Roy Bergengren

**Roy F. Bergengren** (14 ga Yuni, 1879 - 11 ga Nuwamba, 1955) lauya ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka kuma majagaba a ƙungiyar ba da lamuni ta Amurka. Edward Filene ya ɗauke shi aiki a watan Yulin 1921 don ya jagoranci Ofishin Fadada Ƙasa na Ƙungiyar Ba da Lamuni ta Ƙasa,  Bergengren ya aiwatar da wani babban ajanda na majalisa wanda ya haifar da aiwatar da Dokar Ƙungiyar Ba da Lamuni ta Tarayya, ƙirƙirar Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙungiyar Ba da Lamuni ta Ƙasa (CUNA), da kuma kafa dubban ƙungiyoyin ba da lamuni a faɗin Amurka.

## Farkon aikina
An horar da Bergengren a matsayin lauya kuma a shekarar 1914 aka zaɓe shi Kwamishinan Kuɗi a Lynn, Massachusetts .  Ya halarci Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya kuma bai gamsu da aikinsa na lauyan talauci ba kafin ya haɗu da Edward Filene, wani ɗan kasuwa mai nasara a Massachusetts kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin rance. A shekarar 1920, an ɗauki Bergengren aiki don jagorantar Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Ba da Lamuni ta Massachusetts inda ya haɓaka ci gaban ƙungiyoyin ba da lamuni. Massachusetts ta ɗauki sabbin ƙungiyoyin ba da lamuni 19 a shekara mai zuwa. Filene ya sami Roy Bergengren a matsayin babban mai shirya ƙungiyar ba da lamuni a Amurka. Tare da Filene, Bergengren ya kafa Ofishin Fadada Ƙasa na Ƙungiyar Ba da Lamuni ta Credit Union a shekarar 1921 don yin aiki don kafa dokokin ƙungiyar ba da lamuni a duk jihohi da kuma a matakin tarayya. Filene ya zuba fiye da dala miliyan 1 na kuɗinsa a cikin aikin.

## Ofishin Fadada Ƙasa na Ƙungiyar Ba da Lamuni
Ma'aikata da yawa na Amurkawa ba su da damar samun lamuni lokacin da suke buƙatar su kuma sun faɗa cikin tarkon riba da kuma masu ba da lamuni .  Bergengren da Filene sun gabatar da ƙungiyoyin ba da lamuni a matsayin mafita. Ofishin Tsarawa, wanda Bergengren shine babban sakatarensa, yana da manufofi huɗu:

1. kawo dokokin da ake buƙata don haɓaka ƙungiyar ba da lamuni a jihohi daban-daban, 2. daga baya, a tsara wasu ƙungiyoyin ba da lamuni a kowace jiha waɗanda za su iya zama misali ga wasu, 3. faɗaɗa adadin ƙungiyoyin ba da lamuni har zuwa inda za su iya ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyin tarayya na jihohi masu dorewa, da kuma 4. haɗa ƙungiyoyin tarayya zuwa ƙungiyar ƙasa mai dorewa. 

A watan Yunin 1924, Ofishin Fadadawa ya fara buga *The Bridge*, wani abu da ya fara zama *mujallar Credit Union* wanda Bergengren ne editan ta. Bergengren ya yi tafiya zuwa ƙasar kuma ya halarci tarurrukan masu shirya ƙungiyar bashi. Bergengren ya bayyana a gaban 'yan majalisar dokoki na jihar kuma ya ɗauki masu shirya sa kai. Ya kasance mai baiwar magana kuma ya gabatar da jawabai masu daɗi.Ainihin aikin ƙungiyar ba da lamuni shine tabbatar da, a cikin ƙaramin ma'auni, da amfani da 'yan'uwantaka tsakanin mutane.An zartar da dokoki kuma Ofishin Tsawaita Ayyukan ya fara cimma burinsa. Lokacin da Bergengren ya fara abin da ya kira "yaƙin neman zaɓensa," ƙungiyoyin ba da lamuni 199 ne kawai suka kasance a Amurka. Zuwa shekarar 1925, jihohi 15 sun zartar da dokokin ƙungiyar ba da lamuni kuma ƙungiyoyin ba da lamuni 419 suna aiki ga mambobi 108,000.

Haɗin gwiwar da ke tsakanin Bergengren da Filene, da kuma aikin Ofishin Tsawaita, ya yi tasiri sosai. Ya kawo cikas ga dokokin jiha a jihohi 26 kuma ya sake fasalin tsarin shari'a masu inganci a wasu 5. A shekarar 1934, Gwamnatin Roosevelt ta zartar da Dokar Tarayyar Ba da Lamuni ta Tarayya, wanda hakan ya ba da damar kafa ƙungiyar ba da lamuni a ko'ina a Amurka.

Ofishin Tsawaita Harkokin Watsa Labarai ya kasance abin koyi ga ayyuka da yawa da suka shafi ci gaban ƙasashen duniya da ƙananan kuɗaɗen shiga . Duk da haka, bayan muhawarar da har yanzu ke ci gaba, ra'ayoyin Filene da Bergengren sun bambanta kan muhimman batutuwa guda biyu.

Da farko, Bergengren ya yi imanin cewa Hukumar Fadadawa ya kamata ta yi ƙoƙarin tabbatar da dokokin tarayya da farko, maimakon yin aiki a jihohi daban-daban. Filene ya yi nasara a wannan muhawarar, yana mai cewa ya kamata a kafa dokar ƙasa bisa fahimtar yanayi daban-daban na mutane a faɗin Amurka - tun daga masunta jatan lande a Louisiana, zuwa ma'aikatan masana'antu a Massachusetts ko manoma a tsakiyar Yamma. Sai ta hanyar ƙirƙirar dokokin jiha da yawa da farko za a iya samun irin wannan fahimtar ƙasa mai kyau. 

Na biyu, yayin da Babban Matsalar Tattalin Arziki da aka kafa a Kamfanin Kuɗi na Sake Ginawa a ƙarƙashin Shugaba Hoover ya nemi ƙarfafa tattalin arziki ta hanyar ba da lamuni mai laushi wanda aka yi niyya ga bankuna, layin dogo da manyan kamfanoni. Filene ya fi son neman dala miliyan 100 a cikin lamunin sake ginawa don a saka su cikin ƙungiyoyin ba da lamuni. Bergengren ya yi adawa da wannan matsayin sosai, kuma ra'ayinsa ya yi nasara a wannan karon. "A gare shi, yana nufin lalata muhimmin ƙa'idar dukkan motsi ta hanyar mayar da kasuwancin al'umma zuwa wata hukuma ta gwamnati. Koyar da mutane yadda za su taimaki kansu ya fi mahimmanci a lokutan baƙin ciki fiye da kowane lokaci." 

## Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙungiyar Ba da Lamuni
Da kammala aikin Ofishin, an kira taron ƙasa na shugabannin ƙungiyar ba da lamuni a Estes Park, Colorado . A cikin wata wasiƙa da Bergengren ya rubuta, "Ina da yakinin cewa abin da za mu yi a Estes Park zai haifar da sakamako mai ban mamaki." A ranar 11 ga Agusta, 1934, Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙungiyar Ba da Lamuni (CUNA)&nbsp;– ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙungiyoyin ba da lamuni na ƙasar ke ɗaukar nauyinta&nbsp;– an kafa shi ne don maye gurbin Ofishin.

An nada Bergengren a matsayin manajan darakta na sabuwar ƙungiyar CUNA da aka kafa kuma a shekarar 1937, ƙungiyoyin ba da lamuni 6400 tare da mambobi miliyan 1.5 sun kasance suna aiki a jihohi 45. 

An tilasta wa Bergengren yin murabus daga CUNA a shekarar 1945 bayan wani mummunan rikici na cikin gida, daga baya ya koma Vermont, inda ya jagoranci ƙungiyar League ta jihar har zuwa mutuwarsa.  Yana da sha'awar ƙungiyoyin ba da lamuni na duniya musamman, kuma, shekara guda kafin mutuwarsa, Bergengren ya shawo kan daraktocin CUNA su kafa sashen faɗaɗa duniya.

## Gado
Tsayin Bergengren da jajircewarsa sun haifar da yaɗuwar ƙungiyoyin ba da lamuni a faɗin Amurka. A ƙarshen shekarar 2008, ƙungiyoyin ba da lamuni na Amurka suna da mambobi miliyan 89. Wannan ita ce mafi girman mambobi a kowace ƙasa a duniya, kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan matakan shiga kasuwa a duniya. An shigar da Bergengren cikin Ƙungiyar Ba da Lamuni ta Haɗin gwiwa a shekarar 1979. An sanya wa ƙungiyar ba da lamuni a Nova Scotia suna a matsayinsa na ƙungiyar ba da lamuni kamar yadda aka sanya wa wata kyauta daga CUNA Mutual Group .

## Littattafan tarihi

* *Ƙungiyar Ba da Lamuni*, Jaridar Beekman Hill Press, 1931
* *Mu Mutane*, Kamfanin Stratford, 1932
* *CUNA Emerges*, Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙungiyar Ba da Lamuni, 1935
* *Soul*, Jaridar Cantwell Press, 1938
* *Yaƙin da Bayan haka*, Kamfanin Bugawa na Straus, 1942
* *Ina Magana ne a madadin Joe Doakes*, Harper & Brothers, 1945
* *Yaƙin Yaƙin Dimokuraɗiyya na Tattalin Arziki a Arewacin Amurka, 1921-1945*, Exposition Press, 1952

## Manazarta