Eugene, Oregon

Eugene, birni na biyu mafi yawan jama'a a Oregon, yana da yawan jama'a 176,654 kamar yadda aka yi a ƙidayar jama'a ta Amurka ta 2020  kuma ya ƙunshi faɗin birnin na      . Yankin kididdiga na babban birnin Eugene-Springfield shine na biyu mafi girma a Oregon bayan Portland .  A shekarar 2022, an kiyasta cewa yawan jama'ar Eugene ya kai 179,887.

Eugene gida ne ga Jami'ar Oregon, Jami'ar Bushnell, da Kwalejin Al'umma ta Lane .    An san birnin da muhallinsa na halitta, damar nishaɗi (musamman hawa keke, hanyoyin hawa dutse, gudu / gudu, hawa rafting, da kayak ), kuma yana mai da hankali kan fasaha, tare da tarihin tashin hankalin jama'a, tarzoma, da fafutukar kore. Taken Eugene na hukuma shine "Babban Birni don Fasaha da Waje".  Ana kuma kiransa da "Birnin Emerald" da kuma " Track Town, Amurka ".  Kamfanin Nike ya fara ne a Eugene.  A watan Yulin 2022, birnin ya karbi bakuncin Gasar Wasannin Wasanni ta Duniya ta 18. 

## Tarihi

### Tarihin 'yan asalin ƙasar
Mutane na farko da suka fara zama a yankin Eugene su ne ƙungiyar Chifin ta Kalapuyans, waɗanda kuma suka rubuta Calapooia ko Calapooya. Sun yi "zagaye-zagaye na yanayi," suna yawo a cikin ƙauye don tattarawa da adana abincin gida, gami da 'ya'yan itacen acorn, kwararan shuke-shuken wapato da camas, da 'ya'yan itace. Sun adana waɗannan abincin a ƙauyensu na hunturu na dindindin. Lokacin da ayyukan amfanin gona suka ragu, sun koma ƙauyukansu na hunturu suka fara farauta, kamun kifi, da ciniki.   An san su da Chifin Kalapuyans kuma an kira su yankin Eugene inda suke zaune "Chifin", wanda wani lokacin ana rubuta shi da "Chafin" ko "Chiffin".  

Sauran ƙabilun Kalapuyan sun mamaye ƙauyuka waɗanda yanzu haka suke cikin iyakokin birnin Eugene. Pee-you ko Mohawk Calapooians, Winefelly ko Pleasant Hill Calapooians, da Lungtum ko Long Tom. Maƙwabta ne na kusa da Chifin, sun yi aure, kuma abokan siyasa ne. Wasu hukumomi sun nuna cewa Brownsville Kalapuyans (Calapooia Kalapuyans) suna da alaƙa da Pee-you. Wataƙila tunda Santiam yana da haɗin gwiwa da Brownsville Kalapuyans, tasirin Santiam ya kai har zuwa Eugene.

A bisa ga shaidar kayan tarihi, kakannin Kalapuyans sun kasance a Eugene tsawon shekaru 10,000.  A shekarun 1800, salon rayuwarsu na gargajiya ya fuskanci manyan canje-canje saboda annoba da ƙaura, da farko daga masu sayar da fur na Faransa sannan daga baya kuma daga adadi mai yawa na mazauna Turai.  Wasu majiyoyi sun kuma bayyana cewa adadinsu ya fara raguwa a ƙarni na sha tara saboda cututtuka kamar ƙananan pox da zazzabin cizon sauro. 

### Sulhu da tasiri
'Yan kasuwar gashin Faransa sun zauna a kwarin Willamette a lokacin kaka a farkon karni na 19. Matsuguninsu ya ta'allaka ne a cikin al'ummar "Faransanci Prairie" a Gundumar Arewacin Marion amma wataƙila sun faɗaɗa zuwa yankin Eugene. Bayan sun riga sun ƙulla dangantaka da al'ummomin 'yan asalin ƙasar ta hanyar aure da ciniki, sun yi shawarwari kan filaye daga 'yan Kalapuyan. Daga 1828 zuwa 1830 su da matansu 'yan asalin ƙasar suka fara mamaye ƙasar duk shekara, suna kiwon amfanin gona da kuma kula da dabbobi. A cikin wannan tsari, iyalai masu bambancin launin fata sun fara shafar samun 'yan asalin ƙasar zuwa ƙasa, wadatar abinci, da kayan gargajiya don kasuwanci da ayyukan addini. 

A watan Yulin 1830, "zazzabin da ke ci gaba da yaduwa" ya bulla a yankin ƙananan Columbia, kuma bayan shekara guda, kwarin Willamette. 'Yan asalin ƙasar sun gano cewa cutar, wacce a lokacin ta zama sabuwa a yankin Pacific Northwest, ta bulla a *jirgin ruwan USS Owyhee*, wanda John Dominis ke jagoranta. Masu bincike yanzu suna tunanin "zazzabin da ke ci gaba da yaduwa" a matsayin zazzabin cizon sauro .  A cewar Robert T. Boyd, masanin ilmin ɗan adam a Jami'ar Jihar Portland, shekaru uku na farko na annobar, "mai yiwuwa ita ce mafi mahimmancin abin da ya faru a cikin tarihin da aka rubuta na abin da zai zama jihar Oregon". A cikin littafinsa *The Coming of the Spirit Pestilence* Boyd ya ruwaito cewa an sami asarar kashi 92% na yawan jama'ar Kalapuyans tsakanin 1830 da 1841.  Wannan mummunan lamari ya wargaza tsarin zamantakewa na al'ummar Kalapuyan kuma ya canza daidaiton al'umma a cikin kwarin. An ƙara canza wannan daidaito a cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa ta hanyar isowar 'yan asalin Anglo-American, tun daga shekarar 1840 da mutane 13 kuma suna ƙaruwa akai-akai kowace shekara har zuwa cikin shekaru 20 fiye da 'yan asalin Amurkawa na Turai 11,000, ciki har da Eugene Skinner, suka iso.