Ruth E. Hodge

**Ruth Evelyn Hodge** ƴar Amirka ce mai adana bayanai, marubuciya, malama, kuma mai fafutukar al'umma wacce ta ci gaba da ci gaban binciken tarihin soja na Afirka da Amurka da rubuce-rubuce a cikin ƙarni na 20 da farkon 21. "Mutanen Afirka na Amurka sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gina Amurka, "in ji ta a lokacin wata hira da jarida a shekarar 2000. "Yayin da mutane suka sani, da kyau suka fahimta kuma da kyau suka yi hulɗa".

## Shekaru na farko
An haife ta ne a ranar 27 ga Afrilu, 1937, a Fluvanna County, Virginia,  Ruth Evelyn (Perry) Hodge 'yar marigayi Rev. Houston Bryan Perry, Sr. (1894-1983) da Ruth Van Buren (Morgan) Perry (1904-1998). 

A cewar mai ba da labarai Pamilla Saylor, Ruth Perry ɗaliba ce mai ƙwazo ta tarihi tun daga lokacin yarinta "lokacin da aka koya mata cewa Pennsylvania 'ceto ce ga Hanyar jirgin kasa ta karkashin kasa.'" Batutuwan da ta zaɓa ta rubuta game da su a makaranta galibi suna magana da muhimmanci, amma sau da yawa ana watsi da tarihin Afirka-Amurka. "Yawancin mambobin Union Baptist [inda mahaifinta ya yi aiki a matsayin fasto lokacin da take ƙarama] ba ta taɓa sanin sunan da aka ba Ruth ba saboda a lokacin haihuwa mahaifiyarta ta yi mata lakabi da sunan 'Precious', a cewar masu kula da gidan kayan gargajiya na Scottsville a Scottsville, Virginia. 

A shekara ta 1953, Ruth ta koma tare da iyayenta da 'yan uwanta zuwa Williamsport, Pennsylvania, inda aka hayar mahaifinta ya zama fasto na Ikilisiyar Baptist ta Shiloh. Ta kammala karatu a makarantar sakandare ta Williamsport a shekara ta 1954, ta ci gaba da kammala digiri na farko a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci a Kwalejin Lycoming a shekara ta 1958,   sannan ta fara iyalinta lokacin da ta auri Marcus Lee Hodge (1930-2017) a ranar 26 ga Satumba, 1959. Dan asalin Carlisle, Pennsylvania kuma ɗan marigayi Peter Andrew da Rachel Ellen (Humphreys) Hodge, mijinta ya yi aiki a cikin Sojojin Sama na Amurka kuma daga baya Gannett Fleming da Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Pennsylvania suka yi amfani da shi a matsayin mai tsarawa. Ma'auratan, wadanda suka hadu a Cocin Shiloh Baptist a Williamsport, Pennsylvania, inda mahaifinta ke aiki a matsayin fasto, sun zama iyaye na yara biyu: Perrianne da Mark Andrew .  

A shekara ta 1971, Ruth E. Hodge ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar ɗakin karatu a Jami'ar Shippensburg .

## Rayuwar sana'a da sabis na al'umma

Daga farkon shekarun 1960 zuwa farkon shekarun 1990, Ruth E. Hodge ta yi amfani da shirinta na dabarun da kuma ƙwarewar ajiya don taimakawa Sojojin Amurka tare da takardu da adana tarihinta. Yayinda take aiki a cikin Laburaren Kwalejin Yakin Sojojin Amurka (Carlisle Barracks)  daga 1960 zuwa 1980, ta kuma kasance memba na Cibiyar Sadarwar Kimiyya ta Kiwon Lafiya a Jami'ar Shippensburg (1971).

Daga nan ne Cibiyar Tarihin Sojojin Amurka (Carlisle Barracks)  ta yi mata aiki daga 1980 zuwa 1993. A wannan lokacin na hidimarta, ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga ma'aikatarta, kuma ta koyar da azuzuwan a Jami'ar Shippensburg a matsayin farfesa daga 1981 zuwa 1982.

Yayin da Sojojin Amurka suka shirya don tunawa da cika shekaru 50 na Yaƙin Duniya na II, an tsara ta don taimakawa tare da bincike, amma nan da nan ta fahimci cewa akwai bayanai kaɗan "a kan baƙi lokacin da ya zo ga tarihin Sojoji da litattafan makaranta". Bayan gabatar da taron kwana ɗaya ga abokan aikinta a 1992 don wayar da kan jama'a game da wannan batun da matsawa manyanta su yi ƙarin, an ba ta ikon shirya taron kwana da yawa, wanda hakan ya haifar da gayyata a gare ta don gabatar da ƙarin laccoci a duk ƙasar.

Ta kuma taimaka wa marubuta tare da tambayoyin bincike iri-iri a lokacin da take tare da Sojojin Amurka, ciki har da Robert F. Jefferson, wanda daga baya ya gode wa Ruth da sauransu daga "Institute of Military History of the United States at Carlisle Barracks ... saboda karimci da albarkatunsu" ta hanyar sashin "Godiya" na littafinsa na 2008, Fighting for Hope: Sojojin Afirka na 93rd Infantry Division in World War II and postwar America.

An hayar ta da Pennsylvania State Archives a Harrisburg, Pennsylvania a 1993 a matsayin mai adana bayanai, ta zama ƙwararren ƙwararren Afirka na Amirka. A shekara ta 1997, ta kuma zama mai ba da shawara ga Gidan Tarihin Sojojin Pennsylvania a Boalsburg, kuma ta sami damar samun kudade don tallafawa ƙaddamar da gidan kayan gargajiya na shirin yin rikodin tarihin baki na 'yan Afirka na Amurka waɗanda suka yi aiki a cikin sojojin Amurka a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu . A shekara mai zuwa, ta kuma shiga kwamitin gudanarwa wanda aka kafa don tsara abubuwan da suka faru na musamman da suka shafi bikin cika shekaru 250 na Cumberland County.

Yayin da karni na 21 ya fara, ta wallafa littafinta, Guide to African American Resources a Pennsylvania State Archives .  A cewar mai ba da labarai Michael Bupp, Hodge "ya shafe shekaru shida yana tonowa ta hanyar ƙafa 69,000 na takardun da aka adana don tattara" kayan littafinta a lokacin rani na 2000  . A lokacin bincikenta, ta tabbatar da yin rajistar sama da sojoji 10,000 na Afirka da suka yi yaƙi don Tarayyar a lokacin Yaƙin basasar Amurka. An yi hira da ita a shekara ta 2000, ta tuna: 

A shekara ta 2001, ta ba da lacca game da rayuwar da aikin Charles Franklin Moss, mai daukar hoto na Carlisle na farkon karni na 20 wanda aka ruwaito shi ma ya kirkiro zane don tutar jihar Pennsylvania. An gabatar da shirin ne a Cocin Baptist na Shiloh a matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin cika shekaru 133 a watan Nuwamba na wannan shekarar.

Ta ci gaba da aiki a lokacin da ta yi ritaya, ta gabatar da shirin game da "Carlisle's African American Civil War Soldiers" a Bosler Free Library a wannan birni a watan Nuwamba 2002 a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin "One Book, Two Counties" wanda Cumberland da Dauphin counties suka tallafawa.

A shekara ta 2005, ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a bikin Carlisle na Watan Tarihin Afirka ta Amirka, ta taimaka wajen daidaita shirin Fabrairu a Ikilisiyar Baptist ta Shiloh tare da taken, "The Niagara Movement: Black Protest Reborn 1905-2005" wanda Sheila Y. Flemming, dean na Makarantar Kimiyya ta Jama'a kuma farfesa na tarihi a Kwalejin Bethune-Cookman a Daytona Beach, Florida, ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai magana.

Ta kuma yi magana a lokacin da aka keɓe alamar tarihi a shekara ta 2009 don ɗayan cibiyoyin addini na farko da za a gina a yammacin Kogin Susquehanna na Pennsylvania - Ikilisiyar Bethel AME a 131 East Pomfret Street a Carlisle - coci wanda kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ayyukan Railroad na karkashin kasa a lokacin yakin basasar Amurka. Sauran masu gabatarwa a shirin Mayu 9 sun hada da: Sanata na Jihar Pennsylvania Pat Vance; magajin garin, Kirk Wilson; fastocin cocin, Rev. Troy Lynn Carr; da Barbara Harris, babban darakta na Hukumar Tarihi da Gidan Tarihi ta Pennsylvania . 

A wannan shekarar, ita da mijinta sun yi bikin cika shekaru 50 da bikin aurensu yayin hidimar sake tabbatarwa wanda aka gudanar a Cocin Baptist na Shiloh a Carlisle . A fannin addini, ita da iyalinta sun kasance mambobi masu aiki na wannan coci na dogon lokaci. Baya ga yin hidima ga ikilisiyarta a matsayin mai hidima da masanin tarihin coci, ta kafa ɗakin karatu na Robert C. Gaskill na ma'aikatar, ta ba shi suna don girmama Ba'amurke na farko da aka nada a matsayin kwamandan Kwalejin Yakin Sojojin Amurka.

Bayan ta rasa mahaifinta da mahaifiyarta a 1983 da 1998, bi da bi, ta kuma tsira daga mutuwar ɗan'uwanta, Houston Bryan Perry, Jr., da mijinta, Marcus L. Hodge . Ɗan'uwanta ya mutu a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, 2014, kuma an kwantar da shi a lambunan tunawa da Cumberland Valley bayan hidimar gida a Cocin Baptist na Shiloh a ranar 19 ga watan Agustan.  Daga nan ne mijinta ya mutu a shekarar 2017 lokacin da ya mutu yana da shekaru 87 a gidansu a Carlisle a ranar 13 ga Yuli. Bayan hidimar jana'izar a Ikilisiyar Baptist ta Shiloh a ranar 19 ga Yuli, an kwantar da shi tare da cikakken girmamawar soja a lambunan tunawa da Cumberland Valley . 

## Kyaututtuka

Ruth E. Hodge ta kasance mai karɓar girmamawa da yawa a lokacin rayuwarta, gami da: 

* Babban Alumnus, Kwalejin Lycoming (1983); da kuma
* Kyautar Masana Tarihin Mata Baƙar fata, Masana Tarihi na Mata Baƙarƙashiya, Washington, DC (1993).

Bugu da kari, an kira ta daya daga cikin "Carlisle's Finest" a cikin 1991 ta hanyar *Carlisle Evening Sentinel* .

## Littattafai

* Hodge, Ruth E. *[https://shoppaheritage.com/products/guide-african-american-resources-state-archives Jagora ga albarkatun Afirka ta Amirka a Tarihin Jihar Pennsylvania]*. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Tarihi da Gidan Tarihi, 2000.   ISBN&nbsp;

Ta kuma ba da gudummawa ga abun ciki don kayan aiki iri-iri da aka kirkira a madadin ma'aikatanta a tsawon shekaru, da kuma jerin wallafe-wallafen da Kamfanin Tarihin Gundumar Cumberland ya samar, gami da: Shekaru 250 na Fasaha; Al'ummomin Bangaskiya: Tarihin Addini na Cumberland County; da Tarihin Pictorial .

## Manazarta