open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Sylvia Guirey

**Sylvia Guirey** ( née **matsayin Gimbiya Sylvia Obolensky** ; 18 ga Mayu 1931 - 27 ga Yuni 1997) ta kasance magajiya, mai zane kuma mai kula da fasaha.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Guirey a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 1931 a Vöcklabruck, Austria . Mahaifiyarta ita ce Ava Alice Muriel Astor, mahaifinta kuma Raimund von Hofmannsthal .  Iyayenta sun yi aure cikin kwanciyar hankali a watan Janairun 1933  bayan mahaifiyarta ta sake aure a shekarar 1932, amma a lokacin haihuwarta mahaifiyarta tana Austria kuma har yanzu tana auren Yarima Serge Obolensky, tsohon jami'in Tsarist . A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, mahaifiyarta tana Landan kuma tana New York. Ba ta ga mahaifiyarta ba sai a shekarar 1946. An yi mata karatu a gida sannan ta tafi Makarantar Brearley . 

## Sana'a
A shekarun 1950, tana aiki tare da Eugene Berman saboda ta fara sha'awar ƙirar dandamali. Ta yi aiki tare da Berman a kan sabon shirin wasan opera na Metropolitan Opera na Don Giovanni . 

A shekarar 1958, kakarta ta mutu ta bar mata kuɗi mai yawa wanda ya ba ta damar sha'awar fasahar zamani. Ta fara siyan kayan fasaha na zamani kuma a lokaci guda gidanta da ke Elm Place ya shahara tsakanin masu fasaha da dillalai. Ta kuma ɗauki ɗakin studio da kanta kuma ta ƙirƙiri isassun zane-zane don fara baje kolin su. Aikinta yana a Sao Paulo Biennale a shekarar 1973, kuma bayan shekaru uku  tana cikin gidan tarihi na Betty Parsons .  Ta ci gaba da baje kolin a Amurka da Birtaniya a gidan tarihi na Hester van Royen  da gidan tarihi na Benjamin Rhodes. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
A ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1950, ta auri mai kuɗi ɗan ƙasar Belgium Jean Louis Ganshof van der Meersch a Cocin Holy Trinity da ke New York. A shekarar 1957, mijinta ya sake aure saboda rabuwarsu da kuma abotarta da Yarima Guirey . 

Ta sake auren Yarima Azamat Kadir Sultan Guirey (1924–2001), ɗan Vaguide Sheretlock Guirey da Yarima Kadir Guirey, zuriyar Khanan Tatar waɗanda suka mulki Crimea kafin sarakunan, a cikin 1957. Sun ƙaura zuwa Landan kuma, kafin rabuwarsu a 1963, sun haifi 'ya'ya uku tare:

* Yarima Kadir Guirey. 
* Prince Sagat Adil Temujin Guirey, wanda ya auri Marina Sarah Peto, 'yar Sir Michael Peto, 4th Baronet, a cikin 2001. 
* Gimbiya Selima Sultane Guirey, wacce ta auri Derek Goddard, wani mawaƙi wanda ya yi aiki da The Clash, The Raincoats, da Neneh Cherry . 

Daga baya Yarima Azamat ya auri Frederica Ann "Bobo" Sigrist, 'yar Fred Sigrist (wacce aka haifa a Nassau, wacce ta auri Kevin McClory, wanda ya jagoranci fina-finai da dama na James Bond )  Guirey ya mutu a Fulham a Ingila a shekarar 1997.   Yarima Azamat ya mutu a shekarar 2001.

## Manazarta
Candida Gertler

**Candida Gertler** (an haife ta a 1966/1967) OBE ƙwararriyar mai tattara zane-zane ce ta Burtaniya/Jamus, mai taimakon jama'a, kuma tsohuwar 'yar jarida. 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haife ta a Frankfurt am Main, Jamus, ga iyayenta Yahudawa 'yan gudun hijira 'yan Romania.   Ta karanci aikin jarida da shari'a. 

## Sana'a
A shekara ta 2003, Gertler ta kafa ƙungiyar agaji ta fasaha ta Outset Contemporary Art Fund . 

A watan Yunin 2015, an ba ta takardar shaidar OBE "don ayyukan fasahar gani ta zamani da taimakon fasaha". 

Ita mamba ce a Majalisar Tate International Council. 

A shekarar 2024, Gertler ta zama abin da aka yi zanga-zanga a kai kuma aka yi kira da a cire ta daga ayyukan fasaha na sa kai bayan an binciki dangantakarta da ayyukan agaji. Ita da mijinta, Zak Gertler, an bayyana su a bainar jama'a a matsayin suna da kusanci da manyan 'yan siyasar Isra'ila da kuma masu goyon bayan ayyukan agaji na Isra'ila; rahotannin kafofin watsa labarai sun ce ma'auratan sun karbi bakuncin bikin cika shekaru 70 na Firayim Ministan Isra'ila Benjamin Netanyahu a gidansu da ke Tel Aviv. Labaran Fasaha . 25 Nuwamba 2024 . An dawo da shi a ranar 23 ga Oktoba, 2025 .

A watan Nuwamba na 2024, sama da masu fasaha 1,100 da ma'aikatan fasaha sun sanya hannu kan wata buɗaɗɗiyar wasiƙa suna kira ga manyan cibiyoyi na Burtaniya kamar Tate da su yanke alaƙa da Asusun Tallafawa Fasaha na Zamani na Outset, wanda Gertler ya kafa tare, suna ambaton abin da suka bayyana a matsayin "haɗin gwiwa" da gwamnatin Isra'ila. "Sama da masu fasaha 1,100 ne ke kira ga gidajen tarihi na Burtaniya da su yanke hulda da Asusun Fasaha na Zamani na Outset" . *Jaridar Fasaha* . 29 Nuwamba 2024 . An dawo da shi a ranar 23 ga Oktoba, 2025 .

Bayan zanga-zanga da kuma mamaye Cibiyar Fasaha ta Zamani ta Goldsmiths (CCA) da ƙungiyar masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin bil'adama ta Goldsmiths for Palestine ta yi, cibiyar ta cire sunayen Gertlers daga wani gidan adana kayan tallafi da kuma hukumar bayar da gudummawa daga baya a wannan watan. "Kauracewa kungiyar Goldsmiths CCA mai goyon bayan Falasdinu ya kawo karshe bayan da aka yanke hulda da masu bayar da gudummawa a gidan kayan tarihi" . *Jaridar Fasaha* . 25 Nuwamba 2024 . An dawo da shi a ranar 23 ga Oktoba, 2025 .

A watan Nuwamba na 2024, ta sanar da cewa za ta sauka daga dukkan mukamanta na sa kai a cibiyoyin fasaha na Burtaniya. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Tana da aure da Zak Gertler .  Su Yahudawa ne, kuma suna da 'ya'ya biyu. 

An kira shi "ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu haɓaka gidaje na London".  A shekara ta 2009, Zak Gertler da iyalinsa sun sami kimanin fam miliyan 150, ƙasa da fam miliyan 250 a shekara ta 2008.  "Gertlers sun gina ofisoshi a Jamus, inda suka shiga kasuwar London a shekarun 1990." 

## Manazarta
Jenny Gibbs

**Dame Jennifer Barbara Gibbs** DNZM (née Gore ; an haife ta a ranar 14 ga Satumba, 1940) ƙwararriyar mai ba da agaji ce kuma mai tattara kayan fasaha ta New Zealand, kuma a shekara ta 2007 an bayyana ta a matsayin "zakarar fasahar zamani mafi ci gaba a New Zealand."

## Rayuwar farko da iyali
An haifi Gibbs Jennifer Barbara Gore a Wellington a ranar 14 ga Satumba, 1940, 'yar Barbara Mary Gore (née Standish) da Ross Digby Gore.  Tsakanin 1952 da 1956, ta yi karatu a Kwalejin 'Yan Mata ta Wellington, kuma ta ci gaba da karatu a Kwalejin Jami'ar Victoria daga 1957 zuwa 1960, ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin Fasaha, da Kwalejin Jami'ar Canterbury a 1961, inda ta kammala karatun MA(Hons) .

A shekarar 1961, ta auri Alan Gibbs, kuma suka ci gaba da samun 'ya'ya huɗu. A shekarar 1962 da kuma tsakanin 1965 da 1966, Jenny Gibbs ta kasance ƙaramar malamar tarihi a Jami'ar Victoria ta Wellington. A farkon aurensu da Alan, sun tattara ayyuka da yawa a kan takarda da bugu, lokacin da suke ɗalibai a Jami'ar Victoria ta Wellington. A shekarar 1996, ta rabu da Alan. 

## Hidima da taimakon jama'a
Gibbs ta kasance memba a Majalisar Jami'ar Auckland daga 1975 zuwa 1995, tana aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga shugaban jami'a daga 1985 zuwa 1986 da kuma a 1994. Ayyukan hukumar sun haɗa da Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki da Gidan Tarihi na New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, da kuma a matsayin memba na majalisar ƙasa da ƙasa ta Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani a New York. Ta zauna a kwamitin zaɓen raba gardama kan fansho na New Zealand na 1997, kuma ta jagoranci kwamitin ba da shawara na firaministan kan fasaha da al'adu na APEC New Zealand 1999. 

Ayyukan fasaha da yawa sun amfana daga tallafin Gibbs, ciki har da kafa sabon gidan tarihi a Auckland Art Gallery, da kuma shigar New Zealand a Venice Biennale. A shekarar 2018, ta bayar da gudummawar ayyuka 15 na Gordon Walters ga Auckland Art Gallery.  Ita ce kwamishinar gabatar da New Zealand a bikin Venice Biennale na 2019. 

## Girmamawa da kyaututtuka
A bikin girmama Sarauniya na shekarar 1998, an naɗa Gibbs a matsayin Abokin Hulɗa na Ƙungiyar Kyau ta New Zealand, don ayyukan fasaha.  A bikin girmama Sarauniya na shekarar 2009, an ɗaukaka ta zuwa Dame Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, kuma saboda ayyukan fasaha. 

An naɗa Gibbs a matsayin ma'aikaciyar Jami'ar Auckland a shekarar 1995, saboda hidimar jami'ar.  A shekarar 2004, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Auckland City Distinguished Citizen Award,  kuma a shekarar 2007 ta sami lambar yabo ta Arts Foundation of New Zealand Award for Patronage. 

## Manazarta
Kamari

**Kamari** (Girka) ƙauye ne na kusa da  bakin teku a yankin kudu maso gabashin tsibirin Aegean na Santorini, Girka, a cikin tsibirin Cyclades tare da yawan mutane 1,065 bisa ga ƙididdigar 2021.  Yana daga cikin Municipality na Thira kuma yana da nisan kilomita 8 daga babban birnin tsibirin Fira. Mazauna ƙauyen *Episkopi Gonias* ne suka gina Kamari, wanda girgizar ƙasa mai banƙyama da ta auku a Santorini a watan Yulin 1956. &nbsp;

Ƙauyen ya samo asali  ne daga wani ƙaramin baka (Girkanci: Καμάρα, Kamara) a gefen kudu na bakin tekunsa kuma shine abin da ya rage daga wani tsohon gidan kwastam (Girkanci: Παλιό Τελωνείο, Palió Teloneío) wanda aka gina tsakanin 1537 - 1650. Wannan baka kuma shine wurin da aka saba yin al'adar Ephipany da Blessing of the Water a yankin kowace shekara.

A yau, yana kan gefen bakin teku da ake lulluɓe da duwatsu baƙi, wanda shine mafi tsayi a tsibirin. Tekun ya miƙe daga arewa maso gabas zuwa kudu maso yamma daga Monolithos zuwa ƙafar dutsen Mesa vouno wanda ya kai tsayin kusan mita 400, wanda shine tsaunin mafi girma na biyu a Santorini. A da ƙauyen noma da kamun kifi ne, Kamari na zamani yana da masana'antar yawon buɗe ido mai bunƙasa, yana ba da zaɓi mai yawa na masauki, gidajen cin abinci, gidajen shayi, mashaya da kulab na dare, da kuma ayyukan wasanni na ruwa da yawa.

A shekara ta 2002, an gano wani wuri mai tsarki na archaic da aka keɓe wa Achilles a Kamari.
Fayil:Kamari_sea_view.jpg|Kallon Kamari daga teku. Kololuwar Mesa Vouno tana hagu, ta Profitis Ilias a dama da kuma hanyar da ke ratsawa zuwa Ancient Thera a tsakani.
Fayil:Black_beach_in_Kamari_Santorini.jpg|Tekun Kamari. Ana iya ganin tsohon baka na gidan kwastam kusa da gefen dama na hoton, sama da matakin teku.


## Dubi kuma

* Thera ta Dā
* Episkopi Gonias
* Sellada
Ellen Heaton

**Ellen Heaton** (1816–1894) ƙwararriyar mai taimakon jama'a ce kuma mai tattara zane-zane a Leeds, wacce aka fi sani da goyon bayanta da abota da membobi da abokan hulɗa na Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood da kuma mai sukar fasaha mai tasiri John Ruskin . 

## Tarihin Rayuwa

An haifi Heaton a ranar 8 ga Nuwamba, 1816 a 7 Briggate, Leeds, 'yar John da Ann Heaton kuma babban ɗa.  Ƙanin ta shine likita John Deakin Heaton.  Saboda rashin jin daɗin ci gaba da karatunta saboda ƙiyayya da ake nunawa ga ilimin mata, ta shiga ƙungiyar Leeds Literary and Philosophical Society (wanda ɗan'uwanta, a wani lokaci, shine Shugabanta), tsakanin sauran al'ummomi da ɗakunan karatu daban-daban kuma ta fara yin rubutu da marubuta.

Bayan rasuwar mahaifinta, iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Park Square da ke Leeds. Bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarta, Heaton ta zama mai kula da mahaifinta. Bayan rasuwarsa a shekarar 1852, ta gaji wani adadi mai yawa, wanda ya ba ta damar yin tafiye-tafiye da kuma fara tarin kayan fasaha. A shekarar 1859 ta sayi gidan da ke 6 Woodhouse Square inda ta zauna har tsawon rayuwarta.  Heaton fitacciyar mai tattara kayan fasaha ce, wacce tarin zane-zanen da suka gabata kafin Raphaelite yanzu ke ajiye a Tate Britain. 

A cikin labarinta game da ƙungiyar Pre-Raphaelite, Fiona MacCarthy ta bayyana ta a matsayin "mace mai kuɗi, mai tafiya da kyau, kuma mai gaskiya." Ba ta da sha'awar zane-zanen Pre-Raphaelite masu ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa, kuma ta bar Ruskin kunya lokacin da ta ƙi wani zanen Burne-Jones da ya jawo hankalinta.

## Jagorori
Sunan Heaton yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda aka nuna a kan sassaka *Ribbons*, wanda aka buɗe a shekarar 2024.  

Gidanta yanzu shine harabar Cibiyar Ilimi ta Swarthmore, wacce ke gudanar da lacca ta shekara-shekara don tunawa da ita.  Akwai wani allo mai launin shuɗi da aka keɓe mata a gidan.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Gidan Ellen Heaton, 6 Woodhouse Square
Harsunan Kwalean

Harsunan Kwalean ko Humene-Uare ƙaramin rukuni ne na harsunan Trans-New Guinea da ake magana a cikin "Tsitson's Wutsiya" (kudu maso gabashin yankin) na New Guinea. An rarraba su cikin reshen kudu maso gabashin Papua na Trans-New Guinea.

Ana magana da yarukan Kwalean a Gundumar Rigo, Papua New Guinea>Lardin Tsakiya, Papua New Guinea . 

## Harsuna
Harsunan sune Humene, Uare (Kwale) da kuma Mulaha da aka daɗe ba a sani ba. Ba a fayyace ko Mulaha ya kasance mai zaman kansa ba, ko kuma yana kusa da sauran kamar yadda suke kusa da juna.

## Rarraba
Humene da Uare suna kusa sosai (70% na asali), Mulaha ya fi nesa (22% tare da Uare).

Søren Wichmann ba ya yarda da dangin Kwalean (2013), wanda ya raba shi zuwa ƙungiyoyi biyu daban-daban, wato Humene-Uare da Mulaha . 

## Harshe na asali

### Fonoems
Usher (2020) ya sake gina lissafin ma'anar Humene da Uare kamar haka: 

k yana da wuya.

Sautin sune *i *e *ɛ *a *ɔ *o *u.

### Wakilan sunaye
Usher (2020) ya sake gina sunayen Humene-Uare kamar haka: 

### Kalmomin asali
Wasu sake fasalin ƙamus na Usher (2020) sune: 

## Kwatanta ƙamus
Kalmomin ƙamus na asali masu zuwa sun fito ne daga Dutton (1970)  (tare da ƙarin bayanai don Uare daga bayanan filin SIL na 1988), kamar yadda aka ambata a cikin bayanan Trans-New Guinea.  Sake fasalin Proto-Kwalean ya fito ne daga Ross (2014).

Lura cewa kalmomin da aka ambata sun zama kwatankwacin fassarar, ko suna da alaƙa (misali nuune, *nune* don "mama") ko a'a (misali hadi, *aroba* don "dutse").
Lucretia Johanna van Winter

**Lucretia Johanna van Winter** (an haife ta ne a ranar 15 ga ga watan Afrilu, na shekara ta alif dari bakwai da tamanin da biyar 1785 - 28 ga Fabrairu, 1845) ta kasance mai tattara kayan fasaha na ƙasar Holland.

An haifi hunturu a Amsterdam a matsayin ɗan fari ga attajirin ɗan kasuwa Pieter van Winter wanda ya karɓi baƙi zuwa gidan adana kayan fasaha da ya girka a bayan gidansa *Saxenburg*, Keizersgracht 244. Ya sayi gidan akan kuɗin taurari na Dfl. 100,000 daga Jean de Neufville . A shekara ta 1800 mahaifiyarta ta mutu kuma a shekara ta 1807 mahaifinta ya mutu, ya bar tarin kamar yadda yake a gidan iyali, hotunansa sun zama mallakar ɗan'uwan Lucretia. Sauran zane-zanen za a raba su tsakanin Lucretia da ƙanwarta Anna Louisa, wacce daga baya za ta tara tarin kayan fasaha nata. 

Bayan auren ɗan'uwanta, Lucretia ta sayi gidan Herengracht 440 a shekarar 1809.  Gidan adana kayan tarihi na mahaifinta ya kasance a shirye don kallo a gidan iyayenta (yanzu gidan ɗan'uwanta) kuma za a raba shi bayan ƙaramar 'yar'uwa Anna Louisa ta girma. Anna Louisa ta ɗauki rabonta na tarin kayan tarihi lokacin da ta auri jonkheer Willem van Loon a shekarar 1815, amma Lucretia ta riga ta yi siyayyarta ta farko ta zane-zane tun daga shekarar 1810 da nufin ƙirƙirar gidan adana kayan tarihi na kanta kuma ta haɗa rabin tarin kayan tarihin mahaifinta da wannan ƙaramin tarin kayan tarihin nata. Ta ci gaba da tattarawa da sunanta har zuwa 1820, tana siyan zane-zane 71 da kanta. A shekarar 1822, tana da shekaru 37, Lucretia ta auri Hendrik Six van Hillegom (1790-1847) kuma ma'auratan suka koma gidansa da ke Herengracht 509-511. Bayan haka duk sayayyar zane-zane an yi su ne da sunansa, amma ana kyautata zaton ta ci gaba da zama mai son tara kaya tunda babu wani bayani da ya nuna cewa yana yin siyayyar zane-zane kafin aurensa.

Daga cikin fitattun zane-zanen da Lucretia ta saya da kanta akwai na Vermeer's Milkmaid da The Little Street . Bayan mutuwar Lucretia, tarin ya koma hannun mijinta kuma a lokacin da ya mutu a shekarar 1847, ya koma hannun 'ya'yansu maza. A shekarar 1877, magada Anna Louisa suka sayar da tarin Van Loon-Winter a matsayin tubali ga dangin Paris Rothschild, wanda ya haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce a jaridun Holland (ya haɗa da hotunan Pendant na Maerten Soolmans da Oopjen Coppit, da sauransu). Lokacin da 'ya'yan Lucretia suka mutu, jikokinta ma sun yi tsammanin za su sayar da tarin, amma Rijksmuseum ya sayi babban kaso a tsakanin muhawara game da darajar. Sun karɓi tayin daga magada don mai shayarwa ta Vermeer tare da wasu zane-zane 38 don Dfl. 750,000.

## Manazarta

* Lucretia Johanna van Winter in the RKD with links to paintings with her name in the provenance records
* R. Priem, 'The "most excellent collection" of Lucretia Johanna van Winter: the years 1809-22, with a catalogue of the works purchased', Simiolus 25 (1997), p.&nbsp;103-235
Sanarwar (computing)

Sanarwa na  (**ANN**) ita ce Usenet, Jerin wasiku ko saƙon imel da aka aika don sanar da masu biyan kuɗi cewa aikin software ya yi sabon sigar saki. Masu karɓar **sanarwar** Newsgroup galibi suna da suna kamar "comp.somegroup.announce". Masu karɓar sanarwar n jerin aikawasiku galibi suna da suna kamar "toolname-announce". A cikin sanarwa, layin jigon yawanci yana ɗauke da taƙaitaccen prefix. **ANN:** ko **[ANN]**.

Abubuwan da ke cikin sanarwa yawanci suna ɗauke da layin taken da ke ɗauke da sunan kayan aiki, sigar, sunan fitarwa, da kwanan wata. Ƙarin abubuwan da ke ciki galibi suna cikin sassan saƙonni masu zuwa:

* **Game da:** taƙaitaccen sakin layi na manufar kayan aikin
* **Canje-canje:** jerin canje-canje mafi girma tun lokacin da aka saki na ƙarshe (ya kamata ya zama takaice tunda changelog ya ƙunshi jerin sunayen) 
* Albarkatun: hanyoyin haɗi zuwa shafukan aikin sha'awa, kamar shafin gida, inda za a sauke, Tsarin bin diddigin kwari, da dai sauransu.

Wasu ƙarin, filayen zaɓi na iya haɗawa da "Highlights", "Author (s) ", "License", "Requirements", da "Release History".

Ana aika saƙonnin sanarwar a cikin rubutu mai sauƙi.

## Misali
Misali na sanarwar saƙo mai laushi:
 ANN: fooutils 0.9.42 beta released
Misali na sanarwar saƙon abun ciki:
```
==============================================
  Fooutils 0.9.42 Beta Released -- 2006 Feb 16
 ==============================================

 ANNOUNCING Fooutils v0.2.12beta, the first beta release.

 About Fooutils
 --------------
 Fooutils are a set of utilities that...

 Changes
 -------
 Improved the searching facility by including...
 Fixed bugs: #123, #456, ...

 Resources
 ---------
 Homepage:
   http://fooutils.org

 Documentation:
   http://fooutils.org/docs

 Download:
   http://fooutils.org/download

 Bug Tracker:
   http://fooutils.org/newticket

 Mailing Lists:
   http://lists.fooutils.org/
```


## Dubi kuma

* Jerin taƙaitaccen batutuwan imel

## Ƙarin karantawa

*
Masallacin Wuriyanga

**[[Masallaci]] Wuriyanga** masallaci ne a yankin Upper East na Ghana .  Tana kudu maso gabashin Bawku kuma bayan Garu  .

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
An yi imanin cewa an gina masallacin ne a karni na 19.  Ana iƙirarin cewa waɗanda suka kafa masallacin Wuriyanga Musulmai ne na Mossi waɗanda suka yi ƙaura daga yamma a kusa da yankin Bobo-Dioulasso a Burkina Faso. Kusasar sun sanya wa wurin suna 'widiyang' ma'ana doki mace amma an lalata shi zuwa woriyanga. Mossi na ƙauyen sun gina masallacinsu na farko wanda yayi kama da salon ƙasarsu.

An yi masallacin da adobe, ba shi da madauri a waje kuma yana da hasumiya ɗaya kawai. Kamar sauran masallatai a yankunan arewa da Savannah na Ghana, an gina Masallacin Wuriyanga a cikin salon gine-gine na gargajiya na Sudano-Sahelian tare da alamun tasirin Djenne, ta amfani da kayan gida da dabarun gini. Rufin masallacin mai nauyi da lebur yana da kauri da ginshiƙai da yawa a ciki. Ginin yana da siffar murabba'i..

## Dubi kuma
 

* Musulunci a Ghana
* Jerin masallatai a Ghana
Emily and Jerry Spiegel

**Emily Joy Spiegel** ( née Rosenblatt ; Disamba 21, 1928 - Fabrairu 16, 2009) da **Jerome E. Spiegel** (Yuli 4, 1925 - Nuwamba 3, 2009) su ne masu haɓaka gidaje na Amurka da masu tattara kayan fasaha waɗanda ke zaune a Long Island, New York.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Jerome E. "Jerry" Spiegel a Brooklyn, New York City a ranar 4 ga Yuli, 1925.  Mahaifinsa ya mutu yana ɗan shekara uku.  Yawancin lokacin ƙuruciyarsa ya yi amfani da gonar dankalin kawunsa mai fadin eka 115 a Smithtown, Long Island, New York.

An haifi Emily Joy Rosenblatt a ranar 21 ga Disamba, 1928, kuma ta mutu a ranar 16 ga Fabrairu, 2009.  Ita 'yar Jacob H. Rosenblatt ce da Carrie Skloot Rosenblatt, wacce mai zane ce a cikin gida, kuma ta mutu a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba, 2000, tana da shekaru 94.

## Sana'a
A shekarar 1945, Jerome ya fara kamfaninsa na farko a Hicksville, yana gina gidaje na kewayen birni ga sojojin da suka dawo gida daga Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kuma zuwa 1950 yana gina gida ɗaya a kowace rana.  A shekarar 1952, ya gina Kasuwar Manoma ta Nassau, cibiyar siyayya ta cikin gida ta farko a Long Island, kuma zuwa 1971 shi ne babban mai mallakar gidaje na kasuwanci da masana'antu a Long Island.   Ya mutu a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2009. 

## Masu tattara zane-zane
Sun tattara zane-zane da sassaka na Amurka da Jamus bayan yaƙin, da kuma ɗaukar hoto. 

Sun kasance "zakararrun farko" na masu fasaha, ciki har da Sigmar Polke, Gerhard Richter, Christopher Wool da Anselm Kiefer .  Sun kuma tattara ayyukan masu daukar hoto, ciki har da Edward Steichen, Man Ray, Paul Outerbridge, Paul Strand da Diane Arbus . 

Kowace 'ya mace ta sami kusan rabin (bisa ƙima) na tarin iyayenta kuma a watan Mayu na 2017 ta yi tallace-tallace masu hamayya, Pamela tare da Christie's, Lise tare da Sotheby's .  Lise ta yi gwanjon aiki ɗaya kawai, na Jean-Michel Basquiat 's 1982 *Untitled*, wanda iyayenta suka saya akan $19,000 a 1984; an sayar da shi akan dala miliyan 110.5 ga hamshakin ɗan kasuwa kuma mai tara kayan fasaha na Japan Yusaku Maezawa . 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
A shekarar 1954, Emily Rosenblatt ta auri Jerome Spiegel a Queens, birnin New York. 

Suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu, Pamela Sanders da Lise Spiegel Wilks, waɗanda ke da "ƙaramin rikici wanda ba a san asalinsa ba", kuma ba sa magana da junansu. [1] 'Yan'uwa mata biyu sun kammala karatunsu daga Jami'ar Pennsylvania kuma dukkansu suna da aure da mazan da ke da gidaje.

Emily da Jerry Spiegel suna zaune a lamba 10 Broadlawn Avenue a Kings Point, Long Island, New York.   Dukansu sun mutu a shekara ta 2009.   

## Gado
A shekarar 1953, sun kafa Gidauniyar Iyali ta Jerry da Emily Spiegel, wacce ke ba da kuɗaɗen ayyukan agaji, al'umma da ilimi a faɗin Long Island.  Gidauniyar ita ce ke da alhakin Gidan Wasan Kwaikwayo na Jerry da Emily Spiegel da ke Jami'ar Hofstra, da kuma wani reshe a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Yahudawa ta Long Island .

A shekara ta 2001, sun ba wa gidan tarihi na fasahar zamani kyautar azurfa ta Andy Warhol ta 1963 *Silver Double Elvis* .  Kyautar ta kasance don girmama Kirk Varnedoe, abokin Spiegels kuma babban mai kula da zane da sassaka a can daga 1988 zuwa 2001. 

## Manazarta
Vita Liberte

**Vita Liberte** lauya ce 'yar ƙasar Latvia, mai tattara zane-zane, mai kula da ita, kuma 'yar kasuwa.  An san ta a matsayin babbar abokiyar hulɗar BDO Law da BDO Latvia,  memba ce a kwamitin Kim? Cibiyar Fasaha ta Zamani kuma wacce ta kafa gidauniyar fasaha ta VV Foundation. 

## Sana'a
Liberte ta fara tafiyarta ta ƙwararru a New York, tana aiki a PricewaterhouseCoopers (PWC). Ta koma Latvia a shekara ta 2001 kuma ta ci gaba da aikinta tare da Deloitte Latvia har zuwa 2007.  A shekara ta 2007, Liberte ta kafa BDO Zelmenis&Liberte tare da abokin aikin Deloitte Latvia Jānis Zelmenis, wanda daga baya ya zama BDO Latvia, wani ɓangare na BDO Global .  Kamfanin yana ba da ayyuka daban-daban na shari'a da shawarwari ga masana'antu da abokan ciniki daban-daban,  gami da cibiyoyin gwamnati. 

A shekarar 2022, Dokar Shari'a ta 500 ta amince da Dokar BDO a matsayin jagora a fannin haraji, inda ta kuma sanya kamfanin lauyoyi a cikin manyan kwararru a fannonin dokokin kamfanoni da kasuwanci, harkokin banki da harkokin kudi, ayyukan warware takaddama da kuma dokokin gasa. 

## Tarin fasaha da kuma tallafawa
A shekarar 2018, Liberte ta kafa Gidauniyar VV don tallafawa fasahar zamani da kuma renon matasa masu fasaha daga Latvia da yankin Baltic . Tana haɓaka samun dama da ilimi ga fasahar zamani ta Latvia ta hanyoyi daban-daban, ta hanyar gabatar da masu fasaha na Latvia a ƙasashen waje da kuma gayyatar masu fasaha da masu kula da su daga wasu ƙasashe zuwa Latvia. Gidauniyar tana ba da kulawa ta musamman ga kerawa mai kula da muhalli wanda ke neman bincika da haɓaka haɗin kai tsakanin muhalli a cikin hangen nesa bayan ɗan adam. 

A shekarar 2021, Gidauniyar VV ta buɗe gidan tarihi na zane-zane da kuma zama na ƙasashen duniya PAiR (Pāvilosta Artist in Residency) a Pāvilosta . Wurin zama yana ba da masauki, sararin studio, da kuma dama ga masu fasaha na Latvia da na ƙasashen duniya don haɓaka musayar ƙirƙira da haɗin gwiwa ta hanyar bincika sabbin ra'ayoyi da hanyoyin aiki a cikin ayyukansu.

Tun daga shekarar 2022, Liberte ta kasance tana aiki a matsayin Babban Jami'in Hulɗa na Uruguay a Latvia  kuma memba ne na Kwamitin Sayayya na Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai na Tate. 

## Kyaututtuka
2019: Ta zo ta 43 a jerin *Forbes Baltic* TSARIN mata 50 mafi nasara a kasuwanci. 

2019: An sanya ta a matsayi na 1 a fannin kasuwanci a manyan shugabannin mata na mujallar *Pastaiga* . 

2021: "Mata Masu Daraja a Harajin 2021" ta ITR World Tax (an zaɓe su). 

## Manazarta
Mercedes Santamarina

**Mercedes Santamarina Gastañaga** (18 ga Yuni 1896 - 23 ga Mayu 1972) ta kasance mai tattara kayan fasaha na Argentina kuma mai kula da ita . Tun tana ƙarama take sha'awar zane-zane, Santamarina ta tara tarin kayan tarihi a tsawon rayuwarta. A cikin 'yan shekarunta na ƙarshe ta ba da gudummawar yawancin kayan tarihinta ga Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes da ke Buenos Aires da Museo Municipal de Bellas Artes Tandil da ke Tandil.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Mercedes Santamarina a ranar 18 ga Yuni, 1896 a Buenos Aires   cikin dangin masu hannu da shuni na asalin Sipaniya. Iyayenta sune Ramón Santamarina II da María Gaztañaga   kuma ita ce ta shida cikin 'ya'ya goma.  Santamarina jikanyar ɗan kasuwa ce Ramon Santamarina,  wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin wanda ya kafa iyalin. Iyalan Santamarina sun mallaki *La Pola*,  wani babban *fili* (filin sirri) a Tandil a Lardin Buenos Aires .  Tunda kasuwancin mahaifin Santamarina shi ma yana Tandil, ta yi yawancin yarintarta a can. 

Bayan mutuwar mahaifinta a shekarar 1909, Santamarina ta gaji *La Pola* .  Tun tana babba, galibi tana zaune a Buenos Aires, kodayake yawanci tana yin lokacin bazara a Tandil.  Santamarina ta fara sha'awar zane-zane tun tana ƙarama  kuma ta sadaukar da rayuwarta wajen tattara zane-zane.  Ta sami yawancin tarin kayanta a Paris,  birni da take yawan zuwa  kuma wani lokacin tana zama a ciki.  Ta yi tafiyarta ta farko zuwa Paris kafin barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya .  Tarin zane-zanen Santamarina ya ƙunshi ayyuka masu mahimmanci da tarihi masu mahimmanci,   galibi zane-zanen Faransa na ƙarni na 19  na masu fasaha kamar Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, Jean-Louis Forain, Édouard Manet, Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Auguste Rodin, Alfred Sisley, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec da Félix Ziem . 

Santamarina ta yi gwanjon kayan zane da kayayyaki masu kyau da yawa a shekarar 1946. Tunda wannan shekarar ce mahaifiyarta ta mutu, da yawa daga cikin kayan da aka sayar wataƙila mallakar mahaifiyarta ce.  Santamarina ta mutu a Buenos Aires a ranar 23 ga Mayu 1972, tana da shekaru 75.  

## Gado
Santamarina ta mutu ba tare da aure ba kuma ba ta da ɗa. A cikin wasiyyarta, ta ba wa ɗan uwanta Jorge de Alvear Santamarina La Pola .

A ƙarshen rayuwarta, Santamarina ta ba da gudummawar manyan sassan tarin zane-zane, sassaka da kayan daki.  A shekarar 1970, ta ba da gudummawar yawancin tarin zane-zanenta ga Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes da ke Buenos Aires, kuma a shekarar 1971 ta ba da gudummawar kusan kayayyaki ɗari daban-daban ga Museo Municipal de Bellas Artes Tandil da ke Tandil.  Ana ɗaukar tarin a Tandil a matsayin muhimmin ɓangare na gadon al'adun birnin.  Tarin kayanta a Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes ya mamaye ɗakuna na 18 da 19 na gidan kayan tarihi kuma an ba da gudummawar ne kawai bisa ga ƙa'ida cewa dole ne a nuna tarin tare.  Da farko an yi niyyar tattara kayan da ke Tandil ya mamaye ɗakuna biyu amma an sanya kayan ƙarshe a cikin ɗaki ɗaya a shekarar 1973.  An sace babban ɓangare na kayan da ke Buenos Aires a shekarar 1980 kuma an sake sace wasu (kodayake a wannan lokacin bugu biyu kawai) a shekarar 1997. 

## Manazarta
Patrizia Sandretto Re Rebaudengo

**Patrizia Sandretto Re Rebaudengo** (an haife ta a Turin, 24 Afrilu 1959)  ƙwararriyar mai tattara kayan fasaha ce ta Italiya, mai kula da kayan tarihi kuma mai zaman kansa, wacce aka san ta da tarin kayan fasaha masu yawa, goyon bayan matasa masu fasaha, da kuma rawar da take takawa wajen sauya wuraren al'adu.        Ita ce shugabar Fondazione Sandretto Re Rebaudengo . 

## Rayuwar farko
Sandretto Re Rebaudengo ta kammala karatunta a fannin tattalin arziki da kasuwanci kafin ta shiga harkar tattara kayan fasaha na zamani a farkon shekarun 1990.  Tafiyarta zuwa fasahar zamani ta fara ne a shekarar 1992 a lokacin wata tafiya zuwa Landan, inda ta ziyarci ɗakin studio na Anish Kapoor kuma ta haɗu da fitattun mutane a duniyar fasaha kamar Nicholas Logsdail na Lisson Gallery, Jay Jopling na White Cube, da kuma daraktan Tate na gaba Nicholas Serota . 

## Wuraren fasaha da tarin abubuwa
A shekarar 1995, ta kafa Fondazione Sandretto Rebaudengo, wadda da farko ta nuna tarin kayanta da ke girma a gidan danginta da ke Guarene. A shekarar 2002, ta bude wani wurin fasaha na musamman a Turin, wanda Claudio Silvestrin ya tsara.

Sandretto Re Rebaudengo tana da tarin ayyukan fasaha na zamani kuma ta tallafa kuma ta ba da izinin ayyukan fasaha kusan 100. Tarin ayyukanta ya haɗa da ayyukan masu fasaha na zamaninta kamar Carla Accardi da Mario Merz, ƙananan masu fasaha kamar Avery Singer da Adrián Villar Rojas, kusan kayan ado 1,000, kusan hotuna 3,000, da ayyukan manyan masu fasaha kamar Maurizio Cattelan da Damien Hirst .     An nuna tarin ayyukanta a shekarar 2023 a Palazzo Strozzi, Florence, a cikin baje kolin "Reaching for the Stars," wanda ke bikin cika shekaru 30 da kafuwar tarin ayyukanta. 

## Gudummawa da tasiri
Sandretto Re Rebaudengo tana tallafawa matasa masu fasaha sosai, musamman ta hanyar samar da sabbin ayyuka da kuma bayar da umarnin yin aiki.   Gidauniyarta tana aiki tare da cibiyoyi daban-daban, ciki har da haɗin gwiwa da Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Philadelphia don ayyukan da suka dogara da lokaci.  

Sandretto Re Rebaudengo yana kan allunan talla da dama, ciki har da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta New York's Museum of Modern Art da kuma London's Tate.  

## Tsibirin San Giacomo
A shekarar 2018, Sandretto Re Rebaudengo da mijinta sun sayi tsibirin San Giacomo a Paludo a cikin tafkin Venice. Tsibirin, wanda aka yi watsi da shi tun shekarun 1960, ana mayar da shi cibiyar al'adu da dorewa ta al'adu daban-daban.  Aikin ya haɗa da wuraren zama na masu fasaha, nune-nunen, wasanni, da ayyukan bincike kan dorewa da makamashi mai sabuntawa, wanda aka shirya budewa don bikin Venice Biennale na 2024.   

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Tana da aure da Agostino Re Rebaudengo,  wanda ya kafa Asja Ambiente Italia, wani kamfanin makamashi mai sabuntawa, kuma wanda ya kafa tare kuma mataimakin shugaban Fondazione Sandretto Re Rebaudengo. Suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu.  An kuma san ta da tarin kayan ado na Amurka na da, waɗanda take tattarawa tun ƙarshen shekarun 1980. 

## Manazarta
Charlotte von Rothschild

*Freifrau* **Charlotte von Rothschild** (13 ga Yuni 1819 - 13 ga Maris 1884) ’yar asalin Jamus ce kuma ’yar Burtaniya. Ta kasance memba na dangin bankin Rothschild na Naples . 

## Iyali
An haifi Rothschild a cikin sanannen dangin bankunan Yahudawa, Rothschilds. Ita ce babbar 'ya kuma 'ya tilo ga Carl Mayer  von Rothschild da Adelheid Herz. 

An haife ta a Frankfurt am Main, Jamus a ranar 13 ga Yuni, 1819.   Iyayenta biyu Yahudawa ne.

## Aure
Saboda rashin jituwa a cikin iyalan Rothschild muhimmin ɓangare ne na dabarunsu na tabbatar da cewa ikon mallakar dukiyarsu ya ci gaba da kasancewa a hannun iyalansu, a ranar 15 ga Yuni 1836, kwana biyu bayan cikarta shekaru goma sha bakwai, Rothschild ta auri Lionel  de Rothschild (1808–1879), ɗan uwanta na farko daga reshen gidan Ingila .  Sun haifi 'ya'ya kamar haka:

# Leonora (1837–1911)
# Evelina (1839–1866)
# Nathan Mayer (1840–1915)
# Alfred Charles (1842–1918)
# Leopold (1845–1917)

Ma'auratan sun zauna a gida mai lamba 148 Piccadilly da Gunnersbury Park da ke Landan, inda, a al'adar dangin Ingila, ta yi amfani da salon "de" Rothschild. Auren da Rothschild ta shirya ya bunƙasa tsawon shekaru 43 bisa ga ƙauna da girmamawa ga juna. A zamanin da aka bayyana rawar maza da mata a sarari, Charlotte ta fi mijinta ilimi a fannin fasaha kuma za ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a yawancin tarin fasaharsu. 

A shekara ta 1858, mijinta ya zama Bayahude na farko da bai tuba ba da ya zauna a Majalisar Wakilai ta Burtaniya . Charlotte *Freifrau* de Rothschild ta zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan gurguzu a Ingila waɗanda a cewar mai rubuta tarihin rayuwar Stanley Weintraub, aka fifita gayyatar cin abincin dare fiye da waɗanda suka fito daga Fadar Buckingham .

A shekarar 1844, *Freifrau* ta haifar da wani abin mamaki a cikin al'ummar Landan lokacin da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka PT Barnum da ɗan wasan tsakiya mai suna " Tom Thumb " suka yi wasa a gidanta. Duk da haka, bayan hulɗa da nishadantarwa, Charlotte von Rothschild ta kasance mai sadaukar da kai ga ƙungiyoyin agaji da yawa waɗanda ke da sha'awar ilimi. 

## Mutuwa
Rothschild ta mutu a gidanta na Gunnersbury Park a ranar 13 ga Maris, 1884 kuma aka binne ta kusa da mijinta a Makabartar Yahudawa ta Willesden . Bayan rasuwarta, babban ɗanta ya sanya wa wani sabon rukunin gidaje da aka gina wa masu ƙarancin kuɗi suna "Ginin Charlotte."

## Duba kuma

* Iyalan bankin Rothschild na Ingila

## Manazarta
Muriel Rose

**Muriel Rose** (1897–1986) ta kasance mai tattarawa da tallata sana'o'i da zane na zamani, mai kula da kayan tarihi, mai gidan tarihi kuma marubuciya, kuma mai mahimmanci a cikin motsi na Fasaha da Sana'o'i na baya .   An bayyana ta a matsayin wacce ta "ba da gudummawa mai girma ga ci gaban sana'o'in hannu"  kuma a matsayin mai sulhu na abin da ya zama "canon" na tukwane na studio na Burtaniya. 

An haifi Rose a shekara ta 1897.   Da farko ta yi aiki tare da Dorothy Hutton a Gidan Tarihi na Three Shields da ke Kensington .  Ita da Margaret Turnbull sun fara nasu gidan tarihi, Little Gallery, a 5 Ellis Street kusa da Sloane Square a Landan a shekara ta 1928.   Sun sayar da sana'o'in hannu da aka samo daga Tsarin Ofishin Masana'antu na Karkara, wanda aka kafa don tallafawa al'ummomin ma'adinai a Wales da Durham.    Rose "ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sake kafa aikin faci da dinki a Wales".  Bayanan da ta yi game da tarurrukanta da mata daga al'ummomin ma'adinai waɗanda aikinsu ya sayar suna ba da haske game da yanayin zamantakewa na lokacin. 

Shagon ya kuma sayar da ayyukan Phyllis Barron, Dorothy Larcher, Enid Marx, Catherine Cockerell, Tirzah Garwood, Katherine Pleydell-Bouverie, Norah Braden, Bernard Leach, Shōji Hamada da Michael Cardew .    Shi ma wani waje ne na sana'o'i daga wasu sassan duniya.    Shagon ya rufe a shekarar 1940.  

Bayan haka, Rose, tare da Bernard Leach, sun zaɓi sana'o'in hannu na Birtaniya da za a baje kolin su a Amurka.   Wannan ya zama Nunin Sana'o'in Zamani na Burtaniya, wanda aka fara nuna shi a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Metropolitan da ke New York a 1942, sannan a kewaye Amurka da Kanada na tsawon shekaru uku masu zuwa.    Wannan ya sa Majalisar Burtaniya ta fara tarin sana'o'inta, tare da Rose a matsayin Jami'ar Zane-zane da Zane-zanen Masana'antu ta Majalisar.    A 1946, ta shirya wani baje kolin sana'o'in hannu na karkara na Burtaniya wanda ya yi tafiya zuwa Ostiraliya da New Zealand.  

Rose tana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka shirya taron ƙasa da ƙasa na masu tukwane da masu saƙa na 1952 a Dartington Hall . Littafinta mai suna The Artist Potter in England (1954) shine tarihin farko na masu tukwane na studio na Burtaniya.

Rose tana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Sana'o'i kuma masu kula da ita, kuma ta bar tarin kayanta da taskar kayanta a wurin.    

A shekarun 1970, Rose ta zauna a Coggeshall da ke Essex .  Ta mutu a shekarar 1986. 

A shekarar 2020, wani baje kolin yadi a Two Temple Place ya haɗa da ayyukan da Rose ta tattara.  

## Ƙarin karatu

* *[https://issuu.com/studiohyde/docs/murielrose Muriel Rose: Legacy Sana'o'in Zamani]* (2008) ed. Jean Vacher
* *Muriel Rose da Little Gallery* (1989) na Kate Woodhead
* "Muriel Rose - Yaƙin Jihadi na Mace Ɗaya don Sana'ar Burtaniya" (2006), a cikin *Mujallar Selvedge*
* Sashe akan Rose a cikin *[https://books.google.com/books?id=wU-8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PP13 Cikakken Littafin Kwando]* (2013) na Dorothy Wright
* "Muriel Rose" na Carolyn Ferguson, ''The Quilter'', bazara 2007

## Manazarta
Helen Serger

Helen Serger kwararriya ce a fannin zane-zane kuma dillalin fasahar zamani, musamman a farkon shekarun 20 na karni na 20. An kuma san ta da gabatar da baje kolin mata masu fasaha kamar Hannah Höch da Sonia Delaunay .

## Hotunan Hotuna
Serger ta kafa gidan tarihi na La Boetie a gefen gabas na birnin New York. Ta rubuta kuma ta buga kundin bayanai da dama game da masu fasaha da ayyukan fasaha da aka nuna a gidan tarihinta, wadanda suka hada da *zane-zane, zane-zane, zane-zanen ruwa da kwafi na masters na karni na 20* (1972), *Art of the [[Bauhaus]] : artists and publications* (1982), *Hannah Höch, 1889-1978 : zane-zanen mai da ayyukan da aka yi a kan takarda* (1983), *Sonia Delaunay, rythmes et couleurs*, tare da haɗin gwiwar Kunsthandel Wolfgang Werner KG, Bremen (1987), da kuma *Strictly Drawings: 20th Century Masters (1985)*   Gidan Tarihi na Metropolitan, New York ne ke da gidan Frederick da Helen Serger Collection, wanda aka bai wa Helen Serger, don girmama William S. Lieberman.  Gidan Tarihi na Serger kuma ya nuna ayyukan Kurt Schwitters, Paul Klee, Egon Schiele, Wassily Kandinsky da sauran masters na Modern Art . Tarin Serger, wanda yanzu Gidan Tarihi na Metropolitan a New York ke da shi, ya haɗa da ayyukan Pierre Bonnard, Marc Chagall, Lyonel Feininger, Josef Albers da sauransu. 

Serger ta kasance mai goyon bayan mata masu fasaha a lokacin da ba a samun wakilci sosai a ayyukan mata. Abin lura shi ne, a shekarun 1980, ta shirya kuma ta gabatar da nunin nunin guda biyu mai taken *Matan Avant-garde* . Mai suka, Hilton Kramer, ta yi bitar farko daga cikin wadannan nunin, tana rubutawa: "...nunin yana sa mu kusanci da ayyukan masu fasaha da yawa - musamman tsakanin Turawa - waɗanda wataƙila ba mu san su ba. Kuma ko da a inda aka san wasu daga cikin sunayen sosai... takamaiman ayyukan da aka nuna mana ba su saba da su ba." Marlow Moss na New York Times ya ambaci da yawa daga cikin waɗannan mata a matsayin "wahayi na gaske." 

Serger ta yi yawo a duniya don kasuwanci da kuma koyo game da fasaha da sauran al'adu; ta ci gaba da yin hakan har zuwa shekarunta na tamanin. 

## Kyaututtuka
A shekarar 1990, an ba Serger kyautar Mata ta Ƙungiyar Fasaha ta Rayuwa . 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Serger a shekarar 1901 a Silesia da ke Tsakiyar Turai, wani gari da ke cikin daular Austria-Hungary a lokacin, kuma yanzu wani ɓangare ne na Poland. Ita da mijinta Frederick Serger, wani mai zane, sun fara tattara fasahar zamani a shekarun 1930 yayin da suke zaune a Turai. Ta zama mai tattara kayan tarihi kuma sau da yawa tana siyan ayyukan fasaha a Paris. A lokacin mamayar Poland a shekarar 1939, Serger ta yi watsi da tarin kayanta, amma ta sayi iliminta da sha'awarta na tattara zane-zane tare da ita. Sergers sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a shekarar 1941, kuma suka fara kasuwanci a matsayin mai zane-zane na sirri a shekarun 1950.  

## Manazarta
Susanna Perini

**Susanna Perini** ƙwararriyar mai tsara kayan kwalliya ce kuma mai tattara kayan fasaha da ke Bali, Indonesia. Ita ce ta kafa kamfanin BIASA  da kuma cibiyar fasaha ta BIASA ArtSpace. Babban gudunmawar da ta bayar ga ci gaban kayan kwalliya da fasaha a Indonesia ya sa gwamnatin Italiya ta ba ta lambar yabo ta jarumin Order of Merit of the Republic a shekarar 2017. 

## Shekarun farko
An haife ta a cikin dangin masu yin kwalliya a Rome, Italiya, Susanna Perini ta riga ta saba da fasahar zane tun tana ƙarama. Bayan kammala karatun digirinta na farko, Perini ta ɗauki hoto ta tafi Bali, Indonesia, don wani aiki da mujallar mako-mako IO Donna ta yi mata. Matashiyar 'yar Italiya ta sami kwarin gwiwa daga al'adun tsibirin na wurare masu zafi, tun daga bukukuwa daban-daban har zuwa cikakkun bayanai game da al'adun gargajiya da kayan sutura na gargajiya. Ta mayar da Bali gida ta auri mai zane ɗan Amurka Paul Ropp a can. Bayan ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu, Nova Ropp da Sayang Ropp, suka rabu.

## Tsarin kwalliya
A shekarar 1994, Perini ta buɗe shagon BIASA na farko a Seminyak, inda ta shahara da salon zamani na wurare masu zafi da fararen yadin lilin. Zuwa yanzu, alamar ta bunƙasa da shaguna shida a Bali da shago ɗaya a Kemang, Kudancin Jakarta. 

## Zane-zane
Ta hanyar tattaunawa da masu fasaha na Indonesia, Perini ta buɗe BIASA ArtSpace a shekara ta 2005.  Cibiyar ta wanzu ne don samun karrama masu fasaha na Indonesia daga masu tattara fasaha a ciki da wajen Indonesia. 

Ta hanyar BIASA ArtSpace, Perini ta taimaka wajen fassara da buga wasu sharhin adabi daga fitacciyar mai sukar fasaha ta Italiya Achille Bonita Oliva . Lakabin wallafe-wallafen sun haɗa da "Thisooriented. 2nd Stage  " (2009), sharhi kan baje kolin mai ɗaukar hoto Matteo Basilé a BIASA ArtSpace, da kuma "Art Beyond The Year Thousand" (2011), wani abin lura mai zurfi kan duniyar fasaha bayan 2000.

## Manazarta
Marie-Laure de Noailles

**Marie-Laure Henriette Anne de Noailles, Vicomtesse de Noailles**  ; née **Bischoffsheim** ; 31 Oktoba 1902 - 29 Janairu 1970) ta kasance mai zane-zane 'yar Faransa, wacce aka ɗauke ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu fasaha na ƙarni na 20, wacce aka san ta da alaƙa da Salvador Dalí, Balthus, Jean Cocteau, Ned Rorem, Man Ray, Luis Buñuel, Francis Poulenc, Wolfgang Paalen, Jean Hugo, Jean-Michel Frank da sauransu da kuma rayuwarta mai cike da rudani da halayenta na ban mamaki . Ita da mijinta sun ba da kuɗin fim ɗin Ray *Les Mystères du Château de Dé* (1929), *Aubade* na Poulenc (1929), fim ɗin Buñuel da Dalí *L'Âge d'Or* (1930), da kuma fim ɗin Cocteau *The Blood of a Poet* (1930).

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haife ta a ranar 31 ga Oktoba, 1902, ɗiya ɗaya tilo ga Marie-Thérèse de Chevigné, wani firist ɗan ƙasar Faransa, da Maurice Bischoffsheim, wani ma'aikacin banki a Paris daga zuriyar Yahudawan Jamus da Amurka Quaker . Ɗaya daga cikin kakanninta uku shine Marquis de Sade, kuma kakarta ta mahaifiyarta, Laure de Sade, Countess de Chevigné, ta zaburar da aƙalla hali ɗaya a cikin littafin Marcel Proust na *In Search of Lost Time* . Ɗan uwanta, Philippe Lannes de Montebello, shi ne darektan Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Metropolitan da ke birnin New York. Mahaifinta shi ne marubucin wasan kwaikwayo na Faransa Francis de Croisset, kuma tsohuwar surukarta, Jacqueline de Croisset, ta zama matar ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Yul Brynner ta uku.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
A shekarar 1923, bayan ɗan gajeren soyayya da mai zane Jean Cocteau, Marie-Laure Bischoffsheim ta auri Charles, Vicomte de Noailles (26 ga Satumba 1891 - 28 ga Afrilu 1981). Shi ɗa ne ga François Joseph Eugène Napoléon de Noailles kuma jikan Antonin-Just-Léon-Marie de Noailles . Babban ɗan'uwansa shi ne Duc de Mouchy na 6, mahaifin Philippe François Armand Marie de Noailles, wanda shi ma ɗan kadet ne na gidan sarauta na Faransa na Noailles. Tare, ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu:

* Laure Madeleine Thérèse Marie de Noailles, daga baya aka sani da Madame Bertrand de La Haye Jousselin (1924-1979);
* Nathalie Valentine Marie de Noailles, wanda ya auri Alessandro Perrone (1927-2004).

Marie-Laure de Noailles da mijinta sun ƙaura zuwa wani babban otel mai suna 11 Place des États-Unis da ke Paris, wanda kakanta, Bischoffsheim, ya gina. Cikin gidan, wanda aka sake yi wa ado a shekarun 1920 ta hannun mai zane-zanen minimalist Jean-Michel Frank, ya ɓace a shekarun 1980, saboda sake yin ado da gyaran da mai shi ya yi daga baya. A shekarar 1936, ta sayi wani abu na Wolfgang Paalen mai suna Chaise envahie de Lierre a gidan André Breton mai suna Galerie Gradiva kuma ta yi wa banɗakinta ado da shi. A yau, Philippe Starck ya gyara cikin gidan kuma yana ɗauke da Gidan Tarihi na Baccarat da kuma hedikwatar Baccarat, kamfanin kristal.

A shekarun 1920, 'yan Noailles sun gina Villa Noailles kusa da Hyères . Ta yi soyayya da matashin Igor Markevitch . A shekarun 1950, ta yi soyayya ta dogon lokaci da mai zane mai ban mamaki Óscar Domínguez .

Salvador Dalí ne ya zana hotonta a cikin salon surrealism a kusan 1932. 

## Kakanni
 

## Duba kuma

* Duke na Noailles

## Manazarta
Aranka Munk

**Aranka Munk** (wanda aka haifa a Pulitzer, 28 Nuwamba 1862 - 26 Nuwamba 1941) wani mai tattara zane-zane ne na Vienna da aka kashe a lokacin kisan kiyashin Holocaust .

## Rayuwar farko da iyali
An haife ta a Mako, a Daular Austro-Hungarian a shekarar 1862, cikin dangin Yahudawa, Munk 'yar Simon Siegmund Pulitzer da Charlotte Pulitzer ce  kuma 'yar'uwar babban mai kula da Klimt Serena Lederer da Jenny Steiner . Tana da 'ya'ya mata uku, Lili Munk; Ria Munk da Lola Christine Sachsel-Kraus.

## Hotunan Ria Munk da Klimt da suka mutu

A shekarar 1911, 'yar Munk Ria ta kashe kanta.  Munk, mai tattara zane-zane kuma mai kula da zane-zane, ta nemi Gustav Klimt ya zana hoton 'yarta a gadon mutuwa. Klimt ta zana nau'i uku, waɗanda kowannensu yana da makoma daban-daban. Hoton farko da Klimt ta zana wa Aranka Munk shine " *Ria Munk a kan gadon mutuwa* ," wanda Munk ya ga ya ɓata mata rai har ta ba ta wa wata abokiyar mai sassaka, wacce magadanta suka sayar da shi bayan yaƙin, tana wucewa ta cikin tarin mawaƙin Barbra Streisand .  

Daga baya aka sake yin sigar ta biyu don nuna wani ɗan rawa, kuma ta uku, wadda Munk ya ajiye, ita ce " *Hoton Ria Munk III* " wanda ba a kammala ba, wanda kuma aka sani da *Frauenbildnis*, wanda ya ƙare a cikin tarin Gidan Tarihi na Lentos. Klimt ta mutu kafin ta kammala shi.   Bayan mutuwar Klimt, Aranka Munk ta rataye hoton 'yarta da ba a gama ba a gidanta na tafkin. 

## Tsanantawa da mutuwa
A shekarar 1941, 'yan Nazi suka kwace kadarorinta da kadarorinta suka kuma tura ta zuwa sansanin azabtarwa a Poland. A ranar 26 ga Nuwamba 1941, an kashe Aranka a lokacin kisan kiyashi saboda asalin Yahudawanta. A shekarar 1942, 'yarta Lola Munk ta mutu a sansanin kashe mutane na Chełmno .

## Da'awar diyya
Lauyan Vienna Alfred Noll ya gabatar da buƙatar diyya a madadin magada Munk a shekarar 2007.  *Hoton Ria Munk III* ya wuce ta hannun dillalin fasaha na Jamus Wolfgang Gurlitt a kan hanyarsa ta zuwa Gidan Tarihi na Lentos . A watan Yunin 2009, an mayar wa magada Aranka Munk hoton.  

## Duba kuma

* Kisan kare dangi a Austria
* Jerin da'awar diyya ga zane-zanen da 'yan Nazi suka kwace

## Manazarta
Kiran Nadar

**Kiran Shiv Nadar** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1951) ƙwararriyar mai tattara zane-zane ce ta Indiya kuma mai taimakon jama'a.  Nadar ita ce matar Shiv Nadar, wanda ya kafa HCL Technologies,  Ita ce amintaccen Gidauniyar Shiv Nadar kuma shugabar Gidan Tarihi na Kiran Nadar .  Ta lashe lambar tagulla ta wakiltar Indiya a Gasar Wasannin Asiya ta 2018 a gasar ƙungiyar Bridge Mixed .  An ba ta lambar yabo ta Padma Shri a shekara ta 2024. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Nadar ta haɗu da mijinta, Shiv Nadar, a wata hukumar talla inda take aiki.  Suna da 'ya mace Roshni Nadar .  Nadar kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan kwangila a Indiya. 

## Sana'a
Nadar ta fara aikinta a fannin talla a matsayin ƙwararriyar mai sadarwa da samfuran kasuwanci a MCM. Daga nan Nadar ta shiga NIIT ta kuma taimaka wajen tsara alamar.

A halin yanzu, ayyukanta sun haɗa da kula da Asusun Tallafawa Ilimin Jama'a na Indiya (PFHI), Gidauniyar Rasaja da Gidauniyar Rajiv Gandhi don tallafawa ƙananan 'yan mata Musulmi a karatunsu a Uttar Pradesh . 

## Gudummawa ga Gadar
A cikin wani labarin da ta wallafa a mujallar Forbes, ta yi magana game da jan hankalin da aka samu daga tsararraki da dama na wasan, tana magana ne game da 'yan wasan da suka yi fice a shekarun haihuwa da kuma Zakaran Duniya na shekara 13 Anshul Bhatt . 

## Lambobin yabo da yabo
A shekarar 2010, mujallar Forbes Asian Magazine ta amince da Kiran Nadar a matsayin "jarumi mai taimakon jama'a" godiya ga ƙaddamar da gidan adana kayan agaji na farko na Indiya. 

Ana ɗaukar Nadar a  na duniyar zane-zane ta Indiya godiya ga tarin fasahar zamani ta Kudancin Asiya 5,500.  Ita memba ce ta majalisar ƙasa da ƙasa a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha ta Zamani (MoMA) da ke New York kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan gadar gama gari a Indiya. Ita ma memba ce ta "Formidable" kuma ta dawo da kyaututtuka da yawa. Nadar ta kuma wakilci Indiya a gasa daban-daban na gadar ƙasa da ƙasa kuma ta sami nasarar lashe lambar zinare ga Indiya bayan shekaru 12.  A watan Fabrairu, ta kawo zinare na Indiya daga Gasar Gadar Ƙasa ta Commonwealth ta 5 da aka gudanar a Gold Coast, Ostiraliya. 

## Manazarta