Marianne Philips

**Marianne Philips** (18 Maris 1886 - 13 Mayu 1951) marubuciya ce kuma 'yar siyasa 'yar ƙasar Holland. A shekarar 1919, ta zama ɗaya daga cikin 'yan majalisar birni mata na farko a ƙasar Netherlands. Philips ya rubuta littattafan ilimin halayyar ɗan adam.  Philips ya tsira daga Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ta hanyar ɓoyewa. A shekarar 1950, an zaɓi *De zaak Beukenoot* a matsayin kyauta ga Boekenweek, mako guda da aka keɓe ga adabin ƙasar Holland . 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Philips a ranar 18 ga Maris, 1886 a cikin wani iyali mai arziki na Yahudawa waɗanda ke zaune a Kloveniersburgwal a Amsterdam .  Mahaifinta ya mutu lokacin da take da shekara 1 da rabi. Mahaifiyarta ta sake yin aure, duk da haka kasuwancin ya fara durƙushewa. Lokacin da Philips ke da shekara 14, mahaifiyarta ta mutu, kuma dole ta bar makaranta don yin aiki a wani shagon dinki.  Iyalin sun fada cikin talauci kuma suka ƙare a wani ƙaramin gida a Watergraafsmeer kusa da layin dogo. 

Philips ta zama memba na Jam'iyyar Ma'aikata ta Social Democrats . A shekarar 1907, ta sami aiki a Kamfanin Royal Asscher Diamond, kuma a shekarar 1911 ta auri  . Ma'auratan sun zauna a Bussum,  kuma a shekarar 1919, an zaɓe ta a majalisar birni ta Bussum a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan majalisar farko mata.  Dole ne Philips ta bar majalisar bayan ɗanta na uku, amma za ta kira kanta kansila ta farko da ta haifi ɗa a Netherlands. 

A shekarar 1929, Philips ta fara fitowa a fim ɗin *De wonderbare genezing* .  A shekarar 1930, Philips ya buga littafin *De biecht* game da wata yarinya daga ƙasƙantar halitta wadda ta sami damar yin aiki tuƙuru har ta ƙare a cikin wani mawuyacin hali na tunani.  Littafin ya sami yabo sosai saboda zurfin iliminsa.   A shekarar 1934, ta buga *littafin Bruiloft a Europa* (1934), wani labari da aka shirya a Vienna a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya . Littafin ya zama littafin da aka fi sayarwa a duniya. 

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, iyalin sun sami wasiƙa cewa dole ne su bayar da rahoto a sansanin tsare-tsare na Herzogenbusch . Sun yanke shawarar ɓoyewa.  Philips ba ta da tabbas game da abubuwan da ta fuskanta a lokacin yaƙin, kuma ba ta taɓa tattauna shi a cikin littattafanta ba. An san cewa dole ne ta motsa aƙalla sau goma.  A lokacin yaƙin, ta kamu da ciwon amosanin gabbai, kuma dole ne a kwantar da ita a asibiti. Za ta yi bikin 'yanci kuma a sake haɗuwa da mijinta a asibiti. 

A shekarar 1950, Philips ya rubuta littafin De zaak Beukenoot, wani labari game da adalci a cikin Netherlands. An zaɓi littafin a matsayin kyauta ga Boekenweek . Philips ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Mayu, 1951 a Naarden yana da shekaru 65.

## Kyautar Marianne Philips
A shekarar 1951, mijinta Sam Goudeket, ya fara bayar da kyautar Marianne Philips. Ana bayar da kyautar kowace shekara ga marubuta waɗanda har yanzu suke aiki sama da shekaru 50, amma ba sa samun kulawa. An bayar da kyautar daga 1951 zuwa 1975. 

## Ayyuka

* *Bruiloft a Europa*, Bussum : Dishoeck, 1936
* *Hochzeit a Turai* ; aus dem Holländischen übertragen von Hanna Waldeck, Locarno : Verbano Verlag, 1935
* *De biecht*, Houten : Agathon, 1986, 
* *Die Beichte einer Nacht : Roman*, aus dem Niederländischen von Eva Schweikart; mit einem Nachwort von Judith Belinfante, Zürich : Diogenes, 2021, 

## Manazarta