Edith A. Roberts

**Edith Adelaide Roberts** (an haife ta a shekarar 1881 - 1977). Ba'amurkiya ce  masaniyar ilimin tsirran botan wanda ke nazarin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi kuma shugabace a fannin ilimin tsirrai. Ta kirkiro dakin gwaje-gwajen muhalli na farko a kasar Amurka, ta inganta shimfidar wuri tare da Elsa Rehmann, kuma ta tabbatar da cewa tsirrai sune asalin tushen bitamin A.

## Ilimi da ilimi
An haifi Edith A. Roberts a ranar 28 ga watan Afrilun, shekara ta 1881, a cikin dangin manomai a Rollinsford, New Hampshire .  Roberts ta yi digirinta na farko a Kwalejin Smith a shekara ta 1905, sannan kuma ta samu digiri na biyu a Jami’ar Chicago a shhekara ta 1911. Takardar karatun digirin digirgir, da aka gabatar a Jami’ar Chicago, tana cikin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi . 

Roberts ta yi aiki a matsayin malama ga wata farfesa a Kwalejin Mount Holyoke daga shekara ta 1915 zuwa shekara ta 1917, lokacin da Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka ta dauke ta aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar fadada.  Ta yi tafiya cikin dukkanin Jihohi 48 a kan manufa don ilimantar da mata kan sarrafa gonaki a maimakon maza da ke yaƙin Yakin Duniya na 1 . A wata hira, ta ce "duk matan da za su gudanar da iyali ya kamata su sami ilimin tsirrai. Yana da asali ga rayuwa."  Roberts ta yi aiki da USDA har zuwa shekara ta  1919, lokacin da aka ba ta mukamin mataimakiyar farfesan ilimin tsirrai a Kwalejin Vassar . Zuwa shekara ta 1921, ta kasance cikakkiyar Farfesa kuma shugabar Sashin Kimiyyar Shuka.   Abokan aikinta sun amince da Roberts saboda binciken da ta yi a ilimin kimiyyar lissafi, yaduwar tsire-tsire, da kuma tsirowar iri .  Ta kasance daga ƙungiyar Botanical Society of America, theungiyar Gandun daji ta Amurka, da ƙungiyar Ci gaban Kimiyya ta Amurka . 

## Ilimin halittu
Roberts ta kasance jagora a cikin sabon ilimin kimiyyar tsirrai . A cikin shekara ta 1920, Kwalejin Vassar ta ba da kadada huɗu na ƙasa don fahimtar ra'ayinta na dakin gwaje-gwajen tsirrai na waje.  A cikin Yankin Dutchess, wannan shine dakin gwaje-gwaje na muhalli na farko a Amurka.  Roberts tayi ƙoƙari don tsara tsirrai a cikin ƙungiyoyi masu dacewa kuma tare da yanayin muhalli masu dacewa.  Kamar yadda aikin bai sami isasshen kuɗi daga kwalejin ba, Roberts ta tabbatar da ta hada kudin da kanta ta hanyar gabatar da laccoci a waje.  Adadin jinsunan ƙasar da suka girma a cikin dakin binciken daga ƙarshe ya kai 2,000. 

Elsa Rehmann, mai tsara shimfidar wuri, wanda kuma ke aiki a Kwalejin Vassar ,ya fassara sakamakon binciken Roberts dangane da zanen lambun . Sun buga bincikensu da farko a cikin labaran mujallar *House Beautiful* sannan kuma a cikin wani littafi na shekara ta  1929 mai taken *Shuke-shuke na Amurka don Lambunan Amurka*, sun zama masu ba da shawara na farko game da yanayin kasa .   A cikin shekara ta 1935, Roberts ya wallafa *Ferns na Ba'amurke: Yadda Ake Sanin, Girma da Amfani da su* . 

## Ilimin kimiyyar lissafi
Roberts ta yi ritaya daga Kwalejin Vassar a shekara ta 1948,  kuma ta zama baƙon masanin kimiyya a Massachusetts Institute of Technology .  A MIT, Roberts ta nemi sashenta na fasahar abinci, tana bincike kan tsirrai a matsayin tushen bitamin.  A shekara ta 1948, ta gabatar da wata takarda, wacce aka tsara tare da Mildred Southwick, wanda ke tabbatar da cewa ana iya samun bitamin A daga sassan tsire-tsire masu launin kore da rawaya ba galibi daga man hanta mai ba . 

## Legacy
Bayan ritayar Roberts, an kula da dakin gwaje-gwaje na Outasashen waje na Dutchess na foran shekaru kaɗan amma nan da nan ya faɗi cikin sakaci. Zuwa 1960s, an yi watsi da shi, kuma littattafanta sun fita aiki. Ta mutu a cikin watan Maris na shekara ta 1977. Ragowar dakin binciken an gano su ne ba zato ba tsammani daga masaniyar halittu Margaret Ronsheim, ita ma farfesa ce a Kwalejin Vassar, a cikin shekara ta 1990s. Yanzu dakin binciken yana karkashin sake gini. 

## Manazarta