Pippa Bacca

Giuseppina Pasqualino di Marineo (9 ga Disamba 1974–31 ga Maris 31, 2008), wacce aka fi sani da Pippa Bacca, ta kasance mai wasan kwaikwayo da kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata ta Italiya.

A ranar 31 ga Maris 2008, Pippa Bacca ta ɓace a Gebze da ke Türkiye (tsohon Turkiyya) a lokacin wata tafiya ta kasa da kasa don inganta zaman lafiya a duniya a ƙarƙashin taken, "aure tsakanin mutane da al'ummomi daban-daban". Bacca da abokiyar aikinta Silvia Moro suna sanye da rigunan aure a lokacin tafiyarsu. A ranar 11 ga Afrilu 2008, 'yan sanda sun kama wani mutum wanda daga baya ya amsa laifin kisan gillarta kuma ya jagoranci hukumomi wajen gano gawarta.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
### Farkon Rayuwa
An haifi Pippa Bacca a Milan a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 1974, a matsayin Giuseppina Valeria Laura Maria Pasqualino di Marineo. Mahaifinta, Guido Pasqualino di Marineo, asalinsa daga Naples ne kuma ya fito daga sarakunan Neapolitan. Mahaifiyarta, Elena Manzoni dei Conti di Chiosca e Poggiolo, suma sun fito ne daga wani iyali mai arziki na asalin Sicilian. Mahaifiyar Bacca ita ce babbar 'yar'uwar mai zane Piero Manzoni.

Bacca ita ce ta uku cikin 'yan'uwa mata biyar kuma tana da ɗan'uwa ɗaya daga sake auren mahaifinta.[5][6] Tun suna yara, mahaifiyarsu ta sanya wa Bacca da 'yan'uwanta mata tufafi masu launin kore domin a gane su kuma kada ta rasa su.[7] Tun tana babba, Bacca za ta yanke shawarar sanya launin kore koyaushe, kuma za ta rubuta duk wasiƙunta da katunan gaisuwa da tawada kore.[5] Haka kuma za ta zama mai cin ganyayyaki, amma sau ɗaya a shekara tana jin daɗin kanta ta ci kifi.

Yayin da kawunta Piero Manzoni ya mutu kafin haihuwarta, Bacca ba ta taɓa haɗuwa da shi ba; amma mahaifiyarta Elena ta kare gadon fasaha na ɗan'uwanta kuma ta kiyaye fasaharsa. Bacca ta girma ta san aikin fasaha na kawunta, kuma ita da 'yan'uwanta an rene su "suna shaƙar iska mai kyau iri ɗaya"[8] kamar kawunsu.

Duk da cewa iyalin sun ɗauki kansu a matsayin waɗanda ba sa bin ƙa'ida, Bacca da iyalinta, ta hanyoyi da yawa, suna da ra'ayin mazan jiya tare da ɗabi'un Katolika da na masu goyon bayan sarauta. Iyayenta biyu suna da himma a siyasance; mahaifinta, shugaban jam'iyyar siyasa ta Italiya Monarchist Union a shekarun 1970s da mahaifiyarta, sun shiga cikin Jam'iyyar Democrat ta Italiya kuma an dauke su a matsayin 'yan ra'ayin mazan jiya, haka kuma sun shiga cikin Kungiyar Silenzia Maggiore (Silent Majority) wacce ta kafa a matsayin martani ga zanga-zangar ɗalibai na 1968 a Italiya.[an buƙaci ambato]

Iyayenta sun rabu lokacin da take da shekaru biyar, kuma daga baya suka sake aure a 1987 lokacin da take da shekaru 13. Bayan haka, iyalanta sun zauna a cikin rukunin gidaje na jama'a na Azienda Lombarda Edilizia Residenzale, wanda ke Corso Garibaldi.[9] Suna da alaƙa mai ƙarfi da iyali, 'yan'uwan mata sun kira kansu "Il Neurone" ("The Neuron"),[7] saboda sun ji cewa suna cikin wani ɓangare na neuron ɗaya.

Tun tana ƙarama, mahaifiyarta ta sanya ƙaunar tafiya a Bacca, kuma dangin sun bincika Italiya da Turai a cikin wata tsohuwar motar bas. A shekarar 1987, Bacca, mahaifiyarta, da 'yan'uwanta mata sun yi tafiya zuwa Santiago de Compostela,[10] suna tafiya ta hanyar tafiya, hawa keke, da kuma tafiya a kan babur.

Bacca ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta gargajiya (liceo classico) wadda ta mayar da hankali kan adabin Italiya da na ƙasashen waje, tarihi, falsafa, da tarihin fasaha. Duk da cewa tana da tunanin neman digiri a fannin lissafi,[11] maimakon ci gaba da karatunta bayan kammala karatunta, sai ta yanke shawarar tafiya zuwa Ireland[12] inda ta yi shekara guda kafin ta koma Italiya don neman aiki. Bayan dawowarta, ta zauna tare da mahaifiyarta da 'yar'uwarta Maria kuma ta sami aikin ɗan lokaci a cibiyar kira ta banki.[13] Ta kuma yi aiki a Archivo Opere Piero Manzoni (Taskar Ayyukan Piero Manzoni) tsakanin 1998 da 2003,[14] inda ta taimaka wa masanin tarihin fasaha Germano Celant wajen tsara kasida game da fasahar kawunta.

Tun tana girma, Bacca ta karkata zuwa hagu a siyasance[7] amma ta ci gaba da zama mai imani da kuma bin addinin Katolika. Sau da yawa tana sanya sarka a wuyanta mai siffar Saint Joseph na Cupertino, waliyin ɗaliban da ba su da tarbiyya.[citation needed]

## Ayyukan fasaha
Wani lokaci a kusa da 1995, Bacca ta fara himma wajen neman zama mai zane. Nunin farko nata na kaɗaici, Angeli: vita, morte e miracoli[7] (Mala'iku: Rayuwa, Mutuwa da Mu'ujizai) ya faru ne a 1999 a Slobs Gallery da ke Milan, ta amfani da zane-zanen da aka yanke a kan takarda mai launi da kwali. Nunin na biyu nata Matres Matutae an gudanar da shi ne a 2001.[15] Kamar nunin farko da ta yi, wannan kuma an yi shi da sifofi amma an yi wahayi zuwa gare shi daga sadaukarwa ga allahiya Mater Matuta, wanda ke wakiltar fannoni daban-daban na uwa. Wani nunin ya biyo baya a 2002 tare da La luna nel pozzo (Wata a cikin Rijiya) a Galleria Fondo Perduto (Lost Fund Gallery), inda Bacca ta bincika jigon mace ta hanyar komawa ga matakan wata a cikin ayyuka 14, daga sabuwar wata zuwa cikakken wata.

Ta kuma sha'awar zane-zane, wani yanayi wanda ya yi daidai da halayenta. Misali, a wani lokaci Bacca ta je ta haɗu da wani saurayi a tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Bergamo inda ta yi ado kamar wata yarinya mai kama da maciji ta yi wanka a cikin maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da ke gaban tashar.[9] Yayin da take soyayya da wani saurayi, ya rabu da ita, yana gaya mata cewa ba ya ƙaunarta. A martanin da ya mayar, Bacca ta sami tambari 1,500 da aka buga da kalmomin "Ina ƙaunar Pippa Bacca, Tambaye ni dalili!" kuma ta rarraba su a ko'ina cikin Milan don tabbatar da cewa tsohon saurayinta zai gan su kuma ya lura da adadin mutanen da ke ƙaunar Bacca, don haka zai sake duba shawararsa.[16]

A cewar wasu majiyoyi, duk da haka, ayyukanta na fasaha da salon rayuwarta na ban mamaki ba iri ɗaya ba ne, kodayake yana iya zama kamar haka ga waɗanda ba sa nan.[9] An kuma ce manufarta ba wai ta yi aiki a matsayin mai fasaha ba ne, sai dai neman fasaha don kanta.[an buƙaci ambato]

Yin hawan keke ya burge Bacca sosai, kuma ta yi tafiya tare da iyalinta da kuma ita kaɗai a ƙasashe kamar Amurka, Kanada, Ireland, Spain, Rasha,[17] da Türkiye. A lokacin jira na dogon lokaci na lif, Bacca za ta yi wa Rosary. Ta kuma saba da rayuwar waliyyai kuma za ta yi magana game da su sosai lokacin da take tare. Ta haɗa hawan kekenta a cikin aikinta na fasaha, ta ɗauki hotunan mutanen da suka ba ta lif kuma daga baya ta yi rikodin tattaunawarsu.[9] An yi amfani da waɗannan hotunan a cikin baje kolin Più oltre (Ƙarin Bayani)[18] na 2004 a Perugia.

Bacca ta yi aiki da kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban ciki har da daukar hoto, zane-zane da kuma dinki. Wakarta ta 2004, Surgical Mutations, ta ƙunshi jerin ganye da aka tattara a cikin itace da kuma yanke don su yi kama da nau'ikan furanni daban-daban. A shekara ta 2006, ta yi baje kolin farko na cibiyoyi, The Broken Image a Fabbrica del Vapore (Steam Factory) da ke Milan.[19] A matsayinta na memba na ƙungiyar fasaha ta Coniglio Viola (Purple Rabbit) a wannan lokacin, ta kuma taimaka wajen tsara wasu baje kolin.[20][21] Wani daga cikin ayyukanta shi ne ɗaukar hotunan mutane a titunan Milan a shekara ta 2007, wanda ta saka a cikin kwalbar gilashi da grappa da fulawa, sannan ta girgiza, ta watsar da hatsin fulawa a cikin ruwan, wanda ya haifar da tasirin hazo a kusa da hotunan.

Ta kuma kasance mawaƙiya kuma ta shiga Coro di Micene (Mycene Choir), wata ƙungiyar mawaƙa mai tsattsauran ra'ayi a Milan, amma ta ci gaba da kafa ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta kanta, Bubble Gum, a lokacin bazara na 2005.[22] Yawansu na ƙarshe koyaushe Bésame Mucho ne, amma bayan mutuwarta ƙungiyar mawaƙa koyaushe tana ƙarewa da waƙar Moon River, wacce Bacca ta fi so. Don wasannin mawakan, za ta ɗauki siffar Eva Adamovich da kayan da suka haɗa da gashin baki da kuma gashin jimina kore, tana nuna wata magana da ta yi a shekarar 1997: cewa tana da fuskoki biyar daban-daban a kanta, ko kuma a ce tana da girman kai guda biyar:

Wata Eva Adamovich da aka ambata a baya, wacce ke sanye da takalma masu tsayi kawai, riguna masu tsauri, kayan shafa masu nauyi da kuma gashin wig. Duk da cewa ta kira kowa da "so" da "mai daɗi", ba ta amince da kowa ba; kuma ta ce budurwa ce saboda tana da alaƙa da soyayyarta ta farko har abada, wadda ta mutu a cikin mawuyacin hali.[23] Don ƙara jaddada cewa su mutane biyu ne daban-daban, Pippa Bacca da Eva Adamovich suna da lambobin waya daban-daban.[7]

Pippa Pasqualino di Marineo, ma'aikaciyar aiki mai himma a cibiyar kira inda Bacca ke aiki.[23]

Pippa Bacca, mai fasaha, wacce take da alaƙa da jama'a kuma tana da abokai da yawa.[23] Asali sunan 'yar tsana Bacca ce tun tana ƙarama[24] kuma ɗan ƙaramin "Giuseppina", an san ta da wannan sunan tun lokacin da take makaranta.[11] An kuma yi iƙirarin cewa [daga wa?] cewa lokacin da ɗan'uwanta na uba yake yaro, bai iya faɗin sunan "Giuseppina" ba, wanda maimakon haka ya fito a matsayin Pippa, sannan ya ƙara Bacca a cikin sunan, domin yana nufin runguma a cikin yaren Milanese kuma ya tunatar da ita allahn Bacchus.

Zomo Mai Kore (Il coniglio verde), wanda jikinsa ya lulluɓe da mayafin kore. Wannan alter ego ya bayyana ne kawai ba kasafai ba.[7]

Bacca da kanta ita ma ta kasance batun wasu masu fasaha. Misali, Camilla Micheli ta ɗauki hotunan mutane biyu na Bacca "Pippa Bacca" da "Eva Adamovich" suna nuna Gabrielle d'Estrées daɗaya daga cikin 'yan'uwanta mata,[25] wani zane na ƙarni na 16, mai taken "Ritratto presunto di Pippa ed Eva" (Hoton Pippa da Eva da ake tsammani).[ana buƙatar ambato]

## Manazarta