Hukumar Kula da Ruwa ta Malaysia

**Hukumar Kula da Ruwa ta Malay** (Abbre..; **MMEA**; Malay:  - *APMM*; Jawi: ا__wol____wol____wol__ Vڠواتكواس ماريتيم مليسيا); wanda aka fi sani da Malaysia Coast Guard don ganewa ta duniya,  ita ce kungiyar mai tsaron bakin teku ta Malaysia, kuma babbar hukumar gwamnati da ke da alhakin daidaita doka da oda, da ayyukan bincike da ceto a cikin Malaysian Maritime Zone da kuma a kan manyan tekuna. 

Hukumar da membobinta suna cikin Hukumar Jama'a ta Tarayyar Malaysia kuma suna ba da rahoto kai tsaye ga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida. MMEA duk da haka, ana iya haɗa shi a ƙarƙashin umurnin Sojojin Malaysia a lokacin gaggawa, rikici na musamman, ko lokacin yaƙi.

Hukumar tana da alaƙa ta kusa da Amurka Coast Guard (USCG)  da Japan Coast Guard (JCG).  

## Tarihi

Tarihin Hukumar Kula da Ruwa ta Malaysia (MMEA) ya fara ne da rahoton kan 'Binciken yiwuwar Kafawar Tsaro ta Malaysia' wanda Majalisar Tsaro ta Kasa, Sashen Firayim Minista ta gudanar a ranar 21 ga Afrilu 1999.

Binciken rahoton da Majalisar dokokin Malaysia ta amince da shi kuma a ranar 16 ga Afrilu 2003, an kirkiro kungiyar Nucleus Team karkashin jagorancin Datuk Abu Talib Haji Harun, tare da manufar shirya kirkirar Hukumar. An kafa hukumar ne a hukumance tare da aiwatar da Dokar Hukumar Kula da Ruwa ta Malaysia ta 2004 (Dokar 633) ta majalisar dokokin Malaysia a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2004. Daga baya, Dokar ta sami Royal Assent daga Yang Di Pertuan Agong a ranar 25 ga Yuni 2004 kuma an buga shi a ranar 1 ga Yuli na wannan shekarar. A ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 2005, Dokar ta fara aiki.

An gabatar da Hukumar ga jama'a a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 2005 ta Mataimakin Firayim Minista na lokacin, Dato 'Seri Najib Razak kuma ya sami matsayi na aiki a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 2005 tare da fara sintiri ta jiragen MMEA.

A ranar 21 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2006, Mataimakin Firayim Minista ya kaddamar da MMEA a hukumance a matsayin wani bangare na hukumar gwamnatin Malaysia.

### An sake ba da shi a matsayin mai tsaron bakin teku na Malaysia
A ranar 28 ga Afrilu 2017, an sake sanya sunan MMEA a hukumance zuwa 'Malaysia Coast Guard' don ganewa ta duniya. Sabbin jiragen ruwa da ake isar da su zuwa sabis ɗin, gami da New Generation Patrol Craft (NGPC) za su nuna wannan sabon sunan a kan liveries ɗin su. Koyaya sunan 'Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency' za a riƙe shi a halin yanzu don dalilai na aiki.

### An sake sanya shi a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida
A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2018, a karkashin sabuwar gwamnatin Malaysia, an shirya a hada MMEA zuwa Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida.  A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2018, a karkashin kasafin kudin Malaysia na shekara ta 2019, an kammala shawarar.

## Ayyuka da alhakin

# Tilasta doka da oda a karkashin kowane dokar tarayya a cikin Yankin Ruwa na Malaysia
# Yin ayyukan bincike da ceto na teku a yankin Tekun Malaysia da kuma manyan teku
# Rigakafi da kuma hana aikata laifuka a yankin Tekun Malaysia
# Bayar da taimako a duk wani al'amari na laifi bisa buƙatar ƙasashen waje kamar yadda aka bayar a ƙarƙashin 'Dokar Taimako ta Mutuwa a cikin Batutuwan Laifuka 2002' (Dokar 621) 
# Gudanar da iska da sa ido kan tekun
# Kafawa da gudanar da cibiyoyin teku don horar da jami'an hukumar
# Don yin kowane aiki don tabbatar da wadata da tsaro na teku ko yin duk abubuwan da ba su dace ba
# A manyan tekuna: Yi ayyukan bincike da ceto na teku Kula da hana gurɓataccen teku a cikin manyan tekuna Rigakafi da hana fashi Rigakafi rarraba miyagun ƙwayoyi ba bisa ka'ida ba
#* Yi ayyukan bincike da ceto na teku
#* Kulawa da hana gurɓataccen teku a cikin manyan teku
#* Rigakafi da kuma hana fashi
#* Rigakafi da hana rarraba miyagun ƙwayoyi ba bisa ka'ida ba
# A lokacin yanayin gaggawa, rikici na musamman, ko yaƙi, wannan hukumar ko wani ɓangare na hukumar an sanya ta ƙarƙashin ikon Janar Kwamandan Sojojin Malaysia

## Yankin teku na Malaysia

### Ruwa na ciki da teku na yanki

* Tekun Yankin: 12 nautical miles (22 km) daga tushe&nbsp;
* Masarauta: wani ɓangare na yankin Malaysia.
* Da yake ƙarƙashin haƙƙin wucewa mara laifi ga dukkan tasoshin

### Yankin da ke kusa

* 12 nautical miles daga bakin teku kuma bai wuce fiye da 24 nm ba.
* Ikon hana ko azabtar da keta al'adu, kasafin kudi, shige da fice ko dokokin tsabta.

### Yankin tattalin arziki na musamman (EEZ)

* 200 nautical miles (370 km) daga bakin teku.&nbsp;
* Hakki mai iko akan gudanar da albarkatun zurfin teku da ginshiƙi na ruwa.
* Ikon iko game da: - gina tsibirai na wucin gadi - binciken kimiyya na ruwa - kariya da adana yanayin ruwa.
* Dangane da haƙƙin wasu Jihohi ciki har da: 'yancin kewayawa, tashi, da kuma shimfiɗa igiyoyin ruwa.

### Shelf na nahiyar

* 200 nautical miles (kilomita 370) ko  har zuwa iyakar nahiyar.
* Hakki mai iko akan gudanar da albarkatun zurfin teku amma ba ginshiƙi na ruwa ba.
* Ikon iko game da: -gina tsibirai na wucin gadi - hakowa a kan shelf na nahiyar.
* Dangane da haƙƙin wasu Jihohi ciki har da 'yancin kewayawa, tashi sama, shimfiɗa igiyoyin ruwa da raba kudaden shiga.

## Shirye-shiryen

### Darakta Janar na Hukumar Kula da Jirgin Ruwa ta Malaysia

Janar na Hukumar Kula da Jirgin Ruwa ta Malaysia wanda Yang Di Pertuan Agong (Sarki) ya nada a kan shawarar Firayim Minista a karkashin Sashe na 4 (1) na Dokar yana da alhakin jagorancin aiki, umurni, iko da sa ido na Hukumar. A fannin gudanarwa, Darakta Janar yana ba da rahoto kai tsaye ga Babban Sakataren Gwamnati. Ta hanyar ofishinsa, shi ne kuma shugaban Hukumar Kula da Jirgin Ruwa ta Malaysia. Darakta Janar yana da taimakon Mataimakin Darakta janar guda uku, kowannensu yana da alhakin Gudanarwa, Ayyuka da Daidaitawa. Matsayin yana buɗewa wanda ke ba da damar kowane farar hula, soja ko jami'in 'yan sanda da za a nada shi a matsayin. Don dalilan horo, Darakta Janar ana daukar shi a matsayin memba na babban aikin gwamnati na Tarayyar a karkashin Sashe na 4 (4).

### Jami'ai da sauran mukamai
Jami'ai da sauran mukamai na MMEA an nada su ne ta Hukumar Kula da Ayyuka Jama'a a matsayin jami'an Ma'aikatar Kula da Jirgin Ruwa a karkashin Sashe na 5 (1) na Dokar kuma ana daukar su ma'aikatan gwamnati a karkashin Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Malaysia. Har ila yau, Hukumar ta ƙunshi jami'ai da ma'aikata daga wasu ayyuka daban-daban kamar su Ayyukan Gudanarwa da na diflomasiyya, Ayyukan Shari'a da Shari'a, Ayyukan Tsarin Bayanai da sauransu. Wadannan ma'aikatan suna da hannu a cikin al'amuran gudanarwa, kudi, sayarwa, gudanar da albarkatun ɗan adam, harkokin shari'a da gurfanar da kara, da fasahar bayanai.

### Matsayi
Matsayi ga jami'ai da sauran mukamai a cikin Hukumar sun samo asali ne daga Royal Malaysian Navy. Alamar Jami'in da Warrant Officer suna kama da na takwarorinsu na sojan ruwa. Ana amfani da Chevrons don nuna matsayi na Babban Babban Jami'in da ke ƙasa.

## Dubi kuma

* Sojojin Malaysia
** Sojojin Malaysia
** Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Malaysia
** Sojojin Sama na Royal Malaysian
* 'Yan sanda na Royal Malaysia
* Sojojin Royal Johor
* Kwamandan Sojojin hadin gwiwa

## Manazarta