Cutar Parkinson

**Cutar Parkinson** (**PD**), ko kuma kawai ta **Parkinson**, cuta ce mai lalacewa ta dogon lokaci na tsarin juyayi na tsakiya wanda galibi yana shafar tsarin mota. Yayin da cutar ta tsananta, alamun da ba na mota ba sun zama ruwan dare. Alamun yawanci suna fitowa a hankali. A farkon cutar, bayyanar cututtuka mafi bayyananni sune girgiza, dagewa, jinkirin motsi, da wahalar tafiya. Matsalolin tunani da ɗabi'a na iya faruwa. Dementia ya zama ruwan dare a cikin ci gaban matakan cutar. Damuwa da damuwa suma na kowa ne, suna faruwa a fiye da kashi uku na mutanen da kuma ke da PD. Sauran alamun sun haɗa da hankali, barci, da matsalolin tunani. Babban alamun motar ana kiran su tare da "parkinsonism", ko "ciwon daji na parkinsonian".

Ba a san abin da ke haifar da cutar Parkinson ba, amma an yi imanin cewa ya ƙunshi abubuwa biyu na kwayoyin halitta da na muhalli. Wadanda ke da dangin da abin ya shafa sun fi kamuwa da cutar da kansu. Har ila yau, akwai ƙarin haɗari a cikin mutanen da ke fuskantar wasu magungunan kashe qwari da kuma daga cikin wadanda suka samu raunuka a kai, yayin da ake samun raguwar haɗari ga masu shan taba da masu shan kofi ko shayi. Alamun motsin cutar na haifar da mutuwar sel a cikin substantia nigra, yanki na tsakiyar kwakwalwa. Wannan kuma yana haifar da rashin isasshen dopamine a cikin wannan yanki na kwakwalwa. Dalilin mutuwar wannan tantanin halitta ba a fahimta sosai ba, amma ya kuma haɗa da haɓakar sunadaran cikin jikin Lewy a cikin jijiyoyi. Ganewar al'amura na yau da kullun yana dogara ne akan alamomi, tare da gwaje-gwaje kamar neuroimaging da ake amfani da su don kawar da wasu cututtuka.

Babu magani ga cutar Parkinson. Jiyya na nufin inganta alamun. Magani na farko yana yawanci tare da maganin antiparkinson levodopa (L-DOPA), sannan kuma agonists na dopamine lokacin da levodopa ya zama ƙasa da tasiri. Yayin da cutar ke ci gaba da kuma ci gaba da ɓacewar ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin jiki, waɗannan magunguna sun zama marasa tasiri, yayin da suke haifar da matsala mai alamar motsin rubutu na son rai. Abincin abinci da wasu nau'ikan gyare-gyare sun nuna wasu tasiri wajen inganta alamun. An yi amfani da tiyata don sanya microelectrodes don zurfafa kwakwalwar kwakwalwa don rage alamun motsi a cikin lokuta masu tsanani inda kwayoyi ba su da tasiri. Shaida don jiyya don alamun PD marasa motsi, kamar damuwa na barci da matsalolin motsin rai, ba su da ƙarfi.

A cikin 2015, PD ya shafi mutane miliyan 6.2 kuma ya haifar da mutuwar kusan 117,400 a duniya. Cutar Parkinson takan faru ne a cikin mutanen da suka haura shekaru 60, wadanda kusan kashi daya cikin dari ke kamuwa da su. Maza sun fi shafan mata fiye da yadda ya kai kusan 3:2. Lokacin da aka gani a cikin mutane kafin shekaru 50, ana kiran shi da wuri-farawa PD. Matsakaicin tsawon rayuwa bayan ganewar asali shine tsakanin shekaru 7 zuwa 15. An ba wa cutar sunan likitan ɗan Ingilishi James Parkinson, wanda ya buga cikakken bayanin farko a cikin An Essay on *the Shaking Palsy*, a cikin shekarar 1817. Kamfen wayar da kan jama'a sun haɗa da Ranar Parkinson ta Duniya (a ranar haihuwar James Parkinson, 11 ga Afrilu) da kuma amfani da cututtukan cututtukan fata. jan tulip a matsayin alamar cutar. Mutanen da ke fama da cutar Parkinson wadanda suka kara wayar da kan jama'a game da wannan yanayin sun hada da fitaccen dan dambe Muhammad Ali, da jarumi Michael J. Fox, da dan tseren keke na Olympic Davis Phinney, da kuma jarumi Alan Alda.

## Manazarta