Franz Jonas

**Franz Josef Jonas** (4 ga Oktoba 1899 - 24 ga Afrilu 1974) ɗan siyasan Austriya ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Austria tsakanin 1965 da 1974 a matsayin memba na Jam'iyyar Socialist ta Austria . Ya taba aiki a matsayin magajin gari na Vienna daga 1951 zuwa 1965 yayin da yake aiki a Majalisar dokokin Austriya. Jonas ya fara shiga siyasa tun yana saurayi yayin da yake aiki a matsayin mai buga takardu, ya shiga kungiyar Socialist Youth Movement da kuma kungiyar masu buga takardu. Ya yi aiki a majalisar gari ta Floridsdorf tun daga 1945 sannan aka sanya shi a matsayin kwamandan kayan abinci da gidaje na Vienna a 1948 da 1949, bi da bi. Jonas ya nuna sha'awar harkokin kasa da kasa, yana yin tafiye-tafiye da yawa na kasa da kasa a matsayin magajin gari da kuma shugaban kasa. A matsayinsa na shugaban kasa, ya kula da kirkirar Gwamnatin 'yan tsiraru a karkashin Bruno Kreisky, shugaban jam'iyyar Socialist. Jonas ya mutu a ofis bayan an gano shi da ciwon daji na ciki.

## Rayuwa ta farko da aiki
An haifi Franz Jonas a Vienna a ranar 4 ga Oktoba 1899. An haife shi ne a cikin iyalin ma'aikata kuma yana da 'yan uwa bakwai. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya halarci makarantar masu bugawa ta zane-zane. Daga baya ya halarci Wiener Arbeiterbildungszentrum (transl. ) inda masu koyarwarsa suka hada da 'yan uwan shugabanni na gaba Karl Renner, Adolf Schärf, da Theodor Körner .  Bai sami ilimi na yau da kullun a jami'ar gargajiya ba. An kwashe Jonas a lokacin yakin duniya na don yaƙi a cikin Sojojin Austro-Hungary a shekarar 1917.  Ya yi aiki a cikin rundunar Deutschmeister,  inda ya yi aiki a Gabashin Gabas da Italiyanci. Ya sami aiki a matsayin mai buga takardu a ƙarshen yaƙin a 1919 kuma ya ci gaba da sana'ar har zuwa 1932. 

## Magajin garin Vienna
Jonas ya zama magajin gari na Vienna a watan Yunin 1951 a matsayin mai rike da mukamin da ya gabata, tsohon malaminsa Körner, ya zama shugaban Austria. Jonas ya yi aiki a matsayin magajin gari na Vienna na tsawon shekaru 14. Saboda sha'awarsa ga harkokin kasashen waje, Jonas ya yi tafiye-tafiye da yawa na kasa da kasa yayin da yake magajin gari. Ya jaddada muhimmancin duniya na birnin, yana neman sake farfado da shi a matsayin cibiyar al'adun Turai da diflomasiyya. An zabi Jonas a majalisa a wannan shekarar da ya fara zama magajin gari. Ya yi aiki a Majalisar Tarayya daga 1951 zuwa 1953 sannan ya koma Majalisar Kasa. Ya rike wannan mukamin har sai an zabe shi shugaban kasa a shekarar 1965. A matsayinsa na magajin gari, Jonas ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kungiyar garuruwan Austrian da kuma zartarwa a cikin Majalisar Manyan Hukumomi da Yankuna na Turai. Ya kasance sananne ne a matsayin magajin gari.

## Shugaban kasar Austria
Shugaba Adolf Schärf na Jam'iyyar Socialist Party of Austria (SPÖ) ya mutu a ofis, wanda ya haifar da zaben shugaban kasa a shekarar 1965.  Jonas ya lashe zaben kuma an zabe shi shugaban kasa a ranar 23 ga Mayu 1965. SPÖ ce ta zabe shi tare da kuri'un da aka kada na 2,324,436, inda ya doke dan takarar jam'iyyar Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) Alfons Gorbach wanda ya samu kuri'u 2,260,888.  Rashin ilimin Jonas na yau da kullun babban batu ne a lokacin zaben. Ya hau mulki a ranar 21 ga Yuni 1951.

A shekara ta 1966, an ba Jonas Grand Cross na Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav tare da Collar, kuma a shekara ta 1969 an ba da lambar yabo ta ÖOC Pierre de Coubertin . 

Jonas ya yi amfani da ikonsa don kin amincewa da nadin gwamnati a cikin shekarun 1960 don adawa da zaɓin gwamnatin ÖVP na shugaban kotun gudanarwa da kuma jakada a Jamus ta Yamma. Jonas ya shahara a tsakanin jama'a, har zuwa lokacin da shugaban jam'iyyar SPÖ Bruno Kreisky ya yi ƙoƙari ya sanya sunayensu daidai a lokacin Zaben majalisa na 1970. Babu wata jam'iyya da ta lashe mafi yawan kujeru, don haka Jonas ne ke da alhakin amincewa da gwamnatin da aka tattauna. SPÖ ta gudanar da yawa kuma Kreisky ya nemi Jonas ya nada Gwamnatin 'yan tsiraru tare da amincewar Jam'iyyar Freedom Party of Austria. Maimakon tilasta tattaunawar hadin gwiwa, Jonas ya amince kuma ya nada Kreisky a matsayin shugaban kasar Austria. An sake zabar Jonas a matsayin shugaban kasa a ranar 25 ga Afrilu 1971.  Ya samu kuri'u 2,488,372, inda ya doke dan takarar ÖVP Kurt Waldheim wanda ya samu kuri'a 2,225,368. Lokacin Jonas na biyu ya fara ne a ranar 9 ga Yuni 1971. 

## Manazarta