Afro-Arabs

**Afro-Arabs** ko **Larabawa na Afirka** Larabawa ne na cikakku ko wani bangare na zuriyar Afirka. Waɗannan sun haɗa da ƙungiyoyi marasa rinjaye a Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, da Siriya, Iraki, Falasdinu, da Jordan . Kalmar na iya nufin ƙungiyoyin Larabawa daban-daban a Afirka.

## Dubawa

Kudancin Larabawa da Afirka sun kasance suna tuntuɓar tun lokacin hanyoyin musayar obsidian na karni na bakwai BC. An ƙarfafa waɗannan cibiyoyin sadarwa ta haɓakar daular Masar na ƙarni na huɗu BC. Masu bincike sun nuna yiwuwar matsugunin mutane daga Larabawa a cikin kahon Afirka tun farkon karni na 3 da 2 BC.

Al'adun Tihama na Afro-Arabiya, wanda wataƙila ya samo asali ne daga Afirka, ya fara ne a cikin ƙarni na biyu BC. Ana samun wannan rukunin al'adu a Afirka, a cikin ƙasashe irin su Djibouti, Eritriya, Habasha, Somaliya da Sudan, da kuma a makwabtan Yemen da filayen gabar tekun Saudiyya. 

A cikin karni na farko kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, Larabawa na Kudu sun sami iko da hanyoyin kasuwanci na Bahar Maliya kuma suka kafa daular farko ta Yemen, Saba, a kusan 800 BC. Sakamakon tasirin Saba, a hankali an shigar da Eritrea da arewacin Habasha cikin wani yanki na tasirin Larabawa. A shekara ta 600 BC, an kafa daular Daamat ta Habesha -Sabean a Eritiriya da kuma yankin Tigray na Habasha. Shaidun archaeological sun nuna cewa watakila wannan ya samo asali ne daga kananan kabilun Larabawa daban-daban, ciki har da Sabeans. An sami rubutun Sabean da yawa a Eritrea, har ma da sunan *Saba* sunan mace ne da ya zama ruwan dare a Eritiriya, da kuma a cikin Tigray.

Bayan ƙarni da yawa na keɓewa, Masarautar Aksum ta tashi a cikin 100 AD. Wannan mulkin ya wanzu tsawon shekaru 800 kuma ya mamaye kudancin Larabawa na wani lokaci na wannan lokacin. An samo tukwane mai amfani da Aksumite da yawa a cikin adibas daga ƙarni na 5 da na 6 a yankin Hadramaut na Yemen, wanda ke nuni da cewa akwai yuwuwar an sami ƙaura mai yawa a wannan lokacin.

Kudancin Larabawa jihar abokin ciniki ce ta masarautar Aksumite a cikin ƙarni na shida. Rubutun Himyarite sun rubuta wani hari da wani babban Janar na Aksumite mai suna Abraha (Tigrinya: Aብርሃ) ya yi wa Makka a shekara ta 570 AD.  Farkon abin da ya faru a dangantakar Afro da Larabawa ta Musulunci, wanda aka fi sani da Hijira ta Farko, (Larabci: الهجرة إلى الحبشة, al-hijra ʾilā al-habaša), wani lamari ne a farkon tarihin Musulunci, inda sahabban Annabi Muhammad na farko. (Sahabbai) sun gudu daga zaluncin kabilar Kuraishawa da ke mulki a Makka. Sun nemi mafaka a Masarautar Kirista ta Aksum, a Eritriya na yanzu da kuma arewacin Habasha (wanda ake kira Habesha land/Abyssinia, tsohon suna wanda ake muhawara a kan asalinsa),  A cikin 613 ko 615 AD, Sarkin Aksumite wanda ya yi mulki. An karbe su ana kiran su Ashama ibn Abjar ko kuma Negus (Larabci: نجاشي, najašī). Masana tarihi na zamani kuma sun danganta shi da Sarki Armah da Ella Tsaham.  Daga baya wasu daga cikin sahabbai suka dawo Makka suka yi hijira zuwa Madina tare da Muhammad, wasu kuma suka zauna a kasar Habesha har suka zo Madina a shekara ta 628. Masallacin da suka kafa ana kiransa da " Masjid aṣ-Saḥābah ". Yana cikin birnin Massawa na Eritrea, kuma tun farkon karni na 7 miladiyya, an yi imanin shi ne masallaci na farko a nahiyar Afirka. Sahabbai da dama sun zauna a can bayan Musulunci ya kafu a yankin Larabawa kuma zuriyar wadannan sahabbai suna zaune a yankin.

Daga karni na 7 zuwa gaba an kafa al'ummomin musulmi a gabar tekun Eritriya da Somaliya, daga baya kuma suka bazu cikin kasa. Kasuwancin bayi na Larabawa, wanda ya fara a zamanin jahiliyya amma ya kai tsayin daka tsakanin 650 AD zuwa 1900 AD, ya kwashe miliyoyin mutanen Afirka daga kwarin Nilu, yankin kahon Afirka, da gabar tekun gabashin Afirka ta tekun Red Sea zuwa Larabawa. An kwashe ƙarin miliyoyi a cikin Sahara a matsayin wani ɓangare na cinikin bayi da ke ƙetare sahara.
A kusan karni na farko AD, 'yan kasuwa na Farisa sun kafa garuruwan kasuwanci a kan abin da ake kira gabar tekun Swahili a yanzu,   wanda, tsakanin ƙarni na goma da goma sha biyu, ya zama mafi Larabawa. Turawan Portugal sun ci wadannan cibiyoyin kasuwanci bayan gano hanyar Cape Road . Daga shekarun 1700 zuwa farkon 1800, sojojin musulmi na daular Omani sun sake kwace wadannan garuruwan kasuwa, musamman a tsibirin Pemba da Zanzibar. A cikin wadannan yankuna, Larabawa daga Yemen da Oman sun zauna tare da al'ummar "Afrika" na gida, ta haka ne suka yada addinin Islama da kuma kafa al'ummomin Afro-Arab. Harshen Swahili na Nijar da Kongo ya samo asali ne ta hanyar waɗannan cudanya tsakanin Larabawa da ƴan asalin Bantu . 

A Arewacin Afirka, Larabawa a tarihi suna da kusanci da ƴan asalin nahiyar Afirka;

A cikin kasashen Larabawa na Tekun Fasha, zuriyar mutane daga gabar tekun Swahili suna yin kade-kade da raye-raye na Liwa da Fann at-Tanbura, kuma Afro-Arabs ne ke buga mizmar a Tihamah da Hejaz.

Bugu da kari, Stambali na Tunisiya  da kidan Gnawa na Maroko  dukkansu kida ne da raye-raye wadanda a bangare guda suka samo asali daga salon wakokin Afirka ta Yamma . 'Yan Afro-Saudi suna da kashi 10% ko kuma kusan 1,880,000 na mutanen Saudiyya 18,880,000. 

## Sanannen Afro-Arabs

* Etab, Mawakin Saudiyya
* Anwar Sadat, dan siyasar Masar
* Ali Al-Habsi, dan kwallon Omani
* Mohamed Al-Deayea, dan wasan kwallon kafa na kasar Saudiyya
* Shikabala, dan wasan kwallon kafa na kasar Masar
* Mohammed Hussein Al-Amoudi, hamshakin attajirin dan kasar Saudiyya dan asalin Habasha da Yemen
* Khalid Eisa, dan kwallon kasar Emirate
* Tippu-Tip, Afro-Omani mai ciniki kuma mai bincike
* Chahine van Bohemen, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Holland-Maroko

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Kasuwancin Bawan Larabawa Afo da Larabawa da cinikin bayi na Larabawa
* "Baƙar fata 'yan Afirka a (Larabawa) Yammacin Asiya"  - maƙalar ColorQ.org da aka ambata
* Farfesa Helmi Sharawy, Al'adun Larabawa da Al'adun Afirka:  Archived alaƙar da ba ta dace ba   , takarda da aka ciro daga littafin *The Tattaunawa tsakanin al'adun Larabawa da sauran al'adu'<nowiki/>*, Arab League, Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (ALECSO), Tunis, 1999.
* ƙudiri kan Haɗin gwiwar Afro-Arab na Majalisar Ministocin Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka, 23, Fabrairu 23-28, 1987.
* Taron Bayar da Shawarwari na Sakatare-Janar na Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka kan Haɗin gwiwar Afro-Arab, Addis Ababa: 10-12 Mayu 2005.
* Maho M. Sebiane, " Le statut socio-economique de la pratique musicale aux Emirat arabes unis : la traditional du leiwah à Dubai », Chroniques yéménites, 14, 2007. http://cy.revues.org/docannexe1500.html
* Asalin Afro-Arabiyawa na farkon Yamanawa da cin galaba da matsugunin su na Spain