Grace d'Almeida

**Grâce d'Almeida Adamon** (1951–2005) lauya ce 'yar ƙasar Benin, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata. An sanya ta cikin ƙungiyar mata 1,000 daga ko'ina cikin duniya waɗanda aka zaɓa a matsayin ƙungiya don kyautar zaman lafiya ta Nobel ta shekarar 2005.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi **Grace Antonia Almeida Benoite Adamon** a ranar 21 ga watan Maris, 1951 a Dakar, Senegal. Ta yi makarantar firamare a Sisters of Porto-Novo sannan ta koma Dahomey (yanzu Benin) tare da iyalinta inda ta yi makarantar sakandare. Ta yi rajista a Kwalejin Uwargidanmu ta Manzanni a Cotonou kuma a shekarar 1972 ta yi karatun digiri na biyu a jerin A a Guebwiller, Faransa. Ta sami difloma da digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar Panthéon-Assas da ke Paris. Ta yi karatun lauya a Jami'ar Pantheon-Sorbonne, ta ƙware a fannin shari'ar ruwa da haƙƙin farar hula da kasuwanci na ma'aikata. Bayan ta sami digiri na biyu na DEA, ta koma Pantheon-Assas, inda ta sami digirin lauya na CAPA. 

D'Almeida Adamon ta fara aiki a matsayin lauya a birnin Paris a shekarar 1977. Ta koma Cotonou a shekara mai zuwa. Ta kasance farfesa a fannin shari'a a Jami'ar Kasa ta Benin kuma an san ta da kare hakkin mata. 

A shekarar 1990, an zaɓi D'Almeida Adamon ɗaya daga cikin wakilan shari'a goma sha uku don kafa sabon kundin tsarin mulkin Benin mai dimokuraɗiyya a matsayin wani ɓangare na Babban Taron Ƙasa. Ita kaɗai ce mace mamba. A wannan shekarar, ta kuma kafa Ƙungiyar Lauyoyi ta Benin (AFJB). Ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ta haɓaka damar mata ga ayyukan shari'a da kuma kare haƙƙin yara da mata. Ta kuma kafa Cibiyar Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam ta Afirka da Haɓaka Dimokuraɗiyya. D'Almeida Adamon ta yi aiki a shirye-shiryen Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (MDD) da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu. Ta taka rawa a shirin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya wanda ke gudanar da Cibiyar Dimokuraɗiyya ta Gudanar da Harkokin Cikin Gida ta Burkina Faso a shekarun 1990. Ta shiga cikin Kwamitin Ƙasa da Ƙasa Mai Zaman Kanta kan Kosovo.

D'Almeida Adamon ita ce wacce ta kafa kuma shugabar ƙungiyar lauyoyi ta mata ta Benin (Ƙungiyar lauyoyi mata ta Benin). A ƙarƙashin shirinta, ƙungiyar ta ƙirƙiri ƙaramin littafi mai shafuka 114 mai *suna Guide juridique de la femme béninoise*. An fassara jagorar Faransa game da haƙƙin mata na shari'a zuwa Fon da Batonou. Ta bayyana cewa, "a cikin ɗaukar matakin samar da jagorar shari'a ga mata, burin Ƙungiyar lauyoyi mata shine samar wa matan Benin wasu ƙa'idodi na doka bisa ga rubuce-rubucen shari'a da ke mulkin ƙasar don taimaka musu su inganta rayuwarsu ta hanyar shari'a."  D'Almeida Adamon ta halarci taron duniya na huɗu kan mata a shekarar 1995. 

Daga ranar 22 ga watan Nuwamba 1995 zuwa 9 ga Afrilu 1996, ta kasance Mai Kula da Hannu da kuma Ministar Shari'a Dokokin Gwamnatin Benin. Koƙarinta ya taimaka wajen buɗe sashen Mata a Shari'a da Ci Gaba a Afirka a Benin a watan Yunin 1999. Ta kasance Babbar Mai Ba da Shawara kan Fasaha na Shirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kuma ta jagoranci Shirin Shari'a na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a Haiti daga shekarun 2000 zuwa 2003. Ta yi aiki a kwamitocin kare hakkin ɗan adam na duniya da dama a lokacin rayuwarta. Ta kasance memba na Kungiyar Kula da Iyaye ta Duniya kuma ta taimaka wajen gudanar da Cibiyar Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam a Benin. Ta kasance mai ba da shawara ta ƙasa da ƙasa a fannonin dimokuradiyya, taimakon zaɓe, kare hakkin ɗan adam, shugabanci nagari, da adalci, kare hakkin ɗan adam, dimokuraɗiyya, shugabanci nagari da taimakon zaɓe. Daga watan Oktoba 2004, ta kasance mataimakiyar shugabar kungiyar Ministocin Mata da 'Yan Majalisa na Benin.

A shekarar 2005, tana ɗaya daga cikin mutane biyu kacal daga Benin (tare da Grace Aboh) waɗanda aka zaɓa a matsayin ƙungiyar mata 1,000 daga ko'ina cikin duniya don badakyautar zaman lafiya ta Nobel. 

D'Almeida Adamon ta rasu a ranar 12 ga watan Mayu 2005 a birnin Paris. Ta sake aure kuma tana da 'ya'ya uku.

## Manazarta