Hakkin LGBTQ a Chechnya

**Hakkin 'yan mata, gay, bisexual da masu canza launin fata a Chechny**a sun daɗe suna da damuwa ga kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam kamar Amnesty International da Human Rights Watch. A matsayinta na memba na Tarayyar Rasha, Dokokin LGBT na Rasha suna aiki a hukumance. A zahiri, babu kariya ga 'yan ƙasa na LGBT, kuma hukumomin Chechnya suna zargin suna ƙarfafa kashe mutanen da ake zargi da luwadi ta iyalansu.

Tun daga watan Maris na shekara ta 2017, wani tashin hankali a kan al'ummar LGBT ya haifar da sace da tsare maza masu luwadi da maza masu lubali, wadanda aka doke su kuma aka azabtarwa da su. Fiye da mutum ɗari, kuma mai yiwuwa ɗaruruwan mutane, an yi niyya. Akalla uku,  kuma an ruwaito cewa an yi wa mutane 20, duka har zuwa mutuwa.  Ba a san ainihin adadin wadanda aka tsare kuma aka kashe ba. Wani kwamitin kwararru masu ba da shawara ga Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya ba da rahoton a farkon watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2017 cewa: "Waɗannan ayyukan tsanantawa ne da tashin hankali a kan wani sikelin da ba a taɓa gani ba a yankin kuma sun zama manyan keta wajibai na Tarayyar Rasha a ƙarƙashin Dokar haƙƙin ɗan adam ta duniya".

## Al'adun al'adu
Chechniya al'ummar Islama ce mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, inda ake yin luwadi da luwadi da madigo a cikinta. Bayan fadace-fadacen 'yan aware guda biyu a shekarun 1990 - yakin Chechnya na farko da na Checheniya na biyu - Chechnya "ya zama mai ra'ayin mazan jiya" karkashin jagorancin shugaba Akhmad Kadyrov da dansa Ramzan Kadyrov, wanda shi ne shugaban Jamhuriyar Chechnya. A Chechnya, kamar yadda yake a sauran yankunan kudancin Rasha, shugaban Rasha Vladimir Putin "ya ba wa shugabannin yankin ikon aiwatar da fassarar da suka shafi al'adun musulmi." Human Rights Watch ta ruwaito a cikin 2017 cewa "t yana da wahala a wuce gona da iri kan yadda 'yan LGBT ke da rauni a Chechnya, inda masu luwadi ke da yawa kuma suka zama ruwan dare. Mutanen LGBT na cikin hatsari ba kawai na zalunci daga hukumomi ba har ma da fadawa cikin 'kisan girmamawa' da 'yan uwansu suka yi don bata mutuncin dangi." Wani mai fafutuka na kungiyar LGBT na kasar Rasha ya bayyana cewa a wasu lokuta ana sakin mutane daga gidajen yari saboda hukumomi sun san cewa iyalansu za su kashe su. Har ma Kadyrov ya yi jayayya cewa babu 'yan luwadi a Chechnya kuma ko da akwai wasu, to "ku kai su Kanada, ku gode wa Allah, don tsarkake jini".

## Matsayi na Shari'a
An fara yin luwadi ba bisa ka'ida ba a Chechnya bayan Rasha ta ci shi a ƙarshen 1800s. Bayan Juyin Juya Halin Oktoba, duk Rasha ta sake halatta luwadi, amma an sake aikata laifuka a karkashin Joseph Stalin ga dukan Tarayyar Soviet. An sake ba da luwadi a Rasha a cikin 1993,  kodayake tsakanin 1991 da 2000 Chechnya ta kasance mai zaman kanta daga Rasha. A cikin 1999, a matsayin izini ga masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Islama, shugaban kasar Chechnya Aslan Maskhadov ya gabatar da dokar shari'a. Kotunan shari'a da aka kafa sun yanke wa mutane hukuncin kisa saboda laifuka kamar zina da luwadi.

Shugaba mai goyon bayan Rasha na yanzu Ramzan Kadyrov "ya kawo Islama ga gaba a rayuwar yau da kullun ta Chechnya, kuma 'yan luwadi da ke nuna jima'i galibi iyalansu suna nuna musu wariya kuma suna guje wa su".  Ramzan Kadylov ya fara "kamfen na kirki" manufofin zamantakewa yayin da yake Firayim Minista, a cikin 2006, yana kai farmaki da farko ga "rashin ɗabi'ar matasan Jamhuriyar kuma yana gabatar da manufofin ƙarfafawa don kisan girmamawa,  tare da rawar da Kadyrov ke ɗauka a matsayin mai karewa da ake adawa da matsayin "al' yan mata na al' yanci".

Kodayake yawancin Chechens, musamman Chechens waɗanda ke zaune a cikin birane, ba tare da sunayensu ba suna ci gaba da sanar da hukumomin labarai cewa suna adawa da manufofin zamantakewar Kadyrov a asirce kan batutuwa kamar tilasta sake haduwa da masu kisan aure  da sabon matsin lamba don sanya hijabi (wanda ke rikici da tsarin gargajiya na Chechen akan tufafin mata, wanda ya tsara cewa mata su ne kawai ke sanya wani mutum da danginsu na gaba da haɗari.  A cikin ilimi da kuma a wasu fannoni na rayuwar mutane, kungiyoyin gwamnati sun yi amfani da albarkatunsu don yada farfaganda wanda ke inganta kamfen din Islama na Kadyrov; ana kai wa mata da ake ganin suna da "marasa kyau" hari da paintballs, kuma ana sanar da matasa 'yan makaranta cewa idan sun bar' yan uwan su mata su fita ba tare da rufe gashin kansu ba, za su fuskanci la'antawa ta har abada, kuma ana ƙarfafa su kai rahotanni ga hukumomi don hukumomi su don haka hukumomi za su iya tantance idan iyayensu suna aiki ko ba su a Islama yadda ya kamata. Kodayake tilasta wa Kadyrov dokar Islama ta saba wa dokar Tarayyar Rasha da kuma wani labarin kundin tsarin mulkin Chechnya wanda a bayyane ya bayyana cewa Chechnya ba ta da addini kuma ba za a iya sanya shi a matsayin hukuma ko tilas ba,  ya yi hakan tare da goyon bayan kudi da siyasa na Putin, wanda Rasha ta fuskanci zargi daga kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam.   

Rasha ta zartar da dokar farfaganda ta adawa da luwadi a watan Yunin 2013. A hukumance ya haramta rarraba "farfaganda don dangantakar jima'i ba ta gargajiya ba", tsakanin yara. Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam da yawa sun soki dokar, gami da Human Rights Watch, saboda suna ganin ta "yana nuna bambanci" ga yawan LGBT  kuma an ambaci ta a matsayin daya daga cikin dalilan da Kremlin bai amsa da sauri ga tsananta wa 'yan luwadi a Chechnya ba. 

## Tsanantawa na adawa da luwadi a cikin 2017 da 2019

An fara tsare-tsaren ne a watan Fabrairun 2017 bayan wani mutumin Chechen wanda ake zargin ya aikata laifin da ya shafi miyagun ƙwayoyi ya dakatar da shi  kuma jami'an da suka kama sun gano bayanan tuntuɓar wasu maza masu luwadi a wayarsa. 

An fara tsare-tsare na biyu bayan kungiyar kare hakkin LGBT Gayrussia.ru ta nemi izini don gudanar da zanga-zangar alfahari da gay a birane huɗu a cikin Kabardino-Balkaria a yankin Rasha da yawancin Musulmai suka fi Arewacin Caucasus, kodayake ba a cikin Chechnya kanta ba. Hukumomin Kabardino-Balkar sun ki amincewa da aikace-aikacen a wannan gundumar. Wani zanga-zangar adawa da luwadi ya biyo baya, tare da sakonni a kafofin sada zumunta da ke kira ga a kashe luwadi ta hanyoyi daban-daban.

Mai shirya Gayrussia.ru Nikolay Alexeyev ya watsar da shawarwarin da aka yi na shirya fareti na girman kai a yankin ya haifar da tashin hankali a kan 'yan Chechens masu luwadi a matsayin hasashe da rashin tushe. Kungiyar ba ta mayar da hankali ga gundumomin musulmi ba musamman, kuma ta nemi izini don yin zanga-zangar alfahari da gay a cikin gwamnatocin birni 90 a duk faɗin Rasha a cikin ƙoƙari na tattara ƙaryatattun da ba za a iya gujewa ba, wanda za a yi amfani da shi a cikin shari'ar game da 'yancin taro da' yancin gay a gaban Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai.

## Manazarta