Ahmad al-Wansharisi

**Ahmad ibn Yahya al-Wansharisi** cikakken suna: **Abu ’l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Yaḥyā ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wāḥid ibn ʿAlī al-Wansharīsī** wanda aka fi sani da **al-Wansharisi**, b. An haife shi a shekarar 1430 ko 1431 a Ouarsenis, d. 1508 a Fez) Masanin addinin musulunci ne, mabiya jurist mazahabar Maliki school around the time of the fall of Granada. Shi kaɗai ne ya shugabanci maganar Iberian Muslims living under Christian rule.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife shi a cikin tsaunukan Ouarsenis (Arabic, *Al-Wansharis*) a Ƙasar Aljeriya ta yanzu,  a cikin dangin ɗayan ƙabilun Berber a cikin waɗannan duwatsu.  Iyalinsa sun koma Tlemcen lokacin da yake yaro. A Tlemcen, ya yi karatu kuma daga baya ya koyar da dokar Islama. Daga baya ya koma Fez, ƙasar Morocco ta yanzu. Ya zama Mufti na hukuma a Fez kuma ya zama babban mai rai a kan batutuwan Musulmai na Iberian da ke zaune a ƙarƙashin mulkin Kirista, bayan nasarar Kirista (wanda ake kira reconquista) na Al-Andalus na Musulunci.   Ya mutu a ranar Talata, 20 ga Yunin shekarar 1508. An binne shi a Fez, a cikin maƙabarta na Kudyat al-Baraṭil, kusa da kabarin ibn Abbad . 

## Ayyuka
Ayyukansa mafi shahara shine al-Mi Chanyār al-Mughrib ("The Clear Measure and the Extraordinary Collection of the Judicial Ra'ayoyin of the Scholars of Ifrīqiyā, al-Andalus, and the Maghrib"), tarin ra'ayoyin shari'a (*fatwas*) da shari'o'i (*Nawasil*) a Arewacin Afirka da Islama Spain  A ƙarni na goma sha shida ya zama wani ɓangare na tsarin ilimi a Arewacin Afirka, kuma a zamanin yau ana nazarin shi azaman tushen bayanai game da ayyukan addini da zamantakewa na zamani na Islama Spain da Maghreb Arewacin Afirka.

Wani aiki, *Al-Manhaj al-Faaiq wa al-Manhal al-Raaiq fi Ahkam al-Wathaaiq* ("Hanyar Mafi Girma da Tushen Tushen a kan Dokokin notarization")  ya ƙunshi surori 16 game da notarization na takardun shari'ar Islama. Ya haɗa da buƙatu da haruffa da ake so na jama'a, ƙa'idodi da buƙatu na takardar shari'ar Islama, da kuma batutuwa na takardar shaida kamar yadda za a ba da kwanan wata dai-dai.

Gaba ɗaya, akalla Guda 15 daga cikin ayyukan al-Wansharisi sun wanzu, kusan duk a cikin batun *[[Fiƙihu|fiqh]]* (dokokin Islama). 

### A kan Musulmai a Spain
Ya kuma rubuta **Asna al-matajir* fi bayan ahkam man ghalaba 'ala watanihi al-nasara wa lam yuhajir wa ma yatarattabu 'alayhi min al-'uqubat wa al-zawajir* ("Mafi Girma Kasuwanci, Setting Forth the Legal Hordings Game da Wanda Kiristoci suka ci nasara da kuma Barazanar da ke Amfani da Shi a matsayin Sakamakon", ya rage Asna al'matajir ko "Mafi Girka da Musulmi ya yi jayayya da shi a Spain ya zama Musulmi mai *fatwa*"),  An bayar da shi a cikin Shekarar 1491, jim kaɗan kafin faduwar Granada wanda ke nuna ƙarshen sake mamayewa. A wannan lokacin, yawancin Spain ban da Granada sun ci nasara da Kiristoci, kuma Musulmai sun riga sun zauna a waɗannan yankuna a ƙarƙashin mulkin Kirista (irin waɗannan Musulmai an san su da *Mudéjars*).  Baya ga ambaton Alkur'ani, hadisi da yarjejeniyar da ta gabata na lauyoyi, ya kuma goyi bayan shari'arsa tare da cikakken bayani game da dalilin da ya sa Mudéjars ba su iya cika al'adar Musulmi yadda ya kamata ba.

Wannan fatwa yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ra'ayoyin shari'a na zamani game da Musulmai da ke zaune a ƙarƙashin mulkin da ba Musulmi ba, koda yake an bayar da shi a cikin mahallin Musulmai a Iberia da Arewacin Afirka. Baya ga The Most Noble Commerce, ya kuma rubuta wani ɗan gajeren aboki fatwa, wani lokacin ana kiransa "Marbella fatwa", yana amsa tambaya game da wani mutum daga Marbella a Kudancin Spain wanda yake so ya zauna a Kirista Spain don taimakawa waɗanda ba su iya ƙaura ba. Wadannan fatwas guda biyu an rarraba su a matsayin aiki mai zaman kansa, kuma daga baya an haɗa su a cikin tarin sa The Clear Standard . 

Matsayin Al-Wansharisi, wanda ya jaddada wajibin yin ƙaura, shine matsayi mafi girma na makarantar Maliki a lokacin. Oran fatwa, wanda aka bayar a cikin 1504 bayan tilasta juyowa a cikin Crown of Castile, ya kasance banda ga wannan ra'ayi mafi rinjaye, yana jayayya cewa yana iya halatta ga Musulmai na Mutanen Espanya su zauna har ma da bin Kiristanci, idan aka tilasta kuma ya zama dole don tsira.

## Dubi kuma

* Ahmad ibn Abi Jum'ah
* Musulunci a Spain
** Mudéjar
** Morisco
* Oran fatwa

## Manazarta

## Ƙarin karantawa

* Vincent Lagardère, Tarihi da al'umma a Yammacin Musulmi a Zamanin Tsakiya: nazarin Miʻyār dʼal-Wanšarīsī (Madrid: Casa de Velázquez, 1995) 
* David S. Powers, 'Aḥmad al-Wansharīsī', a cikin *Tunanin Shari'a na Musulunci: A Compendium of Muslim Jurists*, ed. daga Oussama Arabi, David Stephan Powers, da Susan A. Spectorsky, Nazarin Shari'ar Musulunci da Al'umma, 36 (Leiden: Brill, 2013), shafuffuka 375-99