Kabari na Greenwood (Tallahassee, Florida)

Kabarin Greenwood (a shekara ta 1937) wani kabari ne na Afirka na tarihi a Tallahassee, Florida, Amurka. Tana cikin Leon County a kan Old Bainbridge Road, wanda shine asalin babbar hanyar daga Tallahassee zuwa arewa maso yamma. An kirkiro Greenwood ne bayan an rufe makabarta na birni don binnewa 'yan Afirka na Amurka, yana mai da shi ɗaya daga cikin makabarta ta farko a cikin birni da aka kafa kawai don al'ummar Afirka ta Amirka. Kabarin yana nuna tarihin wariyar launin fata, da kuma juriya na shugabannin yankin da suka kafa shi. A shekara ta 2003, an kara Greenwood a cikin US National Register of Historic Places saboda muhimmancin al'adu da tarihi. Kabarin yana da jana'iza sama da 1,000, gami da sanannun shugabannin al'umma da 'yan wasa.

## Tarihi

### Kafawa
An kafa Kabari na Greenwood a cikin 1937, bayan rufewar Birnin Tallahassee na sassan Afirka na makabarta na jama'a, kamar Oakland da Old City. Kabari na Evergreen, wuri na farko na binnewar Afirka ta Amirka, an kafa shi ne kafin Kabari na Greenwood a 1936.  Koyaya, ya sami adawa mai ƙarfi daga al'ummar Afirka ta Amirka, waɗanda suka yi jayayya cewa shafin bai dace ba. A mayar da martani, shugabannin yankin sun shirya Kamfanin Kabari na Greenwood a ranar 19 ga Maris, 1937, kuma sun sayi kadada goma na ƙasa a kan Old Bainbridge Road daga Erma Jenkins, ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa. An ba da izinin 'yan Afirka na Afirka su shiga ƙungiyar idan suna da "kyakkyawan hali" kuma sun wuce shekaru ashirin da ɗaya. An yi jana'izar farko ba da daɗewa ba, kuma an gina tituna da hanyoyi a hukumance a shekarar 1942. Greenwood daga baya ya fadada a cikin 1950, 1954, da 1964, wanda ya kawo makabarta zuwa sama da kadada goma sha shida, kodayake kimanin kadada goma ya wakilci tarihinta.

### Rashin kulawa da raguwa
Tun lokacin da aka kirkireshi, Kabari na Greenwood ya dogara da iyalai don kula da wasu mãkirci. A tsawon lokaci, zuriya da yawa ko dai sun tafi ko sun mutu, suna barin manyan sassan makabarta da suka cika kuma ba a kula da su ba. A fadin makabarta, alamun katako sun lalace, kaburbura sun ragu, kuma ciyayi sun rufe wuraren binnewa da yawa.   Bugu da ƙari, adana rikodin ya kasance ba daidai ba, don haka sau da yawa ana rasa cikakkun bayanai game da mallakar. A farkon shekarun 1980s, yawancin Greenwood sun bayyana an yi watsi da su kuma an watsar da su, kuma duk da cewa binnewar ta ci gaba.

### Rubuce-rubucen Tarihi na Kasa
A shekara ta 2003, an kara makabartar Greenwood a cikin US National Register of Historic Places .  An san Kabarin Greenwood saboda al'adun Afirka ta Amirka, tarihin zamantakewa, da fasahar gargajiya. Alamun kankare da aka yi da hannu a makabartar da al'adun binne al'adu sune muhimman maganganu na asalin al'umma.

## Tsaro da sabuntawa

### 1985-1987 kokarin tsaftacewa
Damuwa game da yanayin Greenwood ya haifar da kafa Gidauniyar Greenwood a shekarar 1985.  Kungiyar ta shirya masu sa kai kuma ta tara kuɗi don ayyukan ciyawa. Yin aiki tare da Hukumar Kula da Tarihi ta Tallahassee, an horar da masu sa kai wajen binciken kaburbura da sauran hanyoyin adanawa. A watan Mayu 1987, kusan masu sa kai 200 sun shiga cikin babban tsaftacewa, share ciyayi da kuma maido da bayyanar makabarta. An gudanar da ƙarin abubuwan tsaftace al'umma a wannan lokacin rani, maido da Kabari na Greenwood zuwa yanayin aminci da kiyayewa.

### Kula da birni
A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1987, birnin Tallahassee ya amince da ɗaukar alhakin titunan Greenwood da tsarin magudanar ruwa, yayin da shimfidar wuri zai kasance alhakin kungiyoyin yankin. A watan Oktoba na wannan shekarar, an sake keɓe makabartar a cikin wani bikin da jami'an birni da gundumar suka halarta, da kuma masu sa kai na al'umma.

### Karramawa daga baya
Bayan sake keɓewa na Kabari na Greenwood, Gidan Tarihi na John G. Riley da Cibiyar Tarihin Afirka na Amurka sun goyi bayan adana Greenwood. A shekara ta 1997, gidan kayan gargajiya ya dauki bakuncin bikin cika shekaru goma na maido da Greenwood. Al'umma ta yi bikin, kuma a shekara ta 2003, an amince da makabarta a cikin National Register of Historic Places . 

## Muhimmancin al'adu da al'umma

### Fasahar gargajiya ta Afirka da al'adun binnewa
Kabarin Greenwood ya ƙunshi fiye da 1,000 kaburbura da aka yi alama da nau'ikan kaburbura.[1] Da yawa alamun kasuwanci ne da aka yi da marmara ko dutse, gami da allunan da gwamnati ta bayar ga tsoffin sojoji, amma adadi mai yawa alamun kankare ne da aka kirkira da masu sana'a na gida.[2][1] Sau da yawa ana sassaƙa rubutun hannu ko hatimi a cikin siminti mai laushi, kuma wasu alamomi sun haɗa da tukwane, madubai, ko wuraren da aka fentin.[2][1] An yi amfani da siffofi iri-iri, kamar gicciye, siffofin "T", triangular, da duwatsu masu kaifi.[1] Wadannan kayayyaki suna nuna al'adun gargajiya na Afirka da ayyukan alama, gami da jigogi kamar ruwa, tunani, da rayuwar har abada.[2] Shuka bishiyoyi daban-daban, kamar al'ul da crepe myrtle, suna wakiltar al'adun tunawa da ci gaba.[2]￼

### Abubuwan da aka sani da binnewa
An binne mutane da yawa masu muhimmanci ga jihar da al'ummar yankin a Kabari na Greenwood. Wadannan sun hada da Maxwell Courtney, Ba'amurke na farko da ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Jihar Florida; Willie Galimore, ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Chicago Bears; James M. Abner, ka'idar Lincoln High School; da kuma T.M. McKinnis, mai mallakar Red Bird Café . 

## Manazarta