Tsaron 'yan jarida

**Tsaro na [[Ɗan jarida|'yan jarida]]** shine ikon' yan jarida da masu sana'a na kafofin watsa labarai don karɓar, samarwa da raba bayanai ba tare da fuskantar barazanar jiki ko ta ɗabi'a ba.

'Yan jarida na iya fuskantar tashin hankali da tsoratarwa saboda nuna ainihin hakkinsu na' 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki. Tsakanin barazanar da suke fuskanta sun hada da kisan kai, satar mutane, garkuwa da mutane, cin zarafin kan layi da kan layi, tsoratar da mutane, bacewar da aka tilasta, tsare-tsare da azabtarwa. Har ila yau, 'yan jarida mata suna fuskantar takamaiman haɗari kuma suna da haɗari musamman ga cin zarafin jima'i, ko a cikin hanyar cin zarafin da aka yi niyya, sau da yawa a matsayin fansa ga aikinsu; cin zarafin lalata da ke da alaƙa da jama'a da 'yan jaridar da ke rufe abubuwan da suka faru a jama'a; ko cin zarafin' yan jarida a tsare ko bauta. Yawancin waɗannan laifuka ba a bayar da rahoton su ba sakamakon mummunan al'adu da ƙwarewa. "

Da yawa, 'yan jarida, musamman' yan jarida mata, suna fuskantar cin zarafi da cin zarafi a kan layi, kamar maganganun ƙiyayya, cin zarafin yanar gizo, cin zarafi na yanar gizo, doxing, trolling, Jin kunya ga jama'a, tsoratarwa da barazana.

Daga 2016 zuwa 2020, Darakta Janar na UNESCO Audrey Azoulay ya yi Allah wadai da mutuwar 'yan jarida 400. An lura da yanayin raguwa idan aka kwatanta da lokacin daga 2012 zuwa 2016, lokacin da Darakta Janar na UNESCO ya yi Allah wadai da mutuwar 'yan jarida 530, wanda ya yi daidai da matsakaicin mutuwar biyu a kowane mako. A cikin 2021, an yi rikodin kashe-kashen 'yan jarida 55, wannan shine mafi ƙarancin adadin da Darakta Janar na UNESCO ya rubuta a cikin shekaru 14. A cikin 2020, yawancin kisan gillar da aka yi wa 'yan jarida ya faru ne a wani mahallin da ba na rikici ba, wanda ke wakiltar kashi 61% na kisan 'yan jaridar shekara. An lura da akasin haka a shekara ta 2016, inda kashi 50% na kashe-kashen ya faru a kasashe a cikin kasashe da ke fama da rikici.

A cewar Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida (CPJ), kusan kashi 50 cikin 100 na wadanda aka tabbatar da mutuwarsu tana da alaƙa da aikinsu a matsayin' yan jarida an kashe su, yayin da kashi 36 cikin 100 aka kama su a cikin wuta kuma 14% aka kashe yayin da suke cikin aiki mai haɗari. A cewar kungiyar ba da agaji, kungiyoyin siyasa sun kasance tushen tashin hankali (36%) a cikin wadannan kashe-kashen, sannan jami'an soja (22%) da kuma wadanda ba a san su ba (20%). 

Nazarin UNESCO na World Trend Report in Freedom of Expression and media development: Global Report 2017/2018, ya gano cewa a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata, an kashe 'yan jarida 113 masu zaman kansu, wanda ke wakiltar 21% na jimlar' yan jarida da aka kashe. An yi la'akari da cewa 'Yan jarida masu zaman kansu suna da rauni sosai, galibi suna aiki su kaɗai a kan labaru, a cikin yanayi mai haɗari, kuma ba tare da irin matakin taimako da kariya ba kamar' yan jarida. A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, an tabbatar da yanayin, a zahiri Rahoton Darakta Janar na Kungiyar game da lafiyar' yan jarida da haɗarin rashin hukunci na 2022 ya gano cewa a cikin shekarun 2020-2021, kusan 1/5 na duk kashe-kashen' yan jaridu 'yan jarida ne masu zaman kansu. Binciken ya tabbatar da cewa an yi rikodin kashe-kashen 'yan jarida 11 a cikin 2020, wanda ke wakiltar kashi 18% na duk kashe-kisan da 11 a cikin 2021 wanda ke wakil da kashi 20% na kashe-kashin.

### Ta'addanci da karuwar haɗari
Ta'addanci yana wakiltar barazana kai tsaye da ke ƙaruwa ga 'yan jarida, wanda ya ɗauki nau'in satar mutane, barazanar kisa ko hacking. A ƙarshen shekarun 1970s, manufofin gabaɗaya na maraba da 'yan jarida zuwa yankunan da ake sarrafawa sun canza. Kungiyoyi irin su Khmer Rouge a Kambodiya, Red Brigades a Italiya, Shining Path a Peru da Armed Islamic Group (GIA) a Aljeriya sun yi niyya ga 'yan jarida, suna la'akari da su a matsayin mataimakan ikon da suke fada, kuma ta haka ne a matsayin abokan gaba. Tsakanin 1993 da 1997, an kashe 'yan jarida da ma'aikatan kafofin watsa labarai sama da 100 a Aljeriya. A lokacin Yaƙin basasar Lebanon (1975-1990), satar 'yan jarida na duniya ya zama dabara ce ta yau da kullun.

hA cewar Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida (CPJ), kashi 40% na' yan jarida da aka kashe a shekarar 2015 kungiyoyin da ke da'awar bin addinin Islama masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ne suka kashe su. Wakilan yada labarai na kasa da kasa, musamman, ana daukar su a matsayin masu garkuwa, ko raguna na hadaya, wanda aka yi wasan kwaikwayo don yin farfagandar ta'addanci. Wannan ya faru da James Foley, Steven Sotloff (Amurka) da Kenji Goto (Japan), waɗanda Daesh ya fille musu kawunansu.

Raunin da tasirin motsin rai na shaidar ta'addanci shima lamari ne ga 'yan jarida, saboda suna iya fuskantar damuwa, rashin barci, fushi da matsalolin jiki kamar gajiya ko ciwon kai. Hakanan yana iya haifar da rikicewar damuwa, wanda zai iya haifar da rashin jin tsoro, tsoro da fidda rai. Dangane da binciken Eyewitness Media Hub na 2015, kashi 40% na 'yan jarida da aka yi hira da su sun yarda cewa kallon shaidar bidiyo yana da mummunar tasiri ga rayuwarsu.

Kare tushen da sa ido yana daya daga cikin manyan batutuwa a cikin ɗaukar ta'addanci don kare shaidu da masu hira daga ramuwar gayya.

## Manazarta