Maƙaryaci na Bo'ness

The Witches of Bo'ness wani rukuni ne na mata da ake zargi da maita a Bo'ness, Scotland a ƙarshen karni na 17 kuma a ƙarshe an kashe su saboda wannan laifi. Daga cikin shahararrun shari'o'in da masana tarihi suka lura, a cikin 1679, Margaret Pringle, Bessie Vickar, Annaple Thomsone, da mata biyu da ake kira Margaret Hamilton duk an zarge su da kasancewa mayu, tare da "warlock" William Craw. Shari'ar wadannan shida ita ce "ɗaya daga cikin gwaje-gwaje masu yawa na ƙarshe da za a yi don maita" a Scotland.

## Tarihin tarihi
A farkon zamani a Turai (karni na 16 da 17), zarge-zarge, yanke hukunci, da kuma kashe-kashen da ake zaton maƙaryaci wani abu ne na yau da kullun, wanda ya haifar da mutuwar dubban mutane, mafi yawansu mata. Ana iya cewa Scotland ta kasance mai aiki sosai a wannan batun.[1] Yin farautar maƙaryaci ya faru ne a lokacin rikice-rikicen farar hula da rikice-rikice na zamantakewa da ke da alaƙa da siyasar addini a cocin Furotesta (duba: Addinin Scotland a karni na sha bakwai, Lokacin Killing). Lalle ne, gurfanar da maƙaryaci, masana sun ba da shawarar, ya kamata a ɗauka ba "a ware ba, amma ya kamata a a auna shi da hoto na al'adu na kula da zamantakewa da horo" (103) (duba kuma: Ayyukan Maƙaryaci). [2]￼

Masana sun lura cewa wasu shekaru sun nuna "mafi girma" a cikin aikin farautar maƙaryaci, gami da 1679 da 1680.  An yi wa mutane ashirin da takwas tuhuma shari'a don maita a cikin waɗannan shekaru biyu a yankin Bo'ness kadai, gami da shida da aka ambata a sama, waɗanda aka gwada su tare a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1679.

## Shari'a, ikirari, da kisa
Margaret Pringle, Bessie Vickar, Annaple Thomsone, da mata biyu da ake kira Margaret Hamilton an gwada su a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1679 don maita. Daga karshe hukumomin yankin sun same su da laifi kuma sun kashe su. Sun furta laifuffuka iri-iri. Dukansu gwauraye ne kuma ba su yi aure ba a lokacin.

Annaple Thomson ta mutu sau biyu a lokacin shari'arta. Ta furta cewa shaidan ya yi mata alkawarin rayuwa mafi kyau idan ta shiga hidimarsa; An yi zargin cewa shaidan yana jin tausayi ga rayuwarta "marasa kyau" da "mai wahala" (135).  Za ta karbi bakuncin wasu mata a gidanta a kai a kai inda, ana zargin, shaidan ya samar da kiɗa, jima'i, da ale. An ce duk matan sun bugu kuma suna da lalata kuma sun kafa Yarjejeniyar Aljanu. Wata daga cikin matan, daya daga cikin Margaret Hamiltons, ta furta cewa ta sadu da shaidan a cikin siffar baƙar fata kuma ta yarda cewa tana cikin hidimarsa na shekaru talatin a lokacin shari'ar (133).  Masanin tarihi Lizanne Henderson ya bayyana cewa:

An yanke hukunci game da shari'ar shida a cikin gida, kuma, a ranar 23 ga Disamba 1679, an kashe Margaret Pringle, Bessie Vickar, Annaple Thomsone, da Margaret Hamiltons guda biyu, an maƙure su da waya kuma an ƙone su a kan gungume.

Ɗaya daga cikin bincike ya ɗauki wannan shari'ar "duk abin da ya fi ban tsoro saboda gaskiyar cewa waɗanda aka tuhume su kuma aka kashe su ba su da wani abu da aka tuhume-tuhume a kansu ta hanyar mugunta. "  Koyaya, wani fassarar ya bayyana ikirarin Bo'ness na 1679-80 a matsayin "mashahuri ga babban abun ciki na aljanu. "

"Dutse na Witches" yana tsaye kusa da Gidan Carriden a Bo'ness, kuma yana aiki ne a matsayin tunawa da wannan da sauran gwajin maƙaryaci da suka faru a yankin. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;**&#x5D;

A cikin 2023 akwai nune-nunen adadi goma sha uku, Witches in Words, not Deeds, wanda Carolyn Sutton ya kirkira. Thomsone na ɗaya daga cikin adadi da aka nuna a Babban Laburaren Edinburgh. 

## Dubi kuma

* Ayyukan maita
* Janet Horne
* Jarabawar maƙaryaci a farkon zamanin zamani

## Manazarta