open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Samantha Logan

**Samantha Jade Logan** (An haife ta ne a ranar 27 ga watan Oktoba, 1996)  yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Amurka. An fi saninta ne da rawar da ta taka a matsayin Olivia Baker a cikin jerin CW Duk Amurkawa, Nina Jones a cikin zango na biyu na shirin Netflix 13 Reasons why, da Tia Stephens a cikin jerin Freeform The Fosters. Sauran manyan ayyukanta sun haɗa da Teen Wolf, Melissa Joey, Babban Asibitin da 666 Park Avenue.

## Rayuwa da Sana'a

An haifi Logan a Boston, Massachusetts, na zuriyar Irish da Trinidadian. Idan kuna son rugujewar yadda ni rabin dan Irish-Trinidadian ne. Domin mahaifina daga Trinidad ne kuma mahaifiyata 'yar Irish ce. Don haka, a zahiri sun yanke shawarar haɗa ni da ita. Don haka ni ne ɗan Irish-Trinadadian.

Ta halarci Makarantar Ƙwararru ta zane da Fiorello H. LaGuardia. Avenue yana taka rawar Nona Clark. An soke jerin bayan yanayi guda a cikin 2013. Logan daga baya an jefa shi a cikin Babban Asibitin opera na sabulu na rana ABC kamar yadda Taylor DuBois.

A cikin shekarar 2014, Logan ta fito a cikin fim ɗin ban dariya Alexander da Mummunan, Mummuna, Babu Kyau, Mummuna Rana kuma yana da rawar gani akai-akai akan ABC Family sitcom Melissa & Joey, da wasan kwaikwayo na matashi na MTV Teen Wolf. Daga 2014 zuwa 2015 ne kuma, ta yi rawar gani maimaituwa a matsayin Tia Stephens a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na ABC Family The Fosters. A cikin shekarar 2015, Logan ta kasance memba na wasan kwaikwayo na yau da kullun a cikin Membobin wasan opera na farko na ABC wanda ba a kai ba kuma a cikin 2016 baƙon ya yi tauraro a kashi na 300 na NCIS. Hakanan a cikin 2016, Logan yayi tauraro a cikin NBC sabulun opera matukin jirgi na Mummuna.

## Hotuna

## Manzarta
Mina El Hammani

**Mina El Hammani** (Larabci: ﻣﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻟﻤﺎﻧﻲ ; an haife ta ne a ranar 29 ga watan Nuwamba a shekarar 1993) 'yar wasan kwaikwayon kasar Spaniya ce wacce aka fi sani da rawar da ta taka na 'Nadia' a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin mai dogon zango na Élite.

## Rayuwar Farko
An haifi Mina El Hammani kuma ta girma a garin Madrid. Iyalinta 'yan asalin kasar Morocco ne. Ta fara aikin wasan kwaikwayo a shekarar 2014.

## Manazarta
Claudia Salas

**Claudia Calvo Salas**
(an haife ta ne a ranar 23 ga watan Yuli a shekarar 1994), wacce aka fi sani da **Claudia Salas** yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta kasar Spaniya. Ta sami sananne saboda aikinta na Rebe a cikin Elite.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Claudia Calvo Salas an haife ta ne a birnin Madrid a ranar 23 ga watan Yuli a shekarar 1994. Ta yi karatun wasan kwaikwayo a Makarantar Drama ta Arte4 a Madrid. Damarta ta farko ta talabijin ta kasance ƙaramar rawa a cikin wasan opera ta sabulu Seis hermanas. Ta taka rawa a matsayin Rebe a cikin zango na biyu na shirin *[[Elite (TV series)|Elite]]*, Hakazalika ta fito a *[[Chav|choni]]*,, wanda ya haifar da cigaba bayan an saki fim din a shekarar 2019. Sannan ta fito a matsayin Escalante a zango na biyu na shirin La peste, shirin  wasan kwaikwayo da yasa ta samu kyautar Gwarzuwar sabuwar yar wasan kwaikwayo a bikin bayar da kyaututtukan na 29th Actors and Actresses Union Awards. Harwayau ta dawo a matsayin Rebe a zango na uku, hudu. da biyar na shirin Elite kuma sun fito a cikin fim mai ban tsoro na shekarar 2022, mai suna *[[Piggy (2022 film)|Piggy]]*.

A cikin Fabrairu 2022, ta yi haɗin-gwiwa tare da Ricardo Gómez, Elisabet Casanovas da Àlex Monner babban jarumi a shirin fim mai dogon zango na *[[The Route (TV series)|The Route]]*, Wani dan gajeren fim mai dogon zango game da jerin lokaci game da, .

## Fina-finai
### Fim da shirye-shiryen Talabijin

## Lambar yabo

## Manzarta
Ramgarh

Gari ne da yake a Yankin Kaimur  dake a karkashin jahar Bihar a kasar indiya. Akidayar shekarar 2011 Garin yana da jumullar mutane 8,690.  

## Manazarta
Ramnagar

Ramnagar na iya nufin:

## [[Bangladesh]]
* Ramnagar, Bangladesh, ƙauye ne a yankin Chittagong
* Ramnagar Union, Jessore Sadar

## [[Indiya]]
### Jammu na Kashmir
* Ramnagar, Udhampur, gari ne a Jammu da Kashmir
* Ramnagar Fort Udhampur
* Ramnagar (Mazabar Majalisar Jammu da Kashmir)

## Karnataka
* Ramanagara, a garin a Karnataka
* Ramanagara gundumar
* Ramanagaram (Mazabar Vidhana Sabha)
Sabour

Gari ne da yake a town Gujrat district . under Punjab lardin in Pakistan its union council of Kharian tehsil, As1998 Garin yana da jumullar mutane 27915.

## Manazarta
Jami'ar Leipzig

**Jami’ar Leipzig** tana cikin garin Leipzig a gabacin Jamus a jihar Sachsen. Sunan latin Alma Mater Lipsiensis ne.

## Tarihi
An kafa jami’ar Leipzig a shekara 1409. Tana daya daga tsaffofin jami’o’i a Turai, da kuma na biyu mafi tsufa a Jamus. Jami’ar ta yi aiki ba tare da katsewa ba. Frederick I, mai mulkin Sachsen da dan uwarsa William II, sun kafa jami’ar a ranar 2 ga Disemba 1409. Tun da kafuwarta, Jami’ar Leipzig ta gudanar da bincike da koyawa ba tare da katsewa ba fiye da shekaru 600. Har ila yau, jami’a ta kasance daya daga cikin jami’o’in Jamus na farko inda mata suke iya shiga jami’a a matsayin baƙi da kuma suke halartar laccoci. A cikin 1873 ƴar Rasha Anna Yevreinova ita ce mace na farko a Jamus don samun digiri a nazarin shari’a daga Jami’ar Leipzig. Duk da haka, Jami’ar Leipzig kuma ta fuskanci lokuta masu wahala. Yaƙin Duniya na biyu ya halaka birnin da jami’a da yawa. Ya lalata manyan sassan jami’ar, amma an ci gaba da karatu. An ce a karshen yaƙin kashi 60 na gineginen jami’o’i da kashi 70 na litattafai da dakunan karatu sun lalace. A cikin lokacin yaƙin duniya na biyu akwai Yahudawa da yawa waɗanda suke yi aiki a jami'ar Leipzig, suke rasa digirinsu jami'ar. Dalilin shi ne wariyan gurguzu na ƙasar Jamus (wato nazism) ga Yahudawa. A cikin shekaru 75 Jamus da birnin Leipzig suka canza gaba ɗaya. Yau, jami'ar Leipzig tana da wuri mai haƙuri da kuma tana ƙaddamad da daidaito tsakanin maza da mata cikin jami'ar. Jami'ar Leipzig tana kula da haɗin gwiwa tare da yawancin sauran jami'o'i a duk duniya kamar Brazil, Asturaliya, Japan, Afirka ta Kudu da Tanzaniya.

## Ilimi da bincike
Yau, Jami’ar Leipzig tana da gine-gine, dakunan karatu, kantuna da yawa a cikin birni. Halin yanzu dalibai kusan 31.000 suna karatu da malamai 465 a sashen jami’a guda 14. Akwai batutuwa na karatu 158 kamar nazarin Afirka, likitan hakora da karatun ilimi. Jami'ar tana da lambun tsirrai mafi dadewar a Jamus, da kuma gidajen tarihi uku da kungiyar makaɗa na jami’a. Jami’ar Leipzig tana da shahararsa da tana jan hankalin ɗalibai da yawa a cikin ƙasa, na Turai da na duniya.

Asibitin jami'a (Universitätsklinikum) ita ce babbar asibitin Leipzig kuma shi ne muhimmin bangaren jami'a. Yana da kusan ma'aikata 6000 da fiye da marasa lafiya 400.000 kowace shekara. Ɗalibai na likitanci, likitan hakora, ilimin harhada magunguna da, tun 2022, dalibin ungozoma su ne ake horar da su.

20 masanin wanɗanda suka lashe kyautar nobel suka da alaƙa da jami'a da kuma wasu mashahuran Jamusawa sun yi karatu a jami’a kamar Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Erich Kästner da Richard Wagner da kuma tsohon shugabar gwamnatin Jamus Angela Merkel.

Lauya Eva Ines Obergfell tana shugaban jami’ar Leipzig tun da Afrilu 1 2022.

## Manazarta
Shahpur

Shahpur, Shapur, Shahpoor, ko Shahapur (Farisi: شاه پور) na iya nufin:

## Mutane
* Shapur (suna), sunan da aka ba Farisa da jerin mutanen da sunan

## Wurare
### Indiya

### Bihar
* Shahpur, Bihar, birni ne a gundumar Bhojpur
** Shahpur, Mazabar Majalisar Bihar
* Shahpur, Aurangabad, ƙauye a gundumar Aurangabad
* Shahpur, Araria, ƙauye a gundumar Araria
* Shahpur, Saharsa, ƙauye a gundumar Saharsa
tashar jirgin kasa ta Shahpur Patori a cikin shingen Shahpur Patori

### Delhi
* Shahpur Jat, ƙauyen birni ne a Kudancin Delhi

### Gujarat
* Shahpur, Gujarat, birni ne kuma yankin da aka sanar a gundumar Ahmedabad
* Shahpur, Kheralu, ƙauye a Kheralu taluka, gundumar Mehsana
* Masallacin Shahpur, masallaci a Ahmedabad
* Shapur Sorath, gari ne a gundumar Junagadh

### Haryana
* Shahpur, Indri, ƙauye a Indri Tehsil, gundumar Karnal, Haryana
* Shahpur, Nissing, ƙauye a Nissing, gundumar Karnal, Haryana
Tarapur

**Tapir** na iya nufin;

* Tarapur, Bihar
* Tarapur, Gujarat
* Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh
* Tarapur, Maharashtra
**Tarapur Atomic Power Station
* Tarapur, Odisha
* Tarapur, Murshidabad
* Tarapur, Raebareli, ƙauye a Uttar Pradesh

## Duba Kuma
*Tarapore
Ala Najjar

**Alaa Najjar** (   Likita ne,  mai gyara Wikipedia kuma mai fafutuka na intanet, wanda aka nada shi Wikimedian na Shekarar a Wikimania a watan Agusta 2021 ta wanda ya kafa Wikipedia Jimmy Wales saboda rawar da ya taka a ci gaban Larabawa da al'ummomin likitoci. rawar da ya taka a ci gaban batutuwan COVID-19 . 

Tare da sunan mai amfani na Wikipedia ****(  ), Najjar babban mai ba da gudummawa ne ga WikiProject Medicine kuma mai gudanar da aikin sa kai a cikin Wikipedia na Larabci .   Shi memba ne na hukumar Wikimedians na Levant User Group   kuma memba na hukumar edita na WikiJournal of Medicine. He is a board member of Wikimedians of the Levant User Group and an editorial board member of the WikiJournal of Medicine.  

## Ilimi da aiki
Najjar ya sauke karatu daga Jami'ar Alexandria, tsangayar ilimin likitanci a watan Janairu 2021 tare da Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MB Bch).  A halin yanzu yana aiki a "asibitin jama'a mai yawan aiki", ya gaya wa The National a cikin 2021.

## Wikipedia da ayyukan Wikimedia

Najjar babban mai ba da gudummawa ne tun 2014, kuma galibin gyaransa yana mai da hankali kan labaran da suka shafi magani. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai gudanarwa a Wikipedia na harshen Larabci da kuma a wasu ayyuka da dama kan ayyuka daban-daban na Wikimedia Foundation .  Hakanan memba ne na kungiyar Wikimedia a cikin Levant  kuma memba na hukumar edita na WikiJournal of Medicine tun Disamba 2018.  Har ila yau, shi mamba ne a kungiyar sadarwar jama'a ta Wikipedia ta Larabci.  

Ya jagoranci aikin COVID-19 akan encyclopedia na Larabci kuma yana ba da gudummawa sosai ga Magungunan WikiProject. Aikin Najjar yana taimakawa wajen yaƙar rashin bayanin likita da tunkarar cutar tare da ingantaccen, ingantaccen bayani.

An nada shi Wikimedian na shekarar a ranar 15 ga Agusta 2021 ta wanda ya kafa Wikipedia Jimmy Wales. An yaba wa Najjar saboda rawar da ya taka a ci gaban al'ummomin Larabawa da na likitoci da kuma rawar da ya taka a ci gaban batutuwan COVID-19 .   Saboda takunkumin tafiye-tafiye, Wales ba za ta iya ba da kyautar ga Najjar kamar yadda aka saba ba, amma a maimakon haka ta yi magana da shi cikin mamaki na Google Meet.

## EditocinNassoshi
Olga Paredes

**Olga Paredes** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1984) ƴar asalin ƙasar Bolivia ce kuma editar Wikipedia. A cikin 2022, abokin haɗin gwiwar samar da Wikipedia Jimmy Wales ya ba ta suna Editar Wikimedia ta shekara a taron Wikimania 2022 na shekara-shekara. Ita ce mutum ta farko daga Bolivia da Latin Amurka da ta sami wannan lambar yabo.

Paredes masaniyar gine-gine ce a Jami'ar Higher na San Andrés . Ita ce shugabar Wikimedistas de Bolivia,  da kuma alaƙa da Wikimuheres (Wikinarii), Heochikas, da kuma gyara OpenStreetMap .

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*
Sandister Tei

**Sandister Tei** kwararriya ce a kafafen yada labarai ta Ghana wadda aka naɗa taGwarzuwar Wikimedia ta shekara a watan Oktoba 2020 ta hannun wanda ya kafa Wikipedia Jimmy Wales . Ita ce mai haɗin gwiwa kuma mai aikin sa kai na Ƙungiyar Masu Amfani ta Wikimedia Ghana.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi

An haifi Tei a birnin Accra, Ghana.  Ta tafi Makarantar Achimota, daga baya Jami'ar Ghana, inda ta yi digiri a fannin Geography  kuma Tullow Group ta ba ta guraben karatu a 2013 don yin digiri na biyu a aikin jarida na duniya a Jami'ar Cardiff . 

## Sana'a
Bayan masters ɗinta a Jami'ar Cardiff, Tei ta shiga tashar dijital ta Al Jazeera AJ+ a cikin 2014.   Daga baya ta yi aiki a Joy FM a takaice a matsayin shugabar kafofin watsa labarun kuma ta koma Citi FM a matsayin ƴar jarida ta multimedia.  

Daga baya Tei ya shiga nunin lokacin tuƙi na Traffic Avenue azaman bugun gefe don Jessica Opare-Saforo .  Ta kuma kasance mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen Tech da Social Media akan nunin Breakfast na Citi wanda ya lashe lambar yabo. 

Har ta tashi daga Citi, ta kasance mataimakiyar Manajan shirye-shirye na Citi FM da Citi TV.

Baya ga rawar da take takawa a kafofin watsa labarai, Tei kuma ta kasance mai horar da kafofin watsa labaru na dijital wacce ta sauƙaƙe horo ga Ƙaddamarwar Shugabannin Matasan Afirka, Muryar Amurka, Ofishin Magajin Garin Accra. 

Tei ta yi aiki da Gidauniyar Wikimedia  tun daga 2021.

## Ayyukan Wikimedia

Tei itace wanda ta kafa Wikimedia Ghana User Group, wata al'ummar Wikimedian Ghana wacce aka ƙirƙira a cikin 2012. Ayyukan sa kai da ta yi a wurin sun hada da daukar masu gyara Wikipedia da sauran ayyukan wayar da kai. Ta kuma taimaka wajen kaddamar da kamfen don fara koke kan 'Yancin Panorama a Ghana a cikin 2018 a re:publica Accra.

Ta wakilci rukunin masu amfani da Wikimedia Ghana a Washington DC don tattaunawa da masu shirya Wikimania na 2012 game da hanyoyin haɓaka abubuwan Afirka akan Wikipedia.  A shekara mai zuwa, ta halarci Wikimania a Hong Kong a matsayin wani bangare na taron editocin Afirka na yau da kullun, inda ta zama mace ta farko a Ghana da ta halarci irin wannan taro.  Ta halarci  a Berlin, tare da inganta karuwar labarai kan batutuwan Afirka kan ayyukan Wikimedia. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan manufofinta shine "daidaita" da "ƙwarewar hangen nesa daban-daban".

An naɗa ta Editar Wikimedia ta Shekara a ranar 15 ga Oktoba 2020 ta wanda ya kafa Wikipedia Jimmy Wales a cikin watsa shirye-shiryen YouTube da Facebook kai tsaye.  An yaba wa Tei saboda irin gudunmawar da ta bayar ga ayyukan Wikimedia na yada cutar ta COVID-19 a Ghana, tare da taimakawa wajen ci gaba da yin rikodi na dindindin na illolin cutar a can. Saboda takunkumin tafiye-tafiye, Wales ba za ta iya ba da kyautar ga Tei kamar yadda aka saba ba, amma a maimakon haka ta yi magana da ita cikin kiran zuƙowa mai ban mamaki.

## Sauran ayyuka

Yayin da take Wales, an gano cewa tana fama da ciwon damuwa kuma maganinta na baya ya taimaka wajen inganta yanayinta da maki; sai ta kafa Purple People, ƙungiyar tallafawa lafiyar hankali (yanzu ba aiki) ga mutanen da ke fama da yanayin yanayi, shekaru bayan ta yi fama da baƙin ciki da kanta.

## Nassoshi
Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight

**Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight** An haife ta a ranar 5 ga watan Disamban shekarar 1953) editan Wikipedia ce ta Amurka, wacce aka sani akan rukunin yanar gizon ƙarƙashin sunan Rosiestep, wacce aka santa da ayyukanta na magance son zuciya a cikin kundin sani ta hanyar gudanar da wani aiki don ƙara ƙima da ingancin tarihin rayuwar mata. Ta ba da gudummawar dubban sabbin labarai.

An nada Stephenson a matsayin co-Wikipedian na shekara a cikin 2016. A watan Mayu 2018, an girmama ta tare da ƙwararrun mawallafa na Serbia a matsayin Dame na St. Sava Order of Diplomatic Pacifism. An zabe ta a Hukumar Amintattun Gidauniyar Wikimedia a watan Oktoba 2021

## Farkon rayuwa da karatu
Stephenson-Goodknight yar asalin Serbia ce. Ita ce jikanyar Paulina Lebl-Albala, ƙwararriyar mata wadda ita ce shugabar matan Jami'ar Yugoslavia. David Albala, kakanta, likita ne kuma shugaban yahudawan sahyoniya, wanda ya yi aiki na wani lokaci a matsayin shugaban al'ummar Sephardi na Belgrade. Tun tana karama, ta nuna sha’awar al’adun duniya, amma mahaifinta ya hana ta neman sana’ar sanin dan Adam; maimakon haka ta kammala digiri na biyu a fannin kasuwanci.

## Gudummuwa ga Kungiyar Wikipedia

## Manazarta
Editan Wikimedia na shekara

**Editan Wikimedia na Shekara ko ** kyauta ce ta shekara-shekara wacce ke girmama masu gyara Wikipedia da sauran masu ba da gudummawa ga ayyukan Wikimedia don nuna manyan nasarori a cikin harkar Wikimedia, wanda abokin haɗin gwiwar samar da Wikipedia Jimmy Wales ya kafa a watan Agustan shekarar 2011. Wales ta zaɓi waɗanda aka karɓa kuma ta karrama su a Wikimania, taron shekara-shekara na Gidauniyar Wikimedia - sai dai a cikin 2020, 2021, da 2022 an sanar da waɗanda suka karɓi kyaututtukan ne a yanar gizo sakamakon annobar cutar COVID-19 .  Daga 2011 zuwa 2017, an ba da lambar yabo ta **Wikipedian na Shekara.** 

A shekarar 2011, an ba da kyautar ta farko ga Rauan Kenzhekhanuly saboda aikinsa akan Wikipediar Kazakh. A shekara mai zuwa, an ba da kyautar ga edita mai suna "Demmy" don ƙirƙirar bot don fassara gajerun labaran Turanci guda 15,000 zuwa harshen Yarbanci, harshen da ake magana da shi a Najeriya. A cikin 2013, an ambaci Rémi Mathis na Wikimédia Faransa da Wikipedia na Faransa saboda rawar da ya taka a cikin wata taƙaddama. A cikin 2014, an ba da lambar yabo bayan mutuwar ɗan jaridar Ukrainian Ihor Kostenko, wanda ya haɓaka Wikipedia ta Ukrainian akan shafukan sada zumunta kuma an kashe shi yayin zanga-zangar. Wales ta ba da sunan wanda ba a bayyana ba a cikin 2015, kuma yana fatan wata rana su ba da labarinsu. A cikin 2016, an ba da lambar yabo ta haɗin gwiwa ta farko ga Emily Temple-Wood da Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight don ƙoƙarin da suke yi na yaƙar cin zarafi akan Wikipedia da ƙara ɗaukar hoto game da mata. Sauran masu karɓa sun haɗa da Felix Nartey a cikin 2017, Farhad Fatkullin a cikin 2018, da Emna Mizouni a cikin 2019.

Baya ga babbar lambar yabo, Susanna Mkrtchyan da Satdeep Gill ne suka fara samun karramawa a cikin 2015. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an gabatar da wasu abubuwan girmamawa. An faɗa lambar yabo a cikin 2021 tare da ƙarin nau'ikan da suka haɗa da Mai ba da gudummawar Watsa Labarai na Shekara, Sabon shiga na Shekara, Mai Ba da gudummawar Fasaha na Shekara, da Wikimedia Laureate.

## Jerin masu karɓa

## Masu daraja

## Sabon shiga na Shekara
An fara ba da lambar yabo ta Sabuwar Shekara a cikin 2021.

## Wikimedia Laureate (Tsohon 20th Year Honouree)
An fara gabatar da lambar yabo ta 20th Honouree a cikin 2021. A cikin 2022, an canza lambar yabo ta Wikimedia Laureate. 

## Mai Ba da Gudunmawar Fasaha na Shekara (Tsohon Mai haɓaka Fasaha)
An fara gabatar da lambar yabo ta Tech Innovator a cikin 2021. An canza sunan lambar yabo ta Tech Contributor of the Year a cikin 2022.

## Mai Taimakawa Watsa Labarai Na Shekara (Tsohon Media Rich)
An fara gabatar da lambar yabo ta Rich Media a cikin 2021. An canza sunan karramawar mai ba da gudummawa ta Media na shekara a 2022.

## Wikimedia Affiliate Spotlight
An fara gabatar da Haɗin Wikimedia Spotlight a cikin 2022. Art+Feminism da Wikimedia UK sun sami karbuwa daga Kwamitin Haɗin kai na Wikimedia (AffCom) a cikin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙarfafawa da Gudanarwa, bi da bi  .

## Duba kuma

* Jerin lambobin yabo na sa kai

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*
Jibiya Dam

**Dam ɗin Jibiya,** yana a ƙaramar hukumar Jibiya a jihar Katsina a arewacin Najeriya. Yana da tsarin cika ƙasa tare da layin geomembrane, tare da tsayin 23.5 m da tsayin 3,660 m, kuma yana da damar 142 miliyan m3. An kera dam ɗin ne a shekarar 1987 kuma an kammala shi a shekarar ta 1989, kuma an gina shi ne domin tallafawa ayyukan ban ruwa da samar da ruwa.  Yanayin filin dam ɗin yana cikin hamada sai dai lokacin damina. Kogin Gada yana gudana kusan watanni hudu ne kawai a kowace shekara, tare da magudanar ruwa a Jibiya sama da 400.km2. Saboda sako-sako da yanayin yashi na saman ƙasa, an yi amfani da layi mai sassauƙa mara kyau wanda zai iya dacewa da daidaitawa ko nakasar wurin. 

Wani kimantawa da aka yi na madatsar ruwa a shekara ta 2004 ya nuna yanayin da yake cikin "mai kyau" amma an lura cewa ba a sake karanta kayan aikin ba tun a shekarar 1994 saboda rashin horar da masu aiki.  Ya zuwa shekarar 2007, ba a yi amfani da madatsar ruwa wajen noman ruwa ba saboda rashin man da za a iya tafiyar da fanfunan tuka-tuka.  Kogin Gada yana kwararowa daga Najeriya zuwa Nijar sannan ya koma Najeriya. A da, yana bushewa tsawon watanni takwas na shekara. A yanzu an samu kayyade kwararar ruwa a duk shekara, wanda ya inganta samar da ruwan sha a Nijar. 

## Yanayi
Yanayin Jibiya Dam yana da nau'in nahiyoyin wurare masu zafi, tare da lokacin damina da lokacin rani, kusan bayan motsin yanayin zafi. Lokacin damina na kai kimanin wata hudu daga watan Mayu zuwa karshen watan Satumba. Yawan mutanen da aka yi hasashen za su kasance a yankunan da aka yi nazarin sun kai kusan 245,000. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na 690mm kuma an samu mafi yawan ruwan sama a lokuta da yawa a cikin watan Agusta. Lokacin rani a daya bangaren yana farawa daga watan Afrilu zuwa da yawa kuma matsakaicin zafin jiki yana tsakanin 750C zuwa 850C. Yayin da busasshiyar iska ta harmattan ke farawa daga watan Satumba zuwa Afrilu kuma ana jin tasirinta sosai lokacin da kurar busasshiyar iska ta ratsa cikin Sahara ta kada yankin.

## Ambaliyar Ruwa
Ambaliyar ruwan Jibia ta afku ne a ranar Lahadi 15 ga watan Yuli 2018 biyo bayan ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya na tsawon sa'o'i 2 da mintuna 30. Ambaliyar ta yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane da dama, da lalata gidaje da dama, da asarar dukiyoyin gidaje da kuma lalata kayayyakin more rayuwa. Dangane da yanayin bala'in, an yi nazari da yawa game da bala'in ambaliya, daga hukumomin gwamnati da masu zaman kansu. Wadanda suka hada da karamar hukumar Jibia, hukumar bada agajin gaggawa ta jihar Katsina (SEMA), hukumar bada agajin gaggawa ta kasa (NEMA) da kuma kungiyar injiniyoyi ta Najeriya (NSE).

## Manazarta
Toyota Rush

Daihatsu Terios  karamin SUV ne wanda kamfanin kera motoci na kasar Japan Daihatsu ya samar tun 1997 a matsayin magajin jerin F300 Rocky . An fara ba da shi a cikin tsarin gajeriyar gajeriyar hanya da dogon zango kafin tsohon ya daina samarwa a cikin 2016 don maye gurbinsa da jerin A200 Rocky crossover a cikin 2019. Bambancin dogon ƙafar ƙafa yana samuwa musamman don kasuwar Indonesiya tare da zaɓuɓɓukan wurin zama na jeri uku. Hakanan ana samun ƙaramin ƙirar motar kei mai suna **Terios Kid** / **Lucia** don ƙirar ƙarni na farko.

Tushen na baya yana da daidaitaccen tsari a duk tsararraki, yayin da zaɓin tuƙi mai ƙafa huɗu ya kasance don ƙirar ƙarni na farko da na biyu.

Tun daga watan Agusta 2016, an sayar da Terios na musamman a Indonesia. Tsawon tsararraki uku, Toyota da Perodua kuma sun yi tallan ta a ƙarƙashin nau'ikan farantin suna.

Sunan "Terios" ya samo asali ne daga tsohuwar kalmar Helenanci, wanda aka fassara shi da yawa zuwa "mafarki gaskiya".
Toyota Innova

**Toyota Innova** jerin motoci ne masu fa'ida da yawa (MPV) wanda kamfanin kera motoci na Japan Toyota ya kera tun 2004, akasari ana sayar da su da kujeru uku. Sunan hukuma a Indonesia **Toyota Kijang Innova**, yayin da wasu ƙasashe ana kiranta da "Innova". Domin ƙarni na biyu, an san shi da **Toyota Innova Crysta** a Indiya da Tailandia. Domin ƙarni na uku, ta karɓi wani moniker a Indonesia kamar **Toyota Kijang Innova Zenix** ( **Toyota Innova Zenix** a kasuwannin ketare ko kawai **Toyota Zenix** a cikin Philippines) kuma a Indiya azaman **Toyota Innova HyCross** da sigar ta **Suzuki Invicto** .

Innova ita ce maye gurbin nau'ikan wagon na Kijang (wanda aka sani da Toyota Utility Vehicle), wanda kuma aka sayar da shi a ƙarƙashin sunaye daban-daban kamar Tamaraw FX/Revo, Unser, Zace da Condor. Kamar Kijang mai fita, ƙarnõni biyu na farko (2004-2022) na Innova su ne motocin da aka gina a kan motar motar da aka yi amfani da su tare da motar motar Hilux da kuma Fortuner SUV a karkashin aikin IMV, maimakon haka. ginin unibody wanda MPVs na zamaninsa ke amfani dashi. An karɓi chassis ɗin sabili da ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙarfi da dorewa waɗanda abokan ciniki suka fi so a Indonesia.  Samfurin ƙarni na uku da aka gabatar a cikin 2022 ya canza zuwa shimfidar tuƙi na gaba, ta amfani da dandamalin GA-C tare da chassis unibody . An yi canjin ne don yin amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na matasan (wanda dandamali na IMV ba zai iya amfani da shi ba), da kuma samar da ta'aziyya da fa'idodin fa'ida na shimfidar tuƙi na gaba. 

Innova ya fara samar da shi a Indonesia a cikin watan Agusta 2004 kuma an kera shi a wasu ƙasashe masu tasowa kamar Indiya, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan da Vietnam. An kuma sayar da Innova a Brunei, Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, kasashen GCC, Ecuador, Masar, Jamaica da Argentina.

Sunan *Innova* ya fito daga kalmar Ingilishi 'innovate'.
Toyota Matrix

**Toyota Matrix**, bisa hukuma ana kiranta da **Toyota Corolla Matrix**,  ƙaramin hatchback ne wanda Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada ke ƙera a Cambridge, Ontario kuma an samo shi daga Corolla . An gabatar da shi a cikin 2002 a matsayin samfurin 2003, Matrix shine sakamakon haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Toyota da General Motors, tare da GM version kasancewa Pontiac Vibe, wanda New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc. ( NUMMI ) a Fremont, California, Amurka. 

An sanya Matrix a matsayin takwaransa na hatchback na wasanni na Arewacin Amurka Corolla kuma an ƙidaya shi azaman bambance-bambancen sa a cikin alkaluman tallace-tallace na Toyota. 

Ko da yake iri ɗaya ne ta hanyar injiniya, kuma kusan a ciki, Matrix da Vibe suna da datti daban-daban da datsa na waje waɗanda samfuran samfuransu suka tsara. Dukansu motocin kunkuntar, dogayen kekunan tasha waɗanda aka sa su a cikin salon SUV (wanda ake kira abin hawa mai amfani da crossover ko "CUV" ta Toyota) kuma ana tallata shi zuwa wani yanki na kasuwa na matasa. Da farko an sayar da shi a cikin Fabrairu 2002,  Matrix ya ga ƙaramin gyara fuska don shekarar ƙirar 2005, kuma an sake fasalin gaba ɗaya a cikin 2008 don shekarar ƙirar 2009, bin ƙarni na goma Corolla . An daina sayar da Matrix a cikin Amurka a cikin 2013 da kuma a Kanada a cikin 2014.
Mohammed Satim Diman

**Mohamad Satim bin Diman** ɗan siyasar ƙasar Malaysia ne kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Selangor wanda ke wakiltar Puchong daga 1995 zuwa 2004 da Seri Serdang daga shekarar 2004 zuwa ta 2013.

## Sakamakon zaɓe

## Daraja

*  :
**  Knight Companion of the Order of Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah (DSSA) – **Dato**' (1997)

## Manazarta
Toyota Starlet

Toyota Starlet  wata karamar mota ce da Toyota ke ƙerawa daga 1973 zuwa 1999, ta maye gurbin Publica, amma tana riƙe lambar "P" ta Publica da lambar tsarawa. An sayar da Starlet ƙarni na farko azaman **Publica Starlet** a wasu kasuwanni. A Japan, ya keɓanta ga dillalan *kantin Toyota Corolla* .

Ita ce motar farko mai ƙanƙantar ƙanƙara daga mai kera motoci na Japan don ba da bambance-bambancen aiki mai girma. Ana samun waɗannan a cikin ƙarni uku: 1986–1989 **Turbo S** (EP71), 1990–1995 **GT Turbo** (EP82), da 1996–1999 **Glanza V** (EP91). Wani bambance-bambancen shine Toyota Sera, wasan motsa jiki da aka yi a farkon shekarun 1990 kuma an sayar da shi a hukumance kawai a Japan; Sera yana da keɓaɓɓen jikin ɗan adam mai kofa biyu da ƙofofin malam buɗe ido amma ya raba chassis na Starlet da injiniyoyi.

A cikin 1999, an maye gurbin Starlet da Vitz - wanda aka sayar a matsayin Echo ko Yaris a kasuwannin duniya - da kuma bB mini MPV, wanda aka sayar da shi a matsayin Scion xB a Kanada da Amurka kuma a matsayin Daihatsu Materia a Turai. Duk da haka, Toyota ya fice daga kasuwar motoci ta Turai har zuwa lokacin da aka kaddamar da Aygo a 2005.

An sake farfado da farantin sunan "Starlet" a cikin 2020 don sake fasalin suzuki Baleno hatchback, wanda aka sayar da shi kawai a wasu ƙasashen Afirka (kuma a Indiya a ƙarƙashin sunan "Glanza").
Toyota Paseo

**Toyota Paseo** (Wanda aka fi sani da Toyota Cynos  a Japan da sauran yankuna), Mota ce mai salon wasanni wacce aka sayar daga 1991 har zuwa 1999 ta Toyota. kuma ta dogara da Tercel kai tsaye. Ya kasance samuwa azaman coupé kuma a cikin samfura na baya azaman mai iya canzawa. Toyota ya dakatar da sayar da motar a Amurka a shekarar 1997, duk da haka an ci gaba da sayar da motar a Kanada, Turai da Japan har zuwa 1999. Paseo, kamar Tercel, yana raba dandamali tare da Starlet . Da yawa sassa suna musanya tsakanin ukun.

Sunan "Paseo" shine Mutanen Espanya don "yawo" ko "yawon shakatawa", yayin da sunan "Cynos" kalma ce da aka samo asali daga "cynosure", ma'ana "maƙasudin hankali". A Japan ya keɓanta ga wuraren *shagunan Toyopet* .

An yi Paseo na farko daga 1991 har zuwa 1995. Dangane da jerin L40 na Tercel, ana yin amfani da shi ta injin liyi-hudu 1.5-lita *5E-FE* . A yawancin kasuwanni, an ƙididdige injin Paseo a  a 6,400&nbsp;rpm da  na karfin juyi a 3,200&nbsp;rpm. A cikin 1993, a California da sauran jahohin da ke da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun hayaki na California, an ƙididdige shi a  da  na juyi. An miƙa shi tare da ko dai 5-gudun manual ko 4-gudun atomatik watsa.

A Japan, ana samun Cynos a cikin matakan datsa α (Alpha) da β (Beta). An yi amfani da α datsa ta injin *5E-FE* yana samar da 77 kW (105 PS; 104 hp), yayin da β trim ke aiki da injin *5E-FHE* yana samar da 85 kW (115 PS; 113 hp) da . A cikin datsa β, ana iya zaɓar birki mai ƙafafu huɗu da dakatarwar sarrafa lantarki ta TEMS azaman zaɓuɓɓuka.

An gabatar da Paseo na ƙarni na biyu a Japan a cikin 1995, kuma don shekarar ƙirar 1996 a Arewacin Amurka. Baya ga wasu gyare-gyare a cikin na'urorin lantarki na injin, canjin da ake iya gani kawai shi ne a cikin karfen jikin. An nuna samfurin da za a iya canzawa a Oktoba 1995 Tokyo Motor Show  kuma an sake shi don siyarwa a watan Agusta 1996. 1996 ita ce shekarar bara da aka sayar da Paseo a Amurka (na shekarar ƙirar 1997).

Don rage yawan iskar gas, aikin ingin Paseo na *5E-FE* na ƙarni na biyu ya ragu zuwa ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai kamar na California Air Resources Board model, yana ba da  da  na juyi.

An sayar da Paseo na ƙarni na biyu a Burtaniya daga 1996 zuwa 1998, amma an janye shi saboda jinkirin tallace-tallace. An ba da kasuwar Paseo ta Burtaniya a cikin matakan datsa guda uku: tushe ST, da Si; ƙara 14-inch alloy wheels, Sony CD player, mai launi mai launi mai launi tare da hasken birki na uku da tsarin hana kulle kulle, da Galliano, yana ƙara mai lalata mai launi mai launi, masu gadi na laka da launin rawaya tare da aquamarine decals a kan. da bodysides, kazalika da fadi 15-inch gami ƙafafun tare da low-profile 195/50 taya. Ba a bayar da samfurin mai iya canzawa ba. Duk samfuran Burtaniya sun zo tare da injin *5E-FE* wanda ke samar da  . Babban gudun, kamar yadda Toyota ya yi iƙirari, ya kai
Toyota Tercel

**Toyota Tercel**  wata karamar mota ce ta ƙera ta Toyota daga 1978 har zuwa 1999 a cikin tsararraki biyar, a cikin tsarin jiki biyar masu girman tsakanin Corolla da Starlet . Kerarre a Takaoka shuka a Toyota City, Japan, da kuma raba ta dandamali tare da Cynos (aka Paseo ) da kuma Starlet, da Tercel da aka sayar daban-daban kamar yadda Toyota Corolla II  - sayar. a kamfanonin Toyota na Japan da ake kira *Toyota Corolla Stores* - kuma Platz ya maye gurbinsa a 1999. An kuma san ta da Toyota Corsa  kuma ana sayar da ita a wuraren shagunan Toyopet. An fara da ƙarni na biyu, an canza hanyar sadarwar dila ta Tercel zuwa *Shagon Vista*, kamar yadda ƴan uwanta na injiniyan lamba, Corolla II, ta keɓanta ga wuraren *shagunan Corolla* .

Wannan mota kirar Tercel ita ce motar gaba ta farko da Toyota ta kera, duk da cewa ita ce mota kirar Toyota daya tilo da ke da injin da yake dadewa.  Misali, firam ɗin E80 na Corolla (sai dai AE85 da AE86 ) yayi kama da firam ɗin L20 na Tercel. Har ila yau, Toyota ya ƙera sabon injin A don Tercel, yana ƙoƙari lokaci guda don cimma kyakkyawan tattalin arzikin mai da aiki da ƙarancin hayaki. Zaɓin salon jiki kuma ya ƙaru, tare da ƙari na sedan mai kofa huɗu.

Sunan "Tercel" ya samo asali ne daga kalmar Latin don "ɗaya bisa uku", tare da " *tiercel* " yana nufin ƙwanƙolin namiji wanda ya fi ƙanƙanta kashi ɗaya bisa uku na mace. Hakazalika, Tercel ya ɗan ƙarami fiye da Corolla. Farkon Tercels sun buga tambari akan gangar jikin tare da salo mai salo kamar "T" a cikin Tercel. An taru duka Tercels a masana'antar Takaoka a Toyota City, Aichi ko ta Hino Motors a Hamura, Tokyo. Hino ya tara Tercel ƙarni na uku daga 1986 zuwa 1990 don kofa biyu da wasu ƙirar kofa uku. Lokacin da Jafananci kera Tercel/Corsa/Corolla II (da masu alaƙa da Cynos/Paseo coupés) ya ƙare a cikin 1999, an gina misalai 4,968,935 gabaɗaya.
Toyota Corolla Cross

Toyota Corolla Cross  karamin crossover SUV ( C-segment ) ne wanda kamfanin kera motoci na Japan Toyota ya samar tun 2020. Yin amfani da farantin sunan Corolla, an sanya shi azaman madadin mafi amfani kuma mafi girma ga C-HR kuma an gina shi akan dandalin TNGA-C (GA-C) iri ɗaya kamar jerin E210 Corolla .      Ta girman girman, Corolla Cross yana matsayi tsakanin ƙaramin C-HR-wanda yake raba dandamali-da mafi girma RAV4, a cikin layin Toyota na duniya crossover SUV. 

An fara buɗe shi a Thailand a watan Yuli 2020 tare da sauran kasuwannin kudu maso gabashin Asiya da Taiwan a cikin wannan shekarar, yayin da aka fara gabatar da shi a wasu kasuwanni a cikin 2021.

Samfurin tagwayen Corolla Cross, wanda ake kira **Toyota Frontlander** ( Chinese    ), yana samuwa na musamman a cikin Sin kuma an gabatar da shi a ƙarshen 2021.
Ferrari F8 Tributo

**Ferrari F8** (Nau'in F142MFL) motar wasanni ce ta tsakiyar injin da kamfanin kera motoci na Italiya Ferrari ya kera.  Mota ne maye gurbin zuwa Ferrari 488, tare da na waje da kuma yi canje-canje.  An buɗe shi a Nunin Mota na Geneva na 2019 .

## Bambance-bambance

### F8 Tributo

#### Ƙayyadaddun bayanai da aiki
F8 Tributo yana amfani da injin iri ɗaya daga 488 Pista, 3.9&nbsp;L twin-turbocharged engine V8 tare da ikon  da 8000&nbsp;rpm da  na karfin juyi a 3250&nbsp;rpm,   yana mai da shi Ferrari mafi ƙarfi V8 wanda aka samar har zuwa yau.  Tsarin shaye-shaye da inconel manifolds an gyaggyara gaba ɗaya har zuwa tasha. Hakanan F8 Tributo yana amfani da na'urori masu auna firikwensin turbo, wanda aka haɓaka a cikin Kalubalen 488, don haɓaka ingancin turbochargers dangane da buƙatar wutar lantarki daga feda. Watsawa shine naúrar kama mai sauri mai sauri 7 tare da ingantattun ma'auni na kayan aiki. 

An shigar da sabbin fasalolin software da yawa akan F8 waɗanda ake sarrafa su ta hanyar bugun kiran manettino akan tuƙi. Motar tana sanye da sabon tsarin sarrafa motsi na Side Slip Angle Control na Ferrari- da shirin kula da kwanciyar hankali. Ƙari ga haka, Ferrari Dynamic Enhancer, shirin lantarki don sarrafa faifai, yanzu ana iya amfani da shi a yanayin tuƙi na Race.  Ferrari ya kuma bayyana cewa an karu da raguwar karfin Tributo da kashi 15 cikin dari idan aka kwatanta da GTB 488. 

Ayyukan masana'anta da aka yi da'awar don F8 Tributo shine  a cikin 2.9&nbsp;dakika,  a cikin 7.6&nbsp;seconds, tare da babban gudun  .  *Road &amp;amp; Track* sun gwada samfurin Ferrari F8 Tributo na musamman na Amurka kuma sun sami lokacin tsawon mil mil 10.3 na biyu tare da  gudun tarko,  wanda yayi daidai da 0 – 100&nbsp;km/h a tsakiyar-3 kewayon da 0-200&nbsp;km / h a cikin ƙananan-10 kewayon.

#### Aerodynamics
Motar kuma tana da nau'ikan taillamps quad, fasalin da aka gani na ƙarshe a cikin layin V8 akan F430 . A baya, yana wasanni da murfin injin mai haske wanda aka yi daga Lexan mai nauyi wanda ke ba da girmamawa ga F40 da mai ɓarna a kusa da baya wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar 308 GTB, tare da ƙarin iskar iska a bangarorin biyu.

#### Cikin gida
Ciki ya sami sabuntawa kuma: dashboard, gidaje na kayan aiki, da fafunan ƙofa sababbi ne. Hakanan an maye gurbin tsarin launi mai launi biyu da aka gani akan 488.  Nuni allon taɓawa na inch 8.5 na fasinja shima zaɓi ne a matsayin wani ɓangare na HMI (Injin Injin Mutum). 

### F8 gizogizo
F8 Spider bambance-bambancen babban buɗaɗɗe ne na F8 Tributo tare da babban saman nadawa kamar yadda aka gani akan magabata. saman yana ɗaukar daƙiƙa 14 don aiki kuma ana iya sarrafa shi tare da gudu har zuwa 45 km/h (28 mph) .

Ana raba titin tuƙi na Spider tare da Tributo. Adadin ayyuka sun haɗa da haɓakawa daga  a cikin dakika 2.9 kuma daga  a cikin dakika 8.2. Babban gudun ba ya canzawa daga coupé a  . Busasshen nauyi na Spider shine 1,400 kg (3,086 lb) ku. Ikon taya yana ba da damar  na sararin kaya.
Rabies

**Rabies** cuta ce da ke haifar da kumburin kwakwalwa ga mutane da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa .  Alamun farko na iya haɗawa da zazzaɓi da hargitsi a  wurin da aka fallasa.  Waɗannan alamomin suna biye da ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin alamun masu zuwa: motsin tashin hankali, jin daɗin da ba a sarrafa ba, tsoron ruwa, rashin iya motsa sassan jiki, rikicewa, da asarar sani .  Da zarar bayyanar cututtuka sun bayyana, sakamakon shine kusan mutuwa.  Lokacin da ke tsakanin kamuwa da cutar da farkon bayyanar cututtuka yawanci watanni ɗaya ne zuwa uku, amma yana iya bambanta daga ƙasa da mako ɗaya zuwa fiye da shekara ɗaya.  Lokaci ya dogara da nisa da kwayar cutar dole ta bi tare da jijiyoyi na gefe don isa tsarin juyayi na tsakiya . 

Kwayar cutar lyssavirus ce ke haifar da ita, da suka hada da cutar rabies da kuma bat lyssavirus na Australia .  Yana yaduwa a lokacin da dabbar da ta kamu da cutar ta ciji ko ta tozarta mutum ko wata dabba.  Har ila yau, saliva daga dabbar da ta kamu da cutar na iya yada cutar hauka idan miya ta hadu da idanu, baki, ko hanci.  A duniya, karnuka sune mafi yawan dabbar da ke ciki.  A cikin ƙasashen da karnuka ke yawan kamuwa da cutar, fiye da kashi 99% na cututtukan rabies sune sakamakon cizon kare kai tsaye.  A cikin Amurka, cizon jemagu shine mafi yawan tushen kamuwa da cututtukan rabies a cikin mutane, kuma ƙasa da kashi 5% na lokuta daga karnuka ne.   Ba  kasafai ake kamuwa da rodents da rabies ba.  Ana iya gano cutar ne kawai bayan fara bayyanar cututtuka. 

Shirye-shiryen kula da dabbobi da allurar rigakafi sun rage haɗarin kamuwa da cuta daga karnuka a yankuna da dama na duniya.  Ana ba da shawarar yin rigakafi kafin a fallasa su ga waɗanda ke cikin haɗarin haɗari, gami da waɗanda ke aiki da jemagu ko kuma waɗanda ke ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo a yankunan duniya da cutar huhu ta zama ruwan dare.  A cikin mutanen da suka kamu da cutar ta rabies, allurar rigakafin rabies da kuma wani lokacin rabies immunoglobulin suna da tasiri wajen hana cutar idan mutum ya sami maganin kafin fara bayyanar cututtuka.  Wanke cizo da karce na tsawon mintuna 15 da sabulu da ruwa, povidone-iodine, ko wanka na iya rage adadin ƙwayoyin cuta kuma yana iya zama ɗan tasiri wajen hana watsawa.    , mutane goma sha huɗu ne kawai suka tsira daga kamuwa da cutar rabies bayan sun nuna alamun.   

 ya haifar da mutuwar mutane kusan 17,400 a duk duniya a cikin 2015.  Kusan kashi 40 cikin 100 na mace- mace na faruwa ne a yara ‘yan kasa da shekara 15.  Rabies yana cikin ƙasashe sama da 150 kuma a duk nahiyoyi amma Antarctica.  Fiye da 3&nbsp;mutane biliyan suna zaune a yankuna na duniya inda cutar ta barkwanci ke faruwa.  Yawancin ƙasashe, ciki har da Ostiraliya da Japan, da kuma yawancin Yammacin Turai, ba su da rabies tsakanin karnuka.   Yawancin tsibiran Pasifik ba su da cutar hauka kwata- kwata.  An rarraba shi azaman cuta na wurare masu zafi da aka yi watsi da su . 

## Manazarta
One Piece

**One piece** silsilar manga ce ta Jafananci ta Eiichiro Oda ta rubuta kuma ta kwatanta. An jera shi a cikin mujallar Shueisha ta shōnen manga na mako-mako Shōnen Jump tun watan Yulin shekarar 1997, tare da rarrabuwar kowane babi zuwa juzu'i na tankobon 106 kamar na Yulin shekarar 2023. Labarin ya biyo bayan kasadar biri D. Luffy da ma'aikatansa, Straw Hat Pirates, inda ya binciko Babban Layi don neman taska tatsuniya da aka fi sani da "Piece Daya" domin ya zama Sarkin 'yan fashi na gaba.

Manga ya haifar da ikon amfani da kafofin watsa labaru, bayan an daidaita shi zuwa fim ɗin biki ta Production IG, da jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Toei Animation, wanda ya fara watsa shirye-shirye a cikin 1999. Bugu da ƙari, Toei ya ƙirƙiri fina-finai masu rai goma sha huɗu, raye-rayen bidiyo na asali, da talabijin goma sha uku. na musamman. Kamfanoni da yawa sun haɓaka nau'ikan ciniki da kafofin watsa labarai iri-iri, kamar wasan katin ciniki da wasannin bidiyo da yawa. An kuma ba da lasisin jerin manga don sakin Ingilishi a Arewacin Amurka da Burtaniya ta Viz Media kuma a cikin Ostiraliya ta Madman Entertainment. 4Kids Entertainment ya ba da lasisin jerin wasan anime don sakin Ingilishi a Arewacin Amurka a cikin shekarar 2004 kafin a bar lasisin kuma daga baya Funimation ya samu a shekarar 2007.
One piece ya sami yabo don ba da labari, ginin duniya, fasaha, halayensa, da ban dariya. Ya kuma sami lambobin yabo da yawa kuma masu suka, masu bita, da masu karatu suna matsayi a matsayin ɗayan mafi kyawun manga na kowane lokaci. Ya zuwa watan Agustan 2022, tana da kwafi sama da miliyan 516.6 da ke yawo a cikin ƙasashe da yankuna 61 a duk duniya, wanda ya mai da shi jerin manga mafi kyawun siyarwa a tarihi, da jerin barkwanci mafi kyawun siyarwa da aka buga a cikin kundin littafi. Juzu'i da yawa na manga sun karya bayanan bugu, gami da mafi girman bugun farko na kowane littafi a Japan. A cikin shekarar 2015 da 2022, Piece guda ya kafa Guinness World Record don "mafi yawan kwafin da aka buga don jerin littattafan ban dariya guda ɗaya ta marubuci ɗaya". Ya kasance mafi kyawun sayar da manga na shekaru goma sha ɗaya a jere daga shekarar 2008 zuwa 2018, kuma shine kawai manga wanda aka fara buga kundin sama da miliyan 3 a ci gaba da sama da shekaru 10, haka kuma shine kaɗai wanda ya sami sama da 1. an sayar da kwafi miliyan a cikin duka juzu'in tankobon sama da 100 da aka buga. Piece ɗaya shine kawai manga wanda kundinsa ya kuma kasance farkon kowace shekara a cikin ginshiƙi na mako-mako na Oricon tun a shekarar 2008.
### manazarta
Kiri Dam

**Dam ɗin Kiri** yana cikin ƙaramar hukumar Shelleng a jihar Adamawa a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya, inda ya ratsa kogin Gongola. Yana da 1.2&nbsp;km tsawo, 20&nbsp;m babban yanki mai shinge tare da bargon yumbu na ciki. An kammala ginin dam ɗin ne a shekarar 1982.  Tafkin yana da karfin 615&nbsp;miliyan m³. 

## Kamfanin Sugar Savannah
An gina dam din ne domin samar da ban ruwa ga kamfanin Savannah Sugar Company (SSC), babban kamfanin noman rake da sarrafa rake da aka kafa a matsayin hadin gwiwa tsakanin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya da kungiyar raya kasashe renon Ingila (CDC), Landan. Hukumar CDC ce ke kula da aikin, kuma an ba da kwangilar gina kamfanin ne NECCO, mallakin gwamnati. 

Kamfanin Sugar na Savannah ya kasance daga masana'antun Dangote a cikin 2002. A 2009 kamfanin ya mallaki 32,000&nbsp;hekta na fili kusa da madatsar ruwa ko kuma wanda 6,330 ke amfani da shi kuma ya ɗauki kimanin mutane 5,000 aiki. Kamfanin yana samar da kusan 50,000&nbsp;ton na sukari a kowace shekara, yana samarwa kasuwannin Najeriya wanda ke cinye 1.1&nbsp;miliyan ton a kowace shekara. Sama da 1,000&nbsp;An yi noman hecta na shinkafar ban ruwa da sauran amfanin gona ta hanyar amfani da magudanar ruwa na kamfanin. 

## Ambaliyar ruwa

### 2015 Ambaliyar
A shekarar 2015, al’ummomi daban-daban guda bakwai ne suka cika a jihar Adamawa sakamakon ambaliyar ruwa daga Kiri Dam da ke jihar. A kokarinta na tabbatar da tsaro ga wadanda lamarin ya rutsa da su, hukumar bayar da agajin gaggawa ta jihar Adamawa karkashin jagorancin Mista Haruna Furo ta samar da sansanin ceto wanda ya dauki nauyin waɗanda lamarin ya rutsa da su. Duk da haka, ba a sami rahoton mutuwarsu ba daga babbar ambaliyar ruwa. 

## Tasiri
&nbsp;An kwace 29,000 kadada na fili ba tare da biyan diyya ba, inda a karshe aka raba mutane 20,000 da muhallansu.  Taimakon sake tsugunarwa bai isa ba.  Dam ɗin ya shafi ƙananan hukumomin kogin Gongola. Ambaliyar ruwa ta ragu daga 1,420&nbsp;m³/ ɗakika zuwa 1,256&nbsp;m³/ na biyu, yayin da kwararar ruwa a lokutan bushewa ya karu daga 5.7&nbsp;m³/ ɗakika zuwa 21&nbsp;m³/ na biyu. Kogin da ke ƙasa daga dam ɗin ya ragu kuma ya zama ƙasa da iska, tare da ƙarancin tashoshi daban-daban. 

Mutanen da ke zaune a cikin al'ummomin da ke kusa da dam suna amfani da shi kullum. Suna amfani da shi don kamun kifi, wanka, wankewa da kuma tattara ruwa don amfanin gaba. Dam din yana kuma kawo matsalolin muhalli da lafiya ga wadancan al'ummomin. An samu ambaliya, zaizayar kasa, lalata filayen noma da gine-gine, ciwon huhu, zazzabin cizon sauro, typhoid, cututtukan fata da kwalara. 

## Nan gaba
Wani kima na madatsar ruwa a shekara ta 2004 ya nuna yanayinsa "mai kyau".  A cikin watan Oktoba 2008 Hukumar Ciniki da Ci Gaban Amurka ta ba da buƙatu don ba da shawarwari kan gina 35&nbsp;MW tashar samar da wutar lantarki a madatsar ruwa. 

## Manazarta
Appendicitis

**Appendicitis** shine kumburi na appendix .  Alamu sun haɗa da ciwon ƙananan ciki na dama, tashin zuciya, amai, da rage sha'awar ci .  Duk da haka, kusan kashi 40% na mutane ba su da waɗannan alamun bayyanar.  Matsanancin rikice-rikice na abin da ya rushe sun haɗa da tartsatsi, kumburi mai zafi na rufin ciki na bangon ciki da sepsis.

Appendicitis yana faruwa ne ta hanyar toshe ɓangaren ɓangaren appendix.  Wannan ya fi faruwa saboda “dutse” da aka lakafta da najasa .  Ƙunƙashin ƙwayar lymphoid daga  kamuwa da ƙwayar cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, gallstone, ko ciwace-ciwace na iya haifar da toshewar.  Wannan toshewar yana haifar da ƙarin matsi a cikin appendix, raguwar kwararar jini zuwa kyallen da ke cikin appendix, da haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin appendix yana haifar da kumburi.   Haɗuwa da kumburi, raguwar kwararar jini zuwa  appendix da ɓacin rai yana haifar da rauni na nama da mutuwar nama.  Idan ba a kula da wannan tsari ba, appendix na iya fashe, yana sakin ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa cikin rami na ciki, yana haifar da ƙarin rikitarwa.  

Fahimtar ciwon appendicitis ya dogara ne akan alamomi da alamun mutum.  A cikin lamuran da ba a san ganewar asali ba, kulawa ta kusa, hoton likita, da gwaje-gwajen dakin  gwaje-gwaje na iya taimakawa.  Gwaje-gwajen hoto guda biyu da aka fi amfani da su sune na'urar duban dan tayi da na'urar daukar hoto (CT scan).  An nuna CT scan ya zama daidai fiye da duban dan tayi wajen gano m appendicitis.  Duk da haka, ana iya fi son duban dan tayi a matsayin gwajin hoto na farko a yara da mata masu juna biyu saboda hadarin da ke tattare da bayyanar radiation daga CT scans. 

Daidaitaccen magani don m appendicitis shine cirewar appendix na tiyata .   Ana iya yin wannan ta hanyar  buɗaɗɗen ciki a cikin ciki ( laparotomy ) ko ta ƴan ƙananan ƙulla tare da taimakon kyamarori ( laparoscopy ). Tiyata  yana rage haɗarin illa ko mutuwa da ke tattare da fashewar kari.  Magungunan rigakafi na iya yin tasiri daidai  gwargwado a wasu lokuta na appendicitis marasa fashe.  Yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi sani da  mahimmanci na ciwon ciki mai tsanani wanda ke zuwa da sauri . A cikin shekarar 2015 kimanin mutane miliyan 11.6 na appendicitis sun faru wanda ya haifar da mutuwar kusan 50,100.   A Amurka, appendicitis shine mafi yawan sanadin ciwon ciki kwatsam da ake buƙatar tiyata.  A kowace shekara a Amurka, fiye da mutane 300,000 masu fama da cutar appendicitis ana cire su ta hanyar tiyata.  Reginald Fitz an yaba da kasancewa mutum na farko da ya bayyana yanayin a shekarar 1886. 

 

## Manazarta
Multiple myeloma

**Multiple myeloma** ( **MM** ), wanda kuma aka sani da  **plasma cell myeloma** da kuma **myeloma** mai sauƙi, ciwon daji ne na ƙwayoyin plasma, nau'in farin jini wanda yakan haifar da kwayoyin cuta.  Sau da yawa, ba a ga alamun alamun farko ba.  Yayin da yake ci gaba, ciwon kashi, zubar jini, cututtuka masu yawa, da anemia na iya faruwa.  Matsaloli na iya haɗawa da amyloidosis. 

Ba a san abin da ke haifar da myeloma da yawa ba.  Abubuwan haɗari sun haɗa da kiba, bayyanar radiation, tarihin iyali, da wasu sinadarai.    Yawancin myeloma na iya tasowa daga gammopathy na monoclonal na mahimmancin da ba a tantance ba wanda ke ci gaba zuwa smoldering myeloma.  Kwayoyin plasma marasa al'ada suna samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi marasa kyau, wanda zai iya haifar da matsalolin koda da kuma jini mai kauri.  Kwayoyin plasma  kuma suna iya samar da taro a cikin bargon kashi ko taushin nama.  Lokacin da ƙwayar cuta ɗaya ta gwagwalada kasance, ana kiranta plasmacytoma ; fiye da ɗaya ana kiransa da yawa myeloma.  Ana bincikar myeloma da yawa dangane da gwajin jini ko fitsari wanda ke gano ƙwayoyin cuta mara kyau, ƙwayar ƙwayar kasusuwa ta gano ƙwayoyin plasma masu cutar kansa, da kuma hoton likitancin gano raunin kashi.  Wani binciken da aka saba samu shine yawan sinadarin calcium na jini. 

Ana ɗaukar myeloma da yawa ana iya magance su, amma gabaɗaya ba za a iya warkewa ba.  Za'a iya kawo jinkirin tare da steroids, chemotherapy, maganin da aka yi niyya, da dashen sel mai tushe .  A wasu lokuta ana amfani da Bisphosphonates da radiation far don rage zafi daga raunin kashi.  

A duniya baki daya, myeloma mai yawa ya shafi mutane 488,000 kuma ya haifar da mutuwar 101,100 a cikin 2015.   A cikin Amurka, yana tasowa a cikin 6.5 a cikin 100,000 mutane a kowace shekara kuma 0.7% na mutane suna shafar wani lokaci a rayuwarsu.  Yawanci yana faruwa a kusa da shekaru 60 kuma ya fi kowa a cikin maza fiye  da mata.  Abu ne da ba a saba gani ba kafin shekaru 40.  Ba tare da magani ba, rayuwa ta yau da kullun shine watanni bakwai.  Tare da jiyya na yanzu, rayuwa yawanci shekaru 4-5 ne.  Yawan tsira na shekaru biyar kusan kashi 49 ne.  Kalmar myeloma daga  *myelo-* ma'anar "bargo" da *-oma* ma'ana "tumor". 

## Manazarta