Bacha Nagma

**Bacha Nagma** yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan nau'ikan rawa na gargajiya da ake samu a kwarin Kashmir . Ana kuma kiransa da Bacha Gyavaun a wasu sassan Kashmir.  'Yan Afghanistan na Kabul an yaba musu da asalin wannan rawa. An samo ta ne daga Hafiza Nagma.  A lokacin Bacha Nagma, wani saurayi mai shekaru da ya yi shigar 'yar rawa, wanda aka horar da shi a salon rawa na Hafiza yana rera waƙar Kashmiri Ballad da rawa. Wannan rawa ta shahara a ƙauyuka, galibi a lokacin girbi. Haka kuma ana yin ta a tarurrukan jama'a da liyafa ta samari matasa waɗanda ke ɓoye kansu a matsayin mata a cikin dogayen siket. Bacha Nagma ya zama ruwan dare a Kashmir a lokacin bikin aure da kuma lokacin da ake ɗaukar jerin gwanon aure a kan kwale-kwale a kogin Jhelum . Ana yaba wannan rawa sosai kuma tana da ikon jan hankalin masu sauraro. Ana raka ta da kayan kida kamar rabab, sarangi, da ganguna. Ya ƙunshi motsin juyawa cikin sauri kamar yadda yake a cikin salon rawa na Hafiza kuma wasu ma suna iya kama da na kathak . Ana kiran wannan rawa da rawa da Bach Nagma Jashan - Bikin 'Yan Rawa na Yara.  An san mai rawa da Bacha - Yaron - yawanci siriri ne kuma mai kyau wanda ke rawa, wani lokacin a cikin barkwanci, koyaushe yana sanye da kayan ado kamar mace sanye da riga mai launuka daban-daban. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

Wannan rawa ta mamaye wani muhimmin matsayi a cikin tatsuniyar Kashmir kuma ana yin ta ne a lokacin bukukuwa inda mutane ke mu'amala da juna. Haka kuma, ana gudanar da rawa a lokacin bukukuwa da bukukuwa na addini. Masu kallo suna nishadantar da motsin farin ciki na masu wasan kwaikwayo tare da kiɗa mai ƙarfi. Wannan rawa ta gargajiya tana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin nishaɗi mafi shahara a zamanin da. Da wucewar lokaci, akwai hanyoyi da yawa da mutane ke nishadantar da kansu.  Rawar Bacha Nagma har yanzu tana wanzuwa a matsayin rawa ta gargajiya kuma ana ɗaukarta ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke cikin al'adun Kashmiri. Kafin Bacha Nagma, wani nau'in biki ya fi shahara - Hafiz Nagma, 'Waƙar 'yar rawa ta mata'. 

== Asalin Ma'anar ==
Kalmar "Bacha Nagma" ta samo asali ne daga kalmomi guda biyu daban-daban, Bacha: Daga [[Farisawa|Farisanci]] بچه ( ''bačče'' ). Daga ƙarshe daga [[Sanskrit]] वत्स ( ''vatsa'', "yaro, yaro, ɗa"), daga ciki aka samo kalmar Hindi बछड़ा ( ''bachṛā'', "maraƙi, yaro, yaro") kuma Nagma: Daga [[Urdu]] ناجما, [[Harshen Hindu|Hindi]] : नघमा ma'anar waƙa ko waƙa. Haɗa gaba ɗaya yana nufin rawar yaron. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

## Tarihi
Ana yaba wa kwarin Kashmir saboda al'adunsa masu kyau da kuma nau'ikan rawa daban-daban na gargajiya waɗanda har yanzu ake iya gani.  Kashmir ya kasance mafi yawan Musulmai kuma ya kasance nesa da manyan hanyoyin al'adu na Indiya, amma tsoffin kogo da haikalin Kashmir sun nuna alaƙa mai ƙarfi da al'adun Indiya a farkon Zamanin Zamani . A wani lokaci ana kyautata zaton ana yin rawa na gargajiya na kudanci. Lokacin da aka gabatar da Musulunci a ƙarni na 14,  an danne rawa da wasannin kwaikwayo, wanda ya saɓa wa fassarar Alƙur'ani mai tsauri. Waɗannan fasaha sun tsira ne kawai a cikin siffofin gargajiya kuma ana yin su galibi a bukukuwan aure. Tarihin rawa ta gargajiya ta Bacha Nagma ya ce rawa ta samo asali shekaru da yawa da suka gabata a matsayin rawa da ake yi a lokacin girbi don bikin murnar girbi. Duk da haka, a hankali ta sami karbuwa a tsakanin mutane kuma yanzu ana yin ta a tarurrukan jama'a, bukukuwa, da tarurruka, da kuma a lokutan bukukuwan addini da bukukuwa. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

Wani nau'in rawa kuma ana kiransa da Hafiz Nagma - 'Waƙar 'yar rawa ta mata' [ an buƙata ambato ] ya kasance ruwan dare a gaban Bacha Nagma. Waƙarsa ta yi kama da ta Bacha Nagma, kuma galibi ana sanya waƙoƙin ne da kalmomin Sufi ko Sufia Kalam, amma mai rawa da ke yin waƙoƙin a waɗannan waƙoƙin mace ce kuma ana kiranta da Hafiza. Ana yin bikin waɗannan masu rawa sosai a bukukuwa da bukukuwa. Daga ƙarshe an maye gurbin wannan salon rawa da Bacha Nagma, tare da dalilai daban-daban da suka sa hakan ya faru. Wani imani a tsakanin mazauna yankin  shine cewa ra'ayin samari suna rawa da kayan mata yana da mahimmanci a tarihi wanda ya samo asali ne tun zamanin sarkin Mughal Akbar. Bayan da Akbar ya kama Kashmir, yana son rage ƙarfin mazan da ke zaune a wurin. Don cimma hakan, ya tilasta wa mazan su yi ado kamar mata, don hana su bayyana jarumtaka da jarumtaka. Mutanen Kashmir sun yi imanin cewa Sarkin Mughal Akbar, a yunƙurin yaƙar jarumtakar mutanensa da kuma kawar da duk wata matsala da za ta iya tasowa a nan gaba, ya tilasta wa mazan Kashmir su zama riguna kamar mata - pheran . Sai kuma, a shekarun 1920, Dogra Maharaja mai mulki ya haramta wa Hafiz Nagma rawa a hukumance a Kashmir. Sarkin ya ji cewa wannan rawa tana rasa taɓawar Sufi kuma tana ƙara zama abin sha'awa kuma saboda haka ba ta da kyau ga al'umma. Ganin cewa waƙoƙi iri ɗaya ne, an maye gurbin mata masu rawa Musulmi da samari matasa waɗanda suka yi ado kamar mata, wanda hakan ya ba da asalin Bacha Nagma. Bincike kaɗan ne daga ma'aikatan ilimi da aka girmama suka nuna cewa 'yan Afghanistan ne suka fi tallata wannan rawa. Masu rawa ba wai kawai suna sanya rigar mace ba ne, har ma sun ƙawata kansu da kayan ado da kayan ado daban-daban. Ana yin rawar da mutunci da ƙwarewa har kusan ba zai yiwu a bambance samari da rawar 'yan mata ba. Yabon yara maza ne, suna rawa da waƙa a lokaci guda tare da kiɗan. Waɗannan samarin ana horar da su da zarar sun kai shekarun ƙuruciyarsu don su ci gaba da zaƙi da rawar murya. A zamanin yau, an sami sauye-sauye da dama a cikin waƙa da rawa.

== Fom ɗin ==
Bacha Nagma wani ɓangare ne na rawa ta Hafiza  . Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin sanannen abu kuma yana jawo hankalin jama'a da tafi. Hakanan ya haɗa da motsi mai sauri kamar na Kathak. Masu rawa suna yin rawa mai ƙarfi don fassara kalmomin waƙar da ake rerawa. A zamanin yau ana ɗaukar aure a Kashmir a matsayin bai cika ba tare da wasan kwaikwayo na Bacha Nagma ba. Ana yin rajistar ƙungiyoyin watanni biyu kafin abubuwan da suka faru. A lokacin bikin, 'Bacha' yana samun ƙarin mutane a filin rawa kuma ana yawan zuba musu kuɗi. Waƙar tana gudana duk dare kuma Ghungroos  suna ƙara wa yanayin kyawun waƙar. Akwai waƙoƙi masu siffofi daban-daban, kamar Batsa, Barkwanci, Tausayi, Jarumtaka, Ruhaniya, Zaman Lafiya da Abin Mamaki. Akwai nau'ikan rasas (motsin rai) daban-daban a cikin waɗannan waƙoƙin da bacha ke rerawa kuma waɗanda aka bayyana su da kyau ta hanyar rawa. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

## Aiki
Yawancin lokaci ana yin rawar ne ta hanyar ƙwararrun matasa masu fasaha da hazaka. Kowannensu yana da ƙwarewa kuma ya ƙware a nau'in rawarsa. Waɗannan samari masu hazaka an yi su ne don su yi kama da mata masu kayan ado na gargajiya na mata. Masu rawa suna bin salon rawa na Hafiza. Suna samun isasshen horo da ƙwarewa don ɗaukar salon rawa na Hafiza na Kashmir. Wani abu da aka saba gani a cikin waɗannan matasan shine suna da jiki mai laushi  don su iya daidaita motsin sassauƙa kamar na mata masu rawa a Hafiza cikin sauƙi. Tunda waɗannan samari suna da ƙanana, suna da murya mai daɗi don haka, suna iya waƙa yayin rawa. An horar da su don riƙe wannan muryar ma. Zaƙin da ke cikin muryarsu yana sa waƙar ta kwantar da hankali kuma yana haifar da yanayi mai kyau. Ya ƙunshi mambobi shida zuwa bakwai (max) kuma babu wani mawaƙi na musamman, ɗaya daga cikin masu rawa da kansa shine babban mawaƙi a cikin masu rawa wanda ke waƙa da murya mai daɗi kuma sauran membobin suna tare da shi a cikin waƙar, wannan yana haifar da nutsuwa sosai saboda yawancin mawaƙa matasa ne. Rigunan da masu rawa ke sawa sun yi kama da waɗanda masu rawa na Kathak ke sawa.  Fuskarsu an ƙawata ta da kyau don wakiltar yarinya. Masu rawa suna yawo a kan dandamalin rawa da kyawawan motsin mutunci. Yanayin rawar mai kyau, mai sauƙi amma mai rai, yana burge masu kallo. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

== Kiɗa da Kayan Kiɗa ==
Waƙoƙin suna kama da waɗanda ake rera su da rawan Hafiza wato waƙoƙin da aka rubuta da Sufi Kalam ko waƙoƙin waƙa. Sufi Kalam wani nau'in waƙa ne, wanda aka keɓe ga ikon allahntaka da ruhinsa. Sauran waƙoƙin da ake amfani da su sun ƙunshi kalmomin da suka yi kama da salon adabin Farisa. A zamanin yau ana rubuta kalmomin ne don wakiltar jigo mai daɗi ko barkwanci,  don jan hankalin masu kallo. Kiɗan yana da ƙarfi kuma ɓangare ne na salon rawa. Ba tare da kiɗan ba, wasan kwaikwayon ba ya samun kyawunsa da wayewarsa. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

Waƙar Sufi Kalam ta ƙunshi *ustad*,  da mawaƙa uku (dukkan mawaƙa da mawakan kayan kida) waɗanda suka gabatar da shakal (alaap) kafin gabatar da baeth (waƙoƙin asiri da/ko na soyayya) na maqaam (raga). Sufi Kalam shine salon waƙar da manyan mutane suka fi so, yayin da jama'a ke jin daɗin nau'ikan waƙoƙin gargajiya na gargajiya kamar Chhakri, Rof, da Wanwun. Chhakri waƙar gargajiya ce da aka rera tare da *sarang, rabab, tumbaknari* da *nott* .  Bacha Nagma yana tare da mawaƙa da kayan kida na Chhakri kuma Sufi kalam ya ɓace a hankali. An rera waƙa mai  a Kashmiri don labarin ya kasance ba wai kawai a matsayin rakiyar rawa ba. Wani lokaci don nishaɗi, ana yin rawa tare da rera waƙar labari wadda ta zama al'adar gida ga mawaƙan Bacha Nagma. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Manazarta