Mayawati

**Kumari Mayawati** (an haife shi **Kumari Mayawati Das**;  15 Janairu 1956) ɗan siyasan Indiya ne  wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Minista na 18 na Uttar Pradesh daga 1995 zuwa 1995, 1997 zuwa 1997, 2002 zuwa 2003 kuma daga 2007 zuwa 2012. Ita ce shugabar kasa ta Jam'iyyar Bahujan Samaj (BSP), wacce ke mai da hankali kan dandalin canjin zamantakewa ga *Bahujans*, wanda aka fi sani da Sauran Ƙungiyoyin baya, Ƙungiyoyin da aka tsara da Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Gida da kuma 'Yan tsiraru na addini tun shekara ta 2003.

Mayawati ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin memba na majalisar, Rajya Sabha daga 2012 zuwa 2017 daga Uttar Pradesh . Tashin Mayawati daga farkon tawali'u an kira shi "mu'ujiza ta dimokuradiyya" ta P. V. Narasimha Rao, tsohon Firayim Minista na Indiya. A shekara ta 1993, Kanshi Ram ya kafa hadin gwiwa tare da Jam'iyyar Samajwadi kuma Mayawati ya zama Babban Ministan Uttar Pradesh a shekarar 1995. Ita ce mace ta farko da aka tsara a matsayin babban minista a Indiya. A cikin 1997 da 2002 ta kasance babban minista tare da goyon bayan waje daga Jam'iyyar Bharatiya Janata (BJP), a karo na biyu kawai na shekara guda har zuwa 26 ga watan Agusta 2003 saboda BJP ta janye goyon baya.

Matsayin Mayawati ya jawo yabo da zargi. Miliyoyin Dalits a duk faɗin Indiya suna kallon ta a matsayin gunkin, kuma suna magana da ita a matsayin *Behen-ji* (babban 'yar'uwa). An yaba mata saboda kokarin da ta yi na tara kudade a madadin jam'iyyarta kuma magoya bayanta sun yi bikin ranar haihuwarta. Akasin haka, an soki hauhawar dukiyarta da ta jam'iyyarta a matsayin alamar cin hanci da rashawa.

An haifi Mayawati a matsayin Kumari Mayawati Das  a ranar 15 ga watan Janairun 1956 a Asibitin Shrimati Sucheta Kriplani, New Delhi.    Mahaifinta Prabhu Das, ma'aikacin gidan waya ne a ƙauyen Badalpur, kusa da Dadri a Gautam Buddha Nagar .  An tura 'ya'ya maza a cikin iyali zuwa makarantu masu zaman kansu, yayin da' ya'ya mata suka tafi "makarantu na gwamnati marasa kyau". 

Mayawati ta yi karatu don B.. a 1975 a Kwalejin Kalindi, Jami'ar Delhi kuma ta sami LL. B. daga babbar Kwalejin Shari'a, Jami'ar Delhi a 1983. Ta kammala B.Ed. daga Kwalejin VMLG ta Jami'ar Meerut, Ghaziabad, a cikin 1976.  Tana aiki a matsayin malama a Inderpuri JJ Colony, Delhi, kuma tana karatu don jarrabawar Ayyukan Gudanarwa na Indiya, lokacin da Scheduled Castes da Schedulized Tribes da Sauran 'yan siyasa na baya Kanshi Ram ya ziyarci gidan iyalinta a 1977. A cewar mai ba da labari Ajoy Bose, Ram ya gaya mata: "Zan iya sanya ka babban jagora wata rana cewa ba ɗaya ba amma dukan jere na jami'an IAS za su yi layi don umarninku. " Kanshi Ram ya haɗa ta a matsayin memba na tawagarsa lokacin da ya kafa Jam'iyyar Bahujan Samaj (BSP) a shekarar 1984. An fara zabar Mayawati a Majalisar dokoki a shekarar 1989.

## Farkon aikin siyasa
Kanshi Ram ya kafa BSP a shekarar 1984. B. R. Ambedkar ne ya rinjayi jam'iyyar, babban abin da ta mayar da hankali ga jam'iyyar shi ne inganta halin da ake ciki na Scheduled Castes da Scheduled Tribes da sauran kungiyoyin da ba su da wadata ta hanyar sake fasalin manufofi, tabbatar da aiki kan hayar mambobin da aka tsara don mukaman gwamnati, da samar da shirye-shiryen ci gaban karkara. Tsaro a Indiya tsarin ne wanda aka tanada kashi na mukamai da kujeru a jami'o'i ga mutanen da ke baya da kuma kabilun da aka tsara. A duk lokacin da ta yi aiki a siyasa, Mayawati ta goyi bayan ajiya a bangarorin gwamnati da masu zaman kansu don ɗalibai masu baya, tare da karuwa a cikin ƙididdiga da haɗa da ƙarin al'ummomi kamar 'yan tsiraru na addini da manyan masu rauni a tattalin arziki. A watan Agustan 2012 an share lissafin da ya fara aiwatar da gyaran kundin tsarin mulki don a fadada tsarin ajiya zuwa gabatarwa a ayyukan jihohi. Tsohon Firayim Minista na Indiya P. V. Narasimha Rao ya kira aikin Mayawati "mu'ujiza na dimokuradiyya". Miliyoyin magoya bayan Dalit suna kallon ta a matsayin gunkin kuma suna magana da ita a matsayin "Behen-ji" (yar'uwa).  Babban masu sauraro sun halarci tarurrukan jama'a, waɗanda ke amfani da taken kamar "Kanshi Ram ka mission Adhoora; karegi Behen Mayawati poora" (Mayawati za ta kammala aikin da ba a cika ba na Kanshi Ram) da kuma "Behenji tum sangharsh karo; humhare saath hain" (Yar'uwa, ku ci gaba da gwagwarmayar ku; muna tare da ku). 

A cikin yakin neman zabe na farko a shekarar 1984, BSP ta gabatar da Mayawati don kujerar Lok Sabha (Lower House) ta Kairana a Gundumar Muzaffarnagar, don Bijnor a shekarar 1985, da kuma Haridwar a shekarar 1987. A shekara ta 1989 an zabe ta a matsayin wakilin Bijnor, tare da kuri'u 183,189, ta lashe da kuri'un 8,879. Kodayake BSP ba ta sami iko da gidan ba, kwarewar zaben ta haifar da aiki mai yawa ga Mayawati a cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa, yayin da ta yi aiki tare da Mahsood Ahmed da sauran masu shirya. Jam'iyyar ta lashe kujeru uku a zaben kasa na 1989 da kujeru biyu a 1991.

An fara zabar Mayawati a Rajya Sabha (Upper House) na Uttar Pradesh (UP) a shekarar 1994.  A shekara ta 1995 ta zama, a matsayin shugabar jam'iyyarta, Babban Minista a cikin gwamnatin hadin gwiwa ta ɗan gajeren lokaci, Babban Minista mafi ƙanƙanta a tarihin jihar har zuwa wannan lokacin, kuma Babban Ministan Dalit na farko a Indiya. Ta lashe zaben Lok Sabha a mazabu biyu daban-daban a 1996 kuma ta zaɓi yin aiki ga Harora .  Ta sake zama Babban Minista na ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin 1997 sannan daga 2002 zuwa 2003 a cikin hadin gwiwa tare da Jam'iyyar Bharatiya Janata . A shekara ta 2001 Ram ya nada ta a matsayin magajinsa ga jagorancin jam'iyyar.