Marva Collins

**Marva Delores Collins** (ɗan **Knight** ; Agusta 31, 1936 - Yuni 24, 2015) malami ne ɗan Amurka. Collins ya fi shahara da ƙirƙirar Makarantar Shirye-shiryen Westside, wata makarantar firamare mai zaman kanta da aka fi sani da ita a unguwar talakawa ta Garfield Park da ke Chicago, Illinois, wadda aka buɗe a shekarar 1975.  

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Collins a Monroeville, Alabama, ga ubansa, Henry Knight, wani ɗan kasuwa wanda ke da gidan jana'iza kuma yana aiki da shanu, da kuma ga mahaifiyarsa, Bessie Knight (née Nettles). Ta girma a Atmore, Alabama, wani ƙaramin gari kusa da Mobile, Alabama, a lokacin da ake fama da wariya a Kudancin Amurka.  Lokacin da take ƙarama, Collins ta je makarantar firamare mai tsauri a cikin wani gidan makaranta mai ɗaki ɗaya a Atmore, abin da ya yi mata tasiri a rayuwarta ta baya.  Ta kammala karatunta a Kwalejin Clark (wanda yanzu aka sani da Jami'ar Clark Atlanta ) a Atlanta, Georgia . 

## Sana'a

Collins ta koyar da makaranta tsawon shekaru biyu a Alabama, sannan ta koma Chicago a shekarar 1959, inda ta koyar a matsayin malamar wucin gadi ta cikakken lokaci a tsarin makarantun gwamnati na cikin birnin Chicago tsawon shekaru goma sha huɗu. 

### Makarantar Shirye-shiryen Westside
Saboda takaicin rashin ilimin da ta ji wasu ɗalibai suna fuskanta a wasu fannoni, Collins ta karɓi dala $5,000 ($25,910 a cikin dala 2021  ) daga asusun ritaya na malaminta kuma ta fara makaranta mai zaman kanta a saman benaye na brownstone a unguwar West Garfield Park inda ta zauna a 1975. 

Makarantar da ta fara ana kiranta da Westside Preparatory School. Westside Prep ta zama nasara a fannin ilimi da kasuwanci.  Collins ta ƙirƙiri makarantarta mai zaman kanta mai araha musamman don koyar da yara baƙaƙe masu ƙarancin kuɗi waɗanda Collins ta ji cewa Hukumar Makarantun Jama'a ta Chicago ta yi kuskuren sanya musu suna a matsayin waɗanda ba su da ilimi .  Collins ta ce tana da bayanai da za su tabbatar da cewa ɗalibanta suna da sauƙin koyarwa kuma suna iya shawo kan matsalolin koyo ta hanyar hanyoyin koyarwa, waɗanda ta ce sun kawar da matsalolin ɗabi'a kuma sun ba ɗalibai damar bunƙasa. 

Makarantar da take da ɗaki ɗaya ta yi tasiri a kan hanyoyinta. A gida mahaifinta ya ba ta ayyukan da ta yi imanin sun gina mata kwarin gwiwa kuma sun ba ta jin nauyin da ke kanta. Ta ji lokacin da take tare da ɗalibai ya fi muhimmanci fiye da ƙirƙirar bayanai na gani na sauti daga nesa.  Collins da 'yarta sun gudanar da makarantar fiye da shekaru 30 har sai da aka rufe ta a 2008 saboda rashin isassun ɗalibai da kuɗi.

## Yaɗa labarai
Collins ta shahara saboda fim ɗin talabijin na 1981 bisa ga aikin rayuwarta mai taken *The Marva Collins Story*, wanda Cicely Tyson da Morgan Freeman suka fito a ciki.   Ta kuma fito a wani labarin labarai mai suna a cikin CBS 's *60 Minutes .* Cicely Tyson, wacce ta taka rawa a fim ɗin talabijin, ta ce ta shafe lokaci tare da Collins don yin bincike kan rawar.  Fim ɗin *60 Minutes* ya samo asali ne daga wani labarin shekarun 1970 wanda ɗan jaridar Chicago Sun-Times Zay N. Smith ya rubuta game da Collins da Westside Prep. 

### Kevin Ross
A shekarar 1982, Kevin Ross, ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Jami'ar Creighton mai shekaru 23, ya kai shekararsa ta ƙarshe a jami'a ba tare da ya iya karatu ba. Tare da taimakon wani mai ƙarfafa gwiwa na Creighton, Ross ya shiga aji na 7 a Westside Prep. Tare da koyarwa ta sirri daga Collins, Ross ya koyi karatu kuma ya kammala karatunsa a watan Mayu 1983.  Ross ya fuskanci matsaloli wajen ci gaba da karatunsa, amma lokacin da ya sami matsaloli masu tsanani, Collins ya taimaka masa sosai.

## Muhimman abubuwan da suka fi daukar hankali a aiki
Saboda nasarar da hanyoyin koyarwanta suka samu, an ruwaito cewa Shugaba Ronald Reagan yana son naɗa Collins a matsayin Sakataren Ilimi na Amurka,   amma Collins ta janye kanta daga takarar neman wannan matsayi.   A shekarar 1983, Reagan ta ambaci Collins a lokacin da ake gabatar da wani shiri na ƙasa don yaƙi da jahilci na manya.  Shugaba George Bush ya kuma nemi ta zama Sakataren Ilimi, amma ta ƙi amincewa da koyar da ɗalibi ɗaya a lokaci guda.  A shekarar 1994, Prince ya nuna Collins a cikin bidiyon waƙarsa ta " Mafi Kyawun Yarinya a Duniya ." Ya kuma ba da gudummawar dala 500,000 ga Cibiyar Horar da Malamai ta Westside Preparatory School, wadda aka ƙirƙiro don koyar da hanyoyin koyarwa na Collins.  

A shekarar 1996, an ɗauki Collins aiki don kula da makarantun gwamnati guda uku na Chicago waɗanda aka sanya su a cikin gwaji. A shekarar 2004, Collins ta sami lambar yabo ta ƙasa ta ɗan adam, daga cikin kyaututtuka da yawa saboda koyarwa da ƙoƙarinta a gyaran makarantu.  A lokacin shekarar makaranta ta 2006-07, makarantar Collins ta karɓi dala $5,500 don biyan kuɗin makaranta, kuma iyaye sun ce makarantar ta yi aiki mafi kyau fiye da tsarin makarantun gwamnati na Chicago, wanda ya ware dala $11,300 ga kowane ɗalibi. Hukumomi sun yi korafin cewa wannan bai isa ba.

## Hanyoyin koyarwa da masu suka
An san Collins da amfani da ilimin gargajiya, musamman hanyar Socratic, wacce aka gyara don amfani da ita a makarantun firamare, cikin nasara tare da ɗalibai matalauta. Collins ta soki koyarwar ɗaliban, ba ɗaliban da kansu ba.  Ta rubuta littattafai da dama, littattafai da kuma littattafan ƙarfafa gwiwa waɗanda ke bayyana tarihinta da hanyoyinta. A cikin 1982 da kuma a cikin kasidu na baya, George N. Schmidt ya soki Collins daga *Substance News,* wanda ya yi iƙirarin cewa aikin Collins na yaudara ne.   Collins ya musanta duk wani zamba.  A lokacin, Collins yana da magoya baya da masu suka. 

## Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa
Collins ya auri Clarence Collins daga watan Satumba na 1960 har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 1995.  Tare, sun haifi 'ya'ya uku. Collins ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Yuni, 2015, a gundumar Beaufort, South Carolina, yana da shekaru 78, yayin da yake kula da marasa lafiya. 

## Ayyuka da wallafe-wallafe

### Monographs

* Collins, Marva, Bert Kruger Smith, da Charlene Warren. *Tattaunawa da Marva Collins: Makaranta daban.* Daga *Yanayin Dan Adam.* Austin, Texas: Gidauniyar Hogg don Lafiyar Hankali, Jami'ar Texas, 1982. 
* Collins, Marva, da Civia Tamarkin. *Hanyar Marva Collins.* New York: Putnam, 1990. Gabatarwa daga Alex Haley . Bugu na 2. ISBN&nbsp; 
* Collins, Marva. *Yara Talakawa, Malamai Masu Ban Mamaki.* Norfolk, VA: Hampton Roads Pub. Co, 1992. ISBN&nbsp; 
* Collins, Marva. *Dabi'u: Haska kyandir na Kyau: Jagora Mai Amfani ga Iyali.* Los Angeles, CA: Dove Books, 1996. ISBN&nbsp; 

### Bidiyo

* Labaran CBS. *Marva.* *Minti 60.* New York: Fina-finan Carousel, 1979. OCLC&nbsp;
* Abokan Hulɗa da Dave Bell. *Nasara! Hanyar Marva Collins.* Wilmette, Ill: Cibiyar Lasisin Talabijin, 1984. OCLC&nbsp;
* Collins, Marva. *Ya Yi Kyau Da A Kasance Gaskiya?* *Minti 60.* New York: CBS Video, 1995. OCLC&nbsp; - bibiya har zuwa ainihin sashin *Minti 60* .
* Robbins, Anthony, Marva Collins, da Peter Lynch. *Maganganun Powertalk na Anthony Robbins! Ma'anar Ikon Rayuwa.* San Diego, CA: Anthony Robbins, 2004. OCLC&nbsp;
* Holzgang, Conrad, Clifford Campion, Peter Levin, Cicely Tyson, da Morgan Freeman . *Labarin Marva Collins* . Burbank, CA: Bidiyon Warner Home, 2008. ISBN&nbsp; 

## Kyaututtuka

* 1981: Kyautar Jefferson don Ayyukan Jama'a - Kyauta don Mafi Kyawun Ayyukan Jama'a da ke Amfani da Marasa galihu 
* 1981: Kyautar George Collins ta Ƙungiyar Baƙar fata ta Majalisa 
* 1982: Kyautar Zinare ta Kwalejin Nasara ta Amurka 
* 2004: Kyauta ta Ƙasa ga Bil Adama - Mai lambar yabo ta ƙasa ga Bil Adama 
* Alpha Kappa Alpha - Mamba mai daraja a cikin ƙungiyar Alpha Kappa Alpha 

## Manazarta