Kyakkyawan gyare-gyare

Dynamic revetments, wanda aka fi sani da "cobble berms" ko "dynamic cobble berm revetments", suna amfani da dutse ko dutse mai girman dutse don kwaikwayon rairayin bakin teku na halitta don manufar rage ƙarfin raƙuman ruwa da dakatar da ko rage raguwar bakin teku. Ba kamar shinge ba, an tsara gyare-gyare mai ƙarfi don ba da damar aikin raƙuman ruwa don sake tsara duwatsu cikin bayanin maras kyau, rushe aikin raƙumi da kuma watsar da ƙarfin raƙuman ƙasa yayin da takalma ke motsawa. Wannan na iya rage raƙuman ruwa wanda sau da yawa ke ba da gudummawa ga tsabar teku.

## Ka'idar
Manufar ita ce ƙirƙirar tsarin da ke da yanayi a bayyanar da aiki yayin da yake ba da kariya mai karɓa ga bakin teku, haɗuwa da fa'idodin hanyoyin kariya na bakin teku masu amsa muhalli tare da waɗanda ke cikin kayan ado na al'ada ko katako.

Hakanan za'a iya amfani da layin katako a matsayin ƙarfafawa na sama don takalmin katako. Drift logs sun zama ruwan dare a mafi yawan gabar teku a Arewa maso Yammacin Pacific. Shirye-shiryen su na crisscrossed yana ba da kwanciyar hankali ko da lokacin da tasirin ruwa da raƙuman ruwa suka shafa, suna kama yashi da iska da kuma karfafa ci gaban foredunes.

## Tarihi
An nuna kariya ta hanyar rushewar ƙasa a farkon shekarun 1990 lokacin da, a cikin ƙoƙari na daidaita rushewar Lone Tree kilomita 15 a arewacin San Francisco, Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta California ta zubar da kayan da aka tono ciki har da duwatsu da laka mai girman daga yumɓu zuwa manyan duwatsu a kan dutse mai tsawo, haifar da rushewar wucin gadi. Wannan gwaji ya ba da izinin rubuce-rubuce na farkon matakai na rushewar ƙasa, gami da matakai na raƙuman ruwa da ke yanke yatsan slide. An lura cewa rairayin bakin teku nan da nan ya fara samuwa tare da yatsan slide, wanda ya kunshi kayan da suka fi tsayi, dutse, dutse da duwatsu. Tare da tarawa, yawan lalacewar yatsan yatsa ya ragu a hankali, kayan sun tsara kansu a cikin dutse mai kariya da rairayin bakin teku, wanda aka goyi bayan shi a cikin salon riprap ta hanyar layin duwatsu masu girman makamai.

### Gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje

A cikin 2017 DynaRev, aikin bincike wanda Tarayyar Turai ta tallafawa, ya gudanar da babban gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje a Large Wave Flume (Großer Wellenkanal) a Hanover, Jamus. Manufarta ita ce ta tantance aikin da juriya na gyare-gyare masu ƙarfi ga hauhawar matakin teku. An auna martani na rairayin bakin teku don matakan ruwa daban-daban da tsawo na raƙuman ruwa, duka tare da kuma ba tare da wani dutse na sama ba. A lokacin gwaji, gyaran gyare-gyare ya nuna kwanciyar hankali mai ƙarfi, yayin da ɗakunan mutum a cikin tsarin suka motsa tare da kowane guguwa amma siffar duniya ta gyare-guguwa ta kasance mai ɗorewa. Masu bincike sun tabbatar da cewa gyare-gyare masu ƙarfi sun zama zaɓi mai ɗorewa da araha ga wurare da yawa da ke fuskantar rushewar bakin teku inda ba a buƙatar cikakkiyar kariya daga haɗarin bakin teku kuma wasu koma baya na bakin teku suna da karɓa.

## Ayyuka

### Wurin Mai Jirgin Ruwa, Ventura, California
A cikin shekara ta 2011, ƙungiyar aiki ta Surfers' Point ta sake komawa hanyar keken da filin ajiye motoci. Don tabbatar da yankin aikin ya gina "mattress" a kan rairayin bakin teku na baya. An sanya yashi a cikin yankin koma baya don haɓaka dutsen da kuma taimakawa sake gina dunes. Daga baya, aikin ya gina dunes ta amfani da yashi wanda aka samo daga wasu rairayin bakin teku tare da yashi mai yawa. Aikin ya yi amfani da kudaden tallafi daga California Coastal Conservancy da kuma Gwamnatin Hanyar Tarayya. 

### Gidan shakatawa na Jihar Cape Lookout, Oregon
Bayan lalacewar guguwa a filin shakatawa na jihar Cape Lookout a cikin 1999, an nemi wasu nau'ikan kariya ta bakin teku. An yi la'hadari da rufin riprap na al'ada ko ganuwar teku wanda bai dace da wannan wurin shakatawa na halitta ba, don haka an yanke shawarar gina wani dutse mai laushi wanda yayi kama da bayyanar da aiki na rairayin bakin teku na halitta, wanda aka goyi bayan wani foredune na wucin gadi wanda aka ƙarfafa shi da ainihin jaka mai cike da yashi. Ma'aikatar Gidajen Gidajen Kasa da Wasanni ta Oregon ta kammala ginin aikin mai tsawon mita 300 a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2000.

### Hanyar Jiha ta 105, Arewacin Cove, Washington
A cikin 1996 an gina tashar dutse don kare Hanyar Jihar 105 kusa da North Cove, wanda ya bayyana ya kara lalacewa zuwa gabas ta hanyar sake tura ƙarfin raƙuman ruwa. A mayar da martani, Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Jihar Washington ta gina ƙafa 780 na gyare-gyare mai ƙarfi a gefen kudu na babbar hanyar dama a cikin fall of 2017. Rufewar gabaɗaya an yi ta kamar yadda aka nufa, tare da rushewar guguwa da ke jigilar kayan berm zuwa yatsan hannu inda zai iya buffer da kuma watsar da ƙarfin raƙuman ruwa. Koyaya, saboda ƙuntatawa na sawun aikin, an gina murfin dutse tare da kunkuntar faɗin a ƙarshen yamma inda ƙarfin raƙuman ruwa ya fi girma. Wannan ɓangaren yana karɓar nauyin raƙuman ruwa waɗanda ke ƙin riprap da ke kusa da babbar hanyar. An buƙaci sake gina abinci sau da yawa a lokacin hunturu na farko.

### Al'ummar Arewacin Cove, Arewacin Cova, Washington
A cikin 2016, a matsayin martani ga abin da ake kira rushewa mafi sauri a Yammacin Yammacin Amurka, al'ummar Arewacin Cove sun fara sanya basalt mai gudana wanda ba a tsara shi ba wanda ya fi girman dutse tare da kusan kilomita 2 na bakin teku don jinkirta rushewa yayin da injiniyoyi suka yi aiki a kan ƙirar dindindin. Kungiyar ba da riba ta al'umma Wash Away No More ta goyi bayan aikin ta hanyar tara kuɗi da ƙungiyoyin aiki. Yin aiki tare da hukumomin sarrafawa, an haɗa ka'idodin Gudanarwa da Zane tare da Yanayi a cikin aikin don ba da damar ilmantarwa da canji bisa ga sa ido na lokaci-lokaci ta Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Jihar Washington. A matsayin wani ɓangare na saka idanu, an sanya Alamun PIT a cikin duwatsu daban-daban kuma an bi motsi a tsawon lokaci. An lura cewa duwatsun da suka fi motsawa sun kai tsakanin 1 da 10 kg (2.2 da 22 lb) tare da matsakaicin matsakaici na kimanin 10 zuwa 20 cm (4 zuwa 8 in). Dutse mai kusurwa da zagaye sun bayyana don yin daidai a cikin wannan yanayi. Gundumar Kula da Kula da Gundumar Pacific County ce ta ba da taimako da tallafi. Yankin rairayin bakin teku da ya ɓace da sauri ya dawo.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

A matsayinsa na Shugaban Gundumar Ruwa ta Pacific County # 1 kuma tare da tallafi daga Wash Away No More da Gundumar Karewa ta Pacific, manomi na cranberry na gida David Cottrell ya jagoranci aikin ta hanyar dukkan matakai daga ciki, gini, da kuma daidaitawa tsakanin 2016 da 2023. David ya gudanar da muhimmiyar aiki tare da al'ummar yankin don tabbatar da cewa an kiyaye matakan dutse kuma an gudanar da gwaje-gwaje na farko kan yadda kuma inda za a sanya sautin dutse da kuma amfani da katako na gida don inganta kariya ta bakin teku. Wannan aikin ya ja hankalin masana injiniyan bakin teku a Amurka da kuma duniya, kuma David ya rubuta takardu da yawa a kan batun sake fasalin ƙarfi.

## Manazarta