open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ekpo Eyo

**Ekpo Okpo Eyo** (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Yulin shekarar 1931 - ya mutu a ranar 28 ga Mayun shekarar 2011) masanin Najeriya ne wanda aka fi sani da aikinsa a kan ilimin kimiyyar Najeriya. Ya yi aiki a fannin ilimin kimiyyar tarihi, ilimin ɗan adam, da tarihin fasaha, kuma ya kasance mai aiki sosai a cikin shekaru da yawa yana jagorantar hukumomin tarayya da na ƙasa na kayan tarihi da gidajen tarihi a Najeriya. An bayyana shi a matsayin 'doyen da kuma ma'aikata a al'adun Najeriya'  da kuma 'babban ginshiƙi [...] na gidajen tarihi na Najeriya'. 

## Tarihin rayuwa
Ya samo asali ne daga Jihar Cross River kuma bayan ya koma Jihar Legas, Eyo ya sadu da Surveyor of Antiquities a Najeriya, Kenneth Murray, wanda ya ƙarfafa shi ya bi karatu a ƙasashen waje: Eyo ya yi karatun ilimin kimiyyar tarihi da ilimin ɗan adam a Jami'ar Cambridge (BA) da ilimin kimiyyyar tarihi a Jami'an London (MA). Bayan ya koma Najeriya, ya sami digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Ibadan . Daga Shekarar 1968 zuwa Shekarar 1979, Eyo ya kasance darektan Ma'aikatar Tarihi ta Tarayya, kuma daga baya, har zuwa Shekarar 1986, darektan janar na sabuwar Hukumar Kula da Gidajen Tarihi da Tarihi ta Kasa. A cikin waɗannan mukamai, ya kula da juyin halitta na ayyukan archaeological a Najeriya, wanda ya haifar da cikakken sake kimanta al'adun prehistoric kamar Nok, Owo, ko Ife.Daga nan sai ya koma Jami'ar Maryland, College Park, inda ya kasance farfesa a fannin zane-zane da ilimin kimiyyar Afirka.

A farkon shekara ta 1980s, Eyo ta shirya baje kolin ƙasa da ƙasa kan Dukiya na Tsohon Najeriya', Landan ya nuna a karon farko kayan tarihi masu yawa na ilimin kimiyyar Najeriya ga masu sauraro na Amurka da Turai, wanda aka nuna a Detroit, San Francisco, New York, Washington DC, Calgary, Atlanta, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, da London.   Ya kasance Shugaban kungiyar PanAfrican Archaeological Association daga shekara ta 1983 zuwa Shekarar 1995.

## Daraja

* 1980 Fellow na Majalisar Gidajen Tarihi ta Duniya (ICOM) 
* 1980 Jami'in Order of the Federal Republic (OFR) , tsari na cancanta na Tarayyar Najeriya 
* 2004 Kyautar Jagorancin ACASA na Majalisar Fasaha ta Ƙungiyar Nazarin Afirka 

## Manazarta
Tashar jirgin kasa ta Petrapole

**Tashar jirgin kasa ta Petrapole** tashar jirgin kasa ce ta layin dogo na Indiya da ke cikin gundumar Parganas ta Arewa 24, West Bengal. Lambar tashar ta PTPL. Tana kusa da iyakar Indo-Bangladesh kuma tana aiki a matsayin babbar hanyar wucewa ta kan iyaka don jigilar kaya zuwa Bangladesh, tare da Benapole ta kasance takwarar layin dogo na Bangladesh.

## Tarihi
Kamfanin Bengal Central Railway Company ya gina babban layin ma'auni wanda ya haɗa Dum Dum tare da Khulna (yanzu a Bangladesh), ta Bangaon (mil 108 (kilomita 174)) wanda aka buɗe a mataki-mataki kuma an kammala shi a cikin 1884. An haɗa waɗannan layukan da Gabashin Bengal Railway a 1904.

Bayan rabuwar Indiya a cikin 1947, an ƙirƙiri tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Petrapole a matsayin tashar jirgin ƙasa a gefen Indiya yayin da tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Benapole ta zama tasha a gefen layin Bangladesh. Jirgin Barisal Express, wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin 1884, daga Sealdah zuwa Khulna ya ci gaba da rabuwa har zuwa lokacin da aka dakatar da zirga-zirgar jiragen ƙasa tsakanin ƙasashen biyu saboda yakin Indo-Pakistan na 1965. An dawo da sufurin kaya tsakanin kasashen biyu na tsawon shekaru biyu a cikin kankanin lokaci a shekarar 1972 amma an sake rufe su saboda karancin kayayyaki. Indiya da Bangladesh sun rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya a cikin Yuli 2000 don ci gaba da ayyukan sufurin kaya kuma jirgin farko na jigilar kaya ya bi ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa a ranar 21 ga Janairu 2001.

## Ayyuka
Petrapole yana aiki a matsayin babbar hanyar jigilar kayayyaki daga Indiya zuwa Bangladesh. Yana haɗa kai tsaye zuwa tashar tashar ƙasa ta Benapole, tashar tashar ƙasa mafi girma a Bangladesh wacce ke da alhakin kashi 90% na kayan Indiya da aka shigo da su Bangladesh.

Yayin da aka fara gudanar da zirga-zirgar ababen hawa kawai, ya zama shingen binciken kan iyaka ga fasinjoji bayan da aka gabatar da Bandhan Express akan wannan layin a watan Nuwamba 2017. Sabis ne na mako-mako wanda ke bin tsohuwar hanyar Barisal Express sai dai yana da tashar tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Kolkata maimakon tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Sealdah.

## Manazarta
Kotun Koli ta kasar Marquette

**Gidan Kotun kasar Marquette** ginin gwamnati ne da ke 234 West Baraga Ave a Marquette, Michigan. Ya ƙaddamar da Gidan Tarihi na Jihar Michigan a cikin 1976 kuma an jera shi a cikin National Register of Places Historic Places a 1978. Kotun ita ce saitin fim ɗin 1959 Anatomy of Murder, wanda Otto Preminger ya jagoranta.

## Tarihi
A cikin 1857, an gina gidan kotun Marquette County na farko, tsarin Farfaɗo na Girki na katako, akan wannan rukunin. A farkon karni, wannan tsarin bai isa ba. A shekara ta 1902, masu jefa ƙuri'a sun amince da bayar da kuɗin dala 120,000 don gina sabon gidan kotu. An cire tsarin farko daga wurin, kuma gundumar ta dauki hayar Marquette m D. Fred Charlton (Charlton, Gilbert & Demar/Charlton & Kuenzli) don tsara sabon ginin. An dauki hayar Kamfanin Gine-gine na Arewacin Milwaukee, Wisconsin don gina ginin. Daga karshe karamar hukumar ta kashe dala 240,000 don kammala tsarin; an kammala shi a shekara ta 1904.

Kotun ta kasance wurin da aka yi wani sanannen shari'a a 1913, inda Shugaba Theodore Roosevelt ya yi nasara a kan wani mawallafin jaridar Ishpeming George Newett. An bai wa Roosevelt cents shida, "Farashin jarida mai kyau." Wani shari'ar daga baya da aka gwada a nan ta ƙarfafa littafin John D. Voelker, Anatomy of Murder. An yi fim ɗin littafin labari na 1959, wanda Otto Preminger ya jagoranta, a harabar kotun.

A cikin 1982–84, an gyara gidan kotun akan dala miliyan 2.4. An gina sabon gidan kotu da gidan yari a kusa, wanda rami ya haɗa shi, amma ginin na 1904 ya ci gaba da aiki.

## Manazarta
Jameel Khan (masanin kimiyya)

**Jameel Khan** (1953 - 9 ga Oktoba 2004) masanin addinin Musulunci ne na Pakistan, marubuci kuma co-kafa Iqra Rauzatul Atfal Trust. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai magana da yawun Aalmi Majlis Tahaffuz Khatm-e-Nubuwwat. 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Khan ya yi karatu a Madrasa Ashraf Uloom Gujranwala. Ya kasance daga dangin Popalzai na Peshawar, wanda iyali ne na kasuwanci amma mahaifinsa ya keɓe shi ga ilimin addini da sabis ga Islama. Ya koma Karachi kuma ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin Muhammad Yusuf Banuri a Jamia Uloom-ul-Islamia.

## Ayyuka
Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya shiga koyarwa da Darul Ifta a Jamia Uloom-ul-Islamia. Yana da alaƙa da siyasa da Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam. Ya shiga Aalmi Majlis Tahaffuz Khatm-e-Nubuwwat a shekarar 1970 kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Sakataren Bayanai na Tsakiya na ɗan lokaci. An haɗa shi akai-akai tare da Daily Jang, kuma ya kasance mai aiki sosai wajen shirya shafukan Islama da wallafe-wallafe na musamman kan batutuwan addini da mutane.

### Iqra Rauzatul Atfal Trust
Ya kafa Iqra Rauzatul Atfal Trust tare da Wali Hasan Tonki a watan Afrilun 1984. Tana da cibiyar sadarwa mai yawa na makarantu a duk faɗin ƙasar.

## Kashewa
Mufti Jameel Ahmed Khan da abokinsa Maulana Nazir Taunsvi an harbe su da bindigogi a ranar 9 ga Oktoba 2004 kusa da Guru Mandir Chorangi, Karachi. An kashe shi yayin da ake amfani da mafi yawan 'yan sanda a cikin birni don kare Firayim Minista Shaukat Aziz, wanda ke cikin birni.

Maulana Nazir ya zauna kusa da Mufti Jameel, wanda ke tuka motar. Mutane biyu da ke dauke da makamai a kan babur sun dakatar da motar, suka bude wuta a kanta, sannan suka gudu bayan ta. An kai Jameel Asibitin Kasa na Liaquat, likita ya ce ya sami harsashi 6 kuma ya mutu a kan hanyar zuwa asibiti.

### Bincike
Wata ƙungiyar masu bincike karkashin jagorancin DIG Investigation Manzoor Mughal ta taru da gwamnatin lardin don bincika lamarin ta'addanci. Gwamnatin Sindh ta ba da lada na Rs 2 miliyan ga duk wanda zai iya gano mayakan da ke da alhakin harin.

A watan Fabrairun 2022, wanda ake zargi da ta'addanci Haider Zaidi wanda aka fi sani da Salim Bhai, memba na kungiyar da aka haramta, ya tsare shi da Sashen Yaki da Ta'addanci (CTD), Civil Line yayin wani aiki a unguwar Mosumiyat ta Karachi. A cewar mai kula da CTD, wanda ake tuhuma ya kashe baƙi da muftis da malaman Islama. A shekara ta 2004, wanda ake tuhuma ya kashe Mufti Nizamuddin Shamzai . A shekara ta 2004, wadanda ake zargi sun kuma kashe Mufti Jameel Khan . 

Wadanda ake zargi sun kai hari masallatai da zanga-zangar tsakanin 1993 da 1995, a cewar hukumomin CTD. A shekara ta 2004, wanda ake tuhuma ya fashe bam din babur a gaban Jamia Banuria. Littafin Red Book ya lissafa Haider Zaidi; wanda ake zargi yana da horo na ta'addanci daga Para Chinar; kuma wanda ake zarge shi ya shiga cikin fashewar bam na Maulana Ziaur Rehman a Lahore. An haɗa sunansa a cikin Red Book, wanda ake zargi ya sami horo na ta'addanci daga Para Chinar, wanda ake zargin ya shiga cikin harin bam a kan Zia ur Rehman Farooqi a Lahore. An dawo da makamai daga mallakarsa yayin da ake ci gaba da bincike.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin Deobandis

## Manazarta
Marc Jung

**Marc Jung** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1985) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma mai zane-zane na Jamus. Yana zaune ne a Berlin da Erfurt .

## Tarihin rayuwa
Jung ya girma ne a Erfurt . Daga 1991 zuwa 2004 ya kasance mai kokawa mai gasa. A matsayin diyya ga rayuwar yau da kullun ta ɗan wasa, ya fara sha'awar al'adun Hip-Hop, kwando kuma sama da duka a cikin rubutun. Bayan kammala aikinsa a matsayin dan wasa ya yi ayyukan zane-zane a Erfurt, Berlin da Birnin New York (2005/06).

Jung ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Bauhaus Weimar . Ya kuma yi karatu a Vienna da Dresden, Hochschule für Bildende Künste Dresden . 2009 yayin da yake karatu a ƙarƙashin Daniel Richter a Kwalejin Fine Arts Vienna .  An gaya masa cewa mahaifinsa yana fama da Cutar Huntington. Da yake fuskantar damar 50:50 na fama da Cutar Huntington ya yanke shawarar kada a gwada shi kuma a maimakon haka ya saka duk lokacinsa da kuzari don zama sanannen mai zane.

Yana zaune kuma yana aiki a Berlin da Erfurt .

## Ayyuka
Kodayake ayyukan Jungs galibi sanannun ne saboda manyan zane-zanensa masu arziki, launuka masu haske, abubuwan da ya tsara sun fito ne daga zane-zane, abubuwa, hotuna da aka fentin zuwa kafofin watsa labarai. A cikin hoton da MDR Fernsehen ya yi ya bayyana salon zane-zanensa wanda ya haɗu da fasahar zane-zanen gargajiya tare da fenti na aerosol.

"Halinsa ya fassara maganganun Basquiats a nan da yanzu. Abin da ya tsara ya lalata Bacon da Velasquez ba tare da sanarwa ba".

2019 ya shirya baje kolin "Aggroschaft - Marc Jung & The Gang" - Marc Jung, Benedikt Braun, Ulrike Theusner, Moritz Schleime da Till Lindemann, jagoran murya na ƙungiyar Rammstein.

## Tarin abubuwa
Ana iya samun ayyukan Jung a cikin tarin Kunstsammlung Jena, Angermuseum a Erfurt da kuma tarin masu zaman kansu a duk faɗin Turai, Amurka da Ostiraliya.A cikin 2019 an samo zanensa "Blinded by the lights" don tarin fasaha na Bundestag na Jamus.

Daga cikin masu tarawa akwai Axl Rose daga Guns N 'Roses da Jay-Z.

## Nuni
Tun daga shekara ta 2007, aikin Marc Jung ya kasance batun nune-nunen solo sama da 100 da nune-nununen rukuni a duk faɗin Jamus da duniya.Nuninsa na farko na kasa da kasa ya kasance a Jakarta, Indonesia . An nuna ayyukan Jung na baya-bayan nan a Berlin., Frankfurt , Munich, Hamburg kuma kwanan nan Vienna

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

*
Dysgonia senex

**Dysgonia senex** wata asu ce ta dangin Noctuidae wanda Francis Walker ya fara bayyana shi a cikin 1858. Ana samunsa a jihar Queensland ta Ostiraliya.

Tsawon fuka-fuki yana da kusan 70 mm.

## Manazarta
Providential

**Providential** (Fabrairu 6, 1977 - Mayu 1998) ɗan wasan tsere ne na Thoroughbred haifaffen Irish wanda ya yi nasara cikin nasara a Faransa kuma ya ci mafi mahimmancin tsere akan turf a Amurka. Bred da kuma tsere ta Bertram R. Firestone, Run the Gantlet, 1971 Champion Male Turf Horse na Amurka da ɗan Tom Rolfe, 1965 Preakness Stakes wanda ya lashe gasar Preakness Stakes na 1965 da kuma Zakaran Ba'amurke Mai Shekaru Uku. Dam dinsa ita ce Prudent Girl, 'yar Primera wacce ta yi tsere a Ingila inda ya ci nasara a baya-bayan nan na Gimbi ya ta hannun jarin Wales a 1959-1960.

François Boutin ya horar da shi, Providential ya fara farawa sau biyu yana shekara biyu. Bayan ya fara cin nasara a ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 1979, a Saint-Cloud Racecourse, ya dawo ranar 11 ga Nuwamba don lashe Rukunin 2 Critérium de Saint-Cloud. A cikin Janairu 1980, an sayar da Providential ga Serge Fradkoff, wani ɗan kasuwa na Switzerland wanda kuma ya yi yaƙin neman zaɓe Perrault da Kilijaro a Faransa da Amurka.

A farkon farkonsa na sabon mai shi a ranar 13 ga Afrilu, 1980, Providential ya ci rukunin 2 Prix Greffulhe a Longchamp Racecourse a Paris. A wannan tseren, ɗan ƙulle ya yi gudu na biyu a gasar Prix Hocquart da kuma na uku a gasar mafi mahimmancin tseren Faransa na ’yan shekaru uku, rukunin 1 Prix du Jockey Club. Daga nan Fradkoff ya ba wa Olivier Douieb amanar gasar tseren doki wanda ya ba shi damar fara wasa uku ba tare da nasara ba a Faransa, wanda ya kare a matsayi na uku a Premio Roma a Capannelle Racecourse a Rome, Italiya, da matsayi na ashirin a gasar rukunin 1 a Hipódromo de San Isidro a Argentina.

A cikin 1981, Serge Fradkoff ya aika da Providential zuwa kula da mai horar da wasan tsere na Amurka Charlie Whittingham a Santa Anita Park a California. A Amurka an yi tseren dokin a matsayin Providential II. Ga Whittingham, Providential ya gama na biyu a karo na farko a Oktoba sannan kuma na biyu a Grade II Carleton F. Burke Handicap. Dan wasan jockey na Faransa Alain Lequeux, a watan Nuwamba Providential ya lashe mafi mahimmancin tseren aikinsa a wasan kasa da kasa a Washington, DC Stakes International a Laurel Park Racecourse a Laurel, Maryland a kan Afrilu Run. Komawa California, ya lashe gasar cin kofin gasar cin kofin Turf na Hollywood a Hollywood Park Racetrack akan John Henry wanda shine na hudu.

Raced a cikin 1982 sau ɗaya, a kan ƙazanta, ya kasance na 5 a Santa Anita H. Providential ya yi ritaya zuwa karatu. Zuriyarsa sun gamu da ƙarancin nasara a tsere.

Providential ya mutu sakamakon bugun zuciya yana da shekaru ashirin da ɗaya a watan Mayu 1998 a Derby Hill Farm a Dutsen Airy, Maryland.

## Manazarta
Ƙasar Gwiździny, Nowe Miasto

**Gwiździny** [ɡvʲiʑˈd͡ʑinɨ] ƙauye ne a gundumar gudanarwa na Gmina Nowe Miasto Lubawskie, a cikin gundumar Nowe Miasto, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, a arewacin Poland. Tana da nisan kusan kilomita 6 (mita 4) kudu maso gabas da Mszanowo (kujerar gmina), kilomita 6 (4 mi) kudu maso gabas na Nowe Miasto Lubawskie, da kilomita 71 (mita 44) kudu maso yamma da babban birnin yankin Olsztyn.

A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, wurin da sansanin Gwisdyn ya kasance na sansanin taro na Nazi Stuthof.

## Manazarta
Pnirontis infirma

**Pnirontis infirma** wani nau'in kwaro ne na kisa a cikin dangin Reduviidae. Ana samunsa a cikin Tekun Caribbean, Amurka ta Tsakiya, Arewacin Amurka, da Kudancin Amurka.

## Manazarta
Mathilde Bjerregaard

**Mathilde Bjerregaard** (an haife shi 9 ga Agusta 1993) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon hannu ne wanda ya taka leda a FCM Håndbold.

## Girmamawa
Wasannin Olympics na Matasa:

Nasara: 2010

Gasar Kwallon Hannu ta Mata U-19:

Nasara: 2011

## Manazarta
Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Injiniyoyi da Masu Gine-gine na Turkiyya

**Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Injiniyoyi da Masu Gine-gine na Turkiyya** (Turkiyya: Türk Mühendis ve Mimar Odaları Birliği, TMMOB a takaice) ƙungiya ce ta dukkan ɗakunan gine-gine da injiniyoyi a Turkiyya. An kafa ƙungiyar a cikin 1954 ta hanyar Doka 7303 da Dokar-Laws 66 da 85 da ke gyara Dokar 6235 kuma " ƙungiya ce ta kamfanoni da ƙungiyar ƙwararrun da aka ayyana a cikin tsarin jama'a kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin Mataki na 135 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Turkiyya." 445,365. Tana da hedikwata a Kızılay, Ankara.

Shugabancinta na kasa ya bayyana cewa TMMOB da membobinta Chambers "sun yarda cewa matsalolin sana'a da abokan aiki ba za a iya raba su da matsalolin jama'a da na kasa ba" kuma, saboda haka, "sun kasance masu adawa da mulkin mallaka kuma suna adawa da New World Order theories, racism and reactionism", da kuma "aiwatar da tsarin dimokuradiyya na tsakiya a cikin kafawa da aiwatar da manufofin" kamar yadda aka jera a cikin "Ƙungiyoyin F2".

A cikin watan Yulin 2013 jam'iyyar Justice and Development Party ta yi gaggawar aiwatar da wani kudurin doka da ya kawar da rawar da TMMOB ke takawa wajen amincewa da shawarwarin raya birane, bisa ga dukkan alamu a matsayin martani ga goyon bayan TMMOB na zanga-zangar 2013 a Turkiyya.

## Manazarta
Anthony Chinasa

**Anthony Chinasa-Abiola** ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne, sannan kuma memba na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Abia . Yana wakiltar mazaɓar ƙaramar hukumar Umuahia ta Tsakiya a ƙarƙashin Jam'iyyar Labour (LP). 

## Rayuwa
An haifi Anthony Chinasa a Ibeku, Jihar Abia, Najeriya . Duk da zaton da ke da alaƙa da sunan sa na Yoruba, "Abiola," ya bayyana a cikin wata hira ta Shekarar 2023 cewa shi ɗan asalin Yaren Igbo ne, tare da iyaye biyu daga Ibeku. An karɓi sunan "Abiola" don nuna haɗin kai ga abokinsa na siyasa, Gbadebo Rhodes-Vivour, a lokacin zaɓen shekarar 2023. 

A cikin Shekarar 2023, Chinasa ta lashe zaɓen don wakiltar mazaɓar Jihar Umuahia ta Tsakiya a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Abia . Da yake gudana a ƙarƙashin **Jam'iyyar Labour**, yaƙin neman zaɓe ya jaddada nuna gaskiya, shiga cikin al'umma, da sake fasalin majalisa.

## Manazarta
Dumar (Ɗan sarki)

**Dumar** ya kasance basarake na Slavic na ƙarni na 12 kuma jarumi a Yammacin Pomerania. An ci shi ne sa’ad da yake yaƙi da farmakin da Lothair III, Duke na Saxony, da Henry II suka shirya, Margrave na Arewacin Maris a shekara ta 1114. Yayin da har yanzu ba a san ko wace ƙabila ya fito ba, an ce yana iya kasancewa Kessinians, Pomeranians, Redari, ko Tollensians.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An bayyana Dumar a cikin rubuce-rubucen Annalista Saxo. A cewarsu, shi yarima ne na Slavic kuma jarumi a Western Pomerania, wanda ya rayu a farkon karni na 12. Ya yi yaƙi a lokacin farmakin da aka kai wa ƙabilar Lutici, wanda Lothair III, Sarkin Saxony, da Henry II suka shirya, wanda ya kasance margrave na Arewacin Maris a shekara ta 1114. Bayan shan kaye da aka yi masa, an tilasta masa ya ba da dansa a matsayin garkuwa. Wani basarake daga kabilar Rani ya yi yunkurin taimaka masa, amma shi ma ya sha kashi.

Ba a san ko daga wace kabilar Dumar ta fito ba. Wasu masana tarihi sun ba da shawarar cewa shi ɗan Kessinians ne, ko kuma shugaban Redari ko Tollensians. Sauran shawarwarin cewa zai iya fitowa daga kabilar Pomeranians, yana zaune a bakin kogin Oder, kuma zai iya zama mahaifin Wartislaw I, tun yana yaro, ya yi baftisma yayin da yake zama fursuna na Saxon.

## Manazarta
Habiba Dembélé

**Habiba Dembélé Sahouet** yar jaridar kasar Ivory Coast ce kuma mai gabatar da talabijin .

A halin yanzu ita ce mai gabatar da labaran TV *13 heures* da *[[20 heures|heures 20]]* akan babban tashar La Première (RTI), wanda ke tsakiya a Abidjan .She is currently presenter of TV news *13 heures* and *20 heures* on the La Première (RTI) main channel, centered in Abidjan. 

A ranar 11 ga Fabrairu, 2008, gobara ta tashi a cikin ɗakin studio yayin da take yin fim na *20 heures*, wanda ya tilasta mata barin gabatarwar ta gudu daga ginin.  Gobarar ta lalata dakunan karatu da dama amma gaba daya jami'an kashe gobara ne ke sarrafa su.  

## Magana
Fabyula Badawi

**Fabyula Badawi** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1960) mawaƙiya ce kuma 'yar jarida 'yar ƙasar Masar.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife ta a birnin Alkahira, Badawi ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kasuwanci da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin lissafi. A shekarar 2008 jaridar *al-Madina* ta Saudiyya ta dauke ta aiki a matsayin 'yar jarida. An buga kundin wakokinta guda uku. Su ne *Mahlan ayyuha-l-rajul* ( *Take It Easy, Man*, 1989); *Qasa'id zami'a* ( *Waqoqin Kishirwa*, 1990); da *al-Washm* ) ( *Tattoo*, 1992).

## Manazarta
Karl Hübner

**Karl Wilhelm Hübner** (17 Yuni 1814, Königsberg - 5 Disamba 1879, Düsseldorf) ya kasance mai zane-zane na Jamus da kuma zane-zane, a cikin salon Romantic .

## Rayuwa da aiki
Mahaifinsa ma'aikacin gine-gine ne. Da farko ya yi karatun fasaha tare da mai zane-zane, daga&#x5D;- a garinsu. Godiya ga goyon bayansa, Hübner ya sami damar shiga Kunstakademie Düsseldorf a 1837. Malamansa a can sun hada da Wilhelm von Schadow da Karl Ferdinand Sohn .

Ya kammala karatu a shekara ta 1841 kuma ya kafa ɗakin karatu a gundumar Pempelfort, kuma nan da nan ya zama mai alaƙa da Düsseldorfer Malerschule . A can, ya auri Caroline Dorn. Suna da 'ya'ya da yawa. 'Yarsa, Maria, ta auri ɗan kasuwa Franz Georg Groll, yayin da take ƙarama. Biyu daga cikin 'ya'yansa maza sun tafi Amurka. Babbarsa, daga&#x5D;- shi ma ya zama mai zane.

A shekara ta 1844, ya kirkiro sanannen aikinsa: The Silesia Weavers [de], wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar tashin hankali da Masu saƙa na Silesian suka shirya a farkon wannan shekarar; wani taron da zai kuma yi wa Heinrich Heine wahayi zuwa rubuta waka mai suna ("The Silesian Teavers"). An nuna shi a duk faɗin Jamus. Kodayake an karbe shi da kyau, wasu masu sukar fasaha sun koka da cewa, ta hanyar kasancewa a gefen masu , yana shiga cikin " [de]" (farfaganda). 

A shekara ta 1847, ya yi babban yawon shakatawa na karatu a Amurka. Hotunan da ya yi sun zama tushen yawancin zane-zanensa na baya. A cikin 1848, ya taimaka wajen kirkirar sabuwar ƙungiyar masu zane-zane wanda, bisa ga shawararsa, an kira shi "Malkasten" (Paintbox). Ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugabanta na shekaru da yawa. Ya kuma yi aiki a kwamitin daga&#x5D;-kuma ya kasance memba na makarantu daban-daban. A shekara ta 1864, Sarki Wilhelm na sanya shi Farfesa. Daga baya, ya karbi Order of the Red Eagle .

## Hotunan da aka zaɓa

Fayil:Carl_Wilhelm_Hübner_001.jpg|Two Young Girls in Geography Class
Fayil:Hübner_Abschied_der_Auswanderer@Ostdeutsche_Galerie_Regensburg_20160930.jpg|A Farewell to the Emigrants
Fayil:Hübner_Junger_Seemann_als_Freier@Albert_König_Museum20160904.jpg|The Young Sailor as a Suitor
Fayil:Carl_Wilhelm_Hübner_-_The_Silesian_Weavers_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|The Silesian Weavers


## Manazarta

## Ƙarin karantawa

* Hübner (4) Karl.A cikin:Meyers Konversations-Lexikon.Na huɗu fitowar. Girma 8, Verlag na Bibliographischen Instituts, Leipzig/Vienna 1885-1892, [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] 753.
* Friedrich Müller, "Hübner, Karl Wilhelm", A cikin: Die Künstler aller Zeit en und Völker: oder, Leben und Werke der berühmtesten Baumeister, Bildhauer, Maler, Kupferstecher ... da dai sauransu Vol.2: *F-L*, Ebner & Seubert 1860, (Online) @ Google Books
*  
* Lilian Landes: Carl Wilhelm Hübner (1814-1879) - Halitta da Zeitgeschichte im deutschen Vormärz. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich, 2008,  
* Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, Galerie Paffrath: *Lexikon der Düsseldorfer Malerschule*, Vol.2: *Haach-Murtfeldt.* Bruckmann, Munich 1998,  

## Haɗin waje

* Ƙarin ayyukan Hübner @ ArtNet
* Literature by and about Karl Hübnera cikinLaburaren Kasa na Jamuskatako
James Yeku

**James Túndé Yékú** marubuci ne na Ƙasar Najeriya da ƙasar Kanada sannan kuma mataimakin farfesa a Nazarin Afirka da Afirka-Amurka a Jami'ar Kansas . Ya ƙware a fannin nazarin wallafe-wallafen da suka shafi Afirka da al'adu, da kuma binciken ɗan adam na dijital. Binciken da yake sha'awa ya haɗa da: wallafe-wallafen Afirka, ilimin ɗan adam na dijital, kafofin watsa labarai na zamantakewa, Nazarin al'adu, Ka'idodin mulkin mallaka da mulkin mallaka, da Labaran Nollywood .  Ya wallafa ko'ina a kan batutuwa daban-daban a duk faɗin waɗannan fannoni.

Yékú shine marubucin Al'adun: Kafofin watsa labarai na zamantakewa, Al'adun Jama'a, da Ayyuka a Najeriya (Indiana University Press, 2022), da kuma tarin shayari *Inda Baedeker ke jagoranta: Tafiyar Waƙoƙi,* wanda ya sami ambaton girmamawa ga Mafi kyawun Kyautar Littafin Mafi  Ƙungiyar Littattafan Afirka ta Shekarar 2023 don rubuce-rubuce masu ƙirƙira. An buga waƙoƙin Yeku da litattafansa a cikin mujallu da matsakaici daban-daban.

## Ilimi
James Yékú ya horar da shi a matsayin masanin ilimin adabi da al'adu a Ibadan da Saskatoon .  Ya sami digiri na farko da digiri na biyu a Turanci, da kuma Nazarin Ayyuka bi da bi a Jami'ar Ibadan a Shekarar 2008 da kuma shekarar 2012 bi da bi. Ya sami Ph.D. a Harshen Turanci a Jami'ar Saskatchewan a shekarar 2018.

## Ayyuka da Karramawa
Yékú ta yi aiki a matsayin malami a Ma'aikatar Turanci ta Jami'ar Saskatchewan daga Shekarar 2017 zuwa Shekarar 2018. Bayan shekara guda, ya koma Jami'ar Kansas inda a halin yanzu yake farfesa a Sashen Nazarin Afirka da Amurka da Cibiyar Nazarin Dijital a cikin Humanities.

Yékú ita ce ta lashe lambar yabo ta Pius Adesanmi Early Career Research Excellence Award ta Shekarar 2022 daga Ƙungiyar Nazarin Afirka ta Kanada.  Labarinsa na mujallar "Akpos Don Come Again: Nigerian Cyberpop Hero as Trickster" a cikin Jaridar Nazarin Al'adu ta Afirka ta lashe kyautar Abioseh Porter mafi kyawun Essay ta shekarar 2017 ta Ƙungiyar Littattafan Afirka. Ya kuma sami wasu kyaututtuka da zumunci, waɗanda suka haɗa da Cibiyar Nazarin Intanet ta Shekarar 2022 a Bochum, da kuma Kasuwancin Al'adu na Shekarar 2023 da Canjin Dijital a Afirka da Asiya a Jami'ar Mainz, duka a ƙasar bJamus. A cikin Shekarar 2023, ya yi aiki a Jami'ar Humboldt ta Berlin a matsayin mai karɓar Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Fellowship inda ya kammala aiki a kan sabon tarin da ba na fiction ba, Ambivalent Encounters and Other Essays .    Yékú a halin yanzu yana jagorantar shirye-shiryen Humanities na Afirka a Jami'ar Kansas kuma yana shirya taron Humanities na shekara-shekara na African Digital.

## Littattafan da aka zaɓa

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## Manazarta
Irin wannan

**KIND** ko irin na iya zama:

 

## Ra'ayoyi

* Alheri, halayyar ɗan adam
* Kind, wani nau'i na asali na rarraba
*
* Irin(nau'in ka'idar), ra'ayi a cikin tunani da kimiyyar kwamfuta
* Halitta, a cikin falsafar
* Halitta nau'in, sau da yawa an taƙaita shi zuwa nau'o'i, nau'in halitta na siffofin rayuwa
* A cikin nau'i, don ma'amaloli marasa kuɗi

## Tashoshin rediyo da talabijin

* KIND (AM) , tashar rediyo (1010 AM) mai lasisi ga Independence, Kansas, Amurka
* KIND-FM, tashar rediyo (94.9 FM) mai lasisi ga Elk City, Kansas, Amurka
* KIND-LP, tashar rediyo mai ƙarancin ƙarfi (94.1 FM) mai lasisi don yin hidima ga Oxnard, California, Amurka
* KBIK, tashar rediyo (102.9 FM) mai lasisi ga Independence, Kansas, Amurka wanda ke riƙe da alamar kira KIND-FM daga 1980 zuwa 2010

## Sauran amfani

* Kind (kamfani) , mai samar da abinci na Amurka
* Kids in Need of Defense, ƙungiyar kare hakkin yara da 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Angelina Jolie ta kafa
* Kind (album) , wani kundin 2019 na Stereophonics
* Kind (sunan mahaifi) , jerin mutanen da ke da sunan mahaifi
* Kind (doki) (wanda aka haifa a shekara ta 2001), doki ne na Irish
* Kind Hundred, ɗari ya raba tsakanin Halland, Småland da Västergötland, Sweden
* Filin jirgin saman Indianapolis (code ICAO: KIND), filin jirgin sama a Indiana, Amurka

## Dubi kuma
Toure Kazah-Toure

**Toure Kazah-Toure** (1959 - 1 Yuli 2017) malami ne na Najeriya, ɗan gwagwarmaya, kuma ɗan Afirka. Sha'awar da ya yi na kafa shugaban Guinea, Ahmed Sékou Touré, ya sa ya karɓi sunan "Toure". Ya kasance malamin tarihi kuma mai bincike a Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello (ABU), Zaria, Nigeria, tare da wallafe-wallafe da dama da sunansa.

## Rayuwar farko
Kazah-Toure, an haife shi a shekara ta 1959 a Atyapland, yankin Arewa, Najeriya ta Burtaniya (yanzu wani yanki ne na kudancin jihar Kaduna, Najeriya), dan Kazah Yashim ne, malamin Atyap na biyu da aka horar da shi kuma mutum na farko daga Kudancin Zariya (yanzu Kudancin Kaduna) da za a nada shi a Majalisar Gundumar (na rusasshiyar yankin Arewacin Kaduna) kuma mahaifinsa Kirista ne. da kuma wasu ‘yan uwa ‘yan uwa musulmi, 12 daga cikinsu an kashe su a rikicin Zangon Kataf a shekarar 1992, wanda shi da kansa ya musulunta.

## Aiki
Ya yi karatu a sashen Tarihi na Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello (ABU), Zariya, Jihar Kaduna, Najeriya. Shi

"...ya samar da mafi kyawun rubuce-rubuce na gwagwarmayar kishin kasa a Zangon Kataf kamar yadda ya lura da sabani da yawa da ya kunsa.

—   Dr. Zuwaqhu Bonat

## Ayyukan aiki
Toure ya ɗauki ra'ayoyin Kishin ƙasa da Kiristanci a matsayin siyar da manyan 'yan Najeriya zuwa mulkin mallaka, yayin da ya ƙaura zuwa Pan-Africanism daga Nationalism, kuma ya shiga cikin al'umma mai suna Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa (CODESRIA). Shi kuma tun farko ya kasance yana shirya jama’a a yankinsa domin tallafa wa masu tsattsauran ra’ayi kuma ya samu laqabi da “PRP”, kuma ya yi tunani da dabara da tsara tsarin dandali da ke kula da kungiyar dalibai ta Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello da ke Zariya, wato Movement for Progressive Nigeria (MPN), alhali yana dalibi a can.

## Manazarta
Herman Bailey

**Herman "Kofi" Bailey** (kuma aka sani da Kofi X) (1931-1981) ɗan Afirka ne mai fasaha. An fi saninsa da zane-zane da zane-zanen gawayi wanda ke nuna kwarewar Ba-Amurke.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An haife shi a Chicago, Illinois, Bailey ya girma a Los Angeles, California. Ya sami ilimi daga Alabama State College sannan ya halarci Jami'ar Howard inda ya yi karatu a karkashin Alain Locke, Sterling Brown da James A. Porter. Ya sami MFA a Jami'ar Kudancin California. A Alabama ya karbi kwamitocin manyan zane-zane da zane-zane a matsayin dalibi. An bayyana shi a matsayin “bakar bohemian” a lokacin, ana yawan ganin sa sanye da rigar rawaya, yana magana da jive, yana ɗauke da kwalba “a cikin aljihu ɗaya” yana magana kan kiɗa da fasaha

Yayin da yake zaune a Atlanta filin wasansa yana nan a Cibiyar Baƙin Duniya ta biyu gini. Ya zauna a Paschal's Motor Lodge Hotel, inda idan ba zai iya yin haya ba zai yi cinikin zane-zane da ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwan ​​Paschal a musayar. Bailey ya yi magana da ɓacin rai, wanda ya faru ne saboda yawan shan muggan kwayoyi da barasa. An bayyana Bailey da shan kwaya sannan ya sha, yana kashe kudinsa akan "cikakkiyar pint na scotch" ko vodka. Herman "Kofi" Bailey ya mutu a 1981 a Atlanta, Jojiya.

## Sana'a
Sana'ar Kofi Bailey ta bayyana abubuwan tarihi na gwagwarmayar 'yanci na baƙar fata tare da jaddada ƙarfin tushen siyasa da al'adun baƙar fata na wancan lokacin. -James Farko, 1998

An kwatanta aikinsa da kwatancinsa a matsayin "... Haɗa duka abubuwa na lissafi da na zahiri, yakan yi amfani da manyan sifofi don kewaye da sifofi masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke zama abin da ya dace ga yawancin abubuwan da ya tsara." Siffofin Geometric galibi suna yin bangon bango, kamar dai suna fitowa daga gare ta. Bailey yakan yi amfani da gawayi ko conté a matsayin matsakaici, yana gwada mai da zanen acrylic shima. Wani lokaci ya yi amfani da matsakaici uku zuwa hudu a cikin zane-zane kuma launi yakan dauki matsayi na biyu a cikin aikinsa, ya fi son dogara ga sautunan duniya.

Masu fasaha irin su Goya, Rico Lebrun, Jacob Lawrence da Charles White sun rinjayi Bailey. Ya bayyana kansa a shekara ta 1967 a matsayin mai zane mai wakiltar "maimakon "abstract" saboda aikinsa ya kasance mai himma ga talakawa wanda, a cewarsa, "suna son ganin fasahar da ke hulɗa da mutum, fasahar da ke ƙoƙarin bayyana yanayin yanayi daban-daban na mutum; kuma mutum shi ne babban abin da ke damuna.”

A cikin 1967 Bailey ya kasance mai zane-zane a Kwalejin Spelman wanda ya gudanar da nuni game da ayyukan Bailey wanda aka ƙirƙira yayin da yake zaune a Ghana a 1962–1966.

## Manazarta
Elombe Brath

**Cecil Elombe Brath** (Satumba 30, 1936 - Mayu 19, 2014) ɗan gwagwarmayar Pan-African ne, an haife shi a birnin New York na al'adun Barbadian, wanda aka fi sani da kafa Ƙungiyar Patrice Lumumba. Ya kasance mai fafutuka mai tasiri, wanda Stokely Carmichael ya gane shi a matsayin "Dean of Harlem Nationalists" da Dudley Thompson, "Icon of the Pan-African Movement".

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife shi a Brooklyn, New York, inda mahaifinsa ya yi hijira daga Barbados a cikin 1920s.[1] Brath ya girma a Harlem da Hunts Point, kuma ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare na Fasahar Masana'antu (yanzu Art da Design), daga baya ya ci nasarar karatun kwaleji zuwa Makarantar Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin.

A cikin 1956, ya kasance cikin masu haɗin gwiwa na Afirka Jazz-Art Society & Studios "don dawo da jazz a matsayin kiɗan al'adun Afirka na zamani waɗanda ya kamata masu fasaha baƙar fata ke sarrafa su", kuma a cikin 1962, ya fara aiki a matsayin mai zane mai hoto na ABC Television, ya kasance a can har sai da ya yi ritaya a 1999.

Brath ya yi yaƙi don kawar da amfani da kalmar "negro" kuma, a cikin 1961, ya ƙaddamar da kamfen na "Black is Beautiful" tare da jerin shirye-shiryen salon Afrocentric wanda ke nuna matan Ba-Amurke waɗanda aka fi sani da Grandassa Model kuma sun buga manyan afros.

A cikin 1975 Brath ya kafa, tare da Irving Davis, Patrice Lumumba Coalition,  wanda ya goyi bayan haƙƙin yancin kai ga Angolan, 'yan Afirka ta Kudu, da Namibiya da sauran ƙungiyoyin 'yanci na Afirka. A cikin 1976, haɗin gwiwar ya fitar da wata sanarwa ta manufofin da ke kira ga goyon bayan sojojin 'yantar da Zimbabwe. Sun ba da hankali ga kauracewa Ipi Tombi a 1977, waƙar Broadway wanda ke da alaƙa da ɓarna rayuwa a ƙarƙashin mulkin wariyar launin fata.

Brath shi ne mai watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo na birnin New York na Afrikaleidoscope akan WBAI, kuma galibi yana shirya abubuwan da suka faru da fage a cikin birni don jawo hankali ga siyasar Afirka da abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu.

A cikin 2003, Brath ya haɗu da Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Duniya (WADU) don ba da shawarar haɗewar al'ummomin Afirka ta hanyar siyasa, al'adu, da tattalin arziki da Afirka. An kaddamar da WADU a hukumance a shekarar 2004.

Manyan masu tunani waɗanda Brath ya ƙidaya a matsayin tasiri - Marcus Garvey, Malcolm X, Carlos A. Cooks, da ɗan uwansa Clennell Wickham - sun yi yaƙin siyasa a madadin baƙar fata masu aiki a Barbados na mulkin mallaka.

Brath ya mutu a Harlem yana da shekaru 77.

## Baya
A cikin 2017, an saka sunan Elombe Brath Way a cikin girmamawarsa.

## Manazarta
Jacob Carruthers

**Mzee Jedi Shemsu Jehewty**, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Jacob Hudson Carruthers, Jr. (15 ga Fabrairu, 1930, a Dallas, Texas—Janairu 4, 2004, a Chicago) ɗan Afirka ne mai tarihi da ilimi.

## Ranakun Farko da Ilimi
An haifi Jacob Carruthers a Texas kuma ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Phyllis Wheatley a Houston, TX, kafin ya tafi Kwalejin Samuel Huston, inda ya sami digiri na BA a 1950. A 1951, ya shiga Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Amurka, kuma bayan ya yi aiki, ya sami digiri na biyu a gwamnati daga Jami'ar Texas ta Kudu a 1958. Carruthers ya zama dalibi na farko a fannin nazarin Siyasa-Amurka a Colorado daga Jami'ar Colorado. 1966.

Daga 1961 zuwa 1964 Carruthers ya koyar da kimiyyar siyasa a Kwalejin Prairie View da ke Texas sannan ya koyar a Kwalejin Jihar Kansas da ke Pittsburg, Kan.

Tafiya zuwa Chicago da Cibiyar Nazarin Ciki ta Ciki

Bayan shekaru biyu na koyar da kimiyyar siyasa a Kwalejin Jihar Kansas (1966-1968), Carruthers ya koma Chicago, inda zai rayu kuma ya yi aiki har tsawon rayuwarsa. A cikin 1968, Carruthers ya shiga Cibiyar Nazarin Ciki ta Jami'ar Illinois ta Arewa maso Gabas (NEIU). A cikin shekaru talatin da biyu masu zuwa, Carruthers ya koyar da tarihi da ilimi a Cibiyar Nazarin Ciki ta Ciki, yana taka rawa wajen haɓaka karatun digiri da digiri na farko a cikin Sashen Nazarin Ilimin Cikin Gida (ICSE).

## Ziyartar Cheikh Anta Diop
A cikin 1975, shekara guda bayan Cheikh Anta Diop, masanin kimiyya kuma masanin kimiyya na Afirka, tare da abokin aikinsa Théophile Obenga sun yi nasarar kare asalin Afirka na tsohuwar Kemet a taron UNESCO a Alkahira, Jacob Carruthers ya ziyarci Diop a Senegal. A wannan ziyarar, Ifé Carruthers ya rubuta:

Diop ya burge Dr. Carruthers mahimmancin binciken tsohuwar Masar kuma mafi mahimmancin buƙatar ci gaba da binciken a kusa da umarnin harsunan Masar, wanda ake kira hieroglyphs.

Dawowa daga wannan taron, Carruthers ya kafa tushe na ƙungiya don daidaita Kush da Kemet a matsayin wayewar Afirka na gargajiya wanda za a gina cibiyoyin Afirka masu 'yanci. Carruthers sun fara koyon tsohon harshen Kemet, don samun damar kai tsaye zuwa ga tsoffin maɓuɓɓuka, yayin da suke kira ga wasu su yi haka a cikin gaggawa.

## Manazarta
Austin Akobundu

**Austin Akobundu** ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda shine Sanata mai wakiltar Abia ta tsakiya.

## Tarihin Rayuwarsa
Austin dai tsohon Kanar ne mai ritaya na sojojin Najeriya kuma tsohon ƙaramin ministan tsaro a gwamnatin shugaba Goodluck Jonathan. Shine Sanata mai wakiltar Abia ta tsakiya a majalisar dattawa a wannan jamhoriyyar. Ya maye gurbin Darlington Nwokocha wanda kotun ɗaukaka ƙara ta soke zaɓensa a ranar 4 ga Nuwamban shekara ta 2023. An rantsar da shi ranar 15 ga watan Nuwamba, 2023.

Tun lokacin da Akobundu ya isa majalisar dattijai, ya kasance mai himma wajen tallafa wa harkokin ilimi, kuma kwanan nan ya samar da tallafin karatu ga ɗalibai 113 a fadin kananan hukumomin jihar Abia  tare da horas da dalibai 400 kan ilimin kwamfuta a Umuahia, jihar Abia.

## Manazarta
Nigerian British University

**Jami'ar Biritaniya ta Najeriya** jami'a ce mai zaman kanta wacce take da haɗin gwiwar ilimi a Najeriya mallakar gidauniyar Adorable don ci gaban ilimi a Najeriya kuma cigaba. Jami'ar tana a garin Asa, jihar Abia, Najeriya
Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Abia

**Majalisar dokokin jihar Abia** ita ce ɓangaren majalisar dokokin jihar Abia. Majalisa ce wacce ta ƙunshi mambobi 24 da aka zaɓa a mazaɓun jahohi 24 kuma kakakin majalisa.  Shekarun jefa kuri'a 18. 

## Majalisar
### Shugabanci

## Manazarta
Henrietta Vinton Davis

**Henrietta Vinton Davis** (Agusta 25, 1860 - Nuwamba 23, 1941) ta kasance ƙwararriyar balaga, yar wasan kwaikwayo, kuma mai kwaikwaya. Baya ga kasancewarta "Firmiya ƴan wasan kwaikwayo na duk ƴan wasan baƙar fata na ƙarni na goma sha tara akan matakin ban mamaki", Marcus Garvey ya ayyana Davis a matsayin "mafi kyawun mace na tseren Negro a yau".

Davis ta yi aiki tare da Marcus Garvey, wanda ya kafa Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Negro ta Duniya (UNIA), a cikin ayyuka da yawa. Daga kafuwarta a cikin 1919 har zuwa wargajewarta a tsakiyar shekarun 1930, ta rike manyan mukamai na jagoranci a cikin UNIA. A babban taron UNIA na kasa da kasa na farko a cikin 1920, an zabe ta a matsayin Oganeza na kasa da kasa. A cikin 1927, bayan an kori Garvey zuwa Jamaica, an zaɓi Davis kuma ya zama shugaban ƙasa na UNIA, Inc. daga 1934-1940.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Henrietta Vinton Davis a Baltimore ga Mary Ann Johnson da mijinta, mawaƙin Mansfield Vinton Davis.

## Iyaye
Jim kadan bayan haihuwarta, mahaifinta ya rasu. A cikin watanni shida mahaifiyarta ta sake yin aure zuwa wani ɗan Baltimore mai tasiri, George A. Hackett, memba na Cocin Methodist Episcopal na Bethel. Ya yi aiki don kayar da lissafin Jacobs na 1859 wanda aka ƙera don bautar da 'ya'yan Amurkawa 'yan Afirka masu zaman kansu da kuma korar iyayensu daga jihar Maryland. Hackett ya mutu a cikin Afrilu 1870 bayan gajeriyar rashin lafiya. Bayan mutuwarsa, Maryamu Ann Hackett ta ƙaura tare da 'yarta Henrietta zuwa Washington, D.C.

Asalin ilimi

Henrietta ta yi karatu a makarantun gwamnati.

## Sana'a

### Koyarwa
A lokacin tana da shekaru goma sha biyar, ta ci jarrabawar da ta dace kuma an ba ta matsayin malami a makarantun gwamnati na Maryland.

Bayan wani lokaci na koyarwa a Maryland, Davis ya koma Louisiana don koyarwa. Daga baya ta koma Maryland don kula da mahaifiyarta da ke fama da rashin lafiya. Ta na da takardar shaidar hukumar ilimi.

### Aikin Gudanarwa
A cikin 1878, yayin da take ƙaramar kuruciyarta, ta zama mace Ba-Amurke ta farko da Ofishin Mai rikodin Ayyukan ya ɗauke ta a Washington, D.C.; ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kwafi a ƙarƙashin George A. Sheridan. A cikin 1881, sanannen abolitionist, mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a, kuma abokin dangin Davis Frederick Douglass an nada shi mai rikodin ayyukan.

### Wasan kwaikwayo da Wasanni
A farkon 1880s, Davis ya fara zazzagewa da darussan fasaha na ban mamaki a ƙarƙashin kulawar Marguerite Saxton na Washington. A ranar 25 ga Afrilu, 1883, Frederick Douglass ya gabatar da ita a gaban fitattun masu sauraro. Ta fito a wasan kwaikwayo a New London, Connecticut; Jihar New York, Boston, Massachusetts; da "fiye da dozin na manyan biranen Gabas da Gabas ta Tsakiya".

A lokacin bazara na 1883, Davis (a ƙarƙashin jagorancin James Monroe Trotter da William H. Dupree) ya yi rangadin Boston, Worcester, da New Bedford, Massachusetts; Providence da Newport, Rhode Island; Hartford da New Haven, Connecticut; da New York City da Albany.

A wannan lokacin ta ci gaba da kammala aikinta a ƙarƙashin Farfesa Edwin Lawrence na New York da Rachael Nuhu na Boston. Ta kuma halarci Makarantar.

## Manazarta
Teem (lemu)

**Teem** wani nau'in abin lemun sha ne mai laushi wanda aka gabatar PepsiCo  a shekarata 1959 a matsayin mai fafatawa mai ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗana na 7 Up. An dakatar da shi kuma an cire shi a Amurka a shekarar 1984.  &#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

Teem ba ya samuwa a mafi yawan a cikin duniya, duk da haka Uruguay, da wasu ƙasashe a yankunan Afirka da Asiya suna samar da alamar Teem a ƙarƙashin masana'antun su.  <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
.matakan riga-kafi, an san Teem da "Duet";  duk da haka, saboda yuwuwar takaddamar alamar kasuwanci tare da Swift's, mai kera abinci tare da margarine mai ɗauke da iri ɗaya, an canza sunan kafin a fara kasuwanci.  A ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 1959, wakilai uku na Pepsi-Cola daga Chicago, New York, da San Francisco sun hallara a St. Joseph, Missouri, don baiwa jama'a dandano na farko na sabon abin sha, kamar yadda aka zaɓi birnin don kasuwar rarraba farko ta Teem kafin a gabatar da shi a wani wuri.  Bayan kwana uku, a ranar Litinin mai zuwa, tallace-tallace sun karu a jaridun yankin suna tallata abin sha a cikin shaguna.  An sayar da Teem a Amurka da Kanada har sai an daina shi a 1984 saboda raguwar tallace-tallace.  Lemon-Lime Slice an gabatar da shi don maye gurbin Teem, [1] ko da yake har yanzu yana samuwa a wasu maɓuɓɓugan soda a cikin 1990s.  Daga baya, Saliyo Mist, sannan Starry, ya zama hadayun soda lemun tsami-lime na Pepsi a Amurka.

A cikin shekarun 1990s, Teem yana samuwa kusan a duk faɗin ƙasar.  Koyaya, a Japan, Koriya ta Kudu, da sauran ƙasashe da yawa Teem kusan babu shi kuma an maye gurbinsa da Mirinda lemun tsami ko alamun ƙasarsu kamar a Koriya ta Koriya ta kudu ta Lotte a ƙarƙashin sunan Chilsung Cider, a Japan ta Asahi Soft Drinks a ƙarƙashin sunan Mitsuya Cider, kuma a Turkiyya ta Tamek a ƙarƙashin sunan Fruko waɗanda kamfanoni ke kusa da PepsiCo. Teem ya kasance a sayarwa a yau a Pakistan, Brazil, Uruguay, Honduras, Nepal, Najeriya, Indiya, da Afirka ta Kudu; ya tsira a cikin shekarun 1990 a wasu kasuwanni, ma, kafin Pepsi ya ba da izini ga masu siyarwa su maye gurbinsa da alamar abokin hamayyar 7up saboda sayar da 7up International (ba tare da Amurka ba) ga Pepsi ta Philip Morris. Pepsi yana da mashahuriyar lemun tsami a kasashe da yawa ta hanyar sayar da 7up da Teem tare.

## Manazarta
Kyautar Zik

**Zik Prize** wanda aka fi sani da **The Nnamdi Azikiwe Prize**, mai suna Dokta Nnamdi Azikiwe, lambar yabo ce ta gaskiya da aka kafa a 1995 don girmama Azikiwe, Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya ce ke bayar da ita duk shekara. 

## Fage
An gudanar da bikin kaddamar da lambar yabo ta Zik a karkashin jagorancin tsohon shugaban kasar Najeriya Shehu Shagari a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba, Shekara ta 1999 a dakin taro na makarantar koyon aikin lauya ta Najeriya da ke Legas.  An soke kyautar a shekara ta 1996 saboda rasuwar Azikiwe wanda ya rasu a watan Mayun shekara ta 1996 a Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami’ar Najeriya da ke Enugu.   Wanda ya lashe kyautar ya hada da Jerry Rawlings na Ghana, Akintola Williams da Abdulazeez Udeh na Najeriya. 

## Rukunai

* Jagorancin Siyasa 
* Kyakkyawan Mulki
* Jagorancin Ƙwararruw
* Jagorancin Kasuwanci
* Jagorancin Jin kai
* Ayyukan Jama'a

## Masu karɓa

## Magana
Wilbert Mubaiwa

**Wilbert Archibald Mubaiwa** ɗan kasuwa ne kuma ɗan siyasa na kasar Zimbabwe.

## Ayyuka
Mubaiwa injiniya ne kuma ma'aikacin banki a sana'a.

Mubwaia ta tsaya takarar Guruve ta Kudu a matsayin dan takara mai cin gashin kanta a babban zaben kasar Zimbabwe na 2018.  A cikin shekarar 2022, ya kafa Majalisar Jama'a ta Kasa (NPC). 

Mubaiwa dan takarar shugaban kasa ne a babban zaben kasar Zimbabwe na 2023.  Shi cikakken dan nahiyar Afirka ne.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Oliver Lee Jackson

**Oliver Lee Jackson** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1935). ɗan ƙasar Amurka ne mai zane, sculptor, mai zane, mai buga littattafai, kuma malami. Gidan fasahar sa yana cikin Oakland, California. Ya kasance farfesa a Jami'ar Jihar California, Sacramento daga 1971 har zuwa 2002, kuma ya samar da wani tsari na shirin Nazarin Afirka na Pan a makarantar.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haife shi a cikin 1935 a St. Louis, Missouri, cikin dangin Ba'amurke. Bayan kammala karatunsa daga makarantar sakandare ta Vashon, Jackson ya halarci Jami'ar Wesleyan ta Illinois (BFA 1958). Ya yi aiki a Sojan Amurka kuma an sake shi da daraja a 1961. Ya halarci Jami'ar Iowa (M.F.A. 1963).

## Koyarwa
A cikin 1960s, ya koyar da darussan fasaha a jami'o'i da kwalejoji na gida na St. Louis kuma ya ci gaba da aiki a cikin wannan yanki. Ya kasance darektan shirye-shirye Uhuru a Pruitt da Igoe gidajen jama'a a St. Louis a cikin 1967 da 1968, wani shiri don kawo wa al'ummar Afirka masu karamin karfi hanya mai ma'ana ta haɓaka tattaunawa ta hanyar shirye-shiryen fasaha.

Ya koyar a St. Louis Community College (1964 zuwa 1967); Jami'ar Kudancin Illinois (1967 zuwa 1969); Jami'ar Washington a St. Louis (1967 zuwa 1969); da Kwalejin Oberlin (1969 zuwa 1970). A cikin 1971, ya koma California kuma ya shiga koyarwa a Jami'ar Jihar California, Sacramento, inda ya kasance har zuwa 2002.

## Aikin fasaha
Jackson yana da alaƙa da ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun Black Artists (BAG) a St. Louis ta hanyar abota ta kud da kud da wanda ya kafa BAG Julius Hemphill, kodayake shi ba ɗan BAG ba ne. BAG an kafa shi ta hanyar mawaƙa, masu fasahar wasan kwaikwayo, ƴan rawa da masu fasaha na gani a matsayin tsarin tallafi don ƙirƙira ƙirƙira tsakanin masu fasaha na Amurkawa na Afirka, kuma don samun matsayi mafi girma a cikin yanayin al'adu.

Hotunan Jackson sun samo asali ne a cikin siffofi na zahiri da na jijiyoyi, kuma galibi masu bayyanawa cikin yanayi. Akwai cakuɗar nassoshi na al'adu da zane-zane a cikin zane-zanensa ciki har da nassoshi game da fasahar tarihi na Afirka da Zamanin Turai. Hotunan kisan gillar Sharpeville a cikin Maris 1960 a Afirka ta Kudu sun zama abin sha'awa ga Jackson a cikin haɓakar sifofinsa na alama, kuma ya haifar da jerin Sharpeville (1968-1977).

Ayyukan Jackson suna cikin tarin kayan tarihi na Museum of Art Modern; Metropolitan Museum of Art; Studio Museum a Harlem; National Gallery of Art; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art;  San Jose Museum of Art; Seattle Art Museum; da sauran tarin jama’a da dama.

## Manazarta