open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Daniel Aaron

**Daniel Aaron** (Agusta 4, 1912 - Afrilu 30, 2016) marubuci ne kuma masanin ilimi ɗan Amurka wanda ya taimaka wajen kafa Laburare na Amurka . 

## Ilimi
An haifi Daniel Baruch Aaron, ɗan Yahudawan da suka yi ƙaura daga Rasha a shekarar 1912.  Aaron ya sami digirin BA daga Jami'ar Michigan, daga baya ya ci gaba da karatun digiri a Jami'ar Harvard .  A shekarar 1937, Aaron ya zama na farko da ya kammala karatun digiri a fannin "Wayewar Amurka" daga Jami'ar Harvard . 

## Sana'a

### Rubutu
Aaron ya buga takardarsa ta ilimi ta farko a shekarar 1935, "Melville and the Missionaries". Ya rubuta bincike kan Renaissance na Amurka, Yaƙin Basasa, da marubutan ci gaba na Amurka. Aikinsa na ƙarshe shine tarihin rayuwarsa, *The Americanist* (2007).  Ya gyara littattafan tarihin mawaƙin Amurka Arthur Crew Inman (1895–1963): kimanin kalmomi miliyan 17 daga 1919 zuwa 1963.  Ya rubuta labarai da dama don *New York Review of Books* . 

### Koyarwa
Aaron ya koyar a Kwalejin Smith tsawon shekaru talatin da kuma a Harvard (1971–1983). Shi ne Farfesa Victor S. Thomas na Turanci da Adabin Amurka na Emeritus a Harvard.  Ɗansa, Jonathan Aaron, ƙwararren mawaƙi ne wanda ke da digirin digirgir daga Jami'ar Yale kuma yana koyar da rubutu a Kwalejin Emerson da ke Boston, Massachusetts.

### Bugawa
A shekarar 1979, ya taimaka wajen kafa Laburare na Amurka, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ƙasa har zuwa 1985 kuma memba na kwamitin gudanarwa kuma ya ci gaba da zama memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na emumeritus.

## Ganewa
An zaɓe Aaron a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a shekarar 1973  kuma memba na Kwalejin Fasaha da Wasiku ta Amurka a shekarar 1977. 

Jami'ar Harvard ta ba shi digirin girmamawa na Doctor of Letters a shekarar 2007. 

A shekara ta 2010, ya sami lambar yabo ta ƙasa kan harkokin ɗan adam,    wanda ambatonsa ya ce:

## Zaɓaɓɓun ayyuka

### Rubutu

* *Littafin Commonplace, 1934-2012* (Mai Buga Wafer 2015) 
* *Littafin Tace-tace* ( Mai Latsa Wafer 2014 )
* *Ɗan Amurka* (2007). 
* *Bayanan Amurka: Zaɓaɓɓun Makaloli* (1994). 
* *Cincinnati, Sarauniyar Birnin Yamma: 1819-1838* (1992) 
* *Yaƙin da Ba a Rubuta ba: Marubutan Amurka da Yaƙin Basasa* (1973) 
* *Amurka a Cikin Matsala: Abubuwa Goma Sha Huɗu Masu Muhimmanci a Tarihin Amurka* (1971) 
* *Marubuta a Hagu: Kashi a cikin Kwaminisancin Adabi na Amurka* (1961,  1974 da 1992  )
* *Mutanen Fata Mai Kyau* (1951) 

### Gyara

* Arthur Crew Inman, *Daga Ɗaki Mai Duhu: Littafin Diary na Inman*, edita Daniel Aaron (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996)
* Arthur Crew Inman, *Littafin Diary na Inman: Ikirarin Jama'a da na Sirri* (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985)
* Paul Elmer More, *Makaloli na Shelburne akan Adabin Amurka*, edita Daniel Aaron (New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1963)

## Duba kuma

* Jerin membobin Kwalejin Fasaha da Wasiku ta Amurka Sashen Adabi

## Manazarta
Jerin shafukan Superfund a Illinois

Wannan **jerin wuraren [[Superfund]] ne da aka ware a [[Illinois]]** a ƙarƙashin Dokar Amsawa da Muhalli, Diyya, da Alhaki ta Cikakken Dokar (CERCLA). Waɗannan rukunin yanar gizon an jera su a cikin Jerin Fifiko na Ƙasa . Shafuka 13 an jera su a ƙasa.

## Shafukan Superfund

: 
: 
: 

## Manazarta
Gidan shakatawa na Aberdare

**Wurin shakatawa na ƙasa na Aberdare** yanki ne mai kariya a cikin tsaunukan Aberdare da ke tsakiyar Kenya wanda ke gabashin kwarin Rift na Gabashin Afirka .  Ya mamaye manyan yankuna da kuma Aberdare Salient a gabas.

## Bayani

Wurin shakatawa yana da kimanin mita 100&nbsp;kilomita arewacin Nairobi kuma ya miƙe a kan wurare daban-daban a tsayi daga  zuwa  . An kafa Aberdare National Park a watan Mayun 1950, kuma ya ƙunshi faɗin murabba'in kilomita 767 kuma ya zama wani ɓangare na Dutsen Aberdare. Wurin shakatawa ya ƙunshi wurare daban-daban - daga kololuwar tsaunukan da suka kai  zuwa kwaruruka masu zurfi, masu siffar v waɗanda rafuka, koguna, da magudanar ruwa suka haɗu. Ana samun dazuzzukan Moorland, dazuzzukan bamboo da kuma dazuzzukan ruwan sama a ƙananan tsaunuka.

## Tarihi
An fi sanin wurin shakatawa na ƙasa na Aberdare a matsayin wurin da a shekarar 1952, Elizabeth ta biyu ta zama Sarauniya bayan rasuwar mahaifinta Sarki George na VI, yayin da take zaune a Otal ɗin Treetops .  An kafa wurin shakatawa na ƙasa na Aberdare a shekarar 1950 da nufin kiyayewa da kare tsaunukan Aberdare. Tun daga lokacin ya girma zuwa girman yanki na .

## Namun daji
Namun daji da ke yankin da aka kare sun haɗa da zaki, damisa, giwa, karen daji na Gabashin Afirka, babban naman daji na daji, bushbuck, dutsen reedbuck, waterbuck, Cape buffalo, suni, jackal mai layi-layi, eland, duiker, olive birai, baki da fari na colobus, da kuma sykes birai . Abubuwan da ba kasafai ake gani ba sun haɗa da na kyanwar Afirka ta zinariya da bongo . Ana samun nau'ikan kamar na gama gari da serval a cikin tsaunukan daji. Aberdare National Park kuma tana ɗauke da adadi mai yawa na karkanda baƙi na gabas da nau'ikan tsuntsaye sama da 250, ciki har da Aberdare cisticola da ke cikin haɗari, Jackson's spurfowl, sparrowhawk, African goshawk, African kifin gaggafa, sunbirds da plovers .

## Manazarta
Tarihin Ilimi Mafi Girma na Mata a Kudu, Kafin 1860

***Tarihin Ilimi Mai Girma na Mata a Kudu, Kafin 1860*** IME Blandin ne ya rubuta shi kuma Kamfanin Buga Littattafai na Neale ya buga shi a 1909. Littafin mai shafuka 327 ya ƙunshi bayanai kan ɗaruruwan makarantu a Kudancin Amurka .  Marubucin ya fi mai da hankali kan lokacin da ya gabaci 1860, amma a lokuta da yawa, ana kawo bayanan zuwa lokacin bugawa. 

Yawancin bayanin suna da ɗan gajeren bayani, wasu kuma kusan sun kai ga kundin makarantar, makarantar ko cibiyar, kamar yadda lamarin yake, suna lissafa rassan karatu da aka koyar a can, ikon karatu na shekaru masu zuwa, waɗanda suka kammala karatun, da kuma digirinsu daban-daban. Manhajojin da aka bayyana a mafi yawan lokuta suna ba da ilimi daban-daban da na manyan makarantu kamar yadda aka tsara a lokacin da aka buga littafin. Wasu daga cikin shari'o'in suna zuwa ne a ƙarƙashin jagorancin ilimin firamare. Littafin ya wargaje maimakon haɗa bayanan da aka gabatar, kuma bai bayar da wani tabbataccen ƙarshe game da sakamakon wannan ilimin ba. Gabaɗaya, tarihin makarantun ne kawai, ba na ilimin da ya haifar ba. 

## Manazarta
Mirzan Mahathir

Mirzan bin Mahathir (Jawi; an haife shi a ranar 26 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1958) ɗan kasuwa ne na Malaysia wanda kuma shi ne ɗan na biyu na Mahathir Mohamad, Firayim Minista na 4 da na 7 na Malaysia .

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Mirzan bin Mahathir a Alor Setar, Kedah, Tarayyar Malaya (yanzu Malaysia) a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba 1958. Shi ne ɗan na biyu na Mahathir Mohamad da Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali bayan haihuwar 'yar'uwarsa, Marina Mahathir a shekarar da ta gabata. Mirzan ya sami ilimin farko a Kwalejin Sultan Abdul Hamid . Ya sami digiri na farko na Kimiyya (BSc) a Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta daga Jami'ar Brighton, Ingila (1979-1982) da kuma Jagoran Kasuwanci (MBA) daga Makarantar Wharton, Amurka (1986-1987). 

## Ayyukan kasuwanci
Mirzan ya fara aiki ga Kamfanin Ciniki na Duniya na IBM na tsawon shekaru uku sannan ya yi aiki a banki na saka hannun jari na tsawon shekaru hudu tare da Salomon Brothers. A watan Satumbar 1992, an nada shi a cikin Kwamitin Konsortium Logistik Berhad . A watan Janairun 1996, an jera kamfanin a kan Bursa Malaysia . Shi babban mai hannun jari ne na Konsortium kuma yana da matsayin Shugaban da Babban Shugaban Crescent Capital, kamfani mai ba da shawara kan dabarun da kudi. Ya zuwa 2018, Mirzam yana da dukiyar RM miliyan 780.00 a cikin kadarori da hannun jari.

## Rashin jituwa da batutuwa

### Umurnin sanar da kadarorin MACC
Mahaifinsa, Mahathir Mohamad ya bayyana cewa an yi wa ɗansa, Mirzan, barazanar hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru biyar. Ya kara da cewa, "Ana tuhumar ɗana da barazanar idan ya yi wani abu da mai gabatar da kara ya yi la'akari da cewa ya saba wa zargin da za a ɗaure shi na tsawon shekaru biyar. Babu wani ambaton cewa za a kawo shi kotu. A waje (kafin ya zama) gwamnati, magana ne game da zalunci na hukumomi. " jiya, Hukumar yaki da cin hanci da rashawa ta Malaysia (MACC) ta umarci da Mirzan ya ayyana duk kadarorin da ba za a iya motsawa da ba za'a iya motsawa ba za a mallaka ba, ko a cikin ranar 30 daga waje. MACC ce ta ba da umarnin bayan hukumar ta ba da sanarwa ta umarni a karkashin Sashe na 36 (1) (b) na Dokar MACC ta 2009. [undefined] Duk da wannan, shi da ƙaramin ɗan'uwansa, Mokhzani Mahathir, sun bayyana dukiyarsu ga MACC a cikin ƙayyadadden lokacin.[1]

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Mirzan ta auri Jane Hint Husainy Abdullah kuma tana da 'ya'ya hudu.

## Manazarta
Marina Mahathir

**Marina binti Mahathir** (an haife ta a 11 ga Mayu 1957)  (Jawi: مرينة بنت محاضر) 'yar gwagwarmayar zamantakewar siyasa ce ta Malaysian kuma marubuciya. Ita ce 'yar fari ta Firayim Minista na 4 da 7 na Malaysia, Mahathir Mohamad da Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali .  Ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Sussex .

## Ayyuka

Marina jagora ce mai ƙarfi a cikin kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da yawa kamar Gidauniyar cutar kanjamau ta Malaysia kuma Mai rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo ne na zamantakewar al'umma. Ta kuma rubuta a cikin shafi na mako-mako da ake kira Musings a cikin jaridar The Star tun daga shekara ta 1989. [1] Wasu daga cikin sassanta a cikin shafi an buga su a cikin littattafanta kamar 50 Days: Rantings by MM, wanda aka buga a 1997 da Telling It Straight, wanda aka wallafa a 2012 ta Editions Didier Millet . [1] Wannan na ƙarshe shine zaɓi na labaran da aka buga a cikin shafi tsakanin 2003 da 2012. Ya haɗa da gabatarwar Dokta Farish A. Noor, masanin kimiyyar siyasa da masanin tarihi na gida. Ya ƙunshi labarai 90 waɗanda aka rubuta su da jigogi ciki har da gabatarwa ta musamman game da batutuwan da aka tattauna a cikin littafin. Har ila yau, ya haɗa da labaran da ba a buga su ba a baya.[2]

Ita mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata ce. A shekara ta 2006 ta bayyana matsayin mata Musulmi a Malaysia kamar yadda yake kama da na Black South African a karkashin wariyar launin fata. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

Marina ta yi kira ga kawo karshen nuna bambanci bisa ga yanayin jima'i a cikin 1998 da 1999.

Ta bayyana a cikin Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad's Documentary da aka fitar a ƙarshen 2009 tare da sauran mambobin iyalin Mahathir. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

A shekara ta 2010, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Mutumin Shekara ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya saboda aikin sa kai na yaki da cutar HIV / AIDS. 

A cikin 2016 Marina ta yi tir da lalata Al'adun Malaysia da al'adun da ta fahimta a matsayin 'masu Mulkin mallaka na Larabawa'. 

A watan Janairun 2018, biyo bayan wani lamari na kwayar cutar da wani musulmi ya buge wata musulmi saboda rashin sa hijabi, Marina ta yi gargadin cewa Musulunci na Malaysia zai raba kasar. Ta yi magana game da Musulunci a matsayin "wani nau'i na mulkin mallaka, ra'ayi wanda ba a taɓa san shi da rashin tashin hankali ba".

## Rayuwa ta mutum
A ranar 7 ga Yuni 1998 Marina ta auri Tara Sosrowardoyo, sanannen mai daukar hoto na Indonesia. Suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu da ɗa.

## Dubi kuma

* Mata a Malaysia
* Hakkin LGBT a Malaysia

## Manazarta
Mokhzani Mahathir

**Mokhzani bin Mahathir** (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1961) ɗan kasuwa ne na Malaysian . Ya yi aiki a matsayin injiniyan man fetur kafin ya kafa kamfanin kera kayan man fetur Kencana Petroleum . Kencana Petroleum daga baya ya haɗu da SapuraCrest don samar da SapuraKencana Petroleum . Kamfanin yanzu an san shi da Sapura Energy . 

Mokhzani ya kasance babban jami'i a Kedah UMNO, amma tun daga lokacin ya yi ritaya daga siyasa. Shi ne ɗan fari na biyu na tsohon Firayim Minista na Malaysia Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad .

## Ayyuka
Kamar ƙanensa Mukhriz, Mokhzani ɗan kasuwa ne kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Malays ta United (UMNO), kuma a wani lokaci yana aiki a matsayin mai ba da kuɗi na Ƙungiyar Matasa.[1][2] Ya zuwa shekara ta 2006, Mokhzani ya kasance wakilin UMNO na ɗaya daga cikin mazabar a Kedah, amma tun daga lokacin ya kasance ba ya aiki a cikin ayyukansa na siyasa.[3] A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2008, ya bi sawun mahaifinsa ya bar UMNO, bayan shekaru 22 a matsayin memba na reshen Sungai Layar Hujung na UMNO.[4][5]

A watan Yunin 2019, Mokhzani ya yi murabus daga dukkan mukamai a cikin Opcom Group saboda " dalilai na kansa".

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Mokhzani a halin yanzu ta auri Mastisa Mohamed, wata 'yar kasuwa. Tare suna da 'ya'ya biyar, kuma a halin yanzu suna zaune a Kuala Lumpur.

## Albarkatar kaina
An lissafa Mokhzani a matsayin mutum na 14 mafi arziki a Malaysia ta *Forbes Asiya* tare da kimanta darajar dala miliyan 685 a shekarar 2012.  Mokhzani ya kuma kasance shugaban kungiyar Sepang International Circuit . 

## Daraja

* 
** Kwamandan Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (PSM) - **Tan Sri** (2014)  
* 
** Knight Companion na Order of Loyalty to the Royal House of Kedah (DSDK) - **Dato**' (2001) 

## Manazarta
Nyangatom people

'Yan **Nyangatom** waɗanda aka fi sani da **Donyiro** da kuma **Bumé**, a takaice, masu kiwon dabbobi ne da ke zaune a kan iyakar kudu maso yammacin Habasha, kudu maso gabashin Sudan ta Kudu, da kuma yankin Ilemi Triangle .  Suna magana da yaren Nyangatom .

## Bayani
Nyangatom membobin ƙungiyar Ateker ko Karamojong ne waɗanda suka ƙunshi Turkana, Toposa, Karamojong, Iteso (Kenya DA Uganda), Ibo People (Nigeria) da Jie waɗanda ke jin harsuna masu alaƙa. Sun kai kimanin 30,000  tare da yawan jama'a a Sudan ta Kudu da Habasha. Yawancin Nyangatom makiyaya ne, suna zaune a ƙauyukan dabbobi masu motsi waɗanda za su iya ƙaura sau da yawa a shekara. Yawancin Nyangatom kuma suna zaune a ƙauyuka masu nisa. Yana da sauƙi ga mutane su yi ƙaura tsakanin sansanonin shanu masu motsi da ƙauyuka masu nisa. 

'Yan kabilar Nyangatom suna da rikici na lokaci-lokaci da maƙwabtansu da yawa, musamman Turkana, Dassanetch, da Suri .  Duk da haɗarin rikicin ƙungiyoyi, yawancin Nyangatom suna da abokai na ƙulla alaƙa da membobin wasu ƙungiyoyi kuma akwai alaƙar kasuwanci tsakanin Nyangatom da maƙwabtansu da yawa.

Tare da sauran ƙungiyoyi a ƙananan kwarin Omo, Nyangatom suna fuskantar ƙalubale ga rayuwarsu ta gaba da al'adun gargajiya saboda manyan ayyukan noma da ake gudanarwa a yankunansu.  

## Manazarta
Koman languages

**Harsunan Koman** ƙaramin iyali ne na harsuna masu haɗin kai waɗanda ke kan iyakar Habasha da Sudan, tare da masu magana da kusan 50,000. An saba rarraba su a matsayin wani ɓangare na dangin Nilo-Saharan . Duk da haka, saboda ƙarancin shaida, masana da yawa suna ɗaukar ta a matsayin dangin harshe mai zaman kansa. Daga cikin masana waɗanda suka yarda da haɗa ta cikin Nilo-Saharan, ra'ayoyi sun bambanta game da matsayinsu a cikin ta.

Harsunan Koman a Habasha suna da kusanci da harsunan Omotic Mao . A Habasha, wasu ƙungiyoyin masu magana da Koman suma suna ɗaukar kansu a matsayin Mao na ƙabila. 

## Rarraba Cikin Gida
Harsunan Koman sune:

* Koman
** Uduk, ko T'wampa, (a da can yana Kudancin Sudan ) — kimanin masu magana 20,000, yawancinsu a wani babban sansanin 'yan gudun hijira da ke Bonga, kusa da Gambela
** Kwama ( Ethiopia ) - kusan masu magana 15,000, musamman a cikin Benishangul-Gumuz
** Komo ( Sudan ) - kusan masu magana 12,000 galibi a cikin An Nil al Azraq
** Opuuo (Opo), ko Shita ( Habasha ) — ana magana da su a ƙauyuka 5 a arewacin Nuer waɗanda kimanin mutane 5,000 ke magana da su.
** Dana, wani sabon harshe da aka gano wanda ke kusa da Opo
** Gule ( Sudan ) — ya shuɗe

Harshen Shabo da ba a san shi sosai ba (masu magana da harshen 600) yana nuna ƙarfin tasirin Koman, kuma an yi nuni da cewa (ba tare da wata shaida ba) yana iya zama harshen Koman. Gabaɗaya ana rarraba Gule a matsayin Koman, amma shaidar ba ta isa ba tukuna.

### Otero (2019)
Rarraba cikin gida na Otero's (2019: 28) na Koman: 
 

## Rarrabawa ta waje
Dimmendaal (2008) ya lura cewa shaidun nahawu da ke ƙaruwa sun sa shawarar Nilo-Saharan ta zama mafi inganci tun lokacin da Greenberg ya gabatar da ita a 1963 amma ba a sami irin wannan shaidar ga Songhay, Gumuz, da Koman ba: "kaɗan daga cikin alamomin siffa da na magana da aka fi sani da Nilo-Saharan da aka tabbatar a cikin harsunan Coman da Gumuz ... Matsayinsu na kwayoyin halitta ya ci gaba da zama abin muhawara, galibi saboda rashin cikakkun bayanai." (2008:843) Kuma daga baya, "A taƙaice yanayin ilimin da ake ciki a yanzu, ... ana iya gano iyalai ko phyla masu zuwa: ... Mande, Songhai, Ubangian, Kadu, da harsunan Coman da Gumuz." (2008:844) Duk da haka, Ahland (2010) ya ba da rahoton cewa tare da ingantaccen shaida, duka Koman da Gumuz sun bayyana a matsayin Nilo-Saharan, kuma wataƙila sun fi kusanci da juna.

## Sake Ginawa
An sake gina Proto-Koman ta hannun Lionel Bender (1983)  da Otero (2019). 

## Lambobi
Kwatanta lambobi a cikin harsuna daban-daban: 

## Duba kuma

*  (Wiktionary)

## Manazarta
Jina language

**Jina** (Zina) yaren Afroasiatic ne na Kamaru . Bambancin Muxule na iya zama yare dabam.

Ana magana da Jina a cikin yankin Zina, wanda ke kudu da Logone-Birni commune. Ana magana da Muxule a wasu ƙauyuka da ke arewacin Logone-Birni (sashen Logone-et-Chari, Yankin Arewa Mai Nisa) ta masu magana 1,500. Mutanen Zina suna da'awar sun fi Muxule fahimtar Lagwan da Munjuk . 

## Ilimin sautuka

An yi nazarin Jina a matsayin mai sautuka guda biyu kawai; /a/ da /ə/. 

## Manazarta
Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a (Malaysia)

Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a (Malay), wanda aka taƙaita JPA ko PSD, yana da alhakin hidimar jama'a a Malaysia.[1]

## Dubi kuma
* Darakta Janar na Ayyukan Jama'a (Malaysia) 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Dilip Abreu

**Dilip Abreu** masanin tattalin arziki ne ɗan asalin ƙasar Indiya wanda a halin yanzu Farfesa ne a fannin tattalin arziki a Jami'ar New York.  Abreu zaɓaɓɓen memba ne na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka da Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziki . 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Abreu ya girma a Kudancin Mumbai, kuma ya halarci Makarantar St Mary.  Ya sami digiri na farko a fannin tattalin arziki da kididdiga daga Kwalejin Elphinstone da ke Jami'ar Mumbai a shekarar 1975, da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin tattalin arziki da tattalin arziki daga Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta Delhi da ke Jami'ar Delhi a shekarar 1978. Ya sake samun wani digiri na biyu a fannin tattalin arziki da tattalin arziki na lissafi daga Kwalejin Balliol da ke Jami'ar Oxford a shekarar 1980.   Ya yi rajista a shirin digiri na uku a fannin tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Princeton a karkashin kulawar Hugo Sonnenschein, inda ya kammala cikin shekaru uku.  Don takardar digirinsa ta PhD, mai taken *Wasannin da aka Maimaita tare da Rangwame: Ka'idar Janar da Aikace-aikacen Oligopoly*, Abreu ya yi nazarin hulɗa mai maimaitawa tsakanin wakilan dabarun da ke da sha'awar kai. 

## Sana'a
Abreu ya shiga karatun digirin digirgir a Jami'ar Minnesota a shekarar 1983. Nadinsa na farko ya kasance mataimakin farfesa a Jami'ar Harvard a shekarar 1984. Ya shiga sashen tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Princeton a matsayin cikakken farfesa a shekarar 1990. Ya yi ɗan gajeren aiki a Jami'ar Yale daga 1995 zuwa 1997, inda ya koma Princeton a matsayin Edward E. Matthews, Ajin 1953, Farfesa na Kudi kuma Farfesa na Tattalin Arziki. Ya kasance malami a Jami'ar Princeton tsawon shekaru 25 jimilla.

## Littattafai da aka zaɓa

* 
* 

## Manazarta
Feversham Girls' Academy

**Kwalejin 'yan mata ta Feversham** (tsohuwar Kwalejin Feversham) makarantar sakandare ce ta Islama kuma ta shida ga 'yan mata da ke yankin Undercliffe na Bradford, a cikin gundumar Ingilishi ta Yammacin Yorkshire.

An kafa ta a cikin 1994 a matsayin makaranta mai zaman kanta, kafin ta zama makarantar taimakon sa kai da ke samun tallafi na jiha a cikin 2001, tana daidaitawa da Majalisar Birni na Bradford don shiga. Makarantar ta koma matsayin ilimi a cikin 2011.

Kwalejin 'yan mata ta Feversham tana ba da GCSEs da 'yan ƙasa na Cambridge a matsayin shirye-shiryen karatu ga ɗalibai, yayin da ɗalibai a cikin siga na shida suna da zaɓi don yin karatu daga kewayon A-matakan da BTECs. Makarantar kuma tana da kwarewa a fannin kimiyya.

## Manazarta
Jan D. Achenbach

**Jan Drewes Achenbach** (20 ga Agusta 1935 – 22 ga Agusta 2020)  injiniya ne ɗan ƙasar Holland-Amurka wanda yake a sashen Jami'ar Northwestern daga 1963 har zuwa lokacin da ya yi ritaya.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Achenbach a Leeuwarden da ke arewacin Netherlands . Ya yi karatun kimiyyar sararin samaniya a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Delft, inda ya kammala karatun digiri na M.Sc. a shekarar 1959. Bayan haka, ya tafi Jami'ar Stanford, inda ya sami digiri na uku a shekarar 1962. Bayan shekara guda a Jami'ar Columbia, ya zama mataimakin farfesa a Jami'ar Northwestern, inda ya shafe sauran aikinsa. 

## Bincike
Achenbach ya ƙirƙiro hanyoyin gano lahani da kuma tantance su ta hanyar amfani da na'urorin canza yanayin hulɗa, hanyar amfani da na'urar duba sauti ta hanyar amfani da hasken rana (acoustic microscope). Ya kuma ƙirƙiro hanyoyin tantance sirara ta hanyar amfani da na'urar duba sauti .

Achenbach shine babban editan *Wave Motion* tun daga kafa mujallar a shekarar 1979 har zuwa 2012.

## Daraja da kyaututtuka

### Kyaututtuka

* 2012 – Lambar Yabo ta ASME ta Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyi ta Amurka 
* 2010 – Lambar Yabo ta Theodore von Karman daga Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyi ta Amurka 
* 2005 – Lambar Yabo ta Ƙasa ta Kimiyya 
* 2003 – Lambar Yabo ta Fasaha ta Ƙasa 
* 2001 – Lambar Yabo ta William Prager daga Ƙungiyar Kimiyyar Injiniya 
* 1997 – Kyautar Hidima Mai Kyau daga Kwalejin Makanikai ta Amurka 
* 1996 - Kyautar Samfurin Samaniya ta McDonnell-Douglas ta McDonnell-Douglas Aerospace 
* 1992 – Lambar Yabo ta Timoshenko daga Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyi ta Amurka 
* 1975 – Kyautar Bincike ta Curtis W. McGraw ta Ƙungiyar Ilimi ta Injiniya ta Amurka 

### Membobi da ƙungiyoyin tallafi

* Memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa
* Memba na Kwalejin Injiniya ta Ƙasa
* Ɗan Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka
* Memba Mai Girma na Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyi ta Amurka
* Ɗan ƙungiyar ci gaban kimiyya ta Amurka (1994) 
* Ɗan ƙungiyar Japan don haɓaka kimiyya
* Memba mai alaƙa da Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Royal Netherlands (1999) 
* Ɗan ƙungiyar Acoustical Society of America
* Ɗan Kwalejin Makanikai ta Amurka

## Littattafai

## Manazarta
Darul Uloom Bury

**Darul Uloom Al Arabiya Al Islamiyya**, wacce aka fi sani da Darul Uloom Bury,  an kafa ta a shekara ta 1979 kuma ita ce makarantar hauza mafi tsufa a kasar Ingila. Ana zaune a Holcombe, Bury, ya dogara ne akan manhajar Dars-e-Nizami da aka samu a duk faɗin duniya. Marigayi Hadhrat Moulana Yusuf Motala ne ya assasa shi.

## Shirye-shirye
Tana karbar dalibai daga shekara 11 zuwa 23, tana ba da karatun sakandare ga yara kanana da kuma ilimin Musulunci zuwa wani mataki na gaba.

## Dubi kuma

* Darul Uloom Al-Madani
* Darul Uloom London
* Darul Uloom Zakaria 
* Madinatul Uloom Al-Islamiyya 
* Mazahirul Uloom Saharanpur

## Manazarta
Darul Hadis Latifiah Northwest

**Darul Hadis Latifiah Northwest** (Larabci: دار الحديث لطيفية) makarantar Islamiyya ce mai zaman kanta ta yara maza masu shekaru 11 zuwa 16 a Oldham, Greater Manchester, England. Iyaye da shugabannin al'umma ne suka kafa shi a cikin 2012.

## Tarihi
An kafa Darul Hadis Latifiah Northwest a 2012 a hannun Maulana Husam Uddin Chowdhury Fultali da dansa Maulana Hasan Chowdhury Fultali.

## Dubi kuma

* Badedeorail Fultali Kamil Madrasa 
* Darul Hadis Latifiah

## Manazarta
Star Chamber Academy

**Star Chamber Academy** wata makaranta ce ta Nation of Islam (NOI) da ke aiki a gundumar Hammersmith da Fulham, yammacin London.

A cikin 1998 makarantar tana da ɗalibai 60 tsakanin shekaru biyar zuwa shida. Makarantar, wacce ita ce Cibiyar Al'umma ta Simba a Shepherd's Bush, ta koyar da ingantaccen tsarin karatu na Burtaniya ban da tarihin Afirka, tarihin baƙaƙen tarihi, da ayyukan NOI. Majalisar Hammersmith da Fulham, wacce ta mallaki cibiyar Simba, ta umurci makarantar da ta tashi. Bugu da kari ma’aikatar ilimi da aikin yi ta yi barazanar rufe makarantar idan ba ta yi rajista da sashen ba.Magoya bayan NOI sun nuna rashin amincewa da shirin korar da shirin rufewa. A shekara ta 1999 ba a kori makarantar daga cibiyar al'umma ba, kuma ta yi rajista da sashen kafin wa'adin.Koyaya, makarantar ba ta aiki.

## Manazarta
Ma'aikatar Mahathir ta farko

Wannan jerin sunayen mambobin majalisar ministoci ta biyu na Firayim Minista na hudu na Malaysia, Mahathir Mohamad.

## Rubuce-rubuce

### Cikakken mambobi
Ma'aikatar tarayya ta kunshi ministoci masu zuwa:

### Mataimakan ministoci

## Rubuce-rubuce kafin rushewar majalisa

### Cikakken mambobi

## Dubi kuma

* Mambobin Dewan Rakyat, Majalisar Dokokin Malaysia ta 5
* List of parliamentary secretaries of Malaysia § First Mahathir cabinet

## Manazarta
Mahathir, na Musical

Mahathir, the Musical wani kiɗa ne na Malaysia wanda aka shirya a Istana Budaya a Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, daga 24 ga Satumba zuwa 4 ga Oktoba, 2010.  Cibiyoyin kiɗa suna kewaye da tsohon Firayim Ministan Malaysia Mahathir Mohamad .  Wasan ya sami amsa mai yawa daga jama'a har ma kafin a fara shi.

## Bayani game da shi
Wasan ya biyo bayan rayuwar Mahathir, yana bin diddigin asalinsa na karkara, 'yancin Malaysia daga Burtaniya a shekara ta 1957, da kuma nasarar Mahathir lokacin da ya shiga ofishin siyasa a cikin shekarun 1960. [1] Har ila yau, ya nuna Mahathir a matsayin mai hangen nesa, yana bin diddigin tafiyarsa daga lokacin yaro na sayar da balloons don samun karin kuɗi, har zuwa hauhawar zuwa ofishin mafi girma na ƙasar a 1981, da kuma lokacinsa a ofis kafin ya yi ritaya a 2003. [2]

## Masu ba da labari

## Dubi kuma

* *Gidan wasan kwaikwayo Tun Siti Hasmah*

## Manazarta
Kyautar Kimiyya ta Mahathir

Kyautar Kimiyya ta Mahathir kyauta ce don kyawawan gudummawa a kimiyya da fasaha waɗanda ke magance batutuwan da suka shafi wurare masu zafi.[1][2] An kafa Gidauniyar ne a ranar 17 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2004 don girmama tsohon Firayim Minista na Malaysia Mahathir Mohamad . [3][4] Gidauniyar Kyautar Kimiyya ta Mahathir ce ta gabatar da shi.

## Wadanda suka lashe kyautar

* Alimuddin Zumla
* Hugh Possingham
* Kerrie Wilson
* Erik Meijaard
* Rita R. Colwell
* Alan Cowman
* Yuan Longping

## Manazarta
Andalusia Academy

**Andalusia Academy** makaranta ce mai zaman kanta a cikin birnin Bristol, Ingila. Kafin a rufe ta, ita ce kawai makaranta mai zaman kanta ta cikakken lokaci tare da ka'idodin Musulunci a Kudancin Yammacin Ingila.

An bude makarantar a shekara ta 2005 kuma kungiyar Bristol Islamic Schools Trust (BIST) ce ke tafiyar da ita. An kafa wannan amana ne a shekarar 1997 domin kafa makarantun da ke koyar da manhajar karatu ta kasa da tsarin addinin Musulunci. 

Makarantar ta rufe a 2022 bayan faɗuwar matsayi da matsalolin kuɗi.

## Manazarta
Hukumar Kula da Laifukan Yakin Kuala Lumpur

**Hukumar Kula da [[Laifin Yaƙi|Laifukan yaki]] Kuala Lumpur** (**KLWCC**), wanda aka fi sani da Kotun Laifukan Yaƙi ta Kuala Lumpur (**KLWCT**), kungiya ce ta Malaysia da tsohon Firayim Minista Mahathir Mohamad ya kafa a 2007 don bincika laifukan yaki. An gabatar da KLWCC a matsayin madadin Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta duniya a The Hague, wanda Mahathir ya zargi da nuna bambanci a cikin zaɓin shari'o'in. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ba ta amince da kotun ba, hukuncin ta na alama ne kawai.

## Gudanarwa
An kafa hukumar gudanarwa ta KLWCC don kula da bincike kan korafe-korafe daga wadanda ke fama da yaƙe-yaƙe da rikice-rikicen makamai dangane da laifukan da suka shafi zaman lafiya, laifukan yaki, laifuka da suka shafi bil'adama da sauran irin waɗannan laifuka kamar yadda aka amince da su a karkashin dokar kasa da kasa. Mambobin hukumar gudanarwa sun hada da:

* Mahathir Mohamad (Shugaba) 
* Alfred Webre
* Richard Falk
* Zacharia Yatim - alƙali mai ritaya na Kotun Tarayyar Malaysia
* Tunku Sofiah Jewa - lauya kuma masanin shari'ar kasa da kasa
* Salleh Buang - tsohon mai ba da shawara na tarayya a cikin Babban Lauyan, Malaysia
* Niloufer Bhagwat
* Shad Saleem Faruqi - masanin ilimin shari'a na Malaysia 
* Michel Chossudovsky - masanin kimiyya mai ritaya (Gidan yanar gizon Bincike na Duniya) 

## Gaskiya da ke kiran ikon duniya
A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2011, kotun ta yi amfani da ikon duniya don gwada tsohon shugaban Amurka George W. Bush da tsohon Firayim Ministan Burtaniya Tony Blair, suna hukunta duka biyu saboda laifuka game da zaman lafiya saboda abin da kotun ta kammala shi ne mamayewar Iraki ba bisa ka'ida ba.

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2012 bayan jin shaidar wadanda aka azabtar da su a Abu Ghraib da Guantanamo, Kotun ta yanke hukunci a gaban tsohon shugaban Amurka George W. Bush, tsohon mataimakin shugaban Amurka Dick Cheney, tsohon Sakataren Tsaro na Amurka Donald Rumsfeld, tsohon Mataimakin Lauyan Amurka John Yoo da Jay Bybee, tsohon Babban Lauyan Amurka Alberto Gonzales, da tsoffin masu ba da shawara na Amurka David Addington da William Haynes II na makirci don aikata laifukan yaki, musamman azabtarwa.[1][2] Kotun ta tura binciken su ga babban mai gabatar da kara a Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta duniya a Hague, da kuma Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.[3]

A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2013, Kotun ta sami Isra'ila da laifin kisan kare dangi na Mutanen Palasdinawa.

## Daidaitawa
KLWCC ba ta da goyon bayan kowace gwamnati. Tsohon mai ba da rahoto na musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'yancin kai na Alƙalai da Lauyoyi, Param Cumaraswamy, ya kira KLWCC kamfani mai zaman kansa ba tare da tushen doka ba, kuma ya yi tambaya game da halayensa. Ba ta da izini daga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, kuma Majalisar Dinkinobho ba ta ba ta amincewa. Ba ta da ikon ba da umarnin kamawa ko sanya hukunci, kuma ba a san ko hukunce-hukuncen ta wani abu ne banda na alama.

## Manazarta
Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Girman Triangle

Triangle na Ci gaban Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand (IMT-GT) ya fara ne a matsayin yunkurin farko na 'yanci da hadin kai a cikin ASEAN. Shugaba Suharto na Indonesia, Firayim Minista na Malaysia Mahathir Mohamad da Firayim Ministan Thailand Chuan Leekpai ne suka amince da shi a shekarar 1993. 

Shirin Triangle na Girma na Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand (IMT-GT) yana da niyyar karfafa ci gaban tattalin arziki a cikin 32 daga cikin wadannan kasashe uku da larduna marasa ci gaba, wadanda ke da gida ga mutane sama da miliyan 54.[1]

IMT-GT ta ƙunshi:

* Gundumomi 14 a kudancin Thailand: Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Narathiwat, Pattani, Phattalung, Satun, Songkhla, Trang, Yala, Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Phang Nga, da Phuket;
* Jihohi 8 na arewacin Malaysia: Kedah, Kelantan, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Penang, Perak, Perlis, da Selangor; da
* Gundumomi 10 na Sumatra, Indonesia: Aceh, Bangka-Belitung, Bengkulu, Jambi, Lampung, Arewacin Sumatra, Riau, Tsibirin Riau, Kudancin Sumatra da Yammacin Sumatra.

Bankin Ci Gaban Asiya daga baya ya gudanar da cikakken binciken yiwuwar kuma ya tsara tsarin hadin gwiwa. Binciken ya kammala cewa IMT-GT tana da babban damar da za ta iya motsa hadin kan tattalin arziki a yankuna 6 masu fifiko, wato: Ci gaban ababen more rayuwa; Aikin Gona da Kifi; Ciniki; Yawon Bude Ido; Ci gaban Albarka; da Ayyukan Kwararru.

## IMT-GT JBC
An kaddamar da Majalisar Kasuwanci ta IMT-GT (IMT-GT JBC)  a cikin 1995 a matsayin abin hawa na hukuma don tattara kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da shiga cikin IMT- GT. Tsakanin 1995 da 2005, IMT-GT JBC ta sauƙaƙa saka hannun jari na kimanin dala biliyan 3.80 na sabbin ayyukan a yankin IMT- GT.

## Manufofin IMT-GT
Babban burin IMT-GT shine don hanzarta ci gaban tattalin arziki mai zaman kansa a yankin IMT- GT ta hanyar:

* a. Ƙara cinikayya da saka hannun jari ta hanyar amfani da haɗin tattalin arziki da fa'idodi masu yawa;
* b. Ƙara fitarwa zuwa sauran duniya ta hanyar haɓaka gasa don fitarwa da saka hannun jari;
* c. Ƙara jin daɗin mutane ta hanyar samar da aiki, ilimi, zamantakewa da al'adu a yankin IMT-GT;
* d. Karfafa kamfanoni masu zaman kansu su taka muhimmiyar rawa, yayin da kamfanonin jama'a ke sauƙaƙewa da tallafawa yadda zai yiwu

## Dubi kuma

* Indonesia-Malaysia-Singapore Ci gaban Triangle
* Timor ta Gabas-Indonesia-Australia Triangle na Girma
* Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia-Philippines Yankin Ci gaban Gabashin ASEAN (BIMP-EAGA) 
* Yankin Triangle na Ci gaban Cambodia-Laos-Vietnam (CLV-DTA) 

## Manazarta
Al Karam Secondary School

**Makarantar Sakandare ta Al-Karam**, aikin Jamia Al-Karam, (Larabci: جامعة الكرم) makarantar kwana ce ta musulmi da kwalejin ilimin addinin Musulunci da ke Eaton, Ingila. Muhammad Imdad Hussain Pirzada ne ya jagoranci makarantar.

## Manazarta
Ma'aikatar Mahathir ta huɗu

Mahathir Mohamad ya kafa majalisar Mahathir ta huɗu bayan Tuanku Azlan Shah ya gayyace shi don fara sabuwar gwamnati bayan babban zaben 21 ga Oktoba 1990 a Malaysia. Kafin zaben, Mahathir ya jagoranci (a matsayin Firayim Minista) majalisar ministocin Mahathir ta uku, gwamnatin hadin gwiwa wacce ta kunshi mambobin jam'iyyun Barisan Nasional. Ita ce majalisa ta 12 ta Malaysia da aka kafa tun bayan samun 'yancin kai.

Wannan jerin sunayen mambobin majalisar ministoci ta huɗu na Firayim Minista na huɗu na Malaysia, Mahathir Mohamad.

### Cikakkun mambobi
Ma'aikatar tarayya ta kunshi ministoci masu zuwa:
Josh Saunders (ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Australiya)

**Joshua (Josh) Saunders** (an haife shi a ranar 31 ga Agusta 1994) tsohon ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Australiya wanda ya buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta St Kilda a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Australiya (AFL). Da farko an zaɓe shi da zaɓe na 43 a zaɓen ƙasa na 2012. 

## Aikin AFL
Saunders ya halarci Kwalejin Geelong,  kuma a shekara ta 9 yana ɗaya daga cikin ɗaliban Kwalejin Geelong mafi ƙanƙanta da suka taɓa bugawa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta 18, yana da shekaru 14 kacal. &#x5B; ** &#x5D; Daga baya ya buga wa Geelong Falcons wasa, inda a shekarar 2012 ya sami kyautar kocin. An san shi da salon wasansa na gudu da ɗaukar nauyi, saurin gudu mai ƙarfi, da juriya. 

A zagaye na 5 na kakar wasa ta AFL ta 2013, Saunders ya fara buga wasansa na farko a AFL a St Kilda da Sydney Swans a filin wasa na Westpac da ke Wellington, New Zealand, a wasan farko na kakar wasa ta Premier da aka yi a wajen Australia.[1]

R86e8yyyw76w7An cire shi daga cikin jerin sunayen a watan Oktoban 2015;  duk da haka, an sake tsara shi a cikin sabon daftarin 2016.  An sake cire shi daga cikin jerin a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2016. 

## Manazarta
Cecil Sandford (mai wasan ƙwallon ƙafa)

**Cecil Everard Sandford** (2 ga Agusta 1874 - 12 ga Oktoba 1946  ) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Australiya wanda ya buga wasa da Geelong da St Kilda a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Victorian (VFL). Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Geelong . 

Sandford ya shafe kakar wasa ta 1897 da 1898 a Geelong, amma ya yi wasanni takwas kacal.  Nan take aka nada shi kyaftin na St Kilda, lokacin da ya shiga kungiyar a shekarar 1901. Aikinsa na kyaftin ya fara da kyau, inda kungiyar ta kawo karshen shekaru hudu ba tare da samun nasara ba a wasansa na farko a kungiyar.  Bayan rasa kyaftin a kakar wasa ta 1901, ya yi shekara mai kyau, inda ya zarce bugun kwallayen St Kilda, da kwallaye tara. Daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin babban malamin wasanni na Kwalejin Scotch. 

'Yan uwan Sandford Ben da George Sandford suma sun buga wa St Kilda wasa.

## Manazarta
Islamic Research Center Bangladesh

**Cibiyar Nazarin Musulunci ta Bangladesh**, wacce aka fi sani da Bashundhara Islamic Research Center, babbar cibiyar bincike ce ta Musulunci da ke Bashundhara, Dhaka.Faqihul Millat Mufti Abdur Rahman shi ne babban wanda ya kafa wannan cibiya.

## Sashen

A halin yanzu Cibiyar Nazarin Musulunci ta Bangladesh tana ba da ilimin Musulunci a fannonin karatun Musulunci.

* Sashen Fatawa (Darul Ifta) 
* Sashen Koyarwar Shari'ar Musulunci da Fiqhu 
* Sashen Dawra-e-Hadeeth

## Manazarta
Robert Stanlake

Robert **John Stanlake** (17 Maris 1883 - 15 Yuni 1972) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Australiya wanda ya buga wasa tare da Geelong a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Victorian (VFL).[1]

## Manazarta
Sid Smith (ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, an haife shi a 1928)

**Sid Smith** (12 Satumba 1928 - 12 Mayu 1985)  ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Australiya wanda ya buga wa Geelong wasa a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Victorian a farkon shekarun 1950.

Smith, wanda aka yi masa lakabi da 'Boots', ya isa Geelong daga Horsham kuma ya buga wasa a matsayin mai tsaron gida a kakar wasansa ta farko. A shekara mai zuwa ya buga wani babban wasan karshe, a gefen baya, amma a wannan karon ya kare a kan ƙungiyar da ta sha kaye. Ƙarfin ƙungiyar Geelong ya kasance a lokacin da yake kulob ɗin har daga cikin wasanni 23 da ya buga, ya shiga cikin rashin nasara sau biyu kacal.

Sid ba shi da alaƙa da Sid Smith wanda ya buga wa Geelong wasa a shekarar 1911.

## Manazarta
Cedric Sloane

**Cedric Hay Sloane** (19 Oktoba 1915 - 6 Fabrairu 1992) ɗan wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara ne na ƙasar Australiya wanda ya fafata a shekarun 1950. A gasar Olympics ta hunturu ta 1952 da aka yi a Oslo, ya kammala a matsayi na 75 a zagaye na 18 km kuma sun fafata a gasar 50 taron km, amma bai kammala ba. [1] Ya halarci Kwalejin Geelong tsakanin 1928 da 1934. [2]

## Duba kuma

* Ostiraliya a Gasar Olympics ta Lokacin Sanyi ta 1952
* Mafarkin Kankara

## Manazarta
Jim Sprigg

**James Gordon Harvey Sprigg** (8 ga Yuni 1896 - 2 ga Disamba 1988) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Australiya wanda ya buga wasa da St Kilda a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Victorian (VFL). 

## Manazarta
Alby Sheehan

**Albert Sheehan** (8 Nuwamba 1887 - 25 Afrilu 1954) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Australiya wanda ya buga wa Fitzroy Football Club wasa a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Victorian (VFL). 

## Manazarta
Joe Slater

**Joseph Henry Slater** (29 Nuwamba 1888 - 3 Mayu 1917) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Australiya wanda ya buga wasa tare da Geelong a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Victorian.

## Iyali
Ɗan mai hannun jari Henry Slater (1837–1906),  da Diana Slater (1854–1936), wanda aka haifa a Reynolds, Joseph Henry Slater an haife shi a Ballarat, Victoria, a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba 1888.  An yi masa alkawari da Nellie Jean Wigley (1885–1943);     ba ta taɓa yin aure ba, kuma ta mutu a Elsternwick, Victoria, a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 1943. 

## Ilimi
Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Geelong, inda ya kasance fitaccen ɗan wasan kurket, ɗan wasa, da kuma ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa. 

## Kwallon kafa
Ba ya shan taba kuma ba ya shan giya, kuma ƙwararren ɗan gudu ne,   Slater yawanci yana wasa a matsayin mai tsaron baya, tare da yin ƙwazo a tsakiya da kuma gaba.  Slater, ɗan wasa mai ƙwarewa a fannin wasanni, ya buga ƙwallo 101 ga Geelong 'B' a wasan da suka yi da Kardinia a wasan First Eleven a kakar wasa ta GCA ta 1909/10.

An nada shi a matsayin ɗan wasan gefe na tsakiya a cikin ƙungiyar ƙarni ta Geelong. Slater, mai kyau, ya wakilci Victoria sau biyu a ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa da ƙasa.

A ranar 15 ga Yuni 1912, Slater ya buga ƙwallon da aka zura a bugun drop kick a filin wasan Punt Road na Richmond daga tsakiya; an auna ta a yadi 85 (kimanin mita 77.5). 

Saboda alkawuran aiki a Melbourne a shekarar 1913, Slater ya yi niyyar buga wasa da Jami'ar ƙungiyar VFL; duk da haka, ya buga wasanni da dama tare da Hawthorn a Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Metropolitan Amateur (MAFA).  ; kuma, lokacin da yake wasa da Collingwood District a ranar 3 ga Mayu 1913, ya cire ƙashin wuyansa, kuma ya ƙi barin ƙasa don kada ƙungiyarsa ta zama mutum ɗaya.[1] Daga ƙarshe Slater ya koma Geelong a wannan shekarar. Tsohon Zakaran League na ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 da farkon ƙarni na 20 Peter Burns ya rubuta game da Slater a 1940:

## Manazarta
Wallace Sharland

**Wallace Sutherland Sharland** (11 Oktoba 1902 - 17 Satumba 1967) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Australiya, ɗan jarida kuma mai sharhi. Ya buga wasa da Geelong a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Victorian (VFL). 

Sharland, wanda aka fi sani da laƙabinsa 'Jumbo', an ɗauke shi aiki daga Newtown. 

## Shekarun Gelong
Sharland ƙwararren ɗan wasan ruckman ne ga Geelong, wanda aka san shi da ƙwarewarsa ta ko'ina, iya buga ƙwallon daidai da kuma iyawarsa idan ana buƙata a matsayin mai kiwon ruck shepherd. Ya fara buga wa Geelong wasa yana da shekaru 17 a kakar wasa ta VFL ta 1920 kuma a wannan shekarar ya shiga ƙungiyar *[[Mai Talla da Geelong|Geelong Advertiser]].* 

His skills as a cricketer came into attention on 29 January 1921 when he scored a century against England's touring Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). Playing for Geelong, Sharland scored 102 runs out of Geelong's total of 261 in their tour match at Corio Oval. His innings, which was scored as an 18-year-old, earned praise from opponent Jack Hobbs who stated that Sharland "is a hard man to get out" and "is developing on the right lines". He was awarded an inscribed bat from the Mayor of Geelong to commemorate his achievement. *The Age* wrote an article stating that despite his young age Sharland could justifiably be selected in the Victorian side which were due to play the MCC on 4 February. He however did not make the team and instead it was as a football personality that he made his name.

Bayan ya buga wasanni biyar a kakar wasa ta farko ta VFL, Sharland ya sami ƙarin damammaki a 1921, tare da wasanni 13 ga Geelong.[1] Ya yi iya ƙoƙarinsa don kasancewa a cikin ƙungiyar farko ta jihar Victorian wacce ta je Adelaide a watan Agusta don kayar da Kudancin Ostiraliya kuma ta buga wasan dawowa a filin wasan Cricket na Melbourne (MCG). [undefined] [undefined] A watan Satumba na 1921 ya buga wasan ƙarshe na farko, wanda ya kasance wasan kusa da na ƙarshe da Richmond a filin wasan Cricket na Melbourne. Richmond ya yi nasara da maki 61 don kawo ƙarshen kakar wasa ta Geelong.[2] Ya sake buga wasanni takwas tare da Geelong a kakar wasa ta 1922 ta VFL.[1]

## Manazarta
Jack Watt (ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, an haife shi a shekara ta 1890)

**John Watherston Watt** (2 Nuwamba 1890 – 19 Disamba 1964) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Australiya wanda ya buga wasa da Geelong, Melbourne da St Kilda a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Victorian (VFL). [1]

## Duba kuma

* Wasan Nunin Majagaba na 1916

## Manazarta
Alec Boswell Timms

**Alexander Boswell Timms** (2 Maris 1872 - 5 Mayu 1922)  ɗan wasan gaba ne na ƙungiyar rugby ta ƙasa da ƙasa wanda aka haifa a Ostiraliya wanda ya buga wasan rugby na ƙungiyar Edinburgh Wanderers da Jami'ar Edinburgh. Timms ya buga wasan rugby na ƙasa da ƙasa ga Scotland kuma an zaɓe shi cikin ƙungiyar British Isles a rangadin da ya yi a Ostiraliya a shekarar 1899.

## Tarihin mutum
An haifi Timms a Ostiraliya, a tashar Mount Hesse da ke yammacin Geelong inda mahaifinsa ke da gonar tumaki.  Ya girma a Geelong, ya halarci Makarantar Grammar Melbourne kafin ya koma Kwalejin Geelong inda ya jagoranci makarantar  a fannin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Australiya, wanda hazakarsa ta ba shi laƙabi da "Shako" kuma ya buga wasu manyan wasanni a Kwalejin Geelong da kuma Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Geelong a 1892.  

An tura shi zuwa Edinburgh don yin karatu a matsayin likita. Bayan kammala karatunsa a Jami'ar Edinburgh, ya ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin Likitocin Fiɗa kuma ya ɗauki takardar shaidar digiri uku ta Scotland a shekarar 1903.

## Aikin Rugby Union

### Aikin mai son sha'awa
Timms ya shahara a matsayin ɗan wasan rugby yayin da yake wakiltar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Edinburgh Wanderers da Jami'ar Edinburgh, kuma lokacin da yake bugawa tsohuwar ƙungiyar ne aka fara zaɓensa don wakiltar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Scotland.

### Aikin lardi
Ya buga wa Gundumar Edinburgh wasa a wasan Inter-City da Gundumar Glasgow a shekarar 1895.

### Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa
An shigar da Timms cikin tawagar a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin JJ Gowans na wucin gadi a tsakiya a wasan farko na gasar cin kofin kasashen gida ta 1896, wanda Scotland ta buga da Wales a filin wasa na Cardiff Arms Park . Scotland ta sha kashi a hannun 'yan wasa biyu da suka yi kokarin rashin nasara, kuma an maye gurbin Timms da Gowan da ya dawo daga bugawa kasar wasa ta gaba.

## Manazarta
James Thomson (mai jarida)

**James Thomson** (1 Satumba 1852 - 4 Agusta 1934) ɗan jarida ne kuma mai jarida ɗan ƙasar Ostiraliya. 

An haifi Thomson a Cullycapple, County Londonderry, Ireland,  ɗan Alexander Thomson da matarsa Martha.  Ya tafi Geelong, Victoria, tare da iyayensa a 1853, kuma ya yi karatu a Makarantar Geelong Presbyterian, da kuma Makarantar Grammar ta Ƙasa, Castlemaine. Ya yi aikin koyon aikin sa a jaridar ''The Argus'', daga baya ya shiga ma'aikatan *Kyneton Observer*, wanda ya zama edita, ya shiga Jaridar *Daily Telegraph* ta Melbourne a 1874.

Thomson ya yi aure a Cocin Trinity, Gabashin Melbourne, a ranar 1 ga Yuni, 1878, Alice, 'yar marigayi John Leyland, ɗan kwangila, Liverpool.[1] A lokacin aikin manema labarai, ya yi aiki a matsayin Sakataren Kwamitin Majalisa kan Makarantun Jiha, Kekunan Haƙar Ma'adinai na Tsaro, Wattle Bark, da sauransu, da kuma Hukumar Royal kan Tariff. Ya kasance Sakataren Kwamitocin Nunin Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Melbourne na 1880-81, kuma Sakataren Kwamishinonin Victoria na Calcutta da Nunin Baje Kolin Mulkin Mallaka da Indiya, nasarar Kotun Victorian a ƙarshe saboda ƙwarewarsa ta shiryawa. Ya kasance Kwamishinan Nunin Baje Kolin Melbourne na 1888. Ya fara jaridar Melbourne Evening Standard a ranar 29 ga Afrilu, 1889, kuma a shekarar 1890 ya kafa Sporting Standard, wanda jaridu biyu suka yi aiki a kansa.[1]

Thomson ya bar *Evening Standard* lokacin da ya haɗu da *The Herald* a shekarar 1894, kuma ya rubuta labarai game da Yammacin Ostiraliya don *Zamanin* Melbourne. A yankin Murchison (Yammacin Ostiraliya), Thomson ya fara *Murchison Times da Day Dawn Gazette* ; ya mutu a Perth, Yammacin Ostiraliya yana da shekaru 81.

## Manazarta
Hugh Strahan

**Hugh Strahan** (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Yuni 1945) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Australiya wanda ya buga wa Geelong wasa a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Victorian (VFL) a ƙarshen shekarun 1960 da farkon shekarun 1970.

Strahan, wanda yake da matsayi mai mahimmanci, ya yi kakar wasa shida a Geelong kuma ya shiga cikin kakar wasa ta ƙarshe ta 1968 da 1969.

Mataki na gaba na rayuwar Strahan ya faru ne a Tasmania, wanda ya wakilci a gasar Knockout Carnival ta 1975. Strahan ya buga wasa da Cooee Football Club kuma ya kasance mai taka rawa sosai a North West Football Union a wasannin tsakanin kungiyoyi.

A shekarar 1977 ya zama kocin ƙungiyarsa ta asali, Newtown & Chilwell da ke Geelong.

## Manazarta
Len Strickland

**Lennard John Strickland** (13 Mayu 1880 – 26 Agusta 1949) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Australiya wanda ya buga wasa da Geelong a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Victorian (VFL). 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Len Strickland's playing statistics from AFL Tables
* Len Strickland at AustralianFootball.com
Ma'aikatar Mahathir ta shida

Mahathir Mohamad ya kafa majalisar Mahathir ta shida bayan Tuanku Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah ya gayyace shi don fara sabuwar gwamnati bayan babban zaben 29 ga Nuwamba 1999 a Malaysia. Kafin zaben, Mahathir ya jagoranci (a matsayin Firayim Minista) majalisar ministocin Mahathir ta biyar, gwamnatin hadin gwiwa wacce ta kunshi mambobin jam'iyyun Barisan Nasional. Ita ce majalisa ta 14 ta Malaysia da aka kafa tun bayan samun 'yancin kai.

Wannan jerin sunayen mambobin majalisar ministoci ta shida na Firayim Minista na hudu na Malaysia, Mahathir Mohamad.

## Rubuce-rubuce

### Cikakkun mambobi
Ma'aikatar tarayya ta kunshi ministoci masu zuwa:

### Mataimakan ministoci

## Dubi kuma

* Mambobin Dewan Rakyat, Majalisar Dokokin Malaysia ta 10
* Jerin sakataren majalisa na Malaysia # Ma'aikatar Mahathir ta shida