Kasuwar carbon ta Afirka

**Kasuwar Carbon ta Afirka** wani dandali ne da ke neman hada kan rage sauye-sauyen yanayi tare da rage radadin talauci ga manoma masu karamin karfi a Afirka. Mahalarta kasuwar carbon carbon na noma na fatan samun lamuni don gujewa hayaki mai gurbata yanayi. Kasuwar carbon tana ba da fa'idodin kuɗi ga manoma.

## Bayani
Kasuwannin Carbon hanyoyin farashin carbon ne da ke baiwa gwamnatoci da ƴan wasan da ba na gwamnati damar yin cinikin ƙirƙira ƙirjin iskar gas. Manufar ita ce cimma manufofin yanayi da aiwatar da farashin ayyukan sauyin yadda ya kamata. Akwai yarda da kasuwannin carbon da kasuwannin carbon na son rai. Kasuwar Carbon ta ba da damar yin ciniki da kiredit na carbon da ayyuka ke samarwa a ƙasashe daban-daban don rage hayakin iskar gas ko ayyukan sarrafa iskar carbon.

Akwai cece-kuce da jawabai da dama da suka shafi kasuwar carbon carbon ta Afirka, da kasuwannin carbon baki daya dangane da ingancin ayyuka da tsarin da ke kokarin kawar da talauci da rage illar hayakin Carbon da muhimman tsarin karfin da ke tattare da tasirin kamfanoni kan karfin hawan keke na muhalli da al'ummomi da kasashe masu tasowa da kasuwannin carbon.

## Fage
Kasuwar carbon ta Afirka na ɗaya daga cikin kasuwannin kasuwancin kuɗin carbon da aka kafa tun daga yarjejeniyar Kyoto a 1997.

Microsoft da Ƙungiyar Kare namun daji (WCS) sun shiga cikin siyar da kuɗin carbon na farko da gwamnati ta goyi bayan a Afirka tare da Gwamnatin Madagascar a cikin 2014.

Har ila yau, akwai Ƙungiyar Ƙungiya ta Yammacin Afirka don Kasuwar Carbon da ta ƙunshi Gambia, Burkina-Faso, Benin, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, Laberiya, Saliyo, Niger, Senegal, Ivory Coast, Togo, da Cape Verde.

## Manufar da aiwatarwa
A wasu lokuta ana yin ayyukan bashin carbon ne kai tsaye tare da ƙananan manoma, kuma a wasu lokuta ana ba da hayar manyan fakitin filaye ga gwamnati ko kamfani don matakai kamar sake dazuzzuka ko dazuzzuka. Misali, Green Resources Ltd (GRL) daya ne mai wani dogon hayar hayar daga gwamnatin Tanzaniya domin sake dazuzzukan wasu yankuna. Ayyukan da ke karɓar ƙididdiga na carbon sun haɗa da musamman: aiwatar da ayyukan makamashi mai dorewa, sarrafa carbon ƙasa, aiwatar da aikin noma na juyar da amfanin gona, sake dazuzzuka, da dazuzzuka. A cikin nazarin 2013 na ayyuka 78 na sa kai na kasuwa, wanda ke cikin kasashe 23 na Afirka, kashi 42% na ayyukan sun kasance ayyukan ingantaccen makamashi, 40% aikin gandun daji / sake dazuzzuka, ayyukan hasken rana 7%, ayyukan makamashi na biomass 4%, sauran kashi 4% na samar da kananan ayyuka (kamar ruwa da iska).

Shirin ya samo asali ne a cikin 2000s don kasu kashi biyu tsarin: yarda da kasuwanni na son rai. Waɗannan kasuwanni suna bambanta idan ana batun tsarin tsari. Kasuwar Carbon Ta Sa-kai (VCM) ba ta da tsari sosai, kuma ba ta magance Injin Ci gaban Tsabta (CDM) ba. Waɗannan su ne ayyukan da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, waɗanda ba na jiha ba ke shiga tsakani. Kasuwar yarda, wanda CDM ke gudanarwa, ya fi na yau da kullun da kuma tsarin aiki, tare da waɗannan ayyukan da cibiyoyi na ƙasa da na duniya ke shiga tsakani.

A cikin bincike na 2013 na ayyukan 78 na sa kai na kasuwa, wanda ke cikin ƙasashe 23 na Afirka, na masu haɓaka aikin 59% kasuwancin duniya ne masu zaman kansu, 28% ƙungiyoyin sa-kai na ƙasa da ƙasa, 9% kasuwancin gida ne masu zaman kansu, kuma 4% ƙungiyoyi ne masu zaman kansu na cikin gida.

A cikin 2011, kasuwannin carbon na son rai sun kawo dala miliyan 60 a Afirka, wanda hakan ya karu zuwa dala miliyan 66 a shekarar 2012.

## Rigima da zance
An yi tattaunawa da yawa game da tasirin kuɗin carbon gaba ɗaya, da kuma jayayya game da irin waɗannan batutuwa. Batun Afirka ya bambanta da sauran ta yadda ba a da ɗan gogewa, amma idan aka haɗa shi da ɗimbin shaidu daga kudancin duniya, Afirka na taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tattaunawa game da kasuwannin carbon gaba ɗaya.

Tushen sukar kasuwannin carbon gabaɗaya, shi ne cewa mayar da ikon yin keken carbon a duniya ya dogara ne a cikin tsarin siyasa da tattalin arziki ciki har da tsarin ra'ayin muhalli, haɓaka kuɗi, da tsarin gudanarwa na ci gaba a cikin manyan cibiyoyi da jihohin ƙasa. Ana amfani da wannan don yin jayayya cewa ana amfani da kuɗin carbon gaba ɗaya don kare muradun masana'antu masu dogaro da mai. Mahimmanci, masu sukar kasuwannin carbon sun tabbatar da cewa ana amfani da tsarin gabaɗaya don gujewa amsa buƙatun samar da ƙarancin iskar carbon da kuma dawwama dangantakar tattalin arziki ko 'kasuwanci kamar yadda aka saba'

## Manazarta