Florence Custance

**Florence Ada Custance** ƙwararriyar ƙungiyar kwadago ce kuma mai shirya ƙungiyoyin kwadago wadda ta taimaka wajen kafa ƙungiyoyin gurguzu da dama a Kanada, ciki har da ƙungiyar Plebs League ta gida, Kwalejin Labour ta Ontario, Jam'iyyar Socialist ta Arewacin Amurka, da kuma Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Kanada. Ta taka rawa sosai wajen haɓaka rassan ƙungiyar mata ta Labour a faɗin Kanada kuma ta gyara jaridar wata-wata ta ƙungiyar, *The Woman Worker*, wacce ta fara daga 1926 har zuwa rasuwarta a 1929.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Florence Ada Ives a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 1881, a Dartford, Kent, Ingila. Ɗaya daga cikin 'yan'uwa shida, iyayen Florence su ne John, ma'aikacin ƙarfe, da Ann Eliza Munn.  Florence ta yi horo a matsayin malamar makaranta. Ta auri George James Custance, wani kafinta, a shekarar 1909. Ma'auratan sun yi ƙaura zuwa Kanada jim kaɗan kafin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, wataƙila a shekarar 1910, suka zauna a Gabashin Toronto. A wannan lokacin ta zama memba na Jam'iyyar Gurguzu ta Arewacin Amurka.

## Tsarin Ma'aikata
Florence ta kasance mai himma a cikin da'irar gurguzu a Toronto da Kudancin Ontario a farkon shekarun ƙarni na ashirin. Tare da Bill Moriarty, Tim Bell da Maurice Spector, Custance sun taimaka wajen kafa ƙungiyar *Plebs' League* ta gida, wacce ta kasance farkon Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Kanada. Ta kuma taimaka wajen kafa Kwalejin Ma'aikata ta Ontario, inda ta koyar da darussa kan tattalin arziki da yanayin ƙasa na tattalin arziki.

## Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Kanada
Florence tana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Kanada. Ita ce kuma mace ɗaya tilo da ta halarci taron sirri a wani gidan gona na Guelph a shekarar 1921 wanda ya kafa jam'iyyar.  Ta kasance sakatariyar Ofishin Mata na jam'iyyar tsawon shekaru da yawa kuma ta yi aiki a Ƙungiyar Kare Hakkin Ma'aikata ta Kanada. An zaɓe ta a Kwamitin Zartarwa na Tsakiya na CPC a shekarar 1923, kuma ta yi aiki a Ƙungiyar Kare Hakkin Ma'aikata ta Kanada.  Jaridun gida sun ba da labarin tafiye-tafiyen Constance na ƙasashen waje da jawabai a Chicago, Jamus, da Rasha inda ta yi jawabi a tarurrukan ma'aikata.   Haka kuma RCMP ta sa ido a kanta a duk tsawon shekarun 1920.

Custance ta kasance sakatariya kuma mai magana da yawun wani asusun agaji wanda ya tara dala $100,000 don agajin yunwa a Rasha a shekarar 1921.  Ta kasance shugabar ƙungiyar abokan tarayyar Soviet ta Kanada.

## Ƙungiyar Mata ta Ma'aikata da ''Ma'aikaciyar Mata'' (1926–1929)
Custance ta kasance mai himma wajen shirya ƙungiyar mata ta masu aikin kafinta ta Kanada, kuma daga baya ta yi aiki don gano da kuma kula da rassan ƙungiyar mata ta kwadago a faɗin Kanada a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikinta na CPC. Ta kasance sakatariya ta ƙungiyar mata ta kwadago tun daga shekarar 1921 har zuwa rasuwarta a shekarar 1929 kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar ƙungiyar Toronto. A matsayin wani ɓangare na aikinta, ta ƙaddamar da mujallar The Women Worker, wata mujalla da aka yi wa kowane wata da nufin matan Kanada. Saboda ƙoƙarinta, adadin rassan ƙungiyar ya ƙaru zuwa 37 a duk faɗin ƙasar a shekarar 1927. Ma'aikaciyar Mata tana da yawan masu karatu waɗanda suka haɗa da mata masu aiki, da kuma mata masu sha'awar gurguzu da ra'ayoyin Marx. Ta hanyar wallafawa da aikinta na sakatariyar ƙungiyar, ta yi tasiri sosai a kan rassan, wasu suna jayayya fiye da yadda shugabannin CPC suka taɓa faɗa.

## Manazarta