Girgizar Kasar Marrakesh-Safi 2023

A ranar 8 ga watan Satumba 2023 da karfe 23:11 DST (22:11 UTC ),girgizar ƙasa mai karfin awo 6.8-6.9 da matsakaicin ƙarfin Mercalli na VIII (*Mai tsanani*) ta afkawa yankin Marrakesh-Safi na kasar Maroko. Wurin girgizar kasar ya kasance 73.4 km (45.6 mi) kudu maso yammacin Marrakesh, kusa da garin Ighil a cikin tsaunukan Atlas.  Ya faru ne sakamakon tudun muntsitsin - zurfin tuƙi a ƙarƙashin kewayon dutsen. Akalla mutane 2,122 ne aka bayar da rahoton mutuwar, inda akasarinsu ke faruwa a wajen Marrakesh. An yi barna sosai, kuma an lalata wuraren tarihi a Marrakesh.  An kuma ji girgizar kasar a Spain, Portugal, Gibraltar, Mauritania, da Aljeriya. 

Ta kasance girgizar kasa mafi karfi da aka yi rikodin a Maroko kuma mafi muni a kasar tun 1960. Haka kuma ita ce girgizar kasa mafi muni ta biyu a shekarar 2023 bayan girgizar kasar Turkiyya da kasar Siriya.  Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta kiyasta kimanin mutane 300,000 daga Marrakesh da kewaye ne abin ya shafa.   Bayan girgizar kasar, kasashe da dama sun ba da agajin jin kai. Morocco ta kuma sanar da gudanar da zaman makoki na kwanaki uku. 

## Saitin tectonic
Maroko tana kusa da iyaka tsakanin Plate ɗin Afirka da Plate ɗin Eurasian, Laifin Canjin Azores-Gibraltar. Wannan yanki na yajin aiki na gefen dama yana zama mai zalunci a ƙarshensa na gabas, tare da haɓaka manyan laifuffuka . Zuwa gabas na Mashigar Gibraltar, a cikin Tekun Alboran, iyakar ta zama karo na farko . Yawancin girgizar ƙasa a Maroko yana da alaƙa da motsi akan iyakar farantin, tare da mafi girman haɗarin girgizar ƙasa a arewacin ƙasar kusa da kan iyaka.  A shekara ta 2004, Al Hoceima ta fuskanci girgizar kasa mai karfin awo 6.3 da ta kashe mutane 628 tare da jikkata 926. Girgizar kasa mai karfin awo 7.3 da ta afku a makwabciyar kasar Aljeriya a shekarar 1980 ta kashe mutane 2,500. 

Tsaunukan Atlas wani bel ne na tsaunuka wanda ya kai 2,000 km (1,200 mi) daga Morocco zuwa Tunisia. Wadannan tsaunuka sun samo asali ne daga wani karo a lokacin Cenozoic . Tsawon tsaunuka ya kai tsayinsa mafi girma zuwa yamma, a cikin Maroko.  Seismicity a Maroko ya ta'allaka ne a yankin arewacin kasar da kuma tekun Alboran. Kudancin Rif, ayyukan girgizar ƙasa ba su da yawa amma ya bazu ko'ina cikin Tsakiyar Atlas, High Atlas, da Anti-Atlas . Seismicity a cikin Saharan Atlas yana da iyaka, kuma babu shi a yankin Saharan kudu da bel; Hakanan ba shi da aiki a gabas a Aljeriya da Tunisiya. A baya can, girgizar kasa mafi girma da aka yi rikodin a cikin tsaunukan Atlas ita ce M Girgizar kasa mai lamba 5.9 da ta afku a Agadir a shekarar 1960. Girgizar ƙasa a cikin tsaunin Atlas suna nuna hanyoyin da za a bi don zamewa, tuƙi ko haɗuwa duka biyun (slip-slip). 

## Girgizar kasa
Girgizar kasa ta Marrakesh-Safi ita ce mafi girma da aka yi rikodin kayan aiki a cikin tarihin zamani na Morocco,  ya wuce kawai da manyan alkaluman girgizar kasa na Meknes na 1755, a

Girgizar kasar tana da hanyar da ta dace wacce ke nuni da kuskure a karkashin Babban Atlas. Fashewar ta faru ne a kan wani kuskure mai nisa mai zurfi da ke fuskantar arewa maso yamma ko kuma kuskure mai zurfi mai zurfi da ke fuskantar gabas. USGS ta kiyasta yankin fashewar kuskure ya zama 30 km (19 mi) da 20 km (12 mi) . Yawancin gabas-maso-yamma da arewa maso gabas-kudu- maso-maso-maso-yammaci na yajin aiki da kurakurai na faruwa a Babban Atlas. Tun 1900, ba a M 6.0 ko mafi girma girgizar ƙasa a cikin 500 km (310 mi) na girgizar kasa na baya-bayan nan; amma tara M 5.0 kuma manyan abubuwan da suka faru sun faru zuwa gabas. Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙirar ƙira ta USGS yana nuna fashewar ta faru a gabas-arewa-maso-gabas-yamma-kudu-maso-maso-maso-maso-maso-a,arewa-arewa-maso-maso-maso-yamma kuskure. Zamewa ya tattara a kusa da hypocenter a cikin wani madauwari zamewa faci akan kuskuren kusan 30 km (19 mi) × 30 km (19 mi) . Matsakaicin ƙaura na 1.7 m (5 ft 7 in) an lura a 20–25 km (12-16 mi) zurfin yayin da mafi yawan zamewar ta faru a 10–35 km (6.2-21.7 mi) zurfin; babu kadan zuwa zamewa kusa da saman sama da 10 km (6.2 mi).

## Tasiri
Akalla mutane 2,122 ne suka mutu sannan 2,421 suka jikkata;  1,404 daga cikin wadanda suka ji rauni sun ji rauni sosai.   An samu asarar rayuka da dama a wasu wurare masu nisa a kudancin Marrakesh.   A lardunan Al-Haouz da Taroudant, adadin wadanda suka mutu ya kai 1,351 da 492, bi da bi.  Mutane 41 ne suka mutu a Ouarzazate ;  201 a Chichaoua kuma an rubuta mutuwar 17 a Marrakesh.  'Yan kasar Faransa hudu na daga cikin wadanda suka mutu, ciki har da wani dan yawon bude ido da ya mutu sakamakon bugun zuciya.   'Yan kasar Faransa 15 da wasu Amurkawa sun jikkata.   A Moulay Brahim, mazauna wurin sun makale a karkashin gine-gine da suka ruguje kuma masu sa kai sun yi yunkurin ceto.  Sama da mutane goma sha biyu ne suka mutu a kauyen.  Asarar tattalin arziki daga girgizar kasa na iya kaiwa zuwa kashi takwas na GDP na Maroko, a cewar USGS. 

Wasu gidaje a tsofaffin sassan Marrakesh da wasu sassan bangon birni sun ruguje,  ya bar iyalai sun makale a ƙarƙashin tarkace.  A Jemaa el-Fnaa, wani minaret na Masallacin Kharboush da wasu sassan bangonsa sun ruguje, inda suka murkushe motoci a kasa.  An kuma lalata masallacin Koutoubia .  Gine-gine da dama a cikin Madina na Marrakesh, Cibiyar Tarihi ta UNESCO tun daga karni na 12, kuma sun rushe.   An katse hanyoyin shiga Intanet saboda katsewar wutar lantarki.  Masallacin Tinmel mai tarihi na karni na 12 ya lalace sosai; wani hasumiya ya rushe kuma bango ya fadi. 

Ma'aikatar cikin gidan ta ce yawancin barnar ta faru ne daga garuruwa da garuruwa.  Kusa da cibiyar High Atlas, tashar talabijin ta Al Aoula ta ba da rahoton cewa gine-gine da yawa sun rushe.  Gaba dayan kauyukan da ke kusa da yankin an daidaita.  A yankin da girgizar kasar ta afku a garin Al-Haouz, wani gida da ya ruguje ya makale a karkashin baraguzan ginin.  A Amizmiz, wani ƙauye kusa da ƙauyen, masu aikin ceto sun yi amfani da hannayensu wajen tarwatsa tarkace. 'Yan kwana-kwana 20 da sojoji ne suka halarci ragowar wani gida; sun kuma gano akalla gawarwaki biyu.  Kusan dukkanin gidajen gargajiya guda 50 da ke kauyen Majat sun ruguje tare da kashe mazauna garin da dama.  Kashi 90 na gidaje a Asni sun lalace.  Ƙarin gidaje a garuruwan da ke kusa da ƙaƙƙarfan lamarin sun ruguje wani bangare ko gaba ɗaya. An kuma yanke wutar lantarki da hanyoyi a wasu wuraren.  A Essaouira, sassan facade sun faɗi. 

Garuruwan Tafeghaghte,  Adassil da Imlil, da kuma kauyukan da ke kusa da Dutsen Toubkal, girgizar kasar ta lalata ko kuma ta yi mummunar barna,   tare da rugujewar gidaje kusan 200 a Ijoukak kadai.  A wajen Agadir, a kauyukan Taqi da Tadrart, an lalata gidaje da dama.  A birnin Taroudant, an kashe kusan mutane 200.  Gundumomi da dama na tsoffi ko na tarihi a cikin birnin sun lalace sosai.  An kashe mutane 90 ko kuma kusan rabin mutanen kauyen a Tafeghagte.  Kauyukan da ke cikin kwarin Ouirgane har yanzu ba su da sabis na lantarki da na sadarwa kwanaki biyu bayan girgizar kasar.  Tashar talabijin ta Morocco ta bayar da rahoton cewa, sama da iyalai 18,000 ne abin ya shafa a Al-Haouz kadai. 

## Bayan haka
Mutanen Marrakesh sun kwashe baraguzan da hannu yayin da suke jiran manyan kayan aiki. Yawancin mazauna wurin sun kasance a waje saboda fargabar wata girgizar kasa. Rubuce-rubucen da aka yi a shafukan sada zumunta sun nuna mutane suna kwashe wata cibiyar kasuwanci, gidajen cin abinci da gine-gine.  Mazauna birnin sun kwana ukun farko a waje;  cika wuraren zagayawa, wuraren shakatawa na mota da dandalin jama'a.  An sake buɗe wasu kasuwanni a birnin a ranar 10 ga Satumba yayin da Sarki Mohammed VI ya ba da shawarar ci gaba da ayyukan kasuwanci.  A babban birnin Rabat, 350 km (220 mi) arewa da tsakiyar yankin, kuma a Imsouane, wani gari na bakin teku, mazauna sun bar gidajensu. 

Babban Sakatare Janar na Hukumar Harkokin Cikin Gida ya ce jami’ai da kungiyoyin tsaro na hada kayan aiki don samar da kayan agaji da tantance barnar da aka yi.  Sojojin Moroko sun share daya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin zuwa wuraren da abin ya fi shafa, wanda ya ba da damar taimako mai mahimmanci ga mutane. A Salé, manyan motoci sun ɗauki barguna, gadaje sansanin, da na'urorin hasken wuta zuwa wuraren da abin ya shafa. Manyan tireloli kuma sun dauki kayayyaki don isa wadannan wuraren.  Tashar gida ta 2M ta raba bidiyon motocin gaggawa da ke tafiya tare da ƙazamin hanya.  Aikin ceto dai ya samu cikas yayin da hanyoyin da suka bi ta yankin tsaunuka ke cike da cunkoson ababen hawa da kuma duwatsu.  A lardin Al-Haouz, an kawar da duwatsu daga kan tituna domin ba da damar motocin daukar marasa lafiya da kuma kai agaji zuwa yankunan da abin ya shafa.  An yi amfani da wata babbar hanya a tsaunukan Atlas, cike da motocin daukar marasa lafiya, motocin haya da kuma ‘yan kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross, don jinyar wadanda suka jikkata; An kai wadanda suka samu munanan raunuka zuwa asibiti a Marrakesh.  A wurare masu nisa da ke da wahalar shiga, Rundunar Sojan Maroko ta yi amfani da jirage masu saukar ungulu don samar da bukatu na yau da kullun. 

An samu karuwar mutanen da suka jikkata da aka kwantar a asibitoci a birnin Marrakesh.  Mutanen da suka jikkata daga wajen Marrakesh suma sun fara kutsawa cikin birnin domin samun magani.  An yi kira ga mazauna birnin da su ba da gudummawar jini.  A safiyar ranar 9 ga Satumba, kusan mutane 200, ciki har da masu yawon bude ido, sun ziyarci asibiti don ba da gudummawar jini.  Daga cikin wadanda suka ba da gudummawa har da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasar Morocco .  Shirin ya tara buhunan jini 6,000 a cikin yini guda da kaddamar da yakin neman zaben.  Kididdigar barnar da aka yi a Marrakesh ta nuna cewa yawancin birnin ba su da lahani. 

Sarki Mohammed VI ya ba da izinin tura sojojin Masarautar Moroccan a garuruwa daban-daban da abin ya shafa domin taimakawa.   Ya kuma ayyana kwanaki uku na zaman makoki na kasa tare da bayar da umarnin kafa hukumar bayar da agaji don tallafawa wadanda suka tsira da rayukansu, da kuma bude asusun ajiyar banki na musamman domin ba da damar bayar da taimako.    Daga baya sojojin sun kafa asibitin filin a Moulay Brahim.  Jami'an ceto sun yi amfani da manyan kayan aiki don kwato wadanda suka tsira da gawarwakin tarkace.  Wadanda suka tsira daga kauyen sun fara tona kaburbura a kan wani tudu domin binne wadanda suka mutu.  An kafa wata katuwar tanti a kauyen domin a zaunar da marasa gida.  Aiki a filin jirgin saman Marrakesh ya kasance al'ada amma an soke jirage biyu na Ryanair daga Marrakesh zuwa Brussels da Beauvais, Faransa, waɗanda aka shirya a ranar 9 ga Satumba. Kamfanin jiragen sama na British Airways ya maye gurbin jirginsa na yau da kullun zuwa Marrakesh da wani wanda ya fi girma don jigilar 'yan Burtaniya da ke neman komawa gida. 

Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross ta sanar da murmurewa na iya daukar shekaru;  ƙauyuka da yawa da ke kusa da babban yankin a cikin tsaunuka masu nisa gaba ɗaya sun lalace kuma/ko kuma ba za su iya shiga ba,  tare da ƙarancin ababen more rayuwa irin su layin dogo, tituna, da asibitoci da ke biye da arewacin ƙasar suna kawo cikas ga ayyukan agaji.

## Martani
Spain,   India,  Algeria,  Argentina,  France,   Iran,  Israel,  Portugal,  Pakistan,  Romania,  Taiwan,  Tailandia,  Oman,  Turkey,  Kuwait,  the United Kingdom,  the United States,   the European Ƙungiyar,  da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya  sun ba da taimako da tallafi ga Maroko.  Netherlands ta saki Yuro miliyan 10 a cikin agajin gaggawa.  Sauran shugabannin duniya sun yi ta'aziyya. 

Jinkirin da aka yi na sa'o'i 18 ga Sarkin don yin sanarwar a hukumance ya sha suka a cikin jama'a. An kuma yi suka kan jinkirin da gwamnati ta yi wajen gabatar da bukatar agaji a hukumance da kuma cewa ba a ba da damar karin taimako daga waje ba.  Har ila yau takaici ya karu a tsakanin kungiyoyin agaji na kasa da kasa da ke jiran aiki saboda ba su samu buƙatu na yau da kullun ba.  Gwamnatin Moroko ba ta nemi taimakon kasashen waje bisa hukuma ba,  duk da haka, sun karɓi taimako daga Qatar, Spain, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, da Burtaniya.  Jami'ai sun ce sun amince da tayin na kasashe hudu ne kawai saboda "rashin hadin kai na iya haifar da illa." Sun kara da cewa ana iya amincewa da wasu tayin lokacin da ake bukata. 

Benoît Payan magajin garin Marrakesh 'yar uwar birnin Marseille na kasar Faransa, ya sanar da cewa ya aike da jami'an kashe gobara zuwa kasar Maroko domin su taimaka da ayyukan ceto.   Shugaban Majalisar Yankin Île-de-Faransa Valérie Pécresse ya aika da dala 535,000 a matsayin taimako.   ya buɗe layin wayar tarho.  An aika da ma'aikatan ceto daga Nice, yayin da al'ummomi a fadin kasar suka ba da agaji sama da Yuro miliyan 2 (dala miliyan 2.1).  

Firaministan Isra'ila Benyamin Netanyahu da Sarki Abdallah na biyu na Jordan sun umarci gwamnatocinsu da su aika da agaji zuwa Maroko,    yayin da shugaban Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan ya ba da umarnin kafa wata gada ta jirgin sama don jigilar kayan agaji. taimako da sauran tallafi,   kamar yadda Saudiyya ta yi.  Sultan Haitham bin Tarik na Oman ya ba da umarnin a aika da kungiyoyin agaji da agajin jinya zuwa Maroko a ranar 10 ga Satumba. 

Aljeriya, a karon farko tun shekarar 2021, ta buɗe sararin samaniyarta ga Maroko domin saukaka isar kayayyakin jin ƙai. Washegari, Aljeriya ta ba da shawarar wata ƙungiyar sa kai ta musamman mai mambobi 80.  Spain ta ba da Sashin Gaggawa na Sojoji, da sauran hukumomin agajinta, da ofishin jakadancinta a Rabat a hannun Maroko.  Jirgin saman sojojin Spain guda biyu dauke da sojoji 86 da karnukan bincike 8 an kai su birnin Marrakesh bayan da gwamnatin Moroko ta yi kira ga bangarori biyu.   Jamhuriyar Czech ta sanar da cewa a shirye take ta aike da mambobi kusan 70 na tawagar ceto, ciki har da likitoci 9, bayan da ta samu bukatar a hukumance daga gwamnatin Morocco. Ministan tsaron kasar Czech Jana Cernochova ya ce an shirya jiragen soji uku domin jigilar tawagar.  

Cibiyar horarwa da bincike ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ( UNITAR ) ta kunna Yarjejeniya ta Duniya akan Sararin Samaniya da Manyan Bala'i a madadin kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent Societies ( IFRC ) don samar da fa'ida, ko da yake an rage, tauraron dan adam ɗaukar hoto.  A ranar 9 ga Satumba, wata tawagar ma'aikatan jinya da ma'aikata 50 daga Tunisiya ta isa. Har ila yau, tawagar ta kawo karnukan bincike, na'urorin hoto masu zafi, jirgi mara matuki, da asibitin filin.  Tawagar ceto ta Qatar ta isa Morocco a ranar 11 ga Satumba. 

Hukumar kwallon kafar Afirka ta dage wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika na shekarar 2023 tsakanin Morocco da Laberiya, wanda ya kamata a yi a Agadir ranar 9 ga watan Satumba.   Sai dai an ci gaba da fafatawa tsakanin Jamhuriyar Congo da Gambia kamar yadda aka tsara a birnin Marrakesh a ranar 10 ga watan Satumba.  UEFA ta ba da sanarwar yin shiru na dan lokaci ga wadanda abin ya shafa a duk waɗannan kungiyoyi da na kasa har zuwa ranar 21 ga Satumba.

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

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