Mbongeni Ngema

**Mbongeni Ngema** (10 ga Mayu 1955 - 27 ga Disamba 2023) marubucin wasan kwaikwayo ne na Afirka ta Kudu, mawaƙi, darektan, mai tsara wasan kwaikwayo, kuma mai shirya wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka fi sani da rubuce-rubuce na wasan kwaikwayo na 1981 *Woza Albert!* kuma tare da rubuce-rubuce (tare da Hugh Masekela) na 1988 na *Sarafina!*. An san shi da wasan kwaikwayo da ke nuna ruhun baƙar fata na Afirka ta Kudu a ƙarƙashin wariyar launin fata, kuma ya sami yabo sosai saboda aikinsa, amma kuma ya kasance batun rikice-rikice da yawa. Ya mutu a hatsarin mota a ranar 27 ga Disamba 2023.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Mbongeni Ngema a ranar 10 ga Mayu 1955  a Verulam, Natal (kusa da Durban), ta uku cikin 'ya'ya bakwai na Gladys Hadebe da Zwehethalikbantu Ngema . Zwelikhethabantu dan sanda ne wanda aka haife shi a ƙauyen eNhlwathi, a kwaHlabisa, a wajen Mtubatuba, kuma an ajiye shi a Verulam . Wannan yanki ne na Indiya, amma akwai mazauna Baƙar fata da yawa. Bayan Dokar Yankin Ƙungiya ta 1950, an sake rarraba Verulam ga Indiyawa kawai, don haka an sake komawa baƙar fata na Afirka, gami da 'ya'yan sanda, zuwa kwaHlabisa, don zama tare da kakan su. A can Mbongeni da 'yan uwansa sun rayu a cikin karkara, suna tashi da wuri don kula da dabbobi kafin makaranta, wanda ya halarta har zuwa Standard Six .

Ya koma Verulam sannan Durban don halartar manyan makarantu daban-daban. A Umlazi, ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Vukuzakhe, amma ya fita a shekararsa ta ƙarshe kuma ya fara buga kiɗa a cikin ƙungiyoyin gida. Ya koya wa kansa yin wasa da guitar, wanda mahaifinsa ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi.

## Ayyuka
Ngema ya koma Johannesburg,  da farko yana aiki a masana'antar taki. A can ya buga goyon bayan guitar don samar da ma'aikata, sannan aka nemi ya cika wani ɗan wasan kwaikwayo wanda ya yi rashin lafiya. Ya shiga kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo na Gibson Kente  a matsayin mawaƙi da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, [1] kuma an fallasa shi ga aikin Stanislavski, Peter Brook da Jerzy Grotowski.  Ya yi aiki a cikin shirye-shiryen gida a cikin shekarun 1970s. Daga baya ya zama marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, marubucin allo, da kuma marubucin littafi.

Ya zama sananne a cikin 1980s bayan haɗin gwiwar rubuta wasan kwaikwayo / wasan kwaikwayo *Woza Albert!* tare da ɗan wasan wasan kwaikwayo Percy Mtwa  (1981; ya ziyarci Amurka 1984)  da kuma *Sarafina mai lambar yabo da yawa!* (wanda ya gabata 1988). Ya yi rubuce-rubuce game da shi kuma an san shi da wakilcin ruhin Baƙar fata Afirka ta Kudu a ƙarƙashin mulkin wariyar launin fata.  

Bayan ya kafa kamfaninsa na wasan kwaikwayo, Committed Artists, Ngema ya horar da samari waɗanda ba su da ƙwarewa a wasan kwaikwayo. Ya rubuta kuma a cikin 1983 ya ba da umarnin samar da kiɗa na kurkuku *Asinamali*, wanda, ba da daɗewa ba bayan wasan kwaikwayo na farko a Afirka ta Kudu 'yan sanda da' yan wasan kwaikwayo suka kama shi. Labarin ya samo asali ne daga sanannen yajin aikin haya a wani gari na Durban, kuma ya zagaya Birnin New York, ya fara a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Roger Furman kuma an zabi shi don Kyautar Tony.  An shirya wasan kwaikwayo a duniya a wurare daban-daban, gami da Ostiraliya   tare da samar da 2024 mai zuwa a Afirka ta Kudu a bikin zane-zane na kasa. An fitar da fim din na kiɗa a cikin 2017, wanda aka rubuta tare, wanda Ngema ya jagoranta, wanda ya fito a matsayin Comrade Washington .

## Manazarta