Ƙwayoyin cuta na Ebola

**Ƙwayoyin cutar na Ebola** (**EVD**) ko **Cutar zazzaɓin jini ta Ebola** (**EHF**) cuta ce ta ɗan adam wadda kwayoyin cuta na Ebola ke haifarwa. Alamomin cutar kan fara bayyana daga kwanaki biyu zuwa mako uku daga kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cutar, wanda kan fara da zazzaɓi, zafin maƙogwaro, ciwon nama, da ciwon kai. Musamman tashin zuciya, amai, da gudawa kan biyo baya, tare da raguwar aikin hanta da ƙoda. A wannan matakin, wasu mutanen kan fuskanci matsalar zubar da jini.

A kan sami cutar idan an haɗu da jini ko ruwan jiki na dabbar da ke ɗauke da cutar (musamman birrai ko jemagu). Babu wani rahoto da ya tabbatar da yaɗuwar cutar ta hanyar iska a wuraren zaman jama’a. An yi imani cewa jemagu kan ɗauki ƙwayar cutar kuma su yaɗata ba tare da su sun kamu ba. Da zarar ɗan adam ya kamu, to sauran jama’a na iya kamuwa. Maza waɗanda su ka warke daga cutar na iya yaɗata ta hanyar maniyyi har tsawon kusan wata biyu. Domin bayar da magani, a kan ware wasu cututtuka masu yanayi guda kamar zazzaɓi, kwalara da sauran cututtukan zazzaɓi da suka shafi jini. Domin tabbatar da maganin, ana gwada jini domin tabbatar da ƙwayoyin garkuwar jiki, RNA, ko ƙwayar cutar kanta.

Matakan kariya sun haɗa da hana yaɗuwar cutar daga birrai da aladai *pigs* da suka kamu da cutar zuwa ‘yan adam. Za’a iya haka ne ta duba dabbobin domin gano waɗanda suka kamu da kuma kashesu da binnesu  idan an gano cutar. Dafa nama sosai da kuma saka kayayyakin kariya lokacin da ake sarrafa nama zai taimaka, kamar dai yadda saka kayan kariya da wanke hannu za su taimaka lokacin da aka kusanci mai ɗauke da cutar. Lallai a yi kaffa-kaffa wajen ta’ammali da ruwa ko yau da majina da suka fita daga masu ɗauke da cutar. 

  
Babu wani magani na musamman ga cutar; amma za’a iya taimakawa mai ɗauke da cutar ta hanyar ɗura masa ruwan gishiri da sukari (ruwa mai gishiri-gishiri da sukari-sukari domin sha) ko ta hanyar ƙarin ruwa a jijiyar jini. Cutar na da saurin hallakarwa: wasu lokutan ta kan kashe tsakanin mutum 50% da 90% na waɗanda suka kamu da ƙwayoyin cutar. An fara gano ƙwayar cutar EVD a Sudan da  Jamhuriyar Damukuraɗiyyar Kwango. An fi samun ɓarkewar cutar a yankuna masu zafi na kusa da Hamadar Afirka. Daga shekarar 1976 (lokacin da aka fara gano cutar) zuwa shekara ta 2013, ƙasa da mutane 1,000 ne suka kamu. Ɓarkewa mafi girma har zuwa yau ita ce wadda aka samu a halin yanzu Ɓarkewar Ebola a Yammacin Afirka na shakara ta 2014, wanda ya shafi Guinea, Sierra Leone, Laberiya da wata kila Najeriya. Har zuwa watan Agusta shekara ta 2014 an sami mutane 1600 waɗanda suka kamu.  Ana nan ana ƙoƙarin gano allurar riga-kafin cutar; amma, yar yanzu babu.. 

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## Manazarta

## External links

* ViralZone: Ebola-like viruses – Virological repository from the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
* CDC: Ebola hemorrhagic fever – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Special Pathogens Branch
* WHO: Ebola haemorrhagic fever – World Health Organization, Global Alert and Response
* Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR): Filoviridae
* 3D macromolecular structures of the Ebola virus archived in the EM Data Bank (EMDB) 
* Google Map of Ebola Outbreaks 
* WHO recommended infection control measures