Kunqu

**Kunqu** ( Chinese ), wanda kuma aka sani da **Kunju** (), **K'un-ch'ü**, **Kun opera** ko **Kunqu Opera**, yana ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin nau'ikan wasan opera na China. Ya kuma samo asali daga waƙar Kunshan na gida, daga baya ya zama ya mamaye gidan wasan kwaikwayo na China daga ƙarni na 16 zuwa na 18. Salon ya samo asali ne daga yankin al'adun Wu. An kuma jera ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Manyan Abubuwan Hidimar Ɗan Adam na Baƙi da Ba Za a Iya Ganewa ba daga UNESCO tun shekarar 2001.  Mujallar zane -zane ta ƙasar Amurka TeRra Magazine ta yaba Kunqu ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun zane -zane na nishaɗi. 

## Tarihi

An ce an bunƙasa fasahar waƙar Kunqu a lokacin daular Ming ta Wei Liang Fu a tashar Taicang, amma tana da alaƙa da waƙoƙin Kunshan da ke kusa.  Wasan Kunqu yana da alaƙa da haɗin gwiwa tare da wasan kwaikwayon sauran salon wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗan Sinawa, gami da kuma wasan opera na Peking, wanda ya ƙunshi wasan Kunqu da yawa. Fitowar *wasan kwaikwayo na chuanqi*, wanda aka saba yiwa Kunqu, an ce ya haifar da "Zamanin Zinare na biyu na wasan kwaikwayo na Sin". Ƙungiyoyin Kunqu sun sami koma bayan kasuwanci a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19. Koyaya, a farkon ƙarni na 20, masu ba da agaji sun sake kafa Kunqu a matsayin nau'in wasan kwaikwayo wanda daga baya gwamnatin gurguzu ta ba da tallafi. Kamar dukkan nau'ikan gargajiya, Kunqu ya sami koma -baya duka a lokacin Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu sannan kuma a ƙarƙashin shigar da al'adun Yammacin Turai yayin manufofin Gyarawa da Buɗewa, kawai don fuskantar farkawa mafi girma a cikin sabon ƙarni. A yau, Kunqu yana yin sana'a a manyan biranen China guda bakwai: Beijing ( Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Kunqu na Arewa ), Shanghai ( gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Kunqu na Shanghai ), Suzhou ( Suzhou Kunqu Theater ), Nanking ( lardin Jiangsu Kun Opera ), Chenzhou ( gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Hunan Kunqu ), Yongjia County / Wenzhou ( gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Yongjia Kunqu ) da Hangzhou ( gidan wasan kwaikwayon Kunqu na lardin Zhejiang ), haka kuma a Taipei . Ƙungiyoyin wasan opera da ba ƙwararru ba suna aiki a wasu biranen da yawa a China da ƙasashen waje, kuma kamfanonin opera sukan zagaya wani lokaci.

Akwai kuma wasan kwaikwayo da yawa waɗanda ke ci gaba da shahara a yau, ciki har da *The Peony Pavilion* da *The Peach Blossom Fan*, waɗanda asali an rubuta su don matakin Kunqu. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin litattafan gargajiya da labarai na Sinawa, kamar *Soyayya na Masarautu Uku*, *Ruwa na Ruwa* da *Tafiya zuwa Yammacin Turai* an daidaita su da wuri zuwa cikin abubuwan ban mamaki.

A shekara ta 1919 Mei Lanfang da Han Shichang, shahararrun masu wasan *kunqu*, sun yi tattaki zuwa Japan don ba da wasanni. A cikin shekarun 1930 Mei ya yi *kunqu* a Amurka da Tarayyar Sobiyat kuma ya samu karbuwa sosai. 

Kidlɗarsa ko waƙar sa na ɗaya daga cikin manyan Waƙoƙin Hali guda huɗu a wasan opera na China.

A cikin 2006, Zhou Bing ta kasance mai samarwa da kuma darektan fasaha na *KunQu* (Kun Opera) na shekarun jima'i. Ta ci lambar yabo ta musamman ta lambar yabo ta lambar yabo ta lambar yabo ta Eagle ta China ta 24; ta ci lambar yabo ta Fasahar Fasaha ta TV na lambar yabo ta 21 na Starlight don 2006.

## Labarai

* *Gidan Peony* ( Tang Xianzu )
* *Mai Fannin Furen Peach* ( Kong Shangren )
* *Fadar Tsawon Rayuwa* ( Hong Sheng )
* *Farin Maciji*
* *Yankin Yammacin Turai* (sigar Kudanci, an daidaita ta daga Wang Shifu 's zaju )
* *Rashin Adalcin da aka yi wa Dou E* (wanda aka samo daga Guan Hanqing 's zaju )
* *Kite* ( Li Yu )

## Masu wasan kwaikwayo

* Tang Xianzu
* Kong Shangren
* Li Yau
* Hong Shin
* Feng Menglong

## Masu yi

* Mei Lanfang
* Yu Zhenfei
* Zhang Jiqing
* Wang Shiyu
* Yau Meiti
* Liang Guyin
* Cai Zhengren
* Ji Zhenhua
* Hua Wenyi
* Qian Yi
* Yan Huizhu
* Zhang Juna

## Nassoshi

## Kara karantawa

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* UNESCO Al'adun Gargajiya na Dan Adam Kunqu Opera
* Kamfanin Kunqu, Inc.
* Kamfanin Kunqu Arts, Inc.
* Menene Kunqu Theater ?