Fashewar bam a otal din Brighton

A ranar 12 ga Oktoba 1984 Sojojin Jamhuriyar Irish (IRA) sun yi ƙoƙari su kashe mambobin Gwamnatin Burtaniya, gami da Firayim Minista, Margaret Thatcher, a Grand Hotel a Brighton, Ingila. Mutane biyar sun mutu, ciki har da dan majalisa na Conservative Sir Anthony Berry; fiye da mutane talatin sun ji rauni. Thatcher bai ji rauni ba. Fashewar bam din ta kasance muhimmiyar lokaci a cikin Matsalar, rikici a Arewacin Ireland tsakanin iyyar Republican game da matsayin tsarin mulki na Arewacin Ireland, wanda ya faru tsakanin ƙarshen shekarun 1960 zuwa 1998.

IRA ta yanke shawarar kashe Thatcher a lokacin yajin aikin yunwa na Irish na 1981. Matsayinta game da dawowar Matsayi na Musamman ga fursunonin jamhuriya - matsayin da ke nufin an bi da su a matsayin fursunonin siyasa, maimakon masu laifi - yana nufin ba a warware yajin aikin da sauri ba, kuma fursunoni goma sun mutu. Bayan shekaru biyu na tsarawa, gami da sake dubawa a Taron Jam'iyyar Conservative na 1982 da 1983, memba na IRA Patrick Magee ya dasa bam mai tsawo a otal ɗin fiye da makonni uku kafin taron 1984. IRA ta san cewa Thatcher da yawancin ma'aikatanta za su mamaye otal ɗin.

Bam din ya fashe da karfe 2:54 na safe lokacin da yawancin baƙi ke kwance. Ƙarfin fashewar ya tashi sama kuma ya fashe ta rufin, ya fitar da ɗaya daga cikin ɗakunan bututun otal ɗin, wanda ya auna tan biyar masu tsawo (5.1 . Wannan ya fadi a kan bene da yawa, ya kashe ko ya ji wa yawancin mazauna rauni. Thatcher ta yanke shawarar ci gaba da taron kamar yadda ya saba, kuma wakilai sun ba ta yabo yayin da ta shiga mataki sa'o'i shida da rabi bayan fashewar.&nbsp;

The investigation took eight months. A partial palm print was found on the room registration card from when Magee checked in and police surveillance on IRA members led them to him. In 1986 he was tried, found guilty and sent to prison for eight concurrent life sentences, with the recommendation that he serve at least thirty-five years before being considered for parole. He was released under licence in June 1999 as part of the Good Friday Agreement. Negotiations between the British and Irish governments that had begun in 1980 continued despite the bombing, although the pace of the talks was slowed to ensure it did not appear that the British government was conceding to pressure because of the bomb. They resulted in the 1985 Anglo-Irish Agreement, which gave the Irish government an advisory role in Northern Ireland's government.

## Tarihi

### Matsalar a ƙarshen 1970s da 1980s
Matsalar ita ce rikici a Arewacin Ireland wanda ya fara a ƙarshen shekarun 1960 tsakanin yawancin masu haɗin gwiwa da 'yan tsiraru na jamhuriya.  'Yan ƙungiyar - wanda aka fi sani da masu biyayya - suna son Arewacin Ireland ta kasance a cikin Burtaniya; 'yan Jamhuriyar Irish suna son Arewacen Ireland ta bar Burtaniya kuma ta shiga Ireland mai haɗin kai. A cewar masanin kimiyyar siyasa Stephen Kelly, abubuwan da suka faru guda hudu sun shafi tsarin da manufofi ga Arewacin Ireland na Margaret Thatcher, shugaban adawa sannan kuma Firayim Minista: kisan Airy Neave; kisan Lord Mountbatten da kwanton bauna na Warrenpoint, wanda ya faru a wannan rana; da kuma yajin aikin yunwa na Irish na 1981. 

A watan Maris na shekara ta 1979 Sojojin 'yancin ƙasar Irish sun kashe Neave, sakataren jihar inuwa na Arewacin Ireland, a wani harin bam na mota a Fadar Westminster. Neave aboki ce kuma mai ba da shawara ga Thatcher, wanda mai ba da labarinta Jonathan Aitken ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mai hankali tare da firgici" a labarin mutuwarsa.

A ranar 27 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1979 - kasa da watanni hudu bayan Thatcher ya zama Firayim Minista - An kashe Mountbatten da bam a kan jirgin kamun kifi, a bakin tekun Mullaghmore, County Sligo, a Jamhuriyar Irish. Sojojin Jamhuriyar Irish (IRA) ne suka dasa na'urar. A wannan rana, IRA ta kuma kashe sojoji goma sha takwas na Burtaniya a kusa da Warrenpoint, tare da bama-bamai biyu - mafi yawan mutuwar da Sojojin Burtaniya suka sha a cikin wani abin da ya faru a lokacin Matsalar.

A watan Maris na shekara ta 1981 Bobby Sands, memba na IRA wanda aka daure shi a gidan yarin Maze, Arewacin Ireland, ya shiga yajin aikin yunwa don dawo da Yanayin Musamman (SCS) ga fursunoni. SCS ya haɗa da bi da waɗannan fursunoni a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban, mafi kyau, tare da matsayin fursunonin siyasa maimakon masu laifi. Ya haɗa da rashin sa tufafin kurkuku da kuma iya yin tarayya da sauran fursunoni.[14]  Yayin da yake yajin aikin yunwa, Sands ya tsaya a zaben Fermanagh da Kudancin Tyrone kuma ya ci nasara. Thatcher ya kasance ba tare da wani motsi ba game da ba da izini na Musamman kuma ya ce "Ba za a iya samun wata tambaya game da matsayin siyasa ga wanda ke yin hukunci don aikata laifuka. Laifi laifi ne laifi: ba siyasa bane, laifi ne, kuma babu wata tambaya game na ba da matsayin siyasa". Mutane goma sun mutu daga yunwa kafin yajin aikin ya ƙare. Sands shine na farko da ya mutu, wanda ya yi a ranar 5 ga Mayu 1981, bayan kwanaki 66 na yunwa; mutuwarsa ta haifar da tashin hankali a yankunan jamhuriya na Arewacin Ireland.

Saboda yajin aikin yunwa da mutuwar wadanda ke da hannu, 'yan Republican na Irish sun zagi Thatcher.[1] A cewar masanin kimiyyar siyasa Richard English, Thatcher ya kasance "wani dan jam'iyyar Republican na ƙiyayya na Cromwellian".[1] Ingilishi ya nuna a matsayin misalai magana game da Thatcher daga memba na IRA Danny Morrison: "wannan marasa ilimi, mai adalci da kansa" da kuma "babban ɗan adam da muka taɓa sani".[1] Saboda matsayinta na mai tsayin daka kuma saboda sun dauke ta da alhakin mutuwar masu yajin aikin yunwa, jagorancin IRA sun yanke shawarar kokarin kashe ta kafin yajin aikin jin yunwa ya ƙare.[1][1]

##### Manazarta