Marie Hartig Kendall

**Marie Hartig Kendall** (1854-1943) yar Amurka ce mai daukar hoto. Hotunanta na shimfidar wurare sun rubuta Norfolk, Connecticut, yankin a ƙarshen 19th da farkon ƙarni na 20th. An haife ta a yankin Alsace na Faransa,ta yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka tare da danginta kuma ta sami horon aikin jinya a Asibitin Bellevue da ke New York.Mai daukar hoto da ta koyar da kanta,a lokacin rayuwarta Kendall ta yi sama da 30,000 na daukar hoto bayan ta fara samun kyamarar kallo a cikin 1880s.Ta lashe lambar yabo don daukar hoto a 1893 World's Columbian Exposition . Ta sayar da hotunanta a matsayin katin waya da New Haven Railroad don tallan su. Daga cikin hotunanta akwai wasu da ke nuna Babban Blizzard na 1888.

## Rayuwar farko, ilimi da iyali
An haifi Marie Hartig a cikin 1854 a Mulhouse, Faransa, inda danginta suka mallaki masana'antar takalma da auduga. Bayan yakin Franco-Prussian, lokacin da aka ba da ƙasarsu ta haihuwa ga mulkin Jamus,sun yi hijira zuwa Amurka, sun isa birnin New York a 1871.  Ta nemi danginta da ta gudanar da rayuwa mai zaman kanta;Tare da 'yar uwarta,ta shiga cikin shirin horar da ma'aikatan jinya a Asibitin Bellevue. 

A Bellevue ta sadu da wani ɗalibi,John Calvin Kendall (1847-1921), ɗan asalin Ridgefield, Connecticut .  Su biyun sun yi alkawari, kuma mai yiyuwa ne saboda dokar da ta saba wa dangantakar jinya da likitoci, lMarie ta bar Bellevue,ta kammala horar da aikin jinya a Asibitin Sadaka da ke tsibirin Blackwell (yanzu Roosevelt Island).  Ta auri Kendall a wani bikin farar hula a 1877.  A cewar labarin iyali,  ta ƙi samun zoben aure,tana mai ganin cewa alama ce ta bautar mata kuma ta ba da shawarar cewa agogon zai "fi dacewa".  Sun ƙaura zuwa Norwalk, Connecticut, kuma suka fara iyali. 'Ya'yansu uku na farko sune Karolina (kuma Lena, an haifi ta1880), Helen (an haifi 1881), da Cyrus (an haifi 1882). Babbarsu, Lena, ta samu nakasu a wani hatsari mai zafi kuma ta mutu kafin cikarta ta biyu.  An haifi Claude a shekara ta 1884 kuma sai a shekara ta 1899 aka haifi ɗa na biyar,Karolina (Kay). 

## Matsar zuwa Norfolk da daukar hoto
Kendalls sun ƙaura zuwa Norfolk, Connecticut, a cikin 1884.  John Kendall ta kasance abokiyar aikin likita William H. Welch, kuma an gayyace shi don shiga aikin likitancin mahaifinsa, William Wickham Welch.Iyalin sun zauna a ɗaya daga cikin gidajen Welch. Rashin samun damar tafiya zuwa Hartford don shirya ƙwararrun hotunan yaransu, Marie ta sayi kyamarar kallo da kuɗin da ta samu ta hanyar ɗinki da saka tufafi.  Ta saita nata darkroom ta koya wa kanta amfani da kyamara. Ta ci gaba da ƙirƙirar hotunan 'ya'yanta kuma ba da daɗewa ba ta sayar da hotuna ga abokanta da makwabta. Ta sayi walƙiya akan $100 wanda ya ba ta damar ɗaukar hotuna a cikin gida. 

Baya ga hotonta, Kendall ta ɗauki hotuna da yawa na waje,tana nuna shimfidar wurare,masu furanni,ruwa da kuma al'amuran ƙasar Litchfield County.  Hotunanta sun ɗauki mutanen garin Norfolk da kuma abubuwan da suka faru da yawa da kuma gine-ginen yankin,gami da gasar wasan tennis, gidan wasan motsa jiki na Eldridge,da ɗakin karatu na Norfolk.  Kendall ta yi amfani da takarda mai rufin platinum kawai don kwafinta. Daga cikin Hotunan nata akwai hotunan abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi mai tsanani. A lokacin Babban Blizzard na 1888,ta ɗauko kyamararta, da faranti a kusa da Norfolk don rubuta dusar ƙanƙara mai tarihi.Ta kuma dauki hoton abin da ya biyo bayan guguwar kankara ta 1898. A lokacin tafiya zuwa Birnin New York, Kendall ta dauki hoton Bethesda Fountain. 

Kendall ta shiga gasar kulab din kamara  kuma ta gabatar da tarin hotunanta guda uku da aka tsara don nunin Columbian na Duniya na 1893 a Chicago.An nuna aikinta a cikin rumfar mata kuma an ba ta lambar tagulla saboda hotonta na motsi.Ita ce mace daya tilo da ta samu kyautar daukar hoto. Alkalan sun kuma burge da hotonta na bayan arbutus da kuma jerin hotuna inda ta fallasa faifan gilashi guda uku da ke nuna yara ko dabbobi.  

An yi wahayi zuwa ga ɗan littafin daga Nunin Columbian, Kendall daga baya ta samar da *Glimpses na Norfolk* na 1900 wanda ya haɗa da hotunan gidajen rani azaman abin tunawa ga baƙi.Ta kuma yi irin wannan ɗan littafin don Ridgefield, Connecticut.  Don ƙara samun kuɗin shiga na danginta,ta sayar da katunan da ke nuna wuraren makiyaya a Connecticut.   New Haven Railroad sun yi amfani da hotunanta a yakin tallarsu.  An kuma nuna aikin Kendall a Nunin Siyayyar Louisiana a St.Louis a 1904.

Baya ga kasuwancinta na daukar hoto,kendall ta kuma gudanar da wani gidan kwana da ake kira Edgewood Lodge, makarantar dinki da koyar da abinci mai gina jiki ga iyalai na gida.  Kendall ta kasance mai himma a cikin motsin fushi da motsin zaɓen mata. 

Wani lokaci bayan yakin duniya na 1, Kendall ta lalata wasu 30,000 na gilashin da ta tara,  ta sayar da gilashin kashi ɗaya kuma kawai tana adana kusan 500 daga cikinsu. Kendall ta mutu a Norfolk a 1943.

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## Legacy
An yi amfani da Hotunan Kendall sosai a cikin Theron Wilmot Crissey's 1900 *History of Norfolk*.

Ƙungiyar Tarihi ta Norfolk tana riƙe da fiye da 3000 na kwafin Kendall, ɗaruruwan gilashi,da kundin hotuna da ta haɗa tare. An nuna hoton Kendall a cikin nunin 2013 Connecticut Historical Society nuni *ta hanyar Lens daban-daban: Masu daukar hoto na Connecticut Mata uuk*.  Ta kasance batun nunin 2018 ta Norfolk Historical Society, *Artistic Taste and Marked Skill: Hoton Marie H. Kendall*,  a wannan shekarar da al'ummar tarihi ta buga littafin da ke tare *da Babban Legacy: Hotunan Marie Hartig Kendall* . 

## Nassoshi


## Kara karantawa

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## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Gado Na Musamman - Hotunan Marie Hartig Kendall, gabatarwa ta Norfolk Historical Society
* Hotunan Marie Hartig Kendall, Norfolk CT 1884-1920, Norfolk Historical Society.