Edward Holden

**Sir Edward Wheewall Holden** (14 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1885 - 17 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1947) masanin masana'antu ne na Australiya wanda ya dauki nauyin iyalinsa da kasuwancin saddlery, Holden & Frost, cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da General Motors don ƙirƙirar kamfanin kera motoci na farko na Australiya, General Motors-Holden's Ltd.Janar Motors-Holden's Ltd.

## Shekaru na farko
An haifi Edward Holden a garin Kwalejin (yanzu St. Peters), ɗan mai hawa da kuma mai yin mota Henry James Holden (1859-1926) da matarsa Mary Ann (née Wheewall). Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Prince Alfred da Jami'ar Adelaide, inda ya kammala karatu tare da BSc a 1905 kuma ya shiga kamfanin iyali na Holden & Frost.

## Ayyuka
Edward ya ga wajibi ne ga kamfanin ya bambanta zuwa motoci, da farko kiyayewa da gyaran (shigar) jikin motoci sannan gina motocin babur a cikin wani shed a bayan gidan Grenfell Street na kamfanin.

A cikin 1917 Gwamnatin Australiya ta gabatar da manufofi don ƙuntata shigo da motocin da aka ƙera don ƙarfafa masana'antar kera motoci ta ƙasar. Holden ya haɓaka dangantaka da Janar Motar na Amurka (kamar yadda Adelaide na zamani T. J. Richards ya yi tare da Chrysler) don dacewa da jiki zuwa chassis da aka shigo da shi. A cikin 1919 Edward (a matsayin manajan darektan) da mahaifinsa sun kafa kamfanin Holden's Motor Body Builders tare da masana'anta a 400 King William Street  daga baya A. G. Healing Ltd. A cikin 1923, bayan sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya ta musamman a Detroit tare da General Motors ta Edward Holden, an kafa sabon masana'anta a 879-895 Port Road, Cheltenham, ta amfani da sabuwar fasahar layin samarwa. Hanyoyin samar da taro na atomatik sun kara yawan aiki sosai.

Edward Holden ya gabatar da sabbin ka'idojin kasuwanci na gudanar da kimiyya, lissafin kuɗi da kula da samarwa. A cikin kusanci da General Motors Export Co., Holdens ya kafa matsayi mai rinjaye a kasuwa a duk faɗin ƙasar Australia.

A shekara ta 1929 kamfanin ya dauki ma'aikata 3,400 kuma shine mafi girman mai gina motoci a Daular Burtaniya.

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1929 an rufe masana'antar na ɗan lokaci saboda rashin ci gaba da aiki, kuma a watan Janairun shekara ta 1930 Holden ya tashi zuwa Amurka don tattauna haɗin kai tare da General Motors. A watan Fabrairun 1931, General Motors ya ba da £ 1,116,000 ga Holden, wanda daga ƙarshe aka karɓa. Wannan ya rage nauyin kuɗi na haɗuwa ga General Motors, yayin da yake ba shi cikakken iko yayin kiyaye halin Australiya a cikin suna, mallaka da gudanarwa.

An nada Holden a matsayin shugaban zartarwa na daraktoci da kuma manajan hadin gwiwa na Janar Motors-Holden's Ltd. a watan Agustan 1931 kuma daga baya manajan darakta. Laurence Hartnett ne ya maye gurbinsa a matsayin manajan darektan a shekara ta 1934 amma ya kasance shugaban har sai rashin lafiya ya tilasta masa ya yi murabus a watan Janairun shekara ta 1947.

Zuwan Yaƙin Duniya na II ya ga saurin sauyawa na masana'antar gina jiki a Woodville zuwa samar da yaƙi. A farkon shekara ta 1941 kusan an sadaukar da shi ga samar da yaki, kuma yana daukar ma'aikata 20% fiye da yadda yake a kan albashi na al'ada.[1] Ya zama Babban Mai Kula da Gidajen Sojoji a cikin 1939-45 kuma ya ziyarci sojoji a Gabas ta Tsakiya. Amfanin da aka samu daga kantin abinci na sojoji, wanda ya kasance mai yawa, da farko ya tafi don inganta wuraren sansanin kuma raguwar kusan £ 2,000,000 da aka samu a ƙarshen yaƙin an rarraba shi ta Kwamitin Amfanin Sojojin Sojojin Australiya na Musamman ga kungiyoyin da aka ƙuntata membobinsu ga ma'aikatan hidima. [2][3] An gurfanar da Holden saboda lalacewa da karbar cin hanci, amma shari'ar ta ɓace saboda rashin shaidar.[4]

## Manazarta