The Frogs and the Sun

**Kwaɗo da Rana** ɗaya ne daga cikin Tatsuniyoyin Aesop kuma an sanya shi lamba 314 a cikin Perry Index .  An ba shi aikace-aikacen siyasa tun zamanin Classical. 

## Tatsuniya
Akwai nau'ikan tatsuniyar Girka da Latin guda biyu. Babrius ya faɗi ba tare da an ƙawata ta ba kuma ya bar masu sauraro su yanke nasu ƙarshe, amma Phaedrus ya ba da labarin mahallin. Yayin da mutane ke murna da auren ɓarawo, Aesop ya ba da labarin kwaɗi waɗanda suka yi kuka a kan auren rana. Wannan yana nufin haihuwar rana ta biyu kuma kwaɗin sun riga sun sha wahala daga bushewar tafkuna da dausayi da suke zaune a ciki. 

Ko da yake labarin yana da ma'anar muhalli, an yi imanin cewa ainihin abin da aka nufa shi ne Sejanus, babban mataimaki na Sarkin Roma Tiberius, wanda ya yi ƙoƙarin yin aure a cikin dangin sarki.  Tabbas an yi amfani da tatsuniyar ta hanyar da ta dace don sukar sarakunan da suka wuce gona da iri a zamanin Tsakiyar Zamani . *Ysopet* na Marie de France ya ƙunshi sigar labarin wanda zai rinjayi marubutan da suka gabata. A cikin labarinta, Rana ta nemi shawara daga dabbobi kan ɗaukar abokin tarayya. Suna cikin fargaba, suna roƙon Kaddara saboda babu abin da zai iya girma a cikin zafin rana ta biyu. Marie ta zana darasin feudal a cikin wani sashi mai kyau a ƙarshe.  

An haɗa wannan tatsuniya a cikin tarin labaran ɗabi'a na Nicholas Bozon ( *Contes moralisés* ) a cikin shekarun 1320. Gabatarwar da wani sharhi na Latin cewa manyan sarakuna suna talauta wasu, yana nuna Rana tana roƙon fadawansa su nemo masa matar aure mai arziki. Sun kai matsalar ga Kaddara, wacce ta nuna haɗarin da zai biyo baya daga samun rana ta biyu.  Bayan ƙarni ɗaya, John Lydgate ya ba da labarin "Auren Rana" a cikin littafinsa *na Isopes Fabules* . A nan an riga an kai hari kan zalunci, wanda labarin zai nuna. Rana ta nemi shawarar taron alloli game da ɗaukar abokin aure kuma sun ƙi irin wannan haɗin gwiwa. 

Labarin William Caxton daga baya a ƙarni na 14 ya fi kusa da sigar Phaedrus. An fara maganar cewa 'mutumin mugunta zai iya haifar da mafi muni fiye da kansa' sannan ya ba da labarin yanayin da Aesop ya ba da labarin. 'Dukkan ƙasashen duniya' ne suka roƙi Jupiter game da auren da aka yi niyya, suna fahimtar da kansu bala'in da zai biyo baya daga samun rana fiye da ɗaya.  Jean de la Fontaine ya ci gaba da haɗa labarin a cikin tarin tatsuniyoyinsa na farko (1668), inda aka ba da labarin a matsayin labarin gargaɗi a bikin auren wani azzalumi. 

Duk da haka, siyasar zamani ba da daɗewa ba za ta ba wa tatsuniya wata hanya ta daban, ta hanyar tallafawa ikon mallaka a kan Jamhuriyar Holland mai tasowa, mai nasara a fannin kasuwanci. Wanda ya fara yin hakan shine mai sarauta John Ogilby, yana ƙara tatsuniya a bugunsa na 1665, tare da zane na Wenceslas Hollar na kwaɗin da ke nuna rashin godiya a kan bangon zauren birnin Amsterdam. A cewar wannan fassarar, Jamhuriyar ta yi watsi da tsohuwar abokiyar ƙawarta wadda (a ganinta, aƙalla) ta taimaki 'yan Holland su sami wadata. An kuma fitar da waƙar a matsayin ƙasida ta farfaganda a ƙarƙashin taken *The Frog, ko Low Countrey Nightingale* a lokacin Yaƙin Anglo-Holland na Biyu .

An yi irin wannan ikirari, ta amfani da wannan tatsuniya, a lokacin Yaƙin Faransa da Holland na 1672-8 a cikin wani yaƙin ƙasida na Turai wanda ya ƙunshi wallafe-wallafe a cikin Latin, Faransanci, Sifaniyanci da Italiyanci.  Gudummawar La Fontaine tatsuniya ce mai dogon suna mai taken iri ɗaya ( *Le soleil et les grenouilles* ), tun daga wannan lokacin amma ba a haɗa ta cikin tatsuniyoyinsa ba har zuwa kundin ƙarshe. Kwaɗin (Holan) bayan sun bazu zuwa kowace gaɓar teku, yanzu suna korafin zaluncin Sarkin Rana (Louis XIV). Waƙar ta ƙare da barazanar ɗaukar fansa da Rana za ta kawo wa 'Wannan ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa marasa sarki, rabin ruwa' nan ba da jimawa ba. 

Da yake kawar da wannan mahallin duniya, Edmé Boursault ya daidaita labarin tatsuniyar amma ya maye gurbin wasu haruffa a cikin wasansa na wannan lokacin, Les Fables d'Ésope (1690). Tare da uba wanda ke alfahari da sana'o'in 'ya'yansa maza da yawa, Ésope ya cika nauyin aikin gwamnati mai tsada ta hanyar ba da labarin " Les colombes et le vautour ". A can, kurciya sun nuna rashin jin daɗin auren ungulu da aka yi hasashen yi a matsayin barazana ga ci gaba da wanzuwarsu, kamar yadda yake a cikin tatsuniyar kwaɗi, amma yanayin siyasa ya faɗaɗa zuwa na Kite da Kurciya .

Bayan haka, tatsuniyar da aka yi wa juyin juya hali ta ragu daga shahara har sai da aka farfaɗo da ita, a Faransa da Birtaniya, a ƙarni na 19. Sigar La Fontaine ita ma ta zama tushen ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan wasannin kwaikwayo na Ned Rorem a shekarar 1971.

## Manazarta