Rashin amfani da man fetur

Fasahar man fetur shine ƙaddamar da raguwar duniya a hankali na amfani da samar da man fetur zuwa sifili, don rage gurɓataccen iska, iyakance canjin yanayi, da ƙarfafa 'canjin makamashi. Yana daga cikin ci gaba da sauya makamashi mai sabuntawa.

Kasashe da yawa suna rufe Tashoshin wutar lantarki masu amfani da kwal,    kuma ana zaton samar da wutar lantarki mai amfani da burbushin halittu sun kai kololuwa.  Amma samar da wutar lantarki ba ya motsawa daga kwal da sauri don cimma burin yanayi. Kasashe da yawa sun sanya ranakun dakatar da sayar da man fetur da motocin diesel da manyan motoci, amma ba a amince da jadawalin dakatar da konewar gas ba.

Kokarin yanzu a cikin fasahar man fetur ya haɗa da maye gurbin man fetur tare da tushen Makamashi mai ɗorewa a fannoni kamar sufuri da dumama. Sauran hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su don amfani da man fetur sun hada da wutar lantarki, hydrogen mai kore da man fetutattun abubuwa. Manufofin da aka fitar sun haɗa da matakan buƙata da na wadata. Ganin cewa hanyoyin da ake buƙata suna neman rage amfani da man fetur, shirye-shiryen samarwa suna neman hana samarwa don hanzarta saurin canjin makamashi da rage hayaki. An ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a zartar da dokoki don sa kamfanonin man fetur su binne adadin carbon kamar yadda suke fitarwa. Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Duniya ta kiyasta cewa don cimma matsaya ta carbon a tsakiyar karni, saka hannun jari na duniya a cikin makamashi mai sabuntawa dole ne ya ninka sau uku a shekara ta 2030, ya kai sama da dala tiriliyan 4 a kowace shekara.&nbsp;

Ya zuwa shekara ta 2024 amfani da man fetur na duniya yana ƙaruwa, yana ci gaba da yanayin tun 1965, idan ba a baya ba.

Duk da yake ana fitar da man fetur da iskar gas a cikin hanyoyin sunadarai (misali samar da sabbin tubalan gini don filastik) yayin da ake bunkasa tattalin arzikin zagaye da tattalin arzikin biobased (misali Bioplastics)  don rage gurɓataccen filastik, matakin man fetur na burbushin halittu musamman yana da niyyar kawo karshen konewar man fetur kuma sakamakon samar da iskar hayaki. Sabili da haka, ƙoƙarin rage amfani da mai da iskar gas a cikin masana'antar filastik ba su zama wani ɓangare na fashewar man fetur ko rage shirye-shiryen.

## Nau'o'in man fetur

### Karfe
Don saduwa da manufar Yarjejeniyar Paris na kiyaye dumamar duniya zuwa ƙasa da  ° C (3.6 ° F), amfani da kwal yana buƙatar raguwa daga 2020 zuwa 2030. Koyaya, tun daga shekara ta 2017, kwal ya samar da fiye da kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na makamashi na farko na duniya  da kuma kusan kashi 40% na hayakin gas daga man fetur.  Kashe kwal yana da fa'idodin kiwon lafiya na ɗan gajeren lokaci da muhalli wanda ya wuce farashi, kuma ba tare da shi ba za a iya cika burin 2 ° C a cikin Yarjejeniyar Paris ba; amma wasu ƙasashe har yanzu suna son kwal, kuma akwai rashin jituwa sosai game da yadda ya kamata a fitar da shi da sauri.&nbsp;

Ya zuwa 2018, kasashe 30 da gwamnatoci da kamfanoni da yawa na kasa sun zama mambobi na Powering Past Coal Alliance, kowannensu yana yin sanarwa don ci gaba da sauyawa daga ba tare da raguwa ba (ƙananan hanyoyin tare da kama carbon da ajiya (CCS), amma kusan dukkanin tashoshin wutar lantarki ba su ragu ba kamar yadda CCS yake da tsada sosai) samar da wutar lantarki. Ya zuwa 2019, duk da haka, ƙasashen da ke amfani da mafi yawan kwal ba su shiga ba, kuma wasu ƙasashe suna ci gaba da gina da kuma tallafawa sabbin tashoshin wutar lantarki. Bankin Turai don sake ginawa da ci gaba yana tallafawa sauyawa daga kwal.

A cikin 2019 Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya ce ya kamata kasashe su daina gina sabbin tashoshin wutar lantarki daga 2020 ko kuma su fuskanci 'babban bala'i'.

A cikin 2020, kodayake China ta gina wasu shuke-shuke, an yi ritaya da karin wutar lantarki a duniya fiye da yadda aka gina: Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya ce ya kamata ƙasashen OECD su daina samar da wutar lantarki daga kwal a shekara ta 2030 da sauran duniya a shekara ta 2040.

## Manazarta