Mutanen Gurunsi

**Gurunsi**, ko **Grunshi**, ƙungiyoyin ƙabilu ne masu alaƙa da ke zaune a arewacin Ghana da kudanci da tsakiyar Burkina Faso.

## Tarihin mulkin mallaka da asali

Al'adun baka na Gurunsi sun yi ittifaqin cewa sun samo asali ne daga yammacin Sudan da ke ratsa yankin Sahel. Duk da yake ba a san lokacin da hijirar ta faru ba, an yi imanin cewa Gurunsi sun kasance a wurin da kuma suke a yanzu kafin 1100 AD. Bayan karni na 15, lokacin da aka kafa jihohin Mossi a arewa, mahaya dawakan Mossi sukan kai hari yankunan Gurunsi domin bayi, amma al'ummar Gurunsi ba su taba samun galaba a kansu ba, sun kasance masu cin gashin kansu.

A cewar likita Salif Titamba Lankoande, a cikin *Noms de famille (Patronymes) au Burkina Faso*, sunan Gurunsi ya fito ne daga yaren Djerma na Nijar kalmomin "Guru-si", wanda ke nufin "ƙarfe ba ya shiga". An ce a lokacin da Djerma ta mamaye yankunan Gurunsi a karshen ƙarni na 19, wani jagoran jihadi na Djerma mai suna Baba Ato Zato (wanda aka fi sani da cin hanci da rashawa da sunan sa na Hausa: Babatu) ya dauki bataliyar ’yan asalin kasar aikin soja. , wadanda bayan sun sha magungunan gargajiya, an ce ba sa iya kamuwa da iron. Sun kafa Masarautar Zabarima a cikin Gurunsiland, wadda ta kunshi arewacin Ghana da kudancin Burkina Faso.

## Rarraba
Mutanen da ke magana da harsunan Gur da yaruka masu alaƙa da Mossi a ƙarƙashin laima na Gurunsi sun kafa ƙauyen ƙauye waɗanda akasari aka tsara a matsayin mafakar tsaro daga mazaunin Koudougou yamma da arewa maso yammacin Ouagadougou a lokacin mulkin mallaka zuwa arewa maso gabashin Ghana a halin yanzu. . A tarihi, waɗannan ƙabilun sun kasance talakawan masarautun Mossi. Wannan yanki ya zama a karshen shekarun 1890 na wani bangare uku na gasar da aka yi tsakanin sojojin mulkin mallaka na Faransa, Birtaniya, da Jamusawa, inda suke kokarin fatattakar shugabannin yaki na Djerma da kuma yakar al'ummar yankin masu fama da yaki wadanda suka yi tsayin daka don tabbatar da 'yancin cin gashin kansu, yayin da suke kokarin ganin sun yi nasara. yunƙurin mamaye yankuna da yawa gwargwadon iko tare da kashe abokan hamayyar 'yan mulkin mallaka. Kowanne daga cikin ukun ya yi ikirarin wani yanki na yankin da kauyukan Gurunsi suka mamaye, amma ba a kawo karshen gasar da ake yi tsakanin ‘yan mulkin mallaka ba sai a shekarar karshe ta karni na 19. Bayan kafa kariyar Yatenga (1895) da Ouagadougou (1896), Faransa ta mamaye ƙasar Gurunsi a cikin 1897. Daga ƙarshe Jamusawa sun janye zuwa Togoland (Gana na zamani da Togo), kuma yarjejeniyar 1898 Anglo-Faransa ta kafa iyaka da Zinariya a hukumance. Coast (yanzu Ghana). Wannan bangare ya raba al'ummar Gurunsi tsakanin tsarin gudanarwa na Faransa da Biritaniya, tare da sauƙaƙe bambancin siyasa da al'adu na ƙananan ƙungiyoyi a kowane gefen iyaka.

## Ƙungiyoyin Gurunsi
Ana amfani da kalmar Gurunsi azaman kalmar meta don komawa ga ƙungiyar mutane masu sassaucin ra'ayi. Ƙungiyoyin da aka ware a matsayin Gurunsi ba su da harshe ɗaya kuma suna da al'adu daban-daban. Wasu daga cikin manyan kabilun Gurunsi sun hada da Frafra, Nabt da Talensi a Ghana da kuma Ko, Lyele, Nuni da Sisaala a Burkina Faso. Ƙungiyoyin Kassena da Nankani suna zaune a Ghana da Burkina Faso.

## Fasaha da gine-gine
An san mutanen Kassena da gidajen yumbu waɗanda maza suka gina kuma mata suka yi musu ado a waje tare da tsarin geometric.

## Manazarta

## Littafi Mai Tsarki

* Bayili, Blaise. *Religion, droit et pouvoir au Burkina Faso. Les Lyele du Burkina Faso*. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1998.
* Duperray, Anne M. *Les Gourounsi de Haute Volta.* *Conquête et colonisation, 1896-1933*. Stuttgart: Steiner, 1984.
* Jacob, Jean-Pierre. *Le sens des limites: maladie, sorcellerie, religion et pouvoir chez les Winye, Gourounsi du Burkina Faso*. Neuchâtel: Faculté des lettres [Thèse de doctorat], 1988.
* Levtzion, Nehemia. *Muslims and Chiefs in West Africa*. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968.
* Tauxier, Louis. *Le noir du Soudan, pays mossi et gourounsi*. Paris: Emile Larose, 1912.
* Tauxier, Louis. *Nouvelles notes sur le Mossi et le Gourounsi*. Paris: Emile Larose, 1924.