Peggy Ashcroft

**Dame Edith Margaret Emily Ashcroft** (22 Disamba 1907 - 14 Yuni 1991), wacce aka fi sani da **Peggy Ashcroft**, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Ingila wacce aikinta ya kai sama da shekaru sittin.&nbsp;

An haife ta ne a cikin iyali mai matsakaicin matsayi, Ashcroft ta ƙaddara tun tana ƙarama ta zama 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, duk da adawar iyaye. Tana aiki a ƙananan gidan wasan kwaikwayo har ma kafin ta kammala karatu daga makarantar wasan kwaikwayo, kuma a cikin shekaru biyu tana taka rawa a West End. Ashcroft ta ci gaba da jagoranta a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya na shekaru 50 masu zuwa. Ko da yaushe tana jan hankalin manufofi na ɗakunan wasan kwaikwayo na dindindin, ta yi yawancin ayyukanta ga Old Vic a farkon shekarun 1930, kamfanonin John Gielgud a cikin shekarun 1930 da 1940, Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Shakespeare Memorial da magajinsa Royal Shakespeare Company daga shekarun 1950, da Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa daga shekarun 1970.

Yayinda ake la'akari da shi sosai a cikin Shakespeare, Ashcroft kuma an san ta da jajircewa ga wasan kwaikwayo na zamani, yana bayyana a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Bertolt Brecht, Samuel Beckett da Harold Pinter. An kusan kashe aikinta gaba ɗaya a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kai tsaye har zuwa shekarun 1980. Daga nan sai ta juya zuwa talabijin da sinima tare da gagarumin nasara, ta lashe BAFTAs uku, Kofin Volpi guda ɗaya, Kyautar Golden Globe guda ɗaya da Kyautar Kwalejin, kuma ta sami gabatarwa don ƙarin Kyautar Golden Glob da Kyautar Emmy guda biyu.

## Rayuwa da aiki

### Shekaru na farko
An haifi Ashcroft a Croydon, Surrey, (yanzu a Greater London) ƙaramin yaro kuma 'yar Violetta Maud, née Bernheim (1874-1926) da William Worsley Ashcroft (1878-1918), wakilin ƙasa. A cewar Michael Billington, mai ba da labarinta, Violetta Ashcroft ta fito ne daga asalin Yahudawa na Danish da Jamusanci kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce mai son. An kashe mahaifin Ashcroft a lokacin da yake aiki a yakin duniya na farko . Ta halarci Makarantar Woodford, Gabashin Croydon, inda daya daga cikin malamanta ya karfafa ƙaunarta ga Shakespeare, amma malamai ko mahaifiyarta ba su yarda da sha'awarta ta zama 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ba. Ashcroft ta ƙaddara, duk da haka, kuma tana da shekaru 16, ta shiga Makarantar Magana da Wasan kwaikwayo ta Tsakiya, wacce Elsie Fogerty ke gudanarwa, wacce mahaifiyarta ta karɓi darussan wasu shekaru da suka gabata. Makarantar ta jaddada ta kasance a kan murya da maganganu masu kyau, wanda bai yi kira ga Ashcroft ko kuma ga ɗan ɗalibarta Laurence Olivier ba. Ta koyi ƙarin bayani daga karatun My Life in Art na Constantin Stanislavski, babban darektan Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Moscow.

Yayinda take dalibi, Ashcroft ta fara aikinta na farko a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Birmingham Repertory a cikin farfadowar Dear Brutus na J. M. Barrie a gaban Ralph Richardson, wanda ta yi farin ciki sosai da shi lokacin da ta gan shi a cikin kamfanin yawon shakatawa na Charles Doran yayin da take yarinya.  Ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar Tsakiya a 1927 tare da difloma na Jami'ar London a Dramatic Art .  Ba ta taɓa sha'awar West End ko tauraro ba, ta koyi sana'arta tare da yawancin ƙananan kamfanoni a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Matsayinta na farko na West End shine Naemi a cikin Jew Süss a cikin 1929, wani wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa, wanda ta sami yabo ga dabi'a da gaskiyar wasan kwaikwayonta. A cikin wannan shekarar ta auri Rupert Hart-Davis, sannan mai son wasan kwaikwayo kuma daga baya mai bugawa. Daga baya ya bayyana auren a matsayin "rashin nasara mai banƙyama: mun kasance matasa sosai don sanin abin da muke so ... bayan wahala mai yawa mun rabu kuma mun sake su. A zamanin yau da ni da Peggy tare watakila sau ɗaya ko sau biyu a shekara a gidan cin abinci na Soho kuma suna da kyakkyawar magana ta nostalgic-romantic game da abubuwan da suka faru tun da daɗewa. Ita mutum ce mai kyau kuma mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo da ke rayuwa.&nbsp;

### Shekaru na 1930
A cikin 1930 an jefa Ashcroft a matsayin Desdemona a cikin samar da *Othello* a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Savoy, tare da Paul Robeson a cikin rawar da take takawa. Ba a karɓi samarwar da kyau ba, amma sanarwar Ashcroft ta kasance mai kyau. Samarwar ta haifar da farkawar siyasa a Ashcroft, wanda ya yi mamakin karɓar wasikar ƙiyayya don bayyana a kan mataki tare da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo baƙar fata; ta yi fushi cewa ba a maraba da Robeson a Otal din Savoy ba, duk da kasancewa tauraruwa a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Savoy da ke kusa.  A lokacin gudu tana da ɗan gajeren lokaci tare da Robeson, wanda ya sa Robeson da matarsa Essie Robeson su rabu na ɗan lokaci. Al'amarin su, wanda ya biyo bayan wani tare da marubucin J. B. Priestley, ya kawo karshen auren farko na Ashcroft. Hart-Davis an ba shi saki a 1933, bisa ga zina na Ashcroft tare da darektan Theodore Komisarjevsky.

Daga cikin wadanda suka burge da aikin Ashcroft a matsayin Desdemona shine John Gielgud, wanda aka kafa kwanan nan a matsayin tauraron West End. Ya tuna, "Lokacin da Peggy ta zo a wurin Majalisar Dattijai kamar dai duk fitilu a gidan wasan kwaikwayon sun tashi ba zato ba tsammani".[1] A cikin 1932 an gayyace shi daga Jami'ar Oxford Dramatic Society don gwada hannunsa a jagorantar, a cikin samar da Romeo da Juliet. Ashcroft a matsayin Juliet da Edith Evans a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya sun sami sanarwa ta zinariya, kodayake darektan su, wanda ya riga ya shahara da rashin laifi na harshe, ya kira su "Mata biyu masu jagoranci, kamar su da nake fatan ba zan sake haduwa ba".[2]

## Manazarta