Nusa Penida Balinese

Nusa Penida Balinese (wanda masu magana da shi ke magana da basa Nosa ) yare ne na yaren Balinese da mutanen Balinese na gida ke magana da Nusa Penida, tsibiri da ke kudu da Bali wanda ke cikin tsarin mulki na Klungkung . Wannan yare ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mafi ban mamaki da banbanta tsakanin yarukan Balinese, saboda ba a iya fahimtar juna tare da daidaitattun yarukan Balinese da sauran yarukan Balinese waɗanda ake magana da su a cikin babban yankin Bali, saboda keɓewar yankin Nusa Penida daga babban yankin Bali. [1] [2] Yaren Nusa Penida galibi ana rarraba shi azaman yanki na yaren Bali Aga wanda mutanen Bali Aga ke magana da shi a yankunan tsaunukan Bali .

Bambance-bambancen yaren Nusa Penida idan aka kwatanta da yaren Balinese gabaɗaya ya ta'allaka ne a fannin phonological, morphological, da innation fannin. Yaren Nusa Penida ya sha bamban ba kawai ta fuskar ƙaranci ba har ma a cikin ƙamus ɗinsa.  Ƙunƙarar masu magana da Nusa Penida, waɗanda ke da ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma suna da tsayi, kuma yana haifar da ƙalubale ga masu magana da Balinese na babban yankin don fahimtar abin da ake faɗa.  Bugu da kari, kamar yaren Bali Aga, yaren Nusa Penida ba shi da tsarin rajistar magana da ake samu a yarukan Balinese na lowland. 

## Rabewa
A cikin harshe, ana ɗaukar Nusa Penida Balinese yare na Balinese, wanda yaren Malayo-Polynesia ne a cikin reshen Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa na dangin harshen Austronesia .  Ana ɗaukar wannan yare a matsayin mafi kusanci da yaren Bali Aga da ake magana da shi a yankunan tsaunuka na babban yankin Bali fiye da Balinese lowland. Dukansu yarukan Bali Aga da Nusa Penida an samo su ne daga tsohuwar Balinese kuma sun adana abubuwan da suka ɓace a cikin Balinese na zamani. Nazari da yawa sun rarraba yaren Nusa Penida a matsayin wani yanki na yaren Bali Aga. 

## Rarrabawa
A halin yanzu, yaren Nusa Penida ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin Nusa Penida a cikin Klungkung Regency . Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ba duk al'ummomi a cikin Nusa Penida ke amfani da yaren Nusa Penida ba. Akwai ƙungiyoyin mutane da yawa waɗanda ke sadarwa ta amfani da yaruka daban-daban. A tsibirin Nusa Lembongan da Nusa Ceningan, waɗanda ke kusa da Nusa Penida, da kuma a wani ɗan ƙaramin yanki na Nusa Penida kusa da waɗannan tsibiran, akwai yare na musamman wanda ya bambanta da yaren Nusa Penida. Ɗayan bambance-bambancen da ya fi daukar hankali shine cikin kalmomi kamar *eda* (kai) da *kola* (I) a cikin yaren Nusa Penida. Masu magana da yaren Nusa Lembongan suna amfani da kalmomi kamar *cai* ko *ci* (kai) da *cang* (I). Wani misali shine *əndək* (Yaren Nusa Penida) da *tusing* (Yaren Nusa Lembongan), *geleng-cenik*, *hangken-kenken*, da sauransu.  Kauyuka 13 ne cikin 16 a cikin Nusa Penida ke amfani da yaren Nusa Penida. Sauran ƙauyukan ko dai suna magana da yaren Nusa Lembongan ko kuma yare mai kama da babban yankin Klungkung Balinese. 

Har ila yau, ana amfani da yaren Nusa Penida a wajen Nusa Penida, musamman saboda ƙaura da masu magana da shi suka yi bayan fashewar dutsen Agung a 1963 da kuma shirin ƙaura da gwamnatin Indonesiya ta yi. Manyan masu magana sun ƙaura zuwa kudancin Sumatra, musamman zuwa Bandar Lampung, Palembang, Mesuji, da Gabashin Lampung . 

## Fassarar sauti
Wannan yare galibi ana rarraba shi azaman ƙaramin yare na wani bambance-bambancen cikin yaren Balinese, wato yaren Bali Aga. Koyaya, akwai babban bambanci tsakanin yarukan biyu, wato asarar ko rage sautin wayar /a/ a ƙarshen kalmomi.  Wannan rabe-rabe ya taso ne saboda yaren Nusa Penida yana raba fasali na harshe tare da yaren Aga, wanda aka kwatanta kamar haka:

* Rarraba sautin wayar /h/ a farkon da tsakiyar kalmomi;
* Kasancewar ƙarewa /-ñə/ da /-cə/, waɗanda suke allphonic morphemes na ƙarewa /-ə/;
* Harshen masu magana yana son samun saurin ɗan lokaci da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi;
* Kalmomi a yaren Nusa Penida yayi kama da na yaren Aga da sauran ƙananan yarensa.

Halayen da aka bayyana a sama kuma suna nuna cewa duka yaren Bali Aga da yaren Nusa Penida suna riƙe da fasalulluka na Tsohuwar Javanese waɗanda suka ɓace a cikin Javanese na zamani da Balinese na ƙasar. 

## Kalmomi
A ƙasa akwai kwatancen kalmomi da yawa a cikin yaren Nusa Penida da daidaitaccen Balinese:

A daidaitaccen Balinese, ana amfani da harafin farko [u], yayin da a cikin yaren Nusa Penida, [u] ana maye gurbinsa kuma ana furta shi azaman [o]. Ƙari ga haka, ana yawan amfani da haruffa [o] da [h] a farkon kalmomi, kamar a cikin *homah*, *honya*, *hoba*, *hobat*, da *sanduna* .

## Manazarta