George Hackenschmidt

Georg Karl Julius Hackenschmidt (Rashanci: Георгий Георгиевич Гаккеншми́дт, an fassara shi da roman: Georgiy Georgiyevich Gakkenshmídt;[1] 1 ga Agusta 1877[2] – 19 ga Fabrairu 1968), wanda aka fi sani da George Hackenschmidt a cikin wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi, ɗan ƙasar Estonia ne [3][undefined][4], ɗan kokawa mai son kuma ƙwararre, marubuci, kuma masanin falsafar wasanni. An san shi a matsayin zakaran kokawa na farko a duniya na masu nauyi.[3][5][6]

Hackenschmidt ya fara aikin sana'arsa a Tallinn (Reval), Estonia (sa'an nan kuma wani ɓangare na Daular Rasha), kuma bayan gasar 1899 a Paris ana kiransa sau da yawa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai da sunan "The Russian Lion". Ya rayu mafi yawan shekarunsa na tsakiya kuma daga baya ya rayu a London, Ingila, ya zama dan Birtaniya bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.

An yi imanin cewa shi ne mahaliccin gwagwarmayar gwagwarmaya ta kwararru da kuma mutumin da ya shahara da hack squat; Bugu da ƙari, Hackenschmidt kuma an danganta shi a matsayin mahaliccin bench press. An san shi da ƙarfinsa mai ban sha'awa, lafiya, da sassauci. Daga baya a rayuwa, ya rubuta littattafai da yawa game da al'adun jiki, horo da falsafar.

## Rayuwa ta farko

An haifi Hackenschmidt a ranar 1 ga Agusta  (20 ga Yuli [ ] 1877) a Tartu (Dorpat), Estonian, inda ya zauna tare da iyayensa, Baltic German Georg Friedrich Heinrich Hackenschmidт (an haife shi 1847 ) da Ida Louise Johansson, wanda ya fito ne daga Estonia   da kuma asalin Sweden.  Yana da ƙaramin ɗan'uwa, Bruno, da 'yar'uwa Alice. Daga baya ya ce babu wani daga cikin iyayensa da ke da ƙarfi sosai ko kuma yana da halaye na jiki, kodayake an ce kakan mahaifiyarsa ya kasance mutum ne mai girma da iko. Kakan mahaifinsa, Christian Philipp Hackenschmidt, mai ba da gudummawa na Prussian, ya yarda da zama ɗan ƙasar Rasha tare da matarsa a 1845; ya mutu game da 1881-1882. 

Tun daga farkon shekarunsa, Hackenschmidt ya ba da kansa ga ci gaban jiki, musamman a makarantar Real ta Jamus (Dorpater Realschule), inda ya yi amfani da dakin motsa jiki. Ya yi fice a cikin *gorodki*, keken keke, wasan motsa jiki, yin iyo, gudu, tsalle da ɗaga nauyi. Ayyukansa na ƙarfi sun ba malamansa mamaki, saboda zai iya ɗaga ƙaramin doki daga ƙasa kuma ya ɗaga fam 276 sama da hannu ɗaya. A cikin gadar mai kokawa, zai iya jan barbell na 335-pound daga ƙasa zuwa kirjinsa kuma ya matsa shi a sama, yana kan wuyansa. Ya kafa rikodin da yawa a cikin ɗaga nauyi kuma an dauke shi mutum mafi ƙarfi da mafi kyawun mutum a duniya.

Graduating from school in 1895, he started working at a large engineering factory in Tallinn (Reval) as a blacksmith's apprentice. He joined the city's Athletic and Cycling Club, becoming an ardent cyclist and winning prizes, but also developed a keen interest in wrestling and weight lifting. The turning point in his life came in 1896 when another Estonian, Georg Lurich, a Greco-Roman wrestler and strongman, toured in Tallinn with a small troupe, challenging any and all comers. Hackenschmidt took up the challenge and was beaten. German wrestler Fritz Konietzko came to Tallinn in 1897, and Hackenschmidt fared better.&#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Ayyukan gwagwarmaya na sana'a
A ƙarshen 1897-farkon 1898, Hackenschmidt ya sami karamin rauni a hannu a masana'antar kuma ya tuntubi likita wanda ya saba da Dokta Vladislav Krajewski, wanda ke cikin hidimar Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas II na Rasha. Krajewski shine wanda ya kafa kungiyar Saint Petersburg Athletic and Cycling Club, tare da Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich a matsayin shugaban kasa. Yayinda yake lura da hannun Hackenschmidt, Krajewski ya lura da jikin ɗan wasan kuma ya gayyace shi zuwa Saint Petersburg kuma ya ba da damar zama tare da shi, yayin da ya ga a cikinsa damar zama ƙwararren mai kokawa. Krajewski ya horar da Georg Lurich na ɗan lokaci kuma ya gaya wa Hackenschmidt cewa yana da damar zama mutum mafi ƙarfi a duniya.

Duk da rashin amincewar iyayensa, Hackenschmidt ya tafi Saint Petersburg a cikin bazara na 1898. A shekara ta 1898, Hackenschmidt ya horar da shi a Krajewski kuma Count Georges de Ribeaupierre ya goyi bayan shi. A watan Afrilu, kulob din ya shirya gasa a cikin nauyin nauyi don taken zakaran Rasha, wanda Hackenschmidt ya lashe. A ƙarshen watan Afrilu, a Saint Petersburg ya ci mai kokawa na Faransa Paul Pons a cikin minti 45. A shirye-shiryen yin wasan kwaikwayo a gaban masu sauraro, Krajewski ya aika Hackenschmidt zuwa Riga, inda ya yi aiki a ƙarƙashin sunan da aka ɗauka a matsayin mai ɗaukar nauyi da mai kokawa. A wannan lokacin Hackenschmidt har yanzu ya lura da rashin dabarar kokawa, wanda ya biya da ƙarfi. A lokacin rani na shekara ta 1898, Hackenschmidt ya yi tafiya zuwa Vienna don yin gasa a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya da Gasar Ciniki ta Turai, waɗanda aka gudanar tare. Gasar ɗaga nauyi ta kasance decathlon (al'amuran goma da suka kunshi: ƙwace hannu ɗaya, matsewa a lokaci guda na dumbbells biyu, matsewar hannu ɗaya a cikin salon soja, matse hannu ɗaya a salon straddling, matse hannun ɗaya a cikin style soja tare da 50.2 kg, matse na hannu ɗaya a ci gaba a cikin salon stradding tare da 50.2, matsewar hannaye biyu, matsa hannu biyu a hannu biyu a ci gaba ɗaya a cikin tsarin soja tare da 100 kg), tare da Hackenschmidt yana ɗaukar matsayi na uku gaba ɗaya. Gasar gwagwarmayar ta kasance gasa ce mai budewa a cikin salon Greco-Roman, tare da Hackenschmidt ya lashe gasar.

A watan Janairun shekara ta 1899, dole ne ya yi aiki a cikin sojoji: an sanya shi a cikin Preobrazhensky Regiment . An sake shi watanni biyar bayan haka, a ranar 16 ga Mayu na wannan shekarar Hackenschmidt ya ci Alexander von Schmelling a cikin gwagwarmaya don taken zakaran Rasha na 1899. A ranar 19 ga Mayu ya sake kayar da von Schmelling kuma ya zama zakaran Rasha na shekara ta 1899. A watan Satumba, duk da raunin hannu, Hackenschmidt ya yi tafiya zuwa Paris don Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya. A can ne ya sami sunansa, "Zaki na Rasha". Bayan 'yan wasanni, ya kara rauni kuma ya koma gida. Likitoci sun kula da shi ta hanyar lantarki na watanni shida, amma ya yi lahani fiye da kyau.

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 1900 Hackenschmidt ya koma horo na nauyi. A watan Yulin 1900, Hackenschmidt ya shiga gasar kokawa ta kwana arba'in a Moscow, inda ya fara fitowa a matsayin mai kokawa a Rasha. Ya yi gasa don kyaututtuka biyu, kuma ya lashe duka biyun, ya zama zakaran Moscow da Saint Petersburg. A lokacin gasar ya yi gasa kusan yau da kullun da abokan adawar 3-5. A gasar Chemnitz, Hackenschmidt ya sadu da Lurich a karo na farko a cikin sana'arsa. A cewar tunanin Hackenschmidt, Lurich ya yi alfahari da nasarorin da ya samu a baya. Wannan ya sa Georg ya kalubalanci Lurich zuwa wasa, wanda yawanci bai taba yi ba. Lokacin da Hackenschmidt ya hau mataki, Lurich ya gudu a bayan fage. Kashegari Lurich ya bar Chemnitz.[1]

A watan Maris na shekara ta 1901, Hackenschmidt ya sha wahala daga mutuwar mai ba da shawara Krajewski, wanda ya yi la'akari da mahaifinsa na biyu. A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 1901, an bude gasar zakarun duniya a Casino de Paris tare da masu kokawa 130. Hackenschmidt ya lashe matsayi na farko, ya sami lambobin zinare guda biyu (don gasar nauyi mai sauƙi da gasar nauyi mai nauyi) da kuma 3000 francs. Bayan haka Georg ya tafi garin Alsleben ga mai horar da shi Siebert, wanda ya taimaka masa ya sami nauyi, wanda ya sauka saboda jadawalin nauyi. A wannan lokacin, ya yi tsalle sau 100 a kan tebur tare da ƙafafunsa a ɗaure tare. Ya lashe gasa a duk inda ya yi kokawa, kuma ya zagaya Ingila a 1903 wanda mai ban sha'awa C. B. Cochran ya jagoranta don fuskantar mafi kyawun masu kokawa na kasar a cikin salon kama-kamar kama-can wanda ke sake samun shahara. Sun kirkiro babban zauren kiɗa a cikin gwagwarmayar ƙwararru, kuma Hackenschmidt ya zama babban tauraro da katin zane. Ya yi kokawa a cikin dakunan wasan kwaikwayo, dakunan kiɗa da wuraren wasan kwaikwayo. Yayin da gwagwarmayar ta ci gaba a Ingila kuma masu gwagwarmaya sun zo daga ko'ina cikin duniya don manyan gasa da suka zama fushi, ya kasance mai rinjaye, yana kayar da kowane mutum da ya sadu da shi. Cochran ya goge aikinsa har sai Hackenschmidt ya zama babban abin jan hankali. Zai iya ɗaukar masu gwagwarmaya biyar a wannan maraice, ya kayar da su duka.

Kyakkyawan da kuma gina shi sosai, Hackenschmidt mata ne ke bauta masa kuma maza ne ke sha'awarsa. Da kansa saurayi ne mai magana da taushi, mai al'adu da ilimi, zai iya magana da harsuna bakwai sosai kuma ya zama sanannen marubuci, mai magana da falsafa. Shugaban Amurka Theodore Roosevelt, shi kansa mai goyon bayan al'adun jiki da motsa jiki, ya yi shelar, "Idan ban kasance shugaban Amurka ba, ina so in zama George Hackenschmidt".

## Manazarta