Morosi

**Morosi** (ko **Moorosi** ; ya mutu 20 Nuwamban shekarar 1879) shi ne sarkin Baphuthi a yankin kudancin Basutoland . Ya jagoranci tawaye ga gwamnatin Cape Colony a 1879, don kare 'yancin kai kudancin kogin Orange .  Birtaniya ta ki taimakawa gwamnatin Cape.  Duk da haka, Letsie, babban babban sarki kuma ɗan farko na Moshoeshoe, da kuma yawancin tsarin mulkin Sotho, sun haɗu don tallafawa sojojin Cape, kuma an kashe tawayen bayan watanni da yawa na fadace-fadace.   An fille kan Morosi tare da yanke gawarsa da sojojin Cape.

## Rayuwar farko
Morosi ɗa ne ga Mokuane, mutumin Baphuthi, da Maidi ('yar sarki Tshosane) a Marunyeng (Thoteng na yanzu) a gundumar hoek na Mohale. Wannan ya kasance yayin tafiya zuwa sabon gida, tsaunin Thaba-Linoha, wanda yanzu ake kira Maphutseng. A cewar Manjo David Hook, wanda ya same shi, yana da ƙarami kuma yana da launin rawaya. 

A cikin shekara ta 1820s, a lokacin Mfecane, Mohale ɗan'uwan babban hafsan Basutoland Moshoeshoe I, ya kuma yanke shawarar kai hari Baphuthi domin ya sace musu shanu. A lokacin da suke zaune a tushen kogin Tele, Mokuane yana da shekaru 60 sannan kuma don haka Morosi ya ɗauki mafi yawan nauyinsa. Mohale ya sami kananan shanu a lokacin da ya kai wa Baphuthi hari, a maimakon haka ya yi garkuwa da yaran su da yawa. Daga nan sai Baputhi ya biya Moshoeshoe I kuma ya gane girmansa don kwato 'yan kabilarsu. Daga nan sai Baputhi ya koma dutsen Bolepeletsa. A farkon shekara ta 1829, Morosi ya ci gaba da tafiya tare da Moshoeshoe I na nasara a kan Thembu na Ngubengcuka wanda ke zaune a ƙarƙashin Drakensberg, yana ɗauke da manyan garken shanu. Tafiyar hadin gwiwa ta biyu ta biyo baya a watan Mayu na wannan shekarar. 

## Shugaban Baphuthi
Yayin da Boer Great Trek ya ci gaba, Boers sun fara mamaye yankin Basuto.  Moshoeshoe Na gabatar da Morosi ga Benjamin D'Urban, Gwamnan Cape Colony, a Garin Graham a cikin Satumban shekara ta 1837. 

Morosi ya yi nasara a fafatawar da Birtaniya ta yi a Dulcie's Nek a kan iyaka tsakanin gundumar Herschel na Cape Colony da Quthing District na Basutoland a ranar 21 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1851.   A cikin Afrilu 1851, Morosi tare da Loperi, Mohali da Letsi sun kai hari ga Major Donovan. 

A lokacin yakin Berea, lokacin da Sir George Cathcart ya kawo karfi cikin Basutoland a cikin shekara ta 1852, Morosi ne ke da alhakin kayar da shi. 

Lokacin a cikin Nuwamban shekarar 1852, Cathcart ya sami Moshoeshoe ba zai iya yin tunani ba, ya yanke shawarar matsa masa.  20 ga Disamba, 1852.  Sojojin Cathcart karkashin Kanar Eyre sun fi yawa kuma suna cikin matsala.  Bayan yaƙi, Moshoeshoe ya rubuta daga Thaba Bosiu : "A yau kun yi yaƙi da mutanena, kun kwashi shanu da yawa. Kamar yadda abin da kuka zo dominsa shi ne don samun diyya ga Boers, ina rokon ku da ku gamsu da abin da kuka karɓe. Ina roƙon zaman lafiya a gare ku. Kun nuna ikonku, kun azabtar da - bari ya isa in yi muku addu'a, kuma ba zan iya ba da umarni ga mutane duka ba. nan gaba." 

An fara tashin hankali a tashar Mishan ta Beersheba a ranar 23 ga Maris na shekarar 1858 tsakanin Boers da Basuto.  A ranar 6 ga Mayu, wata rundunar 'yan ta'adda ta Orange ta yi maci kan Thaba Bosiu tare da fatattakar Basotho.  Shugaba Boshof ya yi kira ga Sir George Gray, gwamnan Cape... 15 Oktoba 1858 a ƙarshe an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar. 

Babu wani tashin hankali har zuwa watan Yunin 1865, lokacin da shugaban kasar Johannes Brand ya aike da wa'adi ga Moshoeshoe bayan an daure wasu 'yan fashi na Free State burgers a kurkuku da kuma wulakanta su daga baya, sannan suka yi shelar yaki. 

A ranar 19 ga watan Yunin shekarar 1865, Mista Burnet, kwamishinan farar hula na Aliwal North ya rubuta wa babban kwamishinan cewa Poshuli da Morosi ne suka tsara tsarin sata da yawa kuma Boers da Basutho sun yi karo da juna.  Tashe-tashen hankula masu gudana.

A ranar 20 ga Yunin 1865, kafin hasken rana mayaƙa 2000 a ƙarƙashin Poshuli da Morosi suka tsallaka Caledon kusa da mahadarsa da Wilgeboom Spruit, kuma suka fara lalata gundumar da ke gabansu. Daga gonar da ke kusa da gama gari na Smithfield sun lalata bel ɗin ƙasa mai nisa na mil talatin zuwa Bloemfontein. Mazaunan, sun yi gargadin a daidai lokacin da za su ceci rayukansu, sun gudu ba tare da sun iya cire komai ba. Maharan sun kona gidajen, sun karya duk wani kayan aiki da ba za su iya cinnawa wuta ba, sun kuma kori tumaki fiye da 100,000, baya ga manyan garkunan shanu da dawakai. A cikin sa'a guda masu arziki a gundumar Caledon River sun zama marasa galihu. An kashe fararen fata 13. 

Poshuli da Morosi sun lalata ƙasar, kuma a mahadar kogin Caledon da Wilgeboom, sun kashe fararen fata 13 a ranar 20 ga Yuni 1865. 

An yi yunƙurin kai hari Thaba Bosiu a ranar 15 ga Agusta 1865. 

A ranar 12 ga Maris na shekara ta 1868, aka ayyana Basutoland a matsayin yankin Biritaniya.  Sarki Moshoeshoe ya rasu a ranar 11 ga Maris 1870.  A ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 1871, Basutoland ta kasance cikin yankin Cape Colony.  A ranar 23 ga Nuwamba 1872, an kafa gwamnati mai alhakin a Cape Town. 

## Yakin Morosi's 1879

Domin sanin taimakon soja da nasarorin da Morosi ya samu, mafi kwanan nan a yakin da Orange Free State, Moshoeshoe ya ba shi filayen a kudu maso yammacin Basutoland.   A nan, a cikin 1879, Doda ɗan Morosi da wasu 'yan kabilar Baphuthi sun ƙi biyan harajin bukka da aka yi yarjejeniya tsakanin sarakuna da gwamnatin Cape game da shigar da Basutoland zuwa Cape Colony a 1868.  John Austen, Alkalin Kotun, ya daure masu laifin amma rundunar Baphuthis ta 'yantar da su.  Dakarun Cape Mounted Riflemen (CMR) sun mayar da martani amma Morosi ya kore shi, wanda ya ki ya ba da dansa.  Morosi da mazan Baphuthi kusan 1,500, tare da mata da yaransu sun fake a kan wani dutse, inda ya bukaci mako guda da ya amsa tayin da gwamnatin Cape ta yi masa na dawowa lafiya idan ya bar masu laifin. 

A cikin wannan makon, Morosi a hankali ya ƙaura zuwa wani dutse na 20&nbsp;mil mil a cikin kewayon Drakensberg, wanda ya zama sananne da Dutsen Morosi .  A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, Morosi ya yi aikin gina katangar saman dutse.  Dutsen yana da ɗigon ɗigon ruwa ta bangarori uku kuma na huɗu ya ƙunshi gangaren 30°, wanda ya ƙarfafa da jerin katanga masu ƙarfi,  maɗaukaki, marasa ƙarfi ga bindigogi, tare da madauki na bindigogi.  A can Morosi ya fake da sojoji kusan 300 na Baphuthi da isassun harsasai, abinci da shanu don yin tsayin daka, tun daga ranar 24 ga Maris, har zuwa lokacin da aka mamaye shi a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba.   

An yi wa Morosi kawanya da sojojin Cape 800 da Sotho 1,500, wadanda Griffith ya yaudare su a kan fahimtar cewa ba za a yi watsi da su ba a karkashin dokar kiyaye zaman lafiya ta Cape na 1878.  Harin farko a kan dutsen ya faru ne a ranar 8 ga Afrilu amma an fatattaki shi.  Maza biyu a cikin wannan harin sun karbi Victoria Cross : Sergent Robert Scott da Trooper Peter Brown .   An kai hari na biyu a ranar 5 ga Yuni, wanda ya shafi Cape Mounted Yeomanry da aka kafa kwanan nan.  Wannan harin kuma bai yi nasara ba kuma Likitan Likita Manjo Edmund Hartley ya sami kyautar Victoria Cross a nasa bangaren. 

Harin karshe da aka kai kan sansanin Morosi ya faru ne a daren 19–20 Nuwamba 1879 karkashin jagorancin Kanar Zachary Bayly .  An aika da turmi da harsasai daga Garin Sarki William kuma aka gyara kusan  daga bangon farko a bayan ginin da aka yi da sauri, ginin dutse.  An harba turmi a bangon katangar Morosi na tsawon kwanaki hudu da dare kafin harin.  Da karfe 12:30 na safe an yi ƙoƙari a kan dutsen ta hanyar tayar da tsautsayi, wanda aka fi sani da Bourne's Crack.  Jam'iyyar da ta yi kaca-kaca da ita ta kai kololuwa kafin mutanen Morosi su sake haduwa kan harin.  Da isa saman, CMR ya yanke abokan gaba sannan suka tashi don nemo Morosi.  Wasu ƙananan ƙungiyoyi na Baphuthi suna ɓoye a cikin kogo, a cikin ɗaya daga cikinsu akwai Morosi. 

Wani mai zaman kansa na CMR mai suna Whitehead ya harbe Morosi har lahira.  Bayan mutuwarsa, Morosi ya yanke jiki, sai kansa ya tafasa ya tube har zuwa kashi.   A harin da aka kai masa, an kashe ‘ya’yan Morosi, in ban da Doda, wanda ya tsere tare da mutane kusan 120 ta hanyar tsalle cikin kogin Orange . An kuma kashe matan Morosi, da wasu mutane 200 na mutanensa. 

Tsawon watanni takwas Morosi da Baphuthi sun yi nasarar kame manyan sojojin Cape tare da yin amfani da fasaha na bindigogi. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Moorosi yana da 'ya'ya maza da yawa, ciki har da Doda da Letuka.  Letuka, wanda aka kashe a daidai lokacin da Moorosi, shi ne mahaifin Mocheko.  Mocheko, a cikin 1913, ya yi ƙoƙari ya kasa mayar da kansa a matsayin shugaban Baphuthi

## Gado
Rikicin da aka yi tsakanin Morosi da sojojin Cape na daya daga cikin ma'anar gudanar da mulki a Phuthiland da Basutoland gaba daya, wanda ya dogara da yin amfani da bindigogi da kuma kula da samar da tattalin arziki.  

Gwamnatin Cape na Firayim Minista Gordon Sprigg, a ƙarshe ta shawo kan Morosi, ta samu taimakon sojojin Basuto da ke ɗauke da bindigogi. Koyaya, manufofin gwamnatin Cape na baya sun lalata duk wani amana ko aminci wanda Basuto ya kasance yana da ikon mallakar Cape Colony. Da fari dai, gwamnatin Cape ta sanya takunkumi a kan Basuto ta hanyar tsawaita dokar kiyaye zaman lafiya ta 1878 zuwa Basutoland a karon farko a cikin 1880. Hakanan ya keɓance filayen Morosi a cikin gundumar Quthing don zama fararen fata.

Basuto ya yi tsayayya da kwance damara ya tashi cikin tawaye, wanda ya kai ga yakin Basuto Gun War daga Satumba 1880 zuwa Afrilu 1881.  Sojojin Cape sun kasa aiwatar da wannan umarni kuma sun mayar da Basutoland ga Burtaniya a cikin 1884. 

Don haka tawayen Morosi ya taka rawar gani wajen tabbatar da asalin yankin da kasancewar Lesotho a matsayin kasa ta kasa a yau. 

## Magana