Royal Botanical Gardens (Ontario)

**Lambunan Sararin Samaniya** ( **RBG** ) lambu ne da aka lissafa a cikin kayan tarihi wanda ke cikin biranen Burlington da Hamilton a Ontario, Kanada.  Ya ƙunshi wurare masu yawa da aka kiyaye muhalli, wuraren tarihi, da lambuna masu dacewa da al'adu daga Burlington zuwa Hamilton. Yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren shakatawa na yawon buɗe ido tsakanin Niagara Falls da Toronto,  da kuma kasancewa muhimmiyar albarkatun noma na gida da na yanki, ilimi, kiyayewa, da kimiyya.

Umarnin Lambunan Sarauta na Botanical ya samo asali ne daga Dokar Lardi ta 1941, wacce ta mayar da hankali kan hulɗar ɗan adam da duniyar halitta da kuma kare ƙasashe masu mahimmanci ga muhalli waɗanda ke samar da ƙarshen yammacin Tafkin Ontario . Lambunan sun mamaye yanki mai nisan kilomita 10 da nisan kilomita 4 wanda ke da mamaye wurare biyu na dausayi a bakin teku, da kuma shimfidar wurare da aka sassaka a lokacin ƙanƙarar ƙarshe, wanda ya miƙe daga Tafkin Ontario zuwa tudun Niagara Escarpment . Ana samun damar shiga lambuna da wurare daban-daban ta wurare tara na shiga jama'a. Lambunan Sarauta na Botanical yana ɗaya daga cikin Jikunan Jama'a da aka tsara a ƙarƙashin Dokar Gado ta Ontario .

A shekara ta 2006, don tallafawa Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Bambancin Halittu, an zaɓi Royal Botanical Gardens a matsayin *Cibiyar Kula* da Dabara ta Duniya ta Kanada don Tsarin Kare Shuke-shuke na Duniya (GSPC) ta Muhalli da Sauyin Yanayi na Kanada. 

 na wurin ajiye namun daji mallakar Royal Botanical Gardens galibi ragowar Dundas Marsh Game Preserve ne da aka ƙirƙira a shekarar 1927. Kayayyakin yanzu suna ɗauke da sunaye da yawa na al'adu da muhalli. Ana danganta waɗannan siffofi na tarihi na ƙasa da yanki, inda wurin ya bayyana a matsayin wurin saukar da haɗi zuwa wasu yankuna na Manyan Tafkuna . Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin muhimmin *wurin da ake samun nau'ikan halittu na shuke-shuke* ga Kanada, tare da babban kaso na shuke-shuken daji na Kanada a yanki ɗaya; yanki ne mai mahimmanci na Tsuntsaye bisa ga Nazarin Tsuntsaye Kanada ;  kuma ɓangare ne na Niagara Escarpment World Biosphere Reserve .  Fiye da nau'ikan shuke-shuke 1,100 suna girma a cikin iyakokinta, gami da Bashful Bulrush (*Trichophorum planifolium*) wanda ba a samunsa a ko'ina a Kanada, kuma mafi yawan mutanen da suka rage na ɗaya daga cikin bishiyoyin da ke fuskantar barazanar rayuwa a Kanada, Red Mulberry ( *Morus rubra* ). Duk waɗannan tsire-tsire an jera su a matsayin Masu Haɗari a Kanada a ƙarƙashin Dokar Nau'in da ke cikin Hadari .   A shekarar 2008, CARCNET, Cibiyar Kula da Ambulan da Dabbobi ta Kanada, ta sanya RBG a matsayin Muhimmin Yankin Amphibians da Reptile Area. Ana ajiye tsire-tsire da dama da aka lissafa a cikin shirye-shiryen Kare Nau'in Dabbobi Masu Fuskantar Barazana daban-daban don kariya da ilimi a wurare daban-daban na lambu.

Ba kamar yadda aka saba ba, Lambunan Botanical na Royal sune ke da ƙasar da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa mai mahimmanci ta Class 1 Wetland,  Cootes Paradise,  da Grindstone Marsh, da kuma mai kula da ayyukan ruwa a kan ruwa, duk da cewa ita ce mashigar Tafkin Ontario. Dokokin ayyukan ruwa a da suna ƙarƙashin Hukumar Harbour ta Hamilton (Yanzu Hamilton Oshawa Port Authority) a matsayin wani ɓangare na dokokin tashoshin jiragen ruwa na tarihi na yankin. A ƙarshen shekarun 1970, Hukumar Harbour da Lambunan Botanical na Royal sun yi yarjejeniya don mayar da dokokin amfani da yankin ruwa zuwa Lambunan don tallafawa umarnin kare muhalli. Duk da haka, Lambunan Botanical na Royal ba su da ikon kula da ingancin ruwan da ke kwarara zuwa yankunan dausayin.

## Tarihi

Lambunan Sararin Samaniya sun haɓaka a matsayin wani tsari a cikin shekarun 1920 a ƙarƙashin Hukumar Gudanar da Shakatawa ta Birnin Hamilton, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Thomas McQuesten . Da farko an tsara lambun tsirrai da aka tsara a gefen kudu na Cootes Paradise Marsh da ke kewaye da harabar Hamilton na Jami'ar McMaster . Lambun tsirrai da aka tsara zai kuma kare wurare masu faɗi a gefen dausayi. 

An sami izini na hukuma a shekarar 1930 daga Sarki George na Biyar don kiran lambunan da "Gidajen Furannin Dabbobi na Sarauta".  A daidai lokacin da ake la'akari da shawarar lambunan fure, Birnin Hamilton yana gudanar da wani gagarumin shiri na ƙawata tsaunukan Burlington da ke kusa. Aikin Shiga Hamilton na Arewa maso Yamma ya haɗa da wani babban rukunin lambuna da kamfanin Toronto na Wilson, Bunnell da Borgstrom suka tsara. Daga cikinsu akwai Lambun Dutse da aka ƙirƙira ta hanyar lulluɓe wani ramin tsakuwa mai girman eka 5.5 da aka yi watsi da shi da dutse mai daraja daga Niagara Escarpment . A shekarar 1932 Hukumar Kula da Shakatawa ta haɗa lambunan Burlington Heights da kuma bakin tekun kudu na Cootes Paradise a matsayin Lambunan Furannin Dabbobi na Sarauta.

Asalin hangen nesa na RBG ya kasance cakuda kayan lambu da kuma dazuzzukan halitta masu kariya da wuraren dausayi. An naɗa Darakta na farko na RBG, Dr. Norman Radforth, a shekarar 1947 kuma Farfesa ne a fannin tsirrai a Jami'ar McMaster da ke kusa. A shekarar 1954, an naɗa Leslie Lakeng, wacce a da ita ce Mataimakiyar Darakta kuma Masanin Noma, a matsayin Darakta kuma ta yi aiki har zuwa 1981. A ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa, cibiyar ta zama babbar cibiyar da take a yau. A shekarun 1960, ci gaban ƙwarewar lambu ya wadatar da lambuna da shirye-shiryenta, gami da sabbin ma'aikata kamar masanin haraji Dr. James Pringle da Mai Kula da Freek Vrugtman . A tsawon shekaru, an ƙara ƙarin filayen kariya ga RBG, gami da gidan Berry Tract South a shekarar 2015.

Da yake da kimanin hekta 1,100 (kadada 2,700), Royal Botanical Gardens yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin irin waɗannan cibiyoyi a Arewacin Amurka. A shekara ta 2006, Auxiliary na RBG ya buga *Love, sweat and soil: a history of Royal Botanical Gardens from 1930 to 1981* wanda Dr. Lakeng ya rubuta. 

## Harkokin Kuɗi
Da farko birnin Hamilton ne ya samar da kuɗaɗen wannan cibiyar, sannan kuma a shekarun 1940 daga lardin Ontario . A farkon shekarun 1980, ƙuntatawa kan kuɗaɗen shiga da kuma sha'awar samun tallafin kai ya haifar da karɓar kuɗin shiga ga yankunan lambun da aka noma. Shiga kyauta ne ga membobi. Tsarin hanyoyin yanayi mai faɗi, sama da  a tsawon lokaci, ya kasance mai sauƙin isa ga al'ummar yankin a cikin nisan tafiya ko ta hanyar amfani da sufuri na jama'a. Kudaden shiga na membobinsu suna da mahimmanci don sauƙaƙe shiga. Tun daga shekarar 2006, kusan kashi 40% na kasafin kuɗin RBG na shekara-shekara yana fitowa ne daga tallafi daga Lardin Ontario, Birnin Hamilton da Yankin Halton. Sauran kashi 60%, ana rarraba su a matsayin 'kudaden shiga da aka samar da kansu' kuma ana tara su kowace shekara daga shiga, membobinsu, gudummawa, sansanonin bazara, da kuɗin sabis.  

Wata ƙungiyar masu sa kai da aka tsara mai mambobi sama da 500 tana tallafawa ƙoƙarin cika umarnin RBG. Kowace shekara, masu sa kai suna taimakawa wajen tara dubban daloli da kuma bayar da gudummawar dubban sa'o'i a cikin ayyuka kamar jagororin yawon buɗe ido, tallafin abubuwan da suka faru, ma'aikatan Taskar Tarihi, da kuma kula da tarin tsire-tsire. 

## Abubuwan jan hankali
Lambunan Sararin Samaniya na Royal Botanical suna gabatar da yankuna biyar na lambu ga baƙi: Hendrie Park, Cibiyar RBG (wanda ya haɗa da Lambun Bahar Rum, wurin adana kayan tarihi na RBG kaɗai), The Arboretum, Lake Garden, da kuma David Braley da Nancy Gordon Rock Garden. Manyan wuraren halitta sun haɗa da hanyoyin da ke ratsa kwarin Grindstone Creek na ƙasa, Rock Chapel, arewa da kudu na Cootes Paradise, da Princess Point .

Lambun Dutse shine lambu mafi tsufa a wurin, wanda aka fara amfani da shi a shekarar 1932 tare da buɗe wurin shakatawa.  Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan tsire-tsire 1,600, gami da tarin conifers, da kuma sassaka, ruwan ruwa, da sauran abubuwan da ke cikin ruwa . 

Hendrie Park ita ce babbar lambu a wurin.  Ya haɗa da Lambun Rose, wanda aka dasa a shekarar 1965. A shekarar 2017, an sake dasa shi da nau'ikan wardi iri-iri, ciki har da nau'ikan Kanada da na tarihi.  Ya kuma haɗa da tsire-tsire masu rakiya kuma an sake gina shi da tsarin ban ruwa mai ƙarfi . 

Lambun Helen M. Kippax lambu ne na malam buɗe ido wanda ke da nau'ikan ƙwayoyin madara da sauran shuke-shuken nectar musamman don jawo hankalin malam buɗe ido na Monarch da kuma kafa tashar Monarch don ƙaura malam buɗe ido.  Nau'in tsire-tsire da ke cikin lambun asalinsu 'yan asalin Ontario ne. 

Dogayen hanyoyin RBG da ke kan titin Niagara Escarpment a Rock Chapel wani ɓangare ne na asalin kafa Bruce Trail . A shekara ta 2010, RBG ta haɗu da Geotrail don kawo hanyar sadarwar hanyarta zuwa intanet ta hanyar gidan yanar gizo mai hulɗa. 

Filayen halitta ko wuraren adana namun daji na Royal Botanical Gardens sun haɗa da wasu daga cikin muhimman wuraren namun daji da shuke-shuke na asali a Kanada. Babban yanki, wanda ya haɗa da dausayi mai suna Cootes Paradise ko Dundas Marsh, babban yanki ne na haifuwar nau'ikan kifaye na asali a Tafkin Ontario, ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun wuraren kallon tsuntsaye a Kanada,  kuma shine batun ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙoƙarin gyaran muhalli na Kanada wanda aka yi niyya ga wani yanki mai dausayi, mai suna 'Project Paradise.'

Arboretum ya ƙunshi ɗaya daga cikin tarin lilac mafi bambancin a duniya, Katie Osborne Lilac Collection. "Lilac Dell" ya ƙunshi tsire-tsire 570 na nau'ikan 407 na musamman kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan jan hankali na RBG a ƙarshen watan Mayu.  Arboretum kuma yana ɗauke da tarin crabapples, dogwoods, magnolias, da redbuds .  Royal Botanical Gardens kuma yana gudanar da nunin lambu na biyu mafi girma a Kanada wanda ake kira The Ontario Garden Show. Ya zo na biyu bayan Canada Blooms wanda ake gudanarwa a Toronto. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

Cibiyar RBG lambu ne na cikin gida wanda ake buɗewa duk shekara tare da nau'ikan tsirrai sama da 1200. 

Ana gudanar da shirye-shiryen ilimi masu ƙirƙira daga babban ginin RBG da ke Burlington da Cibiyar Fassarar Yanayi, wadda ke cikin Arboretum a arewacin Cootes Paradise a Hamilton. Fiye da yara 'yan makaranta 18,000 a kowace shekara suna ziyartar shirye-shiryen makarantun da aka tsara, kuma sama da shirye-shiryen ilimi na jama'a 200 sun haɗa da batutuwa daban-daban kamar zane-zanen tsirrai, girkin tsirrai da kuma tushen tsirrai. Makarantar Aldershot tana ba da shirin Nazarin ECO tare da haɗin gwiwar RBG. 

Royal Botanical Gardens memba ne na Ƙungiyar Lambunan Jama'a ta Amurka da kuma Cibiyar Kula da Lambunan Botanic ta Duniya kuma tana aiki a cikin ƙoƙarin gida, yanki, ƙasa, da na duniya don kiyaye bambancin shuke-shuke da kuma tabbatar da amfani da shi mai ɗorewa.

Gidajen Royal Botanical Gardens sun haɗa da Bayview Junction, inda suka ƙunshi wurare da dama da suka shahara don yin layin dogo .

## Hotunan Hotuna

Fayil:Rock_Gardens.JPG|alt=Rock Gardens| Lambunan Dutse
Fayil:Rock_Gardens_A.JPG|alt=Rock Gardens| Lambunan Dutse
Fayil:Rock_Gardens_B.JPG|alt=Rock Gardens| Lambunan Dutse
Fayil:Rock_Gardens_C.JPG|alt=Rock Gardens| Lambunan Dutse
Fayil:Hendrie_Park_A.jpg| Hendrie Park
File:Hendrie_Park_B.jpg| Hendrie Park
Fayil:Laking_Garden.jpg|alt=Laking Garden| Lambun Lake
Fayil:Dahlia_at_the_RBG_in_2008.JPG| Dahlia, 2008 Rose Celebration, RBG
File:Rose_at_the_RBG_in_2008.JPG|alt=Rose Celebration, RBG| Bikin Rose, RBG
File:Royal_Botanical_Gardens_Lilac_Celebration.JPG|alt=Blooms at the Lilac Celebration, RBG| Furen furanni a bikin Lilac, RBG
Fayil:Cootes_Paradise_RBG.jpg| Cootes Paradise, RBG


## Manazarta