Hakkin LGBT a Zambia

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, da transgender (LGBT) mutane a Zambia suna fuskantar manyan kalubale da ba mazauna LGBT ba suka fuskanta. Yin jima'i na jinsi ɗaya ba bisa ka'ida ba ne ga maza da mata a Zambia.Tsohon mulkin mallaka na Daular Burtaniya, Zambia ta gaji dokoki da tsarin shari'a na masu mulkin mallaka a kan 'yancin kai a shekarar 1964. Dokokin da suka shafi luwadi sun kasance ba su canza ba tun daga wannan lokacin, kuma luwadi an rufe shi da Dokokin sodomy waɗanda suka haramta jima'i da dabbobi. Halin zamantakewa game da mutanen LGBT galibi ba shi da kyau kuma yana da launi ta hanyar ra'ayi cewa luwadi ba shi da ɗabi'a kuma wani nau'i ne na hauka. Koyaya, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ƙarni na matasa sun fara nuna halin kirki da buɗe zuciya ga takwarorinsu na LGBT. 

'Yan sanda da hukumomi suna fuskantar keta haƙƙin ɗan adam ga mutanen LGBT. Da yake an kama su da kuma tsare su, suna fama da tashin hankali da cin zarafi a tsare. An bayar da rahoton cewa 'yan sanda suna barazana da kuma karkatar da mutanen LGBT. Wadanda ake gurfanar da su saboda halayyar jinsi guda suna fuskantar amfani da jarrabawar hanci don dalilai na tattara shaidu. Irin waɗannan hanyoyin suna da haɗari da damuwa kuma suna da lahani sosai daga hukumomin kiwon lafiya da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam; an lalata su don manufar samar da duk wata shaida game da ayyukan jima'i na jinsi ɗaya. 

Sauran nuna bambanci da cin zarafin al'umma masu tsanani ana mayar da su ga mutanen LGBT. Ana iya yin amfani da su barazanar, bin diddigin, lalata, tashin hankali, da sauran Laifukan ƙiyayya, gami da kisan kai. Mutanen LGBT suna fuskantar cin zarafin al'umma da nuna bambanci, ba tare da samun taimako daga 'yan sanda ko gwamnati ba.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, farawar intanet ya haifar da ƙarin goyon baya da ra'ayoyi masu kyau ga al'ummar LGBT. Saurin ƙididdigar ƙasar ya haifar da fallasawa ga mutane da yawa da labaru daga bangarori daban-daban na rayuwa. Wannan kuma ya haifar da halin budewa tsakanin matasa masu girma wanda ke rage nuna bambanci da nuna bambanci tsakanin mutane na al'ummomi daban-daban.

## Dokoki
Ayyukan jima'i na jinsi guda sun haramta ta Sashe na 155 da 156 na dokar azabtarwa ta Zambia (kamar yadda aka gyara 1933 kuma aka soke shi kuma aka maye gurbinsa da Dokar No. 15 na 2005).[lower-alpha 1] Dokar ta haramta aikata laifuka ta jima'i ta jima'in jinsi guda, tare da hukunci a kan hukunci don shiga cikin "ayyukan da suka saba wa tsari na yanayi" na shekaru goma sha biyar zuwa ɗaurin rai da rai. Hukunce-hukunce a ƙarƙashin ƙaramin tuhuma na "mummunan lalata" yana ɗauke da hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru goma sha huɗu.

### Laifukan "ba na halitta ba"
Sashe na 155 ("Unnatural Offences") ya haramta jima'i na ɗan luwaɗi a matsayin Laifi wanda za'a iya hukunta shi ta hanyar ɗaurin kurkuku wanda ya kasance daga shekaru goma sha biyar, har zuwa hukuncin rai da rai.

Sashe na 156 ya sanya ɗaurin shekaru bakwai don kowane ƙoƙari "na aikata kowane laifi da aka ƙayyade a sashe ɗari da hamsin da biyar".

### Ayyuka masu kyau
Ƙananan laifi na "al'amuran lalata tsakanin mutane iri ɗaya" shine "duk wani mummunan aiki" wanda namiji ya aikata tare da namiji [s. 158, § (1) ] ko mace ta aikata tare da wata mace [s. Wadannan laifuka suna jawo hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru bakwai zuwa goma sha huɗu.

Kodayake ba a tsara takamaiman hukunci na laifi ba, Sashe na 158, § (3) [lower-alpha 1] kamar yadda aka gyara a cikin 2005, [lower'alpha 2] shine don tsara duk wani jima'i tsakanin yara, yana amfani da: 

Babu irin wannan tanadin doka a cikin dokar azabtarwa wanda ke rufe halayyar jima'i tsakanin kananan yara na kishiyar jinsi.

## Ƙuntatawa kan bayar da shawarwari
Gwamnatin Zambiya ba ta ba da izinin kare hakkin LGBT ba;  duk da haka, kotuna sun tabbatar da 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki.  Duk da haka, a cikin rahoton su na 2021, ƙarshen Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka shine: "Yanci na faɗar albarkacin baki ko taron zaman lafiya kan al'amuran LGBTQI + ya kasance babu shi. "

A cikin 1998, a cikin wata sanarwa ga Majalisar Dokokin Zambia, Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Christon Tembo ya yi kira ga kama mutanen da ke inganta haƙƙin ɗan luwaɗi, yana mai nuna bukatar "kare ɗabi'ar jama'a".. Global Rights and International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission. Submission to United Nations Human Rights Council: Universal Periodic Review - Zambia - Reference Documents. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 June 2022. Shugaba Frederick Chiluba ya bayyana luwadi a matsayin "marasa Littafi Mai-Tsarki" da kuma "a kan yanayin ɗan adam".Daga baya, Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida Peter Machungwa ya ba da umarnin kama duk wani mutum ko rukuni da ke ƙoƙarin yin rajistar ƙungiyar kare hakkin ɗan luwaɗi. Herbert Nyendwa, mai rejista na al'ummomi, ya bayyana cewa zai ki yin rajistar kowace kungiya ta LGBT ko Ƙungiyar jama'a.

### ''Mutanen da Paul Kasonkomona''
An kalubalanci ƙuntatawa kan bayar da shawarwari ga haƙƙin LGBT a Kotunan Zambia a cikin 2013, bayan wani mai fafutukar haƙƙin ɗan adam ya bayyana a shirin tattaunawar talabijin. A lokacin shirin, mai fafutuka ya yi kira ga kawar da luwadi a Zambia,  da amincewa da haƙƙin 'yan tsiraru na jima'i,  da kuma yaduwar kwayar cutar kanjamau don a yi yaƙi da ita tsakanin kungiyoyin' yan tsiraru.  Bayan shirin, 'yan sanda sun dakatar da mai fafutuka, sun tsare shi a kurkuku da dare, kuma sun zarge shi da karfafa jama'a su shiga cikin ayyukan lalata. Daga baya aka tuhumi mai fafutuka da "halayyar rashin tsari a karkashin Sashe na 178 (g) na Dokar Shari'a, na Dokokin Zambia".  

Mai fafutuka ya kalubalanci tuhumar a kotu ta hanyar yin tambaya game da ma'anoni uku da aka tuhume shi: (1) "roƙo", (2) "sararin jama'a", da (3) "ma'anar lalata".   A matakin farko na kotun, Kotun Majalisa, alƙalin ya yanke hukunci a madadin mai fafutuka kuma ya bayyana maganganun mai fafutukar sun nuna aikin 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki. Gwamnati ta kalubalanci shawarar.

A cikin Babban Kotun, bangaren shari'a ya yanke hukuncin cewa gwamnati ba za ta iya tabbatar da cewa ba za a iya la'akari da sa hannun mai fafutuka a cikin muhawara ba saboda kiran mai fafutukar ba ya ci gaba kuma ba ya dauke da wani matsin lamba. Kotun ta amince da cewa za a iya ɗaukar shirin talabijin a matsayin "wurin jama'a". Kotun ba ta yarda da gwamnati ba cewa maganganun mai fafutuka don "ma'anar lalata" ne saboda mai fafutukar ba ya ƙarfafa mutane su shiga cikin ayyukan jima'i amma don kare mutane daga lahani. Bugu da ƙari, Babban Kotun ta ci gaba da yanke hukuncin cewa mai fafutuka yana amfani da haƙƙinsa na 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki.

## Manazarta