Mahler (fim)

***Mahler*** wani fim ne na tarihin rayuwar Birtaniyya a shekara ta 1974 dangane da rayuwar mawakin Austro-Bohemian Gustav Mahler . Ken Russell ne ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni don Kasuwancin Goodtimes, kuma ya yi tauraro Robert Powell a matsayin Gustav Mahler da Georgina Hale a matsayin Alma Mahler . An shigar da fim din a cikin 1974 Cannes Film Festival, inda ya lashe lambar yabo ta fasaha. 

## Bayanin Fim
Ƙididdigar buɗewa ta fara ne da wata 'yar bukka a kan wani rami a kan wani tafkin da ba shi da kyau yana fashewa da harshen wuta; sai wata mace mai kwarjini ta yi ta faman warware fararen kayanta a wani wuri a waje kusa da wani dutsen da aka sassaka kan Mahler.

Tsarin fim din shi ne cewa Mahler da matarsa Alma sun dawo Turai daga lokacin da yake gudanar da shi a Amurka, kuma suna cikin jirgin kasa zuwa Vienna. Jama'a na ta cincirindo suna gaisawa da shi a kowace tasha, amma sai ya sa Alma ya zana makafi kuma ba zai saurari jawaban mutane ba balle ya karbe bouquet dinsu. Maimakon haka, abubuwa dabam-dabam a cikin jirgin suna jawo tunaninsa ko wahayi, kuma muna ganin su. Masoyin Alma Max shima yana cikin jirgin, yana roƙonta da ta bar Mahler ta tashi tare da shi tasha biyu kafin Vienna.

An ga bukka maras kyau akan ramin a farkon waƙa: Mahler yana ƙoƙarin yin waƙa a cikinta, kuma ya sa Alma ya zagaya dukan tafkin yana rufe dabbobi da mutanen da ke hayaniya. Ta yi nasara a wannan ta hanyar lallashi da ba da giya.

Matar da ta yarda ta canza ɗaki tare da ma'auratan ta yi sharhi cewa sabon shiri na Mahler na Tara duk game da mutuwa ne; hakan ya bata masa rai, kamar yadda wani ya ce bayan Beethoven babu wani mawaki da zai iya rubuta wakoki fiye da tara. Yana da ciwon zuciya kuma likita a cikin jirgin yana kulawa da farfado da shi, amma yana da hangen nesa na rayuwa a cikin akwatin gawa yayin da Alma da Max suka yi watsi da rokonsa, suna ci gaba da juna tare da kone shi.

Sauran abubuwan da suka faru sun haɗa da ziyarar Sarkin Austriya Franz Josef game da aikin darektan kiɗa. Franz Josef ya kasance matashi da yawa don farkon shekarun 1900, lokacin da aka shirya fim ɗin, kuma ya ƙara yin buƙatu masu banƙyama akan Mahler, yana ƙarewa ta hanyar sanya shi fallasa shaidar zahiri cewa shi Bayahude ne kuma ya ƙi shi a kan waɗannan dalilai. Ya zama cewa wannan ba shine ainihin Sarkin sarakuna ba amma abokin Mahler ne wanda *ke tunanin* shi ne Sarkin sarakuna, kuma yankin shine mafaka. A wani labarin kuma, Alma na son yin waka ita ma babbar mawakiyar Mahler ta rera wakar ta, amma Mahler ta ce mata aikinta na mata da uwa ne kuma abun da ke tattare da shi yana da matukar damuwa, inda ya ba da misali da mahaukaciyar abokinsu da kuma dan uwan Mahler, wanda rashin nasararsa ya haifar da hakan. raunin hankalinsa da kashe kansa. Alma cikin ɓacin rai ta binne waƙarta a cikin daji tana baƙin ciki.

Juyawar Mahler zuwa Katolika yana bayyana ta hanyar zato mai ban sha'awa inda ya yi baftisma na wuta da jini a kan dutsen, wanda Cosima Wagner ke jagoranta, wanda tasirinsa a matsayin gwauruwar Richard Wagner yana nufin kin jinin Yahudawa yana da karfi a cikin kiɗa. duniya. An nuno ta tana zagayawa cikin mugun kayan shafa baƙar fata, sanye da hular Prussian da rigar wanka tare da giciye a gaba da swastika a baya.

A cikin sakewa na ƙarshe, Alma ya fusata sosai kuma ya kai masa hari a cikin bukkar da ke kan rafin domin ya rubuta waƙar waƙa *akan Mutuwar Yara* ( *Kindertotenlieder* ). Wannan yana da alaƙa da ainihin mutuwar ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yansa, amma hakan ya faru da gaske bayan shekaru.

Likitan da ke cikin jirgin da ya kula da shi ya gaya masa cewa yana cikin koshin lafiya. Mahler ta gaya wa Alma cewa tana da zaɓi na tashi kafin Vienna tare da Max a wurinsa ko zama tare da shi. Tana son sanin ko ya taba sanya ta a gaban kidansa; yace duk wakarsa ta shafi ita kuma ita *ce* wakarsa. Suna sumbata, kuma Max ya tashi ba tare da ita ba. Mahler ya kasance cikin fara'a don nuna kansa a taga jirgin ƙasa kuma ya karɓi bouquets daga magoya baya.

Sun isa Vienna, inda likitan ya ba da rahoto ga likitan Mahler na yau da kullum ta wayar tarho; na karshen ya bayyana cewa Mahler yana rashin lafiya sosai kuma yana da mako guda ko biyu kawai ya rayu. Likitan jirgin kasa ya sadu da ma'aurata masu farin ciki yayin da suke tafiya ta tashar kuma suka fara gaya wa Mahler ainihin yanayin lafiyarsa; amma Mahler ya ce baya bukatar ji domin shi da Alma za su rayu har abada.

## Yan wasan kwaikwayo
 
* Robert Powell as Gustav Mahler
** Gary Rich as Young Gustav
* Georgina Hale as Alma Mahler
* Lee Montague as Bernhard Mahler
* Miriam Karlin as Aunt Rosa
* Rosalie Crutchley as Marie Mahler
* Richard Morant as Max
* Angela Down as Justine Mahler
* Antonia Ellis as Cosima Wagner
* Ronald Pickup as Nick
* Peter Eyre as Otto Mahler
* Dana Gillespie as Anna von Mildenburg
* George Coulouris as Doctor Roth
* David Collings as Hugo Wolf
* Arnold Yarrow as Grandfather
* David Trevena as Doctor Richter
* Elaine Delmar as Princess
* Benny Lee as Uncle Arnold
* Andrew Faulds as Doctor On Train
* Otto Diamant as Professor Sladky
* Michael Southgate as Alois Mahler
* Ken Colley as Siegfried Krenek
* Sarah McClellan as Putzi
* Claire McClellan as Glucki
* Oliver Reed as Station Master 

Makin kiɗan na fim ɗin ya ƙunshi rikodi na ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Royal Concertgebouw wanda Bernard Haitink ke gudanarwa.

## Samarwa
Russell ya daɗe yana sha'awar kiɗan Mahler. Ya ce ya dora fim din ne a kan "Rondo form in music inda za ka gabatar da jigon kuma ka bi shi da banbance-banbance, sannan ka koma kan jigon da dai sauransu. Jigo na shi ne tafiyar jirgin kasa ta karshe da mawakin ya yi kafin ya rasu. A yayin tafiya sai mu yi ta haskawa. Komawa abubuwan da suka faru a rayuwarsa, bambance-bambancen akan jigon kamar yadda suke. 

Kamfanin David Puttnam Goodtimes ya shirya yin jerin fina-finai guda shida game da mawaƙa, duk wanda Ken Russell ya jagoranta. Batutuwan sun hada da Franz Liszt, George Gershwin, Ralph Vaughan Williams da Richard Wagner ; suka yanke shawarar fara yi Mahler. Hukumar Kula da Fina-Finai ta kasa ta cire tallafinta kafin yin fim ma’ana Puttnam ta rage kasafin kudin daga £400,000 zuwa £180,000.  Russell ya ce fim din yana da masu goyon bayan Jamusawa wadanda su ma suka janye kafin a fara daukar fim din, lamarin da ya tilasta daukar fim din a Ingila ba a Jamus ba. Russell ya ce Puttnam ba shi da wani labari mai mahimmanci a cikin fim din da ya bambanta da haɗin gwiwar su na gaba, Lisztomania . 

An yi wasu sassan waje na fim ɗin a Borrowdale, a cikin gundumar Tekun Turanci.

Fim ɗin ya haɗa da wasan kwaikwayo na fim ɗin Luchino Visconti na *Mutuwa a Venice*, wanda Russell ya ƙi. "Dirk [Bogarde] ya ba da mafi munin aikin rayuwarsa a *Mutuwa a Venice* ", in ji Russell. "Halinsa ba shi da alaƙa da Mahler. Mahler bai taɓa lalacewa ba, baya tausayi kansa, bai taɓa yin mafarkin abin da ya gabata ba. Dukan abin ya kasance ɗan murmushi a ɓangaren Visconti kuma yana da kasala. Ya taka irin wannan taken Mahler a ciki. kowane fage."

## Karɓuwa
A cewar wani asusun, a shekara ta 1985 fim ɗin ya yi asarar fam 14,000.  Sai dai Sandy Lieberson na Goodtimes ya ce "fim din an sayar da shi a ko'ina kuma ya samu riba mai kyau."  Russell ya kuma ce fim din ya ci riba amma ya yi ikirarin a shekarar 1991 bai taba ganin rabonsa ba. 

Russell kawai ya ƙare yin fim guda ɗaya tare da Puttnam, *Lisztomania* . Ana nufin fim ɗin game da Wagner ya biyo baya, kodayake ba a taɓa yin shi ba.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* 
* Mahler at AllMovie
* Mahler at the TCM Movie Database
* ''Trauma as Memory in Ken Russell's Mahler'', by Eftychia Papanikolaou; chapter in *After Mahler's Death* edited by Gerold W. Gruber, Morten Solvik and Jan Vičar, 72–89. Olomouc, Czech Republic: Palacký University, 2013.