Canjin yanayi a Philippines

Canjin yanayi yana da tasiri mai tsanani a cikin Filipinas kamar ƙara yawan mita da tsananin bala'o'i, hawan teku, matsanancin ruwan sama, ƙarancin albarkatu, da lalata muhalli. Duk waɗannan tasirin tare sun shafi aikin gona, ruwa, kayayyakin more rayuwa, lafiyar ɗan adam, da muhallin bakin teku kuma ana hasashen za su ci gaba da yin illa ga tattalin arziki da al'ummar Philippines.

A cewar Ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Gudanar da Harkokin Jama'a (OCHA), Philippines tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe masu fuskantar bala'i a duniya. Tsibirin yana tare da belin guguwa na Tekun Pacific, yana barin ƙasar da ke da rauni ga guguwa 20 a kowace shekara, kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na su suna da lalacewa. Guguwar Disamba 2021 da aka fi sani da Typhoon Odette ta haifar da kusan dala biliyan daya a cikin ababen more rayuwa, gidaje, da lalacewar aikin gona kuma ta kori mutane 114,943. Shirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP) ya ba da rahoton a cikin 2022 cewa Typhoon Odette ya shafi rayuwar mutane miliyan 9.9.  Mafi muni, tasirin jiki da tattalin arziki na Typhoon Odette ya haifar da mutuwar mutane 407 a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2022.

Baya ga kusanci da Philippines zuwa belin guguwa na Tekun Pacific, Philippines kuma tana cikin "Pacific Ring of Fire" wanda ke sa ƙasar ta kasance mai saurin girgizar ƙasa da fashewar dutse. Ƙara waɗannan batutuwan, tasirin canjin yanayi, kamar saurin hauhawar matakin teku, yana kara girman haɗarin jihar ga bala'o'i na halitta, kamar ambaliyar ruwa da rushewar ƙasa. Baya ga yanayin ƙasa, canjin yanayi yana tasiri ga yankuna tare da tarihin mulkin mallaka fiye da yankuna ba tare da tarihin mallaka ba. Yankunan da aka mallaka suna fuskantar tasirin canjin yanayi mafi muni "saboda yawan dogaro da albarkatun kasa, yanayin ƙasa da yanayin yanayi da kuma iyakance ikon su don daidaitawa da sauyin yanayi. "  Tun da ƙasashe masu ƙarancin kuɗi suna da tarihin mulkin mallaka da amfani da albarkatu, mahallinsu ba su da bambancin da ake buƙata don cin nasara da bala'o'i.  Rashin bambancin halittu yana rage juriya na takamaiman yanki, yana barin su da saukin kamuwa da bala'o'i da tasirin canjin yanayi. Tare da tarihin Mulkin mallaka na Mutanen Espanya, Philippines ba ta da kayan aiki na muhalli ko tattalin arziki don shawo kan batutuwan da take magance su a halin yanzu, kamar bala'o'i da canjin yanayi. Wannan rashin iya murmurewa ya kara tsananta matsalar, yana haifar da sake zagayowar muhalli da lalacewar tattalin arziki a kasar.

Philippines, tsibiri mai tsibirai sama da 7,000, na da matukar rauni ga tasirin sauyin yanayi. Hawan ruwan teku yana barazana ga al'ummomin da ke bakin teku, wanda ke haifar da karuwar ambaliyar ruwa da ƙaura. Matsanancin yanayi, irin su guguwa, suna ƙara yawaita kuma suna da ƙarfi, suna haifar da barna mai yawa da asarar tattalin arziki. Canje-canje a yanayin ruwan sama na kawo cikas ga zagayowar aikin noma, yana yin tasiri ga samar da abinci da rayuwa. Har ila yau, arziƙin halittun ƙasar yana cikin haɗari, saboda sauyin yanayin zafi da acid ɗin teku yana shafar yanayin muhalli da rayuwar ruwa. Magance sauyin yanayi a Philippines na buƙatar matakai daban-daban, ciki har da yunƙurin rage yawan hayaƙin iskar gas, dabarun daidaitawa don haɓaka juriya, da haɗin gwiwar kasa da kasa don tallafawa ƙasashe masu rauni.

## Rashin iskar gas
Rabon Philippines na iskar gas na duniya (GHG) da ake fitarwa shine 0.48%. Duk da haka, kasar na da matukar hadari ga illar sauyin yanayi. Sama da kashi 41% na hayakin GHG na kasar yana fitowa ne daga kona kwal da man fetur don samar da wutar lantarki.  Jirgin kasa, ruwa, da sufurin sama ya kai kashi 35% na hayakin GHG.

Philippines, wanda ya sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar yanayi ta Paris, yana da niyyar rage hayakin ta da kashi 75% nan da shekara ta 2030. A cikin 2021 Masu gwagwarmayar yanayi na matasa sun nuna rashin amincewa da tallafin Standard Chartered na kamfanonin kwal. Ana la'akari da doka don ƙirƙirar tsarin kasuwancin hayaki.

## Tasirin yanayi

### Tarihin yanayi

 
Saboda wurin da yake, yanayi, da Yanayin ƙasa, Philippines tana cikin matsayi na uku a kan Ƙididdigar Hadarin Duniya don haɗarin bala'i mafi girma da kuma fallasa bala'o'i. 16 daga cikin lardunan, ciki har da Manila, Benguet, da Batanes, an haɗa su a cikin manyan wurare 50 mafi rauni a kudu maso gabashin Asiya, tare da Manila ta kasance a matsayi na 7. Birane huɗu a cikin Philippines - Manila, San Jose, Roxas, da Cotabato - an haɗa su cikin manyan birane 10 da suka fi fuskantar hauhawar matakin teku a yankin Gabashin Asiya da Pacific. Kasar tana cikin haɗari daga haɗarin haɗari mai tsanani ciki har da guguwa, ambaliyar ruwa, rushewar ƙasa, da fari. Tana cikin yankin da ke fuskantar mafi girman guguwa a duniya, matsakaicin guguwa 20 a kowace shekara, tare da kusan 7-9 wanda a zahiri ke sauka. A shekara ta 2009, Philippines tana da na uku mafi yawan wadanda suka mutu daga bala'o'i tare da na biyu mafi yawan wadanda abin ya shafa.

Canjin yanayi ya kasance kuma zai ci gaba da samun mummunar tasiri ga yanayin Philippines. Daga 1951 zuwa 2010, Philippines ta ga matsakaicin zafin jiki ya tashi da 0.65 ° C, tare da karancin dare mai sanyi da kwanakin zafi. Tun daga shekarun 1970s, yawan guguwa a lokacin *[[El Niño-Kudancin Oscillation|El Niño]]* ya karu. Philippines ba wai kawai ta ga 0.15 mita na hauhawar matakin teku ba tun 1940, har ma ta ga 0.6 zuwa 1 ° C karuwa a Yanayin zafi na teku tun 1910, da kuma 0.09 ° C karuwar yanayin zafi na Tekun tun 1950.  A lokacin daga 1990 zuwa 2006, Philippines ta fuskanci abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi, gami da guguwa mafi karfi (saurin iska) , guguwa mai lalacewa (rashin lalacewa), guguwar da ta fi kisa (mutuwa), da guguwar tare da ruwan sama mafi girma na awa 24 a rikodin. Wani binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ta amfani da Imperial College Storm Model (IRIS) ya gano cewa guguwa mafi muni da ta buge Philippines tana da saurin iska mafi girma na +3.5 m / s idan aka kwatanta da yanayin da ya gabata na masana'antu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

### Babban guguwa mai suna Haiyan
A karfe 04:40 a ranar 8 ga Nuwamba, 2013, Super Typhoon Haiyan, wanda aka fi sani da "Yolanda", ya fadi a cikin Philippines a cikin garin Guiuan. Guguwar ta rukuni na 5 ta ci gaba da tafiya zuwa yamma, ta fadi a cikin kananan hukumomi da yawa, kuma a ƙarshe ta lalata manyan tsibirai na Philippines na Samar, Leyte, Cebu, da tsibirin Visayan. An ɗaure shi don kasancewa mafi ƙarfin guguwa mai zafi a rubuce-rubuce, Guguwar Haiyan tana da saurin iska sama da 300 km / h (kusan 190 mph) wanda ya haifar da manyan guguwa waɗanda suka haifar da rikici a wurare da yawa a kasar. Ya bar sama da mutane 6,300 da suka mutu, 28,688 da suka ji rauni, kuma 1062 sun ɓace, Typhoon Haiyan ita ce guguwa mafi muni da aka rubuta a cikin Philippines. Fiye da mutane miliyan 16 ne guguwar ta shafa, suna fama da guguwar, ambaliyar ruwa, rushewar ƙasa, da matsanancin iska da ruwan sama wanda ya kashe rayuka, ya lalata gidaje, kuma ya lalata mutane da yawa.   Guguwar Haiyan ta lalata gidaje sama da miliyan 1.1 a duk faɗin ƙasar kuma ta kori mutane sama da miliyan 4.1.   A cewar NDRRMC, guguwar ta kashe Philippines kusan dala biliyan 3.64 na Amurka. Guguwar ta haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga wasu yankunan noma da 'yan asalin Suludnon ke nomawa a ƙauyen Jayubo na Lambunao, Iloilo . &nbsp;&nbsp;