Jami'ar Shari'a

**Jami'ar sirri'a** (wanda aka kafa a 1962 a matsayin **Kwalejin Shari'a ta Ingila da Wales**) jami'a ce mai zaman kanta don riba a Burtaniya, tana ba da digiri na farko da digiri na biyu a fannin shari'a, kasuwanci, ilimin halayyar dan adam, ilimin laifuka, 'yan sanda da kimiyyar kwamfuta. Har ila yau, yana ba da darussan digiri na biyu a cikin ilimi, da ƙwararren horar da shari'a da ci gaba da darushin ci gaban ƙwararru ga lauyoyi Burtaniya, lauyoyi da masu horo; ita ce babbar makarantar shari'a ta Burtaniya. Ya samo asali ne daga 1876.

An kafa Kwalejin Shari'a ta hanyar sashin sarauta a matsayin sadaka a 1975, amma a cikin 2012, kafin a ba da Matsayin jami'a, an raba kasuwancin ilimi da horo kuma an kafa shi a matsayin kamfani mai zaman kansa. Wannan ya zama Kwalejin Shari'a Limited kuma daga baya Jami'ar Shari'a Limitada. An baiwa kwalejin ikon bayar da digiri a shekara ta 2006, kuma a shekarar 2012 ya canza sunansa zuwa Jami'ar Shari'a (ULaw) lokacin da ya zama cibiyar ilimi ta farko a Burtaniya da aka ba shi matsayin jami'a.

Ofishin sadaka, wanda ya kasance an kafa shi ta hanyar sashin sarauta na 1975, ya zama Gidauniyar Ilimi ta Shari'a. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan bayar da matsayin jami'a kuma an sake masa suna Jami'ar Shari'a a cikin 2012, Montagu Private Equity ta sayi Kwalejin Shari'a Limited. Shekaru uku bayan haka, Montagu ya sayar da kamfanin ga mai shi na yanzu, kamfanin Global University Systems na Netherlands.

Jami'ar tana da ɗakunan Karatu goma sha shida a Burtaniya a Birmingham, Bristol, Leeds, Landan (Bloomsbury da Moorgate), Chester" id="mwXA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Manchester">Manchester, Nottingham da Sheffield, Newcastle, Chester, Norwich, Exeter, Southampton, Egham, Reading, Liverpool, da kuma, rassan duniya a Hong Kong da Berlin (GISMA Business School) da kuma harabar kan layi.

The Law Society of England and Wales ta kirkiro Kwalejin Shari'a a cikin 1962 ta hanyar haɗakar makarantar Horar da lauyoyi, Law Society School of Law (wanda aka kafa a cikin 1903) tare da kamfanin koyarwa Gibson da Weldon (wanda aka Kafa a cikin 1876).  An ba da shi a hukumance a ranar 5 ga Satumba 1967 ga Kwalejin Shari'a ta lokacin. An nuna alamar makamai ta Kwalejin Shari'a ta Ingila da Wales tare da taken Leges Juraque Cognoscamus ("Bari mu san dokoki da haƙƙoƙi"). An yi watsi da alamar lokacin da ma'aikatar ta zama kamfani mai zaman kansa.

An kirkiro kwalejin a cikin tsarin shari'a ta Royal Charter a ranar 5 ga Disamba 1975.  An yi rajista a matsayin sadaka a ranar 24 ga Mayu 1976, tare da manufar "don inganta ci gaban ilimin shari'a da nazarin doka a duk rassanta". Har zuwa canja wurin kasuwancin horar da shi zuwa Kwalejin Shari'a mai iyaka a cikin 2012, Kwalejin Dokar ta kasance a cikin manyan 100 na ayyukan agaji na Burtaniya da aka tsara ta hanyar kashewa.

Biye da shawarwarin rahoton Ormrod game da sake fasalin ilimin shari'a a Ingila da Wales, The Law Society ta gabatar da shawarwari a cikin 1975 don karatun jarrabawar ƙarshe na makonni 36 don masu neman lauya da jarrabawar sana'a ta yau da kullun (CPE) ko kuma karatun juyawa na doka ga waɗanda ba na doka ba da za a koyar da su a Kwalejin Shari'a. An gudanar da CPE na farko a shekarar 1978. Yawan cibiyoyin da aka amince da su don isar da CPE a hankali ya karu har zuwa shekara ta 2006 makarantar BPP Law School da jami'o'i 27, mafi yawansu tsoffin polytechnics, suma suna gudanar da karatun. Koyaya, manyan masu ba da CPE (yanzu ana kiransu Digiri na Digiri a Shari'a) sun kasance Kwalejin Shari'a da Makarantar Shari'a ta BPP, waɗanda rajista har yanzu "ya lalata" waɗanda ke cikin jami'o'i a cikin 2010.

A cikin shekarun 1980s, The Law Society ta nemi kwalejin da ta samar da wani makirci don ƙarin karatun a cikin asusun don ma'aikatan da aka tsara (yanzu masu horar da lauyoyi), hada ilmantarwa mai nisa tare da halartar rana ɗaya a laccoci. An ci gaba da karatun nesa a cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da Jami'ar Open tun daga shekarar 1998.  Kwalejin Guildford ta kwalejin ta kuma kafa darasi na ilmantarwa na nesa don masu ba da shawara da ke dawowa aiki bayan hutu na aiki ko waɗanda ke son canza ƙwarewarsu.

1990s sun ga canji a cikin dangantakar dake tsakanin The Law Society da The College of Law. A cikin 1994, Nigel Savage, shugaban makarantar koyar da shari'a ta Jami'ar Nottingham Trent, ya yi kira da a sake nazarin alakar da ke tsakanin kwalejin da The Law Society wadda ke da mambobin majalisarta takwas a kwamitin gwamnonin kwalejin. Savage ya ba da shawarar cewa wannan ya bai wa kwalejin fa'idar rashin adalci wajen ɗaukar ɗalibai zuwa Kwas ɗin Ayyukan Shari'a wanda Ƙungiyar Shari'a ta kafa a cikin 1993 don maye gurbin karatun Jarrabawar Ƙarshe. Har ila yau, al'ummar ta tsara kwas ɗin tare da tantance cibiyoyin da za su sami lasisi don ba da shi. Ya ba da shawarar cewa koleji ya kamata ko dai "ta tsafta" game da dangantakar kuma ta bayyana kanta a matsayin jami'ar kwalejin The Law Society ko kuma ta yanke hanyar haɗin gwiwa kuma ta zama cikakkiyar 'yanci. Daga baya kwalejin ta yanke hanyar haɗin gwiwa, kuma The Law Society ta daina nada gwamnonin kwaleji. Savage ya ci gaba da zama shugaban kasa kuma Shugaba na Kwalejin Shari'a a 1996 kuma ya yi aiki a wannan mukamin na shekaru 18 masu zuwa..

Kwalejin Shari'a ta kafa asibitoci na *pro bono*, tare da dalibai suna gudanar da aikin ba da shawara na shari'a kyauta wanda malaman kwalejin ke kula da shi. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2015, Jami'ar Shari'a (kamar yadda ake kiran kwalejin yanzu) ta sami lasisin tsarin kasuwanci, wanda ya ba ta damar fadada asibitocin shawarwarin shari'a. Har ila yau, ta sake fasalin Darussan Shari'a don ba wa ɗalibai ƙarin zaɓi kuma ta sami kwangila don haɓaka shirye-shiryen LPC na kamfanonin shari'a na musamman don kamfanoni uku na sihiri - Allen &amp;amp; Overy, Clifford Chance da Linklaters. Koyaya, a ƙarshen shekara ta 2014, ta riƙe Linklaters kawai, bayan sun rasa kwangila tare da Allen & Overy da Clifford Chance, waɗanda suka koma Makarantar Shari'a ta BPP.

Kolejin ya sami ikon bayar da digiri daga Majalisar Privy a cikin shekara ta 2006, wanda ya haifar da ci gaban shirye-shiryen digiri na Bachelor da Master of Laws. An kuma buɗe cibiyar London Moorgate a wannan shekarar. A cewar Jami'ar Shari'a, Cibiyar Moorgate ita ce babbar makarantar shari'a ta musamman a Burtaniya.

A cikin 2012, Kwalejin Shari'a ta sami babban gyara. The College of Law Limited an ƙirƙiri shi ne a matsayin kamfani mai zaman kansa mai zaman kansa don gudanar da kasuwancinsa na ilimi da horo. Ƙungiyoyin agaji na iyaye sun canza suna zuwa Gidauniyar Ilimin Shari'a. A cikin Afrilu na waccan shekarar, Montagu Private Equity ta amince da siyan Kwalejin Shari'a Limited akan kusan fam miliyan 200.[1] A ranar 22 ga Nuwamba, 2012, an sanar da cewa kwalejin ta sami cikakken matsayin jami'a kuma za a canza sunanta zuwa "Jami'ar Shari'a". Jim kadan bayan haka, Montague Private Equity ya kammala aikin sayan. Wannan ya haifar da tambayoyi game da halaccin mika ikon bayar da digirin digirgir da aka bayar a karkashin tsarin sarauta zuwa ainihin Kwalejin Shari'a ga sabon kamfani, sannan kuma a sayar da wannan kamfani, wanda yanzu yake da matsayin jami'a, ga mai samar da riba. Ma'aikatar Harkokin Kasuwanci, Ƙirƙira da Ƙwarewa ta Burtaniya ta bayyana cewa yayin da ba za a iya canja wurin ikon ba da digiri ba, lokacin da ci gaba da karatu ya canza matsayinsa na doka, ikon ya kasance tare da shi. An yi la'akari da haka a Jami'ar Shari'a saboda duk asalin Kwalejin Ilimin Shari'a da kasuwancin horarwa an mayar da su zuwa kwalejin don riba, kuma ayyukan da suka rage tare da hukumar da aka ba da izini ba su da alaka da ikon ba da digiri.[2]. An nada Dame Fiona Woolf sabuwar shugabar jami'a ta farko a cikin 2013

Jami'ar ta fara sayar da kadarorinta a kan biyan kuɗi a cikin 2014, farawa da gine-gine huɗu na harabar Bloomsbury. Dangane da nazarin asusun jami'ar a farkon wannan shekarar ta Times Higher Education Supplement, sayan da Montagu Private Equity ta yi a shekarar 2012 ya ɗora jami'ar da £ 177m na bashin. Masu sukar sun kwatanta sayan da Montagu Private Equity ta yi da sayen kungiyoyin Premier League a kwallon kafa na Ingila. A lokacin, Babban kamfanin iyaye na Jami'ar Shari'a shine L-J Holdco Ltd., wanda aka kafa a Guernsey kuma mafi yawan mallakar Montagu-managed funds.

A watan Yunin 2015, Montagu Private Equity ta sayar da jami'ar ga Global University Systems (GUS) don adadin da ba a bayyana ba. Tsohon Sakataren Ilimi da Ayyuka na Burtaniya kuma Sakataren Cikin Gida David Blunkett, a lokacin malami ne mai ziyara a Makarantar Kasuwanci da Kudi ta London (wanda kuma mallakar Global University Systems), an nada shi shugaban hukumar. Jami'ar Shari'a ta ba da sanarwar ƙaddamar da Makarantar Kasuwanci ta De Broc a watan Yulin 2015, amma dole ne ta jinkirta shigar da dalibai na farko (wanda aka shirya don Satumba na wannan shekarar) saboda ƙarancin daukar dalibai. 

A lokacin rani na 2015 kuma an sake fasalin tsarin tafiyar da jami'ar. Provost, Andrea Nolent, shi ma ya ɗauki matsayin Babban Jami'in Ilimi. John Latham, wanda ya kasance Shugaba kuma shugabanta tun 2014 kuma ya sa ido kan siyar da Jami'ar Shari'a ga Tsarin Jami'ar Duniya, yayi murabus ta hanyar "amincin juna." Ofishin shugaban kasa ya zama matsayin da ba na zartarwa ba kuma Lord Grabiner ne ya dauke shi. David Johnston, tsohon babban jami’in gudanarwa ne ya karbi ragamar shugabancin kamfanin. Daga baya masanin tattalin arziki Stelios Platis ya maye gurbin Johnston a matsayin Shugaba a cikin Afrilu 2016. Bi da bi, Platis ya sauka a watan Oktoba 2016 kuma Farfesa Andrea Nollent ya maye gurbinsa da Farfesa Andrea Nollent, wanda ke aiki a matsayin Shugaba da Mataimakin Shugaban kasa..

A watan Satumbar 2018, an nada Lord Neuberger na Abbotsbury, tsohon shugaban Kotun Koli na Burtaniya, don maye gurbin Dame Fiona Woolf a matsayin shugaban jami'ar. 

A ranar 4 ga watan Janairun 2021, daliban Shari'a sun koka cewa jami'ar ta ba su jarrabawa a kan batun da ba a koya musu ba tukuna. Jami'ar ta nemi gafara saboda rikice-rikice.

A ranar 27 ga watan Janairun 2021, an ruwaito cewa mai mallakar Jami'ar Shari'a ta Global University Systems na neman sayar da wani bangare na hannun jarinsa a jami'ar.

## Cibiyoyin karatu
Jami'ar Shari'a tana da ɗakunan karatu a Burtaniya da ke Birmingham, Bristol, Leeds, Landan (Bloomsbury da Moorgate), Manchester, Nottingham da Sheffield .  Har ila yau, tana ba da Digiri na Digiri a cikin Shari'a da Shirye-shiryen Shari'a a wasu jami'o'i hudu na Burtaniya: Jami'ar Exeter (tun daga 2015), Jami'ar Karatu (tun daga 2017), Jami'an Liverpool (tun daga 2018), da Jami'ar Gabashin Anglia (tun daga 2019).   

Jami'ar ta bude reshe na kasa da kasa a Hong Kong a cikin 2019,  wanda ke aiki daga ofishin da ake aiki.  An sayar da harabar Christleton (Chester)  a cikin 2019 kuma an rufe ta a cikin 2021.  

A ranar 30 ga Yuni 2024, an rufe harabar Guildford bayan Elysian Residences ta saye ta.

## Bayanan ilimi
Ya zuwa 2018, darussan da digiri da jami'ar ke bayarwa sun haɗa da Bachelor of Laws (LLB), Bar Professional Training Course, Graduate Diploma in Law, Legal Practice Course, Master of Laws, Master of Science (MSc) in Law, Governance, Risk and Compliance, da kuma Professional Skills Course (don masu horar da lauyoyi a ranar-sakewa). 

An ba da darussan Open University a cikin Shari'a (ciki har da LLB ta hanyar ilmantarwa ta nesa) tare da Jami'ar Shari'a. Koyaya, Jami'ar Open ta sanar a cikin sanarwar manema labarai ta 2013 cewa ana dakatar da wannan haɗin gwiwa kuma zai ƙare gaba ɗaya a cikin 2018.

A cikin 2015, ULaw ta kafa shirin tushe na shekara guda ga ɗaliban ƙasa da ƙasa waɗanda ke son ci gaba zuwa karatun digiri na farko a Burtaniya. Jami'ar Shari'a ba ta cikin Matsayin Ilimi na Jami'o'in Duniya (wanda aka fi sani da Matsayin Shanghai) ko Matsayin Jami'ar Times Higher Education (ciki har da Matsayin Jami-ar QS World), kamar yadda matsayi ya ware kananan da / ko cibiyoyin kwararru.

A cikin *Binciken Dalibai na Kasa* na 2014, an rarraba jami'ar tare da Jami'ar Exeter, Jami'ar East Anglia da Jami'an Buckingham a matsayin jami'a ta biyu mafi nasara a Burtaniya dangane da ƙididdigar ɗalibai, tare da matakin gamsuwa na mai koyo na 92% . A cikin Binciken Dalibai na Kasa na 2016 an sanya jami'ar tare da farko (tare da Jami'ar Buckingham) don gamsuwa a cikin ɗaliban ɗalibai, samun yawan gamsuwa na 97% . Hukumar Kula da Ka'idojin Talla ta lura, duk da haka, cewa wannan ya kwatanta matsayi ga dukkan batutuwa, kuma idan an iyakance shi ga doka, ULaw ya kasance na shida don gamsar da ɗalibai. A cikin 2019, jami'ar ta sami darajar azurfa a cikin Tsarin Koyarwa na Gwamnatin Burtaniya.

## Rashin jituwa
A cikin 2023, Jami'ar Shari'a (ULaw) ta ba da rahoton asarar £ 400,000, wanda ya bambanta da ribar £ 30 da aka samu kafin haraji da aka rubuta a shekarar da ta gabata. Jami'ar ta danganta wannan raguwa da farko ga £ 15.6 miliyan a cikin bashin tsofaffi, wanda ya danganta da matsalolin kudi da suka samo asali daga Cutar COVID-19. An bayar da rahoton cewa an yi amfani da bashin ne saboda kudaden karatun da ba a biya ba, musamman daga daliban da aikace-aikacen tallafi ba su yi nasara ba ko kuma wadanda suka kasa biyan bashin bashi.

Mallakar ULaw a ƙarƙashin Tsarin Jami'ar Duniya (GUS) shima ya ja hankalin bincike. Jami'ar, asalin cibiyar ba da riba ce, an sayar da ita ga Montagu Private Equity a cikin 2012, wanda ya haifar da asarar matsayinta na agaji. Tun daga 2015, GUS ta mallaki shi, mai ba da ilimi don riba wanda Aaron Etingen ke jagoranta. A baya Etingen ya fuskanci suka game da ayyukan gudanarwa a wasu cibiyoyin GUS, ciki har da Kwalejin Fasaha ta London, inda malamai suka ba da rahoton gazawar gudanarwa da rashin isassun albarkatun koyarwa. A cikin 2015, ɗaya daga cikin kwalejoji na GUS an dakatar da shi na ɗan lokaci daga tsarin lamuni na ɗalibai na Burtaniya saboda damuwa game da ƙimar raguwa, kodayake daga baya an dawo da shi.

### Rikici game da korar dalibai
A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2023, Jami'ar Shari'a ta fuskanci zargi game da yadda ake kula da halin da dalibi na kasa da kasa ke ciki. ULaw ya umarci wani dalibi na Pakistan ya isa Burtaniya da wuri fiye da yadda aka shirya don fara karatun sa. Koyaya, saboda rashin sadarwa game da ranar isowa da ta dace, sun shiga ƙasar kafin lokacin visa na su. A sakamakon haka, jami'ar ta kai shi ga Ofishin Cikin Gida. Daga baya, an fara aiwatar da korar mutane. 

## Kungiyar Dalibai
An kafa kungiyar daliban Jami'ar Shari'a tare da manufar inganta ilimi, da kwarewar daliban ULaw. Yana wakiltar bukatun ɗaliban ULaw kuma yana aiki a matsayin tashar sadarwa wajen hulɗa da ULaw da sauran ƙungiyoyi, da kuma ingantawa, ƙarfafawa da daidaita ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai, wasanni da ayyukan zamantakewa. Kungiyar Dalibai tana ba da shawara kyauta, mai zaman kanta ga ɗalibai a kan tambayoyin da suka haɗa da korafe-korafe, roko, horo da kuma izini. Tana gudanar da zabe a kowace shekara don zaɓaɓɓen wakilan da suka haɗa da mataimakin shugaban kowace harabar.  Hakanan tana gudanar da zaɓen shekara-shekara don matsayi na Sabbatical na cikakken lokaci.

## Shahararrun tsofaffi da ma'aikata
Shahararrun tsofaffi da ma'aikatan Jami'ar Shari'a da Kwalejin Shari'a sun hada da: