Djibo Bakary

**Djibo Bakary** wanda aka haifeshi a shekarar 1922, ya rasu a ranar 16 ga watan Afrilu, shekara ta 1998 a Niamey ɗan siyasan Nijar (ƙasa) ne mai ra'ayin gurguzu, muhimmin mutum ne a cikin gwagwarmayar neman 'yanci a Nijar. Ya kasance daya daga cikin jagororin babbar jam'iyar Afirka ta RDA. Ya kasance kwararren dan siyasa, dan jarida da kuma dan gwagwarmaya a cikin tarihin Nijar da kuma ta Afirka ta yamma (bangaren kasashen mulkin mallakar Faransa). Ya kasance mai tsatsauran ra'ayi akan Mulkin mallakar Farsansa a Afirka inda ya nuna rashi gowon bayansa da zaman Nijar a matsayin wata karamar hukumar Faransa. Ya shugabanci Jam'iyar Sawaba wadda aka yiwa ma makalkashiya tare da durkusar da ita. Ya kasance magajin garin birnin yamai na farko a tarihin kasar Nijar.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An Haifi Djibo Bakary a Soudouré, wani kauye da ke kilometa 12 daga Niamey a shekarar 1922. Mahaifinshi shine maigarin Soudouré a wannan lokacin. Yan da shakara 7 aka bada shi riko ga kawunshi wanda yake aiki Fassara a garin Tahoua. Sunan kawun nashi Bakary kuma da wannan sunan ne ya sa Djibo a makarantar firamare. Uwayensa sun cenja masa takardun haihuwa inda aka nuna an haifeshi ne a shekarar 1921 domin ya samu ya shiga jarawar shiga kwalejin koyarwa na William Ponty. Bakary dan uwa (wato Cousin) yake ga abokin hamayyarsa wato Hamani Diori.

## Ilimi
Bakary yayi karatu a makarantar firamare dake Tahoua inda kafin ya karasa da ya dawo hutu a garinsu da ke kusan Niamey a ka maida shi a makarantar Gundumar Niamey don ya karasa matakin karshe na firamare. Daga nan kuma yayi sakandare amma kafin ya kammala aka canja masa takardu inda ya shika matakin gaba sa sakandare; daga bisani ya shiga jarabawar shiga kwalejin koyarwa ta William Ponty da ke a Sébikhotane ta kasar Senegal. Bayan yayi karatun shakara uku (3) an tura shi a matsayin malamin makaranta a Niamey. Ya kaddamar da wani gungu na masu wayar da kanun jama'a da ya ba suna "Monteil" ama suna karkashin ikon Vichy wani shugaba daga en Mulkin mallaka. Ganin cewar wannan gungun nasu baya bin abin da en mulkin mallaka ke koyarwa, sai aka fara tsangwamarsu. Ganin haka aka aika shi a makarantar firamare da ke Birni N'Konni; kuma bayan wani dan karamin lokaci aka tura shi Agadez.

## Siyasa

### Kafin Samun Yancin kai (Kafin-1960)
Bakary ya shiga siyasa ne daidai lokacin da Yakin Duniya na Biyu ya ida. A shekarar 1946, Djibo Bakary ya zama sakatare na farko na jam’iyyar Progressive Party (PPN), jam’iyyar da ke da alaka da African Democratic Rally wadda aka fi sani da RDA. Ya kasance jigo a wajen kalubalantar Gwamnatin Mulkin mallaka da ke Cote d'Ivoire (1949-1950); amma ya karkatar da siyasarsa a Kasar Nijar bayan 1950 inda ya samu tagomashi saboda goyon bayan da yake ba manoman gyada na yammacin Nijar (inda Hausawa suka fi yawa). Bakary, wanda mai akidar burguzu ne, ya taimaka wajen tura jam'iyyar PPN da aka riga aka sani a matsayin mai kin Faransawa zuwa wata kafa ta nuna ra'ayi. PPN a asali jam'iya ce mai goyon bayan babbar Jam'iyar RDA mai ra'ayin masu mulkin mallaka. Amma bisa jagorancin Bakary sai ta goya ma Jam'iyar kominisanci ta Frecn Communist Party a Majalissar Dokoki. Wannan abun bai yi ma mahukuntan RDA (kamar su  Félix Houphouët-Boigny) dadi ba, sai aka samu rarrabuwar kawuna a cikin PPN inda wasu suka goya ma Bakary baya, wasu kuma suka bi ra'ayin RDA. A 1951, RDA wadda ke adawa da gurguzu ganin ma mallakiyarta wato Faransa ma bata yi, ta umarci PPN da ta raba gari da Communist Party (PCF). An kori Djibo Bakary daga RDA saboda ya ki bin umarnin rabuwa da PCF, kuma ya fita daga PPN ya kafa UDN (Jam'iyar Hadakar Demokradiyyar Nijar) a 1954. Ya tsaya takarar majalisar dokoki a 1951, kamar yadda dan uwansa Hamani Diori  ya yi. Bayan ya sha kayi sai ya bar jam'iyyar PPN, ya shiga cikin hadaddiyar kungiya sannan kuma ya kirkiro kungiyar siyasarsa, wacce daga baya ta zama Sawaba. A watan Oktoba 1956, shi ne zaɓaɓɓen magajin garin Yamai na farko  . Sannan ya kasance mataimakin shugaban majalisa a 1957 sannan, a watan Yulin 1958, shugaban majalisar, wato matsyin shugaban gwamnati a wannan lokacin. A amtsyin shi na wanda ke ra'ayin cikakken yancin kan Nijar kai tsaye, yana goyon bayan "a'a" a zaben raba gardama na 28 ga Satumba, 1958 da Faransa ta shirya da nufin samar da Hadaddiyar Daular Faransa . Ya yi murabus a ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 1958 bayan an bayyana nasarar wadanda suka ce "na'am" sakamakon magudi da en mulkin mallakar Faransa su ka yi. Hamani Diori ne ya maye gurbinsa, mai goyon bayan " Ee ". Bayan dakatarwa da kuma rusa jam’iyyarsa ta Sawaba a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 1959, Djibo Bakary ya yi hijira inda ya sami mafaka a Ghana (wanda Kwame Nkrumah ke jagoranta a lokacin), sannan ya je Mali da Guinea. A cikin watan Yuni na 1960 an tsare en jam'iyar Sawaba goma sha takwas (18) da zargin yi ma kasa zagon kasa, wadanda suka hada Abdoulaye Mamani, Amadou Sekou da Issaka Koke.

### Bayan Yancin Kai zuwa Rasuwarsa
Daga Mali, Bakary ya sha ƙoƙari rusa mulkin Diori. A cikin 1963-64 wani yunƙurin juyin mulki wanda ya biyo bayan wani harin tawaye a kan iyakokin Nijar ya haifar da tashin hankali a Yamai, duk da cewa harin na gaba da gaba ne. An barshi ya koma Nijar a 1974 bayan juyin mulkin da sojoji suka yi kalkashin jagorancin Seyni Kountche. Saboda rashin lafiya ya dauki alkawarin cewar zai bar siyasa. Amma bai cikan wanna alkawarin ba, domin jim kaɗan bayan haka an samu Bakary da wasu mambobin tsohuwar jam’iyyarsa ta SAWABA da hannu a yunƙurin juyin mulkin Manjo Sani Souna Sido. An kama Bakary kuma an saka shi a kurkuku har zuwa watan Afrilu na shekarar 1984. An tsare shi ne a cikin keɓaɓɓun bataliyar sojojin N'Guigmi kusa da Tafkin Chadi. Bayan fitowar sa daka kurkuku, Bakary bai kara komawa siyasa ba har zuwa farkon Babban taron kasa na Conférence Nationale wanda aka fara a 1991. Kodayake da shekarun kimanun saba'in da uku a wannan lokacin, ya kafa sabuwar jam'iyyar siyasa, Union Démocratique des Force Progressistes (UDFP-SAWABA), amma tare da wani karamin bangare na makarrabansa, sauran magoya bayansa sun kirkiro "wanta" kungiyar SAWABA, Union Décracratique de Forces Révolutionnaires (UDFR - SAWABA). Bakary ya fafata a zaben shugaban kasa da na majalisar dokoki a shekarar 1993, amma ya samu kashi daya da digo 68 kacal (wato 1.68%) daga cikin dari na kuri'un da aka saka. Ya sha kaye ne daga hadakar jam'iyu ta AFC Alliance wadda wacen jam'iyar ta UDFR-SAWABA ta goya ma baya. Wato wannan jam'iyyar, kishiyar ta Bakary ta koma tare da babbar makiyar ta wato PPN, abinda masu nazarin suke gani kamar al'mara ganin cewar sun jima basa ga maciji da juna. Shi kuma Djibo Bakary ya goyama Jam'iyyar MNSD baya inda suka ci gaba da zama cikin hadaka guda har zuwa rasuwar Bakary a 1998.

## Bibiliyo

* Djibo Bakary, « Silence ! On décolonise » : Itinéraire politique et syndical d'un militant africain, Harmattan, janvier 1993 (ISBN 978-2-296-26319-2, lire en ligne)

## Manazarta