Ramadan

**Ramadan** (Larabci رمضان) Watan Musulunci ne na tara, kuma a cikin sa ne aka saukar da Alqur'ani ga Annabi Muhammad (s.a.w).

Azumin Musulunci a watan *Ramadan* na daya daga cikin shika shikan Musulunci guda biyar. Musulmi kan azumci watan iyakar tsayin sa kullum tun daga fitowar alfijir har ya zuwa faduwar rana. Musulmi sunyi imani da fadin an saukar da Alkur'ani ne a watan na ramadan wanda ake yin wahayin sa a hankali a hankali daga Allah zuwa ga Annabi Muhammad (s.a.w) ta hannun dan aiken Allah Mala'ika Jibrilu. Annabi ya fada ma musulmai "Ana bude dukkannin kofofin Aljannah kuma ana kulle kofofin Jahannama tare da daure shaidanu a watan na Ramadan". Daga karshen watan ana gabatar da bikin karamar sallah. Kuma wata ne da ake gabatar da sallar asham, raka'a goma. Ana yawaita sadaka da ayyukan alheri musamman musulmai masu neman rabauta da Duniya da lahira.

## Lokuta
Lokuta a watan Ramadan.

A kowani goman karshen watan Ramadan Ana saran samun rana daya wanda ake kira da lailatul kadri  a larabce. 
Wannan rana alqur'an mai girma yayi bayanin cewa wannan ranar ko kuma daren yafi rana ko dare dubu. Domin kuwa duk wanda yayi sa'ar wannan daren lailatul kadri duk Addu'ar da yayi ta amsu.

## '''Asali'''
Kalmar *Ramadan* ta samo asali ne daga tushen Larabci *RM-Ḍ* (  ) "zafi mai zafi",  wanda shine kalmar fi'ili na Larabci " *ramiɗa* (  . )" ma'ana "zama zafi sosai - zama mai konewa; zama mai zafi; ku kasance kuna haskakawa; mai haske"

Wasu suna ganin watan Ramadan a matsayin daya daga cikin sunayen Allah a Musulunci, don haka ya zo a cikin hadisai da dama cewa an hana fadin “Ramadan” kawai dangane da watan kalandar kuma ya wajaba a ce “wata”. na Ramadan", kamar yadda aka ruwaito a Sunna,   Shi’a   da Zaidi  kafofin. Duk da haka, an yiwa rahoton daraja Mawḍūʻ (an kirkira)  kuma ba shi da inganci .

A cikin harshen Farisa, harafin Larabci  ( *[[ɗa|Ḍād]]* ) ana kiransa da /z/. Al'ummar Musulmi a wasu kasashe masu tasirin Farisa na tarihi, irin su Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Iran, Indiya, Pakistan da Turkiyya, suna amfani da kalmar *Ramazan* ko *Ramzan* . Ana amfani da kalmar *Romzan* a Bangladesh

## Tarihi
Musulmai sun yarda cewa an saukar da dukkan nassosi a cikin watan Ramadan, littattafan Ibrahim, Attaura, Zabura, Injila, da Alqur'ani an saukar da su a na farko, na shida, da sha biyu, da na goma sha uku (a wasu kafofin, na sha takwas)  da ashirin da hudu. Ramadan,  bi da bi.  An ce Muhammad ya samu wahayinsa na farko &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup> a ranar ''[[Lailatul kadari|Lailatul Kadr]]'', daya daga cikin darare biyar da suke fadowa a cikin kwanaki goma na karshen watan Ramadan. 

Duk da cewa an fara umurtar musulmi da yin azumi a shekara ta biyu ta ''[[shekarar Hijira|Hijira]]'' (624 Miladiyya),  sun yi imanin cewa yin azumi a haqiqanin gaskiya ba bidi'a ce ta [[tauhidi]] ba  sai dai ya zama wajibi ga muminai su samu ''[[takawa]]'' . ( [[Tsoron Allah]] ).  [Quran 2:183 ] Suna nuni da cewa [[Addini a larabawa jahiliyya|maguzawan Makka kafin musulunci]] sun yi azumi a ranar goma ga watan [[Muharram]] don [[Propitiation|kankare zunubi]] da gujewa [[fari]] .  </link>[[Philip Jenkins ne adam wata|Philip Jenkins]] ya bayar da hujjar cewa kiyaye azumin Ramadan ya girma ne daga "tsattsarin horo na [[Lenten]] na [[Kiristanci na Siriya|Ikklisiya na Siriya]] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D; sakon da wasu malamai suka tabbatar, ciki har da masanin tauhidi Paul-Gordon Chandler,   amma jayayya da wasu malaman musulmi.

## Dangantaka da Yahudawa da Yom Kippur
Kamar yadda Al-Bukhari ya ruwaito, Muhmmad da farko ya zabi ranar azumi ne a matsayin ranar Ashura (ranar 10 ga wata na daya), watakila Yom Kippur na Yahudawa ne.  Daga baya an maye gurbin wannan azumi da azumin watan 9 (Ramadan). 

## '''Muhimman kwanaki'''
Kwanakin farko da na karshen watan ramadan ana kayyade su ne bisa kalandar Musulunci ta wata. Saboda jinjirin wata *[[Hijira kalanda|na Hilāl]]*, ko kuma jinjirin wata, yana faruwa kusan kwana ɗaya bayan jinjirin wata, yawanci Musulmai na iya ƙididdige farkon watan Ramadan;  duk da haka, da yawa  ya fi son tabbatar da buxewar watan Ramadan ta hanyar kallon jinjirin watan.

## Daren Lailatul kadari
*[[Lailatul ƙadari|Daren lailatul]]* kadari ana daukar dare mafi tsarki na shekara.   An yi imani da cewa ya faru ne a wani dare mai adadi a cikin goman karshe na Ramadan; Dawud Bohra sun yi imanin cewa *Lailatul Kadr* ita ce dare na ashirin da uku na Ramadan. 

Hukuncin *Eid al-Fitr* (Larabci: عيد الفطر), wanda ke nuna karshen watan Ramadan da farkon *[[Shawwal]]*,  wata mai zuwa, ana ayyana shi ne bayan an ga jinjirin wata ko kuma bayan cika kwanaki talatin. na azumi idan ba a ga wata ba. *Idi* na murnar dawowar dabi'ar dabi'a ( *fitra* ) na ci, sha, da kusancin aure. 

## Ayyukan addini
Al'adar gama gari ita ce yin azumi daga fitowar alfijir zuwa faduwar rana. Ana kiran abincin da ake yin sahur kafin azumin *[[Sahur|suhur]]*, yayin da ake kiran abincin da ke karya azumi a lokacin *[[Iftar (Budar Baki)|faduwar rana]]* . 

Muslims devote more time to prayer and acts of charity, striving to improve their self-discipline, motivated by hadith: "When Ramadan arrives, the gates of Paradise are opened and the gates of hell are locked up and devils are put in chains."

## Azumi
Ramadan lokaci ne na tunani na ruhaniya, inganta kai, da daukaka ibada da ibada. Ana sa ran Musulmi za su kara himma wajen bin koyarwar Musulunci . Azumi ( *sawm* ) yana farawa ne da alfijir kuma yana ƙarewa da faduwar rana. Baya ga nisantar ci da sha a wannan lokaci, musulmi kan kaurace wa jima'i  da maganganun zunubai da dabi'u a cikin azumi ko wata na Ramadan. An ce aikin azumi yana nisantar da zuciya daga ayyukan duniya, manufarsa ita ce tsarkake ruhi ta hanyar 'yantar da ita daga kazanta. Musulmai sun yi imani da cewa Ramadan yana koya musu horon kai, kamun kai,  sadaukarwa, da tausaya wa wadanda ba su da wadata, don haka yana karfafa ayyukan karimci da *[[zakka]]* .  Musulmai kuma sun yi imanin cewa azumi yana taimakawa wajen haifar da tausayi ga matalauta da ba su da abinci.

## Manazarta