Takbir

**Takbir** (تَكْبِير, laƙabi [tak.biːr], "ɗaukaka [Allah]") shine jumlar larabci ***ʾAllāhu ʾakbaru*** (ٱللَّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ, furta [ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hu ʔak.baru], ma'ana "Allah shine mafi girma".

Magana ce ta Larabci gama-gari, wanda Musulmai da Larabawa suka yi amfani da shi a fannoni daban -daban: a cikin Sallah (addu’a), a cikin Adhan (kiran Musulunci zuwa sallah), azaman bayanin bangaskiya na yau da kullum, a lokutan wahala ko farin ciki, ko don bayyana ƙuduri ko ƙeta.

Kiristocin Larabawa ma suna amfani da jumlar.

## Tafsiri
Kalmar Larabci كَبِير (*kabīr*) tana nufin mai girma daga tushen Semitic k-b-r. Kalmar Larabci أَكْبَر (*ʾakbar*) ita ce sifar sifa (mafi girma) na sifar *kabīr*. Lokacin amfani dashi a cikin *Takbīr* galibi ana fassara shi *mafi girma*, amma wasu marubutan suna fassara shi mafi girma. Kalmar Takbīr da kanta ita ce jigon kalma na II na tushen triliteral *k-b-r*, ma'ana "babba", daga abin da aka samo akbar "babba". Siffar Allāhu shine zababben Allah, ma'ana 'Allah'.

## Amfani a cikin ayyukan addinin Musulunci

Musulmai suna karanta wannan jumlar a yanayi daban -daban. Misali, lokacin da suke farin ciki sosai, don bayyana yarda, don hana Musulmi yin girman kai ta hanyar tunatar da su cewa Allah shine tushen nasarar su, a matsayin kukan yaƙi, ko lokacin matsanancin damuwa. Ba a samun jumlar a cikin Alƙur'ani, wanda ba ya nufin Allah a matsayin *akbar*, amma yana amfani da sunan *al-Kabīr* "Babban" ko *Kabīr "Babban"*, wanda aka saba fassara shi da "Mafi Girma" (13: 9, 31:30) , 22:62, 34:23, 40:12, 4:34).

### Cikin sallah
An faɗi jumlar a kowane matakin sallar biyu (sallolin farilla, ana yin su sau biyar a rana), da nafila (sallolin nafila, ana yin su yadda ake so). Kiran da musulmi yayi zuwa sallah (*adhan)* ta *muezzin* da fara sallah (*iqama*) shima yana dauke da jumlar.

Duk da cewa akwai gajerun addu'o'i kamarsa, yin amfani da takbi ya fi kowacce gajeriyar sallah.

### Bayan haihuwa da mutuwa
Ana amfani da jumlar bayan haihuwar yaro a matsayin hanyar yabon Allah. Hakanan wani bangare ne na jana'izar Musulunci da al'adun jana'iza.

### Yayin Bukukuwan Idi da Aikin Hajji
A lokacin bukukuwan Eid al-Adha da kwanakin da ke gabanta, Musulmai suna karanta Takbīr. Musamman abin da ya faru a ranar Arafah.

### A lokacin yanka dabbobi na halal
Tsarin furta sunan Allah yayin yin Dhabihah dole ne mutum yace "Bismillah Allahu Akbar".

## Sauran amfanin zamantakewa

Ana iya amfani da kalmar "Allahu Akbar" a yanayi daban -daban, daga bukukuwa zuwa lokutan baƙin ciki.

A cikin tarihin wani wanda ya kasance a wurin haihuwar Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr da kuma jana'izarsa, marubucin ya lura cewa an faɗi "Allahu Akbar" a lokuta biyu.

### A lokutan wahala
A wasu lokuta ana amfani da kalmar a lokacin wahala.

Kafin Garuda Indonesia Flight 152 ya faɗa cikin daji kusa da Medan, Indonesia, matukin jirgin ya yi kururuwa *"Aaaaaaah! Allāhu akbar"* a cikin rediyonsa. Dangane da rubutacciyar hanyar sadarwa ta rediyo, tattaunawar matukin jirgin tare da mai sarrafa iska ya kasance cikin Ingilishi, amma kalmominsa na ƙarshe sune takbir yayin da jirgin ya faɗi a ranar 26 ga Satumba, 1997, inda ya kashe mutane 234 da ke cikin hatsarin mafi muni a Indonesia. An yi zargin cewa wataƙila hatsarin ya faru ne saboda rashin daidaituwa ko gazawar injin injin turbin da hayaƙin da ke cikin gida ya haifar sakamakon gobarar daji.

### A lokutan farin ciki da godiya
Ana iya amfani da Takbir don nuna farin ciki ko mamaki. Hakanan ana amfani dashi azaman tafi a cikin abubuwan addini, kamar bayan karatun Al -Qur'ani, kamar yadda ake ganin sauran nau'ikan tafi ba su dace ba.

Lokacin da aka gano Reshma Begum da rai kwanaki 17 bayan rushewar ginin Savar na 2013 a Bangladesh wanda ya kashe mutane 1129, taron jama'a sun yi kukan murna tare da fadin *"Allāhu akbar"* don nuna farin cikin su da godiya cewa ta tsira.

A matsayin jumla mai ma'ana iri-iri, wani lokaci masu sharhin kwallon kafa na Larabawa kan yi amfani da ita azaman abin mamaki, ko ma a matsayin waƙar ƙwallon ƙafa.

### A cikin fadace -fadace
An yi amfani da shi a tarihi azaman kukan yaƙi yayin yaƙi. Tarihin Ibn Ishaq na Mohammed ya ba da labarin aƙalla abubuwa biyu da aka yi amfani da jumlar a ciki.

"Lokacin da manzon ya kai hari kan mutane sai ya jira har gari ya waye. Idan ya ji kiran sallah 'sai ya ja da baya; idan bai ji ba ya kai hari. Mun zo Khaybar da dare, kuma manzon ya kwana a can; kuma lokacin da gari ya waye bai ji kiran sallah ba, 'don haka ya hau muka hau tare da shi, ni kuma na hau bayan Abii Talba da kafafuna na taba kafafar manzo. Mun sadu da ma'aikatan Khaybar suna fitowa da safe da kwandunansu da kwanduna. Lokacin da suka ga manzon da runduna sai suka yi kira, `` Muhammadu da ƙarfinsa,  suka juya wutsiya suka gudu. Manzon ya ce, 'Allahu akbar! An lalata Khaybar. Lokacin da muka isa dandalin mutane mugun safiya ne ga waɗanda aka yi wa gargaɗi. '"(Shafi na 511)" Don haka sai ya sauka daga kan dokinsa ya zo wurinsa sannan Ali ya ci gaba da garkuwarsa. `` Amr ya yi nufin busa wanda ya yanke cikin garkuwar sosai har takuba ta makale a ciki ta buga kansa. Amma Ali ya yi masa rauni a jijiya a gindin wuyansa sai ya fadi kasa. Ƙura ta tashi sai manzon ya ji kukan, 'Allahu Akbar' kuma ya san cewa Ali ya kashe shi. "(Shafi na 456)

### Zanga -zanga
A lokacin Juyin Juya Halin Iran na 1979, an yi ihu daga saman bene a Iran a cikin maraice a matsayin wani nau'in zanga -zanga. Wannan al'ada ta dawo a cikin zanga -zangar zaben shugaban kasar Iran na 2009, wanda ya nuna rashin amincewa da sakamakon zaben.

### Amfani da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da 'yan ta'adda
A wasu lokutan ana amfani da jumlar azaman kukan yaƙi na masu tsattsauran ra'ayin Musulmi. Sauran Musulmai sun yi tir da wannan amfani.

Farfesa Khaled A. Beydoun ya rubuta cewa danganta kalmar da "Allah Akbar" tare da ta'addanci ta ƙara kazancewa ta kafofin yaɗa labarai da talabijin. Ya yi nuni da cewa fina -finan almara da wasan kwaikwayon suma suna amfani da shi azaman wasan kwaikwayo na fim wanda ke ƙara haɓaka ƙungiyar.

### Amfani da Kiristoci
Har ila yau kalmar tana amfani da Kiristocin da ke magana da Larabci; Ana fassara “Allah” da “Allah” da Larabci. Hakanan ana amfani da wannan jumlar a cikin yanayin liturgical tsakanin Kiristocin Orthodox na Falasdinawa, kuma Archbishop na Sebastia, Theodosios ya kare shi.

## A tutoci
An rubuta jimlar *Allāhu akbar* a tsakiyar tutar Iraki, sau 22 a kan iyakokin farar fata ta tsakiya akan tutar Iran.

### Iraq
A lokacin yakin Gulf a watan Janairun 1991, Saddam Hussein ya gudanar da taro tare da manyan kwamandojin soji, inda aka yanke shawarar ƙara kalmomin Allāhu akbar (wanda aka bayyana a matsayin kukan yaƙin Musulunci) a cikin tutar Iraki don haɓaka martabar addininsa na mulkinsa, yana jefa kansa a matsayin shugaban sojojin musulunci. Hussein ya bayyana tutar a matsayin "tutar jihadi da tauhidi".

A cikin 2004, Majalisar Mulkin Iraki da Amurka ta zaɓa ta amince da sabon tutar Iraki wanda ya watsar da alamomin mulkin Husaini, kamar kalmomin *Allāhu akbar*. Amma a cikin watan Janairun 2008, majalisar dokokin Iraki ta zartar da dokar sauya tutar ta hanyar barin cikin jumla, amma canza kiran rubutun kalmomin *Allāhu akbar*, wanda ya kasance kwafin rubutun Hussein, zuwa rubutun Kufic. Tutar Iraqi karkashin Husain tana da kowanne daga cikin kalmomin biyu na jumlar da aka rubuta a ɗaya daga cikin sarari tsakanin taurari akan ƙungiya ta tsakiya; tutar 2008, yayin barin kalmar a ciki, tana cire taurari.

### Sauran ƙasashe
An rubuta jumlar *Allāhu akbar* a kan tutar Iran, kamar yadda doka ta 18 ta kundin tsarin mulkin Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran ta buƙata. Wannan jimlar ta bayyana sau 22 a tutar.

Tsarin mulkin Afghanistan wanda ya fara aiki a ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2004, ya buƙaci a rubuta Allāhu akbar a kan tutar Afghanistan.

Yunƙurin gwagwarmaya da yaƙi mulkin Biritaniya a Waziristan, Pakistan, wanda Riv ke jagoranta a cikin 1930s, ya yi amfani da jan tutar da ke ɗauke da *Allāhu akbar* cikin fararen haruffa.
File:Flag of Afghanistan.svg|Tsohon Tutar Afghanistan, tare da jumlar ƙarƙashin Shahada
File:Flag of Iraq.svg|Tutar Iraki, tare da rubutun Kufic mai salo, wanda aka gabatar a cikin 2008
File:Flag of Iran.svg|Tutar Iran, wacce aka gabatar a shekarar 1980
File:Flag of Waziristan resistance (1930s).svg|Tutar 1930s Waziristan (Pakistan) motsi
File:Flag_of_Rahmanland_(Rohingya).png|Tutar Rohingya (an rubuta Allahu Akbar)


## Duba kuma

* Zikiri
* Tasbih
* Tahmid
* Tahlil
* Tasmiyah
* Salawat

## Manazarta


### Littattafai
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