Ayyukan Artemis

Operation Artemis, a hukumance Sojojin Tarayyar Turai na Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo (**EUFOR**), wani aikin soja ne na ɗan gajeren lokaci wanda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta jagoranta zuwa Jamhuriwar Demokradiyya ta Kongo a shekara ta 2003, a lokacin Rikicin Ituri . ARTEMIS an dauke shi aikin soja na farko da EU ta jagoranta, aikin farko na EU mai cin gashin kansa, aikin farko da ya dace na EU, aikin farko a waje da Turai, aikin farko wanda ya yi amfani da ka'idar tsarin al'umma da kuma misali na farko na "aikin sakewa", wanda aka gudanar tare da hadin gwiwa tsakanin EU da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Aika sojojin EUFOR da sauri ya rage tsananin rikici. Ya nuna aikin soja na farko na EU mai cin gashin kansa a waje da Turai da kuma muhimmiyar mahimmanci a ci gaban Manufofin Tsaro da Tsaro na Turai.

## Tarihi
A lokacin Yaƙin Kongo na Biyu, Rikicin Ituri ya faru a Yankin Ituri tare da Tafkin Albert da iyakar Uganda. An yi rikicin Ituri tsakanin kabilun da ba na gwamnati ba, Lendu da Hema, wanda ya haifar da mutuwar dubban mutane a shekara ta 2003.

### 2003 Yakin Yakin Ituri
A shekara ta 2003, 'yan bindiga na Lendu da Hema suna gwagwarmaya don kula da garin bayan Sojoji Uganda sun janye bayan sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya, kuma' yan sanda na Kongo sun gudu. A lokacin tattaunawa game da tura rundunar kasa da kasa, jami'an diflomasiyyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun damu da maimaita Kisan kare dangi na Rwanda a shekarar 1994. Bayan jerin kisan kiyashi, ciki har da Harin Bogoro na watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2003, da rahotanni da Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo (MONUC) ya bayar game da mummunar cin zarafin 'yancin dan adam, Majalisar Tsaro ta amince da Resolution 1484 a ranar 30 ga Mayu shekara ta 2003 kuma ta ba da izinin tura rundunar gaggawa ta Faransa (IMEF) zuwa babban birnin yankin Bunia.

### Ayyukan lura da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da janyewar sojojin Uganda
A farkon shekara ta 2003, tawagar masu sa ido ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo (MONUC) da ke cikin wannan ƙasar tun 1999, sun sa ido kan manyan fadace-fadace da take hakkin dan adam a lardin Ituri inda rikici na Ituri ke tasowa a cikin shekaru hudu da suka gabata.

Fitar da sojojin Uganda 7,000 a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2003 ya haifar da mummunar yanayin tsaro a yankin Ituri, wanda ya jefa tsarin zaman lafiya a cikin DRC cikin haɗari.  A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2003, an tura sojoji 800 na Uganda a Bunia kuma mai kallo daya ya mutu a fashewar bam. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2003, 'yan bindiga sun kashe masu lura da sojoji biyu.

## Shiga tsakani
Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Kofi Annan ya yi kira ga kafawa da tura dakarun kasa da yawa na wucin gadi zuwa yankin har sai an karfafa aikin MONUC da ya raunana. A ranar 30 ga Mayu 2003, Majalisar Tsaro ta amince da Resolution 1484 da ke ba da izinin tura rundunar gaggawa ta Interim Multinational (IMEF) zuwa Bunia tare da aiki don tabbatar da filin jirgin sama, kare mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu a sansanoni da fararen hula a garin.

Gwamnatin Faransa ta riga ta nuna sha'awar jagorantar aikin. Ba da daɗewa ba ya fadada zuwa aikin da EU ke jagoranta tare da Faransa a matsayin "Al'umma ta jagoranci" wanda ke ba da yawancin ma'aikata (900 daga cikin sojoji 1400)  kuma an kara da gudummawa daga kasashen EU da wadanda ba na EU ba. Jirgin saman Faransa da ke filin jirgin saman N'Djamena da Entebbe sun goyi bayan rundunar. An kuma kara wani karamin rukuni na Sojoji na Musamman na Sweden (SSG da FJS IK, wanda shine kamfani mai horar da musamman daga Makarantar Ranger ta Sweden).

* Military forces: Belgium, Brazil, Canada, France, Greece, South Africa, Sweden, United Kingdom, 
* Headquarters staff: Austria, Cyprus, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Germany 

An kaddamar da Operation Artemis a ranar 12 ga Yuni kuma IMEF ta kammala turawa a cikin makonni uku masu zuwa. Rundunar ta yi nasara wajen tabbatar da halin da ake ciki a Bunia da kuma tilasta kasancewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a cikin DRC. A ranar 1 ga Satumba 2003, an ba da alhakin tsaro na yankin ga aikin MONUC. An ba da lambar ma'aikatan da aka ba da izini a cikin aikin MONUC a baya a cikin Resolution 1493.

Bayan saurin tura kimanin sojoji 1800 zuwa yankin a watan Yunin 2003, an sami Bunia amma kisan kiyashi ya ci gaba a cikin ƙauyuka. A ranar 1 ga Satumba 2003, an ba da alhakin tsaro na yankin ga aikin MONUC.

## Dutse mai mahimmanci
A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2003, daya daga cikin manyan jam'iyyun da ke yaƙi a yankin, Union of Congolese Patriots (UPC) ya rabu kuma fada a yankin ya ragu sosai. Artemis ita ce aikin soja na farko na EU mai cin gashin kansa a waje da Turai - wani muhimmin abu ne a ci gaban Manufofin Tsaro da Tsaro na Turai.

## Manazarta