Bill Richardson

William Blaine Richardson III (15 ga Nuwamba, 1947 - 1 ga Satumba, 2023) ɗan siyasan Amurka ne, marubuci, kuma diflomasiyya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin gwamnan New Mexico na 30 daga 2003 zuwa 2011. Ya kasance Jakadan Amurka a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kuma Sakataren makamashi a cikin Gwamnatin Clinton, Wakilin Amurka, shugaban Jam'iyyar Democrat ta 2004, kuma shugaban Kungiyar Gwamnonin Democrat (DGA).

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2008, an zabi Richardson a matsayin Sakataren Kasuwanci a Gwamnatin Obama ta farko [1] amma ya janye wata daya bayan haka, yayin da ake binciken sa don yiwuwar hulɗar kasuwanci mara kyau. [2][3][4] Kodayake daga baya aka sauke binciken, ya lalata shahararren Richardson kuma ya rage tasirinsa yayin da wa'adinsa na biyu da na karshe a matsayin gwamnan New Mexico ya kammala.

Richardson a wasu lokuta ya ba da shawara game da batutuwan diflomasiyya da suka shafi Koriya ta Arewa kuma ya ziyarci kasar a lokuta da yawa, gami da kokarin sakin fursunonin Amurka. Ya kammala ayyukan jin kai masu zaman kansu da yawa, daya daga cikinsu ya sami sakin dan jaridar Amurka Danny Fenster daga kurkukun Myanmar a watan Nuwamba 2021.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi William Blaine Richardson III a Pasadena, California, a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 1947 .  Ya girma a cikin garin Coyoacán a Mexico_City" id="mwRg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Mexico City">Birnin Mexico .  Mahaifinsa, William Blaine Richardson Jr. (1891-1972), wanda ya fito ne daga Anglo-Amurka da Mexican, babban jami'in yankin ne na Amurka daga Boston wanda ya yi aiki a Mexico don abin da ke yanzu Citibank .  An haifi mahaifin Richardson a cikin jirgi da ke kan hanyar zuwa Nicaragua.

Mahaifiyarsa, María Luisa López-Collada Márquez (1914-2011), ta kasance sakatariyar mahaifinsa - ita ce 'yar Mexico da aka haifa a mahaifiyar Mexico kuma mahaifin Mutanen Espanya daga Villaviciosa, Asturias .  Kafin a haifi Bill Richardson, mahaifinsa ya tura mahaifiyarsa zuwa California don haihuwa saboda, kamar yadda Richardson ya bayyana, "Mahaifinsa yana da matsala game da ba a haife shi a Amurka ba".

Richardson, ɗan ƙasar Amurka ne ta hanyar haihuwa, ya yi yarantakarsa a cikin wani hacienda mai kyau a yankin Coyoacán na San Francisco  inda ya girma a matsayin Roman Katolika.  Lokacin da Richardson ke da shekaru 13, iyayensa suka tura shi Amurka don halartar Makarantar Middlesex, makarantar shirye-shirye a Concord, Massachusetts, inda ya buga wasan baseball a matsayin mai jefa kwallo. Ya shiga Jami'ar Tufts  a shekarar 1966, inda ya ci gaba da buga wasan baseball. 

A shekara ta 1967, ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na rani a cikin Cape Cod Baseball League, yana buga wa Cotuit Kettleers; ya koma gasar a shekara ta 1968 tare da Harwich Mariners .  Shirin Kettleers ya haɗa da kalmomin "K.C. ya tsara" Richardson ya ce:

Tarihin Richardson na asali ya bayyana cewa Kansas City Athletics da Chicago Cubs ne suka tsara shi don yin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙwararru, amma binciken Albuquerque Journal na 2005 ya gano cewa bai taɓa kasancewa a cikin wani takarda na hukuma ba. Richardson ya yarda da kuskuren, wanda ya ci gaba da cewa ba da gangan ba ne, yana cewa ƙungiyoyi da yawa sun gano shi kuma ya gaya masa cewa "zai kasance ko za a iya" tsara shi, amma ya yi kuskure wajen cewa an tsara shi da gaske.

Richardson ya sami Digiri na farko a Jami'ar Tufts a shekarar 1970, yana karatun Faransanci da kimiyyar siyasa, kuma ya kasance memba kuma shugaban Delta Tau Delta fraternity. Ya sami digiri na biyu a harkokin kasa da kasa daga Makarantar Shari'a da diflomasiyya ta Jami'ar Tufts a shekarar 1971. Ya sadu da matarsa ta gaba Barbara (née Flavin) lokacin da suke makarantar sakandare a Concord, Massachusetts, kuma sun yi aure a 1972 bayan kammala karatunta daga Kwalejin Wheaton . 

Richardson ya kasance zuriyar William Brewster, fasinja a kan *Mayflower* . 

## Farkon aikin siyasa
Bayan kwaleji, Richardson ya yi aiki ga dan majalisa na Republican F. Bradford Morse daga Massachusetts daga 1971 zuwa 1973. A shekara ta 1974, ya tafi ya yi aiki a kan dangantakar majalisa don Ma'aikatar Jiha Kissinger a lokacin Gwamnatin Nixon. Tsakanin 1976 da 1978 ya kasance ma'aikacin kwamitin hulda da kasashen waje na Majalisar Dattijai.

## Wakilin Amurka (1983-1997)

A shekara ta 1978, Richardson ya koma Santa Fe, New Mexico . A shekara ta 1980 ya yi takarar Majalisar Wakilai a Gundumar majalisa ta farko ta jihar, amma ya rasa ga dan jam'iyyar Republican mai tsawo kuma Sakataren Cikin Gida na Amurka na gaba Manuel Lujan .  Shekaru biyu bayan haka, an zabi Richardson a sabuwar gundumar ta uku da aka kirkira a New Mexico, wacce ta dauki mafi yawan arewacin jihar. Richardson ya shafe shekaru 14 a Majalisa, yana wakiltar gundumar da ta fi bambanta a kasar kuma yana gudanar da tarurrukan gari 2,000.

#### MANAZARTA