Dornach (Mulhouse)

**Dornach** na ɗaya daga cikin manyan gundumomi masu wadata  na Mulhouse intra muros, iyaka da Morschwiller-le-Bas da Lutterbach . Tsohon yanki ne wanda ya samo sunansa daga Celts, sunan da Romawa daga baya suka Latinized zuwa Durnacum kuma suka zama Jamusanci zuwa Dornach. Dornach ya taɓa zama gari mai cin gashin kansa, kuma na dogon lokaci ya yi aiki a matsayin ƙauyen iyaka tsakanin Jamhuriyar Mulhouse mai zaman kanta da Upper Alsace (wanda ya kasance wani ɓangare), wanda ke ƙarƙashin mulkin Faransa da Jamus. Saboda haka, gida ne ga Yahudawa da Katolika na gida, waɗanda ba za su iya zama a yankin Jamhuriyar Mulhouse ba saboda karɓar addinin Calvinist na musamman.

A cikin shekarar 1908, a ƙarƙashin Daular Jamus, garin, wanda yawan jama'arsa ya karu sosai a cikin karni na 19 godiya ga ci gaban masana'antu, ya nemi a haɗa shi da Mulhouse, saboda ba zai iya magance matsalolin da ke tattare da ci gaban birane ba. Haɗin ya fara aiki a shekara ta 1914, shekarar da gundumar ta kasance wurin yakin Dornach . Tsohon gundumar masana'antu ta Dornach ta Brustlein ta zama cikakken gundumar Mulhouse, yayin da gundumar Daguerre, da ke cikin yankuna biyu, ta kasance tare, kuma Birnin Mulhouse ya yi amfani da ɓangarorin da ba a inganta su ba na garin don gina gundumar Haut-Poirier (Illberg da Bel Air) da gundumar Coteaux. Tsohon ƙauyen da ke yammacin layin jirgin ƙasa na Strasbourg → Basel, wanda ke tsakanin filin wasan Dornach da garin Lutterbach, ya zama gundumar Mulhouse ta Dornach, wanda ya ɗauki iyakokinta na yanzu.

A farkon ƙarni na 21, Dornach ya riƙe tsarin birni na ƙauyen, yana mai da shi yanki mai kyau. Kusa da babban yankin cin kasuwa, makarantun jami'o'i biyu da wuraren shakatawa na kasuwanci guda biyu, haɗe da babbar hanyar mota da tashar jirgin ƙasa (Zu-Rhein, Mulhouse-Dornach da Musées) da kuma kasancewar titin (Line 3, Mulhouse Vallée de la Thur tram-train) sun kara inganta wannan roko. A ƙarshen ƙarni na 20 da farkon ƙarni na 21 an yi alama da ci gaban Mulhouse Technology Crescent mai faɗaɗa zuwa arewa, kudu, da yammacin gundumar.

## Yanayin ƙasa
Gundumar Dornach tana yammacin Mulhouse. Wani kogi na Kogin Dollar, Steinbaechlein, yana gudana ta cikin gundumar, bayan an yi amfani da shi a karni na 19 lokacin da aka gina yankin.

### Sufuri
Gundumar tana aiki da tashar jirgin kasa ta Mulhouse-Dornach da kuma sufuri na jama'a a yankin Mulhouse.

### Garuruwa da gundumomi makwabta

### Toponymy
Yaren mutanen Albarka: Durni. An samo shi daga Turnach (1250) daga Gallo-Roman etymon Turnacum, ma'ana "inda akwai tashi a ƙasa". Wannan kalmar tana da ma'anar iri ɗaya da Tournay da Tournai (Doornik) a Belgium.

## Tarihi
Shaidar aikin Dornach ya samo asali ne daga zamanin Neolithic, tare da sassaƙa da gatari da aka gano a ƙarƙashin Illberg. Ragowar daga lokutan Hallstatt da La Tène sun haɗa da kaburbura, fibulae na Vilannovian, tsabar kudi na Gallic, da sauran abubuwa. Romawa sun Latinized sunan Durnachos zuwa Durnacum ko Turnacum . A lokacin manyan mamayewa, Alamanni da Franks sun mamaye yankin, wadanda suka sanya sunan zuwa Turnich, Durnich, Durnach, kuma a ƙarshe Dornach.

### Zamanin Tsakiya
A tsakiyar zamanai, ƙauyen Dornach na gidan ibada na Murbach ne, wanda ya ba shi a matsayin gado ga dangin mai daraja da ke ɗauke da sunan Dornach . 

### Renaissance
A farkon karni na 15, dangin de Dornach sun mutu. Mai gadon gado, Vérène, ta auri Hertrich II Zu Rhein . Masarautar Dornach ta kasance a hannun Zu Rheins har zuwa juyin juya halin Faransa. Yaƙin Shekaru talatin ya hallaka ƙauyen, wanda ya faɗi daga mazauna 200 a farkon rikici zuwa 18 ko 20 a ƙarshen yaƙin. Lokacin da aka sanya hannu kan zaman lafiya, an sake gina Dornach.

### A cikin karni na 19

Masana'antu na farko na Mulhouse ba da daɗewa ba ya yi tasiri a ƙauyen. A Dornach ne aka shigar da injin tururi na farko a cikin 1812. Tare da Steinbaechlein, masana'antun masana'antu sun kafa shagon: Blech-Fries, DollfusMieg et Cie, Hofer da Schlumberger, Thierry-Mieg au Brustlein. Louis René Villermé ya ziyarci Dornach don rubuta Tebur na yanayin jiki da halin kirki na ma'aikatan da ke aiki a masana'antun auduga, ulu da siliki, wanda aka buga a 1840. A ciki, ya bayyana yanayin aiki na ma'aikata a masana'antun gari."A Mulhouse, a Dornach, aikin ya fara da karfe biyar na safe kuma ya ƙare da karfe ise na yamma, lokacin rani da hunturu iri ɗaya. [...] Dole ne ku ga su suna zuwa gari kowace safiya kuma suna barin kowane maraice. Daga cikinsu akwai dangi mai launin fata, mata masu laushi, suna tafiya tsirara a tsakiyar laka waɗanda, saboda rashin laima, su sa tufafinsu ko petticoats a kan kawunansu lokacin da aka ambata ko kuma suna rufe su, don kare su da kullun, dole ne su, su, su da aka rufe su da kullun a kan rigarsu, dukansu, su, dukansu suna ɗaukar datti a kan riguna, dukansu sun fi dacewa, suna rufe su da aka ambata, suna rufe da aka rufe da su da su, duk abin da suke da suka fi dacewa, dukansu.Ya kuma bayyana masaukin ma'aikata: "Na ga a cikin Mulhouse, Dornach da gidajen da ke kusa, gidaje marasa kyau inda iyalai biyu kowannensu ke barci a kusurwa, a kan kara da aka jefa a ƙasa kuma an riƙe su tare da allon biyu.... Rashin jin daɗi da ma'aikatan masana'antar auduga a cikin sashen Haut-Rhin ke rayuwa yana da zurfi sosai har ya haifar da mummunan sakamako cewa, yayin da a cikin iyalai na masana'antun, 'yan kasuwa, masu zane-zane, da manajojin masana'antu, rabin yara sun kai shekaru ashirin da ɗaya, wannan rabin ya daina wanzuwa kafin shekaru biyu a cikin iyaalan masu saƙa da ma'aikata."

An kafa kamfanin daukar hoto na Adolphe Braun a Dornach a shekara ta 1853.  Ya zama cibiyar masana'antu a 1862. Ba da daɗewa ba sunansa ya bazu a duniya, godiya ga sake fasalin ayyukan fasaha da ke cikin manyan gidajen tarihi na Turai. Yawan jama'a ya karu da sauri: 160 a cikin 1764, 500 a cikin 1789, 900 a cikin 1813, 3,000 a cikin 1851, 11,234 a cikin 1913.

### A cikin karni na 20
A ranar 19 ga watan Agusta, 1914, Dornach, sabon gundumar Mulhouse,  ya kasance a tsakiyar daya daga cikin yaƙe-yaƙe na farko na Yaƙin Duniya na I. A ranar 8 ga watan Agustan, bisa ga Shirin XVII, sojojin Faransa sun shiga Mulhouse. Amma birnin ya koma hannun Jamus bayan kwana biyu. Yaƙi mai tsanani ya ɓarke a Illzach tare da tashar jirgin ƙasa. A ranar 18 ga watan Agusta, sojojin Faransa sun ci gaba da kai farmaki. Jamusawa da Faransanci sun fuskanci fuska a Dornach washegari. Yaƙin Dornach ya fara. Sojojin Faransa sun harbe adadi mai yawa na harsashi a cikin gidajen Dornach don tallafawa ci gaban sojojinsu. Da karfe 5 na yamma, sojojin Faransa sun mallaki Mulhouse. An kashe daruruwan mutane kuma sun ji rauni a bangarorin biyu. Sojojin Faransa sun bar Mulhouse a ranar 25 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1914. A lokacin yakin, masana'antun sinadarai na Dornach sun samar da iskar gas ga sojojin Jamus. Jirgin saman Faransa ya jefa musu bam a watan Nuwamba 19158. A cewar jaridar Le Miroir, ma'aikata 42, manajan masana'antu, da kuma wani kwamandan Jamus sun sha wahala saboda iskar gas da suke samarwa9. An yi amfani da shi ta hanyar titin titin, jirgin kasa, da babbar hanya kuma kusa da manyan wuraren masana'antu, Dornach duk da haka ya riƙe tsarin birni "kamar ƙauye", yana mai da shi yanki mai kyau. Daga ƙarshen karni na 20 zuwa gaba, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan unguwanni biyu na Mulhouse,  wanda ke jan hankalin mazauna daga rukunin masu arziki.

## Al'ummomin addini

### Al'ummar Yahudawa
Har zuwa shekara ta 1798, an hana Yahudawa zama a Mulhouse. Sun zauna a cikin yankunan da ke kewaye, kamar Dornach . A cikin shekara ta 1798, al'ummar Yahudawa na birnin sun tsara Memorbuch . Ya ƙunshi addu'o'i don tunawa da wadanda aka tsananta a Jamus, Austria, Bohemia, Spain, Poland da Holland. A cikin karni na 19, al'umma ta ci gaba da girma. An gina sabon majami'a, wanda yanzu aka watsar, a 1851 bisa ga tsare-tsaren Jean-Baptiste Schacre, masanin gine-gine na birnin Mulhouse. Wani fasalin musamman na majami'ar Dornach shine kasancewar ƙaramin rami, wanda ke tsakanin Almémor da Akwatin Mai Tsarki kuma an cika shi a shekarar 1959. A watan Yunin 1940, yayin da suka fuskanci ci gaban sojojin Jamus, Yahudawa da yawa sun tsere daga Mulhouse da gundumar Dornach. Nazis sun kori wadanda suka kasance a watan Satumba.

### Al'ummar Furotesta
Haikali na Dornach a kan rue Schoepflin shine wurin ibada ga al'ummar Protestant Reformed. Ikilisiyar Furotesta ta Dornach ta haɗa da Furotesta daga Dornach, Heimsbrunn, Lutterbach, Morschwiller-le-Bas, da Reiningue.

### Al'ummar Katolika
Al'ummar Ikklisiya ta Coteaux de l'Illberg tana tallafawa majami'u da yawa na Katolika a yankin, gami da Ikilisiyar Saint Barthélemy a Rue du Château Zu-Rhein .

## Yawan jama'a

## Manyan gidajen tarihi
Cité du Train da Musée Electropolis, sanannun gidajen tarihi guda biyu a duniya, suna arewacin gundumar. Tsohon shine mafi girman gidan kayan gargajiya na jirgin kasa a Turai,  yayin da ƙarshen shine mafi girman wurin kayan gargajiya na Turai na tarihin wutar lantarki da kayan gida.

A cikin 1961, birnin Mulhouse ya ba da gudummawar ƙasa a Dornach don ba da damar SNCF don nuna kayan aiki mai wakiltar tarihinta. A ranar 14 ga Oktoba, 1969, an kafa "Association du Musée Français du Chemin de Fer".

A shekara ta 1992, an kirkiro Gidan Tarihi na Electropolis, godiya ga wani bangare na tallafin EDF, don adana tsakiya na nune-nunen daga lalacewa: ainihin injin tururi mai aiki daga 1901, haɗe da Sulzer-BBC alternator, lu'u-lu'u a cikin kambin al'adun fasaha da masana'antu na Mulhouse. Yana da tsawon mita 15, yana da nauyin tan 170 na baƙin ƙarfe, ƙarfe, da jan ƙarfe, kuma yana da motar diamita 6 m. Tsakanin 1901 da 1947, ya samar da kilowatts 900 na wutar lantarki a 400 volts zuwa tarihin masana'antar masana'antu ta D.M.C. ta Mulhouse. Shaida ga zamanin baje kolin duniya na farko, ya ɗauki sa'o'i 20,000 na aikin sabuntawa don sake dawo da shi kuma yana gudana kowace rana don sauti da haske.

## Gidan shakatawa na Jar Teku
Parc de la Mer Rouge wurin shakatawa ne na kasuwanci wanda aka kirkira a shekarar 1984, galibi don kamfanonin sabis.

## Duba kuma

* Mulhouse
* Ma'adinin kwal na Saint-Joseph
* Morschwiller-le-Bas

## Manazarta


## Bayani