open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ibrahim (fim, 1993)

***[[Ibrahim]]*** fim ne na talabijin na 1993 wanda ya danganta da rayuwar uban Littafi Mai-Tsarki Ibrahim wanda Five Mile River Films ta samar. An harbe shi a Ouarzazate, Morocco . Joseph Sargent ne ya ba da umarni, taurari Richard Harris (a matsayin Ibrahim), Barbara Hershey (a matsayin Sara), Maximilian Schell (a matsayin Fir'auna), da Vittorio Gassman (Terach).

## Labarin fim
Abram yana zaune a Harran, wani birni mai arziki. Matarsa Saraya (Barbara Hershey) ba ta da yara, kuma magajin su kawai shine Eliezer na Damascus. Wata rana ya ji muryar Allah, wanda ya ce dole ne ya bar Harran ya yi tafiya zuwa ƙasar da ba a sani ba. Allah ya yi alkawarin yin babban al'umma daga gare shi kuma ya sake masa suna Ibrahim da matarsa Sarai a matsayin Saratu. Tsarin makircin shine Farawa surori 11-25.

## Ƴan Wasai

* Richard Harris a matsayin Ibrahim
* Barbara Hershey a matsayin Saratu
* Maximilian Schell a matsayin Fir'auna
* Vittorio Gassman a matsayin Terah
* Carolina Rosi a matsayin Hagar
* Andrea Prodan a matsayin LotRuwa Mai yawa
* Gottfried John a matsayin Eliezer
* Kevin McNally a matsayin Nahor, ɗan Terah
* Simona Ferraro Chartoff a matsayin Matar Lutu
* Aziz Khaldoun a matsayin matashi Serug
* Tom Radcliffe a matsayin Serug mai girma
* Jude Alderson a matsayin Mikah
* Evelina Meghangi a matsayin Reumah
* Danny Mertsoy a matsayin Ishmael (shekara 9) 
* Giuseppe Peluso a matsayin Ishma'el (shekara 16) 
* Timur Yusef a matsayin Ishaku (shekara 5) 
* Taylor Scipio a matsayin Ishaku (shekara 11) 

## Manazarta

* [''TV REVIEW ya nuna Ibrahim a kan TNT-Gritty amma daukaka kara.''](https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/59341650.html?dids=59341650:59341650&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Apr+02%2C+1994&author=RAY+LOYND&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=TV+REVIEW+%60Abraham'+on+TNT-Gritty+but+Appealing&pqatl=google) Los Angeles Times, Afrilu 2, 1994
* ''TV Weekend; Babbar Ikklisiya ta Littafi Mai-Tsarki don Lokaci na Bauta.'' Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a wannan talifin a dandalin www.jw.org

## Hanyoyin Haɗin waje

* 
* Ibrahim, sashi na 1
* Ibrahim, sashi na 2
Dorothy A. Atabong

**Dorothy A. Atabong** 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Kanada, marubuciya kuma furodusa.  fi saninta da Sound of Tears    wanda ta lashe kyaututtuka daban-daban ciki har da Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka a shekarar 2015.

## Ayyuka
Atabong ya sami kyakkyawan bita don wasan kwaikwayo irin su Wedding Band, The Africa Trilogy  ta gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Volcano, wani ɓangare na Luminato Arts Festival da Stratford Festival, Kamfanin Canadian Stage Company da Studio 180 samar da The Overwhelming. 

A ta wallafa wani labari na soyayya, The Princess of Kaya, a cikin 2002, wanda daga baya ta daidaita shi cikin rubutun allo.  tsawon fasalinsa, Daisy's Heart, ya lashe kyautar Mafi Kyawun Kudin Kasafin Kudi a bikin fina-finai na Mata na 2011 a Toronto. Ta kuma rubuta, ta samar kuma ta fito a cikin Sound of Tears, wani ɗan gajeren fim wanda aka fara a bikin fina-finai na duniya na Montreal . Fim din  lashe lambar yabo ta 2015 ta Afirka Movie Academy Award for Best Diaspora Short kuma ya sami Platinum Remi a 48th WorldFest Houston Film Festival.

Bayyanar talabijin sun haɗa da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin masu cin nasara Mayday, Ocean Landing (African Hijack) don Discovery Channel; Degrassi: The Next Generation da The Line for The Movie Network . Atabong ya kuma fito a Glo, wani ɓangare na The Africa Trilogy  wanda Josette Bushell-Mingo ya jagoranta, kuma ya jagoranci simintin 11 a matsayin Julia a cikin shahararren wasan Wedding Band na Alice Childress.  Sauran matsayi sun haɗa  The Studio 180 da Canadian Stage Company samar da The Overwhelming ta J. T. Rogers, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na Theatre Awakening na In Darfur a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo Passe Muraille don SummerWorks, wanda ta lashe lambar yabo ta Emerging Artist.

## Na Mutum
Atabong ya yi aure a shekara ta 2008 kuma yana da 'ya'ya maza biyu, an haifi daya a shekara ta 2011 ɗayan kuma a shekara ta 2015. A cikin 2013 Atabong ta bayyana a cikin shirin CBC Radio *Metro Morning* tare da Matt Galloway don tattauna matsalar tashin hankali na iyali akan mata, da fim dinta Sound Of Tears don Ranar Tunawa da Aiki kan tashin hankali akan mata a ranar 6 ga Disamba, 2013. 

## Fim da gidan wasan kwaikwayo

### Fim din

### Talabijin

### Gidan wasan kwaikwayo

## Kyaututtuka

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Shafin yanar gizon hukuma
*
Yaren Aiton

The **Aiton language** or **Tai Aiton language** is spoken in Assam, India, in the Dhonsiri Valley and the south bank of the Brahmaputra.  It is currently classified as a threatened language, with fewer than 2,000 speakers worldwide.  Its other names include **Aitonia** and **Sham Doaniya**.

## Rabewa
Harshen Aiton wani yanki ne na reshen kudu maso yamma na dangin harsunan Tai . Yana da alaƙa ta kud da kud da, kuma wani lokacin ana ɗaukar yare na, Shan . Akwai wasu harsuna uku da ake magana sosai na wannan reshe a cikin Assam: Khamti, Phake, da Khamyang .

## Tarihi
Harsunan Tai a cikin Assam suna raba kamanceceniya na nahawu da yawa, tsarin rubutu, da yawancin kalmominsu.  Babban bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin harsunan shine tsarin tonal nasu. 

Bisa bayanan baka da rubuce-rubuce na mutanen Aiton, sun samo asali ne daga wani wuri mai suna Khao-Khao Mao-Lung, jihar Burma kusa da kan iyakar kasar Sin.  An yi imanin cewa sun zo Indiya kimanin shekaru biyu ko uku da suka wuce, don neman mafaka daga zalunci.  Duk da tsawon lokacin da suka yi a Assam, da yawa daga cikin tsofaffi ba sa iya yaren Assamese, harshen hukuma na jihar. 

## Rarraba Geographic
Aiton galibi ana magana ne a Indiya, a jihar Assam da ke arewa maso gabashin kasar.

A cewar Morey (2005), Aiton ana magana a cikin ƙauyuka masu zuwa:

Buragohain (1998) ya ba da rahoton jimillar gidaje 260 na Aiton, wanda ya ƙunshi jimillar yawan jama'a 2,155.

## Fassarar sauti

### Baƙaƙe na farko
Roseline Fonkwa

**Roseline Fonkwa- Moundjongui** An haife ta a watan Agusta, shekara ta 1975) ita ce mai shirya fina-finai ta Kamaru kuma mace ce mai kasuwanci wacce ke da kayan aikin 3R.  A cikin 2017, an san ta da aikinta a matsayin furodusa a cikin fim din Breach of Trust A cikin 2015, ta lashe lambar yabo ta Kamaru Career Women Awards (2015) a cikin kasuwanci da kuma lambar yabo ta Saker Baptist College da aka tsara don tsoffin ɗalibai a cikin ƙwarewarsu, Fonkwa ta ci nasara har yanzu a Kasuwanci.

## Hotunan da aka zaɓa
Rashin amincewa (2017) Tare da Epule Jeffrey

## 2017

* *[[Breach of Trust (fim na 2017)|Rashin amincewa]]* tare da Epule Jeffrey

## Kyaututtuka da karbuwa

## Duba kuma

* Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Kamaru
* Fim na Kamaru

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Roseline Fonkwaa kanFacebook
Achille Brice

**Achille Brice** (an haife shi Assoua Achille Brice Eteki a cikin 1984) ɗan fim ɗan Kamaru ne, furodusa kuma darektan fina-finai.  An san aikinsa a *[[Life Point]]* a cikin fina-finai 20 cikin 1,000 da aka gabatar don yin takara a l'Étalon d'or de Yennenga a bikin fina-finai na Pan African a Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.  A cikin shekarar 2011, ya sami naɗi uku a matsayin mafi kyawun mai shirya fina-finai a Kamaru a Zulu African Film Academy Awards for *[[Obsession (2011 film)|Obsession]]*, fim ɗin Ingilishi na Kamaru na farko da aka zaɓa a cikin bikin Fim na Ecrans Noirs na Ecrans D'Afrique Central, Prix Charles Mensa a CRNS. Noir Film Festival..   Shi ne wanda ya kafa BinAm Studios, wani dandalin buɗe ido ga masu shirya fina-finai don rabawa da kuma tallata hajarsu.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Achille a matsayin Assoua Achille Brice Eteki a ranar 9 ga watan Afrilu, 1984, a Buea. A cewar wani wallafe-wallafen a shafin yanar gizon Music in Africa, ya yi makarantar firamare da sakandare a Buea da sakandare a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Jami'ar Kudu maso Yamma (Cameroon). Kafin aikinsa na fim, ya yi waka na tsawon shekaru biyar a matsayin mai yin rikodi da waka. Kundin sa na farko an yi masa laƙabi da *Hood Classics*. An lura da shi a matsayin editan fim a shekarar 2003 a cikin fim ɗin Luxury.  A cikin shekarar 2007, bayan kammala karatunsa daga UCT, an shigar da shi zuwa wani kwas ɗin gyara da jagoranci tare da Hotunan Farawa a Buea.

## Sana'a
Ayyukansa na ƙwararru ya fara ne a cikin 2006 tare da fina-finai biyu da aka zaɓa a bikin Verdant Hills Minifilms Festival. An zaɓi Farashin Ancestry a gajerun fina-finai (2007/2008), Duniyar Mace (2008/2009) da sauransu. A shekara ta 2008, ya wakilci Kamaru a bikin fina-finai na ƙasa da ƙasa na Durban a Afirka ta Kudu. Ya shiga cikin harabar baiwa ta Berlinale da kuma Durban Talent Campus a cikin shekarar 2009. Shi ne ma'abucin BinAm Studios.

## Zaɓaɓɓun Filmography

* Obsession
* The Ancestry Price
* Luxury (2003)
* Leader Gangsters (2005)
* A Man For The Weekend (2017)
* Life Point (2017)

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa

## Duba kuma

* Jerin 'Yan wasan Kamaru
* Cinema na Kamaru

## Manazarta
Harshen Akpes

**Akpes** ( **Àbèsàbèsì** ) harshe ne na Najeriya da ke cikin haɗari . Kimanin masu magana 7,000 ne ke magana  a Arewacin Jihar Ondo . Harshen yana kewaye da wasu harsuna da dama na yankin Akoko, inda harshen Yarbanci shine harshen yare. Yarabawa suna maye gurbin Akpes a cikin ƙarin wuraren da ba na yau da kullun ba don haka suna tura motsi a hankali daga Akpes zuwa Yarabanci . Akpes gabaɗaya ana danganta shi da reshen Volta-Congo na phylum Niger-Congo .

## Suna
An fi kiran yaren da 'Akpes' a cikin adabi. Da yake wannan kalmar a haƙiƙanin sunan ɗaya ne daga cikin yarukan huɗu, ba ta da goyon bayan duk al'ummar masu magana. Taron wakilan dukkanin matsugunai tara ya kirkiro kalmar 'Abesabesi' don nuna harshen. Maimaita kalmar *àbès* ce ma'ana 'mu'. 

## Rarraba da iri

## Alakar kwayoyin halitta
Yayin da yawancin masana ke danganta Abesabesi a wani wuri a cikin reshen Volta-Nijar na Niger-Congo, ana jayayya da ainihin matsayinsa a wannan reshe. Wasu sun yi iƙirarin cewa ta samar da wani reshe na daban kuma wasu sun yi da'awar kusanci da harsunan Edoid ko Ukaan .  

ASJP 4.0 ta ware Abesabesi a matsayin mafi kusanci da harshen Ukaan . 

## Fassarar sauti
Abesabesi yana da wadataccen kayan tarihi na wayar tarho wanda ya ƙunshi labial-velar da labialized consonants da ci-gaban tushen harshe (ATR) don tsaka-tsakin wasalan baka. Rubutun rubutun da aka yi amfani da shi a nan ya bi Lau (2020),  wanda ya dogara da IPA . Abesabesi harshe ne na tonal mai tsayi, matsakaici, da ƙananan sautin. Waɗannan sautunan ana alamar su ta hanyar tsattsauran lafazi, babu lafazi, ko lafazin kabari akan sashin sautin. Duk sautunan guda uku sautunan ƙamus ne. Koyaya, babban sautin da wuya ya bayyana akan lexemes na tushe amma galibi ana amfani dashi azaman sautin nahawu wanda ke nuna yanayin jumla, mallaka, wuri, ko sabuntawa. Ayyukan sauti akai-akai a cikin Abesabesi sun haɗa da goge wasali, haɗaka, da jituwar wasali . Harafin na iya samun tsarin N (syllabic hanci) ko (C)V(V)(C). Kalmomin da aka rufe suna bayyana ne kawai a ƙarshen kalma kuma wataƙila sun samo asali ne daga kalmar gogewa ta ƙarshe. 

### Wasula
Abesabesi yana nuna wasulan baka bakwai da na hanci biyar. Yayin da akwai bambancin ATR don wasulan na baka (/o/ vs. /ɔ/ da /e/ vs. /ɛ/), wasulan hanci ba sa bambanta +ATR daga -ATR (/ɔ̃/ da /ɛ̃/). 

## Manazarta
Onyama Laura

**Onyama Laura,**  (an haife ta **Onyama Laura Anyeni** a ranar 14 ga watan Oktoba a shikara ta 1992) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Kamaru.  A cikin 2017, ta lashe lambar yabo ta CAMIFF Best Actress  da kuma Best Cameroonian actress a Ecrans Noirs Film Festival 2016. [2] Laura, ta fara yin fim a fim din "Heavy rain" a cikin 2011, "Kiss of the death" a cikin 2015 da sauransu.  Ita ce Shugabar Ofishin 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo na Kamaru Limbe (NAGCAM) [1]Ita  Shugabar Ofishin 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo na Kamaru Limbe (NAGCAM) [1]

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haife ta ne a babban asibitin Buea a ranar 14 ga Oktoba 1992, 'yar Onyama Judith. Ta fara makarantar firamare a Buea sannan daga baya ta koma Yaounde, A shekara ta 2009 tana da digiri a fannin harshe a Jami'ar Buea .  'yar asalin Basossi ce ta Yankin Kudu maso Yamma (Kamaru)  da Oshie a Yankin Arewa maso Yammacin (Kamaru).

## Ayyuka
Laura, ta ci gaba da sha'awar yin wasan kwaikwayo a shekara ta 2009 kuma bayyanarta ta farko a fim din ta kasance a cikin 2011 Heavy Rain . Ita ce shugabar Kamaru Film Guild a reshen Limbe

## Hotunan da aka zaɓa

* *Ruwan sama mai yawa na Chando Daniel (2011) *
* Mai tawaye Pilgrimby Chinepoh Cosson
* Rumbleby Billybob Ndive
* *Kiss na mutuwar ta Musing Derrick*
* Ward Z na Itambi Delphine
* Hanyoyin Dirt ta Enah Johnscott
* Enah Johnscott ne ya cire shi
* Hanyar coci ta Nkanya Nkwai
* Ceton Mbango ta Nkanya Nkwai
* Littafin Mai Kifi ta hanyar

## Kyaututtuka da karbuwa

## Duba kuma

* Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Kamaru
* Fim na Kamaru

## Manazarta
Harshen Chiwere

**Chiwere** (wanda kuma ake kira **Iowa-Otoe-Missouria** ko **Báxoje-Jíwere-Nyútʼachi** ) yaren Siouan ne wanda asalin Missouria, Otoe, da mutanen Iowa ke magana, waɗanda suka samo asali daga yankin Manyan Tafkuna amma daga baya suka ƙaura zuwa tsakiyar Yamma da filayen. Harshen yana da alaƙa da Ho-Chunk, wanda kuma aka sani da Winnebago.

Mishan na Kirista da ba na asali ba sun fara rubuta Chiwere a cikin 1830s, amma tun lokacin ba a buga abubuwa da yawa game da harshen ba. Chiwere ya sami koma baya bayan da aka tsawaita huldar Amurkawa ta Turai a cikin shekarun 1850, kuma ya zuwa 1940 kusan an daina magana da harshen.

"Tciwere itce" (a cikin yaren Otoe) da "Tcekiwere itce" (a cikin yaren Iowa) suna fassara zuwa "Don yin magana da yaren gida."  An ce sunan "Chiwere" ya samo asali ne daga mutumin da ya sadu da baƙo a cikin duhu. Idan wani baƙo a cikin duhu ya ƙalubalanci mutum ya gane kansa, mutumin zai iya amsawa "Ni Tci-we-re" (Otoe) ko "Ni Tce-ki-we-re" (Iowa), wanda ke fassara zuwa " Ni na mutanen ƙasar nan ne" ko kuma "Ni na waɗanda ke zaune a nan ne."

## Sunaye
Kabilar Iowa tana nufin yaren su **Báxoje ich'é** ko **Bah Kho Je** (lafazi [ b̥aꜜxodʒɛ] itʃʼeꜜ ] ). Yaren Otoe-Missouria ana kiransa **Jíwere ich'é** (lafazi: [ d̥ʒiꜜweɾɛ] itʃʼeꜜ ] ). Rubutun *Chiwere*, wanda masana harshe suka fi amfani da shi, ya samo asali ne daga gaskiyar cewa harshe yana da bambancin buri maimakon bambancin murya (duba sashin sautin da ke ƙasa), don haka wanda ba a so ya tsaya  ana yin sauti daban-daban  ko kuma ba a bayyana ba  . Kodayake  ingantaccen lafazin sautin farko na *Jiwere ~ Chiwere* ne, yana iya ɓatar da masu magana da Ingilishi zuwa furta shi  .

Hakazalika, ilimin ƙamus na jama'a na *Báxoje* shine "hanci mai ƙura," bisa rashin fahimtar kalmar farko *bá* as *pá*, ko "hanci."  Duk da haka, kabilar Iowa na Oklahoma ta ce *Bah-Kho-Je* na nufin "dusar ƙanƙara mai launin toka," saboda wuraren da suke sanyi da aka rufe da dusar ƙanƙara mai launin toka da hayaƙin wuta. 

## Matsayi
Masu iya magana guda biyu na ƙarshe sun mutu a cikin hunturu na 1996, kuma kaɗan ne kawai na masu magana da kai suka rage, waɗanda dukansu tsofaffi ne,  suna sa Chiwere cikin haɗari . Tun daga shekara ta 2006, kimanin mutane hudu na kabilar Otoe-Missouria na Indiyawa suna magana da harshen, yayin da mambobi 30 na kabilar Iowa na Oklahoma suna magana da yarensu.  Kabilar Iowa na Oklahoma ta dauki nauyin tarurrukan yare a baya kuma suna fatan za su karbi bakuncin karin a nan gaba. Sun ba wa dattawan ƙabila kayan aikin rikodin don tattara kalmomi da waƙoƙin Chiwere.  An yi amfani da tallafin NSF na 2012 don samar da damar dijital zuwa rikodin sauti na masu iya magana.  An shirya Ranar Harshe da Al'adu na Otoe-Missouria na Shekara na Uku don Satumba 2012.  Kabilar Otoe-Missouria ta Indiyawa tana kafa shirin yare tare da Jami'ar Oklahoma Sashen Nazarin Amirka na Asalin. 

## Manazarta
Gladys Tantoh

**Gladys Ndonyi aka G-Class** (an haife ta Gladys Ndoni Tantoh, a watan Yulin shekara ta 1975) 'ɗan kasuwa ce ta fina-finai ta Kamaru kuma mai zartarwa wacce ita ce co-kafa kuma shugabar yanzu ta The UK Cameroon Film and Film Academy kuma Shugaba na G-Classe Entertainment . A  shekara ta 2016, ta sami gabatarwa sau biyu don mafi kyawun mai gabatar da fim din Afirka a Burtaniya a Afro Hollywood Award da 20th African Film Awards .

## Rayuwa ta farko da aiki
Babu wani bayani game da Gladys Ndonyi da aka buga ainihin ranar haihuwa, ya nuna cewa an haife ta ne a watan Yuli 1975. An haife ta a Kamaru kuma ta ƙaura a UK, da kuma Ta yi karatun sakandare a Jami'ar Greenwich da shirya fina-finai a London Film Academy, baya ga nishaɗi, ma'aikaciyar lafiya ce.

Gladys Ndonyi mai kula da nishaɗi ce, babu wani abu da aka buga game da shekarar da ta fara aikinta. An san ta da aikinta na inganta fina-finai na Kamaru ta hanyar kirkirar Kamaru Film and Movie Academy Awards da kuma nishaɗin G-class a cikin 2015.A shekara ta 2016, ta sami gabatarwa sau biyu don mafi kyawun mai gabatar da fim din Afirka a Burtaniya a Afro Hollywood Award da 20th African Film Awards . [1] [2]

## Duba kuma

* Jerin 'yan Kamaru
* Fim na Kamaru

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* http://www.gclassentertainment.co.uk/
Yaren Dalabon

**Dalabon** yaren Gunwinyguan ne na Arnhem Land, Ostiraliya. Harshe ne mai hatsarin gaske,  tare da ƙila kaɗan kamar masu magana guda uku da suka rage har zuwa 2018.  Ana kuma san Dalabon da Dangbon (sunan Kune ko Mayali ), Ngalkbun (sunan Jawoyn ), da Buwan (sunan Rembarrnga ). 

## Rabewa
**Dalabon** yana cikin reshen harsunan Gunwinyguan na harsunan Australiya, danginsa na kusa su ne Kunwinjku, Kune, Mayali (iri-iri galibi ana haɗa su kamar Bininj Kunwok) da Kunbarlang . 'Yan uwanta na kusa su ne Rembarrnga, da wasu harsuna a cikin dangin Gunwinyguan, ciki har da Jawoyn, Ngalakgan, Ngandi, Wubuy, da Enindhilyakwa .

### Matsayin hukuma
Dalabon ba shi da matsayi a hukumance. Makarantun yankin sun kwashe shekaru suna gudanar da shirye-shiryen koyar da Dalabon, amma wadannan ayyukan ba su sami isasshen tallafin gwamnati ba. Sabili da haka, yanayin shirye-shiryen har yanzu yana da rauni.

### Yare/Iri
Idan aka yi la’akari da ƙayyadaddun adadin masu magana da harshen Dalabon, nazarin yarukan ya zama ƙalubale don yin bincike. Masu iya magana suna tunawa da bambanci tsakanin nau'ikan magana guda biyu, dalabon-djurrkdjurrk ("mai sauri", "mai rai") da kuma dalabon-murduk ("mai bayyana"). Duk da haka, ba a sami wani gagarumin bambanci tsakanin jawaban biyu ba.

## Fassarar Fassarar Sauti da Rubutu

### Consonants
Akwai baƙaƙen sauti 22 ko 23 a cikin Dalabon, ya danganta da yanayin sautin /h/. An ba da tebur mai ɗauke da saƙon wayoyi a ƙasa tare da wakilcin rubutunsu (a cikin maƙallan kusurwa).

## Manazarta
Yaren Konkomba

**Konkomba** harshen Gurma ne da ake magana a Ghana, Togo  and Burkina Faso .

## Geography
Ana magana da Konkomba a Ghana ( Yankin Arewa, Yankin Volta, Yankin Brong Ahafo, Yankin Gabas da Accra ), da Togo ( Yankin Savanes, Yankin Kara da Yankin Plateaux ).

## Yaruka da adabi
Yaren Konkomba, wanda aka fi sani da asalinsa da **Likpakpaln,** mutanen Konkomba ne ke magana, waɗanda kuma aka fi sani da Bikpakpaam. Harshen Konkomba yana da yaruka da yawa, gami da, amma ba'a iyakance su ba, Lichaboil, Ligbeln, Likoonli, Limonkpeln da Linafeel.  

Yaruka na Konkomba sun fito ne saboda iyalai da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban sun zauna tare kuma suka ɗauki nau'ikan lamuni na musamman da tsarin ƙamus, suna yin abin da za a iya kira ƙungiyoyin yare iri ɗaya. Alal misali, "taswirar taswira" a cikin (a cikin yaren Lichabol), "may LAK Iya" (a cikin yaren Limonkpeln), da "maza da yawa" (a cikin yaren Likoon) duk suna nufin "Ba na son hakan". Ana iya jin irin wannan bambancin a cikin Likpakpaln, ya danganta da yankin yanki ko kuma dangin da suka mamaye wani yanki. Koyaya, yaren Lichaboil shine nau'in rubutu. Sauran yarukan Bikpakpaam sun haɗa da Linankpel (Nankpantiib), Likpalil (Bikpalib), Linandeln (Binandim), Lisagmaln (Sagmantiib), da Linalol (Binalob).

Akwai madaidaicin adadin adabin Likpakpaln. Wannan wallafe-wallafen ya ƙunshi jigogi don koyarwa, ƙamus, littattafan labari, da tatsuniyoyi. Akwai kuma cikakken fassarar Littafi Mai Tsarki a Likpakpaln, wanda aka ƙirƙira ta hanyar aikin GILLBT da GIL, Mary Steele, da RILADEP (tsohon KOLADEP, Konkomba Literacy and Development Project). Mary Steele ce ta fara aiki a kan fassarar Littafi Mai Tsarki ta Likpakpaln a shekara ta 1962 sa’ad da ta isa aiki da Masu Fassara Littafi Mai Tsarki na Wycliffe.

## Rabewa
Konkomba yaren Gur . Yana da alaka da yaren Bimoba da ’ yan kabilar Bimoba na Ghana ke magana, da harshen Moba da mutanen Togo da Burkina Faso ke magana da shi, da harshen Bassari da mutanen Togo da Ghana ke magana da shi. Yana daga cikin rukunin rukunin Gurma, wanda kuma ya haɗa da wasu harsuna da yawa kamar Gourmanche da Miyobe .

## Rubutun Rubutu

### Alphabet

#### Babban haruffa
A, B, (C), CH, D, E, F, G, GB, I, J, K, KP, L, M, N, NY, Shahararru, Shakuwa, O, Ɔ, P, R, S T, U, W, Y.

## Fassarar sauti

## Manazarta
Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Kamaru

Wannan jerin sanannun ƴan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Kamaru. 

* Achilles Brice
* Achiri Victor
* Alenne Menget
* Cif Epey JR
* Agbor Gilbert Ebot
* Anurin Nwunembom
* Asobo daga
* Babila Clovis
* Bechem Bisong BB
* Eu Chu
* Dupree Koual
* Enah Johnscott
* Epule Jeffrey
* Eriq Ebouaney
* Eystein Young Jr
* Tushen Collins
* Gerard Esomba
* Ivan Sunan
* Kang Quintus
* Lynno Lovert
* Mathieu Banye Senjo
* Neba Godwill Awatu
* Nchini Justin
* Nkanya Nkwai
* Pascal Moma
* Yarima Toboh Serdrick
* Seehoofer N. Roland
* Shengang R Claude
* Sumbai Ekane Epie
* Tanhoh Ramin Funwie
* Vitalis Otias
* Yannick Davidson Annoh 

## 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo mata

* Ade Kelly
* Adela Elad
* Alvine Diba
* Littafi Mai Tsarki Mai Tsarki
* Brenda Elung
* Catherine Fri
* Charlotte Gobina
* Bangaskiya Mai Aminci
* Gladys Ndonyi
* Joyce Bikidik
* Lina Ikechuju
* Malvis-Ann Mohvu
* Memba Lucie
* Nsang Dilong
* N Sylvia-Bright Bi
* Onyama Laura
* Onyama Laura
* Quinny Ijang
* Relindis Nchang
* Roseline Fonkwa
* Sahndra Fon Dufe
* Solange Yijika
* Syndy Emade
* Syriette Che
* Tantoh Ramin Funwie
* Wang Jenif
* Prisma James

## Duba kuma

* Fim na Kamaru
* Jerin fina-finai na Kamaru
* Masana'antar Fim ta Kamaru

## Manazarta
Jean Pierre Essome

***Jean Pierre Essome*** mawaƙi ne kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Kamaru .  An san shi da kiɗan makossa. An nuna Essome a cikin fim din Before the Sunrise, wanda aka saki a Kamaru da Najeriya.

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

*
Nchifor Valery

**Nchifor Valery,** ɗan wasan talabijin ne na ƙasar Kamaru An san shi da fim din Obsession, wanda ya lashe kyautar mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a 2011 London-run ZAFAA Award .  Ya kuma lashe kyautar mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na namiji a matsayin jagora a lambar yabo ta jan gashin gashin gashi ta 2017. Ya kuma lashe kyautar mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na namiji a matsayin jagora a lambar yabo ta jan gashin gashin gashi ta 2017.

## Tarihi
An haifi **Valery** ɗan ƙasar Kamaru ne. Ya kammala karatu tare da B.Ed a ilimi a Jami'ar Buea .

## Ayyuka
Valery ya fara sana'arsa a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin a Buea, a cikin fim din Leather Gangsters, wanda aka saki a shekara ta 2006. "Babban matsayi na aikin da na yi ya zuwa yanzu shine lokacin da aka zaba ni don mafi kyawun zuwa ZAFAA duniya (ZAFAA) a London shine na yi tafiya kuma na lashe kyautar a cikin wani rukuni tsakanin manyan sunaye daga Ghana Najeriya da Afirka ta Kudu. " Valery ya gaya wa Njokatv.  fito a cikin fina-finai sama da 40 wadanda suka hada da gajeren fina-fallace, jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin.  shekara ta 2012 shi ne mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin rawar goyon baya wanda ya ba shi wata lambar yabo a wannan rukuni a Cameroon Movie Merit Awards, CMMA, fitowar 2012 da Fred Keyanti ya shirya.

## Hotunan da aka zaɓa

* Mutum don karshen mako (2017) tare da Syndy Emade, Alexx Ekubo
* *Rashin jituwa* (2011) 
* *<nowiki/>'Yan fashi na fata*
* *Magana*

## Kyaututtuka da karbuwa

## Duba kuma

* Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Kamaru
* Fim na Kamaru

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Nchifor Valerya kanFacebook
Nkanya Nkwai

**Nkanya Nkwai** (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1982) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Kamaru mai magana da Ingilishi, darekta da kuma furodusa.  Ecrans Noirs  suka amince da shi a shekarar 2014 a Yaounde, Kamaru a fim din *Viri* a matsayin mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ya sa ya zama ɗan Kamaru na farko da ya cancanci irin wannan lambar yabo. Shi  furodusa na fim din Nightfall (Tombee De La Nuit) wanda ke nuna dan wasan Nollywood Clem Ohameze da tauraron Kamaru Epule Jeffrey . 

## Rayuwa ta farko
Nkanya, an haife ta ne a Dumbo-Berabe, Donga Mantung Division a Kamaru a cikin iyali mai auren mata da yawa. Ya tafi makarantar firamare ta Presbyterian (PS) Dumbo-Berabe da makarantar sakandare ta gwamnati (GHS) Ako, inda ya kammala a makarantar sakandare na gwamnati a Nkambe tare da takardar shaidar G.C.E Advanced Level sannan daga baya ya shiga Jami'ar Yaoundé I, shirin hadari a Afirka ta Kudu. Ya koma Jami'ar Kasa da Kasa ta LCC a Lithuania . Yayinda yake saurayi, ya zauna kuma ya girma a Idenau wani yanki na garin Limbe, a Kamaru . 

## Ayyuka
Fim dinsa  farko ya zo ne a shekara ta 2008, a fim din *Becky Diana* .  Ya bar Kamaru don ci gaba da karatu a kasashen waje.  shekara ta 2010, ya taka rawa a cikin The Crucible ta Jami'ar LCC ta Duniya a Lithuania.  ya dawo Kamaru, ya fito a fina-finai da yawa wadanda suka hada da *Viri*, The African Guest, Nightfall da Life Point.

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

*
Montess

**Montess Ivette Enjema** (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga Yuli, 1991) wacce aka fi sani da sunanta na Montess, mawaƙi ce ta Kamaru, mai rawa kuma marubuciya. Ta fara aiki tana da shekaru 6 a matsayin mai rawa a makarantar firamare ta gwamnati ta Buea Town . Daga baya ta ci gaba zuwa rawa inda aka ba ta kyautar mafi kyawun mai rawa a cikin al'ummar Buea a lokacin gasar tsakanin makarantu a ranar 11 ga Fabrairu. Ta sami shahara a shekarar 2015 bayan ta saki "Love Witta Gun Man", waƙar da ta ba ta lambar yabo ta Afrima don Mafi kyawun Mata a Afirka ta Tsakiya a shekarar 2017. 

## Ayyuka
Montess ta fara ne a matsayin mai rawa a makarantar sakandare. Daga baya ta koma wasan kwaikwayo kuma ta zama mawaƙa. Ta fara aikinta na kiɗa a matsayin jagorar mawaƙa na Jami'ar Buea Orchestra

## Bayanan da aka yi

## Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa

## Manazarta


## Haɗin waje

* Facebook.com "@IAMontess a Facebook"
* Instagram.com "@i_am_montess a kan Instagram"
* Twitter.com "@I_AM_MONTESS a kan Twitter"
Harshen Irarutu

**Irarutu**, **Irahutu**, Ko **Kasira**, yaren Australiya ne na mafi yawan cikin yankin Bomberai Peninsula na arewa maso yammacin New Guinea a cikin Masarautar Teluk Bintuni .  Sunan *Irarutu* ya fito ne daga harshen kansa, inda  hade da  don ƙirƙirar 'muryar su'. Lokacin da aka haɗa tare da  , wanda a kan kansa yana nufin 'gaskiya', ma'anar sunan ya zama 'Muryarsu ta gaskiya' ko 'Yaren mutanen gaskiya'.

Kuri yana da kusanci sosai a ƙamus, amma ba a rarraba shi bisa ƙa'ida ba. Ban da wannan, Irarutu ya bambanta sosai tsakanin yarukan Kudancin Halmahera – Yamma New Guinea . A baya can, ana ɗaukar Irarutu a matsayin na cikin rukunin Kudancin Halmahera na harsunan Australiya,  amma kwanan nan, Grimes da Edwards suna sanya Irarutu a cikin harsunan Kei-Tanimbar . 

Akwai bambance-bambance guda bakwai da ake samu a cikin harshen: Nabi, Babo, Kasuri, Fruata, Kudu-Arguni, Gabas-Arguni, Arewa-Arguni. 

## Rarrabawa
Ana magana da Irarutu a yankin Bomberai Peninsula na Indonesiya. Musamman, ana magana da shi a wurare kamar haka: 

* Kaimana Regency
** Arguni District: Minggir, Aru, Kafuryai, Warmenu, Egarwara, Warua, Tugunawa, Rafa, Fiduma, Rauna, Sumun, Wanggita, Ukiara, Warwarsi, Bovuer, Mahua, Jawera, Rofada, Waromi, Tanusan, Urisa, Mandiwa, Werafuta, Nagura, da kauyukan Seraran.
* Teluk Bintuni Regency
** Gundumar Babo: Irarutu 3, Nusei, Kasira, Amutu, Modan, and Kanaisi villages
** Gundumar Aroba: kauyen Wame
** Farfurwar gundumar.

## Fassarar sauti

### Consonants
Tyron (1995) yana ba da baƙaƙe masu zuwa: 

, are all stops with  being voiceless and  being voiced. All stop consonants can be placed in any position (beginning, middle, or end) with the exception of  which cannot be placed in the ending position. Voiced stops  are mainly heard as prenasalized  in the Fruata dialect.

 are all voiceless fricatives.  is found in all three positions and is sometimes pronounced as a voiced  by Native Irarutu speakers, and is mainly heard as a bilabial fricative  in the East Arguni dialect.  is also found in all three positions but is never voiced.  may be a recent addition to the language.  is only found in initial and middle positions.

 are both voiced nasals. Both consonants are found in all three positions.

 is found in most Irarutu dialects, but is sometimes replaced by .

### Wasula
Tyron (1995) ya ba da wasula masu zuwa: 

Ana samun wasula bakwai a cikin Irarutu,  . Ana iya amfani da duk wasula bakwai ta hanyar monophthong amma diphthongs an iyakance su ga ƴan haɗe-haɗe. 

## Nahawu
Irarutu yana bin tsarin maudu'in-fi'ili-abu (SVO) a cikin tsari na kalma. Siffai irin su ƙima *babba* ko ƙididdigewa suna zuwa bayan suna, amma ga abubuwan da suka shafi zuriya magabatan farko suna zuwa gaban zuriya.
Enah Johnscott

**Enah Johnscott** (an haife ta **Enah John Scott**, 24 Maris 1982) ita ce darektan fina-finai da kuma furodusa na Kamaru. Fim din da Johnscot ya yi sun hada da Triangle of tears (2011), Decoded (2012), Whispers (2013), The African Guest (2013), The Fisherman's Diary (2020) da Half Heaven (2022).  jagoranci jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na *Samba* (2016) da Apple For Two (2017).     Johnscot  sami masu sauraro na duniya a matsayin darektan fim dinsa na 2013 My Gallery wanda ke nuna ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Dan Ghana John Dumelo [1] da Decoded wanda ke nuna Ghanain Van Vicker .  zaɓi The Fisherman's Diary a matsayin shigarwar Kamaru don Mafi kyawun Fim na Duniya a lambar yabo ta 93 . [1]

## Ayyuka
Fim na farko na Johnscot shine Triangle of tears a cikin 2011.  daga cikin ayyukansa FESPACO 2017 ta zaba jerin fina-finai a Burkina Faso don jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Samba .A    shekara ta 2015, ya lashe kyautar darektan mafi kyau don fim din Rose on the Grave ta Eleganzza Entertainment Awards a Kamaru . [1] zabi aikinsa don fitowar 8 na Ecrans Noirs 2014 a fina-finai kamar su My Gallery da Viri.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Kamaru
* Fim na Kamaru

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

*
Epule Jeffrey

**Epule Jeffrey Ewusi** (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga watan Nuwamba shekara  ta 1983) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Kamaru wanda aka sani da fina-finai kamar su Breach of Trust, Red Pink Poison (2013), Decoded (2013) da Royal destination featuring Tonto Dikeh da Emeka Ike. Ya fito a fina-finai sama da 35. A shekara ta 2012, an zabi shi kuma ya lashe lambar yabo ta Cameroon Entertainment a matsayin mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na namiji da kuma lambar yabo ta DAMA mafi kyawun ɗan wasa na 2012 don fim ɗin Decoded. A shekara ta 2012, an zabi shi kuma ya lashe lambar yabo ta Cameroon Entertainment a matsayin mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na namiji da kuma lambar yabo ta DAMA mafi kyawun ɗan wasa na 2012 don fim ɗin Decoded . 

## Rayuwa ta farko
Epule Jeffrey Ewusi, an haife shi ne a yankin Buea ta Kudu maso yammacin Kamaru . Ya kasance Bakosian ta kabilanci, ya tafi makarantar firamare ta PNEU a Bamenda, Makarantar Grammar Bilingual (Lycee) Molyko a Buea kuma ya sami doka a Dokar Jama'a 2006 a Jami'ar Yaounde II .

## Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo
Jeffrey yana aiki tun 2012 kuma an nuna shi a cikin fina-finai sama da 35 a Cinema na Kamaru da Nollywood a Najeriya .   bayyana a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin da ake kira Zamba, wanda aka watsa a gidan talabijin na rediyo na Kamaru (CRTV). 

## Hotunan fina-finai

* *[[Breach of Trust (2017 film)|Breach of Trust]]*
* * [[Troubled Kingdom]] 2012
* *Whisper* (2013)
* *Decoded*  )(2013)
* *Royal destination'' )

## Kyaututtuka
2012 Cameroon Entertainment Awards

|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| 2012
| rowspan="2"|(DECODED)
| Best Actor 
|  

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Kamaru
* Fim na Kamaru

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

*
Augment (harshen Bantu)

**Augment**, wanda kuma ake kira **pre-prefix** ko kawai **wasali na farko**, morpheme ne wanda aka riga aka sanya shi zuwa prefix na suna a cikin wasu harsunan Bantu

## Siffar
Ƙaddamarwa ta samo asali a cikin prefix na Proto-Bantu, wanda yawanci yayi kama da jigon jigon fi'ili.  A wasu harsunan zamani, irin su Masaba, wannan siffa ta kasance ko kaɗan ba ta canza ba. A wasu kuma, an rage ƙarar zuwa wasali mai sauƙi, sau da yawa wasali na prefix na gaba na suna (misali a cikin Zulu ***u''' mu-'', ***a** ma-'' ), ko kuma nau'in saukarwa ( Luganda ***o*' mu-* ). Inda prefix ajin suna yawanci yana da ƙananan sautin, ƙara yana da babban sautin.

Tebu mai zuwa yana ba da bayyani na sifar ƙarar a cikin yaruka daban-daban: 

Harsunan Tekela [[Harsunan Nguni|Nguni]] suna da haɓaka a wasu azuzuwan suna kawai, amma tare da rarrabuwar rabe-rabe: 

* Swazi yana da haɓaka lokacin da prefix ajin suna ya fara da baƙar hanci (class 1/3 ***u** mu-*, 4 ***i** mi-*, 6 ***e** ma-*, 9 ***i** n-* ).
* [[Harshen Phuthi|Phuthi]] yana da ƙarawa inda wasali na prefix ajin suna shine *a* (class 2 ***e** ba-*, 6 ***e** ma-* ).
* Lala yana da rabon da ba a saba gani ba wanda ya dogara da tsarin tushen sunan kansa:
** A cikin aji na 1 da 3, ƙarar tana nan lokacin da suna yana da siffar CV ( ***m** unu* "mutum", amma an samu ƙarancin *unwana* ).
** A cikin aji na 2, yana nan tare da kowace suna da ke farawa da baƙar fata ( ***banu*** "mutane", amma "masu *zunubi'' ").
** A cikin aji na 9, yana nan akan duk sunaye.

## Aiki
Augment ɗin ya bayyana ba shi da aiki ɗaya kawai a cikin harsunan da suke da shi ko ma aiki iri ɗaya a cikin duk harsuna. A cikin ayyukan da suka gabata, sau da yawa ana kwatanta shi da takamaiman labarin, amma kewayon amfani da shi ya fi wannan fadi. 

A Ganda, haɓakar na iya nuna ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai ko mayar da hankali, amma kasancewarsa ko rashi na iya dogara da abubuwan haɗin gwiwa.  Yana nan a cikin sauƙaƙan jimlolin bayyanawa:
 
Amma ba ya nan idan suna ya bi mummunan fi’ili:
 
A cikin Zulu, ana samun ƙarar a kullum, amma ana raguwa a lokuta kamar haka:

* A cikin vocatives .
* Bayan zanga-zangar .
* Bayan mummunan aiki, tare da ma'ana marar iyaka ("kowa" sabanin "da").

## Manazarta
Ivan Namme

***Ivan Namme*** ɗan wasan fim  na Kamaru, furodusa kuma ɗan jarida  Shi ne Shugaba na Nam Productions & furodusa na fina-finai kamar "Smokescreen" (2016), "Barefoot On Broken Bottles" (2015, da "A Little Lie a Little Killed" (2014)   A cikin 2017, fim dinsa "A little lie A little at the Cameroon movie Achievement Awards.

## Ayyuka
Farkon farko na Namme na kasa da kasa shine (Before The Sunrise) tare da 'yan wasan Nollywood a 2006 waɗanda suka zo Buea don aikin, inda ya kasance shugaban sadarwa.  yi ayyukan tare da taurarin Najeriya kamar su Fred Amata, Olu Jacobs da Dakore Egbuson .   shekara ta 2017 an lissafa shi a cikin manyan 'yan wasan Kamaru 10 ta hanyar Bareta news, Ivan, an sake zabarsa don mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Kamaru fashion award (CFA) a cikin maza.

## Fina-finai da aka zaɓa

* Barefoot a kan Broken Bottles (2016) 
* Kafin fitowar rana (2006) 
* Rumble (jerin talabijin, 2015) 
* Shafin hayaƙi (2015) 

## Kyaututtuka da karbuwa

## Duba kuma

* Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Kamaru
* Fim na Kamaru

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Ivan Sunana kanFacebook
*
Harshen Tauya

**Tauya** (kuma **Inafosa** ) yaren Rai ne da ake magana da shi a cikin kwarin kogin Ramu, lardin Madang, Papua New Guinea kusan mutane 350.  Sashen Linguistics a Jami'ar Manitoba a Winnipeg, Kanada, yana da albarkatun harshen Tauya.

## Rabewa
Tauya yana da alaƙa ta kud da kud da Yaren Biyom kuma an haɗa shi da Tauya a cikin rukunin rukunin Rai Coast.  Harsuna biyu suna da alaƙa ko da yake ana magana da Biyom a saman tsaunuka yayin da suke kan iyaka da juna kuma an gano suna da wasu kamanceceniya a cikin ƙamus kamar kalmar *kaŋgora* ma'ana initiate wanda aka aro kai tsaye daga Harshen Biyom.   Daga nan an san cewa harsunan biyu sun kasance suna yin sadarwa akai-akai tare da auratayya tsakanin al'ummomi. 

## Fassarar sauti

### Consonants

A cikin Tauya, huɗu daga cikin baƙaƙe *r, k, kʷ,ʔʷ* suna da hani ga takamaiman sassa na tsarin kalma. *r* yana faruwa a cikin kalmar-matsakaici matsayi na kalmomi a cikin harshe da *k, kʷ* yana faruwa mafi yawa a cikin kalmar-matsayin farko. *ʔʷ* an iyakance shi zuwa matsayi na farko-morpheme. 

### Wasula
Tauya tana da wasula guda biyar kama da yawancin harsuna a Papua New Guinea.

## Manazarta
Harshen Proto-Austronesian

**Proto-Austronesia** (wanda aka fi sani da **PAN** ko **PAn** ) yaren proto ne. Ita ce kakannin harsunan Australiya da aka sake ginawa, ɗaya daga cikin manyan iyalai na harshe na duniya. Proto-Austronesia ana tsammanin ya fara haɓaka  a Taiwan. 

Hakanan an sake gina ƙananan matakan, kuma sun haɗa da Proto-Malayo-Polynesian, Proto-Oceanic, da Proto-Polynesian . Kwanan nan, masana ilimin harshe irin su Malcolm Ross da Andrew Pawley sun gina manyan ƙamus na Proto-Oceanic da Proto-Polynesian.

## Fassarar sauti
An sake gina Proto-Austronesia ta hanyar gina jeri na wasiku a tsakanin baƙaƙe a cikin harsunan Australiya daban-daban, bisa ga hanyar kwatanta . Ko da yake a ra'ayi ya kamata sakamakon ya kasance maras tabbas, a aikace idan aka yi la'akari da yawan harsunan akwai sabani da yawa, tare da mabanbantan malamai daban-daban game da lamba da yanayin sautin wayoyi a cikin Proto-Austronesia. A baya, wasu rashin jituwa sun shafi ko wasu saitunan wasiƙa na gaske ne ko suna wakiltar ci gaba na ɗan lokaci a cikin wasu harsuna. Ga sauran rashin jituwar da suka rage a yanzu, duk da haka, malamai gabaɗaya sun yarda da ingancin tsarin wasiƙun amma ba su yarda ba kan iyakar da za a iya kwatanta bambance-bambance a cikin waɗannan saitin zuwa proto-Austronesian ko wakiltar sabbin abubuwa a cikin wasu nau'ikan yarukan 'ya mace.

### Gyaran Blust
A ƙasa akwai waƙoƙin Proto-Austronesia wanda Robert Blust, farfesa a fannin ilimin harshe a Jami'ar Hawaii a Manoa ya sake ginawa.  An sake gina jimlar baƙaƙen Proto-Austronesian 25, wasula 4, da diphthong 4. Koyaya, Blust ya yarda cewa wasu baƙaƙen da aka sake gina har yanzu suna da gardama da muhawara.

Ana yawan amfani da alamomin da ke ƙasa a cikin kalmomin Proto-Austronesian da aka sake ginawa.

* *C: Alveolar africate mara murya
* *c: paltal africate mara murya
* *q : mai
* *z: muryar palatal africate
* *D: muryar retroflex tasha
* *j: tsayayyen murya mai ƙarfi
* *S: fricative alveolar mara murya
* *N: palatalized alveolar lateral
* *r: alveolar trill
* * R : ƙulli

 D kawai yana bayyana a matsayi na ƙarshe, * z / * c / * ñ kawai a farkon da matsayi na tsakiya, yayin da * j aka iyakance zuwa matsakaici da matsayi na ƙarshe.

Wasulan Proto-Austronesia sune a, i, u, da ə.

## Manazarta
Yaren Czech

**Czech** ( /tʃ ɛ k / ; endonym   [ ˈtʃɛʃcɪna ] ), a tarihi kuma ana kiranta da **Bohemian**  / ( / b oʊ ˈ hiː miən , ba - / ;  Latin   ), harshe ne na Yammacin Slavic na ƙungiyar Czech-Slovak, an rubuta shi da rubutun Latin .  Sama da mutane miliyan 10 ke magana, yana aiki a matsayin yaren hukuma na Jamhuriyar Czech . Czech yana da alaƙa da Slovak, har zuwa maƙasudin fahimtar juna, da kuma Yaren mutanen Poland zuwa ƙaramin digiri.  Czech harshe ne mai hadewa tare da wadataccen tsarin ilimin halittar jiki da daidaita tsarin kalma . Kalmominsa sun sami tasiri sosai daga Latin da Jamusanci .

Ƙungiya ta Czech-Slovak ta haɓaka a cikin Yammacin Slavic a cikin babban zamani na zamani, kuma daidaitawar Czech da Slovak a cikin yaren Czech-Slovak ya samo asali a farkon zamani. A cikin ƙarshen 18th zuwa tsakiyar 19th karni, ma'aunin rubutu na zamani ya zama an daidaita shi a cikin mahallin Farfaɗowar Ƙasar Czech . Mafi yawan magana da ba daidai ba iri-iri, wanda aka fi sani da Czech Common, ya dogara ne akan yaren Prague, amma yanzu ana magana da shi azaman interdialect a cikin mafi yawan Bohemia . Yarukan da ake magana a cikin Moravia sun fi bambanta fiye da yarukan Bohemia.  Wani sanannen kuskure ya ɗauka cewa yarukan Moravia na gabas sun fi kusa da Slovak fiye da Czech, amma wannan ba daidai ba ne; a haƙiƙa, akasin haka gaskiya ne, kuma wasu yarukan da ke yammacin Slovakia suna baje kolin fasalulluka fiye da daidaitattun Czech fiye da daidaitaccen Slovak. 

Czech tana da ƙima mai matsakaicin girman jigon waya, wanda ya ƙunshi monophthongs guda goma, diphthongs uku da baƙaƙe 25 (an raba su zuwa nau'ikan "mai wuya", "tsaka-tsaki" da "laushi"). Kalmomi na iya ƙunsar rikitattun gungu na baƙar magana ko rashin wasula gaba ɗaya. Czech yana da haɓakar alveolar trill, wanda aka sani yana faruwa azaman sauti a cikin wasu harsuna kaɗan kawai, wanda grapheme *ř* ke wakilta.

## UmarRabewa
Harsunan Yammacin Slavic ana magana da su a tsakiyar Turai. An bambanta Czech daga sauran yarukan Slavic na Yamma ta hanyar taƙaitaccen bambance-bambance tsakanin baƙaƙe masu “wuya” da “laushi” (duba phonology a ƙasa). 

Czech memba ne na reshen Slavic na Yamma na reshen Slavic na dangin harshen Indo-Turai . Wannan reshe ya haɗa da Yaren mutanen Poland, Kashubian, Upper da Lower Sorbian da Slovak . Slovak shine yaren da ya fi kusanci da Czech, sannan yaren Poland da Silesian . 

## Tarihi

### Tsakiyar Tsakiya/Tsohuwar Czech

Kalmar "Tsohuwar Czech" ana amfani da ita ga lokacin da ke gabatowa karni na 16, tare da farkon bayanan babban lokacin na da kuma an lasafta shi da "Tsohon Czech", amma kuma ana amfani da kalmar "Tsohon Czech". Tsohon Slavonic ne ya fara aiwatar da aikin rubutaccen harshe da aka rubuta da Glagolitic, daga baya kuma da Latin da aka rubuta da rubutun Latin. 

## Manazarta
Harshen Dirasha

**Dirasha** (wanda aka fi sani da Ghidole, Diraasha, Dirayta, Gidole, Gardulla, Dhirasha) memba ne na reshen Cushitic na dangin Afro-Asiatic . Ana magana da shi a yankin Omo na Habasha, a cikin tuddai a yammacin Tafkin Chamo, a kusa da garin Gidole .

Yawancin masu magana suna amfani da Oromo ko Konso. A cewar Wondwosen, "Dirasha" shine sunan mutane, kuma an ba da sunan yaren daban-daban kamar "Dirashitata, Dirayta da Diraytata" (2006:3,4).

Babu wani daga cikin wadannan sunayen da ya zama abin kunya, amma hanyoyi daban-daban na magana game da harshe ɗaya.

Kimanin mutane 65,000 ne ke magana da yaren Diraytata, da farko a yankin Omo na Habasha.

Harshen yana da sautunan sautuna guda uku da sautuna biyu, wanda ya dace da tsarin Yankin Harshen Habasha. Yana da sautuna biyu da wasula biyar. Tsawon lokaci (ko gemination) ya bambanta ga duka consonants da vowels (Wondwosen 2006: 9,10).

## Fasahar sauti
Tushen:

### Phonetic Inventory: Alamomin IPA
Rubutun Dirayta yana amfani da alamomin da suka bambanta da na gargajiya na IPA. Kowane fitarwa ana iya rubuta shi ta hanyoyi biyu.

Lokacin da /n/ da /ʔ/ suka faru a matsayin /nʔ/, suna kwangila don samar da ŋ. /n/ da /ʔ/ dole ne su faru a cikin wannan jerin, ba tare da sautin sautin ko sassan ba.

### Phonetic Inventory: Alamomin IPA na Vowel

## Manazarta
Alkahira (fim na 1942)

**'Alkahira**'im ne na wasan kwaikwayo na 1942 wanda MGM da Loew suka yi, kuma W. S. Van Dyke ne ya ba da umarni. John McClain ne ya rubuta rubutun, bisa ga ra'ayin Ladislas Fodor game da wani mai ba da labarai da ya rushe a cikin wani harin torpedo, wanda ya haɗu da mawaƙa na Hollywood da baiwarta don hana 'yan leƙen asirin Nazi. Herbert Stothart ne ya buga waƙoƙin. Wannan fim din shine fim na karshe na Jeanette MacDonald a kwangilar MGM. 

Fim din  a karɓa sosai ba a lokacin da aka fara fitar da shi.

## Labarin fim
Ba'amurke Homer Smith shine tauraron mai ba da rahoto na ƙaramin jarida, wanda ake kira mafi kyawun ƙaramin jaridar gari a ƙasar. A matsayin lada ga gudummawar da ya bayar, an tura shi zuwa Arewacin Afirka don bayar da rahoto game da yakin. A cikin Bahar Rum, duk da haka, jirginsa ya nutse; shi da wani wanda ya tsira, Philo Cobson, sun isa bakin teku. Cobson ya bayyana cewa shi memba ne na British Intelligence kuma ya nemi Smith ya ba da saƙo mai lamba ga Mrs. Morrison a Alkahira.

Misis Morrison ta gaya masa cewa tauraron fim din Marcia Warren ɗan leƙen asirin Nazi ne. Smith, babban mai sha'awar Warren, yana da matsala wajen gaskata shi, amma ya sami halin Warren da ake zargi. Ya sami aiki a matsayin mai kula da ita a matsayin Juniper Jones . A halin yanzu, Warren marar laifi ya fara tunanin cewa Smith wakilin abokin gaba ne. Duk da zargin da suke yi, sun fara fadawa soyayya. A ƙarshe, an bayyana ainihin 'yan leƙen asirin: Cobson da Mrs. Morrison.
 
A cewar bayanan MGM. fim din  sami $ 616,000 a Amurka da Kanada da $ 581,000 a wasu wurare, ma'ana ɗakin ya sami ribar $ 273,000.

## Manazarta
Les Petits Chats (fim)

Les Petits Chats fim ne na shekara ta 2015 game da sanannen rukuni na Masar Les Petits chats wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1967.fim ne na shekara ta 2015 game da sanannen rukuni na dutsen Masar Les Petits Chats wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1967.

## Tarihi
An fara aiki a kan fim din a shekara ta 2009. A ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2015, an sanya trailer don shirin a kan layi a Facebook. A cikin mako guda, ya jawo hankalin ra'ayoyi sama da 55,000. A cewar Cairo Scene, fim din zai yi la'akari da rayuwar mambobin ƙungiyar a lokacin da suka shahara da kuma kafin da kuma sanya wannan lokacin.  'a iya duban shi ne canje-canje a cikin ma'aikata da suka faru a cikin shekaru.  din  dauki shekaru shida don kammalawa daga ranar da aka fara a shekarar 2009 kuma an yi shi ne a wannan lokacin lokacin da Masar ke cikin rikici daga 2011 zuwa 2016.

### Darakta
Nakhla shi  ɗan ɗaya daga cikin membobin ƙungiyar.

## Nunawa
Kafin kammala shi kuma yayin da yake cikin matakin ci gaba, an nuna fim din a lokacin bikin fina-finai na Ismailia a shekarar 2012. 

A cikin 2015, Cairo Scene ya ambaci cewa fim din zai fara fitowa a bikin fina-finai na Arabian Sights a Washington DC a ranar 16 da 17 ga Oktoba.   zabi fim din ne don kyautar juriya ta bikin.

 a nuna fim din a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Zamalek a ranar Litinin 8 ga Mayu da karfe 7 na yamma.

An Ƙasar da shi a cikin fitowar 20 ga Yuli, 2017 na The National cewa fim din Sherif Nakhla na 2015 game da ƙungiyar za a nuna shi a Mina Zayed na Abu Dhabi a ranar Asabar 5 ga Agusta. 

## Ƴan Wasa

* Wagdi Francis
* Ezzat Abu Ouf
* Omar Khairat
* Sadek Gellini
* Pino
* George Lucas
* Sobhi Bedeir
* Samir Sabry
* Mohamed Salmawy
* Mohamed Gohar
* Sherif Seif el Nasr 

## Manazarta
Anis Lassoued

**Anis Lassoued** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1972 a Nabeul, Tunisia) darektan fina-finai ne na Tunisia, marubuci kuma furodusa. } fina-finai nasa suna nuna matasa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Lassoued ya kammala karatunsa a fannin fim a Institut Maghrébin de Cinéma (Maghreb Institute of Cinema, IMC, Tunis) kuma ya ci gaba da karatunsa a fim a Jami'ar Roma Tor Vergata . Daga nan sai  yi horo a La Femis, makarantar fim da talabijin ta Jami'ar Kimiyya da Littattafai ta Paris, da kuma GSARA (Groupe socialiste d'action et de réflexion sur l'audiovisuel) a Liège, Belgium.

Tare wasan kwaikwayo ta Tunisiya, marubuciya kuma mai shirya fina-finai Chema Ben Chaabane ya kafa kamfanin samar da fina-fakkaatu Lumières Films a cikin 2013.

## Hotunan fina-finai
Fim din Lassoued  hada da: 

## Kyaututtuka
Fim din Lassoued ya sami kyaututtuka biyu da gabatarwa biyu, kamar: 

## Manazarta