open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Chi. Guru Dutt

Chitnahalli Guru Dutt ɗan wasan Indiya ne wanda ya fi mayar da hankali kan fina-finan Kannada tare da ƴan fina-finan Tamil.  Shi dan Chi ne.  Udaya Shankar.

## Ayyuka
Ya fara bugawa tare da Shivrajkumar a fim din Kannada *Anand* (1986). K. Balachander ne ya kaddamar da shi a cikin Tamil tare da Pudhu Arthangal (1989). Babban bayyanarsa ta Tamil ya kasance a cikin fim mai ban tsoro *Kalaignan* (1993) a gaban Kamal Haasan a matsayin likitan psychopath. Ya yi aiki a cikin fina-finai kusan 100 da aka shirya 4 kuma ya samar da 3. 

## Hotunan fina-finai

### Mai wasan kwaikwayo

; Kannada

**[[Anand (1986 film)|Anand]]* (1986)
**[[Samyuktha]]* (1988)
**[[Inspector Vikram (1989 film)|Inspector Vikram]]* (1989)
**[[Kitturina Huli]]*  (1991)
**[[Aralida Hoovugalu]]* (1991)
**[[Halli Rambhe Belli Bombe]]* (1991)
**[[Belli Kalungura]]* (1992)
**[[Nagaradalli Nayakaru]]* (1992)
**[[Mannina Doni]]* (1992)
**[[Jeevana Chaitra]]* (1992)
**[[Ananda Jyothi]]* (1993)
**[[Chirabandhavya]]* (1993)
**[[Jaga Mechida Huduga]]* (1993)
**[[Kalavida]]* (1997)
**Goonda Matthu Police* (1998)
**[[Shabdavedhi (film)|Shabdavedhi]]* (2000)
**[[Soorappa]]* (2000)
**[[Usire (film)|Usire]]* (2001)
**[[Kotigobba]]* (2001)
**[[Raja Narasimha]]* (2003)
**[[Kadamba (2004 film)|Kadamba]]* (2004)
**[[Nija]]* (2004)
**[[Magic Ajji]]* (2005)
**[[Uppi Dada M.B.B.S.]]* (2006)
**[[Jeeva (2009 film)|Jeeva]]* (2009)
**[[Circus (2009 film)|Circus]]* (2009)
**[[Bombat (2008 film)|Bombat]]* (2009)
**[[Mukhaputa]]* (2009)
**[[Minugu]]* (2010)
**[[Shankar IPS]]* (2010)
**[[Vinayaka Geleyara Balaga]]* (2011)
**[[Edegarike]]*(2012)
**[[Bharath Stores]]* (2012)
**[[Shiva (2012 film)|Shiva]]* (2012)
**[[Breaking News (2012 film)|Breaking News]]* (2012)
**[[Whistle (2013 film)|Whistle]]* (2013)
**[[Belli (film)|Belli]]* (2014)
**[[...Re (film)|...Re]]* (2016)
**[[Mass Leader]]*(2017)
**[[Srikanta (film)|Srikanta]]* (2017)
**[[Chakravarthy (2017 film)|Chakravarthy]]* (2017)
* *[[Gimmick (film)|Gimmick]]* (2019)

* *Yuvarathnaa* (2021) 

; Tamil

* *Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal* (1989) 
* *Varavu Nalla Uravu* (1990) 
* *Ennarukil Nee Irunthal* (1991) 
* *Kalaignan* (1993) 
* *A cikin Uyir Nee Thaane* (1998) 
* *Ponnu Veetukkaran* (1999) 
* Appu (2000) 

### Daraktan

* *Samara* (1995) 
* *Dattha* (2006) 
* *Kaamannana Makkalu* (2008) 
* *Kiccha Huccha* (2010) 
* *Aryan* (2014) 

## Talabijin

## Haɗin waje

* 
* Bayanan sirri na Chi Guru Dutt  An adana shi
Zaɓen gwamnan jihar Abia, 1999

An gudanar da **zaben gwamnan jihar Abia a shekarar 1999** a Najeriya ranar 9 ga watan Junairu, 1999. Dan takarar jam'iyyar PDP Orji Uzor Kalu ya lashe zaben inda ya doke dan takarar jam'iyyar APP.

Orji Uzor Kalu ya lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar PDP. Abokin takararsa shine Eyinnaya Abaribe.

## Tsarin zabe
An zabi Gwamnan Jihar Abia ne ta hanyar amfani da tsarin kada kuri’a.

## Sakamako
Orji Uzor Kalu na PDP ne ya zama zakara a takarar.

Adadin wadanda suka yi rijista a jihar domin zaben ya kai 1,321,895. Sai dai a baya 1,321,400 ne aka bayar da katunan zabe a jihar.

## Manazarta
Varronia globosa

Varronia globosa shine tsire-tsire na furanni.  Itace mai tsiro mai tsiro, ɗan ɗan gajeren lokaci ne. An lissafa shi a cikin haɗari a Florida. Yana da fararen furanni da ja berries.

A cikin shekara na 1807, Philip Miller ya bayyana shi a matsayin varronia mai ƙwanƙwasawa.

IwA shekara ta 1974, an tattara samfurin da aka gudanar a Smithsonian daga Arewa maso gabashin Brazil. 

## Manazarta
Zaben gwamna na Jihar Yobe na 1991

An gudanar da zaben gwamnan jihar Yobe a shekarar 1991 a ranar 14 ga watan Disamba, 1991. Dan takarar jam'iyyar SDP Bukar Ibrahim ya lashe zaben inda ya doke NRC Sadiq Maina..

## Halin da ake yi
An gudanar da zaben gwamna ta amfani da tsarin zabe mai budewa. An gudanar da zaben fidda gwani ga jam'iyyun biyu don zabar masu ɗaukar tutar su a ranar 19 ga Oktoba, 1991. 

Zaben ya faru ne a ranar 14 ga Disamba, 1991. Dan takarar SDP Bukar Ibrahim ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke NRC Sadiq Maina . Bukar Ibrahim ya samu kuri'u 127,935, yayin da Sadiq Maina ya samu kuriʼu 104,542.   

## Manazarta
Ukulele (ƙungiyar Taiwan)

**Ukulele** ( Sinanci na al'ada: 優客李林; Sauƙaƙan Sinanci: 优客李林; pinyin: Yōukè Lǐlín) wani pop na Taiwan ne wanda ya kafa a 1991 kuma ya watse a 1996. Ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi Lee Chi da Terry Lin.  Sun fara halartan farko tare da kundi na Confession (認錯) a cikin 1991, kuma sun buga kundi na studio guda 6, kundi na tara har sai an watse a 1996, sannan sun buga kundi guda 2.  A shekara ta 2006, sun yi kida na farko kuma tilo a Taipei, Taiwan.

## Bayanan da aka yi

### Kundin studio

### Kundin da aka tara

## Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa

## Manazarta
Zaɓen gwamnan jihar Anambra, 1999

An gudanar da **zaben gwamnan jihar Anambra a shekarar 1999** a Najeriya ranar 9 ga watan Junairu, 1999. Dan takarar jam'iyyar PDP Chinwoke Mbadinuju ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke ABC Nwosu, dan takarar jam'iyyar APP.

Chinwoke Mbadinuju ne ya yi nasara a zaben fidda gwani na gwamna na jam'iyyar PDP. Abokin takararsa shine Chinedu Emeka.

## Tsarin zabe
An zabi Gwamnan Jihar Anambra ne ta hanyar amfani da tsarin kada kuri’a.

## Sakamako
Chinwoke Mbadinuju na PDP ne ya yi nasara a takarar.

Jimillar wadanda suka yi rajista a jihar sun kai 2,221,384. Sai dai a baya an bayar da katunan zabe 2,249,600 a jihar.

## Manazarta
Zaben Majalisar Dattijai na Najeriya na 1992 a Jihar Kogi

An gudanar da zaben Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya na 1992 a Jihar Kogi a ranar 4 ga Yuli, 1992, don zabar mambobin Majalisar Dattijan Najeriya don wakiltar Jihar Kog. Ahmed Tijani Ahmed wanda ke wakiltar Kogi ta Tsakiya, Sunday Awoniyi wanda ke wakilcin Kogi West da Ahmadu Ali wanda ke wakil da Kogi East duk sun ci nasara a dandalin Yarjejeniyar Jamhuriyar Republican ta Kasa.

## Sakamakon

### Kogi ta Tsakiya
Ahmed Tijani Ahmed na Yarjejeniyar Jamhuriyar Republican ta Kasa ne ya lashe zaben.

### Kogi Yamma
Sunday Awoniyi na Yarjejeniyar Jamhuriyar Republican ta lashe zaben.

### Kogi Gabas
Ahmadu Ali na Yarjejeniyar Jamhuriyar Republican ta Kasa ne ya lashe zaben.
Zaben Majalisar Dattijai na Najeriya na 1992 a Jihar Legas

An gudanar da zaben ‘yan majalisar dattawan Najeriya na shekarar 1992 a jihar Legas a ranar 4 ga Yuli, 1992, domin zaben ‘yan majalisar dattawan Najeriya da za su wakilci jihar Legas. Kofoworola Bucknor mai wakiltar Legas ta tsakiya, Bola Tinubu mai wakiltar Legas ta Yamma da Anthony Adefuye mai wakiltar Legas ta Gabas duk sun yi nasara a jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party.

## Sakamako

### Legas ta tsakiya
Kofoworola Bucknor na jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.

### Legas ta yamma
Bola Tinubu na jam’iyyar Social Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.

### Legas ta gabas
Bola Tinubu na jam’iyyar Social Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.

## Manazarta
Zaben gwamna na Jihar Bauchi na 1999

**Zaben gwamna na Jihar Bauchi na 1999** ya faru ne a Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Janairu, 1999. Wanda aka zaba na PDP, Adamu Mu'azu, ya samu kashi 56% na jimlar kuri'un  don lashe zaben, ya kayar da dan takarar APP da sauransu      

Adamu Mu'azu ya kayar da Alhaji Tafawa Balewa a Zaben fidda gwani na PDP don zama dan takarar jam'iyyar. Abokin aikinsa shi ne Abdulmalik Mohammed

## Tsarin zabe
Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Bauchi ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

## Sakamakon
Adamu Mu'azu na PDP ya lashe gasar.    

Adadin masu jefa kuri'a a jihar don zaben ya kai 1,941,913. Koyaya, an ba da katunan jefa kuri'a 1,997,000 a baya a jihar.

## Manazarta
Zaɓen gwamnan jihar Bayelsa, 1999

An gudanar da **zaben gwamnan jihar Bayelsa a shekarar 1999** a Najeriya ranar 9 ga watan Junairu, 1999. Diepreye Alamieyeseigha dan takarar jam'iyyar PDP ya lashe zaben inda ya doke dan takarar jam'iyyar APP Francis Doukpola da wasu biyu suka zama zababben gwamnan jihar Bayelsa na farko.

Diepreye Alamieyeseigha ya lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar PDP. Ya zabi Goodluck Jonathan a matsayin abokin takararsa.

## Tsarin zabe
An zabi Gwamnan Jihar Bayelsa ne ta hanyar amfani da tsarin kada kuri’a.

## Sakamako
DSP Alamieyesiegha na PDP ne ya yi nasara a fafatawar.

Adadin wadanda suka yi rajista a jihar ya kai 873,000. Sai dai a baya an bayar da katin zabe 897,500 a jihar.

## Manazarta
Zaben gwamna na jihar Akwa Ibom na 1999

**Zaben gwamna na jihar Akwa Ibom na 1999** ya faru ne a Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Janairu, 1999. Dan takarar PDP Obong Victor Attah ya lashe zaben, inda ya kayar da dan takarar APP.       

Obong Victor Attah ya lashe zaben PDP a Zaben fidda gwani. Abokin aikinsa shi ne Chris Ekpenyong .  

## Tsarin zabe
Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Akwa Ibom ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

## Sakamakon
Obong Victor Attah na PDP ya fito ne ya lashe gasar.

Adadin masu jefa kuri'a a jihar don zaben ya kai 1,450,367. Koyaya, an ba da katunan jefa kuri'a 1,476,500 a baya a jihar. 

## Manazarta
Zaben gwamna na jihar Benue na 1999

**Zaben gwamna na jihar Benue na 1999** ya faru ne a Najeriya a ranar 9 ga watan Janairun 1999. Dan takarar PDP George Akume ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke dan takarar APP.

George Akume ya kayar da Mike Mku da sauransu don lashe zaben PDP a zaben fidda gwani.  Abokin aikinsa shi ne Ogiri Ajene .  

## Tsarin zabe
Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Benue ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

## Sakamakon
George Akume na PDP ya fito ya lashe gasar.       

Adadin masu jefa kuri'a a jihar don zaben ya kai 1,806,121. Koyaya, an ba da katunan jefa kuri'a 1,813,000 a baya a jihar

## Manazarta
Zaben Majalisar Dattijai na Najeriya na 1992 a Jihar Kwara

An gudanar da zaben Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya na 1992 a Jihar Kwara a ranar 4 ga Yuli, 1992, don zabar mambobin Majalisar Dattijan Najeriya don wakiltar Jihar Kwar. Idris Gunu Haliru wanda ke wakiltar Kwara North, Ayinla Olomoda wanda ke wakilcin Kwara Central da Bisi Oyewo wanda ke wakil da Kwara South duk sun ci nasara a dandalin Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya

## Takaitaccen Bayani

## Sakamakon

### Kwara ta Arewa
Idris Gunu Haliru na Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.

### Kwara ta Tsakiya
Ayinla Olomoda na Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ce ta lashe zaben.

### Kwara ta Kudu
Bisi Oyewo na Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.

## Manazarta
1999 zaben gwamnan jihar Borno

An gudanar da **zaben gwamnan jihar Borno a shekarar 1999** a Najeriya ranar 9 ga watan Junairu, 1999. Dan takarar jam'iyyar APP Mala Kachalla ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke dan takarar jam'iyyar PDP, Baba Ahmad Jidda.

Mala Kachalla ya zama dan takarar APP, yayin da Baba Ahmad Jidda ya zama dan takarar PDP.

## Tsarin zabe
Ana zaben gwamnan jihar Borno ne ta hanyar amfani da tsarin kada kuri’a.

### Zaben firamare

### APP primary
Mala Kachalla ne ya lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar APP.

### Jam'iyyar PDP
Baba Ahmad Jidda ne ya lashe zaben fidda gwani na PDP[10][11].

## Sakamako
Adadin wadanda suka yi rajista a jihar ya kai 1,690,943. Adadin kuri'un da aka kada ya kai 765,241 yayin da adadin kuri'u masu inganci ya kai 741,953. Kuri'u 23,288 da aka ƙi.

## Manazarta
Zaben gwamna na Jihar Cross River na 1999

**Zaben gwamna na Jihar Cross River na 1999** ya faru ne a Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Janairu, 1999. Dan takarar PDP Donald Duke ya lashe zaben, inda ya kayar da dan takarar APP.  

Donald Duke ya fito ne a matsayin dan takarar PDP.

## Tsarin zabe
Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Cross River ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

## Zaben fidda gwani

### PDP na farko
Donald Duke ne ya lashe Zaben fidda gwani na PDP . 

## Sakamakon
Adadin masu jefa kuri'a a jihar ya kai 1,091,930. Adadin kuri'un da aka jefa ya kasance 1,006,387 yayin da adadin kuri'un inganci ya kasance 998,607. Kayan kuri'un da aka ƙi sun kasance 7,780. 

## Manazarta
Zaɓen gwamnan jihar Edo, 1999

An gudanar da **zaben gwamnan jihar Edo a shekarar 1999** a Najeriya ranar 9 ga watan Janairun 1999. Dan takarar jam’iyyar PDP Lucky Igbinedion ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke dan takarar jam’iyyar APP, Lucky Imasuen.

Lucky Igbinedion ya fito dan takarar PDP.[5][6][7][8]

## Tsarin zabe
An zabi Gwamnan Jihar Edo ne ta hanyar amfani da tsarin kada kuri’a.

### Zaben firamare

### Jam'iyyar PDP
Lucky Igbinedion ne ya lashe zaben fidda gwani na PDP.

## Sakamako
Adadin wadanda suka yi rajista a jihar ya kai 1,414,511. Adadin kuri'un da aka kada ya kai 827,563, yayin da adadin kuri'u masu inganci ya kai 815,554. kuri'un da aka ki amincewa sun kai 12,009.

## Manazarta
Zaɓen gwamnan jihar Ekiti, 1999

An gudanar da **zaben gwamnan jihar Ekiti a shekarar 1999** a Najeriya ranar 9 ga watan Junairu, 1999. Dan takarar AD Niyi Adebayo ya lashe zaben inda ya doke dan takarar PDP.

Niyi Adebayo ya fito takarar AD.

## Tsarin zabe
Ana zaben gwamnan jihar Ekiti ta hanyar amfani da tsarin kada kuri’a.

### Zaben firamare

### AD primary
Niyi Adebayo ne ya lashe zaben fidda gwani na AD.

## Sakamako
Adadin wadanda suka yi rajista a jihar ya kai 1,075,278. Adadin kuri'un da aka kada ya kai 504,958, yayin da adadin kuri'u masu inganci ya kai 494,963. kuri'un da aka ki amincewa sun kai 9,995.

## Manazarta
Zaben Majalisar Dattijai na Najeriya na 1992 a Jihar Neja

An gudanar da zaben Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya na 1992 a Jihar Nijar a ranar 4 ga Yuli, 1992, don zabar mambobin Majalisar Dattijan Najeriya don wakiltar Jihar Nija. Haliru Dantoro wanda ke wakiltar Nijar Arewa, Dangana Ndayako wanda ke wakilcin Nijar Kudu da Ibrahim Kuta wanda ke wakil da Nijar Gabas duk sun ci nasara a dandalin Yarjejeniyar Jamhuriyar Republican ta Kasa.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya

## Takaitaccen Bayani

## Sakamakon

### Arewacin Neja
Haliru Dantoro na Yarjejeniyar Jamhuriyar Republican ta Kasa ne ya lashe zaben.

### Neja ta Kudu
Dangana Ndayako na Yarjejeniyar Jamhuriyar Republican ta lashe zaben.

### Gabashin Neja
Ibrahim Kuta na Yarjejeniyar Jamhuriyar Republican ta Kasa ne ya lashe zaben.

## Manazarta
1999 Zaben gwamna na jihar Enugu

Zaben gwamna na jihar Enugu na 1999 ya faru ne a Najeriya a ranar 9 ga watan Janairun 1999. Dan takarar PDP Chimaroke Nnamani ya lashe zaben, inda ya kayar da dan takarar APP.  

Chimaroke Nnamani ya fito ne a matsayin dan takarar PDP.

## Tsarin zabe
Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Enugu ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

## Zaben fidda gwani
Chimaroke Nnamani ne ya lashe Zaben fidda gwani na PDP.

## Sakamakon
Adadin masu jefa kuri'a a jihar ya kai 1,466,472. Adadin kuri'un da aka jefa ya kai 845,320, yayin da adadin kuri'un kirki ya kai 842,415. Kotu da aka ƙi sun kasance 3,005
Zaɓen gwamnan jihar Kwara, 1999

An gudanar da **zaben gwamnan jihar Kwara a shekarar 1999** a Najeriya ranar 9 ga watan Junairu, 1999. Dan takarar jam’iyyar APP Mohammed Lawal ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke dan takarar PDP.

Mohammed Lawal ya zama dan takarar APP.

## Tsarin zabe
Ana zaben gwamnan jihar Kwara ne ta hanyar amfani da tsarin kada kuri’a.

### Zaben firamare

### APP primary
Mohammed Lawal ne ya lashe zaben fidda gwani na APP.

## Sakamako
Adadin wadanda suka yi rajista a jihar ya kai 940,425. Adadin kuri'un da aka kada ya kai 585,468 yayin da yawan kuri'u masu inganci ya kai 567,568. kuri'un da aka ki amincewa sun kai 17,900.

## Manazarta
Zaben Majalisar Dattijai na Najeriya na 1992 a Jihar Ogun

An gudanar da zaben Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya na 1992 a Jihar Ogun a ranar 4 ga Yuli, 1992, don zabar mambobin Majalisar Dattijan Najeriya don wakiltar Jihar O gun. Monsurudeen Osholake wanda ke wakiltar Ogun Central, Ayodeji Otegbola wanda ke wakilcin Ogun West da Jubril Martins-Kuye wanda ke wakilci Ogun East duk sun ci nasara a dandalin Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya

## Takaitaccen Bayani

## Sakamakon

### Ogun ta Tsakiya
Monsurudeen Osholake na Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.

### Ogun Yamma
Ayodeji Otegbola na Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.

### Ogun Gabas
Jubril Martins-Kuye na Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.

## Manazarta
Zaben Majalisar Dattijai na Najeriya na 1992 a Jihar Osun

An gudanar da zaben ‘yan majalisar dattawan Najeriya na shekarar 1992 a jihar Osun a ranar 4 ga Yuli, 1992, domin zaben ‘yan majalisar dattawan Najeriya da za su wakilci jihar Osun. Olu Alabi mai wakiltar Osun ta tsakiya, Omilani Oladimeji mai wakiltar Osun ta Yamma da Segun Bamigbetan mai wakiltar Osun ta Gabas duk sun yi nasara a jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party.

## Sakamako

### Osun ta tsakiya
Olu Alabi na jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.

### Osun ta yamma
Omilani Oladimeji na jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.

### Osun ta gabas
Segun Bamigbetan na jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.

## Manazarta
Zaben Majalisar Dattijai na Najeriya na 1992 a Jihar Ondo

An gudanar da zaben Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya na 1992 a Jihar Ondo a ranar 4 ga Yuli, 1992, don zabar mambobin Majalisar Dattijan Najeriya don wakiltar Jihar Ondo. Remi O manufa wakiltar Ondo East, Adebiyi Adekeye wakiltar Ondo South da Olawale Adewunmi wakiltar Ondo North duk sun ci nasara a dandalin Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya

## Takaitaccen Bayani

## Sakamakon

### Ondo Gabas
Remi Okunrinboye Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.

### Ondo ta Kudu
Adebiyi Adekeye na Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.

### Ondo ta Arewa
Olawale Adewunmi na Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.

## Manazarta
Zaben Majalisar Dattijai na Najeriya na 1992 a Jihar plateau

An gudanar da zaɓen ƴan majalisar dattawan Najeriya na shekarar 1992 a jihar Filato a ranar 4 ga Yuli, 1992, domin zaben ‘yan majalisar dattawan Najeriya da za su wakilci jihar Filato. Jacon Isandu mai wakiltar Filato ta Arewa, V. K. Dangin mai wakiltar Filato ta gabas da Emmanuel Elaro mai wakiltar Filato ta yamma duk sun yi nasara a dandalin Social Democratic Party SDP.

## Sakamako

### Plateau kudu
Jacon Isandu na jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.

### Plateau gabas
V. K. Dangin na jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.

### Plateau yamma
Emmanuel Elaro na jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.

## Manazarta
Zaben Majalisar Dattijai na Najeriya na 1992 a Jihar Oyo

An gudanar da zaben Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya na 1992 a Jihar Oyo a ranar 4 ga Yuli, 1992, don zabar mambobin Majalisar Dattijan Najeriya don wakiltar Jihar Oyo. Ayantayo Ayandele wanda ke wakiltar Oyo North, Rasheed Ladoja wanda ke wakilcin Oyo South da Wande Abimbola wanda ke wakilci Oyo Central duk sun ci nasara a dandalin Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya

## Takaitaccen Bayani

## Sakamakon

### Oyo ta Arewa
Ayantayo Ayandele na Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.

### Oyo ta Kudu
Rasheed Ladoja na Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.

### Oyo ta Tsakiya
Wande Abimbola na jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.

## Manazarta
Zaben Majalisar Dattijai na Najeriya na 1992 a Jihar Sokoto

An gudanar da zaben ‘yan majalisar dattawan Najeriya na shekarar 1992 a jihar Sokoto a ranar 4 ga Yuli, 1992, domin zaben ‘yan majalisar dattawan Najeriya da za su wakilci jihar Sakkwato. Garba Ila Gada mai wakiltar Sokoto ta Arewa da Saidu Idirisu mai wakiltar Sokoto ta Gabas da Ladan Shuni mai wakiltar Sokoto ta Kudu duk sun samu nasara a babban taron jam'iyyar Republican na kasa.

## Sakamako

### Sokoto arewa
Garba Ila Gada na babban taron jam’iyyar Republican ne ya lashe zaben.

### Sokoto gabas
Saidu Idirisu na babban taron jam’iyyar Republican ne ya lashe zaben.

### Sokoto kudu
Ladan Shuni na jam'iyyar Republican Convention ya lashe zaben.

## Manazarta
Mesfouf

***Mesfouf*** ko ***masfouf*** (Arabic) abinci ne na Aljeriya da Tunisiya wanda ya bambanta da couscous tare da semolina da man shanu ko man zaitun.

Wannan abinci ya shahara sosai a Maghreb. Yana da al'ada a cinye *mesfouf* a lokacin watan Ramadan mai tsarki. Ana ba da shi a bukukuwan gargajiya ko abincin iyali.

## Shirye-shiryen gida
A Aljeriya, ana ba da shi azaman babban abincin da aka yi da wake da wake. A cewar su, yana da kyau a sha shi tare da wasu whey ko yogurt don sauƙaƙe narkewa duk da cewa yana da sauƙi fiye da couscous.

Akwai girke-girke da yawa na gida don *mesfouf*, kamar mai ɗanɗano da mai ɗanɗana. Wasu mutane sun zaɓi wanda ya ƙunshi kayan lambu da nama. Amma ga sauran, suna son a haɗa shi da wake da busassun inabi kamar yadda yake a kewaye da Tunis. Sfaxians sun fi son an yi masa ado da almond da kwanakin da kuma busassun 'ya'yan itace (Pistachios, hazel nuts) da Cutar. Wasu mutane kuma suna son zuba madara a kan mesfouf kuma su kara sukari a ciki don yin shi daɗi, a matsayin "alkama", da wasu busassun inabi da / ko kwanakin.

Amma ga sigar Djerbian na mesfouf, yana da ɗanɗano kuma sau da yawa ana kunshe da albasa da nama da ganye daban-daban (garlic, fennel, lavender...)

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya
* Jerin abincin Afirka
* Tashar abinci 

## Manazarta
Zaben Majalisar Dattijai na Najeriya na 1992 a Jihar Rivers

An gudanar da zaben Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya na 1992 a Jihar Rivers a ranar 4 ga Yuli, 1992, don zabar mambobin Majalisar Dattijan Najeriya don wakiltar Jihar Riers. Denton West wanda ke wakiltar Rivers South-East, Felix Orobo wanda ke wakilcin Rivers West da Bennet Birrari wanda ke wakil da Rivers East duk sun ci nasara a dandalin Yarjejeniyar Jamhuriyar Republican ta Kasa.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya

## Takaitaccen Bayani

## Sakamakon

### Koguna Kudu maso Gabas
Denton West na Yarjejeniyar Jamhuriyar Republican ta lashe zaben.

### Koguna Yamma
Felix Orobo na Yarjejeniyar Jamhuriyar Republican ta Kasa ne ya lashe zaben.

### Koguna na Gabas
Bennet Birrari na Yarjejeniyar Jamhuriyar Republican ta Kasa ne ya lashe zaben.

## Manazarta
Zaben Majalisar Dattijai na Najeriya na 1992 a Jihar Yobe

An gudanar da zaben ‘yan majalisar dattawan Najeriya na shekarar 1992 a jihar Yobe a ranar 4 ga Yuli, 1992, domin zaben ‘yan majalisar dattawan Najeriya da za su wakilci jihar Yobe. Umar El-Gash Maina mai wakiltar Yobe ta Arewa da Lawan Gana Giba mai wakiltar Yobe ta gabas da kuma Adamu Abubakar Nikar mai wakiltar Yobe ta Kudu duk sun yi nasara a jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party.

## Sakamako

### Yobe Arewa
Umar El-Gash Maina na jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.

### Yobe gabas
Lawan Gana Giba na jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.

### Yobe kudu
Adamu Abubakar Nikar na jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.

## Manazarta
Zaben Majalisar Dattijai na Najeriya na 1992 a Jihar Taraba

An gudanar da zaben Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya na 1992 a Jihar Taraba a ranar 4 ga Yuli, 1992, don zabar mambobin Majalisar Dattijan Najeriya don wakiltar Jihar Tarava. Abdullahi Kirim wanda ke wakiltar Taraba ta Arewa, Ibrahim Goje wanda ke wakilcin Taraba ta Tsakiya da Utisere Joshua Yohanna wanda ke wakilci Taraba ta Kudu duk sun ci nasara a dandalin Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya

## Takaitaccen Bayani

## Sakamakon

### Taraba ta Arewa
Abdullahi Kirim na Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.

### Taraba ta Tsakiya
Ibrahim Goje na Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.

### Taraba ta Kudu
Utisere Joshua Yohanna na Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.

## Manazarta
Zaben gwamna na Jihar Adamawa na 2008

**Zaben gwamna na Jihar Adamawa na 2008** ya faru ne a ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 2008.   Gwamnan PDP mai ci Murtala Nyako ya sake lashe zaben a zaben kari, inda ya kayar da dan takarar ACN don ya lashe gasar.       

Murtala Nyako ta fito ne a matsayin mai nasara a zaben fidda gwani na PDP. Abokin aikinsa shi ne Bala James Ngilari . 

## Tsarin zabe
Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Adamawa ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

## Sakamakon
Akwai jam'iyyu 12 da suka yi rajista tare da Hukumar Zabe ta Kasa mai zaman kanta don yin takara a sake zaben. Manyan masu fafatawa guda biyu sune Gwamnan PDP Murtala Nyako, wanda ya lashe gasar, da kuma Markus Gundiri na ACN, wanda ya biyo baya sosai.

## Manazarta
Zaben gwamna na Jihar Bayelsa na 2008

Zaben gwamnan jihar Bayelsa na 2008 ya faru ne a ranar 24 ga Mayu, 2008. Gwamnan PDP mai ci Timipre Sylva ya sake lashe zaben a zaben kari, inda ya kayar da dan takarar AC, Ebitimi Amgbare, don ya zama mai nasara.       Sylva ta lashe gasar LGAs guda shida na jihar.

Timipre Sylva ya fito ne mai nasara a zaben fidda gwani na PDP. Abokin aikinsa shi ne Peremobowei Ebebi .   

## Tsarin zabe
Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Bayelsa ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

## Sakamako
Manyan masu fafatawa guda biyu da suka yi rajista tare da Hukumar Zabe ta Kasa mai zaman kanta don yin takara a sake zaben sune Gwamnan PDP Timipre Sylva, wanda ya lashe takarar ta hanyar jefa kuri'u 538,204, da kuma Ebitimi Amgbare na AC, wanda ya biyo baya da kuri'u 26,635. Akwai kuri'u masu inganci 588,399 gaba ɗaya.

## Manazarta
Zaben gwamna na Jihar Cross River na 2008

**Zaben gwamna na Jihar Cross River na 2008** ya faru ne a ranar 23 ga watan Agusta, 2008.  Gwamnan PDP mai ci Liyel Imoke ya sake lashe zaben a zaben kari, inda ya kayar da dan takarar ANPP, Paul Ukpo, don ya zama mai nasara.

Liyel Imoke ya fito a matsayin dan takarar PDP a Zaben fidda gwani. Abokin aikinsa Effi Cobokham .   

## Tsarin zabe
Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Cross River ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

## Sakamakon
Manyan masu fafatawa guda biyu da suka yi rajista tare da Hukumar Zabe ta Kasa mai zaman kanta don yin takara a sake zaben sune Gwamnan PDP Liyel Imoke, wanda ya lashe takarar ta hanyar jefa kuri'u 650,723, da kuma Paul Ukpo na ANPP, wanda ya biyo baya da 15,734. Akwai jimlar kuri'u 694,853 da aka jefa a zaben da kuri'u 13,749 marasa inganci.

## Manazarta
Zaben gwamna na Jihar Sokoto na 2008

**Zaben gwamna na Jihar Sokoto na 2008** ya faru ne a ranar 24 ga Mayu, 2008. Dan takarar PDP Aliyu Magatakarda Wamakko ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke DPP Muhammed Dingyadi da sauran 'yan takara.

## Sakamakon
Aliyu Magatakarda Wamakko daga PDP ya lashe zaben. Ya kayar da Muhammed Dingyadi na DPP da wasu da yawa.

Adadin kuri'un da aka jefa ya kai 785,682, kuri'un masu inganci sun kai 698,362 kuma kuri'un lemun tsada sun kai 87,320.

* **[[Aliyu Magatakarda Wamakko]], ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) - 562,395**
* Muhammed Dingyadi, DPP- 124,046
* CPP - 6,286
* ANPP- 1,842
* PPA- 1,658

## Manazarta
Saint Catherine's Monastery

**Saint Catherine's Monastery** (Larabci: دير القدّيسة كاترين Dayr al-Qiddīsa Katrīn, Greek: Ιερά Μονή Αγίας ΑικαΣΣτερίνηςο romanized: Iërá Moní Ayías Ekaterínis Órus Siná[a]), bisa hukuma Mai Girma Mai Girma Gidan Sarauta na Saint Catherine na Mai Tsarki da Dutsen Sinai wanda Allah ya tattake, gidan sufi ne na Kirista da ke cikin Tsibirin Sinai na Masar. Ana zaune a gindin Dutsen Sinai, an gina shi tsakanin 548 zuwa 565, kuma ita ce gidan sufi na Kirista da ke ci gaba da zama mafi tsufa a duniya.

An gina gidan sufi ne bisa umarnin Sarkin Rumawa Justinian na I, tare da rufe abin da ake da'awar daji ne da Musa ya gani. Shekaru da yawa bayan haka, an kai gawar Catherine na Iskandariya, wanda aka ce an gano a yankin, zuwa gidan sufi; Abubuwan da Catherine ta yi sun mayar da shi zuwa wani muhimmin aikin hajji na Kirista, kuma a ƙarshe an sake kiran gidan sufi da sunan saint.

Cocin Sinai mai cin gashin kansa ke sarrafa shi, wanda ke cikin babban cocin Orthodox na Girka, gidan sufi ya zama Gidan Tarihi na Duniya a cikin 2002 saboda mahimmancinsa na musamman ga manyan addinan Ibrahim guda uku: Yahudanci, Kiristanci, da Musulunci.

Laburaren gidan sufi yana ɗaukar ayyuka na musamman da ba safai ba, kamar su Codex Sinaiticus da Syriac Sinaiticus, da tarin gumakan Kiristanci na farko, gami da sanannen hoton Kristi Pantocrator.

Saint Catherine's yana da matsayinsa na tsaunuka uku da yake kusa da su: Willow Peak (yiwuwar Dutsen Horeb na Littafi Mai Tsarki, kololuwa c.1 km (0.62 mi) yamma); Jebel Arrenziyeb, peak c.1km kudu; da Dutsen Sinai (a cikin gida, Jabal Musa, ta al'adar da aka gano tare da Dutsen Sinai na Littafi Mai Tsarki; kololuwa c. 2 km (1.2 mi) kudu).

## Al'adun Kiristanci
An gina gidan sufi ne a kusa da wurin da aka saba ganin wurin kurmin dajin da annabi Musa Ibraniyawa ya gani. Gidan sufi na Saint Catherine kuma ya rufe “Rijiyar Musa”, inda aka ce Musa ya sadu da matarsa ta gaba, Ziporah. Rijiyar har yanzu tana daya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin ruwa na gidan sufi. Manyan addinan Ibrahim guda uku suna ɗaukar wurin a matsayin mai tsarki: Yahudanci, Kiristanci, da Musulunci.

Shekaru da dama bayan kafuwarta, an ce an gano gawar Saint Catherine ta Alexandria a cikin wani kogo da ke yankin. Abubuwan da aka ajiye na Saint Catherine, da aka ajiye har wa yau a cikin gidan sufi, sun mai da shi wurin da aka fi so na aikin hajji. Idin majiɓinci na gidan sufi shine Idin Sauyi.

## Tarihi
Mafi tsufa rikodin rayuwar zuhudu a Dutsen Sinai ya fito ne daga Itinerarium Egeriae, wata jarida ta balaguro da aka rubuta a cikin Latin ta wata mace Kirista mahajjata daga Tekun Atlantika na Galicia ko Roman Gaul mai suna Egeria game da 381/2-386.

An gina gidan sufi da odar Sarkin Rumawa Justinian I (wanda ya yi sarauta a shekara ta 527-565), tare da rufe Chapel na Burning Bush (wanda kuma aka sani da "Saint Helen's Chapel") Empress Consort Helena, mahaifiyar Constantine I, ta ba da umarnin ginawa a wurin da Musa ya kamata ya ga daji mai ƙonewa. Dajin da ke cikin filin ance shi ne wanda Musa ya gani. A tsarin gidan sufi na sarki post truss shine mafi dadewa sanannen rufin rufin da ya tsira a duniya.

## Manazarta
Zaben gwamna na jihar Kogi na 2008

An gudanar da zabe don zabar sabon gwamnan Jihar Kogi a ranar 29 ga Maris, 2008.

Wanda ke mulki, Ibrahim Idris na PDP, an sake zabarsa a karo na biyu a Babban zaben 2007, amma daga baya a cikin shekarar Kotun daukaka kara ta soke zabensa saboda korafin da Abubakar Audu ya yi wa Kotun Shari'a, tsohon gwamnan da INEC ta cire shi daga shiga zaben 2007. A ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 2008, Kotun daukaka kara ta amince da wannan hukuncin kuma ta ba da umarnin a gudanar da sabon zabe a cikin watanni uku. Shugaba Umaru Yar'Adua ya umarci Kakakin Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Kogi ya zama mukaddashin gwamna.

Idris ya sake tsayawa takarar gwamna a kan tikitin PDP, yana kalubalantar Abubakar Audu (ANPP), Ramat Momoh (PAC) da Yusuf Obaje (DPP).

## Sakamakon

## Manazarta
Suurbraak

**Suurbraak** wani yanki ne a cikin Gundumar Overberg a lardin Yammacin Cape na Afirka ta Kudu.

## Asali
An kafa ƙauyen ne a shekarar 1812, lokacin da mutanen London Missionary Society su ka kafa tashar mishan don yin hidima ga Attaqua Khoikhoi.

## Manazarta
Ryan Stevenson (footballer)

**Ryan Stevenson** (An haife shi ranar 24 ga watan Augusta, 1984) dan wasan kwallon kafa ne.

Acikin aikinsa, ya buga wa kungiyoyi da yawa a **Scotland da Ingila**, musamman tare da Heart of Midlothian inda yake da sauye-sauye biyu kuma ya kasance daga cikin tawagar data kai ga gasar cin kofin Scotland ta 2012.

Stevenson ya fara aikinsa a St Johnstone kafin ya koma Ayr United,inda ya burge da wasan kwaikwayonsa. Nasarar daya samu ta haifar da canja wurin zuwa Heart of Midlothian a shekarar 2010, inda ya zama babban dan wasa. Daga baya ya buga wa Ipswich Town a Ingila kafin ya koma Scotland,ya buga wa kungiyoyi irin su Partick Thistle, Ayr United, da Dumbarton. An san shi da sauye-sauyensa, Stevenson ya ba da gudummawa a tsakiyar filin wasa da kai hari,yana samun suna saboda karfin harbi da kuma wasan kirkirar.

Bayan yayi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa, Stevenson ya sauya zuwa ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙasa da ƙwallon kafa, da kuma aikin kafofin watsa labarai, a wasu lokuta yana ba da bincike game da ƙwallafen Scotland.

## Manazarta
Kyle Turner (ɗan ƙwallo)

**Kyle Turner** (an haife shi ranar 10 ga watan Nuwamba, 1997) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Scotland wanda ke taka leda a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya na ƙungiyar Partick Thistle ta ƙasar Scotland . Turner ya fara aikinsa tare da Stranraer, inda ya buga wasanni 138 acikin shekaru hudu, kuma ya buga wa Dunfermline Athletic da kuma baya tare da Partick Thistle,da kuma rance a Airdrieonians da Raith Rovers.

## Manazarta
Andy Dowie

**Andrew John Dowie** (an haife shi ranar 25 ga watan Maris, 1983) a Bellshill, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Scotland wanda ke buga wa Caledonian Braves .  Dowie galibi dan wasan tsakiya ne kuma ya buga wa Rangers, Brechin City, Partick Thistle, Stranraer, Ross County, Dunfermline Athletic, Sarauniya ta Kudu da Dumbarton acikin SPFL.

## Manazarta
Patrick Boyle (mai wasan ƙwallon ƙafa)

**Patrick Joseph Gerard Boyle** (an haife shi ranar 20 ga watan Maris, 1987) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Scotland wanda ke taka leda a matsayin hagu.Ya kasance dan wasa / mataimakin kocin a Gartcairn a gasar kwallon kafa ta Yammacin Scotland bayan yaki amincewa da sabon kwangila a Dumbarton.

## Manazarta
Callum Booth

**Callum Booth** (an haife shi ranar 30 ga watan Mayu, 1991) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Scotland wanda ke taka leda a matsayin hagu na ƙungiyar  ta Spartans.

Booth, wanda ya shiga Hibernian yana da shekaru 10,ya buga wa tawagar matasa da ta lashe gasar zakarun Turai da kofin sau biyu a shekara ta 2009. Bayan yayi aro tare da Arbroath da Brechin City a shekara ta 2010, ya shiga kungiyar farko ta Hibernian a shekara ta 2011. An zaba shi akai-akai alokacin 2012 kuma an ba da rancensa ga Livingston don kakar shekarun 2012-13 sannan kuma ga Raith Rovers a kakar da ta biyo baya.

## Manazarta
Aaron Muirhead

**Aaron Muirhead** (An haife shi ranar 30 ga watan Agusta, 1990)  ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Scotland wanda ke buga wa kungiyar Arbroath ta Gasar Zakarun Scotland. Muirhead ya taba buga wa Annan Athletic wasa, sau biyu ga Partick Thistle,da kuma sihiri a Falkirk, da Ayr United da kuma aro tare da Arbroath

## Manazarta
Kotun ɗaukaka ƙara ta Afirka ta Yamma

**Kotun ɗaukaka ƙara ta Afirka ta Yamma** ( **WACA** ) ta kasance kotun da ta zama kotun ɗaukaka ƙara ga ƙasashen Gold Coast, Najeriya, Gambia, da Saliyo.

## Tarihi
An fara kafa WACA a shekara ta 1867 a matsayin kotun ɗaukaka ƙara kan mulkin mallakar Birtaniyya a yammacin Afirka. An kawar da ita a shekarar 1874, amma an sake farfaɗo da ita a shekarar 1928. An kawo ƙarshen hukumcin a Najeriya a shekarar 1954. Kotun ta rushe tare da samun ƴancin kai na jihohin da ta yi aiki. Kotun dai ta kasance a Saliyo.

Za a iya ɗaukaka ƙarar hukuncin da kotu ta yanke tare da izini ga kwamitin shari'a na majalisar masu zaman kansu.

An nada Sir James Henley Coussey a matsayin shugaban Kotun a shekarar 1955.

## Jerin shugabannin

* 192x–193x: Sir George Campbell Deane
* 1936-1946: Sir Donald Kingdon
* 1948-1951: Sir Henry William Butler Blackall
* 1951–1955: Sir Stafford William Powell Foster-Sutton
* 1955-1958: Sir James Henley Coussey
* 1958: *Sir Hector Horace Hearne (mai aiki)*

## Manazarta

## Bayanan kula

* Bonny Ibhawoh, *Mai Shari'a na Imperial: 'Yan Afirka a Kotun Empire* (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013)

## Duba kuma

* Kotun daukaka kara ta Gabashin Afirka

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Bayani da Rikewa | 1930-1960, Kotun daukaka kara ta Afirka ta Yamma, Hukunce-hukunce
* KOTUN DARAJAR AFIRKA TA YAMMA (ALAMUN LAIFUKA).
Largs Thistle F.C.

Largs Thistle Football Club kungiya ce ta kwallon kafa ta Scotland, wacce ke zaune a garin Largs, North Ayrshire. An kira su *Theesel*, an kafa su ne a shekarar  1889 kuma suna wasa a Barrfields Park. A halin yanzu suna wasa a Yammacin Scotland League Premier Division,suna sanye da zinariya da baƙar fata. Babban abokan hamayyarsu sune Beith Juniors da Kilbirnie Ladeside.

Stuart Davidson ne ke gudanar da tawagar tun watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2016,wanda ya tashi daga matsayinsa na hadin gwiwa bayan murabus din Bryan Slavin.

## Manazarta
Lalla Fatma N'Soumer

**Lalla Fatma N'Soumer** (Larabci: لالة فاطمة نسومر; c. 1830 – 1863) shi ne jagoran adawa da mulkin mallaka na Aljeriya a lokacin 1849-1857 na mamayar Faransawa na Aljeriya da Pacific Pacific na gaba na Aljeriya. Ta jagoranci yaƙe-yaƙe da dama da sojojin Faransa, har zuwa lokacin da aka kama ta a watan Yulin 1857. An ɗaure ta a kurkuku har zuwa mutuwarta bayan shekaru shida. Jaruma ce 'yar kasar Aljeriya.

## Suna
Lalla, kwatankwacin mace na kalmar Berber, girmamawa ce da aka taro ga mata masu matsayi mai girma ko mata masu tsarki. "N'Soumer" na nufin "na Soumer", inda Soumer shine ƙauyen da ya fi kusa da zawiya na zuriyarta, Sidahmed . Wani lokaci tana ɗauke da sunan "Lalla N'Ouerdja". Sunan haihuwarta alama "Fadhma Si Ahmed Ou Méziane", amma ta tafi Fatma N'Soumer kuma a ƙarshe Lalla Fatma N 'Soumer tare da lokaci.
## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Fadhma Si Ahmed ko Méziane a kusa da 1830 ga Sid Ahmed Mohamed da Terkia n'ath Ykhoulaf  a cikin abin da ke yanzu garin Abi Youcef, kusa da Aïn El Hammam . Kamar yadda sunanta na karshe ya nuna, ta fito ne daga zuriyar wani marabout mai daraja, Ahmed Ou Méziane, wanda ya ba ta tasiri fiye da yawancin mata na al'ummar Aljeriya na zamanin. Iyalinta za su kai yara 8: 'yan'uwa maza 5 da mata 2.[1] Mahaifin Fadhma shi ne shugaban madrasa (school na Islama) wanda ke da alaƙa da zawiya na Rahmaniyya na addinin Sufi, wanda Sidi M'hamed Bou Qobrine ya kafa a ƙarshen 1790s. A sakamakon haka, Fadhma yana da damar samun ilimi fiye da yara da yawa na zamanin. A kusa da shekaru 16-18 kuma tare da amincewar dan uwanta a matsayin shugaban iyali bayan mutuwar mahaifinta, an sanya Fadhma cikin auren da aka shirya tare da dan uwan iyali, Si Yahia n'ath Ikhoulaf . Koyaya, ma'auratan nan da nan suka rabu; ta koma karatunta na addini. Duk da haka, mijinta ya ki ya ba ta saki, wanda ya sa ba ta yiwu ta sake yin aure ba.[2]
## Abunda ta bari
Labarai daban-daban sun bazu game da N'Soumer. Almajiranta sun ce Allah ya ba ta iko, gami da iyawar ganin makomar da warkar da cuta.

Mai binciken Faransa kuma marubuci Émile Carrey [fr] ya sadu da N'Soumer bayan kama ta a 1857, kuma yana daya daga cikin mahimman kafofin wallafe-wallafen N'Soomer. Ya rubuta cewa tana da kyau, amma tana da kiba, kuma girman ta ya zama abin ban dariya daga sojoji. Ya ce har yanzu kama ta yana da tasiri sosai; ya rubuta cewa "da zarar ta kasance a hannunmu, duk juriya ta ƙare, kuma an tabbatar da nasararmu". [1] Faransanci sun kuma kira ta "La Jeanne d'Arc du Djurdjura" a matsayin ambaton rawar da Joan na Arc ta taka a matsayin mace mai addini da soja; bisa ga al'adar Janar Yusuf ya ba ta taken.

## Manazarta
Harin bama-bamai a Tangier

Harin Bama Bamai na Tangier ya faru ne a ranar 6 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1844, lokacin da sojojin ruwa na Faransa a karkashin umurnin François d'Orléans, Yarima na Joinville suka kai hari kan birnin Tangier na Morocco. Yaƙin ya kasance wani ɓangare na Yaƙin Farko na Franco-Moroccan .

Wannan Harin Bama Bamai ya kasance sakamakon kawancen Maroko da Abd-El-Kader na Aljeriya a kan Faransa biyo bayan abubuwan da suka faru da yawa a kan iyakar tsakanin Aljeriya da Maroko, da kuma kin amincewar Maroko ta bar goyon bayanta ga Aljeriya.

Yaƙin Isly ya biyo bayan Bombardment na Tangier a ranar 14 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1844, da kuma Bombardment of Mogador da wannan rundunar a ranar 15 ga watan Agusta shekara ta 1844.
## Manazarta
Kotun ɗaukaka ƙara ta Gabashin Afirka

**Kotun ɗaukaka ƙara ta gabashin Afirka** (**EACA**) kotu ce da ta kasance kotun ɗaukaka ƙara ga Turawan mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya a gabashin Afirka da yammacin Asiya.

An kafa kotun a cikin shekarar 1902 a matsayin **Kotun ɗaukaka ƙara ta Gabashin Afirka** kuma ita ce kotun ɗaukaka ƙara ta Burtaniya ta Kenya, Uganda Protectorate, da Nyasaland. Daga baya, an canza sunan kotun zuwa Kotun ɗaukaka ƙara ta Gabashin Afirka, sannan a shekarun 1950 zuwa **Kotun ɗaukaka ƙara ta Gabashin Afirka** ko **Kotun ɗaukaka ƙara ta Gabashin Afirka**. Kotun dai ta kasance a ƙasar Kenya.

Bayan lokaci, ikon kotun ya girma ya zama kotun ɗaukaka ƙara na Sultanate of Zanzibar, Tanganyika, British Somaliland, Aden Protectorate, Colony of Aden, Federation of South Arabia, Protectorate of South Arabia, British Mauritius, British Seychelles, da Saint Helena.

Za a iya ɗaukaka ƙarar hukuncin da kotu ta yanke tare da izini ga kwamitin shari'a na majalisar masu zaman kansu.

Kenya da Tanzaniya da Uganda masu zaman kansu ne suka riƙe kotun a matsayin kotun ɗaukaka ƙara na ƙungiyar ƙasashen gabashin Afrika.

Lokacin da aka soke asalin yankin Gabashin Afirka a shekarar 1977, haka ma kotun ta kasance.

## Duba kuma

* Kotun daukaka kara ta yammacin Afirka

## Manazarta
Aljeriya ta Faransa

Aljeriya ta Faransa (Faransanci: har zuwa 1839, sannan Algérie daga baya; ba bisa ka'ida ba Algérie française; Larabci: ), wanda aka fi sani da Aljeriya ta mulkin mallaka, shine lokacin Tarihin Aljeriya lokacin da kasar ta kasance mulkin mallaka kuma daga baya wani ɓangare na Faransa. Mulkin Faransa ya kasance har zuwa ƙarshen Yaƙin Aljeriya wanda ya haifar da samun 'yancin kai a ranar 5 ga Yuli 1962.

Cin nasarar Faransa a Aljeriya ta fara ne a cikin 1830 tare da mamaye Algiers wanda ya rushe Regency na Algiers, kodayake Aljeriya ba a ci nasara ba kuma an kwantar da ita har zuwa 1903. An kiyasta cewa a shekara ta 1875, an kashe kimanin 'yan asalin Aljeriya 825,000.[1] Masana daban-daban sun bayyana nasarar Faransanci a matsayin kisan kare dangi  An mallaki Aljeriya a matsayin mulkin mallaka daga 1830 zuwa 1848, sannan kuma a matsayin sassan da yawa, wani bangare ne na Faransa, tare da aiwatar da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Jamhuriyar Faransa ta Biyu a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 1848, har zuwa 'yancin Aljeriya na 1962. Bayan tafiya zuwa Algiers a 1860, Sarkin sarakuna na Faransa na lokacin Napoleon III ya zama mai sha'awar kafa mulkin abokin ciniki wanda zai yi mulki a cikin ƙungiyar mutum, fadada 'yanci ga jama'ar asalin ƙasar da iyakance mulkin mallaka (matsayin da yake fatan zai ƙarfafa kafawar Faransa a duniyar Musulmi, amma wanda ba a yarda da shi ba tare da mazauna Turai na gida). [4][5] Wannan aikin ba zai tafi ko'ina ba duk da haka, kuma sabuwar Jamhuriyar ta Uku da aka kafa za ta watsar da duk wani shiri na ikon cin gashin kai na yankin Algeria, har ma da neman karfafa riƙewa ta hanyar ba da 'yan ƙasa ga yawan Yahudawa na Algeria a cikin abin da aka bayyana a matsayin misali na rar
## Tarihi

Tun lokacin da aka Algiers(1516)" Kama Algiers a cikin 1516 da sojojin Ottoman, 'yan uwan Oruc da Hayreddin Barbarossa, Aljeriya ta kasance tushen rikici da fashi a cikin Bahar Rum. A shekara ta 1681, Sarkin Faransa Louis na 14 ya nemi Admiral Ibrahim Duquesne ya yi yaƙi da 'yan fashi na Berber. Ya kuma ba da umarnin babban hari a kan Algiers tsakanin 1682 da 1683 a kan uzuri na taimakawa da ceto Kiristoci bayi, yawanci Turawa da aka kama a matsayin fursunoni a cikin hare-hare. Har ila yau, Jean II d'Estrées ya jefa bam a Tripoli da Algiers daga 1685 zuwa 1688. Wani jakada daga Algiers ya ziyarci Kotun a Versailles, kuma an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya a cikin 1690 wanda ya samar da zaman lafiya a cikin karni na 18.[2]
## Shahararrun tawaye game da mamayar Faransa
A ranar 1 ga Disamba 1830, Sarki Louis-Philippe ya nada Duc de Rovigo a matsayin shugaban ma'aikatan soja a Aljeriya. De Rovigo ya mallaki Bône kuma ya fara mulkin mallaka na ƙasar. An tuno da shi a cikin 1833 saboda yanayin tashin hankali na zalunci. Da yake so ya guje wa rikici da Maroko, Louis-Philippe ya aika da wata manufa ta musamman ga sultan, tare da nuna ikon soja, ya aika jiragen yaki zuwa Bay of Tangier. An aika jakada zuwa Sultan Moulay Abderrahmane a watan Fabrairun 1832, karkashin jagorancin Count Charles-Edgar de Mornay kuma ya hada da mai zane Eugène Delacroix . Koyaya sultan ya ki amincewa da bukatun Faransa cewa ya kwashe Tlemcen.
## Manazarta
Tafiyar Nijar ta 1841

Binciken Nijar na 1841 ya hau ne daga mishaneri na Burtaniya da kungiyoyin masu fafutuka a cikin 1841-1842, ta amfani da jiragen ruwa guda uku na ƙarfe na Burtaniya don tafiya zuwa Lokoja, a wurin haɗuwar Kogin Neja da Kogin Benue, a cikin abin da ke yanzu Najeriya. Gwamnatin Burtaniya ta goyi bayan kokarin yin yarjejeniya tare da 'yan asalin ƙasar, gabatar da Kiristanci da inganta karuwar kasuwanci. Ma'aikatan jiragen ruwa sun sha wahala daga mutuwa mai yawa daga cuta.

An fara balaguron ne ta hanyar taron Exeter Hall na 1 ga Yuni 1840. [1] Yarima Albert ne ya jagoranci shi.[2] Masu shirya taron sun kasance Society for the Extinction of the Slave Trade and for the Civilization of Africa, wanda Thomas Fowell Buxton ya kafa a 1839.[3] Buxton yana inganta babbar manufofin "Sabon Afirka", bisa ga jerin yarjejeniyoyi da za a yi a Yammacin Afirka, gabatar da Kiristanci, da haɓaka kasuwanci, kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin littafinsa a shekarar da ta gabata.[4] Ra'ayoyin Buxton sun koma akalla rabin karni, ga Kamfanin Saliyo.[5] A lokacin masu gwagwarmayar adawa da bautar ba su da damar zuwa manyan hukumomin gwamnatin Burtaniya, kuma suna dogaro da tarurrukan jama'a da kuma tashin hankali; Buxton yana cikin matsayi na musamman.[6]
## Tarihi
An san shi da hukuma a matsayin African Colonization Expedition, Robert Jamieson, [1] da Macgregor Laird sun yi adawa da shi. An yi wasu shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya kuma likitocin Royal Navy sun ɗauki quinine a matsayin maganin rigakafi ga zazzabin cizon sauro.[2] Jiragen kuma suna da tsarin iska, wanda ya dogara da na David Boswell Reid don Fadar Westminster . [3]

iragen ruwa guda uku, jiragen ruwa Albert, Wilberforce, da Sudan, Laird na Liverpool ne ya yi su. Kwamandan shi ne Henry Dundas Trotter a cikin Albert, tare da William Allen a cikin Wilberforce da Bird Allen a cikin Sudan.[1] A Saliyo, masu fassara sun shiga aikin.[2] Jirgin ya kira Cape Coast a watan Yuli don sauke sarakunan Ghana Nkwantabisa da Owusu-Ansa, waɗanda suka kasance a Ingila tun 1836.[3]
Yaƙin Faransa da Tahiti

Yaƙin French-Tahitian (Faransanci: Guerre franco-tahitienne) ko Yaƙin Faransa-Tahiti (1844-1847) rikici ne tsakanin Masarautar Faransa da Masarautar Tahiti da abokanta a cikin tsibirin Kudancin Pacific na Tsibirin Society a cikin Polynesia ta Faransa na zamani

Tahiti ta tuba zuwa Kiristanci na Furotesta ta hanyar London Missionary Society (LMS) a farkon karni na 19 tare da goyon bayan Daular Pōmare. Da tasirin mishan na Burtaniya George Pritchard, Sarauniya Pōmare IV ta kori mishaneri na Katolika na Faransa daga mulkinta a 1836 kuma ta fusata fushin Faransa. Tsakanin 1838 da 1842, kwamandan sojan ruwa na Faransa Abel Aubert du Petit-Thouars ya amsa korafin Faransa game da mummunar zalunci kuma ya tilasta sarauniya da shugabannin Tahiti su sanya hannu kan Tahiti a matsayin mai kariya. Pritchard da Pōmare IV sun yi ƙoƙari su yi tsayayya da mulkin Faransa da kuma shawo kan Birtaniya su shiga tsakani don goyon bayan Tahitians. Wadannan kokarin ba su yi nasara ba kuma sun haifar da ɗaurin Pritchard da kuma korar Pōmare IV da son rai ga danginta a makwabciyar Raiatea.
## Manazarta
Kungiyar Al'ummkungiyar Kashe Kasuwancin Bayi da Wayar da kan Afirka

kungiya ce da aka kafa a London a watan Yunin 1839 don adawa da Cinikin bayi. Fowell Buxton shine babban mutumin da ke bayan kafa shi. An soke bautar a cikin 1833 a duk faɗin Daular Burtaniya.

## Kuduri
"Don sa 'yan Afirka su saba da wadataccen dukiyar ƙasarsu, kuma da kyau su mai da hankali ga noma a kan tsarin aiki kyauta. Don shawo kansu, ƙari, game da girman aikin gona da cinikayya mara laifi, har ma da riba, akan Cinikin Bawa wanda ya ware su. "

"Don koyar da 'yan asalin ƙasar a fannin Aikin Gona da Kimiyya mai amfani; don noma ƙananan yankuna a matsayin samfuran don kwaikwayon su; rarraba kayan aikin gona, tsaba, tsire-tsire, da sauransu; gabatar da ci gaba na gida da sauran ci gaba; da kuma ba da shawarar da sauƙaƙe hanyoyin musayar kayan Afirka don masana'antun Turai. "
"Don bincika manyan harsunan Afirka, da kuma rage su inda ya dace zuwa rubuce-rubuce".
"Don bincika cututtuka, yanayi, da abubuwan da ke cikin gida na Afirka, don amfanin 'yan asalin ƙasar, da mazauna kasashen waje da matafiya; don aika magunguna da masu aiki; kuma ta haka ne don raba aikin magani daga mummunar camfi da ke da alaƙa da shi yanzu. "
"Don yin hadin kai ta kowace hanya a cikin ikonta tare da Gudanar da Gwamnati zuwa Nijar; don bayar da rahoton ci gabanta - taimakawa ayyukanta - yada bayanai masu mahimmanci da za ta iya sadarwa; kuma, gabaɗaya, don ci gaba da sha'awar Burtaniya a cikin murkushe Cinikin Bauta, da jin daɗin Afirka. "
## Manazarta