Leonard Jeffries

**Leonard Jeffries Jr**. (an haife shi a watan Janairu 19, 1937) masanin kimiyyar siyasar Amurka ne kuma tsohon malami. Ya kasance shugaban sashen Nazarin Baƙar fata a Kwalejin City na New York, wani ɓangare na Jami'ar City na New York (CUNY). An haife shi kuma ya girma a Newark, New Jersey. Shi ne kawun Shugaban marasa rinjaye na Majalisar Dokokin Amurka Hakeem Jeffries da masanin tarihin Jami'ar Jihar Ohio Hasan Kwame Jeffries.

An san shi da ra'ayin sa na Pan-African Afrocentrist cewa rawar da mutanen Afirka ke takawa a tarihi da kuma nasarorin da 'yan Afirka suka samu sun fi mahimmanci fiye da yadda ake gudanar da su, Jeffries ya bukaci a rage tsarin karatun makarantun gwamnati a matsayin kasa da Eurocentric. Shi ne wanda ya kafa darakta kuma tsohon mataimakin shugaban kasa kuma shugaban kungiyar Nazarin Al'adun gargajiyar Afirka (ASCAC).

Ikirarin Jeffries na cewa ’yan kasuwa Yahudawa sun ba da kuɗin cinikin bayi na Atlantic kuma sun yi amfani da masana’antar fina-finai don cutar da baƙar fata, kuma cewa turawa “masu ƙanƙara ne” yayin da baƙar fata “masu rana” ne, sun sami karɓuwa a ƙasa a farkon shekarun 1990. An sallami Jeffries daga matsayinsa na shugaban Sashen Nazarin Baƙar fata na CUNY, wanda ya haifar da doguwar yaƙin shari'a wanda ya ƙare tare da kotuna da ke tabbatar da haƙƙin kwalejin na cire shi daga matsayin saboda kalamansa masu tayar da hankali.

## Aikin ilimi
Jeffries ya halarci Kwalejin Lafayette don aikinsa na digiri. A Lafayette, ya yi alƙawarin, kuma an yarda da shi cikin, ƴan uwantaka Pi Lambda Phi. A cikin babban shekararsa, an zaɓi Jeffries shugaban ƙungiyar 'yan'uwan. Bayan kammala karatunsa da karramawa a shekarar 1959, ya samu lambar yabo ta Rotary International zuwa Jami'ar Lausanne da ke Switzerland. A cikin 1961, ya fara karatu a Makarantar Harkokin Kasa da Kasa ta Jami'ar Columbia, daga nan ya sami digiri na biyu a 1965.

A lokaci guda, Jeffries ya yi aiki da Operation Crossroads Africa, wanda ya ba shi damar yin lokaci a Guinea, Mali, Senegal, da Ivory Coast. Ya zama mai kula da shirye-shirye na yammacin Afirka a 1965. Jeffries ya zama malamin kimiyyar siyasa a City College of New York (CCNY) a 1969 kuma ya sami digiri na uku a Jami'ar Columbia a 1971 tare da karatun digiri a kan siyasa a Ivory Coast. Ya zama shugaban kafa na Black Studies a San Jose State College a California. Bayan shekara guda, ya zama farfesa a CCNY kuma shugaban sabon Sashen Nazarin Baƙar fata.

Jeffries ya jagoranci Sashen Nazarin Baƙar fata na CCNY sama da shekaru ashirin, yana ɗaukar malamai masu tunani iri ɗaya da ƙoƙarin faɗaɗa adadin malamai da ɗalibai a cikin ko alaƙa da sashin. A lokacin aikinsa, sashen ya dauki nauyin / shiryawa / shirya manyan tarurruka da tarurrukan kasa da kasa guda 25. Bayan gudanarwa da koyarwa, Jeffries sau da yawa yakan yi balaguro zuwa Afirka kuma ya yi aiki a Ƙungiyar Nazarin Al'adun Gargajiya ta Afirka, ƙungiyar da ke neman fayyace da haɓaka horon Nazarin Baƙar fata.

## Cire a matsayin shugaba da yaƙin shari'a (1990s)
A cikin 1992, Jeffries ya fara rage wa'adinsa daga shekaru uku zuwa ɗaya, sannan aka cire shi a matsayin shugaban sashen nazarin Afirka-Amurka, amma an ba shi izinin zama a matsayin farfesa. Ya kai karar makarantar, kuma a watan Agusta 1993 wani juri na tarayya ya gano cewa an tauye hakkinsa na Farko. Amma an sake nada Jeffries gaba ɗaya a matsayin kujera. An ba shi diyya $400,000 (daga baya an rage shi zuwa $360,000).

Makarantar ta daukaka kara, amma kotun daukaka kara ta tarayya ta amince da hukuncin tare da cire diyya. An kirkiro Cibiyar Bincike ta CUNY akan Al'ummomin kasashen waje a Amurka da Caribbean don yin binciken baƙar fata ba tare da sashin Jeffries ba. Edmund W. Gordon ne ya jagoranta, wanda ya jagoranci Sashen Nazarin Baƙar fata kafin a dawo da Jeffries.

A cikin Nuwamba 1994, Kotun Koli ta gaya wa kotun daukaka kara da ta sake tunani bayan hukuncin Kotun Koli mai alaka.[17] Kotun daukaka kara ta soke hukuncin ta a watan Afrilu 1995, [18] kuma a watan Yuni, an zabi Farfesa Moyibi Amodo don ya gaji Jeffries a matsayin shugaban sashen.

## Manazarta