Tom Robbins

**Thomas Eugene Robbins** (22 ga Yuli, 1932 - 9 ga Fabrairu, 2025) marubuci ne ɗan Amurka. Ayyukansa mafi shahara sune "seriocomedies" (wanda aka fi sani da " barkwanci dramas ").  Robbins ya zauna a La Conner, Washington, tun 1970, inda ya rubuta littattafai tara.  Littafinsa na 1976  an daidaita shi zuwa sigar fim ta 1993 ta Gus Van Sant .  Aikinsa na ƙarshe, wanda aka buga a 2014, shine *Tibetan Peach Pie*, wani fim da aka ayyana kansa a matsayin "ba a taɓa tunawa da shi ba".

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Robbins a ranar 22 ga Yuli, 1932, a  , North Carolina, ga George Thomas Robbins da Katherine Belle Robinson. Kakanninsa biyu masu wa'azin Southern Baptist ne. Iyalan Robbins sun zauna a Blowing Rock kafin su koma Warsaw, Virginia, lokacin da marubucin yake ƙarami.  Tun yana ƙarami, Robbins ya bayyana ƙuruciyarsa a matsayin " mai tudu ". 

Robbins ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Warsaw (ajin 1949) da kuma Makarantar Sojoji ta Hargrave da ke Chatham, Virginia, inda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Babbar Muƙala. A shekara mai zuwa ya yi rajista a Jami'ar Washington da Lee da ke Lexington, Virginia, don yin babban digiri a fannin aikin jarida, inda ya tafi a ƙarshen shekararsa ta biyu bayan da 'yan uwansa suka yi masa horo saboda mummunan hali da kuma gazawarsa wajen samun wasiƙa a ƙwallon kwando.

A shekarar 1953, ya shiga rundunar sojin saman Amurka bayan ya sami sanarwar daukar ma'aikata, inda ya shafe shekara guda a matsayin masanin yanayi a Koriya, sannan ya yi shekaru biyu a sashin kula da yanayi na musamman na rundunar Strategic Air Command da ke Nebraska . An sallame shi a shekarar 1957 ya koma Richmond, Virginia, inda ya karanta wakokinsa a gidan kofi na Rhinoceros ya sa ya sami suna a fagen bohemian na yankin. 

## Aikin kafofin watsa labarai na farko
A ƙarshen shekarar 1957, Robbins ya yi rajista a Richmond Professional Institute (RPI), wata makarantar fasaha, wasan kwaikwayo, da kiɗa, wadda daga baya ta zama Jami'ar Virginia Commonwealth . Ya yi aiki a matsayin edita kuma marubuci ga jaridar kwaleji, *Proscript*, daga 1958 zuwa 1959.  Ya kuma yi aiki dare da rana a teburin wasanni na *jaridar Richmond Times-Dispatch* ta yau da kullun.  Bayan kammala karatunsa da girmamawa daga RPI a 1959 kuma ya yi wasu abubuwan da suka shafi tafiya, Robbins ya shiga ma'aikatan *Times-Dispatch* a matsayin editan kwafi. 

A shekarar 1962, Robbins ya koma Seattle don neman digirin MA a Cibiyar Jami'ar Washington ta Far East. A cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa a Seattle (ban da shekara ɗaya da ya yi a birnin New York yana binciken wani littafi kan Jackson Pollock ) ya yi aiki da *Seattle Times* a matsayin mai sukar fasaha.  A shekarar 1965, ya rubuta wani shafi kan fasaha ga *Seattle Magazine* da kuma lokaci-lokaci ga *Art in America* da *Artforum* .  Haka kuma a wannan lokacin, ya dauki nauyin wani shirin rediyo na mako-mako, *Notes from the Underground*, a KRAB-FM, wanda ba na kasuwanci ba.  A shekarar 1967 ne, yayin da yake rubuta bita kan ƙungiyar mawakan rock The Doors, Robbins ya ce ya sami muryarsa ta adabi.  Yayin da yake aiki a kan littafinsa na farko, Robbins ya yi aiki a teburin kwafi na ƙarshen mako na *Seattle Post-Intelligencer* .  Robbins zai ci gaba da zama a Seattle, ko da kuwa ba tare da ya fita ba, tsawon shekaru arba'in masu zuwa.  

## Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa
Robbins abokin Terence McKenna ne, wanda tasirinsa ya bayyana a wasu littattafansa.  Babban jarumi (Larry Diamond) a cikin littafin *Half Asleep in Frog Pajamas* yana goyon bayan wata ka'ida makamanciyar ta McKenna, wadda ta shafi tarihi da tasirin al'adu na tsirrai masu tabin hankali. Robbins ya kuma shafe lokaci tare da Timothy Leary kuma marubucin ya ce daya daga cikin jaruman a cikin *Jitterbug Perfume* (Wiggs Dannyboy) ya nuna wasu halaye na halayen Leary; Robbins ya yarda cewa yana amfani da LSD tare da Leary. 

Ya kasance abokin Gus Van Sant, kuma ya yi rawar murya a cikin fim ɗin Van Sant mai suna *Even Cowgirls Get the Blues* . Ya kasance abokin daraktoci Robert Altman da Alan Rudolph, kuma ya yi ƙananan jawabai a cikin fina-finai biyar masu ban sha'awa. 

#### MANAZARTA