Ƙungiyar namun daji da muhalli ta Nilgiri

**Ƙungiyar Namun Daji da Muhalli ta Nilgiri (NWEA)** ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta da aka yi wa rijista a Tamil Nadu, Indiya . Manufarsu ita ce kiyaye namun daji, muhalli da albarkatun ƙasa na Tuddan Nilgiri . 

NWEA tana gudanar da shirye-shirye kan ilimin muhalli, dasa bishiyoyi, kallon tsuntsaye, ƙidayar dabbobi, kiyaye ƙasa kuma tana shirya liyafar tafiya zuwa wurin shakatawa na ƙasa na Mukurthi .  NWEA tana da mambobi sama da 500 kuma hedikwatarta tana Udagamandalam . Mai tattara gundumar Nilgiris shine tsohon shugaban NWEA, kuma Nilgiri ta Arewa, Nilgiri ta Kudu da Gudalur (DFOs) da kuma darektan filin Mudumalai Tiger Reserve da Mukurthi National Park su ne membobinta na hukuma.

## Tarihi
An kafa NWEA a shekarar 1877 a matsayin *Ƙungiyar Wasannin Nilgiri* ta ƙungiyar masu shuka da manyan mafarauta 'yan Birtaniya da ke damuwa da raguwar farautar dabbobi . Ita ce ƙungiyar kare namun daji ta farko a Indiya.  Sakamakon ayyukansu kai tsaye a shekarar 1879, Gwamnatin Madras ta zartar da Dokar Kiyaye Namun Daji da Kifi ta Nilgiris. 

Wannan doka ta ba wa ƙungiyar ikon tsara farauta da kamun kifi a cikin Nilgiris. Don haka duk dabbobin suna ƙarƙashin ikon ƙungiyar, waɗanda suka sanya takunkumi kan nau'ikan dabbobin da za a farauta da kuma buɗewa da rufe lokutan shikar . Sun ba wa fitattun 'yan Burtaniya lasisin farauta don biyan buƙatunsu na nishaɗi. An haramta wa ƙungiyoyin ƙabilu na gida amfani da dabbobin daji a matsayin abinci bisa doka, duk da haka, kama ƙananan dabbobi kamar ƙadangaru da porcupine, kamun kifi da kuma korar kashe mafarauta ya ci gaba. 

An yi wa *Dokokin Ƙungiyar Kifi da Kare Namun Daji ta Nilgiri* kwaskwarima a shekarar 1893, ciki har da cewa:

# Sunan Ƙungiyar zai zama *Ƙungiyar Kare Kamun Kifi da Namun Daji ta Nilgiri* .
# Abubuwan da Ƙungiyar ta ƙunsa su ne kiyaye dabbobin gida da ake da su da kuma gabatar da tsuntsayen farauta da dabbobi da kifi, ko dai na waje ko na asali a Indiya. 

Buga na 1916 na *Jagora da Jagorar Nilgiri* ya buga cikakkun bayanai game da Cibiyoyin, gudanarwa, Iyakokin Harbi, Gidajen zama, Lasisin Harbi, yanayi, bayanin dokoki, ƙa'idodin kamun kifi, lasisi, bayanin dokoki, lada ga kwari, Hodgson's Hut, da kuma bungalows na ƙungiyar Wasannin Nilgiri. 

Marigayi Manjo Richard Radcliff, wani shahararren mafarauci da ya zama mai kare muhalli, ya jagoranci ƙungiyar wajen ƙirƙirar wurin shakatawa na ƙasa na Mukurthi. Hukumar NWEA ta ba da gudummawar tsoffin gidajen farauta da yawa ga Sashen Dajin Tamil Nadu . Yanzu haka NWEA tana taimaka wa Sashen Daji don haɗa wasu wuraren zama na Nilgiri Tahr da ke kusa da wurin shakatawa, waɗanda aka cire su daga iyakokin wurin shakatawa lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri wurin. 

A shekarar 1975, tare da amincewa da Dokar Kare Namun Daji ta 1972 da Gwamnatin Tamil Nadu ta yi, kungiyar ta canza manufarta daga harbin bindiga mai sarrafa kansa zuwa kiyaye namun daji gaba daya da kiyaye muhalli .

An ba da kyautar Rajiv Gandhi ta kare namun daji ta shekarar 2003 ga Ƙungiyar Namun Daji da Muhalli ta Nilgiri (NWEA) domin girmama gagarumin ƙoƙarinta na kiyaye namun daji a muhallinta na halitta da kuma yaɗa wayar da kan jama'a game da muhalli. Kyautar ta ƙunshi Rs. 100,000, lambar yabo da kuma ambato. JC Kala, Darakta Janar na Daji, ne ya miƙa ta a New Delhi 

## Ayyuka
NWEA ƙungiya ce mai himma a cikin Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve Alliance, ƙungiyar ƙungiyoyin kiyayewa da mutane waɗanda ke damuwa game da makomar NBR kuma suna aiki tare don kare ta. NWEA tana gudanar da ƙidayar namun daji na shekara-shekara a Mudumalai Tiger Reserve da kuma sashin gandun daji na Nilgiri North da ke maƙwabtaka da ita. 

NWEA ta tattara rahoto kan tasirin layin dogo na Satyamangalam mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce a kan wannan yanki mai matukar muhimmanci ga muhalli. Kwamitin da aka ba wa iko na tsakiya (CEC) na Kotun Koli ta Indiya, bayan bincike, ya gano cewa yankin gida ne ga giwaye da damisa da sauran nau'ikan halittu da aka lissafa a cikin Jadawali na 1 na Dokar Kare Namun Daji, 1972. Dangane da wannan lura, CEC ta umarci Layin Dogo da su janye aikin.  NWEA ta sauƙaƙa gyaran tsoffin mafarauta ta hanyar daidaita Gidauniyar Periyar (wani aikin ci gaban muhalli da ke gudana a ƙarƙashin Project Tiger ), Ƙungiyar Jin Daɗin Karatu, Kadamalai Gundu, Gundumar Theni da Ƙungiyar Kore ta Tamil Nadu, Ooty, Gundumar Nilgiri. Tun daga lokacin an taimaka wa tsoffin mafarauta da matansu wajen samun sabon aiki a harkar yawon buɗe ido. 

NWEA ta amince da kuma ƙarfafa jami'an gwamnati don bayar da gudummawa mai mahimmanci, sadaukarwa, shiga tsakani da kuma sha'awar kansu wajen tallafawa manufar kiyaye muhalli. 

## Littattafai

* *Ilimin Halittu da Yanayin Yawan Jama'a na Tahr na Nilgiri a cikin Nilgiris*, NWEA, 1992-1995
* S Joseph, AP Thomas, R Satheesh, *Manyan Masu Cin Nama a Wurin Tsabtace Namun Daji na Parambikulam, Kudancin Indiya*, Mujallar Bugawa ta Namun Daji, Ƙungiyar Namun Daji da Muhalli ta Nilgiri da Sashen Dajin Tamil Nadu, 1968
* Davidar da ERC *Tahr ɗin Nilgiri na Nilgiris*, Tahr (Wasikar Labarai ta Ƙungiyar Namun Daji da Muhalli ta Nilgiri), 2010–11
* Davidar, ERC da HL Townsend, *Ƙungiyar Rayuwar Daji ta Nilgiri Shekarun Ƙarni 1877-1977*, Ƙungiyar Rayuwar Daji ta Nilgiri, 1977
* Murugan, *Binciken Mazauna Nilgiri Tahr a cikin Wurin Shakatawa na Ƙasa na Mukurti*, Ƙungiyar Namun Daji da Muhalli ta Nilgiri, 1997

## Manazarta