Mae West

**Mary Jane** " **Mae** " **West** (Agusta 17, 1893 - Nuwamba 22, 1980) yar wasan kwaikwayo Ba'amurke ce, mawaƙa, ɗan wasan barkwanci, marubucin allo, kuma marubucin wasan kwaikwayo wanda aikinsa ya kwashe sama da shekaru saba'in.  An yi la'akari da alamar jima'i, an san ta da 'yancin kai na jima'i da kuma ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwaƙƙwaro waɗanda galibi ana isar da su cikin murya mai ƙarfi.  Ta kasance mai aiki a vaudeville da kan mataki a birnin New York kafin ta koma Los Angeles don fara aiki a masana'antar fim .

Yamma ta kasance daya daga cikin fitattun jaruman fina-finan zamaninta; ta fuskanci matsaloli musamman wajen tantancewa. Ta taɓa yin murmushi, "Na yi imani da zazzagewa. Na yi arziki daga ciki."   Ta buge tsarin studio ta hanyar yin wasan ban dariya daga imani na al'ada, kuma masu sauraro na zamanin Bacin rai sun yaba mata da hakan. Lokacin da aikinta na fim ya ƙare, ta rubuta littattafai da wasan kwaikwayo, ta ci gaba da yin wasan kwaikwayo a Las Vegas da London da rediyo da talabijin, kuma ta yi rikodin kundi na rock da nadi . A cikin 1999, Cibiyar Fina-finai ta Amurka ta zaɓe ta a matsayin ta 15 mafi girma a fina-finan fina-finan Amurka .

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Mary Jane West a ko dai yankin Greenpoint ko Bushwick na Brooklyn a ranar 17 ga Agusta, 1893, kafin a hade birnin New York .   Goggo ce ungozoma ta haihu a gida .  Ita ce ɗan fari mai rai na Mathilde Delker (asalin "Doelger" kuma daga baya Amurkawa zuwa "Delker" ko "Dilker") Yamma, ƙirar corset da salon salo,  da John Patrick "Battlin' Jack" West,    mai bayar da kyauta wanda daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin "dansanda na musamman" kuma ya kirkiro hukumar binciken kansa.  Mahaifiyarta haifaffen Jamus, wacce aka yi wa lakabi da "Tillie" da "Matilda", ta yi hijira daga Bavaria a 1886 tare da 'yan uwanta biyar da iyayensu, Christiana (née Brüning) da Jakob Doelger.  Kakar mahaifinta wacce bayan ta suna, Mary Jane (née Copley), 'yar asalin Irish ce.  Kakan mahaifinta, John Edwin West, dan asalin Ingilishi ne kuma dan Scotland ne.  

Iyayen West sun yi aure a Brooklyn a ranar 18 ga Janairu, 1889, don jin daɗin iyayen ango da rashin jin daɗin amarya, kuma sun rene 'ya'yansu a matsayin Furotesta.    Babbar 'yar uwarta, Katie, ta mutu tun tana karama. 'Yan uwanta da suka rage sune 'yar'uwa mai suna Mildred Katherine "Beverly" West da ɗan'uwa mai suna John Edwin West II (wani lokaci ba a kira shi "John Edwin West, Jr.").  A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, dangin sun ƙaura zuwa sassa daban-daban na Woodhaven, Queens, da kuma yankunan Williamsburg da Greenpoint na Brooklyn. A Neir's Social Hall da ke Woodhaven, Yamma ya fara yin sana'a.  

## Sana'a

### Farkon aikin mataki

West tana da shekaru biyar a lokacin da ta fara nishadantar da taron jama'a a wani taron coci, kuma ta fara fitowa a wasan kwaikwayon mai son tun tana shekara bakwai. Ta sha samun kyautuka a gasar gwanintar gida.  Ta fara yin sana'a a vaudeville a cikin Hal Clarendon Stock Company a 1907 tana da shekara 14.  Lokacin yana ƙarami, West ta fara yin wasan a ƙarƙashin sunan matakin "Baby Mae" ( *jaririn na iya yin haka* ),  kuma daga baya an gwada wasu mutane daban-daban, ciki har da namiji mai kwaikwayo . 

Ta yi amfani da sunan "Jane Mast" a farkon aikinta. Tafiya ta alamar kasuwanci an ce an yi wahayi ko kuma tasiri daga masu kwaikwayar mata Bert Savoy da Julian Eltinge, waɗanda suka shahara a lokacin Pansy Craze .   Fitowarta ta farko a cikin nunin Broadway, tana da shekaru 18, ta kasance a cikin revue na 1911 *A La Broadway* wanda tsohon malaminta na rawa, Ned Wayburn ya saka. Nunin ya ninka bayan wasanni takwas,  amma an gano West kuma an ware shi don yabo ta wani mai bita *[[New York Times|na New York Times]]*,  wanda ya rubuta cewa "yarinya mai suna Mae West, wanda har yanzu ba a sani ba, ta gamsu da yadda ta grotesquerie da snappy hanyar waka da rawa". Yamma na gaba ya bayyana a cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo mai suna *Vera Violetta*, wanda simintinsa ya nuna Al Jolson . A cikin 1912, ta bayyana a cikin buɗe wasan *A Winsome Widow* a matsayin "baby vamp" mai suna La Petite Daffy. 

Yamma ta haɓaka aikinta a vaudeville, tana fitowa a cikin irin waɗannan da'irori (ko "wheels") kamar yadda Gus Sun na Ohio ke gudanarwa, wanda aka ɗauka kasan ganga amma ya ba ta gogewa.  Mahaifiyarta ce ta ƙarfafa ta a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo, wanda, a cewar West, koyaushe yana tunanin cewa duk wani abu da Mae ta yi yana da kyau.  Sauran ’yan uwa ba su da kwarin gwiwa, ciki har da inna da kakarta ta uba. Dukkansu an ruwaito cewa sun ki amincewa da aikinta da zabin da ta yi.  A cikin 1918, bayan fita daga manyan bayanan martaba da yawa, West a ƙarshe ta sami hutu a cikin Shubert Brothers revue *Wani lokaci*, gaban Ed Wynn .  Halinta Mayme ta yi rawan shimmy  kuma hotonta ya bayyana a cikin bugu na waƙar takarda don shahararriyar lamba "Ev'rybody Shimmies Now".

### Broadway stardom da kurkuku
Daga ƙarshe, West ta fara rubuta nata wasan kwaikwayo na risqué ta amfani da sunan alkalami Jane Mast.  Tauraruwarta ta farko akan Broadway ta kasance a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na 1926 mai suna *Jima'i*, wanda ta rubuta, samarwa, kuma ta ba da umarni. Ko da yake masu sukar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya sun mamaye wasan kwaikwayon, tallace-tallacen tikitin ya yi ƙarfi. Shirye-shiryen bai yi wa jami’an birnin dadi ba, wadanda suka samu korafe-korafe daga wasu kungiyoyin addini, inda aka kai farmaki gidan wasan kwaikwayo, aka kama yamma tare da ’yan fim.  An kai ta zuwa Gidan Kotun Kasuwancin Jefferson (yanzu Jefferson Market Library ), inda aka gurfanar da ita a kan laifukan ɗabi'a, kuma a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 1927, an yanke mata hukuncin kwanaki 10 don "lalata ɗabi'un matasa". Ko da yake West na iya biyan tara kuma an bar ta, ta zaɓi hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku don tallan da za ta samu.  Yayin da ake tsare da shi a tsibirin Welfare (yanzu da ake kira Roosevelt Island ), ta ci abinci tare da mai kula da shi da matarsa; Ta shaida wa manema labarai cewa ta sanya wandonta na alharini ne a lokacin da take bata lokaci, maimakon “burbushin” da sauran ‘yan matan ke sanyawa. West ya sami babban nisan mil daga wannan zaman gidan yari.  Ta yi kwana takwas tare da hutun kwana biyu don "kyakkyawan hali". Bayan sakin ta, West ta shaida wa manema labarai cewa wasan kwaikwayon nata "aikin fasaha ne".  Hankalin kafafen yada labarai game da lamarin ya kara inganta sana'arta, ta hanyar ba ta rawanin "muguwar yarinya" wacce "ta hau kan tsaunin nasara bisa kuskure". 

Wasan ta na gaba, *The Drag*, ya yi magana da liwadi, kuma shine abin da West ya kira ɗaya daga cikin "wasan kwaikwayo-wasan kwaikwayo na rayuwa".  Bayan jerin gwaje-gwaje a Connecticut da New Jersey, West ta sanar da cewa za ta bude wasan a New York.  Koyaya, *Jawo* bai taɓa buɗewa akan Broadway ba, saboda ƙoƙarin da New York Society ta yi don murkushe mataimakinsa na hana duk wani yunƙuri na Yamma na ƙaddamar da shi. West ya bayyana cewa, "Ubanninsu na birni sun roke ni da kada in kawo wasan kwaikwayo a New York saboda ba su da kayan aiki don magance hargitsin da zai haifar."  Yamma ta kasance farkon mai goyon bayan yunkurin 'yantar da mata, amma ta ce ita ba "kona rigar rigar mama" ba ce ta mata . Tun daga shekarun 1920, ita ma ta kasance farkon mai goyon bayan 'yancin 'yan luwadi, kuma ta fito fili ta ayyana adawa da zaluncin 'yan sanda da mazan luwadi suka fuskanta. Ta dauki wani bayani na zamani na “zamani” na tunanin cewa mazan luwadi ruhin mata ne a jikin maza, kuma bugun dan luwadi daidai yake da bugun mace.  A cikin tarihin tarihin rayuwarta na 1959 *Goodness Ba Shi da Komai Da Shi*, wani abin tunawa da marubuci Stephen Longstreet ya tattara, Yamma yana adawa da munafunci yayin da kuma ya raina liwadi:

Wannan hangen nesa, wanda West bai taɓa yin bayani ba a cikin wasu littattafai ko tambayoyi, yana da alama bai dace da Mae West persona ba, don a cikin littafinta na 1975 *Mae West: Jima'i, Lafiya, da ESP*, rubuta:Tsakanin ƙarshen 1920s da farkon 1930s, Yamma ya ci gaba da rubuta wasan kwaikwayo, ciki har da *[[The Wicked Age|Mugun zamanin]]*, *Mutumin jin daɗi*, da *[[The Constant Sinner|Mai zunubi Mai Iko]]* . Shirye-shiryenta na iya haifar da cece-kuce, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa ta ci gaba da zama a cikin labarai kuma sau da yawa yakan haifar da cunkoson gidaje a wasanninta.  Ta 1928 wasa *Diamond Lil*, labari game da wani racy, mai saukin kai, da kuma kyakkyawan mace mai hankali na 1890s, ya zama Broadway buga da kuma tabbatar da West ta image a cikin jama'a ido.  Wannan wasan kwaikwayon ya sami shaharar dawwama kuma Yamma ta sami nasarar farfado da shi sau da yawa a duk tsawon rayuwarta. 

Shekaru uku bayan nasarar farko na *Diamond Lil*, West ya nuna wani hali na jima'i, Babe Gordon, a cikin *The Constant Sinner*, wanda ya bude a Broadway a Royale Theater a ranar Satumba 14, 1931.  Mawallafin wasan kwaikwayo mai tasiri ga *The New York Times*, J. Brooks Atkinson, yana cikin masu dubawa da yawa a lokacin da suka yi watsi da labarun wasan kwaikwayon da kuma wasan kwaikwayon West.  Atkinson's "scathing"  kimanta aikinta uku an buga shi a cikin *The Times* kwana daya bayan wasan kwaikwayo na farko:Sauran mashahuran masu sharhi a cikin 1931, kamar Atkinson, sun soki matakin wasan kwaikwayon, suna kiransa "wasan kwaikwayo mara kyau", "da gangan", da kuma lakabi West kanta a matsayin "mawallafin wasan kwaikwayo".  Daga ƙarshe, an rufe wasan dalla-dalla akan Broadway bayan makonni takwas kawai da wasanni 64.  Lokacin da aka kwatanta da *Diamond Lil*, wanda ya gudana tsawon watanni tara tare da wasan kwaikwayo na 323, *The Constant Sinner* ya kasance mai mahimmanci, kudi, kuma da kansa ya zama abin takaici ga Yamma.   Duk da haka, sanannen sa har ma da ra'ayoyinsa marasa kyau sun ƙara haɓaka kimarta a cikin jama'a a matsayin jarumar jajirtacciya, mai ban sha'awa da kuma kawo mata ƙarin hankalin kafofin watsa labarai. A lokacin, a cikin watanni bayan an rufe wasan, West ta yanke shawarar dakatar da aikinta na wasan kwaikwayo kuma ta yarda da ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma mai riba, tayin kwangila daga Paramount Pictures don yin a cikin wani fim mai mahimmanci a Hollywood. 

### Hotunan motsi da tantancewa

A cikin Yuni 1932, bayan sanya hannu kan kwangilar watanni biyu tare da Paramount wanda ya ba ta albashi na mako-mako na $5,000 ($ 110,000 a 2023), West ta bar New York ta jirgin kasa zuwa California. [1] Tsohuwar jarumar a lokacin tana kusan shekara 40, wacce ba a saba ganinta ba ta fara harkar fim, musamman mata, duk da cewa Paramount ba ta taba yin ko kadan ba ta yi niyyar jefa ta a matsayin jaruma . Amma duk da haka ta yi nasarar kiyaye shekarunta a shakku na wani lokaci. Ta yi fim ɗinta na farko a cikin rawar Maudie Triplett a cikin Night After Night (1932) tare da George Raft, wanda ya ba da shawarar Yamma ga ɓangaren. [1] Ba ta son ƙaramar rawar da take takawa a wasan kwaikwayo da farko, amma ta ji daɗi lokacin da aka ba ta damar sake rubuta wasu sassan tattaunawar halinta. [2] Ɗaya daga cikin gyare-gyare da yawa da ta yi shi ne a farkon abin da ya faru a cikin Dare Bayan Dare, lokacin da yarinya mai hat-check ta ce, "Nagarta, menene kyawawan lu'u-lu'u", kuma Yamma ta amsa, "Kyakkyawa ba shi da dangantaka da shi, masoyi." [3] Da yake yin la'akari da sakamakon gaba ɗaya na abubuwan da aka sake rubutawa, Raft an ruwaito yana cewa, "Ta saci komai sai kyamarori." [

Ga matsayinta na gaba na Paramount, West ta kawo halayenta *na Diamond Lil*, wanda yanzu aka sake masa suna "Lady Lou", zuwa allo a cikin *She Done Him Wrong* (1933).  Fim ɗin yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukan Cary Grant na farko, wanda ya haɓaka aikinsa. West ta yi iƙirarin cewa ta hango Grant a ɗakin studio kuma ta dage cewa a jefa shi a matsayin jagorar namiji.  Ta yi iƙirarin cewa ta gaya wa babban darakta, "Idan zai iya magana, zan ɗauke shi!" Fim ɗin ya kasance ofishin akwatin buga kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta Academy Award don Mafi kyawun Hoto .   Nasarar fim din ya ceci Paramount daga fatara, inda ya samu sama da dala miliyan biyu, kwatankwacin dala miliyan 46 a shekarar 2023. Paramount ya gane wannan bashin godiya a yau, tare da gini akan kuri'a mai suna West. 

Sakinta na gaba, *Ni Ba Mala'ika bane* (1933), ya sake haɗa ta da Grant. Fim ɗin kuma ya kasance mafi shahara a cikin akwatin ofishin kuma ya kasance mafi nasara a duk ayyukanta na allo. A cikin watanni bayan da aka saki, ana iya samun nassoshi zuwa yamma kusan ko'ina, daga waƙoƙin waƙoƙin Cole Porter, zuwa ga Cibiyar Ci gaban Ayyukan Ayyuka (WPA) na sabon ginin Coit Tower na San Francisco, zuwa *Ta Yi Shi Dama*, Pooch da Pup cartoon, zuwa *My Dress Hangs A can*, zanen da ɗan wasan Mexican Frida Kahlo ya yi. Mijin Kahlo, Diego Rivera, ya biya nasa haraji: "Yamma shine mafi kyawun na'ura don rayuwa da na taɓa sani - rashin sa'a akan allon kawai." Zuwa F. Scott Fitzgerald, Yamma ya kasance na musamman: "'Yan wasan kwaikwayo na Hollywood kawai da ke da ban mamaki da kuma mai ban dariya." Kamar yadda *Variety* ya ce, "Fina-finan Mae West sun sanya ta zama babbar mai tsokanar tattaunawa, mai neman sararin samaniya, da fare a duk fadin kasar. Tana da zafi sosai kamar Hitler." 

A shekara ta 1933, Yamma ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan akwatin ofishin da aka zana a Amurka  kuma, ta 1935, ita ma ta kasance mace mafi girma da ake biya kuma ta biyu mafi girma a Amurka (bayan William Randolph Hearst ).  Hearst ya gayyaci Yamma zuwa Hearst Castle, babban gidansa a San Simeon, California, inda mashahuran Hollywood da fitattun 'yan siyasa da na kasuwanci suka taru akai-akai don yin cudanya da juna. "Ba zan iya aure shi ba," in ji West daga baya, "amma ba ni da lokaci don bukukuwa. Ba na son wannan babban taron." A ranar 1 ga Yuli, 1934, an fara aiwatar da ka'idojin tace fina-finai na Code Production Code . Sakamakon haka, rubutun Yamma sun sami ƙarin gyara. Ita kuma, ta kan sanya layukan da ba su dace ba da gangan a cikin rubutunta, da sanin masu tace bayanai za su yanke su. Ta yi fatan a lokacin ba za su yi adawa da sauran layukanta marasa hankali ba. Fim ɗinta na gaba shine *Belle na Nineties* (1934). Sunan asali, *Ba Zunubi ba*, an canza shi saboda ƙin yarda da masu tace labarai.  Duk da ƙin yarda na farko na Paramount game da farashi, West ta dage cewa ɗakin studio ya ɗauki Duke Ellington da ƙungiyar makaɗarsa don raka ta cikin lambobin kiɗan fim ɗin. Haɗin gwiwarsu ya yi nasara; An gabatar da classic "My Old Flame" (wanda Duke Ellington ya rubuta) a cikin wannan fim. Fim ɗinta na gaba, *Goin' to Town* (1935), ya sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban, yayin da ake ci gaba da yin ta'addanci ta hanyar hana West daga haɗa mafi kyawun layinta. 

Ƙoƙarin da ta biyo baya, *Klondike Annie* (1936), ya yi magana, kamar yadda zai iya ba da babban ra'ayi, tare da addini da munafunci.  Wasu masu sukar sun kira fim din ta magnum opus, amma ba kowa ya yarda ba. Dan jarida baron da mai shirya fina-finai William Randolph Hearst, wanda a zahiri ya fusata da wani furuci da West ya yi game da uwarsa, Marion Davies, ya aika da bayanin sirri ga duk editocinsa yana mai cewa, "Wannan hoton Mae West *Klondike Annie* hoto ne mai ƙazanta ... Ya kamata mu sami editocin da ke gasa wannan hoton, Mae West, da Paramount… KAR KU YARDA DA WATA TALLA NA WANNAN HOTO." A wani lokaci, Hearst ya yi tambaya da babbar murya, "Shin ba lokaci ba ne Majalisa ta yi wani abu game da barazanar Mae West?" Manyan jami'an zartarwa sun ji cewa dole ne su rage halayen Yamma ko kuma su fuskanci ƙarin zargi. "Ni ce mace ta farko da aka 'yanta, ka sani, babu wani saurayi da zai fi dacewa da ni. Abin da na rubuta duka rubutuna ke nan." 

Kusan lokaci guda, Yamma ta taka leda a gaban Randolph Scott a *Go West, Young Man* (1936). A cikin wannan fim ɗin, ta daidaita Lawrence Riley 's Broadway buga *Sirri* a cikin wasan kwaikwayo.   Henry Hathaway ya ba da umarni, *Go West, Matashi* ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin fina-finai marasa ƙarfi na Yamma na zamanin, saboda yankewar censor. 

Yamma ta gaba ta yi tauraro a cikin *Duk Rana ta Holiday* (1937) don Paramount kafin ƙungiyar su ta ƙare. Fim din yayi kasa da burinsa. Cece-kuce ya sanya alamar ban dariya mai ban sha'awa ta Yamma ba zai yiwu a rarraba ɗakunan studio ba. Yamma, tare da sauran ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ’yan wasan da Harry Brandt ya sanya wa suna " Poison Box " na Harry Brandt a madadin Ƙungiyar Masu Gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kanta. Sauran a cikin jerin sune Greta Garbo, Joan Crawford, Marlene Dietrich, Fred Astaire, Dolores del Río, Katharine Hepburn da Kay Francis . An buga harin a matsayin tallace-tallacen da aka biya a cikin *Hollywood Reporter*, kuma masu kula da ɗakin studio sun dauki shi da mahimmanci. Kungiyar ta yi nuni da cewa irin albashin da wadannan taurarin ke karba da kuma tsantsar farin jinin jama’a ba su yi tasiri a kan sayar da tikitin da suke yi ba, don haka ya cutar da masu baje kolin. Wannan bai dakatar da mai gabatarwa David O. Selznick, wanda na gaba ya ba wa West rawar da Sage madam Belle Watling, mace daya tilo da ta taba fahimtar Rhett Butler da gaske, a cikin *Gone tare da iska*, bayan Tallulah Bankhead ya ƙi rawar. Ita ma West ta ki amincewa da bangaren, tana mai cewa ta yi kankanta ga tauraro mai inganci kuma za ta bukaci ta sake rubuta layinta don dacewa da nata. Rawar daga ƙarshe ta tafi Ona Munson . 

A cikin 1939, Universal Studios sun kusanci Yamma don tauraro a cikin wani fim da ke gaban WC Fields. Gidan studio ya yi marmarin yin kwafin nasarar *Destry Rides Again* tare da Marlene Dietrich da James Stewart, tare da motar wasan ban dariya da ke nuna West da Fields.  Bayan barin Paramount watanni 18 a baya kuma yana neman sabon fim, West ta karɓi rawar Flower Belle Lee a cikin fim ɗin *My Little Chickadee* (1940).   Duk da tsananin rashin son juna na taurari, ainihin matsalolin shaye-shaye na Fields  da kuma faɗa a kan wasan kwaikwayo,  *My Little Chickadee* ya kasance ofishin akwatin buga, fim ɗin da ya gabata Fields, *Ba za ku iya yaudarar Mutum Mai Gaskiya ba* (1939) kuma daga baya *The Bank Dick* (1940). Duk da haka, shugabannin addini sun la'anci Yamma a matsayin abin koyi mara kyau, suna cin zarafi a layi kamar "Lokacin da aka kama ni tsakanin mugayen abubuwa guda biyu, gabaɗaya ina so in ɗauki wanda ban taɓa gwadawa ba". 

Fim na gaba na yamma shine Columbia Pictures ' *The Heat's On* (1943). Da farko, ba ta son yin fim ɗin, amma bayan ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, darekta kuma abokinsa Gregory Ratoff (producer Max Fabian in *All About Eve* ) ya roƙe ta kuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa zai yi fatara idan ba za ta iya taimakawa ba, West ta sake komawa a matsayin wani tallafi na sirri. .  Masu tace bayanai sun rage girman jima'i na halayen yamma. Gidan studio ɗin yana da umarni don ɗaga layin wuyan wuyansa da tsaftace abubuwan da aka haɗa biyu. Wannan shi ne kawai fim ɗin da kusan ba a yarda West ta rubuta nata tattaunawa ba kuma, a sakamakon haka, fim ɗin ya sha wahala.

Wataƙila mafi mahimmanci, ƙalubalen da ke ci gaba da fuskantar Yammacin Turai a cikin aikinta shine tauye tattaunawar ta. Kamar yadda yake a Broadway shekaru goma da suka gabata, zuwa tsakiyar 1930s ba za a iya barin risqué da ribald tattaunawa ba. *The Heat's On* yana buɗewa ga mara kyau sake dubawa da raunin aiki a ofishin akwatin. Yamma ta kasance cikin damuwa bayan gogewar da kuma shekarunta na gwagwarmaya tare da tsauraran ofishi na Hays Code, cewa ba za ta yi ƙoƙarin yin wani aikin fim na ƙarni na gaba ba.  Maimakon haka, West ya bi aikin nasara da rikodin rikodi a cikin manyan wuraren shakatawa na dare, Las Vegas, a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma Broadway, inda aka ba ta izini, har ma da maraba, ta zama kanta.

### Rediyo da tantancewa
A ranar 12 ga Disamba, 1937, West ya bayyana a cikin zane-zane guda biyu daban-daban akan gidan rediyon ventriloquist Edgar Bergen na *The Chase da Sanborn Hour* .  Bayyana a matsayin kanta, West flirted tare da Charlie McCarthy, Bergen's dummy, ta yin amfani da ta saba iri na Wit da risqué jima'i nassoshi. West ya kira Charlie a matsayin "dukkan itace da tsayin yadi" kuma yayi sharhi, "Charles, na tuna kwanan watanmu na ƙarshe, kuma ina da tsaga don tabbatar da shi!"  Yamma yana gab da dakatar da shi daga rediyo.

Mafi ban haushi har yanzu shi ne zanen NBC wanda Arch Oboler ya rubuta, wanda ke nuna Don Ameche da West a matsayin Adamu da Hauwa'u a cikin lambun Adnin . Ta gaya wa Ameche "ka samo mini babban... Ina jin kamar in yi babban apple!"  Wannan magana mai ƙima game da sha'awar raye-rayen da ake yi a lokacin tana ɗaya daga cikin masu shiga cikin tattaunawar. Kwanaki bayan watsa shirye-shiryen, ɗakin studio ya sami wasiƙun da ke kiran shirin "fasikanci" da "batsa".  Kungiyoyin mata masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da dama da kungiyoyin addini sun shawarci mai daukar nauyin wasan kwaikwayo, Chase amp; Sanborn Coffee Company, don "karuwa" da ayyukansu don barin "ƙazanta [don] mamaye iska". 

Under pressure, the Federal Communications Commission later deemed the broadcast "vulgar and indecent" and "far below even the minimum standard which should control in the selection and production of broadcast programs". Some debate existed regarding the reaction to the skit. Conservative religious groups took umbrage far more swiftly than the mainstream. These groups found it easy to make West their target. They took exception to her outspoken use of sexuality and sexual imagery, which she had employed in her career since at least the pre-Code films of the early 1930s and for decades before on Broadway, but which was now being broadcast into American living rooms on a popular family-friendly radio program. The groups reportedly warned the sponsor of the program they would protest her appearance.

Gidan Rediyon NBC ya yi wa Yammacin Duniya labarin lamarin tare da hana ta (da ambaton sunanta) daga tashoshinsu.  Yamma ba zai yi a cikin rediyo na tsawon shekaru goma sha biyu ba, har sai Janairu 1950, a cikin wani labari na *Chesterfield Supper Club*, wanda Perry Como ya shirya.  Ayyukan Ameche bai fuskanci wani mummunan sakamako ba, duk da haka, yayin da yake wasa da "madaidaicin" mutumin. Duk da haka, Mae West ya ci gaba da jin dadin nasarar rikodin rikodin a Las Vegas, swank nightclubs irin su Lou Walters's The Latin Quarter, Broadway, da London.

### Tsakanin shekaru

Bayan ya bayyana a cikin *The Heat's On* a cikin 1943, West ya koma aiki sosai akan mataki da kuma kulake. Daga cikin sabbin wasannin da ta shahara a fagen wasan kwaikwayo akwai rawar da ta taka a cikin *Catherine Was Great* (1944) a Broadway, inda ta rubuta wani labari game da labarin Catherine Babba ta Rasha, tare da kewaye kanta da "magajin sarki" na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo masu tsayi masu tsoka. .  An shirya wasan kwaikwayo ta gidan wasan kwaikwayo da fim impresario Mike Todd ( *Around The World in 80 Days* ) kuma ya gudana don wasanni 191 sannan ya tafi yawon shakatawa. 

Lokacin da Mae West ta sake farfado da wasanta na 1928 *Diamond Lil*, ta dawo da shi zuwa Broadway a cikin 1949, *The New York Times* ta lakafta ta "Cibiyar Amurka-kamar ƙaunatacciyar ƙauna da rashin lalacewa kamar Donald Duck. Kamar Chinatown, da Kabarin Grant, Mae West ya kamata a gani a akalla sau daya." A cikin 1950s, West ta yi tauraro a wasanta na wasan kwaikwayo na Las Vegas a sabon otal ɗin Sahara da aka buɗe, tana rera waƙa yayin da masu ginin jiki suka kewaye. Nunin ya tsaya Las Vegas a kansa. "Maza su zo su ganni, amma ni kuma na ba wa mata wani abin gani: bango ga bango maza!" West ya bayyana.  Jayne Mansfield ya sadu da shi kuma daga baya ya auri daya daga cikin tsofaffin tsoka na Yamma, tsohon Mr. Universe Mickey Hargitay . 

Lokacin da ake yin wasan kwaikwayo game da rawar Norma Desmond don fim ɗin 1950 *Sunset Boulevard*, Billy Wilder ya ba West rawar. Har yanzu tana da wayo daga ɓacin rai na *The Heat's On*, da ƙuntatawa da aka sanya akan halayenta, ta ƙi. Taken fim din Wilder, ta lura, ya kasance tsantsa pathos, yayin da tambarin wasan barkwanci ya kasance koyaushe "game da daukaka masu sauraro". Mae West yana da hali na ban dariya na musamman wanda ba shi da lokaci, kamar yadda Charlie Chaplin ya yi.  Bayan Mary Pickford ita ma ta ƙi rawar, an jefa Gloria Swanson . 

A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, West aka miƙa matsayin Vera Simpson, gaban Frank Sinatra, a cikin 1957 fim karbuwa na *Pal Joey*, wanda ta ƙi, tare da rawar da ke zuwa Rita Hayworth . A cikin 1964, West ya ba da gudummawar jagoranci a cikin *Roustabout*, wanda ke nuna Elvis Presley . Ta yi watsi da rawar, kuma an jefa Barbara Stanwyck a wurinta. An kuma tuntubi West don matsayi a cikin Federico Fellini 's *Juliet na Ruhohi* da *Satyricon*, amma sun ƙi duka tayin.

### Talabijin, da kuma tsararraki masu zuwa
A ranar 26 ga Maris, 1958, West ya bayyana a raye-rayen Academy Awards kuma ya yi waƙar " Baby, Yana Sanyi A Waje " tare da Rock Hudson, wanda ya sami karɓuwa.  A cikin 1959, ta fito da tarihin tarihin rayuwa, *Goodness Ba Shi da wani Abu da Ya Yi da shi*, wanda ya zama mafi kyawun siyarwa. Baƙi na Yamma sun yi tauraro a talabijin, gami da *[[The Dean Martin Variety Show]]* a cikin 1959 da *The Red Skelton Show* a 1960, don haɓaka tarihin rayuwarta, da doguwar hira kan *Mutum ga Mutum* tare da Charles Collingwood a 1959, wacce ba ta taɓa fitowa ba. Shugabannin CBS sun ji mambobin masu sauraron talabijin ba su shirye su ga wani mutum-mutumin marmara tsirara na Yamma ba, wanda ya tsaya kan piano dinta. A cikin 1964, ta yi baƙo fitowa a kan sitcom *Mister Ed* .  Da yawa daga baya, a cikin 1976, Dick Cavett ya yi hira da ita kuma ya rera waƙoƙi guda biyu akan "Back Lot USA" na musamman akan CBS.

### Aikin rikodi
Aikin rikodi na Yamma ya fara ne a farkon shekarun 1930 tare da fitar da wakokin fim dinta akan rikodin shellac 78 rpm . Yawancin wakokinta na fim an fitar da su a matsayin 78s, da kuma waƙar takarda. A cikin 1955, ta yi rikodin kundi na farko, *The Fabulous Mae West* . A cikin 1965, ta yi waƙa biyu, "Am I Too Young" da "Yana Kyau gare Ni", don rikodin 45 rpm da Plaza Records ya fitar. Ta yi rikodin waƙoƙin harshe da yawa, ciki har da "Santa, Ku Zo Ku Gani",  akan kundi *na Kirsimeti*,  wanda aka saki a cikin 1966 kuma aka sake fitar da shi azaman *Mae a cikin Disamba* a cikin 1980.  &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup> Nuna shirye-shiryenta na ci gaba da tuntuɓar yanayin zamani, a cikin 1966 ta yi rikodin ''Way Out West'', na farko na kundin waƙoƙinta guda biyu na rock-and-roll . Na biyu, wanda aka saki a cikin 1972 akan MGM Records kuma mai suna ''Great Balls of Fire'', an rufe waƙoƙin [[The Doors]], da sauransu, kuma yana da waƙoƙin da aka rubuta wa Yamma ta hanyar mawallafin mawallafin Ingilishi Ian Whitcomb .

=== Bayan shekaru ===
An yi amfani da kamannin Mae West a gaban murfin [[The Beatles|Beatles]] '1967 ''Sgt. Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙaƙwalwar Zuciya'' . Lokacin da aka tuntube ni don neman izini, da farko West ya ƙi ya tambaye ni, "Me zan yi a cikin Ƙungiyar Zuciya ta Lonely?" Ta canza ra'ayinta bayan ƙungiyar ta rubuta mata wasiƙa ta sirri suna bayyana kansu manyan masoyanta.  Bayan shekaru 27 ba tare da hotuna masu motsi ba, West ya bayyana a matsayin Leticia Van Allen a cikin Gore Vidal 's ''Myra Breckinridge'' (1970) tare da [[Raquel Welch]], Rex Reed, Farrah Fawcett, da Tom Selleck a cikin karamin sashi. An yi niyyar fim ɗin don zama mai ban dariya na canjin jima'i da gangan, amma yana da matsalolin samarwa da yawa, wanda ya haifar da fim ɗin botched wanda ya kasance duka ofishin akwatin da gazawa mai mahimmanci. Mawallafin Vidal, a cikin rashin fahimta da rashin kwarewa kuma mai suna "fim din fasaha" darektan Michael Sarne, daga baya ya kira fim din "mummunan wargi".  Ko da yake an bai wa Mae West lissafin tauraro don jawo hankalin masu siyan tikiti, editan fim ɗin da ba shi da gogewa ya katse wurarenta, kuma an yi fim ɗin waƙoƙinta kamar wasa ne kawai. Mae West's counterculture roko (an yi mata lakabi da "Sarauniyar sansanin"), ta haɗa da matasa da hip, kuma a shekara ta 1971, ƙungiyar dalibai na Jami'ar California, Los Angeles (UCLA) ta zabi Mae West "Mace na Ƙarni" a cikin girmamawa. na dacewarta a matsayinta na majagaba mai fafutukar faɗin gaskiya ta jima'i da jajircewa mai jajircewa game da ƙiyayya. 

A cikin 1975, West ta fitar da littattafan ''Jima'i, Lafiya, da ESP'' (William Allen & Sons, mawallafi) da ''Pleasure Man'' (Mawallafin Dell) dangane da wasanta na 1928 mai suna iri ɗaya.  Tarihin rayuwarta, ''Goodness Ba abin da ya yi da shi'', an kuma sabunta shi kuma an sake buga shi a cikin 1970s. 

Mae West ta kasance mai saka hannun jari mai wayo, ta samar da ayyukanta na mataki, kuma ta kashe kuɗinta a manyan filaye a Van Nuys, wani yanki mai bunƙasa na Los Angeles. Da dukiyarta mai yawa, za ta iya yin yadda take so. A cikin 1976, ta fito a kan ''Back Lot USA'' akan CBS, inda Dick Cavett yayi hira da ita kuma ta rera waka " Frankie da Johnny " tare da " Bayan Ka Tafi ."  </link> A wannan shekarar, ta fara aiki akan fim ɗinta na ƙarshe, ''Sextette'' (1978). An karbo daga rubutun 1959 da West ya rubuta, bita-da-kullin fim din da rashin jituwar samar da shi ya kawo cikas ga samarwa tun daga farko.  Saboda canje-canjen rubutun mintuna na ƙarshe mara iyaka da jaddawalin samarwa mai gajiyarwa, West ta yarda a yi mata sigina ta lasifikan da ke ɓoye a cikin guntun gashinta.  Duk da matsalolin yau da kullum, Yamma ya kasance, a cewar darektan ''Sextette'' Ken Hughes, ya yanke shawarar ganin fim din. Tana da shekaru 84, ganinta da ta gaza a yanzu ya sa ta kewaya wurin saitin da wahala, amma ta yi hakan ta hanyar yin fim ɗin, godiya ga amincewarta, juriya na ban mamaki, da girma a matsayin tauraruwar da ta ƙirƙira kanta shekaru 67 bayan fitowarta ta Broadway a 1911. yana da shekara 18. Mujallar ''Time'' ta rubuta wata kasida akan tauraruwar da ba ta da ƙarfi mai suna "A 84, Mae West Is Still Mae West".  

Bayan sakin sa, ''Sextette'' ba nasara ce mai mahimmanci ko kasuwanci ba. Simintin gyare-gyare sun haɗa da wasu taurari na farko na yamma kamar George Raft ( ''Dare Bayan Dare'', 1932), taurarin allo na azurfa irin su Tony Curtis, Timothy Dalton da Walter Pidgeon, da tauraro na zamani irin su Ringo Starr da [[Alice Cooper]], da kuma Abubuwan da aka fi so a talabijin kamar Dom DeLuise da Sarauniyar tsegumi Rona Barrett . Har ila yau, ya haɗa da hotunan wasu masu tsoka daga wasan kwaikwayon Las Vegas na 1950, kamar yadda har yanzu ya dace da Reg Lewis . ''Sextette'' kuma ta sake haɗuwa da Mae West tare da Edith Head, mai tsara kayanta daga 1933 a cikin ''She Done Him Wrong'' . 

Don gudunmawarta ga masana'antar fim, Mae West tana da tauraro a Hollywood Walk of Fame a 1560 Vine Street a Hollywood . Don gudunmawar da ta bayar a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo a cikin duniyar wasan kwaikwayo, an shigar da ita cikin dakin wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka .  

== Hoton jama'a ==
An lura da Mae West don "siffa mai girman kai". An kwatanta kamannin Mae West a matsayin "wani riga mai tsayin bene mai adadi tare da ƙananan wuyan wuyansa da adadi don cika shi." Abubuwan da aka lura sune jirgin kasan kifi da datsa gashin tsuntsu. 

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==



West ta yi aure a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, 1911, a Milwaukee, Wisconsin zuwa Frank Szatkus (1892–1966),  wanda sunan mataki Frank Wallace,  ɗan'uwan vaudevillian wanda ta sadu da shi a 1909. Ta kasance 17.  Ta ɓoye auren,  amma wani magatakarda ya gano takardar shaidar aure a 1935 kuma ya faɗakar da manema labarai.  Har ila yau magatakardar ta bankado wata takardar shaidar da ta bayyana cewa ta yi aure, wanda aka yi a lokacin shari’ar ''Jima’i'' a shekarar 1927.  Da farko, West ta ƙaryata game da auren Wallace, amma a ƙarshe ta yarda da shi a cikin Yuli 1937, don amsa tambayoyin shari'a.  Ma'auratan ba su taɓa zama tare a matsayin mata da miji ba. Ta dage cewa sai da dakunan kwana daban, ba da jimawa ba ta sallame shi da nuna nasa don ya rabu da shi. Ta sami saki a ranar 21 ga Yuli, 1942, lokacin da Wallace ya janye buƙatarsa na kulawa daban, kuma West ya shaida cewa Wallace da ita sun zauna tare don "makonni da yawa".  An ba da umarnin saki na ƙarshe a ranar 7 ga Mayu, 1943. 

A cikin watan Agusta 1913, ta sadu da Guido Deiro (1886-1950), ɗan wasan vaudeville haifaffen Italiya kuma tauraron piano-accordion. Al'amarinta, da yiwuwar auren 1914 da shi, kamar yadda ɗan Deiro Guido Roberto Deiro ya yi zargin a cikin littafinsa na 2019 ''Mae West da The Count'', ya tafi "zurfin gaske, hittin" akan duk motsin zuciyarmu. A cewar shirin shirin ''Masters na Amurka'' ''Mae West: Dirty Blonde'', Yamma ta zubar da yaron Deiro bisa shawarar mahaifiyarta, tsarin ya kusan kashe ta kuma ya bar ta marar haihuwa. Deiro ƙaramin ya ce mahaifinsa ya yi baƙin ciki sa’ad da ya sami labarin zubar da ciki kuma ya ƙare dangantakar.  Daga baya West ya ce, "Aure babban cibiya ce, ban shirya don cibiya ba." 

A cikin 1916, lokacin da ta kasance 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta vaudeville, West tana da alaƙa da James Timony (1884-1954), lauya mai shekaru tara babba. Timony kuma shine manajanta. A lokacin da ta zama jarumar fina-finai a tsakiyar shekarun 1930, ba su kasance ma'aurata ba. Yamma da Timony sun kasance kusa sosai, suna zaune a cikin gini ɗaya, suna aiki tare, suna ba da tallafi ga juna har mutuwar Timoniya a 1954. 

She became romantically involved at age 61 with Chester Rybinski (1923–1999), one of the muscle men in her Las Vegas stage show—a wrestler, former Mr. California, and former merchant sailor. He was 30 years younger than she, and later changed his name to Paul Novak. He moved in with her, and their romance continued until her death in 1980 at age 87. Novak once commented, "I believe I was put on this Earth to take care of Mae West." 
West would sometimes refer to herself in the third person and speak of "Mae West" as the entertainment character she had created.

Yamma ɗan Presbyterian ne.  

== Mutuwa ==


== A cikin shahararrun al'adu ==

* In the 1937 film ''Stand-In'', the stage mother (Anne O'Neal) who has her young daughter (Marianne Edwards) auditioning for Dodd (Leslie Howard) tells her: "Now, do the Mae West number".
* During World War II, Allied aircrews called their yellow inflatable, vest-like life preserver jackets "Mae Wests" partly from rhyming slang for "breasts" and "life vests" and partly because of the resemblance to her torso. A "Mae West" is also a type of round parachute malfunction (partial inversion) which contorts the shape of the canopy into the appearance of an extraordinarily large brassiere.
* West has been the subject of songs, including the title song of Cole Porter's Broadway musical ''Anything Goes'' and in "You're the Top".
* Surrealist artist [[Salvador Dalí]] painted works entitled ''Face of Mae West Which May be Used as an Apartment'', and the ''Mae West Lips Sofa'', which was also by Dalí and completed in 1938 for Edward James.
* Several Mae West comedy lines are used in the parody musical ''Wild Side Story'' (1973–2004).
* In 1982 actress Ann Jillian portrayed West in a television bio film, ''Mae West''.
* In 2000 ''Dirty Blonde'', written by Claudia Shear, opened on Broadway at the Helen Hayes Theater.
* MAE-West – "Metropolitan Area Exchange, West", a former Internet exchange point on the west coast of the United States, with a corresponding MAE-East exchange point.
* In 2016, Mae West was portrayed by drag star Alaska in the second episode of the second season of ''RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars''.
* In 2017, Mae West was the subject of an episode of the TV comedy series ''Over My Dead Body'' on Amazon Prime.
* West was the subject of the 2020 PBS documentary ''Mae West: Dirty Blonde'' as part of their ''American Masters'' series. The documentary was produced by Bette Midler.
* A May West is a Canadian dessert cake named after West. In the 1980s the spelling was changed from Mae West to May West. The snack is still very popular in [[Kebek (lardi)|Quebec]], Eastern and Southern Ontario.
* A  sculpture in [[München|Munich]] carries the name ''Mae West''.
* In the 1935 Laurel and Hardy film ''Bonnie Scotland'', in response to the character, Mrs. Burns saying to Mr. Miggs "the next time you drop down to Glasgow, you must come up and see me some time", Stan comments "It's Mae West".

}''
|
|Credited only as writer
|
|-
| – November 1931
|**'
|Babe Gordon
|
|
|-
| – January 13, 1945
|*Catherine Was Great*
|Catherine II
|
|
|-
|–46
|*Come on Up*
|
|Tour
|
|-
| – May 1948
|*Diamond Lil*
|Diamond Lil
|(Revival) United Kingdom
|
|-
| – February 26, 1949
|*Diamond Lil*
|Diamond Lil
|(Second revival) until West broke her ankle on the latter dateThe play resumed as a "return engagement".
|
|-
| – January 21, 1950
|*Diamond Lil*
|Diamond Lil
|(Second revival) as "return engagement"
|
|-
| – November 10, 1951
|*Diamond Lil*
|Diamond Lil
|(Third Revival)
|
|-
| – closing date unknown
|*Sextette*
|
|Edgewater Beach Playhouse
|
|}

## Filmography

* 1956: *Babban Mae West* ; Decca D/DL-79016 (sake fitowa da yawa har zuwa 2006)
* 1960: *WC Ya Fitar da Rikodinsa Kadai Plus 8 na Mae West* ; Proscenium PR 22
* 1966: *Hanya Daga Yamma* ; Hasumiyar T/ST-5028
* 1966: *Kirsimeti na daji* ; Dragonet LPDG-48
* 1970: *Asalin Muryar Waƙoƙi daga Mafi Girman Fina-finanta* ; Deca D/DL-791/76
* 1970: *Mae West & WC Filaye Gefe ta Gefe* ; Harmony HS 11374/HS 11405
* 1972: *Manyan Kwallaye na Wuta* ; Saukewa: MGM -SE4869
* 1974: *Watsa shirye-shiryen Rediyo na Asali* ; Markus 56 Bayanan 643
* 1987/1995: *Waƙoƙin Ƙwaƙwalwa Goma Sha Shida wanda Mae West Sarauniyar Jima'i ta Rera* ; Farashin RR1315
* 1996: *Ni Ba Mala'ika ba ne* ; CD Jasmine 04980 102
* 2006: *Mafi Girma* : Rev-Ola CR Rev 181