2023 Kashewar Kasa ta Afirka ta Kudu

Shutdown na kasa na Afirka ta Kudu na 2023 zanga-zangar ce da jam'iyyar siyasa ta Economic Freedom Fighters ta gudanar a ranar 20 ga Maris 2023, ranar da ta gabata kafin Ranar 'Yancin Dan Adam. EFF ta yi kira ga Shugaba Cyril Ramaphosa ya yi murabus da kuma kawo karshen zubar da kaya. Shugaban EFF, Julius Malema, ya gargadi kamfanoni a duk fadin kasar da su rufe kofofin su ko kuma su yi barazanar sace su.

The Mail and Guardian sun yi hasashen cewa rufewar ta kasance "tsayawa" ga iyawar kamfen ɗin EFF a shirye-shiryen Babban zaben 2024.  Binciken da Cibiyar Nazarin Jama'a ta gudanar kafin rufewar ya ruwaito ya gano cewa goyon bayan zabe ga EFF ya ragu sosai, daga 12% a watan Yulin 2022 zuwa 6% a watan Maris na shekara ta 2023.

## Gudun zuwa rufewa
Baya ga EFF, Ƙungiyar Kwadago ta Afirka ta Kudu (SAFTU),  Jam'iyyar Land,  da sabuwar ƙungiyar Carl Niehaus ta Afirka ta Radical Economic Transformation Alliance (Areta)  sun shiga cikin tallafawa rufewar. Kamfanonin taksi irin su Santaco sun ki tallafawa rufewar suna mai cewa ba sa son tattalin arzikin ya kara lalacewa.

Jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance (DA) ta nemi haramtacciyar kotu game da rufewa a lardunan Western Cape da Gauteng. Dokar farko ta hana masu shirya rufewa daga rufe kasuwancin da hanyoyi da kuma dokar ta biyu da ta bayyana zanga-zangar rufewa ba bisa ka'ida ba. Kotun ta ba da izinin farko na DA kuma ta musanta izinin na biyu.

Ofishin 'yan sanda na Afirka ta Kudu ya bayyana cewa ba za a rufe kasa da karfi ba kuma sun sanya matakai don tabbatar da lafiyar mutane.

Fiye da 24,000 motoci tayoyin mota ne hukumomi suka kwace a duk faɗin ƙasar a cikin sa'o'in da suka kai ga rufewa. Hukumomi sun bayyana cewa an sanya tayoyin a wurare masu mahimmanci tare da yiwuwar niyyar ƙirƙirar toshe hanya da kuma kunna wuta a ranar rufewa. An yi zargin cewa masu fafutukar EFF ne suka taimaka wajen kwace su, wadanda suka sanya hotuna na kansu kusa da tarin tayoyi a kafofin sada zumunta, wanda Malema ya nemi su kada su yi.

## Tasirin
A ranar rufewar an bayar da rahoton manyan zanga-zangar zanga-zambe da tashin hankali a cikin manyan garuruwan EFF na lardunan Limpopo da Gauteng inda ake zargin an jefa bam a gidan mai sukar EFF Nhlanhla Lux kuma kamfanin bas na kasa Putco ya dakatar da wasu ayyukansa saboda rahotanni na tsoratarwa. An bayyana halin da ake ciki a matsayin "mai natsuwa" a lardunan KwaZulu-Natal da Western Cape, amma an ruwaito cewa an rufe hanyoyi biyu ta hanyar kone taya a yankin Nelson Mandela Bay a Gabashin Cape. An bayar da rahoton cewa kimanin mutane 150,000 ne suka halarci rufewar a duk faɗin ƙasar.

## Amsa da martani

### Bincike
Malema ya bayyana taron a matsayin "ƙarewa mafi nasara a tarihin Afirka ta Kudu". Duk da sanarwar da ya yi a baya, Malema ya zargi soke bas din da aka hayar wa masu zanga-zangar a matsayin dalilin da ya sa aka samu karancin masu halarta fiye da yadda ake tsammani don rufewa. Malema ya kuma yi zargin cewa kasancewar 'yan sanda da sojoji ba dole ba da kuma rashin sa ido ba zato ba tsammani ya kuma yi mummunar tasiri ga masu halartar zanga-zangar.

Kafofin yada labarai sun ba da rahoton cewa yawan masu halarta don rufewa ya kasance ƙasa da yadda ake tsammani,    a zahiri karami ne, kuma mai yiwuwa ya kasance gazawar EFF,   mai yiwuwa ya lalata hoton jam'iyyar a cikin tseren zuwa zaben kasa.  AfriForum ya bayyana cewa rufewar ta gaza ga EFF. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka (ANC) ta gode wa 'yan Afirka ta Kudu saboda rashin amsa rokon EFF don shiga rufewa,  kuma DA ta kuma bayyana taron a matsayin rashin nasara ga EFF kuma ta yi iƙirarin cewa kotun da ta tabbatar da tsoratarwa a lokacin rufewa ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen rage tasirin ta. 

### Abubuwan da suka faru na labarai na karya
Julius Malema ya yi iƙirarin cewa rufewar ta taimaka wajen rage zubar da kaya. Koyaya, kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na ƙasa Eskom ya sanar a gaban zanga-zangar da rage yawan kayan aiki saboda raguwar buƙata. A zahiri, Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta asali ta sanya ranar 20 ga Maris a matsayin hutun makaranta na musamman a cikin 2022. Tsohon Shugaba na Eskom André de Ruyter a baya ya bayyana a watan Janairun 2023 cewa za a sami sauƙin sauke kaya a ƙarshen Maris. Ministan wutan lantarki Kgosientsho Ramokgopa ya kuma musanta duk wani shiga na EFF tare da dakatar da sauke kaya.

Sakamakon kafofin sada zumunta sun raba hotunan da ba daidai ba daga zanga-zangar da ta gabata, musamman tafiyar EFF zuwa Eskom a watan Fabrairun 2020, suna da'awar cewa daga rufewar kasa ne.

## Dubi kuma

* Rikicin Afirka ta Kudu na 2021
* Zaben kananan hukumomin Afirka ta Kudu na 2021
* Babban zaben Afirka ta Kudu na 2019
* zanga-zangar isar da sabis na 2019

## Manazarta