'Yan makarantar Iran da ke fama da guba

Annobar zuba guba ga mata  'yan makaranta a Iran,  jerin hare-haren sinadarai ne a lokacin da aka ruwaito dalibai a makarantu da yawa a Iran a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban da ba a tantance su ba ta hanyar masu aikata laifuka da ba a san su ba. Wadannan abubuwan sun fara ne a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2022, a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Isfahan,  kuma rahotanni na dubban dalibai da aka kashe a cikin hare-haren da ke gudana an yi iƙirarin cewa sun faru ne a cikin watanni masu zuwa.  Kwamitin kimiyya na Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Iran ya amince da amfani da "mai motsawa da aka sha" a cikin waɗannan guba. Babban Shugaba na Iran Ali Khamenei, ya bukaci hukunci mai tsanani ga masu aikata laifin. Amnesty International ta zargi Jamhuriyar Musulunci da kasancewa cikin waɗannan guba da kuma ɗaukar fansa ga 'yan mata na makaranta saboda ƙin sa hijabi.

Akwai jayayya  da yawa game da dalilan dayasa ake basu guba. Duk da yake wasu suna ba da cutar Mass psychogenic (MPI) a matsayin bayani,    wasu suna nuna cewa gwamnatin Iran tana hakan ne da  niyya yiwa  'yan matan horo don cire hijabi na tilas da sukeyi.  

Masu bincike, kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam da wasu gwamnatoci sun nemi bincike mai zaman kansa don tantance ainihin dalilin daya yasa abubuwan suka faru.

Wasu hukumomin kiwon lafiya na Iran sun ba da sanarwar cewa yawancin hare-haren da aka ruwaito sun kasance ne saboda cutar  damuwa, bakin ciki, da sauran abubuwan da suka shafi tunanin mutum, kodayake a farkon watan Maris, Gwamnatin Iran ta ba da sanar da cewa an kama mutane sama da 100 dake da alaka da abubuwan da suka faru. A ranar 29 ga watan Afrilu shekarar 2023, Ma'aikatar leken asiri ta Iran ta fitar da binciken da aka yi na cikakken bincike wanda ya kammala cewa cututtukan da aka ruwaito ba su suka haifar da wani abu mai guba ba. Saidai ko  haka ya kasance ne saboda dalilai daban-daban ciki har da bayyanar abubuwa daban-daban marasa guba, hysteria, da simulating. Wasu kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu sun nuna shakku game da waɗannan iƙirarin.

## Bayanan da aka gabatar
Tattaunawa game da dalilan da ka iya haifar da abubuwan sun hada da: gwamnatin Iran, da ke neman fansa ga zanga-zangar sanya hijabin tilas da akayi wanda ya kara tsananta bayan mutuwar Mahsa Amini;  'yan Iran masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da ke son yin koyi da Taliban na Afghanistan; ko kuma ƙungiyar  Islama mai fafutukar wanzar da Shari'a, mai kama da Boko Haram na Najeriya, waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin hana iyaye tura yara mata zuwa makaranta. Hukumomi da yawa sun bayyana zargin cewa "maƙiya" na Jamhuriyar Musulunci daga kasashen waje na iya kaddamar da hare-hare don tozarta shi.

Robert Bartholomew ya bayyana cewa mutanen da abin ya shafa na iya kasancewa suna fama da "Rashin lafiya na ƙwaƙwalwa".   Ya zana kwatankwacin tsakanin guba da aka ruwaito a Iran da waɗanda aka samu a Afghanistan daga shekarar 2009 zuwa shekarar 2016, da kuma annobar West Bank ta shekarar 1983. A duk waɗannan lokutan gubar  'yan mata Musulmi suna yin rashin lafiya a yanayin ban mamaki  wanda aka danganta da iskar guba bayan wani ya jawo hankali ga wari mai ban mamaki. Game da shari'ar Afghanistan, wasu binciken sun kuma kammala cewa 'yan matan da abin ya shafa, wadanda ke halartar makarantu cikin rashin amincewa da Taliban, suna fama da rashin lafiya.

Simon Wessely na Kwalejin Sarki ya nuna cewa mahimman abubuwan annoba suna nuna cewa wannan lamari ne na rashin lafiyar ƙwaƙwalwa mai yawa. Wasu abubuwan da aka ambata sune: yadda shari'o'in suka bazu a duk faɗin Iran; gaskiyar cewa matasa ne kawai na jinsi ɗaya suka ba da rahoton matsalolin; da kuma saurin warkewar mafi yawan  mutanen da cutar ta shafa.

Dan Kaszeta, masanin makamai masu guba a Cibiyar Kula da Ayyuka ta Royal United, ya ce abubuwan da suka faru suna da kamanceceniya da jerin guba da ba a tabbatar da su ba a makarantun Afghanistan a cikin shekarar 2010.  Alastair Hay, farfesa a fannin ilimin muhalli a Jami'ar Leeds, ya sake nazarin sakamakon gwajin jini daga 'yan matan Iran da ake zargin yimusu guba, Amma  bai sami wata shaida ta guba ba. Kaszeta da Hay sun kuma gaya wa Nature.com cewa ba su kawar da cewa halin da ake ciki a Iran wani lamari ne na rashin lafiya mai yawa ba. John Drury, masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam a Jami'ar Sussex, ya gaya wa Nature.com cewa Tsoron gubar da ta faru ta baya "ta haifar da alamun bayyanar cututtuka kamar ƙishirwa, ɓacin rai, da hyperventilation" kuma "yana da wahala a rarrabe tsakanin tasirin halayyar mutum da bayyane ainihin haɗarin".

A tattaunawa da muryar America sashin Persian, Sina Foroutannejad  masanin sinadarai a makarantar kimiyya ta Polish yafada a tattaunawa bayan bibiyar sakamakon yaran da abin yasha fa. Ya karkare cewa   dalilan sinadarai bazasu zama boyeyyun  al-amura ba , sai dai ya ya bayyana daga sakamakon daliban alamomi irinsu  fuskantar cutar barin jiki kuma sakamakon wata ɗaliba ya nuna damuwar cutar  diabetes-kamar alamomi nta, ya karkare cewa  dalilai na sinarai suna yiwuwa a bangarenorganophosphate . Foroutannejad yace haɗuwar wadannan alamomin dakuma sakamakon daliban  yana nuna cewa a kanshin dan itace ka iya zama Mahadi soman.&#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Tattaunawa game da nau'in guba