Gardner Pinnacles

The **Gardner Pinnacles** ( Hawaiian   ) wasu tsibirai ne guda biyu da bakararre dutsen da ke kewaye da reef kuma suna cikin tsibiran Hawai na Arewa maso yamma .

**Dutsen dutsen Pūhāhonu** wanda ke da alhakin kololuwar yana da nisan mil      arewa maso yamma na Honolulu da  daga Faransa Frigate Shoals . Jimillar yanki na ƙananan tsibiran guda biyu, ragowar wani tsohon dutsen mai aman wuta, mafi girma a duniya, ya kai    .  Mafi girman tsayi shine  .   Ruwan da ke kewaye yana da yanki fiye da  . 

An gano Gardner Pinnacles kuma an sanya musu suna a cikin 1820 ta jirgin ruwa na *Maro* .  Tsibirin na iya zama ragowar ƙarshe na ɗayan manyan tsaunuka masu fitattun wuta a Duniya. Yana riƙe da rikodin mafi girma kuma mafi zafi. 

## Tarihi

An fara gano Gardner Pinnacles ne a ranar 2 ga Yuni, 1820, ta hanyar mai kifi na Amurka *Maro,* wanda Kyaftin Joseph Allen ya umarce shi.

A shekara ta 1859, matsayin Gardner Pinnacles ya ƙaddara ta hanyar binciken jirgin ruwa na USS  . 

Gardner Pinnacles gida ne ga giant opihi (*Cellana talcosa*), wani limpet da aka sani a cikin Hawaiian kamar 'opihi ko'ele, wanda ba a samu a ko'ina cikin duniya a waje da tsibirin Hawaiian. Kwari da yawa suna zaune a tsibirin.

A cikin 1903 Gardner Pinnacles ya zama wani ɓangare na Tsibirin Hawaiian Bird Reservation .  A shekara ta 1940 ya zama wani ɓangare na Tsibirin Hawaiian National Wildlife Refuge .  A cikin karni na 21 yana daga cikin mafakar namun daji ta Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument. [a]

An yi amfani da Gardner Pinnacles a matsayin wurin saukar helikofta na gaggawa don aikin HIRAN na Hawaii, ƙoƙari na ƙayyade wuraren tsibirai na yankin tare da cikakken daidaito don dalilai na kewayawa. A cikin tsibirin Hawaiian, tsibirai / reefs da ke kusa da su sune Frigate Shoals na Faransa a kudu maso gabas, da Maro Reef a arewa maso yamma.

## Ilimin ƙasa

Tsibirin ya ƙunshi dutsen basalt,  wanda ya fito daga lava ya fashe tsakanin 14 da 12 shekaru miliyan da suka wuce.   Dutsen yana da duhu launin toka kuma mai yawa,  kuma yana da babban abun ciki mai zurfi wanda ke nuna tushen magma ya kasance a  .  

Dangane da rahoton 2020 a cikin Wasikun Kimiyya na Duniya da Duniya, Pūhāhonu ya ƙunshi kusan 150,000  kilomita (36,000   na dutse, bisa ga binciken sonar na 2014.  Wannan zai sa ya zama dutsen wuta mafi girma a duniya. Kimanin kashi ɗaya bisa uku na wannan ƙarar ne kawai aka fallasa a saman teku yayin da sauran aka binne su a ƙarƙashin zoben tarkace, murjani mai fashewa, da sauran kayan da suka lalace daga saman. Idan aka kwatanta, daga ƙarƙashin teku zuwa saman, Mauna Kea, a kan Babban Tsibirin Hawaii, shine mafi tsayi a cikin garkuwar dutse a Duniya, amma babu inda yake kusa da Pūhāhonu. Wani dutsen mai fitattun wuta a kan Babban Tsibirin shine Mauna Loa; binciken 2013 ya kiyasta girman Mauna Loan a 83,000 cubic kilomita (20,000 cu mi) wanda aka yi imanin ya zama overestimate. [e] Pūhāhonu yana da nauyi sosai, masu bincike sun lura, cewa ya sa ɓawon burodi na Duniya a kusa - kuma ta haka ne dutsen mai fitattun wuta da kansa - ya nutse daruruwan mita a cikin miliyoyin shekaru. Dutsen Puhahonu (Gardner) zai kasance sau biyu fiye da Mauna Loa bisa ga wannan binciken. 

Dutsen Pūhāhonu da Yammacin Pūhōhonu sun samo asali ne daga Hotspot na Hawaii wanda ke ciyar da shi ta hanyar fure na Hawaii wanda yake da babban bugun magmatic a lokacin. [c] Tsakanin sautin magmatic ya samar da tsibirin Hawaiian. [c] Duwatsun teku guda biyar na Naifeh Chain zuwa arewacin Pūhāhonu suna da asalin tectonic daban-daban, kuma sun tsufa (Late Cretaceous).  A wani lokaci an yi la'akari da cewa suna da alaƙa da dutsen wuta na Pūhāhonu saboda dutsen wuta, wanda ba zai iya zama lamarin ba, saboda sabon bambancin shekarun da aka ƙayyade.

## Muhalli
Tsibirin yana da tsire-tsire guda ɗaya da aka sani da girma a ciki, tsire-tire masu tsami. Koyaya, akwai nau'ikan tsuntsaye sama da goma sha biyu da aka lura a nan, da yawa suna yin gida. Har ila yau, akwai nau'ikan kwari iri-iri a tsibirin.

A cikin ruwan da ke kewaye da shi akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan teku, wanda aka lura da shi azaman wurin zama ga limpet, babban ophi wanda ke zaune a yankunan ruwa na tsibirin dutse. Akwai nau'ikan kifi da coral da yawa a cikin ruwan da ke kusa.

Yawancin tsuntsaye sun rufe wurare da yawa na tsibirin a cikin guano, suna ba shi fararen bayyanar.

Wasu daga cikin nau'ikan kifi a cikin ruwan da ke kusa sun haɗa da Red lip parrotfish, doublebar goatfish, da reef triggerfish.

## Sunan
Sunan Gardner ya fito ne daga bincikensa a cikin 1820, lokacin da Kyaftin Joseph Allen na jirgin *Maro* ya ba shi suna Gardner's Island .  Sun kuma gano Maro Reef, wanda aka sanya masa suna saboda wannan jirgin ruwa.

Wani lokaci ana kiranta Gardner Rock ko Gardner Island, ban da Gardner Pinnacles . 

Sunan Hawaiian, **'Puha**', yana nufin 'tsuntsu don iska', daga pūhā 'don numfashi a farfajiya' da *honu* 'tsuntsuwa'.

## Manazarta