open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Sanarwar gaggawa ta yanayi a Ƙasar Ingila

An yi Sanarwar gaggawa na sauyi yanayi ta hanyar aiko da rubutu akan hanya a Burtaniya, gami da birni, gundumar, da majalisun gari. An kuma gabatar da takardun shaida don bayyana yanayin gaggawa a wasu yankuna da yawa.

## Kasar kasa
A watan Mayun 2019, Majalisar Dokokin Burtaniya ta amince da kudirin ayyana dokar ta-baci ta yanayi, inda ta zama majalisar kasa ta farko da ta yi hakan.  Shugaban ‘yan adawa na lokacin Jeremy Corbyn ne ya gabatar da kudurin ba tare da rarrabuwa ba tare da goyon bayan bangarorin biyu, duk da cewa ministocin ba su goyi bayan hakan ba..

## Yankunan da aka ba su

## Gidauniyar

### Ingila

#### Majalisar gundumar

#### Majalisar gundumar

#### Gundumomi masu birni

## Arewacin Ireland
Kamfanin Burtaniya na Gabashin Afirka

Kamfanin Imperial British East Africa Company (IBEAC) kungiya ce ta kasuwanci da aka kafa don bunkasa cinikin Afirka a yankunan da Daular Burtaniya ke sarrafawa. An kafa kamfanin ne a Landan a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 1888 kuma Sarauniya Victoria ta ba shi takardar shaidar sarauta a ranar 6 ga Satumba 1888. Dan Scotland William Mackinnon ne ya jagoranci shi kuma ya gina shi a kan ayyukan kasuwanci na kamfaninsa a yankin, tare da ƙarfafawar gwamnatin Burtaniya ta hanyar ba da takardar shaidar mulkin mallaka, kodayake bai kasance a bayyane ba abin da hakan ke nufi.

IBEAC ta kula da yanki na kimanin murabba'in kilomita ,800 (639,000 ) tare da gabar39° Gabas Afirka (daga Somalia ta zamani zuwa Kenya ta zamani), cibiyarta tana da kusan 39 ° Gabas da 0 ° latitude. Mombasa da tashar jiragen ruwa sun kasance tsakiyar ayyukanta, tare da ofishin gudanarwa game da kilomita 50 (kilomita 80) kudu a Shimoni. Ya ba da kariya daga gurfanar da shi ga talakawan Burtaniya ya ba su damar ɗaga haraji, sanya al'adun al'ada, gudanar da adalci, yin yarjejeniyoyi kuma in ba haka ba su yi aiki a matsayin gwamnatin yankin.

A cikin 1893 IBEAC ta canja haƙƙin gudanarwa na yankin ga Gwamnatin Burtaniya. Daga nan aka raba yankin don samar da Uganda Protectorate a 1894 da Gabashin Afirka Protectorate (daga baya Kenya) a 1895.

## Tarihi
A farkon shekarun 1880, ikon Turai sun yi gaggawar samun yankuna a cikin yankuna masu sha'awa a Afirka, wanda har yanzu ba a da'awar wata al'umma ko jiha ba ta Afirka ba. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan yankuna, Sultanate na Zanzibar da ciki na Gabashin Afirka, ya ja hankalin Jamus da Burtaniya. Da fatan warware wannan sha'awar ta hanyar zaman lafiya, a cikin 1886 Jamus da Burtaniya sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya inda suka amince da waɗanne ƙasashe za su bi kawai. Jamus za ta yi ikirarin bakin tekun Tanzania ta yanzu kuma Burtaniya ta ci gaba da samun damar zuwa yankin da Kenya da Uganda ke ciki.

Baya ga aikin da ake tsammani da ke tattare da sarrafa fitarwa da gudanar da kayayyaki da aikin gona, babban rawar da IBEAC ke takawa ita ce fara sauƙaƙe gina hanyar jirgin ƙasa da ke haɗa yankin gabas na Mombasa zuwa Tafkin Victoria. Kamfanin ya dauki James Macdonald tare da taimakon John Wallace Pringle, duka jami'ai a cikin Royal Engineers, don gudanar da binciken a cikin 1891-1892. Su biyu sun bayar da rahoto mai kyau, suna mai lura da cewa Kikuyuland zai dace da zama na Turai. Koyaya, IBEAC ba ta da kuɗin da ake buƙata don fara aikin. IBEAC ta fara gina Hanyar Mackinnon-Sclater, hanyar keken shanu mai nisan kilomita 600 (kilomita 970) daga Mombasa zuwa Busia a kan iyakar Uganda, a cikin 1890.
## Manazarta
Sandunan toshe fuska

sandunan toshe fuska, wanda aka fi sani da bakin sanduna, wani nau'i ne na rubutu, daukar hoto, da kuma tantance bidiyo wanda baƙar fata, launin toka, ko fararen akwatunan rectangular suka rufe bayanai ko hotuna. An yi amfani da waɗannan sanduna don tantance sassa daban-daban na hotuna. Tun lokacin da aka kirkiro software na gyaran dijital wanda zai iya amfani da tasirin da ba su da mahimmanci kamar pixelization da Duwadduwa, ana amfani da sandunan tantancewa don satire,  kodayake suna ci gaba da amfani da su a zamani don magance damuwar sirri. Ana amfani da sandunan toshe a cikin siffofin fasaha kamar Waƙoƙin rufewa.

## manazarta
Har ila yau, sandunan masu tantancewa na iya samun kalmomin "An hana bayyana", "An gyara", "bayanan sirri", "bayanai masu mahimmanci", da dai sauransu don nuna kasancewarsu.

Wani lokaci, ana maye gurbin sandunan tantancewa da hotuna maimakon sanduna kawai.

## Hotuna na amfani

Fayil:1965_FBI_monograph_on_Nation_of_Islam_-_Elijah_Muhammad_at_Airport_(redacted).png|A 1965 Federal Bureau of Investigation surveillance photograph
Fayil:Aclu-v-ashcroft-redacted.jpg|A heavily redacted page from the lawsuit *[[American Civil Liberties Union v. Ashcroft (2004)|American Civil Liberties Union v. Ashcroft]]*
Fayil:Google_Doodle_Censored_2.png|The censor bar as used by Google in the SOPA and PIPA online protests
Fayil:CENSORED_The_Birth_of_Venus_by_William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_(1879).jpg|Censor bars applied to an academy painting, *[[The Birth of Venus (Bouguereau)|The Birth of Venus]]* by William-Adolphe Bouguereau
Fayil:Frau-2_censored_de.jpg|Censor bars applied to a model
Fayil:Stevens-johnson-syndrome.jpg|Censor bars applied to a patient with Stevens–Johnson syndrome
Fayil:Riley_day.jpg|Censor bars used to anonymise a woman with familial dysautonomia
Fayil:Censored_wikipedia_logo_for_trwiki.svg|The Turkish Wikipedia logo with a censor bar covering the text, used from April 2017 to January 2020 when Turkish authorities blocked online access to Wikipedia in all languages across Turkey
Fayil:Chwiesiuk_complaint_affidavit_0.pdf|A portion of the redacted affidavit used to obtain a search warrant for former U.S. President Donald Trump's Mar-a-Lago home and resort, with the signature block blacked out
Yanayin yanayi na Liverpool

**yanayin [[Liverpool]]** yana da nau'ikan nau'ikan teku masu kyau (Köppen: *Cfb*), tare da lokacin rani mai sauƙi, hunturu mai sanyi da ruwan sama sun bazu daidai a duk shekara. Tun daga 1867, an adana ruwan sama da rikodin zafin jiki na birnin a Bidston Observatory, da kuma rikodin matsin yanayi tun 1846. Koyaya, shafin ya rufe a shekara ta 2002, kuma Ofishin Met ya yi amfani da tashar yanayi a Crosby tun daga lokacin. An gudanar da lura da yanayin yanayi na yau da kullun a cikin birni tun aƙalla 1768, tare da rikodin da ba a karya ba na dogon lokaci. Wannan ya haɗa da abubuwan lura da aka ɗauka a Liverpool Dock daga 1768 zuwa 1798,  wani wuri da ba a bayyana ba daga 1772 zuwa 1799  da West Derby daga 1830 zuwa 1859  kuma a wasu wuraren da ba a nuna su ba a cikin birni daga akalla 1860 zuwa gaba. An ci gaba da lura a yankuna daban-daban na birnin tun 1830. A zamanin yau, akwai wasu tashoshin da za su yi aiki a yankin Liverpool, gami da tashoshin a West Kirby (1912-1979), Aigburth (1967-1994), da Filin jirgin saman Liverpool John Lennon (1946-yanzu).  

Tun lokacin da aka fara rikodin, mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki da aka taɓa samu a cikin Liverpool da Merseyside shine -17.6 °C (0.3 °F) akan 21 Disamba 2010, kuma mafi girman zafin jiki da aka rubuta shine 36.0 °C (96.8 °F) ya kasance akan 18 ga Yuli 2022, da 19 Yuli 2022.]  Mafi ƙarancin zafin rana shine 22.5 °C (72.5 °F) wanda aka ruwaito akan 19 ga Yuli 2022, kuma mafi ƙarancin zafin rana shine -6.9 °C (19.6 °F) akan 20 Disamba 2010.[2][3]  A matsakaita, adadin kwanakin sanyin iska a kowace shekara yana ƙasa da matsakaicin ƙasa, kuma a lokacin hunturu, dusar ƙanƙara ba ta zama ruwan dare ba, tare da tsananin dusar ƙanƙara da ke faruwa da wuya.  Ruwan sama kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a cikin birni, amma an san fari yana haifar da wasu matsalolin ababen more rayuwa na magudanar ruwa a lokacin rani, ba tare da yin tasiri ga amfani da kayan masarufi ba ko kaɗan, fari na baya-bayan nan da ya faru a lokacin zafi na 2018.[5]..

## Rarrabawar
Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a Liverpool shine  ° C (55.8 ° F) kuma matsakaicin zabin jiki na shekara shine  ° C (45.0 ° F). Matsakaicin yau da kullun shine  ° C (50.2 ° F).

### Matsakaicin matsakaicin

### Ƙarfin Ƙarfin
Saboda Liverpool tana da yanayin teku, matsanancin zafi ba safai ba ne.[1]  Bugu da ƙari kuma, kasancewa kusa da teku, sanyin iska yana ƙaruwa sakamakon iska mai ƙarfi kamar yadda ma'aunin zafi ya fi girma sakamakon yanayin zafi da ke kusa da jikin ruwa.  

## Ruwan sama
Ruwan sama yana da kyau a kai a kai a ko'ina cikin shekara a Liverpool, ba tare da rigar ko lokacin bushewa ba sakamakon yanayin teku. Dukkanin bayanan suna nufin Bidston Observatory daga 1867 zuwa 2002 da Crosby daga wannan lokacin.

### Matsakaicin matsakaicin
 

## Hasken rana
An adana bayanan hasken rana a Bidston daga 1908 zuwa 2002. Tashar da ke Crosby ba ta bayar da rahoton bayanan hasken rana ba. Tashar da ta fi kusa da ita yanzu ita ce Hawarden, Flintshire,   daga nesa.
Yanayin Sochi

Sochi, birni ne a cikin Krasnodar Krai, Rasha, wanda ke gabashin Tekun Baƙi. Sochi tana da yanayi mai zafi (Köppen climate classification *Cfa*), tare da sanyi zuwa hunturu mai sauƙi da lokacin zafi. Sochi yana da danshi a duk shekara, musamman a lokacin hunturu, wanda yake da danshi sosai. Lokacin bazara ma yana da danshi amma kuma yana da rana, kodayake babu wata da ke da kasa da kwanaki 10 na ruwan sama. Sochi tana da dumi sosai ga ka'idodin Rasha.

Yankin Sochi ya ƙunshi yanayi mai yawa, yanayin zafi na rana na iya bambanta har zuwa 10 ° C tsakanin yankunan bakin teku a Adler da Lazarevsky idan aka kwatanta da Krasnaya Polyana.&nbsp;

## Yanayin zafi
Matsakaicin zafinta na shekara shine 14.6 °C (58.3 °F), 18.4 °C (65.1 °F) a rana da 11.1 °C (52.0 °F) da dare.  A cikin watan mafi sanyi - Janairu, yawan zafin jiki yakan tashi daga 5 zuwa 15 °C (41 zuwa 59 °F) a rana da -2 zuwa 6 °C (28 zuwa 43 °F) da dare.  A cikin watan mafi zafi - Agusta, yanayin zafi na yau da kullun yana tashi daga 26 zuwa 32 °C (79 zuwa 90 °F) a rana da kusan 21 °C (70 °F) da dare.  Babban juyi a yanayin zafi ba kasafai ba ne.  Mafi zafi da aka rubuta a Sochi shine 38.4 °C (101.1 °F) a ranar 30 ga Yuli, 2000. Mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki shine -13.4 °C (7.9 °F) a ranar 25 ga Janairu, 1892 kuma mafi ƙanƙanta tun 2001 ya kasance -7.3 °C, °F 129 11 ga Janairu.  ake bukata]

### Yanayin yanayi

#### Lokacin hunturu
Lokacin Sanyi a Sochi suna da sanyi zuwa m.  Janairu da Fabrairu su ne watanni mafi sanyi, tare da matsakaicin yanayin zafi a kusa da 10 °C (50 °F) a rana da 3 °C (37 °F) da dare.  Dusar ƙanƙara da sanyi ba sabon abu ba ne daga Disamba zuwa Maris. 

#### Lokacin bazara
Gabaɗaya lokacin rani yana ɗaukar kimanin watanni shida, daga Mayu zuwa Oktoba. Yuli da Agusta sune watanni mafi zafi, tare da matsakaicin yanayin zafi a kusa da 27-29 ° C (81-84 ° F) a rana da 27-21 ° C (81-70 ° F) da dare. A watan Yuni da Satumba matsakaicin zafin jiki yana kusa da  ° C (77 ° F) a rana da  ° C (61 ° F) da dare, kuma a watan Mayu da Oktoba matsakaicin yawan zafin jiki shine kusa da  ° C (68 ° F) cikin rana da  ° C (54 ° F) na dare.

## Tebur ɗin bayanan yanayi

### Yanayin yanayi na ƙananan gundumomi na Sochi

### Yanayin Tekun Baƙi

## Manazarta
Yanayin yanayi na Manitoba

Saboda wurin da yake a tsakiyar nahiyar Arewacin Amurka, **[[Climate|yanayi]] Manitoba** yana da matsananciyar gaske. Gabaɗaya, yanayin zafi da hazo suna raguwa daga kudu zuwa arewa, kuma hazo yana raguwa daga gabas zuwa yamma. Tun da yake Manitoba yana da nisa daga tasirin matsakaici na tsaunuka biyu da manyan ruwa, kuma saboda yanayin da ke cikin wurare da yawa, ana fallasa shi ga tsarin yanayi da yawa a ko'ina cikin shekara, gami da iska mai sanyi na Arctic wanda ke zaune daga arewa maso yamma, yawanci a cikin watanni na Janairu da Fabrairu. A lokacin rani, yawan iska sau da yawa yana fitowa daga kudancin Amurka, yayin da Azores High mafi karfi ke shiga cikin nahiyar Arewacin Amurka, iska mai dumi, mai laushi ana jawo shi zuwa arewa daga Tekun Mexico, gabaɗaya a cikin watanni na Yuli ko Agusta.

## Yanayi gabaɗaya
Kudancin Manitoba (ciki har da Winnipeg), ya faɗi cikin yankin yanayi mai ɗanɗano na nahiyar (Köppen Dfb).  Zazzabi a nan yayi kama da yankin yanayi maras bushewa, amma wannan yanki shine yanki mafi ɗanɗano a cikin Lardunan Prairie tare da matsakaicin hazo..&nbsp;&nbsp;

Yankunan arewacin lardin (ciki har da birnin Thompson) sun fada cikin Yanayin yanayi na subarctic (Köppen *Dfc*). Wannan yankin yana da dogon lokaci da sanyi sosai da kuma gajeren lokacin rani mai dumi tare da karancin hazo. Rashin dare kamar yadda -40 °C (-40  ke faruwa a kwanaki da yawa a kowane hunturu, kuma zafin jiki na iya kasancewa ƙasa da -18   na makonni.

Kudancin Manitoba (ciki har da Winnipeg), ya fada cikin yankin yanayi mai laushi (Köppen *Dfb*). Yanayin zafi a nan yayi kama da yankin yanayi mai tsaka-tsaki, amma wannan yankin shine mafi yawan zafi a cikin lardunan Prairie tare da matsakaicin ruwan sama.

Kudu maso yammacin Manitoba, kodayake a ƙarƙashin wannan yanayin yanayi kamar sauran Kudancin Manitobe, yana kusa da tsaka-tsaki na ciki na Triangle na Palliser, kuma saboda haka, ya bushe kuma ya fi fuskantar fari fiye da sauran sassan kudancin Manitova. Wannan yanki yana da sanyi kuma yana da iska a cikin hunturu  Lokacin bazara yawanci yana da dumi zuwa zafi, tare da ƙasa zuwa matsakaiciyar zafi.

Tebur mai zuwa yana ba da matsakaicin 1971 zuwa 2000 don yanayin zafi mai girma da ƙasa a watan Yuli da Janairu, ruwan sama, dusar ƙanƙara da hazo ga birane bakwai.

## Guguwa

Yankunan kudancin lardin, dake arewa da Tornado Alley, suna fuskantar guguwa a kowace shekara, tare da tabbatar da guguwar 15 a cikin 2006. Yuni da Yuli sune watanni da aka fi sani da irin wannan guguwa.  A cikin 2007, a ranar 22 ga Yuni da 23 ga Yuni, guguwa da yawa sun taɓa ƙasa, gami da F5 Tornado wanda ya lalata sassan Elie (guguwar da aka yi rikodin bisa hukuma a Kanada).
Gurbacewar filastik

Gurbacewar filastik ita ce tarin abubuwa da barbashi (misali kwalabe, jakunkuna da microbeads) a cikin muhallin duniya wanda ke yin illa ga mutane, namun daji da wuraren zama.Filayen da ke aiki azaman  gurɓatawa ana rarraba su ta hanyar girma zuwa tarkace micro-, meso-, ko macro.Filastik ba su da tsada kuma masu ɗorewa, suna sa su dace sosai don amfani daban-daban; saboda haka, masana'antun sun zaɓi yin amfani da filastik akan sauran kayan.Koyaya, tsarin sinadarai na mafi yawan robobi yana sa su jure wa yawancin hanyoyin lalacewa na lalacewa kuma a sakamakon haka suna jinkirin raguwa.Tare, waɗannan abubuwa guda biyu suna ba da damar manyan ɗimbin robobi su shiga cikin mahalli a matsayin sharar da ba a sarrafa ba wanda ke ci gaba a cikin muhallin  kuma yana tafiya cikin gidajen yanar gizon abinci.

Gurbacewar filastik na iya addabar ƙasa, hanyoyin ruwa da kuma tekuna. An kiyasta cewa tan miliyan 1.1 zuwa 8.8 na sharar robobi na shiga cikin teku daga al'ummomin da ke bakin teku a kowace shekara.[8]An kiyasta cewa akwai tarin tan miliyan 86 na tarkacen ruwa na robobi a cikin tekun duniya ya zuwa karshen shekarar 2013, tare da hasashen cewa kashi 1.4% na robobin da ake samarwa a duniya daga 1950 zuwa 2013 sun shiga cikin tekun kuma sun taru a wurin.[9]Samar da robobi na duniya ya haura daga tan miliyan 1.5 a cikin shekarun 1950 zuwa tan miliyan 335 a shekarar 2016, wanda ya haifar da matsalolin muhalli. Wani muhimmin al'amari ya taso ne daga rashin ingantaccen magani na kashi 79% na samfuran filastik, wanda ke haifar da sakin su zuwa wuraren da ake zubar da ƙasa ko kuma yanayin yanayi.[10]

Wasu masu bincike sun nuna cewa nan da shekara ta 2050 za a iya samun robobi fiye da kifin da ke cikin teku bisa nauyi.[11]Za a iya cutar da halittu masu rai, musamman dabbobin ruwa, ko dai ta hanyar injuna kamar cuku-cuwa a cikin abubuwan robobi, matsalolin da ke da alaƙa da sharar robobi, ko kuma ta hanyar bayyanar da sinadarai a cikin robobi waɗanda ke kawo cikas ga ilimin halittarsu. Lalacewar sharar robobi na iya shafar mutane kai tsaye ta hanyar amfani da su kai tsaye (watau a cikin ruwan famfo), cin abinci kai tsaye (ta hanyar cin tsire-tsire da dabbobi), da rushewar hanyoyin hormonal.

## Abunda ke haddasashi
Akwai ƙididdiga daban-daban na yawan sharar robobi da aka yi a ƙarni na baya. Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, an yi watsi da tan biliyan daya na sharar robobi tun daga shekarun 1950.Wasu kuma sun yi kiyasin yawan adadin mutane da ake samarwa na tan biliyan 8.3 na robobi, wanda tan biliyan 6.3 ya zama almubazzaranci, inda kashi 9% kawai ake sake yin amfani da su.

An kiyasta cewa wannan sharar ta ƙunshi 81% resin polymer, 13% polymer fibers da 32%  additives polymer. A cikin 2018 an samar da fiye da tan miliyan 343 na sharar robobi, kashi 90% na abin da ya ƙunshi sharar robobin bayan mabukaci (sharar masana'antu, aikin gona, kasuwanci da kuma sharar robobin birni). Sauran sharar da aka riga aka yi amfani da su sun kasance daga samar da guduro da kera samfuran filastik (misali kayan da aka ƙi saboda launi mara dacewa, taurin, ko halayen sarrafawa).

## Manazarta
Majalisar Juyin Juya Halin Matasan Afirka ta Kudu

**Majalisar juyin juya halin matasan Afirka ta Kudu** ( **SAYRCO** ) ƙungiya ce ta siyasa ta Afirka ta Kudu. SAYRCO ta bayyana kanta a matsayin (saboda rashin kyakkyawan lokaci (for lack of a better term)) 'karfi na uku' a gwagwarmayar adawa da nuna wariyar launin fata.  Tana da alaƙa da Black Consciousness Movement. 

## Gidauniya
Ƙungiyar ta fito ne daga ɓangaren ANC, waɗanda ba na PAC ba na Majalisar Wakilai ta Soweto Student Representative Council (SSRC). An tilastawa ƙungiyar gudun hijira bayan boren Soweto a shekarar 1976.  Da farko sun isa Botswana, daga baya kuma suka koma Najeriya.  Ƙungiyar ta gudanar da rangadin tara kuɗi a Amurka, Yammacin Turai da Afirka ta Yamma. A watan Yuli 1979 aka miƙa shugabancin ƙungiyar daga Tsietsi Mashinini zuwa Khotso Seatlhoho. A cikin wannan tsari an karɓi sunan SAYRC. A shekarar 1981 SAYRCO ta samu tallafi daga gwamnatin Najeriya. Seatlhoho ya samu horon soji daga ƙungiyar 'yantar da Palastinu a Siriya da Lebanon. SAYRCO ta yi kira da a samar da karin nau'ikan gwagwarmaya na makamai masu linzami da gwamnatin mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata, inda ta soki ƙungiyoyin da aka kafa na yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata da cewa suna da karfin kariya.

## Gwagwarmayar makami
'Yancin Zimbabwe ya buɗe wa ƙungiyar SAYRCO damar kaddamar da gwagwarmayar makamai a cikin Afirka ta Kudu. Jam’iyyar ZANU-PF ta ba wa ‘yan ƙungiyar SAYRCO horon soji.  Ƙungiyar ta yi ƙoƙarin shiga Afirka ta Kudu tare da gina rundunar soja a can.

## Kama Seatlhoho
A ranar 18 ga watan Yuni 1981 hukumomin Afirka ta Kudu sun kama Seatlhoho da wani memba na SAYRCO, Masabatha Loate. An kama Seatlhoho ne yayin wani taro a Orlando Gabas.   Za a yanke musu hukuncin zaman gidan yari na shekaru goma da biyar bi da bi.  An kama Seatlhoho da gwamnati ta yi ta yadawa sosai, an buga labarin a jaridu da yawa.  *Jaridar Daily Telegraph* ta buga kanun labarai tana cewa "An kama Scarlet Pimpernel na Soweto!".  A ranar 21 ga watan Yuni 1981 'yan sandan Afirka ta Kudu sun yi ikirarin kama jimillar shugabannin SAYRCO 8.

An ɗaure Seatlhoho a gidan yari a tsibirin Robben. Bayan kama Seatlhoho ƙungiyar ta zama kamar ta lalace.  Gwamnatin Najeriya ta janye goyon bayanta ga ƙungiyar, kuma ta koma tsohuwar manufofinta na tallafawa ANC da PAC (wanda ba kamar SAYRCO ba, ya sami karɓuwa daga Kungiyar Haɗin Kan Afirka).

## Manazarta
Liberation Support Movement

The **Liberation Support Movement** (LSM) ƙungiya ce mai fafutukar gurguzu kuma mai bin duniya ta uku  wacce take a Vancouver, British Columbia, Kanada, da Oakland, California, a Amurka. Ƙungiyar ta kasance mai aiki daga shekarun 1968 zuwa 1982, kuma tana goyon bayan ƙungiyoyin adawa na asali a cikin ƙasashen da suka yi mulkin mallaka, musamman a Afirka.

## Tarihi
Masanin ilimin halin ɗan adam ɗan ƙasar Amurka Donald Barnett ne ya kafa LSM a shekarar 1968.  Barnett ya karanci gwagwarmayar ‘yanci a Afirka, inda ya rubuta labarinsa a UCLA game da ƙungiyar ‘yan tawayen Mau Mau a Kenya. Barnett sannan ya kwashe wasu sassa na shekarar 1960 a Afirka yana tattara tarihin baka daga membobin ƙungiyoyin tawaye, gami da Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA).  Bayan ya dawo Arewacin Amirka, Barnett ya karɓi matsayin mai koyarwa a Jami'ar Simon Fraser a Burnaby, British Columbia.  Daga nan ne ya fara LSM, yana tattara goyon baya daga gwagwarmayar yaki da yaki a Amurka. 

LSM tana da membobi a Seattle, Washington, San Francisco Bay Area a California, da kuma a cikin New York City a farkon shekarun 1970s.  Ƙungiyar ta yi daidai da manufofin siyasa na Marxist-Leninist. Bayan mutuwar Barnett daga ciwon zuciya a shekarar 1975, hedkwatar LSM ta tashi daga Vancouver zuwa Oakland. Ƙungiyar ta watse a shekarar 1982.

## Manazarta
Ma'aikatar Canjin Yanayi, Muhalli da Makamashi

**Ma'aikatar Canjin Yanayi, Muhalli da Makamashi** (Dhivehi) ma'aikatari ce ta gwamnatin Maldives wacce ke da alhakin karewa da adana yanayin halittu da bambancin halittu da kuma inganta albarkatun makamashi masu ɗorewa.

An kafa hedikwatar a Dharubaaruge bayan gobarar gine-ginen gwamnatin Maldives.

A watan Fabrairun 2025, an haɗa ma'aikatar cikin Ma'aikatun Yawon Bude Ido kuma ta kafa Ma'aikatu da Muhalli.

## Ministoci

## Manazarta
Iyalin Polar Bear da Ni

The Polar Bear Family & Me jerin shirye-shiryen yanayi ne na kashi uku wanda BBC Natural History Unit ta samar. Ya biyo bayan mai daukar hoto na namun daji Gordon Buchanan yayin da yake ciyar da shekara guda tare da dangin bears na daji, a karkashin jagorancin masanin ilimin halitta Jason Roberts, ƙwarewar polar na yankin Antarctic da Svalbard kusa da tsibirin Norwegian na Tekun Arctic.

Jerin ya kasance mai kawo rigima saboda amfani da akwatin perspex, daga ciki Buchanan ya yi fim din polar bears kusa. An ruwaito cewa hukumomin Norway sun sanar da Roberts cewa za a iya ci shi tarar saboda "ta'addanci" da bears.

## Manazarta
Ƙungiyar Five Freedoms Forum

**Ƙungiyar Five Freedoms Forum** (FFF) ƙungiya ce ta ƙungiyoyin yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata waɗanda galibi fararen fata ne.  An ƙaddamar da shi a Johannesburg a ranar 18 ga watan Maris 1987. Sunan ƙungiyar ya dogara ne akan 'yanci guda biyar: (Five Freedoms Forum) "'yanci daga buƙata, 'yanci daga tsoro, 'yanci daga wariya,' yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da ƙungiyoyi da 'yancin lamiri."  Ƙungiyoyi da dama sun faɗi a ƙarƙashin laima na Ƙungiyar 'Yanci biyar (Five Freedoms Forum) da suka haɗa da NUSAS, Black Sash, Studentsaliban Kirista na Matasa, Jodac, Kwamitin Ikilisiya na Katolika don Adalci da Aminci, Ma'aikatan zamantakewa da damuwa, Yahudawa don Adalci na zamantakewa da Kwamitin Tallafawa Iyaye na tsare. Ƙungiyar 'Yanci biyar ta shirya taron kwanaki biyu na wakilai 800 a watan Satumba a shekarar 1987, wanda shine "taron farko na ƙasa da ƙasa na ƙungiyoyin fararen fata na Afirka ta Kudu masu adawa da mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata."  A cikin shekarar 1989, an kashe wani mai fafutukar yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata, David Webster, wanda ya kasance fari kuma yana da hannu tare da Dandalin 'Yanci biyar (Five Freedoms Forum). 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Tarin Dandalin 'Yanci Biyar (FFF).
Shirin Manufofin Yanayi

Tsarin Manufofin Yanayi (CPI) kungiya ce mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta ba tare da riba ba kuma ƙungiyar manufofin yanayi ta duniya da ke zaune a San Francisco, California tare da wasu ofisoshi a duk duniya. CPI tana samun goyon baya da farko daga kungiyoyin agaji da kudaden ci gaban gwamnati.

Tare da sama da masu sharhi da masu ba da shawara 150  tankin tunani na yanayi yana aiki don inganta makamashi da manufofin amfani da ƙasa a duniya, tare da mai da hankali kan kudi.  An dauke shi babbar kungiya ta kwararru wajen bin diddigin kudi na yanayi na duniya. Farawa tare da Landscape of Climate Finance (a shekarar 2011), CPI ta buga jerin rahotanni na shekara-shekara waɗanda ke bincika hanyoyin kudi na jama'a da masu zaman kansu a duk duniya. CPI kuma ta buga zurfin nazarin shari'a game da tattara jama'a na saka hannun jari masu zaman kansu. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2021, CPI ta ba da rahoton cewa kwararar kudade masu alaƙa da yanayi a ciki da tsakanin ƙasashe suna da kusan 0.7% na GDP na duniya, ƙasa da adadin da aka yi hasashen za a buƙaci don Rage yanayin yanayi da daidaitawa. Kungiyar San Giorgio (SGG), ƙungiyar aiki da CPI da sauransu suka kafa a cikin  Shekara ta 2011, suna mai da hankali kan hanyoyin da kudade zasu iya tallafawa saka hannun jari mai ƙarancin fitarwa.

## Tarihi
Thomas Heller ne ya kafa shi a shekara ta 2009,  CPI tana da hedkwata a San Francisco (Amurka).  Har ila yau, yana da ofisoshi a Rio de Janeiro (Brazil),  New Delhi (India),  Jakarta (Indonesia),  Landan (United Kingdom),  Washington DC (Amurka),  da Cape Town (Afirka ta Kudu).  Yazo a shekarar 2020, Manajan Darakta na Duniya na Shirin Manufofin Yanayi shine Barbara Buchner.  

## Yankunan bincike na yanzu

* Makamashi mai sabuntawa & ingancin makamashi
* Manufofin da cibiyoyin
* Kudin carbon
* Yanayi & ci gaba (don mujallar kimiyya duba *[[Yanayi da Ci gaba]]*) 
* Kayan daji da Amfani da ƙasa

## Littattafai
CPI ta wallafa fiye da 500 karatu a kan wuraren da aka jera a baya, galibi a Turanci, tare da wasu a Portuguese da Bahasa Indonesia (Malay). Ana iya sauke karatun kyauta a shafin yanar gizon wallafe-wallafen.

## Dubi kuma

* Kudin Yanayi
* Rashin dumamar yanayi

## Haɗin waje

* Shafin yanar gizon hukuma na Manufofin Yanayi

## Manazarta
Ma'aikatar Canjin Muhalli (Italiya)

**Ma'aikatar Canjin Muhalli** sashen Gwamnatin Italiya ne. Da yake maye gurbin ma'aikatar Tekun Land da dazuzzuka an kafa ta ne a cikin 2021 ta majalisar ministocin Draghi, kuma ta maye gurbin Ma'aikatun Muhalli.

## Ministoci
Ma'aikatar tana karkashin jagorancin Ministan Muhalli na Italiya.

Ilaria Fontana ita ce Mataimakin Sakataren Gwamnati.

## Manazarta
Cibiyar Tarihin Yanayi

**Cibiyar Tarihin Yanayi** an kafa shi a cikin 2018 kuma an ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 2019 don mayar da martani ga Babban Taron Ayyukan Yanayi na Duniya da kuma tasirin sauyin yanayi a fannin fasaha, al'adu da al'adun gargajiya.  Yana da nufin tallafa wa membobinta don ba da gudummawa ga cika yarjejeniyar yanayi ta Paris ta hanyar haɗa al'adu. Har ila yau, hanyar sadarwar tana nufin gabatar da al'adun gargajiya cikin tattaunawa game da sauyin yanayi.

Cibiyar sadarwa ta duniya ta ƙunshi kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu sama da 250, hukumomin gwamnati, jami'o'i, kasuwanci da sauran ƙungiyoyi masu aiki da al'adu ta nau'ikansa daban-daban..

A watan Satumbar 2022, CHN ta fitar da Shirin Aiki wanda ya bayyana manufofi biyu don 2022-24: "Ƙara yawan da ingancin aikin yanayi na al'ada" da "Manufar sauyin yanayi". Don tallafawa waɗannan manufofi, CHN ta ba da sunayen manyan batutuwa 12, kamar su Gine-gine da Infrastructure, Abinci da Aikin Gona, Sharar gida da Amfani.

Don wannan dalili, cibiyar sadarwa tana ƙara kasancewa a taron sauyin yanayi na kasa da kasa, kamar Taron Canjin Yanayi na 26 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (COP26) a Glasgow, Scotland da kuma taron canjin sauyin yanayi nke 27 na Majalisar Dattijai (COP2) a Sharm El-Sheikh, Misira.
A polar Bear in Love

A Polar Bear in Love (Japanese, Hepburn: Koisuru Shirokuma) jerin manga ne na Japan wanda Koromo ya shirya. An fara ƙaddamar da Polar Bear in Love a cikin *Comic* a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014 kafin a tsara shi a cikin Mujallar manga ta kowane wata Monthly Comic Gene farawa a watan Yunin shekara ta 2015.

## Makirci
Wani hatimi mara kunne ya rasa kansa a cikin kamfanin beyar polar. Bear din ya fada cikin soyayya da hatimi, amma hatimi mai tsoro koyaushe yana fassara ci gaban soyayya a matsayin sha'awar cinye shi.

:

## Kafofin watsa labarai

### Manga
A Polar Bear in Love an rubuta shi kuma Koromo ya kwatanta shi. An fara ƙaddamar da manga a kan aikace-aikacen manga *Comic* a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014.  Daga baya aka tsara shi a cikin mujallar Monthly Comic Gene ta kowane wata tun daga watan Yunin 2015.  Daga baya aka saki surori a cikin kundin 4 da aka ɗaure ta Kadokawa a ƙarƙashin alamar Monthly Comic Gene Series.

A cikin 2017, Yen Press ta ba da lasisi ga manga don rarraba a Turanci.

### Anime
An sanar da karɓar wasan kwaikwayo a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2016 a matsayin ɗan gajeren wasan kwaikwayo. Kazuya Ichikawa ne ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarnin fim din, tare da Yō Yamada wanda ke kula da jagorancin sauti da Scenario Art wanda ke ba da taken waƙa. An nuna fim din a ranar 4 ga Maris, 2017. 
  

## Karɓar baƙi
Masu bita a Anime News Network sun yaba da zane-zane, amma suna da ra'ayoyi masu rikitarwa game da lokutan da suka fi tsanani a labarin. Littafin ya zo karkashin bincike lokacin da iyaye a Orange County, California suka matsa don a dakatar da littafin. 

## Manazarta
Newton, Norfolk

**Newton** ƙauye ne a arewa maso gabashin gabar yankin Suffolk na Ingila . Garin, wanda zai kasance a Norfolk tun shekara ta 1974, yanzu ya ɓace saboda lalacewar bakin teku. 

## Tarihi
Newton yana kan iyakar Tekun Arewa. An sanya masa suna ne saboda, a ƙarƙashin Anglo-Saxons, sabon yanki ne idan aka kwatanta da makwabta Corton, Hopton da Gorleston. A lokacin Domesday Book a cikin 1086, Newton yana da gida ɗaya kawai, ɗan 'yanci ɗaya da rabin ƙungiyar noma. A cikin Edward I's 1274 Hundred Rolls, an haɗa Newton a cikin Lothingland Half Hundred . 

Newton ya kasance daidai da Hopton, arewa zuwa kudu, amma yana gabas. A cikin karni na 14, ƙofar arewacin Kogin Yare a Yarmouth ta fara yin laushi, ta haifar da dogon yashi; wannan ya gudana a kudu har zuwa Gunton. An yanke bakwai, ko gibin, ta hanyar murfin; an sanya ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan a cikin 1408 a Newton kuma an san shi da Newton Gap. Hanyar da ta haɗa Hopton da Newton ana kiranta Newton Gap Road; wannan yanzu ana kiranta Beach Road. Newton kanta da alama ta wanke a cikin karni na 16.

## Ragowar
Bayan da yawancin Newton suka ɓace, ragowar, wanda ya kasance karamin layi, an haɗa shi da Corton a cikin 1515. Sauran ragowar, wani yanki da ake kira *Newton Green* da dutse mai goyan bayan gicciye da aka sani da *Newton Cross*, sun ɓace zuwa rushewa a shekara ta 1891.  RAF Hopton, tashar Chain Home Low, ta kasance a kan wannan ragowar. An canja ragowar daga Corton zuwa Hopton a lokacin sake tsara gundumar a shekara ta 1974, a wannan lokacin ne aka sake sunan Hopton-on-Sea, yayin da ya sami bakin teku.

## Cocin St Maryamu
Cocin da ke Newton an keɓe shi ga St Maryamu. An ambaci shi a cikin ayyukan a karni na 14 kuma an ambaci shi na ƙarshe a cikin 1526. Ginin ya ɓace a cikin teku a cikin kusan 1350; wasu daga cikin kayan da aka adana don sabon hanyar arewa a Cocin St Margaret, Hopton . 

Akwai buƙatu biyu a cikin wasiƙu na ƙarni na 16 da za a binne su a cikin cocin a Newton  kuma an rubuta rushewar cocin kamar yadda har yanzu ana iya gani a wani yanki da ake kira The Gate a cikin 1791,   a ƙarshe ya ɓace a ƙarni na 19. 

## Manazarta
Yanayi a Faisalabad

**Yanayin [[Faisalabad]]** yana da yanayi na tsaka-tsaki (BSh)  a cikin Rarrabawar Köppen-Geiger, yana kan iyaka da Yanayin zafi mai zafi (Cwa) tare da lokacin zafi da sanyi mai sanyi. Matsakaicin matsakaicin yanayin zafi a watan Yuni shine  ° C (113.9 ° F) da  ° C (80.4 ° F). A watan Janairu matsakaicin matsakaicin shine  ° C (66.9 ° F) da  ° C (39.4 ° F). 

Lokacin bazara yana farawa a tsakiyar Afrilu kuma yana ci gaba har zuwa ƙarshen Oktoba. Mayu da Yuni sune watanni mafi zafi, yayin da Yuli, Agusta da farkon rabin Satumba na iya zama mai zafi, ban da kwanakin da ruwan sama ya yi. Yuni shine watan da ya fi zafi a Faisalabad, lokacin da yanayin ya bushe kuma guguwar ƙura ta zama ruwan dare. Watan da ya fi sanyi shine Janairu, wanda kuma shine watan busasshiyar rana tare da manyan kwanakin hazo. Ruwan yana da yawa musamman da dare da kuma safiya. Lokacin hunturu yana farawa a watan Nuwamba kuma yana ci gaba har zuwa farkon Fabrairu. Lokacin bazara yana farawa bayan tsakiyar Fabrairu kuma yawanci yana ci gaba har zuwa ƙarshen Maris, lokacin da yanayin zafi ya fara tashi kuma yanayin ya zama ya bushe da rana. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara yana da kusan millimeters 602 (23.7 in), wanda ke da yanayi sosai tun lokacin da kusan rabin ruwan sama na kowace shekara ke faruwa a watan Yuni, Yuli, Agusta da Satumba a lokacin damina.

## Yanayi mai tsanani
Yanayin zafin birnin ya kai madaidaicin zafin rani na 48.0 °C (118.4 °F), wanda aka lura a ranar 9 ga Yuni 1947 da kuma a ranar 26 ga Mayu 2010.[1]  An yi rikodin mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki na -4.0 °C (24.8 °F) a ranar 15 ga Janairun 1978. Rikodin ruwan sama na sa'o'i 24 ya tsaya a ƙaƙƙarfan milimita 264.2 (10.40 in) da aka yi rikodin a ranar 5 ga Satumba 1961, wanda ke kusan kashi 70 na yawan ruwan sama na shekara-shekara.  Guguwar iska mafi girma da aka taɓa samu a Faisalabad ta faru ne a lokacin wata mummunar guguwar ƙura a ranar 2 ga Yuni 2000, lokacin da madaidaicin gudun iskar ya kai kilomita 151 a cikin awa ɗaya (94 mph; 82 kn). 

## Iska
Baya ga rikodin zafin jiki da ruwan sama, iskõki a Faisalabad gabaɗaya suna da sauƙi. Birnin yana cikin yankin da ke da saurin iska. Iska ta yamma ta mamaye da yamma, yayin da dare ke da kwanciyar hankali. Iska ta kudu maso gabas / gabas ta zama ruwan dare a nan a lokacin ruwan sama. Faisalabad, kasancewa a cikin filayen, na iya fuskantar tsawa mai tsanani da iska mai ƙarfi wanda zai iya lalata amfanin gona.

## Manazarta
Asusun asara da kuma lalacewa

**Asusun asarar da lalacewa** shine tsarin kudi na yanayi wanda aka kirkira a lokacin Taron Jam'iyyun 27 (COP) , wanda aka gudanar a Masar a shekarar 2022. An tsara asusun ne don magance asarar da lalacewa, don tallafawa al'ummomi lokacin da dabarun daidaitawa ba su isa ba ko kuma an aiwatar da su da wuri, kuma lalacewa da haɗari sun riga sun faru. : 63 

## Bayyanawa
Wannan yarjejeniya ce tsakanin kasashe don kafa asusun asarar da lalacewa na kasashe da yawa don tallafawa al'ummomi wajen hanawa, ragewa, da magance lalacewa da haɗari, : 63 bayan shekaru talatin na tattaunawa game da asarar da lahani da canjin yanayi ya haifar. A ƙarshe, Taron Kasashe na 27 (COP) ya karɓi shawarar da Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage ya tsara. Wannan asusun zai kasance don tallafawa kasashe masu talauci don asarar da lalacewar da canjin yanayi ya haifar. Jam'iyyun sun amince da amfani da Cibiyar sadarwa ta Santiago, wanda aka kafa a COP25,  don samar da taimakon fasaha wajen hanawa, ragewa, da magance asarar da lalacewa.  Asusun zai yi aiki a matsayin tsarin kudi na Yarjejeniyar Paris. A lokacin COP29 a Baku, an ba da sanarwar cewa asusun yana shirye don karɓar gudummawa, kuma zai fara ba da kuɗi ga ayyukan a cikin 2025. 

A abubuwan da suka faru a COP da suka gabata, kasashe masu masana'antu sun toshe yunkurin kasashe masu karamin karfi da matsakaicin kudin da ke neman tallafin kudi tare da shirye-shiryen daidaita yanayin su. A COP26 a Glasgow, Scotland ta zama ƙasar Arewa ta farko da ta yi alkawarin kudade na biyu musamman don asarar da lalacewa. A cikin shekara mai zuwa, a COP27, an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tallafawa kasashe don asarar da lalacewa daga canjin yanayi, kuma mutane da yawa sun ga hakan a matsayin babban ci gaba.

A watan Maris na shekara ta 2025, gwamnatin shugaban Amurka Donald Trump ta janye wakilan kasar daga Asusun Asusun Asarar da Lalacewar.

## Manazarta
Majalisar Ɗaliban Afirka ta Kudu

**Majalisar Ɗaliban Afirka ta Kudu** ( **COSAS** ) ƙungiya ce ta ɗalibai masu adawa da nuna wariyar launin fata da aka kafa a shekarar 1979 bayan tashin hankalin Soweto na ranar 16 ga watan Yuni a shekarar 1976 a Afirka ta Kudu.

## Tarihi
An kafa COSAS a watan Yuni 1979 bayan da aka dakatar da ƙungiyar ɗalibai ta Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1977. Ta shirya tsara ɗaliban baƙaƙen fata a makarantun sakandare, dare, fasaha da makarantun horar da malamai da kwalejojin wasiƙa.  Shugaba Oliver Tambo ne ya kafa COSAS daga gudun hijira kuma shugaban COSAS na farko shine Ephraim Mogale. A cikin shekaru biyun farko COSAS ta gudanar da kamfen na tunawa guda biyu waɗanda hukumomi ke ganin suna goyon bayan Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta 1979: ratayewar 1979 na uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) guerrilla Solomon Mahlangu da kuma cika shekaru ɗari na nasarar Zulu kan sojojin Burtaniya a Isandhlwana.

A cikin shekarar 1982, COSAS ta ɗauki taken "Ayyukan Ma'aikata-Ɗalibai" tare da haɓaka kafa taron majalisar matasa don biyan buƙatun matasa ma'aikata da matasa marasa aikin yi.  Kungiyar ta ba da tallafi ga ma’aikata da ke yajin aiki da gwagwarmayar al’umma a kan batutuwan da suka haɗa da ƙaruwar sufuri, hawan haya da makamantansu.

A cikin shekarar 1983, COSAS ta yi marhabin da kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta United Democratic Front (UDF) kuma ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da tsarin UDF na yanki a duk lardunan. Ta ga UDF a matsayin wakiltar dandalin gama gari don yin gwagwarmaya don samun 'yanci da dimokuraɗiyya Afirka ta Kudu.

A cikin shekarun 1980, a ƙarƙashin tutar COSAS, ɗalibai sun aiwatar da dabarun juriya iri-iri kamar ƙauracewa yajin aiki. A Cradock, ɗaliban gabashin Cape daga makarantu bakwai sun ƙaurace wa sauya shekar Matthew Goniwe, malami kuma mai fafutukar yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata wanda jami'an tsaron  mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata suka kashe daga baya. Shugaban COSAS na yanzu shine Thabang Mokoena.  **COSAS** tana da manufar da aka bayyana na haɗin kai da wakilcin ɗaliban Afirka ta Kudu na matalauta da marasa galihu a "Mataki na Pre-Tertiary".  Taken **COSAS** shine "Kowane ya Koyar da Ɗaya". 

## Manazarta
Kudin yanayi a New Zealand

**[[Kudin yanayi]] a New Zealand** ya haɗa da cakuda kudade na cikin gida da na duniya don daidaita Canjin yanayi, ragewa da juriya.

## Gudummawar da aka ƙayyade a ƙasa
New Zealand jam'iyya ce ga Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi (UNFCCC) kuma ta sanya hannu kuma ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Paris . Gudummawar Gwamnatin New Zealand ta Kasa wanda aka fi sani da *Tuia te Waka a Kiwa* shine don rage hayakin gas zuwa ƙasa da 50% nan da shekara ta 2030.  

Ministan Canjin Yanayi na New Zealand, James Shaw ya bayyana a cikin 2021 cewa gwamnati tana saka hannun jari na rabin dala biliyan 1.3 na New Zealand a cikin kudaden kudi na yanayi don tallafawa maƙwabta da ke fama da yanayi. Wannan ya kasance wani ɓangare na Sanarwar Gaggawa ta Yanayi a New Zealand don magance matsalolin yanayi.

## Babban tallafin kuɗi
Babban tallafin kudi don tallafawa yanayi a New Zealand ya fito ne daga Aotearoa New Zealand a karkashin Ma'aikatar Muhalli. Shirin Canjin Yanayi na Aotearoa New Zealand ya yi alkawarin dala biliyan 1.3 don tallafawa yanayi tsakanin 2022 da 2025.  Gwamnati ta ba da sanarwar kirkirar Asusun Amincewa da Gaggawa na Yanayi tare da dala biliyan 4.5 don magance matsalolin yanayi ciki har da kudaden yanayi a kasar. 

Har ila yau, gwamnatin New Zealand ta ba da dala miliyan 200 ga kudade na yanayi na 2015 t0 2019.

## Manazarta
Ravenser Odd

Sunan Ravenser ya fito ne daga Tsohon Norse  ko 'Raven's Ear' yana nufin ɓacewar sandbank promontory, wanda magajin zamani yanzu aka sani da Spurn Point .  Count na Aumale ne ya kafa garin a tsakiyar karni na 13, kuma yana da gidaje sama da 100 da kasuwa mai tasowa a ranar 1 ga Afrilu 1299, lokacin da aka ba shi takardar shaidar gari. Garin yana da tashar jiragen ruwa, ɗakunan ajiya, kotu da kurkuku. Ya tattara kudade daga jiragen ruwa sama da 100 a shekara.

A cikin karni na 13 garin ya kasance mafi mahimmancin tashar jiragen ruwa fiye da Kingston a kan Hull har zuwa Humber, kuma ya aika da mambobi biyu zuwa Majalisar Model ta 1295 .  Yayin da yashi ya sauya garin ya kwashe. Sarkin ya ba su tashar jiragen ruwa, ya ba su kudade don gyara tashar jiragen ruwan da suka lalace, a cikin 1329, 1333, 1335, 1340, 1344, da 1347. Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekara ta 1346 ya tabbatar da lalacewar ambaliyar ruwa da ke gudana ya kasance mai tsanani sosai cewa kashi ɗaya bisa uku na mutanen garin ne kawai suka rage. Guguwa a cikin hunturu na 1356-57 ya mamaye garin gaba ɗaya, wanda ya haifar da watsi da shi, kuma guguwar  ko ambaliyar Saint Marcellus ta Janairu 1362 ta lalata shi sosai. Shafin yanzu yana cikin ruwa gaba ɗaya. A cikin 2022 ana bincika shafin daga Spurn Point, tare da fatan cewa har yanzu harsashin tushe na shinge da tashar jiragen ruwa za su kasance.

## Manazarta
Wariyar launin fata ta muhalli

Wariyar launin fata ta muhalli, wariyar launin fata, ko wariyar launin fata wani nau'i ne na wariyar launin fata wanda ke haifar da mummunan sakamako na muhalli kamar zubar da ruwa, ƙonawa, da zubar da sharar da ba ta dace ba wanda ke tasiri ga al'ummomin launi, cin zarafi mai mahimmanci. A kasashen duniya kuma, tana da alaka da tsattsauran ra'ayi, wanda ke dora nauyi a kan muhalli na hakar ma'adinai, hakar mai, da noman masana'antu a kan 'yan asali da kuma kasashe matalauta mafi yawan mazaunan launin fata.

Wariyar launin fata na muhalli shine rashin daidaituwar tasirin hatsarori na muhalli, gurɓataccen yanayi, da gurɓacewar muhalli da al'ummomin da aka ware ke fuskanta, da na mutane masu launi. Kabilanci, matsayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, da rashin adalci na muhalli suna tasiri kai tsaye ga waɗannan al'ummomin dangane da sakamakon lafiyarsu da kuma ingancin lafiyarsu. Ba a halicci al'ummomi daidai ba. A Amurka, ana ci gaba da gurɓata wasu al'ummomi yayin da gwamnati ba ta kula da su ba. A cewar Robert D. Bullard, uban adalci na muhalli, ka'idojin muhalli ba su amfanar da al'umma baki daya; mutane masu launi ('yan Afirka, Latinos, Asiyawa, Tsibirin Pacific, da ƴan asalin Amirkawa) ana cutar da su daidai gwargwado ta hanyar gubar masana'antu a cikin ayyukansu da yankunansu. A cikin wannan mahallin, fahimtar tsaka-tsakin kabilanci, matsayi na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, da rashin adalci na muhalli ta tarihinsa da kuma tasirin da bai dace ba shine mafari don jingina zuwa ga daidaitawar mafita ga adalcin muhalli ga kowane bangare na al'umma. Binciken tushen tarihi, tasirin wariyar launin fata, ayyukan gwamnati, yunƙurin tushe, da yuwuwar magunguna na iya zama ginshiƙi don magance wannan batu yadda ya kamata.

Martani ga wariyar launin fata na muhalli ya ba da gudummawa ga ƙungiyoyin adalci na muhalli, wanda ya haɓaka a Amurka da ƙasashen waje a cikin 1970s da 1980s. Wariyar launin fata na muhalli na iya yin illa ga ƙungiyoyin tsiraru ko kuma masu rinjaye, kamar yadda yake a Afirka ta Kudu inda wariyar launin fata ta yi illa ga muhalli ga Baƙar fata. A duk faɗin duniya, cinikin sharar gida yana da lahani ga yawancin ƙasashen duniya a cikin ƙasashe matalauta waɗanda mutane masu launin fata ke zaune. Har ila yau, ya shafi rashin lahani na musamman na ƙungiyoyin ƴan asalin ga gurɓacewar muhalli. Wariyar launin fata ta muhalli wani nau'i ne na wariyar launin fata na hukumomi, wanda ya haifar da zubar da sharar gida mara kyau a cikin al'ummomin launin fata a Rasha. Wariyar launin fata ta muhalli wani nau'i ne na rashin daidaituwa inda mutane a cikin al'ummomin masu launi da sauran al'ummomin da ba su da kuɗi suna fuskantar hadarin da bai dace ba na kamuwa da gurbatawa da yanayin kiwon lafiya.

## Manazarta
Kurkukun Polar bear

Gidan Gidan Gida na Polar Bear, wanda aka fi sani da Gidan Gishiri na Polar bear gini ne na musamman a Churchill, Manitoba, Kanada inda ake ware bears da ake la'akari da matsala ko haɗari har sai an sake su.

Kafin a kafa wurin, an harbe bears da aka dauka da haɗari. An kafa kurkukun ne a shekarar 1982. A cewar wani tushe, an halicce shi a cikin 1983, bayan wani mutum a kan titi ya yi wa wani beyar rauni. Gidan shine batun waka "Churchill Bear Jail" ta Salish Chief Victor A. Charlo . 

## Kula da dabbobi
Da farko, wurin yana da sel 20, wanda zai iya ɗaukar bears guda 16 da ƙungiyoyin iyali huɗu. Za a iya riƙe bears daga kwana biyu zuwa 30 - idan an kama bears akai-akai, ana iya tsawaita kalmar. Maganar ita ce fadada bauta zai haifar da haɗari ga bears don su kasance masu jinkirin kusanci garin. Ba a ciyar da bears a lokacin da aka tsare su. Tunda rayuwar bears ta halitta ta ƙunshi dogon lokaci na azumi, jikinsu sun dace da tafiya ba tare da abinci ba na dogon lokaci.&nbsp;

Ana kwantar da bears masu haɗari lokacin da aka kama su kuma ana nuna su da fenti mai haske a wuyan su. Kusa da hunturu, lokacin da kankara a cikin Hudson Bay ya saita, an saki bears. An sake kwantar da su kuma an kai su ta hanyar helikofta nesa da garin.

A shekara ta 2014, an kara kurkukun zuwa sel 28. Mazaunan Churchill har yanzu dole ne su yi hankali a waje, kamar yadda ake cewa kusan bears dubu ne ke ziyartar kewayen birnin a lokacin rani. Tare da kankara ya tafi, ba su iya farautar ganimarsu ta farko ba - hatimi - kuma, suna fama da yunwa, za su iya kusantar garin kuma su yi barazana ga mazauna.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Akwai alamun gargadi na "Polar Bear Alert" a bakin tekun Hudson Bay da Kogin Churchill,  kuma duk wanda ya ga wani beyar polar na iya kiran lambar waya da aka tsara, wanda wasu ma'aikatan Ma'aikatar albarkatun kasa za su fito don kama beyar.

## Manazarta
Polar Bear, Polar Bear), Menene Kuna Ji?

***Polar Bear, Polar Bear), Menene Kuna Ji?*** littafi ne na hotunan yara na 1991, wanda Bill Martin Jr. ya rubuta kuma Eric Carle ya kwatanta shi. Henry Holt da Kamfanin ne suka buga shi.

## Makirci
An tsara littafin ne don taimakawa yara su gano dabbobin daji (daga gidan zoo) da hayaniya da suke yi. Ya ƙunshi Beyar polar, zaki, Hippopotamus, flamingo, zebra, boa constrictor, giwa, damisa, zakara, walrus, Mai kula da gidan zoo da wasu yara.

Wannan littafi ne na aboki ga Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See? , wanda Carle da Martin suka buga a 1967,  maye gurbin launuka na rubutun da suka gabata da dabbobi na yau da kullun tare da sauti da dabbobi marasa yawa.

## Manazarta
Ma'aikatar Manufofin Yanayi da Ci gaban Green

**Ma'aikatar Manufofin Yanayi da Ci gaban Green** (Dutch: Ministerie van Klimaat en Groene Groei; KGG) ita ce ma'aikatun Dutch da ke da alhakin manufofin yanayi.

An cire ma'aikatar daga Ma'aikatun Harkokin Tattalin Arziki da Manufofin Yanayi a ranar 2 ga Yulin 2024, lokacin da aka shigar da majalisar Schoof ta dama. "Tattalin Arziki" an sauke shi a lokaci guda daga sunan wannan ma'aikatar. Yarjejeniyar hadin gwiwa ta haɗa da rage kasafin kuɗi ga ma'aikatan gwamnati, kuma an yanke shawarar cewa sabuwar ma'aikatar za ta kasance a cikin ginin ofishin da aka raba tare da Ma'aikatun Tattalin Arziki. Ayyukan ma'aikatar galibi sun dace da waɗanda Ministan Yanayi da Manufofin Makamashi, ministan da ba su da fayil.

Sophie Hermans na Jam'iyyar Jama'a don 'Yanci da Dimokuradiyya (VVD) ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Manufofin Yanayi da Ci gaban Green tun lokacin da aka kafa ta.

## Manazarta
Ambaliyar ruwa ta Afghanistan ta 2022

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2022, ambaliyar ruwa ta shafi sassa da yawa na Afghanistan, inda ta kashe mutane 429.  Daga baya aka ruwaito cewa mutane 182 sun mutu saboda ambaliyar ruwa a watan Agusta, da kuma mutane 40 a watan Yuli da 19 a watan Yuni. Daga Yuni zuwa Agusta, kamar yadda kasar ke murmurewa daga girgizar ƙasa a Lardin Khost, ambaliyar ruwa ta sake faɗuwa, ta kashe 19 a watan Yuni, 39 a watan Yuli, da wasu 182 a watan Agusta.

## Tasirin
Afghanistan ta fuskanci fari da Canjin yanayi, tare da karancin amfanin gona wanda ke haifar da karancin abinci. Wannan ya kara talauci wanda ya haifar da shekarun yaƙi, raguwar taimakon kasashen waje da kuma daskarewa da dukiya a kasashen waje bayan da Taliban ya dawo kuma Sojojin da Amurka ke jagoranta sun janye a watan Agusta.

### Mayu
Ambaliyar ruwa a watan Mayu ta kashe kusan mutane 400. Ruwan sama da ambaliyar ruwa sun kasance masu tsanani a lardunan Badghis, Faryab da Baghlan. Hassibullah Shekhani, shugaban sadarwa da bayanai a Hukumar Kula da Bala'o'i ta Kasa ta Afghanistan, ya ce an lalata gidaje 500 kuma an lalata wasu 2,000, an kashe dabbobi 300 kuma an lalata kimanin kadada 3,000 na amfanin gona. Ya kuma bayyana cewa Kwamitin Red Cross na Duniya yana taimakawa kuma jami'ai za su kusanci wasu kungiyoyin kasa da kasa don taimako.

### Yuni-Agusta
A watan Yuni, mutane 19 sun mutu saboda ambaliyar ruwa. An kashe wasu mutane 39 a watan Yuli. Ambaliyar ruwa a watan Agusta ta kashe akalla mutane 182 . Fiye da gidaje 3,000 sun lalace ko lalace saboda ambaliyar.

## Manazarta