Murder of Phylicia Barnes

Ana kyautata zaton kisan gillar **Phylicia Barnes** ya faru ne a Baltimore, Maryland, Amurka, a ranar 28 ga Disamba, 2010, dangane da wani laifi. An gano gawarta a kogin Susquehanna a ranar 20 ga Afrilu, 2011, bayan jerin bincike da kuma yada labarai daga kafofin watsa labarai na kasa daban-daban, ciki har da *The Today Show* . An yanke hukuncin cewa binciken mutuwarta kisan kai ne .  Kimanin shekara guda bayan haka, a ranar 25 ga Afrilu, 2012, an kama tsohon saurayin 'yar uwarta, Michael Johnson, aka kuma tuhume shi da kisan ta. A lokacin, 'yan sanda sun ki bayar da cikakken bayani game da yadda kisan ya faru, yadda suka gano shi a matsayin wanda ake zargi, ko kuma dalilin da ya sa aka aikata lamarin.  An yanke wa Johnson hukuncin kisa a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 2013, bisa laifin kisan kai na mataki na biyu. Duk da haka, an soke hukuncin lokacin da alkalin kotun ya amince da bukatar karewar don sake shari'a. Da fara shari'ar ta biyu, an janye dukkan tuhume-tuhumen da ake yi wa Johnson a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 2015. 

An yi la'akari da shari'ar a matsayin baƙon abu saboda Barnes ba shi da tarihin aikata laifuka ko wata matsala ta iyali. 'Yan sandan birnin Baltimore sun ɗauki shari'ar a matsayin shari'ar mutumin da ya ɓace mafi tayar da hankali da suka taɓa bincikawa. Sun sanya ta a matsayin shari'ar Natalee Holloway ta Baltimore. 

## Wanda aka zalunta
**Phylicia Simone Barnes**, an haife ta a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1994, kuma tana da shekaru 16 a lokacin ɓacewarta, ɗaliba ce mai daraja daga Monroe, North Carolina . Tana kan hanyar kammala karatunta da wuri kuma tana da shirin zuwa Jami'ar Towson . Tana ziyartar 'yan uwanta a Baltimore lokacin da ta ɓace. 

## Bacewa
Da farko an yi imanin cewa Barnes ya ɓace yayin da yake tafiya zuwa Reisterstown Road Plaza da ke Baltimore daga wani rukunin gidaje da ke kusa a ranar 28 ga Disamba, ranar ƙarshe da aka gan ta. Bayan ɓacewarta, ba ta taɓa amfani da wayar salula ko katunan kuɗi ko sabunta shafinta na Facebook ba.

A ranar 3 ga Janairu, 'yan sanda sun bayyana cewa suna da matukar damuwa game da yarinyar da ta ɓace. 

A ranar 22 ga Janairu, shirin *"America's Most Wanted"* ya nuna wani ɗan gajeren shiri a lokacin tallan.

### Bincika
Watanni uku bayan bacewarta, sai aka sake yin wani sabon kokari na yin addu'a. An bayar da kyautar dala 36,000.  An ajiye allunan talla a manyan tituna suna tallata alamun bacewarta. 

A ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 2011, 'Yan sandan Jihar Maryland sun gudanar da bincike mai zurfi a Patapsco Valley State Park ta amfani da jami'an tsaro da masu sa kai sama da 100. Binciken bai gano gawar Barnes ba, amma an gano wani gawa da ba shi da alaƙa da Barnes.   'Yan sanda sun ayyana kansu a matsayin 'masu komawa murabba'i ɗaya' bayan binciken bai same ta ba. 

Abokai da abokan karatun Barnes da ke Monroe sun yi wani biki don tara kuɗi don girmama ta a ranar 9 ga Afrilu. 

## An gano gawarwaki kuma an gudanar da bincike kan kisan kai
Da ƙarfe 7:30 na safe a ranar 20 ga Afrilu, 2011, ma'aikata sun hango gawarwaki tana iyo a kogin Susquehanna kusa da madatsar ruwan Conowingo . Daga baya an gano wani gawa a kusa.  'Yan sanda sun tabbatar washegari ta hanyar zane da bayanan haƙori cewa gawar farko ta Barnes ce.  An gano gawar ɗayan wanda aka kashe, wani babba namiji, kuma an ɗauke shi a matsayin ba shi da alaƙa da shari'ar Barnes. 

'Yan sanda a wancan lokacin ba su kawar da zargin aikata laifi ba. Sun ce binciken da ake yi kan binciken laifuka da kuma tantance yadda Barnes ta mutu da kuma yadda ta isa wani wuri mai nisan mil 45 daga inda ta ɓace na iya ɗaukar makonni. 

A ranar 4 ga Mayu, bayan an yi wa gawarwakin mutane, an yanke hukuncin cewa mutuwar ta kasance kisan kai . An gano musabbabin mutuwar, amma an ɓoye ta a wancan lokacin don dalilai na bincike da tsoron jefa binciken cikin haɗari.  Ba da daɗewa ba, wani ƙwararre kan harkokin tsaro ya tattauna batun Barnes. 

A ranar 6 ga Satumba, WSOCTV ta sami takardun kotu da ke nuna 'yar'uwar Barnes tana ƙoƙarin samun umarnin hana tsohon saurayinta Michael Johnson watanni biyu kacal bayan bacewarsa. An ruwaito cewa shi ne mutum na ƙarshe da ya ga Barnes da rai.  Lauyan Johnson ya bayyana cewa Johnson ba shi da alhakin kisan, kuma yana da sabuwar budurwa kuma ya ƙaura. 'Yan sanda sun yi wa Johnson tambayoyi sau takwas. 

### An sanya wa wanda ake zargi suna
A ranar 25 ga Afrilu, 2012, an kama Michael Johnson, tsohon saurayin 'yar'uwar Barnes, bayan ya gudu daga hannun 'yan sanda, dangane da bacewar da kisan kai. A lokacin, 'yan sanda ba su fitar da cikakkun bayanai kan alaƙar da ke tsakanin Johnson da Barnes ba; sai dai Johnson ne na ƙarshe da ya ga Barnes da rai.

A zaman sauraren ƙarar da aka yi a ranar 27 ga Afrilu, an fara samun bayanai game da kisan. Lauya mai taimakawa ta gwamnati Lisa Goldberg ta shaida a zaman sauraron ƙarar cewa Johnson ya yi wa Barnes numfashi a ɗakin 'yar uwarta, sannan ya ɗauki gawarta ya fita daga ɗakin a cikin wani baho mai girman galan 35. An ruwaito cewa an gan shi yana gumi yana ƙoƙarin motsa kwantenar.  

Ba a gabatar da dalilin kisan ba a zaman sauraron karar. Amma an ruwaito cewa Johnson ya rabu da 'yar'uwar Barnes. An ruwaito cewa yana amfani da baho da ake zargin ya kai gawar don ya cire kayansa daga gidanta. Ba a gano baho ba. 

An ruwaito cewa a lokacin ziyarar, Johnson ya sa Barnes ya ji ba daɗi. Ya yi musayar kiran waya 500 da saƙonnin tes da Barnes kuma ya ɗauke ta a matsayin 'ƙaramin ƙanwarsa.' 

### Adadin kisan kai
A ranar 8 ga Mayu, 2012, birnin Baltimore ya ƙara Barnes a hukumance a cikin adadin kisan gillar da suka yi a shekarar 2010. Wannan ya ƙara jimillar kisan gillar da aka yi a shekarar daga 196 zuwa 197. Duk da cewa ba wani abu ba ne illa wani mataki na gudanarwa, har yanzu bai ƙara jimillar adadin zuwa 200 ba. 2010 ita ce shekara ta farko tun daga shekarun 1970 inda birnin Baltimore ya sami ƙasa da kisan gilla 200. 

## Shirye-shiryen ƙarshe
A ranar 28 ga Afrilu, mutane sama da 700 sun taru a makarantar da Barnes ke halarta don tunawa da ita. 

An yi jana'izarta, wacce aka yi ta sirri, a Georgia a ranar 7 ga Mayu, 2011. 

## Gwaji
A ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 2013, an wanke Johnson daga laifin kisan kai na mataki na farko amma an yanke masa hukuncin kisa na mataki na biyu. 

A lokacin shari'ar, 'yar'uwar Barnes da tsohuwar budurwar Johnson Deena sun shaida cewa Johnson ya bar Phylicia ta sha barasa sannan ya yi mata lalata.  Wani maƙwabci ya shaida cewa ya ga Johnson yana ɗauke da akwati daga gidan, wanda ake kyautata zaton an kai Barnes.  Wani ƙaramin mai laifi ya shaida cewa ya taimaka wa Johnson ya zubar da gawar. 

Mai kare ya yi jayayya cewa babu wata shaida ta zahiri da ta nuna cewa Johnson ne ya kashe shi. Mai kare ya bayyana cewa shari'ar ta kasance bisa ka'ida, kuma Johnson bai sami lokacin kashe Barnes ba, ya share gidan daga shaidar bincike, sannan ya zubar da gawar a cikin lokacin da aka bayar, kuma gaba ɗaya, ba shi da wani dalili na aikata laifin. 

An shirya yanke wa Johnson hukunci a ranar 20 ga Maris. Da Johnson zai iya fuskantar hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 30 a gidan yari.

Lauyoyin Johnson sun nemi a sake gudanar da wata shari'a, suna zargin cewa masu gabatar da kara sun kara tabbatar da sahihancin ƙaramin mai laifin da ya bayar da shaida a madadinsu.

A zaman sauraron shari'ar da aka yanke wa Michael Johnson a ranar 20 ga Maris, alkalin ya yi watsi da hukuncin kisan kai sannan ya ba da umarnin a sake yi masa sabuwar shari'a. 

An fara sanya sabuwar shari'ar Johnson a ranar 21 ga Fabrairu, 2014,  amma an dage ta har zuwa 28 ga Afrilu, 2014 bisa buƙatar sabbin lauyoyinsa. 

A ranar 20 ga Janairu, 2015, Alkali John Addison Howard ya janye dukkan tuhume-tuhumen da ake yi wa Michael Johnson, yana mai cewa babu isassun shaidu da za su ci gaba da shari'ar.

A ranar 30 ga Maris, 2018, bayan shari'a ta uku, an wanke Johnson daga dukkan tuhume-tuhumen da suka shafi kisan Phylicia Barnes.

## Tasirin dogon lokaci ga al'umma
Shari'ar Barnes ta haifar da ƙarin goyon baya ga waɗanda suka ɓace. 

### Shekara guda bayan haka
A bikin cika shekara guda da bacewar Barnes, 'yan uwa da abokai sun yi wani taron addu'o'i domin tunawa da ita a wurin da ake kyautata zaton bacewarta. Mahaifinta ya ce bai yarda cewa an kashe ta ba bayan ta fita, kuma duk abin da ya faru yana cikin gidan. 'Yan sanda sun ce sun kusa magance lamarin amma ba sa son bayyana cikakkun bayanai don gujewa jefa binciken cikin haɗari.

Ɗan'uwan Barnes na uba Bryan ya shiga Sashen 'Yan Sanda na Baltimore a shekarar 2012, wanda ya samu kwarin gwiwa daga aikin da masu binciken suka yi. 

### Dokar Phylicia
A shekarar 2012, wani kudiri da aka sani da Dokar Phylicia ya zartar a Majalisar Dokokin Maryland, wanda aka sanya wa suna bayan Barnes. Kudirin, wanda Jami'in Wakiltar Jihar Maryland Jill P. Carter, ya dauki nauyinsa, ya bukaci jihar ta buga jerin yaran da suka bata tare da kididdiga, da kuma jerin masu sa kai wadanda za su iya taimakawa jami'an tsaro wajen neman yaran da suka bata. Duk da cewa akwai irin wadannan dokoki a wasu jihohi, wannan ya zama doka ta farko da aka sanya wa suna bayan wani yaro dan kabilar tsiraru.

Gwamna Martin O'Malley ne ya sanya hannu kan kudirin dokar a ranar 1 ga Mayu, 2012. 

### Gidauniyar Phylicia Barnes
An fara wani gidauniya don tunawa da Barnes. An yi tara kuɗi a wani yanki mai suna Chick-Fil-A . 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin kisan gillar da ba a warware ba (2000-yanzu)

## Manazarta