Boris Spassky

**Boris Vasilyevich Spassky** ( Russian   ; Janairu 30, 1937 - Fabrairu 27, 2025) babban malamin dara ne na Soviet da Rasha wanda shine zakaran dara na duniya na goma, yana riƙe da kambun daga 1969 zuwa 1972. Spassky ya buga wasanni uku na gasar zakarun duniya: ya sha kashi a hannun Tigran Petrosian a 1966 ; ya doke Petrosian a 1969 ya zama zakaran duniya; sannan ya sha kashi a hannun Bobby Fischer a wani wasa mai suna a 1972 .

Spassky ya lashe gasar cin kofin dara ta Soviet sau biyu a jere ( 1961, 1973 ), kuma ya sha kashi sau biyu a wasannin share fage ( 1956, 1963 ), bayan ya yi kunnen doki a matsayi na farko a lokacin gasar. Ya kasance dan takarar Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Chess sau bakwai ( 1956, 1965, 1968, 1974, 1977, 1980, 1985 ). Baya ga nasarar da 'yan takararsa suka samu a 1965 da 1968, Spassky ya kai matakin kusa da na karshe a 1974 da kuma matakin karshe a 1977.

Spassky ya yi ƙaura zuwa Faransa a shekarar 1976 kuma ya zama ɗan ƙasar Faransa a shekarar 1978. Ya ci gaba da fafatawa a gasa, amma bai sake zama babban mai fafatawa a gasar cin kofin duniya ba. Spassky ya sha kaye a wasan da ba a hukumance ba da Fischer a shekarar 1992. A shekarar 2012, ya bar Faransa ya koma Rasha.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Boris Vasilyevich Spassky a Leningrad, cikin dangin Rasha, a ranar 30 ga Janairu, 1937.   Mahaifinsa, Vasili Vladimirovich Spassky, ya yi aiki a soja.  Ya fito ne daga dangin Vladimir Alexandrovich Spassky, fitaccen firist na Orthodox na Rasha na Kursk Governorate, daga baya ya zama protoiereus na Cocin Rasha (tun 1916), da kuma mataimakin Jiha na Duma (1912-1917) kuma memba mai aiki na Tarayyar Jama'ar Rasha .    Mahaifiyar Boris, Ekaterina Petrovna Spasskaya ( *née* Petrova), malamar makaranta ce. An haife ta a ƙauyen Ryadnevo na gundumar Gdov (yanzu Pskov Oblast ) a matsayin 'yar shege ga Daria Ivanovna Ivanova (daga dangin manoma na gida) da Andrei Kupriyanovich Kupriyanov, mai gida wanda ke da gidaje a Saint Petersburg da Pskov . Bayan wani lokaci, Daria Ivanovna ta gudu zuwa St. Petersburg, ta bar 'yarta tare da Petr Vasiliev, wani danginta, wanda ya rene Ekaterina a ƙarƙashin sunan Petrova. Ta haɗu da mahaifiyarta daga baya.  

Spassky ya koyi wasan dara yana ɗan shekara biyar a cikin jirgin ƙasa da ke ƙaura daga Leningrad a lokacin da aka yi wa Leningrad kawanya a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu . A lokacin yaƙin, an tura shi gidan marayu a Siberia .  Ya fara jawo hankalin jama'a a shekarar 1947 yana ɗan shekara 10, lokacin da ya kayar da zakaran Soviet Mikhail Botvinnik a wani baje kolin da aka yi a Leningrad.  Kocin Spassky na farko shine Vladimir Zak, babban malami kuma mai horarwa.  A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, tun yana ɗan shekara 10, Spassky yakan yi aiki a kan dara na tsawon sa'o'i da yawa a rana tare da masu horarwa na matakin farko . Ya kafa tarihi a matsayin ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru a Soviet da ya kai matsayi na farko (shekaru 10), ɗan takara mai matsayi na farko (shekaru 11), &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup> da kuma matsayin Babban ɗan wasan Soviet (shekaru 15).  A shekarar 1952, yana da shekaru 15, Spassky ya zira kwallaye 50 cikin ɗari a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na gasar Soviet Championship a [[Riga]], kuma ya zo na biyu a gasar Leningrad Championship a wannan shekarar, wanda Botvinnik ya yaba masa sosai. 

A matsayin kididdiga da ta ƙunshi dukkan wasannin da ya buga a rayuwarsa, wasannin da Spassky ya fi bugawa da farin da baƙi sune Sicilian Defence da Ruy Lopez . 

Spassky ya doke Zakarun Duniya guda shida ba tare da jayayya ba aƙalla sau biyu (ba lallai bane a lokacin da suke mulki): Vasily Smyslov, Mikhail Tal, Tigran Petrosian, Bobby Fischer, Anatoly Karpov, da Garry Kasparov . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

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