open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Morphology

A cikin ilimin harshe, ilimin halittar jiki shine nazarin kalmomi, gami da ka'idodin da aka samar da su, da yadda suke da alaƙa da juna a cikin harshe..  Mafi yawan hanyoyin da ake bi na ilimin halittar jiki suna bincikar tsarin kalmomi dangane da nau'in halittar jiki, waɗanda su ne mafi ƙanƙanta raka'a a cikin harshe mai ma'ana mai zaman kanta.  Morphemes sun haɗa da tushen da za su iya kasancewa a matsayin kalmomi ta kansu, amma kuma nau'o'i irin su affixes waɗanda kawai za su iya bayyana a matsayin wani ɓangare na babbar kalma.  Misali, a turance tushen kamawa da suffix -ing dukkansu kwayoyin halitta ne;  kama yana iya bayyana a matsayin kalmar kansa, ko kuma a haɗa shi da -ing don samar da sabuwar kalmar kama.  Ilimin ilmin halitta yana kuma nazarin yadda kalmomi ke kasancewa a matsayin sassan magana, da kuma yadda za a iya jujjuya su don bayyana nau'ikan nahawu da suka hada da lamba, lokaci, da al'amari.  Ra'ayoyi irin su haɓakawa sun shafi yadda masu magana ke ƙirƙirar kalmomi a cikin takamaiman yanayi, waɗanda ke tasowa akan tarihin harshe.

Asalin fannonin ilimin harshe sun fi mayar da hankali kan tsarin harshe a “ma’auni”.  An yi la'akari da ilimin halittar jiki da yin aiki a ma'aunin da ya fi girma fiye da phonology, wanda ke bincika nau'ikan sautin magana waɗanda aka bambanta a cikin harshen da ake magana, don haka yana iya zama bambanci tsakanin morpheme da wani.  Sabanin haka, ma'auni ya shafi ma'auni mafi girma na gaba, kuma yana nazarin yadda kalmomi ke bi da bi da bi da jumloli da jimloli.  Nau'in ilimin dabi'a wani fanni ne na musamman wanda ke rarraba harsuna bisa ga fasalin halittar da suke nunawa.   

## Tarihi

Tarihin binciken ilimin halittar ɗan adam na Indiya ya samo asali ne daga masanin ilimin harshe Pāṇini, wanda ya tsara dokoki 3,959 na ilimin halittar Sanskrit a cikin rubutun Aṣṭādhyāyī ta hanyar amfani da nahawun mazaɓa.  Har ila yau, al'adar nahawu na Greco-Roman ta tsunduma cikin nazarin yanayin halitta.  Nazarin ilimin halittar Larabci, gami da Marāḥ Al-Arwāḥ na Ahmad b.  ‘Ali Mas’ūd, ya koma aƙalla shekara ta 1200 Miladiyya.

An gabatar da kalmar "kwayoyin halittar jiki" a cikin ilimin harshe ta August Schleicher a cikin 1859. 
 

## Manazarta
Lene Koch

**Lene Koch** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1947) ƴar Danish ce mai bincike, mai fafutukar mata kuma masanin tarihi. Ta kasance daya daga cikin masu motsawa a bayan kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Mata a Jami'ar Copenhagen wacce ta jagoranci daga 1981 zuwa 1985. A ƙarshen shekarun 1980, ta fara ƙwarewa a cikin eugenics, tana gudanar da bincike game da gwajin bututun a Denmark. A shekara ta 1988, ta gaji Nynne Koch a matsayin shugabar Kvinfo, Cibiyar Nazarin Mata da Jima'i ta Denmark. Daga 1990, ta koma bincikenta na eugenics, inda ta jagoranci Sashen Binciken Lafiya na Jami'ar Copenhagen har sai da ta zama farfesa emeritus.

## Rayuwa ta farko, ilimi da iyali
An haife ta a Virum a ranar 31 ga Yulin 1947, Lene Koch 'yar mai binciken ɗakin karatu Ole Carl Valdemar Koch (1920-90) da matarsa Anna Marie née Ludvigsen (1920-84). A shekara ta 1972 ta haifi Nanna watanni goma bayan haka ta bar mahaifin wanda daga baya ya kula da 'yarta. A shekara ta 1979 ta auri babban alkalin kotun Henrik Kristian Zahle (an haife shi a shekara ta 1943) tare da wanda ta haifi ɗa na biyu, Maria . 

An haife ta a cikin wani ilimi, gidan da aka yi wahayi zuwa gare ta Grundtvig, Koch ta halarci Makarantar N. Zahle, inda take da sha'awar musamman a kimiyyar lissafi da ilmin sunadarai. A shekara ta 1967, ta yi karatu daga Øregård Gymnasium . Bayan ta fara karatun gargajiya a Jami'ar Copenhagen, a 1978 ta sami digiri na biyu a Turanci da tarihi. Yayinda take karatu, a farkon shekarun 1970 ta kasance daya daga cikin manyan mutane a Majalisar Dalibai, inda ta fara sha'awar binciken mata.[1]

## Ayyuka
Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke motsawa a bayan Jami'ar Copenhagen ta kara sha'awar karatun mata, daga 1981 zuwa 1985 ta gudanar da sabuwar Cibiyar Nazarin mata (Center for Kvindeforskning). A can ta yi sha'awar musamman ga masana tarihi na mata na Amurka, ciki har da Linda Gordon da Carroll Smith-Rosenberg, wanda ta rufe a cikin littafinta na 1984 *Hendes egen verden* (wanda aka buga a Turanci a matsayin Al'adun kanta: Jikin mace, haƙƙin mace).  A shekara ta 1986, ta sami tallafi daga Ƙungiyar Gudanarwa don Binciken Mata (Styringsgruppen for Kvindeforskning) wanda ya ba ta damar yin bincike kan uwaye a Denmark, yana nazarin musamman insemination na wucin gadi na Mata marasa haihuwa.

A shekara ta 1988, Lene Koch ta gaji Nynne Koch a matsayin shugabar kungiyar bincike ta mata da jinsi, Kvinfo, inda ta sake kaddamar da mujallar Forum for kvindeforskning (Forum for Women's Research), tana magance sabbin abubuwan da ke faruwa a binciken mata. A shekara ta 1990, ta yi aiki a matsayin malami a binciken kiwon lafiya a Cibiyar Panum ta Jami'ar Copenhagen . A can ta kasance babbar mai ba da gudummawa ga bincike kan eugenics, ilmin halitta na gado da kuma binciken tayin, tana bugawa ko'ina a kan waɗannan da batutuwa masu alaƙa. Ta jagoranci Sashen Binciken Kula da Lafiya na Jami'ar Copenhagen har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya lokacin da ta zama farfesa emeritus.

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* [Lene Koch, Jami'ar Copenhagen, tare da hoto](https://publichealth.ku.dk/staff/?pure=en%2Fpersons%2Flene-koch(e54fed3b-518e-4db6-a232-f818e61d801c).html)
Layin Luplau

Line Luplau (1823-1891) 'yar kasar Denmark ce kuma mai tsattsauran ra'ayi. Ita ce co-kafa Danske Kvindeforeningers Valgretsforbund ko DKV (Danish Women's Society Suffrage Union) kuma shugabar farko a 1889-1891.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Line Luplau a ranar 22 ga Afrilun shekarar 1823 a Mern, ƴar Vicar Hans Christian Monrad (1780-1825) da Ferdinandine Henriette Gieertsen (1783-1871) kuma ta auri Vicar Daniel Carl Erhard Luplau (1818-1909), a cikin shekarar 1847.

Luplau ya fara takaici da farko game da gaskiyar cewa ba a san mata cikakkun hakkoki a matsayin mutane ba saboda jima'i. Wannan sha'awar an dauke ta ne daga muhawara ta jama'a bayan littafin Clara Raphael na Mathilde Fibiger (1851). Matar ta yi aiki a matsayin mai hidima a cikin Ikklisiya a Slesvig-Holsten, kuma an tilasta wa iyalin su tafi Varde lokacin da wannan ɓangaren Denmark ya ɓace bayan yaƙin a 1864. A Varde, Luplau ta kafa kungiyar agaji, kuma ta zama mace ta farko a Denmark da ta yi magana a bikin kasa.

A shekara ta 1872, Luplau ta zama memba na reshe na gida na kungiyar mata ta Dansk Kvindesamfund (DK) tare da mijinta da 'yarta Marie Luplau .  Sha'awarta ga 'yancin mata ta mayar da hankali kan' ƴancin mata da dai-daito na siyasa, kuma ta kasance cikin ƙungiyar adawa a cikin DK. A shekara ta 1888, ta gabatar da jerin sunayen 1702 don tallafawa shawarar Fredrik Bajer a majalisar dokokin mata a matsayin wakilin DK. A shekara ta 1885, ta kasance daga cikin magoya bayan sabuwar kungiyar mata ta Kvindelig Fremskridtsforening (KF), wani ɓangare na tsoffin mambobin DK, kuma ta yi aiki a kwamitin tsakiya na KF a shekara ta 1886. A shekara ta 1886, ta koma Copenhagen bayan da mijinta ya yi ritaya, kuma a shekara ta 1888, ta wakilci KF a taron mata na farko na Nordic a Copenhagen, inda ita da Johanne Meyer suka gabatar da mata a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan batutuwa huɗu a cikin 'yancin mata. Luplau ya zama daya daga cikin manyan mutane na ƙungiyar mata ta Danish, kuma ya yi aiki a kan kwamitin takardar KF  tare da Matilde Bajer, Anna Nielsen da Massi Bruhn .

A shekara ta 1889, Luplau ya kafa ƙungiyar 'yan takara ta Danish Kvindevalgretsforeningen (KVF) tare da Louise Nørlund, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugabanta daga 1889 zuwa 1891. Manufarta ita ce ta kafa wata kungiya ta musamman don zaɓen mata maimakon DK da KF, waɗanda ke kula da batutuwan mata daban-daban, kuma ta tara goyon baya daga maza da kungiyoyin siyasa daban-daban. Luplau ta kasance mai kawo rigima, mai tsananin gwagwarmaya tare da kusanci kai tsaye wanda gwagwarmayarta ta haifar da motsin rai mai ƙarfi, kuma ba ta shahara a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyin mata ba, waɗanda suka ɗauka cewa ta raba ƙungiyar mata. A shekara ta 1891, an tilasta mata ta yi murabus a matsayin shugabar KVF saboda dalilai na kiwon lafiya.

A shekara ta 1917, 'yarta Marie Luplau ta kirkiro wani hoton hoto na rukuni don majalisar dokokin Denmark wanda ke nuna sanannun mambobin ƙungiyar mata, inda aka sanya Luplau a gaba.

## Manazarta
Carole Smitherman

**Carole Catlin Smitherman** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1952) ƴar siyasa ce Ba'amurkiya kuma masanin shari'a, tana aiki a matsayin Alkalin Kotun Da'irar Jefferson County. Smitherman ya yi aiki a cikin 2009 a matsayin Magajin Gari na 31st na Birmingham, Alabama kuma ya kwashe shekaru da yawa a matsayin memba na Majalisar City kafin ta yi murabus don ɗaukar matsayinta na shari'a a yanzu.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Smitherman ya girma a Birmingham. Ita da yayanta sun girma daga kakarta, malami a Kwalejin Al'umma ta Jihar Lawson . Smitherman sau da yawa yana nuna abokantaka na yarinta tare da tsohuwar sakatariyar harkokin wajen Amurka Condoleezza Rice .  Ta sauke karatu daga Spelman College a Atlanta, Jojiya a 1973. Ta ci gaba da samun Likitanta na Juris a Miles Law School, ta fara sauke karatu a aji a 1979. Smitherman ya auri Sanata Rodger Smitherman na jihar Alabama .

An fara zaɓe Carole Smitherman a Majalisar Birnigham a 2001 kuma an sake zaɓe ta sau biyu. Ta yi yakin neman zabe na ofishin magajin gari a shekarar 2003, 2007, da 2009.

A matsayinta na shugabar majalisar Birmingham City, ta karbi mukamin magajin gari a lokacin da aka samu Larry Langford da laifuka 60 na cin hanci da rashawa da kuma laifuka masu alaka a ranar 28 ga Oktoba, 2009.  Bayan wata daya, sai ta rasa mukamin lokacin da sabuwar majalisar ta yi taro a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba, 2009, kuma ta zabi Roderick Royal a matsayin shugaban majalisa kan kuri'u 5-4, don haka kai tsaye ya sa Royal ya zama magajin gari. Daga baya Smitherman ta sha kaye a takararta na zama magajin gari a wani zabe na musamman biyo bayan hukuncin Langford.  

Carole Smitherman ita ce mace ta farko Ba-Amurke magajin gari a Birmingham. Ta kasance mace ta farko Ba-Amurke da aka hayar a matsayin mataimakiyar lauya a gundumar Jefferson kuma mace ta farko Ba'amurke Ba'amurke Municipal da Alkalin Kotun da'ira a Birmingham. Smitherman kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai gabatar da ƙara na birni na birnin Irondale, Alabama . An zabe ta a ofishinta na shari'a a 2012, bayan da ta doke lauya Pat Thetford. Wurin zama yana kula da al'amuran jama'a da cece-kuce sama da $10,000. 

Smitherman ba ta samu hammaya ba a zaben ta na 2018, kuma an zabe ta a karo na biyu. 

Smitherman bai sake tsayawa takara ba a 2024.  Dan jam'iyyar Democrat Frederic Bolling ya doke dan takarar jam'iyyar Republican Douglas Roy a budaddiyar kujera. 

## Manazarta
Elisabeth Møller Jensen

**Elisabeth Møller Jensen** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1946) masanin tarihin wallafe-wallafen Danish ne kuma mai fafutukar mata. Daga 1990 zuwa 2014 ta kasance darakta na Kvinfo, Cibiyar Bayanai ta Danish kan Mata da Jima'i . Ta kuma ba da gudummawa a matsayin mai sukar wallafe-wallafen ga jaridu da yawa na ƙasar Denmark kuma ta ba da lacca kan binciken mata da siyasa.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife ta a ranar 31 ga watan Disamba 1946 a Lemvig a yammacin Jutland, Elisabeth Møller Jensen 'yar mai yin burodi ne kuma ƙwararren ma'aikaci Tage M. Jensen (1921-94) da matarsa Gudrun Borgholm (1921-75). Ta girma a cikin yanayin zamantakewar dimokuradiyya inda, tare da 'yan uwanta uku, ta halarci makarantar sakandare, ta shiga daga Struer Gymnasium a shekarar 1967. Daga nan sai ta koma babban birnin inda ta yi karatun Danish da Rasha a Jami'ar Copenhagen . Daga baya ta ƙware a cikin Danish, ta sami Cand.phil . a cikin 1977 . [1]

Daga 1973, Møller Jensen ya fara koyarwa a jami'ar kuma ya zama mai aiki a siyasa, ya shiga kungiyoyi daban-daban na hagu. Ta ci gaba da daukar aikin koyarwa na ɗan gajeren lokaci a jami'o'i daban-daban, inda ta sami MA a cikin wallafe-wallafen Nordic daga Jami'ar Aarhus a shekarar 1984. An buga rubutun ta game da marubucin Norwegian Camilla Collet a cikin 1987 a matsayin Emancipation som lidenskab (Emancipation as a Passion). 

Daga 1981, ta shiga cikin aikin bincike wanda ya ƙare a matsayin edita na *Nordisk kvindelitteraturhistorie* (Tarihin Littattafan Mata na Arewa) wanda aka buga a cikin manyan kundin biyar daga 1993 zuwa 1998. Møller Jensen ya zama darektan Kvinfo a cikin 1990, yana ƙara yawan ma'aikatansa sau uku, sake tsara mujallarsa Forum da ƙirƙirar bayanan yanar gizo na farko na Turai wanda aka sadaukar da shi ga mata. A shekara ta 2006, ta fara shirin Kvinfo's Women in Dialogue, wanda aka mayar da hankali kan mata a Gabas ta Tsakiya.

## Kyaututtuka
Møller Jensen ta sami kyaututtuka da yawa ciki har da kyautar Lis Jacobsen a 1994 don aikinta a matsayin edita na *Nordisk Kvindelitteraturhistorie* da kuma tallafin tafiye-tafiye na Tagea Brandt Rejselegat a 2004. A shekara ta 2006, an girmama ta a matsayin Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog . 

## Manazarta
Cornelia Wallace

**Cornelia Wallace** ( née **Ellis**, tsohon **Snively** ; an haife ta a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 1939Janairu 8, 2009) ita ce Uwargidan Shugabancin Alabama daga 1971 – 1978 kuma matar Gwamnan Demokuradiyya George C. Wallace ta biyu.

Wallace ta ja hankalin al'ummar kasa a ranar 15 ga Mayu, 1972, lokacin da, tana da shekaru 33 ta jefa kanta a kan mijinta lokacin da Arthur Bremer ya harbe shi har sau hudu a lokacin yunkurin kisan kai a cibiyar kasuwanci a Laurel, Maryland .  A lokacin, Wallace yana neman goyon baya a yunkurinsa na tsayawa takarar shugaban kasa a jam'iyyarsa .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Wallace a Elba a kudu maso gabashin Alabama ga Charles G. Ellis, injiniyan farar hula wanda ya mutu a 1960, da "Big Ruby" Folsom Ellis, tsohon Gwamna James E. "Big Jim" 'yar'uwar Folsom . Folsom ya kasance gwauruwa kuma a cikin 1947 ya gayyaci 'yar uwarsa ta zama uwargidan shugaban kasa ; Cornelia ta shiga ta tana ɗan shekara takwas. 

Wallace ya halarci Kwalejin Methodist Huntingdon da Kwalejin Rollins a Winter Park, Florida, kuma ta karanta murya da piano . Ta rera waka da buga guitar kuma ta zagaya Ostiraliya da Hawaii tare da mawaƙin ƙasar Roy Acuff .  Wallace ta rubuta kuma ta rubuta waƙoƙi guda biyu don rikodin MGM : "Ba Ƙaunar bazara ba ne" da "Baby with the Barefoot Feet".  Bayan mutuwar mahaifinta, ita da mahaifiyarta, waɗanda ba su da wadata amma suna da abokan arziki da masu tasiri, sau da yawa a gida suna zama ga abokai masu arziki a Washington, DC, da sauran garuruwa don rayuwa fiye da yadda suke da iyaka. Ta auri John Snively, wanda danginsa suka mallaki wurin shakatawa na Cypress Gardens kusa da Winter Haven, Florida . Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu, James da Joshua, amma sun sake aure a 1969.  

Cornelia Wallace ya kasance 'yar' yar'uwar George Wallace, tsohon Gwamna Jim Folsom, wanda Wallace ya ci nasara a 1962 Democratic Primary . Ta auri Wallace a ranar 4 ga Janairu, 1971, jim kaɗan kafin a rantsar da shi a karo na biyu na wa'adinsa huɗu na gwamna,  da shekaru biyu da rabi bayan mutuwar matarsa ta farko, tsohon Gwamna Lurleen Burns Wallace .

## Mutuwa da gado
An nuna ta Angelina Jolie a cikin fim din TV *George Wallace* . Kamfanin dillancin labarai na Associated Press ya bayyana cewa an nuna sigar fim din Cornelia Wallace a matsayin " yar kyanwar jima'i mai zurfi" don haka Cornelia Wallace ta yi suka game da hoton. 

Wallace ya mutu da ciwon daji a Sebring, Florida, ranar 8 ga Janairu, 2009. 

Turnham ya kuma tunatar da cewa a matsayin uwargidan shugaban kasa, Misis Wallace ta bukaci 'yan kabilar Alabam da su dasa lambunan kayan lambu domin dogaro da kai.

## Manazarta
Thora Knudsen

**Thora Alvilda Knudsen** (1861-1950) ma'aikaciyar jinya ce ta ƙasar Denmark, Mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata kuma mai ba da agaji. Ta zama memba mai aiki na Ƙungiyar Nurses ta Danish tun lokacin da aka kafa ta a 1899 kuma, tana kamfen don zaɓen mata, an zabe ta don zama memba na Majalisar Birnin Copenhagen (Borgerrepr__wol____wol____wol__) a 1909 bayan an ba mata izinin shiga cikin zaɓen birni. Mai magana akai-akai a tarurrukan Danish Women's Society, ta yi aiki a kan kwamitin daga 1911. A matsayinta na mai ba da agaji, ta goyi bayan kungiyoyin agaji da yawa ciki har da Diakonissestiftelsen da Danish Red Cross.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife ta a Stærrede kusa da Bisserup a arewa maso yammacin Zealand, Thora Alvilda Knudsen ita ce ta biyu daga cikin 'ya'ya mata uku na manomi kuma alƙali na gida Harald Valdemar Fiedler (1808-1887) da Marie Sophie Kirstine Jensen (1830-1905). Bayan ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin malami a Tegneskolen don Kvinder daga 1876 zuwa 1886, tare da 'yan uwanta mata biyu ta yanke shawarar zama ma'aikaciyar jinya, sana'a mai zuwa ga' yan mata a lokacin.

Bayan watanni tara kawai a matsayin mai koyo a Asibitin Frederiks da ke Copenhagen, ta nemi mukamin babban ma'aikacin jinya wanda ya haifar da aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na farko har sai an tura ta zuwa wani yanki tare da abokan aiki shida. Ɗaya daga cikin marasa lafiya ta kasance memba na dangin sarauta wanda ya taimaka mata ci gaba daga baya.

A shekara ta 1891, ta auri Morten Ole Knudsen, likita ne a asibiti kuma ta yi ritaya daga aikin jinya amma ta ci gaba da kasancewa memba mai aiki a kungiyar Nurses. Mai goyon bayan 'yancin mata, ita ce babbar 'yar takara ga Conservatives a zaben birni na 1909, na farko da mata za su iya shiga. Ta kammala wa'adi daya kawai a matsayin memba na Majalisar birni inda ta yi ƙoƙari ba tare da nasara ba don zama ɗaya daga cikin wakilan 'yan ƙasa biyu a kwamitin don zaɓen majalisa mai zuwa. Duk da yake wasu daga cikin abokan aikinta sun yi tunanin cewa ra'ayi ne mai kyau, ta ba da rahoton cewa daya daga cikinsu ya bayyana cewa "mata ba su da wani wuri a can saboda ba su da damar yin zabe".

Ta kasance mai magana akai-akai a kungiyar mata ta Danish, ta zama memba na kwamitin a shekarar 1911. Ko da bayan an ba mata damar jefa kuri'a a 1915, ta jaddada bukatar mata su shiga rayuwar jama'a kuma suyi magana a tarurruka. Ta yi imanin cewa sai dai idan mata sun zama masu aiki, rashin adalci ga maza da mata zai ci gaba. A shekara ta 1920, ta kasance dan takara ga Venstre amma ba ta yi nasara ba.

A matsayinta na mai ba da agaji, ta ba da tallafi ga yara masu bukata, marasa lafiya da tsofaffi, kuma ta yi aiki ga Gidauniyar Deaconess (*Diakonissestiftelsen*), Red Cross, Gidan Welander da Society for the Fight against Sexual Diseases . 

Thora Knudsen ya mutu a ranar 23 ga watan Janairun 1950 a Copenhagen . 

## Manazarta
Bishara Atwood

**Evangeline Atwood** (an haife ta a shekarar 1906 &#x2013; 1987) ƴar tarihi ce, ƴar gwagwarmaya, kuma ƴar agaji. Ita ce ta kasance mai haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyoyi masu yawa a Alaska, ciki har da Ƙungiyar Alaska ta Jihar Alaska, Ƙungiyar Masu Zaɓuɓɓuka ta Anchorage, Majalisar Al'amuran Duniya ta Alaska, Majalisar Iyaye-Malami na Anchorage, da Cook Inlet Historical Society . Ƙungiyar Tarihi ta Alaska ta ba ta lambar yabo ta Tarihin Shekara a 1975.  A cikin 2009, an ba ta suna zuwa Hall of Fame na Mata na Alaska .  Mijinta Robert Atwood kuma shine mai haɗin gwiwa, tare da shi, na *Anchorage Times* . 

## Rayuwar farko da aiki
An haifi Maud "Evangeline" Rasmuson a 1906 a Sitka, Alaska . Iyayenta sune Edward Anton Rasmuson da Jenny Olsen. Tana da ɗan'uwa ɗaya, Elmer. Ta halarci Jami'ar Washington da Jami'ar Chicago, inda ta sami Bachelor of Arts da Master of Arts, bi da bi.  Bayan kammala karatun, ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin zamantakewa a Springfield, Illinois . 

Ta auri Robert Atwood a ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 1932, wanda ta sadu da shi yayin aiki a Springfield.   Sun ƙaura zuwa Anchorage, Alaska, a cikin 1935.  Ta zama ɗan tarihi mai mai da hankali kan tarihin Alaska . Za ta rubuta littattafai shida game da tarihin Alaska da al'adunta, ciki har da daya game da James Wickersham . Har ila yau, ta rubuta wa *Anchorage Times*, a cikin abin da take da ginshiƙai guda biyu, "Matan Alaska a Siyasa" da "Maganar Tarihi." Ta kafa Majalisar Al'amuran Duniya ta Alaska . Za ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na hukumar da mai tsara taron na kungiyar. A 1935, ta haifi Marilyn Jeanette Atwood. A 1940, ta haifi wata 'yar, Sara "Elaine" Atwood. A cikin 1947, ita da Robert sun sayi Otal ɗin Anchorage . 

A tsakiyar 1940s, ta kafa kungiyar Alaska Statehood Association, don tallafawa Ernest Gruening don samun matsayin jihar Alaska. Ta zama shugabar kungiyar da ke da wakilci a garuruwa goma na jihar. Kungiyar ta tallafa wa George Sundborg don samar da binciken bincike da za a yi amfani da shi don bayyana wa masu jefa kuri'a dalilin da ya sa za su mayar da Alaska jiha. An yi amfani da shi a zaɓen jihar Alaska na 1946, kuma an amince da ƙuri'ar raba gardama.

Atwood ya fara ƙungiyar masu jefa ƙuri'a ta Anchorage a cikin 1950. Atwood ta adana yawancin takardunta da takardunta a gida, ciki har da takardun da suka shafi aikinta a *Anchorage Times* . Yawancin takardunta da ma'ajiyar tarihin iyali an lalata su a lokacin girgizar kasa ta Alaska a 1964 . 

## Daga baya rayuwa da gado
Atwood ne ya fara rubutun tarihin jaridun Alaska, kuma ɗan jarida Lew M. Williams, Jr., ya cika bayan mutuwarta.  A cikin 2009, an ƙaddamar da Atwood a cikin Hall of Fame na Mata na Alaska .  Gidan kayan tarihi na Anchorage mai suna Bob da Evangeline Atwood Alaska Resource Center bayan ita da mijinta.  Ana gudanar da takaddun dangin Atwood a cikin tarin Jami'ar Alaska Anchorage .  Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Atwood a Cibiyar Alaska don Yin Arts ana kiransa bayan Atwood.  Ƙungiyar Tarihi ta Alaska ta ba da lambar yabo ta Evangeline Atwood don ƙwarewa a tarihin Alaska. 

## Kara karantawa

* Atwood, Evangeline da Robert N. DeArmond. *Wanene Wanene a Siyasar Alaska* . 1977. 

## Manazarta
Birgitte Berg Nielsen

**Birgitte Berg Nielsen** (1861-1951) ta kasance malamar kasar Denmark ce kuma Mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata. Ayyukanta sun mayar da hankali kan tsabtace gida wanda ta inganta a matsayin batun da za a koyar da shi daidai da aikin gona. Ta zama mai sha'awa sosai kuma mai ƙwarewa a fagen Abinci mai gina jiki, gami da la'akari da tattalin arziki. Ba ta iya samun tallafi daga cibiyoyin da ke akwai ba, a cikin shekarar alif 1905 ta buɗe nata Husholdningsskole og Husholdningsseminarium (Makarantar Kula da Gida da Kwalejin Horar da Malamai) a gundumar Frederiksberg ta Copenhagen . Daga shekarar 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1933, ta wallafa littattafai da yawa game da abinci mai gina jiki.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife ta ne a Vandborg Parish kusa da Lemvig a arewa maso yammacin Jutland, Ane Birgitte Berg 'yar malamin makaranta ne Jens Nikolaj Poulsen Berg (1827-1881) da matarsa Dorthe Marie née Jensen (1835-1909). A watan Agustan 1887, ta auri masassaƙi Rasmus August Nielsen (1859-1939). A matsayinta na memba na iyali mai aiki a siyasa, ta tashi daga yarinya don zama malama. Bayan kammala karatunta a Askov Højskole a 1877, ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar kiwo (1878-80) kafin ta kammala horar da malamai a Femmers Kvindeseminarium a shekarar 1882. 

Yayinda take koyarwa a asirce, ta fara fahimtar muhimmancin bukatar makarantun tsabtace gida ga mata kamar yadda makarantun noma suka kasance ga maza. Yayinda take aiki a matsayin malama a Copenhagen (1885-1906), ta gabatar da tsare-tsare ga karamar hukumar don gabatar da tsabtace gida a matsayin batun ilimin 'yan mata bayan makarantar firamare. A wannan lokacin, Nielsen ta zama memba mai aiki a cikin Danish Women's Society inda ta shiga tattaunawa game da buƙatar inganta aiki da horar da ma'aikatan gida. Ta gabatar da shawarwari da kuma buga takardu game da bukatar ilimin kula da gida, ba kawai a matsayin al'amari ga makarantun sakandare ba amma a matsayin wani bangare na inganta zamantakewa, kiwon lafiya da tattalin arziki da gwamnati ke buƙata don magance su. Mata ba a haife su a matsayin matan gida ba amma suna buƙatar "koyon wani abu don zama wani abu". Ta hanyar ƙarin koyo game da abinci mai gina jiki da kuma kudade da suka dace da gidaje na matakan samun kudin shiga daban-daban, mata za su iya shiga cikin al'umma gaba ɗaya.

Kamar yadda hukumomi ba su yarda da shawarwarin Nielsen ba, a cikin 1905 ta kafa makarantar kula da gida a Frederiksberg. Ta kuma ci gaba da gudanar da dakin gwaje-gwaje a can inda ta sami damar gudanar da karatu kan abinci mai gina jiki. Yayinda aka gabatar da darussan kan tsabtace gida a hankali, ta zama mai ba da shawara da mai kula da jihar. Ta yi ritaya a shekara ta 1908.

Birgitte Berg Nielsen ta mutu a Frederiksberg a ranar 13 ga Disamba 1951. 

## Manazarta
Voldborg Ølsgaard

**Voldborg Antoinette Brøns Ølsgaard** née Appelt (1877-1939) ta kasance mai fafutukar zaman lafiya a Denmark wacce ta kasance mai aiki a reshen Aarhus na Danish Women's Society . Wani memba na ƙungiyar zaman lafiya Danske Kvinders Fredskæde, ta jagoranci gundumar Jutland ta uku (1922-25) kuma ta shirya takardar kungiyar  ('Palama da 'Yanci') har zuwa 1937. Ølsgaard ta kasance a bayan gina Dansk Kvindesamfunds Hus (Danish Women's Society House), an kammala shi a 1930. Ta kasance mai kula da shi har sai da ta yi ritaya sakamakon rashin lafiya a shekarar 1935. 

## Rayuwa ta farko da iyali
An haife ta a Ommestrup, Djursland, a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1877, Voldborg Antoinette Brøns Appelt 'yar shugaban makarantar sakandare ce Marius Nicolaj Appelt (1841-1907) da matarsa Petra Jakobine Louise née Brøns (1847-1926). Ta yi karatu a makarantar Mørke Højskole ta mahaifinta . [1] A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1901, ta auri mai zane-zane Elias Ølsgaard [da] (1983-1964). [2]

## Ayyuka
Da yake sun ba da kansu ga zaman lafiya, ma'auratan sun gina gidan da suka kira "Pax" a Aarhus inda Elias ya sami kwamiti don yin ado da ɗakin karatu na Jiha. Voldborg Ølsgaard ta kasance memba na farko na Danske Kvinders Fredskæde wanda aka kafa bayan Taron Zaman Lafiya na Mata na 1915 a Hague . A cikin 1925, kungiyar Danish ta canza sunanta zuwa Kvindernes Internationale Liga don Fred og Frihed daidai da sunan kungiyar kasa da kasa ta Women's International League for Peace and Freedom . 

Ølsgaard ya jagoranci gundumar Jutland ta uku ta zaman lafiya daga 1922 zuwa 1029, yana ba da lacca, inganta ayyukan da kuma jan hankalin alaƙa a garuruwa da yawa a yankin. Musamman, ta shirya takardar kungiyar ** daga farkonta a matsayin takarda mai shafi huɗu a 1924 zuwa fadada fasalinsa tare da masu biyan kuɗi 4,000, ta yi ritaya saboda rashin lafiya a ƙarshen 1937. 

Ta kuma kasance mai aiki a cikin ƙungiyar mata kuma ta yi aiki a kan kwamitin reshen Aarhus na kungiyar. Ta yi nasara sosai wajen shirya gina gini don ba da ayyukan kungiyar na Aarhus. An san shi da Dansk Kvindesamfunds Hus, an kammala shi a 1930 kuma ta ci gaba da gudanar da shi har sai da ta yi ritaya saboda dalilai na kiwon lafiya a 1935. 

Voldborg Antoinette Brøns Ølsgaard ta mutu a Aarhus a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1939 kuma an binne ta a cikin cocin a Mørke . Mijinta ya tsara kabarinta.

## Dubi kuma

* Mata a Denmark

## Manazarta
Caja Rude

**Caja Rude** née **Løvgreen** (1884-1949) sanannen marubuciya ce na Danish, marubucin gajeren labari kuma yar jarida. Yawancin ayyukanta na matasa ne amma kuma ta rubuta wa manya. Mai goyon bayan haƙƙin mata, sau da yawa tana magance bukatar mata su sami ilimi mafi kyau don su zama masu wadatar kansu kuma su sami aiki a masana'antu. Ta rufe al'amuran mata don mujallar Social-Democraten . Ayyukanta mafi shahara *Kammerat Tinka* (1938) ya jaddada ilimin mata, Sanin aji da kuma buƙatar al'adun ma'aikata.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife ta a gundumar Frederiksberg ta Copenhagen a ranar 11 ga Yulin 1884, Caja Løvgreen 'yar Axel Peter Carl Løvgrein (an haife ta 1847), mai kula da tashar, da matarsa Wilhelmine Christine née Oest (1859-1939). Tana ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'ya takwas na iyali. A watan Yulin 1907, ta auri shugaban masana'anta Lauritz Christian Rude (1879-1965). [1][2]

Caja Løvgreen tana da matsala yayin da mahaifinta ya bar iyalin lokacin da take da shekaru takwas. Ta yi ɗan gajeren lokaci a makarantar Katolika a Randers amma dole ne ta bar lokacin da take da shekaru goma. Lokacin da take da shekaru 17, ta tafi Copenhagen don yin aiki a matsayin baiwa. Tana son zama marubuciya, ta ilimantar da kanta kuma ta halarci Conservatory na ɗan lokaci. Bayan aurenta, ta koma larduna tare da mijinta, da farko zuwa Stege a tsibirin Møn, sannan zuwa Korsør a yammacin Zealand. Ta shiga cikin kungiyar mata ta Danish, inda ta shugabanci reshen yankin na wani lokaci.

Bayan auren ya rabu, Caja Rude ta sami rayuwa da farko a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo na fim amma a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa na yau da kullun daga 1915. A cikin 1925, an yi wasan kwaikwayon *Som Kvinder var - som Kvinder er* (Kamar yadda Mata suke - Kamar yadda Mata suke) a Slagelse, sannan *Arvefjenden* (Maƙiya ta Gida) a cikin 1926 wanda aka shirya a Helsingør . Littafinta na farko, tarin gajeren labari *Skyggebilleder* (Shadow Portraits), wanda ke nuna adadi daga kasan tsani na al'umma, an buga shi a 1929.

Caja Rude ya mutu a Copenhagen a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba 1949 kuma an binne shi a Kabari na Assistens . 

## Manazarta
Jane Angvik

**Jane Ruth Angvik** (an haife ta a watan Agusta 4, 1948) yar siyasa ce kuma mai shirya al'umma a Alaska. Ta yi aiki a Hukumar Anchorage Charter da Majalisar Anchorage . Angvik ita ce Daraktan Filaye a Sashen Albarkatun Alaska kuma Kwamishinan Ma'aikatar Ciniki da Ci gaban Tattalin Arziƙi na Alaska . Ita memba ce a zauren Mata na Alaska . 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Angvik a cikin 1948  a Saint Paul, Minnesota . Ta sami Digiri na farko a Arts daga Jami'ar Minnesota-Twin Cities . Ta kuma sami Digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanarwa da Harkokin Jama'a daga Makarantar Ilimi ta Jami'ar Harvard .

Angvik ta fara rayuwar jama'a a cikin 1960s, inda ta yi aiki don shirin Minneapolis Model Cities. Shirin ya magance yankunan da ke fama da talauci, laifuka, rashin aikin yi, da nufin inganta ci gaban al'umma. Angvik ta koma Alaska a farkon shekarun 1970 kuma ta ci gaba da rayuwar jama'a. A cikin 1975, an zaɓi Angvik zuwa Hukumar Yarjejeniya ta Anchorage, wacce ta rubuta shata ga Municipality na Anchorage .   An zabe ta a matsayin memba na Majalisar Anchorage a 1979 da 1982, kuma ta kasance shugabar Majalisar daga Oktoba 1984 zuwa Oktoba 1985.    A shekarar 1986 ta tsaya takarar laftanar gwamna.   Ta kasance kwamishinan kasuwanci da ci gaban tattalin arziki na jihar har zuwa Disamba 1990  kuma ita ce Darakta mai kula da filaye a ma'aikatar albarkatun kasa . 

Angvik ya taimaka wajen haɓaka Cibiyar Al'adun Ƙasa ta Alaska  tsakanin 1990 da 1995. Ta kuma taimaka ƙirƙirar Ƙungiyar Siyasa ta Mata ta Alaska, wanda yanzu ake kira Alaska Women for Political Action.  A cikin 2019, ta kasance farkon wanda ke tallafawa Dokar Raba Kasuwanci don haɓaka haraji kan kamfanonin mai,   wanda ya zama Ma'aunin Zaɓe na 1 a cikin 2020   kuma bai yi nasara ba a zaɓen. 

Angvik ya kasance mai aiki tare da Girl Scouts na Alaska, kuma shine babban kujera na yakin neman taimako don gina Camp Singing Hills.

An shigar da ita cikin dakin Fame na Mata na Alaska a cikin 2014 kuma tana aiki a matsayin memba.

An auri Angvik da Vic Fischer daga 1981 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 2023.    Suna da 'ya daya. 

## Manazarta
Anna Lohse

**Anna Christine Abeline Lohse** (1866-1942) malamar makaranta ce ta ƙasar Denmark kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata daga Odense a tsibirin Funen na ƙasar Denmark . Baya ga koyarwa a wannan makarantar na tsawon shekaru 52 har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a 1936, ta kasance memba mai aiki a Odense chapter na Danish Women's Society daga kafa ta a 1890, ta zama memba mai daraja a 1915. Ta yi gwagwarmaya don inganta ilimi a matsayin hanyar inganta wadatar mata da damar aiki. A wannan hanyar, a cikin 1891 ta kafa makarantar maraice wacce mata za su iya halarta kyauta.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife ta a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 1866 a Odense, Anna Christine Abeline Lohse 'yar mai yin takalma Heinrich Lohse (1832-1903) da matarsa Anne Cathrine née Nielsen (1839-1925). Tana son zama malama tun tana yarinya, ta halarci makarantu daban-daban a Odense kafin ta koma Copenhagen inda ta horar da ita don zama malama a Makarantar N. Zahle, ta sami difloma a shekara ta 1889. [1]

Ta koma Odense kuma ta shiga hukumar makarantar ta yankin. Vestre Skole ce ta yi mata alkawari lokacin da aka buɗe ta a shekara ta 1897, ta kasance har sai da ta yi ritaya a shekara ta 1936.  Baya ga tarihin halitta, babban darasi, ta koyar da ilimin ƙasa, lissafi da addini.

Lohse ta kasance ta farko a cikin ƙungiyar mata a Odense . Lokacin da Danish Women's Society ta kafa reshe a can a watan Yunin 1890, duk da shekarunta ta zama memba mai aiki na kwamitin gudanarwa a cikin shekarun 1890, ta shugabanci kungiyar a cikin 1892 kuma daga 1894 zuwa 1899. An yi wahayi zuwa gare ta ta hanyar ilimin Grundtvigian, ta magance matsalolin al'umma a cikin labaran da ta ba da gudummawa ga mujallar *Kvinden &amp;amp; Samfundet* (Mata da Al'umma). A nan ta haɗa matsalolin mata da na maza masu aiki, tana mai da hankali cewa daidaito tsakanin jinsi ya dogara da magance matsalolin da maza masu aiki ke fuskanta. Sai kawai ta hanyar inganta ilimin su ne mata za su iya fatan a gane su a matsayin masu zaman kansu, masu tallafawa kansu. Mata suna buƙatar zama masu aiki a siyasa idan za a warware matsalolin ma'aikata. A sakamakon shawararta, babi na Odense na Kungiyar Mata ya buɗe makarantar maraice wanda mata za su iya halarta kyauta. Ya yi aiki har zuwa 1900. 

Anna Lohse ta mutu a Odense a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 1942. Ta shafe mafi yawan rayuwarta a gidan dangi tare da iyayenta da 'yar'uwarta Kathrine . 

## Manazarta
Caroline Testman

**Caroline Sophie Testman** (1839 - 1919), 'yar kasar Denmark ce. Ita ce co-kafa Dansk Kvindesamfund ko DK (Kungiyar Mata ta Denmark) kuma shugabarta 1872-1883. 

Ita ce 'yar Mai kula da gidan waya kuma kyaftin din Peder Otto Testman (1806-90) da Henriette Marie Hohlenberg (1808-74). Tana da sha'awar karatu, amma mahaifinta bai ba ta izini ba. A cikin shekarun 1860, duk da haka, ta zama mai aiki a matsayin 'yar jarida mai zaman kanta, kuma ta ba da gudummawa tare da labarai ga takardu daban-daban, wani abu da ta ci gaba da yin mafi yawan rayuwarta. Ɗaya daga cikin takardun da ta ba da gudummawa ita ce Tidskrift för hemmet, takarda ta 'yar Sweden Sophie Adlersparre .

Caroline Testman ita ce co-kafa kungiyar mata ta farko a Denmark, Dansk Kvindesamfund ko DK (Kungiyar Mata ta Denmark) tare da Tagea Johansen, Elisabet Ouchterlony da Matilde Bajer . An kafa DK a cikin 1871 a matsayin reshe na Ƙungiyar Mata ta Faransa tare da Matilde Bajer a matsayin shugaban da Caroline Testman a matsayin mai ba da kuɗi. Bajer ba da daɗewa ba ta bar matsayinta, kuma lokacin da magajinta Severine Casse ya yi haka a 1872, Testman ya zama shugabanta, mukamin da ta ci gaba har zuwa 1883. A lokacin da take aiki, ta mayar da hankali kan samun ilimi da aikin sana'a ga mata. Ta kafa Handelsskolen for Kvinder (The Business School For Women) a cikin 1872 don buɗe kasuwar aiki ga mata a cikin ma'aikata masu yawa a cikin kasuwanci, ofis da ayyukan banki: an ba wannan makarantar tallafin gwamnati kuma ta kasance cibiyar farko ta ilimi ga mata a Denmark a cikin waɗannan batutuwa har zuwa 1903, lokacin da jihar ta ba da wannan ilimi ga mata. A shekara ta 1874, ta kuma kafa Søndagsskolen for Kvinder (SK) don ilimin firamare na mata masu aiki, waɗanda ke da ma'aikata tare da masu ba da gudummawa: wannan yana aiki har zuwa 1890, lokacin da ƙungiyar ɗalibai ta ba da wannan ilimi ga mata. A shekara ta 1876, ta kafa Tegneskolen don Kvinder (The Drawing School For Women) tare da Charlotte Klein .

Caroline Testman ta kasance mai goyon bayan mata, amma a lokacin da take shugaban, batun bai riga ya zama batun ba. A shekara ta 1884, ta ba da shawarar a yarda da tambayar a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin burin ƙungiyar, amma ba tare da nasara ba. A shekara ta 1887 ta goyi bayan shawarar sake fasalin mata masu zaman kansu da ɗan siyasa Fredrik Bajer ya yi. Ta ci gaba da kasancewa memba mai aiki a cikin DK har zuwa mutuwarta. A cikin nufinta, ta kafa asusun ajiya ga ɗaliban mata.

## Manazarta

* Tarihin Dansk Kvindebiografisk Leksikon
Zainal Abidin Hassan

Datuk **Zainal Abidin Hassan bin Mohd Ali** (an haita a ranar 9 ga watan Nuwamba shekarata alif 1961) itace kocin kwallon kafa na Malaysia kuma tsohowar yar wasa.

## Manazarta
Vibeke Salicath

**Vibeke Ingeborg Salicath** née **Frisch** (1861-1921) ta kasance mai ba da agaji ta Danish, mai fafutukar mata kuma 'yar siyasa. Daga shekarun 1890, tare da 'yar'uwarta Gyrithe Lemche, ta kasance memba mai aiki a kungiyar mata ta Danish inda daga 1901 ta shirya *Kvinden &amp;amp; Samfundet* . 

## Rayuwa ta farko da iyali
An haifi Vibeke Ingeborg Frisch a Copenhagen ranar 1 ga Agusta 1861. Ita ce ‘yar Hartvig Frisch (1833–90), shugaban makaranta, da Elisabeth Alexandra Mourier (1835–92). Ita ce babbar ‘yar’uwar mai fafutukar kare hakkokin mata, Gyrithe Lemche (1866–1945). A ranar 18 ga Oktoba 1884, ta auri mai fassara Gerhard Guise Salicath (1859–1937), inda suka haifi ‘ya’ya shida, yawancinsu sun rasu tun suna kanana: Constance Frederikke (1885), Erik (1886–88), Viggo (1887–88), Peter (1891–98), da tagwaye Karen da Kirsten Emilie (1902), inda Karen ce kawai ta tsira bayan haihuwa.

An haife ta ne a cikin yanayi mai kyau a Lyngby inda iyalinta suka koma Wilhelminelyst lokacin da take ƙarama. A can ne ta sadu da Gerhard Salicath wanda ta auri a 1884. Ma'auratan sun koma gidaje masu sauki a Vesterbro na Copenhagen. Bayan jerin matsalolin iyali, ta bar mijinta a 1903 amma ta ki amincewa da bukatarsa ta saki.[1]

## Rayuwar sana'a
Ya kasance tare da wata uwa guda, 'yar jarida Valborg Andersen, Salicath ta kafa masaukin mata Kvindeherberget a cikin 1902, wanda daga baya aka sani da Kvindehjemmet a cikin gundumar Nørrebro ta Copenhagen. Bayar da sabis na jin kai ga uwaye marasa aure tare da yara, tsarin kirkiro ya taimaka wajen canza halayen ga mata marasa aure a cikin yanayi mara kyau.

A cikin shekarun 1890, Salicath ta zama memba na Kungiyar Mata, tana ƙarfafa 'yan uwanta Gyrithe da Asta su shiga. Ta kasance memba na kwamitin kungiyar ta Copenhagen daga 1900, ta zama mataimakiyar shugaban kasa a 1905. Ta zama edita na *Kvinden &amp;amp; Samfundet* a cikin 1901, amma kuma ta ba da gudummawa ga wasu mujallu na mata ciki har da , Frou-Frou,  da *Hjemmet* . 

A matsayinta na 'yar wasa mai aiki a cikin ƙungiyar mata ta Denmark, zaɓen mata ya zama babban damuwarta, musamman bayan ta shiga taron Berlin na Majalisar Mata ta Duniya na 1904, inda aka ƙaddamar da Ƙungiyar Mata ta Duniya. Daga 1907 zuwa 1908, ta gaji Louise Nørlund, ta jagoranci Kungiyar Mata ta Suffrage Union . 

Representing the conservative party Højre, she was one of the first seven women to be elected to the Copenhagen City Council () in 1909, where she took a particular interest in the Nærumgård children's home. In 1914, she co-founded the Danish Women's Conservative Association ().

Vibeke Salicath ya mutu a Copenhagen a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 1921. An binne ta a Kabari na Lyngby's Assistens . 

## Manazarta
Morgan Christen

**Morgan Brenda Christen** (an Haife ta a watan Disamba 5, 1961) lauya ce Ba'amurkiya kuma masanin shari'a wanda ke aiki a matsayin alkalin da'irar Amurka na Kotun daukaka kara ta Amurka don zagaye na tara . A baya ta yi aiki a matsayin alkalin kotun jiha a Kotun Koli ta Alaska daga 2009 zuwa 2012 da kuma Kotun Koli ta Alaska daga 2002 zuwa 2009. 

## Rayuwar farko, ilimi, da aikin shari'a
An haifi Christen a cikin 1961 a Chehalis, Washington .  Ta sauke karatu daga Jami'ar Washington a 1983 tare da digiri na farko a cikin karatun kasa da kasa. Daga nan ta halarci Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Golden Gate, ta kammala karatun digiri tare da Likitan Juris a 1986. 

Bayan kammala karatunsa daga makarantar lauya, Christen ya kasance magatakarda na shari'a ga alkalin Kotun Koli na Alaska Brian Shortell daga 1986 zuwa 1987. Daga 1987 zuwa 2002, ta kasance a cikin aikin sirri a kamfanin lauya Preston Gates &amp;amp; Ellis, ta zama abokin tarayya a 1993. 

## Aikin shari'a

### Sabis na shari'a na jihar Alaska
Christen ya kasance alkali a Kotun Koli ta Alaska daga 2002 zuwa 2009. A cikin 2009, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan takara biyu da Majalisar Shari'a ta Alaska mai mutane bakwai ta ba da shawarar su maye gurbin Justice Warren Matthews a Kotun Koli ta Alaska . Kungiyoyi masu fafutukar hana zubar da ciki sun yi adawa da Christen saboda hidimar da ta yi a matsayin memba na kwamitin iyaye na Planned a tsakiyar 1990s. Duk da haka, a ranar 4 ga Maris, 2009, Gwamna Sarah Palin ya zaɓi Christen don ya cika gurbin a Kotun Koli ta Alaska.

### Ma'aikatar shari'a ta tarayya
A kan Mayu 18, 2011, Shugaba Barack Obama ya zabi Christen zuwa wurin zama a kan Tara ta tara da Andrew Kleinfeld ya bar, wanda ya dauki matsayi mai girma a kan Yuni 12, 2010.  A ranar 8 ga Satumba, 2011, Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dattijai ya ba da rahoton fitar da ita daga kwamitin da kuri'ar murya . Majalisar dattijai ta tabbatar da Christen ta hanyar kuri'a 95-3 a ranar 15 ga Disamba, 2011.  Ta karɓi hukumar a ranar 11 ga Janairu, 2012  kuma tana kula da ɗakunanta a Anchorage . 

## Duba kuma

* List of first women lawyers and judges in Alaska

## Manazarta
Louise Wright (mai fafutuka)

**Louise Gustave Dorothea Hildegard Wright** née **Bauditz** (1861-1935) ta kasance mai ba da agaji a ƙasar Denmark, mai fafutukar mata da kuma mai fafutuka na zaman lafiya. Daga 1913, ta jagoranci kungiyar Præmieselskabet don Plejemødre, ƙungiyar iyaye mata masu kula da yara sama da 600. Ta kuma kasance memba mai aiki na *Danske Kvinders Nationalråd* (Majalisar Mata ta Kasa) inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban kasa. A shekara ta 1915, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa *Danske Kvinders Fredskæde*, reshen Danish na Ƙungiyar Mata ta Duniya don Zaman Lafiya da 'Yanci, tana aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin (1921-1924). 

## Rayuwa ta farko da iyali
An haife ta a ranar 30 ga watan Janairun 1861 a Fleckeby, Schleswig, Louise Gustave Dorothea Hildegard Bauditz 'yar Carl Adolph Valentin Bauditz (1810-1895) da Elisabeth Carlsen (1838-1902). Lokacin da take 'yar shekara uku, sakamakon Yaƙin Schleswig na Biyu, iyalin suka koma Helsingør inda mahaifinsa ya jagoranci gidan tsofaffi. Lokacin da take da shekaru 15, ta sadu da Hans Beck Wright (1854-1925) a wasan kwallon. Sun yi aure a shekara ta 1886. [1]

## Rayuwar sana'a
Babban sha'awar Wright ita ce taimakon jama'a. A shekara ta 1913, ta zama darakta na Præmieselskabet for Plejemødre, wata ƙungiya ta iyaye mata masu aiki, tana kula da yara sama da 600 na Copenhagen a ƙarƙashin shekaru biyar, Ta kasance a cikin mukamin har tsawon rayuwarta. A shekara ta 1911, ta zama memba na kwamitin manema labarai na *Danske Kvinders Nationalråd* (DKN) kuma a shekara ta 1914 ta shiga kwamitin *Foreningen Mødres da Børns Bespisning*, ƙungiyar don jin daɗin uwaye marasa aure tare da yara.

Kamar yadda Wright 'yar asalin Kudancin Jutland ce, tare da barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na farko a shekara ta 1914, ta jagoranci *Flensborg-Samfundet* (Flensburg Society) da fatan cewa za a mayar da tsoffin yankunan Danish zuwa Denmark. A shekara mai zuwa, ta shiga *Danske Kvinders Fredskæde*, reshen Danish na sabuwar ƙungiyar Mata ta Duniya don Zaman Lafiya da 'Yanci. Ta kasance mai aiki a gudanar da reshen Danish inda ta yi aiki a kan kwamitin daga 1921 zuwa 1924 kuma daga baya ta zama memba mai daraja.

Godiya ga goyon bayanta ga Danes a Kudancin Jutland, bayan sake haɗuwa a 1920, a matsayin shugaban Flensburg Society ta yi tafiya zuwa Jamus a kowane bazara tare da Hanne Jenssen don samar da ƙarfafawa ga Danes da ke zaune a Kudanci Schleswig. Ta kuma zama memba mai daraja na *Den Sydslesvigske Kvindeforening*, Kungiyar Mata ta Kudancin Schlesvig . 

A cikin shekarun 1930, Wright ta fara ƙungiyar mata don taimakawa wajen tallafawa coci a Jægersborg.

Bayan ta rasa mijinta a 1925, Louise Wright ta shafe sauran rayuwarta tare da 'yarta Lissie a Jægersborg . Ta mutu a Gentofte a ranar 15 ga Afrilu 1935. 

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin masu fafutukar zaman lafiya

## Manazarta
Mousse

**Mousse** abinci ne mai laushi wanda ya haɗa da kumfa na iska don bashi haske da iska. &#x2009; 

Ana yin mousses mai dadi tare da fararen kwai, mai mai laushi,  ko duka biyun, kuma an ɗanɗana shi da ɗaya ko fiye da cakulan, kofi, caramel,  'ya'yan itace masu laushi,ko ganye da kayan yaji daban-daban, kamar mint ko vanilla. A cikin yanayin wasu cakulan, ana motsa kwai a cikin cakulan daya narke don bada samfurin ƙarshe mai jin baki. Ana kuma sanyaya Mousses kafin a basu, wanda ke basu ƙanshi mai yawa. Bugu da ƙari, sau dayawa ana daskare mousses a cikin siffofin silicone kuma ba a gyara su ba da mousse siffar da aka bayyana.Ana bada mousse mai ɗanɗano a matsayin kayan zaki ko kuma ana amfani dashi azaman cika burodi. 

Ana iyayin mousses mai ɗanɗano daga nama, kifi, kifi mai laushi, foie gras, cuku, ko kayan lambu.Hot mousses sau dayawa suna samun haske daga kara da fararen kwai.

## Manazarta
Wani Zeuthen

Else Marie Zeuthen née **Bengtsson** (1897-1975) ta kasance mai fafutukar zaman lafiya a kasar Denmark kuma mai fafutuka. A cikin shekarun 1950, ta wakilci Jam'iyyar Danish Social Liberal Party a matsayin memba na Folketing . Daga 1941 zuwa 1953, ta jagoranci reshen Danish na Ƙungiyar Mata ta Duniya don Zaman Lafiya da 'Yanci kuma ta kasance shugabar ƙungiyar ta duniya daga 1956 zuwa 1965. Zeuthen ya yi adawa da kasancewa memba na Denmark na NATO. Ta ba da gudummawa wajen kirkirar cibiyar sadarwa ta Danish na ƙungiyoyi da cibiyoyin da za su iya yin aiki tare da irin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi a matakin duniya.

## Rayuwa ta farko, iyali da ilimi
An haife ta a gundumar Frederiksberg ta Copenhagen a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 1897, Else Marie Bengtsson 'yar malamin Svend Otto Bengtsson (1871-1956) ce da matarsa Elise Marie née Lassen (1873-1956). A shekara ta 1915, ta yi karatu daga Makarantar Marie Kruse kuma ta sami digiri na biyu a Turanci daga Jami'ar Copenhagen a 1921. A watan Nuwamba 1924, ta auri farfesa a fannin tattalin arziki Frederik Ludvig Bang Zeuthen (1888-1959). Ba su da yara.[1]

## Ayyuka
A cikin 1919, yayin da yake dalibi, Zeuthen ya kasance co-kafa mujallar kimiyyar zamantakewa *Socialvirke* (Aiki na Jama'a). Bayan kammala karatunta, ta zama malami, mai fassara, kuma daga 1929 zuwa 1935, mataimakiyar koyarwa a jami'ar. Ta jagoranci Kvindelig Læseforening (Kungiyar Karatu ta Mata) daga 1935 zuwa 1945. Babban sha'awarta duk da haka shine hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa kan zaman lafiya. Bayan ta yi aiki a Danske Kvinders Fredskæde, reshen Danish na Kungiyar Mata ta Duniya don Zaman Lafiya da 'Yanci (WILPF), a cikin 1935 ta zama memba na kwamitin kungiyar ta tsakiya kuma ta jagoranci reshen Dansh daga 1941 har zuwa 1953 lokacin da ta yi murabus bayan ta zama memba a Folketing. Ta goyi bayan WILPF a duk lokacin da Jamus ta mamaye.

A matsayinta na memba na Folketing, wanda ke wakiltar Jam'iyyar Danish Social Liberal, ta mai da hankali kan batutuwan zamantakewa, gami da alaƙar kasa da kasa kamar kasancewa memba na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da matsaloli a kasashe masu tasowa. Dangane da layin jam'iyya, ta yi adawa da shigar Denmark cikin NATO.

Zeuthen ya ci gaba da aiki a kwamitin WILPF na tsakiya daga 1946, ya zama shugaban kasa da kasa daga 1956 zuwa 1965. 

Else Zeuthen ya mutu a Rungsted ko 27 Disamba 1975 kuma an binne shi a Hellebæk . 

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin masu fafutukar zaman lafiya

## Manazarta