'Haggin Dan Adam a Isra'ila

An bayyana Isra'ila a cikin Sanarwar cewa 'yancin kai a matsayin "jaha ta Yahudawa"  - an karɓi ma'anar doka "Jiha ta Yahudawa da dimokuradiyya" a shekara ta 1985. Baya ga yawancin Yahudawa a yankin ban da Yankunan Palasdinawa da aka mamaye, Isra'ila gida ce ga 'yan tsiraru na addini da kabilanci, wasu daga cikinsu suna ba da rahoton nuna bambanci. A cikin yankunan Palasdinawa, Gwamnatocin Isra'ila da suka biyo baya sun fuskanci zargi na kasa da kasa daga wasu ƙasashe da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na kasa da na cikin gida. Ɗaya daga cikin Dokokin Ƙananan na Isra'ila, wanda aka nufa don zama tushen kundin tsarin mulki na gaba,  Dokokin Ƙarshen: Darajar Dan Adam da 'Yanci, babban kayan aiki ne don kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da' yancin jama'a a Jihar Isra'ila. Koyaya, Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Isra'ila Adalah sun nuna cewa wannan dokar ba ta ƙunshi tanadi na gaba ɗaya don daidaito da rashin nuna bambanci.

Kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na kasa da kasa, tare da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka, sun bayar da rahoton take hakkin bil'adama da kasar Isra'ila ke yi, musamman kan wasu tsiraru. Wadannan rahotanni sun hada da take hakkokin Falasdinawa, na ciki da wajen Isra'ila da kuma wasu kungiyoyi a Isra'ila.

Freedom House ya bayyana Isra'ila a matsayin 'yanci na siyasa da dimokuradiyya fiye da kasashe makwabta a Gabas ta Tsakiya. Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar na shekarar 2015 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama, Isra'ila na fuskantar manyan matsalolin kare hakkin bil'adama game da nuna wariya ga hukumomi a kan al'ummar Larabawa na Isra'ila (da yawa daga cikinsu suna bayyana kansu a matsayin Falasdinu), 'yan Isra'ila da mata na Habasha, da kuma kula da 'yan gudun hijira da kuma bakin haure. Sauran matsalolin haƙƙin ɗan adam sun haɗa da nuna wariyar hukuma ga Yahudawa waɗanda ba 'yan Orthodox ba da kuma iyalai masu aure, da cin zarafin ma'aikata a kan ma'aikatan kasashen waje.

## Tarihi
Majalisar Tarayyar Al'ummai ta amince da ƙuduri a ranar 4 ga watan Satumba shekarar 1931 game da yanayin da ake buƙata kafin a kawo ƙarshen mulkin. Sabuwar gwamnati ta samar da wata sanarwa ta baki ko rubuce-rubuce da ta amince da karɓar wajibin tabbatar da daidaito na kabilanci da addinai. Wannan ƙuduri ya biyo bayan tsohuwar doka ta duniya a lokuta inda manyan iko suka taimaka wajen maido da ikon mallakar yankin. Ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan "Gwamnatin Falasdinu ta nan gaba" ya ƙunshi duka shirin rabuwa da Shirin Kare Ƙananan .  Ya sanya 'yan tsiraru, mata, da' yancin addini a ƙarƙashin kariya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Kotun Shari'a ta Duniya. Shirin ya ba da takamaiman tabbacin haƙƙin ɗan adam na asali. Sabbin jihohin sun samar da sanarwa, wanda bisa ga abin da ya gabata ya yi daidai da yarjejeniya. Kudin ya bayyana cewa "ka'idojin da ke cikin sanarwar an gane su a matsayin manyan dokoki na Jiha, kuma babu wata doka, ka'ida ko aikin hukuma da za su saba wa ko tsoma baki da waɗannan ka'idojin, kuma babu wani doka, ka-idaita ko aikin hukumi da zai mamaye su".

Sanarwar kafa kasar Isra'ila ta yi shelar, a ranar 14 ga watan Mayu shekarar 1948, cewa "haƙƙin Yahudawa na sake haifuwa na ƙasa a cikin ƙasarta" an amince da shi a cikin sanarwar Balfour na 2 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 1917, kuma an sake tabbatar da shi a cikin Umurnin Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya wanda, musamman, ya ba da izini na kasa da kasa da Isra'ila ga Isra'ila da Isra'ila. hakkin Yahudawa na sake gina Gidansa na Ƙasa." Har ila yau, ta ayyana cewa kasar "za ta kasance a bude don hijirar Yahudawa da kuma tattara 'yan gudun hijirar; za ta bunkasa ci gaban kasar don amfanin dukan mazaunanta; za ta kasance bisa 'yanci, adalci da zaman lafiya kamar yadda annabawan Isra'ila suka tsara; za ta tabbatar da cikakken daidaito na zamantakewa da 'yancin siyasa ga dukan mazaunanta ba tare da la'akari da addini, addini ko jinsi ba; za ta ba da tabbaci ga harshe, yanci ko jinsi; kiyaye Wurare Mai Tsarki na dukan addinai; kuma zai kasance da aminci ga ƙa'idodin Yarjejeniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya."

Wasu malaman Burtaniya suna jayayya cewa Isra'ila ba ta cika wajibinta na kare haƙƙin 'yan tsiraru ba.

Asalin Dokar Isra'ila: Mutuncin Dan Adam da 'Yanci, ya ce muhimman haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam a Isra'ila za a kiyaye su bisa ga ƙa'idodin da aka tsara a cikin sanarwar, amma ta keɓance musamman dokar da ta riga ta fara aiki. Masana harkokin shari'a na Isra'ila sun ce an yi amfani da kalmomin dokar ne don guje wa wahalar ba da fifiko ga daidaito, wanda ba a san shi ba. Sakamakon shi ne cewa za a iya jujjuya ƙa'idar daidaito ta hanyar doka ta yau da kullun, kuma ba za ta yi watsi da ka'idodin doka ko na alƙalai ba.

## Matsayi na 'yanci,' yancin siyasa da' yancin jama'a a Isra'ila

### 'Yancin zama ɗan ƙasa
Dokar kasa ta Isra'ila da Dokar Komawa, sun bambanta tsakanin Yahudawa Isra'ilawa da Falasdinawa Isra'ilawa ta hanyar sabunta ra'ayi na kasa yahudawa da ke bambanta da zama dan kasar Isra'ila. Duk da take, Dokar Ƙasa ba ta kafa ra'ayin ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ba, a maimakon haka tana danganta ɗan ƙasa da alaƙar addini.

Dokar Kasa ta ba da izinin Palasdinawa su zama 'yan ƙasar Isra'ila ne kawai idan sun kasance (ko kuma zuriyar waɗanda ke wurin) a Isra'ila tsakanin shekarar 1948 da shekarar 1952. Wadannan ƙuntatawa sun cire duk waɗanda aka kore su ko waɗanda suka gudu tsakanin Disamba shekarar 1947 da watan Maris shekarar 1949 da zuriyarsu. Dokar Komawa ta tabbatar da haƙƙin kowane Bayahude ya yi ƙaura zuwa Isra'ila kuma ya zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ta atomatik. Falasdinawa da zuriyarsu waɗanda aka kore su ko suka gudu tsakanin Disamba shekarar 1947 da watan Maris shekarar 1949 an hana su wannan haƙƙin.

Dokar zama dan kasa da shiga cikin Isra'ila (2003) ta hana Falasdinawa daga yankunan Falasdinawa da aka mamaye 'yancin samun matsayin zama na Isra'ila ko zama dan kasa, ko da a lokuta da suka yi aure da 'yan Isra'ila. Wannan haramcin ya ta'allaka ne kan dan kasa ba kan wani lamari na tsaro ba.

A ranar 28 ga watan Yuli, shekarar 2008, Knesset ta amince da Dokar zama ɗan ƙasa (gyara Lamba 9) (Ikon soke zama ɗan ƙasa) (2008), wanda ke ba da damar soke zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila bisa ga "cin amana". Musamman ma, keta amana na iya haɗawa da aikin zama a wasu ƙasashen Larabawa ko musulmi ko yankin Gaza. Wannan doka ta halatta soke zama ɗan ƙasa a kan haka ba tare da an yanke masa hukunci ba.

### Hakki da 'yanci da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suka yi
Binciken da Freedom House mai hedkwata a Amurka ya gudanar a shekara ta 2013, wanda ke kokarin auna irin dimokuradiyya da 'yancin siyasa a kowace kasa, ya sanya Isra'ila tare da Tunisiya a matsayin kasa daya tilo da ke da 'yanci a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka.

; Bayani
:

* Ta hanyar Freedom House 2009 ratings. Ga 'yancin siyasa da' yancin jama'a, 1 yana wakiltar mafi kyawun kyauta kuma 7 mafi ƙarancin kyauta.
* Bisa ga The Economist Intelligence Unit 2010 ratings. Cikakken dimokuradiyya suna da jimlar 10 zuwa 8, dimokuradiyar da ba ta dace ba tana da jimlar 7.9 zuwa 6, gwamnatocin haɗin gwiwa suna da jimillar 5.9 zuwa 4, kuma gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka suna da jimla daga 3.9 zuwa 1. Matsayin dimokuradiyya ya fi girma yayin da ci ya karu.
* Dangane da ƙididdigar cin hanci da rashawa ta duniya ta shekara-shekara,  ci ya kasance daga 10 (mai tsabta) zuwa 0 (mai cin hanci).

'Yan ƙasar Isra'ila da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam sun soki gwamnatin Isra'ila saboda kai hari ga kungiyoyin farar hula da masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A cewar kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a a Isra'ila (ACRI), babbar kungiyar 'yancin jama'a ta Isra'ila, jerin kokarin gwamnatin Isra'ila a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sun kai hari kan kungiyoyin fararen hula na Isra'ila da Kotun Koli na Isra'ila. Rahoton ACRI na Disamba 2017 ya gabatar da abin da yake kallo a matsayin misalan harin da gwamnatin Isra'ila ta ci gaba da kai wa dimokuradiyyar Isra'ila, 'yancin ɗan adam, 'yancin yin zanga-zanga, mutunta kimar daidaici, da 'yancin siyasa, zamantakewa da 'yan tsiraru. Wannan yanayin a Isra'ila an kira shi "rashin bin tsarin mulki" ta wasu masu sharhi na shari'a.

### Zaben, jam'iyyun siyasa, da wakilci
A cewar rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekarar 2015 kan Isra'ila, "Dokar ta bai wa 'yan kasar damar zabar gwamnatinsu a zabukan lokaci-lokaci na 'yanci da adalci bisa tsarin zabe na bai daya, kuma 'yan kasar sun yi amfani da wannan damar." Zaɓen da aka gudanar a watan Maris ɗin shekarar 2015 an yi la'akari da shi cikin 'yanci da adalci a wurin masu sa ido. An soki sauyin da aka yi a matakin zabe da cewa ya takaita wakilcin kananan jam’iyyu, musamman ma da ke shafar tsirarun Larabawa. Wannan ya sa jam'iyyu hudu masu rinjaye na Larabawa suka hade waje daya, wato Joint List, wanda ya samu kujeru 13, ya kuma zama bangare na uku mafi girma a majalisar Knesset. Galibin Falasdinawa a yankunan da Isra'ila ta mamaye na rayuwa ne a karkashin mamayar Isra'ila kuma ba 'yan kasar Isra'ila ba ne. Ba a yarda su kada kuri'a a Isra'ila ba.

Doka ta asali: Knesset (1958) da gyare-gyaren da suka biyo baya sun hana jerin jam'iyyun tsayawa takara a majalisar Knesset idan manufofinta ko ayyukanta sun hada da "kyau da wanzuwar kasar Isra'ila a matsayin kasar Yahudawa". Cibiyar shari'a ta Isra'ila Adalah ta bayyana cewa "wannan dokar ta hana yin amfani da 'yancin yin siyasa cikin 'yanci, ciki har da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da shiga siyasa. Ana amfani da ita sau da yawa don ƙoƙarin hana jam'iyyun siyasa na Larabawa da 'yan majalisar dokoki don neman canza yanayin kasa ta hanyar dimokuradiyya, alal misali, zuwa wata ƙasa da ta dogara da cikakken daidaito na farar hula da na kasa wanda ba ya ba da fifiko ga wata ƙungiya ta kasa fiye da ɗayan, har ma da toshe muhawara kan irin waɗannan shawarwari."

Mata sun fuskanci manyan matsalolin al'adu a cikin jam'iyyun siyasa masu wakiltar ƙungiyoyin addini masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma, a ƙaramin mataki, tsirarun Larabawa. A zaben 2015, Knesset mai mambobi 120 na da mambobi mata 29 da mambobi Larabawa 15. An nada mata uku a majalisar ministocin, kuma a karon farko, wata Balarabe Isra'ila ta jagoranci wani kwamiti na dindindin.

### 'Yanci na addini

Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2009 kan Isra'ila da yankunan da ta mamaye, "Dokar Isra'ila ta Bada 'Yanci da Mutunci da 'Yanci ta tanadi 'yancin yin ibada kuma gabaɗaya Gwamnati na mutunta wannan hakki a aikace." Rahoton ya kara da cewa "Manufar gwamnati ta ci gaba da goyon bayan gudanar da harkokin addini na 'yanci, duk da cewa ana ci gaba da nuna wariya na gwamnati da na shari'a ga wadanda ba Yahudawa ba da kuma na addinin Yahudanci ba" kuma "Yahudawa da yawa 'yan kasar sun ki amincewa da ikon Orthodox na keɓance kan muhimman al'amuran rayuwarsu." Rahoton ya bayyana cewa kimanin ‘yan kasar 310,000 da suka yi hijira zuwa Isra’ila a karkashin dokar komowa, ba mabiya addinin Orthodoks ke daukar Yahudawa ba, don haka ba za a iya aure ko a sake su ba, ko kuma a binne su a makabartun Yahudawan da ke cikin kasar.

Bayan samun iko da Yammacin Kogin a shekarar 1967, Isra'ila ta ba da tabbacin musulmi damar shiga masallatai, gami da Al-Aqsa, da kuma damar Kirista zuwa majami'u. Isra'ila ta ba da kariya ga wuraren addini na addinan da ba na Yahudawa ba; mafi shahararren Sojojin Tsaro na Isra'ila (IDF) sun kama wani mutum wanda ya sanar da su shirinsa na kai hari Masallacin Al-Aqsa. A wasu lokuta, bukukuwan kwanaki masu tsarki ta addinai daban-daban suna da damar haifar da rikici; don haka 'yan sanda na Isra'ila suna daukar matakai don kauce wa rikici tsakanin al'ummomi ta hanyar bayar da ƙuntatawa na wucin gadi kan motsi  da bautar da ake ji. 

A cewar wani rahoto na shekara ta 2009 daga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, Ofishin Demokraɗiyya, 'Yancin Dan Adam, da Kwadago, Isra'ila ta gaza kasancewa al'umma mai juriya ko jam'i. A cewar rahoton, Isra'ila na nuna wariya ga Musulmai, Shaidun Jehobah, Yahudawa masu kawo sauyi, Kirista, mata da kuma Badawiyya. Dukkan wurare 137 masu tsarki da Isra'ila ta amince da su Yahudawa ne, suna yin watsi da kuma yin watsi da wuraren Kirista da na Musulmi, duk da Dokar Kare Wuraren Tsarkakewa ta 1967 da aka yi niyya don kare dukkan wurare masu tsarki.

Bangaskiyar Bahá'í (a cikin 1960) tana kula da wurin zama na hukumomin su, Gidan Shari'a na Duniya, a Haifa .  Addinin Buddha yana aiki a matsayin addini a Isra'ila.

Cibiyar Bincike ta Pew ta wallafa nazarin tashin hankali na zamantakewa ta ƙasa. Cibiyar Hostilities Index (SHI) tana auna ayyukan ƙiyayya ta addini ta mutane, ƙungiyoyi da ƙungiyoyin jama'a. "Wannan ya haɗa da taron jama'a ko tashin hankali na ɗarika, cin zarafi kan tufafi saboda dalilai na addini, da sauran tsoratar da addini ko cin zarafi. "  A cikin shekarar 2007, Isra'ila tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe 10 da ke da maki sama da 7.1 a sikelin 10; a cikin 2010, Isra'ila da yankunan Palasdinawa sun kasance biyu daga cikin yankuna 15 da ke da mafi girman ƙimar SHI.

### Dokokin aure da saki
Ma'aurata da ke son yin aure na iya yin hakan ne kawai ta hanyar bikin addini, idan Yahudawa, Musulmi, Kirista, ko wasu. Ma'aurata marasa addini, tun daga shekara ta 2014, na iya samun wani nau'in auren farar hula a Isra'ila, kuma su sami Katin Dangantaka ta sabuwar kungiyar da ke canza matsayinsu ga ma'aurata, kuma suna ba su duk hakkokin da suka fito daga gare ta. Aure na doka na yau da kullun yana ba ma'aurata hakkoki iri ɗaya da ma'auratan ke morewa. 'Yan ƙasar Isra'ila na iya tafiya zuwa ƙasashen waje don auren farar hula, wanda ke da alhakin a ƙarƙashin dokar Isra'ila.

A lokacin Al-Aqsa Intifada a shekara ta 2003, Knesset ta yi gyare-gyare na wucin gadi ga Dokar 'yan kasa da shiga cikin Dokar Isra'ila wanda ya hana Palasdinawa da suka yi aure ga Isra'ilawa samun'ila ko zama. Masu sukar suna jayayya cewa dokar wariyar launin fata ce saboda an yi niyya ne ga Larabawa na Isra'ila waɗanda ke da yiwuwar samun ma'aurata Palasdinawa fiye da sauran Isra'ilawa; masu kare sun ce dokar tana da niyyar hana hare-haren ta'addanci da kiyaye halin Yahudawa na Isra'ilawa. Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambanci tsakanin launin fata ya amince da ƙuduri cewa dokar Isra'ila ta keta yarjejeniyar kare hakkin dan adam ta duniya game da wariyar launin fata. Jakadan Isra'ila a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Geneva, Yaakov Levy, ya ce ƙudurin "ya kasance mai zurfi na siyasa", yana mai nuna rashin nasarar kwamitin na ba da buƙatar Isra'ila don gabatar da shaidar "biyan dokar da ke cikin dokar kasa da kasa da kuma aiki", misalai na "batutuwa masu yawa [inda] ba da matsayin doka ga matan Palasdinawa na mazaunan Isra'ila  yi amfani da shi da mazaunan Palasdinawa don Ta'addanci na kashe kansa", da kuma watsi da gaskiyar cewa a lokacin ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Turai batun ya kasance a ƙarƙashin Babban Kotun Isra'ila.[was]

Kungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama a Isra'ila (ACRI) ta shigar da takarda don a soke dokar  amma Kotun Koli ta amince da ita a shekara ta 2006.  A cikin tsara dokar, gwamnati ta ambaci, "bayanan da jami'an tsaro suka gabatar, wanda ya ce kungiyoyin ta'addanci suna ƙoƙarin tattara Palasdinawa waɗanda suka riga sun karɓi ko za su karɓi takardun Isra'ila kuma cewa jami'an tsaron suna da wahalar rarrabe tsakanin Palasdinawa da za su iya taimaka wa 'yan ta'adda da waɗanda ba za su ba". A cikin hukuncin Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila game da wannan al'amari, Mataimakin Babban Alkalin Shari'a Mishael Cheshin ya yi jayayya cewa, "yan ƙasar Isra'ila  jin daɗin haƙƙin tsarin mulki don kawo ɗan ƙasar waje zuwa Isra'ila... kuma haƙƙin - ƙari, wajibi ne - na jihar, na kowace jiha, don kare mazaunanta daga waɗanda ke son cutar da su. "

A shekara ta 2009, Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Amurka na Dimokuradiyya, 'Yancin Dan Adam da Ayyuka sun soki rashin auren farar hula da saki a Isra'ila ga baƙi waɗanda ba a dauke su Yahudawa a ƙarƙashin dokar rabbi ba.

Human rights activists have criticised Israel's stay of exit order, saying it unfairly targets divorced men by preventing them from leaving the country indefinitely until they settle the full child support arrears of their children until age 18. While this could easily amount to obligations in the millions of US dollars, even a US$100 debt can trigger a stay of exit. The men are required to pay 100% or more of their income, and are jailed for 21 days each time they miss a monthly payment. In 2021, it was reported that an Australian man who was divorced from his Israeli wife was detained from leaving the country in 2013, with the stay of exit being in force until 31 December 9999, or until he paid $3 million in child support arrears. Marianne Azizi, British journalist and head of Coalition of the Children and Families in Israel (CCF), estimated that hundreds more Australians were trapped in the country as a result of the stay of exit. She had been informed by British Embassy officials in Tel Aviv that 100 British nationals per month had been reaching out to them for help in getting out of the country.

A watan Maris na 2019, Azizi ta ba da shaida a gaban kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Hakkokin Tattalin Arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu a Geneva game da take hakkin dan Adam da ta ci gaba da kasancewa sakamakon kai tsaye sakamakon ka'idojin tallafawa yara kanana a Isra'ila, tana mai cewa "... Rayuwar ubanni sama da 2,000 a kashe kansu yana da tsada". Ta ce Isra'ilawa ba sa bayar da rahoton take hakin bil'adama saboda tsoron "sakamako", kamar yadda wasu masu fafutuka suka kwace musu 'ya'yansu. Lauyan Mickey Givati, wanda ofishin jakadancin Burtaniya ya ba shi izinin taimakawa baki daga Isra'ila, ya shaida cewa an sanya na'urorin bin diddigin a cikin motarsa da gidansa da kuma wayarsa, kuma an ajiye 'ya'yansa a wani matsuguni ba bisa ka'ida ba.

### Tsarin shari'a da shari'ar aikata laifuka
Dokar Isra'ila ta tanadi 'yancin yin shari'a ta gaskiya da kuma shari'a mai zaman kanta. Rahoton da Ma’aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 game da Isra’ila ya nuna cewa a wasu lokuta kotuna suna yanke hukunci a kan bangaren zartarwa, ciki har da wasu shari’o’in tsaro. Kungiyoyin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam sun yi imanin ana mutunta wadannan bukatu gaba daya. Tsarin yana da adawa kuma ƙwararrun alkalai ne ke yanke hukunci. Wadanda ake tuhuma marasa galihu suna samun wakilci na tilas. Wasu yankunan kasar na karkashin ikon shari'a daban-daban na kotunan soji. An yi imanin cewa waɗannan kotuna sun yi daidai da sauran kotunan laifuka na Isra'ila kan batutuwan da suka shafi fararen hula. Ba za a iya yanke hukunci a waɗannan kotuna bisa ikirari kaɗai ba.

### Hukuncin kisa
A halin yanzu dai dokar Isra'ila ta ba da damar yanke hukuncin kisa kan manyan laifukan da aka aikata a lokacin yaki, amma an soke shi a lokacin zaman lafiya. Laifukan da ake aikatawa a lokacin yaƙi sun haɗa da kisan kiyashi, laifuffukan da ake yi wa Yahudawa, laifuffukan cin zarafin ɗan adam, da laifukan yaƙi. Mutum daya tilo da aka taba yankewa hukuncin kisa bayan an same shi da laifi a wata kotun farar hula ta Isra’ila shi ne mai laifin yakin Nazi Adolf Eichmann .

### 'Yancin fursunoni
B'Tselem ta ruwaito cewa an yi ta azabtar da mutanen da ba a zarginsu da aikata laifuka, wadanda suka hada da malaman addini, shehunai da malaman addini, masu fafutuka a kungiyoyin agaji, da daliban Musulunci. Sauran da za a azabtar da su sun hada da ’yan’uwa da sauran dangin mutanen da aka lissafa a matsayin wadanda ake so da kuma duk wani Bafalasdine a cikin aikin injiniya. A wasu lokutan kuma, an kama matan da ake tsare da su tare da wulakanta su don kara matsa wa mazajensu. Jami’an ISA a wasu lokutan suna azabtar da Falasdinawa domin daukar su a matsayin masu hada kai.

B'Tselem ta kiyasta cewa ISA na yin tambayoyi tsakanin Falasdinawa 1,000 zuwa 1,500 a kowace shekara kuma tana amfani da hanyoyin da za su zama azabtarwa ga wasu kashi 85 cikin 100 na su, akalla mutane 850 a shekara.

Amnesty International ta kuma bayar da rahoton yin amfani da azabtarwa ga fursunonin Palasdinawa, tare da tsare-tsare, ba tare da shari'a ba. Amnesty ta ruwaito cewa an tsare Palasdinawa sama da 2,200 daga yankin Yammacin da aka mamaye a watan farko na Yaƙin Gaza na shekarar 2023. Bayanai da rikodin bidiyo sun nuna azabtar da fursunoni, gami da mummunan duka da wulakanci ga fursunoni.  Ta hanyar tilasta musu su sa kawunansu su kwanta, su durƙusa a ƙasa yayin ƙididdigar fursunoni

Wani rahoto na shekara ta 1978 daga karamin ofishin jakadancin da ke birnin Kudus ya bayyana shari’ar sojan da aka yi wa wasu matasa ‘yan kasar Amurka guda biyu wadanda suka ba da rahoton cewa mahukuntan Isra’ila sun yi amfani da karfin tuwo wajen samun ikirari daga wajensu. Rahoton ya kammala da cewa hukumomin Isra'ila na sane da cewa mai yiwuwa an yi amfani da "tilastawa ta jiki da musgunawa" wajen samun ikirari.

Hukumar Landau ta shekarar 1987, karkashin jagorancin mai shari'a Moshe Landau na Kotun Koli, an nada ta ne domin ta binciki hanyoyin tambayoyi na Hukumar Tsaron Isra'ila (ISA) kuma ta ce "ba za a iya guje wa yin matsananciyar matsin lamba ba". Duk da haka, hukumar ta yi Allah wadai da wata takarda ta cikin gida ta shekarar 1982 wadda ta umurci masu yin tambayoyi kan irin karyar da ya kamata su yi a kotu lokacin da suke musanta cewa za su yi amfani da karfin jiki wajen samun ikirari. Ta yi Allah-wadai da shedar karya da abin ya shafa amma ta ba da shawarar a guji hukunta wadanda suka aikata ta. Sashi na biyu na rahoton Landau ya kasance sirri ne, an yi imanin cewa yana ɗauke da ƙa'idodin hanyoyin tambayoyi da aka halatta.

Hukumar Landau ta kai ga daruruwan korafe-korafe da Falasdinawa da ake tsare da su suka yi na korafin cewa an yi amfani da karfi a kansu a lokacin da ISA ke yi musu tambayoyi. A cikin keɓantattun shari'o'i, an ba da umarnin wucin gadi na ɗan lokaci da ke hana ISA amfani da duka ko wasu hanyoyin, amma a watan Satumba na 1999, Kotun Koli ta ƙi yanke hukunci ko suna da doka a ƙarƙashin dokokin Isra'ila da na duniya.

A cikin 1994, Rahoton Kwanturolan Jiha (wanda aka fitar a taƙaitaccen tsari a cikin Fabrairu 2000) ya gano cewa hanyoyin tambayoyin ISA sun saba wa doka, ƙa'idodin Hukumar Landau, da ƙa'idodin cikin gida wanda sabis ɗin kansa ya tsara.

A watan Yulin shekarar 2002, *Haaretz* ya nakalto wani babban jami'in ISA yana cewa, tun lokacin da Kotun Koli ta yanke shawara, an bayyana Falasdinawa 90 a matsayin "bamai masu saurin kai" da kuma "hanyar tambayoyi masu ban mamaki, "watau azabtarwa, an yi amfani da su. Sauran masu tambayoyin Isra'ila sun yarda cewa ISA "tana amfani da duk wani magudi mai yiwuwa, har zuwa girgiza da bugawa. " Yawancin bayanan daga Falasdinawa sun tabbatar da cewa azabtarwa har yanzu yana cikin tambayoyin Israʼila. 

According to a 2011 report by two Israeli human rights organisations, the Public Committee Against Torture (PCAT) and Physicians for Human Rights (PHR), Israeli doctors fail to report suspected torture and conceal related information, allowing Israeli Security Agency interrogators to use torture against Palestinian detainees.

A watan Agustan shekara ta 2015, wata doka ta ba da izinin tilasta ciyar da fursunoni masu fama da yunwa. Koyaya, Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Isra'ila ta bayyana dokar ba ta da kyau kuma ta bukaci likitoci da su ƙi aiwatar da ita.

#### Shirye-shiryen ilimi
Ana ba fursunoni damar ɗaukar darussan kan layi daga Open University of Israel, da kuma kammala digiri na ilimi. Wannan ba haƙƙin da aka ba shi ba ne amma fa'ida, dangane da halin kirki, tare da hukumomin kurkuku suna biyan kuɗin karatunsu na jami'a. Darussan suna cikin fannoni na: bil'adama, ilimin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, gudanarwa, ilimin halayyar dan adam da kimiyyar siyasa. Manufar ita ce ta ba fursunoni kayan aiki don magance rayuwa a waje, don haka bayan an sake su daga kurkuku za su sami ilimi mai dacewa don taimaka musu samun aiki, da kuma hana su komawa rayuwar aikata laifuka.

#### Fursunoni na siyasa
A cikin shekarar 2011, Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Ban Ki-Moon ya ce Isra'ila ta tsare dubban Palasdinawa a matsayin fursunonin siyasa, kuma ta yi kira ga Isra'ila da ta sake su. Ban ya ce sakin fursunonin siyasa zai "yi aiki a matsayin muhimmiyar hanyar gina amincewa" kuma ya bunkasa damar zaman lafiya a yankin. Amnesty International ta yi kira ga Isra'ila da ta saki fursunonin siyasa, tana mai cewa "duk fursunonin siyasar da aka tsare ba tare da tuhuma ko shari'a ba ya kamata a yi musu shari'a a shari'a ko kuma a sake su nan da nan".

John Dugard ya kwatanta zaman kurkukun da Isra'ila ke yi wa Falasdinawa da manufofin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu, yana mai cewa "'Yan sandan tsaron wariyar launin fata sun aiwatar da azabtarwa sosai, haka ma jami'an tsaron Isra'ila. Akwai fursunonin siyasa da dama a tsibirin Robben amma akwai karin fursunonin siyasa na Falasdinawa a gidajen kurkukun Isra'ila."

##### Tsayar da gudanarwa
Tsayawa na gudanarwa hanya ce da ake tsare fursunoni ba tare da tuhuma ko shari'a ba. An ba da izinin hukunce-hukuncen ta hanyar umarnin gudanarwa daga Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Isra'ila ko kwamandojin soja na Isra'ila. Amnesty International ta yi imanin cewa aikin ya karya Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa wanda "ya bayyana cewa babu wanda ya kamata a tsare shi da gangan kuma cewa hana 'yanci dole ne ya dogara da dalilai da hanyoyin da doka ta kafa". Amnesty International ta kuma damu da cewa fursunonin lamiri suna "tsare ne kawai don yin amfani da haƙƙinsu na 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da tarayya ba tare da tashin hankali ba". A cewar B'Tselem a halin yanzu akwai Falasdinawa 645 da ke tsare a karkashin tsare-tsare ta Isra'ila da kuma 105 ta IDF. Yawancin ana kiyaye su a Yammacin Kogin Yamma a sansanin Soja na Ofer ko a sansanin soja na Ansar 3 / Ketziot a cikin hamadar Negev . 

##### Shirye-shiryen ilimi a kurkuku don tsare-tsare
A shekara ta 2009, akwai fursunonin Palasdinawa 250 da ke karatu a Jami'ar Isra'ila. A watan Yunin shekarar 2011, Firayim Minista Benjamin Netanyahu ya sanar, don mayar da martani ga dakatar da tattaunawar zaman lafiya, cewa ba za a ba fursunonin Palasdinawa damar neman digiri na ilimi a kurkuku ba. A ƙarshen shekara ta 2012, fursunoni uku sun daukaka kara ga Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila, wanda ya ki amincewa da roko. A cikin hukunce-hukuncen su, alƙalai sun bayyana cewa haƙƙin samun ilimi na jami'a kyauta bai shafi waɗanda aka yanke musu hukunci na laifuffukan ta'addanci ba. Hukuncin, duk da haka, ya yi kira ga hukumomin kurkuku da su "yi la'akari" da yanke shawara game da shari'o'in fursunoni da suka riga sun kasance a tsakiyar shirye-shiryen ilimi.

### 'Yanci na magana da kafofin watsa labarai

Censorship a Isra'ila ana gudanar da shi ne a hukumance ta hanyar Censor na Sojojin Isra'ila, wani sashi a cikin gwamnatin Isra'ila wanda aka ba shi aiki a hukumance don aiwatar da censorship na kariya game da buga bayanan da zasu iya shafar tsaro Isra'ila. Babban mai binciken Isra'ila ne ke jagorantar hukumar, jami'in soja wanda Ministan Tsaro na Isra'ila ya nada, wanda ya ba Babban mai binciken ikon hana bayanan da ya ga ya dace da kasancewa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai,   kamar Shirin makaman nukiliya na Isra'ilawa da ayyukan soja na Isra'il a waje da iyakokinta. A matsakaici, labaran jarida 2240 a Isra'ila suna tantancewa ta hanyar Censor na Sojojin Isra'ila a kowace shekara, kusan 240 daga cikinsu a cikakke, kuma kusan 2000 a wani ɓangare.

Dole ne a gabatar da labarai game da batutuwan da za su iya kawo rigima ga Mai binciken Sojojin Isra'ila a gaba; rashin yin hakan na iya sa mai ba da rahoto ya rasa damarsa na aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida a Isra'ila  kuma, game da manema labarai na ƙasashen waje, a hana shi daga ƙasar.  

A cewar rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 kan Isra'ila, "doka ta tanadi 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da 'yan jarida, kuma gaba daya gwamnati na mutunta wadannan hakkoki a aikace idan aka yi la'akari da takunkumin da ya shafi tsaro." Dokar ta tanadi 'yancin yin taro da ƙungiyoyi, kuma gabaɗaya gwamnati na mutunta waɗannan haƙƙoƙin a aikace.

Wasu jami'an gwamnati da wasu na sukar 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da Isra'ila ke da shi a lokacin da suke gudun hijira daga zirin Gaza da yammacin kogin Jordan. Wannan ya haifar da sukar da ake cewa "Hukumomi sun dauki matakan da ba su dace ba, tare da cin zarafin 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da zanga-zangar siyasa ba tare da wani dalili ba."

A cikin Isra'ila, manufofin gwamnatinta suna fuskantar zargi daga manema labarai da kuma kungiyoyi daban-daban na siyasa, haƙƙin ɗan adam da masu sa ido,   wadanda suka hada da Kungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama a Isra'ila (ACRI), B'Tselem, Machsom Watch, Mata a cikin Baƙar fata da Mata don Isra'ila Gobe. A cewar kungiyar 'yancin' yan jarida Reporters Without Borders, "Kafofin yada labarai na Isra'ila sun sake kasancewa a cikin shekarar 2005 wadanda kawai ke da' yancin gaske don yin magana. "  Koyaya, a cikin 2010, kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam da ke aiki a Isra'ila suka koka game da mummunan yanayi a kasar, kuma sun ce suna fuskantar hari saboda sukar manufofin Isra'ila. Kungiyoyin sun ce wasu shugabannin Isra'ila suna ganin zargi da kare hakkin dan adam a matsayin barazana ga halattacciyar Isra'ila, musamman bayan Zargin laifukan yaki da sojojin Isra'ila game da Yakin Gaza (2008-09). 

A shekara ta 2009, Isra'ila ta kasance ta 93 a cikin Reporters Without Borders Press Freedom Index, daga shekarar da ta gabata. A cikin shekarar 2013, Isra'ila ta sauka zuwa 112 daga cikin kasashe 179 a cikin Freedom Index na jarida. 'Yan jarida ba tare da iyaka ba sun bayyana cewa canjin ya faru ne saboda ayyukan Isra'ila a cikin Operation Pillar of Defense lokacin da ta ce "Sojojin Tsaro na Isra'ila da gangan sun kai hari kan' yan jarida da gine-gine inda kafofin watsa labarai da ke da alaƙa da Hamas ke da mahalli". Har ila yau, kungiyar ta soki kama 'yan jarida na Palasdinawa da kuma tantancewar soja. Freedom House ta sanya Isra'ila a matsayin mai yanayin kafofin watsa labarai na "Sashi na 'yanci" a cikin shekara ta 2009. A baya, Isra'ila ita ce kadai kasar da ke cikin yankin da ke da kafofin watsa labarai na "Free". ) A cikin shekarar 2023, Isra'ila da kanta, ba tare da haɗa Gaza Strip ko Gabashin Urushalima ba, an jera su a matsayin "Free",  yayin da Gaza Strip da West Bank suka kasance "Ba Free ba".  

A shekara ta 2003, hukumar fim din Isra'ila ta haramta nuna fim din kasuwanci game da Jenin_(2002)" id="mwAxM" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Battle of Jenin (2002)">Yaƙin Jenin na 2002.  Fim din, *Jenin, Jenin* ne, tarin ganawa ne da mazaunan sansanin 'yan gudun hijira na Jenin da aka yi fim a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2002, mako guda bayan yakin. Mohammad Bakri, Larabawa na Isra'ila, ya jagoranci fim din. An dakatar da fim din ne saboda zargin da ake yi na Laifukan yaki da Sojojin Isra'ila suka aikata, wanda hukumar ta yi la'akari da karya da cutar da iyalan sojoji. Bayan shari'ar shari'a, an shigar da takarda a Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila, wanda ya soke shawarar hukumar, kuma ya ba da izinin nuna fim din a cikin fina-finai "don jama'a su yanke shawara", yayin da yake lura cewa fim din "cike da ƙarya", ba fim ba ne, kuma an yi shi "ba tare da bangaskiya ba", ta hanyar ƙarya yana nuna sojojin Isra'ila a matsayin "mafi munin masu aikata laifuka".

A watan Janairun 2011, majalisar dokokin Isra'ila ta amince da wani kuduri na hannun dama na binciken wasu sanannun kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na Isra'ila saboda "lalata" sojojinta. Binciken zai haifar da bincike kan tallafin kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama da dama wadanda suka soki manufofin Isra'ila. Kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a a Isra'ila ta bayyana matakin a matsayin "mummunan rauni" ga demokradiyyar Isra'ila, kuma masu sukar manufofin sun yi wa manufar "McCarthyist".

A cikin shekara ta 2015, Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila ta amince da manyan tanadi na dokar da ke haifar da sakamako ga waɗanda ke kira ga kauracewa Isra'ila da yankunan da aka mamaye. Hukuncin ya haifar da muhawara, tare da wasu nuna rashin amincewa da shi yana kawo karshen 'yancin magana yayin da wasu ke cewa yana tabbatar da matsayin Isra'ila kan "tsarin lalacewar BDS" (Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement). Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na Isra'ila sun yi korafi game da dokar, suna mai cewa ta keta 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki. Magoya bayan dokar sun ce ta haramta " nuna bambanci bisa ga yanayin ƙasa".  "Don cire kiran kauracewa daga rukunin 'yancin magana ba daidai ba ne", in ji Rabbi David Rosenn, mataimakin shugaban zartarwa na New Israel Fund (NIF). "Babu wani bangare na daban don magana wanda ke siyasa. Magana mafi mahimmanci shine siyasa, kuma ya kamata mutane su sami damar bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ba tare da tsoron takunkumin gwamnati ba. "

Dokar ta ba 'yan sanda damar iyakance tunzura ga tashin hankali ko kalaman ƙiyayya kuma ta haramta kiran mutane "Nazis" ko "fascists". Dokar Rigakafin Ta'addanci ta hana bayyana goyon bayan kungiyar da ake ganin ta sabawa doka ko ta'addanci.

On 24 November 2024, Israel's government ordered a boycott of the newspaper *Haaretz* by government officials and anyone working for a government-funded body, and banned government advertising with the newspaper. According to *[[The Guardian]]*, *Haaretz* "had published a series of investigations of wrongdoing or abuses by senior officials and the armed forces, and has long been in the crosshairs of the current government."

A cikin shekarar 2023, wani rahoto daga Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida ya nuna cewa Isra'ila ta kasance ta shida mafi girma a duniya don kama' yan jarida. A lokacin Yaƙin Gaza, Falasdinawa sun bayyana cin zarafin soja a kan sakonnin kafofin sada zumunta. A cikin shekarar 2024, Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida ya sanya Isra'ila a matsayin ƙasa ta biyu mafi muni a duniya don ba da damar masu kisan 'yan jarida su tafi ba tare da hukunta su ba.

; 'Yan Jarida Ba tare da iyakoki ba

Kungiyar Reporters Without Borders ta fitar da rahoto na shekara-shekara kan 'yancin 'yan jarida a duniya, mai suna Index na 'Yancin Jarida. An fara buga irin wannan na farko a shekara ta 2002. Sakamakon da Isra'ila da Hukumar Falasdinawa ta samu daga 2002 zuwa yau an nuna su a ƙasa, tare da ƙananan lambobi suna nuna kyakkyawar kulawa ga 'yan jarida:

## Hakkin sirri
A cewar wani rahoto na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka a shekara ta 2005 game da Isra'ila, "[l] aws da ka'idoji sun tanadi kariya ga sirrin mutum da na gida. A cikin shari'o'in laifuka doka ta ba da izinin sauraron waya a karkashin umarnin kotu; a lokuta na tsaro dole ne ma'aikatar tsaro ta ba da oda."

## 'Yancin mata
Aure da saki suna karkashin ikon kotuna na addini ne, wanda a aikace yake haifar da tsangwama ga mata a cikin wadannan bangarori na shari'a.

Isra'ila ta zartar da dokar da ta ba da kariya ga mata daga tashin hankalin gida. A shekarar 2022, mata 24 abokan aikinsu ko wasu ‘yan uwansu ne a cewar ‘yan sandan Isra’ila, inda aka ce an kashe mata 69 a Isra’ila a tsakanin shekarar 2020 zuwa watan Agusta shekarar 2022. 40 daga cikin wadannan matan Palasdinawa ne, fiye da rabin wadannan shari’o’in ‘yan sanda ba su warware ba. Akasin haka, an warware shari’ar kowacce daga cikin kisan gilla 29 na matan Yahudawa da Isra’ilawa.

Isra'ila ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci ga mata.

Mata a Isra'ila ba koyaushe aka tabbatar da daidaiton jinsi a bayyane ba. Kodayake sanarwar 'yancin kai ta Isra'ila ta bayyana cewa "Jam'iyyar Isra'ila [...] za ta tabbatar da cikakken daidaito na' yancin zamantakewa da siyasa ga dukkan mazaunanta ba tare da la'akari da addini ba, launin fata ko jima'i," wannan ji ba a ba da ikon tsarin mulki ba. Koyaya, kotunan Isra'ila, a tsawon lokaci, sun bayyana cewa daidaito tsakanin jinsi shine "ka'idar tsarin shari'a" a Isra'ila، kuma mata sun ga mafi yawan shiga cikin rayuwar jama'a ta Isra'ila.

A shekarar 1969, Isra'ila ta zabi Golda Meir a matsayin firaminista kuma ta zama kasa ta hudu da mace ke rike da irin wannan mukami. A shekara ta 2010, wakilan majalisar mata a Isra'ila ya kai kashi 18 cikin 100, wanda ya zarce na kasashen Larabawa da kashi 6 cikin 100, daidai da na majalisar dokokin Amurka, kuma ya yi kasa da matsakaicin kashi 40 cikin 100 na kasashen Scandinavia.

Majalisar dokokin Isra'ila, The Knesset, ta kafa kwamitin kula da matsayin mata don magance 'yancin mata. Makasudin da aka bayyana na wannan kwamiti shine hana wariya, yaki da cin zarafin mata, da inganta daidaito a harkokin siyasa, abubuwan rayuwa da ilimi. A cikin 1998, Knesset ta zartar da wata doka don "Rigaka da Cin Duri da Jima'i".

Wani rahoto na shekarar 2009 na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ya ambaci matsalolin auren jama'a, agunot ('mata masu sarka) ba za su iya saki ba tare da izinin miji ba), da kuma hidimar addu'o'in jinsin jinsi a bangon Yamma.

Ana haɓaka haƙƙoƙin mata ta hanyar "Kawo Mata A Gaba: Haɗin Kan Mata", wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar Asusun Haɗin gwiwar Mata na Yahudawa. Ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa guda bakwai a Isra'ila sune Cibiyar Adva, Ruhun Mata, Itach-Maaki: Lauyoyin Mata don Adalci na zamantakewa, Cibiyar Mahut, Cibiyar Mata ta Isra'ila (IWN), Ƙarfafa Tattalin Arziki ga Mata (EEW) da Achoti ('yar'uwa) ga Mata a Isra'ila.

### Mata Larabawa a Isra'ila
Matan Larabawa-Isra'ila suna shiga cikin harkokin gwamnati da na jama'a. Hussniya Jabara ita ce mace Balarabiya ta farko da ta fara aiki a majalisar Knesset. Dangane da sashe na 15 na Ma'aikatar Jama'a [waɗanda] mata da Larabawa-Isra'ilawa suna da haƙƙin tabbatar da aiki a aikin ma'aikacin gwamnati. [An buƙaci ƙarin bayani] &#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

=== Ayyuka masu kyau ===
Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan mata na Isra'ila suna da' yancin yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati. [An buƙaci ƙarin bayani] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

## Hakkin LGBT
Hakkin 'Yan tsiraru na jima'i a Isra'ila ana ɗaukar su mafi haƙuri a Gabas ta Tsakiya. Duk da yake Isra'ila ba ta halatta auren jinsi ɗaya ba, auren jinsi ɗaya da ke aiki a ƙasashen waje an amince da shi bisa doka a Isra'ila. Isra'ila ta ba da tabbacin 'yancin jama'a ga yawan masu luwadi, gami da' yancin tallafi da amfanin abokin tarayya. Isra'ila kuma ta ba da matsayin aure na doka ga ma'aurata na cikin gida na jinsi ɗaya. Dokar sodomy da aka gada daga Mandate na Burtaniya na Falasdinu an soke ta a shekarar 1988, kodayake akwai umarni mai bayyanawa da Babban Lauyan Isra'ila ya bayar a shekarar 1953 wanda ya umarci 'yan sanda da su guji aiwatar da wannan dokar, muddin babu wasu laifuka da suka shafi. Dokar kare hakkin ɗan luwaɗi ta ƙasa ta haramta wasu nuna bambanci ga 'yan luwadi, gami da aiki; ana yin wasu keɓancewa ga ƙungiyoyin addini. A baya, aikin soja na masu luwadi yana ƙarƙashin wasu ƙuntatawa. An ɗaga waɗannan ƙuntatawa a cikin 1993, suna ba da damar masu luwadi su yi aiki a bayyane a duk sassan sojoji.

A cikin Maris 2014, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta ba da umarni da ke nuna cewa an haɗa aikin tiyatar jima'i a cikin tallafin kiwon lafiya da aka ba wa 'yan ƙasa. Duk da haka, a cikin watan Mayu Haaretz ya ruwaito cewa wata kungiyar kula da lafiya ta ki biyan kudin tiyatar canjin jima'i guda biyu, wanda ya haifar da kashe kudade masu yawa daga marasa lafiya. Wata rundunar LGBTI ta kasa ta gano cewa kashi 80 cikin 100 na masu canza jinsi, kashi 50 na 'yan madigo da kashi 20 cikin 100 na mazan luwadi ana nuna musu wariya yayin neman aikin yi.

## Hakkin ƙasa
Asusun yahudawa (JNF) yana iko da kashi 13% na ƙasar Isra'ila; wannan ƙasa an keɓe ta ne don amfanin Yahudawan Isra'ila keɓanta. Kasa da kashi 4% na ƙasar Isra'ila mallakar ƴan ƙasar Larabawa ne, duk da Larabawa da ke da kashi 20% na al'ummar ƙasar. An ɗauka gabaɗaya, kashi 93% na ƙasar a Isra'ila ana iko da ko dai ƙasar Isra'ila ko JNF; Ana kiran waɗannan ƙasashe a hukumance da "ƙasashen Isra'ila."

Canje-canjen kwanan nan (wanda aka yi a cikin 2010) zuwa Dokar Kasa (Samun don Manufofin Jama'a) (1943), yana nufin tabbatar da ikon mallakar ƙasa na ƙasar da aka kwace daga Falasɗinawa (daga 1948 zuwa gaba) ta hanyar toshe iƙirarin Falasɗinawa na mallakar ƙasar da aka kwace a ƙarƙashin wannan doka, ko da a wuraren da ba a taɓa amfani da ita don dalilai na jama'a ba.

Cibiyar shari'ar Isra'ila Adalah ta bayar da rahoton cewa, "A zahiri, an toshe Falasdinawa 'yan Isra'ila daga siye ko ba da hayar filaye a kusan kashi 80% na ƙasar Isra'ila bisa tushen ƙasarsu." Sakamakon, a cewarsu, shine "mafi yawancin filayen gwamnati sun ƙunshi keɓaɓɓu, yankunan Yahudawa kaɗai." Adalah ya bayyana manyan hanyoyi guda biyu da ake aiwatar da keɓancewa daga mallakar filaye da amfani da su; ta hanyar abin da ake kira "kwamitocin shiga" da kuma ta hanyar abin da Adalah ya bayyana a matsayin manufofin nuna wariya na hukumomin jihohi da JNF.

Waɗannan kwamitocin shigar sun duba masu neman rukunin gidaje a garuruwan noma da al'umma a Isra'ila kuma sun haɗa da wani babban jami'i daga Ƙungiyar Sahayoniya ta Duniya ko Hukumar Yahudawa. Kusan garuruwa 700 a cikin Isra'ila (wanda ke lissafin kusan kashi 70% na duk garuruwan Isra'ila) suna da alaƙa da kwamitocin shiga. Sharuɗɗan da waɗannan kwamitocin suka yi amfani da su sun haɗa da ka'idojin dacewa, wanda Adalah ya bayyana a matsayin sabani da rashin gaskiya. Adalah ta ruwaito cewa ana tace Larabawa da sauran kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a Isra'ila ta hanyar amfani da wannan ka'idojin dacewa. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sun haɗa da Yahudawan Mizrahi da ƴan luwaɗi.

Bugu da ƙari, garuruwa da yawa a Isra'ila sun amince da dokoki da ke jaddada halayensu na Yahudawa, suna ƙayyade shigarwa cikin al'umma akan "aminci ga hangen nesa na Zionist".

Nuna wariya ƙasar manufofin ne zuwa babban har kore da manufofin na JNF, wanda 13% na jimlar ƙasar Isra'ila aka canjawa wuri daga jihar tsakanin 1949 da 1953. Hamsin kashi 50 na kujeru a cikin ILA majalisa an kasaftawa JNF wakilan (kamar yadda ta The ILA Law (1960)) ba da JNF wani babban rawa a kan ƙasar Isra'ila da ake kira manufofin ƙasa a cikin jihar 3. Ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan manufofin ya hana JNF ƙasar da za a ba wa waɗanda ba Yahudawa ba.

## Ƙananan kabilanci, dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci da shige da fice
Isra'ila ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a da Al'adu da Yarjejeniya ta Duniya kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan bambancin launin fata.

Nuna wariya ronu ne zuwa babban kore da tsofo na JNF, wanda 13% na jimlar isra'ila aka canjawa wuri daga jihar tsakanin shekarar 1949 da shekarar 1953. Hamsin kashi 50 na kujeru a cikin ILA majalisa an kasaftawa JNF rufi (kamar yadda ta The ILA Law (1960)) ba da JNF wani babban rawa a kan Isra'ila a cikin iska daga cikin abubuwan da ke cikin Isra'ila. hana JNF hadarin da za a ba wa koyarwa ba Yahudawa ba.

Duk da Dokar Aiki (1998), kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Isra'ila Adalah ta ba da rahoton cewa 'yan asalin Palasdinawa na Isra'ila suna fuskantar nuna bambanci a cikin damar aiki, albashi da yanayi. Adalah ta kuma ba da rahoton cewa jihar Isra'ila kanta (mafi girman ma'aikaci a Isra'ila) ba ta aiwatar da wannan dokar ba. Misali, 'yan asalin Palasdinawa na Isra'ila da ke aiki a matsayin masu kwangila a cikin gyare-gyare a cibiyoyin ilimi na Isra'ilawa suna ƙarƙashin iyakancewa wanda Yahudawa Isra'ilawa ba sa ƙarƙashin su. Wannan ya haɗa da buƙatar dan kwangila ya hayar mai tsaro mai dauke da makami a wurin aiki a kan kuɗin kansu.

Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan ƙasar Isra'ila waɗanda mata ne, nakasassu, ko asalin Larabawa ko baƙar fata na Afirka suna da damar yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati. 'Yan Isra'ila na asalin Larabawa ko baƙar fata na Afirka, ko kuma masu nakasa, suna da damar yin aiki mai kyau game da shigar jami'a da kwaleji, kuma suna da damar samun cikakken tallafin karatu daga jihar.

Haramcin Wariya a Samfura, Sabis da Shiga Wuraren Nishaɗi da Wuraren Jama'a Dokar ta hana waɗanda ke gudanar da wuraren jama'a, ko ba da sabis ko samfura, don nuna bambanci saboda launin fata, addini, ƙasa, da ƙasar asali, da sauran dalilai. Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2010 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama ga Isra'ila da yankunan da aka mamaye, dokokin Isra'ila sun hana nuna bambanci a kan launin fata, kuma gwamnati ta aiwatar da wadannan haramcin yadda ya kamata.

### 'Yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila
Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta B'Tselem ta yi iƙirarin cewa an hana Larabawa a Urushalima haƙƙin zama, wanda ya haifar da karancin gidaje a yankunan Larabawa na Urushalima.

Kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta Human Rights Watch ta tuhumi cewa rage tallafin tsofaffi da kuma alawus-alawus na yara bisa aikin soji na iyaye na nuna wariya ga yaran Larabawa: "Raguwar za ta kuma shafi 'ya'yan iyayen Yahudawa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi wadanda ba sa aikin soja, amma sun cancanci karin tallafin, gami da karin ilimi, wanda ba a samu ga yaran Larabawa na Falasdinu ba."

A cewar rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2004 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam ga Isra'ila da Yankunan da aka mamaye, gwamnatin Isra'ila ta yi "ƙananan don rage nuna bambanci na hukuma, shari'a, da al'umma ga' yan ƙasar Larabawa".  Rahotanni na shekaru masu zuwa sun kuma gano nuna bambanci ga' yan asalin Larabawa a matsayin matsala ga Isra'ilawa, amma ba ta sake maimaita da'ila ta ba don rage nuna rashin nuna bambanci ba. 

Rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2004 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam  ya lura cewa:

* Asusun Ƙasar Yahudawa (JNF) yana sarrafa kashi 12.5 cikin 100 na ƙasar jama'a amma dokokinta sun hana siyarwa ko hayar ƙasa ga waɗanda ba Yahudawa ba. A watan Oktoba, kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama sun shigar da kara ga Babban Kotun Shari'a suna da'awar cewa sanarwar da Gwamnatin Ƙasar Isra'ila (ILA) ta yi game da ƙasar JNF ta nuna bambanci saboda ta haramta Larabawa daga yin tayin. A watan Janairun shekara ta 2005, babban lauya ya yanke hukuncin cewa "gwamnati ba za ta iya nuna bambanci ga Larabawa na Isra'ila a cikin tallace-tallace da rarraba ƙasashen da take sarrafawa ba, gami da na JNF.
* Kungiyoyin bayar da shawarwari na Isra'ila da Larabawa sun yi iƙirarin cewa gwamnati ta fi ƙuntatawa wajen bayar da izinin gini ga al'ummomin Larabawa da ƙalubalanci manufofin rushe gine-gine ba bisa ka'ida ba a bangaren Larabawa, yana iyakance ci gaban al'umma.
* "A watan Yuni, Kotun Koli ta yanke hukuncin cewa barin garuruwan Larabawa daga wasu tsare-tsare na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na gwamnati na nuna wariya.
* An ƙalubalanci Tsarin Jagora na 1996 na Arewacin Isra'ila a matsayin wariya. Abubuwan da suka fi ba da fifiko sun haɗa da "ƙara yawan Yahudawa na Galili da kuma toshe yanki na garuruwan Larabawa."
* Keɓe daga aikin soja na wajibi, yawancin Larabawa Isra'ila don haka ba su da damar samun dama fiye da sauran 'yan ƙasa zuwa fa'idodin zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙin wanda aikin soja ya zama buƙatu ko fa'ida, kamar gidaje, tallafin sabbin gidaje, da aikin yi, musamman aikin masana'antu na gwamnati ko na tsaro. Kwamitin Ivri kan yi wa kasa hidima ya ba da shawarwari a hukumance ga gwamnati cewa a ba wa Larabawa Isra'ila damar yin hidimar kasa.
* "A bisa wani bincike da jami'ar Haifa ta gudanar a shekara ta 2003, akwai wani hali na sanya wa 'yan kasar Larabawa hukuncin dauri fiye da na Yahudawa. Masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama sun yi ikirarin cewa 'yan kasashen Larabawa sun fi fuskantar hukuncin kisa da kuma hana a bayar da belinsu."
* Rahoton hukumar Or Commission kan kisan ‘yan sanda na masu zanga-zangar Isra’ila da Larabawa ya gano cewa “sakamakon sakaci da wariya” gwamnati na tafiyar da bangaren Larabawa, tare da rabo ko albarkatun da bai dace ba wanda ke haifar da “mummunan wahala” daga al’umma. Abubuwan da ke nuna damuwa sun haɗa da talauci, rashin aikin yi, ƙarancin ƙasa, matsalolin ilimi, da nakasa abubuwan more rayuwa.

Rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 kan Isra'ila ya rubuta cewa: "Gwamnati gaba daya tana mutunta hakkin 'yan kasarta; duk da haka, an sami matsaloli a wasu bangarori, ciki har da ... nuna wariya na hukumomi, shari'a, da kuma al'umma ga al'ummar Larabawa na kasar."

A cikin wani rahoto da ya mika wa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Bedouin ya yi ikirarin cewa suna fuskantar wariya kuma ba a daukarsu a matsayin 'yan kasa daidai a Isra'ila kuma ba a ba wa garuruwan Badouin hidima iri daya ba ko kuma filayen garuruwan Yahudawa masu girman gaske, kuma ba a ba su damar samun ruwa mai kyau. Birnin Be'er Sheva ya ki amincewa da wani wuri mai tsarki na Bedouin, duk da shawarar da Babbar Kotun ta bayar.

*Rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2007 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam*  ya lura cewa:

* "A cewar wani binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2005 a Jami'ar Ibraniyawa, an kashe kuɗi sau uku a cikin ilimin yara Yahudawa kamar yadda yara Larabawa."

A watan Satumbar shekarar 2010, gwamnatin Isra'ila ta amince da gyare-gyare ga dokokin zama ɗan ƙasa na ƙasar. Shirin dokar ya tilasta wa duk wanda ke neman zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ya yi rantsuwa da "Isra'ila a matsayin ƙasar Yahudawa da dimokuradiyya". Larabawa na Isra'ila da kuma ƙungiyoyin hagu na Isra'ilawa ciki har da shugaban jam'iyyar adawa ta Kadima Tzipi Livni sun soki gyaran sosai. Masanin ilimin halayyar ilimi na Isra'ila Farfesa Gavriel Solomon ya ce rantsuwar aminci ta yi kama da Dokokin Nuremberg .  Magoya bayan gyaran sun bayyana cewa wadanda ba Yahudawa ba ne wadanda suka zama 'yan ƙasa suna buƙatar fahimtar cewa "Jihar Isra'ila ita ce furcin kasa na ƙaddamar da kai na mutanen Yahudawa".

Isra'ila ta haramta 'yan ƙasa daga ziyartar ƙasashen abokan gaba ba tare da izini ba, ƙuntataccen tafiye-tafiye wanda, a cikin shekarar 2015, ya haɗa da Siriya, Iraki, Iran, Lebanon, Yemen, da Saudi Arabia. Cibiyar Shari'a ta Adalah ta yi iƙirarin cewa wannan yana nuna bambanci ga 'yan asalin Larabawa da Isra'ila, kuma hukumomi ba su tsare Yahudawa ba bayan dawowa daga tafiye-tafiye zuwa ƙasashe marasa izini kamar yadda suka yi da Larabawa Isra'ilawa. Har ila yau, an soki Hukumar Kula da Filin Jiragen Sama ta Isra'ila saboda nuna bambancin launin fata na 'yan ƙasar Larabawa. Cibiyar Shari'a ta Adalah tana riƙe da jerin dokoki sama da 50 da take da'awar nuna bambanci ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa. A cikin shekara ta 2015, an yi la'akari da launin fata na 'yan asalin Larabawa ta hanyar jami'an tsaro da sauran' yan ƙasa, da kuma hare-haren fansa a kan Larabawa.

Since the outbreak of the Gaza war, Israel has carried out mass arrests and detentions of Palestinians and Arab Israelis, with thousands arrested or detained in Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories. On 5 November 2023, CNN reported that "dozens" of Palestinian residents and Arab citizens of Israel were arrested in Israel for expressions of solidarity with the civilian population of Gaza, sharing Quran verses, or expressing "any support for the Palestinian people". *Haaretz* described the widespread targeting of Arab Israelis by Israeli security forces. Referring to "hundreds" of interrogations, *El País* reported on 11 November that Israel increasingly treats its Arab minority as a "potential fifth column".

#### Ayyuka masu kyau
Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan ƙasar Larabawa-Isra'ila suna da' yancin yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati. 'Yan ƙasar Larabawa-Isra'ila suna da damar yin aiki mai kyau a cikin buƙatun shiga jami'a da kwaleji, kuma suna da damar samun cikakken tallafin karatu daga jihar.

### Baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba da masu neman mafaka
Isra'ila jam'iyya ce ta jihar da ke cikin Yarjejeniyar da ta shafi Matsayin Sudan_refugees_in_Israel" id="mwBWo" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Sudanese refugees in Israel">'yan gudun hijira. Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na Isra'ila suna la'akari da tsarin mafaka na Isra'ilawa da rashin adalci, kuma yawan amincewa da 'yan gudun hijira ya fi ƙasa da kashi 1%. Tun daga shekara ta 2003, kimanin baƙi 70,000 ba bisa ka'ida ba daga kasashe daban-daban na Afirka sun haye zuwa Isra'ila. Kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 600 daga yankin Darfur na Sudan an ba su matsayin mazauna wucin gadi don sabuntawa kowace shekara, kodayake ba matsayin' yan gudun hijira na hukuma ba. An ba da wasu 'yan gudun hijira 2,000 daga rikici tsakanin Eritrea da Habasha matsayin mazaunin wucin gadi a kan dalilai na jin kai, kodayake Isra'ila ta fi son kada ta gane su a matsayin' yan gudun hijira.

A cikin wani labari na shekarar 2012, *Reuters* ta ruwaito, "Isra'ila na iya ɗaure baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba har zuwa shekaru uku a ƙarƙashin dokar da aka fara aiki a ranar Lahadi, wani jami'in Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ya ce, wani mataki da aka yi niyyar hana kwararar 'yan Afirka da ke shiga Isra'ila a kan iyakar hamada da Masar.  Ministan cikin gida Eli Yishai ya ce, "Me ya sa muka yi rashin lafiya da zukata masu zubar da jini, gami da 'yan siyasa. Ayyuka za su zama mafi yawa a nan za su sa su zama jarirai, kuma wannan tayin ya sa Sudan ya fice su gudu zuwa duniya, kuma ya sa su zama mafi yawanci, kuma ya zama' yan gudun hijira za su gudu, kuma ya haifar da yawa, kuma ya fice ga Yesu Yesu ya sa suka fice, kuma ya fito da yawa, za su zama' yan kasa, kuma ya sami mafaka za su zama 'yan gudun hijira' yan gudunya suka ficececece' yan gudun

A karkashin Dokar Rigakafin Kutse ta 2014, duk masu ketare kan iyaka da ba bisa ka'ida ba an ayyana su a matsayin "masu kutse" kuma ana iya tsare su a gidan yarin Saharonim na tsawon watanni uku "domin tantancewa" sannan kuma watanni 12 a wurin Holhot mai nisa. Kamfanin dillancin labaran iqna ya habarta cewa, ya nakalto daga shafin sadarwa na yanar gizo na Hotline na ‘yan gudun hijira da kuma bakin haure cewa hukumomi sun mayar da fiye da rabin mutanen da ake tsare da su na Holot zuwa Saharonim har na tsawon watanni da dama saboda wasu laifukan da suka saba wa doka. A wasu jerin hukunce-hukuncen da kotun kolin ta yanke, ta yi watsi da cewa za a iya tsare bakin haure har abada, ta kuma ba da umarnin sakin bakin haure 1,178 'yan kasashen Eritrea da Sudan da ake tsare da su sama da shekara guda ba tare da tuhume su ba. Gwamnati ta hana wadannan masu neman mafaka daga Tel Aviv ko Eilat, inda za su kasance suna da al'ummomin tallafi da kuma samun damar yin ayyukan jin kai.

Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekarar 2015 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama, tun daga shekarar 2011 yanayin 'yan gudun hijira a Isra'ila ya tabarbare "saboda amincewa da manufofi da dokoki da nufin dakile masu neman mafaka a nan gaba ta hanyar yin wahala ga wadanda ke cikin kasar. Wadannan ayyuka sun kara tauye 'yancin jama'a da kuma karfafa barin kasar." Gwamnati za ta yi wahala a nemi izinin zama ɗan gudun hijira yayin da ake tsare da ita na tsawon shekara guda, kuma da zarar an sake shi za ta buƙaci masu neman su ba da hujjar rashin neman izini tun da farko. Ana kiran masu neman mafaka "masu kutse" ta gwamnati da kafafen yada labarai, wadanda ke danganta su da karuwar laifuka, cututtuka, da zaman banza.

### 'Yan Afirka na Isra'ila
A cewar BBC, Yahudawa na Habasha da ke zaune a Isra'ila sun daɗe suna gunaguni game da nuna bambanci. Sun gudanar da tarurruka bayan yarjejeniyar da masu mallakar gidaje a kudancin Isra'ila suka yi don kada su hayar ko sayar da dukiyarsu ga Yahudawa na asalin Habasha. Al'ummar Yahudawa na Habasha sun shiga cikin zanga-zangar bayan bidiyon da ya fito wanda ya nuna 'yan sanda biyu suna doke soja na Habasha da Isra'ila, Demas Fekadeh .  Duk da yake zanga-zangar da dubban masu zanga-zambe suka yi da farko ba ta da tashin hankali, rikice-rikice da 'yan sanda sun ci gaba. ACRI ta yi iƙirarin cewa 'yan sanda sun kasa gargadi masu zanga-zangar kafin yin amfani da matakan watsa jama'a, kuma amfani da su bai karu a hankali ba. Gwamnati ta sauke tuhumar da aka yi wa Fekadeh, ta kammala cewa bai fara rikici da ya haifar da duka ba.

## Ilimi

Dokar 'Yancin Dalibai ta Isra'ila ta shekarar 2000 ta haramta nuna bambanci ga dalibai saboda dalilai na ɗarika a shigarwa ko fitarwa daga cibiyar ilimi, a cikin kafa tsarin karatun daban-daban ko gudanar da azuzuwan daban-daban a cikin wannan cibiyar ilimi guda, da kuma haƙƙoƙi da wajibai na ɗalibai.  Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila ta aiwatar da wannan dokar, wanda ya haifar da zanga-zangar daga iyalan Orthodox waɗanda suka ki tura yaransu zuwa makarantu masu haɗin kai.