Siege na Madjoari

**Siege na Madjoari** ya fara ne a watan Fabrairun 2021 kuma ya kasance har zuwa 25 ga Mayu, 2022, a matsayin wani ɓangare na tawaye na jihadi a Burkina Faso. Jihadists daga Ansarul Islam da Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin sun fara kai hari kan birnin, wanda Sojojin Burkinabe da masu sa kai na gwamnati ke sarrafawa don kare gida (VDP), kuma sun yi kwanton bauna da sojojin Burkinabe kuma sun yanke layin samarwa. Fararen hula a Madjoari sun yi yunwa, kuma kusan dukkansu sun gudu zuwa wasu wurare a Burkina Faso ko Benin. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2022, yayin da kewaye ya ƙare, masu jihadi sun mamaye sansanin soja na Burkinabe sannan suka kashe fararen hula sama da hamsin da suka tsere a kisan kiyashin Singou.

## Tarihi
Tun daga shekara ta 2015, Burkina Faso ta shiga cikin tawaye da Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin da ke Mali, Daular Islama da ke Nijar a cikin Babban Sahara (ISGS), da kuma Burkinabe Ansarul Islam. Wadannan kungiyoyin masu tayar da kayar baya sun fara kewaye garuruwan da gwamnati ke sarrafawa tun daga Arbinda a cikin 2019, kuma a farkon 2022 yawancin garuruwa, gami da manyan biranen larduna, suna ƙarƙashin kewaye da JNIM da Ansarul Islam. Sieges ya zama hanyar aiki na waɗannan kungiyoyi tun daga 2022, kuma masu jihadi galibi suna kai hari ga fararen hula da ke tserewa daga yankuna yayin da suke hana kayayyaki da abinci shiga da fita.

A farkon shekarun 2020, JNIM, Ansarul Islam, da ISGS sun fadada zuwa kudu maso gabashin Burkina Faso bayan sun mai da hankali ne a arewa da arewa maso gabas na tsawon shekaru. Lokacin da JNIM ta fara fadada zuwa kudu maso gabas, sun yi amfani da dabarar kewaye don ƙirƙirar yankuna masu kariya ga mazauna da suka rasa muhallinsu don kada su mallaki mazauna da yawa a yankin. Lokacin da kewaye da Madjoari ya fara a watan Fabrairun 2021, ƙauyuka da yawa a cikin Sashen Madjoari sun riga sun kasance ƙarƙashin ikon JNIM.

### Gudun farar hula da farawa (Fabrairu 2021 - Mayu 2022)
Kafin kewaye, Madjoari tana da yawan jama'a tsakanin 14,000 da 15,000. Amnesty International ta fara kewayewa a watan Fabrairun 2021, kodayake wani mai zanga-zangar adawa da kewaye da VOA Africa ya yi hira da shi ya bayyana a watan Yulin 2021 cewa garin ya riga ya kasance a karkashin kewaye sama da shekara guda. A ranar 29 ga Yuni, 2021, masu jihadi sun ba da ultimatum ga shugaban Madjoari cewa idan yawan mutanen garin ba su gudu ba, masu jihadi za su lalata garin da kowa da kowa da ke ciki. A cikin ultimatum, masu jihadi sun yi barazanar fashewar gadar Singou da ke haɗa garin da Kompienga, babban birnin Lardin Kompienga inda Madjoari yake.

Ya zuwa watan Yulin 2021, mazauna dubu ne kawai na Madjoari suka rage daga cikin asalin 15,000 ko makamancin haka. Madjoari da garin Tambarga da ke kusa da su ne kawai wurare biyu da ba a karkashin ikon jihadi kai tsaye ba. Mazauna da yawa sun tsere a fadin iyaka zuwa Benin. A ranar 22 ga watan Yulin, wani sojan Burkinabe ya kashe shi ta hanyar IED yayin wani aiki a cikin gandun daji da ke kusa da Madjoari. Sauran sojoji biyu sun ji rauni a fashewar. A cikin sauran 2021 da rabi na farko na 2022, JNIM da Ansarul Islam sun ci gaba da kai hare-hare kan fararen hula da sojoji a Madjoari, tare da ACLED ta kwatanta sashen Madjoari a matsayin "mafi girman yankin da JNIM ta kafa".

### Ƙarfafawa
JNIM da Ansarul Islam sun kara tsananta hare-haren da suka kai wa Madjoari a farkon watan Mayu 2022. A ranar 14 ga watan Mayu, masu jihadi sun shiga garin kuma sun kashe mutane goma sha bakwai. Kwanaki biyar bayan haka a ranar 19 ga Mayu, sun jagoranci hari kan sansanin soja na Burkinabe a Madjoari, wanda sojojin Burkinabe da 'yan bindiga na VDP suka yi aiki. An fara harbe tushe da farko, sannan harin ya fara da fada mai tsanani. Sojojin Burkinabe 11 sun mutu a yakin, kuma wasu ashirin sun ji rauni. Jiragen saman Burkinabe da ke jefa bam a yankin sun dakatar da yakin, sun tilasta wa masu jihadi su koma baya kuma su kashe kimanin mayakan goma sha biyar. Duk da haka, masu jihadi sun sami damar mamaye sansanin soja wanda jami'an Burkinabe suka kira "garkuwa ta ƙarshe" na sashen.

Bayan yakin a sansanin soja, kusan fararen hula 900 sun kasance a Madjoari. Koyaya, sauran fararen hula sun gudu a cikin mako mai zuwa, wasu kwashewar da sauran sojojin Burkinabe da VDP suka shirya. A ranar 25 ga Mayu, 2022, masu jihadi sun sace mutane sama da hamsin da ke tserewa Madjoari da Tambarga a kan wata hanya a waje da birnin kusa da Singou. 'Yan gudun hijirar suna gudu zuwa Nadiagou. Dukkanin wadanda abin ya shafa maza ne, galibi samari ne, kuma masu jihadi sun kai su cikin daji kuma sun harbe su. Mata, yara, da tsofaffi ne kawai aka kare, kodayake akwai hudu kawai a cikin rukuni don farawa. Wani wanda ya tsira daga kewaye da kisan kiyashi ya bayyana cewa kusan fararen hula hamsin sun ɓace. Wani wanda ya tsira daga kewaye ya kara da cewa kisan kiyashi shine ramuwar gayya ga gazawar jihadi don kama dukkan Madjoari yayin da suka kai hari kan tushe. Jihadists sun yi taro a ƙauyuka a cikin sashen, suna neman ɗaukar fansa ga mutuwar abokan aikinsu saba'in da aka kashe a lokacin yakin.

## Manazarta