Laura Chinchilla

**Laura Chinchilla Miranda** (Spanish; an haife ta a ranar 28 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1959 ) masanin kimiyyar siyasa ce kuma 'yar siyasa ta Costa Rica wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Costa Rica daga shekara ta 2010 zuwa 2014. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin Mataimakin shugaban mata biyu na Óscar Arias Sánchez da Ministan Shari'a na gwamnatinsa. Ta kasance dan takarar PLN mai mulki a zaben 2010 na babban zaben, inda ta lashe da kashi 46.76% na kuri'un a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu. Ita ce mace ta takwas da ta zama shugabar kasar Latin Amurka kuma mace ta farko kuma har zuwa yanzu ita kadai ce ta zama shugaban Costa Rica. An rantsar da ita a matsayin Shugabar Costa Rica a ranar 8 ga Mayu 2010.  

Bayan barin ofishin, ta koyar a Jami'ar Georgetown a shekarar 2016. Chinchilla ita ce co-shugaban kungiyar Inter-American Dialogue think tank kuma mataimakin shugaban Club de Madrid . Chinchilla a baya ya yi aiki a matsayin Fellow a Cibiyar Siyasa da Ayyukan Jama'a ta Georgetown.

## Rayuwa ta farko
Chinchilla ta auri Mario Alberto Madrigal Díaz a ranar 23 ga Janairun 1982. Sun rabu a ranar 22 ga Mayun 1985. [ana buƙatar hujja][ana buƙatar ambato] Chinchilla ta haɗu da mijinta na biyu, José María Rico Cueto, wani lauya ɗan ƙasar Sipaniya wanda ke da ɗan ƙasar Kanada, a shekarar 1990 yayin da dukansu biyun ke aiki a matsayin masu ba da shawara ga Cibiyar Gudanar da Shari'a a Jami'ar Florida International da ke Miami, Florida. Ma'auratan sun haifi ɗa, José María Rico Chinchilla, a shekarar 1996. [ana buƙatar hujja][ana buƙatar ambato] Chinchilla ta auri Rico a ranar 26 ga Maris 2000.[1] Tarihin auren Chinchilla da yaron da ta haifa ba tare da aure ba bai yi wani tasiri sosai ga rayuwarta ta siyasa ba - duk da yawan mabiya addinin Katolika a ƙasar - saboda al'adar siyasa a Costa Rica ta guje wa hare-haren kai tsaye.[2]: 50

Chinchilla ya zama Mataimakin Ministan Tsaron Jama'a a karkashin Shugaba José María Figueres . Figueres ta nada ta Ministan Tsaron Jama'a, kuma ta zama mace ta farko da ta rike mukamin. An zabe ta a Majalisar Dokoki ta Costa Rica a shekara ta 2002. : 50 Chinchilla ya zama Mataimakin Shugaban kasa na farko na Costa Rica a shekara ta 2006, kuma ya dauki matsayin Ministan Shari'a da Zaman Lafiya. Ta rike wadannan mukamai har zuwa shekara ta 2008, lokacin da ta yi murabus don tsayawa takarar Shugaban kasar Costa Rica a Babban zaben 2010.  : 51 : 51 

## Yaƙin neman zaɓe na 2010
Yaƙin neman zaɓe na Chinchilla ba zato ba tsammani ba ne, saboda ba ta kasance fitacciyar memba na jam'iyyar siyasa ba, Jam'iyyar 'Yancin Kasa, kuma a baya ba ta nuna sha'awar shugabancin. Masu sharhi sun yaba wa Shugaba Óscar Arias da jagoranta ga shugabancin. [1] : 51 A lokacin yakin neman zabe, ta amfana daga hoton cewa ta kasance baƙo yayin da har yanzu ke wakiltar ci gaba da siyasa daga gwamnatin Arias.[1] : 60 abokan adawar Chinchilla sun zarge ta da kasancewa "wani ɗan tsana na Arias", tare da tallan kamfen ɗin da ke nuna ta a matsayin Marionette a hannunsa. Ita da abokanta sun soki ka'idoji biyu da suka shafi jinsi, kamar karuwar mayar da hankali kan tufafinta da shawarwarin cewa ta fi rauni.[1] : 75 : 75 

Chinchilla ya yi kamfen kan batutuwan jin dadin jama'a, gasa ta tattalin arziki, kariya ta muhalli, da tsaron gida. : 16 Ta yi amfani da taken firme y honesta (*mai ƙarfi da gaskiya*), yana ba da shawarar manufofin aikata laifuka masu ƙarfi da kuma dandalin yaki da cin hanci da rashawa, dukansu biyu sun kasance muhimman fifiko ga jama'a. : 60 Ba ta yi kamfen a bayyane kan batutuwan mata ba don kada ta ware masu jefa kuri'a, a maimakon haka ta inganta batutuwan da suka amfane iyalai. : 68 Manyan alkawuran kamfen sun haɗa da gina Gidaje masu karamin karfi 20,000, rage yawan rashin aikin yi daga 7.8% zuwa 5.0%, da kuma sauya ƙasar zuwa 95% masu sabuntawa. Ta kuma yi magana game da inganta ababen more rayuwa, kula da yara, da tilasta bin doka. : 16 : 16 

A zaben fidda gwani na Jam'iyyar National Liberation Party, Chinchilla ta ci nasara da kashi 15% a kan wanda ya zo na biyu, a wani bangare saboda amincewar Arias game da takarar ta. : 57 A lokacin babban zaben, manyan abokan adawar Chinchilla sune Ottón Solís na Jam'iyyar Citizens' Action da Otto Guevara na Libertarian Movement .  : 51 Ta ci nasara da kusan kashi 47% na kuri'un, tare da Solís da Guevara sun raba yawancin sauran tsakanin su. : 52 Chinchilla yana da goyon baya mai ƙarfi tsakanin mata da tsofaffi. Halinta, dabarun kamfen dinta, da kuma mace-mace duk an wakilta su a matsayin dalilai na goyon baya a cikin binciken masu jefa kuri'a. : 91 Duk da wannan, Chinchilla ba ta jaddada jinsi ba a lokacin kamfen dinta, a maimakon haka ta yi kamfen akan ra'ayoyin iyali na gargajiya. : 95 : 95 

## Shugaban kasar Costa Rica

### Babban birnin siyasa
Chinchilla ta hau mulki tare da Jam'iyyar National Liberation Party da ke riƙe da kujeru 24 daga cikin kujeru 57 na Majalisar Dokoki, wanda ya ba ta jam'iyyar da yawa. Ya yi ƙoƙari ya sake zabar Luis Gerardo Villanueva a matsayin shugaban majalisa ta hanyar keta ka'ida, wanda ya haifar da Juan Carlos Mendoza García na Jam'iyyar Citizen's Action Party ya ɗauki matsayin. :: 104 ">&#x3A;&#x200A;105&#x200A;">&#x3A;&#x200A;104&#x200A; Chinchilla tana da alaƙa da majalisa, tana jayayya da 'yan adawa da' yan jam'iyyarta. Mai binciken siyasa Constantino Urcuyo ya kiyasta cewa mambobi 12 ne kawai na majalisar dokoki suka haɗa kai da ita. : 105 Shekara guda a cikin wa'adinta, Chinchilla ta ki amincewa da shawarar Mendoza na kara albashin majalisa, wanda ya sa gwamnatin hadin gwiwa ta rushe. : 104 

Chinchilla ba ta da tushe na siyasa mai karfi a tsakanin masu jefa kuri'a yayin da take shugaban kasa, har ma daga masu jefa kuriʼa a cikin jam'iyyarta. :">&#x3A;&#x200A;117&#x200A; Yawancin Babban birnin siyasa ya dogara da alakar da take da ita da Arias. Lokacin da ta rabu da matsayinsa na manufofi, ta rasa goyon bayansa da na magoya bayansa. : 119 

An kalubalanci jagorancin Chinchilla a shekarar 2011 lokacin da ɗan'uwan Arias, Rodrigo Arias Sánchez, ya sanar da takararsa a matsayin shugaban kasa a Babban zaben 2014. Yin irin wannan sanarwar jim kadan bayan Chinchilla ta hau mulki an gan ta a matsayin zargi ga shugabancinta. :: 118  Wannan takaddamar ta sa 'yan majalisa a cikin Jam'iyyar National Liberation Party su rabu zuwa ƙungiyoyi, tare da magoya bayan Arias suna buƙatar canje-canje a cikin gwamnatin Chinchilla. : 16 : 16 

## Dubi kuma

* Siyasa ta Costa Rica
* Addini a Costa Rica

## Manazarta