Fanni Luukkonen

**Fanni Luukkonen** (13 Maris 1882 - 27 Oktoba 1947) ta kasance shugabar daɗaɗɗen jagora na Finnish Lotta Svärd, ƙungiyar taimakon agaji na mata.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Fanni Marie Luukkonen a Helsinki, 'yar tsakiya kuma 'yar Katariina Sofia (née Palmgren) da Olli Luukkonen. An haife ta a cikin abin da a wancan lokacin ake kira Grand Duchy na Finland, wata ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta da Daular Rasha ke mulki. Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Oulu nan da nan bayan haihuwarta tare da babban ɗan'uwanta Mauritz Emil. Iyalin sun zauna a tsibirin Kiikel, a gefen gabar tekun Oulur, inda mahaifinta yake aiki da injina a tashar wutar lantarki ta farko ta garin. Iyalin sun kasance masu addini (Frotestan), masu goyon bayan kame kai, kuma suna jin daɗin yin lokaci a teku, wanda ya yi tasiri ga 'yarsu ta tsawon rai. Matashiyar Fanni ƙwararren matukin jirgi ne kuma mai sha'awar wasanni, musamman motsa jiki. 

Luukkonen ta yi karatu a Makarantar 'Yan Mata ta Oulu inda malamar ajinta ita ce Angelika Wenell (1857–1940), wata sananniyar mai fafutukar pentecostalism, wacce ta yi tasiri sosai kan hangen nesanta na gaba. Daga baya Luukkonen ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Ilimi Mai Zurfi ta Finnish da ke Helsinki. 

## Aikin koyarwa
A ranar 15 ga Fabrairu, 1899, an buga Manifesto na Fabrairu, wani doka da Sarkin Rasha Nicholas II ya kafa. Ya bayyana dokokin Grand Duchy na Finland wanda ya shafi sha'awar Daular Rasha, kuma ya ba da damar Majalisar Finland ta ba da shawara kawai wajen zartar da dokoki. Wannan ya kafa yanayi na farko na zaluncin Rasha a ƙasar da kuma fara Russification na Finland a lokacin har zuwa ƙarshen Daular Rasha. Manifesto ya yi tasiri mai ban mamaki ga matashiyar Luukkonen da sauran ɗalibanta; an sanya wa matan makarantar Postgraduate ɗin ado a duk lokacin bazara bayan an buga Manifesto. Daga baya ta rubuta cewa "Wannan haɗin kai na farko na ƙasa ya zurfafa ta hanyar ci gaba da abubuwan da suka faru a shekarun sarauta, waɗanda suka ba da kwarin gwiwa don shiga cikin gwagwarmayar tsarin mulki. Sai manyan yajin aiki suka biyo baya, wanda mutumin da ke ƙaunar ƙasarsa ya rayu ba tare da mantawa ba, amma don shirya don wani abu mafi girma." 

Ta kammala karatun sakandare a shekarar 1902 kuma ta sami digiri a matsayin malamar firamare a shekarar 1906. Aikinta na farko na koyarwa ya kasance a Oulu daga 1906 zuwa 1913, sannan ta koma koyarwa a Sortavala, a ƙasar Finland Karelia, tsakanin 1913 da 1931 a matsayin babbar malamar makarantar horar da 'yan mata. Mahaifiyarta Sofia Luukkonen ta ƙaura tare da ita, kuma ta kula da gidansu har zuwa rasuwarta a shekarar 1921. A wannan lokacin ne yanayin Luukkonen na ƙabilanci da kuma kishin ƙasa ya yi ƙarfi yayin da garin ke fama da zaluncin Rasha. 

## Shiga Lotta Svärd
Garin Sortavala yana cikin yankin Ladogan Karelia kuma ya kasance cibiyar ƙungiyar 'yancin kai da kuma kishin ƙasa ta Finland a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, wadda hukumomin Rasha ba su amince da ita ba, waɗanda zalunci da ramuwar gayya suka yi tsanani sosai. Malamai da ɗalibai a kwalejin dole ne su yi taka tsantsan amma zaluncin ya haifar da ƙaruwar ruhin ƙasa da fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a. Luukkonen da yawancin 'yan ƙasarta sun ƙara zama masu tsattsauran ra'ayi a hanyarsu ta neman ɗaukar mataki na ƙasa. 

Juyin Juya Halin Fabrairu na 1917 da Juyin Juya Halin Rasha da ya biyo baya sun haifar da Sanarwar 'Yancin Kai ta Finland daga Rasha a ranar 6 ga Disamba, 1917. Wannan, tare da rikicin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, ya haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali a siyasance. A kaka na 1917, majalisar garin ta kafa rundunar White Guard (ƙungiyar mayaƙan tsaro ta farar hula) a Sortavala, kuma a watan Janairun 1918, sun kai hari ba zato ba tsammani suka kwace makamai daga sauran sojojin Rasha. 

Yaƙin Basasa na Finland (27 ga Janairu 1918 - 15 ga Mayu 1918) ya ɓarke tsakanin White Finland da Red Finland don iko da ƙasar. Jami'an Red Guards, waɗanda wani ɓangare na Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ke jagoranta, sun ƙunshi ma'aikatan masana'antu da manoma, kuma suna iko da biranen da cibiyoyin masana'antu na kudancin Finland. Jami'an White Guards, waɗanda majalisar dattawa ke iko da su, sun yi adawa da gurguzu kuma Sojojin Masarautar Jamus sun taimaka musu a ƙarshen yaƙin. Ƙungiyar ta wakilci masu filaye da masu matsakaicin matsayi da na sama, waɗanda ke iko da yankunan karkara na tsakiya da arewacin Finland, kuma Janar CGE Mannerheim ne ya jagorance su. Da farkon yaƙin, yawancin ɗaliban maza a kwalejin sun tafi fagen daga, kuma gine-ginen kwalejin sojoji ne suka nemi su. Luukkonen ta yi aikin taimako don tallafawa sojoji, tare da wasu mata da yawa. Tsawon shekaru uku ta zauna a kwalejin tana kewaye da barikokin soja kuma ta san rayuwa a wani wurin soja a kusa. Ta fahimci irin aikin da mata za su iya yi don tallafawa ayyukan soja da kuma yadda za a iya tsara irin wannan aikin. Wannan ya ba ta cikakken fahimtar irin ayyukan da Rundunar Tsaro za ta iya bai wa mata. 

Fari sun yi nasara, tare da goyon bayan sojojin Jamus kuma Finland ta koma yankin da Jamus ke da tasiri, amma a matsayin jamhuriya mai zaman kanta da dimokuradiyya. Kimanin 'yan ƙasar Finland 36,000 ne suka mutu a rikicin kuma tasirinsa ya shafi ƙasar tsawon shekaru da dama. Bayan Yaƙin Basasa, Fanni Luukkonen ta shiga ƙungiyar mata ta Lotta Svärd kuma aka zaɓe ta sakatariyar gundumar a 1921. Ta shahara da ɗabi'unta na aiki kuma a 1925 ta zama memba a kwamitin tsakiya na Lotta Svärd. A 1929 aka zaɓe ta a matsayin shugabar ƙungiyar baki ɗaya, inda ta maye gurbin Helmi Arneberg-Pentti .

## Manazarta