Sylvia Agnes Sophia Tait

**Sylvia Agnes Sophia Tait** (née Wardropper, 8 Janairu 1917 - 28 Fabrairu 2003, wanda aka fi sani da **Sylvia Simpson** daga 1941 zuwa 1956) ta kasance Masanin kimiyyar halittu na Ingila. Ta yi aiki tare da mijinta na biyu, **James Francis Tait**, daga 1948 har zuwa mutuwarta a shekara ta 2003, haɗin gwiwar da *Oxford Dictionary of National Biography* ya bayyana a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin misalai mafi nasara na haɗin gwiwar kimiyya tsakanin miji da mata". Tare, sun gano kuma sun gano hormone aldosterone, na ƙarshe na jerin hormones masu ƙarfi na Steroid da za a ware su kuma a gano su tsakanin shekarun 1920 zuwa 1950, bayan androgens, oestrogen, da glucocorticoid hormones. Aldosterone wani bangare ne na tsarin da ke sarrafa hawan jini, kuma yana haifar da kiyaye sodium, ɓoyewar potassium, ƙara riƙe ruwa, da ƙara hawan hawan jini. An yi la'akari da cewa yana da alhakin kashi 15 cikin 100 na lokuta na hawan jini.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Tait a Tyumen a Siberia, 'yar masanin ilimin gona da kuma dan kasuwa na Scotland James Wardropper da matarsa ta Rasha Ludmilla . Mahaifiyarta ta sami digiri a lissafi daga Jami'ar Moscow a Daular Rasha .

Ta koma tare da iyalinta zuwa Burtaniya a 1920, tana zaune a Ealing, kuma mahaifinta ya zama injiniyan farar hula. Ta yi karatu a makarantar Ealing County School for Girls, ta kware a harsuna. Ta yi magana da harshen Rasha sosai, kuma ta inganta Jamusanci ta hanyar kasancewa tare da dangi a Jamus kafin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu . Ta ji rauni a gwiwa tana wasa da Netball a makaranta, kuma daga baya ta sami sauye-sauye uku.

Ta ci gaba da karatunta na harshe a Kwalejin King, London, amma daga bisani ta koma Kwalejin Jami'ar London kuma ta kammala karatu tare da digiri a fannin ilimin dabbobi a 1939. Ta auri Anthony Simpson, wani dalibi na ilimin dabbobi a Kwalejin Jami'ar London kuma matukin jirgi tare da RAF Coastal Command, a 1940. An kashe shi a Norway a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1941.

## Ayyukan ilimi
Ta fara amfani da sunanta na aure, Simpson, kuma ta shiga ƙungiyar Farfesa J. Z. Young a Oxford a kusa da 1941, tana gudanar da bincike na kimiyya kan sake farfado da jijiyoyi.

A shekara ta 1944, ta koma Cibiyar Courtauld ta Biochemistry a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Asibitin Middlesex a London, tana aiki a kan magungunan roba don maye gurbin opiates, a cikin ƙungiyar da ta haɗa da Peter Claringbould Williams, Edward Charles Dodds da Wilfrid Lawson . Ta kuma yi aiki a kan estrogen tare da Williams da A. E. Wilder-Smith, suna haɓaka ƙwarewa a cikin nazarin *Halitta*. Ta fara aiki a kan adrenal Steroids tare da James Francis Tait a cikin 1948, ta gina kan aikin Ralph Dorfman. Sun haɓaka dabaru don gano adrenal steroids a kan takarda chromatograms ta amfani da hasken ultraviolet. Sun kasance wani ɓangare na hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa wanda ya gano wani fili da ba a sani ba a baya, wanda suka kira electrocortin. Ba da daɗewa ba ya bayyana cewa wannan sabon hormone ne, wanda glandar adrenal na dabbobi masu shayarwa ta ɓoye, daga baya aka sake masa suna aldosterone bayan an ƙaddara tsarinsa. Abokan hulɗarsu sun haɗa da sanannen likitan Switzerland Tadeus Reichstein,  wanda ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu karɓar kyautar Nobel a cikin Physiology ko Medicine a cikin 1950 don irin wannan aikin akan cortisol . An buga binciken a cikin Nature a cikin takarda, "Isolation of a very active mineralocorticoid from beef adrenal extract" a cikin 1952.

Ta yi aure a karo na biyu, ga James Tait, a watan Satumbar 1956, kuma ta karɓi sabon sunan aurenta Tait don dalilai na sana'a, wanda ya haifar da rikicewa. Ita da mijinta na biyu dukansu sun zama Fellows of the Royal Society a shekarar 1959.  Su ne ma'aurata na biyu da suka zama FRSs, bayan Sarauniya Victoria da Yarima Albert, kuma ma'auratan farko da aka zaba zuwa Fellowship a wannan rana.

Taits sun ci gaba da gudanar da bincike na kimiyya tare, kuma sun koma Gidauniyar Worcester don Nazarin Biology a Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, suna aiki tare da Gregory Pincus. A can sun yi aiki a kan ƙwayoyin adrenal zona glomerulosa. Sun kwashe wani lokaci a Sashen Physiology a Jami'ar Melbourne a Ostiraliya a cikin kimanin 1960 da kuma Cibiyar Howard Florey. Sun koma Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Asibitin Middlesex a shekarar 1970, inda James Tait ya zama Farfesa a fannin kimiyyar lissafi a matsayin wanda aka yi amfani da shi a fannin kiwon lafiya kuma sun kasance masu haɗin gwiwar sashin endocrinology na Biophysical.[1]

## Manazarta