open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Rasammah Bhupalan

**Rasammah Bhupalan** ( Tamil  , 1 ga Mayu 1927 - 13 ga Mayu 2025), kuma aka sani da **Rasammah Naomi Navarednam** ko **FR Bhupalan**, ƴancin Malesiya ce kuma mai fafutukar zamantakewar asalin Tamil .

Bhupalan ta yi fafutukar kare muradu kamar fafutukar hana shan miyagun kwayoyi, kare hakkin mata, ilimi, da kuma dalilan adalci a zamantakewa.

## Kafin samun 'yancin kai
Rasammah tana ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da suka shiga yaƙin neman 'yancin kai na Malaysia (a lokacin Malaya ). Ta shiga ƙungiyar Rani ta Jhansi, reshen mata na rundunar sojojin ƙasar Indiya, don yaƙi da Birtaniya.  Ta yi aiki a Burma a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu .

## Haƙƙoƙin mata
A matsayinta na shugabar ƙungiyar malamai ta mata, ta yi fafutukar ganin an daidaita albashin mata, sannan ta yi ƙoƙarin kawo ƙungiyoyin malamai daban-daban a ƙarƙashin inuwarta.

Tsohuwar shugabar makarantar ita ce wakiliyar Asiya ta farko a ƙungiyar ƙungiyoyin koyarwa ta duniya na wa'adi biyu a jere. Ta kuma kasance mai himma sosai a Majalisar Ƙungiyoyin Mata ta Ƙasa (NCWO) da kuma Pemadam.

## Mutuwa
Bhupalan ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Mayu 2025, yana da shekaru 98. 

## Ganewa
Bhupalan ta kasance malamar makaranta a Makarantar Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur (MBSSKL) daga 1959 zuwa 1964 kuma ita ce shugabar Makarantar 'Yan Mata ta Methodist Kuala Lumpur (MGSKL) na tsawon shekaru 14 daga 1969 har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a 1982. A ranar 21 ga Nuwamba 2006, Ministan Al'adu, Fasaha da Yawon Bude Ido, Datuk Rais Yatim, ya ƙaddamar da wani littafi mai suna *Footprints on The Sands of Time, Rasammah Bhupalan: Rayuwar Manufar* da Aruna Gopinath ta rubuta. A ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 2007, Bhupalan tana cikin ƙwararrun malamai da aka karrama a bikin cin abincin cika shekaru 110 na bikin cika shekaru 10 na MBSSKL. An shirya wannan cin abincin dare musamman don girmama dukkan tsoffin malamai da na yanzu na makarantar.

Tarihin rayuwar, wanda aka buga tare da goyon bayan Ma'aikatar Tarihi ta Ƙasa, ma'aikatar da NCWO, ya shafi rayuwar Rasammah da aka gani a cikin wani yanayi na tarihi.

## Manazarta
Tatiana Turanskaya

**Tatiana Mikhailovna Turanskaya** (Russian: Татьяна Михайловна Туранская, Ukrainian: Тетяна Михайлівна Туранська, romanized: Tetiana Mykhailivna Turanska; born November 20, 1972) is a Transnistrian politician who served as Prime Minister of Transnistria from 2013 to 2015. Prior to her tenure as prime minister she was active in the local affairs of Rîbnița, where she rose to become head of the local government. In 2019, she and seven other women associated with President Yevgeny Shevchuk were sentenced to eight years in prison.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Turanskaya Tatyana Mikhailovna a Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi, Jamhuriyar Socialist Soviet ta Ukraine, Tarayyar Soviet, a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba 1972. Ita 'yar Ukraine ce. Ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Tattalin Arziki ta Odesa a shekarar 1995.

Turanskaya ya kasance mai binciken haraji a Rîbnița daga 1999 zuwa 2012. An nada ta a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban batutuwan tattalin arziki a cikin karamar hukuma a Rîbnița a shekarar 2012, sannan a matsayin mataimakin shugaban farko makonni biyu bayan haka, mukaddashin shugaban a ranar 29 ga Yuni, sannan kuma a matsayin shugaban a ranar 30 ga Agusta. Shugaba Yevgeny Shevchuk ya nada Turanskaya a matsayin mataimakin Firayim Minista na ci gaban yanki a ranar 19 ga Yuni 2013. [1] [1]

Firayim Minista Pyotr Stepanov ya yi murabus a shekarar 2013,  kuma an nada Turanskaya a matsayin mukaddashin Firayim Ministan a ranar 20 ga Yuni. Shevchuk ya nada ta a matsayin Firayim Minista a ranar 10 ga Yuli.   An zabi Maya Parnas don maye gurbin ta a matsayin Firayim Minista a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 2015. 

A cikin 2019, Turanskaya da wasu mata bakwai da ke da alaƙa da gwamnatin Shevchuk an yanke musu hukuncin shekaru takwas a kurkuku saboda hana kashi 30% na fensho da albashi na ma'aikatan gwamnati a cikin 2015. 

## Manazarta
Liz Ross

Liz Ross mai fafutuka gurguzu ce ta dogon lokaci kuma marubuciya ce da ke zaune a Melbourne, Australia . Ta yi kamfen don 'Yancin Mata da' Yancin Gay tun 1972 kuma ta kasance wakilin ƙungiyar a Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Jama'a na tsawon shekaru goma a zamanin Hawke.[1] Musamman, ta ba da cikakken bayani game da gwagwarmayar masana'antu a Ostiraliya, tare da ma'aikatan gwagwarmaya a duka biyu da suka mutu a cikin Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Ma'aikata da Ƙungiyar Nurses ta Royal Australian . [2][3] Har ila yau, memba ce ta kungiyar Trotskyist Socialist Alternative, [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] da kuma jam'iyyarta ta ƙungiyar zaɓe Victorian Socialists [ana buƙatar hujja] da kuma memba na kafa da rai na Australian Lesbian and Gay Archives . [4] [ana buƙatar hujja] [ana buƙatar hujja]

## Rubuce-rubuce
A cikin 2013, Ross ya rubuta Revolution is for us: The Left and Gay Liberation in Australia, wanda Interventions ya buga, wanda ya karyata ikirarin cewa Marxism ba shi da al'adar magance zalunci na jima'i. Victorian Equal Love Convenor kuma ɗan'uwansa memba na Socialist Alternative, Ali Hogg ya ce game da littafin: "Littafin Ross mai tayar da hankali ya kalubalanci ra'ayoyin al'ada game da asalin ƙungiyoyin Lesbian da Gay na zamani. "

A shekara ta 2004, Ross ya rubuta Dare to gwagwarmaya, dare to win! Masu ginin ma'aikata suna yaki da rushewa, 1981-94,  wanda Vulgar Press ta buga, wanda ya tsara tarihin kungiyar masu fafutuka ta Builders Labourers Federation. David Renton na Tarihin Kwadago ya kira littafin "wani labari mai ban mamaki wanda ke ɗaukar ƙalubalen fahimtar abubuwan da suka gabata ta hanyar idanun mutanen da suka fahimci cewa ƙungiyoyin kwadago masu ƙarfi na ma'aikata marasa ƙwarewa abu ne mai ban sha'awa da daraja, maza da (sau da yawa) mata waɗanda suka yi yaƙi da shuwagabannin da kotuna. "

## Littattafan da aka zaɓa

* Juyin Juya Halin Hagu ne da 'Yanci na Gay a Ostiraliya, Interventions, Melbourne, 2013.
* Mata masu tayar da kayar baya a cikin Tarihin Ma'aikata na Australiya, (Tare da Sandra Bloodworth, Janey Stone, Tom O'Lincoln, Diane Fieldes. Bloodworth da O'Linkoln ne suka shirya shi), *Red Rag*, Melbourne, 2008.
* Yadda jari-hujja ke kashe mu duniya, Socialist Alternative, Melbourne, 2008.
* Ƙarfin yin gwagwarmaya, ƙarfin cin nasara! Masu ginin Ma'aikata suna yaƙi da cire rajista, 1981-94 [maɓallin mutu na dindindin], Vulgar Press, 2004.

## Zaɓuɓɓukan labarai

* Ya kasance tashin hankali! Shekaru 30 tun lokacin da aka fara amfani da ita a Ostiraliya, Socialist Alternative, Edition 125, Fabrairu 2008.
* Me ya sa jari-hujja ba amsar ba ce, ON LINE Opinion, 2008.
* Ƙungiyoyin Gine-gine da Gyaran Gwamnati: Ƙalubalen Ƙungiyoyin, *Jaridar Tattalin Arziki ta Australiya*, 2005.
* Gay Liberation: Pink triangles, ja banners, Australian Gay Left, (Da farko ya bayyana a cikin Socialist Action na 13, Oktoba 1986).

## Manazarta
Babu Cav

**No Cav** wata ƙungiya ce ta zanga-zangar Italiya da ta taso a farkon ƙarni na 21, tana sukar wuraren hakar marmara na Carrara da carbonate a cikin tsaunukan Apuan .     

## Suna da tuta

An yi amfani da kalmar *No Cav*, a takaice don "Babu Kogo" (Babu Kwarin Ruwa, a cikin Italiyanci), a karon farko a cikin wani labarin daga Il Tirreno a cikin 2014 don bayyana masu fafutukar da suka shiga zanga-zangar da Salviamo le Apuane ta shirya (*Save Apuan Alps*). 

Tutar No Cav wata alama ce ta launin baƙi da fari ta Vara viaduct na Carrara Private Marble Railway da aka haɗa ta da babban ja X, a sama akwai kalmomin "NO CAV", waɗanda kuma aka yi da ja, a kan farin bango.

Wannan alama, wacce ƙirar zane-zanenta ta tuna da ƙungiyar No TAV ta Italiya, ta fara bayyana a shekarar 2020, a lokacin wani taron da masanin muhalli Gianluca Briccolani ya shirya, wanda a shekara mai zuwa, tare da Claudio Grandi da sauransu, suka kafa ƙungiyar Apuane Libere ( *Free Apuan Alps* ).

Duk ƙungiyoyin wannan motsi ba su yi amfani da tutar da kalmar "Babu Cav" ba, kuma wasu daga cikinsu sun fi son amfani da takamaiman ma'anoni.

## Halaye

An rarraba ƙungiyar No Cav ta hanyar ƙungiyar Italiya ta Atlas of Environmental Conflicts, wani ɓangare na Environmental Justice Atlas, a matsayin "rikici mai aiki don neman hanyoyin da za su dawwama".
Tsawon shekaru, masu ra'ayin kare muhalli sun sami nasarar haɓaka wani motsi na ra'ayi mai zurfi a cikin ƙungiyoyin jama'a wanda ya shafi jigon kare tsaunukan Apuan. 

Hanyoyin adawa da masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a na No Cav ke amfani da su sun haɗa da zanga-zanga,  zanga -zanga,  -zangar nuna ƙarfi,  ɗaukaka ƙara, [5] koke-koke,    ayyukan nuna ƙarfi (kamar wanda aka yi a Giro d'Italia 2021   ko a kan ƙololuwar Mont Blanc   ), shingayen hanyoyi, [  ƙara,   shirye-shiryen siyasa (a matakin gida,  na yanki,   na ƙasa,  na Turai    da na ƙasashen duniya  ), bayanan jama'a,  matsin lamba ga kamfanoni,   shirye-shiryen takardu masu zaman kansu,   da kuma fafutukar kafofin watsa labarai . 

Daga cikin taken yakin neman zaben da suka taso daga zanga-zangar, banda No Cav, akwai "Basta Cave"  (wanda aka fassara da *Enough Quarries* : *Stop the Quarries* ), "Giù le mani dalla montagna"  ( *Hands off the Mountain* ), "Fermiamo la devastazione"  ( *Mu dakatar da Bala'i* ), "Taimako Alps na Apuan",  "Le cave uccidono il passato e il futuro"  wanda ƙungiyoyi da yawa da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban ke bi:

## Manazarta
Geoffrey Lemprière

**Geoffrey Raoul Lemprière** OBE (3 ga Mayu 1904 &#x2013; 20 ga Maris 1977) ɗan ƙasar Ostiraliya ne kuma soja.

An haife shi a Elsternwick, babban ɗan mai sayar da auduga Audley Raoul Lemprière da Adelaide Maude, *wanda aka fi sani da* Greene. Mahaifinsa jikan Thomas Lempriere ne. Ya halarci Makarantar Grange Hill Open Air School da ke Sandringham da Makarantar Geelong Grammar kafin ya yi karatu a Switzerland a L'Ecole de Commerce da ke Neuchâtel. Bayan wani lokaci a Turai, ya koma Australia kuma aka zaɓe shi a matsayin darektan kamfanin mahaifinsa, AR Lemprière Pty Ltd, lokacin da na biyu ya mutu a 1931. Yana zaune a Belgium a wannan lokacin, amma ya koma Australia lokacin da Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ya ɓarke. Bayan watanni goma sha biyu a cikin Rundunar Sojojin Sama ta Australiya, ya koma Rundunar Sojojin Sama ta Royal Australian a watan Yulin 1941 kuma aka tura shi Rabaul . A lokacin da aka kwashe shi daga New Britain, 'yan Japan suka kama shi kuma aka aika shi sansanin fursunan yaƙi a Japan ; an ambace shi a cikin aika-aikarsa saboda halayensa a matsayin fursunan yaƙi. 

Ya koma tsohon mukaminsa bayan yaƙin, amma ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1955. Bayan wani lokaci yana aiki a matsayin jakadan kasuwanci na Australiya zuwa Indiya, ya zauna a Tasmania kuma ya zama shugaban jam'iyyar Liberal, yana aiki a matsayin shugaban zartarwa na tarayya daga 1961 zuwa 1965. An naɗa Lemprière a matsayin Jami'in Order of the British Empire a 1969, ya mutu a Shearwater a 1977. Bai taɓa yin aure ba. 'Yan uwansa William da Peter suma sanannu ne wajen siyan ulu, [1] yayin da mai fasaha Helen Lempriere (wadda danginta na mawaƙiya Nellie Melba ne ) 'yar uwarsa ce.

## Manazarta
Maggie Borg

**Maggie Borg** (14 Janairu 1952 - 3 Agusta 2004) ta kasance mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin muhalli da zamantakewa a Malta. 

## Mai fafutukar kare muhalli
Maggie Borg ƙwararriyar mai kare muhalli ce a ƙasar Malta.  Ta yi aiki tare da Abokan Duniya (Malta) da Greenpeace Mediterranean.   

Manyan manufofinta sune haɓaka sake amfani da makamashi mai tsafta a Malta da ƙasashen Bahar Rum, da kuma kiyaye yanayi a yankunan karkara.   Ta yi aiki tare da wasu masu fafutukar kare muhalli na Malta kamar Julian Manduca. Ƙungiyar mawakan rock ta Maltese, Dripht, ta sadaukar da kundin waƙoƙinta *na Global Warning* ga masu fafutukar kare muhalli.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Maggie Borg a Cospicua a ranar 14 ga Janairun 1952.  &#x5B; ** &#x5D; Ita ce babbar 'yar a cikin iyali mai 'yan'uwa 10. Bayan ta yi karatu a Makarantar Jama'a ta Cospicua, ta yi aiki a matsayin jagorar yawon buɗe ido, mataimakiyar shago da kuma mai tsara kayan sawa na ulu kafin ta shiga Greenpeace. Borg ta yi aure tun tana ƙarama amma auren ya ƙare. 

Ta zauna a Naxxar da Mosta kafin ta koma Zebbug . Ta ci gaba da karatunta a matsayin ɗalibi mai girma a Jami'ar Malta inda ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam da Nazarin Muhalli a shekarar 1993. Ta ƙirƙiri wani kwas a fannin nazarin muhalli don manhajar makarantun sakandare kuma ta fara koyar da azuzuwan sakandare a Makarantar San Anton . Ɗalibai da iyaye sun yaba da hanyar da take bi wajen koyarwa.   Ta ambato marubuciya *mai zaman kanta ta Malta,* Daphne Caruana Galizia : "An ɗauki hanyoyinta a matsayin marasa tsari har sai da ɗalibanta suka fara samun maki 1 da 2 a jarrabawar MATSEC." 

## Mutuwa
Maggie Borg ta mutu sakamakon cutar kansar mama a ranar 3 ga Agusta 2004,  tana da shekaru 52, bayan ta kamu da cutar kusan shekaru goma. Ta ci gaba da aiki har sai da ta mutu, tana tallafawa dalilai daban-daban ciki har da Gidauniyar Ciwon daji ta Malta. 

## Manazarta
James W. Lance

**James Waldo Lance** AO, CBE (1926–2019), wanda aka fi sani da **James Lance** da **James W. Lance**, ƙwararren likitan jijiyoyi ne na Australiya. Shi ne wanda ya kafa Makarantar Ilimin Jijiyoyi a Jami'ar New South Wales kuma shugaban ƙungiyar Ciwon Kai ta Duniya a 1987–89,  kuma "hukuma ce ta duniya kan gano da magance ciwon kai da migraine ."  

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Lance a Wollongong, New South Wales a ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 1926. Iyayensa suna da shagon sayar da kayayyaki na gida a Wollongong. Kakansa na wajen uwa, James Douglas Stewart, farfesa ne a fannin kimiyyar dabbobi a Jami'ar Sydney kuma memba ne na CSIRO. 

An tura shi karatu a Makarantar Tudor House, Moss Vale, a Kudancin tsaunukan New South Wales (bayan an tura shi can da fatan samun iska mai kyau zai rage masa asma ) sannan kuma a Makarantar Geelong Grammar da Makarantar Sarki, Parramatta. 

Lance ya yi karatun likitanci a Jami'ar Sydney, inda ya kammala karatunsa a matsayin MBBS a shekarar 1950.

## Sydney, London, Boston
A shekarun 1950-51 ya kasance babban jami'in lafiya a Asibitin Royal Prince Alfred kuma a 1952-53 ya sami gurbin karatu a Majalisar Binciken Lafiya da Lafiya ta Ƙasa a Jami'ar Sydney, inda ya kammala karatun digirin Diktora a fannin Magunguna. 

A shekarar 1954, Lance ta yi karatu a Landan, Birtaniya a matsayin likitan jijiyoyi sannan ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin likitan gida a Asibitin Ƙasa (wanda yanzu aka sani da Asibitin Ƙasa don Ilimin Jijiyoyi da Surgery na Jijiyoyi ) da ke Queen Square, London.[1]

Bayan ya dawo Sydney, ya yi aiki a matsayin malami (1956–60) a Kwalejin St Paul da kuma malami mai ziyara (1956–62) a Jami'ar Sydney, sannan a Cibiyar Nazarin Jijiyoyi ta Northcott, Cammeray (1956–57), Asibitin Sydney (1956–61) da Asibitin St Luke, Elizabeth Bay (1957–61). 

A shekarar 1960 ya yi tafiya zuwa Amurka inda ya gudanar da bincike a Babban Asibitin Massachusetts da ke Boston. 

## Jami'ar New South Wales
A shekarar 1961 ya shiga Makarantar Likitanci da aka kafa a Jami'ar New South Wales, shi ne wanda ya kafa Sashen Ilimin Jijiyoyi. Zai ci gaba da zama a wannan jami'ar har tsawon aikinsa na ilimi (1961–92), ya fara a matsayin babban malami, daga baya aka naɗa shi mataimakin farfesa, farfesa a fannin ilimin jijiyoyi (da kujera ta musamman), sannan a ƙarshe a matsayin Farfesa Emeritus. 

A wannan lokacin ya kuma ga marasa lafiya a Asibitocin Yarima Henry da Prince of Wales (1961–92) kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan gidauniyar Cibiyar Kimiyyar Jijiyoyi (1990–91). 

A shekarar 1980 aka zaɓe shi a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Australiya.

## Manazarta
Rote Revue

***Rote Revue*** wani bangare ne na Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ta Switzerland kuma ta wanzu tsakanin 1921 da 2009.

## Tarihi da bayanin martaba
Robert Grimm da Ernst Nobs ne suka kafa *Rote Revue* a shekarar 1921.  Nobs shine editan farko. 

Daga 1921 zuwa 1966, mujallar ta bayyana a ƙarƙashin taken Rote Revue: sozialistische Monatsschrift ("socialist monthly revue"). Daga 1967 zuwa 1980 ya bayyana a ƙarƙashin taken Profile: sozialdemokratische Zeitschrift für Politik, Wirtschaft und Kultur . Daga 1980 zuwa 1989 ya bayyana a ƙarƙashin taken Rote Revue - Profile: Monatszeitschrift . Daga 1989 zuwa 2009, ya bayyana a ƙarƙashin taken Rote Revue: Zeitschrift für Politik, Wirtschaft und Kultur . 

*Rote Revue* ya daina aiki a shekarar 2009.   An samar da dukkan bugu a yanar gizo ta hanyar Swiss Electronic Academic Library Service (SEALS) a shekarar 2014. 

## Manazarta
Jock Landale

**Jock Landale** (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Oktoba 1995) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando ne na Australiya a ƙungiyar Memphis Grizzlies ta Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Ƙasa (NBA). Ya buga ƙwallon kwando ta kwaleji a ƙungiyar Saint Mary's Gaels. Landale kuma yana wakiltar ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Australiya. Yana cikin ƙungiyar Australiya da ta lashe tagulla a gasar Olympics ta Tokyo ta 2020.

## Rayuwar farko
Landale ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na farko a Ostiraliya, amma ya daina wasan har sai da ya sake dawowa a Makarantar Grammar Geelong da ke Corio, Victoria. Ci gaban da ya haifar da ƙaruwar kusan ƙafa ɗaya daga aji 9 zuwa aji 12 ya ɗaga matsayinsa na ɗan wasa kuma ya taimaka masa ya sami tallafin karatu zuwa Kwalejin Saint Mary's, wata makarantar NCAA Division I ta Amurka.[1]

## Aikin kwaleji
Landale ɗan wasan benci ne a lokacin da yake ɗan shekara ɗaya, amma ya ƙara matsayinsa na ɗan shekara biyu kuma ya ji daɗin kakar wasa ta farko a matsayin ɗan shekara uku, wani ɓangare saboda ingantaccen yanayin wasa.  A wasu lokutan, Landale ya yi fice a wasanni, kamar nasarar da ya samu a kan BYU a ranar 5 ga Janairu 2017 inda ya ci 11-13 daga filin wasa don maki 26.  Ya samu matsakaicin maki 16.9 da kuma bugun ƙwallo 9.5, wanda hakan ya jagoranci Gaels zuwa gasar NCAA ta 2017. Yawan 'yan wasansa sun fi burgewa lokacin da ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin maza na Division I 351 ya samu ƙarancin mallakar wasa a kowane wasa fiye da Gaels a wannan kakar. A ƙarshen kakar wasa, an naɗa shi a matsayin ƙungiyar farko ta All- West Coast Conference (WCC). 

Landale ya zira kwallaye 33 kuma ya samu kwallaye 12 a wasan da ya sha kashi a hannun Georgia a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba. A ranar 22 ga Janairu 2018, Landale ya zama gwarzon dan wasan NBC Sports na mako, bayan ya bayar da maki 24 da kwallaye 12 a wasan da suka yi da Gonzaga da maki 32 da kwallaye bakwai a wasan da suka yi da Pacific. Ya samu matsakaicin maki 21.5, kwallaye 10.2 da kuma kwallaye 1.1 a kowane wasa a matsayinsa na babban dan wasa. An nada Landale a matsayin dan wasan West Coast Conference na shekara yayin da abokin karawarsa Emmett Naar aka nada shi a cikin Gasar Cin Kofin Kungiyar Farko.

## Sana'ar ƙwararru

### Partizan (2018–2019)
Bayan an cire shi daga cikin jerin 'yan wasan NBA na 2018, Landale ya rattaba hannu da Atlanta Hawks don NBA Summer League. Ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu da Partizan na ABA League a ranar 31 ga Yuli 2018. Sama da wasanni 24 na ABA League, Landale ya samu matsakaicin maki 12 da kuma bugun ramuwar gayya 5.6, yayin da ya zura kwallaye 56.6% daga filin wasa. Saboda rawar da ya taka, an sanya shi cikin jerin 'yan wasan farko na 2018–19 ABA League Ideal Starting Five.

## Manazarta
Henry Sandford King

**Henry Sandford King** (1862 - 1930) masanin ilimin ƙasa ne na ƙasar Australiya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Janar na Surveyor na Yammacin Ostiraliya daga 1918 zuwa 1923.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife shi a Creswick, Victoria, Ostiraliya a watan Mayu 1862.

Ya auri Dorothea Lefroy ('yar Gerald de Courcy da Elizabeth Brockman) a shekarar 1886. Sun haifi 'ya'ya shida.

Ya mutu a shekarar 1930 a Papua New Guinea. An gano cewa musabbabin mutuwarsa shine ciwon huhu. 

## Ilimi
Ya kammala karatunsa a Makarantar Grammar Geelong.

Daga baya ya halarci Kwalejin Wesley, Melbourne.

## Sana'a
Ya sami Takardar Shaidar Mai Binciken Lasisi a shekarar 1883.

Ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Jami'in Binciken Sararin Samaniya na Yammacin Ostiraliya daga 1918 zuwa 1923.[1]

An sanya wa Sarkin Tafkin, Yammacin Ostiraliya suna bayansa.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin hayar makiyaya a Yammacin Ostiraliya
* Babban Jami'in Bincike na Yammacin Ostiraliya
* Tafkin King, Yammacin Ostiraliya

## Manazarta
Cibiyar Muhalli ta Mata

**Ƙungiyar Muhalli ta Mata** **(WEN)**, ƙungiya ce ta Burtaniya da ke da nufin tallafawa mata, wacce ke fafutukar magance mummunan tasirin da ke tattare da muhalli da lafiyar mata da yara.  

## Manazarta
Sam Lalor

**Samuel Lalor** ( LAW -lah,  an haife shi a ranar 30 ga Agusta 2006) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Ostiraliya wanda ke bugawa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Richmond a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Australiya (AFL). Ɗan wasan tsakiya mai ƙarfi, an zaɓe shi a matsayin wanda aka zaɓa a matsayin lamba ɗaya a zaɓen AFL na 2024 kuma ya fara buga wasa a zagaye na 1 na kakar wasa ta 2025.

## Rayuwar farko da ƙwallon ƙafa ta matasa
An haifi Lalor a garin Bacchus Marsh na ƙasar Victoria, mai nisan kilomita 50 arewa maso yammacin Melbourne. Yana ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'ya huɗu da suka haifi Steve da mahaifiyarsa Caitlyn. Ya girma yana goyon bayan Collingwood.

Lalor ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta matasa tare da Bacchus Marsh Football Club a gasar Ballarat Football Netball League (BFNL).  Ya halarci Kwalejin St Patrick da ke Ballarat har zuwa shekara ta 10 a 2022, kuma ya buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta makarantar wasa a lokacin.   

A shekarar 2022, yana da shekaru 15, Lalor ya fara bugawa Greater Western Victoria Rebels wasa a gasar Talent League. Ya jagoranci Vic Country a gasar cin kofin kasa ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 16 ta AFL, kuma an sanya shi a cikin kungiyar All-Australian ta gasar.

Baya ga ƙwallon ƙafa, Lalor ƙwararren ɗan wasan kurket ne mai hazaka, yana taka leda a matsayin babban mai ba da shawara kuma ya ƙware a tsarin wasanni masu iyaka. [1] Ya wakilci yankin Victoria's Country a Gasar Cin Kofin Ƙasa ta 'Yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta 2022/23 kuma ya buga wasa da Northcote Cricket Club 'Yan ƙasa da shekara 17 da kuma ƙungiyar rukuni na huɗu na ƙungiyar a gasar Firimiya ta Victorian a wannan bazarar. [undefined] [undefined] Lalor ya taɓa buga wasan kurket na farko na XI tare da Bacchus Marsh a Ƙungiyar Kurket ta Gisborne & District, gami da zira kwallaye ɗari a watan Janairun 2022 yana da shekara 15. [2] Ya bar wasan kurket don mai da hankali kan ƙwallon ƙafa a tsakiyar shekarar 2023.[1]

A shekarar 2023, Lalor ya ƙaura zuwa makarantu, inda ya karɓi tallafin karatu na wasanni don jagorantar makarantar a Makarantar Geelong Grammar, inda ya buga wa ƙungiyoyin wasan kurket da ƙwallon ƙafa ta makarantar a gasar Makarantar Jama'a ta Associated .    Duk da cewa ya fi sauran abokan wasansa shekara ɗaya, Lalor an zaɓe shi a wannan shekarar don wakiltar Vic Country a Gasar Cin Kofin 'Yan Ƙasa da Shekaru 18 ta AFL ta 2023, inda ya buga wasanni biyu. A wannan shekarar ya yi ta fama da ciwon gwiwa, wanda ya kai har zuwa farkon watanni na kakar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta matasa ta 2024.  Lalor ya yi mako guda tare da Western Bulldogs a lokacin bazara na 2023/24, a matsayin wani ɓangare na Shirin Kwalejin AFL.

An nada Lalor a matsayin kyaftin na ƙungiyar Rebels Talent League a shekarar 2024, amma ya yi wasanni huɗu kacal da ƙungiyar saboda raunuka daban-daban da suka haɗa da cinyarsa, quadriceps da idon sawunsa.  Wani ƙarin rauni a cinyarsa ta hagu ya sa ya rasa wasan ƙarshe na gasar Talent League da ƙungiyarsa ta sha kashi a hannun Sandringham Dragons. 

Lalor ya zura kwallaye uku a kowanne wasa biyu na ƙarshe na Vic Country a gasar cin kofin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 ta AFL ta 2024. 

## Aikin AFL

## Manazarta
Brodie Kemp

**Brodie Kemp** (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Mayu 2001) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Australiya wanda ke buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Carlton a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Australiya (AFL). 

Carlton ne ya zaɓi Kemp a matsayi na 17 a cikin zaɓen AFL na 2019, wanda aka zaɓe shi daga Bendigo Pioneers. Bayan raunuka da yawa, ya buga wasanni 6 a cikin kakar wasa uku ta farko, kafin ya kafa kansa a cikin 'yan wasan baya a lokacin 2023, yana buga wasanni 17. 

Kemp ya buga wasanni 21 a shekarar 2024, kuma ya sauya sheka zuwa layin gaba a ƙarshen kakar wasa. A sabon matsayinsa na ɗan wasan gaba na biyu ko na uku, ya zira kwallaye biyar mafi kyau a tarihin rayuwarsa a zagaye na 3, 2025 a kan Western Bulldogs, [1] kafin ya sha wahala sakamakon fashewar jijiyar aski makonni biyu bayan haka wanda ya kawo ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2025.[2]

A watan Satumba na 2025, Kemp ya sanya hannu kan tsawaita kwantiraginsa har zuwa ƙarshen 2027.

## Manazarta
James Chester Manifold

**James Chester Manifold** (10 ga Fabrairu 1867 &#x2013; 30 ga Oktoba 1918) ɗan siyasa ne kuma mai taimakon jama'a na ƙasar Ostiraliya.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Manifold a Camperdown, Victoria, ya halarci Makarantar Grammar Geelong, kuma ya tafi Ingila tare da iyalinsa a 1881. Duk da haka, iyalin sun koma Ostiraliya saboda yanayin arewa bai yi daidai da lafiyarsa ba, kuma daga baya ya halarci Makarantar Grammar ta Cocin Melbourne ta Ingila . Lokacin da ya mallaki wani fili da mahaifinsa ya bar masa, galibi yana hayarsa ga manoman kiwo, waɗanda daga baya ya sayar musu da filin bisa ga ƙa'idodi masu sassaucin ra'ayi. Ya kasance darektan Kamfanin Cakuda da Man Shanu na Camperdown, wanda aka kafa a 1891, kuma shi ne shugabansa bayan 1907.

Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Hampden Shire a shekarun 1890, inda ya zama shugabanta sau biyu. A ranar 11 ga Maris 1891, ya auri Lilian Eva Curle.

## Siyasar Tarayya
An zaɓi Manifold a Majalisar Wakilai ta Ostiraliya a shekarar 1901 a matsayin memba na farko na Corangamite, wanda ke wakiltar Jam'iyyar Kare Hakkin Bil Adama. Ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1903 saboda rashin lafiya, amma a shekarar 1913 an shawo kansa ya yi adawa da ɗan jam'iyyar Labour mai ci, Firayim Minista James Scullin na gaba, wanda ke wakiltar Jam'iyyar Commonwealth Liberal Party. Ya kayar da Scullin a zaɓen wannan shekarar, kuma ya riƙe kujerar har zuwa mutuwarsa ba zato ba tsammani sakamakon ciwon huhu a ranar 30 ga Oktoba 1918, a lokacin tafiya zuwa Arewacin Amurka. An binne shi a teku, kuma ya tsira da ɗa da 'ya mace. A shekarar 1921, Firayim Minista Stanley Bruce ya buɗe wani mutum-mutumin Manifold na Nelson Illingworth a Camperdown.

Ɗansa, Sir Thomas Chester Manifold, ya kasance memba na Majalisar Dokokin Victoria daga 1929 zuwa 1935, yana wakiltar gundumar zaɓe ta Hampden ga Jam'iyyar Nationalist sannan daga baya Jam'iyyar United Australia. 

## Manazarta

*
Kungiyar Cibiyoyin Ruwa (United Kingdom)

**Ƙungiyar Sadarwar Makamashi** (**ENA**) ƙungiya ce ta masana'antu da masu lasisin watsawa da rarraba iskar gas da wutar lantarki na Burtaniya ke ɗaukar nauyinta. Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa na yanzu shine Lawrence Slade.

An kafa ENA a watan Oktoba na 2003 bayan rushewar Ƙungiyar Wutar Lantarki zuwa ƙungiyoyi uku daban-daban na masana'antu:

* Ƙungiyar Cibiyoyin Sadarwar Makamashi
* Ƙungiyar Masu Samar da Wutar Lantarki
* Ƙungiyar Dillalan Makamashi

Bayan dakatar da ayyukan Gas Distribution Network na British Gas Transco, sun kuma shiga ENA.

Hukumar ENA ta sanar a watan Afrilun 2022 cewa tana da wani sabon shiri na matakai 3 don sabunta tsarin haɗa kadarori da hanyar samar da wutar lantarki ta Burtaniya.  A watan Disamba na 2022, an naɗa Lawrence Slade a matsayin babban jami'i. 

A watan Maris na 2023, ENA ta yi kira ga gwamnatin Burtaniya da ta samar da dabarun adana makamashi kafin karshen shekara. 

## Tsarin gini
Kamfanonin membobin ENA sune:

* Grid na Ƙasa
* ESO na Grid na Ƙasa
* Cibiyoyin Sadarwar Wutar Lantarki na Burtaniya
* Rarraba Wutar Lantarki ta Yamma
* Makamashin Scotland da Kudancin
* Arewacin Powergrid
* Ikon Scotland
* Lantarki a Arewa maso Yamma
* Lantarki na Arewacin Ireland
* GTC
* Cadent Gas
* SGN
* Cibiyoyin Sadarwar Iskar Gas na Arewa
* Ayyukan Wales da Yammacin Duniya
* Cibiyoyin sadarwa na ESB
* Lantarki na Arewacin Ireland
* Fulcrum
* Inexus

(an sabunta jerin a watan Afrilun 2018).

## aiki
Aikin ENA shine samar da wani tsari na musamman ga ɓangaren hanyoyin sadarwa na makamashi ta hanyar isar da muhimman saƙonni. Duk ayyukanta suna da alaƙa da ƙwarewar fasaha &#x2014; fiye da rabin ma'aikatan ƙungiyar ƙwararrun injiniyoyi ne. Kasidar yanar gizo ta ENA  ta ƙunshi ɗaruruwan takardu na tunani da suka shafi kebul, kayan haɗin gwiwa, kayan haɗin lantarki da na injiniya, hanyoyin watsawa da rarrabawa na sama, kayan sauyawa, shawarwarin injiniya da sauran bayanai. Ƙungiyar kuma tana rubuta kurakurai, lahani da bayanan tsaro a madadin masana'antar hanyoyin sadarwa.

## Manazarta
Berkshire, Buckinghamshire da Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust

Kamfanin **Berkshire, Buckinghamshire da Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust** ( **BBOWT** ) wani kamfani ne na Wildlife Trust wanda ke kula da gundumomin Berkshire, Buckinghamshire da Oxfordshire a Ingila .

A da, ana kiran wannan amintaccen da **Berkshire, Buckinghamshire da Oxfordshire Naturalists' Trust** ( **BBONT** ).

## Shafuka

### Berkshire

## Manazarta
Ingrida Siliūnienė

**Ingrida Siliūnienė** ita ce alƙalin ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙungiyar Lithuania kuma tsohuwar 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙwallon.

## Rayuwa ta farko
Siliūnienė 'yar asalin garin Kaunas ce, Lithuania . 

## Ayyukan wasa
Siliūnienė ta taka leda a nasarar farko ta Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Lithuania, nasarar 3-2 a kan Estonia a shekarar 1997. 

## Ayyukan mai yanke hukunci
Siliūnienė ta yi hukunci a gasar Europa League . [1] Ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin zartarwa na Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Lithuania .

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Siliūnienė tana da 'ya'ya mata biyu. Ta yi aiki a matsayin malamin ilimin jiki.

## Manazarta
Ingrid Simler, Lady Simler

**Ingrid Ann Simler, Lady Simler**, DBE, PC (an haife ta 17 Satumba 1963) ita ce Mai Shari'a na Kotun Koli ta Ƙasar Ingila . Ta kasance a baya alƙali na Kotun daukaka kara ta Ingila da Wales . 

## Ayyuka
An haife ta ne a cikin iyalin Yahudawa, ta yi karatu a Makarantar Henrietta Barnett, Kwalejin Sidney Sussex, Cambridge da Jami'ar Amsterdam . 

A ranar 27 ga Yuni 2018, an ba da sanarwar cewa za a nada Simler a Kotun daukaka kara, nadin da ta dauka a ranar 2 ga Yulin 2019. 

Simler ta kasance shugabar Kwamitin Daidaitawa da Bambanci na Majalisar Lauyoyi, [undefined] kuma a ranar da aka sanar da nadin ta a benci na Babban Kotun a shekarar 2013 ta kasance shugaban ɗakunan ta. [1] Ita ce shugabar kwamitin daidaito, bambancin da hadawa na Haikali na ciki.

A ranar 17 ga Oktoba 2023, Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta ba da sanarwar cewa Simler zai zama Mai Shari'a na Kotun Koli ta Ƙasar Ingila.  An rantsar da ita a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba 2023. 

A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2024, an nada Simler a matsayin Baƙo na Kwalejin St Hugh, Oxford, wanda ya gaji Simon Brown, Baron Brown na Eaton-under-Heywood . 

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Ta auri John Bernstein a shekarar 1991, kuma tana da 'ya'ya maza biyu da mata biyu.

## Jerin shari'o'in da aka yanke hukunci

* *Mercer v Alternative Future Group Ltd* [2024] UKSC 12
* *Kostal UK Ltd v Dunkley* [2018] ICR 768 (EAT) 
* *Don Mata Scotland Ltd v Ministocin Scotland* [2025] UKSC 4

## Manazarta
Donald James Mackinnon

**Donald James Mackinnon** (1 Nuwamba 1928 &#x2013; 1 Oktoba 2017) ɗan siyasa ne ɗan asalin Ingila ɗan ƙasar Ostireliya.

An haife shi a Landan, babban jami'in kasuwanci kuma jami'in diflomasiyya Donald Mackinnon (ɗan ɗan siyasa Donald Mackinnon ) da Mary Hindle James. Kawunsa, Dan Mackinnon, ya zama ɗan siyasan tarayya na Australiya a shekarun 1950. Mackinnon ya yi karatu a Kwalejin St George da ke Buenos Aires sannan kuma a Makarantar Geelong Grammar. Ya halarci Jami'ar Melbourne, inda ya sami digirin farko na Kimiyya. Ya sami digiri na biyu irin wannan daga Jami'ar Oxford a 1953. Daga 1954, ya yi aiki a matsayin babban jami'i tare da Kamfanin Mai na Shell. A 1976, an zaɓe shi zuwa Majalisar Dokokin Victoria don Box Hill don Jam'iyyar Liberal. An kayar da shi a 1982.[1]

## Manazarta
Daraktocin Al'umma

**Daraktocin Al'umma** (Scottish Gaelic) ƙungiya ce ta Daraktocin Ayyukan Gwamnati a Gwamnatin Scotland . Direktocin da ke cikin manyan Daraktocin Al'umma suna ba da rahoto ga Darakta Janar, Louise MacDonald.

## Tarihi
An ƙirƙiri **Daraktocin Gudanarwa da Al'umma** ta hanyar sake tsara tsarin mulki a watan Disamba na 2010, inda aka naɗa Paul Gray a matsayin Darakta Janar.  A watan Yuni na 2014, an naɗa Sarah Davidson a matsayin Darakta Janar, inda yanzu ƙungiyar Daraktocin kawai ake kira "Al'ummomi". 

## Ministoci
Babu wata dangantaka kai tsaye tsakanin Ministoci da Hukumomin. Duk da haka, gabaɗaya, ayyukan Hukumomin sun haɗa da waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin ikon Sakatariyar Majalisar Dokoki ta Shari'a, Shirley-Anne Somerville MSP. Ministar Daidaito, Hijira da 'Yan Gudun Hijira, Ministar Ƙarfafawa da Tsare-tsare ta Ƙananan Hukumomi da Ministan Gidaje ne ke taimaka mata a wannan aikin.

## Daraktoci
Manyan Daraktocin Gwamnatin Scotland sun riga sun sami irin waɗannan tsare-tsare da ake kira "Sassan" waɗanda ba sa wanzuwa (kodayake har yanzu ana amfani da kalmar a wannan mahallin).  A matsayin wani ɓangare na babban sashe, Daraktocin Al'umma sun haɗa da wasu Daraktoci daban-daban masu taken:

* Daidaito, Haɗaka da Haƙƙin Dan Adam - Darakta: Alison Byrne
* Gwamnatin Ƙaramar Hukuma da Gidaje - Darakta: Sean Neill
* Gyaran Ayyukan Gwamnati - Darakta: Mary McAllan
* Tsaron Jama'a - Darakta: Stephen Kerr
* Magance Talauci da Adalci ga Yara - Darakta: Shirley Laing
* Mayar da Matsugunin Ukraine - Darakta na wucin gadi: Miriam Craven

Daraktocin kowane sashe suna ƙarƙashin jagorancin Daraktoci waɗanda Mataimakan Daraktoci ke taimaka musu.

## Manazarta
Sobel (Sierra Leone)

***Sobel*** (portmanteau na *soja* + *<nowiki/>'yan tawaye*) kalma ce da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin siyasar Saliyo don komawa ga mambobin Sojojin Saliyo waɗanda suka kai hare-haren 'yan ta'adda. A shekara ta 1997, mambobin rundunar soji da aka sani da Majalisar Juyin Juya Halin Sojoji (AFRC) sun shirya juyin mulki. Sojojin, wadanda ke fada da 'yan tawaye da aka sani da Revolutionary United Front (RUF), sun haɗu da sojojin tare da waɗancan' yan tawaye kuma sun juya bindigoginsu kan jama'a, tare da asarar rayuka da yawa da kuma ta'addanci da yawa. Koyaya, aikin goyon bayan soja ga 'yan tawaye ya riga ya wuce wannan lokacin yayin da sojoji ke da hannu wajen samar da bindigogi da harsashi ga' yan tawaye tun farkon 1993  kuma kalmar "sobel" ta bayyana a cikin amfani na yau da kullun daga 1994.

Kodayake fuskar jama'a ta RUF ta kasance adawa da gwamnatin cin hanci da rashawa, da sauri ta zama ƙungiyar 'yan fashi. Da farko suna adawa da RUF, sojoji sun aikata ta'addanci da yawa a kan fararen hula a yankunan 'yan tawaye, wanda ya haifar da ƙiyayya ga jama'a.[1][2] A cewar Feldman da Arrous, wannan ya kara rage halin kirki tsakanin sojoji kuma wannan, haɗe da ƙananan abinci na gwamnati, ya shawo kan sojoji, waɗanda ake kira "sobels" ("soja da rana - 'yan tawaye da dare") da mazauna ƙauyen da abin ya shafa, don shiga cikin 'yan ta'adda. Wannan kuma shine lokacin yaƙi kan lu'u-lu'u na jini, lokacin da ya zama mai fa'ida don bayyana yana aiki a matsayin sojoji yayin da yake amfani da albarkatun ma'adanai.[1] Inganci da horo na sojojin sun ragu bayan 1991, lokacin da aka fadada shi daga mutane 3,000 zuwa 16,000 don yaƙi da RUF, tare da waɗanda aka dauka ba a bincika su yadda ya kamata ba kuma ba su da "ma'anar jagora, buri, horo, ko aminci". [3][4]

Kodayake Saliyo ita ce inda "sobel" neologism ya samo asali, ana iya lura da irin wannan yanayi a wasu sassan Afirka. Misali, Feldman da Arrous sun nuna rawar da mayakan Tuareg ke takawa a Mali da Nijar. Yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya don kawo karshen tawaye na Tuareg wani lokacin sun haɗa tsoffin 'yan tawaye cikin sojojin ƙasa. A wasu lokuta, waɗannan 'yan tawaye sun yi rashin jin daɗi da sojojin, wanda ya haifar da barin su kuma su koma zama' yan tawaye.

## Manazarta
Sandy Mackenzie

**Alexander John Mackenzie** AM (an haife shi a ranar 29 ga Agusta 1941) tsohon ɗan siyasa ne na ƙasar Ostireliya. Ya kasance ɗan Majalisar Wakilai daga 1975 zuwa 1983, yana wakiltar mazabar Calare ta New South Wales a Jam'iyyar National Party. Ya kasance shugaban kwalejin noma kafin ya shiga majalisar dokoki kuma daga baya ya shiga cikin ƙungiyoyin kare muhalli.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Mackenzie a Melbourne a ranar 29 ga Agusta 1941.  An kashe mahaifinsa a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu yayin da yake yaƙi a yaƙin New Guinea kuma ya girma a gonar kakansa kusa da Seymour, Victoria. 

Mackenzie ya halarci Makarantar Grammar Geelong. Daga baya ya kammala digirin Master of Rural Science a Jami'ar New England. Bayan ya yi lacca a Kwalejin Marcus Oldham da ke Geelong na wani lokaci, ya koma New South Wales a shekarar 1970 kuma aka naɗa shi shugaban Kwalejin Aikin Gona ta Orange (daga baya aka haɗa shi da Jami'ar New England).

## Siyasa
An zaɓi Mackenzie a Majalisar Wakilai a zaɓen tarayya na 1975, inda ya riƙe kujerar Calare ga Jam'iyyar National Country Party bayan ritayar ɗan majalisa mai ci John England. 

A majalisar dokoki, Mackenzie ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Tsare-tsare kan Muhalli da Kare Muhalli daga 1980 zuwa 1983 kuma an naɗa shi mataimakin bulali na Jam'iyyar Ƙasa a 1981.[1] Kujerarsa ta ƙara zama mai rauni bayan sake raba ƙasa kafin zaɓen 1977 kuma an ɗauke shi a matsayin babban kujera a zaɓen, inda wasu jiga-jigan ƙasa suka yi kamfe a zaɓen.[2] Ya riƙe Calare kaɗan a zaɓen 1980, [3] amma ya rasa kujerarsa ga ɗan takarar Jam'iyyar Labour ta Australiya David Simmons a zaɓen 1983. [1]

## Manazarta
Tsuntsaye na daji da Wetlands Trust

Ƙungiyar **Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust** (**WWT**) ƙungiya ce ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta kare tsuntsayen daji da dausayi a Burtaniya .

## Tarihi
An kafa wannan amintaccen asusun ne a shekarar 1946 ta hannun masanin tsuntsaye kuma mai zane Sir Peter Scott a matsayin **Severn Wildfowl Trust** .

Wurin farko da aka gina a Slimbridge cibiyar bincike ne da kiyayewa. A wani mataki da ba a saba gani ba a lokacin, ya bude wurin ga jama'a domin kowa ya ji daɗin shiga yanayi.  

Daga baya wannan ƙungiya ta haɓaka zuwa Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, ƙungiyar agaji ɗaya tilo da ta Burtaniya ta sadaukar da kanta don haɓaka kare tsuntsayen dausayi da mazauninsu.  Duk da cewa ta fara a Slimbridge, Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust yanzu tana da ko kuma tana kula da wasu rijiyoyi tara a Burtaniya,  kuma tana fafutukar kare yankunan dausayi da al'amuran kiyayewa a duk faɗin duniya. WWT Consulting wani reshe ne na Wildlife & Wetland Trust kuma yana da hedikwata a Slimbridge. Ta samar da bincike da kimanta muhalli, kuma tana ba da ayyukan ba da shawara a fannin tsara wuraren dausayi, kula da wuraren dausayi, tsarin kula da ruwan sharar gida da kuma kula da wuraren ajiyar dabbobi da cibiyoyin baƙi.  Sarauniya a shekarun baya ta zama mai kula da rijiyoyin, kuma Yarima Charles ya zama shugaban ƙasa. 

Amincewar ta taimaka wajen ceto nēnē (Hawaiian goose) daga gab da halaka a shekarun 1950. 

## Ma'ajiyar yanayi
Asusun yana da mambobi sama da 200,000 da kuma ajiyar kuɗi guda goma tare da cibiyoyin baƙi. Duk waɗannan sun shafi sama da   , kuma suna tallafawa tsuntsaye sama da 150,000. Suna karɓar baƙi sama da miliyan ɗaya a kowace shekara. Ajiya sun haɗa da wuraren SSSI guda bakwai ( wurin da ke da Sha'awar Kimiyya ta Musamman ), wuraren kariya guda biyar ( Wuraren Kariya na Musamman ) da wurare biyar na Ramsar .

## Manazarta
James MacKinnon (mai wasan cricket)

**James Curdie MacKinnon** (10 Janairu 1865 &#x2013; 4 Yuli 1957) ɗan wasan kurket ne na Australiya.

An haifi McKinnon a Terang, Victoria ga Daniel Mackinnon, wani memba na wani sanannen iyali na makiyaya.[1] Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Grammar Geelong, kafin ya tafi Ingila don yin karatu a Trinity Hall a Jami'ar Cambridge.[1] Yayin da yake karatu a Cambridge, ya fara buga wasan kurket na aji na farko ga Gentlemen of England da Jami'ar Cambridge a Fenner's a 1886.[2] Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a Jami'ar Cambridge a kakar wasa daya da Yorkshire a Sheffield, inda MacKinnon ya sake buga wasa daya a Cambridge a 1886, sannan ya buga wasanni biyu a 1887.[2] A wasanni biyar na aji na farko, ya zira kwallaye 31 kuma ya dauki wickets 4. [3] Bayan kammala karatunsa ya koma Australia ya shiga kamfanin Strachan, Murray, da Shannon a Geelong.[1] Bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa, ya yi murabus daga kamfanin don kula da gudanar da tashar Marion Downs a yammacin Queensland.[1] Daga baya ya shiga cikin gudanar da Wyangarie Estate da ke arewacin New South Wales, inda ya raba gonar zuwa gonakin kiwo waɗanda a yau suka samar da yankin kiwo mai wadata a kusa da KyogleYa kuma taimaka wajen kula da harkokin iyali a Tashar Tintaldra da ke Victoria.[1] Ya yi aiki a majalisar Royal Agricultural Society of Victoria kuma ya kasance shugaban Melbourne Club a 1938.[1] Ya mutu a Melbourne a watan Yulin 1957, yana da shekaru 92. Ɗan'uwansa, Donald, ɗan siyasa ne.

## Manazarta
Donald Mackinnon

**Donald MacKinnon** (29 Satumba 1859 &#x2013; 25 Afrilu 1932) ɗan siyasa ne ɗan ƙasar Ostiraliya.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haife shi a Marida Yallock kusa da Boorcan a Victoria ga David Mackinnon da Jane Kinross, waɗanda dukkansu 'yan asalin Scotland ne, ya yi karatu a Makarantar Grammar Geelong, Jami'ar Melbourne da New College, Oxford, inda ya kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin Fasaha. A shekara ta 1883 aka kira shi zuwa Bar ta Ingila, ya koma Victoria don maimaita nasarar a shekara ta 1884. A lokacin mutuwar mahaifinsa a shekara ta 1889 ya karɓi kadarorin iyalinsa, sannan ya mallaki kadarorin kiwo a New South Wales da Queensland. A ranar 19 ga Agusta, 1891 ya auri Hilda Eleanor Marie Bunny, 'yar'uwar mai zane Rupert Bunny ; suna da 'ya'ya biyar. 

## Siyasa
A shekarar 1900, an zaɓi Mackinnon a Majalisar Dokokin Victoria a matsayin ɗan Liberal na Prahran, yana aiki a matsayin shugaban jam'iyya daga 1904 zuwa 1907. Ya kasance Babban Lauyan Victoria kuma Babban Lauyan Victoria a gwamnatocin William Watt da Alexander Peacock. An kayar da shi a shekarar 1920.[1]

Bayan gazawar da aka samu a zaɓen farko na 'yan majalisar dokoki kan aikin soja a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, an naɗa Mackinnon a matsayin Darakta Janar na Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Ƙasa ta Commonwealth a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba 1916. 

## Rayuwa daga baya
Ɗan Mackinnon, Dan, ɗan Majalisar Wakilai ne na Australiya, kuma jikansa Donald James shi ma ɗan majalisar dokokin jihar Victoria ne. Mackinnon ya mutu a shekarar 1932 a Toorak .  Ɗan'uwansa, James, ɗan wasan kurket ne mai daraja ta farko.

## Manazarta
Inga Giller

Inga Ihorivna Giller (Ukrainian; an haife ta a shekara ta 1991) 'yar wasan motsa jiki ce ta Ukraine da ta yi ritaya.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Giller a ranar 23 ga Satumba 1991,  a Donetsk, Ukraine.  Ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Serhiy Bubka na Olympic Reserve . 

## Ayyuka
A shekara ta 2006, Inga Giller ta lashe lambar tagulla a taron hadin gwiwa na yau da kullun a gasar zakarun Turai ta Junior Synchronized Swimming ta 2006, wanda aka gudanar a Bonn . 

A shekara mai zuwa, ta lashe lambar tagulla a taron hadin gwiwa na yau da kullun a gasar zakarun Turai.  Ta kuma taka rawar gani a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2007, kodayake ba ta sami lambar yabo ba.

A shekara ta 2008, Giller ta fafata a gasar zakarun Turai ta ruwa ta 2008, wanda aka gudanar a Eindhoven, inda ta sami lambar tagulla a taron hadin gwiwa na yau da kullun.

A shekara mai zuwa, ta fafata a gasar zakarun Turai ta Junior Synchronised Swimming ta 2009, wanda aka gudanar a Gloucester, inda ta sami lambobin azurfa guda biyu: daya a cikin aikin tawagar kuma daya a cikin haɗin kai na kyauta.[1] Ta kuma taka rawar gani a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2009; kodayake ba ta sami lambar yabo ba, ta sami mafi kyawun nasarorin da ta samu a Gasar cin Kofin Duniya, inda ta samu 92.5000 a cikin tawagar mata, 92.6670 a cikin tawalar mata kyauta, da 94.3340 a cikin tawawar mata kyauta.[2]

Giller ta fafata a gasar zakarun Turai ta 2010 a Budapest, inda ta lashe lambobin tagulla a cikin hadin gwiwar ƙungiya da abubuwan da suka faru na ƙungiya.

Ta kuma taka rawar gani a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2011 ba tare da samun wata lambar yabo ba.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Giller yana zaune a Los Angeles kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin kocin dambe tun shekarar 2020.  Ta kuma yi labaran motsa jiki a cikin sanannen gidan yanar gizon motsa jiki BetterMe . 

## Manazarta
Tusk Trust

**Tusk Trust** ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta Burtaniya da aka kafa a shekarar 1990 don haɓaka kiyaye namun daji a faɗin Afirka. Ƙungiyar agaji tana ba da kuɗaɗen kare giwayen Afirka, karkanda na Afirka da zakunan Afirka, tare da sauran nau'ikan halittu da ke fuskantar barazana a faɗin Afirka. Manufar Tusk ita ce ƙara tasirin ci gaba na ayyukan kiyaye namun daji a faɗin Afirka. 

## Tarihi
An kafa Tusk Trust a shekarar 1990 don mayar da martani ga 'matsalar farautar dabbobi ' wadda ta yaɗu a Afirka a shekarun 1980. A wancan lokacin, farautar dabbobi ta yi yawa har ta kusan kai ga mutuwar giwaye a sassa da dama na Afirka. 

Charles Mayhew OBE,  ne ya kafa Tusk Trust har zuwa Janairu 2024, lokacin da aka naɗa shi a matsayin wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban ƙasa. An ɗauki Nicholas Bubb a matsayin sabon Babban Jami'i a watan Janairu 2024 bayan ya taɓa yin aiki a matsayin Daraktan Ci gaban Kasuwanci na Duniya a Fauna & Flora International . A shekarar 2020, Alexander Rhodes ya maye gurbin Stephen Watson a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar Tusk, wanda Hukumar Ci gaban Tusk ke tallafawa. 

Tun daga shekarar 2005, Yarima William ya kasance Mai Kula da Ƙungiyar.   Yariman ya ci gaba da nuna sha'awarsa ga aikin ƙungiyar agaji kuma ya yi tafiye-tafiye da dama zuwa Afirka don ganin ayyukanta da idon basira.

Tusk memba ne na Ƙungiyar Agaji ta Yarima, wani shiri da Yarima William da Yarima Harry suka fara a shekarar 2006 a matsayin hanyar haɗa kawunansu don haɓaka haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ƙungiyoyi 20 ko makamancin haka da suke goyon baya. 

## Ayyuka

### Kare Muhalli a Afirka
Tusk ya tallafa wa ayyuka da yawa a faɗin Afirka.  Ɗaya daga cikinsu shine Gidauniyar Big Life, wacce ke mai da hankali kan kiyaye namun daji da muhallin Amboseli - Tsavo - Kilimanjaro a Gabashin Afirka .  Tusk ya taimaka wa Big Life wajen kafa cikakkiyar hanyar sintiri. 

Tusk kuma yana tallafawa ƙungiyar agaji ta Blue Ventures wadda ke mai da hankali kan kula da kiyaye ruwa a yankin da kuma sake gina kamun kifi a wurare masu zafi tare da al'ummomin bakin teku.  

Tusk Trust ta ɗauki nauyin Asusun Kare Cheetah, wanda ke haɗin gwiwa da manoma a Gabashin Al'umma na Namibia don gwada wani sabon kayan aiki na rage Rikicin Dan Adam da Daji (HWC) - E-Shepherd Collar. Wannan kayan aikin yana da nufin hana masu farautar dabbobin da ke bin sa.  

Wata kungiya da ke tallafawa ita ce Conservation Through Public Health wadda ke haɓaka kiyaye gorilla a tsakanin al'ummomin yankin ta hanyar inganta harkokin kiwon lafiya da damammaki na tattalin arziki.  

Tusk Trust ta kuma goyi bayan Grévy's Zebra Trust da ke taimakawa wajen kare dabbobin Grévy da ke cikin hatsari,  Lewa Wildlife Conservancy da ke aiki a fannin kiyaye namun daji da mazauninta,  Lilongwe Wildlife Centre da nufin kare namun daji na Malawi,  Okapi Conservation Project,  Fentin Kare Kare,  Botswana Wild Dogs Research Project,  Tsavo Trust,  Honeyguide Foundation. 

## Manazarta