Yanayin tattalin arziki

**Yanayin tattalin arziki** shine ɓangaren Yanayin ɗan adam wanda ke nazarin ayyukan tattalin arziki da abubuwan da ke shafar shi. Hakanan ana iya la'akari da shi a matsayin yanki ko hanya a cikin tattalin arziki.

Yanayin tattalin arziki yana ɗaukar hanyoyi daban-daban ga batutuwa daban-daban, gami da wurin masana'antu, tattalin arzikin ƙauyuka (wanda aka fi sani da "haɗin kai"), sufuri, cinikayya ta dukiya, ci gaba, ƙasa, gentrification, tattalin arzikashin kabilanci, tattalin arzobin jinsi, ka'idar tsakiya, tattalin arzukan birane, alaƙar da ke tsakanin muhalli da tattalin arziki (haɗe cikin dogon tarihin masu ilimin ƙasa da ke nazarin hulɗar al'adu da muhalli), da duniya.

## Tushen ka'idoji da tasiri
Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban a fannin ka'idar wuri. Masu ilimin wuri na Neoclassical, suna bin al'adar Alfred Weber, galibi suna mai da hankali kan wurin masana'antu kuma suna amfani da hanyoyin ƙididdiga. Koyaya, tun daga shekarun 1970s, manyan martani guda biyu game da hanyoyin neoclassical sun sake fasalin horo. Ɗaya shine tattalin arzikin siyasa na Marxist, wanda ya samo asali ne daga gudummawar malamai kamar David Harvey, wanda ke ba da hangen nesa game da tattalin arzikin sararin samaniya. Sauran shine sabon yanayin tattalin arziki, wanda ke la'akari da abubuwan zamantakewa, al'adu, da ma'aikata tare da bangarorin tattalin arziki wajen fahimtar abubuwan da suka faru.

Masana tattalin arziki kamar Paul Krugman da Jeffrey Sachs sun ba da gudummawa sosai ga nazarin yanayin tattalin arziki. Krugman, musamman, ya yi magana game da aikace-aikacen tunanin sararin samaniya ga Ka'idar cinikayya ta duniya a matsayin "sabon yanayin tattalin arziki," wanda ke gabatar da hangen nesa ga irin wannan tsarin da ake kira a cikin ilimin ƙasa. Wannan haɗuwa a cikin ƙamus na iya haifar da rikicewa. A matsayin madadin, wasu malamai sun ba da shawarar amfani da kalmar "tattalin arzikin ƙasa" don rarrabe tsakanin hanyoyin biyu.

## Tarihi

Ana samun hanyoyin farko na yanayin tattalin arziki a cikin taswirar kasar Sin guda bakwai na Jihar Qin, wanda ya kasance daga karni na 4 BC da kuma a cikin masanin ilimin ƙasa na Girka Strabo, wanda aka tattara kusan shekaru 2000 da suka gabata. Yayinda zane-zane ya ci gaba, masu ilimin ƙasa sun haskaka fannoni da yawa da aka yi amfani da su a yau a fagen; taswirar da aka kirkira ta manyan kasashen Turai sun bayyana albarkatun da za a iya samu a yankunan Amurka, Afirka, da Asiya. Jaridu na farko na tafiye-tafiye sun haɗa da bayanin 'yan asalin ƙasar, yanayi, wuri mai faɗi, da yawan aiki na wurare daban-daban. Wadannan asusun farko sun karfafa ci gaban tsarin cinikayya na duniya kuma sun gabatar da zamanin mercantilism.

Lindley M. Keasbey ya rubuta a cikin 1901 cewa babu wani horo na yanayin tattalin arziki, tare da malamai ko dai suna yin yanayin ƙasa ko tattalin arziki. Keasbey ya yi jayayya don horo na yanayin tattalin arziki, rubuce-rubuce, 

Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ya ba da gudummawa ga yaɗuwar ilimin ƙasa gabaɗaya, kuma farfaɗowar tattalin arziki da ci gaban bayan yaƙi sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban ilimin ƙasa a matsayin fanni. A lokacin shahararriyar ma'aunin muhalli, Ellsworth Huntington da ka'idarsa ta ƙaddara yanayi, duk da cewa daga baya sun yi suka sosai, sun yi tasiri sosai a fannin. Gudummawa masu mahimmanci sun kuma fito ne daga masana ka'idar wuri kamar Johann Heinrich von Thünen ko Alfred Weber . Sauran ka'idoji masu tasiri sun haɗa da ka'idar Walter Christaller ta Tsakiyar wuri, ka'idar tsakiya da ta gefe.

### Sabon Yanayin Tattalin Arziki
Tare da tasowa na Sabon Tattalin Arziki, rashin daidaito na tattalin arziki yana ƙaruwa a sararin samaniya. Sabon Tattalin Arziki, wanda aka fi sani da duniya, karuwar amfani da fasahar sadarwa da sadarwa, ci gaban kayan ilimi, da kuma mata, ya ba masu ilimin tattalin arziki damar nazarin rarrabuwar zamantakewa da sararin samaniya wanda ya haifar da Sabon Taron Arziki mai tasowa, gami da rarrabuwar dijital.

## Manazarta