Alicia Shepard

**Alicia Cobb** "**Lisa**" **Shepard**  (Afrilu 27, 1953 - Afrilu 1, 2023) 'yar jaridar Amurka ce, marubuciyar kafofin watsa labarai kuma gwani a kan aikin da rayuwar Bob Woodward da Carl Bernstein .

## Ayyuka
Shepard ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar George Washington a 1978 kuma ta yi aiki a Jaridar Scripps League har zuwa 1982, lokacin da ta shiga San Jose Mercury News a California.

Daga 1982 zuwa 1987, Shepard ya kasance mai ba da rahoto ga San Jose Mercury News a California . Ta kasance Farfesa mai ziyara a Times Mirror a Jami'ar Texas a Austin don shekara ta 2005-2006, inda ta koyar da aji da ta tsara a kan Watergate da manema labarai. Ta shafe shekaru hudu tana hira da mutane sama da 175 da ke da alaƙa da Bob Woodward da Carl Bernstein da kuma bincika ta hanyar sabbin kayan ajiya da Jami'ar Texas ta saya daga Woodward da Bernstein don dala miliyan 5 a shekara ta 2003. Ita ce marubucin littafin Woodward da Bernstein na shekara ta 2006: Life in the Shadow of Watergate .

Ta shiga Rediyon Jama'a na Kasa (NPR) a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2007, don nadin shekaru uku a matsayin Mai ba da shawara ga kungiyar kafofin watsa labarai ta jama'a wanda ya ƙare a ranar 31 ga Mayu, 2011. A cikin wannan ruwa, ta ce a ranar 21 ga Yuni, 2009, cewa waterboarding, kamar yadda Amurkawa ke yi a kan fursunonin ta'addanci, bai kamata a kira shi " azabtarwa" ba,  kodayake daga baya ta ambaci a cikin wata hira cewa "Ina tsammanin yana yin ... azabtarwa". 

Shepard ya koyar da ka'idojin kafofin watsa labarai a Jami'ar Georgetown zuwa shirin masters daga 2007 har zuwa 2010.  Ta kuma koyar da aikin jarida a Jami'ar Amurka. A cikin kaka na shekara ta 2012, ta shiga Jami'ar Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) a matsayin farfesa mai ziyara ga Kwalejin Harkokin Birane ta Greenspun .  A watan Fabrairun 2014, ta koma Kabul, Afghanistan don yin aiki tare da 'yan jaridar Afghanistan.

A cikin 2020, ita da mai gabatar da NPR Trina Williams sun kafa Asusun Gudanar da Mala'ika na UJW . 

### Rikici game da azabtarwa
A watan Yunin 2009, Shepard, wanda ke aiki a matsayin mai kula da NPR, ya karkatar da rashin amincewa da amfani da maganganun NPR kamar "ƙarin tambayoyi" a matsayin maye gurbin kalmar "torture" a cikin rahotonsu game da waterboarding. Ta rubutaKo ta yaya kungiyoyi masu daraja - Red Cross ta Duniya, Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya - sun ce waterboarding azabtarwa ce, akwai mutane masu alhakin da suka ce ba haka ba ne. Tsohon Shugaba Bush, tsohon Mataimakin Shugaba Cheney, ma'aikatan su da magoya bayansu a bayyane sun yi imanin cewa ana buƙatar masu zargin ta'addanci don kare tsaron kasar. Mutum na iya rashin jituwa sosai da waɗancan imani da ayyukansu. Amma saboda girmama ra'ayoyinsu, wanda wani bangare na jama'ar Amurka ke raba shi. Don haka, ba shari'ar budewa ba ce da kowa ya yi imanin cewa waterboarding azabtarwa ce. Shepard ta ce da kanta ta yi imanin cewa waterboarding azabtarwa ce a wata hira da Bob Garfield na On the Media . 

## Kyaututtuka da karbuwa
Shepard ya ba da gudummawa ga mujallu na *Washingtonian* da People, kuma ya rubuta wa The New York Times, The Washington Post da Chicago Tribune . Kusan shekaru goma, ta rubuta don American Journalism Review kan abubuwa kamar ɗabi'a, masana'antar jarida, da kuma yadda aikin jarida ke aiki - ko ba haka ba. Don wannan aikin, kungiyar 'yan jarida ta kasa ta ba ta lambar yabo ta manyan' yan jarida a cikin shekaru uku daban-daban. A shekara ta 2003, ta kasance Mawallafi Mai Girma a Jihar Penn . 

An kirkiro *Gidauniyar Alicia "Lisa" Cobb Shepard* Legacy a cikin ƙwaƙwalwarta.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Shepard ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar George Washington, tare da girmamawa a Turanci. A shekara ta 1987, Shepard, mijinta, mai daukar hoto Robert Hodierne, da ɗanta mai shekara guda, Cutter Hodierne sun tashi a kan jirgin ruwa mai mita 32, "Yankee Lady", don Kudancin Pacific. Sun shafe shekaru uku suna tafiya a cikin tsibirai, kuma ta rubuta game da abubuwan da suka faru. Sun tashi zuwa Japan kuma sun zauna har tsawon shekaru biyu suna rubutu, gyarawa, koyar da Turanci da kuma koyon Jafananci. Ma'auratan sun sake aure.

Shepard ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin aikin jarida daga Jami'ar Maryland a shekara ta 2002. Ta yi tafiya sosai a Amurka da kasashen waje. A shekara ta 2002, ta yi tseren keke mai nisan kilomita 517 daga Amsterdam zuwa Paris. Shepard ya sake yin aure a shekarar 2021.

## Manazarta