Sub-Saharan African music traditions

A sassa da yawa na yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara, amfani da kiɗa ba wai kawai nishaɗi ba ne: yana da amfani ga al'ummar yankin kuma yana taimakawa wajen gudanar da ayyukan yau da kullun. Kiɗan gargajiya na Afirka yana ba da kiɗa da rawa masu dacewa don aiki da kuma bukukuwan addini na haihuwa, suna, al'adun wucewa, aure da jana'iza.  Ana amfani da bugun ganga da sautunan ganga wajen sadarwa da kuma bayyana al'adu. 

Rawar Afirka galibi suna da hannu a ciki: a al'ada babu wani shinge tsakanin masu rawa da masu kallo sai dai idan aka yi la'akari da rawa ta ruhaniya, addini da kuma ta farko. Har ma da rawa ta al'ada sau da yawa suna da lokacin da masu kallo ke shiga.  Rawa suna taimaka wa mutane su yi aiki, su girma, su yaba ko su soki membobin al'umma, su yi bukukuwa da jana'iza, su yi gasa, su karanta tarihi, karin magana da waƙa da kuma haɗuwa da alloli.   halaye da ɗabi'u na zamantakewa. Rawa da yawa maza ne kawai ke yin su.  Raba katifa shine ƙirƙirar fahimtar ƙungiya, yin horo da juna,  zama wani ɓangare na tsarin rayuwa wanda aka gayyaci kowa ya ba da gudummawa. 

Misali, 'yan rawa da masu buga ganga na Yarbawa suna bayyana sha'awa, dabi'u, da kuma kerawa a cikin al'umma . Buga ganga yana wakiltar wani rubutu na harshe wanda ke jagorantar wasan kwaikwayo na rawa, wanda ke ba da damar bayyana ma'anar harshe ba tare da magana ba. Bai kamata a rikita batun waɗannan wasannin kwaikwayo da wani abu da ke jaddada girman kai na mutum ɗaya ba. Babban aikin mai buga ganga shine kiyaye al'umma.  Manyan masu rawa da masu buga ganga suna da ƙwarewa game da koyon rawa kamar yadda aka koya. Dole ne yara su koyi rawa kamar yadda aka koya ba tare da bambanci ba. Buga ko sabon salo yana zuwa ne kawai bayan sun ƙware rawa, yin wasa, da kuma samun yabo daga masu kallo da kuma amincewar dattawan ƙauyen. 

Waƙar Luo, misali, tana da amfani, ana amfani da ita don bukukuwa, addini, siyasa ko kuma abubuwan da ba su dace ba, a lokacin jana'iza (Tero buru) don yabon waɗanda suka mutu, don ta'azantar da waɗanda suka yi baƙin ciki, don sa mutane su farka da dare, don bayyana zafi da radadi da kuma lokacin tsarkakewa da korar ruhohi, a lokacin bukukuwan giya (Dudu, rawa ta ohangla), maraba da mayaƙa daga yaƙi, a lokacin wasan kokawa (Ramogi), a lokacin soyayya, a lokacin yin ruwan sama da kuma lokacin duba da warkarwa. Ana yin waƙoƙin aiki a lokacin ayyukan jama'a kamar gini, ciyawa, da sauransu, da kuma ayyukan mutum ɗaya kamar tattaka hatsi, sharar gida.

## Yankuna

Alan P. Merriam ya raba Afirka zuwa yankuna bakwai don dalilai na ilimin kiɗan al'adu, yana lura da iyakokin siyasa na yanzu (duba taswira), kuma wannan labarin ya biyo bayan wannan ɓangaren gwargwadon iyawa wajen bincika kiɗan ƙungiyoyin ƙabilu a Afirka .

* Wakokin yankin **arewacin** Afirka *(ja a taswirar)*, gami da na yankin kusurwar Afirka *(kore mai duhu a taswirar)*, galibi ana yin su ne daban-daban a ƙarƙashin al'adun kiɗan Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka .
* **Wakokin Yammacin Afirka** *(rawaya a taswirar)* sun haɗa da wakokin Senegal da Gambia, na Guinea da Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone da Liberia, na filayen cikin gida na Mali, Nijar da Burkina Faso, da kuma ƙasashen bakin teku na Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Najeriya, Kamaru, Gabon da Jamhuriyar Congo, da kuma tsibiran Cape Verde, São Tomé da Príncipe .
* **Waƙar Afirka ta Tsakiya** *(shuɗi mai duhu a taswirar)* ta haɗa da waƙar Chadi, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo da Zambia .
* Yankin **Gabas** *(kore mai haske a taswirar)* ya haɗa da kiɗan Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique da Zimbabwe da kuma tsibiran Madagascar, Seychelles, Réunion, Mauritius da Comoros . Yankin gabas ya sami tasirin kudu maso gabashin Asiya har ma da Austronesia ta Tekun Indiya .
* Yankin **Kudu** *(launin ruwan kasa a taswirar)* ya haɗa da kiɗan Afirka ta Kudu, Lesotho, Eswatini, Botswana, Namibia da Angola .

### Sahel da Sudan

* Waƙar Sudan *(turquoise a taswirar)* tana nuna wahalar raba al'adun kiɗa bisa ga iyakokin jihohi. Ilimin kiɗan Sudan ya ƙunshi al'ummomin harsuna 133.  waɗanda ke magana da harsuna sama da 400,  Afro-Asian, Nilotic da Niger-Congo.

Sabanin waƙar gargajiya ta Larabci, yawancin salon waƙar Sudan suna da pentatonic, kuma bugun bugun ko waƙa a lokaci guda a cikin salon polyrhythms wani ƙarin sanannen halaye ne na waƙar Sudan. 
 

Sudan ta samo sunanta ne daga yankin savanna na kudu da hamadar Sahara wanda ya sanya, tare da Kogin Nilu, babban hanyar ketarewa ta yankin. Kudancin Sahara, yankin *[[Sahel]]* ya samar da wani yanki na yanayin halitta na canji tsakanin hamada da savanna na Sudan, wanda ya miƙe tsakanin Tekun Atlantika da Tekun Ja . Mutanen Nilotic da suka shahara a kudancin Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, da arewacin Tanzania, sun haɗa da Luo, Dinka, Nuer da Maasai .  An haɗa da yawancin waɗannan a yankin Gabas.

* Kabilar Dinka galibi mutane ne masu noma da kiwo da ke zaune a yankin Bahr el Ghazal na kogin Nilu, Jonglei da wasu sassan kudancin Kordufan da yankunan Upper Nile . Sun kai kimanin miliyan 1.5, kimanin kashi 10% na al'ummar Sudan.  na Sudan.
* *Mabiya addinin* Larabawa sun sami mafaka a tsakanin mutanen Nuba .

' Yan kabilar Fula na Senegambian sun yi ƙaura zuwa Sudan a lokuta daban-daban, galibi suna magana da Larabci da kuma yaren su. Mutanen Hausa, waɗanda ke magana da yaren da ya shafi tsohon harshen Masar da kuma Ibrananci na Littafi Mai Tsarki, sun koma akasin haka. Gaba da yamma, waƙoƙin Berber na Tuareg sun ratsa ƙasashen kudu da hamadar Sahara. Waɗannan suna cikin yankin Yamma, amma ana jin waƙar makiyaya da makiyaya daga yamma zuwa gabas.

Masanin tarihi kuma masanin tarihin waƙoƙin Afirka na Afirka kamar Paul Oliver da Samuel Charters masanin tarihin kiɗan Amurka, sun ba da shawarar cewa muhimman abubuwan da ke cikin waƙoƙin shuɗi sun samo asali ne daga yankin Sahel na Yammacin Afirka, waɗanda 'yan Afirka suka kawo ta hanyar cinikin bayi.  Yayin da bayin Afirka da aka kawo zuwa Kudancin Amurka da Caribbean galibi sun fito ne daga al'adun Percussion a kudancin gabar tekun yammacin Afirka (kamar kudancin Najeriya), tsakiyar Afirka da kuma sassan Afirka na Bantu waɗanda ba su da abubuwa da yawa da suka haifar da waƙoƙin shuɗi . Yawancin bayin da aka kawo zuwa Arewacin Amurka sun fito ne daga yankin Sahel kuma sun fi sanin kayan kida masu kida waɗanda suka gina Banjo da kayan kida daga Sahel kamar Akoning, Charters sun gano cewa bayin Sahelian da yawa daga al'adun Musulmi ne kuma sun fi son waƙar kida mai kida, mai daɗi, da kuma waƙa ta melismatic, wanda ya bambanta da waƙar da aka yi da ganguna na wasu yankunan Afirka waɗanda galibi suna fifita waƙoƙin ganga da waƙoƙin rukuni. Waɗannan al'adun, waɗanda wasu lokutan masu gonaki waɗanda ke tsoron ganguna a matsayin kayan aikin tawaye suka canza zuwa waƙoƙin shuɗi.

Masanin tarihi Sylviane Diouf da masanin kiɗan ƙabila Gerhard Kubik sun bayyana waƙar Musulunci a matsayin wani tasiri ga kiɗan blues.   Diouf ya lura da kamanceceniya mai ban mamaki tsakanin kiran sallah na Musulunci (wanda ya samo asali daga Bilal ibn Rabah, wani shahararren Musulmi ɗan Afirka ɗan Abyssinian a farkon ƙarni na 7) da waƙar field holler ta ƙarni na 19, yana lura cewa duka suna da waƙoƙi iri ɗaya da ke yabon Allah, waƙa, canje-canje a cikin sauti, "kalmomi da ke kama da suna rawa da girgiza" a cikin waƙoƙin murya, canje-canje masu ban mamaki a cikin sikelin kiɗa, da kuma sautin hanci. Ta danganta asalin waƙar field holler ga bayin Musulmi na Afirka waɗanda suka kai kimanin kashi 30% na bayin Afirka a Amurka. A cewar Kubik, "salon muryar mawaƙa da yawa masu amfani da blues suna amfani da melisma, sautin wavy, da sauransu gado ne na wannan babban yankin Yammacin Sahel wanda ya kasance yana hulɗa da duniyar Musulunci ta hanyar Maghreb tun ƙarni na bakwai da takwas da kuma Gabashin Sahel na zamani Sudan tun ƙarni na 9 [."   Akwai wani muhimmin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin al'adun kiɗa na Maghreb da Sahel .  Masanin tarihi Sylviane Diouf da masanin kiɗan ƙabila Gerhard Kubik sun bayyana kiɗan Musulunci a matsayin wani tasiri ga kiɗan blues.   Diouf ya lura da kamanceceniya mai ban mamaki tsakanin kiran sallah na Musulunci (wanda ya samo asali daga Bilal ibn Rabah, wani shahararren Musulmin Afirka na Abyssinian a farkon ƙarni na 7) da kiɗan field holler na ƙarni na 19, yana lura cewa duka suna da waƙoƙi iri ɗaya suna yabon Allah, waƙa, canje-canje a bayanin kula, "kalmomi da ke rawa da girgiza" a cikin waƙoƙin murya, canje-canje masu ban mamaki a sikelin kiɗa, da kuma sautin hanci. Ta danganta asalin kiɗan field holler ga bayin Afirka Musulmi waɗanda suka kai kimanin kashi 30% na bayin Afirka a Amurka. A cewar Kubik, "salon muryar mawakan blues da yawa suna amfani da melisma, wavy intonation, da sauransu gado ne na wannan babban yanki na Sahel wanda ya kasance yana hulɗa da duniyar Musulunci ta hanyar Maghreb tun ƙarni na bakwai da takwas."   Akwai wani muhimmin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin al'adun kiɗa na Maghreb da Sahel .  Blues waɗanda suka samo asali daga kudancin Amurka sun samo asali ne a matsayin haɗakar ma'aunin sautin Afirka mai adalci tare da kayan kida na Turai masu sautin 12 da jituwa.   Sakamakon ya kasance kiɗan Amurka na musamman wanda har yanzu ana yinsa sosai a cikin sigar asali kuma yana kan tushen wani nau'in jazz na Amurka .

Alamar shuɗi alama ce ta kiɗan blues kuma Rhythm da blues waɗanda aka siffanta su da uku, biyar, ko bakwai - suna da tushe mai zurfi a cikin al'adun kiɗa na yankin Sahel na Yammacin Afirka, suna mai da waƙoƙin Afirka-Amurkawa masu farin jini kamar blues waɗanda ke da asalin Sahelian sabanin kiɗan Afro-Brazil da kiɗan Afro-Cuban waɗanda ke da tasirin kudu maso yammacin Afirka, Afirka ta Tsakiya da Bantu inda babu sautin shuɗi da bayi waɗanda galibi suna fifita ganguna da waƙoƙin rukuni. Al'adar Griot ta Sahel kuma na iya shafar Talking blues kuma ta hanyar faɗaɗa Hip hop, Al'adar Griot kuma ba ta nan a cikin al'adun tsakiya, Gabas da Kudancin Afirka masu magana da Bantu, Ina sake nuna asalin tushen kiɗan Afirka-Amurkawa na Sahel 

### Yankunan Yamma, Tsakiya, Gabas da Kudu

Waɗannan yankuna huɗu da suka rage suna da alaƙa da kiɗan Afirka na kudu da hamada: ana iya samun abubuwan kiɗa na Afirka da aka saba da su kamar amfani da bugun cross-beat da jituwar murya a duk yankuna huɗu, kamar yadda wasu kayan kida kamar ƙararrawa ta ƙarfe. Wannan galibi ya faru ne saboda faɗaɗa mutanen da ke magana da Nijar da Kongo waɗanda suka fara a kusan shekara ta 1500 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa: matakai na ƙarshe na faɗaɗawa sun kasance 0-1000&nbsp;AD.    Harsuna kaɗan ne kawai da suka watsu a wannan babban yanki ba za a iya danganta su da dangin harshen Nijar-Congo ba. Duk da haka, manyan al'adun kiɗa guda biyu waɗanda ba na Bantu ba ne, wato kiɗan Pygmy na dajin Kongo da na mutanen daji na Kalahari, suna da matuƙar muhimmanci wajen fayyace waƙar yankin tsakiya da kuma ta yankin kudu bi da bi.

Sakamakon ƙaura da al'ummar Nijar-Congo ke yi (misali, faɗaɗa al'adun Bantu ), al'adun da suka shafi al'adu daban-daban (misali, rawa, kiɗa), wanda galibi ake dangantawa da kasancewa wata siffa ta gama gari tsakanin al'adun zamani na Afirka, ciki har da masu magana da Nilo-Saharan a Sudan, waɗanda suka bazu ko'ina cikin Kudancin Afirka.  Saboda cinikin bayi na Trans-Atlantic, kiɗan 'yan Afirka da ke zaune a ƙasashen waje, waɗanda da yawa daga cikinsu sun fito ne daga mutanen Nijar-Congo, ya yi tasiri sosai kan nau'ikan al'adun Yamma na zamani (misali, rawa, kiɗa ). 

## Yammacin Afirka

Dole ne a yi la'akari da waƙar Yammacin Afirka a ƙarƙashin manyan jigogi guda biyu: a yankunan arewa da yamma, yawancin tasirin ƙabilun ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Sahara da aka ambata a sama suna cikin Hausawa, Fulani, mutanen Wolof, masu magana da Mande na Mali, Senegal da Mauritania, mutanen da ke magana da Gur na Mali, Burkina Faso da rabin arewacin Ghana, Togo da Côte d'Ivoire, Fula da ake samu a duk faɗin Afirka ta Yamma, da kuma masu magana da Senufo na Côte d'Ivoire da Mali .

Yankunan bakin teku sune wuraren da masu magana da harshen Niger-Congo ke zaune; Kwa, Akan, harsunan Gbe, waɗanda ake magana da su a Ghana, Togo, Benin, da Najeriya, harsunan Yoruba da Igbo, waɗanda ake magana da su a Najeriya da kuma harsunan Benue-Congo na gabas.

Harsunan cikin gida da na bakin teku suna da alaƙa mai nisa kawai. Yayin da arewa, tare da al'adun *[[griot]]* ɗinta, ke amfani da kayan kida masu kida da xylophones sosai, kudu ta fi dogara da kayan kade-kade da waƙoƙin jama'a.

### Arewa

Al'ummomi masu rikitarwa sun wanzu a yankin tun daga kimanin 1500 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS). Daular Ghana  ta wanzu tun kafin kimanin 830 har zuwa kimanin 1235 a yankin da yanzu ake kira kudu maso gabashin Mauritania da yammacin Mali . Mutanen Sosso suna da babban birninsu a Koumbi Saleh har sai da Sundiata Keita ta kayar da su a Yaƙin Kirina (kimanin 1240) kuma ta fara Daular Mali, wacce ta yaɗa tasirinta a Kogin Niger ta cikin masarautu da larduna da dama na 'yan mulkin mallaka . Daular Gao a yankin gabashin Nijar tana da ƙarfi a ƙarni na tara bayan haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS) amma daga baya ta yi ƙarƙashin Mali har zuwa lokacin da ta faɗi. A shekara ta 1340, mutanen Songhai sun mai da Gao babban birnin sabuwar Daular Songhai . 

* Mutanen Hausa suna ɗaya daga cikin manyan kabilu a Najeriya, Nijar, Sudan da kuma ƙasashen Yamma da Tsakiyar Afirka da yawa. Suna jin yaren Chadic . Akwai nau'ikan kiɗan gargajiya guda biyu na Hausa ; kiɗan gargajiya na karkara da kuma waƙoƙin kotu na birni da aka haɓaka a Masarautun Hausa kafin Yaƙin Fulani . Waƙoƙin gargajiya nasu sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin waƙoƙin Najeriya, suna ba da gudummawa ga abubuwa kamar goje, wani nau'in fiddle mai igiya ɗaya.
* Asalin mutanen Fula na Senegambian makiyaya ko Tukulor suna wakiltar kashi 40% na yawan mutanen Guinea kuma sun bazu zuwa jihohin da ke kewaye da kuma har zuwa Sudan a gabas.  A ƙarni na 19 sun hambarar da Hausawa suka kafa Khalifancin Sokoto . Fula suna buga kayan kida na gargajiya iri-iri, ciki har da ganguna, *hoddu* ( *xalam* ), wani kida mai kama da banjo, da *riti* ko *riiti* (kida mai igiya ɗaya mai kama da goge), ban da kiɗan muryarsu. Suna kuma amfani da sarewar bamboo mai ƙarfi. Ana kiran griots ɗinsu da *gawlo* . 
* Waƙar Mande : Waƙar Mali ta mamaye nau'ikan waƙoƙin da aka samo daga Daular Mande. Mawakan su, ƙwararrun mawakan da ake kira jeliw (waƙa. *jeli*, French *griot* ), sun fito da shahara tare da waƙoƙin gargajiya. Harsunan Mande sun haɗa da Mandinka, Soninke, Bambara, Bissa, Dioula, Kagoro, Bozo, Mende, Susu, Vai da Ligbi : akwai al'umma a Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Senegal, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone da Liberia, kuma galibi a yankunan arewacin ƙasar, a jihohin gabar tekun kudu na Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Togo, Benin da Najeriya.
* Kiɗan Wolof : Mutanen Wolof, ƙabila mafi girma a Senegal, dangin Fula, sun ba da gudummawa sosai ga shahararriyar waƙar Senegal . Mutanen Serer masu alaƙa suna da alaƙa da waƙar da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin sauti. 

* A Senegal, Gambiya da Guinea-Bissau, Jola sun shahara saboda kayan kidansu masu *kitso*, wanda shine farkon banjo yayin da mutanen Balanta, mafi girman ƙabilar Guinea-Bissau, ke buga irin wannan kayan kida mai kama da gourd lute da ake kira *kusunde* ko *kussundé*,  tare da gajeren igiyar A ♯ /B drone a ƙasa, igiyar F ♯ ta sama mai tsayin tsakiya da igiyar C ♯ ta tsakiya, mafi tsayi. Zaren saman da aka dakatar yana ba da G ♯, zaren tsakiya da aka dakatar shine D ♯ .
* Kiɗan Songhai, kamar yadda Ali Farka Toure ya fassara, ya jawo hankalin ƙasashen duniya ga wani ƙaramin salon kida da murya mai kama da na Amurka.
* Kabilar Senufo ko Senoufo, suna zaune a kudancin Mali da kuma kusurwar yamma ta Burkina Faso zuwa Katiola a Côte d'Ivoire tare da ƙungiya ɗaya, Nafana, a arewa maso yammacin Ghana . Kabilar Senufo sun shahara da waƙoƙin jana'iza da na poro . 

* A tsakanin mutanen da ke jin harshen Gur , Dagomba suna amfani da ganga mai magana da *lunga* da kuma ganga mai kama da bass tare da tarkuna da ake kira *gungon*, da kuma sarewa, *gonje* ( *goje* ) da kararrawa.  da kuma waƙar lute ta *molo* ( *xalam* ), wadda mutanen Gurunsi kamar Frafra ke yi. Ana yin irin waɗannan salon a tsakanin Fulani, Hausawa, Djerma, Busanga da Ligbi . Masu buga ganga a Dagbon masu ba da labari ne, masana tarihi, 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na zuri'a waɗanda ke yin wasa a wuraren da ake kira *sambanlunga* . 
* Mutanen Gurunsi, Lobi, Wala da kuma mutanen Dagaaba masu alaƙa da Ghana da Burkina Faso kuma an san su da tsarin haɗakarwa (mita biyu) akan xylophone ( *gyil* ).
* Mutanen Mossi, waɗanda Masarautun Mossi a Burkina Faso na yanzu suka yi tsayayya da maƙwabtansu Songhai da Mende kafin su faɗa hannun Faransawa, suna da al'adar griot. Haka kuma djambadon .  *haka kuma [[brosca]]* .

### Tekun Guinea

* Mutanen Akan sun haɗa da Akwamu, Bono, Akyem, Fante, Ashanti,  waɗanda suka samo asali daga salon Adowa da *kete*, Baoulé wanda waƙarsa ta polyphonic ta gabatar da salon *gbébébé* ga Ivory Coast,  mutanen Nzema waɗanda ke buga *edengole* . Mutanen Akan suna da waƙoƙin kotu masu rikitarwa ciki har da salon *atumpan* da Ga kpanlogo, salon rawa da kiɗa na gargajiya na zamani, wanda aka haɓaka a kusan 1960. Yacub Addy, Obo Addy, da Mustapha Tettey Addy 'yan wasan ganga ne na Ga waɗanda suka sami shahara a duniya. Ana amfani da babban xylophone na log a cikin kiɗan *Asonko* . Ana buga *seprewa* na Ghana mai igiya 10-14, a tsakiyar kora da harp na Afirka, amma galibi ana maye gurbinsa da guitar. Sauran salon sun haɗa da; *adaha, agbadza, akwete, ashiko* da *gombe* da kuma *konkomba*, babban layi, *osibisaba* da *sikyi* . Kayan aiki sun haɗa da *aburukawa, apentemma, dawuro* da *torowa* .

* Kiɗan Ewe, wato kiɗan mutanen Ewe na Ghana, Togo da Benin, galibi yana da ƙarfi sosai, kuma yana da sarkakiya mai girma. Ƙungiyar buga ganguna ta Ewe tana samar da waƙoƙin rawa kuma sun ba da gudummawa ga salon da suka shahara kamar *agbadza* da *borborbor*, wani salon *konkomba* /highlife na shekarun 1950.
* Mutanen Aja da ke da alaƙa da juna 'yan asalin kudu maso yammacin Benin ne da kuma kudu maso gabashin Togo. Aja da ke zaune a Abomey sun haɗu da ƙabilar yankin, don haka suka ƙirƙiri ƙabilar Fon ko Dahomey, wacce yanzu ta fi girma a Benin. Tchinkoumé. 
* Wakokin Yarbawa sun shahara a cikin wakokin Najeriya da kuma salon wakokin Afro-Latin da Caribbean. Tawagar masu amfani da ganga mai magana suna buga wani nau'in waka da ake kira *dundun* bayan ganga,  suna amfani da ganga mai girma dabam-dabam tare da ganga na musamman ( *ogido* ). Shugaba ko *oniyalu* suna amfani da ganga don "magana" ta hanyar kwaikwayon sautin yaren Yarbawa . Wakokin Yarbawa sun fi mayar da hankali kan tatsuniyoyi da bautar ruhaniya/allahntaka, suna amfani da kayan kida na asali da na halitta kamar tafa hannu. An ambaci ƙwararrun mawaƙa ta hanyar kalmar wulaƙanci ta Alagbe.

* Waƙar Igbo ta ba da labari ga Highlife da Waka . Gandun shine kayan kida mafi mahimmanci ga mutanen Igbo, ana amfani da su a lokacin bukukuwa, al'adun wucewa, jana'iza, yaƙi, tarurrukan gari da sauran abubuwan da suka faru, kuma gangunan tukunya ko *udu* (yana nufin "tukunya") shine gangunan da suka fi shahara kuma shahara:  ƙaramin nau'in ana kiransa *kim-kim* .  Salon Igbo sun haɗa da *egwu ota* . Sauran kayan kida: obo&nbsp;– ufie&nbsp;– ogene,  wani kwanon ƙarfe mai faɗi da ake amfani da shi azaman kararrawa.
* Mutanen Bassa (Kamaru) sun samo asali ne daga Assiko, wata rawa mai farin jini daga Kudancin Kamaru. 
* Kasena suna amfani da salon muryar hocket . Sauran salon su ne; *jongo, len yoro* . Kayayyakin sun hada da; *gullu, gungonga, korbala, kornia, sinyegule, wua* and *yong wui* . 
* Salon Bamileke  shine *mangambe* ; Mutanen Bamileke suna amfani da gong .
* The Beti-Pahuin  na Kamaru Style = bikutsi ; Rawa = bikutsi ; Instrumentation = njang&nbsp;– rattle ya haɗa da mutanen Fang  ƙungiyar mawaƙa da ganga; Kayan kida = mvet; Sauran = bebom-mvet. Kiɗan São Tomé da Principe  Salo: danço-Congo&nbsp;– daxa&nbsp;- socopé&nbsp;– ussua&nbsp;– xtléva; Kayan aiki: cowbell&nbsp;- sarewa&nbsp;- ƙararrawa ; Sauran: Tchiloli

Waƙar Cape Verde ta daɗe tana tasiri daga Turai,  Kayan aiki sun haɗa da accordion ( *gaita* ),  baked, guitar *violão* da guitar kirtani *na viola* goma sha biyu da *cavaquinho*, *cimboa* da *ferrinho* . Salon sun hada da *[[Batuque (Cape Verde)|batuque]], [[Coladeira|coladera]], [[funaná]], morna* da *tabanca* .

## Afirka ta Tsakiya

Yankin tsakiyar wakokin Afirka an ayyana shi ne ta hanyar dazuzzukan ruwan sama masu zafi da ke tsakiyar nahiyar. Duk da haka, Chadi, jihar da ta fi arewa, tana da yanki mai zafi da hamada mai yawa a arewa.

### Al'adun Arewa
An kafa masarautun farko kusa da Tafkin Chad : Daular Kanem, kimanin 600 BC&nbsp;– 1380 CE  ya ƙunshi yawancin Chadi, Fezzan, gabashin Nijar da arewa maso gabashin Najeriya, wataƙila an kafa ta ne ta hannun makiyaya Zaghawa, wanda a lokacin daular Sayfawa ke mulki. Daular Bornu (1396–1893) ci gaba ne, Kanembu ta kafa sabuwar jiha a Ngazargamu . Waɗannan suna magana da harsunan Kanuri waɗanda mutane kusan miliyan huɗu ke magana a Najeriya, Nijar, Chadi, Kamaru, Libya da Sudan. An san su da kiɗan garaya da ganga. Masarautar Baguirmi (1522–1897) da Daular Ouaddai (1635–1912) suma suna tsakiyar tafkin Chad.

* Kabilar Toubou, waɗanda galibi ke zaune a arewacin Chadi a kusa da tsaunukan Tibesti da kuma a Libya, Nijar da Sudan, makiyaya ne 'yan ƙabilar Nilo da Sahara, galibinsu Musulmai ne, waɗanda adadinsu ya kai kimanin 350,000. Waƙoƙinsu na gargajiya sun ta'allaka ne akan kayan kida na maza kamar keleli da kuma waƙoƙin murya na mata. 
* Yaren Baguirmi na Tsakiyar Sudan yana da masu magana 44,761.   kuma yana da alaƙa da masarautar Baguirmi. An san su da kiɗan ganguna da zither da kuma rawar gargajiya inda ake yin yaƙi tsakanin masu rawa da manyan ƙwari .  Kabilar Sara ƙabila ce mai alaƙa da harshe, mafi girma a Chadi, wacce ta kai kashi 30% na yawan jama'arta da kuma kashi 10% na Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya . Zuriyar wayewar Sao, suna amfani da gangunan balafon, busa, harp da kodjo.
* Kabilar Zande suna zaune ne a arewa maso gabashin Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Kongo, kudu maso yammacin Sudan da kuma kudu maso gabashin Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya . Majiyoyi daban-daban sun kiyasta cewa adadinsu ya kai tsakanin miliyan 1 zuwa 4.
* Ana amfani da ƙaho da ƙaho kamar dogon ƙahon sarki, ƙahon tin da aka sani da ''waza'' ko ''kakaki'' a bikin naɗi da sauran bukukuwan manyan mutane a duk faɗin Chadi da Sudan .  Sauran kayan kida na gargajiya na Chadi sun haɗa da hu hu ( kayan kida masu sautin calabash ), maracas . Al'adar griot tana amfani da kinde (kayan kida mai igiya biyar).

### Mutanen Wadai

* Mutanen Pygmy suna da yawan bambancin kwayoyin halitta,  duk da haka sun bambanta sosai da sauran al'ummomin ɗan adam, wanda ke nuna cewa suna da tsatson asali na asali, mafi tsufa bayan na daji na Kudancin Afirka. An kiyasta cewa akwai tsakanin Pygmies 250,000 zuwa 600,000 da ke zaune a cikin dazuzzukan daji na Kongo,  Yawancin al'ummomin Pygmy suna zaune a cikin dazuzzukan wurare masu zafi.  tare da yawan jama'a a Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, Kamaru, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Jamhuriyar Congo, Angola, Botswana, Namibia, da Zambia .  A matsayinsu na masu farautar dabbobi, suna rayuwa ne kawai amma ba kawai a kan kayayyakin daji na muhallinsu ba, suna kasuwanci da manoma maƙwabta don samun abinci da sauran kayayyaki.  Akwai ƙungiyoyin Pygmy da dama, waɗanda aka fi sani da Mbenga (Aka da Baka) na yankin yammacin Kongo, Mbuti (Efe *da sauransu* ) na dazuzzukan ruwan sama na Ituri, da kuma Twa na manyan tafkuna . Waƙar Pygmy ta ƙunshi Aka, Baka, Mambuti Mbuti da Efé; salon: hindewhu&nbsp;- hoket&nbsp;- likanos&nbsp;- liquindi&nbsp;- barkwanci&nbsp;– yelli . Kayan aiki = sarewa&nbsp;- ieta&nbsp;- limbindi&nbsp;- molimo&nbsp;- ngombi&nbsp;- ƙaho&nbsp;– busa . Sauran = boona&nbsp;- elima&nbsp;– jengi&nbsp;– molimo  An san waɗannan dawakan Afirka musamman saboda waƙoƙin da suke yi da murya, waɗanda galibi suna da alaƙa da salon waƙar da ba ta dace ba ta hanyar amfani da kalmomi daban-daban.  Kiɗa yana ratsa rayuwar yau da kullun kuma akwai waƙoƙi don nishaɗi da kuma wasu taruka da ayyuka na musamman.
* Bashi  Instrumentation = lulanga.

### Al'adun Bantu

* Mutanen Bemba na Zambia. (ko kuma 'BaBemba' suna amfani da kalmar Ba- prefix don nufin 'mutanen', kuma ana kiransu 'Awemba' ko 'BaWemba' a da) suna cikin babban rukuni na mutane galibi a Lardunan Arewa, Luapula da Copperbelt na Zambia waɗanda suka samo asali daga jihohin Luba da Lunda na babban yankin Congo, a cikin abin da ya zama Lardin Katanga a kudancin Kongo-Kinshasa (DRC). Akwai kabilu sama da 30 na Bemba, waɗanda aka sanya musu suna bayan dabbobi ko halittu na halitta, kamar dangin sarauta, "mutanen kada" (Bena Ng'andu) ko kuma Bena Bowa (Kabilar Naman Kaza). Yaren Bemba (Chibemba) yana da alaƙa da harsunan Bantu Kaonde (a Zambia da DRC), Luba (a DRC), Nsenga da Tonga (a Zambia), da Nyanja/ Chewa (a Zambia da Malawi). Ana amfani da shi galibi a Lardunan Arewa, Luapula da Copperbelt, kuma ya zama harshen Afirka da aka fi amfani da shi a ƙasar, kodayake ba koyaushe yake a matsayin harshen farko ba. Bemba ya kai 250,000 a shekarar 1963 amma yawan jama'a ya haɗa da wasu 'ƙabilu goma sha takwas' daban-daban waɗanda, tare da Bemba, suka samar da ƙungiyar masu noman matrilineal-matrifocal masu alaƙa da ƙabilanci da harshe, waɗanda aka sani da mutanen da ke magana da Bemba na Zambia. Kayan aiki = babatone&nbsp;– kalela 

## Gabashin Afirka
Yankin gabashin Afirka, wanda ya haɗa da tsibiran Tekun Indiya, Madagascar, Réunion, Mauritius, Comor da Seychelles, ya kasance a buɗe ga tasirin kiɗan Larabawa da Iran tun zamanin Shirazi . A kudancin yankin , al'adun Swahili sun ɗauki kayan kida kamar *dumbek, oud* da *qanun.*&nbsp;– har ma da gangunan tabla na Indiya.  *Kabosy*, wanda kuma ake kira *mandoliny*, ƙaramin guitar na Madagascar, kamar Comorian *gabusi*, na iya ɗaukar sunansa daga Larabawan *qanbūs* . An ce *Taarab*, wani nau'in zamani da ya shahara a Tanzaniya da Kenya, ya ɗauki sunansa da salonsa daga kiɗan Masar kamar yadda aka noma a Zanzibar a da. Daga ƙarshe, akwai tasirin Turai: guitar ta shahara a Kenya, ana rawa contredanse, mazurka da polka a Seychelles. 

### Al'adun Arewa

* Al'ummar Luo suna zaune ne a wani yanki da ya miƙe daga Kudancin Sudan da Habasha ta hanyar arewacin Uganda da gabashin Congo (DRC), zuwa yammacin Kenya da Tanzania kuma sun haɗa da Shilluk, Acholi, Lango da Joluo (Luo na Kenya da Tanzania). Waƙar Luo Benga ta samo asali ne daga waƙar gargajiya ta *Nyatiti* lyre:  Acholi mai magana da Luo na arewacin Uganda yana amfani da adungu .  Waƙoƙin suna da alaƙa da haɗin kai da acrusis. Waƙoƙi suna da waƙoƙi, tare da kayan ado na murya, musamman lokacin da waƙar ke ɗauke da muhimmin saƙo. Waƙoƙi suna da kira da amsawa ko wasan kwaikwayo na kaɗaici kamar waƙoƙi, waƙoƙi masu kaɗawa tare da sautuka marasa tsari da jimloli waɗanda ke ɗauke da saƙonni masu mahimmanci. Rawar Luo kamar *dudu* ne suka gabatar da su. Wani siffa ta musamman ita ce gabatar da wani waƙa a tsakiyar wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa. Waƙar tana tsayawa, sautin kayan kida yana raguwa kuma rawa tana raguwa yayin da mutum ya ɗauki wasan kwaikwayon don yabon kansa. Ana kiran wannan da *pakruok* . Wani nau'in ululation na musamman, *sigalagala*, wanda galibi mata ke yi, shine babban abin da ke nuna ƙarshen wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa. Salon rawa suna da kyau da kyau, wanda ya haɗa da motsi na ƙafa ɗaya a akasin alkibla zuwa kugu ko girgiza kafadu mai ƙarfi, yawanci zuwa *nyatiti* . Adamson (1967) ya yi tsokaci cewa Luos sanye da kayan ado na gargajiya da kayan ado sun cancanci sunansu a matsayin mutane mafi kyau a Kenya. A lokacin yawancin wasanninsu, Luo suna sanya kayan ado; siket na sisal (owalo), beads (Ombulu / tigo) da ake sawa a wuya da kugu da ja ko fari yumbu da mata ke amfani da shi. Kayan tufafin maza sun haɗa da kuodi ko chieno, fata da ake sawa daga kafadu ko daga kugu. An yi hular Ligisa, garkuwa da mashi, huluna da sanduna daga kayan da ake samu a gida. Kayan kiɗa na Luo sun haɗa da busa (ganguna, clappers, zoben ƙarfe, ongeng'o ko gara, shakers), nyatiti, wani nau'in lyre; orutu, wani nau'in fiddle), iska (tung' ƙaho, Asili, sarewa, Abu-!, zuwa wani nau'in ƙaho na musamman. A cikin salon kiɗan benga, guitar (acoustic, daga baya lantarki) ta maye gurbin nyatiti a matsayin kayan kida. Mawakan ƙabilu da yawa suna buga Benga kuma ba a sake ɗaukarsa a matsayin salon Luo kawai ba.
* Kiɗa da rawa na mutanen Maasai ba su yi amfani da kayan kida a baya ba domin a matsayin kayan kida na makiyaya na Nilotic, ana ɗaukar kayan kida na gargajiya a matsayin masu wahalar motsawa. Kiɗan Maasai na gargajiya kida ne kawai, ƙungiya ce da ke rera waƙoƙin polyphonic yayin da masu waƙa ke rera waƙoƙin solo. Kira da amsawar da ke bin kowace baiti ana kiranta *namba* . Waƙoƙin galibi suna da gasa kuma an raba su da shekaru da jinsi. Mutanen Turkana maƙwabta sun kiyaye tsoffin al'adunsu, gami da kiɗan kira da amsawa, wanda kusan gaba ɗaya murya ce. Ana kuma kunna ƙaho da aka yi da barewa kudu . Samburu suna da alaƙa da Maasai, kuma kamar su, ba sa buga kusan kayan kida sai bututu mai sauƙi da wani nau'in guitar. Akwai kuma waƙoƙin batsa da mata ke rerawa suna addu'ar ruwan sama.
* 'Yan Borana suna zaune kusa da kan iyakar Habasha, kuma waƙoƙinsu suna nuna al'adun Habasha, Somaliya da sauran al'adu. An kuma san su da amfani da gitar chamonge,  wanda aka yi da tukunyar girki da aka yi da wayoyi na ƙarfe.

### Al'adun Bantu

Ana amfani da ganguna ( *[[Kalangu na Ngoma|ngoma]]*, *ng'oma* ko *ingoma* ) sosai: musamman manyan an ƙirƙiro su a tsakanin mawakan fadar sarakunan Gabashin Afirka. Kalmar *ngoma* ana amfani da ita ga salon rawa da kuma ganguna da kansu.  kamar yadda yake a tsakanin Akamba ta Gabashin Kenya, Baganda ta Uganda,  da kuma mutanen Ngoni na Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania da Zambia, waɗanda suka samo asali daga mutanen Zulu na kwaZulu-Natal a Afirka ta Kudu .  Haka kuma Tutsi/Watusi da Hutu/Bahutu suna amfani da kalmar.  Ganguna irin na Bantu, musamman ganguna na sukuti, mutanen Luhya ne ke buga su  (wanda kuma aka sani da *Avaluhuya*, *Abaluhya* ko Luyia),  mutanen Bantu na Kenya,  kusan kashi 16% na jimillar mutanen Kenya miliyan 38.5, da kuma a Uganda da Tanzania .  Adadinsu ya kai kimanin mutane miliyan 6.1.  Abaluhya litungo . 

* The Kikuyu are one of the largest and most urbanized communities in Kenya. At the Riuki cultural center in Nairobi traditional songs and dances are still performed by local women, including music for initiations, courting, weddings, hunting, and working. The Kikuyu, like their neighbours the Embu and the Meru are believed to have migrated from the Congo Basin. Meru people like the Chuka, who live near Mount Kenya, are known for polyrhythmic percussion music.
* The **Baganda** are a large southern Ugandan population with well-documented musical traditions. The akadinda, a xylophone, as well as several types of drum, is used in the courtly music of the Kabaka or king. Much of the music is based on playing interlocking ostinato phrases in parallel octaves. Other instruments; *engelabi*, *ennanga* or (inanga, a harp), *entenga*. Dance&nbsp;– baksimba.
* The music of Rwanda and Burundi is mainly that of the closely related Tutsi/Watusi and Hutu/Bahutu people. The Royal Drummers of Burundi perform music for ceremonies of birth, funeral and coronation of *mwami* (kings). Sacred drums (called karyenda) are made from hollowed tree trunks covered with animal skins. In addition to the central drum, *Inkiranya*, the *Amashako* drums provide a continuous beat and *Ibishikiso* drums follow the rhythm established by the Inkiranya. Dancers may carry ornamental spears and shields and lead the procession with their dance. Instrumentation; ikembe&nbsp;– inanga&nbsp;– iningiri&nbsp;– umuduri&nbsp;– ikondera&nbsp;– ihembe&nbsp;– urutaro. Dances: ikinimba&nbsp;– umushayayo&nbsp;– umuhamirizo&nbsp;– imparamba&nbsp;– inkaranka&nbsp;– igishakamba&nbsp;– ikinyemera
* Swahili culture: Styles gungu&nbsp;– kinanda&nbsp;– wedding music Dances chakacha&nbsp;– kumbwaya&nbsp;– vugo, Instrumentation kibangala&nbsp;– rika&nbsp;– taishokoto
* The *ng'oma* drumming of Gogo women of Tanzania and Mozambique, like that of the *ngwayi* dance of northeastern Zambia, uses "interlocking" or antiphonal rhythms that feature in many Eastern African instrumental styles such as the xylophone music of the Makonde *dimbila*, the Yao *mangolongondo* or the Shirima *mangwilo*, on which the *opachera*, the initial caller, is responded to by another player, the *wakulela*.
* The Chopi people of the coastal Inhambane Province are known for a unique kind of xylophone called *[[Xylophone|mbila]]* (pl: *timbila*) and the style of music played with it, which "is believed to be the most sophisticated method of composition yet found among preliterate peoples." Ensembles consist of around ten xylophones of four sizes and accompany ceremonial dances with long compositions called *ngomi* which consist of an overture and ten movements of different tempos and styles. The ensemble leader serves as poet, composer, conductor, and performer, creating a text, improvising a melody partially based on the features of the Chopi's tone language, and composing a second countrapuntal line. The musicians of the ensemble partially improvise their parts according to style, instrumental idiom, and the leader's indications. The composer then consults with the choreographer of the ceremony and adjustments are made. Chopi styles: timbala. Instruments: kalimba&nbsp;– mbila&nbsp;– timbila&nbsp;– valimba&nbsp;– xigovia&nbsp;– xipala-pala&nbsp;– xipendane&nbsp;– xitende&nbsp;– xizambe Chopi languages include Tonga. Tonga dance = mganda
* The Kamba people are known for their complex percussion music and spectacular performances, dances that display athletic skills resemble those of the Tutsi and the Embu. Dances are usually accompanied by songs composed for the occasion and sung on a pentatonic scale. The Akamba also have work songs. Their music is divided into several groups based on age: *Kilumi* is a dance for mainly elderly women and men performed at healing and rain-making ceremonies, *Mbeni* for young and acrobatic girls and boys, *Mbalya* or *Ngutha* is a dance for young people who meet to entertain themselves after the day's chores are done, *Kyaa* for the old men and women.*Kiveve, Kinze* etc. In the Kilumi dance the drummer, usually female, plays sitting on a large *mwase* drum covered with goatskin at one end and open at the other. The drummer is also the lead singer. *Mwali* (pl: Myali) is a dance accompanying a song usually made to criticize anti-social behaviour: *Mwilu* is a circumcision dance.
* The Gusii people use an enormous lute called the obokano and the ground bow, made by digging a large hole in the ground, over which an animal skin is pegged. A small hole is cut into the skin and a single string placed across the hole. &#x5B;*&#x20;&#x2013; discuss*&#x5D;
* The Mijikenda (literally "the nine tribes") are found on the coast of Tanzania, Kenya and Southern Somalia. They have a vibrant folk tradition perhaps due to less influence from Christian missionaries. Their music is mostly percussion-based and extremely complex. Taarab is a mixture of influences from Arabic, Indian and Mijikenda music found in the coastal regions of Kenya, Zanzibar, Pemba and the islands off East Africa.
* Yao people (East Africa) dance = beni (music)&nbsp;– likwata

### Tekun Indiya

* Kabilar Bajuni suna zaune ne a tsibiran Lamu da kuma Mombasa da Kilifi . Waƙar mata ta Bajuni mai suna "Mashindano Ni Matezo" ta shahara sosai.
* Madagascar da Tsibirin Mascarene, waɗanda suka haɗa da Réunion, Mauritius da Rodrigues an san su da rawa/salon kiɗa.  Mascarene kuma yana da waƙar maloya.&nbsp;- maloya (al'ada). Instrumentation kayamb&nbsp;- maravanne&nbsp;- ravanne&nbsp;- tambura . Madagaska kuma vakodrazana salon, rawa basese&nbsp;- salegy&nbsp;– sigaoma&nbsp;– tsamiya&nbsp;– watsa watsa. Instrumentation jejy voatavo&nbsp;- kabosy&nbsp;- lokanga&nbsp;- marovany&nbsp;- sodium&nbsp;- wuta . Famadihana ritual, hiragasy theatre. Seychellois dance contonbley. 

## Kudancin Afirka
 

* Bushmen Haka kuma Basarwa, Khoe, Khwe, San, !Kung. Khoisan (wanda kuma ake rubutawa **Khoesaan**, **Khoesan** ko **Khoe-San** ) suna ne mai haɗa kan ƙabilu biyu na Kudancin Afirka waɗanda ke da halaye na zahiri da na harshe daban-daban daga mafi yawan Bantu na yankin,  San mai neman abinci da Khoi mai kiwon dabbobi . San sun haɗa da asalin mazauna Kudancin Afirka kafin ƙaura daga Kudancin Bantu daga Tsakiya da Gabashin Afirka ta isa yankinsu. Makiyaya Khoi sun isa Kudancin Afirka jim kaɗan kafin Bantu. Manyan al'ummomin Khoi-san sun kasance a yankuna da dama da suka bushe a yankin, musamman a cikin Hamadar Kalahari . Styles= hocket 

Harsunan Kudancin Bantu sun haɗa da dukkan muhimman harsunan Bantu na Afirka ta Kudu, Zimbabwe da Botswana, da kuma wasu daga cikin kudancin Mozambique . Suna da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi da dama;

* Harsunan Nguni sun haɗa da Xhosa, Zulu da Northern Ndebele . Waƙoƙin Zulu sun ba da gudummawa ga salon Mbaqanga ga waƙoƙin Afirka da kuma salon muryar da ake kira *mbube* da *isicathamiya* . Haka kuma,&nbsp;– maskanda Kayan kida: guitar Sauran = ukubonga.  Waƙar Xhosa ta yi fice a duniya a duniyar jazz ta hanyar Miriam Makeba da sauransu, misali, Amarok na Mike Oldfield ya haɗa da wasu waƙoƙin Xhosa da kalmomin murya. Kayan kida: uhadi.  Kayan kida na Ndbele: guitar Sauran: bikin bira  Harsunan Tekela : Swati, Phuthi, Kudancin Ndebele .
* Salon kiɗan Sotho : mohabelo  Sotho : Birwa, Arewacin Sotho (Pedi), Kudancin Sotho (Sotho), Lozi . Harsunan Sotho-Tswana ; Tswana, Tswapong, Kgalagadi .
* Shona music kuma Tsonga. Kayan aiki: hosho&nbsp;– kalimba&nbsp;- matepe&nbsp;- mbira&nbsp;– ganguna na goma&nbsp;– njari&nbsp;– panpipe Sauran: bikin bira&nbsp;– kushaura-kutsinhira  Shona languages sun hada da Shona dace, Dema, Kalanga, Manyika, Ndau, Nambya, Tawara, Tewe. Harsunan Tswa–Ronga : Ronga, Tswa, Gwamba, Tsonga, Venda .
* Mutanen Ovambo sun kai kimanin 1,500,000 kuma sun ƙunshi wasu ƙungiyoyin dangi da ke zaune a Ovamboland a arewacin Namibia, waɗanda suka ƙunshi kusan rabin al'ummar wannan jihar, da kuma lardin kudu maso gabashin Angola . **Shambo**, wani waƙar rawa ta gargajiya, an haɗa waƙar Ovambo da Kwela, Kangwe Keenyala, Boetie Simon, Lexington da Meme Nanghili na Shima suka shahara da ita, tana da guitar mai ƙarfi, guitar mai ƙarfi, bugun kida da kuma babban bass mai "magana". Herero, mai membobi kusan 240,000, galibi a Namibia, sauran kuma suna zaune a Botswana da Angola suna magana da harshe iri ɗaya, kamar yadda mutanen Himba suke yi. Mutanen *Herero*, waɗanda aka fi sani da *konsert*, sun shahara a Namibia. Damara 'yan asalin ƙasar Bantu ne amma suna magana da harshen "danna" na mutanen daji. Ma/gaisa ko Damara Punch wani nau'in waƙar rawa ne mai shahara wanda ya samo asali daga waƙar gargajiyarsu.
* Pedi  styles = harepa, Instrumentation = harepa

## Kayan kida

* Aburukuwa
* Atoke
* Brekete&nbsp;– *used especially by the Gorovodu, a vodun order of the [[Anlo Ewe|Anlo]] and Ewe people.*
* Axatse&nbsp;– *a rattle or idiophone.*
* Fontomfrom&nbsp;– *the royal talking drum of the [[Mutanen Bono|Bono people]].*
* Kaganu&nbsp;– *a narrow drum or membranophone.*
* Kidi&nbsp;– *a drum about two feet tall*
* Kora (instrument)&nbsp;– *a 21 string double harp-lute*
* Kloboto
* Kpanlogo
* Prempensua&nbsp;– *large thumb piano.*
* Totodzi
* Seprewa&nbsp;– *6–10 stringed harp of the Akan and Fante peoples of south and central Ghana, used in an old genre of praise music.*
* Sogo&nbsp;– *the largest of the supporting drums used to play in Atsiã*
* Lobi xylophone.
* Goun kakagbo&nbsp;– hongan
* Calabash&nbsp;– *A dried calabash bowl turned upside down and hit with the fist and fingers wearing rings. Used as accompaniment to melodic instruments*
* Flutes
* Goonji/Gonjey/Goge&nbsp;– *Traditional one stringed-fiddle played by a majority of other sahelian groups in West Africa.*
* Gungon&nbsp;– *Bass snare drum of the Lunsi ensemble. Of northern origin, it is played throughout Ghana by various groups, known by southern groups as *'brekete*'.* Related to the Dunun drums of other West African peoples.
* Gyil&nbsp;– *large resonant Xylophones, related to the Balafon.*
* Mbira&nbsp;– *small pentatonic thumb piano.*
* Koloko&nbsp;– *Varieties of [[Sahel|Sahelian]] lute. Varieties include the one-stringed 'Kolgo/Koliko' of [[Harsunan Gur|Gur]]-speaking groups, the two-stringed 'Molo' of the [[Zabarmawa|Zabarma]] and Fulani minorities, or the two-stringed 'Gurumi' of the [[Hausawa|Hausa]].*
* Lunna/Kalangu&nbsp;– *Varieties of Hourglass-shaped Talking drums.*
* Musical bow&nbsp;– *known as 'Jinjeram' (in [[Harsunan Gurunsi|Gurunsi]]) or Jinjeli (in [[Mooré|Mossi]]-[[Harshen Dagbani|Dagomba]] languages).*
* Shekere
* Whistles
* Horns
* Lemba people Instrumentation: mbira
* Yombe people Instrumentation: panpipe
* Shangaan Instrument: guitar
* Venda Instruments: ngoma drums&nbsp;– panpipe
* Comorian msondo&nbsp;– ndzendze.
* Zaramo dance/instrument msondo – also ngoma.
* Lango okeme.
* Busoga panpipe

## Rawannin Afirka

### Yamma
Gerewol .  Dan mutane rufe rawa .  Yarbawa gelede .  Hausa asauwara  Ewe rawa: agbadza&nbsp;– Gadzo.  Mande ya haɗa da Madinka, Maninka da Rawar Bamana: bansango&nbsp;– didadi&nbsp;- dimba&nbsp;- sogominkum.  Dagomba dance: takai&nbsp;- damba&nbsp;- jira&nbsp;- simpa&nbsp;– bamaya&nbsp;- tora&nbsp;- gaba. Sao Tomé and Principe dance: danco-Congo&nbsp;– puíta&nbsp;-susu .  Cape Verde  Rawa = batuque&nbsp;- coladera&nbsp;– funaná&nbsp;- morna&nbsp;- taba. Kasena Dances: jongo&nbsp;– nagila&nbsp;- pe zara&nbsp;– yaki dance .  Akan rawa: adowa&nbsp;- osibisaba&nbsp;– suke. The Ashanti  mutanen Nzema  rawa: abissa&nbsp;- shagali&nbsp;- grolo&nbsp;- sidder

### Kudu

* Chewa people Rawa = gule wa mkulu&nbsp;– kyanwa 
* Rawar Lomwe = tchopa 
* Luvale dance = manchancha 
* Rawar Nyanja = rawa&nbsp;– gule wa mkulu likhuba 
* Rawar Tumbuka = rawar vimbuza 
* Kaondedance kachacha 
* Rawar Henga = rawar vimbuza 

## Manazarta

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