Rashin lafiya

Hypocalcemia wani yanayi ne na kiwon lafiya wanda ke nuna ƙananan matakan calcium a cikin jini. Yankin al'ada na calcium na jini yawanci yana tsakanin 2.1-2.6 

L (8.8-10.7 mg / dL, 4.3-5.2 mEq / L), yayin da matakan da ke ƙasa da 2.1 mmol / l an bayyana su a matsayin hypocalcemic. Ƙananan matakan da ke tasowa a hankali sau da yawa ba su da alamun bayyanar cututtuka. In ba haka ba alamun na iya haɗawa da Rashin ƙarfi, spasms na tsoka, convulsions, rikicewa, ko a cikin matsanancin yanayin dakatar da zuciya.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Dalilin da ya fi dacewa da hypocalcemia shine iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism. Sauran dalilai sun haɗa da wasu nau'ikan hypoparathyroidism, karancin bitamin D, gazawar koda, pancreatitis, mai hana tashar calcium, rhabdomyolysis, ciwon lysis, da magunguna kamar bisphosphonates ko denosumab. Ya kamata a tabbatar da ganewar asali ta hanyar tantance matakin calcium da aka gyara ko matakin calcium mai ionized. Hakanan ana iya ganin takamaiman canje-canje a kan electrocardiogram (ECG). 

Magani na farko don cututtuka masu tsanani shine tare da intravenous calcium chloride kuma mai yiwuwa Magnesium_sulfate" id="mwhA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Magnesium sulfate">magnesium sulfate. Sauran jiyya na iya haɗawa da Bitamin D, magnesium, da kari na calcium. Idan saboda hypoparathyroidism, ana iya ba da shawarar hydrochlorothiazide, phosphate binders, da kuma abincin gishiri. Kimanin kashi 18% na mutanen da ake kula da su a asibiti suna da hypocalcemia.

## Alamomi da alamomi

Alamun neuromuscular na hypocalcemia suna haifar da sakamako mai kyau na bathmotropic (watau ƙara yawan amsawa) saboda raguwar hulɗar calcium tare da tashoshi na sodium.  Tun da calcium yana toshe tashoshin sodium kuma yana hana depolarization na jijiyoyi da filaye na tsoka, rage yawan calcium yana rage kofa don ƙaddamarwa.[1]  Ana iya tunawa da alamun ta hanyar mnemonic "CATs go numb" - jujjuyawa, arrhythmias, tetany, da lanƙwasa a hannaye da ƙafafu da kewayen baki.  [

## Dalilan da suka haifar
Hypoparathyroidism shine cuta mai  gama gari na hypocalcemia.]  Calcium an tsara shi sosai ta hanyar hormone parathyroid (PTH).  Dangane da ƙananan matakan calcium, matakan PTH sun tashi, kuma akasin haka, idan akwai matakan calcium mai girma, to, asirin PTH ya ragu.  Duk da haka, a cikin yanayin rashin, raguwa, ko rashin tasiri na hormone PTH, jiki ya rasa wannan aikin kulawa, kuma hypocalcemia yana faruwa.  Hypoparathyroidism yawanci saboda lalata glandan parathyroid na tiyata.[1]  Hypoparathyroidism na iya zama saboda matsalar autoimmune.  Wasu dalilai na hypocalcemia sune kamar haka:

## Ilimin jiki
A fannin ilimin lissafi, ana sarrafa calcium na jini sosai a cikin wani yanki mai zurfi don hanyoyin salula masu kyau. Calcium a cikin jini yana cikin manyan jihohi guda uku: an ɗaure shi da sunadarai (musamman albumin), an ɗaure su da anions kamar phosphate da citrate, kuma a matsayin kyauta (marasa ɗaurewa) calcium ionized. Sai kawai calcium da ba a haɗa shi ba ne ke aiki a cikin jiki. Matsayin calcium na jini na yau da kullun yana tsakanin 8.5 da 10.5 MG / dl (2.12 zuwa 2.62 mmol / L) kuma na calcium wanda ba a haɗa shi ba shine 4.65 zuwa 5.25 MG / dl (1.16 zuwa 1.31 mmol / l). &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

### Hanyar aiki
Matakan Ca2+ na waje suna daidaita yanayin buɗewa na Tashoshin sodium masu ƙarfin lantarki, mai yiwuwa ta hanyar ɗaurewa a kan ɓangaren waje na tashar, don haka canza cajin lantarki na gida a tashar. Tare da raguwar matakan Ca2 + na extracellular, tashoshin Na + za su iya buɗewa a ci gaba da ƙarancin membrane, wanda ke haifar da tashin hankali. Lokacin da extracellular Ca2 + concentrations ya kai rabin na al'ada, wuce gona da iri na tashoshin Na + ya isa ya sa wasu jijiyoyin da ke kewaye su fara fitarwa ba tare da la'akari ba.

Saboda wani bangare mai mahimmanci na calcium yana ɗaure zuwa albumin, duk wani canji a matakin albumin zai shafi matakin da aka auna na calcium. Matsayin calcium da aka gyara bisa ga matakin albumin shine: Calcium da aka yi gyara (mg / dL) = auna jimlar Ca (mg / dl) + 0.8 * (4.0 - serum albumin [g / dL]). 

Since calcium is also bound to small anions, it may be more useful to correct total calcium for both albumin and the anion gap.

## Gudanarwa

* Ana iya gudanar da gluconate 10% na calcium a cikin jini, ko kuma idan hypocalcaemia yana da tsanani, ana ba da calcium chloride a maimakon haka. Wannan ya dace ne kawai idan hypocalcemia yana da tsanani kuma ya faru a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Amma idan hypocalcemia ya kasance mai tsanani kuma mai tsanani, to wannan tsarin na iya zama mai kisa, saboda akwai matakin daidaitawa da ke faruwa. Rashin tashin hankali na neuromuscular, rashin daidaituwa na lantarki na zuciya, da alamun da ke tattare da su ba a warke su ba ko kuma a sauƙaƙe su ta hanyar gudanar da sassan gyaran calcium amma sun kara tsanantawa. Irin wannan saurin gudanar da calcium zai haifar da ingantaccen gyare-gyare - alamun hypercalcemia zasu biyo baya. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>
* Koyaya, a kowane yanayi, sassan kiyayewa na duka calcium da bitamin D (sau da yawa kamar 1,<sub>2</sub>- (OH) 2-D<sub>3</sub>, watau, calcitriol) sau da yawa suna da muhimmanci don hana ci gaba da raguwa. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

* Rashin zazzabin madara (hypocalcemia a cikin dabbobi) 
* Rashin calcium (rashin lafiya na shuka) 
* Hypomagnesemia tare da hypocalcemia na biyu