Wutar daji ta Kanada ta 2024

Wutar daji ta shekarar 2024 a Kanada ta fara ne a matsayin tsawo na rikodin gobarar daji ta 2023. Ƙasar ta fuskanci lokacin wuta mai tsawo a cikin 2023 wanda ya kasance har zuwa kaka; waɗannan gobarar sun kwantar da hankali a cikin hunturu kuma kimanin 150 sun sake kunnawa a farkon Fabrairu 2024 .  A farkon watan Mayu, manyan gobarar daji sun tashi a Alberta, British Columbia, da Manitoba. Ba da daɗewa ba, akwai manyan gobara a Saskatchewan, Yankin Arewa maso Yamma, da Newfoundland da Labrador.

Wutar ta tilasta fitar da dubban mutane a cikin al'ummomi a duk faɗin ƙasar, gami da sama da 7,000 daga Labrador City (mafi girman fitarwa a tarihin Newfoundland da Labrador) da 25,000 a Jasper, Alberta. Wutar daji ta Jasper ta lalata kashi ɗaya bisa uku na gine-ginen garin kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin bala'o'i masu tsada a tarihin Kanada. Hayaki daga gobara ya rage ingancin iska ta Amurka da Kanada kuma ya kai har zuwa Mexico da Turai. An bayar da rahoton mutuwar mutane biyu da suka danganci gobarar: wani mai kashe gobara da wani itace da ke fadowa ya kashe a Alberta, da kuma matukin jirgi mai saukar ungulu a yankunan Arewa maso Yamma wanda ya fadi yayin da yake taimakawa wajen kula da gobarar daji.

Shekarar ta ga na biyu mafi girma a cikin hayakin carbon tun lokacin da aka fara a cikin ma'aunin Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service a shekara ta 2003, bayan kawai lokacin lalata tarihi na 2023. Ta hanyar jimlar yankin da aka ƙone - sama da  (acre miliyan 13) - yana ɗaya daga cikin shekaru shida mafi muni a cikin 50 da suka gabata. Kimanin kashi 70% na ƙasar da aka ƙone sun kasance a Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, da Yankin Arewa maso Yamma.

## Tarihi
Wutar daji ta 2023 ita ce mafi muni a tarihin Kanada da aka rubuta. Karin yanayin zafi saboda Canjin yanayi ya bushe yawancin ciyayi, yana ƙone gobarar da ta kasance har zuwa ƙarshen kaka. Yawancin waɗannan gobarar ba su kashe su ba, amma an kwantar da su a matsayin gobarar da ke wucewa (wanda ake kira "wutar zombie"). fari, haɗe da lokacin rani mai tsawo da zafi, ya bushe kayan halitta a cikin ƙasa kuma ya sa waɗannan nau'ikan gobara su zama ruwan dare a cikin gandun daji na ƙasar.

Akwai kusan gobara 200 a Yammacin Kanada. Saboda yadda zurfin gobarar ya gudana, suna da wuyar ganowa da kashewa, musamman tare da dusar ƙanƙara da ke rufe sa hannun zafi. Arewa maso gabashin British Columbia ya sami fari mai yawa kuma yana da hunturu mai bushewa sosai tare da ƙananan dusar ƙanƙara, kuma mazauna Fort Nelson sun fara gano gobara tun farkon Disamba 2023. Ana iya ganin hayaki yana tashi daga gobarar karkashin kasa duk da yanayin zafi na kusan -40 ° C (-40 ° F).  A watan Fabrairun 2024, hotunan tauraron dan adam na zafi sun nuna gobara da yawa a Alberta da British Columbia, wanda mai yiwuwa ya kasance yana ƙonewa a cikin peat. Ya zuwa Fabrairu 20, 2024, akwai gobara 92 a British Columbia da 54 a Alberta.

## Wutar daji

### Alberta

An fara hana gobara a Alberta a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu.  Tun daga tsakiyar watan Mayu, gobarar daji ta fara mamaye Fort McMurray, wanda gobara ta lalata a cikin 2016 .   A yammacin ranar 10 ga Mayu, wutar daji da aka ayyana MWF017 ta kasance 16.&nbsp;kilomita kudu maso gabashin Fort McMurray da karamar hukumar Wood Buffalo sun ba da sanarwar ficewa.  Gundumar Grande Prairie ta kuma ba da umarnin ƙaura saboda wata gobarar daji da ke kusa da Teepee Creek,   kuma an tura sojoji kusan 100 na Sojojin Kanada zuwa yankin.  A lokaci guda kuma, hayaki daga gobara a British Columbia ya haifar da matsanancin ingancin iska a Edmonton . 

A ranar 15 ga watan Mayu, an umarci unguwa huɗu a Fort McMurray (Beacon Hill, Abasand, Prairie Creek da Grayling Terrace) da su kwashe, inda suka kori 6,000 kuma suka haifar da gridlock a kan Alberta Highway 63.  Saboda tsire-tsire na cikin gida har yanzu suna sake girma daga gobarar 2016, gobarar ta bazu a hankali idan aka kwatanta da shekaru takwas da suka gabata. An kawo karshen umarnin kwashewa na Fort McMurray a ranar 18 ga Mayu bayan hadewar kashe gobara da yanayi mai kyau.

Wutar ta karu a lokacin rani, kuma a ranar 20 ga Yuli, akwai gobarar daji 158 da aka rubuta tare da 55 da aka ruwaito ba su da iko. An kwashe al'ummomin Arewacin Alberta na John D'Or Prairie 215, Fox Lake da Garden River, suna rufe kusan mutane 5,000. Wani Jasper_wildfire" id="mwtw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2024 Jasper wildfire">wuta mai banƙyama ya fara kusantar Jasper daga kudu kuma a ranar 22 ga Yuli an kwashe garin, ya tilasta 25,000 su gudu. Wutar ta ƙare sama da hekta 32,000 kuma ta lalata 358 na gine-ginen Jasper 1,113. Hayaki daga wuta ya haɗu da wanda daga Park Fire a California da rage ingancin iska har zuwa New England da Mexico 

Wutar Jasper ta ci gaba da girma har zuwa watan Agusta tare da iyakarta ta kudu. An kashe wani mai kashe gobara mai shekaru 24 a arewa maso gabashin Jasper a ranar 3 ga watan Agusta bayan wani itace da ya fadi ya buge shi. An ba mazauna damar dawowa na wucin gadi a ranar 16 ga watan Agusta, amma yawancin sauran gine-ginen sun sami mummunar lalacewa daga zafi, hayaki, da ruwa, kuma gobara mai ƙarfi ta ci gaba da ƙonewa zuwa kudu. Bayan kusan makonni huɗu, an ayyana gobarar Jasper a ranar 17 ga watan Agusta,  kuma an kawo ta karkashin iko a ranar 7 ga watan Satumba.  Ana sa ran gobarar za ta ƙone har zuwa farkon hunturu.

Kimanin hayakin carbon na Yuli 2024 shine mafi yawan kowane Yuli wanda ya samo asali daga 2003, lokacin da sabis na sa ido na sararin samaniya na Copernicus ya fara tattara bayanai. Lokacin da lokacin wuta ya ƙare a hukumance a ranar 31 ga Oktoba, lardin ya ga kadada 775,000 da aka ƙone, idan aka kwatanta da miliyan 2.2 a cikin 2023. Wutar Jasper ta hau jerin labaran yanayi 10 mafi tasiri na Kanada na 2024. 

### British Columbia

An tilasta wa garin Fort Nelson da Fort Nelson First Nation su kwashe a ranar 10 ga Mayu saboda gobarar daji ta Parker Lake a yammacin yankin. An rufe manyan hanyoyi 97" href="./Liard_Highway" id="mw9Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Liard Highway">77 da 97 saboda gobarar. Fiye da mutane 4,500 sun rasa muhallinsu; sun sami damar dawowa a ranar 27 ga Mayu. An lalata dukiya goma da gidaje huɗu a Fort Nelson. Al'ummar farko ba ta rasa wani tsari ba, amma yankunan da ke kusa da Snake River sun lalace. Wutar Patry Creek da ke arewa tana ƙonewa daga iko a ranar 23 ga Yuli, tana rufe  kilomita 775 (299 sq  kuma tana iyakance damar zuwa Hanyar Hanyar 77. A ranar 24 ga watan Yuli, gobarar Dogtooth Forest Service Road ta lalata gine-gine 15, ciki har da gidaje hudu a Golden . 

Ƙarin gobara sun fara tasowa a lokacin rani a kudu maso gabas da tsakiya na ciki, tare da daruruwan da suka tashi a tsakiyar Yuli. An umarci wasu sassan Gundumar Thompson-Nicola, Gundumar Kootenay ta Tsakiya, da yankin Cook's Ferry Indian Band su kwashe. Mutane da yawa sun rasa muhallinsu, ciki har da al'ummar Hare Krishna 60 a cikin kwarin Venables da ƙauyen Slocan mai mutane 380. A ranar 22 ga watan Yulin, walƙiya ta buge sama da sau 20,000 a lardin, galibi a yankunan arewa, kuma ta haifar da sabbin gobara sama da 70. Wutar Antler Creek a yankin Cariboo ta karu da sauri a ranar 22 ga Yuli, ta tilasta fitar da kimanin mazauna 300 da masu yawon bude ido 700 daga Wells, Barkerville, Bowron Lake, da yankunan da ke kusa. A ranar 23 ga watan Yulin, lardin ya tura masu kashe gobara 977 da ma'aikatan jirgin sama 178. Wutar ta rufe kadada 14,300, amma a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli an ɗaga umarnin kwashewa.

Wutar da ta kai hekta 230 ta tashi a Tsibirin Vancouver a ranar 22 ga Yuli, kilomita 5 a kudancin Sooke Lake. An gudanar da gobarar, amma ta buƙaci masu kashe gobara 70 da jirage masu saukar ungulu guda uku kuma sun tilasta rufe Tafkin Sooke Potholes da ke kusa.&nbsp;

A ranar 28 ga watan Yulin, BC Wildfire Services ta ba da rahoton gobara 372, inda aka rarraba 177 a matsayin wanda ba a sarrafa shi ba. A farkon watan Agusta, karin gobarar da ba ta da iko sun tilasta fitar da kimanin kadarori 100 a Kudancin Cikin Gida, gami da yankunan arewacin ƙauyen Lytton, wanda aka lalata a cikin gobarar daji ta 2021.

Wutar da ba a sarrafa ta ci gaba a watan Satumba a cikin lardin, ta haifar da faɗakarwar ingancin iska ga al'ummomi ciki har da Prince George da Quesnel .  An kwashe kadarori goma sha huɗu a Baynes Lake a kudu maso gabas a ranar 9 ga Satumba. An yi taƙaitaccen kwashe kimanin gidaje 150 a wajen Grand Forks a ranar 25 ga Satumba saboda gobara a kan iyakar Washington. A ranar 29 ga watan Satumba, gobarar da ba ta da iko a kusa da Christina Lake ta tilasta fitar da gidaje 42 da kimanin 84 na sa'o'i da yawa.

Manitoba ta ga kadada 266,000 na gandun daji da aka ƙone a 2024, kimanin kadada 60,000 fiye da 2023.  An gano gobarar daji ta farko a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, idan aka kwatanta da Afrilu 30 a 2023. Daga cikin gobarar 291 da aka rubuta a cikin kakar, 105 sun haifar da mutum kuma 206 suna buƙatar cikakken martani na kashe gobara.

Babban gobara na farko ya faru ne a watan Mayu. A ranar 11 ga watan Mayu, gobara a arewa maso yammacin ta tilasta fitar da Cranberry Portage (al'umma mai kimanin mutane 650), da yawa da ke kusa da gidaje, da kuma Bakers Narrows Provincial Park. Wataƙila walƙiya ce ta haifar da shi kuma iska mai ƙarfi da yanayin bushewa,  gobarar ta bazu zuwa hekta 37,000 kuma ta lalata gidaje biyu, gidaje biyar, da garage biyu kafin a kawo su ƙarƙashin iko. Mazauna sun sami damar dawowa a ranar 19 ga Mayu.

A watan Yuli, gobara ta tashi a arewa maso gabas, kudu da Tafkin Gods. Shan sigari ya lalata ingancin iska na yankin kuma jiragen sama da ke dauke da kayayyaki ga al'ummomin da ke nesa ba su iya sauka lafiya ba. A ranar 31 ga watan Yuli, gobarar ta bazu zuwa hekta 24,320 kuma hayaki ya tilasta fitar da al'ummomin farko da yawa, wanda ya shafi kimanin mutane 250 daga Manto Sipi Cree Nation, Wasagamack, Red Sucker Lake da Gods Lake First Nations. Wutar ta karu zuwa hekta 30,000 a ranar 2 ga watan Agusta, ta kara yawan wadanda aka kwashe zuwa sama da 1,000 kuma ta tilasta Red Sucker Lake ta ayyana dokar ta baci saboda rashin wutar lantarki da hayaki mara raguwa.

Wutar da aka fara ganowa a ranar 4 ga watan Agusta ta karu daga iko kuma a ranar 13 ga watan Agustan ta tilasta kwashewa a Bunibonibee, Nischawayasihk, da Tataskweyak Cree Nations .  Wutar ta kai kilomita 10 (6.2  kudu da al'umma kuma kimanin mazauna 2,500 an kwashe su ta hanyar Jirgin soji na Hercules zuwa Winnipeg da Brandon - kimanin kilomita 600 (370  daga nesa - tare da mutane da yawa suna zaune a wurin shakatawa a Jami'ar Winnipeg ko a otal-otal. An ayyana cewa an gudanar da gobarar a ranar 29 ga watan Agusta kuma an ɗaga umarnin kwashewa, kodayake har yanzu akwai damuwa game da matakan hayaki.

Ya zuwa ranar 1 ga Oktoba, manyan gobara uku har yanzu ba su da iko.

### Newfoundland da Labrador
Yanayin bushewa da walƙiya sun haifar da gobara da yawa a Labrador. A ranar 14 ga Yuni, akwai manyan gobara guda bakwai tare da shida ba tare da iko ba. Churchill Falls, garin kamfanin da ke aiki da madatsar ruwa ta biyu mafi girma a Kanada (Churchill Falls Generating Station), an kwashe shi a ranar 19 ga Yuni. Tashar wutar lantarki ta ci gaba da aiki tare da ma'aikatan kwarangwal, har sai an tilasta musu su kwashe a ranar 25 ga Yuni bayan gobara ta tsallake Kogin Churchill. An ɗaga kwashewar a ranar 3 ga Yuli.

Fiye da mazauna 7,000 sun tilasta ficewa Labrador City a ranar 12 ga Yuli bayan gobara ta karu da sauri daga hekta 400 zuwa 14,000 kuma ta ci gaba zuwa birnin. Wannan shi ne mafi girma a lardin da aka taba kwashewa. Birnin yana da Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Labrador ta Yamma, kuma an kwashe ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya sama da 200 da marasa lafiya zuwa Happy Valley-Goose Bay - tare da sauran birni - suna sanya babban damuwa a kan tsarin kiwon lafiya na gida.

### Yankin Arewa maso Yamma

A tsakiyar watan Yuni, gobarar daji ta tilasta fitar da Fort Good Hope, wata al'umma mai zaman kanta ta kimanin 500. Ana zargin cewa iskõki masu ƙarfi sun ciyar da wuta da aka watsar, wanda ya girma zuwa hekta 8,200 kafin a kawo shi ƙarƙashin iko. Mazauna sun sami damar dawowa a ranar 6 ga Yuli. Kodayake babu gine-gine ko ababen more rayuwa da aka lalata, wani matukin jirgi mai saukar ungulu wanda ke taimakawa wajen kula da gobarar daji ya mutu lokacin da jirginsa ya fadi.

Yankin ya ga yanayin rikodi na koyaushe a cikin watan Agusta, tare da sassan Arctic Circle ya kai  .  Gobara ta ci gaba a cikin watan kuma ta karu da tsanani, ta rufe yawancin yankuna a cikin wani nau'i na hayaki mai kauri kuma ya sanya yawancinsa a ƙarƙashin "haɗarin wuta." Hayakin ya juya sararin samaniya orange kuma ya rage gani sosai, wanda ya tilasta rufe sassan Babbar Hanya 1 .  A wasu yankunan, gobara ta kona sama da hekta 100,000 na fili a kowace rana; tsakanin 10-11 ga Agusta kadai, an kone hectare 313,000, wanda shine kusan kashi 60% na gobarar da aka saba yi a shekara.  A ƙarshen Oktoba, gobara ta ƙone  . 

### Saskatchewan
Idan aka kwatanta da matsakaicin shekaru biyar, Saskatchewan ya sami gobarar daji fiye da yadda ake tsammani, kuma gobarar tana barazana ga wutar lantarki da kayan aikin sadarwa a farkon Yuli. Hayaki daga gobara a yamma ya fara haifar da shawarwari game da ingancin iska a mafi yawan lardin. A ranar 14 ga watan Agusta, an kwashe Sandy Bay - ƙauyen 1,800 - saboda gobarar da ba ta da iko daga arewa maso yamma ta kai cikin kilomita 20. Shugabannin Peter Ballantyne Cree Nation da Yarima Albert Grand Council sun soki Hukumar Tsaron Jama'a ta Saskatchewan saboda kin tura masu kashe gobara na Kasashen Farko don hana gobarar a kan lokaci. Kimanin mutane 200 daga Sandy Bay sun kasance a baya don yaƙi da gobarar; an ɗaga umarnin kwashewa a ranar 9 ga Satumba.&nbsp;

A tsakiyar watan Agusta, gobarar ta ƙone sama da hekta miliyan 3.4 na ƙasa, kuma sama da masu kashe gobara na duniya 700 sun shiga cikin kokarin kashe su. An kwashe al'ummomin farko guda ashirin da daya, kuma 74 sun shafi.

### Tattalin Arziki
An kiyasta gobarar Jasper ta kashe kamfanonin inshora sama da dala miliyan 880, wanda ya sa ta zama bala'i na tara mafi tsada ga kamfanonin inshorar a tarihin Kanada. Gwamnatocin tarayya da larduna sun sanar a ranar 1 ga watan Agusta cewa za su kashe dala miliyan 57 a kan sabbin kayan aikin kashe gobara a cikin shekaru biyar.

### Muhalli

Ana sa ran fitarwa daga gobarar za ta wuce na kowace shekara tun lokacin da aka fara bin diddigin a shekara ta 2003, ban da mummunan Lokacin 2023 na tarihi. Soot da ash daga Jasper sun sauka a kan Athabasca Glacier, suna ba da damar kankara ta shawo kan karin hasken rana. Haɗe tare da hauhawar yanayin zafi daga canjin yanayi, ajiyar ta sanya kankara cikin abin da masanin ilimin ruwa John Pomeroy ya bayyana a matsayin "mutuwa".

Babban tarin hayaki daga gobarar a tsakiyar watan Yuli ya kafa hanyoyi da ke da nisan dubban kilomita a fadin Kanada da tsakiyar yammacin jihohin Amurka, yana rage ingancin iska. Yayin da gobarar ta ci gaba har zuwa watan Agusta, sun rage ingancin iska kuma sun haifar da sararin samaniya a kusan dukkanin Kanada, da kuma jihohin da ke kan iyaka da Arewa maso gabashin Amurka. Shan sigari a yamma ya addabi Filayen Kanada, kuma manyan biranen da suka hada da Edmonton, Saskatoon, Regina, da Flin Flon sun kai 10+ (mafi girman darajar) a kan Air Quality Health Index. Hayakin ya yi tafiya zuwa gabas a fadin Tekun Atlantika, ya kai Yammacin Turai a ranar 17 ga watan Agusta kuma ya ci gaba zuwa Scandinavia.

Jami'ai daga albarkatun kasa na Kanada sun bayyana cewa gobarar daji a Kanada yanzu na iya zama shekara-shekara maimakon abin da ya faru a yanayi. Wasu gobara a Arewa maso gabashin British Columbia suna ci gaba da ƙonewa tun 2022 kuma suna iya ƙonewa har zuwa 2025.

## Manazarta