Kirista B. Anfinsen

**Christian Boehmer Anfinsen Jr.** (Maris 26, 1916&nbsp;– 14 ga Mayu, 1995)  ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar halittu ne na Amurka. Ya raba kyautar Nobel ta shekarar 1972 a fannin Sinadarai tare da Stanford Moore da William Howard Stein saboda aikin ribonuclease, musamman game da alaƙar da ke tsakanin jerin amino acid da kuma yanayin aiki na halitta (duba ƙa'idar Anfinsen ).  

## Bayani
An haifi Anfinsen a Monessen, Pennsylvania, cikin dangin baƙi 'yan asalin ƙasar Norway da Amurka . Iyayensa su ne Sophie (née Rasmussen) da Christian Boehmer Anfinsen Sr., injiniyan injiniya. Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Philadelphia a shekarun 1920. A shekarar 1933, ya tafi Kwalejin Swarthmore inda ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta jami'a kuma ya sami digiri na farko a fannin sinadarai a shekarar 1937. 

A shekarar 1939, ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin sinadarai masu gina jiki daga Jami'ar Pennsylvania kuma an ba shi tallafin karatu na Gidauniyar Amurka da Scandinavia don haɓaka sabbin hanyoyin nazarin tsarin sinadarai na sunadarai masu rikitarwa, wato enzymes, a Dakin Gwaji na Carlsberg da ke Copenhagen, Denmark . A shekarar 1941, Anfinsen ya sami tallafin karatu na jami'a don karatun digiri na uku a Sashen Kimiyyar Halittu a Makarantar Likitanci ta Harvard inda ya sami digiri na uku a fannin sinadarai masu gina jiki a shekarar 1943.  A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ya yi aiki a Ofishin Bincike da Ci Gaban Kimiyya . 

Anfinsen yana da 'ya'ya uku tare da matarsa ta farko, Florence Kenenger, wacce ya aura daga 1941 zuwa 1978. A shekarar 1979, ya auri Libby Shulman Ely, wacce ya haifi 'ya'ya maza 4 na miji,  kuma ya koma addinin Yahudanci na Orthodox. Duk da haka, Anfinsen ya rubuta a shekarar 1987 cewa "ra'ayina game da addini har yanzu yana nuna tsawon shekaru hamsin na rashin imani na addini."   

Libby Anfinsen ta bayar da gudummawar takardunsa ga Laburaren Magunguna na Ƙasa tsakanin 1998 da 1999. 

## Sana'a

A shekarar 1950, Cibiyar Zuciya ta Ƙasa, wani ɓangare na Cibiyoyin Lafiya na Ƙasa da ke Bethesda, Maryland, ta ɗauki Anfinsen a matsayin shugaban dakin gwaje-gwajen ilimin halittar ƙwayoyin halitta . A shekarar 1954, wani tallafin karatu na Gidauniyar Rockefeller ya ba Anfinsen damar komawa Dakin gwaje-gwaje na Carlsberg na tsawon shekara guda, kuma tallafin karatu na Gidauniyar Guggenheim ya ba shi damar yin karatu a Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Weizmann da ke Rehovot, Isra'ila daga 1958 zuwa 1959.  An zaɓe shi a matsayin Abokin Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a 1958.  

A shekarar 1962, Anfinsen ya koma Makarantar Likitanci ta Harvard a matsayin farfesa mai ziyara kuma aka gayyace shi ya zama shugaban sashen ilmin sunadarai. Daga baya aka naɗa shi shugaban dakin gwaje-gwaje na ilmin sinadarai a Cibiyar Kula da Cututtukan Arthritis da Cututtukan Metabolic ta Ƙasa (wanda yanzu shine Cibiyar Kula da Cututtukan Arthritis ta Ƙasa, Ciwon Suga, da Cututtukan Narkewar Abinci da Koda), inda ya ci gaba har zuwa 1981.  A shekarar 1981, Anfinsen ya zama memba na kafa Majalisar Al'adu ta Duniya .  Daga 1982 har zuwa rasuwarsa a 1995, Anfinsen ya kasance Farfesa a fannin Halittu da kuma (Physical) Biochemistry a Johns Hopkins .  

Anfinsen ya buga muƙaloli sama da 200 na asali, galibi a fannin alaƙar da ke tsakanin tsari da aiki a cikin sunadarai, da kuma wani littafi mai suna The Molecular Tussen of Evolution (1959), wanda a ciki ya bayyana alaƙar da ke tsakanin sinadaran furotin da kwayoyin halitta da kuma alƙawarin da waɗannan fannoni suka ɗauka don fahimtar juyin halitta. Shi ma ya kasance majagaba a fannin haɗa sinadarin nucleic acid. A shekarar 1961, ya nuna cewa za a iya sake naɗe ribonuclease bayan an cire shi daga jiki yayin da ake kiyaye ayyukan enzyme, don haka ya nuna cewa duk bayanan da furotin ke buƙata don ɗaukar yanayinsa na ƙarshe an sanya su a cikin jerin amino acid ɗinsa. Ya kasance memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa (Amurka), Kwalejin Kimiyya da Wasiku ta Royal Danish da Ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Amurka .

## Kyautar Christian B. Anfinsen
An kafa shi a shekarar 1996, kuma ana bayar da kyautar Christian B. Anfinsen Award kowace shekara ga fitattun masana kimiyya, kuma kyaututtukan suna girmama ƙwarewa da nasarorin da suka samu a fannoni daban-daban na kimiyyar furotin, kuma suna girmama manyan gudummawa a fannonin shugabanci, ilimi, ko hidima. Ƙungiyar Protein Society ce ke ɗaukar nauyinta, kuma tana girmama manyan nasarorin fasaha a fannin kimiyyar furotin. 

Wadanda suka taɓa cin kyautar Christian B. Anfinsen sun haɗa da:
 

## Manazarta