Abd al-Rahman al-Shaghouri

**Sayyid ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAbda al-Raṭmān ibn Muṣṭafā ibn ʿabd al- Raḥmān Zayn al-ʿAbidīn al-Shāghūrī al-Ḥusaynī** (Arabic: أبوير من الرحمن بن عبد الرحمن بن مصطفى عبد الرحمن زين العابور بالشاغوري) ya kasance shugaba Sufi na reshen Hashimi-Dwi, da kuma mawaki, ma'aikaci.

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haife shi a Homs a 1912, al-Shaghouri nan da nan ya zama maraya kuma ya koma Damascus tare da ɗan'uwansa. Yayinda yake yaro, ya yi aiki a matsayin yaro mai aiki kuma daga baya a matsayin mai saƙa.

Ya halarci darussan manyan malamai na Dimashƙu: Husni al-Baghghal, Muhammad Barakat, 'Ali al-Daqar, Ismail al-Tibi, da Lutfi al-Hanafi. Koyaya, malaminsa mafi muhimmanci shi ne Muhammad al-Hashimi, wani Aljeriya Sufi daga Tlemcen wanda ya riga ya zauna a Siriya shekaru ashirin kafin ya zama wakilin Shaykh Ahmad al-Alawi, shugaba na ruhaniya na Shadhili ya riga ya sadu da shi al-Hashiy ya zama a ranar da shi.

Al-Shaghouri nan da nan ya zama muhimmin mutum a cikin tariqa na al-Hashimi, yana aiki a matsayin jagora mawaƙa don zamansa na rawa mai tsarki (Haḍra). Kafin mutuwarsa a 1961, al-Hashimi ya kuma ba al-Shaghouri izini don watsa babban liturany na tariqa, tsarin yau da kullun na tunani da addu'o'i wanda yawanci ke aiki don nuna alamar almajiri ga tariqa. Kodayake ya sami izini a matsayin cikakken jagora na ruhaniya daga Muhammad Sa'id al-Hamzawi na Siriya da Ali al- Budlaymi na Aljeriya, bai ɗauki almajirai ba har sai abokinsa da abokinsa, Muhammad Sa'ed al-Kurdi daga Irbid (Jordan) ya ba shi izini. Duk da cewa al-Kurdi da kansa ya shahara a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan jagororin ruhaniya na lokacinsa, musamman a Jordan, kawai ya ba da izininsa ga al-Shaghouri ya zama jagora na ruhaniya kuma magajinsa bayan mutuwarsa.

Duk da jajircewarsa ga tsarin ruhaniya, al-Shaghouri koyaushe yana ci gaba da aiki har sai rashin lafiyarsa ta sa ya kasa aiki. Ya kasance ma'aikacin masana'antu kuma wakilin Siriya a cikin Kungiyar Ma'aikatan Larabawa ta United Arab . An tilasta masa ya yi murabus saboda ya ki bin tsarin mallakar masana'antu a Siriya, kuma daga baya ya zama malami a cibiyoyin addini da yawa a Damascus. Ya kuma kasance wakilin ma'aikata a majalisar dokokin Siriya. Shekaru da yawa ya kuma ba da laccoci a Masallacin al-Khayyat a Damascus, har zuwa 1999 lokacin da bugun jini ya haifar da dogon lokaci kuma ya bar shi ya raunana sosai.

A matsayinsa na mawaƙi a cikin mawaƙa na al-Hashimi don hadra, al-Shaghouri ya haddace yawancin waƙoƙi masu ban mamaki, wanda ya zama tushen yawancin koyarwarsa da koyarwarsa. Shi kansa mawaki ne, kuma ana yawan rera waka a cikin hadra, kuma ana ci gaba da rerawa a yau. Waƙoƙin Al-Shaghouri sun samo asali ne daga al'adun wallafe-wallafen Larabci da na Musulunci, kuma sun haɗu da ainihin kwarewar ruhaniya tare da babban ƙwarewar dabarun waka. Waƙoƙinsa, a cikin abun ciki da kuma cikin tsari, suna kama da na Ibn al-Farid, Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi da Ahmad al-Alawi . Ya wallafa waƙoƙinsa a cikin *diwan* wanda ya shirya zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarsa, mai taken "*Al-hada'iq al-nadiyya fī al-nasamat al-ruhiyya*" ("The dewy gardens in the spiritual breezes"). An buga wasu waƙoƙi daban a cikin tarin da yawa.

## Rashin ƙarfi da mutuwa
Duk da raunin da ya yi daga baya, bai daina karbar baƙi ba ko halartar hadra na mako-mako a masallacin Nur al-Din al-Shahid, a tsohuwar kwata na Damascus. Ya mutu a ranar 8 ga Yuni 2004. Babban taron jama'a sun taru don halartar jana'izarsa a masallacin da aka keɓe wa Shaykh Muhy al-Din Ibn Arabi . Habib Ali al-Jifri, daga Yemen, sanannen wakilin ilimin gargajiya da Sufism a kafofin watsa labarai na Larabawa ne ya jagoranci addu'ar jana'izar. Masana da talakawa sun yi makoki sosai game da mutuwarsa, kuma an san shi da yawa a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan masu farfadowa na Shadhili tariqa da Sufism gabaɗaya, musamman a Siriya.

Har ila yau, gadonsa da saninsa sun zama sananne (musamman a cikin duniyar Ingilishi) ta hanyar dalibai biyu na Amurka waɗanda ya ba da izini a cikin Shadhili tariqa, Nuh Ha Mim Keller da Zaid Shakir .

## Ayyuka
Tarin waƙoƙinsa

*Al-hada'iq al-nadiyya fī al-nasamat al-ruhiyya* ("The Dewy Gardens in the Spiritual Breezes"), Damascus, Dār fajr al-'urūba, 2nd ed. , 1998.

## Almajirai

* Shaykh Nuh Ha Mim Keller
* Shaykh Zaid Shakir
* Shaykh Muhammad al-Yaqoubi
* Shaykh Gibril Haddad
* Habib Ali al-Jifri
* Shaykh Ismail al-Kurdi
* Shaykh Mahmoud al-Husseini

## Duba kuma

* Sheikh Abubakr Ahmad
* Muhammad al-Yaqoubi
* Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri
* Syed Waheed Ashraf
* Hamza Yusuf

## Manazarta

; Tushe

* [Hasiya] , *Hanyar Sufi a Duniya: Shadhiliyya*, Paris, Maisonneuve & Larose.
* Keller, Nuh Ha Mim (1998), *Kira na Shadhili Order*, Amman, Al-Fath.
* Keller, Nuh Ha Mim (1999), Amincewa da Matafiyi, fassarar 'Umdat al-Salik di Ahmad Ibn Naqib al-Misri, Beltsville, Amana Publications.

An rubuta rubuce-rubuce guda biyu a kan Al-Shaghouri:

* Radwan Izzouli, "Al-Shaghouri, sa'ir sufi fi al-qar al-ashrin" (Al-Shakhouri mawaki Sufi a cikin XX secolo), Damascus, 2002.  (Master thesis da marubucin ya tattauna a Jami'ar Lebanon da ke Beirut) 
* Fabio Pesaresi, "Un popolo di ebbri: la khamriyya di Abd al-Rahman al-Shaghouri (1912-2004) ", (Dissertation Thesis in the course in Oriental Languages and Civilizations, Urbino University, Italiya).

Tarin waƙoƙi da ke dauke da ayyukansa:

* Alawī, Abu al-, *<nowiki/>'Abbās Ahad ibn Mustafā, al-* (1986), Dīwān, Tunisi
* Khatīb al-Hasanī, 'Abd al-'Azīz al- (1994), *Al-nafahāt al-'aliyya fī anāšīd Hadhra al-šādhiliyya* (Maganar iska a cikin waƙoƙin Shadhili hadra), Damascus, Maktaba al-darwišiyya, 1994
* Qabbānī, Muhammad al-'Arabi al- (1998), ed., *Ğami'u al-nafahāt al-qudsiyya fī al-anāšid al-dīniyya wa al-qasa'id al-'irfaniyya wa al'muwaššahat al-andalusiyya* (Tarin numfashi mai tsarki a cikin waƙoƙin addini, odes na gnostic da waƙoƙar Andalusian), Beirut, Dār al-ha

## Haɗin waje

* "Obituary: Sheikh Abd al-Rahman al-Shaghouri: Light Apon Light in Damascus", Keller, Nuh Ha Mim (2004), ShadhiliTariqa.com.
* Haske na Rayuwar Sheikh 'Abd al-Rahman al-Shaghouri
* Littafin "The Defense of the sunnah" https://web.archive.org/web/20120907053436/http://mac.abc.se/~onesr/d/defs_e.pdf