Sakin methane na Arctic

**Fitar da methane na Arctic** yana ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar adadin methane a cikin yanayi . Duk da yake yankin Arctic yana daya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin samar da iskar gas na methane, a zamanin yau kuma akwai bangaren dan Adam saboda tasirin canjin yanayi .  A cikin Arctic, babban tushen methane da ɗan adam ke da tasiri shine narke permafrost, narkewar ƙanƙara a tekun Arctic, rushewar clathrate da narkewar kankara na Greenland . Wannan sakin methane yana haifar da kyakkyawan ra'ayi game da canjin yanayi (ma'ana wanda ke haɓaka dumamar yanayi), kamar yadda methane iskar gas ce mai ƙarfi.  Lokacin da permafrost ya narke saboda dumamar yanayi, babban adadin kayan halitta zai iya samuwa don methanogenesis kuma saboda haka ana iya sake shi azaman methane. 

Tun daga shekara ta 2018, an sami karuwa a cikin matakan methane na duniya a cikin yanayi, tare da karuwar 2020 na sassa 15.06 a kowace biliyan ya karya karuwar rikodin da ya gabata na 14.05 ppb da aka saita a 1991, da kuma 2021 yana saita karuwar 18.34 ppb. Koyaya, a halin yanzu babu wata shaida da ke haɗa Arctic da wannan hanzarin kwanan nan. A zahiri, binciken 2021 ya nuna cewa gudummawar methane daga Arctic an wuce gona da iri, yayin da gudummawar yankuna masu zafi ba a kimanta su ba.

Duk da haka, rawar da Arctic ke takawa a cikin yanayin methane na duniya ana ganin zai iya ƙaruwa a nan gaba. Akwai shaidu don karuwar hayakin methane tun daga shekara ta 2004 daga wani shafin Siberian permafrost zuwa cikin yanayi da ke da alaƙa da dumama.

## Ka'idoji da hanyoyin da aka lura

An sabunta bayanan shekara-shekara na NOAA don yawan methane a cikin yanayi tun 1984. Sun nuna ci gaba mai yawa a cikin shekarun 1980, raguwa a cikin ci gaban shekara-shekara a cikin shekarun 1990, tudu (ciki har da wasu shekaru na raguwar yanayin yanayi) a farkon shekarun 2000 da kuma wani karuwa mai daidaituwa tun daga 2007. Tun daga shekara ta 2018, an sami karuwar shekara-shekara a matakan methane na duniya, tare da karuwar 2020 na sassa 15.06 a kowace biliyan ya karya karuwar rikodin da ya gabata na 14.05 ppb da aka kafa a 1991, da kuma 2021 wanda ya saita karuwar 18.34 ppb.

Saboda ɗan gajeren rayuwar methane na yanayi (shekaru 7-12 idan aka kwatanta da shekaru 100 na CO2 ) yanayin duniya ya fi rikitarwa fiye da na carbon dioxide.

### Kwatanta ma'aunin yanayi na Arctic da Antarctic
Matsakaicin methane na yanayi ya fi girma a cikin Arctic fiye da yanayin Antarctic. A lokacin sanyi na kankara, wannan gradient yana raguwa zuwa matakan da ba su da mahimmanci. Ana tunanin yanayin halittu na ƙasa sune manyan tushen wannan asymmetry, kodayake an ba da shawarar a cikin 2007 cewa "aikin Tekun Arctic an yi la'akari da shi sosai. "  Yanayin zafi da matakan danshi suna da mahimman canji a cikin yaduwar methane a cikin yanayin tundra. 

## Tushen methane a cikin Arctic
Ana adana adadi mai yawa na methane a cikin Arctic a cikin ma'adinan iskar gas, permafrost, da kuma clathrates na karkashin teku. Permafrost da clathrates suna raguwa a kan dumamar yanayi,  don haka manyan fitowar methane daga waɗannan tushe na iya tasowa sakamakon ɗumamar yanayi.    Sauran hanyoyin samar da methane sun hada da taliks na karkashin ruwa, jigilar kogi, matsugunin kankara, permafrost na karkashin ruwa da kuma gurbacewar iskar gas hydrate.  Permafrost ya ƙunshi kusan ninki biyu na carbon kamar yanayin yanayi,  tare da ~ 20 Gt na methane mai alaƙa da permafrost wanda aka kama a cikin methane clathrates .  Permafrost narke yana haifar da samuwar tafkunan thermokarst a cikin ma'adinan yedoma mai arzikin kankara.  Methane daskararre a cikin permafrost ana fitar da shi sannu a hankali kamar yadda permafrost ya narke. 

## Manazarta