Kesaveloo Goonam

**Kesaveloo Goonam**, wanda kuma aka sani da **Kesaveloo Goonaruthnum Naidoo** (1906 &#x2013; 1998) likita ce na Afirka ta Kudu kuma mai fafutukar yaki da wariyar launin fata. An kuma kira ta "Coolie Doctor", wanda ya zama taken tarihin  rayuwarta a shekarar 1991. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Kesaveloo Goonaruthnum Naidoo a titin May, Durban. Mahaifiyarta Thangatchee Naidoo 'yar ƙasar Mauritius ce, kuma an haifi mahaifinta RK Naidoo a Indiya.  Tana zuwa makarantar Tamil Sathia Gnama Sabbaiat, amma kuma ta halarci makarantar Turanci. Ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa na iyayenta suna nufin cewa ta haɗu da Mohandas K. Gandhi, Annie Besant, Strinivasa Sastri, ML Sultan da Monty Naicker da sauransu a matsayin yarinya. Ta tafi makarantar likitanci a Scotland a Jami'ar Edinburgh a ranar 8 ga watan Maris 1928, kuma ta dawo tare da digirinta zuwa Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1936 don kafa aikin likita a titin Grey.   Ita ce macen Indiya likita ta farko a Afirka ta Kudu. 

## Aiki
Da farko, ta gamu da wariyar launin fata wanda ya hana ta shiga aikin asibiti sakamakon kin karɓar umarni daga wani likitan Indiya.  Bayan haka, ta kafa aikin likita a tsakanin mata baƙar fata da Asiya a Durban, waɗanda suka koyi cewa "Dr. Goonam" zai biya buƙatun su, musamman na kiwon lafiyar haihuwa, tare da fahimta da hankali. 

Ta shiga cikin kungiyoyi irin su Welfare Child and Friends of the Sick Association (FOSA).  A cikin shekarar 1939, ta zama mataimakiyar shugabar ƙungiyar masu zaman kansu waɗanda aka kafa a Natal.  Ta kuma kasance mai aiki tare da Natal Indian Congress, kuma an zaɓe ta a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa kuma daga baya ta zama shugabar riƙo.  Ta zama memba na kwamitin The Anti Segregation Council (ASC), tare da Monty Naicker a matsayin shugaba wanda aka kafa don adawa da rabuwa na son rai a ranar 28 ga watan Afrilu 1944. 

A kan Gangamin Juriya na Motsawa na Indiya 1946 wanda ya yi adawa da Yankin Yankin Asiya da Dokar Wakilci ta Indiya, 1946, ta zama jagorar tafiya na rana ta uku na kamfen tare da Rev Michael Scott.  Ta zama ɗaya daga cikin masu sa kai da aka ɗaure a kotu, kuma a wata kotun ta ta ce, "Na amsa laifin da ake yi kuma na nemi kotu ta yanke hukuncin da ya dace da doka ta ba da izini. . . . A mamaye sansanin 'yan adawa ina zanga-zangar adawa da waccan doka ta zalunci da lalata da aka yi kwanan nan a kan jama'ata da ba su da hannu wajen tsara ta. Dokar ta haifar da bala'i, rugujewa da kuma bayar da gudunmawa ga jama'ar Kudu don ciyar da kasarmu gaba ɗaya. Afirka ana tunatar da mu akai-akai, ita ce ƙasa mai mulkin demokraɗiyya.... Ina nan don tabbatar da wannan fassarar dimokuraɗiyya".  A ranar 29 ga watan Yunin 1946, an yanke wa Dr. Goonam hukuncin watanni shida tare da yin aiki mai tsanani na kwanaki bakwai, baya ga aikin wahala na kwanaki bakwai da aka dakatar har na tsawon watanni uku wanda aka yanke mata hukuncin a ƙarƙashin dokar zaman taro na Riotous a ranar 25 ga watan Yuni 1946. Sai dai bayan watanni huɗu an dakatar da hukuncin.  An ɗaure Goonam sau 17 a gidan yari saboda ayyukanta na siyasa.  A cikin shekarun 1950, ta taimaki mataimakiyar ministar kiwon lafiya ta Indiya da Sushila Nayyar don kula da shirye-shiryen tsarin iyali a matsayin kwamitin gwamnati a New Delhi. 

Ayyukanta na siyasa sun ci gaba, ciki har da tarurrukan  da ke cikin ofisoshin likitancinta a shekarar 1961 tare da Theo Kloppenberg, Eleanor Kasrils, Poomoney Moodley.  Ta bar Afirka ta Kudu zuwa Ingila a shekarar 1978 don guje wa tsangwama daga jami'in tsaro don kare lafiyarta. Kafin ta tafi, ta kafa Taimakawa Hand Society don taimakawa dangi wanda aka jefar daga Clairwood da Cato Manor zuwa Chatsworth. Ta ci gaba da aikin likitanci ga 'yan gudun hijirar Indiya daga Uganda da Kenya, kafin ta koma Australia da Zimbabwe.   Ta koma Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1990, bayan an sako Nelson Mandela daga gidan yari. Ta kaɗa kuri'a a zaɓen Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1994.  Har ila yau, a cikin shekarar 1994, ta yi kira da a rushe Natal Indian Congress, tana mai cewa "yanzu ne lokacin da ya kamata." 

Ta buga tarihin rayuwarta, *Coolie Doctor*, a cikin shekarar 1991. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri da martaba
Ta haifi 'ya'ya uku kuma ta zama uwa ɗaya.  Kesaveloo Goonam ya mutu a ranar 21 ga watan Satumba 1998, yana da shekara 92. 

Wani titi a cikin Babban Kasuwancin Durban, *Dr Goonam Street*, an sake masa suna a cikin shekarar 2008. 

A ranar 1 ga watan Yuli 2016, Ƙungiyar tsofaffin ɗalibai na Kwalejin Sastri ta gudanar da wani abin tunawa mai ban mamaki na Yakin Neman Juriya na shekarar 1946 da dasa bishiya don girmama ta a Resistance Park a Durban. 

A cikin shekarar 2019, Jami'ar Edinburgh School of Social and Political Sciences ta zaɓi sunan sabon ginin PhD da aka ƙirƙira bayan Dr Goonam a Dandalin George. 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Tattaunawar tarihin baki tare da Goonam, wanda aka gudanar a Durban a shekara ta 1954, daga Tarihin Masu Gwagwarmayar Afirka
* tarin takardun jarida  An adana   game da K. Goonam, gami da obituaries