Dokar Yara ta 2001

**Dokar Yara 2001** (Malay: Akta Kanak-Kanak 2001) doka ce ta Malaysia wacce ta yi aiki don ƙarfafa Dokar Kotunan Yara ta 1947 Dokar Kare Mata da 'Yan Mata 1973 da Dokar Kare Yara 1991 An zartar da wani ɓangare don cika haƙƙoƙin Yara na Malaysia a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Koyaya, yana riƙe da zaɓi na hukumcin jiki ga masu laifin yara. A cikin watan Disamba na shekara ta 2004, membobin ƙungiyar lauyoyi sun ba da shawarar cewa dokar tana buƙatar sake dubawa, duk da sabonta, domin a fayyace hanyoyin aikata laifuka. Misali daya na rashin bayyana Dokar ta fito fili a cikin shari'ar 2007 da ta shafi wani dan shekaru 13 da aka samu da laifin kisan kai. A karkashin sashe na 97(1) na dokar, ba za a iya aiwatar da hukuncin kisa ga yara ba; Sashe na 97(2) da 97(3) da 97(4) sun yi tanadin wasu hukunce-hukuncen hukunce-hukuncen aikata laifuka da za su haifar da hukuncin kisa idan manya suka aikata, wato tsare bisa yardan Yang di-Pertuan Agong. Sai dai kotun daukaka kara ta soke sashe na 97(2) a watan Yulin shekarar 2007 bisa hujjar cewa ya saba wa kundin tsarin mulkin Malaysia na raba madafun iko, wanda ya kai ga cewa ba za a iya zartar da wani hukunci ko kadan ba.  .

Dokar an yi ta ne don ba da ƙarin kariya ga masu laifin yara. Akwai, duk da haka, wasu gazawar da suka ɓace daga Dokar. Baya ga rashin tabbas na lokacin tsare-tsare a karkashin Sashe na 97, wani watsi shine matsakaicin tsawon umarnin tsare-tsaren. Ga mai laifi, Sashe na 117 na Dokar Shari'a ta ba da iyakar kwanaki 14 na tsare-tsare. Sashe na 84 (2) na Dokar Yara kawai ya ba da damar kotun ta ba da umarnin tsare ba tare da ba da umarni mafi tsawo na tsare ba. An magance wannan matsala a cikin shari'ar 2003 wanda ya nuna cewa Dokar Shari'a za ta mallaki lokacin da aka tsare yaro.

Game da tsarin Shari'a, wani babba da ake zargi yana da zaɓi don ba da shaidar rantsuwa, shaidar da ba a rantsuwa ba, ko yin shiru. Dokar Yara ba ta samar da wani haƙƙin yin shiru ba. Sashe na 90 (9) kawai yana bawa yaron damar ba da shaidar rantsuwa ko ba a rantsuwa ba.

## Ƙarin kariya
Dokar ta ba da ƙarin kariya ga mai laifi na yaro musamman game da sirrin yaron. Shari'ar Kotun Yara za ta kasance a cikin kotu mai rufewa (a cikin kyamara). Wasu mutane ne kawai aka ba su izinin halartar shari'ar. Yanzu akwai aikin doka ga iyayen yaron su halarci shari'ar.

Har ila yau, ya ƙunshi tanadi don kare yaro daga haɗuwa da manya masu laifi a kurkuku ko a wasu wurare.

## Gabatarwa
Gabatarwa na Dokar ta ba da sanarwa da amincewa masu zuwa:

# RECOGNIZING cewa hangen nesa na kasar na al'umma mai ci gaba shine inda adalci na zamantakewa da ci gaban ɗabi'a, ɗabi'u da ruhaniya suke da mahimmanci kamar ci gaban tattalin arziki wajen kirkirar al'ummar Malaysia wacce ke da hadin kai, ci gaba, zaman lafiya, kulawa, adalci da mutuntaka
# RECOGNIZING cewa yaro ba kawai wani muhimmin bangare ne na irin wannan al'umma ba har ma da mabuɗin rayuwarta, ci gaba da wadata
# Bayyana cewa yaro, saboda rashin girma na jiki, tunani da motsin rai, yana buƙatar kariya ta musamman, kulawa da taimako, bayan haihuwa, don ba shi damar shiga da kuma ba da gudummawa ga cimma burin al'ummar farar hula ta Malaysia
# RECOGNIZING kowane yaro yana da damar kariya da taimako a kowane yanayi ba tare da la'akari da bambancin kowane nau'i ba, kamar launin fata, launi, jima'i, yare, addini, asalin zamantakewa ko nakasa ta jiki, ta hankali ko ta motsin rai ko kowane matsayi
# ACKNOWLEDGING iyali a matsayin rukuni na asali a cikin al'umma wanda ke samar da yanayi na halitta don ci gaba, tallafi da jin daɗin dukkan membobinta, musamman yara, don su iya bunkasa a cikin yanayi na zaman lafiya, farin ciki, ƙauna da fahimta don samun cikakken amincewa, mutunci da darajar ɗan adam
# RECOGNIZING rawar da alhakin iyali ke takawa a cikin al'umma, cewa a ba su taimako mai mahimmanci don ba su damar ɗaukar nauyin su a matsayin tushen kulawa, tallafi, farfadowa da ci gaban yara a cikin al-umma

## Tsarinsa
Dokar Yara ta 2001, a halin yanzu (1 Janairu 2006), ta ƙunshi Sashe 15 da ke dauke da sashe 135 da jadawalin 2 (ciki har da gyare-gyare 1).

* Sashe na I: Farko
* Sashe na II: Kwamitin Gudanarwa don Kare Yara
* Sashe na III: Naɗin Mai Karewa, da dai sauransu.
* Sashe na IV: Kotuna don Yara
* Sashe na V: Yara da ke Bukatar Kulawa da Karewa Babi na 1: Janar Babi na 2: Kulawa na wucin gadi da Binciken Kiwon Lafiya da Jiha Babi na 3: Laifuka dangane da Lafiya da Lafiyar Yara Babi na 4: Sanarwa game da Ɗauki yaro cikin Kulawa, Kulawa ko Kulawa
** Babi na 1: Janar
** Babi na 2: Kulawa na wucin gadi da Binciken Kiwon Lafiya da Magani
** Babi na 3: Laifukan da suka shafi Lafiya da Lafiyar Yara
** Babi na 4: Sanarwa game da Ɗauki cikin Kulawa, Kulawa ko Kulawa
* Sashe na VI: Yara da ke Bukatar Kariya da Gyara Babi na 1: Janar Babi na 2: Laifuka
** Babi na 1: Janar
** Babi na 2: Laifuka
* Sashe na VII: Fiye da Kulawa
* Sashe na takwas: Cinikin da kuma sace yara
* Sashe na IX: Cibiyoyin Babi na 1: Wuraren Tsaro da Wuraren Gida Babi na 2: Wuraren Rarraba Babi na 3: Gidajen Gidaje Babi na 4: Makarantu da aka amince da su Babi na 5: Makarantu na Henry Gurney Babi na 6: Tanadi na Musamman dangane da Wurorin Tsaro, Wuraren Gudanarwa, Wurorin Gidajen, Makarantu da suka amince da Makarantu na Henori Babi na 7:
** Babi na 1: Wuraren Tsaro da Wuraren Mazauta
** Babi na 2: Wuraren Tsayawa
** Babi na 3: Gidajen Gidajen Gwaje-gwaje
** Babi na 4: Makarantun da aka amince da su
** Babi na 5: Makarantun Henry Gurney
** Babi na 6: Tanadi na Musamman dangane da Wuraren Tsaro, Wuraren Gida, Wurorin Tsaro, Gidajen Gidaje, Makarantu da aka amince da su da Makarantun Henry Gurney
** Babi na 7: Sauran
* Sashe na X: Hanyar aikata laifuka a Kotun Yara Babi na 1: Cajewa, Bail, da dai sauransu Babi na 2: Shari'a Babi na 3: Ikon Kotun Yara a Ƙarshen Shari'a Babbi na 4: Probation
** Babi na 1: Caji, Bail, da dai sauransu.
** Babi na 2: Gwaje-gwaje
** Babi na 3: Ikon Kotun Yara a Ƙarshen Shari'a
** Babi na 4: Gwaje-gwaje
* Sashe na XI: A Kula da Kyakkyawan Mutum da Ya dace
* Sashe na XII: Dokokin Gudummawa
* Sashe na XIII: Miscellaneous, Arrest, Search, Capture, da dai sauransu.
* Sashe na XIV: Sauran abubuwa
* Sashe na XV: Tattalin Arziki da Shirye-shiryen Canji
* Shirye-shiryen

## Shirin Farko

## Shirin na Biyu

## Dubi kuma

* Dokar Yara

## Manazarta