Benno C. Schmidt Jr.

**Benno Charles Schmidt Jr.** (Maris 20, 1942 - Yuli 9, 2023) ya kasance masanin kimiyya da kuma jami'in ilimi na Amurka. Daga 1986 zuwa 1992, ya kasance shugaban Jami'ar Yale na 20. Kafin, Schmidt ya kasance Dean na Columbia Law School, Harlan Fiske Stone, farfesa na dokar tsarin mulki, kuma daga baya a matsayin shugaban Edison Schools (yanzu EdisonLearning). Daga karshe ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Avenues: The World School,  makarantar K-12 mai zaman kanta, kuma a matsayin shugaban Kwamitin Amintattun Jami'ar Birnin New York (CUNY) daga 2003 zuwa 2016. 

Wani sanannen masanin Kwaskwarimar Farko, tarihin Kotun Koli ta Amurka, da tarihin Dangantakar launin fata a cikin dokar Amurka, Schmidt ya yi aiki da Earl Warren, Babban Alkalin Kotun Koli ta Amurka. A shekara ta 1998, an nada Schmidt a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar aiki da magajin garin New York City Rudolph Giuliani ya kafa don kimanta batutuwan tsarin a CUNY ta hanyar umarnin zartarwa. Bayan hidima ta dogon lokaci ga kwamitin amintattu na CUNY, Gwamnan Jihar New York Andrew Cuomo ya maye gurbin Schmidt a watan Yunin 2016, shugaban lokacin, tare da sabon kujera, Bill Thompson, bayan wani rahoto na wucin gadi da aka bayar, a cikin binciken da ke gudana, wanda Ofishin Sufeto Janar na Jihar Nework ya fitar ya gano matsaloli da yawa na tsarin, wanda ya haifar da rashin kulawa na CUNJ wanda ya haifar leken kudi da cin zarafi a cikin tsarin CUNY.

## Rayuwa ta farko da aiki
An haifi Schmidt a New York, New York, a ranar 20 ga Maris, 1942. [1] Mahaifinsa, Benno C. Schmidt, Sr., ya kasance aboki na dogon lokaci kuma abokin John "Jock" Hay Whitney . A shekara ta 1946, Whitney da dattijo Schmidt sun fara abin da zai zama kamfani na farko a Amurka, J.H. Whitney & Co.[2] Mahaifiyarsa, Martha (Chastain) Schmidt, mai kula da gida ce, wacce ta sake yin aure kuma ta ɗauki sunan mahaifiyar Orgain

Schmidt Jr. ya halarci Makarantar St. Bernard, Kwalejin Phillips Exeter, da Jami'ar Yale. Bayan kammala karatunsa na farko a tarihi, a 1963, Schmidt ya halarci Makarantar Shari'a ta Yale. Bayan kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1966, ya zama magatakarda na shari'a ga Babban Alkalin Amurka Earl Warren, sannan ya yi aiki na shekaru biyu a Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Amurka, kafin ya shiga Makarantar Shari'a da ke Columbia a matsayin memba. Kwarewarsa a matsayin masanin shari'a ya haɗa da Kwaskwarimar Farko ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka, tarihin Dangantakar launin fata a cikin dokar Amurka, da tarihin Kotun Koli ta Amurka. 

Schmidt ya sami Matsayi a Columbia a 1973, yana da shekaru 29, kuma an ba shi suna Harlan Fiske Stone Farfesa na Dokar Tsarin Mulki a 1982. An nada Schmidt a matsayin Dean na makarantar shari'a a shekarar 1984, inda ya yi aiki har zuwa 1986, kafin ya karbi tayin zama Shugaban Jami'ar Yale, wanda ya gaji A. Bartlett Giamatti, wanda ya yi murabus don zama shugaban kungiyar kwallon kwando ta kasa.

## Jami'ar Yale
Schmidt ya kasance shugaban Jami'ar Yale daga 1986 zuwa 1992. A cikin ilimi, ya kafa sabbin shirye-shirye masu nasara da yawa, amma yunkurinsa na rage baiwa ya haifar da gardama. Ya yi tsammanin bukatar gyara kayan aikin jami'ar, wanda ya fada cikin lalacewa, amma ba a gudanar da gyare-gyare ba har sai zuwan magajin Schmidt Rick Levin. Mafi ban sha'awa, Schmidt ya tara sama da dala biliyan ga Yale,  kyauta mai saurin girma fiye da kowane jami'a. 

A karkashin jagorancin Schmidt, Yale ta kafa shirin Ethics, Politics and Economics (EP&E),  wanda aka tsara shi a kan shirin PP&E na Jami'ar Oxford, da kuma shirye-shiryen hadin gwiwa da yawa, gami da kimiyyar muhalli, ilmin halitta, da nazarin kasa da kasa.  Schmidt ya yi tambaya game da ingancin wasu shirye-shiryen ilimi, kodayake shawararsa ta rage ikon da kashi 11 cikin dari ba a karɓa da kyau ba.

## Makarantun Edison
Daga 1992 zuwa 1997, Schmidt ya yi aiki a matsayin babban jami'in zartarwa na Edison Schools, wani kamfani na riba, daga baya aka sake masa suna EdisonLearning, kamfani na kasuwanci. Kungiyar tana gudanar da makarantun gwamnati a gundumomi da yawa Ya kasance Shugaban damuwa daga 1992 zuwa 1997 kuma Babban Jami'in Ilimi daga 1998 zuwa 1999. Daga 1997 zuwa 2007, Schmidt ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Edison kuma daga baya ya zama darektan a kan kwamitin.

## Manazarta