Nikolaus Gross

**Nikolaus Gross** (Jamusanci: Groß) (30 Satumba 1898 - 23 Janairu 1945) ɗan asalin Roman Katolika ne na Jamus .  Gross ya fara aiki a cikin sana'o'i da ke buƙatar ƙwarewar aiki kafin ya zama mai hakar kwal kamar mahaifinsa yayin da yake shiga ƙungiyar kwadago da ƙungiyoyin siyasa. Amma nan da nan ya zama ɗan juriya kafin ya yi aure yayin da Yaƙin Duniya na II ya sa ya zama mai gwagwarmayar adawa a lokacin Reich na Uku da kuma maganganunsa na adawa da tashin hankali da kuma kusanci da Adolf Hitler. Ya kuma kasance daya daga cikin wadanda ke da hannu kuma an kama su saboda yunkurin kisan Hitler duk da cewa bai shiga ba.

Dalilin da ya yi na tsarkakewa ya yarda cewa Gross ya mutu a 1945 "a cikin odium fidei" (a cikin ƙiyayya da bangaskiya) wanda ya ba Paparoma John Paul II damar jagorantar beatification ga ɗan jaridar da aka kashe a ranar 7 ga Oktoba 2001 a Saint Peter's Square.

## Rayuwa

An haifi Nikolaus Gross a Niederwenigern a ranar 30 ga Satumba 1898 ga wani ma'aikacin kwal; an yi masa baftisma a ranar 2 ga Oktoba kuma ya halarci makarantar Katolika ta yankin daga 1905 har zuwa 1912. 

Gross ya fara aiki a cikin ma'adinai mai juyawa a matsayin mai niƙa (1912-15) sannan kuma a matsayin mai hakar kwal daga 1915 har zuwa 1920. A watan Yunin 1917 ya shiga kungiyar kwadago ta ma'aikatan ma'adinai ta Kirista kuma a 1918 ya shiga ƙungiyar siyasa ta Kirista. A ranar 6 ga Yuni 1919 ya shiga kungiyar Saint Anthony's Miners' Association . 

Ya ci gaba da karatunsa a darussan maraice a Volksverein für das katholische Deutschland kuma a cikin 1920 ya bar aikinsa a matsayin mai hakar ma'adinai kuma ya yi aiki ga Kungiyar Kwadago ta Kirista ("Gewerkverein Christlicher Bergarbeiter") a Oberhausen a matsayin sakatare daga Yuli 1920 har zuwa Yuni 1921. Daga Yuli 1921 har zuwa Mayu 1922 ya kasance mataimakin edita a jaridar ƙungiyar da aka sani da "Bergknappen" a Essen .  Daga Yuni 1922 har zuwa Oktoba 1922 ya kasance ma'aikacin sakataren kungiyar kwadago a Waldenburg a Lower Silesia sannan daga baya a Zwickau sannan a (Disamba 1924 zuwa Disamba 1926) Bottrop . A watan Janairun 1927 ya canza aiki ya zama mataimakin edita a Westdeutsche Arbeiterzeitung wanda shine ƙungiyar ƙungiyar Katholische Arbeitnehmer-Bewegung ("Movement na Ma'aikatan Katolika" ko K.A.B.) kafin nan da nan ya zama babban edita a 1929. Jaridar Westdeutsche Arbeiterzeitung ta fito ne a matsayin takarda da ke sukar Nazis. Bayan zaben da aka yi a watan Maris na shekara ta 1933 an dakatar da takarda na makonni uku. A farkon 1935 takarda ta ɗauki sunan Kettelerwacht kuma an dakatar da ita sau ɗaya a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 1938 amma ya ci gaba da buga wani fitowar ɓoye don fallasa ƙarya na farfaganda. Gross ya ɗauki shugabancin Düsseldorf K.A.B. saboda an kira ma'aikacin sakatarensa zuwa Wehrmacht. Ayyukansa suna da alaƙa da tafiye-tafiye wanda zai taimaka masa a cikin ayyukan juriya masu zuwa. Ya kuma wakilci K.A.B. a taron Katolika.

Yana da abokai masu kyau daga K.A.B. da kuma Kungiyoyin kwadago da 'yan siyasa na Kirista kuma dukansu za su tattauna hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su ga mulkin Nazi a cikin abin da ake kira Cologne Circle wanda ke haɗuwa a cibiyar K.A-B da ake kira Kettelerhaus a Cologne ba daga baya ba 1942. Wannan rukuni ya yi aiki tare da waɗanda ke Berlin game da Carl Friedrich Goerdeler kuma ya shiga cikin shirye-shiryen kansa na lokacin bayan Adolf Hitler ya fita daga ofis idan hakan ya faru.

Gross daga baya ya yi alkawarin aure ga Elisabeth Koch (11.03.1901-21.02.1971) kuma daga baya su biyu suka yi aure a ranar 24 ga Mayu 1923. Ma'aurata suna da 'ya'ya bakwai: 

* Nikolaus Heinrich (1925-2005) 
* Bernhardine Elisabeth (1926-2015) 
* Marianne (1927-2020) 
* Liesel (1929-2001) 
* Alexander (1931-2019) 
* Bernhard (1934-2019) 
* Helene (an haife ta a shekara ta 1939) 

A shekara ta 1940 ya jimre da tambayoyi da bincike a gida tun lokacin da ake sa ido a lokacin. A ranar 12 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1944 an kama shi wani lokaci da tsakar rana dangane da makircin da ya gaza na kashe Hitler a Wolf's Lair a Gabashin Prussia. An fara kai shi Ravensbrück sannan zuwa Berlin a gidan yarin Tegel (daga Satumba 1944) inda matarsa ta ziyarce shi sau biyu kuma ta ba da rahoton azabtarwa da aka yi wa hannu daya da hannayensa biyu. Daga kurkuku ya aika da wasiƙu ga matarsa ciki har da wasikar ban kwana jim kadan kafin ya mutu. A ranar 15 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1945 an yanke masa hukuncin kisa a Volksgerichtshof (Roland Freisler ya hukunta shi) kuma an rataye shi a ranar 23 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 1945 a kurkukun Plötzensee a Berlin. An ƙone gawarsa kuma an watsar da tokarsa a wani shuka.  

## Beatification da sauran girmamawa

An fara aiwatar da beatification a ranar 19 ga watan Janairun 1988 bayan da Ikilisiyar Causes of Saints ta ba da hukuma "nihil obstat" ga dalilin kuma ta kira Gross a Matsayi Bawan Allah; amma zai zama shekaru goma har sai an bude ainihin matakin binciken diocesan a cikin Roma_Catholic_Diocese_of_Essen" id="mwrA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Essen">Diocese na Essen a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 1996 wanda daga baya ya rufe a ranar 12 ta Oktoba 1997. CCS ta tabbatar da matakin diocesan a Roma a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba 1998 kuma ta karɓi Positio dossier a cikin 2000 don bincike. Masana tauhidi sun amince da abinda ke cikin fayil ɗin a ranar 25 ga Mayu 2001 kamar yadda mambobin CCS suka yi a ranar 3 ga Yuli 2001. Paparoma John Paul II ya tabbatar a ranar 7 ga Yulin 2001 cewa an kashe Gross "a cikin odium fidei" (a cikin ƙiyayya da bangaskiya) don haka ya zama Gross a Saint Peter's Square a ranar 7 ta Oktoba 2001.

Mai gabatar da halin yanzu don dalilin (tun daga shekara ta 1996) shine Dokta Andrea Ambrosi .

Akwai gidan kayan gargajiya da aka keɓe ga Nikolaus Gross a Niederwenigern . A shekara ta 1948 an sanya wa titin a Cologne suna don girmama shi kuma an sanya wa kan tituna suna a wurare kamar Berlin, Dortmund, Bocholt, Vreden, Fulda, Dinslaken, Paderborn, Bergkamen, Dülken, Mönchengladbach, Oberhausen da Essen" id="mwwQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Essen">Essen da sauransu. An sanya wa makarantu suna bayan shi a Cologne, Essen, Bottrop, Menden, Lebach, da Lünen da sauransu. An keɓe masa ɗakin sujada a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 2004, da kuma dutse na tunawa a Gelsenkirchen-Buer a ranar 26 ga Oktoba 2003.

## Dubi kuma

* Cocin mai albarka Nikolaus Groß, Ministan Essen
* Eugen Bolz
* Jerin mambobin shirin 20 ga Yuli
* Babbar wuri

## Manazarta