Cinikin mutane a Colombia

Kasar Colombia, Kudancin Amurka, tana da yawan mata da 'yan mata waɗanda ke fuskantar fataucin mutane, musamman tilasta karuwanci. Wadannan mata da 'yan mata suna aiki a cikin Colombia, kuma ana aika su zuwa wuraren yawon bude ido na jima'i a wasu sassan Latin Amurka, Caribbean, Turai, Asiya, da Arewacin Amurka, gami da Amurka. Rikicin jin kai a Venezuela  ya kara muni daga 2010 zuwa yanzu, tare da kusan mutane miliyan 1.5 da suka tsere daga Venezuela zuwa birane a duk faɗin Colombia a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Baƙi a manyan biranen Colombia kamar Bogotá, Medellín, da Cali suna samun aiki kaɗan, kuma wasu suna juyawa zuwa karuwanci a matsayin mafita ta ƙarshe don ciyar da iyalansu. A cikin Colombia, ana samun wasu maza a cikin yanayin tilasta aiki, amma tilasta karuwanci na mata da yara daga yankunan karkara da birane ya kasance babbar matsala. An ba da rahoton shari'o'in auren tilasta - haɗari ga fataucin mutane - bautar gida ba tare da son rai ba, da kuma tilasta bara. Wasu yara suna fuskantar aikin tilas a ma'adinai da ma'adanai, a bangaren noma ko a matsayin ma'aikatan gida. Kungiyoyin da ke cikin haɗari mai yawa ga fataucin cikin gida sun haɗa da mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu, mata matalauta a yankunan karkara, da dangi na membobin kungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka. Ci gaba da tashin hankali a Colombia ya kori mutane da yawa a yankunan karkara, yana mai da su cikin haɗari ga fataucin mutane. An bayar da rahoton 'Yan tawaye da sabbin Kungiyoyin da ba bisa ka'ida ba don tilasta wa yara su shiga cikin rukunin su; gwamnati ta kiyasta cewa ana cinye dubban yara a ƙarƙashin irin wannan yanayi. Membobin ƙungiyoyi da ƙungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka na iya tilasta danginsu da sanannunsu, da kuma mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu - yawanci mata da yara - cikin yanayin tilasta karuwanci da aikin tilas, gami da Aikin tilastawa a cikin kasuwancin miyagun ƙwayoyi ba bisa ka'ida ba. Colombia kuma makoma ce ga masu yawon bude ido na yara na kasashen waje, musamman a biranen bakin teku kamar Cartagena da Barranquilla. Mutanen da suka yi ƙaura daga Kudancin Amurka, Afirka, da China suna wucewa Colombia a kan hanyarsu ta zuwa Amurka da Turai; wasu na iya zama abin ƙyama ga masu fataucin mutane.

 

## Shari'a (2009)
Gwamnatin Colombia ta kara kokarin tilasta bin doka da fataucin mutane a lokacin bayar da rahoto. Colombia ta haramta duk wani nau'in fataucin mutane ta hanyar dokar fataucin, Dokar 985, wacce ta ba da horo mai tsanani. Irin waɗannan hukunce-hukunce suna da tsauri sosai kuma sun dace da wasu manyan laifuka, kamar fyade. A shekara ta 2009, hukumomin Colombia sun fara bincike na yaki da fataucin mutane 215, sun ba da rahoton gurfanar da mutane 200, kuma sun sami hukunci 14, suna yanke wa masu aikata laifukan fataucin zuwa lokutan kurkuku daga shekaru 7 zuwa 27. Irin waɗannan sakamakon sun kwatanta da bincike 159 da kuma yanke hukunci 16 da aka ruwaito a shekara ta 2008. Bincike game da fataucin ma'aikata ya karu sosai a shekara ta 2009, tare da rahotanni 80 na yiwuwar aikata laifuka na tilasta aiki idan aka kwatanta da biyu a shekara ta 2008. Gwamnati ta ci gaba da haɗin gwiwa tare da gwamnatocin kasashen waje don dawo da wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane da kuma bincika shari'o'in fataucin a Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Trinidad da Tobago, da Amurka. Babu rahotanni da aka tabbatar game da cin hanci da rashawa da ke da alaƙa da fataucin mutane a cikin shekara ta 2009 kuma gwamnati ba ta yanke wa wani jami'in hukunci kan laifuka da suka shafi fataucin kaya ba. masu gabatar da kara sun sami horo kan batutuwan fataucin mutane daga wata kungiya ta kasa da kasa.

## Karewa (2009)
Gwamnati ta ci gaba da kokarin kare wadanda aka azabtar, ta hanyar samar da taimako kai tsaye da kuma haɗin gwiwa tare da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da kungiyoyin visa da kasa. Gwamnati ba ta bayyana ta yi amfani da hanyoyin da aka tsara don gano wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane a cikin mutanen da ke cikin ƙasa, kamar mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu ko mata a cikin karuwanci. Hukumomi sun gudanar da cibiyar ayyukan yaki da fataucin mutane don tura wadanda abin ya shafa ga masu ba da sabis na kariya, da kuma daidaitawa da bin diddigin binciken aikata laifuka da gurfanar da shari'arsu, da tattara bayanai da kididdiga game da laifukan fataucin. Gwamnati ba ta gudanar da mafaka da aka keɓe ga wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane ba, amma ta tura wadanda ke fama le cutar ga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na cikin gida don samar da waɗannan ayyukan. Hukumomi sun ba da kulawa ta likita da ta hankali, samun damar samun tallafin kudi da aiki, da bayanai da tallafin shari'a don hanyoyin shari'a. Gwamnati ta gano mutane 155 da ke fama da fataucin kasa da kasa a cikin shekara ta 2009, wadanda suka kunshi kusan adadin ma'aikata da wadanda ke fama da cinikin jima'i, ban da wadanda ke da rauni 14 da aka yi fataucin su a cikin Colombia. Yawancin wadanda abin ya shafa manya ne, kuma cibiyar ta samar da 78 daga cikin wadanda abin ya faru tare da hadin gwiwar kungiyar ba da agaji. Mutane da yawa da abin ya shafa sun nemi taimako ne kawai don komawa gidajensu, kuma gwamnati ta ba da hanyar da ta dace ga wadanda abin ya shafa da suka dawo gida. Gwamnati ta karfafa wadanda abin ya shafa da su taimaka a binciken fataucin mutane da gurfanar da su, kuma sun ba da gidaje ga wadanda abin ya faru da ke shiga cikin wadannan kokarin ta hanyar shirin kare shaidu. Koyaya, yawancin wadanda abin ya shafa ba su da shaidar a kan masu fataucin su saboda tsoron ramuwar gayya ko rashin sanin matsayinsu a matsayin wadanda ke fama da mummunar laifi; wadanda abin ya faru hudu sun shiga cikin gurfanar da su a cikin shekara ta 2009. jami'an kwastam sun taimaka wa 'yan Colombia 110 da aka yi fataucin su a kasashen waje a cikin shekara ta 2009: wannan ya wakilci karuwar taimakon dawowa idan aka kwatanta da wadanda aka yi wa fataucin mutane 22 da jami'an kwaskwarima na Colombia a kasashen waje suka taimaka a cikin shekara. Gwamnati ta yi kwangila da masu ba da shawara kan shari'a da ma'aikatan zamantakewa don taimakawa wajen tallafawa 'yan Colombia a kasashen waje. Koyaya, ayyukan da aka azabtar a ƙasashen waje an iyakance su ne ga gundumomin kwastam tare da akalla mazauna Colombia 10,000, kuma ba za a iya samun su ga wadanda aka yi wa fataucin zuwa wurare masu nisa ba. A gida, hukumomin tilasta bin doka na Colombia suna ƙarfafa wadanda abin ya shafa su taimaka tare da bincike da gurfanar da masu fataucin su. Babu rahotanni game da wadanda aka kama da kurkuku ko kuma a hukunta su saboda ayyukan da ba bisa ka'ida ba da aka aikata sakamakon kai tsaye na fataucin mutane. Duk da yake babu wata hanyar shari'a ta musamman a cikin 2009 inda gwamnati ta ba da biza ko matsayin zama na wucin gadi ga wadanda ke fama da fataucin kasashen waje, gwamnati na iya samar da wadanda ke fama le fataucin mutane izini na wucine don kasancewa a cikin kasar a kan shari'a-da-harin; waɗannan wadanda ke fama na iya samun taimakon jin kai daga gwamnati.

## Rigakafi (2009)
Gwamnati ta ci gaba da kokarin rigakafi game da fataucin mutane. Tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, gwamnati ta kaddamar da sabon kamfen na rigakafin fataucin mutane na kasa da ke da niyya ga matasa, 'yan Colombia masu karamin karfi, kuma ta kammala kamfen daga shekarar da ta gabata; duka kamfen ɗin sun haɗa da tallace-tallace na TV, wuraren rediyo, da tallace' yankan bugawa. Tare da hadin gwiwar wata kungiya ta kasa da kasa, gwamnati ta kuma kaddamar da shirin gwaji don yaki da fataucin jima'i a cikin unguwanni biyu masu haɗari ta hanyar abubuwan wayar da kan jama'a da kuma horo ga shugabannin al'umma. Hukumomi sun horar da 'yan jarida 171 a Medellin, Cartagena, da Cali don inganta wayar da kan jama'a da kuma kara ingantaccen kafofin watsa labarai game da fataucin mutane. Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta gabatar da fataucin mutane a cikin tsarin karatun jima'i. Ta hanyar cibiyar ayyukan yaki da fataucin mutane, gwamnati ta gudanar da cibiyar kira ta kasa, wacce ta karbi kira 7,801 a cikin shekara ta 2009. Yawancin kira sun kasance buƙatun ɗan ƙasa don bayanai game da tayin aiki a ƙasashen waje, kodayake an tura shari'o'in fataucin mutane 133 daga cibiyar kira ga 'yan sanda don bincike. Gwamnati ta karfafa kokarin yaki da fataucin mutane a matakin gida, kuma sassan biyu sun aiwatar da shirye-shiryen aiki na yaki da fatalicin mutane a cikin shekara ta 2009, don jimlar sassan 15 tare da irin waɗannan tsare-tsaren. A shekara ta 2009, gwamnati ta dauki bakuncin bita na kasa don waɗannan kwamitocin sashen don raba ƙalubale da ayyukan mafi kyau. Hukumomin Colombia sun karbi bakuncin wakilan da suka ziyarci Trinidad da Tobago, Chile, da Panama, kuma sun raba ayyukan da suka fi dacewa daga cibiyar yaki da fataucin mutane tare da waɗannan wakilan. Mataki na 219 na dokar aikata laifuka ta Colombia ya haramta shirya ko sauƙaƙe yawon shakatawa na jima'i kuma ya ba da hukunci na shekaru 3 zuwa 8 a kurkuku, amma babu wani rahoto na gurfanar da aka ruwaito ko yanke hukunci ga masu yawon bude ido na jima'in yara. Babu wani kamfen na gwamnati don rage bukatar ayyukan jima'i na kasuwanci da ke bayyane a cikin shekara ta 2009, amma gwamnati ta rage bukatar aikin yara ta hanyar wayar da kan jama'a da kokarin horo, sau da yawa tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da kungiyoyin duniya.

## Manazarta