Nalini Ambady

**Nalini Ambady** an haife ta a watan (Maris 20, 1959 - Oktoba 28, 2013) masaniyar ilimin halayyar jama'a ce ta Indiya-Amurka kuma babban gwani ce kan halayyar da ba ta magana da kuma fahimtar mutum.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
'Yar asalin jihar Kerala, Indiya, Ambady ta yi karatunta a Makarantar Lawrence, Lovedale, kuma ta shiga kwaleji a Kwalejin Lady Shri Ram don Mata, Delhi .  Daga baya, ta koma Amurka don ilimi mafi girma, ta kammala MA a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam daga Kwalejin William &amp;amp; Mary, Virginia . Ta sami Ph.D. a cikin ilimin halayyar jama'a daga Jami'ar Harvard a 1991 a karkashin jagorancin Robert Rosenthal, tare da shi ta yi bincike kan hukunce-hukuncen yanke hukunci.

## Ayyukan ilimi
Ta rike mukamai na ilimi a Jami'ar Harvard  da Kwalejin Holy Cross  kafin a nada ta a matsayin farfesa a Sashen Psychology a Jami'an Tufts a shekara ta 2004. Daga baya ta koma Jami'ar Stanford, California a shekara ta 2011.

Ambady ta ƙware a cikin nazarin fahimta. Binciken da ta yi ya gano cewa mutane suna fahimtar alamun da ba na magana ba don amsawa ga mutane ko yanayi kuma cewa bayanin da aka tattara daga ra'ayi na nan take yana da iko kamar bayanin da aka tara ta hanyar sanin halin da ake ciki ko mutum na dogon lokaci. Ita da Robert Rosenthal sun kirkiro kalmar nan "thin slices" don nuna irin waɗannan alamun da ba na magana ba. Daga baya, marubucin Malcolm Gladwell ya yi nuni sosai ga aikin Ambady a cikin Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking .

Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun gwaje-gwajen Ambady ya nemi ɗalibai su kalli bidiyon 10 na farfesa da ba a saba da su ba yayin da suke koyarwa, da kuma kimanta farfesa don son zuciya, gaskiya, ƙwarewa, da sauran halaye. Amsoshin ɗalibai sun haɗa da kyau sosai tare da irin wannan ƙididdigar da ɗaliban da suka kwashe cikakken semester don sanin halayen farfesa da halaye na koyarwa.

### Kafawar SPARQ
A lokacin nadin Ambady a Stanford, ta kafa SPARQ, Cibiyar Amsoshin Halitta ga Tambayoyin Duniya na Gaskiya. Da farko an kira cibiyar "The Lewin Center", bayan mai ba da shawara kan ilimin halayyar jama'a Kurt Lewin. SPARQ a hukumance ta buɗe ƙofofinta a cikin 2014 bayan Ambady ta mutu, amma ta kasance mai aiki a cikin kafa ta yayin da take fama da cutar sankara har zuwa mutuwarta. Babban burin SPARQ shine inganta al'umma ta hanyar daukar ilimi daga fagen ilimin halayyar jama'a kai tsaye ga masu tsara manufofi, malamai da sauran mutane masu tasiri. SPARQ ƙoƙari ne na magance rata tsakanin ilimin halayyar dan adam da duniyar gaske kuma yana da niyyar gina gada tsakanin abubuwan da suka faru na masu aiki a fagen, da kuma binciken kimiyya na dakin gwaje-gwaje. SPARQ yayi ƙoƙari ya cika wannan burin ta hanyar inganta haɗin gwiwa mai ma'ana tsakanin masu aiki da ilimin halayyar jama'a don amfanin duka biyun.

## Rashin lafiya da mutuwa
An gano Ambady da cutar sankarar jini a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2004 amma ya warke bayan magani. A shekara ta 2011, ciwon daji ya sake dawowa a cikin wani nau'i mai tsanani. Abokanta da iyalinta sun jagoranci kamfen na duniya don neman mai ba da gudummawa mai dacewa da ƙashi tunda babu wani a cikin rajistar ƙashi da ke akwai. Wannan ya kasance wani bangare ne saboda ƙananan adadin Indiyawa a cikin rajista a duk duniya da kuma iyakantaccen tushe na masu ba da gudummawa kusan 25,000 a cikin 'yan rajistar Indiya da ke akwai. Matsayinta ya haifar da ƙoƙari na duniya don ƙara shiga cikin rajistar ƙwayar ƙashi tsakanin kabilun Asiya ta Kudu. Kodayake mutane goma sha uku masu ba da gudummawa sun kasance a cikin wani lokaci, da yawa daga cikinsu sun ki shiga cikin tsarin transplant bayan ganowa.

Ambady ta mutu a ranar 28 ga Oktoba, 2013, a asibitin Brigham da mata a Boston.

## Kyaututtuka da girmamawa
Ambady ya kasance ɗan ƙungiyar American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Psychological Association, da Association for Psychological Science. Ta lashe Kyautar AAAS don Binciken Kimiyya na Halin a shekarar 1993. An gabatar da ita lambar yabo ta Carol da Ed Diener a cikin ilimin halayyar jama'a a cikin 1999 ta Society for Personality and Social Psychology don gudummawa sosai ga fagen. Ta kuma sami lambar yabo ta Farko ta Shugaban kasa don Masana kimiyya da Injiniyoyi daga Shugaba Bill Clinton . 

## Littattafai

* *R. B. Adams, M.kotag Jr., N. Ambady, K. Nakayama. da kuma S. Shimojo. (2010). Social Vision, Oxford University Press.*
* *N. Ambady & J. Skowronski (Eds.) (2008). Abubuwan da suka faru na farko, Guilford.*
* *M. Weisbuch & N. Ambady. Shared Minds in Motion: Dynamic Nonverbal Halin da Social Influence. Psychology Press: Taylor & Francis.*

## Dubi kuma

* Yankewa mai laushi
* Tasirin tseren tseren
* Neuroculture
* Ra'ayoyin jima'i

## Manazarta