María Teresa León

**María Teresa León Goyri** (31 ga Oktoba 1903 - 13 ga Disamba 1988) marubuciya ce ta Mutanen Espanya, mai fafutuka kuma jakadan al'adu. An haife ta ne a Logroño, ita ce 'yar'uwar' yar mata kuma marubuciya ta Mutanen Espanya María Goyri (matar Ramón Menéndez Pidal). Ita kanta ta auri mawaki na Mutanen Espanya Rafael Alberti . Ta ba da gudummawa da yawa ga jaridar Diario de Burgos kuma ta buga littattafan yara Cuentos para soñar da La bella del mal amor .

## Rayuwa
Yar Angel León Lores, wani kwamandan a cikin sojojin Spain da Oliva Goyri, María Teresa ta girma a cikin iyali mai arziki cike da littattafai kuma hakan yana ci gaba da tafiya. Yayinda take yarinya ta zauna a Madrid, Barcelona da Burgos tana karatun littattafan Victor Hugo, Alexandre Dumas da Benito Pérez Galdós .  Saboda yanayin tafiye-tafiye na aikin mahaifinta, nomadism yana da tasiri sosai a rayuwarta. Mahaifiyarta, Oliva Goyri, wata mace mai ban sha'awa a zamaninta, ta tura ta karatu a Institución Libre de Enseñanza (Institución Libre de Inseñanza), inda kawunta, María Goyri ta koyar. Ta sami BA a Falsafa da Harafi .

A shekara ta 1920, lokacin da take da shekaru goma sha shida, ta auri Gonzalo de Sebastián Alfaro kuma tana da 'ya'ya maza biyu, Gonzalo (an haife ta 1921) da Enrique (an haifu ta 1925). Aure bai daɗe ba, ta rasa kula da 'ya'yanta biyu kuma ta koma gidan iyalinta a Burgos. A can ta fara ba da gudummawa ga labarai ga Diario de Burgos wanda ke hulɗa da al'amuran yanzu, al'adu, da haƙƙin mata. Ta rubuta a karkashin sunan *Isabel Inghirami*, jarumi na Gabriele d'Annunzio's Forse che sì, forse che no (Wataƙila a'a, Wataƙila a'u). Ta yi ziyararta ta farko zuwa Argentina a 1928. A shekara ta 1929 ta sadu da mawaki Rafael Alberti wanda zai zama abokinta na rayuwa. Sun yi aure a wani bikin farar hula a Mallorca a 1932. A wannan shekarar Patronato del Centro para Ampliación de Estudios (Board for Advanced Studies) ya ba ta tallafi don nazarin ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Turai. Ta yi tafiya zuwa Berlin, Belgium, Denmark, Netherlands, Norway da Tarayyar Soviet tare da saduwa da abin da ake kira "marubutan juyin juya hali" kuma ta rubuta labarai da yawa waɗanda aka buga a El Heraldo na Madrid . 

A cikin 1933 María da Alberti sun kafa mujallar Octubre kuma a cikin 1934 ta koma Tarayyar Soviet don halartar "Taron farko na Marubutan Soviet" inda ta sadu da Maxim Gorki, André Malraux da Erwin Piscator da sauransu. Daga baya a wannan shekarar ta tafi Amurka don tara kudade ga ma'aikatan da ta yi wa tashin hankali na ma'aikatan ma'adinai na Asturian a watan *Oktoba* na shekara ta 1934 wanda ba da daɗewa ba ya zama tawaye da aka yi wa Gwamnatin Spain wanda ya ƙare da mutuwar mutane 2,000 ciki har da firistoci, ma'aikatan hakar ma'adanai da ma'aikatan soja. Wannan martani ya haifar da hadin gwiwa bangarori daban-daban na hagu wanda ya haifar da kirkirar Popular Front . 

## Yaƙin basasar Spain
A ranar 18 ga Yulin 1936 María da Rafael suna Ibiza lokacin da Yaƙin basasar Spain ya ɓarke. Sun koma Madrid inda ta zama sakatariyar Alliance of Antifascist Intellectuals kuma ta kafa mujallar, El Mono Azul (The Blue Overall) wacce ta fito a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta 1936.  Masu ba da gudummawa sun haɗa da Manuel Altolaguirre, Antonio Aparicio, Vicente Aleixandre, José Bergamin, Luis Cernuda, Antonio Machado, Ramón J. Sender, Lorenzo Varela, María Zambrano da marubuta da yawa waɗanda ba na Spain ba kamar John Dos Passos, Vicente Huidobro, André Malraux da Pablo Neruda. Littafin ya kasance har zuwa fitowar arba'in da bakwai, kusan dukkanin lokacin yakin basasa.

Ta yi aiki a Junta de Defensa y Protección del Tesoro Artístico Nacional (Board of Defense and Protection of National Artistic Heritage) wanda ya ceci fasahar Museo del Prado, Palacio Real, Palacio Liria da El Escorial daga bama-bamai a lokacin yakin. Da farko an adana fasahar a cikin Prado, amma bayan da bama-bamai tara suka kai tsaye a Prado a ƙarshen Nuwamba, María, tare da mijinta Rafi'il sun jagoranci kwashewar Prado a ranar 3 ga Disamba tare da jigilar motoci masu ɓoye zuwa wani wuri mai aminci a Valencia. Rafael daga baya ya rubuta Noche de guerra en el Museo del Prado (Night of War a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Prado), wasan kwaikwayon da haruffa a cikin zane-zanen Goya suka zo rayuwa don kare birnin Madrid da aka kewaye. An fara wasan ne a *Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Piccolo* a Roma a 1973 kuma a gidan wasan kwaikwayon María Guerrero, Madrid a 1977.  Ta rubuta "Sun sadaukar da mu. Mu Spain ne tare da tufafi da kawuna da aka ɗauke su da tsawo".

## Fitarwa (1939-1977)
Bayan cin nasarar Jamhuriyar Republican sun gudu zuwa Paris ta hanyar Oran. Sun zauna a Paris har zuwa ƙarshen 1940 suna aiki a matsayin masu fassara don rediyo na Faransa kuma a matsayin masu sanar da watsa shirye-shiryen *Paris-Mondial* a Latin-Amurka. Bayan da Jamus ta mamaye Faransa sai suka tashi daga Marseille zuwa Buenos Aires a kan SS Mendoza inda suka sake haɗuwa da dubban sauran Mutanen Espanya waɗanda aka tilasta musu su gudu daga ƙasarsu. A nan ta yi amfani da gudun hijira don amfaninta don sukar kasar ta da kuma guje wa tantancewar Francoist. A shekara ta 1941 María ta haifi 'yarsu, mawaki Aitana . A cikin shekarun 1940 da 1950 ta ba da karatun aikinta a fa'idodi waɗanda suka taimaka wa wadanda ke fama da Nazi ko ma'aikatan yajin aiki a Argentina; da yawa daga cikinsu an shirya su tare da haɗin gwiwar soprano Isa Kremer wanda ya raira waƙa a waɗannan fa'idorin. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;**&#x5D;

Tare da isowar Juan Perón tantancewar siyasa da fasaha da aka ɗora ta sa rayuwa ta ƙara wahala a Argentina kuma a cikin 1963, bayan zama shekaru 23 a Buenos Aires, sun koma Roma. A ranar 27 ga Afrilu 1977 sun koma Spain bayan kusan shekaru talatin da takwas na gudun hijira. María, duk da haka, tana fama da Cutar Alzheimer kuma ba ta iya gane ko da tsoffin abokanta mafi kusa ba. Ta shafe shekarunta na ƙarshe a wani asibiti a cikin duwatsu a wajen Madrid. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed]

Ta mutu a ranar 13 ga Disamba 1988 kuma an binne ta a makabartar da ke Majadahonda a wajen Madrid. A kan kabarinta akwai kalmomin da mijinta ya rubuta: "Esta mañana, amor, tenemos veinte años" (Yauye, soyayya, muna da shekaru ashirin). María Teresa León koyaushe tana ɗauke da ƙaunarta ga Gonzalo da Enrique, 'ya'yanta na farko. A rayuwarta ta sha wahala daga rabuwa da 'yan gudun hijira biyu suka haifar: na farko daga' ya'yanta, sannan daga kasar ta.

## Manazarta