Dabarun Arctic da Gudanar da Muhalli

**Shirye-shiryen Arctic da Gudanar da Muhalli** ba su da damuwa a duniya lokacin da siyasar Muhalli ta fara fitowa a cikin shekarun 1960. 

Magana ce ta Mikhail Gorbachev a Murmansk a 1987, zuwa ƙarshen Yakin Cold, wanda ya shuka tushen haɗin gwiwar Arctic. Har ila yau, ya gabatar da mayar da hankali a karo na farko kan hadin gwiwar muhalli. Wannan, bi da bi, ya yi wahayi zuwa ga Dabarun Kare Muhalli na Arctic na 1991 da kuma Majalisar Arctic ta 1996. 

Babban jihohin Arctic a cikin Arctic ya kasance yana ƙaruwa tun farkon karni na 21. Wannan ya haifar da buga rahotanni da yawa da dabarun manufofi da nufin kare bukatun manyan jihohi a yankin da neman hadin gwiwa daga wasu kasashe don magance mummunar barazanar muhalli. Yana wakiltar dichotomy da aka buɗe ta hanyar canjin yanayi tsakanin haɗarin yanayi da haɓaka sabbin damar geopolitics da tattalin arziki.

## Tarihin tarihi
Yankin Arctic an dade ana ɗaukar shi yanki mai nisa na duniya saboda ba a iya isa shi saboda matsanancin yanayin muhalli. Saboda haka, an cire shi daga tseren siyasa na jihohi har zuwa ƙarshen karni na 20. Yanzu, ba za a iya musanta cewa wannan yankin yana daya daga cikin wadanda sauyin yanayi ya fi shafawa ba. Koyaya, ba abin damuwa ba ne lokacin da siyasar muhalli ta tashi a cikin 60s. 

Mikhail Gorbachev ne ya fara ambaton hadin gwiwar muhalli a cikin sanannen jawabinsa na Murmansk a watan Oktoba 1987. A lokacin wannan shirin na Murmansk, Sakatare Janar na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Soviet ya bukaci sauran jihohin da su kawo karshen tashin hankali na Yaƙin Cold a yankin kuma su canza Arctic zuwa yankin zaman lafiya da hadin gwiwa, tare da mai da hankali kan kiyaye muhalli  

Ana iya la'akari da wannan a matsayin wahayi ga dabarun kare muhalli na Arctic na 1991 kuma, saboda haka, Majalisar Arctic ta 1996. 

## Yanayin muhalli da canjin yanayi
Yankin kankara na Arctic yana narkewa da sauri fiye da kowane yanki a duniya. Tare da hauhawar CO2 na yanayi wanda ke haifar da yanayin zafi mafi girma a duniya, arctic ya kasance mai matukar damuwa ga waɗannan canje-canje saboda yawan adadin kankara a yankin. Yanayin zafi mafi girma yana haifar da ƙuƙwalwar kankara don narkewa wanda hakan ke haifar da matakin teku ya tashi saboda yawan ruwa da aka fitar. Ɗaya daga cikin mafi ban tsoro sakamakon wannan, tare da Ambaliyar bakin teku da nutsewa, shine mummunan sake zagayowar da aka kirkira ta hanyar maye gurbin farin kankara da teku mai duhu. Wannan na ƙarshe, hakika, zai shawo kan hasken rana wanda ke haifar da ƙarin zafi, wanda ke hanzarta tsarin dumama kuma yana haifar da ƙarin narkewa.

### Tarihin tarihi da rikodin

Tun daga shekarun 1970s, adadin kankara na shekara-shekara ya fara raguwa, kuma a cikin 2007 an yi rikodin da ba a taɓa gani ba: raguwar ta kai adadin kankara ta teku 38% ƙasa da matsakaicin daga 1979-2000.

Bugu da ƙari, a cewar Cibiyar Bayanan Snow da Ice ta Amurka (NSIDC), a cikin wannan lokacin (1979-2000), kankara ta rufe teku na murabba'in kilomita miliyan 6.71, idan aka kwatanta da murabba'i kilomita 4.3 da aka yi rajista a 2011.

A shekara ta 2007 an kuma yi rajistar adadin kankara mai narkewa sama da murabba'in mil miliyan ɗaya, ya rage yawan da ke cikin shekarun 1950, tare da raguwar shekara-shekara na 4.7%  Nazarin Tasirin Yanayi na Arctic na 2004 da aka yi rajista a shekara ta 2002 karuwar 16% na narkewa a cikin kankara na Greenland, idan aka kwatanta da matakan da ke cikin 1979. kammala narkewar wannan yanki yana wakiltar babbar barazana, la'akari da sakamakon. Matsayin teku zai tashi har zuwa mita 7.2, tare da canjin bambancin halittu da sauran sakamako masu ban mamaki 

## Manazarta