Mahmud Bakhith Al Rabii

**Mahmoud Bakhith Al Rabii** ( Larabci : محمود بَخيت الرَّبيعي ) ƙwararren mai sukar adabi ne kuma masanin ilimi a ƙasar Masar. An haife shi a ranar 15 ga Janairu, 1932, a garin Sohag Governorate, Masar . Yana rubuta waƙa tun yana ƙarami har zuwa 1960, amma daga baya ya koma sukar adabi . Ya kammala karatunsa daga jami'ar Dar al-Ulum a 1958, kuma ya sami digirin digirgir daga Jami'ar London a 1965. Ya koyar a jami'o'in Alkahira, Aljeriya, Kuwait, da Jami'ar Amurka da ke Alkahira . An zaɓe shi a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Harshen Larabci da ke Alkahira a 2008. Ya rubuta wallafe-wallafe a fannin suka, nazari, da fassara, kuma yana da tarihin rayuwa guda uku. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Mahmud Bakhith Al Rabii a ranar 15 ga Janairu, 1932, a garin Juhaynah, da ke gundumar Sohag, a ƙasar Masar . Mahaifinsa manomi ne, mahaifiyarsa ta haddace wani ɓangare na Alƙur'ani, kuma shi ne ƙaramin ɗan'uwa bakwai. Ya girma a garinsu tun yana ɗan shekara shida a makarantar firamare. Yana ɗan shekara goma ya sadaukar da kansa ga haddace Alƙur'ani, sannan ya shiga Cibiyar Addini da ke Asyut a shekarar 1945. Sannan ya koma Cibiyar Addini ta Alƙahira a shekarar 1951, kuma a wannan lokacin ya fara rubuta waƙa da buga ta a jaridun Al-Zaman da Al-Ahram . Daga nan ya shiga Jami'ar Dar al-Ulum a shekarar 1954. Ya ci gaba da rubuta waƙoƙi a Dar al-Ulum, kuma ya sami digiri na farko a fannin suka a shekarar 1958, kuma da ƙaruwar sha'awarsa ta ilimi a fannin suka, ya daina rubuta waƙoƙi a shekarar 1960. Ya yi karatun Turanci kuma ya shiga Jami'ar Landan a shekarar 1960 ya kuma sami digiri na uku a shekarar 1965 tare da wasiƙa mai taken "Mata Marubuta da Masu Suka a Masar ta Zamani". [1]

## Aikin rubutu

### Ilimi
Bayan ya dawo Masar a shekarar 1965, ya zama malamin sukar adabi na zamani a Faculty of Dar Al Ulum kuma ya buga labaransa a shekarar 1966. A shekarar 1972, an nada shi mataimakin farfesa a fannin sukar magana da adabi a wannan faculty, inda ya jagoranci sashen tun daga shekarar 1977. Aikinsa na ilimi ya shafi shekarun 1969-1972 yayin da yake farfesa a Faculty of Arts na Jami'ar Algiers . Ya yi aiki a Jami'ar Kuwait na tsawon shekaru biyu, sannan ya koma garinsu a shekarar 1982. 

Ya halarci tarurrukan karawa juna sani na kafofin watsa labarai da kuma dandali na adabi a birnin Alkahira . Ya kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Marubutan Masar tun lokacin da aka kafa ta, haka kuma memba ne na Kwamitin Waƙoƙi na Majalisar Koli ta Al'adu da kuma Kwamitin Tallafawa Farfesa Mataimakansa. 

Ya yi aiki a Faculty of Dar al-Ulum a matsayin shugaban Sashen Magana, Sukar Adabi, da Adabin Kwatanta na Jami'ar Alkahira daga 1973 zuwa 1986, sannan a Jami'ar Amurka ta Alkahira daga 1998 zuwa 2000 a matsayin farfesa, kuma a matsayin wakili mai izini na wannan jami'ar tsakanin 1982-1984. A lokacin da yake Kwalejin Harshen Larabci da ke Alkahira, an zaɓe shi memba a 2008 da kuma mataimakin shugaban ƙasa a 2016, sannan a ranar 9 ga Maris, 2020, aka sake zaɓe shi. 

#### Sukar adabi
Gudummawar da ya bayar ga sukar adabi ta fara ne a tsakiyar shekarun 1960 kuma an san shi da wani fitaccen mai suka tare da wata hanya ta musamman, wadda ke da nufin haɗa nazarin rubutu da yanayin ƙirƙirar adabi.  An san shi a cikin sukar ka'ida fiye da sukar da aka yi amfani da ita.  Ya yi imanin cewa mahaliccin da ke buƙatar mai suka wanda ya koya masa asalin fasaharsa zai gaza nan ba da jimawa ba, kuma mai suka wanda ya haɗu da irin wannan mahalicci mai suka shi ne wanda ya rasa hanyarsa. 

A lokacin karatunsa a Jami'ar Landan, ƙwarewarsa a adabin Larabci da Turanci ta ƙaru, haka kuma ra'ayinsa na nazarin harsuna na rubutun adabi ya ƙaru, wanda rubuce-rubucen TS Eliot suka yi tasiri a kai, wanda ya yi tasiri sosai ga sabbin suka da binciken kimiyya. A wannan lokacin, dangantakarsa da masanin harsuna El-Said Badawi ta ƙaru, kuma yana da kusanci da Mahmoud Mohamed Shaker . 

Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya fara sha'awar sukar waƙoƙi, kuma a shekarar 1962, ya fassara The Lonely Voice, wani bincike kan gajerun labarai da Frank O'Connor ya rubuta. Daga nan ya ba da gudummawa da dama ga wallafe-wallafen Kwalejin Kimiyya, ciki har da mujallu biyu " The Majalla " da "Annals". Ya buga littafinsa "Rubutun Masu Sukar Adabi" a shekarun 1970 kuma ya rubuta takardu na bincike ga mujallu " Al Thaqafa ", "Al-Kitab", " Al-Hilal ", "Al-Mawqif Al-Arabi", " Al-Ahram " da " Al-Akhbar ".

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Mahaifinsa ya rasu a shekarar 1943, sannan mahaifiyarsa ta rasu a shekarar 1954, inda ya bar shi da mummunan rauni. A shekarar 1960, ya yi aure ya koma Birtaniya don ci gaba da karatunsa; yana da 'ya'ya biyu, Mai da Amin. 

## Lambobin yabo da girmamawa
A ranar 19 ga Mayu, 2009, Laburare da Taskar Tarihi na Ƙasa ta Masar suka yi wani biki don girmama shi. 

## Ayyuka
Daga rubuce-rubucensa kan suka: 

* "A cikin Sukar Waƙa" (sunan asali: fy nqd alshr), 1968
* "Karanta Novel: Misalai daga Naguib Mahfouz" ( asalin taken: qrat alrwayt: nmadhj mn njyb mhfwz), 1973 
* "Rubuce-rubucen Sukar Larabci" (sunan asali: nsws mn alnqd alrby), 1977
* "Muƙaloli Masu Muhimmanci" (sunan asali: mqalat nqdyt), 1978
* "Karatun Waƙoƙi" (sunan asali: qrat alshr), 1983 
* "Na Takardun Bankina" (sunan asali: mn awraqy alnqdyt), 1996
* "A cikin Sukar Adabi da makamantansu" (sunan asali: fy alnqd aladby wma alyh), 2001
* "Cikin Iyakokin Adabi" (sunan asali: fy hdwd aladb), 2008

## Manazarta