Marilyn Frye

**Marilyn Frye** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1941) yar falsafar Ba'amurke ce kuma mai ra'ayin mata masu tsattsauran ra'ayi . An san ta da tunaninta game da jima'i, wariyar launin fata, zalunci, da jima'i. Rubuce-rubucenta suna ba da tattaunawa game da batutuwan mata, kamar: fifikon farar fata, gata na maza, da warewar 'yan luwaɗi da madigo. Ko da yake ta tunkari al'amurra ta fuskar adalci, tana kuma yin aiki tare da metaphysics, ilmin kimiya, da ilimin halin ɗabi'a na nau'ikan zamantakewa.

## Ilimi da aiki
Frye ya sami BA tare da girmamawa a falsafa daga Jami'ar Stanford a 1963 da PhD a falsafar a Jami'ar Cornell a 1969. Ta rubuta takardar shaidarta, mai suna *Ma'ana da Ƙarfin Illocutionary*, ƙarƙashin kulawar Max Black . Kafin ta zo Jami'ar Jihar Michigan a 1974, ta koyar a sashen falsafa a Jami'ar Pittsburgh . Daga 2003 har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya, Frye ta kasance Farfesa Farfesa a Jami'ar Jihar Michigan ; Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Associate Dean for Graduate Studies na Kwalejin Fasaha da Wasika. A cikin 2008 ita ce Babbar Jagorar Phi Beta Kappa Romanell.

## Bincike da wallafe-wallafe
Frye shine marubucin *The Politics of Reality*  (1983), tarin kasidu tara wanda ya zama "classic" na falsafar mata. 

A cikin babin ta mai suna "Zalunci" a cikin littafin *Feminist Frontiers*, Frye ta tattauna ra'ayin daurin biyu a cikin jinsi. Wannan ɗaure biyun yana nufin "yanayin da aka rage zaɓuɓɓukan zuwa kaɗan kuma dukkansu suna kai mutum ga hukunci, zargi ko rashi". Frye ta yi amfani da wannan ka'ida ga jinsi kuma matsalolin da mata sukan fuskanta sau da yawa a tattaunawarta na zalunci. Misali, ba abin yarda da jama'a ba mace ta yi jima'i ko kuma ta kasance ba ta da aikin jima'i kuma a yi mata lakabi da "mai ƙiyayya" ko "mai hankali". Wannan rashin zabi ya shiga cikin rayuwar mata ta yau da kullun ta yadda har kananan abubuwa kamar yadda suke zabar sutura ko magana ana suka. Frye ya yarda cewa maza ma suna fuskantar al'amura, amma ya bambanta batutuwan maza da mata ta hanyar misalin kejin tsuntsaye. Kamar yadda Frye ya fada, kowane mutum da ke daure fuska ana iya tunanin shi a matsayin mashaya guda a cikin keji: da kanta, bai isa ya ƙunshi tsuntsu ba. Amma, tare da isassun sanduna, tsuntsun yana makale a cikin kejin, ba tare da inda za su je ba. Wannan shine cikakken rashin zaɓin zaɓin Frye ya bayyana: yadda ƙarshen matsalolin da mata ke fuskanta shine "rashin motsi" kuma me yasa, ga Frye, gwagwarmayarsu - ba ta maza ba - ana ɗaukar zalunci . 

Frye 'yar madigo ce,  kuma yawancin ayyukanta suna bincika nau'ikan zamantakewa - musamman, waɗanda suka dogara da launin fata da jinsi .   

## Ra'ayi
### Aure
A cikin wata hira ta 2013 a *Stance*, mujallar falsafar falsafar digiri na kasa da kasa, Marilyn Frye ta bayyana cewa tana adawa da tsarin aure, inda ta ambaci "mummunan tarihi a cikin patriarchy".  Frye ya kira abin "mai ban sha'awa" cewa 'yan madigo da 'yan luwadi suna fafutukar neman 'yancin shiga cikin cibiyoyin ubangida na tarihi kamar aure da soja. Duk da haka, ta ce bai kamata a yi watsi da fa'idodin da ke tattare da irin wannan matsayi ba. Ta kuma ambaci tsoron da wasu ke da shi na cewa auren luwaɗi zai iya “ɓata kuma a ƙarshe ya lalata tsarin auren jinsi”. Frye ta bayyana cewa "tana fatan[s] watakila sun yi daidai," saboda ta sabawa wanzuwar cibiyar.

### Maganganun Ciki-Feminist
Marilyn Frye ta jaddada a baya damuwa game da rabuwa tsakanin mata  . Ta soki wadanda suka kasafta kansu a matsayin "masu kishin mata" a yunƙurin kiyaye daidaito ko kuma guje wa mafi tsattsauran ra'ayi, masu rigima na mata. Har ila yau, ta yi jayayya cewa ya kamata masu ra'ayin mata suyi la'akari da hada da "masu hakurin mata" da "matsalolin" aikinsu lokacin rubutawa, don ƙirƙirar wani nau'i mai mahimmanci "tsarin tunanin mata."

## Awards da bambanci

* Frye ta kasance mai suna Distinguished Woman Philosopher of the Year  ta Society for Women in Philosophy a 2001. 
* An zaɓi Frye a matsayin Farfesa Romanell na Phi Beta Kappa a cikin Falsafa na 2007-2008. Farfesa na Romanell da ake ba kowace shekara "yana sanin nasarorin da mai karɓa ya samu da gagarumin gudunmawa ga fahimtar falsafar jama'a." Wadanda suka samu wannan lambar yabo kuma suna gabatar da jerin laccoci a bayyane ga jama'a; Jerin Frye yana da taken "Kinds of People: Ontology and Politics." 

## Littafi Mai Tsarki

### Littattafai ===
* 

### Babi a cikin littattafai

* "Categories da Dichotomies", *Encyclopedia of Feminist Theories*, ed. , Loraine Code, NY: Routledge, (2000)
* "Essentialism/Ethnocentrism: The Failure of the Ontological Cure", *Shin Ilimin Mata Ya Mutu?* *Theory in Practice,* ed. , Cibiyar Nazari na Ilimin Mata a Jami'ar Minnesota, NYU Press, (2000)

### Labaran jarida

* "Wajibi na Bambance-Bambance: Ƙirƙirar Ƙwararrun Mata na Mata," *ALAMOMIN: Jaridar Mata a Al'adu da Al'umma,* Vol.21, No.4, Summer (1996)

## Manazarta


## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Shafin bayanin martaba na Jami'ar Jihar Michigan