Sophia Sturge

## Rayuwa
An haifi Sturge a Edgbaston, Birmingham, Ingila a ranar 5 ga Janairu 1849. Ita ce 'yar farko ta Quaker abolitionist Joseph Sturge da matarsa ta biyu Hannah Sturge haifaffen Dickinson . Goggonta mai suna 'yar'uwar Yusufu, kuma ta kasance, kamar Yusufu, wani muhimmin memba na kungiyar yaki da bauta . Bayan karatu a gida, Sophia Sturge ta sadaukar da rayuwarta ga ayyukan agaji da kuma ƙoƙarin kawo gyara. Ta kasance mai son zaman lafiya wacce ta jaddada samar da zaman lafiya ta hanyar mata, ta yi aiki tare da Ƙungiyar Neutrality don adawa da WWI, ta ƙaddamar da wani shiri don taimakawa abokan gaba a WWI kuma ta ba da gudummawar taimako bayan yakin ga yara Jamus. [1] [2]

Sturge ta kasance shugabar Young British Women's Temperance Association kuma memba a Women's Liberal Social Council. Ta kasance mai goyon bayan hakkin mata na kada kuri’a.

A matsayinta na mai goyon bayan motsin Irish Home Rule kuma tana cikin takaici da talauci a Ireland, ta koma garin Connemara a shekarar 1888. A nan, tare da tallafin kudi daga wasu Quakers, ta kafa masana’antar ƙera kwanduna a ƙauyen Letterfrack, wanda tuni ya zama wurin zama ga wasu Quakers. Ta koyar da matasa mata fasahar ƙera kwanduna, wanda hakan ya haifar da kasuwanci mai ɗorewa da ke sayar da kayansa a Biritaniya.

Ta zauna a can har tsawon shekaru bakwai amma daga bisani ta koma Ingila saboda matsalar lafiya. Masana’antar ta ci gaba da aiki karkashin jagoranci har zuwa 1905.

A shekara ta 1900, zaman lafiya ya zama babban abin da ya fi mayar da hankali kan ayyukanta kuma ta halarci taron zaman lafiya na duniya da dama. Ta yi adawa da Yaƙin Boer na Biyu kuma ta goyi bayan yaƙin neman zaɓe da Norman Angell wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel ya jagoranta. Sturge ya zama memba na Union of Democratic Control, wanda shine ƙungiyar matsin lamba na Burtaniya da aka kafa a 1914. Duk da yake ba ƙungiyar masu fafutuka ba, ta yi adawa da tasirin soja a cikin gwamnati. 

On 7 August 1914, the British issued orders to detain all those considered to be dangerous. By the end of August, 4,800 people had been interned although many had been living and working in Britain for decades. On the day that WWI was declared, Sturge was travelling home from London to Birmingham when she saw queues of hundreds of Germans waiting to register as enemy aliens. She wrote a letter to Stephen Hobhouse, a fellow Quaker and prominent peace campaigner, to suggest that the enemy aliens would need help. Her suggestion led to the Quakers setting up the “Emergency Committee for the Assistance of Germans, Austrians and Hungarians in distress” (usually known as the Friends' Emergency Committee). Initially, the committee concentrated on finding people willing to provide employment to Germans who had suddenly been made unemployed; accommodation for those who had been evicted from their homes; and financial help. Many Germans who were reservists had been called home, leaving their British wives and children destitute.  Sometimes the Committee helped people return to Germany.

A watan Disamba 1914, wata kungiyar da suka maye gurbinsu da masu grofen , da kuma za ta kara da cewa ta hanyar 'yar jejin mata ta duniya, Margaret Courtney na Pendoh . 'Yan takarar Dutch, karkashin jagorancin Aletta Jacobs, sun ba da shawarar gudanar da taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Mata a Hague . Sophia Sturge ta kasance a cikin Kwamitin tsara shigar Birtaniyya. Matan Birtaniya 180 ne suka so halartar taron kuma an baiwa 25 fasfo. Duk da haka, gwamnatin Burtaniya ta hana su yin balaguro a minti na karshe kuma an kai musu hari a jaridu a matsayin marasa kishin kasa kuma masu goyon bayan Jamus. A ƙarshe, mata uku ne kawai 'yan Burtaniya suka sami damar zuwa Hague.  

Bayan yakin Sturge ya tafi Netherlands, inda ta taimaka wa yaran Jamus da yakin ya shafa. Ta kuma yi magana a makarantun Burtaniya da yawa kuma ta buga ayyuka da yawa ga yara, ciki har da *Yara na Yunwa*, tarin wasiƙun yara daga Jamus da Austria da aka rubuta bayan yakin duniya na farko. Bayan lokaci, ta fara tambayar halinta ga Quakerism, kuma ta zama memba na Cocin Ingila. Duk da haka, ta sake komawa Quakerism kafin mutuwarta, a ranar 17 ga Janairu 1936. 

## Manazarta