Gamayyar KWH

**KWH Group Ltd** ( Finnish: KWH-yhtymä Oy, Yaren mutanen Sweden: KWH-koncernen Ab) ɗaya ne daga cikin manyan kamfanoni na ƙasar Finland a fannin abrasives, sabis na dabaru da robobi. Tana da hedkwata a Vaasa, Finland.

Daga farkon farawa a cikin masana'antar katako, KWH Group ya girma ya zama babban mai fitar da katako a Finland a shekara ta 1939, wanda ya kai kashi 26% na jimillar fitar da katako na ƙasar da kuma wasu kashi 20% na fitar da itacen ɓarke ​​​​[ake bukata]. Kamfanin ya kasance mafi girma a duniya fox da mink fur a cikin 1960s da 1970s, yana samar da kusan kashi 10% na duk furs na mink na Finnish, daidai da 2% na samar da duniya a 1973.

Bayan fadadawa zuwa samar da robobi a cikin 1950s, kamfanin shine na farko a Finland don kera faffadan zanen gadon polystyrene mai suna Styrox. Kafa wani wuri a masana'antar bututun filastik, kamfanin shine na farko a duniya da ya kera bututu mai diamita 600 mm (24 in) a cikin 1964, ta haka ya sami karɓuwa a duniya.

A yau, ƙungiyar Mirka (a da KWH Mirka Group har zuwa 2016) tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana'antun "kayan abrasives masu sassauci" a duniya. Tana da hedkwata a Vaasa, Finland.

## Tarihi

### Wiik & Höglund
Emil Höglund [fi] da Edvin Wiik duk sun kasance cikin kasuwancin katako. Emil Höglund ya yi aiki a matsayin magatakarda kuma Edvin Wiik ya yi aiki a matsayin mai siyan katako mai zaman kansa na masu aikin katako na Hellnäs. Yayin da ake sa ran za a rufe masana'anta, duka biyun sun fuskanci rashin aikin yi. Tattaunawa game da zaɓin su, sun yanke shawarar kafa nasu kamfani, Wiik & Höglund, wanda aka kafa a ranar 28 ga Agusta 1929. Kamfanin zai tsunduma cikin kasuwancin katako, kayan aikin rami da katako. Wiik ya yi aiki a matsayin mai siye, kuma Höglund, ya yi karatu a kwalejin kasuwanci kuma ya ɗan yi ɗan lokaci a Ingila a 1928, yana da alhakin tallace-tallace da ajiyar kuɗi.

Ko da yake sun sami wadataccen shekara ta farko a cikin kasuwanci kamfanin kuma ya fuskanci matsaloli na lokaci-lokaci, misali a cikin shekarun ɓacin rai na 1930-1933. Koyaya, a ƙarshen 1930s, kamfanin ya haɓaka cikin sauri, kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu fitar da katako a Finland, tare da Emil Höglund ya yi balaguro a matsayin ɗan kasuwa zuwa Jamus, Netherlands, Belgium, Faransa da Burtaniya. A shekara ta 1939, Wiik & Höglund sune manyan masu fitar da katako a Finland, suna lissafin kashi 26% na jimlar katakon ƙasar da ake fitarwa da kuma kusan kashi 20% na fitar da katako.

Nasarar kasuwancin da suka samu ya ba su damar saka hannun jari a waje da ayyukan kamfaninsu, kuma a cikin 1937 sun zama babban mai hannun jari a cikin kamfanin Jakobstads Cellulosa Ab (mafi rinjaye na Oy Wilh. Schauman Ab), kuma a cikin 1939 sun ɗauki babban hannun jari a cikin kamfanin. Kamfanin jigilar kayayyaki na Vasa Rederi Ab, daga baya ya siyan haja duka. Riƙe su a Jakobstads Cellulosa Ab shima ya ƙaru, kuma a cikin 1960s Wiik & Höglund da Keppo tare sun riƙe kashi 15% na Oy Wilh. Schauman Ab, yana mai da su babban mai hannun jari mai zaman kansa.

A cikin shekarun yaƙin, an kusan dakatar da fitar da Wiik & Höglund, kuma an samar da wasu kayayyakin don rama hasarar kayayyakin da aka fitar. Itacen wuta da guntuwar itace yanzu sun zama samfura mafi mahimmanci, kuma sojojin Jamus da na Finnish, da hukumomin jihar Finnish ne suka saya.

Bayan yakin, an fara fitar da katakon katako zuwa waje kuma abokan cinikin kamfanin na baya a Jamus ta Yamma, Faransa da Netherlands sun sake zama manyan abokan ciniki. Riba yana da kyau kuma an sake saka ribar zuwa ƙayyadaddun kadarorin, galibi daji. Mafi mahimmancin jarin ya zo ne a cikin kaka 1951, lokacin da kamfanin robobi na Holmsund AB da ke Umeå, Sweden, ɗaya daga cikin abokan cinikin Wiik & Höglund, ya ba su haƙƙin masana'antu su kaɗai a Finland. An fara samar da aikin ne a Vaasa a shekarar 1951, kuma ya koma wasu sabbin wurare a shekarar 1952, inda kamfanin KWH Group's da na Uponor na hadin gwiwar masana'antar bututun filastik, Uponor Infra Ltd, ke har yanzu.

Wiik & Höglund sun yi manyan jari da sayayya don faɗaɗa kasuwancinsu na robobi. A cikin 1954, an sayi kamfanin Vaasa Lars Berts, kuma a cikin 1955 an samar da bututun filastik na farko. Wiik & Höglund shi ne kamfani na farko a Finland da ya kera faffadan zanen gadon polystyrene, waɗanda aka sayar da su a ƙarƙashin sunan alamar Styrox, sunan da yake daidai da yau a Finland tare da duk samfuran da aka yi da wannan ɗanyen kayan.

Sauran kamfanonin da aka samu sune Forss & Govenius da Nars, dukkansu daga Jakobstad, waɗanda suka haɓaka zuwa KWH Plast. A cikin 1969, Wiik & Höglund da Oy Finlayson Ab tare sun sayi wani kamfani mai fafutuka na polyethylene Muovitehdas Oy a Ulvila, ya zama reshen Wiik & Höglund a 1986 yayin sake fasalin kasuwancin bututu.

A cikin 1970s, Wiik & Höglund sun fara gudanar da manyan ayyuka na kasa da kasa da dama, daga baya aka kafa su zuwa sashin WH Pipe International. Ayyukan bututu a Brazil, Iraki, Koriya ta Kudu da Tailandia sun kara wa kamfanin sanin wadannan kasuwanni. Sake fasalin da maida hankali kan wasu samfuran ya ci gaba a cikin 1980s, yayin da kamfanin ya ci gaba da haɓaka ƙasashen waje. An kafa masana'antar kera bututun polyethylene a Denmark, Thailand, Kanada, da kuma a cikin 1990 a Malaysia da Portugal. An ƙara bututun masana'antu a cikin shirin samarwa lokacin da Oy Muotekno Ab, Oy Sul-Mu Ab, Laurolon Oy, Plastilon Oy da kamfanin Faransa Sipap Pipe Systems S.A. suka shiga rukunin. Sakamakon sake fasalin da aka yi a rukunin, an mayar da cikakken kera bututun zuwa KWH Pipe, wanda a yau wani bangare ne na kamfanin Uponor Infra Ltd, hadin gwiwa tsakanin kamfanonin Uponor da KWH Group.

### Keppo
Wurin da ke cikin gidan Keppo yana da ƙananan ayyukan masana'antu tsawon ƙarni da yawa. Tare da Keppo rapids da ke ba da damar yin amfani da wutar lantarki, kuma a hade tare da kusanci kusa da tashar jiragen ruwa a Nykarleby, alderman Samuel Lithovius ya gane damar kasuwanci don sarrafa katako daga dazuzzuka da ke kewaye, kuma ya kafa wani katako mai amfani da ruwa a wurin. A cikin kusan 1740. Masu mallakar na gaba sun haɓaka wurin tare da shuka taba, injin niƙa, aikin farar fata da lilin-, auduga- da masana'anta har zuwa 1829 lokacin da Carl Otto von Essen ya sayi Keppo.

A lokacin Otto von Essen, masana'antar katako ta sami bunƙasa a cikin kasuwanci. Peter Malm daga Jakobstad, sanannen ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa kuma kwararre ne, ya zama memba na kamfani a masana'antar katako a shekara ta 1840. Ya ba da kuɗin kuɗaɗen aikin katako kuma ya sayar da kayayyakin da aka gama, yayin da von Essen ya yi aiki a matsayin mai duba da mai siyan katako. A cikin 1860s, abin da ake samarwa a shekara ya wuce gundumomi dubu goma. Wata gobara da ta tashi a shekara ta 1893 ta lalata injinan katako, kuma ba a fara aiki da injin niƙa ba a Keppo rapids tun daga lokacin. Iyalin von Essen sun mallaki gidan Keppo har zuwa 1899 lokacin da Hugo Grönlund ya samu, wanda ya sayar da shi ga kamfanin Wilhelm Schauman Ab a Jakobstad a 1906.

Viktor Schauman, dan Wilhelm Schauman, ya sayi gidan Keppo a 1918, kuma bayan gyara, ya zauna a gidan tare da matarsa ​​har zuwa 1930, lokacin da aka sake sayar da gidan. Babban ginin daga nan ya zama makarantar sakandare ta bishara, kuma ƙungiyar garanti ce ta mallaka a lokacin 1930–1942. Bayan wani lokaci a matsayin masaukin sojoji a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, gidan Viktor Schauman, wanda ya zauna a gidan har zuwa 1954 ya sake saya kuma ya sake mayar da gidan.

A cikin layi daya da ayyukansa a cikin kamfanin Wiik & Höglund, Emil Höglund [fi] ya kasance yana aikin noman mink tun daga 1937, da farko tare da Karl Johan Stuns daga Vörå har zuwa 1944, daga baya kuma tare da Karl-Johan Tidström. Ayyukan noman su sun faɗaɗa cikin sauri cikin shekaru masu zuwa kuma a cikin 1953, shirye-shiryen kiwo na yau da kullun sun haifar da maye gurbi na musamman, Finlandia Topaz, wanda ya sami karɓuwa a duniya. A cikin 1954, Emil Höglund da Karl-Johan Tidström sun sayi gidan Keppo tare da filin noma mai hekta 37 da hekta 418 na gandun daji, inda suka kafa kamfanin Keppo Ltd. Duk ayyukan noman mink yanzu mallakar Keppo Ltd ne, da kuma sabon mink. gona aka kafa kusa da tsohon gidan. Wannan gona kuma ta sami ci gaba cikin sauri kuma ta zama babbar gonar mink a duniya a shekara ta 1962. An kai kololuwar noman a cikin shekarun 1970, lokacin da aka samar da fatun kusan 130,000 a gonar Keppo, yayin da samar da dukkan gonakin Keppo tare ya kai kusan kusan 480,000 mink- da 150,000 fox-skins.

### KWH Group
An kafa ƙungiyar KWH a cikin 1984, lokacin da Oy Keppo Ab ta sayi ragowar rabin hannun jarin Oy Wiik & Höglund Ab waɗanda ba ta riga ta mallaka ba, daga dangin Wiik. Oy Keppo Ab ya riga ya sayi rabin kamfanin daga dangin Höglund a 1981.

An sake fasalin ƙungiyar a ƙarshen 1980s da farkon 1990s, kuma an yi gyare-gyare da yawa, wanda aka fi sani da sayar da gandun daji kusan kadada 13,000 da kuma hannun jari a Oy Wilh. Schauman Ab, kazalika da siyar da sannu-sannu na duk ayyukan da suka shafi kasuwancin noma na mink da fox.

Bisa sabon tsarin, za a mai da hankali kan albarkatun kungiyar wajen bunkasa muhimman ayyukanta, wadanda aka ayyana a matsayin KWH Pipe, KWH Plast da KWH Mirka. Duk sauran bangarorin ayyukan an tattara su tare a cikin KWH Invest. A farkon, KWH Pipe ya sami kaso mafi tsoka na sabbin jari. An bude wani sabon wurin samar da kayayyaki a cikin 1990 a Portugal, an ninka kayan da aka fitar a Kanada kuma an bude sabbin kayan aikin da aka fadada a Malaysia da Thailand, yayin da aka fara aiki a Indiya a cikin 1992 a cikin hanyar haɗin gwiwa. An yi ƙarin saka hannun jari a Sweden, Poland da Jamus. Koyaya, saboda canjin yanayin kasuwa, an rufe ayyukan a China, Jamus, Amurka da Indiya. KWH Pipe wani bangare ne na Uponor Infra tun 2013.

Wani yanki na biyu na zuba jari shine KWH Mirka (Mirka tun daga 2016), yana aiki a masana'antu da tallan kayan abrasives, mahadi masu goge baki, da injunan yashi misali. kera sassan sassa, gyaran motoci (ART) da samarwa, sarrafa karafa, da samar da kayan daki. A cikin sharuddan juzu'i, Mirka na ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanar da ayyuka biyar a duniya a cikin ɓangaren goge-goge.

A shekara ta 1984, KWH Group ya zama mai haɗin gwiwa na kamfanin Prevex wanda daga baya a shekara ta 2003 ya zama cikakken mallakar.

## Ɓangarori

### Mirka
Mirka (KWH Mirka har zuwa shekara ta 2016) tana kera na'urori masu yashi da kuma na'urorin yashi na lantarki a wuraren da suke Jeppo, Oravais, Jakobstad da Karis, duk a Finland. Babban sassan kasuwanci sune gyaran motoci da kammala masana'antu. Mirka tana fitar da kusan kashi 96% na abin da ake samarwa galibi zuwa Turai, Amurka da Gabas Mai Nisa.

Kewayon samfurin ya haɗa da kayan abrasive, polishing mahadi da sanding inji ga daban-daban na abrasive matakai a cikin mota refinishing da kuma samar (OEM), yi na composite sassa, furniture samar, karfe sarrafa da kuma tallace-tallace ta hardware, fenti da injuna cinikai. Tallace-tallace na karuwa a cikin nau'ikan tallace-tallace na tsarin, wanda dalilin da ya sa shirin samfurin ya haɓaka da samfurori irin su fayafai masu yashi, pads na baya, yashi da injunan gogewa, masu tsabtace injin da sauran kayan haɗi.

Mirka yana ɗaya daga cikin jagororin kasuwannin duniya [abubuwan da ake buƙata] a cikin mafi girman sashin kasuwancin sa, Surface Finishing (gami da gyaran motoci (ART)), masana'antar kera motoci (OEM) gami da ƴan kwangilar ƙasa), ruwa da haɗaɗɗun ruwa. A cikin ɓangaren kasuwar itace, an mai da hankali kan ƙananan masu amfani da matsakaici da matsakaici. An kafa sashin kasuwanci na Kayan aikin Wuta don ƙira da haɓaka injunan yashi da na'urorin haɗi. Rukunin haɓaka Injiniya Surface Finishing yana haɓaka samfuran microproduct don sashin OEM kuma yana neman sabbin wuraren kasuwa masu ban sha'awa.

### Shirye-shiryen KWH
KWH Logistics ya ƙunshi sassan kasuwanci guda uku: Port & Teku, jigilar kaya da Sabis na Masana'antu: ayyukan tashar jiragen ruwa, jigilar kaya da jigilar kayayyaki na duniya. Ya kasance a cikin tashoshin jiragen ruwa 16 a Finland. Tashar jiragen ruwa & Teku, jigilar kaya da Sabis na Masana'antu na cikin rukunin Backman-Trummer, wanda ke reshe ne ga rukunin KWH.

### Freeze KWH
KWH Freeze yana ba da ajiyar sanyi don abinci a Vantaa, Finland.

### KWH Invest
*Prevex*: tarkon ruwa don kicin da gidan wanka, da samfuran da aka ƙayyade. Jagoran kasuwa a Scandinavia don sinks na kicin. Masana'antu a Nykarleby, Finland. Kasuwanci 88%.

Kasuwancin dabarun - Uponor Infra Ltd, 44.7%: tsarin bututun filastik daban-daban.

## Bayanan da ke ƙasa