Aminci na Zabe

**Aminci na Zabe** yana nufin adalci na dukan tsarin jefa kuri'a da kuma yadda tsarin ke karewa daga Juyin Juya Halin Zabe, murkushe masu jefa kuri'u, da sauran barazanar zaben kyauta da adalci. Sakamakon zaɓen da ba su da 'yanci ko rashin adalci na iya haɗawa da shakku game da halattaccen sakamakon, asarar bangaskiya ga tsarin dimokuradiyya, da rage shiga nan gaba.

International standards and global norms outline best-practices for conducting elections. These standards have been endorsed in a series of authoritative conventions, treaties, protocols, and guidelines by agencies of the international community, notably by the decisions of the UN General Assembly, by regional bodies such as the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), the Organization of American States (OAS), and the African Union (AU), and by member states in the United Nations. Following endorsement, these standards apply universally to all countries throughout the electoral cycle, including during the pre-electoral period, the campaign, on polling day, and in its aftermath.

## Ma'anar
Cibiyar Ilimi ta Zabe ta ACE ta amince da muhawara game da ma'anar guda ɗaya kafin ta ba da shawarar ma'anar Gidauniyar Kofi Annan ta 2012: "duk wani zabe da ya dogara da ka'idodin dimokuradiyya na Zaɓin duniya da daidaito na siyasa kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa da yarjejeniyoyi, kuma ƙwararre ne, ba tare da nuna bambanci ba, kuma bayyane a cikin shirye-shiryensa da gudanarwa a duk lokacin zaɓe. "

A cikin 2021, Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam ya buga wani bita na' Yancin Dan Adam da Zabe: Littafin Hanyar kan Shari'a, Fasaha da Al'amuran' Yancin Mutum na Zabe, wanda ke ba da jagora mai zurfi game da gudanar da zaɓe.

## Ka'idodin kasa da kasa
An bayyana ka'idoji don zaɓen kyauta da adalci a cikin yarjejeniyoyin duniya da yawa.

Article 21(3) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) states that "[t]he will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures."

Wadannan alkawurran sun ci gaba da bunkasa a Mataki na 25 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa (ICCPR na 1966), wato bukatar:

* zaɓuɓɓuka na lokaci-lokaci;
* Zaɓin duniya wanda ya haɗa da dukkan bangarorin al'umma;
* daidaitattun kuri'a, a cikin ra'ayin mutum ɗaya, kuri'a ɗaya;
* haƙƙin tsayawa takarar mukamin gwamnati da takarar zabe;
* haƙƙin duk masu jefa kuri'a da suka cancanci yin zabe;
* amfani da tsarin zabe na sirri;
* Zabe na gaskiya;
* Zaɓuɓɓukan da ke nuna 'yancin nuna nufin mutane.

The 2002 Venice Commission’s Code of Good Practice in Electoral Matters spells out in detail what is meant by principles such as the universal, equal, free, secret, and direct suffrage. Some of the most detailed standards are contained in the practical guidelines for electoral observers published by regional intergovernmental organizations, exemplified by the *Election Observation Handbook* of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Similar principles have been adopted in the guidelines developed by the African Union, European Union, and Organization of American States. &#x5B;**&#x5D;

The 1990 Copenhagen Document of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) made commitments that included free elections at regular intervals; the popular election of all seats in at least one chamber; universal and equal suffrage; the right to establish political parties and their clear separation from the state; campaigning in a free and fair atmosphere; unimpeded access to media; secret ballots, with counting and reporting conducted honestly and the results reported publicly; and the due winners being installed and allowed to serve their full terms.

## A aikace

The contrary notion of 'electoral malpractice' such as an unfair election refers to contests violating international standards and global norms. Problems can arise at every stage of the process, from electoral and ballot access laws favoring incumbents to lack of a level playing field in money and media during campaigns to inaccurate voter registers, flawed counts and partial electoral management bodies.

Flawed or failed elections which suffer from fraud, corruption, or vote-rigging were common in countries holding popular contests in the 18th and 19th century, including in rotten and pocket boroughs in Britain and machine politics in the United States.

### Bayyanawa
Shirin Aminci na Zabe ya gabatar da binciken shekara-shekara na zaɓaɓɓun ra'ayoyin ilimi game da amincin zaɓe tun 2012. Kaila White na Jamhuriyar Arizona ta bayyana hanyar a matsayin abin dogaro da yawa kuma ana amfani da ita don kwatanta aikin zabe a duniya. *[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]* ta ba da rahoton cewa kashi 58 na Arewacin Carolina a shekarar 2016, wanda wani ra'ayi na Wall Street Journal na 2016 ya yi amfani da shi don sukar rahoton. Sakamakon binciken EIP ya soki masanin lissafi Andrew Gelman a matsayin "haɗin da ba shi da tabbas na akidar siyasa, inganta kai na ilimi, aikin jarida mai gaskiya, da rashin iyawa. " 

## Dubi kuma

* Kungiyar Tsaro ta Zabe
* Tsaro na zabe
* Cin hanci da rashawa
* Zaɓuɓɓuka
* Cibiyar Bayanan Rijistar Lantarki
* Zabe na kyauta da adalci
* ICCPR
* Tsarin jefa kuri'a na budewa
* Cin hanci da rashawa na siyasa
* Kudi na siyasa
* Cire kuri'a
* Hakkin jefa kuri'a
* Sanarwar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya

## Manazarta