Taron Canjin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2011

An gudanar da **Taron Canjin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2011** (COP17) a Durban, Afirka ta Kudu, daga 28 ga Nuwamba zuwa 11 ga Disamba 2011 don kafa sabon yarjejeniya don iyakance hayakin carbon.

Ba a kafa yarjejeniya ba, amma taron ya amince da kafa yarjejeniyar doka da ta kunshi dukkan kasashe a shekarar 2015, wanda zai fara aiki a shekarar 2020. Har ila yau, akwai ci gaba game da kirkirar Asusun Yanayi na Green wanda aka karɓi tsarin gudanarwa. Asusun shine don rarraba dala biliyan 100 a kowace shekara don taimakawa kasashe matalauta su daidaita da tasirin yanayi.&nbsp;

Yayinda shugaban taron, Maite Nkoana-Mashabane, ya bayyana cewa nasara ce,  masana kimiyya da kungiyoyin muhalli sun yi gargadin cewa yarjejeniyar ba ta isa ba don kauce wa dumamar duniya bayan 2 ° C kamar yadda ake buƙatar ƙarin gaggawa. &nbsp;

## Tarihi

An kira taron a hukumance a matsayin zaman 17 na Taron Jam'iyyun  zuwa Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi (UNFCCC) da kuma zaman 7 na Taron Kasashen da ke aiki a matsayin taron Jam'iyyu  zuwa Yarjejeniya ta Kyoto. Bugu da kari, ƙungiyoyi biyu na dindindin na UNFCCC - Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha (SBSTA) da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa don Aiwatarwa (SBI) - suna iya gudanar da zaman su na 35. Taron Canjin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2010 ya tsawaita wa'adin hukumomin wucin gadi guda biyu - Ƙungiyar Aiki ta Ad Hoc kan Ƙarin Alkawari don Ƙaddamarwa ta Ƙungiyoyin A ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Kyoto (AWG-KP) da Ƙungiyar Aikin Aiki ta Doguwar Lokaci a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniya (AWWG-LCA) - don haka ana sa ran su haɗu.

Babban abin da aka mayar da hankali ga taron shine tabbatar da yarjejeniyar yanayi ta duniya yayin da lokacin sadaukarwa na farko na Kyoto Protocol (2008-2012) ke gab da ƙare. Hakanan ana sa ran mayar da hankali kan "ƙarewar aƙalla wasu Yarjejeniyar Cancun", wanda aka cimma a Taron 2010, kamar "haɗin kai kan fasaha mai tsabta", da kuma "kariya ga gandun daji, daidaitawa da tasirin yanayi, da kuɗi - alkawarin canja wurin kuɗi daga ƙasashe masu arziki zuwa matalauta don taimaka musu kare gandun daji. "

Wata daya kafin taron ya fara, BBC ta nuna shawarwari biyu masu rikitarwa waɗanda aka gabatar - ɗaya daga Rasha, ɗayan daga Papua New Guinea, dukansu suna da niyyar gyara Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi. Shirin Rasha  zai kawo "bincike na lokaci-lokaci" inda a halin yanzu ana iya sake rarraba kasashe a matsayin "matalauta" a matsayin "mai arziki", kuma ta haka ne ya tilasta wa manyan wajibai a cikin yaki da canjin yanayi. Wakilin BBC Environment Richard Black ya yi sharhi cewa shawarar za ta kasance "mai tayar da hankali da fashewa, idan Rasha ta tura shi", saboda kasashe masu iya shafar, kamar China da Brazil, za su "tabbatar da karfi sosai". Shirin Papua New Guinea, wanda Jakadan Kevin Conrad ya gabatar tare da goyon bayan Mexico, zai gabatar da hanyar "mafiye-sauye ta ƙarshe" don karya duk wani shinge a tattaunawar sauyin yanayi ta hanyar kuri'un da suka fi yawa, don haka ya bayyana tsarin yanke shawara a karkashin yarjejeniyar. Da yake bayyana shawarar a matsayin "mai ban sha'awa", Black ya lura cewa kodayake zai ba Kasashe masu tasowa damar amfani da girman su na lambobi don karɓar kowane irin wajibin ɗaurewa a duniya, a cikin sharuddan da za su ci gaba da buƙatar amincewar kasashe masu arziki don samun kudade.