Yanayin Memphis, Tennessee

**Birnin [[Tennessee]]" id="mwDw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Memphis, [[Tennessee]]">Memphis** yana kan gabashin Mississippi_River" id="mwEA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Mississippi River">Kogin Mississippi a kusurwar kudu maso yammacin jihar Tennessee ta Amurka. Shi ne cibiyar yanki na yanki uku na Arkansas, Mississippi da Tennessee.

Gundumar Shelby tana kan ruwa huɗu na halitta, ɗaya daga cikinsu an san shi da "Memphis sand aquifer" ko kuma kawai a matsayin "Memphus aquifer". Wannan tushen ruwa na musamman an bayyana shi yana dauke da fiye da lita biliyan 100 (3 km3) na ruwa.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Memphis tana da yanayi mai zafi, tare da yanayi daban-daban guda huɗu. Watanni na rani suna ci gaba da zafi da zafi saboda danshi da ke shigowa daga Tekun Mexico.

## Yanayin ƙasa
Memphis is located in southwestern Tennessee at . The city sits on the eastern bank of the Mississippi River at the site of the 4th Chickasaw Bluff, just south of the mouth of the Wolf River. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which  is land and , or 5.24%, is water.

### Yanayin birni

Birnin Memphis Cibiyar yanki ce ta yanki uku na Arkansas, Mississippi da Tennessee. Cibiyar birni tana kan kogin Mississippi a shafin farko na ƙauyuka.

Interstate 40 ya shiga birnin daga arewa maso gabas, da madaukai sama da tsakiyar birnin, yana fita daga kogin Mississippi da tafiya zuwa yamma.  Interstate 55 yana kusanci birnin daga kudu kuma yana haɗawa da Interstate 240 wanda, tare da I-40, ya haifar da Inner Beltway.  Interstate 269 shine Memphis' Outer Beltway, yana tafiya daga Millington zuwa Hernando ta Arlington, Collierville, Piperton, da Byhalia.  Bayan kammalawa, Interstate 69 za ta shiga Memphis daga Southaven tare da I-55.  Za ta ci gaba da arewa a kan I-240 sannan kuma zuwa I-40, inda za ta yi reshe a SR-300 don ci gaba da arewa zuwa Dyersburg.  Interstate 22 daga ƙarshe za ta yi tafiya tare da US-78 daga Birmingham zuwa kusa da Memphis kuma ana sa ran za a kira suna wani lokaci a cikin 2015.

Hanyar Amurka ta 72 ta bar birnin tana tafiya zuwa kudu maso gabas. Yankin yammacin babbar Hanyar Amurka ta 78 ta fara ne a Memphis a kan Martin Luther King, Jr. Avenue a tsakiya na 2nd Street. Yayin da yake barin Memphis, US 78 ya bi Lamar Avenue, wanda aka fi sani da Pidgeon Roost Road don nestings na kurciya fasinjoji da suka kasance a kusa. Ƙarshen gabas na Hanyar Amurka ta 78 ta ƙare a Charleston, South Carolina.

### Gine-gine mafi tsawo

### Yankin Yanayi na Yanzu
Memphis ta fadada iyakokinta na birni sau da yawa a cikin rabin karni da ya gabata saboda haɗuwa. Yankunan yanzu (kamar Disamba 2012) kamar haka:

* Kogin Mississippi a matsayin iyakar yamma.
* Kogin Loosahatchie, Hanyar Raleigh-Millington zuwa Hanyar Masar-Tsakiya, sannan iyaka da Bartlett, Tennessee, Lakeland, Tennessee, da Arlington, Tennessee a matsayin iyakar arewa zuwa Fayette County, layin Tennessee.
* Layin rabin mil a kudu da Hanyar Amurka ta 64, zuwa Hanyar Berryhill, Hanyar Macon, Hanyar Rocky Point, Hanyar Walnut Grove zuwa gabashin Hanyar Forest Hill-Irene, kudu zuwa Kogin Wolf kuma yana bin iyakar Germantown, Tennessee a matsayin iyakar gabas.
* Layin da ba daidai ba ciki har da kuma gudana a gabashin filin wasan golf na Southwind (duba ƙasa), zuwa Nonconnah Creek, Germantown Road, Shelby Drive, Riverdale Road, Holmes Road, Crumpler Road, zuwa layin Jihar Mississippi da ke gudana zuwa kogi a matsayin iyakar kudu.

Yankin da ke cikin waɗannan iyakokin da birnin Memphis bai haɗa su ba unguwa ce da aka sani da yankin Bridgewater, wanda ke da iyaka da I-40 zuwa arewa, Germantown Parkway zuwa gabas, Shelby Farms zuwa kudu da Whitten Road zuwa yamma. Memphis ta yi ƙoƙari ta haɗa wannan yanki a tsakiyar 2000s amma ta dakatar da shi saboda rashin iyawa don shiga cikin yankin.

Bisa ga dokar Tennessee, ana buƙatar kowace yanki don saita iyakokin ci gaban birane don biranenta.  Saboda wannan, Memphis (tare da kowane yanki) yana da abin da aka sani da ajiyar haɗewa wanda ke bayyana iyakokin birni na ƙarshe.  Wannan ajiyar ajiyar ta hada da wani yanki tsakanin Kogin Big Creek Drainage Canal har zuwa iyakar kudu na Millington, Tennessee da iyakar Bartlett na yamma, yanki tsakanin Lakeland, Arlington, Fayette County, da Collierville, Tennessee, sannan wani karamin yanki na kudu da yankin Southwind da aka ambata a sama.

### Sashe da kewayen
Babban birnin Memphis yana da manyan gundumomi biyar, tare da ƙananan gundumomi da ke cikin iyakokinsu. Wadannan sune Downtown, Midtown, North Memphis, South Memphis, da East Memphis. A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, birnin ya kara fadada ta hanyar Haɗuwa yankunan da ke kusa, don haka waɗannan sunayen na iya zama ɗan yaudara ga waɗanda ba su saba da yankin ba.

**Sashe da unguwa**:

## Ilimin ƙasa
Memphis yana cikin Ofishin Jakadancin Mississippi, yanki da ya ƙunshi yashi mara ƙarfi, silt, yumbu da tsakuwa.  Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, Downtown Memphis yana zaune akan 4th Chickasaw Bluff.  Waɗannan ɓangarorin sun ƙunshi silt ɗin iska, ko loess.  Mafi girman wurin wannan bluff yana kudu da cikin gari, yana ɗan rasa tsayin daka zuwa arewa yana gabatowa Tsibirin Mud da Kogin Wolf.  Wannan silsilar da ke hura iska a hankali tana raguwa da kauri yayin da mutum ke tafiya zuwa gabas.  Yankunan da ke gabashin birnin sun fara ganin yashi da tsakuwa, waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin wannan laka. 

Manyan hanyoyin ruwa guda uku sun ratsa Memphis.  Nonconnah Creek yana magudana kudancin birnin, kogin Wolf ya malala tsakiyar birnin, kuma kogin Looshatchie ya kwashe yankin arewacin birnin, wanda kuma ya samar da mafi yawan iyakokin arewacin birnin.  Kamar yadda aka saba da yawancin hanyoyin ruwa a cikin Yammacin Tennessee, waɗannan hanyoyin ruwa da magudanan ruwa sun kasance a cikin ƙarni na 20.  Yawancin magudanan ruwa da ke tsakiyar Memphis an yi musu siminti ko kuma an rufe su cikin magudanan ruwa.  Manyan magudanan ruwa kuma suna da faffadan filayen ambaliya.  Ƙananan raƙuman ruwa suna samuwa a tsakanin waɗannan hanyoyin ruwa, ɗaya daga cikinsu yana bin hanyar Poplar kuma wani yana wucewa ta cikin yankunan Frayser da Raleigh.. 

Kasancewa a Yammacin Tennessee da kuma Embayment na Mississippi, wanda gadon dutsen ƙasa ya kai dubunnan ƙafar ƙasa, taimako na topographic bai kai na sauran Tennessee ba, amma saboda iska mai ƙarfi da zaizayar ƙasa ko da yake Layer, ana iya samun wasu wurare na ɗan tudu amma ƙananan tuddai a cikin birni.  Ana iya samun mafi ƙasƙanci mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin Memphis a kogin Mississippi a kusurwar kudu maso yammacin birnin a kusa da 178 (kuma mafi ƙasƙanci na Tennessee da kusurwar kudu maso yammacin jihar), wanda ya bambanta akan matakin kogin.  Mafi girman yanayin birni yana kusa da ƙafa 400-410 dangane da taswirar quadrangle na USGS kuma yana kudu da titin Holmes, gabas da Titin Tchulahoma, yamma da titin Getwell, da arewacin layin jihar. 

### Ruwa
Memphis da Shelby County suna kan ruwa huɗu na halitta, ɗaya daga cikinsu an san shi da "Memphis sand aquifer" ko kuma kawai a matsayin "Memphes aquifer". Wannan tushen ruwa, wanda ke da kimanin 3 zuwa 1100 ft (100 - 330 m) a karkashin kasa, an bayyana shi yana dauke da fiye da lita tiriliyan 100 (380 km3) na ruwa ta hanyar Memphis Light, Gas, da Ruwa, wanda ke zanawa, tabbatar da tsabta na, kuma yana rarraba ruwa ga abokan ciniki sama da 250,000.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Bugu da ƙari, a cikin lokacin tun lokacin da aka buga rijiyar a cikin 1887, ruwa ya sauko kawai   , yana ba da shawarar tushen ruwa mai aminci a Memphis na shekaru masu zuwa.

Yawancin Memphians sun gane wannan a matsayin tushen ruwa na farko, kuma suna alfahari da yankin da mallakar ruwa. Wannan ya haɗa da kare shi daga gurɓataccen abu, kamar yadda ya faru a cikin 2021 tare da zanga-zangar Byhalia Pipeline. Ruwa na Memphis yana da taushi, ƙarancin ma'adinai, kuma ba shi da abubuwa masu guba.

## Yanayi
Memphis tana da yanayi mai zafi (Köppen *Cfa*), tare da yanayi huɗu daban-daban, kuma tana cikin USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 8,  idan aka kwatanta da mafi yawan jihar, wanda ke cikin Zone 7. A tarihi, Afrilu shine watan da ke da mafi yawan guguwa, kodayake guguwa ta faru a kowane wata na shekara. Memphis yana da rana kusan kashi 65% na lokacin, tare da kashi na kowane wata mai yiwuwa hasken rana daga kashi 50% a watan Disamba zuwa kashi 74% a watan Yuni zuwa watan Agusta. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara na yau da kullun shine  ° F (17.2 ° C); shekarar da ta fi sanyi ita ce 1917 tare da matsakaicin  ° F (15.3 ° C), yayin da mafi zafi 2012 a  ° F (18.8 ° C).  Ruwan sama yana da matsakaicin  in (1,363  a kowace shekara, yana faɗuwa a cikin kwanaki 108, tare da ɗan kwanciyar hankali daga Agusta zuwa Oktoba; a tarihi, ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya kasance daga  in (849  a 1916 zuwa  in (1,952  .

### Lokacin bazara
Lokacin bazara sau da yawa yana farawa a ƙarshen Fabrairu ko farkon Maris, bayan farawar dumi mai tsanani. Wannan lokacin " data-ve-ignore="">km/h)  an san shi da "lokacin yanayi mai tsanani" saboda yawan guguwa, ƙanƙara, da tsawa da ke samar da iskõki sama da mil 58 a kowace awa (93 km / h). Matsakaicin ruwan sama ya ɗan fi girma a kowane watanni na bazara ya wuce 5 in (127 , yana mai da shi lokacin da ya fi ruwan sama, amma yanayin zafi na dangi yana mafi ƙasƙanci. Matsakaicin daskarewa na ƙarshe na bazara ya faɗi a ranar 19 ga Maris, yayin da za'a iya sa ran  °  farko (32 ° C) + mai girma a ranar 23 ga Mayu.

### Lokacin bazara
Watanni na rani (ƙarshen Mayu zuwa ƙarshen Satumba) suna mamaye yanayin zafi tsakanin 68 da 95 ° F (20 da 35 ° C), da kuma danshi saboda danshi da ke shigowa daga Tekun Mexico. Hadari na rana yana faruwa akai-akai a wasu lokacin bazara, amma yawanci takaice, ba ya wuce awa daya. A matsakaita, a kowace shekara akwai kwanaki 70 na  ° F (32 ° C) + highs, da kuma kwanaki 2.7 na  ° F (38 ° C) + highs.  Mafi girman zafin jiki da aka rubuta ya kasance  ° F (42 ° C) a ranar 13 ga Yuli, 1980; mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki shine  ° F (29 ° C), wanda ya faru kwanan nan a ranar 3 ga Agusta, 2010.  Watan da ya fi zafi a rubuce shi ne Yuli 1980 tare da matsakaicin yau da kullun na  ° F (31.6 ° C), amma kamar yadda aka auna ta hanyar matsakaicin zafin jiki na kowane wata, Agusta 2007 shine mafi zafi .9 ° F (37.2 ° C).

### Lokacin kaka
Farkon kaka yana ganin ɗan raguwa a cikin matakan zafi, amma yanayin rana ya kasance mai dumi har zuwa ƙarshen Oktoba. Rashin sanyi na ɗan lokaci amma na ɗan gajeren lokaci ya zama ruwan dare. Late Autumn yana da ruwan sama kuma ya fi sanyi, tare da Disamba a matsakaita yana yin rikodin mafi yawan ruwan sama na kowane wata. Fure-fure na fall ya zama mai ƙarfi musamman bayan sanyi na farko, yawanci Nuwamba, kuma yana ci gaba har zuwa farkon Disamba. Matsakaicin  ° F (32 ° C) + mafi girma na lokacin zafi ya faɗi a ranar 22 ga Satumba, yayin da matsakaicin sanyi na farko na kaka ya faɗi a kan Nuwamba 14, yana samar da lokacin girma na kwanaki 240.

### Lokacin hunturu
Lokacin hunturu yana da sauƙi, amma sanyi zai iya faruwa; a matsakaita akwai kwanaki 47 a kowace shekara tare da ƙarancin sanyi ko ƙasa da daskarewa, da kwanaki 4.7 tare da babban a ko ƙasa da sanyi. Rubuce-rubucen ƙarancin zafin jiki na hukuma ya kasance -13 ° F (-25 ° C), wanda ya faru a ranar 24 ga Disamba, 19, yayin da mafi ƙarancin yawan zafin jiki a yau da kullun a rikodin shine 6 ° F (-14 ° C) a ranar 10 ga Janairu, 1962; watan da ya fi sanyi a rikodin shi ne Janairu 1918 tare da matsakaicin  ° F (-2.4 ° C). Koyaya, daga Disamba zuwa Fabrairu, akwai matsakaicin kwanaki 6.3 na  ° F (21 ° C) + highs. Snowfall ba shi da yawa amma yana faruwa a mafi yawan hunturu, tare da matsakaicin yanayi na  in (9.7  a filin jirgin sama. Snowfall ya kasance daga sifili a cikin hunturu uku a jere wanda ya ƙare a 1947−48 zuwa  in (64  a 1917−18. Kodayake Maris wata ce ta sauyawa, mafi girman dusar ƙanƙara ta yau da kullun ya kasance  in (46  a ranar 17 ga Maris, 1892.  Mafi mahimmancin dusar ƙanƙara a cikin shekaru da yawa ya faɗi a ranar 8 ga Maris, 2008 lokacin da inci 7 ya rufe birnin. Duk da yake yanayi mai tsanani ya fi yawa a lokacin bazara, sanannen yanayi mai tsanani yana faruwa a cikin hunturu. A ranar 5 ga Fabrairu, 2008 wata guguwa ta kashe 3 a Memphis a lokacin Farkawar guguwar Super Talata ta 2008.

## Alamomi

* 35°09′11′′N 90°03′53′′W / 35.15310°N 90.06466°W / 35.-15310; -90.06466 (Hernando de Soto Bridge) - Hernando de Sotu Bridge (I-40) 
* 35°09′08′′N 90°02′40′′W / 35.15236°N 90.04456°W / 35.25236; -90.04456 (St. Jude Children's Research Hospital) - St. Jude Children-Binciken AsibitinAsibitin Binciken Yara na St. Jude
* 35°08′52′′N 90°03′06′′W / 35.14783°N 90.05163°W / 35.17783; -90.05163 (100 North Main Street, Mafi Girma a Memphis) - 100 North Main Street.
* 35°08′22′′N 90°03′06′′W / 35.13956°N 90.05165°W / 35.-13956; -90.05165 (Cibiyar Baƙi ta Beale Street) - Cibiyar Baƙi taBeale Street
* 35°08′20′′N 90°02′15′′W / 35.13900°N 90.03759°W / 35.-13900; -90.03759 (Sun Studio) - Sun Studio
* 35°08′03′′N 90°03′28′′W / 35.13426°N 90.05772°W / 35.-13426; -90.05772 (Lorraine Motel) - Lorraine MotelMotel na Lorraine
* 35°07′23′′N 90°04′31′′W / 35.12312°N 90.07532°W / 35.12512; -90.07532 (National Ornamental Metal Museum) - National Ornamental metal MuseumGidan Tarihi na Ƙarfe na Kasa
* 35°02′51′′N 90°01′29′′W / 35.04750°N 90.02486°W / 35. 04750; -90.02486 (Graceland Mansion) - Graceland Mansión
* 35°8′2′′N 90°3′45′′W / 35.13389°N 90.06250°W / 35.-13389; -90.06250 (Tennessee Brewery) - Tennessee BreweryGidan giya na Tennessee
* 35°07'33.5"N 89°57'35.6"W -- Gidan Tarihi na Fadar Pink na Memphis