Ahimaaz ben Paltiel

**Ahimaaz ben Paltiel** (Ibraniyawa:ثמעץ בן פלטיאל; 1017-1060) ya kasance mawaki ne na liturgical na Yahudawa na Byzantine Graeco-Italiyanci  kuma marubucin  iyali. Ba a san komai game da rayuwarsa ba. Ya fito ne daga dangin da wasu daga cikin mambobinsu sanannu ne a cikin wallafe-wallafen Yahudawa a matsayin malamai da mawaƙa; alal misali, Shefatya ben Amitai, Hananiel ben Amittai, da ɗan'uwansa Amittai ben Shephatiah . Ahimaaz yana da 'ya'ya maza biyu, Paltiel da Samuel. Ahimaaz ne ya ba da itacen iyali na wannan dangin a cikin Tarihinsa.

Benjamin na Tudela ya ambaci Ahimaaz ben Paltiel a Amalfi a kudancin *Tafiya,*, a cikin shekara ta 1162 (duba tafiye-tafiyensa, ed. Asher, i. 13, 14). Wannan na iya kasancewa zuriyar sunansa na farko; domin an san cewa 'yan'uwa biyu na kakan Ahimaaz ben Paltiel sun aika da kyaututtuka ga Paltiel daga yarima na Amalfi. A cikin jerin mawaƙa ashirin da biyu (elegiac) (Italiya, ƙarni na goma sha biyar?), an ambaci Ahimaaz ben Paltiel a matsayin marubucin waƙoƙi biyu, kuma Mahzor na al'adar Romawa ya ba shi Sellihah don Fast na Esther.

## Tarihin Ahimaaz
Ahimaaz an fi sani da shi a matsayin mai tara *Tarihi*, wanda aka tsara a cikin 1054 , wanda, kodayake an yi niyya ne kawai don ɗaukaka kakanninsa na kusa, ya ba da mahimman bayanai game da *Tarihi* ƙauyukan Yahudawa na farko a cikin garuruwa kamar Oria, Bari, Otranto, Gaeta, Benevento, Capua, Amalfi, a kudancin Italiya, da Pavia a arewacin Italiya. An rubuta kimanin shekaru ɗari kafin Ibrahim ibn Daud, ya rufe wani lokaci (850-1054) wanda ba a san komai game da shi ba; kawai bayanin da aka samu har zuwa yanzu daga 'yan rubuce-rubuce da kuma sanarwa a cikin ayyukan Shabbetai Donolo, wanda shi ma ɗan asalin Oria ne. An san rubutun hannu guda ɗaya ne kawai na Tarihi; yana cikin ɗakin karatu na babban coci a Toledo, Spain. Yana ɗauke da taken *Sefer Yuhasin* (Littafin Genealogies)  kuma an rubuta shi a cikin rubutun da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin salon al-Hamadani's maqama, wanda aka kawo shi cikin shahara shekaru hamsin kafin Ahimaaz, kuma wanda Hariri ya kammala shekaru hamsin bayan shi: wannan salon da Judah al-Harizi da Immanuel na Roma suka shafi shi. 

biya ga hadisai da Ahimaaz ya adana, iyalinsa sun samo asali ne daga cikin fursunoni waɗanda Titus ya kawo Italiya bayan rushewar Haikali na Urushalima da Romawa suka yi. Mutumin farko da ya ambata shi ne Amittai na Oria, wanda ya kira Sabbar da payyat, mutumin da ya san halakha na Talmudic kuma marubucin shayari na liturgical. *Tarihi* ya bayyana Haruna na Babila, sanannen malamin Kalonymus na Lucca; kuma ta hanyar wani asusun da Rabbi Silano ya tattara ƙarin bayani game da al'ummar Yahudawa na Venosa, wasu rubutun da G. J. Ascoli ya buga a baya.

### Ayyukan zalunci na Byzantine
Daga cikin 'ya'yan Amittai, Tarihi ya zauna musamman a kan Shefatya ben Amitai">Shefatya, ɗaya daga cikin farkon kuma mafi yawan mawaƙa na liturgical (kimanin 850-860), kuma ya ba da wasu amintattun bayanai game da tsanantawa da Yahudawa na Byzantine suka sha wahala a ƙarƙashin Basil I; a kan mamayewar Saracen na Sicily da Italiya (872); a kan wani mawaki na liturgic, Amittai ben Shefatya (ɗan Shefatya ben Amitai); da kuma a kan jayayya wanda aka tilasta Hananiel ben Amittai ya riƙe bishopria. Marubucin a bayyane yake alfahari da girmamawa da ɗaya daga cikin membobinta, Paltiel, mai kula da al-Muizz da Abd al-Mansur (962-992) na Masar ya yi wa iyalinsa; watakila na farko daga cikin nagids na Masar, wanda De Goeje ya yi ƙoƙarin gano shi da Jauhar al-Rumi ko al-Saqlabi. Ahimaaz ya rufe da gajerun labaran Hananiel, na ɗansa Sama'ila a Capua, da na Paltiel ben Samuel (988-1048), mahaifin marubucin da kansa.[1]

## Manazarta