Bruce Kovner

**Bruce Stanley Kovner** (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 1945) wani hamshakin attajiri ne kuma mai taimakon jama'a na Amurka. Shi ne shugaban CAM Capital, wanda ya kafa a watan Janairun 2012 don gudanar da jarinsa, ciniki da ayyukan kasuwanci. Daga 1983 zuwa 2011, Kovner shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban Caxton Associates, wani kamfanin kasuwanci mai bambancin ra'ayi.  Ya zuwa watan Afrilun 2024, an kiyasta cewa dukiyarsa ta kai dala biliyan 7.7. 

Kovner shine shugaban Makarantar Juilliard   kuma mataimakin shugaban Cibiyar Lincoln don Fasaha .  Yana cikin kwamitin gudanarwa na Metropolitan Opera,  da Cibiyar Kasuwancin Amurka . 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Bruce Stanley Kovner a gundumar Brooklyn da ke birnin New York ga iyayensa Yahudawa Isidore Kovner, injiniya wanda ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa na ɗan lokaci, da matarsa, Sophie.  Kovner ya yi shekarunsa na farko a sashen Borough Park na Brooklyn tare da iyayensa da 'yan uwansa uku kafin dangin suka ƙaura zuwa birnin Los Angeles a shekarar 1953.    Tun da farko, ya kasance babban mai nasara, ya zama ƙwararren Malami . Ya kasance shugaban ɗaliban makarantar sakandare ta Van Nuys yana da shekaru 16, kuma ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando  da kuma mai buga piano. 

Kovner ya fara zuwa Kwalejin Harvard tun daga shekarar 1962, lokacin da mahaifiyarsa ta kashe kanta a gidan danginsa na Van Nuys a shekarar 1965.  Duk da haka, an ɗauke shi ɗalibi nagari kuma abokan karatunsa sun yi masa maraba. Kovner ya zauna a Harvard, yana karatun tattalin arzikin siyasa a Makarantar Gwamnati ta John F. Kennedy, musamman a ƙarƙashin fitaccen malamin ra'ayin mazan jiya Edward C. Banfield .

Kovner bai kammala karatunsa na digirin digirgir ba, amma ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Makarantar Gwamnati ta John F. Kennedy da ke Harvard har zuwa 1970. A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka biyo baya, ya yi ta kokarin neman ilimi daban-daban; ya yi aiki a yakin neman zabe na siyasa, ya yi karatun harpsichord, marubuci ne, kuma direban tasi. A lokacin mulkinsa na ƙarshe, ba da daɗewa ba bayan aurensa da tsohuwar matarsa Sarah Peter, ya gano cinikin kayayyaki .

## Sana'ar saka hannun jari
Ciniki na farko na Kovner ya kasance a shekarar 1977 kan dala 3,000, wanda aka aro daga MasterCard ɗinsa, a cikin kwangilolin gaba na waken soya . Da ya fahimci cewa ya karu zuwa dala 40,000, sai ya ga kwangilar ta faɗi zuwa dala 23,000 kafin ya sayar.  Daga baya ya yi iƙirarin cewa wannan ciniki na farko mai cike da damuwa ya koya masa mahimmancin sarrafa haɗari .

A matsayinsa na ɗan kasuwa a ƙarƙashin Michael Marcus a Commodities Corporation (wanda yanzu ɓangare ne na Goldman Sachs ), an yi zargin ya sami miliyoyin kuɗi kuma ya sami girmamawa sosai a matsayin ɗan kasuwa mai son gaskiya da hankali.  Wannan ya haifar da kafa Caxton Associates, a shekarar 1983, wanda a lokacin da ya kai kololuwar darajarsa ya kai sama da dala biliyan 14 kuma an rufe shi ga sabbin masu zuba jari tun 1992. Kovner ya kasance darektan Synta Pharmaceuticals daga 2002 zuwa 2016.  

A watan Satumba na 2011, Kovner ya sanar da yin ritaya daga mukaminsa na Shugaba a Caxton, wanda Andrew Law ya gaje shi.  

Kovner ya kafa CAM Capital a watan Janairun 2012 domin gudanar da harkokin jarinsa, ciniki, da harkokin kasuwanci. 

## Taimakon agaji da gudummawar siyasa
Kovner ya kafa Gidauniyar Kovner a shekarar 1996 don tallafawa ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ke haɓaka ƙwarewa a fannin fasaha da ilimi, shirye-shiryen kare kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, da kuma nazarin ilimi da bincike waɗanda ke ƙarfafa ƙa'idodin dimokuraɗiyya na Amurka.

Kovner, wanda ya daɗe yana goyon bayan Makarantar Juilliard, ya kasance shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa na Makarantar tun daga shekarar 2001.  A shekarar 2013, Bruce da matarsa, Suzie Kovner, sun bai wa Shirin Kovner Fellowship Program a Juilliard kyautar dala miliyan 60 - mafi girman kyautar da aka bayar sau ɗaya ga makarantar.  A shekarar 2012, Kovner ya ba da gudummawar dala miliyan 20 ga Juilliard don ba wa shirin digiri na biyu na makarantar kyautar tarihi.   Kovner ya kuma ba da gudummawar tarin rubuce-rubucen kiɗa ga Juilliard a shekarar 2006.  Kovner shi ne mataimakin shugaban Cibiyar Lincoln don wasan kwaikwayo da kuma babban mai ba da kuɗi ga sake gina Cibiyar Lincoln. Shi ne kuma babban darektan kwamitin gudanarwa na Metropolitan Opera. Kovner ya kafa kuma shi ne shugaban Gidauniyar Tallafin Makarantun Makaranta, wadda ke ba da tallafin karatu ga matasa marasa galihu a birnin New York.  Ya tallafa wa sauran makarantun haya, kamar Success Academy Charter Schools, inda matarsa Suzie ke aiki a hukumar gudanarwa. 

Kovner ya bayar da gudummawa sosai ga manufofin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya . A watan Janairun 2012 ya bayar da gudummawar kusan dala 500,000 ga Restore our Future, wani kamfanin Super PAC wanda ke tallafawa yakin neman zaben shugaban kasa na Mitt Romney.  Shi ne tsohon shugaban kwamitin amintattu na Cibiyar Kasuwancin Amurka. Abokansa na kud da kud sun hada da tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa Dick Cheney,  Richard Perle da James Q. Wilson . A da, ya kasance mai goyon bayan Cibiyar Manhattan mai ra'ayin mazan jiya kuma ya zuba jari a jaridar The New York Sun ta yau da kullun. Wata takarda da Robert Brulle ya rubuta ta lura cewa gidauniyarsa ta ba da kuɗaɗen ƙungiyoyi masu ra'ayin mazan jiya waɗanda wataƙila sun shiga cikin nazarin sauyin yanayi masu ra'ayin mazan jiya daga 2003 zuwa 2010.  An soki jaridar a cikin *jaridar The Guardian* tunda yawancin ƙungiyoyi a cikin binciken suna da fifiko da yawa, kuma Brulle ba zai iya cewa wane kaso na kuɗi (idan akwai) aka ware wa batutuwan yanayi ba. 

Sauran ayyukan agaji da ya tallafa sun haɗa da Cibiyar Shari'a,  wani kamfanin lauyoyi na kare hakkin jama'a wanda ke mai da hankali kan zaɓin makaranta; Innocence Project  da Centurion Ministries,  waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen hidimar fursunonin da aka yanke wa hukunci ba daidai ba, da kuma Lambda Legal,  wanda ke fafutukar daidaito da haƙƙin jama'a ga al'ummar LGBTQ.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Kovner yana da 'ya'ya uku—ciki har da Rachel Kovner, wata alkali a gundumar tarayya a Brooklyn—kuma ya yi aure sau biyu.  A shekarar 1973, yana da shekaru 28, ya auri mai zane Sarah Peter, a wani bikin Yahudawa a Connecticut. Sun rabu a shekarar 1998.  A shekarar 2007, ya auri Suzie Fairchild, 'yar Robert Fairchild, kuma jikanyar Louis Fairchild wadda ta kafa kamfanin tare da ɗan'uwansa, Edmund Fairchild, wanda ya zama Fairchild Fashion Media, wanda yanzu wani ɓangare ne na Condé Nast Publications .   

Gidansa na Fifth Avenue da ke birnin New York, Willard D. Straight House, yana da ɗaki mai layi biyu da gubar don kariya daga harin bam mai guba, sinadarai, ko ƙazanta.

## Gado da kyaututtuka
A shekarar 2008, an shigar da shi cikin Babban Manajan Asusun Hedge na Institutional Investor's Alpha tare da Alfred Jones, David Swensen, George Soros, Jack Nash, James Simons, Julian Roberston, Kenneth Griffin, Leon Levy, Louis Bacon, Michael Steinhardt, Paul Tudor Jones, Seth Klarman da Steven A. Cohen . 

Kovner memba ne na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka  kuma ya sami digirin girmamawa na Likitancin Jinƙai daga Makarantar Juilliard.   A shekarar 2016 ya ba da kyautar William E. Simon don Jagorancin Jinƙai ta hanyar Taron Masu Taimakon Jinƙai   da kuma Kyautar Alexander Hamilton ta Cibiyar Manhattan. 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin Ma'aikatan Jami'ar Harvard

## Manazarta