open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Kwalejin Nutata

**Kwalejin Nutana** wata makarantar sakandare ce da ke unguwar Nutana a tsakiyar Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, tana hidimar ɗalibai daga maki 9 zuwa 12. Nutana ita ce babbar makarantar sakandare ta jama'a ta farko a Saskatoon kuma tana cikin Sashen Makarantun Jama'a na Saskatoon. Makarantar tana da tarin tarin fasahar Kanada na farko.

## Tarihi
An kafa Nutana Collegiate a matsayin Cibiyar Kwalejin Kwalejin Saskatoon a cikin 1909. Amfani da "kwalejin" a cikin sunan makarantar yana nuna ainihin tsarin karatun makarantar da kuma rawar da aka yi niyya a matsayin makarantar share fage ga ɗaliban da ke tsammanin shiga jami'a kuma su shiga ƙwararrun sana'a.

Makarantar tana kan wani yanki na filin shakatawa na birni wanda aka sani da Louise Grounds.

Yankin gabashin wannan ƙasa yana mamaye wuraren wasannin makarantar kuma yanzu ana kiransa da Babban Darcy Bear Park.

Regina architects Storey & Van Egmond ne suka tsara ginin salon Renaissance na Faransanci na gargajiya. Makarantar ta ba da wurin taron jama'a na farko a Saskatoon kuma a lokacin farkon shekarunta ya ba da sarari don Makarantar Al'ada ta Saskatoon. A lokacin 1910-12 Jami'ar Saskatchewan ta gudanar da azuzuwan yayin gina nata harabar. Har ila yau makarantar ta kasance gida ga gidan wasan kwaikwayo na jama'a na farko na Saskatoon.

Tsakanin 2009 da 2012 makarantar ta yi gyare-gyaren dala miliyan 14 wanda ya haɗa da gyare-gyare na gine-gine na gabaɗaya, sabbin tagogi, da gyaran ajujuwa da ɗakin taro. A cikin 2013 aikin ya sami lambar yabo ta Architectural Heritage Award wanda Laftanar Gwamnan Saskatchewan ya gabatar.

## Ilimin Motsa Jiki
Nutana yana ba da shirye-shiryen ilimin motsa jiki a cikin manyan nau'i biyu:

Azuzuwan lafiya (ilimin jiki) suna ba da ayyuka iri-iri da suka haɗa da harbin bindiga, ƙwallon kwando, wasannin raket, ƙetare-ƙasa, jinkirin filin wasa, iyo, wasan tennis, ƙwallon ƙafa, horar da nauyi.

Azuzuwan Ilimin Jiki na Musamman suna ba da harbin harbi, badminton, billiards, bowling, kwale-kwale, nadi, motsa jiki, wasannin kankara, wasanni na cikin gida da waje, kai-da-kai, ƙetare ƙasa, jinkirin filin wasa, iyo, wasan tennis, da hawan bango.

## Manazarta
John Huggins (mai horar da tseren doki)

**John Huggins** (Fabrairu 25, 1848 - Mayu 8, 1917) mallakin Ba'amurke ne kuma mai horarwa a tseren Thoroughbred New York Times wanda ake kira daya daga cikin masu horarwa masu nasara a Amurka. Dan asalin Texas, a cikin 1886 ya ci nasarar tseren tseren Preakness na Amurka tare da Bard. Ya kuma samu gagarumar nasara a tseren tsere a Ingila inda ya lashe Gasar Classic na Birtaniyya guda biyu. Na farko ya zo tare da Sibola a cikin 1899 1000 Guineas Stakes kuma na biyu tare da Volodyovski a cikin Epsom Derby na 1901, shekarar da ya kasance Kocin Gasar Burtaniya. Nasarar da ya yi na Epsom Derby ita ce ta farko da wani mai horar da Ba’amurke ya yi kuma ana tunawa da shi a cikin Alamar Tarihi a gaban babban zauren garin Huggins na garin Fulshear, Texas.

John Huggins ya mutu a shekara ta 1917 a gidansa da ke Fulshear yana da shekaru 69. An shigar da shi a cikin makabartar Fulshear. A cikin 1979, an saka sunan sabuwar makarantar Elementary ta Huggins a lamba 1 Huggins Dr. a Fulshear, Texas don girmama shi.

## Manazarta
Holt Samuel Hallett

**Holt Samuel Hallett** (1841 - 11 ga watan Nuwamban 1911) ya kasance babban injiniyan jirgin kasa a kasar Burtaniya a Burma.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Holt Samuel Hallett, an haife shi a  shekara ta 1841, ɗan Perham Hallett ne na Lincoln's Inn, kuma ya yi karatu a makarantar Charterhouse da Kensington. Ya yi magana da William Baker, Babban Injiniya na kasar London da North Western Railways . 

## Ayyuka
Bayan kammala karatunsa, Hallett ya taimaka wajen gina titin jirgin kasa a Lancashire da Cheshire.

A shekara ta 1868, ya shiga Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a ta kasar Indiya kuma an tura shi Burma inda ya yi aiki na gina titin girgin kasa daga Rangoon zuwa Prome . Layin mafi tsufa na lardin, yana da nisan mil 161 kuma an kammala shi a shekara ta 1877. Unknown (January 1912). "OBITUARY. HOLT SAMUEL HALLETT, DIED 1911". *Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers*. **187** (1912): 324–325. doi:. ISSN&nbsp;1753-7843.

## Manazarta
Guy Rutledge

**Sir John Guy Rutledge**, KC (18 ga watan Maris shekara ta 1872 - 15 ga watan Fabrairu, 1930 a Rangoon, Burma) ya kasance babban  lauyan kasar  Burtaniya kuma alƙali na mulkin mallaka kuma jami'i a Lower Burma.

## Rayuwar farko da Karatu
An haife shi a Aughnahoo, County Tyrone, Rutledge ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Queens Galway, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai binciken kwalejin Literary and Debating Society a shekara ta 1893 zuwa shekara ta 1894. An ba shi digiri na BA na Royal University of Ireland a shekara ta 1893, kuma ya ɗauki MA a shekara ta 1894.

Ya kasance a QCG don nazarin doka, ya sami tallafin karatu a fannin shari'a a shekara ta 1894 zuwa shekara ta 1895 da 1895-1896, da kuma babban nune-nunen shari'a na shekara ta 1896-1897. Rutledge ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Landan, kuma Inner Temple ta kira shi zuwa kotun a shekara ta 1897. Ya yi aiki a cikin ɗakunan Mista Justice Horridge na shekara ta 1897-8, bayan haka ya shiga Arewacin Yankin kuma ya yi aiki a Liverpool daga shekara ta 1898 zuwa 1908.

## Manazarta
James Howard Williams

**James Howard Williams**, wanda aka fi sani da Elephant Bill (15 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1897 zuwa  30 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1958), sojan kasar Burtaniya ne kuma gwani ne a Burma, wanda aka sani da aikinsa tare da Sojoji na goma sha huɗu a lokacin Yakin Burma na Yaƙin Duniya na II, da kuma littafinsa a shekara ta 1950 Elephant Bill . An sanya shi Lieutenant-Colonel, wanda aka ambata a cikin aikawa sau uku, kuma an ba shi kyautar OBE a shekarar ta  1945.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Williams a St Just, Cornwall, ɗan injiniyan hakar ma'adinai na Cornish wanda ya dawo daga kasar Afirka ta Kudu da matarsa, mace ta Welsh. Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Sarauniya, Taunton .  Kamar ɗan'uwansa ya yi karatu a Makarantar Ma'adinai ta Camborne kuma ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin jami'in Devonshire Regiment na Sojojin kasar Burtaniya a Gabas ta Tsakiya a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na farko da Afghanistan, 1919-20. A wannan lokacin ya yi aiki tare da Kamel Corps kuma a matsayin jami'in sufuri wanda ke kula da alfadarai. Bayan ya yi ritaya ya yanke shawarar shiga Kamfanin Kasuwancin Bombay-Burmah a matsayin mai kula da gandun daji yana aiki tare da giwaye don cire katako.
Muhammad Anwar Khan

**Raja Muhammad Anwar Khan**  shi ne Jami'in Sojojin  na farko kuma kuma ya ka sance babban injiniya a kasar Pakistan kuma shine Injiniya na farko a matsayin Babban Jami'in Sojojin Afghanistan. Shi ne Musulmi na farko da ya zama jami'in Sapper a cikin Sojojin kasar  Indiya da kasar Burtaniya da kuma Injiniyoyin Indiya da suka riga sun raba. Lambar Sojojinsa ta kasar Pakistan ta kasance 48 (PA-48).

## Ƙabilar
Maj. Janar M. Anwar Khan na dangin Punjabi Minhas Rajput ne daga Chakwal . Ƙabilar Mair Minhas tana da dogon al'adar yaƙi na yin aiki a cikin sojojin kasar Burtaniya da kasar Pakistan.

## Tarihin Soja
Maj. Janar Muhammad Anwar Khan ya fito ne daga dangin 'yan'uwa maza 9 da mata 4, daga cikinsu an zabi' yan'uwa maza 6 a matsayin jami'ai a cikin Sojojin Burtaniya kasar (Akbar, Iftikhar, Zafar, Yousaf, Afzal da Anwar). 'Yan'uwa uku sun tashi zuwa matsayin Manjo Janar kuma uku zuwa matsayin Brigadier. 'Yan'uwa uku sun zaɓi aikin farar hula (Baqir, Tahir da Masud).
Tariq Majid

**Tariq Majid** an haife shi a ranar 23 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1950) babban janar ne wadda yayi ritaya  mai star hudu a cikin Sojojin kasar Pakistan wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban 13 na Kwamitin Haɗin gwiwar Shugabannin Ma'aikata daga shekara ta alif dubu biyu da a shirin da bakwai 2007 zuwa shekara ta alif dubu biyu da goma 2010, babban kuma babban mai ba da shawara a soja a cikin Sojan kasar Pakistan. 

Kafin wannan ci gaba, shi ne kwamandan aiki na X Corps, wanda aka ajiye a Rawalpindi. Sauran ayyukansa na kwamandan ma'aikata sun hada da Babban Janar (CGS) a shekara ta alif dubu biyu da da ukku 2003 zuwa shekara ta alif dubu biyu da shidda 2006 da kuma Darakta Janar na Lantarki na Sojoji (DGMI) a shekara ta alif dubu biyu 2000 zuwa shekara ta alif dubu biyu da ukku 2003, duk manyan ma'aikatan Sojojin kasar Pakistan. Wani babban jami'in mai suna janar Khalid Shameem Wynne ne ya gaje shi a man matsayin shugaban hadin gwiwa.

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Tarihin Sa
An haifi Tariq Majid a ranar 23 ga watan Agusta shekara ta 1950 a Lahore, Pakistan)" .Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Gwamnatin Islamia, Civil Lines, Lahore da Kwalejin Jiha, Lahore . Tariq Majid ya shiga Kwalejin Sojan kasar Pakistan a Kakul, a shekarar 1967.  Ya kammala karatu tare da Digiri na farko daga PMA a shekara ta 1971 kuma ya ba da izini a cikin kasar Sojojin Pakistan a matsayin Lieutenant na 2 a cikin 28th Light anti-tank weapon Battalion na Baloch Regiment na Sojojin kasar Pakistán a watan Afrilun shekara ta 1971. Bayan ya shiga cikin Yaƙin a shekara ta 1971, Majid ya ci gaba da samun masanin kimiyya a yakin hadin gwiwa daga Kwalejin Kwamandan da Ma'aikata a Quetta a shekarar ta 1982.
Donovan Leon

**Donovan Leon** (an haife shi 3 Nuwamba, shekara ta 1992) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Guiya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida a ƙungiyar Ligue 1 Auxerre.

## Aiki
León ya fara wasansa na ƙwararru tare da Auxerre a ranar 6 ga Agusta 2011 a cikin rashin nasara da ci 3–1 a Montpellier. A cikin Yuni 2020, Léon ya koma Auxerre bayan shekaru biyar tare da Brest, ya rattaba hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku. Ya koma kan kyauta bayan kwantiraginsa da Brest ya kare.

## Manazarta
Sahabzada Yaqub Khan

**Sahabzada Mohammad Yaqub Ali Khan**  23 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 1920 - 26 ga watan Janairu shekara ta da alif dubu biyu da sha shidda 2016)  ya kasance babban ɗan siyasan kasar Pakistan, diflomasiyya, soja, masanin harshe, kuma janar ne mai ritaya a cikin Sojojin kasar Pakistan.  

Bayan raba kasar Indiya a shekara ta 1947, ya zaɓi kasar Pakistan kuma ya shiga aiki Sojo a kasar Pakistan inda ya shiga yakin Indo-Pakistan a shekara ta 1965. Ya kasance kwamandan rundunar sojin Gabas a Gabashin kasar Pakistan. An nada shi a matsayin gwamnan Gabashin kasar Pakistan a shekarar 1969 zuwa shekara ta 1971 amma ya dawo kasar Pakistan bayan ya gabatar da murabus dinsa a cikin tashin hankali. A shekara ta 1973, ya shiga aikin kasashen waje kuma an nada shi a matsayin Jakadan kasar Pakistan a kasar Amurka kuma daga baya ya hau matsayin ministan harkokin waje, yana aiki a karkashin Shugaba Zia-ul-Haq a shekarar 1982.

A matsayin sa na ministan harkokin waje ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Soviet an Afghanistan a shekarar ta (1979 zuwa 89) kuma ya shiga cikin tattaunawar kawo karshen Contras a Nicaragua shekara tav(1981 zuwa 87) a madadin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. A cikin shekarun 1990s, ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Yammacin Sahara har sai an sake nada shi a matsayin ministan harkokin waje a karkashin Firayim Minista Benazir Bhutto . Bayan ya yi ritaya daga ayyukan diflomasiyya a shekarar 1997, ya shafe sauran shekarunsa an Islamabad kuma ya mutu a Islama Bad a shekarar ta alif dubu biyu da goma sha shidda 2016.

An haifi Mohammad Yaqub Ali Khan a cikin manyan mutanen kasar Indiya a cikin reshen Rohilla na dangin Pashtun na Kheshgi a Rampur, lardunan United, Daular Indiya ta kasar Burtaniya a ranar 23 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 1920.  Ya kuma kasance dangi na kusa da dangin Nawabs na Kasur, na Punjab. Mahaifinsa, Sir Abdus Samad Khan ya kasance dan majalisa kuma ɗan siyasa wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban ministan Rampur, kuma a matsayin wakilin kasar  Indiya da kasar Burtaniya a cikin League of Nations .
Shahid Karimullah

**Shahid Karimullah** ya mutu a ranar 14 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1948) shi ne admiral mai ritaya na Sojan Ruwa na kasar Pakistan wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban sojan Ruwa karo na 16 a shekara ta alif dubu biyu da a shirin da biyu 2002 har zuwa shekara ta alif dubu biyu da biyar 2005.

Daga baya ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Jakadan kasar Pakistan a Saudi Arabia a shekara ta alif dubu biyu da biyar 2005 har zuwa shekara ta alif dubu da tara 2009. 

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta farko da aikin sojan ruwa
An haifi Shahid Karimullah a Karachi, Sindh, a kasar Pakistan a ranar 14 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta 1948  dangin da ke Magana da Urdu wanda ke cikin Hyderabad Deccan a Indiya amma ya yi hijira zuwa kasar Pakistan bayan rabuwa da kasar Indiya da kasar Burtaniya a shekara ta 1947.  Ya fito ne daga dangin soja kuma mahaifinsa, Lieutenant-Commander Muhammad Karimullah ya kuma yi aiki a cikin Royal Indian Navy kuma daga baya Pakistan Navy.
Kimiyyar kwantom

Kimiyyar kwantom, ka'ida ce dake bayani akan dabi'ar yanayi da ke a dai-dai ko kasa da sikeli na maunin kwayar zarra. Itace ginshikin dukkan ilimin kimyyar lissafi, wanda ya hada da kimiyyar sinadarai, Kimiyyar Fili, da Kimiyyar Bayanai.
## Bayani da Mahimmancin Ra'ayi
Kimiyyar Kwantom na bada damar lissafin bangarori da kuma halayen tsarin fili na wani bangare. Mafi yawan lokaci ana amfani da shi ne a ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta.

## Manazarta
Ka'idar Dangantaka

Ka'idar Dangantaka mafi yawan lokaci ta kunshi ka'idojin kimiyyar lissafi guda biyu dake da alaka daga Albert Einstein: Alaƙa ta musamman da Alaƙa ta gaba daya, wadda aka tsara a 1905 kuma aka kaddamar a 1915.
## ƙirƙirawa da kuma karbuwa
Albert Einstein ya wallafa alakar musamman a 1905 wanda akai bayan bincike-binciken musamman da Albert A. Michelson yayi.
## Manazarta
Abdullah al Mahmood

**Abdullah Al Mahmood**  A shekara ta 1900 zuwa  shekara ta 1975 ɗan siyasan Bengali ne kuma lauya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan masana'antu da albarkatun kasa na kasar Pakistan . 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi sa
An haifi Abdullah al Mahmood a ranar 4 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta 1900, a dangin Musulmi na Bengali na Taluqdars a ƙauyen Sirajganj  a cikin Sheyalkol Union, Sirajganj wanda a baya yake a Gundumar Pabna, Shugabancin Bengal .  Sunan mahaifinsa shine Derazuddin Taluqdar .  &#x5B;**&#x5D;

Bayan ya wuce jarrabawar shiga, Mahmood ya shiga Kwalejin Carmichael a Rangpur a shekara ta 1915. Ya kammala karatunsa na IA a shekara ta 1918, kuma ya ci gaba da karatu a Kwalejin Islama ta Calcutta inda ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a fannin falsafa a shekarar 1920. Al MA daga nan ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Shugabancin Jami'ar Calcutta inda ya sami takardar shaidarsa ta Bachelor of Laws, kuma ya tafi tare da MA a Larabci.
Tim Guleri

**Tim Guleri** ɗan asalin kasar  Amurka ne kuma ɗan kasuwa ne. Shi ne manajan darektan Sierra Ventures na San Mateo,  California .   Kafin ya shiga Sierra Ventures, Guleri ya taimaka wajen gina Fasaha ta Scopus  kuma ya kafa Octane Software . [1] 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Tim Guleri ya sami digiri na farko na Kimiyya a fannin injiniyan lantarki daga Kwalejin Injiniyan Punjab, Chandigarh, Indiya a shekarar 1986.  Ya sami digiri na biyu a cikin robotics da Injiniyan masana'antu daga Virginia Tech a cikin 1988  kuma an shigar da shi cikin Kwalejin Distinguished Alumni a cikin 2006.  Ya sayar da littattafai kofa zuwa kofa don sanya kansa ta hanyar makarantar digiri.

## Ayyuka
A watan Satumbar 1989, Guleri ya zama wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar fasahar bayanai a LSI Logic Corporation .  A shekara ta 1992, ya shiga Scopus Technology, kamfanin software na kula da alaƙar abokan ciniki,  inda ya kasance mataimakin shugaban ayyukan filin   har zuwa 1996. Scopus ya fito fili a shekarar 1995, kuma Seibel Systems ta saye shi a shekarar 1998 don dala miliyan 750.  

Guleri ya kafa kamfanin ecommerce Octane Software a shekarar 1997.  Ya kasance Shugaba na Octane har sai an sayar da shi ga Epiphany, Inc. a cikin 2000 don dala biliyan 3.2 a cikin hannun jari. Guleri ya jagoranci hadewar kamfanonin biyu  kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban Epiphany daga Maris 2000 har zuwa Fabrairu 2001.   Ya shiga Sierra Ventures, wani kamfani na farko wanda ke mai da hankali kan fasahar kasuwanci,  a matsayin manajan darektan ƙungiyar software a shekara ta 2001.   A Sierra, Guleri ya yi aiki tare da saka hannun jari a cikin software da ci gaban budewa. Ta hanyar saka hannun jari daga Sierra, ya dauki kamfanonin Sourcefire da MakeMyTrip na jama'a. Sauran saka hannun jari tare da sanannun fita sun haɗa da: Sourcefire (wanda Cisco ya samu a cikin dala biliyan 2.7),  Shape Security (wanda F5 ya samu don dala biliyan 1),  Treasure Data (wanda Arm ya samu don $ 600 miliyan),  da Greenplum (wanda EMC ya samu don shekaru miliyan 400).

## Sauran ayyukan saka hannun jari
A lokacin da yake a Sierra Ventures, Guleri ya jagoranci saka hannun jari kuma ya yi aiki a cikin kwamitin daraktoci na kamfanoni irin su Again Technologies,  Approva,  BINA Technologies  CodeGreen Networks, [3] Greenplum,  Hired.com, [4] MakeMyTrip.com,  sabis na yin rajistar jirgin sama na kan layi wanda ke zaune a Indiya, [4] Sourcefire, [4] da Ventaso, kamfanin software na kasuwanci. [5] A halin yanzu yana zaune a kan kwamitin daraktoci na kamfanoni ciki har da Astronomer,  Fabric,  Phenom,  da Treasure Data. 

## Taimako
A cikin 2023, Guleri da Alma mater dinsa, Kwalejin Injiniya ta Punjab, sun kafa "Lt. Col. S.C.S Guleri da Shama Guleri 'Keep Rising' Merit Scholarship. "Bakarantar, mai suna bayan mahaifiyar Guleri da mahaifinsa marigayi, za su tallafa wa ilimin ɗalibai takwas da ba su da tattalin arziki.

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin kamfanonin kasuwanci

## manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Tim Guleri - Sierra Ventures
Nanotechnology

**Nanotechnology** na nufin sarrafa kwayoyin halitta dake da akalla girman dimenshon daya dake girman akalla nanomita (nm) 1 zuwa dari.
A wannan sikeli da aka fi sani da nanosikel, sararin bangre da kuma kimiyyar kwantom na zamowa mai amfani da wajen bayanin kaddarorin kwayoyin halitta.
## Masoma
Ainihin hikimar an tattauna ne a 1959 daga masanin kimiyya da fasaha Richard Feynman acikin tattaunawarsa da yayi a cikin shirin **There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom** a wanda ya bayyana yuwuwar Kira ta kai tsaye ta hanyar juya kwayoyin halitta.
## Masomin Mukala
Mahmud Ali (politician)

**Mahmud Ali** 1 ga watan Satumba shekara ta 1919 zuwa  17 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta alif dubu biyu da shidda 2006) ya kasance ɗan siyasan kasar Pakistan mai ci gaba da sani da siyasar gona. Ya kasance wani ɓangare na Freedom Movement kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a lokacin raba gardama na Sylhet wanda ya haifar da haɗuwa da Gabashin Bengal . A matsayinsa na memba na Majalisar Dokoki ta Biyu ta kasar Pakistan ya bukaci a amince da Bengali a matsayin daya daga cikin yarukan kasa na Pakistan kuma ya ba da shawarar hanyar jaridarsa, *Nao Belal* . Ya yi tsayayya da makircin 'One Unit' kuma ya kada kuri'a a kan hadewar a shekarar 1956. Bayan rushewar majalisa da soke Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 1956 ya yi aiki don maido da larduna da kuma tsarin gwamnati na majalisa wanda ya dogara da ikon mallakar manya.

## Rayuwa ta farko da iyali
An haifi Mahmud Ali a cikin zuri’ar Musulmi a Bengali na lauyoyi, marubuta da 'yan siyasa a ranar 1 ga watan Satumba shekara ta 1919, a Alimabagh, Sunamganj, Gundumar Sylhet . Mahaifinsa, Moulvi Mujahid Ali babban marubuci ne, kuma  mawaki kuma ya kammala karatun shari'a daga Jami'ar Musulmi ta Aligarh .  Kakansa, Moulvi Munawwar Ali, ya yi aiki a matsayin minista a Gwamnatin Assam a karkashin Babban Minista na lokacin Sir Muhammed Saadulah har zuwa shekara ta 1946, kuma daga baya a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Gabashin Bengal . Kakan Mahmud Ali kuma shugaban iyalin Ali, Moulvi Musharraf Ali, asalinsa ya fito ne daga Shahbazpur a cikin Comilla mafi girma, inda wasu daga cikin kakanninsa suka yi aiki a matsayin Mir ul Bahr (Kwamandan Babban) na Rundunar Sojan Ruwa a yankin Padma na Bengal a ƙarƙashin Sarkin sarakuna na Delhi.
Shamsunnahar Mahmud

**Shamsunnahar Mahmud** (c. 1908 zuwa Afrilu 10, 1964) babban marubuci ce kuma Yar siyasa kuma ya kasance babban malami a Bengal a farkon karni na 20.ta kasance jagora na ƙungiyar kare hakkin mata a Bengal wanda Begum Rokeya ya jagoranci. Shamsunnahar Hall na Jami'ar Dhaka da Jami'ar Chittagong an sanya mata suna.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Mahmud a shekara ta 1908 a ƙauyen Arewacin Guthuma, a cikin abin da ke yanzu Parshuram Upazila na Gundumar Feni, kasar Bangladesh . Mahaifinta, Mohammad Nurullah, ɗan ƙasar Muvasff ne. Khan Bahadur Abdul Aziz shi ne kakanta. Ɗan'uwanta, Habibullah Bahar Chowdhury ɗan siyasa ne.

## Manazarta
M Osman Ali

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Ali a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1900 a dangin Musulmi na Bengali na Pradhans a ƙauyen da ke Jamalkandi a Gundumar Tipperah, Shugabancin Bengal (yanzu Gundumar Comilla, kasar Bangladesh). Mahaifinsa shi ne Haji Dengu Pradhan . Ali ya sami karatun firamare a makarantar ƙauyensu kuma yaci jarrabawar a shekarar 1920. Daga nan sai ya shiga Kwalejin Islama ta Calcutta . 

## Ayyuka
Ali ya shiga cikin Khilafat Movement a cikin shekaru 1920 kuma daga baya a cikin Non-Cooperation Movement . Yayinda kungiyar Non-cooperation Movement ke ci gaba ya fara kasuwancin jute a Narayanganj, Gabashin Bengal. Ya taimaka wajen shirya yunkurin kasar Pakistan a Narayanganj . A cikin shekarun 1930, ya buga *Sabuz Bangla* (Green Bengal), mujallar adabi.  &#x5B;**&#x5D;

A farkon Pakistan Movement bisa ga Lahore Resolution a shekara ta 1940, Ali ya shirya motsi a Narayanganj . A shekara ta 1946, an zabe shi memba na Majalisar Dokokin Bengal . Ya kayar da Khwaja Habibullah, Nawab na karshe na Dhaka. Gwamnatin kasar Burtaniya ta ba shi taken Khan Sahib, wanda ya musanta a shekara ta 1944 saboda manufofin Raj na Burtaniya. 

Ali ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kungiyar Musulmi ta Narayanganj City a shekarar 1942 zuwa shekara ta 1947 da kuma mataimakin shugaban kungiyar Musulmai a Gundumar Dhaka . A ranar 23 ga watan Yuni shekara ta 1949, ya taimaka wajen kafa Awami Muslim League . Ya shiga cikin dukkan manyan ƙungiyoyi na Gabashin kasar Pakistan, Ƙungiyar Harshe a shekara ta 1952, ƙungiya ta maki shida da kuma tashin hankali na shekara ta 1969 a Gabashin kasar Pakistan. 

## Iyali da gado
Ali ta auri Jamila Osman kuma daga baya shugaban kungiyar Awami Muslim League Amirunnesa Begum .  Ya mutu a ranar 19 ga watan  Maris shekara ta 1971.  Ɗansa na fari, AKM Samsuzzoha (ya mutu a shekara ta 1987), ya shiga siyasa kuma an zabe shi a Majalisar Lardin Gabashin kasar Pakistan. An zabe shi memba na majalisar dokokin Bangladesh a shekarar 1973. An ba shi lambar yabo ta Independence Day Award a shekara ta alif dubu biyu da goma sha daya 2011. Ɗan fari na Shamsuzzoha, Nasim Osman (ya mutu a shekara ta alif dubu biyu da sha hudu 2014) ya shiga Jam'iyyar kasar Bangladesh Jatiya kuma ya zama dan majalisa a zaben shekara ta 1986 zuwa shekara ta 1988 da 2008 da kuma 2014. An zabi ɗa na biyu, Salim Osman a matsayin dan majalisa daga wannan mazabar a shekarar ta alif dubu biyu da sha hudu 2014.  Ɗa na uku, Shamim Osman ya shiga Ƙungiyar Awami ta kasar Bangladesh kuma ya zama ɗan majalisa daga wani mazabar a Narayanganj a cikin shekara ta 1996 zuwa shekara ta alif dubu biyu da daya 2001 zuwa shekara ta alif dubu biyu da sha hudu  2014.
Wafiq Safa

**Wafiq Safa** (Larabci: وفيق صفا, an haife shi a shekara ta 1960) jami'in tsaron kasar Labanon ne kuma jigo a kungiyar Hizbullah. A matsayinsa na shugaban sashin tuntuɓar juna da haɗin kai na Hizbullah tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1980, yana ba da rahoto kai tsaye ga babban sakatare na ƙungiyar, Safa yana jagorantar hukumomin tsaro na Hizbullah da kuma kula da dangantakar ƙungiyar a siyasar Lebanon. Wani lokaci ana kiransa da "Ministan Tsaro" ko "Ministan Cikin Gida" na Hizbullah.

Amincewar Safa ga shugaban masu kishin Islama na Lebanon Hussein Musawi ya sa Amal ta kore shi a farkon shekarun 1980. Daga baya Safa ya kasance memba na kungiyar da ke da hannu wajen kai hare-haren bam a barikin Beirut a shekarar 1983, tare da Ibrahim Aqil, kafin ya shiga kungiyar Hizbullah a shekarar 1984.

## Rayuwar Farko
An haifi Safa a cikin dangin musulmi ‘yan Shi’a a garin Nabatie na kasar Lebanon a shekara ta 1960.Ya kasance mabiyin jagoran Islama na Lebanon Hussein Musawi. Amincewar Safa ga Musawi ya sa aka kore shi daga Amal, babbar kungiyar Shi'a a Lebanon, a farkon shekarun 1980. Safa ya kasance mamba ne na kungiyar da ke taimakawa wajen kai harin bam a barikin Beirut a shekarar 1983, tare da Ibrahim Aqil, Ali Majid, da Ali Fatuni. Gabanin tashin bom din, Safa ya bukaci fam 4,000 na bama-bamai daga hannun 'yan Lebanon da Falasdinawan da ke samar da ababen fashewa. A cewar bayanan leken asirin Isra'ila da aka nakalto wa jaridar Washington Post, Safa ya shiga cikin ma'ajiyar bama-bamai a Beirut mallakar sojojin da ke biyayya ga Said al-Muragha.

## Manazarta
Albu Nimr

**Albu Nimr** ko **al-Bu Nimr** (Larabci: البو نمر ko البونمر) ƙabilar Larabawa na 'yan Ahlus-Sunnah (عشيرة ashirah) na akalla mutum 500,000 da ke zaune a Ramadi a cikin lardin Al Anbar na ƙasar Iraƙi. Wani bangare ne na kabilar Dulaim.

A cikin shekaru bayan 2007, Albu Nimr yana cikin kungiyar sojojin Sahwa da suka yaki al-Qaeda a Iraki. A shekarar 2014, daya ne daga cikin kabilun larabawa mabiya Sunna da suka yi kakkausar adawa da gwamnatin Musulunci.

## Manazarta
Mohamad Issa

**Mohammad Issa** (Larabci: محمد أحمد عيسى; 30 ga Janairu, 1972 - 18 ga Janairu, 2015) shi ne kwamandan sojojin Hizbullah na kasar Labanon kuma babban jami'in ayyuka a Kudancin Syria. A shekarar 2015 wani hari da jiragen yakin haramtacciyar kasar Isra'ila suka kashe shi a lokacin yakin basasar kasar Siriya.

## Tarihi
Mohammed Issa, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Abu Issa, ya fito daga Arabsalim a gundumar Nabatie da ke kudancin Lebanon. Mahaifinsa ɗan Sham ne, mahaifiyarsa kuwa ’yar Lebanon ce.Ya shiga kungiyar Hizbullah tun yana dan shekara 15, kuma ya samu matsayi na matsayi kuma ya jagoranci yakar Isra'ila da dama, ciki har da yakin Lebanon na 2006. An ce shi ne yake jagorantar ayyukan Hizbullah a yankin Golan a lokacin mutuwarsa, kuma shi kadai ne wanda Hizbullah ta bayyana a hukumance a matsayin kwamanda

## Mutuwa
Wani harin da jiragen yakin haramtacciyar kasar Isra'ila suka kai ya kashe Mohammad Issa, da wani birgediya janar na Iran daya, Jihad Mughniyah da wasu jami'an Hezbollah hudu a lardin Quneitra. Suna tuki ne a cikin ayarin motocin da ke lardin Quneitra tare da majalisar kare juyin juya hali (IRGC) kusa da tuddan Golan da Isra'ila ta mamaye, kuma a ranar 18 ga watan Janairun 2015 wani jirgin saman Isra'ila ya lalata ayarin motocin.

## Manazarta
Muhammad Shamsul Huq

**Muhammad Shamsul Huq** (12 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1912 zuwa  23 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta alif dubu biyu da shidda 2006) ɗan siyasan kasar Bangladesh ne kuma malami. Ya yi aiki a matsayin ministan ilimi a tsohuwar Gabashin kasar Pakistan, kuma ya zama Ministan harkokin waje shekaru shida bayan samun 'yancin a kasar Bangladesh.  Shamsul Huq ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban jami'a a Jami'ar Dhaka da Jami'ar Rajshahi .  Gwamnatin kasar Bangladesh ta ba shi lambar yabo ta *Ekushey Padak* a shekara ta alif dubu biyu da ukku 2003. 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Shamsul Huq a ranar 12 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1912 ga iyayen Musulmi na Bengali Karimul Huq da Mahmuda Khatun a ƙauyen Pashchimgaon a Laksam, Gundumar Tipperah, Lardin Bengal . A shekara ta 1927, ya wuce jarrabawar karatun sa daga makarantar sakandare ta Faizunnisa-Badrunnisa da ke Paschimgaon . Ya kammala karatun Intermediate of Arts daga Kwalejin Feni a shekara ta 1929. Shamsul Huq ya sami digiri na farko a fannin tattalin arziki da falsafar siyasa daga Kwalejin Islama ta Calcutta a shekara ta 1931. Ya sami digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar Calcutta a 1933. Ya kuma sami horo daga Jami'ar London a shekara ta 1945 zuwa shekara ta 1946, a karkashin Shirin Gyaran Ilimi na Bayan Yaƙi . 

## Ayyuka
Huq ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban Jami'ar Rajshahi na uku daga 31 ga watan Agusta shekara ta 1965 zuwa 4 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1969.  Daga nan ya yi aiki a Gwamnatin kasar Pakistan a karkashin Janar Yahya Khan a matsayin minista a Ma'aikatar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Fasaha har zuwa samun 'yancin kasar Bangladesh.

Daga 23 ga watan Satumba shekara ta 1975 zuwa 1 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta 1976, Huq ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban Jami'ar Dhaka na goma sha biyar.  Ya zama Ministan Harkokin Waje na biyar a kasar Bangladesh a watan Nuwamba 1975, yana aiki da wannan matsayi har zuwa Maris shekara 1982. Daga 1977 zuwa 1978, Shamsul Huq ya kasance memba na kwamitin ba da shawara na shugaban kasar Bangladesh. Tare da Shugaba Ziaur Rahman, ya ba da gudummawa ga kafa Kungiyar Kudancin Asiya don Haɗin Kai na Yankin (SAARC) a cikin 1980.

*
Abdul Hamid Khan Yusufzai

**ʿAbdul Ḥamīd Khān Yūsufzaī** (Bengali; 1845-1915) babban marubuci ne a kasar Bengali, kuma ya kasan ce ɗan jarida, kuma ɗan siyasa.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Yusufzai a shekara ta 1845 ga dangin Musulmi na kasar Bengali daga ƙauyen Charan a Kalihati, Tangail, Shugabancin kasar Bengal da kasar British Raj (yanzu a Bangladesh). Iyalinsa sun gano kakanninsu ga Pashtun na kabilar Yusufzai, waɗanda suka 

yi hijira zuwa Afghanistan zuwa Bengal kuma suka zama al'adun al'adu. Ya yi aiki a matsayin manajan dukiya a gidan Delduar zamindar a Tangail tare da sanannen marubuci Mir Mosharraf Hossain .  Ya auri Aziz-un-Nisa.

## Ayyuka
Yusufzai ɗan jarida ne mai ci gaba wanda ya buga wata jarida ta duniya, The Ahmadi (ba ta da alaƙa da ƙungiyar *Ahmadiyya*). Fitowa ta farko ta fito ne a shekara ta 1886. Karimunnessa Khanam Chowdhurani, matar Abdul Hakim Khan Ghaznawi, Zamindar na Delduar ce ta goyi bayan Ahmadi. Shi da Ahmadi sun yi yaƙi da mujallar Akhbare Islamia game da Hanafi-La-Mazhabi da yankan shanu.
Muzaffar Ahmad

**Muzaffar Ahmad** (wanda aka fi sani da **Kakababu**; 5 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1889 zuwa  18 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 1973) ɗan siyasan kasar Indiya ne, ɗan jarida kuma wanda ya kafa Jam'iyyar Kwaminis a kasar Indiya .

## Tarihi
An haifi Ahmed a ranar 5 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1889 a ƙauyen Musapur a Tsibirin Sandwip a cikin Gundumar Chittagong ta Lardin Bengal a cikin kasar  Indiya  ta ya kin kasar Burtaniya (a cikin kasar Bangladesh ta yanzu) zuwa Mansur Ali . Ahmed ya sami ilimin farko a Sandwip . Ya wuce karatun sakandare daga Makarantar Noakhali Zilla a shekarar 1913.  Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Hooghly Mohsin sannan kuma Kwalejin Bangabasi, amma bai yi nasara ba a jarrabawar Intermediate in Arts kuma ya bar kwalejin.

## Manazarta
Morshed Ali Khan Panni

**Morshed Ali Khan Panni** babban ɗan siyasan jam'iyyar kasar Bangladesh ne kuma tsohon memba ne na majalisa daga Tangail-8.

## Rayuwa ta farko da iyali
An haifi Morshed Ali Khan Panni a cikin iyalin Musulmi na Bengali da aka sani da Zamindars na Karatia . Mahaifinsa, Khurram Khan Panni, ma'aikacin gwamnati ne kuma mai mallakar ƙasa. Kakanninsa Pashtun ne na Ƙabilar Panni, kuma sun yi hijira zuwa daga kasar Afghanistan zuwa Bengal a ƙarni na 16 inda suka zama al'adun al'adu.

Babban ɗan'uwan Panni shine Wajid Ali Khan Panni (Bunting) , motawalli shine  mai kula da gidan zamindari. 'Yan uwan shi biyu suna da rikici bayan Bunting Panni ya hayar Rokeya Manzil na dukiyar zuwa Lighthouse School, makarantar da Islami Chhatra Shibir ya kafa a shekara ta alif dubu biyu 2000.

## Ayyuka
An zabi Panni a majalisar dokoki daga Tangail-8 a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar kasar Bangladesh Nationalist a shekara ta  1979.  An zabe shi a majalisa a shekara ta 1988 daga Tangail-8 a matsayin dan takarar Jam'iyyar Jatiya.

## Manazarta
Filin Wasa na Sonyachny

**Filin wasa na Sonyachny** filin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne, da ke a birnin Kharkiv, Ukraine.

## Tarihi
An gina filin wasan ne a matsayin cibiyar horarwa a shekarar 2011 a matsayin wani bangare na shirye-shiryen shiga gasar Euro 2012.

Filin wasan yana da damar kusan 'yan kallo 5,000.

A cikin 2012-2017 filin wasa shine gidan gidan kulob din Ukrainian First League FC Helios Kharkiv.

A cikin 2017-2018 filin wasa shine wurin ajiyar gida na FC Helios Kharkiv da FC Metalist 1925 Kharkiv.

A ranar 21 ga Mayu 2022 filin wasan ya yi mummunan lahani sakamakon harsasai na Rasha.

## Manazarta
Randy Rinks

**Randy S. Rinks**, wanda kuma aka **sani da Randy "Bear" Rinks** (an haife shi a watan Janairu 1, 1954) ɗan kasuwa ɗan Amurka ne (wanda ya kasance dillali a cikin kayan gini, a yanzu wakilin ƙasa) kuma ɗan siyasa daga Savannah, Tennessee wanda ya yi aiki da sharuɗɗa tara a cikin Majalisar Wakilai ta Tennessee, daga 1991-2009 (97th zuwa 105th General Assembly), bayan ya zama magajin garin Savannah na tsawon shekaru hudu. (1987-1990). Dan Democrat, ya gaji dan Republican Herman L. Wolfe Sr. a majalisar. An haifi Rinks a Houston, Texas kuma ya tafi Jami'ar Tennessee a Martin.

Bai sake tsayawa takara ba a 2008, kuma dan Republican Vance Dennis ya gaje shi.

## Manazarta
Leon Smith (Ɗan siyasa)

**Leon E. Smith Jr**. (an haife shi 30 ga Mayu 1937, Great Bend, Kansas) memba ne na Majalisar Wakilai ta Idaho, wanda ya yi aiki daga 1999 zuwa 2013. Kafin, ya kasance magajin garin Twin Falls kuma mai gabatar da kara na Twin Falls County. Idaho. Ya yi digirin farko a Jami’ar Jihar Kansas, sannan ya yi digirin digirgir a Jami’ar Washburn.

Shi da matarsa Jan, sun kasance iyayen yara uku ne.

## Manazarta
Watan Hamara Azad Kashmir

"**Watan Hamāra Āzād Kashmir**" (Urdu: وطن ہمارا آزاد کشمیر), wanda aka fi sani a hukumance da waƙar Azad Jammu da Kashmir, waƙar yanki ce ta jihar Azad Kashmir, wacce Pakistan ke gudanar da suna iri ɗaya da aka rubuta a tsakiyar 1960s. ta Hafeez Jalandhari. An yi wahayi ne a lokacin Yaƙin Indo-Pakistan na 1965.

## Manazarta
Sirajganj District

**Gundumar Sirajganj** wani yanki ne a yankin Arewacin Bengal a kasar Bangladesh, wanda ke cikin yankin Rajshahi .  Gundumar ta 25 mafi girma ta yanki kuma ta 9 mafi girma a yawan jama'a a kasar Bangladesh. A san shi da ƙofar zuwa yankin Arewacin Bengal 

Hedkwatar gudanarwarta ita ce Sirajganj . Ya shahara ne saboda masana'antun da gidaje na hannu. A shekara ta 1885, Sirajganj ya fito a matsayin thana. Da farko a karkashin Gundumar Mymensingh a cikin Dhaka Division, an canja shi zuwa Gundumar Pabna a ranar 15 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta 1866.  An inganta shi don ya zama karamin yanki na Pabna a cikin shekara ta 1885. A shekara ta 1984, an inganta shi zuwa gundumar.

## Tarihi
A shekara ta 1762, an yi wata mummunar girgizar ƙasa ta canza kwararar Kogin Jamuna kuma ta haifar da sabon kogi mai suna Baral a gefen yammacin wannan kogin Baral, sabuwar ƙasa ta fito kuma mafi yawan ƙasar da ke kewaye da ita ta Zamindar Siraj Ali Chowdhury ce. A hankali wannan yanki ya sami karbuwa a matsayin Sirajganj bayan sunansa.

Tarihin Salanga Movement a shekara ta 1922 ya haifar da mutuwar mutane 1,200, musamman a cikin kisan kiyashi na masu kokarin neman 'yancin kai a ranar 27 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1922, wanda ake kira kisan kiyashin Salanga a tarihin Bengali kuma ana tunawa da shi da "Ranar Salanga" a kowace shekara. A cikin shekara ta 1924, wani taro na All India Congress Party a can. Taron Brahmo Samaj a Sirajganj ya faru ne a shekara ta 1928. A cikin shekara ta 1932, Kazi Nazrul Islam, wanda a halin yanzu aka fi sani da Mawallafin Kasar  Bangladesh ya ziyarci Sirajganj . A shekara ta 1940, Firayim Minista na Bengal na lokacin, A. K. Fazlul Huq ya kafa harsashin ginin Kwalejin Gwamnatin Sirajganj. A cikin shekara ta alif dubu daya da dari tara da arba’i da biyu 1942, wani taro na All-India Muslim League ya halarci Muhammad Ali Jinnah .
Raphaël Adicéam

**Raphaël Adicéam** (an haife shi ranar 3 ga watan Yuli a shekarar 1990) ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Faransa wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida a ƙungiyar kwallon kafar Auxerre a Ligue 1 na Faransa.

## Aiki
Yayin wasa a kungiyar Amiens, Adicéam ya fara wasansa na ƙwararru a cikin wasan da sukai rashin nasarar 2–1 Coupe de la Ligue zuwa Clermont a ranar 9 ga watan Agustan 2016.

A ranar 3 ga Janairu 2022, Adicéam ya rattaba hannu kan kungiyar Championnat National 2 Beauvais.

A ranar 21 ga Satumba 2023, Adiceam ya koma Auxerre har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa.

## Manazarta
Gemini 4

**Gemini 4** (a hukumance **Gemini IV**) ayarin jirgin sararin samaniya ne na NASA mai suna  Project Gemini, wanda kuma ya faru a cikin watan Yunin 1965. Shine ayarin jirgin sama na goma (har da jirage X-15 guda biyu a nisan bisan sama da kilomita 100 ((62 mi; 54 nmi)). Matuka jirgin duniyar sama James McDivitt   da Ed White sun zagaye duniya sau  66 a cikin kwanaki 4, hakan ya sa ta zamo Jirgin sama na Farko na Amurka da ya kusanci tafiyar kwanaki biyar da jirgin saman Sobiyet, Vostok 5 yayi. Aikin mishan na jirgin shine tafiyar dan-Adam na farko da Ba'Amurke ya yi, a inda Ed White yayi ta shillo a sararin samaniya a wajen jrigin, a daure da jirgin, na tsawon akalla mintuna 23.    

Tashin jirgin kuma ya hada da yunkurin yin kai kololuwar samaniya a yayin da  McDivitt yayi kokarin sarrafa jirginsa zuwa kusa da saman jirgin Titan II wanda ya janyo jirgin zuwa obit din shi, amma ba'a ci nasaran hakan ba.     

Jirginn ya kasance jirgin duniyar sama na Amurka na farko da aka gudanar da binciken kimiyya a sararin samaniya, wanda ya hada da amfani da sextant wajen binciken yadda ake amfani da  celestial navigation a wajen tashinn jirgin sama a duniyar wata a cikin Shirin Apollo       
## Matuka jirgi

### Matuka 'yan ko ta baci

### Masu taimakawa matuka
* Gus Grissom|Virgil I. "Gus" Grissom (Houston CAPCOM)
* Roger B. Chaffee (CAPCOM)
* Eugene Cernan (CAPCOM)

## '''Manazarta'''
Mike Rinder

**Michael John Rinder** (/ ˈrɪndər/; (10 ga Afrilu, 1955 - Janairu 5, 2025) wani babban jami'in zartarwa ne dan kasashen Ostireliya da Amurka na Cocin Scientology International (CSI) da Kungiyar Teku da ke kasar Amurka.Daga 1982 zuwa 2007, Rinder ya yi aiki a kwamitin gudanarwa na CSI sannan kuma ya rike mukamin babban darakta na ofishinta na musamman, yana kula da ayyukan. al'amuran kamfanoni, shari'a da dangantakar jama'a na Scientology a matakin kasa da kasa.

Rinder ya bar Scientology a cikin shekara ta 2007. Tun daga wannan lokacin, yana yin magana game da cin zarafi na jiki da na zuci da shugaban ma'aikatan Scientology, David Miscavige ke yi wa ma'aikatan kamfanin, da shi kan shi Rinder kafin ya bar ma'aikatan, kuma ya bayyana yadda aka shigar da cin zarafi a cikin al'adar ma'aikatar Scientology. Daga shekara ta 2016 zuwa 2019, ya dauki nauyin shirya shirin Lambar Yabo ta Emmy ya lashe lambar yabo  A&E don labarin gaskiya mai suna Leah Remini: *Scientology da bayan ta*. A cikin shekara ta 2020, shi da Remini sun sake haduwa don ƙaddamar da shirin Podcast Scientology: Wasan Gaskiya.A cikin Satumba 2022, ya buga wani abin tunawa mai suna Shekaru Biliyan: Kuɓuta ta Daga Rayuwa a Babban Matsayi a Ma'aikatar  *Scientology*.

## Rayuwar shi
Rinder yana da 'ya'ya biyu tare da matarsa ​​ta farko Cathy, 'yar Taryn da dansa Benjamin. 'Yar sa ta biyu ta rasu jim kadan bayan haihuwarta a shekara ta 1982: 94 . A cikin 2012, abokiyar zamansa Christie King Collbran, ta haifi dan su namiji na farko.A cikin 2013, Rinder da Christie sun yi aure, kuma ya zama uba ga babban ɗanta.Dangane da shafin yanar gizon sa, ya rayu a ƙarshe a Palm Harbor, Florida, tare da matarsa, ɗansa da stepson.A cikin Yuni 2023, an sanar da cewa Rinder ya sami ci gaba da ciwon daji na esophageal.Ya mutu daga ciwon daji a wani asibitin Palm Harbor a ranar 5 ga Janairu, 2025, yana da shekaru 69 Tracey McManus, wacce ta rufe Scientology ga Tampa Bay Times (2015 – 2024), ta ce Rinder "wata hanya ce mai kima ga 'yan jarida" kuma "tare da mutuwar Mike, duniya ta rasa ilimin hukuma game da wata kungiya mai ɓoye da ke ci gaba da tasiri ga rayuwar mutane. Amma ya bar gadon da zai ci gaba da taka rawa wajen fahimtar ilimin kimiyya shekaru da dama masu zuwa."

## Manazarta
Yeta II Nalute

**Yeta II Nalute** ya kasance babban shugaban Afirka, sarkin mutanen Lozi da Barotseland a Zambiya.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Yeta ɗa ne ga Babban Sarki Ngalama kuma jikan Yarima Ingulamwa kuma an rada masa sunan sarki Yeta I.

Dan uwansa shi ne sarki Ngombala.
An ce kakansa na allahntaka shine allahn Nyambe, sarkin sama.

Ya yi gudun hijira a Mashi, tare da mahaifiyarsa, a zamanin mahaifinsa, kuma an kama shi aka sayar da shi a bauta, amma ya koma Barotseland, bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa. Jama'arsa ne suka nutse da shi saboda cin naman mutane.

## Manazarta
Mata a Aljeiya

A cikin tarihin Aljeriya a matsayin ƙasa mai zaman kanta, an sami rikici tsakanin masu fafutukar kare hakkin mata da masu ra'ayin mazan jiya game da matsayin **mata a Aljeriya**. Dokar Iyali a kasar Aljeriya a shekara ta 1984 ta kafa wasu nau'o'in rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi da nuna bambanci ga mata. An aiwatar da wasu gyare-gyare na ci gaba a cikin gyare- gyare-rikice a shekara ta alif dubu biyu da biyar 2005 ga dokar, amma har yanzu mata ba su da daidaito a ƙarƙashin dokar kasar  Aljeriya.

## Tarihi

Aljeriya ƙasa ce a Arewacin Afirka a bakin tekun Bahar Rum . Bayan doguwar mulkin kasar Faransa da Aljeriya ta sami 'yancin kai daga Faransa a shekarar 1962. Yaƙin basasar Aljeriya (1991 zuwa 2002) yana da mummunar tasiri ga lafiyar mata. Kashi 99% na yawan jama'a Larabawa ne-Berber, kuma irin wannan kashi Musulmi ne, galibi Sunni. A  kasar Aljeriya, kamar yadda yake a sauran Yankin MENA, ana ɗaukar mata a matsayin masu kula da gida, duk da haka mata sun kai kashi 65% na waɗanda suka kammala karatun jami'a a kasar Aljeriya kuma sune jinsi mafi ilimi. Kasar Aljeriya kuma tana da al'ada mai karfi na girmama iyali, har ma a tsakanin 'yan ƙasa masu sassaucin ra'ayi.

## Aure da rayuwar
Shekarar doka don aure shine goma sha tara ga maza da mata. Mata da yawa na kasar Aljeriya suna yin aure kuma suna fara iyalai a tsufa fiye da yadda suka yi a ƙarƙashin Dokar kasar Faransa. Ilimi, sadaukar da kai ga aiki, da sauya halin zamantakewa sune dalilan canjin. A shekara ta alif dubu biyu da goma 2010, jimlar haihuwa ta kasance yara 1.76 da aka haifa / mace. Wannan raguwa ne daga 2.41 a cikin shekara ta 2009 da 7.12 a cikin 1970s jim kadan bayan Yakin Independence na Aljeriya daga Faransa.

## Ilimi da aiki
A cikin shekara ta 1845, Eugénie Allix Luce ta buɗe makarantar farko ga 'yan mata, makarantar Luce-Benaben a Algiers; duk da haka, iyalansu sun ba da izinin yin karatu a makarantun duniya, kuma ƙananan ƙwararrun ne kawai suka iya karatu a makarantakar kasar Faransa.
## Manazarta
Manufar Biza na Seychelles

Duk 'yan kasashen waje da ke ziyartar Seychelles ana ba su izinin shiga kyautane. Koyaya, ana buƙatar su sami Izinin Baƙi idan sun iso sai dai idan an keɓe su.

Ana bayar da Izinin Baƙi kyauta kuma yana aiki da farko har na tsawon watanni uku amma ana iya tsawaita shi akan kuɗi har na tsawon watanni uku tare da ƙarin  wanda bai wuce jimlar watanni goma sha biyu ba. Dole ne su kasance a cikin mallakar fasfo mai aiki, dawowa ko tikiti na gaba, tabbacin masauki da isassun kuɗi.

Ba a buƙatar 'yan ƙasa na waɗannan ƙasashe don samun Izinin Baƙi na lokuta masu zuwa a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyoyin keɓe biza na juna:

Seychelles ta rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin bada biza tare da Maldives a ranar 12 ga Yuni 2023, Isra'ila a ranar 12 ga Janairu 2024, Benin a ranar 4 ga Oktoba 2024 da Lebanon a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba 2024 waɗanda har yanzu ba a amince da su ba.

## Tsarin Iyakar lantarki na Seychelles
Dukkanin ka'idojin iyakokin Seychelles an ƙididdige su kuma dole ne matafiya na dukkan ƙasashe (ban da Kosovo) su cika su kafin shiga Seychelles, ta hanyar SEBS.

A ƙasa akwai wasu buƙatu daga SEBS:

•Ana iya ƙaddamar da wannan har zuwa kwanaki 30 kafin tafiya.

•Dole ne masu ziyara su loda tabbatarwa(s) ajiyar wurin kowane baƙo na wurin zama a Seychelles.

•Ana buƙatar takardar shaidar rigakafin cutar zazzabin shawara idan ta fito daga ƙasashe masu fama da cutar.

•Biyan kuɗin (EUR 10) ta katin kiredit ko zare kudi.

•Yana aiki don tafiya ɗaya kawai kuma Yana ƙarewa da zarar an fita daga ƙasar.

## Kosovo
An ƙi shiga da wucewa ga ƴan ƙasar Kosovo, ko da ba za su bar jirgin ba da tafiya da jirgi ɗaya.

## Kididdiga
Yawancin baƙi masu shiga Seychelles sun fito ne daga ƙasashe masu zuwa:

## Manazarta
Manufar Biza na Sao Tomé da Principe

Masu ziyara zuwa **[[Sao Tome da Prinsipe|Sao Tomé da Principe]]** dole ne su sami biza ta kan layi ko daga ɗaya daga cikin ofisoshin diflomasiyya na São Tomé da Principe kafin isowar sai dai idan sun fito daga ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen da ba a ba su biza ba.

## Keɓe Biza
Jama'a na ƙasashe masu zuwa za su iya ziyartar São Tomé da Principe ba tare da biza ba har tsawon kwanaki 15.

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## Manazarta
Zawaya

**Zawaya** kabilun ne a kudancin Sahara waɗanda suka bi hanyar rayuwa ta addini sosai. Sun yarda da matsayi na ƙasa ga kabilun mayaƙa, ko Larabawa ko Berber, waɗanda ba su da sha'awar Islama. Zawaya sun gabatar da 'yan uwantaka na Sufi ga mutanen baƙar fata a kudancin Sahara. Yunkurin jihadi na Mutanen Fula a ƙarni na goma sha takwas da na goma sha tara sun samo asali ne daga Zawaya. A yau Zawaya suna ɗaya daga cikin manyan mutane biyu na Mauritania.
## Tarihi
Zawaya  kabilun makiyaya ne daga ƙasashe masu busasshiyar ƙasa zuwa arewa da gabashin Kogin Senegal a Yammacin Afirka.Ana iya gano imanin addininsu zuwa ƙarni na goma sha ɗaya na ƙungiyar Almoravid, kodayake halin da suke da shi ya bambanta da na Almoravids masu fafutuka.Sun ba da muhimmancin gaske ga koyar da kimiyyar addinin Islama da kuma karanta Alkur'ani.Zawaya sun yi ƙoƙari su guji rikici tare da ƙungiyoyin mayaƙa masu ƙarfi ta hanyar yin watsi da makamai da biyan haraji.

A yamma, Zawaya sun kasance asalin Berber, yayin da bayan karni na goma sha biyar kabilun mayaƙa Larabawa ne. A tsakiya, an yi amfani da baya.Zawaya Larabawa ne, yayin da kabilun Berber ko Tuareg ke da ikon soja da siyasa.Zawaya, tare da salon rayuwarsu na kiwo, addu'a da karatu, ƙungiyoyi masu ƙarfi sun bi da su da raini, amma wannan ya haɗu da girmamawa.Wani labari ya fada ne daga al-Muṣallī, mai shari'a na Timbuktu na ƙarni na sha shida, wanda ake kira saboda yana bauta a masallacin sau da yawa.Ya kasance Zawaya daga yamma kuma mai kula da yau da kullun a ƙungiyar koyarwa ta lauya Maḥmūd, jikan Anda Ag-Muhammad a cikin layin mata. Al-Muṣallī ya yanke shawarar neman hannun 'yar Maḥmūd a aure. Kafin ya iya yin shawararsa Maḥmūd ya karkatar da shi cikin ladabi, yana cewa "tsuntsaye masu gashin tsuntsaye suna taruwa tare.

## Tashin hankali a shekara ta 1673
A ƙarshen ƙarni na goma sha bakwai, Awbek Ashfaga na kabilar Banū Daymān, daga baya ya sa kansa Nāșir al-Din ("Mai Kare Bangaskiya"), ya fito a matsayin shugaban kabilun Zawaya wajen tsayayya da Hassān. An girmama shi sosai saboda iliminsa, tsabtar rayuwa da ikon warkarwa. Manufarsa ita ce ta kafa kyakkyawar al'ummar Islama bisa ga asalin ƙungiyar Khalifanni na farko, inda za a yi watsi da bambancin kabilanci da kabilanci. Nāșir al-Din ya bukaci Zawaya ta yi biyayya ga ikonsa. Ya tashi don ƙirƙirar ingantaccen gwamnati a kudancin Sahara, karkashin jagorancin kansa, da vizier da qāḍīs huɗu. Don yin haka zai kayar da mayaƙan da suka kasa bin ka'idodin Islama kuma waɗanda suka cutar da masu aminci, kuma zai kafa jihar tauhidi da ta tashi sama da rarrabuwar kabilanci kuma ta bi umarnin Allah.

## Manazarta
Manufar Biza na Mozambique

**[[Mozambique]]** tana ba da damar mafi yawan ƙasashen da ba a keɓe biza su sami biza idan sun isa. Duk da haka, dole ne 'yan ƙasa na wasu ƙasashe su sami takardar visa ta kan layi ko daga ɗaya daga cikin ofisoshin diflomasiyyar Mozambique a duniya kafin a ba su izinin shiga cikin ƙasar.

Mozambik wani bangare ne na kungiyar raya kasashen kudancin Afirka, ma'ana mambobin sauran kasashen SADC ba sa bukatar bizar yawon bude ido idan sun ziyarci Mozambique domin yawon bude ido.

## Keɓe Biza
Ƴan ƙasa na waɗannan ƙasashe basa buƙatar biza don shiga Mozambique don tsayawa har tsawon lokacin da aka jera a ƙasa:

## Isowar Biza
Jama'ar duk sauran ƙasashen da ba a keɓe biza ba za su iya samun biza idan sun isa Mozambique, mai aiki na tsawon kwanaki 30 a duk wuraren da ke kan iyaka, idan sun gabatar da fasfo mai aiki na tsawon watanni 6 da isowa da dawowa ko tikitin zuwa gaba, da kuma shaidar isassun kudade don tallafawa zamansu da kuma hujjar manufar ziyarar tasu. Bizar da aka samu lokacin isowa tana kashe dalar Amurka 50.

Duk da takardar bizar da ke nuna cewa tana aiki ne don shigarwa 1 kawai, baƙi da suka yi tafiya zuwa Eswatini da Afirka ta Kudu sun gano cewa yana aiki don shigarwa 2 idan har yanzu bizar tana cikin kwanakin 30 ɗin ta.

## e-Biza
A cikin Disamba 2022, tsarin e-Biza isa na Mozambique ya fara aiki. 'Yan ƙasa na duk ƙasashen da ba su da izinin biza kuma za su iya neman e-Biza kafin su shiga Mozambique.

## Manazarta