Jami'ar Rhodes

**Jami'ar Rhodes** jami'ar bincike ce ta jama'a da ke Makhanda (Grahamstown) a lardin Gabashin Cape na Afirka ta Kudu.  Yana daya daga cikin jami'o'i hudu a lardin.

An kafa shi a 1904, Jami'ar Rhodes ita ce jami'ar da ta fi tsufa a lardin, kuma ita ce Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu ta shida mafi tsufa a ci gaba da aiki, Jami'ar Free State (1904),  Jami'ar Witwatersrand (1896), Jami'ar Afirka ta Tsakiya (1873) a matsayin Jami'ar Cape of Good Hope,  Jami'ar Stellenbosch (1866)  da Jami'ar Kapa (1829) [3] da Jami'ar Cape Town (1829)  sun riga ta wuce. An kafa Rhodes a cikin 1904 a matsayin **Kwalejin Jami'ar Rhodes**, mai suna Cecil Rhodes, ta hanyar tallafi daga Rhodes Trust. Ya zama kwalejin da ke cikin Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu a 1918 kafin ya zama jami'a mai zaman kanta a 1951.

Jami'ar tana da rajistar dalibai sama da 8,000 a cikin shekara ta ilimi ta 2015, daga cikinsu sama da 3,600 suna zaune a gidaje 51 a harabar, tare da sauran (wanda aka sani da Oppidans) suna zama a cikin tonowa (gidan zama na waje) ko a cikin gidajensu a garin.

## Tarihi

Kodayake an gabatar da shawarar kafa jami'a a Grahamstown tun daga farkon 1902, matsalolin kudi da Yakin Yankin ya haifar a Albany sun hana aiwatar da shawarar. A cikin 1904 Leander Starr Jameson ya ba da £ 50,000 da aka fi so ga jami'ar daga Rhodes Trust. Tare da wannan kudade an kafa Kwalejin Jami'ar Rhodes ta hanyar dokar majalisa a ranar 31 ga Mayu 1904. 

Ilimi na jami'a a Gabashin Cape ya fara ne a cikin sassan kwaleji na makarantu huɗu: Kwalejin St. Andrew; Kwalejin Gill, Somerset East; Kwaleji ta Graaff-Reinet; da Cibiyar Grey a Port Elizabeth. Farfesa huɗu na Kwalejin St Andrew, Arthur Matthews, George Cory, Stanley Kidd da G. F. Dingemans sun zama farfesa masu kafa Kwalejin Jami'ar Rhodes.

A farkon shekara ta 1905, Rhodes ya ƙaura daga ƙauyuka a St Andrew's zuwa ginin Drostdy, wanda ya saya daga Gwamnatin Burtaniya. Rhodes ya zama kwalejin da ke cikin sabuwar Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu a 1918 kuma ya ci gaba da fadada girmansa. Lokacin da makomar Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu ta kasance a karkashin bita a 1947, Rhodes ya zaɓi ya zama jami'a mai zaman kanta.

An kaddamar da Jami'ar Rhodes a ranar 10 ga Maris 1951. Sir Basil Schonland, ɗan Selmar Schonland ya zama shugaban farko na alma mater, kuma Dokta Thomas Alty mataimakin shugaban farko. Dangane da Dokar Masu Zaman Kansu ta Jami'ar Rhodes, Kwalejin Jami'ar Fort Hare tana da alaƙa da Jami'ar Rodes. Wannan tsari mai fa'ida ya ci gaba har sai gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta yanke shawarar cire Fort Hare daga Rhodes. Majalisar Dattijai da Majalisar Rhodes sun ki amincewa da wannan, da kuma Dokar Ilimi ta Jami'a daban, wanda suka yi Allah wadai da shi a matsayin tsangwama da 'yancin ilimi. Koyaya, an zartar da takardun kudi guda biyu, kuma haɗin Fort Hare da Rhodes ya ƙare a shekarar 1959. Duk da haka, a cikin 1962 an ba da digirin digirin girmamawa ga shugaban jihar, C. R. Swart, wanda (a matsayin Ministan Shari'a bayan 1948) ke da alhakin zaluntar kungiyoyin siyasa na adawa. Kyautar ta haifar da murabus din shugaban kasar, Sir Basil Schonland, kodayake ba a bayyana dalilansa ba a lokacin.

James Hyslop ya gaji Alty a 1963. A shekara ta 1971, Rhodes ya tattauna don sayen kwalejin horar da malamai da aka rufe wanda 'yan'uwa mata na Community of the Resurrection of our Lord suka gudanar ciki har da gine-gine da filaye da gine-ginen da ke kusa da su, don sauƙaƙe ci gaba da fadadawa.

### Jikin ɗalibai
Rhodes ta shigar da dalibai 1592 a shekarar 2012.

Tebur da ke ƙasa suna nuna launin fata da jinsi na jami'ar a wannan shekarar.

### Sarautar SARChi
Rhodes tana da sha huɗu daga cikin kujerun bincike na kasa da aka nada a karkashin Cibiyar Nazarin Afirka ta Kudu. Wannan ya kai kusan kashi 7% na jimlar da aka bayar a Afirka ta Kudu, wani muhimmin rabo idan aka ba da ƙaramin girman jami'ar.

* Nazarin Kyakkyawan A cikin Jima'i da Rubuta: Dan Adam da Social Dynamics (Catriona Macleod) 
* Tsarin halittu na ruwa (Christopher McQuaid) 
* Rediyon Astronomy da Fasahar (Oleg Smirnov) 
* Kimiyyar Magunguna da Nanotechnology (Tebello Nyokong) 
* Ilimin lissafi (Marc Schafer) 
* Adadin (Mellony Graven) 
* Ilimin Harsunan Afirka, Harsuna da Ilimi (Dion Nkomo) 
* Insects in Sustainable Agricultural Ecosystems (Steve Compton) 
* Kimiyyar Kimiyya a cikin Ƙasa da Amfani da Al'adu don Rayuwa mai dorewa (Charlie Shackleton) 
* Binciken Kayayyakin Ruwa (Rosemary Dorrington) 
* Biotechnology Innovation & Engagement (Janice Limson) 
* Ci gaban Tsarin Ilimi na Duniya: Ilimi mai sauyawa da Ilimi mai laushi (Heila Lotz-Sisitka) 
* Geopolitics da Arts na Afirka (Ruth Simbao) 
* Kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin halitta na Eukaryotic Stress Response (Adrienne Edkins) 

## Kungiyoyin bincike

* Cibiyar Kula da Halitta

## Rayuwar dalibi

### Gidajen zama

* Allan Webb Hall
* Gidan Courtenay-Latimer
* Desmond Tutu
* Hugh Masekela Hall
* Gidan shakatawa
* Gidan Masu Kafawa
* Hobson Hall
* Solomon Mahlangu Hall
* Miriam Makeba Hall (tsohon Kimberley Hall East) 
* Kimberley Hall West
* Gidan Lilian Ngoyi
* Nelson Mandela Hall
* St Mary Hall

## Shahararrun tsofaffi da ma'aikata
A cikin ilimi, Tsohon Rhodian Max Theiler ya sami kyautar Nobel a fannin ilimin lissafi ko magani don bincikensa a fannin ilmin kwayar cuta a shekarar 1951. 

### Shahararrun tsofaffi: janar

* Matthew Muir - Mai zane
* Beth Diane Armstrong - Mai zane-zane
* Diane Awerbuck - Mawallafi
* Norman Bailey - mawaƙin opera
* Nick Binedell - Darakta mai kafa Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Kasuwanci ta Gordon ta Jami'ar Pretoria
* Troy Blacklaws - Mawallafi
* Alex Boraine - Dan siyasa; masanin kimiyya; wanda ya kafa IDASA (Institute for Democracy in South Africa) da Cibiyar Shari'a ta Duniya
* Sir Rupert Bromley, 10th Bt. - Babban jami'in kasuwanci
* Guy Butler - Mawallafi
* Efemia Chela - marubuci
* Tafadzwa Chitokwindo - Dan wasan rugby na Zimbabwe
* Nan Cross - Masu adawa da neman izini da mai fafutukar wariyar launin fata
* Achmat Dangor - Marubuci
* Embeth Davidtz - 'yar wasan kwaikwayo
* Rob Davies - Ministan kasuwanci da masana'antu na Afirka ta Kudu
* Mick Davis - Kasuwanci, shugaban zartarwa na Xstrata
* Geoffrey de Jager - Mai ba da agaji da masanin masana'antu; wanda ya kafa Bankin Rand MerchantBankin Kasuwanci na Rand
* K. Sello Duiker - Mawallafi kuma marubucin allo
* Sir Michael Edwardes - Babban Jami'in Kasuwanci
* Robin Esrock - Mawallafin Tafiya
* Allan Gray - Mai saka hannun jari da mai ba da agaji
* Mluleki George - Memba na ANC kuma tsohon fursuna a tsibirin Robben
* Igle Gledhill - Masanin kimiyyar lissafi
* Chris Hani - Tsohon shugaban Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma shugaban ma'aikatan Umkhonto mu Sizwe
* Errol Harris - Masanin falsafa
* Trevor Hastie - Masanin lissafi
* Peter Hinchliff - Firist na Anglican kuma masanin kimiyya
* Humphry Knipe - Mawallafin fim / darektan fim na manya
* Herbert Kretzmer - Jaridar Fleet Street kuma marubucin waƙoƙi na Les Misérableswaƙoƙin Les Misérables
* Alice Krige - 'yar wasan kwaikwayo
* Margaret Legum - Masanin tattalin arziki kuma mai fafutukar adawa da wariyar launin fata
* Frances Margaret Leighton - Masanin Botanni
* Kai Lossgott - Mai zane-zane
* Mbuyiseli Madlanga - Alkalin Kotun Tsarin Mulki na Afirka ta Kudu
* Mandla Mandela - Shugaban Majalisar Al'ada ta Mvezo kuma jikan Nelson Mandela
* Mai Shari'a Lex Mpati - Alkalin Shugaban Kotun Koli ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma shugaban Jami'ar Rhodes na yanzu
* Patrick Mynhardt - Dan wasan kwaikwayo
* Marguerite Poland - Mawallafi
* Ian Roberts - Dan wasan kwaikwayo
* Michael Roberts - Masanin tarihi
* Kathleen Satchwell - Alkalin
* Sir Basil Schonland - Masanin kimiyya
* Barry Smith - Mai kiɗa
* Ian Smith - Tsohon Firayim Minista na Rhodesia (yanzu Zimbabwe) 
* Wilbur Smith - Mawallafi
* William Smith - Kimiyya ta Talabijin da lissafi
* Kaneez Surka - Mai zane-zane, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo
* Robert V. Taylor - Tsohon Dean na St. Mark's Episcopal Cathedral, SeattleCocin Episcopal na St. Mark, Seattle
* Phumzile van Damme - MP kuma Ministan Sadarwa na Inuwa
* Max Theiler - Masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ya lashe Kyautar Nobel (1951) 
* Micheen Thornycroft - mai tuka jirgin ruwa na Olympics na Zimbabwe
* Kit Vaughan - Farfesa mai daraja na injiniyan kimiyyar halittu a UCT
* David Webster - Masanin ilimin ɗan adam na zamantakewa kuma mai fafutukar adawa da wariyar launin fata
* Mark Winkler - Mawallafi
* Timothy Woods - Tsohon shugaban Makarantar Gresham, Ingila
* Dana Wynter - 'yar wasan kwaikwayo
* Simphiwe Tshabalala  - Shugaba na Babban Bankin

### Shahararrun tsofaffi: 'yan jarida, sanannun kafofin watsa labarai a Afirka ta Kudu
Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun sassan a harabar Rhodes shine makarantar jami'ar Jarida da Nazarin Watsa Labarai, ta hanyar da yawancin shahararrun kafofin watsa labarai na Afirka ta Kudu suka wuce. Har ila yau, akwai adadi mai yawa na shahararrun rediyo waɗanda suka kammala karatu a Rhodes - da yawa daga cikinsu sun kwashe lokaci tare da gidan rediyo na jami'ar Rhodes Music Radio.

* Matthew Buckland - Mai watsa labarai da ɗan kasuwa
* Steve Linde (an haife shi a shekara ta 1960) - ɗan jarida
* Anand Naidoo - Anchor kuma wakilin Al Jazeera Turanci da ke zaune a Washington DC; a baya tare da CNN
* Jeremy Mansfield - Mai watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo, mai gabatar da talabijin, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo
* Karyn Maughan - Jaridar Shari'a 
* Eusebius McKaiser - Mai fafutukar zamantakewa, marubuci, mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen rediyo 
* Haru Mutasa - Wakilin Al Jazeera International
* Zaa Nkweta - Tsohon mai gabatar da White Card
* Verashni Pillay - Babban editan Mail &amp;amp; Guardian
* Toby Shapshak - Jarida kuma shugaban tunani na fasahar Afirka
* Barry Streek - Jaridar siyasa kuma mai fafutukar adawa da wariyar launin fata
* Rob Vember - 5FM DJ 

### Shahararrun ma'aikata

* Farfesa Thomas Alty FRSE - masanin kimiyyar lissafi; Shugaba da Mataimakin Shugaban jami'ar
* Margaret Ballinger - Mai fafutukar siyasa; an koyar da shi a sashen tarihi
* André Brink - Marubuci
* Andrew Buckland - Mai wasan kwaikwayo da marubucin wasan kwaikwayo
* Julian Cobbing - Farfesa na tarihin Afirka; ya rubuta ka'idar mai tasiri da rikici game da yanayin Mfecane
* Ward Jones - Farfesa na falsafar
* Don Maclennan - Farfesa na Turanci kuma sanannen mawaki
* Catriona Ida Macleod, shugaban sashen ilimin halayyar dan adam
* Obie Oberholzer - Mai daukar hoto
* D. C. S. Oosthuizen - Masanin falsafa, Kirista, mai sukar wariyar launin fata
* Selmar Schonland - Masanin Botanni
* J.L.B. Smith - Ichthyologist; na farko don gano kifi mai laushi a matsayin coelacanth, kifi da aka yi tunanin ya ƙare a baya
* H.W. van der Merwe - Wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Intergroup, Jami'ar Cape Town
* Etienne van Heerden - Marubuci
* Arthur Matthews (masanin lissafi) , farfesa mai kafa a jami'ar
* Graham Glover - Mawallafi, Mataimakin Farfesa, editan Jaridar Shari'a ta Afirka ta Kudu

## Rikici na suna
Sunan jami'ar ya yi nuni da Cecil Rhodes, wani dan kasuwa na Burtaniya wanda ya taimaka sosai ga bukatun mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya a Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ya haifar da gardama tun daga shekarar 2015. zanga-zangar da Rhodes Must Fall ya gudanar a wannan shekarar ta haifar da Jami'ar Cape Town ta cire wani mutum-mutumi na Rhodes, kuma irin wannan zanga-zambe game da gadon Rhodes ya faru a Jami'ar Rhodes. Wasu dalibai da tashoshin sun fara ambaton shi a matsayin "Jami'ar da aka sani a halin yanzu da Rhodes".   A cikin 2015 majalisar jami'a ta yi alkawarin tantance ko ya kamata ma'aikatar ta canza sunanta ko a'a, tare da la'akari da wasu hanyoyin da za ta iya magance batutuwan.

A cikin 2017, Majalisar Jami'ar Rhodes ta kada kuri'a 15-9 don amincewa da ci gaba da sunan da ke akwai. Duk da yake jami'ar ta amince da masu sukar cewa " ba za a iya jayayya da cewa Cecil John Rhodes babban masarauta ne kuma fararen mai tsattsauran ra'ayi wanda ke bi da mutanen wannan yankin a matsayin 'yan Adam ba", ya kuma ce tun da daɗewa ya nisanta kansa daga mutumin kuma ya bambanta kansa da sunan Jami'ar Rhodes a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyawun duniya.[it] Babban gardamar da aka yi game da canjin ita ce ta kudi, saboda irin wannan canjin zai kashe kudi mai yawa kuma jami'ar ta riga ta sami matsala tare da kasafin kudin ta. Bugu da ƙari, canza sunan jami'ar na iya haifar da mummunar tasiri a kan saninsa a duniya.

## Bayanan da aka ambata