Kashi na cin abinci

**Kashi na cin abinci** shine ma'auni na gurɓataccen kuma ana iya amfani dashi wajen ƙaddamar da tasirin lafiyar muhalli na tushen gurɓata. Kashi na cin abinci shine rabo na yawan gurbataccen abu da aka sha ko kuma ya sha zuwa yawan gurbatacce da aka fitar. A al'ada, masana kimiyya da masu tsara manufofi sun yi amfani da hanyar da aka tsara don rage tasirin kiwon lafiya daga gurɓataccen yanayi. Wato, sun gano manyan masu samar da gurɓataccen abubuwa daban-daban kuma sun yi aiki don rage yawan gurɓatawar da aka fitar. Binciken fallasawa, wanda kuma ake kira bincike na fallasawa ne, kimiyya ce mai karɓa, kuma masu aiki a wannan fagen suna mai da hankali kan tushen gurbataccen abu wanda ke haifar da mafi girman fallasa mutum. Ana iya amfani da ka'idoji iri ɗaya don tantance tasirin gurɓataccen abu a kan kwayoyin da ba na ɗan adam ba, amma yawancin masu sharhi suna mai da hankali kan mutane.

## Ma'anar
Kashi na cin abinci shine jimlar gurbataccen abu da duk mutanen da aka fallasa suka sha ko kuma suka sha a cikin wani lokaci, ta hanyar jimlar gurɓataccen abu da aka fitar. Za'a iya raba ɓangaren cin abinci zuwa abubuwan da ke gano takamaiman tushen gurɓataccen abu, hanya, kafofin watsa labarai, da ƙarancin mutanen da aka fallasa. Misali, masu tsara manufofi na iya sha'awar jimlar tarin mercury da aka fitar ta hanyar wani takamaiman Janareta na lantarki wanda mazauna da ke zaune a ƙasa da Matsayin talauci a cikin wani gari suka sha a cikin ruwa.

Ta hanyar lissafi, ana iya wakiltar kashi na cin abinci ta hanyar yawan gurbataccen cin abinci da aka raba ta hanyar gurbataccen gurbataccen da aka fitar:

Kashi na Abinci = Mass na Abinci na Abinci (wanda aka tara akan duk mutanen da aka fallasa) / Mass na Abinda aka fitar

## Ƙaddamarwa
Aunawa kai tsaye na kashi na cin abinci zai yiwu ne kawai a cikin takamaiman yanayi, ƙananan sikelin. Misali, auna kai tsaye na carbon monoxide daga Mai dumama sararin samaniya a cikin ƙaramin gida tare da mazauna uku za a iya cimma shi idan kowannensu ya yi amfani da mai saka idanu na CO. Yawancin yanayi na sha'awa suna da rikitarwa sosai don auna kai tsaye kuma ana amfani da ƙirar don kimanta kashi na cin abinci. Misalan suna la'akari da yawan gurbataccen da aka saki daga tushe, nesa a kwance da tsaye tsakanin ma'anar fitarwa da mutanen da aka fallasa, yanayin yanayi don tushen waje, yawan mutanen da aka nuna, da kuma lokacin fallasa ga waɗannan mutane.

## Aikace-aikacen
Tasirin kiwon lafiya na tushen gurbatawa na iya wakiltar samfurin jimlar gurbatawa da aka fitar, ɓangaren cin abinci na gurbatawa, da guba na gurbataccen. A cikin nau'in daidaituwa:

Tasirin Lafiya = Jimlar Mass da aka fitar * Rashin cin abinci * Toxicity 

Masu tsara manufofi na iya amfani da kashi na cin abinci daga tushe daban-daban na gurbatawa don sanin wane tushe zai samar da mafi girman dawowa akan saka hannun jari don rage gurbatawa. Misali, wurin hako mai na iya fitar da mafi yawan gurbataccen abu fiye da tashar mai. Koyaya, idan hakowar mai tana kan dandamali mai nisan kilomita 10 daga bakin teku kuma tashar mai tana cikin birni, to mutane kalilan ne za su fallasa gurbataccen da aka fitar. Ƙananan raguwa a cikin hayaki daga tashar mai na iya haifar da raguwa mafi girma a tasirin kiwon lafiya fiye da raguwa mai girma a dandalin mai.

Masu tsara manufofi na iya sha'awar kwatanta kashi na cin abinci tsakanin kungiyoyi daban-daban a cikin jama'a don tantance Adalci na muhalli. Misali, yana iya zama mai ban sha'awa a tantance kashi na masu karamin karfi na mazauna gari da mazauna garin masu karamin kudi.

## Manazarta

* Bayyanawa Bayyanawa ta Wayne Ott, Anne Steinemann, da Lance Wallace, Taylor & Francis.
* Rarrabawar kashi na cin abinci don tushen VOC na cikin gida a cikin biranen Turai guda biyar. Ilacqua V, Hänninen O, Kuenzli N, Jantunen MF. Iska ta cikin gida. 2007 Oktoba;17 (5):372-83.