open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Taos Amrouche

**Marie-Louise-Taos Amrouche** (Maris 1913 - 2 Afrilu 1976) marubuciya ce kuma mawaƙiya a ƙasar Aljeriya.  A shekara ta 1947, ta zama mace ta farko ta Aljeriya da ta buga littafi.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife ta ne a Tunis, Tunisiya, a cikin dangin Kabyle Roman Katolika masu tuba, 'yar kaɗai ce a cikin iyalin' ya'ya maza shida. Iyalinta sun koma Tunisia don guje wa tsanantawa bayan juyowa a Aljeriya. 

Mahaifiyarta Fadhma Aït Mansour, wacce sananniyar mawaƙiya ce ta Kabyle,  tana da babban tasiri a rayuwarta, kuma salon wallafe-wallafen ta zai nuna al'adun baki na mutanen Kabylie Berber na al'adun mahaifiyarta.  Amrouche ta sami karatun firamare da sakandare a Tunis,  kuma a 1935 ta tafi Faransa don karatu a École Normale a Sèvres.  Daga 1936, tare da hadin gwiwar ɗan'uwanta Jean Amrouche da mahaifiyarta, Amrouche ta tattara kuma ta fara fassara waƙoƙin Kabyle. A shekara ta 1939, a Congrès de Chant de Fès, ta sami tallafin karatu don karatu a Casa Velasquez a Spain, inda ta bincika alaƙar da ke tsakanin Berber da sanannun waƙoƙin Mutanen Espanya.

Littafin tarihin rayuwarta na farko, Jacinthe noir, an buga shi a 1947 kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin farkon da aka buga a Faransanci ta wata marubuciya ta Arewacin Afirka. Tare da tarin tatsuniyoyi da waƙoƙin La Grain magique a shekarar 1966, ta ɗauki sunan **Marguerite-Taos**, Marguerite shine Sunan Kirista na mahaifiyarta.

Yayinda take rubutu a Faransanci, ta raira waƙa a Kabyle . Kundin sa na farko Chants berbères de Kabylie (1967), wanda ya kasance babban nasara, tarin waƙoƙin Kabyle ne na gargajiya wanda ɗan'uwanta Jean ya fassara zuwa Faransanci. Ta yi rikodin wasu kundin da yawa, ciki har da Chants sauvés de l'oubli ("Waƙoƙin da aka adana daga Oblivion"), Hommage au chant profond ("Homage to a Profound Song"), [1] Incantations, méditations et danses sacrées berbères (1974), da Chants berbères de la meule et du berceau (1975). [2]

Ta kasance mai fafutuka a cikin batutuwan Berber kuma tana daga cikin wadanda suka kafa Académie berbère a shekarar 1966. 

Ta mutu a Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire a Faransa . 

## Bayanan littattafai

* Jacinthe noire (1947) - sakewa Joëlle Losfeld (1996),  
* La Grain magique (1966) - an sake buga La Découverte (2000),  
* Rue des tambourins (1969) - sake bugawa Joëlle Losfeld (1996),  
* Mai son tunani (1975) 

## Zaɓin faifai

* *Waƙoƙin Berber na Kabylie* (1967) 
* *Waƙoƙin Atlas (Al'adun Shekaru Dubu na Berber na Algeria) * (1970) 
* Magana, bimbini da rawa mai tsarki na Berber (1974) 
* Waƙoƙin Berber na dutse da kuma wurin haihuwa (1975) 
* A gidan wasan kwaikwayo na De La Ville (1977) 

## Ƙarin karantawa

* Denise Brahimi, *Taos Amrouche, marubuciya*, Joëlle Losfeld (1995),  

## Manazarta
Assia (mawakin)

**Assia** (an haife ta a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1973) mawaƙiya ce 'yar ƙasar Aljeriya mai asalin Kabyle . Ta sami babban nasara tare da waƙoƙinta "Elle est à toi" da "Là-bas".

## Tarihin rayuwa
A lokacin da take ƙarama, ta yi shekaru goma sha biyu a makarantar conservatory ta gargajiya a Cretil (kusa da Paris), sannan bayan 'yan shekaru ta sami digiri na shari'a.

Daga 1998 zuwa 1999, Assia ta shiga cikin "Une Affaire de famille" tare da Stomy Bugsy, Passi da Doc Gynéco na Sashen A da sauti na fina-finai *Takis* da Kiss of the Dragon tare da waƙar "Ghir Dini".

A shekara ta 2000, ta fitar da kundi na farko mai suna Chercheuse d'or (wanda aka yi rikodin a Paris, Toulouse da Los Angeles). Assia ya rubuta matani kuma ɗan'uwansa Khalil ya sanya hannu kan kiɗa. An rubuta waƙarta ta farko "Elle est à toi" (sama da 700,000) tare da haɗin gwiwar Calbo na Arsenik . Na biyu shi ne "Là-bas" (bidiyo na kiɗa wanda JG Biggs ya jagoranta).

A shekara ta 2002, Assia ta taka leda a cikin *Cindy* tare da Lââm a matsayin jagora.

A shekara ta 2003, ta saki guda tare da Beenie Man, "Street Life".

A shekara ta 2005, Assia ta fitar da kundi na biyu, Encore et Encore, wanda aka rubuta a Spain, wanda aka buga waƙarsa ta biyu "Politiquement Correct" tare da Diam.

## Bayanan da aka yi

### Albums

### Ma'aurata

1 Duet tare da Doc Gyneco 2 Duet tare na 3" href="./Julien_Clerc" id="mwsA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Julien Clerc">Julien Clerc 3 Duet tare tare da 4" href="./Rohff" id="mwsw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Rohff">Rohff 4 Duet tare le Beenie ManMutumin Beenie

## Manazarta
Angélique Delahaye

**Angélique Delahaye** (an haife ta a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu 1963) ƙwararriyar ƙungiyar 'yan kasuwa ce ta noma kuma 'yar siyasa . Ta kasance shugabar ƙungiyar Fédération nationale des producteurs de légumes (Turanci: National Federation of Vegetable Producers) daga 2001 zuwa 2012, kuma memba ce a kwamitin gudanarwa na Fédération nationale des syndicats d'exploitants agricoles (Turanci: National Federation of Agricultural Holders' Unions). Ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Tarayyar Turai daga 2014 zuwa 2019, kuma ta kasance magajin garin Saint-Martin-le-Beau daga 2014 zuwa 2020.

## Rayuwar farko da aikin noma
An haifi Delahaye a Lyon kuma ta girma a Soisy-sur-Seine . Ta fara aikinta na noma a shekarar 1989, tana gudanar da gonar kayan lambu ta iyali tare da mijinta Thierry a Saint-Martin-le-Beau, Touraine . A shekarar 1991, ta shiga kwamitin gudanarwa na Fédération nationale des producteurs de légumes (FNPL) (Turanci: National Federation of Vegetable Producers), wani reshe na Fédération nationale des syndicats d'exploitants agricoles (FNSEA) (Turanci: National Federation of Agricultural Holders' Unions). Ta zama shugabar FNPL, don haka ta zama memba a kwamitin gudanarwa na FNSEA, a shekara ta 2001, tana riƙe da wannan matsayi har zuwa 2012.  Tun daga shekarar 2013 ta kuma kasance shugabar Solaal (Association Solidarité des producteurs agricoles et agroalimentaires) (Turanci: Solidarity association of agriculture and agro-feed producers), kuma ta sami matsayin Knight and Officer of the Legion of Honor saboda aikinta, wanda aka ƙara mata matsayi kwanan nan zuwa Officer a watan Yulin 2021.  

## Aikin siyasa
Delahaye ta shiga siyasa a shekarar 2010, tare da goyon bayan Hervé Novelli, wacce ta yi aiki tare da ita a baya lokacin da yake Sakataren Harkokin Ciniki. An zaɓe ta a matsayin kansila ta yanki a Centre-Val de Loire a zaɓen yankuna na Faransa na 2010, daga baya ta yi murabus daga mukaminta a FNSEA. A watan Maris na 2014, an zaɓe ta a matsayin magajin garin Saint-Martin-le-Beau a matsayin shugaban rinjayen UMP . [1] [2]

A watan Mayun 2014, an zaɓi Delahaye a Majalisar Tarayyar Turai, tare da goyon bayan Bruno Le Maire da Jean-François Copé waɗanda suka yi kamfen don Brice Hortefeux ya zama mataimakinsa. 

A watan Janairun 2020, Delahaye ta sanar da cewa za ta tsaya takara a karo na biyu a matsayin magajin garin Saint-Martin-le-Beau. Alain Schnel ya kayar da ita a zagayen farko na zaben a watan Maris, inda ta samu kashi 39.03% na kuri'un da aka kada.  

## Manazarta
Ruth Chapman (mai haɗin gwiwar kwadago)

**Ruth Chapman** (an haife ta 1950 or 1951 ) ma'aikaciyar ƙungiyar kwadago ce ta New Zealand kuma ma'aikaciyar jam'iyyar Labour .  Ta kasance shugabar ƙungiyar malaman firamare ta bayan firamare a ƙarshen shekarun 1980 kuma ta jagoranci tattaunawa da Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan Jiha kan albashin malamai da sharuɗɗansu.  

Chapman shine shugaban jam'iyyar Labour ta Kudu, wacce ke wakiltar kujeru biyar na babban zaɓen yankin kudu da kuma Te Tai Tonga . [1]

## Manazarta
Josephine Casey

**Josephine Casey** (1 Janairu 1878(?) – 27 Janairu 1950) ta kasance mai tsara ayyukan kwadago kuma shugaba, kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata. 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Casey, ƙarama a cikin 'ya'ya huɗu, a Memphis, Tennessee a [1878?] kuma ta girma a Chicago . Iyayenta 'yan Katolika, Cornelius da Bridget Stephens Casey, baƙi ne 'yan Ireland. 

## Sana'a

A lokacin da take aiki a matsayin wakiliyar tikitin motocin titin Chicago a shekarar 1904, ta shawo kan matan da ta yi aiki da su su kafa ƙungiyar kwadago. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai shirya gasar ƙungiyar mata ta Boston daga 1906 zuwa 1909. Daga nan ta shirya ƙungiyar ma'aikatan tufafi ta mata ta duniya kuma ta kasance shugabar yajin aiki ga ma'aikatan tufafi a Kalamazoo, Cleveland, da St. Louis tsakanin 1911 da 1914.  A watan Maris na 1912, ƙoƙarin Casey a Michigan ya mayar da hankali kan damuwar ma'aikata mata a Kamfanin Kalamazoo Corset, gami da ƙarancin albashi, tsawon sa'o'i a cikin yanayi mara tsafta da cin zarafin mata daga shugaban ma'aikata maza. Masu shirya gasar, ciki har da Pauline Newman da Gertrude Barnum,  da ma'aikatan da ke yajin aiki sun sami kulawar ƙasa don yin zanga-zanga a shiru da tarurrukan addu'a don mayar da martani ga umarnin kotu na dakatar da layukan zanga-zanga marasa tsari. An cimma yarjejeniya wacce ta gaza samun riba mai yawa, amma ta nuna ci gaba ga haƙƙin ma'aikata mata, a ranar 12 ga Yuni. 

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Casey ta yi adawa da dokokin aiki na mata kawai a Kudu. Ta kasance mai fafutukar neman 'yancin zaɓe kuma ta yi aiki a Ƙungiyar Siyasar Mata a New York. A shekarun 1920, ta kasance mai fafutukar tabbatar da daidaiton haƙƙin mallaka . Bayan wasu matsaloli da suka faru, tana samun dala 5 a kowane mako tana aiki a matsayin mai kula da gida. A shekarar 1931, Jam'iyyar Mata ta Ƙasa (NWP) ta tuntube ta ta aika ta zuwa Atlanta don ta yi adawa da ƙoƙarin da Majalisar Kudu da Cibiyar Yadi ta Auduga ke yi na kafa dokoki bisa ga jinsi. An rubuta rahotanninta a cikin wani shafi na yau da kullun da aka nuna a cikin jaridar mako-mako ta NWP. Daidaito Haƙƙoƙi. [1]

## Manazarta
Stacy Davis Gates

**Stacy Davis Gates** (an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Disamba, 1976) shugabar ma'aikata ce kuma malamar makaranta a Amurka. Ita ce shugabar ƙungiyar malamai ta Chicago (CTU). A watan Mayu na 2022, an zaɓe ta a matsayin shugabar ƙungiyar bayan ta taɓa yin aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa a ƙarƙashin Jesse Sharkey . 

## Rayuwa ta farko
Davis Gates ya girma a South Bend, Indiana a cikin gidan talakawa.  Aikinta na farko shine aikin ƙungiyar kwadago yana aiki a gidan cin abinci a Asibitin Tunawa da South Bend .  Ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Kwalejin St. Mary a 1999.  Daga baya ta yi karatun gudanarwa mai zaman kansa a Jami'ar Notre Dame da kuma gudanar da ilimi a Jami'ar Concordia da ke Chicago . 

## Sana'a

### Aikin koyarwa
Davis Gates ta fara aikinta na koyar da tarihin aikinta a shekarar 2004 a Makarantar Sakandare ta Englewood Technical Prep Academy, wata makarantar gwamnati da ke gefen kudu na Chicago, Illinois . [1] A shekarar 2008, an rufe makarantar a wani bangare na jerin rufewar da shugaban makarantar Chicago Public Schools (CPS), Arne Duncan, ya jagoranta, Davis Gates ya danganta wannan a matsayin lokacin da aka "sake ta da tsattsauran ra'ayi." [2] [1]

Bayan rufe Kwalejin Fasaha ta Englewood, Davis Gates ya koma Kwalejin Al'umma ta Roberto Clemente da ke unguwar Kauyen Ukrainian da ke Chicago.  A watan Mayu na 2008, Davis Gates yana ɗaya daga cikin wakilai 12 da aka zaɓa na Ƙungiyar Malaman Chicago waɗanda suka kafa Ƙungiyar Malaman Matsayi da Fayil (CORE) . 

### Ƙungiyar Malaman Chicago
A shekarar 2011, Davis Gates ya shiga cikin ma'aikatan ƙungiyar malamai ta Chicago a matsayin darektan siyasa. 

#### mataimakin shugaba
A shekarar 2018, Jesse Sharkey ya gaji Karen Lewis a matsayin shugaba kuma an zaɓi Davis Gates a matsayin mataimakin shugaban Sharkey bayan shawarar Lewis. 

A matsayinta na Mataimakiyar Shugaba, ta jagoranci yajin aikin kwanaki 14 a shekarar 2019, saboda gazawar cimma yarjejeniya.   Yawancin lokacin da ta yi a matsayinta na mataimakiyar shugabar kasa an san ta da annobar COVID-19 ; a watan Afrilun 2020, Gwamnan Illinois JB Pritzker ta rufe dukkan makarantu don koyarwa ta fuska da fuska har zuwa sauran shekarar makaranta.  A watan Oktoba na wannan shekarar, CPS ta sanar da shirin komawa koyarwa ta fuska da fuska, wanda Davis Gates da CTU suka yi adawa da shi.  Makarantun Gwamnati na Chicago sun koma koyarwa ta fuska da fuska a watan Janairun 2021, duk da damuwar ƙungiyar da kuma tattaunawa game da yuwuwar yajin aikin daga Davis Gates.   A watan Janairun 2022, CTU ta dakatar da aiki na tsawon kwanaki 5 saboda matsalolin tsaro bayan karuwar shari'o'in COVID-19.  

## Manazarta
Judy Darcy

**Judy Darcy** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1950) ƙwararriyar mai fafutukar kula da lafiya ce ta ƙasar Kanada, ƙwararriyar ƙungiyar ƙwadago, kuma tsohuwar 'yar siyasa.  Darcy ita ce Ministar Lafiyar Hankali da Shan Barasa ta farko ta British Columbia. Ta kasance Shugabar Ƙasa ta huɗu ta Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Jama'a ta Kanada daga 1991 zuwa 2003, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama mace ta biyu kuma Bayahudiya 'yar Kanada ta biyu da ta riƙe wannan muƙamin,  kuma manajan kasuwanci na Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Asibiti daga 2005 zuwa 2011.

An zaɓi Darcy a Majalisar Dokoki ta British Columbia a zaɓen 2013, a matsayin ɗan takarar BC NDP na mazabar New Westminster .  Ta riƙe wannan matsayin har zuwa Satumba 2020, kuma ba ta nemi wa'adi na uku a zaɓen lardunan 2020 ba.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Darcy a ƙasar Denmark, Ida Maria Judith Borunsky, kuma ta zo Kanada tare da iyayenta lokacin tana da watanni 18. Mahaifinta masanin kimiyyar sinadarai ne wanda ya kasance ma'aikacin jigilar kaya na tsawon shekaru har sai da ya sake tabbatar da takardun shaidarsa a Kanada ya kuma ci gaba da aiki a sana'arsa. [1]

Mahaifinta, Jules (Youli) Simonovich Borunsky, Bayahude ne ɗan Rasha wanda iyalansa suka ƙaura zuwa Faransa bayan juyin juya halin Rasha . Matar Borunsky ta farko mace ce 'yar Katolika ' yar Faransa. A lokacin yaƙin, ya shiga rundunar sojojin Faransa kuma aka kama shi a lokacin Yaƙin Dunkirk . A lokacin da ake tsare da shi a matsayin Fursunoni na Yaƙi, ya tsira kuma ya guji korarsa zuwa sansanin azabtarwa ta hanyar ɓoye asalinsa na Yahudanci da kuma yin kamar shi ɗan Katolika ne mai ibada, gami da nassoshi da alamomi na Katolika a cikin wasiƙun da ya aika wa matarsa a matsayin wani ɓangare na makircin. Da yake 'yan Nazi sun mamaye Paris, Borunsky ya shawo kan mahaifinsa cewa zai fi masa aminci ya shiga sauran dangin a Kovno, Lithuania . Duk da haka, kwana huɗu bayan isowarsa, 'yan Nazi sun mamaye garin. Einsatzgruppen ya kashe yawancin Yahudawa, wataƙila har da mahaifin Borunsky, 'yar'uwarta, mijinta da 'yarsu. A cewar Darcy, mahaifinta "yana da babban laifi, laifin tsira lokacin da wasu suka mutu da kuma laifin aika mahaifinsa zuwa mutuwarsa." Matar Borunsky ta farko ta mutu sakamakon rashin lafiya a ƙarshen yaƙin. Bayan an 'yantar da Borunsky, ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar darakta a sansanin ' yan gudun hijira na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya inda ya haɗu da Else Margrethe Rich, tsohuwar ƙungiyar 'yan adawa ta Denmark wadda ta sami aiki a sansanin bayan yaƙin. Saboda raunin da yaƙin ya yi da kuma rashin iyalansa, kuma yana tsoron ƙarin zaluncin Yahudawa, Borunsky ya ci gaba da ɓoye asalinsa na Yahudanci daga kowa sai matarsa har zuwa rayuwarsa ta gaba. 

## Manazarta
Ko Yu-chin

**Ko Yu-chin** ( Chinese ; an haife shi 1939) ɗan siyasan Taiwan ne.

## Ilimi da aiki
Ko ta yi karatun lauya a Jami'ar Soochow kafin ta halarci Cibiyar Ayyukan Juyin Juya Hali . Ta yi aiki a Chunghwa Post kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatare janar na Kungiyar Ma'aikatan Wasiku ta Jamhuriyar China kafin ta koma Tarayyar Ma'aikata ta China, a matsayin darektan zartarwa. [1] An nada Ko a cikin Majalisar Dokoki a matsayin wakilin ma'aikata da ke da alaƙa da Kuomintang. Bayan an cire mazabu masu aiki, an sake zaɓen Ko a cikin Majalisar Dokoki a 1992 da 1995 ta hanyar jerin jam'iyyun Kuomintang. [1] [2] Daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatare janar na Ƙungiyar Agaji da Ayyukan Ci Gaban Sin, [3] [4] daga baya kuma ta zama shugabar girmamawa. [5]

## Manazarta
Victoria Keon-Cohen

**Victoria Keon-Cohen** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1989) ƙwararriyar mai tallan kayan kwalliya ce kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata a ƙasar Ostiraliya.

## Aikin tallan kayan kawa
Keon-Cohen ta fara aikin tallan kayan kwalliya tana da shekaru 15 a Ostiraliya bayan ta lashe gasar neman samfuran mujallar *<nowiki/>'Yan Mata* a shekarar 2002 (a ƙarƙashin sunan dandamali Victoria Boston).  Ta yi tafiya a kan titin jirgin sama ga masu zane kamar Chanel, Vogue, Dior, Replay da Armani kuma ta fito a talla ga samfuran da suka haɗa da Levis, David Jones. 

## Ilimi
Keon-Cohen ta yi karatu a Makarantar 'Yan Mata ta Lauriston da ke Melbourne, ajin 2003. 

## Ƙungiyoyin fafutuka
A watan Disamba na 2007, Keon-Cohen ta tuntubi Actors Equity a Burtaniya don wakiltar samfuran kariyar Union. Keon-Cohen ta zama mai magana da yawun haƙƙin samfuran a madadin Equity. Ita ce shugabar kafa Kwamitin Equity Models' daga 2007 zuwa 2012. *Jaridar Guardian* ta sanya ta cikin manyan sunaye 30 da za a kalla a matsayin sabuwar mai tsattsauran ra'ayi  kuma mujallar *Marie Claire* ta bayyana aikinta a matsayin "yaƙin neman zaɓe".  Ta hanyar aiki tare da Equity, an kafa Shirin Samfura, haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Majalisar Kayan Salo ta Burtaniya, hukumomin Ƙungiyar Samfura, kwamitin Samfura na Equity da kuma Babban Hukumar London don magance matsalolin lafiya da walwalar masana'antar kayan sawa, gami da Dokar Ɗabi'a ta farko don Makon Kayan Sawa na London.  Ta ci gaba da zama memba mai himma a Kwamitin Samfura na Equity kuma wakili a kafofin watsa labarai. A cikin 2013 Equity ta sanar da yarjejeniyar farko da aka sanya hannu tare da British *Vogue* .   

## Fim ɗin fim
A shekarar 2011, Keon-Cohen ta yi aiki a matsayin mai siyar da kaya ga Robert De Niro a fim ɗin Killer Elite . [1] A shekarar 2012, ta shirya fara nuna fim ɗin Girl Model a Burtaniya, wani shirin gaskiya game da samar da kayayyaki ga ƙananan 'yan mata daga Siberia zuwa kasuwar tallan kayan kwalliya ta Japan. [2] A shekarar 2012, ta yi gajeren fim ɗinta na farko, Eternal Return, wanda kuma ya wayar da kan jama'a game da ƙungiyar agaji ta Bipolar UK. [3] Fim ɗin Victoria na biyu mai suna A Civilized Life, furodusa Lawrence Bender ne ya shirya shi, kuma ya ƙunshi Dean Winters da Britt Lower . Ta sami kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Darakta daga Bikin Fina-finai na Duniya na California, Zaɓin hukuma a Fickerfest da ya cancanci Oscar a Ostiraliya, Bikin Fina-finai na Phoenix, Bikin Fina-finai na Independent na Birnin New York da Bikin Fina-finai na Duniya na Mata na Los Angeles.

## Manazarta
Sara Horowitz

**Sara Horowitz** (an haife ta a ranar 13 ga Janairu, 1963)  ita ce ta kafa ƙungiyar Freelancers Union kuma mai goyon bayan hadin kai . Ta kasance tana aiki a ƙungiyoyin kwadago tun tana da shekaru 18, lokacin da ta gudanar da aikin horon bazara a Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Gargajiya ta Mata ta Duniya . Ta yi aiki a UAW, CSEA, da SEIU, kuma a halin yanzu tana aiki a hukumar gudanarwa ta Cibiyar Albert Shanker . A ƙarƙashin jagorancinta, ƙungiyar Freelancers Union ta gina wata hanyar sadarwa ta farko ta Portable Benefits Network a cikin 2004 kuma ta ƙaddamar da Kamfanin Inshorar Freelancers a 2009, wacce ke ba da inshorar lafiya ga masu zaman kansu sama da 25,000 na New York kafin a rufe ta a 2014.  A cikin aikinta, Horowitz tana goyon bayan rawar da ƙungiyoyin mutualists, gami da ƙungiyoyin kwadago, ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa, ƙungiyoyin taimakon juna, da ƙungiyoyin addini, ke takawa a matsayin ginshiƙin tattalin arzikin ma'aikata na gaba da tsaron zamantakewa a Amurka.

A farkon aikinta, Horowitz ta yi aiki a matsayin mai shirya ƙungiyar kwadago tare da 1199, SEIU, mai kare jama'a tare da Legal Aid Society, da kuma lauya mai kare ma'aikata na ƙungiyar kwadago. An naɗa ta a matsayin MacArthur Fellow a shekarar 1999 kuma ta yi aiki a hukumar bankin tarayya na New York, tana aiki a matsayin shugaba daga 201x zuwa 201x.  Bugu da ƙari, ta yi aiki a hukumar Nathan Cummings Foundation kuma a halin yanzu tana cikin Hukumar Daraktocin Ashoka.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Horowitz Bayahudiya ce  kuma ta girma a Brooklyn Heights da ke Brooklyn, New York   a cikin iyalin ma'aikata. Mahaifinta lauya ne na ƙungiyar kwadago  kuma mahaifiyarta memba ce ta ƙungiyar malamai ta tsawon rai.  Ta halarci Makarantar Abokan Brooklyn, wata makarantar Quaker da ke Brooklyn.

Horowitz ta kammala karatunta a Makarantar Hulɗa da Masana'antu ta Jami'ar Cornell da digirin BA a shekarar 1984 kuma an ba ta kyautar aiki.  Ta kammala karatunta *na farko* daga Jami'ar a Makarantar Shari'a ta Buffalo .  Daga baya ta halarci Makarantar Gwamnati ta John F. Kennedy a Jami'ar Harvard kuma ta sami digirin MPA a shekarar 1995. 

## Sana'a
Horowitz ta gina aikinta na rayuwa bisa falsafar cewa tsarin hadin gwiwa zai zama ginshiƙin tsarin tsaron zamantakewa na gaba. Ta fara aikinta a shekarar 1984 lokacin da ta yi aiki da 1199 SEIU don tsara ma'aikatan jinya. Rashin rarraba aiki a farkon aiki a matsayin mai kwangila mai zaman kansa, maimakon cikakken ma'aikaci, ya sa ta fahimci tasirin gibin fa'idodi da ma'aikata masu zaman kansu da yawa ke fuskanta a tattalin arzikin ma'aikata na yau. [1] Tana neman magance wannan batu, a shekarar 1993 Horowitz ta kafa Working Today, wata ƙungiya da ke fafutukar kare haƙƙin ma'aikata masu zaman kansu kuma tana ba wa membobinta masu zaman kansu fa'idodi iri-iri, gami da ayyukan shari'a, tsare-tsaren ritaya, da inshora. [2]

## Manazarta
Eva Hodgson

**Eva Naomi Hodgson** (9 ga Oktoba, 1924 - 29 ga Mayu, 2020) ƙwararriyar mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a ce 'yar ƙasar Bermuda, marubuciya, shugabar ƙungiyar kwadago, kuma mai ilimi. An san ta da ƙoƙarinta na yaƙi da wariyar launin fata a Bermuda, tun daga zamanin wariya zuwa ƙarni na 21.

Wasu sun yi wa Hodgson kallon mai tayar da hankali saboda ra'ayinta mara sassauci. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar farko ta ƙungiyar malamai ta Bermuda da aka raba ta gida, kuma ta rubuta littattafai guda huɗu kan tarihin launin fata da aiki na ƙasarta.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Hodgson a shekarar 1924 ga wata iyali da suka rayu a cikin al'ummar Crawl a Hamilton Parish, Bermuda, tsawon tsararraki da yawa. Ta girma a cikin ƙungiyar bishara ta 'yan'uwa kuma ta ci gaba da zama Kirista mai ibada a tsawon rayuwarta. Iyayenta, Harold da Ilene Hodgson, suna da 'ya'ya shida; mahaifiyarta ta mutu tana ƙarama a shekarar 1942.  

Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Cibiyar Berkeley, Hodgson ya halarci Jami'ar Queen's da ke Ontario bisa tallafin karatu na gwamnati. 

## Sana'a

### Ilimi
Da ta kammala karatun digirinta na farko, Hodgson ta koma Bermuda a shekarar 1948 don koyarwa a Cibiyar Berkeley. 

Bayan shekara guda tana koyarwa, ta sake komawa makaranta don samun takardar shaidar difloma a fannin ilimi daga Jami'ar Landan . Daga baya ta koma makarantar don samun digiri na girmamawa a fannin ilimin ƙasa.

Bayan dawowarta Bermuda a shekarar 1959, Hodgson ta ci gaba da koyarwa a Berkeley.

A shekarar 1967, ta je Amurka don yin karatu a Jami'ar Columbia . Ta sami digiri na biyu na biyu sannan ta sami digirin digirgir a tarihin Afirka da Afirka ta Amurka a shekarar 1980. A lokacin da take karatun digiri na biyu, ta je aiki a Kwalejin Essex County da ke New Jersey, inda ta zama shugabar sashen tarihi a shekarar 1978. Ta kuma koyar na ɗan lokaci a Kwalejin Staten Island da Jami'ar Rutgers . [1] [2]

Bayan kammala karatun digirin digirgir, Hodgson ta koma Bermuda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan harkokin ilimi. Daga nan aka naɗa ta a matsayin mai kula da tarihin baki da kiyaye al'adu a Ma'aikatar Ilimi daga 1983 zuwa 1990, wanda ya haɗa da kula da shirye-shiryen tarihin baki da kuma yin aiki don gabatar da haƙƙin ɗan adam a cikin manhajojin makaranta.  

## Manazarta
Cherifa

**Ouardia Bouchemlal** (9 ga Janairu, 1926 - 13 ga Maris, 2014) yar asalin Aljeriya ce mai raira waƙa, asalinsa daga Kabylia, wacce ta kirkiro daruruwan waƙoƙi a cikin rayuwarta ta fasaha sama da shekaru 40.&nbsp;

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Ouardia Bouchemlal a ranar 9 ga Janairu, 1926, a Aït Halla, wani karamin ƙauye da ke cikin garin El Main . Ba tare da uwa ba, an ce tana ƙarƙashin kulawar kawunta lokacin da mahaifinta ya sake yin aure.

Ta fara fitowa a kan mataki a Algiers tana da shekaru 16, tana fassara waƙoƙin Kabyle na gargajiya. A cikin 1942 Ouardia Bouchemlal, wacce za ta zaɓi Cherifa a matsayin sunanta na mai zane, ta fara fitowa a Rediyo Kabyle, kamar yadda ake kira a wannan lokacin. Za ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu gabatarwa na wannan matsakaici wanda zai canza halaye da halaye ta hanyar gabatar da waƙa da kiɗa a zuciyar gidajen Kabyle. An shigar da Cherifa a cikin 'yan mata na rediyo inda shugaba Sheikh Nordine ke aiki, kansa mawaƙi ne kuma jack na dukkan sana'o'i. A wancan lokacin, har yanzu ana ganin cewa mata da ke raira waƙa a bainar jama'a suna da lalata. Sau da yawa al'umma ta hana su kuma iyalai sun musanta su. Ba a ba da rahoton ayyukanta ga Ofishin Hakkin Hakki ba, saboda haka ba ta sami sarauta a kan abubuwan da ta tsara ba. A cikin shekarun 1970s, za a tilasta mata yin ayyukan gida don biyan bukatun ta. Za a kwace waƙoƙinta kuma a rufe waƙoƙin ta ba tare da an biya ta dinari ba. A farkon shekarun 1990s, ta dawo da jin kunya har ma ta yi aiki a Faransa. A shekara ta 2001 ta yi kide-kide biyu a Amurka tare da Naïma Ababsa da Zakia Kara Terki . &nbsp;

A shekara ta 2008, wilaya na Bordj Bou Arreridj da kungiyar Azel sun sami nasarar kawo N'Cherifa zuwa garinsu bayan shekaru 65 a gudun hijira. An binne ta a can.&nbsp;

## Waƙoƙi
A cikin aikinta, Cherifa ta rubuta waƙoƙi sama da 800.

* Abka Wala Khir Ay Akbou
* Aya Zerzour
* Azwaw (kuma an sake tsara shi kuma Idir ya yi shi ya rasa waƙar asali) 
* Sniwa d ifendjalen

## Bayanan littattafai

*  
*  

## Mutuwa
Cherifa ta mutu tana da shekaru 88 a ranar 13 ga Maris, 2014 . 

## Manazarta
Dihya (mai raira waƙa)

**LolDihya** (sunan gaskiya **Zohra Aïssaoui**) mawaƙiya ce ta ƙasar Aljeriya ta kiɗa Chaoui .

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Dihya a cikin 1950 ƙauyen Taghit kusa da Tighanimine ga Amar Aïssaoui Taghit da Ourida Meghamri na T'kout . Ta koma Faransa a shekara ta 1958 tana da shekaru takwas.

## Bayanan da aka yi

* Da'awar Zamana 7" (1977) 
* *Ekker ya mutu! Ekker ya mutu!* (1981)
* *Masana'antar d! Masana'antar d!* (1982)
* *Setta Frank* (1987) 
* Dzair essa (2005) 

Har ila yau, an yi lodawa da yawa ba bisa ka'ida ba na kiɗa a dandalin YouTube.

## Manazarta

* Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a wannan talifin a dandalin www.jw.org/ha.  ; shafi na 211&nbsp;
Grace Hartman (mai haɗin gwiwar kwadago)

**Grace Hartman** (ɗan **Fulcher** ; 14 ga Yuli, 1918 &#x2013; 18 ga Disamba, 1993) 'yar fafutukar kare haƙƙin ma'aikata ce ta ƙasar Kanada, wacce zaɓenta na 1975 zuwa ga shugabancin Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Jama'a ta Kanada ya sanya ta zama mace ta farko a Arewacin Amurka da ta jagoranci babbar ƙungiyar ma'aikata. Ta riƙe wannan muƙamin har zuwa 1983.

## Fafutukar ƙungiyar kwadago
Kafin shekarar 1963, Hartman ta kasance mamba a ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata na baya na CUPE, wato Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Jama'a ta Ƙasa. A matsayinta na sakatare a Garin North York, Ontario, ta kasance mamba a NUPE Local 373. Hartman ta riƙe muƙamai da dama na zartarwa na gida kuma an zaɓe ta shugabar yankin a shekarar 1959, matsayin da ta riƙe har zuwa 1967. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Fafutukar mata
Hartman ta kasance fitacciyar mai shiga cikin ƙungiyar mata, kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata. A shekarar 1965, ta jagoranci Kwamitin Mata na Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Ontario . [1] Ta shiga kwamitin gudanarwa na Kwamitin Daidaito ga Mata a Kanada a shekarar 1966, wanda ya yi nasarar yin kira ga gwamnatin Kanada da ta kafa Kwamitin Sarauta kan Matsayin Mata a Kanada . A shekarar 1968, an naɗa Hartman a Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Kwamitin Sarauta kan Matsayin Mata. [2] A shekarar 1974–75, ta zama shugabar ƙasa ta biyu ta Kwamitin Ayyuka na Ƙasa kan Matsayin Mata . [ ana buƙatar ambato ]

## Girmamawa da mukamai
An ba Hartman lambar yabo ta Gwamna Janar a bikin tunawa da shari'ar mutane a shekarar 1985. 

An kuma ba Hartman digirin girmamawa na Doctor of Laws daga Jami'ar York da Jami'ar Queen's . 

## Manazarta
Barbara Gysi

**Barbara Gysi** (an haife ta a ranar 14 ga Mayu 1964 a Zurich ) 'yar siyasa ce daga Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party of Switzerland (SP).

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Gysi ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Zurich daga 1983 zuwa 1986 kuma ta kammala karatunta a matsayin malamar makarantar sakandare a fannin ilmin halittu da yanayin ƙasa. Har zuwa 1991, ta halarci Makarantar Aikin Jama'a da ke Zurich kuma ta kammala karatunta a matsayin malamar tarbiyya. Bayan kammala karatunta, ta koma Wil . Ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin zamantakewa da kuma mai koyar da ilimin zamantakewa har zuwa 1997. Daga 1997 zuwa 2004, ta kasance sakatariyar siyasa ta SP a gundumar St. Gallen.  Daga 2012 zuwa 2021, ta kasance mataimakiyar shugabar SP Switzerland. 

## Aikin siyasa

### Matakin birni da na kantonal
Gysi ta sami gogewar siyasa ta farko lokacin da ta tsaya takarar Majalisar Ƙasa a shekarar 1995. A shekara mai zuwa, ta tsaya takarar Majalisar Cantonal ta St. Gallen ba tare da nasara ba, amma an zaɓe ta a majalisar birni ta gundumar Wil. A shekarar 1999, an zaɓe ta a majalisar yankin, amma ba a sake zaɓe ta ba a babban zaɓen da aka yi a shekarar 2000. A shekarar 2001, an zaɓe ta a matsayin shugabar zartarwa ta Wil, majalisar birni, inda ta karɓi ragamar gudanar da harkokin nishaɗi da wasanni. A zaɓen majalisar yankin cantonal na 2004, an zaɓe ta a majalisar yankin da ƙuri'u 3,438. A matsayinta na kansilar birni ta Wil, ta karɓi ragamar harkokin zamantakewa, matasa da tsufa a shekara mai zuwa. A shekarar 2009, an zaɓe ta a matsayin shugabar ƙungiyar Social Democrats a majalisar yankin. An yi mata kallon 'yar takarar da za ta iya tsayawa takarar majalisar dokokin yankin a gundumar St. Gallen a ranar 11 ga Maris, 2012. Duk da haka, a taron jam'iyyarsu, Heidi Hanselmann da an zaɓi  .

### Majalisar Ƙasa
A zaɓen tarayya na Switzerland na 2011, Gysi ta sami sakamako na uku mafi kyau a jerin jam'iyyun Social Democrats da ƙuri'u 17,331, bayan tsoffin membobin Majalisar Ƙasa Hildegard Fässler da Paul Rechsteiner . Da zaɓen Rechsteiner a Majalisar Jihohi, Gysi ta sami damar shiga Majalisar Ƙasa. Ta sake tsayawa takara a zaɓen tarayya na Switzerland na 2015, 2019 da 2023 kuma an sake zaɓenta a kowane lokaci. A Majalisar Ƙasa, ta kasance memba a Kwamitin Tsaron Jama'a da Lafiya tun 2015 (Shugaba daga 2023); daga 2011 zuwa 2023 ta kasance memba a Finance Committees of the Federal Council [de] . A zaɓen maye gurbin kujerar Majalisar Jiha ta Rechsteiner mai murabus, Gysi ta sami ƙuri'u na uku mafi yawa a zagaye na farko na zaɓen a ranar 12 ga Maris 2023. [1] A zagaye na biyu na zaɓe mai mahimmanci a ranar 30 ga Afrilu 2023, ta sha kaye a hannun Esther Friedli (SVP). [2]

## Manazarta
Yvonne Francis-Gibson

**Yvonne Christiana Francis-Gibson** ( née Harry; 26 Maris 1931 - 7 Yuli 2018) 'Yar siyasa ce ta Saint Vincent da Grenadines kuma 'yar ƙungiyar kwadago. Asalinta tana aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta, kuma mai tsara ayyukan kwadago ce kuma shugabar ƙungiyar malamai ta SVG . Daga baya aka zaɓe ta a matsayin 'yar majalisar jam'iyyar Democrat ta New Democratic Party a West St. George a 1989 sannan daga baya ta zama Ministar Ilimi, Harkokin Mata da Al'adu, da kuma Ministar Lafiya da Muhalli da kuma Ofishin Firayim Minista .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Yvonne Christiana Harry [1] a ranar 26 ga Maris 1931 kuma ta yi karatu a Makarantar Anglican ta Lowmans Leeward, Makarantar Methodist ta Kingstown, da Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta St. Vincent, wacce ta yi karatu na ɗan lokaci yayin da take koyarwa a makarantar firamare. [2] [3] Ta fara aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta tun daga tsakiyar shekarun 1940 kuma ta ci gaba da yin hakan har tsawon shekaru arba'in masu zuwa, [2] musamman a Makarantar Methodist ta Kingstown, Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta St. Vincent, Makarantar Anglican ta Lowmans Leeward, Makarantar Anglican ta Barrouallie, Makarantar Methodist ta Chateaubelair, da Makarantar Gwamnati ta Belmont. [3] Ta kasance babbar malamar Makarantar Methodist ta Brighton daga 1967 zuwa 1980, kuma ta yi aiki a Makarantar Methodist ta Kingstown daga 1980 zuwa 1985. [3]

A lokacin da take aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta, ta fara shiga fafutukar kare hakkin ma'aikata, kuma an taba tsare ta saboda shiga cikin yajin aikin malaman Saint Vincent da Grenadines na 1975 kuma akalla sau ɗaya aka buge ta da hayaki mai sa hawaye .   A shekarar 1979, ta zama shugabar kungiyar malamai ta SVG,  a lokacin da ta shirya zanga-zangar adawa da Dokokin Dread a 1981.  Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da sabon teburin mata daga 1985 zuwa 1988;  wannan rawar da farko ta kawo wa mata alƙawarin samun yanayi mafi kyau fiye da Jam'iyyar Labour ta Saint Vincent, amma a cewar rahotanni, teburin mata da kansa "yana ƙarƙashin sha'awar gwamnati, kuma ba ta iya ɗaukar matsayi mai ƙarfi a madadin al'amuran mata ba". 

## Manazarta
Sandra Feldman

**Sandra Feldman** ( née Abramowitz; 13 ga Oktoba, 1939 - 18 ga Satumba, 2005) ta kasance malami kuma shugabar kwadago ta Amurka wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar ƙungiyar malamai ta Amurka (AFT) daga 1997 zuwa 2004.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Sandra Abramowitz a Coney Island da ke Brooklyn, New York, a shekarar 1939, mahaifinta mai kiwon madara ne wanda ke buga goge har sai da aiki ya sa yatsunsa suka yi kauri sosai har suka kasa buga kiɗa. Mahaifiyarta tana aiki na ɗan lokaci a gidan burodi, amma sau da yawa tana rashin lafiya. Iyalan Abramowitz sun kasance matalauta ƙwarai; da farko, Sandra da 'yan uwanta biyu sun girma a wani gida, kodayake daga ƙarshe iyalin sun koma gidajen gwamnati yayin da kuɗinsu ya tabarbare. Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta James Madison  a makarantun gwamnati na birnin New York . Ta shiga Kwalejin Brooklyn (wanda a lokacin ke ba da kuɗin makaranta kyauta), inda ta yi karatun adabin Turanci. Ta fara aiki a siyasar gurguzu da kuma Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama . Lokacin da take da shekaru 17, ta haɗu da mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a Bayard Rustin, wanda ya zama mai ba ta shawara kuma aminiyarta ta kud da kud. A lokacin ƙuruciyarta a Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama, Feldman ta yi aiki don haɗa gidajen cin abinci na Howard Johnson a Maryland . Ba da daɗewa ba ta zama shugabar kwamitin aiki na Congress of Racial Equality a Harlem . Ta kuma halarci wasu 'Yanci Rides da dama, kuma an kama ta sau biyu.

A shekarar 1958, yayin da take aiki a mujallar adabi ta Kwalejin Brooklyn, ta haɗu ta auri Paul Feldman. Daga baya Paul Feldman ya zama editan mujallar gurguzu "New America" kuma memba na kwamitin zartarwa na jam'iyyar gurguzu ta ƙasa. Ma'auratan sun rabu a shekarar 1975. Ba su da 'ya'ya. A shekarar 1980, ta auri Arthur H. Barnes, tsohon shugaban ƙungiyar New York Urban Coalition, wanda shi ne uban 'ya'ya biyu.

## Aikin koyarwa
Bayan kammala karatunta a shekarar 1962, Feldman ta yi aiki na tsawon watanni shida a matsayin malamar aji uku a wata makarantar gwamnati da ke East Harlem . Amma ta fahimci cewa ba ta da isasshen horo kuma ta shiga makarantar digiri a shekarar 1963. Daga 1963 zuwa 1966, Feldman ta yi aiki don samun digiri na biyu a fannin adabi a Jami'ar New York . Ta ci gaba da kasancewa mai himma a cikin Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama, tana shiga cikin zanga-zangar Washington don Ayyuka da 'Yanci a shekarar 1963. Yayin da take makarantar digiri na biyu, Feldman ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar aji na huɗu a Makarantar Jama'a ta 34 a Lower East Side ta birnin New York. Nan da nan ta shiga AFT (wanda ke da memba ɗaya kawai a makarantar). Lokacin da malaman birnin New York suka sami haƙƙin yin ciniki a shekarar 1960, ta tsara dukkan ma'aikatan makarantar cikin shekara guda. A wannan lokacin, Feldman ta zama abokiyar Albert Shanker, wanda a lokacin shi ne mai shirya ƙungiyar Malamai ta United Federation .

## Manazarta
Cindy Estrada

**Cindy Estrada** shugabar ƙungiyar ƙwadago ce ta Amurka, tsohuwar mataimakiyar shugabar ƙungiyar ma'aikatan motocin haya ta United Auto Workers, kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata da haƙƙin ma'aikata . Ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar UAW daga 2010 har zuwa ritayarta a 2022, kuma ita ce Latina ta farko da ta cike wannan matsayi.

## Ilimi
Estrada ta kammala karatun digirin farko a fannin ilimi daga Jami'ar Michigan kuma da farko ta yi niyyar zama malamar makaranta. Bayan kammala karatunta daga kwaleji, ta sami damar yin aiki a wani kamfen tare da ma'aikatan gona da mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a Dolores Huerta, suna shirya tare da ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Gona ta United Farm . Ta ambaci waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru wajen jawo hankalinta zuwa ga zama mai tsara ayyukan kwadago .  

## Sana'a
Estrada ta fara aiki a UAW a shekarar 1995. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ta shiga, ta taimaka wajen tsara ma'aikata a Masana'antun Mexican, wanda ya haifar da "ɗaya daga cikin manyan nasarorin da UAW ta samu tsakanin ma'aikatan masana'antu masu magana da Sifaniyanci".  An zaɓi Estrada a wa'adinta na farko a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar UAW a shekarar 2010. A cikin wannan matsayin, Estrada ita ce babbar mai shiga tsakani wadda ke da alhakin membobin UAW sama da 17,000 a Michigan. 

A shekarar 2014, Estrada ta karɓi ragamar shugabancin Sashen General Motors na UAW, inda ta zama mace ta farko kuma Latina ta farko da ta cike wannan matsayi.  An kuma zaɓe ta a wa'adinta na biyu a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar UAW. 

A shekarar 2017, an yi wa Estrada kallon "abin sha'awa" a wani bincike na tarayya game da karkatar da kuɗaɗen cibiyar horo da UAW da Fiat Chrysler ke gudanarwa tare. Ba a taɓa gurfanar da Estrada ko sanya mata suna a cikin wani shari'ar kotu ba, amma an shigar da ƙarar cin hanci a kan wanda ya gada, Joe Ashton, wanda daga ƙarshe aka yanke masa hukunci. [1]

A shekarar 2018, Estrada ta karɓi ragamar jagorancin sashen Stellantis (wanda a da sashen Fiat Chrysler Automobiles ne). 

Estrada ta sanar da yin ritayarta a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar UAW a shekarar 2022. 

## Manazarta
Iris Martin

**Jessie Iris Martin** MBE (19 Disamba 1898 &#x2013; 19 Yuli 1982) ma'aikaciyar jinya ce ta New Zealand, mai kula da asibiti, mai koyarwa kuma shugabar ƙungiyar ma'aikatan jinya. An haife ta a Wellington, New Zealand, a ranar 19 Disamba 1898. Mahaifinta shine Lee Martin . 

A shekarar 1953, an ba Martin lambar yabo ta Sarauniya Elizabeth ta Biyu . [1] A bikin tunawa da ranar haihuwar Sarauniya ta 1955, an naɗa ta a matsayin memba na Order of the British Empire, saboda ayyukan jinya, musamman a matsayin uwargidan Asibitin Cook da ke Gisborne . [2]

Martin ya nemi takarar Jam'iyyar Labour a zaben maye gurbin Hamilton na 1959, amma bai yi nasara ba. 

## Manazarta
Catherine Mahon

**Catherine Mahon** (1869–1948) ita ce mace ta farko da ta zama shugabar ƙungiyar malamai ta ƙasa ta Ireland .

## Rayuwar farko da aikin koyarwa
An haifi Catherine Mahon a Laccah, County Tipperary a ranar 15 ga Mayu, 1869, ga ma'aikaciyar lebur mai shekaru 37 James Mahon da matarsa Winifred Mahon (née O'Meara). Ita ce babba a cikin yara bakwai. Karatunta yana makarantar ƙasa ta Carrig kafin ta tafi makarantar sakandare tare da Sisters of Mercy a Birr inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai duba daga Oktoba 1884. A lokacin wannan hanya ce ta samun cancantar malami. Ta kammala horonta ta hanyar wasiƙu kuma ta yi jarrabawar ƙarshe a 1890. Ta koyar na ɗan gajeren lokaci a Tulla Convent da ke County Clare . Yawancin rayuwar koyarwa ta yi ne a Tipperary - a gidan sufi na Nenagh da kuma a matsayin shugabar Glenculloo. Mahon ta kasance shugabar makaranta daga Satumba 1891 zuwa Afrilu 1892 a wata ƙaramar makaranta mai ɗalibai talatin a Glenculloo kafin ta koma zama shugabar makarantar ƙasa ta Carrig.   

## Ƙungiyar Malaman Ƙasa ta Ireland
Mahon ta kasance memba na Gaelic League da kuma Irish Women's Franchise League . Yayin da take memba ba mai fafutuka ba, ta nuna goyon baya a cikin Irish Citizen . A shekarar 1906, Mahon ta fara shiga ƙungiyar malamai kuma ta shiga ƙungiyar Birr kuma ta yi jawabi game da daidaiton albashi a taron shekara-shekara na Ƙungiyar Malaman Ƙasa ta Ireland . Daga nan ta nuna rashin mata a cikin shugabannin INTO. Da take jayayya kan batun, ta gabatar da kanta don a yi la'akari da matsayin Mataimakiyar Shugabar ƙungiyar a watan Maris na 1907, kuma duk da cewa ba a zaɓe ta ba, tambayar ta kasance a bainar jama'a har INTO ta ƙirƙiri sabbin mukamai a kan zartarwa ga mata kuma ta ba Mahon ɗaya.   

A cikin shekarun farko na shigarta, Mahon ta yi nasara a wasu manufofinta, ta ƙara ɗaukar ma'aikata kuma ta hana tilasta wa mata malamai su ɗauki nauyin Laundry da Cookery a matsayin darussan. Lokacin da aka amince da tallafin Birrell a lokacin bazara na 1908, Mahon ta nuna cewa an kafa babban kuɗin albashi daidai gwargwado, yayin da aka raba tallafin ga dukkan malamai. Don haka ta yi iƙirarin cewa an yi abin da ya dace. [1] [2]

A watan Afrilun 1911 aka zaɓe ta a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaba ba tare da hamayya ba. A wannan shekarar, burinta shi ne hana malamai da ke hutun haihuwa su samar da madadinsu da kuɗinsu. A shekarar 1912, aka zaɓi Mahon mace ta farko da ta zama shugabar INTO. Kusan nan take aka samu rikici tare da korar mataimakin shugaban ƙasa Edmond Mansfield da kuma matsaloli tsakanin INTO da hukumar ilimi. An aika Mahon zuwa Landan don neman babban sakataren Augustine Birrell ya gudanar da bincike. Duk da cewa sakataren ya nuna son kai ga matsayinta, ya yarda cewa bayaninta ya gabatar da shari'ar da kyau kuma aka kafa kwamitin Dill.     

## Manazarta
Nicolasa Machaca

**Nicolasa Machaca Alejandro** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1952) shugabar ƙungiyar kwadago ta Bolivia ce kuma ma'aikaciyar kula da lafiya .

Machaca, 'yar asalin ma'aikatan gona na Quechua, ta koyi karatu kuma ta zama mai fafutukar kare karatu da rubutu . Ta tsara ayyukan agajin al'umma kuma ta yi aiki don ƙarfafa mata ta hanyar kafa ƙungiyoyin iyaye mata.  A shekarar 1980, ta shiga cikin kafa Ƙungiyar Bartolina Sisa, babbar ƙungiyar mata manoma a Bolivia.  Daga baya a wannan shekarar, an daure ta an kuma azabtar da ita saboda fafutukar da take yi na zamantakewa, kuma an tilasta mata ta gudu daga ƙasar.  Bayan zama a Cuba, ta koma Bolivia ta yi karatu don zama ma'aikaciyar jinya. 

A shekarar 2005, an zaɓe ta don samun kyautar zaman lafiya ta Nobel a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin PeaceWomen Across the Globe na zaɓen ƙungiyar mata 1,000 don girmamawa ta wannan shekarar. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Nicolasa Machaca Alejandro a shekarar 1952 a gundumar Poopó ta Bolivia. Ta girma a cikin dangin manoma, waɗanda ke kiwon tumaki da shanu da kuma shuka dankali da wake.  Machaca ba ta fara makaranta ba sai tana da shekaru 10, kuma an zalunce ta saboda ta girmi abokan karatunta sosai, don haka ta daina karatu jim kaɗan bayan ta yi rajista.  Duk da haka, bayan 'yan shekaru, ta koyi karatu kuma ta fara jagorantar darussan karatu da rubutu a cikin al'ummarta. Ta kuma shiga cikin ƙungiyar iyaye mata ta al'umma, kodayake ba ta kasance uwa ba tukuna.

Machaca ta fara ganawa da shugabannin larduna da kuma kafa wata hanyar sadarwa a can, kuma a shekarar 1974 ta wakilci Kurawara, *al'ummarta* ('yan asalin ƙasar), a taron mata manoma da ke Oruro . 

A shekarar 1977, Machaca ta bar Kurawara ta zauna a Oruro, bayan an zaɓe ta don ta kula da shirye-shirye ga mata a lardinta. 

A shekarar 1980, an ɗauke ta a matsayin barazana ga gwamnatin Luís García Meza, kuma wata rana da daddare sojojin suka ɗauke ta aka daure ta a gidan yarin Oruro. Bayan watanni biyu na ɗaurin kurkuku, tambayoyi, da azabtarwa, a farkon 1981 an jefa gawar Machaca a cikin motar haya kuma aka kawo ta Lardin Obispo Santistevan, inda suka bar ta. Ta sami nasarar nemo wata babbar mota don kai ta La Paz. Ta nemi mafaka a gidan wani abokin fafutuka, wanda ya sami likita ya taimaka mata ta gudu daga ƙasar. [1] Ta yi tafiya zuwa Cuba ta Lima, kuma a Havana an kawo ta asibiti. Yanayin lafiyarta yana da matuƙar tsanani, kuma ana fargabar cewa za a yanke mata ƙafafu biyu, amma likitocin sun sami nasarar ceto su. [2]

## Manazarta
Liau Huei-fang

**Liau Huei-fang** ( Chinese    ) lauya ce kuma masanin zamantakewa a Taiwan. Ta kasance Mataimakiyar Ministar Aiki daga 20 ga Mayu 2016 zuwa 27 ga Nuwamba 2017.

## Ilimi
Liau ta sami digirinta na farko da na biyu a fannin shari'a daga Jami'ar Chengchi ta Ƙasa .  Ta sami digirinta na uku a fannin nazarin zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Tunghai .

## Farkon aikina
Liau ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya, haka kuma memba na Kwamitin Daidaito Tsakanin Jinsi a Aikin Ma'aikata na Majalisar Harkokin Ma'aikata, memba na Kwamitin Asusun Fansho na Ma'aikata, memba na Kwamitin Rigakafin Cin Zarafin Jima'i na Gwamnatin Birnin Taipei, mataimakin shugaba kuma shugaban  kuma memba na Kwamitin Daidaito Tsakanin Jinsi a Aikin Ministan Kwadago . 

## Ma'aikatar Kwadago

### Naɗin Minista
An naɗa Liau a matsayin Mataimakin Ministan Kwadago ta hannun Firayim Minista Lin Chuan a ranar 28 ga Afrilu 2016 kuma ya hau mulki a ranar 20 ga Mayu a wannan shekarar. 

### Minista ya yi murabus
Liau ta fara mika takardar murabus dinta ga Minista Lin Mei-chu daga mukamin mataimakiyar minista a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba 2017, sannan kuma a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 2017, saboda matsalolin aiki. A ranar 27 ga Nuwamba 2017, Shugaba Tsai Ing-wen ta amince da murabus dinta, kuma aka maye gurbinta da Su Li-chiung . [1]

## Manazarta
Karen Lewis

**Karen Lewis** ( née **Jennings** ;   20 ga Yuli, 1953 - 7 ga Fabrairu, 2021)    Malama ce kuma shugabar ma'aikata ta Amurka wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar ƙungiyar malamai ta Chicago (CTU), reshen Chicago na ƙungiyar malamai ta Amurka, daga 2010 zuwa 2014. Tsawon kusan shekaru 20 kafin ta zama shugabar ƙungiyar malamai, ta kasance malamar kimiyyar sinadarai ta makarantar sakandare. 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Karen Jennings a ranar 20 ga Yuli, 1953, a Kudancin Chicago ga iyalan malamai.   Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Kenwood, amma ta tafi bayan shekararta ta farko don halartar Kwalejin Mount Holyoke . Lewis ya ce Mount Holyoke "ya koya mata cewa za ku iya yin komai [...] don amfani da hankalinku da kyau [...] don bayyana kanku."  Ta koma Kwalejin Dartmouth a 1972, lokacin da Dartmouth ta zama cibiyar Ivy League ta ƙarshe da ta zama mai ilimi tare,  kuma ita ce mace ɗaya tilo 'yar Afirka-Amurka a cikin ajin 1974.  Duk da haka, ta ce a Dartmouth "a bayyane yake cewa ba a son mata" kuma ta kira jami'ar "mummunan abin da ya faru a gare ni, amma ya sa ni ƙarfi."  Ta kammala karatunta da digiri a fannin zamantakewa da kiɗa.  Bayan kammala karatunta, ta auri Arnold Glenn ta koma Oklahoma; daga baya ma'auratan suka sake.  Daga nan ta sami digirin Master of Arts a fannin nazarin birnin tsakiya daga Jami'ar Northeastern Illinois . 

## Sana'a

Kusan shekaru 20, ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar sinadarai, ta fara aiki a matsayin madadinta kafin a ɗauke ta aiki na cikakken lokaci a Makarantar Sakandare ta Sullivan . [1] Daga baya ta yi aiki a Makarantar Sakandare ta Lane Tech da Makarantar Koyon Aikin Likitanci ta King, [1] kuma ta ce "ta auna nasarar da na samu a matsayin malamar makaranta ta hanyar rungumar da na yi a ƙarshen shekara, ta hanyar tattaunawa da yaran da ke cewa, 'Ban taɓa tunanin hakan ba.'" [2] A shekara ta 2001, ta auri John Lewis, wanda shi ma malamin Chicago ne, kuma ma'auratan sun zauna tare a Bronzeville . [2]

## Manazarta