Dokar Haramta Bautar da Mutane ta 1833

**Dokar Haramta Bautar Da Mutane ta 1833** (*Slavery Abolition Act 1833*) wata doka ce da majalisar dokokin Birtaniya ta amince da ita domin kawo ƙarshen bautar da mutane a yawancin yankunan da ke ƙarƙashin Daular Biritaniya. Wannan doka ce ta tarihi wadda ta kawo ɗayan muhimman sauye-sauye a tarihin kare 'yancin ɗan Adam.

An zartar da dokar a ranar 28 ga Agusta, 1833, kuma ta fara aiki ne a hukumance a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 1834. Wannan doka ce ta gaba bayan dokar hana cinikin bayi na 1807, wadda ta hana safarar bayi amma ba ta haramta bautar kai tsaye ba.

## Asalin dokar
A cikin ƙarni na 18 da farkon ƙarni na 19, bautar bayi ta zama ruwan dare a sassan duniya da dama, musamman a yankunan Karibiyan, Afirka ta Yamma, da Amurka. A wancan lokacin, Daular Biritaniya na da matuƙar hannu a cinikin bayi, inda aka kwashe miliyoyin mutane daga Afirka zuwa turakun bayi a ƙasashen Yammacin kogin Indiesda sauran wuraren gona.

Sai dai da zuwan ƙungiyoyin fafutuka da suka hada da:

* William Wilberforce
* Thomas Clarkson
* Granville Sharp

Ana ta ƙara matsin lamba ga gwamnati da majalisa don kawo ƙarshen wannan dabi'a ta bautar bayi. Fafutukar ta daɗe tana gudana har zuwa lokacin da aka samu rinjaye a majalisa.

## Abubuwan da dokar ta ƙunsa
Wannan doka ta 1833 ta tanadi abubuwa da dama, ciki har da:

* Haramta bautar bayi a duk faɗin Daular Biritaniya (sai dai wasu yankuna kamar Indiya)
* Sakin bayi fiye da miliyan 800,000 daga ƙasashen Caribbean, Afirka, da Kanada
* Bai wa masu bayi diyya – gwamnati ta ware £20 miliyan don biyan diyya ga masu bayi saboda asarar "dukiyarsu"
* Bayin da aka sako sai sun ci gaba da aiki kamar *apprentices* (masu koyon aiki) tsawon wasu shekaru kafin su zama 'yan ƙasa na gaskiya

## Yankunan da dokar ta shafa
Wannan doka ta shafi yawancin yankunan da ke ƙarƙashin Daular Biritaniya, kamar:

* Jamaika
* Barbados
* Trinidad da Tobago
* Bahamas
* Cape Colony (Afirka ta Kudu)
* Mauritius
* Kanada
* da wasu sassan Afirka ta Yamma inda Biritaniya ke da iko

## Tasiri a Biritaniya da Daular Biritaniya
Dokar haramta bautar mutane ta 1833 ta kawo gagarumin sauyi a tarihin Biritaniya da Daular ta:

* Bayi sun samu 'yanci da 'yancin kai
* Masu bayi sun karɓi diyya, ba bayi ba
* Gwamnatin Biritaniya ta cika da bashi saboda wannan diyya (an gama biyan bashin a 2015)
* An kafa sabbin dokoki don hana ci gaba da amfani da bayi ta boyayyen hanya
* Sakamakon dokar ya ƙarfafa gwagwarmayar neman 'yancin kai a wasu ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin mallakar Turawa

## Hanyoyin da gwamnati ta bi wajen aiwatar da dokar
Gwamnatin Biritaniya ta kafa jami’an sa ido don tabbatar da cewa masu gonaki da sauran masu bayi sun sako bayin da ke hannunsu. Haka kuma an kafa rundunar ruwa domin hana sabbin cinikin bayi, musamman daga yankin Afirka zuwa Amurka.

## Bambanci da dokar hana cinikin bayi ta 1807
Dokar hana cinikin bayi ta 1807 (*Slave Trade Act 1807*) ta hana safarar bayi amma ba ta haramta mallakar bayi ba. Wannan ya sa masu bayi suka ci gaba da amfani da bayi da ke hannunsu. Amma dokar 1833 ta kai ga haramta bautar gaba ɗaya da sakin bayi.

## Ƙalubale da suka biyo baya
* Masu bayi da dama sun nuna rashin jin daɗi, musamman a yankin Caribbean
* Wasu bayi da aka sako ba su da ilimi ko ƙwarewar da za su dogara da kansu
* A wasu yankuna, an ci gaba da amfani da tsoffin bayi ta hanyoyin danniya kamar da

## Harsashin cigaban kare hakkin ɗan adam
Dokar 1833 ta zama harsashin cigaban dokoki da yarjejeniyoyi na duniya kamar:

* Yarjejeniyar Geneva
* Hakkokin Dan Adam na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya
* International Labour Organization – dokokin kare ma’aikata

## Duba kuma

## Manazarta
* Hochschild, Adam. *Bury the Chains: Prophets and Rebels in the Fight to Free an Empire’s Slaves*. Houghton Mifflin, 2005.
* Drescher, Seymour. *Abolition: A History of Slavery and Antislavery*. Cambridge University Press, 2009.
* BBC Hausa. “Yadda Biritaniya ta haramta bautar bayi a 1833.” 2022.
* British Parliament Archives. *Slavery Abolition Act 1833*.

## Hanyoyin waje
* Dokar Slavery Abolition Act 1833 a hukumance
* National Archives - Tarihin Bautar Bayi a Biritaniya
* BBC Hausa - Labarai kan tarihin bayi