Sabon Haɗin gwiwar Shirin E-School na Ci gaban Afirka

Sabon Hadin gwiwar ci gaban E-School na Afirka an haɗa shi azaman hanyar samar da kayan aikin ICT kamar kwamfutoci da damar intanet ga dukkan makarantu a cikin kasashe membobin a cikin shirin Sabon Halin Hadin gwiwa don Ci gaban Afirka (NEPAD).  Iyayen NEPAD Shirin E-School kuma shirin tattalin arziki ne wanda ke da niyyar kawo ci gaban tattalin arziki da zamantakewa ga al'ummomin Afirka da tabbatar da 'Sabuntawar Afirka'. [1] Shirin E-School ya fara ne tare da Ayyukan Nuni kuma ya ci gaba da ci gaba duk da haka ya kasance aiki a ci gaba a kasashe da yawa, yana fuskantar zargi da tallafi.

## Tushen da burin
An haɓaka shirin E-School a cikin 2003 a Taron Tattalin Arziki na Afirka . Aikin yana da niyyar samar da kwamfutoci, damar intanet, da sauran Fasahar Bayanai da Sadarwa (ICT)  ga dukkan makarantu a Afirka a cikin shekaru 10, a karkashin yarjejeniyar NEPAD. Babban burin shirin shine fadada ikon dalibai na koyo a makarantu ta hanyar haɗin intanet da damar fasaha. Manufar ita ce ta rufe dukkan makarantun sakandare a cikin shekaru 5 na farkon aiwatarwa da duk makarantun firamare a cikin shekaru 10, jimlar kimanin makarantu 600,000. Wannan wani shiri ne na samar da karin daidaito da samun dama ga ilimi a duk makarantun Afirka. Shirin yana yin hakan ta hanyar kawo dabarun da aka yi amfani da su a wasu wurare, ICT, don samar da ƙarin damar ilimi ga yara na Afirka don samun nasara. Makarantu na NEPAD na musamman ne daga makarantun da ba na NEPAT ba saboda suna da haɗin kai mafi girma na ICTs, suna ba wa yara damar samun ci gaba da ilimi.

A taron koli na tattalin arzikin duniya na Afirka a Cape Town, an sanar da cewa makarantar farko da za ta amfana daga shirin za ta zama makarantar sakandare ta Bugulumbya a ƙauyen Busobya, Uganda . 

## Ayyuka

### Ayyukan Nuni
Mataki na farko a aiwatar da Shirin E-School shine kirkirar 'Ayyukan Nuni' da nufin fahimtar hanyoyin da suka fi tasiri da yanayin daban-daban wanda zai iya faruwa tare da aiwatar da aiwatar da shi. Babban burin waɗannan ayyukan shine nuna "farashi, fa'idodi, dacewa da ƙalubale na cibiyar sadarwar tauraron dan adam" wanda za a aiwatar da shi a ƙarƙashin wannan shirin. Wadannan ayyukan sun kasance karkashin jagorancin "abokan hulɗa masu zaman kansu... AMD, Cisco, HP, Microsoft da Oracle". Kowane ɗayan waɗannan kamfanoni suna da 'ƙungiya' wanda ya ƙunshi wasu kamfanoni da ke aiki a kan shirin.

Makarantu shida daga kasashe 16 na Afirka sun shiga cikin waɗannan Ayyukan Demo,  amma wasu (Kenya, Ghana, Rwanda) suna da saka hannun jari sosai a cikin shirye-shiryen su fiye da wasu.  An yi niyyar aikin Demo ne kawai don ya kasance shekara guda amma ya fuskanci kalubale, wanda ya haifar da tsawo. Manufar aikin ita ce gano 'mafi kyawun ayyuka' na aiwatar da shirin da kuma yadda za a yi hakan yadda ya kamata. Wannan aikin zanga-zangar ya faru ne a kasashe 16 ciki har da: Aljeriya, Burkina Faso, Kamaru, Masar, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Najeriya, Rwanda, Senegal, Afirka ta Kudu da Uganda. Makarantu da ke cikin Ayyukan Nuni sun kuma sami damar amfani da ICT da wuri a cikin matakan gwaji na farko na aikin. [1]

### Sauran shirye-shirye

#### Kenya
An aiwatar da shirin NEPAD E-School a Kenya. An yi binciken daya don kwatanta damar ilmantarwa da albarkatun makarantun sakandare na NEPAD da makarantun sakandaren da ba na NEP AD ba a Kenya. A cikin wannan binciken, matakan hadewar fasahar bayanai da kwamfuta (ICT) da nasarori a fadin larduna shida a Kenya. Masu binciken sun zaɓi makarantu shida na kowane nau'i (NEPAD da wadanda ba NEPAD ba) kuma sun yi amfani da tambayoyin don tantance matakin nasarar makarantu a cikin kwanan nan na makarantun. Sun gano cewa e-learning ya fi nasara a aikace-aikace a makarantun NEPAD tun lokacin da dalibai da malamai a makarantun E-Schools suna da mafi kyawun goyon bayan malamai wajen amfani da e-learnings fiye da makarantun da ba na NEPAD ba.[1]

#### Rwanda
Rwanda ta ga ci gaba a cikin shirye-shiryen makarantarsu a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata. Bugu da ƙari, Rwanda na ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe waɗanda suka karɓi ICT a ƙarƙashin 'Demonstration Project' a cikin 2006 wanda ya ba da damar amfani da sabuwar fasaha a cikin tsarin makaranta mai girma. Amma, wani binciken yana amfani da misalai daga Rwanda don da'awar cewa ba a cika manufofin shirin e-schools ba. Wannan binciken ya ambaci rashin ikon kasar na tallafawa irin wannan shirin mai tsada a cikin al'umma mai tasowa. Makarantu da yawa suna da wahala su yi amfani da ICTs da shirin E-School ya bayar saboda rashin kudade, horar da malamai, da ilimi game da ICTs kansu.

## Tattaunawa da matakai na gaba
Ya zuwa shekara ta 2012, ba a yi canji da yawa ba game da burin Shirin E-School. Kasashen da suka fi samun saka hannun jari na farko a makarantun su ta wannan shirin sun ga mafi nasara tare da shirin. Kasashe da yawa har yanzu suna aiki don aiwatar da shirin da amfani da sabbin fasahohin ICT a cikin tsarin makarantun su amma sau da yawa sun sami wasu cikas, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, a hanyarsu.

Kasashen Afirka matalauta galibi ba sa iya saka hannun jari a cikin shirin don yin canji na ainihi. Shirin yana da tsada kuma kasashe da yawa a Afirka ba su da isasshen kuɗi ko ababen more rayuwa don sanya isasshen saka hannun jari a cikin shirin. Wannan shi ne lamarin a Rwanda, wanda bai iya amfani da albarkatun shirin ba.

Ba a dauki shirin a matsayin gazawar ba amma ya fuskanci cikas da yawa a aiwatar da shi, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a ayyukan zamantakewa a Afirka. A cikin binciken da aka ambata a sama da aka yi a Kenya, masu bincike sun gano daya daga cikin manyan faduwar aiwatar da ICT a makarantun Afirka shine rashin goyon bayan malamai da albarkatu.[1] Ana ba malamai horo na fasaha ta hanyar wannan shirin. Koyaya, galibi ba su da ƙarin amsawar horo da zarar wannan horo ya cika. Ana iya warware wannan ta hanyar ƙarin saka hannun jari a cikin kayan aikin ilimi a mafi mahimman matakai kamar horar da malamai da kudaden makaranta.

Makarantu da yawa sun kuma soki ci gaba da aikin bayan-demo na shirin. Koyaya, don magance wannan, aikin da makarantu da kansu sun yi aiki don ƙirƙirar tsare-tsaren dorewa don shirin da kuma daidaita bukatun tsare-tsare. An ba da shawarar wannan a cikin aikin farko na Demonstration Project don samar da mataki na gaba ga E-schools.

## Manazarta