Friedrich-Werner Graf von der Schulenburg

**Friedrich-Werner Erdmann Matthias Johann Bernhard Erich Graf  von der Schulenburg** (20 Nuwamba 1875 - 10 Nuwamba 1944) ya kasance jami'in diflomasiyya Jamus ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Jakadan Jamus na karshe a Tarayyar Soviet kafin Operation Barbarossa, harin Jamus a kan Tarayyar Soviétique a 1941, a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu . Ya fara aikin diflomasiyya kafin Yaƙin Duniya na I, yana aiki a matsayin wakilin da jakada a ƙasashe da yawa. 

Bayan rikici mai tsawo da mulkin Nazi, ya juya wa babban Jam'iyyar Nazi kuma ya shiga cikin makircin da Adolf Hitler ya yi. Bayan da aka gaza a ranar 20 ga Yuli a shekara ta 1944 don kashe Hitler, an zargi Schulenburg da kasancewa mai makirci kuma watanni biyar bayan haka aka kashe shi.

Ya kasance Knight of Justice na Order of St John, wanda Nazis suka dauka da rashin amincewa.

## Ayyukan diflomasiyya

An haifi Schulenburg a Kemberg, a cikin Lardin Prussian na Saxon, ga Count Bernhard Friedrich Wilhelm von der Schulenburg, ya fito ne daga gidan Brandenburg na Schulenburg. Friedrich-Werner yana da alaƙa da Saxon Janarfeldmarschall na ƙarni na 17 Count Johann Matthias von der Schulenburg kuma dan uwan Friedrich Graf von der Schulenburg ne. Bayan shekara guda yana aiki a cikin soja, ya yi karatun shari'a a Lausanne, Munich, da Berlin, kuma a cikin 1901 ya shiga aikin kwastam na Ofishin Harkokin Waje a matsayin ƙaramin Ma'aikacin gwamnati (Assessor). A shekara ta 1903, an nada shi a matsayin mataimakin kwastomomi a Babban ofishin jakadancin Jamus a Barcelona, kuma a cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya ya sami kansa yana aiki a ofisoshin jakadanci a Lemberg, Prague, Warsaw, da Tbilisi. Tare da barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na farko a shekara ta 1914, Schulenburg ya koma soja, kuma bayan Yaƙin Marne na farko an ɗaukaka shi zuwa kyaftin a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1914 kuma ya sanya shi a matsayin mai kula da batirin bindigogi. A shekara ta 1915, an tura shi a matsayin jami'in hulɗa na Jamus ga Ottoman_Army" id="mwRA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ottoman Army">Sojojin Ottoman a kan Armeniya Front . A watan Oktoba 1915, ya isa Erzurum kuma ya gaji Max Scheubner-Richter a matsayin Mataimakin Kwastam na Jamus. A shekara ta 1916, ya karɓi umurnin rundunar Sojojin Georgia a cikin gwagwarmayar da aka yi da Daular Rasha har zuwa rushewarta a shekara ta 1917. A lokacin da yake cikin soja, ya sami Iron Cross da wasu manyan girmamawa na Ottoman. Bayan rushewar Daular Jamus, 'yan Birtaniya sun kama shi kuma sun tsare shi a tsibirin Marmara Sea na Prinkipo (wanda yanzu ake kira Büyükada). Ya koma Jamus a shekarar 1919. An sake dawo da Schulenburg a Ofishin Harkokin Waje kuma ya zama wakilin Jamus a Beirut.

A cikin shekarun 1930, Schulenburg ya sami *Burg Falkenberg*, wani gidan sarauta a cikin Upper Palatinate. Ya canza shi kuma ya gyara shi don zama gida don ritaya. An gudanar da wannan babban aiki tsakanin 1936 da 1939.

## Ayyukan adawa
Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na farko, Schulenburg ya sake samun aikin diflomasiyya, ya zama, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, wakilin Tehran da Bucharest. A shekara ta 1934, an nada shi jakadan Jamus a Tarayyar Soviet . Schulenburg ya goyi bayan yarjejeniya tsakanin Jamus da Tarayyar Soviet, kuma ya taimaka wajen kawo Yarjejeniyar Ba da Kasuwanci ta Jamus da Soviet a watan Agusta 1939. Bayan mamayewar Soviet a Poland, duk da yanayin yaki tsakanin Jamus da Poland, ya yi amfani da matsayinsa na babban jakadan a Moscow don ba da damar jami'an diflomasiyyar Poland (ciki har da jakadan Wacław Grzybowski) su bar Tarayyar Soviet, lokacin da Soviets suka yi ƙoƙarin kama su.

An tsare Schulenburg a cikin duhu game da shirin mamayewar Jamus na Tarayyar Soviet. Ya san tabbas cewa mamayar za ta faru ne kawai 'yan sa'o'i kafin a kaddamar da ita, lokacin da Ministan Harkokin Waje Joachim von Ribbentrop ya aika masa saƙo don karantawa ga Ministan Harashen Waje na Soviet Vyacheslav Molotov yana tabbatar da mamayar. Duk da haka, ya sami tuhuma game da abin da gwamnatinsa ke shirin yi a cikin bazara na shekara ta 1941. A ƙarshe, ya yi ƙoƙari ya hana duk wani magana game da mamayewa ta hanyar nuna ƙarfin soja na Tarayyar Soviet da rashin tsayayya da ajiyar masana'antu. An nakalto shi kamar yadda ya ce wa Molotov a safiyar harin: "A cikin shekaru shida da suka gabata na yi ƙoƙarin yin duk abin da zan iya don ƙarfafa abota tsakanin Tarayyar Soviet da Jamus. "  'Yan makonni kafin mamayewar, Schulenburg ya yi ƙoƙari ya gargadi Jakadan Soviet a Jamus Vladimir Dekanozov game da zarginsa, amma Dekanozov ya watsar da shaidar shirye-shiryen soja a matsayin farfagandar Burtaniya ta ƙarya. 

Bayan mamayar Jamus ta fara a ranar 22 ga Yuni 1941, Soviets sun tsare Schulenburg na 'yan makonni kuma an tura shi zuwa iyakar Soviet-Turkiya don dawowa. Bayan haka, an sanya Schulenburg a matsayin shugaban Kwamitin Rasha, wani mukamin Ofishin Harkokin Waje ba tare da tasirin siyasa ba, don kawar da shi.

He later joined the conspiracy to overthrow Hitler in the hope of reaching a quick peace agreement in the east. He was ready and willing to negotiate even with Joseph Stalin on behalf of the plotters. Had they been successful in overthrowing Hitler, Schulenburg would have been a high-ranking official in the Foreign Office; some sources had him listed as foreign minister.
After the failure of the attempt on Hitler's life on 20 July 1944, Schulenburg was arrested and charged with high treason. On 23 October 1944, the *Volksgerichtshof* ("People's Court") sentenced him to death, and he was hanged on 10 November 1944 at Plötzensee Prison in Berlin.

## Aure
Ya auri Elisabeth von Sobbe (Burg bei Magdeburg, 1875-1955) daga 1908 zuwa 1910, kuma yana da 'yar:

* Christa-Wernfriedis Hanna Margarete Engelberta Gräfin von der Schulenburg (1908-1993), ta auri Max Wolfgang, Freiherr von Lindenfels (1908-1982) 

## Dubi kuma

* Tsayayyar Jamusanci ga Nazism
* Dangantakar Jamus da Tarayyar Soviet, 1918-1941
* Jerin mambobin shirin 20 ga Yuli

## Manazarta