Molly Melching

**Molly Melching** ita ce ta kafa kuma Darakta mai kirkiro na Shirin Karfafa Al'umma na Tostan (CEP). Tostan (ma'ana "ci gaba" a cikin Harshen Wolof) kungiya ce mai zaman kanta (NGO) da ke da hedikwata a Dakar, Senegal  wanda manufarta ita ce ta karfafa al'ummomin Afirka don kawo ci gaba mai ɗorewa da canjin zamantakewa mai kyau bisa ga girmama haƙƙin ɗan adam.  Gidan yanar gizon ta, Tostan.org, ya bayyana cewa "Tostan tana aiwatar da cikakken shirin ilimi na shekaru uku a cikin yarukan ƙasar Afirka wanda ya shiga cikin al'ummomin karkara sama da 3,500 a cikin ƙasashe takwas na Afirka a kan jigogi na dimokuradiyya, haƙƙin ɗan adam, kiwon lafiya, karatu da rubutu, da ƙwarewar gudanar da aikin". Wadannan jigogi sun hada da watsi da yankan mata, soke auren yara / tilas, da kuma karfafa mata a matsayin shugabanci kamar matsayin shugabanci a kasashen Yamma da Gabashin Afirka.

Kwarewar Melching tana haɓaka kayan ilimi don amfani a matakin al'umma a Afirka, kuma ta taimaka wajen ƙirƙirar Tostan Model- shirin ilimi na shekaru uku na yau da kullun wanda ya kasance mai haɗa kai da inganta wayar da kan jama'a game da dorewar muhalli. Ayyukan Melching tare da na al'ummomin Senegal sun kuma ba da gudummawa ga sababbin hanyoyin ci gaban al'umma da hanyoyin sadarwa ciki har da tsarin rarraba bayanai  da kuma amfani da sanarwar jama'a don watsar da FGC da aure na yara / tilas. 

## Ayyuka na Farko a Senegal
Yayinda yake dalibi a Dakar" id="mwKw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="University of Dakar">Jami'ar Dakar a shekara ta 1974, Melching ya ci gaba da sha'awar yin aiki tare da yara. Ta rubuta littafin yara mai hoto, Anniko, wanda New African Editions (NEA) ta buga. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1976, ta shiga rundunar zaman lafiya a kan wani matsayi na mutum don ci gaba da bunkasa da buga littattafai ga yara na Senegal da aka tsara don al'adunsu da mahalli. Don cimma wannan, Melching ya kirkiro Cibiyar "Demb ak Tey" (Yesterday and Today), wacce aka buɗe a Cibiyar Al'adu ta Afirka, kuma ta yi wa yara a kan titi hidima a yankin da ya fi yawan jama'a a Dakar, Madina. Yin amfani da waƙoƙi, labaru, karin magana, wasan kwaikwayo, da sauran al'adun Afirka na baki, Melching da tawagarta ta Senegal sun inganta wallafe-wallafen yara da suka shafi al'adun Yammacin Afirka. Ganin shahararren labarun gargajiya na Afirka da kuma damar da suke da ita a matsayin abin hawa don ilimi, Molly ta fara shirin rediyo na mako-mako a cikin Wolof, babban harshen ƙasa na Senegal. Ta hanyar hada sakonni game da kiwon lafiya da muhalli, shirin rediyo ya kai dubban iyalai tare da bayanai masu dacewa don inganta rayuwarsu.

A shekara ta 1982, an ba Melching tallafi daga Gidauniyar Spencer don ci gaba da ayyukanta, wanda ya ƙarfafa ta ta kasance a Senegal. Ta koma cibiyar yara zuwa ƙauyen Saam Njaay a yankin Thiès . Tare da hadin gwiwar membobin al'umma da kuma kudade daga USAID, ita da tawagarta ta Senegal sun haɓaka shirin ilimi na asali, wanda ba na al'ada ba ga mutanen karkara bisa ga al'adunsu da al'adun su.

Melching ya fara aiki tare da UNICEF Senegal a cikin 1988 don ingantawa da faɗaɗa wannan shirin ilimi mara kyau ga wasu harsuna da yankuna na Senegal. Melching ya mayar da hankali kan bukatar mata ta musamman don horar da karatu da rubutu da sauran nau'ikan ilimi na asali. Tare da goyon bayan UNICEF, an ba da shirin ga dubban mata a duk faɗin ƙasar kuma an daidaita shi don matasa masu haɗari, waɗanda ba sa zuwa makaranta ta amfani da ƙwarewar rayuwa ta asali.

## Halitta da Aiki Tare da Tostan
A cikin 1991, Melching ya ɗauki darussan rukuni da koyarwa da aka haɓaka a Saam Njaay kuma ya kirkiro ƙungiyar ba da riba ta 501 (c) (3), Tostan . Babban abu na Tostan shine shirin Melching da sauransu da aka haɓaka a Saam Njaay, Senegal: Shirin Karfafa Al'umma. Shirin Karfafa Al'umma (CEP) an yi niyya ne ga manya da matasa masu koyo kuma koyaushe ana ba da shi a cikin harsuna na gida. Hanyar ilimi ba ta yau da kullun ta dogara ne akan haƙƙin ɗan adam kuma an raba ta zuwa kashi biyu: Kobi (ma'ana "harka ƙasa"), wanda ke rufe dimokuradiyya, haƙƙin ɗanɗano, ƙwarewar warware matsaloli, kiwon lafiya, da tsabta; da Aawde (ma'anar "shuka iri"), wanda ke ɗaukar ilimin harshe na gida, ci gaban ƙananan kamfanoni, da lissafi.

A cikin shekaru, CEP ya ci gaba da canzawa. An haɗa ƙarin kwanan nan a cikin CEP, gami da Ƙarfafa Ayyukan Iyaye,  wanda ke aiki tare da iyaye don ƙarfafa ci gaban yara da kuma shirya yara don makaranta, da kuma aikin Zaman Lafiya da Tsaro,  wanda ke neman kafa alaƙa tsakanin shirye-shiryen da ke jagorantar al'umma don inganta zaman lafiya, da masu tsara manufofi na yanki.

Wadanda suka halarci taron Tostan sun fara ayyukan inganta kiwon lafiya da tsabta wanda ya haifar da rage yawan mace-mace da jarirai. Bugu da ƙari, an haifar da canji ta hanyar rage tashin hankali ga mata; ƙaruwar yawan allurar rigakafi da shawarwari kafin da bayan haihuwa; kuma ya jagoranci kamfen don yin rajistar 'yan mata a makaranta da yin rajistar dubban yara waɗanda ba su da takardar shaidar haihuwa. Har ma sun fara aiwatar da ayyukan samar da kudin shiga. Mata yanzu suna shiga cikin hanyoyin yanke shawara kuma suna fitowa a matsayin shugabanni.

A ranar 31 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1997, wani rukuni na mahalarta Tostan daga ƙauyen Malicounda Bambara sun yanke shawarar barin tsohuwar al'adar yankan mata (FGC) a cikin al'ummarsu. Shawarwarin da suka yanke ya samo asali ne daga fahimtar cewa FGC yana da lahani ga lafiyar 'yan mata da mata, yana keta haƙƙin ɗan adam, kuma bai dace da dabi'un addini da al'adu ba. Ya zuwa Nuwamba 2016, sama da al'ummomi 7,700 a cikin ƙasashen da Tostan ke aiki sun bayyana a fili cewa sun watsar da FGC da auren yara / tilasta, gami da ƙauyuka 23 a Burkina Faso tare da haɗin gwiwar NGO Mwangaza Action .  Ana ci gaba da yin FGC a kasashe 28 na Afirka kuma ana buƙatar shi a cikin kabilun da yawa don 'yan mata su yi aure kuma su zama membobin al'umma masu daraja.

## Bambanci da karbuwa
1995: UNESCO ta zaɓi Tostan a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin shirye-shiryen ilimi mafi ƙwarewa a duk duniya kuma ta buga ɗan littafin game da kwarewar Tostan.

1997: Misis Hillary Clinton, matar tsohon shugaban kasar Bill Clinton, ta ziyarci ƙauyen Tostan; wannan ya haifar da Mrs. Clinton da tsohon shugaban kasar Clinton su ziyarci hedkwatar Tostan shekara guda bayan haka.

1999: An ba Molly Melching lambar yabo ta Jami'ar Illinois Alumni Humanitarian Prize

2002: Ms. Melching ta sami lambar yabo ta Sargent Shriver Distinguished Award for Humanitarian Service a bikin 40th na Peace Corps .

Oktoba 2003: Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta zaɓi tsarin ilimin Tostan a matsayin "Mafi kyawun Tsarin" don ci gaban al'umma da kawo ƙarshen FGC, yana kira ga ci gaba da maimaitawa da rarraba samfurin ga sauran ƙasashen Afirka.

2005: Tostan ta lashe kyautar Anna Lindh don 'Yancin Dan Adam

2007: Tostan ya lashe kyaututtuka biyu: Kyautar Sarki Sejong ta UNESCO don Literacy da Kyautar Conrad N. Hilton Humanitarian, babbar kyautar jin kai a duniya.

2010: Gidauniyar Skoll ta amince da Tostan tare da Kyautar Skoll don Kasuwancin Jama'a.

2012: Tostan ta sami 'Award in Action' daga Gidauniyar Cecilia Attias don Mata, ta amince da ayyukansu wajen inganta tsarin kiwon lafiya da kula da uwa a matakin al'umma. An gabatar da Molly Melching tare da lambar yabo ta 'Women of Impact' a karo na 4 na shekara-shekara na mata a taron koli na duniya a shekarar 2013.

2013: An gabatar da Molly Melching tare da lambar yabo ta "Mata na Tasiri" a taron mata na shekara-shekara na 4 a taron koli na duniya a shekarar 2013

2015: Molly ta sami lambar yabo ta Thomas J Dodd a cikin Shari'a ta Duniya da 'Yancin Dan Adam saboda aikinta tare da Tostan .  An kuma ba ta lambar yabo ta musamman ta juri a cikin taimakon mutum daga Gidauniyar BNP Paribas, da kuma lambar yabo ta 2015 ta Jami'ar Illinois.

Bugu da ƙari, Ms. Melching ta sami "Lambar girmamawa ta yara ta duniya" saboda gwagwarmayar juyin juya hali da ta yi da auren tilasta, kaciyar 'yan mata, da auren yara a Yammacin Afirka.

## Duk da haka Tsawon Dare
Aimee Molloy ce ta rubuta wani littafi game da aikin Melching, Duk da haka Long the Night: Molly Melching's Journey to Help Millions of African Women and Girls Triumph kuma an buga shi a ranar 30 ga Afrilu, 2013. Littafin ya ba da labarin abubuwan da Melching ya samu wanda ya kawo ta Afirka kusan shekaru 40 da suka gabata, mutanen da suka karfafa gwiwa da ta sadu da su a hanya, da kuma dalilin da ya sa ta yanke shawarar zama. Har ila yau, ya ba da labarin kafa Tostan da kuma yunkurin da al'umma ke jagoranta don sauye-sauyen zamantakewa da ake gani a Afirka.

## Manazarta