The Mortal Storm

**Mortal Storm fim** na wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka na 1940 wanda Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer ya samar. Frank Borzage da taurari Margaret Sullavan da James Stewart ne suka ba da umarnin. Fim din ya nuna tasirin da aka yi wa Jamusawa bayan Hitler ya zama shugaban Jamus kuma ya sami iko mara iyaka. Masu goyon baya sun hada da Robert Young, Robert Stack, Frank Morgan, Dan Dailey, Ward Bond da Maria Ouspenskaya.

Shekara guda bayan fitowar fim din, Stewart ya fara aiki a cikin Sojojin Sama na Amurka a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu .

## Makirci
A cikin tsaunuka na Jamus kusa da iyakar Austriya a ranar 30 ga Janairu, 1933, Farfesa Viktor Roth, fitaccen farfesa "ba Aryan" wanda ɗalibansa ke bauta masa, ya yi bikin cika shekaru 60 da haihuwa. Iyalinsa sun hada da matarsa Amelie, 'yarsa Freya, ƙaramin ɗansa Rudi da' yan uwansa Erich da Otto von Rohn. Ɗalibinsa ya gaishe shi da tafi da kuma kyautar da Martin Breitne da Fritz Marberg suka gabatar. Farfesa yana alfahari da "haƙuri da jin dadi" na iyalinsa.

[3] zato ba tsammani, komai ya canza. Mahaifiyar ta kawo labarai masu ban mamaki: Adolf Hitler ya zama shugaban Jamus. Sauraron rediyo. Amelie ta damu game da abin da zai faru da masu tunani masu 'yanci da wadanda ba 'yan Aryanci ba. Matasan da suka yi farin ciki sun tafi taron, amma Martin ya yi jinkiri.

Martin, Fritz da Freya sun hadu a wani masauki, inda wata kungiya ta tsananta wa Farfesa Werner saboda rashin raira waƙa tare da "Horst Wessel Song". Martin ya tsoma baki kuma masu zalunci sun ba da damar Werner ya tafi. Fritz ya ba Martin wani ultimatum: shiga jam'iyyar ko a shafe shi tare da wasu "mai zaman lafiya", amma Martin ya ki. A waje, ƙungiyar tana doke Werner. A kan jirgin kasa zuwa gida, Fritz ya soki Freya saboda halin da bai dace da 'yar "ba Aryan ba".

Farfesa Roth ya ki koyar da koyarwar tsarkakar launin fata, kuma an kaurace wa darussansa. Dalibai, wadanda yanzu duk suna cikin tufafi, sun taru don ƙone littattafan da aka haramta.

Lokacin da Martin ya kawo Freya gida, ƙungiyar da ke jiran ta kai masa hari. Misis Roth ta shiga tsakani, tana gargadi 'ya'yanta maza, wadanda suka fice daga gidansu. Makonni bayan haka, Freya ta zo gonar dutsen Martin. Tana son ya sadu da abokansu a gidan baƙi. Ya furta ƙaunarta. Farfesa Werner ya bayyana, yana rokon taimako saboda nan ba da daɗewa ba za a kama shi. A wannan dare, Martin ya kai shi kan kankara ta hanyar sirri zuwa Austria yayin da mata suka yi nasarar tsayayya da yunkurin 'yan sanda na tsoratar da su.

An kama Farfesa Roth kuma Freya ta roƙi Fritz ya san inda aka kai farfesa. Fritz ya shirya wani ɗan gajeren taro tsakanin Viktor da matarsa a sansanin fursuna inda aka ɗaure shi. Viktor ya bukaci ta ta bar kasar tare da Freya da Rudi.

Otto ya dawo gida da labarai cewa farfesa ya mutu, ana zaton daga ciwon zuciya, amma Freya ya yi imanin cewa an kashe shi.

A kan iyaka, an tsare Freya saboda dauke da rubutun mahaifinta da ba a buga ba. Mahaifiyar Martin ta rubuta ta gaya mata cewa yana jiran gona don kai ta Austria. Suna shan daga kofin amarya, tare da albarkar Hilda. A wani wuri, Nazis sun doke Elsa har sai da ta bayyana wucewa. Wani jami'in Gestapo da ke gwada amincin Fritz ya sanya shi shugaban masu sintiri. Fritz ya umarce su da su harbe wuta. Freya ya mutu a hannun Martin a Austria.

A gidan Roths, Fritz ya gaya wa Erich da Otto game da mutuwar Freya kuma ya gudu, yana kuka "Aikin ni ne!" Erich ya yi fushi cewa Martin yana da 'yanci kuma ya fita daga gidan. Kafin Otto ya tafi, ya tuna a zuciyarsa wasu tattaunawar da suka faru a can - wasu, kalmomin mahaifinsa. A kan kiɗa na sama, wani mutum ya ce: "Na ce wa mutumin da ya tsaya a ƙofar, ka ba ni haske wanda zan iya tafiya lafiya cikin abin da ba a sani ba. Kuma ya amsa, ka fita cikin duhu kuma ka sanya hannunka a hannun Allah. Wannan zai zama a gare ku fiye da haske, kuma ya fi aminci fiye da hanyar da aka sani".

## Rarrabawar
Margaret Sullavan a matsayin Freya Roth
James Stewart a matsayin Martin Breitner
Robert Young a matsayin Fritz Marberg
Frank Morgan a matsayin Farfesa Viktor Roth
Robert Stack a matsayin Otto von Rohn
Bonita Granville a matsayin Elsa
Irene Rich a matsayin Amelie Roth
William T. Orr a matsayin Erich von Rohn
Maria Ouspenskaya a matsayin Hilda Breitner
Gene Reynolds a matsayin Rudi Roth
Ward Bond a matsayin Franz
Russell Hicks a matsayin Rector na Jami'ar
William Edmunds a matsayin Lehman, Jami'ar Doorman
Esther Dale a matsayin Marta, Macewar Roth
Dan Dailey a matsayin Hal ko Holl, Shugaban Jam'iyyar Matasa (wanda aka sani da Dan Dailey, Jr.)
Granville Bates a matsayin Farfesa Berg
Fitarwa
Fim din samo asali ne daga littafin 1937 The Mortal Storm na marubucin Burtaniya Phyllis Bottome, wanda ya koma Austria a 1924 lokacin da aka sanya mijinta Alban Ernan Forbes Dennis a can. Dennis ya kasance jami'in diflomasiyyar Burtaniya kuma shugaban tashar MI6 tare da alhakin Austria, Hungary da Yugoslavia. A shekara ta 1930, ta koma Munich. Ta ga hauhawar fascism, hauhawar ikon jam'iyyar Nazi da kuma sauyawar Nazi Jamus.

Rubutun fim din bambanta sosai daga labarin da aka fada a cikin littafin, amma Bottome ya ji cewa fim din ya riƙe ainihin littafin. Koyaya, Bottome ya rubuta: "Abin da yake ya zama Nazi an nuna shi da gaskiya da kuma kama da rayuwa, amma a cikin yanayin tsakanin farfesa Bayahude da ɗansa, Rudi, akwai raguwar ƙarfin zuciya. Wadanda suka saba da ma'anar mahaifin na Bayahude mai kyau za su rasa cikakken muhimmancinsa a cikin fim ɗin saboda mahimmancin ra'ayin ya rufe shi da kalmomi marasa mahimmanci. "

The Mortal Storm na ɗaya daga cikin fina-finai kalilan na Hollywood masu adawa da Nazi da aka fitar kafin shigar Amurka cikin Yaƙin Duniya na II a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1941. Halin Freya Roth 'yar mahaifiyar Junker ce kuma mahaifin "ba Aryan ba". An nuna cewa Freya, mahaifinta da Rudi Yahudawa ne, amma ba a taɓa amfani da kalmar "Yahudawa" a zahiri ba, kuma an gano su a matsayin "ba 'yan Aryanci ba". Koyaya, a wurin da matarsa ta ziyarci Farfesa Roth a sansanin fursuna, hannayen rigarsa ta bear babban harafin J (watakila don wakiltar Yellow Star of David wanda Nazi suka tilasta wa Yahudawa su sa a kan tufafinsu). Erich da Otto von Rohn ba "ba 'yan Aryan ba ne", amma dole ne su ji tsoron laifi ta hanyar tarayya. Fim din ya fusata gwamnatin Nazi; a sakamakon haka, an dakatar da dukkan fina-finai na MGM a Jamus.

[6] yi fim din dusar ƙanƙara a Salt Lake City, Utah da Sun Valley, Idaho .

[8] [7] mawaki mai suna Bronislau Kaper da Eugene Zador suka samu lambar yabo an ba da shi ga sunan Edward Kane. MGM ta biya $ 250 don haƙƙin "Horst Wessel Song" don amfani a fim din 1938 Three Comrades . Koyaya, tare da yakin duniya na biyu da ke gudana a cikin 1940, mai wallafa Jamusanci ya bukaci amincewar rubutun don dawo da amfani da waƙar. MGM ta yi watsi da bukatar, kuma ta sa Zador kawai ya shirya "Horst Wessel Lied" tare da kalmomin Ingilishi na Earl Brent. Harshen Turanci na waƙar an kira shi "Close Up The Ranks".

Fim din ya kammala da wani sashi daga waka "The Gate of the Year", wanda Sarki George VI ya yi shahara lokacin da ya nakalto shi a lokacin watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo na Kirsimeti na 1939.

The Mortal Storm shine fim na karshe wanda Margaret Sullavan da James Stewart suka bayyana tare.

## Karɓar baƙi
[10][9]Bosley Crowther na The New York Times ya kira The Mortal Storm "ya ba da umarni sosai kuma ya yi aiki ... wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa, wanda aka fitar da shi daga cikin bala'i mafi zurfi, wanda ke ta'aziyya a wannan lokacin kawai a cikin fallasa jaruntaka mai ƙarfi. " [1] Howard Barnes' review a cikin New York Herald Tribune ya koka cewa Turai tana cikin yaki a lokacin da aka saki fim din: "Kadanin shekara guda da ta gabata, zai kasance da ya fi tasiri da tasiri da motsin rai fiye da haka yake da shi a wannan lokacin. [2]

[12][11][2] bita a cikin Variety ya ce: "Ba na farko ba ne daga cikin hotunan masu adawa da Nazi, amma shine mafi kyawun fim ɗin da aka fallasa har zuwa yau game da ra'ayin mulkin kama karya, wani zargi mai banƙyama game da ka'idodin siyasa da zamantakewa da Hitler ya gabatar. ... Ayyuka suna da kyau sosai. Rahoton Harrison ya rubuta: "Wannan shine mafi ƙarfin hoto mai tsananin da aka nunawa ta hanyar John mai tsanancin gaske, za a nuna shi".

The Mortal Storm kasance na goma a cikin Film Daily's karshen shekara-shekara poll na kasa da kasa na 546 masu sukar suna kiran mafi kyawun fina-finai na 1940.

Fim din yana  sabon darajar 100% a kan Rotten Tomatoes bisa ga sake dubawa 11.

## Rubuce-rubuce

## Manazarta