Dutsen Mammoth

**Dutsen Mammoth** wani yanki ne na lava dome wanda ke cikin garin Mammoth Lakes, California, a cikin gandun dajin Inyo na Madera da Mono .  Gida ne ga babban yanki na ski da farko a gefen Mono County.

An kafa Dutsen Mammoth a cikin jerin fashewar fashewar da ta ƙare shekaru 57,000 da suka wuce. Dutsen Mammoth har yanzu yana samar da iskar gas mai aman wuta da ke kashe bishiyoyi. 

## Geology
Dutsen Mammoth wani hadadden dome ne a cikin gundumar Mono, California . Ya ta'allaka ne a kusurwar kudu maso yamma na Long Valley Caldera  kuma ya ƙunshi kusan rhyodacite 12 da dacite masu rufi.  Waɗannan ƙusoshin sun samo asali ne a cikin dogon jerin fashe-fashe daga 110,000 zuwa 57,000 shekaru da suka wuce, suna gina dutsen mai aman wuta wanda ya kai  a cikin girma.  A wannan lokacin, manyan fashewar dacite sun faru kusan kowace shekara 5000.  Dutsen mai aman wuta har yanzu yana aiki tare da ƙananan fashewar, wanda mafi girma daga cikinsu shine ƙananan phreatic (steam) fashewa shekaru 700 da suka wuce. 

Dutsen Mammoth kuma ya ta'allaka ne akan ƙarshen ƙarshen sarkar Mono-Inyo na tsaunuka masu aman wuta .  Tushen magma na Dutsen Mammoth ya bambanta da na duka Long Valley Caldera da Inyo Craters.    Dutsen Mammoth ya ƙunshi dacite da rhyolite,  wani ɓangare na abin da aka canza ta hanyar aikin hydrothermal daga fumaroles (matsalolin tururi). 

## Fitar da iskar gas mai aman wuta
Mammoth yana fitar da iskar carbon dioxide mai yawa daga gefen kudu, kusa da tafkin Horseshoe, yana haifar da mazuku a wannan yanki. Yawan adadin carbon dioxide a cikin ƙasa yana daga 20 zuwa 90 &#x5D; **' &#x5B;</sup> CO  Ma'auni a cikin 1990s na jimlar fitar da iskar carbon dioxide a yankin Kill na Lake Horseshoe ya kasance daga    <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5D; **' &#x5B;  kowace rana; wannan babban taro ya sa bishiyoyi suka mutu a yankuna shida wadanda adadinsu ya kai    a girman (duba hoto). 

Asalin kashe-kashen bishiyar an danganta shi da mummunan fari da ya shafi California a ƙarshen 1980s da farkon 1990s. Wani ra'ayi kuma shi ne cewa kashe-kashen ya kasance sakamakon kamuwa da cuta ko wasu cututtuka na halitta. Duk da haka, babu wani ra'ayi da ya bayyana dalilin da ya sa aka kashe duk itatuwan da ke yankunan da abin ya shafa ba tare da la'akari da shekaru ko lafiya ba. Bayan haka, a cikin Maris 1990, wani ma'aikacin kula da gandun daji na Amurka ya kamu da rashin lafiya tare da alamun shaƙewa bayan ya kasance a cikin wani gida mai dusar ƙanƙara kusa da tafkin Horseshoe. 

Ma'aunai a kusa da tafkin sun gano cewa ɗakunan wanka da tantuna suna da fiye da 1% CO  maida hankali (mai guba) da kuma m 25% taro na CO  a cikin wani karamin gida. Abubuwan CO  na kasa da 1% sune na al'ada da lafiya a yawancin ƙasa ; duk da haka, yawan ƙasa na CO  a cikin yankunan da ake kashe itace ya kai daga 20% zuwa 90%. An gano wannan yawan yawan CO  shine dalilin kashe bishiyar saboda tushen bishiyar yana buƙatar ɗaukar O 2 kai tsaye kuma babban matakin CO  ya rage samuwa O 2 . Masu binciken kuma sun ƙaddara cewa Mammoth yana fitar da  na CO  kowace rana.

### Rikicin sintiri na ski ya afku
A cikin watan Afrilun 2006, mambobi uku na Mammoth Mountain Ski sintirin ski Area sun mutu a lokacin da suke bakin aiki sa’ad da wata gadar dusar ƙanƙara ta ruguje a ƙarƙashin ’yan sintiri.  Lokacin hunturu na 2005/2006 ya ba da gagarumin zurfin dusar ƙanƙara na  .  Yayin da masu sintiri na kankara suka tantance fumarole don kare lafiyar skier, dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗi, ta watsar da sintirin  a cikin kasan fumarole, yana fallasa su zuwa matsanancin matakan carbon dioxide .  Babu tabbas ko sun mutu sakamakon fadowar ko kuma sakamakon iskar gas. 

## Yanayi

## Amfanin nishaɗi

Dutsen Mammoth gida ne ga Mammoth Mountain Ski Area, wanda Dave McCoy ya kafa a 1953. Mammoth shine ski, dusar ƙanƙara, da dutsen dusar ƙanƙara a lokacin watannin hunturu. Mammoth ita ce wurin shakatawa mafi girma a California kuma sananne ne ga yawan dusar ƙanƙara da ba a saba gani ba idan aka kwatanta da sauran kololuwar Gabashin Saliyo -kimanin  kowace shekara kuma kusan 300 daga cikin 365 na rana na rana-saboda wurin da yake cikin ƙaramin tazara a cikin Saliyo.  Yankin ski yana da fiye da  na sararin samaniya, tare da  na tsaye wanda aka yi masa hidima ta ɗagawa 25.  A cikin watanni na rani ana amfani da gondolas na ski da masu hawan dutse da masu yawon bude ido waɗanda ke son samun hangen nesa na Long Valley Caldera kai tsaye zuwa gabas da Saliyo kololuwa zuwa yamma, kudu da arewa.  A kudancin dutsen, akwai tafkuna da yawa waɗanda ke zama wuraren shakatawa a lokacin rani.

## Manazarta