John Hughes (mai kasuwanci)

**John James Hughes** (1814 - 17  1889)  ya kasance injiniyan Welsh, ɗan kasuwa kuma wanda ya kafa birnin Donetsk . Da farko an kira ƙauyen  (*Hughesovka*, Rasha: Юзoвка) ko Yuzivka (Ukrainian_language" id="mwFQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ukrainian language" typeof="mw:Transclusion">Ukrainian) bayan Hughes, ("Yuz" kasancewa Rasha da Ukrainian kusanci na Hughes), a hukumance ya zama gari a watan Mayu 1917 kuma daga baya, a 1924, an sake masa suna zuwa Stalino (Ukrainian: Сталіно); a 1961, an canza sunan zuwa Donetsk.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Hughes a Merthyr Tydfil, Wales, inda mahaifinsa ya kasance babban injiniya a Cyfarthfa Ironworks . A can ne Hughes ya fara aikinsa, a karkashin kulawar mahaifinsa.

Daga nan sai ya koma Ebbw Vale, kafin ya shiga Uskside foundry a Newport, Monmouthshire, a cikin shekarun 1840. A nan ne Hughes ya yi suna da wadata, ya ba da izini ga abubuwan kirkirar makamai da makamai. Sakamakon kudaden shiga ya ba shi damar samun filin jirgin ruwa mai shekaru 28, kuma yana da shekaru 36 ya mallaki masana'antu a Newport. Har ila yau, a wannan lokacin ne ya auri Elizabeth Lewis, kuma yana da 'ya'ya takwas: yara maza shida da mata biyu, duk an haife su a Newport.

### Ayyukan ƙarfe na Millwall
A tsakiyar shekarun 1850, Hughes ya koma London don ya zama manajan kamfanin C.J. Mare da Kamfanin, wanda Kamfanin Millwall Iron Works & Shipbuilding Company, wani ɓangare na Millwall Ironworks, Shipbuilder and Graving Docks Company ya karbe shi.  Hughes ya kasance darektan kamfanin lokacin da ya rushe, kuma a sakamakon haka ya zama manajan kamfanin Millwall Iron Works Company. A wannan lokacin, kamfanoni daban-daban da magabata sun sami yabo a duk duniya don rufe ƙarfe na jiragen yaki na katako ga Admiralty na Burtaniya, wanda aka ba Hughes yawancin yabo. A shekara ta 1864 ya tsara motar bindiga don manyan bindigogi, wanda Royal Navy ta yi amfani da shi, da kuma jiragen ruwa na wasu ƙasashen Turai.

### Tushen Donetsk
A cikin 1868, Kamfanin Millwall Iron Works ya karɓi umarni daga Gwamnatin Daular Rasha don rufe sansanin sojan ruwa da ake gina a Kronstadt a kan Tekun Baltic .  Hughes ya yarda da izini daga Gwamnatin Daular Rasha don bunkasa ayyukan ƙarfe a yankin, kuma a cikin 1869 ya sami wani yanki a arewacin Tekun Azov daga ɗan ƙasar Rasha Sergei Kochubey (ɗan Viktor Kochubey). 

Ya kafa 'New Russia Company Ltd.' don tara kudade, kuma a lokacin rani na 1870, yana da shekaru 55, ya koma Rasha. Ya yi tafiya tare da jiragen ruwa takwas, ba kawai duk kayan aikin da ake buƙata don kafa aikin ƙarfe ba, har ma da yawancin ƙwararrun ma'aikata; ƙungiyar kusan Ma'aikatan ƙarfe ɗari da masu hakar ma'adinai galibi daga Kudancin Wales.

Nan da nan ya fara gina ayyukan ƙarfe kusa da kogin Kalmius, a wani shafin kusa da ƙauyen Alexandrovka. Ayyukan zamani suna da murhun wuta guda takwas kuma suna iya samun cikakken zagaye na samarwa, tare da Karfe na alade na farko a cikin 1872. A cikin shekarun 1870, an nutse ma'adanai da ma'adinan ƙarfe, kuma an kafa aikin tubali da sauran wurare don yin ayyukan da aka ware sun zama masana'antu masu wadata. Ya ci gaba da gina masana'antar samar da layin dogo. Dukkanin wuraren Hughes an gudanar da su ne a karkashin 'Al'ummar Novorussian don samar da kwal, baƙin ƙarfe da rails'.

Masana'antar Hughes ta ba da sunanta ga ƙauyen da ya girma a cikin inuwa, kuma garin Hughesovka (Yuzovka) ya girma cikin sauri. Hughes da kansa ya samar da asibiti, makarantu, gidajen wanka, ɗakunan shayi, ƙungiyar kashe gobara da Cocin Anglican da aka keɓe ga tsarkaka St George da St David. Yankin da ke kewaye da aikin ƙarfe da sauri ya zama cibiyar masana'antu da al'adu a yankin; yawan mutanen garin da Hughes ya kafa yanzu ya wuce miliyan ɗaya.

A cikin shekaru ashirin masu zuwa, ayyukan sun bunƙasa kuma sun faɗaɗa, da farko a ƙarƙashin John Hughes sannan, bayan mutuwarsa a 1889, a ƙarƙashin kulawar 'ya'yansa maza huɗu.

## manazarta