open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Amnesty International South Africa

Amnesty International a Africa ta kudu (AI SA). Kungiya ce ta Afirka ta Kudu da ke aiki don kawo karshen cin zarafin bil'adama tare da ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa ta Amnesty International .

## Tarihi
An kafa Amnesty International ta Afirka ta Kudu a cikin shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da casa'in 1990 kuma ta girma daga farkon farawa don zama babban mai gudanarwa a cikin sauyawar dimukuradiyya na Afirka ta Kudu da kuma wani muhimmin bangare na ƙungiyar Amnesty ta duniya, ta karɓi bakuncin Amnesty International ICM a cikin 1997. A yau Amnesty International Afirka ta Kudu ta ci gaba da yada manufofinta a bangarori da yawa ciki har da ilimin haƙƙin ɗan adam, haƙƙin mata, kula da makamai na Zimbabwe.  

## Manazarta
Babban Taron jihar Delaware na 111

**Babban Taron Delaware na 111** ya kasance taron majalisa na gwamnatin jihar, wanda ya kunshi Majalisar Dattijai ta jihar Delaware da Majalisar Wakilai ta jihar Delaware. An gudanar da zabe a ranar Talata ta farko a ranar ɗaya ga watan Nuwamba 1 kuma an kafa sharuɗɗa a Dover a ranar Talatas ta farko a watan Janairu. Wannan kwanan wata shine ranar Bakwai ga watan Janairu na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da arba'in da ɗaya 1941, wanda ya kasance makonni biyu kafin farkon shekarar gudanarwa ta farko ta Gwamna Walter W. Bacon da Isaac J. MacCollum a matsayin Mataimakin Gwamna.

A halin yanzu an rarraba kujerun Majalisar Dattijai ga sanatoci bakwai na New Castle County da kuma sanatoci biyar ga kowane Kent da Sussex counties. Hakazalika an rarraba kujerun Majalisar Dokoki na yanzu zuwa wakilai goma sha biyar na New Castle County da wakilai goma kowannensu zuwa Kent da Sussex counties. Canjin yawan jama'a na gundumar bai shafi yawan sanatoci ko wakilai kai tsaye ba a wannan lokacin.

A cikin zaman 111 na Majalisar Dattijai ta Delaware duka majalisun biyu suna da rinjaye na Jamhuriyar Republican.

## Jagora

### Majalisar Dattawa

* Harold W.T. Purnell, Sussex County, Jamhuriyar Republican

### Gidan Wakilai

* George W. Rhodes, New Castle County, Jamhuriyar Republican

## Mambobin

### Majalisar Dattawa
Kimanin rabin Sanatocin Jiha ana zabar su a kowace shekara biyu don wa'adin shekaru hudu. Sun fito ne daga wani gunduma a cikin takamaiman gundumar, tare da yawan gundumomi da kundin tsarin mulkin jihar ya ƙayyade, ba girman yawan jama'a ba.

### Gidan Wakilai
Ana zabar dukkan wakilan jihohi a kowace shekara biyu don wa'adin shekaru biyu. Sun fito ne daga wani gunduma a cikin takamaiman gundumar, tare da yawan gundumomi da kundin tsarin mulkin jihar ya ƙayyade, ba girman yawan jama'a ba.

## Manazarta
 

## Wuraren da ke da ƙarin bayani
Abahlali base Mjondolo

**Abahlali baseMjondolo** (**AbM**, furcin Zulu: [aɓaˈɬali ɓ disputasdʒɔˈndɔːlo], a cikin Turanci: "mazaunan shacks"). ƙungiya ce ta mazaunan shacks a Afirka ta Kudu wacce da farko ke kamfen don ƙasa, gidaje da mutunci, don dimokuradiyya al'umma daga ƙasa da kuma adawa da xenophobia.

Wannan yunkuri ya fito ne daga toshewar hanya da aka shirya daga ƙauyen Kennedy Road a birnin Durban a farkon shekara ta 2005 kuma tun daga lokacin ya fadada zuwa wasu sassan Afirka ta Kudu. Ya zuwa Oktoba 2022 ya yi iƙirarin cewa yana da mambobi sama da 115,000 a cikin rassa 81 a cikin larduna huɗu daga cikin tara na Afirka ta Kudu - KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, Gabashin Cape da Gauteng . 

Fiye da ashirin daga cikin shugabannin ta an kashe su, wani abunda yasa akayi zargi a kan majalisa mai mulki na Afirka.

Ercument Celik ya rubuta cewa "Na fiskanci irin yadda ƙungiyar ke gudanar da tarurrukanta ta hanyar dimokuradiyya".

A Wani labarin da aka yi a cikin The Times ya bayyana cewa yunkurin "ya girgiza yanayin siyasa na Afirka ta Kudu.  Masanin kimiyya Peter Vale ya rubuta cewa Abahlali baseMjondolo "tare da Kamfen ɗin Ayyukan Magunguna shine mafi inganci a cikin al'ummar farar hula ta Afirka ta Kudu".  Khadija Patel ta rubuta cewa yunkuri ne "a kan gaba na sabon guguwar siyasa".  

## Manazarta
Ndifuna Ukwazi

**Ndifuna Ukwazi** (NU), wanda aka fassara daga isiXhosa: Dare to Know,  kungiya ce mai ba da shawara ba tare da neman riba ba ta Afirka ta Kudu da aka kafa a shekarar 2011 don ba da shawara ga gidaje masu araha a cikin birane masu kyau. Kungiyar tana yin hakan ta hanyar gudanar da bincike kan manufofi, kungiyar al'umma, bayar da shawarwari ga jama'a, shari'a, da kuma samar da ayyukan shari'a. Yawancin ayyukan kungiyar sunfi  mai da hankali ne kan al'ummomi a cikin Birnin Cape Town.

Kungiyar ta kasance mai sukar manufofi da ayyukan Birnin Cape Town game da 'yan sanda akan talakawa da marasa gida,  kora,  da sayar da dukiyar Birnin maimakon amfani da shi don gidaje masu araha. Har ila yau, kungiyar ta soki Hukumar 'yan sanda ta Afirka ta Kudu (SAPS)  da Ma'aikatar Tsaro  saboda manufofinta akan gidaje na birane.

## Manazarta
QQ Section

**Sashe na QQ** sashe ne wanda aka fi sani da Tambo Park, an kafa shi ne a cikin shekarar 1989 sa'annan kuma wani yanki ne na ba da izini a cikin rukunin yanar gizon B na Khayelitsha a Afirka ta Kudu.  

## Manazarta
Death of Nqobile Nzuza

**Nqobile Nzuza** ya kasance mazaunin Marikana Land Occupation a Cato Crest, wanda yake wani ɓangare ne na Cato Manor dake  Durban,a Afirka ta Kudu. Ta kasance memba ce na ƙungiyar mazaunan shago Abahlali baseMjondolo.
No Land! No House! No Vote! (book)

***Muryoyi daga Symphony Way.*** Muryoyi daga Symphony Way.

Mai fafutuka kuma marubuci Raj Patel ne ya rubuta gabatarwa ga littafin, kuma Miloon Kothari ne ya rubuta gabatarwar, tsohon Mai ba da rahoto na Musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan isasshen gidaje.  

## Manazarta
EKhenana Commune

Gundumar eKhenana (Turanci: Kan'ana Commune). Sanannen yanki ne a cikin tarihin ma'aikata na Cato Manor a Durban, Afirka ta Kudu .   A cewar Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Tattalin Arziki "An shirya ƙauyen eKhenana a matsayin hadin gwiwa, inda mazauna ke gudanar da kantin abinci na al'umma da kantin sayar da abinci, gidan wasan kwaikwayo, shayari da ayyukan kiɗa, da kuma kula da lambun kayan lambu mai sunan marigayi Nkululeko Gwala [wanda aka kashe a shekarar 2013], da kuma gonar kaji mai suna don girmama marigayi Sfiso" Ngcobo [wanda aka sace a 2018]. Gundumar tana da wutar lantarki  kuma tana da makarantar siyasa da mazauna ke kira Frantz Fanon School, da kuma Thuli Ndlovu Community Hall [an kashe Ndlovu a shekarar 2014].  Gundumar ta sha wahala sosai ta siyasa, ciki har da kama mutane da yawa da kisan kai uku a shekarar dubu biyu da Ashirin da biyu 2022.

## Manazarta
Ba Ƙasa! Ba Gida! Ba Ƙuri'a!

**Ba Ƙasa! Ba Gida! Ba Ƙuri'a!** (Turanci *No Land! No House! No Vote!*) Shine sunan gangamin da wasu ƙungiyoyin talakawa suka yi a Afirka ta Kudu waɗanda ake kira da kauracewa kuri'a da kuma ƙin siyasa da banki. Sunan yana nufin cewa idan gwamnati ba ta ba da batutuwan da suka shafi al'ummomin da abin ya shafa ba (kamar ƙasa da gidaje) waɗannan ƙungiyoyi ba za su jefa kuri'a ba.

## Manazarta
Marikana land occupation (Durban)

A watan Maris na shekarar dubu biyu da sha uku (2013), kusan mutane dubu sun mamaye wani yanki a Cato Crest, Durban kuma sun ba shi suna Marikana bayan yajin aikin ma'aikatan Marikana. Magajin garin James Nxumalo ya zargi zaman da baƙi sukayi daga Gabashin Cape.   An soki shi sosai saboda wannan ta hanyar ƙungiyar mazaunan shago Abahlali baseMjondolo wanda ya ce "Gidan Gida yana da ja da jini". 

## Manazarta
Mamaye ƙasar Marikana (Cape Town)

A ranar Ashirin da bakwai 27 ga watan Afrilun shekarar dubu biyu da sha uku 2013, hutun jama'a na kasa na Ranar 'Yanci a Afirka ta Kudu wanda wasu ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa suka kira Ranar UnFreedom, membobin Abahlali baseMjondolo sun mamaye wani yanki a Philippi, Cape Town. Watanni biyu bayan korar mutane 90 da akayi, har yanzu suna barci a shafin a ƙarƙashin alfarwa.

An nakalto Cindy Ketani a cikin Red Pepper tana cewa "Lokacin da suka zo su lalata waɗannan shaguna, ba su nuna mana umarni ko takardu ba. Suna fitar da waɗannan mutane kamar karnuka".

A cikin shekarar 2017, Babban Kotun Yammacin Cape ta watsar da aikace-aikacen masu mallakar ƙasa don korar mazaunan Marikana. Kotun ta umarci Birnin Cape Town da ya tattauna da masu mallakar ƙasar don sayen ƙasar don biyan bukatun gidaje na mazauna.
## Manazarta
Mamaye ƙauyen kasar Macassar

Yunkurin Abahlali baseMjondolo ya mamaye wani yanki na mallakar jihar a ƙauyen Macassar, kusa da Somerset West a wajen Cape Town a ranar 18 ga watan Mayu a shekarar 2009. Daga baya rundunar mamayewar gari ta lalata aikin.
Anarchism

**Anarchism** na nufin zamantakewa - tattalin arziki siyasa da cigaba.

## Abubuwa masu alaka

* Kwaminisanci
* Adin Ballou
* Agnes Inglis
* Bhagat Singh
* Iduma Igariwey Enwo
* Leo Tolstoy
* Marta Ackelsberg
* Sunan Federn
Kennedy Road, Durban

**Hanyar Kennedy** wani yanki ne na al'ada a Durban (eThekwini), a lardin KwaZulu-Natal a Afirka ta Kudu . An kafa shi a ƙarshen shekarun 1970s ko farkon shekarun 1980s, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka (ANC) ta ambaci sulhu bayan ƙarshen wariyar launin fata amma ba a inganta abubuwan more rayuwa ba. Rashin gamsuwa da 'yan majalisa na gida ya haifar da zanga-zangar shekarar 2005 ciki har da toshe hanya, daga abin da mazaunan shago da Abahlali baseMjondolo (AbM) suka kafa. A cikin shekara ta 2009, an kai hari kan wani taron AbM wanda ya haifar da mutuwar mutane biyu da shari'ar kotu. A kusa kusan nan, karamar hukumar ta inganta kayan aiki kuma ta yi alkawarin sake komawa mazauna.

## Manazarta
KwaMashu

Sunan yana girmama Sir Marshall Campbell,kuma yana nufin *Wurin Marshall*. KwaMashu tana da iyaka da Newlands East ta kudu, Newlands West ta yamma, Ntuzuma ta arewa, Phoenix daga arewa maso gabas, Dutsen Edgecombe daga gabas da Kuma Durban North daga kudu maso gabas.

## Manazarta
Dlamini King Brothers

**Dlamini King Brothers** mawaƙa ne na isicathamiya daga ƙauyen Kennedy Road a Durban, yankin Afirka ta Kudu.  An kafa su ne a cikin shekarar 1999 kuma sun lashe kyaututtuka da yawa. A watan Janairun shekarar 2009 sun fito da kundi na farko *Hlis'uMoya* wanda ya ƙunshi cakuda waƙoƙin addini da siyasa. Sau da yawa suna yin wasan kwaikwayo a abubuwan da aka shirya ta ƙungiyar Abahlali baseMjondolo kuma sun rubuta waƙoƙi ga ƙungiyar.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin hadi na waje
* Photographs of the Dlamini King Brothers performing at the Time of the Writer Festival, Durban, March 2009
* Music video
*Abahlali  by the Dlamini King Brothers
Nkululeko Gwala

**Nkululeko Gwala** (ya mutu a shekara ta 2013). Asalinsa daga Inchanga a KwaZulu Natal yake. Ya kasance mazaunin Cato Crest, wanda yake wani ɓangare na Cato Manor a Durban, kuma mai goyon bayan Marikana Land Occupation (Durban). Ya kuma kasance fitaccen memba na ƙungiyar jama'a ta Abahlali baseMjondolo kuma shugaban reshen Cato Crest .   An kashe shi a ranar 26 ga watan Yuni a shekarar 2013. 

## Manazarta
S'bu Zikode

**Sibusiso Innocent Zikode** shi ne shugaban ƙungiyar mazaunan shago na Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ya kafa tare da wasu a shekara ta dubu biyu da biyar 2005.  Abahlali baseMjondolo  ya yi iƙirarin cewa yana da membobin da aka biya sama da 115000 a duk faɗin Afirka ta Kudu.  A cewar *Mail & Guardian* "A karkashin kulawarsa, ABM ta sami ci gaba mai kyau don haƙƙin gidaje".  

## Manazarta
Louisa Motha

**Louisa Motha** ta kasance mai kula da ƙungiyar Abahlali baseMjondolo na shekaru da yawa tun daga shekara ta dubu biyu da hudu 2004.  Tana zaune ne a cikin ƙauyen Motala Heights a Pinetown kusa da birnin Durban dake yankin Afirka ta Kudu.

Motha ta zama abokiyar ɗan gwagwarmaya Shamita Naidoo lokacin da suka haɗu suna wanke tufafinsu a cikin kogi.

An san ta sosai da shirya adawa da korar mutane, kuma ta kasance mai sukar Dokar Slums.  Sa'annan kuma ta fara ƙungiyar kula da lambu ta mata da ake kira Motola Diggers . 

## Manazarta
Raj Patel

**Raj Patel** (an haife shi a shekarar 1972). Masanin kimiyya ne na kasar Burtaniya, ɗan jarida, mai fafutuka kuma marubuci  wanda ya zauna kuma ya yi aiki a Zimbabwe,a yankin Afirka ta Kudu, da Amurka na dogon lokaci.  

## Manazarta
Zodwa Nsibande

**Zodwa Nsibande** ya kasance Babban Sakatare na kungiyar matasa ta Abahlali a shekarar dubu biyu da Tara 2009.  Ta kasance mai sukar tasirin gasar cin Kofin Duniya na FIFA na 2010 a kan mazauna shack a Durban . 

A shekara ta dubu biyu da Tara 2009 dole ya sa ta shiga ɓoye bayan barazanar da hare-hare a kanta  da sauran shugabannin Abahlali baseMjondolo. 

## Manazarta
Elman Peace and Human Rights Center

**Cibiyar Zaman Lafiya da 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Elman.** Kungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke zaune a Mogadishu, a kasar Somaliya . Fartuun Adan ce ta kafa ta don girmama marigayi mijinta Elman Ali Ahmed, ɗan kasuwa na gida kuma mai fafutukar zaman lafiya. An kafa kungiyar ne a cikin shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da casa'in (1990), kuma an sadaukar da ita don inganta zaman lafiya, haɓaka jagoranci da kuma karfafa wa 'yan majalisa da aka ware su zama masu yanke shawara a cikin hanyoyin da ke tabbatar da jin daɗinsu.

Shirin farko na kasar don taimakawa wadanda ke fama da tashin hankali na jinsi, yana ba da shawara, kiwon lafiya da Kuma tallafin gidaje ga mata masu bukata. Ayyukan Elman sun taimaka wajen wayar da kan jama'a a cikin gida game da batun, kuma sun karfafa canje-canje a cikin manufofin gwamnati. Ilwad ya kuma gudanar da bita na ilimi ta hanyar cibiyar ga masu rauni a cikin al'umma, kuma ya tsara da aiwatar da ayyukan da ke inganta wasu damar rayuwa ga matasa da tsofaffi.  

## Manazarta
Ambaliyar Ruwa a Jihar Borno 2024

**Ambaliyar ruwa ta 2024 a jihar Borno** a watan Satumbar 2024 a Maiduguri da Jere, karamar hukumar Najeriya a jihar Borno, Najeriya. Ya raba sama da kashi 70% na mazauna jihar Borno sannan sama da kashi 70% na garin Maiduguri abin ya shafa a cewar Hukumar Ba da Agajin Gaggawa ta Kasa (NEMA).  

## Dalilai
Ci gaba da samun ruwan sama a garin Bama na Najeriya Damboa da karamar hukumar Gwoza ya janyo rugujewar madatsar ruwa ta Alau dake karamar hukumar Konduga wadda aka gina a shekarar 1984-1986. Rugujewar dam din ya haifar da ambaliya a jihar wanda ya kai ga nutsewar wasu kananan hukumomin da aka samu a kananan filaye a jihar.

Gwamnan jihar, Farfesa Babagana Umara Zulum a cikin gaggawar mayar da martani ga ambaliyar ya bude sansanin ‘yan gudun hijira na Bakassi baya ga sauran sansanonin ‘yan gudun hijirar da ke yankunan tudu domin kula da lafiyar ‘yan kasa. Ya tabbatarwa da manema labarai cewa sama da mutane miliyan daya ne ambaliyar ta shafa a jihar.

Mataimakin shugaban kasa, Kashim Shettima ya ziyarci jihar domin ganin irin barnar da aka yi, ya kuma bada tabbacin taimakon gwamnatin tarayya da ta taimaka masu wajen shawo kan lamarin.

## Tasiri kan sauyin yanayi
Gwamnan ya sanar da rufe makarantu a jihar sakamakon yadda ruwa ke ta karuwa sakamakon rugujewar dam din. Ambaliyar ta shafi gidan namun daji na Sanda Kyarimi, lambun dabbobi da wurin namun daji a Maidugiri. Rahoton ya nuna cewa dabbobi sun rasa rayukansu kuma mazauna yankin na cikin hadarin kai hari daga dabbobin.

Babban asibitin jihar da kuma asibitin koyarwa na jami'ar Maiduguri suma sun sami matsala sakamakon ambaliyar ruwa. Haka kuma sansanonin ‘yan gudun hijira (IDP) ya shafa yayin da aka kwashe mutane daga sansanin El Miskin zuwa sansanin Bakasi domin tsira da rayukansu a cewar Darakta Janar na NEMA. 

Haka kuma an samu labarin fashewar gidan yari sakamakon rugujewar gidan gyaran hali da ke Maiduguri sakamakon karuwar ambaliyar ruwa a jihar. Kakakin rundunar ‘yan sandan Najeriya reshen jihar Borno ya tabbatar da hakan. 

Ba iya wannan ba, ana rade-radin cewa gidan ajiyan namun daji, wato Zoo shi ma ya fashe. Hakan ya janyo aķe janyo hankalin al'umma da su kasance a ankare domin ba a san ina ne ruwan ya yada su ba.

## Hotuna

File:Maiduguri flooding.jpg 01.jpg
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File:Maiduguri flooding.jpg 03.jpg
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File:Maiduguri flooding.jpg 05.jpg
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File:Maiduguri flooding.jpg 10.jpg
File:Maiduguri flooding.jpg 11.jpg
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## Magana
Senegalese cuisine

Abincin Senegal abinci ne na yammacin Afirka wanda ya samo asali daga yawancin kabilun ƙasar, mafi girma shine Wolof kuma Faransanci ne ke tasiri. Musulunci, wanda ya fara karɓar yankin a ƙarni na 11, shi ma yana taka rawa a cikin abinci. Senegal ta kasance karkashin mulkin mallaka na Faransa har zuwa 1960. Tun lokacin da ta yi mulkin mallaka, 'yan gudun hijira suna kawo abincin Senegal zuwa wasu yankuna da yawa.Domin kasar Senegal tana iyaka da Tekun Atlantika, kifi yana da matukar muhimmanci a dafa abinci na kasar Senegal. Kaza, rago, wake, kwai, da naman sa kuma ana amfani da su, amma naman alade yawanci ba saboda yawan al'ummar musulmi ba ne. Gyada, kayan amfanin gona na farko na Senegal, da gero, farar shinkafa, dankali mai dadi, rogo, wake bakar fata da kayan lambu iri-iri, ana kuma hada su cikin girke-girke da yawa. Ana daka nama da kayan marmari ko kuma a daka su da ganye da kayan kamshi, sannan a zuba kan shinkafa ko gero couscous ko kuma a ci da burodi. Ana yin ruwan 'ya'yan itace sabo ne daga bissap, ginger, bouye (lafazin 'buoy', wanda shine 'ya'yan itacen baobab, wanda kuma aka sani da "'ya'yan itacen biri"), mango, ko wasu 'ya'yan itace ko bishiyoyin daji (mafi shaharar soursop, wanda ya fi shahara. ana kiransa corossol a Faransanci). Desserts suna da wadata sosai kuma suna da daɗi, suna haɗa kayan abinci na asali tare da almubazzaranci da salon salon tasirin Faransanci kan hanyoyin dafa abinci na Senegal. Yawancin lokaci ana ba da su tare da sabbin 'ya'yan itace kuma a al'adance ana bi da su kofi ko shayi. Tea, wanda aka fi sani da attaya, ana ba da shi ta hanyar al'adaal'ada
## manazarta
1:
2
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Candied carrots

Karas glazed ko candied, abinci ne na gefen kayan lambu a Turai da Amurka da ake yi da karas da aka yi da man shanu da sukari mai ruwan kasa, wani lokaci ana saka wani sinadari mai acidic kamar ruwan lemu. Ana la'akari da abincin gargajiya, mai kama da dankalin turawa ko naman abincin dare. Wasu iyalai a Amurka suna yi masa hidima a matsayin gefen gasa naman alade a ranar Ista.Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don yin karas glazed. Yawancin girke-girke na karas mai glazed za su fara ta hanyar dafa karas a hankali, ko dai ta hanyar tururi ko wata hanya. Don girke-girke na gargajiya, ana dafa karas a cikin man shanu na bakin ciki da sukari sugar. A cikin Turai wannan sigar tana daya daga cikin shahararrun bangaren kayan lambu don gasasshen kaji da naman farauta. A {asar Amirka, ana yawan amfani da karas mai kyalli da gasasshen nama ko wanne iri, musamman turkey na godiya.Ana iya yin sauye-sauye a cikin girke-girke na yau da kullun don rage cikakken abun ciki mai kitse, ko gwada nau'ikan sikari daban-daban, da karin dandano kamar citrus, mint ko kirfa. Tsawon lokacin dafa karas yana taimakawa wajen daidaita sukarin su na halitta da kuma canza sitaci zuwa dextrin. Hanya daya ta tsallake karar sukari ta hanyar rage ruwan dafa abinci zuwa kakkarfan sitaci mai kauri. Karas masu kyalli ba su da yawa kamar yadda suke a da. Slate.com ya rubuta game da su: "Karans masu kyalli suna da dan haushi, tsakiyar karni game da su, kamar dai suna jin dadi a gida suna zaune a kan tebur kusa da nama da salatin Jell-O ... da kyar ba a daina aiki ba. Wasu malaman sun lura cewa abinci kamar "karas mai glazed" da "dankalin dankalin turawa" ana yawan ba da su a abinci na yau da kullun azaman bangaren kayan lambu don abinci, kamar "Goulash na Hungary", wadanda ke manne da wasu kabilanci yayin da kuma wani bangare na abincin Amurka.
## manazarta
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Asim Azhar

**Asim Azhar** (; an haife shi a ranar 29 ga watan Oktoba, na shekarar 1996) mawaƙi ne ɗan ƙasar pakistan, marubucin waƙa, mawaƙin music kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. Ya fara aikinsa a matsayin mawaƙi a YouTube, yana maye waƙoƙin Yammacin zamani kafin ya zama mutum na jama'a.

## Ayyuka
An haifi Asim Azhar a ranar 29 ga watan Oktoba 1996. An haife shi ga Azhar Hussain, da kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Gul-e-Rana. Ya zama sananne saboda waƙoƙinsa da aka rubuta a Coke Studio.
Waƙarsa ta baya-bayan nan ita ce taken hukuma ta HBL PSL 5 "Tayyar Hain" tare da Ali Azmat, Arif Lohar da Haroon . A watan Fabrairun 2020, Ya sami lambar yabo ta Best Stylish Performer a PSA a Dubai.  Waƙarsa "Jo Tu Na Mila" tare da Iqra Aziz ya buga ra'ayoyi 100M a YouTube wanda ya sa ya zama mawaƙin Pakistan na huɗu da ya ƙetare ra'ayoyin 100M bayan Atif Aslam, Rahat Fateh Ali Khan da Momina Mustehsan a watan Mayu 2020. "Tera Woh Pyar", wanda Azhar da Momina Mustehsan suka raira ya kuma sami ra'ayoyi sama da 140M har zuwa watan Yuli 2020. 

A cikin 2019, Azhar kuma yana da kundi tare da kamfanin rikodin Indiya da kuma Bollywood guda da aka shirya don saki. A sakamakon tashin hankali tsakanin Indiya da Pakistan, shirin Azhar tare da kamfanin rikodin sa, Universal Music India, ya tsaya.

## Manazarta
Timidria

**Timidria** sunan wata kungiya ce mai zaman kanta, da aka kafa ta domin kare hakkin dan adam a kasar Nijar, wanda Ilguilas Weila ya kafa. Timidria an sadaukar da ita domin yaqi da aikin Bauta a kasar Nijar.

An kafa Timidria a cikin shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da casa'in da daya 1991, kuma sunan yana nufin 'haɗin kai' a harshen Tamajaq. Gwamnatin Nijar ta musanta wanzuwar aikin bauta a kasar, amma kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na kasa da kasa sun kiyasta yawan bayi a Nijar wadda sun kusan mutum dubu hudu 40,000.

Hedikwatar Timidria tana cikin babban birnin Niamey na kasar Nijar, kuma kungiyar tana da ofisoshi a duk faɗin ƙasar, tana taimakawa bayi da suka tsere don gina sabuwar rayuwa cikin 'yanci.

## Manazarta
Legal Assistance Centre

**Cibiyar Taimako ta Shari'a,** kungiya ce da aka kafa ta domin kare hakkin dan adam a Windhoek, dake babban birnin Namibia .  An kafa kungiyar ne a shekara ta alif dubu daya da dari tara da tamanin da takwas (1988), a lokacin wariyar launin fata don yin shari'a a madadin mutanen da gwamnati ta zalunta  kuma suna ci gaba da aiki a yau.

A cewar jaridar The *Namibiya*, lauyoyi da masu ba da izini da suka bude cibiyar "nan da nan suka cika da shari'o'i daga mutanen da ke gunaguni game da cin zarafin bil'adama" kuma an kaddamar da daruruwan shari'oʼi a kotu a kan gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta Afirka ta Kudu.

Cibiyar ta ci gaba da gudanar da shari'ar jama'a,  kuma ta fadada aikinta don haɗa ilimin haƙƙin ɗan adam na jama'a,  bincike, sake fasalin doka da shawarar shari'a kyauta.  ;Human rights education and advocacy in Namibia in the 1990s: a tapestry of perspectives: a collection of papers submitted at a Workshop on Education, Training, and Information Concerning Human Rights in Namibia, held in Windhoek, Namibia, 12 to 13 [./Legal_Assistance_Centre#cite_note-6 [6] 

Tun lokacin da Namibia ta samu 'yancin kai, wuraren da kungiyar ta mayar da hankali sun hada da:

## Manazarta
Namrights

**Namrights** wacce aka sani da sunan (**National Society for Human Rights (NSHR)** ada, kungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta Namibiya, karkashin jagorancin Phil ya Nangoloh wanda ya kafa ma'aikatar a shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da tamanin da tara 1989.   

## Manazarta
Shirin Rainbow na Namibia.

**The Rainbow Project** (TRP), kungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke ba da shawara ga haƙƙin LGBT da karɓanta a Namibia. Ta samar da albarkatu ga al'ummomin da aka ware kuma ya yi aiki don magance homophobia da nuna bambanci ga 'yan tsiraru na jima'i a cikin al'ummar Namibiya. A farkonta, TRP ita ce kawai kungiya  da ke mai da hankali kan rashin adalci da cin zarafin 'yan tsiraru na jima'i a kasar; wannan ya bambanta da sauran manyan Kungiyoyin LGBT na Namibia, kamar Sister Namibia, wanda ya fi tallafawa 'yan mata.  

Ta gudanar da aikin bayar da shawarwari, kuma ta fara yin rubuce-rubuce game da laifukan ƙiyayya a kan 'yan tsiraru na jima'i a shekara ta dubu biyu da shida 2006. Shahararrun misalai sun haɗa da; amsawa ga rahotanni na gwamnati da ke nuna cewa masu jima'i da ke shiga cikin jima'i mara kariya sune manyan masu watsa cutar kanjamau a Namibia,  da kuma inganta dabarun rigakafin cutar kanjamau da ke da hankali ga abubuwan da 'yan tsiraru na jima'i suka samu, ba tare da bayanan da ba daidai ba. 

## Manazarta
Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta kasar Morocco.

Kungiyar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Maroko () tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam a kasar Maroko, wadanda ba na gwamnati ba.  An kafa shi ne a ranar 24 ga watan Yuni, a shekarar 1979, a Rabat don aiki don adana mutuncin ɗan adam da girmamawa, kariya, karewa da inganta haƙƙin ɗan adam a Maroko da Yammacin Sahara. Tana amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban don cimma burinta kamar buga jaridar kowane wata, zama da kuma gudanar da taro.   AMDH ta yi la'akari da cewa yana da mahimmanci don gina haɗin gwiwa tare da kungiyoyi da cibiyoyin sadarwa na ciki da na waje domin zama mafi ƙarfi a cikin gwagwarmayar kare hakkin dan adam.

Tun lokacin da aka kafa AMDH ta fuskanci wasu cikas da ke fitowa daga hukumomin Maroko, amma ta sami nasarar ci gaba da ayyukanta. 

## Manazarta
Shirin Sake farfado da kungiyar Abolitionist

The Initiative for the Resurgence of the Abolitionist Movement (**IRA** ko **IRA-[[Muritaniya|Mauritania]]**; Faransanci: Initiative pour la Resurgence du mouvement Abolitioniste), ƙungiya ce mai adawa da bautar a Mauritania ƙarƙashin jagorancin Biram Dah Abeid .  An kiyasta ce Mauritania tana da bayi kimanin 90,000  zuwa 600,000   .   

An kafa ƙungiyar ne a shekara ta dubu biyu da takwas (2008), kuma Abeid ya bayyana ta a matsayin "kungiyar gwagwarmaya mai ban sha'awa".  Kungiyar ta shiga cikin zama a gaban ma'aikatar shari'a, yajin aikin yunwa, sa'annan kuma tafiya a cikin birane da garuruwa da ke kewaye da Mauritania .    

A cewar Abeid, kungiyar ta ci gaba da daukar mataki kai tsaye a cikin zanga-zangar ta saboda, "duk lokacin da muka kawo karar bautar ga 'yan sanda, za su saki mai bautar. " A cikin shekarar 2010 da 2011, kungiyar ta sami "nasara mai mahimmanci" lokacin da ta taru a gaban gidan wanda ake zargi da shi mai bautar kuma ta bukaci 'yan sanda su kama shi. Da Abeid da mai bayin duk an kamasu - Abeid an daure shi na watanni uku, an saki mai bayin bayan kwana tara - amma wannan shine karo na farko da 'yan sanda a Mauritania suka ɗaure mai bayin. Sauran zanga-zangar da kuma kama masu mallakar sun biyo baya (kungiyar ta taimaka wajen sanya masu mallakar kusan mutum ashirin a kurkuku tun daga watan Satumbar 2014). Koda yake tsare-tsaren sau da yawa kawai na gajeren lokacine, ana zargin, sakin "dubban bayi" (wanda ake kira "Biram Frees") ta masu tsoro sun biyo baya.  

Rashin samun matsayin NGO ya sa ba zai yiwu a nemi kuɗaɗe ta hanyar tallafi ba. Gwamnati ta shawo kan wasu masu gwagwarmaya su bar wanna tafiyar, suna barazana ko kuma su ci su da ayyukan gwamnati masu fa'ida.  

A cikin shekarar 2016, an kama masu gwagwarmayar IRA 13 a watan Yuni da Yuli, kuma an yanke musu hukuncin kisa daban-daban tsakanin shekaru uku zuwa goma sha biyar. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta dubu biyu da sha shida 2016, wani sauraro a Zouérat ya rage dukkan hukuncin masu fafutuka; mutane na karshe daga cikin masu fafutukar da aka saki daga kurkuku sune Abdallahi Matallah Saleck da Moussa Biram a watan Yulin shekara ta 2018.
Kungiyar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Mali.

**Association [[Mali]]<nowiki/>enne des Droits de l'Homme (AMDH**), kungiya ce mai zaman kanta da aka kafa domin kare hakkin dan adam, wanda ba ta gwamnati ba, da aka kafa a Bamako, a kasar Mali a ranar 11 ga watan Disamba a shekarar 1988.  

## Manazarta
Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam da Gyara.

**Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam da Gyara,** wato **CHRR**, kungiya ce mai zaman kanta a kasar Malawi. An kafa kungiyar shekarar 1995, a matsayin kungiya mai zaman kanta, da ba ta da niyya, mai zaman kansa da aka yiwa rajista a karkashin Dokar Trustees Incorporation na 1962. Tsoffin dalibai da suka yi gudun hijira ne suka kafa kungiyar, wadanda suka koma gida ga alkawuran sabon dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1994.

An bawa kungiyar izinin samar da ayyukanta a ko'ina a Malawi. Rijistar ta a karkashin Dokar Haɗin gwiwa ta 1962, ta ba da tushen da ke bayyana aikin kungiyar da kuma girman aikin. Kungiyar tana gudanar da shirye-shirye a duk yankuna ukun wato; Kudancin, Tsakiya da Arewa.

CHRR tana neman ta ba da gudummawa ga aiwatar da wannan manufa ta hanyar shirye-shirye da yawa da aka gudanar ta hanyar manyan shirye-shiryen guda biyu wato: Ƙaddamar da Ƙarfafawa da Kula da Hakkin Dan Adam da Horarwa.

## Tarihi

Bayanai masu zuwa sun fito ne daga bakin darektan CHRR Undule Mwakasungura sai dai idan an samu wasu bayanan da suka ci karo da wannan;

An kirkiri Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam da Gyara, wato CHRR a cikin shakarar 1994. Dalibai da aka kora ne suka kafa kungiyar wanda suka bar kasar a shekarun 1970s da 1980s. Sun fara ayyuka a wasu kasashen a matsayin 'yan kasuwa da sauran sana'oi. Sun dawo a shekara ta 1994 kafin fara zaben jam'iyyu daban daban. Kungiyar ta yi amfani da kwarewarta da iliminta a wajen bunkasa kariyar hakkin dan Adam. Mamban kungiyar na karshe da ya rage shine shugaban kungiyar na yanzu  Undule Mwakasungura.

## Manazarta
Kungiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Ivory Coast.

**Kungiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta [[Ivory Coast]]** (Faransa: Ligue ivoirienne des droits de l'homme; LIDHO). Kungiya ce ta kare hakkin dan adam a Côte d'Ivoire, wacce René Degni-Segui ya kafa a ranar 21 ga watan Maris a shekarar 1987.  LIDHO tana nan a kusan dukkanin manyan biranen kasar Côte d'Ivoire.  

## Manazarta
Majalisar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Kasa (Morocco).

An kafa majalisar ne a shekarar 1990, a matsayin Majalisar Ba da Shawara kan 'Yancin Dan Adam. An yi wa dokar da ta kafa majalisar gyare-gyare a cikin shekara ta 2001 don ta dace da ka'idodin Paris, kuma a shekara ta 2011, ta bawa ma'aikatar ƙarin iko, ƙarin ikon cin gashin kanta da manyan hakkoki don karewa da inganta haƙƙin ɗan adam a Maroko da kuma inganta ka'idoji da dabi'un dimokuradiyya. Sabuwar dokar da ta kafa ta wuce a cikin shekarar 2018, wanda ta bawa ma'aikatar ƙarin iko da kuma babban umarni (Dokar # 15.76). 

A lokacin babban taron farko a watan Satumbar shekarar 2019, Majalisar ta bayyana sabon dabarun Triple P (don hana keta doka, Kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, da Inganta al'adun haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa).

Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Kasa ta Maroko ta sami amincewar ta a  matsayin "A" NHRI ta Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions (GANHRI), watau a cikin cikakken bin ka'idodin Paris (ka'idodin kasa da kasa da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta karɓa a 1993 don tsara aikin NHRIs kuma an yarda da su a matsayin gwajin halatta da amincinsu). Tana samar da rahotanni na shekara-shekara game da halin da ake ciki na haƙƙin ɗan adam, da kuma batutuwa ko bayar da takamaiman rahotanni, tana sa ido kan wuraren hana 'yanci, tana kula da korafe-korafe da bincika take hakkin ɗan adam, tana ba da shawara game da daidaita dokokin ƙasa tare da dokar haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa ta duniya, tana gudanar da bincike da kuma ba da ra'ayoyin shawarwari game da batutuwan da suka shafi haƙƙin ɗan Adam, da sauransu. 

Majalisar tana da kwamitocin kare hakkin dan adam na yanki 12, waɗanda aka kafa tare da manufar saka idanu kan halin da ake ciki na kare hakkin dan Adam a yankuna daban-daban na kasar Maroko. Wadannan kwamitocin na iya karɓar da kuma kula da korafe-korafe da bincike dangane da take hakkin dan adam. 

Yana ba da gudummawa ga shirye-shiryen horo da wayar da kan jama'a kuma yana haɓaka haɗin gwiwa tare da Kwamitin Red Cross na Duniya da duk ƙungiyoyin da suka shafi dokar jin kai ta duniya.

Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Kasa ta Maroko,  tana Kuma sa ido kan aiwatar da tarurrukan kasa da kasa wanda Maroko a kasance jam'iyya ce, sa'annan kuma tana cikin kwamitin yarjejeniya.

## Manazarta
Kungiyar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Mauritania.

Kungiyar na da mazauni ne a Nouakchott .  A shekara ta 2006, shugabanta itace Fatimata Mbaye .

AMDH memba ce na Ƙungiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Duniya ** (FIDH) **.  
## Manazarta
Katin bashi

Katin kiredit  wani kati wadda yake saukaka ma mutane wajan  cire kudin da suke ciki asusun ajiyar su katin biyan kuɗi ne, yawanci banki ne ke bayarwa, yana bawa masu amfani damar siyan kayayyaki ko ayyuka ko janye tsabar kudi akan bashi. Yin amfani da katin don haka yana ƙara bashin da za a biya daga baya. Katunan bashi suna daya daga cikin hanyoyin biyan kuɗi da aka fi amfani da su a duk faɗin duniya.
## Manazarta
Muhammad Yunus

**Muhammad Yunus** (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1940) masanin tattalin arziki ne na Bangladesh, Kuma ya kasance babban  kasuwa, kuma babban siyasa, kuma shugaban jama'a wanda ke aiki a matsayin Babban Mai ba da shawara na  biyar  na gwamnatin wucin gadi ta Bangladesh tun daga takawas ga watan Agusta shekara ta alif dubu biyu da a shirin da hudu (2024).  An ba Yunus lambar yabo ta Nobel ta zaman lafiya a shekara ta alif dubu biyu da shidda (2006) don kafa Bankin Grameen da kuma gabatar da ra'ayoyin karamin bashi da karamin kudi. Yunus ya sami wasu babban girmamawa da yawa ta kasa da  kasa, ciki har da lambar yabo ta Shugaban Amurka a alif na dubu biyu da tara (2009) da lambar yabo na zinare a 2010.

## Manazarta
Lasisin Creative Commons

Lawrence Lessig da Eric Eldred sune suka kirkiri lasisin Creative Commons (CCL) a cikin shekara ta 2001 saboda sun ga bukatar lasisi tsakanin hanyoyin haƙƙin mallaka da matsayin Yankin jama'a. An saki sigar 1.0 na lasisin a hukumance a ranar 16 ga watan Disamba a shejara ta 2002.
## Manazarta
Muhammad Khalid Masud

**Muhammad Khalid Masud** (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta 1939) shi ne Darakta Janar na Cibiyar Nazarin Musulunci, Jami'ar Musulunci ta Duniya, Islamabad, Pakistan . Shugaban Pakistan ya nada Mista Masud a matsayin memba na Ad Hoc na Shariat Appellate Bench na Kotun Koli a ranar 18 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 2012. A ranar 1 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta  alif dubu biyu da sha biyu 2012, ya yi rantsuwa da Babban Alkalin Pakistan ya gudanar a matsayin memba na Ad Hoc na Shariat Appellate Bench na Kotun Koli ta Pakistan . Ya kasance Shugaban a shekara ta (2004-2010) na Majalisar Ilimin Musulunci a Pakistan.

## Manazarta
Mahammad Amin Rasulzade

**Mahammad Amin Akhund Haji Molla Alakbar oghlu Rasulzade** (31 ga watan Janairu  shekara 1884 - 6 ga watan Maris shekara 1955)  babban ɗan siyasa ne a Azerbaijani  ɗan jarida kuma shugaban Majalisar Ƙasar Azerbaijan . An fi la'akari da shi wanda ya kafa Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Azerbaijan asheka ta  1918 kuma mahaifinsa. Kalmominsa "Bir kərə cibiyar cibiyar bayraq, bir daha en game! [az]" (" Tutar da aka ɗaga ba zai taɓa faɗuwa ba!") ya zama ƙa'idar ƙungiyar 'yancin kai a Azerbaijan a farkon karni na 20.

## Manazarta
Muhammad Musa (janar)

Janar **Muhammad Musa Khan HPk HJ HQA MBE** 20 ga Watan Oktoba shekara ta 1908 - 12 ga Maris 1991, babban jami'in soja ne a kasar Pakistan wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Kwamandan Sojojin Pakistan na Hudu 4 daga shekara ta 1958 zuwa shekara ta 1966, a karkashin shugaban kasar Ayub Khan . Bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin C-in-C na Sojoji, daga baya ya zama babban a kasar  ɗan **Bold text**siyasa.

## Manazarta
Abdullah na biyu na Jordan

An haifi Abdullah a ranar 30 ga  watan Janairun shekara ta 1962 a asibitin Falasdinu a Al Abdali, Amman, ga Sarki Hussein da matarsa ta biyu ta Burtaniya, Gimbiya Muna Al-Hussein (an haife ta Toni Avril Gardiner).   Shi ne sunan kakan mahaifinsa, Abdullah I, wanda ya kafa Jordan na zamani. Daular Abdullah, Hashemites, ta mallaki Makka sama da shekaru dari bakwan 700 - daga karni na goma 10 har zuwa lokacin da Gidan Saud ya ci Makka a shekara ta 1925 - kuma sun mallaki Jordan tun a shekarar 1921.   Hashemites sune daular da ta fi tsufa da dadewa aDuniyar Musulmi. Bisa ga al'adar iyAli, Abdullah ita ce zuriyar ta arba’’in da daya 41 ta 'yar Muhammadu Fatimah da mijinta, Ali, Khalifa Rashidun ta huɗu.

## Manazarta
Abdul Hafiz Ghoga

**Abdul Hafiz Ghoga** (wanda aka fi sani da **Abdelhafed Abdelkader Ghoga**, wanda aka fi sani le **Ghogha**; Larabci  an haife shi a ranar sha daya (11)ga watan Yunin shekara ta (1957) Babban  lauya ne na kare hakkin dan adam na Libya wanda ya zama sananne a matsayin mai magana da yawun Majalisar Canjin Kasa, ƙungiyar da aka kafa a Benghazi a lokacin yakin basasar Libya na shekara ta alif  dubu biyu da sha daya 2011. A ranar 23 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, ya zama mataimakin shugaban majalisa, yana aiki a wannan mukamin har sai da ya yi murabus a ranar a shirin da biyu 22 ga watan Janairun shekara ta dubu biyu da sha biyu 2012 bayan zanga-zangar da aka yi masa.

## Manazarta
Oluwami Dosunmu-Ogunbi

**Oluwami Dosunmu-Ogunbi** yar kasan Najeriya ne mazauniyar kasan Amurka, masanar harkan robots, injiniya ce, kuma malama. An san ta a matsayin mace baƙar fata ta farko da ta sami Ph.D. a cikin Robotics daga Jami'ar Michigan.

## Rayuwa da aiki

### Zuriya da tarihin ilimi
An haifi Oluwami ga 'yan ci ranin iyayen na Najeriya, Adedoyin Dosunmu Ogunbi da Sesi Dosunmu Ugunbi . Mahaifin Oluwami ya kasance Daraktan Kiwon Lafiya ne a Duchess International Hospital dake cikin Legas, Najeriya kuma Mataimakin Farfesa a Jami'ar Alabama Birmingham. Mahaifiyarta Sesi ta kasance ƙwararriyar likitan da ake wa lakabi da pediatric gastroenterology.

Oluwami ta sami takardar shedar digirin ta na farko a fannin Injiniyanci daga Jami'ar Illinois Urbana-Champaign, a inda ta samu nasarar kammala karatu tare da karramawa a shekara ta 2017. Daga nan sai Oluwami ta ci gaba da karatu a Jami'ar Michigan Ann Arbor, inda ta samu takardar shedar digiri na biyu a fannin Injiniyanci a shekara ta 2020, sannan ta sami digiri na biyu (master's degree) da digiri na uku (Ph.D) a ilimin Robotics a shekara ta 2021 da 2024.

#### Ayyuka
Oluwami ta samu kanta a matsayin malaman dalibai a Jami'ar Michigan daga 2019 zuwa 2020. Ta kuma kasance Lead Engineering Learning Assistant na shirin Illinois Engineering First-Year Experience (IEFX) kuma ta rike matsayin Sand Casting Chair na Pi Tau Sigma, ƙungiyar girmama aikin injiniyanci. Kuma ta kasance mai nusarwa da ba da shawara ga ɗalibai kuma jagora a cikin Shirin Injiniyanci na Morrill, wanda ke mai da hankali kan karfafa ɗaliban injiniyan Afirka, Hispanic, da 'yan asalin Amurka. A halin yanzun, Oluwami ta na rike da matsayin Mataimakiyar Farfesa Mai Ziyara a Sashen Mechanical Engineering a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Rose-Hulman. A ranar 6 ga Afrilun shekara ta 2024, an kaddamar da Oluwami cikin Edward Alexander Bouchet Graduate Honor Society (Bouchet Society), wanda aka masa suna a matsayin dan Afirka na farko da ya karbi digiri a Amurka (Physics, Jami'ar Yale, 1876). 

## Ayyuka

### Wallafe-Wallafen limi

* Terrain-adaptive, alip-based bipedal locomotion controller via model predictive control and virtual constraints 
* Stair climbing using the angular momentum linear inverted pendulum model and model predictive control 
* Demonstrating a Robust Walking Algorithm for Underactuated Bipedal Robots in Non-flat, Non-stationary Environments 

## Kyaututtuka
Oluwami ta sami kyaututtuka da dama, fellowship da sauran karramawa, daga cikinsu su ne:

* Karramawar Paul E. Parker (2016) 
* Karramawar Mechanical Engineering Pi Tau Sigma MVP (2016) 
* Karramawar Nasara ta Janet Eakman (2017) 
* Rackham Merit Fellowship (2017)
* GEM Fellowship ( 2017) 
* Karramawar Nasara na Willie Hobbs Moore (2022) 
* Ford Foundation Pre-Doctoral Fellowship  (Honourable Mention - 2022) 
* Engineering Innovation Runner-Up in the 3 Minute Thesis Competition (2023) 
* MLK Spirit Award for Mentoring and Inspiration (2024) 

## Manazarta
Fatoumata Bâ

**Fatoumata Bâ** (haifuwan 1986) ta kasance 'yar kasuwa ce ta fasaha 'yar kasar Senegal, kuma ita ce mu'assasin Janngo Capital. An jigina mata habanka Jumia, da habakar ilimi, da ci gaban SMEs ta hanyar fasaha a Afirka.

## Rayuwa da aiki

Haifuwan ta a shekara ta 1986 a cikin ahalain matsakaicin matsayi a Dakar Senegal, Fatoumata ta fara son harkan fasaha tun tana 'yar shekara tara da haifuwa, lokacin da ta datse kwamfutar mahaifinta wato (hacking) a turance. Lokacin da take da shekaru 11, ta kirkiro wa kanta adireshin imel na farko, kuma a shekara 16, ta gina shafin yanar gizon ta na farko. Fatoumata tana da takadar shedar digiri ta farko daga Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Toulouse a Togo, da kuma digiri na biyu (masters) a Gudanarwa, Dabaru, Tallace-tallace, da Kudintawa daga ESC Toulouse, Faransa. Ta ci gaba da halartar Makarantar Harvard Kennedy, Amurka, don Ilimi na Zartarwa a cikin Jagorancin Duniya da Manufofin Jama'a. 

#### Ayyuka
Fatoumata ta fara aikin sana'an ta a shekara ta 2007 a matsayin Manajar Asusu da Mai Habaka Kasuwanci na Index Multimedia. A shekara ta 2008, ta game da France Telecom a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan Sayarwa kuma daga baya ta ci gaba zuwa matsayin mai nazarin kasuwanci. Ta ci gaba da bunkasa aikinta a Atos Consulting, a inda ta ja ragamar Babban Mai ba da Shawara na tsawon shekaru uku (3). Bayan ta dawo Afirka, Fatoumata ta kafa Jumia Côte d'Ivoire kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin CEO na shi daga shakara ta 2013 zuwa shekara ta 2015. Bayan haka, Fatoumata ta rike ragamar Shugaban Jumia Najeriya, inda ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen fadada kamfanin da nasara a fadin nahiyar. A halin yanzu tana aiki da Board of SouthBirdge Investment Bank kuma memba ce na Board and Investment Committee of Creadev Africa. Ta kuma shiga cikin Majalisar Mata a Afirka da Majalisar Duniya ta Duniya a kan Sabon Tsarin Tattalin Arziki.

**Janngo**

Assasawan shekara ta 2018, Janngo Capital kamfani ne na Kasuwanci dake Ivory Coast tare da bangarori daban-daban wanda ya haɗa da kayan masarufi, kayan bukatuwa, kasuwancin gona, fasaha, sabis na kudi, da bangarorin kiwon lafiya a duk faɗin Afirka. Kamfanin ya sadaukar da kansa zuwa ga ginawa, habakawa, da sanya hannun jari a cikin zakwakuran 'yan Afirka masu "tech for good", tare da manyan ofisoshinsa a Abidjan da Paris.  Janngo Capital an san shi a matsayin mafi girman asusun fasaha wanda ya daidaita jinsi a Afirka ba tare da rinjayen wani bangare bisa wani bagare ba. Wani rukuni na masu saka hannun jari ne ke tallafawa, gami da daidaitattun cibiyoyin hada-hadar kudi na ci gaba da manyan masu saka hannun jarin kasuwanci, masu zaman kansu, kamar Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai (EIB), Bankin Raya Afirka (AfDB), da Proparco. 

## Karramawa da sanayya

* 'Matashi na Duniya' na Taron Tattalin Arziki na Duniya.
* Zaɓi Afirka 100 'Shugabannin Tattalin Arziki na Gobe'.
* Forbes Africa '30 under 30'.
* Karramawar Aenne Burda don jagorancin hangen nesa, kyakkyawan fata, da ƙarfin zuciya.
* Mutane 100 Masu Yawan Tasiri Mata na Afirka 2020 & 2021.

## Manazarta
Babban Taron jihar Delaware na 97

**Babban Taron Delaware na 97** ya kasance taron majalisa na gwamnatin jihar, wanda ya kunshi Majalisar Dattijai ta Delaware da Majalisar Wakilai ta Delaware. An gudanar da zabe a ranar Talata ta farko bayan Nuwamba 1 kuma an fara sharuɗɗa a Dover a ranar Talatas ta farko a watan Janairu. Wannan kwanan wata shine Janairu 7, 1913, wanda makonni biyu ne kafin farkon shekarar gudanarwa ta farko ta Gwamna Charles R. Miller da Colen Ferguson a matsayin Mataimakin Gwamna.

A halin yanzu an rarraba kujerun Majalisar Dattijai ga sanatoci bakwai na New Castle County da kuma sanatoci biyar ga kowane Kent da Sussex counties. Hakazalika an rarraba kujerun Majalisar Dokoki na yanzu zuwa wakilai goma sha biyar na New Castle County da wakilai goma kowannensu zuwa Kent da Sussex counties. Canjin yawan jama'a na gundumar bai shafi yawan sanatoci ko wakilai kai tsaye ba a wannan lokacin.

A cikin zaman 97 na Majalisar Dattijai ta Delaware duka majalisun biyu suna da rinjaye na Jamhuriyar Republican.

## Jagora

### Majalisar Dattawa

* George W. Marshall, Kent County, Jamhuriyar Republican

### Gidan Wakilai

* Chauncey P. Holcomb, New Castle County, Jamhuriyar Republican

## Mambobin

### Majalisar Dattawa
Kimanin rabin Sanatocin Jiha ana zabar su a kowace shekara biyu don wa'adin shekaru hudu. Sun fito ne daga wani gunduma a cikin takamaiman gundumar, tare da yawan gundumomi da kundin tsarin mulkin jihar ya ƙayyade, ba girman yawan jama'a ba.

### Gidan Wakilai
Ana zabar dukkan wakilan jihohi a kowace shekara biyu don wa'adin shekaru biyu. Sun fito ne daga wani gunduma a cikin takamaiman gundumar, tare da yawan gundumomi da kundin tsarin mulkin jihar ya ƙayyade, ba girman yawan jama'a ba.

## Manazarta
* Hoffecker, Carol E. (2004). Democracy in Delaware. Wilmington, Delaware: Cedar Tree Books. ISBN 1-892142-23-6.
* Martin, Roger A. (1995). Memoirs of the Senate. Newark, Delaware: Roger A. Martin.

## Wuraren da ke da ƙarin bayani

* Delaware Historical Society; shafin yanar gizon; 505 North Market Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19801; (302) 655-7161
* Jami'ar Delaware; Gidan yanar gizon Laburaren; 181 Kudancin Kwalejin, Newark, Delaware 19717; (302) 831-2965
Allurar rigakafi ta kashi

allurar rigakafi kashi  wata dabara ce don rage yawan allurar rigakafi kuma an cimma burin manufofin allurar wanda ya fi wuya a cimma tare da hanyoyin allurar rigakafi na al'ada,  isa ga mutane da yawa a cikin saitin iyakantaccen kasafin kuɗi na kiwon lafiya, ko rage tasirin illa saboda allurar rigapa.

Allurar rigakafi ta raguwa tana amfani da halaye masu amsawa na allurar rigakafin: Idan za a iya yin allurar rigakawa ga mutane biyu maimakon ɗaya, amma kowannensu yana samun 2/3 na ingancin kariya, akwai fa'ida a sikelin al'umma don rage yawan kamuwa da cuta. Idan kasafin kudin kiwon lafiya yana da iyaka ko kuma kawai an sami iyakacin allurar rigakafi a farkon lokacin annobar, wannan na iya haifar da bambanci ga jimlar adadin kamuwa da cuta.  

Allurar rigakafin kashi-kashi tana amfani da kashi na daidaitattun allurar rigakafi na yau da kullun wanda ake gudanar da shi ta wannan hanyar, ko kuma wata hanya ta daban (sau da yawa a karkashin fata ko intradermally). 

An yi amfani da allurar rigakafi ko kuma an ba da shawarar a cikin cututtukan talauci masu yaduwa da suka hada da zazzabin cizon sauro,  COVID-19. 

## Amfani da shi

### A cikin mahallin iyakantaccen kasafin kuɗi na kiwon lafiya
A lokacin barkewar zazzabin rawaya na 2016 a Angola da Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, WHO ta amince da amfani da allurar rigakafi don magance yiwuwar karancin allurar rigakawa. A watan Agustan 2016, babban kamfen na allurar rigakafi a Kinshasa ya yi amfani da 1/5 na daidaitattun allurar rigakawa. A cikin 2018 an ba da rahoton cewa allurar rigakafi ta raguwa tare da 1/5 na daidaitattun allurar rigakawa, wanda aka gudanar a cikin ciki, ya ba da kariya na shekaru 10, kamar yadda aka rubuta ta hanyar gwajin asibiti.

A cikin Poliomyelitis, an nuna allurar rigakafin kashi ɗaya yana da tasiri yayin rage farashin gaba ɗaya,  yana ba da allurar rigakawa ta Cutar shan inna ga wasu mutane.

### A cikin annobar COVID-19
A cikin yaduwar annoba, ana ɗaukar allurar rigakafi ta raguwa don hanzarta samun damar yin allurar rigakawa lokacin da aka iyakance allurar riguna:

A cikin annoba COVID-19, samfuran cututtukan cututtuka suna hango babban fa'idar dabarun allurar rigakafin da aka tsara tare da wasu allurar rigakawa dangane da nauyin shari'a, mutuwar, da gajarta cutar.

### Don rage tasirin illa
A wasu sassan yawan jama'a, haɗarin kamuwa da cuta ya fi ƙanƙanta amma ƙarancin haɗarin tasirin allurar rigakafi na iya ƙaruwa. A cikin irin waɗannan ƙananan jama'a, allurar rigakafi na raguwa na iya inganta yawan haɗarin rigakafi ga mutum kuma inganta dangantakar farashi da fa'ida ga al'umma.  &#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Manazarta
Journaliste en danger.

Kungiyar **Journaliste en danger** (JED), Ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta, Kuma ba mai neman riba ba. (Faransanci: association à but non lucratif) da aka kafa a ranar 20 ga watan Nuwamba, a shekarar 1998, a Kinshasa, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, a kan shirin ƙungiyar 'yan jarida 'Yan Kongo don karewa da inganta' yan jarida a wannan ƙasar.

## Tarihi
An kafa JED ne bisa la'akari da cewa ana keta 'yancin' yan jarida kuma 'yan jarida sun zama wadanda ke fama da rashin adalci. JED ba ƙungiya ce da aka tanada kawai ga 'yan jarida ba, amma a maimakon haka tsari ne mai zaman kansa, Kuma budaddiya ga duk waɗanda suke jin suna da ƙwarewa don karewa da inganta haƙƙinsu na sanar da kuma sanar da su kyauta ba tare da wani ƙuntatawa ba.

Tun daga watan Mayu na shekara ta 2003, JED ta kasance mai aiki a wasu kasashe takwas na Afirka ta Tsakiya da suka hada da;Burundi, Kamaru, Kongo Brazzaville, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, Rwanda da Chadi.

JED memba ce na Kasuwancin 'Yancin Magana na Duniya, cibiyar sadarwa ta duniya ta kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu waɗanda ke sa ido kan 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki, yan jarida, marubuta, masu amfani da intanet da sauransu waɗanda ake tsananta musu saboda yin amfani da haƙƙinsu na' yancin fadin albarkacin baki.

## Manazarta