Marthe Vogt

**Marthe Louise Vogt** (8 ga Satumba, 1903 - 9 ga Satumba),   masanin kimiyya ne na Jamus wanda aka san shi a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan Masana kimiyyar kwakwalwa na karni na ashirin. Ana tunawa da ita ne saboda muhimmiyar gudummawar da ta bayar wajen fahimtar rawar da Neurotransmitters ke takawa a cikin kwakwalwa,  musamman epinephrine.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Vogt a Berlin, 'yar manyan masana kimiyyar jikin mutum biyu na Jamus, Cecile da Oskar Vogt (Faransanci da Danish-Jamusanci bi da bi). Ita ce 'yar'uwar Marguerite Vogt.

Marthe ta yi karatun likitanci da ilmin sunadarai a Jami'ar Berlin (1922-1927), inda ta sami digiri a matsayin Dokta na Medicine tare da bincike kan jikin mutum na microscopal. Ta kuma sami D.Phil a cikin ilmin sunadarai don bincike a cikin ilman sunadarai a kan metabolism na carbohydrate a Kaiser Wilhelm Institut für Biochemie a ƙarƙashin C. Neuberg (1927-1929). 

## Ayyuka
Tare da Nazism a kan hauhawar a duk faɗin Jamus, Vogt da sauran masana kimiyya na Jamus (ciki har da Edith Bulbring), sun yanke shawarar cewa ƙaura zuwa Burtaniya zai zama mai fa'ida sosai, kuma a cikin 1935 ta isa Rockefeller Travelling Fellowship a Ingila. Vogt ya shiga kungiyar British Pharmacological Society kuma ya fara aiki tare da Sir Henry Dale a Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa, London. Vogt ya rubuta takarda tare da Dale da Wilhelm Feldberg: 'Sage of Acetylcholine at Voluntary Motor Nerve Endings' a cikin 1936.  Sir Henry Dale ya sami lambar yabo ta Nobel don ilimin lissafi ko magani a cikin 1936 bisa ga aikin da aka bayyana a cikin wannan takarda, kuma ya yaba wa Feldberg da Vogt a cikin lacca.

A ƙarshen 1935, don rabi na biyu na Rockefeller Traveling Fellowship, Marthe Vogt ta fara aiki a Cambridge kan alaƙar hawan jini zuwa abubuwa daga koda na ischaemic tare da Farfesa EB Varney, tare da ƙarin tallafin kuɗi daga Royal Society. An kuma ba ta lambar yabo ta Alfred Yarrow Research Fellowship na Kwalejin Girton a shekara mai zuwa. A shekara ta 1938 an ba ta digiri na girmamawa daga Cambridge, inda ta kasance mai zanga-zanga a fannin ilimin magunguna da ilimin lissafi.

Abin takaici, siyasar yakin duniya na biyu ta yi barazanar aikinta. Kasar Jamus ta haifar da bincike daga jami'an leken asiri na Burtaniya a 1940, wadanda suka rarraba ta a matsayin wani rukuni na A abokin gaba baƙi saboda jami'an Nazi ba za su yarda da murabus dinta daga alƙawari na dindindin ba lokacin da ta bar Jamus. An kawo ta gaban kotun da ta yanke hukunci don shigar da ita nan take. Koyaya, abokan aiki da abokai na Vogt sun taru don taimaka mata kuma an ba da roko, ya 'yantar da ita don ci gaba da aikinta a Cambridge.

Vogt ya kasance a Cambridge na tsawon shekaru biyar, yana aiki a kan batutuwa a cikin hauhawar jini da aikin glandar adrenal. A shekara ta 1947, Vogt ta zama malami kuma daga baya mai karatu a fannin ilimin magunguna a Jami'ar Edinburgh, inda ta ci gaba da aiki a kan abubuwan watsawa, ta wallafa bincike kan serotonin da reserpine. A cikin 1948, Vogt ya buga wani aiki mai mahimmanci tare da William Feldberg: "acetylcholine synthesis a yankuna daban-daban na tsarin juyayi na tsakiya". Takardar ta ba da shaidar farko game da rawar da acetylcholine ke takawa a matsayin neurotransmitter kuma ta nuna rarraba yankin na tsarin cholinergic a cikin kwakwalwa.

Ta kasance farfesa mai ziyara a Jami'ar Columbia, New York a shekarar 1949. A cikin shekaru talatin masu zuwa, Vogt za ta raba lokacinta tsakanin Cambridge, Landan da Edinburgh, kuma a cikin 1960 ta sake komawa Cambridge don jagorantar Sashin Pharmacology a Cibiyar Babraham, ta yi ritaya a cikin 1968. Ta ci gaba da bincike a can har zuwa 1990.

## Manazarta