Kwango ta Faransa

**Kwango ta Faransa** (French: Congo français), wanda kuma akafi sani da **Kongo ta Tsakiya** (French: Moyen-Congo), yankin Turawan mulkin mallaka ne na Faransa wanda a wani lokaci ya ƙunshi yankin Jamhuriyar Kongo da wasu sassan Gabon da Jamhuriyar Tsakiyar Afirka. A cikin shekarar 1910, an sanya shi wani yanki na babban yankin Faransa Equatorial Afirka.

Jamhuriyar Kwango ta zamani ana ɗaukar ta a matsayin ƙasar da ta gaji Faransa Kongo, tana da iyakoki kusan iri ɗaya, kuma ta gaji 'yancin kai da 'yancin kai daga Faransa ta hanyar rugujewar Faransa Equatorial Afirka a ƙarshen shekarun 1950s.

## Tarihi

Faransa Kongo ta fara ne a Brazzaville a ranar 10 ga watan Satumba 1880 a matsayin mai kare al'ummar Bateke a gefen arewacin gabar kogin Kongo.  An sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tsakanin Sarki Iloo I da Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza; Iloo I ya mutu a shekarar da aka sanya hannu, amma sarauniyar sa Ngalifourou ta kiyaye sharuɗɗan yarjejeniyar.  An kafa shi a matsayin Kongo na Faransa a ranar 30 ga watan Nuwamba 1882,  kuma an tabbatar da shi a taron Berlin na shekarar 1884-85. An kafa iyakokinta da Cabinda, Kamaru, da Jamhuriyar Kwango ta Kwango ta hanyar yarjejeniya cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa. Shirin ci gaba da mulkin mallaka shi ne ba da dama ga wasu kamfanonin Faransa talatin. An ba wa waɗannan filaye masu yawa bisa alƙawarin za a haɓaka su. Wannan ci gaban ya iyakance kuma ya kai yawancin hakar hauren giwa, roba, da katako. Waɗannan ayyuka sau da yawa sun haɗa da zalunci mai girma da kuma kusan bautar da mazauna wurin.

Ko da waɗannan matakan yawancin kamfanoni sun yi asarar kuɗi. Kusan riba goma ne kawai aka samu. Yawancin hannun jarin kamfanonin sun wanzu ne kawai a kan takarda ba tare da kasancewar ƙasa a Afirka ba.

Kwango na Faransa wani lokaci ana kiranta **Gabon-Congo**. An ƙara Gabon bisa ƙa'ida a cikin shekarar 1891,  an sake masa suna ta **Tsakiyar Kongo** (French: Moyen-Congo) a cikin shekarar 1903, an sake shi na ɗan lokaci daga Gabon a shekarar 1906, sannan aka sake haɗa shi a matsayin French Equatorial Africa a shekarar 1910 a ƙoƙarin yin koyi da nasarar Faransa ta Yammacin Afirka.

A cikin shekarar 1911 Yarjejeniyar Maroko-Congo ta ba da wani yanki na yankin ga Jamus don samun hanyar shiga kogin Kongo. Wannan ƙasa, wacce aka fi sani da Neukamerun, Faransa ta sake dawo da ita a hukumance bayan yakin duniya na farko.

Wani bincike na 1906 L'Expansion coloniale au Congo français, an buga shi tare da haɗin gwiwar Faransa ta mulkin mallaka a Marseille.  A cikin shekarar 1925 ɗan Afirka Ba-Amurke ɗan tarihi, masanin ilimin zamantakewa, da Pan-African WEB Du Bois ya rubuta "Batouala" ya rubuta shi. A cikin zurfin Kongo na Faransa ana samun irin wannan cin zarafi na baƙar fata kamar yadda aka yi a Belgian Kongo ko Burtaniya ta Yammacin Afirka.

## Jerin gwamnoni

* Manyan masu gudanarwa
** 12 Mar 1889 - 27 ga watan Afrilu 1895 Fortuné Charles de Chavannes (sa)
** 27 Afrilu 1895 - 22 ga watan Jan 1899 Louis Henri Albert Dolisie (b. 1856 - d. 1899)
** 1 ga watan Mayu 1899 - 11 ga watan Yuli 1902 Jean-Baptiste Philema Lemaire (b. 1856 - d. 1932)
** 11 ga watan Yuli 1902 - 5 ga watan Afrilu 1906 Emile Gentil (b. 1866 - d. 1914)
** 5 ga watan Afrilu 1906 - 12 ga watan Maris 1909 Adolphe Louis Cureau (b. 1864 - d. 1913)
** 17 ga watan Jan 1908 - 17 Nov 1908 Édouard Marie Bertrand Eugène Dubosc-Taret (mai yin aikin Cureau) (b. 1857 - d. 19..)
* Laftanar gwamnoni
** 12 ga watan Mar 1909 - 27 ga watan Juni 1910 Adolphe Louis Cureau (sa)
** 27 ga watan Jun 1910 - 28 Jul 1911 Édouard Dubosc-Taret (mai aiki) (sa)
** 28 ga watan Jul 1911 - 16 Afrilu 1916 Lucien Louis Fourneau (b. 1867 - d. 1930), yana aiki zuwa har ranar 17 ga watan Oct 1912)
** 16 ga watan Afrilu 1916 - 17 Jul 1917 Jules Gaston Henri Carde (b. 1874 - d. 1949), (ya yi aiki zuwa 12 ga watan Oktoba 1916)
** 17 Yuli 1917 - 2 ga watan Afrilu 1919 Jules Guy Le Prince (mai aiki) (b. 1868 - d. 19..)
** 2 ga watan Afrilu 1919 - 16 ga watan Mayu 1919 Édmond Émilien Cadier (b. 1868 - d. 1951)
** 16 Mayu 1919 - 21 ga watan Agusta 1919 Jean Henri Marchand (lokaci na farko, aiki)) (b. 1864 - d. 19..)
** 21 ga watan Agusta 1919 - 16 ga watan Agusta 1922 Mattéo Mathieu Maurice Alfassa (b. 1876 - d. 1942)
** 16 ga watan Agusta 1922 - 20 ga watan Afrilu 1923 Georges Thomann (mai aiki) (b. 1872 - d. 1943)
** 24 Afrilu 1923 - 21 ga watan Yuli 1925 Jean Henri Marchand (mai yin aiki, karo na biyu) (sa)
** 21 ga watan Jul 1925 - 1 Dec 1929 Gwamnatin AEF Gwamna-Janar
** 1 Dec 1929 - 4 Dec 1930 Marcel Alix Jean Marchessou (mai aiki) (b. 1879 - d. 1964)
** 4 ga watan Dec 1930 - Mayu 1931 Pierre Simon Antonin Bonnefont (mai aiki) (b. 1877 - d. 1950)
** Mayu 1931 - 1932 Max de Masson de Saint-Félix (b. 1882 - d. 1958)
** 1932 - 21 Nov 1932 Emile Buhot-Launay (mai yin aiki) (b. 1881 - d. 1970)
** 21 ga watan Nov 1932 - 10 Feb 1941 Gwamnatin AEF Gwamna-Janar
** 10 ga watan Feb 1941 - 20 ga watan Agusta 1945 Gabriel Emile Fortune (b. 1897 - d. 1971)
** 21 ga watan Feb 1942 - 19 Jul 1942 Jean Charles André Capagorry (mai yin aikin Fortune) (b. 1894 - d. 1981)
** 20 ga watan Aug 1945 - 30 Apr 1946 Gwamnatin AEF.
** 30 ga watan Afrilu 1946 - 16 ga watan Mayu 1946 Kirista Robert Roger Laigret (mai aiki) (b. 1903 - d. 1977)
** 16 ga watan Mayu 1946 - 6 Nov 1946 Gwamnatin AEF Gwamna-Janar
** 6 ga watan Nov 1946 - 31 Dec 1947 Numa François Henri Sadoul (b. 1906 - d. 1990)
** 31 ga watan Dec 1947 - 1 ga watan Mar 1950 Jacques Georges Fourneau (b. 1901 - d. 1956)
** 1 ga watan Maris 1950 - 25 ga watan Afrilu 1952 Paul Jules Marie Le Layec (b. 1901 - d. 1965)
** 25 ga watan Afrilu 1952 - 15 Yuli 1953 Jean Georges Chambon (b. 1896 - d. 1965)
** 15 Yuli 1953 - 2 Nov 1956 Ernest Eugène Rouys (wanda ya yi aiki zuwa 19 ga Fabrairu 1954) (b. 1901 - d. ....)
** 2 Nuwamba 1956 - 29 Jan 1958 Jean-Michel Marie René Soupault (b. 1918 - d. 1993)
** 29 Jan 1958 - 7 Jan 1959 Charles Paul Dériaud (mai aiki) (b. 1911 - d. 1964)
* Babban Kwamishinan
** 7 Jan 1959 - 15 ga Agusta 1960 Guy Noël Georgy (b. 1918 - d. 2003)

## Duba kuma

* Belgium Kongo
* Raphael Etifier
* Daular Faransa ta mulkin mallaka
* Faransa Equatorial Afirka
* Jerin abubuwan mallakar Faransanci da mazauna
* Ngalifourou
* Syndicat professionalnel des commerçants et transporteurs africains du Congo

## Manazarta

## Kara karantawa

* 
* Petringa, Maria. *Brazza, A Life for Africa*. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2006. ISBN&nbsp;.  Describes Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza's extensive explorations of what became French Congo, and later, French Equatorial Africa.

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

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