open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Midland Rail Heritage Trust

An kafa **Midland Rail Heritage Trust** a ranar 28 ga Afrilu 2004 ta ƙungiyar masu sha'awar jirgin ƙasa don adanawa da inganta layin Midland Railway da locomotives na tururi waɗanda ke aiki da shi. Ya samo asali ne a Old Railway Yards, Pococks Road, Springfield .  The Trust memba ne na Tarayyar Ƙungiyoyin Rail na New Zealand .  Har ila yau, Trust shine mai mallakar kuma mai hannun jari na Midland Railway Company (NZ) Limited. Ya zuwa 2021, an tura tashar Christchurch ta Mainline Steam Heritage Trust zuwa nan bayan mai mallakar tsohuwar tashar a Middleton ya nemi su ci gaba.

## Tarihi
An kafa Asusun ne a watan Afrilun 2004. An kafa shi a ƙarƙashin Dokar Amintattun Agaji ta 1957 a ranar 27 ga Mayu 2004. 

A shekarar 2005, an gano jiragen ƙasa guda uku da aka jefa a kogin Grey da ke Omoto. Su ne Uc 369, Uc 370 da La 312.  Kamfanin White Bus Family Production ya sami izinin dawo da su kuma ya bai wa Trust Uc369 da Uc370 bisa fahimtar cewa idan Trust ya rabu, mallakar La 312 zai dawo. White Bus Family Production ya riƙe mallakar La 312. 

Haka kuma a shekarar 2005, an ba da gudummawar wasu na'urorin rage radadi guda biyu daga ayyukan Islington Freezing ga Trust, sannan aka sayi wani keken gantry mai nauyin tan 15 da kayan aiki daga Otira Railway Workshop. A shekarar 2008, an samo layin dogo daga tsohon gefen sansanin sojojin Burnham. An haɗa layukan daga tsohon filin jirgin ƙasa zuwa hanyar sadarwa ta Kiwirail a watan Janairun 2010. Har zuwa shekarar 2011, tare da taimakon ma'aikata huɗu daga gine-ginen tsarin aiki na Work and Income, an gyara layin dogo kuma an gudanar da aikin layin dogo.

Sakataren Amintaccen a shekarar 2012 shine Simon Walker.  A wancan lokacin, ƙungiyar ta gabatar da ƙara ga Majalisar Dokoki don nuna adawa da Dokar Gyaran Kuɗin Rage Barazana ga Caca (Cikewar Caca), domin sun yi la'akari da cewa za ta cire tushen kuɗi daga asusun agaji na caca da ƙungiyar ke amfani da shi.

## Motocin motsa jiki da na'urorin motsa jiki

### Motocin tafiya

* MRHT kuma tana da jikinta mai laushi daga U 194 a hannunsu. 

### Kekunan hawa

### Kekunan hawa

*

## Manazarta
Timothy Ray

**Timothy Michael Ray**  shi ne Janar na Sojojin Sama na Amurka wanda ya yi ritaya wanda ya yi aiki na karshe a matsayin kwamandan Air Force Global Strike Command daga 21 ga Agusta, 2018, zuwa 27 ga Agusta. Ya yi aiki a lokaci guda a matsayin kwamandan Air Forces Strategic - Air, United States Strategic Command. Ayyukansa guda biyu da suka gabata sun kasance a matsayin Mataimakin Kwamandan, Kwamandan Turai na Amurka, kuma a matsayin Kwamandan, Sojojin Sama na Uku. A baya ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan shirye-shiryen wutar lantarki na duniya a Ofishin Mataimakin Sakataren Sojojin Sama don Samun, Hedikwatar Sojojin Jirgin Sama na Amurka, Washington, DC.

## Ayyukan soja
Ray ɗan asalin DeLand ne, Florida. A watan Fabrairun 2018, an zabi shi don ci gaba zuwa Janar  da sakewa a matsayin kwamandan Air Force Global Strike Command. Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka ta tabbatar da wannan gabatarwa a watan Maris na shekara ta 2018. Kafin aikinsa na yanzu, Ray ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Kwamandan, Kwamandan Turai na Amurka a Stuttgart, Jamus.

An gudanar da bikin ritaya a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2021, amma ya dauki har zuwa watan Agusta na wannan shekarar kafin mataimakinsa, Lieutenant Janar Anthony J. Cotton ya cire shi a matsayin kwamandan Air Force Global Strike Command .  Ray ya yi ritaya daga rundunar sojan Amurka a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2021.

## Ilimi

* 1985 Digiri na farko na Kimiyya a cikin Injiniyancin Factors na Mutum, Kwalejin Sojan Sama ta Amurka, Colorado Springs, Colo.
* 1994 Mai digiri na musamman, Makarantar Jami'in Squadron, Maxwell AFB, Ala.
* 1998 Jagoran Kimiyya a kimiyyar jirgin sama da gudanarwa, Jami'ar Aeronautical ta Embry-Riddle, Daytona Beach, Fla.
* 1998 Mai digiri na musamman, Air Command and Staff College, Maxwell AFB, Ala.
* 2004 Jagoran Kimiyya a cikin nazarin dabarun, Kwalejin Yakin Jirgin Sama, Maxwell AFB, Ala.
* 2008 Babban Jami'in Zartarwa, Jami'ar Harvard, Cambridge, Mass.

## Manazarta
John W. Raymond

**John William Raymond** (an haife shi a ranar 30 ga Afrilu, 1962)  shi ne Janar na rundunar sararin samaniya ta Amurka da ya yi ritaya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban farko na ayyukan sararin samaniya daga 2019 zuwa 2022. mai kula na farko, ya yi aiki a matsayin kwamandan rundunar sararin samaniya ta Amurka daga 2019 zuwa 2020.

An haife shi a cikin iyalin soja, an ba da izini ga Raymond a cikin Sojojin Sama na Amurka a 1984 bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Clemson . Jami'in aiki mai linzami da ayyukan sararin samaniya, ya umarci Squadron na 5th Space Surveillance, 30th Operations Group, 14th Air Force, Joint Force Space Component Command, da Air Force Space Command. An tura shi aiki a yakin Afghanistan da Yaƙin Iraki .

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haife shi a Monterey County, California,  kuma ya girma a Alexandria, Virginia, John William Raymond ɗan Barbara Ryan ne kuma ya yi ritaya daga Sojojin Amurka Colonel John Allen Raymond (1935-2016).   Tun daga shekara ta 1865, iyalinsa sun kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Sojan Amurka a West Point, New York, ciki har da kakansa, kakansa, da mahaifinsa.   Babban kakansa, Sojojin Brigadier Janar Charles Walker Raymond, ya kammala karatu a matsayin babban cadet na ajin sa a 1865.   A matsayinsa na kyaftin din Sojoji, injiniyan farar hula Charles Raymond ya umarci tawagar da ta tafi Arewacin Tasmania don yin amfani da Venus a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1874. Mahaifinsa ya kammala karatu a shekara ta 1958 a West Point, inda ya taɓa koyar da ilimin taurari. Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Thomas Jefferson kuma ya kammala a shekarar 1980.

## Ayyukan soja

### Sojojin Sama na Amurka

An ba da umurni ga Raymond a cikin Sojojin Sama a shekarar 1984 a matsayin mataimakin na biyu bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Clemson . A shekara mai zuwa, an sanya shi a cikin 321st Strategic Missile Wing a matsayin kwamandan ma'aikatan yaki da makamai masu linzami a Grand Forks Air Force Base. Daga 1989 zuwa 1993, Raymond ya kasance mai kula da cibiyar aiki tare da 1st Strategic Aerospace Division da kuma babban jami'in 30th Space Wing a Vandenberg Air Force Base. A shekara ta 1993, an sanya shi a cikin Air Force Space Command a matsayin shugaban ayyukan ɗaga sararin samaniya na kasuwanci da mataimakin shugaban ayyukan yanzu kuma, a shekara ta 1996, a matsayin mataimakin darakta na ƙungiyar aikin babban kwamandan.

Dokar da ta kirkiro rundunar sararin samaniya ta bayyana cewa shugaban ayyukan sararin samaniya zai zama memba na Shugabannin hadin gwiwa ne kawai shekara guda bayan kafa shi, amma an ba Raymond damar shiga Shugabannin had hadin gwiwa nan da nan saboda Sakataren Tsaro na lokacin Mark Esper da Shugaban Shugabannin hadirun Mark Milley sun kalli yana da muhimmanci ga tsaron kasa. A watan Disamba na 2020, Raymond ya zama memba na hukuma na Joint Chiefs of Staff, ofishinsa ya zama memba ya 8 na Joint Chyefs .  Tare da sauran mambobin Joint Chiefs of Staff, Raymond ya yi tir da harin da aka kai a Capitol na Amurka a shekarar 2021.

## Manazarta
Russell Dumas

**Sir Russell John Dumas** KBE, CMG (17 ga Janairu 1887 - 10 ga Agusta 1975) ya kasance Ma'aikacin gwamnati kuma injiniya wanda ya jagoranci manyan ayyukan aiki da yawa a Yammacin Australia.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Dumas a Dutsen Barker, Kudancin Australia na biyu cikin 'ya'ya biyar na Charles M. R. Dumas (1851-1935), wanda ya kafa jaridar Mount Barker Courier. Dumas ya halarci Kwalejin Prince Alfred kuma ya kammala digiri na farko a Jami'ar Adelaide. 

## Ayyuka
Dumas ya fara aiki a matsayin mai zane a Sashen Babban Injiniya a 1910,  sannan ya zama mai tsara ayyukan magudanar ruwa a Naracoorte. Dumas ya shiga cikin Sojojin Daular Australiya a 1916, kuma ya yi aiki a Yammacin Gabas a Faransa daga 1917 zuwa 1918. Ya zama lieutenant kuma an ji masa rauni sau biyu; aikinsa ya ƙare a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba 1919.

Dumas ya koma aikinsa a Naracoorte, kuma an inganta shi zuwa injiniyan zama a 1923.  A cikin 1925, Dumas da iyalinsa sun koma Yammacin Ostiraliya inda ya shiga Sashen Ruwa na Metropolitan, Ruwa da Ruwa. A can ya ba da umarnin gina madatsar ruwa Churchman Brook, madatsar ruwa ta Drakesbrook / Waroona da Wellington; da haɓaka Harvey weir; da faɗaɗa wuraren ban ruwa a Collie da Harvey.

A shekara ta 1932, ya kasance shugaban Cibiyar Injiniyoyi ta Perth.  A cikin 1934, Dumas ya zama babban injiniya a Ma'aikatar Ruwa ta Metropolitan, Ruwa da Ruwa kuma ya jagoranci ƙira da gina madatsar ruwan Canning, Samson Brook da Stirling. A mita 45 tsawo, Stirling Dam ita ce madatsar ruwa mafi girma a Ostiraliya.

Dumas ya zama shugaban injiniya a Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a a shekara ta 1941. Ya ba da shawarar tsarin samar da ruwa ga yankin Wheatbelt wanda ya haɗa da haɓaka Mundaring Weir da Wellington Dam. Dumas ya tattauna da gwamnatin Tarayya kuma ya sami kudade don aikin. Ya kuma shiga cikin Tsarin Kogin Ord tun daga farko.

Dumas ne ke da alhakin ci gaban ƙasa mai yawa a cikin gundumar da Kwamitin Ci Gaban Yankin Albany ke jagoranta, kuma ya tattauna da kafa masana'antar mai, ma'aunin ƙarfe da aikin siminti a Kwinana. A shekara ta 1952 ya kai shekarun ritaya na yau da kullun, amma yayin da ake kammala ci gaban Kwinana, Gwamnati ta yi amfani da Dumas tare da ƙarin iko da matsayi don kula da kammala aikin. Dumas ya yi ritaya a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1953.

Bayan ya yi ritaya, Dumas ya shiga Weld Club, ya zama darektan kamfanoni da yawa kuma ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga Sir Charles Court.[1] A cikin shekarun 1960, Dumas ya shiga cikin kamfen don ceton The Barracks Arch, tsohon gidan Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a, daga rushewa.[1]

Dumas ya mutu a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta 1975 a Albany, Yammacin Ostiraliya.

## Manazarta
Robert H. Reed

**Robert Harvey Reed** (10 ga Oktoba, 1929 - 24 ga Disamba, 2017) ya kasance Janar a cikin Sojojin Sama na Amurka kuma tsohon shugaban ma'aikatan Babban Hedikwatar Allied Powers Europe.

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Reed a 1929, a garin Elkhorn, Kentucky,  kuma ta kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Warfield, a Warfield, Kentucky. 

Daga Yuni 1952 zuwa Yuni 1953 ya halarci horo na matukin jirgi a Marana Air Base, Arizona, da Williams Air Force Base, kuma a Arizona, a matsayin ɗan jirgin sama. Bayan kammala karatunsa a matsayin Lieutenant na biyu, ya kammala makarantar F-94C Starfire All-Weather Fighter-Interceptor a Moody Air Force Base, Georgia, kuma a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1953 an sanya shi a cikin 332nd Fighter-Interceptor Squadron a New Castle Air Force Base. 

An sanya shi a matsayin matukin jirgi na F-89D Scorpion zuwa 18th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, Ladd Air Force Base, Alaska, a watan Yulin shekara ta 1954. Bayan kammala aikinsa na Alaska a watan Yulin 1956, an sanya shi a cikin 319th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron a Bunker Hill Air Force Base, Indiya. Sauran ayyukan ƙungiyar sun haɗa da aiki a matsayin darektan makamai da jami'in aiki tare da 903d Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, Gettysburg, Dakota ta Kudu; 740th Aircraft Control da Warning Squadrron, Ellsworth Air Force Base, Dakota ta kudu; 916th Aircraft Management and Warning squadron, Prince George, British Columbia; kuma a matsayin kwamandan jirgin sama, 49th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron), Griffiss Air Force Base.  Ya sami digiri na farko a fannin alaƙar kasa da kasa daga Jami'ar Syracuse, New York, a shekarar 1959.

### Ayyukansa na baya
A watan Satumbar 1967 ya tafi Richards-Gebaur Air Force Base, Missouri. , inda ya yi aiki ga kwamandan, 10th Air Force, a matsayin mataimakin na musamman don tsara kwamandan. A watan Yulin 1968 ya sauya zuwa 479th Tactical Fighter Wing, George Air Force Base, California, kuma ya kammala horar da ma'aikatan yaki na F-4 Phantom II a shirye-shiryen aiki zuwa Kudu maso gabashin Asiya.

Janar din ya sauya shi a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1968 zuwa 12th Tactical Fighter Wing, Cam Ranh Bay Air Base, Jamhuriyar Vietnam, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in aiki na 557th Tactical Fighter Squadron. Yayinda yake can ya kammala sa'o'i 305 na yaƙi a cikin F-4 Phantom IIs. Bayan ya dawo Amurka a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1969, ya shiga horo na F-106 Delta Dart a Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida. Daga nan aka sanya shi a matsayin jami'in aiki na 84th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, Hamilton Air Force Base, California . 

## Mutuwa
Reed ya mutu a gidansa a Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, a ranar 24 ga Disamba, 2017. 

## Kyaututtuka da kayan ado

## Manazarta
Thomas C. Richards

**Thomas Carl Richards** (Fabrairu 13, 1930 - Agusta 9, 2020) ya kasance Janar a cikin Sojojin Sama na Amurka, tsohon shugaban ma'aikatan Babban Hedikwatar Allied Powers Europe, kuma Mai Gudanarwa na 12 na Hukumar Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Tarayya.

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Richards a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, 1930, a San Diego, California .  Ya kammala karatu daga Hampton High School, Virginia, a shekarar 1948. 

Ya fara aikin soja ne tare da Sojojin Amurka a shekarar 1948. Ya yi aiki a matsayin sajan a lokacin Yaƙin Koriya kuma an ji masa rauni sau biyu. Ya sami kwamiti a matsayin fitaccen digiri na shirin Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps a Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Virginia a shekarar 1956, inda ya sami digiri na farko na kimiyya a cikin gudanar da kasuwanci. Richards ya shiga horo na matukin jirgi kuma ya sami fuka-fukansa a Goodfellow Air Force Base, Texas, a cikin 1957. Bayan horo na ma'aikatan yaƙi, an sanya shi a matsayin matukin jirgi na B-47 Stratojet tare da Rundunar Jirgin Sama ta 19th Bombardment Wing, Homestead Air Force Base, Florida, daga Disamba 1958 zuwa Fabrairu 1961.

An inganta shi zuwa kwamandan B-47E Stratojet a Little Rock Air Force Base, Arkansas, kafin a canja shi, a watan Yulin 1961, zuwa 301st Bombardment Wing a Lockbourne Air Force Base. Ya kammala Makarantar Jami'an Squadron a 1963 kuma ya sami horo na B-52 Stratofortress a Castle Air Force Base, California, daga Mayu zuwa Agusta 1964. Ayyukansa na gaba sun kasance a cikin 20th Bombardment Squadron a Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana, sannan daga baya zuwa Carswell Air Force Base. A wannan lokacin, ya kasance kwamandan jirgin sama a kan aikin yaki na farko na B-52 a kan Vietnam. 

### Ayyukansa na baya
Bayan kammala horo na ma'aikatan yaƙi da horo a cikin Oktoba 1966, an sanya Richards zuwa 19th Tactical Air Support Squadron a Bien Hoa Air Base, Jamhuriyar Vietnam, a matsayin mai kula da iska na gaba tare da 101st Airborne Division. Ya yi aiki a jere tare da 56th Air Commando Wing a Udorn Royal Thai Air Force Base, Thailand, tare da sabis na musamman a Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka, Vientiane Laos . Bugu da kari, ya umarci Raven Forward Air Controllers kuma ya tashi yaƙi 624 a cikin O-1 Bird Dogs, T-28 Trojans, U-10D Super Couriers da U-17 Skywagons.

## Kyaututtuka
Kyaututtuka da ya samu a lokacin aikinsa: 

## Manazarta
OLA Girls Senior High School (Kenyasi)

**Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Ola** ita ce cibiyar mata ta farko da za ta yi karatun zagaye na biyu a Kenya mai lamba 2 da za a kafa a Yankin Ahafo na Ghana .    

## Tarihi
An kafa Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Ola a shekarar 1973 ta hannun 'Yan'uwa Matan Katolika, Uwargidanmu ta Manzanni tare da haɗin gwiwar marigayi Rev James Kwadwo Owusu, da kuma Omanhene na yankin gargajiya na Kenyasi mai lamba 2, Nana Nsiah Ababio.  Duk da haka, an fara makarantar a hukumance a ranar 27 ga Satumba, 1974 da 'yan mata 34. Har zuwa Satumba, 1976 ne aka shigar da ita cikin tsarin makarantun gwamnati. 

## Nasarori
Jami'ar Ola Girls' SHS, Kenyasi ta zo ta uku a gasar Hukumar Makamashi ta 6. Legon PRESEC ta sha kaye a hannunta, inda ta zo ta farko, Jami'ar Ahantaman Girls' SHS ta zo ta biyu, Cibiyar Fasaha ta Dabokpa ta zo ta huɗu, Adidome SHS ta zo ta biyar, da kuma Jami'ar Damongo SHS ta zo ta shida. 

## Manazarta
Mostyn Evan

**Griffith Mostyn Evan** (22 Satumba 1861  - 25 Disamba 1924), wanda ake kira G. M. Evan ko Mostyn Evan, lauya ne kuma mai kula da wasanni a Kudancin Australia.

## Tarihi
An haifi Evan a Adelaide ɗan na huɗu na Rev. Cadwallader William Evan (ya mutu a ranar 22 ga watan Agusta 1876), minista na farko da ke kula da Ikilisiyar Tunawa ta Stow, kuma ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Prince Alfred . Bayan ya yanke shawarar yin aiki tare da doka, Evan ya yi magana da Charles Kingston, K.C., kuma a cikin 1890 ya shiga haɗin gwiwa tare da Hiram W. Varley, a matsayin Varley da Evan, wanda ya kasance tare da shi duk rayuwarsa.

A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa Evan ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Dokokin Australiya, kuma lokacin da Arewacin Adelaide Juniors, wanda shi ne kyaftin din, ya haɗu da North Park a 1885 don kafa Adelaide Football Club a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Kudancin Australia, an nada shi mataimakin kyaftin din sabon babban kulob din.[1] Ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a Kudancin Adelaide da ƙaramin ƙwallon ƙwallon kurket tare da Kensington Cricket Club, kuma lokacin da wannan ƙungiyar ta haɗu da Kungiyar Austral kuma ta shiga aji na farko a 1886, an nada Evan a matsayin wakili ga Kungiyar Cricket.

Evan ya kasance memba na Majalisar Cricket ta Australiya ta farko, wanda aka gudanar a 1892, tare da Henry Sparks, Bill Whitridge, da George Giffen . Ya kuma kasance memba na Kwamitin Kula da Cricket na Australiya na farko da magajinsa, don haka yana da bambancin zama a kowane kwamiti na Australiya da aka nada don sarrafa wasan kurket na duniya har zuwa mutuwarsa. Evan ya gaji J. W. Collins a matsayin mai ba da kuɗi na ƙungiyar, kuma Bernard Scrymgour ya biyo baya. Shekaru da yawa Evan ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kwamitin ƙasa da na kudi na ƙungiyar, kuma ya yi aiki da shugaban kasa, sannan aka zabe shi zuwa matsayin a 1920 lokacin da Sir Edwin Smith ya mutu. Ya kasance mai kula da SACA na shekaru da yawa. , kuma memba na kwamitin kudi har zuwa shekara guda kafin mutuwarsa. An kuma san Evan da lacrosse da bowls, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin farko na Adelaide Oval Bowling Club. Shekaru 22 ya kasance shugaban kungiyar Lacrosse. Ya kasance a wani lokaci kuma shugaban League of South Australian Wheelmen, babbar ƙungiyar motsa jiki ta wasanni. Ya kuma shiga cikin wasanni; na tsawon shekaru 27 ya yi aiki a matsayin alƙali a taron wasanni na kwalejoji. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Birnin Adelaide na tsawon shekaru biyu.

## Iyali
Daga cikin 'yan uwan Evan hudu ko biyar da' yan'uwa mata biyu sune Cadwallader Burton Evan, na Millswood, da Mrs. A. W. Pettit, na Kent Town.

Evan ya auri Lilie Nellnell Bagot (2 ga Yuli 1867 - 23 ga Mayu 1956), 'yar ta uku ta Edward Meade Bagot (1822-1886) a ranar 7 ga Oktoba 1891. Suna da 'yar, Mrs. L. Gliddon.

## Manazarta
John W. Roberts

**John Wendell Roberts** (1 ga Janairu, 1921 - 8 ga Janairu), ya kasance Janar na Sojojin Sama na Amurka kuma kwamandan Air Training Command tare da hedkwatar a Randolph Air Force Base, Texas . Yana da digiri na farko na kimiyya daga Jami'ar Jihar Minnesota, Mankato da kuma digiri na biyu daga Jami'an George Washington . Ya kuma kammala karatu a Kwalejin Air Command da Staff da Kwalejin Yakin Kasa.

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta farko
Dan asalin Mankato, Minnesota, ya karbi kwamishinansa da fuka-fukan matukin jirgi ta hanyar shirin cadet na jirgin sama a watan Fabrairun 1944. Ayyukansa na farko ya kasance a matsayin matukin jirgi a Luke Field, Arizona . 

Shekaru biyu bayan haka, an sake sanya shi zuwa reshen mayakan a Jamus. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1949, ya koma aikin matukin jirgi a Makarantar Makamai ta Soja Sama a Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada. A can ya lashe kofin don zira kwallaye na mutum a gasar farko ta Sojojin Sama na Amurka. Daga bisani aka tura shi Koriya inda ya tashi yaƙi a cikin jirgin F-84 Thunderjet da F-86 Sabre. Yayinda yake Koriya, ya yi aiki a matsayin kwamandan jirgin sama da jami'in ayyukan squadron.

### Ayyukansa na baya
A watan Agustan 1958, Roberts ya yi aiki tare da Hedikwatar Sojojin Sama na 12 a Waco, Texas, da farko a matsayin jami'in aiki sannan daga baya a matsayin shugaban Daraktan Kungiyar Yakin. An tura shi hedkwatar rundunar sojin saman Pacific, Hickam Air Force Base, Hawaii, a watan Satumbar 1961. 

Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Kwalejin Yakin Kasa a shekarar 1965, an sanya shi a Pentagon, inda ya kasance mataimakin shugaban Sashen Yakin Musamman, Daraktan Shirye-shiryen da Ayyuka, Hedikwatar Sojojin Sama na Amurka; kuma a watan Oktoba na shekarar 1966 shugaban, Sashen Tsarin, Kungiyar Shirye-harkokin Sadarwa ta Tsaro, a Cibiyar Nazarin Ruwa.

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1967, ya zama mataimakin kwamandan, 4453rd Combat Crew Training Wing, Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona, kuma a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1968, kwamandan 366th Tactical Fighter Wing, Da Nang Air Base, Vietnam. Bayan watanni 10 a Da Nang, ya koma hedkwatar rundunar sojan sama ta bakwai, Tan Son Nhut Air Base, Vietnam, inda ya kasance darektan Cibiyar Kula da Jirgin Sama.

## Kyaututtuka
Kyaututtuka da ya samu a lokacin aikinsa: 

* Medal na Air Force Distinguished Service tare da tarin ganyen oak
* Tauraron Azurfa
* Legion of Merit tare da tarin ganyen oak
* Gicciye mai ban sha'awa tare da tarin ganyen itacen oak
* Medal na Air tare da tarin ganye bakwai na itacen oak
* Umurnin Sword

## Manazarta
Boyne Valley zuwa Lakelands Greenway

**Kwarin Boyne zuwa Lakelands Greenway** hanya ce mai kyau da kuma layin dogo, a Ireland . an kammala hanyar  a sassa daban-daban.  An kammala ta a watan Mayu na 2024, tana haɗa Navan, County Meath zuwa Kingscourt, County Cavan, tare da layin dogo na Navan da Kingscourt da ya lalace. 

## Sassan
Sassan da aka kammala sun haɗa wurin shakatawa na Navan's Blackwater Park zuwa Kilmainhamwood,   ta hanyar Kilberry,  Wilkinstown,  Castletown KP,   da Nobber . 

## Tarihi
Layin reshen da aka gina a kan hanyar kore an ba shi izinin gina shi ne ta kamfanin Navan da Kingscourt Railway Co. a ranar 5 ga Yuli 1865,  kuma zai isa har zuwa Kilmainhamwood a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba 1872. Zai buɗe har zuwa ƙarshensa na ƙarshe a Kingscourt a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba 1875,  amma ana fatan za a iya faɗaɗa layin zuwa arewa. An kafa Kingscourt, Keady da Armagh Railway Co. a cikin 1900 don faɗaɗa layin dogo,  amma an yi watsi da sashin da ke tsakanin Kingscourt da Castleblayney a cikin 1902.  An ba da izinin Midland Great Western Railway (wanda ya sayi layin a 1888) don kammala layin zuwa Castleblayney a ranar 11 ga Agusta 1903,  amma a ƙarshe ba zai taɓa faruwa ba.

Layin zai sami babban tushen zirga-zirgar ababen hawa ne ta hanyar buɗe shinge a shekarar 1939 a Kingscourt don ba da damar jiragen ƙasa su ja Kingscourt Gypsum .  Za a dakatar da hidimar fasinjoji a layin a lokacin hunturu mai zafi na 1947 a ranar 27 ga Janairu kuma ba za a sake buɗe shi ba.  Layin zai daina ganin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa ba tare da gypsum ba a shekarar 1975 kuma a ƙarshe zai rufe a ranar 30 ga Oktoba 2001 bayan yajin aikin direba yayin da gypsum ya koma jigilar kaya a kan hanya . 

## Manazarta
Henry Fry (masanin ilimin ɗan adam)

**Henry Kenneth Fry** DSO (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Mayu 1886 Arewacin Adelaide, Kudancin Australia ) likita ne na Australiya kuma masanin ilimin ɗan adam, kuma Jami'in Kiwon Lafiya na Birnin Adelaide.

## Ilimi
Fry ya halarci Jami'ar Adelaide kuma ya sami BSc 1905, MBBS 1908, MD 1934. 

Fry ya kasance Rhodes Scholar (Balliol) na 1909  Ya sami wani BSc, da difloma a cikin lafiyar jama'a da ilimin ɗan adam, a cikin 1912. 

## Ayyuka
A cikin 1913, Fry ya gaji Herbert Basedow a matsayin babban mai binciken kiwon lafiya na Aborigines, wanda ke zaune a Darwin.

### Yaƙin Duniya na I
A lokacin barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na I a shekara ta 1914, an nada Fry a matsayin kyaftin a cikin Sojojin Kiwon Lafiya na Australiya, Australian Imperial Force, kuma ya yi aiki a Gallipoli. A Faransa a 1916, ya zama mataimakin mataimakin darektan ayyukan kiwon lafiya (D.A.D.M.S.), 2nd Division, kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta Distinguished Service Order  don kula da kwashe wadanda suka ji rauni yayin da suke karkashin harbe-harbe a Pozières da Sausage Valley a watan Yuli-Agusta na wannan shekarar. An ɗaukaka shi zuwa Lieutenant Colonel a 1917, kuma an ba shi umurni na 13th Field Ambulance.

### Ayyukan bayan yaƙi
Fry ya koma Ostiraliya a 1918, inda ya auri Dorothy Editha Deeley tare da bukukuwan Anglican a Cocin Epiphany, Crafers a ranar 21 ga Oktoba 1918. Koyaya, a watan Janairun 1919 ya dawo Faransa a matsayin kwamandan wucin gadi da ADMS, 5th Division. An dakatar da nadin A.I.F. a ranar 26 ga watan Disamba. An ambaci shi sau uku a cikin sakonni.

A cikin 1920, Fry ya kafa wani aiki mai zaman kansa a Eastwood a cikin gidan kansa wanda ya haɗa da tiyata, dakin gwaje-gwaje da ɗaya daga cikin rukunin X-ray na farko a cikin Jiha.[1] Ya fara koyarwa a fannin kiwon lafiya da warkewa a sashen neurology a jami'ar. Ya kuma kasance likitan girmamawa a Asibitin Royal Adelaide kuma baƙo ne na hukuma a asibitar Parkside Mental. A cikin 1923 ya shiga Royal Society of South Australia (wanda daga baya zai zama shugaban a cikin 1939).

A cikin 1926, Fry ya kasance memba ne na kafa kwamitin binciken Anthropological, tare da Draper Campbell,  (Sir) John Cleland,  Frederic Wood Jones, Robert Henry Pulleine,  da Archibald Watson. Ayyukansa na ilimin ɗan adam sun kai shi kan tafiye-tafiye masu yawa na kiwon lafiya, ethnological, da kuma binciken ɗan adam zuwa ƙasashen Aboriginal a Tsakiyar Ostiraliya tsakanin 1929 da 1937. Da farko a cikin 1930 ya buga takardun kimiyya sama da ashirin a kan dangin Aboriginal, ilimin halayyar dan adam da tatsuniyoyi.

Da yake komawa Crafers a 1937, an nada Fry jami'in kiwon lafiya na jama'a na Birnin Adelaide, matsayin da ya kasance na ɗan lokaci. A shekara ta 1939, tare da aiki a matsayin Shugaban Royal Society of South Australia, ya kasance ɗan kafa Kwalejin Likitocin Royal Australasian.

Fry ya mutu a ranar 22 ga Yuli 1959 a Stirling.

## Manazarta
B. Chance Saltzman

**Bradley Chance Saltzman** (an haife shi a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 1969) shi ne Janar na rundunar sararin samaniya ta Amurka wanda shine na biyu kuma shugaban ayyukan sararin samaniya na yanzu. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban ayyukan sararin samaniya don ayyukan, cyber, da nukiliya daga shekarar 2020 zuwa 2022. Shi ne janar janar na farko kuma babban jami'in farko da aka inganta a cikin Space Force.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Saltzman ga Belinda C. Troutman a cikin Daviess County, Kentucky, a cikin shekara ta 1969. Mahaifinsa da kakansa sun kasance a cikin Sojojin Amurka. Ya girma a Bowling Green, Kentucky, yana halartar Makarantar Sakandare ta Bowling Green inda ya buga wasan Tennis.

Saltzman ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Boston a kan tallafin karatu na Sojojin Sama, ta kammala karatu a 1991 tare da digiri na BA a Tarihi. Daga baya ya kammala digiri na Master of Public Administration a Jami'ar Montana a 1994 da kuma digiri na Master na Strategic Management daga Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Jami'ar George Washington a 1998. Ya kuma kammala shirye-shiryen taro a Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill da Harvard Kennedy School.

## Ayyukan soja

### Farkon aikin Sojojin Sama

An ba da izini ga Saltzman a cikin Sojojin Sama na Amurka a ranar 15 ga Mayu 1991, a matsayin mataimakin na biyu ta hanyar shirin Horar da Jami'ar Boston ta Air Force Reserve Officer. Bayan ya sami girmamawa na digiri na musamman daga horar da shirye-shiryen aiki na makami mai linzami a Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, ya rike ma'aikatan makami mai banƙyama da yawa, malami, da kuma matsayi mai kimantawa a Malmstrom Air Force Base. Yayinda aka sanya shi a cikin 341st Missile Wing, ya shiga gasar farko ta Guardian Challenge Space Competition kuma ya jagoranci tawagar zuwa 1995 Blanchard Trophy don mafi kyawun ƙungiyar ayyukan makami mai linzami.

## Manazarta
Robert Gerard

**Robert Geoffrey Gerard** AO (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1945) ɗan kasuwa ne na Australiya. Ya kasance Shugaban kamfanin iyali na Gerard Industries Pty Ltd, kuma memba ne na Bankin Tsaro na Ostiraliya, kuma ya gudu don shugabancin Jam'iyyar Liberal a 1987. An haife shi kuma ya girma a Adelaide, kuma ya halarci Kwalejin Prince Alfred. 

## Taimako
Gerard sanannen mai ba da agaji ne na Kudancin Australia. Shi memba ne na kafa Kungiyar Quarter Club, wanda ke tara sama da $ 250,000 a kowace shekara don 'yan wasan Olympic na Australia, Paralympic da Commonwealth. Robert babban mai goyon bayan Kyautar Duke na Edinburgh ta Duniya - Ostiraliya kuma a cikin 2016 an ba shi lambar yabo ta Gold Distinguished Service Medal. Robert ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan kwamitin kasa da kuma Shugaban SA (2002 - 2012) da kuma Shugaban Abokan Kyautar Duke na Edinburgh daga 1997 - 2001

## Tarihin iyali
Kakan Robert Alfred Gerard ya kafa alamar Clipsal a Adelaide a shekarar 1920. A karkashin kusan shekaru 50 na jagorancin Geoff Gerard (ɗan Alfred da mahaifin Robert), kasuwancin ya sami ci gaba da yawa na masana'antu kuma ya fadada. Robert Gerard ya hau mulki a shekara ta 1976, kuma ya fadada kasuwancin a duk faɗin Ostiraliya da kudu maso gabashin Asiya, da kuma Hong Kong, Indiya, Afirka ta Kudu, Burtaniya da Rasha.

A shekara ta 2003, masana'antun Gerard sun kai 50:50 mallakar dangin Gerard da kuma kamfanin Clipsal Industries Holdings (CIH) na Singapore. Har ila yau, har yanzu yana cikin rikici na shekaru 14 tare da Ofishin Haraji na Australiya (ATO). 

Bukatar kudade don "sake biyan bashin, gina sabbin kasuwanni da barin alamar Clipsal ta girma a duniya", a cikin 2004 dangin Gerard "sun zaɓi sayar da hannun jarinsa ga kamfanin Schneider Electric na Faransa, saboda jirgin ruwa bai yi kama da zaɓi mai kyau ba". Iyalin sun riƙe iko da "wani raƙuman sauran kasuwancin da aka tara a tsawon shekaru".

Simon Gerard ɗan Robert Gerard ne, kuma an nada shi babban jami'in zartarwa na Gerard Lighting a cikin 2010 

## Nuni na kwamitin Bankin Ajiye
A watan Maris na shekara ta 2003, Robert Gerard ya nada shi a cikin Kwamitin Bankin Tsaro ta Tarayya (na jam'iyyar Liberal Party mai mulki a lokacin), Peter Costello.[1] Ya yi murabus a ranar 2 ga Disamba 2005 a cikin tambayoyi game da rikici na shekaru 14 tsakanin kasuwancin iyalinsa, Gerard Industries, da Ofishin Haraji na Australiya.

Kafin nadin Gerard, mai ba da kuɗi ya bukaci Gerard ya gabatar da shaidar cewa ba shi da wata matsala ta haraji. Wasikar da aka samar ta bayyana cewa Gerard ba shi da wata matsala ta haraji. Koyaya, ba ta ambaci batutuwan harajin kasuwanci ba. Wasu, ciki har da mai magana da yawun jam'iyyar adawa ta jam'iyyar Labour Party, Wayne Swan, sun zargi cewa nadin da ya yi a kwamitin ya kasance na siyasa ne, yana mai ambaton gudummawar Mr. Gerard ga jam'iyyar Liberal, musamman gudummawar da ya bayar ga jam'ummar Liberal a Kudancin Australia.

Tun lokacin da Gerard ya yi murabus, gudummawarsa ga jam'iyyar ta daina, ta ba da damar yin kamfen ɗin zabe kawai a Zaben Kudancin Australia na 2006.

## Manazarta
George Fisher (masanin aikin hakar ma'adinai)

**Sir George Read Fisher** (1903 - 13 Yuli 2007) ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan shugabannin hakar ma'adinai na Ostiraliya. A cikin 2019, an shigar da shi cikin Hall of Fame na Shugabannin Kasuwanci na Queensland don nuna godiya ga jagorancinsa na kasuwanci, yana jagorantar nasarar Dutsen Isa Mines da Dutsen Isa ci gaba da ci gaba a matsayin birni.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Fisher a Gladstone, Kudancin Australia a cikin iyalin manoma. Ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Gladstone sannan kuma Kwalejin Prince Alfred a Adelaide. A shekara ta 1925, ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Adelaide tare da digiri na farko na Injiniya (ma'adinai). 

## Ayyukan hakar ma'adinai
Fisher ya fara aikinsa a Broken Hill inda ya tashi da sauri zuwa manajan karkashin kasa sannan kuma janar manajan a Kamfanin Zinc. A can ya koyi magance babbar Majalisar Masana'antu, ya sami nasarar nuna ikon kafa kyakkyawar dangantaka da shugabannin kungiyar. Babban abin da ya samu daga baya shi ne kwarewarsa ta musamman.

Majalisar Ayyuka ta Allied ta taimaka masa a yakin duniya na biyu don ƙirƙirar bututu a cikin tsaunuka na Darwin Harbour don adana kayan man fetur don su kasance lafiya yayin hare-haren bama-bamai na Japan.

Tare da ritaya mai zuwa na shugaban Mount Isa Mines (MIM), Julius Kruttschnitt, Fisher ya shiga MIM, wanda kamfanin Amurka ASARCO ke sarrafawa, a 1952 a matsayin janar manajan, ya zama shugaban a 1953. Abin da ya jawo shi zuwa Dutsen Isa shi ne yiwuwar samun 'yanci daga tsoma baki na kasashen waje da kuma cin gashin kai don gudanar da kamfanin kamar yadda ya ga ya dace. Wannan ya zama babban canji ga MIM da garin Dutsen Isa wanda, a lokuta biyu, za a canza shi a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa.

Ya fara gina gidaje da wurare don jawo hankalin ma'aikata masu ɗorewa kuma ya fara shirin bincike mai girma wanda ya haifar da sabbin ma'adanai masu wadata. A shekara ta 1959 an gina wani matattarar jan ƙarfe a Townsville don sauƙaƙe matattarar ƙarfe da ƙera samfuran jan ƙarfe. Ya kasance mai karfi mai ba da shawara game da Ƙara darajar gida.

A cikin shekarun 1950, Fisher kuma tana da alhakin gina Lake Moondarra, aikin ajiyar ruwa mafi girma a Ostiraliya. Ya samu nasarar tattaunawa tare da Gwamnatin Queensland da Gwamnatin Australiya don sake gina hanyar jirgin kasa ta Mt Isa zuwa Townsville wani babban nasara ne a wannan zamanin.[1]

## Manazarta
Steven A. Schaick

**Steven Alan Schaick** (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Yuni, 1958) babban janar ne mai ritaya a cikin Sojojin Sama na Amurka, kuma ministan Presbyterian, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Jami'in Chaplains na 19 na Sojojin Jirgin Sama na Amurka. A baya ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Chaplains na 25 na Sojojin Sama na Amurka, Hedikwatar Sojojin Sojan Sama na Amurka (Pennago, Washington, DC). A matsayinsa na mataimakin shugaban chaplains, ya kasance memba na ma'aikatan musamman na Babban Ma'aikacin, Schaick yana taimaka wa Shugaban Chaplaines na Sojoji na Amurka wajen kafa jagora kan duk batutuwan da suka shafi addini da halin kirki na ma'aikata na Air Force da kuma suna jagorantarwa da kuma kula da kuma kulawar su daga masu horar da masu aiki, kayan aiki da masu aiki fiye da masu kula da masu kulawar Air Reserve 2,200. A matsayinsa na memba na Kwamitin Chaplains na Sojoji, shi da sauran mambobin suna ba da shawara ga Sakataren Tsaro da Shugabannin Haɗin gwiwa kan damuwa game da addini, ɗabi'a da ingancin rayuwa.

## Manazarta
Benjamin Hall (masanin masana'antu)

**Benjamin Hall** (29 Satumba 1778 - 31 Yuli 1817) ya kasance masanin masana'antu, ɗan siyasa kuma sanannen mutum a Kudancin Wales .

## Tarihi, ilimi da alaƙa
An haifi Benjamin Hall a ranar 29 ga Satumba 1778, ɗan fari na Reverend Benjamin Hall, shugaban Diocese na Llandaff, da Elizabeth Grant .  Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Westminster kuma ya sami tallafin Queens Scholarship don karatu a Christ Church, Oxford a cikin 1794, daga inda ya kammala karatu tare da BA a cikin 1799 da MA a cikin 1801. Ya shiga Lincoln's Inn a shekara ta 1798 kuma an kira shi zuwa mashaya a shekara ta 1801. 

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1801, Hall ta auri Charlotte, 'yar masanin ƙarfe Richard Crawshay, a cikin abin da masanin tarihi P. A. Symonds ya kira "auren da ya dace" - sadakarta ta kai £ 40,000. Surukinsa ya sanya shi abokin tarayya a cikin Cyfarthfa Ironworks a cikin 1803 kuma a cikin 1808 ya ba shi dukiyar Abercarn. Wannan karimci ya biyo baya a cikin 1810 tare da gado daga surukinsa na kashi 37.5 cikin dari a cikin aikin ƙarfe, wanda ya rufe ƙasa da gidaje da yawa da kuma ma'adinai da aikin dutse.

## Dan majalisa
Hall shine masanin masana'antu na farko da ya lashe kujerar gundumar Welsh a majalisar. Ya yi aiki a matsayin dan majalisa na Totnes a Devon daga 1806 zuwa 1812 kuma, bayan ya rasa wannan kujerar, ga Westbury a Wiltshire daga 1812. A shekara ta 1814, ya sauya kujerarsa zuwa Glamorganshire, Wales har zuwa mutuwarsa. Ya ƙare hulɗarsa da Lincoln's Inn a cikin 1816.

## Iyalin da magaji
Hall ya mutu a ranar 31 ga Yuli 1817 kuma an gina wani abin tunawa a cikin ƙwaƙwalwarsa a Llandaff Cathedral a cikin mazabarsa ta Glamorganshire .  Ya sayi Hensol Castle don £ 45,500 a cikin 1815 don cika alkawarin zabe cewa zai mallaki zama a Glamorgan, wasu mutane sun ba da shawarar cewa amincin kansa ya kasance tare da bukatun kasuwanci a makwabciyar Monmouthshire. Bayan shekara guda, ya sayar da rabonsa a cikin aikin ƙarfe ga surukinsa, William Crawshay, don £ 90,000.

Hall da matarsa suna da 'ya'ya maza shida da mace. Ɗansa na fari, Benjamin Hall, 1st Baron Llanover, mai gyara zamantakewa kuma ɗan siyasa wanda a matsayin Kwamishinan Ayyuka na farko, ya kula da matakin ƙarshe na gina Fadar Westminster, tare da "Big Ben", ƙararrawa mafi girma a cikin hasumiyar agogo, saboda haka ana kiransa da sunansa. An kira Benjamin Hall babba "Slender Ben" saboda gininsa.

## Manazarta
Michael E. Ryan

**Michael Edward Ryan**  (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta 1941) shi ne Janar na Sojojin Sama na Amurka (USAF) da ya yi ritaya kuma shi ne shugaban ma'aikatan Sojojin Jirgin Sama na Amurka na 16 daga Oktoba 1997 zuwa Satumba 2001. Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban jami'in USAF wanda ke da alhakin shirya, horo da kayan aiki na aiki, tsaro, Ajiyewa da sojojin farar hula da ke aiki a Amurka da kasashen waje. A matsayinsa na memba na Shugabannin Hafsoshin, shi da sauran shugabannin ma'aikata sun yi aiki a matsayin masu ba da shawara ga Sakataren Tsaro, Majalisar Tsaro ta Kasa da Shugaban kasa.

## Ayyukan soja

An haife shi a San Antonio, Texas a shekara ta 1941,  Ryan ya shiga rundunar sojin saman Amurka bayan kammala karatunsa daga Kwalejin Sojan Sama ta Amurka a shekara ta 1965;  ya kammala karatu a makarantar sakandare ta Omaha Creighton Prep. Mahaifin Ryan, Janar John Dale Ryan, shi ne shugaban ma'aikatan rundunar sojin saman Amurka na 7, daga 1969 zuwa 1973.

Ya tashi yaƙi a Kudu maso gabashin Asiya, ciki har da 100 a kan Arewacin Vietnam a cikin F-4 Phantom II, a matsayin wani ɓangare na 13th Tactical Fighter Squadron da ke Udorn Royal Thai Air Force Base a Thailand daga Oktoba 1967 zuwa Agusta 1968. Ya shiga makarantar Squadron Officer School a shekarar 1969 da kuma Fighter Weapons Instructor Course a makarantar USAF Fighter Weams a shekarar 1970. Daga 1971 zuwa 1973, Ryan ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in musayar tare da Royal Australian Air Force da ke tashi da Mirage III. Ya halarci Kwalejin Air Command da Staff kuma ya sami MBA daga Jami'ar Auburn a shekarar 1976. Ryan ya tafi Kwalejin Yakin Kasa a shekarar 1984. A cikin shekara ta 1988, Ryan ya shiga cikin Shirin Tsaro na Kasa a Makarantar Gwamnati ta John F. Kennedy a Jami'ar Harvard. 

## Manazarta
Kalligraphy Greenway

**Rubutun Kalmomi Greenway** ( Chinese    ) wani wurin shakatawa ne mai layi wanda ke cikin Gundumar Yamma, Taichung, Taiwan . Sunan an fi amfani da shi ga ɓangaren da aka sani da Jingguo Greenway, wanda ya haɗa Gidan Tarihi na Kimiyyar Halitta na Ƙasa da Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Taiwan na Ƙasa,   kodayake shirye-shiryen da suka gabata sun haɗa da **Lambun Fasaha**, wanda ya miƙe kudu daga Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Ƙasa zuwa Kogin Liu.   Tsawon sassan biyu da aka haɗa shine 3.6&nbsp;km. 

## Asalin Ma'anar
Sunan da aka yi amfani da shi wajen rubuta "Calligraphy Greenway" na ƙasar Sin ya samo asali ne daga rubutun lanƙwasa na ƙasar Sin ( Chinese    ), wanda ke jaddada salon magana da fasaha fiye da iya karantawa. An zaɓi sunan ne don ya zana daidai da yadda wurin shakatawa ke yin macizai ta cikin unguwannin birni masu cike da jama'a da kuma na ban mamaki, kamar an rubuta shi ta hanyar rubutun hannu. 

## Bayani

### Jingguo Greenway

Jingguo Greenway ( Chinese    ) ya fara ne a gefen kudu na Gidan Tarihi na Kimiyyar Halitta na Ƙasa . Sashen da ke tsakanin gidan tarihi da Babbar Hanya ta Lardi ta 12 wani gini ne da aka sani da "Hanyar Juyin Halitta" (生命演化步道). Hanyar ta fara ne da wani marmaro na ruwa a gefen gidan tarihi tare da ruwa yana gudana a kan hanyar kore. Zane-zanen bango a kan hanyar suna nuna halittu daban-daban da ke cikin jadawalin juyin halitta na Duniya . 

A ɗayan gefen babbar hanyar, hanyar kore ta wuce National Hotel and Park Lane ta CMP (cibiyar siyayya) kafin ta isa wani babban wurin shakatawa da aka sani da Civic Square ( Chinese    ). Kamfanin injiniya na Amurka AECOM ne ya tsara hanyar kore da wurin shakatawa kuma yana da manyan sassaka na dutse da nunin zane-zane.   Wannan sashe wuri ne mai shahara don yin wasan kwaikwayo a kan tituna,  kuma Civic Square yana karbar bakuncin bikin Jazz na Taichung na shekara-shekara a watan Oktoba.   Kai tsaye gabas da Civic Square akwai Caowu Square ( Chinese    ), wani fili na jama'a a ƙasan ƙasa tare da hayar kekuna da filin ajiye motoci.  Ana kuma amfani da wurin don nunin yanayi.    Hasumiyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Shr-Hwa, ginin Taichung mafi tsayi, yana arewa da Caowu Square.  Calligraphy Greenway yana ci gaba da kudu har sai ya kai ga gefen arewa na Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Taiwan na Ƙasa .

### Lambun Fasaha
Lambun Fasaha ( Chinese    ) yana farawa ne daga gefen kudu na Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Taiwan na Ƙasa har sai da ya isa Kogin Liu. Kamar sauran wuraren Calligraphy Greenway, wannan ɓangaren kuma yana da manyan wuraren nunin fasaha na jama'a. Gefen wurin shakatawa na layi suna da gidajen cin abinci.  

An tsara Lambun Fasaha tare da Jingguo Greenway kuma an tsara su biyun da farko don a kira su "Calligraphy Greenway".  Duk da haka, a cikin amfani da kalmomi, Calligraphy Greenway ta ƙare a gidan kayan tarihi na fasaha kuma ana ɗaukar Lambun Fasaha a matsayin wurin shakatawa na musamman.

## Manazarta
Samuel Homfray

**Samuel Homfray** (1762 - 22 Mayu 1822) ya kasance masanin masana'antu na Ingila a lokacin Juyin Juya Halin Masana'antu a Biritaniya, wanda ke da alaƙa da Masana'antar ƙarfe ta farko a Kudancin Wales .

Sama'ila ɗan wani masanin ƙarfe ne mai cin nasara, Francis Homfray, kuma ɗan'uwan Irmiya, Thomas, Jeston, da Francis. Tare da 'yan uwansa Irmiya da Thomas, ya karɓi hayar kamfanin Anthony Bacon a Cyfarthfa, kafin su fara aikin Penydarren Ironworks a cikin shekarun 1780. A shekara ta 1784, bayan shari'ar kotu  sun sauya hayar ginin daga Anthony Bacon (wanda suka yi jayayya da shi), wanda ya sake ba da shi ga David Tanner, kuma ya koma inda suka kafa ayyukan a bakin Kogin Morlais, gina Gidan Penydarren a gefen kogin. Bayan shekaru masu tsananin gasa tare da Dowlais da Cyfarthfa, sun fara bunƙasa. Sama'ila ya zama mai mallakar ayyukan Penydarren, yayin da Irmiya ya koma Ebbw Vale.

Samuel na ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gabatar da tashar Glamorgan, wanda aka buɗe a cikin 1795 kuma ya kai £ 103,000, wanda ya yi rajista da £ 40,000 kuma wanda ya ba da damar jigilar ƙarfe mai nauyi zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Cardiff. A cikin 1804, Samuel ya lashe kyautar guineas 1000 tare da Richard Crawshay game da wanda daga cikinsu zai iya fara gina motar tururi don amfani da su a cikin ayyukansu. Homfray ya yi amfani da Richard Trevithick don wannan dalili kuma locomotive dinsa ya lashe fare, yana jan motoci biyar, dauke da tan goma na baƙin ƙarfe da mutane saba'in, a saurin mil biyar a awa daya.

A cikin 1800, Samuel ya auri Jane Morgan, 'yar Sir Charles Gould Morgan, 1st Baronet of Tredegar House, kuma ta haka ne ya sami hayar ƙasa mai ma'adinai a Tredegar, inda ya kafa Tredegar Ironworks. 

A shekara ta 1813, an nada shi Babban Sheriff na Monmouthshire kuma a shekara ta 1818, ya dawo a matsayin memba na majalisar dokokin yankin Stafford.

Ya mutu a ranar 22 ga Mayu 1822, yana da shekaru 59 ko 60, a London kuma an binne shi a Bassaleg" id="mwLg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Church of St Basil, Bassaleg">Cocin St Basil a Bassaleg, Newport . 

## Iyali
'Ya'yan Samuel da Jane Homfray:

* 'Ya'ya maza biyu: Watkin Homfray (1796-1837) da Samuel Homfray ƙarami (7 Disamba 1795 - 16 Nuwamba 1883), sun shiga kasuwancin ƙarfe. Samuel the younger ya kasance babban sheriff na Monmouthshire a 1841 kuma alderman na Newport (kuma magajin gari, 1854-55) 
* Tsohon Yarinya: Amelia ta auri mai haɗin gwiwa na kamfanin William Thompson (1793-1854) 
* Ƙaramar Yarinya: Maryamu, ta auri George Darby, memba na Majalisar Dokoki na Gabashin Sussex, kuma tana da iyali na 'ya'ya maza huɗu da mata takwas 

## Manazarta
A. E. Hamilton

**Albert Edwin "Bert" Hamilton** (1873-1962) ya kasance mai lissafin jama'a na Kudancin Australia wanda ke da muhimmiyar hannu tare da manyan cibiyoyi da yawa.

## Tarihi

Hamilton shi ne ƙaramin ɗan makiyaya William Hamilton (1830 - 16 Yuni 1911) da Annie Hamilton (c. 1839 - 5 Agusta 1903) na "Strathearn" East Terrace, Adelaide.  Ya kasance abokin tarayya tare da George Wilcox a Koonamore Station, kuma tare da Samuel Mills a Lake Everard, Chandada, Beetaloo, Teetulpa da tashoshin Yackara.

Hamilton ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Prince Alfred, ɗalibi ne mai cin kofin kyauta kuma ɗan wasa a shekara ta 1882-1889. Ya yi karatun ajiyar ulu da kiwon tumaki a Makarantar Ma'adinai da Masana'antu, Adelaide . A lokacin Babban Yakin, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai biyan kuɗi, kuma a watan Satumbar 1917 an inganta shi zuwa babban kwamandan Sojojin Biya na Australiya, Gundumar Soja ta 4.

### Fastoci
Ya gaji matsayin mahaifinsa a kamfanin Hamilton & Wilcox, Ltd, manajojin tashar tumaki ta Koonamore kusa da Waukaringa, Kudancin Australia. An rufe kamfanin da son rai a watan Satumbar 1928. An nada Hamilton da Sidney Wilcox a matsayin masu kashewa.

Ya kasance memba na Royal Agricultural and Horticultural Society council daga 1905 kuma shugaban kwamitin fastoci a 1908. An nada shi wakilin kwamitin fastoci a majalisar zartarwa a shekara ta 1914 kuma memba na kwamitin kudi a shekara ta 1915. Ya kasance mataimakin shugaban kasa daga 1923-1925, kuma shugaban kwamitin baje kolin 1927-1928. 

Ya kasance memba na Kungiyar Stockowners ta Kudancin Australia daga 1917 zuwa 1948, mataimakin shugaban kasa da kuma mai ba da kuɗi sannan shugaban 1923-1925.

### Motar
A shekara ta 1915 an nada shi shugaban daraktocin kamfanin Cheney Motor Company Limited, masu rarraba motocin Dodge Brothers na Adelaide. A shekara ta 1916 ya bi S.A. Cheney (wanda ya kafa) da T. E. L. Moncrieff (manajan) a cikin motar Dodge zuwa Melbourne.[undefined] Kamfanin, wanda aka sake masa suna Waymouth Motor Company a 1922, ya riƙe ikon mallakar a 1932 lokacin da kamfanin Chrysler, wanda kuma ya sanya motocin Plymouth da De Soto, ya karɓi Dodge.[1] Har yanzu ya kasance shugaban a 1954 lokacin da Chrysler Australia Ltd. ya fara yin motoci a Kudancin Australia.[2]

Ya kasance a watan Satumbar 1923 darektan tushe na Kamfanin Kudi na Motar, Limited.

## Manazarta