Kungiyar Dalibai ta Yammacin Afirka

**Kungiyar daliban Afirka ta Yamma (WASU)**, wacce aka kafa a Landan, Ingila, a cikin 1925 kuma tana aiki har zuwa 1960s,  ƙungiya ce ta ɗalibai daga ƙasashe daban-daban na Afirka ta Yamma waɗanda ke karatu a Burtaniya .

## Asalin
An kafa WASU a ranar 7 ga Agusta 1925 ta daliban shari'a ashirin da daya, karkashin jagorancin Ladipo Solanke da Herbert Bankole-Bright .   Solanke ya kafa ƙungiyar ci gaban Najeriya (NPU), don ɗaliban London waɗanda ke da asalin Najeriya, shekarar da ta gabata. Tare da goyon bayan Amy Ashwood Garvey, ta fara kamfen don inganta jin daɗin duk ɗaliban Afirka a London, da kuma ɗaukar matakai daban-daban don ci gaba a ƙasashen Afirka da Birtaniyya ta yi wa mulkin mallaka. 

A farkon 1923, Solanke ya ba da shawarar cewa Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Afirka (USAD), ƙungiyar zamantakewar Kirista ta mamaye dalibai daga West Indies (kuma wadda ta girma daga farkon Yammacin Afirka ta Yamma da Yammacin Indiyawan Kiristanci, wanda aka kafa a 1917),  ya kamata ya haɗa kansa a cikin National Congress of British West Africa (NCBWA). A cikin 1925, Bankole-Bright na NCBWA ya yi kira ga USAD, NPU, African Progress Union da kuma Gold Coast Students Association (GCSA) da su haɗa kai don kafa ƙungiya ɗaya ga ɗaliban Afirka ta Yamma, wanda Ƙungiyar Dalibai Indiya ta yi wahayi. Dalibai da dama ne suka hadu suka kafa WASU, sannan Solanke ya zama sabon sakatare-janar na kungiyar, yayin da JB Danquah ya zama shugaban kungiyar na farko. JE Casely Hayford shi ne majiɓinci na farko na ƙungiyar, wanda ya yi amfani da shi wajen haɓaka kishin ƙasa na Afirka . 

Sabuwar kungiyar ta ba da fifikon farko wajen adawa da sandar kala, yayin da ta hada da inganta binciken siyasa, tallafawa NCBWA da samar da masaukin dalibai a manufofin kafa. 

WASU ta fara buga wata mujalla, *Wasu*, a cikin Maris 1926. Solanke da Julius Ojo-Cole sun rubuta mafi yawan labarai a cikin abin da aka yi niyya a matsayin wallafe-wallafen masana, wanda aka watsa a Turai da Afirka. 

Manufar kafa dakunan kwanan dalibai an dauki kai tsaye daga USAD da NPU. Daliban Afirka da yawa a Biritaniya sun gano cewa, saboda wariyar launin fata, yana da wuya a sami matsuguni masu gamsarwa. Yayin da Ofishin Mulkin Mallaka ya nuna sha'awar kafa irin wannan masaukin baki, WASU ta himmatu wajen ci gaba da kula da aikin, kuma a cikin 1929, Solanke ya tafi yawon neman tallafi ta yammacin Afirka. Duk da haka, Ofishin Mulkin Mallaka ya haɗa wani kwamiti na sirri don tsara wani masaukin da ke ƙarƙashin ikonsa, kuma ya yi ƙoƙarin samun kuɗi na sirri don gina shi.  Wannan ya zama gidan Aggrey, wanda WASU ya fallasa a cikin ƙasidarsu mai suna *The Truth About Aggrey House - Bayyanar Shirin Gwamnati na Sarrafa Daliban Afirka a Biritaniya* . 

WASU ta kuma gudanar da wasu yakin neman zabe a Biritaniya. A cikin 1929, ya sami nasarar dakatar da shirye-shiryen nunin ƙauyen Afirka a Newcastle, wanda yake jin zai zama abin amfani. An dauki wannan kamfen a Majalisa ta Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Burtaniya (CPGB) Dan Majalisar Wakilai Shapurji Saklatvala . A cikin 1930s, ƙungiyar ta haɓaka haɓaka haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙungiyoyin gurguzu, kamar League Against Imperialism (LAI) da Negro Welfare Association, musamman a cikin yaƙin neman zaɓe a kan mashaya launi da kuma mamayar Italiya na Habasha . 

Yayin da yake Afirka, Solanke ya kafa fiye da rassa ashirin na WASU, a cikin Gold Coast, Najeriya, Saliyo da Kongo Belgian . Duk da yake waɗannan ƙungiyoyin ba su da ɗan lokaci, sun kafa mambobi na farko na Ƙungiyar Matasan Najeriya da taron matasa na Gold Coast . 

## Ayyuka a cikin 1930s
A shekara ta 1932, lokacin da Solanke ya koma Biritaniya, *Wasu* sun daina bayyana, kuma membobinsu sun fadi a cikin takaddama tsakanin 'yan Najeriya da Gold Coast. Duk da haka, ya tara isassun kuɗi don buɗe masauki a Camden a cikin Maris 1933 mai suna "Africa House". Baya ga samar da matsuguni ga dalibai, dakunan kwanan dalibai ya kuma ba da dakuna ga baƙi na yammacin Afirka zuwa London, kuma yana da kayan bincike a yammacin Afirka. Sabon hostel din bai yi wani abu ba wajen sasanta rigingimun da ke tsakanin kungiyar ta WASU, kuma ana zargin Solanke da almubazzaranci da kudade a lokacin da yake Afrika, da kuma yunkurin sarrafa sabbin gidajen. Kusan dukkan mambobin kungiyar daliban Gold Coast (GCSA) sun fice daga WASU, har ma William Ofori Atta ya kasa shawo kan lamarin. 

Ofishin Mulkin Mallaka ya ƙudiri aniyar buɗe masaukin abokan hamayya, inda za a iya sa ido kan tattaunawar siyasa da kuma karaya. WASU ta yi adawa da shirin, kuma ta kafa "Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya", ciki har da Reginald Bridgeman na LAI, wanda kuma ya sami goyon bayan Majalisar 'Yancin Jama'a ta kasa da Paul Robeson, wanda aka ba shi lakabi "Babasale of the Union". Aggrey House ya buɗe a cikin Oktoba 1934, amma kauracewa jagorancin WASU ya bar shi ba tare da cikawa ba,  har sai da Ofishin Mulkin Mallaka ya ba wa WASU amincewa a hukumance da tallafin kuɗi don tafiyar da gidan Afirka. A cikin matsalolin kuɗi, WASU ta karɓi yarjejeniyar, kuma ta karɓi kuɗi daga kungiyoyi irin su Kamfanin United African . 

A cikin 1937, Ƙungiyar Manoman Ƙasa ta Gold Coast ta rubuta wa Solanke, tana neman taimakonsa don karya kashin koko na Cadbury's da UAC. Tare da 'yan majalisar wakilai na jam'iyyar Labour Reginald Sorensen da Arthur Creech Jones, WASU sun yi yakin neman goyon bayan 1938 na Gold Coast Cocoa, inda kananan manoma suka yi yunkurin matsawa kamfanonin ta hanyar kawo cikas ga kayansu. Kamfen din ya kuma gamsar da mafi yawan mambobin GCSA da su koma WASU.

A cikin Yuli 1938, tare da tallafi daga gwamnatocin Afirka ta Yamma daban-daban da kamfanoni na Burtaniya, WASU ta buɗe sabon masauki, a dandalin Camden . Hakan kuma ya magance matsalolin kudi na kungiyar, tare da ba ta damar zage damtse wajen yakin neman zabe. Kungiyar ta WASU ta kara bayyana a matsayin kungiyar masu adawa da mulkin mallaka, kuma ta yi kira da a samar da matsayi na mulki da zaben gama gari ga kasashen yammacin Afirka. Clement Attlee ya gabatar da jawabi ga kungiyar inda ya ba da shawarar cewa yarjejeniyar Atlantic za ta shafi dukkan kasashe, tare da amincewa da manufofin WASU yadda ya kamata, amma Winston Churchill ya dage cewa cin gashin kansa kawai zai shafi kasashen Turai. 

## Ayyuka a Shekarun 1940s
A shekarar 1942, WASU ta shirya "Kwamitin Majalisar Dokokin Yammacin Afirka", wanda Sorensen ya jagoranta. Haka kuma ta fitar da kira na neman 'yancin cin gashin kai na ciki na gaggawa ga yankunan mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya a Yammacin Afirka, wanda za a bi da 'yancin kai cikakke cikin shekaru biyar bayan ƙarshen yaƙin. Harold Macmillan da kansa ya ziyarci Gidan Africa House domin kare matsayar gwamnatin Birtaniya.

Tasirin WASU a Yammacin Afirka ya ƙara ƙaruwa, inda ƙungiyar Ɗaliban Najeriya da Ƙungiyar Ɗaliban Saliyo suka haɗu da ita. WASU ta kuma wakilci Ƙungiyar Malaman Najeriya a cikin Birtaniya. Tare da alaƙarta da harkar ƙwadago ta Najeriya, WASU ta kasance babbar mai goyon bayan yajin aikin gama-gari na Najeriya na shekarar 1945.

A tsakiyar shekarun 1940s, Solanke ya koma Yammacin Afirka domin ci gaba da neman tallafi, inda H. O. Davies ya zama Sakataren Janar na riko. WASU ta kuma haɗu da World Youth Movement, sannan a shekarar 1946 ta gudanar da taron haɗin gwiwa da West African National Secretariat na Kwame Nkrumah. Wannan taron ya amince da tsari na adawa da mulkin mallaka da kuma tsarin zamantakewar gurguzu. Nkrumah ya kuma zama Mataimakin Shugaban WASU. A shekara ta gaba, WASU ta bukaci a yanke shawara kai tsaye kan 'yancin kai ga yankunan Yammacin Afirka, tare da sukar gwamnatin Labour saboda kasa cika wannan buri.

## Shekarun Ƙarshe
Solanke ya dawo daga Yammacin Afirka a ƙarshen shekarun, dauke da isasshen kuɗi don bude sabon masauki a Chelsea Embankment. Sai dai, ya samu sabani da shugabancin WASU, inda kowanne ɓangare ke zargin ɗayan da almubazzaranci, kuma a 1949 ya sauka daga mukamansa a ƙungiyar. A zaɓen shugabancin WASU na 1951, ya shirya jerin sunaye masu adawa da gurguzu, wanda ya gaza karɓar mulki daga jagororin gurguzu irin su Joe Appiah da Ade Ademola. A 1952, WASU ta yanke shawarar rufe masaukinta na Camden, amma Solanke ya karɓe ikon sa maimakon haka.

WASU ta haɗu da International Union of Students (IUS) tun daga kafuwarta, kuma mambobinta na halartar World Festival of Youth akai-akai. Ko da yake National Union of Students of the United Kingdom ta fice daga IUS a 1952, WASU ta ci gaba da kasancewa memba.

A 1952, WASU ta fara wallafa *WASU News Service*, a matsayin sabon jarida mai bayyananniyar ra'ayin Marxist da zai maye gurbin *Wasu*. Bayan samun karin matsalolin kudi, ta sayar da masaukinta a Chelsea Embankment kuma ta bude sabon mai rahusa a Warrington Crescent a 1956. A cikin wannan shekarar, ta gudanar da babban sauyi cikin tsari kuma ta zartar da kuduri na nesanta kanta daga kowace kungiya ta siyasa. A 1958, ta shiga cikin Committee of African Organisations kuma ta rasa muhimmancinta, sai dai ta ci gaba da kasancewa cikin aiki har zuwa farkon shekarun 1960s. National Union of Nigerian Students na daga cikin kungiyoyin da aka kafa sakamakon rushewar WASU.

## Gado
A 2004, an kafa sabon West African Students' Union da ke zaune a Ghana don haɗa kungiyoyin ɗalibai a fadin yankin. Yana bayyana kansa a matsayin maido da tsohuwar ƙungiyar cikin tsari.

Haka kuma, bisa shigar da kwarin gwiwa daga asalin West African Students' Union, The WASU Project na ƙoƙarin rubuta tarihin Yammacin Afirkawa a Birtaniya, musamman wadanda suka yi fafutukar kawo ƙarshen mulkin mallaka da kuma nuna wariyar launin fata a cikin ƙarni na 20, ta hanyar gabatar da bayanai, hotuna da kuma fim dangane da WASU.

## Manazarta