Yaƙin Anchem

**Yakin Anchem** (kuma **Yakin Anchiem** ko **Yakin Anchim** ) an yi shi ne tsakanin bangarori biyu na gidan sarauta a daular Habasha ( *Mangista Iteeyop'ya* ). An yi yakin ne don sanin wanda zai mulki daular, Empress (  )  Zewditu ko Sarki (  )  Tafari Makonnen .

Yakin Anchem abin tunawa ne domin dakarun da ke goyon bayan Zewditu ba su fito fili suna goyon bayan Empress Zewditu ba. Yakin kuma abin tunawa ne don amfani da yakin tunani da kuma yakin sama da dakarun da ke goyon bayan Tafari suka yi.

## Fage
A ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1928,   Tafari Makonnen, mai shekara 32, Sarkin sarakuna Haile Selassie na farko, ya sami sarautar Empress Zewditu. Tun 1916, a lokacin ƴan tsirarun Tafari, Zewditu ya kasance mai mulki kuma ya yi amfani da iko na gaske a Habasha. Sarautar Tafari a matsayin Sarki ne ya sa ya fara gudanar da mulki a hannun Zewditu. Rawanin sarautarsa kuma ya sa ƙungiyoyi biyu suka ɓullo a cikin gidan sarauta : Bangare ɗaya na goyon bayan Tafari, ɗayan kuma yana goyon bayan Zewditu. Mijin Zewditu kuma shugaban kungiyar masu goyon bayan Zewditu, *Ras* Gugsa Welle mai shekaru hamsin da uku, ya yi tunanin makomar Zewditu ta zama sarauniya kuma za a nada shi Sarkin sarakuna.

A cikin wata guda da sarautar Tefari, 'yan kabilar Raya Oromo sun yi tawaye a lardin Wollo . A matsayinsa na sarki kuma tare da amincewar sarauniyar, *Negus* Tafari ya yi kira ga gwamnonin larduna da dama da ke makwabtaka da su da su murkushe tawayen Oromo. An kira *Ras* Seyum Mangasha daga Axum a yammacin Tigre, *Ras* Gugsa Araya Selassie daga Makalle a gabashin Tigre,   Ayalew Birru daga Semien, da *Ras* Gugsa Welle daga Begemder . Gugsa Welle da sauran su ba su ji dadin hawan *Negus* Tafari ba. Hakan ya sa amsa kiran Tafari ya yi kasa a guiwa, kokarin murkushe Oromo ya wargaza cikin makircin fada, aka ci gaba da tayar da kayar baya. Wani amintaccen dan uwan Tafari, *Ras* Imru Haile Selassie, an yi shi   na Wollo  a kokarin kawo karshen tawaye.

Baya ga rashin jin dadin hawan Tafari, Gugsa Welle ya yi kokarin hada kan "Ethiopian gargajiya" a bangarensa don nuna goyon baya ga matarsa, Sarauniya. A ra'ayin wannan bangare, Tafari ya kasance matashi, kuma ya yi zamani sosai, kuma ana jita-jita cewa ya koma Roman Katolika a asirce.  Gugsa Welle ya rubuta wa shugabannin Tigre da Gojjam wasiku yana neman goyon bayan tawayensa. Ya rubuta wa *Ras* Seyum Mangasha da *Ras* Gugsa Araya Selassie na Tigre da *Ras* Hailu Tekle Haymanot na Gojjam. Duk ukun da farko sun bayyana goyon baya. Amma, bayan an sake nazari, babu wanda ya amsa wasikun daga Gugsa Welle kuma duk shugabannin larduna uku sun kasa shiga tare da shi. A daya bangaren kuma, 'yan kabilar Oromo da ke tawaye sun amince su hada karfi da karfe.

*Negus* Tafari Makonnen da ake kira , al'adar tara harajin lardi .  Wai wai yana tara sojoji ne don a karshe ya murkushe tada kayar baya a Wollo. A lokacin, *Ras* Gugsa Welle bai fito fili yana tayar da zaune tsaye ba, ita kuma Empress Zewditu tana rokonsa da kada ya shiga tada zaune tsaye. A ƙarshe, a matsayinta na gwamnati, Sarauniyar ta kasance a cikin wani baƙon matsayi na kasancewa tare da Sarki Tafari a hukumance tare da yin adawa da mijinta da yake yi mata tawaye. 

Amsa ga , kamar kiran farko na murkushe tawaye a Wollo, ya kasance ƙasa da farin ciki da farko. Sabon Ministan Yaki da aka nada, *Ras* Mulugeta Yeggazu, ya sami damar tayar da *Mahel Sefari*  tare da maza 16,000 kawai. Mafi muni, a watan Janairun 1930, Mulugeta Yeggazu ya sami kansa da mutane 2,000 kawai yayin da ya taru a Dessie . Mafi muni kuma shi ne Gugsa Welle ya fito fili yana tawaye kuma ya riga ya tara sojoji a Debre Tabor na mutane 35,000 masu kishin addini. Ya iya yin hakan ko da ba tare da dakarun Tire da Gojjam ba. 

A ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, Empress Zewditu da Sarki Tafari sun ba da *sanarwar Yekatit* .  Sanarwar ta bayyana cewa *Ras* Gugsa Welle dan tawaye ne . A haɗe da shelar akwai ƙasƙanci da ɗan Koftik *Abuna* Kyrilos da sabbin bishop biyar suka sanya wa hannu, Sauiros, Abraham, Petros, Mikael, da Ishaku. An yi maganin rashin lafiyar ga duk gidajen ibada na Begemder. Ya karkare "Saboda haka, kuna iya bin *Ras* Gugsa Welle, kuna iya jingina kanku gare shi, ku la'ance ku, ku kore ku ; rayuwarku da naman ku sun yi watsi da al'ummar Kirista ." Sadaukar da da yawa daga cikin mutanen da ke bin *Ras* Gugsa Welle ya girgiza da shela da kuma abin da aka makala. 

A tsakiyar watan Maris ne *Ras* Mulugeta ya yi tattaki daga *Mahel Sefari* daga Dessie zuwa Debre Tabor domin fuskantar 'yan tawayen Gugsa Welle. Tare da shi akwai igwa guda biyar, bindigogi bakwai, da wani sabon abu ga yakin Habasha: jiragen sama . 

### Yakin tunani

A ranar 28 ga Maris, 1930, lokacin da sojojin Gugsa Welle suka tsallaka kan iyakar lardin Begemder suna tafiya lardin Shewa, an gamu da wani abu da ba a saba gani ba. Jiragen saman gwamnatin Habasha guda uku ne suka shawagi a sama.  A cikin 1922, *Ras* Tafari Makonnen ya fara nuna sha'awar jirgin sama na soja kuma, a 1929, wani karamin jirgin saman Habasha yana ci gaba da haɓaka kuma yanzu an yi amfani da shi a karon farko.

Jiragen biyu sun jefa kwafi masu yawa na takardu guda biyu da aka ƙirƙira musamman kan sojojin da ke gaba. Wata takarda ta ƙunshi sako daga sabon isowar *Abuna* Kyrilos. Sakon Kyrilos shi ne cewa duk wanda ya yi yaki da sojojin gwamnati za a kore shi. Wata takarda ta biyu ta fito daga Sarki Tafari da Empress Zewditu kuma ta ayyana Gugsa Welle a matsayin dan tawaye. A cikin wani misali na " yakin tunanin mutum ", takardun sun yi kira ga sanannun masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da addini na sojojin da ke yaki da Gugsa Welle. Wasu daga cikin sojojinsa suka fara gudu daga gare shi. 

### Biplanes da filayen Anchem
A ranar 31 ga Maris, sojojin biyu sun hadu a Debre Zebit a filayen Anchem. Da karfe 9:00 na safe, jirage biyun sun sake bayyana. Amma a wannan karon an jefa bama-bamai ba takarda ba a kan sojojin Gugsa Welle. A wannan lokaci a tarihin Habasha, yaƙin iska ya kasance sabon labari, wanda ba a taɓa ganin irinsa ba, kuma ba zato ba tsammani. Yawancin sojojinsa sun gudu daga Gugsa Welle.  

Sojojin da suka yi wa Gugsa Welle sun hada da   Wondosson Kassa a tsakiya,   Ayalew Birru a hannun dama, da *Fitawrari* Fikremariam a hagu. *Fitawrari* Wondosson Kassa shi ne babban dan *Ras* Kassa Haile Darge, *Qegnazmach* Ayalew Birru shi ne ya jagoranci sojojin da suka fito daga Semien, kuma *Fitawrari* Fikremariam shi ne ya jagoranci sojojin na Wollo. A ajiye akwai dakaru karkashin *Ras* Mulugeta Yeggazu da *Dejazmach* Adafrisau Yenado . 

A cewar mujallar *[[Time (magazine)|Time]]*, a lokacin yaƙin, rundunonin biyu da ke gaba da juna ba su daidaita ba. Gugsa Welle da Sojojinsa na Begemder sun kai kimanin mutane 10,000 kuma suna dauke da bindigogin mashina guda goma da kuma bindigu guda biyu. An yi adawa da su akwai sojoji da suka fi dacewa da su kusan 20,000 masu biyayya ga gwamnatin tsakiya.

An fara yakin, bayan sa'o'i hudu, sojojin Masarautar karkashin *Fitawrari* Wondosson Kassa da *Qegnazmach* Ayalew Birru suka samu galaba a kansu. Da guguwar ta karkata ne, sai ga sojojin *Ras* Gugsa Welle da suka girgiza suka fara barinsa da yawa.

### juyin mulki
Jim kadan bayan tsakar rana, an kewaye Ras Gugsa Welle kuma aka ware. A wannan lokacin ne aka yi juyin mulkin . An yi kira ga Gugsa Welle da ya mika wuya. Ya hau kan farar caja, ya zaɓi ya yi yaƙi, aka harbe shi da yawa, aka kashe shi. Fitawrari Shumye, wanda shi ne babban kwamandan sojojin Begemder, ya yi ta gwabzawa har sai da rana ta kama shi. Abin da ya rage na sojojin sai ya wargaje. Abokan Gugsa Welle na Oromo bai taba fitowa ba a lokacin yakin. Maimakon haka, sai suka isa bayan kwana ɗaya.

*Dejazmach* Birru Wolde Gabriel tare da sojojin lardin Sidamo sun shiga Debra Tabor babu hamayya. Da mutuwar Gugsa Welle da kuma halakar da sojojinsa suka yi, aka kawo karshen tawayen. 

## Bayan haka
Gonder, babban birnin lardin Begemder, an karbe shi ba tare da turjiya ba jim kadan bayan kawo karshen yakin Anchem. *Fitawrari* Wondosson Kassa ya amfana saboda mahaifinsa, aminin *Negus* Tafari, an ba shi dukkan filayen da Gugsa Welle ke iko da shi a da. Sakamakon haka, Wondosson Kassa ya zama *Shum* na lardin Begemder.  A cikin kwanaki uku da rasuwar Gugsa Welle, Empress Zewditu ta rasu ne bisa dalilai na halitta.

A ranar 2 ga Nuwamba 1930, kimanin watanni takwas bayan wucewar Zewditu, *Negus* Tafari Makonnen ya zama Sarkin sarakuna ( *Nəgusä Nägäst* )  Haile Selassie I na Habasha. 

## Manazarta