Cyrus Byington

**Cyrus Byington** (Maris 11, 1793 - Disamba 31, 1868) ya kasance Kirista ne na Amurka daga Massachusetts wanda ya fara aiki tare da Choctaw a Mississippi a 1821. Kodayake an horar da shi a matsayin lauya, ya bar doka a matsayin aiki kuma ya zama minista da ke da alaƙa da Kwamitin Kwamishinonin Amurka na Ayyukan Kasashen Waje. A wannan lokacin ya koyi yaren Choctaw, wanda ba a rubuta shi ba. Ya kuma fara haɓaka rubutun Choctaw.

Bayan da gwamnatin Amurka ta fara aiwatar da manufofinta na Cire Indiya don sake dawo da 'yan asalin ƙasarsu a jihohin Kudu maso Gabas zuwa Yankin Indiya, daga baya ake kira Oklahoma, a cikin karni na 19, a cikin 1835, Byington da iyalinsa sun koma sabuwar ƙasar Choctaw kuma sun kafa manufa kusa da Eagletown.  Ya nemi gina ƙamus da haɓaka wasu kayan aikin harshe don yaren Choctaw don fassara addu'o'in Kirista, waƙoƙi, da sassan Littafi Mai-Tsarki. Ayyukan Byington an dauke su daya daga cikin cikakkun ƙamus don yaren 'Yan asalin Amurka. Ya yi aiki kusan shekaru 50 yana fassara Choctaw a matsayin harshen rubutu.

## Iyali
Cyrus ya sadu da Sophia Nye (1800-1880), 'yar wata iyali mai wadata da ke zaune a Marietta, Ohio, a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1827. Kasa da mako guda bayan ganawarsu, ya ba ta shawarar aure (wanda a bayyane yake ba ta yarda da shi nan da nan ba), sannan ya tafi yawon shakatawa. A lokacin da suka rabu, ya rubuta mata wasiƙu masu sha'awa, yana tambayar ta sake auren shi kuma ta raka shi zuwa Mississippi, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin minista ga Choctaws. Harafin a bayyane yake yana da rinjaye, domin ma'auratan sun yi aure a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1827 kuma sun fara haɗin gwiwar rayuwarsu ba da daɗewa ba.

Iyalin Byington suna da saukin kamuwa da cututtukan gida a farkon lokacin da suke aiki a Eagletown. Cyrus da matarsa duk sun yi rashin lafiya sau da yawa. 'Yar'uwar Cyrus ta shiga aikin a 1839, amma ta mutu daga rashin lafiya bayan 'yan makonni. Ɗansu na fari ya mutu a 1840, yana da shekara goma sha ɗaya, yayin da ƙaramin ɗansu ya mutu a 1846 yana da shekara biyu da rabi.

## Ayyuka
Cyrus Byington ya shafe yawancin rayuwarsa a Eagletown. Kamar yawancin 'yan mishaneri, ya damu game da rikice-rikice tsakanin shugabannin cocinsa, waɗanda suka yi tsayayya da bautar, da mabiyansa na Choctaw, waɗanda iyalansu masu mallakar bayi ne. Tattaunawar game da bautar ta kara tsanantawa a cikin shekarun 1850. Masu tallafawa ayyukan, kamar ABCFM, sun bukaci masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje su yi magana game da bautar. Koyaya, gwamnatin Choctaw Nation ta yi barazanar fitar da duk wanda ya yi hakan. Lokacin da masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje suka bayyana cewa za su kasance, masu tallafawa sun yanke tallafin kuɗi. Byington ya ruwaito cewa wannan gogewa "kamar mutuwa" Byington ya kasance a matsayinsa. Ya buga Choctaw Definer, wanda ya ƙunshi kalmomin Ingilishi da kwatankwacin Choctaw, a cikin 1852 amma ba a buga Grammar da Dictionary ba har sai bayan mutuwarsa. A halin yanzu ya ci gaba da aikinsa na mishan na yau da kullun da aikin likita. Byington yana sa ran ci gaba da aiki a aikin bayan ƙarshen yakin basasa. Koyaya, ya yi rashin lafiya sosai, cewa mutane a aikin sun ji tsoron cewa yana gab da mutuwa. Ɗansa wanda ya tsira, Cyrus N., ya kawo karusa  ya kai shi Little Rock, kilomita 200 (320) daga nesa, don ya iya tafiya ta jirgin ruwa, inda zai iya zama tare da 'yarsa da ta yi aure yanzu. Ya kamu da kyanda a lokacin tafiya kuma an keɓe shi na wata guda bayan ya isa Ohio. Matarsa, wacce ta kasance mai kula da aikin Eagleton yayin da take jiran isowar sabon mai wa'azi a ƙasashen waje, a ƙarshe ta koma Cyrus a cikin bazara na 1867. 

## Mutuwa da gado
Ta wata hanya, Byington ya kammala fassarar littattafai biyar na farko na Littafi Mai-Tsarki zuwa Choctaw kuma da kansa ya kawo su ga mai bugawa a Birnin New York. Ya koma Ohio a cikin bazara na 1868, kuma ya ci gaba da aiki a kan bugu na 7 na Choctaw Grammar . Har yanzu yana aiki a kan wannan lokacin da ya mutu a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 1868. Ba za a iya buga littafin harshe ba har zuwa 1871, amma wasu sun yi kwafin da aka rubuta da hannu don masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje su yi amfani da su a halin yanzu.

## manazarta