Kim Campbell

Afrilu Phaedra Douglas "Kim" Campbell (an haife ta a ranar 10 ga Maris, 1947) 'yar siyasar Kanada ce wacce ta kasance Firayim Minista na 19 na Kanada daga Yuni zuwa Nuwamban shekarar 1993. Campbell ita ce Firayim Minista ta farko kuma ita kaɗai ce mace a Kanada. Kafin ta zama Firayim Minista na karshe na Progressive Conservative (PC), ita ce kuma mace ta farko da ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministan shari'a a tarihin Kanada kuma mace ta fara zama Ministan Tsaro a cikin memba na NATO.[1]

An fara zabar Campbell a Majalisar Dokokin British Columbia a matsayin memba na Jam'iyyar Social Credit Party ta British Columbia a shekarar 1986 kafin a zabe shi a Majalisar Dokoki ta Kanada a matsayin PC a shekarar 1988. A karkashin Firayim Minista Brian Mulroney, ta rike mukamai da yawa na majalisa ciki har da Ministan shari'a da babban lauya, Ministan Harkokin Tsohon Sojoji da Ministan Tsaro na Kasa daga 1990 zuwa 1993. Campbell ya zama sabon Firayim Minista a watan Yunin 1993 bayan Mulroney ya yi murabus bayan raguwar shahara. A cikin Zaben tarayya na Kanada na 1993 a watan Oktoba na wannan shekarar, an kashe 'yan Conservative, sun rasa dukkan kujeru sai dai biyu daga mafi rinjaye na baya, tare da Campbell ta rasa nata. Matsayinta na kwanaki 132 shine na uku mafi ƙanƙanta a tarihin Kanada. 

Campbell kuma shine jariri na farko da ya rike mukamin, da kuma Firayim Minista daya tilo da aka haifa a British Columbia. Ta kasance shugabar kwamitin ba da shawara na Kotun Koli ta Kanada.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Campbell a Port Alberni, British Columbia, 'yar Phyllis "Lissa" Margaret (née Cook; 1923-2013) da George Thomas Campbell (1920-2002), lauya wanda ya yi aiki tare da Seaforth Highlanders na Kanada a Italiya. An haifi mahaifinta ne a Montreal, ga iyayen Scotland daga Glasgow.

Yayinda take cikin shekarunta, Campbell da iyalinta sun koma Vancouver. Campbell na ɗaya daga cikin masu karɓar bakuncin biyar da manema labarai a shirin yara na CBC Junior Television Club, wanda aka watsa a watan Mayu da Yuni na shekara ta 1957. 

Mahaifiyarta ta tafi lokacin da Campbell ke da shekaru 12, ta bar Kim da 'yar'uwarta Alix su kasance ta wurin mahaifin su. Yayinda take matashiya, Campbell ta ba kanta lakabi da Kim. A Vancouver, Campbell ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Prince of Wales kuma ta kasance babban ɗalibi. Ta zama shugabar dalibai ta farko a makarantar, kuma ta kammala a shekarar 1964.

## Jami'a da farkon aiki
Campbell ta sami digirin girmamawa na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar British Columbia, inda ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1969. Ta kasance mai himma a gwamnatin ɗalibai kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar mata ta farko a makarantar ajin farko. Daga nan ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu a wannan makarantar, don cancantar karatun digiri na uku. [ba a fayyace ba] Campbell ta shiga Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London a shekarar 1970 don yin karatu don samun digiri na uku a gwamnatin Soviet kuma ta shafe watanni uku tana yawon shakatawa a Tarayyar Soviet daga Afrilu zuwa Yuni 1972. Ta shafe shekaru da yawa tana nazarin harshen Rashanci kuma ta yi ikirarin cewa tana da ƙwarewa sosai,[1] kodayake lokacin da wani ɗan jarida ya nemi ta yi wa Boris Yeltsin wasu kalmomi na maraba a lokacin ziyararsa zuwa Kanada a 1993, ba za ta iya ba kuma za ta iya cewa "Sannu Mr. Yeltsin" ne kawai.[2] Campbell a ƙarshe ta bar karatun digiri na uku, ta koma zaune a Vancouver bayan ta auri Nathan Divinsky, abokin aikinta na dogon lokaci, a 1972. Ta sami digiri na LL.B. daga Jami'ar British Columbia a shekarar 1983. An kira ta zuwa Lauyan British Columbia a shekarar 1984, kuma ta yi aikin lauya a Vancouver har zuwa shekarar 1986.

## Iyali da farkon aikin siyasa
A lokacin aurenta da Divinsky, Campbell ta ba da lacca na ɗan lokaci a kimiyyar siyasa a Jami'ar British Columbia da kuma Kwalejin Jama'a ta Vancouver. Yayinda take halartar makarantar shari'a, ta shiga siyasa a matsayin mai kula da Hukumar Makarantar Vancouver, ta zama, a 1983, shugaban wannan kwamitin kuma ta yi aiki a 1984 a matsayin mataimakin shugabanta. Ta taɓa yi iƙirarin cewa ta gaya wa hukumar ta "daidaita", kodayake wasu sun yi zargin cewa ta ce "ta yi watsi da ita". Gabaɗaya, ta kasance mai kula da ita daga 1980 zuwa 1984. Campbell da Divinsky sun sake aure a 1983, kuma Campbell ta auri Howard Eddy a 1986, auren da ya kasance har zuwa jim kadan kafin ta zama Firayim Minista. Campbell shine Firayim Minista na biyu na Kanada da aka sake shi, bayan Pierre Trudeau .

Ta ɗan yi jima'i da Gregory Lekhtman, wanda ya kirkiro Exerlopers, a lokacin da take Firayim Minista, amma dangantakar ta kasance mai zaman kanta kuma ba ta haɗa shi cikin yakin neman zabe na 1993 ba.

A halin yanzu ta auri Hershey Felder, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, mawaƙi, kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na kide-kide. Ya zuwa 2022, ta zauna a wajen Florence, Italiya.

## Siyasa ta lardin

### Ƙoƙarin da aka yi wa majalisar dokoki
A cikin Zaben lardin British Columbia na 1983, Campbell da magajin garin Vancouver na gaba Philip Owen sun yi hamayya da gundumar zaɓe mai mambobi biyu na Cibiyar Vancouver a matsayin 'yan takarar jam'iyyar British Columbia Social Credit Party. Sun yi hasara sosai, kowannensu ya sami kasa da kuri'u 12,500 a kan kusan kuri'u 19,000 na kowane daga cikin masu mulki na NDP, tsohon ministan NDP Gary Lauk da kuma mai magana da yawun nan gaba Emery Barnes.