Rosario Cooper

**Rosario Cooper** (1845-1917)  mace ce ta *yak tityu tityu yak [[Obispeño language|tiłhini]]* (Northern Chumash)  wacce ita ce mai magana da tiłhini na karshe (wanda aka fi sani da Obispeño Chumash),  kodayake ba ta taɓa magana ko jin shi tun tana yarinya. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata na rayuwarta, Rosario ta yi aiki tare da masanin harshe JP Harrington don dawo da abin da za ta iya tunawa da yaren ta, kuma ma'aurata sun sami damar yin rubuce-rubuce game da tsarin nahawu, sunayen wurare, waƙoƙi, da ilimin al'adu kafin ta mutu a shekara ta 1917.  Cooper an dauke shi a matsayin mai magana da aka sani na karshe na Obispeño,  kodayake an sami wasu sabuntawa na baya-bayan nan. 

## Rayuwa ta farko da iyali
An haifi Cooper a ranar 5 ga Oktoba, 1845.  Mahaifinta shi ne Dr. Valentin "Frank" Cooper likita ne daga Ingila mahaifiyarta Ana Maria Higuera ce daga Ofishin Jakadancin La Purisima da ke cikin abin da aka sani a yau da Santa Barbara County .  Bayan mahaifiyarta ta mutu a shekara ta 1851, 'yar'uwarta Agostina ce ta haifi Cooper. A lokacin aikinta tare da Harrington, Cooper ta auri mijinta na uku, Mauro Soto, kuma sun zauna tare a yankin Lopez Canyon a Arroyo Grande .  Cooper yana da aƙalla 'ya'ya uku, ɗaya daga cikinsu ne kawai ya tsira daga jariri. Dan Cooper, Francisco Olivas, wanda aka haifa wa William Olivas da Rosario Cooper, ya kasance uba ga yara da jikoki da yawa, da yawa daga cikinsu har yanzu suna zaune a California kuma suna ci gaba da gadon Cooper. 

Wani firist na Franciscan ne ya yi wa Cooper baftisma a San Luis Obispo, kuma ta yi amfani da addinin Roman Katolika da na 'yan asalin ƙasar. Bugu da kari, aikin Cooper tare da Harrington ya bayyana cewa tana da sha'awar haihuwa kuma tana da ilimin tsire-tsire na asali wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don dalilai na warkarwa. Ba da daɗewa ba kafin ta mutu a 1917, Cooper ta taimaka wajen haihuwar ɗaya daga cikin jikokinta.

## Dokar Gida ta 1862
Rosario Cooper ya nemi, kuma ya karɓi, kadada 160 na ƙasar da aka rarraba a ƙarƙashin Dokar Gida ta 1862 a San Luis Obispo County. An kammala aikace-aikacen (Homestead Certificate 6143, Application 11463) a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba, 1896. Dokar Gida ta 1862 ta kasance mai lahani ga yawancin 'yan asalin Amurka kuma ta taimaka wajen ci gaba da kisan kare dangi na' yan asalin Amurka.

## Yin aiki tare da masanin ilimin ɗan adam JP Harrington
Daga shekara ta 1914 zuwa shekara ta 1916 na kimanin makonni shida ko bakwai, Cooper ta yi aiki tare da masanin harshe J.P. Harrington don rubuta abin da za ta iya tunawa da yaren ta, Obispeño .  Duk da kalubalen da Cooper da Harrington ke fuskanta, kamar yadda Cooper ke raguwa da lafiyarta da kuma gaskiyar cewa Cooper mai yiwuwa ba ta magana ko jin yarinta ba tun tana yarinya, ma'aurata sun ci gaba da rubuta ilimin harshe da al'adu game da 'yan asalin da suka taɓa zama a cikin yankin San Luis Obispo County.  

Babban abin da Harrington ya mayar da hankali a matsayin masanin harshe shi ne takardun harshen Obispeño da tsarin nahawu, amma ta hanyar tambayoyinsu sun kuma sami damar yin rikodin ilimin al'adu da ya shafi al'adun kayan asali,  abinci da amfani da tsire-tsire da dabbobi na asali,  imani da ayyuka na asali,  sunayen wuri,   da waƙoƙi da rawa   Cooper kuma ta ba da labarin labaru da abubuwan da suka faru daga ƙuruciyarta waɗanda suka nuna dangantaka da mutane a rayuwarta waɗanda suka kasance da muhimmanci a gare ta. [4]

### Al'adun kayan aiki
Tun tana yarinya, Rosario ta tuna kallon mahaifiyarta da kuma yadda ta fara wuta ta amfani da sanduna masu juyawa, kuma ta yi gashin gashi da aka saka da beads na gilashi don siyarwa. Ta kuma bayyana wasan da aka buga tare da walnuts cike da giya ta 'yan asalin Yokuts.

### Abinci da amfani da tsire-tsire da dabbobi na asali
Cooper ta kuma yi magana game da abincin gargajiya na tsire-tsire da aka tattara kuma aka shirya ta mata na asali a rayuwarta, kamar islay da acorns. Idan aka ba da kusanci da gabar tekun California, Rosario ya kuma ba da rahoton amfani da abinci na ruwa, kamar tattara clams a Avila Beach da amfani da urchins na teku don abinci da dalilai na magani.

### Ruhaniya da ayyuka na asali
A lokacin tambayoyin, Cooper ta gaya wa Harrington game da amfani da 'yan asalin da tsoron ayyukan ruhaniya, wanda, ta ruwaito, ya haifar da mutuwar' yan uwanta da yawa. Cooper kuma ya gaya wa Harrington wani labari game da lokacin da aka yi wa mahaifiyarta sihiri, sannan ya nemi taimakon wani likita-mutum, wanda ya yi amfani da dabaru kamar azumi, waka, da zubar da jini don warkar da ita.

Kodayake gabatarwar Mutanen Espanya game da Katolika a duk faɗin California ya katse wasu imani na asali, Cooper ya ce Chumash sun yi imani da rana, wata, taurari, Bear, da Coyote. Cooper kuma yana da tunanin tsofaffin matan Chumash da ke miƙa hadayu a bakin teku ga dabbobi na ruwa kamar dolphins  da swordfish. 

## manazarta