Zaki Mda

**Zanemvula Kizito Gatyeni “Zakes** / Mda ( / ˈzɛɪk s mˈdɑː / ) , (an haife shi a shekara ta 1948) marubuci ɗan Afirka ta Kudu ne, mawaƙi kuma marubucin wasan kwaikwayo. Ya lashe manyan lambobin yabo na adabi na Afirka ta Kudu da Burtaniya saboda litattafai da wasan kwaikwayo. Shi ma dan siyasar AP Mda ne.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Zanemvula Mda an haife shi a Herschel, Afirka ta Kudu, a cikin 1948.  kuma ya kammala Takaddun shaida na Ƙasashen Waje na Cambridge a Makarantar Sakandare ta Peka, Lesotho, a cikin 1969. Ya yi karatun BFA (Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyaki da Adabi) a Kwalejin Fasaha da Adabi ta Duniya, Zurich, Switzerland, a cikin 1976. Ya kammala MFA (Theater) da MA (Mass Communication and Media) a 1984 a Jami'ar Ohio, Amurka. Ya yi karatun digirinsa na uku a Jami'ar Cape Town, Afirka ta Kudu, a 1989.

## Sana'a
Lokacin da ya fara bugawa, ya ɗauki sunan alƙalami na Zakes Mda. Baya ga rubuta litattafai da wasan kwaikwayo, ya koyar da Turanci da kuma rubuce-rubucen kirkire-kirkire a Afirka ta Kudu da Ingila.

Kwanan nan, ya tafi Amurka, inda ya zama Farfesa a Sashen Turanci a Jami'ar Ohio a Athens, Ohio .  Ya kasance malami mai ziyara a Jami'ar Yale da Jami'ar Vermont .  Tun daga Yuli 2021, shi malami ne a cikin Babban Shirye-shiryen Ilimi a Jami'ar Johns Hopkins.   

Mda memba ne wanda ya kafa kuma (kamar na 2011) yana aiki a kan kwamitin ba da shawara na African Writers Trust,  "wani ƙungiya mai zaman kanta wanda ke neman daidaitawa da tattara marubutan Afirka a cikin Ƙasashen waje da marubuta a nahiyar don inganta rabawa. na fasaha da sauran albarkatu, da kuma haɓaka ilimi da koyo tsakanin ƙungiyoyin biyu."  

A cikin 2013, ya zama majiɓinci na Etisalat Prize for Literature (tare da Ama Ata Aidoo, Dele Olojede, Ellah Allfrey, Margaret Busby da Kole Omotoso ).  

## Ayyukan adabi
Littafin labari na farko na Mda, *Hanyoyi na Mutuwa* (1995), ya faru ne a cikin shekarun rikon kwarya da suka nuna sauyin Afirka ta Kudu zuwa al'ummar dimokradiyya. Ya bi halin Toloki. Bayan ya sami kansa a cikin hali, sai ya kirkiro wata sana'a a matsayin "Mai Makoki". Ya ratsa tashe-tashen hankula a cikin birni na wani birni na Afirka ta Kudu wanda ba a bayyana sunansa ba, yana samun tsohuwar soyayya a tsakanin fadan da ake yi a garuruwa da ƙauyuka .

*Zuciyar Ja* (2000), labari na uku na Mda, an yi wahayi zuwa ga tarihin Nongqawuse, annabiya Xhosa wacce annabce-annabce suka haifar da Kisan Shanu na 1856–1857 . Al'adun Xhosa ya rabu tsakanin Muminai da Kafirai, suna ƙara wa halin da ake ciki yanzu, yunwa da rugujewar zamantakewa. An yi imanin cewa mutane 20,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon yunwa a lokacin. A cikin littafin labari, Mda ya ci gaba da jujjuya baya da gaba tsakanin yau da lokacin Nongqawuse don nuna hadaddun cudanya tsakanin tarihi da tatsuniyoyi. Ya nuna rashin tabbas game da makomar al'adun da ke damun alakar da ke tattare da mulkin mallaka na Daular, da kuma nasu ƙungiyoyin farar hula, na barazanar kashe gidansu na Qolorha-by-Sea.

Labarin Mda na Kisan Shanu ya zana sosai akan na ɗan tarihi Jeff Peires a cikin littafinsa *The Dead Will Tashi* (Mda ya yarda da wannan a farkon littafinsa). Kamar Peires, Mda ya bayyana Mhlkaza, kawun Nongqawuse kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƴan wasa a cikin taron, tare da William Goliath, mutumin Xhosa na farko da ya yi baftisma a cocin Anglican.

Littafin Mda's 2011, *Wani lokaci Akwai Wuta*, *[[New York Times|The New York Times]]* ya bayyana a matsayin "mai girma da kuma jujjuya memoir": "Kaddara ta farko, sannan zabi, sun sifanta Mda a matsayin baƙo na dindindin wanda wani ɓangare na al'ummomin uku ne - Lesotho, Afirka ta Kudu da Amurka - wadanda suka zama gidajensa na wucin gadi - Ya rubuta daga cikin mummunan makomar gudun hijirar, yana mai yarda cewa rayuwar da aka tumbuke tana kawo sabbin ra'ayoyi amma a kan tsadar tsoro na rashin daidaituwa na ciki. Duk da haka, kamar yadda tarihin rayuwarsa ya bayyana., a kan mataki da kuma a kan shafin Mda ya sami wani nau'i na ci gaba daban-daban ta hanyar ci gaba da kasancewa na haƙƙin mallaka. na dawo gida." 

A ranar 8 ga Yuni 2012, Mda ya sami digiri na girmamawa na Jami'ar Cape Town saboda gudunmawarsa ga adabi na duniya.   An fassara litattafansa zuwa harsuna 21, fassarar *Hanyoyin Mutuwa* zuwa Turkanci shine na baya-bayan nan.

## Littafi Mai Tsarki

* (1977) *Sabon Rubutun Afirka ta Kudu*
* (1979) *Za mu yi waƙa don Uban ƙasa*
* (1979) *Matattu*
* (1979) *Zoben Dark*
* (1980) *Dutsen*
* (1982) *An haramta: Wasa don Rediyo*
* (1982) *Gobarar bazara*
* (1986) *Bits of Debris: The Poetry of Zakes Mda*
* (1988) *Da ’yan mata a cikin Rigunansu na Lahadi*
* (1989) *Murnar Yaki*
* (1990) *Wasannin Zakes Mda*
* (1991) *Labarin Soyayya na Nun*
* (1992) *Dandalin Soho*
* (1993) *Lokacin da mutane ke wasa da mutane*
* (1993) *Da ‘Yan Mata A Rigunansu na Lahadi: Ayyuka Hudu*
* (1995) *Hanyoyin Mutuwa*
* (1995) *Ta Yi Wasa Da Duhu*
* (1998) *Melville 67*
* (2000) *[[The Heart of Redness|Zuciyar Ja]]*
* (2002) *Madonna na Excelsior*
* (2002) *Wawaye, Kararrawa da Muhimmancin Ci: Satires Uku*
* (2005) *Mai kiran Whale*
* (2007) *Ciwon*
* (2009) *Black Diamond*
* (2011) *Wani lokaci Akwai Wuta: Memoirs na wani waje*
* (2012) *Uwargidanmu ta Benoni*
* (2013) *Masu Sculptors na Mapungubwe*
* (2014) *Rachel's Blue*
* (2015) *Ƙananan Rana*
* (2019) *Zulus na New York*
* (2021) *Wakokin Yan Tafiya*

## Kyauta

* 1978: Amstel Playwright of the Year Award, lambar yabo ta musamman don *Za Mu Waƙa don Ƙasar Uba.*
* 1979: Amstel Playwright of the Year Award, wanda ya yi nasara ga *The Hill*
* 1997: Kyautar Littafin M-Net, *Hanyoyin Mutuwa*
* 2001: Kyautar Marubuta ta Commonwealth: Afirka, *Zuciyar Ja* 
* 2001: Kyautar Legacy na Hurston-Wright, *Zuciyar Ja*
* 2001: Kyautar Almara , *Zuciyar Ja* 
* 2004: Manyan Littattafai goma na Afirka ta Kudu da aka buga a cikin Decade of Democracy, *The Madonna of Excelsior*
* 2017: Barry Ronge Fiction Prize, *Ƙananan Suns* 

## Duba kuma

* Lecture na Tunawa da Steve Biko na Shekara-shekara
* Flaxman Qoopane

## Nassoshi