Betsy Gray

**Elizabeth Gray** (kimanin 1778 ko 1780 - 1798), wata fitacciyar jaruma ce a tarihin Tawayen 1798 a Ireland . Waƙoƙi, waƙoƙi da tarihin shahara suna murnar kasancewarta a cikin sahun 'yan Irishmen United, da kuma mutuwarta, a ranar 12 ga Yuni 1798 a Yaƙin Ballynahinch . Bayanan zamani ba su iya tabbatar da labarin da aka bayar dalla-dalla ba, amma suna nuna rawar da mata suka taka wajen tallafawa tawayen, gami da mayaka a fagen daga. A cikin 1898, masu fafutukar mallakar tunawa da ita sun kawo cikas ga bikin tunawa da 'yan asalin Ireland na ƙarni kuma suka lalata alamar kabarinta.

## Tatsuniya game da jarumar 'yan tawaye
Tushen da aka fi ambato game da labarin jarumar 'yan tawaye shine littafin Wesley Guard Lyttle mai suna *Betsy Gray ko Hearts of Down: a Tale of Ninety-Eight* wanda ya fito a shekarar 1888 kuma aka sake buga shi a ƙarshe a shekarar 2008.  Ya haɗa da "Ballad of Betsy Gray" wanda ke tunawa da "alfaharin Down " wanda, bayan bayyanarta a tsakiyar "rashin ƙarfi" a Ballynahinch, an yanke shi (tare da "mafarkin 'yanci") tare da "masoyinta, Willie Boal" da ɗan'uwanta ta hannun gwamnati "Yeos" ( Yeomanry ). Lyttle ya yi iƙirarin cewa "balad har yanzu sananne ne a cikin dubban gidaje", amma bai ba da wani bayani game da ballad ɗin da kansa ba dangane da mawakin ko daga wane tushe ya same shi.

Lyttle editan jarida ne na gida (The North Down Herald ) amma kuma marubuci ne: littafinsa mai suna Hearts of Down wanda Betsy, "mallakar kyawun ban mamaki ... mai wadata da kuma haɓaka ta hanyar zuciya mai dumi, da kuma ɗabi'a mai ƙarfi", ya shiga yaƙi cikin rigar siliki mai kore kuma yana nuna takobi, shine "littafinsa na uku". [1] Amma a cikin gabatarwarsa, Lyttle ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya sami bayanansa daga majiyoyi masu inganci ("an yi hira da waɗanda suka sha wahala a cikin tawayen '98 kuma an ziyarci wurare duk"). [2] Haka kuma gaskiyar ita ce ƙasusuwan labarinsa na "na gargajiya" [3] sun riga sun kasance a cikin bugawa. Jagorar M'Comb zuwa Belfast... da Gundumomin da ke kusa da shi da aka buga a 1861 sun zana zane-zanen McSimin na tawayen (1849) [4] da kuma a kan Sabon Tarihin Ireland da Shahararru (1857) don yin wani labari mai kama da juna. [5]

A cewar Lyttle, Betsy, 'yar Hans Gray, wani manomi a Presbyterian, ta shiga yaƙi "da wani ɗan'uwa kuma masoyinta, wanda ya ƙuduri aniyar raba makomarsu, ya hau kan doki, kuma yana ɗauke da tutar kore". Bayan nasarar da 'yan tawayen suka samu, sai rundunar sojojin Yeomanry ta Hillsborough ta mamaye su ukun. An kashe mutanen biyu suna roƙon 'yancinta, kuma Betsy, bayan an yanke mata hannun safar hannu da takobi, an harbe ta a kai. Daga baya an ga matar ɗaya daga cikin Yeoman, James Little, tana sanye da 'yan kunne da rigar yarinya mai launin kore. A cikin al'umma mai rarrabuwar kawuna, 'yan coci a Cocin Annahilt ɗinsu za su ƙi zama tare da Littles a cikin ɗakin su ɗaya. Yayin da masu biyayya suka sanya "Bessie" a matsayin "ballads marasa kyau", a cikin "ɗaya gida" an ga an rataye "taswira mara kyau wacce ke wakiltar wurin yaƙin tare da jarumarmu a kan doki kuma tana ɗauke da tutar kore". 

Irin waɗannan jarumai, tare da labarai makamantan haka, sun bayyana a wasu gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na tawayen 1798 : Suzy Toole a Wicklow, Mary Doyle a Yaƙin New Ross, da Molly Weston (a kan farin doki kuma sanye da kayan kore) a Yaƙin Tara Hill . 

## Majiyoyin zamani
Baya ga MacSkimin, M'Comb ta ambaci aƙalla wasu ambato guda biyu game da Betsy Gray daga waɗanda suka yi zamani da ita. Akwai tunawa da "fair Elizabeth Gray" na Charles Teeling, shugaban masu kare Katolika.  M'Comb ta kuma sake buga wata waƙa da ke tunawa da asarar "matalauciyar budurwa" a kan "Erin's rusasshiyar fili" ta Miss Balfour da aka buga shekaru goma sha biyu kacal bayan yaƙin a 1810. 

Richard Robert Madden, wani masanin tarihi na farko na United Irishmen, ya sami bayanin Mary Ann McCracken ta jarumar County Down a Ballynahinch tana hawa farar doki tana "ɗaure da sandar launuka".   McCracken, shi ma, ya sami rahoto daga ɗan'uwanta, Henry Joy McCracken, wanda ke gudu bayan ya jagoranci sojojin 'yan tawaye a Yaƙin Antrim, na karɓar "rabin guinea da ƙananan abubuwa" daga "G. Gray". An yi hasashen cewa wannan, wataƙila ɗan'uwan Betsy ne George. 

Ba tare da gano Betsy ba, wasu majiyoyi na zamani, waɗanda suka fi kusa da abin da ya faru, sun ba da damar fahimtar labarinta. Bayan Yaƙin Ballynahinch, *Jaridar Freeman* ta ruwaito cewa an kashe mata biyu (wanda jaridar da ke goyon bayanta a wancan lokacin ta bayyana a matsayin karuwai) bayan sun ɗauki matsayin 'yan tawaye a fagen daga.  A rubuce-rubuce a 1825, James Thomson (mahaifin Lord Kelvin ), ya tuna a matsayin ɗan shekara goma sha biyu yana raka mata 'yan iyalinsa da abinci ga 'yan tawayen kuma yana jin rahotannin cewa mata biyu ko uku "sun ci gaba da zama a fagen daga a lokacin yaƙin, suna miƙa wuya ga rabonsu na ayyukansu da haɗarinsu kuma suna yin ayyuka masu ƙarfin hali kamar mazan". 

Akwai kuma abubuwan tunawa da Hugh McCall da ya bayyana a cikin *Lisburn Standard* a shekarar 1895. Tun yana yaro, mahaifiyar kwamandan 'yan tawaye "Harry Munroe" ( Henry Munro ) ta gaya wa McCall cewa 'yarta "Peg," wata yarinya mai shekaru iri ɗaya da Bessie, ta hau kan filin yaƙi. An ɗora Peg Munro a kan doki mai launin toka kuma tana sanye da sarƙar toka. 

Wani ƙaramin littafi, "Out in '98", wanda aka buga a shekarun 1920, ya sake buga ƙaramin littafin Betsy Gray wanda aka danganta (mai yiwuwa a apocryphally)  ga "Newell of Downpatrick ".  Mai zane-zane Edward John Newell, bisa ga *Life and Confessions of Newell, Informer*, ɗan ƙasar Ireland ne wanda ya ci amanar mambobi sama da ɗari biyu da masu tausayawa ga gwamnati.   Duk da haka, babu wata alaƙa kai tsaye da ta yi kama da an haɗa ta tsakanin ƙaddarar Gray da cin amanar mai zane.

## Manazarta