Sojojin Ƴancin Afirka ta Mauritania

**Sojojin 'Yanci na Afirka na [[Muritaniya|Mauritania]]** (Faransanci: Forces de Libération Africaines de Mauritanie; ta rage ) kungiya ce ta ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma ta gudun hijira ga 'yan asalin Baƙar fata da mazaunan Mauritania .

## Tushe
An kafa FLAM a shekara ta 1983 (wanda Ibrahima Moctar Sarr ya kafa) yayin da tashin hankali ya karu tsakanin kabilun biyu biyo bayan mummunar zalunci na siyasa, rashin kwanciyar hankali da sake fasalin ƙasa mai rikitarwa da aka kafa a karkashin gwamnatin soja ta Col. Mohamed Khouna Ould Heidalla. Kungiyar ta amince, amma ba ta fara ba, juyin mulki, kuma an haramta shi da sauri. A shekara ta 1986, ta wallafa Manifesto of the Oppressed Black Mauritanian, wanda ya ba da cikakken bayani game da nuna bambanci ga Gwamnati, kuma ya bukaci a hambarar da "Beidane System" (Beidane sunan harshen Larabci ne ga ƙwararrun Moorish masu magana da Larabci). Yin aiki a matsayin ƙungiya ta karkashin kasa da ba bisa ka'ida ba a Mauritania, tare da manyan yankunan ƙarfinta a yankunan kudancin ƙasar (ƙasar Senegal da Mali), kuma musamman a tsakanin mutanen Helpulaar, jagorancin FLAM yana da hedikwatar a Dakar da Paris. Ya ci gaba da himmatu ga lalata "Beidane System", yana zargin gwamnatocin Mauritania da ke da rinjaye na Moorish da kafa wani nau'i na " wariyar launin fata", kuma ya shiga cikin ayyukan 'Yan tawaye a kudancin kasar.

## Abubuwan da suka faru a shekarar 1989
Rikicin tsakanin kungiyar da magajin Heidalla Shugaba Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya ya karu zuwa mafi girma a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1989, lokacin da takaddamar kan iyaka da makwabta ta kudancin Senegal ta haifar da yaduwar tashin hankali na kabilanci a yankunan iyaka, da kuma rushewar dangantakar da ke tsakanin kasashen biyu da rikice-rikicen soja tsakanin kasashen biyu. A cikin waɗannan abin da ake kira "1989 events", dubban Black Mauritanians (yawanci na 'yan tsiraru na Helpulaar) an tilasta su haye Kogin Senegal; Moors a Senegal sun gudu ta wata hanya. FLAM ta karbi kuma ta shirya 'yan gudun hijirar Mauritania a Senegal, wanda ya karfafa ƙarfin motsi. Tare da goyon bayan Senegal, motsi ya kara gwagwarmayar makamai tare da ci gaba da kai hare-hare a kan iyaka a kwarin Kogin Senegal. Rikicin ba zai ƙare ba har sai 1991-92. Yawancin 'yan gudun hijira daga baya sun dawo, amma sama da' yan gudun hijirar Black Mauritanian 20,000 sun kasance a Senegal, kuma abubuwan da suka faru sun sanya alama ta dindindin a dangantakar Mauritanian-Senegalese.

## Bayan sauyawa na 2005
Bayan juyin mulkin Col. Ely Ould Mohamed Vall a watan Agustan shekara ta 2005, gwamnatin rikon kwarya ta bayyana cewa gwamnatin da aka zaba mai zuwa za ta magance batun sake zama da 'yan gudun hijira da zarar sun sami iko. A cikin tsammanin canje-canjen da aka yi alkawari, wani bangare na masu gyarawa na FLAM (FLAM-Renovation) ya rabu da babban kungiyar don shiga cikin sauyin siyasa na Mauritania. Babban reshe na FLAM bai koma kasar ba, yana jiran warware batutuwan da ba su da kyau wanda, a ganinsa, zai ba shi damar taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin siyasa. Gwamnatin Sidi Ould Sheikh Abdallahi, wanda aka zaba a shekara ta 2007, ta fara shirye-shirye don karɓar sauran 'yan gudun hijira tare da taimakon UNHCR a lokacin rani na wannan shekarar.

## Ƙarin karantawa

* Lance Kinne, "The Benefits of Exile: The Case of FLAM", The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 4]  (Disamba 2001), shafi na 597-621.&nbsp;

## Haɗin waje

* Shafin hukuma na FLAM (a Faransanci)
* FLAM Ofishin Turanci na Amurka 
** FLAM Radio (Windows Media Player da ake buƙata)