Rashin kwal

Kashe kwal shine Manufofin muhalli da aka nufa don dakatar da kone kwal a cikin tashoshin wutar lantarki da ke amfani da kwal da sauran wurare, kuma yana daga cikin fashewar man fetur. Fa'idodin kiwon lafiya da muhalli na lalacewar kwal, kamar iyakance cututtukan numfashi da asarar halittu, sun fi tsada. Coal shine mafi yawan man fetur mai cike da carbon, saboda haka fitar da shi yana da mahimmanci don iyakance canjin yanayi kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin Yarjejeniyar Paris. Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Duniya (IEA) ta kiyasta cewa kwal yana da alhakin sama da kashi 30% na ƙaruwar yawan zafin jiki na duniya sama da matakan masana'antu. Wasu kasashe a cikin Powering Past Coal Alliance sun riga sun tsaya.

China da Indiya sun ƙone kwal mai yawa. Amma kawai mahimman kudade don sabbin tsire-tsire shine don wutar lantarki a kasar Sin. Kasashe masu tasowa na iya ba da kuɗin don ƙasashe masu tasoma ta hanyar Just Energy Transition Partnership, idan dai ba su gina wasu shuke-shuke na kwal ba. An kiyasta cewa lokacin da aka fitar da kwal zai iya amfana da al'umma da sama da 1% na GDP a kowace shekara har zuwa ƙarshen karni na 21, don haka masana tattalin arziki sun ba da shawarar cinikin Coasean wanda kasashe masu tasowa suka riga sun taimaka wajen tallafawa lokacin da aka samar da kwal a kasashe masu ci gaba.

Fa'idodin kiwon lafiya da muhalli na kawar da kwal da sauri sun wuce farashin,  amma wasu ƙasashe har yanzu suna son kwal,  kuma akwai rashin jituwa da yawa game da yadda ya kamata a fitar da shi da sauri.  Koyaya ƙasashe da yawa, kamar Powering Past Coal Alliance, sun riga sun sauya ko kuma sun sauya daga kwal;  mafi girman canjin da aka sanar har zuwa yanzu shine Jamus, wanda ya kamata ya rufe tashar wutar lantarki ta ƙarshe tsakanin 2035 da 2038.  Jamus tana amfani da siyarwar baya don biyan bashin wutar lantarki na kwal don rufewa kafin jadawalin. Wasu ƙasashe suna yin canji mai kyau kuma suna yin ritaya daga masu hakar kwal da wuri. Koyaya, Tsibirin Pacific da ke ƙasa suna damuwa cewa sauyawa ba ta da sauri kuma za a cika su da hauhawar matakin teku, don haka sun yi kira ga ƙasashen OECD da su fitar da kwal gaba ɗaya a shekara ta 2030 da sauran ƙasashe a shekara ta 2040. An amince da rage kwal a Taron Canjin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2021 a cikin Yarjejeniyar Yanayi ta Glasgow . Vietnam tana daga cikin kasashe masu tasowa masu dogaro da kwal waɗanda suka yi alkawarin kawar da wutar lantarki ba tare da raguwa ba a cikin shekarun 2040 ko kuma da wuri-wuri bayan haka 

A cikin 2022-2023 amfani da kwal ya karu. IEA ta nuna farashin gas mai yawa saboda mamayewar Rasha a Ukraine da kuma abubuwan da suka faru na matsanancin yanayi a matsayin masu ba da gudummawa ga karuwar. Kasashen G7 sun amince da rufe dukkan tashoshin wutar lantarki ta hanyar 2030-2035 sai dai idan an kama iskar gas din su.

## Babban kwal

Karfe-karfe na ƙarni yana fitar da kusan sau biyu na carbon dioxide - kusan tan don kowane sa'a na megawatt da aka samar - kamar yadda wutar lantarki da aka samar ta hanyar ƙone iskar gas a 500 kg na iskar gas ta kowace sa'a. Baya ga samar da wutar lantarki, iskar gas ta shahara a wasu ƙasashe don dumama. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin gwamnati (G7) sun yi alkawari a cikin 2021 don kawo ƙarshen tallafi ga tashoshin wutar lantarki a cikin shekara.&nbsp;

Amfani da kwal a Ƙasar Ingila ya ragu sakamakon ci gaban Man Fetur na Tekun Arewa da Dash na gaba don Gas a cikin shekarun 1990. A Kanada wasu tashoshin wutar lantarki, kamar Hearn Generating Station, sun sauya daga kwal zuwa iskar gas. A cikin 2022, wutar lantarki a Amurka ta samar da kasa da kashi ɗaya cikin biyar na wutar lantarki, daga kusan rabin a cikin 2008,  saboda wadataccen iskar gas mai tsada da aka samu ta hanyar fashewar ruwa na ƙarancin shale. 

## Manazarta