open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Hanyar Philip Whistler

**Sir Philip Whistler Street, KCMG, KC** (9 ga Agusta 1863 - 11 ga Satumba 1938) alkali ne na Ostiraliya.   Ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Alkali na 8 na Kotun Koli ta New South Wales kuma Laftanar-Gwamnan New South Wales. Shi ne tsarar iyali na farko na Street da ya yi aiki a waɗannan ofisoshin mataimakin shugabanni, waɗanda daga baya ɗansa Laftanar Kanar Sir Kenneth Whistler Street ya riƙe su, da kuma jikansa Kanar Sir Laurence Whistler Street. 

Shi ne lauya na farko da ya samu horo daga Ostiraliya da ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Alkali na Kotun Koli ta farko a Ostiraliya, kuma shi ne Babban Alkali na biyu mafi dadewa a wannan Kotun Koli. Hawan dansa Sir Kenneth a Kotun Koli ta New South Wales a lokacin da yake Babban Alkali ya zama shari'ar Ostiraliya ta uba da ɗa waɗanda ke jagorantar Kotun Koli ɗaya.

## Shekarun farko
An haifi titin a Sydney, New South Wales, Ostiraliya a ranar 9 ga Agusta, 1863. Shi ɗan ɗan siyasa ne na Ostiraliya John Street da Susanna Caroline Street (née Lawson). Mahaifinsa memba ne na Majalisar Dokokin New South Wales daga 1887 zuwa 1891, kuma mahaifiyarsa jikanyar mai binciken Ostiraliya ce William Lawson, wanda ya fara haye tsaunukan Blue Mountains na farko da Turawan mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya suka yi, tare da William Wentworth da Gregory Blaxland. 

Titi ya halarci Makarantar Grammar Sydney. Ya sami digirin farko daga Makarantar Lauyoyi ta Sydney a 1883, kuma an shigar da shi cikin Ƙungiyar Lauyoyi ta New South Wales a ranar 25 ga Agusta 1886. Ya auri Belinda Maud Poolman (24 ga Fabrairu 1865 - 7 ga Satumba 1944) a Cocin Anglican na St John da ke Toorak, Melbourne, a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 1888.

## Farkon aikina
A ranar 24 ga Yuli, 1906, aka naɗa shi alkali a Kotun Koli ta New South Wales. An naɗa Street cikakken alkali a Kotun Koli a ranar 11 ga Fabrairu, 1907 bayan murabus ɗin Alkali WG Walker a watan Fabrairu na wannan shekarar.[1] Street galibi yana jagorantar shari'o'in fatara, saki da kuma shari'o'in tabbatar da adalci. Ya kuma kasance mataimakin shugaban Kotun Sasantawa da aka soke, wadda ke kula da rikice-rikicen masana'antu tsakanin ma'aikaci da ma'aikaci, da kuma kafa ƙa'idodin albashi mafi ƙaranci a jihar. Street kuma ya zauna a Kotun Mataimakin Admiralty da aka soke, wadda aka fara kafawa a New South Wales a lokacin Gwamna Arthur Phillip don magance rikice-rikicen teku. A shekarar 1915, an kashe ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yansa maza, Laftanar Laurence Whistler Street, a lokacin da yake aiki a Gallipoli yana aiki a Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya. Laurence ya yi aikin soja a watan Agusta, 1914, wanda hakan ya sa shi ɗaya daga cikin farkon tsaransa da ya yi hakan.[2]

## Manazarta
Harsunan Bʼaga

**Harsunan Bʼaga**,  wanda aka fi sani da **Gumuz**,  suna samar da ƙaramin iyali na harsuna da ake magana a kan iyakar Habasha da Sudan . An ƙididdige su a matsayin mafi kusanci da harsunan Koman a cikin dangin harsunan Nilo-Saharan .  

## Harsuna
Akwai harsuna hudu zuwa biyar na B'aga. Hanyoyin harshe sun bambanta tsakanin Arewacin Gumuz da Kudancin Gumuz .  Yaso aƙalla yare ne mai banbanci, watakila ya bambanta sosai don ƙidaya a matsayin yare daban. Daats'iin, wanda aka gano a cikin 2013, ya fi kusa da Kudancin Gumuz, yayin da Kadallu a Sudan aka tabbatar da shi ta hanyar gajerun kalmomi guda biyu kawai.

Jerin kalmomin kwatankwacin Daatsʼiin, Arewacin Gumuz, da Kudancin Gumuz suna samuwa a cikin Ahland & Kelly (2014).  Rarrabawar ciki ta bayyana kamar haka: 
 

## Rarraba
Dimmendaal (2008) ya lura cewa karuwar shaidar ilimin lissafi ya sa shawarar Nilo-Sahara ta zama cikakke tun lokacin da Greenberg ya ba da shawarar a 1963, amma irin wannan shaidar ba ta zuwa ga Songhay, Koman, da Bʼaga / Gumuz: "kadan daga cikin sanannun sanannun sunaye da maganganun maganganun Nilo-sahara sun tabbatar da su a cikin yarukan Coman tare da Gumuz ... Matsayensu ya kasance mai muhawara, galibi saboda rashin ƙarin bayanai masu yawa" (2008: Gumuz, Song, yanzu: Gumuz, ...

Wannan "Coman plus Gumuz" shine abin da Greenberg (1963) ya haɗa a ƙarƙashin Koman da abin da Bender (1989) ya kira **Komuz**, babban iyali wanda ya ƙunshi Gumuz da yarukan Koman. Koyaya, Bender (2000) ya raba Gumuz a matsayin akalla reshe na musamman na Nilo-Saharan, kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa yana iya zama harshe mai zaman kansa. Dimmendaal (2000), wanda ya hada da Koman a cikin Nilo-Saharan, ya cire Gumuz a matsayin mai warewa, saboda bai raba tsarin lambobi guda uku ba wanda ya dace da sauran iyalan yaren Nilo-Dahara. Ahland (2010, 2012), duk da yawa, ya ba da rahoton cewa tare da mafi kyawun shaidar, Gumuz ya bayyana ya zama Nilo-Sahara, kuma watakila mafi kusa da Koman. Yana da siffofin nahawu waɗanda suka yi kama da abin da za a iya sa ran daga yaren kakanninmu na proto-Nilo-Sahara. Gumuz na iya taimakawa wajen bayyana iyalin, wanda ya bambanta sosai kuma yana da wuyar tabbatarwa.

Dimmendaal, Ahland & Jakobi (2019) sun taƙaita aikin da ya gabata cewa shaidar "ta nuna cewa Gumuz da Koman na iya samar da ƙananan rukuni biyu a cikin dangin 'Komuz' mai zurfi kuma "akwai wasu shaidu cewa waɗannan iyalai biyu na iya kasancewa wani ɓangare na phylum na Nilo-Sahara mai zurfi, duk da cewa sun fi dacewa a cikin iyali".

## Dubi kuma

*  (Wiktionary) 

## Manazarta
Alfred Stephen

**Sir Alfred Stephen** GCMG CB PC (20 Agusta 1802) 15 ga Oktoba 1894) alkali ne na Australiya kuma Babban Alkali na New South Wales. 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Alfred a St Christopher a West Indies . Ya halarci Makarantar Charterhouse da kuma Makarantar Nahawu ta Honiton a Devon.  

## Ƙasar Van Diemen
A ranar 24 ga Janairu 1825 Stephen ya isa Hobart. An naɗa shi lauyan gwamnati kuma lauyan gwamnati. 

A matsayinsa na Babban Lauyan Ƙasa na Van Diemen a ƙarshen shekarun 1820 - farkon shekarun 1830, aikin Stephen ya haɗu da Yaƙin Baƙar fata, yunƙurin ƙarshe da Turawa suka yi na wargaza juriyar 'yan Asalin Tasmaniyawa. Bayan wani lamari inda ma'aikatan kamfani huɗu a ƙarƙashin kulawar Alexander Goldie suka harbe wata mace 'yar Asalin kuma suka kashe wata da gatari a ranar 21 ga Agusta 1829, shari'ar ta iso gaban Stephens. Duk da sanarwar dokar yaƙi a fili ta ce "a bar mata da yara marasa kariya su tsira", Stephen ya yanke hukuncin cewa 'yan asalin ƙasar "maƙiya ne ga Sarki, a cikin yaƙi na gaske a kansa", don haka "bin diddigin 'yan Asalin da Mr. Goldie da jam'iyyarsa suka yi, halal ne".[1] A wani taro na mutane 400 mafi shahara a Hobart da suka tattauna batun kafa masu gadin gari a ranar 22 ga Satumba 1830, bayan tattaunawa ta koma kan batun babban manufar aikin, an ruwaito Stephens yana cewa "Idan ba za ku iya [kama su] ba ... Ina cewa da ƙarfin hali da kuma faɗaɗawa, ku kawar da su!"[2]

## Manazarta
Habasha, Habasha, Hafu'a sun kasance na farko

**Ityopya,Ityopya,Ityopya Amharic**  , "Ethiopia, Ethiopia, Ethiopia be first") ita ce waƙar kasar Habasha daga 1975 zuwa 1992, a lokacin mulkin soja na Dergi na Mengistu Haile Mariam . An fara yin waƙar ne a ranar juyin juya hali a ranar 12 ga Satumba 1975.   Lokacin da aka sake tsara mulkin mulkin soja a 1987 a matsayin jamhuriyar dimokuradiyya ta Habasha, an ci gaba da yin waƙar har zuwa 1992.  Mawaƙi Assefa Gebre-Mariam Tesema ne ya rubuta waƙar, kuma mawaƙin Haɓaka Daniel ne ya rera waƙar.   

## Kalmomin

## Dubi kuma

* Maris Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia, taken kasa na yanzu

## Manazarta
Bankin United na Afirka Ghana Ltd.

**United Bank for Africa Ghana**, wani reshe na UBA Group, an kafa shi ne a shekara ta 2004 a matsayin wani ɓangare na fadada UBA zuwa Yammacin Afirka. Babban Bankin Ghana ne ke ba da lasisi kuma ke sarrafa bankin. UBA Ghana wanda aka fi sani da UBA Ghana Ltd. reshe ne na Bankin United for Africa, wanda ke da hedikwata a Legas, Najeriya, tare da rassa a wasu ƙasashe ashirin na Afirka da Ingila, Faransa da Amurka. Bankin yana aiki ne a matsayin cikakken ma'aikatar kudi da ke ba da samfuran da ayyuka da yawa, gami da banki na mutum da na kasuwanci, rance, saka hannun jari da banki na dijital.

## Wurin da yake
Hedikwatar UBA Ghana tana cikin Heritage Tower Ambassadorial Enclave Off Liberia Road Ridge Accra P.M.B 29, Ma'aikatar Accra, Ghana.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
A cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, UBA Ghana ta ba da sabis daban-daban kamar banki na tallace-tallace, banki na kamfanoni, tallafin SME, da mafita na dijital kamar intanet da banki na hannu. Manufar bankin a cikin sauye-sauyen dijital sun haɗa da gabatar da aikace-aikacen banki da dandamali don sauƙaƙa ma'amaloli na abokan ciniki da inganta samun kuɗi.

Bankin ya ba da rahoton karuwar kashi 203% a cikin riba a farkon rabin 2023, wanda ya haifar da mayar da hankali kan fadada kasuwar kasuwa da inganta ayyukan abokan ciniki.

### UBA Ghana 20th Anniversary
UBA Ghana ita ce bankin Najeriya na farko da ya kafa ayyukan a Ghana. Bankin kwanan nan ya yi bikin cika shekaru 20 a 2024. Tun lokacin da aka kafa shi a shekara ta 2004, bankin ya ba da gudummawa ga sabunta banki a Ghana, inganta hada-hadar kudi da tallafawa ci gaban tattalin arziki. A cikin shekaru, UBA Ghana ta gabatar da sababbin abubuwa daban-daban, gami da sabis na banki na hannu, chatbot mai amfani da AI "Leo," da kuma siffofin buɗe asusun Braille waɗanda aka tsara don inganta samun dama ga abokan ciniki marasa gani. Bankin ya kuma samar da sabis na kudi don tallafawa ƙananan kamfanoni da matsakaici (SMEs) da haɓaka kasuwanci, yana ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban tattalin arziki a ƙasar.

### Hakkin Jama'a na Kamfanoni
Baya ga ayyukan banki, UBA Ghana ta shiga cikin shirye-shiryen alhakin zamantakewar kamfanoni (CSR), kamar Gasar Rubuce-rubuce ta Kasa, shirin Karanta Afirka, da kokarin dorewar muhalli, gami da kamfen ɗin dasa bishiyoyi. Wadannan shirye-shiryen sun yi niyyar tallafawa ilimi, karfafa matasa, da kiyaye muhalli.

## Manazarta
B. J. Waterhouse

**Bertrand James Waterhouse** OBE, FRAIA, FRIBA (8 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1876 - 2 ga Disamba 1965) wani mai zane ne ɗan ƙasar Ingila kuma mai zane a Ostiraliya.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi BJ Waterhouse, kamar yadda aka fi sani da shi, a Leeds, Yorkshire, Ingila, kuma ɗan James Waterhouse ne, wani mai sayar da kayan abinci, da matarsa Sarah, mai suna Turner. Waterhouse ya isa Sydney daga Tekun Mexico tare da mahaifiyarsa da 'yan'uwansa mata biyu a watan Maris na 1885 kuma ya yi karatu a Burwood . [1] Ya yi karatun gine-gine a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Sydney yayin da yake yi wa John Spencer hidima kuma a ranar 6 ga Yuli, 1898 ya auri Lilian Woodcock mai shekaru 19 (wanda ya mutu a shekarar 1955) a Cocin Christ St Laurence. Ya shiga ƙungiyar ma'aikatan sassautawa na Sashen Ayyukan Jama'a a NSW a watan Maris na 1900, ya yi aiki a reshen Harbours da Rivers kuma ya zama mai tsara gine-gine masu sassautawa.[1]

## Mai zane
Waterhouse, ƙwararren mai zane-zanen fensir, ya nuna zane-zane a baje kolin shekara-shekara na Ƙungiyar Fasaha ta (Royal) ta New South Wales daga 1902. Ya yi tafiya ta Turai a 1926 tare da Lionel Lindsay da Will Ashton, kuma a 1932 ya nuna zane-zanensa a Macquarie Galleries, Sydney. Waterhouse, amintaccen gidan adana kayan fasaha na ƙasa na New South Wales daga 1922, ya zama shugaban ƙasa a 1939–58; shi ma shugaban ƙasa na Ƙungiyar Fasaha da Sana'o'i. Zane-zanen fensir ashirin da ɗaya na BJ Waterhouse an gudanar da su a cikin tarin a Gidan adana kayan fasaha na New South Wales.

## Ayyuka masu shahara

## Manazarta
Tafarki Agbadu Eneme

**Tafarki Agbadu Eneme** (haifaffen ranar 10 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1961)  ɗan siyasa ne ɗan Najeriya ne kuma likitan dabbobi. Yana ɗaya daga cikin yan jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) kuma yana wakiltar Mazabar Kurmi a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Taraba. Tagarki a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin Chief Whip na majalisar kuma yana jagorantar Kwamitin Majalisa na Muhalli, Ci gaban Birane, da Kwarewar dazuzzuka. 

## Rayuwa da ilimi
An haifi Eneme ne ga dangin sarauta na Agbadu Wajigba Adamah Nkafwen a ƙauyen Eneme a yankin Kurmi, Jihar Taraba. Ya yi karatun farko a Makarantar Firamare ta Hukumar Ilimi ta Gida a Ndaforo, daga 1969 zuwa 1975. Tafarki ya kammala karatun sakandare a makarantar Sakandare ta Ganye tsakanin 1975 da 1980, inda ya sami Babban Takardar shaidar Ilimi (GCE). Daga nan ya cilla Makarantar Nazarin asali (SBS) a Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello (ABU) a Zaria, daga 1980 zuwa 1981, inda ya sami takardar shaidar IJMB. 

Eneme ya hada karatun digiri na farko a fanni Veterinary Medicine (jinyan dabbobi) daga jami'ar ABU a shekarar 1988. Bayan haka, ya ci gaba da karatun masters a Jami'ar Maiduguri, inda ya hada digiri na biyu a bangaren kimiyya, wato Master of Science (MS), a shekara ta 2001. A shekara ta 2011, ya ci gaba karatun digiri na uku, wato PhD, a Jami'ar Najeriya da ke Nsukka, amma ya tsaya a hanya saboda gurbi na aikin siyasa da ya samu.

## Ayyukan siyasa
Eneme ya fara siyasa lokacin da aka nada shi Kwamishinan Lafiya a shekarar 2014  ta mukaddashin Gwamnan Jihar Taraba, Alhaji Sani Abubakar.  Ya yi aiki a wannan matsayin har zuwa 2015, a lokacin da ya kula da sake fasalin sashin kiwon lafiya a jihar.

Daga 2015 zuwa 2019, ya yi aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan Ayyuka da Sufuri, a lokacin da ya kula da ayyukan ci gaban ababen more rayuwa da yawa. A cikin 2019, Eneme ya samu nasarar yin takara a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Taraba, wanda ke wakiltar mazabar Kurmi. A Majalisar, ya jagoranci Kwamitin Majalisar kan Kudaden shiga na Cikin Gida kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Kwamitin Asusun Jama'a.

A cikin 2023, an sake zabar Eneme a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Taraba. Daga baya aka nada shi Chief Whip da Shugaban Kwamitin Majalisar kan Muhalli, Ci gaban Birane, da Kwarewar dazuzzuka.

## Rayuwa
Tafarki yana da aure da 'ya'ya hudu. Ya fito ne daga Karamar Hukumar Kurmi a Jihar Taraba.

## Manazarta
Jiha da Leidholm

Jihar v. Leidholm, Kotun Koli ta Arewacin Dakota, 334 N.W.2d 811 (1983), shari'ar shari'a ce ta aikata laifuka da ke rarrabe ma'auni na ma'ana a cikin shari'ar da mace da aka yi wa duka ta yi amfani da Kariya ta kai a matsayin kariya.[1][2][3][4] Janice Leidholm ta kashe mijinta a kusa da Washburn, North Dakota kuma ta yi ikirarin kare kanta. Shari'ar ta bayyana tsakanin karewa da uzuri.[1] Shari'ar ta soke hukuncin da Janice Leidholm ta yanke game da mutuwar mijinta.[5]￼

## Manazarta
Ahmad Al-Zaini

**Ahmad Al-Zaini** (Arabic; an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Afrilu, 1988) tsohon ɗan siyasan Saudiyya ne (Minista kuma Ministan Canjin Dijital na Saudi Arabia), ɗan kasuwa kuma mai saka hannun jari. 

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Ahmad Al-Zaini a ranar 5 ga Afrilu, 1988 a Masarautar Saudi Arabia .  Ya sami digiri na farko a fannin injiniyan lantarki daga Jami'ar Man Fetur da Ma'adanai ta Sarki Fahd a shekarar 2012.

### Ayyuka
A cikin 2010, Al-Zaini ya kafa ALWANS, kamfani da ke mai da hankali kan haɓaka aikace-aikacen wayar hannu, saka hannun jari a cikin ra'ayoyin farawa, da ayyukan fasaha tare da mai da hankali ga kasuwancin e-commerce. Ya kasance a cikin kwamitin, tare da alhakin da suka hada da dabarun ci gaban kasuwanci, kocin, da dabarun saka hannun jari.

Tun daga shekara ta 2009 ya kasance memba na Yarjejeniya na Chamber of Commerce Club kuma ya kasance shugaban kwamitin talla don Taron Shekara-shekara na Division M Toastmaster . Al-Zaini kuma mai gudanarwa ne kuma memba ne na Anchorage Society for Human Resources Management (ASHRM), wanda ke da alaƙa da Cibiyar Gudanar da Harkokin Dan Adam ta Amurka. Al-Zaini ya kuma kafa Wazi Volunteering Club, wanda ke inganta wayar da kan jama'a game da tasirin fasaha a kan al'ummar Saudiyya.

A cikin 2014, Al-ZAI ya kafa Foodics, inda yake aiki a matsayin Shugaba.  Kamfanin yana ba da dandalin siyarwa na girgije, sabis na biyan kuɗi na dijital, da kayan aikin gudanar da kasuwanci don masana'antar abinci da abin sha. A karkashin jagorancinsa, Foodics ya fadada a fadin Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka, inda ya tara dala miliyan 170 a cikin Series C a cikin 2022 kuma ya kai sama da abokan ciniki 30,000.   Kamfanin ya gabatar da kayayyaki kamar Foodics BI, dandalin bincike na AI, da sabis na ƙididdigar lantarki da suka dace da ka'idojin Saudiyya.

Daga 2015 zuwa 2019, Ahmad Al-Zaini ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Firayim Minista kuma Ministan Canjin Dijital na Saudi Arabia, yana kula da dabarun kasa kan kirkire-kirkire, AI, da kasuwanci. Ya jagoranci shirye-shirye don hanzarta burin Vision 2030 ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar fasahar jama'a da masu zaman kansu da shirye-shiryen ababen more rayuwa na kasa.

A cikin 2018, Endeavor Global ta amince da Al-Zaini a matsayin Babban Dan kasuwa. A cikin 2025, ya sami lambar yabo ta Inc. Arabia Best in Business a cikin rukunin fintech da sabis na kuɗi a madadin Foodics.

## Manazarta
Gidan kayan gargajiya na Brisbane

**Gidan Tarihi na Brisbane** (MoB) gidan tarihi ne da fasaha a Brisbane, Ostiraliya. Gidan tarihi yana bincika Brisbane na zamani da na tarihi ta hanyar shirin nune-nunen fasaha da tarihin zamantakewa, bita, tattaunawa, rangadin jagora, da ayyukan yara. Wurin da ke kan mataki na 3 na Babban Zauren Birnin Brisbane a Brisbane CBD, MoB da ma'aikatanta suna da daraja saboda kirkire-kirkirensu da ayyukansu na ƙasashen duniya a sassan gidan tarihi da kuma gidajen tarihi.

Gidan tarihin, wanda ya sami kyaututtuka da dama a cikin ɗan gajeren tarihinsa, an ba shi lambar yabo sau biyu mafi girma a manyan *kyaututtukan Gidaje da Galleries na Ƙasa* da kuma *kyaututtukan Nasarar Gidajen Tarihi da Gallery na Queensland*, *kyaututtukan Zane-zane na Multimedia da Publications na Gidajen Tarihi na Australia* da *kyaututtukan National Trust of Queensland*.

## Tarin

Gidan Tarihi na Brisbane yana kula da tarin abubuwa guda biyu, Gidan Tarihi na Brisbane da kuma Gidan Tarihi na Birnin Brisbane. An ƙirƙiri tarin a shekarar 1859 lokacin da aka kafa Garin Brisbane (wani yanki na gwamnatin da ya gabaci Birnin Brisbane ). Ya girma har ya kai ga samun abubuwa sama da 9,000, ciki har da ayyukan da masu fasaha na gida suka yi, mafi girman tarin yadi daga masu zane-zane Easton Pearson da kayayyakin tarihi.

## Ziyarar
Gidan Tarihi na Brisbane yana buɗe kowace rana daga ƙarfe 10:00 zuwa 17:00, sai dai Ranar Sabuwar Shekara, Juma'a Mai Kyau, Ranar Kirsimeti, da Ranar Dambe, lokacin da aka rufe shi. Shiga Gidan Tarihi kyauta ne, sai dai nunin faifai da shirye-shirye na musamman. 

Tashar bas mafi kusa da Gidan Tarihi ita ce King George Square, yayin da Titin Central da Roma su ne tashoshin jirgin ƙasa mafi kusa. Akwai filin ajiye motoci da aka biya a King George Square Car Park, wanda ke ƙarƙashin King George Square. 

## Manazarta
Adam Jay Harrison

**Adam Jay Harrison** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1973) ɗan kasuwa ne na masana'antar tsaro ta Amurka, mai kirkiro, kuma mai ba da shawara ga sake fasalin Samun soja. Yana aiki a matsayin wanda ya kafa farawa da mai saka hannun jari kuma shi ne John R. Boyd National Security Innovation Fellow a Jami'ar New York, inda yake bincike kan ingancin manufofin kirkire-kirkire na kasa waɗanda ke amfani da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin bangarorin jama'a da masu zaman kansu. A shekara ta 2006 Harrison ya kafa Mav6, kamfanin fasahar tsaro wanda Mujallar Inc. ta amince da shi a cikin 2011, 2012, da 2013 a matsayin daya daga cikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu masu saurin girma a Amurka. Daga 2016 zuwa 2017 ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan farko na MD5 National Security Technology Accelerator (yanzu Cibiyar Nazarin Tsaro ta Kasa), shirin kirkiro na mutum a cikin Ofishin Sakataren Tsaro da kuma wani ɓangare na Sashin Innovation Unit. Kuma daga 2018 zuwa 2019 ya kasance Kwamandan Innovation Officer na Kwamandan Sojojin Fuego na Amurka, inda ya tsara kuma ya aiwatar da kokarin kungiyar don hadin gwiwa tare da bangaren farar hula na fasaha a ci gaban ci gaba, iyawar soja.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Harrison a Memphis, Tennessee . Ya halarci Jami'ar Vanderbilt kuma ya kammala digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar Memphis tare da digiri na farko a 1995  sannan ya ci gaba da samun digiri na biyu manipud Jami'ar Florida, Kwalejin Yakin Naval, da Jami'ar Lantarki ta Kasa. Ya halarci amma bai kammala shirin Master of Business Administration a Makarantar Wharton ta Jami'ar Pennsylvania ba kuma dan takarar Ph.D. ne a Jami'ar New York.

## Ayyuka
A shekara ta 2002 Ofishin Sakataren Tsaro na Amurka da Ma'aikatar Sojoji sun zabi Harrison don jagorantar Ayyukan Taimako na Fasaha (TOSA), ƙungiyar soja ta sirri da aka kirkira a shekara ta 2003 wacce aka ba da hayar ganowa da sake amfani da fasahar kasuwanci don ayyukan soja masu mahimmanci. Harrison ya shirya ma'aikatan TOSA da za a saka su tare da rundunonin soja a Afghanistan, Iraki, da kuma duniya baki daya don lura da ayyukan soja da na yaki da ta'addanci, wanda ya haifar da samfuran juyin juya hali da yawa da aka kawo zuwa fagen yaƙi a farkon matakan Operation Enduring Freedom da Operation Iraqi Freedom. A lokacin mulkin Harrison, Sojojin Amurka sun ba da lambar yabo ta Sojoji mafi girma ga shirye-shiryen TOSA guda uku - Unattended Transient Acoustic MASINT System (UTAMS) (2004),  Cibiyar Binciken Barazanar (2005),  da kuma tsarin sa ido na Constant Hawk.

## Manazarta
Chukwuemeka Fred Agbata

**Chukwuemeka Fred Agbata Jnr.** Listenⓘ (an haife ta 10 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1979) wanda aka fi sani da **CFA** 'yar jaridar Najeriya ce kuma tsohuwar mai gabatar da talabijin a Channels TV . Yana cikin tallan dijital kuma an san shi da Dan kasuwa na fasaha tare da mai da hankali kan horar da kasuwanci da magana da jama'a. Ya dauki bakuncin taron Telehealth na farko na kamfanin telemedicine na Najeriya, CareClick tare da taken 'The Future Of Healthcare Today' a ranar 24 ga Satumba 2020.  Ya shiga cikin kamfanoni daban-daban masu alaƙa da ICT waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban Cibiyar Kafawa. An san shi da wanda ya kafa Pacer Venture kuma yana da alaƙa da Climate Action Africa .   Shi ne MD / Shugaba na Hukumar TIC ta Jihar Anambra . 

## Ilimi
Agbata ta kammala karatun digiri na ilimin zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Jihar Ekiti da ke Ado Ekiti, Najeriya.

## Ayyuka
Ya kasance mai gabatar da talabijin a gidan talabijin na Channels . A cikin 2015, ya fara shirin talabijin a kan Channels TV mai taken, Tech Trends [1] wanda aka watsa a ranar Jumma'a da karfe 6:30 na yamma (GMT +1). Nunin ya mayar da hankali kan kamawa da raba sabbin fasahohin fasaha, kayan aiki, wayoyin hannu & aikace-aikacen PC, da kuma bayanan da suka dace wanda zai taimaka wa masu kallo su zama masu fasaha don su iya amfani da fasaha sosai. Ya kuma kasance marubuci na The Punch da ake kira ICT Clinic . [3]*Cibiyar Nazarin ICT . *

## Yanayin yanayi na Afirka
A cikin 2021 bayan jerin batutuwan yanayi a Najeriya, Chukwuemeka Fred Agbata tare da abokan haɗin gwiwarsa Oluchi Grace da Ifeyinwa Ugochukwu sun kafa Climate Action Africa . Kungiyar ce da ke daukar mataki don magance matsalolin yanayi a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin Afirka. Yana haɗin gwiwa tare da gwamnatoci, jama'a, kamfanoni da mutane don tsara da kirkire-kirkire kan ci gaban Afirka mai ɗorewa ga kowa. Ya ƙaddamar da Climate Action Africa Labs (CMA Labs) wanda ya kirkiro wani sabon abu wanda ke tallafawa ci gaban tsarin halittu na farawa na yanayi a Afirka. Haɗin gwiwa tare da gwamnati, masu bincike, masana kimiyya, da masana, Cibiyar Nazarin CMA ta magance matsalolin sauyin yanayi, kuma yanke shawara game da manufofi a kan nahiyar suna tallafawa fassarar binciken bincike da kungiyoyin fasahar yanayi da farawa a cikin haɓaka mafita masu ɗorewa. Daga 4 zuwa 6 ga Satumba 2023, Chukwuemeka Fred Agbata da tawagarsa sun shiga taron koli na yanayi na Afirka na 2023 tare da mai da hankali kan magance matsalolin yanayi a Afirka. Ayyukan da suka faru a Cibiyar Taron Kasa da Kasa ta Kenyatta (KICC) a Nairobi, Kenya sun ja hankalin shugabannin da masu ruwa da tsaki a cikin gwamnati kuma sun haɓaka ƙudurin fitar da magunguna masu ɗorewa a nahiyar Afirka.

## Manazarta
Harshen Kadallu

**Kadallu** harshen Gumuz ne da ba a san shi sosai ba a kudu maso gabashin Sudan . An san shi ne daga jerin gajerun kalmomi guda biyu kawai. Ana magana da shi a kan Blue Nile a kusurwar kudu maso gabashin Sudan, a yankin da ke kewaye da Ad-Damazin da Er Roseires, da kuma kudu maso gabas na (a ketaren kogin) Famaka kusa da kan iyakar Habasha. 

Dimmendaal da sauransu sun lura cewa "Kadallu (Kadalo) harshe ne da ake magana a Jamhuriyar Sudan wanda a halin yanzu aka jera shi azaman madadin sunan Gumuz a cikin Ethnologue (Simons da Fennig 2017). Duk da haka, daga nazarin jerin kalmomin da ke akwai (Schuver 1882 a cikin James et al. 1996, Muratori 1955) muna zargin cewa Kadallu harshe ne na musamman."  An buga gajerun jerin kalmomin da Juan Maria Schuver ya tattara kwanan nan tare da takaddun Schuver game da tafiye-tafiyensa a kan iyakar Sudan da Habasha. 

## Manazarta
Mutanen Jenjo

***'Jenjo***', wanda aka sani da **Janjo**, **Jen**, **Dza**, **Gwomo**, da **Karenjo**, kabila ce a Najeriya. Ana samun su galIbi a Karim Lamido, Jalingo da Ibi a Jihar Taraba. Jenjomawa na magana ne da yaren Jen wanda ke ƙarƙashin reshen Bikwin-Jenan na yarukan Adamawa. Yawan mutanen Jenjo a yau kusan mutane 100,000 ne.

## Asali
Jenjomawa sun samo asali ne daga Bata, sun ƙaura zuwa yankin da ake kira Jihar Taraba a yau daga Lamurde ko Numan a Jihar Adamawa ta yau. Wannan ƙaura mai yiwuwa ya kasance ne sakamakon rikici tsakanin su da sarakunan Bata. An san su da siffofi masu kama da Mutanen Nilotic. Maza suna da tsayi kusan ƙafa 6, tare da da yawa daga cikinsu kamar tsayi 6 ft. 4 ko 5 inci. Bisa ga al'adar baki ta Jenjo, sun fito ne daga yankin da ake kira Za. 

Jenjomawa daga baya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa Masarautar Muri sakamakon kawancen su na farko da 'yan jihadi na Fulbe. Fulbe, wadanda suka kasance mazauna farko na Muri, sun yi ƙaura zuwa Muri a fadin Kogin Benue. Sun koma kudu zuwa Muri da yankin da ke kusa da ƙananan Kogin Gongola. Sun yi abota da al'ummomin Jenjo, musamman a Kiri, zuwa ƙarshen karni na goma sha bakwai, ƙarni biyu kafin jihadi. Wannan dangantakar abokantaka tsakanin wadannan kungiyoyi biyu ta kasance har zuwa yau. Wannan ya kara karfafawa ta hanyar auren da ke tsakanin su biyu. Muhammad Nya, Sarkin sarakuna na Muri, wanda ya yi mulki tsakanin 1874 da 1896, ya karfafa wadannan auren.

## Addinin gargajiya
Addinin gargajiya na mutanen Jenjo shine na Jukun. Sunan allahn su shine *Fi* kuma suna danganta shi da Sun wanda yayi kama da Jukun wanda ke danganta allahn su, Chi-dô, da Sun (nyunu). Akwai yiwuwar cewa *Fi* ya bambanta da Shi ko Chi, kalmar da ake amfani da ita a duk faɗin Afirka tare da ma'anar "Ubangiji". Jenjo kuma suna da allahn na biyu, Ma, wanda a lokaci guda ya kasance coadjutor kuma bawan Fi. Jukun kuma suna da allahn na biyu da ake kira Ama ko Ma, wanda shine 'halicci' kuma allahn duniya. Dukansu Jenjo da Jukun sun yi imanin cewa wannan allahn na biyu ya halicci kuma ya tsara dukkan rayayyun halittu. Yana da alloli a ƙarƙashinsa kamar Umwa (allahn yaƙi da farauta), Nimbwi (hasken wuta) da Kue, 'yan sanda' waɗanda ke jin komai kuma suna azabtar da saɓo.

Jenjo sun yi imani da sake haihuwa. Sun yi imanin cewa abokin gaba da aka kashe a yaƙi za a iya sake haifuwa ta hanyar matar wanda ya kashe su. An ce a lokacin yaƙi, lokacin da mace ta zama mara lafiya kuma / ko ta nuna alamun hysteria, ana zaton cewa ɗanta da ba a haifa ba shine abokin gaba da aka kashe. An ce, duk da haka, cewa idan abokin gaba ya ga mai kisan a matsayin mugunta, ba zai zaɓi a sake haife shi ta hanyar matar mai kisan ba, kuma zai bi mai kisansa kuma ya ɓata ƙarfinsa.

## Shahararrun mutanen Jenjo

* Mohammed Shata - tsohon Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida (1999 - 2003) 

## Manazarta
ACE Open

**ACE Open** ( **Adelaide Contemporary Experimental** ) wata ƙungiya ce ta fasahar gani ta zamani da ke Adelaide, Kudancin Ostiraliya, wacce aka kafa a shekarar 2017 bayan da aka haɗa Cibiyar Fasaha ta Zamani ta Kudancin Ostiraliya da **Gidauniyar Fasaha ta Gwaji ta Ostiraliya** ( **AEAF** ), inda aka ƙirƙiri sabuwar ƙungiya.

## Tarihi
An kafa Gidauniyar Fasaha ta Gwaji ( EAF ) a unguwar Adelaide da ke St Peters [1] a shekarar 1974 ta hanyar ƙungiyar membobin CACSA da suka balle, da nufin mai da hankali kan "aikin da ya fi tsauri, mai fannoni daban-daban da kuma aiki".[2] Waɗannan masu fasaha da masu nazari, waɗanda Donald Brook ya fara, kuma Bert Flugelman ya haɗu da su [1] (wanda ya ƙaura daga Sydney bisa shawarar Brook), Ian North, Clifford Frith, da Phil Noyce, [3] suna son haɓaka ra'ayin fasaha a matsayin "mai tsattsauran ra'ayi kuma kawai mai ban sha'awa", da kuma ƙarfafa sabbin hanyoyin ƙirƙirar fasaha. Manufarta da aka bayyana ita ce "taimakawa, haɓakawa da haɓakawa, ta hanyar samarwa, baje kolin, rarrabawa da ƙarfafa muhawara, fasaha da ayyukan fasaha waɗanda ke da nazari, sukar lamiri da gwaji, waɗanda ke ƙalubalantar tunani mai ƙarfi da faɗaɗa tattaunawar al'adu".[4] A cewar Brook, EAF "inji ne don tsara imani game da ma'anar ayyukan fasaha da kuma ma'anar yin su".[5] Nunin da aka yi ya nuna ayyukan masu fasaha na gwaji da wasan kwaikwayo na Australiya da na ƙasashen waje; A shekarar 1976, mai zane Phillip Gerner ya yi wasan kwaikwayo na awanni 24 a matsayin wurin ɗanɗano ɗan adam, bayan an saka bututun ciyarwa da catheter a jikinsa.[1]

## Bayani
Ƙungiyar, wadda aka fi sani da Adelaide Contemporary Experimental,  tana cikin Cibiyar Zane-zane ta Lion (wurin da AEAF  yake a da) a Yammacin Gabar Tekun Arewa, a wani yanki da aka tsara musamman don amfanin fasaha, gami da gidan tarihi, ofis da ɗakunan zane-zane. Hakanan ya haɗa da sarari kyauta, wanda a da yake shagon littattafai na Dark Horsey, wanda za a iya amfani da shi don tarurruka da sauran dalilai, kuma ya haɗa da tsoffin ɗakunan Bikin Bukukuwa a faɗin titin. Tana gabatar da shirin shekara-shekara na baje kolin kyauta ta masu fasaha na Kudancin Australiya, Australiya da na ƙasashen waje, kuma tana ɗaukar nauyin abubuwan da suka haɗa da jawabai, bita, bukukuwa da nunin faifai.

## Manazarta
Gidan kayan gargajiya na Sydney

**Gidan Tarihi na Sydney** (MOS) tarin kayan tarihi ne da aka gina a kan baraguzan gidan Gwamna na farko na New South Wales, Arthur Phillip, a kusurwar Phillip da Bridge Street, Sydney ta yanzu.

## Bayani
Gidan tarihin yana kan ragowar Gidan Gwamnati na farko da aka gina a shekarar 1788, wanda daga baya aka ga bai isa ba a shekarar 1832 aka kuma rushe shi a shekarar 1845-1846. A shekarar 1982 an yi shirin ginawa a wannan wurin wanda binciken kayan tarihi ya yi. An fara tono kayan tarihi a shekarar 1983. A watan Oktoban 1983, Firayim Minista Neville Wran ya sanar da cewa za a kiyaye wurin kuma za a gudanar da gasa ta duniya don ginin da ya gane tarihin wurin. Gidajen Tarihi na NSW ne ke kula da gidan tarihin da wurin da yake.

## Asalin sunan
Lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da aikin, an kira shi *Gidan Tarihi na Gidan Gwamnati na Farko*. Yayin da ake gina ginin gidan tarihi a watan Nuwamba na 1993, Ministan Fasaha na New South Wales ya sanar da cewa za a san gidan tarihi da *Gidan Tarihi na Sydney a Wurin Gidan Gwamnati na Farko*,   wanda aka bayyana a cikin manema labarai a lokacin a matsayin "mai magana" kuma wanda aka saba kwangila da shi ga Gidan Tarihi na Sydney. Sauya sunan ya jawo zanga-zanga. 

## Gabar Kofa

Shiga gidan tarihi ta hanyar First Government House Place da ke Bridge Street, Sydney. [1] An yi wa ginin gidan Phillip alama a kan bene mai duwatsu masu rufi. [2] Hako wurin ya nuna misalan magudanan ruwa da aka rufe waɗanda aka yi tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1790 da magudanan ruwa na ganga na tubali waɗanda aka yi tun daga kusan 1811 da kuma wani kuma a kusan 1828. An nuna ragowar magudanan ruwa da ɓoyayyun abubuwa a cikin mahallinsu na asali, tare da sauran kayan tarihi na tarihi, a cikin akwatunan nunin gilashi da aka gina a kan titin gaban farfajiyar.[3] [4]

## Manazarta
Ngada - (Ndola na Yankin Gola)

**Ƙungiyar Ci gaban Yankin Ndola ta Gola (NGADA) ** yanki ne na ci gaba da ke cikin Jihar Taraba, Najeriya .

NGADA yanki ne da ya mamaye ƙananan hukumomi biyar, wato Bali, Donga, Gashaka, Kurmi da Sardauna. Waɗannan yankuna na da yawan jama’a sama da 34,000, kamar yadda ƙidayar da Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Yankin Ndola na Gola ta gudanar a shekarar 2011 ta nuna. An kafa NGADA ne domin haɗa al’ummar Ndola da ke zaune a waɗannan ƙananan hukumomi biyar, domin su haɗa ƙarfi wajen bunƙasa ci gaban yankinsu. Joseph Nagombe Titus ne ya kafa ƙungiyar, ta hannun ayyukan Mambila Baptist Convention, a watan Janairun 2016. 

## Tarihi
NGADA gajeriyar kalma ce da ke nufin Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Yankin Ndola na Gola. Mai zanen gine-gine, Darius Dickson Ishaku, ne ya ƙirƙiri wannan ƙungiya a ranar 21 ga Satumba, 2016. Ƙungiyar ta samo asali ne daga ayyukan Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Yankin Ndola na Gola, wadda Titus ke jagoranta a matsayin ƙungiya ta haɗin kai. Manufar ƙungiyar ita ce haɗa kabilar Ndola da ke watse a ƙananan hukumomi biyar na Jihar Taraba, tare da mayar da hankali musamman kan bunƙasa harkokinsu. An cimma wannan buri ne lokacin da Gwamnan Jihar Taraba ya miƙa kudirin doka domin kafa Yankin Ci Gaba na Musamman na NGADA zuwa Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Taraba.

Yawancin ƙauyuka 116 da ke ƙarƙashin wannan yankin ci gaba suna cikin wuraren tsaunuka. Tafiye-tafiye a yankin na da matuƙar wahala sakamakon ƙarancin hanyoyi. Anna Dickson Darius, matar Gwamnan Jihar Taraba, ita ce ta fara gano waɗannan al’umma.

## Manazarta
FreeFrom

**FreeFrom** kungiya ce ta Amurka ba don riba ba wacce aka kirkira don taimakawa wadanda suka tsira daga tashin hankali na gida su sami tsaro na kudi. Tana zaune ne a Los Angeles, California . 

Manufar kungiyar ita ce kawar da cin zarafin gida da farko ke haifar da wadatar mai tsira, yayin da a lokaci guda ke inganta canjin al'adu inda al'umma ba ta yarda da dangantaka mai cin zarafi ko inganta halayyar cin zarafi, da kuma inganta albashi mai kyau.

## Tarihi
**FreeFrom** an kafa ta ne a cikin 2016 ta hanyar Sonya Passi, C.E.O. na yanzu. A cikin ƙungiyar ana ganin tashin hankali tsakanin abokan tarayya a matsayin batun tattalin arziki na tsari tare da dalilai na tattalin arziki da sakamakon tattalin arziki, inda A cikin kashi 99% na tashin hankali na gida akwai cin zarafin kuɗi,   kuma inda dalilin No. 1 na dalilin da ya sa waɗanda suka tsira suka kasance cikin yanayin cin zarafi shine rashin tsaro na kudi. 

Wani kayan aiki na kan layi wanda FreeFrom ya kirkira wanda ake kira National Survivor Financial Security Policy Map and Scorecard ya nuna yadda dokokin da ke akwai a kowace jiha ke tasiri ga ikon wadanda suka tsira don gina tsaro na kudi.

A shekara ta 2024 FreeFrom na ɗaya daga cikin 10 da suka lashe kyautar Elevate na $ 300,000.  Har ila yau, a cikin 2024 FreeFrom ya samar kuma ya saki Survivor Made, wani shirin da ke mai da hankali kan aikin da wadanda suka tsira suka yi, ci gabanta da kuma yadda wannan ya ba iyalansu damar rayuwa mai aminci, mai girmamawa da ci gaba.

## Kyauta
Kyauta kamfani ne na zamantakewa na FreeFrom, yana biyan ma'aikatansu $ 28.85 a awa daya. Kungiyar tana biyan albashi mai kyau ga ma'aikatan su, wannan yana ba su damar kada su rasa kuɗi wajen sake daukar ma'aikata da horar da sabbin ma'aikata saboda jujjuyawar.[1]￼

## Dubi kuma

* Cin zarafin mata
* Rikicin da ya shafi jinsi
* Rikicin abokin tarayya (IPV)
* Rikicin cikin gida a Amurka

## Manazarta
Mata da aka yanke musu hukunci game da cin zarafi

An kafa shi a shekara ta 1989, An fara Convicted Women Against Abuse (CWAA) kuma an jagoranci su ne daga wadanda aka tsare su daga tashin hankali na jinsi da aka tsare a Cibiyar Mata ta California (CIW) a Chino, CA. Wannan rukuni na tallafawa waɗanda suka tsira a kurkuku don raba abubuwan da suka faru na zalunci, tare da dabarun da suka shafi shari'arsu, da shirya don 'yanci.￼

## Haɗin waje

* Shafin yanar gizon hukuma na zunubi ta hanyar shiru
* Kungiyar Mata ta California
Shirin Habeas na California

**Shirin Habeas na California**, wanda aka fi sani da Shirin Habees, hadin gwiwa ne wanda ke ba da shawara don rage hukuncin da aka yanke wa wadanda suka tsira daga tashin hankali na gida da aka tsare saboda laifuka da suka shafi abubuwan da suka faru na cin zarafin su. Kungiyoyin da ke cikin hadin gwiwar sun hada da: Mata da aka yi wa duka kyauta, Ayyukan Shari'a don Fursunoni tare da Yara, Cibiyar Shari'ar Mata ta California, USC Post-Conviction Justice Project, da Ofishin Mai Tsaron Jama'a na Los Angeles County. Shirin Habeas ya dauki ma'aikatan lauyoyi masu sa kai daga kamfanonin lauyoyi masu zaman kansu don wakiltar wadanda aka tsare su daga tashin hankali na gida. Shirin Habeas ya fara aiki tare da mata a kurkuku a shekara ta 2002 bayan an canza dokar azabtarwa ta California don ba wa mata da aka yi wa duka a cikin kurkuku na California damar samun sabon sauraro. A shekara ta 2007, aikin Habeas ya sauƙaƙa sakin mutane 19 da suka tsira daga tashin hankali na gida daga kurkuku.

A cewar Los Angeles Times, The California Habeas Project ya kuma nuna babban zargi game da yadda Lauyan Gundumar Los Angeles Steve Cooley ke kula da shari'o'in tashin hankali na cikin gida.[1]￼

## Manazarta
Gidan Tarihi na Jami'ar Flinders

**Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Jami'ar Flinders** ( **FUMA** ), wanda wani lokacin ake kira **Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Flinders**, wani gidan tarihi ne na fasaha a Adelaide, Kudancin Ostiraliya, wanda ke adanawa da haɓaka tarin zane-zane na tarihi da na zamani na Jami'ar Flinders.

## Tarihi
An kafa gidan adana kayan tarihi na fasaha a hukumance a shekarar 1978 bisa ga kudurin Majalisar Jami'ar Flinders don ɗaukar tarin fasahar da ke ƙaruwa a jami'ar. Tun daga shekarar farko ta koyarwa a jami'ar a shekarar 1966, an fara samun fasahar don ƙara wa darussa a fannin fasahar zane-zane.[1]

An kafa tarin a shekarar 1997 a Titin Grote da ke tsakiyar birnin Adelaide . An mayar da shi zuwa Laburaren Jiha na Kudancin Ostiraliya da ke kan Tekun Arewa a shekarar 2003 har zuwa lokacin da aka rufe shi a watan Yunin 2018. A wannan shekarar, an ƙaddamar da Katalogin Tarin Kan layi na FUMA.

Daga shekarar 2019, wani gidan tarihi na musamman, wanda ke tare da Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha a harabar jami'ar Bedford Park, "yana gabatar da ayyuka daban-daban da suka haɗa da na'urori masu kula da bayanai waɗanda ke haifar da bincike da tallafawa haɗin gwiwa mai ƙirƙira tsakanin abokan hulɗa na yanki da na duniya".

## Manazarta
Jerin ƙauyuka a Jihar Taraba

Wannan cikakken jerin ƙauyuka da matsugunan jama’a ne a Jihar Taraba, Nijeriya, wanda aka tsara bisa ga ƙananan hukumomi (LGA) da gundumomi/yankuna, tare da bayar da lambobin akwatin gidan waya (postal codes)..

## Ta hanyar lambar gidan waya

## Ta hanyar mazaɓa
A ƙasa akwai jerin rumfunan zaɓe, ciki har da ƙauyuka da makarantu, waɗanda aka tsara bisa ga mazabu na zaɓe.

## Manazarta
Sarkin Dawa

**Sarkin Dawa** ƙauye ne da ke cikin Yankin Gundumar Kam a Ƙaramar Hukumar Bali, Jihar Taraba, a tsakiyar gabashin Nijeriya. Babu sahihin bayanai da za su iya tantance adadin yawan al’ummar ƙauyen gaba ɗaya. Yankin na cikin ƙasar kabilar Kam (Nyingwom), amma kuma yana ɗauke da mazauna daga wasu kabilu daban-daban. Sunan Sarkin Dawa (kalmar Hausa da ke nufin “sarkin gero”) na nufin shugaban ƙauyen, wanda kuma shi ne sarkin siyasa na al’ummar Kam.

## Manazarta
Narika

**Narika** kungiya ce ta Fremont, California wacce ke fuskantar tashin hankali a cikin al'ummomin Kudancin Asiya na Amurka.

## Tarihi
An kafa Narika a cikin 1991 a matsayin Bay Area Indian Women's Support Group kuma daga baya a matsayin Kungiyar Taimako ta Mata ta Kudancin Asiya. Wadanda suka kafa kungiyar sun kaddamar da taimakon rikici, kuma sun kafa kungiyar a shekarar 1992.

Kungiyar tana aiki tare da abokan hulɗa iri-iri kuma tana ba da sabis ga mata da yara a cikin yanayi mai banƙyama a Turanci, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Konkani, Malayalam, Marathi, Nepali, Punjabi, Sinhala, Tamil, Telugu, Tibet, da Urdu.

## Manazarta
Cibiyar Marjaree Mason

**Cibiyar Marjaree Mason** ba riba ce, mai zaman kanta, shirin tashin hankali na cikin gida wanda ke da hedikwata a California" id="mwDA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Fresno, California">Fresno, California, wanda ke aiki da dukan Fresno County. An sanya masa suna ne don wata mace ta Easton, California wacce tsohon saurayinta ya kashe, an kafa cibiyar a 1979 kuma tana aiki da ɗayan manyan mafaka a California. [ana buƙatar ambaton] Ya zuwa 2024, ita ce kawai sabis na cikakken lokaci wanda ke ba da mafaka ga waɗanda tashin hankali na gida ya shafa a cikin gundumar, wanda ke da yawan jama'a sama da miliyan ɗaya kuma mafi girman adadin tashin hankali na cikin gida da aka ruwaito ga kowane mutum a cikin jihar.

## Tarihi

An kafa kungiyar ba da riba ba a shekara ta 1979, bayan kisan, a watan Nuwamba da ya gabata, na wata mace mai shekaru 36 da aka ba ta suna; Tsohon saurayi wanda ya kasance mai ba da izini ya harbe Mason. A shekara ta 1984, mafakarsa ta Fresno za ta iya ba da gida ga mata 24 kuma tana fara fadada isasshen ta fiye da birni don rufe wasu garuruwa a cikin gundumar, gami da Kingsburg, da kuma yankunan karkara.

A shekara ta 2004 mafaka ta gaggawa ta Fresno tana da wurare 101, [1] kuma an kiyasta aikin agaji don taimakawa mata da yara 5,400 a shekara. [2] A wannan shekarar kungiyar agaji tana shirin bude cibiyarta ta biyu, cibiyar gado 18 a Reedley, a kudancin gundumar, kuma an yi niyyar yin hidima ga Selma, Sanger da Fowler, wanda aka bayyana a cikin Selma Enterprise a matsayin "Fresno County's first rural violence shelter. " [1] A shekara ta 2006 Cibiyar Marjaree Mason tana shirya daya daga cikin shirye-shirye huɗu da aka kafa a duk faɗin Amurka don taimakawa karuwai da ke fama da rashin gida da shan miyagun ƙwayoyi.[3][4] A cikin 2013, an buɗe mafaka ta uku mai gado 28 a Clovis. [5][6]￼

A watan Yulin 2024, Majalisar Birnin Fresno ta ba da $ 300,000 a cikin kudade ga Cibiyar Marjaree Mason don kara kudade na tarayya ta hanyar Dokar Wadanda ke fama da Laifuka (VOCA) Asusun Wadanda ke da Laifuka, bayan raguwa mai yawa ya yi barazanar ayyuka.

## Ayyuka
Cibiyar Marjaree Mason tana aiki da Fresno County. Babban mafaka na gaggawa a Fresno yana da gidaje 140 (kamar yadda ya faru a 2024); kungiyar agaji ta kuma samar da cibiyar saukarwa da wayar tarho da ke ba da shawara ga mata ba ta iya karɓar su ba.

## Dubi kuma

* Ginin YWCA (Fresno, California) 
* Ginin Joyce Gibson-Bennett
* Hotline na Rikicin Cikin Gida na Kasa
* Rikicin cikin gida a Amurka

## Manazarta
Gidan Tarihi na Migration, Adelaide

**Gidan Tarihin Migration** gidan tarihi ne na tarihin zamantakewa da ke Adelaide, Kudancin Ostiraliya. Yana ɗaya daga cikin gidajen tarihi guda uku da Asusun Tarihi na Kudancin Ostiraliya ke gudanarwa.  Yana magana ne game da shige da fice da tarihin zama a Kudancin Ostiraliya, kuma yana kula da tarin ayyuka na dindindin da na juyawa.

## Tarihi
An kafa shi a matsayin wani shiri na gwamnatin Jiha a shekarar 1983, kuma tare da buɗe gidan tarihi a ranar 23 ga Nuwamba 1986, Gidan Tarihin Hijira da ke Adelaide shine gidan tarihi mafi tsufa a irinsa a Ostiraliya. Gidan tarihin yana da nufin haɓaka bambancin al'adu da al'adu daban-daban, wanda suka ayyana a matsayin haɗa fannoni na ƙabila, aji, jinsi, shekaru da yanki. 

Wurin yana kan titin Kintore tsakanin Laburaren Jiha na Kudancin Ostiraliya, Gidan Tarihi na Kudancin Ostiraliya da Jami'ar Adelaide, a cikin wani katafaren ginin dutse na farko na mulkin mallaka da aka gina a kusa da farfajiyar, gami da tsohon wurin mafaka na birnin (daga 1850 zuwa 1918). Kafin wannan, wurin shine wurin da " Makarantar 'Yan Asalin " take, wanda ke da nufin ilmantar da yara ' yan asalin ƙasar. 

## Fasaloli da shirin
Gidan tarihin yana da cikakken shiri na ayyuka, ciki har da shirye-shiryen ilimi ga ƙungiyoyin makaranta, abubuwan da suka faru a bainar jama'a da kuma nishaɗin iyali.[undefined] Bangon tunawa a gidan tarihin yana nuna godiya ga al'ummomi daban-daban waɗanda suka nemi mafaka a Ostiraliya, yayin da Dandalin Settlement Square ke nuna isowar iyalai da yawa da mazauna daban-daban, kuma wani Plaque na Reconciliation ya lura cewa ƙasar da aka gina gidan tarihin a kai ita ce mutanen Kaurna suka fara mamaye ta.[1]

## Manazarta
Garinkunini

**Kunini**, ko **Garin Kunini**, gari ne da ke cikin Ƙaramar Hukumar Lau a Jihar Taraba, Nijeriya. Garin yana kan tsayin mita 380 sama da matakin teku, kuma yawan jama’arsa ya kai kimanin mutane 1,674 zuwa shekarar 2023.

## Yanayin ƙasa
Kunini yana a kan daidaitattun wurare 9°4′0″ Arewa da 11°31′59″ Gabas. Garin yana cikin Jihar Taraba, a tsayin mita 380 sama da matakin teku.

## Yawan jama'a
Zuwa shekarar 2023, Kunini na da mazauna kimanin 1,674, waɗanda suka ƙunshi al’umma masu bambancin kabilu da al’adu, suna zaune cikin zaman lafiya da jituwa.

## Tattalin Arziki
Tattalin arzikin Kunini ya fi dogaro da noma. Mazauna garin na noman amfanin gona kamar masara, gero, doya, da rogo, waɗanda ke bunƙasa a ƙasar noma mai albarka da ke kewaye da garin. 

## Manazarta
Nguroje

Nguroje gari ne da ke kan Hawan Mambilla, a Ƙaramar Hukumar Sardauna ta Jihar Taraba, a gabashin Nijeriya.

## Manazarta
Bami-Yuno: History of the Mambilla Chiefdom, ms 1938 Intelligence Report

https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=15/6.9575/11.1173
Gidan Tarihi na Tattalin Arziki

**Gidan Tarihin Tsirrai na Tattalin Arziki**, wanda a da aka fi sani da **Gidan Tarihin Tsirrai na Tattalin Arziki na Santos**, gidan tarihi ne na tsirrai na tattalin arziki wanda ke cikin Lambun Tsirrai na Adelaide, Adelaide, Ostiraliya. An buɗe gidan tarihin a shekarar 1881, kuma shine kawai gidan tarihi na irinsa da ya rage a Ostiraliya.

## Tarihi
Gidan Tarihi na Tsirrai na Tattalin Arziki, wanda aka buɗe a ranar 27 ga Mayu 1881, ya samo asali ne daga gidan tarihi da ke cikin gidan tarihi a Kew Gardens, London, wanda aka buɗe a 1847. Bayan buɗewa, Gidan Tarihi na Tsirrai na Tattalin Arziki ya nuna abubuwa 3500 waɗanda aka tsara musamman don nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin kayan amfanin gona da samfurin ƙarshe na masu amfani. Daraktan farko na ginin shine Richard Schomburgk, wanda ya yi amfani da hanyar sadarwarsa ta ƙasashen duniya ta masana tsirrai masu ra'ayi ɗaya don tattara tarin abubuwan da ke ciki. 

Ginin ya kuma haɗa da wani ƙarin gini, Herbarium, wanda ke ɗauke da busassun tsirrai sama da 18,000.

Bayan rasuwarsa, magajin Schomburgk, darakta Holtze, bai yi wani kokari ba wajen gina tarin kayan, kuma jigilar kayayyaki na ƙarshe da aka yi don tarin ya fito ne daga Kew a shekarar 1893.

## Bayani

Gidan Tarihin Tsirrai na Tattalin Arziki yana cikin Lambunan Tsirrai na Adelaide da ke Adelaide, Kudancin Ostiraliya. Shi ne gidan tarihi na irinsa da ya rage a Ostiraliya.

Gidan tarihin yana nuna tarin kayan shuka na dindindin wanda ke nuna amfani da kayan shuka a aikace, magani, da tattalin arziki.[1] Kayan shukar da aka nuna sun haɗa da mai mai mahimmanci, danko da resins, tsire-tsire masu zare, rini, tsire-tsire masu abinci da abin sha, da sauransu.[2] As of 2018 Tana nuna sama da samfura 3000, waɗanda ke wakiltar kashi 99% na kayan da aka tattara. Haka kuma tana shirya baje kolin fasaha na zamani akai-akai, kamar baje kolin hotunan Tamar Dean a matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin Adelaide a 2018.[3]

## Gine-gine
An tsara ginin Girka-Farawa sosai don bin misalin Kew Gardens. An fara gina ginin a shekarar 1879 kuma an kammala shi a shekarar 1881, wanda ya ci fam £2900. Yana da tagogi 16 kowanne  mai tsayi, an tsara shi don ba da damar shiga cikin hasken rana mai yawa.

Tare da fasalin gininsa na salon Girka da Farfaɗowa, an saka Gidan Tarihi a cikin Rijistar Gidaje ta Ƙasa da ta daina aiki a ranar 21 ga Oktoba 1980 da kuma a Rijistar Gado ta Kudancin Ostiraliya a ranar 23 ga Satumba 1982.

An gyara ginin tun daga shekarar 2009 ta hannun Grieve Gillett Architects, inda ya fara da kayan cikin gidan sannan ya yi aiki a waje bayan an sake buɗe gidan kayan tarihin ga jama'a. Gyaran ginin ya sami lambar yabo ta 2012 ta Cibiyar Masu Zane-zane ta Australiya (SA) David Saunders Award for Heritage Architecture.

## Manazarta