Masu gudanarwa na Wikipedia

A Wikipedia, ana iya naɗa editoci masu aminci da ƙwarewa a matsayin **masu gudanarwa** (wanda kuma ake kira **admins**, **sysops** ko **masu gyara** ) ta hanyar al'ummar gyara,  bayan samun nasarar buƙatar shugabanci. A halin yanzu akwai admins 826 a Wikipedia ta Ingilishi . Masu gudanarwa suna da wasu gata na fasaha waɗanda wasu editoci ba sa samu, kamar ikon karewa da goge shafuka da kuma toshe masu amfani daga gyara shafuka.

A Wikipedia, zama shugaba sau da yawa ana kiransa "a ba shi [ko ɗaukar] mop",  kalma ce da aka yi amfani da ita a wasu wurare.  A shekarar 2006, *[[New York Times|Jaridar New York Times]]* ta ruwaito cewa masu gudanarwa a Wikipedia, waɗanda a lokacin akwai kusan 1,000, "suna da bambancin yanki".  A watan Yulin 2012, an ba da rahoton cewa Wikipedia "tana ƙarewa da masu gudanarwa", domin a shekarar 2005 da 2006, mutane 40 zuwa 50 galibi ana naɗa su masu gudanarwa kowane wata, amma a rabin farko na 2012, jimilla tara ne kawai aka naɗa.  

Duk da haka, Jimmy Wales, wanda ya kafa Wikipedia, ya musanta cewa wannan rikici ne ko kuma cewa Wikipedia na ƙarewa da admins, yana mai cewa, "Yawan admins ya kasance daidai tsawon kimanin shekaru biyu, babu abin da ke faruwa."  Wales a baya (a cikin wani saƙo da aka aika zuwa jerin aika saƙonnin Wikipedia na Ingilishi a ranar 11 ga Fabrairu, 2003) ta bayyana cewa zama admin "ba babban abu ba ne", kuma "Batun fasaha ne kawai cewa ikon da aka bai wa sysops ba a bai wa kowa ba." 

A cikin littafinsa na 2008 *mai suna Wikipedia: The Missing Manual*, John Broughton ya bayyana cewa yayin da mutane da yawa ke ɗaukar masu gudanarwa a Wikipedia a matsayin alkalai, ba wannan ne manufar rawar ba.  Madadin haka, ya ce, masu gudanarwa galibi suna " share shafuka " da "kare shafukan da ke cikin gyaran yaƙe-yaƙe".  Masu gudanarwa a Wikipedia ba ma'aikata ko wakilan Gidauniyar Wikimedia ba ne. 

## Buƙatun gudanarwa
Duk da cewa Jimmy Wales ne ya naɗa masu gudanarwa na farko a Wikipedia a watan Oktoba na 2001,  yanzu ana ba da damar masu gudanarwa a Wikipedia ta hanyar wani tsari da aka sani da buƙatun gudanarwa (RfA).  Masu gyara da aka yi wa rijista na iya zaɓar kansu, ko kuma su nemi wani edita ya yi hakan. Andrew Lih, masanin kimiyya kuma farfesa wanda shi kansa mai gudanarwa ne a Wikipedia ta Ingilishi, ya ce tsarin "kamar sanya wani a Kotun Koli ne". Lih ya kuma ce, "Wani abu ne mai ban tsoro a wannan lokacin", sabanin yadda tsarin ya yi aiki a farkon tarihin Wikipedia, lokacin da abin da kawai mutum zai yi don zama shugaba shine "tabbatar da cewa ba kai ba ne bozo". 

Ana la'akari da takarar wannan matsayi ne kawai bayan "yin aiki mai yawa akan wiki".  Ba kamar yawancin Wikipedia ba, wanda ke amfani da yanke shawara bisa ga yarjejeniya, RFA a zahiri kuri'a ce, kodayake wasu ƙuri'u za a iya watsi da su idan sakamakon ya kusa ko kuma aka yi jayayya a kai. An bayyana ƙuri'ar a matsayin "tsarin gina yarjejeniya", amma a zahiri waɗanda suka fi 75% goyon baya za su wuce, waɗanda ke ƙasa da 65% za su gaza, kuma waɗanda ke tsakanin suna cikin "yankin raba gardama" kuma ana iya ƙara tattaunawa da su daga *ma'aikatan* Wikipedia, wani rukuni na masu izini na gaba waɗanda aikinsu shine tantancewa da aiwatar da yarjejeniya a wasu yanayi.  &#x5B; ** &#x5D; Wannan wataƙila an aiwatar da shi ne sakamakon RfAs da ke jawo hankali sosai: Stvilia et al. sun ambato cewa "Kafin tsakiyar 2005, RfAs yawanci ba sa jawo hankali sosai. Tun daga lokacin, ya zama ruwan dare ga RfAs su jawo hankalin adadi mai yawa na ƙungiyoyin RfA waɗanda duk suna goyon bayan junansu".  Adadin ƙuri'u mafi yawa a cikin RfA ɗaya, har zuwa watan Mayu 2022, shine 468: Masu amfani 340 sun goyi bayan RfA na editan Tamzin kuma 116 sun yi adawa da shi, a tsakiyar cece-kuce kan sukar da ɗan takarar ya yi wa magoya bayan Donald Trump . 

Ma'aikatan ofis suna da ikon fasaha na ba da damar edita ko cire damar shiga kayan aikin gudanarwa. Ma'aikatan ofis kuma ana "amincewa da su ta hanyar amincewa da al'umma". 

## Matsayi
Da zarar an ba wa mai gudanarwa gata, mai amfani yana da damar samun ƙarin ayyuka domin ya yi wasu ayyuka.  Waɗannan sun haɗa da "aikin tsaftacewa mara kyau",  ba wa wasu editoci ƙarin haƙƙoƙin amfani,  share labaran da aka ɗauka ba su dace ba, kare shafuka (takura gata ga gyara ga wannan shafin),  da kuma toshe asusun masu amfani da ke kawo cikas.   Toshe mai amfani dole ne a yi shi bisa ga manufofin Wikipedia kuma dole ne a faɗi dalilin toshewar, wanda software ɗin zai yi rajista har abada.   Amfani da wannan dama don "samun fa'idodin gyara" ba a ɗaukarsa a matsayin bai dace ba. 

## Nazarin kimiyya
Wani takarda ta kimiyya ta 2013 da masu bincike daga Virginia Tech da Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute suka fitar ta gano cewa bayan an ɗaukaka editoci zuwa matsayin shugaba, sau da yawa suna mai da hankali kan labarai game da batutuwa masu rikitarwa fiye da yadda suka yi a da. Masu binciken sun kuma gabatar da wata hanya ta daban don zaɓar masu gudanarwa, inda ake ba da ƙarin nauyi ga kuri'un editoci masu ƙwarewa. Wannan ya yi daidai da tsarin zaɓen jama'a . Wata takarda, wadda aka gabatar a taron 2008 kan Abubuwan da ke Sa Dan Adam a Tsarin Kwamfuta, ta yi nazarin bayanai daga dukkan buƙatun gudanarwa 1,551 daga Janairu 2006 zuwa Oktoba 2007, tare da manufar tantance wanne (idan akwai) daga cikin sharuɗɗan da aka ba da shawarar a cikin Jagorar Wikipedia zuwa buƙatun gudanarwa [2] sune mafi kyawun hasashen ko mai amfani da ake magana a kai zai zama shugaba. [3] A watan Disamba 2013, masu bincike daga Cibiyar Fasahar Bayanai ta Poland-Japanese da ke Warsaw ta buga irin wannan binciken, wanda ke da nufin yin kwaikwayon sakamakon buƙatun gudanarwa akan Wikipedia ta Poland ta amfani da samfurin da aka samo daga tarihin gyara Wikipedia. Sun gano cewa za su iya "rarraba ƙuri'un da ke cikin hanyoyin RfA ta amfani da wannan tsarin tare da matakin daidaito wanda ya isa ya ba da shawarar 'yan takara."

## Nassoshi