Yunkurin Juyin Juya Halin 8 na Oktoba

**Juyin Juya Halin 8 ga Oktoba** (Portuguese: *Movimento Revolucionário 8 de Outubro*, **MR8** ) ƙungiya ce ta siyasa ta Marxist wadda ta shiga cikin gwagwarmayar makamai da mulkin kama-karya na soja a Brazil . An kafa ta a shekarar 1964 tsakanin ɗaliban kwaleji a birnin Niterói, a jihar Rio de Janeiro, wacce aka fara kiranta Rio de Janeiro Dissidence (DI-RJ).  Daga baya aka sake mata suna don tunawa da ranar da aka kama Ernesto "Che" Guevara a Bolivia, a ranar 8 ga Oktoba 1967.

A yau tana shiga cikin ƙungiyoyin siyasa masu farin jini kuma tana buga jaridar Hora do Povo. Ita ce kuma ke da alhakin Jam'iyyar 'Yanci ta Fatherland, wacce aka kafa a shekarar 2009 kuma aka haɗa ta cikin Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Brazil a shekarar 2019.

## Tarihi
Sakamakon rabuwar kai da ɗaliban kwaleji daga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Brazil suka yi, ƙungiyar DI-RJ (daga baya aka sake mata suna MR-8 a 1967) ta yi aiki a cikin ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai, da kuma a farkon gwagwarmayar makamai, a 1968. Sojojin Brazil sun wargaza su a farkon 1969, sauran waɗanda suka tsira waɗanda har yanzu suna da 'yanci sun shiga cikin membobin ' yan gurguzu na Guanabara (DI-GB), waɗanda ke aiki tun 1966 a zanga-zangar siyasa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Vladimir Palmeira, don ƙirƙirar "sabon" MR-8.  Ƙungiyar, wacce a lokacin take aiki a matsayin ƙungiyar 'yan daba ta birni, ta zama sananne a ƙasa da ƙasa ta hanyar rawar da ta taka a sace jakadan Amurka a Brazil Charles Burke Elbrick, a watan Satumbar 1969. Sace ɗan bindigar wani aiki ne na haɗin gwiwa da National Liberation Action (ALN), daga São Paulo, kuma an yi shi ne musamman don yin shawarwari kan 'yancin shugaban ɗalibi mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam Vladimir Palmeira, wanda aka tsare tun 1968.  

A kan hanyar sace jakadan, an kashe wasu membobin kungiyar saboda rashin mika wuya da kuma kin amincewa da kama shi da wuri. Duk da haka, a cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, an samu hare-haren makamai da MR-8 ke kai wa kamar fashi da makami a banki a Rio de Janeiro. A shekarar 1971, bayan rugujewar People's Revolutionary Vanguard (VPR) gaba daya, Carlos Lamarca, tsohon shugaban kasa wanda ya jagoranci VPR, ya shiga MR-8. Abokin aikinsa na wancan lokacin, Iara Iavelberg, ya riga ya kasance mai fafutuka a cikin MR-8. Duk da haka, an kashe Carlos Lamarca a karkarar Bahia,  bayan mutuwar Iara a Salvador . 

Yawancin 'yan bindigar sun yi gudun hijira zuwa Chile a shekarar 1972, daga baya kuma aka sake tsara kungiyar a wani tsari daban. Fifikon daukar makamai ya ba da damar daukar matakin siyasa cikin lumana, kuma MR8 ya fara aiki a cikin MDB, inda Orestes Quercia ya zama babban shugabansu. Kungiyar ta fara buga mujallar Hora do Povo . 

Bayan Carlos Lamarca da Iara Iavelberg, Fernando Gabeira, Franklin Martins, Cid Benjamin, Cláudio Torres da Silva, Vera Silvia Magalhães (duk waɗanda suka shiga cikin sace Elbrick), César Benjamin, Stuart Angel Jones, Daniel Aarão Reis Filho, José Roberto Spiegãdo, Costa da Loko Reinaldo Silveira Pimenta, Félix Escobar Sobrinho, Marilene Villas-Boas Pinto, Lucas Gregorio, Márcia Ferreira da Costa, Franklin de Mattos, Alfredo Iser, João Manoel Fernandes da sauransu sun yi aiki a MR-8, kuma yawancinsu an kashe su a yakin da ake yi da mulkin kama-karya na soja. A cewar Hukumar Gaskiya ta Kasa, tsakanin 1946 zuwa 1988, an kashe masu adawa da mulkin soja 434 ko kuma “ sun bace ”, mafi yawansu tsakanin 1964 da 1988. 

Har yanzu dai MR-8 tana aiki a yau, tana aiki tare da ƙungiyoyin siyasa da zamantakewa da dama, misali a matsayin wata ƙungiya a cikin MDB da kuma, a da, PSDB, da kuma ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago da ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai, inda wasu daga cikin 'yan bindigarsu suka kasance ɓangare na kundin adireshi daban-daban na UNE . Ƙungiyar matasa ita ce Matasan Juyin Juya Halin 8 ga Oktoba. Yawancin membobinta sun kafa Jam'iyyar 'Yanci ta Fatherland a shekarar 2009.

## Manazarta