Shirin fadar shekara ta Renyin

Makircin fadar shekara ta  (Sinanci mai sauƙi; Sinanci na gargajiya), wanda aka fi sani da Fadar Mata (宮女起義), wani makircin Daular Ming ne da aka yi wa Sarkin sarakuna na Jiajing, inda mata goma sha shida suka yi ƙoƙari su kashe shi. Ya faru ne a shekara ta 1542, shekara ta 21 ta mulkin Sarkin sarakuna na Jiajing da kuma shekara ta renyin na sake zagayowar shekaru sittin, saboda haka sunansa.

## Dalilan da suka haifar
An kira Sarkin sarakuna na Jiajing "Sarkin sarakuna" saboda bin addinin Taoist, musamman duba da alchemy.[2] Ɗaya daga cikin alchemical concoctions da ya ɗauka don tsawaita rayuwarsa, a kan roƙon wani firist na Taoist a kotunsa, wani abu ne da aka yi daga jinin budurwa da ake kira "ja gubar" (紅鉛).  [2][3] An ajiye 'yan mata masu shekaru 13-14 don wannan dalili, kuma an ciyar da su ne kawai ganyen Mulberry da ruwan sama.[3] Dukkanin 'yan mata da suka kamu da cututtuka an kore su.[4] An ba da shawarar cewa wannan cin zarafin ya haifar da tashin hankali.[3] "Suna ɓoyewa a cikin ɗakunan ciki, sun kasance da ƙiyayya daga inuwa na gidan sarauta", in ji marigayi masanin tarihin Ming Tan Qian.[2]

Wani sashi na labarin shine cewa lambun Sarkin sarakuna na Jiajing yana da itatuwan ayaba da yawa, kuma raɓa da aka tattara daga ganye ya ɗanɗana daɗi da wartsakewa. Sarkin sarakuna na Jiajing ya sha ruwa, yana gaskata cewa zai inganta tsawon rai. An sanya 'yan mata a cikin fadar su tattara raɓa kowace safiya, kuma da yawa daga cikinsu sun yi rashin lafiya saboda sanyi.

Wani lokaci ana aika tsofaffin mata don karɓar raɓa a matsayin wani nau'i na azabtarwa. Wani lokaci, an ba Sarkin sarakuna "tudu na tsawon rai" wanda aka canza shi da launuka daban-daban guda biyar, kuma ya umarci ƙwaraƙwaransa masu ƙanƙanta su kula da dabbar. Koyaya, tururuwar ta mutu, kuma Sarkin sarakuna mai fushi ya umarci ƙwaraƙwarai su karɓi raɓa na safe. A lokaci guda, Concubine Ning yana yada jita-jita cewa sarki ya rasa ikon sama saboda Consort Duan ya yi masa sihiri. Wannan jita-jita ta yi zargin cewa Consort Duan a zahiri ruhun fox ne kuma sihirinta a kan Sarkin sarakuna ya ɓata wa sama rai. Lokacin da Sarkin sarakuna ya gano, sai ya umarci Concubine Ning da ta karɓi raɓa a matsayin horo. Lokacin da yake cikin lambun, Concubine Ning ya sadu da wasu ƙwaraƙwarai waɗanda aka azabtar da su, kuma sun shirya wani shiri. Idan aka sami Sarkin sarakuna ya mutu a cikin ɗakin Consort Duan, za a manta da abin da ya faru na marigayin kuma za a tabbatar da Concubine Ning saboda cewa Sarkin sarakunan ya rasa tagomashin sama saboda Consort Duans. 

## Abubuwan da suka faru
A shekara ta 1542, Sarkin sarakuna yana zaune a gidan Consort Duan. Wani rukuni na mata na fadar da ke yin kamar suna jiransa sun ɗaure igiyar hemp a wuyansa kuma sun yi ƙoƙari su maƙure shi. An ɗaure igiyar ba daidai ba, ta kasa kashe Sarkin sarakuna kuma a maimakon haka kawai ta sa ya fadi daga tsoro. Da yake fahimtar cewa makircin ya gaza, Zhang Jinlian ya firgita kuma ya tafi ya faɗakar da Empress Fang. Sarauniyar ta yi hanzari, kuma bābānni sun farfado da Sarkin sarakuna. An kama dukkan matan fadar.  [2]

## Sakamakon haka
Bayan harin, Sarkin sarakuna na Jiajing bai san komai ba har kwana da yawa, don haka Sarauniyar Fang ta sanya hukunci ga matan fadar. Ta umarci su duka, ciki har da Zhang Jinlian, wanda ya sanar da ita game da harin, zuwa mutuwar jama'a ta hanyar sliting. Kodayake Consort Duan ba ta kasance ba, Empress ta yanke shawarar cewa ta shiga cikin makircin kuma ta yanke mata hukuncin kisa. An nuna gawarwakin matan fadar, Concubine Ning, da Consort Duan a kan ƙugiyoyi. [2] An kuma fille kawuna goma na iyalan mata, yayin da aka ba da wasu ashirin kuma aka ba da kyauta ga ministoci, tare da dukiyarsu da aka kwace kuma aka ba wa iyalan jami'an da ke da aminci ga Sarkin sarakuna.

## Sakamakon
Kodayake Sarkin sarakuna na Jiajing ya gaza a lokacin, ya yi fushi da Empress Fang saboda ya kashe matarsa da ya fi so Duan. Daga baya ya yanke shawarar Consort Duan ba ta da laifi kuma ya zargi Empress da yin amfani da halin da ake ciki don kawar da kanta daga abokin hamayyar da aka ƙi.[1] A shekara ta 1547, lokacin da wuta ta lalata wasu sassan fadar, Sarkin sarakuna ya ki ceto Empress Fang, kuma ta kone har ta mutu.[2] Sarkin sarakuna ya yi iƙirarin cewa wannan nufin sama ne.[1]

Bayan tashin hankali, Sarkin sarakuna na Jiajing bai daina samar da ja ba. Maimakon haka, ya ba da umarnin a karfafa takunkumin ga 'yan mata da ke shiga fadar. A shekara ta 1547, an zaɓi 'yan mata 300 tsakanin shekaru 11 zuwa 14 a matsayin sabbin matan fadar. A shekara ta 1552, an zaɓi wasu 'yan mata 200 don yin aiki a fadar, amma an rage mafi ƙarancin shekaru zuwa shekaru takwas.[3] Shekaru uku bayan haka, a cikin 1555, an kai 'yan mata 150 a ƙarƙashin shekaru takwas cikin fadar don a yi amfani da su don yin maganin Sarkin sarakuna.[3]

## Bayanan da aka ambata