Lilia Ann Abron

**Lilia Ann Abron** (an haife ta a ranar 8 ga Maris, 1945  ) ' yar kasuwa ce kuma injiniyan sinadarai ta Amurka.  A shekarar 1972, Abron ta zama mace 'yar Afirka ta farko da ta sami digirin digirgir a fannin injiniyan sinadarai .  

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Abron a Memphis, Tennessee, kuma ita ce ta biyu a cikin 'ya'ya mata huɗu.  An haife ta da wuri, a gida, kuma dole ne innarta ta kai ta asibiti a cikin taksi, domin ba a sami motocin ɗaukar marasa lafiya ga 'yan Afirka a lokacin ba. 

Iyayenta dukkansu malamai ne waɗanda suka halarci Kwalejin LeMoyne (yanzu Kwalejin LeMoyne-Owen) .  Mahaifinta, Ernest Buford Abron, ya samu rauni a lokacin da yake buga ƙwallon ƙafa a kwaleji, don haka bai sami damar yin aiki a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ba . Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ɗaukar kaya na Pullman kuma daga baya ya zama malami. Mahaifiyar Abron, Bernice Wise Abron, mai buga rubutu ce daga Arkansas . Ta rubuta takardu ga Wiley Branton, lauyan kare Little Rock Nine . 

Iyayen Abron mabiya addinin Baptist ne kuma an yi mata baftisma tana da shekaru tara. Ta halarci ƙungiyar 'Yan Mata 'Yan Scouts da kuma ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta ƙarama a cocinta.  

Abron ta halarci makarantar gwamnati kuma an sanya ta a cikin jerin makarantun lissafi da kimiyya. Bayan kammala karatunta a Makarantar Sakandare ta Memphis, ta yanke shawarar yin karatun likitanci.

## Ilimi
Abron ta yi karatu a Kwalejin LeMoyne-Owen . An ba ta tallafin karatu, wanda ta rasa bayan shekarar farko ta karatunta saboda maki ba su da yawa.  Ta sauya daga fannin ilmin halittu zuwa fannin sinadarai.  A shekarar 1966, Abron ta sami digirin farko a fannin sinadarai daga Kwalejin LeMoyne-Owen, tare da fifiko. 

Mai ba Abron shawara a LeMoyne-Owen, Dr. Bueler, ta ba da shawarar ta yi karatun injiniya. Ta kuma yaba wa Dr. Juanita Williamson, Farfesa a Turanci a LeMoyne-Owen kuma ’yar Afirka Ba’amurke, da ya ba ta kwarin gwiwa ta ci gaba da karatu.  An ba ta cikakken tallafin karatu daga Jami'ar Washington da ke St. Louis don yin karatun injiniyan tsafta, wanda Hukumar Lafiya ta Jama'a ta ba da tallafi. Jami'ar Washington ta bambanta da duk wani abu da ta taɓa fuskanta har zuwa wannan lokacin: wannan shine karo na farko da ta fita daga gida, ɗaya daga cikin mata biyu kacal a cikin babban aji na maza fararen fata. Ta kammala karatun digirinta gaba ɗaya cikin watanni goma sha uku kacal, ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu a Injiniyan Muhalli a 1968.   A lokacin da take Jami'ar Washington, Abron ta ƙirƙiro burin yin aiki a fannin ilimi kuma ta sami ƙwarewa ta hanyar yin aiki a dakunan gwaje-gwaje na furofesoshinta. 

Bayan kammala karatunta, Abron ta sami matsala wajen samun aiki a matsayin injiniyan muhalli. Ta yi aiki na tsawon shekara guda a matsayin masanin kimiyyar muhalli a sashen ruwa na birnin Kansas, sannan ta yi aiki na tsawon shekara guda a matsayin mai bincike kan kimiyyar muhalli a Gundumar Tsabtace Muhalli ta Metropolitan da ke Chicago. 

Ta fara karatun digirin digirgir na uku a watan Satumba na shekarar 1968 a sashen injiniyancin gine-gine na Jami'ar Massachusetts ta Amherst, karkashin kulawar Dr. Rolfe Skrimbee. Lokacin da ya koma Jami'ar Iowa, ta ƙaura tare da shi. Duk da haka, Dr. Skrimbree ta bar Jami'ar Iowa kafin Abron ta kammala bincikenta,  don haka ta kammala digirinta a fannin injiniyancin sinadarai a shekarar 1972, a ƙarƙashin kulawar James O. Osburn.  Ita ce mace 'yar Afirka ta farko da aka ba wa digirin digirgir a fannin injiniyancin sinadarai,  kuma ita ce mace ta uku da ta sami digirin digirgir a fannin injiniyancin sinadarai daga Jami'ar Iowa. Takardar karatunta ta mayar da hankali kan reverse osmosis, kuma an yi mata taken: "Hanyar Sufuri a cikin Nailan Fiber Reverse Osmosis Membranes don Cire DDT da Aldrin daga Ruwa".  

## Sana'a
Dr Abron ta kasance mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin injiniyan gine-gine a Jami'ar Jihar Tennessee daga 1971. Ta kuma kasance mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin injiniyan muhalli Jami'ar Vanderbilt daga 1973. A shekarar 1975, ta koma Jami'ar Howard a matsayin mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin injiniyan gine-gine da muhalli, a lokaci guda tana aiki a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Washington (wanda yanzu wani bangare ne na Jami'ar Gundumar Columbia ).

Dr Abron ƙwararren injiniya ce mai rijista, kuma memba ce a Ƙungiyar Muhalli ta Ruwa, Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyi ta Amurka, Ƙungiyar Ayyukan Ruwa ta Amurka, Ƙungiyar Sigma Xi, da Ƙungiyar Mata ta Jami'o'i ta Amurka .   Tana kuma aiki a Hukumar Ba da Shawara kan Injiniyanci ta Gidauniyar Kimiyya ta Ƙasa . 

A shekara ta 2004, an zaɓe ta a matsayin mamba a Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka .  An zaɓe ta a Kwalejin Injiniya ta Ƙasa a shekara ta 2020, saboda "jagoranci wajen samar da gidaje masu ɗorewa da kuma hanyoyin injiniyan muhalli da fasaha ta samar a Amurka da Afirka ta Kudu".  An shigar da ita cikin Tau Beta Pi, reshen DC Alpha a matsayin Fitaccen Injiniya, kuma ita ce Mai Gina Tarihi.

Dr. Abron ta yi jawabi a TED a garinsu na Memphis, Tennessee, game da Shiryawa don Kawar da Talauci a Makamashi a Memphis. 

An sake mayar da Dr Abron zuwa Kwalejin Injiniya ta Ƙasa (NAE) a shekarar 2020.  An ba ta babbar girmamawa - Memba mai daraja, Aji na 2021 - na Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyi na Jama'a ta Amurka (ASCE). Tun daga watan Janairun 2021, ta zama shugabar Kwalejin Injiniyoyi da Masana Kimiyya ta Amurka (AAEES). An shigar da ita Kwalejin Fellow na Cibiyar Injiniya da Halittu ta Amurka (AIMBE) a watan Maris na 2024. &nbsp;

### Masu Ba da Shawara ga PEER, PC
A shekarar 1978, Abron ta kafa kuma ta zama shugaba kuma Shugaba na PEER Consultants, PC     Ita ce Ba’amurke ɗan Afirka ta farko da ta fara kamfanin ba da shawara kan injiniya wanda ya mai da hankali kan batutuwan muhalli da damuwa da suka shafi muhallin zahiri da na ɗan adam.  PEER tana ba da ayyukan injiniya da gudanar da gine-gine, ayyukan kula da muhalli da dorewa, da ayyukan ba da shawara/shawara. 

Da wannan kamfanin ba da shawara, Abron ta yi nasarar tabbatar da cewa ta hanyar aiwatar da ayyuka masu dorewa a sassan duniya da talauci ya yi wa katutu, yanayin rayuwa a can zai iya inganta sosai.  A shekarar 1995, Abron ta kafa PEER Africa Pty. (Ltd.), tare da manufar gina gidaje masu amfani da makamashi a Afirka ta Kudu bayan mulkin wariyar launin fata.  An bai wa Abron kyautar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya saboda aikinta na haɓaka gidaje masu amfani da makamashi mai rahusa.  Kamfanin ya gudanar da ayyuka a duk faɗin Afirka, ciki har da Afirka ta Kudu, Mali, Uganda da Najeriya.

PEER ta gudanar da manyan shirye-shirye na Ruwa, Tsafta da Tsafta (WASH) tare da haɗin gwiwar Shirin Ruwan Wastewater na Black Belt Unincorporated (BBUWP), wata ƙungiya da aka kafa don magance rashin daidaiton samun tsafta a yankunan karkara na Alabama . 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Abron memba ce a ƙungiyar Delta Sigma Theta .  Tana gabatar da jawabai da gabatarwa da suka shafi makamashi da muhalli.   Tana da himma sosai wajen haɓaka ilimin kimiyya, kuma ta hanyar kamfaninta, tana ba da tallafin kuɗi ga mahalarta taron kimiyya. Ana ƙarfafa ma'aikatan PEER su yi aiki tare da ɗalibai a makarantun da ke makwabtaka da su, kuma Abron da kanta tana ba da jagoranci ga ɗaliban. 

Ta ambaci littafin *Silent Spring* na Rachel Carson a matsayin abin ƙarfafa gwiwa ga shiga cikin ƙungiyar kare muhalli. 

Abron Kirista ce wadda ta fara aikinta na shekaru uku a matsayin diakoni a Cocin Baptist na Farko na Birnin Washington, DC a ranar 17 ga Yuni, 2018.  Ta taɓa yin aiki a matsayin shugabar reshen Jack da Jill na Washington, DC, na Amurka.  Tana kuma buga ƙararrawa a cikin ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta cocin Angelus.  

Abron yana da 'ya'ya maza uku da jikoki shida, ɗaya daga cikinsu jika ce kawai.   

## Daraja

* Kyautar William W. Grimes don ƙwarewa a fannin injiniyancin sinadarai daga Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Sinadarai ta Amurka, 1993 
* Shiga Kwalejin Injiniya Mai Daraja ta Tsoffin Ɗaliban Jami'a a Jami'ar Iowa, 1996 
* An ba da lambar yabo ta Hancher-Finkbine Tsoffin Dalibai daga Ƙungiyar Finkbine ta Jami'ar Iowa, saboda ilmantarwa, jagoranci da kuma biyayya ga jami'ar, 1999  
* Shigar da ɗalibai zuwa Ɗakin Shahararrun Tsoffin Ɗaliban Kwalejin Baƙaƙe ta Ƙasa, 1999 
* Kyautar Magic Hands daga Kwalejin LeMoyne-Owen, Mayu 2001 
* Kyautar Nasarar Tsoffin Dalibai, Makarantar Injiniya da Kimiyyar Aiwatarwa ta Jami'ar Washington, 2001 
* Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka, 2004  
* Nasara Mai Kyau Daga Kwalejin Injiniya da Masana Kimiyya ta Muhalli ta Amurka, 2012 

## Manazarta