Zainal Abidin na Ternate

**Zainal Abidin** (Jawi); an haife shi a  **Tidore Wonge** (تدوري وڠي) ko **Gapi Buta**) shi ne mai mulki na 18 ko 19 na Ternate Sultanate na Maluku, wanda ke cikin wata masarauta ne da take a   Indonesia ta zamani.    An bayyana rayuwarsa ne kawai a cikin tushe daga karni na 16 ko daga baya. A cewar wadannan kafofin shi ne mai mulkin farko na Ternate da ya yi amfani da taken Sultan maimakon *Kolano*, ko sarki, kuma ya aiwatar da canje-canje da yawa a cikin gwamnati, bisa ga Dokar Musulunci, ta hanyar canza Ternate zuwa mulkin Musulunci.

## Tidore Wonge da yarima musulmiyar Javanese
Ya zuwa yanzu an ba da labarin mafi tsufa a cikin rubutun Portuguese daga c. 1544, A treatise on the Moluccas . Ya ce Musulunci ya zo Maluku kimanin shekaru 80-90 da suka gabata, wanda Malay, Javanese da sauran 'yan kasuwa suka kawo. Tare da su sun zo wata mace musulma Javanese mai girma wacce daga baya ta auri Sarkin Ternate, Tidore Wonge . Daga nan ne aka tuba sarki saboda ita. Wani nau'i daban-daban da wannan rubutun ya bayar ya ce Tidore Wonge, wanda kwanan nan ya yarda da Islama, ya yi tafiya zuwa Melaka da Java don ya koyi game da ƙasashen waje kuma ya tabbatar da makomarsa. A kan tafiyarsa ta dawowa ya auri yarima Javanese wanda tasirinsa ya shirya hanya ga sabon addini. Bayan mutuwarsa, Tidore Wongi ya gaji dansa Abu Lais (Bayan Sirrullah) . 

Malay Annals, wanda ke ba da labarin tarihin Melaka Sultanate, ya kuma ba da labarin wani Raja na Maluku wanda ya yi tafiya zuwa yamma. Ya isa Melaka a lokacin mulkin Sultan Alauddin Riayat Syah (r. 1477-1488) kuma ya girmama shi. A sakamakon haka an ba shi riguna na girmamawa da sauran kyaututtuka masu dacewa. Raja Maluku gwani ne a kan kwallon kafa na Malay (sepak raga) kuma ya yi wasa tare da matasa masu daraja na masarautar. Har ila yau, mutum ne mai ƙarfi sosai, saboda zai iya yanke ta hanyar dabino mai girma tare da bugun takobinsa guda ɗaya. Ya kasance daga cikin wadanda Sultan Alauddin ya fi so kuma ya koma kasarsa bayan ziyarar da ya samu nasara. Wataƙila Raja Maluku yana nufin mai mulkin Ternate.

## Fassarar Valentijn da ''Hikayat Tanah Hitu''
A cewar mafi kyawun fassarar da François Valentijn ya yi (1724) Sultan na gaba shi ne ɗan Kolano Ternate" Marhum, sarki na goma sha takwas na Ternate. Sauran tarihin sun ce mahaifinsa shine mai mulki na goma sha bakwai Gapi Baguna II (Ngolo-ma-Caya) yayin da mahaifiyarsa mace ce daga Tsibirin Sula . Valentijn ya nuna cewa Marhum shine na farko da aka rubuta ya tuba zuwa Islama, kuma saboda haka ya ba saurayi ilimin Islama. A karkashin mulkin Marhum, wani dan kasuwa da kuma malamin addinin addinin Musulunci daga Java mai suna Dato Maulana Hussein ne ya yi wa'azi wanda ya ba da mamaki ga mutanen Ternatans da ba su da ilimi da ƙwarewarsa na karatu. Wasu hadisai, ciki har da tsohuwar tarihin *Hikayat Tanah Hitu* na Rijali (an rubuta kafin 1657 kuma daga baya aka sake sabunta shi), duk da haka suna riƙe da cewa Zainal Abidin da kansa ya fara tuba zuwa sabon addini. *Hikayat* ya ba da labarin cewa wani yarima da mishan daga Samudra Pasai a Sumatra, Mahadum da suna, ya yi tafiya zuwa Maluku ta hanyar Melaka da Java, ya sami nasarar juyar da sarakunan Jailolo, Tidore da Ternate bi da bi. Mahadum ya zauna a Ternate kuma ya mutu a can, ɗansa ya auri 'yar Zainal Abidin. Valentijn ya ba da shekarun mulkin Zainal Abidin a matsayin 1486-1500, kodayake ba a san abin da wannan ya dogara ba. Wani marubucin Turai, Georg Rumphius (1678) ya ce sultan ya mutu a kusa da 1510.

## Musulunci na Ternate
Ternate na ɗaya daga cikin mulkoki huɗu na gargajiya a Arewacin Maluku, sauran su ne Tidore, Bacan da Jailolo . Daga cikin wadannan, Ternate ya fito ne a matsayin bangare mafi karfi a farkon kwanan wata, kodayake wasu sun kalubalanci shi sosai. Da zaran an nada shi mai mulki, a cewar Valentijn, Zainal Abidin dole ne ya magance tashin hankali daga mulkin Jailolo mai iko wanda ke zaune a Halmahera kuma ya haɗa kai da Tidore. A ƙarshe ɓangarorin da ke yaƙi sun yi zaman lafiya a cikin 1488, suna barin mai mulki a ƙarƙashin ikon kawo Ternate zuwa ga umarnin mulkin Islama. Yawancin 'yan kasuwa Musulmi na Javanese sun saba zuwa Ternate a lokacin kuma sun sa sarki ya kara koyo game da sabon imani. A cikin c. 1495, ya yi tafiya tare da abokinsa Hussein don nazarin Islama a Giri (Gresik) a arewacin Java, inda Sunan Giri ya ci gaba da sanannen madrasa. Yayinda yake can, ya sami shahara a matsayin *Sultan Bualawa*, ko Sultan na Cloves .  An girmama shi sosai, an san shi da jarumi mai jaruntaka da masanin ibada, kuma ya haɓaka abota wanda ya haɓaka cikin ƙawance mai ƙarfi. Ɗaya daga cikin labaran da aka fada game da lokacin da yake akwai shi ne cewa ya tsaya ga wani mai kisan kai a kan tashin hankali yayin da wasu suka gudu, suka fille shi kai da bugun jini guda ɗaya.

A cewar *Hikayat Tanah Hitu*, Zainal Abidin ya tsaya a Bima a Sumbawa a kan hanyarsa ta komawa Maluku. Shi da ma'aikatansa sun shiga matsala tare da sarki na yankin kuma an yi fada inda wani Bimanese ya ji wa Zainal Abidin rauni da mashi. Masu tsaron mai mulki sun dawo da shi cikin jirgin, kodayake ya mutu a cikin jirgin. Labarin François Valentijn, akasin haka, ya nace cewa ya tsira daga yakin kuma ya koma Ternate. A lokacin da ya dawo, ya maye gurbin taken sarauta *Kolano* da *Sultan*, kuma watakila yanzu ne ya karbi sunan Musulunci Zainal Abidin .  Ya dawo da wani *mubaligh* daga Java mai suna Tuhubahahul (Baharullah) don yada bangaskiyar Islama kuma ya kirkiro *Bobato* (shugaban) don taimakawa a duk al'amuran da suka shafi mulkin dokar Islama a duk fadin Sultanate. Tushen wannan canjin shine cibiyar sadarwa tsakanin yankuna wanda ya bunkasa a cikin karni na 15 tare da cinikayya mai riba a cikin cloves da kayayyakin gandun daji masu ban sha'awa. Wannan cinikin ya ja hankalin 'yan kasuwa na Indiya, Javanese da Malay waɗanda galibi Musulmi ne. Asusun Turai sun nuna gabatarwar Islama a kusan shekarun 1460 ko 1470s. Har zuwa karni na 16, duk da haka, masu lura da Turai sun lura cewa Musulunci ya fi yawa a cikin mafi girma. Babban yaduwar Islama a Maluku ya zo daga baya, bayan 1570. 

## Yaduwar tasirin siyasa
Sarautar Zainal Abidin ta yi daidai da hauhawar manyan gidaje na Tomaitu da Tomagola waɗanda suka taimaka wajen yada tasirin siyasa na Ternate. Mambobin Tomaitu sun tafi Tsibirin Sula inda suka yi aiki a matsayin masu mulki tare da taken *Kimelaha* . Tomagola, a bangaren su, sun zauna a Tsibirin Buru kuma daga baya suka kafa ikonsu a cikin Ambon Quarter, sun zauna ne a bakin tekun Ceram. Wadannan ƙaura suna da tasiri na dogon lokaci. Yarjejeniyar abokantaka da Sultan ya kammala tare da Pati Puti (ko Pati Tuban), ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan sarakuna daga Ambon, ya kuma ba da gudummawa ga ikirarin da Ternate ya yi ga sassan kudancin Maluku: Buru, Seram, Ambon, Lease da Banda Islands. Wani labari na karni na 19 ya yi iƙirarin cewa Zainal Abidin, a lokacin da ya dawo daga Java, ya mallaki rabin Sulawesi. Wadannan yankuna, duk da haka an rubuta su ne kawai a matsayin Ternatan vassals a rabi na biyu na karni na 16. 

## Iyali
Zainal Abidin yana da sanannun ma'aurata guda biyu, wani Javanese aristocrat da wata mace daga Soya Marsaoli, da yara da yawa,  ciki har da:

* Kaicil Leliatu, an haife shi a shekara ta 1521
* Kuliba, bayan 1512
* Vaidua, bayan 1545
* Boki Jamanula wanda ya auri Syaku, ɗan mai wa'azi Mahadum
* Darwis (Taruwes), d. 1530, wani lokacin ana lissafa shi a matsayin ɗa, amma mai yiwuwa ɗan Kaicil Leliatu ne 

## Manazarta