Gidan tarihin kasa na Kenya

**Gidan tarihin ƙasa na Kenya** (NMK) kamfani ne na jihar wanda ke kula da gidajen tarihi, shafuka da abubuwan tarihi a Kenya. Yana gudanar da bincike na gado, kuma yana da ƙwarewa a cikin batutuwa da suka kama daga ilmin kimiyyar lissafi, ilmin kimiyya na kayan tarihi, ethnography da bincike da kiyaye halittu. Hedkwatar sa da Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa (Nairori National Museum) suna kan Dutsen Museum, kusa da babbar hanyar Uhuru tsakanin Gundumar Kasuwanci ta Tsakiya da Westlands a Nairobi. Ƙungiyar Tarihin Tarihi ta Gabashin Afirka (EANHS) ce ta kafa Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa na Kenya a cikin 1910; Babban burin al'umma a ko da yaushe shine gudanar da bincike mai mahimmanci na kimiyya game da halayen ɗabi'un mazauna yankin gabashin Afirka. Gidan kayan gargajiya yana bada tarin yawa, da abubuwan baje ƙoli na wucin gadi da na dindindin. A yau gidan adana kayan tarihi na ƙasar Kenya yana kula da gidajen tarihi sama da 22, wurare da yawa, da abubuwan tarihi a faɗin ƙasar.

## Nairobi National Museum of Kenya

### Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi na Kenya

Jama'a da ke da sha'awar yanayi a Gabashin Afirka sun kafa kungiyar Gabashin Afirka da Tarihin Halitta na Uganda a cikin 1910-11. Ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi canons guda biyu na Ƙungiyar Mishan ta Ikilisiya : Rev. Harry Leakey (mahaifin Louis Leakey) da kuma Rev. Kenneth St. Aubyn Rogers; wasu jami'an gwamnati: CW Hobley da John Ainsworth, likitoci, likitocin hakori, manyan mafarauta da masu shuka shuka. A cikin 1911 sun kafa Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi na Halitta da ɗakin karatu tare da mai kula da girmamawa. Aladina Visram ta sanya kudin ne don ginin bene mai hawa biyu.

A cikin 1914 za su iya ba da kuɗin biyan kuɗi. Sun kawo Arthur Loveridge, masanin ilimin likitancin dabbobi, wanda ya isa Maris 1914. Loveridge ya mayar da hankali kan tarin yawa, tare da membobin sun bada gudummawa don bada gudummawar samfurori, aiki da kuɗi. Sun kuma gudanar da gidan kayan gargajiya yayin da Loveridge yayi yaƙi da Birtaniya a Jamus ta Gabashin Afirka. Ya dawo na ɗan ɗan lokaci bayan yaƙin, sai kawai ya tafi Amurka, inda a ƙarshe ya zama Farfesa na Jami'ar Harvard.

### Coryndon Museum
Mai kula da na gaba shine AFJ Gedye. Gidan kayan gargajiya ya koma wani sabon gini a kusurwar titin Gwamnati da titin Kirk. Daga cikin sabbin masu aikin sa kai na al'umma akwai Sir Robert Coryndon, Gwamnan Kenya . A mutuwarsa na bazata a 1925, Lady Coryndon ta kafa Asusun Tunawa da Coryndon don gina gidan kayan gargajiya mafi kyau ga al'umma don tunawa da mijinta. Gwamnati ta ba da kuɗin da suka dace don gudummawar jama'a kuma a cikin 1928 aka fara ginin.

An shirya ginin a 1929. Abin takaici ba a samar da dakunan aiki ko wurin ajiya ba saboda haka Ƙungiyar Tarihin Halitta ta ƙi shiga. Daga nan sai gwamnati ta sayi tsohon gidan tarihi kuma al’umma sun yi amfani da kudin wajen kara dakuna uku, suka ba wa amintattun gidajen tarihi kayan tarihin, amma suka rike dakin karatu. Komai ya koma gidan kayan gargajiya. Lady Coryndon ta ba da gudummawar littattafan Sir Robert zuwa gare ta.

An buɗe gidan kayan gargajiya bisa hukuma a ranar 22 ga Satumba 1930, azaman Gidan Tarihi na Coryndon, tare da Victor Gurney Logan Van Someren, memba, a matsayin mai kula. Aka ba shi gida a filaye . A cikin 1930 Evelyn Molony, an nada Née Napier ƙwararren masanin kayan tarihi na farko bayan Ernest Carr ya ba da tallafi ga gidan kayan gargajiya don ba da kuɗin aikinta. A lokacin da take aiki ta kafa a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya gidan kayan gargajiya na herbarium akan tsire-tsire na gabashin Afirka tare da buga jerin kasidu na kimiyya kan tsiron gabashin Afirka.

Dangantaka tsakanin masu kula da gidajen tarihi da al'umma ta samu matsala, sakamakon haka kungiyoyin biyu sun nada wani kwamiti da suka hada da Sir Charles Belcher, masanin shari'a na kasar Kenya, domin daidaita shi. Kwamitin ya mayar da komai ga gidan kayan tarihi banda dakin karatu domin musanyawa da biyan kudin shekara 15 ga al'umma.

Gidan kayan tarihi yanzu yana da ma'aikata. Mary Leakey ta zama wani ɓangare na sa sannan Louis Leakey, a matsayin mai kula da ba a biya ba, a cikin 1941. Ya shiga lokacin da Dr. van Someren ya yi murabus bayan hukumar (ciki har da Louis) ya ki korar Peter Bally a cikin rikici na mutum. Gidan kayan tarihi ya kasance cibiyar ayyukan Leakey. A cikin 1945 an ɗauki Louis a matsayin mai kula da kuɗi tare da sabon gida, kamar yadda tsohon ya lalace. Ya gina baje kolin kuma ya bude wa ‘yan Afirka da Asiya ta hanyar rage kudin shiga. Har sai da gidan kayan gargajiya ya kasance "na fata kawai."

Gidan kayan tarihin ya kasance tushe na ayyukan Leakey har zuwa 1961, lokacin da Louis ya kafa Cibiyar Prehistory da Paleontology a kan filaye kusa da shi kuma ya motsa kansa da tarinsa zuwa gare ta. Ya yi murabus don goyon bayan darektan na gaba, Robert Carcasson.

### Gidan kayan tarihi na kasa
Kenya ta samu 'yancin kai a shekarar 1963. Gidan kayan tarihi na Coryndon an sake masa suna "National Museum" a cikin 1964 kuma an haɗa shi cikin sabon tsari, "Gidajen tarihi na ƙasar Kenya." A cikin 1967 Richard Leakey yana da bambance-bambancen da ba za a iya sulhu ba tare da Louis Leakey, ma'aikacinsa a cibiyar, kuma ya yanke shawarar inganta Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa. Babban abin da ya hana shi shi ne ba a mayar da shi Kenya ba. Shi da magoya bayansa sun kafa cibiyar Associates Museum Associates, wanda ya sami kujerar mai lura da Richard a kan hukumar daga Carcasson a musayar gudunmawar fam 5000. Richard bai yi lura sosai ba, yayin da ya tafi balaguron farko na Omo.

Masu haɗin gwiwar kayan tarihi na Kenya sun haɗa da Joel Ojal, mai kula da kayan tarihi a cikin gwamnati. Da ya dawo daga Omo Richard ya ba da ra'ayinsa na ingantawa kai tsaye ga Joel, wanda ya nemi shugaban, Sir Ferdinand Cavendish-Bentinck, da ya sanya Richard a wani babban mukami kuma ya fara maye gurbin hukumar da 'yan Kenya na kasar Kenya, saboda sau biyu ne kawai suka fito. na 16 a cikin wannan rukuni. Hukuncin rashin aiki shine cire tallafin gwamnati.

Da farko an ba Richard mukamin shugaban gudanarwa na ɗan lokaci, wanda ya ƙi. A cikin 'yan watanni masu zuwa an maye gurbin yawancin hukumar kuma a cikin Mayu 1968 sabuwar hukumar ta ba Richard mukamin dindindin a matsayin darektan gudanarwa, tare da Carcasson da za a ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin darektan kimiyya. Duk da haka, Carcasson ya yi murabus kuma Richard ya zama darekta.

### Taswirar Kabilun Kabilun Kenya
Wannan hoton ya ƙunshi zane-zane na Joy Adamson wanda ke nuna al'ummomin Kenya daban-daban a cikin kayan gargajiya.

### Abubuwan zamani da kayan aiki
A ranar 15 ga Oktoba, 2005 Gidan kayan tarihi na Nairobi ya rufe har zuwa Disamba 2007 don babban shirin sake ginawa. Wannan shi ne babban gyare-gyare na farko na kayan tarihi na Nairobi tun 1930. An gina sabon shingen gudanarwa da cibiyar kasuwanci, kuma an inganta tsarin NMK na jiki.

An sake buɗe gidan kayan gargajiya a watan Yuni 2008. Yana dauke da abubuwan nune-nune na wucin gadi da na dindindin. 

A cikin filaye kuma akwai Park Snake Park da Lambun Botanic da hanyar yanayi. Bangaren kasuwanci na gidan kayan gargajiya yana da gidajen abinci da shaguna.

## Fitattun mutane

* Freda Nkirote, tsohuwar shugabar al'adun gargajiya. 

## Sauran gidajen tarihi

Sauran gidajen tarihi, shafuka da abubuwan tunawa da NMK ke gudanarwa, gami da abubuwan jan hankali na yawon buɗe ido sune:

* Gallery na Nairobi, Nairobi
* Uhuru Gardens, Nairobi
* Cibiyar Nazarin Farko, Nairobi
* Fort Jesus, Mombasa
* Gedi ruins, Gedi, kusa da Malindi
* Gidan tarihi na Hyrax Hill da Gidan tarihi, kusa da Nakuru
* Jumba la Mtwana, Mtwapa, kusa da Mombasa
* Kabarnet Museum, Kabarnet
* Karen Blixen Museum, Nairobi
* Kapenguria Museum, Kapenguria
* Kariandusi Museum, kusa da Gilgil
* Kisumu Museum, Kisumu
* Kitale Museum, Kitale
* Koobi Fora, a Sibiloi National Park
* Lamu Museum, Lamu
* Meru Museum, Meru
* Nyeri Museum, Nyeri
* Malindi Museum, Malindi
* Mnarani ruins, Kilifi
* Narok Museum, Narok
* Olorgesailie, kusa da Magadi
* Siyu Fort, Pate Island
* Takwa ruins, Manda Island
* Thimlich Ohinga, 45&nbsp;km yamma da Migori

## Bayanan kula