Dokar Canjin Yanayi 2008

**Dokar Canjin Yanayi** 2008 (c 27) doka ce ta Majalisar Dokokin Burtaniya. Dokar ta sanya ya zama aikin Sakataren Gwamnati na rage yawan hayaki mai gurbata muhalli, wajen gujewa sauyin yanayi mai hadari. Dokar na da nufin baiwa Burtaniya damar zama kasa mai karancin iskar Carbon kuma tana baiwa ministocin ikon gabatar da matakan da suka wajaba don cimma ire-iren manufofin rage gurbacewar iska. An ƙirƙiri wani kwamiti mai zaman kansa kan sauyin yanayi a ƙarƙashin dokar don ba da shawara ga Gwamnatin Burtaniya kan waɗannan maƙasudi da manufofi masu alaƙa. A cikin dokar Sakataren Gwamnati yana nufin Sakataren Makamashi da Sauyin Yanayi.

Manufar asali ita ce raguwa da kashi 80 cikin 100 nan da 2050 amma a cikin watan Yunin 2019 an ƙarfafa wannan zuwa maƙasudin "sifili" na raguwa 100%.

## Makasudin fitar da iskar carbon
A ranar 16 ga Oktoba 2008 Ed Miliband, Sakataren Gwamnati na Makamashi da Sauyin Yanayi, ya sanar da cewa dokar za ta ba da umarnin rage kashi 80% gabaɗaya a cikin iskar gas guda shida nan da 2050.

Lokacin da aka fara bugawa Gwamnati ta ba da shawarar cewa dokar za ta gindaya ginshikin rage kashi 60%, ban da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama da jigilar kayayyaki na kasa da kasa, adadin da ya kasance burin gwamnati na wasu shekaru. An karɓi ainihin adadi na 60% bisa shawarar Hukumar Sarauta kan gurɓacewar muhalli, wanda aka yi a cikin rahoton su na Yuni 2000 Makamashi – Muhalli na Canji. Idan wasu ƙasashe ma suka amince da su, rage kashi 60% ta 2050 ana tsammanin zai iya iyakance yawan iskar carbon dioxide zuwa fiye da sassa 550 a kowace miliyan wanda, galibi ana tunanin a lokacin, zai iya hana yanayin zafi na duniya ya tashi sama da 2 ° C (3.6 ° F) don haka guje wa mummunan sakamako na dumamar yanayi. Hukumar ta Royal ta ci gaba da cewa ya kamata a rage kashi 80 cikin 100 a shekara ta 2100, kuma ya kamata a kiyaye iyakar 550 ppm 'a karkashin bita'. Sun sake bayyana muhimmancin hakan a watan Janairun 2006.

Alkaluman Hukumar Sarauta sun dogara ne kan shawarar da Majalisar Ministocin EU ta yanke a watan Yuni 1996 na takaita fitar da hayaki zuwa 550 ppm, wanda ke kunshe a cikin Dabarun Al'ummarsu kan Sauyin Yanayi.[6] Wannan, bi da bi, ya dogara ne akan Rahoton Gwaji na Biyu na IPCC na 1995, wanda ya fara ambata haɗin 550 ppm – 2°C.

Kiyasin kimiyya a taron 2005 na Gujewa Hatsarin Sauyin Yanayi na kasa da kasa, wanda aka gudanar a Exeter a karkashin shugabancin Burtaniya na G8, ya kammala cewa a matakin 550 ppm yana yiwuwa a wuce 2 ° C, dangane da hasashe na sabbin yanayin yanayi. Tsayar da yawan iskar gas a 450 ppm kawai zai haifar da yuwuwar 50% na iyakance dumamar yanayi zuwa 2 ° C, kuma yana da mahimmanci don samun kwanciyar hankali a ƙasa da 400 ppm don ba da tabbataccen babban tabbaci na bai wuce 2 ° C ba.

Dangane da yawan karuwar halin yanzu - kimanin kusan 2 ppm a kowace shekara - yawan adadin iskar gas mai yuwuwa zai iya kaiwa 400 ppm ta 2016, 450 ppm ta 2041, da 550 ppm ta kusa da 2091. Saboda wannan ne ƙungiyoyin muhalli da wasu jam'iyyun siyasa suka soki 60% da ake niyya a matsayin rashin isasshe, kuma ba su isa ba. (80%-100%), kamar yadda aka ambata a ƙasa. Ware fitar da hayaki daga jiragen sama da jigilar kayayyaki, haɗe da hasashen ci gaban waɗannan yankuna, kuma yana nufin cewa tasirin lissafin zai kasance kawai an rage kashi 35-50% akan matakan 1990 nan da 2050.

Bayan matsin lamba daga jama'a, 'yan majalisa da shawara daga kwamitin sauyin yanayi, an amince da 80% manufa.

## Ci gaban doka
Hanyar samar da doka a Majalisar Dokokin Burtaniya wani lokaci ya ƙunshi matakai masu yawa na shawarwari da muhawara.

### lissafin da ya gabata
Dokar Canjin Yanayi ta 2008 ta riga ta kasance da wani kudurin doka na memba mai zaman kansa mai suna wanda Abokan Duniya suka tsara kuma ya gabatar da shi a gaban majalisa a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 2005. Ko da yake ya sami goyon baya da yawa kudurin ya kasa samun ci gaba yayin da Majalisar ta rushe gabanin babban zaben 2005.

## Manazarta