Solana Beach, California

**''Solana'' Beach** (Solana, Mutanen Espanya don "gefen rana") birni ne na rairayin bakin teku a cikin San Diego County, California, a Kudancin Kudancin . Yawan jama'arta ya kasance a 12,940 a ƙididdigar Amurka ta 2020, daga 12,867 a ƙididdiga ta 2010. 

## Tarihi
San Dieguitos ne suka fara zama a yankin, mazaunan Holocene na farko na yankin. Daga baya Kumeyaay suka zauna a yankin, wadanda suka kafa ƙauyen da suka kira *Kulaumai*, a kudancin kogin San Elijo Lagoon .  A lokacin Mulkin mallaka na Mutanen Espanya, hanyoyin da ke zuwa arewa kusa da Solana Beach sun haye cikin ƙasa don kauce wa marshes da inlets na yankin.

Iyalin George H. Jones sune mazauna Turai na farko a yankin, sun isa a 1886. Har zuwa 19, ana kiran yankin Lockwood Mesa . Lokacin da aka gina madatsar ruwan Lake Hodges a cikin 1917-1918, yankin ya fara bunkasa cikin sauri. Halitta da Gundumar Ruwa ta Santa Fe mai girman kadada 1,000 (49 ) a cikin 1918 ya tabbatar da cewa yankin daga Rancho Santa Fe ta hanyar Solana Beach zai bunƙasa kuma ya faɗaɗa. Yankin bakin teku daga Solana Beach zuwa Oceanside ya fara tasowa a farkon shekarun 1920. A cikin 1922 Colonel Ed Fletcher, shugaban al'umma na farko kuma mai haɓaka, ya sayi kadada 140 (0.57 km2) a $ 20 a kowace kadada daga manomi George H. Jones don haɓaka garin Solana Beach, tare da taimakon surukinsa Eugene Batchelder. Don samar da damar zuwa rairayin bakin teku don ci gaba, an yi amfani da matsin ruwa na ruwa don lalata tan na ƙasa kuma ya haifar da shigarwar Fletcher Cove da rairayin rairayin kan teku. Wannan ya ɗauki mutum ɗaya watanni uku tare da bututun wuta, ta amfani da ruwan da ke zuwa a kan hanyar zubar da ruwa a Lake Hodges Dam. An buɗe rairayin bakin teku tare da babbar murya ciki har da tseren dawakai a kan rairayin kan teku a ranar 4 ga Yuli, 1925. 

Al'umma ta girma a hankali, amma a hankali a duk sauran karni, tare da wasu abubuwan da suka faru a cikin shekaru goma bayan yakin duniya na biyu da kuma bunkasa dukiya a cikin kwata na karshe na karni na 20. A shekara ta 1986 an kafa al'umma a matsayin birnin Solana Beach .  A wannan shekarar, birnin ya dauki bakuncin jana'izar Desi Arnaz, wanda ya mutu a Del Mar. An gudanar da jana'izar Arnaz a Cocin Roman Katolika na St. James, wani ɓangare na Diocese na San Diego.

Birnin ya samu labaran kasa a shekara ta 2003 bayan ya zama birni na farko a nahiyar Amurka da ya kafa dokar hana shan taba a bakin tekun jama'a, lamarin da ya ci gaba da tafiya kamar yadda sauran garuruwan California da ke gabar teku suka bi sahun hana shan taba a bakin tekun nasu. Solana Beach ita ce al'ummar bakin teku ta karshe a gundumar San Diego ta Arewa da ta haramta barasa a bakin teku, tana yin haka na akalla shekara guda a wani mataki da majalisar birnin ta amince da shi baki daya.

A ranar 25 ga Afrilu, 2008, likitan dabbobi da ya yi ritaya kuma mazaunin mai shekaru 38 Dr. David Martin, mai shekaru 66, ya sami mummunan rauni daga wani mummunan rauni mai yawa yayin da yake iyo tare da rukuni kusan 150 yadudduka (140  daga bakin teku kusa da Solana Beach's Fletcher Cove .  An ruwaito cewa ƙungiyar masu iyo sun fara yin iyo a Tide Beach Park zuwa arewa. Masu hawan igiyar ruwa a yankin Fletcher Cover sun lura da hatimi na tashar jiragen ruwa a cikin ruwa da hatimi mai rauni a bakin rairayin bakin teku a Fletcher Cove kafin harin, wannan na ƙarshe shine alamar alamar sharks da ke ciyarwa a yankin. Karin kwanan nan a cikin yawan hatimi a bakin tekun Kudancin California - da kuma halin hatimi na yin iyo kusa da masu iyo na mutane - ana zargin su ne abubuwan da ke ba da gudummawa a harin.

### Gidajen Adnin
Garin La Colonia de Eden Gardens, wanda aka fi sani da La Colonia da Eden Gardens. An kafa al'umma a cikin shekarun 1920 ta manoman Mexico waɗanda masu mallakar manyan ranches a kusa da Rancho Santa Fe suka hayar su. Wadannan manoma suna son iyalansu a kusa, saboda haka kafa La Colonia (mallaka). Sunan Eden Gardens ya zo ne daga baya daga mai haɓaka ƙasa a matsayin kayan aikin talla. Yawancin mazauna har yanzu suna kiran yankin La Colonia . Shahararrun mazauna sun hada da rapper na Chicano Lil Rob, wanda aka haifa kuma ya girma a cikin al'umma.

## Yanayin ƙasa da yanayi

Kafin a kafa birnin, gundumar ta ba da izinin ci gaba da manyan gidaje a saman dutsen sandstone. Masana ilimin ƙasa da ke nazarin rushewa a tsakanin 1947 da 1977 sun sami ɗan canji kaɗan a fuskar bluffs. Ya zama lokacin guguwa kaɗan ne tare da ɗan lalacewa kaɗan a bakin tekun. Birnin ya fuskanci tsaunuka da ke rushewa a kan rairayin bakin teku kuma yana lalata ci gaban da ke sama. Masu mallakar da ke fuskantar barazanar raƙuman ruwa da lalacewar guguwa ga dutsen suna da zaɓuɓɓuka kaɗan.

Tekun Pacific yana yamma; al'ummar Cardiff-by-the-Sea zuwa arewa, da kuma Birnin Del Mar zuwa kudu. Ƙauyen Rancho Santa Fe da ba a kafa shi ba yana gefen gabas.

Solana Beach yana a 32°59′43′′N 117°15′37′′W / 32.99528°N 117.26028°W / 32. 99528; -117.260228 (32.992937,-117.271135). 

Dangane da , birnin yana da jimlar yanki na murabba'in kilomita 3.6 (9.3). 3.5 murabba'in mil (9.1 ) na ƙasa ne kuma 0.1 murabba'i mil (0. ) na shi (.88%) ruwa ne.

## Yawan jama'a

### 2020
ta ba da rahoton cewa Solana Beach tana da yawan mutane 12,941. Yawan jama'a ya kasance mazauna 3,790.6 a kowace murabba'in mil (1,463.6/km2). Tsarin launin fata ya kasance 77.8% fari, 0.6% Ba'amurke Ba'amurkiya, 0.4% 'Yan asalin Amurka, 4.4% Asiya, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 6.2% daga wasu kabilu, da 10.4% daga kabilu biyu ko fiye. Hispanic ko Latino na kowane kabila sun kasance 14.3% na yawan jama'a.

Dukan jama'a suna zaune a cikin gidaje. Akwai gidaje 5,646, daga cikinsu kashi 24.6% sun hada da yara a karkashin shekaru 18, 48.4% sun kasance gidaje masu aure, 7.1% sun kasance gidajen ma'aurata, 27.4% suna da mace mai gida ba tare da abokin tarayya ba, kuma 17.1% suna da namiji mai gida ba. 30.0% na gidaje mutum ɗaya ne, kuma 13.4% mutum ɗaya ne mai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman iyali ya kasance 2.29 . Akwai iyalai 3,450 (61.1% na dukkan gidaje). 

## Manazarta