open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Gidan baje kolin yankin Hazelhurst da Cibiyar Fasaha

**Cibiyar Fasaha ta Hazelhurst**, wacce aka fi sani da **Cibiyar Hotuna da Fasaha ta Yankin Hazelhurst**, **Hazelhurst Gallery** da **Hazelhurst**, wani katafaren gini ne na fasaha da ke kan titin Kingsway a yankin Gymea, a kudancin Sydney, New South Wales, Ostiraliya.   Ita ce cibiyar fasahar jama'a ta farko a Ostiraliya kuma tana kan  na lambuna. Katafaren ginin ya ƙunshi ɗakunan zane-zane guda biyu, gidan wasan kwaikwayo, ɗakunan zane-zane, ɗakunan taro, shagon kyaututtuka da gidan shayi da kuma lambuna. Hakanan ana iya hayar wurin a matsayin cibiyar ayyuka. Hazelhurst ya buɗe a ranar 22 ga Janairu 2000. Masu zane-zane na ginin sune Michael Bennet (na Jackson, Teece, Chesterman, Willis) tare da haɗin gwiwar Esther da Trevor Hayter. Oi Choong ne ya tsara lambun.

## Tarihi
Hazelhurst wani shiri ne na Majalisar Sutherland Shire kuma an ƙirƙiro shi ne ta hannun gado daga Ben da Hazel Broadhurst. An gina filin da ya zama Hazelhurst a shekarar 1945, inda aka gina wani gida mai hawa biyu, wanda aka tsara tare da taimakon mai zane na gida Harry Smith. Yanzu ana amfani da gidan a matsayin ɗakin studio na masu zane-zane na Hazelhurst da kuma na kafofin watsa labarai na dijital.

## Hotunan Hotuna

Fayil:Hazelhurst_4.JPG|alt=Hazelhurst Gallery| Gidan Tarihi na Hazelhurst
Fayil:Hazelhurst_3.JPG|alt=Hazelhurst gardens| Lambunan Hazelhurst
Fayil:Hazelhurst_1.JPG|alt=Hazelhurst gates| Ƙofofin Hazelhurst


## Manazarta
Juaso

**Juaso** gari ne kuma shine babban birnin Asante Akim ta Kudu, gundumar da ke yankin Ashanti na Ghana .  

## Sufuri
Garin yana aiki da tashar a tsakiyar layin Ghana Railway Corporation.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Busunya

**Busunya** wani gari ne a yankin Bono East na Ghana . An san garin da makarantar sakandare ta Busunya .  Makarantar cibiyar sake zagayowar ta biyu ce. Busunya kuma tana da cibiyar kiwon lafiya. 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Abankeseso

**Abankeseso** wanda aka fi sani da Ntibanso, shine babban birnin jihar Denkyira daga farkon karni na 17 zuwa 1701.

A cikin 1692 'yan kasuwa na Dutch, Ingilishi da Brandenburger sun yi tafiya zuwa Abankeseso kuma sun kafa alaƙar kasuwanci tare da Denkyirahene Boamponsem .  A shekara ta 1701, bayan da aka ci Denkyira a Yaƙin Feyiase, an kori Abankeseso. An watsar da birnin har abada bayan Denkyira ya yi tawaye da Asante a 1823, kuma wadanda suka tsira sun gudu zuwa kudu zuwa Dunkwa da Jukwa.

## Tushen

* 
* 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Hatch (Sri Lanka)

**Hatch** wani wuri ne na aiki tare da farawa wanda ke zaune a Sri Lanka, tare da hedkwatarsa a Colombo da reshe a Jaffna. Yana da niyyar inganta kirkire-kirkire, kasuwanci, da haɗin gwiwa ta hanyar samar da kayan aiki na zamani, damar sadarwar, da kuma jagoranci ga masu farawa masu tasowa.

Hatch yana ba da yanayin haɗin gwiwa wanda aka tsara don tallafawa ci gaban kasuwancin farko. 

Hatch kuma tana tallafawa shirye-shirye daban-daban, gami da shirye-shiryen hanzari, bita na ilimi, da sabis na ci gaban kasuwanci, yana mai da shi babban mai kunnawa a cikin tsarin halittu na farawa na Sri Lanka.

## Tarihi
Jeevan Gnanam, Brindha Selvadurai-Gnanam, da Nathan Sivagananathan ne suka kafa Hatch a shekarar 2018.

Hatch a hukumance ta kaddamar da kayan aikinta na 60,000-square-foot a ranar 24 ga Janairu, 2019, samar da sarari ga mutane sama da 1,000 da kuma gidaje fiye da 115 farawa.

Hatch yana a 14 Sir Baron Jayatilaka Mawatha (tsohon titin Prince) a yankin Colombo Fort, sau ɗaya cibiyar hada-hadar kudi ce a Kudancin Asiya. Ginin Edwardian mai hawa shida, wanda ya samo asali ne daga 1910, shine mafi tsayi a Colombo Fort a Lokacin mulkin mallaka kuma a baya ya kasance Harrisons & Crosfield da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje, da sauransu, kafin ya fada cikin lalacewa.

## Shirye-shiryen
Hatch tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a tsarin halittu na farawa na Sri Lanka ta hanyar bayar da shirye-shirye da yawa da aka tsara don tallafawa kasuwancin farko. 

* Shirye-shiryen hanzari: Hatch ya aiwatar da shirye-shiryen kasuwanci 18 da hanzari, yana shiga tare da farawa sama da 700 a Sri Lanka. Shahararrun shirye-shirye sun hada da:

** AccelerateHer: An ƙaddamar da shi tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, wannan hanzari an tsara shi ne don mata masu kafawa, samar da kudade na iyawa, bita mai tsarawa, jagoranci, da kuma samun damar cibiyar sadarwa ta duniya.

** HatchX: Mai hanzarin fintech na farko na Sri Lanka, wanda aka kafa tare da haɗin gwiwar Lankan Angel Network kuma Gidauniyar Ford ta goyi bayan haɗin gwiwar dabarun Fintech Association of Sri Lanka, yana da niyyar rufe rata tsakanin sababbin farawa da masu kula da kuɗi.

** GoviLab: An ƙaddamar da mai hanzari na AgriTech tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Sarvodaya don inganta kirkire-kirkire a cikin aikin gona mai ɗorewa.

* Tattaunawar Ilimi: Hatch yana ba da bita da aka mayar da hankali kan dabarun, ayyuka, ci gaban kasuwanci, ƙirar samfur, fasaha, ci gaba, alaƙar jama'a, alama, da kuma gudanar da basira don magance gibin ilimi tsakanin 'yan kasuwa.

* Ayyukan Ci gaban Kasuwanci: Hatch yana ba da tallafi a fannoni kamar shigo da takardun fitarwa, sabis na lissafi, binciken doka, da taimakon harajin samun kudin shiga, yana ba da damar farawa don haɓaka ayyukansu yadda ya kamata.

## Kyaututtuka
Hatch ya sami karbuwa mai mahimmanci a cikin tsarin kasuwancin Sri Lanka da kuma duniya baki daya, inda ya lashe kyautar Best Co-Working Space a Duniya a Global Startup Awards a 2021. Wannan lambar yabo ta nuna karo na farko da wani wuri na aiki tare da Asiya ta Kudu ya karbi wannan girmamawa.

## Manazarta
Ato Ulzen-Appiah

**Ato Ulzen-Appiah** (an haife shi a ranar 31 ga watan Disamba 1983 a Syracuse) ɗan kasuwa ne na zamantakewar al'umma, mai 

ba da shawara, Mai rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo kuma darektan Gidauniyar GhanaThink wanda aka ba shi suna Matasan Maza na Afirka na Shekara 2018. Barcamp Ghana, Junior Camp Ghana, Ghana Volunteer Program (National Volunteer Day), Komseko, shirye-shiryen GhanaThink Foundation ne da ke ba da gudummawa ga matasa don ɗaukar matsayin sa kai a Ghana. Ato mai amfani da kafofin sada zumunta ne kuma mai ba da shawara ga matasa da yawa.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Ulzen-Appiah ya fito ne daga Elmina amma ya girma a Kumasi, Ghana. Ya fara karatunsa na asali a Makarantar Firamare ta Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah a Kumasi . Daga nan sai ya ci gaba zuwa makarantar sakandare ta Presbyterian Boys (PRESEC) don karatun sakandare. Daga baya ya tafi Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT) don digiri na farko a cikin Injiniyanci da digiri na biyu a cikin Gine-gine da Injiniyancin Injiniya daga Jami'ar Stanford.

## Ayyuka
Ulzen-Appiah a halin yanzu shine darektan Gidauniyar GhanaThink wacce ke tattara da shirya baiwa don amfanin farko na Ghana. Ya fara aikinsa na sana'a a Google a matsayin manajan shirye-shirye wanda ke gina al'ummomin fasaha masu ɗorewa a Afirka, yana kula da abubuwan da suka faru na fasaha a nahiyar. Daga nan sai ya shiga Rancard a matsayin manajan samfurin da ke gina sabbin ayyukan kudaden shiga daga dandalin sa, wanda ke kula da biyan kuɗi da karɓar abun ciki. Ya kafa Museke.com wani shafin yanar gizon kiɗa na Afirka, tare da mai da hankali kan kalmomin. Shi memba ne na Global Shapers Alumni na Cibiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya ta Accra. Ya kasance a kan bangarori da yawa suna tattauna makomar Afirka da sabon zamani na dijital ta amfani da kafofin sada zumunta. Ya kasance alƙali a kan ƙalubalen farawa na Seedstars Accra.

Ulzen-Appiah yana aiki a matsayin manajan shirin a cibiyar kirkire-kirkire ta Kosmos. A matsayinsa, yana taimakawa masu farawa na kasuwanci don ƙaddamar da kasuwancin su kuma yana ba da sabis na ba da shawara a cikin ƙalubalen ƙirar Kosmos wanda shine babban shirin cibiyar ƙirar Kosmus.

In 2014, Ulzen-Appiah served as a guest panelist on Digital Media and Entertainment, during the 16th Annual Africa Business Conference at the Harvard Business School. He shared the panel with Solo Nnanna (A marketing manager for Viacom International)  and Award-winning technologist Ade Olufeko. The panel was moderated by Uzodinma Iweala the Editor-in-Chief of *Ventures Africa* 

## Manazarta
2017 Fitar da Paris

A yammacin 19 ga Satumba 2017, wani dan sanda ya kashe mutane uku kuma ya ji wa wasu rauni uku yayin kisan kai a Paris, Faransa.

## Harbe-harbe
Da misalin karfe 20:45 na lokacin gida a cikin Garin Sarcelles, a cikin yankunan arewacin Paris, ɗan sanda mai shekaru 31 Arnaud M. da budurwarsa suna tattaunawa a cikin motansu, yayin da matar ke da niyyar karya dangantakarsu da mutumin. Ba zato ba tsammani, jami'in ya nuna bindiga ga budurwarsa kuma ya buɗe wuta, ya ji mata rauni sosai a fuska.[1] Maza biyu na yankin, masu shekaru 30 da 44, wadanda ke kusa a lokacin da lamarin ya faru, sun shiga tsakani yayin da suka ji karar harbin. Mutumin ya fita daga motar ya harbe shi ya kashe maza biyu.[2] Daga nan sai ya tafi gidan budurwar, inda ya sadu da iyayenta da 'yar'uwarta. Arnaud M. ya sake bude wuta kuma ya kashe mahaifin matar kuma ya ji wa mahaifiyar da 'yar'uwar rauni. Daga nan sai ya kashe kare na iyali kuma ya kashe kansa, ya kawo karshen kisan.[3]￼

## Manazarta
Rikicin cikin gida a Uganda

**Rikicin cikin gida a Uganda** matsala ce kamar yadda take a sassa da yawa na Afirka.

Akwai zurfin imani na al'adu a Uganda cewa yana da kyau a kai mata don horar da ita.

Kashe mata yana biyan tattalin arzikin Uganda biliyoyin shillings a kowace shekara.

## Yaduwa
Daga rahoton kasa na 2016-2022, kimanin kashi 56% na matan Uganda masu shekaru tsakanin 15 zuwa 49 sun fuskanci tashin hankali na jiki, yayin da kashi 22% suka fuskanci tashin hankalin jima'i. A cikin 2016, an bayar da rahoton shari'ar tashin hankali ta jiki ta 22.3%, an bayar da rahoto game da jima'i ta 16.6% (UNIPH, UNFPA Uganda). Yankin Bukedi ya yi rajistar mafi girman kashi na tashin hankali na jiki tare da 32.6% da tashin hankali na jima'i tare da 37.1% yayin da Ankole ya yi rajista mafi girman kashi a cikin tashin hankali na motsin rai tare da 48.6% (UDHS 2016, UBOS). Shekarar 2020 mai yiwuwa ta ga kusan karuwar kashi 29% a cikin shari'o'in tashin hankali na cikin gida tare da rahotanni 17,664, sama da 13,693 a cikin 2019.  A cikin 2021, an bayar da rahoton shari'o'in tashin hankali na jinsi 272,737 (yan sanda, 2016-2021 duka). 

Rahoton aikata laifuka na shekara-shekara na 'yan sanda na Uganda na 2023 ya rubuta shari'o'i 14, 846 na tashin hankali da ya shafi jima'i na waɗannan wadanda aka azabtar 10,792 sun kasance mata manya idan aka kwatanta da manya maza 3,243, laifuka masu alaƙa da yara 10,741 da ke nuna duka ci gaba da tashin hankali na Jender-Based kuma yana da lalacewa.[1] Rahoton ya kuma lura cewa an kashe mutane 249 sakamakon tashin hankali na gida (mata 113 da maza 95). A cewar Forum of Women in Democracy, kusan kashi 33% na gidaje a Uganda suna fuskantar GBV. Wani binciken halitta na Mata na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya ba da rahoton cewa kashi 56% na matan da suka yi aure tsakanin shekaru 15 zuwa 30 sun sha wahala a hannun abokan aikinsu.￼

Duk da yawan rahotanni da aka rubuta, shari'o'i 1,520 ne kawai suka kai kotuna wanda ya haifar da hukunci 423 kawai. 

## Dubi kuma

* Mata a Uganda

* William Unek

## Manazarta
Muhalli na Florida

**ilimin muhalli na Florida** yana la'akari da yankuna biyu na matakin I da uku na matakin II / III da ke dauke da tsarin halittu daban-daban sama da 80. Sun bambanta a cikin ilimin ruwa, yanayi, yanayin ƙasa, nau'ikan ƙasa, tsire-tsire, da fauna, suna samar da hotspot na duniya.

## Yanayin halittu
yanayin Florida ya bambanta a fadin jihar saboda yanayin polar da tsawon kilomita 447. Daga tsakiyar Florida zuwa iyakar Georgia, yanayin yana da zafi mai zafi, yayin da Kudancin Florida yana da Yanayin zafi. Ƙarshen bazara zuwa tsakiyar faduwa ana nuna shi da babban lokacin ruwan sama, tare da guguwa, tsawa, da guguwar wurare masu zafi. Lokacin hunturu da bazara sun fi bushewa, sau da yawa suna haifar da gobara da ka'idojin hana wuta. An yi rikodin dusar ƙanƙara a arewacin Florida, kuma sanyi mai tsanani ya lalata itatuwan orange.

## Yanayi mai gina jiki

### Dabbobi

#### Duniya

Florida gida ce ga dabbobi daban-daban. Fiye da nau'ikan dabbobi na ƙasa 700 suna samuwa a cikin jihar, gami da Bobcats, Armadillos, opossums, da foxes. Fiye da nau'ikan tsuntsaye 500 an ga su a cikin jihar, kuma gida ne ga kimanin nau'ikan nau'ikan gaggafa 1,500. Tsarin halittu daban-daban na Florida gida ne ga nau'ikan kwari da yawa,  gami da Gulf fritillary, malam buɗe ido na asalin Florida.

Yanayin yanayi mai sauƙi na Florida, tashar jiragen ruwa na duniya, da kasuwancin dabbobi da na yara sun sa jihar ta kasance mai saukin kamuwa da nau'o'in da ke mamayewa; waɗanda a halin yanzu ke haifar da barazana sun haɗa da Burmese python, cane toad, aladu, da zaki. Har ila yau, ana barazanar dabbobin daji ta hanyar asarar mazaunin ta hanyar canza ƙasar zuwa noma da ci gaban birane.

#### Ruwa

Ruwa na Florida yana tallafawa fiye da nau'in kifi na ruwa mai laushi 200.

## Manazarta
Tim Jackson (masanin tattalin arziki)

**Tim Jackson** FRSA FAcSS (an haife shi a shekara ta 1957) masanin tattalin arziki ne na Birtaniya kuma farfesa a fannin ci gaba mai dorewa a Jami'ar Surrey . Shi ne darektan Cibiyar Fahimtar Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa (CUSP), wata ƙungiya mai bincike ta ƙasa da ƙasa wacce ke da nufin fahimtar fannoni na tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da siyasa na ci gaba mai dorewa. Tim Jackson shine marubucin *Prosperity Without Growth* (2009 da 2017) da *Material Concerns* (1996). A shekara ta 2016, ya sami lambar yabo ta Hillary Laureate don jagoranci na musamman a tsakiyar aiki.  An buga littafinsa na baya-bayan nan *The Care Economy* a watan Mayu na 2025 ta Polity Press.

## Ayyuka

### Ayyukan ilimi
Fiye da shekaru ashirin da biyar, ya yi aiki a duniya kan amfani da kayan aiki da samarwa. A cikin shekaru biyar a Cibiyar Muhalli ta Stockholm a farkon shekarun 1990, ya fara manufar kula da muhalli mai kariya wanda aka tsara a cikin littafinsa na 1996 Material Concerns - riba ta gurɓata da ingancin rayuwa.

Daga 1995 zuwa 2000, Jackson ya gudanar da wata kungiya ta EPSRC a kan Thermodynamics na Fasaha Mai Tsabtace. Daga shekara ta 2003 zuwa shekara ta 2005, ya gudanar da Binciken Bincike na Farfesa a kan ilimin halayyar jama'a na amfani mai ɗorewa. Daga 2006 zuwa 2011 Jackson ya kasance Darakta na ƙungiyar Bincike ta ESRC kan Rayuwa, Daraja da Muhalli. Daga 2010 zuwa 2014, ya kasance Darakta na Kungiyar Binciken Rayuwa mai dorewa. Daga 2013 zuwa 2017, ya kasance ESRC Professioral Research Fellow a kan wadata da dorewa a cikin Green Economy .  Tun daga shekara ta 2018 yana zaune a kwamitin ba da shawara na Cibiyar ZOE don Tattalin Arziki ta Makomar.

### Mawallafin wasan kwaikwayo
Baya ga aikinsa na ilimi da ba da shawara,  Jackson marubuci ne na wasan kwaikwayo tare da rubuce-rubuce da yawa na Rediyon BBC ga sunansa.  Jerin wasan kwaikwayo na muhalli na 30 Cry of the Bittern ya lashe lambar yabo ta 1997 Public Awareness of Science (PAWS). The Language of Flowers, wani wasan kwaikwayo game da rayuwa da aikin mawaki na karni na 18 Christopher Smart, ya lashe kyautar Marulić ta 2004. Wasan Jackson na baya-bayan nan, Variations, wanda aka rubuta a kusa da sonata na Beethoven na wannan sunan, ya lashe Grand Prix Marulić na 2007  kuma an jera shi don lambar yabo ta Sony ta 2008. 

## Manazarta
Rikicin cikin gida a Tajikistan

**[[Tashin hankali na gida|Domestic violence]] in Tajikistan** is very high, due to traditional Tajik muslim family values, as well as a reluctance by the authorities to intervene in what is viewed in Tajikistan as a "private family matter".

## Yankin
Fiye da kashi 40% na matan Tajik sun fuskanci tashin hankali na jiki, na tunani, ko na jima'i daga mazajensu ko surukansu, tare da ƙimar da ta fi girma a cikin yankunan karkara da ƙananan iyalai. Wata mace ta gaya wa Amnesty International cewa a cikin shekaru biyar na aurenta, ba a yarda ta bar gidan mijinta ba, yayin da wata ta ba da rahoton cewa saurayinta ya yi mata fyade, wanda ya yi barazanar kashe ta idan ta gaya wa kowa, kuma ya ci gaba da tilasta mata yin jima'i na watanni huɗu. Dokar ta haramta fyade, wanda za'a iya hukunta shi da shekaru 20 a kurkuku. Babu wata doka ta daban don fyade na aure.

Mata da yawa suna fuskantar mummunar zalunci daga mazaje ko surukai a lokacin aure. Yawancin matan Tajik, musamman wadanda ke cikin aji na ƙasa suna barin makaranta da wuri don yin aure, suna barin su ba tare da isasshen ilimi ba, kuma galibi ana tura su cikin ayyukan da ba su da albashi, suna barin sun dogara da mazajensu. 

A cikin 2013, Tajikistan ta kafa Dokar kan Rigakafin Rikicin Cikin Gida, dokar farko da ta yi game da Rikicin Cikin gida.

## Halin zamantakewar Tajik
Sau da yawa ana ganin tashin hankali a cikin gida kamar yadda al'umma ta dace: binciken UNICEF ya gano cewa kashi 62.4% na mata a Tajikistan sun tabbatar da dūkan mata idan matar ta fita ba tare da ta gaya wa mijinta ba; 68% idan ta yi jayayya da shi; 47.9% idan ta ki yin jima'i da shi. Wani bincike kuma ya gano cewa mata da maza sun yarda cewa ya dace ga miji ko surukarta su doke matarsu / surukarta wacce ta "yi magana", ta yi rashin biyayya, ta bar gidan ba tare da izini ba, ba ta shirya abincin dare a kan lokaci ba, ko kuma ba ta kula da yara yadda ya kamata ba.

'Yan sanda galibi ba sa son shiga tsakani a cikin abubuwan da suka faru na cikin gida. Manufar hukuma ita ce inganta sulhu. 'Yan sanda galibi suna zargin mata saboda cin zarafinsu, kuma wani lokacin suna zagin mata da ke ƙoƙarin bayar da rahoton cin zarafi. Mata da ke ƙoƙarin bayar da rahoton shari'o'in cin zarafi ga 'yan sanda galibi ana gaya musu su gabatar da korafi, ko kuma a kore su. Ba a horar da ma'aikatan shari'a, 'yan sanda, da likitoci don magance shari'o'in tashin hankali na gida ba. Maza masu cin zarafi ba sa yawan kamawa ko gurfanar da su.[1]￼

## Dubi kuma

* Mata a Tajikistan

## Manazarta
Olukoya Ogen

**Olukoya Ogen** Farfesa ce ta Tarihi ta Najeriya . Ya kasance Fellow na Kwalejin Harafi ta Najeriya  da kuma Tarihin Tarihi na Najeriya  kuma tsohon Provost  na Kwaleji ta Ilimi ta Adeyemi, Najeriya.

## Ilimi
Olukoya Ogen ya sami digiri na PhD a Tarihi daga Jami'ar Legas da kuma Takardar shaidar Kasuwanci, Girma da Talauci daga Cibiyar Bankin Duniya, Washington DC a shekara ta 2006. Ya kasance Leventis Scholar a Jami'ar London a shekara ta 2008; a British Academy Visiting Fellow a Jami'an Birmingham a shekara ta 2009; a Cadbury Visiting Fello a shekara ta 2010; da kuma American Council of Learned Societies Postdoctoral Fellow a shekara ta 2011. Ya kuma kasance Darakta na Ƙasa da Co-Bincike na Kyautar Majalisar Bincike ta Turai daga 2012 zuwa 2017. Olukoya Ogen ta sami kyautar Jami'ar Leeds' LUCAS-LAHRI Visiting Fellowship a shekarar 2022. Ya kuma lashe babbar Asusun UNESCO na Duniya don Binciken Al'adu a cikin 2023 a tsakanin sauran tallafin bincike. Ya ƙware a tarihin zamantakewa da al'adu da tattalin arziki na Najeriya.

## Ayyukan sana'a da gudanarwa
Kafin ya shiga Jami'ar Jihar Osun a shekara ta 2009, ya yi aiki a Jami'ar Legas, 2000-2001, Jami'ar Adekunle Ajasin, 2001-2006, da Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo, 2006-2009. Ya kasance Mai Bincike na Baƙo a Kwalejin Fourah Bay, Jami'ar Saliyo a cikin 2011, kuma ya kasance Masanin ACLS a Jami'ar Ibadan a cikin 2012. An nada shi Babban Mai Bincike na Ziyarar a Jami'ar Birmingham a shekarar 2012; Ziyarar Cikakken Bincike a Jami'an Kudancin, Baton Rouge, Louisiana daga 2017-2020; kuma Farfesa na Ilimi ta Jami'ar Amurka da ke Yaounde a shekarar 2018. 

## Daraja da yabo
Ya kasance mai karɓar lambar yabo ta Lifetime Achievement Awards guda biyu,  ya kuma sami Wasikar yabo daga Majalisar Dattijai ta 8 ta Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Najeriya don lissafi da mutunci bayan ya fito a matsayin mafi kyawun Provost a Najeriya a shekarar 2017.  An nada shi Magajin garin Baton Rouge, Louisiana a shekarar 2017. Ya lashe lambar yabo ta zinare ta UNIOSUN don Kwarewar Bincike a 2023  da kuma Kyautar Farfesa Ali Mazrui don Kwarewa a cikin Bincike na Ilimi a 2019.  Ya kuma sami lambar yabo ta Platinum Benefactor da lambar yabo ta Jami'ar Kimiyya ta Kiwon Lafiya, Ondo City a cikin 2017 da 2019 bi da bi.

## Manazarta
Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Jihar Gombe

Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta **[[Gombe (jiha)|Jihar Gombe]]** hukuma ce ta gwamnati da ke kula da bangaren kiwon lafiya a Jihar Gomba, Najeriya. Ayyukanta sun haɗa da daidaita shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya na jama'a, kula da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya, da tsara manufofi waɗanda ke jagorantar isar da ayyukan kiwon lafiya. Ayyukan ma'aikatar sun haɗa da inganta damar samun kulawa ta asali ga mutanen da ke zaune a ciki ko ziyartar jihar.

## Jagora
Kwamishinan ne ke jagorantar ma'aikatar, wanda ke kula da ayyukanta na yau da kullun da ayyukan gaba ɗaya. Babban Sakatare ne ke kula da kulawar gudanarwa, wanda ke tabbatar da cewa ana aiwatar da manufofin gwamnati yadda ya kamata kuma aikin ma'aikatar ya dace da jagororin ma'aunin jama'a. Matsayin ya haɗa da kula da manyan shirye-shirye, tallafawa tsarin manufofi, da daidaita shirye-shiryen ma'aikatar na dogon lokaci da shirye-shiryin dabarun. Kwamishinan ma'aikatar lafiya na yanzu shine. Dokta Habu Dahiru 

## Tsarinsa

* Kudi & Asusun
* Shirye-shiryen, Bincike & Kididdiga
* Ayyukan Magunguna
* Ayyukan Kiwon Lafiya
* Ayyukan Kiwon Lafiya na Jama'a
* Ayyukan jinya

## Parastals
Hukumar Kula da Lafiya ta Firamare ta Jihar Gombe 

Hukumar Kula da Asibitin Jihar Gombe 

Kwalejin Jinya ta Jihar Gombe tana ba da shawarar kimiyya 

## Manazarta
Manufofin makamashi na Tarayyar Turai

**[[Manufar makamashi|Manufofin makamashi]] na Tarayyar Turai** suna mai da hankali kan tsaron makamashi, dorewa, da haɗa kasuwannin makamashi da kasashe membobin. Wani muhimmin bangare na shi shine manufofin yanayi. Babban manufofin makamashi da aka karɓa a cikin 2009 shine manufofi na 20/20/20, wanda ke ɗaure ga duk ƙasashen membobin EU. Manufar ta haɗa da ƙara rabon makamashi mai sabuntawa a cikin amfani da makamashi na ƙarshe zuwa 20%, rage iskar gas da 20% da haɓaka ingancin makamashi da 20%. Bayan an cimma wannan burin, an sanya sabbin manufofi don 2030 a raguwar kashi 55% na hayakin gas a shekarar 2030 a matsayin wani ɓangare na Yarjejeniyar Green ta Turai. Bayan mamayewar Rasha a Ukraine, manufofin makamashi na EU sun juya zuwa ga Tsaro na makamashi a cikin kunshin manufofin su na REPowerEU, wanda ke bunkasa turawa mai sabuntawa da kayan aikin man fetur ga madadin masu samar da man fetur.

## Tarihi

### Kwanaki na farko
Tarihin Kasuwancin makamashi a Turai ya fara ne da Ƙungiyar Karfe da Karfe ta Turai, wanda aka kirkira a 1951 bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II don rage tashin hankali tsakanin Faransa da Jamus ta hanyar sanya su cikin tattalin arziki. Lokaci na biyu mai mahimmanci shine kafawa a cikin 1957 Euratom, don haɗin gwiwa kan makamashin nukiliya. Bayan shekara guda, Yarjejeniyar Roma ta kafa motsi na kyauta na kayayyaki, wanda aka yi niyya don ƙirƙirar kasuwa ɗaya kuma don makamashi. Koyaya, shekaru talatin bayan haka, haɗin kasuwannin makamashi bai riga ya faru ba.

### Farawar kasuwar cikin gida
Yarjejeniyar Maastricht ta 1992, wacce ta kafa Tarayyar Turai, ba ta da wani babi na musamman game da makamashi. Kasashen membobin da ke son riƙe da ikon cin gashin kansu a kan makamashi sun ƙi irin wannan babi, musamman waɗanda ke da mafi girman tanadin makamashi. Majalisar Tarayyar Turai ta zartar da umarni don Kasuwar wutar lantarki ta ciki a shekarar 1996, kuma wani a kasuwar gas ta ciki shekaru biyu bayan haka. Umurnin don kasuwar wutar lantarki ya ƙunshi abin da ake buƙata cewa aikin cibiyar sadarwa da samar da makamashi bai kamata kamfani ɗaya (mai iko) ya yi ba. Samun samar da makamashi daban zai ba da damar gasa a wannan bangaren, yayin da aikin cibiyar sadarwa zai ci gaba da tsari.

### Makamashi mai sabuntawa da burin 20/20/20

A shekara ta 2001, an zartar da umarnin farko na Sabuntawa na Makamashi, a cikin mahallin Yarjejeniyar Kyoto ta 1997 game da Canjin yanayi. Ya haɗa da burin ninka rabon makamashi mai sabuntawa a cikin makamashi na EU daga 6% zuwa 12% nan da shekara ta 2010. Karin bangaren wutar lantarki ya fi girma, tare da burin 22%. Shekaru biyu bayan haka an ba da umarni wanda ya kara rabon biofuels a cikin sufuri.

## Manazarta
Harbin Saint-Just na 2020

A ranar 23 ga Disamba, 2020, an yi harbin jama'a a Saint-Just, Puy-de-Dôme, Faransa. An harbin 'yan sanda uku na National Jandarmerie, sannan na huɗu ya ji rauni.

## Lamarin
Ba da daɗewa ba bayan tsakar dare a ranar 23 ga Disamba, 2020, 'yan sanda biyu sun je wani gida don mayar da martani ga tashin hankalin cikin gida. Wanda ake zargin, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin Frédérik Limol mai shekaru 48, ya harba bindiga ba tare da wani gargadi ba, inda ya kashe wani jami'in 'yan sanda tare da raunata wani. Bayan Limol ya kona gidansa, sai ya harbe ya kashe wasu jami'an 'yan sanda biyu da ke amsawa. A cewar Magajin Garin Saint-Just, François Chautard, wutar ta lalata gidan Limol.[2][3] Limol ya jefa motarsa ​​cikin itace; an same shi a mace a cikin motar, bayan ya kashe kansa.[4]

## Wadanda abin ya shafa
An tura wadanda abin ya shafa zuwa National Jandarmerie, wacce ke da alhakin kananan garuruwa da yankunan karkara da na birni. An bayyana jami'an da aka kashe a matsayin Cyrille Morel, mai shekaru 45; Remi Dupuis, mai shekaru 37; da Arno Mavel, mai shekaru 21.[5][6][7]

## Mai laifin
An gano cewa mai harbin a matsayin Frédérik Limol mai shekaru 48, tsohon soja. Yana da makamai masu yawa a lokacin da lamarin ya faru, kuma ya kai hari ga jami'an da bindiga mai sarrafa kanta irin ta soja. Limol ya tsere daga wurin da aka kai harin ya kashe kansa yayin da yake murkushe motarsa ​​a kan bishiya.[8]

## Martani
Shugaban Faransa Emmanuel Macron ya wallafa a shafinsa na Twitter, "Suna shiga tsakani don ceto wata mata da aka yi wa rikicin cikin gida a Puy-de-Dôme, an kashe jami'an tsaro uku, na hudu ya jikkata. Kungiyar Kasa ta shiga cikin mawuyacin hali na iyalai. Don kare mu, sojojinmu suna aiki ne a cikin kasadar rayukansu. Su ne jarumanmu."[9] Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida na Faransa Gérald Darmanin ya ce, "Jiya da daddare, rundunar 'yan sandan kasa ta rasa uku daga cikinsu, uku daga cikin sojojinta karkashin jagorancin rundunar sojojin Faransa."

## Manazarta
Environmental issues in the European Union

**Batutuwan muhalli a cikin [[Tarayyar Turai]]** sun haɗa da batutuwan mujallar da Tarayyar Tarayyar Duniya ta gano da kuma jihohin da suka kafa ta. Tarayyar Turai tana da hukumomin tarayya da yawa waɗanda ke ƙirƙirar manufofi da aiki a duk faɗin jihohin da suka kafa.

## Tambayoyi

### Gurɓata iska
Wani rahoto daga Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Turai ya nuna cewa sufuri na hanya ya kasance mafi girma a Turai Mai gurɓata iska.

National Emission Ceilings (NEC) don wasu gurɓataccen yanayi ana sarrafa su ta hanyar NECD Directive 2001/81/EC (NECD). A matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin shirye-shiryen da ke da alaƙa da sake fasalin NECD, Hukumar Tarayyar Turai tana samun taimako daga ƙungiyar aiki ta NECPI (National Emission Ceilings - Policy Instruments).&nbsp;

Umurnin 2008/50 / EC na Majalisar Tarayyar Turai da na Majalisar na 21 ga Mayu 2008 game da ingancin iska da iska mai tsabta ga Turai (sabon umarnin Ingancin iska) ya fara aiki a ranar 11 ga Yuni 2008. 

Kowane ɗan ƙasa na iya tilasta wa majalisun yankinsu su magance gurɓataccen iska, biyo bayan muhimmiyar hukuma a watan Yulin 2009 daga Kotun Turai (ECJ). An nemi kotun EU ta yi hukunci game da shari'ar wani mazaunin Munich, Dieter Janecek, wanda ya ce a karkashin Dokar Ingancin Jirgin Sama ta Tarayyar Turai ta 1996 (Dokar Majalisar 96/62/EC ta 27 ga Satumba 1996 kan kimanta ingancin iska da gudanarwa ) hukumomin Munich sun tilasta daukar mataki don dakatar da gurɓata fiye da ƙayyadaddun manufofi. Janecek ya kai shari'arsa ga Kotun Koli, wanda alƙalai suka ce 'yan ƙasar Turai suna da' yancin neman shirye-shiryen matakin ingancin iska daga hukumomin gida a yanayin da akwai haɗarin cewa iyakokin EU za su wuce.

## Manazarta
Makarantar Koyan Harsuna ta Zabaan

Makarantar Zabaan don Harsuna makarantar harshe ce da ke Delhi da Mumbai tana ba da azuzuwan kan yarukan Indo-Aryan. Azuzuwan da aka bayar sun haɗa da Hindi,  Urdu,  Sanskrit, da Pashto. Hakanan akwai wasu ɗaukar hoto na Dari, Farisa, Larabci, da Braj Bhasha.
    
## Tarihi
Makarantar Zabaan don Harsuna makarantar harshe ce da ke Delhi da Mumbai tana ba da azuzuwan kan yarukan Indo-Aryan. Azuzuwan da aka bayar sun haɗa da Hindi, Urdu,  Sanskrit,  da Pashto.Hakanan akwai wasu ɗaukar hoto na Dari, Farisa, Larabci, da Braj Bhasha.
Sun ga akwai buƙatar cibiyar koyar da harshe mai inganci a New Delhi don kula da baƙi da ke zaune a can don aiki.Manufar kasuwanci ta farko ita ce ba da koyarwar yaren Hindi kaɗai wanda ya fara da ɗalibai 25. Bayan wani lokaci cibiyar ta fara ba da darussa a Urdu, Sanskrit, da Pashto.Makarantar tana ba da darussa kan karatu da rubuta Nastaliq, haruffan Urdu.Sha'awar Urdu ya dace da buƙatun haɓaka don fahimtar amfani da Urdu a Bollywood da kuma jin daɗin waƙar Urdu.

## Manazarta
Manly Art Gallery da Gidan Tarihi

**Gidan Tarihi da Gidan Tarihi na Manly Art Gallery (MAGAM)**, wanda ke Manly, New South Wales, Ostiraliya, shine gidan tarihi na farko na yankin birni a New South Wales kuma yana ɗauke da tarin kayan yumbu na Australiya da ayyuka 130 na Antonio Dattilo Rubbo. Tun daga 1982, MAGAM ta kasance gidan tarihi na al'adun rairayin bakin teku da tarihin Manly da Tekun Arewa. Tarin abubuwan da aka tattara na dindindin ya ƙunshi abubuwa sama da 6,000 a cikin kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban, gami da zane-zane, ayyuka akan takarda, yumbu da kayan tarihi, takardu da hotuna. 

## Tarihi
Gidan Tarihi da Gidan Tarihi na Manly Art Gallery shine gidan tarihi na yanki mafi tsufa da aka gina da manufar birni a NSW, wanda aka kafa a wurin da yake a yanzu a West Esplanade a 1930. An naɗa kwamiti na farko na Gidan Tarihi na Manly Art Gallery a 1924 kuma ya haɗa da Antonio Dattilo-Rubbo, Percy Nolan, Charles Bryant, Herbert Marriner, Hermon Slade, Henry Forsyth da Percy Gledhill kuma an fara ajiye tarin a cikin Zauren Gari. Ginin na yanzu a da wani rumfar kide-kide ne na waje wanda aka buɗe a 1922 kuma an sami damar sake amfani da shi ta hanyar rufe bakan proscenium. Babban Alkali na New South Wales Sir Phillip Street ne ya buɗe ginin da aka gyara shi. A lokacin buɗe ginin, tarin ya riga ya ƙunshi nunin abubuwa 200, ciki har da zane-zane 79 da hotuna 62 na tarihi. A watan Maris na 1939, Antonio Dattilo Rubbo ya gabatar da ayyuka 100 ga ƙaramin gidan tarihi, ciki har da zane-zanensa, ayyukan da aka yi a kan takarda, launukan ruwa da zane-zane. Wannan gudummawar ta haɗa da ayyukan W. Lister Lister, Harold Septimus Power, John Seymour Lucas da Grace Cossington Smith. An buɗe wani ƙarin wurin adana wannan tarin a shekarar 1940, kuma an san shi da Ɗakin Dattilo-Rubbo, kuma a lokacin mutuwarsa ya bar ƙarin zane-zanensa da £500 ga gidan adana kayan tarihi. PS Garling ya ba da gudummawar zane-zane 55 a shekarar 1947, ciki har da ayyukan George Washington Lambert da William Piguenit. A shekarar 1966, a lokacin shugabancin Keith Jones, an faɗaɗa gidan adana kayan tarihi tare da ƙarin gidan adana kayan tarihi, ɗakin ajiya, sabon rufi, sabon shiga ta hanyar Rubbo annexe da ingantaccen haske. An sayi ayyuka da yawa don gidan adana kayan tarihi ta hanyar Kyautar Manly Art (1962-1984). A shekarar 1968 Clarice Thomas ta gudanar da baje kolin yumbu na farko kuma babban gado daga Lady Askin a shekarar 1984 ya sa ci gaba da nuna waɗannan ayyukan. A shekarar 1981, an naɗa Clarice Thomas a matsayin Darakta na cikakken lokaci na gidan kayan tarihi bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin Darakta Mai Girmamawa na tsawon shekaru goma sha huɗu, kuma an karɓi tallafi daga Ma'aikatar Fasaha ta NSW, wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga kuɗin gina gidan kayan tarihi don shiga gidan kayan tarihi. Waɗannan ƙarin abubuwa da gyare-gyare sun samar da sabon shiga da liyafa, kuma ɗakin Dattillo Rubbo ya ninka girmansa. Bayan sake buɗewa a shekarar 1982, sunan ya zama Gidan Tarihi na Manly Art & Museum.[1]

## Manazarta
Babban Filayen Shelterbelt

**The Great Plains Shelterbelt** wani aiki ne don ƙirƙirar iska a cikin jihohin Great Plains na Amurka, wanda ya fara a shekara ta 1934.  Shugaba Franklin D. Roosevelt ya fara aikin ne don mayar da martani ga guguwar ƙura mai tsanani na Dust Bowl, wanda ya haifar da mummunar lalacewar ƙasa. Hukumar kula da gandun daji ta Amurka ta yi imanin cewa dasa bishiyoyi a kan iyakokin gonaki zai rage saurin iska kuma ya rage kumburi daga ƙasa. A shekara ta 194, an dasa bishiyoyi miliyan 220, suna rufe murabba'in kilomita 18,600 (48,000 )  a cikin yanki mai faɗin kilomita 100 daga Kanada zuwa Kogin Brazos a Texas. Ko da ya zuwa 2007, "amsawar tarayya ga Dust Bowl, gami da Prairie States Forestry Project wanda ya dasa Great Plains Shelterbelt da kuma kirkirar Sabis na Rashin Rashin Ruwa, yana wakiltar mafi girma kuma mafi mayar da hankali ga kokarin [Amurka] gwamnatin don magance matsalar muhalli".

## Tarihi

"Number One Shelterbelt" yana cikin Greer County, a kudu maso yammacin Oklahoma. Mai kula da gandun daji na farko na Jihar Oklahoma, George R. Phillips, yana da bambancin dasa itace na farko a cikin shirin tarayya na farko a 1935. "Itace na farko ita ce itacen Austrian pine da aka dasa a gonar HE Curtis kusa da Willow, Oklahoma, a ranar 18 ga Maris.

Aikin ya bukaci a dasa bishiyoyi masu yawa a fadin Great Plains, wanda ya shimfiɗa a cikin yanki mai faɗin kilomita 100 daga Kanada zuwa arewacin Texas, don kare ƙasar daga lalacewar iska. An dasa bishiyoyi na asali, kamar ja cedar da kore ash, tare da layukan shinge da ke raba dukiya, kuma an biya manoma don dasa su da noma su. An kiyasta aikin ya kai dala miliyan 75 a cikin shekaru 12. Lokacin da rikice-rikice suka taso game da tushen kudade (an dauki aikin a matsayin dabarun dogon lokaci sabili da haka bai cancanci samun kudaden agaji na gaggawa ba), FDR ta canja shirin zuwa ga Gudanar da Ayyuka (WPA).

## Kokarin maidowa a karni na 21
Ya zuwa 2010, "Yawancin shelterbelts a Kansas da kuma ko'ina cikin tsakiyar Great Plains sun tsufa kuma ba sa samar da fa'idodin da suka yi amfani da su", a cewar Kansas State Forester Larry Biles.

## Manazarta
William Mchombo

**William Joseph Mchombo** (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1962) shi ne bishop na Anglican na Malawi wanda aka haife shi da Zambia. Ya kasance bishop na Gabashin Zambia a cikin Cocin Lardin Afirka ta Tsakiya daga 2003 har zuwa 2024, lokacin da aka naɗa shi a matsayin bishop na Upper Shire a Malawi .

## Rayuwa ta farko, ilimi da hidima ta farko
An haifi Mchombo ga iyayen Malawi a Gundumar Mufulira, Zambia, a 1962, kuma ta girma a Zambia. Ya sami digiri na farko a fannin tauhidi daga Jami'ar Western Cape kuma an naɗa shi diaconate a 1992 da kuma firist a 1993. 

## Episcopacy
An zabi Mchombo a matsayin bishop na biyu na Gabashin Zambia a shekara ta 2003 kuma Archbishop Bernard Malango ya tsarkake shi ga bishop a St. Luke's Cathedral a Msoro a ranar 8 ga Yuni 2003.  A matsayinsa na bishop, ya zama sananne a matsayin "bishop mai kore na Zambia" saboda shawararsa game da dasa bishiyoyi da kungiyoyin muhalli a makarantu.

Bayan shekaru 21 a cikin Diocese na Gabashin Zambia - kuma bayan korar Brighton Vita Malasa a matsayin bishop na Upper Shire da kuma gazawar diocese na Malawi don amincewa da sabon bishop - majalisa ta bishop na lardin ta zaba Mchombo a matsayin bishops na uku na Upper Chire .  An ɗora shi a Sts. Cocin Bitrus da Bulus a Mangochi a ranar 18 ga Mayu 2024.  Shugaban Malawi Lazarus Chakwera, Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Saulos Chilima da Kakakin Majalisar Dokoki Catherine Gotani Hara sun kasance daga cikin manyan mutane da ke wurin.

A matsayinsa na bishop na Upper Shire, Mchombo ya ci gaba da inganta dasa bishiyoyi da ayyukan muhalli. A cikin 2025, Mchombo ya ƙaddamar da ma'aikatar ajiya a cikin majami'u 19, wanda kungiyar agaji ta Burtaniya Five Talents ta tallafawa, wanda aka nufa don samar da horo na ilimin kudi da ƙarfafa mahalarta su kafa kungiyoyin ajiya.

Bayan da Lardin Afirka ta Tsakiya ya ba da izinin kowane diocese don naɗa mata a matsayin firistoci a 2024, Diocese na Upper Shire ya sake tabbatar da manufofinsa na na naɗa maza kawai zuwa firistoci. Koyaya, Mchombo ya kuma ce diocese za ta faɗaɗa horar da mata don riƙe matsayi na jagoranci a cikin coci.

## Manazarta
Jennifer Adighije

**Jennifer Adighije** (an haife ta a ranar 15 ga Afrilu 1983) injiniya ce Na Najeriya wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin manajan darakta kuma babban jami'in zartarwa na kamfanin Niger Delta Power Holding Company tun watan Agusta 2024. Shugaba Bola Tinubu ne ya nada ta, ita ce mace ta farko da aka nada a ofishin.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Adighije 'yar Sanata Chris Adighije ce, wacce ta taba wakiltar Gundumar Sanata ta Tsakiya ta Abia a cikin Red Chamber na Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa.  Ta sami BSc a cikin injiniyan lantarki da lantarki daga Jami'ar Legas, da kuma MSc a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar mara waya da sadarwa daga Jami'an Sarauniya Mary ta London da MPhil daga Jami'in Katolika na Murcia, Spain, a cikin 2025.

## Ayyuka
Adighije ta fara aikinta a matsayin injiniyan gyaran wutar lantarki a Kamfanin Kula da Wutar Lantarki na Najeriya . Daga baya ta yi aiki a Globacom a matsayin ƙwararriyar Network Switching Subsystem (NSS) sannan daga baya ta koma Helios Towers Nigeria a matsayin Shugabar Ayyuka da Tsare-tsare. Ta koma harkokin kuɗi, tana aiki a matsayin Injiniyan Ƙima da Mai Kula da Kuɗi a Babban Bankin Najeriya . A shekarar 2023, an naɗa ta a matsayin babbar mataimakiya ta musamman ga shugaban ƙasa kan ci gaban kasuwanci a fannin sadarwa, kirkire-kirkire, da tattalin arzikin dijital.

A watan Agustan 2024, Shugaba Bola Tinubu ya nada Adighije a matsayin mata ta farko da kuma Shugaba na kamfanin Niger Delta Power Holding Company, saboda haka magajin Chiedu Ugbo.

## Kyaututtuka da karbuwa
Adighije memba ne na kungiyar injiniyoyin Najeriya . Ta sami lambar yabo ta Young Achievers ta This Day da kuma lambar yabo ta Energy Times a shekarar 2025. 

## Manazarta
Gidajen Tin

An kira **Tin Sheds** a matsayin sunan da aka saba amfani da shi a **Cibiyar Fasaha ta Jami'ar Sydney,** wani taron fasaha na Australiya da ke Sydney, New South Wales, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1969. Sunansa yana nan a cikin **Gidan Tarihi na Tin Sheds** da ke Makarantar Gine-gine, Zane da Tsare-tsare ta Jami'ar Sydney. Ƙungiyoyi kamar **Optronic Kinetics** da Earthworks Poster Collective suna gudanar da su ne daga Tin Sheds.

## Tarihi
An kafa Tin Sheds a shekarar 1969 [1] ta hannun masu fasaha Donald Brook, Marr Grounds da matarsa Joan Grounds [2] a matsayin wurin da ke da ikon cin gashin kansa kuma ba na yau da kullun ba a harabar Jami'ar Sydney.[3] An ba da sunan ne saboda taron bitar ya mamaye wasu tsoffin rukunonin CSR a harabar jami'ar.[2] An sanya shi a hukumance a matsayin wurin da ɗalibai za su yi karatu da kuma yin amfani da hanyoyin tsofaffin masters, masu fasaha da sauran malamai sun ƙarfafa ɗaliban fasaha, gine-gine, da ɗaliban injiniya (da kowa) su yi mafarki da ƙirƙirar kowane irin fasaha;[3] wurin "ɗakin renon yara ne don fasahar tunani ."[4] Sun yi ƙoƙarin fahimtar da kuma fayyace ra'ayin fasaha, kuma sun kasance a buɗe awanni 24 a rana. Akwai wani abu mai ban tsoro wanda ya tsoratar da wasu ɗaliban.[5]

Mashahurin mai sassaka Bert Flugelman shine mai kula da Tin Sheds tun daga farko har zuwa 1973. Ya zama abokin Brook na tsawon rai. 

Bernard Smith yana da hannu a cikin taron bitar, kuma yana son canza sunan zuwa Taron Jami'ar Fasaha ta Fine Arts. 

Wasu sun gwada zane-zanen kwamfuta da sauran siffofi, wanda ya haifar da fitowar Optronic Kinetics  a shekarar 1970.

## Kayan aikin Optronic
Wasu ɗaliban likitanci da injiniyanci sun fara amfani da ƙwarewarsu ta zane-zanen kwamfuta,  da kuma gwada kayan lantarki da motsi; Brook ya ƙarfafa su su matsa iyaka, kuma Flugelman ya gabatar da su ga sassaka. Wannan gwajin ya haifar da ƙungiyar sassaka da aka sani da Optronic Kinetics  a shekarar 1970,  waɗanda suka yi amfani da kimiyya da fasaha don gwada fasaha.

## Manazarta
Gidan zane-zane na S. H. Ervin

**Gidan Tarihi na SH Ervin** babban cibiyar fasaha ce ta jama'a da ke cikin Cibiyar Amincewa ta Ƙasa mai tarihi a Observatory Park, Sydney. *"Shirin baje kolin hotunan an tsara shi ne don bincika wadatar da bambancin fasahar Australiya, ta tarihi da ta zamani, da kuma gabatar da ita a cikin sabbin yanayi."* Gidan Tarihi yana kuma ƙarfafa bincike da haɓaka aikin kimanta ayyukan masu fasaha na Australiya. An sanya masa suna bayan Samuel Henry Ervin.

## Tarihi
An gina ginin gallery ɗin, wanda Henry Robertson ya tsara, a shekarar 1856. Ya samar da azuzuwan Makarantar Fort Street.[1] A shekarar 1916, makarantar ta zama Makarantar 'Yan Mata ta Fort Street. Tarihin ilimin jama'a a Ostiraliya ya fara ne lokacin da Gwamnan New South Wales Charles FitzRoy ya kafa Hukumar Ilimi ta Ƙasa a ranar 8 ga Janairu, 1848 don aiwatar da tsarin ilimi na ƙasa a duk faɗin yankin. Hukumar ta yanke shawarar ƙirƙirar makarantu biyu na ƙira, ɗaya ga maza da ɗaya ga 'yan mata. An zaɓi wurin Makarantar Model ta Fort Street a matsayin tsohon Asibitin Soja a Fort Phillip, a kan Tudun Observatory na Sydney.[2] Wurin yanzu shine gidan SH Ervin Gallery. Makarantar sakandare ta Fort Street mai haɗin gwiwa tana nan a Petersham, New South Wales.

A farkon shekarun 1970, SH Ervin, mai taimakon jama'a kuma mai tattara kaya, ya bayar da gadon kafa gidan adana kayan fasaha na jama'a don nuna fasahar Australiya. Hukumar National Trust ta Australia ta sami hayar ginin Makarantar 'Yan Mata ta Fort Street na wancan lokacin daga Sashen Ayyukan Jama'a na New South Wales . An gyara gine-ginen kuma an buɗe gidan hotunan a watan Mayun 1978, tare da baje kolin Conrad Martens.

## Manazarta
Itacen Birni

CityTrees, wanda aka fi sani da **itatuwan robot**, itatuwan robot-trees, da **ganuwar moss**, manyan matattarar iska ne da aka shigar a biranen Turai da yawa, da kuma Hong Kong, waɗanda ke cire gurɓataccen abu daga yanayi.

CityTrees manyan gine-gine ne da aka rufe da moss. Masu tacewa suna da niyyar hana hayaki mai cutarwa daga tarwatsa zirga-zirga da ke kusa, gami da ƙurar ƙura mai kyau da nitrogen oxides, wanda ake da'awar suna ɗaukar kashi 80%, kodayake wasu masana sun yi jayayya da wannan.

## Tarihi da ci gaba

Masu haɓaka CityTrees, kamfanin Green City Solutions na Jamus, a baya sun kirkiro gonar masara ta farko a tsaye a Bestensee, Berlin.

An gina CityTree na farko a Jena, Jamus a ƙarshen 2014.  Tun daga Landan lokacin an shigar da CityTrees a Amsterdam, Berlin, Bern, Brussels, Budapest, Cork, Glasgow, London, Oslo, Paris, da Skopje. A waje da Turai, waɗannan tsarin suna nan a Hong Kong.

Daraktan ayyukan Cork City, Majalisar David Joyce, ta ce CityTrees "ba su can don maye gurbin itace ba", saboda suna yin aiki daban. Inda itace "ya ɗauki carbon dioxide kuma ya saki iskar oxygen", CityTrees "ya ɗauki ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin - ƙura - daga Injinan dizal, daga ƙone burbushin burbushin, kuma ya kama wannan ƙura kuma ya ci ƙura don haka ya ɗauki 80% na wannan ƙura daga iska." Majalisar Birnin Cork tana shirin dasa bishiyoyi miliyan 1 daga 2021 zuwa 2028, amma an jinkirta wannan bayan rashin kuɗi

## Tsarin
Tsarin yana ƙasa da mita 4 tsawo, mita 3 faɗin, da zurfin mita 2.19 . CityTrees an rufe su da rayayyun Hypnum mosses waɗanda ke kamawa da cinye gurɓataccen abu a kusa da su. Kowane CityTree yana da benci da aka haɗe. Don ci gaba da kama gurbataccen abu, CityTrees suna amfani da fasahar Intanet na Abubuwa.

Sun haɗa da Allon talabijin na inci 40 wanda ke nuna bayanai game da ingancin iska a yankin. Tsarin suna da tsayayya, tare da bangarorin hasken rana da tsarin tattara ruwan sama wanda ke buƙatar 'yan sa'o'i kaɗan na kulawa a kowace shekara.

### CityTree 2020
Sabon samfurin, wanda ake kira "CityTree 2", an yi shi ne da itace kuma yana da siffar hexagonal, wanda Green City Solutions ya kira "zane mai ban sha'awa". Sun bayyana cewa sigar 2020 tana da raguwar sawun CO2. Green City Solutions ya yi iƙirarin a watan Fabrairun 2021 cewa sabon CityTree na iya "ƙuntata 1/5 na coronaviruses".

## Karɓar baƙi

### Ireland
Lokacin da aka shigar da su a Cork, masanin kimiyya na UCC Dr. Dean Venables ya gaya wa Irish Examiner cewa sun kasance "mai tsada da rashin tasiri" kuma sun yi hasashen cewa ba za su yi tasiri sosai ga ingancin iska na Cork ba. Ya bayyana cewa zai fi kyau a tsara samar da hayaki, maimakon ƙoƙarin hana hayaki bayan gaskiyar.h

## Manazarta
Rowena Turinawe

**Rowena Turinawe** ƙwararren ƙwararren ɗan fasahar bayanai ne kuma mai gudanar da kamfanoni, wanda ke aiki a matsayin shugaban Innovation da Digital Services, a Centenary Technology Services Limited (Cente Tech), kamfanin reshe na fasaha na Centenary Group. Kafin wannan, ta yi aiki a matsayin manajan sauya Kasuwanci a Hukumar Fasahar Bayanai ta Kasa ta Uganda (NITA-Uganda), ƙungiyar gwamnati.

## Tarihi da ilimi
Turinawe 'yar Uganda ce ta haihuwa. Bayan ta halarci makarantun firamare da sakandare na gida, an shigar da ita Jami'ar Makerere, babbar jami'ar jama'a ta Uganda. Ta kammala karatu daga can tare da digiri na farko na Bachelor of Information Technology . Daga baya, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Master of Information Systems and Change Management, daga Jami'ar Manchester, a Ingila. Bugu da kari, ta halarci kuma ta kammala karatu daga darussan kwararru da yawa, gami da Babban Horar da Ci gaban Jagora a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Strathmore, Mai Gudanar da Canji (PROSCI), Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA), COBIT 5, Laburaren Fasahar Fasaha ta Bayanai (ITIL®), Kwararren Gudanar da Ayyuka (PMP®), da ITIL.

## Ayyuka
Ayyukan Turinawe sun fara ne a shekarar 2012, a matsayin Injiniyan Cibiyar Ayyuka ta Cibiyar Roke Telkom . Bayan ta kasance a cikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu guda biyu, MTN Uganda ta hayar da ita inda ta yi aiki a matsayin manajan sabis na ofishin gaba don ayyukan MTN Group IT. A wannan matsayin ta jagoranci ƙungiyar tallafin fasaha a Uganda, Rwanda, Swaziland, Zambia, da Sudan ta Kudu. A cikin waɗannan ƙasashe biyar, tare da ma'aikata 48,000, ƙungiyar da ta jagoranta ta amsa ga cikawar buƙatun sabis kuma ta warware rahotanni na abin da ya faru a cikin lokaci.

## Sauran la'akari
A watan Nuwamba na 2021, Turinawe, wanda NITA Uganda ta yi aiki a lokacin, an san shi da kasancewa cikin "Mata 35 Mafi Muhimmanci a Fasaha a Afirka", ta CIO Africa, mujallar masana'antu mai iko.

A cikin wannan shekarar, Joyce Ssebugwawo, Ministan Bayanai da Fasahar Sadarwa na Jiha Uganda, ya ba da sunan Turinawe don zama memba na sabuwar kungiyar Kasuwancin Kasuwanci ta Kasa (BPO) da Innovation Council. An ba da aikin jikin don yin aiki tare da gwamnati don ƙirƙirar ayyukan yi ga matasa a cikin ICT da rage rashin aikin yi.hl

## Manazarta