Leonid Kuchma

**Leonid Danylovych Kuchma** [ b ] ( Ukrainian  ,  ; an haife shi a ranar 9 ga Agusta 1938) ɗan siyasa ne na Ukraine wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Ukraine na biyu daga 19 ga Yuli 1994 zuwa 23 ga Janairu 2005.  Shugaban Ukraine tilo da ya yi wa'adi biyu, shugabancinsa ya kasance mai cike da kwanciyar hankali a fannin tattalin arziki da kuma inganta dangantakar Rasha da Ukraine, amma a lokaci guda ya kasance tare da koma bayan dimokuradiyya da kuma ci gaban tasirin 'yan mulkin mallaka na Ukraine, da kuma wasu badakaloli da dama.

Bayan ya yi nasara a fannin gina injina na Tarayyar Soviet, Kuchma ya fara aikinsa na siyasa a shekarar 1990, lokacin da aka zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗan majalisar dokokin Ukraine ( Verkhovna Rada ); an sake zaɓensa a shekarar 1994. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na Ukraine tsakanin Oktoba 1992 da Satumba 1993. Kuchma ya karɓi mulki bayan ya lashe zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 1994 a kan abokin hamayyarsa, shugaban ƙasa mai ci Leonid Kravchuk . Kuchma ya sake lashe zaɓe na ƙarin wa'adi na shekaru biyar a 1999. Cin hanci da rashawa ya ƙaru bayan zaɓen Kuchma a 1994, amma a tsakanin 2000-2001, ikonsa ya fara raguwa a fuskar fallasa a kafofin watsa labarai. 

Gwamnatin Kuchma ta fara kamfen na takunkumin kafofin watsa labarai a shekarar 1999, wanda ya haifar da kama 'yan jarida, mutuwar Georgiy Gongadze, da kuma abin kunya na Cassette da kuma zanga-zangar jama'a . [1] Tattalin arzikin Ukraine ya ci gaba da raguwa har zuwa 1999, yayin da aka sami ci gaba tun daga 2000, wanda ya kawo wadata ga wasu sassan mazauna birane. A lokacin shugabancinsa, dangantakar Ukraine da Rasha ta fara inganta. [2] Kuchma ya ki neman wa'adi na uku a kan mulki, maimakon haka ya goyi bayan dan takarar Jam'iyyar Yankuna Viktor Yanukovych a zaben 2004. Bayan zanga-zangar jama'a kan zargin magudin zabe wanda ya rikide zuwa juyin juya halin Orange, Kuchma ya dauki matsaya tsakani kuma ya kasance mai shiga tsakani tsakanin Viktor Yushchenko da Viktor Yanukovych. Tsakanin 2014 da 2020, Kuchma ya kasance wakilin shugaban kasa na musamman na Ukraine a tattaunawar zaman lafiya game da yakin Donbas .

Gadon Kuchma ya zama abin cece-kuce, kuma majiyoyi daban-daban sun bayyana shi a matsayin mai mulkin kama-karya . Cin hanci da rashawa da kuma takunkumin kafofin watsa labarai a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Kuchma suna ci gaba da yin tasiri ga Ukraine a yau, kuma ana zarginsa da haɓaka mulkin kama-karya .

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Leonid Danylovych Kuchma a ƙauyen Chaikyne da ke yankin karkara na Chernihiv a ranar 9 ga Agusta, 1938.  Mahaifinsa, Danylo Prokopovych Kuchma (1901–1942) ya ji rauni a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu kuma daga ƙarshe ya mutu sakamakon raunukan da ya samu a asibitin filin wasa #756 (kusa da ƙauyen Novoselytsia) lokacin Leonid yana ɗan shekara huɗu.   Mahaifiyarsa Paraska Trokhymivna Kuchma tana aiki a kan kolkhoz . 

Kuchma ya halarci makarantar koyar da manyan makarantu ta Kostobobriv da ke makwabtaka da Semenivka Raion . Daga baya ya shiga Jami'ar Ƙasa ta Dnipropetrovsk kuma ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1960 da digiri a fannin injiniyan injiniya (babban injiniyan sararin samaniya ), daga ƙarshe ya zama ɗan takarar kimiyyar fasaha .  A shekarar 1960 ya shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Tarayyar Soviet . 

## Aiki kafin shugabancin ƙasa
Bayan kammala karatunsa, Kuchma ya yi aiki a fannin injiniyan sararin samaniya a Ofishin Zane na Yuzhnoye da ke Dnipropetrovsk . Yana da shekaru 28 ya zama darektan gwaji na Ofishin da aka tura a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Baikonur .

Wasu masu lura da harkokin siyasa sun nuna cewa farkon rayuwar Kuchma ta samu ƙaruwa sosai sakamakon aurensa da Lyudmyla Talalayeva, 'yar da Gennadiy Tumanov ya ɗauka, babban jami'in injiniya na Yuzhmash kuma daga baya Ministan Gina Injin Tsakiya na Tarayyar Soviet.  

A lokacin da yake da shekaru 38, Kuchma ya zama shugaban jam'iyyar Kwaminis a Yuzhny Machine-building Plant kuma memba na Kwamitin Tsakiya na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Ukraine . Ya kasance wakili na Majalisar Dokoki ta 27 da 28 na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Tarayyar Soviet. A ƙarshen shekarun 1980, Kuchma ya yi suka ga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis a fili. 

### Manazarta