Abu Hurairah

**Abu hurayrah**  (Larabci: عبد الرحمن بن صخر الدوسي‎‎; 602–679), Abulrahman dan sakhar  al-Dawsi al-Zahrānī ٱلدَّوْسِيّ ٱلزَّهْرَانِيّ; c. Mai Riwayar Hadisi A Musulunci,  An fi sanin shi da suna ,Abu Hurairah, ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan sahabban Annabi Muhammad S.A.W, kuma shine sahabin da yafi kowa yawan haddace hadisan Annabi, Hurairah sunan mage ne da'ake kiran shi da ita, saboda saban da yayi da mage.

## Kuruciya
An haife shi a garin Al-Jabur na kasar Larabawa ga kabilar Banu Daws ta kabilar Zahran, yana daya daga cikin mutanen farko da suka karbi Musulunci, sannan ya zama dan Suffah bayan hijira Muhammad. A zamanin halifa Rashidun Umar, ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin malami, mawallafin hadisi, gwamnan soja na Bahrain, da soja. 

Malaman musulmi sun karrama shi da kyakykyawan tunaninsa na hoto, ya haddace hadisai masu tarin yawa sama da 5,000, wanda daga baya ya samar da sarkoki sama da 500,000 na riwaya, wanda ya zama misali da malaman Hadisi a yau. 

## Rayuwa
**Zuri'a**

Ba a san sunan Abu Hurairah (ism) na kashin kansa ba, haka ma na mahaifinsa.Mafi shaharar ra'ayi, wanda Al-Dhahabi da Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani suka yi, shi ne: AbdulRaḥman ibn Sakhr (عبد الرحمن بن صخر) A cewar Al-Dhahabi, Abu Hurairah ya fito daga cikin fitattun dangin Banu Daws na kabilar Zahran Larabawa, kuma an haife shi a yankin Al-Bahah. Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani ya samo asalin zuriyar Banu Daws zuwa Azd, kakan Nabatean na Larabawa kudu, ta hanyar Zahran.[6] Al-Qalqashandi ya ruwaito Zahran a matsayin zuriyar Khalid bn Nasr, yayin da Ibn Hazm ya ruwaito cewa Zahran daga zuriyar Malik bn Nasr ne, mutumin Qahtani. Ruwayoyin hadisi sun nuna cewa Muhammadu yana da ra’ayi mai kyau game da Banu Daws, wanda suka yi masa kallon daidai da kabilarsa, Kuraishawa, Ansar Madina, da Banu Thaqif .  

## Musulunta da Rayuwa a Madina
Abu Hurairah ya musulunta ta hannun Tufayl ibn 'Amr, shugaban kabilarsa a shekara ta 629, 7AH. Tufayl ya koma ƙauyensa ne bayan ya gana da Muhammad a Makka kuma ya musulunta a farkon shekarunsa. Abu Hurairah yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka fara karbar Musulunci daga kabilarsa, sabanin yadda akasarin kabilar Tufayl suka musulunta daga baya. Abu Hurairah ya raka Tufayl zuwa Madina don ganawa da Muhammad wanda ya sa masa suna Abdurrahman. An ce ya sami wata ‘yar kyanwa ta bace, sai ya dauko ta a hannun hannunsa, shi ya sa aka sa masa suna Abu Hurairah (mahaifin kyanwa). 

Bayan hijira (kaura zuwa madina) Abu Hurairah ya zama daya daga cikin ma’abota Suffah: : 129 – Abu Hurairah ya makale ga Muhammad  kuma ya yi balaguro da tafiye-tafiye tare da shi. An ruwaito Abu Hurairah da cewa ya halarci Yakin Dhat al-Riqa, wanda ya gudana a Najd a shekara ta 4 bayan hijira ko kuma 5 bayan hijira. Ijma’in malaman musulmi suna ganin cewa aikin sojan Abu Hurairah ya faro ne bayan yaqin Khaibar, bayan haka kuma ya halarci yaqin Mu’uta, da yaqin Makka, da Hunain, da yaqin Tabuka[16]. Daga baya kuma aka aika da Abu Hurairah a matsayin liman zuwa ga al-Ala al-Hadhrami a garin Bahray. 

Abu Hurairah shi ne surukin fitaccen tabi’u (pl.’tabi’un) Said bn al-Musayyib (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 715), wanda ya yi furuci da cewa ya auri ‘yar Abu Hurairah ne domin ya kusanci mahaifinta da sanin hadisin da ya mallaka. Hammam bn Munabbih (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 748) , wani fitaccen tabi’i kuma almajirin Abu Hurairah ya tattaro hadisin da Abu Hurairah ya ruwaito masa a cikin littafinsa na hadisi Sahifah Hammam bn Munabbih, daya daga cikin tarihin hadisai na farko. Babu wani ambaton dangin Abu Huraira, amma an san yana da wata mata mai suna Basra bint Ghazwan. 

## Bayan wafatin Muhammadu (SAW.).
Kamar yadda Ahmad bn Hanbal ya ce, bayan rasuwar Muhammad, Abu Hurairah ya halarci yaqoqin Ridda a qarqashin halifan Rashidun na farko, Abubakar[18]. Bayan wafatin Abubakar, a zamanin Umar, Abu Hurairah ya taka rawar gani a yakin da musulmi suka yi a Farisa. Daga baya ya zama gwamnan Bahray. A wannan lokacin, Abu Hurairah ya samu arziqi, inda ya tara kusan dinari 10,000 na gwal ta hanyar dawaki na kiwo da ganima, wanda ya kawo Madina. Hakan ya sa Umar ya zarge shi da cin hanci da rashawa. Daga baya aka samu Abu Hurairah ba shi da laifi, sai Umar ya sake nemansa ya sake gudanar da mulkin Bahrayna, sai ya ki amincewa. Bayan ya bar gwamna Abu Hurairah ya koma madina ya yi aikin qadi (alkali), yana bayar da fatawa (waka.):  357  Abu Hurairah yana daga cikin masu kare halifa Rashidun na uku, Uthman, a lokacin da aka kashe shi. Abu Hurairah ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mufti bayan wafatin Uthman. A farkon zamanin Banu Umayyawa an wajabta wa Abu Hurairah aikin tantance ingancin hadisin da ke yawo a cikin halifanci. 

## Wafati
Abu Hurairah ya rasu a shekara ta 679 (59 bayan hijira) yana da shekaru 76 kuma an binne shi a al-Baqi'. Al-Walid bn Utba wanda shi ne gwamnan Madina ne ya jagoranci sallar jana'izarsa, kuma Abd Allah bn Umar da Abu Sa'id al Khudri suka halarci . Al-Walid ya rubuta wa Mu’awiya na farko game da rasuwarsa, wanda ya yi rangwamen dirhami dubu 10 ga magada Abu Huraira, ya kuma umurci Al-Walid da ya kula da su.A shekara ta 1274 (673H) aka gina Mausoleum na Abu Hurairah a garin Yibna, bisa umarnin Mamluk Sultan Baibars. An bayyana makabartar a matsayin “daya daga cikin mafi kyawun kabarbare a cikin Falasdinu.” Bayan Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra’ila na 1948, gwamnatin Isra’ila ta keɓe wurin ibada ga Yahudawa da gwamnatin Isra’ila ta keɓe ga Gamaliel na biyu, kodayake ba a binne Abu Hurairah ko Gamaliel na biyu a cikin kabarin ba. 

## Gado da tasiri
Hadisin da Abu Hurairah ya ruwaito yana da banbance-banbance, malaman Musulunci da suka kware a fannin hadisi, ‘Aqidah, Fiqhu (Fiqhu), ijtihād, tafsiri (tafsirin Alqur’ani), da ilimin fiqihu na Musulunci suke amfani da shi.

A cikin Kitabul-Iman littafinsa na aqida Ibn Taimiyyah (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 1328) ya yi amfani da ruwayoyin hadisi daga Abu Hurairah wajen nazarin tauhidi. Ibn Kathir ya yi amfani da riwayoyin Abu Hurairah a cikin Al-Nihāyah fī al-Fitan wa al-Malaḥim, aiki kan ilimin tarihin musulunci. Ana iya samun ambaton ruwayar Abu Hurairah a cikin Tafsirin Tabari na al-Tabari, tafsirin Ibn  Kathir Ibn Kathir, al-Mahalli da al-Suyuti tafsir al-jalalayn na hadin gwiwa, da kuma al-Qurtubi tafsirin, tafsirin Alkur’ani dukkansu ayyukansu ne. tafsiri, ko tafsirin Alqur'ani. Haka nan suna komawa ga ijtihadin Abu Hurairah da fatawa da ta haifar a matsayin albarkatunsu.  

Abu Hurairah yana daga cikin ‘yan tsirarun sahabban Muhammad wadanda suka bayar da hukunce-hukuncen fikihu ko fatawa (waka. fatawa), kuma shi da kan sa sahabin sa na zamani Ibn Abbas ya bukaci ya yi hakan. Kamar yadda mazhabar Ahlus-Sunnah (waka. mazhaba, mazhabar fikihu) ta ginu a kan hukunce-hukunce ko ruwayoyi daga sahabbai Muhammad, hukunce-hukuncen hukunce hukuncen mazhabar Ahlus-Sunnah guda hudu sun dogara da fatawar Abu Hurairah da ruwayoyinsa masu yawa. Taqi al-Din al-Subki ya tattara fatawar Abu Hurairah a cikin littafinsa Fatawa Abu Hurairah[17]. Abu Hurairah yana daga cikin fitattun sahabban Muhammad shida wadanda suka yi hukunce-hukuncen hukunce-hukuncen shari’a a zamanin Rashidun, sauran su ne Ali, da Sa’ad bn Abi Waqqas, da Abu Darda, da Sa’id al-Khudri, da Abu Shafiah. Abd al-Rahman Jaziri malami a jami’ar Azhar ya kammala da cewa a kan wasu mas’aloli mazhabar hudu sun yi ijma’i a kan hukuncin Abu Hurairah.  

Manyan mazhabar Ahlus-Sunnah guda hudu, duk sun yi amfani da hadisin da Abu Hurairah ya ruwaito a cikin manyan hukunce-hukuncen shari’a. Muwatta Imamu Malik, littafin hadisi na wanda ya assasa mazhabar Malikiyya, Malik ibn Anas, ya kunshi hadisai daban-daban da Abu Hurairah ya ruwaito inda suke kafa hujja da hukunce-hukuncen shari’a. Bulugh al-Maram, hadisin da Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani ya tattara dangane da mazhabar Shafi’i, shi ma yana dauke da hadisai da dama da Abu Hurairah ya ruwaito. Arba’un an-Nawawiyyah na Al-Nawawi kuma ya ƙunshi ruwayoyi daga Abu Hurairah. Kamar yadda Muhammad bn al-Usaimin ya faxa a cikin tafsirinsa na Riyāḍ as-Saliḥīn na Al-Nawawi, ijtihadin Abu Hurairah ya kafa tushen hukunce-hukuncen Al-Nawawi na wudu.   

Bilal Philips, wani mai wa’azin Salafiyya daga kasar Kanada wanda ya shahara wajen wa’azi ga sojan Amurka dubu uku a yakin Gulf na farko bayan nasarar da kawancen Saudiyya da Amurka suka samu nasara a kansa, kuma ya lissafo ambato da dama daga Abu Hurairah a cikin aikinsa na farko mai suna Ceto ta Tuba , dangane da batutuwa daban-daban na koyarwar Musulunci, sun hada da daren lailatul kadari da sallar Juma’a.   

A halin da ake ciki, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Addini (Indonesia) da Majalisar Malamai ta Indonesiya sun fitar da wani hukunci na ka'idar tsarkakewa don kula da gawawwakin Musulmi wadanda suka mutu sakamakon kamuwa da cutar COVID-19 bisa fatawar Abu Hurairah a lokacin da suke kula da gawawwakin wadanda annobar ta shafa.Haka kuma majalisar ta yi aiki tare da ma’aikatar lafiya wajen fitar da hukunce-hukuncen hadin gwiwa na wajibcin yin allurar riga-kafin cutar sankarau (Meningitis), a bisa hukuncinsu daga Hadisin Abu Hurairah.    

Saleh Al-Fawzan memba na majalisar manyan malamai (Saudiyya) kuma kwamitin dindindin na bincike da Ifta kuma daya daga cikin manya manyan malamai ya jera mafi yawan tunaninsa dangane da fikihun fikihu bisa hadisai da Abu Hurairah ya ruwaito.

## Hadisi
Abu Hurairah an jingina shi da ruwayar akalla hadisi 5,374 Abu Hurairah ya ci gaba da tattara hadisi bayan wafatin Muhammad daga Abubakar, Umar, Aisha, Fadl ibn Abbas, Usama bn Zaid, Ubayyu bn Ka'b, da Ka'ab al-Ahbar. Abu Hurairah da kansa ya ce wanda ya fi shi a kan hadisi shi ne Abd Allah bn Amr bn al-As, wani sahabi kuma wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mawallafin Muhammad kuma marubucin “Al-Sahifah al-Sadiqah”, littafin Hadisi na farko a tarihi. Sai dai bisa shigar da kansa Abu Hurairah ya ce Abd Allah bn Amr bn al-As ya mallaki ruwayoyi da suka fi shi kansa, tun da Abd Allah ya himmatu wajen rubuta duk hadisan da ya ji, yayin da Abu Hurairah ya dogara da abin tunawa da shi na ban mamaki. 

Muhammad Sa’id Mursi ya rubuta sahabbai Muhammad da tabi’un kusan 800 wadanda suka koyi hadisi daga Abu Hurairah[. Kamar yadda aka ruwaito daga Ibn Hajar da Ad-Dhahabi, Abu Hurairah dan uwansa Sahabah da Tabi’un da suka ruwaito hadisai daga gare shi, akwai Abd Allah bn Umar bn Khattab, Ibn Abbas, Jabir bn Abd Allah, Anas bn Malik, Said bn al-Musayyib, Urwah bn Zubayr, Amr bn Rabah, Ibn Sina bn Sina, Ibn Sina, Ibn Alin, Ibn Sina, Ibn Alin, Ibn Sina, Ibn Alin, Ibn Sina, Ibn Alin, Ibn Sina, Ibn Rabah, Ibn Alin, Ibn Alin, Ibn Sina, Ibn Alin, Ibn Alin, Ibn Sina, Ibn Rabah, Ibn Sina, Ibn Sina, Ibn Ali, Ibn Ali, Ibn Ali, Ibn Ali, Ibn Sina, Ibn Sina, Ibn Rabah. al-Taymi, Hammam bn Munabbih, Hasan al-Basri, Tawus bn Kaysan, Qasim bn Muhammad bn Abi Bakr, da sauransu. 

## Riwayar Hadisan Abu Hurairah
Kamar yadda Ali Ahmad as-Salus ya ce, Abu Hurairah ya fi xan Abbas da Aisha da Abdullahi xan Umar da Abdullahi xan Masud da asnād (waqa sanada, Larabci: سَنَد, lit.‛ sarka’a).[57] Kamar yadda Zahabi ya ce, asnad mafi lafiya kuma mafi ingancin ruwaya tun daga Abu Hurairah su ne:[2].

* Abu Hurairah → Ibn Sirin → Ayyub al-Sakhtiani
* Abu Hurairah → Ibn Sirin → Abd Allah ibn Awn
* Abu Hurairah → Abdul Rahman bin Hormuz → Abdullah ibn Dhakwan
* Abu Hurairah → Said ibn al-Musayyib → Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri

Kamar yadda Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi ya ce, Ali bn al-Madini (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 849) ya dauki mafi ingancin isnadin da ya fara da Abu Hurairah a matsayin Abu Hurairah → Ibn Sirin → Ayyub al-Sakhtiani → Hammad bn Zaid[58].

Kamar yadda Ahmad Muhammad Shakir (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 1958), malamin hadisi na jami’ar Azhar ya ce, asnād mafi inganci da ya zo daga Abu Huraira su ne:[59].

* Abu Hurairah → Sa'id bn al-Musayyib → Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri → Malik bn Anas
* Abu Hurairah → Sa'id bn al-Musayyib → Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri → Ma'mar bn Rashid
* Abu Hurairah → Said ibn al-Musayyib → Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri → Sufyan ibn ʽUyaynah
* Abu Hurairah → Ibn Sirin → Ayyub al-Sakhtiani → Hammad ibn Zaid
* Abu Hurairah → Ubaidah ibn Sufyan al Hadhrami → Ismail ibn Al-Hakim
* Abu Hurairah → Hammam ibn Munabbih → Ma'mar bn Rashid

Albani ya ce a cikin littafinsa Silsalat al-Hadith ad-Da’ifah, an dauki mazhabar Abu Hurairah a matsayin jagora ga malaman hadisi don tantance ingancin hadisi [60].

## Suka
Shaykh Mahmud Abu Rayyah (d.1970), kanin Hassan al-Banna kuma marubucin littafin Aḍwa al-sunna al-Muhammadiyya (Illuminations on the Sunna of Muhammad). Daya daga cikin ayyukan da ya samar shi ne na sanya shakku kan amincin Abu Huraira.

A cewar Yasin Jibouri, malaman Shi’a da dama irin su Ja’afar al-Iskafi suna kallon Abu Huraira a matsayin karya. Haka nan Abu Rayyah, marubuci mai zaman kansa daga Masar wanda ya nakalto majiyar Shi’a ta tsakiya a cikin rahotonsa dangane da Abu Hurairah. An san wasu marubutan Shi’a da shakku a kan matsayinsa na riwaya . Kamar yadda Abdullah Saeed ya yi nuni da rubuce-rubucen da Abu Rayyah ya yi cewa, an rubuta halifa Umar xan Khaddab ya yi ta yi wa Abu Huraira barazana, wanda a lokacin ya yi nuni da shi a matsayin mai faxakarwa da kai, tare da munanan sakamako saboda yawan faxinsa na faxin Manzon Allah.

Sai dai kuma masu bincike sun gano cewa al’ummar malaman Sunna gaba daya sun dauki Abu Hurairah a matsayin amintacce da na zamani na gargajiya da na zamani, kuma suna ganin zargin gurbata hadisin da Abu Hurairah ya yi, ya fito ne daga hadisai na Shi’a kawai, wadanda ba a samu a Kutubul Sittah da sauran manyan ayyukan Hadisi ba, kamar yadda malaman zamanin da suka yarda da shi a zamanin Dhahariyyah ba ne. lokutan Musulunci saboda dalilai da dama, ciki har da saboda wadanda suke sukan Abu Hurairah da kansu ana kiransu da Mudallis (masu ruwaya na kuskure ko rashin amana) kamar yadda Jarh wa Ta'dil (nazarin tantancewar rayuwa) da Asbab wurud (nazarin Hadisi na zamani)[2]. Wanda gaba daya takwarorinsu na baya sun yi ittifaqi a kansu, wanda kuma ya kara da cewa hukunce-hukuncen Jarh wa Ta’dil suna inganta ne kawai don tantance Tabi’un ko tsararrakin da suke sama da su, alhalin al’ummar Sahabbai ba su da ‘yanci daga Jarh wa Ta’dil kuma an yarda da su ba tare da togiya ba, matukar dai an tabbatar da su kuma masu tarihi suka bayyana su da Sahabbai.  

Haka nan Safiya Aoude da Ali al-Tamimi sun yi nuni da cewa, ruwayar Umar ta tsoratar da Abu Hurairaha, wadda Abdullah Saeed ya nakalto, ita ma ta zo ne kawai daga marubuci wanda Abu Rayyah ya yi tasiri a kansa, musamman daga marubucin da ba a san sunansa ba, wanda ke da sunan alkalami "O. Hashem" wanda ya rubuta sukarsa ga Abu Hurairah a cikin littafinsa [2 Saqirah]. Da yawa daga malaman Sunna da malaman sunna kamar su Mustafa al-Siba'i, Shuaib Al Arna'ut, tare da darektan Maktabah al-Haram al-Makki ash-Shariff (Library na Babban Masallacin Makka) Abdur-Rahman al-Mu'allimee al-Yamani, sun soki madogaran da suka yi amfani da hadisin da Hashem kawai ya ruwaito. Sahih Muslim, Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, da Al-Dhahabi ma'auni na tantance tarihin rayuwa, yayin da kuma suke tambayar O. Hashim a matsayin malamai kamar yadda su O. Hashem ya kasance ne bisa ra'ayin 'yan Shi'a na son zuciya kan masu sukansa[20]. Yayin da Muhammad bn al-Usaimin ya yi watsi da irin wannan suka ga Abu Hurairah wanda ya zo daga hadisai na Shi’a kamar yadda ya ce “Tarin hadisan bata ne kawai”.   

A cewar Burhanuddin daga ma'aikatar harkokin addini ta Indonesiya, malaman da suka lura daga Siba'i, Abdul Mun'im Shalih Al-'Ali, Dhiya'urrahman Al A'Dzamy, Muhammad Abu Syahbah, Shalahuddin Maqbul Ahmad, da Abdullah ibn Abdil Aziz An-Nashir, ya gano dalilin da ya sa Abu Rayyah ya kasance a cikin tsarin rubuce-rubucen da ya dace. rubuce-rubucen Goldziher ne kawai ya rinjaye shi.   

Shi kuwa Badri Khairuman daga Jami’ar Musulunci ta Kalijaga ya yi nuni da cewa mai sukar Abu Rayyah ga Abu Hurairah yana da kurakurai a bisa manyan ka’idojin hadisai na kimiya na rayuwa da kuma zargin Abu Rayyah da dogaro da tushe guda daya na malamin Shi’a na sha biyu na 12 miladiyya Allamah Al-Hilli[66]. Bayan haka, an warware batun zargin Abu Hurairah a wajen Badri,saboda dalilan Badri ba zai yiyu ba idan Umar bai aminta da Abu Hurairah ba, alhali Umar yana nada Abu Hurairah a matsayin gwamnan Bahrayna sau biyu kuma ya ba shi amanar samar da fatawa a yankin Larabawa, yayin da a shekarun Umar na karshe, halifa ya nada Abu Hurairata a matsayin alqali a Madina. Badri ya kammala bincikensa cewa, abubuwan da Abu Rayyah ya rubuta sun zo ne daga ilimin farko da kankanin Abu Rayyah dangane da karatun Hadisin da ya dace da tsarin da ya dace[66]. A yayin da malami Abdur-Rahman al-Mu’allimim al-Yamani ya yi takaitattun maganganu cewa tantance Abu Rayyah ga Abu Hurairah ya zo ne daga mahangar son zuciya, ba ingantacciyar hanyar nazarin Hadisi ba.      

## Manazarta