Robert Hanssen

**Robert Philip Hanssen** (18 ga Afrilu, 1944 - 5 ga Yuni, 2023) ya kasance wakilin Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya Amurka (FBI) wanda ya yi leken asiri ga ayyukan leken asiri na Soviet da Rasha a kan Amurka daga 1979 zuwa 2001. Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Amurka ta bayyana aikin leken asiri a matsayin "watakila mafi munin bala'in leken asiri na tarihin Amurka".

A shekara ta 1979, shekaru uku bayan ya shiga FBI, Hanssen ya kusanci Babban Daraktan leken asiri na Soviet (GRU) don bayar da ayyukansa, ya fara aikin leken asiri ya farko, har zuwa 1981. Ya sake fara ayyukan leken asiri a shekarar 1985 kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa 1991, lokacin da ya ƙare sadarwa a lokacin rushewar Tarayyar Soviet, yana tsoron za a fallasa shi. Hanssen ya sake fara sadarwa a shekara mai zuwa kuma ya ci gaba har sai an kama shi. A duk lokacin da yake leken asiri, ya kasance ba a san shi ba ga Rasha.

Hanssen ya sayar da kusan takardu dubu shida ga KGB wanda ya ba da cikakken bayani game da dabarun Amurka a yayin Yaƙin nukiliya, ci gaba a cikin fasahar makamai na soja, da kuma fannoni na shirin leken asiri na Amurka. hana leken asiri a lokaci guda da Aldrich Ames a cikin Hukumar leken asiri ta tsakiya (CIA). Dukansu Ames da Hanssen sun lalata sunayen jami'an KGB da ke aiki a asirce ga Amurka, wasu daga cikinsu an kashe su saboda cin amanarsu kuma wannan jami'in NKVD, Victor Cherkashin ne ke gudanar da su. Hanssen ya kuma bayyana wani Ramin sauraro na miliyoyin daloli wanda FBI ta gina a karkashin Ofishin Jakadancin Soviet. Bayan kama Ames a shekara ta 1994, wasu daga cikin wadannan laifuffuka sun kasance ba a warware su ba, kuma binciken wani ɗan leƙen asiri ya ci gaba. FBI ta biya dala miliyan 7 ga wakilin KGB don samun fayil a kan wani ɓoye wanda ba a san shi ba, wanda FBI daga baya ta gano shi a matsayin Hanssen ta hanyar yatsa da nazarin murya.

An kama Hanssen a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, 2001, a Foxstone Park,  kusa da gidansa a Washington, DC unguwar Vienna, Virginia, bayan ya bar kunshin kayan da aka rarraba a wani wuri mai mutuwa. An tuhume shi da sayar da takardun leken asiri na Amurka ga Tarayyar Soviet sannan kuma Rasha don sama da dala miliyan 1.4 a tsabar kudi, lu'u-lu'u da Rolex suna kallo sama da shekaru ashirin da biyu. Don kauce wa hukuncin kisa, Hanssen ya yi ikirarin aikata laifuka 14 na leken asiri da kuma daya daga cikin makirci don yin leken asiri.   An yanke masa hukuncin rai da rai 15 ba tare da yiwuwar sallama ba kuma an tsare shi a kurkuku a ADX Florence har zuwa mutuwarsa a 2023. 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Hanssen a Birnin Chicago, Illinois, ga dangin Lutheran da ke zaune a unguwar Norwood Park .  Mahaifinsa, Howard (ya mutu a shekara ta 1993),  Jami'in 'yan sanda na Chicago, an yi zargin cewa yana da mummunar zalunci ga Hanssen a lokacin yaro.  Hanssen ya kammala karatu daga Makarantar sakandare ta William Howard Taft a 1962 kuma ya halarci Kwalejin Knox a Galesburg, Illinois, inda ya sami digiri na farko a ilmin sunadarai a shekarar 1966. 

Hanssen ya nemi aikin cryptography a Hukumar Tsaro ta Kasa bayan kammala karatunsa na kwaleji amma an ƙi shi saboda matsalolin kasafin kuɗi. Ya shiga makarantar likitan hakora a Jami'ar Arewa maso Yamma,  amma ya sauya mayar da hankali ga kasuwanci bayan shekaru uku.  Hanssen ya sami MBA a cikin lissafi da tsarin bayanai a cikin 1971 kuma ya ɗauki aiki tare da kamfanin lissafi. Ya bar bayan shekara guda kuma ya shiga Sashen 'yan sanda na Chicago a matsayin mai binciken Harkokin cikin gida, ƙwararre a lissafin lissafi. A watan Janairun 1976, Hanssen ya bar 'yan sanda na Chicago don shiga Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI). 

Hanssen ya sadu da Bernadette "Bonnie" Wauck, mai tsayin daka na Roman Katolika, yayin da yake halartar makarantar likitan hakora a Arewa maso yamma. Ma'auratan sun yi aure a shekara ta 1968, kuma Hanssen ya tuba daga addinin Lutheran zuwa Katolika.

## Ayyuka da leken asiri

### Ayyukan FBI da ayyukan leken asiri na farko (1976-1981)
Bayan ya zama wakili na musamman a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1976, an tura Hanssen zuwa ofishin FBI a Gary, Indiana. A shekara ta 1978, shi da iyalinsa masu girma na yara uku (daga baya shida) sun koma Birnin New York lokacin da ofishin ya tura shi ofishinsa a can. A shekara ta gaba, an sauya Hanssen zuwa leken asiri kuma an ba shi aikin tattara bayanan leken asiri na Soviet don FBI.

A shekara ta 1979, Hanssen ya kusanci Babban Daraktan Lantarki na Soviet (GRU) kuma ya ba da ayyukansa. Bai taba nuna wani dalili na siyasa ko akida ba don ayyukansa, yana gaya wa FBI bayan an kama shi cewa kawai dalilinsa shine kudi. A lokacin da ya fara aikin leken asiri, Hanssen ya ba da bayanai masu yawa ga GRU, gami da cikakkun bayanai game da ayyukan FBI da kuma jerin wadanda ake zargi da jami'an leken asiri na Soviet. Mafi mahimmancin ɓoye-ɓoye shi ne cin amanar Dmitri Polyakov, mai ba da labari na CIA wanda ya ba da bayanai masu yawa ga masu leken asirin Amurka yayin da yake hawa zuwa matsayin janar a cikin Sojojin Soviet. Bayan cin amanar CIA ta biyu Aldrich Ames a 1985, an kama Polyakov a 1986 kuma an kashe shi a 1988. An zargi Ames da ba da sunan Polyakov ga Soviets, yayin da ba a bayyana yunkurin Hanssen ba har sai bayan kama shi a shekara ta 2001.

### Rukunin leken asiri na FBI, ƙarin ayyukan leken asiri (1985-1991)

A cikin 1981, an tura Hanssen zuwa Hedikwatar FBI a Washington, DC, kuma ya sake komawa iyalinsa zuwa unguwar Vienna, Virginia. Sabon aikinsa a ofishin kasafin kudin FBI ya ba shi damar samun bayanai da suka shafi ayyukan FBI daban-daban. Wannan ya haɗa da duk ayyukan FBI da suka shafi sauraron waya da sa ido na lantarki, wanda shine alhakin Hanssen. Ya zama sananne a cikin FBI a matsayin gwani a kan kwamfutoci.

Shekaru uku bayan haka, Hanssen ya sauya zuwa sashin bincike na Soviet na FBI, wanda ke da alhakin nazarin, ganowa, da kuma kama 'yan leƙen asirin Soviet da ma'aikatan leken asiri a Amurka. Sashe na Hanssen ya kimanta jami'an Soviet waɗanda suka ba da kansu don ba da leken asiri don sanin ko su wakilai ne na gaskiya ko kuma masu sau biyu. A shekara ta 1985, an sake tura Hanssen zuwa ofishin FBI a Birnin New York, inda ya ci gaba da aiki a kan leken asiri a kan Soviets. Bayan canja wurin, yayin da yake ziyarar kasuwanci zuwa Washington, ya ci gaba da aikin leken asiri.