Duban Afirka

**Duban Afirka** duba ne ta al'adun Afirka.

Dubbanta ƙoƙari ne na samar da fahimtar gaskiya a halin yanzu da ƙari, don yin hasashen al'amura da haƙiƙanin lokaci na gaba.

Al'adun Afirka har zuwa shekara kusan CE 1991 suna ci gaba da yin duba da kuma yin duba, a cikin birane da yankunan karkara. Masu duba suna iya cika aikin likitan ganye. Ana iya la'akari da duban al'amuran zamantakewa, kuma ana tunanin shi a matsayin tsakiyar rayuwar mutane a cikin al'ummomin Afirka (kimanin 2004 a kalla).

Daga cikin yankuna biyar na Afirka, waɗanda ke da ƙasashe 54 na Afirka, ana nuna waɗannan ƙasashe a cikin wannan labarin:

Arewa: aiAljeriya, Misira.

Gabas:  Djibouti Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Uganda.

Tsakiya: Burundi, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo

Kudu: Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, Afirka ta Kudu.

Yamma: Benin; Burkina Faso; Kamaru; Cote d'Ivoire; yammacin Ghana; Najeriya; Serer na Gambia, Senegal da Mauritania; Togo

kuma,

Tsibirin Cape Verde

Madagascar

## Arewa

### Aljeriya
Matan wasu garuruwan Aljeriya suna gudanar da ayyukan duba da suka shafi buqālah, wanda duka, jirgin yumbu ne, da kuma nau'in waqoqi.

### Masar
A cewar Sir E.A. Wallis Budge (a. 1930), kuma aƙalla bisa ga shaidar archaeological, yin duba a tsakanin mutanen Masar bai fara ba har sai lokacin Ptolemaic, kuma bisa ga tushen, kusan tabbas (a lokacin rubutawa), mutanen ƙasar Masar sun fara aiwatar da waɗannan abubuwa ta hanyar wasu mutanen Girka waɗanda da kansu suka koyi game da duba daga Babila. Necromancy yana wanzu a cikin rubutun Demotic na tsohuwar Masar (R.K. Ritner). Shawarar Necromantic na sarautar matattu ya kasance ruwan dare a farkon daular Ashirin, wacce ta fara shekara ta 1195 BC.

## Gabas

### Djibouti

### Afar
Dubbanci yana taka rawa a cikin rayuwar mutanen Afar makiyaya, waɗanda suka mamaye Habasha, da Eritriya, amma membobinsu sun fi girma a cikin Djibouti (c. 2013).

### Eritrea
Likitocin Eritiriya su ma suna yin duba.

### Habasha

### Berta
Daga cikin Bertha, ayyukan duban da suka haɗa da jifan kasusuwan namun daji (osteomacy) da kuma shawarwari na littattafai na musamman.

### Hamar
A cikin Hamar wani mai duba ne ya jefi takalmi ya yi hasashen abin da zai faru nan gaba a kan yadda za su fado.

### Me'en
Daga cikin Ma’aikin akwai ƙwararrun masu karanta abin da aka yanka a cikin dabbar da aka yanka, da hargitsi.

### Amhara

### Tsarin imani
Kabilar Amhara tana da tarihi mai ƙarfi na duba. A cikin kabilar, akwai manyan tsarin imani guda 4. Tsari na farko yana mai da hankali ne kan ƙa'idodin Kiristanci da dukan abubuwansa. Tsarin na biyu ya ƙunshi imani na ruhohi masu mallaka da aka sani da "zar". Tsari na uku ya ta’allaka ne da wani rukuni na musamman, la’ananne da aka fi sani da budu, waɗanda suke allantaka ta hanyar amfani da idanuwansu da yanayin fuskarsu. A ƙarshe, tsari na huɗu yana mai da hankali kan aƙidar ruhohin mugayen ruhohi da aka fi sani da "shaidan" ko "ciraq" waɗanda ba za a iya kaucewa ba kuma suna jin daɗin ɓarna ga marasa laifi.

### Buda
Ƙabilar Habasha da ke da alaƙa da kabilar Amhara da aka fi sani da buda ana tsammanin suna da "mugun ido": alamar duban da ke da ikon yin sihiri da bala'i tare da kallo ko fuska kawai. “Mugunyar ido” an yi imani da cewa ita ce sanadin cututtuka masu yawa kamar “barna rashin lafiya, haɗarin gida, rashin haihuwa, sa’a a fili, marasa lafiya da dabbobi, da kuma gurɓatattun amfanin gona.”An yi imani da cewa yin amfani da mugun ido sihiri ne da ke tattare da hassada ko kwaɗayin wani abu, matsayi, ko riba. A sakamakon haka, waɗanda aka yi imani da cewa “la’ananne ne” da mugun ido an jefar da su zuwa ga mafi ƙasƙanci matakin zamantakewa tsakanin al’ummar Habasha.

### Zar ruhin mallaka
Mallakar ruhu wani ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'ida ce ta dabarun duban Amharan. Shamans na Amharan suna kiran ruhohi na musamman da aka fi sani da zar a cikin ƙoƙari na "warkar da" da 'yan kabilar da suka samu daga wahalhalu da dama.[44] An ce mafi yawan majinyata da ake yi wa zarar waraka su ne “matan da suke jin an yi watsi da su a duniyar namiji inda suke aikin saran itace da masu hako ruwa...”

Wani nau'i ne na sihiri da aka sani kuma ana yinsa a Nubia, Masar, Sudan, tsakanin Yahudawa Etyopians, Farisa ta dā da Iran. Amfani da Persuan Zara wajen shigo da bayin Afirka ya yada wannan ibada a Muscat, a daular Usmaniyya da Larabawa, a kasashen da ke fuskantar Tekun Indiya da Tekun Farisa (ciki har da Baghdad, Makka, Madina da Karbala). An kuma gano wasu kungiyoyin asiri wadanda sunansu ke da alaka da ti shatana (Iblis) a kasar Chadi, daga cikin Digo a Kudancin Kenya, da Tonga da Ndembu a Zambia, da bori a Najeriya da Arewacin Afirka, da kuma Iamadsha a kasar Maroko.

Ana amfani da ruhohi marasa ganuwa da ganuwa don shiga lokacin da muminai "suna fuskantar yanayi mai wuya kamar rikice-rikice na aure, jinsi da rashin daidaituwa na zamantakewa ko kuma a mayar da martani ga sauye-sauyen zamantakewa da al'adu"

## Manazarta