Martha Layne Collins

**Martha Layne Collins** (Disamba 7, 1936 - Nuwamba 1, 2025) yar kasuwa ce Ba'amurke kuma 'yar siyasa daga Kentucky; Ta kasance gwamna na 56 a jihar daga 1983 zuwa 1987, mace ta farko da ta taba rike wannan mukami kuma ita kadai ce ta taba rike wannan mukami. Kafin haka, ta yi aiki a matsayin Laftanar Gwamna na 48 na Kentucky, a karkashin John Y. Brown Jr. Zaben da ta yi a matsayin gwamna ya sa ta zama mace mafi girma a jam'iyyar Democrat. An dauke ta a matsayin mai yiwuwa mataimakiyar dan takarar shugaban kasa na Democrat Walter Mondale a zaben shugaban kasa na 1984, amma Mondale ya zabi 'yar majalisa Geraldine Ferraro a maimakon haka.

Bayan kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Kentucky, Collins ta yi aiki a matsayin malamin makaranta yayin da mijinta ya kammala digiri a likitan hakora. Ta zama mai sha'awar siyasa, kuma ta yi aiki a yakin neman takarar gwamna na Wendell Ford a 1971 da Walter Dee Huddleston na Majalisar Dattijan Amurka a 1972. A 1975, an zabe ta sakatariyar jam'iyyar Democratic Party ta jihar kuma an zabe ta magatakarda na Kotun daukaka kara ta Kentucky. A lokacin da take rike da mukamin magatakarda, wani gyaran tsarin mulki ya sake fasalin tsarin shari'a na jihar, kuma Kotun daukaka kara ta zama Kotun Koli ta Kentucky. Collins ya ci gaba da zama magatakarda na kotun da aka sake masa suna kuma ya yi aiki don ilimantar da 'yan kasa game da sabuwar rawar da kotun ta taka.

An zabi Collins a matsayin Laftanar Gwamna a shekarar 1979, a karkashin Gwamna John Y. Brown Jr. Brown ba ya da yawa a jihar, inda ya bar Collins a matsayin mukaddashin gwamna fiye da kwanaki 500 na wa'adinta na shekara hudu a matsayin Laftanar Gwamna. A 1983, ta doke dan Republican Jim Bunning don zama mace ta farko da ta yi gwamna a Kentucky. Gwamnatinta tana da fifiko biyu na farko: ilimi da bunkasa tattalin arziki. Bayan da ta kasa samun karin kudade don ilimi a zaman majalisar na 1984, ta gudanar da yakin wayar da kan jama'a a fadin jihar gabanin wani zama na musamman a shekara mai zuwa; an aiwatar da shirin da aka gyara a wancan zaman. Ta yi nasarar yin amfani da karfin tattalin arziki don kawo wata masana'antar Toyota zuwa Georgetown, Kentucky, a cikin 1986. Kalubalen shari'a ga abubuwan ƙarfafawa - waɗanda za su jawo wa jihar asarar shukar da fa'idodin tattalin arzikinta - daga ƙarshe Kotun Koli ta Kentucky ta kori. Kamfanin Toyota Georgetown, wanda ya haifar da ƙarin masu kera motoci zama a Kentucky, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin babbar nasarar Collins a lokacin da take Gwamna. Jahar ta sami ci gaban tattalin arziki a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Collins. Duk da kasa samun wani gagarumin garambawul a tsarin ilimin sana’o’in jihar, Collins zai samu babban nasara wajen inganta tsarin ilimi na jihar; karar da aka shigar a shekarar 1985 a karkashin jagorancinta kuma ta kai ga yanke hukuncin Kotun Koli ta Kentucky wanda ya haifar da zartar da dokar sake fasalin ilimi ta Kentucky na 1990 wanda, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, ya sake fasalin tsarin ilimi na K-12 na jihar tare da samar da tsarin kula da makarantun gaba da sakandare.

A lokacin, gwamnonin Kentucky ba su cancanci sake zaɓe ba. Collins ta koyar a jami'o'i da dama bayan wa'adinta na shekara hudu a matsayin gwamna. Daga 1990 zuwa 1996, ta kasance shugabar Kwalejin St. Catharine kusa da Springfield, Kentucky. Hukuncin da aka yanke wa mijin Collins, Dokta Bill Collins a shekara ta 1993, a cikin wani abin kunya na cin hanci da rashawa, ya lalata mata fatan komawa fagen siyasa. Kafin a yanke wa maigidanta hukuncin, an yi ta rade-radin cewa za ta kasance ‘yar takarar Majalisar Dattawan Amurka, ko kuma za ta dauki matsayi a gwamnatin Shugaba Bill Clinton. Daga 1998 zuwa 2012, Collins ya yi aiki a matsayin babban malami a cikin zama a Kwalejin Georgetown.
## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Martha Layne Hall a Disamba 7, 1936, a Bagdad, Kentucky, ɗa tilo na Everett da Mary (Taylor) Hall. Lokacin da take aji shida, danginta sun ƙaura zuwa Shelbyville, Kentucky, kuma suka buɗe Gidan Jana'izar Hall-Taylor, tare da mahaifinta yana aiki a matsayin darektan jana'izar. Martha ta shiga cikin ayyuka da yawa na kari a makaranta da kuma a cocin Baptist na gida. Iyayenta sun kasance masu himma a cikin harkokin siyasa na gida, suna aiki don yakin neman zabe na 'yan takarar Democrat da yawa, kuma Hall akai-akai suna shiga su, suna cusa ambulan tare da isar da ƙasidu gida-gida.Bean, "

Hall ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Shelbyville, inda ta kasance ƙwararren ɗalibi kuma mai fara'a. Ta yawaita yin gasa a gasar kyaututtuka kuma ta sami taken Shelby County Tobacco Festival Sarauniya a 1954. Bayan makarantar sakandare, Hall ta yi rajista a Kwalejin Lindenwood, sannan kwalejin mata duka a Saint Charles, Missouri. Bayan shekara guda a Lindenwood, ta koma Jami'ar Kentucky a Lexington. Ta kasance mai himma a cikin kulake da yawa, ciki har da Chi Omega social sorority, Baptist Student Union, da kulab din tattalin arziki na gida, sannan kuma ita ce shugabar dakin kwananta kuma mataimakin shugaban majalisar shugabannin gida.
## Mutuwa
Collins ta mutu a cikin barcinta a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 2025, da ƙarfe 3:00 na safe a Richmond Place Retirement Community a Lexington, Kentucky. Ta kasance 88.A ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2025, Gwamnan Kentucky Andy Beshear ya ba da umarnin tutoci a gine-ginen ofishin gwamnati da ke Kentucky da su tashi a rabin ma'aikata don girmama Collins har sai faɗuwar rana a ranar da ta shiga.Sakamakon aikin gine-gine na shekaru da yawa a Kentucky State Capitol, Collins zai kwanta a jihar a Old State Capitol ranar Lahadi, Nuwamba 9, 2025.Bayan haka an gudanar da jana'izar ta a Tsohon Jihar Capitol a wannan rana, dangi, abokan aiki da tsoffin shugabannin Kentucky a matsayin Gwamna Andy Beshear, Laftanar Gwamna Jacqueline Coleman, tsohuwar Sakatariyar Gwamnati Alison Lundergan Grimes da Collins 'tsohon Sakataren Majalisar Larry Hayes suna cikin wadanda suka halarta. A ranar 10 ga Nuwamba, 2025, an binne Collins a makabartar Frankfort.

## Manazarta