Funaná

***Funaná***  nau'in kiɗa ne da rawa daga Cape Verde . *Funaná* kiɗa ne da aka yi da accordion. ***Ferrinho*** yawanci yana samar da wannan salon kamar amfani da allon wanka a cikin zydeco, sawa a cikin kiɗan ripsaw na Caribbean., mai gogewa a cikin kiɗan Afirka na kudu da hamadar Sahara  da kuma güiro a cikin waƙoƙin Latin da Pre-Columbian  .

## Halaye
A matsayin nau'in kiɗa, ana siffanta *funaná* da kasancewa da yanayin motsi mai canzawa, daga *vivace* zuwa *andante*, da kuma salon bugun 2-beat. *Funaná* yana kuma da alaƙa da accordion, mafi daidai da diatonic accordion, wanda aka fi sani da ***gaita*** a Cape Verde. Wannan yana tasiri ga fannoni da yawa na kiɗa waɗanda ke siffanta *funaná*, kamar gaskiyar cewa, a cikin sigarsa ta gargajiya, funaná yana amfani da sikelin diatonic kawai,  ba na chromatic ba.

Tsarin waƙar *funaná* ba ta bambanta sosai da tsarin sauran nau'ikan kiɗa a Cape Verde ba, wato, ainihin waƙar an tsara ta ne ta hanyar jerin manyan waƙoƙi waɗanda ke canzawa da waƙa . Babban bambanci shine tsakanin waƙoƙi daban-daban da waƙa akwai waƙa da ake bugawa da ita a kan accordion.  Waƙar gabaɗaya ba ta da tsari .

Ana yin rakiyar da hannun hagu a kan accordion, yana ba da bass da chords . Ana buga samfurin rhythmic akan *ferinho* . 

Layin waƙar *funaná* ya bambanta sosai a cikin waƙoƙin, tare da jerin waƙoƙin hawa da sauka da yawa. Mawakan *funaná* wani lokacin suna amfani da dabarar *sforzando* a wasu waƙoƙin, musamman idan sun yi tsayi (kwaikwayon accordion?).

Kalmomin *funaná* gabaɗaya suna magana ne game da yanayi na yau da kullun, suna ambaton baƙin ciki da farin cikin rayuwar yau da kullun, amma kuma suna magana ne game da sukar zamantakewa, tunani game da rayuwa da yanayi mai ban sha'awa. Duk da haka, mawakan kwanan nan sun faɗaɗa jigogi. Wani halayyar *funaná* ita ce ba a yi waƙoƙin kai tsaye ba, amma galibi suna amfani da zaren magana, karin magana da kuma shahararrun maganganu. Misali:

Wannan yana buƙatar sanin al'adu da yare masu kyau, shi ya sa waƙoƙin da aka yi kwanan nan, waƙoƙi daga matasa marubuta ko waƙoƙi daga marubuta waɗanda ba su da alaƙa da al'adun gargajiya ba koyaushe suke amfani da wannan dabarar waƙa ba.

Game da kayan kida, a cikin sigar gargajiya, *funaná* yana amfani da accordion da *ferrinho* ne kawai. Tare da salo da lantarki, ana amfani da wasu kayan kida: ana yin rawar da *ferrinho* ya bayar akan saitin ganga tare da sauran kayan kida na busa ( shaker ko cabasa ); ana maye gurbin bass/rakiban da aka kunna akan accordion da guitar bass da guitar na lantarki ; ana maye gurbin waƙar da aka kunna akan accordion da synthesizer . A ƙarshen shekarun 90, akwai wani farfaɗowa inda ake neman wasan kwaikwayo na acoustic da aka cire, wanda aka mayar da kayan kida na lantarki don fifita accordions da *ferrinhos* na gaske.

## A matsayin rawa
A matsayin rawa, *funaná* rawa ce ta ma'aurata, inda abokan hulɗar ke rungumar juna da hannu ɗaya yayin da ɗayan hannun kuma suke riƙe da hannuwa tare. Ana yin rawa ta hanyar juyawar sauri da ƙarfi na kowace gwiwa, wanda ke nuna bugun da ke cikin kida. A cikin rawa ta karkara, jikin yana ɗan karkata zuwa gaba (yana da alaƙa da kafada), kuma ƙafafuwa suna ɗagawa daga ƙasa. A cikin rawa ta birni, mafi salo, jikin yana tsaye (yana da alaƙa da ƙirji), kuma ƙafafun suna jan ƙasa.

## Tarihi
*Funaná* wani nau'in kiɗa ne na baya-bayan nan. A cewar al'adar baki,   *funaná* ya bayyana lokacin da, a yunƙurin haɗa accordion, an gabatar da accordion a tsibirin Santiago a farkon ƙarni na 20, domin jama'a su koyi nau'ikan kiɗan Portugal. Sakamakon, duk da haka, zai bambanta gaba ɗaya: zai zama ƙirƙirar sabon nau'in kiɗa na gaske. Duk da haka, babu takardu na kiɗa don tabbatar da hakan. Duk da haka, har yanzu abin mamaki ne cewa, ko da yake nau'in kiɗan daban ne, amfani da accordion da ferrinho a cikin *funaná* yayi kama da amfani da accordion da triangle a cikin wasu nau'ikan kiɗan gargajiya na Portugal ( malhão, corridinho, vira, da sauransu)

Wasu majiyoyi, waɗanda kuma daga al'adar baki ne,  sun gano wani asali. Sun sanya asalin *funaná* a cikin ƙaruwar shigo da accordion a matsayin madadin organs don kunna kiɗan addini. Da a lokacin *funaná* ya bayyana a matsayin daidaitawa ga accordion na wasu nau'ikan kiɗan da ke cikin zamani a lokacin.

Sunan " *funaná* " da kanta kwanan nan ne,  kuma wataƙila ya samo asali ne daga shekarun 60 da 70. Ga wasu, kalmar ta samo asali ne daga kalmar Portugal " *fungagá* ". Ga wasu kuma sunan ya fito ne daga haɗakar sunayen manyan 'yan wasa biyu, ɗaya na accordion ɗayan kuma na *ferrinho*, mai suna **Funa** da **Naná** . Tsoffin kalmomin da ake amfani da su wajen sanya wa *funaná*  sune " *fuc-fuc* " da " *badju l' gaita* ".

Da farko dai wani nau'in kiɗa ne na Santiago kawai, na dogon lokaci an mayar da *shi* zuwa yanayin karkara da/ko kuma ga waɗanda ba a fi so ba a zamantakewa. Har ma an haramta shi a babban birnin, inda *safe* ne ke da hali mafi daraja da daraja.

Amma a shekarun 1970, kuma galibi bayan samun 'yancin kai, akwai kasidu na farfaɗo da wasu nau'ikan kiɗa, daga cikinsu akwai *funaná* . Akidar gurguzu bayan samun 'yancin kai, tare da gwagwarmayarta da bambance-bambancen azuzuwan zamantakewa, ta kasance filin da ya dace don sake haifar da *funaná* .  Waɗannan kasidu ba su yi nasara ba galibi saboda " *funaná* ba zai iya fita daga *[[coladeira]]* ba"  .

Ya zama dole a jira shekarun 1980 domin ƙungiyar Bulimundo da kuma musamman mai ba ta shawara Carlos Alberto Martins (wanda aka fi sani da Catchas ) su farfaɗo da *funaná* .  Lokacin da Catchas ya je "sha" kai tsaye zuwa ga tushen (tsibirin Santiago na ciki), ya sami ilimin jazz da kiɗan gargajiya .  don ƙirƙirar sabon salon buga *funaná*, jingina da kayan aikin lantarki da na lantarki,  wanda zai rinjayi kusan dukkan masu fasaha daga yanzu. Godiya ga nasarar Bulimundo, an fitar da *funaná* zuwa dukkan tsibiran Cape Verde. A yau, ba a sake ganin *funaná* a matsayin nau'in kiɗan da aka samo daga Santiago ba, wanda mutane daga dukkan tsibiran ke rerawa, suna yin wasa kuma suna yaba shi. 

Idan shekarun 80 sun kasance shekarun yaɗuwar *funaná* a cikin Cape Verde, shekarun 90 sune shekarun da aka fara samun haɗin kai a duniya.  Ƙungiyar Finaçon, wadda aka haifa daga ɓangaren ƙungiyar Bulimundo, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka ɗauki nauyin wannan nau'in a duniya, godiya ga kwangila da wani sanannen kamfanin rikodin ƙasashen waje.  Ba wai kawai *funaná* ta shahara a duniya ba, har ma ƙungiyoyin kiɗa a ƙasashen waje suna yin ta, kasancewar ƙungiyoyin Cape Verde ko a'a.

Game da dabarun kiɗa, babu manyan sabbin abubuwa da aka ƙirƙira a cikin "salon Catchás", wataƙila wataƙila kawai game da kayan kida (an bincika yuwuwar kayan kida na lantarki). Hakanan za mu iya lura, a wannan lokacin, yawan tallatawa da hana *funan* . Misali, a cikin wani takamaiman shekara, an yi yunƙurin bayyana *funaná* a Faransa . Wannan yunƙurin bai yi nasara ba saboda an sayar da *funaná* a matsayin wani nau'in "waƙar bazara mai ban sha'awa" (bayan lambada ), kuma ba a bincika takamaiman abubuwan da suka shafi kiɗan gargajiya na *funaná* ba.

A ƙarshen shekarun 1990, za mu iya taimakawa wajen komawa ga asalin,  inda ƙungiyoyin suka fi son yin wasa da accordions da *ferrinhos* na gaske (wani lokacin ana ƙara bass, saitin ganguna da/ko guitar). Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin wannan sabon salo shine ƙungiyar Ferro Gaita .

## Nau'ikan
*Funaná* yana da nau'ikan iri-iri,  ba dukkansu aka sani ba kuma ba dukkansu aka san su da ainihin sunansa ba. Ga bayanin wasu:

### ''Funana kaminhu di férru''
Wannan shine nau'in *funaná* da aka fi sani. Gabaɗaya idan aka yi amfani da kalmar " *funaná* " kaɗai, tana nufin wannan nau'in wanda shine mafi nasara, musamman a rawa. Wani nau'in ne wanda ke tunatar da tafiya amma yana da yanayin *rayuwa* .

### ''Funana maxixi''
Sunan wannan nau'in wataƙila ya fito ne daga nau'in *maxixe* na kiɗa wanda a da yake shahara a Cape Verde. Wani nau'in kiɗa ne wanda yayi kama da na baya, amma yana da yanayin *allegro* .

### ''Funana samba''
Duk da sunan, wannan nau'in ba shi da wata alaƙa da nau'in samba na Brazil na yanzu. Da alama an daidaita *lundum* zuwa dabarun accordion. Sautin yana da jinkiri  ( *andante* ) kuma sautin ya bambanta da sauran nau'ikan, yana kama da *toada* .

### ''Funana morna''
A zahiri, ba a san shi da wannan suna ba, an fi saninsa da funaná mai jinkirin gudu . Da alama dai an daidaita morna zuwa dabarun accordion, tare da tempo na andante. Duk da cewa a cikin dogon lokaci morna ne ( badju di viulinu ) ya sami wasu daraja a cikin mahallin birane da ɗakunan rawa masu daraja, a cikin yanayin karkara an haɓaka sigar funaná mai jinkirin gudu ( badju di gaita ) a cikin sabani. Abin mamaki, wannan nau'in yana da irin wannan tempo kamar Boa Vista morna ba Brava morna ba.

## Misalai na ''funanas''
 

* *Funana kaminhu di férru*
** "Djonsinho Cabral", na gargajiya Os Tubarões ne ya yi a cikin kundin *Djonsinho Cabral* (Ed. Os Tubarões, Ref. T-003 — 1978)
** "Sant'Antoni la Belêm", na gargajiya Bulimundo ya rera a cikin kundin wakokin *Batuco* (Ed. Black Power Records, Rotterdam, Ref. Lp 2233 — 1981)
** "Si manera" daga Zeca di Nha Reinalda Finaçon ya yi a cikin kundin *Funaná* (Ed. Mélodie, Paris - 1990)
** "Matrialistas" daga Kino Cabral Kino Cabral ya yi waƙar a cikin kundin waƙoƙin *?* (Ed. Kino Cabral, ? - 1992)
** "Moças di Mangui" daga Eduíno, Chando Graciosa da Bitori Nha Bibinha Ferro Gaita ya yi a cikin kundin *Fundu Baxu* (Ed. ?, ? - 1997)
* *Funana maxixi*
** "Canta cu alma sem ser magoado" daga Pedro Rodrigues Bana ya rera wakokinsa a cikin kundin wakokin *Bana* (Ed. Discos Monte Cara, — 19??)
** "Pomba" daga Code di Dona Code di Dona ne ya yi a cikin kundin *Code di Dona* (Ed. Globe Music, ? - 1997)
** "Nôs cultura" daga Eduíno Ferro Gaita ya yi a cikin kundin *Bandêra Liberdadi* (Ed. ?, ? - 2003)
** "Puxim Semedo" daga Kaká di Lina da Eduíno Eduíno e Petcha ne ya yi a cikin kundi na *Terra Terra Vol.* *1* (Ed. ?, ? - 2007)
* *Funana samba*
** "Djentis d'aságua" daga Zezé di Nha Reinalda Zezé di Nha Reinalda ne ya yi a cikin albam *Djentis d'aságua* (Ed. ICL, Praia — 198?)
** "Fomi 47" daga Code di Dona Finaçon ya rera a cikin kundin *Rabecindadi* (Ed. ?, Lisbon — 1987)
** "Codjeta" daga Kaka Barbosa Simentera ya yi a cikin kundi *Raiz* (Ed. Mélodie, Paris - 1992)
* *Sannu* a hankali
** "Sema Lopi" daga Sema Lopi Bulimundo ya yi a cikin kundin *Bulimundo* (Ed. Black Power Records, Rotterdam, Ref. LP 1943 - 1980; Reed. Sons d'África, Lisbon - 2005)
** "Pombinha Mansa" daga ? Bulimundo ya rera a cikin kundin wakokin *Batuco* (Ed. Black Power Records, Rotterdam, Ref. Lp 2233 — 1981)
** "Kortel di rabidanti" from Kaka Barbosa Zeca & Zezé di Nha Reinalda ne suka yi a cikin kundin *Konbersu'l tristi, korbu nha xintidu* (Ed. ?, Lisbon — 1983)
** "Li qu' ê nha tchon" daga Pedro Rodrigues Os Tubarões ne ya yi a cikin kundi na *Bote, broce e linha* (Ed. ?, ? - 1990)

## Gado

Otal-otal na RIU sun buɗe ɗaya daga cikin wuraren shakatawa na farko da gidajen zama a yammacin Santa Maria a kudu maso yammacin tsibirin Sal mai suna Riu Funaná saboda nau'in kiɗan.

Kowace shekara, ana bayar da kyautar mafi kyawun funaná a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Cabo Verde Music Awards tun lokacin da aka fara buga shi a shekarar 2011.

## Manazarta