Jamus

**Jamus**  Neman tuna yadda rayuwa ta kasan ce a yankin, **Jamus** ta gabas, al'amari ne da kan kasan ce mai matuƙar sarƙaƙiya ga su kansu mazauna wannan yanki. Suma baki yanci rani da suka saba zama a yankin na Jamus ta gabas, basa samun saukin bayanin irin halin da suka zauna karkashin sa a yankin. Daya daga cikin irin wadannan baki da suka zauna a Jamus ta gabas din har zuwa ranar tara ga watan Nuwamba na shekara ta alif (1989), shine Eric Singh. Haifaffen Afrika ta kudu, Singh ya tsera ne zuwa Jamus ta gabas daga Durban, domin ya kaura cewa gallazawa a ƙasar sa. 
Daga Berlin, Bonn ta gabas, dan gwagwarmayar na kungiyar ANC yaci gaba da nuna adawar sa ga mulkin wariya, inda har ma ya riƙa samun goyon baya da taimakon kuɗi daga.hukumomin wannan yanki. Harma bayan rushewar katangar ta Berlin, Eric Singh yaci gaba da zama a Berlin, inda a yanzu kuma yake tuna rayuwa a Jamus ta gabas da rushewar katangar **Berlin**. Shin ana iya cewa wannan hirar da manema labarai ya canza al'amuran duniya. Wannan dai tabbas haka yake, a bisa ra'ayin yan jarida da suka hallara, suka saurari jawabin Günter Schabowski, kakakin gwmanatin kwaminisanci ta Jamus ta gabas, ranar tara ga watan Nuwamba na shekara ta alif (1989), a Berlin ta gabas. A wannan rana, Schabowski ya sanar da matakan sassauta tafiye-tafiye zuwa kyetare ga yan Jamus ta gabas. Eric Singh ya halarci wannan taro na manema labarai, saboda daga can Berlin ta gabas ya rika aikawa mujallu dabam dabam sharhuna da rahotanni. Saboda haka ma Singh yace yayi imanin zai kasance cikin wadanda suka shaidar da wani al'amari na tarihi. Yace:

"Na bi wannan taro na yan jarida a tsanake kuma naji tambayar da Ricardo Ehrmann daga Italiya yayi, inda ya tambaye shi shin wani lokaci ne za'a bude iyakokin na Jamus ta gabas? Shi kuma Schabowski ya amsa da cewa yau".

Jim kadan kuwa bayan wannan hira da yan jaridu, wanda ma gidan television na hukumar ta nuna kai tsaye, aka fara samun yan Jamus ta gabas da suka yi kasadar zuwa kan iyakokin da suka raba tsakanin Berlin ta gabas da Berlin ta yamma. Masu tsaron kan iyakokin, wadanda ma tururuwar jama'a ta nemi fin karfin su, suka kyale jama'a su tsallaka zuwa dayan bangaren, wanda har ya zuwa wannan lokaci aka haramtawa yan Jamus. ta gabas shi. Nan da nan kuwa labarin haka ya watsu ko ina, inda jama'a suka rika cunkoso a wuraren kan iyaka a Berlin ta gabas, domin neman tsallkawa zuwa yamma da kuma samun yancin su. Ya zuwa tsadar dare aka bude dukkanin iyakokin, katangar Berlin ta zama sai labari. Shi kansa Eric Singh ya shaidar da wannan babban abu na tarihi ne a washegari, inda ya shiga jirgin kasa daga tashar Friedrichstrasse a Berlin ta gabas zuwa yankin Berlin ta yamma. Yace:

"Daga Friedrichstrasse na isa kan iyaka, inda na taras da dubban jama'a, musmaman matasa. Daga nan muka tsallaka kogin Spree zuwa Berlin ta yamma. Na kuma fahimci yadda dimbin jama'a sukai ta nuna bukatar su ta zuwa ga samun yanci, saboda ni kaina na kasa samun damar tserewa daga Afrika ta kudu lokacin da naso, saboda a matsayi na na dan gwagwarmaya adawa da wariya, bani da yancin fita zuwa ketare, saboda bani da paspo".

A yau, Eric Singh yana nuna matukar godiyar sa ga dukkanin taimako da goyon bayan da ya samu daga Jamus ta gabas kasar da a bana, shekaru ashirin kenan da bacewar ta. Yace duk da mummunan kasawar yankin a bangaren democradiya da kuma matakai masu tsanani kan yan adawa, amma Jamus ta gabas ta bada gudumuwa mai yawa a gwagwarmaya kan gwamnatin wariya ta Afrika ta kudu. 

Yace: A nan ko da shike mutane basu da yancin tafiye-tafiye yadda suka so, amma sun karbi wannan hali cikin kwanciyar hankali. Na kan tattauna haka din da matata ta, wdada ita ma yar Jamus ta gabas ce. Takan ce a da can nayi rayuwa ce ba tare da hatsaniya ba, amma ba haka abin yake ba a yanzu. Bayan da aka rushewa kasar, ta rasa aikin ta a matsayin mai fassara saboda wai ta tsufa. Ba kuwa ita kadai ba, jama'a da dama sun shiga irin wannan hali.

Yanzu Eric Singh yana zaune cikin farin ciki da jin dadi da matar sa a Berlin. Dan jaridar da yayi ritaya har yanzu yana da alaka ta kurkusa tare da Afrika ta kudu, kasar da tun bayan kawo karshen mulkin wariya yake mallakar paspo din ta.

* DW-World: Shekaru 20 da rushewar katangar Berlin
## Hotuna.

File:FFM HBF Frankfurt.jpg|Birnin Frankfurt na ƙasar
File:Berlin Mitte by night.JPG|Birnin Berlin na kasar
File:Cologne_cathedral_aerial_(25326253726)_(cropped).jpg|Cocin Cologne 
File:5 56 49 am .....a ship.jpg
File:Essen-Südviertel Luft.jpg|Essen-Südviertel Luft
File:Einsteinturm_7443.jpg|Hasumiyar Einsteinturn


## Tarihi
Babban labarin: Tarihin Jamus
Don jagorar tarihin lokaci, duba Timeline na tarihin Jamus.
Tarihi
Manyan labarai: Al'adun tukwane na Linear, Al'adun Unetice, Al'adun Urnfield, da Celts
Kakannin kakannin da suka riga sun zama dan Adam, Danuvius guggenmosi, wadanda suka kasance a Jamus sama da shekaru miliyan 11 da suka wuce, ana tunanin cewa suna cikin wadanda suka fara tafiya da kafafu biyu. Mutanen da sun kasance a Jamus aƙalla shekaru 600,000 da suka wuce. an gano burbushin ɗan adam na farko wanda ba na zamani ba (Neanderthal) a cikin kwarin Neander. Hakazalika an sami shedar kwanan wata na ɗan adam na zamani a cikin Swabian Jura, gami da sarewa na shekaru 42,000 waɗanda sune tsoffin kayan kida da aka taɓa samu,  Lion Man mai shekaru 40,000,   da Venus mai shekaru 41,000 na Hohle Fels.  

## Asalinta

Ƙarin bayani: Sunayen Jamus, Germani, da Jamusanci
Kalmar Ingilishi ta Jamus ta samo asali ne daga Latin Germania, wadda ta fara amfani da ita bayan Julius Caesar ya karbe ta ga mutanen gabashin Rhine. Kalmar Jamusanci Deutschland, asalin ƙasar diutisciu ('ƙasar Jamus'), ta samo asali ne daga deutsch (cf. Dutch), wanda ya fito daga tsohuwar diutsc na Jamus 'na mutane' (daga diot ko diota 'mutane'), asali ana amfani da su don bambanta harshen talakawa daga Latin da zuriyarsa na Romance. Wannan bi da bi ya fito daga Proto-Jamus * þiudiskaz 'na mutane' (duba kuma sigar Latinised Theodiscus), wanda aka samo daga * þeudo, ya fito daga Proto-Indo-Turai * tewtéh₂- 'mutane', daga inda kalmar Teuton kuma ta samo asali.

## kabilun jamus

Ana tsammanin al'ummar Jamusawa sun fito ne daga al'adun Jastorf a zamanin Nordic Bronze Age ko farkon zamanin Iron . Daga kudancin Scandinavia da arewacin Jamus, sun faɗaɗa kudu, gabas da yamma, suna hulɗa da kabilun Celtic, Iran, Baltic, da Slavic.   Jama'ar Celtic ne ke zaune a Kudancin Jamus, waɗanda suka kasance na al'adun La Tène mai faɗi. Daga baya sai mayaƙan Jamusawa suka haɗa su. 

A karkashin Augustus, daular Roma ta fara mamaye ƙasashen da ƙabilun Jamusawa ke zaune, wanda ya haifar da ɗan gajeren lokaci na lardin Roma na Jamus tsakanin kogin Rhine da Elbe. A cikin 9 AD, Arminius ya ci sojojin Roma uku a yakin dajin Teutoburg.     Sakamakon wannan yakin ya kawar da Romawa daga burinsu na cin Jamusanci, don haka ana daukar su daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da suka faru a tarihin Turai. .  A shekara ta 100 AD, lokacin da Tacitus ya rubuta Germania, kabilun Jamus sun zauna tare da Rhine da Danube (Limes Germanicus), suna mamaye yawancin Jamus na zamani.  Koyaya, Baden-Württemberg, kudancin Bavaria, kudancin Hesse da yammacin Rhineland an haɗa su cikin lardunan Roman.  

Kusan 260, jama'ar Jamus sun shiga cikin ƙasashen Romawa. Bayan mamayewa na Hun a cikin 375, kuma tare da raguwar Roma daga 395, kabilun Jamus sun koma kudu maso yamma: Franks sun kafa Mulkin Frankish kuma suka tura gabas don mamaye Saxony da Bavaria. Ƙabilun Slavic na Yamma suna zaune a yankunan gabashin Jamus na zamani.

## Manazarta