Adelina Kondrátieva

**Adelina Kondrátieva** (née **Abramson**; 1917 - 14 Disamba 2012) ta kasance mai fassara ta Rasha da Brigadista da aka haifa a Argentina wanda ya shiga cikin Yaƙin basasar Spain a gefen Jamhuriyar Republican . Don sadaukar da kai ga wannan lokacin tarihi, an zabe ta shugabar  [es] (AGE), kuma a cikin 2009 an ba ta fasfo na Mutanen Espanya.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Adelina Veniaminovna Abramson a Buenos Aires a shekarar 1917, 'yar Benjamin Abramson. Iyalinta sun yi gudun hijira a can a shekarar 1910, suna tserewa daga gwamnatin Tsarist ta Rasha, kuma mahaifinta ya yi aiki a can a matsayin wakilin kasuwanci.    Bayan juyin mulkin Janar José Félix Uriburu a watan Satumbar 1932, an "kama Abramson, an azabtar da shi, aka kuma kora shi."  Adelina, tare da mahaifinta, mahaifiyarta, da babbar 'yar'uwarta Paulina, sun ƙaura zuwa Montevideo, kuma daga can suka sami nasarar komawa Tarayyar Soviet . Alamar " Trotskyist " cewa Abramson ya takaita sake shiga sabon tsarin Soviet - Adelina ta nemi shiga Tarayyar Matasan Kwaminisanci sau uku - har zuwa lokacin da a watan Janairun 1937, Adelina da mahaifinta suka bar USSR a ɓoye. Bayan tafiyar , sun isa Spain, inda Paulina ta riga ta jira su. 

## Yaƙin Basasa na Spain
Da zarar ta isa Barcelona, Benjamin Abramson ya yi tafiya zuwa gaban Aragon, yayin da 'ya'yansa mata suka ci gaba zuwa Valencia . A can, Adelina ta haɗu da Yakov Smushkevich (wanda ya kira kansa "Janar Douglas"),  wani kwamandan jiragen sama na jam'iyyar Republican, wanda ya ba ta mukamin mai fassara da fassara a cikin Babban Hafsan Sojojin Sama na Republican a cikin gidan Los Llanos, kusa da Albacete .  A cikin tarihin rayuwarta, ta tuna da ganin harin bam da sojojin Francoist suka kai wa birnin a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, 1937. 

A lokaci guda kuma, 'yar uwarta Paulina Abramson ta yi aiki a matsayin mai fassara tare da mai shirya fina-finai Roman Karmen da kuma ɗan jarida Mikhail Koltsov . Daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin mai fassara a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Kwamanda , "mai ba Durruti shawara a fannin kare Madrid kuma mai shirya Rundunar Sojojin Guerrilla ta Jamhuriyar XIV".  

## Komawa zuwa Tarayyar Soviet
A shekarar 1938, iyalan Abramson suka koma Moscow kuma Adelina ta shiga Jami'ar Ma'aikata ta manya, wacce ta ƙware a "tarihin ƙungiyar ƙwadago ta Amurka". [1] Ta je aiki a Cibiyar Harsunan Soja, kuma a shekarar 1941 ta fara karatun Italiyanci a Kwalejin Sojoji ta Harsunan Waje. A matsayinta na babbar Laftanar ta Sojojin Ja, ta yi aiki sosai daga 1941 zuwa 1949. A lokacin mamayar Axis a kan Tarayyar Soviet, galibi tana aiki a matsayin mai fassara a sansanonin fursunonin yaƙi na Italiya. [1] Bayan yaƙin, an yi mata ado da Order of the Red Star . Ta auri Aleksandr Kondrátiev, soja, kuma ta haifi 'yarsu Yelena. Duk da haka, ci gaba da haɓakar Stalinism ya haifar da irin wannan ƙaddara ga mahaifinta kamar ta sauran tsoffin sojojin Yaƙin Basasa na Spain - an kama shi a shekarar 1951, yana da shekaru 63, ana zarginsa da Trotskyism, an tsare shi na tsawon shekaru biyar a Gulag, kuma an sake shi bayan mutuwar Stalin. [1] [2]

Kondrátieva ta sami digirin digirgir a Jami'ar Jihar Moscow kuma ta zama shugabar sashen koyar da ilimin zamantakewa na Spain. Ta sadaukar da lokacin ƙarshe na rayuwarta ga shiga cikin wasu surori mafi tsauri a tarihin Spain, tare da rubuce-rubuce tare da Ángel Viñas da Paul Preston .  Ta jagoranci ɓangaren sojoji na Spain a cikin Kwamitin Tsoffin Sojoji na Rasha, kuma ta ci gaba da hulɗa da 'yan Spain na Rasha da Cibiyar Sifaniya da ke Moscow.  A shekarar 1994, ta buga littafin tarihin *Mosaico roto* (Broken Mosaic), wanda aka rubuta tare da haɗin gwiwar 'yar uwarta Paulina. Ana ɗaukarta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu haɓaka dawo da tarihin tarihi, tare da  .  Ta kasance cikin waɗanda suka shiga cikin ƙungiyar Tribute to the International Brigade da aka shirya a shekarar 1996 da kuma ƙirƙirar  a shekarar 1998, wanda ta shugabanci har zuwa rasuwarta. A shekarar 2009, an ba ta fasfo na Sipaniya saboda shiga cikin Yaƙin Basasa. 

Adelina Kondrátieva ta rasu a Moscow a ranar 14 ga Disamba, 2012, tana da shekaru 95.  

## Manazarta