Kayan kiwon lafiya na mutane

**Ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya** (**HHR**) - wanda aka fi sani da ma'aikatan kiwo (**HRH**) ko ma'aikatan lafiya - an bayyana shi a matsayin "duk mutanen da ke cikin ayyukan da ainihin manufar su shine inganta kyakkyawan sakamako na kiwon lafiya", a cewar ''Rahoton Lafiya na Duniya na 2006''. An gano **albarkatun ɗan adam don kiwon lafiya** a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan gine-gine guda shida na tsarin kiwon lafiya. Sun hada da likitoci, masu sana'a na jinya, masu samar da magunguna, masu juna biyu, likitocin hakora, masu sanaʼa na kiwon lafiya, Ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya na al'umma, da sauran masu ba da sabis na zamantakewa da Masu ba da kiwon lafiya. 

Albarkatun ɗan adam na kiwon lafiya sun haɗa da kula da lafiya da ma'aikatan tallafi: waɗanda ba sa ba da kulawar haƙuri kai tsaye amma suna ƙara ƙimar mahimmanci don haɓaka ingantaccen tsarin kiwon lafiya, inganci da daidaito.  Sun haɗa da manajojin sabis na kiwon lafiya, bayanan likita da ƙwararrun bayanan kiwon lafiya, masana tattalin arziki na kiwon lafiya, manajojin samar da lafiya, sakatarorin likita, ma’aikatan kula da kayan aiki, da sauransu. 

Yankin HHR yana hulɗa da batutuwa kamar tsara ma'aikata da kimanta manufofi, daukar ma'aikata le riƙewa, horo da ci gaban ƙwararrun ma'aikata, Gudanar da aikin, tsarin bayanai na ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya, da bincike kan karfafa ma'aikatan lafiya. Bayar da hankali game da muhimmiyar rawar da albarkatun ɗan adam ke takawa a bangaren kiwon lafiya - musamman kamar yadda ya kara tsanantawa ta hanyar karancin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya wanda ya samo asali daga annobar COVID-19 - ya sanya ma'aikatan lafiya a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci a tsarin kiwon Lafiya ta duniya.

## Yanayin Duniya

Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta ɗaga bayanin HHR a matsayin damuwa game da kiwon lafiya ta duniya tare da alamar da aka buga a shekara ta 2006 game da ƙididdigar kusan likitoci miliyan 4.3, masu juna biyu, ma'aikatan jinya da ma'aikatan tallafi don saduwa da Manufofin Ci Gaban Millennium, musamman a Afirka ta kudu. An ayyana halin da ake ciki a ranar kiwon lafiya ta duniya ta 2006 a matsayin "matsalar ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya" - sakamakon shekarun da suka gabata na rashin saka hannun jari a ilimin ma'aikatan lafiya, horo, albashi, yanayin aiki da gudanarwa. WHO a halin yanzu tana shirin karancin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya miliyan 10 a duniya nan da shekara ta 2030, galibi a kasashe masu karamin karfi da matsakaicin matsakaicin kudin shiga.

An kuma bayar da rahoton karancin ƙwararrun ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya a wasu takamaiman wuraren kulawa. Misali, akwai ƙarancin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun likitocin kwakwalwa miliyan 1.18, gami da likitocin ƙwaƙwalwa 55,000, ma'aikatan jinya 628,000 a cikin saitunan lafiyar kwakwalwa, da masu ba da kulawa ta kwakwalwa 493,000 da ake buƙata don magance cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwa a cikin ƙasashe 144 masu ƙarancin kuɗi da matsakaici. Rashin ƙwararrun masu kula da haihuwa a kasashe masu tasowa da yawa ya kasance muhimmiyar cikas ga inganta sakamakon Lafiyar uwa. An gano likitocin ilimin jiki da kwararru na farfadowa ba su da yawa a cikin ƙasashe masu karamin karfi da matsakaici, duk da buƙata mafi girma.

Kasashe da yawa, masu tasowa da masu tasowa, suna ba da rahoton rarrabawar ƙasa na ƙwararrun ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya wanda ke haifar da karancin yankuna a yankunan karkara da wuraren da ba a kula da su ba.

Ci gaban tsaro na kiwon lafiya na duniya da kuma kula da kiwon lafiya ta duniya (UHC) an hana shi ta hanyar matsaloli masu yawa da ke fuskantar ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya a duniya. Rashin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da ake tsammani babbar matsala ce. Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara cewa nan da shekara ta 2030,  za a sami karancin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya miliyan 18 a duk duniya, tare da kasashe masu karamin karfi da matsakaicin matsakaicin karfi da ke ɗauke da rabon wannan nauyi. Samar da ayyukan kiwon lafiya da ake bukata yana da tasiri kai tsaye ta wannan karancin, wanda kuma ke hana burin kafa UHC. Samun damar kiwon lafiya yana da iyaka sosai a wurare da yawa saboda karancin ƙwararrun ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya, musamman ga marasa galihu.

Rarrabawar rashin daidaito na masu sana'a na kiwon lafiya, wanda a bayyane yake yana nuna rata tsakanin birane da ƙauyuka, wani batu ne. Kwararrun masu kiwon lafiya galibi suna mai da hankali a cikin birane, ba su kula da wuraren da aka ware da yankunan karkara ba. Al'ummomin karkara suna fama da mummunar sakamako na kiwon lafiya da rashin daidaito ga kiwon lafiya sakamakon wannan bambancin. Rufe waɗannan bambance-bambance yana buƙatar shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don zanawa da kiyaye masu sana'a a yankunan karkara.

Rashin daidaituwa a cikin ƙwarewa yana sa al'amuran su zama da wahala. Abubuwan da jama'a da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya ke buƙata a wasu lokuta suna da bambanci a wurare da yawa. Misali, ana iya samun ƙwarewa da ƙarancin likitocin kulawa na farko. Wannan rashin daidaituwa yana haifar da gibin a cikin isar da sabis da rashin amfani da albarkatun ɗan adam.

Wadannan matsalolin sun kara muni da barkewar COVID-19. Kashewa, matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa, da kuma yawan raguwa sun fuskanci ƙwararrun masu kiwon lafiya. Dangane da binciken WHO da aka gudanar a 2022, damuwa da ke da alaƙa da annoba ta haifar da kashi 40% na ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya suyi la'akari da barin aikinsu. Ci gaba da tsarin kiwon lafiya yana buƙatar magance taimakon kiwon lafiya na kwakwalwa ga masu kiwon lafiya.

Ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya suna da zurfi ta hanyar jinsi. Mata sun kai sama da kashi 70% na ma'aikata a bangaren kiwon lafiya a duk duniya, duk da haka a shekarar 2023, kashi 25% ne kawai na shugabannin kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya mata ne. Tsarin manufofin kiwon lafiya da yanke shawara suna da tasiri daga wannan bambancin jinsi.

Har yanzu akwai bambancin albashi na jinsi, har ma a cikin kasashe masu arziki. Dangane da binciken 2022, likitocin mata suna yin, a matsakaici, kashi 24% ƙasa da abokan aikinsu na maza.

Har ila yau, akwai bambancin aiki, tare da mata da ke da kashi 90% na matsayi na jinya a duk duniya yayin da maza har yanzu suna da rinjaye a aikin tiyata (19% na mata).  Zaɓuɓɓukan aiki suna ƙuntata ta wannan rarrabuwa, wanda ke da tushe a cikin tarurrukan al'umma. A ƙarshe, haɗuwa tana da mahimmanci saboda mata daga asalin 'yan tsiraru suna da ƙarin cikas ga ci gaban aiki saboda nuna bambanci bisa ga launin fata da jinsi.

Ƙarshen:

Illar cutar ta COVID-19 na ci gaba da kasancewa, ƙarancinsa, rarrabawar da ba ta dace ba, da rashin daidaituwar fasaha suna yin nauyi mai girma a kan ma'aikatan lafiya na duniya.  Rashin daidaiton jinsi ba wai kawai yana gabatar da cikas na tsari ba har ma yana dagewa yana tasiri rayuwa da tsammanin ma'aikatan lafiya a duk faɗin duniya.  Ana buƙatar yunƙurin haɗin kai na kasa da kasa don magance waɗannan matsalolin, tare da mai da hankali kan haɓaka daidaiton jinsi, warware gibin fasaha, da tabbatar da cewa ƙwararrun kiwon lafiya a ko'ina suna da albarkatun da suke buƙata don isar da ingantaccen magani.  Ƙungiyar lafiya ta duniya za ta iya ƙoƙarin haɓaka ma'aikatan lafiya masu juriya da daidaito ta hanyar magance waɗannan batutuwa.

Sabuntawa na yau da kullun game da halin da ake ciki na ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya na duniya an tattara su ta hanyar WHO's Global Health Observatory. Koyaya, tushen shaidar ya kasance ya ragargaje kuma bai cika ba, galibi yana da alaƙa da raunin da ke cikin tsarin bayanan albarkatun ɗan adam (HRIS) a cikin ƙasashe.

Don koyo daga ayyukan da suka fi dacewa wajen magance kalubalen ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da karfafa tushen shaidu, yawan masu aikin HHR daga ko'ina cikin duniya suna mai da hankali kan batutuwa kamar bayar da shawarwari na HHR, daidaito, sa ido da aikin hadin gwiwa. Wasu misalai na haɗin gwiwar HRH na duniya sun haɗa da:

* Cibiyar Ma'aikatan Lafiya ta Duniya
* Mata a cikin Lafiya ta Duniya
* Kungiyar Bayanan Ma'aikata ta Lafiya (HIRG)

## Bincike
Binciken ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya shine binciken yadda abubuwan zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, ƙungiya, siyasa da manufofi ke shafar samun dama ga masu kula da kiwon lafiya, da kuma yadda ƙungiyar da abun da ke cikin ma'aikatan kanta zasu iya shafar isar da kiwon kiwon lafiya, inganci, Tasirin asibiti, daidaito, da farashi. 

Yawancin sassan kiwon lafiya na gwamnati, cibiyoyin ilimi da hukumomin da ke da alaƙa sun kafa shirye-shiryen bincike don ganowa da kuma tantance girman da yanayin matsalolin HHR da ke haifar da Manufofin kiwon lafiya wajen gina ma'aikatan sabis na kiwon lafiya masu ɗorewa a cikin ikonsu. Wasu misalai na bayanan HRH da shirye-shiryen watsa bincike sun hada da:

* Albarkatun Dan Adam don Jaridar Lafiya
* HRH Knowledge Hub, Jami'ar New South Wales, Australia
* Cibiyar Nazarin Ma'aikata ta Lafiya, Jami'ar Albany, New York
* Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Kanada: ''Kudin da Ma'aikatan Lafiya''
* Gidauniyar Lafiya ta Jama'a ta Indiya: albarkatun mutane don Lafiya a Indiya''Albarkatun Dan Adam don Lafiya a Indiya''
* National Human Resources for Health Observatory of Sudan An adana shi 2022-09-09 a 
* OECD Human Resources Study for Health Care

## Horarwa da Ci gaba
Horarwa da ci gaba suna da mahimmanci, musamman a bangaren kiwon lafiya, yayin da suke tabbatar da cewa dakarun kiwon lafiya sun kasance da masaniya da ilimi game da sabbin ci gaba da sababbin abubuwa, wanda ke inganta lafiyar mai haƙuri da kulawa. Hakazalika, ta hanyar nuna wa ma'aikatan cewa ci gaban kwararru yana da daraja, ci gaba da ci gaban kwarewar (CPD) yana ƙara gamsuwa da riƙewa da rage yawan jujjuyawar. Bugu da kari, ƙwararrun ma'aikata suna nuna inganci da daidaitawa, haɓaka ingancin aiki da sauƙaƙe cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya don cika bukatun ka'idoji. Bugu da ƙari, sadaukarwa ga ci gaba da ilmantarwa yana haɓaka yanayi na kerawa da hadin kai, wanda ke inganta sakamakon kiwon lafiya.

Sabbin fasaha sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban ci gaban sashen kiwon lafiya.[1]  Don haka, dole ne kamfanonin kiwon lafiya su ci gaba da sadaukar da kai don inganta ƙwarewa da ƙwarewar ma'aikatansu, musamman a yankunan da ke ba da gasa gasa.  Gudanar da ilimi, horarwa, da haɓaka su ne manyan sassa uku na haɓaka da haɓaka ƙungiyoyi.  Horowa da haɓakawa, a ra'ayin Maimuna, kayan aiki ne da ke taimakawa ɗan adam wajen gano kwazonsa;  a sakamakon haka, suna da mahimmanci ga yawan ma'aikata na ƙungiyar.n Ilimin dijital, idan an tsara shi da aiwatar da shi yadda ya kamata, zai iya ƙarfafa ƙarfin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya ta hanyar isar da ilimi zuwa yankuna masu nisa da ba da damar ci gaba da koyo ga ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya.  Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) tana haɓaka jagorori kan ilimin dijital don ilimin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da horo.  WHO ta magance matsalar ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya ta duniya ta hanyar samar da cikakkun jagorori don inganta ilimin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun kiwon lafiya da horarwa waɗanda ke ba da shawarar sauye-sauye na ilimi, gami da sabunta manhajoji, inganta wuraren koyarwa, da sake duba sharuɗɗan shiga.  Yana jaddada mahimmancin haɓaka da yawa da ingancin ƙwararrun ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya, tabbatar da cewa sun shirya tsaf don magance buƙatun kiwon lafiya, kuma yana nuna wajibcin yin hulɗa tsakanin ma'aikata, kuɗi, kiwon lafiya, da fannonin ilimi don aiwatar da waɗannan sauye-sauye yadda ya kamata tare da cimma babban buri na haɓaka ingantaccen ingantaccen ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya..

Shirye-shiryen Horarwa da yawa da ke cikin bangaren kiwon lafiya sun haɗa da:

1. Horarwa a cikin Shirye-shiryen Jagora da Gudanarwa.

2. Horarwa a Shirye-shiryen Gaggawa.

3. Ci gaba da Ilimi na Kwararru.

4. Horar da ƙwarewar fasaha.

5. Umurni a cikin Tsaron Marasa Lafiya.

6. Horar da Kwarewar Al'adu.

### Ci gaban jagoranci
Gudanar da jagoranci da horo shine don tabbatar da cewa an kafa rundunar kiwon lafiya tare da ƙwarewa da iko don magance ƙalubalen da shingen da aka samu a bangaren kiwon lafiya. Shirye-shiryen horo na iya samar da ayyukan koyarwa na tushen shaida tare da ilmantarwa na kwarewa kuma suna da mahimmanci ga haɓaka shugabannin masu nasara da ƙarfi waɗanda zasu iya kula da rikitarwa na tsarin kiwon lafiya kuma zasu iya inganta sakamakon haƙuri. Misali, a cewar BMJ Leader, shirye-shiryen jagoranci na likita masu inganci akai-akai suna haɗuwa da dabarun koyarwa daban-daban, kamar tarurruka, ayyukan rukuni, da ilmantarwa na aiki, wanda ke inganta sakamako a bangarori da yawa. A cewar Malaman Kimiyya na Kiwon Lafiya, jagorancin canji yana mai da hankali kan bunkasa haɗin amincewa tsakanin shugabannin da ma'aikata, wanda ke inganta cika aikin, motsawa, da asarar ma'aikata.  Wani binciken da Gwamnatin Ma'aikatan Jama'a ta yi ya bincika yadda tsarin aiki mai inganci da ka'idar buƙatun- albarkatun aiki ke da alaƙa da tasirin horo da damar ci gaba akan aikin ma'aikaci a aiki. Binciken ya nuna cewa yawan aiki tsakanin ma'aikatan tarayya yana da alaƙa da samun damar horo da ci gaba. Yana jaddada yadda yake da muhimmanci ga shugabannin su shiga cikin shirye-shiryen ci gaban jagoranci saboda suna ba su kayan aiki don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau na aiki wanda ke inganta aikin ma'aikata da aikin ƙungiya.

### Kalubale da Magani
Horar da kiwon lafiya da ci gaba suna fuskantar matsaloli na musamman kamar damuwa ga ma'aikaci, rikice-rikicen tsarawa, canjin fasaha mai sauri, ka'idojin kula da cututtuka, da kuma iyakantaccen albarkatu. Magani don wannan sun haɗa da sanya shirye-shiryen lafiya, samar da horo mai sauƙi da kan layi, ci gaba da ilimi, da kuma amfani da fasahar gaskiya ta kama-da-wane (VR)  don ƙirƙirar saitunan horo masu kyau. Hakanan za'a iya rage matsalolin kudi ta hanyar samun tallafi da haɗin gwiwa, kuma ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya na iya kasancewa masu ilimi da ƙwarewa ta hanyar horar da ƙira, haɗin gwiwar ƙwararru, da ci gaban ƙwararru. Bincike da ra'ayoyi akai-akai suna kara ingancin horo, wanda a ƙarshe ke inganta gamsuwa da ma'aikata da kula da haƙuri.

### Halin da zai faru a nan gaba
Ana sa ran karɓar fasaha, ilmantarwa na mutum, da ci gaba da ci gaban ƙwararru (CPD) su zama mahimman abubuwan ci gaba na gaba a cikin horo da ci gaba na kiwon lafiya. Ana amfani da gaskiyar kama-da-wane (VR) da fasaha ta wucin gadi (AI) akai-akai don samar da haɗuwa da motsawa da kuma hulɗa. An sanya muhimmancin gaske a kan ci gaba da ilimi da ci gaban sana'a (CPD) don tabbatar da cewa ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya su ci gaba da ci gaba da sababbin abubuwan da suka faru a magani. Manufar waɗannan yanayin shine inganta maganin marasa lafiya da sakamakon su ta hanyar ƙarfafa iyawa da iyawar masu sana'a na kiwon lafiya.

### Manufofin da tsare-tsare
A wasu ƙasashe da hukunce-hukunce, ana rarraba shirin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya tsakanin mahalarta Kasuwar aiki. A wasu, akwai manufofi ko dabarun da gwamnatoci da tsarin suka karɓa don tsara isasshen lambobi, rarrabawa da ingancin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya don cimma burin kiwon lafiya. Ga daya, Majalisar Nurses ta Duniya ta ba da rahoton: Manufar HHRP [tsarin albarkatun kiwon lafiya] shine samar da adadin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da ilimin da ya dace, ƙwarewa, halayen, da cancanta, yin ayyukan da suka dace a wuri mai kyau a lokacin da ya dace don cimma burin kiwon lafiya.Wani muhimmin bangare na manufofin HRH da aka tsara shine samarwa da buƙata, ko amfani da bayanan da suka dace don haɗa bukatun kiwon lafiya na jama'a da / ko manufofin isar da kiwon lafiya tare da samar da albarkatun ɗan adam, rarrabawa da yawan aiki. An yi amfani da sakamakon don samar da manufofi na tushen shaida don jagorantar dorewar ma'aikata. A cikin ƙasashe masu iyaka, hanyoyin tsara HRH galibi ana motsa su ne ta hanyar buƙatun shirye-shiryen da aka yi niyya ko ayyukan, alal misali, waɗanda ke amsawa ga Manufofin Ci Gaban Millennium ko, kwanan nan, Manufofin Ci gaba mai ɗorewa.

WHO Workload Indicators of Staffing Need (WISN) kayan aiki ne na HRH da kuma gudanarwa wanda za'a iya daidaita shi da yanayin gida. Yana ba manajojin kiwon lafiya hanya mai tsari don yin yanke shawara na ma'aikata don inganta sarrafa albarkatun mutum, bisa ga aikin ma'aikacin kiwon lafiya, tare da ƙa'idodin aiki (lokaci) da aka yi amfani da su don kowane ɓangaren aiki a wurin kiwon lafiya da aka ba su. Shirye-shiryen ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa tsarin kiwon lafiya suna da adadin ƙwararrun ma'aikata a wurare masu dacewa a lokutan da suka dace don magance bukatun kulawa. Majalisar Nurses ta Duniya ta bayyana cewa Shirye-shiryen Kula da Lafiya (HHRP) yana da niyyar daidaita yawan ƙwararrun likitocin kiwon lafiya tare da ƙwarewar da ake buƙata, halayen, da cancanta don cimma burin kiwon lafiya da aka kafa. Kyakkyawan Shirye-shiryen Kayan Kayan Kimiyyar Kiwon Lafiya (HHRP) ya dogara sosai da ƙirar wadata da buƙata, ta amfani da bayanai don haɗa bukatun kiwon lafiyar jama'a tare da wadata da yawan albarkatun ɗan adam, don haka sauƙaƙe dorewar ma'aikata. Shirye-shiryen sau da yawa yana jaddada bukatun shirye-shirye, kamar Manufofin Ci Gaban Ci gaba (SDGs), a cikin yanayin da ke da iyaka. Ayyukan WHO masu nuna alamar buƙatun ma'aikata (WISN) suna taimakawa a cikin albarkatun ɗan adam don tsara kiwon lafiya ta hanyar taimaka wa manajojin kiwon lafiya wajen yanke shawara na ma'aikata da ke cikin aikin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da kuma ma'aunin lokaci a wuraren kiwon lafiya.

Shirye-shiryen Albarkatun Dan Adam (HRP) yana da mahimmanci don nasarar ƙungiyoyi.  Yana ba da tabbacin cewa mutanen da suka dace sun mamaye muƙamai masu dacewa, haɓaka ingantaccen aiwatar da ayyukan gudanarwa kamar tsarawa, tsarawa, da jagoranci.  Baya ga aikin yi, tsare-tsare na albarkatun ɗan adam ya ƙunshi dabaru don haɓaka yawan aiki da riƙon ma'aikata, gami da horarwa, kimanta ayyuka, da ƙarfafawa.  Waɗannan haɗin gwiwar ma'aikata da hanyoyin lada ba dabarun ba ne kawai, amma hanya ce ta nuna godiya da ƙarfafa ma'aikata.  Tsare-tsaren albarkatun ɗan adam mai inganci yana ƙarfafa mutane, ƙara yawan aiki, da kuma tabbatar da aiki maras kyau na ƙungiyoyi.  Haɗa shirye-shiryen ma'aikata da ke tafiyar da bayanai tare da waɗannan haɗin gwiwar ma'aikata da hanyoyin lada suna ba da damar tsarin kiwon lafiya da ƙungiyoyi don samun nasara mai dorewa, mai dorewa.

### Dokar Ayyuka ta Duniya kan Ma'aikatan Lafiya na Duniya
Babban tsarin manufofin kasa da kasa don magance karancin da rashin rarraba kwararrun kiwon lafiya shi ne ka'idar aiki ta duniya kan daukar ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya na kasa da kasa, wanda majalisar kula da lafiya ta duniya WHO ta amince da shi a shekara ta 2010. An kirkiro kundin ne a cikin mahallin kara muhawara kan daukar ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya na kasa da kasa, musamman ma a wasu manyan kasashe masu samun kudin shiga, da tasirinta kan iyawar ayyukan kiwon lafiya da yawa na kasashe na uku.  Ko da yake ba ta dawwama kan Membobin Ƙasashe da hukumomin daukar ma'aikata, Ƙididdiga na haɓaka ƙa'idodi da ayyuka don ɗa'a na ma'aikatan lafiya na duniya.  Hakanan yana ba da shawarar ƙarfafa tsarin bayanan ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya don tallafawa ingantattun manufofi da tsare-tsare na ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya a cikin ƙasashe

## Jima'i da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya
WHO ta kiyasta cewa mata sun ƙunshi kusan kashi 70% na ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya na duniya, amma daidaito tsakanin jinsi ya kasance mai rikitarwa. Gudummawar mata ga kiwon lafiya da ayyukan kula da jama'a ba su da daraja sosai; kasuwannin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya a duk duniya suna ci gaba da kasancewa tare da rarrabewar aiki ta jinsi, yanayin aiki mara isasshen ba tare da nuna bambanci ga jinsi da cin zarafin jima'i ba, gibin albashi na jinsi, da rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi a cikin jagoranci. Nazarin HHR da yawa sun nuna mata masu ba da kiwon lafiya suna samun ƙasa da matsakaici fiye da maza duk da irin waɗannan lakabi na sana'a, cancanta da nauyin aiki.   A halin yanzu, kimanin kashi 75% na matsayin shugabancin HHR maza ne ke rike da su.

## Dubi kuma

* Masu ba da kiwon lafiya
* Tsarin kiwon lafiya
* Albarkatun mutane don tsarin bayanai na kiwon lafiya
* Human Resources for Health, mujallar budewa
* Ilimi na sana'a da aiki tare a cikin kiwon lafiya
* Rashin likitoci / Rashin jinya

## Manazarta