Yarjejeniyar Copenhagen

**Copenhagen Consensus** wani aiki ne wanda ke neman kafa fifiko don inganta jin dadin duniya ta amfani da hanyoyin da suka danganci ka'idar tattalin arzikin jin dadin, ta amfani da nazarin farashi-amfanin. Bjørn Lomborg ne ya tsara shi kuma ya shirya shi a shekara ta 2004,  marubucin The Skeptical Environmentalist kuma darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Muhalli ta gwamnatin Denmark a lokacin.

Cibiyar Yarjejeniyar Copenhagen ce ke gudanar da aikin,  wanda Lomborg ke jagoranta kuma yana daga cikin Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Copenhagen, amma yanzu ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta 501 (c) (3) mai zaman kanta da ba ta da riba da aka yi rajista a Amurka. Aikin yana la'akari da yiwuwar warware matsaloli masu yawa, waɗanda masana suka gabatar a kowane fagen. Wadannan ana kimanta su kuma an tsara su ta hanyar kwamitin masana tattalin arziki. An jaddada shi ne a kan fifiko mai ma'ana ta hanyar nazarin tattalin arziki. An ba kwamitin ƙuntataccen kasafin kuɗi kuma an umurce shi da ya yi amfani da nazarin farashi-amfanin don mayar da hankali kan hanyar layin ƙasa wajen warware / ƙaddamar da matsalolin da aka gabatar. An tabbatar da wannan hanyar a matsayin gyare-gyare ga al'ada a cikin ci gaban kasa da kasa, inda, ana zargin, kulawar kafofin watsa labarai da "tribunal na ra'ayin jama'a" suna haifar da fifiko waɗanda galibi ba su da kyau.

## Tarihi
Shirin ya gudanar da taro a cikin 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011 da 2012. Taron na 2012 ya sanya abubuwan da suka dace da micronutrient mafi fifiko,  kuma rahoton 2008 ya gano ƙarin bitamin ga yara marasa abinci a matsayin mafi kyawun saka hannun jari a duniya.  Taron na 2009, wanda ke hulɗa musamman da dumama duniya, ya ba da shawarar bincike game da fararen girgije na ruwa (jirage da ke yayyafa ruwan teku cikin girgije don sa su nuna karin hasken rana kuma ta haka ne rage zafin jiki) a matsayin mafi girman fifiko na canjin yanayi, kodayake canjin yanayi da kansa an sanya shi ƙasa da sauran matsalolin duniya. A cikin 2011 Cibiyar Yarjejeniyar Copenhagen ta gudanar da aikin Rethink HIV tare da Gidauniyar RUSH, don neman mafita masu kyau ga matsalar HIV / AIDS. A cikin 2007 ya bincika waɗanne ayyukan zasu ba da gudummawa mafi yawa ga jin dadin a cikin Copenhagen Consensus for Latin America tare da hadin gwiwar Bankin Ci Gaban Amurka.

Gwamnatin Denmark da The Economist ne suka dauki nauyin aikin farko. Wani littafi da ke taƙaita ƙaddamarwar Copenhagen Consensus 2004, Global Crises, Global Solutions, wanda Lomborg ya shirya, an buga shi a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2004 ta Cambridge University Press, sannan kuma fitowar ta biyu da aka buga a shekara ta 2009 bisa ga ƙaddamarwar shekara ta 2008.

## Yarjejeniyar Copenhagen 2012
A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2012, an gudanar da yarjejeniyar Copenhagen ta uku a duniya, inda aka tara masana tattalin arziki don nazarin farashin da fa'idodi na hanyoyi daban-daban don magance manyan matsalolin duniya. Manufar ita ce samar da amsar tambayar: Idan kuna da dala biliyan 75 don dalilai masu daraja, ina ya kamata ku fara? Kwamitin da ya hada da masu karbar kyautar Nobel guda hudu sun hadu a Copenhagen, Denmark, a watan Mayu na shekarar 2012.

### Masana tattalin arziki
Mambobin kwamitin sune masu zuwa, hudu daga cikinsu masanan tattalin arziki ne na Nobel Laureate.

* Robert Mundell
* Nancy Stokey
* Thomas Schelling
* Vernon Smith
* Finn Kydland

### Ƙalubalen

* Yaƙi da makamai
* Biodiversity
* Cutar da ba ta da alaƙa
* Canjin yanayi
* Ilimi
* Yunwa da Rashin abinci mai gina jiki 
* Cututtukan cututtuka
* Bala'o'i na halitta
* Ƙaruwar yawan jama'a
* Ruwa da tsaftacewa 

Bugu da kari, Cibiyar ta ba da umarnin bincike kan Cin hanci da rashawa  da shingen kasuwanci,  amma Kwamitin Kwararru bai sanya waɗannan don Yarjejeniyar Copenhagen ba, saboda mafita ga waɗannan ƙalubalen siyasa ne maimakon saka hannun jari.

### Sakamakon
Idan aka ba da ƙuntataccen kasafin kuɗi, sun sami saka hannun jari 16 da suka cancanci saka hannun jari (a cikin tsari mai saukowa na sha'awa): 

# Matsalolin micronutrient don yaki da yunwa da inganta ilimi
# fadada tallafin don maganin zazzabin cizon sauro
# Yaduwar rigakafin yara
# Cirewar yara a makaranta, don inganta sakamakon ilimi da kiwon lafiya
# Yaduwar maganin tarin fuka
# R&D don kara inganta amfanin gona, don rage yunwa, yaki da lalacewar halittu, da rage tasirin Canjin yanayi
# Zuba jari a cikin ingantaccen tsarin gargadi na farko don kare jama'a daga bala'i
# Ƙarfafa ikon tiyata
# Rigakafin cutar hepatitis B
# Amfani da magungunan da ba su da tsada sosai idan akwai ciwon zuciya mai tsanani a cikin ƙasashe masu talauci (waɗannan sun riga sun kasance a ƙasashe masu tasowa) 
# Kamfen na rage gishiri don rage cututtukan da ba su da tsanani
# Geo-engineering R&D a cikin yiwuwar gudanar da hasken rana
# Canjin kuɗi na yanayi don halartar makaranta
# R&D na rigakafin HIV mai sauri
# Yunkurin yunkurin yaduwar bayanai game da fa'idodin makaranta
# Borehole da shigar da famfo na hannu na jama'a

### Matsayi na Slate
A lokacin taron Copenhagen Consensus 2012, an buga jerin labaran a cikin Slate Magazine  kowannensu game da ƙalubalen da aka tattauna, kuma masu karatu na Slate na iya yin nasu matsayi, suna jefa kuri'a don mafita waɗanda suka yi tunanin sun fi kyau. Matsayin masu karatu na Slate ya dace da na Kwamitin Kwararru a kan batutuwa da yawa, gami da sha'awar shiga tsakani na micronutrient; duk da haka, bambancin da ya fi ban mamaki ya kasance dangane da matsalar Yawan jama'a. Shirye-shiryen Iyali ya kasance mafi girma a cikin jerin sunayen Slate, yayin da bai kasance a cikin manyan 16 na ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ba.

## Manazarta