Johan Wilhelm Colenbrander

**Johan Wilhelm Colenbrander** CB (1 ga Nuwamba 1855 - 10 ga Fabrairu 1918) ya kasance soja ne da aka haifa a Natal kuma jami'in mulkin mallaka a Kudancin Afirka . Colenbrander ya yi aiki tare da 'Yan sanda na Natal da Stanger Mounted Rifles, yana ganin aiki a cikin Yakin Anglo-Zulu na 1879. A lokacin yakin Colenbrander ya tattauna game da mika wuya ga Zulu Inkosi (shugaban) Zibhebhu kaMaphitha kuma daga baya ya yi aiki a gare shi a matsayin sakatare da kuma mai bindiga. Ya yi yaƙi don Zibhebhu a lokacin Yaƙin basasar Zulu na Uku na 1883-1884 amma ya rasa duk kayan kasuwancinsa da shanu lokacin da aka ci Zibhebho.

Colenbrander ya yi aiki a matsayin dan kasuwa a Swaziland na wani lokaci kafin ya koma Mashonaland a shekara ta 1889, inda ya yi aiki tare da Kamfanin Afirka ta Kudu na Burtaniya (BSAC). Ya sami amincewar Ndebele Sarki Lobengula amma ya yi aiki a kansa don kafa Yaƙin Matabele na farko na 1893-1894, don amfanin BSAC. Bayan yakin an nada shi shugaban kwamishinan ƙasa wanda ya kulle Ndebele zuwa wani yanki na ƙasa da ya fi karami fiye da yankin da suka gabata. Colenbrander ya jagoranci ƙungiyar mercenary da ke yaƙi don BSAC a cikin Yaƙin Matabele na Biyu na 1896. Ya tada wani sashi wanda ya yi aiki a karkashin umurnin Burtaniya a cikin 1899-1902 Yaƙin Boer na Biyu tare da Colenbrander yana jagorantar wani shafi a kan Boer Commando na Christiaan Frederik Beyers . Colenbrander ya mutu a shekara ta 1918 yayin yin fim game da Yakin Zulu .

## Rayuwa ta farko
Tarihin Kasa na Rhodesia da kuma wallafe-wallafen Jami'ar Natal sun ba da ranar haihuwar Colenbrander a matsayin 1 ga Nuwamba 1855, kodayake wasu tushe sun ba da shekara a matsayin 1856 ko 1857. An haife shi a Pinetown a cikin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya na Natal, ɗan na huɗu na iyayen da aka haifa a Holland Theodorus Christiaan Colenbrander da Geraldine Nicolene van Groll .  Iyayen Colenbrander sun yi hijira daga Java a cikin Dutch East Indies zuwa Natal a cikin 1854 bayan gonar su ta kasa. Sun kafa gonar indigo a Pine Town kuma a cikin 1857 sun kafa wani gonar kofi kusa da Unhlali, wanda ya girma cikin ƙauyen New Guelderland.   Colenbrander ya girma ne a New Guelderland, wanda wata ma'aikaciyar jinya ta Zulu ta kula da shi wanda ya zama mai iya yaren Zulu. A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa ya zama sananne a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun masu harbi da mahayan dawakai a Kudancin Afirka.  

## Zululand

Colenbrander ya shiga rundunar Yan sanda na Natal, rundunar' yan sanda ta mulkin mallaka, a cikin 1870.  Lokacin da aka kafa Stanger Mounted Rifles, ƙungiyar soja ta mulkin mallaka, a cikin 1875 ya koma wannan rukunin. A lokacin yakin Anglo-Zulu na 1879 ya ga aiki a Yaƙin Inyezane na 22 ga Janairu da kuma Yaƙin Gingindlovu na 2 ga Afrilu. A yakin karshe ya sadu da John Robert Dunn, wani mazaunin Burtaniya a Zululand wanda Cetshwayo, sarkin Zulu ya sanya shi shugaban.

Colenbrander ya zama sakataren Dunn a cikin matakan da suka biyo baya na yakin kuma ya tattauna game da mika wuya ga Zulu Inkosi (babban) Zibhebhu kaMaphitha .  Colenbrander ya sami amincewar Zibhebhu kuma ya kasance tare da shi a Zululand a matsayin sakatare, dan kasuwa da kuma mai bindiga. A shekara ta 1911 ya ba da labarin ga wakilin *Washington Post* wani asusun da ya yi wa Zibhebhu a cikin kayar da wani hari daga wani shugaban Zulu makwabta a shekara ta 1879. Colenbrander ya ce ya jagoranci rundunar 17 da ke kan doki, wanda ya horar da kansa, a kan rundunar mayaƙa 300. Ya bayyana cewa ya kashe Zulu 17 a wannan rana kuma yayin da yake shi kaɗai yana hawa waɗanda suka tsira ya kai hari da jarumi ɗaya. An buge shi a kai da gatari na yaki kuma, ya fadi daga doki, ya karya bindigarsa. Colenbrander ya ce ya sake samun wani rauni a hannunsa yayin da yake kula da wani matsin lamba kuma an sake buga shi sau uku ko hudu a kansa, ya bar makamin a cikin kwanyar sa. Daga nan sai ya buge Zulu da tsintsiya a kan takalminsa, ya kawo shi ƙasa, kuma ya saki assegai wanda ya yi amfani da shi don soke jarumin. Colenbrander ya yi ƙoƙari ya hau doki lokacin da Zulu, wanda ya tsira, ya tsallake zuwa aikinsa kuma ya buge Colenbrandre a bayan kansa yayin da ya nutse daga doki. Da yake fada tare a ƙasa Colenbrander ya ce ya sami damar amfani da takobi mai laushi don kashe Zulu. Ya kula da raunukan tare da disinfectant daga shagonsa kuma ya ce bayan kwana takwas ya sake aiki a kan wani hari. Gasar ta bar shi da dogon ciwo mai inci 7 (180  a haikalinsa na hagu da kumatu. Colenbrander ya ba da irin wannan labarin ga wani matashi Bertram Mitford a farkon 1882 yayin da yake tafiya tare da janar na Sojojin Burtaniya na gaba a Zululand. Colenbrander ya ɗauki Mitford don saduwa da Dunn kuma ya nuna masa fagen yaƙi na Gingindlovu da wasu sansanonin Burtaniya da aka watsar. Mitford ya rubuta game da abubuwan da ya samu a cikin littafin 1883 Through the Zulu Country . 

Tare da Dunn a watan Yulin 1882 ya taimaka wajen murkushe tawaye ta Sitimela. Sitimela ya yi iƙirarin cewa shi jikan Dingiswayo ne kuma ya yi niyyar sake kafa Mthethwa Paramountcy a yankin Zulu.[undefined][1] Wani rahoto na zamani a cikin London Daily News ya yi iƙirarin cewa Colenbrander ya yi farin ciki da harbe magoya bayan Sitimela, gami da mata da yawa, kuma bai cancanci taka rawa a cikin mulkin Zululand ba.[2] A shekara ta 1883 Colenbrander ya auri Maria "Mollie" Mullins na Verulam . [3] Mullins ta kasance mai iya hawa doki, harbi daidai da bindiga kuma tana da ƙwarewa a cikin Zulu; ta bi Colenbrander a yawancin tafiye-tafiyen iyakarsa.[4][5]

## Manazarta