Gadar jirgin kasa na Fredericton

**Gadar Jirgin Kasa ta Fredericton** tsohuwar gadar jirgin kasa ce a Fredericton, New Brunswick, Kanada, wacce yanzu ake amfani da ita wajen daukar masu tafiya a ƙasa da masu keke.

Tana ratsa kogin Saint John daga ƙarshen gabashin gundumar kasuwanci ta Fredericton a gefen yamma na kogin zuwa tsohuwar al'ummar South Devon (wanda aka haɗa zuwa Fredericton a shekarar 1945) a gefen gabas.

Tun daga shekarar 1997, ana amfani da ita a matsayin gadar masu tafiya a ƙasa kuma ɓangare ne na tsarin Sentier NB Trail kuma wani ɓangare ne na Trans Canada Trail . Fredericton ya yi iƙirarin cewa ita ce "gadar tafiya mafi tsawo a duniya."

A ranar 7 ga Yuni, 2008, an sake wa gadar suna zuwa **Bill Thorpe Walking Bridge**, bayan wanda ya kafa Fredericton Trail System. Ya zuwa shekarar 2018, sama da masu amfani da 600,000 ne ke ketare gadar kowace shekara.

A shekarar 2022, gadar ta zama wurin fara "Bill Thorpe Walking Bridge parkrun" wanda shine 5&nbsp;taron kilomita wanda ke gudana duk mako a ranar Asabar ta amfani da gadar da kuma hanyar South River.

Titin da ke ƙarƙashin gadar da ke kan titin Waterloo Row yana da ɗan sarari kuma an san shi da tarko ga motocin sufuri da ke ƙoƙarin wucewa a ƙarƙashinsa. An sami aƙalla haɗurra 15 tun daga shekarar 2007 inda aka ajiye manyan motoci a ƙarƙashin hanyar, tare da faruwar abubuwa uku tsakanin Satumba da Oktoba 2025. 

## Tsarin gini
Gadar ta ƙunshi sassa 9 waɗanda suka ratsa nisan 581 metres (1,906 ft) a kan ruwa kuma an gina shi a shekarar 1938. Tsarin ƙarfe ne mai kauri wanda aka gina shi gaba ɗaya da ƙarfe kuma yana kan ginshiƙai guda 8 na siminti a cikin ruwa da kuma haɗin siminti guda 2, 1 a kowane gefe.

Gadar tana da fadin a tsaye na  ga jiragen ruwa da ke sama da hanyar kewayawa wadda ke gudana a ƙarƙashin zango na uku daga gabar yamma; wannan zangon zango ne kuma an yi amfani da shi don ba da damar wucewar jiragen ruwa na kogi tare da iska mai ƙarfi. An yi amfani da zangon juyawa na ƙarshe a shekarar 1976 don ba da damar wucewar jiragen ruwa na sama da kogin da ke ɗauke da kayan aikin gini don aikin gadar titin Westmorland .

## Tarihi
An gabatar da gadar layin dogo a yankin Fredericton tun daga shekarun 1860 bayan wani bincike na farko da aka gudanar ta hanyar aikin "Western Extension" na layin dogo na Turai da Arewacin Amurka .

Jirgin E&NA mai suna "Western Extension" yana gina layin da ya haɗa St. Croix, New Brunswick da layin E&NA da ke akwai daga Saint John zuwa Shediac . Binciken farko na layin gabas daga kan iyakar Kanada da Amurka a Vanceboro - St. Croix ya nuna hanyar da za ta gabas daga abin da zai zama tashar Harvey zuwa Kogin Saint John kusa da Kingsclear, ta ratsa ƙarshen yamma na Fredericton ta kuma tsallaka zuwa gaɓar gabas ta kogin kafin ta ci gaba a bakin tekun Grand Lake don haɗawa da layin Saint John-Shediac kusa da Salisbury . Wannan aikin ya zama tabbatacce a tsakiyar shekarun 1860 har birnin Fredericton ya motsa dukkan wuraren baje kolin noma (da babban kuɗi) daga wani wuri kusa da tashar jirgin ƙasa ta York Street ta yanzu zuwa wurin da ake baje kolin Fredericton a yanzu domin ɗaukar nauyin wannan aikin jirgin ƙasa.

Ƙarin binciken E&NA, tare da gagarumin kamfen daga birnin Saint John, sun ga an canza aikin "Western Extension" don gudana daga ƙarshen yamma na Saint John, arewa maso yamma zuwa Harvey sannan yamma zuwa McAdam, ta haka ne aka guji Fredericton da kimanin  . Wannan layin ya buɗe a shekarar 1869 kuma ya tilasta gina layin dogo na Fredericton Branch don yi wa babban birnin hidima.

Duk da haka, mafarkin gina gadar jirgin ƙasa a Fredericton bai mutu ba sakamakon gazawar hanyar Harvey-Fredericton-Salisbury. Masanin masana'antar Fredericton na gida Alexander Gibson ya ci gaba da gina layin dogo daga ƙauyen Devon inda Kogin Nashwaak ya haɗu da Kogin Saint John (kuma inda Gibson ke da niƙa da yawa), zuwa Hartland, Grand Falls da Edmundston . An gudanar da bincike a shekarar 1866 kuma ya kafa Kamfanin Layin Dogon Ƙasa da Layin Dogo na New Brunswick a shekarar 1870. An yi gini daga Devon zuwa Newburg a gefen gabas na kogin da ke gaban Woodstock daga 1871 zuwa 1873 da kuma daga Newburg zuwa Edmundston daga 1871 zuwa 1878.

A farkon wannan babban shiri, Gibson ya kafa Kamfanin Fredericton & St. Mary's Bridge Co. a shekarar 1871 don gina gada a fadin Kogin Saint John a Fredericton, amma buƙatun jari na NBL&RC sun sa aikin ya tsaya cak tsawon shekaru goma.

Shekarun 1880 sun kawo lokacin haɗakar mallakar manyan kamfanoni a masana'antar layin dogo ta New Brunswick lokacin da kamfanin Gibson na NBL&RC ya canza sunansa zuwa New Brunswick Railway (NBR). A shekarar 1878, NBL&RC ta mallaki layin dogo na Aroostook Valley, sannan kuma jirgin ƙasa na New Brunswick da Kanada a shekarar 1882, "Western Extension" na E&NA tare da layin dogo na Fredericton Branch a shekarar 1883. Cikin shekaru 5, NBR ta mallaki kowace layin dogo a yammacin New Brunswick.

Gibson da abokan aikinsa sun fara gina layin dogo na Arewa da Yamma a shekarar 1884 kuma suka gina layin daga Devon zuwa kwarin Kogin Nashwaak sannan kwarin Kogin Kudu maso Yamma Miramichi zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Tekun St. Lawrence da ke Loggieville . A matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan aikin, Gibson ya sake gabatar da shawarar gina gadar jirgin ƙasa a kan Kogin Saint John kuma a shekarar 1885, ya kafa Kamfanin Fredericton da St. Mary's Railway Bridge Co.

## Manazarta