Napoleon II

**Napoleon II** (Napoléon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte; 20 Maris 181122 Yuli 1832) an yi jayayya da Sarkin Faransa na 'yan makonni a 1815. Dan Sarkin sarakuna Napoleon na I da Marie Louise na Ostiriya, ya kasance Yarima Imperial na Faransa kuma Sarkin Roma tun lokacin haihuwa. Bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa, ya rayu sauran rayuwarsa a Vienna kuma an san shi a cikin kotun Austrian a matsayin **Franz, Duke na Reichstadt** don rayuwarsa ta girma (daga fassarar Jamusanci na sunansa na biyu, tare da lakabin da ya kasance. Sarkin Ostiriya ya ba shi a karni na 1818). An ba shi sunan barkwanci ***L'Aiglon*** ("Eaglet") bayan shahararren wasan Edmond Rostand, *L'Aiglon.*

Lokacin da Napoleon I na yi ƙoƙarin yin murabus a ranar 4 ga watan Afrilu 1814, ya ce ɗansa zai yi sarauta a matsayin sarki. Duk da haka, wadanda suka yi nasara a kawancen sun ki amincewa da dansa a matsayin magajinsa, kuma an tilasta wa Napoleon na daya yin murabus ba tare da wani sharadi ba bayan wasu kwanaki. Duk da cewa Napoleon II bai taba mulkin Faransa a zahiri ba, a taƙaice shi ne Sarkin sarakuna na Faransa bayan faduwar mahaifinsa na biyu. Ya rayu mafi yawan rayuwarsa a Vienna kuma ya mutu sakamakon tarin fuka yana da shekaru 21.

Dan uwansa, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, ya kafa daular Faransa ta biyu a 1852 kuma ya yi mulki a matsayin Sarkin sarakuna Napoleon III.

## Tarihin Rayuwa

### Haihuwa
An haifi Napoleon ll a ranar 20 ga watan Maris 1811, a Fadar Tuileries, ɗan Sarkin sarakuna Napoleon I da Empress Marie Louise. A wannan rana ya yi *ondoyé* (bikin gargajiya na Faransanci wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin farkon baftisma, gajeriyar baftisma) ta Joseph Fesch tare da cikakken sunansa *Napoleon François Charles Joseph*.  Baftismar, wanda aka yi wahayi daga bikin baftisma na Louis, Grand Dauphin na Faransa, an yi shi a ranar 9 ga watan Yuni 1811 a Notre Dame de Paris 

### Hakkokin magada

A matsayinsa na kawai ɗan halal na Napoleon na I, ya riga ya kasance bisa tsarin mulki yarima Imperial kuma magaji, amma Sarkin sarakuna kuma ya ba dansa salon Sarkin Roma. Bayan shekaru uku, daular Faransa ta farko ta rushe. Napoleon na ga matarsa ta biyu da ɗansu na ƙarshe a ranar 24 ga watan Janairu 1814.  A ranar 4 ga watan Afrilu 1814, ya yi murabus don goyon bayan dansa mai shekaru uku bayan yakin kwanaki shida da yakin Paris. Yaron ya zama Sarkin Faransa a ƙarƙashin sunan mulkin **Napoleon II.** Duk da haka, a ranar 6 ga watan Afrilu 1814, Napoleon I ya yi murabus kuma ya yi watsi da hakkinsa na kursiyin Faransa kawai, har ma na zuriyarsa. Yarjejeniyar Fontainebleau a cikin karni na 1814 ta ba wa yaron 'yancin yin amfani da lakabin Yariman Parma, na Placentia, da na Guastalla, kuma mahaifiyarsa ta kasance mai suna Duchess na Parma, na Placentia, da na Guastalla.

### Mulki
A ranar 29 ga watan Maris 1814, Marie Louise, tare da rakiyar ta, sun bar Fadar Tuileries tare da ɗanta. Tasharsu ta farko ita ce Château de Rambouillet; sa'an nan, saboda tsoron gaba da sojojin abokan gaba, suka ci gaba zuwa Château de Blois. A ranar 13 ga watan Afrilu, tare da tawagarta sun ragu sosai, Marie Louise da ɗanta mai shekaru uku sun dawo Rambouillet, inda suka sadu da mahaifinta, Sarkin sarakuna Francis I na Austria, da Sarkin sarakuna Alexander I na Rasha. A ranar 23 ga Afrilu, rakiyar rundunar Ostiriya, uwa da danta sun bar Rambouillet da Faransa har abada, don gudun hijira a Ostiriya. 

## Girmamawa

* : Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Stephen, 1811
*  First French Empire: Grand Eagle of the Legion of Honour
*  Kingdom of Italy: Knight of the Order of the Iron Crown, 1st Class
* : Knight Grand Cross of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George

### Coats of arms

File:Blason Roi de Rome.svg|Sarkin Roma  1811-14)
File:Grandes Armes Impériales (1804-1815)2.svg|Sarkin Faransanci ( mai mulki )
File:Coat of Arms of the Duke of Reichstadt (Variant 2).svg|Duke na Reichstadt   1818-32)


## Duba kuma

* Yarjejeniyar Sarkin Roma
* Fadar Sarkin Roma

## Manazarta