Elizabeth Holloway Marston

**Sarah Elizabeth Marston** ( née Holloway; Fabrairu 20, 1893 - Maris 27, 1993)  lauya ce kuma ƙwararren ɗan Amurka. Ana ba da kyauta, tare da mijinta William Moulton Marston, tare da haɓaka ma'aunin hawan jini na systolic da aka yi amfani da shi don gano yaudara ; magabata ga polygraph .  

An kuma yaba mata a matsayin wahayi ga littafin ban dariya na mijinta Wonder Woman, tare da abokin rayuwa, Olive Byrne .   

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Marston Sarah Elizabeth Holloway a Tsibirin Man, ga William George Washington Holloway (ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, 1961), wani magatakarda na banki na Amurka, da matarsa ta Ingila, Daisy (née De Gaunza; ta mutu a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 1945), wanda ya yi aure a Ingila a shekara ta 1892. Bayan iyalinta suka koma Amurka, Sarah ta girma a Boston, Massachusetts. Sunan laƙabi shi ne "Sadie". Daga bisani ta watsar da sunanta na farko don goyon bayan sunanta na tsakiya, Elizabeth, wanda za ta zama sananne.[1][2]

## Ayyuka da iyali
Marston ta sami BA a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam daga Kwalejin Mount Holyoke a 1915 [1] kuma ta LLB daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Boston a 1918, [2] [3] daya daga cikin mata uku da suka kammala karatu a Makarantar Shariʼa a wannan shekarar.[4][1]

Marston ya auri William Moulton Marston a shekarar 1915. Ta fara haihuwa tana da shekaru 35, sannan ta koma aiki. A lokacin da ta yi aiki mai tsawo da kuma wadataccen aiki, ta yi lacca da takardun majalisa goma sha huɗu na farko, ta ba da lacca kan doka, da ɗabi'a da ilimin halayyar dan adam a jami'o'in Amurka da yawa, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin edita ga *Encyclopædia Britannica* da McCall. Ta rubuta littafi, Integrative Psychology, tare da mijinta da C. Daly King . A 1933, ta zama mataimakiyar shugaban zartarwa a Metropolitan Life Insurance . 

Wani lokaci a ƙarshen 1920s, Olive Byrne, wata budurwa William ta hadu yayin koyarwa a Jami'ar Tufts, ta shiga gidan, ta zama abokin tarayya na uku a cikin dangantakar su. Elizabeth Marston ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu, Peter da Olive Ann, yayin da Olive Byrne kuma ta haifi 'ya'yan William biyu, Byrne da Donn. Marstons sun karɓi ’ya’yan Zaitun bisa doka, kuma Zaitun ya kasance ɓangare na iyali, ko da bayan mutuwar William a 1947.  

Olive ta zauna a gida tare da yara yayin da Marston ke aiki. Ci gaba a MetLife har sai da ta kai shekara sittin da biyar, Elizabeth ta dauki nauyin dukkan yara hudu ta hanyar kwaleji - kuma Byrne ta hanyar makarantar likita da Donn ta hanyar makarantar shari'a. Ita da Olive sun ci gaba da zama tare har zuwa mutuwar Olive a shekarar 1990.[1][2] Dukansu Olive da Marston "sun kasance cikin mata na yau".[3]

### Gwajin hawan jini na systolic
Marston ta yi karatun digiri na biyu a Kwalejin Radcliffe ta Jami'ar Harvard yayin da mijinta William ya halarci shirin digiri na uku a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam a Harvard, wanda a lokacin ya shiga cikin dalibai maza kawai. Ta yi aiki tare da William a kan rubutunsa, wanda ya shafi alaƙa tsakanin matakan hawan jini da yaudara. Daga baya ya kirkiro wannan a cikin gwajin hawan jini na systolic da aka yi amfani da shi don gano yaudara wanda shine wanda ya rigaya zuwa gwajin polygraph. 

A 1921, Marston ta sami MA daga Radcliffe kuma William ya sami PhD daga Harvard. Kodayake ba a lissafa Marston a matsayin abokin haɗin gwiwar William a cikin aikinsa na farko ba, marubuta da yawa suna magana kai tsaye da kai tsaye ga aikin Elizabeth akan binciken hawan jini / yaudara na mijinta. Ta bayyana a cikin hoton da aka ɗauka a dakin gwaje-gwaje na polygraph a cikin shekarun 1920, wanda William ya sake bugawa a cikin littafin 1938 .  

### Mace Mai Al'ajabi
Wani fasalin "Our Towns" na 1992 na The New York Times ya tattauna yadda Marston ya shiga cikin halittar Wonder Woman (ko da yake babu wata tushe da aka ambata a cikin labarin don sanarwar "wannan jarumi ya fi dacewa ya zama mace" wanda aka danganta ga Holloway):

Har ila yau, ta bayyana cewa ta ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban Wonder Woman,   yayin da Lillian S. Robinson ta yi jayayya cewa duka Olive Byrne da Elizabeth sune samfuran halin. 

## Mutuwa
Marston ta mutu a ranar 27 ga Maris, 1993, wata daya bayan ranar haihuwarta ta 100.

## A cikin fim
An nuna rayuwar Marston a cikin Farfesa Marston da Mata Masu Al'ajabi, wasan kwaikwayo na tarihin rayuwa na 2017 wanda kuma ya nuna mijinta William, Olive Byrne, da kuma halittar Mace Mai Al'ajabe. [1] Marston an nuna shi a cikin fim din ta hanyar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Burtaniya Rebecca Hall . [2]

## Asteroid
Asteroid 101813 An sanya wa Elizabethmarston suna a cikin ƙwaƙwalwarta. Cibiyar Minor Planet Center ce ta buga ambaton sunan hukuma a ranar 25 ga Satumba, 2018 () tare da sunan Asteroid 102234 Olivebyrne . 

## Ayyuka

* Ilimin halayyar mutum: Nazarin Amsa na Ɗaya ta William Moulton Marston, C. Daly King, da Elizabeth Holloway Marston, 1931.
* "Chalk Marks on the Gate", by Elizabeth Holloway; illus. Adolf Treidler; Abokin Gidan Mata, 1924, Janairu; shafi na 14-15, 96.
* "Gift-Horse", na Elizabeth Holloway; illus. George Wright; Abokin Gidan Mata, 1922, Yuli; shafuffuka 22-23, 92-93.

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* "Kakarta ita ce mace mai ban mamaki ta rayuwa ta ainihi (Guest Column) ," The Hollywood Reporter, Yuni 2, 2017.