Hino Tomiko

Hino Tomiko (日野 富子; 1440 - Yuni 30, 1496) ta kasance fitacciyar mace a Lokacin Muromachi da farkon Lokacin Sengoku . Ita 'yar Hino Shigemasa ce kuma ita ce matar hukuma ta Ashikaga Yoshihisa">Ashikaga Yoshimasa, *[./&#x3C;i&#x20;id= shōgun]*" id="mwEg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Shōgun">shōgun na takwas na Ashikaga shogunate (da farko Tomiko ta yi riƙo ga Ashikaga Yoshikatsu shōgun ta bakwai amma Yoshikatsu ta mutu tana da shekaru 10), kuma mahaifiyar AshikagaYoshihisa, shōgon na tara. Ana ganin kokarin da ta yi a lokacin rikice-rikicen maye gurbin a matsayin daya daga cikin dalilan Yaƙin Ōnin kuma ya haifar da farkon lokacin Sengoku.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Hino Tomiko a cikin iyalin Hino, wata iyali mai ƙarfi wacce matanta suka zama abokan aure ga tsoffin Shoguns. Waɗannan alaƙar iyali sun ƙara wa Hino ƙarfin iko wajen sarrafa Kotun Shogunate. Tomiko ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ƙarfafa dangantakar iyalin Hino da Shogunate da kuma ba ta damar ƙara ƙarfi. Lokacin da matsayin Tomiko a zamantakewa da siyasa ya tashi bayan aurenta da Ashikaga Yoshimasa, ta yanke shawarar ci gaba da aiki a gwamnatin shogunal. Ta haifi ɗanta na fari a rana ta tara ga watan farko na 1459, duk da haka, yaron ya mutu a ranar. Daga baya ta ɗora alhakin mutuwar yaron a kan mai kula da Yoshimasa, Imamairi no Tsubone, wanda daga baya aka kai shi Tsibirin Oki a Tafkin Biwa, inda ta kashe kanta.

## Yaƙin Onin
A shekara ta 1460, Yoshimasa ta yanke shawarar barin mukaminsa na Shogun. Duk da haka, tunda Tomiko ba ta haifi magaji ba, Yoshimasa ta shawo kan ƙaninsa Ashikaga Yoshimi ya gaje shi, da farko a ofis sannan a hankali ya ɗauki matsayin Shogun. Tomiko ta ƙi amincewa da hakan, kodayake a lokacin ba ta da wani tasiri na ƙalubalantar naɗin Yoshimi. Ta tsaya tana yaƙi da jami'an shogunate har sai da ta haifi Ashikaga Yoshihisa ta gaba, ta zama uwar shogun ta gaba. Tomiko ta fara neman tallafin soja don tabbatar da cewa magaji na gaba ya fito daga zuriyar danginta. Ta sami goyon baya daga dangin Ouchi, Hatakeyama, Shiba da sauran kabilu.

Da yake tana cikin dangin Hino, kuma tana samun goyon bayan Yamana Sozen, ƙungiyoyi biyu suka haɗu a babban birnin, wato dangin Hosokawa, waɗanda suka goyi bayan sabon naɗin Shogun, Yoshimi, da kuma dangin Yamana, waɗanda suka goyi bayan gadon Yoshihisa. Don haka, ana cewa sha'awar Tomiko na sanya ɗanta a layin gadon ya haifar da Yaƙin Onin .

Tomiko ta goyi bayan Rundunar Sojan Gabas wadda Hosokawa Katsumoto ke jagoranta. Ta ba da rance mai yawa ga daimyos a ɓangarorin biyu, inda ta tara dukiya da aka kiyasta ta kai yen biliyan 60 a darajar yau. A kusan shekara ta 1471, jita-jita ta yaɗu game da wata sirri tsakanin Tomiko da Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado, wanda ke neman mafaka a Muromachi Tei. Wannan ya taimaka wajen taɓarɓare dangantakarta da Yoshimasa.

A shekara ta 1473, bayan mutuwar Yamana Sozen da Hosokawa Katsumoto, da kuma ritayar Yoshimasa, Tomiko ya zama shugaban shogunate.

## Bayan Yaƙin Onin
Bayan ƙarshen Yaƙin Onin a shekara ta 1477, Tomiko ta fuskanci boren manoma (Tokusei Ikki) a Kyoto saboda ƙoƙarinta na sake gina kayayyakin more rayuwa na birnin ta hanyar sanya haraji a ƙofofin birni bakwai (Kyoto Shichikoukan). A martanin da ta mayar ga boren, ta danne boren kuma nan take ta mayar da kuɗin harajin. Duk da waɗannan ayyukan, talakawa da masu kuɗi sun ƙi ta.

Yoshimasa, wacce ke da nisa da Tomiko, ta ƙaura zuwa gidan Ise Sadamune a shekara ta 1483, ta zama mai shan giya. Wannan ya haifar da asarar iko na ɗan lokaci ga Tomiko. Duk da haka, a shekara ta 1489, mutuwar Yoshimasa kwatsam a lokacin yaƙin neman zaɓe da aka yi da ƙabilar Rokkaku ta canza daidaiton iko. Tomiko, tare da surukinta, Ashikaga Yoshizumi (wanda aka fi sani da Ashikaga Yoshihisa), sun tsara hawan Yoshizumi a matsayin shogun na 11.

A shekara ta 1489, Yoshihisa ta mutu yayin da take yin wani yaƙi don kwace Rokkaku Takayori, wanda hakan ya biyo bayan mutuwar Yoshimasa. Don haka Ashikaga Yoshitane, wanda ɗan Yoshimi ne kuma ƙanwar Tomiko, aka zaɓe shi a matsayin sarkin yaƙin. Amma Yoshimi ya yi tawaye ga shawarar Tomiko. Ya rushe gidan Tomiko ya kwace yankinta. Bayan mutuwar Yoshimi, Yoshiki shi ma ya yi tawaye ga Tomiko, bisa ga wasiyyar mahaifinsa. A shekara ta 1493, duk da haka, Tomiko ta yi juyin mulki tare da taimakon Hosokawa Masamoto, ta sauke Yoshiki daga karagar mulki sannan ta naɗa Ashikaga Yoshizumi, wanda ɗan uwan Yoshimasa ne kuma ɗan Ashikaga Masatomo, Horigoe-Kubo a matsayin sarkin yaƙin. Amma rayuwarta ta ƙare a shekara ta 1496. Ta mutu tana da shekaru 57.

## A cikin al'adun jama'a

* Ta kasance batun littattafan Ryōtarō Shiba da Michiko Nagai .
* Ita ma ta kasance batun wani littafi mai suna *Fuyu No Rakijatsu* na Eri Kawamaru.
* Hino Tomiko ya kasance babban jigon wasan kwaikwayo na NHK Taiga *Hana no Ran* .

## Duba kuma

* Onna-bugeisha
* Jerin sunayen 'yan mata a Japan

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Taskar Samurai: Hino Tomiko (an adana shi a ranar 16 ga Maris, 2019)