'Yancin Dan Adam a Armenia

Hakkin dan adam a Armenia ya fi na tsoffin jamhuriyoyin Soviet, tare da ingantaccen ci gaba a cikin haƙƙin tattalin arziki da yanayin rayuwa. A watan Oktoba na 2023, Armenia ta tabbatar da Dokar Roma, inda Armenia za ta zama cikakken memba na Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta duniya.

 

## Dimokuradiyya da 'yanci
An rarraba Armenia a matsayin "ɓangare kyauta" a cikin rahoton 2024 (tare da bayanai na 2023) ta Freedom House, wanda ya ba ta maki 54 cikin 100.

Armeniya ta sami ci gaba a cikin makinta na 'Yancin Dan Adam daga Cibiyar Cato. Dangane da rahoton 2021, Armeniya tana matsayi na 40 gabaɗaya. Yana matsayi na 48th don 'yancin kai da 15th don 'yancin tattalin arziki. Wannan babban ci gaba ne daga maki na 2017 wanda ya nuna Armeniya a matsayi na 54 a gaba ɗaya, sannan ta 29 don 'yancin tattalin arziki da na 76 don 'yancin kai.

## Tattalin Arziki da 'Yancin Dan Adam
Cin hanci da rashawa ya kasance matsala har zuwa 2009, a cewar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka. 

## 'Yanci na siyasa
Tun bayan hambarar da Levon Ter-Petrossian a matsayin shugaban kasa a shekara ta 1998, 'yancin siyasa ya ga an samu ci gaba. Gwamnatin Ter-Petrossian ta ga sauye-sauyen tsarin mulki wanda ya ba da iko ga shugaban fiye da majalisar dokoki. Ya kuma haramtawa jam'iyyun siyasa tara (ciki har da, musamman kungiyar juyin juya halin Armeniya). Irin salon mulkin da Ter-Petrossian ya yi da kuma yadda ya bi sannu a hankali don warware rikicin Nagorno-Karabakh ya kai ga hambarar da shi tare da maye gurbin Robert Kocharyan a matsayin shugaban kasa. Serzh Sargsyan ne ya gaje Kocharyan a shekarar 2008.

Armenia's former ex-presidents Serzh Sargsyan and Robert Kocharyan have accused Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan of pursuing a political vendetta against them. Such as after the transition of power, Armenia's ex-president Serzh Sargsyan, his close relatives (brother –  Alexander Sargysyan, another brother – Levon Sargsyan, his son Narek and daughter Ani), former cabinet members (Seyran Ohanyan, Sergo Karapetyan, Gevorg Harutyunyan, Armen Gevorkyan and others), former members of Parliament (Arsen Babayan, Grayr Tovmasyan, Manvel Grigoryan), former judge- Samvel Uzumyan were charged with corruption, illegal income and tax evasion charges, some journalists (Gagik Shamshyan, Satik Seyranyan, Mher Yegiazaryan etc.) and political activists (Narek Malyan, Konstantin Ter-Nakalyan, &nbsp;Artur Danielyan,)  were detained, charged with the use of drug, illegal possession of gun, and released later. According to Associated Press, Sargsyan has rejected all accusations against him, his relatives and former members of cabinet as a politically motivated charges.

An zargi wani tsohon shugaban kasar Armeniya, Robert Kocharyan da bayar da goyon bayan Sarkisian na zaben shugaban kasa, kuma yana fuskantar tuhume-tuhume da "kifar da tsarin mulki". Da yawa daga cikin magoya bayan Kocharyan sun yi zanga-zanga a watan Mayun 2019 a wajen kotun birnin Yerevan, suna rike da allunan da aka rubuta "Kocharyan fursuna ne na siyasa" da "Vendetta na siyasa". "Robert Kocharyan mai shekaru 64 a duniya ya shaidawa kamfanin dilancin labaren AFP cewa an shigar da karar ne saboda sabon shugabancin da ya kori magajinsa a wani boren da al'ummar kasar suka yi a bara. "Abin da ke faruwa da ni ba komai bane illa rashin bin doka da oda," kamar yadda ya shaida wa AFP daga gidan yari.

### zanga-zangar zaben shugaban kasa na Armenia na 2008
An gudanar da jerin zanga-zanga a kasar Armeniya bayan zaben shugaban kasar Armeniya na ranar 19 ga Fabrairun 2008. Kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Human Rights Watch ta tattara wasu mutane tara na wasu da ba a san ko su waye ba suna yi wa 'yan adawa, 'yan jarida da kuma masu sa ido hari a matsayin martani ga ikirarin magudin zabe. An gudanar da zanga-zangar adawa da zargin magudin zabe a Yerevan babban birnin kasar kuma magoya bayan dan takarar shugaban kasa da bai yi nasara ba kuma shugaban Armeniya na farko, Levon Ter-Petrosyan suka shirya. An fara zanga-zangar ne a ranar 20 ga watan Fabrairu, wadda ta dauki tsawon kwanaki 10 ana yi a dandalin 'yanci na Yerevan, kuma ta hada dubun-dubatar masu zanga-zangar da rana da kuma daruruwan mutane da suka yi zango cikin dare. Bayan shafe kwanaki tara ana zanga-zangar lumana a dandalin Opera, jami'an 'yan sanda da sojoji na kasar sun yi kokarin tarwatsa masu zanga-zangar a ranar 1 ga Maris. Bayanan da masu zanga-zangar suka yi sun nuna cewa 'yan sanda sun yi amfani da karfi fiye da kima wajen share sansanin mu da masu zanga-zangar suka kafa. A cewar bayanan sirri 'yan sandan sun kai hari ba tare da nuna damuwa ba inda daga bisani masu zanga-zangar suka mayar da martani da jifa. A sakamakon haka, an kashe mutane 10. Duk da bukatar da gwamnati ta yi na dakatar da zanga-zangar, zanga-zangar ta ci gaba har zuwa ranar 1 ga Maris. A safiyar ranar 1 ga Maris, rundunar 'yan sanda da sojoji sun tarwatsa mutane 700-1,000 da suka rage cikin dare, inda suka lakada musu bindigu da na'urori masu girgiza wutar lantarki. Ya zuwa 4 ga Maris, masu zanga-zangar da yawa har yanzu sun ɓace. Tun daga 1 ga Maris, an sanya Ter-Petrosyan a karkashin kama-karya a gida.

## 'Yan sanda da tilasta bin doka

A cikin 2018, duk ƙasashe makwabta na Armenia sun kasance a cikin jerin ƙasashe 30 tare da mafi girman adadin ɗaurin kurkuku, yayin da ƙimar a Armenia ta kasance ƙasa. Bayan an tattara rahoton, gwamnati ta fara kuma ta gudanar da afuwa mai yawa.

An samu rahotannin cin zarafi da kama ‘yan sanda ba bisa ka’ida ba. Ana amfani da duka da azabtar da wadanda ake tsare da su kafin a yi shari’a don samun ikirari ko bayanai. An tarwatsa zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnati da karfin tsiya, an kuma tsare shugabannin 'yan adawa. Ya zuwa 2006 cin zarafi ya zama ruwan dare a cikin sojoji kuma ana zarginsa a matsayin sanadin mutuwar mutane da yawa.

### Abubuwan da suka faru
A ranar 12 ga Mayu 2007 Levon Gulyan, wanda aka kira zuwa ga 'yan sanda a matsayin shaida kan wani lamari na kisan kai, ya mutu a babban sashin binciken manyan laifuka na 'yan sanda bayan da ake zargin Hovik Tamamyan, mataimakin shugaban farko na Babban Sashen binciken manyan laifuka na 'yan sanda ya yi masa dukan tsiya da jefa shi ta taga.  '‘Yan sanda sun ce Gulyan ya zame ya fadi a bene na farko a lokacin da yake kokarin tserewa daga hannun ‘yan sanda. Wani bincike na farko na likitanci da kwararrun kwararru daga kasashen Denmark da Jamus suka gudanar ya nuna cewa, mutuwar Gulyan ta faru ne sakamakon munanan raunuka da suka hada da karaya daga kokon kai, kashi, kashin baya da kuma hakarkarinsa. A cewar ArmeniaNow, "ba a bayyana kashe-kashen da aka yi a cikin 'yan sanda ba." A cikin wata wasika da aka aika wa shugaban 'yan sanda, Babban Darakta na Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Bil'adama ta Helsinki ta Duniya (IHF) ya kawo tuhuma game da bayanin da 'yan sanda suka yi game da mutuwar Gulyan kuma ya ambata cewa azabtarwa da cin zarafi da 'yan sanda ke yi ya kasance matsala mai tsanani a Armeniya, kamar yadda kwamitin Turai don rigakafin azabtarwa ya bayyana. 

Wani bangare na jerin sunayen da ArmeniaNow ya tattara ya bayyana sunayen wasu mutane 11 da suka mutu bisa zargin sun mutu a hannun ‘yan sanda.

## 'Yanci na faɗar albarkacin baki da na kafofin watsa labarai

### Shekaru na 2000 da farkon shekarun 2010
Yayin da kafofin watsa labaru ke da digiri na 'yancin kai, 'yancin aikin jarida a Armeniya yana da iyaka. Wasu tashoshi masu zaman kansu, irin su A1+, Noyan Tapan, da NTV na Rasha, gwamnati ta kwace mitocin su. An kai wa 'yan jaridun da ke buga zanga-zangar adawa da shugaba Robert Kocharyan hari lokacin da 'yan sanda suka shiga tsakani don tsare masu zanga-zangar.

A watan Janairun 2011, Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jaridu - mai kula da harkokin yada labarai na kasa da kasa - ya soki gwamnatin Armeniya saboda ci gaba da rike kafafen yada labarai na kasar tare da zarge su da cin zarafin 'yan jaridun cikin gida da ke kalubalantarsu. A cewar rahoton na CPJ, sabbin gyare-gyaren da aka yi wa dokar yada labarai ta Armeniya a shekarar 2010, ta sanya shugaba Sarkisian ya ci gaba da kula da gidajen talabijin da gidajen rediyon kasar, wadanda galibi mallakar 'yan siyasa ne da 'yan kasuwa masu goyon bayan gwamnati ne."  Rahoton ya kuma yi iƙirarin cewa jami’an ‘yan sandan Armeniya sun “ci zarafin ‘yan jarida, da cin zarafi, da kama ‘yan jarida a kai a kai a shekara ta 2010. “Masu gabatar da ƙara a kai a kai sun haɗa kai a cikin wannan aikin ta wajen kasa bincikar jami’an ‘yan sanda, har ma da shigar da ƙara a wasu lokatai a kan ’yan jarida da suka nuna adawa da cin zarafi, kamar yadda binciken CPJ ya nuna. "

#### Talabijin
 
Baya ga GALA da ke Gyumri, kusan dukkanin gidajen Talabijin na Armeniya, gami da cibiyoyin sadarwar ƙasa na Yerevan, gwamnati ce ke sarrafawa ko biyayya. Babban hanyar sadarwa mai zaman kansa daya tilo da ke yada sukar gwamnati akai-akai an tilasta masa barin iska a cikin 2002.

A shekara ta 2010, gwamnatin Armeniya ta zartar da wasu gyare-gyaren da ke cike da cece-kuce ga dokar Armeniya kan watsa shirye-shiryen da ke baiwa hukumomin gwamnati damar ba da izini ko soke lasisi ba tare da wani bayani ba, da kuma sanya takunkumin shirye-shirye da zai sanya wasu tashoshin takaita jigogi kamar al'adu, ilimi, da wasanni. Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida ya ba da shawarar cewa waɗannan gyare-gyaren da farko suna da niyya don kiyaye gidan talabijin mai zaman kansa A1+ a iska. Hakanan ya nuna cewa GALA TV, wani mai watsa shirye-shirye mai zaman kansa da ke Gyumri, za a cire shi daga iska a cikin 2015 saboda gyare-gyaren. Dukansu A1+ da GALA TV sun kasa samun sabbin lasisi a cikin tayoyin da ake zargin hukumar kula da Talabijin da Rediyo ta kasa ta gudanar a karshen shekarar 2010. 

#### Yanayin Gaggawa na 2008
Bayan zanga-zangar zaben shugaban kasar Armeniya a shekara ta 2008, shugaba Kocharian cikin cece-kuce ya ayyana dokar ta-baci ta kwanaki 20 a ranar 1 ga Maris, kuma ya yi amfani da ita wajen hana duk wani taron jama'a da tantance duk kafofin watsa labarai (na Intanet da na bugawa) don hada bayanan da jihar ta dauki nauyinsa. Har ila yau, hukumomi sun rufe jaridun 'yan adawa da dama tare da gidajen yanar gizon su, ciki har da A1+ da Haykakan Zhamanak. Bugu da kari, gwamnati ta toshe hanyar shiga gidan yanar gizon YouTube wanda ke kunshe da bidiyoyin zanga-zangar ranar 1 ga Maris da kuma arangama da daddare da ‘yan sanda suka yi wanda ya nuna yadda jami’an tsaro na musamman ke harba makamai masu sarrafa kansu kai tsaye cikin taron. Hakanan an toshe shi shine watsa rediyo da shiga yanar gizo zuwa 'Yancin Armeniya, sabis na Radiyon Turai.

#### Hare-haren da aka kai wa 'yan jarida
Hare-hare akai-akai kan 'yan jarida na kafafen yada labarai da ba na gwamnati ba, babbar barazana ce ga 'yancin 'yan jaridun Armenia.

*A ranar 30 ga Afrilu, 2009 Argishti Kiviryan, kodinetan kamfanin dillancin labarai na ARMENIA A Yau (wata takarda da aka fi sani da adawa), an yi masa mugun duka a kan hanyarsa ta komawa gida daga aiki a Yerevan. An bayar da rahoton cewa wasu mutane uku da ba a san ko su wanene ba sun kai hari tare da yi wa Kiviryan mummunar duka wanda ya yi sanadin jikkatar kansa da kuma fuskantar rauni. An ba da rahoton cewa ciwon nasa yana da “mummuna amma kwanciyar hankali” bayan an kai shi cibiyar kula da lafiya ta Erebuni*. Jami’in kare hakkin bil’adama na kasar Armeniya, Armen Harutyunyan, ya yi Allah wadai da wannan aika-aika, ya kuma bayyana cewa kusan dukkanin laifukan cin zarafin ‘yan jaridar da aka yi a baya ba a bayyana su ba, ya yi kira ga ‘yan sanda da su yi bincike tare da bayyana wadanda suka kai harin.

A ranar 17 ga Nuwamba, 2008 Edik Baghdasaryan, daya daga cikin fitattun 'yan jarida masu bincike a Armenia kuma editan Hetq, an kai masa hari da karfi tare da ji masa rauni a kai wanda dole ne a kwantar da shi a asibiti. Wataƙila an kai harin ne da rahotonsa.&#x5B;**&#x5D;

## 'Yanci na motsi
A baya jami'an tsaro sun hana zirga-zirgar ababen hawa daga garuruwan da ke kusa da Yerevan a duk lokacin da aka yi babban taron 'yan adawa a Yerevan. A ranar 1 ga Maris, 2011 zirga-zirgar jama'a tsakanin Yerevan da yankunan da ke kusa da su ta tsaya a wani yunƙuri na gwamnati na rage halartar babban taron da jam'iyyar adawa ta Armenia (HAK) za ta gudanar.  Tashoshin motocin bas a kananan garuruwan da ke kusa da babban birnin kasar - ciki har da Etchmiadzin, Artashat, da Masis - sun tsaya cik da safe da kuma yammacin rana, lamarin da ya bar dimbin fasinjojin cikin gida sun makale. An kuma baza jami'an 'yan sanda a manyan titunan da ke zuwa Yerevan. Rahotanni sun ce ‘yan sandan sun ce wannan wani bangare ne na aikin ‘yan sanda na musamman da nufin zakulo motocin da aka sace, ko kuma ‘yan sanda na neman makamai. Jami'an tsaro da jami'an gwamnati sun musanta ikirarin 'yan adawa na cewa hukumomi na kokarin hana Armeniyawa da yawa shiga cikin masu zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnati a Yerevan.

## 'Yanci na addini
Cocin Manzanni na Armenia yana da iko sosai a Armenia, yana da haƙƙoƙi fiye da kowane addini da aka yi rajista. Sauran 'yan tsiraru na addini sun hada da Kiristoci na Orthodox na Rasha, Kiristoci na Syriac, Kiristoci na Orthodox na Girka, Yahudawa, Musulmai, Yazidis, da Shaidun Jehovah. Gabaɗaya, al'ummar Musulmi ta Armenia (wanda ya ƙunshi Azeris da Kurds) kusan babu su saboda musayar yawan jama'a tsakanin Armenia da Azerbaijan a lokacin Yaƙin Nagorno-Karabakh na farko.

## Hakkin LGBT a Armenia
Kwaminisanci ya kasance doka a Armenia tun shekara ta 2003. Koyaya, duk da cewa an haramta shi, halin da ake ciki na 'yan mata, gay, bisexual, da transgender (LGBT) ba su canza sosai ba. Har yanzu ba a yi ikirarin 'yancin lesbian, gay, bisexual, da transgender (LGBT) a Armenia ba. Lallafi ya kasance batun haramtacce a wasu sassan al'ummar Armeniya yayin da al'ummar ke bin wasu ƙasashen Turai wajen inganta haƙƙin LGBT. Akwai, kuma, babu kariya ta doka ga mutanen LGBT waɗanda ake keta haƙƙin ɗan adam akai-akai. Mutane da yawa suna tsoron tashin hankali a wurin aikinsu ko daga danginsu, sabili da haka, ba sa bayyana jima'i a bayyane ko kuma shigar da korafe-korafe game da keta haƙƙin ɗan adam ko laifuka masu laifi. Armenia ta kasance a matsayi na 47 daga cikin kasashe 49 na Turai don haƙƙin LGBT a cikin 2013, tare da Rasha da Azerbaijan kawai sun fi muni da haƙƙin ɗan adam a wannan batun.

Lilit Martirosyan wata mace ce da ta canza jinsi wadda ta yi jawabi ga Majalisar Armeniya na tsawon mintuna 3 a ranar 5 ga Afrilu, 2019. Ta shaida wa majalisar cewa kungiyar da ta kafa, Right Side NGO, ta rubuta kararraki 283 na take hakkin maza da mata. Nan da nan wasu 'yan majalisar suka nuna adawa, suna masu cewa Martirosian ya "...dagula batun sauraren karar da kuma rashin mutunta majalisar." Mambobin jama'a sun yi barazana da la'antar Martirosian da duk masu canza jinsi da ke zaune a Armeniya. masu canza jinsi da ke zaune a Armeniya.[1] Kakakin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Armenia Anna Naghdalyan, ta mayar da martani ga wata sanarwa daga tawagar Tarayyar Turai a Yerevan da ofisoshin jakadanci na Tarayyar Turai da suka yi Allah wadai da kalaman kiyayya da aka yi wa Martirosian, Right Side NGO, da kuma al'ummar LGBTQ: "Ya kamata abokan huldar mu na kasa da kasa su nuna girmamawa da kulawa ga al'ummar Armeniya kuma su guji shiga tsakani, ko da kuwa za su yi watsi da muhawarar jama'a. cewa ka'idar kyawawan dabi'un jama'a wani bangare ne na alkawurran kasa da kasa kan hakkin dan adam kuma ba za a iya yin watsi da su ba. "

## Yanayin tarihi
Jadawalin da ke gaba yana nuna ƙimar Armeniya tun 1991 a cikin rahoton 'Yanci a Duniya, wanda Freedom House ke bugawa kowace shekara. Ƙimar 1 "kyauta" ne; 7, "ba kyauta". 1

## Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam a Armenia
Akwai kungiyoyi da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da dama da ke aiki a Armeniya wadanda ke mai da hankali kan ciyar da hakkin dan Adam gaba. Waɗannan sun haɗa da:

* Turai a cikin Kungiyar Shari'a
* Taron 'yan ƙasa na Helsinki-Vanadzor
* Kwamitin Helsinki na Armenia
* Open Society Foundations-Armenia
* PanEuropa Armenia
* Pink Armenia
* Kungiyar ba da agaji ta Hanyar Dama
* Ƙungiyar 'Yan ƙasa Masu Bayani

## Dubi kuma
 

* Armenia da Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta duniya
* Armenia a cikin Majalisar Turai
* Hukuncin kisa a Armenia
* 'Yancin Dan Adam a Turai
* Tsayar da Intanet a Armenia
* Hakkin LGBT a Armenia
* Batutuwan zamantakewa a Armenia
* Kare zamantakewa a Armenia

## Bayani

: 1. ^ Lura cewa "Shekara" tana nufin "Shekarar da aka rufe". Saboda haka bayanin shekarar da aka yi alama ta 2008 ya fito ne daga rahoton da aka buga a 2009, da sauransu.  
: 2. ^ Ya zuwa 1 ga Janairu.  

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje

* Human Rights Watch: Armenia
* Shafin yanar gizon 'Yancin Dan Adam a Armenia 
* Mai kare haƙƙin ɗan adam na Armenia
* IFEX.org/en/content/view/full/178/" id="mwBH0" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Censorship a Armenia - IFEX