open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Yaƙin Doiran (1916)

A farkon watan Agusta 1916, ƙungiyoyi uku na Faransa da ɗaya na Birtaniya tare da mutane 45,000 da bindigogi 400 sun kaddamar da hari kan matsayin Bulgarian a Tafkin Dojran, wanda ƙungiyar Sojojin Thracian ta 2 ta kare. Harin ya fara ne a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta tare da manyan bindigogi a kan matsayi na 27th Chepino Regiment da 9th Plovdiv Regiment. Dukkanin hare-haren hudu da suka biyo baya a ranar 10, 15, 16 da 18 ga watan Agusta sun kori su ta hanyar Sashe na Biyu, kuma an tilasta wa Allies su koma matsayinsu na asali tare da mummunan rauni.

Sauran kafofin sun bayyana cewa Faransanci sun dauki Tortoise Hill (*Turtle*) da Doldzeli, yanki na , amma a farashi mai yawa. Rundunar sojan Burtaniya ta 7 ta Oxfordshire &amp;amp; Buckinghamshire Light Infantry ta dauki Horseshoe Hill.

## Manazarta
Maɓallin Tofano

**Tecla Tofano** (1927 a Naples, Italiya - 1995 a Caracas, Venezuela)  ’yar ƙasar Italiya ce mai zane-zane, mai zane-zanen yumbu, kuma marubuciya mai aiki tun daga shekarun 1950 har zuwa rasuwarta a 1995. Tofano ta yi karatun yumbu da enamel tare da Miguel Arroyo a Escuela de Artes Plásticas y Applicadas (Makarantar Fasaha da Fasaha ta Fasaha, Caracas), tare da sauran ɗalibai da masu zane-zanen yumbu, Cristina Merchán da Reyna Herrera.  Mamba ce a ƙungiyar Forma Veinte (Form Ashirin), ayyukanta sun sami yabo sosai, kuma ta shahara da hotunanta masu kawo cece-kuce, siyasa, da na mata .

## Zane-zane
Matakai biyu daban-daban sun bayyana aikinta: daga 1955 zuwa 1963, Tofano ta yi aiki a wani yanayi na gargajiya, tana ƙirƙirar abubuwa masu amfani tare da saman da aka yanke da kuma waɗanda aka yi wa ado; daga baya, ba ta damu da amfanin aikinta ba, maimakon haka ta ƙirƙiri sassaka masu bayyanannu daga yumbu. [1] An ɗora tukwanen Tofano da motsin rai, jima'i, da barkwanci .

## Nune-nunen da kyaututtuka
An ba Tofano kyautar ƙasa don Fasahar Aiki a Salon Fasaha na Venezuela na XIX (1958)  da kuma lambobin zinare da azurfa a Nunin Ƙasa na Fasaha na Zamani na Duniya (a Prague a 1961 da Buenos Aires a 1962).  Ta ƙirƙiri jerin ayyuka don nunawa a nune-nunen, kamar *Los accesorios*  (Abubuwan Haɗi, 1970) - tare da jakunkuna, takalma, da sauran kayan mata - da kuma *Lo que comen los que comen*  (Abin da Mutane Ke Cin Abinci, 1973), wani biki na abincin yumbu wanda aka cika da teburi, kujeru, da masu cin abinci. Ta kasance ɓangare na malamin makarantar gine-gine da birane a Jami'ar Tsakiyar Venezuela (1959–80).  Daga 1977 har zuwa 1987, Tofano ta daina nuna ayyukanta  ta kuma mai da hankali kan rubuce-rubucenta, da kuma fafutukar kare hakkin mata da aka gudanar ta hanyar ƙungiyar mata, Miércoles. Ayyukanta sun koma fagen jama'a a 1987 da 1989, lokacin da ta nuna zane-zanenta.  An nuna ayyukanta a cikin baje kolin Moderno: Design for Living in Brazil, Mexico, da Venezuela . Tsakanin 1940 da 1978, an nuna ayyukanta a Americans Society, New York City (11 ga Fabrairu - 16 ga Mayu, 2015) da kuma a baje kolin, Radical Women: Latin American Art, 1960–1985 a Gidan Tarihi na Brooklyn a 2018.

## Manazarta
Michael F. Farashin

Michael F. Price (3 ga Yuli, 1951 - 14 ga Maris, 2022) wani mai saka hannun jari ne na Amurka kuma manajan asusun wanda ke gudanar da asusun hedge MFP Investors LLC.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Price a ranar 3 ga Yuli, 1951, ga wani iyali Yahudawa  a Glen Cove, New York .  Mahaifinsa yana gudanar da shagunan sayar da tufafi iri-iri.  A shekarar 1973, ya sami digirin BA daga Jami'ar Oklahoma . 

## Sana'a
A shekarar 1974, ya karɓi aiki tare da Max Heine  a Mutual Series. A shekarar 1982, ya zama cikakken abokin tarayya  kuma lokacin da Heine ya mutu a shekarar 1988, ya zama shugaban ƙasa kuma shugaban kamfanin. A shekarar 1995, tare da asusun haɗin gwiwarsa, ya sami matsayi a Chase Manhattan Bank na hannun jari miliyan 11 ko kuma kashi 6.1% na hannun jarinsu don tilasta musu "su sayar da rassa ko ɗaukar wasu matakai" don nemo mai siye don ɗaga darajar hannun jarinsu. Daga ƙarshe an sayar da Chase ga Chemical Banking Corp. a ranar 28 ga Agusta, a cikin yarjejeniyar da ta kai sama da dala biliyan 10 kuma ta fi kashi 70% fiye da sayayyarsa ta farko.  A shekarar 1996, an haɗa Mutual Series zuwa Franklin Templeton Investments . A shekarar 1998, Price ya sauka daga ayyukan gudanar da asusun yau da kullun amma ya ci gaba da zama shugaban kamfanin, kuma a shekarar 2001, ya bar kamfanin don fara kamfanin asusunsa, MFP Partners, LP.  

## Taimakon jama'a
Price ya bayar da dubban miliyoyin daloli ga ɗalibansa, Jami'ar Oklahoma .  Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta OU, ɗaya daga cikin gine-ginenta, da kuma babban tallafin kuɗi mai ɗauke da sunansa.  CGTM, wanda aka buɗe a hukumance a watan Yunin 2008 a Kwalejin Magunguna ta Albert Einstein da ke Bronx, shi ma yana ɗauke da sunansa.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Price ya yi aure kuma yana da 'ya'ya shida.  Ya kasance mazaunin bazara a Bay Head, New Jersey . 

Sau da yawa ana saka shi a cikin Forbes 400, Price ya musanta wannan ikirarin har ya kai ga dukiyarsa, yana mai cewa "Ku mutane kuna ƙirƙira abubuwa game da mutane kowace shekara, don haka za ku iya ci gaba da ƙirƙira abubuwa game da ni."  

Ya rasu bayan doguwar rashin lafiya a ranar 14 ga Maris, 2022, yana da shekaru 70. 

## Manazarta
Sojojin Salonika na Burtaniya

**Sojojin Salonika na Burtaniya** rundunar sojin Burtaniya ce a lokacin yakin duniya na farko. Bayan armistice a watan Nuwamba 1918, an rushe shi, amma sassan sun zama sabuwar rundunar Sojojin Black Sea, kuma Janar Milne ya kasance a cikin umurni.

## Yaƙin Duniya na farko

An kafa Sojojin a Salonika a karkashin Lieutenant-General Sir Bryan Mahon don adawa da ci gaban Bulgarian a yankin a matsayin wani ɓangare na gaban Makidoniya.[1] Sojojin sun isa Salonika (tare da sojojin Faransa) a ranar 15 ga Oktoba 1915. [2] A watan Mayu 1916 Lieutenant-General George Milne ya maye gurbin Mahon a matsayin kwamandan Sojoji. Daga ƙarshe ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi biyu kuma kamar yadda Sojojin Black Sea suka kasance a wurin har zuwa 1921.[3]

Ana tunawa da mutuwar Sojojin Salonika na Burtaniya ta hanyar tunawa da Doiran.

## Rukunin sassan

## Manazarta
Yaƙin Crna Bend (1916)

**Yaƙin Cherna** bend yaƙi ne na tsawon watanni biyu tsakanin sojojin Bulgarian da Entente . Yaƙin ya faru ne a gaban Makidoniya a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na farko na Allied Monastir Offensive a watan Oktoba da Nuwamba 1916. Bayan gwagwarmaya mai tsanani da mummunan rauni a bangarorin biyu, 'yan Bulgaria sun janye daga Bitola a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba, suna ɗaukar matsayi na kilomita 5 (3.1  zuwa arewa ta hanyar kayar da duk hare-haren da suka biyo baya daga can. Koyaya, shigarwar Entente a Bitola ba ta da ƙimar dabarun.

## Yaƙi

A watan Agustan 1916, 'yan Bulgaria sun kaddamar da Aikin Lerin. Sojojin Entente sun fara kai farmaki kuma, a ranar 30 ga Satumba, sun dauki Kajmakčalan tare da mummunan rauni kuma sun ci gaba zuwa Bitola. A yankin Kogin Crna (Macedonian da Serbian: Црна / Crna, Bulgarian: Черна Река / Cherna Reka), ƙungiyar sojan Bulgaria ta 8 ta Tundzha ta dauki matsayi na tsaro cikin sauri a watan Satumbar 1916. Wannan rukuni ya dauki babban hari na abokan gaba. A ranar 5 ga Oktoba, sojojin Serbia sun yi ƙoƙari su haye kogi. Wasu sun isa bakin teku na dama amma 'yan Bulgaria sun kai musu hari kuma sun ci su kuma dole ne su koma baya. 

A ranar 6 ga Oktoba, Serbs sun sake kai hari a kusa da ƙauyukan Dobroveni da Skochivir amma an sake kai musu hari kuma an tura su baya. 'Yan Bulgaria sun kwace ƙauyen Brod. Serbs, wadanda ke da babban fifiko a cikin bindigogi, suna kai hari akai-akai. 

A ranar 14 da 15 ga Oktoba 1916, fada ta ci gaba ba tare da katsewa ba. Matsi na Serbia ya kasance mai girma, kuma Bulgarians sun ci gaba da riƙe matsayinsu. Dare na 15 ga Oktoba yana daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da aka yi a yakin lokacin da Serbs suka kaddamar da hare-hare takwas a jere, dukansu an kori su. Daga nan sai Serbs suka warke har kwana uku, kuma a ranar 18 ga Oktoba, sun haye gefen hagu na Kogin Crna a Brod kuma sun karfafa shi. Sojojin Bulgarian sun mayar da martani amma an kori su.

## Sakamakon haka
Entente ta ci gaba da yunkurin da ta yi na cin nasara a kan Bulgarians a yankin Kogin Crna a shekara mai zuwa, kuma ba tare da samun nasara ba. Yakin hadin gwiwa a cikin bazara na 1917 ya gaza. Sojojin Bulgarian-Jamusanci sun ci gaba da rike Macedonian Front a kan sojojin Faransa, Birtaniya, Serbia da Girka har zuwa nasarar Franco-Serbian a Dobro Pole a ranar 15 ga Satumba 1918.

## Bayanan Kula

## Manazarta
Sojojin Gabas (1915-1919)

Armée d'Orient (AO) runduna ce ta Sojojin Faransa a lokacin yakin duniya na farko wanda ya yi yaƙi a gaban Makidoniya.

An kafa Armée d'Orient a watan Satumbar 1915 a lokacin da sojojin Jamus-Austria-Bulgaria suka ci Serbia. An tura shi zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Girka ta Salonika, inda raka'a na farko suka isa ranar 5 ga Oktoba. Duk da hare-hare da yawa, gaba ta tsaya a kan iyakar Girka da Serbia har zuwa Satumba 1918, lokacin da sojojin Bulgarian suka rushe bayan da aka ci su a Yaƙin Dobro Pole .

A ranar 11 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1916, duk dakarun hadin gwiwa a gaban Salonika sun zo karkashin umarni mai hadin kai, kuma suna Sojojin Allied na Gabas (AAO). Babban kwamandan AAO ya zama kwamandan Faransa na Armée d'Orient Maurice Sarrail . Victor Cordonnier ne ya gaje shi a matsayin kwamandan Armée d'Orient, kuma an sake sunan sojojin da kansu Armée française d'Oriente (AFO).

## Kwamandoji

* Janar Maurice Sarrail (5 ga Oktoba 1915 - 11 ga Agusta 1916) 
* Janar Victor Cordonnier (11 ga Agusta 1916 - 19 ga Oktoba 1916) 
* Janar Paul Leblois (19 ga Oktoba 1916 - 1 ga Fabrairu 1917) 
* Janar Paul François Grossetti (1 ga Fabrairu 1917 - 30 ga Satumba 1917) 
* Janar   (30 Satumba 1917 - 31 Disamba 1917) 
* Janar Paul Prosper Henrys (31 Disamba 1917 - Afrilu 1919) 

## Manazarta
Sojojin Allied na Gabas

Sojojin Allied Army of the Orient (AAO) (Faransanci: Armées alliées en Orient) shine sunan kwamandan hadin gwiwa a kan dakarun hadin gwiwa da yawa a gaban Salonika a lokacin yakin duniya na farko .

Lokacin da Jamus, Austria-Hungary, da sabon abokantaka, Bulgaria, ke gab da mamaye Serbia a watan Satumba-Oktoba 1915, sojojin da suka dawo da kasashe da yawa daga yakin Gallipoli da ya gaza sun sauka a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Girka ta Salonika don kafa Macedonian Front. Sakamakon saukowa shine ci gaba da ɗaukar nauyin Rarrabawar Kasa tsakanin Constantine I na Girka da Firayim Minista Eleftherios Venizelos, wanda ya ƙare a tilasta murabus na ƙarshe.

A watan Agustan 1916, wasu sojoji 400,000 na Allied daga runduna biyar daban-daban sun mamaye gaban Salonika. Wani umarni mai hadin kai ya sanya kansa kuma bayan tattaunawa mai tsawo, an sanya Janar Maurice Sarrail na Faransa a matsayin kwamandan dukkan sojojin Allied a Salonika, kodayake sun riƙe da damar daukaka kara ga gwamnatocinsu.

Girka kanta ta kasance tsaka tsaki da farko. Bayan juyin mulki a ranar 30 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1916, an kirkiro Gwamnatin Tsaro ta Kasa, karkashin jagorancin Eleftherios Venizelos, a Salonika. Ya fara tara sojoji kuma nan da nan ya shiga cikin ayyukan da aka yi wa Ƙasashen Tsakiya. A watan Yunin 1917, bayan karuwar matsin lamba daga abokan hulɗa, an tilasta wa Sarki Constantine I na Girka ya sauka daga kursiyin. Venizelos ya mallaki dukan ƙasar kuma Girka ta ayyana yaƙi da Ƙasashen Tsakiya a ranar 30 ga Yuni 1917. Sojojin Girka sun fara aiki a karkashin umurnin AAO.

## Kwamandojin AAO

## Manazarta
Yankin Tsibirin

The Archipelago Division (Greek) wani rukuni ne na sojan ƙasa na Girka a yakin duniya na farko da farkon matakan Yakin Asiya Ƙananan .

## Kafawa
Gwamnatin Tsaro ta Kasa ta fara tayar da rukunin ne a watan Satumbar 1916 [1] a matsayin wani ɓangare na kokarin da take yi na kirkirar rundunarta don hidima tare da Allies a gaban Makidoniya.  Shirye-shiryen farko ya bukaci a kafa ƙungiyoyin sojoji huɗu da za a dauka a yankunan da gwamnatin tsaron kasa ke sarrafawa (Crete, Tsibirin Aegean, da Makidoniya). 

Kamar yadda sunanta ke nunawa, an dauki rukunin tsibirin (Μεραρχία Ōρχιπελά:-)) a tsibirin Aegean, musamman Chios, Lesbos, da Samos. Babban sa shine maza da suka riga sun yi aiki a tsibirin, da kuma azuzuwan 1915 da 1916; wannan ya tabbatar da cewa bai isa ba don kammala daukar ma'aikata, kuma a watan Maris na shekara ta 1917 an tattara tsofaffin azuzuwan takwas don cika rukunin rukunin. An sami ƙarin matsaloli saboda rashin makamai da ƙwararrun NCOs, wanda ya haifar da kafa cibiyar horar da NCO a Mytilini .  Rukunin ya kunshi rundunonin sojan ƙasa guda uku (asalin 7th, 8th, da 9th, amma a ƙarshen 1916 an sake kiranta 4th, 5th, da 6th bi da bi) da kuma ayyukan tallafi. Rundunar Archipelago ta 4 (4ο Σύνταγμα ńρχιπελά:-)) tare da battalions biyu an kafa su a Lesbos, rundunar Archipelag ta 5 (5ο Σύνάταγμα ̆ ̆ Ō ̆ ♂) tare da batallion daya a Lesbos da daya a Lemnos, da kuma rundunar Archipelago ta 6 (6ο Σύννταγμα -)) a Samos, tare da batliya daya a Chios. Kwamandansa na farko shi ne Colonel (daga baya Major Janar da Lieutenant Janar) Dimitrios Ioannou, tare da Lieutenant Colonel Dimitrios Katheniotis a matsayin shugaban ma'aikatansa.

Daga cikin mutanen da aka dauka a cikin rukuni shine marubucin Stratis Myrivilis, wanda littafinsa mai adawa da yaki Life in the Tomb ya bayyana rayuwa a gaban Makidoniya bisa ga abubuwan da marubucin ya samu tare da rukuni.

## Yankin Makidoniya, 1917-1918

### Farko na gaba a Monastir
Bayan an kammala horo a watan Maris na shekara ta 1917, an kai rukunin zuwa Toumba a Thessaloniki a watan Afrilu. [1][1] Daga 1 ga Mayu zuwa gaba, ya fara tafiya zuwa gaba, kuma a ranar 18 ga Mayu 1917 ƙungiyar ta taru a kusa da ƙauyen Kladorachi a yankin Florina, kuma an sanya ta ƙarƙashin umurnin Armée d'Orient na Faransa. [1][1] A can ne aka horar da ƙungiyar a cikin yaƙi da kuma amfani da bindigogi, grenades, da dai sauransu.[1]

Daga 24 ga Mayu, battalions na ƙungiyar sun fara mamaye bangarorin gaba a yankin Monastir, a ƙarƙashin ikon Rundunar Sojojin Faransa ta 57: ɗayan battalions an haɗa su da rundunonin ƙungiyar Faransa don a hankali su saba da su ga yanayin gaba. A watan Yulin, ƙungiyar ta gudanar da bangaren gaba na gaba. A watan Agustan 1917, Lt. Colonel Achilleas Protosyngellos ya zama shugaban ma'aikatan ƙungiyar. 

## Manazarta
Philippe Henri Joseph na Anselme

Philippe Henri Joseph d'Anselme (Voreppe, 30 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1864 - 26 ga watan Maris shekara ta 1936) ya kasance janar na Faransa a lokacin yakin duniya na farko da kuma Kudancin Rasha. Shi ɗan Joseph Charles Denis d"Anselme ne da Louise d"Agoult.

## Ayyuka
A watan Satumbar 1912 ya zama Babban Ma'aikacin Sojojin Faransa a Gabashin Maroko. A lokacin yakin duniya na farko shi ne kwamandan farko na 1er Régiment de Tirailleurs Algériens, sannan na 1st Moroccan Infantry Brigade kuma a watan Janairun 1916 na 127th Infantry Division.

A ranar 9 ga watan Yulin 1918, ya zama kwamandan rukuni na 1st Division Group na Sojojin Allied na Gabas a gaban Makidoniya, wanda ya kunshi rukuni na 16 na mulkin mallaka na Faransa, rukuni na tsibirin Girka da rukuni na 27 na sojan Burtaniya.

A watan Maris na shekara ta 1919, ya karɓi umurnin Faransanci da Girkanci Kudancin Rasha Intervention daga Janar Berthelot, a lokacin da Intervention ya riga ya gaza kuma ana shirya kwashewa.

A ranar 10 ga Satumba 1919, ya zama kwamandan rundunar sojan kasa ta 38. A watan Fabrairun 1924, an nada shi kwamandan sashen mamayewa a Tunisia  kuma a watan Maris na 1926, babban kwamandan dukkan sojojin Faransa a Tunisia.

Ya yi ritaya watanni 6 bayan haka, a ranar 30 ga watan Agusta 1926.

Ya kasance Kwamandan Legion d'Honneur . 

## Manazarta
James Nicholson (ɗan kasuwa na Amurka)

**James Michael Nicholson** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1966) ɗan damfara ne ɗan Amurka kuma shi ne shugaban kamfanin saka hannun jari na Westgate Capital Management . Hedkwatar Westgate Capital tana cikin Pearl River, New York . FBI ta kama Nicholson a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 2009  kuma SEC ta tuhume shi da laifin "cin amanar ɗaruruwan masu zuba jari na miliyoyin daloli".  Lauyan Amurka na Gundumar Kudancin New York ya tuhume shi da laifin "cin amanar ɗaruruwan masu zuba jari na miliyoyin daloli". A ranar 23 ga Afrilu, 2009, Lauyan Amurka na Gundumar Kudancin New York ya tuhume shi da laifin zamba ga masu zuba jari a cikin shirin Ponzi. Nicholson yana zaman hukuncin daurin shekaru 40 a gidan yari bayan ya amsa laifin zamba ga masu zuba jari a cikin shirin Ponzi. Nicholson yana zaman hukuncin daurinsa a Cibiyar Gyaran Gidaje ta Tarayya (FCI) Otisville, wani wurin tsaro na matsakaicin tsaro ga masu aikata laifuka maza da ke gefen Otisville, New York . Ranar da aka tsara za a sake shi ita ce 7 ga Afrilu, 2043, lokacin da zai cika shekaru 76.  

## Manazarta
Zafar Ahmad Usmani

Zafar Ahmad Usmani (Larabci: ظفر أحمد العثماني) (4 Oktoba 1892 – 1974) malamin fikihu musulmi 'yan Sunna ne a karni na 20 wanda ya zama jigo a kungiyar Hanafiyya ta Fikihu Sunna ta Deobandi. Ya kuma kasance fitaccen mai fafutukar fafutukar Pakistan.[1][2]

Ya fi shahara da rubuce-rubucen I'la Al-Sunan, kundin Hadisi na 20 na hujjojin Hanafi, wanda makarantar Hanafi ta rubuta a matsayin ƙaryata game da ƙin yarda da ƙungiyar Ahl-i Hadith mai girma ta tayar, kamar yadda kawunsa Ashraf Ali Thanwi ya bukaci.

## Haihuwar
An haifi Zafar Ahmad Usmani a ranar 4 ga Oktoba 1892 a Deoband . Sunansa (wanda aka ba shi) shi ne Zafar Ahmad . *nasab* dinsa shine: Zafar Ahmad ibn Lateef Ahmad ibn Nehal Ahmad ibn Karamat Hussain ibn Nabi Bakhsh ibn Hayātullah ibn Ināyatullah ibn Laqā'ullāh ibn Ihsānullāh Ibn Nasīrullah ibn Dīwān Lutfullah ibn Owais ibn Ahmad ibn Abd al-Razzāq ibn Muḥammad Hasan ibn Habībullah ibn Usmān ibn Ali ibn Shay Muḥammad ibn Fazlāh ibn Usmāh ibn Abu al-Wafmāni . 

## Ilimi da aiki
Bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarsa lokacin da yake da shekaru 3, kakarsa ce ta yi renonsa, wacce aka dauka mace ce mai addini. Ya fara karatu da haddace Alkur'ani yana da shekaru 5. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 7, ya yi karatun Lissafi, Urdu, da Farisa a karkashin Mawlana Muhammad Yasin . Kakansa, Ashraf Ali Thanwi ya jagorance shi yayin da yake karatu tare da ƙarin malaman addini.

A Pakistan, ya zama babban abokin Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Usmani kuma memba ne mai aiki na Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam wanda ya kafa. Bayan mutuwar Shabbir Ahmad Usmani a 1949, shi da Maulana Ehteshamul Haq Thanvi sun zama manyan shugabannin wannan jam'iyyar.

## Ayyuka
Ayyukan Usmani mafi shahara shine *I"la" al-Sunan*, wanda shine Hadith Commentary wanda ke haɗa ra'ayoyin wannan littafin Hanafi tare da shaidar kai tsaye daga Hadiths. Dalilin wannan shi ne cewa ƙungiyar Ahl-i Hadith tana girma kuma tana kawo rashin amincewarsu, kuma Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanwi ya nemi dan uwansa ya amsa. An fara buga littafin ne a shekarar 1923.  Ya ƙunshi kundin 21.

* Qawaid fi Ulum al-Hadith 

## Jinnah ne ya girmama shi
A bikin samun 'yancin Pakistan a 1947, Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah ya nemi sanannen masanin addini Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Usmani ya ɗaga tutar Pakistan a Karachi kuma ya nemi Zafar Ahmad Usmani da ya ɗaga shi a Dhaka. Har ila yau, tun lokacin da Zafar Ahmad Usmani ya kasance lauya, an zaba shi don yin rantsuwa daga Babban Alkalin Pakistan na farko, Abdul Rashid . 

## Manazarta

## Ƙarin karantawa

* Zafar Ahmad Usmânî Thânwî da hadisi, MUHAMMET ALİ TEKİN
* 
*  
* *Ma'aikatar Nazarin Musulunci ta Jami'ar Dhaka a Binciken Ilimi da Bincike*, rubutun PhD, Jami'ar dhaka, shafi na 171-175

## Haɗin waje

* Littattafan Zafar Ahmad Usmani a shafin yanar gizon Littattafan Musulunci  An adana su  
* Rubutun
* jarida
Ameer Zaman

**Maulana Ameer Zaman** (Urdu; 1956 - 7 Satumba 2021 ) 'yar siyasar Pakistan ce wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Ayyukan Wasiku, a cikin majalisar ministocin Abbasi daga watan Agusta 2017 zuwa Mayu 2018. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Dokokin Pakistan daga Yuni 2013 zuwa Mayu 2018.

## Ayyukan siyasa
Zaman ya tsaya takarar kujerar Majalisar Dokokin Pakistan a matsayin dan takarar Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA) daga Mazabar NA-263 (Loralai)  a Babban zaben Pakistan na 2002 amma bai yi nasara ba. Ya samu kuri'u 19,218 kuma ya rasa kujerar ga Sardar Yaqoob . A cikin wannan zaben, ya yi takara don kujerar Majalisar lardin Balochistan a matsayin dan takarar MMA daga Mazabar PB-16 (Loralai-III)  amma bai yi nasara ba. Ya samu kuri'u 7,559 kuma ya rasa kujerar ga Muhammad Khan Toor, dan takarar Pakistan Muslim League (Q) (PML-Q). 

An zabe shi a Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa a matsayin dan takarar Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F)  (JUI-F) daga Mazabar NA-263 (Loralai-cum-Musakhel-cum-Barkhan)  a Babban zaben Pakistan na 2013. Ya samu kuri'u 31,031 kuma ya ci Sardar Yaqoob.

Bayan zaben Abbasi" id="mwOw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Shahid Khaqan Abbasi">Shahid Khaqan Abbasi a matsayin Firayim Minista na Pakistan a watan Agustan 2017, an shigar da Zaman cikin majalisar tarayya ta Abbasi .  An nada shi Ministan Ayyukan Wasiku bayan an kafa ofishin. Bayan rushewar Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa a ƙarshen wa'adinsa a ranar 31 ga Mayu 2018, ya daina rike mukamin a matsayin Ministan Tarayya na Ayyukan Wasiku.

Zaman ya mutu daga COVID-19 a shekarar 2021.

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin Deobandis

## Manazarta
Darajar Iqbal

Glory of Iqbal (Urdu: نقوش اقبال, romanized: Nuqoosh-e-Iqbal) littafi ne da Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi ya rubuta wanda ke neman gabatar da mawaki Muhammad Iqbal ga kasashen Larabawa. An fara buga shi da harshen Larabci a matsayin Rawa-e Iqbal sannan Shams Tabriz Khan ya fassara shi zuwa Urdu da Nuqoosh-e-Iqbal. Shi ne aikin Nadwi da ya fi shahara, kuma ana sayar da shi a duk fadin duniyar musulmi, musamman a Indiya da kasashen Larabawa.[1][2][3]

## Manazarta

*  

## Haɗin waje

*
Mohnish Pabrai

**Mohnish Pabrai** ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan asalin ƙasar Indiya, mai saka hannun jari, kuma mai taimakon jama'a . An haife shi a Bombay (Mumbai), Indiya, a ranar 12 ga Yuni, 1964. Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma babban abokin hulɗa na Pabrai Investment Funds, wani kamfani mai zuba jari mai mayar da hankali kan ƙima wanda ke kula da kadarori sama da dala biliyan 1. 

## Sana'a
Pabrai ya yi aiki tare da Tellabs tsakanin 1986-91, da farko a cikin rukunin sadarwar bayanai masu sauri, sannan a 1989, ya shiga reshensa na duniya, yana aiki a fannin tallan duniya da tallace-tallace. 

A shekarar 1991, ya fara kamfanin ba da shawara kan harkokin IT da haɗa tsarinsa, TransTech, Inc. da kimanin dala 30,000 daga asusunsa na 401(k) da kuma dala 70,000 daga bashin katin kiredit. Ya sayar da kamfanin a shekarar 2000 ga Kurt Salmon Associates  kan dala miliyan 20. A yau shi ne babban abokin hulɗa na Pabrai Investment Funds (iyalin asusun hedge da Buffett Partnerships ya yi wahayi zuwa gare su), wanda ya kafa a shekarar 1999.

## Littattafai
Pabrai yana da matuƙar girmamawa ga Warren Buffett kuma ya ce salon saka hannun jarinsa "an ƙirƙira shi ne" daga Buffett da sauran masu zuba jari masu daraja. Ya rubuta littafi kan salon saka hannun jarinsa: *The Dhandho Investor: The Low - Risk Value Method to High Returns* .  A watan Yunin 2007, ya yi fice a kan labarai ta hanyar yin tayin dala 650,100 tare da Guy Spier don cin abincin rana tare da Buffett. 

Wani littafi na Pabrai shine Mosaic: Perspectives on Investing . A cikin wannan littafin, Pabrai ya yi nazari kan hanyar Warren Buffett ta saka hannun jari zuwa wasu abubuwa. Waɗannan bayanai an yi su ne a cikin jerin kasidu da ya rubuta don wasiƙun labarai da shafukan yanar gizo daban-daban tsakanin 2001 da 2003 (littafin ya sake buga waɗannan labaran a cikin tsarin lokaci-lokaci).

An yi cikakken bayani game da tsarin rayuwar Pabrai a cikin littafin Guy Spier, *The Education of a Value Investor,* musamman a cikin wani babi mai taken "Doing Business the Way Buffett-Pabrai". 

## Gidauniyar Dakshana
A shekara ta 2005, Pabrai da matarsa, Harina Kapoor sun kafa Gidauniyar Dakshana (kyauta ko kyauta, galibi ga wani malami ko firist) da nufin sake amfani da mafi yawan dukiyarsu ga al'umma.  Asalin abin da suka fara shi ne mayar da kusan kashi 2%, ko dala miliyan 1 na Amurka kowace shekara.  Manufar farko ita ce rage talauci a Indiya. Kayan aikin da aka zaɓa shine samar da ayyukan koyarwa ga wasu daga cikin membobin al'ummar Indiya marasa galihu, da kuma ba su damar halartar wasu daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin ilimi.   Pabrai ya yaba wa Anand Kumar, wanda ya kafa Makarantar Lissafi ta Ramanujan  (wanda aka fi sani da Super 30) da ya samo asali daga wannan ra'ayin.

## Tarihin iyali
Mahaifin Pabrai ya kafa, ya fatara, ko kuma ya sayar da kamfanoni 15 daban-daban.  Kakan Pabrai shahararren mai sihiri ne Gogia Pasha. 

## Manazarta
Fath al-Bari

Fath al-Bari (Larabci: فتح الباري, romanized: Fatḥ al-Bārī, lit. 'Grant of the Creator') sharhi ne a kan Sahihul Bukhari, na farko daga cikin Littattafai Shida na Musulunci Sunna. Idan aka yi la’akari da shi magnum opus, tafsirin hadisi ne da aka fi sani da shi[1].

## Karɓar baƙi
Abd al-Hayy ibn Abd al-Kabir al-Kattani ya ce: "Lokacin da marubucin *al-Hittah* ya nakalto Ibn Khaldun yana cewa bayanin *Sahih al-[[Muhammad Al-Bukhari|Bukhari]]* bashi ne ga al'ummar musulmi, ya ce, 'Wannan bashin ya cika ta hanyar bayanin al-Hafith Ibn Hajar. " Saboda wannan dalili, lokacin da aka ba da shawarar ga Muhammad ibn 'Ali al-Skani, ya rubuta bayanin al-Jami' al-Bushari kawai ya amsa, kamar yadda wasu suka yi.

Abd al-Hakim Murad ya ce game da *Fath al-Bari* a cikin gabatarwa ga fassarar Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani's commentary on selected hadith (wanda aka buga a matsayin ɗan littafin Muslim Academic Trust): "Matsayin wannan wallafe-wallafen za a iya auna shi da gaskiyar cewa aƙalla ashirin cikakkun sharhi an rubuta akan Imam al-Bukhari's babban Sahih... wanda aka fi sani da shi ba tare da wata tambaya ba ne Fath al al-Bari (Victory of the sameing) ya karanta shi da harshen Ibni's ya nuna cikakkiyar fassararsa mai suna suna suna suna da harshen Ibann's ya dace da Ibann'a.

Masanin addinin Musulunci Norman Calder ya bayyana aikin Ibn Hajar a matsayin "mafi kyawun nasarorin maganganun fassara".

## Littattafai
Editoci sun hada da daya daga jaridar Masar ta Mustafa Al-Babi Al-Halabi, 1959 (1378 AH).

## Haɗin waje

* Shafin yanar gizo (Arabic). An adana shi 2010-05-03 a 

## Manazarta
John Neff (mai saka hannun jari)

**John B. Neff** (Satumba 19, 1931 - Yuni 4, 2019) ɗan Amurka ne mai zuba jari, manajan asusun haɗin gwiwa, kuma mai taimakon jama'a. Ya shahara saboda salon saka hannun jarinsa na ƙiyayya da ƙima da kuma shugabancin Asusun Windsor na Vanguard . 

Windsor ya zama asusun haɗin gwiwa mafi girma da ya dawo, kuma mafi girma da aka taɓa samu a lokacin shugabancin Neff, daga ƙarshe ya kusa shiga sabbin masu zuba jari na tsawon lokaci a shekarun 1980. Neff ya yi ritaya daga Vanguard a shekarar 1995. A lokacin shekaru talatin da ɗaya na Neff a Windsor (1964 zuwa 1995), asusun ya dawo da kashi 13.7% a kowace shekara idan aka kwatanta da kashi 10.6% na S&amp;amp;P 500. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi John Neff a shekarar 1931 a Wauseon, Ohio . Ya halarci Jami'ar Toledo kuma ya kammala karatunsa *na summa cum laude* a shekarar 1955.

Daga nan ya yi aiki a Bankin Birnin Kasa na Cleveland kafin ya halarci Makarantar Kasuwanci a Jami'ar Western Reserve, inda ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1958. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Sana'ar saka hannun jari
A shekarar 1964, ya shiga Kamfanin Gudanarwa na Wellington, wani ƙaramin mai ba da shawara ga ƙungiyar kuɗi ta Vanguard. Bayan shekaru uku a kamfanin, an naɗa shi manajan fayil na asusun Windsor, Gemini, da Qualified Dividend. Ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1995. 

## Falsafar saka hannun jari
Neff ya ambaci salon saka hannun jarinsa a matsayin hanyar rage farashi zuwa riba (P/E), kodayake wasu sun ɗauki Neff a matsayin wani nau'in mai saka hannun jari na ƙimar da aka saba gani. An kuma ɗauke shi a matsayin mai saka hannun jari na dabara wanda ya mai da hankali kan nazarin tsaro na ƙarancin fasaha, wato, tono kamfani da gudanarwa da kuma nazarin littattafai, sabanin David Dreman, wanda ya fi zama mai saka hannun jari na ƙididdiga. Dabaru na Neff sun haifar da babban juzu'i tare da matsakaicin lokacin riƙewa na shekaru uku. Wani yanki da Neff ya yi kama da masu saka hannun jari na ƙima kamar Warren Buffett shine a cikin fifita shi kan riba akan hannun jari (ROE), yana mai cewa shine mafi kyawun ma'auni na ingancin gudanarwa. Duk da haka, ya bambanta da masu saka hannun jari da yawa, Neff ya kuma mai da hankali kan hasashen tattalin arziki da kuma hasashen ribar kamfani a nan gaba. Hakanan, Neff yana son zaɓar hannun jari masu yawan riba, a cikin kewayon 4% zuwa 5%.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Ya buga tarihin rayuwarsa, *John Neff On Investing*, a shekara ta 2001.

Makarantar Wharton ta Jami'ar Pennsylvania ta naɗa Farfesa (Farfesa John B. Neff na Kuɗi) a matsayinsa. Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Jami'ar Toledo ta naɗa John B. da Lillian E. Neff Sashen Kuɗi don girmama Neff da matarsa; sashen kuma yana ɗauke da Shugaban Kuɗi na John B. da Lillian E. Neff.

Neff ya yi aure na tsawon shekaru 63 da tsohuwar Lillian Tulak, wacce ta rasu a shekarar 2017. Ya mutu bayan rashin lafiya a ranar 4 ga Yuni, 2019. 

## Duba kuma

## Littattafan tarihi

* John Neff akan Zuba Jari . na John Neff, SL Mintz. An buga ta John Wiley and Sons, 2001.  .

## Manazarta
Rundunar Mule ta Makidoniya

**Rundunar Mule ta Makidoniya** (Girkanci: ) wani tsari ne na Sojojin Salonika na Burtaniya wanda ya kunshi da farko 'yan Cypriot da alfadarai. An kafa rukunin ne a 1916 kuma an rushe shi a watan Maris na 1919. A lokacin hidimarsa ta ba da mahimman tallafi ga kokarin yaki na Allied a gaban Makidoniya da kuma Kudancin Rasha. 12,288 Cypriots sun yi aiki a cikin rundunar, 3,000 daga cikinsu sun sami lambar yabo ta yaki ta Burtaniya.

## Tarihi
A lokacin barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na farko, Cyprus ta kasance wani ɓangare na Daular Ottoman, yayin da a zahiri Daular Burtaniya ke gudanar da ita, kamar yadda aka amince a Yarjejeniyar Cyprus ta 1878. A ranar 5 ga Nuwamba 1914, Ottomans sun shiga rikici a gefen Tsakiyar Tsakiya, wanda ya sa Burtaniya ta soke Yarjejeniyar Cyprus kuma ta mamaye tsibirin, yayin da jihohin biyu yanzu suna cikin yaki. An gabatar da matakan tsaro da yawa, gami da tantancewar telegraph da dokar soja, kodayake Cyprus ta kasance a ware daga gaban Makidoniya, Gwagwarmayar Gallipoli, Gwaggarmayar Sinai da Falasdinu. Kamar yadda ba ta da tashar jiragen ruwa masu girma don karɓar manyan jiragen ruwa, hukumomin yankin sun mayar da hankali ga samar da abinci ga gaba a gefen ta, da kuma ba da gida ga waɗanda suka ji rauni a cikin ayyukan, fursunonin yaki da 'yan gudun hijira.[1]

## Hidima

A ranar 24 ga Afrilu 1916, kwamandan Salonika_Army" id="mwNA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="British Salonika Army">Sojojin Salonika na Burtaniya, Bryan Mahon, ya bayyana cewa don ci gabansa zuwa iyakar Girka da Serbia don samun nasara, ana buƙatar ɗaukar dabbobi 1,676 da masu muleteers 1,232 a kowace ƙungiya. Yankin da ba shi da kyau, iyakantaccen ababen more rayuwa da kuma hanyar jirgin kasa da ba ta ci gaba ba na Makidoniya sun bukaci amfani da dabbobi don kayan aikin soja. A ranar 24 ga Mayu, jakadan Burtaniya a Girka, Francis Elliot, ya nemi babban kwamishinan Cyprus, John Eugene Clauson, ya tara sojoji 7,000 na Cyprus don Macedonian Front don kara yawan Sojojin Salonika na Burtaniya. Kwanaki uku bayan haka, H.Q. na Burtaniya a Salonika ya aika da wani bincike, da gaggawa yana neman 'yan Cyprus 3,000. Rarrabawar Kasa a cikin Girka mai tsaka-tsaki a lokacin ta rushe kokarin Burtaniya na daukar ma'aikata daga cikin bangaren Entente mai goyon bayan Triple, tare da Firayim Ministan Girka, Eleftherios Venizelos, yana mai bayyana cewa ba zai iya tabbatar da cewa za a ba Birtaniya damar ci gaba da daukar ma'aikatan su ba. A ranar 24 ga Yuni, wani amsar da aka yi daga Ofishin Yakin Burtaniya ya umarci Clauson ya sayi alfadarai 2,000 kuma ya dauki mutane 500 don yin musu umurni, wannan lokacin rashin aiki ya jawo zargi daga Ofishin mulkin mallaka. A ranar 25 ga watan Yulin, rukuni na farko na 150 muleteers sun sauka a Salonika. A ranar 27 ga watan Yulin, an nemi karin 'yan Cyprus 3,000 (tare da rabo na 1 foreman ga' yan bindiga 20) da gaggawa don Makidoniya Front. A halin yanzu, an kafa Hukumar Sayen Mule a Famagusta, a karkashin kulawar Manjo L. Sisman. A ranar 2 ga watan Agusta, 'yan alfadari 796 sun isa Salonika, 500 sun shiga rundunar XII Corps kuma 196 sun shiga runduna ta XVI.

## Manazarta
Anwar Akbari

**Mohammad Anwar Akbari** (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1990) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Afghanistan wanda ke buga wa Shaheen Asmayee a Gasar Firimiya ta Afghanistan . 

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* 
* Mohammad Anwar Akbaria cikin Tarihin Wasanni na Duniya
* Mohammad Anwar Akbaria WorldFootball.net
* Mohammad Anwar Akbaria FBref.com
Faransanci da ke zaune a Thessaly

Faransanci sun mamaye Thessaly a watan Yunin 1917, a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na farko, a matsayin wani ɓangare na shiga tsakani a cikin rikice-rikicen Girka. Babban rikici na soja na mamayar ya zama sananne da **Yaƙin Flag** (Girkanci).

## Abubuwan da suka faru
Sojojin Faransa sun mamaye a jere a ranar 11 ga Yuni - Elasson; 12-14 ga Yuni - Larissa; a ranar 13/15 ga Yuni - Velestino, Volos da Trikala; a ranar 15/17 ga Yuni - Kalambaka, kuma a ranar 26 ga Yuni - Lamia.

Babban rikici na soja na aikin ya faru ne lokacin da Faransanci suka yi ƙoƙari su cire makamai na 1/38 Evzone Regiment a Larissa, a ƙarƙashin umurnin Lt. Colonel Athanasios Frangos . Rundunar ta ki yin biyayya da umarnin mika makamanta kuma ta koma yamma zuwa duwatsu. Faransanci sun kaddamar da Sipahis na Maroko don bin rukunin, suna kewaye da shi kuma suna tilasta masa ya mika wuya bayan rikice-rikice (wanda ake kira "Yaƙin Flag", yayin da Helenawa ke ɗauke da ma'auni na mulki tare da su) wanda ya yi ikirarin rayukan jami'an Girka 59 da sojoji, da kuma bakwai da aka kashe da 15 da suka ji rauni a gefen Faransa.[1][1]

A lokaci guda, Allies sun ba da ultimatum ga Constantine, suna barazanar jefa bom ga Athens. A sakamakon haka Sarki Constantine I na Girka ya sauka.

Akalla 'yan majalisa 200 na Girka, shugabannin birni, lauyoyi, da likitoci an tsare su a sansanin kurkuku a Thessaloniki. An kewaye sansanin fursuna na Thessaloniki da layuka biyu na waya, kuma masu gadi sun hada da sojojin Cambodia da Senegal.

## Dubi kuma
Kodza Déré Decauville Railway

**Kodza Déré Decauville Railway** (Girkanci: Κοτζά Ντερέ ντεκοβίλ) wata hanyar jirgin kasa ce mai tsawon kilomita 13.5, wacce sojojin Faransa suka gina kuma suka yi amfani da ita a lokacin yakin duniya na daga 1917 zuwa 1918 a Paionia kusa da Polykastro a Makidoniya .

## Tarihi
Kwarin Kogin Kodza Déré yana da dabarun da ke tattare da Sojojin Sojojin Yaƙin Duniya na I saboda hedkwatar Faransa tana kusa da Axiupolis kuma sansanin 122nd Division da asibitin soja suna kusa da Pigi. Layin gaba ya kasance kawai 'yan kilomita sama a kan tsawo na Skra-di-Legen Canyon (Girkanci: ), inda aka yi yakin Skra-d-Legen (Girkancin: Μάχη του Σκρα). Kamar yadda aka yi da Yaƙe-yaƙe na Doiran a cikin 1917 da 1918 akwai yaƙe- yaƙe-Yaƙe masu tsawo tare da asarar nauyi a yankin.&nbsp;Greek-language_text" id="mwGg" rel="mw:PageProp/Category"/>

## Hanyar da za a yi amfani da ita

Hanyar jirgin kasa ta Decau­ville tare da ma'auni na 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) ya fara ne daga tashar jirgin kasa ta Axioupolis (Αξιούπολης). An san tashar har zuwa 1927 da suna Goumentja . Jirgin ya haye garin Axioupolis, wanda aka fi sani da Bohemitsa (Μποέμιτσα) yana wucewa da majami'u biyu da masallaci. Don samun tsawo da sauri, ya shiga cikin Vróncho Spiral (βρόγχο), zuwa Pigi (Πηγή), wanda aka sani da Isvor. Daga can ya bi kwarin Kogin Kodza Déré zuwa ƙarshen Black Tree (μαύρο δένδρο) a ƙarƙashin Dutsen Koúpa (Κούπα), don samar da Sojojin Allied a gaban Makidoniya da kayayyaki da harsashi. 

An ɗaga waƙar da mafi yawan gadoji bayan yaƙin, amma hanyar da ke da zurfin yankewa da tsaunuka masu tsawo har yanzu ana iya ganewa a cikin ƙauyuka.

## Gidan wasan kwaikwayo

Fayil:Kodza_Déré_River_Railway_030.png|Military supplies stores on Axios River (Vardar)
Fayil:Kodza_Déré_River_Railway_026_(sap40_or142620_p).jpg|Military logistics train on a high embankment
Fayil:Kodza_Déré_River_Railway_003.jpg|Military camp in Kodza Déré Valley
Fayil:Kodza_Déré_River_Railway_016_(sap40_62t000127_p).jpg|Axioupolis railway station (Goumentja)
Fayil:Kodza_Déré_River_Railway_005.jpg|Churches and mosque of Axioupolis (Bohemitsa)
Fayil:Kodza_Déré_River_Railway_006_(sap40_or142607_p).jpg|Spiral enroute to Pigi (Isvor)


## Manazarta
Yaƙin Kaymakchalan

An yi yakin ne tsakanin 12 da 30 ga Satumba 1916, lokacin da sojojin Serbia suka sami nasarar kama saman Annabi Iliya yayin da suke tura Bulgarians zuwa garin Mariovo, inda suka kafa sabbin layin tsaro. Tsakanin 26 da 30 ga Satumba, saman ya sauya hannun sau da yawa har sai sojojin Serbia suka kama shi a ranar 30.

Yaƙin ya kasance mai tsada sosai ga bangarorin biyu. Asarar Serbia ta kai kusan 10,000 da aka kashe da rauni a ranar 23 ga Satumba.[1] kamfanoni Bulgarian sun ragu zuwa mutane 90 kowannensu, kuma runduna ɗaya, 11th Sliven Regiment, tana da jami'ai 73 da maza 3,000 da ba su da yaƙi.[1]

Daga hangen nesa, yakin bai kasance babbar nasara ba ga Allies saboda hunturu mai zuwa wanda ya sa ci gaba da aikin soja kusan ba zai yiwu ba.

A yau, akwai ƙaramin Ikilisiyar St. Peter a saman Annabi Iliya inda aka adana kwanyar sojojin Serbia da suka mutu, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wurin al'adu kuma abin jan hankali ne ga yawon bude ido. Akwai rikice-rikice game da sunan cocin, amma ana kiransa Saint Peter's (Sveti Petar a cikin Serbian), wanda ke tsaye a kan tudu da ake kira Annabi Iliya . 

## Gidan wasan kwaikwayo

Fayil:Serbian_chapel_on_Kajmakčalan_(2521m).jpg|The St. Peter's Church at Kajmakčalan
Fayil:Battle_of_Kaymakchalan_(painting,_Oton_Iveković).jpg|Oton Iveković: *Battle of Kaymakchalan*
Fayil:Vrhovna_komanda.jpg|Observation Post of the Serbian Army High Command on Kajmakčalan, moved to Pioneers Park, Belgrade
Fayil:Battle_of_Kaymakchalan_100th_anniversary,_2016_post_stamp_of_Serbia.jpg|Commemoration post stamp of Serbia for 100th anniversary (2016)
Fayil:Kajmakčalan,_od_1930.jpg|Kajmakčalan in 1930 (trenches can be easily seen even today)
Fayil:Звоно_код_капеле_Кајмакчалан_(2017).jpg|Bell at the St. Peter's Church on the top 
Fayil:Урна_Арчибалда_Рајса_(Кајмакчалан).jpg|Urn with heart of Archibald Reiss, original was destroyed by Bulgarians in World War II
Fayil:Sv._Petar_na_Kajmakčalan_(3).jpg|Remains of Bulgarian bunker
Fayil:Kosturnica_srpskih_vojnika_Kajmakčalan.jpg|Ossuary of Serbian soldiers (many bones were found later around the mountain)
Fayil:Sv._Petar_na_Kajmakčalan_(5).jpg|Ossuary of Serbian soldiers
Fayil:Sv._Petar_na_Kajmakčalan_(6).jpg|Ossuary of Serbian soldiers
Fayil:Narodni_muzej_Kraljevo_-_Stjepan_Kolesnikov_posle_Kajmakčalana,_ulje_na_platnu_1925._godina.jpg|Stjepan Kolesnikov - After Kaymakchalan, 1925


## Manazarta

## Tushe

* 
* 
*  
*
Yaƙin Florina

**Yaƙin ''Lerin*** ko *'Yaƙin Florina''' ko Chegan yaƙi ne na sojojin Bulgarian da aka yi tsakanin 17-28 ga Agusta 1916, a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na farko, inda suka ci birnin Florina (a Girka ta yanzu, amma an san shi a Bulgaria da Lerin) amma sun kasa karɓar Chegan.

## Tarihi
A watan Agustan 1916, Romania ta zaɓi shiga yakin a gefen Entente. Abokan hulɗa sun shirya babban hari a gaban Makidoniya a tsakiyar watan Agusta don tallafawa shigar Romania cikin yaƙin da kuma sanya sojojin Bulgarian da yawa kamar yadda zai yiwu. Babban kwamandan Bulgarian ya yi zargin wani hari mai zuwa, kuma fada a kusa da Doiran wanda ya ɓarke a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta kawai ya tabbatar da waɗannan zarge-zarge. A bangaren su, 'yan Bulgaria sun bukaci a kai farmaki a Makidoniya tun farkon shekarar, yanzu suna shirin yajin aiki tare da Sojoji na Farko da Sojoji na Biyu a bangarorin biyu.

Ayyukan Struma a gefen gabas da Sojojin Bulgaria na Biyu a karkashin Janar Todorov ya kasance babbar nasara, galibi saboda gwamnatin Girka ta umarci dakarun su kada su yi tsayayya.

## Aikin Chegan
Sojojin Bulgaria na farko ne za su ci gaba a gefen dama, wanda ke da tsari na yaƙi mai zuwa a watan Yulin 1916:

A ƙarshe Jamusawa sun amince da cewa ana buƙatar kai farmaki, kuma a ranar 12 ga watan Agusta Janar Boyadzhiev ya karɓi umarninsa daga hedkwatar rundunar Sojoji "Mackensen". Yankin dama na sojojin, wanda ya kunshi karfafawa na 8th infantry division (gundumar infantry hudu da rabi,) ya ci gaba da karbar Lerin yayin da sassa na 3rd division zuwa ga tsaunukan Chegan da ƙauyen da ake kira Agios Athanasios, zuwa arewa maso yammacin Lake Vegoritida, a cikin yankin Pella na Girka). Janar Boyadzhiev ya amince da kai hari amma yana da damuwa game da sakamakon karshe na harin saboda sojojinsa sun warwatse a gaba mai nisan kilomita  ba su da isasshen dutse da manyan bindigogi. Sojoji shida da sojan doki guda ɗaya na sojojin Serbia guda uku sun fuskanci Bulgarians.

An fara harin ne a ranar 17 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1916, tare da 'yan Bulgaria da suka kama Lerin da Banitsa. Koyaya, ci gaban nan da nan ya fuskanci matsaloli, ya ragu sosai saboda karuwar juriya ta Serbia. Yaƙin ya kasance mai tsanani musamman a kan gangaren dutse na Dutsen Chegan da Dutsen Voras. An ƙarfafa Serbians da sabbin bindigogi akai-akai da sabbin sojoji godiya ga hanyar jirgin kasa da ta kai filin yaƙi, yayin da Bulgarians nan da nan suka fara lalata kayan makamai. Wannan da jinkirin ci gaba sun tilasta babban kwamandan Bulgarian ya dakatar da duk hare-hare a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta kuma ya umarci sojojin su tono a kan wuraren da aka mamaye tsakanin Tafkin Vegoritida, Tafkin Petron da kuma kan tuddai na Dutsen Voras. A cikin kwanaki da yawa masu zuwa, an yi wa matsayi na Bulgarian mummunan harbe-harbe da kuma wasu hare-haren Serbia da aka fatattake.

## Manazarta
 

## Tushe

*
Yaƙin Doiran (1917)

**Yaƙin Doiran** ya kasance yaƙin 1917 tsakanin Ƙasar Ingila da Bulgaria a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na I. Yaƙin ya ƙare a cikin gagarumin nasarar Bulgarian, wanda ya haifar da watanni 16 na shiru a gaba kafin Yaƙin Doiran na Uku .

## Shirye-shiryen
A lokacin Chantilly_Conferences" id="mwGA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Chantilly Conferences">Taron na Biyu na Mai ba da shawara na Soja na Entente a Chantilly, an yanke shawarar ci gaba da yunkurin ci gaba. Aikin sojojin Entente a gaban Makidoniya shine a yi nasara a kan sojojin Bulgarian kuma a sami ci gaba a cikin Balkans a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Kwamandan Allied, wanda ke sa ran ƙarfafawa, ya shirya babban hari a kan hanyar Vardar da Doiran. A cikin 1917 an maye gurbin 2nd (Bulgarian) Thracian Infantry Division a Doiran da 9th Pleven Infantry Unit karkashin umurnin Colonel Vladimir Vazov .

## Hare-haren farko
A ranar 9 da 10 ga Fabrairu, Allies sun kai hari kan 33rd Svishtov da 34th Troyan Regiments amma an kori su ta hanyar gagarumin hari da Troyan Regiment. Ci gaban Burtaniya a ranar 21 ga Fabrairu ya kori bindigogi na Bulgarian bayan yaƙin kwana biyu.

Kwamandan Allied ya gano cewa matsayi na Bulgarian sun fi kyau fiye da shekarar da ta gabata, don haka ya ba da umarnin yin amfani da bindigogi a kan waɗannan tsaron. A halin yanzu, ya ci gaba da ci gaban filin da aka kafa, wanda ya kasance 800 - 1,500 m daga layin tsaro na Pleven Division. Don samun ci gaba, Birtaniya ta mayar da hankali ga ƙungiyoyi uku (Na 22, na 26, na 60), tare da bindigoginta - fiye da mutane 43,000, bindigogi 160, 110 da bindigogi 440. Manufar ba ta bambanta da yaƙin da aka yi a shekarar da ta gabata ba; babban bugun ya kasance a gaba na kilomita 5-6 zuwa Kalatepe.[1] –

Hasashen kwamandan Bulgarian na wani gagarumin hari na Allied ya tabbatar da shi ta hanyar leken asiri. An karfafa rundunar Pleven ta 9, tana da mutane 30,000, bindigogi 147, bindigogi 35, da bindigogi 130.

Dangane da umarnin Babban Kwamandan, an raba gaba zuwa yankuna uku tare da faɗin daban-daban: dama daga Kogin Vardar zuwa tsaunuka na Varovita tare da faɗakarwa na kilomita 13 Brigade na 1 ya kare shi (6 battalions tare da bindigogi 48, 12 mortars da 56 na'ura); tsakiya daga tsaunuka ta Varovita zuwa tsaunukan Karakho, 

## Matsayi na karewa

A cikin 1917 an kara inganta matsayi na tsaro na Bulgarian da garu. Ya haɗa da matsayi biyu na farko tare da layuka biyu na ci gaba da rami 1.5 - 2 mita zurfi, 200 zuwa 1000 m nesa kuma an haɗa shi da sassan don sadarwa. A gaban waɗannan matsayi akwai tsarin layi biyu na wutan lantarki. Tsakanin layuka na wuraren tsaro, an gina mafaka, gidajen bindigogi da batir da suka nutse. Bayan wadannan tsaron akwai tashoshin kankare, sansanonin bindigogi, da kuma dandamali na harsashi. Akwai ƙananan ganuwa a gaban matsayi na farko, tare da wani ɓangare na matsayi na biyu 2 - 5 km zuwa bayansa.

## Manazarta
Jack Nash (ɗan kasuwa)

**Jack Nash** (10 ga Afrilu, 1929 - 30 ga Yuli, 2008) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan ƙasar Jamus kuma mai saka hannun jari. Ya kasance shugaban Oppenheimer &amp;amp; Company kuma ya kafa jaridar *The New York Sun.*

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
A ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 1929, an haifi Nash a Berlin a matsayin Jack Nachtgeist ga iyayen Yahudawa. Labari ne na iyali cewa tun yana yaro, a lokacin wani gangamin Nazi, bai yi gaisuwar hannu ɗaya ba wadda ta nuna biyayya ga Reich .  Daga baya iyalan sun gudu daga Jamus ta Nazi kafin fara Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu .   Iyayensu sun tura Nash da 'yar uwarsa zuwa makarantar kwana ta Switzerland don kare lafiyarsu kafin daga baya su yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka. A can ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Stuyvesant da ke Manhattan, New York, kuma ya kammala karatunsa a Kwalejin City ta New York a 1953. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Sana'ar saka hannun jari
Nash ya shiga Oppenheimer & Company a shekarar 1951 kuma ya zama shugabanta a shekarar 1974. An zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban kamfanin a shekarar 1979. A shekarar 1982, shi da abokin hulɗar kasuwanci Leon Levy suka sayar da kamfanin kan dala miliyan 163, inda suka zuba jarin dala miliyan 50 don fara asusun hedge, Odyssey Partners. Nash kuma ya kafa The New York Sun kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa na American Stock Exchange a ƙarshen shekarun 1970.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Nash ya auri Helen Englander a shekarar 1957, 'yar'uwar mai zuba jari a fannin kuɗi, Israel Englander . Shi da matarsa sun ba da gudummawar miliyoyin kuɗi ga ƙungiyoyin agaji na Yahudawa da sauran al'adu da zamantakewa. Duk da cewa ba Orthodox ba ne, Nash ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar Aleph, wanda ya sadaukar da kansa don tallata ayyukan Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz . Helen Nash ta rubuta jerin littattafan girke-girke *na kosher* . Suna da 'ya'ya biyu, Joshua da Pamela, da jikoki shida. 

Nash ya mutu a ranar 30 ga Yuli, 2008, bayan doguwar rashin lafiya, a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Mount Sinai . 

## Gado da kyaututtuka
A shekarar 2008, an shigar da shi cikin ƙungiyar masu zuba jari ta Alpha's Hedge Fund Manager tare da Alfred Jones, Bruce Kovner, David Swensen, George Soros, James Simons, Julian Roberston, Kenneth Griffin, Leon Levy, Louis Bacon, Michael Steinhardt, Paul Tudor Jones, Seth Klarman da Steven A. Cohen . 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin tsofaffin ɗaliban Kwalejin City ta New York

## Manazarta