Thomas J. Hudner Jr.

**Thomas Jerome Hudner Jr.** (Agusta 31, 1924 - Nuwamba 13, 2017) wani jami'in sojan ruwan Amurka ne kuma ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa . Ya kai matsayin kyaftin, kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta girmamawa saboda ayyukan da ya yi na kokarin ceton rayuwar dan wasansa, Ensign Jesse L. Brown, a lokacin yakin Chosin Reservoir a yakin Koriya .

An haife shi a Fall River, Massachusetts, Hudner ya halarci Kwalejin Phillips a Andover, Massachusetts, da Kwalejin Sojojin Ruwa ta Amurka . Da farko bai sha'awar jirgin sama ba, daga karshe ya tashi ya shiga Fighter Squadron 32, ya tashi da F4U Corsair a lokacin barkewar yakin Koriya. Lokacin da ya isa kusa da Koriya a watan Oktoba 1950, ya tashi ayyukan tallafi daga jirgin saman USS Leyte .

A ranar 4 ga Disamba, 1950, Hudner da Brown na daga cikin gungun matukan jirgi da ke sintiri a kusa da tafkin Chosin, lokacin da sojojin kasar Sin suka bude wuta kan jirgin ruwan Corsair na Brown, kuma ya yi hadari. A yunƙurin ceto Brown daga jirgin da ya kona, da gangan Hudner ya yi karo da nasa jirgin a kan wani dutse mai dusar ƙanƙara a cikin yanayin sanyi don taimakawa Brown. Duk da wannan yunƙurin, Brown ya mutu sakamakon raunin da ya samu kuma Hudner ya tilasta wa barin jikin Brown a baya, saboda helikofta mai ceto ba zai iya tashi a cikin duhu ba kuma Hudner ya ji rauni a cikin saukowa.

Bayan faruwar lamarin, Hudner ya rike mukamai a cikin jiragen ruwa na sojojin ruwan Amurka da dama tare da na'urorin sufurin jiragen sama da dama, gami da takaitaccen lokaci a matsayin babban jami'in USS Kitty Hawk yayin yawon shakatawa a yakin Vietnam, kafin ya yi ritaya a 1973. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ya yi aiki da ƙungiyoyin tsoffin sojoji a Amurka. The Arleigh Burke -class jagorar lalata makami mai linzami USS Ana kiransa USS .

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Hudner Agusta 31, 1924, a Fall River, Massachusetts . Mahaifinsa, Thomas Hudner Sr., dan kasuwa ne dan asalin Irish wanda ke gudanar da jerin shagunan kayan abinci, Kasuwan Hudner.  An haifi ’yan’uwa uku daga baya, sunansu James, Richard, da Phillip. 

Hudner ya shiga babbar makarantar Phillips a Andover, Massachusetts, a cikin 1939.  Iyalinsa suna da dogon tarihi a makarantar, tare da mahaifinsa ya kammala karatunsa a 1911 da kawunsa, Harold Hudner, ya kammala karatunsa a 1921.  A ƙarshe, ƙananan yaran Hudner uku za su halarci makarantar kuma; James a 1944, Richard a 1946 da Phillip a 1954.  A lokacin da yake cikin makarantar sakandare, Thomas ya kasance mai aiki a kungiyoyi da yawa, yana aiki a matsayin kyaftin na ƙungiyar a cikin ƙungiyar waƙa ta makaranta da kuma memba na kungiyoyin kwallon kafa da lacrosse, jami'in aji, memba na majalisar dalibai, kuma mataimaki. mashawarcin gida. 

## Sana'a
Bayan harin da aka kai kan Pearl Harbor da shigar Amurka yakin duniya na biyu, Hudner ya ji jawabin shugaban makarantar Claude Fuess wanda daga baya ya ce ya zaburar da shi shiga aikin soja. Ɗaya daga cikin 10 daga Phillips don a yarda da shi zuwa makarantar kimiyya daga ajinsa, ya shiga Kwalejin Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka a Annapolis, Maryland, a 1943 kuma ya sauke karatu a 1946.   Amma a lokacin da aka ba shi aikin, yakin duniya na biyu ya ƙare.  Hudner ya halarci Kwalejin Naval tare da wasu manyan abokan karatunsa, ciki har da Marvin J. Becker, James B. Stockdale, Jimmy Carter, da Stansfield Turner . Ya buga wasan kwallon kafa a makarantar kimiyya, daga karshe ya zama dan wasan da ya fara gudu ga karamar kungiyar varsity . 

Bayan kammala karatun, Hudner ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in sadarwa a cikin jiragen ruwa da yawa.  A cikin shekarunsa na farko a soja, Hudner ya ce ba shi da sha'awar jirage. Bayan rangadin aiki na shekara guda a cikin jirgin ruwa mai nauyi na USS na  Helena, wacce ke aiki a bakin tekun Taiwan, ya koma wani matsayi a matsayin jami'in sadarwa a tashar jiragen ruwa na Naval Base Pearl Harbor inda ya yi aiki na wata shekara.  A shekara ta 1948, Hudner ya fara sha'awar sufurin jiragen sama, kuma ya nemi makarantar jirgin sama, yana ganin shi a matsayin "sabon kalubale". An yarda da shi zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na Naval Air Pensacola a Pensacola, Florida, inda ya kammala horon jirgin sama na asali, kuma an tura shi zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na Naval Air Corpus Christi a Texas, inda ya kammala horar da jirgin sama kuma ya cancanta a matsayin jirgin ruwa a watan Agusta 1949.  Bayan taƙaitaccen aika rubuce-rubuce a Lebanon, an sanya Hudner zuwa VF-32 a cikin jirgin dakon jirgin USS Leyte (CV-32), yana tuka F4U Corsair.  Daga baya ya ce ya ji daɗin wannan aikin, domin ya ɗauki Corsair a matsayin "aminci da kwanciyar hankali". 

### Yaƙin Koriya
A daren ranar 25 ga watan Yunin shekarar 1950, sassa goma na sojojin Koriya ta Arewa sun kaddamar da wani gagarumin farmaki kan makwabciyar kasar da ke kudu, wato Jamhuriyar Koriya . Sojojin na 89,000 sun yi tafiya cikin ginshiƙai shida, sun kama sojojin Jamhuriyar Koriya da mamaki, wanda ya haifar da cin zarafi. Ƙananan sojojin Koriya ta Kudu sun yi fama da rashin tsari da kayan aiki, kuma ba su shirya yaki ba.  Dakarun Koriya ta Arewa da suka fi karfin a lambobi sun lalata turjiya daga sojojin Koriya ta Kudu 38,000 da ke gaba kafin ta fara tafiya a hankali zuwa kudu.  Yawancin sojojin Koriya ta Kudu sun ja da baya a tunkarar mamayar.  'Yan Koriya ta Arewa sun yi nisa a kan hanyarsu ta zuwa birnin Seoul na Koriya ta Kudu cikin sa'o'i, lamarin da ya tilasta wa gwamnati da sojojinta da suka ruguza ja da baya zuwa kudancin kasar. 

Don hana rugujewar Koriya ta Kudu Kwamitin Sulhun Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya kada kuri'ar tura dakarun soji . Rundunar Sojojin Amurka ta Bakwai ta aika Task Force 77, karkashin jagorancin jirgin ruwan USS Valley Forge, da British Far East Fleet sun aika da jiragen ruwa da yawa, ciki har da , don samar da tallafin iska da na ruwa.  Duk da cewa sojojin ruwan sun killace Koriya ta Arewa tare da harba jiragen sama don jinkirta sojojin Koriya ta Arewa wannan yunkurin kadai bai hana sojojin Koriya ta Arewan na ci gaba da kai ruwa rana ba.  Daga baya shugaban Amurka Harry S.  Duk rundunan sojojin ruwan Amurka da jiragen ruwa gami da *Leyte* an sanya su cikin faɗakarwa.  Jirgin yana cikin Tekun Bahar Rum, kuma Hudner bai yi tsammanin za a tura shi zuwa Koriya ba, amma a ranar 8 ga watan Agusta, wani jigilar kayan agaji ya isa yankin kuma an umurci *Leyte* zuwa Koriya.  Kwamandojin sojojin ruwa sun ji matukan jirgin a *Leyte* sun fi horarwa da shirye-shirye fiye da na sauran jiragen da ake da su, don haka suna cikin wadanda aka fara aika zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo. *Leyte* ya tashi daga mashigar Gibraltar ta Tekun Atlantika zuwa Quonset, sannan ta hanyar Canal Panama da San Diego, California, Hawaii, da Japan kafin ya isa tekun Koriya a kusa da Oktoba 8.  

Jirgin ya hade da Task Force 77 a arewa maso gabashin gabar tekun Koriya, wani bangare ne na wasu jiragen ruwa 17 na rundunar sojojin Amurka ta Bakwai, ciki har da jirgin saman USS Tekun Philippine, jirgin yakin USS Missouri, da jirgin ruwa na USS Juneau .  Hudner ya yi jigilar mishan 20 a kasar.  Waɗannan ayyukan sun haɗa da hare-hare kan layukan sadarwa, yawan adadin sojoji, da kuma wuraren aikin soja a kusa da Wonsan, Chongpu, Songjim, da Senanju . 

Bayan shigar jamhuriyar jama'ar kasar Sin cikin yakin a karshen watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1950, an aike da Hudner da tawagarsa zuwa tafkin Chosin, inda aka gwabza kazamin yakin tsakanin X Corps (Amurka) da sojojin sa kai na jama'a na 9. Sojoji.  Kusan sojojin kasar Sin 100,000 ne suka yi wa sojojin Amurka 15,000 kawanya, kuma matukan jirgin a *Leyte* suna ta shawagi da dama na kud da kud a kowace rana don hana Sinawa mamaye yankin.  

A ranar 4 ga Disamba, 1950, Hudner na cikin wani jirgin sama shida da ke tallafawa sojojin kasa na Amurka Marine Corps, wadanda sojojin kasar Sin suka makale.  A 13:38, ya tashi daga *Leyte* tare da babban jami'in squadron Laftanar Kwamandan Dick Cevoli, Laftanar George Hudson, Laftanar Junior Grade Bill Koenig, Ensign Ralph E. McQueen, da Ba'amurke Naval Aviator na farko,  Ensign Jesse L. Brown, wanda shi ne wingman na Hudner.  Jirgin ya yi tafiyar  daga wurin Task Force 77 zuwa Tafkin Chosin, yana tashi daga mintuna 35 zuwa 40 a cikin tsananin lokacin sanyi zuwa kusa da kauyukan Yudam-ni da Hagaru-ri. Jirgin ya fara nemo wuraren da ake hari a gefen yammacin tafkin, inda ya rage tsayin su zuwa  a cikin tsari.  Sa'o'i uku na bincike da lalata aikin, wani yunkuri ne na binciken karfin sojojin kasar Sin a yankin.  

Ko da yake jirgin bai ga wani dan kasar Sin ba, da karfe 14:40 Koenig ya yi wa Brown rediyo da alama yana bin mai.  Watakila barnar ta samo asali ne sakamakon harbe-harbe da kananan makamai daga sojojin kasar Sin, wadanda aka san su suna fakewa cikin dusar kankara tare da yi wa jiragen da ke wucewa kwanton bauna ta hanyar harbe-harbe baki daya.  Akalla harsashi daya ya balle wani layin mai. Brown, ya rasa karfin man fetur kuma ya kasa sarrafa jirgin, ya jefar da tankunan man fetur na waje da rokoki kuma ya yi yunkurin saukar da jirgin a wani wuri mai dusar ƙanƙara a gefen dutse. Brown ya fado a cikin wani kwari mai siffar kwano a kusan

Hudner ya yi ƙoƙari a banza don ceto Brown ta hanyar koyarwa ta rediyo, kafin da gangan ya yi karo da jirginsa, ya gudu zuwa gefen Brown kuma yana ƙoƙarin yin kokawa da shi daga hadarin. Yayin da yanayin Brown ke kara ta'azzara da minti daya, Hudner ya yi yunkurin nutsar da gobarar jirgin cikin dusar ƙanƙara kuma ya janye Brown daga cikin jirgin, duk a banza. Brown ya fara zamewa a ciki kuma daga hayyacinsa, amma duk da cewa yana cikin matsanancin zafi, bai yi kuka ga Hudner ba.  Wani jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu ya isa da misalin karfe 15:00, kuma Hudner da matukinsa, Laftanar Charles Ward, sun kasa kashe gobarar injin da na’urar kashe gobara. A banza sun yi ƙoƙari su 'yantar da Brown da gatari na mintuna 45. Sun yi la'akari a taƙaice, bisa ga buƙatar Brown, yanke ƙafarsa da ta kama.  Brown ya rasa hayyacinsa na ƙarshe jim kaɗan bayan haka. Kalmominsa na ƙarshe da aka sani, waɗanda ya gaya wa Hudner, shine "ka faɗa wa Daisy ina sonta."   Jirgin mai saukar ungulu, wanda bai iya aiki a cikin duhu ba, an tilasta masa barin da dare tare da Hudner, ya bar Brown a baya. An yi imanin cewa Brown ya mutu jim kadan bayan raunin da ya samu da kuma tsananin sanyi. Babu wani sojan kasar Sin da ya yi barazana ga wurin, watakila saboda yawan iska da matukan VF-32 ke da shi. 

Hudner ya roki manyan jami'an da su ba shi damar komawa cikin tarkacen jirgin don taimakawa wajen fitar da Brown, amma ba a ba shi damar ba, saboda wasu jami'an sun ji tsoron wani harin kwantan bauna na jirage masu saukar ungulu wanda ya haifar da karin hasarar rayuka. Domin hana gawar da jirgin sama fadawa hannun China ko Koriya ta Arewa, sojojin ruwan Amurka sun yi ruwan bama-bamai da napalm a wurin da jirgin ya fado bayan kwanaki biyu; Ma'aikatan jirgin sun karanta Addu'ar Ubangiji ta rediyo yayin da suke kallon yadda harshen wuta ke cinye jikin Brown.  Matukin jirgin sun lura da alamun jikinsa ya baci kuma an sace masa tufafi, amma har yanzu yana makale a cikin jirgin. Ba a taɓa gano ragowar Brown da jirgin ba.  Brown shine jami'in sojan ruwan Amurka na farko da aka kashe a yakin.   

Lamarin da ya faru a ranar 4 ga Disamba ya hana Hudner har tsawon wata guda, yayin da ya raunata bayansa a sauka, raunin da ya ce ya ci gaba har tsawon 6.ku 8shekaru. Ya tashi ayyukan yaƙi guda 27 a lokacin yaƙin,  ya yi hidima a can har zuwa 20 ga Janairu, 1951, lokacin da aka juya *Leyte* zuwa Tekun Atlantika.  A ranar 13 ga Afrilu, 1951, Hudner ya sami Medal of Honor daga Shugaba Harry S. Truman, inda ya gana da gwauruwar Brown, Daisy Brown, a cikin wannan tsari. Su biyun sun kasance suna tuntuɓar juna na yau da kullun na akalla shekaru 50 bayan wannan taron.  Shi ne memba na farko da ya sami lambar yabo a lokacin yakin Koriya, kodayake wasu da yawa za su sami lambar yabo don ayyukan da suka faru kafin Disamba 4, 1950.  [a]

Hudner ya ce lokaci-lokaci ana sukarsa saboda abin da ya aikata, kuma "kusan 90" mutane sun gaya masa cewa ya yi sakaci. Kwamandojinsa sun lura cewa matakin nasa na iya jefa matukin jirgin sama cikin hatsari kuma ya sadaukar da jirgin sama, sukar Hudner daga baya ya ce bai sa ya yi nadamar shawarar da ya yanke ba, domin yana jin hakan wani mataki ne na lokaci-lokaci. Duk da haka, daga baya kwamandojin sun ba da umarnin hana matukan jirgi sauka a irin wannan hanya don kokarin ceton ’yan bindiga da suka fadi.  A cikin tunani daga baya, Hudner ya nuna cewa bai dauki kansa a matsayin jarumi ba saboda ayyukansa. 

### Daga baya aikin Navy
Bayan samun lambar yabo ta girmamawa, an tura Hudner zuwa Amurka kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai koyar da jirgin sama a tashar jirgin ruwan Naval Air Corpus Christi a Texas a 1952 da 1953. Bayan haka, ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaci na Kamfanin Carrier Division 3, wanda a lokacin yana cikin Task Force 77 kuma yana aiki a kusa da Japan, a 1953 da 1954. A cikin 1955 da 1956, ya yi aiki a Squadron Development Squadron 3 a tashar jiragen ruwa na Naval Air Atlantic City a New Jersey, inda ya tashi da jirage masu tasowa da na gwaji. A wannan lokacin, an horar da shi a kan jirgin sama mai amfani da injin jet . 

Tun daga watan Oktoban 1957, Hudner ya yi aiki a cikin shirin musaya tare da Sojan Sama na Amurka, yana tashi tsawon shekaru biyu tare da Squadron na Fighter-Interceptor na 60 a Otis Air Force Base a gundumar Barnstable, Massachusetts . A lokacin wannan aikin, ya tashi F-94 Starfire da F-101 Voodoo . Daga nan sai aka kara masa girma zuwa kwamanda kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki ga Babban Hafsan Sojan Ruwa har zuwa 1962, lokacin da ya halarci Kwalejin Yakin Sojan Sama a sansanin Sojojin Sama na Maxwell a Montgomery, Alabama . Bayan kammala karatunsa a watan Yuli 1963, ya koma aikin tashi sama kuma aka nada shi babban jami'in Fighter Squadron 53, ya tashi da F-8E Crusader a cikin USS Ticonderoga . Bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin babban jami'in gudanarwa, Hudner ya zama kwamandan VF-53. Bayan wannan aikin, an mayar da shi matsayi a matsayin Jami'in Horar da Jagoranci a ofishin Kwamanda, Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa, a Tashar Jirgin Ruwa ta Naval Air Island a Coronado, California . 

An kara Hudner mukamin kyaftin a 1965, yana karbar umarni na Training Squadron 24 a Naval Air Station Chase Field a Bee County, Texas, wanda ya ba da umarni a 1965 da 1966. A 1966 ya aka sanya zuwa USS Kitty Hawk, na farko a matsayin mai kewayawa, sannan a matsayin jami'in gudanarwa na jirgin. *Kitty Hawk* ya tura a bakin tekun Kudancin Vietnam a cikin 1966 da 1967, yana ƙaddamar da ayyuka don tallafawa yakin Vietnam, kuma ya yi aiki a cikin jirgin yayin wannan balaguron amma bai ga yaƙi ba kuma ba ya tashi da kansa. A cikin 1968, an sanya shi a matsayin jami'in gudanarwa na sashin ayyukan ayyukan jiragen sama na kudu maso gabashin Asiya na sojojin ruwa na Amurka.  A wannan shekarar, ya auri Georgea Smith, wata gwauruwa mai ’ya’ya uku, wadda ya haɗu da ita a San Diego. Su biyun suna da ɗa ɗaya tare, Thomas Jerome Hudner III, an haife shi a 1971.  Hudner's karshe Navy posting shine a matsayin shugaban horon fasaha na jiragen sama a ofishin babban hafsan sojojin ruwa a Washington, DC, mukamin da ya rike har ya yi ritaya a cikin Fabrairu 1973. 

A ranar 17 ga Fabrairun 1973, kwanaki kafin Hudner ya yi ritaya, sojojin ruwa sun ba da umarnin Knox -class. jirgin USS Jesse L. Brown, jirgin ruwa na uku na Amurka da aka sanya sunansa don girmama Ba’amurke Ba’amurke.  Wadanda suka halarta a bikin ba da izini a Boston, Massachusetts, sune Daisy Brown Thorne, wanda ya sake yin aure, 'yarta Pamela Brown, da Hudner, waɗanda suka ba da sadaukarwa.  An dakatar da jirgin a ranar 27 ga Yuli 1994 kuma an sayar da shi zuwa Masar .  

## Daga baya rai da mutuwa

Bayan ya yi ritaya, Hudner ya fara aiki a matsayin mashawarcin gudanarwa, kuma daga baya ya yi aiki tare da Ƙungiyoyin Sabis na United . Saboda lambar yabo da ya samu, ya yi aiki akai-akai tare da kungiyoyin tsoffin sojoji a lokacin da ya yi ritaya a matsayin jagora a cikin al'ummar tsoffin sojoji, in ba haka ba yana rayuwa cikin nutsuwa.  Daga 1991 zuwa 1999, ya yi aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan Ma'aikatar Ma'aikatar Tsohon Soja ta Massachusetts, har sai da ya bar wannan mukamin ga Thomas G. Kelley, wani mai karɓar Medal of Honor. 

Ya samu karramawa da dama a rayuwarsa ta baya. A cikin 1989, Shirin Gathering of Eagles na Rundunar Sojan Sama ya karrama shi a sansanin sojojin saman Maxwell.  A cikin 2001, Hudner ya gabatar da Daisy Brown Thorne tare da lambobin yabo na Jesse Brown da yawa a Jami'ar Jihar Mississippi .  A cikin Mayu 2012, Sakataren Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ya sanar da cewa za a sanya wa wani mai lalata makamai masu linzami Arleigh BurkeArleigh Burke mai suna USS Thomas Hudner .   An yi baftisma jirgin a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 2017, tare da Hudner a wurin,  kuma an ba da izini a Boston a kan 1 Disamba 2018. 

Bayan 1991, Hudner ya zauna a Concord, Massachusetts, tare da matarsa, Georgea.  A watan Yulin 2013, ya ziyarci Pyongyang na Koriya ta Arewa, a wani yunƙuri na kwato gawar Jesse Brown daga wurin da jirgin ya fado. Hukumomin Koriya ta Arewa sun gaya masa cewa ya dawo a watan Satumba lokacin da yanayi zai fi iya hangowa. 

Tarihin Hudner na hukuma *- Ibada: Babban Labari na Jarumi, Abota, da Sadaukarwa* - an sake shi a watan Oktoba 2015, bayan shekaru bakwai na haɗin gwiwa tare da marubuci Adam Makos.  

Hudner ya mutu a gidansa a Concord, Massachusetts, a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba, 2017, yana da shekaru 93.   An tsare shi a makabartar Arlington ta kasa a ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 2018, a wani bikin da Janar Joseph Dunford, Shugaban Hafsan Hafsoshin Soja ya halarta. 

An nuna Hudner a cikin fim ɗin 2022 *Devotion* ta Glen Powell .

## Kyauta da kayan ado

### Medal of Honor ambato
Hudner yana daya daga cikin maza 11 da aka baiwa lambar yabo a lokacin yakin Chosin Reservoir.  Shi ne na farko a cikin bakwai na sojojin ruwa na Amurka, kuma shi ne kawai jirgin ruwa na ruwa, da aka ba da lambar yabo ta girmamawa a yakin Koriya. 

## A cikin fim da adabi

* Fim: *Ibada* (2022)
* Littafi: *Ibada: Labarin Almara na Jarumta, Abota, da Hadaya* (2015)

## Duba kuma

* Jerin sunayen wadanda suka samu lambar yabo na Yakin Koriya

## ambato

### Bayanan kula

### Manazarta

### Sources

## Kara karantawa

*  

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* 
* Historic footage of Thomas Hudner receiving Medal of Honor from President Harry Truman.
* Interview at the Pritzker Military Museum & Library
* Arlington National Cemetery