Sarautar Musulunci ta Kano

**Sarautar Musulunci ta Kano** Masarautar Hausa ce da ke, arewacin ￼￼Najeriya￼￼ a yanzu wacce ta samo asali tun shekara ta 1349, lokacin da Sarkin Kano Ali Yaji (1349-1385), ya rusa kungiyar Tsumbubra, ya shelanta Kano a matsayin Sarkin Musulmi. Kafin 1000 AD, Kano tana sarauta a matsayin Masarautar Hausa. Sarautar Sarkin Musulmi ta kasance har zuwa lokacin da Fulani suka yi jihadi a shekarar 1805 da kuma kashe Sarkin Kano na karshe a shekarar 1807. Daga nan sai aka maye gurbin Sarkin Musulmi da Masarautar Kano, a ƙarƙashin Daular Sakkwato. Babban birnin yanzu shine birnin Kano na zamani a jihar Kano.

## Wuri
Kano tana arewacin yankin Jos Plateau, da ke yankin Savanna na Sudan da ke kudancin yankin Sahel . Garin yana kusa da inda kogunan Kano da Challawa da ke kwararowa daga kudu maso yamma suka hadu suka kafa kogin Hadejia, wanda daga karshe ya ratsa tafkin Chadi zuwa gabas. Yanayin yana zafi duk shekara. Ruwan sama yana canzawa, daga 350mm zuwa 1,300mm kowace shekara tare da ma'ana a kusa da 950mm, kusan duk yana faɗuwa a lokacin Yuni-Satumba. A al'adance noma ya dogara ne akan ɗaga ruwa don ban ruwa da ƙananan fakitin filaye tare da magudanar ruwa a lokacin rani, wanda aka sani da tsarin Shadouf. A lokacin da mulkin ke bunƙasa, da rufin bishiya ya yi yawa kuma ƙasar ba ta ƙasƙanta fiye da yadda take a yau.

## Tarihin farko
Sanin mu na tarihin farko na Kano ya fito ne daga littafin tarihin Kano, tarin al'adun baka da wasu tsofaffin takardu da aka yi a karni na sha tara, da kuma binciken binciken kayan tarihi da aka gudanar kwanan nan.

A karni na 7, tsaunin Dala, wani tudu a Kano, ya kasance wurin da al'ummar da ke yin aikin karfe. Ba a sani ba ko waɗannan Hausawa ne ko kuma masu magana da harsunan Nijar–Congo .  Wasu majiyoyi sun ce mafarauta ne da aka fi sani da Abagayawa da suka yi hijira daga Gaya .  Balarabe masanin al-Yaqubi, ya rubuta a shekara ta 872/873 CE (AH 259), ya bayyana wata masarauta da ake kira "HBShH" mai wani gari mai suna "ThBYR" wanda wani sarki mai suna "MRH" ya yi mulki (babu ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan kalmomi da aka fadi, don haka nasu. ainihin lafazi na iya bambanta), wanda ke tsakanin Niger Bend da Masarautar Kanem.  Idan an kira sunan masarauta da sunan “Habasha” zai yi daidai da sauran rubutun larabci waɗanda su ma ake magana da harshen Hausa, kuma za su kasance farkon maganar yankin Hausa.

Asalinsu Kano ana kiranta Dala, bayan tudu, kuma ana kiranta da ita a ƙarshen ƙarni na 15 da farkon 16 daga majiyoyin Borno .  Littafin tarihin Kano ya bayyana Barbushe, limamin ruhin Dalla, a matsayin mazaunin farko na birnin.  ( Elizabeth Isichei ta lura cewa bayanin Barbushe yayi kama da na mutanen Sao . )  Kamar yadda tarihin Kano ya nuna, Bagauda jikan jarumi Bayajidda ne, ya zama sarkin Hausawa na farko a Kano a shekara ta 999, ya yi sarauta har zuwa 1063.      Jikansa, Gijimasu (1095–1134), sarki na uku, ya fara gina katangar birni a gindin tsaunin Dalla, kuma ɗan Gijimasu, Tsaraki (1136–1194), sarki na biyar, ya kammala su a zamanin mulkinsa.  Iyalan Bagauda sun ci gaba da faɗaɗa masarautar ta hanyar mamaye yankunan da ke kusa. Sun kafa masarautu masu yawa, masu laƙabi da suka fara da "Ɗan", wanda mafi mahimmancin su shine "Ɗan Iya".  

## Tashin masarautar Musulimci
Ali Yaji (1349-1385), ya karbi Musulunci daga mutanen da ake kira ' Wangarawa ', ƙabilar Soninke daga Mali . Daga nan sai ya bar ƙungiyar Tsumbubura, babbar ƙungiyar ubangidan Kano. Littafin Kano Chronicle ya ce, a wajajen shekara ta 1350 kungiyar Cult of Tsumbubura, wadda take a Tudun Santolo, ta yi wa Yaji tawaye. An yi yakin basasa, wanda ya kai ga yakin Santolo . Bayan nasarar da Ali Yaji ya samu, sai ya yunƙura da yaƙi. Ya ci Rano, ya kai Kano, ya kaddamar da yaƙin neman zaɓe cikin nasara a yankin Kwararafa .  Littafin Kano Chronicle ya ce, a zamanin Kanejeji (1390-1410) ƙungiyar asiri ta Tsumbubura ta sake dawowa na dan lokaci, bayan ta ƙasa kwantar da *Zukzuk*, mahaifar masarautar Zauzau, Kanajeji ya koma Hausa Animism, ya gabatar da dawakai masu sulke. *Lifidi* da amfani da su, ya yi nasarar *fatattakar Zukzuk* da suka mamaye birnin Turunku. A zamanin Umaru Kanejeji (1410-1421), Sufi Islam ya fara shiga Kano, littafin tarihin Kano ya tuna da zamanin Umaru a matsayin mulkin zaman lafiya da wadata, ya maido da Sarautar Sarkin Musulmi ya kuma ƙarfafa cibiyoyin addini da Sufanci. Mulkin magadansa; Daud da Abdullahi Burja mai yiwuwa sun yi daidai da hawan Amina Sukera, Kasancewar Turunku ( *Zariya ta zamani* ) ta kasance ƙarƙashin suzerainty ta Kano, ya nuna cewa sultan tatsuniyar da aka fi sani da Sarauniya Amina, wacce ta kafa Zariya ta zamani, ta kasance hamshakin gidan Gijimasu.

## Masarautar Kano
A zamanin Muhammadu Rumfa, Sarkin Musulmi ya yi nasarar tabbatar da ƴancin kai lokacin da Sarkin Musulmi ya dauki ƴar Askiya mai girma; Auwa a matsayin matarsa, daga baya a tawayen Kanta na Kebbi a kan Songhai ya ba da damar masarautar ta yi yunkurin fadadawa a tsoffin jihohin Songhai. Daga baya Auwa ta zama Madaki ta farko a Kano kuma ta jagoranci danta; Muhammadu Kisoki don tabbatar da Daular Kano ta Farko. A zamaninsa, an ce Sarkin Kano ya yi mulkin kasar Hausa gaba daya.  Duk Abubakar Kado (1565–73) da Muhammadu Shashere (1573–82) sun yi yunƙurin murƙushe Borno amma abin ya ci tura, duk da haka sun ci gaba da riƙe Kano a kan sauran ƙasar Hausa da Kwararrafa. Daular ta kasance har zuwa zamanin Muhammadu Nazaki (1618-23). An yi nuni da raguwar kasuwanci a duk faɗin ƙasar Sudan mai yuwuwa sakamakon gurɓacewar muhalli a matsayin dalili, tsoffin biranen kamar Wadan da sauran garuruwan Songhai sun fuskanci irin wannan bala'i.

## Gidan Kutumbi
Muhammadu Kutumbi shi ne Sarkin Kano na ƙarshe da ya shugabanci daularta. A cikin mulkinsa, tawaye da yawa sun durƙusa daular a hankali, ya rasa ransa a yunƙurin murkushe wani a Katsina a 1648. A zamanin Muhammadu Shekarau (1649-51) Kano ta rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin zaman lafiya da galibin yankunanta na da. Duk da haka, zaman lafiya ya fallasa gidan Kutumbi ga abubuwan ban mamaki na cikin gida. A shekarar 1652, aka yi wa Muhammadu Kukuna juyin mulki wanda daga karshe ya kai ga yakin basasar Kano na biyu. A lokacin da aka dawo da shi tattalin arzikin masarautar ya taɓarɓare matuka.

## Ragewa da Faɗuwa
A cikin shekarun 1700, dangin Fula, waɗanda suka sami ƙarfin gwiwa saboda nasarar da suka samu a Takrur da yankin Futa, sun fara tabbatar da iko a galibin yammacin Afirka ta Sudan. A Kano, dangin da suka fi kowa ƙarfi; Su Jobawa sun samu kwanciyar hankali da zama a majalisar jiha mai iko da aka fi sani da Taran Kano. Sauran dangi duk da haka suna kokawa da sultanate don samun iko. Tabarbarewar tattalin arziki ya tilasta wa sarakunan da suka gaje su kara haraji har ta kai ga kabilar Abzinawa suna barin Kano.

Kamar yadda littafin tarihin Kano ya nuna, Mohammed Sharef (1703-1731) da magajinsa, Kumbari dan Sharefa (1731-1743), dukkansu sun yi fadace-fadace da Fula. A karshe Fulani a karkashin Daular Sokoto suka kafa mulki a lokacin da Muhammadu Bakatsine, shugaban kabilar Jobe na Fulani ya tayar wa Muhammadu Alwali Ibn Yaji, Sarkin Kano na karshe. A 1805 kuma aka kashe shi a 1807, Kano ta zama masarauta a Sokoto . 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin Sarakunan Kano
* Daular Bagauda
* *[[Tarihin Kano]]*

## Manazarta