Kunar Soweto

Harin bam na 2002 na Soweto ya kasance jerin hare-haren ta'addanci da suka faru a Soweto da ke lardin Gauteng na Afirka ta Kudu. Bama-bamai takwas sun faru a ranar 30 ga Oktoban 2002, wanda ya yi sanadin mutuwar mace guda tare da raunata maigidanta. Daya daga cikin fashe-fashen ya yi mummunar barna a wani masallaci, yayin da wasu kuma suka auna titin jirgin kasa da gidajen mai a yankin. SAPS (Hukumar 'Yan sandan Afirka ta Kudu) sun hana fashewa guda daya. Daga baya kuma wani bam ya tashi a wajen gidan ibadar Buddhist Nan Hua da ke Bronkhorstspruit a gabashin Pretoria. Wata kungiyar masu rajin kare hakkin fararen fata, Warriors of the Boer Nation, ta dauki alhakin wadannan fashe-fashe a cikin sakon da ta aike wa jaridar Afrikaans

Wasu fashe-fashe guda biyu da suka biyo baya a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba, 2002 sun lalata wata gada a yankin, sannan wani ya lalata wani jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu na 'yan sanda a wani karamin filin jirgin sama. Gabaɗaya, aƙalla goma, kuma wataƙila goma sha biyu, tashin bama-bamai guda ɗaya ne suka haifar da harin Bom na Soweto na 2002.

## Fage
Tun bayan kawo karshen tsarin mulkin wariyar launin fata a shekarar 1994, wasu farar fata 'yan Afirka ta Kudu-musamman 'yan Afirka-sun ji an raba su da mulkin bakaken fata da gwamnatin jam'iyyar National Congress (ko ANC)[a bukace ta]. Suna tsoron tashin hankalin da ake yi wa farar fata a Zimbabwe a lokaci guda zai bazu ta kan iyakar Afirka ta Kudu. Musamman ma, an nuna damuwa game da karuwar aikata laifuka a fadin kasar.

A cikin watan da ya gabato harin bama-bamai, an gurfanar da wasu mutane 16 na kungiyar Boeremag (wata kungiyar masu tsatsauran ra'ayi) bisa zargin yunkurin kifar da gwamnati. An kafa wannan kungiya da sauran makamantanta, don mayar da martani ga tawayen ANC a farkon shekarun 1990—da kuma tashe-tashen hankula, wanda gwamnatin Jam’iyya mai mulki ta wancan lokacin ta bayyana a matsayin ta’addanci.  Afirka ta Kudu ta yi tarihin irin waɗannan abubuwan. A cikin 1996, bama-bamai sun kai hari cibiyar kasuwanci ta Western Cape, inda suka kashe masu siyayyar Cape Coloured guda huɗu, tare da raunata wasu sittin.

## Bama-bamai
Biyu daga cikin fashe-fashe na 30 ga Oktoba na 2002 sun nufi layin dogo a Lenasia, wanda ke haɗa Soweto zuwa Johannesburg, wanda ya haifar da rudani tare da hanyoyin sadarwar jama'a. Wani bam kuma ya balle bangon wani masallaci, sannan wani fashewa (a wani wurin zama) ya kashe wata mata mai suna Claudia Mokone, yayin da ya raunata mijinta sosai. A daya daga cikin hare-haren an kai hari wani gidan mai. Wasu mutane biyu sun jikkata a wasu tashin bama-bamai. An hana wata na'urar da aka sanya a cikin ginshikin gidan ibada na Nan Hua ta haddasa asarar rayuka a lokacin da wani ya harbe ta a wurin kafin ta tarwatse, ko da yake ta jikkata mutane biyu,A (A lokacin, ba a san ko wannan bam din yana da alaka da hare-haren ba, daga baya ‘yan sanda sun bayyana cewa hakan na faruwa) ‘yan sanda sun dakile wani tashin bam a wani gidan mai da ke yankin, a lokacin da suka samu labarin wasu ‘yan farar fata guda biyu da aka ce suna tafka tuhume-tuhume suna “birgina wani abu”

Wadannan hare-haren ta’addanci sun haifar da firgici da bakin ciki a cikin al’umma, inda ba a taba samun irin wannan tashin hankalin ba a tsawon tarihinta. An kara fargabar jim kadan bayan gazawar wutar lantarki a Soweto, duk da cewa hakan ba shi da alaka da ta'addanci

## Daga baya tashin bama-bamai
Kusan wata guda bayan haka, a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba, 2002, wani bam ya tashi a wata gada kusa da Port Edward a cikin KwaZulu-Natal. Babu wanda ya ji rauniI Wani bam da ya fi karfi ya tashi a karshen makon da ya gabata a filin jirgin saman da ‘yan sanda ke amfani da shi, wanda ya lalata wani jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu, ko da yake hukumomi ba su iya tabbatar da cewa ko wace fashewar na da alaka da hare-haren da aka kai a baya.

## Bincike da gwaji
An kama Thomas Vorster, wani babban jami'in leken asiri na soji a karkashin mulkin wariyar launin fata, bisa zarginsa da hannu a hare-haren jim kadan bayan faruwar su. ] Daga baya an tuhumi wasu fararen fata 20 a cikin kungiyar Boeremag, ciki har da Vorster da: cin amanar kasa a kan bangarensu na tashin bama-bamai; kisan Claudia Makone; yunƙurin kisan kai don shirin kashe Nelson Mandela da bam ɗin mota; da kuma makarkashiyar kifar da gwamnati. A cewar jaridar The Namibia, an gano wasu bama-bamai guda 26 a wani yankin karkara na lardin Cape da 'yan sanda ke neman 'yan ta'addar da suka kai harin.

Akwai ‘yan sanda da yawa a yankin da aka gudanar da shari’ar mutanen, don hana ci gaba da kai hare-hare da kuma tserewa yunkurinsu Akwai rade-radin cewa jami'an 'yan sanda da sojoji da dama na Afirka ta Kudu na da alaka da hare-haren. Ana sa ran za a shafe fiye da shekaru biyu ana shari’ar, kuma har yanzu ana ci gaba da gudanar da wannan shari’a har zuwa lokacin rubuta wannan rahoto (2005).

An dage shari’ar sau da dama saboda hujjojin shari’a. Ba da da ewa ba sai aka siyasance, yayin da Paul Kruger, lauyan da ke kare kansa, ya ce gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ba ta da ka’ida kuma ba ta da ka’ida, kuma zaben farko na kabilanci a kasar bai yi tasiri ba, domin ba a taba tuntubar masu jefa kuri’a na farar fata ba[ Da farko dai jami'an tsaron sun shirya kiran tsohon shugaban kasar Afirka ta Kudu, FW De Klerk, a matsayin shaida domin tabbatar da gaskiyar lamarin. Daga baya kotun ta ce ba za a tilasta masa tsayawa ba[

A yayin da ake shari’a, wadanda ake zargin ‘yan ta’addan sun yi ikirarin cewa an azabtar da su a gidan yarin da ake tsare da su. A gaskiya ma, an tilasta musu a wasu lokuta su saurari kaɗe-kaɗe na rap da kwaito a kurkukun Pretoria da ake tsare da su. alkalin da ke jagorantar shari’ar, Eberhardt Bertelsmann, ya hana hukumomin gidan yarin watsa labarai na gidan rediyon Metro FM da ya yi laifi. Duk da haka, waɗanda ake tuhumar sun sayi radiyo masu ɗaukar nauyi da batura ga fursunonin da ke son ci gaba da sauraron kiɗan.

## Ƙarfafawa
An ce ‘yan ta’addan sun sa ‘yan ta’addan ne saboda rashin sanin halin da suke ciki a Afirka ta Kudu, da kuma akidar addini irin ta Kiristanci, wadanda ke tabbatar da ‘yancin da Allah ya ba su na mulkin al’umma. Daga baya sun ba da ƙarin barazanar, suna masu tabbatar da cewa za a sami "ƙarin abubuwan mamaki" a cikin kantin sayar da. Daya daga cikin manufofin kungiyar shi ne kashe Nelson Mandela da kuma yiwuwar dawo da mulkin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu, ko da yake wasu sun nuna cewa manufarsu ita ce fara yakin tsere da kuma "kore bakaken fata daga kasar", yayin da wasu ke ikirarin cewa suna da nufin kafa wata kasa ta Afrikaner mai cin gashin kanta.

Wata wasika ga ‘yan sandan da kungiyar ta aikewa ‘yan sandan, ta nuna wani dalili na addini na kai hare-haren, inda ta zargi wadanda ke adawa da su da cewa makiyan “Allah na kogin Jini ne,” suna bayyana kansu a matsayin “Sojojin Allah” da kuma nuna cewa tashin bama-bamai “mafarin karshen” ne na jam’iyyar ANC. Wasikar ta bayyana cewa:

Muna kuma shelanta cewa kawo karshen murkushe al'ummar Boer, don haka muke girmama Allah kadai. Don haka dole ne jam'iyyar ANC ta san cewa ba wai kawai tana mu'amala da al'ummar Boer ba, amma tare da ramuwar gayya… na Allahn kasar Boer. A nan kasar Kudu za mu kafa kasa don Allahnmu wanda zai girmama shi kadai.

A cikin abin da jami'an leken asirin Afirka ta Kudu suka fassara da batun harin da aka kai a masallacin da kuma gidan ibada na addinin Buddah, wasikar ta ci gaba da cewa ba za a amince da "haikalin arna ko wuraren addu'o'i a Kudancin kasar ba". Ta kuma sha alwashin daukar fansa kan kisan gilla da fyade da wasu masu aikata laifuka a Afirka ta Kudu suka aikata.

## Bayan haka
Hare-haren, ko da yake ba su da yawa, sun janyo cece-kuce a kafafen yada labaran Afirka ta Kudu, da ma gwamnati, game da matsayin turawan Afirka ta Kudu, musamman Afrikaners—wadanda suka mamaye harkokin siyasa kafin kawo karshen mulkin wariyar launin fata. Da yawa daga cikin 'yan Afrikan sun ji an kyamaci cewa ba a yi musu adalci ba a matsayin masu wariyar launin fata da ke da alaka da kungiyoyin ta'addanci, duk da cewa mafi yawansu sun yi watsi da irin wadannan ayyukan.

A cikin littafinsu, "Volk, Faith and Fatherland", masu bincike Martin Schonteiff da Henri Boschoff sun yi iƙirarin cewa "Idan aka ba da ainihin manyan laifuka na tashin hankali, rashin aikin farar fata da kuma yakin da aka yi da manoma farar fata a Zimbabwe, irin wannan muhawara [watau, waɗanda 'yan ta'adda ke amfani da su] na iya zama masu iya haifar da tausayi a tsakanin  Afrika masu ra'ayin mazan jiya.

Dukkanin manyan jam'iyyun siyasar da aka fi danganta su da farar fata, Democratic Alliance, New National Party da Freedom Front, sun yi Allah wadai da tashin bama-bamai, kuma Ministan Tsaro, Mosiuoa Lekota ya yi nuni da cewa galibin fararen fata na Afirka ta Kudu 'yan kasa ne masu aminci.

## Manazarta