Solomon Mahlangu

**Solomon Kalushi Mahlangu** (10 Yuli 1956 - 6 Afrilu 1979) ɗan gwagwarmayar 'yanci ne na Afirka ta Kudu, mai fafutuka kuma mai fafutukar fafutuka na jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC), uMkhonto weSizwe (MK). An kama shi da laifin kisan mutane biyu tare da rataye shi a shekarar 1979.

## Shekarun farko
An haifi Mahlangu a ranar 10 ga Yuli, 1956. Ko da yake sau da yawa ana cewa an haife shi a Pretoria, daga baya mai magana da yawun dangin Mahlangu ya gyara mahaifarsa zuwa Doornkop a Mpumalanga . 

Mahlangu ita ce ta biyu a cikin yara shida. Mahaifiyarsa, Martha Mahlangu ce ta rene shi da farko, wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar gida, saboda mahaifinsa ya yi watsi da dangi a cikin 1962. 

Mahlangu ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Mamelodi har zuwa Standard 9.   Ya kasance a Matsayi na 8 a lokacin 1976 Soweto boren zanga -zangar da dalibai suka jagoranta na adawa da Ilimin Bantu . An rufe makarantarsa sakamakon tarzoma da ake yi. 

## Horon soja
A cikin 1976 Mahlangu ya tashi zuwa Mozambique kuma ya shafe watanni shida a sansanin 'yan gudun hijira kusa da Xai Xai . Daga nan ne aka kai shi sansanin horas da 'yan majalissar dokokin Afirka da ake kira "Engineering" a Angola . Ya kasance cikin rukunin masu horar da MK da ake kira "Detachment 16 ga Yuni" saboda shigar da suka yi a zanga-zangar daliban 1976. 

Mahlangu ya shiga rukunin mutane goma a sansanin Funda wadanda suka sami horo kan aikin zagon kasa, yaki da sojoji, leken asiri da siyasa. 

## Kama
Bayan kwashe watanni ana horar da sojoji, sashin Mahlangu ya yi tattaki zuwa Eswatini, inda aka ba su akwatunan karya da ke kunshe da kasidu na ANC, da bindigogi, da alburusai da kuma abubuwan fashewa. A ranar 11 ga watan Yunin 1977 Mahlangu da sauran masu horarwa George 'Lucky' Mahlangu da Mondy Motaung (wani lokaci "Motloung") sun kafa wata karamar tantanin halitta wadda ta ketara kan iyaka zuwa Afirka ta Kudu kuma suka fara tafiya zuwa Johannesburg da nufin shiga zanga-zangar tunawa da tashin 16 ga Yuni.  

A ranar 13 ga watan Yunin 1977, mutanen uku, kowannensu yana dauke da babbar akwati, suna cikin tashar tasi a tsakiyar birnin Johannesburg a kan hanyarsu ta zuwa Soweto, sai wani dan sanda ya kama shi ya kama daya daga cikin akwatunan. Bindigar AK-47 da kuma gurneti ya fado. Dukkan mutanen uku sun yi yunkurin tserewa daga yankin tare da tserewa 'yan sandan. Mahlangu da Motaung a cikin rashin sani sun gudu zuwa ofishin 'yan sanda da ke dandalin John Vorster. An harbe Mahlangu a idon sawun kuma ma'auratan sun gudu zuwa wani kantin sayar da kayayyaki da ke kusa. A cikin rudanin da ya biyo baya, Motaung ya bindige ma'aikatan gidan ajiyar guda biyu, Rupert Kessner da Kenneth Wolfendale, tare da raunata wasu mutane biyu. An kama Mahlangu da Motaung yayin da George 'Lucky' Mahlangu ya kaucewa kama shi.  

## Gwaji da hukunci
An fara shari'ar Mahlangu a Kotun Koli a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba 1977. Tawagar tsaronsa sun hada da Ismail Mohamed, SC, Clifford Mailer da Priscilla Jana . Mahlangu ya fuskanci tuhume-tuhume biyu na kisan kai, da laifuka biyu na yunkurin kisan kai da kuma laifuka daban-daban na yin zagon kasa a karkashin dokar ta’addanci ta 1967.

Duk da cewa Mahlangu bai yi harbin da ya kashe fararen hula biyu ba, amma kotun ta gano cewa Mahlangu da Motaung sun yi aiki da wata manufa daya don haka babu komi a cikin su biyun da suka yi harbi da kuma kashe su. An yanke wa Mahlangu hukunci bisa dukkan tuhume-tuhume, yayin da Motaung ya sha da kyar a hannun ‘yan sanda a lokacin da ake tsare da shi, har ya samu rauni a kwakwalwar sa, kuma aka bayyana shi bai cancanci a gurfanar da shi a gaban kotu ba.  

Dangane da dokar Afirka ta Kudu a wancan lokacin, kotun ta zama tilas ta yanke hukuncin kisa ga wanda aka samu da laifin kisan kai, sai dai idan wanda ake tuhuma ya tabbatar da wani hukunci. Kotun ta gano cewa Mahlangu ya gaza yin hakan, don haka ta yanke hukuncin kisa . Kotun ta ki amincewa Mahlangu ya daukaka kara. Daga nan sai lauyoyinsa suka nemi kotun daukaka kara da ta ba su izinin daukaka kara kuma hakan ma ya ki.

An rataye Mahlangu a ranar 6 ga Afrilu 1979.  Priscilla Jana ita ce ta ƙarshe a cikin magoya bayansa da suka gan shi kafin a kashe shi kuma ya bayyana sakonsa na ƙarshe: "Ku gaya wa mutanena cewa ina son su, dole ne su ci gaba da yakin. jinina zai ciyar da bishiyar da za ta ba da 'ya'yan 'yanci."    Yana daya daga cikin mutane 133 da gwamnati ta kashe a wannan shekarar. 

Tare da Allah wadai da ba a taba ganin  na gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu na lokacin da kuma dakatar da zanga-zangar a jana'izar sa, 'yan sanda sun binne Mahlangu a Atteridgeville . A cikin 1993, an sake dawo da gawarsa a makabartar Mamelodi tare da rubutu mai ɗauke da kalmominsa na ƙarshe. 

## Kwamitin Gaskiya da sulhu
Hukumar tabbatar da gaskiya da sasantawa bayan wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu ta yi nazari kan shari'ar Solomon Mahlangu da Monty Motaung inda ta gano cewa mutanen biyu ne ke da alhakin mutuwar Rupert Kessner da Kenneth Wolfendale. An kuma samu Mahlangu da Motaung da laifin take hakkin dan adam. A karshe ta samu duka jam'iyyar African National Congress da kuma kwamandan kungiyar uMkhonto weSizwe da laifin take hakkin dan adam.  

Mahaifiyar Mahlangu ta shaida a gaban kwamitin gaskiya da sasantawa da cewa ba ta da masaniya kan sha’awar danta a siyasance, kuma ba a sanar da ita shawarar da ya yanke na barin kasar zuwa horon soja ba, sai dai kawai ta samu sakon cewa kada ta nemi danta.  Daga baya ta ziyarce shi a tsare a dandalin John Vorster.  Bayanansa na karshe gareta shine:Mama nagode da karfin da kika zo min ba kuka. Amma inda jinina zai zubo, Sulemanu da yawa za su yi girma domin ba ni da laifi.

## Gado

Ana tunawa da Solomon Mahlangu a Dandalin 'Yancin Solomon Mahlangu da ke garinsu na Mamelodi, Pretoria. Dandalin yana da wata gumaka ta tagulla wadda ke nuna Mahlangu sanye da kayan yaki na MK, tare da zane-zanen yara da ke bayyana “'ya'yan 'yanci”.

A birnin Durban, an canza sunan wata babbar hanya mai suna 'Edwin Swales VC Drive', wanda aka radawa suna bayan wani kwamandan jirgin yakin RAF da ya mutu a shekarar 1945. Bayan wasu shawarwari daga karamar hukumar eThekwini, an sauya sunan hanyar don girmama Mahlangu.

Wata babbar hanya a Pretoria da ke ratsa cikin garin Solomon Mahlangu na Mamelodi an sauya sunanta daga Hans Strijdom Drive zuwa Solomon Mahlangu Drive.

A shekarar 2016, babban ginin gudanarwa a Jami’ar Witwatersrand, wanda a da ake kira Senate House, an sake masa suna zuwa Solomon Mahlangu House.

A fim din *Kalushi* na shekarar 2016, an nuna rayuwa da tarihin Mahlangu, inda Thabo Rametsi ya taka rawar Solomon.

A Tanzania, daya daga cikin manyan jami'o’i, Sokoine University of Agriculture da ke yankin gabas na Morogoro, ana kiranta da Solomon Mahlangu Campus.

A lokacin zanga-zangar #FeesMustFall, “Solomon” ta kasance daya daga cikin wakokin da daliban masu zanga-zanga ke rera a manyan jami'o'i a fadin kasar. Wannan yana nuni ne da rawar da Mahlangu ya taka a gwagwarmayar kawar da wariyar launin fata a matsayin matashi, gado da kuma tasirinsa ga matasan yau.

A shekarar 2019, Jami’ar Nelson Mandela da ke Port Elizabeth ta rada sunan daya daga cikin dakunan kwanan dalibanta da sunansa.

A shekarar 2022, Jami’ar Rhodes da ke Makhanda ta sauya sunan “Jan Smuts Hall”, mafi girman dakin kwana a harabar jami’ar, zuwa Solomon Kalushi Mahlangu Hall. A lokaci guda, sun kuma sauya sunan wani dakin kwana na biyu, wato Hilltop Hall, zuwa Hugh Masekela Hall don girmama mawakin kasar Afirka ta Kudu.

Rundunar sojojin Transvaal Scottish Regiment ta sauya suna zuwa Solomon Mahlangu Regiment.

## Manazarta