Rosemary Dobson

**Rosemary de Brissac Dobson**, AO (18 ga Yuni 192027 Yuni 2012)  mawaƙin Australiya ne, wanda kuma ya kasance mai zane, edita kuma masanin tarihi.  Ta buga kundin wakoki goma sha huɗu, an buga shi a kusan kowane juzu'in *waƙoƙin Australiya* na shekara kuma an fassara shi zuwa Faransanci da sauran harsuna. 

Alkalai na lambar yabo ta adabi na Premier New South Wales a shekarar 1996 sun bayyana muhimmancinta kamar haka: “Ba za a iya yin la’akari da matakin asali da ƙarfin waƙar Rosemary ba, haka kuma ba za a iya raina irin gudunmawar da ta bayar ga adabin Australiya. Nasarar da ta samu a adabi, musamman ma waƙarta., shaida ce ta hazaka da sadaukarwarta ga fasaharta." 

## Rayuwa
An haifi Rosemary Dobson a Sydney, 'yar ta biyu ta haifaffen Ingilishi AAG (Arthur) Dobson da Marjorie (née Caldwell). Kakan mahaifinta shine Austin Dobson, mawaƙi kuma marubuci.  Mahaifinta ya rasu tana da shekara biyar. Ta halarci makarantar Frensham mai daraja inda mahaifiyarta ta sami aikin ma'aikaciyar gida.  A nan ta sadu da marubucin yaran Australiya, Joan Phipson, wanda aka nemi ya kafa na'urar bugawa.  Ta ci gaba, bayan kammala karatunta, a matsayin mai koyar da fasaha da tarihin fasaha. 

Lokacin da ta cika shekara 21, Dobson ta halarci Jami'ar Sydney a matsayin dalibin da ba ya yin digiri.  Ta kuma yi karatun zane tare da mai zanen Australiya, Thea Proctor .  Ta yi aiki a matsayin edita kuma mai karatu ga mawallafin Angus da Robertson  tare da Beatrice Davis da Nan McDonald .

Ta auri mawallafin Alec Bolton (1926–1996), waɗanda ta haɗu da su sa’ad da suke aiki a Angus da Robertson, a Sydney, kuma suna da yara uku. A cikin waɗannan shekarun Sydney ta zama sananne sosai tare da sauran marubuta da masu fasaha, irin su mawallafi Douglas Stewart da matarsa mai zane, Margaret Coen, marubuci kuma mai zane Norman Lindsay, Kenneth Slessor, da James McAuley . Sun zauna a Landan daga 1966 zuwa 1971, a lokacin da ta yi balaguro a Turai da yawa kuma ta tabbatar da sha'awarta na fasaha ta rayuwa. 

Boltons sun ƙaura zuwa Canberra a cikin 1971 inda Alec Bolton ya kafa yankin Publications na National Library of Australia . A Canberra sun kasance abokantaka tare da David Campbell, AD Hope, RF Brissenden da Dorothy Green . Yayin da lokaci ya ci gaba, da'irar gida ta fadada don haɗawa da ƙananan marubuta irin su Alan Gould da Geoff Page . 

Babbar 'yar uwarta, Ruth Dobson, ta zama mace ta farko da ta zama jakadiyar diflomasiya a Australia. 

Rosemary Dobson ta mutu a gidan jinya na Canberra a ranar 27 ga Yuni 2012. 

## Aikin adabi
Dobson ya fara rubuta waƙa tun yana ɗan shekara bakwai.  Tarin ta na farko, *A cikin Mirror Convex*, ya bayyana a cikin 1944, kuma ya biyo bayan wasu littattafai goma sha uku. Ayyukanta suna nuna ƙaunarta na fasaha, tsohuwar tarihi da tatsuniyoyi  da kuma kwarewarta na uwa. Hooton ya kwatanta aikinta kamar yadda ya dace kuma ya bambanta: "daidaitacce daidai da iri-iri, ajiyewa tare da sha'awa, baya tare da yanzu, al'ada tare da sababbin abubuwa, tsohuwar labari tare da rayuwa ta zamani, gida tare da al'adu, kuma sama da dukan Australia tare da Turai. 

Douglas Stewart ya ba da shawarar cewa ita "mai addini ce a cikin zurfi kuma mafi mahimmanci".  A cikin gabatarwarta ga *Zaɓaɓɓun Waƙoƙinta* na 1973, Dobson ya rubuta game da manufofinta:“Ina fatan za a gane cewa wakokin da aka gabatar a nan wani bangare ne na neman wani abu kawai da aka hango kawai, wani yanayi na alheri wanda a da ya sani, ko ya yi tunaninsa, ko kuma aka mayar da shi baya, tabbas duk wanda ya rubuta waka zai yarda. wannan wani bangare ne na shi – burin halaka amma cikin gaggawa don bayyana abin da ba a iya bayyanawa ba”. Bugu da ƙari, waƙar ta samar da tarihin tarihi ciki har da biyu, tare da mawallafin David Campbell, wanda ke dauke da fassarar su na waƙar Rasha. Ta kuma rubuta karin magana.

## Brindabella Press
A cikin 1972, mijin Dobson, Alec Bolton, ya kafa Brindabella Press wanda ya yi aiki har tsawon rayuwarsa, yana aiki sosai bayan ya yi ritaya daga ɗakin karatu a 1987. Dobson yana da shigarwar a matsayin mai ba da shawara na edita kuma mai karanta hujja.  Ita da Bolton sun ji daɗin fasahar 'yan jaridu masu zaman kansu a lokacin da saitin nau'in kwamfuta ke ɗaukar nauyi tare da samar da ingantaccen samfuri. 

Littattafai biyu na farko daga manema labarai, waɗanda aka buga a cikin 1973, ƙananan bugu ne na wasu waƙoƙin Dobson mai taken *waƙoƙi uku kan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa* da ƙaramin littafin waƙa na David Campbell mai taken *Farawa daga Tsakiyar Tasha. : jerin wakoki* .

## Hotuna
Norman Lindsay ya yi hotuna guda uku na Dobson, na farko a shawarar Douglas Stewart wanda ya ba da shawarar ya zana ko fenti marubutan Australiya.  Hoton farko na Lindsay na Dobson zane ne, amma sai aka ba shi shawarar ya yi zanen mai. Lindsay ta nemi ta sa rigarta maraice mai launin fure. Wannan zanen yanzu mallakar National Library of Ostiraliya ne, kamar yadda rigar da ta saka don hoton.  Dobson ya zauna a karo na uku ga Lindsay, bisa ga bukatarsa kuma sanye da tufafin shawararsa. Wannan hoton yanzu ya ɓace. 

Mawallafin Thea Proctor ya yi zane huɗu na Dobson yayin da Dobson ke halartar darussan fasaha na Proctor. 

## Kyauta

* 1948: The Sydney Morning Herald Poetry Prize *don Jirgin Kankara*
* 1966 lambar yabo ta Myer II don waƙar Ostiraliya don *zakara Crow* 
* 1977 Memba na Babban Jami'ar Ostiraliya 
* 1979: Kyautar Robert Frost
* 1984: Patrick White Award
* 1984: Kyautar Grace Leven don Waƙa don Mafi kyawun Juzu'in Waƙoƙi na Shekara *Ƙaddara Uku & Sauran Waƙoƙi*
* 1985: Kyautar wallafe-wallafen Premier ta Victorian don Haɗin gwiwar *Fates Uku*
* 1986: Ƙungiyar don Nazarin Adabin Australiya Memba na Rayuwa mai Girma
* 1987: Jami'in Order of Australia (AO) 
* 1996: Kyautar Marubuci na Majalisar Australiya
* 1996: Jami'ar Sydney Honorary Doctor of Letters
* 2001: Littafin Shekaru na Littafin Shekara na Shekara da Kyaututtukan Waƙoƙi don *Rayuwar da Ba a Faɗawa ba & Waƙoƙi na baya*
* 2006: Kyautar NSW Alice
* 2006: Kyauta ta Musamman na Kyautar Adabin Firimiyar New South Wales

## Littafi Mai Tsarki
**Waka**

* *A cikin Madubin Convex* (Dymocks, 1944)
* *Jirgin Kankara* ( Angus &amp;amp; Robertson, 1948)
* *Yaro mai Cockatoo* (Angus & Robertson, 1955)
* *Waqoqin Da Aka Zaba* (Angus & Robertson, 1963)
* *Cock Crow* (Angus & Robertson, 1965)
* *L'Enfant ko Cacatoès* trans. M. Diesendorf & L. Dautheuil (Pierre Seghers, 1965)
* *Waqoqin Da Aka Zaba* (Angus & Robertson, 1973) 
* *Coins Greek: Jerin wakoki* (Brindabella, 1977) 
* *Over the Frontier* (Angus & Robertson, 1978) 
* *Ci gaba da Waƙar* (Brindabella, 1981) 
* *Kaddara Uku & Sauran Waqoqin* (Hale & Iremonger, 1984) 
* *Gani da Imani* (NLA, 1990) 
* *Waqoqin Da Aka Tattara* (Collins/Angus & Robertson, 1991) 
* *Rayuwar da Ba a Faɗawa ba & Waƙoƙi na Baya* (Brandl & Schlesinger, 2000) 
* *Wakoki don Rike ko A Bar* (Ampersand Duck, 2008) 
* *Rosemary Dobson An tattara* (UQP, 2012) 
* *Lokacin bazara ya ƙare* waƙar diptych

**Fassara**

* *Moscow Trefoil: Wakoki daga Rashawa na Anna Akhmatova da Osip Mandelstam* tare da David Campbell da Natalie Staples (ANU, 1975) 
* *Mawakan Rasha Bakwai: Kwaikwayo* tare da David Campbell (UQP, 1980) 

**Ba-Almara**

* *Mai da hankali kan Ray Crooke* (UQP, 1971) 
* *Duniyar Bambanci: Waƙar Australiya da zane a cikin 1940s* (Wentworth Press, 1973) 

## Gado
An ba da lambar yabo ta Rosemary Dobson a matsayin wani ɓangare na lambar yabo ta ACT Poetry ta Gwamnatin ACT tsakanin 2005 zuwa 2011, don waƙar da wani mawaƙin Australiya ya buga. 

## Bayanan kula

* Adelaide, Debra (1988) *Marubuta Matan Australiya: Jagorar Littafi Mai Tsarki*, London, Pandora
* Anderson, DJ (1996) ''Cigaban Kyautar Kyauta ga Rosemary Dobson AO''
* Bolton, Rosemary Dobson (2005) "Tufa mai launin fure", *Laburaren Ƙasa na Labaran Ostiraliya*, XV (9): 7-9, Yuni 2005
* Hooton, Joy (ed) (2000a) *Rosemary Dobson: Bikin*, Laburaren Ƙasa na Ostiraliya 
* Hooton, Joy (2000b) "Rosemary Dobson: Rayuwar Yin Waƙa" a cikin Hooton, Joy (ed) (2000) *Rosemary Dobson: Biki*, Laburaren Ƙasa na Ostiraliya 
* Sharhi na Alƙalan Adabi na Premier NSW
* Smith, Graeme Kinross (1980) *Marubutan Australiya*, West Melbourne, Nelson
* Tranter, John Ernest.  "Hira: Rosemary Dobson a tattaunawa da John Tranter, 8 Disamba 2004." Kalmomi 5,800, an kwatanta. 
* Wilde, W., Hooton, J. & Andrews, B (1994) *Abokin Oxford na Adabin Australiya* ed na biyu. South Melbourne, Jami'ar Oxford Press

## Manazarta