Talabijin a China

**Masana'antar talabijin a [[Sin|China]]** ta haɗa da samar da shirye-shiryen fasaha na zamani, watsawa da ɗaukar hoto. Babban gidan talabijin na ƙasar Sin shi ne gidan talabijin na ƙasa mafi girma kuma mafi ƙarfi a ƙasar Sin. Ya zuwa shekarar 1987, kashi biyu bisa uku na mutanen kasar Sin sun samu damar yin amfani da talabijin, yayin da a yau, akwai tashoshi sama da 3,000 a cikin kasar.

Wasan wasan kwaikwayo na gidan talabijin na ƙasar Sin ya kuma tabbatar da zama wuri mai zafi a cikin shahararrun al'adun yau (mai kama da wasan K-drama ), tare da wasannin kwaikwayo na gidan talabijin na kasar Sin da suka samu karɓuwa irin su *Gimbiya Agents*, *Nirvana a cikin Wuta*, *Tafiyar Fure*, , *Labarin Fadar Yanxi*, *Toka of love*, *The Princess Weiyoung*, *love O2O*, *The Legend of Mi Yue*, *Scarlet Zuciya*, kuma wanda akafi yawan kallo tare da biliyoyin ra'ayoyi tsakanin ƙasar Sin da ya fice a yanar gizo sune, iQiyi, Youku, Tencent Video kuma Le Video . Wasu wasan kwaikwayo sun shahara sosai kuma sun shahara sosai har aka sake su zuwa harsuna daban -daban, tare da jujjuyawa tare da mabiyi.

Yanayin iri -iri na Sinawa shima ya sami nasara sosai tare da shahararrun nishaɗi irin su , , *Sing!* *Kasar Sin* da ƙarin samun karɓuwa a duk duniya, tana samun karɓuwa daga miliyoyin zuwa biliyoyin masu kallo da lashe lambobin yabo da yawa.

## Tarihi

### Asali
Lokacin da aka kafa Jamhuriyar Jama'a a Shekarar 1949, tsarin sadarwa da cibiyoyin sadarwa a China sun tsufa kuma ba su da kyau, kuma da yawa sun lalace ko an lalata su a lokacin Yaƙin Sin da Japan na Biyu . An kafa sadarwa a China cikin hanzari a farkon 1950s. Ya zuwa shekarar 1952 babbar hanyar sadarwa ta mayar da hankali kan Beijing, kuma a ƙarshe an kafa hanyoyin haɗi zuwa manyan biranen, wanda ya ba da damar ƙaddamar da watsa shirye -shiryen talabijin . Tashar talabijin ta farko ta kasar Sin a duniya ita ce gidan talabijin na Rediffusion (yanzu ATV, tun daga 2016), wanda aka kaddamar a Hong Kong a ranar 29 ga  watan Mayu, shekarar 1957. A kan babban yankin, an fara watsa shirye -shiryen kasa na farko a ranar 1 ga watan Mayu, shekarar 1958, kuma an fara gabatar da Gidan Talabijin na Beijing (yanzu Babban Gidan Talabijin na China tun 1978) a ranar 2 ga watan Satumba, shekarar 1958. Bayan wata guda, an ƙaddamar da tashar yanki na farko, Gidan Talabijan na Shanghai, a ranar 9th National Day, wanda shine ranar 1 ga watan Oktoba, shekarar 1958. Gidan talabijin na Liaoning zai fara shekara guda bayan haka, kuma a cikin shekarar 1960, lardunan Zhejiang da Guandong sun sa tashoshin su fara watsa shirye -shirye.

An dakatar da ci gaban hanyoyin sadarwa tare da durkushewar tattalin arziƙi bayan Babban Leap Forward (1958–60) amma ya farfado a cikin shekarar 1960s: an shigar da ayyukan rediyo a manyan biranen a cikin waɗannan shekarun. Daga shekarar 1965 akwai 12 tashoshin tilbijin a babban yankin kasar Sin, 1 kasa da kasa da 11 yanki (idan aka kwatanta da kimanin 700 al'ada tashoshin tilbijin da kuma game da 3,000 na USB tashoshi a yau). Hakanan, a cikin  shekarar 1978, ƙasa da mai karɓar talabijin ɗaya cikin mutane 100, kuma ƙasa da Sinawa miliyan goma ne ke samun damar shiga gidan talabijin (a cikin shekarar 2003 akwai kusan TV talatin da biyar ga kowane mutum 100, kuma kusan Biliyan Sinawa sun sami damar kallon talabijin ); fadadawa da zamanantar da tsarin watsa shirye-shirye ya ci gaba a cikin ƙarshen shekarun 1970 da farkon shekarun 1980.

Har zuwa tsakiyar shekarar 1970 zuwa ƙarshen, watsa shirye-shiryen TV sun fara a ƙarshen yamma kuma sun ƙare da tsakar dare, tare da shirye-shiryen rana na musamman a lokacin hutun bazara da lokacin hunturu ga ɗalibai. BTV, a lokaci guda, ya kuma faɗaɗa isar da shirye -shiryen sa, daga tashar daya tashar ta fara a shekarar 1958, cibiyar sadarwa ta girma zuwa tashoshi 3 a shekarar 1969.

TVB ta fara watsa shirye -shiryen TV na launi na China na farko a Hong Kong a shekarar 1967 da Gidan Talabijin na China a Taiwan a 1969. A kan babban yankin, an fara watsa launi na gwaji a cikin shekarar 1971 akan BTV Channel 2, daga baya ya bazu zuwa tashoshin yanki, kuma a lokaci guda, BTV ya fara watsa shirye -shiryen tauraron dan adam na ƙasa kawai don manyan abubuwan da suka fara a shekarar 1972. BTV ya canza zuwa launi a 1973.

### Shekarun 1980
An kafa Ma'aikatar Rediyo da Talabijin a matsayin wani yanki daban a 1982 don gudanarwa da haɓaka matsayin watsa shirye -shiryen talabijin da rediyo. Wanda ke ƙarƙashin wannan ma'aikatar ita ce Gidan Rediyon Jama'a na Tsakiya, Rediyon Beijing, da Babban Gidan Talabijin na China . Bugu da ƙari, an ba da horo daban-daban na watsa shirye-shirye, neman gwaninta, bincike, wallafe-wallafe, da ƙungiyoyin masana'antu a ƙarƙashin Ma'aikatar Rediyo da Talabijin. A cikin 1986 an canza nauyin masana'antar fim daga Ma'aikatar Al'adu zuwa sabuwar Ma'aikatar Rediyo, Cinema, da Talabijin.

Rediyo da talabijin sun faɗaɗa cikin sauri a cikin shekarun 1980 a matsayin mahimman hanyoyin sadarwar taro da shahararrun nishaɗi. A cikin gidan talabijin na 1982 ya kasance ta hanyar ma'auni ɗaya kawai ga miliyan 350 na yawan jama'ar China na biliyan 1,  kuma galibi ana kallon su ta hanyar jama'a.  Ta hanyar 1985 talabijin ta kai kashi biyu bisa uku na yawan jama'a ta tashoshi sama da 104 (daga 52 a 1984 da 44 a 1983); an kiyasta kashi 85 cikin 100 na mutanen birane sun sami damar kallon talabijin. A wannan lokacin, abubuwan da ke cikin shirye -shiryen sun canza sosai daga laccocin siyasa da jerin ƙididdigar lokacin da ya gabata. Hanyoyin talabijin na al'ada sun kasance nishaɗi, gami da fina -finan fasali, wasanni, wasan kwaikwayo,  kiɗa, rawa, da shirye -shiryen yara. A shekarar 1985 wani bincike na sati na yau da kullun na shirye *-shiryen talabijin wanda littafin Shanghai ya fitar da Wuxiandian Yu Dianshi* (Jaridar Rediyo da Talabijin) ya bayyana cewa sama da rabin shirye -shiryen ana iya kiransu nishaɗi; ilimi ya kasance kashi 24 cikin ɗari na sauran shirye -shiryen da labarai kashi 15. An gabatar da sassan labarai na duniya da yawa kowace yamma. Yawancin aro na labarai an aro su ne daga kungiyoyin labarai na kasashen waje, kuma an yi masa lakabi da taƙaitaccen bayanin Sinawa. Babban gidan talabijin na kasar Sin ya kuma yi kwangila tare da masu watsa shirye -shiryen kasashen waje da dama don shirye -shiryen nishadi. Tsakanin 1982 da 1985, kamfanonin talabijin na Amurka guda shida sun rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar samar da shirye -shiryen Amurka ga China.

Tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1950, mutane a Kogin Pearl Delta sun fara karɓar tashoshi daga Hong Kong tare da kebul na Coaxial (1957-1973) da eriyar Yagi-Uda (1967 zuwa gaba). An dauki tashoshin Hong Kong mafi nishaɗi kuma suna da shirye -shiryen Cantonese. Gwamnatin tsakiya ta hana irin wannan liyafar, amma karamar hukuma ta amince da ita. A ƙarshen shekarun 1980, tashoshin gida sun fara haɗa abubuwan nunin daga Hong Kong.

Ƙasar Sin ta harba tauraron ɗan adam na farko da aka watsa ta talabijin a shekarar 1986.

A shekarar 1987 gidan talabijin na ƙasar Sin (CCTV), cibiyar sadarwa ta jihar, ta gudanar da shirye -shiryen talabijin na kasar Sin. A cikin masu amfani da 1985 sun sayi sabbin saiti miliyan 15, gami da kusan saitin launi miliyan 4. Samar da samfuran ya ragu sosai. Saboda masu kallon Sinawa kan taru a manyan kungiyoyi don kallon tsarin mallakar jama'a, hukumomi sun kiyasta cewa kashi biyu bisa uku na al'ummar suna samun damar talabijin. A cikin 1987 akwai gidajen talabijin kusan miliyan 70, matsakaita 29 a cikin iyalai 100. CCTV tana da tashoshi guda huɗu waɗanda ke ba da shirye -shirye ga sama da gidajen talabijin talatin a ko'ina cikin ƙasar. An fara ginin a kan wani babban sabon gidan talabijin na CCTV a Beijing a shekarar 1985. Gidan talabijin na CCTV ya samar da shirye -shiryensa, wanda mafi yawa daga cikinsu na ilimi ne, kuma Jami'ar Talabijin da ke Beijing tana samar da shirye -shiryen ilimi guda uku a mako -mako. Darasin harshen Ingilishi shine mafi mashahuri shirin kuma yana da kimanin masu kallo miliyan 5 zuwa 6. Sauran shirye -shiryen sun haɗa da labarai na yau da kullun, nishaɗi, wasan kwaikwayo, da shirye -shirye na musamman. Shirye -shiryen kasashen waje sun haɗa da fina -finai da zane -zane. Masu kallon Sinawa sun fi sha'awar kallon labaran duniya, wasanni, da wasan kwaikwayo (duba Al'adun Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin ).

### Shekarun 1990
In September 1993, after acquiring the STAR TV satellite network, Rupert Murdoch publicly declared: Bayan wannan, tsohon firayim minista Li Peng ya nemi kuma ya sami haramcin yin amfani da tauraron ɗan adam a duk faɗin ƙasar. Bayan haka, gidan talabijin na STAR TV ya sauke tashoshin BBC daga tayin tauraron dan adam. Wannan, da kuma wasu bayanan da suka biyo baya daga Murdoch, sun sa masu sukar suka yi imanin dan kasuwar yana ƙoƙarin gamsar da gwamnatin China domin a cire takunkumin.  Ana kuma zargin cewa gwamnatin PRC ba ta ji daɗin watsa labarai na BBC ba kuma ta yi barazanar toshe STAR TV a babbar kasuwar China idan ba a janye BBC ba. Wannan duk da fasahar da ke da ikon toshe BBC World a China, yayin da ta samar da ita a wasu ƙasashen da suke aiki.   

A Sabuwar Shekara ta. 1994 a 06:00 Hangzhou Lokaci, talabijin ɗin Zhejiang shine talabijin China na farko kasuwanci da tauraron dan adam talabijin tushen a Gabas China kewaye yankunan, Yangtze Delta .

A 6 Oktoba 1997 at 09:00 Hefei Lokaci, Anhui Television ya China 's biyu kasuwanci da tauraron ɗan adam talabijin da kuma a ranar 28 ga Disamba wannan shekara a 06:00 Nanjing Lokaci, Jiangsu Talabijin na China 'uku kasuwanci da tauraron dan adam talabijin tushen a Gabas China kewaye yankunan, Yangtze Delta .

A ranar 1 Oktoba 1998 at 06:00 Shanghai Lokaci, Dragon Television (Shanghai) (da aka sani da Shanghai Television ) ya China  huɗu kasuwanci da tauraron dan adam talabijin tushen a Gabas China kewaye yankunan, Yangtze Delta ( free-to-air terrestrial talabijin a Shanghai kawai).

### 2000
A shekara ta 2000, gwamnatin ƙasar Sin ta gabatar da wata manufa ta inganta hadewar kafofin watsa labarai ta hanyar kafa ƙungiyoyin labarai da dama na yankuna daban-daban. Ta kuma kafa cikakkun dokoki game da tara kuɗaɗen masana'antun watsa labarai, hadin gwiwar da ƙasashen waje ke bayarwa da ci gaban kafofin watsa labarai. 

Gwamnatin Rediyo, Finafinai, da Talabijin (SARFT), wacce aka kafa a ƙarshen 2001, ta haɗa albarkatun babban gidan rediyo, talabijin da masana'antar fina-finai da na rediyo da talabijin, kamfanonin Intanet a cikin manyan kamfanoni masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi na China. -Kungiyar watsa labarai ta rufe filayen talabijin, Intanet, wallafe -wallafe, talla, da sauransu. A lokaci guda masana'antar watsa labaru ta kasar Sin tana hadin gwiwa da kungiyoyin kafofin watsa labarai na kasashen waje.

## Tashoshin da aka fi kallo

### Ƙimar tashar tauraron ɗan adam ta sararin samaniya kyauta
Manyan manyan tashoshin tauraron dan adam na lardin 5 bisa la'akari da kimantawa: 

## Jerin cibiyoyin sadarwar ƙasa da tashoshi
 

### Gidan Talabijin na China

### Gidan talabijin na tauraron ɗan adam na kasuwanci kyauta

### Wasu

### Gidan talabijin na tauraron ɗan adam mara daidaituwa

### Tashoshin yara

### Gidan talabijin na tauraron ɗan adam

* Tashar mallakar mai zaman kansa tare da haƙƙoƙin mallakar ƙasa

## Other

* Gidan Talabijin na Nishaɗi na China
* Gidan Talabijin na Phoenix

## Hong Kong
Hong Kong tana da cibiyoyin watsa shirye -shiryen talabijin guda biyu, ATV da TVB . Ƙarshen, wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin 1967, shine tashar kasuwanci ta farko ta yankin kyauta, kuma a halin yanzu shine babban gidan talabijin a yankin. Kaya da talabijin na tauraron dan adam suma sun bazu. Samar da wasan kwaikwayo na sabulu na Hong Kong, jerin wasannin barkwanci da nune-nunen iri-iri sun kai ga masu sauraro da yawa a duk duniya mai magana da Sinanci. Kamfanoni da yawa ne ke ba da kafofin watsa labarai da labarai, ɗayansu gwamnati ce. Talabijan tana ba da babbar hanyar labarai da nishaɗi ga talakawan iyali.

## Macau
Jama'ar Macau na iya karɓar mafi yawan watsa shirye -shiryen watsa shirye -shiryen ƙasa a Hong Kong.

## Nassoshi