Madeleine de Verchères

**Marie-Madeleine Jarret**, wanda aka fi sani da **Madeleine de Verchères**  ; 3 Maris 1678&nbsp;– 8 ga Agusta 1747) mace ce 'yar asalin New France (Kanada ta zamani) wacce aka yaba da ta hana wani hari a Fort Verchères lokacin tana da shekaru 14.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Marie-Madeleine Jarret de Verchères a ranar 3 ga Maris, 1678 a matsugunin Vercheres da ke gefen kogi a Quebec a New France . Ita ce ta huɗu cikin 'ya'ya goma sha biyu a gidan Francois Jarret de Vercheres da Marie Perrot. 

Mahaifinta ya fito ne daga yankin Isere a Faransa kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin tuta a rundunar Carignan-Salieres . Ya auri Marie Perrot a Ile d'Orleans a shekarar 1669. A shekarar 1672, ya sami tallafin fili a bakin kogin Saint Lawrence kuma ya gina shi a matsayin ƙaramin matsugunin noma inda iyalinsa da iyalan haya da dama ke zaune da aiki. Saboda hare-haren da ƙungiyoyin Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) ke kai wa a bakin kogin abin damuwa ne a koyaushe, ya gina gida mai ƙarfi a kan kadarar. 

An yi wa Verchères baftisma a ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1678 a cocin Saint-Pierre da ke Sorel, Quebec . Iyayenta su ne Jean Bonnet dit La Chambre da Marie Mullois, matar Pierre de Saint-Ours. 

## Fort Verchères
Rayuwa ta yau da kullun ta haɗa da aikin gona na yau da kullun tare da haɗarin tashin hankali kwatsam. Matsugunin da Verchères ya girma yana kan hanya tsakanin Kogin Saint Lawrence da Kogin Richelieu, inda ƙungiyoyin mahara na Haudenosaunee kan yi tafiya a hankali a gefen teku ko kuma ta cikin daji. Iyalai suna rayuwa da wannan a zuciya: ana kawo kayan aiki kafin faɗuwar rana, dabbobi suna kusa da dare, kuma kogin yana lura da kwale-kwalen da ba a saba gani ba.   

Mahaifinta ne ya gina ƙaramin sansanin soja da iyalin ke zaune jim kaɗan bayan ya sami tallafin filaye a bakin kogin Saint Lawrence.  Ya tsaya a gefen kudu na kogin kusa da Richelieu a yankin da ake yawan fuskantar rikici a ƙarshen ƙarni na sha bakwai. Kamar sauran sansanonin tsaro na sirri a New France, ya zama mafaka ga iyalan Jarret da iyalansu masu haya da kuma wurin kare dabbobi da kayayyaki yayin hare-hare.

Bayanin makamantan sansanonin seigneurial ya nuna cewa Fort Verchères wani katafaren gini ne mai kusurwa huɗu da aka yi da katako masu tsayi kimanin mita 4 zuwa 5 (ƙafa 13 zuwa 16), tare da ƙananan shingen katako a kusurwoyin.  Ba shi da rami kuma ƙofa ɗaya ce kawai, wadda ke fuskantar kogin. A ciki akwai gidan iyali, ƙaramin shinge da ake amfani da shi azaman gidan tsaro da wurin adana foda, da kuma mafaka mai sauƙi ga mutane da dabbobi. An ɗora bindigogi masu sauƙi ɗaya ko biyu, wataƙila bindigogi masu juyawa ko ƙananan guntun filin, galibi don yin sigina.

An tsara waɗannan ƙananan sansani ne don jure wa hare-hare na ɗan lokaci maimakon dogon hari. Tsawonsu da sararin da aka rufe sun ba wa ƙananan masu kare damar jinkirta harin har sai an sami taimako. Ana sa ran iyalai a yankin da ke kewaye za su koma sansanin a lokacin ƙararrawa, su kawo dabbobi ciki, su taimaka wajen kula da ƙofar. Irin waɗannan ayyukan sun kasance wani ɓangare na tarbiyyar Verchères. 

## Dakatar da harin bazata
A safiyar ranar 22 ga Oktoba, 1692, iyayen Vercheres suka bar sansanin don kasuwanci da kuma tattara kayan hunturu. Yawancin sojojin da aka ajiye a sansanin suma sun yi tafiya; sun fita tare da wasu mazauna yankin don yin aiki a gonaki kusa da fadar. Vercheres mai shekaru goma sha huɗu da 'yan uwanta sun tsaya a wurin. 

A cewar labarinta na 1699, Vercheres tana cikin lambun kabeji, kimanin matakai 200 daga sansanin, lokacin da wasu gungun Haudenosaunee suka faɗo kan mazauna.  Sojoji da mazauna sun yi mamaki, kuma an kama wasu da yawa nan take.  Vercheres, wacce take kusa da gidan sarauta, ta fara gudu da zarar ta ga harin.  Wani mai bin ta ya kama ta da mayafinta, wanda ta zame daga hannunta kafin ta isa ƙofar.   Ta gudu ciki tana ihu "Aux armes, aux armes," ma'ana "zuwa makamai," tana sanar da ƙaramin rukunin mata, yara, da tsofaffi maza waɗanda suka rage a cikin gidan sarauta . 

Ta gudu zuwa sansanin sojojin, ta ɗauki bindiga, ta kuma roƙi sauran mutanen da ke sansanin da su yi hayaniya gwargwadon iyawarsu don shawo kan maharan cewa sansanin yana da cikakken sansanin sojoji. [1] Daga nan sai Vercheres ya harba bindiga don ya yi gargaɗi ga ƙauyukan da ke kusa game da wani hari da kuma kiran ƙarin sojoji. Haudenosaunee, waɗanda suka yi fatan kwace sansanin da sauri, suka koma cikin daji tare da fursunoninsu. [1]

A lokacin da ake fafatawa, Vercheres ta ga kwale-kwale yana zuwa tare da wani iyali mai suna Fontaine. Lokacin da mutanen da suka firgita a cikin sansanin suka ƙi zuwa saukar jiragen ruwa, sai ta gudu zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa da kanta ta shigo da iyalin cikin aminci, tana yin kamar tana cikin wani babban taron ƙarfafa gwiwa. 

## Manazarta