open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Masallacin Aali

**Masallacin Aali** masallaci ne da ke Srinagar, a yankin haɗin gwiwa na Jammu da Kashmir, Indiya. Sultan Ali Shah, babban ɗan'uwan Sultan Zain al-Abidin (Budshah), ya gina masallacin a shekara ta 1395 CE, kuma ya sanya wa masallacin suna da sunansa.  Ana kuma kyautata zaton an gina shi a shekara ta 1471 CE a lokacin mulkin Sarki Shamiri Sultan Hassan Shah kuma an sanya masa suna bayan Sayyid Ali Hamadani (Shah Hamdan).

## Gine-gine
Ginin shine babban masallacin da ke cikin harabar Eidgah Srinagar, wanda kuma aka sanya masa suna bayan Sayyid Ali Hamadani . Hakanan shine masallaci na biyu mafi girma a kwarin Kashmir bayan Masallacin Jamia, wanda kuma yake a Srinagar. Ginin yana nuna hadewar musamman tsakanin al'adun Asiya ta Tsakiya da na gida na gine-ginen katako. Masallacin an gina shi ne akan  grid da aka tallafa a kan ginshiƙan katako 151, kowanne  da faɗinsa  . Babban zauren da ke ƙasan bene yana da tsawon  da  kuma ya ƙunshi irin waɗannan kayayyaki guda 75. Duk ginshiƙan Deodar guda 151 an ɗora su a kan ginshiƙan dutse da aka sassaka tare da ƙira daban-daban. Faɗin masallacin gabaɗaya .

## Manazarta
Masallacin Jameh na Abarkuh

**Masallacin Jāmeh na Abarkuh** masallacin Juma'a ne na ' yan Shi'a wanda ke Abarkuh, a lardin Yazd, Iran. An fara kammala shi a zamanin Buyid, tare da ƙarin abubuwa da gyare-gyare daga baya a zamanin Seljuk, Ilkhanid, Timurid, da Safavid, masallacin yana kusa da filin birnin, kuma an kammala shi, bayan gyare-gyare da yawa, a shekara ta 1338 CE.

An ƙara masallacin a cikin Jerin Gidajen Tarihi na Ƙasa na Iran a ranar 31 ga Yuli 1933, wanda Hukumar Al'adu, Sana'o'i da Yawon Bude Ido ta Iran ta gudanar.

## Hotunan Hotuna

Fayil:تکیه_.jpg|alt=The mosque in 2017| Masallacin a shekarar 2017
Fayil:تکیه_ابوالفضل_ارادان.jpg|alt=Worshippers in front of the mosque, undated| Masu ibada a gaban masallaci, ba tare da an gama ba
Fayil:تعزیه_حر.jpg|alt=Worshippers inside the mosque, undated| Masu ibada a cikin masallaci, ba tare da an gama ba


## Manazarta
Qasr Al Hosn

**Qasr Al Hosn** wani wuri ne na tarihi kuma ginin dutse mafi tsufa a birnin Abu Dhabi, babban birnin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. Mohammed Al Bastaki ne ya kula da ginin a shekarar 1761.

## Wuri
Yana kan titin Rashid Bin Saeed Al Maktoum kuma wani ɓangare ne na Gidauniyar Al'adu ta Abu Dhabi.

## Tarihi

Qasr Al Hosn, wanda aka fi sani da *Farin Gari* (wanda a da ba fari ba ne a launi amma an yi masa fenti da farin haske a lokacin gyaran 1976-1983) ko kuma *Tsohon Gari*, an gina shi a shekarar 1761 a matsayin hasumiya mai siffar konkoma don kare rijiyar ruwa mai tsafta guda ɗaya a tsibirin Abu Dhabi. Daga baya aka faɗaɗa hasumiyar zuwa ƙaramin ganuwa a shekarar 1793 ta hannun mai mulkin wancan lokacin, Shakhbut bin Dhiyab Al Nahyan, kuma ya zama mazaunin Sheikh mai mulki na dindindin. Hasumiyar ta ɗauki siffarta ta yanzu bayan an tsawaita ta a ƙarshen shekarun 1930, tare da taimakon kuɗaɗen shiga da aka samu don ba da lasisin mai na farko a Abu Dhabi. Ya ci gaba da kasancewa fadar sarki (saboda haka sunan Qasr Al Hosn, ma'ana fadar sarki) kuma cibiyar gwamnati har zuwa 1966. An sake gyara sansanin sau da yawa kuma yanzu an buɗe shi ga jama'a kaɗan.

## Amfani na yanzu

A halin yanzu, Qasr Al Hosn yana cikin manyan abubuwan da ake gudanar da bincike a tarihi, kayan tarihi, da gine-gine. Katangar tana dauke da gidan tarihi da ke nuna kayan tarihi da hotuna da ke wakiltar tarihin kasar. Haka kuma tana da nau'ikan makamai daban-daban, wadanda aka yi amfani da su a tarihin yankin, wadanda aka nuna.

Bikin Qasr Al Hosn wani biki ne na al'adu na tsawon kwanaki 11 da ake gudanarwa a filin sansanin. An bude sansanin ga jama'a a lokacin bikin, ciki har da wasu daga cikin yankunan da aka takaita kuma yana dauke da raye-raye da raye-raye da ke nuna al'adun Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa.

## Masallaci
Yana kan titin Zayed na Farko.

## Manazarta
Phyllis Chinlund

Phyllis Chinlund (an haife ta a ranar 2 ga Mayu, 1939) tsohuwar mai shirya fina-finai ce 'yar Amurka, ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa mai ritaya, kuma mai rubuta tarihin rayuwa. Ta yi aiki a kan fina-finan fina-finai sama da ashirin a matsayin darakta da mai shirya fina-finai kuma ta kasance memba na Guggenheim a shekarar 1980. Daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa ta tsofaffi bayan ta koma Maine, kuma ta rubuta tarihin rayuwa mai suna Looking Back from the Gate (2016).

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Phyllis Chinlund a ranar 2 ga Mayu, 1939, a birnin New York,  kuma ta zauna a Pittsburgh tun tana ƙarama.  Ta sami digirin farko na BA daga Kwalejin Smith a 1961. 

A shekarar 1965, Chinlund ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin fina-finan gaskiya daga Jami'ar Stanford, ta koma birnin New York, kuma ta fara aikinta na shirya fina-finai,   daga ƙarshe ta sami aƙalla yabo ashirin na darakta da edita a matsayin mai shirya fina-finai na gaskiya.  Ta lashe kyautar CINE Golden Eagle saboda fim ɗinta *Robin, Peter and Darryl: Three to the Hospital* (1968), kyautar Christopher Columbus International Film Festival for *Two Worlds to Remember* (1970), da kuma kyautar International Film & TV Festival of New York Silver Medal for *It Begin with Birds* (1974).  Fim ɗinta *Good Girl* ya nuna a shirin WNET *Adolescent Rites* a ranar 14 ga Oktoba, 1979.  Ta kuma yi shirye-shirye biyu na *Old Friends ...* *New Friends* a shekarar 1980, musamman waɗanda suka nuna Willie Stargell da Orville Harrison.  

A shekarar 1980,  Chinlund ta sami lambar yabo ta Guggenheim a fannin shirya fina-finai.  Ta kasance edita a Fim ɗin shirin gaskiya na  *The Women of Summer* .  A shekarar 1987, ta fito a shirin gaskiya na PBS *The Television Makers* . 

Chinlund ta sami digirin digiri na biyu a fannin aikin zamantakewa daga Makarantar Silberman ta Ayyukan Jama'a a shekarar 1989, kuma ta fara aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin zamantakewa, inda ƙwarewarta ta kasance lafiyar kwakwalwa ta tsofaffi.   A shekarar 2013, ta yi ritaya daga aikin zamantakewa.  A watan Afrilun 2016, ta fitar da wani littafi mai suna " *Looking Back from the Gate: A Story of Love, Art, and Dementia"*, wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi daga wani littafi da ta rubuta a lokacin da take fama da cutar Alzheimer ta mijinta. 

Chinlund ya auri mai daukar hoto da kuma mai shirya fina-finai Ray Witlin a shekarar 1970, bayan da dukkansu suka rabu da matayensu na baya.   Sun ci gaba da yin aure har sai da ya mutu a shekarar 2002.  Ya zuwa shekarar 2016, ta zauna a Cumberland Foreside, Maine, bayan ta koma jihar daga Manhattan a shekarar 1998 saboda hauhawar farashin gidaje a birnin New York . 

## Fim ɗin fim

* *Robin, Peter da Darryl: Uku zuwa Asibiti* (1968). 
* *Duniya Biyu da Za a Tuna* (1970)
* *Ya Fara da Tsuntsaye* (1974) 
* *Kyakkyawan Yarinya* (1979) 
* *Tsoffin Abokai, Sabbin Abokai* (1980; a matsayin darakta kuma furodusa na shirye-shirye biyu)  
* *Pablo Picasso: Gadon Hazaka* (1982, a matsayin edita kuma furodusa) 
* *Matan bazara* (1985, a matsayin edita) 

## Manazarta
Babban Masallacin Anwar

**Babban Masallacin Anwar**, wanda kuma ake kira **Masallacin Al-Anwar** ko kuma kawai **Masallacin Anwar**,  masallaci ne da ke cikin Merkato a cikin gundumar Arada ta Addis Ababa, Habasha . Shi ne masallaci mafi girma kuma mafi tsufa a Addis Ababa. Italiyanci ne suka gina shi a kimanin  kuma an kammala shi da taimakon kuɗaɗen Musulmi bayan da aka ci gaba da biyan kuɗin kwangila na dala 16,000.

## Bayani
Babban Masallacin Anwar yana cikin Merkato, a gundumar Arada da ke Addis Ababa. Gwamnatin Italiya ce ta gina shi a  Masallacin shine mafi girma kuma daya daga cikin tsoffin masallatai a Addis Ababa. Masallacin yana da gine-gine na musamman tare da launuka fari da kore.

Bayan da Italiyawa suka tafi ba tare da an gama ginin ba, Musulmai sun tattara kuɗi don ci gaba da ginin. Bayan kammala ginin, ba a biya ɗan kwangilar ETB 16,000 ba, wanda ya sa aka rufe masallacin na tsawon kwanaki biyu bisa umarnin kotu. Daga nan aka sake buɗe masallacin a matsayin kuɗin da mutum ɗaya zai biya.

A lokacin azumi, dubban mutane suna taruwa a harabar masallacin kuma mutane za su iya ɗaukar turare don ƙamshi a cikin masallacin. Wani dandamali mai ɗaukuwa wanda aka sanya a tsakiyar ginshiƙai masu kore waɗanda ke tallafawa fararen bangon waje da kusurwoyi waɗanda ke samar da fuskar masallacin mai ban mamaki.

## Manyan abubuwan da suka faru
A ranar 21 ga Fabrairu, 1995, rikici ya ɓarke tsakanin 'yan sanda da mai goyon bayan mataimakin shugaban majalisar koli ta harkokin addinin Musulunci ta Habasha na lokacin, wanda ya yi sanadiyyar kama mutane 40 daga cikin manyan musulmi, sannan mutane 9 suka mutu. Lamarin ya girgiza mazauna Musulmi, kuma an dakatar da buga wasu mujallun Musulunci tun daga 1991. Tsakanin ƙarshen 1995 da farkon 1996, akwai jaridu takwas da aka buga a cikin Amharic waɗanda suka ƙunshi batutuwa na addini da na duniya da kuma ra'ayoyi masu dacewa da suka shafi Musulunci. Rarraba waɗannan takardu ya kasance abin jayayya a tsakanin al'ummar Musulunci waɗanda suka yi imanin cewa buga jaridu a cikin Amharic zai iya tsara al'adun Musulmi.

A ranar 11 ga Disamba, 2015, an kai harin gurneti a lokacin sallar magariba, wanda ya yi sanadiyyar raunata mutane goma a cewar gwamnati. Ministan Yada Labarai Getachew Reda ya ce ana gudanar da bincike kan harin kuma hukumomi ba su da tabbas.

## Manazarta
Neta Crawford

**Neta C. Crawford** FBA ( /n iː t ə / NEE -tuh ;  an haife ta a 1961) ƙwararriyar masanin kimiyyar siyasa ce ta Amurka. Ita ce shugabar hulɗar ƙasa da ƙasa ta Montague Burton a Jami'ar Oxford kuma tana da Digiri na Farfesa a Kwalejin Balliol .  Crawford ta taɓa yin aiki a matsayin farfesa kuma shugabar Sashen Kimiyyar Siyasa a Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Jami'ar Boston da ke Boston, Massachusetts . 

Crawford ya kafa Costs of War Project tare da masanin ilimin ɗan adam Catherine Lutz a shekarar 2010 kuma a halin yanzu yana aiki tare da Lutz da Stephanie Savell a matsayin darakta mai haɗin gwiwa a aikin.

## Ilimi da aiki
Crawford ta sami digirin farko na Fasaha daga Jami'ar Brown a shekarar 1985, inda ta ci gaba da karatun digiri mai zaman kansa mai taken "Tsarin Yaƙi da Madadin Militarism ." Ta sami digirin digirgir a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts, inda ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1992. Daga 1994 zuwa 1996, Crawford ta kammala karatun digiri na uku a Cibiyar Watson ta Brown don Harkokin Ƙasa da Jama'a . Bayan koyarwa a Jami'ar Massachusetts, Amherst,  ta koma Brown a matsayin mataimakiya kuma farfesa mai taimako daga baya. A shekarar 2005, an naɗa ta Farfesa a Kimiyyar Siyasa a Jami'ar Boston . 

A shekara ta 2010, Crawford ya kafa Shirin Kuɗin Yaƙi tare da manufar yin rikodin kuɗaɗen da suka kashe kai tsaye da kuma kai tsaye ga ɗan adam da kuma na kuɗi na yaƙin ta'addanci .  Aikin ya fitar da bincikensa na farko a watan Yunin 2011 kuma yana ci gaba da bugawa tun daga lokacin. Aikin shine cikakken lissafin jama'a na kuɗin ayyukan sojojin Amurka bayan 11 ga Satumba wanda aka tattara zuwa yanzu.  

Tun daga watan Oktoban 2017, Crawford ta yi aiki a hukumar kula da harkokin kare yaduwar makaman nukiliya, Council for a Livable World . Tana aiki a allunan edita na *Mujallar Falsafar Siyasa* da *Ra'ayoyin Duniya. *

A shekarar 2021, an naɗa Crawford a matsayin Farfesa a fannin hulɗa da ƙasashen duniya a Jami'ar Oxford.  An zaɓe ta a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Burtaniya a shekarar 2023. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Crawford baƙar fata ce kuma ’yar asalin Amurka. Ita ’yar madigo ce.  

## Littattafai

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*  
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* 
*  

## Manazarta
Mikkel Aagaard

**Mikkel Aagaard** (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga Oktoba 1995) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon hockey ne ɗan ƙasar Denmark wanda a halin yanzu yake wasa da Skellefteå AIK na ƙungiyar ƙwallon hockey ta Sweden (SHL).

## Sana'ar wasa
Ba tare da an rubuta shi ba, Aagaard ya buga wasa a ƙasarsa ta Denmark tare da Frederikshavn White Hawks kafin ya koma Arewacin Amurka don buga manyan wasannin hockey na matasa a gasar Hockey ta Ontario tare da Niagara IceDogs da Sudbury Wolves .

A ranar 5 ga Oktoba 2016, ya fara aikinsa na ƙwararren ɗan wasa na Arewacin Amurka ta hanyar sanya hannu da Stockton Heat na AHL don kakar wasa ta 2016–17 .  Aagaard ya raba kakar wasa tsakanin Heat da ƙungiyar ECHL, Adirondack Thunder . Ya tattara maki 11 a wasanni 25 tare da Heat kafin ya buga wasanni 4 bayan kakar wasa tare da ƙungiyar.

A matsayinsa na ɗan wasa mai zaman kansa daga Heat, Aagaard ya zaɓi ci gaba da AHL bayan ya gwada halartar sansanin horo na Springfield Thunderbirds . Don yin kyakkyawan ra'ayi, an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara ɗaya tare da Thunderbirds don kakar wasa ta 2017-18 a ranar 4 ga Oktoba 2017.  Aagard ya buga wasanni 23 tare da Springfield kafin a sake tura shi zuwa ƙungiyar ECHL, Manchester Monarchs, sannan daga baya aka sake shi daga kwangilarsa a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2018. 

Bayan rashin sanya hannu a lokacin hutun kakar wasa, Aagaard ya yanke shawarar dakatar da aikinsa na ƙwararru, inda ya yi rajista a Jami'ar Guelph zuwa babban fannin lissafin kuɗi, yayin da ya shiga Gryphons a gasar Canadian Interuniversity Sport (CIS) a ranar 19 ga Satumba, 2018. 

Aagaard ya buga wasanni biyu a kakar wasa tare da Guelph kafin ya koma ƙungiyar kwararru don kawo ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2019-20, inda ya amince da kwangilarsa da ƙungiyar Jamus, Grizzlys Wolfsburg ta Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL). 

Da annobar COVID-19 ta kawo ƙarshen kakar wasa ta DEL kafin wasannin share fagen shiga gasar, Aagaard ya koma Sweden a matsayin ɗan wasa mai zaman kansa, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu da MoDo Hockey na Allsvenskan a ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 2020. 

Aagaard ya kafa kansa a matsayin mai kai hari a lokacin da ya shafe shekaru biyar yana aiki da MoDo, inda ya bar ƙungiyar bayan ta koma Allsvenskan bayan kakar wasa ta 2024-25, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu don ci gaba da kasancewa a SHL tare da Skellefteå AIK a ranar 25 ga Afrilu 2025. 

## Ƙididdigar aiki

### Kakar wasa ta yau da kullun da kuma wasannin share fage

### Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa

## Manazarta
Nina Banks

**Nina Banks** ƙwararriyar masanin tattalin arziki ce 'yar Amurka wacce farfesa ce a fannin tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Bucknell  kuma tsohuwar shugabar Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Ƙasa .  Elle a auparavant siégé au conseil d'administration de la International Association for Feminist Economics (IAFFE) da kuma jam'iyyar da ta yi nasara a kwamitin rédaction de vues Feminist Economics et The Review of Black Political Political Economy.  An san ta da bincikenta kan gudummawar da masana tattalin arziki na farko mata, musamman Sadie Alexander .     Ita ce ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa taron 'Yanci da Adalci na NEA da ASHE.  Ta kuma buga wani aiki da ke bayyana darajar tattalin arziki na fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata baƙaƙe a al'umma.  

Tun tana ƙarama, Nina Banks ta lura da rashin daidaiton tattalin arziki da ya yi fice a garinsu na Pennsylvania. Tana aiki ta hanyar tattalin arziki maimakon ilimin ɗan adam don haskaka tushen rashin daidaiton launin fata da ta fuskanta.

## Zaɓaɓɓun ayyuka

* Banks, Nina. " Dimokuradiyya, Kabila, da Adalci: Jawabai da Rubutu na Sadie TM Alexander ." Jami'ar Yale Press, 2021
* Banks, Nina, Geoffrey Schneider, da Paul Susman. "Biyan kuɗaɗen ba wai kawai ka'ida ba ce: koyon hidima game da albashin rayuwa." Sharhin Tattalin Arzikin Siyasa Mai Tsanani 37, lamba 3 (2005): 346–356.
* Banks, Nina. "Ɗaukaka Tseren Gida Ta Hanyar Tsarin Gida: Tsarin Jari-hujja, Hijira Baƙar fata-Amurka, Da Tattalin Arzikin Gida A Babban Zamanin Hijira Na 1916—1930." Tattalin Arzikin Mata 12, lamba 4 (2006): 599–624.
* Banks, Nina. "Mata baƙaƙe da ci gaban launin fata: Tattalin arzikin Sadie Tanner Mossell Alexander." Sharhin Tattalin Arzikin Siyasa na Baƙaƙe 33, lamba 1 (2005): 9-24.
* Banks, Nina. "Ma'aikacin Baƙar fata, adalci na tattalin arziki da jawaban Sadie TM Alexander." Sharhin Tattalin Arzikin Zamantakewa 66, lamba 2 (2008): 139–161.

## Manazarta
Paris Adkins-Jackson

**Paris ("AJ") Adkins-Jackson** ƙwararriyar masaniyar cututtuka ce, mai bincike kan daidaiton lafiya, kuma Mataimakin Farfesa na Ilimin Cututtuka da Kimiyyar Zamantakewa a Makarantar Mailman ta Lafiyar Jama'a a Jami'ar Columbia da ke New York.  Tana amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban da suka haɗa bayanai masu inganci da adadi don nazarin lafiyar al'umma da kuma rawar da wariyar launin fata ke takawa wajen tsufa mai kyau. 

Adkins-Jackson ta girma a kudancin tsakiyar Los Angeles, 'yar wani mawaƙiya.  Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Hamilton . Ta sami digirin farko a fannin aikin jarida daga Jami'ar Jihar Humboldt a 2005, digiri na biyu a fannin fasaha daga Cibiyar Nazarin Haɗaka ta California a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a 2007, da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin lafiyar jama'a daga Jami'ar Graduate ta Claremont a 2012.  

A lokacin da take dalibar digirin digirgir a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam a Jami'ar Jihar Morgan, an nada ta a matsayin dalibar HBCU ta shekarar 2016, ta hanyar Shirin Fadar White House kan Kwalejoji da Jami'o'in Baƙar fata na Tarihi.

Ta sami digirin PhD a shekarar 2018 tare da wani digiri mai taken, *Binciken Ingancin Kula da Kai ga Mata Baƙaƙe: Nazarin Hanyar Haɗaka* .   A shekarar 2021, ita da abokan aikinta sun buga jagora ga masana cututtuka da sauran masu bincike kan auna wariyar launin fata a tsarin jiki . 

Adkins-Jackson ta yi nazarin rashin amincewa da shiga cikin gwajin asibiti,  kuma tana nazarin yadda tashin hankalin 'yan sanda da kuma tsare mutanen Baƙaƙe da Latinx/a/o a tsakiyar rayuwa na iya taimakawa wajen haifar da cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwa a rayuwa ta gaba.  Tana kuma gwada ingancin shiga tsakani na yaƙi da wariyar launin fata. 

Adkins-Jackson memba ne na kwamitin gudanarwa na Society for the Analysis African American Public Health Issues,  kuma babban jami'in bincike a Cibiyar Binciken Yaƙi da Wariyar launin fata don Daidaiton Lafiya. 

## Manazarta
Emma Benn

**Emma Katherine Tara Benn** Masanin kimiyyar halittu ne na Amurka wanda bincikensa ya haɗa da ƙaddamar da bambancin kiwon lafiya a matsayin hanyar taimakawa wajen gano manufofi don shiga tsakani game da waɗannan bambance-bambance. Tana aiki a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Icahn a Dutsen Sinai, inda take farfesa a Sashen Kimiyya na Lafiya na Jama'a, wanda ke da alaƙa da Cibiyar Biostatistics . Har ila yau, ita ce mataimakiyar shugaban ma'aikata da ci gaba, kuma darakta mai kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya a Makarantar Icahn .  

## Ilimi da aiki
Benn Ba'amurke ce 'yar Afirka, kuma asalinta daga Bryn Mawr ne, Pennsylvania ; mahaifiyarta tana aiki a Kwalejin Bryn Mawr kuma a matsayinta na ɗalibi mai hazaka a fannin lissafi, tana yawan haɗuwa da farfesoshin lissafi na Bryn Mawr, ciki har da Helen G. Grundman . Ta yi karatun digiri a Kwalejin Swarthmore, inda ta sami ƙwararren masanin lissafi ɗan Afirka Ba'amurke Garikai Campbell a matsayin mai ba da shawara da abin koyi.  Ta kammala karatun digiri a shekarar 2004 da digirin farko a fannin sinadarai,  kuma ta sami digiri na biyu da digiri na uku a fannin lafiyar jama'a a Makarantar Lafiyar Jama'a ta Jami'ar Columbia .  A Columbia, ta haɗu ta kafa Shirin Horar da Cututtukan Zamani na Biostatistics Epidemiology (BEST) Diversity Program. 

A shekarar 2012, bayan ta kammala karatunta na DrPH, ta shiga Makarantar Likitanci ta Icahn da ke Mount Sinai.

## Ganewa
A shekarar 2022, an zaɓe Benn a matsayin memba na Ƙungiyar Kididdiga ta Amurka .  An zaɓe ta a matsayin memba na Ƙungiyar Mata a Lissafi a shekarar 2023. 

## Manazarta




## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Cibiyar Bambancin Kimiyya (Benn Lab)
*  ta wallafa a shafinta
Katie Booth (masaniyar kimiyya)

**Katie Booth** ( née Patterson, 23 ga Mayu, 1907 - 26 ga Agusta, 2006)  ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar sinadarai ne na Amurka kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a . 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Katie Booth a Gulfport, Mississippi a ranar 23 ga Mayu, 1907 ga Joseph Patterson da Ida Coffye. Ta halarci makaranta har zuwa aji takwas a ɗaki ɗaya a cocinta, sannan ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta 33rd Avenue da ke Gulfport, inda ta kasance memba na farko a cikin ajin da ta kammala karatun digiri a 1929.

## Sana'a
Bayan kammala karatunta, ta koma Arkadelphia, Arkansas, don yin aiki a Hukumar Ilimi ta Presbyterian.  Booth ta yi aiki a Hukumar Ilimi tsawon shekaru goma kafin ta koma Little Rock, Arkansas don halartar Jami'ar Philander Smith bisa tallafin karatu. Ta sami Digirin Ilimi na Asali a 1940. 

Lokacin da Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ya fara, Booth ta ƙaura zuwa Chicago, Illinois, ta fara aiki a Kamfanin Casting na Doehler-Jarvis Die. Ta kuma yi rajista a azuzuwan Cibiyar Fasaha ta Illinois, kuma ta kammala karatun digiri a fannin sinadarai na masana'antu.  Ita ce kaɗai ɗaliba 'yar Afirka-Amurka a cikin darussanta a cibiyar.  Yayin da take zaune a Chicago, ta haɗu ta auri Robert Booth, wanda ya yi yaƙi a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu kuma ya mutu sakamakon raunukan yaƙi shekaru takwas bayan haka. 

Booth ta ci gaba da aiki a Sashen Magunguna a Makarantar Likitanci ta Chicago (wani ɓangare na Jami'ar Magunguna da Kimiyya ta Rosalind Franklin ), ƙwararriya a fannin matakan rigakafi, lafiyar yara, kula da mata masu juna biyu, da kuma maganin cutar sikila .  Ta yi ritaya a shekarar 1970. 

Ta rasu a shekarar 2006, tana da shekaru 99.

## Ƙungiyoyin fafutuka da gado
Booth ta kuma shiga cikin fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a kuma ta shiga cikin ayyukan yin rijistar masu zaɓe a Yammacin Chicago. A shekarun 1960, ta kasance memba a Gundumar West Side ta Hukumar Gidaje ta Chicago, kuma tana da hannu a Operation PUSH (People United to Serve Humanity).  A shekarun 1980, ta taimaka da wani shiri na yin rijista wanda ya kai ga zaɓen Harold Washington, baƙar fata na farko a magajin garin Chicago.  Booth kuma ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar Church Women United, wata ƙungiya ta haɗin gwiwa. 

Booth ta koma Gulfport wani lokaci bayan 1985, inda ta ci gaba da kasancewa cikin al'umma har zuwa shekarunta na casa'in, tana aiki don faɗaɗa ayyukan yara da ake da su a Cibiyar Al'umma ta Magnolia Grove.  An sake masa suna Cibiyar Al'umma ta Katie Patterson Booth a 2003. 

Larry Crowe na The HistoryMakers ya yi wa Booth hira a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba, 2002. 

## Manazarta
Felecia Davis

**Felecia Davis** ƙwararriyar mai zane ce a Amurka, injiniya kuma mai ilimi. Ita ce shugabar FELECIA DAVIS STUDIO inda take haɗa fasaha, injiniya, ƙira da gine-gine. Davis ta shahara da aikinta a fannin yadi na kwamfuta. 

## Ilimi
Davis ta sami digirinta na farko a fannin injiniyanci daga Jami'ar Tufts a shekarar 1982; digiri na biyu a fannin gine-gine daga Jami'ar Princeton da kuma digirin digirgir a cikin Ƙungiyar Zane da Lissafi a Makarantar Zane-zane da Tsare-tsare a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts .

## Sana'a
Binciken Davis ya binciki mahadar da ke tsakanin yadi da gine-gine da nufin samar da kayayyaki da abubuwan da suka dace da muhallinsu. Musamman ma, amfani da Architextiles ya haɗa ƙera kayan zamani da kuma aikin lissafi don samar da yadi wanda zai iya sauƙaƙe ayyuka iri-iri.  Zuwa yanzu, Davis ta ƙirƙiro yadi waɗanda za su iya amsawa ga taɓawar marasa lafiya a asibiti waɗanda ba sa magana; tantuna masu daidaitawa waɗanda za su iya canza girma da siffa bisa ga canje-canje a cikin haske da adadin mutanen da ke ƙarƙashinsa; da kuma bangon yadi waɗanda ke canzawa bisa ga motsin zuciyar waɗanda ke cikin ɗakin. 

A shekarar 2022, tare da Patti Anahory, an zaɓe ta a matsayin madadin kyautar gine-gine ta WOJR-Civitella Ranieri Foundation. 

A halin yanzu, Davis mataimakiyar farfesa ce a Cibiyar Stuckeman Center for Design Computing a Makarantar Gine-gine da Tsarin Zane-zane na Ƙasa a Jami'ar Jihar Pennsylvania, inda ita ce kuma darakta ta SOFTLAB@PSU.  Ita kuma memba ce ta kafa Ƙungiyar Baƙar fata ta Reconstruction Collective .  FELECIA DAVIS STUDIO ta kasance ta ƙarshe a gasar zane-zane da yawa.

## Littattafan tarihi

* *MAI BUƊEWA : Tsarin Zane-zanen Yadi na Kwamfuta* (2021) [Sl]: ACTAR.  . OCLC&nbsp; .
* *JI: Sadarwa Ta Hanyar Bayyana Yadi* (2019), Fasaha | Gine-gine + Zane, 3:2, 146–149, 2019   
* *Taɓawa: Sadarwar Motsin Rai ta Hanyar Bayyana Yadi na Kwamfuta* (2018), Zaman Kwamfuta na Motsin Rai da Yanayi a cikin Takardun HCII na 2018, Rarrabawa, Hulɗar Yanayi da Yaɗuwa, Las Vegas.

## Manazarta
Afrilu Carson

April Perry Carson ƙwararriyar masaniyar cututtukan dabbobi ce ta Amurka. Ita farfesa ce a fannin cututtuka masu yaduwa kuma shugabar sashen bambancin ra'ayi, daidaito, da haɗa kai a Jami'ar Alabama da ke Makarantar Lafiyar Jama'a ta Birmingham . Carson darakta ce a Cibiyar Nazarin Zuciya ta Jackson.

## Ilimi
Carson ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin ilimin halittu masu rai a Jami'ar Georgia . Ta sami digiri na MSPH da Ph.D. a fannin ilimin cututtuka a Makarantar Lafiyar Jama'a ta UNC Gillings .  Carson ta kasance mai bincike na gaba da digiri na biyu a fannin cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini a UNC.  Takardar digirinta ta 2005 an yi mata taken *Matsayin Mutum da na al'umma a fannin tattalin arziki a duk tsawon rayuwarta da kuma atherosclerosis na asibiti* .  Mai ba Carson shawara kan digiri na uku shi ne  . 

## Sana'a
Carson farfesa ce ta farfesa a fannin cututtuka da kuma shugabar sashen nazarin bambancin ra'ayi, daidaito, da kuma haɗa kai a Jami'ar Alabama da ke Birmingham (UAB) School of Public Health.  A ranar 20 ga Satumba, 2021, ta maye gurbin Adolfo Correa a matsayin darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Zuciya ta Jackson (JHS). JHS ita ce babbar kuma mafi dadewa a binciken lafiyar zuciya da jijiyoyin jini da aka gudanar a Amurka a Amurka a cikin 'yan Afirka .  

Carson tana da tarihin nazarin tasirin da cututtuka ke yi wa 'yan Afirka Ba'amurke.  A matsayinta na masaniyar cututtukan dabbobi a UAB, ta yi aiki don gano da magance tushen bambance-bambancen da ke tattare da ciwon suga da cututtukan zuciya.  Ta shiga cikin binciken Ci gaban Hadarin Jijiyoyin Zuciya a Matasan Manya (CARDIA),  wanda ke duba abubuwan da ke taimakawa wajen ci gaban cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini fiye da girma a cikin 'yan Afirka Ba'amurke da fararen Amurkawa waɗanda ba 'yan Hispanic ba .  Carson ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Littattafai da Gabatarwa na binciken da Kwamitin Dakunan Gwaji. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Kwamitin Sabbin Masu Bincike, inda ta jagoranci ayyukan bincike, ta ba da ƙwarewar kimiyya, kuma ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɗa masana kimiyya na farko a cikin binciken. 

## Manazarta
Carolyn Cannon-Alfred

**Carolyn L. Cannon-Alfred** (an haife ta a ranar 16 ga Agusta, 1934) 29 ga Agusta, 1987) ƙwararriyar masaniyar magunguna ce 'yar Amurka wadda ta kafa asibitin likitanci a Kudancin tsakiyar Los Angeles . Ta kasance mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin harhada magunguna a Makarantar Magunguna ta Keck ta USC kuma babbar masaniyar harhada magunguna a Dakunan gwaje-gwaje na Riker . Cannon-Alfred ya rubuta tare da haɗin gwiwar *Littafin Jagora na Likitanci ga Layman* a 1969. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haife ta a ranar 16 ga Agusta, 1934, a Tyler, Texas . Ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Emmett J. Scott a shekarar 1950. Cannon-Alfred memba ne na Cocin St. James Colored Methodist Episcopal . 

A shekarar 1954, ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a Jami'ar Toledo . Daga baya, ta sami digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar Howard a shekarar 1957. Takardar karatunta mai taken *Nazarin tasirin cortisone mai tsanani, tare da yin nuni na musamman ga zuciya: tasirin potassium, digitalis da N-Allyl-Nor-Morphine (Nalline)* . 

An ɗauke ta aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar masanin magunguna da kuma malamar fannin magunguna a Jami'ar Howard tsakanin 1957 da 1959.  Ta sami digirin digirgir a fannin ilimin harhada magunguna daga Jami'ar Georgetown a 1961. Takardar digirinta mai taken *The nature of Cocaine desensitization of Ephedrine Pressor responses* .

## Sana'a
Carolyn ta yi aiki a matsayin babbar Likitan Magunguna a Riker Laboratories, kuma a shekarar 1962 ta sami mukamin mataimakiyar bincike a Asibitin California Riverside. Ta sami tallafin bincike na shekaru biyu daga Cibiyar Zuciya ta Kasa a shekarar 1964, sannan ta koma Makarantar Magunguna ta Keck ta USC a matsayin mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin Magunguna. Cannon-Alfred ya yi bincike kan ilimin cututtukan zuciya da na jiki.  

Tare da mijinta, J. Tyrone Alfred, sun rubuta Littafin Jagora na Likitanci ga Layman . Majalisar birnin Los Angeles ta girmama ma'auratan saboda littafin kuma ta gabatar musu da kudurin majalisar a wani biki da aka gudanar a shekarar 1971 a zauren birnin. Ita da mijinta sun kafa asibitin likitanci a kudu maso tsakiyar birnin Los Angeles, kuma burin Cannon-Alfred shine siyan wani rukunin gidaje a yankin wanda zai iya zama wurin zama ga tsofaffi.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Cannon-Alfred ya auri J. Tyrone Alfred, wanda suka haifi 'ya'ya mata uku tare. Carolyn ta mutu a ranar 29 ga Agusta, 1987 a wani asibiti a Los Angeles bayan wata rashin lafiya ta gaggawa. 

## Littattafai da aka zaɓa
Mujallar da ta fi dacewa a cikin aikinta ita ce *Littafin Jagora na Likitanci don Layman* wanda ya rubuta tare da mijinta, da kuma takardar kimiyya ta takardar digirin digirgir.

* 
*  

## Manazarta
Aminul Islama Badsha

**Aminul Islama Badsha** (14 ga Afrilu 1929 - 4 ga Agusta 1998) ya kasance mai fafutukar yunkurin yaren Bangladesh kuma mai fafutuka da 'yanci. Don nuna godiya ga gudummawar da ya bayar a cikin Yunkurin yaren Bengali a 1952, Gwamnatin Bangladesh ta ba shi lambar yabo ta biyu mafi girma ta farar hula Ekushey Padak bayan mutuwarsa a shekarar 2020  

## Haihuwar
An haifi Aminul Islam Badsha a ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 1929, a Krishnapur Mahalla, Pabna, Bangladesh . Mahaifinsa shi ne Nuruzzaman Sheikh kuma mahaifiyarsa Khabiren Nesa ce.

## Rayuwar Siyasa
a 1943 A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Aminul Pabna, yayin da yake dalibi a Gopal Chandra Institution, ya shiga Selina Banu da Comrade Pratima Kumar Roy a siyasar Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Indiya kuma ya shiga Tarayyar Dalibai. Ya shiga cikin yunkurin 'yancin kai da juriya ga yunwa a Indiya ta Burtaniya.

Aminul ya shiga cikin wannan lokacin da aka kafa ƙungiyar Jubo ta dimokuradiyya a taron matasa da aka gudanar a Ishwardi a Pabna a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 1947 a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Raja Shahi Ataur Rahman . Ya shiga cikin kafa Jam'iyyar Jubo ta Democrat a farkon shekarar 1948 kuma ya shiga cikin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban da ke adawa da Ƙungiyar Musulmi ta Indiya, gami da ɗaurin kurkuku. An zabi dan gwagwarmayar dimokuradiyya na Gundumar Pabna a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa na Shibir a zaben United Front a zaben lardin. A shekara ta 1970, Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan ya shiga jam'iyyar National Awami Party NAP da Bhasani ya kafa, kuma a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar, majalisar lardin ta shiga cikin babban zaben a shekarar 1970. Pabna ya zama memba na Babban Kwamandan Yakin 'Yanci wanda Mataimakin Kwamishinan ya kafa a shekarar 1971. An nada shi zuwa Yakin 'Yanci a Kolkata lokacin da sojojin Pakistan suka mamaye gundumar Pabna a ranar 10 ga Afrilu na wannan shekarar. Bayan samun 'yancin kai, Bangladesh ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunkasa wani zaɓi mai ci gaba ga siyasar kasar.

## Motsi na Harshe
An zabi Aminulul a matsayin mai haɗuwa na Parishad lokacin da aka kafa majalisar gwagwarmayar harshe a taron jam'iyyun a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, 1948. Dangane da shawarar taron jam'iyyun da aka yanke a ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, an gudanar da yajin aikin a ranar 29 ga Fabrairun 1948 a Pabna. Ya jagoranci jerin dalibai a birnin Pabna bayan yajin aikin.

## Kurkuku
'Yan sanda sun kama masu tayar da kayar baya 4 ciki har da Aminul Islam Badsha daga shirin yajin aiki saboda keta Mataki na 5. Daga baya, a fuskar tashin hankali, an saki kotun a wannan rana, tare da sauran ma'aikatansa. An sake kama shi a ranar 2 ga watan Maris kuma an sake shi bayan 'yan kwanaki. 

A ranar 27 ga Afrilu, an kashe harbe-harbe na juyin juya halin 'yan sanda na kurkuku a kan wadanda aka kama a yankin Rajshahi Central Jail Khapra kuma fiye da fursunoni 7 sun ji mummunan rauni. Aminul Islam Badsha na ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka ji rauni. Har zuwa ranar mutuwarsa, yana da harsashi a kafafunsa. Ka hana kanka karɓar fa'idodin jihar ko jam'iyya don maganin ƙafa.

## Manazarta
Syeda Shahar Banu

**Syeda Shahar Banu** (Bengali; 1914-1983) ta kasance jagora ce ta ƙungiyar yaren Bengali kuma ta fara ƙungiyar kare hakkin mata a Sylhet . Ta kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jagorancin raba gardama na Sylhet na 1947 da kuma kafa Kwalejin Mata ta Gwamnatin Sylhet . 

## Rayuwa ta farko da iyali
An haifi Syeda Shahar Banu Chowdhury a shekara ta 1914 a ƙauyen Syedpur a Jagannathpur, Sunamganj Subdivision . Mahaifinta, Syed Abul Bashar Chowdhury, ɗan mawaki ne mai ban mamaki Syed Ashhar Ali Chowdhuria, kuma jikan zamindar Dewan Syed Ajmal Ali Chowddury . Iyalin sun gaji lakabi daga kakanninmu Dewan Syed Wasil Ali Chowdhury, wanda aka nada shi Sadar-e-Ala da Dewan a zamanin Nawabi.

## Yunkurin zamantakewa da siyasa
Shahar Banu ta shiga cikin gwagwarmayar zamantakewa ta yi wahayi zuwa gare ta daga mijinta, Abu Ahmad Abdul Hafiz, wanda ya kasance ɗan siyasa kuma mai ba da shawara. Ta ba da gudummawa wajen kafa kungiyar Sylhet Women's Muslim League, reshe na All-India Muslim League, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin co-shugabanta daga 1945 zuwa 1948. Daga baya ta zama shugabar kungiyar mata ta Sylhet .

Shahar Banu ita ce mace ta farko a Majalisar Dokokin Assam . A cikin jagorancin raba gardama na Sylhet na 1947, ta yi tafiya a cikin gidaje da yawa da ke shirya mata. A lokaci guda, dole ne ta yi aiki a cikin haɗari, ta yi watsi da ƙuntatawa mai ƙarfi na al'ummar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da Majalisa ta Indiya. An kuma haɗa ta da Kwalejin Mata ta Gwamnatin Sylhet tun daga farko. Lokacin da kwalejin ke gab da rufewa a 1950, ta yi ƙoƙari ta ci gaba da rayuwa. Ta kasance tana karfafa 'yan mata gwiwa don samun ilimi. Ta tafi daga gida zuwa gida don samun 'yan mata masu wucewa a kwaleji.

## Yunkurin harshe
Tun a farkon 1947, Shahar Banu ya shiga cikin ƙungiyar yaren Bengali. An ba da wata yarjejeniya ga Khawaja Nazimuddin, tsohon Babban Ministan Gabashin Bengal, ta hanyar matan Gundumar Sylhet da ke neman yin Bengali harshen jihar. Shahar Banu Chowdhury na ɗaya daga cikin masu farawa da masu sanya hannu kan wannan yarjejeniyar tarihi.  Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin a duk ƙungiyoyin harshe a Sylhet . Tare da Zobeda Khanom Chowdhury, wani mai fafutukar harshe, da sauransu, wasu bangarori daban-daban masu goyon bayan Pakistan sun gurfanar da su saboda gwagwarmayarsu don haƙƙin harshe. An yi musu ladabi daban-daban na zamantakewa, daga tsegumi a cikin jaridu.

## Manazarta
Desiré Whitmore

**Desiré Delia Whitmore** (an haife ta a ranar 8 ga Satumba, 1980) ƙwararriyar masaniyar kimiyyar laser ce 'yar Amurka, mai sadarwa a kimiyya, kuma mai koyar da kimiyyar lissafi a Exploratorium da ke San Francisco.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Whitmore ta girma a Kudancin California kuma ta fara sha'awar kimiyya, fasaha, injiniyanci, da lissafi (STEM) tun tana ƙarama. Ta halarci Kwalejin Antelope Valley, inda ta sami digiri na *Associate of Science* a fannin kimiyyar jiki. Daga nan ta koma Jami'ar California, Los Angeles (UCLA), inda ta sami digiri na farko a fannin injiniyancin sinadarai. Whitmore ta ci gaba da samun digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyya da digiri na uku a fannin kimiyyar sinadarai da kayan aiki daga Jami'ar California, Irvine.

## Aiki
Binciken Whitmore ta mayar da hankali kan na'urar *laser spectroscopy* da kuma ci gaban tsarin laser mai sauri.    Binciken digirin digirgir ɗinta ya mayar da hankali kan haɓaka tsarin *laser* mai sauri don nazarin girgizar ƙwayoyin halitta guda ɗaya, electrons da ke tafiya a saman ƙarfe, da kuma hasken digo-digogin quantum masu sarrafawa. Ta gudanar da bincike na digiri na biyu a Jami'ar California, Berkeley, inda ta tsara kuma ta gina tsarin laser X-ray na tebur attosecond, wanda ke samar da bugun laser mafi sauri da aka taɓa aunawa.   

Whitmore ta koyar da darussan kimiyyar lissafi da fasahar laser a Kwalejin Irvine Valley,     kuma ta taimaka wajen haɓaka shirin photonics a Advanced Technology &amp;amp; Education Park (ATEP).  Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin ƙwararriyar masaniyar manhajar kimiyya da kuma mai haɓaka manhajar a Lawrence Hall of Science, inda ta ƙirƙiri manhajar kimiyya da kayan ilmantarwa ga ɗaliban K-8.   Ya zuwa shekarar 2024, Whitmore babbar mai koyar da kimiyyar lissafi ce a Exploratorium, inda take jagorantar bita kan ci gaban ƙwararru ga malaman makarantun sakandare da sakandare.    

## Manazarta
Md. Abdul Gafur

**Md. Abdul Gafur** ya kasance memba na Majalisar Dokokin Kasa ta 4 ta Pakistan a matsayin wakilin Gabashin Pakistan .

## Ayyuka
Gafur ya kasance memba na Majalisar Dokokin Kasa ta 4 ta Pakistan wanda ke wakiltar Khulna-III . 

Gafur tsohon soja ne na ƙungiyar yaren Bengali .  An zabe shi a Majalisar Dokokin Pakistan a shekarar 1970. 

An zabi Gafur a majalisar dokokin farko ta Bangladesh bayan samun 'yancin kai a shekarar 1971.  An harbe shi a ranar 6 ga Yuni 1972, memba na farko na majalisa da aka kashe a Independence Bangladesh . h

## Manazarta
Henry Sweet

**Henry Sweet** (15 ga Satumba 1845 - 30 ga Afrilu 1912) masanin ilimin Ingilishi ne, masanin sauti da kuma masanin ilimin lissafi.

A matsayinsa na masanin ilimin harshe, ya ƙware a cikin yarukan Jamusanci, musamman Tsohon Turanci da Tsohon Norse. Bugu da kari, Sweet ya buga ayyuka a kan manyan batutuwa na phonetics da harshe a cikin harshe da koyar da harsuna. Yawancin ra'ayoyinsa sun kasance masu tasiri, kuma yawancin ayyukansa suna ci gaba da bugawa, ana amfani da su azaman matani a kwalejoji da jami'o'i.

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Henry Sweet a St Pancras, Landan . Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Bruce Castle da Makarantar King's College, Landan.   A shekara ta 1864, ya yi ɗan gajeren lokaci yana karatu a Jami'ar Heidelberg .   Bayan dawowarsa Ingila, ya fara aiki a ofis a wani kamfanin ciniki a Landan.  Bayan shekaru biyar, yana da shekaru ashirin da huɗu, ya sami tallafin karatu a Jamusanci kuma ya shiga Kwalejin Balliol da ke Oxford . 

Sweet ya yi watsi da aikinsa na ilimi, ya mai da hankali kan neman kyakkyawan aiki a cikin karatunsa na sirri. Sanarwar farko ta zo ne a shekararsa ta farko a Oxford, lokacin da babbar kungiyar Philological Society (wanda daga baya ya zama shugabanta) ta buga takarda a kan Tsohon Turanci. A shekara ta 1871, har yanzu yana karatun digiri, ya shirya fassarar Sarki Alfred na *[[Cura Pastoralis]]* don Early English Text Society (King Alfred's West-Saxon Version of Gregory's Pastoral Care: With an English Translation, the Latin Text, Notes, and an Introduction), sharhinsa wanda ya kafa tushe ga Tsohon Turanci dialectology. Ya kammala karatu a 1873, kusan shekaru talatin, tare da digiri na huɗu a cikin literae humaniores .  Ayyukan da suka biyo baya a kan Tsohon Turanci sun haɗa da An Anglo-Saxon Reader (1876),  *Tsohon Littattafan Ingilishi* (1885) da A Student's Dictionary of Anglo-Saxony (1896). 

## Kyauta
Sweet ya riƙe suna a matsayin "mutumin da ya koyar da sauti na Turai". Ayyukansa sun kafa al'adar ilimin harshe a cikin koyar da harshe wanda ya ci gaba ba tare da katsewa ba har zuwa yau.

H. C. Wyld ne ya buga littafi da *Takardun da aka tattara*.

The Henry Sweet Society for the History of Linguistic Ideas (wanda aka kafa a shekara ta 1984) an sanya masa suna. Yana gudanar da taron shekara-shekara, kuma yana buga mujallar *Harshe da Tarihi.*

## Manazarta
Emmanuel Nchimbi

**Dr. Emmanuel John Nchimbi** (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Disamba 1971) jami'in diflomasiyya ne kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan ƙasar Tanzaniya wanda a halin yanzu yake aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Tanzaniya. Ya taɓa yin Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida tsakanin shekarun 2012 da 2013 da kuma ɗan Majalisar Dokoki na mazaɓar Songea Town daga shekarun 2010 zuwa 2015. 

## Tarihi da Ilimi
Nchimbi ya je Makarantun Sakandare na Uru da Sangu daga baya ya ci gaba da karatun gaba a Makarantar Sakandare ta Forest Hill da ke Mbeya. Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Mzumbe inda ya yi karatun difloma a fannin gudanar da gwamnati, ya yi digiri na biyu a fannin banki da harkokin kuɗi, daga ƙarshe kuma ya yi digirin digirgir. 

## Aikin siyasa
Nchimbi ya zama shugaban reshen matasa na CCM bayan ya shiga Kwamitin Zartarwa na Ƙasa a shekarar 1997. Kafin ya sami muƙami a Majalisar Birane ta Songea, ya kasance Kwamishinan Gundumar Bunda daga shekarun 2003 zuwa 2005. Daga nan ya yi aiki a Majalisar Ministoci a fannoni da dama, ciki har da na Harkokin Cikin Gida, Aiki, da Bayanai. A shekarar 2015 zuwa 2023, ya wakilci Tanzania a matsayin jakada a Masar sannan Brazil kafin ya koma harkokin siyasa na jam'iyya. An naɗa shi Sakatare Janar na CCM a watan Janairun 2024.  

## Manazarta
Nusrat Hanje

**Nusrat Shabaan Hanje**

(an haife ta a ranar 14 ga watan Nuwamba 1989) 'yar siyasa ce kuma 'yar ƙasar Tanzaniya sannan memba ce a jam'iyyar siyasa ta CHADEMA.  An zaɓe ta a matsayin memba na Kujeru na Musamman a matsayin wakiliya mace kuma tana aiki a matsayin 'yar majalisa tun daga shekarar 2020.  

## Manazarta
Salome Makamba

**Salome Wycliffe Makamba** (an haife ta a ranar 18 ga watan Fabrairu, 1987) 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Tanzaniya kuma mamba ce a jam'iyyar siyasa ta CHADEMA. An zaɓe ta a matsayin memba na kujeru na musamman a matsayin wakiliyar mata kuma tana aiki a matsayin 'yar majalisa tun daga shekarar 2020.  

## Manazarta
Pu Shougeng

**Pu Shougeng** (al'adun Sinanci; ; ; c. 1250-1284 ) ɗan kasuwa ne Musulmi kuma mai gudanarwa na daular Kudancin Song da Yuan na kasar Sin.

Sunan mahaifiyar Pu mai yiwuwa ya samo asali ne daga Larabci *Abū* (mahaifi). Ba a san asalin iyalin Pu ba. A cewar wata kafa, iyalinsa sun fito ne daga Asiya ta Tsakiya zuwa Sichuan a farkon Song kuma daga baya suka yi hijira zuwa Quanzhou. A cewar wani, sun isa Kudancin Song daga Champa. Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa su ne cewa iyalinsa sun fito ne daga Kudancin Larabawa  ko asalin Farisa na Asiya ta Tsakiya kuma sun zauna a Guangzhou.

Pu na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan kasuwa mafi arziki a Fujian lokacin da, a kusa da 1250, aka nada shi Superintendent of Maritime Trade a Quanzhou . Ya rike mukamin kusan shekaru talatin, yana amfani da shi don tara dukiya mai yawa.

Lokacin da kotun Southern Song ta gudu zuwa Quanzhou, Pu ya yi iƙirarin cewa akwai dangin sarauta da yawa a Quanzhou suna jiran maraba da sarki; waɗannan dangin, Pu ya ce, suna so su sanya Quanzhou sabon babban birnin Song. Koyaya, an riga an yi shakkar amincin Pu Shougeng lokacin da ya shiga jirgin sarki a tashar Quanzhou. A zahiri, wasu jami'an Song "sun nuna a bayyane cewa manufar Pu ita ce ta yaudari sarki [sa'an nan kuma ya tsaya a bakin teku, a Quanzhou Harbor] don ya tafi bakin teku don ya tsare shi, sannan ya yi amfani da shi a matsayin dan wasa don inganta matsayinsa na ciniki tare da Mongols. "

Don haka, "Song admiral Zhang Shijie ya ƙi cikin ladabi, bayan ya karɓi rahotanni na leken asiri cewa Pu Shougeng yana tattaunawa a asirce tare da jami'an Yuan. "  A wannan lokacin, "Mongol sun yi tunanin [Pu] mutumin da ya dace don taimaka musu gina rundunar sojan ruwa. "  Janar na Mongol Bayan (伯顏) ya riga ya aika da mataimakin zuwa Quanzhou don tattauna yarjejeniyar yarjejeniya da Pu, amma "ra' yan leken asiri da rahotanni game da yarjejeniyar sirri sun kai [Admiral] Zhang, wanda ya kwace dukiyar Pu don tallafa wa tsaron Song.

Daular Yuan ta sanya shi Babban Janar mai kare  jihar (鎭國將軍) kuma daga baya Mataimakin Mai Gudanar da Gwamnati (參知政事) na Jiangxi. A shekara ta 1281, an nada shi daya daga cikin mataimakan zartarwa guda biyu a sakatariyar lardin Fujian. Bayan haka ya ɓace daga gani, amma iyalinsa sun kasance sanannu a ƙarƙashin Yuan. An azabtar da yawancin danginsa kuma an kashe su a cikin tawaye na Ispah. Wadanda suka tsira sun kasance Musulmai masu ibada kuma an hana su rike mukamin gwamnati a karkashin Ming saboda ficewarsu daga Song.

## Manazarta

## Ƙarin karantawa

* 
*  
*
Tarmashirin

**Ala-ad-din Tarmashirin Khan** (Chagatai da Farisa; ya yi mulki 1331 AD - 1334 AD) shi ne khan na Chagatai Khanate bayan Duwa Temür.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Tarmashirin na daga cikin 'ya'yan Duwa Khan. Ya shahara ne saboda yakin da ya yi a Yankin Indiya a shekara ta 1327 kafin a naɗa shi. Ya kori birnin Lahore a shekara ta 1329. Ya mamaye Ilkhanate ba tare da nasara ba.

Ya kasance daya daga cikin sanannun sarakuna na farko na Chagatai Khanate da ya tuba zuwa Islama. Ya ɗauki sunan **Ala-ad-din** bayan ya zama Musulmi. Juyowa zuwa addinin Musulunci bai tafi da kyau ba tare da manyan mutanen Mongol, waɗanda suka kasance masu rinjaye na Tengriist da Buddha. Ya aika da wasiƙu tare da girmamawa ga kotun Daular Yuan. Saboda Tarmarshirin ya fi son zama a biranen Transoxiana, an zarge shi da watsar da ka'idar halayyar gargajiya ta Mongol, Yassa, kuma an tsige shi a cikin kurultai na shekara-shekara. Sarakunan Chagatayid na Gabas ne suka kashe shi daga baya a cikin jirgin kusa da Samarkand.

Tushen Musulmi koyaushe suna nuna Tarmashirin cikin haske mai kyau saboda ƙoƙarinsa na kawo Islama zuwa gabashin Asiya. Shahararren mai binciken Musulmi kuma masanin Ibn Batuta ya ziyarci khan yayin tafiyarsa ta cikin mulkin Tarmashirin.

## Manazarta

## Tushen

*
Masallacin Shahi

Shahi Masjid, wanda aka fi sani da ***Masjid Awan da Shahi*** , **[[Masallacin Lambu]]** **na Jama'a,** kuma a matsayin ***Bagh E Aam ke Masjid***, masallaci ne, wanda ke cikin Lambun Jama'a kusa da Majalisar Dokokin Telangana, a Hyderabad, a cikin Gundumar Hyderabad na jihar Telangana, Indiya.

A cikin 1924 Nizam na Hyderabad Mir Osman Ali Khan ya ba da umurni da gina Shahi Masjid ta hanyar "Kwamitin Inganta Birni" kuma an kammala shi a cikin 1933. Masallacin ya zama babban masallaci ga Nizam na VII da ma'aikatansa.

## Dubi kuma

* Musulunci a Indiya
* Jerin masallatai a Indiya

## Manazarta
Taliqu

**Taliqu** (wanda kuma aka sani da **Naliqo'a**) ya kasance Khan na Masarautar Khan ta Chagatai daga 1308 zuwa 1309. Shi ɗan Qadaqchi ne kuma yarima Qutlugh-Khanid na Kerman, kuma jikan Büri. Bayan mutuwar Könchek, Taliqu ya kwace mulki kuma ya zama Khan. A matsayinsa na Musulmi, ya yi ƙoƙari ya musuluntar da talakawansa zuwa Islama; wannan mataki ne da ba'a saba da shi ba. Hakan, tare da ƙiyayyar cewa ba daga zuriya'ar Duwa yake ba, ya haifar da tawaye ga mulkinsa. Maƙiyansa sun zaɓi ɗanɗan Duwa wato Kebek da ya zama Sarki, kuma sun ci galabar Taliqu a yaƙi a cikin 1309. Magoya bayansa sun shiga cikin sojojin Kebek, kuma sun taimaka wajen kayar da 'ya'yan Kaidu a cikin wannan shekarar.

## Manazarta
Ranthony Edmonds

**Ranthony AC Edmonds** ƙwararriyar lissafi ce 'yar Amurka da ta ƙware a fannin ka'idar zobe ta hanyar sadarwa, ka'idar factorization, da kuma ilimin lissafi mai amfani. Ta kasance ɗaliba a karatun gaba da digririn digirgir a fannin lissafi a Jami'ar Jihar Ohio .

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Edmonds a Birmingham, Alabama kuma ta girma a Lexington, Kentucky. Ta sami digiri biyu a fannin Lissafi da Turanci daga Jami'ar Kentucky a shekarar 2011. Edmonds ta sami digirin ta na biyu a fannin Kimiyyar Lissafi a Jami'ar Gabashin Kentucky a shekarar 2013 kuma ta sami digirin ta na uku a fannin lissafi daga Jami'ar Iowa a shekarar 2018. Edmonds ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar Lissafi ta Amurka (MAA) Project NeXt Fellowship har zuwa shekarar 2019.

## Sana'a
Edmunds ta kasance daliba a fannin bincike a fannin lissafi da kimiyyar jiki ta ƙasa, Ascending Postdoctoral Research a Sashen Lissafi a Jami'ar Jihar Ohio. Manyan fannoni na ƙwarewanta sun haɗa da Commutative Ring Theory, Factorization Theory, da Applied Algebraic Topology. A halin yanzu tana cikin ƙungiyar Early Career Fellowship daga *Mathematically Gifted and Black and the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,* wadda ke yaba nasarorin da masana lissafi suka samu a farkon aiki, musamman waɗanda suka fito daga ƙungiyoyin ƙabila da ƙabilu waɗanda aka cire su daga kimiyyar lissafi a tarihi.

A lokacin da take aiki a Jami'ar Jihar Ohio, Edmonds ta kasance wacce ta lashe kyautar *Seed Fund for Racial Justice* a zagaye na farko a shekarar 2020. Kyautar tana mayar da hankali wajen haɓaka hanyoyin bincike waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga kawar da wariyar launin fata a matakin gida da na ƙasa. An ba Edmonds kyautar ne saboda jagorantar wani bincike da ke neman zama cikakken bincike na tarihi na farko na masana lissafi baƙaƙe a wata cibiya ta Amurka.

A shekarar 2021, Edmonds da John Johnson sun haɗu suka ƙirƙiro wani kwas mai taken *Intersections of Math and Society: Hidden Figure*. Tana fafutukar wayar da kan al'umma kan ilimin lissafi.

## Manazarta

An haifi Edmonds a Birmingham, Alabama kuma ta girma a Lexington, Kentucky. Ta sami digiri biyu a fannin Lissafi da Turanci daga Jami'ar Kentucky a shekarar 2011. Edmonds ta sami digirin ta na biyu a fannin Kimiyyar Lissafi a Jami'ar Gabashin Kentucky a shekarar 2013 kuma ta sami digirin ta na uku a fannin lissafi daga Jami'ar Iowa a shekarar 2018.[1] Edmonds ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar Lissafi ta Amurka (MAA) Project NeXt Fellowship har zuwa shekarar 2019.[2]