Rebecca Gratz

**Rebecca Gratz** (Maris 4,1781-Agusta 27,1869) memba ce ta dangin Gratz,wanda ya zauna a Amurka kafin yakin juyin juya hali.Ta kasance Ba’amurke Ba’amurke mai ilimi kuma mai ba da taimako a cikin ƙarni na 19 na Amurka.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Rebecca Gratz a ranar 4 ga Maris,1781,a Lancaster,Pennsylvania.Ita ce ta bakwai cikin 'ya'ya goma sha biyu da Miriam Simon da Michael Gratz suka haifa.Mahaifiyarta ita ce 'yar Joseph Simon,babban ɗan kasuwa Bayahude na Lancaster,yayin da mahaifinta,wanda asalin sunan sa Grätz,ya yi hijira zuwa Amurka a cikin shekarar 1752 daga Langendorf,cikin Silesia na Jamusanci  Mika'ilu, wanda ya fito daga zuriyar manyan malamai masu daraja,kuma Maryamu Yahudawa ne masu lura da kuma ƙwazo na majami'ar farko ta Philadelphia,Mikveh Isra'ila .

## Tallafawa
A cikin 1801,lokacin da yake da shekaru 20,Rebecca Gratz ya taimaka wajen kafa Ƙungiyar Mata don Taimakon Mata da Yara a Rage Halin Halitta,wanda ya taimaka wa matan da iyalansu ke shan wahala bayan yakin juyin juya halin Amurka. A cikin 1815, bayan da ta ga buƙatar wata cibiya ga marayu a Philadelphia,ta kasance cikin waɗanda suka taimaka wajen kafa mafakar marayu ta Philadelphia. Bayan shekaru hudu,an zabe ta a matsayin sakatariyar hukumar ta.Ta ci gaba da rike wannan ofishin har tsawon shekaru arba'in.A karkashin Gratz,Makarantar Lahadi ta Ibrananci,irinta ta farko a Amurka,an fara a 1838.Gratz ya zama duka mai kula da shi kuma shugaban kasa kuma ya taimaka wajen haɓaka tsarin karatunsa.  yayi murabus a 1864.

Gratz kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar Ibrananci ta Mata a cikin 1819.Ƙungiyar mata daga Congregation Mikveh Isra'ila ce ta ƙirƙira ƙungiyar sabis na zamantakewa don tallafawa matan Yahudawa na Philadelphia waɗanda suka sami kansu ba zato ba tsammani ba tare da miji ba (ko ta hanyar rashin lafiya,mutuwa ko kiwo).Gratz ya rike mukamin sakatare a kungiyar na kusan shekaru 40. 

A cikin 1850,ta ba da shawarar a cikin ,akan sa hannun *<nowiki/>'Yar Isra'ila*,tushen gidan reno Bayahude.Shawararta ta kasance mafi mahimmanci wajen kafa irin wannan gida a 1855. Sauran kungiyoyin da suka taso saboda kokarinta sun hada da kungiyar mai da dinki.

An ce Gratz ya kasance abin koyi na Rebecca,'yar ɗan kasuwa Bayahude Isaac na York,wanda ita ce jaruma a cikin littafin *Ivanhoe* na Sir Walter Scott.An jawo hankalin Scott ga halin Gratz ta Washington Irving,wanda shine babban aminin dangin Gratz.   An yi jayayya da da'awar,amma kuma an ci gaba sosai a cikin labarin mai suna "Asali na Rebecca a Ivanhoe",wanda ya bayyana a cikin *Mujallar Karni*, 1882,shafi.&nbsp;679-682.

Gratz bai yi aure ba.Daga cikin tayin aure da ta samu akwai wata Ba’ajame da take ƙauna amma ta zaɓi ba za ta yi aure ba saboda bangaskiyarta.

Fitaccen ɗan wasan Amurka Thomas Sully ya zana hotonta sau biyu.Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan hotunan(duka biyun mallakar gidan kayan tarihi na Rosenbach ne)ana nunawa a Gidan Tarihi na Tarihin Yahudawa na Amurka. 

## Mutuwa
Gratz ya mutu a ranar 27 ga Agusta,1869,a Philadelphia,Pennsylvania kuma an binne shi a makabartar Mikveh Isra'ila.Ba da daɗewa ba bayan mutuwarta,ɗan'uwanta Hyman ya kafa kuma ya ba da kuɗin Kwalejin Gratz,kwalejin malamai a Philadelphia,don tunawa da ita.

## Bayanan Bayani