Wayewar Afirka ta gargajiya

Sharuɗɗan wayewar Afirka, da kuma wayewar Afirka na gargajiya, ko daulolin Afirka kalmomi ne waɗanda galibi suna nufin masarautu daban-daban kafin mulkin mallaka na Afirka. Wayewa yawanci sun haɗa da Masar, Carthage, Axum, Numidia, da Nubia, amma kuma ana iya faɗaɗa su zuwa ƙasar Puntin da ta riga ta kasance da sauran su: Masarautar Dagbon, Daular Ashanti, Masarautar Kongo, Masarautar Mali, Masarautar Zimbabwe, Masarautar Songhai, Garamantes Masarautar Ghana, Bono state, Harla Empire, Masarautar Ifyo.

## Wayewa

### Ife Empire
Babban labarin: Ife Empire

Daular Ife ita ce daula ta farko a tarihin Yarbawa. Daular Ife ta kasance daga 1200 zuwa 1420. Odùduwa ne ya kafa daular, kuma ta zama sananne sosai don fasahar fasaha na zamani. Akwai kuma terracotta masu girman rai da tagulla ko tagulla tare da cikakkun bayanai, kyawawan dabi'u.

Ƙwarewar sana'a ta ayyana rayuwar tattalin arziƙin yau da kullun wanda samar da sana'o'i masu daraja, kamar samar da gilashin dutse, ya fito sosai.

Ife ya girma ya sami masana'antu masu ƙarfi a cikin karafa, suna samar da ƙarfe da ƙarfe masu inganci. Yayin da yawan jama'a ke karuwa, an gina katanga na biyu a cikin babban birnin kasar Ilé-Ife a cikin karni na sha uku kuma an fara ginawa da shimfida manyan tituna da dama. Lamarin da aka yi na tukwane a kusan kowane yanki na yankin da ke cikin bangon ciki da na waje da kuma bayansa yana nuna cewa birnin yana da yawa. Girman Daular Ife ya girma cikin sauri a Fasaha da wayewa, mai kula da Osanyin ya sami ci gaba a Fasahar Yarbawa kuma mai kula da Orishas ya sami ci gaba a cikin wayewar Yarbawa.

### Oyo Empire
Babban labarin: Oyo Empire

Oyo Empire, wata masarauta ce a Najeriya a yau, an kafa shi a cikin 1300s. Oranmiyan na kabilar Yarbawa na yammacin Afirka ne ya kafa ta. Daular ta girma ta zama kasa mafi girma a cikin harshen Yarbanci ta hanyar tsarin tsari da gudanarwa na Yarabawa, kasuwanci, da kuma amfani da sojan doki. Daular Oyo ta kasance daya daga cikin muhimman jahohin yammacin Afirka daga tsakiyar karni na 17 zuwa karshen karni na 18, kuma tana da iko ba kawai a kan mafi yawan masarautun kasar Yarbawa ba, har ma da wasu kasashen Afirka da ke kusa, musamman Masarautar Fon ta Dahomey a Jamhuriyar Benin ta zamani a yammacinta, da masarautun Nupe da Bariba a arewa.

’Yan Oyo kuma sun shahara da sana’ar sana’a, musamman wajen aikin karfe. Duk wannan fatauci ya sanya masarautar Oyo ta zama mai arziki. Wannan dukiya ta taru ne ta hanyar harajin da ta sanya a kan masu tara haraji. Misali, wata karamar hukuma ita kadai, Masarautar Dahomey, ta rika kawo kudi kusan miliyan daya a shekara, ita kuma Oyo ta kashe duk wadannan kudade wajen sayen makaman soja.

Daular Oyo ta haɓaka cikin wayewa wajen haɓaka makaman soja da yankin kwamanda a ƙarƙashin mai kula da Aláàfin kamar su Ɔ̀rànmíyàn, Shango da Bashorun, da sauransu.

### Masarautar Benin
Babban labarin: Masarautar Benin

Basaraken Ife na Yarbawa Oranmiyan ma ya kafa Masarautar Benin. Ya kasance a Yammacin Afirka tsakanin karni na 11 zuwa 1897 AD. An san shi da Benin Bronzes.

### Eritrea da Habasha
Manyan labarai: Tarihin Eritrea da Tarihin Habasha

Wayewa guda biyu sun mamaye ƙasashen da suka kewaye jihohin Eritiriya da Habasha na zamani.

### D'mt
Masarautar farko da aka sani tana wanzuwa a Eritriya da Habasha ita ce masarautar D'mt, wacce ke da babban birninta a Yeha, inda aka gina haikalin salon Saba'a kusan 700 BC. Ya tashi zuwa iko a kusa da karni na 10 BC. Daular D'mt ta sami rinjaye daga Saba'awa a Yemen, amma ba a san ko yaya ba. Duk da yake an taba yarda cewa D'mt ya kasance mulkin mallaka na Sabae, yanzu an yi imanin cewa tasirin Sabae yana da ƙananan, iyakance ga wasu ƙananan yankuna, kuma ya ɓace bayan ƴan shekarun da suka gabata ko karni, watakila wakiltar cinikayya ko mulkin mallaka na soja a cikin wani nau'i na symbiosis ko haɗin gwiwar soja tare da wayewar D'mt ko wasu proto-Aksumite jihar. Rubuce-rubuce kaɗan daga ko game da wannan masarauta sun tsira kuma kaɗan ne aka yi aikin binciken kayan tarihi. Sakamakon haka, ba a sani ba ko D’mt ya ƙare a matsayin wayewa kafin farkon Aksum, ya samo asali ne zuwa cikin jihar Aksumite, ko kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan jahohi da suka haɗe a cikin daular Aksumite mai yiwuwa a kusan farkon karni na 1.

## Manazarta