Mataki Na Sha Tara (19)

**Mukala ta 19** 7.
Sunan misali ne na abin da ke faruwa a kungiyoyin 'sanya sunayensu bayan sassan yarjejeniyoyi da doka, wani abu da Zachary Elkins ya kira "alamar babi-aya." 

## Ayyuka.
Mataki na 19 na lura da barazanar 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki a duniya; *lobbies* gwamnatocin ya dauko dokokin da cewa tabbatar da} asashen duniya game da 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki; da kuma tsara ka’idojin shari’a wadanda za su karfafa kafafen yada labarai, yada labarai a bainar jama’a, fadin albarkacin baki, da samun damar bayanan da gwamnati ke rike da su . Har ila yau, Dokar tana samar da nazarin doka da suka game da dokokin ƙasa, gami da dokokin watsa labarai. Bugu da kari, Mataki na 19 ya shiga tsakani a shari’ar mutane ko kungiyoyin da aka tauye hakkinsu; sannan yana bayar da tallafi na karfin gwiwa ga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, alkalai da lauyoyi, ‘yan jarida, masu kafafen yada labarai, lauyoyin yada labarai, jami’an gwamnati da‘ yan majalisa .

An tsara aikin Mataki na 19 a cikin Shirye-shiryen Yanki guda biyar - Afirka, Asiya, Turai, Latin Amurka, Gabas ta Tsakiya - Tsarin Doka, da Tsarin Dijital. Tana da ma'aikata sama da 100 da ofisoshin yanki a Bangladesh, Brazil, Kenya, Mexico, Myanmar, Senegal, da Tunisia . Yana aiki tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da kusan ƙungiyoyi 100 a cikin sama da ƙasashe 60 a duniya. 

## Kungiyoyi.
Mataki na 19 memba ne na kungiyar musayar ra'ayi ta 'Yancin Magana ta Duniya (IFEX), gidan share fage ne na gamayyar ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na duniya waɗanda ke sa ido kan keta' yancin faɗar albarkacin baki a duniya. Hakanan memba ne na kungiyar Kula da Tunani ta Tunusiya, ƙawancen ƙungiyoyi 21 na 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki waɗanda suka buƙaci gwamnatin Tunisia don inganta yanayin haƙƙin ɗan adam.  Kuma shine mai kula da Kungiyar Kawancen Kasa da Kasa don Azerbaijan (IPGA), gamayyar kungiyoyin kasa da kasa da ke aiki don karfafawa da kare 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki a Azerbaijan.

Mataki na 19 memba ne na kafa kungiyar Ba da Bayanin Informationancin Ba da Bayani (FOIA), wani dandalin duniya wanda ke da niyyar tallafawa kamfen, ba da shawara da tara kuɗi kan samun bayanai ta hanyar musayar bayanai, ra'ayoyi da dabaru. Networkungiyar ta (FOIA) tana da nufin sauƙaƙe ƙirƙirar ƙawancen yanki ko na ƙasa da ƙasa don magance samun damar samun labarai.

## Bayani.
Mataki na 19. Kowane mutum na da 'yancin ya faɗi ra'ayinsa ba tare da tsangwama ba. Kowane mutum na da hakkin ya sami 'yancin faɗar albarkacin bakinsa; kuma wannan ‘yancin zai kunshi‘ yancin neman, karba da kuma bayar da bayanai da ra’ayoyi iri daban-daban, ba tare da la’akari da kan iyaka ba, walau a baki, a rubuce ko a buga, ta hanyar fasaha, ko kuma ta duk wata hanyar da yake so. Yin amfani da haƙƙoƙin da aka bayar a sakin layi na 2 na wannan labarin yana ɗauke da nauyi da nauyi na musamman. Saboda haka yana iya zama batun wasu takunkumi, amma wadannan zasu zama kamar wadanda doka ta tanada kuma sun zama dole: (a) Don girmama hakkoki ko martabar wasu; (b) Don kariya ga tsaron ƙasa ko oda ta jama'a (ko al'adar jama'a), ko lafiyar jama'a ko ɗabi'a

### Kudaden Ayyuka
Mataki na 19 ya lissafa masu ba da gudummawar kuɗi na yau da kullun akan gidan yanar gizon ta:

* Agenda na Bunkasa Kasashen Sweden (SIDA)
* Ma'aikatar Burtaniya ta Bunkasa Kasa (DFID)
* Gidauniyar Bill da Melinda Gates
* Gidauniyar Ford
* Fritt Ord.
* Cibiyar Bude Jama'a (OSI).
* Gidauniyar William da Flora Hewlett.

### Shugabanni.
Jim kadan kafin rasuwarsa a shekarar 1984, J. Roderick MacArthur ya kafa hangen nesa ga Mataki na 19 a matsayin kungiyar kare hakkin dan Adam ta duniya wacce za ta mai da hankali kan batutuwan takunkumi.  Hisansa Greg MacArthur, darekta na Gidauniyar J. Roderick MacArthur, ya kafa ƙafafun motsi don ƙirƙirar ƙungiyar da aka samo asali daga Wani Labari daga Yarjejeniyar yancin dan Adam na Duniya.  Ta hanyar Aryeh Neier - lauya kuma shugaban kare hakkin dan adam wanda a da shi ne babban darakta na Kungiyar Kare Hakkin Bil'adama ta Amurka (1970–1978) kafin kafa kungiyar Human Rights Watch a shekarata 1978  - Martin Ennals aka nada don ya fahimci ra'ayin.  Ennals ya kawo gogewarsa daga UNESCO, da National Council for Civil Liberties, da Nobel Prize -winning Amnesty International, kuma sun fara ƙungiyar Mataki na 19 a cikin shekarar 1986 tare da kasafin kuɗi kusan $ 1,500,000 da ma'aikata takwas tare da babban darakta na farko Kevin Boyle .    

A matsayin babban darakta, Kevin Boyle ya lura da rahoton farko wanda zai taƙaita halin takunkumi a halin yanzu a cikin sikeli na duniya a cikin rahoton da aka fitar a cikin shekarar 1988. Rahoton na Mataki na 19 "Bayanai, 'Yanci da Takaitawa" ya kafa mizanin da za a ci gaba. A cikin rahoton, Mataki na 19 ya soki Burtaniya inda gwamnati za ta iya tsoma baki a cikin shawarar editan Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Burtaniya. Sauran daraktocin za su soki frequentlyasar Burtaniya sau da yawa duk da cewa ƙungiyar tana London. 

A karkashin jagorancin Boyle, Mataki na 19 kuma ya ɗauki matsayin kamfen dinta na farko, kare ɗayan nasa. Daga cikin manyan daraktoci na 19 a kan daraktocin nata har da dan jaridar Afirka ta Kudu Zwelakhe Sisulu.

Ana Kiran shi da sunan  Sosuli, Sannan ya ya fito daga kasar Africa ta Kudu.Sisulu himself had established his own reputation as the leader of a press strike by black journalists in 1980. For this activity, he was arrested and banned from journalism for 3 years. After his disappearance in 1986 and after his arrest was made official, Article 19 took up the case of its own human rights defender. Sisulu was released two years later.

Dokta Frances D'Souza,  wanda ya kafa kuma tsohon darakta a Cibiyar Agaji da Ci Gaban da ke mai da hankali kan sa ido kan ayyukan yunwa da ayyukan agaji, ya zama babban darakta na biyu na kungiyar a ranar 4 ga Yulin shekarar 1989. Ta zo da gogewarta na shekaru a matsayin mai kare haƙƙin ɗan adam daga filin. Daga cikin kamfen din da ta sanya hannu akwai kare Salman Rushdie bayan da Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini na Iran ya bayar da *fatawa*, ko hukuncin addini, 14 ga Fabrairu shekarata 1989 bisa zargin cewa littafin *Ayoyin Shaidan* (1988) aikin sabo ne. Hukuncin na addini hukuncin kisa ne. D'Souza ta zama shugabar mata ta kwamitin tsaro na Salman Rushdie yayin da ita ma babbar darakta a Mataki na 19 kuma ta zama babban mai magana da yawun marubucin.  

D'Souza kuma ta halarci aikin tsara ƙa'idodin Johannesburg a 1995. 

### Wuri
A watan Yunin shekara ta  2009, Mataki na 19 ya koma Farringdon Road a London don zama ɓangare na Cibiyar Kyauta ta Kyauta don inganta wallafe-wallafe, rubuce-rubuce da kuma faɗar albarkacin baki.

## Duba kuma

* 'Yancin bayanin bayanai
* Ka'idodin Johannesburg

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗin waje

* 
* Mataki na ashirin da 19 Mexico
* Mataki na goma sha tara 19 Brasil
* Cibiyar Kalmar Kyauta
* Rukunin Kawancen Kasa da Kasa don Azerbaijan ya  Archived  
*