Tarayyar Afrika

**Tarayyar Afirka** ko **African Union (AU)** a turance, tarayya ce da ta samo asali daga yunƙurin shugaba Hailie Selassie na ƙasar Itofiya da kuma shugaba Kwame Nkrumah na ƙasar Ghana a yunƙurinsu na haɗa ƙasashen Afirka su zama abu guda. Wannan ya biyo bayan rugujewar ƙungiyar ƙasashen Afirka mai suna (*Union of Independent African States)* wacce ta rayu tsawon shekarun da basu wuce uku zuwa huɗu ba (1958 – 1963).

Waccar ƙungiya ta haɗa ƙasashen Afirka guda uku ne kawai wanda kuma hakan ya biyo bayan kaɗa ƙuri’ar cin ‘yancin-gashin-kai da ƙasar Guinea ta yi wanda kuma ya haifar da katsewar samar da tallafin da take samu daga uwar-gijyarta Faransa wanda ya yi sanadiyar jefa ƙasar cikin mayuwacin halin tattalin arziƙi kuma hakan ta haifar da samun bashi daga ƙasar Ghana wacce ita ke da ƙarfin tattalin arziƙi a matsayin ƙasa mai ‘yancin kai a wannan lokaci.
Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya haifar da haɗuwar Nkrumah da Ahmed Seku Touré su tattauna a Conakry babban birnin Guinea don tallafawa ƙasar ta Guinea wanda kuma shi ya haifar da kafa wannan ƙungiya ta nan take kasancewa su waɗannan mutane guda biyu suna daga cikin jaruman ‘yan gwagwarmayar ƙwatar ‘yancin ƙasashen Afirka daga mulkin danniya na Turawan mulkin mallaka. Wannan ƙungiya ta haɗa ƙasashen Guinea da Ghana inda kuma daga bisani ƙasar Mali ta shiga cikinsu a Shekara 1960 dukkansu a ƙarƙashin shugabannin ƙasashen uku.

## Tarihi
Amma Oxfam International (2012) suna ganin cewa tarihin kafuwar Tarayyar Afirka (AU) da magabaciyarta ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Afirka (OAU) ya faro ne tun daga Guguwar neman haɗin kan ƙasashen Afirka mai taken “Pan-Africa” a cikin ƙarni na 21 da kuma sha’awar da shugabannin Afirka suke da ita ta haɗe ƙasashen na Afirka su zama abu guda don cin moriyar tattalin arziƙin juna da kuma taimakawa talakawan ƙashen na Afirika.

## Tutar Tarayyar Afirka
**OAU**

Bayan wancan tunani da kuma yunƙuri da waɗancan shugabanni guda biyu suka ɗauki shekaru suna yi, a taron da aka gabatar a Addis Ababa babban birnin Itofiya a ranar 25 ga watan Mayu na 1963, ƙasashe 30 daga cikin ƙasashe 32 na Afirka masu ‘yancin kai, suka rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar kafa wannan ƙungiya ta haɗin kan Afirka mai suna Organization of African Union a Turance kuma abar taƙaitawa da (OAU). Kafin shekarar ta ƙare suma sauran biyun suka rattaba nasu hannun. Sai dai daga baya a shekarar 1985 ƙasar Maroko ta fita daga wannan ƙungiya.

**OAU/AEC**

Tun wancan lokaci da aka kafa wannan ƙungiya ta ci gaba da gudanar da tarurrukanta don tattauna yadda za a kawo ci gaba mai ɗorewa a yankin Afirka. Daga cikin irin waɗannan tarurruka an gudanar da wani a jahar Lagos ta Najeriya a shekarar 1980 inda suka tattauna kan jadawalin gudanar da ayyuka. Wannan tattaunawa ta fito fili bayan da waɗannan shugabanni suka sake zama a Abuja ta Najeriya a shekarar 1991 zaman da ya kai ga ƙirƙirar Kwamatin Tattalin Arziƙin Afirka “African Economic Community (AEC)”. Tun daga shekarar 1994, Tarayyar ta kama aiki da waɗannan ƙudurori guda biyu (Yarjejeniyar farko ta 1963 da kuma yarjejeniyar Abuja ta 1991). 

## Membobin Kasashen Tarayyar Afirka
Dukkanin kasashe mambobi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ke Afirka da kuma na tsibiran Afirka membobi ne na kungiyar AU, kamar yadda jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Larabawa ta Sahrawi (SADR) da aka amince da ita. A shekarar 1984 ne kasar Maroko ta fice daga kungiyar hadin kan kasashen Afirka, sakamakon shigar da kasar a matsayin mamba a kungiyar SADR, wanda yankinta na yammacin sahara ke ikirarin samun ikon mallaka. AU ce ta sake karbar ta a matsayin mamba a ranar 30 ga Janairun 2017. Somaliland wadda Somaliya ke ikirarin cewa ta nemi shiga kungiyar ta AU a shekarar 2005.

An dakatar da Mali daga Tarayyar Afirka a ranar 19 ga Agusta 2020 bayan juyin mulkin da sojoji suka yi. A ranar 9 ga watan Oktoba na wannan shekarar ne kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ya dage dakatarwar da aka kakaba wa kasar Mali, saboda ci gaban da aka samu na komawa tafarkin dimokradiyya. An sake dakatar da kasar a ranar 1 ga Yuni 2021, bayan juyin mulkin da sojoji suka yi na biyu cikin watanni tara.

Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta kuma dakatar da zama mamban kasar Guinea a ranar 10 ga Satumbar 2021, bayan juyin mulkin da sojoji suka yi wa shugaban kasar Alpha Condé.

Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta dakatar da zama mamba a Sudan a ranar 27 ga Oktoban 2021, bayan juyin mulkin da sojoji suka hambarar da gwamnatin farar hula karkashin jagorancin Firayim Minista Abdalla Hamdok.

Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta dakatar da zama mamba a Burkina Faso sakamakon juyin mulkin da sojoji suka yi a ranar 31 ga watan Janairun 2022.

Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta dakatar da zama mamba a Nijar a ranar 22 ga watan Agustan 2023 bayan juyin mulkin da sojoji suka yi a karshen watan Yuli wanda ya hambarar da zababben shugaban kasar Mohammed Bazoum; tun daga lokacin kuma hakan ya haifar da rikicin Nijar a shekarar 2023.

Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta dakatar da zama mamba a Gabon a ranar 31 ga watan Agustan 2023 bayan juyin mulkin da sojoji suka yi wanda suka hambarar da shugaba Ali Bongo Ondimba. 

## Manazarta