Guguwar zafin takudu maso gabashin Australia a shekarar 2009

**Guguwar zafi a kudu maso gabashin Ostiraliya ta 2009** wani zafi ne da ya fara tashi a karshen watan Janairu kuma ya haifar da tsawaita yanayin zafi a yankin. Ana ɗaukar zazzafan zafi ɗaya daga cikin, in ba haka ba, mafi muni a tarihin yankin.  A lokacin zafin, wurare daban-daban hamsin sun saita bayanai daban-daban don jere, mafi girman rana da yanayin zafi na dare. Mafi girman zafin jiki da aka yi rikodin lokacin zafin zafi shine  a Hopetoun, Victoria, rikodin ga jihar.  Yawancin wurare a cikin yankin sun yi rikodin yanayin zafi na kowane lokaci ciki har da manyan biranen Adelaide, wanda ya kai zafinsa na uku mafi girma, , da Melbourne, wanda ya rubuta mafi girman yanayin zafi akan rikodin,  . Duka garuruwan sun karya tarihi na tsawon kwanaki a jere sama da , yayin da Mildura, Victoria ta rubuta rikodin kowane lokaci kwanaki goma sha biyu a jere sama da  .

Wannan guguwar zafi ta musamman ta samo asali ne daga tsarin matsin lamba mai saurin motsi wanda ya zauna a kan Tekun Tasman, tare da haɗuwa da matsanancin yanayin zafi da ke kusa da gabar tekun Arewa maso Yammacin Australia da kuma ruwan sama a kan Arewacin Australia, wanda ya samar da yanayi mai kyau don iska mai zafi da za a jagoranta a kudu maso gabashin Australia. Zafin ya fara ne a Kudancin Australia a ranar 25 ga Janairu amma ya zama yadu a kudu maso gabashin Australia a ranar 27 ga Janairu. Wani canji mai sanyi ya koma yankunan kudancin bakin teku wanda ya kawo taimako a ranar 30 ga Janairu,  gami da Melbourne, inda canjin ya isa wannan maraice, ya sauka yanayin zafi zuwa matsakaicin  ° C (87.4 ° F). Yanayin zafi mafi girma ya dawo a karshen mako mai zuwa tare da Melbourne yin rikodin ranar da ta fi zafi tun lokacin da aka fara rikodin ,  ° C (115.5 ° F). 

Ruwa mai zafi ya haifar da matsanancin yanayin wuta a lokacin mafi girma na Lokacin gobarar daji na Australiya na 2008-09, wanda ya haifar da gobarar daji da yawa a yankin da abin ya shafa, yana ba da gudummawa ga matsanancin yanayin gobarar daji a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, wanda aka fi sani da gobarar Black Asabar, wanda ya yi ikirarin rayuka 173 a Victoria.

## Dalilin da ya sa
Ruwa mai zafi ya samo asali ne daga tsarin matsin lamba mai saurin motsi wanda ya zauna a kan Tekun Tasman. Haɗe da matsanancin yanayin zafi da kuma ruwan sama a Arewacin Australia, wannan ya samar da iska mai zafi, mai zafi don a jagoranta a kudu maso gabashin Australia, yana haɓaka yanayin zafi sosai. CSIRO ta bayyana cewa "Wadannan zafi na tropospheric anticyclone shine mahimmin tsarin yanayi na synoptic wanda ke da alhakin raƙuman zafi. "  Ruwa mai zafi shine mafi muni a tarihin Australia.

## Rubuce-rubuce da kididdiga
A lokacin guguwar zafi, an karya rikodin da yawa; Tasmania ta rubuta mafi girman zafin jiki; 42.2 ° C (108 ° F) a Scamander, kuma rikodin Tasmanian na 40.8 ° C (105.4 ° F) (wanda aka rubuta a Hobart a ranar 4 ga Janairun 1976) ya karya sau biyar a cikin kwanaki biyu a Tsibirin Flinders, Fingal (sau biyu), St Helens da Scamander  yayin da Victoria" id="mwUg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Hopetoun, Victoria">Hopetoun a Victoria ta rubuta mafi yawan zafin jiki na jihar da mafi girma na guguwar zafin jiki, tare da mafi girma, tare da karatun  ° C (119.8 ° F).

### Adelaide, Kudancin Australia

* Matsakaicin matsakaicin yau da kullun 27 Janairu - 7 Fabrairu:  ° C (104.9 ° F) - (11.1 ° C (20.0 ° F) sama da matsakaici) &nbsp;&nbsp;
* 13 Kwanaki a jere sama da    
* 6 Kwanaki a jere sama da    
* 4 Kwanaki a jere sama da    

### Melbourne, Victoria

* Matsakaicin matsakaicin yau da kullun 27 Janairu - 7 Fabrairu: 35.9 ° C (96.6 ° F) - (10.1 ° C (18.2 F) sama da matsakaicin) &nbsp;&nbsp;
* 12 Kwanaki a jere sama da    
* 5 Kwanaki a jere sama da    
* 3 Kwanaki a jere sama da    

### Mildura, Victoria

* 12 Kwanaki a jere sama da    
* 5 Kwanaki a jere sama da    

### Wagga Wagga, New South Wales

* 14 Kwanaki a jere sama da    
* 13 Kwanaki a jere sama da    
* 4 Kwanaki a jere sama da    

## Yanayin zafi (mafi girman yau da kullun)
Janairu 2009

* 27th -    
* 28th -    
* 29th -    
* 30th -    

Fabrairu

* 7th - 47.9 °C (118.2 °F) (babban rikodin, 2.1 °C sama da rikodin da ya gabata)    (babban rikodin, 2.1 °C sama da rikodin da ya gabata) &nbsp;

### Ceduna, Kudancin Australia
Janairu 2009

* 27th -    
* 28th - 47.5 °C (117.5 °F) 
* 29th -    
* 30th -    
* 31st -    

Fabrairu

* 1st -    
* Na biyu -    
* Na uku -    
* Na 4 -    
* 5th -    
* Na 6 -    

### Mildura, Victoria

Janairu 2009

* 26th -    
* 27th -    
* 28th -    
* 29th -    
* 30th -    
* 31st -    

Fabrairu

* Na farko -    
* Na biyu -    
* Na uku -    
* Na 4 -    
* 5th -    
* Na 6 -    
* 7th - 46.7 °C (116.1 °F) - 12th a jere rana a kan 40 °C&nbsp;
* 8th -    

### [[New South Wales]]">Deniliquin, New South Wales
Janairu 2009

* 26th -    
* 27th -  °C (103.1  
* 28th -    
* 29th -    
* 30th -    
* 31st -    

Fabrairu

* 1st -    
* Na biyu -    
* Na uku -    
* Na 4 -    
* Na 5 -    
* Na 6 -    
* 7th - 46.6 °C (115.9 °F)  

### Swan Hill, Victoria
Janairu 2009

* 26th -    
* 27th -    
* 28th -    
* 29th -    
* 30th -    
* 31st -    

Fabrairu

* 1st -    
* Na biyu -    
* Na uku -    
* Na 4 -    
* Na 5 -    
* Na 6 -    
* 7th - 46.6 °C (115.9 °F) 

### [[Melbourne]], Victoria
An rubuta yanayin zafi tun 1855.

Janairu 2009

* 27th -    
* 28th -    
* 29th -    
* 30th -    - Rana ta uku mafi zafi da aka rubuta a Melbourne.
* 31st -    

Fabrairu

* 1st -    
* Na biyu -    
* Na uku -    
* Na 4 -    
* 5th -    
* 6th -    
* 7th - 46.4 °C (115.5 °F) - Ranar da ta fi zafi da aka rubuta a Melbourne  0.8 °C zafi fiye da rikodin da ya gabata (Jaraba, 13 Janairu 1939).&nbsp;

### [[Adelaide]], Kudancin Australia
Janairu 2009

* 26th -    
* 27th -    
* 28th - 45.7 °C (114.3 °F) 
* 29th -    
* 30th -    
* 31st -    

Fabrairu

* Na farko -    
* Na biyu -    
* Na uku -    
* Na 4 -    
* 5th -    
* Na 6 -    
* 7th -    

An yi rikodin mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki a kusa da tsakar dare a ranar 29 ga Janairu, lokacin da zafin ya sauka zuwa  ° C (93.0 ° F) kawai a Ofishin Yanayi na Yanayi a Kent Town, kusa da tsakiyar birnin Adelaide. Yanayin zafi da aka rubuta a wasu sassan birnin da sauran garuruwa a duk Kudancin Australia sun fi girma.

### Woomera, Kudancin Australia
Janairu 2009

* 25th -    
* 26th -    
* 27th -    
* 28th -    
* 29th -    
* 30th -    
* 31st -    

Fabrairu

* Na farko -    
* Na biyu -    
* Na uku -    
* Na 4 -    
* Na 5 -    
* 6th -    
* 7th - 46.2 °C (115.2 °F) 

### Wagga Wagga, New South Wales

Janairu 2009

* 26th -    
* 27th -    
* 28th -    
* 29th -    
* 30th -    
* 31st -    

Fabrairu

* Na farko -    
* Na biyu -    
* Na uku -    
* Na 4 -    
* Na 5 -    
* Na 6 -    
* 7th - 45.2 °C (113.4 °F) - Ranar da ta fi zafi da aka rubuta a Wagga Wagga tun lokacin da aka fara rikodin a 1941. 
* 8th -    

A ranar 31 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2009, Wagga Wagga ya karya rikodin watan Janairu na mafi yawan kwanaki sama da  ° C (104.0 ° F) tare da kwanaki shida da aka rubuta (rikodin da ya gabata ya kasance kwanaki biyar, wanda aka saita a 1952 kuma ya daidaita a 1979 da 2001). Rubuce-rubucen Janairu da aka kafa a 1979 an daidaita shi don yawan kwanaki sama da  ° C (95.0 ° F) ko fiye wanda shine kwanaki 19.

Wagga Wagga ya karya rikodin lokaci-lokaci da rikodin Fabrairu don mafi girman rikodin a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu 2009, 2:50pm AEDT birnin ya rubuta  ° C (113.4 ° F) tare da rikodin watan Fabrairu na baya ya kasance  ° C (112.3 ° F) wanda aka kafa a ranar 1 ga Fabrairun 1968 kuma duk lokacin da ya gabata ya kasance  ° C (1-12.6 ° F) da aka kafa a 23 ga Janairun 2001.

A ranar 8 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2009, za a karya rikodin kwanaki masu zuwa a kan  ° C (100.0 ° F) tare da kwanaki goma sha uku a jere da aka rubuta (rikodin da ya gabata shine kwanaki shida, wanda aka saita a 1946 kuma ya daidaita a 1979, 1980 da 2004). Wagga Wagga kuma ya rubuta kwanaki goma sha huɗu a jere na sama da  ° C (95.0 ° F). 

### Albury-Wodonga, NSW/VIC
Janairu 2009

* 26th -    
* 27th -    
* 28th -    
* 29th -    
* 30th -    
* 31st -    

Fabrairu

* Na farko -    
* Na biyu -    
* Na uku -    
* Na 4 -    
* Na 5 -    
* Na 6 -    
* 7th - 44.8 °C (112.6 °F) - Ranar da ta fi zafi da aka rubuta a Albury-Wodonga tun lokacin da aka fara rikodin a 1973. 
* 8th -    

### Ballarat, Victoria
Janairu 2009

* 28th -    
* 29th -    
* 30th -    

Fabrairu

* 7th - 44.1 °C (111.4 °F) (rikodin-babban, 2.1 °C sama da rikodin da ya gabata)    (rikodin-babban, 2.1 °C sama da rikodin da ya gabata) &nbsp;

Janairu 2009

* 28th -    
* 29th -    
* 30th -  °C (99.0  
* 31st -    

Fabrairu

* 1st -    
* Na biyu -    
* Na uku -    
* Na 4 -    
* 5th -    
* 6th -    
* 7th - 40.0 °C (104.0 °F) 
* 8th - 40.0 °C (104.0 °F) 

### [[Launceston, Tasmania|Launceston]], Tasmania
Janairu 2009

* 28th -    
* 29th -    
* 30th - 39.0 °C (102.2 °F) - Ranar da ta fi zafi da aka rubuta a Launceston tun lokacin da aka fara rikodin a 1980. 
* 31st -    

## Tare da gobarar daji
Bayan jinkirin farawa zuwa Lokacin gobarar daji na Australiya na 2008-09, yanayin zafi da iska sun haifar da gobarar daji da yawa a fadin Victoria da Kudancin Australia. Yanayin ya yi kama da guguwar zafi da aka samu a farkon watan Janairun 1939, wanda ya kashe mutane 438 kuma ya haifar da gobarar daji ta Black Friday ta 1939.

An kuma fara gobara a cikin Alps na Australiya ta hanyar walƙiya daga guguwa mai bushe a arewa maso gabashin Victoria da kudu maso gabashin New South Wales . 

Ƙarshen wutsiyar guguwar zafi ya kuma haifar da gobarar daji ta Black Asabar, inda mutane 173 suka mutu, 414 suka ji rauni kuma gidaje 2,029 suka lalace a wurare daban-daban a fadin jihar. Wuraren da yawa a kusa da jihar sun rubuta mafi girman yanayin zafi tun lokacin da aka fara rikodin a 1859 kuma iskõki sun tashi har zuwa 110 km / h.&nbsp;

## Kwatanta da yanayi na al'ada na yankin
Yankuna da yawa a tsakiyar Kudancin Australia, arewacin Victoria da cikin New South Wales a kai a kai suna fuskantar yanayin zafi sama da  ° C (104 ° F)  na kwana ɗaya, biyu ko uku a jere, wani lokacin fiye, a lokacin watanni na rani. A lokacin guguwar zafi, duk da haka, yawancin waɗannan yankuna sun sami yanayin zafi sama da  ° C (104 ° F) sau biyu ko fiye, a matsakaici, fiye da yadda ya saba a wannan lokacin na shekara. Yankunan bakin teku da ACT sun sami ɗan ƙaramin yanayin zafi; duk da haka, waɗannan har yanzu suna sama da matsakaici kuma sun kasance na dogon lokaci. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]

Duk da yake yankunan bakin teku na iya fuskantar gajeren lokaci na guguwar zafi, don lokacin da suka sami yanayin zafi sama da  ° C (95 ° F), galibi sun kai saman 3, saman 5 ko saman 10 duk lokacin zafin jiki na kwanaki da yawa. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;&#x5D;

Ruwa mai zafi ya kasance mai tsanani a arewa da gabashin Tasmania, inda 7 daga cikin 8 mafi girman yanayin zafi da aka rubuta a Tasmania har zuwa wannan lokacin ya faru a lokacin guguwar zafi. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;&#x5D;

An shirya jadawalin bambancin matsakaicin da mafi ƙarancin yanayin zafi na yau da kullun, a cikin shekara, don Melbourne  daga abubuwan lura tsakanin Mayu 1855 da Agusta 2006. A farkon Fabrairu, wannan yana nuna matsakaicin zafin jiki na yau da kullun na  ° C (79 ° F) tare da zafin jiki mai kashi 75 yana da kusan  ° C (88 ° F).

## Tasirin

### Makamashi
Rashin wutar lantarki ya faru a cikin biranen biyu a cikin mako a lokuta daban-daban don tsawon daban-daban. An kiyasta cewa sama da mazauna 500,000 a Melbourne ba su da wutar lantarki don maraice na 30 ga Janairu 2009. Rashin ya shafi yawancin tsakiyar Melbourne tare da soke ayyukan jirgin kasa da tram, kwashewar Crown Casino, gazawar hasken zirga-zirga, ana ceto mutane daga ɗagawa da masu kula da Cibiyar Fasaha ta Victoria da aka kwashe kuma an soke wasan kwaikwayon. Rashin ya faru ne kawai sa'a guda bayan Kamfanin Gudanar da Kasuwancin Lantarki na Kasa (NEMMCO) ya fitar da wata sanarwa da ke cewa zubar da kaya ya ƙare kuma an dawo da wutar lantarki. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]

Har ila yau, fashewar wuta ta faru a yammacin birnin, wanda ya haifar da guguwar zafi ta kwana uku. An yi imanin cewa fashewa a Kudancin Morang ya ba da gudummawa ga matsalolin wutar lantarki tare da layin watsawa guda uku da ke samar da yammacin Victoria da mai samar da wutar lantarki na Victoria SP AusNet ya zubar da 1,000 megawatts. A ranar 30, Ministan Makamashi Peter Batchelor ya sanar da masu amfani da suka rasa iko sama da awanni 20 za su cancanci biyan diyya.

Yankunan da ba su fuskanci rufewa ba har yanzu suna da matsaloli tare da ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki (watakila saboda karuwar amfani da iska mai sanyaya). [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;&#x5D;

Ya zuwa 1 ga Fabrairu, an kiyasta guguwar zafi ta kashe tattalin arzikin Victoria $ 100m a cikin mako.

### Sufuri
A cikin makon, an soke dubban sabis na jirgin ƙasa da tram a cikin biranen biyu, tare da fiye da 1,300  sabis na jirgin kasa da aka soke a cikin babban birnin Melbourne kadai. An soke shi ne saboda layin dogo, gazawar iska da kuma katsewar wutar lantarki. A ranar 30, duk sufuri na jama'a a cikin birni kyauta ne yayin da gwamnati ta yarda da alhakin rashin samar da isasshen kayan aikin ababen more rayuwa don magance zafi, da kuma batutuwan da suka daɗe tare da karancin kudade. A ranar 30, an soke 730 (40%) na ayyukan jirgin kasa, mafi munin rana ta aiki tun lokacin da Connex ta karɓi iko a shekara ta 2004.

### 2009 Australian Open
An soke wasannin waje da yawa a lokacin 2009 Australian Open a ranar 29 da 30 saboda zafi. Yawancin 'yan wasa, ciki har da Novak Djokovic mai lamba 3, sun ambaci zafin jiki a matsayin dalilin janyewa daga wasannin. An nakalto Serena Williams tana cewa yana da zafi sosai a kotu ta ji kamar tana da "kwarewar jiki". Bayan wadannan ritaya da karuwa a cikin zafi, masu shirya sun amsa ta hanyar rufe rufin da kuma ba da damar 'yan wasa su fi tsayi da kankara. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;&#x5D;

### Lafiyar ɗan adam
Akwai jayayya tsakanin kafofin game da yawan mutanen da guguwar zafi ta shafa. An kula da daruruwan mutane saboda cututtukan da suka shafi zafi kuma an tabbatar da mutuwar mutane 6, kuma an yi zargin cewa zafin ya haifar da "mutuwa na kwatsam". Hukumomi sun yi aiki ta hanyar kowane shari'a don tantance ainihin yawan mutuwar da ke tattare da guguwar zafi.

Tushen labarai na kasuwanci sun bambanta sosai a yawan wadanda suka mutu, wasu sun ba da rahoton mutuwar 2 kawai, yayin da wasu ke hasashen cewa adadin na iya zama mafi girma. An yi zargin mutuwar mutum hamsin da bakwai a Kudancin Australia da 33 a Victoria,  duk da haka hukumomi sun fi son jira rahotanni na sarauta kafin su tabbatar da yawan mutanen da ke da alaƙa da guguwar zafi. 

Mai binciken jihar Victoria ya ba da sanarwar sau uku na gawawwakin da aka sanya a cikin kabari na jihar a lokacin guguwar zafi, cike da kabari zuwa iyawa. An dogara da asibitoci da gidajen jana'izar don samar da ajiyar gawawwakin wucin gadi, har ma kafin mutuwar da ke da alaƙa da gobarar Black Asabar ta haifar da ƙarin buƙata don sararin jana'izar.

A duk lokacin zafi, dubban mutane, da yawa daga cikinsu tsofaffi, an tabbatar da cewa Jami'an motar asibiti sun kula da su kuma sun sanya su a asibitoci don cututtukan da suka shafi zafi a Victoria da Kudancin Australia. Ambulance Victoria ta ba da rahoton karuwar kashi 70% a cikin kiran gaggawa a cikin mako. An kiyasta cewa kimanin mutane 2,000 a fadin Victoria da Kudancin Australia an yi musu magani saboda bugun zafi da sauran tasirin guguwar zafi. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;&#x5D;

Dangane da binciken Jami'ar Monash game da sanarwar jana'izar, fiye da mutane 200 sun mutu sakamakon guguwar zafi. An lura da karuwar kashi 45% a cikin mutuwar a lokacin. Wani rahoto na gaba daga babban jami'in kiwon lafiya na Victoria, Dokta John Carnie, ya sanya adadi na ƙarshe a 374. 

### Dabbobi da tsire-tsire
Jarirai tsuntsaye, possums da jemagu sun kasance daga cikin namun daji da ba su jimre da matsanancin zafi ba. RSPCA ta sami sau biyar na yawan shigarwa zuwa mafakar ta a Melbourne, tare da 50 possums da aka shigar da su a mafakar Burwood East kadai.

Akwai rahotanni da yawa game da koalas da ke yawo a cikin gidajen birane da gidaje don sha ruwan da mazauna ke bayarwa. Wannan hali ba sabon abu ba ne saboda dabbobi ba sa shan ruwa kuma suna jin kunya ga mutane.

A Melbourne, birni inda yawancin bishiyoyi ba na asali ba ne, musamman bishiyoyin jirgin sama da ke kan tituna da yawa na ciki da na tsakiya, bishiyoyi masu laushi sun fara zubar da ganye a farkon Fabrairu, suna haifar da bayyanar farkon kaka. Ƙuntatawa na ruwa yana nufin itatuwa da tsire-tsire da yawa sun riga sun jaddada, kuma wasu bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi a cikin wuraren shakatawa inda majalisun ba su shirya ban ruwa na musamman ba, sun mutu, ko sun sha wahala, kamar yadda bishiyoyi da tsire'o'i suka mutu a cikin lambuna masu zaman kansu.

* Wutar daji ta Black Friday - mutuwar mutane 438
* 1895-96, jihohin kudu maso gabas - mutuwar 437
* 1907-08, jihohin kudu maso gabashin - mutuwar 246
* Ruwa mai zafi na shekara ta 2024

## Manazarta