Mason-Pfizer monkey virus

**Mason-Pfizer virus (M-PMV)**, tsohon Simian retrovirus ( SRV ), wani nau'i ne na virus me saka kanjamau ma'ana kwayar cuta wanda yawanci yana haifar da cutar dake karya garkuwar jiki mai tsanani a cikin macaques na Asiya.. Kwayar cutar ssRNA tana fitowa ne a lokaci-lokaci a ciwon daji da maman na macaques na fursunoni a wuraren kiwo waɗanda ake tsammanin za su zama wanda cutar zata iya kamawa, amma har yanzu ba a san yawan  wannan ƙwayar cuta a cikin macaques ba.  Ana yada M-PMV ta dabi'a ta hanyar ruwan jiki mai dauke da kwayar cuta ( yawu, fitsari, jini , da sauransu), ta hanyar cizo, karcewa, gyaran fuska, da fada. Ketare gurɓatattun kayan aiki ko kayan aiki na iya yada wannan ƙwayar cuta tsakanin dabbobi.

Wasu cututtuka  na asibiti da cututtuka  na M-PMV-cututtukan jariran rhesus macaques sune zawo, ramewa/rage nauyi, girman sefa , lymphadenopathy, rashin jini  , neutropenia, da cututtukan neoplastic (retroperitoneal fibromatosis ko rare B-cell lymphomas). Sabbin birai na Rhesus da suka kamu da cutar na iya haifar da cutar rashin isasshen garkuwar jiki rigakafi tare da cututtuka masu dama.

M-PMV-based vector shine ɗan takara don isar da kwayoyin halitta na warkewa a cikin canja wurin kwayoyin halittar ɗan adam. Dangane da M-PMV 1) yankin mai talla yana ci gaba da aiki a cikin sel na ɗan adam kuma 2) ma'anar jigilar jigilar kayayyaki (CTE) a cikin sel masu manufa yana taimakawa wajen sauƙaƙe fitar da makaman nukiliya don maganin kwayoyin halitta.

## Tarihi
Mason-Pfizer kwayar cutar biri (M-PMV) da aka samo daga  maman birin rhesus macaque mai shekaru 8. a cikin 1970 ta Dr. Harish C. Chopra da Marcus M. Mason. Farkon ganowa ana zargin ƙwayoyin  cutar virus din su zama kwayar cutar da zasu iya saka ciwon daji. saboda kamanceceniya da ƙwayar cutar wadda itama takan kawo ciwon daji. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan gano shi, anyi tunanin cewa M-PMV y hana haifar i da simian AIDS (SAIDs). Duk da haka, binciken da aka yi a yanzu ya nuna cewa M-PMV ba tada alaka da simian immunodeficiency virus(SIV), wanda a halin yanzu an gane shi a matsayin simian takwarar kwayar cutar ta mutum.

M-PMV yanzu na SRV-3 ne. An gano SRV-1 iri na farko a 1980s a cikin rhesus macaque,m.cyclobis, da m. fascicularis a  cibiyar nazarin farko na kasa. (NPRC)a California da New England. An samo SRV serotype-2 a cikin wani nau'i na alade (M. nemestrina), (cynomolgus macaques), (macaque na Japan)  a Washington NPRC, da kuma a cikin rhesus da Celebes black macaques *( [[Macaca nigra|M. nigra]] )* a. Oregon NPRC. 

SRV-3 yana nan a Wisconsin Primate Center, yayin da SRV-4 da SRV-5 aka gano a jamia'r california da Beijing Primate Center. A cikin 2010, ƙungiyar bincike ta Jafananci ta ba da rahoton warewar SRV guda biyu daga macaques na cynomolgus na seropositive kuma aka sanya su a matsayin SRV/D-Tsukuba (SRV/DT). 

A cikin 2011, 'yan wasan foldit  sun taimaka wajen ƙaddamar da tsarin crystal na M-PMV protease retroviral. Yayin da wasan wasan ya kasance don yin wasa na makonni uku, 'yan wasa sun samar da ingantaccen samfurin 3D na enzyme a cikin kwanaki goma kawai, wanda aka yi amfani da shi don warware tsarin tare da maye gurbin kwayoyin halitta.  yadda za a daidaita tsarin enzyme ya zamamma masana kimiyya matsala  har tsawon shekaru 15. Har zuwa 2015, an gano nau'in M-PMV guda bakwai.    

## Rabe rabe
Mason-Pfizer ƙwayoyin birai rukuni ne na VI retrovirus na asalin betaretrovirus na dangin orthoretroviridae . An rarraba M-PMV dangane da kwayar cutar serotype kamar simian retrovirus type 3 (SRV-3).  

Ya bambanta da sauran orthoretroviruses don tarawa na nau'in A-na a cikin cytoplasm da spherical nucleocapsid.  Da zarar an gama haɗuwa a cikin cytosol, sannan ana jigilar barbashi zuwa membrane na plasma don kammala aikin maturation ta hanyar samar da barbashi balagagge (nau'in halittar halittar D). nau'in D sun ƙunshi ƙananan spikes masu yawa kuma sun ƙunshi capsids na icosahedral. 

## Ilimin tsarin kwayoyin halitta
Ilimin ilmin halitta da tsarin kwayoyin halitta

M-PMV wani retrovirus ne na RNA a lullube tare da malullubi  (fuskokin triangular 20 da madaidaitan 12). "nucleic aci" yana lullube a cikin tsakiya mai siffar zobe. Kwayar cutar da ke lullube ta ƙunshi bilayer na lipid wanda aka samo daga ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da takamaiman sunadaran ƙwayoyin cuta.sinadaran matrix yana ɗaure tare da nucleocapsid yayin da yake rufe saman ciki na ambulaf don sauƙaƙe haɗuwar kwayar cutar kwayar cuta da tsarin bullowar.   Matakan tsarin kwafi na retroviral sun haɗa da samuwar Gag barbashi, kai zuwa membrane (abin da aka makala), shiga cikin tantanin halitta, cirewar capsid na viral, sakin kwayoyin halitta, haɓakar sabbin sunadaran ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin nucleic, haɗuwar zuriyar virions, budding, da sake zagayowar hoto.

Kimanin kashi 60% na gaba daya nauyin kwayar cutar virus din ya ƙunshi sunadarai, 35% na lipids, kusan 3% carbohydrate. Reverse transcriptase wanda ya ƙunshi furotin amino acid 1771, gp70 surface 586 aa protein, Pr95 911 aa protein, da kuma furotin Pr78 657 aa. Dangane da tsarinsa, M-PMV yana kula da formaldehyde, zazzabi mai zafi (zafi), da kuma kayan wanka. 

M-PMV ya ƙunshi nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta iri biyu. Daya samu a cikin cytoplasm da kuma sauran an samu extracellular. Barbashi na intracytoplasmic (A-type) ƙanana ne, sifofin zobe, kuma 70 mµ a diamita. virions da aka fi samu a cikin tari a cikin cytoplasm kuma an lulluɓe da membrane na plasma a saman tantanin halitta. . Kwayoyin da ba su balaga ba suna toho a cikin salula kuma ba a ɗaukar su masu kamuwa da cuta. Bayan kammala budding, ɓangarorin da ba su balaga ba suna jurewa tsarin maturation (nau'in D) don samun kamuwa da cuta. Abubuwan da balagagge balagaggu sun kai 125 nm a diamita, yayin da nucleoid da core-harsashi ne tsakiyar cylindrical Tsarin rabu da sarari na kusan 8-10 nm. 

## Tsarin kwayoyin Halitta
M-PMV genome ya ƙunshi dimer na linzamin mike , RNA mai madauri ɗaya.  Haɗe-haɗen provirus mai cikakken jerin kwayoyin halitta wanda ya ƙunshi 8,557 nucleotides a tsayi, 349 bp LTRs guda biyu, da rubutun kwayoyin halittar suna haifar da kwayar halittar RNA na 7,943 nucleotides. 

## Manazarta