Comoran Franc

**Faransanci** (   ;    ; alamar: **FC** ; ISO 4217 code: **KMF** ) kudin hukuma ne na Comoros . An raba shi da sunan shi zuwa *santimita* 100, kodayake ba a taɓa fitar da adadin santimita ba.

## Tarihi
Faranshi na Faransa ya zama kudin Comoros bayan tsibiran sun zama kariyar Faransa a 1886. A shekara ta 1891, Sultan Said Ali bin Said Omar na Grande Comore ( Ngazidja ) ya fitar da tsabar kudi da suka kai centimi da francs wadanda ke yawo tare da kudin Faransa. A cikin 1912, Comoros ya zama lardin Madagascar, wanda kuma mallakar Faransa ne. An rarraba takardun banki na Faransa da tsabar kudi a cikin mulkin mallaka. Baya ga batun gaggawa na ƙananan bayanan canje-canje a cikin 1920, kuɗin Faransa yana yaɗa shi kaɗai har zuwa 1925.

A ranar 1 ga Yulin 1925, gwamnatin Faransa ta kulla yarjejeniya da *Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas* don ƙirƙirar Banque de Madagascar, hedkwata a birnin Paris, kuma ta ba ta wani yanki mai zaman kansa don ba da kuɗi ga mulkin mallaka na Madagascar. Malagasy franc (Faransanci: *franc malgache* ) yayi daidai da franc na Faransa kuma tsabar kudin Faransa sun ci gaba da yaduwa yayin da Madagascar ba ta da tsabar kanta har zuwa 1943.

Lokacin da Comoros ta zama wani yanki na Faransa dabam a cikin 1945, an canza sunan bankin da aka ba da shi zuwa Banque de Madagascar et des Comores (har yanzu yana da hedikwata a Paris). An buɗe ofishin reshe a Comoros a shekara ta 1953. Yayin da aka canza takardun banki don nuna sabon matsayi na Comoros, tsabar kudi ba a canza ba kuma suna dauke da sunan Madagascar kawai. A ranar 26 ga Disamba 1945, an kafa CFA franc na Madagascar-Comores kuma an ƙayyadadden ƙimarsa a kan 1.7 Faransa francs . Tsofaffin tsabar kudi da takardun banki na Madagascar sun ci gaba da yawo a matsayin wannan sabon kudin. A ranar 17 ga Oktoba, 1948, an ƙara darajar CFA franc zuwa francs 2 na Faransa.

A cikin 1950, gwamnatin Faransa ta karɓi mafi yawan ikon mallakar Banque de Madagascar et des Comores. A ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1960, an sake fasalin Faransanci, tare da tsofaffin francs 100 ya zama sabon franc 1. (Décret n°59-1450 du 22 décembre 1959) Sabon canjin canjin shine 1 Madagascar-Comores CFA franc = 0.02 francs Faransa (50 Madagascar-Comores CFA francs = 1 franc Faransa).

A ranar 26 ga Yuni 1960, Madagascar ta sami 'yancin kai daga Faransa, kuma an ƙirƙiri Institut d'Émission Malgache (mai hedkwata a Antananarivo ) don ba da kuɗi ga Madagascar kawai. Madagascar ta bar yankin CFA daga ranar 1 ga Yuli 1973.

A ranar 23 ga Nuwamba 1979, gwamnatin Comoros ta rattaba hannu kan *Yarjejeniyar de coopération monétaire entre la République Française et la République fédérale islamique des Comores*, yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwar kuɗi tare da Faransa, wanda ya mai da Comoros wani ɓangare na yankin franc (amma ba wani ɓangare na yankin CFA franc ba). ). Wannan yarjejeniya ta tanadi kafa tsarin daidaita daidaito tsakanin Faransa Franc da Comorian franc da canji kyauta tsakanin kudaden biyu, wanda babban bankin Comorian ya ba da garantin bude asusun gudanar da ayyuka ( *compte d'operation* ) a Faransa. Baitul mali ( Trésor jama'a ) don sarrafa duk ma'amaloli na musayar. Kashi 65 cikin 100 na asusun ajiyar waje na Comoros ana gudanar da shi ne a cikin Yuro a cikin wannan asusun. Wannan asusun yana kama da adibas na dare tare da Baitul Malin Faransa: yana iya ɗaukar riba kuma yana iya, a cikin yanayi na musamman, sanya ma'auni mara kyau. Duk da haka, don hana wannan asusun daga nuna wani abu mai ɗorewa, an kafa matakan rigakafi da dama.

An kafa kwanciyar hankali na Comorian franc akan tsauraran tsarin kuɗi da tsarin bashi, wanda takamaiman matakan tsaro guda biyu ke ƙulla: ana buƙatar babban bankin ya kiyaye murfin musanya na waje na 20% na alhakin gani, kuma ba a yarda gwamnati ta zana fiye da Kashi 20% na rasit na kasafin kudin shekarar da ta gabata daga asusun babban bankin su. Ministocin kudi na yankin franc (Faransa, yankin CFA da Comoros) suna ganawa duk shekara. Yarjejeniyar tsakanin Faransa da Comoros ta kasance daidai da yarjejeniyar da Faransa ta yi da yankin CFA. Ci gaba ne na dangantakar hadin gwiwa ta kudi tsakanin kasashen biyu da ta wanzu sama da karni guda.

Har zuwa 1994, Comorian franc yana da alaƙa da franc na Faransa akan ƙimar Comorian franc 50 zuwa franc 1 na Faransa. An canza wannan a ranar 12 ga Janairu 1994, lokacin da aka rage darajar kudin tare da rage darajar CFA franc . duk da haka, an rage darajar Comorian franc  % zuwa sabon farashin 75 na Comorian franc na Faransa 1, yayin da sabon farashin CFA franc ya kasance 100 CFA francs zuwa franc 1 na Faransa. Tare da ƙirƙirar Yuro a cikin Janairu 1999, Comorian franc ya kasance mai ƙima, a ƙimar sa, zuwa sabon kudin. Canjin musanya yanzu 491.96775 Comoran franc zuwa 1 Yuro.

### Tarayyar Turai Monetary Union
A cikin 1998 a cikin tsammanin Tarayyar Kuɗin Kuɗi na Turai, Majalisar Tarayyar Turai ta yi magana game da yarjejeniyar kuɗi da Faransa ta yi da yankin CFA da Comoros kuma ta yanke hukuncin cewa:

* Yarjejeniyar ba ta da yuwuwa su yi wani tasiri na kayan aiki akan tsarin kuɗi da musayar kuɗi na yankin Yuro
* a halin da ake ciki yanzu da kuma jihohin aiwatar da su, da wuya yerjejeniyoyi za su iya kawo cikas ga tafiyar da harkokin tattalin arziki da lamuni.
* Babu wani abu a cikin yarjejeniyoyin da za a iya fassara azaman nuna wajibci ga Babban Bankin Turai (ECB) ko kowane babban bankin ƙasa don tallafawa canjin CFA da Comorian francs.
* gyare-gyare ga yarjejeniyoyin da ake da su ba za su haifar da kowane wajibai na Tsakiyar Turai ko kowane babban bankin ƙasa ba
* Baitul malin Faransa zai ba da garantin canjin kyauta a daidaitaccen daidaito tsakanin Yuro da CFA da kuma Comorian francs.
* Hukumomin Faransa masu cancanta za su sanar da Hukumar Tarayyar Turai, Babban Bankin Turai da Kwamitin Tattalin Arziki da Kuɗi game da aiwatar da yarjejeniyoyin da kuma sanar da kwamitin kafin canje-canjen daidaito tsakanin Yuro da CFA da Comorian francs.
* duk wani canji ga yanayi ko iyakokin yarjejeniyoyin zai bukaci amincewar majalisa bisa shawarar hukumar da tuntubar ECB

## Babban Bankin
Dokokin Babban Bankin Comoros ( Banque Centrale des Comores / البنك المركزي القمري *Al-Bank al-Markazi al-Qomori* ) ya bayyana cewa kwamitin gudanarwarsa zai kasance da mambobi takwas da za a zaba daga gwamnatin Comoriya, babban bankin Faransa. ( Banque de France ) da gwamnatin Faransa . Matsayin mataimakin darektan babban bankin Comoros yana hannun wani jami'in Banque de France, wanda ke da alhakin manufofin kuɗi . Tun daga ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 1999, duk kuɗin aikin babban bankin an daidaita shi zuwa Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Daren dare na Yuro ( EONIA ) wanda ke haifar da daidaita bambance-bambancen ƙimar riba tare da Yuro. BCC tana aiwatar da tsarin ajiyar tilas (30% na ajiya) da tsarin sa ido na banki. Hedkwatar tana cikin Moroni, kuma gwamnan bankin na yanzu Mer Said Ahmed Said Ali.

## Tsabar kudi
A cikin 1890, Sultan Said Ali na Bambao, Ngazidja ya ba da tagulla 5 da centimi 10 da azurfa 5 francs. An buga tsabar kuɗin a Paris zuwa ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kuɗin da aka yi daidai da kuɗin Faransa. Tsabar kudi guda uku sun daina aiki a ka'idar a cikin 1912 amma ƙananan ƙungiyoyi biyu suna ci gaba da haɓaka gabaɗaya a ƙarshen 1930. Ana yawan amfani da tsabar tagulla guda biyu don dalilai na sihiri-addini. uku suna ɗauke da irin wannan rubutun, ciki har da kwanan watan 1308 bayan Hijira, wanda ya yi daidai da kalandar miladiyya 1890/91 AD .

A cikin 1920s, ƙarancin tsabar kudi ya haifar da samar da alamun masu zaman kansu daga babban kamfanin mulkin mallaka a Ngazidja da kuma shukar sukari a kan Mayotte . Ƙungiyoyin sun haɗa da 25 da 50 centimes da 1 da 2 francs. An yi amfani da aluminum da tagulla a cikin waɗannan alamun.

A cikin 1964, an ƙaddamar da tsabar kuɗi musamman don amfani a cikin Comoros, wanda ya maye gurbin tsabar Madagascar da ake amfani da su a baya. Aluminum 1&nbsp;FC, 2&nbsp;FC, da 5&nbsp;FC da aluminum-bronze 10&nbsp;FC da 20&nbsp;An ba da tsabar kudi FC. A cikin 1975, an ƙaddamar da nickel 50 francs, sannan nickel 100 ya biyo baya.&nbsp;FC a 1977 da nickel 25&nbsp;FC 1981. Nickel-plated-karfe ya maye gurbin nickel bayan 1990. Cibiyar ta Institut d'Émission des Comores ta ba da tsabar kudi tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1977, yayin da babban bankin ya fitar da tsabar kudi tun 1981.

Har zuwa 1975, Faransanci kawai ya bayyana akan tsabar kudi na Comorian. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an kuma yi amfani da Comorian .

Monnaie de Paris ya kasance yana hakowa gabaɗayan tsabar tsabar Comorian. Ana nuna wannan ta alamar mint na cornucopia akan tsabar kudi, ana iya gani zuwa hagu na kwanan wata, kodayake an cire wannan daga 1994 50.&nbsp;FC yanki bisa bukatar gwamnatin Comorian. Ana kera tsabar kuɗin a wurin su a Pessac, Gironde.

Na 5 FC tsabar kudin ana lakabi reali, yana nufin ainihin Mutanen Espanya ; ta 2 FC coin ana laƙabi da nusu, ma'ana "rabi", da kuma 1 FC tsabar kudin "robo", ma'ana "kwata". Na 1 FC, 2 FC, 5 FC da 10 FC tsabar kudi ba kasafai ake amfani da su ba saboda ƙarancin darajarsu. Na 25 FC da 100 FC tsabar kudi sun ƙunshi kalmar "Augmentons la production alimentaire" ( Bari mu ƙara yawan samar da abinci ). Na 5 FC coin ya ƙunshi kalmar "Conférence Mondiale sur les Pêches" ( Taron Duniya akan Kamun kifi ). Duk waɗannan kalmomin guda biyu suna nuni ne ga shirye-shiryen Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Noma ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Comoros na daya daga cikin kasashe 114 da suka ba da tsabar kudi na FAO. Ana iya samun ƙarin bayani akan tsabar kudi na FAO anan.

## Bayanan banki
An ba da kuɗin takarda na Comorian na farko a cikin 1920. Ya ƙunshi batun gaggawa na tambarin gidan waya na Madagascar da aka sanya a cikin kati don ba su damar yawo a matsayin kuɗi. An ba da ƙima na centimes 50 da franc 1.

Loi ordinaire 62-873 da 31 ga watan Juillet 1962, Mataki na 12, ya baiwa Banque de Madagascar et des Comores damar ci gaba da bayar da bayanan kula a Comoros bayan da Madagascar ta fara fitar da kudinta, amma tun daga 1 ga Afrilu 1962, sun sami " COMORES " a kan su. Ƙungiyoyin 50&nbsp;FC, 100&nbsp;FC, 500&nbsp;FC, 1,000&nbsp;FC da 5,000&nbsp;An bayar da FC. Kamar yadda a cikin Decret 64-1038 du 07 Oktoba 1964, takardun banki ba tare da wuce gona da iri ba sun daina kasancewa takardar doka a ranar 31 ga Disamba 1964.
Rubutun da aka wuce gona da iri sun yada har zuwa 1976, lokacin da 500&nbsp;FC, 1,000&nbsp;FC da 5,000&nbsp;An gabatar da FC ta Institut d'Émission des Comores, 50&nbsp;FC da 100&nbsp;Ana maye gurbin bayanan FC da tsabar kudi. Babban bankin ya karbi aikin samar da kudin takarda a shekarar 1984. 2,500&nbsp;FC da 10,000&nbsp;An gabatar da bayanin kula na FC a cikin 1997, sannan 2,000 suka biyo baya&nbsp;FC a 2005. 2,500&nbsp;FC bayanin kula da aka demonetized a kan 31 Janairu 2007.

Banque de France ne ke buga takardun banki na Comorian a masana'antar takarda a Vic-le-Comte da ayyukan buga su a Chamalières, duka a Puy-de-Dôme, Auvergne . Na 500&nbsp;FC, 1,000&nbsp;FC, 2,000&nbsp;FC, 5,000&nbsp;FC, da 10,000&nbsp;Bayanan FC na 2005 da 2006 sun ƙunshi ƙungiyar tauraro na EURion, tare da wasu ingantattun hanyoyin tsaro don sa su zama masu wahala ga jabu.

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*  Banque Centrale des Comores official site
*  Text of the 1979 Comorian Agreement of Monetary Cooperation  at Banque de France
* Council Decision of 23 November 1998 concerning exchange rate matters relating to the CFA Franc and the Comorian Franc
* Franc zone information at Banque de France 
*  Franc zone information at Banque de France  (in French, but more extensive than the English version)
*  Central Bank of Madagascar 
* Images of Comorian banknotes at Islamic Banknotes
* Numismatics of Comoros
* Numismatics of Comoros by Dr Iain Walker
* Coins of Comoros
* Comoros at Ben's FAO Coins collection
*  La fabrication des monnaies utilisées par les Comoriens
*  "Les Monnaies à Madagascar", Louis Molet
* A table of conversion rates between the euro and the Comorian franc