Ilimin lissafi na yawan jama'a

kididdigar yawan jama'a shine nazarce-nazarce na yawan jama'a ta hanyar nazari na biyu na tarin tarin bayanai (wanda ake kira "babban bayanai") game da mutane.  Masana kimiyya a fagen suna yin la’akari da wannan tarin tarin bayanai a matsayin kwayar halitta ta zamantakewa, wanda ke nuni da sawun dijital na gama gari na al’ummarmu.  Ƙididdiga na yawan jama'a yana amfani da kimiyyar bayanai zuwa bayanan kwayoyin halitta don amsa tambayoyi masu mahimmanci game da zamantakewar ɗan adam da lafiyar jama'a kamar bioinformatics yana amfani da kimiyyar bayanai ga bayanan kwayoyin halittar ɗan adam don amsa tambayoyi game da lafiyar mutum.  Yana da wani yanki na bincike mai tasowa a tsaka-tsakin SBEH (Social, Behavioral, Economic, & Health) kimiyyar, kimiyyar kwamfuta, da kididdiga wanda ake amfani da hanyoyin ƙididdiga da kayan aikin lissafi don amsa tambayoyi masu mahimmanci game da al'ummarmu.

## Gabatarwa

### Tarihi
An fara amfani da kalmar ne a watan Agustan 2012 lokacin da aka kafa Lab na Bayanai a Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill ta Dokta Hye-Cung Kum. An fara bayyana kalmar ne a cikin wata kasida da aka sake dubawa a cikin 2013  kuma an kara bayani dalla-dalla a cikin wata labarin a cikin 2014.  An gudanar da bita na farko kan ilimin lissafi na jama'a don manyan bayanai a taron ACM SIGKDD a Sydney, Australia, a watan Agusta 2015.

### Manufofin
Don nazarin kimiyyar zamantakewa, halayyar, tattalin arziki, da kiwon lafiya ta amfani da tarin bayanai masu yawa, aka zamantakewar zamantakewar al'umma, game da mutane. Babban burin ilimin lissafi na yawan jama'a shine kara fahimtar hanyoyin zamantakewa ta hanyar haɓaka da amfani da dabarun ƙididdiga masu zurfi ga bayanan zamantakewar al'umma. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

* Binciken Kasuwanci
* Kwamfuta ta zamantakewa: nazarin bayanan hanyar sadarwar zamantakewa
* Siyasa ta kwamfuta
* Kayan kiwon lafiyar jama'a
* Jarida ta kwamfuta
* Kimiyya ta sufuri ta kwamfuta
* Ilimin yaduwar cututtuka
* Tattalin arzikin lissafi
* Ilimin zamantakewa na kwamfuta
* Kimiyya ta zamantakewa

=== Hanyoyi ===
Record Linkage, aikin gano rubuce-rubuce a cikin bayanan da ke nufin wannan mahallin a fadin tushen bayanai daban-daban, babban aiki ne a cikin fannin ilimin lissafi na yawan jama'a saboda yawancin alamun dijital game da mutane sun ragargaje a cikin bayanan bayanai daban-bayan nan da yawa waɗanda ke buƙatar a haɗa su kafin a iya yin bincike. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

Da zarar an haɗa bayanan da suka dace, aiki na gaba yawanci shine haɓaka ingantattun matakai masu ma'ana don amsa tambayar bincike.  Sau da yawa matakan haɓakawa sun haɗa da ƙididdigewa tsakanin inductive da cirewa tare da bayanai da tambayar bincike har sai an samar da matakan da za a iya amfani da su saboda an tattara bayanan don wasu dalilai ba tare da an yi amfani da su don amsa tambayar da ke hannunsu ba.  Haɓaka matakai masu ma'ana da amfani daga bayanan da ke akwai babban ƙalubale ne a cikin ayyukan bincike da yawa.  A cikin filayen lissafi, ana kiran waɗannan matakan sau da yawa fasali. 

A ƙarshe, tare da bayanan da aka haɗa da matakan da ake buƙata waɗanda aka haɓaka, bayanan bincike yana shirye don bincike. Hanyoyin bincike na yau da kullun sun haɗa da bincike na gargajiya da aka yi amfani da shi da kuma hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa kamar kimiyyar bayanai da nazarin tsinkaya.

### Dangantaka da wasu fannoni
Kimiyya ta zamantakewa al'umma tana nufin ƙananan fannoni na ilimi da ke da alaƙa da hanyoyin lissafi ga kimiyyar zamantakewa. Wannan yana nufin cewa ana amfani da kwamfutoci don tsarawa, kwaikwayon, da kuma nazarin abubuwan zamantakewa. Filin sun hada da tattalin arziki na lissafi da ilimin zamantakewa na lissafi. Labarin da ya dace game da kimiyyar zamantakewa na lissafi shine na Lazer et al. 2009  wanda shine taƙaitaccen bita da aka gudanar a Harvard tare da wannan taken. Koyaya, labarin bai bayyana kalmar kimiyyar zamantakewar lissafi daidai ba.

Gabaɗaya, kimiyyar zamantakewar lissafi fage ce mai faɗi kuma ta ƙunshi bayanan yawan jama'a.  Bayan bayanan yawan jama'a, yana kuma haɗa da hadaddun simulations na al'amuran zamantakewa.  Sau da yawa rikitattun samfuran kwaikwayo suna amfani da sakamako daga bayanan yawan jama'a don daidaitawa tare da sigogin duniya na ainihi.  [abubuwan da ake bukata]tion needed&#x5D;

Data Science for Social Good (DSSG) wani irin wannan filin ne da ke zuwa. Amma kuma, DSSG babban filin ne wanda ke amfani da kimiyyar bayanai ga duk wata matsala ta zamantakewa da ta haɗa da nazarin yawan mutane amma kuma matsaloli da yawa waɗanda ba sa amfani da kowane bayani game da mutane. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;**&#x5D;

Sake gina yawan jama'a wani bangare ne na fannoni da yawa don sake gina takamaiman (tarihi) yawan jama'o'i ta hanyar haɗa bayanai daga tushe daban-daban, wanda ke haifar da wadataccen albarkatun sababbin don nazarin masana kimiyyar zamantakewa.

### Ƙungiyoyin da suka danganci su da bita
An gudanar da Taron farko kan Bayanai na Jama'a don Babban Bayanai a taron ACM SIGKDD a Sydney, Australia, a cikin 2015. Taron ya haɗu da masu binciken kimiyyar kwamfuta, da kuma likitocin kiwon lafiyar jama'a da masu bincike. Wannan shafin Wikipedia ya fara ne a taron.

Cibiyar Bayanan Bayanai ta Duniya (IPDLN) tana sauƙaƙa sadarwa tsakanin cibiyoyin da ke ƙwarewa a cikin haɗin bayanai da masu amfani da bayanan da aka haɗa. Masu samarwa da masu amfani iri ɗaya sun himmatu ga aikace-aikacen tsarin haɗin bayanai don samar da fa'idar al'umma a cikin yawan jama'a da yankunan da suka shafi kiwon lafiya.

### Ƙalubalen
Manyan ƙalubale guda uku na musamman ga ilimin lissafin jama'a sune: