Margaret Holmes

Margaret Joan Holmes AM (née Read; 24 Janairu 1909 - 10 Satumba 2009) yar gwagwarmayar zaman lafiya ce ta Australiya, musamman a lokacin Yaƙin Vietnam kuma a matsayin ɓangare na Fellowship na Anglican Pacifist . Ta kafa reshen New South Wales na Ƙungiyar Mata ta Duniya don Aminci da 'Yanci a 1960, kuma a cikin 2001 ta zama Memba na Order of Australia don ayyukanta ga al'umma.

## Tarihin Rayuwa

An haifi Margaret Holmes a cikin dangin Sydney masu arziki a ranar 24 ga Janairu 1909, ita ce babba a cikin yara biyar, kuma ta girma a Wahroonga. Iyayenta sune Irene Victoria Read da Dr William Henry Read.  Mahaifiyarta ta sadaukar da rayuwarta don kyawawan dalilai kuma ta sadu da mijinta yayin da su biyun ke aiki a Ofishin Jakadancin Sydney . Mahaifinta ya yi hidima a ƙasar Masar kuma mahaifiyarta ta kasance mai goyon bayan Ostiraliya da ta tura maza su yi yaƙi a yaƙin duniya na farko. 

Holmes ta halarci Kwalejin Mata, Jami'ar Sydney, inda ita ce daliba ta farko da ta samu mota, kuma ta yi karatun likitanci. Yayin da yake jami'a, Holmes ya shiga cikin Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Kirista kuma an gano shi da zaman lafiya na Kirista . Ta sauke karatu tare da digiri na Kimiyya kuma a cikin 1933 ta auri likita, T.&nbsp;A.&nbsp;G. (Tag) Holmes, maimakon zama ɗaya. 

Margaret da Tag Holmes sun gina gida a Titin Soja, Mosman, wani yanki na kusa da Sydney's Lower North Shore, inda T.&nbsp;A.&nbsp;G. Holmes ya yi aikin likita kuma sun renon yara shida. A farkon yakin duniya na biyu, Holmeses ya kafa "Klub din 50-50", wani maraice na zamantakewa na mako-mako inda "sabbin Australiya" za su iya sanin mazauna gida kuma su shiga cikin sabuwar al'ummarsu. 

A cikin 1959, Holmes ya yi tafiya don halartar taron Majalisar Mata ta Duniya don Zaman Lafiya da 'Yanci a Stockholm; ta san wannan ƙungiyar zaman lafiya ta mata a cikin 1940 ta hanyar labarai a cikin *The Peacemaker* wanda Eleanor Moore ya rubuta. Da yake babu reshen Sydney na WILPF a lokacin, ta shiga a matsayin memba na duniya. Ta kafa NSW Branch lokacin da ta dawo daga majalisa.  Tafiyarta ta haɗa da tafiya zuwa Ostiriya don taron IFOR, zuwa Rasha (inda ta kai smuggled Littafi Mai-Tsarki zuwa Cocin Baptist na Moscow) da kuma Indiya (bisa gayyatar Sushila Nayar, wadda ta hadu da ita a taron WILPF). 

A cikin 1960s lokacin Yaƙin Vietnam, yunƙurin Holmes ya zama mafi yawan jama'a. Ta jagoranci zanga-zangar ciki har da fita kuma ta kasance mai yin kamfen na yau da kullun a cikin garin Sydney, tana shiga cikin bukukuwan addu'o'i, fitilun fitulu, tarurruka na jama'a da rarraba takarda . A wannan lokacin kuma ta kasance mai ƙwazo wajen fafutukar neman 'yancin ƴan ƙabilar ƙabila da kuma kwance damarar makaman nukiliya. Tarihinta, *Margaret Holmes: Rayuwa da Zamani na mai yakin neman zaman lafiya na Australiya*, wanda Michelle Cavanagh ya rubuta, an buga shi a 2006.  An kuma rubuta rayuwarta a cikin tatsuniyoyi daban-daban na baka da sauran abubuwa, wasu daga cikinsu suna gudanar da taron Tunawa da Yaƙin Australiya .

## Girmamawa
A cikin 2001, Holmes ya zama memba na Order of Australia a bikin ranar haihuwar Sarauniya, "don hidima ga al'umma ta hanyar kungiyoyi masu inganta zaman lafiya, 'yancin ɗan adam da warware rikici, musamman a matsayin memba na Ƙungiyar Mata ta Duniya don Aminci da 'Yanci". 

## Mutuwa
Holmes ta yi bikin cika shekaru 100 a ranar 24 ga Janairu 2009 a gidanta da ke Sydney, tare da 'ya'yanta shida, jikoki da jikoki da yawa. Ta mutu a ranar 10 ga Satumba, 2009 a Coffs Harbour, Ostiraliya. 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin sunayen masu fafutukar zaman lafiya

## Manazarta


## Kara karantawa

* Murya mai ƙarfi don zaman lafiya da yanci - mutuwar Margaret Holmes a cikin Sydney Morning Herald, wanda aka buga 3 Oktoba 2009
* Yabo ga Misis Margaret Holmes  ta Ms Lee Rhiannon, Majalisar NSW, 20 Satumba 2006
* "Cobbittee capers", tarihin da Margaret Holmes ta ba da gudummawa ga Memories Mosman, 23 Oktoba 2006
* Labari daga Keith Suter: https://web.archive.org/web/20110713142319/http://www.keithsuter.com/2009/05/12/margaret-holmes/
* Labarin Greenleft: Margaret Holmes: rayuwa ta yaƙi da yaƙi
* Tattaunawar tarihin baka da Margaret Holgate, Muryar Mosman, 17 ga Nuwamba 2000
* Hira a cikin The Australians at War