Porsche 356

**Porsche 356** mota ce ta wasanni wadda kamfanin kasar Ostiriya Porsche Konstruktionen GesmbH (1948-1949) ya fara kera ta, sannan kuma kamfanin Jamus Dr. Ing. hc F. Porsche GmbH (1950-1965). Motar farko ce ta samar da Porsche. Motocin farko da kamfanin na Ostiriya ya kera sun hada da motar tseren tseren Cisitalia Grand Prix, da Volkswagen Beetle, da motocin Grand Prix na Auto Union .

356 mai nauyi ne mai sauƙi kuma mai sauƙin sarrafawa, injin baya, motar baya, kofa biyu akwai duka biyun a cikin babban coupé da buɗewa. Sabbin abubuwan injiniya sun ci gaba a cikin shekarun da aka yi, suna ba da gudummawa ga nasarar wasannin motsa jiki da shahararsa. An fara samarwa a cikin shekara ta alif 1948 a Gmünd, Austria, inda Porsche ya gina kusan motoci 50. A cikin alif 1950 masana'antar ta koma Zuffenhausen, Jamus, kuma gabaɗayan samar da 356 ya ci gaba har zuwa Afrilu 1965, da kyau bayan samfurin maye gurbin 911 ya fara halarta a watan Satumba ta alif 1964. Daga cikin 76,000 da aka samar a asali, kusan rabin sun tsira. 

## Tarihi
Kafin yakin duniya na biyu Porsche ya tsara tare da gina motoci nau'i 64 guda uku don tseren Berlin zuwa Rome a 1939 wanda aka soke. A cikin 1948 an kammala tsakiyar injin,  tubular chassis 356 samfuri mai suna " No. 1 ". Wannan ya haifar da wasu muhawara game da motar "Porsche" ta farko. Ko da yake ainihin naúrar Porsche 356 tana da wurin tsakiyar tsakiyar injin, 356 na baya-bayan nan yana ɗaukar Porsche a matsayin samfurin samarwa na farko.  

356 Ferdinand "Ferry" Porsche (ɗan Ferdinand Porsche, wanda ya kafa kamfanin Jamus), wanda ya kafa kamfanin Austrian tare da 'yar uwarsa, Louise . Kamar dan uwansa, Volkswagen Beetle (wanda Ferdinand Porsche Sr. ya tsara), 356 yana da silinda hudu, mai sanyaya iska, injin baya, motar motsa jiki tare da hadaddiyar kwanon rufi da ginin jiki. Chassis sabon zane ne, kamar yadda jikin 356 yake, wanda ma'aikacin Porsche Erwin Komenda ya tsara. A lokaci guda kuma, wasu kayan aikin injina, da suka haɗa da harsashin injin da wasu abubuwan dakatarwa, an samo su ne daga Volkswagen kuma da farko. Ferry Porsche ya bayyana tunanin da ke tattare da ci gaban 356 a cikin wata hira da editan "Panorama", mujallar PCA, a cikin Satumba 1972. ". . . A koyaushe ina tuka motoci masu sauri sosai. Ina da Alfa Romeo, da BMW, da sauransu. …. A ƙarshen yaƙin, ina da Volkswagen Cabriolet mai injina mai caji, kuma wannan shine ainihin ra'ayin. Na ga cewa idan kana da isasshen wutar lantarki a cikin karamar mota, ya fi kyau tuƙi fiye da idan kana da babbar mota wacce ita ma ta fi ƙarfin. Kuma ya fi nishadi. A kan wannan ainihin ra'ayin, mun fara samfurin Porsche na farko. Don sanya motar ta yi haske, don samun injin da ke da ƙarfin dawakai… wannan shine wurin zama na farko da muka gina a Carinthia ( Gmünd )”.

Na farko 356 an tabbatar da hanya a Ostiriya a ranar 8 ga Yuni, 1948, kuma an shiga cikin tseren a Innsbruck, inda ya ci nasara a aji.  Porsche ya sake sabunta motar tare da mai da hankali kan aikin. Volkswagen da Porsche sun raba ƙananan sassa yayin da shekarun 1950 suka ci gaba. Porsche ya kera motocin farko na 356 da hannu a Gmünd a cikin aluminum, amma lokacin da aka ƙaura zuwa Zuffenhausen, Jamus, a cikin 1950, samfuran da aka samar akwai nau'ikan ƙarfe. Motocin da ke jikin aluminum daga wannan ƙaramin kamfani su ne abin da a yanzu ake kira "prototypes". Porsche ya ba wa kamfanin Reutter kwangilar gina jikin karfe kuma  baya ya sayi kamfanin Reutter a shekarar alif 1963.

Ba a lura da shi ba a farkonsa, galibi ta ƴan ƴan sha'awar tseren mota, 356 na farko da aka sayar a Austria da Jamus. Ya ɗauki Porsche shekaru biyu, farawa da samfurin farko a 1948, don kera motoci 50 na farko. A farkon shekarun 1950, 356 sun sami shahara a tsakanin masu sha'awar a bangarorin biyu na Tekun Atlantika saboda yanayin iska, kulawa, da ingantaccen ingancin gini. Nasarar aji a Le Mans a 1951 ya kasance dalili.  Ya zama ruwan dare ga masu su yi tseren mota tare da tuka su a kan tituna. Sun gabatar da injin tseren cam huɗu na " Carrera ", sabon ƙira kuma na musamman ga motocin wasanni na Porsche, a ƙarshen 1954. Ingantacciyar nasara tare da tseren motoci da motocinsa ya kawo odar Porsche sama da raka'a 10,000 a cikin 1964, kuma a lokacin da samar da 356 ya ƙare a 1965 an samar da kusan 76,000. 

An gina 356 a cikin jeri huɗu daban-daban, na asali ("pre-A"), sannan 356 ya biyo baya.&nbsp;A, 356&nbsp;B, kuma a ƙarshe na 356&nbsp;C. Don bambanta tsakanin manyan bita na ƙirar, 356s gabaɗaya ana rarraba su zuwa wasu manyan ƙungiyoyi. 356 coupés da "cabriolets" (mai laushi) da aka gina ta 1955 ana iya gane su da sauri ta hanyar rabuwar su (1948 zuwa 1952) ko lankwasa (tsakiyar-creased, 1953 zuwa 1955) gilashin iska. A ƙarshen 1955 356&nbsp;A ya bayyana, mai lanƙwasa gilashin gilashi. Hanyar A ita ce hanya ta farko da za ta fara zuwa Porsche don ba da injin kyamara huɗu na Carrera a matsayin zaɓi. A ƙarshen 1959 T5 356&nbsp;B ya bayyana; sai kuma jerin T6 da aka sake tsarawa 356&nbsp;B a 1962. Sigar ƙarshe shine 356&nbsp;C, kadan ya canza daga motocin marigayi T6 B amma birki na diski ya maye gurbin ganguna.
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