Louisine Havemeyer

**Louisine Waldron Elder Havemeyer** (28 ga Yuli, 1855 - 6 ga Janairu, 1929) ta kasance mai tattara zane-zane, mai kare hakkin mata, kuma mai taimakon jama'a . Baya ga kasancewa mai kula da zane-zanen imprisonist, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu ba da gudummawa ga ƙungiyar zaɓe a Amurka. Mai zane-zanen imprisonist Edgar Degas da mai kare hakkin mata Alice Paul suna cikin shahararrun waɗanda suka sami goyon bayan wannan mai taimakon jama'a .

## Bayani
An haifi **Louisine Waldron Elder** a birnin New York a ranar 28 ga Yuli, 1855, ga wani ɗan kasuwa George W. Elder (1831–1873) da matarsa, Matilda Adelaide Waldron (1834–1907). Ita ce ta biyu a cikin 'ya'ya huɗu: Anne Eliza Elder, daga baya Mrs. Henry Norcross Munn (1853–1917), Adaline Deliverance Mapes Elder, daga baya Mrs. Samuel Twyford Peters (1859–1943), da ɗan'uwa George Waldron Elder (1860–1916).

### Rayuwa a Paris
Ba da daɗewa ba bayan mutuwar mahaifinta, Louisine Elder da iyalinta suka yi tafiya zuwa Turai na tsawon shekaru uku. Sun tashi a ranar 25 ga Mayu, 1873, a cikin jirgin ruwa na *SS Calabria*, tare da danginsu na nesa, goggo Amanda McCready da danginta, da kuma 'yar uwar Mary Mapes Dodge, editan *mujallar St. Nicholas* kuma marubucin *Hans Brinker; ko kuma Silver Skates* .  'Yar uwar Mary Mapes Dodge Sophie Mapes Tolles tana zaune a Paris tare da kawarta Emily Sartain, tana karatun fasaha a cikin gidan cin abinci na Evariste Luminais da kuma shiga cikin *shirin* Mme. Del Sarte, bazawara ga François Del Sarte, malamin da ya shahara a fannin fasahar bayyana abubuwa. Louisine da 'yar uwarta Addie sun haɗu da Sophie Mapes Tolles da Emily Sartain a cikin jirgin a cikin shirin Mme. Del Sarte, kuma a wannan lokacin ne Sartain ta gabatar da Louisine ga Mary Cassatt .  'Yan uwan Philadelphia, Cassatt da Sartain sun yi karatu tare a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Pennsylvania a farkon shekarun 1860 kuma sun yi tafiya tare zuwa Turai tare a kaka ta 1871.  A wannan lokacin, Mary Cassatt ta ɗauki Louisine Elder a ƙarƙashin fikafikanta, ta zama mai ba da shawara kuma ta ƙarfafa ta ta yi siyayyar fasaha ta farko, ta Edgar Degas.  Yayin da lokaci ya shuɗe, musamman bayan Louisine ta auri Henry O. Havemeyer, Cassatt ta zama mai ba da shawara ga Havemeyers, tana taimakawa wajen gina tarin fasaharsu da kuma sauƙaƙe dangantakar aiki da za su yi da Impressionist Artists, ciki har da Edgar Degas, Édouard Manet, Camille Pissarro da Claude Monet . Abota ta tsawon rai ta haɗu tsakanin Louisine Havemeyer da Mary Cassatt, waɗanda daga baya suka yi pastels da yawa na Louisine da 'ya'yanta.

### Tarin zane-zane
Tare da mijinta, Louisine za ta gina mafi kyawun tarin zane-zane a Amurka. Gidanta mai hawa uku a Fifth Avenue da East 66th Street a New York ya cika da mafi kyawun misalai na ayyukan Manet, El Greco, Rembrandt, da Corot . Louis Comfort Tiffany da Samuel Colman sun yi wa gidan ado a tsakanin 1889-1890, waɗanda suka sanya shi wuri mai kyau don tarin kayan tarihi daban-daban masu mahimmanci na mai gidansu.  Henry Clay Frick, JP Morgan, da Mrs. Isabella Stewart Gardner suna cikin masu tattara kayan tarihi waɗanda Mr. da Mrs. Havemeyer za su sani kuma su yi gasa da su.

### Rayuwar iyali
A ranar 22 ga Agusta, 1883, shekaru goma bayan mutuwar mahaifinta, Louisine ta auri Henry O. Havemeyer na Kamfanin Refining Sugar na Amurka .

Louisine da Henry Osborne suna da 'ya'ya uku:

* Adaline Havemeyer, wacce aka fi sani da Mrs. Peter HB Frelinghuysen &#x2014; (1884–1963)
* Horace Havemeyer &#x2014; (1886–1956)
* Electra Havemeyer, wanda aka fi sani da Mrs. James Watson Webb &#x2014; (1888–1960)

 *(Kafin aurensa da Louisine, Henry ya auri goggon Louisine Mary Louise Elder (1847–1897* *), amma wannan auren ya ƙare da saki.)*

## Gado
Baya ga matsayinta na farko kuma mai mahimmanci wajen tattara zane-zanen Impressionist, Louisine Havemeyer ta kasance mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata.

### Mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a
Bayan mutuwar mijinta a shekarar 1907, Mrs. Havemeyer ta mayar da hankalinta kan fafutukar mata ta zaɓe . A shekarar 1912 ta ba da rancen tarin kayanta na fasaha ga Knoedler 's Gallery da ke New York don tara kuɗi don wannan manufa.  A shekarar 1913, ta kafa Jam'iyyar Mata ta Ƙasa tare da mai ra'ayin mazan jiya Alice Paul . (A da an san ƙungiyar da "Congressal Union for Women Suffrage".) Ta maimaita baje kolin fasahar tara kuɗi a Knoedler's a shekarar 1915. 

Tare da tallafin kuɗi daga Mrs. Havemeyer da wasu irinta, Ms. Paul ta ƙaddamar da jerin zanga-zangar da ke ƙara tayar da hankali waɗanda ke tayar da hankalin 'yancin zaɓe. Kokarin da Paul ya fi shahara shi ne na 1913 National Suffrage Parade, wanda ya haifar da tarzoma a jajibirin rantsar da Shugaba Woodrow Wilson na farko, kuma a matsayinta na memba na Silent Sentinels, zanga-zangar yaƙi a Fadar White House. A lokacin na ƙarshe, Paul ya yi amfani da wasu sassan jawabin Shugaban ƙasa da ke shelar kare dimokuraɗiyya a Turai wanda ta kwatanta da hana 'yanci ga matan Amurka. Lokacin da aka daure ta saboda toshe zirga-zirga a shekarar 1917, yunwa ta kama ta, wanda ya kawo matsin lamba mai yawa ga Majalisa da Gwamnatin Wilson. An yi muhawara kan Kwaskwarima ta Sha Tara, wadda ta faɗaɗa haƙƙin zaɓe ga mata, Majalisa ta yi muhawara a kai, ta sami ƙuri'u 2/3 da ake buƙata a shekarar 1919, an aika ta zuwa jihohi don amincewa, kuma ta sami 3/4 na jihohi da suka amince da ita a shekarar 1920.

Louisine Havemeyer ta zama fitacciyar mai rajin kare haƙƙin jama'a, inda ta buga labarai biyu game da aikinta na wannan manufa a cikin Mujallar Scribner . Na farko, mai taken "The Prison Special: Memories of a Military", ya bayyana a watan Mayu 1922, ɗayan kuma, "The Suffrage Torch: Memories of a Military" ya bayyana a watan Yuni a wannan shekarar. A cikin 1912 da 1915, Mrs. Havemeyer ta shirya nune-nunen ayyukan fasaha daga tarin kayanta a Knoedler Gallery don tara kuɗi don tallafawa ƙoƙarin zaɓe. Ta halarci zanga-zangar, abin da ya ɓata wa 'ya'yanta rai. , a kan sanannen titin Fifth Avenue na New York kuma ya yi wa masu sauraro jawabi a ɗakin tsaye kawai a Carnegie Hall bayan kammala rangadin jawabi a duk faɗin ƙasar. Wani sanannen hoton Mrs. Havemeyer ya nuna ta da tocilar lantarki, irin ta Statue of Liberty, tare da sauran fitattun masu ra'ayin 'yancin zaɓe. Yunkurinta na ƙona wani mutum-mutumin Shugaba Wilson a wajen Fadar White House a shekarar 1919 ya jawo hankalin ƙasa.

Bayan tsawon lokaci na rashin lafiya, Mrs. Havemeyer ta mutu a shekarar 1929. An binne Mrs. Havemeyer a Makabartar Green-Wood da ke Brooklyn, New York . Wa'adin wasiyyarta ya bar wasu zane-zane da aka zaɓa ga Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Metropolitan da ke birnin New York. Wa'adin ƙarshe, wanda ya samu ta hanyar karimcin 'ya'yanta, ya haɗa da ayyukan da suka wadatar da kusan kowane ɓangare na tarin kayan tarihin.

Ana nuna kayan ado da yawa na Tiffany daga gidanta na Fifth Avenue, gami da wani kyakkyawan kayan ado na peacock mantelpie, da kuma chandelier na dindindin a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Jami'ar Michigan .  Wani ɓangare na ɗakin kayan daki na ɗakin kiɗa yana nan a Gidan Tarihi na Shelburne . 

### Gadon iyali
'Ya'yan Louisine za su ci gaba da ginawa a kan gadon iyalansu a matsayin masu tattara zane-zane. 'Yar Louisine Electra Havemeyer Webb ta tattara zane-zane da sassaka na Amurka da suka taimaka wajen kafa Gidan Tarihi na Shelburne . Gidan Tarihi yana nuna "tarin tarin abubuwa" a cikin kyawawan misalai na gidajen Amurka na farko da gine-ginen jama'a; shago na gabaɗaya, gidan taro, ɗakin katako, har ma da jirgin ruwa mai tururi a filin. Jikan jikan ta, John Wilmerding, sanannen farfesa ne na fasaha, mai tattarawa, da mai kula da shi, kuma an fi saninta a matsayin marubuciya mai hazaka a fannin littattafai kan fasahar Amurka.  'Yarta Adaline da ɗanta Horace Havemeyer, da jikoki Horace Havemeyer, Jr. da Harry W. Havemeyer sun ba da ayyuka da yawa daga Vermeer, Goya, Corot, Manet, da sauransu ga Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa . 

### Zane-zanen da aka ba wa Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Metropolitan

## Duba kuma

* Havemeyer

## Albarkatu

* Louisine Havemeyer.1993. *Sha shida zuwa sittin: Abubuwan Tunawa na Mai Tarawa* . New York: Ursus Press. 
* Louisine W. Havemeyer. 1922. *Torch na Zaɓe: Tunawa da Masu Rubuce-rubucen 'Yan Ta'adda* (Mayu), shafi na 1922.&nbsp;528–538.
* Louisine W. Havemeyer. 1922. *Muhimmin Littafin Kurkuku: Tunawa da Masu* Rubuce-rubucen 'Yan Ta'adda (Yuni) shafi na 1922.&nbsp;661–675.
* Alice Cooney Frelinghuysen. 1993. ''Gado Mai Kyau: Tarin Havemeyer'' New York: Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Metropolitan. 

## Manazarta