Tsarin Lymphatic

**Tsarin lymphatic**, ko **tsarin lymphoid**, wani tsarin gabobi ne a cikin kashin baya wanda ke cikin tsarin garkuwar jiki kuma mai dacewa da tsarin jini . Ya ƙunshi babban cibiyar sadarwa na tasoshin lymphatic, lymph nodes, lymphoid gabobin, lymphatic nama da lymph .   Kalmar Latin don lymph, , yana nufin allahntakar ruwa mai dadi, " Lympha ". 

Ba kamar tsarin jini ba, wanda shine tsarin rufewa, tsarin lymphatic yana buɗewa.   Lymph ya samo asali ne a cikin ruwa mai tsaka-tsaki wanda ke fitowa daga jini a cikin tsarin jini zuwa cikin kyallen takarda na jiki. Wannan ruwan yana ɗaukar abubuwan gina jiki zuwa sel kuma yana tattara kayan sharar gida, ƙwayoyin cuta, da ƙwayoyin da suka lalace, kafin ya shiga cikin tasoshin lymph kamar lymph. Tsarin jini yana aiwatar da matsakaicin  na jini kowace rana ta hanyar tacewa capillary, wanda ke cire plasma daga jini. Kusan  na jinin da aka tace yana sake dawowa kai tsaye cikin tasoshin jini, yayin da sauran  an bar su a cikin ruwa mai tsaka-tsaki. Tsarin lymphatic yana ba da hanyar dawowa zuwa jini don wannan saura. 

Sauran babban aikin shine na kare rigakafi. Lymph yayi kama da plasma na jini, saboda yana dauke da kayan sharar gida da tarkacewar sel, tare da ƙwayoyin cuta da sunadarai. Ƙwayoyin lymph galibi sune lymphocytes. Kwayoyin lymphoid da ke hade da su sun hada da nama na lymphoid, kuma sune shafuka ko dai na samar da lymphocyte ko na kunna lymphocyta. Wadannan sun hada da lymph nodes (inda aka sami mafi girman maida hankali na lymphocyte), spleen, Thymus, da tonsils. Lymphocytes da farko ana samar da su a cikin ƙwayar ƙashi. Kwayoyin lymphoid kuma suna dauke da wasu nau'ikan sel kamar su stromal cells don tallafi. Lymphoid nama kuma yana da alaƙa da Mucosas kamar mucosa-associated lymphoid nama (MALT). 

Wadannan tasoshin suna ɗauke da lymph a ko'ina cikin jiki, suna wucewa ta hanyar lymph nodes da yawa waɗanda ke tace kayan da ba a so kamar kwayoyin cuta da sel da suka lalace. Lymph sa'an nan kuma ya wuce cikin manyan tasoshin lymph da aka sani da lymph ducts. Hanyar lymphatic ta dama tana zubar da gefen dama na yankin kuma babbar hanyar lymphatic na hagu, wanda aka sani da thoracic duct, tana zubar a gefen hagu na jiki. Ducts sun kwashe cikin jijiyoyin subclavian don komawa cikin jini. Lymph yana motsawa ta hanyar tsarin ta hanyar raguwar tsoka. A wasu dabbobi masu kashin baya, zuciya ce ta lymph wacce ke tura lymph zuwa jijiyoyi.

Olaus Rudbeck da Thomas Bartholin ne suka fara bayyana tsarin lymphatic a karni na 17 da kansu.

## Tsarinsa

Tsarin lymph ya ƙunshi cibiyar sadarwa ta tasoshin lymphatic, gabobin lymphoid, ƙwayoyin lymphoid.

### Kwayoyin lymphoid na farko
Kwayoyin lymphoid na farko (ko na tsakiya), gami da Thymus, ƙwayar ƙashi, hanta na jariri da jaka na yolk, suna da alhakin samar da lymphocytes daga ƙwayoyin iyaye marasa girma ba tare da antigens ba. Thymus da ƙwayar ƙashi sune gabobin lymphoid na farko da ke cikin samarwa da Zaɓin clonal na farko na Kwayoyin lymphocytes.

Kwayoyin lymphoid na farko na nau'in tsuntsaye sun haɗa da ƙwayar ƙashi, thymus, bursa na Fabricius, da yolk sac.

#### Red bone marrow
Kwayar kasusuwa- musamman jan kasusuwa -  tana da alhakin duka halittar abubuwan da ke tattare da T cell da samarwa da balaga na sel B, waɗanda aka sani da lymphocytes, mahimman nau'ikan sel na tsarin rigakafi. Daga jan ƙashi-, Kwayoyin B nan da nan sun shiga tsarin zagayawa kuma suna tafiya zuwa gabobin lymphoid na biyu don neman pathogens. T cells, a gefe guda, suna tafiya daga ƙwayar ƙashi zuwa thymus, inda suke fuskantar tsari mai yawa don haɓaka ƙwarewar rigakafi. A cikin thymic cortex, ƙwayoyin T masu tasowa suna sake tsara kwayoyin halittar T-cell (TCR) kuma suna ƙarƙashin zaɓi mai kyau, wanda ke tabbatar da cewa ƙwayoyin C ne kawai waɗanda ke iya gane ƙwayoyin histocompatibility (MHC) masu tasowa. Wadanda suka ɗaure da rauni sun mutu. Kwayoyin T da suka tsira sai su koma ga thymic medulla, inda Zaɓin da ba shi da kyau ya cire sel na T waɗanda ke ɗaure antigen kansu tare da babban dangantaka, hana cututtukan autoimmune. Kasa da 5% na ƙwayoyin T sun wuce duka gwaje-gwaje na zaɓe kuma sun kai ga balaga; waɗannan ƙwayoyin C masu girma sun haɗu da ƙwayoyin B don neman pathogens.

Bincike kan kifi mai ƙasusuwa ya nuna tarin ƙwayoyin T a cikin thymus da spleen na ƙwayoyin lymphoid a cikin salmon kuma ya nuna cewa babu ƙwayoyin C da yawa a cikin ƙwayoyin da ba na lymphoid ba.h

## Manazarta