Kwayar cutar lantarki ta microbe

Microbial electrolysis carbon capture (MECC) wata dabara ce ta kama carbon ta amfani da kwayoyin microbial elechtrolysis a lokacin maganin ruwa. MECC yana haifar da maganin ruwan sharar gida na carbon mai guba ta hanyar cire carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) yayin tsarin magani a cikin nau'in calcite, da kuma samar da iskar gas mai fa'ida.

Hutun carbon dioxide na Anthropogenic yana ba da gudummawa ga canjin yanayi na yanki saboda gudummawar da mahaɗin ke bayarwa ga tasirin iskar gas a cikin yanayi. Yawancin burin ragewa don cire CO2 daga yanayi sun dogara ne akan matakan CO2 da aka samar ta hanyar konewa man fetur a matsayin tushen samar da makamashi. Amfani da man fetur na burbushin halittu yana fitar da CO2 da sauran mahadi masu guba kamar da a cikin tsarin konewa. Ci gaban tattalin arziki ya dogara da samar da makamashi don sufuri da samar da kayayyaki da aiyuka na masana'antu, ana sa ran adadin CO2 da aka fitar zai ci gaba da ƙaruwa a nan gaba.

Gudanar da ruwa mai guba yana nuna karamin kashi na hayakin gas. A halin yanzu, maganin ruwa mai guba yana cinye "3% na jimlar wutar lantarki a cikin Amurka"  Akalla galan tiriliyan 12 na ruwan guba ana kula da su a Amurka kadai a kowace shekara, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga 1.5% na hayakin gas na duniya. Microbial electrolysis carbon capture (MECC) tsari ne wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga aikin Makamashi mai ɗorewa a bangarorin masu zaman kansu da na jama'a. MECC tana amfani da kaddarorin da ke cikin ruwa mai guba, kamar abubuwan da ke cikin kwayoyin, don cire carbon dioxide da samar da calcite precipitate da hydrogen gas.

## Tarihi
Wastewater treatment plants are held accountable by The 2004 Greenhouse Gas Protocol Initiative for their emissions of greenhouse gases by the use of electricity to treat wastewater. For example, energy is required for the aeration process that releases volatile compounds from the water, and also for the mixing and transportation of polluted and recycled fluid moving throughout the process. The electricity generation process itself necessary for wastewater treatment produces CO2, CH4, and nitrous oxide. The aerobic treatment step of the water releases N2O and CO2, similar to the particle settling step, and the activated sludge step releases both CO2 and methane.

Microbes in wastewater have the potential to enhance mineralization of CO2. Mineralization of CO2 into CaCO3 immobilizes CO2 which prevent leakages by stabilizing underground pressure and reducing permeability of the cap rock. By Le Chatelier's principle, increasing Ca2+ availability and increasing pH will increase the rate of mineralization. Negatively charged surfaces on microbes have a high affinity for cations such as Ca2+ and, though metabolic function, increase saturation of CO2 in solution. In addition, bacterial ureolysis (hydrolysis of urea) increases pH of the solution.

## Fasahar MECC ta amfani da ruwa mai guba
Tsarin microbial electrolytic tsari yana amfani da ruwa mai datti a matsayin tushen ions da aka caje kuma yana fitar da iskar hydrogen ta hanyar amfani da tantanin halitta na lantarki.  Ruwan datti da kansa yana samar da electrolytes kuma ana amfani dashi don narkar da ma'adanai.  Yana cikin ruwan sharar gida inda halayen ke faruwa waɗanda ke ɗaure ƙwayoyin CO 2 don yin sabbin abubuwa. 

A kan anode, microorganisms da ake kira exoelectrogens suna hulɗa tare da mahadi na kwayoyin halitta don raba hydrogen da samar da CO2. Sakamakon electrons suna tafiya ta hanyar da'irar zuwa cathode, inda suke rage ruwa, don samar da iskar H2 da OH− ions. Karin pH na cathode yana narkar da ma'adanai na silicate, yana sakin ions na ƙarfe kamar Ca2+. Protons (H +) da aka samar a aikin anode tare da waɗannan ions na ƙarfe don kamawa kuma a ƙarshe ma'adinai CO2 zuwa carbonate. Saboda babban samar da H2gas, da kuma ikon tsarin don sake amfani da har zuwa 95% na iskar gas, sakamakon shine riba na 57-63kJ / mol CO2 , ko riba na 63kJ a kowace mol na CO2 da aka kama.

CO2 da aka tsare da H2 da aka samar tare da wannan hanyar, da kuma kasancewa "net energy positive" an ambaci su musamman a matsayin manyan abubuwan da suka faru na tsari, da kuma damar amfani da kayan da aka sake amfani da su kamar HCO3− wanda MECC ta samar wanda ke da amfani ga tsire-tsire na tsabtace ruwa. Ana iya ba da ruwan da ya rage ga tsire-tsire na CO2 na waje (kamar wutar lantarki).  Wani fa'ida na tsarin MECC akan wasu hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su kamar narkewar anaerobic shine cewa MECC yana aiki da kyau a yanayin zafi, karamin sikelin, da ƙananan COD. Sashe na tattalin arziki ya bayyana rashin amfanin tattalin arziki na yanzu na wannan tsari.

## Tattalin Arziki na MECC
Har yanzu ba a aiwatar da kamawar carbon electrolytic microbial ba a cikin tsire-tsire na ruwa na yanzu, saboda haka farashin tattalin arziki da fa'idodi sune tsinkaya na yanzu bisa binciken fasahar maimakon bayanan aiki. Lu et al. 2015 ta taƙaita yuwuwar fa'idodin tattalin arziki na amfani da MECC a cikin labarin 2015 wanda a ciki suka ayyana hanyar MECC.  Sakamakon su ya kiyasta "$ 48 a kowace ton CO 2 ragewa"  farashin net don fasahar MECC da aka yi amfani da su ga tsire-tsire na ruwa. Wannan ƙididdiga abubuwan ƙima a cikin farashin makamashi na parasitic, farashin aiki da babban birnin farko da ake buƙata don aiwatar da MECC, da yuwuwar kashe kuɗi kamar kudaden shiga saboda maganin ruwa, samar da H 2, da rage yawan man mai don masana'antar H 2 na kasuwanci da kuma kula da ruwan sha. 

Hasashen kuɗin da aka yi hasashe na $48 a kowace ton na rage CO 2 ya yi ƙasa da ƙimar da aka ƙididdigewa don gurɓataccen ƙarfin wutar lantarki bayan konewar iskar carbon ta amfani da MEA da tsarin geologic ($ 65/t-CO 2 ),  wanda a halin yanzu shine fasaha mafi haɓaka Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS). Hasashen farashin MECC kuma yana da ƙasa da farashin sauran fasahohin CCS da yawa: hanyoyin ɗaukar iska CO 2 kai tsaye (kimanin $ 1000 / t-CO 2 ),  fasahar Bio-Energy Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) dabara ($ 60-250 / t-CO 2 ),  hanyar abiotic electrolytic [4] narkar da sigina [ CO8t ]   da kuma tarwatsa wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da carbon carbon ta hanyar sha da fasaha na membrane ($ 70-270 / t-CO 2 ).  Harkokin tattalin arziki na tsarin MECC don kama carbon zai amfana daga bincike na gaba a inganta ƙira da kayan da aka yi amfani da su.  Ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don tsinkaya iyakokin farashi da koma baya da suka shafi aikin injiniya da gudanar da tsarin MECC mai aiki a cikin tsire-tsire na ruwa na yanzu. 

Masu sukar MECC suna tattauna rashin inganci na tsari, shigarwa, kayan aiki, da yiwuwar koma baya wanda zai iya haifar da asarar tattalin arziki. Kodayake an tsara MECC don zama mai rahusa fiye da sauran dabarun kama carbon na yanzu, yana da tsada sosai (a kan tsari na sau 800 mafi tsada) fiye da fasahar maganin ruwa mai guba ta yanzu sabili da haka yana fuskantar babbar shingen aiwatarwa a cikin masana'antun tsabtace ruwa na jama'a da masu zaman kansu. Bugu da ƙari, ingancin fasahar Microbial Fuel Cell, wanda yayi kama da tsarin microbial da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin MECC, an soki shi saboda rashin tabbas saboda dogaro da sinadarai da abubuwan gina jiki na ruwa mai guba, da kuma lafiyar kwayoyin halitta masu rai. MFCs marasa inganci suna haifar da farashin aiki mafi girma yayin da farashin ya canza tare da tashi daga matsakaicin ingancin tsarin.

## Manazarta