Michael Gamper

**Canon Michael Gamper** (1885 – 1956) wani limamin Ostiriya ne da ake gani a matsayin gwarzon Tyrol tsakanin yakin duniya. Mutum ne mai muhimmanci a yankin da ake takaddama a kai tsakanin kasar Austriya da Italiya.

Mai fafutukar farin gashi shi ne editan takardun Südtiroler Volksbote da Dolomiten.

An haife shi a ranar 7 ga Afrilu Shekara ta 1885 a Tisens a kudancin Alps, babban ɗan Michael Anton Gamper, maƙeri da matarsa Elisabeth Sulzer. Yana daya daga cikin yara shida. [1]

Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Benedictine da ke Merano sannan ya tafi Jami'ar Innsbruck don karanta Tauhidi . Ya kasance memba na kungiyar dalibai Asthsia, wanda ke hada shan giya tare da tattaunawa. Bayan kammalawa ya tafi makarantar hauza a Trento . Bayan haka an nada shi a cikin 1908 kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin firist a cikin ƙananan ƙananan al'ummomi: Girlan, Altrei, Laives da Barbian. 

A cikin Shekara ta 1914, yana da shekaru 29, an ƙara masa girma zuwa Canon kuma ya koma birnin Bolzano. A nan ya sadu da Mahaliccin Aemilian wanda ya tambaye shi ya zama editan sabuwar jarida mai suna *Südtiroler Volksbote* (Manzon Jama'ar Tyrolean Kudu). 

Bayan yakin duniya na farko an mayar da yankin kudancin lardin Tyrol zuwa Italiya kuma an hana yin magana da Jamusanci a yankunan da ake magana da Jamusanci a al'adar Kudancin Tyrol. Wannan ya dagula rayuwar mutanen yankin. An kafa makarantun Catacomb don koyar da Jamusanci ga yaran a asirce. Daya daga cikin mataimakansa Angela Nicoletti ta rasu tana da shekaru 25 a wannan lokacin. 

Ko da yake an dakatar da *Volksbote* saboda amfani da Jamusanci. Matsayinsa na siyasa a matsayin edita yana da wuya a rarraba: Ya kasance mai tsananin adawa da tsarin dimokuradiyya kuma mai tsananin adawa da gurguzu, amma (saboda addininsa maimakon siyasarsa) shi ma ya kasance mai adawa da Yahudawa. Saboda haka, ya kasance mai ƙarfi "tsakiyar hanya". Mahimmanci kawai yana son samun 'yancin kai da kuma amincewa da yankuna masu magana da Jamusanci masu nisa ba tare da kowtowing ga al'ummar Jamus ba. 

A 1921 ya zama shugaban reshe na gida na mawallafi , wanda aka sake masa suna Athesia. A cikin 1924 ya rubuta don nuna rashin amincewa da kisan malamin makarantar Franz Innerhoffer da 'yan fasikayi suka yi a wani bikin gida (wanda ba a hukunta shi ba). 

A 1925 ya sami izini daga fadar Vatican ya sake fara buga jaridar Jamusanci kuma ya kaddamar da *Dolomiten* (The Dolomites). An fara buga shi a ranar Kirsimeti 1926. 

A 1933 Hitler ya karbi mulki. Hitler ya mamaye Ostiriya kuma mutanen Tyrole ta Kudu da farko sun gan shi a matsayin mai iya 'yantar da shi. Wasu batutuwa sun taso daga tsarin mulkin Nazi kuma Gamper ya fara magana game da manufar euthanasia na Jamus da aka dauka akan yara nakasassu ( Action T4 ). Gamper yana ɗaya daga cikin na farko da ya buga labarin game da damuwarsa, mai taken "Mummunan Zato". 

A cikin 1939 Kudancin Tyrolean an tilasta su ɗauki "zaɓi": ko dai su yi hijira zuwa Jamus Reich, ko kuma su zauna kuma su zama Italiyanci cikakke. Dole ne mazauna su zaɓi kafin 31 Disamba 1939 ko Jamusanci ko Italiyanci. Za a mayar da waɗanda ke zabar Jamusanci. Gamper yayi tsayin daka da wannan. Yawancin mazauna sun zaɓi zuwa Jamus, amma yawan jama'a ya rabu sosai. Gamers sun nemi sake haɗa jama'a kafin su rage yawan jama'a. 

A cikin 1943, lokacin da gwamnatin Mussolini ta rushe, Jamusawa sun mamaye yankin arewacin Italiya a cikin Operation Axis don ci gaba da kula da Axis. Wannan mamaya mai laushi ya haɗa da Kudancin Tyrol.

A karkashin wannan sabon tsarin mulki, Gamper ya tafi Florence a kamance da wani jami'in SS na Jamus tare da jami'in gaskiya guda ɗaya yana taimakonsa. Daga nan ya yi hanyarsa zuwa Roma . Ya samu takardar da aka aika ta Vatican zuwa ga Shugaba Roosevelt, wanda ya gane cewa ba dukan Jamusawa ne masu goyon bayan Nazi ba.

A karshen yakin ya nuna rashin gamsuwa da yarjejeniyar ta Paris saboda ba ta da ikon yancin kai . 

Ya mutu da ciwon hanta a gida a Bolzano a ranar 15 ga Afrilu 1956. Taron mutane 30,000 ne suka halarci jana'izar sa a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, fiye da rabin al'ummar yankin. 

'Yar'uwarsa Martha Flies da mijinta Toni Ebner sun maye gurbinsa a matsayin editan *Dolomiten* da gidan wallafe-wallafen Athesia. Wannan ma'auratan sun ci gaba da yakin neman 'yancin kai. 

## Gado
Ana kiran tituna da yawa bayan Gamper a Kudancin Tyrol, ciki har da Bolzano, Klobenstein, Laives, Ritten da Lienz .

Makarantu da yawa a Kudancin Tyrol suna ɗauke da sunansa. 

A 1972 Kudancin Tyrol ya zama mai cin gashin kansa. 

A cikin 2014 an fitar da wani fim na aikin Gamper, *Heimat Sudtirol: Ofishin Jakadancin Michael Gamper*, tare da Ricardo Angelini a cikin taken taken. 

## Labarai

## Manazarta