Fela Sowande

Chief **Olufela Obafunmilayo "Fela" Sowande** MBE (an haife shi a ranar 29 ga watan Mayun sheara ta 1905 - 13 Maris 1987) mawakin Najeriya ne kuma mawaki. An yi la'akari da mahaifin kiɗan fasaha na zamani na Najeriya, Sowande shine watakila mafi yawan sanannun mawallafin Afirka na ayyuka a cikin kalmar "classical" na Turai. 

## Rayuwar farko
Sowande (mai suna 'shoh-WAHN-daye')  an haife shi a garin Abeokuta, kusa da Legas, ɗan Emmanuel Sowande, firist kuma majagaba na kiɗan cocin Najeriya. Tun yana yaro ya rera waka a cikin mawaƙa na Cocin Cathedral na Kristi. Ya yi karatu a CMS Grammar School da kuma King's College, Legas .  Tasirin mahaifinsa da Dokta TK Ekundayo Phillips (mawaƙi, organist da choirmaster) ya kasance muhimmin al'amari a farkon shekarunsa. A lokacin, Sowande mawaƙa ne kuma an gabatar da shi ga sababbin ayyukan Yarbawa da ake shigar da su cikin majami'u. A wannan lokacin, ya karanci sashin jiki a karkashin Phillips (ciki har da ayyukan Bach da mashahuran gargajiya na Turai), kuma ya sami Diploma na Fellowship (FRCO) daga Royal College of Organists . A lokacin, shi ma ɗan bandeji ne, yana buga jazz da kuma mashahurin kiɗan kiɗa. Duk waɗannan suna da tasiri sosai a cikin aikinsa.

## London
A cikin shekara ta 1934, Sowande ya tafi Landan don nazarin kiɗan gargajiya da shahararriyar turawa. A cikin 1936, ya kasance ɗan wasan pian solo a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na George Gershwin 's *Rhapsody in Blue* . Ya kuma taka leda a matsayin dan wasan piano tare da Fats Waller, shi ne mai shirya wasan kwaikwayo na BBC, Choirmaster a Kingway Hall da pianist a cikin samar da *Blackbirds* na 1936. A cikin shekara ta 1939, ya buga gaɓoɓin a kan rikodin ta mashahuran mawaƙa Adelaide Hall da Vera Lynn . Daga baya, ya yi karatun sashin jiki a asirce a karkashin Edmund Rubbra, George Oldroyd, da George Cunningham kuma ya zama Fellow of the Royal College of Organists a 1943, ya lashe Limpus, Harding da Read Prizes.

Ya kuma ci kyaututtuka da dama kuma ya samu digirin digirgir na Kida a Jami'ar Landan kuma ya zama Fellow of Trinity College of Music . Har ila yau, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara na kiɗa na Ƙungiyar Fina-Finan Mallaka na Ma'aikatar Watsa Labarai a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, yana ba da kiɗa na asali don fina-finai na ilimi.

Daga 1945, ya kasance mashahurin mai tsara tsari kuma mawaƙa a Ofishin Jakadancin Yammacin London na Cocin Methodist har zuwa 1952, kuma adadin kidan gabobi da yawa daga wannan lokacin. Waɗannan suna dogara ne akan waƙoƙin Najeriya waɗanda suka ba da jan hankali na musamman ga baƙi na ikilisiyarsa a farkon shekarun ƙaura daga nahiyar Afirka da Caribbean. A wannan lokacin, ya kuma zama sananne a matsayin mai wasan pianist, bandleader, da Hammond organist, yana yin shahararrun waƙoƙin rana.

Tunanin Yamma da na Afirka sun yi nasara a cikin waƙarsa, waɗanda suka haɗa da ayyukan gabobi irin su *Yorùbá Lament*, *Obangiji*, *Kyrie*, *Gloria*, *Jesu Olugbala*, da *Oba Aba Ke Pe* . Yawancin waɗannan suna nuna tasiri mai ƙarfi daga kiɗan Cocin Anglican, haɗe da waƙoƙin pentatonic na Yarbawa.

Ayyukansa na ƙungiyar mawaƙa sun haɗa da *Six Sketches for Full Orchestra*, *A Folk Symphony*, Da kuma *African Suite* for string orchestra, da kuma nuna halayen rhythmic na Afirka da jituwa. Ƙarshen motsi na *African Suite* ya zama sananne ga masu sauraron Kanada a matsayin jigon shahararren shirin kiɗa na CBC *Gilmour's Albums*,  kuma yanzu ya zama ma'auni na ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Kanada.  Ya kuma rubuta kidan kide-kide na duniya da tsarki, musamman cappella. Wasu daga cikin wadannan ayyuka an yi su ne a lokacin da ya ke aiki da Sashen Afirka na BBC . Ya koma Najeriya inda ya yi aiki a fannin ilimi da gidan rediyon Najeriya daga baya kuma ya yi aiki a jami'ar Ibadan . An nada shi MBE a cikin 1955 Queen's Birthday Honors saboda aikinsa a Sashen Watsa Labarai na Najeriya .  A 1968 ya koma Jami'ar Howard a Washington, DC, sannan Jami'ar Pittsburgh .

## Daga baya rayuwa
A cikin shekaru na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa Sowande ya koyar a Sashen Nazarin Pan-African a Jami'ar Jihar Kent, kuma ya zauna a kusa da Ravenna, Ohio tare da matarsa, Eleanor McKinney, wanda ya kasance daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa gidan rediyon Pacifica . Ya mutu a Ravenna kuma an binne shi a Randolph Township, Ohio.

Baya ga mukaminsa na farfesa, Sowande ya kuma rike mukamin **sarauta na Bariyo** na Legas . A halin yanzu akwai wani yunƙuri na kafa wata cibiya da za ta gudanar da bincike da kuma tallata ayyukansa, kasancewar da yawa ba a buga su ba ko kuma ba a buga su ba.

## Abubuwan da aka zaɓa

### Gaba

* 1945 – *Ka Mura*, Chappell, London
* 1952 - *Pastourelle (na gabobin jiki)*, Chappell, London
* 1955 - *Jesu Olugbala*, Chappell, London
* 1955 - *Joshua Fit de Yaƙin Jericho*, Chappell, London
* 1955 - *Kyrie*, Chappell, London
* 1955 – *Obangiji*, Chappell, London
* 1955 – *Yorùbá Lament*, Chappell, London
* 1958 – *Oyigiyigi*, Ricordi, New York
* 1958 - *Gloria*, Ricordi, New York
* 1958 - 'Addu'a *, Ricordi, New York*
* 1959 - *Amsoshi a cikin 'A*'
* *KÕa Mo Rokoso*
* *Oba Aba Ke Pe*

### Choral

* "Ranar Bikin aure" don SSA tare da piano, 1957, RDH
* "Wani lokaci nakan ji kamar yaro mara uwa" don SATB a cappella, 1955, Chappell, London
* "My Way's Cloudy" don SATB tare da piano, 1955, Chappell, London
* "De Ol' Ark's a-Moverin" na SATBB wani cappella tare da tenor solo, 1955, Chappell, London
* "Tsarin Jirgin Kasa" don SATBB a cappella, 1955, Chappell, London
* " Roll de Ol' Chariot " don SATBB tare da piano da rhythm combo, 1955, Chappell, London
* "Abin da na d"o na SATBB tare da piano da rhythm combo, 1961, Ricordi, New York
* "Goin' to Set Down" don SATB cappella tare da soprano solo, 1961, Ricordi, New York
* "Ba Ya Iya Ji Babu Wanda Yayi Addu'a" don SATB cappella tare da soprano solo, 1958, Ricordi, New York
* "De Angels Are Watchin" don SATB cappella tare da soprano da tenor solo, 1958, Ricordi, New York
* "Babu wanda ya san matsalar da nake gani" don SATB. Kapella, 1958, Ricordi, New York
* "Wheel, Oh Wheel" don SATB a cappella, 1961, Ricordi, New York
* "Wid a Sword in Ma Hand" don SATBB a cappella, 1958, Ricordi, New York
* "Sit Down Servant" na TTBB cappella da tenor solo, 1961, Ricordi, New York
* "Daga Sihiyona" don SATB tare da sashin jiki, 1955
* "Amsar St. Jude" ga SATB tare da gabobin
* "Oh Render Godiya" (waƙar waƙa) don SATB tare da sashin jiki, 1960
* Waƙar Ƙasa ta Najeriya (tsari) don SATB tare da sashin jiki, 1960

### Wakokin Solo

* *Wakoki Uku na Tunani* don tenor da piano, 1950, Chappell, London
* *Saboda ku don murya da piano*, 1950, Chappell, London
* *Wakokin Yarbanci guda uku don murya da piano*, 1954, Ibadan

### Orchestral

* *Zane-zane huɗu don cikakken ƙungiyar makaɗa*, 1953
* *African Suite for string orchestra*, 1955, Chappell, London
* *Folk Symphony don cikakken ƙungiyar makaɗa*, 1960

### Littattafai

* (1964). *Ifa: Jagora, Mashawarci, Abokin Kakanninmu* . Ibadan.
* (1966). *Hankalin Kasa: Yaron Yarbawa* . Ibadan: Jami'ar Ibadan.
* (1968). *Zo Yanzu Najeriya*, Sashe na 1: Kishin kasa da kasidu kan batutuwan da suka dace. Ibadan: Sketch Pub. Co.; masu rarrabawa kawai: Masu ba da littattafan Najeriya. (Dukkan abubuwan da aka gabatar a cikin wannan littafi sun fara fitowa ne a cikin nau'ikan labarai a cikin shafukan *Daily Sketch*, Ibadan. )
* (1975). *Ƙarfafa Afirka na Nazarin Baƙar fata* . Kent, Ohio: Cibiyar Jami'ar Jihar Kent don Harkokin Amirka. Jerin Al'amuran Ba'amurkan Afirka Monograph, v. 2, No. 1.

### Labarai

* (1971). "Black Folklore", *Baƙaƙe Lines: Jarida na Nazarin Baƙar fata* (fitila na musamman: Baƙar fata), v. 2, a'a. 1 (Fadar 1971), shafi.&nbsp;5-21.

## Manazarta

## Ci gaba da karatu

* Kole, Bill (1976). *John Coltrane* . Littattafan Schirmer. ISBN&nbsp; . Da Capo Press ya sake bugawa (1993, 2001). ISBN&nbsp; .
* Sadoh, Godwin (2007). *Ayyukan gabobi na Fela Sowande: Ra'ayin Al'adu* . iUniverse. ISBN&nbsp; .

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Cikakken bayanin rayuwarsa
* Wani Fela Sowande bio
* Val Wilmer (a kan dangantakar Sowande da mai wasan pianist Rita Cann), "Rita Cann - Hazakar kiɗa ta kai ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mata baƙi na farko da ake gani a cikin al'ummar London" (bituary), *The Guardian*, 10 Mayu 2001.
* Takardun Fela Sowande a Makarantar Kolejin Dartmouth