Elizabeth Simpson (masanin ilimin halitta)

**Elizabeth Simpson** masanin kimiyyar halittu ce ta Burtaniya. Ita ce Farfesa Emeritus na Biology a Kwalejin Imperial ta London . Simpson an san ta musamman da bayanin da ta yi game da yanayin ƙananan antigens na namiji, da kuma rawar da suke takawa a cikin ƙarni na haƙuri da rigakafi, shayarwa da cututtukan mai masaukin, da ƙin shayarwa.

## Rayuwa da ilimi
An haifi Elizabeth Simpson a Landan, Ingila . [1] Ta sami digiri na farko da na biyu na likitan dabbobi daga Jami'ar Cambridge . Nan da nan bayan kammala karatunta, ta fara aiki a wani aiki mai zaman kansa a NB, Kanada a matsayin likitan dabbobi na tsawon shekaru biyu. Daga nan ta yi aiki a matsayin likitan ƙwayoyin cuta a Ottawa don Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Lafiya. A shekara ta 1966, ta koma Cambridge kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar malami a fannin cututtukan dabbobi na tsawon shekaru uku. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed]

Simpson daga baya ya koma Delhi, Indiya kuma ya zama mai ba da shawara kan rigakafin WHO a Cibiyar Nazarin Cututtukan Cututtuka ta Kasa. A lokacin da take aiki a Delhi, Indiya, a lokaci guda ta yi aiki a Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa (NIMR) a London, Ingila a matsayin masanin kimiyya mai bincike. A cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan aikinta a Indiya da kuma NIMR, ta yi aiki ga cibiyoyi da yawa, gami da aikinta a matsayin shugabar Transplant Biology Group a Cibiyar Binciken Asibiti ta Cibiyar Bindindin a Harrow da Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Asibiti a Asibitin Hammersmith. Bugu da kari, Simpson ya yi aiki ga Cibiyar Nazarin Ciwon daji ta Kasa, ya kasance Mataimakin Darakta na Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Asibiti a Kwalejin Imperial, London, kuma yana ci gaba da ciyar da bazara da yawa a Jax Laboratory a Maine. Kodayake Simpson masanin kimiyyar halittu ne na Burtaniya, ta ba da gudummawa sosai ga aikinta a Amurka da Ingila. A halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin Farfesa Emeritus na Transplant Biology a Kwalejin Imperial, London, kuma ta rike wannan mukamin tun shekara ta 2004. 

## Bincike
Simpson ta ƙware a cikin ilimin rigakafin salula. Ta fara aikinta tare da Peter Medawar a ƙarshen shekarun 1960. Tare da shi, ta yi nazarin rigakafin ƙin shuka ta hanyar lura da antigens da aka samu a kan shuka daga beraye maza. Tare da binciken da suka yi a kan beraye, Simpson da Medawar sun sami damar gano rawar da Kwayoyin halitta da aka samu a kan chromosome" id="mwMQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Y chromosome">Y chromosome a cikin kin amincewa. Ta ba da gudummawa ga ilimin rigakafi ta hanyar lura da hulɗar tsakanin sel T da Y chromosome antigens. Nazarinta a fannin ƙananan antigens na histocompatibility ya nuna cewa ƙwayoyin T na musamman na namiji sun gane MHC da samfuran kwayoyin halitta akan Y chromosome. Ta gudanar da gano kwayoyin halitta na kwayoyin HY da peptide epitopes da suka tsara. Ayyukan Simpson sun haifar da karuwar fahimtar haƙuri na rigakafi da karɓar / ƙin yarda, wanda ke haifar da transplantation na gabobin don zama mafi aminci da nasara ga marasa lafiya. Yanzu tana amfani da bayanai don magance mahimman tambayoyin, kamar zaɓin T cell-repertoire da immunodominance, da kuma tsara samfuran don bincika gyare-gyaren ƙwayoyin haematopoietic.

## Kyaututtuka da girmamawa

* 1999 Fellow na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kiwon Lafiya 
* 2000: OBE 
* 2010: Mai girmamawa na Kwalejin Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons 
* 2010: Fellow na Royal Society 
* 2011: memba mai daraja na British Transplantation Society 
* 2015: HonDSc daga Kwalejin Imperial 
* 2019: "Babban Gudummawa ga Kimiyya don Ayyukan Rayuwa a cikin Immunology da Inflammation" - Jami'ar Sarauniya Maryamu ta London 

## Manazarta