Bella Hammond

**Bella Hammond** (an haife ta **Bella Gardiner,** Disamba 21, 1932 - Fabrairu 29, 2020) yar gwagwarmayar Ba'amurke ce kuma mai kamun kifi . Hammond ta yi aiki a matsayin Uwargidan Shugaban Alaska daga 1974 har zuwa 1982 a zamanin mijinta, tsohon Gwamna Jay Hammond .  Ita ce mutum ta farko daga zuriyar Alaska da ta zauna a Gidan Gwamnan Alaska . 

Hammond ya kasance babban abokin adawar shirin Pebble Mine a yankin Bristol Bay na Kudu maso Yamma Alaska . 

## Tarihin Rayuwa

### Rayuwar farko
An haifi Hammond **Bella Gardiner** a ranar 21 ga Disamba, 1932, a ƙauyen Kanakanak, Territory na Alaska, a matsayin ta huɗu na 'ya'yan danginta bakwai.   Mahaifiyarta, Lydia Snyder, ita ce Alaskan Yup'ik, yayin da mahaifinta, Thomas Gardiner, ya yi hijira zuwa Alaska daga Scotland .   Kakanin mahaifiyar Hammond Yup'ik duka sun mutu a cikin bala'in mura na 1918, wanda ya lalata al'ummomin Alaska, kuma mahaifiyarta ta girma a gidan marayu a Kanakanak. 

Hammond ya girma ne a Kanakanak, wanda ke da nisan mil shida daga Dillingham, kuma ya halarci ɗakin makarantar ɗaki ɗaya na ƙauyen. Kamun kifi wani muhimmin bangare ne na rayuwar danginta.  Lokacin da take kusan shekaru 12, malamin makaranta a Aleknagik, wanda ke fama da ciwon zuciya, ya tambayi iyayenta ko Bella zai iya yin hunturu a gidanta don kula da 'ya'yanta. Hammond ya shafe lokacin yana renon yaran malamar, wanda ta tabbatar da cewa shi ne ya haifar da hakki na farko. A lokacin hunturu na karshen mako a Aleknagik, Hammond ya gudanar da ƙungiyar sled kare .

Daga baya danginta sun ƙaura zuwa Dillingham kusa da ita, inda ta kammala karatun sakandare a matsayin ƙwararriyar aji.   Ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar likita da ma'aikaciyar jirage a wurin kutuwar Clark's Point da ke kusa a lokacin samarinta. 

Bella Hammond 'yar shekara 17 'yar makarantar sakandare ce lokacin da ta fara saduwa da Jay Hammond, matukin jirgi na Sabis na Kifi da Namun daji na Amurka, a wani rawa a Dillingham.   Shekaru biyu bayan haka, ma'auratan sun yi aure a 1952 a wani bikin a Palmer, Alaska .  Aurenta na farko ne kuma na biyu. Suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu, Heidi da Dana, ban da 'yar Jay Hammond, Wendy, daga aurensa na farko.  Sun yi renon 'ya'yansu mata biyu a Naknek, Alaska. 

A tsakiyar shekarun 1950, Bella Hammond ta kafa kamfaninta na kamun Kifi na kasuwanci, ta amfani da setnets, a bakin Kogin Naknek .  Ta raba lokacinta tsakanin Juneau da Naknek da zarar mijinta ya shiga Majalisar Wakilai ta Alaska a shekarar 1959. Ta koma Kogin Naknek da Bristol Bay a kowane bazara don ci gaba da ayyukanta na kamun kifi shekaru bayan Jay Hammond ya shiga cikin siyasar jihar.

### Uwargidan Shugaban Alaska
An zabi Jay Hammond a matsayin Gwamnan Alaska a shekara ta 1974. Bella Hammond ta zama Uwargidan Shugaban Alaska, rawar da za ta rike wa'adin gwamna biyu a ofis. Hammond shi ne 'Yan asalin Alaska na farko da ya zauna a Gidan Gwamna jihar.

Yayinda take zaune a Gidan Gwamnan Alaska, ana iya samun ta tana aiki a gonakin gidan da shimfidar wuri, inda wani lokacin ana kuskuren ta da mai kula da ƙasa. Bella Hammond ta ci gaba da komawa ayyukan kamun kifi a Bristol Bay da Kogin Naknek a kowane bazara a duk lokacin da mijinta yake aiki.  

Bella Hammond ta yi sha'awar rawar da ta taka a matsayin uwargidan shugaban kasa. A shekara ta 1975, Hammond ya kafa lambar yabo ta Mataimakin Mataimakin Shugaban kasa don sanin masu sa kai na Alaska da gudummawar sadaka ga jihar. Tun lokacin da Hammond ya kafa ta, Kyautar Mataimakin Mataimakin Shugaban kasa ta girmama daruruwan mutanen Alaska. Al'adar shekara-shekara ta ci gaba da kowane magajinta a matsayin uwargidan shugaban kasa ko mutum na farko.

An gano Hammond da ciwon nono a lokacin wa'adin gwamna na biyu.[1] Gwamnan ya yi la'akari da yin murabus daga mukamin bayan ganowar matarsa, amma Hammond ya ce a'a kuma ya ƙarfafa shi ya ci gaba da aiki.[1] Maimakon haka, Bella Hammond ta fito fili tare da bincikenta kuma ta ci gaba da rawar da ta taka a matsayin uwargidan shugaban kasa a lokacin maganin chemotherapy da sauran jiyya.[1] Hammond ya zama mai ba da shawara game da rigakafin ciwon nono, wayar da kan jama'a, da batutuwan da suka shafi kiwon lafiya.

### Rayuwa ta baya
Da zarar sun bar gidan gwamnan a 1982, Bella da Jay Hammond sun yi ritaya zuwa gidan su na katako a arewacin Tekun Clark. Gidan Hammond yana samuwa ne kawai ta jirgin ruwa ko tafiyar jirgin ruwa mai nisan kilomita 10 daga Port Alsworth .  Koyaya, duk da warewar gidansu, Hammonds sun ci gaba da shiga cikin rayuwar jama'a da siyasar jihar.a

Hammond da wasu tsoffin mata biyar na Alaska sune batutuwan shirin talabijin na KTOO-TV na 2005.  A watan Agustan shekara ta 2008, Gwamna Sarah Palin ta girmama Bella Hammond, da kuma tsoffin matan farko Neva Egan, Ermalee Hickel, Susan Knowles da Nancy Murkowski, a wani bikin hukuma da abincin rana don tunawa da shekaru 50 na jihar Alaska.

A lokacin Zaben jihar Alaska na 2012, Bella Hammond ta amince da jerin 'yan majalisa na jam'iyyun biyu da ke neman sake zaben zuwa Majalisar Dattijan Alaska.  Bella Hammond da tsohuwar Uwargidan Shugaban Alaska Ermalee Hickel sun haɗu don sake kafa "Backbone Alaska", ƙungiyar siyasa wacce tsoffin gwamnoni Jay Hammond da Wally Hickel suka kafa a 1999 don adawa da amincewar kamfanin mai da Gwamnan Tony Knowles ya yi a lokacin hadewar BP da ARCO. Bella Hammond da Ermalee Hickel's sabon Backbone Alaska sun kuma nemi magance tasirin masana'antar mai a siyasar Alaska. Tsoffin Mata na Farko sun goyi bayan Kungiyar Ma'aikata ta Majalisar Dattijai ta Alaska, wacce ta soki sake fasalin harajin mai da kuma ba da izini ga kamfanonin mai da ke aiki a Alaska tsakanin 2010 da 2012.  A cikin sanarwar manema labarai ta Oktoba 2012 don tallafawa kokarin jam'iyyun biyu a Majalisar Dattijan Alaska, Hammond da Hickel sun bayyana, "Kamar yadda aka san mazajensu da sanya Alaska na farko, mu ma, an sadaukar da mu ga wannan shugaban jagora. Yanzu, Kamfanoni masu yawa na kasashe suna kai farmaki ga waɗancan 'yan majalisa na Alaska da ke neman sake zaben wadanda suka tsayawa tare a zaman da ya gabata don kare bukatun Alaska.  Hammond da kuma Hickel tare sun goyi bayan mambobi da dama na Bipartisan Working Group wadanda ke neman sake zabartawa a shekarar 2012, ciki har da Sanatocin jihar Joe Wiele, Faransanci, Joe Wielewski, Faransci, Faranski, Farans Tallafin mata na farko ga Bipartisan Working Group ya sami goyon baya daga wasu fitattun 'yan siyasa na Alaska, ciki har da Vic Fischer .

A cikin 2017, Jami'ar Alaska Anchorage ta ba Bella Hammond lambar yabo ta Doctor of Humane Letters . 

A ranar 6 ga Satumba, 2018, Hukumar Kula da Gidajen Kasa ta ba da sunan kadada miliyan 2.6 na Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, wanda ke kusa da gidan Hammond, a matsayin Jay S. Hammond Wilderness Area. Bella Hammond da sauran dangin sun halarci bikin.

Bella Hammond ta mutu a ranar 29 ga Fabrairu, 2020, tana da shekaru 87.  Ta sami 'ya'yanta mata, Heidi da Dana, da kuma 'yarta, Wendy Hammond.

## Manazarta