Yaƙin Al-Qusayr na Biyu

**Yaki na biyu na  al-Qusayr** ya fara ne a ranar 19 ga watan Mayun 2013, a matsayin wani bangare na hare-haren na al-Qusayr, wanda aka kaddamar a farkon watan Afrilun shekara ta 2013 da sojojin Siriya da mayakan Hizbullah na Labanon suka kaddamar a lokacin yakin basasar Siriya,  da da nufin kwace kauyukan da ke kusa da garin al-Qusayr da ke hannun 'yan tawaye da kuma kai hari kan garin da kansa.  Yankin ya kasance mai matukar muhimmanci a matsayin hanyar samar da kayan aiki ga 'yan tawayen da ke yaki da dakarun gwamnatin Siriya a Homs  da kuma ga gwamnatin Siriya, kamar yadda yake tsakanin babban birnin kasar, Damascus, da gabar tekun Siriya, tungar magoya bayan Assad. 

Kafin kai farmakin dai, rundunar sojin saman Syria ta yi ta watsa wasu takardu a kan garin tana mai gargadin cewa dakarun gwamnati za su kai hari a birnin. Wannan ya sa dubban fararen hula suka gudu,  ko da yake mazauna 25,000 sun zauna.  Rundunar Sojin Free Syrian Army (FSA) Janar Salim Idris ya yi gargadin cewa za a yi kisan kiyashi idan Sojojin Siriya da Hizbullah za su karbe garin. 

A kwanaki na karshe na yakin dakarun Hizbullah da 'yan tawaye sun yi shawarwari kan shirin janyewa, inda 'yan tawaye da fararen hula za su iya ficewa daga garin ta wata karamar hanya ba tare da an kai musu hari ba.  A ranar 5 ga watan Yuni, bayan an kwashe makonni biyu ana gwabza fada, sojojin Syria da na Hizbullah sun sake kwace iko da al-Qusayr yayin da dakarun 'yan tawaye na karshe suka ja da baya.  Wani mai lura da al'amuran yau da kullum ya bayyana yakin a matsayin "yakin yakin basasar kasar." 

## Yakin

### Makon farko

A ranar 19 ga watan Mayu, bayan kwanciyar hankali na kwanaki biyu, da sanyin safiya, jiragen sama, manyan bindigogi da kuma rokoki sun yi ruwan bama-bamai, inda suka kashe mutane 20, ciki har da 'yan tawaye 11. Daga bisani kuma sojojin gwamnati da ke samun goyon bayan daruruwan mayakan Hizbullah, sun kutsa cikin birnin daga wurare da dama. An yi ta gwabza kazamin fada a kofofin shiga garin.    An ga jirage masu saukar ungulu suna tada bama-bamai a wata unguwa da ta lalace sosai a faifan bidiyo da aka saka a yanar gizo.  An yi arangama a wurare tara a cikin al-Qusayr da kewaye a cikin rana. 

Wata majiyar soji ta ce sojojin Syria sun shiga tsakiyar birnin da safiyar yau, inda suka kwace babban dandalin garin da kuma ginin karamar hukumarsa.  Wani mai fafutuka na adawa ya musanta cewa dakarun gwamnati sun samu nasara kuma ya bayyana cewa an riga an lalata ginin karamar hukumar watanni shida da suka gabata. Ya kuma bayyana cewa an lalata gidaje 17 a harin da aka kai da sanyin safiyar yau.  Sai dai kuma wani dan adawa a karshen wannan rana ya tabbatar da cewa Sojoji sun kwace ginin karamar hukumar kuma suna rike da kashi 60% na birnin. 

Sojojin gwamnati sun kai hari daga kudu, gabashi da arewa maso gabas. A cewar wani sojan, bayan kazamin fada da sauri suka kwace kudancin garin, da harabar gidan gari da kuma gine-ginen da ke kusa da su, inda suka yi gaba zuwa wajen yamma. A yayin farmakin dai sojojin sun dakile nakiyoyi da bama-baman da 'yan tawaye suka sanya a mashigar birnin.  Harin dai ya bai wa 'yan tawayen mamaki, inda suka yi tsammanin Sojoji za su ratsa arewacin kasar ta hanyar kai hari kan wasu kauyukan da ke karkashin ikon 'yan tawaye kafin su kai hari kan birnin. Mayakan kungiyar Hizbullah sun taso ne daga yankin Al Tal da ke yammacin kogin Assi, wanda ke da matsayi na kallon al-Qusayr. Mayakan 'yan tawaye da dama sun zargi wasu kwamandojin da tserewa daga yankin Al Tal bayan sun sayi hanyarsu ta ficewa daga al-Qusayr a daidai lokacin da aka fara kai hari a birnin. Rahotanni sun ce mayakan da dama sun yi nasarar karya shingen ne ta hanyar tserewa ta hanyar asirce zuwa Josiah da tsaunukan Qalamoun da ke kudu. Sai dai kuma da alama dakarun gwamnati sun gano hanyar tserewa kusan mako guda kafin nan kuma suka tare ta, inda suka kashe tare da jikkata wasu mayaka kusan 30.  A cewar hukumar ta FSA, kwamandan dakarun Hizbullah da ke jagorantar yakin al-Qusayr Mustafa Badreddine, wanda ake zargi da hannu a kisan tsohon firaministan Lebanon Rafik Hariri. "An tabbatar da cewa Mustafa Badreddine yana nan a gaban Qusayr inda yake jagorantar ayyukan Hizbullah", in ji sanarwar da FSA ta fitar. 

Wani mayakin kungiyar Hizbullah ya bayar da rahoton cewa, dakarunsu sun yi nasarar kawar da kashi biyu bisa uku na birnin, kuma suna tafiya zuwa yankin arewacin al-Qusayr, yayin da mayakan 'yan tawaye suka far musu daga baya, wanda a baya ba su gani ba. A wannan lokacin sun sami raunuka masu yawa, yawancinsu sun harbe a baya. 

Daga baya, a wani bincike da kamfanin dillancin labarai na *AP* ya yi, an gano cewa dakarun gwamnati sun kwace fiye da rabin birnin cikin sa'o'i da fara yakin, musamman yankunan kudu da gabashin al-Qusayr. 'Yan tawayen sun ci gaba da zama a yankunan arewaci da yammacin garin. 

Ya zuwa rana ta biyu na yakin, kafafen yada labaran kasar sun ce sun maido da “kwanciyar hankali” a gabashin garin, kuma har yanzu suna farautar ‘yan ta’adda a wasu yankunan arewaci da gabas. Yankunan da suka jera a matsayin suna karkashin ikon Sojoji sune: "Yankin filin wasa na gida, wasu sassa na yankin yamma, HQ, cibiyar al'adu, cocin, al-Baladyeh roundabout da al-Ghytta."  Wata majiyar 'yan adawa ta kuma ruwaito cewa fadan ya fi karkata ne a yankin arewacin birnin. 

SOHR ta ruwaito Sojojin sun kewaye kauyen al-Dab'a da ke arewacin birnin. SOHR ta ce an samu rahotanni masu karo da juna kan ko sojojin Syria na yaki a cikin birnin al-Qusayr ko a'a, amma rahotanni sun tabbatar da cewa suna taruwa a kusa da unguwar al-Qusayr da ke yammacin kasar "domin su yi wa birnin kawanya". . Ana kuma iya ganin wani bakar hayaki mai kauri daga wajen sansanin sojin sama dake arewacin birnin, yayin da dakarun gwamnati ke fafatawa domin kwato sansanin. 

Wani mai fafutuka ya yi ikirarin cewa an mayar da dakarun gwamnati da na Hizbullah zuwa sansanonin da suka fara a wajen birnin,  yayin da mai magana da yawun FSA ya yi ikirarin cewa rundunar ta FSA ce ta dakile yunkurin da dakarun gwamnati ke yi na shiga birnin, kuma ya zargi kungiyar. Sojojin Siriya sun yi amfani da manufofin da suka dace a lokacin yakin.  A sa'i daya kuma, wani dan adawar ya sake tabbatar da cewa dakarun gwamnati sun kwace ginin karamar hukumar da tsakiyar birnin tare da fatattakar 'yan tawaye daga mafi yawan Al-Qusayr.  Wani wakilin Aljazeera a Beirut shi ma ya ce da alama Sojoji ne ke iko da mafi yawan garin. 

A rana ta uku na fadan, an aike da dakarun Hizbullah daga kasar Lebanon ta kan iyaka zuwa al-Qusayr. SOHR ta ruwaito cewa an lalata yawancin garin a wannan lokaci.  SOHR ta kuma tabbatar da ita, a karon farko ana gwabza fada a cikin birnin. Yanzu dai an daina amfani da mayakan Hizbullah a matsayin sojoji na al'ada, maimakon haka suna rarrabuwar kawuna zuwa kananan kungiyoyi ana amfani da su a matsayin "yakin fake" kan 'yan tawayen da aka horar da su. 

Wani jami'in ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka, ya nakalto majiyar 'yan tawaye da dama, ya yi ikirarin cewa sojojin Iran na da hannu a yakin Al-Qusayr, ko suna fada ko a'a.  

A ranar 22 ga Mayu, George Sabra, shugaban SNC, ya ba da wani kira na ƙarfafawa da za a aika zuwa al-Quasyr yana mai cewa "Duk wanda ke da makamai ko alburusai ya aika da su zuwa Qusair da Homs don ƙarfafa juriya". An bayar da rahoton cewa, Birged Tauhidi Islama ta aika da ayarin motoci 30 zuwa al-Quasyr daga Aleppo. Bayan haka, Abu Firas na rundunar Tawid ya yi ikirarin cewa jimillar rukunan tallafi 300 ne suka isa birnin al-Qusayr, ya kara da cewa sun kuma aike da motar daukar marasa lafiya, da makamin yaki da jiragen sama da kuma harsasai.  SOHR ta bayar da rahoton cewa, dakarun 'yan tawaye daga garin Ind Shamseen da ke kokarin isa zuwa al-Qusayr, dakarun gwamnati sun yi musu kwanton bauna tare da kashe 'yan tawaye biyu.  Kwanaki bayan haka, wani dan adawa ya musanta cewa akwai wani karin taimako da ya isa birnin al-Qusayr, yana mai cewa "Babu wanda yake taimakon Qusair sai mutanensa". 

Wata majiyar 'yan tawayen ta ce dakarun gwamnati da na Hizbullah sun katse mafi yawan 'yan adawar kan hanyoyin samar da iskar gas zuwa cikin al-Qusayr, wasu kuma sun tabbatar da cewa sun yi imanin cewa sojojin gwamnati sun kwace kusan kashi 60 cikin 100 na birnin,  yayin da wani jami'in gwamnati ya yi ikirarin cewa sun mamaye birnin. zuwa kashi 80 na birnin.  Majiyoyin 'yan tawaye sun ce Sojojin na rike da kashi 40% na birnin, yayin da dakarun 'yan adawa ke rike da tsakiya da yammacin al-Qusayr. 

Dakarun gwamnati na ci gaba da taka-tsan-tsan a cikin kazamin fada da ya lalata birnin. An ba da rahoton cewa Morale a cikin Sojoji ya yi kaurin suna yayin da "labari ya bayyana" game da kisan kwamandan kungiyar al-Nusra Abu Omar. Kwamandojin soji a kasa sun ce yakin Qusayr bai yi nisa ba, kuma za a dauki karin mako guda kafin a kwato yankin arewacin Al-Qusayr inda 'yan tawaye suka yi kaka-gida. A halin da ake ciki dai har yanzu dakarun adawa na ci gaba da rike sansanin sojin sama na al-Dabaa.  An bayyana cewa, Sojojin sun gano matsugunan ‘yan tawaye da ke hade yankunan da ke kewayen garin.  Har ila yau Morale ya kasance babba a cikin mayakan Hizbullah, duk da cewa ya yi asarar dimbin maza. 

A ranar 24 ga watan Mayu ne 'yan tawaye suka kaddamar da farmaki inda suka ce sun kwato wurare uku daga hannun sojojin Siriya da mayakan Hezbollah. SOHR ta ruwaito cewa an kashe 'yan tawaye biyu.   Dakarun ‘yan tawaye a al-Qusayr sun hada da kwamandan ‘yan cin naman, Abu Sakkar, wanda ya shahara bayan ya bayyana a wani faifan bidiyo inda ya ci zuciyar wani sojan gwamnati da ya mutu.  An kuma bayar da rahoton cewa, a cewar majiyoyin masu goyon bayan gwamnati, sojojin na ci gaba da tunkaho a garin Hamidiya da ke kusa da su, a wani yunƙuri na katse layin da dakarun 'yan adawa suka yi na ƙarshe zuwa al-Qusayr.  Majiyar 'yan adawar ta musanta hakan inda wata jami'ar FSA ta ce an dakile harin da aka kai birnin ta hanyar Hamidiya.  Sai dai SOHR ta ce ana ci gaba da gwabza fada a Hamidiya.

Wani dan jarida na AFP ya ce an mayar da yankin gabashin birnin zuwa wani barikin soji. Wani jami’in soji ya shaida wa dan jaridan cewa Sojojin na cikin tsaka mai wuya na yakin. A cewar SOHR, Sojoji da kungiyar Hizbullah sun yi wa ‘yan tawayen kawanya tare da jefa bama-bamai a yankin arewacin garin, inda dakarun gwamnati ke murkushe mayakan ‘yan adawa a ciki, kamar yadda wani jami’in soji ya bayyana.  Wani jami'in ya bayyana cewa, an tsare 'yan tawayen ne a wani kusurwoyi uku da ke da alaka da Arjun, al-Dabaa da kuma arewacin al-Qusayr. Dakarun 'yan tawaye sun koma sansanin sojin sama na al-Dabaa. An bayyana tunkarar Sojojin a matsayin mai tafiyar hawainiya da tsari, tare da karbe karamin fili daga hannun 'yan tawaye tare da karfafa shi kafin su sake yin gaba. 'Yan ta'adda kadan ne suka kai wa 'yan tawayen, saboda kula da hanyoyin da gwamnati ke kewaye da su.  An sake tabbatar da hakan lokacin da wani mai fafutukar adawa a zahiri ya ce babu wani karin wasu karin da ya isa al-Qusayr kwata-kwata. 

Da gari ya waye a ranar 25 ga watan Mayu, Sojoji sun kaddamar da hare-hare mafi muni tun bayan fara yakin da makaman roka da tankokin yaki da suka afkawa al-Qusayr da kewayen 'yan tawayen, musamman Hamdiyeh da kuma sansanin sojin saman al-Dabaa dake arewaci.   Jirgin dai ya dauki tsawon sa'o'i shida zuwa bakwai inda aka kai harsashi 40 a cikin minti daya a garin.  Sojojin gwamnati sun kuma harba makamai masu linzami a sama biyu a yayin harin bam.  A cewar majiyoyin soji da kafafen yada labarai na kasar, sojojin sun kai hari ne ta hanyoyi uku a garin wanda ke tafiya da kyau wanda ya janyo hasarar ‘yan tawayen.  Wani mayakin kungiyar Hizbullah ya shaidawa kamfanin dilancin labaren Reuters cewa harin na ci gaba ne a hankali saboda kokarin da 'yan tawaye ke yi na hakar ma'adinan garin, inda mayakan ya ce hatta na'urorin na'urorin hakar firij ma ana hako su. 

An kuma bayar da rahoton cewa, dakarun gwamnati da na Hizbullah sun kutsa kai cikin shingen kariya na 'yan tawaye a sansanin sojin sama na Al-Dabaa daga arewa maso yammacin kasar, inda suka shiga wurin da ake ci gaba da gwabza fada a cewar rundunar.  SOHR ta ruwaito cewa ana gwabza fadan ne a kusa da sansanin, yayin da ‘yan tawaye ke ci gaba da rike shi, duk da cewa dakarun gwamnati na ci gaba da luguden wuta a wurin.  Daga cikin makaman da ake amfani da su har da na'urorin harba rokoki da dama . 

SOHR ta ce "za'a iya bayyana tsananin fadan da burin kungiyar Hizbullah ta samun maki kafin jawabin da shugabansu Hassan Nasrallah zai gabatar a yammacin yau", wanda ke bukin cika shekaru 13 da ficewar Isra'ila daga Lebanon.  ‘Yan tawayen Syria sun sha yin gargadin cewa za su kai farmaki kan yankunan Hizbullah da ke yankin Lebanon idan har ba su janye daga Syria ba, sun kuma yi kira ga gwamnatin Lebanon da ta dakatar da shiga tsakani na Hizbullah. 

A cewar shugaban SOHR, Rami Abdul Rahman, imaninsu ne cewa dakarun gwamnati ne ke iko da mafi yawan birnin, kuma suna zafafa kai hare-hare a sansanin sojin sama, duk kuwa da ikirarin da 'yan tawayen suka yi na samun nasarar dakile hare-haren Sojoji da Hizbullah a kan al-Qusayr.  Majiyar Hezbollah ta ce, a wannan lokaci dakarun soji da na Hizbullah ne ke iko da kashi 80 cikin 100 na birnin bayan kwace kashi 10 cikin 100 a rana. Ya kuma yi iƙirarin cewa an tsare hanyar da ke tsakanin Ba'albek na Lebanon da birnin Homs. 

### Mako na biyu
A ranar 27 ga Mayu, Yara Abbas, wata 'yar jarida ce 'yar kasar Siriya ta mutu sakamakon harbin da 'yan bindiga suka yi musu na sari-ka-noke a lokacin da suke ba da labarin fadan da ake yi a sansanin sojin sama, da ke arewacin al-Qusayr. 

Dakarun soji da na Hizbullah sun kwace garin Hamidiya bayan an gwabza kazamin fada. Fadan dai ya koma kauyen Haret al-Turkumen, wanda Sojoji ke kokarin kamawa domin sanya al-Qusayr cikin "cikakken kawanya".  Wani mai fafutukar 'yan adawa ya ce dakarun gwamnati sun kwace kashi biyu bisa uku na birnin, yayin da wani mai fafutuka ya ce Sojojin na hana dakarun 'yan tawaye isa al-Qusayr. Sojojin da ke kokarin kawar da matsin lamba a kan al-Qusayr, sun yi kaca-kaca da su a wajen birnin, wani mai fafutuka ya ce game da su, “Ya zuwa yanzu dai suna fada da mutuwa, harin nasu bai haifar da da mai ido ba. da yawa duk da haka abin takaici".  

A ranar 28 ga watan Mayu, faifan bidiyo na baya-bayan nan da 'yan tawaye suka fitar sun nuna cewa an daure dakarun Hizbullah da na Sojojin Siriya a gabashin birnin da kuma wajen wajen. Wani mai magana da yawun 'yan tawaye daga cikin birnin ya yi ikirarin cewa dakarun gwamnati sun kwace kashi 20% na birnin, wanda ya kunshi gine-ginen tsaro a yankin gabas, yayin da 'yan tawaye ke rike da sauran. Kakakin ya kara da cewa, a karon farko an bude wani gibi a kewayen garin na Hizbullah, wanda hakan ya ba su damar kwashe wasu daruruwa wadanda ba mayakan ba. 

Rami Abdul Rahman na SOHR ya shaida wa Al Jazeera sabon karin karfafa gwiwa "ya nuna cewa gwamnatin kasar na shirin kai wani gagarumin farmaki kan unguwannin arewa da yammacin garin da har yanzu ke karkashin ikon 'yan tawaye." 

Babban jami'in 'yan tawayen kasar Salim Idris ya bayyana cewa, idan har kungiyar tarayyar turai ba ta samar da sabbin kayan yaki ga dakarun 'yan adawa mayakansa na iya rasa iko da al-Qusayr a cikin kwanaki masu zuwa inda ya ce dakarun 'yan tawaye a birnin sun fi 3 zuwa 1. 

A ranar 29 ga watan Mayu ne sojojin saman Siriya suka kaddamar da hare-hare ta sama guda shida kan wasu sassan garin da har yanzu 'yan tawaye ke iko da su. Gwamnati ta karfafa harin da aka kai garin tare da manyan jami'an tsaro na Republican kuma Hezbollah ta kara kai hare-hare a garin. A cikin abin da, a cewar SOHR, ya bayyana ya zama farkon wani babban hari a garin. An kuma bayar da rahoton cewa mayakan sunni na kasar Labanon sun tsallaka kan iyaka zuwa kasar Syria domin yaki tare da 'yan tawaye a Qusayr.   An ga ayarin motocin tankokin yaki 40 da na'urori 40 suna kan hanyar zuwa Qusayr daga Damascus, ko da yake tare da 'yan tawaye suna kokarin dakile ayarin motocin.  A halin da ake ciki kuma an kai hare-hare ta sama kan ayarin motocin 'yan tawaye da ke kokarin isa birnin, inda suka kashe 'yan tawaye takwas.

A rebel doctor reported four incidents involving the deployment of chemicals that "made breathing difficult." Government forces had launched 10 air strikes on Qusayr and the nearby villages of Hamidiya. Three missiles were also fired at Qusayr which could, according to one fighter, "bring down a whole street."

## Manazarta