Tunanin kamar dutse

**Tunanin kamar dutse,** kalma ce da Aldo Leopold ya kirkira a cikin littafinsa na  *A Sand County Almanac* .  A cikin sashin da ake kira "Sketches Here and There" Leopold ya tattauna tsarin tunani a matsayin cikakken ra'ayi game da inda mutum yake tsaye a cikin dukan yanayin halittu. Yin tunani kamar dutse yana nufin samun cikakken godiya ga zurfin haɗin kai na abubuwa a cikin yanayin halittu. Ayyuka ne na muhalli ta amfani da yanar gizo mai rikitarwa na yanayin halitta maimakon tunani a matsayin mutum mai zaman kansa.
## Asalin kalmar
Aldo Leopold ya fara fitowa da wannan kalmar ne sakamakon kallon mutuwar kyarkeci wanda aka harbe shi kuma yana mutuwa a hankali. A cikin waɗannan kwanakin abubuwan da suka faru na Leopold, babu wanda zai taɓa wucewa ya kashe kyarkeci saboda ƙananan kyarkewa suna nufin karin dabbobi, wanda ke nufin babban gogewar farauta. Koyaya, lokacin da Leopold ya ga "ƙaramin wuta mai zafi yana mutuwa a idanunta" ya san cewa dutsen ko kyarkeci ba su cancanci wannan ba. Leopold ya bayyana a cikin littafinsa, *A Sand County Almanac*:

A cikin wannan misali Leopold ya nuna cewa cire nau'in jinsin guda ɗaya na iya haifar da mummunar sakamako a cikin yanayin halittu. Duk da yake guje wa cascades na trophic hanya ce ta yin tunani kamar dutse, akwai wasu ayyukan muhalli da yawa waɗanda za a iya rarraba su a ƙarƙashin wannan ra'ayi mai zurfi da haɗin kai.

## Misalan zamanin d ̄ a
Kodayake ba a kirkiro kalmar ba har zuwa 1949, masana falsafa da yawa na zamanin d ̄ a suna da ra'ayoyi masu kama da waɗanda "tunanin kamar dutse". Epicurus na ɗaya daga cikin masana falsafa na farko da suka kalli rawar da mutum ke takawa a yanayi. Falsafarsa, Epicureanism, ra'ayi ne na jari-hujja wanda ke neman bayyana sararin samaniya kawai ta hanyar dalilai na halitta.

Lucretius masanin falsafa ne daga baya wanda ke da manufofin Epicurean. Ya rubuta tarin littattafai shida, De Rerum Natura, yana rarraba kalmar halitta. A cikin Littafin 5 na De Rerum Natura ya rubuta:

A cikin wannan nassi, Lucretius yana bayyana matsayin mutum a cikin halittar duniya. Lucretius mai goyon bayan Epicurean ne, ya yi imanin cewa rayuwa cikin ladabi da samun ilimi game da duniyar aiki sune mabuɗin rayuwa mai daɗi.

Aristotle ya kuma yi falsafa game da matsayin mutum a cikin yanayin halittu. A cikin Siyasa, ya tattauna rawar da al'umma ke takawa yayin da yake magana game da birane, unguwa, da gidaje. Tunanin tunani kamar dutse shine ainihin muhalli, amma ana iya amfani dashi ga siyasa. Aristotle yana ba da albarkatu ga 'yan ƙasa kan yadda su a matsayin mutane suka dace da al'ummarsu.

Sauran masana falsafa na dā suna kusantar ra'ayin kallon matsayin mutum a cikin yanayin halittu. Sun hada da Sophocles, masanin falsafar Girka, da Columella, masanin ilimin falsafar Romawa. Sophocles ya rubuta a cikin Antigone game da dokar halitta da cibiyoyin shari'a. A idanunsa, dokokin alloli sun fi na mutum nauyi kuma dole ne mutum ya fahimci matsayinsa a cikin tsari na dokar halitta. Columella, mai kama da Epicureans, ya yi imanin cewa don yin amfani da ƙasa mafi kyau, mutane bai kamata su dogara da alloli ba, amma ya kamata su zama masu ilimi kuma su koyi amfani da albarkatu yadda ya kamata.

## Misalan zamani
Kamar yadda rubutun Rachel Carson na Silent Spring ya canza yankin yadda ake amfani da sinadarai a cikin yanayi, Aldo Leopold har abada ya canza yadda muke kallon tasirin muhalli a kan muhalli da ke kewaye da mu tare da gabatar da kalmar "Thinking Like a Mountain" a cikin littafinsa A Sand County Almanac  a cikin 1949. Tun daga wannan lokacin, wannan magana da kuma ainihin tunanin da ta haifar ya rinjayi mutane a kowane bangare na rayuwa.

## Littattafai
Philip Connors ya yi ƙoƙari ya ci gaba da bayanin Leopold game da al'amuran muhalli ta hanyar wallafe-wallafen. A cikin yawancin littattafansa, musamman Fire Season,  Connors yana nuni da tunani kamar dutse lokacin da yake roƙon mai karatu ya yi tunani game da fiye da kawai farashin da fa'idodin da aikin yake da su. Ya yi imanin cewa duk wanda ya shaida mahalli ya kamata ya sami burin cimma abin da Leopold ya yi magana game da shi lokacin da ya bayyana rayuwa cikin jituwa da yanayi. Connors ya ce,

Wani marubuci, Leslie Thiele yana nufin tunani kamar dutse a cikin surori da yawa a cikin littafinsa Indra's Net and the Midas Touch .  A cikin babi ɗaya, Thiele ya bayyana yadda tunani kamar dutse shine, na farko da mahimmanci, ka'idar muhalli don rayuwa mai ɗorewa. Daga baya, ya kuma ambaci irin wannan rayuwa a matsayin tushen Ka'idojin muhalli. Thiele ya taƙaita ra'ayinsa game da tunani kamar dutse kamar yadda

## Fim din
Tunanin tunani kamar dutse ya kuma shiga cikin duniyar fina-finai da shirye-shirye masu tsawo. *Green Fire*, wanda aka saki a shekara ta 2011, fim ne game da tasirin Aldo Leopold a kan muhalli na zamani kuma yana kewaye da manufar tunani kamar dutse. Sunan *Green Fire* an yi shi ne don kama hoton mutuwar Leopold da kuma sha'awar da ya bi Adalci na muhalli da daidaitattun muhalli a duk rayuwarsa.

.Mai shirya fina-finai Alexander Hick ya shafe watanni da yawa a cikin 2017 tsakanin al'ummar Arhuaco a cikin Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, yana yin fim mai taken "Thinking Like A Mountain" tare da ɗan'uwansa Immanuel Hick a matsayin Darakta na Hoto. An fitar da fim din a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Nyon "visions du reel" a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 2018, kuma an nuna shi a wasu bukukuwa a duniya. Fim din ya lashe kyautar fim din 'yancin dan adam Deutscher Menschenrechts Filmpreis' a daya daga cikin rukunoni.

Ofishin Jakadancin Wolf: Gwaje-gwaje a Rayuwa (2018) ya rubuta wani rukuni na masu sa kai kusa da gefen kudancin Dutsen Rocky waɗanda ke neman kula da kansu kamar yadda suke kula da kyarketai da suke kula da su sosai. Tunanin Leopold game da kyarketai da yanayi ana nuna su kuma ana ambaton su a cikin fim din.

## Waƙoƙi
Tunanin tunani kamar dutse an saka shi cikin kiɗa. Mai zane-zane Libby Roderick ta yi amfani da ra'ayin *Tunanin Kamar Dutsen* a matsayin tushe ga kundin ta Thinking Like a Mountain .  A cikin wata waƙa musamman, Roderick ya daidaita tunani kamar dutse don kasancewa lafiya, gida, ko cikakke. Har ila yau, ta ƙare kowane sashi tare da "Tunanin kamar dutse, zuma, za mu yi gida" kamar dai za mu ce a ƙarshe za mu yi tunani tare da hangen nesa na dogon lokaci kuma mu dawo da rayukanmu a kan hanya mai aminci da mai ɗorewa. Bugu da ƙari, Roderick ya ƙare waƙar tare da ƙaddamarwa ga kowane rayuwarmu. 

## Dubi kuma

* Ra'ayoyi masu kyau

## manazarta