Babban Masallacin Bursa

**Babban Masallacin Bursa** masallaci ne mai tarihi a Bursa, Turkiyya. Sarkin Usman Bayezid na ɗaya ne ya ba da umarnin a yi bikin tunawa da babban nasarar da ya samu a Yaƙin Nicopolis kuma aka gina shi tsakanin 1396 da 1399. Masallacin babban abin tunawa ne na gine-ginen Ottoman na farko kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masallatai a birnin, wanda ke tsakiyar tsohon birnin tare da kasuwannin tarihi. 

## Tarihin Baya
*Ulu Cami* ko "Babban Masallaci" shine babban masallaci a Bursa, babban birnin Daular Ottoman na farko, kuma wani abin tarihi na gine-ginen Ottoman na farko yayin da ya samo asali daga gine-ginen Turkiyya na Seljuk . Sultan Bayezid na ɗaya ne ya tsara kuma ya gina masallacin, mai zane Ali Neccar ne ya tsara kuma ya gina shi a shekarar 1396–1399.   Bayezid na ɗaya shine sarki na huɗu na Daular Ottoman. Jim kaɗan bayan gina wannan masallacin, ya sha wahala mafi muni daular ta sha a hannun Timur (Tamerlane) a Yaƙin Ankara a shekarar 1402.  Al'ada ta nuna cewa Timur ya ƙone masallacin a wannan shekarar kuma cewa sarkin Qaramanid Mehmed Bey ya sake yin hakan a lokacin da aka kewaye birnin a shekarar 1412.    Koma dai mene ne, an yi gyare-gyare na farko da aka rubuta a masallacin a shekarar 1493. 

An sake gyara masallacin a tsawon tarihinsa. Bayan girgizar ƙasa mai tsanani a shekarar 1855 wadda ta jawo rugujewar rufin masallacin, an rufe masallacin tsawon shekaru da dama.  An kammala gyare-gyare a shekarar 1889. 

## Gine-gine

Masallacin babban gini ne mai kusurwa huɗu, girmansa ya kai mita 55 da faɗinsa mita 69, faɗin farfajiyar cikinsa ya kai murabba'in mita 3165.5.   Yana da ƙofofi uku (zuwa arewa, yamma da gabas), waɗanda ƙofar arewa ita ce mafi girma.  Tsarin cikinsa ya ƙunshi kumbo ashirin da aka shirya a layuka huɗu na biyar waɗanda ginshiƙai goma sha biyu ke tallafawa.   Filin zai iya ɗaukar mutane 5000. Wani sanannen al'ada ya ce Sultan Bayezid na ɗaya ya gina masallaci mai kusurwoyi ashirin maimakon gina masallatai ashirin daban-daban waɗanda ya yi alƙawarin a madadin nasarar da ya samu a Yaƙin Nicopolis a shekarar 1396. 

A tsakiyar masallacin akwai wani marmaro na musamman ( ''şadırvan'' ) a kan wani kwano mai kusurwoyi goma sha takwas, wanda a halin yanzu ya samo asali ne daga ƙarni na 19.  Maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da kwano sun taimaka wa masu ibada wajen yin alwala . Kubba a kan şadırvan a buɗe take ga sama (kodayake an rufe ta da gilashi a yau), wanda hakan ya haifar da hasken sama wanda ke taimakawa wajen haskaka cikin duhun masallacin.  

Masallacin yana da minarets guda biyu. Duk da cewa minaret ta yamma tana da alaƙa kai tsaye da masallacin kuma ta samo asali ne tun zamanin Bayezid na ɗaya, minaret ta gabas tana da rabe-rabe, wanda ke nuna cewa wataƙila an gina ta ne a wani lokaci daban da masallacin. 

An yi wa bangon masallacin fenti da kayan ado irin na Ottoman Baroque tun ƙarni na 19, da kuma kayan rubutu na rubutu tun daga ƙarni na 18 zuwa farkon ƙarni na 20.  *[[Mihrab]]* (wani yanki da ke nuna alkiblar sallah ), wanda aka sassaka da rufin *muqarnas*, ya samo asali ne daga 1572 ta hannun wani maƙeri mai suna Mehmed kuma wani mai kula da shi mai suna Zeyni Çelebi ne ya ba da umarnin a yi masa ado.  An yi masa fenti da kuma ado na zinare tun daga 1905. 

An yi *[[Mimbari|minbar]]* katako, kusa da mihrab, a salon gargajiya na Anatolian Seljuk ta amfani da dabarar *kundekari* (ta amfani da guntun itace da aka haɗa tare ba tare da ƙusa ko manne ba).   An sassaka saman minbar da siffofi na geometric da kuma siffofi na fure-fure na arabesque . A cewar wani rubutu da aka sassaka, wani mai sana'a mai suna Hacı Mehmed na Antep, ɗan Abdülaziz, ne ya yi ta a shekara ta 1400. 

Girgizar ƙasa babbar matsala ce ga masallacin, kamar yadda take da sauran gine-gine a Turkiyya. "Girgizar ƙasa babbar barazana ce ga gine-gine masu mahimmanci a tarihi da al'adu a Turkiyya, tare da tasirin tectonics da girgizar ƙasa mai ƙarfi". Masallacin ya lalace sosai sakamakon girgizar ƙasa aƙalla sau ɗaya a shekara ta 1855, wanda ya buƙaci a rufe shi tsawon shekaru da yawa da kuma manyan gyare-gyare da sake ginawa. 

## Rubutun Musulunci a cikin masallaci
Babban Masallacin ya shahara da zanen rubutunsa na ado kuma har ma an kira shi "gidan adana kayan rubutu na rubutu".  A cikin gine-ginen Musulunci, zanen rubutun Larabci ya zama babban abu don ado na gani da isar da ma'ana ga baƙi.  Masallacin ya ƙunshi rubuce-rubuce masu ban mamaki 192 na bango, waɗanda suka ƙunshi rubuce-rubuce daban-daban guda 87 da manyan masu rubutun rubutu na Ottoman 41 suka rubuta a wancan lokacin.  Yawancin rubutun rubutun sun samo asali ne daga tsakanin 1778 da 1938.  An zana zanen rubutun a bango, ginshiƙai da kuma kan ƙananan da manyan faranti ko lambobin yabo. Abubuwan da aka rubuta sun haɗa da ayoyin Alƙur'ani, hadisai, sunayen Allah 99, sunayen Annabi Muhammadu daban-daban, da sunayen manyan malaman Musulunci.  

## Gidan Hotuna

Fayil:Bursa_Ulu_Camii,_Minaret.jpg|One of the minarets
Fayil:Bursa_Ulu_Camii,_fountain.jpg|Ablution fountain (şadırvan) in the courtyard
Fayil:Bursa_ulu_camii_portal_DSCF1701.jpg|The main northern entrance of the mosque
Fayil:Bursa_7032.jpg|View of the center of the mosque, near the skylight
Fayil:Turkey_(68737785).jpeg|The skylight over the fountain of the mosque
Fayil:Bursa_7029.jpg|The interior şadırvan
Fayil:Bursa_7030.jpg|Calligraphy on the walls
Fayil:Mihrab_of_Bursa_Grand_Mosque.jpg|The mihrab
Fayil:ULU_CAMİİ_MOSQUE_BURSA_TURKEY_-_panoramio.jpg|The minbar
Fayil:ULU_CAMİİ_BURSA_KÜNDEKARİ_MİNBER_-_panoramio.jpg|The decoration of the minbar
Fayil:ULU_CAMİİ_KÜNDEKARİ_MİNBER_BURSA_-_panoramio.jpg|Details of the upper parts of the minbar and mihrab


## Manazarta