Priscilla Cooper Tyler

Elizabeth Priscilla Cooper Tyler (14 ga Yuni, 1816 - 29 ga Disamba, 1889) ita ce mai masaukin baki a Fadar White House kuma uwargidan shugaban Amurka daga 1841 zuwa 1844. Ta kasance surukar shugaban ƙasa na wancan lokacin John Tyler ta hanyar aurenta da ɗansa Robert Tyler . Ta ɗauki nauyin matar shugaban ƙasa a farkon gwamnatin Tyler, tana aiki a madadin surukarta, matar shugaban ƙasa Letitia Christian Tyler, wacce ba ta da lafiya sosai don ta yi hakan da kanta. Bayan mutuwar Letitia Tyler a watan Satumba na 1842, Priscilla Tyler ta kasance matar shugaban ƙasa, tana kula da harkokin zamantakewa a Fadar White House.

A da Tyler ba ta yi nasara ba a harkar fim. Aurenta ya sanya ta cikin rayuwar siyasa ta dangin Tyler. Daidaita hasken ƙasa da sabuwar uwa, Tyler ta shahara sosai a matsayin mai masaukin baki kuma an san ta a matsayin abin da ya fi jan hankali a cikin abin da shugabanci ke kawo cece-kuce. Ta gudanar da liyafa da dama, cin abincin dare, da sauran abubuwan da suka faru a kowane mako, wani lokacin kuma yana kawo mata gajiya. Tyler ta bar Fadar White House yayin da shugaban ƙasa ke shirin sake aure, kuma ta zauna a Philadelphia. Ta goyi bayan ƙasashen Confederate na Amurka a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Amurka, Tyler da mijinta sun ƙaura zuwa Kudancin Amurka . Tyler ta zauna cikin duhu a Montgomery, Alabama, har zuwa mutuwarta a 1889.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Elizabeth Priscilla Cooper  a ranar 14 ga Yuni, 1816, a birnin New York,  ta uku cikin 'ya'yan tara da iyayenta suka haifa.  : 124 Mahaifinta, Thomas Abthorpe Cooper, ya kasance jarumi kuma furodusa mai nasara. Mahaifiyarta, Mary Fairlie Cooper, ' yar asalin New York ce.  Iyayenta suna da bambancin zamantakewa, inda auren ya haifar da tashin hankali a tsakanin dangin mahaifiyarta.  : 124 Kakan Cooper na wajen uwa, James Fairlie, tsohon soja ne na Yaƙin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka . 

Mahaifiyar Cooper ta mutu a shekara ta 1833, kuma yadda mahaifinta ke tafiyar da kuɗi ya haifar da matsalolin kuɗi ga iyalin,  musamman saboda cacarsa.  : 124 Ta fara aiki a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo tana da shekaru 17  lokacin da ta fito a cikin fim ɗin  tare da mahaifinta.  Ba a yi maraba da shi sosai ba.  : 124 Ta yi aiki tare da mahaifinta daga 1835 zuwa 1838,  : 389 tafiya Gabashin Tekun don yin wasanni daban-daban.  : 124 Iyalan Cooper sun kasance cikin wadata har zuwa lokacin da aka fara tashin hankali a shekarar 1837,  wanda ya jefa iyalin cikin talauci.   : 113 

A lokacin da take taka rawar Desdemona a wani shiri na *Othello* a Richmond, Virginia, ta haɗu da Robert Tyler, babban ɗan attajirin mai gonar kuma tsohon Sanata John Tyler na Amurka.   : 113 Wani labari ya nuna cewa bayan ta hau kan dandamali, sai ta ɗauke shi har ya tsaya cak bayan sauran masu sauraro sun zauna.   : 125 Sun fara soyayya lokacin da ya koma bayan dandamali don ya sadu da ita nan da nan bayan wasan kwaikwayo. A ƙarni na 19 a Amurka, 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ba su da wani matsayi a cikin al'umma, kuma ƙarin matsalolin kuɗi na Coopers ya zama kamar yana da alaƙa da rashin daidaituwa tsakanin su biyun.  Duk da haka, Tyler ya nemi shawararta sau shida a cikin lokacin soyayyarsu kafin daga baya su yi aure.  : 125 

## Aure
Cooper ya auri Tyler a Bristol, Virginia,  : 125 a ranar 12 ga Satumba, 1839.  : 389 Bayan aurensu, ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Williamsburg, Virginia, don zama tare da iyalan Robert. John da Letitia Christian Tyler sun yi mata maraba cikin farin ciki cikin dangin Tyler. Priscilla Tyler ta ƙara kusantar surukinta. Har ma ya bar ta ta buɗe asusu a kowace shago a Williamsburg, amma ta daina karɓar irin waɗannan tagomashi daga Tylers lokacin da ta fahimci cewa sun fi talauci fiye da yadda suke a da.  Ta kuma kasance kusa da surukarta, Letitia Tyler,  : 59 waɗanda suka nuna matuƙar farin ciki da ra'ayin aurensu.  : 113 Duk da wannan abota, Tyler ta ji kamar ta yi zaman banza da surukanta, tana cikin damuwa cewa hakan zai hana mijinta kafa sana'arsa.  Ta yi ƙoƙarin taimaka masa da aikin lauya mai tasowa ta hanyar taimaka masa shirya jawabai da kayan shari'a.  : 125 

Mahaifin Priscilla bai gamsu da auren ba, domin yana da aminci ga Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma yana adawa da Jam'iyyar Whig da John Tyler ke wakilta.  : 126 John Tyler shine ɗan takarar da ya yi nasara a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Amurka a zaɓen 1840. Priscilla Tyler ta yi fatan wannan zai kawo ƙarshen ikon da ya yi wa Robert kuma zai kawo mata 'yancin kai da mijinta. Bayan mutuwar ba zato ba tsammani Shugaba William Henry Harrison wata guda bayan wa'adin mulkinsa, John Tyler ya zama Shugaban Amurka, kuma ta raka iyalan Tyler zuwa Washington, DC 

## Mai masaukin baki a Fadar White House

### Daukar nauyin
A lokacin da John Tyler ya hau kujerar shugaban ƙasa a shekarar 1841, matarsa Letitia ba ta da ƙoshin lafiya don yin aiki a matsayin mai masaukin baki a Fadar White House, don haka aka miƙa alhakin ga Priscilla Tyler.  : 60  Tana da shekaru 25 kacal, an ɗauke ta a matsayin ƙuruciya a matsayin fa'ida,  kuma gogewarta a fannin nishaɗi ta taimaka mata a wannan matsayin.   : 114 Ta yi farin ciki da damar da ta samu na karɓar bakuncin taron a Fadar White House.  A lokuta da dama, ta nuna mamakinta game da yadda take jagorantar Fadar White House kuma ta yi wa abokanta alfahari game da rawar da ta taka. 

A matsayinta na mai masaukin baki, Tyler ta sami karbuwa sosai a tsakanin yawancin mutanen zamaninta, a Amurka da kuma ƙasashen waje.   Ta yi aiki tare da tsohuwar uwargidan shugaban ƙasa Dolley Madison da Sakataren Harkokin Waje Daniel Webster don shirya mata aiki sosai.  : 389 Tyler ba ta son yadda ake mayar da saƙonnin sada zumunta, amma ta yi hakan ne bisa shawarar Madison, tana yin abin da ta bayyana a matsayin "kwana uku a mako... awanni uku a rana tana tuƙi daga wannan titi zuwa wancan a cikin wannan birni mai nisa mai ban mamaki".  : 389 Kalubalen da ke tattare da rawar da Tyler ke takawa ya ƙaru ne saboda kasancewarta sabuwar uwa. An haifi ɗanta na fari watanni kaɗan kafin ta isa Fadar White House, kuma ta haifi ɗanta na biyu a lokacin da take kan mulki. 

Yayin da aka tura ta cikin wannan matsayi ba zato ba tsammani, an tilasta mata koyon yadda za ta tafiyar da rayuwar zamantakewa ta Washington duk da karuwar rarrabuwar kawuna a siyasance .  Wannan rarrabuwar kawuna ya ƙara wa muhimmancin rawar da Tyler ke takawa ne kawai, yayin da yadda take tafiyar da harkokin zamantakewa a Fadar White House ke aiki don magance abin da ya kasance wani lokaci na ƙiyayya mai tsanani. Ƙarfin da ta ƙirƙira a Fadar White House ya bai wa shugaban ƙasa fa'idodi na siyasa, wanda hakan ya ba shi damar yin nazari da mu'amala da manyan mutane a Washington a faɗin fagen siyasa. Har ma manyan masu sukar shugaban sun yi magana mai kyau game da yanayin zamantakewa na Fadar White House. 

A watan Satumba na shekarar 1842, lafiyar Letitia Tyler ta ragu sosai, kuma a bayyane take cewa za ta mutu. Priscilla Tyler tana New York a lokacin. Robert ya yi gaggawa zuwa New York don mayar da Priscilla zuwa Fadar White House, amma ba su iso ba sai bayan mutuwar Letitia.  : 115 Matsayin Tyler a matsayin mai maye gurbin ko "wakili" mai masaukin baki ya nuna wani abu da ya zama ruwan dare a shekarun baya, inda 'yan uwa mata matasa ke tsayawa a madadin matan shugabanni. Saboda rawar da ta taka a Fadar White House, musamman lokacin da Tyler ke matsayin matar shugaban ƙasa mai maye gurbin ya fi bayyana a cikin nazarin tarihi fiye da na Letitia Tyler. 

### Bukukuwan zamantakewa
Tyler ta shirya taronta na farko wata guda bayan rasuwar surukinta. Aikinta na farko a matsayin uwargidan shugaban ƙasa yana da matuƙar muhimmanci, domin yana wakiltar komawa ga al'ada bayan mutuwar Harrison. Mafi mahimmanci, shine ta saita yanayin sabon shugaban ƙasa wanda mutane da yawa suka ƙalubalanci a matsayin haramtacciyar doka, domin kundin tsarin mulki bai ba da wata jagora ga maye gurbin shugaban ƙasa a lokacin ba.  Matsin lambar shirya irin wannan taron, tare da damuwar kula da jaririnta na fari da kuma ɗaukar ciki da na biyu, ya sa ta suma yayin da ake ba da kayan zaki.  : 174–175 Bayan da Sakataren Harkokin Waje Daniel Webster, wanda aka san shi da lalata, ya kama shi ya tafi da shi, mijinta ya jawo hankali ga wurin ta hanyar bin su da kuma zubar da kwalbar ruwa a kansu.  Ba a sake maimaita lamarin ba har tsawon lokacin da ta shafe tana mulki, kuma duk abubuwan da suka faru a cikinta sun ci gaba da faruwa ba tare da katsewa ba.  : 175 

Tyler ta tabbatar da cewa ana gudanar da tarurrukan zamantakewa akai-akai a Fadar White House yayin da ita ce ke da alhakin shiryawa. Ta gudanar da ƙananan liyafar cin abinci sau biyu a mako yayin da Majalisa ke zaman taro;  ɗaya ga baƙi zuwa birnin, ɗaya kuma ga jami'an gwamnati.  : 389  : 114 Ta kuma yi liyafar jama'a a kowane mako biyu, da kuma manyan liyafa tare da kusan baƙi dubu ɗaya a kowane wata.  : 114  Tyler ta zama matar shugaban ƙasa ta farko da ta yi tafiya tare da jam'iyyar shugaban ƙasa a watan Yunin 1843, lokacin da ta raka shugaban ƙasa zuwa Boston don keɓewa ga Bunker Hill Monument. 

A watan Maris na shekarar 1842, lokacin da yake da ciki na watanni bakwai, Tyler ne ke da alhakin shirya wani biki don girmama Washington Irving da Charles Dickens,  wani lokaci da ya jawo mutane kusan 3,000 zuwa Fadar White House.  Wani tasiri da Tyler ya yi wa Washington shi ne gabatar da kade-kade da kungiyar mawakan ruwan Amurka ta yi a filin kudu na Fadar White House.  A farkon shekarar 1843, an bai wa Tyler ikon kula da Fadar White House yayin da shugaban kasar ya ziyarci Virginia. A wannan lokacin, Henri Gatien Bertrand ya nemi a kai shi Fadar White House, kuma Tyler ta ga kanta tana karbar bakuncinsa da gargadin awa daya kacal. Babu wanda ya yi shakkar ikonta lokacin da ta kira dukkan majalisar ministocin shugaban kasa don gaishe da Bertrand ta kuma shirya masa abincin dare don girmama shi. Daga nan Tyler ya shawo kansa ya dawo bayan kwana biyu domin ta shirya biki don girmama shi. Wannan wani abu ne da ya shafe shi sosai. 

## Daga baya rayuwa da mutuwa
Robert da Priscilla Tyler sun bar Fadar White House zuwa Philadelphia a watan Maris na 1844, suna sane da cewa Julia Gardiner ta shirya auren shugaban ƙasa ta zama sabuwar mai masaukin baki a Fadar White House.  'Yar Shugaba Tyler, Letitia Tyler-Semple, ta ziyarci harkokin zamantakewa na Fadar White House har zuwa lokacin daurin auren.  : 389–390 Bayan sun bar Fadar White House, Tylers sun ƙaura zuwa Philadelphia inda Robert Tyler ya fara aikin lauya. Robert ya koma Washington na ɗan lokaci don taimaka wa mahaifinsa a wani yunƙuri na sake zaɓe, wanda Priscilla ta ɗauka a matsayin "katsewa" a rayuwarsu. Tare da Robert da Priscilla Tyler suna da 'ya'ya tara, shida ne kawai daga cikinsu za su rayu har zuwa lokacin girma.  Ci gaban aikin Robert ya ba su damar samun lokacin jin daɗin kuɗi,  : 318–319 kuma sun zauna a Philadelphia har zuwa farkon Yaƙin Basasa na Amurka . Lokacin da Yaƙin Basasa ya ɓarke a 1861, Tylers sun ƙaura zuwa Virginia, inda Robert ya kasance mai rijistar Baitulmalin Tarayya. 

Bayan yaƙin, Robert ya zama editan jaridar *Mail and Advertiser* a Montgomery, Alabama .  Tyler bai so Montgomery ba saboda yawan jama'ar Baƙar fata, kuma Tylers sun shiga cikin siyasar Democrat don tilasta wa fararen fata rinjaye a Alabama.  : 517 Iyalin sun sha wahala a fannin kuɗi har tsawon rayuwarsu.  Tyler ta zauna a Montgomery bayan mutuwar mijinta a 1877, ta ci gaba da zama a can har zuwa mutuwarta a ranar 29 ga Disamba, 1889.  Takardun sirri na iyalan Tyler, gami da na Priscilla Cooper Tyler, suna hannun Cibiyar Bincike ta Musamman ta Tarin Kaya a Kwalejin William da Mary . 

## Manazarta