Yaƙin Kosturino

**Yaƙin Kosturino** yaƙin Yaƙin Duniya ne da aka yi tsakanin 6 da 12 ga Disamba 1915. An yi yaƙi a matakin farko na Yakin Makidoniya, a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Balkans . A ranar 6 ga watan Disamba, sojojin Bulgeriya sun kai hari kan ramukan Faransa da Birtaniya a Kosturino, a lokacin wani bangare ne na Masarautar Serbia (Yarzuwan Makidoniya ta Arewa). Kodayake an gudanar da hare-haren farko, a ranar 8 ga watan Disamba, Bulgaria ta sami damar shiga cikin kwarin Memesli. Daga nan sai Bulgaria ta kwace Crete Simonet, don haka ta yi barazanar tsallakewa da Allies. Rashin nasarar Entente a Kosturino ya haifar da cikakken janyewar sojojin Allied daga Serbia, don haka ya ba da damar Ƙasashen Tsakiya su gina layin dogo na Berlin zuwa Constantinople. A halin yanzu, Allies sun mai da hankali kan karfafa tsaron su a Girka.

## Gabatarwa

A ranar 28 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1914, kisan gillar magajin Austro-Hungary mai suna Archduke Franz Ferdinand ya haifar da sanarwar yaki da Austria-Hungarian da Serbia. Rikicin nan da nan ya jawo hankalin dukkan manyan kasashen Turai, wanda ya sanya manyan kasashe na tsakiya a kan Haɗin gwiwar Entente kuma ya fara yakin duniya na farko. Bayan shigar da Daular Ottoman cikin yakin a gefen manyan kasashe (Nuwamba 1914), muhimmiyar mahimmanci a cikin Balkans ya zama halin Bulgaria. Bulgaria ta dauki matsayi mai mahimmanci a gefen Serbia, kuma shiga tsakani a kowane bangare na masu fafatawa zai zama mai mahimmanci. Bulgaria da Serbia sun yi yaƙi sau biyu a cikin shekaru talatin da suka gabata: a cikin Yakin Serbo-Bulgaria na 1885 da Yaƙin Balkan na Biyu na 1913. Bulgaria ta sha kashi a 1913, kuma gwamnatin Bulgaria da mutane gabaɗaya sun ji cewa Serbia ta sace ƙasar da ta dace ta Bulgaria. Duk da yake Allies za su iya ba Bulgaria ƙananan yankuna daga Serbia da Girka mai tsaka-tsaki, alkawuran da suka shafi Tsakiyar Tsakiya sun fi jan hankali, suna ba da damar ba da mafi yawan ƙasar, wanda Bulgaria ta yi ikirarin. Tare da shan kashi na Allied a Yaƙin Gallipoli (Afrilu 1915 zuwa Janairu 1916) da kuma shan kashi na Rasha a Gorlice-Tarnów (Mayu zuwa Satumba 1915) yana nuna Ƙarfin Tsakiya Tsakiya, Sarki Ferdinand ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya tare da Jamus kuma a ranar 21 ga Satumba 1915 Bulgaria ta fara tattarawa don yaki.

Bayan nasarar sojojin Serbia a Yaƙin Kolubara a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1914, gaban Serbia ya ga kwanciyar hankali har zuwa farkon kaka na shekara ta 1915. A karkashin umurnin Field Marshal Agusta von Mackensen, Sojojin Balkan na Austro-Hungary, Sojoji na 11 na Jamus da jiragen ruwa a kan Danube da Sava sun fara kai farmaki a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1915, mafi girman kai farmaki kan Serbia. A watan Satumbar 1915, duk da hadaya mai yawa na sojojin Serbia, Sojojin Balkan na Austro-Hungary, bayan sun haye kogin Sava da Drina da Sojojin Jamus na 11 bayan sun hambarar da Danube, sun mamaye Belgrade, Smederevo, Požarevac da Golubac, suna samar da babbar gada a kudancin kogin Sava le Danube, kuma sun tilasta sojojin Serbia su janye zuwa kudancin Serbia. A ranar 15 ga Oktoba 1915, sojojin Bulgarian guda biyu sun kai hari, sun mamaye rukunin Serbia, sun shiga kwarin kogin Kudancin Morava kusa da Vranje har zuwa 22 ga Oktoba 1915. Sojojin Bulgarian sun mamaye Kumanovo, Štip, da Skopje kuma sun hana janyewar sojojin Serbia zuwa iyakar Girka da Salonika.[1]

## Manazarta