Faustin Twagiramungu

**Faustin Twagiramungu** (14 ga Agusta 1945 – 2 ga Disamba 2023) ɗan siyasa ne na ƙasar Rwanda. Ya kasance Firayim Minista na ƙasar Rwanda daga 1994 har zuwa lokacin da ya yi murabus a 1995, shugaban gwamnati na farko da aka naɗa bayan da ƙungiyar Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) ta kama Kigali . Ba da daɗewa ba ya fara rashin jituwa da manufofin da ayyukan RPF, ya yi murabus kuma aka tsare shi a gidan yari, amma ya sami damar barin ƙasar ya zauna a Belgium.  Ya ci gaba da ayyukan adawa da mulkin Paul Kagame, daga baya ya koma Rwanda  ya tsaya takara, amma ba tare da nasara ba.

## Rayuwar farko da aiki
An haifi Twagiramungu a lardin Cyangugu a ranar 14 ga Agusta 1945.  Ko da yake Hutu ta samo asali, Twagiramungu ya ƙi sunan kabilanci kuma ya gwammace ya ga kansa a matsayin ɗan Ruwanda.  Twagiramungu ya yi magana da Kinyarwanda, Faransanci, Swahili da Ingilishi . 

Twagiramungu ya yi karatu kuma ya yi aiki a Quebec, Kanada, daga 1968 zuwa 1976, a lokacin ne ya fuskanci rabuwar kai a Quebec kuma ya haɗu da René Lévesque . [1] [2] Bayan ya koma Rwanda, ya gudanar da wani kamfanin sufuri mai suna STIR - Société des Transports Internationaux au Rwanda.

## Aikin siyasa
Twagiramungu ya samu karbuwa a siyasa bayan budewar dimokuradiyya a Rwanda a shekarar 1991,  a matsayin shugaban sabuwar jam'iyyar siyasa, Jam'iyyar Republican Democratic Movement (  ).   MDR ta shiga gwamnatin jam'iyyu da yawa da aka kafa a watan Afrilun 1992, kuma wani dan siyasa na MDR, Dismas Nsengiyaremye, ya zama Firayim Minista. Duk da haka, a watan Yulin 1993, an raba MDR tsakanin bangarori biyu karkashin jagorancin Nsengiyaremye da Twagiramungu, wadanda dukkansu ke son zama Firayim Minista a gwamnatin wucin gadi mai fadin gaske (BBTG), mukamin da za a yanke hukunci a kai kafin sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Arusha . Bangaren Twagiramungu ba shi da karfi, amma ya yi nasara sakamakon goyon bayan sauran jam'iyyun siyasa.  An sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Arusha a ranar 4 ga Agusta 1993, kuma an zabi Twagiramungu a matsayin Firayim Minista.  Ba a taba nada BBTG ba. 

### Firayim Minista bayan kisan kare dangi
A watan Yulin 1994, Twagiramungu ya zama Firayim Minista a cikin "Gwamnatin Haɗin Kan Ƙasa" wanda RPF ta kafa a Arusha bayan ya hau mulki bayan kisan kare dangi na Rwanda .  Nadinsa ya kasance mai cike da alamu ga 'yan Rwanda da yawa, domin shi surukin Grégoire Kayibanda ne .  Bayan ya hau mulki, Twagiramungu ya fuskanci matsalar take hakkin ɗan adam da RPF ta haifar. Kamar ministan cikin gida Seth Sendashonga, ya yi imanin cewa dole ne a sami wani haƙuri, amma ya damu lokacin da babu ƙarshen abin da za a iya gani. A cewar masanin tarihi Gérard Prunier wanda ya tattauna batun da Twagiramungu a kai, "Ministocin Hutu sun san da yiwuwar bala'in da murabus ɗinsu zai iya haifarwa har suka haɗiye shi duka da sunan haɗin kan ƙasa. Har sai da kisan kiyashin Kibeho ya tura su sama da ƙasa."  Rikicin da ke cikin gwamnatin ya kai kololuwa lokacin da Twagiramungu ya yi kira da a kafa "majalisar ministoci ta musamman kan harkokin tsaro" wadda ta yi taro a ranar 23 ga Agusta 1995 kuma ta ƙare bayan kwana biyu lokacin da Paul Kagame - *shugaban* Rwanda da RPF - ya yi wani mummunan kalami ya bar ɗakin.  A ranar 28 ga Agusta, Twagiramungu ya yanke shawarar yin murabus, kuma an kori wasu ministoci huɗu washegari, ciki har da Sendashonga.  An tsare Twagiramungu a gidan yari, amma ya sami damar barin ƙasar a ƙarshen shekara. 

### 'Yan adawa a gudun hijira
A Brussels a watan Maris na shekarar 1996, Twagiramungu da Sendashonga suka kafa wata jam'iyyar adawa da aka kora wadda ake kira Democratic Forces for Resistance (  ).  An kaddamar da FRD a hukumance a watan Afrilun shekarar 1997.  A ranar 16 ga Mayun shekarar 1998, an kashe Sendashonga, wanda ya tsira daga wani yunkurin kashe shi a baya, a Nairobi . Twagiramungu ya yi Allah wadai da kisan kuma ya zargi gwamnatin Rwanda da laifin.  A shekarar 2001, wata kotu a Kenya ta gano cewa kisan na siyasa ne kuma ta zargi gwamnatin Rwanda. 

### MANAZARTA