June Bacon-Bercey

**Yuni Esther Bacon-Bercey** (wacce aka haifa a **Griffin**, 23 ga Oktoba, 1928 - 3 ga Yuli, 2019) ƙwararriyar ƙwararriya ce ta Amurka a fannin yanayi da jiragen sama  wacce ta yi aiki a Hukumar Kula da Teku da Yanayi ta Ƙasa, Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Ƙasa da Hukumar Makamashin Atomic . 

Ita ce mace ta farko 'yar asalin Afirka da ta sami digiri a fannin nazarin yanayi kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta yi karatun digiri a fannin nazarin yanayi a talabijin wadda ta samu horo a fannin nazarin yanayi a Amurka.    

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Bacon-Bercey kuma ta girma a Wichita, Kansas, a shekarar 1928.    Mahaifinta lauya ne kuma mahaifiyarta malamar kiɗa.  Mahaifinta ya mutu lokacin da take ƙarama, mahaifiyarta kuma ta sake yin aure ta ƙaura zuwa Florida, inda ta bar goggo da kawunta suka rene ta.  Ita yarinya ce tilo da ta ji daɗin hawa keke, hawa dutse, buga piano, da kuma shiga ayyukan 'yan mata.  Ana yaba wa wata malamar kimiyyar lissafi ta makarantar sakandare saboda lura da sha'awar Bacon-Bercey ga ƙaura da kuma yawan ruwa da kuma ƙarfafa ta ta bi sahun aikin nazarin yanayi. 

Ta fara zuwa wata kwaleji mai zaman kanta kusa da gida da niyyar yin babban digiri a fannin lissafi, amma ta bar Jami'ar Friends bayan shekaru biyu don neman digiri a fannin yanayi.  Daga nan ta halarci kuma ta sami digirin farko a shekarar 1954 daga Jami'ar California, Los Angeles (UCLA), wacce a wancan lokacin take ɗaya daga cikin makarantu kaɗan a ƙasar da suka ba da digiri na shekaru huɗu a fannin kimiyyar yanayi.    Ta fuskanci adawa da kuma karaya a ƙoƙarinta na neman digirin ilimin yanayi, kamar yadda ta faɗa a wata hira ta 1977 ga wani labarin *Baltimore Sun*, "Lokacin da na zaɓi babban digirina, mai ba ni shawara, wanda har yanzu yana UCLA, ya ba ni shawara in shiga fannin tattalin arziki na gida... Na sami digiri na D a fannin tattalin arziki na gida da kuma digiri na A a fannin thermodynamics ."   Bacon-Bercey ta zama mace 'yar Afirka ta farko da aka ba wa digirin ilimin yanayi daga UCLA.  

Ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin gudanar da harkokin jama'a (MPA) daga Makarantar Jarida ta Jami'ar Kudancin California a shekarar 1979. Tana da shekaru 59, ta sami takardar shaidar koyarwa don ta iya yin aiki a matsayin malamar agaji ta gunduma don darussan lissafi da kimiyya na firamare da sakandare. Ta koyar har zuwa lokacin da ta kai shekaru 80, tare da aikinta na ƙarshe a Makarantar Sakandare ta Westmoor da ke Daly City, California .

## Sana'a
Ba da daɗewa ba bayan kammala karatunsa, Bacon-Bercey ya koma Washington, DC, don samun matsayi a matsayin mai nazarin yanayi da mai hasashen yanayi tare da Cibiyar Yanayi ta Ƙasa,    wanda yanzu aka sani da Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Ƙasa ta Teku da Yanayi ta Ƙasa. 

Bacon-Bercey ta ci gaba da aikinta a matsayin injiniya, lokacin da ta yi aiki a Kamfanin Sperry,  sannan ta yi aiki a ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na tarayya ciki har da Hukumar Makamashin Atomic ta Amurka . Ta karɓi mukamin babbar mai ba da shawara a Hukumar Makamashin Atomic a shekarar 1959 saboda sha'awarta ta fahimtar tasirin hydrogen da bama-bamai na atomic a sararin samaniyar Duniya.  Yayin da take cikin wannan matsayin, ta yi nazarin yanayin fashewar da fashewar nukiliya ke haifarwa. 

A shekarun 1960, Bacon-Bercey ta sake komawa NOAA a ofisoshinta na birnin New York a matsayin masanin yanayin yanayi na radar, yayin da take karatun aikin jarida a Jami'ar New York .    A shekarar 1970, Bacon-Bercey ta yi aiki a Buffalo, NY a matsayin mai kula da yanayi, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama mace ta farko da ta yi fice a fannin yanayi a kasar. 

A shekarar 1971, ta shiga WGR-TV a matsayin mai ba da rahoto kan labarai, inda ta bayar da rahoto kan rikicin gidan yarin Attica .  A shekarar 1972, ta zama mai ba da shawara kan yanayi a tashar bayan da aka kama tsohon mai ba da shawara kan yanayi bisa laifin fashi da makami a banki .  Bayan watanni hudu kacal a tashar, Bacon-Bercey ya zama babban mai ba da shawara kan yanayi a tashar.   

Tun daga shekarar 1979, Bacon-Bercey ya shafe kusan shekaru goma a matsayin babban jami'in gudanarwa na Ayyukan Yanayi na Talabijin a Hukumar Kula da Teku da Yanayi ta Kasa (NOAA) yayin da yake aiki a matsayin masanin yanayin yanayi na jiragen sama da kuma koyar da sabbin fasahohi ga masu hasashen yanayi.   

Ƙara shigar mata 'yan Afirka a fannin ilimin yanayi da kimiyyar ƙasa babban abin da Bacon-Bercey ya fi mayar da hankali a kai ne. A shekarar 1978, ta buga wani bincike kan masana kimiyyar yanayi na Afirka a Amurka.  Ta lashe dala $64,000 a matsayin wacce ta fafata a *gasar Tambayar $128,000* a shekarar 1977, wadda ta yi amfani da ita wajen kafa asusun tallafin karatu ga mata matasa masu sha'awar kimiyyar yanayi, wanda Ƙungiyar Nazarin Ƙasa ta Amurka (AGU) ta gudanar.   Daga 1978-1990, mata 13 (ɗaliban digiri 12, ɗalibi na farko 1) sun sami dala $400-$500 na tallafin karatu daga tallafin karatu na Yuni Bacon-Bercey na AGU a fannin Kimiyyar Yanayi ga Mata.   Wannan tallafin karatu, wanda aka sake kafa shi a shekarar 2021 ta hanyar tallafi daga masu ba da gudummawa na AGU, dangin Bacon-Bercey da AccuWeather, yana ba da dala $1,000 kowace shekara don girmama nasarorin da masanin kimiyya ya samu a matakin aikinsa.  Tun daga shekarar 2021, mata huɗu sun sami tallafin karatu. 

Bacon-Bercey ta yi aiki a Kwamitin Mata da Ƙananan Yara a Kimiyyar Yanayi na AGU.   Tare da Warren M. Washington, ta haɗu da kafa Kwamitin Mata da Ƙananan Yara na Ƙungiyar Yanayi ta Amurka, wanda aka sake masa suna Kwamitin Wakilci, Samun Dama, Haɗawa da Bambanci (BRAID) a shekarar 2020.    Bugu da ƙari, ta yi aiki a kwamitin gudanarwa na Ƙungiyar Ƙasa don Ci Gaban Ƙwararrun Baƙar fata . 

A shekara ta 2006, an nuna Bacon-Bercey a cikin wani littafi ga matasa, *June Bacon-Bercey: masanin yanayi ya yi magana game da yanayi* . 

## Daraja
Bacon-Bercey ita ce mace ta farko, da kuma Bakar fata 'yar Amurka ta farko, da aka ba ta lambar yabo ta Ƙungiyar Yanayi ta Amurka saboda ƙwarewa a watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin lokacin da take aiki a WGR a Buffalo, New York, a shekarun 1970.  

Bacon-Bercey ita ce mace ta farko 'yar Afirka-Amurka, kuma mace ta farko 'yar Afirka-Amurka, mamba a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta New York . 

A shekarar 2000, an karrama ta a lokacin wani taro na kwana uku a Jami'ar Howard saboda gudummawar da ta bayar, ciki har da: taimakawa wajen kafa dakin gwaje- gwajen yanayi a Jami'ar Jihar Jackson da ke Mississippi a shekarar 1980,  baiwar da ta bayar wajen bayar da tallafin karatu, da kuma aikinta a makarantun gwamnati na California .  An kuma nada Bacon-Bercey a matsayin jagorar tsiraru don cimma nasara a Kimiyyar Yanayi ta NASA . 

Tun daga shekarar 2021, an sanya wa ƙungiyar hasashen yanayi ta Amurka lambar yabo ta June Bacon-Bercey Award don nazarin hasashen yanayi. Wannan lambar yabo ta karrama masanin hasashen yanayi na watsa shirye-shirye saboda "gudummawar da ya bayar na dogon lokaci ga al'umma, ko kuma saboda kyakkyawan aiki a lokacin wani yanayi na musamman."  

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An auri Bacon-Bercey sau uku ga Walker Bacon Jr., John Bercey da George Brewer.  Tana da 'ya'ya mata biyu. 

Bacon-Bercey ta mutu a lokacin da take kula da marasa lafiya a Burlingame, California, sakamakon cutar dementia ta frontotemporal a ranar 3 ga Yuli, 2019, tana da shekaru 90.  An sanar da mutuwarta bayan watanni shida. 

## Manazarta ta