Ebrahim Ebrahim

**Ebrahim Ismail Ebrahim** OLG (1 Yuli 19376 Disamba 2021) ɗan Afirka ta Kudu mai fafutukar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata ɗan asalin Indiya ne wanda ya kasance memba na reshen Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Tsakiya da ke ɗauke da makamai uMkhonto we Sizwe*.* An yi masa shari'a a cikin shari'ar sabotage na Pietermaritzburg a shekarar 1963 kuma an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 15 a kurkukun Tsaro mafi girma na Robben Island.

Wanda aka fi sani da Ebie, ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan majalisa a zaɓen gwamnati ta farko ta Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1994, sannan kuma ya kasance mataimakin ministan harkokin ƙasa da ƙasa na ƙasar tsakanin shekarun 2009 zuwa 2014.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Ebrahim a Durban a cikin shekarar 1937 ga iyayensu, Hafeeza da Mohammed Adam Modan, 'yan asalin Indiya. Mahaifinsa ɗan asalin Gujarat ne kuma ya yi tafiya zuwa Afirka ta Kudu a shekara ta 1933, yayin da aka haifi mahaifiyarsa a Afirka ta Kudu. Mahaifinsa ya ɗauki sunan suna Ibrahim daga dangin da suka yi tafiya tare da su zuwa Afirka ta Kudu.  

Kakarsa ce ta ɗauki nauyin karatun Ebrahim bayan da hukumomi suka hana shi shiga makarantar firamare, inda ta bayyana cewa makarantun ɗaliban Indiya sun cika kuma ba za su iya shigar da shi ba. Wannan ya ci gaba har tsawon shekaru biyar har ya kai shekaru goma. Daga nan ya shiga makarantar da gwamnati ke tallafawa Cibiyar Hindu Tamil Institute. 

## Gwagwarmaya da aiki
Ebrahim ya fuskanci jawabai daga shugabannin jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC) da Natal Indian Congress (NIC) a lokacin da ya halarci tarukan su a Durban yana ɗan shekara 13. A wannan lokacin an gabatar da shi cikin fafutuka da ke yaki da wariya ga Indiyawa a cikin ƙasar.  Ya kasance mai sha'awar gwagwarmayar juriya ta Mahatma Gandhi, kuma ya halarci tarurrukan da shugaban ANC Albert Luthuli yayi magana. 

Ebrahim ya shiga kungiyar yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata ta hanyar shiga NIC a shekarar 1952 a lokacin yakin Defiance.  A wannan shekarar, ya zama memba na ANC Youth League. A matsayinsa na memba na NIC ya zama wakilin Majalisar Jama'a wanda ya amince da Yarjejeniya ta 'Yanci a shekarar 1955.  

Ya ci gaba da zama mamba a jam’iyyar ANC mai dauke da makamai, *[[Umkhonto we Sizwe|Umkhonto We Sizwe]]* a shekarar 1961 kuma ya kasance memba a kungiyar da ta yi zagon kasa a faɗin ƙasar.   Daga baya zai ce kisan kiyashin da aka yi a Sharpeville a shekarar 1960, inda 'yan sandan Transvaal suka harbe masu zanga-zanga 69, ya canza ra'ayinsa game da hanyoyin lumana na zanga-zangar da kuma tsayin daka, wanda ya kai shi shiga cikin reshen jam'iyyar ANC mai dauke da makamai. 

An kama shi a cikin shekarar 1963 a ƙarƙashin dokar Sabotage.   An yi masa shari'a a Kotun Sabotage na Pietermaritzburg wanda ya haɗa da wasu masu fafutuka 18 kuma an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 15 a gidan yari na Tsibirin Robben. Zamansa a gidan yarin ya zo daidai da lokacin da wasu fitattun masu fafutuka ciki har da Nelson Mandela ke cikin kurkuku guda.  A lokacin da yake gidan yari, na wani ɗan ƙanƙanin lokaci ya raba gidan sa da Jacob Zuma, wanda daga baya zai zama shugaban ƙasar. 

Ebrahim zai rubuta a cikin tarihinsa daga baya game da cin zarafi, azabtarwa, da wahala da ake yi a gidan yari yana mai cewa, "A gidan yari an yi mana hari, an kashe mu, an saka mu cikin rigar sanyi, an yi mana rantsuwa kuma an wulakanta mu ta mafi girman wulakanci. Duk da haka, ya yi amfani da lokacinsa a gidan yari don samun digiri na jami'a guda biyu, Bachelor of Arts da Bachelor of Commerce, daga Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu.  

An saki Ebrahim daga gidan yari a shekarar 1979, tare da sharadin cewa ba zai shiga duk wani harkokin siyasa ba,  kuma ya bi umarnin ANC na yin hijira a shekara mai zuwa.  Duk da haka, an sake kama shi a cikin shekarar 1989 saboda dasa nakiyoyi a gonakin fararen fata a Swaziland (yanzu Eswatini) a 1986, tare da wasu mutane biyu. Jami'an wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu ne suka sace shi daga Swaziland tare da yanke masa hukuncin daurin shekaru 20 a gidan yari, kuma a tsibirin Robben.    An saki Ibrahim a shekarar 1991; Satar da aka ce ya sabawa doka tunda ya faru ne a wajen kasar Afirka ta Kudu. 

Ebrahim ya kasance wani ɓangare na gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta farko ta dimokiraɗiyya a cikin shekarar 1994,  na farko a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa, sannan kuma a matsayin mai ba da shawara, yana taimakawa wajen sasanta rikici tsakanin Falasɗinawa  da Isra'ila, Jamhuriyar Demokraɗiyyar Kongo da Ruwanda, kuma a Nepal, Bolivia, Kosovo, da Burundi.  A matsayinsa na mai shiga tsakani a rikicin Isra'ila da Falasɗinu  ya ba da shawarar samar da tsaka-tsaki tsakanin kungiyoyin Falasɗinu da dama. Ya gana da shugaban kungiyar 'yantar da Falasɗinawa  Yasser Arafat a shekara ta 2001 a yammacin gabar kogin Jordan. A shekara ta 2002, yana cikin rukunin 'yan Afirka ta Kudu da suka yi kira da a ƙauracewa Falasɗinawan Isra'ila tare da yin kira da a kakabawa gwamnatin Isra'ila takunkumi.  A cikin shekarar 2010, ya yi kira da a kawo ƙarshen "tsarkake Falasɗinawa daga Kudus" tare da lura da cewa "Rikicin Isra'ila da Falasdinu (ya kasance) da farko game da 'yancin rayuwa cikin mutunci". 

An naɗa shi mataimakin ministan harkokin waje a shekarar 2009 kuma ya yi aiki na tsawon shekaru shida tsakanin shekarun 2009 zuwa 2014.  Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mamban kwamitin zartarwa na ƙasa na Majalisar Wakilan Afirka sama da shekaru 26 tsakanin shekarun 1991 da 2017.  Ya wakilci mazaɓar Chatsworth a cikin KwaZulu-Natal. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Ebrahim, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Ebie,  ya haɗu da matarsa Shanon née Field, jami'in Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, a cikin shekarar 1998. Ma’auratan sun yi aure a shekara ta 2000 kuma sun sami ɗa da ’ya mace. Ya kuma sami wata 'yar daga dangantakarsa ta farko da wata jami'ar Amurka Julia Wells.   

Ebrahim ya kasance masoyin wakar fina-finan Indiya, yana sauraron mawaƙa da suka haɗa da Lata Mangeshkar, Mohammed Rafi, Kishore Kumar, da Geeta Dutt. An lura cewa lokacin da yake ƙarƙashin ƙasa a tashoshin rediyo na duba ayyukan rediyo, ciki har da Rediyo Moscow, Muryar Amurka, Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Afirka ta Kudu, da BBC, zai sami kansa yana sauraron All India Radio yana sauraron kiɗan fina-finan Indiya.  Lokacin da fursunonin da aka tsare a tsibirin Robben aka ba su damar zaɓar kiɗa don watsa shirye-shiryen, zai zaɓi kiɗan Bollywood don rikitar da masu kula da kurkuku.  Ya kuma kasance mai sha'awar ayyukan marubucin Soviet Nikolai Ostrovsky. 

Ebrahim ya mutu a ranar 6 ga watan Disamba, 2021 a gida a Johannesburg. Yana da shekaru 84.  Lardin Gauteng ne ya yi masa jana'iza a makabartar Westpark. 

## Manazarta

## Kara karantawa

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## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Ibrahim Ismail Ibrahim: Mai Juyin Juya Hali a SAHistory.org.za
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