open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Lindela Ndlovu

**Lindela Rowland Ndlovu** (ya mutu a ranar 18 ga watan Nuwamba 2015) ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar halittu da sunadarai  ne ɗan ƙasar Zimbabwe kuma mataimakin shugabar Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta ƙasa. Har ila yau, ya kasance memba wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Zimbabwe kuma ya zama shugaban girmamawa na Cibiyar Nazarin Dabbobi ta Afirka ta Kudu. 

Ya yi aiki a matsayin Farfesa na Kimiyyar Dabbobi a Jami'ar Limpopo da ke Afirka ta Kudu, kuma tsawon shekaru tara ya kasance shugaban tsangayar aikin gona a jami'ar Zimbabwe.  Ya shafe shekaru da dama a Amurka yana karantar kimiyyar dabbobi.  Ndlovu ya sami digirin sa na Digiri na uku a shekarar 1985 a Jami'ar Guelph da ke Ontario, Kanada.

A cikin shekarar 1995, Ndlovu ya taimaka wajen fara aikin bincike tare da JD Reed daga Jami'ar Wisconsin a fannin ilimin halittu da sunadarai na proanthocyanidins.   A cikin shekarar 2007, ya kasance mai karɓar lambar yabo ta Zinariya don Bincike daga Kwalejin Kimiyyar Dabbobi ta Afirka ta Kudu. 

## Littattafai

*  
*  

## Mutuwa
Ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani a Gallen House Medical Center, Bulawayo, a ranar 18 ga watan Nuwamba 2015.

## Manazarta
Helen Marot

**Helen Marot** (Yuni 9, 1865 - Yuni 3, 1940) marubuciya Ba'amurkiya, ma'aikaciyar ɗakin karatu, kuma mai tsara aiki. An fi tunawa da ita a kan kokarin da ta yi na magance ayyukan yara da kuma inganta yanayin aikin mata. Ta kasance daga Philadelphia kuma ta kasance mai himma wajen binciken yanayin aiki tsakanin yara da mata. A matsayinta na ma’aikaciyar laburare, ta yi aiki a manyan cibiyoyi da yawa kuma ta taimaka wajen tsara Laburaren Ilimin Tattalin Arziki da Kimiyyar Siyasa na Kyauta a 1897. Marot ta kasance memba na Kungiyar Kwadago ta Mata. Daga baya ta shirya Ma'aikatan Littattafai, Stenographers da Ƙungiyar Akanta a New York.A cikin 1912, ta kasance wani ɓangare na kwamitin da ya binciki Wuta Factory Triangle Shirtwaist. Ta kasance marubuci mai ƙwazo kuma labaranta game da motsin aiki sun bayyana a lokuta da yawa na rana.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Marot a ranar 9 ga Yuni,1865,a Philadelphia,Pennsylvania.Ta girma a cikin dangi masu wadata kuma ta sami ilimin Quaker. Daga 1895 zuwa 1896,Marot ita ce editan adabi na *Ladies' Home Journal* inda ta ke da alhakin amsa tambayoyin adabi ga mujallar.A wannan lokacin,ta tsara jagorar masu karatu mai shafuka 288 mai ɗauke da littattafai sama da 5,000.An haɗa da wasu taƙaitaccen mawallafi 170. 

## Aikin ɗakin karatu na farko

Marot ta bar *Ladies' Home Journal* a cikin Afrilu 1896 don tsara ɗakin karatu na King na Cocin Mai Fansa a Andalusia,Pennsylvania .A cikin Satumba 1896 ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin ɗakin karatu a Wilmington, Delaware, a matsayin mai ba da labari.Ta zauna a ɗakin karatu na tsawon shekaru uku.Shugaban ɗakin karatu a lokacin,Enos L. Doan,ya yi tsokaci game da aikinta: "Ta kawo masa dandano da nuna bambanci na wallafe-wallafe na babban tsari - halaye wanda, baya ga cikakkiyar horon fasaha, ya ba ta ingantaccen aiki na musamman a cikin aikin.aikinta." 

## Laburaren Ilimin Tattalin Arziki da Kimiyyar Siyasa Kyauta
A cikin 1897 Marot,tare da Dokta George M.Gould da Innes Forbes,sun buɗe ɗakin karatu mai zaman kansa wanda ta ƙware a ayyukan kan batutuwan zamantakewa da tattalin arziki.Laburaren Ilimin Tattalin Arziki da Kimiyyar Siyasa na Kyauta ta mai da hankali kan batutuwan da suka shafi gyara zamantakewa da tattalin arziki kuma Fabian Societyƙungiyar gurguzu ta yi tasiri sosai. Ya kasance a bene na biyu na wani kantin sayar da kayayyaki a titin Filbert a Philadelphia.

The *Philadelphia Record* ta bayyana ɗakin karatu a cikin shafukanta a ranar 15 ga Yuni, 1897:

## Manazarta
Abayomi Arigbabu

Farfesa **Abayomi Adelaja Arigbabu** shi ne Kwamishinan Ilimi, Kimiyya da Fasaha na Jihar Ogun. Ya kasance tsohon mataimakin shugaban jami'ar ilimi ta Tai Solarin.

## Karatu
Ya yi Digiri na farko a fannin lissafi a Jami’ar Legas da kuma Master of Science a fannin lissafi daga jami’a daya. Daga baya ya wuce zuwa shahararriyar Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu, Pretoria don samun digirinsa na digiri a fannin lissafi, kimiyya da fasaha tare da ƙware kan Ilimin Lissafi.

A gwaninta, ya kasance mai ƙwazo a cikin tsare-tsare dabarun ilmantarwa sama da shekaru talatin. Hakanan yana da ɗimbin wallafe-wallafen ilimi da na ilimi, na ƙasa da ƙasa.   Ma'aikaci ne na waje kuma mai tantance karatun digiri na uku da shirye-shiryen kammala karatun digiri a Jami'o'i a ciki da wajen Najeriya. Yana da ƙwarewa na musamman don ƙaddamar da fasaha a cikin koyarwa, koyo da gudanarwa.

## Memba
* Aboki, Ƙungiyar Lissafi ta Najeriya 
* Member, Nigeria Mathematics Society 
* Memba, Kungiyar Malaman Kimiyya ta Najeriya 
* Memba, Ƙungiyar Kudancin Afirka don Masu 
Bincike a cikin Lissafi, Kimiyya da Ilimin Fasaha

## Manazarta
Sikhulile Moyo

**Sikhulile Moyo** kwararre ne a fannin ilimin ƙwayoyin cututtuka ɗan ƙasar kasar Zimbabwe da ke aiki a matsayin darektan ɗakin gwaje-gwaje na Cibiyar Haɗin Kan Kanjamau ta Botswana-Harvard (Botswana–Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership) kuma mataimakin mai bincike a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Harvard TH Chan. A cikin watan Nuwamba 2021, Moyo da ɗakin gwaje-gwajensa ne suka fara gano bambancin SARS-CoV-2 Omicron. A cikin shekarar 2022, an sanya Moyo a cikin jerin Time 100.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Moyo a Zimbabwe.  Ya kammala karatun digiri na farko a Jami'ar Zimbabwe a shekara ta 1996.  Ya kammala karatun digiri na biyu a fannin nazarin halittu a Jami'ar Botswana a shekara ta 2000.   A cikin shekarar 2006, Moyo ya kammala karatun MPH a Jami'ar Limpopo (MEDUNSA-campus). Kundin nasa an yi wa lakabi *da Modeling the HIV/AIDS a [[Botswana]]: wakilcin ANC bisa kididdigar yawan cutar kanjamau a [[Botswana]] da kuma abubuwan da ke haifar da sa ido kan cutar*.   Moyo ya kammala karatun Ph.D. a cikin ilimin likitancin likita a Jami'ar Stellenbosch a shekara ta 2016. Tulio de Oliveira na ɗaya daga cikin malamansa.  Kundin karatunsa yana da taken *Juyin Juyin Halitta da kuzarin HIV-1C a [[Botswana]]*.

## Sana'a
Moyo ya shiga Botswana-Harvard Cibiyar Haɗin Kan cutar Kanjamau a shekara ta 2003 a matsayin mataimaki na Lab. Daga baya ya zama mai kula da ɗakin gwaje-gwaje, mataimakin manaja, sannan ya zama manajan ɗakin gwaje-gwaje a shekarar 2016.   Tun daga watan Nuwamba 2021, Moyo shine darektan ɗakin gwaje-gwaje. Shi ma mataimakin mai bincike ne a fannin ilimin rigakafi da cututtuka a Harvard TH Chan Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a.  

A cikin watan Nuwamba 2021, Moyo da ɗakin gwaje-gwajensa ne suka fara gano bambancin SARS-CoV-2 Omicron.  Bayan gano, sun sanar da Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Botswana a ranar 22 ga watan Nuwamba, 2021.  A cikin shekarar 2022, an sanya Moyo a cikin jerin Time 100.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Moyo yana da aure kuma yana da 'ya'ya maza biyu da mace.  Shi mawaƙin bishara ne kuma mawaki. 

## Manazarta
Helen Sanger

**Helen Sanger** (Satumba 21, 1923 - Yuli 30, 2020)ta yi aiki a matsayin babban ma'aikaciyar ɗakin karatu na Frick Art Reference Library da Andrew W.Mellon Babban Librarian na cibiyar, matsayi da aka ƙaddamar a cikin 1990.

## Ilimi
An haife ta a yankin Java na Dutch kuma ya girma a Hong Kong,Sanger ta sami karatun farko a Makarantar Peak da Makarantar Tsakiyar Burtaniya.Bayan barkewar yakin duniya na biyu,mahaifiyarta Lonni Wheeler Sanger,haifaffen Louise Wernicke a 1891 a Berlin,ta koma Amurka tare da Helen da yayyenta mata biyu,Charlotte da Eleanor.Helen ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Jami'ar a Oakland,California,da Makarantar Walnut Hill don 'yan mata a Natick,Massachusetts,kafin ta yi karatu zuwa Kwalejin Smith.Ta sauke karatu a 1946 (cum laude), bayan ta ɗauki kwasa-kwasan tattalin arziki, tarihi,tarihin fasaha,da fasaha da ƙira. A cikin 1953,an ba ta MS a Kimiyyar Laburare daga Jami'ar Columbia.

## Sana'a
Matsayin farko na Sanger a ɗakin karatu yana cikin Photoarchive, amma daga baya ta koma Ayyukan Jama'a.An nada ta Babban Jami'in Laburare na Laburare a 1978, inda ta karbi mukamin daga Mildred Steinbach.

Sanger ta ba da gudummawar da kuma gyara Katharine McCook Knox's *Labari na Frick Art Reference Library:Shekarun Farko*,wanda aka buga a 1979, kuma a cikin 1981, ta kafa Sashen Kare Laburare. Bayan mutuwar wanda ya kafa Library din Helen Clay Frick a cikin 1984, Sanger ta lura da hadewar Laburare tare da Tarin Frick . Ta kuma gudanar da "The Spanish Project,"da Library ta mayar da martani ga gwamnatin Amurka ta general bukatar zuwa Amirkawa cibiyoyin bincike don fara "manyan kasa da kasa ayyuka" da za su karfafa dangantaka tsakanin Amurka da Spain a shirye-shiryen ga Columbian Quincentenary a 1992. Aikin da Laburaren ta ƙaddamar tana da manufofi guda uku,waɗanda Sanger ne ke kula da su duka:don kammala jerin sunayen masu fasaha na Spain fiye da 7,000 waɗanda ke aiki tsakanin ƙarni na huɗu da na ashirin; don haɓaka ƙwarewar ɗaliban da suka kammala karatun digiri daga Spain da Amurka a cikin bincike-binciken tarihi da gabatar da su ga ƙirƙirar bayanai; kuma don ƙara yawan hannun jarin Photoarchive a cikin fasahar Mutanen Espanya.

Sanger ta yi ritaya a cikin 1994,ko da yake ta ci gaba da aikin sa kai a ɗakin karatu na shekaru masu zuwa.

## Iyali
Helen ita ce 'yar'uwar Eleanor Sanger Riger (1929 – 1993),marubuciyar talabijin da ta lashe lambar yabo ta Emmy kuma mace ta farko mai gabatar da wasanni. Helen da Eleanor suna da 'yar'uwa babba, Charlotte (Lonni) Sanger Ward,wadda ta mutu a ranar 12 ga Agusta, 1955.

## Manazarta
Helen Thornton Geer

**Helen Thornton Geer** (Janairu 7, 1903 a New Castle, Pennsylvania - Maris 1983 a New Jersey ) ma'aikaciyar ɗakin karatu ce kuma farfesace. Ita ce marubuciyar *Charging Systems*, wanda ta yi cikakken bayani game da 17 na tsarin kula da wurare daban-daban da aka yi amfani da su a yawancin ɗakunan karatu na jama'a da koleji na Amurka a lokacin.Daga 1947 zuwa 1956,ta yi aiki a matsayin hedkwatar laburare na Ƙungiyar Laburare ta Amirka,Chicago, Illinois. 

## Ilimi da aiki
Bayan kammala karatunta daga Kwalejin Wheaton (AB: ENG LIT) a 1926 da Jami'ar Illinois (BS: Kimiyyar Laburare)a 1928, ta shiga Jami'ar Columbia,ta sami MS a kimiyyar laburare (1934).A cikin 1929 ta fara aiki a Reshen Flushing,Laburaren Jama'a na Queens Borough,Birnin New York.A cikin shekaru goma sha biyar masu zuwa,an ƙara mata girma akai-akai,wanda ta ƙare a naɗinta a matsayin shugaban riko na Sashen Kasuwanci da Kimiyya (1942-44).

Bayan ta yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a ɗakin karatu na Harper,Jami'ar Chicago,Geer an nata ma'aikaciyar laburare na hedkwata don Ƙungiyar Laburare ta Amurka,matsayin da ta riƙe daga 1947 har zuwa 1956.Hakanan, ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Ƙungiyar Laburaren Chicago (1953–54).Daga 1956 zuwa 1958, Helen Geer ta yi aiki a matsayin darektana The Library Mart,mai ba da shawara kan ayyuka don ɗakunan karatu da masana'anta.

Daga 1964 zuwa 1969,Geer ta kasance abokiyar farfesa a Makarantar Digiri na Kimiyyar Laburare,Jami'ar Rhode Island.

## Iyali
Geer ita ce 'yar Isaac Wheeler Geer, fitacciyar mai kula da layin dogo,da Margaret Worth Thornton.Ita ce 'yar'uwar Sir Henry Worth Thornton. 'Yar uwarta,Margaret Worth Geer,ta auri dan majalisar jiha John H. Kleine (R-Lake Forest, Ill.).  Ita ce kanwa ta biyu ga jarumar allo na azurfa Edna Goodrich da Shugaban Riko na Elcar Arthur Martin Graffis.

## Manazarta
Helen Wallis

**Helen Margaret Wallis** OBE (17 Agusta 1924 - 7 Fabrairu 1995) ita ce Mai Kula da Taswira a Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya(bayan ɗakin karatu na Burtaniya )daga 1967 zuwa 1987.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife ta a Dunkery, Park Road, Barnet akan 17 ga Agusta 1924,Wallis 'yar Leonard Francis Wallis (1880-1965),shugaba, da Mary McCulloch Jones (1884-1957),malami. Ta halarci Makarantar 'Yan Mata ta St Paul (1934-43) kuma ta yi karatun labarin kasa a Kwalejin St Hugh's,Oxford (1945-1954),inda ta kammala D.Phil. digiri a cikin 1954 tare da rubutun 'The Exploration of the South Sea, 1519 to 1644'. 

A 1951, an nada ta mataimakiyar RA Skelton,mai kula da dakin taswira a gidan tarihi na Biritaniya,wanda ya gaje shi a 1967. Ita ce mace ta farko da ta rike mukamin. A cikin 1968 ita ce ke da alhakin samun tarin taswirar Royal United Services Institution.Ta kuma gano farkon nau'in duniyar farko ta Ingila,ta Emery Molyneux kuma ta yi tunanin zuwa yau daga 1592, a Gidan Petworth .

Ita ce shugabar kwamitin da ke kan tarihin zane-zane na Ƙungiyar Cartographic ta Duniya. ta zama shugabar Ƙungiyar Taswirar Taswira ta Duniya kuma ta kasance mai kafa The Geography and Map Section of the International Federation of Library Associations. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugaba na Society for Nautical Research,1972-1988,da kuma Shugaban British Cartographic Society.An nada ta OBE a cikin 1986 Birthday Honors.

Manyan wallafe-wallafen sun haɗa da *balaguron Carteret a duniya, 1766-1769*,  *Kirkirar zane-zane*,da *jagorar masana Tarihi zuwa taswirar Biritaniya na farko*.

Ta yi ritaya daga ɗakin karatu na Burtaniya a 1986,sannan ta mutu sakamakon cutar kansa a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu 1995 a Asibitin St John da St Elizabeth a St John's Wood,London. Wani tarihin mutuwar WR Mead ya bayyana a cikin *Independent*,14 Fabrairu 1995.An buga wani labarin mutuwar a cikin *Jaridar IFLA* . 

## Manazarta
New Nigeria People's Party

**New Nigeria People's Party** jam'iyyar siyasa ce mai yawan jama'a  a Najeriya, mafi rinjaye a jihar Kano. Ta tsaya takarar shugaban kasa a Najeriya a 2023, amma mai rike da madafun iko, Rabiu Kwankwaso, ya zo na huɗu inda yaci jiha ɗaya cikin jahohin Najeriya. A tattaunawar sa , shugaban jam'iyyar na ƙasa ya ce jam'iyyar NNPP itace jam'iya mafi saurin bunƙasa a Najeriya.

## Sakamakon Zabe

### Shugaban kasa

### Gwamna (Kano)

## Kira don soke zaben 2023
Alkali, Shugaban jam'iyyar New Nigerian People's Party na kasa ya yi kira ga jam'iyyar Labour ta Najeriya da jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria) da su goyi bayan soke zaben shugaban kasa na 2022 a Najeriya. Ya kuma yi kira da a gudanar da sabon zabe cikin gaskiya.

## Nassoshi
Helga Josephine Zinnbauer

**Helga Josephine Zinnbauer**, kuma aka sani da **Helga Freund-Zinnbauer**,(24 Fabrairun shekarar 1909 - 16 Disamban shekarar 1980) ma'aikaciyar al'ummar Ostiraliya ce kuma ma'aikacin laburare.

## Farkon rayuwa
An haifi Zinnbauer a Orsova,Austria-Hungary (yanzu Orșova,Romania)ga Otto Alscher,ɗan jarida, da matarsa Else Leopoldine, née Amon.Ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar ɗakin karatu a ɗakin karatu na Barr Smith daga shekarar 1943 har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar  1974. Ta mutu a Adelaide,South Australia.Johannes Biar,wani fasto na Lutheran kuma mai goyon bayan ayyukan Zinnbauers ne ya gudanar da jana'izarta.

Mijinta Alfred Freund-Zinnbauer,wani fasto na Lutheran.

## Manazarta
Elisabeth Valerio

**Elisabeth Isabel Valerio** 'yar kasuwa ce kuma 'yar siyasa 'yar ƙasar Zimbabwe wacce ita ce shugabar Hadaddiyar Kungiyar Haɗin Kan Zimbabwe (UZA).  Ita ce mace ɗaya tilo da ta tsaya takarar shugaban ƙasa a babban zaɓen kasar Zimbabwe na shekarar 2023. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Elisabeth Valerio a Masvingo, Zimbabwe.  Ta girma a Hwange a lardin Matabeleland ta Arewa.  Ta shafe yawancin yarintar ta a tsakiyar shekarun 1970s a cikin kantin kayan miya na iyayenta a Cibiyar Siyayya ta Machipisa a Highfield. 

Valerio ta halarci Jami'ar California, Los Angeles.

## Sana'a
Valerio masaniya ce a fannin kimiyyar halittu da sunadarai  kuma mai kiyayewa ta hanyar sana'a.  Ta fara aikinta a matsayin masaniya a fannin kimiyyar halittu da sunadarai sannan ta koma Hwange, inda ta zama mai kula da muhalli.  A cikin shekarar 2020, Elisabeth ta jagoranci wani kira na ƙasa ga Emmerson Mnangagwa da ya dakatar da hakar kwal a cikin gandun dajin Hwange da duk wani wurin shakatawa, majalisar ministocin Zimbabwe ta sanar da cewa ba za a hako ma'adinai a cikin wani dajin ƙasa a Zimbabwe ba. Ita ce shugabar kungiyar masu yawon buɗe ido ta Hwange. 

A cikin shekarar 2022, Elisabeth ta kafa Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwanci da Jagoranci da Ɗorewa a Afirka (Entrepreneurial & Leadership Initiative for Sustainability in Africa) (ELISA). Elisabeth Valerio ta kafa jam'iyyar siyasa ta United Zimbabwe Alliance a shekarar 2022. An kaddamar da jam'iyyar ne a ranar 16 ga watan Maris 2022 a ɗakin taro na Andy Millar dake Harare, Zimbabwe. 

Valerio ta zama 'yar takara a hukumance a babban zaɓen ƙasar Zimbabwe na shekarar 2023 bayan da ta lashe ɗaukaka kara da ta hana ta shiga.    A zaɓen ta zo na tara a cikin 'yan takara goma sha ɗaya.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Mahaifiyar Valerio Isabel Madangure ita ce mace ta farko da ta tsaya takarar shugaban ƙasa a tarihin Afirka.  Zuriyar shugaba Masvingo  Mugabe.

## Manazarta
Hilari Bell

**Hilari Bell** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1958) marubuciyar fantasy yar Amurka ce. Ita ce marubuciyar almara-kimiyya da yawa da litattafai masu ban sha'awa ciki har da babban abin yabawa *Farsala Trilogy* . Bell yayi aiki azaman ma'aikacin ɗakin karatu,amma ta bar aiki a 2005 don rubuta cikakken lokaci.Tana zaune tare da mahaifiyarta, ɗan'uwanta da surukarta a Denver, Colorado .

## Littafi Mai Tsarki

### Farsala Trilogy
Ida Leeson

**Ida Emily Leeson** (11 Fabrairu 1885 &#x2013; 22 Janairu 1964)ita ce Ma'aikaciyar Laburaren Mitchell a Laburaren Jiha na New South Wales daga Disamba 1932 - Afrilu 1946.Ita ce mace ta farko da ta sami babban matsayi a cikin ɗakin karatu na Ostiraliya.

## Shekarun farko

Ida Emily Leeson an haife ta a Leichhardt, New South Wales a ranar 11 ga Fabrairu 1885 diyar Thomas Leeson,kafinta daga Kanada, da matarsa haifaffiyar Australiya Mary Ann, née Emberson.Ta yi karatu a Leichhardt Public School da Sydney Girls High School inda ta kasance daliba mai nasara,ta lashe lambar yabo ta farko a aji na farko a cikin 1900.Leeson ta sauke karatu daga Jami'ar Sydney a shekara ta 1906.

## Sana'a
Leeson ta fara aikinta na ɗan lokaci a matsayin malami,kafin ta sami matsayi a ɗakin karatu na Jama'a na New South Wales a matsayin mataimakiyar ɗakin karatu a 1906.Ta canza zuwa wani matsayi a cikin Laburaren Mitchell a cikin 1909,inda ta sarrafa tarin Australiyana da David Scott Mitchell ya yi wa ɗakin karatu."Sha'awar Leeson ga kayan Australiya da Pacific ya karu yayin da ta yi aiki da matsayi a ɗakin karatu na Mitchell,daga ƙarshe ta sami babban matsayi na babban jami'in shiga cikin 1919."  A cikin wannan rawar Leeson yana cikin manyan ma'aikata a darajar ɗakin karatu a bayan William Ifould, Wright da Nita Kibble .  Ta kasance muhimmiyar tasiri a tarihin ɗakin karatu na Mitchell kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta samu babban matsayi a cikin ɗakin karatu na Ostiraliya. 

Darasi ya fara a matsayin kataloji, koyan Faransanci,Yaren mutanen Holland,Jamusanci, Sifen, da Italiyanci domin a lissafta ɗimbin adadin kayan Australiya da Pacific a cikin tarin.Sannan ta zama ma’aikaciyar laburare ta saye da sarrafa tarin don ginawa da kula da waɗannan tarin.

## Manazarta
Joana Raspall da Juanola

**Joana Raspall i Juanola** (1 Yuli 1913 - 4 Disamba 2013) marubuciyarSipaniya ce kuma ma'aikaciyar ɗakin karatu.An haife ta a Barcelona kuma ta mutu a Sant Feliu de Llobregat .

## Ayyukan da aka zaɓa
Henrietta M. Smith

**Henrietta M. Smith** (Mayu 2, 1922 - Afrilu 21, 2021)ƙwararren yar Amurka ce, ma'aikaciyar laburare,kuma mai ba da labari,wanda ta shirya bugu huɗu na tarin lambar yabo ta Coretta Scott King Award wanda Ƙungiyar Laburaren Amurka ta buga.A shekara ta 2008,an girmama kungiyar ta kungiyar ta hidiyo zuwa yara( AlSc )Babban kyautar sabis,wanda ya san mahimmancin gudummawa ga hidimar laburare ga yara da alc.Ita ce kuma mai karɓar lambar yabo ta Coretta Scott King-Virginia Hamilton na 2011 don Ci gaban Rayuwa don aikinta a matsayin muhimmiyar gudummawar adabi mai dorewa.An karrama ta a lokacin bikin karramawar Carle na 2014 ta Eric Carle Museum of Picture Book Art saboda aikin rayuwarta a matsayin zakaran bambancin adabin yara.

## Ilimi

An haifi Henrietta Mays Smith a ranar 2 ga Mayu, 1922, a Harlem, New York.Ita ce 'yar Nettie Johnson da Henry Lucas Mays.Smith da farko ta so ta zama malama na Latin, amma daga ƙarshe ta yi karatun Turanci da tarihi a Kwalejin Hunter,kuma ta karɓi BA a 1943.Sannan ta halarci Jami'ar Columbia,kuma ta sami BS da MS a Kimiyyar Laburare a 1946 da 1959. A cikin 1975,ta kammala karatun digirinta na digiri a cikin manhaja da kulawa a Jami'ar Miami a Coral Gables, Florida.

## Sana'ar ɗakin karatu da gudunmawa
Bayan kammala karatun,Smith ta so ta zo Kudu "don ganin ko abin da suka faɗa gaskiya ne." Ta yi aiki a ɗakunan karatu a kolejoji da jami'o'i na Tarihi na baƙar fata kuma ta karɓi tayin mafi girma na biyan kuɗi,na kataloji a Jami'ar Florida A&amp;amp;M da ke Tallahassee,matsayin da ta riƙe tsawon shekaru biyu.Ta auri Isiah C. Smith wanda zai zama lauya mai kare hakkin jama'a. Sun koma New York inda Smith ya yi aiki a Countee Cullen Branch na New York Public Library a matsayin ma'aikaciyar ɗakin karatu na yara kuma mai ba da labari a ƙarƙashin jagorancin ma'aikacin ɗakin karatu Augusta Braxton Baker,yana ba da labaru a wurare irin su Hans Christian Andersen Statue a Central Park.Daga baya ma'auratan sun koma zama da aiki a Delray Beach, Florida. 

A Florida Smith ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar laburare na makaranta kuma mai ba da shawara ga gundumar Broward,inda ta gina tarin littattafan yara don Laburaren Reshen Tekun Pompano.Bayan ta sami digiri na uku ta koyarwa a Jami'ar Florida Atlantic a matsayin mai koyarwa a Kwalejin Ilimi. A cikin 1985 an ɗauke ta aiki don koyarwa a Jami'ar Kudancin Florida,Makarantar Bayani. Ita ce bakar fata ta farko farfesa a Makarantar. Bayan ta yi ritaya an karrama ta a matsayin Farfesa Emeritus.  Azuzuwan Smith ya koyar sun haɗa da Tarihin Adabin Yara da Abubuwan Al'adu da yawa don Yara da Manyan Manya.   Smith ya rubuta "Poetry of the African Diaspora: In Search of Common Ground Tsakanin Anglo da Latin America" kuma a cikin 2000 ya rubuta gabatarwar don *Taga Kowane Murya da Waƙa: Ƙirar Hoto ga Negro National Anthem*.Ta kasance wani ɓangare na Alice G. Smith Lecture Committee a Jami'ar South Florida,Makarantar Bayani wanda ya yi bikin wanda ta kafa Lecture kuma ta kawo Ashley Bryan a matsayin malami na 10.

## Manazarta
Henriette Avram

**Henriette Davidson Avram** (Oktoba 7,1919 - Afrilu 22, 2006) mai tsara shirye-shiryen kwamfuta ce kuma manazarciyar tsarin wanda ya haɓaka tsarin MARC (Machine Readable Cataloging),ƙa'idar bayanan duniya don littattafan littafi da riko da bayanai a cikin ɗakunan karatu.Ci gaban Avram na tsarin MARC a ƙarshen 1960s da farkon 1970s, a ɗakin karatu na Majalisa yana da tasiri mai sauyi akan aikin ɗakin karatu,wanda hakan ya ba da damar sarrafa ayyukan ɗakin karatu da yawa da kuma raba bayanan bibliographic ta hanyar lantarki tsakanin ɗakunan karatu ta amfani da abubuwan da suka rigaya.ma'auni na kasida.

## Shekarun farko
An haifi Henriette Regina Davidson a Manhattan a ranar 7 ga Oktoba,1919, ga uba wanda ya kasance mai rarraba kayan agogo kuma uwa ce mai ba da rahoto ta *Philadelphia Ledger* .Ko da yake ba ta taɓa yin niyyar zama ma'aikaciyar ɗakin karatu ba,Henriette ta shafe yawancin Asabar na ƙuruciyarta tana karantawa a cikin shagunan unguwanni,waɗanda,a wancan lokacin,ke ɗauke da ƙananan ɗakunan karatu na jama'a.

Henriette Davidson ta yi mafarkin samun maganin ciwon daji,wanda ta zama ruwan dare a cikin danginta.Don haka ta yi karatun digiri na farko a Kwalejin Hunter . A cikin 1941, ta auri Herbert Mois Avram, wanda ta shiga cikin sojojin ruwa.A ƙarshen yakin duniya na biyu, ya kasance babban kwamandan ƙawance wanda aka ba shi gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Atlantic da Pacific.

Avrams suna da 'ya'ya uku: Marci, Lloyd, da Jay, kuma sun ci gaba da zama a New York har zuwa 1951,lokacin da Herbert Avram ya ɗauki aiki tare da Hukumar Tsaro ta Ƙasa a Washington, DC  Herbert Avram shi ma zai yi aiki da CIA,a ƙarshe.zama majagaba a cikin masana'antar bayar da rahoto na kotu na dijital, wanda ta haɓaka Rufe Kalmomi don talabijin. 

## Farkon sana'a
Ma'auratan sun fara ƙaura zuwa Arlington,daga baya kuma zuwa Silver Spring . Da zarar ya zauna a Virginia,Avram ta bar rayuwarta na yin gida a baya. Ta fara karatun lissafi a Jami'ar George Washington  kuma ta shiga Hukumar Tsaro ta Kasa (NSA) a 1952 a matsayin daya daga cikin masu shirye-shiryen kwamfuta na farko da ke aiki tare da IBM 701.

A farkon shekarun 1960,Avram ta koma kamfanoni masu zaman kansu tana aiki da farko tare da Ofishin Bincike na Amurka sannan daga baya ga Kamfanin Datatrol Corporation, kamfanin software. Dukansu ayyukan sun ƙunshi nazarin tsarin da shirye-shirye, amma a Datatrol ne Avram ta sami ƙwararrun ƙwararrunta ta farko tare da ɗakunan karatu. Da aka nemi ta zana ɗakin karatu na kimiyyar na'ura mai kwakwalwa, ta yi sauri ta karanta littattafai na kimiyyar ɗakin karatu da yawa domin ta koyi jargon da ya dace. Ta kuma dauki ma'aikacin laburare don taimaka mata wajen tsara zane.Ta wannan aikin ne aka gabatar da Avram ga Sabis na Sabis na Katin Majalisa . Ta kuma yi aikin tuntuba tare da Frederick Kilgour, mahaifin Cibiyar Laburare na Kwamfuta ta Yanar Gizo,akan yunƙurin farko na OCLC na sarrafa bayanan littafi mai tsarki. A cikin Maris 1965, Avram ya ji labarin buɗewa a ɗakin karatu na Majalisa,kuma an ɗauke shi hayar a matsayin manazarcin tsarin a Ofishin ƙwararren Tsarin Watsa Labarai.  

## Manazarta
Joanna Cole (marubuciya)

**Joanna Cole** (Agusta 11, 1944Yuli 12, 2020) marubuciyar Ba'amurke ce na littattafan yara,wanda aka fi sani da marubucin jerin *Bus na Makarantar Magic*, wanda ta sayar da fiye da 93.&nbsp;kwafi miliyan a cikin ƙasashe 13.  Ta rubuta litattafai fiye da 250, tun daga littafinta na farko *Cockroaches* zuwa shahararren jerin shirye-shiryenta na *Magic School Bus*, wanda Bruce Degen ya kwatanta.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Cole a Newark, New Jersey, 'yar Elizabeth (Reid),mai gida,da Mario Basilea,mai zanen gida.Ta girma a unguwar Gabas ta Orange. Ta ƙaunaci kimiyya tun tana yarinya,kuma tana da malami wanda ta ce ya yi kama da Ms. Frizzle, amma cewa ba ta kama ta a jiki ba saboda malaminta ya dubi "mai ra'ayin mazan jiya". Malamin nata ya bar ɗalibai su duba ɗaya daga cikin littattafan kimiyyar ta kowane mako kuma Cole ta ce, "Na yi tunanin karanta littattafan kimiyya don jin daɗi abu ne na yau da kullun". Tun tana karama tana karatun kwari da tsirrai a bayan gida.Cole ya ji daɗin makaranta kuma yana jin daɗin rubuta rahotannin kimiyya don aji.Littafin da ta fi so tun tana yarinya mai suna *Bugs, Insects da Irin wannan* kyauta ce daga goggonta domin Cole na son kallon kwari a bayan gida. 

A 1965, ta auri Philip A. Cole. Ta halarci Jami'ar Massachusetts da Jami'ar Indiana kafin ta sauke karatu daga Kwalejin City na New York a 1967 tare da BA a cikin ilimin halin dan Adam.

## Sana'a
Bayan wasu kwasa-kwasan karatun digiri, ta zama ma’aikaciyar laburare a makarantar firamare ta Brooklyn.Daga baya Cole ta zama wakiliyar wasiƙa a *Newsweek*,sannan kuma mataimakiyar editan kulab ɗin littafin SeeSaw a Scholastic,sannan kuma babban edita na Littattafai na Doubleday don Matasa Masu Karatu.Ta kasance mai zaman kanta a cikin 1980,tana rubuta littattafan yara da labarai don mujallar *Iyaye* . Littafin ’ya’yanta na farko game da kyankyasai kuma an buga shi a 1971.  Cole ya yanke shawarar rubuta *Cockroaches* saboda babu wani littafi da aka rubuta game da kwari a lokacin.  Ta yanke shawarar rubuta littattafan yara cikakken lokaci a 1980. Biyu daga cikin littattafanta an rubuta su ne don iyaye su karanta tare da 'ya'yansu, tare da lakabin *Yadda Aka Haihu* (1984) da *New Potty* (1989). Cole koyaushe tana kiyaye matakin tunanin masu karatunta a zuciya yayin rubuta littattafan yara. Ta bayyana cewa babban gata ne a sami sana'a ta yin abin da ta ji daɗin lokacin yarinya. 

## Manazarta
Josephine Phelan

**Josephine Phelan** (1905 – 1979), marubuciyar Kanada kuma ma’aikaciyar laburare, ya sami lambar yabo ta Gwamna Janar don almara na Ingilishi a cikin 1951 don *The Ardent Exile*, tarihin rayuwar Thomas D'Arcy McGee .

An haife ta a Hamilton,Phelan ta yi karatu a Guelph kuma a Jami'ar Toronto inda ta sami Jagora na Tarihi.Bayan halartar Kwalejin Ilimi ta Ontario,Phelan ta koyar da makarantar sakandare kafin ta koma Montreal don yin aiki a bugawa.A cikin 1931,ta koma Jami'ar Toronto kuma ta sami digiri a kimiyyar ɗakin karatu a 1931 kuma ta yi aiki a ɗakin karatu na Jama'a na Toronto daga 1932 zuwa 1965.

## Manazarta
Joyce Fardell

**Joyce Fardell** (1923–2007)ma’aikaciyar laburare ce kuma malamarAustralia kuma mai ba da shawara ga adabin yara.Ta taka rawar gani wajen kafa matsayin malamar ɗakin karatu a Makarantun New South Wales,ta kafa ƙa'idar malama-marubuta waɗanda suka ƙware a matsayin malamai da kuma ƴan ɗakin karatu.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Joyce Gladys Fardell a Portland,New South Wales a ranar 31 ga Maris 1923. Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Portland kuma ta sami gurbin karatu don ci gaba da karatun sakandare.Joyce ta halarci Jami'ar Sydney 1940-1943 kuma ta yi aikin koyarwa a makarantar sakandare ta Sydney a 1943.

## Sana'a
Joyce ta fara aikinta a matsayin malama, sannan ma'aikaciyar laburare, a Makarantar Sakandare ta Portland a 1944.Daga nan ta zama ma’aikaciyar laburare a makarantar sakandare ta Penrith daga 1951 zuwa 1955.

An gayyaci Joyce don shiga Sabis na Makaranta na NSW a cikin 1956,ta jami'in "kafa" mai kulawa,Elizabeth Hill.A can ta yi aiki tare da Ailsa Hows da Maurice Saxby. A shekara ta 1959, Joyce ta zama ma'aikacin jami'a.

Tare da Daraktan Nazarin John Vaughan da Sufeto na Makarantu Phil Brownlee, Joyce ta haɗu da *Rahoton Rahoton kan Laburaren Makaranta* a 1969 wanda ta nuna buƙatar dakunan karatu a makarantun New South Wales da horar da malaman ɗakin karatu.Joyce ta kafa kwas na kwanaki goma ga malaman dakunan karatu.An canza Sabis na Laburaren Makaranta suna Sabis na Laburare a cikin 1973,tare da Joyce a matsayin Shugaba.A cikin 1975 lokacin da aka kafa kwas na farko na cikakken shekara don malaman dakunan karatu, ta nemi Sashen Ilimi don ba da kuɗin halartar malamai.  Karkashin jagorancin Joyce,Sabis na Laburare/Library na Makaranta NSW ya ba da shawara da jagora ga duk malaman dakunan karatu na makaranta, da masu kula da makarantu da sashe da masu yanke shawara.Waɗannan sun haɗa da buga *Jerin Littattafan Yara* . ,  *Adabi da Shirin Karatu*. ,  da *Bulletin na tsakiya*,  mafarin **SCAN** . 

## Manazarta
Juana Capdevielle

**Juana Capdevielle** (12 ga Agusta 1905 - 18 ga Agusta 1936) malama ce ta Spain kuma ma'aikaciyar laburare.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Juana Capdevielle a Madrid kuma ta tafi Pamplona don yin karatu a makarantar sakandare.Ta koma Madrid ne domin ta ci gaba da karatun jami'a sannan ta tafi Faransa,Jamus,Switzerland da Belgium.Bayan ta auri Francisco Pérez Carballo,gwamnan La Coruña, ta koma Galicia.Sojojin 'yan tawaye sun kama mijinta kuma suka harbe shi a watan Yuli 1936 a farkon yakin basasar Spain.Ba da daɗewa ba, a ranar 18 ga Agusta,Guardia Civil . Washe gari aka tsinci gawar ta a Rabade ; Sojojin kasar ne suka kashe ta. Juana tana da ciki a lokacin da aka kashe ta. 

## Manazarta
Madeline Nyamwanza-Makonese

**Madeline Nyamwanza-Makonese** ita ce mace ta farko da ta zama likita a Zimbabwe, mace ta biyu a Afirka da ta zama likita, kuma mace ta farko a Afirka da ta kammala digiri a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Rhodesia.    Ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Rhodesia Medical School a shekarar 1970.  Nasarar da Madeline ta samu na da matukar muhimmanci kuma wani babban ci gaba ne ga mata a ƙasar Zimbabwe, inda ake ɗaukar mata a al'adance da maza ba ɗaya ba. 

## Fage
Ita ce ta bakwai a cikin iyali mai mutane tara. An haife ta a St Augustine Mission, Penhalonga inda mahaifinta ya yi aiki a gonar mishan.

## Badakalar Karya
A cikin shekarar 2014, an sami abin kunya kamar yadda aka yi zargin cewa mijin Madeline, Mataimakin shugaban hukumar Eben Makonese na kungiyar agajin likitocin Cimas Medical Aid Society, ya rinjayi naɗin sirikinsa wanda bai cancanta ba a matsayin darektan kula da lafiya na kungiyar.   An cire daga Wasiƙar Lahadi mai kwanan wata 24 ga watan Agusta, 2014:

: **CIMAS: Saita rikodin madaidaiciya**
: *A cikin fitowarmu ta watan Afrilu 20-26, 2013, mun ɗauki labarin mai take "Nepotism scandal rocks Cimas".*
: *Tuni dai muka samu labarin cewa babu wani dalili na zargin da aka yi a cikin rahoton.* *Don haka muna ba da hakuri ga Cimas Medical Aid Society, tsohon mataimakin shugabanta Mista Eben Makonese, manajan darakta na sashin kula da lafiya Mista Mafingei Nyamwanza, da sauran mutanen da aka ambata a cikin wannan labarin, wato: Enest Samanga, Roselyn Magaramombe, Sarapia Sibanda, Sandra Mavuto da Erica Chidziva.*
:
: *Mun yi nadamar abin kunyar da ta jawo wa kowannensu.* - Mukaddashin Edita

## Manazarta
Irvine, California

**Irvine** birni ne da aka tsara na musamman a Kudancin Orange County, California, Amurka, a cikin babban birnin Los Angeles. Kamfanin Irvine ya fara haɓaka yankin a cikin 1960s kuma an haɗa garin bisa hukuma a ranar 28 ga Disamba, 1971.   birni  yana da yawan jama'a 307,670 a ƙidayar 2020 ; shi ne birni na 63 mafi yawan jama'a a Amurka .
Yawancin kamfanoni, musamman a cikin fasaha da sassan semiconductor, suna da hedkwatarsu ta ƙasa ko ta duniya a Irvine. Har ila yau, Irvine gida ne ga manyan cibiyoyin ilimi da yawa ciki har da Jami'ar California, Irvine (UCI), Jami'ar Concordia, Kwalejin Irvine Valley, Cibiyar Orange County na Jami'ar Kudancin California (USC),  da harabar Jihar California. Jami'ar, Fullerton (CSUF), Jami'ar La Verne, da Jami'ar Pepperdine ..

## Tarihi

’Yan asalin Gabrieleño sun zauna a Irvine kusan shekaru 2,000 da suka shige. Gaspar de Portolà, mai binciken Mutanen Espanya, ya zo yankin a cikin 1769, wanda ya haifar da kafa garu, manufa da garken shanu. Sarkin Spain ya ware filaye don ayyuka da kuma amfani na sirri.
Bayan da Mexico ta sami 'yancin kai daga Spain a 1821, majalisar dokokin Mexico ta zartar da dokar ba da izini ga Mexico na 1833 wanda ya ba da izini ga ayyukan kuma ya haifar da gwamnatin Mexico ta dauki iko da ƙasashen da aka ambata. Ya fara rarraba ƙasar ga ƴan ƙasar Mexico waɗanda suka nemi tallafi. Babban tallafin ƙasar Sipaniya/Mexica guda uku, wanda kuma aka sani da ranchos, ya ƙunshi ƙasar da daga baya ta zama Ranch ta Irvine: Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana, Rancho San Joaquin da Rancho Lomas de Santiago.

## Manazarta
Judith Hoffberg

**Judith Hoffberg** (Mayu 19, 1934 &#x2013; Janairu 16, 2009)  ma'aikaciyar laburare ce, ma'aikaciyar adana kayan tarihi, malama,mawallafiya kuma marubuciyarfasaha, kuma edita kuma mawallafin *Umbrella*, wasiƙar kan littattafan mai fasaha, fasahar wasiƙa, da fasahar Fluxus .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Hoffberg ta sami BA a Kimiyyar Siyasa daga UCLA a 1956. Ta ci gaba da samun MA a cikin Harshen Italiyanci da Adabi a 1960 da MLS daga Makarantar Sabis ɗin Laburare ta UCLA a cikin Yuni 1964.

Ta kasance ƙwararriyar Ƙwararrunbayan ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da labari a 1964-65 a Cibiyar Bologna ta Jami'ar Johns Hopkins a Italiya.A Laburare na Majalisa,ta kasance mai ba da labari a cikin Rubuce-rubuce da Hotuna har zuwa 1967, lokacin da ta yi aiki a matsayin Fine Arts Library a Jami'ar Pennsylvania daga 1967-1969. Ta ci gaba zuwa UCSD daga 1969 zuwa 1971 a matsayin zane-zane,adabi da mawallafiyar harshe da zuwa Laburaren Brand a Glendale, CA a matsayin Darakta daga 1971 zuwa 1973. Daga 1974 zuwa 1976, ta yi aiki a Cibiyar Smithsonian a matsayin Mai ba da kayan tarihi da kuma Mataimakiyar Edita don *Bicentennial Bibliography of American Arts*.

A cikin 1972, ta haɗa haɗin gwiwar Ƙungiyar Laburaren na Arewacin Amirka (ARLIS).Ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugaba na farko na Society, editan *ARLIS/NA Newsletter* daga 1972 zuwa 1977 da Sakatariyar Zartarwa daga 1974 zuwa 1977.

## Manazarta
Judith Nadler

**Judith Nadler** ma'aikaciyar laburare ce Ba'amurkiya kuma tsohuwar darekta ce ta Jami'ar Chicago Library.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Nadler a Romania.Ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Cluj kuma ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a Jami'ar Hebrew.An ba ta Jagora na Laburare da Kimiyyar Bayanai daga Makarantar Graduate ta Isra'ila.

## Sana'a
A cikin 1966,aikin farko na Nadler a Laburare na Jami'ar shine ke tsara kayan yaren waje.An kara mata girma a jere zuwa Shugabar Sashen Kimiyyar Zamani,Shugaban Sashen Kasidar,Mataimakiyar Darakta a Ayyukan Fasaha sannan kuma Mataimakin Darakta na Laburare. 

A cikin Oktoba 2004,an nada ta don maye gurbin Martin Runkle a matsayin shugaban ɗakin karatu.Yayin da take aiki a matsayin shugaba, ta kula da tsare-tsare da gina ɗakin karatu na Joe da Rika Mansueto. Nadler ya yi ritaya a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 2014. 

## Manazarta
Julia Nicol

**Julia Nicol** (1956 - 3 Afrilu 2019)yar gwagwarmayar Afirka ta Kudu ce kuma ma'aikaciyar ɗakin karatu. Nicol ta yi aiki tare da ƙungiyoyin LGBT a Afirka ta Kudu kuma ta kasance mai haɗin gwiwa kuma shugaban ƙungiyar 'yan madigo da 'yan luwadi (OLGA).

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Nicol a shekara ta 1956 a Johannesburg.Ta tafi makaranta a Jami'ar Cape Town kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin laburare har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a 1997.

Nicol ta fara aiki a matsayin mai fafutukar LGBT a farkon shekarun 1980.Ta kafa kungiya ta farko ta 'yan madigo a kasar Afirka ta Kudu mai suna 'Yan Madigo a cikin Soyayya da Rarraba Hali (LILACS). A matsayinta na mai fafutuka,Nicol kuma tana da hannu tare da Ƙungiyar Gay ta Afirka ta Kudu (GASA) kuma ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar 'yan madigo da 'yan luwadi da ke adawa da zalunci (LAGO).Daga baya,LAGO ta zama kungiyar 'yan madigo da 'yan luwadi (OLGA) tare da Nicol da abokin aikinta, Sheila Lapinsky, 'yan madigo daya tilo a kungiyar kuma sun yi aiki a matsayin jagoranci.Lapinsky da Nicol dukkansu suna da alhakin tabbatar da cewa haƙƙin LGBT wani ɓangare ne na faɗuwar ƙungiyoyin yaƙi da wariyar launin fata.

Nicol ta mutu a ranar 3 ga Afrilu, 2019. 

## Manazarta
Judy Yung

**Judy Yung** (1946 - Disamba 14,2020) farfesa ce Emerita a cikin Nazarin Amurka a Jami'ar California,Santa Cruz.Ta kware a tarihin baka,tarihin mata,da tarihin Asiya ta Amurka. Ta mutu a ranar 14 ga Disamba, 2020, a San Francisco, inda ta dawo cikin ritaya. 

## Rayuwa
Judy Yung ita ce 'ya ta biyar ga 'ya'ya shida da iyayen bakin haure daga kasar Sin suka haifa.Ta girma a San Francisco Chinatown,inda mahaifinta ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da kuma mahaifiyarta a matsayin mai dinki don tallafawa iyali. Yung ya sami damar koyon harsuna biyu ta hanyar halartar makarantun gwamnati da na Sinanci na tsawon shekaru goma. Ta samu Ph.D. a cikin Nazarin Kabilanci daga Jami'ar California,Berkeley. Har ila yau,ta sami digiri na biyu a Kimiyyar Laburare daga Jami'ar California, Berkeley,da BA a cikin Adabin Turanci da Sinanci daga Jami'ar Jihar San Francisco.

Kafin shiga makarantar kimiyya,Yung ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin laburare na reshen Chinatown na dakin karatu na jama'a na San Francisco da reshen Asiya na dakin karatu na jama'a na Oakland,wanda ya jagoranci habaka kayan yaren Asiya da tarin sha'awar Asiya ta Amurka a cikin dakin karatu na jama'a don karin hidima ga Asiya.Al'ummar Amurka.Ta kuma yi shekaru hudu tana aiki a matsayin abokiyar editan jaridar *Gabashin Yamma*.

A shekarar 1975,sakamakon gano wakokin Sinawa a bangon barikin da ake tsare da su a tsibirin Angel,Yung ya fara wani aikin bincike tare da shi Mark Lai da Genny Lim don fassara wakokin da kuma yin hira da tsoffin fursunonin kasar Sin game da abubuwan da suka shafi shige da fice.Sun buga *tsibirin da kansu: Waka da Tarihin Baki na Sinawa a tsibirin Angel, 1910-1940* a 1980, kuma Jami'ar Washington Press ta buga bugu na biyu na littafin a cikin 2014.

## Manazarta
Mohd Zulkifli Affendi Mohd Zakri

**Mohd Zulkifli Affendi Mohd Zakri** (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga watan Yulin alif 1982) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na ƙasar Malaysia. A baya ya taka leda kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin kyaftin na ƙungiyar Kuala Lumpur United. A halin yanzu yana bugawa ƙungiyar kulab ɗin FAM League Penjara F.C.

Ya taka leda a matsayin matashi na Kuala Lumpur kuma babban ɗan wasa kafin ya koma Kedah kafin ya ba da rancen ga Perlis a tsakiyar kakar shekarar 2006. Daga nan sai ya sanya hannu tare da ƙungiyar FAM Cup, DBKL FC kafin ya koma Proton FC.

Mohd Zulkifli  buga wa tawagar matasa ta Malaysia wasa.

## Manazarta
Naomi A. H. Millard

**Naomi Adeline Helen Millard**, née **Bokenham,** (16, Yuli 1914, Green Point, Cape Town - 12, Yuni 1997) ƙwararriya ce a fannin ilimin nazarin halittu ta Afirka ta Kudu, ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar Zoological Society of   South Africa da kuma Zoologica Africana Journal. 

## Rayuwa.
Naomi Adeline Helen Bokenham ta kasance a ranar 16, ga watan Yuli 1914,  a Green Point, Cape Town.  Ta kammala makarantar sakandare ta 'yan mata ta Wynberg kuma ta shiga Jami'ar Cape Town a shekara ta 1932, ta kammala digiri na biyu a 1935. 

A cikin shekarar 1938, Bokenham ta auri Arthur Millard kuma daga baya ya zauna a Pillans Road, Rosebank, yana renon ɗa da ɗiya. 

A cikin shekarar 1942, an ba wa Millard lambar yabo ta Ph.D. da digiri, kuma a cikin shekarar 1946, an naɗa ta a matsayin ma'aikaciya na dindindin a matsayin malama.

## Sana'a
A cikin shekarar 1951, Millard ta wallafa *Abubuwan lura da gwaje-gwaje akan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin teburin Bay Harbour, [[Afirka ta Kudu]] a cikin Ma'amaloli na Royal Society of  South Africa*.  A shekara ta 1952, an ba ta lambar yabo da ingancin wallafe-wallafen kimiyya.  A cikin shekarar 1958, Millard ta sami ƙarin girma zuwa babbar laccara kuma a cikin shekarar 1963, ta zama Fellow of the Royal Society of South Africa.

Daga shekarun 1961, zuwa 1972, Millard ta kasance sakatariyar girmamawa na kungiyar Zoological Society of Africa Executive Council of South Africa.  A cikin shekarar 1967, Millard ta wallafa wani aikin *Hydrois daga kudu maso yammacin Tekun Indiya.* *Annals na gidan tarihi na Afirka ta Kudu.* 

A cikin shekarar 1971, ta yi ritaya daga Jami'ar kuma ta shiga cikin ma'aikatan gidan adana kayan tarihi na Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin masaniya a fannin ilimin halittun ruwa da ke nazarin hydroids na Afirka ta Kudu. 

A cikin shekarar 1972-1977, Millard ta kasance Editar Jarida na Ƙungiyar Zoological Society na Majalisar Zartarwa ta Afirka ta Kudu.  Wani aikin Millard akan hydroids an wallafa shi a cikin shekarar 1977- *Hydroids daga ɗakunan Kerguelen da Crozet, wanda jirgin ruwa MD.03, na Marion-Dufresne ya tattara.* *Ann.* *S. Afr.* *Mus*.  A lokacin aikinta, ta kwatanta harajin Afirka ta Kudu sama da 100. 

A cikin shekarar 1980, an ba wa Millard lambar yabo ta Zinariya ta Ƙungiyar Zoological Society ta Kudancin Afirka. 

Naomi AH Millard ta mutu a ranar 12, ga watan Yuni 1997. 

## Zaɓaɓɓun Ayyuka.

* 1951 - Observations and experiments on fouling organisms in table Bay Harbour, South Africa.
* 1967 - Hydrois from the south-west Indian Ocean. Annals of the South African Museum.
* 1977 - Hydroids from the Kerguelen and Crozet shelves, collected by the cruise MD.03 of the Marion-Dufresne. Ann. S. Afr. Mus.

## Species named after Millard.

* *Gymnangium millardi* Ronowicz sp. nov.

## Manazarta.
Denzil Miller

**Denzil George Miller** (30 Afrilu 1951 - 30 Nuwamba Shekara ta 2019) masani ne a fannin kimiyyar ruwa  kuma kwararre kan kiyaye Antarctic, kamun kifi, siyasa da mulki.   

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Miller ya girma a Zambiya kuma ya halarci makaranta a Zimbabwe.  Ya ci gaba da samun digiri na uku a fannin nazarin halittun ruwa daga Jami'ar Cape Town.

## Sana'a
Miller ya yi aiki a matsayin masanin kimiyya na reshen harkokin ruwa da bakin teku na Sashen Muhalli na Afirka ta Kudu na tsawon shekaru 23, daga shekarun 1979 har zuwa 2002.   A wannan lokacin, ya halarci Hukumar Kula da Albarkatun Ruwa na Antarctic (CCAMLR) a matsayin memba na tawagar Afirka ta Kudu. Ya kira Ƙungiyar Ayyuka ta Hukumar akan Krill (1987 zuwa 1994) kuma ya jagoranci kwamitin kimiyya a shekarun (1997 zuwa 2000). 

Ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Sakatare na CCAMLR daga shekarun 2002 har zuwa 2010. 

Daga shekarun 2003 har zuwa 2008, Miller ya jagoranci Cibiyar Kula da Abinci da Aikin Noma ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya.

A cikin shekarar 2011, an naɗa shi a matsayin darektan Sashin Kimiyya da Bincike na Antarctic Tasmania. 

Miller shi ne wakilin Tasmania akan Dandalin Manyan Masanan Kimiyya na Australiya daga shekarun 2012 har zuwa 2017.

## Kyauta
A cikin shekarar 1995, Miller ya sami lambar yabo ta Afirka ta Kudu Antarctic Medal da lambar yabo ta BP Antarctic.  

A cikin watan Oktoban 2007, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu karɓa na duniya guda shida da za a ba da lambar yabo ta Duke na Edinburgh Conservation Medal saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga kiyayewa Antarctic da sarrafa kamun kifi. 

A cikin shekarar 2011, an sanya shi memba na Order of Ostiraliya yana gane hidimarsa ga kiyaye rayuwar Antarctic Marine Life.

## Manazarta
Andre Punt

**Andre Eric Punt** (an haife shi a watan Fabrairun 1965) masanin kimiyyar kamun kifi ne na Afirka ta Kudu kuma masanin lissafi, wanda aka fi sani da aikinsa kan kimanin hajojin kamun kifi (fisheries stock assessment).  Ya sami lambar yabo ta K. Radway Allen a cikin shekarar 1999 don gudummawar da ya bayar ga kimiyyar kamun kifi.

## Shekarun farko da ilimi
An haifi Andre Punt a cikin watan Fabrairun 1965 a Cape Town, Afirka ta Kudu.  Ya halarci Jami'ar Cape Town, inda ya sami digiri na BSc (tare da Girmamawa) a Kimiyyar Kwamfuta a shekarar 1986, MSc a fannin ilimin lissafi a shekarar 1988, da PhD a fannin ilimin lissafi a shekarar 1991. A matsayin ɗalibi na PhD a ƙarshen shekarun 1980s, Punt da abokin aikinsa Doug Butterworth sun fafata a wata gasa ta yau da kullun da sauran ƙungiyoyin bincike na ƙasa da ƙasa don haɓaka kwaikwaiyon kwamfuta wanda zai iya jagorantar yanke shawarar ƙima don whale harvest.  Puntin da abokan aikinsa sun ci gaba da samar da siminti da dabaru waɗanda za su iya haifar da rashin tabbas a cikin yawan bayanan whale.  Daga baya an yi amfani da waɗannan hanyoyin don kimanta haja da hake, sardine, anchovy da kuma kamun kifi na dutsen lobster na Afirka ta Kudu.

## Sana'a
A cikin shekarar 1992, bayan kammala karatun digirinsa, Punt ya shiga Makarantar Kifi a Jami'ar Washington a matsayin mataimakin mai bincike.  A cikin shekarar 1994, ya ƙaura zuwa Ostiraliya don yin aiki a matsayin mai ƙididdige albarkatu a Sashen Binciken Ruwa na CSIRO.  Anan, aikinsa akan kimar hannun jari yana da tasiri ga kamun kifin Ostiraliya. A cikin shekarar 1999, Ƙungiyar Kifi ta Ostiraliya ta ba da lambar yabo ta Punt ta K. Radway Allen Award don karrama gudunmawar kimiyya. Daga baya ya koma Jami'ar Washington, a Makarantar Kimiyyar Ruwa da Kifi.  Puntan sananne ne da haɗin gwiwarsa na ƙasa da ƙasa, musamman aikinsa tare da Hukumar Kula da Whaling ta Duniya da Hukumar Kula da Tunas ta Atlantika ta Duniya.

## Manazarta
Johannie Maria Spaan

**Johannie Maria Spaan** 'yar ƙasar  Afirka ta Kudu ce masaniya a fannin ilimin  halittun daji.

Bayan karatunta a fannin dabbobi da ilimin halittu a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tshwane, ayyukanta na farko sun kunshi gudanar da nazarin halayya akan squirrels na Cape. Ta kuma yi karatu a Jami'ar Pretoria, kuma ta samu karɓuwa a Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiyar dabbobi, Jami'ar Jihar Oregon da ke kasar Amurka don kammala karatun digiri na uku. Binciken da ta yi ya mayar da hankali ne kan tasirin maganin tsutsotsi a Afirka da kuma tasirinsa ga ɗan Adam.  Spaan tana cikin ƴan uwa goma sha biyar waɗanda L'Oréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science suka zaɓa don karɓar tallafin karatu na duniya don ci gaba da ayyukan binciken su. 

## Aiki
Bayan kammala B.Tech (Tsarin yanayi) a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tshwane a shekara ta 2005, Spaan ta ci gaba da aikinta na filin Cape Ground Squirrel a matsayin Masaniya a fannin Fasaha na Jami'ar Florida ta Jami'ar Pretoria kuma ta kammala wannan aikin a cikin watan Janairun shekarar 2006. A cikin watan Maris in shekarar 2006 ta koma Entabeni Private Game Reserve a lardin Limpopo na Afirka ta Kudu inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai bincike da "mai sarrafa gamerange" har zuwa watan Afrilun shekarar 2008. Daga watan Mayun shekarar 2008 zuwa watan Agusta 2012 ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar mai bincike kan TB Buffalo Project KNP a madadin Jami'ar Jihar Oregon da Jami'ar Jojiya. 

A watan Satumba na shekarar 2012 ta shiga cikin shirin PhD na sashen nazarin halittu na Jami'ar Jihar Oregon.  Spaan ta kammala karatun digirin digirgir a cikin shekarar 2018 tare da takardar shaidar mai suna *Stress Physiology in Free-ranging Female African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer): Environmental Drivers, and Immunological and Infection Consequences.*

## Manazarta
Ramsdale

**Ramsdale** na iya bada ma: ana  zuwa

* Ramsdale Beck, ƙaramin kogi ne dake  gabar Tekun Yorkshire ta Arewa
* Kwarin Ramsdale, wani kwari ne  a cikin Scarborough, Ingila, wanda gadar Valley ta mamaye
* Aaron Ramsdale (an haife shi a shekara ta 1998) shi ne ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila wace
*  take buga gasar premier ramsdal e (1885-1933), ɗan wasan rugby na Ingilishi