open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Masana'antar kore

**masana'antar kore**, masana'antar tasiri mara kyau ko masana'antar kore kayan aiki ne na masana'antu wanda aka tsara don rage tasirin muhalli da dawo da albarkatun. Masana'antun kore suna mai da hankali kan ingancin makamashi, Rage sharar gida, da kuma amfani da hanyoyin samar da makamashi don inganta alhakin muhalli. Yawancin waɗannan masana'antun kore suna samun takardar shaidar su na ƙaramin tasirin muhalli ta hanyar BREEAM.

Kamfanonin kore suna aiki a halin yanzu galibi a cikin Tarayyar Turai a cikin masana'antar kera motoci. Masana'antun kera motoci irin su Porsche da Volkswagen suna da hasashen gina masana'antu kore,   da BMW sun riga sun gina *BMW Green Plant* a Leipzig, Jamus.  A cikin Amurka, kamfanoni kuma suna ƙirƙirar masana'antun kore, irin su Panasonic, waɗanda masana'antun kera batirin lantarki a De Soto, Kansas za su yi amfani da mafi yawan iska da hasken rana .  A Japan, duk 10 na manyan wuraren samar da kayan aiki na Konica Minolta sune masana'antun kore. 

## Manazarta
Ahalin Monsanto

Iyalin Monsanto ɗan kasuwan Bayahude ne na Sephardic mai tarihi da kasuwancin banki  wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa al'ummar Yahudawa a cikin Mallaka Louisiana (sannan kuma canjawa tsakanin mulkin Faransa da Spain) a cikin karni na 18. Sun samo asali ne daga Iberian Peninsula amma sun koma Amsterdam kuma suka yada ta cikin Daular Holland da Amurka a Curacao. Iyalin sun isa Louisiana a cikin 1760s, kuma ɗaya daga cikin membobinsu, Isaac Monsanto, yana ɗaya daga cikin ƴan kasuwa mafi arziki a New Orleans. Iyalin sun tsunduma cikin cinikin bayi na Atlantic kuma sun mallaki bayi na Afirka a gonakinsu a Natchez, Mississippi (wanda aka fi sani da Glenfield Plantation) da Trianon, New Orleans. Ba tare da tsohon kadarorinsu a New Orleans ba, a cikin 1780s, Monsantos sun ajiye bayi 51 don amfanin kansu kuma sun sayar da sauran mutanen Afirka da aka bautar zuwa gonakin Louisiana.

## Tarihi
Iyalin Monsanto Yahudawa ne na Sephardic, waɗanda suka samo sunansu daga Monsanto (ma'anar "Tsarin Dutse"), ƙauye a Portugal. Sun rayu na wani lokaci a matsayin Marranos; mutanen da suka yarda da Cocin Katolika a zahiri amma sun ci gaba da yin addinin Yahudanci a asirce. Sun kasance suna yin kasuwanci a Andalusia, Spain (sun kasance a Seville da Malaga) na wani lokaci a cikin karni na 17, kafin su koma Amsterdam, a cikin Lardunan United na Netherlands a lokacin rayuwar Isaac Rodriguez Monsanto (1645-1695). A cikin Netherlands ne aka haifi 'yan'uwan Monsanto da suka zo Amurka. Sun fara ƙaura daga Tekun Atlantika zuwa Curaçao a cikin Caribbean, wanda a lokacin yana cikin Antilles na Netherlands.

Bayan Yaƙin Shekaru Bakwai, tare da dauloli biyu a ƙarƙashin Gidan Bourbon, Yarjejeniyar Fontainebleau (1762) ta tanadi cewa Luusiana na Faransa, sa'an nan kuma wani ɓangare na New Faransa, za a canza shi zuwa New Spain a matsayin Sifen Louisiana. Canja wurin ya kasance a hankali a hankali kuma a cikin yanayi mai sauƙi a lokacin da dangin Monsanto suka isa. A baya can, a zahiri an hana Yahudawa zama a Amurka ta Faransa daga 1685 zuwa gaba a ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan Code Noir, kodayake ba a aiwatar da wannan ba kamar yadda yake a lokacin rikicin siyasa na tsakiyar shekarun 1700 don haka dangin Monsanto sun sami damar yin aiki. Wannan da kuma ƙarshen Yaƙin Shekaru Bakwai, wanda ke nufin samun dama ta kasuwanci da Turai, ya jawo Yahudawa zuwa New Orleans waɗanda suka shiga cinikin bayi a cikin Caribbean (watau Curacao, Jamaica da Saint-Domingue)  kuma cinikin bayi tsakanin Amurkawa tsakanin Caribbean da yankuna da ke kan iyaka da Gulf of Mexico.

## Manazarta
HMS Nimble (1826)

HMS Nimble  wani sojan ruwa ne na Royal Navy 5-gun schooner-of-war. Ta kasance tana aikin sintiri na cinikin bayi daga shekara ta 1826 zuwa 1834, lokacin da ta farfasa a kan wani ruwa tare da asarar 'yan Afirka 70 da aka ceto daga jirgin bayi.

## Fage
A shekara ta 1818, Burtaniya da Spain sun kulla yarjejeniya da ta hana shigo da bayi cikin yankunan Spain. Ɗaya daga cikin tanadin yarjejeniyar ya kafa Kotun Ƙaddamarwa a Havana don magance jiragen ruwa na Spain da Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta kama a lokacin da suke ƙoƙarin kai 'yan Afirka zuwa bauta a Cuba. Wata kotu mai kama da Burtaniya da Portugal a Saliyo ta yanke hukunci a kan jiragen bayi na Portugal da sojojin ruwan Royal suka kama. An sanya Nimble ga tawagar da Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Royal ta kiyaye kan hanyoyin Cuba don aiwatar da tanadin yarjejeniyar. An kai jiragen ruwa bayi da aka kama a kusa da Afirka da kuma kayansu na 'yan Afirka zuwa Saliyo don aike da su. An kai jiragen bayin Spain da aka kama a kusa da Cuba zuwa Havana don fuskantar shari'a daga Kotun Koli ta Mixed, yayin da jiragen ruwa na Portugal da aka kama a cikin ruwan Caribbean ko Arewacin Amirka dole ne a kai su Saliyo. Duk da yunƙurin da sojojin ruwa na Masarawa suka yi, an ci gaba da kai ɗimbin ‘yan Afirka bauta a ƙasar Cuba, a wani ɓangare saboda jami’an Spain a Cuba suna da hannu a haramtacciyar cinikin bayi. Fiye da 'yan Afirka 64,000 na iya yiwuwa an sauka a Cuba ba bisa ka'ida ba tsakanin 1822 zuwa 1829.

## Gina
An gina ta a cikin 1822 a matsayin Gran Colombian schooner Bolivar 
ko Janar Bolivar.  watakila an yi amfani da ita a matsayin jirgin ruwa a wani lokaci a cikin aikinta. A cikin sabis na Navy na Royal, Nimble ya ɗauki carronade mai nauyin 18-pounder (8.2-kg) da igwa guda 18-pounder.,

## Manazarta
Nori (kamfani)

**Nori Inc.** kamfani ne na fasaha wanda ke zaune a Seattle, Washington, wanda ya rufe a shekarar 2024.  Babban kasuwancin kamfanin shine Kasuwar carbon da ke mai da hankali kan kwacewar ƙasa da carbon kuma yana biyan manoma waɗanda ke karɓar ayyukan aikin gona na sake farfadowa wanda zai iya ba da gudummawa ga kwacewar carbon.

## Tarihi da kudade
Paul Gambill ne ya kafa Nori a shekarar 2017.

A cikin 2018, Nori ta tara $ 145,548 a dandalin tallafin jama'a na Jamhuriyar lokacin da Shugaba, Gambill ya gabatar da Nori a wani labari na Meet the Drapers, tare da mai cinikin jari-hujja Tim Draper da iyalinsa.

A cikin 2020, Nori ta tara dala miliyan 4 daga masu saka hannun jari da yawa.

A watan Fabrairu, 2022 Nori ta tara dala miliyan 7 a cikin jerin A da M13 da Toyota Ventures suka jagoranta. 

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2023, Nori ta kori ma'aikata 10 saboda "canjin yanayin kasuwa".  Bayan watanni da yawa, kamfanin ya hayar da Matt Trudeau a matsayin sabon Shugaba kuma ya tara ƙarin dala miliyan 6.25 a cikin kudade. Gambill daga nan ya sauya zuwa taken Babban Jami'in Kayayyaki  kuma ya ƙare aikinsa tare da kamfanin a watan Maris na 2024, kodayake ya kasance memba na kwamitin sa. 

## Kayayyaki da ayyuka
Nori ta kirkiro dandamali inda masu samar da cire carbon za su iya biyan su ta hanyar masu sayen cire carbon. Nori musamman tana mai da hankali kan ci gaban abubuwan da ke ba da gudummawa na kudi da kuma samar da kudaden cire carbon, ba ragewa ko gujewa ba.

Nori tana sayar da Regenerative  (tsohon "Nori Carbon Removal Tonnes" ko "NRTs") a kan dandalin kasuwancin ta don wakiltar tan ɗaya na carbon dioxide (CO) wanda aka cire daga yanayi a cikin akalla shekaru 10. Nori's RTs suna samuwa ne daga ayyukan noma waɗanda zasu iya adana carbon dioxide a cikin ƙasa har zuwa Afrilu 2021. Wadannan ayyukan ƙasa ana kiransu ayyukan aikin gona na sabuntawa. Nori tana haɓaka kayan aiki na kuɗi don taimakawa masu shuka don haɓaka ƙwaƙwalwar carbon dioxide a cikin ƙasa, tare da fa'idodi masu yuwuwa ciki har da rage sauyin yanayi, haƙuri da fari, rage gurɓataccen ƙasa, da inganta Lafiyar ƙasa.

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2023, Nori ta ƙaddamar da Net Zero TonneTM, wani haɗin kuɗi wanda ya haɗu da ƙwaƙwalwar carbon na ƙasa tare da cirewa mai ɗorewa kamar kama iska kai tsaye.

## Masu karɓar farko
A farkon 2020, manomi na Maryland Trey Hill ya zama mai siyarwa na farko a kasuwar Nori. An biya shi sama da $ 115,000 don ayyukan da, a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, ya kwace fiye da tan 8,000 na carbon a cikin ƙasa. Masu siye sun haɗa da Shopify Inc., Jami'ar Jihar Arizona, da mutane da ke neman cire carbon.

A watan Nuwamba 2020, manomi na Iowa Kelly Garrett ya sayar da kayan cire carbon 5,000 ta hanyar dandalin sayar da carbon na Nori da Locus Agricultural Solutions. Mai sayen ƙididdigar carbon shine Shopify Inc, wanda ya yi amfani da ƙididdigaren cire carbon don taimakawa wajen hana hayaki daga jigilar kayayyaki da aka siyar a karshen mako na Black Friday / Cyber Litinin.

## Manazarta
Ƙungiyar matan afrika

African Women on Board (**AWB**) kungiya ce mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta, kungiyar mata ta Afirka da ke da hedikwata a Legas, Najeriya, tana aiki don ci gaba da labarun da inganta gaskiyar mata da 'yan Mata na Afirka a duniya. Kungiyar ta kunshi mata na al'adun Afirka daga ko'ina cikin duniya.

## Tarihi
Dokta Nkiru Balonwu ne ya kafa mata na Afirka a cikin shekara ta 2017. Kungiyar ta fara ne a matsayin cibiyar sadarwa ta mata da ke aiki tare don inganta haƙƙin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da siyasa na mata na Afirka. Ayyukan AWB na yanzu sun haɗa da neman mafita don samun mata cikin manyan gudanarwa, C-suite da matsayi na kwamitin. AWB kuma tana aiki don haɗa labaran mata na Afirka a cikin tattaunawar duniya don ra'ayoyin mata na Afirka su sanar da yin manufofi. AWB tana jaddada daukar abokan tarayya daga dukkan bangarorin - mata da maza - don inganta aikin inganta rayuwar mata da 'yan mata na Afirka.

## Ayyuka
Ayyukan mata na Afirka sun haɗa da shirye-shirye da bita don gina damar mata a cikin ayyukansu da kasuwancin su, da kuma teburin zagaye na duniya da kuma forums don gudanar da tattaunawa kan batutuwan da suka shafi mata na Afirka. AWB ta kafa haɗin gwiwa tare da kungiyoyi da yawa don fadada tasirin ta. Mata na Afirka a kan jirgi mai karɓar tallafin Gidauniyar Ford ce,  tare da haɗin gwiwa a kan manyan darussan mata a siyasa, saka hannun jari da ilimin kudi. AWB tana aiki tare da Gidauniyar Wikimedia don bayyana sanannun matan Afirka a dandalin. AWB kuma tana haɗin gwiwa tare da London Stock Exchange Africa Advisory Group don samar da rahoto game da kunna kasuwancin mata. AWB tana neman magance gibin da ke cikin ƙwarewar IT da fasaha ta mata. Suna haɗin gwiwa tare da manyan cibiyoyin kamar Heartland Incubation Hub na Cibiyar Oluaka, cibiyar horar da kwamfuta da fasaha da ke da takardar shaidar gwamnati, da kuma Imaginarium, ƙirar ƙira da ɗakin karatu, don tallafawa shirye-shiryen horo ga matasan mata da 'yan mata, shekaru biyar da sama, a fannonin wasan 2D, raye-raye, shafukan yanar gizo da aikace-aikacen kwamfuta.

.Mata na Afirka a cikin Kwamitin sun ƙaddamar da su a duniya a Cibiyar Gidauniyar Ford don Adalci na Jama'a a ranar Alhamis 26 ga Satumba 2019 a New York a lokacin Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.  Wannan taron, wanda aka lakafta AWB@UNGA, ya kasance game da saurin bin diddigin mata baƙar fata a cikin matsayi na jagoranci na gaba.
## Manazarta
Masu Gudun Green

**Green Runners** kungiya ce mai fafutukar kare yanayi da ke zaune a Ingila.

Tattaunawar tsakanin masu tsere Dan Lawson da Damian Hall sun haifar da zanga-zangar a COP26 a Glasgow 2021. Su, tare da Jasmin Paris, a hukumance sun ƙaddamar da The Green Runners a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2022 (Ranar Duniya) tare da memba na farko. A cikin 2023, sun ƙaddamar da haɗin gwiwa tare da Ingila Athletics.

An zabi Green Runners don Grassroots Organisation of the Year a BBC Green Sport Awards a 2023 da 2024. Dan kulob din Innes FitzGerald ya lashe kyautar Young Athlete of the Year a shekarar 2023. 

## Manazarta
Archaeology na kankara

Archaeology na glacial, ko **Archaeology na kankara,** sabon filin ne wanda kayan tarihi ke fitowa ta hanyar narkewar kankara sakamakon Canjin yanayi. Wadannan kayan tarihi yawanci ana kiyaye su sosai (saboda an rufe su a cikin kankara), amma suna lalacewa da sauri da zarar an fallasa su ga abubuwa. Ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan binciken na farko ya faru ne daga masu hawan dutse a cikin 1991, tare da Ötzi . Irin waɗannan kayan tarihi sun kasance daga daruruwan zuwa dubban shekaru. Akwai 'yan bincike da suka kware a wannan fagen, wanda ke haifar da damuwa cewa ana ci gaba da rasa kayan tarihi masu mahimmanci. Abubuwan da aka gano suna ba da shaida ga ayyukan ɗan adam daban-daban, kamar juyin halitta a cikin hanyoyin farauta ko kayan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin gida.

## Wuraren da aka yi
Ana yawan samun kayan tarihi na kankara a cikin tsaunuka. Alaska tana karɓar kuɗi ta hanyar Dokar Rage Farashin Farashi, wanda take amfani da shi don daidaita ƙoƙarin tsakanin 'yan asalin ƙasar, masu binciken kayan tarihi na wurin shakatawa, da hukumomin tarayya don adana kayan tarihi masu tasowa. Sun bincika wuraren shakatawa na kasa da yawa a Alaska tare da Jami'ar Jihar Washington. An gano wasu kayan tarihi da aka gano a jihar a Lake Clark da Wrangell-St.  Iliyah.  Yukon Ice Patches sun ba da shaida ga farkon ƙarfe a cikin arrowheads da mafarauta na asali suka yi amfani da su. An gano kayan ado da aka yi imanin sun fito ne daga Viking ko zamanin da a Lundbreen .  Wani kayan tarihi da aka gano a Norway sune takalma na katako tare da lining na reindeer.

## Manazarta
Adelaide Tambo

**Adelaide Frances Tambo** (née **Tshukudu**; 18 Yuli 1929 - 31 Janairu 2007) 'yar gwagwarmayar yaƙi da wariyar launin fata ce ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma tsohuwar 'yar gudun hijirar siyasa.

Ta tsunduma cikin harkokin siyasar Afirka ta Kudu tsawon shekaru 50, kuma ta auri Oliver Tambo, shugaban jam'iyyar ANC na Afrika, daga shekarun 1967 zuwa 1991. Ta shahara da rawar da ta taka wajen yakar wariyar launin fata.

## Farkon aiki
An haife ta a ranar 18 ga watan Yuli 1929 a Top Location a matsayin Adelaide Frances Tshukudu, an fi saninta da *Mama Tambo* a Afirka ta Kudu. Tana da shekaru 10, biyo bayan wani samame da 'yan sanda suka kai kan wata tarzoma a Top Location inda aka kashe ɗan sanda, kakan Adelaide da ke fama da rashin lafiya, mai shekaru 82, na cikin waɗanda aka kama aka kai su dandalin garin. Kakanta ya faɗi dole ta zauna dashi har sai da ya dawo hayyacinsa. Bayan faruwar lamarin, ta sha alwashin yakar ‘yan sanda har zuwa ƙarshe. Ta halarci makarantar St Thomas Practicing a Johannesburg da Orlando High a Soweto.

Tambo ta fara aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a asibitin Chris Hani Baragwanath. A shekarar 1944, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai aikawa ga ANC. Ta shiga ƙungiyar matasa ta ANC tana da shekaru 18, wanda aka ɗora mata alhakin buɗe rassa a Transvaal kuma ta zaɓi shugabar reshen George Goch. Ta bar ƙasar tare da mijinta Oliver Tambo a shekarar 1960 kuma ta yi masa aiki a matsayin masinja. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar Afro-Asian Solidarity Movement da Pan African Women's Organisation (PAWO) a shekarar 1963.

## Aikin siyasa
Bayan kawo ƙarshen mulkin wariyar launin fata, Tambo ta zama 'yar majalisa daga shekarun 1994 zuwa 1999.

Tambo ta karɓi odar Baobab a Zinariya, ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman karramawa da gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta ba da bayan shekara ta 1994. Cocin Anglican ta Afirka ta Kudu ta ba ta lambar yabo ta Saminu na Cyrene, lambar yabo mafi girma da aka ba wa masu zaman kansu don hidima na musamman.

## Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa
Tambo ta auri Oliver Tambo a watan Disambar 1956 a lokacin Shari'ar cin amanar ƙasa  kuma ma'auratan sun haifi 'ya'ya uku; ɗan su Dali mutum ne mai yin magana a talabijin.

Tambo ta mutu a ranar 31 ga watan Janairu, 2007, tana da shekaru 77, a gidanta da ke Johannesburg daga wasu dalilai da ba a bayyana ba. An binne ta kusa da mijinta a garinsu na Wattville a ranar 10 ga watan Fabrairu 2007. An gudanar da hidimar a filin wasa kuma Archbishop Njongonkulu Ndungane ya jagoranta. Daga cikin dubban mutanen da suka halarci zaman makoki akwai shugaban ƙasa Thabo Mbeki da Nelson Mandela.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Obituary, *The Independent*, Fabrairu 2, 2007
* Ilimin rayuwa , *The Times*, 2 Fabrairu 2007
* Obituary, *[[The Guardian]]*, 2 Fabrairu 2007

## Kara karantawa

* Takaitaccen tarihin Adelaide Tambo Archived   sahistory.org.za .
* Tattaunawar PBS da Adelaide Tambo game da Nelson Mandela.
* Bayanan siyasa Adelaide Tambo akan gidan yanar gizon ANC .
Giorgina Reid

**Giorgina Reid** (née Anzulata;  Nuwamba 3, 1908 - Yuni 16, 2001) ta kasance mai tsara kayan ado ta Amurka kuma ƙwararren mai ɗaukar hoto  wanda aka yaba da shi da ƙaddamar da tsarin kula da lalacewar reed-trench da aka yi amfani da shi don adana Montauk Point Lighthouse.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Reid a Trieste, Italiya .  Yayinda take matashiya, ta zo Amurka tare da mahaifiyarta. Ta halarci Makarantar Fasaha ta Leonardo da Vinci tana da shekaru 15, duk da cewa makarantar ta yarda da daliban kwaleji ne kawai.

Ta kuma kasance mai daukar hoto kuma ta rubuta littafi mai taken The Delights of Photography .  Reid ya koyar da daukar hoto na asali a Makarantar Fasaha ta Kayayyaki.

## Hasumiyar Hasumiyar Montauk Point

Reid da farko ta haɓaka dabarar reed-trench terracing don ƙarfafa gidanta na teku a Rocky Point biyo bayan guguwar Easter ta 1962.  Tsarin ya kare gidanta a shekara mai zuwa sannan kuma maƙwabtanta daga baya. Reid ya ba da izinin tsarin a shekarar 1965,  kuma ya rubuta littafi mai jagora kan kariya ta bakin teku mai taken How To Hold Up a Bank .  

A shekara ta 1969 Reid ya koyi game da rushewa a Montauk Point Lighthouse kuma ya kusanci Coast Guard game da amfani da reed-trench terracing. Jami'an tsaron bakin teku sun ba ta damar yin matukin jirgi, amma ba za su biya ta ba. Ta fara aiki a kan shimfida hasken wuta tare da ƙungiyar masu sa kai bakwai a Ranar Duniya, 1970.   A ƙarshen lokacin rani, injiniyoyin tsaron bakin teku sun kada kuri'a don ci gaba da aikin, ci gaban ya burge su.

Masu tsaron bakin teku sun taimaka mata duk da haka: a cikin 1972, injiniyoyi sun shigar da bango na gabion don kare terracing a sama da shi, kuma ta yaba da hadin gwiwar da take samu daga gare su.

A shekara ta 1983, ta kashe kusan $ 35,000 zuwa $ 40,000 na kudinta don tallafawa aikin, ba tare da samun kudade na gida ko na tarayya ba.

Ta sami damar daidaita gabashin gabashin Turtle Hill a shekarar 1985. Ga bluff na kudu maso yamma, Reid "ya zana bluff fuska da hannu," ta amfani da gyare-gyaren da ta dace da gangaren da ya dace.

An girmama Reid a hasumiyar wuta a ranar 12 ga Satumba, 1986, kuma ya sami yabo daga Shugaba Ronald Reagan, wanda ya rubuta: "Babu wata shakka cewa aikinku na trench terracing ya ceci Hasumiyar Montauk. "

Ta yi ritaya a shekarar 1987, shekaru goma sha bakwai bayan fara aikin. A wannan shekarar, Montauk Historical Society ta kafa gidan kayan gargajiya a hasumiyar wuta kuma a cikin 1996, ta keɓe ɗaya daga cikin ɗakunan ga ita da mijinta.  

A ranar 1 ga Yuni, 1996, a lokacin bikin cika shekaru 200 na hasumiyar wuta, an girmama Reid saboda aikinta: "Shekaru ashirin da shida da suka gabata ta ce za a iya yin hakan. "

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Ta auri Donald Reid, wanda shi ma yana cikin kasuwancin ƙirar masana'antu. Su biyu ba su da yara; a maimakon haka ta bayyana aikin hasken wuta a matsayin ɗanta.

Reid ta mutu tana da shekaru 92 kuma an binne ta kusa da mijinta a Kabari na Kasa na Calverton . 

## Manazarta
Kamfanin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya

**Kamfanin Ci Gaban [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]]** (UNDC) kamfani ne na amfanin jama'a a jihar New York ta Amurka wanda ke taimaka wa Majalisar Dinkinobho tare da dukiyarta, sararin ofis, da bukatun ci gaba. An kirkireshi ne a shekarar 1968. An ba da izinin UNDC don haɓaka da sarrafa dukiya kawai a cikin wani yanki da aka tsara ("Gundumar Ci Gaban") kusa da Hedikwatar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Manhattan. iyakokin Gundumar Ci Gaban da sauran ikon Kamfanin suna ƙarƙashin canji har zuwa matakin da ƙarin doka ta bayar.

## Ƙungiya
UNDC tana da kwamitin daraktoci mai mambobi 14. Mataimakin Shugaban zartarwa da Babban Lauyan Robert Cole ne ke jagoranta, wanda ke ba da rahoto ga kwamitin. A cikin 2017, UNDC tana da kuɗin aiki na dala miliyan 28.05, bashin da ya dace na dala miliyan 70.11, da kuma matakin ma'aikata na mutane 12.

## Gidajen
Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta taimaka wajen gina One UN Plaza, Two UN Plaza, da Three UN Plaza. Three UN Plaza ana haya da ita ga UNICEF a matsayin hedkwatarta ta duniya

## Dubi kuma

* Hukumar Cibiyar Taron Albany
* Hukumar Ci Gaban Arewacin Kasar
* Kamfanin Ci Gaban Daular
* Hudson River Park Trust
* Hugh L. Carey Battery Park City Authority
* Cibiyar Gudanar da Cibiyar Taron New York
* Kamfanin Ci Gaban Ƙananan Manhattan
* Kamfanin Taimako na Municipal na Birnin NY
* Hukumar Raya Yankin Wasannin Olympics
* Asusun Gine-gine na Jami'ar Jiha
Yanayin yanayi na Nottingham

**yanayin [[Nottingham]]** yana da yanayin yanayi na ruwa (Köppen: Cfb) tare da ƙarancin lokacin rani, sanyin sanyi da yawan ruwan sama a cikin shekara.  Tun daga 1960, ana adana bayanan ruwan sama da yanayin zafin birni a Cibiyar Weather Nottingham a Watnall.  Hakanan akwai wata tashar yanayi da ke aiki a harabar aikin gona ta Jami'ar Nottingham a Sutton Bonington.

Tun lokacin da aka fara rikodin, mafi girman zafin jiki da aka rubuta a Nottingham shine  ° C (103.6 ° F) a ranar 19 ga Yuli 2022,  kuma mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki wanda aka rubuta shine -13.3 ° C (8.1 ° F) A ranar 13 ga Janairu 1987  da 23 ga Janairu 1963.  Kodayake a lokacin hunturu na 1947, an rubuta zafin jiki na -17.8 ° C (0.0 ° F) a Sutton Bonington a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu 1947. 

## Rarrabawar

## Yanayin zafi
Matsakaicin babban zafin shekara a Nottingham shine 13.8 °C (56.8 °F) kuma matsakaicin ƙarancin shekara shine 6.5 °C (43.7 °F).  Matsakaicin matsakaicin yau da kullun shine 10.1 °C (50.2 °F).  Ana yin rikodin duk matsakaita da wuce gona da iri a Cibiyar Yanayi ta Nottingham a Watnall.

### Matsakaicin matsakaicin

### Mafi girman yanayin zafi na yau da kullun
 

## Ruwan sama

Tare da yanayin teku, Nottingham yana ganin ruwan sama akai-akai a duk shekara, ba tare da rigar ko lokacin bushewa ba. Wannan yafi yawa  ruwan sama tare da matsakaicin 709.4 millimeters (27.93 in) a kowace shekara. Ta hanyar matsakaicin girma, Oktoba shine watan da ya fi ruwan sama, yayin da Fabrairu shine mafi bushewa. Nottingham kuma tana ganin dusar ƙanƙara, da farko a lokacin hunturu, duk da haka dusar ƙara mai nauyi ba ta da yawa.

### Hasken rana, UV da hasken rana
Shirin Daidaito na Soja na Ma’aikatar Tsaron Amurka

Shirin Daidaito na Ƙwadago na Ma’aikatar Tsaron Amurka (Military Equal Opportunity – MEO) shi ne shirin damar aiki daidai da kowa na Ma’aikatar Tsaron Amurka. Wannan shiri yana haramta nuna bambanci da ba bisa doka ba bisa la'akari da **"irin jini, launin fata, asalin ƙasa, addini, jinsi (ciki har da bayyana kanka a matsayin mace ko namiji), ko ɗabi'ar jima'i."**

## References
James Pogue

**James Pogue** mawallafi, Ba'amurke ne kuma ɗan jarida.  Shi ne mai ba da rahoto na musamman a *Vanity Fair ,* Mawallafin Ra'ayi mai Ba da Gudunmawa a *[[New York Times]] ,* da kuma edita mai ba da gudummawa a mujallar *Harper* .     Shi ne marubucin *Zaɓaɓɓen Ƙasa: Tawaye a Yamma*, labarin mutum na farko na rikici kan filayen jama'a a yammacin Amurka.

## Aikin Jarida
Pogue ya rubuta don wallafe-wallafen ciki har da *Vanity Fair ,* *Harper's*, *[[Los Angeles Times|The Los Angeles Times]]*, *The New York Times Magazine, da* London Review of Books *. *

Pogue ya girma ne a Cincinnati, Ohio, kuma ya yi rubutu akai-akai game da siyasar tsakiyar yamma.   An tattara makalarsa game da tarihin siyasar birni a cikin *Birni*, wanda FSG ta buga   ..

Labarin *Harper* nasa na 2019 game da kisan gillar gonaki a Afirka ta Kudu ana yawan ambatonsa a cikin adabin ilimi.   Ya yi rubuce-rubuce game da ɓangarorin rundunonin Sojan Republican na Irish a Arewacin Ireland  kuma akai-akai game da ƙungiyoyin mayaƙa a ƙauyen Amurka ta yamma.  

Ayyukansa a kan siyasa masu maƙamai suna yawan haɗuwa tare da bayar da rahoto game da al'amuran muhalli. Pogue ya ba da gudummawar rahotanni da ra'ayi ga Los Angeles Times game da manufofin muhalli,   kuma ya rubuta akai-akai game da gandun daji da wuta a California.  

## Littattafai
Pogue shine marubucin *Zaɓaɓɓen Ƙasa: Tawaye a Yamma* . An kira littafin "mai ban sha'awa halarta a karon" ta NPR,  kuma an yaba shi a cikin New York Review of Books, The Los Angeles Review of Books da sauran wallafe-wallafe.   Wasu wallafe-wallafen sun soki shi saboda labarinsa na kashin kansa da rugujewar rubutunsa. Kirkus ya kira littafin "mai jaruntaka," amma ya ambaci "wasu wuce gona da iri da rashin dacewa." 

## Nasara da karramawa
Ayyukan Pogue sun sami goyan bayan Cibiyar Pulitzer da Fellowship na Alicia Patterson,  da kuma rubutunsa na 2019 game da gandun daji a California ya kasance zaɓin "sannu" a cikin shekara ta 2020 edition na Mafi kyawun Kimiyyar Amurka da Rubutun Halitta.  Ya bayyana akan ainihin lokacin HBO tare da Bill Maher, MSNBC's Duk In Tare da Chris Hayes, da kuma NPR's A Yau Yayi Bayani .   

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Shafin Ba da kyauta a Cibiyar Pulitzer
* Shafin marubuci a The Baffler
* Shafin marubuci a ''Harper's''
Ranar Duniya don Adalci na Ƙasa da Ƙasa

**Ranar Duniya don Adalci** **na kasa da kasa** ta Duniya, wanda kuma ake kira Ranar Adalci ta Kasa da Kasa ko Ranar Adalcin Kasa da Kasa, rana ce ta kasa da kasa da ake yi bikin a duk duniya a ranar 17 ga Yuli a matsayin wani ɓangare na kokarin gane tsarin shari'ar aikata laifuka ta duniya. Yuli 17 shine ranar da aka amince da yarjejeniya da ta kirkiro Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta duniya. A ranar 1 ga Yuni 2010, a Taron Bincike na Dokar Roma da aka gudanar a Kampala (Uganda), Majalisar Jam'iyyun Jiha ta yanke shawarar yin bikin 17 ga Yuli a matsayin Ranar Shari'ar Laifuka ta Duniya. 

Kowace shekara, mutane a duk duniya suna amfani da wannan rana don karɓar bakuncin abubuwan da suka faru don inganta shari'ar aikata laifuka ta duniya, musamman bada goyon baya ga Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta duniya

## References


## Haɗin waje
*17 July - Day of International Criminal Justice
Sauyin Yanayin Kolkata

Kolkata tana da Yanayin savanna na wurare da masu zafi (Köppen climate classification *Aw*). Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara shine  ° C (80.2 ° F); matsakaicin yanayin zafi na kowane wata yana daga 1 zuwa 30 ° C (59 zuwa 86 ° F).  Lokacin bazara yana da zafi da zafi tare da yanayin zafi a cikin ƙananan 30 kuma a lokacin bushewa matsakaicin yanayin zafi sau da yawa ya wuce  ° C (104 ° F) a lokacin Mayu da Yuni. Lokacin hunturu yana da kusan watanni biyu da rabi kawai, tare da ƙananan yanayi zuwa 9-11 ° C (48-52 ° F) tsakanin Disamba da Janairu. Mafi girman zafin jiki da aka rubuta shine  ° C (111.0 ° F) kuma mafi ƙasƙanci shine 5 ° C (41 ° F).  Sau da yawa a farkon lokacin rani (tsakiyar Maris zuwa tsakiyar Mayu), guguwar ƙura da aka biyo bayan tsawa da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi sun mamaye birnin, suna kawo taimako daga zafi mai zafi. Wadannan tsawa suna da yanayi, kuma an san su da *Kal Baisakhi* (, Nor'westers). 

Winters yawanci sanyi ne, bushe-bushe, kuma gajere ne, duk da cewa suna da yawa.  Janairu yana da matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici na 39.2 °F (4.0 °C), amma yanayin zafi yakan kai daskarewa a matsakaicin kwanaki 71 kuma ya kasa tashi sama da daskarewa a matsakaicin kwanaki 8.3, kuma, tare da matsakaita a watan Disamba zuwa Fabrairu na kwanaki 6.3 da ya kai 70 °F (21 °C), ana yawan samun zafi kuma yawancin lokacin sanyi suna ganin ma'aunin zafi da sanyio.  Ƙarshen karatun 0 °F (-18 °C) ko mafi sanyi ya faru ne a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, 2021. Mafi ƙarancin rikodin hukuma shine -17 °F (-27 °C) a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 1899, yayin da mafi ƙarancin kullun shine 2 °F (-17 °C) a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 1905, da 1 ga Janairu.  watan mafi sanyi da aka yi rikodin shi ne Janairu 1930 tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na 23.1 °F (-4.9 °C).  Dusar ƙanƙara tana faruwa a kusan kowane lokacin hunturu, tare da ruwan dusar ƙanƙara na yau da kullun yana zama inci 7.6 (19.3 cm);  Tarin lokacin hunturu ya bambanta daga adadi a cikin 1931-32 da 1934-35 zuwa inci 25.2 (64.0 cm) a cikin 1947-48.  Mafi yawan dusar ƙanƙara a rana ɗaya shine inci 13.5 (34.3 cm) a ranar 24 ga Disamba, 2009.r.

## Tashoshin Kula da Yanayi
Alipore ita ce babbar tashar, wacce tashar kasa da kasa ce. Amma akwai kuma tashoshin biyu a Dum Dum da Salt Lake.
Ƙungiyar Dalibai ta Bhutan

**Ƙungiyar Dalibai [[Bhutan|'Yan Bhutan]]** (Dzongkha) kungiya ce ta siyasa da daliban Bhutan suka kafa, wacce aka kafa a ranar 23 ga Maris, 1988. Manufar kungiyar ita ce kara yawan shiga dalibai a cikin al'ummar Bhutan, da kuma inganta manufofin dimokuradiyya da 'yancin mutane. An kafa ƙungiyar ne a lokacin da ba bisa ka'ida ba ne a kafa kowane irin ƙungiya ko haɗin kai a cikin masarautar. An tilasta wa kungiyar dalibai 'Yan Bhutan aiki daga wajen kasar biyo bayan murkushewar gwamnati da kama wasu daga cikin masu fafutukar ta a ƙarshen 1989, 
## Manazarta
Ƙungiyar Dalibai ta asalin Bhutan ta girma ne daga Nepali Literary Society, an ɗauki ƙungiyar a matsayin ba ta da tushe da kuma karkashin kasa, kuma tana da membobin masu gwagwarmaya 25. Bayan da aka kafa shi a shekara ta 1988, al'umma ta rarraba litattafai da sauran labaran da aka buga da ke nuna bambanci da ta'addanci game da 'Yan gudun hijirar Bhutan. Kungiyar tana da kusanci da sauran kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam a Bhutan, kuma ta kafa makarantu ga 'yan gudun hijira na asalin Nepali da ke zaune a Bhutan. Tun daga shekara ta 1990, an rarraba littafin da ake buga kowane wata mai taken *Bhutan Focus* .
Leila Salazar-Lopez

**Leila Salazar-López** ta yi aiki a matsayin babban darakta na Amazon Watch tun daga shekarar 2015. A matsayinsa na Babban Darakta na Amazon Watch, Salazar-López ya jagoranci kungiyar a kokarin da take yi na karewa da kare lafiyar al'adu da kuma yanayin yanayi na gandun daji na Amazon ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da 'yan asalin don kare hakkinsu da yankunansu. 

Salazar-López ya kuma jagoranci Amazon Watch tare da hadin gwiwar kungiyoyi kamar Greenpeace, 350, Sierra Club, Rainforest Action Network, da sauransu, a kokarin tabbatar da lissafin kamfanoni, girmama haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar, da kiyaye yanayin halittu na Amazon. Salazar-López ta bayyana a matsayin baƙo a cikin watsa shirye-shiryen, 24 Hours of Climate Reality, wani ɓangare na Climate Reality Project, inda ta tattauna muhimmancin kare yankin Amazon.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Salazar-López ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar California, Santa Barbara a shekarar 1998 tare da digiri na farko a cikin Nazarin Muhalli da Kimiyya ta Siyasa. Ta yi aiki a fagen kare hakkin dan adam da canjin yanayi sama da shekaru ashirin a matsayin mai shirya kasa da kuma darektan bayar da shawarwari na kasa da kasa don Amazon Watch, Rainforest Action Network, Global Exchange, da Green Corps.

Salazar-López tana zaune a San Francisco, CA tare da mijinta da 'ya'ya mata biyu. Ta bayyana kanta a matsayin "mace mai girman kai na Chicana-Latina", kuma ta bayyana kanta a kasashe "mai kare uwa Duniya, Amazon, 'yancin' yan asalin da Adalci na yanayi.

## Littattafai
Salazar-López ya rubuta kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga labarai daban-daban ciki har da;

* Sauran Babban Samfurin Kasuwancin China: Pollution wanda aka rubuta tare da Paulina Garzón, wanda aka buga a cikin New York Times, 21/7/2017 https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/21/opinion/china-climate-pollution-global-warming.html
* Menene China da California suke da alaƙa - Amazon? An buga shi a cikin The Mercury News, 06/13/2017 http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/06/13/opinion-why-china-is-an-awkward-climate-partner-for-california-hint-the-amazon/
* 'The Amazon is Life:" Tambaya da amsa tare da Sheyla Juruna, 'yar asalin ƙasar jarumi daga Amazon ta Brazil An buga shi a cikin Jaridar Tsibirin Duniya, 10/12/2011 http://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/oeuvre/leila-salazar-lopez/ 

## Manazarta
Fariba Balouch

**Fariba [[Baloch people|Baloch]]** 'yar gwagwarmayar kare hakkin dan adam ce ta Iran da ke zaune a Landan . Ita 'yar asalin Iran ce. Tana aiki don kare hakkin mata da kare hakkin dan adam a Sistan da Baluchistan a Iran. Ta sami lambar yabo ta Mata masu jarumtaka ta 2024 .  

## Manazarta
Tana magana ne game da kalubalen da mata ke fuskanta a yankin Balochistan, tana ba da shawara ga daidaito tsakanin jinsi da adalci a cikin yaduwar cin zarafin bil'adama. An ba da labarin rayuwarta da gwagwarmayarta a cikin fim din "A cikin Wannan Cage," wanda ke ba da haske game da gwagwarmayar da mata ke fuskanta a Sistan da Balochistan, yana nuna cikakken matsalar kare hakkin dan adam a yankin.
Kungiyar Matan Mozambique

Kungiyar Matan Mozambique, wacce kuma aka fi sani da LIFEMO, kungiya ce mai alaka da FRELIMO (Mozambique Liberation Front), wacce aka kafa a shekarar 1962. Manufarta ita ce ta tallafa wa iyalan mayaƙan a lokacin yaƙin neman yancin kai da kuma yada manufofin ƙungiyar. Selina Simango ta rike shugaban kasa sai kuma Priscila Gumane mataimakiyar shugaban kasa. Baya ga shiga cikin taron mata na Pan-Afrika, waɗannan shugabannin sun yi ta tafiye-tafiye akai-akai, suna kafa hanyar sadarwa ta tallafi tare da ƙasashe ko ƙungiyoyi waɗanda suka haɗa kai da gwagwarmayar samun 'yancin kai a Afirka. 

To sai dai kuma bayan da aka fara rikici da makami a Mozambik an gabatar da sabbin bukatu. Da yake fuskantar buƙatar karewa da tattara wuraren da aka 'yantar da su, da kuma waɗanda Portugal ke iko da su, an ƙirƙiri Destacamento Feminino a cikin 1967, shekara guda bayan ƙarshen LIFEMO. Wadanda suka kunshi mata ‘yan daba wadanda suka nemi horon soji daga shugabancin FRELIMO, wadannan mayaka sun mamaye yankunan da aka kebe don maza, suna haifar da juyin juya hali a yankunan manoma da masu ra’ayin mazan jiya, tare da takaita iko da iko da maza kan rawar da mata ke takawa da kuma haifuwa 

## Manazarta
Frauenwohl

Frauenwohl ("Mata Jin Dadin Mata") wata al'ummar Jamus ce ta mata ta ƙunshi mata masu taimakon jama'a waɗanda suka ɗauki aikinsu na ƙirƙira tsare-tsare don kyautata yanayin mata marasa galihu. Minna Cauer ce ta kafa ta a Berlin a cikin 1888, wanda kuma ya zama editan sashin hukuma na ƙungiyar, wanda ake kira Frauenwohl.

## Tarihi
Cauer ya kafa ƙungiyar Frauenwohl ta farko a Berlin a cikin 1888 da nufin ƙarfafa kafa ƙungiyoyi masu suna a cikin Danzig, Königsberg, Frankfurt (Oder), Breslau, Bonn, Bromberg, Rudolstadt kuma a ƙarshe, kuma a Hamburg. An mayar da hankali ne wajen ciyar da muhimman bukatu na daidaito ga mata a kowane fanni

An kafa ƙungiyar a Hamburg a ƙarshen 1895 kuma, kamar sauran ƙungiyoyi huɗu, tana cikin cibiyar mata da Lida Heymann ta kafa a Paulstraße 9 a Hamburg. Heymann kuma musamman Cauer ya zo kan gaba a matsayin masu kafa. na ƙungiyar Frauenwohl sun nuna rashin amincewa da rashin amincewa da duk abin da ya yi kama da rashin adalci a gare shi, sun yi zargi a tarurruka na jama'a da kuma a cikin jarida; ta yi bukatunta kuma ba ta yi sulhu ba

Ayyukan nasu sun hada da: gudanar da taruka da tattaunawa kan al'amuran siyasa na yau da kullum; darussa a kan al'amuran jama'a, tsarin mulki, kulawa, jam'iyyun siyasa; kuma an ziyarci fursunonin da kuma bin hukuncin da aka yanke musu an tallafa musu. Bukatun kungiyar sun hada da: dokar kungiya daya ga dukkan Jamus; aikin likitoci mata a makarantu; jumlar sauya tsarin gidan yari; cikakken garambawul ga tsarin makarantun ‘yan mata; da fadada ayyukan mata, musamman sabbin nau'ikan ayyuka na kimiyya da kasuwanci. Twellmann, 1992, pp. 69, 

Cauer kuma shi ne editan ƙasida ta mako-mako na ƙungiyar, wanda kuma ake kira Frauenwohl
## Manazarta

## Fitattun mutane
Minna Cauer (1841-1922), malami, mai fafutukar mata, mai fafutuka kuma ɗan jarida.
Hedwig Dohm (1831-1919), mata kuma marubuci
Helene von Forster (1859-1923), mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata kuma marubuci
Lida Heymann (1868-1943), mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata, mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata.
Bertha Kipfmüller (1861-1948), malamar makaranta, mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata, mai fafutuka.
Jeanette Schwerin (1852-1899), mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata kuma majagaba a aikin zamantakewa
Ƙungiyar 'Yan Mata ta Jamus

'''Ƙungiyar 'Yan Mata ta Jamus''' (Jamusanci: ) ita ce tsohuwar ƙungiyar kare hakkin mata ta Jamus, wacce aka kafa a ranar 18 ga Oktoba 1865

## Tarihi
The association was created by Louise Otto-Peters and Auguste Schmidt in Leipzig on 18 October 1865. The first SPD chairman August Bebel was also present when the association was founded. It was originally named the **General German Women's Association** (German: Allgemeiner Deutscher Frauenverein).

Ɗaya daga cikin misalai na aikin su na farko shine lokacin da aka ki Maria von Linden shiga cikakken shiga a matsayin dalibi a Jami'ar Tübingen . An ba ta izinin kuri'un 8 zuwa 10 don a ba ta izini a matsayin ɗalibar baƙo. Wannan ƙungiyar ta ba da kuɗi da tallafawa karatun ta. Linden za ta zama ɗaya daga cikin farfesa mata na farko na Jamus.

Kungiyar ta karɓi sunan ta na yanzu a cikin 1918. Ƙungiyar 'Yan Mata ta Jamus tana da alaƙa da Ƙungiyar Mata ta Duniya .
## Manazarta
Majalisar Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Mata ta Jamus

Majalisar Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Mata ta Jamus
Daga Wikipedia, encyclopedia na kyauta
Majalisar Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Mata ta Jamus
Deutscher Frauenrat

Takaitacce DF
Samuwar 1951
Nau'in NGO
Matsayin doka Ƙungiya mai rijista
Mayar da hankali daidaiton Jinsi
Babban ofishin Berlin, Jamus
Hanyoyi Gyaran doka, shawarwarin siyasa
Membobin kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu 62 masu mambobi miliyan 11
Shugaba Beate von Miquel
Yanar Gizo www.frauenrat.de
Majalisar Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Mata ta Jamus - Ƙungiyar Mata ta Jamus (Jamus: Deutscher Frauenrat - Lobby der Frauen a Deutschland) wata ƙungiya ce ta Jamus don ƙungiyoyi masu kula da 'yancin mata da daidaiton jinsi. Daya daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin mata na Turai, ta hada da kungiyoyi 62 membobi masu mambobi miliyan 11.

## Tarihi da manufofi
An kafa ta a cikin 1951 kuma tana kallon kanta a matsayin magajin Bund Deutscher Frauenvereine, wanda ya wanzu daga 1894 zuwa 1933.@

Majalisar, mai kama da Bund Deutscher Frauenvereine, a al'adance kungiya ce ta 'yan bogi ko "bourgeois-liberal" na mata, amma bayan lokaci ya sami babban matsayi na siyasa sakamakon kusanci tsakanin ƙungiyoyin mata masu sassaucin ra'ayi da ƙwadago ko masu ra'ayin demokraɗiyya na mata, kamar yadda ƙungiyar ta shiga. A yau, babbar laima ce mai wakilci ga ƙungiyoyin mata na Jamus mai wakilai 62 da mambobi miliyan 11.

Majalisar Ƙungiyoyin Mata ta Jamus ta ƙaddamar da kafa ƙungiyar CEDAW Alliance Jamus, kuma tana aiki a matsayin cibiyarta. Memba ce ta kafa ƙungiyar mata ta Turai kuma babban babin ta na ƙasa.

Majalisar ta himmatu wajen bayar da shawarwarin yancin mata da daidaito a siyasa, aiki, da cikin iyali. Babban makasudin shine daidaito da daidaito tsakanin jinsi a kowane fanni na rayuwa. Kungiyar tana aiki ne bisa ka'idojin dimokuradiyya, tana mutunta juriya, kuma tana jaddada hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa. Fahimtarta game da manufarta ta kuma haɗa da tallafawa 'yancin ɗan adam na ƙungiyoyin tsiraru, kuma a cikin karni na 21, ƙungiyar kuma ta shiga cikin ba da ra'ayin kare haƙƙin ƴan jinsi da sauran al'ummomin ƙauyen Jamus. Don haka majalisar ta yi adawa da transphobia, tana goyan bayan nuna kai ga jinsi kuma ta bayyana cewa "matan trans mata ne kuma muna bukatar mu wakilce su da kare hakkokinsu." yanayin rayuwa.",

Irene Stoehr, masanin kimiyyar zamantakewar tarihi da 'yar jarida da Rita Pawlowski sun kasance daga cikin mahimman membobin ma'aikatan edita na wannan ƙungiyar.

Tun 2021 Beate von Miquel ya zama shugaban kungiyar.@,

## Manazarta
Komawa daga Scotland

Back Off Scotland kungiya ce ta kamfen da ke ba da shawara game da tsoratar da cin zarafin mata da ke halartar asibitocin kiwon lafiyar jima'i a Scotland. Babban burinsu shine samun yankuna masu tsayayya da mita 150 da aka kafa a kusa da asibitoci a duk fadin kasar da ke ba da sabis na zubar da ciki don hana masu zanga-zangar adawa da zubar da ciki ciki da masu zanga-zanga.

## Kafawa
Kamfen ɗin, wanda aka fara kiransa Back Off Chalmers tare da ambaton Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jima'i ta Chalmers a Edinburgh, ɗaliban Jami'ar Edinburgh Lucy Grieve da Alice Murray ne suka kafa shi.

An fara kamfen ɗin gabatar da yankuna masu gujewa 100m a kusa da asibitin a watan Oktoba 2020 bayan karuwar yawan masu zanga-zangar adawa da zubar da ciki daga 40 Days for Life a kusa da Asibitin. Masu fafutukar sun yi iƙirarin cewa masu zanga-zangar sun keta haƙƙin marasa lafiya ga rashin sani da kiwon lafiya.

Bayan kaddamar da takarda a Edinburgh a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba 2020, kungiyar ta kirkiro irin wannan kamfen a Glasgow da kuma fadin Scotland. Bayan wannan, an sake sunan yakin zuwa Back Off Scotland 

## Amsa
Bayan an gabatar da takarda da ta tara sa hannu 4,800, Majalisar Birnin Edinburgh ta yi muhawara game da batutuwan kuma ta ba da amsar su a watan Fabrairun 2021. Majalisar ta amince da cewa yayin da ba su da ikon aiwatar da yankunan da kansu, za su goyi bayan motsi kuma suyi aiki tare da Yarjejeniyar Hukumomin Ƙananan Hukumomin Scotland don tallafawa kamfen ɗin a kan sikelin ƙasa..

Majalisar Birnin Glasgow ta rubuta cewa ba su yi imani da cewa suna da ikon ƙirƙirar yankuna masu buffer ba, kuma dole ne a kai wannan ga Gwamnatin Scotland. Bayan shawarar majalisar, an kaddamar da takarda ta kasa da kasa ta hanyar change.org don yin kira ga Gwamnatin Scotland da ta kirkiro sabuwar doka.

A cikin Zaben Majalisar Dokokin Scotland na 2021, Jam'iyyar Scottish National Party da Scottish Liberal Democrats sun haɗa da gabatar da 'Zones masu aminci' a kusa da asibitocin zubar da ciki a cikin takardar zabe.

A watan Yunin 2022, Back Off Scotland ya nemi Ministan farko, Nicola Sturgeon da ya gudanar da taron gaggawa na zubar da ciki bayan Roe V Wade da karuwar zanga-zangar a Scotland. An gudanar da taron ne a ranar 27 ga Yuni 2022 kuma Alice da Lucy sun halarta. A lokacin taron, Gwamnatin Scotland ta sanar da niyyar su na tallafawa yakin neman zabe na Back Off Scotland da kuma gabatar da dokokin yankin buffer 

A watan Yulin 2022 kungiyar ta gudanar da abubuwan kiɗa a Glasgow da Edinburgh don tara kudade don kamfen ɗin su.

A watan Fabrairun 2023, Back Off Scotland ya yi magana a taron koli na biyu na Scottish Abortion . 

Lucy da Alice sun soki rashin aiki na Gwamnatin Scotland game da dokokin yankin shinge kuma sun nuna damuwa cewa Gwamnati na komawa baya kan jajircewarsu ga tsarin 'blanket' na kasa. 

## Manazarta
Kungiyar mata ta blackburn masu maudo da zaman lafiya

An kafa Ƙungiyar Gyara Mata ta Blackburn a Blackburn a farkon Yuli 1819.[  Nan take suka aika da dasawar zuwa wasu gundumomi, inda suka gayyaci mata da ’ya’yan ma’aikatan da ke sassa daban-daban na masana’antu don samar da kansu a cikin al’umma iri ɗaya. Saboda haka Manchester ta kafa nasu al'umma na masu kawo sauyi a ranar 20 ga Yuli 1819. Nottingham, masu gyara sun yanke shawarar yin amfani da samfurin Blackburn.

"A Blackburn 'yan kungiyar Reform Society sun yi alkawarin kansu "su yi amfani da iyakar ƙoƙarinmu don cusa wa yaranmu ƙiyayya mai zurfi da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan shuwagabannin mu masu lalata da kuma azzalumai." Ɗayan hanya ita ce amfani da Mummunan Harafi don Amfani da 'Ya'yan Mata Masu Sauya: B na Littafi Mai-Tsarki ne, Bishop da Ƙwararru; K na Sarki, Kings and Evil for Kidnak; Mai kaushi da Muguwa."

E.P. Thomson, Ƙirƙirar Ƙwararrun Aiki na Turanci
Misalin masu gyara na Blackburn ya haɗa da bayar da kyauta, gami da gabatar da iyakoki na 'yanci, aikin da al'ummomin Stockport da Galston suka nuna.
## Manazarta
Yan uwa Masu aiki gidan talabejin da rediyo

Sisters Working in Film and Television (**SWIFT**) kungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta Afirka ta Kudu da aka kirkira a shekarar 2016 wacce ke inganta daidaito a masana'antar fina-finai da maza ke da rinjaye a tarihi kuma tana ba mata damar inganta juna da cibiyar sadarwa. Hukumar Fim ta KwaZulu-Natal ce ke tallafawa kungiyar.n.

An kafa SWIFT a cikin 2016 a lokacin bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Durban, mai shirya fina-fakkaatu da furodusa Sara Blecher an dauke shi wanda ya kafa kuma co-kafa Flavia Motsisi a matsayin Shugaban Kwarewa da Mentorship kuma Zoe Ramushu ita ce mai magana da yawun kungiyar. Kungiyar ta kawo wa jama'a matsaloli daban-daban da mata ke fuskanta a masana'antun fina-finai da talabijin. Kungiyar ta ba da bincike a cikin 2017, wanda bisa ga kashi biyu cikin uku na matan da aka bincika an yi musu rauni ko kuma an kara tsananta musu a wurin aikinsu ba tare da izinin su ba. A sakamakon haka, SWIFT ta fara kamfen din #ThatsNotOkay, wanda ke amfani da bidiyo don jawo hankali ga Cin zarafin jima'i da cin zarafin lalata a Masana'antar fina-finai. Bugu da kari, kungiyar ta kafa nata Dokar Halin, wanda wasu kungiyoyi a masana'antar fina-finai ke kiyayewa. Kungiyar Masu Gudanar da Kai (IPO) ta karɓi lambar a matsayin tilas ga duk membobin. Ɗaya daga cikin manufofin SWIFT shine kafa ra'ayoyi masu kama da juna a cikin doka. A cikin 2018, SWIFT ta aika da tawagar mata masu shirya fina-finai daga Afirka ta Kudu zuwa Berlinale a karon farko.
## Manazarta
Commune I (Yamai)

Commune I, wanda aka fi sani da Niamey I, wani birni ne a Nijar. Gunduma ce a birnin Yamai, babban birnin ƙasar Nijar.

## Gidaje da ƙauyuka
Niamey I ya ƙunshi unguwa 18:

Ya kunshi ƙauyuka 8:
* 
* Gorou
* 
* 
* 
* Soudouré
* Tondibia
* 

## Manazarta

## Adireshin Waje
Ƙungiyar Ƙididdigar Halaye

An kafa Society for Quantitative Analyzes of Behavior a cikin 1978 ta Michael Lamport Commons da John Anthony Nevin.  Shugaban farko shine Richard J. Herrnstein.  Da farko ana kiranta da Harvard Symposium on Quantitative Analysis of Havior (HSQAB).  Wannan al'umma takan hadu sau ɗaya a shekara don tattauna batutuwa daban-daban a cikin ƙididdigar ƙididdiga na halayya da suka haɗa da: tattalin arziƙin halayya, haɓakar ɗabi'a, tsarin haɗin gwiwa ko hanyoyin sadarwa na jijiyoyi, ragi na hyperbolic, cin abinci, koyo mara kuskure, koyo da samfurin Rescorla-Wagner, dokar da ta dace, Melioration, scalar expectancy, gano sigina da sarrafa kuzari, haɗin kai ko Neural.  Ana gabatar da samfuran lissafi da bayanai kuma an tattauna su.  Filin reshe ne na ilimin ilimin lissafi.  Ana buga wasu takaddun da aka samo daga taron tattaunawa a matsayin fitowa ta musamman na Mujallolin Tsarin Halayen Hali.

## Manazarta
Commune III (Yamai)

**Commune III** (Niamey), wanda aka fi sani da 
Niamey III, wani birni ne a Nijar. Gunduma ce a birnin Yamai, babban birnin ƙasar Nijar. 

## Gidaje da ƙauyuka
Niamey III ya ƙunshi unguwanni 16:

Ya kunshi ƙauyuka 7:
* 
* Kongou Gorou Tondi
* Mekirey
* Kongou Gorou Balley Do
* Kongou Gorou II
* Kongou Gorou Tourakou
* Kongou Gorou Kimba Ide

## Manazarta

## Adireshin Waje