Taron Sauyin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2016

**Taron sauyin yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2016,** taro ne na kasa da kasa na shugabannin siyasa da masu fafutuka dan tattauna matsalolin muhalli. An gudanar da shi a Marrakech, Morocco, 7-18 Nuwamba 2016. Taron ya ƙunshi taron na ashirin da biyu na Jam'iyyun (**COP22**), taro na goma sha biyu na jam'iyyun zuwa Yarjejeniyar Kyoto (**CMP12**), da kuma taron farko na bangarorin yarjejeniyar Paris (**CMA1**). Manufar taron ita ce tattaunawa da aiwatar da tsare-tsare game da yaki da sauyin yanayi da kuma "nunawa duniya cewa ana aiwatar da yarjejeniyar Paris".  Mahalarta taron suna aiki tare don samar da hanyoyin magance sauyin yanayi a duniya.

Ministan harkokin wajen Morocco Salaheddine Mezouar ne ya jagoranci taron .  Kimanin mahalarta 20,000 ne ake sa ran za su halarta.

A ranar 2 ga Mayu 2016, kamfanin GL Events ya rattaba hannu kan kwangilar sabis. Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Noma ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kuma ba da goyon bayanta ga shirye-shiryen COP 22.

Standarda'idar W+ ta lashe lambar yabo ta UNFCCC na 2016 don Canji 

## Bayanai

### Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Sauyin yanayi
Mahalarta taron mambobi ne na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Tsarin Tsarin Sauyin yanayi (**UNFCCC**). Manufar wannan yarjejeniya ita ce hana "tsangwama mai haɗari na ɗan adam ga tsarin yanayi".Yana da alaƙa ta kut da kut da yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan bambancin halittu da yarjejeniyar yaƙi da hamada ; dukkan ukun ana daukarsu 'Taron Rio' da aka karbe a taron Rio Earth Summit a 1992. Akwai matakai bakwai da UNFCCC ta lissafa a matsayin "takaitaccen taron". 

# An gane matsalar sauyin yanayi a matsayin barazana ga lafiyar ɗan adam.
# Dole ne a rage fitar da iskar gas na Greenhouse, musamman a kasashe masu arzikin masana'antu, sannan a matsa wa kasashe su rage hayakin.
# Kasashen da suka ci gaba dole ne su dauki matakin rage fitar da hayaki da kuma jagoranci ga kasashe masu tasowa.
# Kasashe masu tasowa za su taimaka wa kasashe masu tasowa ta hanyar ba da tallafin kudi da fasaha.
# Kasashen da suka ci gaba da kuma masu tasowa sun gabatar da rahotanni kan manufofin sauyin yanayi da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli.
# A cikin kasashe masu tasowa, an jaddada tsaftataccen ci gaban da zai takaita kara yawan hayaki mai gurbata muhalli yayin da al'umma ke bunkasa masana'antu.
# Domin kara ingancin rayuwa a gaban sauyin yanayi, yarjejeniyar za ta yi magana tare da daidaitawa da illar sauyin yanayi idan ya cancanta.

### Dokokin Kyoto
Taron Marrakech ci gaba ne na tarukan koli na duniya na yau da kullun da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta shirya bayan yarjejeniyar Kyoto . An rubuta yarjejeniyar Kyoto a cikin 1997 a COP3, amma ba a amince da ita a hukumance ba sai 16 ga Fabrairu 2005.Yana aiki daga 2008 zuwa 2012. Ta aiwatar da tsauraran ka'idoji don tabbatar da rage fitar da hayaki a duniya. Akwai manyan tsare-tsare guda uku da kasa za ta iya amfani da su don taimakawa wajen rage fitar da hayaki: ciniki na fitar da hayaki na kasa da kasa, hanyoyin ci gaba mai tsafta, da aiwatar da hadin gwiwa.
 

An kuma yi niyyar taimakawa kasashe wajen daidaita yanayin sauyin yanayi. Bugu da ƙari, sakatariyar sauyin yanayi ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya tana karɓar rahotanni daga ɓangarori, tana tabbatar da ma'amaloli, kuma tana ɗaukar ɓangarori. UNFCC ta ɗauki yarjejeniyar Kyoto a matsayin "mataki na farko" ga juriyar sauyin yanayi.

### Yarjejeniyar Paris
Yarjejeniyar ta Paris na da nufin hana hauhawar yanayin zafi a duniya. An tsara wannan ta hanyar rahotannin da Jam'iyyun suka aika, da nufin kara bayyana ayyukan da kasashe masu tasowa da na ci gaba suka dauka. Har ila yau, tana da matakan haɓaka ikon ƙasashe don daidaita yanayin sauyin yanayi. Hanyoyin sauye-sauyen da ƙasa za ta iya ɗauka ana kiran su "gudumar da aka ƙaddara ta ƙasa". **NDC** dai kokari ne da kowace kasa za ta yi don rage hayakin da suke fitarwa. Lokacin aiki na wannan yarjejeniya ya fara ne a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 2016. Ya zuwa yanzu, jam’iyyu 132 cikin 197 ne suka amince da shi a babban taron.

### COPs na gaba

#### 2009: Copenhagen (COP15)
Taron na Copenhagen an yi niyya ne don ci gaba daga Kyoto, kuma ya ƙare a cikin yarjejeniyar Copenhagen, rubutu mai shafuka 3 da ke tsara manufofin duniya gama gari game da sauyin yanayi (rage yawan hayaƙi mai gurɓataccen iska, yana iyakance dumamar yanayi zuwa 2).&nbsp;°C da samar da dala biliyan 30 don 2010-2012). Duk da wadannan manufofin, an dauki taron a matsayin gazawa.

#### 2011: Durban (COP17)
Manufar taron na Durban shi ne fara shawarwari tun daga tushe domin shirya hanyar yin shawarwari a nan gaba. An kirkiro rukunin Aiki na Ah Hoc akan dandamali na Durban don Inganta Ayyukan don "rufe gibin buri" da ke akwai tsakanin alkawurran fitar da iskar gas da kasashe suka yi da nufin kiyaye sauyin yanayi kasa da karuwar 2&nbsp;°C.

#### 2014: Lima (COP20)
Babban abin da taron na Lima ya sa a gaba shi ne a sake yin kokarin ci gaba da cimma burin kiyaye sauyin yanayi a karkashin karuwar 2.&nbsp;°C tsakanin yau da 2100. An bude taron ne da daftarin shiri kan yarjejeniyar COP21 a nan gaba a birnin Paris da kuma daukar rubutu mai shafuka 37.

#### 2015: Paris (COP21)
Kasashe 195 da ke halartar taron sun amince da yarjejeniyar sauyin yanayi ta farko a duniya, yarjejeniyar da ke da nufin takaita sauyin yanayi zuwa yanayin zafi kasa da 2.&nbsp;°C.

## Masu halarta
Ana iya rarraba masu halartar taron zuwa ɗaya daga cikin nau'ika uku: jam'iyyu, masu sa ido, ko 'yan jarida/kafofin watsa labarai.

### Jam'iyyu
Akwai kungiyoyi guda uku daban-daban wadanda za a iya sanya al'umma a ciki idan an dauke su a matsayin "jam'iyya". Waɗannan su ne Annex I, Annex II, da Non-Annex I . Ƙungiyoyin jam'iyyun suna yanke shawarar matakin shiga kowace ƙasa. Yana ƙayyade ko ana buƙatar ƙasar ta ba da taimakon kuɗi ga wasu, sau nawa za su aika da rahotanni, da tsauraran ƙa'idoji a ƙasarsu. Taken Annex I yana nufin ƙasashe masu ci gaban masana'antu da ke da hannu a cikin ko dai Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Tattalin Arziƙi da Ci Gaba ( **OECD** ) a 1992 ko kuma ƙasashe masu canjin tattalin arziki ( **EIT** ). Annex II yana nufin ƙasashe a cikin OECD amma ba EIT ba. Ana buƙatar waɗannan jam'iyyun su taimaka wa ƙasashe masu ci gaba da kuɗi. Ana kuma sa ran za su dauki karin matakai don sauya sheka zuwa fasahohin da suka dace da yanayi domin rage fitar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli. Ƙasashen da ba na haɗin kai ba suna tasowa kuma musamman masu rauni ga sauyin yanayi saboda wuri, yanayin tattalin arziki, ko wasu batutuwan da aka kafa cikin ƙasa. Wani lakabi kuma shine "kasashen da suka fi ci gaba". Hakan na nuni da cewa al'ummar kasar na da iyaka wajen mayar da martani kan batutuwan da suka shafi sauyin yanayi. Wannan lakabin yana nuna wa wasu ɓangarorin ƙarin matakin tallafin da ake bukata.

### Masu lura
Ƙungiyoyin masu sa ido sun haɗa da Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da hukumominta na musamman, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ( **IGOs** ), da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ( **NGOs** ).  Ƙungiyoyin masu sa ido dole ne su yi aiki kuma su sami karɓu daga COP don aika wakilai zuwa kowane taro ko gabatarwa da ke da alaka da UNFCCC. Ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na iya zama kasuwanci, ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago, bincike ko cibiyoyin ilimi, ƴan asalin ƙasar, ƙungiyoyi masu alaƙa da jinsi, ƙungiyoyin matasa, masu fafutukar kare muhalli, manoma, da masu noma.  Kusan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu 2,000 da IGOs 100 ne aka shigar da su a taron na 2016. Da zarar an shigar da kungiya, ba lallai ne su sake neman wannan taro ba.  Masu lura na iya ƙaddamar da martani, a madadin ƙungiyarsu gabaɗaya, da suka shafi batutuwa ko umarni a cikin taron.

## Manufofin COP22
Ana nufin kowane COP don yanke shawara tare kan yadda za a magance sauyin yanayi da rage hayaki mai gurbata yanayi. Koyaya, kowace shekara ana zaɓar jigo daban kuma ana mai da hankali akai. Muhimman batutuwan zaman na ashirin da biyu sun shafi kula da ruwa da kawar da makamashin makamashi.  COP22 ya faru ne a ranakun 14 da 15 ga Nuwamba a lokacin UNFCCC a Marrakech. Hanyoyin da za a yi amfani da yarjejeniyar ta Paris, da kuma ajandar tattaunawa, sun kasance a kan ajandar COP22. Nik Gowing, wanda aka sani da dan jarida na Birtaniya, ya jagoranci taron.

### Girman Afirka zuwa COP22
A gefen COP22, taron kolin da ya kunshi "kusan shugabannin kasashen Afirka 30" ya gudana a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba, 2016 a Marrakesh. Wannan taro dai ya fi mayar da hankali ne kan shawarwarin sauyin yanayi, inda a baya bayan nan a nahiyar Afirka ke zama bangaren duniya da ke fuskantar barazanar dumamar yanayi. A wani karin bayani na gida, birnin Marrakesh kuma ya yi amfani da damar don ƙirƙirar wa kansa hoto mai kore; misali, ta samar da kekuna 300 don amfanin jama’a a wani bangare na tsarin raba keken na karamar hukuma. 

### Gabatarwar SuRe - Ma'auni don Dorewa da Ƙarfafa Kayan Aiki
A ranar 14 ga Nuwamba, Cibiyar Basel ta Duniya ta Swiss Global Infrastructure Basel (GIB) ta gabatar da sabon ƙaddamar da SuRe - Ma'auni don Dorewa da Ƙarfafa Kayan Aiki a Babban Taron Sauyin yanayi don Shugabannin gida da Yanki. GIB ta shiga cikin tattaunawa kan "bayar da kuɗaɗen ci gaba mai dorewa na yankuna" don ba da gudummawa ga taswirar Marrakech don ma'anar Aiki.

### 14 Nuwamba

#### Dandalin Gudanar da Ruwa da Kula da Ruwa
Cikakkun al'amurran da suka shafi sufuri na ruwa, abubuwan more rayuwa a cikin mahallin ajiyar ruwa, rarraba mai dorewa, ƙirƙira don kiyayewa, da haɓaka ƙoƙarin sababbin fasaha. Akwai masu gudanarwa guda hudu na taron: Raymond van Ermen, dan Belgium memba na Tarayyar Turai Water Partnership; Masagos Zulkifli, Ministan Muhalli da Ruwa na Singapore; Edgar Gutiérrez Espeleta, Ministan Muhalli da Makamashi a Costa Rica da shugaban, UNEA; Susan Mboya, Shugabar Coca-Cola Africa Foundation.

#### Dandalin rage ''Carbon'' a makamashi da ake Samarwa
Wannan kwamitin ya tattauna batutuwa game da amfani da albarkatun da ake sabunta su, yadda za a yi amfani da manufofi don inganta kasuwannin makamashi mai sabuntawa, da kuma yadda za a iya inganta kayan aiki don daidaita waɗannan canje-canje. Masu daidaitawa sun hada da Nik Gowing, dan jaridan Birtaniya; HE Fatima Al Foora ta Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa; Lord Gregory Baker na Burtaniya; Andreas Regnell na Sweden, da Jan Rabe daga Siemens AG. 

#### Haɗa Dandalin Motsawa Birane
Motsi, musamman sufurin jama'a, shine babban abin da wannan dandalin ya mayar da hankali akai. Membobin sun tattauna yuwuwar zaɓuɓɓukan jigilar jama'a masu dorewa waɗanda ke da kyau ga mai amfani. Babban makasudin shine ƙirƙirar sabbin hanyoyin sufurin jama'a na iya zama sifiri. Masu daidaitawa sun hada da Nik Gowing, United Kingdom; Andreas Klugescheid, Amurka; Lan Marie Nguyen Berg, Norway; Glen R. Murray, Kanada; Matt Rodriquez, Amurka. 

#### Bayar da Tallafin Ayyukan Yanayi na Rufe Maɓallin Maɓalli
Wannan rukunin ya tattauna inganta sabbin samfuran kore dangane da kuɗi, tare da haɗa la'akari da yanayi a cikin tsarin tattalin arziki. Mambobin kwamitin sun hada da Eric Usher, Kanada; Jochen Flasbarth, Jamus; Christian Grossman, Jamus; Frederic Samama, Faransa; Mustapha Bakkoury, Maroko; Monica Scatasta, Luxembourg. 

### 15 Nuwamba

#### Ƙarƙashin Ƙirƙirar Carbon a cikin Maɓalli na Yankuna masu tasowa
Bangarorin sun tattauna yadda za a iya haɗa ƙananan fasahar fitar da hayaki a cikin ababen more rayuwa da ake da su, yadda masu tsara manufofi za su iya aiwatar da fasaha cikin aminci, da kuma yadda UNFCCC za ta iya taimaka wa 'yan kasuwa na cikin gida a sauye-sauyen zuwa makamashin kore. Masu daidaitawa sun hada da Janos Pasztor, Hungarian; HE Nestor Batio Bassiere, Burkina Faso; Diego Pavia; Mafalda Duarte, Amurka; Elham Ibrahim, Afrika. 

#### Kasuwanci mai dorewa a matsayin Direban Canji
Wannan dandalin ya haɓaka ra'ayoyi kan yadda ake ƙirƙirar samfuran kasuwanci waɗanda suka bar ƙarancin sawun carbon a duniya. Masu gudanar da taron sun hada da Philippe Joubert, Najeriya; Peter Wheeler, Birtaniya; Pertti Korhonen, Finland; Paul Simpson, Birtaniya; Afrilu Crow, Amurka. 

#### Ƙirƙirar Tasiri: Haɓaka Ci gaban Ilimin Kore
Wannan dandalin tattaunawa ya tattauna yadda sabbin fasahohi da sabbin abubuwa dole ne su nuna halaye masu dacewa da muhalli da dorewa. Bugu da ƙari, ya kamata su taimaka ƙirƙirar ayyukan koren kuma su sami damar shigar da su cikin kasuwannin da suka riga sun kasance. Masu daidaitawa sun hada da Sue Reid, Indonesia; Paul Isaac Musasizi, Uganda; Eric Olson, Amurka; Yoshioka Tatsuya, Japan.
 

**17 Nuwamba**

**Matan da suke Shiryawa don Canji a Aikin Noma da Gudanar da Albarkatun Kasa (WOCAN)**

Abin da Ake Aunawa Yana Samun Kima: Ƙarfafawa da Auna Tasirin Gender don Dorewar Filaye da Rayuwar Rayuwa.

Standarda'idar W+ ta lashe lambar yabo ta UNFCCC na 2016 don Canji; Jeannettee Gurung, Phd, Lee A. West. 

## Suka da koma baya
Haɗin ƙungiyoyin burbushin burbushin burbushin mai tare da matsayi na masu kallo, gami da Ƙungiyar Coal ta Duniya, Majalisar Kasuwancin Ostiraliya, Kasuwancin Turai, da Kasuwancin Roundtable, an gamu da zargi.  Masu sharhi sun ce zaben Donald Trump a zaben shugaban kasar Amurka na 2016 ya kawo cikas ga yunkurin da ake yi a zauren majalisar saboda ra'ayinsa na koma baya kan sauyin yanayi. Ba a san matsayinsa kan sauyin yanayi ba.  

Sauran sukar sun fito ne daga masu fafutukar kare muhalli wadanda suka yi iƙirarin cewa taron ya kasance "mai nauyi akan maganganu da haske akan ainihin ci gaba." Taron da aka yi a birnin Paris na shekarar da ta gabata, ana kallonsa a matsayin wanda ya samar da ginshikin ci gaba a nan gaba, inda taron da ya yi nasara a birnin Marrakesh ya kamata ya mayar da wadancan alkawuran zuwa aiki. Karin sukar da aka yi sun nuna kasashen da ba su da ci gaba ba su samun isassun kudade domin a taimaka musu su dace da "canjin da ke faruwa a yanzu saboda dumamar yanayi."

## Manazarta


## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Haɗin gwiwar UNFCCC Marrakech don Ayyukan Yanayi na Duniya