Thomas Bleakley McDowell

**Thomas Bleakley McDowell**, sau da yawa ana kiransa T. B. McDowel, ko kuma kawai "Major" (18 ga Mayu 1923 - 9 ga Satumba 2009), ya kasance jami'in Sojojin Burtaniya, wakilin MI5 kuma daga baya shugaban zartarwa na The Irish Times kusan kusan shekaru 40.

## ⅝Rayuwa ta farko
An haife shi a Belfast a ranar 18 ga Mayu 1923, Thomas Bleakley McDowell shi ne kawai ɗan Thomas McDowel, wani magatakarda da ya samo asali ne a kan hanyar Antrim kuma daga baya na Upper Jordanstown, da matarsa Violet (née Hardy) daga Dundalk, County Louth . Iyalin sun kasance membobin Furotesta na Ikilisiyar Ireland kuma an gano su a siyasa a matsayin masu haɗin kai. Ya sami matsala ta kudi saboda yanayin huhu na mahaifinsa, sakamakon da aka kashe shi a Yaƙin Duniya na farko; mahaifinsa ya mutu a shekarar 1944.

McDowell ya halarci makarantar firamare ta gida a kan titin Antrim kafin ya sami tallafin karatu a Royal Belfast Academical Institution, inda ya kammala karatunsa a 1941 yayin da Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ya ci gaba. Kodayake da farko yana so ya shiga cikin sojojin Burtaniya, ya girmama sha'awar iyayensa kuma ya jinkirta yin hakan. Ya shafe shekara guda yana karatun kasuwanci a Jami'ar Sarauniya amma bai tabbata ba game da jagorancinsa na dogon lokaci.

A shekara ta 1942, ya shiga cikin Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers kuma an ba shi izini a shekara ta 1943. Daga baya ya koma Royal Ulster Rifles, ya fara aikin soja wanda ya tsara mataki na gaba na rayuwarsa.

## Ayyukan soja
A lokacin horar da jami'in a 1943, McDowell ya ji rauni a gwiwa, wanda ya sa ya kasa yin aiki. An yi masa magani a asibiti a Bangor, County Down, ta hanyar likitan jiki Margaret Telfer, daga baya ya auri ta a 1947. Raunin ya sake jagorantar ayyukansa na lokacin yaƙi, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai koyar da makamai da mai bincike a Omagh, County Tyrone, don sauran rikici. Bayan yakin, ya sami kwamiti na yau da kullun a cikin Royal Ulster Rifles . An tura shi zuwa Austria da aka mamaye, inda ya yi aiki a Vienna a kan sintiri na hadin gwiwa tare da jami'an Rasha, Amurka da Faransa. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1947, an kara shi zuwa kyaftin. Daga nan aka ba shi izini don kammala karatunsa na jami'a, ya koma Jami'ar Sarauniya kuma ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na shari'a a shekarar 1950.

A shekara ta 1951, an kira shi zuwa kotun Ingilishi bayan lokacin rani na karatun shari'a mai zurfi kuma daga baya ya koma sojojin Burtaniya. An yi amfani da sakonni na waje a Edinburgh kuma, daga 1951, a Ofishin Lauyoyi na Alƙali a London. Horar da shi na shari'a ya haifar da canjinsa zuwa aikin shari'a na soja a Ofishin Yakin, inda yiwuwar ci gaba ta iyakance. Ya yi ritaya daga aikin soja tare da matsayi na Manjo a shekarar 1955, wanda aka ruwaito cewa ya yi wasu ayyuka ga MI5 a wannan lokacin.

Da yake fuskantar yiwuwar yin aiki a kasashen waje wanda zai raba shi da iyalinsa, ya bar aikin soja kuma ya karɓi matsayi a matsayin mai ba da shawara na shari'a tare da James North Ltd, mai ƙera tufafi masu kariya a London. Ba tare da kwarewar masana'antu kai tsaye ba, da farko ya nemi matsayin gudanarwa don ya saba da ayyukan kamfanin. Kamfanin ya ba da shawarar matsayin gudanarwa a cikin ayyukansa a Dublin. Ya shiga cikin sauƙi a cikin tsohuwar kasuwancin birni, ya shiga Kildare Street Club, ya zama darektan kantin sayar da kayan Pim, kuma ya kafa aikinsa a kan kasuwanci maimakon hanyar doka.

## ''Jaridar Irish Times''
Kasancewarsa da jaridu ya zo ne ta hanyar amincewa da basirarsa ta kasuwanci. Wasu sanannun sun tambaye shi ya dubi matsalolin kudi na Evening Mail, wanda The Irish Times ya saya daga baya, yana ƙarawa ga matsalolin kudi na ƙarshe.

Daga baya The Irish Times ta tambaye shi ya ga idan Roy Thomson, dan jaridar Burtaniya da aka haifa a Kanada wanda ya sadu da shi yayin da suke kallon daban a Evening Mail, na iya sha'awar karɓar shi. Thomson ya wuce, sannan kamfanin ya nemi McDowell da kansa ya dauki nauyin a matsayin shugaban zartarwa a shekarar 1962.

Daga cikin ayyukansa na farko shine rufe Evening Mail da Sunday Review, wani ɗan gajeren labari wanda ya kasance a gaban lokacinsa. Bayan shekara guda, an warware wani matsala lokacin da Douglas Gageby, wanda aka hayar shi a matsayin manajan darektan The Irish Times jim kadan kafin zuwan McDowell, ya zama edita.

## manazarta