Ƙananan tsaunuka na ja ochre suna tashi a bayan rairayin bakin teku mai faɗi da faɗi, tare da raƙuman ruwa waɗanda galibi suna da taushi a lokacin fari daga Mayu zuwa Oktoba. A shekara ta 2016, yawan jama'a ya kai 5,436.

## Yanayin ƙasa
Gantheaume Point yana cikin iyakar kudancin rairayin bakin teku. Hasumiyar hasken wuta ta Gantheaume Point wuri ne mai kyau don lura da dolphins da whales masu ƙaura a lokacin ƙaura. Hanyoyin Sawun Dinosaur da aka kiyasta a cikin shekaru miliyan 130 suna bayyane a cikin duwatsu a low tide.

Minyirr Park is located adjacent to the southern section of the beach with walking trails that traverse the area behind the red ochre dunes. The park is a coastal reserve that protects the traditional land of the Yawuru people.

## Tsire-tsire da dabbobi
Box jellyfish, wanda aka fi sani da stingers, na iya kasancewa tsakanin Nuwamba da Afrilu  kuma ana buƙatar taka tsantsan lokacin yin iyo a can a wannan lokacin. Ana sanya alamun gargadi a kan rairayin bakin teku kuma masu tsinkaye na iya kasancewa a waje da watanni na yau da kullun.

Har ila yau, an san Irukandji jellyfish da bayyana a wasu lokuta a cikin ruwa a lokacin rigar. A watan Janairun 1989 edition na Broome News ya lura da kwanan nan stinging na hudu bakin teku da jellyfish, wanda ke buƙatar magani a Broome District Hospital. Trevor Fernihough, Babban Jami'in Kiwon Lafiya, ya gargadi masu karatu game da haɗarin jellyfish ya sare su:

: *"Jellyfish kusan a bayyane ne wanda ke sa su da wuya a gani a cikin ruwa. Mafi kyawun kariya ga masu zuwa gabar teku zasu iya ɗaukar su daga cinyewa, shine kawai su kasance daga cikin ruwa. Irukandji sting yana da zafi sosai, musamman ga kananan yara waɗanda zasu iya buƙatar zama a asibiti na kwana biyu zuwa uku yayin da suke murmurewa. "*

Akwai lokuta da ake ganin kada a bakin teku lokaci-lokaci tare da daukar matakan kariya. &#x5B;&#x5D;

## Amfani da Mutum

Cable Beach gida ne ga daya daga cikin shahararrun rairayin bakin teku na Australia. Yankin tufafi na zaɓi yana arewacin hanyar samun damar rairayin bakin teku daga wurin ajiye motoci kuma yana ci gaba zuwa bakin Willie Creek,  km (11  nesa. 

Ana ba da izinin motoci masu motsi huɗu a arewacin duwatsu. Wannan yana bawa mutane damar bincika rairayin bakin teku a lokacin da ruwa ya ragu sosai fiye da yadda zai yiwu a ƙafa.

Ana samun tafiye-tafiye na raƙuma a lokacin fitowar rana da faɗuwar rana.

Garin ya ƙunshi makarantar firamare ta gwamnati, makarantar firamaren Cable Beach .

## Manazarta
Kaimū, Hawaii

**Kaimū** wani karamin gari ne a cikin Gundumar Puna a Tsibirin Hawai'i wanda aka lalata shi gaba ɗaya ta hanyar fashewar dutsen daga Kūpa'ianahā na dutsen Kīlauea a cikin 1990.  A cikin Hawaiian, *kai mū* yana nufin "tattara  teku" don kallon hawan igiyar ruwa. Ruwan da ya lalata Kaimū da Kalapana da ke kusa ya fashe daga yankin kudu maso gabashin Kīlauea.

## Kafin lalacewar dutsen wuta
Kaimū tana kan **Kaimū Bay** . Bayin ya shahara a duniya saboda rairayin bakin teku na baƙar fata wanda ke kewaye da itatuwan dabino masu inuwa. Kaimū ita ce wurin haihuwar shugaban kasar Hawaii Joseph Nāwahī .

## Bayan lalacewar dutsen wuta
Yanzu duka bay da garin an binne su a ƙarƙashin kimanin mita 50 (15  na lava. Wani babban sashi na Hanyar Jiha ta 130 (Kaimu-Chain of Craters Road) an rufe shi da laka. Hanyar tana kan tsaunuka masu sanyaya yanzu, tare da wasu gidaje da aka gina a saman tsaunuka. Har ila yau, akwai New Beach, baƙar fata kamar tsohuwar, inda mazauna yankin da baƙi ke kawo kwakwa da aka shuka kuma suna dasa su don dawo da bishiyoyin da suka ɓace.

## Manazarta
Kalmomin canjin yanayi

Wannan **ƙamus na [[Canjin yanayi]]** jerin ma'anar kalmomi da ra'ayoyin da suka dace da canjin yanayi, dumamar duniya, da batutuwa masu alaƙa.

 

## 0–9
 

## Dubi kuma
 

## B
 

## Manazarta
  

## Haɗin waje
 

## F
 

## G
 

## H
 

## Na
 

## K
 

## L
   

## N
 

## O

## P
 

## R
 

## S
  

## U
 

## V
 

## W
 

## Y
 

## A

* Lissafin labaran canjin yanayi
* Sunayen canjin yanayi
* Kalmomin kimiyyar muhalli
* Kalmomin meteorology
* Ra'ayi na kimiyya game da canjin yanayi
* Jerin lokaci na tarihin muhalli

## C

## E

* The Climate Dictionary: Jagora na yau da kullun game da canjin yanayi ta Shirin Ci gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya
* "Maganar da kuke buƙatar sani don Magana game da Canjin Yanayi A yau", dictionary.com (archive) 
* IPCC,2021: AR6 WGI AnnexVII: Glossary
*  
* Ma'anar Binciken Muhalli - EEA (masu amfani da harsuna da yawa a cikin harsuna 28: ar, bg, cs, da, de, el, en, es, et, eu, fi, fr, hu, is, it, lt, lv, mt, nl, no, pl, pt, ro, ru, sk, sl, sv, tr)
Canjin Yanayi, Kudancin daji, Muhalli da Ma'aikatar namun daji, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Ma'aikatar Canjin Yanayi, Kudancin daji, Muhalli da Kudancin Kudancin hukuma ce ta gwamnati da ke kula da kiyayewa da sarrafa namun daji a lardin Khyber Pakhtunkhwa na Pakistan. An kafa shi a shekarata 1975, sashen yana aiki a karkashin Dokar Kare namun daji, wanda ke ba da kariya ta doka ga namun daji da wuraren zama.

## Duba kuma

* Sashen gandun daji, namun daji da kifi, Punjab

## Manazarta
Dokar Canjin Yanayi

**Dokar Canjin Yanayi** na iya nufin:

* Dokar Tsabtace Makamashi da Tsaro ta Amurka
* Dokar Canjin Yanayi ta shekarar 2008
* Dokar Canjin Yanayi (Thailand) .
La Caleta, Spain

La **Caleta** rairayin bakin teku ne da ke cikin tarihin birnin Cádiz, Spain . Tashar jiragen ruwa ce ta halitta inda Phoenicians, Carthaginians da Romawa suka shiga tarihi. Ita ce mafi ƙanƙanta rairayin bakin teku a cikin birni, kuma an ware ta daga sauran.

## A cikin al'adu
Babban abin jan hankali shine wurin da yake, wurin da ya yi wa mawaƙa da mawaƙa kamar Isaac Albéniz, José María Pemán, Paco Alba, da .[es] Yana gudana a tsakanin manyan gidajen San Sebastián da Santa Catalina kuma a gaban bangaren tattalin arziki da kimiyyar kasuwanci na Campus na Cadiz na jami'ar wannan sunan.

An nuna shi a fina-finai da yawa, kamar 007: Die Another Day, Alatriste da *Manolete* . 

'Yan asalin Cádiz suna la'akari da shi ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da aka fi dacewa da birninsu, kuma suna amfani da shi azaman batun waƙa mai maimaitawa yayin Carnival .

## Biodiversity
Kodayake rairayin bakin teku ne na birni, yana da tsire-tsire da dabbobi masu yawa.

## Manazarta
Hukumar Raya Makamashi ta Ladakh

**Hukumar Raya Makamashi ta Ladakh** (LREDA) wani shiri ne na makamashi mai sabuntawa a Ladakh, yankin tsaunuka na Indiya. An kira shi "mafi girman aikin makamashi mai sabuntawa a duniya".

Duwatsun Himalayan suna da wahala a haɗa yankin Ladakh zuwa babban grid na ƙasa. A tarihi an halicci mafi yawan wutar lantarki ta amfani da janareto na diesel. Koyaya, an kira Ladakh "rufin duniya" tare da hasken rana mai yawa da iska mai tsabta wanda ya sa ya dace da fasahar hasken rana. LREDA an kafa ta ne a cikin 2000 ta Majalisar Ci Gaban Dutsen Ladakh mai cin gashin kanta wacce "ta yi nazari kuma ta shawarci karamar hukuma da ta yi amfani da hasken rana a yankin tsaunuka. "  A cikin 2012, Jigmet Takpa, darektan LREDA ya ce, "Diesel yana da gurɓata sosai kuma farashinsa yana da tsada sosai. " A cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa, duk Ladakh za a samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar hydro, hasken rana ko geothermal. "

LREDA tana da shirye-shirye da yawa ciki har da Ladakh Renewable Energy Initiative Project (LREI), wani shirin ci gaban makamashi mai sabuntawa wanda aka kafa a cikin 2011, wanda ya nemi shigarwa a cikin shekaru uku masu zuwa: "Ayyukan micro-hydro 11 tare da jimlar ƙarfin 11.2 MW, 125 na hasken rana-photovoltaic na iyawa daban-daban, masu dumama na hasken hasken rana don 40% na ginin a Leh, 3000, masu dafa hasken rana 4500 masu bushewar rana, ayyukan gidaje masu amfani da hasken rana da kuma samar da zafi na ƙasa"

A cikin 2013, an ba LREDA lambar yabo ta Renewtech India Excellence Award .  LREDA kuma ta ba da lambar yabo ta UNDP GEF ta 2013, ta tabbatar da matsayi na farko a cikin damar da tsarin dumama ruwan rana a cikin shekara ta 2013.

## Manazarta
Yanayi na gaggawa

Yanayin gaggawa na iya nufin:

* Canjin yanayi da mutum yake  haifarwa
* *[[Matsalar Yanayi|Rikicin yanayi]]*, halayyar canjin yanayi
* Sanarwar gaggawa ta yanayi, sanarwar jama'a game da yanayin gaggawa
Kudin Canjin Yanayi

## Matsayi da manufar
An gabatar da shi a ranar 1 ga Afrilu 2001 a ƙarƙashin Dokar Kuɗi ta 2000, an yi hasashen rage hayakin shekara-shekara da tan miliyan 2.5 nan da 2010, kuma ta zama wani ɓangare na Shirin Canjin Yanayi na Burtaniya. [abubuwan da ake buƙata] Takaddun haraji ya shafi yawancin masu amfani da makamashi, tare da fitattun waɗanda ke cikin cikin gida da sassan sufuri. Ana biyan harajin wutar lantarki daga makamashin nukiliya duk da cewa ba ya haifar da hayaki kai tsaye. Asalin wutar lantarki da aka samar daga sabbin abubuwan sabuntawa da kuma tsarin haɗin gwiwar da aka amince da shi ba a biya su haraji ba, amma kasafin Yuli na 2015 ya cire wannan keɓe daga 1 ga Agusta 2015, yana haɓaka £ 450m / shekara.[1]

## Farashin
Daga lokacin da aka gabatar da shi, an daskare haraji akan 0.43p/kWh akan wutar lantarki, 0.15p/kWh akan kwal da 0.15p/kWh akan gas. [abubuwan da ake bukata]

Ragewa har zuwa 90% daga harajin za a iya samun ta masu amfani da makamashi mai yawa idan sun sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Canjin Yanayi.

An rage kudaden shiga daga harajin ta hanyar rage yawan ma'aikata na 0.3% a cikin Inshorar Kasa. Koyaya, Dokar Kudi ta 2002 daga baya ta kara wannan adadin da 1%, ta juyar da raguwar. Kudin da aka yi amfani da shi don tallafawa wasu shirye-shiryen inganta makamashi kamar The Carbon Trust . Koyaya, an cire sake amfani da kudaden shiga a Binciken Kasuwanci na 2010, tare da kudaden shigar da su zuwa Exchequer. 

A cikin kasafin kudin 2006 an sanar da cewa harajin zai tashi a nan gaba a kowace shekara daidai da hauhawar farashi, farawa daga 1 ga Afrilu 2007.  A cikin kasafin kudin 2018, an ba da sanarwar cewa za a daidaita farashin Canjin Yanayi har zuwa 2022 don yawan iskar gas ya kai kashi 60% na yawan wutar lantarki a cikin 2021 zuwa 2022. 

Farashin ya canza kamar yadda aka tsara a ƙasa.

## Dubi kuma

* Canjin yanayi a Ƙasar Ingila
* Harajin muhalli
* Manufofin makamashi na Ƙasar Ingila
* Makamashi a Ƙasar Ingila
* Sabuntawa Wajibi (United Kingdom) 

## Manazarta

## Ƙarin karantawa

* 
** 
* 

## Haɗin waje

* HMRC - Canjin Yanayi Tattara a zurfiCanjin Yanayi Tattalin Arziki a zurfi
Callantsoog

**Callantsoog** (West Frisian: *Kallantsouge*) ƙauye ne a lardin Dutch na Arewacin Holland . Yana daga cikin garin Shagen, kuma yana da nisan kilomita 18 a kudancin Den Helder . Callantsoog wata karamar hukuma ce daban har zuwa 1990, lokacin da aka hade ta da Zijpe . &nbsp;

## Tarihi
An fara ambata ƙauyen a ƙarshen ƙarni na 11 a matsayin Callinge, kuma yana nufin "tsibiran mutanen Calle (mutum) ". An san tsohuwar ƙauyen a cikin 920, amma an ɓace a cikin teku a cikin 1170. An gina mazaunin na biyu a tsibirin 't Oghe kuma ya kasance har zuwa 1570. Ba da daɗewa ba, an gina ƙauyen na uku da na yanzu a gabas.

A cikin Yaƙin Callantsoog na shekara ta 1799, saukowar sojoji dubu 12 na Burtaniya a kan rairayin bakin teku a arewacin garin ya kaddamar da mamayewar Anglo-Rasha a Holland, kuma ya haifar da tawaye ko mika wuya ga ƙungiyar jiragen yaki na Dutch.

Cocin Dutch Reformed coci ne mai sashi biyu wanda aka gina tsakanin 1580 da 1581 ta amfani da kayan daga cocin da ya ambaliya a baya. Yana da kararrawa tun daga shekara ta 1491. 

Callantsoog ya kasance ga mutane 187 a cikin 1840.  A farkon karni na 20, Callantsoog ya fara bunkasa a matsayin wurin shakatawa na yawon bude ido. A shekara ta 1942, ya zama wani ɓangare na Atlantic Wall . A shekara ta 1943, wani tashar makamai ya fashe inda ya lalata gidaje kusa da teku. Ya kasance gari mai zaman kansa har zuwa 1990 lokacin da aka hade shi da Zijpe . A cikin 2013, ya zama wani ɓangare na garin Shagen . 

Callantsoog yana da tsohuwar rairayin bakin teku ta tsirara a kasar, tun daga 1973. Yankin rairayin bakin teku ne mai nisan kilomita 1.5 (0.93  zuwa kudu.

## Gidan wasan kwaikwayo

Fayil:BibCallantsoog.jpg|Library of Callantsoog
Fayil:Red._(35729514971).jpg|Lighthouse
Fayil:Callantsoog_4.jpg|Beach view
Fayil:Callantsoog_Centrum.jpg|View from the dunes


## Manazarta
Raymond Taavel

**Raymond Taavel** (9 ga Yuni, 1962 - 17 ga Afrilu, 2012)  ya kasance mai fafutukar kare hakkin LGBTQ na Kanada  wanda Andre Noel Denny ya kai hari kuma ya kashe shi a ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 2012  a waje da Menz Bar, Gottingen Street yayin da yake kare wani mutum.  Bayan haka an ba shi lambar yabo ta Sarauniya Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Halifax Regional Municipality (HRM) "na farko da aka buga Pride Week.  Ya yi aiki wajen ɗaga tutar bakan gizo a zauren birnin Halifax.[1] A lokacin rayuwarsa ya kuma tsunduma cikin yunƙurin halatta aure daidai da yancin ɗan adam a cikin Dokar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Nova Scotia.  A cikin 2017, Ma'aikatar Al'adu da Al'adu ta Majalisar Yanki ta Halifax ta zaɓi Taavel a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 30 Nova Scotians daga karni na karshe da rabi da za a yi bikin a cikin nunin Vanguard a Nova Scotia Museum don "sabis da canji a fuskar bambancin. 

## Manazarta
Mercury a cikin syrup na masara

**Kasancewar [[Mercury (element)|mercury]] a cikin syrup na masara** wata gardama ce ta kiwon lafiya wacce ta taso saboda binciken da yawa da suka gano cewa ragowar mercury ne a cikin syrup na masara mai tsami (HFCS) da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin kayayyakin abinci. Wannan yana da mahimmanci saboda yanayin guba na mercury da alaƙar ta da nakasa ta ilmantarwa da cututtukan zuciya. 

**Tarihin bincike**

Nazarin daban-daban guda uku tsakanin 2009-2010 sun sami mercury a cikin babban syrup na masara ko kayan abinci da ke dauke da babban syrup mai na masara.   Babban binciken farko ya jagoranci mai ba da labari na Amurka Food and Drug Administration (FDA), wanda ya fara bincikenta yayin da yake aiki a matsayin Jami'in Lafiya na Muhalli (EHO) a FDA a shekara ta 2004.   Dufault ta bar hukumar don buga bincikenta, wanda aka bayyana a fili shekara guda bayan ta bar FDA. Wani mai binciken filin FDA ya tattara samfurori na masara mai tsayi (HFCS) ba tare da gargadi daga masu gyaran masara daban-daban ba a cikin makon Fabrairu 17-24, 2005.  Daga cikin samfurori ashirin da aka bincika, an sami raguwar mercury a cikin tara kuma an buga sakamakon binciken a cikin mujallar Environmental Health a cikin 2009.

A cikin binciken da David Wallinga ya jagoranta a Cibiyar Aikin Gona da Manufofin Ciniki (IATP) , an bincika abinci hamsin da biyar tare da HFCS da aka jera a matsayin sinadarin farko ko na biyu, don mercury. Daga cikin samfuran hamsin da biyar, an gano mercury a cikin samfurori goma sha bakwai kuma an buga sakamakon a cikin rahoton hukuma a watan Janairun 2009.

Karen Rideout ce ta jagoranci binciken na uku a Cibiyar Haɗin gwiwar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa a Kanada a cikin 2010.  Kungiyar Rideout ta tattara samfuran syrup na ƙasar Kanada guda tara waɗanda ke dauke da HFCS (wanda aka sani da glucose-fructose) a matsayin sinadarin farko ko na biyu daga manyan shagunan kayan masarufi a Vancouver. Dukkanin samfurori da ƙungiyar Rideout ta tattara an bincika su don mercury kuma maida hankali ya kasance daga 0.220 -1.92 ug / l. An sake nazarin sakamakon kuma an buga shi a matsayin sharhi game da labarin da Dufault da abokan aikinta suka buga a cikin Lafiya ta Muhalli a cikin 2010,  shekara guda bayan Ƙungiyar Masu Rarraba Masara ta yi iƙirarin cewa babu matakan da za a iya ƙididdigewa na mercury a cikin manyan wuraren samar da masara da aka ƙera a Amurka da Kanada. 

## Sanannun tushen mercury a cikin high-fructose masara syrup
The presence of mercury in HFCS has been attributed to the use of mercury-grade caustic soda and mercury-grade hydrogen chloride in the corn syrup manufacturing process. Both chemicals are found to contain mercury residues when derived from the mercury-cell chlor-alkali chemical manufacturing process. Another source of the mercury residue in HFCS, however, is the routine application of mercuric chloride (0.01 M) on the corn during the starch extraction process.

## Manazarta
Kudancin Dutsen Rocky

Kudancin Rocky Mountains babban yanki ne na Rocky Mountaines na Arewacin Amurka wanda ke cikin yankin kudu maso gabashin jihar Wyoming ta Amurka, sassan tsakiya da yammacin Colorado, yankin arewacin New Mexico, da kuma sassan gabashin Utah. Kudancin Rocky Mountains kuma an san su da Kudancin Rockies, kuma tun lokacin da mafi girman tsaunuka ke cikin Jihar Colorado, wani lokacin ana kiransu da Colorado Rockies, kodayake yawancin mahimman kewayon da tsaunuka suna tashi a cikin sauran jihohi uku. Kudancin Rockies sun haɗa da tsaunuka mafi girma na Rocky Mountains kuma sun haɗa da dukkan manyan tsaunuka 30 na Rockies.

Kudancin Rocky Mountains gabaɗaya an raba su daga Yammacin Rocky Mounts ta Green River da Colorado River a ƙarƙashin Green River. Kudancin Rockies sun kasu daga Tsakiyar Rocky Mountains ta Kudu Pass a Wyoming da kuma magudanar da ke gudana daga gabas daga wucewa zuwa Kogin Sweetwater da Kogin North Platte; da kuma magadan da ke gudada kudu maso yamma daga wucewa Pacific Creek da Sandy Creek zuwa Kogin Green. Wannan rarrabuwa tsakanin Kudancin Rockies da Tsakiyar Rockies sun samar da mafi ƙasƙanci na yankin Rocky Mountain don tarihin Oregon Trail, Mormon Trail, da California Trail. Yankin kudancin Dutsen Rocky ana ɗaukar su Dutsen Jemez da kudancin Dutsan Sangre de Cristo na New Mexico. Duwatsun da ke kudu da nan a cikin N.M. an rarraba su a matsayin Yankin Arizona / New Mexico Mountains ta amfani da Tsarin Ecoregions na EPA.

Wannan labarin ya bayyana Babban taron koli a matsayin taron koli tare da akalla mita 100 (330 feet) na Shahararren wuri, da kuma babban taron koli kamar taron koli tare tare da akasin haka mita 500 (1,600 feet) na girman wuri. Babban taron koli shine taron koli tare da akalla mita 1,500 (mita 4,900) na shahararren wuri.

Dukkanin tsawo a cikin wannan labarin sun haɗa da gyaran tsawo daga National Geodetic Vertical Datum na 1929 (NGVD 29) zuwa Arewacin Amurka Vertical Datum ya 1988 (NAVD 88). Don ƙarin bayani, don Allah duba wannan bayanin kula na Geodetic na Amurka.

## Tsawon tsaunuka
Tebur mai zuwa ya lissafa tsaunuka da ƙananan tsaunuka na Kudancin Rocky Mountains tare da mafi girman taron.

## Manazarta
Kwalejin Neuroscience don Gine-gine

**The Academy of Neuroscience for Architecture** (ANFA) kungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce manufarta ita ce ingantawa da inganta ilimin da ke haɗa binciken kimiyyar kwakwalwa zuwa karuwar fahimtar martani na ɗan adam ga yanayin da aka gina.

## Tarihi
An kafa Kwalejin Neuroscience for Architecture a cikin 2003 ta San Diego Chapter na Cibiyar Nazarin Gine-gine ta Amurka (AIA).  An kafa kwamitin daraktoci kuma an zabi kwamitin zartarwa ciki har da John Paul Eberhard, shugaban farko na ANFA. A lokacin jariri, daga shekara ta 2003 zuwa shekara ta 2005, Kwalejin Neuroscience for Architecture ta sami tallafi a wani bangare ta hanyar LaTrobe Fellowship wanda Kwalejin Fellows ta AIA ta bayar. Yin amfani da wannan kuɗin, Shugaba Eberhard ya gudanar da bincike mai dacewa da aikin ANFA 

## Ayyuka
Tun lokacin da aka kafa shi, Kwalejin Neuroscience for Architecture, da kuma ilimin da ke haɗa kimiyyar kwakwalwa da gine-gine, sun girma sosai. An lura da aikin ANFA a cikin wallafe-wallafe da watsa shirye-shirye da yawa ciki har da: AIArchitect,  A & E Perspectives,  Architectural Record,  *BrainWork,*  *Cerebrum,*   Engineering News Record,  Inside Knowledge, [5] The International Interior Design Association's Perspective, [5] The National Institute of Building Sciences' Whole Building Design Guide, [4] National Public Radio's Science Jumma' [5] da Washington Business Journal [4] da sauransu.

A halin yanzu, kwamitin daraktocin ANFA ya kunshi sanannun masana kimiyyar kwakwalwa da gine-gine 17 daga ko'ina cikin Amurka.   ANFA tana ƙoƙari ta inganta hadin gwiwa tsakanin masana kimiyyar kwakwalwa da gine-gine don bincika, ta hanyar hanyoyin kimiyya, kewayon abubuwan da suka faru na ɗan adam tare da abubuwan gine-gine, don tsarawa da tabbatar da bayanan da suka fito daga wannan haɗin gwiwa da kuma yada shi ga masu sana'a masu tasowa, da ɗalibai. Mambobin Kwamitin Daraktoci suna yada wayar da kan jama'a game da haɗuwa da waɗannan fannoni ta hanyar hanyoyi da yawa ciki har da: laccoci,    wallafe-wallafen,    bita, da koyar da darussan matakin kwaleji. Cibiyar Nazarin Neuroscience don Gine-gine tana tallafawa kokarin masu bincike da yawa, waɗanda karatunsu ya dace da aikin ANFA.

## Dubi kuma

* Birni mai hankali

## Manazarta
Babban gandun dajin Wambabya

**Babban gandun daji na Wambabya** yana cikin gundumar Hoima da gundumar Kikuube a Yammacin Uganda kusa da iyakar arewa maso gabas na Babban Dajin Bugoma. An shata shi a shekara ta 1932. Hukumar kula da gandun daji ta kasa (NFA) ce ke sarrafa ta. Ya ƙunshi yanki na 3,429 ha (13.24 sq mi).

## Dabbobin daji
Wannan gandun daji gida ne ga nau'ikan nau'ikan da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da chimpanzees,  amphibians daji (Golden Puddle Frog da Kivu Clawed Frog), jemagu (Duke na Abruzzi's, azurfa da jemagu masu kyauta na Mongalia), nau'in tsire-tsire (bishiyoyin Mutuba) da tsuntsaye (Tinkerbird mai launin rawaya).

## Matsayin kiyayewa
A shekara ta 2008, ma’aikatan hukumar kula da gandun daji ta kasa (NFA) sun dasa itatuwa a dajin Wambabya a kan hekta 2,000 (kadada 4,900) na fili wanda ayyukan mutane suka mamaye. A cikin 2011, fiye da 260 masu shiga tsakani inda aka ba su wata guda don su bar gandun daji.

Wasu daga cikin ayyukan da mutane ke yi a wannan yanki da ke damun dajin sun hada da kona gawayi, saren daji, farauta, sare dazuka da noma kamar shinkafa da noman taba.

A cikin 2021, Ƙungiyar Kula da Dajin Wambaya ta sami tallafi na UGX biliyan 1.3 daga Hukumar Raya Ƙasa ta Ostiraliya don aiwatar da wani aikin da aka yi wa lakabi da "Green Lug Forestry Restoration" da nufin rage rikice-rikice tsakanin namun daji da mutane. Aikin ya shafi gidaje 3,000 a gundumomin Kikuube da Hoima kuma wadanda suka ci gajiyar shirin sun karbi dashen itatuwa da ingantattun iri na wake da nonon ayaba da masara da kudan zuma da awaki.

An gina wata tashar samar da wutar lantarki a kogin Wambabya da ke karamar hukumar Buseruka amma zubar ruwan kogin saboda ayyukan dan Adam ya kawo cikas ga samar da wutar lantarki.

Hukumar kula da wutar lantarki ta hada hannu da hukumar kula da gandun daji ta kasar Uganda domin dasa itatuwa a wannan gandun dajin.

## Rigingimu
Ginin bututun danyen mai mai nisan kilomita 1,443 (897 mi) na gabashin Afirka (EACOP) ya fuskanci turjiya daga masu fafutukar yanayi da masu kare muhalli wanda ya kamata ya samo asali daga wurin shakatawa na masana'antu na Kabaale da ke Hoima wanda ya ratsa ta Wambabya, Bugoma da Taala Central Forest Reserve da sauran wurare a Uganda zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa Tanga a Tanzaniya. Wannan ya sa bankunan kasa da kasa irin su HSBC, BNP Paribas da masu inshora irin su Allianz Group mai insurer ba su mayar da bututun kudi ba. Kamfanonin mai na kasar Sin (CNOOC), Total Exploration and Production (TotalEnergies), Kamfanin Mai na Uganda da kuma hadin gwiwar raya albarkatun man Tanzaniya suna ci gaba da aiki kan bututun mai har sai an fara jigilar danyen mai a shekarar 2025. Sama da gidaje 14,000 ne za su yi gudun hijira a kasashen Uganda da Tanzania.

Shirin ba da agajin zubewar mai na kasa da aka kaddamar kuma ya nuna yadda Uganda ta ke shirin tunkarar malalar mai, hanyoyin mayar da martani ga malalar mai, tasirin malalar mai, matakin matakin mayar da martani, sarrafa shara da sauran abubuwa. Gwamnatin Yaren mutanen Norway da hukumar kula da bakin teku ta Norway sun taimaka wajen samar da Tsarin Tsare Tsare Tsare-Tsare na Ƙasa.

## Manazarta
Hakkin Sanarwa

**Hakkin Sanin aiki** ne na tallafi ba tare ba riba ba ga waɗanda suka gano ta hanyar Gwajin kwayar halitta cewa zuriyarsu ba abin da suka ɗauka ba ne saboda asirin iyali da iyayen da ba daidai ba, don haka suna tayar da batutuwan rayuwa na tallafi, kabilanci, al'adu, fyade, da dai sauransu.

## Dubi kuma

* Halin asali
* Gwajin kwayar halitta

## Haɗin waje

* Hakkin Sanin - Yanayin Jininka

## Manazarta
Hakkokin dan Adam masu mahimmanci

**Hakki masu mahimmanci** sune hakkokin ɗan adam na asali waɗanda mutane ke da su a cikin al'umma mai tsari kuma sun haɗa da hakkoki da aka ba su ta hanyar doka ta halitta da kuma dokoki masu mahimmanci.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
Hakki mai mahimmanci ya haɗa da haƙƙin kasancewa ɗan adam (rayuwa, 'yanci, farin ciki), maimakon haƙƙin hanyar aiwatar da wannan haƙƙin, wanda doka ta bayyana. Misali daya na hakki mai mahimmanci shine daidaito mai mahimmanci. Daidaitaccen daidaito ya shafi dai-daito na sakamako ga dukkan ƙananan rukuni a cikin al'umma gami da marasa galihu da kungiyoyi masu warewa.   Hakki masu mahimmanci sun bambanta da haƙƙin tsari, waɗanda kawai ka'idojin doka ne waɗanda kawai ke ba da umarnin yadda ya kamata a aiwatar da doka, maimakon bayyana sakamakon doka. Misali daya na haƙƙin tsari shine daidaito na dama.

Hakkin da aka bayar a cikin al'umma ba na duniya ba ne kuma yana canzawa a tsawon lokaci,  wanda kuma ake kira hauhawar haƙƙin ɗan adam. Sau da yawa haƙƙin ɗan adam suna da alaƙa da fassarar yammacin haƙƙin da al'adun Yahudanci-Kirista da / ko Haskakawa.

## Dubi kuma

* Dimokuradiyya mai mahimmanci

## Manazarta
Suna nan

Ana yawan nufin:suna nan

* Are (ɗaya), yanki ɗaya daidai da 100 m2

**ARE**, ARE ko **Åre** na iya nufin:sunanan

## Wuraren da aka yi

* Åre, wani yanki a Sweden
* Garin Åre, wani gari ne a Sweden 
** Gidan shakatawa na Åre a Sweden
* Are Parish, wani gari a cikin Pärnu County, Estonia Are, Estonia, wani karamin gari a cikin Are Parish
** Are, Estonia, wani karamin gari a Are Parish
* Are-Gymnasium, makarantar sakandare a Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler
* Are, Saare County, ƙauye a cikin Pöide Parish, Saare District, Estonia
* Jamhuriyar Larabawa ta Masar
* Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa (ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 lambar ƙasa ARE) 

## Kimiyya, fasaha, da lissafi

* Suna (tsuntsu), nau'in asu
* Cibiyar Bincike ta Admiralty, wanda ya kasance mai gabatarwa ga Hukumar Bincike na Tsaro ta Burtaniya
* Gwajin Jirgin Sama, shirin soja na Amurka a cikin shekarun 1950
* Algebraic Riccati lissafi, a cikin ka'idar sarrafawa
* Asymptotic dangi inganci, a cikin kididdiga
* Abubuwan da ke da wadataccen AU, a cikin kwayoyin halitta

## Ƙungiyoyin

* Cibiyar Bincike ta Admiralty, wanda ya kasance mai gabatarwa ga Hukumar Bincike na Tsaro ta Burtaniya
* Ƙungiyar Bincike da Haskakawa, ƙungiyar da aka sadaukar da ita ga ɗan asalin Amurka mai suna Edgar Cayce
* Abokin hulɗa na Royal Society of Painter-Printmakers, a Burtaniya
* AIRES, kamfanin Jirgin sama na Colombia (ICAO code ARE) 

## Sauran amfani

* su ne, wani nau'i na aikatau na Turanci "to be"
* Shin, sunan lura, duba Hannun jagora
* Are (sunan mahaifi), sunan mahaifi da aka rubuta a tarihin kasar Sin
* Dirk van Are, bishop da kuma ubangijin Utrecht a karni na 13
* Harsuna ne, rukuni na yarukan Are-Taupota Harsuna ce, yare ne daga Papua New Guinea
** Harshen ne, harshe ne daga Papua New Guinea
* ARE Weapons, ƙungiyar daga Birnin New York, an kafa ta a cikin 1999
* Jarabawar Rijistar Gine-gine, jarrabawar lasisi ta ƙwararru a Amurka
* Hieda no Are, mutumin Jafananci wanda ya taimaka wajen tattara Koijiki

## Dubi kuma

* Ar (rashin fahimta)
* ARR (disambiguation) 
* Arre (disambiguation) 
* R (rashin fahimta)
Rupert and the Ice Castle

Rupert da Ice Castle wasa ne na bidiyo wanda Taskset ya haɓaka kuma Bug-Byte ya buga shi a cikin 1986. An sake shi don Commodore 64 da ZX Spectrum. Wasan ya dogara ne akan Rupert Bear, wani zane-zane na Burtaniya da kuma wasan kwaikwayo wanda mai zane Mary Tourtel ya kirkira a shekarar 1920.

A cikin wannan dandalin wasan kwaikwayo mai kunnawa yana ɗaukar matsayin Rupert Bear. Abokan Rupert Bingo, Edward Trunk, Algy da Bill Badger duk an daskare su da Jack Frost (ɗaya daga cikin halayen labarin) muguwar 'yar'uwa, Jenny, yayin da suke ziyartar Jack a Ice Castle.

## Wasanni
Rupert yana da magungunan kankara masu yawa waɗanda za su farfado da abokansa. Dole ne ya sami kuma ya ba kowannensu kwayar cutar kankara don ya mayar da su garinsu Nutwood, amma Jenny ta sanya wasu tarkon ga Rupert. Kowace lokacin da wani abin wasa ya buge Rupert zai rasa kwayar cutar kankara daya. Idan ya bar shi ba tare da kwayoyi ba sai ya zama daskarewa da kansa.

Akwai matakai uku na wasa kuma kowane yanayi a cikin waɗannan matakan yana gabatar da Rupert da matsaloli daban-daban. A mataki na uku Rupert zai sami tufafi masu dumi da aka warwatsa a kusa da Ice Castle, wanda zai taimaka masa ya ci gaba da dumi yayin da yake neman abokansa. Halin na iya gudu, tsalle, duck don kauce wa dusar ƙanƙara da zamewa tare da kankara.

## Manazarta

* Rupert da Ice Castle: zzap64.co.uk

## Haɗin waje

* Rupert and the Ice Castlea cikin SpectrumComputing.co.uk
* Rupert and the Ice Castlea Lemon 64
Rashin rairayin bakin teku

tafkin rairayin bakin teku, wanda aka fi sani da **Paleo-beach**, **burbushin burbushin halittu** ko rairayin rairayin kankara,  tsohuwar rairayin teku ce ko rairayar bakin teku da aka adana a cikin burbushin halitta saboda canji a matakin ruwa ko matakin teku, ko kuma saboda canjiyar tsawo.  Sau da yawa yana nan a matsayin laka ko terrace, tare da burbushin da suka shafi rairayin bakin teku da siffofi, sama da bakin teku na yanzu.

## Dalilan da suka haifar
An halicci iyakar bakin teku da ke da alaƙa da matakin teku saboda manyan dalilai guda uku: motsi na tectonic wanda ke haifar da canje-canje a cikin tsawo na ƙasa, ɗagawa da warping saboda sauke ƙanƙara da ruwan teku a lokacin deglaciation, da saukowar matakan teku a lokacin glaciations. Sakamakon da wadannan dalilai uku suka haifar sau da yawa ana haɗa su, wanda ke rikitar da fassarar tsoffin bakin teku, da kuma kimantawa na tsoffin matakan teku a lokacin Quaternary.

## Wurin da bincike
A Amurka, ana iya gano rairayin bakin teku na burbushin halittu inda ake samun dutse mai laushi ko aikin hakar ma'adinai. Misali, Miami tana da rairayin bakin teku masu yawa waɗanda aka fallasa ta hanyar hakar dutse. Wani sanannen misali shine gadajen Pinecrest - wani dutse mai dauke da burbushin da aka samo a kudancin birnin wanda shine wani bangare na tsarin ilimin ƙasa mafi girma - Tsarin Tamiami. Tsibirin Portland, sanannen Dutsen Portland yana da misalai da yawa a bakin tekun.

Binciken rairayin bakin teku a duk duniya yana da mahimmanci musamman lokacin da masana kimiyya ke ƙoƙarin tantance matsayin tsoffin rairayin kan teku, wanda zai iya taimakawa wajen fahimtar yadda matakan teku zasu iya tashi a cikin duniya mai dumi, musamman a cikin yanayin Canjin yanayi na duniya.

## Manazarta
Taswirar hanyar hydrogen ta kasa

The National Hydrogen Energy Road Map (NHERM) wani shiri ne a Indiya wanda Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Hydrogen ta Kasa (NHEB) ta fara a 2003 kuma ta amince da ita a 2006 don magance gibin fasaha a fannoni daban-daban na makamashi na hydrogen, gami da samarwa, ajiya, sufuri da isar da shi, aikace-aikace, aminci, lambobin da ka'idoji da haɓaka damar har zuwa 2020   Shirin yana karkashin jagorancin Ma'aikatar Sabon Makamashi da Sabuntawa (MNRE). 

Shirin yana da niyyar rage dogaro da Indiya kan shigo da kayayyakin man fetur, inganta amfani da sabbin hanyoyin samar da makamashi daban-daban, na cikin gida, da kuma masu dorewa; don samar da wutar lantarki ga yankuna masu nisa, yankunan karkara da sauran wuraren da ba su da wutar lantarki da kuma inganta amfani da hydrogen a matsayin man fetur da samar da makamai; don rage yawan dogaro da ingancin samar da wutar電; don samarwa da wutar lantarki 1000 MW ta amfani da sel din mai ta hanyar 2020 da motoci Miliyan 1 da ke gudana akan Injjoji masu amfani da Injjojin IC da man fetur.

 

## Manazarta
Kogin Kehena

Kehena Beach wani bakin rairayin bakin teku ne wanda ke gabashin tsibirin Hawaii, a cikin gundumar Puna . Dolphins masu juyawa suna yawan zuwa ruwa; a sakamakon haka, an kuma san rairayin bakin teku da Dolphin Beach . 

## Kafawa
An kafa rairayin bakin teku a cikin kwararar dutse ta 1955. Akwai ma'anar duwatsu a gefe ɗaya na rairayin bakin teku wanda ke nuna inda kwararar ta ƙare.

## Tsirara
Kehena Beach an jera shi a shafukan yanar gizo da yawa da littattafan jagora a matsayin zaɓi na tufafi. Kodayake an rubuta tsirara a bakin rairayin bakin teku, rairayin rairayin kan rairayin mallaka ba doka ba ne a Hawaii kuma jami'ai sun rubuta ambaton tsirara.

## Manazarta
Hukumar Tattalin Arziki ta Net Zero

**Hukumar Tattalin Arziki ta Net Zero** (NZEA, wacce a baya aka fi sani da Hukumar Tattarin Arziki ta net Zero) hukuma ce ta gwamnatin Australiya da ke da alhakin samar da hadin kai game da sauye-sauyen Australiya zuwa fitar da iska.

## Tarihi
Kafin a kafa NZEA, Ostiraliya tana da shimfidar wuri na tallafin saka hannun jari daban-daban ciki har da Clean Energy Finance Corporation, Australian Renewable Energy Agency, National Reconstruction Fund, da Powering the Regions Fund, amma ba ta da wata kungiya wacce ta tsara wannan aikin.

A lokacin da aka zartar da dokar don kafa ikon, Dokar Net Zero Economy Authority 2024, akwai akalla tashoshin wutar lantarki 5 da ke amfani da gawayi da tashoshin samar da iskar gas 4 da aka shirya don rufewa.

## Ayyuka
Hukumar za ta gano damar da ta shafi cimma burin ci gaba da daidaitawa tare da al'ummomi, gwamnatocin jihohi da yankuna, kananan hukumomi, hukumomin yanki, kungiyoyin kwadago, masana'antu, masu saka hannun jari da kungiyoyin First Nations.

NZEA tana da alhakin kula da Shirin Ayyukan Masana'antar Makamashi, wanda ke taimaka wa ma'aikatan da ke fama da rufe tashoshin wutar lantarki da ke amfani da kwal da gas.

## Karɓar baƙi
Kungiyar ta yi alkawarin soke ikon idan sun lashe Zaben tarayya na Australiya na 2025.  Kungiyar Karamar Hukumar Queensland ta ba da shawarar cewa karamar hukuma ya kamata ta sami takamaiman wurin zama a kan kwamitin NZEA, amma suna goyon bayan kafa jikin da ake kafawa.

Majalisar Kwadago ta Australiya ta goyi bayan kafa NZEA sosai. Adam Morton, a rubuce a cikin Guardian, ya bayyana ikon a matsayin "mai mahimmanci" dangane da yiwuwar rushewar zamantakewa saboda decarbonisation.

## Manazarta
NNFCC

**NNFCC** kamfani ne mai ba da shawara wanda ke ƙwarewa a cikin bioenergy, biofuels da samfuran bio-based.

## Tarihi
Gwamnatin Burtaniya ce ta kafa shi a shekara ta 2003 a matsayin Cibiyar Kula da Amfanin Gida ta Kasa (NNFCC) don taimakawa wajen fadada amfani da amfanin gona ba tare da abinci ba,  NNFCC yanzu mai ba da shawara ne na kasa da kasa wanda ke ba da shawara game da sauya biomass zuwa bioenergy, biofuels da kayayyakin bio-based.

Kamfanin yana cikin BioCentre a kan York Science Park kuma Larry Whitty, Baron Whitty ne ya buɗe shi a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2003. Manajan Darakta na yanzu shine Dokta Adrian Higson .

## Bayanan kamfanin
NNFCC ta ƙware wajen samar da bayanai da ilimi game da samar da biomass, amfani da shi a aikace-aikacen masana'antu da kuma makomar kayan aiki a ƙarshen rayuwarsu.

NNFCC tana aiki a bangarori daban-daban guda biyar:

* Abinci
* Bioenergy
* Kayan shafawa
* Kayayyakin da suka danganci kwayoyin halitta
* Biorefining

Kamfanin yana ba da shawara ga ƙungiyoyi masu yawa, gami da British Airways, Ineos, BASF, Braskem da NatureWorks. NNFCC kuma tana karɓar kuɗi kuma tana da haɗin kai ga Ma'aikatar Makamashi da Canjin Yanayi ta Gwamnatin Burtaniya.

Baya ga ba da shawara da NNFCC ta bayar, kamfanin ya kuma biya membobin kasuwanci da mutane.

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Shafin farko na NNFCC
* Tushen hukuma don Bayani game da AD da Biogas
* Labarin BBC: Makomar biofuels
* Labarin Daily Telegraph: Motocin da ke amfani da sharar gida 'a cikin shekaru biyu'
* Labarin Guardian: Wata rana, za a gina dukkan gidaje ta wannan hanyar