Rashin zafi na Turai na 2019

A ƙarshen Yuni da ƙarshen Yuli 2019 akwai raƙuman zafi guda biyu na ɗan lokaci na Turai, waɗanda suka kafa rikodin zafin jiki a Belgium, Faransa, Jamus, Luxembourg, Netherlands, da Ingila.

Ruwa na farko na zafi, a ƙarshen Yuni, ya kashe sama da mutane 567,  kuma bisa ga masu binciken yanayi ya haifar da matsin lamba da iskõki daga hamadar Sahara da ke shafar manyan sassan nahiyar.  Ya haifar da yanayin zafi na watan Yuni a wurare da yawa. Faransa ta sami yanayin zafi sama da  ° C (113 ° F) a karo na farko a tarihin da aka rubuta. Rubuce-rubucen zafin jiki na kasa na  ° C (114.8 ° F) ya faru a ranar 28 ga Yuni a Vérargues.

A ƙarshen Yuli, guguwar zafi ta biyu ta faru, a lokacin da aka karya rikodin lokaci ta  ° C (5.4 ° F) a Belgium, ta  ° C (3.8 ° F) A Jamus da Netherlands, ta  ° C (0.5 ° F) na Luxembourg, da kuma  ° C (0.4 ° F). An bayar da rahoton mutuwar mutane 868 a Faransa da mutum daya a Belgium, tare da dubban dabbobi lokacin da tsarin iska a cikin shaguna ya cika. Saboda yanayin zafi na ruwa mai zurfi da raguwa, musamman a Faransa da kuma wasu Jamus, yawancin Tashoshin wutar lantarki da ke amfani da sanyaya sau ɗaya kuma ba su da hasumiyoyin sanyaya dole ne su rage fitarwa ko rufe don kauce wa karya iyakokin muhalli akan yanayin zafi na kogi wanda aka tsara don kare rayuwar ruwa.

## Tarihin yanayi

Yanayin zafi na sama da na yau da kullun a watan Yuni ya haifar da wani anticyclone mai tsawo a cikin troposphere na sama, wanda ke advects iska mai dumi daga yankin Sahel da Bahar Rum kuma yana inganta radiation na hasken rana mai shigowa da kuma yaduwar tashin hankali. Rashin gagarumin anticyclone ya samo asali ne daga tsarin da ba a saba gani ba na Burtaniya-Baikal Corridor da kuma taron da ya faru na Rossby a Turai.

Ruwa mai zafi na Yuli ya samo asali ne daga wani nau'i mai karfi na omega,  wanda ya ƙunshi iska mai zafi, busasshiyar iska daga Arewacin Afirka, wanda ya makale tsakanin tsarin guguwa mai sanyi. Yankin matsin lamba mai zafi, wanda ake kira Yvonne, ya shimfiɗa daga tsakiyar Bahar Rum zuwa Scandinavia kuma an sanya shi tsakanin yankuna biyu masu matsin lamba, ɗaya a yammacin Rasha ɗayan kuma a gabashin Atlantic.

## Matattu
An kiyasta yawan mutuwar da aka yi a kusa da 2,500 a lokacin watanni na rani a cikin 2019.  Yawancin waɗannan an haifar da su ne ta hanyar kai tsaye kuma an lura da su a cikin ƙididdigar ƙididdiga daga baya a wannan shekarar. Dangane da ƙididdigar ƙasa ɗaya, wannan adadi na iya zama ƙididdigat. Gwamnatin Holland ta ba da rahoton mutuwar mutane 400 a cikin makon guguwar zafi ta Yuni, adadi da za a iya kwatanta da waɗanda aka rubuta a lokacin guguwar zafin Turai ta 2006.

Faransa ta kiyasta karin mutuwar mutane 1,435 saboda guguwar zafi. Lafiya ta Jama'a Ingila ta ba da rahoton mutuwar mutane 900 daga guguwar zafi. Cibiyar Robert Koch ta ba da rahoton mutuwar mutane 500 a Berlin kadai. Belgium ta ba da rahoton aƙalla mutuwar mutane 716 a lokacin rani.

## Bincike
Ya zuwa 1 ga watan Agusta, Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya ta yi la'akari da Yuli 2019 aƙalla a ɗaure shi don watan da ya fi zafi da aka taɓa yin rikodin, bisa ga matsakaicin zafin duniya. A baya, Yuni 2019 an gano shi ne Yuni mafi zafi a rubuce. An tabbatar da wannan a ranar 5 ga watan Agusta ta hanyar EU Earth Observation Network, wanda ya gano shi  ° C (0.072 ° F) ya fi zafi fiye da mai rikodin da ya gabata, Yuli 2016. 2019 gabaɗaya an gano yana kan hanya don sabuwar shekara mafi zafi a rikodin.

An buga wani binciken taron, hadin gwiwa tsakanin kungiyoyin yanayi da cibiyoyin Turai da yawa, a ranar 2 ga watan Agusta 2019. Ya gano cewa yanayin zafi da aka samu a lokacin guguwar zafi zai kasance 1.5 zuwa  ° C (2.7 zuwa 5.4 ° F) ƙasa da ba don dumama duniya ba, kuma yanayin zafi da ake rubuta a Faransa da Netherlands zai faru a can a matsakaita ƙasa da sau ɗaya a cikin dubban shekaru. A cewar jagoran marubucin binciken, a halin yanzu na dumama, irin wannan guguwar za ta kasance mai karfi 3 ° C (5.4 ° F) nan da shekara ta 2050

## Manazarta

* Ruwa mai zafi na Turai na 2003
* Ruwa mai zafi na Turai na 2006
* Ruwa mai zafi na Turai na 2018
* Ruwa na zafi na Turai na 2022
* Rashin zafi na Turai na 2023
* Rashin zafi na Turai na 2024
* 2019 Wutar daji ta Siberia
* Jerin bayanan yanayi
* Jerin raƙuman zafi a cikin 2019
* Canjin yanayi a Turai

## Manazarta