Jam'iyyar Progressive (Afirka ta Kudu)

**Jam'iyyar Ci gaba** (Afrikaans: Progressiewe Party) jam'iyya ce mai sassaucin ra'ayi a Afirka ta Kudu wacce a lokacin mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata, ana ɗaukar ta a matsayin reshe na hagu na majalisar farar fata baki ɗaya. Jam'iyyar ta wakilci masu adawa da mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu tsiraru. Ta yi adawa da manufofin ƙabilanci na jam'iyyar National Party mai mulki, kuma ta yi ƙaurin suna wajen bin doka da oda.  Tsawon shekaru 13, mamba ɗaya tilo a majalisa ita ce Helen Suzman.  Daga baya aka canza sunan jam'iyyar Progressive Reform Party a shekarar 1975, sannan Progressive Federal Party a  shekarar 1977. Jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance ta zamani ta ɗauki jam'iyyar a matsayin farkon magabatanta. 

Jam'iyyar Progressive Party ta Afirka ta Kudu ba za ta kasance cikin ruɗani da jam'iyyar Progressive Party ta Cape Colony ba, wacce aka kafa a kan manufofi daban-daban, masu goyon bayan mulkin mallaka kuma wacce ta zama "Jam'iyyar Union" a shekarar 1908. 

## Kirkira
Membobin da suka bar jam'iyyar United Party ne suka kafa jam'iyyar Progressive Party bayan taron jam'iyyar United Party Union da aka gudanar a Bloemfontein tun daga ranar 11 ga watan Agustan 1959. Wakilan jam'iyyar Congress Congress sun zartar da kudurorin siyasa da suka takaita 'yancin siyasa da jam'iyyar ke son baiwa 'yan asalin ƙasar. Progressives sun gano waɗannan kudurori ba su da karɓuwa.

Ba su gamsu da matakin da jam'iyyar United Party ta ɗauka kan manufofin gwamnatin  mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata ba, wasu mambobi goma sha biyu masu sassaucin ra'ayi na Jam'iyyar United sun ɓalle suka kafa Jam'iyyar Progressive Party a shekarar 1959. Jam'iyyar ta yi watsi da wariyar launin fata kuma ta ba da dama ga kowa da kowa tare da ƙwararrun ikon amfani da ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar fasaha tare da jerin sunayen masu jefa ƙuri'a na kowa.

Ƙungiyar Progressive Group of MPs ƙarƙashin jagorancin Dr Bernard Friedman, ta shirya sabuwar jam'iyyar. Taron farko na ruƙunin ya faru ne a gidan Helen Suzman, MP don kujerar Transvaal na Houghton. An gudanar da wannan taro a ranakun 23 – 24 ga watan Agusta 1959. Jam’iyyar Progressive Party ta fara kafa Majalisa a ranar 13 ga watan Nuwamba 1959, a Johannesburg.

Jan Steytler, tsohon shugaban Cape na jam'iyyar United Party, an zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban sabuwar jam'iyyar.

A zaman majalisa a shekara ta 1960, jam'iyyar Progressive Party tana da 'yan majalisa goma sha biyu. An fara zaɓar 11 a Jam'iyyar United Party kuma ɗaya (Ɗan Majalisa Wakili) ya fice daga Jam'iyyar Liberal Party ta Afirka ta Kudu. A ƙarshen waccan majalisar a shekarar 1961, ƙungiyar ta ragu zuwa goma sakamakon soke kujerun wakilan ‘yan asalin ƙasar a ƙarshen shekarar 1960 da kuma murabus ɗin ɗan majalisa ɗaya a watan Janairun 1961.

## Tarihin zaɓe
A babban zaɓe, wanda aka gudanar a ranar 18 ga watan Oktoba, 1961, Jam'iyyar Progressive Party ta taka rawar gani sosai ga sabuwar jam'iyya, inda ta nuna kyakkyawan aiki a kan Jam'iyyar United a yawancin kujerun da ta yi takara, musamman a Transvaal da Natal. Duk da haka, tsarin zaɓen ya yi illa ga jam'iyyar, kuma ko da yake ya zo kusa sosai a Parktown, Helen Suzman a Houghton ita ce kawai 'yar takarar Progressive Party da aka zaɓa. Shekaru goma sha uku kafin ta sake samun abokan aikin jam'iyya a majalisar. A lokacin an sake zaɓar Suzman a shekarar 1966 da 1970. A waɗannan shekarun, ta yi aikin jam'iyyar adawa gaba ɗaya, kuma za ta zama fitacciyar jaruma a cikin Afirka ta Kudu da kuma ƙasashen waje.

Bayan sakamakon zaben, goyon bayan jam'iyyar a tsakanin masu jefa kuri'a ya ragu sosai a shekarar 1966, kuma a maimakon haka ya koma wajen jawo kuri'u masu launi. Jam'iyyar Progressive Party ta lashe kujeru biyu masu wakiltar masu jefa kuri'a masu launi a majalisar lardin Cape a shekarar 1965. Jam'iyyar ta kasa ta mayar da martani ta hanyar tsawaita wa'adin wakilan wakilai masu launin ƙasa guda huɗu, sannan daga ƙarshe ta soke wakilcin zaɓuka masu launi a shekara ta 1970, wanda hakan ya hana jam'iyyar samun kujerun. Duk da nasarorin da aka samu a wasu mazaɓu na farar fata, Suzman ya sake zama ɗan majalisa ko MPC tilo.

Jan Steytler ya ci gaba da zama shugaban jam'iyyar har zuwa watan Disamba 1970, amma kasancewarsa a wajen majalisar ba a ganinsa sosai fiye da Suzman. Harry Lawrence, tsohon Minista kuma mafi girma daga cikin 'yan majalisar da suka bar Jam'iyyar United a shekarar 1959, ya zama shugaban wucin gadi. A watan Fabrairun 1971 Colin Eglin daga Cape Town aka zaɓi shugaban jam'iyyar.

A babban zaɓe na gaba, ranar 24 ga watan Afrilu 1974, Jam'iyyar Progressive Party ta sami babban ci gaba. Baya ga Suzman, wanda aka sake zaɓar Houghton, wasu mambobi biyar sun samu kujeru ciki har da Colin Eglin. An zaɓi ɗan majalisa na bakwai a zaɓen da aka gudanar jim kaɗan bayan haka. Mambobi uku kuma sun samu kujeru a majalisar dokokin lardin Transvaal da Cape. Hakan ne ya fitar da jam’iyyar daga dajin siyasa tare da dora ta kan turbar zama ‘yan adawa a hukumance.

### Sakamakon zaɓe

## Haɗewa da Jam'iyyar Reform
Ƙungiyar masu fafutukar kawo sauyi sun ɓalle daga ɓangaren hagu na jam'iyyar United Party a watan Fabrairun 1975. 'Yan majalisa huɗu ƙarƙashin Harry Schwarz suka kafa jam'iyyar Reform Party. Jam'iyyar Reform ta haɗe da jam'iyyar Progressive Party don kafa jam'iyyar Progressive Reform Party, bayan majalisun da aka gudanar a Johannesburg a ranakun 25 da 26 ga watan Yuli 1975.

Bayan haka, jam’iyyar PRP ta haɗe da wata ƙungiyar da ta ɓalle daga jam’iyyar United Party, wacce ta yi ƙasa a gwiwa sosai a tsakiyar shekarun 1970, ta zama jam’iyyar Progressive Federal Party a shekarar 1977.

## Manazarta

## Duba kuma

* Liberalism
* Gudunmawa ga ka'idar sassaucin ra'ayi
* Liberalism a duniya
* Jerin jam'iyyun masu sassaucin ra'ayi
* Dimokuradiyya mai sassaucin ra'ayi
* Liberalism a Afirka ta Kudu