Ferdinand Duviard

**Ferdinand Jean Marie Valentin Duviard** (11 Yuni 1889 - 2 Fabrairu 1965) malamin makarantar sakandare ne na Faransa a Kahors, marubuci kuma marubuci. Ya zama Esperantist a cikin 1905, ya rubuta don wallafe-wallafe da yawa kuma yana aiki a cikin kungiyoyin matasa na Esperanto. Tare da Charles Pichon (an haife shi a shekara ta 1893) ya kafa Francan Federacion de Junaj Esperantistoj (Faransa Federation of Young Esperantists).

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Ferdinand Duviard a Fontenay-sous-Bois, Val-de-Marne . Iyayensa sune Auguste Emile Duviard (1859-1949) da Valentine Clotilde Fabre (1858-1942), 'yar marubucin Ferdinand Fabre (1827-1898). Ya koyi Esperanto yana da shekaru 16 a cikin 1905, shekarar farko ta Majalisar Esperanto ta Duniya a Boulogne-sur-Mer . Duviard ya shirya mujallar *Yunico* ("Matasa") a lokacin 1909 da 1910, kuma ya kasance memba na *Lingva Komitato,* kwamitin jagora na harshen Esperanto, har zuwa jim kadan bayan ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na I.

A shekara ta 1910 ya auri matarsa ta farko, Elisabeth Antoinette Adam (1883-1965), wanda ya haifi 'ya'ya maza biyu, Pierre (1911-2001) da Jacques (1915-2000), da kuma 'yar, Hélène (1912-2008). Ferdinand, Elisabeth da 'ya'yansu uku sun rayu har zuwa Nuwamba 1915 a kan rue Molière a La Roche-sur-Yon, kafin su zauna a yankin Paris na Coulommiers .  Marubucin Dominique Duviard (1940-1983), jikan Ferdinand Duviard ne; ya ba da gudummawa ga gabatarwar zamani na littafin Ferdinand Les Cotillons barrés .*Cotillons da aka yi wa ado*

## Esperanto da Yaƙin Duniya na I
Ferdinand Duviard ya kasance mai shiga cikin rajista a taron na goma na Esperanto na Duniya na 1914 a Paris . Nasarar wannan taron - wanda Carlo Bourlet ya shirya da kyau, kuma wanda ke da masu rajista na Esperanto 3,759 daga kasashe 50 - zai yi tasiri sosai. An soke taron ne saboda an ayyana yakin ne a ranar 2 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1914, ranar da za a fara taron Esperanto a Fadar Gaumont. 

A lokacin *Yuni,* duniya na farko, Esperantists sun ba da gudummawa sosai ga neman sojoji da suka ɓace a cikin aiki da fursunonin yaki. A cikin fitowar Janairu-Maris 1916 na Juneco, wata kasida mai taken "The French Press" ta ce: "Mun sami a cikin jaridu, wanda muke ba da sunaye a ƙasa, sakonnin manema labarai game da Esperanto da kuma ayyuka daban-daban da Esperantists suka bayar tun lokacin da yaƙin ya fara. Muna godiya da gaske ga jaridu da aka ambata, da kuma abokan Esperantist waɗanda suka gabatar da waɗannan abubuwa"

A shekara ta 1927 Duviard ya sami Doctorat ès Lettres daga Jami'ar Aix-Marseille; jigonsa na rubutun shi ne Honoré de Balzac .  Ya ƙaddamar da aiki mai amfani na rubuce-rubuce da sukar wallafe-wallafen tare da littafi game da kakan mahaifiyarsa, marubucin littafin Ferdinand Fabre, wanda bayanin rayuwar addini Pierre Ouvrard ya kwatanta da na Emile Zola.

Duviard ya rubuta labarai da yawa kuma ya damu sosai game da taimaka wa matasa. Tare da ɗan jarida Charles Pichon, na Saumur, ya kafa Tarayyar Matasan Esperantists ta Faransa. Sunansa ya bayyana a cikin *Enciklopedio na Esperanto* da aka buga a Budapest a 1933.

Ferdinand Duviard ya mutu a La Roche-sur-Yon, Vendée, Pays de la Loire . An binne shi a makabartar Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie a Vendée . An sanya wa titin Chemin Ferdinand Duviard a La Roche-sur-Yon suna don girmama shi.