Samar da man dabino a Malaysia

Samar da Man dabino yana da mahimmanci ga tattalin arzikin Malaysia, wanda shine na biyu mafi girma a duniya mai samar da kayan bayan Indonesia. Hukumar Man Fetur ta Malaysian (MPOB) hukuma ce ta gwamnati da ke da alhakin ingantawa da ci gaban bangaren man dabino a kasar. Masana'antar man dabino ta kasar tana samar da kimanin tan miliyan 90 na biomass na lignocellulosic, gami da buns na 'ya'yan itace marasa amfani, itatuwan dabino na mai, da kuma man dabino mai, da ma'adinin dabino (POME).  A cikin shekara ta 2010, don mayar da martani ga damuwa game da Tasirin zamantakewa da muhalli na man dabino, gwamnatin Malaysia ta yi alkawarin iyakance fadada gonar man dabino ta hanyar riƙe akalla rabin ƙasar ƙasar a matsayin murfin gandun daji.

Malaysia ta yi gagarumin ci gaba ga samar da man dabino mai dorewa da rage tasirin muhalli. Kasar ta himmatu ga rufe noman man dabino a hekta miliyan 6.5 da kuma kula da sama da kashi 50% na yankin ƙasar a matsayin gandun daji. Ya zuwa ga sabbin rahotanni, gandun daji na Malaysia yana da 55.3%, wanda ya ƙunshi kusan hekta miliyan 18.27.

Don ci gaba da jajircewarta ga ďorewa, Malaysia tana inganta samar da man dabino mai ɗorewa da kuma sauyawa zuwa fitar da iska. Kokarin ya haɗa da karɓar ayyukan kula da ƙasa masu ɗorewa, kama methane daga ruwan man dabino, da kuma amfani da hanyoyin samar da makamashi.

Wani binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya ba da rahoton cewa ma'adinan man dabino a Malaysia suna fitar da tsakanin 637 da 1,131 kg na CO2 daidai da ton na man dabino da aka samar. Binciken ya gano cewa ma'adanai da ke samun isasshen makamashi - ta hanyar amfani da makamashi mai sabuntawa da kuma kama methane daga ruwan man dabino - na iya rage hayaki har zuwa 457 kg CO2 daidai da ton. Wadannan binciken sun nuna yiwuwar rage fitarwa ta hanyar ingantaccen makamashi a bangaren man dabino na Malaysia.

## Tarihi

### Malaya ta Burtaniya
Gwamnatin Burtaniya ta gabatar da itatuwan dabino na dabino zuwa Malaya ta Burtaniya a farkon shekarun 1870 a matsayin tsire-tsire masu ban sha'awa daga Yankin Gabas da The Oil River Protectorate, Najeriya, Yammacin Afirka. An fara noman man dabino na kasuwanci a Selangor a 1917 a Tennamaran Estate . 

### Malaysia
A farkon shekarun 1960, noman man dabino ya karu sosai a karkashin shirin rarraba gwamnati don rage dogaro da Malaysia akan roba da tin. An gabatar da tsare-tsaren sasantawa na ƙasa na FELDA da ke kewaye da mafi yawan gonakin man dabino don kawar da talauci tsakanin mutanen yankin. A wannan lokacin, Malaysia ta kuma zama babbar mai fitar da man dabino a duniya. Manufofin Bankin Duniya a cikin shekarun 1970 sun karfafa fadada man dabino da kunshin taimakon IMF, bayan rikicin tattalin arziki na 1998, ya karfafa fadana gonakin dabino. A cikin shekarun 1980s, gwamnati ta sanya manyan kamfanonin man dabino guda uku, wadanda suka kasance Guthrie, Golden Hope da Sime Darby.

### Rashin jituwa da EU
A watan Maris na shekara ta 2019, Hukumar Tarayyar Turai ta kammala cewa noma man dabino yana haifar da lalata gandun daji da yawa kuma ya kamata a dakatar da amfani da shi a cikin man fetur na sufuri a shekarar 2030. A mayar da martani, Mahathir ya yi zargin cewa Tarayyar Turai tana cikin haɗarin fara yakin kasuwanci tare da Malaysia game da manufofinta na "marasa adalci" da aka tsara don rage amfani da man dabino, wanda Mahathir ya bayyana cewa "marasa kyau" ne kuma misali ne na "mutane masu arziki ... ƙoƙarin talauci matalauta".

### Batutuwan fitarwa tare da Indiya
Indiya, babbar mai sayen abinci a duniya, ta haramta shigo da man dabino mai tsabta daga Malaysia. Wannan matakin ya zo ne bayan New Delhi ta ki amincewa da sukar da Firayim Minista Mahathir na Malaysia ya yi game da sabuwar dokar zama ɗan ƙasa ta Indiya ta 2019, wacce ake ganin tana da niyya ga Musulmai. Reuters ta ruwaito cewa Indiya ta umarci 'yan kasuwa da su nisanta su daga man dabino na Malaysia. 'Yan kasuwa na Indiya suna sayen man dabino na Indonesiya a farashi na tan $ 10 a farashin Malaysia. Amma, Mahathir ya kasance ba tare da jinkiri ba, yana cewa "Muna damuwa ba shakka saboda muna sayar da man dabino da yawa ga Indiya, amma a gefe guda muna buƙatar yin gaskiya kuma mu ga cewa idan wani abu ya yi kuskure, dole ne mu faɗi hakan".

### Amfani da aiki
A ƙarshen Disamba 2020, Kwastam da Tsaro na Ƙasar Amurka (CBP) sun ba da "tsarewar sakin" wanda ya hana shigo da man dabino zuwa Amurka wanda Sime Darby ya samar bayan bincike na tsawon watanni game da aikin tilas a gonakin Sime Darby. Harkokin Amurka a kan Sime Darby ya biyo bayan irin wannan haramcin Amurka a kan kamfanin man dabino na FGV Holdings kan zargin tilasta aiki. Za a iya ɗaga haramcin idan aka ɗauki mataki na gyarawa.[1] A cewar CBP, Malaysia ta kai kashi 31% (kimanin dala miliyan 410) na shigo da man dabino na Amurka a cikin shekara ta 2020. 

## Yankin
Ya zuwa shekara ta 2, gonar man dabino ta kai jimlar amfani da ƙasa na 57,400 km2 a Malaysia.

## Manazarta