Marcelino dos Santos

**Marcelino dos Santos** (20 Mayu 1929 - 11 Fabrairu 2020)  mawaƙin Mozambique ne, ɗan juyin juya hali, kuma ɗan siyasa. Tun yana matashi ya yi tafiya zuwa Portugal, da Faransa don neman ilimi. Ya kasance memba wanda ya kafa Frente de Libertação de Moçambique (FRELIMO—Mozambican Liberation Front), a cikin shekarar 1962, kuma ya kasance mataimakin shugaban jam’iyyar daga shekarun 1969 zuwa 1977. Ya kasance Ministan Cigaban Tattalin Arziki a ƙarshen shekarar 1970s, Frelimo Political Bureau memba mai kula da tattalin arziki a farkon shekarun 1980, shugaban majalisar dokokin ƙasar, Majalisar Jamhuriya, daga shekarun 1987 zuwa 1994, kuma, tun daga shekarar 1999, ya ci gaba da zama mamba a kwamitin tsakiya na Frelimo. Ya wakilci reshen hagu na jam'iyyar, ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin Marxist-Leninist, duk da rungumar tsarin jari hujja da jam'iyyar ta yi a shekarun baya-bayan nan, rungumar da dos Santos ya ayyana na wucin gadi ne. 

Ƙarƙashin sunaye na Kalungano da Lilinho Micaia, ya buga wakokinsa na farko a cikin  Brado Africano, kuma aikinsa ya bayyana a cikin litattafai biyu na Casa dos Estudantes do Impero a Lisbon. A ƙarƙashin sunan alkalami Lilinho Micaia, an buga tarin wakokinsa a Tarayyar Soviet. A ƙarƙashin sunansa na ainihi, yana da littafi wanda *Associação dos Escritores Moçambicanos* (Ƙungiyar Marubuta ta Mozambique) ta buga a cikin shekarar 1987, mai suna *Canto do Amor Natural*.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Marcelino dos Santos a ranar 20 ga watan Mayu, 1929 a Lumbo, Mozambique. Mahaifinsa Firmino dos Santos kuma mahaifiyarsa Tereza Sabina dos Santos. Firmino dos Santos ɗan gwagwarmayar siyasa ne na kungiyar Afirka ta Mozambique. Ya girma a Lourenço Marques (yanzu Maputo) babban birnin Mozambique.  Ya fara aiki a wata masana'anta da ke ƙarƙashin ikon gwamnatin ƙwadago ta Portugal kuma ya fuskanci cin zarafi da wariyar launin fata ga ma'aikatan masana'antar a Mozambique. Tare da alaƙar siyasar mahaifinsa da waɗannan ƙwarewar aiki na farko Dos Santos ya fara haɗa nasa ra'ayoyin.  A lokacin da yake ɗan shekara 18 ya bar Mozambique don zuwa makaranta a Lisbon, Portugal a can ne ya bayyana ra'ayin kakanninsa na haɗin kai tsakanin waɗanda Turawan mulkin mallaka na Portugal suka zalunta ta hanyar rubuce-rubuce da kuma wakoki. A House for Students of the Empire a Lisbon, dos Santos da sauransu suna ƙara yaɗa ra'ayoyinsu na kishin ƙasa. Wasu daga cikin mazan dos Santos sun yi karo da juna tare da raba ra'ayoyinsa tare da Amilcar Cabral, Agostinho Neto, da Eduardo Mondlane duk shugabannin 'yan kishin ƙasa a Guinea Bissau, Angola, da Mozambique. 

## Gudun hijira a Paris
A farkon shekarun 1950 lokacin da waɗannan ɗaliban 'yan kishin ƙasa suka zo hankalin 'yan sandan Portugal, Dos Santo ya tsere zuwa Faransa inda ya yi aiki tare da wasu 'yan Afirka da ke gudun hijira.  A birnin Paris dos Santos ya zauna a tsakanin marubuta da masu fasaha na Afirka da suka ba da gudummawa ga mujallar adabi *ta Presence Africaine.* Yin amfani da sunayen alƙalami Kalungano a cikin wallafe-wallafen harshen Portuguese da Lilinho Micaia don tarin waƙoƙin da aka buga a Tarayyar Soviet, ya buga wakoki da yawa. Ya buƙaci 'yan gudun hijirar siyasa na Portugal a Paris da su ƙara adawa da gwamnatin Salazar a Portugal kuma su rungumi manufar kishin ƙasa ga Afirka.  Ya taka rawa sosai wajen kafa kungiyar Anti-Colonial Movement (MAC) a birnin Paris a shekarar 1957. Ya shiga reshen Paris na Uniao Democratica Nacional de Mocambique, ƙungiyar masu kishin ƙasa da ta haɗu don ƙirƙirar Frente de Libertacao de Mocambique (Frelimo). Ya shiga cikin kafa taron Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙwararrun Ƙungiyoyin  Ƙasa na Portuguese (CONCP) a Casablanca, kuma an zaɓe shi sakatare na dindindin mai kula da haɗin gwiwar ayyukan kishin ƙasa. 

## Kafa Frelimo
Eduardo Mondlane ɗaya daga cikin hamshakan masu kishin ƙasa na Afirka Dos Santos ya samu sani a Portugal ya yanke shawarar yin koƙari tare da gabatar da ra'ayoyin haɗin kan ƙasashen Afirka a ƙarƙashin rawar da Portuguese ke takawa don fara yakin neman 'yancin kai, kuma dos Santos ya ba da goyon bayansa. Haɗin da Marcelino da Mondlane suka yi a lokacin ƙuruciyarsu a matsayinsu na malamai wani muhimmin ɓangare ne na nasarar Frelimo yayin da Julius Nyerere ya yi alkawarin tallafawa Mozambique da ke aiki daga Tanzaniya. Yayin da Marcelino da wasu da suka yi karatu a Portugal su ne suka kafa.  Wannan shi ne kafuwar Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frelimo). Frelimo, jam'iyyar da ta ɗauki nauyin yakin neman 'yancin kai daga Portugal, ta gudanar da taronta na farko a Tanzaniya a watan Satumba na 1962.  Manyan jam'iyyun Mozambique guda uku da suka kasance UDENAMO (Uniao Oemocratica Nac1onal de Mocambique); MANU (Mozambique African Nationalist Union); da UNAHI (Uniao Africana de Hocambique lndependente) sun haɗu suka zama Frelimo.  

## Manazarta