open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Merida n'Ait Atik

**Mririda n'Ait Atik** (in Amazigh : *Mririda n Ayt Atiq* ) (  ) mawaƙiyace   na Shilha Berber na Moroko tana rubutu a cikin Tashelhit. An haife ta a Megdaz dake cikin kwarin Tassaout. An sanya waƙoƙinta a takarda kuma an fassara su zuwa Faransanci a cikin shekara 1930s ta René Euloge. Euloge ma'aikacin faransa ne wanda ke zaune a Asila tun shekara 1927.

Ba a san komai game da rayuwarta ba. An haife ta a ƙauyen Megdaz, dake cikin kwarin Tassaout, Mririda ta yi aure tun tana ƙarama, amma ba da daɗewa ba ta gudu daga rayuwarta na rashin jin daɗi a gida ta zama mawaƙiyar mawaƙa baka kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo. Ta zaga kasuwa zuwa kasuwa, tana ingantawa tare da gabatar da wakokinta, wadanda ta yi a Tashelhit.

Mririda was the pen name she used on stage, and her real name is unknown. She was illiterate and never committed her poems to paper. Her poetry dealt with tabu topics at the time (particularly coming from a woman poet), such as divorce, household problems, and unrequited love.

A cikin shekarun 1940, an ce ta kasance mai ladabi a souk (kasuwa) a Azilal, kuma ta yi suna a kan wakokin da ta rera wa mazajen da suka ziyarci gidanta. A ƙarshen WWII, Mririda ya ɓace. Babu wanda ya san yaushe ko inda ta mutu. 

## Littattafai

### Tarin wakoki

* *Les Chants de la Tassaout de Mririda N'aït Attik* shekara (1959, tr. Rene Euloge)
* *Waƙoƙin Mririda* na Mririda n'Ait Attik shekara (1974, fassarar Euloge a cikin Faransanci ta Daniel Halpern da Paula Paley)
* *Tassawt Voices*, na Mririda n-Ayt Attiq da René Euloge shekara (2001, wanda Michael Peyron ya fassara daga Euloge's version cikin Faransanci) 

### Anthologies

* *Bending the Bow: an anthology of African love poetry*, ed. Frank M. Chipasula (2009)
** Mririda N’Ait Atiq: The Brooch (poem)
* *The Penguin Book of Women Poets*, ed. Carol Cosman, Joan Keefe, and Kathleen Weaver (1978)
** Mririda N’Ait Atiq: God hasn't made room (poem)

## Littafi Mai Tsarki

* *Les Chants de la Tassaout de Mririda N'aït Attik*, trad. René Euloge, bugun Maroc, shekara 1972
* Haddad, Lahcen. "Sanya Sarakunan gargajiya da al'adar baka: Mririda N'Ait Attik ko Dabarun Subaltern na Gendered na Daidaitawa da Rushewa", a cikin: *Le Discours sur la Femme* Ed. Fouzia Ghissassi, Rabat: Publications de la Faculté des Lettres et des Sciences Humaines, n° 65.
* *Tassawt Voices*, na Mririda n-Ayt Attiq da René Euloge, wanda Michael Peyron ya fassara, AUI Press, Ifrane shekara2008

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Rubutu cikin Faransanci da hoton n'Ait Atik http://www.lespoetes.reunis.fr/forum/index.php?showtopic=1946&mode=threaded 
* Hayet Ayad ya rera http://www.hayet-ayad.com/audio/tassaout02.htm 

## Nassoshi
Adrien Tameze

**Adrien Tameze** Adrien Fidele Tameze Aoutsa an haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Fabrairu a shekarar 1994 ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na ƙungiyar kwallon kafar Torino Serie A na Italiya.

An haife shi a Faransa ga iyayen Kamaru, Tameze ya wakilci ƙasarsa ta haihuwa a matakin matasa. A cikin 2018, an kira shi don buga wa tawagar ƙasar Kamaru.

A ranar 31 ga watan Janairu 2020, Tameze ya shiga ƙungiyar kwallon kafar Atalanta a Serie A na Italiya  kan lamuni watau loan kenan tare da zaɓi don saye.  A ranar 3 ga Satumba 2020, ya rattaba hannu kan ƙungiyar kwallon kafar Hellas Verona har zuwa 30 ga Yuni 2024.

## Manazarta
Sauyin yanayi a Sudan

A Sudan, canjin yanayi ya haifar da ƙaruwar yanayin zafi, raguwar ruwan sama da kuma haifar da hamada.Canjin yanayi yana haifar da manyan ƙalubale ga aikin gona mai ruwan sama saboda haka duk tattalin arzikin.Binciken yanayin yanayi ya nuna yanayin fari da sauran matsanancin yanayi sun ƙaru a Sudan a cikin karni na 20.Dangantaka tsakanin canjin yanayi,rikice-rikicen ruwa da yaƙi a Sudan ya kasance batun muhawara ta ilimi.

## Duba kuma

* Canjin yanayi a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Sudan a Bankin Duniya Yanayin Yanayin Yanayi
Zakiya Dauda

**Zakya Daoud** (ainihin sunanta Jacqueline **Loghlam** ) yar jaridar Faransa ce. An haife ta a shekara ta 1937 a Bernay a kasar Faransa. An ba ta asalin ƙasar Morocco kuma ta canza sunanta a cikin 1959.

Loghlam ta fara aikin jarida a shekara 1958 don gidan rediyon Morocco sannan kuma a matsayin mai ba da rahoto a Maroko don *Jeune Afrique* na mako-mako, wanda ya nemi ta sanya hannu a kan labaranta da lakabin "Zakya Daoud", sunan aro wanda ta ci gaba da rubutawa. 

A cikin shekara  1966, ta zama babban editan *Lamalif*, Mujallar Moroko har sai da hukumomin Moroko suka dakatar da buga ta a shekara 1988. Daga shekara  1989 zuwa shekara 2001, Daoud ya ba da gudummawar labarai ga mujallun Faransawa da yawa ciki har da *[[Maghreb-Machrek]]*, *Arabies* da *Le Monde diflomasiyya.*Tun daga wancan lokacin ta buga littafai da dama a fagen ilimin zamantakewa da tarihi. 

## Nassoshi

## Littafi Mai Tsarki

* *L'État du Maghreb* (ayyukan da aka tattara), la Découverte, shekara 1990.
* *Féminisme da siyasa au Maghreb*, Editions Maisonneuve et Larose, shekara1994
* *Ferhart Abbas, une utopie algérienne* (tare da haɗin gwiwar Benjamin Stora), Éditions Denoël, shekara1995
* *Ben Barka* (tare da haɗin gwiwar Maati Monjib), Éditions Michalon, shekara 1996
* *Marocains des deux rives*, Editions L'Atelier, shekara1997.
* *Abdelkrim, une épopée d'or et de rera waƙa*, Éditions Séguier, shekara1999 
* *Gibraltar, croisée de mondes et Gibraltar, improbable frontière*, Éditions Atlantica-Séguier, shekara 2002
* *De l'immigration à la citoyenneté*, Éditions Mémoire de la Méditerranée, shekara2003
* *Zaynab, reine de Marrakech* (novel), Éditions L'Aube, shekara 2004
* *Marocains de l'autre rive*, Editions Paris Méditerranée-Tarik, shekara2004
* *Casablanca en mouvement*, Editions Autrement,shekara 2005
* *Les Années Lamalif : shekara1958-zuwa shekara1988, trente ans de journalisme*, Éditions Tarik et Senso Unico, shekara2007

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Bibliomonde Zakya Daoud bibliography  on Biblimonde website. An dawo ashirin da uku ga watan Afrilu 23, shekara2008.
* Loubna Bernichi, "Zakya Daoud, la pasionaria de la plume", *Maroc Hebdo. An* adana shi daga asali akan sha uku 13 Oktoba shekara 2008. An dawo talatin ga watan da 30 Maris shekaran  2018.
Samuele Ricci

**Samuele Ricci** (an haife shi 21 ga Agusta 2001) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Italiya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin tsakiya ko tsakiya don kungiyar kwallon kafar Torino a Serie A na Italiya da kuma tawagar ƙasar Italiya.  

## Manazarta
Sultan Balki

Shah  **Balkhi** ( Bengali, Persian ), **Mahisawar** (Bengali , Persian      &#x27;mahayin kifi &#x27;
), ya kasance waliyyi musulmi na ƙarni na, 14. Sunansa yana da alaƙa da yaɗuwar Musulunci a Sandwip da Bogra.

## Rayuwar farko
Balkhi ɗan Shah Ali Asghar, ne, sarkin Balkh a ƙasar Afghanistan . Shi ne yarima mai jiran gado amma ya bar wannan aikin ya zama mabiyin malamin addini, Sheikh Tawfiq na Damascus.

## Hijira zuwa Bengal
Wata rana Shehin Malamin ya umurci Balkhi da ya tafi ƙasar Bengal ya yi wa'azin addinin Musulunci a can. Daga nan sai Balkhi ya tashi da jirgin ruwa, daga ƙarshe ya isa tsibirin Sandwip inda ya zauna a cikin shekaru masu yawa. Jirginsa wani jirgin ruwa ne mai siffa kamar kifi; wanda ya kai shi samun laqabi da Mahi-sawar (mai hawan kifi).  Daga nan sai ya tafi Hariramnagar, mai yiwuwa wani tsibiri, wanda Balaram, Raja Hindu mai bautar Kali ya mulki. Waziri Balaram ya yanke shawarar karɓar Musulunci wanda ya fusata Raja. Hatsaniya ta faru a ƙarshe har ta kai ga mutuwar Balaram.

Daga nan sai Balkhi ya yanke shawarar barin Hariramnagar don haka ya yi tsalle a kan jirgin ruwansa, ya isa tsohon birnin Mahasthangarh, babban birnin masarautar Pundravardhana, wanda Narsingh Parshuram na daular Bhoj Garh ke mulki. Balkhi ya nemi izinin Parshuram don ya zauna a yankinsa kuma ya yi addininsa da yardar rai wanda Sarki ya yarda. Balkhi wa'azi ga 'yan qasar Buddha da Chilhan, da sojojin shugaban Raja Parshuram, da yawa wasu yarda da saƙon Musulunci.  Parshuram, kamar Balaram, shi ma bai ji daɗin ayyukan mishan na Balkhi ba kuma an yi yaƙi. Wani jami'in Parshuram, Harapal, ya ci amanar sarki kuma ya zama musulmi.  Wannan ya kai ga Balkhi daga ƙarshe ya ci Parshuram ya ci kagara a shekarar 1343. Parshuram shine sarkin Buddha na ƙarshe na Mahasthangarh. Bayan jin labarin mutuwar mahaifinta, ƴar Sarki, Gimbiya Shiladevi ta nutsar da kanta a cikin kogin Karatoya. Yankin da ke kusa da wurin nutsewarta ana kiransa Ghat Shila Devi.

## Gado
Ba a san ta yaya da kuma lokacin da Balkhi ta rasu ba. A lokacin mulkin Mughal sarki Aurangzeb a shekara ta 1685, dargah na Balkhi ƙasa ce mara haya kuma an ba da shekaru ga Syed Muhammad Tahir, Syed Abd ar-Rahman da Syed Muhammad Reza.  Mughal sun ba da kulawa sosai ga wurin ibada, suka gina wata kofa ta shiga makabartar Balkhi mai suna *Buri Ka Darwaza* . A shekara ta 1719, a zamanin sarki Farrukhsiyar, Khodadil ya gina wani katafaren masallaci mai gida ɗaya kusa da wurin ibadar da ake amfani da ita a yau.

## Manazarta
Steven Amstrup

Steven C. Amstrup, (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, a shikara ta 1950) masanin ilimin dabbobi ne na Amurka wanda ke nazarin bears,musamman bears. Shine mai karɓar kyautar Indianapolis ta 2012.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Steven Amstrup a Fargo,North Dakota,inda ya yi sha'awar bears tun yana ƙarami.Ya halarci Jami'ar Washington a matsayin dalibi,inda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin gandun daji a shekarar 1972.A shekara ta 1975, ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Idaho tareda digiri na biyu acikin kula da namun daji.Yayi nazarin baƙar fata a tsakiyar Idaho don rubutun mashahurinsa. Ya sami digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar Alaska Fairbanks a shekarar 1995.

Ashekara ta 1975,ya fara aiki ga Hukumar Kifi da namun daji ta Amurka a Wyominginda yayi nazarin antelope na pronghorn da sharp-tailed grouse.A shekara ta 1980 ya koma Alaska inda ya karɓi aikin Binciken Kifi da Kayan daji na Amurka.Acikin 1996 an canja matsayin binciken Amstrup zuwa Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayi ta Amurka. Alokacin shekaru 30 da yayi a Alaska,yayi nazarin ilimin muhalli na beyar polar,da farko acikin Tekun Beaufort.A cikin shekara ta 2007,ƙungiyar masana kimiyya ta Amstrup ta shirya rahotanni tara da suka kai ga jerin sunayen 2008,na Sakataren Cikin Gida na Amurka Dirk Kempthorne,na bears a matsayin nau'in da ke fuskantar barazana a ƙarƙashin Dokar Halitta.A shekara ta 2010,ya wallafa wata ƙasida acikin Nature inda ya gano cewa ko da canjin yanayi ya haifar da cikakkiyar narkewar ƙanƙara, ƙanƙarar na'iya dawowa idan yanayin duniya ya sanyaya.Ya koyar a Jami'ar Wyoming a matsayin farfesa tun shekara ta 2006.

An girmama gudummawar da ya bayar ga kiyayewar beyar polar a shekarar 2012, lokacin da gidan zoo na Indianapolis ya ba shi suna wanda ya lashe kyautar Indianapolis ta shekaru biyu. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, an gabatar da shi da lambar yabo ta Our Earth Bambi a Düsseldorf .

## Yunkurin fafutuka
Bayan ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 2010, Amstrup ya zama babban masanin kimiyya na Polar Bears International. Bayan ya lura da tasirin canjin yanayi a kan bears da mazauninsu na Arctic yayin aikinsa a matsayin mai bincike, yanzu yana aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga bears kuma yana inganta sauye-sauyen yanayi.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Amstrup ya yi aure. Shi da matarsa suna gina gida mai amfani da makamashi a arewa maso gabashin Washington.

## Manazarta
Dokar Kuɗi

**Dokar Kuɗi** doka ce mafi muhimmanci na kasafin kuɗi (kasafin kuɗi) Wanda yan Majalisar dokokin Burtaniya suka kafa, wanda ke ɗauke da tanadi masu yawa akan **haraji**, kudin shiga, sahalewa da kuma rangwame aƙalla sau ɗaya a shekara, kuma musamman yana bayyana manyan ƙimar haraji na kowace shekara na kasafin kuɗin.

A Burtaniya, Shugabar Babban Bankin zai gabatar da jawabi akan kasafin kudin a ranar kasafin kudi, inda zai bayyana sauye-sauyen da ake samu wajen kashewa, da tara haraji. Canje-canje ga haraji da haraji ana aiwatar da su azaman doka, kuma kowace shekara suna samar da **Dokar Kuɗi** daban-daban. Da kuma Ƙarin dokokin Kudi suma na kowa ne kuma sakamakon canji ne a jam'iyyar da ke mulki saboda babban zaɓe, daɗaɗɗa ko lahani a cikin dokar haraji, ko koma baya dangane da kashe kuɗin gwamnati ko haraji.

Dokokin da ke kula da hanyoyin biyan haraji daban-daban suna ƙunshe ne a cikin ayyukan dokan harajin da suka dace. Dokokin Haraji na Hannun Jari, alal misali, yana ƙunshe a cikin Dokar Harajin Canjin Caji na 1992 . Dokar Kudi ta yi bayani dalla-dalla gyare-gyaren da za a yi wa kowane ɗayan waɗannan Ayyukan. Babban harajin su ne harajin haraji, Ƙara Harajin Ƙimar, Harajin Shiga, Harajin Kamfanoni, da Harajin Riba .

## Kudin Haraji
Takardun harajin harajin cikin gida ne da ake ɗora wa kan abubuwa a lokacin da aka kera su.

* barasa
** Kudin shiga na BarasaDokarkudin shiganaBarasa 1979
* Kudin shiga na Hydrocarbon Oil
** Dokar Kudin Shiga NaMai na Hydrocarbon 1979
* Kudin shiga na kayayyakin taba
** 1979 Dokar Kula da Kayayyakin Taba
* Kudin Shiga na wasannin motsa jiki
** Dokar Kuɗi 1997 (yawan nauyin aikin caca)
* Kudin Shiga na Lasisin Nishaɗi
** Dokokin Wasa da Wasa 1981
* Kudin Hayar Mota
** Dokar Hayar Motoci da Rijista 1994

## Takamaiman ayyukan kuɗi

### Dokar Kuɗi 1910
Dokar Kudi (1909-10) ta 1910 ta haifar da gagarumin karuwar haraji, sannan kuma ta bukaci binciken da kwararrun 'yan jarida suka yi wa lakabi da " Lloyd George 's Domesday land-survey", musamman yana tattare da taswirar ƙimar 1910-1915.

Kowace dukiya da haƙƙin da ke da alaƙa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa da sama (gado) a cikin Ingila da Wales an bincika kuma an kimanta su, don haka Ƙimar da ke bisa ƙimar ƙasar za a iya ba da ita lokacin da aka sayar da kowace dukiya. Adadin farko shine kashi 20% na haɓakar ƙimar ƙasa tsakanin ranar binciken da ranar siyarwa (ribar babban birni). Keɓancewa sun haɗa da filayen noma da filaye ƙasa da    . An canza wannan haraji sosai ta hanyar sokewars.&nbsp;67 ta Dokar Kudi ta 1920 wanda ya maye gurbin shi. 

A matsayin wani ɓangare na binciken, masu mallakar ƙasa dole ne su cika fom, kuma bayanan da aka samu suna da matukar amfani ga tarihin gida .


#### Manazarta
Iwoye-Ketu

**Iwoye-Ketu** birni ne, da ke a Imeko Afon, Jihar Ogun a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya da kuma wani  yankin yammacin  Benin.  Al’ummar na da iyaka da karamar hukumar Iwajowa da ke jihar Oyo a arewa. Ta shahara wajen samar da auduga.  

## Tarihi
Al’adar baka ta ce garin Iwoye-Ketu ya samo asali ne daga tsohon garin Ile Ife, asalin kabilar Yarabawa da kuma tushen al’adun Yarabawa. Sarakunan gargajiya na birnin su ne ’ya’yan gunkin Yarbawa, Oduduwa kasancewar shi ne sarkin Ile Ife na farko.  A tatsuniya, Olumu, wani fitaccen sarki ne kuma babban basaraken gargajiya na garin wanda ya yi hijira daga Ile Ife ne ya kirkiro Iwoye-Ketu.  Olomu ya yi hijira zuwa Iwoye Ketu da manyan abubuwa guda uku: rawani, sanda mai suna "Opa Ogbo" da kuma abin bautarsa mai suna "Orisa Oluwa". 

## Bayani da al'adu
Gonakin gida na noma ne kuma jami’ar yankin ita ce Jami’ar Aikin Gona ta Tarayya, Abeokuta, FUNAAB.  Duk da haka, al'adar Orisa Oluwa ta hana noman alade saboda aladu suna da datti. 

Al'adar gida kuma ta hana amfani da laima. Saboda girmamawa da girmamawar da al'umma ke da shi ga abin bautarsu, an samar da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idoji game da guje wa amfani da laima.  Ba bisa ka'ida ba don mallakar laima ko mutanen da ke zaune a garin su yi amfani da ita a wajen unguwar. Hukuncin bai bayyana ba kamar yadda kawai ba ya faruwa. Ana zargin, amma ba a sani ba, za a gafarta wa maziyartan garin saboda karya wannan haramcin. 

Iyakar ta yadda wasu gidajen zama suna da wasu dakuna a wata ƙasa wasu kuma a wata ƙasashen. Dukkanin shagunan sun yarda da karbar kudin Najeriya ko na Benin, kuma akwai kayan da ake shigowa da su daga kasashen waje kamar shinkafa, giya, turare da tayoyin mota. 

## Geography
Iwoye-Ketu tana cikin jihar Ogun a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya, tare da yankin yammacin Benin. Ƙungiyoyin ƙabilu takwas ne ke zaune, waɗanda suka haɗa da Egun, Hausa, Igbo, Fulani, Igede, Ohoi da Yarbawa. 

## Manazarta
Vic Barrett

**Vic Barrett** (an haife shi a shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari takwas da casa'in da takwas 1998 ko alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da casa'in da tara 1999) ɗan gwagwarmayar yanayine na Amurka. Shi mai shigar da ƙara ne acikin Juliana v.*Amurka* kuma ya bayyana acikin wani shirin game da shari'ar, Youth v. *Gwamna*.

## Yunkuri da fafutuka

Bayan ya fuskanci Guguwar Sandy, Barrett ya fara cin abinci tareda ƙungiyar Global Kids lokacin da yake ɗan shekara goma sha huɗu 14. Ya kasance ɗan'uwa sannan kuma babban ɗan'uwa, tare da Alliance for Climate Education, yana aiki don faɗaɗa ilimin yanayi a makarantun jama'a da ƙarfafa mutane su jefa ƙuri'a. Acikin shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha biyar 2015, Barrett yayi magana a COP21 kuma ya shiga Juliana v. Shari'ar *Amurka*. Barrett yayi zanga-zanga a COP24, yana kiran manufofin makamashi na Amurka "ba'a". Kuɗin lokacin yakai shi ga janyewa na ɗan lokaci daga karatun digiri. Acikin shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha tara 2019, Barrett ya bayyana acikin Ilana Glazer's Generator Series kuma ya inganta yajin aikin yanayi na Satumba shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha tara 2019, kuma yayi magana a yajin aikin NYC a Foley Square. An zaɓi Barrett don lambar yabo ta Pritzker daga Cibiyar Muhalli da Cigaba ta UCLA a shekarar alif dubu biyu da ashirin 2020. Ahalin yanzu shine mai shirya cibiyar sadarwa don Power Shift Network. Barrett yayi magana game da ikon bada labari wajen shigar da mutane cikin gwagwarmaya.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Barrett ya fito ne daga White Plains, New York, kuma yana zaune a Bronx tun daga watan Agusta shekara ta alif dubu biyu da ashirin da ukku 2023. Shi ne neurodivergent, queer, kuma na zuriyar Garifuna. Barrett kuma Ba'amurke ne na ƙarni na farko kuma mutum ne wanda ya sauya a cikin shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha baƙwai 2017, bayan ya koma kwaleji. Ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta mata a Manhattan, kuma ya yi karatun kimiyyar siyasa a UW-Madison . Barrett yana da tattoo wanda ke nufin yawan carbon dioxide na yanayi a sassa na miliyan. Ya gano Berta Cáceres a matsayin jarumi na kansa.

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Vic J. Barrett on Twitter
Colette Pichon Battle

**Colette Pichon Battle** 'yar gwagwarmayar yanayice kuma lauya, wacce ta kafa cibiyar shari'ar yanayi da haƙƙin ɗan adam The Gulf Coast Center for Law & Policy. Ta kasance mai magana da yawun TED, kuma abokin aikin Obama Foundation na 2019. Anfi saninta da bayarda shawarwari ga buƙatun al'ummomin launi a fuskar rikicin yanayi a Tekun Gulf na Amurka.

## Rayuwa
An tayar da yaƙin a Bayou Liberty, Bonfouca, Louisiana. Ta halarci Kwalejin Kenyon (aji na 1997), daga Slidell, wanda yafi girma acikin karatun ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma ya ɗauki digiri na shari'a aCibiyar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Kudancin a 2002.An zaɓe ta a matsayin Echoing Green Climate Fellow acikin 2015,  an gane ta a matsayin Gwarzon Canji na Canjin Yanayi a cikin 2016,kuma ta sami digiri na girmamawa daga Kwalejin Kenyon a 2018. An gane ta a matsayin Obama Fellow a cikin 2019, saboda aikinta tareda al'ummomin Baƙar fata dana 'yan asali da canjin yanayi ya shafa. Ta sami taken Margaret Burroughs Community Fellow a cikin 2021.

## Cibiyar Shari'a da Manufofin Tekun Gulf
Yakin ya kula da ayyukan shari'a a cikin dokar shige da fice da bala'i kuma ya kirkiro kamfen ɗin bayar da shawarwari ga Cibiyar Shari'a da Manufofin Gulf Coast (GCCLP). Bayan lokacin guguwar Atlantic na 2005, Moving Forward Gulf Coast, Inc. ta kaddamar da GCCLP a matsayin shirin. Mazauna a jihohi biyar dole ne su bi hanyoyin shari'a da siyasa yayin da suke hulɗa da bala'i da rauni, wanda ke da tasiri na dogon lokaci akan ikon su na warkewa daga bala'in da kuma 'yancin ɗan adam na komawa gida. Bayan bala'in BP Oil Drilling, GCCLP ta kara da lauya ga aikinta a cikin 2011. A cikin shekara ta farko, ta dawo da fiye da dala miliyan 1 a cikin da'awar da aka hana a baya ga masu da'awar.

A matsayinsa na mahaliccin kungiyar da kuma babban darektan, Yakin ya kirkiro shirye-shirye tare da mai da hankali kan farfadowar bala'i, ƙaura ta duniya, ci gaban tattalin arzikin gida, adalci na yanayi, da dimokuradiyya na makamashi. A cikin 2022 GCCLP ya zama Taproot Earth .

## Haɗin waje

## Manazarta
Mai Boeve

**May Boeve** 'yar gwagwarmayar kare muhallice ta Amurka.  Babban darakta ta 350.org wadda kuma ta kafa, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta ta yanayi. *The Guardian* ta kira ta"sabuwar fuskar canjin yanayi".

## Yunkurin gwagwarmaya na farko

Boeve ta halarci Kwalejin Middlebury, inda ta shiga cikin gwagwarmayar kare muhalli da adalci na zamantakewa. Ta taimaka wajen samun gwamnatin Middlebury, ta himmatu ga cigaba da carbon-neutral. Boeve ta haɗa kai da Bill McKibben da sauransu don ƙaddamar da shirin Step It Up, wanda ta ɗauki baƙuncin dubban zanga-zangar, kuma "ta shirya ranar buɗewa ta farko, ranar aiki ta yanar gizo da'aka sadaukar don dakatar da canjin yanayi". Boeve ta bada gudummawa ga littafin 2007 "Fight Global Warming Now: The Handbook for Taking Action in Your Community," wanda Holt ya buga.

## Kasancewa a 350.org
Boeve tana daga cikin mata ƙalilan dake jagorantar manyan kungiyoyin muhalli, kuma an naƙalto ta tana cewa "Akwai matsala ta jima'i. A 350, Boeve ya taimaka wajen shirya zanga-zangar yanayi kuma ya bada shawara don fitar da man fetur da kuma sabon Green Deal na duniya. Ashekara ta 2011, an kama Boeve yayin da yake zanga-zanga kan bututun mai na Keystone XL agaban Fadar White House.

A karkashin jagorancin Boeve, 350 sun kara yawan ma'aikatanta fiye da kasafin kudin ta, wanda ya haifar da rahotanni na rikici a cikin kungiyar da kuma korar mutane 25.

## Sanarwa
Boeve ya lashe lambar yabo ta Brower Youth a shekara ta 2006. Boeve an bayyana shi a matsayin "Shugaban Zamani na gaba" ta hanyar TIME a cikin 2015. Ta sami lambar yabo ta New Frontier daga ɗakin karatu na John F. Kennedy a shekarar 2017 kuma ta kasance mai cin nasara don lambar yabo ta Pritzker daga Cibiyar Muhalli da Ci gaba ta UCLA a shekarar 2019.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Boeve ya girma a Sonoma kuma yana zaune a yankin San Francisco Bay . Ta auri David Bryson, mai ba da shawara, a cikin 2018. Boeve ya fito ne daga zuriyar William Huntington Russell. Ta ambaci Rebecca Solnit a matsayin tasiri.

## Manazarta
Abigail Borah

**Abigail Borah** 'yar gwagwarmayar kare muhallice ta Amurka, wacce ta katse Todd Stern a taron canjin yanayi na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na 2011 kuma wacce ta kafa Race to Replace Vermont Yankee.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi

Borah ta girma a kusa da Princeton kuma ta halarci Makarantar Ranar ƙasar Stuart ta Zuciya Mai Tsarki.

Borah tayi karatu a Kwalejin Middlebury inda tayi karatu sosai a fannin ilmin halitta. Yayinda take karatu, tashiga SustainUS, wanda ya turata zuwa taron canjin yanayi na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na 2010 a Cancun (wanda aka fi sani da COP-16.)

## Gwagwarmaya da aiki

A shekara ta 2011, lokacin da take da shekaru 21, Borah ta katse mai tattaunawar Amurka Todd Stern ataron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na Canjin Yanayi na 2011 (COP-17) a Durban don cewa:"Ina magana a madadin Amurka saboda masu tattaunawar ba zasu iya ba. Ina jin tsoro game da makomata. 2020 ya makara sosai don jira."Borah ta sadu da yabo daga masu sauraro kuma ta sami takardun shaidarta da suka ba ta damar halartar taron da masu gadi suka cire. Stern daga baya ya yarda cewa ya yarda da abubuwan da ta samu. Daga baya aka kira ta "Gwarzon Yanayi na Yanayi" ta hanyar Ci gaban Yanayi .

Borah ita ce co-kafa Race to Replace Vermont Yankee, kamfen ɗin da ke da niyyar maye gurbin makamashin nukiliya a Vermont da makamashi mai tsabta.

## Duba kuma

* Emily Cunningham
* Julia Butterfly Hill
* Nicole Hernandez Hammer

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Bidiyo na YouTube (ta hanyar Dimokuradiyya Yanzu!) na Borah a COP-17
Zanagee Artis

**Zanagee Artis** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1999) ɗan gwagwarmayar yanayi ne na Amurka.An fi saninsa da kafa ƙungiyar masu fafutukar yanayi ta matasa Zero Hour a cikin 2017.Ya zuwa 2021,Artis ya kasance muƙaddashin Darakta na Manufofin Zero Hour.

## Tarihin rayuwa
A makarantar sakandare, ya fara Kwamitin Tsaro na makarantar,wanda ya samo asali a cikin Green Team.A lokacin rani tsakanin ƙaramin makarantar sakandare da manyan shekarunsa a shekarar 2017,ya halarci shirin bazara a Jami'ar Princeton.Artis ya bayyana cewa ya fara tunani fiye da al'ummarsa bayan yayi magana da 'yan uwansa,masu halartar shirin Jamie Margolin da Madelaine Tew.Su da sauran masu gwagwarmayar matasa sun kafa Zero Hour.Zero Hour ya kira mulkin mallaka,jari-hujja,wariyar launin fata,da shugabanci a matsayin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da rikicin yanayi.

Zero Hour ta shirya Maris na Yanayin Matasa a watan Yulin 2018 a Washington,DC,tare da tafiye-tafiye na tauraron dan adam da aka gudanar a duk duniya.Artis,a matsayin darektan dabaru,ya shirya babban taron kuma ya daidaita tare da 'yan sanda na Capitol na Amurka.Artis ya ce,"Wannan ainihin farawa ne ga ƙungiyarmu,kuma ya yi wa matasa wahayi a duniya.Greta Thunberg's Jumma'a for Future ya samo asali ne daga Matasa Climate March.

Daga baya, Artis ya yi aiki tare da Sunrise Movement a kan yajin aikin yanayi na Satumba da Nuwamba 2019. A watan Satumbar 2020, ya bayyana cewa Zero Hour ya canza mayar da hankali ga ilimi. A lokacin zaben shugaban Amurka na 2020, a matsayin darektan manufofi, Artis ya jagoranci yakin neman zabe na #Vote4OurFuture . Yaƙin neman zaɓe ya mayar da hankali ga jihohin da ke motsawa kamar Michigan da Pennsylvania, tare da burin kara yawan masu jefa kuri'a don tallafawa Green New Deal. Artis ya ce, "Muna son canjin yanayi ya zama babban fifiko a tunanin mutane lokacin da suke zuwa zaben a watan Nuwamba saboda yadda zai shafi mutane masu launi da mutanen da ke zaune a cikin waɗannan biranen".

## Keɓantacciyar Rayuwar
Artis ya girma a Clinton, Connecticut kuma ya yaba da yarinta da ya yi a Hammonasset Beach State Park tare da karfafa sha'awar muhalli. Artis ya shiga Jami'ar Brown a cikin 2018, tare da niyyar halartar makarantar shari'a. Shi memba ne na ƙungiyar Zeta Delta Xi .

## manazarta
Kobbie Mainoo

**Kobbie Boateng Mainoo** (an haife shi a ranar 19 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta 2005) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Ingila gwagwala wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya . Kulob din Premier League Manchester United .

## Rayuwar farko
An haife shi a Stockport,  Mainoo ya fara aikinsa na matashi a Cheadle & Gatley Junior Football Club, kafin ya koma Manchester United yana da shekaru tara. 

## Aikin kulob
Mainoo ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin ƙwararrun sa na farko a watan Mayu shekara ta 2022.  Ayyukansa, ciki har da kyakkyawan nuni na tsakiya a kan Carlisle United a cikin EFL Trophy, ya ba shi kira ga manyan 'yan wasan don horo a watan Oktoba shekara ta 2022.  An nada shi a kan benci a karon farko a ranar 16 ga watan Oktoba, gabanin wasan Premier da Newcastle United . 

Mainoo ya fara taka leda a United a ranar 10 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 2023, yana farawa a gasar cin Kofin EFL da ci 3-0 a kan Charlton Athletic,  kuma ya fara buga gasar Premier a ranar 19 ga watan Fabrairu ta hanyar maye gurbinsa da ci 3-0 da Leicester Garin . 

Mainoo ya yi tafiya tare da 'yan wasan Manchester United a ziyarar da suka yi na tunkarar kakar wasa ta shekarar 2023-24 a Amurka. 

## Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Mainoo ya wakilci Ingila a matakin kasa da shekaru 17, kasa da shekara 18 da kuma kasa da Shekara 19.  Ya kuma cancanci wakiltar Ghana. 

## Kididdigar sana'a

### Kulob

## Girmamawa
**Manchester United U18**

* Kofin matasa na FA : 2021-22 

**Manchester United**

* Kofin EFL : 2022-23

**Mutum**

* Jimmy Murphy matashin ɗan wasan shekara : 2022-23 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Bayanan martaba a gidan yanar gizon Manchester United FC
Altay Bayındır

**Altay Bayındır** (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga watan Afrilu shekarar 1998) ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Turkiyya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Manchester United da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turkiyya .

## Aikin kulob

### MKE Ankaragücü
Bayındır ya fara buga wasansa na Süper Lig a MKE Ankaragücü a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da Çaykur Rizespor a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba shekarar 2018. 

### Fenerbahce
A ranar 8 ga watan  Yuli shekarar 2019, Bayındır ya koma Fenerbahçe kan kwantiragin shekaru hudu.  Bayındır ya zama mai tsaron gida na farko a gaban abokin wasansa Harun Tekin .  A ranar 19 ga Agusta shekarar 2019, ya fara wasansa na farko na Fenerbahçe a cikin nasara da ci 5-0 da Gazişehir Gaziantep FK a filin wasa na Şükrü Saracoğlu . 

A ranar 3 ga Oktoba shekarar 2020, Bayındır ya ceci bugun fanareti daga Erik Sabo a cikin mako 4 da suka yi da Fatih Karagümrük wanda ya kare 2-1 a Fenerbahce.  A ranar 6 ga  Disamba 2020, ya ceci wani fanareti, daga Radosław Murawski, a cikin mako 11 da suka yi da Denizlispor wanda Fenerbahçe ta ci 2-0.  Ya samar da jimlar ceto bakwai a wannan wasan, inda Fenerbahçe ta kasa zuwa maza 10 bayan sallamar Serdar Aziz . 

A ranar 30 ga Oktoba shekarar 2021, a ci 2-1 a waje da Konyaspor, Bayındır ya ji rauni a  karo da Serdar Gürler a cikin minti na 69 kuma ya bar filin, Berke Özer ya maye gurbinsa.  Washegari, Fenerbahçe ta ba da sanarwar cewa: “Ko da yake ba a sami karaya a kafadar Altay Bayındır ba, an ga rabuwar acromioclavicular. An yanke shawarar cewa za a yi wa dan wasanmu tiyata kuma an fara jinyarsa.”  An kiyasta cewa ba zai samu ba har tsawon watanni uku. 

A ranar 18 ga Maris shekarar 2023, Bayındır ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa, wanda zai kare a karshen kakar wasa, har zuwa shekarar 2027.  A ranar 17 ga watan Afrilu shekarar 2023, an yi masa tiyatar lumbar hernia . 

### Manchester United
A ranar 1 ga watan  Satumba shekarar 2023, Bayındır ya koma kulob din Premier League na Manchester United a kan yarjejeniyar farko ta shekaru hudu, tare da zabin tsawaita kwantiraginsa na tsawon kakar wasa, wanda ya sa ya zama Baturke na farko da ya sanya  hannu a kulob din.   An bayar da rahoton cewa an kashe fam miliyan 4.3. 

## Ayyukan kasa da kasa

### Matasa
Bayındır ya wakilci tawagar Turkiyya 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 a gasar Toulon ta shekarar 2018 . 

### Babban

Şenol Güneş ne ya gayyaci Bayındır zuwa babban tawagar kasar Turkiyya a ranar 9 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 2020, don karawa da Hungary da Rasha a gasar UEFA .   Ya yi babban wasansa na farko a duniya a ranar 27 ga wannan Mayu shekarar 2021, a wasan sada zumunci da Azerbaijan. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An haifi Bayındır a Osmangazi a cikin shekarar 1998 zuwa  dangin Abkhaz - asalin Circassian .   Shi musulmi ne . 

## Kididdigar sana'a

### Kulob

### Ƙasashen Duniya

## Girmamawa
**Ankaragücü**

* TFF League ta biyu : 2016–17

**Fenerbahce**

* Gasar Cin Kofin Turkiyya : 2022-23

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Bayanan martaba a gidan yanar gizon Fenerbahçe SK
* Altay Bayındır  
* Altay Bayındır  
*
Kyakkyawan fari

Kyakkyawan fari wani nau'in **fari** ne, wanda ke nuna saurin farawa, karuwa, da tsananin lokaci acikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, yawanci acikin 'yan kwanaki ko makonni.Wannan ra'ayi ya samo asaline acikin shekaru goma da suka gabata yayin da masu bincike suka zama masu sha'awar fahimtar  rage tasirinsa.Kashewar fari ya bambanta da sauran nau'ikan fari kamar yanayin yanayi, ruwa, aikin gona, muhalli, da fari na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, saboda suna tasowa da ƙaruwa da sauri, suna haifar da ƙalubale na musamman don saka idanu, tsinkaya, da ragewa.

## Tarihi
Rashin ruwa na gaggawa ya sami ƙaruwar kulawa daga masu bincike da masu tsara manufofi saboda tasirin da suke da shi akan noma da albarkatun ruwa. An ƙirƙiro kalmar"bishiyar fari"don bayyana saurin farawa da ƙaruwar yanayin fari,wanda ya bambanta shi da wasu nau'ikan fari na al'ada waɗanda ke tasowa a tsawon lokaci.Bincike na farko ya mayar da hankali kan fahimtar halaye na musamman da direbobi na fari,yayin da binciken da'aka yi kwanan nan ya bincika tasirinsu akan aikin gona, yanayin halittu, da albarkatun ruwa.

### Na'urar Jin nesa
Remote sensing data, such as satellite-derived measurements of soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and vegetation indices, can provide valuable information on the development and progression of flash droughts. Remote sensing data can be used to assess the rapid response of ecosystems to flash droughts by analysing multiple ecological metrics derived from satellite observations. These metrics, such as gross primary productivity (GPP), net primary productivity (NPP), and leaf area index (LAI), can provide insights into the reactions of ecosystems to flash droughts from both vegetation physiological and structural perspectives.

## Manazarta
Sabeena Farooq

**Sabeena Farooq** yar wasan kwaikwayo ce kuma yar wasan talabijin ta Pakistan. Ta tashi don yin fice tare da rawar da ta taka a *Suno Chanda 2* (2019), kuma ta sami karbuwa sosai don nuna maƙiyin Haya a cikin *Tere Bin* (2022-23). Ayyukanta na baya-bayan nan sun haɗa da jagorar jagora a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo ' Kabuli Pulao ' (2023).

## Aiki
Sabeena ta taka rawar gani a matsayin mace a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa, ciki har da *Maa Sadqey* (2018), *Suno Chanda 2* (2019) da *Log Kiya Kahenge* (2018). Sauran fitowar ta sun haɗa da *De Ijazat* (2018) da *Salaam Zindagi* (2018). Ta kuma sami babban yabo ta hanyar taka rawar adawa a cikin *Tere Bin* (2022-23). Sabon aikin Sabeena (2023) shine rawar da ta taka a wasan kwaikwayo 'Kabuli Pulao'. yayanta Sabeena

## Yin fim

### Fim

* *Janan* (2016) 

### Talabijin

## Manazarta


## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Sabeena Farooq akan Instagram
Uganda Forestry Working Group

**Uganda Forestry Working Group** (UFWG) ƙungiya ce ta Uganda da ke da tushe kuma cibiyar sadarwace ta al'ada ta masu ruwa da tsaki acikin gandun daji, ƙungiyoyin farar hula, cibiyoyin ilimi da bincike da ke da hannu a cigaba da ɗorewar ɓangaren gandun daji a Uganda waɗanda ke da yawa a faɗin bangarori da yawa na cigaban ƙasa. An kafa shi acikin 2001 don yin tasiri ga cigaban ɓangaren gandun daji da kuma sa ido kan aiwatar da Manufar gandun daji ta kasa da Shirin gandun daji na kasa (NFP).

## Haɗin gwiwa
UFWG tana da haɗin gwiwa tare da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kasa, kungiyoyin da ke da tushe a cikin al'umma, ƙungiyoyin masu amfani da gandun daji da cibiyoyin bincike da membobin da ke cikin ci gaba da dorewar bangaren gandun daji a Uganda. Daga 2014 zuwa 2016, Uganda Forestry Working Group, Abinci da Aikin Gona na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (FAO) da Sashen Taimako na Sashen Gona (FSSD) a karkashin Ma'aikatar Ruwa da Muhalli (MWE) tare da tallafin kuɗi daga Ma'aikalin Ci Gaban Duniya, Burtaniya, sun aiwatar da aikin "Ƙarfafa aikin gandun daji da shugabanci a Uganda" don gwada tsarin rajistar gandun daji masu zaman kansu da sanar da gandun daji na al'umma a Uganda, kamar yadda aka tanada, amma ba a aiwatar da shi ba, a cikin Dokar Shuka Itace ta Kasa ta 2003.

## Duba kuma

* Kungiyar Abinci da Aikin Gona
* Ma'aikatar Ruwa da Muhalli (Uganda)
* Hukumar Kula da dazuzzuka ta Kasa

## Manazarta
 

## Haɗin waje

* UFWG
Ainihin Climate

RealClimate shafin sharhi ne (blog) kan ilimin ***yanayi***. Masu bada gudummawa ga shafin sun haɗada masana kimiyya na yanayi waɗanda burinsu shine samar da martani ga labarun dake tasowa da kuma mahallin da sukeji, wani lokacin ya ɓace a cikin sharhin al'ada game da kimiyyar yanayi da canjin yanayi. Taron matsakaici ne, kuma an ƙuntata shi ga batutuwan kimiyya don kauce wa tattaunawa game da tasirin siyasa ko tattalin arziki na kimiyya. RealClimate an ƙaddamar da shi a ranar 10 ga Disamba 2004 ta masana kimiyya guda tara.

## Sanarwa
*Halitta* RealClimate shine batun edita acikin mujallar *kimiyya* Nature, kuma an ruwaito shi acikin fasalin labarai na "NetWatch" na mujallar Science.

Ashekara ta 2005, editocin Scientific American sun amince da RealClimate, tareda ƙyautar Yanar Gizo ta Kimiyya da Fasaha.

A shekara ta 2006, Yanayi ya tattara jerin shafukan yanar gizo 50 da suka fi shahara da masana kimiyya suka rubuta, kamar yadda Technorati ya auna. RealClimate ya kasance lamba 3 a cikin wannan jerin.

A cewar Time, RealClimate yana "dangane da ainihin manufar yanar gizo: sadarwa ta kimiyya" tare da "bayyanar kai tsaye na shaidar jiki don dumama duniya".

## Shahararrun masu ba da gudummawa
 notable contributors to *RealClimate* included:

* David Archer
* Rasmus Emil Benestad
* Raymond S. Bradley
* Michael E. Mann
* Raymond Pierrehumbert
* Stefan Rahmstorf
* Gavin Schmidt
* Eric Steig

Masu ba da gudummawa na baya sun haɗa da:

* William Connolley

## Duba kuma

* Rashin dumamar yanayi
* Kimiyya mai shakka
* CarbonBrief

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

*
Anthills na Savannah

***Anthills of the Savannah (Anthills na Savannah)***  labari ne na shekarar 1987, wanda marubuci ɗan Najeriya Chinua Achebe . Littafinsa ne na biyar, wanda aka fara buga shi a Ingila shekaru 21 bayan na Achebe na baya ( *[[Mutumin Jama'a|A Man of the People]]* a 1966), kuma an ba da labarin cewa ya “farfado da sunansa a Biritaniya”.  An bayyana dan wasan karshe na 1987 Booker Prize for Fiction, *Anthills na Savannah* an bayyana shi a matsayin "mafi mahimmancin labari da zai fito daga Afirka a cikin [1980s]".  Masu suka sun yaba wa littafin bayan fitowar sa.

## Makirci
**Anthills na Savannah** yana faruwa ne a ƙasar Kangan da ke yammacin Afirka, inda wani jami'in Sandhurst da ya horar da shi, wanda aka sani da Sam wanda aka fi sani da "His Excellency", ya karɓi mulki bayan juyin mulkin da sojoji suka yi. Achebe ya bayyana halin da ake ciki na siyasa ta hanyar abubuwan da abokai uku: Chris Oriko, kwamishinan yada labarai na gwamnati; Beatrice Okoh, jami’a a ma’aikatar kudi kuma budurwar Chris; da Ikem Osodi, editan jarida mai sukar gwamnatin. Sauran jaruman sun hada da Elewa, budurwar Ikem, da Manjo "Samsonite" Ossai, wani jami'in soja wanda ya shahara wajen hada hannu da na'urar Samsonite stapler. Hankali ya ta'azzara a ko'ina cikin littafin, har ya kai ga kashe Ikem da gwamnati ta yi, da kisar da Sam da kuma mutuwarsa, daga karshe kuma aka kashe Chris. Littafin ya ƙare da bikin ba na gargajiya na Elewa da 'yar Ikem 'yar wata-wata, wanda Beatrice ta shirya.

## liyafar
Littafin ya samu karbuwa sosai daga masu suka. Charles Johnson, wanda ya rubuta wa *[[The Washington Post|jaridar Washington Post]]*, ya yaba wa littafin amma ya zargi Achebe saboda gazawa wajen fitar da halayensa.  Nadine Gordimer ta yaba da barkwancin littafin, musamman idan aka bambanta da sifofinsa na ban tsoro. 

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin hadi na waje
* D. A. N. Jones, "Powerful People" (review), *[[London Review of Books]]*, Vol. 9, No. 18, 15 October 1987, pp. 24–25.
* Charles Johnson, "‘Anthills of the Savannah’ by Chinua Achebe" (review), *The Washington Post*, 22 March 2013; reprinted from 7 February 1988.
Takaitacce Carbon

**Carbon** Brief shafin yanar gizon Burtaniya ne, wanda keda ƙwarewa a kimiyya da manufofin canjin yanayi.Ya lashe kyaututtuka don aikin jarida na bincike da nuna bayanai. Leo Hickman shine darakta kuma editan Carbon Brief.

## Kafawa
Carbon Brief ya na samun tallafi daga Gidauniyar Yanayi ta Turai, kuma su na da ofishin su a London. An kafa shafin yanar gizon ne don mayar da martani ga gardamar Climategate.

## Karɓar baƙi
Jaridar New York Times, ta ƙungiyar yanayi a watan Mayu 2018, ta nu na wani labarin CarbonBrief game da aikin injiniyan yanayi na hasken rana,amatsayin mai basira.

Sau da yawa ana ambaton yanayin yanayi da makamashi na Carbon Brief ta hanyar labarai, ko shafukan yanar gizo masu alaƙa da yanayi. YALE Climate Communications ya nuna taƙaitaccen tsarin yanayin yanayi, wani labarin The Guardian na 2011 ya nakalto editan Christian Hunt, a cikin 2017 The New York Times ya ambaci masanin kimiyyar yanayi Zeke Hausfather, kuma a cikin shekarar 2018 MIT Technology Review ya ambaci bincike kan yanayin fitarwa.

## Kyaututtuka
Royal Statistical Society *ta* ba da lambar yabo ta Highly Commended don aikin jarida na bincike a cikin 2018, don labarin Mapped: Yadda ake kashe taimakon ƙasashen waje na Burtaniya akan canjin yanayi, wanda Leo Hickman da Rosamund Pearce suka rubuta, kuma a cikin 2020 a cikin rukunin bayanan gani don Yadda Burtaniya ta canza samar da wutar lantarki a cikin shekaru goma kawai. A cikin 2017, Carbon Brief ya lashe lambar yabo ta Drum Online Media Award don "Mafi kyawun Shafin Kwararre don Jarida".

*Editan* Carbon Brief Leo Hickman an ba shi suna 2020 Edita na Shekara ta Ƙungiyar Marubutan Kimiyya ta Burtaniya. Alƙalai sun yi sharhi:
 

## Duba kuma

* Yanayi na Tsakiya
* Kimiyya mai shakka

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* CarbonBrief
Fujairah

**Fujairah** (Larabci: الفجيرة) babban birnin Masarautar Fujairah ne a Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. Shi ne birni na bakwai mafi girma a cikin UAE, yana kan Tekun Oman (bangaren Tekun Indiya). Shi ne kawai babban birnin Masarautar da ke gabar Gabashin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. Garin Fujairah cibiyar masana'antu ce da kasuwanci wacce ke yammacin gabar tekun Indiya wacce ke zaune a gindin tsaunin Hajar.

## Kasuwanci
Garin Fujairah ita ce babbar cibiyar kasuwanci da kasuwanci ga masarauta, tare da dogayen gine-ginen ofisoshi da ke rufe titin Hamad Bin Abdulla, babbar hanyar shiga cikin birnin. Hanyar ta bi ta cikin birni kuma ta haɗu da Fujairah City zuwa Dubai ta Masarautar Sharjah. Wurin da birnin yake yana ba da damar shiga Tekun Indiya kai tsaye ga Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, tare da guje wa amfani da Tekun Fasha, wanda ke buƙatar shiga ta mashigin Hormuz. Yankin arewacin bakin ruwa yana da tankunan siliki da yawa don ajiyar mai.
Yankin 'yanci na Fujairah yanki ne na musamman na tattalin arziki da ke arewacin birnin, wanda ke bin ka'idojin tattalin arziki daban-daban. Ƙarfafa City yanki ne na watsa labarai kyauta akan babbar titin Sheikh Khalifa zuwa yamma. An kafa shi a cikin 2007 a matsayin cibiyar watsa labaru wanda ke ba da fa'ida ga kamfanonin watsa labaru da ayyukan kasuwanci a cikin kafofin watsa labaru, kiɗa, nishaɗi, abubuwan da suka faru, sadarwa, da sassan tallace-tallace.

Tashar ruwa ta Fujairah tana gabar tekun gabashin birnin, kusa da mashigin Hormuz, kuma an gina ta ne a shekarar 1978. Ta fara aiki a shekarar 1983 kuma a yau tana da wani jirgin ruwa mai tsawon kilomita 6.7.
Tana kan babbar hanyar jigilar kayayyaki ta duniya kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren cin abinci na duniya tare da Singapore da Rotterdam.Tashar tashar jiragen ruwa ce cibiyar mai kuma ta kaddamar da shirye-shiryen fadada karfin ajiyar man da kashi 75% nan da shekarar 2022.

Yankin Fujairah Oil Industry Zone (FOIZ) yana arewa da tashar jiragen ruwa na Fujairah kuma yana da karfin ajiyar mitoci cubic miliyan 10 don tace mai. An kafa ta ne don haɓakawa da daidaita masana'antar ruwa a cikin masarautar Fujairah da kuma tallafawa haɓaka da saka hannun jari a fannin. Kamfanoni 18 suna aiki a cikin FOIZ, kuma Kamfanin Trading Aramco ya bude ofishinsa na biyu a ketare a yankin masana'antar mai na Fujairah a shekarar 2019, na farko a Singapore.

## Manazarta
Namukulu

**Namukulu** ɗaya ne daga cikin ƙauyuka goma sha huɗu na Niue.Tare da yawan jama'a 11 (ƙidayar 2017),ita ce ƙauyen mafi ƙanƙanta a tsibirin.Yana da wurin dubawa kusa da **Namukulu Cottages** 

An kafa ƙauyen a cikin 1922 da mutanen da suka ƙaura daga Tuapa.Ya yi bikin cika shekaru ɗari a 2022.

## Geography
Kauyen yana da tazarar kilomita 5 daga Alofi,kuma yana tsakanin kauyukan Tuapa da Hikutavake.Akwai wurin shakatawa guda,Namukulu Cottages & Spa.

## Nassoshi
Sheikh Al-Albani

**Muhammad b. al-Hajj Nuhu b. Nijati b. Adam al-Ishqudri al-Albani al-Arnauti**, wanda aka fi sani da Al-Albani ( an haife shi a watan August 16, 1914 – Albani, 1914 October, 99-99), wanda ya kasance mai yin kallon Islama. musamman wani shahararren malamin hadisin Salafiyya. Babban jigo a tafarkin Salafiyya na Musulunci, ya kafa sunansa a kasar Sham, inda iyalansa suka kaura kuma ya yi karatu tun yana yaro.

Albani bai ba da shawarar tashin hankali ba, yayi fafutuka akan shiru da biyayya ga gwamnatocin da aka kafa. A lokacin. Albani mai yin agogo ta hanyar ciniki, Al-Albani ya kasance mai himma a matsayin marubuci, yana buga firamare akan  da ilimominsa . Ya kuma yi jawabai da yawa a Gabas ta Tsakiya, Spain da Ingila kan harkar Salafiyya.

## Tarihin Rayuwa

### Rayuwar farko
An haifi Sheikh Albani a shekara ta 1914, a cikin iyalin Musulman Albaniya  matalauta a birnin Shkodër, wanda suke magana da yaren Albaniya a cikin yarukkan Gheg . Mahaifinsa ya yi karatun Fiqhu a kasarIstanbul, kuma babban malami ne a mazhabar Hanafiyya a Albaniya.   A lokacin mulkin shugaban Albaniya Ahmet Zogu, kuma saboda Shkodër ya ruguje gaba daya sakamakon harin da Montenegrin ya yi a baya, dangin al-Albani sun yi hijira zuwa Damascus na kasar Siriya. A garin Damascus al-Albani ya kammala karatunsa na firamare a makarantar kyauta ta Al Isaaf da banbance-banbance, kuma saboda ra'ayin mahaifinsa ta mahangar addini, ya kirkiro masa manhajoji mai mayar da hankali kan ilimin addini. Da farko mahaifinsa ya koyar da shi a cikin Alqur'ani, Tajwidi, da Al Nahwah. Ya haddace Alqur'ani, kuma yayi karatun littafai da dama 'Mukhtasar Al Quduri'. Fiqhu na Hanafiyya da sauran rassa na addinin Musulunci, wanda kuma malaman kasar Sham suka taimaka.  A halin yanzu, ya sami rayuwa mai tawali’u a matsayin kafinta kafin ya koma mahaifinsa a matsayin mai yin agogo.

## Manazarta
Karamar Hukumar Tsibirin Arewa

**Karamar Hukumar Tsibirin Arewa** tana daya daga cikin manyan sassan siyasa hudu na Commonwealth na Arewacin Mariana Islands .Ya ƙunshi dogon kirtani na tsibirin arewacin arewacin Marianas, ciki har da(daga arewa zuwa kudu) Farallon de Pajaros,Maug Islands, Asuncion,Agrihan,Pagan,Alamagan, Guguan,Bankin Zealandia,Sarigan, Anatahan,da Farallon de Medinilla . Jimillar filayen tsibiran,gami da tsibirai da duwatsu na bakin teku,154.755 ne.&nbsp;km² (59.75 sq mi).

## Yawan jama'a
Ya zuwa ƙidayar jama'a a shekarar 2010, an ba da rahoton cewa gundumar ba ta zama ba.An san Maguzawa da Agrihan suna da yawan al'umma na yanayi. Yawancin mazauna tsibirin Arewa suna da gidajen zama na biyu akan Saipan saboda tattalin arziki,ilimi ko wasu buƙatu.An kuma kwashe wasu tsibiran saboda ayyukan aman wuta kamar na Anatahan (2003)da Pagan(farkon 1980s).

Ofishin magajin gari da gwamnatin gundumomi,bisa ga al'ada a ƙauyen Shomushon a kan Pagan,yanzu yana "cikin gudun hijira"a Saipan.A shekarar 2005 an samu kuri'u 99 da aka kada a karamar hukumar.Ga Majalisar Wakilai ta NMI,an haɗa masu jefa ƙuri'a a Tsibirin Arewa tare da ɗayan gundumomin Saipan.

## Sufuri da sadarwa
Yawancin tsibiran Arewa ana iya isarsu ta jirgin ruwa ne kawai,sai dai filin jirgin sama da ke hidimar Pagan.Babu wutar lantarki ko tsarin tarho,kuma mazauna sun dogara da janareta don samun wutar lantarki da rediyo don sadarwa.

## Tattalin Arziki
Noma da kamun kifi sune ainihin ayyukan tattalin arziki kawai,kodayake akan ma'adinan ma'adinai na Pagan ya zama ƙaramin masana'antu bayan fashewar volcanic a farkon shekarun 1980.

## Ilimi
A baya Commonwealth na Tsarin Makarantun Jama'a na Tsibirin Mariana na Arewacin Mariana yana gudanar da makarantar firamare akan Pagan kafin fashewar 1981.A 1977 makarantar tana da ɗalibai 13.Dalibai daga Maguzawa suna zuwa makarantar sakandare sun yi haka a Saipan.

## Manazarta


* Tsibirin Mariana na Arewa da gundumomi, Ofishin Kididdiga na Amurka
* Pascal Horst Lehne da Christoph Gäbler: ''Über mutu Marianen.'' Lehne-Verlag, Wohldorf a Jamus 1972.

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Shafin hukuma na Tsibirin Arewa
Tavai, Wallis and Futuna

**Tavai** ƙauye ne a Wallis da Futuna. Tana cikin gundumar Sigave a arewa maso yammacin gabar tekun Futuna. Yawanta bisa ga ƙidayar 2018 mutane 160 ne.  

## Nassoshi