Lucy Craft Laney

**Lucy Craft Laney** (Afrilu 13, 1854 &#x2013; Oktoba 23, 1933)  wata malama Ba'amurkiya ce wacce a cikin 1883 ta kafa makarantar farko ta yara baƙar fata a Augusta, Georgia . Ta kasance shugaba tsawon shekaru 50 na **Cibiyar Haines don Ilimin Masana'antu da Ilimin Al'ada** .

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Lucy Craft Laney kyauta a ranar 13 ga Afrilun shekara ta 1854, a Macon, Georgia, shekaru 11 kafin a soke bautar ta hanyar gyara tsarin mulki bayan ƙarshen yakin basasa . Ita ce ta bakwai cikin ’ya’ya 10 da Louisa da David Laney suka haifa, mutanen ’yantattu waɗanda dukansu suka kasance bayi. Mahaifinta ya tanadi isassun kuɗi don siyan ’yancinsa da na matarsa kusan shekaru 20 kafin haihuwar Lucy. Iyayenta duka sun kasance masu ƙarfin imani a cikin ilimi kuma suna ba da kyauta ga baƙi; wannan tarbiyyar za ta yi tasiri sosai ga Laney a rayuwarta.

A lokacin haihuwarta haramun ne a Jojiya baƙar fata su koyi karatu. Amma da taimakon Ms. Campbell, ƴar’uwar iyayenta tsohuwar masu bautar, Lucy ta koyi karatu tun tana shekara huɗu. Ta ci gaba da karatu kuma ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Lewis (daga baya Ballard) a Macon, Jojiya, makarantar mishan da Ƙungiyar Mishan ta Amurka ke gudanarwa. A shekarar 1869 ta shiga aji na farko na Jami'ar Atlanta (daga baya Jami'ar Clark Atlanta ), inda ta shirya zama malami.  Ta sauke karatu daga shirin horar da malamai na makarantar (Sashen Al'ada) a 1873. 

## Sana'ar koyarwa
Laney ta yi aiki a matsayin malami a Macon, Milledgeville, da Savannah, Jojiya na tsawon shekaru goma kafin ta yanke shawarar buɗe makarantar kanta. 

Saboda dalilai na kiwon lafiya, ta zauna a Augusta, Georgia, inda ta kafa makarantar farko ta birnin don yara baƙar fata. Ajin ta na farko a shekarar 1883 tana da ɗalibai shida, amma Laney da sauri ya jawo sha'awar al'ummar Afirka-Amurka. A ƙarshen shekara ta biyu, makarantar tana da ɗalibai 234.

Da ƙaruwar ɗalibai, ta bukaci karin kudade don gudanar da aikinta. Ta halarci taron Cocin Presbyterian na arewa a shekarar 1886 a Minneapolis, Minnesota kuma ta nemi karar ta a can, amma da farko an ƙi. Daya daga cikin mahalarta taron, Francine EH Haines, daga baya ta bayyana sha'awarta kuma ta ba da gudummawar $10,000 ga Laney don makarantar. Da wannan kuɗin, Laney ta faɗaɗa hadayunta. Ta kuma canza sunan makarantar zuwa The Haines Normal and Industrial Institute don girmama mai taimaka mata da kuma nuna manufofinta na horar da masana'antu da malamai.

A ƙarshe makarantar ta girma ta mamaye duk wani yanki na gine-gine na birni. A shekara ta 1928, a lokacin da har yanzu ilimin jama'a ya keɓe, ɗaliban makarantar sun fi ɗalibai 800.

## Haines Normal and Industrial Institute

**Haines Normal da Cibiyar Masana'antu** makaranta ce ta Ba-Amurkawa a Augusta, Jojiya wanda Lucy Craft Laney ya kafa. An ba shi suna don girmamawa ga wani mai taimako wanda ya ba da kuɗin fadada ta. An ƙara alamar tarihi zuwa wurin makaranta a cikin 2009.  Daga ƙarshe ya zama Lucy Craft Laney High School . 

Laney ya buɗe makaranta tare da ƴan ɗalibai a cikin shekara ta 1883.  Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar makarantar.  Chartered a cikin 1886, an faɗaɗa shi tare da makarantar kindergarten da ƙaramin koleji (Makarantar Ma'aikatan Jiyya ta Lamar).  Zuwa 1928, tana da ɗalibai sama da 800. Makarantar kuma ta kasance cibiyar al'umma. 

Hotunan makarantar WEB Du Bois da Thomas J. Calloway ne suka tattara don Nunin Negro na Amurka a Nunin Paris na shekara ta 1900 (Exposition universelle internationale de 1900).  A cikin 1928, an yi shawarwari don Du Bois yayi magana a makaranta. 

Kwamitin Presbyterian na Ƙasashen Waje ne ya tallafa masa. AC Griggs yayi aiki a matsayin shugaban makarantar. 

An koyar da dinki, wanki, da bugu a wani gini da ke harabar makarantar. Wata ƙungiya a makarantar ta bayyana a cikin James T. Haley 's Afro-American Encyclopaedia . 

## NAACP da sauran kungiyoyi
Yayin da yake zaune a Augusta, Laney ya shiga Niagara Movement, wanda aka kafa a 1905. Daga baya a cikin 1918 ta taimaka wajen samo babi na gida na ƙungiyar kare hakkin jama'a, Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Mutane (NAACP). Har ila yau, ta kasance mai aiki a wasu kungiyoyi don inganta jin dadin baƙar fata da mata baƙar fata: Hukumar Interracial, da Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Mata masu launi . Ta kuma taimaka wajen haɗa ayyukan al'umma da YMCA da YWCA (waɗanda ke da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na mazauna baƙi da baƙi, bi da bi). 

## Daraja da karramawa
A cikin 1974, Gwamna Jimmy Carter ya shirya rataya hotunan farko na Amurkawa na Afirka a cikin babban birnin jihar Georgia don girmama gudummawar da suka bayar: sun hada da Lucy Craft Laney, Reverend Henry McNeal Turner, da Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. A cikin 1992, an shigar da Laney cikin " Matan Nasara na Georgia ." 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Laney ta mutu a ranar 23 ga Oktoba, 1933,  kuma an binne ta a kusurwar Laney Walker Boulevard da Phillips Street, inda ta fara kafa Haines Normal and Industrial Institute. 

### Gado
An sake gina wurin binne Laney don Makarantar Sakandare ta Lucy Craft Laney, mai suna a cikin girmamawarta. Kabarinta da abin tunawa sun kasance babu damuwa.  

Sauran makarantun da aka sanya mata suna:

* Makarantar Elementary Lucy Laney a gundumar Harris, Georgia 
* Lucy Craft Laney Community School, mai hidima ga ɗaliban PK-5th a Arewacin Minneapolis, Minnesota

A cikin 2005, Ƙungiyar Tarihi ta Georgia ta kafa alamar tarihi ta Georgia ta gane Lucy Craft Laney. Alamar tana nan a gidan tarihi na Lucy Craft Laney na Tarihin Baƙar fata a Augusta, Jojiya . 

Hoton Laney an haɗa shi a cikin zanen 1945 Mata magina na William H. Johnson a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin sa na *Fighters for Freedom* .  

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Makarantar Elementary Lucy Laney alamar tarihi
* Lucy Craft Laney