Casualties of the Libyan civil war (2011)

Kimar yawan mutanen da suka mutu a yakin soja na shekarar 2011 a ƙasar Libya ya bambanta, inda kididdiga ke nuna adadi daga 15,000 zuwa 30,000 tsakanin ranar 2 ga Maris da 2 ga watan Oktoba, 2011. Ba a iya tantance adadi na gaske ba, saboda takunkumin da gwamnatin Libya ta sanya wa kafafen yada labarai. Wasu kididdigar masu taka-tsantsan sun bayyana. Wasu daga cikin kashe-kashen "na iya kai ga laifin cin zarafin ɗan adam" a cewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kuma tun daga watan Maris 2011, ana gudanar da bincike a kansu daga Kotun Duniya ta Shari’ar Laifuka.

## Mutuwar da sojojin gwamnati suka haifar
A ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairu, Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya da ke Yakin Masu Laifin Yaƙi ta ba da kimantawa cewa mutane 519 sun mutu, 3,980 sun ji rauni kuma sama da 1,500 sun ɓace.

Human Rights Watch ta kiyasta cewa an kashe akalla mutane 233 a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu.

A ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, Ministan Harkokin Waje na Italiya Franco Frattini ya bayyana cewa bisa ga bayanansa mutane 1,000 sun mutu ya zuwa yanzu.

A ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, IFHR ta ce an kashe sojoji 130 a Benghazi da Bayda, bayan sun tayar da kayar baya kuma sun goyi bayan masu zanga-zangar.

A ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, Navi Pillay, Babban Kwamishinan Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ya ce rahotanni sun nuna cewa "an kashe dubban mutane ko sun ji rauni".

## Mutuwar da sojojin 'yan tawaye suka haifar
Daga cikin jami'an tsaro akwai sama da mutane 1,700 da suka mutu, ciki har da fararen hula da ke goyon bayan gwamnati, wadanda ake zargi da ma'aikata  da sojoji na gwamnati. Akwai rahotanni da yawa cewa gwamnati da 'yan adawa sun kashe mambobin tsaro.

A ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, masu zanga-zangar sun rataye 'yan sanda biyu a Benghazi. Har ila yau, a wannan rana, 'yan Afirka baƙi 50, galibi daga Chadi, masu zanga-zangar ne suka kashe su a Bayda. An kashe wasu daga cikinsu lokacin da masu zanga-zangar suka ƙone ofishin 'yan sanda inda suka kulle su  kuma akalla an kashe 15 a gaban kotun a Bayda.  An nuna gawarwakin wasu daga cikinsu kuma an kama su a bidiyo. A ranar 23 ga watan Fabrairu, gwamnati ta tabbatar da cewa an kashe sojoji 111.

A ranar 23 ga watan Fabrairu, wani rukuni na sojoji 22 na gwamnati sun yi ƙoƙari su tsere daga sansanin jirgin sama kusa da Derna, wanda mayakan 'yan tawaye suka kewaye shi na kwanaki. A cikin sa'o'i, an kama su duka kuma a ƙarshe an harbe 14 daga cikinsu yayin da sojojin adawa suka rataye na 15. Tsakanin Fabrairu 15 da Mayu 22, an kashe tsoffin masu goyon bayan gwamnati 37 a Benghazi a cikin kisan gillar da wasu kungiyoyin adawa suka yi.

Zuwa ƙarshen Yaƙin Misrata (18 ga Fabrairu, 2011 - 15 ga Mayu, 2011), aƙalla 'yan Afirka 27 daga yankin Sahara daga Mali, Nijar ko Chadi, waɗanda ake zargi da kasancewa' yan kwangila, sojojin 'yan tawaye ne suka kashe su.

## Mutuwar da sojojin hadin gwiwa suka haifar
Majiyoyin jami'an Libya sun yi iƙirarin cewa akalla tsakanin mutane 64 zuwa 90 ne aka kashe a lokacin bama-bamai a cikin kwanaki biyu na farko na shiga tsakani na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kuma wasu 150 sun ji rauni. Kamfanin dillancin labarai na Vatican ya yi iƙirarin cewa a Tripoli kadai, akalla fararen hula 40 sun mutu sakamakon yakin fashewar bam. A cewar ofishin Lafiya na Libya, hare-haren jirgin sama sun kashe fararen hula 1,108 kuma sun ji rauni 4,500 a ranar 13 ga Yuli.

* A ranar 1 ga Afrilu, hare-haren jiragen sama na NATO sun kashe mayakan 'yan tawaye 14 kuma sun jikkata wasu bakwai a kan gaba a Brega . 
* A ranar 7 ga Afrilu, rahotanni na labarai sun bayyana cewa 'yan tawaye na NATO sun kashe' yan tawaye 10-13 kuma sun ji rauni 14-22 kusa da garin mai na gabashin Brega.
* A ranar 27 ga Afrilu, akalla jirgin yaki na NATO ya kai hari kan matsayin sojojin 'yan tawaye na Libya a kusa da birnin Misrata da aka kewaye, inda ya kashe mayakan 12 kuma ya jikkata wasu biyar.
* A ranar 13 ga watan Mayu, an yi iƙirarin cewa an kashe Imamai 11 na addini kuma wasu 50 sun ji rauni lokacin da harin jirgin saman NATO ya kai hari kan babban taro a Brega suna addu'a don zaman lafiya a cikin rikici na Libya.
* A ranar 19 ga Yuni, akalla fararen hula tara sun mutu a wani harin jirgin saman NATO a Tripoli. 'Yan jarida sun ga gawawwakin da aka cire daga ginin da aka rushe. NATO ta amince da cewa tana da alhakin mutuwar fararen hula.
* A ranar 20 ga Yuni, gwamnatin Libya ta wancan lokacin, ta yi iƙirarin cewa fararen hula 15 ciki har da yara uku sun mutu ta hanyar harin jirgin saman NATO a kan Sorman.
* A ranar 25 ga watan Yulin, an yi ikirarin kashe fararen hula 11  ta hanyar harin jirgin saman NATO a wani asibitin kiwon lafiya a Zliten. 
* A ranar 30 ga watan Yulin, an kashe 'yan jarida 3 kuma 15 sun ji rauni a hare-haren NATO a kan gidan talabijin na Libya Al-Jamahiriya, wanda ya ci gaba da watsa shirye-shirye bayan hare-harun.
* A ranar **9 ga watan Agusta**, gwamnatin Libya ta yi iƙirarin cewa an kashe fararen hula 85 a hare-haren jirgin saman NATO a kan Majer, ƙauyen da ke kusa da Zliten. Wani mai magana da yawun NATO ya tabbatar da cewa sun jefa bam a Zliten a ranar 8 da 9 ga watan Agusta,  amma ya ce bai iya tabbatar da wadanda suka mutu ba. Gwamnatin Libya ta ayyana kwanaki uku na makoki na kasa. Daga baya aka kai 'yan jarida asibiti inda suka ga aƙalla gawawwakin 30 ciki har da gawarwakin akalla yara biyu. Gwamnatin Libya ta yi iƙirarin cewa an kai gawarwakin wasu da aka kashe a hare-haren sama zuwa wasu asibitoci. Kwamandan aikin soja na NATO a Libya, Lieutenant Janar Charles Bouchard ya ce "Ba zan iya gaskata cewa fararen hula 85 sun kasance ba lokacin da muka kai hari da sassafe, kuma an ba da bayananmu. Amma ba zan iya tabbatar muku da cewa babu wani ba".
* A ranar 2 ga Maris, 2012, bayan kammala tashin hankali, Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta fitar da cikakken rahoto wanda ya kammala cewa a cikin jimlar fararen hula 60 ne aka kashe kuma 55 suka ji rauni ta yakin jirgin saman NATO.

## Matsayi na Shari'a
A ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, 2011, Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNSC) ta bayyana a cikin Ƙudurin UNSC na 1970, "harin da aka yi a halin yanzu a Jamahiriya ta Larabawa a kan fararen hula na iya zama laifuka ga bil'adama"  kuma ta kira "yanayin" a Libya tun daga ranar 15 ga Fabraira, zuwa Kotun hukunta mutane ta Duniya (ICC),  kotun dindindin wacce a halin yanzu za ta iya gurfanar da mutane saboda kisan kare dangi, laifuka da bil'adadama ko Laifukan yaki. A ranar 4 ga watan Maris, ICC ta sanya bincike kan lamarin ga Chamber I, wanda ya kunshi Alkalin Cuno Tarfusser daga Italiya, Alkalin Sylvia Steiner daga Brazil da Alkalin Sanji Mmasenono Monageng daga Botswana.

Sakataren Janar na NATO Anders Fogh Rasmussen ya bayyana a ranar 28 ga watan Maris cewa NATO ba ta nuna son kai kuma ta fassara sharuddan UNSC Resolution 1973 kan kare fararen hula don amfani da su ga 'yan tawaye da sojojin gwamnati. BBC ta bayyana cewa "yan tawaye sun ji cewa suna da 'mahimmanci' game da aikin NATO, [yi imani] cewa kasashen yamma sun shiga su a cikin kamfen ɗin canjin mulki. " Sakatare Janar na NATO ya bayyana yiwuwar NATO za ta kai farmaki ga sojojin 'yan tawaye waɗanda ke jefa fararen hula cikin haɗari a matsayin "tunanin" a ranar hira.

## Jerin lokutan mutuwar da aka ruwaito a kowane taron

### Mutuwar mayaƙa

### Rasa rayukan masu yaƙi

An ruwaito cewa an kashe akalla fararen hula 5,637 zuwa 7,046 zuwa ranar 23 ga Oktoba, 2011. Duk da haka, wasu fararen hula sun kuma mutu a lokacin Yakin Benghazi na biyu da kuma yayin yakin da aka yi a tsaunukan Nafusa, don haka yawan mutanen da suka mutu na iya kasancewa mafi girma. Hakanan, adadin fararen hula da aka ruwaito an kashe su a cikin harin sama na NATO na iya zama ƙasa da yadda aka bayyana, domin an tabbatar da cewa wasu daga cikin yawan mutanen da gwamnati ta bayyana da suka mutu a hare-haren daban-daban sun kasance masu yawa fiye da gaskiya. 

### Jimillar mutuwar

A ƙarshe, bisa ga lambobin da aka gabatar, an ruwaito mutuwar mutane 14,572 zuwa 18,873, inda wasu ba a tabbatar da su ba.

'Yan adawa sun bayyana kusa da ƙarshen yaƙin cewa mutane 25,000 sun mutu kuma 4,000 an ruwaito sun ɓace.

A watan Janairu 2013, sabuwar gwamnatin Libya, bisa ga bayanan da ake ci gaba da dubawa, ta kimanta cewa adadin waɗanda suka mutu ya fi ƙaranci fiye tsammani a baya, inda 4,700 daga cikin waɗanda suka mutu suka kasance mayaƙan 'yan tawayen, adadi makamancin haka na sojojin goyon bayan gwamnati da wani adadi da ba a fayyace ba na fararen hula. An kiyasta cewa 2,100 daga cikin 'yan tawaye da sojojin gwamnati sun ɓace.

Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project, wanda ke tattara bayanan duk mutuwar da aka ruwaito sakamakon tashin hankali na siyasa a nahiyar Afirka, ta lissafa mutuwar 6,109 daga 15 ga Fabrairu zuwa 23 ga Oktoba 2011, inda 1,319 suka mutu kafin NATO ta fara kai hari. Alan Kuperman, farfesa a Jami'ar Austin, ya ƙididdige cewa kusan 'yan Libya 1,000, ciki har da fararen hula, 'yan tawaye da sojoji, sun mutu tsakanin fara tawaye a tsakiyar Fabrairu da farawar hari daga NATO a tsakiyar Maris.

Uppsala Conflict Data Program, wata hanyar jama’a don samun bayanai game da nau’o’in tashin hankali da aka shirya (misali: masu hannu, asarar rayuka, rana, wuri, da sauransu), ta bayyana cewa daga 1,914 zuwa 3,466 mutane sun mutu a lokacin faɗan shekarar 2011. Hakanan bayanansu ya nuna cewa daga 152 zuwa 168 fararen hula an kashe su da gangan daga hannun rundunar Gaddafi a shekara ta 2011.

Wani bincike a cikin mujallar African Journal of Emergency Medicine a watan Satumba 2015 ya gano cewa mutane 21,490 sun mutu tsakanin Fabrairu 2011 zuwa Fabrairu 2012 sakamakon mutuwar kai tsaye (mutane da suka mutu a lokacin faɗa) da kuma mutuwar kai tsaye (lalacewar ababen more rayuwa da ƙaruwa na mutuwar jama’a).
## Jimillar mutuwa
Jimillar adadin mutanen da suka mutu sun haɗa da masu zanga-zanga, masu dauke da makamai, da fararen hula:

## Mutane masu fice da suka mutu, suka bace, da sauran al'amura

* Ali Hassan al-Jaber, ɗan jarida daga Qatar a Al Jazeera, an kashe shi
* Mohammed Nabbous, ɗan jarida ɗan Libiya kuma wanda ya kafa Libya Alhurra TV, an kashe shi
* Kais al-Hilali, ɗan Libiya mai zane-zanen siyasa da ya shahara wajen yin zanen bangon adawa da Gaddafi, an kashe shi
* Tim Hetherington, ɗan asalin Birtaniya-Amurka mai ɗaukar hoton labarai, an kashe shi
* Chris Hondros, ɗan asalin Amurka mai ɗaukar hoton labarai, an kashe shi
* Ahmed Eyzert, injiniya da ya gano kuma ya tsara dabarar amfani da hoton tauraron Google Earth tare da lamba don inganta daidaiton harbin bindiga, an kashe shi
* Saif al-Arab Gaddafi, ɗan Muammar Gaddafi, an kashe shi tare da wasu jikokin Gaddafi a cikin harin NATO
* Iman al-Obeidi, ɗalibar digiri na biyu daga Libiya mai karatun dokoki, rahoton fyade da martani daga gwamnati da kafafen yada labarai
* Rana Akbani, ɗan jarida daga Syria da aka tsare daga Maris 28 zuwa Afrilu 14
* Anton Hammerl, ɗan daukar hoto daga Afirka ta Kudu, ya bace kuma ana kyautata zaton an kashe shi a ranar Afrilu 5
* Manu Brabo, ɗan daukar hoto daga Spain, yana tsare a hannun gwamnati daga Afrilu 5 zuwa Mayu 18
* James Foley, ɗan jarida daga Amurka a hannun gwamnati daga Afrilu 5 zuwa Mayu 18
* Clare Morgana Gillis, 'yar jarida daga Amurka a hannun gwamnati daga Afrilu 5 zuwa Mayu 18
* Nigel Chandler, ɗan jarida daga Birtaniya da aka saki daga tsare a ranar Mayu 18
* Khamis Gaddafi, ɗan Muammar Gaddafi, an kashe shi lokacin da motarsa ta lalace a ranar Agusta 29
* Muammar Gaddafi, shugaban Libiya daga 1969–2011, an kashe shi a garin haihuwarsa na Sirte a ranar Oktoba 20
* Mutassim Gaddafi, ɗan Muammar Gaddafi, an kashe shi tare da mahaifinsa a ranar Oktoba 20

## Manazarta