Murmansk

**Murmansk** ( Rashanci : Му́рманск) birni ne mai tashar jiragen ruwa a arewa maso yammacin Rasha . Tana cikin yankin Murmansk . Ya zuwa 2019, garin yana da yawan mutane 292,465.

## Tarihi
An kafa Murmansk a cikin 1915. An kafa shi'a a lokacin yakin duniya na haka Rasha ta masõya iya aika kayayyaki zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa da aka ba katange da kankara.  Wurin ba da daɗewa ba yana da tashar jirgin ruwa da tashar jirgin ruwa. Yankin ya zama birni na hukuma a cikin 1916, kuma ana kiran shi **Romanov-on-Murman** ( Rashanci : Рома́нов-на-Му́рмане, Romanov-na-Murmane). An ba birni sunansa na yanzu a ranar 16 ga Afrilu 1917. 

Daga 1918 zuwa 1920, a lokacin yaƙin basasa na Rasha , sojojin White da Triple Entente suka mamaye garin.

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II, garin ya kasance babbar hanyar haɗi zuwa Yammacin Turai don Tarayyar Soviet . Sun yi ciniki da kayayyaki yayin yakin. A cikin 1941, sojojin Jamus da na Finnish suka ƙaddamar da Operation Silver Fox da nufin kame Murmansk. Soviet ta fatattaki maharan, amma Murmansk ya sha wahala mai yawa. 

Murmansk ita ce hedikwatar rundunar sojojin ruwa ta Rasha. A lokacin Yaƙin Cacar Baki ya kasance cibiyar ayyukan jirgin ruwan Soviet.

A cikin 1974, an gina babban abin tarihi mai tsawon mita 36 (ƙafa 118) a cikin birni. Ana kiranta da Alamar Alyosha . An gina shi ne don tunawa da duk waɗanda suka yi yaƙi da Murmansk a Yaƙin Duniya na II. A ranar 6 ga Mayu 1985, a hukumance ana kiran Murmansk Jarumi Jarumi (wanda take ne da aka bayar ga biranen Tarayyar Soviet wanda ya yi fice a lokacin yaƙi na WW2). 

Otal ɗin Arctic ya buɗe a 1984, kuma ya zama mafi tsayi gini sama da Arctic Circle.

## Tattalin arziƙi
Manyan masana'antu a Murmansk sune kamun kifi, safarar teku, jirgin ƙasa da jigilar hanya, ilimin ƙasa, da dai sauransu.

## Yawan jama'a
Yawan jama'ar garin yana raguwa tun daga 1992. Lokacin da ya kai ƙololuwa, garin yana da kusan mutane 489,000 a cikin 1989. Tsakanin 1989 da 1992, sama da mutane 28,000 suka bar garin. Wannan ya faru ne saboda lalacewar kwatsam cikin yanayin tattalin arziki. 

Dangane da ƙidayar jama'a a shekarar 2010, tsarin ƙabilun shine: 

* Rashanci : 89.6%
* Ukrainian : 4.6%
* Belarusiya : 1.6%
* Tatar : 0.8%
* wasu : 3.4%

A shekarar 2016, kaso 16.5% na mutanen ƙasa da shekaru 15, yayin da 54.7% tsakanin 16 da 56, kuma kashi 28.7% na mutanen sun girmi 56.  Wannan yana nufin cewa garin yana da tsofaffin mutane idan aka kwatanta da duk Murmansk Oblast .

## Yanayi
Murmansk yana da yanayin sauyin yanayi . Wannan yana nufin cewa garin yana da dogon lokacin sanyi da gajere, lokacin sanyi. Murmansk yana sama da da'irar duwatsu, don haka garin yana fuskantar darewar dare .
## Hotuna

File:MurmanskProspektLenin.jpg|Central part
File:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0.JPG|Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Arewa Fleet
File:%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA..JPG|Lenin Avenue
File:Church_of_the_Saviour-on-Water_Murmansk_4.JPG|Church of the Saviour on the Water, Murmansk
File:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_1918-1920_%D0%B3.jpg|Abin tunawa ga wadanda abin ya shafa na shiga tsakani na 1918-1920
File:%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB_%22%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%22.jpg|icebreaker Lenin, converted into a museum ship
File:Murmansk_(MMK_-_ULMM)_AN1445818.jpg|Filin jirgin Sama na Murmansk
File:Murmansk,_Russia,_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA,_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_-_panoramio_-_aristidov.jpg|Murmansk Rasha
File:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B3._%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0),_1936_%D0%B3.jpg|Murmansk 
File:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0-%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%8F_%22%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%22.jpg|Murmansk 


## Manazarta

## Sauran yanar gizo

* Tashar yanar gizon Murmansk 
* Labaran Murmansk Aka  Archived  
* Taswirar hulɗa da Murmansk 
* Barentsnova.com, Murmansk labaran kasuwanci, ƙididdiga
* Murmansk ta kyawawan kyawawan gareji - mujallar hoto ta ɗan jaridar labarai na BBC Jorn Madslien
* Siffar bidiyo ta Murmansk a Turanci, mintuna 4½, 2009
* Exarfin Sojan Burtaniya na Arewacin Rasha 1918-1919 (da ke Murmansk)
* "Cinikayyar dala da yawa na jarabtar kamfanonin Arctic" Labarin BBC akan tasirin masana'antar makamashi ga Murmansk