Karuwanci a Namibia

**[[karuwanci]] a [[Namibiya|Namibia]]** doka ce kuma al'ada ce ta yau da kullun. Ayyuka masu alaƙa kamar neman, sayarwa da shiga cikin gudanar da gidan karuwai ba bisa ka'ida ba ne. Binciken Bankin Duniya ya kiyasta cewa akwai kimanin karuwanci 11,000 a Namibia.

Cinikin mutane,  karuwancin yara  da HIV / AIDS  sun kasance batutuwa masu tsanani a kasar.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
Karuwanci yana faruwa a duk faɗin ƙasar, musamman a yankunan iyaka, hanyoyin sufuri, Walvis Bay da babban birnin Windhoek .  Yawancin karuwanci Namibiya ne, amma akwai kuma adadi mai yawa daga Zambia, Botswana da Angola. Yawancin mata suna aiki da kansu kuma kaɗan ne ke da masu karuwanci.

Yawancin masu karuwanci a titin="Namibia">Namibia suna saduwa da abokan cinikin su ko dai a kan titi ko a mashaya. Bars sau da yawa suna da ɗaki a kan mahallin don karuwanci suyi amfani da su, kuma gidajen karuwai yawanci suna da mashaya, don haka layin tsakanin mashaya da gidan karuwai sau da yawa ba su da kyau. Wasu, mafi girma kasuwa, ana tuntuɓar ma'aikatan jima'i ta wayar salula ko Intanet kuma suna aiki a manyan kungiyoyi da otal-otal.

Abokan ciniki da yawa ba sa son yin amfani da kwaroron roba, kuma suna ba da ƙarin kuɗi don jima'i mara kariya. condoms na iya zama da wahala a samu a wasu lokuta, kuma 'yan sanda na iya kwace su kuma su yi amfani da su azaman shaidar karuwanci.

Ma'aikatan jima'i da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu sun ba da rahoton cin zarafi da tashin hankali a kansu ta hanyar abokan ciniki da 'yan sanda. An kuma bayar da rahoton cin hanci da rashawa da tilasta jima'i da 'yan sanda suka yi.

Karuwancin yara matsala ce, musamman a Walvis Bay da Windhoek . 

## Tarihi

### Mulkin Jamus
A shekara ta 1899, an tsara ka'idoji game da gidajen karuwai da ke amfani da fararen karuwanci a Swakopmund. Wannan ya ba hukumomi damar saka idanu kan lafiyar jima'i na karuwai kuma an tsara shi don sarrafa yaduwar cututtukan da ake samu ta hanyar jima'i (STIs). Hukumomin mulkin mallaka sun yi imanin cewa karuwanci na Afirka ba a tsara su ba sune babban tushen STIs. Sauran garuruwa daga baya sun gabatar da irin waɗannan ƙa'idodi, gami da Okahandja, Karibib, Windhoek, Keetmanshoop, Luderitz, Tsumeb da Seeheim. An karfafa amfani da fararen karuwanci don ƙoƙarin hana dangantaka tsakanin fararen maza da mata na Afirka. Akwai shaidar cewa an yi fataucin wasu fararen karuwai zuwa kasar.

Bayan Yaƙe-yaƙe na Herero, sojojin Jamus sun kafa gidan karuwai a Windhoek don dakarunsu. Kodayake wasu 'yan asalin mata sun ba da kansu don yin aiki a gidan karuwai, an tilasta wasu su yi aiki a can.

Kodayake fararen maza da ke ganin karuwancin Afirka sun yi sanyin gwiwa, an yarda da shi a duk wannan zamanin.
### Mulkin Afirka ta Kudu
Karuwanci bai zama laifi ba, amma an yi amfani da *Sanarwar Kawar da Marasa Amfani* (1920) don kore yawancin fararen karuwai da masu gudanar da gidajen karuwai zuwa Jamus. Haka kuma, a shekarar 1920 an gabatar da *Sanarwar Laifukan 'Yan Sanda*, wanda ya haramta zaman banza da neman abokan hulɗar jima'i don karuwanci. Akwai damuwa game da karuwancin yara, kuma a shekarar 1921 an gabatar da *Sanarwar Kare Ƴan Mata da Mata masu matsala ta kwakwalwa* wanda ya kayyade shekarar yarda da jima'i a 16. 

Hukumomi sun dora alhakin karuwanci kan hijirar mata 'yan Afirka daga yankunan ƙauyuka zuwa birane. Sabuwar doka ta fito a shekarar 1938 inda ake bukatar dukkan "mata 'yan ƙasa" masu shekaru tsakanin 18 zuwa 60 da ke zaune a Windhoek, sai dai in sun yi aure a doka kuma suna zaune tare da mazajensu, su dinga yin gwajin lafiya duk bayan watanni shida. Bayan zanga-zangar tashin hankali a watan Maris na shekarar 1939, an janye dokar.

## Halin doka
Dokar *Combating of Immoral Practices Act (Act 21 of 1980)* ita ce dokar da ke jagorantar karuwanci a Namibia. Babban abinda dokar ke hana shi shine shiga harkar karuwanci ta hanyar wasu mutane:
* Neman abokan hulɗa a tituna ko wuraren jama'a
* Nuna kai da rashin kunya ko sutura maras dacewa a gaban jama'a
* Aikata “duk wata lalatar dabi'a” da wani a gaban jama'a (amma ba a cikin gida ba)
* Gudanar da gidan karuwai
* “Nemo” mace don ta shiga jima’i da wani ba tare da aure ba, ta zama karuwa, ko ta “zauna a gidan karuwai”
* Ja hankalin mace zuwa gidan karuwai don karuwanci
* Rayuwa da dukiya daga samun karuwanci
* Taimakawa wajen aikata “lalatar dabi'a” tsakanin mutane
* Tsare mace da karfi a gidan karuwai

Birnin Windhoek na da dokar tituna da zirga-zirga ta gari da ke hana yawo ba tare da dalili ba da neman abokan hulɗa.

A cikin shari’a, an tabbatar da cewa karuwa da ke aiki kai tsaye a gidanta ba ta gudanar da gidan karuwai, kuma samun kuɗi daga karuwanci ba ya shafar karuwar da ke aikata shi.

Laifukan da suka shafi oda da tsari na jama'a su ma ana amfani da su akan ma'aikatan jima’i.

### Tattaunawar halatta karuwanci
Wasu kungiyoyi masu tasiri sun nemi halatta ko rage matsin doka akan karuwanci. A shekarar 2008, Legal Assistance Centre, kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke Windhoek da ke kare hakkin dan Adam, ta nemi a rage dokar karuwanci don dakile yaduwar HIV-AIDS da kare hakkin karuwar kanta. Rights not Rescue, wata kungiya da ke kare hakkin ma’aikatan jima’i na cikin masu goyon bayan rage dokar.

## HIV

HIV/AIDS a Namibia matsala ce mai tsanani ta kiwon lafiya. Yawan masu dauke da HIV a Namibia na daya daga cikin mafi yawa a duniya. Tun daga shekarar 1996, HIV shi ne babban dalilin mutuwa a ƙasar. Masu aikata jima'i da yawa suna cikin haɗari. Wasu majiyoyi suna nuna cewa yawan masu dauke da HIV a cikin wannan rukuni na iya kaiwa har kashi 70%. Rashin son amfani da kwaroron roba, ƙarancin ilimin lafiyar jima'i, da ƙuntatawar samun kulawar lafiya na daga cikin dalilan da ke haddasa yawaitar kamuwa.

## Fasa ƙwauri na jima'i

Namibia na daga cikin ƙasashen da ake fasa ƙwauri da kuma inda ake kai waɗanda ake fasa ƙwauri da su, musamman yara, sannan mata a ɗan kaɗan, waɗanda ake fasa ƙwauri da su ta hanyar jima'i. Yaran Namibia na fuskantar fasa ƙwauri na jima'i a Windhoek da Walvis Bay. Wani rahoton kafar sadarwa na 2015 ya zargi 'yan yawon buɗe ido daga kudancin Afirka da Turai da cin gajiyar yaran da ake fasa ƙwauri da su ta hanyar jima'i. A shekarar 2014, wani NGO ya bayyana cewa wasu mata masu aikata jima'i, daga cikinsu akwai wadanda ake iya fasa ƙwauri da su, an dauke su zuwa cikin jiragen ruwa na ƙasashen waje a bakin gabar teku ta Namibia. Yara daga ƙasashen makwabta masu talauci na iya fuskantar fasa ƙwauri na jima'i.

Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Amurka ta Ofishin Kulawa da Yaƙi da Fasa ƙwauri da Mutane ta sanya Namibia a matsayin ƙasa Tier 2.

Wasu kungiyoyi a Namibia na adawa da halatta karuwanci, maimakon haka suna kokarin ba tsofaffin ma’aikatan jima’i sana’o’i. Wasu na kallon batun ta fuskar addini, suna cewa yawancin al’ummar Namibia Kiristoci ne, don haka bai kamata su yarda da abin da suka kira sana’ar rashin kamun kai ba.

Tattaunawa a Majalisar Dokoki ta Namibia na jawo cece-kuce. Daya daga cikin masu goyon bayan halatta karuwanci shi ne Kazenambo Kazenambo, wanda ya rike matsayin Ministan Matasa har zuwa 2015.

## Manazarta