Makhenkesi Stofile

**Makhenkesi Arnold Stofile** (27 Disamba 1944 - 15 Agusta 2016) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma mai fafutukar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na biyu na Gabashin Cape daga shekarun 1997 zuwa 2004. Bayan haka, ya kasance Ministan Wasanni da Nishaɗi daga shekarun 2004 zuwa 2010. Ya kuma kasance mamba a kwamitin gudanarwa na jam'iyyar ANC ta ƙasa.

An haife shi a Gabashin Cape, Stofile ya kasance minista da aka naɗa na Cocin Presbyterian na Kudancin Afirka kuma ya shafe yawancin zamanin mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata a matsayin masanin tauhidi a Jami'ar Fort Hare. A sa'i ɗaya kuma, ya shiga jam'iyyar ANC a ƙarƙashin ƙasa a shekarar 1970, kuma a shekarar 1983 ya shiga cikin jam'iyyar United Democratic Front, a matsayinsa na sakataren yanki a yankin Border da kuma mamba na zartarwa na ƙasa. A cikin shekarar 1987, an same shi da laifin aikata laifin siyasa kuma an ɗaure shi a Ciskei na tsawon shekaru uku. Shi kansa ƙwararren ɗan wasan rugby, ne Stofile kuma ƙwararren ɗan wasa ne a harkokin wasannin motsa jiki da ba na launin fata ba a gabashin Cape, kuma shi ne ya kafa Majalisar Afirka ta Kudu kan Wasanni a shekarar 1989.

Bayan kawo ƙarshen mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata a shekarar 1994, Stofile ya shiga Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa  a matsayin Babban Shugaban Masu rinjaye na ANC. Ya riƙe wannan muƙamin har zuwa watan Fabrairun shekarar 1997, lokacin da ya koma lardinsa domin maye gurbin Raymond Mhlaba a matsayin firaminista na Gabashin Cape. Ya kuma kasance ma'ajin jam'iyyar ANC na ƙasa daga shekarun 1994 zuwa 1997 da kuma shugabanta na lardin Gabashin Cape daga shekarun 1996 zuwa 2006.

Stofile ya koma gwamnatin ƙasa bayan zaɓen gama gari na watan Afrilu 2004, wanda aka naɗa shi a matsayin ministan wasanni da nishadi a majalisar ministoci ta biyu ta shugaba Thabo Mbeki. A lokacin aikinsa a ma'aikatar, Afirka ta Kudu ta karɓi bakuncin gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA 2010. Bayan da shugaba Jacob Zuma ya kori Stofile daga majalisar ministoci a watan Oktoban shekarar 2010, ya riƙe muƙamin jakadan Afirka ta Kudu a Jamus tsakanin shekarar 2011 zuwa 2015, lokacin da ya yi ritaya.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Stofile a ranar 27 ga Disamba 1944 a wata gona a Adelaide a tsohuwar Lardin Cape.  Shi ne babba a cikin ’ya’ya bakwai da Simon da Tozana Stofile suka haifa, waɗanda suka kasance ma’aikatan gona. A cikin shekarar 1952, danginsa sun ƙaura zuwa Port Elizabeth,  inda Stofile ya yi karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Newell a shekarar 1964.  Bayan haka ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin injina a masana'antar saka a Port Elizabeth daga shekarun 1965 zuwa 1968. Ya bar wannan aikin ne bayan ya sami tallafin kuɗi daga Cocin Presbyterian na Kudancin Afirka, da alama a roƙon Reverend JJR Jolobe. 

Ya ci gaba da karatu a Jami'ar Fort Hare, inda ya kammala digiri huɗu: Bachelor of Arts a shekarar 1971, Bachelor of Theology a shekarar 1974, Honors in theology a 1975, da Master's in theology a shekarar 1979.  Ya kammala difloma a fannin ilimin tauhidi a Jami'ar Tübingen a shekarar 1981,  da digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Princeton a shekarar 1983. 

## Farkon aiki da gwagwarmaya
Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya kasance a Fort Hare har zuwa shekara ta 1986 a matsayin babban malami a tiyoloji, tiyolojin tsari,  da falsafar addini.  An kuma naɗa shi hidima a Cocin Presbyterian yayin da yake karatun digiri na biyu a shekarar 1975. 

Yayin da yake aiki a cikin ilimin kimiyya, Stofile ya ƙara zama a siyasa a cikin Gwagwarmayar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata Ya shiga siyasa a shekarar 1963 a matsayin matashin memba na ƙungiyar ɗalibai ta Afirka, wata ƙungiya ta gaba ta jam'iyyar ANC mai yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata, wacce aka haramta ta tun a shekarar 1960. A cikin shekarar 1970, an ɗauke shi aiki a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar ANC, kuma ya tashi a matsayin shugaban kwamitin siyasa na yankin daga shekarun 1979 zuwa 1986.  A cewar ɗaya daga cikin masu taimaka masa a harkokin siyasa, ya samu horon soji tare da Umkhonto we Sizwe. 

Lokacin da aka kafa United Democratic Front (UDF) a cikin shekarar 1983, an zaɓi Stofile a matsayin sakatare na yanki na UDF a Yankin Border na Gabashin Cape. Don haka ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa tsarin gaba a yankin;  misali, ya ɗauki Matthew Goniwe, ɗaya daga cikin Cradock Four da aka kashe a shekarar 1985.  An kuma zaɓe shi a matsayin kwamitin gudanarwa na UDF na ƙasa.  Ya riƙe ofisoshin biyu daga shekarun 1983 har zuwa lokacin da aka kama shi a shekarar 1986.

## Manazarta