Augustine De Rothmaler

**Augustine De Rothmaler** (12 ga Nuwamba, 1859 - 28 ga Nuwamba), malamar ƙasar Belgium ce kuma mai fafutukar mata.Bayan ta halarci , ta koyar a Cours d"éducation B na tsawon shekaru talatin kafin ta zama darektan ma'aikatar, tana tabbatar da cewa ɗaliban makaranta sun mai da hankali ga al'amuran zamantakewa, mata, da zaman lafiya. Sha'awarta a cikin wallafe-wallafen sun haɗa da fassara ayyukan marubutan Jamusanci da Danish zuwa Faransanci.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Augustine De Rothmaler a Brussels, Belgium a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 1859. Ita ce 'yar Gustave De Rothmaler, shugaban Ma'aikatar Jama'a ta Brussels . Ta halarci Cours d'éducation, makarantar 'yan mata da Isabelle Gatti na Gamond ta kafa kuma ta gudanar. Wadannan Cours d'éducation sun kasance wurin kiwo ga mata na gaba, wanda ake kira "Gatticiennes", wanda ya kafa cibiyar sadarwa ta ƙungiyar mata bayan sun sami difloma. Ta kammala karatu daga ilimi mafi girma a 1876. 

Ta koyar na watanni uku sannan ta tafi Romanshorn, Switzerland, inda ta kammala darussan a Cibiyar Zollinkofer cikin shekara guda kuma ta sami ƙarin difloma. . Kasancewarta a Romanshorn ta kuma ba De Rothmaler damar inganta iliminta na Jamusanci da kuma bunkasa sha'awar yarukan Jamusanci gabaɗaya. Daga baya, ta kuma yi karatun Danish.

## Ayyuka
A farkon shekara ta 1878, ta koma Brussels kuma ta koyar da adabi, Faransanci, da Ingilishi a Cours d'éducation B a rue du Marais (wanda ya zama makarantar sakandare ta Henriette Dachsbeck). Ta kasance sananniyar malama ce tare da ɗalibanta. A shekara ta 1897, an nada De Rothmaler a matsayin "mai mulki na farko" a can. Shekaru goma bayan haka, a cikin 1907, ta ki amincewa da tayin shiga sabuwar makarantar sakandare a Brussels. A ranar 1 ga Satumba, 1911, De Rothmaler ta gaji Aline Héris a matsayin Darakta na Cours d'éducation B, inda ta kasance tana koyarwa na shekaru talatin.

Kamar Gatti, De Rothmaler ta yi ƙoƙari ta inganta ruhun zamantakewa tsakanin ɗalibanta. Ta tabbatar da cewa karin 'yan mata daga unguwanni matalauta a kusa da Cours d'éducation B sun sami damar halarta, don tabbatar da mafi girman haɗin zamantakewa tare da' yan mata daga aji na tsakiya waɗanda ke halartar makaranta. An kuma ba da hankali sosai a cikin ɗaliban makarantar ga al'amuran zamantakewa, mata, da zaman lafiya,  wanda bai hana shi ba, a lokacin mamayar Jamus, daga ƙarfafa kishin ƙasa a cikin abokan huldarta da ɗalibai. 

.

A shekara ta 1911, ta shiga  (Alliance for Peace through Education), wanda Maria Rosseels da Claire Baüer suka kafa kwanan nan, sannan daga baya  (Belgian League for Education).  Bayan ta yi ritaya a 1919, De Rothmaler ta zama memba mai daraja na  (League of Education) kuma ta ci gaba da aiki a  . [1]

A duk lokacin da ta yi aiki, De Rothmaler ta ci gaba da sha'awar wallafe-wallafen gabaɗaya da wallafe-walfen Faransanci musamman. Ta saba halartar da'irorin marubuta da masu zane-zane kuma ta gabatar da shirye-shiryen gargajiya da aka shirya a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Royal Park da kuma New University of Brussels . 

Ta kuma fassara wasu ayyukan da marubuta na Jamusanci da Danish suka yi, musamman Johannes V. Jensen,   kuma ta rubuta littattafai da yawa game da hotuna marubuci da kuma mata George Sand, wanda shine samfurin De Rothmaler. 

## Rayuwa ta mutum
A lokacin rayuwarta, De Rothmaler ta kafa babban abota da ma'aurata Théo da Maria Van Rysselberghe . Wannan na karshe yana daya daga cikin tsoffin ɗaliban De Rothmaler kuma suna da sha'awar wallafe-wallafen Faransanci. A shekara ta 1894, Théo Van Rysselberghe ya yi hoton Augustine De Rothmaler, wanda yanzu yake a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Metropolitan a Birnin New York.

Bayan ya yi ritaya, De Rothmaler ya shiga ma'auratan van Rysselberghe a Le Lavandou, Faransa inda suke zaune tun 1910. Ta mutu a can a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba, 1942,  tana da shekaru 83, kuma an binne ta a cikin gidan ajiyar iyali na van Rysselberghe .

## Ayyukan da aka zaɓa

* "Les prétendus portraits de George Sand", a cikin Mercure de France (1924), shafi na 688-697 (a Faransanci) 
* "Hotunan George Sand, a cikin Gazette des Beaux-Arts (1926), shafi na 70-78 (a Faransanci) 

## Manazarta