Berty Albrecht

**Berty Albrecht** (15 ga Fabrairu 1893 - 31 ga Mayu 1943) 'yar Faransa ce kuma shahadar adawa ta Faransa ta yakin duniya na biyu .

## Rayuwa kafin yaƙin
An haifi Berthe Wild a cikin iyalin Furotesta na asalin Switzerland, amma na bourgeoisie na Marseille. Ta yi karatu a Marseille sannan a Lausanne, kuma ta sami difloma ta jinya a watan Yunin 1912. Ta yi aiki a asibitin soja a lokacin yakin duniya na farko. A cikin 1919 ta auri wani dan kasar Holland, Frédéric Albrecht, tare da shi ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu, Frédéic (an haife shi a 1920) da Mireille (an haifi shi a 1924). Ma'auratan sun fara zama a Netherlands, sannan suka koma London a 1924. A Landan ne ta sadu da 'yan mata na Ingila kuma ta zama mai aiki don ƙoƙarin inganta yanayin mata.

Kasuwancin mijin Albrecht ya gaza bayan rikicin kudi na 1929 da kuma matsalar da ta biyo baya. Sun amince cewa zai fi kyau ta koma Faransa (da farko zuwa gidansu a Beauvallon, kusa da Sainte-Maxime a kan Riviera na Faransa) don adana kuɗi. An raba ta (amma ba ta sake ta ba) daga mijinta, ita da 'ya'yanta sun koma Paris. :64-65

A can, ta kafa abota da Victor Basch, malami a Sorbonne kuma shugaban kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam. Albrecht ta kasance mai goyon bayan haƙƙin mata kuma ta kafa mujallar mata, Le Problème Sexuel (*Matsalar Jima'i*), inda ta yi kamfen don haƙƙin hana haihuwa da zubar da ciki. Mijinta ne ya ba da kuɗin, mujallar ta buga fitowa biyar, daga Nuwamba 1933 zuwa Yuni 1935.  :83-88 A cikin fall of 1934, Albrecht ya ziyarci USSR kuma ya dawo tare da kyakkyawan ra'ayi game da ci gaban Tarayyar Soviet a fannoni kamar hakkokin mata, kula da lafiya, taimakon jama'a, makarantu, jami'o'i, wuraren kula da yara. :88-91 A cikin 1935, ta taimaka wajen kafa Kwamitin Taimako na Habasha .

A cikin 1933, da sanin haɗarin Nazism da ƙiyayya ga Yarjejeniyar Munich, Albrecht ya yi maraba da 'yan gudun hijirar Jamus (musamman Yahudawa da masu adawa da siyasa da ke tserewa daga fascism) zuwa gidanta a Sainte-Maxime, inda ta sadu da Kyaftin Henri Frenay, wanda zai tsira daga Yaƙi kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun wakilan masu adawa na Faransa. Duk da bambance-bambance na siyasa (a wannan lokacin, ya kasance a bangaren dama na kasa, yayin da take da alaƙa da abubuwan da ke gefen hagu), Albrecht da Frenay sun zama masoya kuma, daga baya, masu shirya babban ƙungiyar adawa, Combat .  :94-96

A shekara ta 1937, Berty ya yi aiki a makarantar masu kula da masana'antu. Daga nan sai ta zama ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa, tana aiki a masana'antar kayan aiki na gani. :112-115

## Tsayayya
A shekara ta 1940, an tattara Albrecht a matsayin mai kula a Usines Fulmen, da farko a Clichy sannan a Vierzon .  :124-135 Da yake ta yi baƙin ciki game da armistice, sai ta yanke shawarar ci gaba da yin Yaƙi kuma ta koma Free Zone inda ta sadu da Frenay, wanda ya tsere daga cibiyar tsare fursunonin yaki a Jamus. :135 A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1940, Albrecht ya karɓi aikin samar da Bulletin na mako-mako na Frenay. Tare, sun samar da mujallu uku a jere: "Bulletins d'informations et de propagande" (Information and Propaganda Bulletins), "Les Petites Ailes" (Little Wings) sannan kuma "Vérités" (Gaskiya), kafin su zama daraktocin cibiyar sadarwa ta "Combat", ɗaya daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin juriya. Bugu da ƙari, godiya ga lambobinta, Pierre de Froment da Robert Guédon sun sami damar haɓaka ayyukansu a cikin juriya. :168

A shekara ta 1941, an hayar Albrecht a matsayin "masanin binciken rashin aikin mata" na birnin Lyon. Tun da yake ta kasance sananniyar mai fafutuka kafin yaƙin, 'yan sanda na Faransa da kuma' yan sanda na Jamus suna kula da Albrecht sosai. Ta shirya sabis na zamantakewa a cikin yankin kyauta wanda ya taimaka wa masu gwagwarmayar da aka ɗaure da iyalansu. 'Yan sanda na Faransa ne suka kama ta a karo na farko a watan Janairun 1942. An sake ta bayan kwana uku, an tilasta mata ta yi murabus daga matsayinta a Lyon.

Gwamnatin Vichy ta kama ta, a ƙarshen Nuwamba 1942, an sanya ta a tsare-tsare kuma ta ki amincewa da lauya ko shari'a. Ita, tare da sauran fursunonin siyasa, ta shiga yajin aikin yunwa don samun damar yin shari'a kuma an cika bukatar ta bayan kwanaki 13. Bayan an tura ta kurkukun Saint-Joseph a Lyon, an yi mata shari'a watanni shida bayan haka kuma an hukunta ta ta ta kwashe sauran yakin a sansanin da gwamnatin Vichy ta kafa. A ranar 11 ga Nuwamba, 1942, Jamusawa sun mamaye Free Zone a Faransa. Tsoron korar ta, ta yi amfani da rikice-rikicen da ke mulki don kwaikwayon hauka kuma an kwantar da ita a asibitin mahaukaci (Le Vinatier a Bron). Ta tsere a ranar 23 ga watan Disamba, 1942,  godiya ga aikin da kwamandoji daga Groupes Francs de Combat da 'yarta, Mireille suka yi. 

Da yake ƙin barin Faransa zuwa Ingila, Albrecht ya ɓoye, da farko a Cevennes, a Durfort, sannan kusa da Toulouse. Ta ɗauki sunan da ba a sani ba: Victoria . A farkon watan Fabrairun 1943, ta shiga Frenay a Cluny, ta sami mafaka tare da Jeannine Frèze-Milhaud . A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1943, Albrecht ya yi tafiya zuwa Marseilles don halartar taron tare da Maurice Chevance, Marcelle Bidault, Jeannine Frèze-Milhaud da Jean Multon (wanda zai zama wakili biyu).  :269-271 A lokacin wannan taron, ta yi kuskuren bayyana hulɗa a yankin Lyon, Hôtel de Bourgogne a Mâcon .  Wannan kuskuren ya zama mai kisa.

## Kamawa da mutuwa
Klaus Barbie yayi fatan kama Henri Frenay ta hanyar amfani da Berty Albrecht a matsayin tarko. Ya shirya a aika da saƙon ƙarya ga Albrecht, yana gaya mata game da isowar wani mutum daga Marseilles wanda ta sani (Jean Multon, wanda ya bayyana cewa shi ne mutumin da ya ci amanarta: -271) kuma wanda yake so ya ba ta labarin Maurice Chevance, babban abokin Henri Frenay a cikin juriya.  Berty ya tafi taron kuma Abwehr da Gestapo na Lyon sun kama shi a ranar 28 ga Mayu, 1943, a Mâcon, a gaban Klaus Barbie, Robert Auguste Moog da Jean Multon. Yayin da aka kama ta, ta yi gargadi ga 'yan adawa: "Ku kula, abokai, Gestapo tana nan! ". :260

A cikin jakarta, Barbie ta sami ambulaf da aka aika wa dangin Gouze a Cluny inda Albrecht ya kwana. Gestapo ta bincika gidan Gouze kuma an yi wa ma'auratan tambayoyi sannan aka sake su. Da ta dawo da hannu wofi, Barbie ta kulle Albrecht kuma ta azabtar da ita a Hôtel Terminus, hedkwatar SIPO-SD a Mâcon. :261

Kodayake Barbie bai yi nasara ba wajen kama Frenay, nan da nan ya fahimci cewa Albrecht kanta muhimmiyar kyauta ce. Don haka ya yanke shawarar ƙaura da ita nan da nan zuwa Paris. A ranar 31 ga Mayu, 1943, an tura ta Kurkukun Fresnes kusa da Paris,  a cikin sashin fursunonin doka.

Bayan wani karin azabtarwa, an same ta rataye a wannan rana, mai yiwuwa ta hanyar kashe kanta don kauce wa bayyana bayanai ga abokan gaba. An ce ta ce: "Rayuwa ba ta da daraja sosai, mutuwa ba ta da tsanani. Duk abin da ke ciki shi ne rayuwa daidai da girmamawa da kuma manufa da mutum yake da ita ga kansa. "An binne Abrecht a cikin lambun kayan lambu na kurkuku a kabarin lamba 347.  :266

A ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, 1943, an sanya ta Abokiyar 'Yanci. A cikin harajinsa a ranar 6 ga Oktoba, 1943, Frenay ya bayyana a BBC: "Ba zan iya cewa duk abin da Faransa ke bin ta ba, saboda kodayake ta mutu, juriya har yanzu tana da rai sosai".

## Kabari da gado

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 1945, an gano gawar Albrecht a cikin gidan yarin Fresnes. [1] Bayan yakin, gwamnatin Faransa ta yanke shawarar gina wani abin tunawa da yaki da Faransa (Mémorial de la France combattante) ga wadanda suka mutu a yaƙi a yaƙin. Za a binne jarumai goma sha biyar na yakin a Fort Mount Valerien, a Suresnes kusa da Paris. Goma sha biyar sun hada da namiji da mace wadanda suka mutu suna fada a cikin Resistance. A ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 1945, an cire sunan Berty Albrecht daga hular a Mont Valérien . A sakamakon haka, ta sami girmamawa na binne ta a Dutsen Valerien . An sake binne shi a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba, 1945.[2] :9-16

Albrecht ya sami bambance-bambance da yawa bayan mutuwarsa': 

* Compagnon de la Libération (ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata shida da aka sanya wa wannan tsari) 
* Medal na soja (bayan mutuwarsa) 
* Croix de Guerre 1939-1945 tare da amincewar Sojoji
* Jami'in Tsayayya

## Dubi kuma

* Jeanne Bohec

## Manazarta