Zoe Leonard

**Zoe Leonard** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1961) me Zane ce yar Amurka ne wanda take aiki da farko tare da daukar hoto da sassaka.Ta baje kolin ta daga ƙarshen 1980s kuma an haɗa aikinta a cikin nune-nune da yawa da suka haɗa da Documenta IX da Documenta XII da shekara ta 1993, 1997 da 2014 Whitney biennials . An ba ta kyautar Guggenheim Fellowship a cikin 2020.

## Kuruciya

An haifi Leonard a cikin shekarar 1961 a Liberty, New York .  Mahaifiyar Leonard ’yar gudun hijira ce ’yar Poland wacce aka haifa a Warsaw,ta yi hijira zuwa Amurka tana da shekara 9 a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu.iyalan mahaifiyarta masu arziƙine masu mulkin mallaka ne na Poland waɗanda ke da hannu a yunkurin neman ’yancin kai na Poland da Resistance na Poland. An kashe yawancin membobin layin mahaifiyar Leonard a lokacin yakin. Duk da cewa ba Yahudawa ba ne ’yan Nazi sun tsananta wa dangin mahaifiyarta don hamayyarsu ga Nazi da kuma kishin ƙasarsu ta Poland. Leonard ta bayyana cewa kakarta"da gaske an saka hannun jari a cikin wannan ra'ayin cewa har yanzu mu ne aristocracy"kodayake danginta suna rayuwa cikin talauci a Harlem. Tana da shekaru 16,ta bar makaranta kuma ta fara daukar hotuna. Ta shafe mafi yawan rayuwarta ta girma tana zaune a birnin New York, wanda ginin muhalli ya kasance batun yawancin ayyukanta (misali titi,kantuna, gine-ginen gidaje,shinge, rubutu,da tagogi masu hawa. Leonard ta zama sananniya a duniya bayan shigarwarta a Documenta IX a 1992.

## Sana'a
Daga farkon Hotunanta na sararin sama zuwa hotunanta na kayan tarihi, ƙirar jikin mutum, da kayan zamani, yawancin ayyukan Leonard suna yin nuni akan tsarawa, rarrabawa, da odar hangen nesa.Ta bayyana a cikin wata hira da cewa: "Maimakon kowane batu ko nau'i (tsarin ƙasa, hoto, har yanzu rayuwa, da dai sauransu)na kasance ina sha'awar yin tambayoyi guda ɗaya na duka batutuwa da ma'ana, dangantaka tsakanin mai kallo da duniya. - a takaice,batun da kuma yadda yake sanar da kwarewarmu game da duniya."

Leonard ta kasance mai fafutuka cikin ba da shawarwari kan cutar kanjamau da siyasa a New York a cikin 1980s da 1990s. A cikin 1992 ta rubuta "Ina son shugaban kasar waka.

waƙar da Eileen Myles ya yi ta takarar shugaban ƙasa.

A cikin 1995 ta gudanar da wani nuni a ɗakin studio ɗin da ke Lower East Side na Manhattan wanda ya ƙunshi aikin *Strange Fruit*, shigarwa na batun 'ya'yan itace daban-daban (lemu, ayaba, innabi, lemun tsami) wanda Leonard ta ajiye sannan ta dinka tare da hannu tare da waya da kuma zaren. An sadaukar da *<nowiki/>'ya'yan itace mai ban sha'awa* ga abokin Leonard da abokin aikin fasaha, David Wojnarowicz, wanda ya mutu a 1992.  Ya girma daga cikin martani mai zurfi na sirri game da asarar cutar kanjamau kuma a matsayin tunani kan makoki, ya zama aikin seminal na 1990s. An nuna *<nowiki/>'ya'yan itace mai ban mamaki* a cikin 1998 a Gidan Tarihi na Philadelphia, inda yake zaune a halin yanzu. 

A cikin tsakiyar 1990s Leonard ta shafe shekaru biyu tana zaune a wani yanki mai nisa na Alaska, ƙwarewar da ta shafi yawancin ayyukanta na baya,wanda sau da yawa yakan haifar da dangantaka tsakanin mutane da duniyar halitta. Bishiyoyi suna da tushe a cikin aikin Leonard: misalan sun haɗa da bishiyar "sake ginawa"da ta girka a cikin Vienna's Secession a 1997 da kuma hotuna masu yawa na bishiyoyin birane da aka yi da sarkar da shingen waya.

Leonard ta fara aiki a *Taskar Hoto na Fae Richards* a cikin 1993 bayan darekta Cheryl Dunye ya tuntube ta don ƙirƙirar tarihin almara na Dunye na 1996 na almara *The Watermelon Woman*, wanda fitacciyar jaruma Cheryl, wanda Dunye ya buga,ya nemi tarihin baƙar fata 'yar madigo.mai nishadantarwa Fae Richards. Hotunan, waɗanda Leonard ta yi amfani da su da hannu don bayyana sun tsufa,ana amfani da su azaman abin talla a cikin fim ɗin kuma an haɗa su cikin 1997 Whitney Biennial.

Tsakanin 1998 da 2009, Leonard ta yi aiki a kan *Analogue*, wani babban aikin da ya ƙunshi shigarwa na 412 C-prints da gelatin azurfa kwafi  (a cikin tarin The Museum of Modern Art, New York da Reina Sofia, Madrid),  da babban fayil na kwafin canza launin rini guda 40. Tasirin Eugène Atget da Walker Evans amma an haife su daga sake nazarin aikin daukar hoto na karni na 21, *Analogue* tayi nazarin sauye-sauye a cikin ayyukan aiki na dunye,kasuwanci,

da zamantakewa a cikin layi daya tare da sauyawa daga analog zuwa yin hoto na dijital. Holland Cotter ya bayyana kwarewar aikin a cikin *[[New York Times]]* a cikin 2009:

"A cikin hotunanta kai tsaye na kantuna, tsarin takalma ko kayan da aka nannade ya zama rayuwar banza.Alamar shagon fentin hannu ta zama abin relic.A kan hotuna da yawa,muna jin cewa wata unguwa da ba a bayyana sunanta ba - Ms. Leonard ta fadada aikinta na filin har zuwa Gabashin Harlem, Bedford-Stuyvesant da Crown Heights - tana tattara kayan aiki don barin. Al'adar abin duniya tana yin aikin banza.Kuma ina kayan ke tafiya? Komawa ga sigar duniyar da ta fito. Yawancin kayayyakin da aka yankewa da ake sayar da su a shagunan Yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya sun samo asali ne daga shagunan zufa na birane a China da Pakistan kuma a ƙarshe ana ba da su a matsayin rara ga sauran biranen matalauta na Afirka da Amurka ta Tsakiya.A cikin ginshiƙi na hotuna a cikin Analogue muna bin tufafin da aka sake sarrafa daga Brooklyn zuwa birnin Kampala na Uganda,inda ake sayar da su a matsayin sababbi a cikin shaguna kamar Money Is Life House of Garments." 

## nune-nunen
An fara nuna *Analogue* a cikin 2007 a Cibiyar Wexner don Arts a Columbus, Ohio, da kuma a Documenta XII a Kassel, Jamus, tare da gabatarwa a Villa Arson a Nice, da Dia a Ƙungiyar Hispanic da Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani a Sabon.York kuma an haɗa shi a cikin wani balaguro na aikin Leonard wanda ya samo asali a cikin 2007 a Fotomuseum Winterthur, kuma daga baya ta yi tafiya zuwa Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia, Madrid; MuMOK - Gidan kayan tarihi na zamani Kunst Stifting Ludwig, Vienna; da Pinakothek der Moderne, Munich. *Analogue* yana cikin tarin The Museum of Modern Art, New York da Reina Sofia, Madrid.

Abubuwan nune-nunen na baya-bayan nan sun haɗa da *Kun ga Ina nan Bayan Duka* a Dia: Beacon (2009) wanda ya ƙunshi saitin katuna na 3883 na waterfalls, wanda ke tunawa da tarin Katunan Rapture na Yokoo Tadanori na Waterfall Rapture na 13,000, ɗaya daga cikinsu yana ɗauka.kalmar "Kun Gani Ina Nan Bayan Duk"wanda mai sukar Jonathan Flatley ya haɗu da aikin On Kawara's telegrams wanda ya karanta "I AM STILL LIVE"  An kuma nuna wannan aikin a Whitney a cikin 2018 na Leonard. Sauran nune-nunen kamar *Serialities* a Hauser &amp;amp; Wirth, Observation Point  Archived   , Camden Arts Center, London (2012), shigarwa a Chinati Foundation, Marfa,Texas (2013-2014) da 2014 Whitney Biennial, wanda Leonard ya lashe lambar yabo ta Bucksbaum tare da aikinta "945 Madison Avenue". A cikin 2018, Gidan Tarihi na Whitney na Amurka ya hau Leonard na farkon aikinta na baya-bayan nan a Amurka, nunin da Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani, Los Angeles ya shirya,inda wasan kwaikwayon tayi tafiya a ƙarshen 2018.  

## Sauran ayyukan
Rubutun Leonard, marubuciya mai basira da tunani mai mahimmanci a kan horo na daukar hoto, sun bayyana a cikin *LTTR*, *Oktoba*, da *Texte zur Kunst*, kuma a cikin 'yan kwanan nan a kan Agnes Martin, James Castle da Josiah McElheny .

Baya ga yin aiki a kan fasaharta, Leonard tana aiki a hukumar ba da shawara ta Cibiyar Hauser & Wirth tun daga 2018. 

## Labarai

* 1991 - *Bayani: Zoe Leonard* (tare da rubutu ta Jutta Koether), Galerie Gisela Capitain, Cologne | ASIN Saukewa: B005MJ5M9I
* 1995 - ' *Ya'yan itace mai ban mamaki*, Paula Cooper Gallery, NY | ASIN B0006PFWNY
* 1997 - *Zoe Leonard*, Kunsthalle Basel, Basel
* 1997 - *Zoe Leonard*, (tare da hira da Anna Blume ), Secession, Vienna
* 1998 - *Zoe Leonard*, (tare da rubutu ta Elisabeth Lebovici), Cibiyar National de la photographie, Paris
* 2007 - *Analogue*, Cibiyar Wexner don Arts, Columbus, OH, MIT Press | 
* 2008 - *Zoe Leonard: Hotuna* (tare da rubutun Svetlana Alpers, Elisabeth Lebovici, Urs Stahel), Fotomuseum Winterthur, Steidl | 
* 2010 - *Kun ga Ina nan Bayan Duk* (tare da rubutun Ann Reynolds, Angela Miller, Lytle Shaw, da Lynne Cooke) *,* Dia Art Foundation, New York; Jami'ar Yale Press, New Haven, CT da London, UK | 
* 2014 – *Akwai Haske*, Ridinghouse / Foxes na rawa, London, UK da Brooklyn
* 2017 - *Ina son shugaban kasa: Kwafi na Rally* (tare da gudummawar Sharon Hayes, Wu Tsang, Mel Elberg, Eileen Myles, Pamela Sneed, Fred Moten & Stefano Harney, Alexandro Segade, Layli Long Soldier, Malik Gaines, da Justin Vivian Bond & Nath Ann Carrera), Dancing Foxes Press | 
* 2018 - *Zoe Leonard: Bincike*, Gidan kayan gargajiya na Art na zamani, Los Angeles | 

## Ganewa
An ba Leonard lambar yabo ta Bucksbaum a cikin 2014 daga Gidan Tarihi na Whitney  kuma Anonymous ta kasance lambar yabo ta mace a 2005. Ta sami Guggenheim Fellowship a cikin 2020.

## Nassoshi