Ted Strehlow

**Theodor George Henry Strehlow** (6 Yuni 1908 - 3 Oktoba 1978) masanin ilimin ɗan adam ne kuma masanin harshe na Australiya. Ya yi nazarin Arrernte (Aranda, Arunta) Aboriginal Australians da yarensu a Tsakiyar Australia.

## Rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta farko
Mahaifin Strehlow shi ne Carl Strehlow, fasto na Lutheran kuma Superintendent, tun daga 1896, na Ofishin Jakadancin Hermannsburg, kudu maso yammacin Alice Springs a kan Kogin Finke.  (Carl kuma masanin harshe ne mai basira wanda ya yi karatu da rubuce-rubuce game da harsunan yankin, kuma Ted daga baya ya gina kan aikinsa.) An haifi Strehlow, wata daya da wuri, a Hermannsburg, sunan asalin shine Ntaria.  An haife shi A cikin harsuna uku, yana magana, ban da Turanci, kuma Arrernte tare da ma'aikatan Aboriginal da yara 'yan asalin ƙasar, da Jamus tare da danginsa. Bayan ziyarar iyali zuwa Jamus lokacin da yake dan shekara uku (1911), ya dawo tare da iyayensa, kuma ya girma ya rabu da 'yan uwansa maza huɗu da' yar'uwa, Frederick, Karl, Rudolf, Hermann da Martha, waɗanda suka girma a Jamus. Ya yi karatun Latin da Girkanci a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin karatun makarantarsa.

### Ilimi da farkon aiki
Lokacin da Strehlow ke da shekaru 14 mahaifinsa mai iko da kwarewa ya yi kwangila kuma labarin jigilar mahaifinsa mai mutuwa zuwa tashar inda aka sami taimakon likita a cikin littafin Strehlow Journey to Horseshoe Bend. Mutuwar mahaifinsa ta nuna Strehlow har abada. Ya bar Hermannsburg don karatun sakandare a Kwalejin Immanuel, makarantar kwana ga yara maza na ƙasar Jamus, a Adelaide. Ya kasance a saman Jihar a cikin Latin, Girkanci da Jamusanci a cikin shekararsa ta ƙarshe Barin Takardar shaidar a 1926, kuma ta haka ne ya sami tallafin gwamnati don karatu a Jami'ar Adelaide.

A jami'a Strehlow daga ƙarshe ya shiga cikin karatun girmamawa na hadin gwiwa a cikin Classic da Ingilishi, ya kammala a 1931 tare da girmamawa a duka biyun. 

Tare da goyon baya daga malaminsa, kuma daga duka A. P. Elkin da Norman Tindale, Strehlow ya sami tallafin bincike daga Majalisar Bincike ta Kasa ta Australiya don nazarin al'adun Arrernte, kuma don wannan dalili ya koma gidansa a Tsakiyar Ostiraliya wanda ya sha wahala da shekaru hudu na fari da cututtuka waɗanda suka kwashe mutane da yawa, kuma suka kwashe ƙasar dabbobin daji. Ƙabilun Tsakiyar Ostiraliya sun riga sun zama abin sha'awa a duniya ta hanyar aikin hadin gwiwa na bincike da binciken ethnographic da Baldwin Spencer da Frank Gillen suka yi, waɗanda bincikensu ya yi tasiri sosai a kan ka'idar zamantakewa da ta ɗan adam, a cikin ayyukan Emile Durkheim da James G. Frazer, da kuma psychoanalysis, a cikin rubutun da Sigmund Freud ya gabatar a cikin Totem da Taboo. Ɗaya daga cikin almajiran Freud, Géza Róheim, ya gudanar da Aikin gona yayin da yake zaune a Hermannsburg tsakanin Arrernte a cikin 1929.

Manyan masu ba da labari na farko, tsofaffi da cikakkun maza, sune Gurra, daga arewacin Arrernte, da Njitia da Makarinja daga Horseshoe Bend,  daga baya Rauwiraka, Makarinja, Kolbarinja,  Utnadata da Namatjira, mahaifin sanannen mai zane na wannan sunan. Mickey Gurra (Tjentermana),  mai ba da labari na farko kuma na ƙarshe na *Ingkata* ko shugabannin bikin  na cibiyar totem na bandicoot da aka sani da *Ilbalintja*, ya gaya wa Strehlow a watan Mayu 1933 cewa shi ko wani daga cikin sauran tsofaffi ba shi da 'ya'ya maza ko jikoki da ke da alhakin amincewa da asirin abubuwa masu tsarki (tjurunga) (da yawa daga cikinsu ana sayar da su don abinci da taba yayin da al'adun asali suka lalace), Sun damu da cewa duk asirin su zai mutu tare da su. Da yawa, kamar Rauwiraka, sun gaya wa Strehlow iliminsu na sirri, har ma da sunayensu, suna amincewa da shi don kiyaye cikakkun bayanai game da duk al'adunsu masu tsarki da al'adun su. An dauke shi memba na mutanen Arrernte, ta hanyar karɓar al'ada ta kabilar.

A cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa, wanda ya rufe fiye da kilomita 7,000 na hamada don shaida da yin rikodin hanyoyin Aboriginal, Strehlow ya shaida kuma ya rubuta wasu bukukuwan tsarki 166 da ke hulɗa da ayyukan totemic, mafi yawansu ba a sake yin su ba.[1] Matsayinsa na ilimi ya sanya hannu tare da buga Aranda Traditions (1947). An tattara wannan aikin a cikin 1934 amma Strehlow ya jinkirta bugawa har sai duk masu ba da labari sun mutu.

## Manazarta