Kungiyar Coltura

**Coltura** ƙungiya ce ta Amurka mai fafutukar kare muhalli da ke Seattle, Washington. Kungiyar na inganta manufofin muhalli da kuma samar da ayyukan al'adu da nufin kawo karshen amfani da man fetur da Amurka ke yi, da bayar da shawarwari kan manufofi don kawar da siyar da sabbin motocin da ke amfani da man fetur nan da shekarar 2030.

A cikin 2021, Coltura ya ƙirƙira kalmar "masu sarrafa man fetur," yana nufin masu siye da kashi 10% na yawan man fetur a Amurka. Coltura ya ba da shawarar abubuwan ƙarfafawa ga manyan masu amfani don zama masu amfani da abin hawa lantarki Coltura ya goyi bayan dokar jihar da ke haɓaka amfani da motocin lantarki ta manyan masu amfani da mai, gami da lissafin Vermont game da "masu sarrafa mai" wanda aka zartar a cikin 2023, da kuma irin wannan lissafin jihar Washington wanda aka gabatar a cikin 2021.

Har ila yau, Coltura ya tattara bayanai masu yawa kan amfani da man fetur da masu sarrafa mai a Amurka. Wani bincike na 2021 da Coltura ya yi ya nuna cewa masu sarrafa man fetur sun ƙunshi kusan kashi 10 na direbobin Amurka waɗanda ke tuƙi kusan mil 30,000 ko fiye a kowace shekara. Waɗannan manyan masu amfani suna cinye kashi 32 na duk man fetur da ake amfani da su a cikin Amurka.

## Tarihi

### Kafa
An kafa Coltura a cikin 2014 ta Matthew Metz, lauya a Seattle, Washington. Sunan ya fito ne daga haɗuwar CO2, tsarin sinadarai na carbon dioxide, da kalmar al'ada. An kafa kungiyar a matsayin mai zaman kanta tare da manufar "Kawar da amfani da fetur a Amurka nan da 2040".[13] Metz yana aiki a matsayin babban darekta tare da Janelle London.

### Ƙoƙarin doka da manufofin
A cikin Maris 2020, Coltura ya jagoranci ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa don zartar da dokar hana fitar da hayaki a cikin Jihar Washington, da goyan bayan dokar Jihar Washington da ke ba da izinin duk sabbin motocin da aka siyar su zama masu amfani da wutar lantarki ta 2030. Kudirin doka na shekarar 2030 bai zartar da shi ba a shekarar 2020. Duk da cewa ya zartas da majalisa, Gwamna Jay Inslee ya ki amincewa da shi a shekarar 2021. A cikin 2022, dokar ta zartar kuma Gwamna Inslee ya sanya hannu a kan doka wanda ya kafa wata manufa ta jihar don dakatar da siyar da sabbin motocin gas nan da 2030, amma an aiwatar da ka'idoji don ba da umarnin cewa duk sabbin motoci su zama motocin da ba za su iya fitar da hayaki ba nan da shekarar 2035. Har ila yau, sun dauki nauyin doka a Majalisar Jihar California, tare da aiki tare da Phil Ting na San Francisco, don ƙaddamar da abubuwan ƙarfafawa na EV ga direbobi masu amfani da man fetur mafi yawa.

### Rahoton da ake buƙatar caji
A ranar 1 ga Yuni, 2018, Coltura ya fitar da rahoto, Ana buƙatar Recharge, game da matsayin hukumomin jihar Washington da ke bin dokar 2007 da ke buƙatar "motoci a cikin jiragen gwamnati don yin amfani da wutar lantarki ko man fetur ... 'har zuwa iya aiki'". A cewar rahoton, sabanin 100% riko da aka kafa a matsayin burin 1 ga Yuni, 2015, kasa da kashi 6% na motocin da hukumomin gundumomi da na birni ke amfani da su da 2% na wuraren ajiyar motoci na jihar sun cika wannan buri.

#### Abubuwan fasaha
Coltura ya shirya wasan kwaikwayo na titi da wasan kwaikwayo. A cikin watan Satumba na 2016, sun gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo a gidajen mai, da taron jama'a, da tituna a Seattle don wayar da kan jama'a game da motocin man fetur masu gurbata muhalli. A Seattle Design Festival, sun nuna kayan aikin  kuma sun yi a Farko Art Walk da Bumbershoot. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo da aka yi musu lakabi da "fatalwar fetur", dauke da hoses na man fetur da nozzles kuma suna sanye da fararen damisa, sun ja hankali game da gurɓataccen iska da iskar gas da aka haifar da amfani da man fetur. “Fatalwa” sun nuna sha’awarsu ga mai, da ban dariya suka kori motoci suna shakar hayakinsu.

A cikin Oktoba 2016, ƙungiyar ta gudanar da wani jerin gwano mai taken Jana'izar Gasoline a matsayin wani ɓangare na Ranar Babu Gasoline, wanda ƴan wasan kwaikwayo suka ɗauki akwati mai ɗauke da bututun mai daga Space Needle zuwa Downtown Seattle. Sun ci lambar yabo ta 2017 Dorewa Arts da Al'adu na Seattle don wannan wasan kwaikwayon da "don taimakawa canza ƙa'idodin al'adu game da amfani da man fetur ta hanyar wayar hannu da ayyukan raye-raye, kafofin watsa labarun, da hotuna da bidiyo da ke ƙalubalantar matsayin al'adu."

A cikin watan Yunin 2017, ƙungiyar ta baje kolin The Gas Trap, wani kumfa vinyl mai tsayi mai tsayi ƙafa 25 da aka haɗa da bututun wutsiya na mota mai ƙarfi, tare da wani yanki na wasan kwaikwayo. Aikin haɗin gwiwa ne tsakanin Metz, Samaj, Seattle Design Nerds, Alyssa Norling da Grace Orr. A lokacin wasan kwaikwayon da aka yi a Westlake Park a Seattle, ’yan wasan sun bayyana sun makale a ciki kuma suna haki yayin da hayaƙin wucin gadi ya cika kumfa. An sake gudanar da wasan kwaikwayon a ranar 10 ga Satumba a Cibiyar Jama'a ta Roundhouse | Cibiyar Arts da Recreation Community Community a Vancouver, British Columbia.

## Manazarta