open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Fan Di'an

**Fan Di'an** ( Chinese    ; an haife shi a watan Satumba 1955) ɗan ƙasar Sin ne mai zane a yanzu haka yana aiki a matsayin shugaban Kwalejin Fasaha ta Tsakiya da Ƙungiyar Masu Fasaha ta China .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Fan a Fujian a watan Satumba na shekarar 1955. [1] Ya yi karatun sakandare a Makarantar Sakandare ta Pucheng ta 1 a Gundumar Pucheng. A lokacin juyin juya halin al'adu na ƙarshen zamani, ya kasance matashi mai rauni tsakanin 1973 da 1977. Bayan sake fara jarrabawar shiga kwaleji a shekarar 1977, an karɓe shi a Jami'ar Fujian ta Al'ada . Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya koyar a jami'ar. Ya shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta China a watan Afrilun 1979. [1] A shekarar 1985, an shigar da shi Kwalejin Fasaha ta Tsakiya, kuma ya yi aiki a jami'ar tun 1988. Ya kasance malami mai ziyara a Jami'ar Victoria daga 1992 zuwa 1993. A shekarar 2005, an naɗa shi shugaban Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha ta Ƙasa ta China . Bayan an dakatar da wannan ofishin a shekarar 2014, ya zama shugaban Kwalejin Fasaha ta Tsakiya . [1] A watan Disamba na shekarar 2018, an zaɓe shi shugaban ƙungiyar Mawakan China . [1]

Ya kasance memba na kwamitin kasa na 11, 12, da 13 na taron ba da shawara kan harkokin siyasa na jama'ar kasar Sin . &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Manazarta
Joey Foster Ellis

**Joey Foster Ellis** (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Agusta, 1984) ƙwararren mai fasaha ne kuma ɗan asalin Auburn, New York wanda ya sami digirinsa na BFA daga Kwalejin Fasaha ta Tsakiya (CAFA) a 2009, ya zama ɗan Amurka na farko da ya kammala karatunsa. An nuna ayyukansa sosai a duk faɗin Asiya da Arewacin Amurka kuma ana iya samunsa a cikin tarin masu zaman kansu da yawa ciki har da Sakatariyar Harkokin Waje Hillary Clinton da tsohon Shugaban Amurka George W. Bush . Ya sami kwamitocin da suka shafi wurin, ciki har da Greenpeace, Bank of America, Chevron da Manulife kuma an nuna ayyukansa a cikin wallafe-wallafe kamar The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, Time da Newsweek. Ellis ya karɓi kyautar TEDGlobal Fellowship ta 2010  kuma Gidan Tarihi na Renwick na Smithsonian American Art Museum ya zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 40, babban baje kolin da ke nuna ayyukan masu fasaha arba'in da aka haifa tun 1972. 

## Ilimi da asali
Joey Ellis ya fara aikinsa na fasaha tun yana ɗalibi a makarantar sakandare a Putney School da ke Putney, Vermont. Bayan kammala karatunsa a shekarar 2004, Ellis ya halarci Jami'ar Alfred don fara aiki a kan digiri na farko a fannin Fasaha. [1] A lokacin karatunsa a Jami'ar Alfred, farfesa ya gaya masa, "Joey, za ka je China.", kuma Ellis ya sami kansa a Beijing makonni biyu bayan haka. [2] Ya zama Ba'amurke na farko da ya kammala karatunsa daga Kwalejin Fasaha ta Tsakiya a shekarar 2009.

A halin yanzu yana aiki don samun digiri na biyu a fannin nazarin kiyaye muhalli tare da Kwalejin Jami'a ta London da ke Doha, Qatar inda yake zaune a halin yanzu. 

**TEDGlobal Fellowship**

A shekarar 2010, Joey Ellis ya sami nasarar shiga shirin TEDGlobal Fellowship na shekarar 2010. Wannan shirin yana taimaka wa masu kirkire-kirkire masu sauya duniya su zama wani ɓangare na al'ummar TEDGlobal don bayyana ayyukansu da ayyukansu na kashin kansu. Ana zaɓar abokan aiki daga fannoni daban-daban. 

## Manazarta
Li Hui (mai zane)

Mai zane **Li Hui** (1977–2020) wanda ke zaune a Beijing ya kammala karatunsa daga Kwalejin Fasaha ta Tsakiya ta China a shekarar 2003.  . A matsayinsa na mai zane mai ra'ayi, ya yi aiki a fannoni daban-daban, ciki har da sassaka masu haske da aka yi da neon da kuma hasken laser, kuma ya hango keɓancewar da sabbin iyakoki na sabon zamanin fasahar sabbin hanyoyin sadarwa na kasar Sin a cikin sassakansa.

Tare da taimakon yawancin dabarun zamani, Li Hui ya yi la'akari da abubuwan da aka ambata kuma ya yi kama da wani salon waka da ya kewaye sakamakon.

An nuna Li Hui da ayyukansa a nune-nunen fasaha daban-daban, misali Gidan Tarihi na Zamani Kunst Stiftung Ludwig Wien (AUT), Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Ƙasa na China da ke Beijing (CN) da Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani na Ƙasa na Seoul, (Koriya ta Kudu).

Baya ga haka, Li Hui ya yi baje kolin a Busan Biennale (Koriya ta Kudu) (2006), Shanghai Biennale (CN) (2006), Chengdu Biennale (CN) (2005)

### Mutuwa
Li Hui ya mutu yana da shekaru 43 a ranar 4 ga Mayu, 2020 sakamakon wata rashin lafiya da ba a bayyana ba. 

## Littattafai

* Matasan Mawakan China; Christoph Noe da sauransu; Prestel; 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20091017172536/http://theministryofart.com/Ministry%20of%20art%20webpage/Publications-young-1.html

## Manazarta
Liu Bolin

**Liu Bolin** ( simplified Chinese      ; an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Janairu, 1973) wani mai fasaha ne na zamani wanda aka haifa a lardin Shandong na kasar Sin, wanda ya kware a zane-zanen kansa inda yake boye don ya dace da muhallinsa. Ya sami digirinsa na farko a fannin zane-zane daga Kwalejin Fasaha ta Shandong a shekarar 1995 da kuma digirinsa na biyu a fannin zane-zane daga Kwalejin Fasaha ta Tsakiya da ke Beijing a shekarar 2001. An nuna ayyukansa a gidajen tarihi a duk fadin duniya. Wanda aka fi sani da "mutumin da ba a gani", ayyukan Liu mafi shahara sun fito ne daga jerin ayyukansa na "Hiding in the City", ayyukan daukar hoto da suka fara a matsayin zane-zane a shekarar 2005 sakamakon rushewar kauyen masu fasaha da ya yi aiki a Beijing a shirye-shiryen gasar Olympics ta Beijing ta 2008 .

Tun bayan fara nuna shi kaɗai a birnin Beijing a shekarar 1998, ayyukan Liu sun sami karɓuwa daga ƙasashen duniya. Daga cikin sauran wurare na duniya, an nuna hotunansa da sassaka na musamman a babban bikin ɗaukar hoto na zamani na Les Rencontres d'Arles kuma ya yi nunin kai kaɗai a Dashanzi Art Zone da ke Beijing (2007), Galerie Bertin-Toublanc da ke Paris (2007), Klein Sun Gallery da ke New York (2008), Galerie Paris-Beijing da ke Paris da Brussels (2013), Boxart Gallery da ke Verona (2008), Forma Foundation for Photography a Milan (2010),  da HC Andersen Museum da ke Rome (2012). 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Liu ya kasance cikin tsararrakin da suka girma a farkon shekarun 1990, lokacin da China ta fito daga tarkacen juyin juya halin al'adu kuma ta fara jin daɗin saurin ci gaban tattalin arziki da kwanciyar hankali na siyasa. 

Yanzu haka yana zaune kuma yana aiki a Beijing, China.

## Jerin Jeri

### ''Boyewa a cikin Birni''
Liu ya yi sha'awar ƙirƙirar shirinsa na "Ɓoyewa a Birni" bayan lalata ƙauyen Suo Jia Cun na masu fasaha na Beijing a watan Nuwamba na 2005. A lokacin lalatawar, Liu yana aiki a Suo Jia Cun, wanda a da aka ba shi lakabin babbar ƙungiyar masu fasaha ta Asiya. Sakamakon martanin da ya mayar game da rushe wannan wurin, Liu ya yanke shawarar amfani da fasaharsa a matsayin hanyar yin zanga-zanga a shiru, yana mai jawo hankali ga rashin kariyar da masu fasaha na China suka samu daga gwamnatinsu. Ta hanyar amfani da jikinsa wajen yin zane a wurare daban-daban a Beijing, Liu ya ƙirƙiri sarari ga masu fasaha na China, yana kiyaye matsayinsu na zamantakewa da kuma nuna alaƙar da ke tsakaninsu da muhallinsu.

A cikin aikinsa, Liu ya kasance yana mai da hankali sosai kan matsalolin zamantakewa daban-daban da ke tare da saurin ci gaban tattalin arzikin kasar Sin, wanda hakan ya sanya siyasar zamantakewa ta zama ginshikin sharhin hotunansa. A cikin littafin "Boyewa a Birni", Liu ya yi daya daga cikin taken da ya mayar da hankali a kai a matsayin kayan aikin ilimi da ake amfani da su a cikin al'ummomin Kwaminisanci, yana mai nuna cewa mutane da yawa za su saba da taken a kan lokaci kuma su daina kula da tasirin sakonnin kan tunanin jama'a. Ta hanyar zana jikinsa cikin wasu irin taken, Liu ya tilasta wa mai kallo ya amince da sakonnin kuma, a cikin wannan tsari, ya sake duba yanayin rayuwarsa.

## Manazarta
Roger Lowenstein

Roger Lowenstein (an haife shi a shekara ta 1954) ɗan jarida ne kuma marubuci ɗan ƙasar Amurka. Ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Cornell kuma ya yi rahoto ga Jaridar Wall Street Journal fiye da shekaru goma, ciki har da shekaru biyu yana rubuta littafin Heard on the Street, daga 1989 zuwa 1991. An haife shi a shekara ta 1954, shi ɗan Helen da Louis Lowenstein ne na Larchmont, New York. Lowenstein ya auri Judith Slovin.

Shi kuma darakta ne na Asusun Sequoia .  A shekarar 2016, ya shiga kwamitin amintattu na Jami'ar Lesley .  Mahaifinsa, marigayi Louis Lowenstein, lauya ne kuma farfesa a fannin shari'a na Jami'ar Columbia wanda ya rubuta littattafai da kasidu masu suka kan masana'antar kuɗi ta Amurka. 

An fitar da sabon littafin Roger Lowenstein *mai suna Ways and Means: Lincoln and His Cabinet and the Financing of the Civil War*, a ranar 8 ga Maris, 2022,  kuma ya lashe kyautar Harold Holzer Lincoln Forum Book Prize ta 2022. 

## Aikin Jarida
Lowenstein ya buga littattafai bakwai, uku daga cikinsu su ne mafi kyawun masu siyarwa a *jaridar New York Times* . Bugu da ƙari, ya rubuta littattafai da yawa, ciki har da *The Wall Street Journal*, *Smart Money*, *[[New York Times|The New York Times]]*, *Fortune*, *Atlantic Monthly*, da sauransu. Ya kuma rubuta manyan kasidu da labaran murfin *mujallar The New York Times* . 

## Littattafai

## Manazarta
Christopher Lewis (tennis)

**John Christopher Lewis** (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 1956) tsohon ɗan wasan tennis ne daga Amurka.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Lewis a Santa Monica, California, kuma ya yi karatun kasuwanci a Jami'ar Kudancin California (USC) a ƙarshen shekarun 1970.

### Aikin wasan tennis
Lewis ya kasance ɗan wasa na Amurka sau uku a ƙungiyar USC Trojans kuma ya haɗu da Bruce Manson don lashe gasar ninka biyu a gasar cin kofin Tennis ta NCAA Division I a shekarar 1977. 

A matsayinsa na ƙwararre ɗan wasa, ya yi takara na ɗan lokaci a gasar tennis ta Grand Prix . Mafi kyawun sakamakonsa ya zo ne a gasar New South Wales Open ta 1979, inda shi da Steve Docherty suka zo na biyu a gasar ninkaya, inda Peter McNamara da Paul McNamee suka zo na biyu.

A gasar French Open ta 1980, ya yi wasan kusa da na karshe a gasar doubles, tare da Leslie Allen . 'Yan wasan biyu ba su fadi ko da wasa ba har sai da suka sha kashi a wasan kusa da na karshe a seti uku ga 'yan Czechoslovakia Stanislav Birner da Renáta Tomanová .  Ya kuma fafata a wasan ninkaya na maza tare da abokin wasansa na USC Glenn Petrovic . Wasan Grand Slam guda daya tilo da ya buga shi ne a gasar ninkaya ta gauraye a gasar Wimbledon ta 1980, inda ya fice a zagaye na biyu ba tare da ya buga ko da maki daya ba. Tare da sake yin hadin gwiwa da Allen, 'yan wasan biyu sun sami rangwame a zagaye na farko, sannan suka janye daga wasan zagaye na biyu da aka tsara da Colin Dowdeswell da Greer Stevens . 

### Kasuwanci
Lewis ya kafa kamfanin saka hannun jari mai zaman kansa a shekarar 1982 tare da Richard Riordan, wanda daga baya ya zama Magajin Garin Los Angeles .  Tsohon dan wasan tsakiya na NFL Pat Haden ya shiga kamfanin a shekarar 1987 kuma tun daga lokacin aka sanya masa suna Riordan, Lewis & Haden. 

## Wasannin ƙarshe na Grand Prix

## Manazarta
Jiang Jie (mai zane)

**Jiang Jie** ( Chinese An haife  a shekarar 1965), mai zane-zanen kasar Sin kuma malamar ɗakin zane-zane na Kwalejin Fasaha ta Tsakiya . Ta kammala karatunta daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Masana'antu ta Beijing a watan Yulin 1984, inda ta yi digiri a fannin Injin da ba na Gargajiya ba ; kuma ta fara aiki a ɗakin zane-zane na zane-zane a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Tsakiya bayan ta kammala karatunta daga CAFA a watan Yulin 1991, tare da digiri a fannin Zane-zane.

## Aikin fasaha
Jigogin ayyukan sassaka na Jiang Jie sun bayyana yadda ake kula da ɗan adam. [1] Tana amfani da layukan sassaka masu gudana don kawo wa masu kallo sararin samaniya mai ban mamaki, tana nuna hangen nesa na mace da ke binciken duniya. A lokaci guda, ayyukanta suna nuna rauni da rauni da kuma rikitarwa da tashin hankali na rayuwa. [2] Aikinta yawanci yana da ƙananan abubuwa da tunani, har ma a cikin manyan ayyukan sassaka da shigarwa, waɗanda aka samo asali ne daga lura da ita game da rauni da lalacewar rayuwar rayuwa. [3]

An siffanta ayyukan Jiang Jie a matsayin gabatar da harshen sassaka a fannin shigarwa .  Wani alama ta fasaha da aka haɓaka a duk lokacin ƙirƙirar fasaharta ita ce jigon bege bayan an fara ganinta, yawanci yakan zama yanayi mai ban tausayi.  Ana cewa amfani da jarirai da ta yi ya samo asali ne daga tausayin Jiang Jie, yayin da take amfani da "asirin, rauni, laushi, danshi, jin daɗi da kuma rashin walwala" a jikin jarirai don nuna kaɗaici da raunin manya. 

## Zane-zane na wakilci

### Kayayyakin Karɓa (1994) (《易碎的制品》)
Kamar yadda aka gani a cikin *The Appearance of Life* (1994), jarirai suma jigo ne a cikin *Fragile Products* (1994) da raunin ɗan adam. Ta bayyana rauni domin bayyana muguntar rayuwa. Jiang Jie ta yi amfani da kakin zuma mai ɗan danshi da rauni don yin jarirai masu karyewar hannuwa da ƙafafu waɗanda suka ɗan fi girman ainihin jarirai. A cikin wani baje kolin aikin ta tattara jarirai 50 masu kama da juna masu matsayi uku daban-daban, sannan ta saka su a cikin wani takarda mai siraran filastik mai tsawon mita shida da faɗin mita biyar. Saboda an rataye kusurwoyin da gefen siririn fim ɗin a tsaye, babu makawa an matse jarirai 50 da suka karye kuma suka yi karo da juna a cikin yanayi na rashin tabbas. 

## Manazarta
Kung Fan-pei

**Kung Fan-pei** ( Chinese , (1922-01-04 )  - (2011-02-05 )  ), wanda kuma aka sani da ( hao ), ko sunan alkalami, Zhusheng (竹生), ma'ana "Malamin Bamboo," fasto ne na Baptist a Taiwan. An haife shi a Qufu, Shandong, China kuma ya koma Taiwan a 1949 bayan juyin juya halin Kwaminisanci na China . A Taiwan, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban taron Baptist na China da kuma fasto na Cocin Baptist na Keelung da Cocin Baptist na Xiamen Street . Shi ne kuma wanda ya kafa Cocin Baptist na Kindly Light da Cocin Baptist na Matasa .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Kung Fan-pei ya fito ne daga zuriyar Confucius ta ƙarni na 74 (ba a cikin babban zuriyarsa ba). Ya yi digiri a fannin zane-zane daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Ching-Hua (wadda a yau ake kira Central Academy of Fine Arts ). Matarsa ita ce Hsu Jui-jung.

A lokacin Yaƙin China da Japan na biyu, Kung da matarsa sun gudu zuwa Jinan suka fara halartar ayyukan coci kafin a yi musu baftisma. Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ya ƙare a 1945, sun koma garinsu, Qufu, inda Kung ya zama malamin fasaha a wata makaranta ta gida. Ba da daɗewa ba, aka tilasta musu guduwa daga garinsu yayin da Yaƙin Basasa na China ya ɓarke kuma sojojin Kwaminisanci na China suka mamaye Shandong . Kung ya shiga Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Jamhuriyar China kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai zane-zane a matsayin laftanar na biyu . Tare da sojojin Jamhuriyar China da ke ja da baya, Kung da matarsa sun isa Taiwan a 1949.

Bayan kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1968 daga Kwalejin Tauhidi ta Baptist ta Taiwan tare da digiri na farko a fannin tauhidi, Kung ya zama fasto a Cocin Baptist na Keelung .  

A shekarar 1976, Kung ya zama fasto a cocin Baptist na Xiamen Street kuma ya kafa Cocin Baptist na Kindly Light .  A shekarar 1983, an zaɓe shi shugaban taron Baptist na kasar Sin kuma ya gudanar da ziyarar aiki a watan Nuwamba zuwa Missouri, Amurka a matsayinsa na shugaban taron.  Kafin ziyarar, ya sanya wa kansa suna na Turanci, Paul, da fatan zai iya yin wa'azin maganar Yesu kamar yadda Bulus Manzo ya yi.

Duk da cewa ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1994, ya ci gaba da kasancewa mai himma a cikin al'ummomin Baptist tsawon shekaru masu zuwa, har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekarar 2011 sakamakon bugun jini. A shekarunsa na ƙarshe, Kung ya sake samun lokacin yin ayyukan fasaha, yana bayyana ainihin tauhidin Kirista ta hanyar zanen tawada na kasar Sin.
 

## Manazarta
Rodger Lawson

**Rodger wata rana ga Lawson** ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan asalin ƙasar Ingila da Amurka. Ya taɓa riƙe manyan mukamai a Prudential Financial, Van Eck Global da Fidelity Investments .

## Ilimi da aiki
Lawson ya koma Fidelity a watan Agusta na 2007 a jajibirin ɗaya daga cikin mawuyacin halin da tattalin arziki ya shiga.  An yaba wa Shugaba Edward "Ned" C. Johnson na uku saboda dawo da Lawson don jagorantar Fidelity a cikin rikicin kuɗi. Salon gudanarwa na Lawson da wasu daga cikin ma'aikatansa sun ƙara wa Fidelity suna a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin kamfanonin kuɗi mafi aminci da inganci.

Lawson ya yi ritaya daga Fidelity Investments a farkon shekarar 2010.  An naɗa shi a Hukumar Daraktocin Ƙungiyar UnitedHealth a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, 2011,  da kuma Hukumar Daraktocin Ciniki ta E* a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, 2012. 

## Manazarta
Rafa al-Nasiri

**Rafa al-Nasiri** (an haife shi a shekarar 1940 Tikrit, Iraki -7 Disamba 2013 Amman, Jordan) ƙwararren mai zane ne na ƙasar Iraki, mai zane-zane, mai yin bugu, mai koyarwa kuma marubuci wanda ayyukansa da saƙon zamantakewa da siyasa suka ratsa zukatan jama'ar Iraki a tsakiyar ƙarni na 20. Ya kuma yi tasiri sosai wajen ƙarfafa matasa masu fasaha su fara yin bugu.

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Rafa al-Nasiri a Tikrit, Iraki, kuma ya sami ilimin fasaha na farko a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Baghdad, inda ya sami Difloma a fannin Zane a shekarar 1959. Daga nan ya ci gaba da karatunsa a fannin zane-zane ta hanyar halartar Kwalejin Fasaha ta Tsakiya da ke Beijing a China (1959-1963). Mai zane ya bayyana yadda ya shaƙu da fasahar Sin: 

A lokacin da yake karatu a ƙasar Sin, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Huang Yu Yi (wanda aka haifa a shekarar 1927), al-Nasiri ya fara sha'awar rubutun kalmomi, kuma ya fara ƙirƙiro hanyoyin da zai haɗa haruffan Larabci a cikin zane-zanensa da kwafi.  Ta wannan hanyar, al-Nasiri ya zama ƙwararren mai fasaha wanda ya fara sana'ar fasaha wanda aka fi sani da hurufiyya . 

A shekarar 1965, bayan ya dawo Baghdad daga China, shi da 'yan uwansa biyu, suka yi tafiya ta mota ta ƙasashen Larabawa da Turai ashirin da huɗu. A wannan lokacin, ya haɗu da fasahar Yammacin duniya. Ya ziyarci manyan gidajen tarihi kamar Museo del Prado, Louvre, Gidan Tarihi na Burtaniya, Gidan Tarihi na Zamani na Rome da Rijksmuseum a Amsterdam, an gabatar da shi ga ayyukan Velazquez, Goya da El Greco, Rubens, Rembrandt, Turner da sauransu kuma masu ra'ayin Impressionists sun burge shi sosai. 

Daga baya, a shekarar 1967, ya sami tallafin karatu daga Gidauniyar Gulbenkian don yin karatun bugu a Gravura da ke Lisbon, Portugal.  A can ya fuskanci fasahohi iri-iri da masu fasaha na Turai na zamani ke amfani da su, kuma aikin mai zane-zanen Faransa, Georges Mathieu (wanda aka haife shi a 1921) wanda ya yi amfani da fasahar rubutu a cikin zane-zanensa ya yi tasiri sosai. Wannan ya ƙara masa sha'awar amfani da haruffan Larabci a cikin zane-zanensa. 

Tare da wasu fitattun mawakan Iraki, ciki har da: Dia al-Azzawi, Shakir Hassan Al Said, Ismail Fattah da Kadhim Hayder, Al-Nasiri babban mai goyon bayan harkar fasahar zamani ta Pan-Arab wadda ta samu ci gaba a shekarun 1970. A wancan lokacin, Baghdad ita ce cibiyar fasaha da al'adu ta zamani a duniyar Larabawa, kuma ta haifar da ƙungiyoyin fasaha da yawa da aka tsara, waɗanda da yawa daga cikinsu suna da tushe mai zurfi na falsafa a cikin rubuce-rubucen da aka buga. [undefined] Al-Nasiri ya shiga cikin wasu ƙungiyoyin. Ya kasance memba na kafa Ƙungiyar Sabon Haske ta Baghdad, wadda aka kafa a shekarun 1960; [undefined] ƙungiyar fasaha da aka kafa bayan Juyin Juya Halin Yuli na 1958, da nufin ƙarfafa masu fasaha su yi amfani da 'yanci da gwaji mafi girma ta hanyar neman wahayi daga majiyoyi daban-daban, amma a cikin tsarin gado. [2] Shi ma memba ne na kafa ƙungiyar One Dimension mai tasiri wadda Shakir Hassan Al Said ya kafa a shekarar 1971. [1]

## Manazarta
Shigeyuki Hori

**Shigeyuki Hori** shine babban mai tsara tsarin motocin Hybrid Synergy Drive na Toyota wanda ke amfani da motoci da yawa ciki har da Prius da Lexus RX Hybrid. Babban injiniya a kamfanin Toyota Motor Corporation, Dokta Hori ya yi aiki a matsayin babban injiniya don ƙarin motoci a lokaci guda fiye da kowane mutum a tarihin kamfanin, ta hanyar kula da Prius, Celica, MR2, Caldina, Opa, Avensis, da Scion tC ci gaban kokarin a farkon zuwa tsakiyar 2000s.

## Ayyuka
Shigeyuki Hori ya shafe shekaru tara yana karatu a Jami'ar Tokyo, inda ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin injiniya.[1] A Toyota Motor Corporation, ya haɓaka Toyota Cost Calculation System, hanyar ƙayyade farashin kowane ɓangaren da ke shiga cikin abin hawa, don haka lissafin jimlar kuɗin gina kowane mota.[1] Kafin wannan tsarin, masu zanen kaya sun kiyasta farashin mota ta amfani da samfuran kwatankwacin da suka gabata.[1] Ci gaban Toyota Cost Calculation System ya sami Dr. Hori laƙabi "Dr. Cost-Magician" a cikin kamfanin, kuma an ba shi ƙarin matsayi na ci gaban abin hawa.[1]

## Manazarta
Tatsuo Hasegawa

**Tatsuo Hasegawa** (長谷川 龍雄, *Hasegawa Tatsuo*, 8 ga Fabrairu, 1916 - 29 ga Afrilu, 2008) ya kasance injiniyan mota na Japan, kuma an san shi da shugaban ci gaban Toyota Corolla na farko . Ya gina tushen motocin tattalin arziki a Japan ta hanyar ci gaban Corolla da Toyota Publica . 

## Shekaru na farko
An haifi Tatsuo Hasegawa a Tottori, Tottori Prefecture a ranar 8 ga Fabrairu, 1916. Bayan ya yi karatu a fannin aerodynamics a matsayin dalibi mai tallafawa kansa, ya kammala karatu daga Sashen Aeronautics na Faculty of Engineering a Jami'ar Tokyo Imperial a 1939. 

## Tachikawa Ki-94
Bayan kammala karatunsa, Hasegawa ya shiga kamfanin Tachikawa Aircraft Corporation kuma ya shiga cikin ci gaban Tachikawa Ki-94 a 1943 a matsayin babban mai tsarawa. An tsara wannan Jirgin sama mai tsayarwa mai tsawo don tsayar da bama-bamai na B-29 na Amurka, kuma an ba da shawarar ga Sojojin Imperial na Japan. Kodayake an kammala jirgin sama daya a watan Agustan 1945, Yaƙin Duniya na II ya ƙare kafin jirgin ya fara tashi.[1]

Kafin fara ci gaban Ki-94, H ya T jirgin sama bisa ga ka'idarsa, kuma ya buga takarda a cikin mujallar masana ta Japan Society for Aeronautical Sciences (yanzu The Japan Society for Aironautical and Space Sciences) a watan Maris, 1942. Ya ba shi suna "TH airfoil theory" bayan sunansa (Tatsuo Hasegawa). Hasegawa ya yi amfani da "TH airfoil" a kan Ki-94. [1]

Ka'idar Hasegawa ta yi kama da ka'idar Supercritical airfoil wanda NASA za ta bunkasa daga baya a cikin shekarun 1960. Saboda wannan dalili, lokacin da NASA ta gabatar da takardar shaidar takardar shaidarsa don jirgin sama a Japan a 1979, ba a shigar da takardar izinin su a hukumar ba.

## Toyota
Hasegawa ya rasa aikinsa bayan karshen yakin duniya na biyu saboda an hana Japan kera jirgin sama a karkashin umarnin Babban Hedikwatar (GHQ) na Janar Douglas MacArthur. Koyaya, a cikin 1946, Hasegawa ta yi aiki da Toyota wanda ke daukar injiniyoyi a wannan lokacin.

Bayan ya shiga Toyota, Hasegawa ya shiga cikin ci gaban Toyopet Crown a matsayin mataimakin shugaban (fuku-Shusa) na ci gaba a karkashin shugabansa (Shusa), Kenya Nakamura . 

A lokacin ci gaban Crown, an gabatar da salon *Shusa* (manajan kayan) na ƙungiya a karon farko. An yi imanin cewa an haɓaka wannan tsarin ne daga Babban tsarin mai tsarawa na ci gaban mayaƙa da aka yi amfani da shi a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II.

Hasegawa daga baya ya jagoranci ci gaban samfuran ƙarni na farko na Toyota Publica, Sports 800, Corolla, Celica da Carina, a matsayin shugaban (Shusa).  Ya kuma shiga cikin motar Toyopet SKB, wanda ya riga ya zama Toyota Dyna

An ci gaba da shi zuwa babban manajan ofishin tsara kayayyaki da kuma babban darektan, kuma ya yi ritaya daga masana'antar mota a shekarar 1982. 

## Manazarta
Sai dai ko

**Nie Ou** ( Chinese ; an haife ta a shekara ta 1948) wata mai fasaha ce ta kasar Sin wadda aka san ta da zane-zanen wanke-wanke na tawada waɗanda ke nuna yanayin karkara. Baya ga aikinta da fasahar gargajiya ta kasar Sin kamar *shuimuohua* (tawada & launi), Nie ta tabbatar da kanta a matsayin mai fasaha mai iya samar da ayyuka a fannoni daban-daban a tsawon aikinta, ciki har da zane da fenti mai.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Nie Ou a shekarar 1948 a Shenyang, lardin Liaoning .  A shekarar 1954, iyalinta sun ƙaura zuwa Beijing. 

Nie yayi karatu da Xu Beihong, Li Keran, , da Ye Qianyu a  Kwalejin Fasaha ta Tsakiya ta China .   Ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu a can a shekarar 1981, kuma ta shiga Kwalejin Zane-zane ta Beijing a matsayin ƙwararren mai zane a wannan shekarar.  Ta auri abokiyar aikinta Sun Weimin (an haife ta a 1946) a shekarar 1982. 

Nie galibi tana yin fenti da tawada, wani lokacin kuma da mai . [1] An san ta da ayyukanta da ke nuna rayuwar karkara. [1] Masu lura sun lura da juyin halitta a salon Nie tun daga 1985. [1] [2] Lucy Lim, mai kula da Cibiyar Al'adun Sin da ke San Francisco, ta rubuta cewa fasahar Nie ta zama "mafi yawan Sinanci, ba ta Yammacin Turai ba" a wancan lokacin, tana ɗaukar "ɓarɓarewar gaskiya" kamar yadda aka saba gani a zane-zanen gargajiya na kasar Sin . [2] Masanin tarihin fasaha Shao Yiyang ya bayyana salonta a matsayin "na zamani" kuma "wanda aka kwatanta da goge-goge masu 'yanci." Ta ƙara da cewa aikin Nie ya nuna "jin daɗin mata, cikakkun bayanai masu kyau, da kuma kwanciyar hankali." [1]

Ana gudanar da ayyukan Nie a cikin tarin jama'a na Gidan Tarihi na Burtaniya,  Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Hong Kong,  Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Asiya,  Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na CAFA,  Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na New South Wales,  da Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Kwalejin Williams . 

## Manazarta
Hu Xiaoyuan

**Hu Xiaoyuan** (  An haifi  a shekarar 1977, a Heilongjiang, China ) wata mai fasaha ce ta kasar Sin ta zamani. An nuna ayyukan Hu a duk duniya kuma aikinta ya hada da girka, bidiyo, sassaka da zane.  Hu a halin yanzu tana zaune a Beijing, China . 

Ayyukan Hu sau da yawa suna magana ne game da jigogi da batutuwa da suka shafi lokaci, sarari, sani, da wanzuwa kuma suna amfani da ƙwarewa ta musamman da ta mutum.  Cibiyoyi da dama sun tattara ayyukanta, ciki har da Gidan Tarihi na Hammer, Los Angeles; M+, Hong Kong, da Tashar Fasaha ta Fasaha, Shanghai.  Manyan nune-nunen da Hu ta nuna sun haɗa da *The Great Acceleration*, Taipei Biennial ( Taipei, 2014), nunin rukuni *The Ungovernables,* New Museum Triennial (New York, 2012), da Documenta 12 ( Kassel, 2007). 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Hu a Harbin, China, a shekarar 1977. Mahaifiyarta akawu ce a wani kamfani mallakar gwamnati.  Tana da shekaru 12, mahaifiyarta ta ɗauki malami don koyar da Hu zane da zane.  Hu ta yi karatun ƙirar sadarwa a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Tsakiya da ke China, ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 2002. 

## Sana'a
Bayan kammala karatunta, Hu ta ci gaba da yin zane-zane. [1] A watan Oktoban 2003, Hu ta fara baje kolin da N12, da'irar masu fasaha goma sha biyu masu ra'ayin kansu waɗanda duk sun kammala karatunsu kwanan nan a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Tsakiya . [2] An kafa N12 lokacin da mai fasaha Song Kun ta tattara ƙungiyar matasa masu fasaha don baje kolin tare. Nunin farko daga ƙungiyar ya mayar da hankali kan hanyar zane, wani abu da ya zama ruwan dare a cikin ayyukan fasaha - jigon, zane zuwa ga n th girma, ya haifar da sunan ƙungiyar, N12 da kuma nunin farko, N12 No.1 a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Tsakiya a 2003. [3]

## Manazarta
Jim Farley (ɗan kasuwa)

**James Duncan Farley Jr.** (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga Yuni, 1962) ɗan kasuwa ne na Amurka wanda shine Shugaba na yanzu na Kamfanin Motar Ford kuma memba ne na kwamitin Harley-Davidson .  Kakansa ne ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi a aikinsa na mota, wanda ya yi aiki a Henry Ford's River Rouge Plant a shekarar 1918. 

## Tarihi
An haifi Farley ga wani uba mai banki a Buenos Aires, Argentina,[1] inda ya yi shekarunsa na farko, kafin ya koma Greenwich, Connecticut. Kafin jami'a, Farley ya halarci Makarantar Portsmouth Abbey, makarantar Katolika, makarantar shirye-shiryen kwaleji a Portsmouth, Rhode Island. [ana buƙatar citation] Ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Georgetown sannan daga baya, Jami'ar California, Los Angeles.[2][1]

Shi dan uwan masu nishadantarwa Chris Farley ne, Kevin Farley, da John Farley. Har ila yau, dan uwan Carolina Hurricanes TV analyst ne kuma tsohon dan wasan NHL da AHL Tripp Tracy . 

## Ayyukan zartarwa
A ranar 4 ga watan Agusta, 2020, Ford ya ba da sanarwar cewa Farley zai gaji Jim Hackett a matsayin Shugaba na Ford a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2020. A lokaci guda, an sanar da cewa Hackett zai yi ritaya kuma ya zama mai ba da shawara na musamman.[undefined][1] A watan Yulin 2021, Shugaba Jochen Zeitz ya zabi Farley don shiga kwamitin daraktocin Harley-Davidson a kokarin sake farfado da mai yin babur da shirya shi don makomar lantarki.[2][3]

## Ra'ayoyi game da fasaha
A watan Yulin 2025, Farley ya yi hasashen cewa "bincike na wucin gadi zai maye gurbin rabin dukkan ma'aikatan farar fata a Amurka" 

## Manazarta
Alistair Davis (ɗan kasuwa)

**}{DaAlistair Grant Davis** ONZM shugaba ne na kasuwanci na New Zealand kuma mai ba da shawara kan dorewa. Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Jami'ar Massey tun watan Maris na shekara ta 2024.  Ya shafe sama da shekaru 40 tare da Toyota New Zealand, ciki har da shekaru 12 a matsayin babban jami'in zartarwa,  kuma an amince da shi a cikin girmamawar Sabuwar Shekara ta 2021, don hidimomi ga masana'antar mota, kasuwanci da dorewa. 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Davis ta girma a Wellington kuma ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Wellington . Daga nan ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Victoria ta Wellington, ya kammala karatu a 1979 tare da digiri na farko na Shari'a da digiri na biyu na Kasuwanci da Gudanarwa.

## Jagoranci mai dorewa
Da yake da alhakin kamfanoni, Davis ya kafa kungiyar Shugabannin Yanayi a cikin 2018 don karfafa aiki tare kan rage hayakin gas. Ya ci gaba da rubutawa da magana game da sufuri mai ɗorewa da ayyukan kasuwanci na sake farfadowa kuma yana aiki a kan bangarorin ba da shawara na ci gaba da ɗorewa na waje.

## Gudanar da Jami'ar Massey
Davis ya fara shiga cikin Jami'ar Massey ta hanyar kwamitin ba da shawara na Kwalejin Kasuwanci, wanda ya jagoranci har zuwa 2015.[1] Ya shiga majalisar jami'a a shekarar 2018, kuma an zabe shi a matsayin shugaban majalisa a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2023.[1] A ranar 8 ga Maris 2024, ya gaji Michael Ahie a matsayin shugaban majalisa, yana jagorantar Majalisar kuma yana jagoranta bukukuwan kammala karatun.[1][2]

## Daraja da kyaututtuka
A cikin girmamawar Sabuwar Shekara ta 2021, an nada Davis a matsayin Jami'in New Zealand Order of Merit, don hidimomi ga masana'antar mota, kasuwanci da dorewa.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Davis tana zaune a Palmerston North kuma tana aiki a cikin Ikklisiyar All Saints Anglican .  Ya yi aure tare da yara uku masu girma  kuma yana jin daɗin gudu da tafiya a lokacinsa.

## Manazarta
Fujio Cho

Fujio Cho  ɗan kasuwa ne na Japan wanda ya kasance tsohon shugaban girmamawa na Kamfanin Motar Toyota . Chō shine kawai na biyu "a waje" don jagorantar Toyota Motor Co. tun lokacin da mambobin iyalin Toyoda suka kafa suka bar baya a shekarar 1995.

Ya sami digiri na farko a fannin shari'a daga Jami'ar Tokyo a watan Maris na shekara ta 1960. [1][2] Chō ya shiga kamfanin Toyota Motor Corporation a watan Afrilun 1960. Takardun sarauta na baya na Chō sun haɗa da: manajan darektan, babban manajan darakta, mataimakin shugaban kasa, shugaban kasa da mataimakin shugaban kwamitin. Ya taba aiki a matsayin shugaban kasa a wani reshe. Chō ya kasance yana aiki a matsayin shugaban kwamitin kuma wakilin darektan kamfanin Toyota Motor Corporation daga Yuni 2006 zuwa Yuni 2013

Chō ya kasance mai karfi mai ba da shawara game da fasahar mota mai kyau, kamar su hybrid-electric Prius .

## Daraja

* Medal of Honor tare da Blue Ribbon (Nuwamba 2001) 
* Jami'in Legion of Honor na Faransa (Mayu 2004) 
* Kwamandan Knight na girmamawa na Order of the British Empire (KBE) (Oktoba 2006) 
* Babban Kyautar Daraja a Azurfa tare da Star of Austria (Janairu 2009) 
* Grand Cordon na Order of the Rising Sun, 2009. 
* Mujallar Time, Mutane 100 mafi tasiri na shekara ta 2004.

## Manazarta
Joska Bourgeois

**=**

**Joska Bourgeois** (c.1913 - 9 Oktoba 1994) 'yar kasuwa ce ta Belgium wacce ta kasance wakilin Belgium na Jaguar kuma daga baya Toyota motoci. Bourgeois ta zama sananniya bayan mutuwarta saboda dangantakarta da ɗan kasuwa da ɗan siyasa na Burtaniya Geoffrey Robinson, wanda ya sami Asusun amincewa na £ 12.75 miliyan wanda Bourgeois ya kafa.

## Shekaru na farko
Mahaifin Bourgeois jami'in diflomasiyya ne wanda ya zama mai arziki ta hanyar shigo da kayan ado, kafet da kayan gida daga Iran. Bourgeois yana da 'yar'uwa, kuma mahaifinsu ya ba su kyauta na zinariya har sai sun mallaki ainihin nauyin su na zinariya a ranar haihuwar Bourgeois ta 26.

Akwai asusun daban-daban game da ayyukan Bourgeois a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu . An ruwaito cewa Bourgeois ta ɓoye sojojin Burtaniya a matsayin memba na juriya ta Belgium, ko kuma ta ba da bayani game da Nazis ga masu gwagwarmayar 'yanci na Belgium yayin da take aiki a matsayin mai ba da abinci a cikin gidan cin abinci da jami'an Jamus ke yawan zuwa. An kuma bayyana cewa Bourgeois ya tuka motar asibiti a lokacin yakin, kuma an yi masa ado saboda jaruntakarta a ƙarshen yakin. [1][1]

Bourgeois ya kasance a wani lokaci ya auri George Buydendyk, tsohon shugaban zartarwa na Turai na masana'antun taya Goodyear . 

## Jaguar da Toyota
A shekara ta 1947, Bourgeois ya sadu da wani sojan Kanada, kuma ya shawo kansa ya kai ta Ingila, inda ta tafi gidan wanda ya kafa Jaguar Cars William Lyons. Bourgeois daga baya ya tattauna yarjejeniyar shekaru biyar don sayar da Jaguars a Belgium, a karkashin jagorancin sabuwar kamfanin kera motocin Anglo-Belgian, kuma zai sayar da tsakanin Jaguars 400-500 a kowace shekara na shekaru ashirin masu zuwa. A cikin 1973, British Leyland, masu mallakar Jaguar, sun shirya kawo karshen duk kwangila tare da masu rarraba Jaguars na kasashen waje ba tare da diyya ba, kuma Bourgeois ya tafi Coventry don saduwa da masu zartarwa daga kamfanin. Bourgeois ya sadu da Geoffrey Robinson, wani zartarwa a Leyland, kuma daga baya zai taimaka mata wajen tattauna yarjejeniyar rarrabawa tare da Toyota, wanda ya maye gurbin Jaguar a matsayin kudin shiga na farko na Bourgeois.

A shekara ta 1979 Kamfanin Motar Kasa da Kasa na Bourgeois ya mallaki franchises don sayar da motocin Toyota da Daihatsu da tayoyin Bridgestone a Belgium, kuma Robinson ya shawarce ta yayin tattaunawar kan sayar da kamfanin na £ 14.6 miliyan ga Inchcape a wannan shekarar. 

## Shekaru na baya
Bourgeois ta zama gudun hijira bayan sayar da kamfaninta, kuma ba ta sake komawa ƙasar Belgium ba, ta koma Geneva a cikin harajin Switzerland. Bourgeois ta yi lokacin rani a Cannes, a kan Cote d'Azur a kudancin Faransa, inda ta mallaki ɗakin 400sq m a kan Avenue Hesperides .   A cikin 1993 Bourgeois ya sayi Marshcourt, gidan ƙasa na Grade I da aka jera Arts and Crafts style kusa da Stockbridge, Hampshire, wanda Edwin Lutyens ya tsara. Bourgeois ya sayi Marshcourt don £ 630,000, amma ya ba Robinson damar bayyana a matsayin mai gidan.

Bourgeois ya ba da garantin don taimakawa Robinson samun rancen £ 100,000 daga Credit Suisse wanda ya buƙaci fara kamfanin lantarki TransTec a 1981.
Hisashi Yamamoto

Hisashi Yamamoto (山本 尚, Yamamoto Hisashi) (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Yuli, 1943) sanannen masanin kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta ne kuma a halin yanzu memba ne na bangaren ilimi a Jami'ar Chicago kuma farfesa a Jami'an Chubu .

An haife shi a Kobe, Japan, Yamamoto ya sami BS a Jami'ar Kyoto a 1967 da Ph.D. a Jami'an Harvard a 1971. 

Ya kasance farfesa a Jami'ar Nagoya daga 1983 har zuwa 2002 kuma tun daga lokacin ya kasance farfesa ne a cikin Sashen Chemistry a Jami'an Chicago . [1] Ayyukan bincikensa galibi suna cikin ilmin sunadarai na acid catalysts waɗanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haifar da ko motsa halayen sunadarai, musamman Lewis da Brønsted acid catalyists da aka yi amfani da su a cikin zaɓaɓɓen kira na kwayoyin halitta.[2] Yamamoto ya rubuta ko kuma ya hada hannu da littattafai da yawa a kan batutuwa a cikin ilmin sunadarai na zamani. Ya zuwa 2021, h-index dinsa ya yi daidai da 120 tare da fiye da 64,000 citations.[3]

## Manazarta
Kizo Yasui

Kizo Yasui (安居 喜造, Yasui Kizō; 2 ga Disamba, 1899 - 30 ga Satumba, 1983) ya kasance babban jami'in kamfanoni na Japan. Ya rike mukamin shugaban kwamitin daraktocin masana'antun Toray, mataimakin shugaban Bankin Mitsui, shugaban masana'antun Mitsui Petrochemicals, mataimakan shugaban Nihon Keidanren (Japan Business Federation), shugaban kungiyar Japan Chemical Fibers Association da sauransu. Ya kuma kasance janar manajan Tokyo Metropolis na Ise Shrine Revered Board . Ya sadaukar da kansa don sake gina tashar jiragen kasa ta Japan a matsayin shugaban kwamitin binciken ta na 4. Ya sami Grand Cordon na Order of the Sacred Treasure a shekarar 1979.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Yasui a Hikone, Shiga. Ya ci gaba da riƙe da sunan mahaifinsa, Kizo. Kizo Yasui na ƙarshe, mahaifin wannan Kizo Yasui, ana yi masa lakabi da Kōshō Chōchō［Magajin Garin Kwalejin Kasuwanci］saboda an zaɓe shi Magajin Garin Hikone ba tare da son ransa ba yayin da yake Tokyo don yin shawarwari kan kafa Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Hikone (yanzu, Faculty of Economics of Shiga University) kuma ya yi murabus daga muƙamin Magajin Garin Hikone lokacin da ya ga sabon ginin Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Hikone.[1][2] Babbar 'yar'uwarsa, Kinu, ta auri wani babban iyali a Akasaka-juku (Nakasendō), Yabashis da Sarki Shōwa ya ziyarta a hukumance a 1946.[3][4][5][6] Otohiko Hara (jp), wanda a da Otohiko Yabashi ne, ɗan'uwansa ne. Shinya Yabashi[7] da Hideroku Hara (jp) jikokinsa ne. Yasui ya kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Shiga ta Farko (yanzu, Makarantar Sakandare ta Shiga ta Hikone Higashi) da kuma Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Tokyo (yanzu, Jami'ar Hitotsubashi) a shekarar 1926 a ƙarƙashin tsohon tsarin ilimi. Yayin da yake Kwalejin, ya shiga taron karawa juna sani na Farfesa Kin-no-suke Otsuka.[8][9]

Ya shiga Bankin Mitsui bayan kammala karatunsa. Ya zama manajan darektan, babban manajan darakta da mataimakin shugaban Bankin Mitsui a shekarar 1959, shugaban kamfanin Mitsui Petrochemicals Industries (yanzu, Mitsui Chemicals) a shekarar 1961,  mataimakin Shugaban kamfanin Tōyō Rayon (yanzu Toray Industries) a shekarar 1963, shugaban kwamitin daraktocin kamfanin Toray Industries a shekarar 1971 kuma babban mai ba da shawara ga kwamitin darektan kamfanin Toray industries a shekarar 1977.

A wannan lokacin, ya rike mukamin mataimakin shugaban Nihon Keidanren (Japan Business Federation),

shugaban kungiyar Chemical Fibers ta Japan, janar manajan Tokyo Metropolis of Ise Shrine Revered Board, memba na kwamitin Japan Association of Corporate Executives, memba na Kwamitin Binciken Haraji na Ofishin Firayim Minista (Japan) , memba na Majalisar Harshen Kasa ta Ma'aikatar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al'adu da sauransu.

Ya sami Grand Cordon na Order of the Sacred Treasure a shekara ta 1979. 

He died in 1983 at the age of 83 of pneumonia.
The chairman of the funeral ceremony of Kizo Yasui was Fumio Takagi（jp）, former Vice Minister of Ministry of Finance and former president of Japanese National Railways.

## Manazarta
Zuntata

Zuntata[a] ƙungiyar mawaka ce ta gida ta masu haɓaka wasannin bidiyo na Japan kuma mawallafi Taito. Ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi daraktan sauti Katsuhisa Ishikawa, masu buga bass Yu Shimoda da Shohei Tsuchiya, da kuma mai buga ganga Masaki Mori.[1] Zuntata ita ce babbar sashin sauti na Taito, kuma ta zama sunan gama gari ga sauran ƙungiyoyin samar da sauti na kamfanin.[2] Ƙungiyar ta ba da gudummawa ga yawancin kamfanonin kamfani, ciki har da Darius, Groove Coaster, Arkanoid, da Space Invaders.

Asalin Zuntata za a iya gano shi zuwa 1983, shekarar da Taito ta kafa ƙungiyar sauti. An yi amfani da sunan Zuntata a cikin 1988, an fara amfani da shi don sauti na The Ninja Warriors . Pony Canyon ne ya buga kiɗan Zuntata da farko, kafin a motsa waɗannan ayyukan a cikin gida. Zuntata ya yi aiki a kan wasannin wasan kwaikwayo na Taito da yawa, wato harbe su'em ups da wasannin rhythm. Ƙungiyar ta kuma taimaka wajen samar da X2000, Na'urar karaoke da aka haɓaka ta Taito. Bayan Square Enix ta sayi Taito a cikin 2005, yawancin membobin ƙungiyar sun tafi saboda bambance-bambance masu ban sha'awa tsakanin su da masu gudanarwa, yayin da Taito ke rage ayyukanta zuwa zama mai buga wasan da kuma mai mallakar wasan bidiyo.

Zuntata ya ci gaba da samar da kiɗa don wasannin bidiyo na Taito, yana aiki da farko a kan jerin Groove Coaster. Waƙoƙin ƙungiyar, haɗuwa da abstract da synth-pop, sun sami kulawa daga wallafe-wallafen wasan bidiyo saboda yanayin da ba a sani ba. Dukkanin ƙungiyar da membobinta sun sami kyaututtuka, kuma an buga kiɗanta sau da yawa ta hanyar kundin da kantin sayar da kiɗa na dijital kamar iTunes da Spotify.

## Manazarta
Liu Xiaodong

**Liu Xiaodong** ( simplified Chinese      ; an haife shi a shekarar 1963 a Liaoning, China ) ya kasance ƙwararren mai fasaha ne na ƙasar Sin.

## Ilimi
An haifi Liu a shekarar 1963 a ƙaramin ƙauyen masana'antu na Jincheng, cibiyar samar da baƙaƙe da takarda a wajen birnin Jinzhou a lardin Liaoning . Yana da shekaru 17 ya ƙaura zuwa Beijing don yin karatun fasaha a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Tsakiya (中央美术学院). Ya sami digiri na farko a fannin zane mai a shekarar 1988, da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin zane mai a shekarar 1995, duka daga CAFA. A tsakanin 1998 zuwa 1999 ya ci gaba da karatunsa a ƙasashen waje a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Fasaha ta Jami'ar Complutense ta Madrid da ke Spain . Yanzu yana riƙe da matsayin farfesa a sashen zane a CAFA.  

## Zane-zane
Liu ya ƙirƙiri manyan zane-zane waɗanda ke nuna rayuwar zamani da kuma magance matsalolin duniya kamar ƙaura, rikice-rikicen muhalli, da sauye-sauyen tattalin arziki. Aikinsa ya mayar da hankali kan wakilcin wuraren da ake samun "sabani da rikici." A shekarar 2016, ya ƙirƙiro injin fenti mai sarrafa kansa wanda ke canza hotunan birni zuwa zane-zane na ainihin lokaci a cikin salon sa na musamman. A cikin waɗannan ayyukan, ya ɗauki salon monochromy "don isar da ayyukan tunani mafi rikitarwa ta hanya mafi sauƙi."

## Fim ɗin fim
*Kwanakin :* Na fara shiga cikin ƙungiyar fina-finai ta China mai zaman kanta, inda na fara a matsayin babban jarumi a cikin shirin *The Days*, wanda BBC ta sanya masa suna ɗaya daga cikin manyan fina-finai 100 na duniya mafi muhimmanci a ƙarnin da ya gabata.

1993

*Beijing Bastards :* Daraktan fasaha na fim ɗin.

2006

*Dong* ("Gabas", 《东》): An fito a cikin wani shirin fim na zane-zane na kwarin uku da Thailand wanda darakta Jia Zhangke ya yi. Wannan fim ya shiga bikin fina-finai na Venice na 2006 a matsayin ɗan takarar lambar yabo ta Golden Lion.

2011

Yaron Garin: Wannan shirin fim ɗin ya biyo bayan Liu Xiaodong yayin da yake komawa garinsu shekaru talatin bayan haka, kuma ya zana hotunan iyalinsa, abokansa da garinsu. 

## Nune-nunen jama'a
2021

* "Liu Xiaodong: Abokanku," UCCA Edge, Shanghai, China
* "Liu Xiaodong: Iyakoki," Dallas Contemporary, Dallas, Amurka

## Manazarta
Hisayoshi Ogura

**Hisayoshi Ogura (**小倉 久佳, Ogura Hisayoshi) tsohon memba ne na "gidan gida" na Kamfanin Taito Zuntata . An fi saninsa da waƙoƙinsa a cikin jerin Darius arcade . Halinsa na kiɗa sau da yawa gwaji ne na lantarki. Koyaya, a cikin Zoids Infinity Ex ya mai da hankali kan karin sauti. Abubuwan da Darius ya tsara sun fito ne daga waƙoƙi masu kyau, waƙoƙin da suka dace da su zuwa waɗanda ke da iko. Waƙarsa don jerin Darius na iya bambanta a cikin salon. Misali, kiɗa na Darius Gaiden yana da duhu da baƙin ciki, yayin da kiɗa na G-Darius ya fi damuwa da farin ciki. Ya kuma kirkiro sauti ga Ninja Warriors kuma ya bayyana halin Marco a cikin Kaiser Knuckle (wanda aka sani a waje da Japan a matsayin Champion na Duniya).

Bayan ya bar Zuntata a lokacin *Darius Burst*, wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga sabon kiɗa, an sake shi, an jera haɗin kamfanin Ogura a cikin ƙididdigar wasan na Turanci a matsayin "OguraHisayoshiOngaSeisakushow" (an rubuta shi a cikin kanji a matsayin "小倉佳音画制作所";  "Ogura Hisayoshi Soundscape Production Facility"), ya bambanta da sauran mawaƙa da aka jera a matsayin "ZUNTATA". Komawarsa a matsayin wakilin kyauta ya faru ne bayan ya bar Zuntaata.

## Manazarta
Michael Kogan

**Michael "Misha" Kogan** (1 ga Janairu, 1920 - 5 ga Fabrairu, 1984) ya kasance ɗan kasuwa ne na Ukraine wanda ya kafa kamfanin wasan bidiyo na Japan Taito .

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Kogan a Odessa a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1920 ga Riva da Kalman Kogan .  Iyalinsa sun koma Harbin, Manchuria don tserewa daga Juyin Juya Halin Rasha, inda daga baya ya sadu da Colonel Norihiro Yasue, memba na jami'an leken asiri na Sojojin Japan kuma ɗaya daga cikin masu tsara Shirin Fugu, shirin daidaita 'yan gudun hijirar Yahudawa na Turai a Manchuria da aka mamaye. Ya koma Tokyo a 1939, inda ya shafe mafi yawan lokacin yakin yana karatu a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta Waseda . Ya koma Tianjin a 1944 kafin ya koma Japan a 1950, ya zauna a Setagaya, Tokyo .

Michael Kogan ya kafa kasuwancinsa na farko a 1944 a Shanghai, wanda ake kira Taitung, kasuwancinsa sun haɗa da gashin gashi na halitta, murfin ƙasa, da gashin alade. Kogan ya rufe Taitung a cikin 1950 bayan da Kwaminisanci ya mamaye kasar Sin kuma ya fara kasuwancinsa na biyu a Japan jim kadan bayan haka, wani kamfani kan rarraba tufafi, mai suna Taito Yoko .  Rashin samfuran yau da kullun da ma'aikata marasa kulawa ya sa Taito Yoko ya yi gwagwarmaya da kudi, kuma daga ƙarshe an soke shi.

Kogan ya kafa Kamfanin Ciniki na Taito a ranar 24 ga watan Agusta, 1953, kuma daga bisani ya zama Kamfanin Taito. Kamfanin ya fara shigo da rarraba injunan sayar da kayayyaki sannan kuma jukeboxes kafin su samo asali don kera nasu.

Kogan ya mutu yayin tafiya ta kasuwanci a Los Angeles a watan Fabrairun 1984. Bayan mutuwarsa, ɗansa, Ibrahim "Abba" Kogan, ya zama shugaban Taito kuma Akio Nakanishi ya zama shugabanta.

## Iyali da gado
Kogan ya auri Asya Kachanovsky (an haife ta a ranar 6 ga Yuli, 1924 - 21 ga Disamba, 2013 [1]) kuma suna da 'ya'ya biyu tare da ita, ɗa mai suna Ibrahim ("Abba") (an haifu ta a watan Janairun 1947 [2]) da kuma 'yar mai suna Rita (an haifi ta a watan Yunin 1949 ). Su biyu sun kasance suna da aure har zuwa mutuwar Michael. Asya ta zauna a Tokyo, Abba tana zaune a Monaco, kuma Rita ta zauna a Kudancin California kuma ta auri Richard Edlund, wanda ya kafa Boss Film Studios kuma mai kula da tasirin gani wanda ya lashe kyautar Kwalejin har zuwa mutuwarta a shekarar 2019.

Abba tana da 7.16% riƙe hannun jari na Taito har zuwa ƙarshen Satumba 30, 1999,  yayin da Rita ke da 8.50% riƙe kuma Asya tana da 2.13% riƙe har zuwa ƙarshen Maris 31, 2005.  Bayan da Asya ta mutu a ranar 21 ga Disamba, 2013,  an gano cewa ba a biya kimanin yen biliyan 10 a harajin gado don dukiyar kasashen waje ba. 

## Manazarta
Miao Xiaochun

**Miao Xiaochun** ( Chinese   , an haife shi a shekarar 1964, a Wuxi, Jiangsu, China ) ƙwararren mai zane ne kuma mai ɗaukar hoto da ke zaune a Beijing .

## Rayuwa
An haifi Miao Xiaochun a Wuxi, lardin Jiangsu. A shekarar 1986 ya sami digirinsa na farko kuma ya kammala karatunsa a Jami'ar Nanjing. A shekarar 1989 Miao ya kammala karatunsa daga Kwalejin Fasaha ta Tsakiya da ke Beijing, China da kuma Kwalejin Fasaha ta Kassel da ke Jamus a shekarar 1999 don digiri na biyu. Har zuwa yanzu yana koyar da daukar hoto da kafofin watsa labarai na dijital a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Tsakiya.

Ya fi shahara da manyan hotunansa, waɗanda galibi ake haɗa su da hotuna masu ban mamaki, na biranen zamani na China. Babban abin da ya fi burge shi shi ne kasancewar "He", wani mutum da ke sanye da kayan gargajiya na tsohuwar masana Sinawa. Sauran ayyukan sun haɗa da shigar da zane-zanen kwamfuta kamar *The Last Judgement in Cyberspace*, wani zane mai kama da na 3D na Michelangelo 's The Last Judgment from the Sistine Chapel wanda ya maye gurbin kowane mutum da samfurin Miao da kansa.

Ana ɗaukar Miao Xiaochun a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mawakan da suka fi wakilci da tasiri a fagen sabbin fasahar kafofin watsa labarai ta China. Ya fara bincikensa na ƙirƙira a shekarun 1990 kan hulɗar da ke tsakanin ainihin da ta kama-da-wane. Faɗaɗɗen aikinsa ya haɗa da ɗaukar hoto, zane da zane-zanen kwamfuta na 3D waɗanda suke daidai da juna. Yana aiki a fannin ɗaukar hoto na zamani bisa ga hangen nesa na "ma'auni da yawa" don fara alaƙa tsakanin tarihi da duniyar zamani.

Miao Xiaochun ya yi nasarar amfani da fasahar 3D don ƙirƙirar wani yanayi na 3D na kama-da-wane a kan hoto na 2D, don canza zane mai motsi zuwa hotuna masu motsi, yana canza hanyar kallon zane-zane ta gargajiya tare da ba da sabuwar fassara da mahimmanci ga babban aikin fasaha, musamman tare da amfani da tunaninsa na musamman game da tarihi da makomar. Ayyukansa sun ƙara wani muhimmin misali ga tattaunawar zamani da tarihin fasaha, kuma suna buɗe sabon damar fasaha yayin da yake gwada sabbin damammaki, yana ɗaukar mataki gaba zuwa sabbin fannoni masu yuwuwa.

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* http://www.miaoxiaochun.com, Miao Xiaochun Studio.
* Miao Xiaochun, Saatchi Gallery]
* Miao Xiaochun a 88MoCCA - Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani na Sin a yanar gizo
* Miao Xiaochun, F2 Gallery
* Miao Xiaochun , Walsh Gallery
* Miao Xiaochun, Alexander Ochs Galleries
* "Miao Xiaochun da Eli Klein Fine Art"