Akai Akai

A cikin **nahawu**, **frequentative form** (ana taƙaita shi da **FREQ** ko **FR**) na wata kalma yana nuna **aiki da ake maimaitawa sau da yawa**, amma bai kamata a rikita shi da **iterative aspect** ba.

**Frequentative form** na iya zama wata kalma ce daban amma **ba cikakkiyar kalma mai zaman kanta ba**, ana kiranta **frequentative**.

A cikin harshen Turanci, **frequentative** baya kasancewa abin da ake ƙirƙira sabo yanzu (**ba ya da productivity**), sabanin wasu rukunin harsuna kamar:

* **Finno-Ugric**
* **Balto-Slavic**
* **Turkic**

----Ga **muhimman kalmomi daga rubutun da fassararsu**:

# **Grammar** – Nahawu (ilimin yadda ake tsara jimloli da kalmomi).
# **Frequentative form** – Siffar maimaituwa (siffa da ke nuna aiki da ake yawan maimaitawa).
# **Abbreviated** – Takaitacce.
# **Repeated action** – Aiki da ake maimaitawa.
# **Iterative aspect** – Yanayin maimaiton aiki (amma daban yake da frequentative).
# **Independent word** – Kalma mai zaman kanta.
# **Productive (linguistics)** – Ikon ƙirƙirar sabbin kalmomi a harshe.
# **Finno-Ugric** – Rukunin harsuna irin su Finnish da Hungarian.
# **Balto-Slavic** – Rukunin harsunan Baltic da Slavic (kamar Lithuanian, Russian).
# **Turkic** – Rukunin harsunan Turkawa (kamar Turkish, Uzbek, Kazakh).

Kana so in ba ka **misalai na frequentative a Turanci** (kamar *drip → dribble*, *pat → patter*) tare da fassarar su a Hausa?

## Turanci
duba.-linkid="21" href="./English_language" id="mwIA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="English language">Turanci yana da *-le* da -*Er* a matsayin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadadden. Wasu kalmomin da ke rayuwa a cikin Turanci, kuma kalmomin iyayensu an jera su a ƙasa. Bugu da ƙari, wasu kalmomin da ke faruwa akai-akai an kafa su ne ta hanyar sake maimaitawa ma'anar ma'anar (misali, coo-cooing, duba murmur na Latin). Sau da yawa ana kirkirar sunayen da aka saba amfani da su ta hanyar hada nau'ikan wasali daban-daban guda biyu na kalma ɗaya (kamar a cikin teeter-totter, pitter-patter, chitchat.) 

## Finnish
A cikin Finnish, kalma mai maimaitawa tana nuna wani mataki guda da aka maimaita, "a kusa da wurin" a sararin samaniya da kuma na ɗan lokaci. Cikakken fassarar zai zama "tafiye - kewaye ba tare da wata manufa ba". Akwai babban jerin nau'o'i daban-daban, wanda aka nuna ta hanyar alamun haɗin Kalmomin. Gabaɗaya, ɗaya mai maimaitawa *-shi-* *-:i-*, kuma wani -ele-, amma kusan koyaushe ana haɗa shi da wani abu. Wasu siffofi:

* *sataa - sadella - satelee* "zuwa ruwan sama - zuwa ruwan sama a wasu lokuta - ruwan sama a lokuta"
* *ampua - ammu<u>skella</u> - ammuskelen* "don harbi - tafi harbi a kusa - Ina zuwa harbi a ko'ina"
* *juosta - juokse<u>nnella</u> - juoksentelen* "don gudu - don gudu a kusa (zuwa da baya) - Ina gudu a kusa"
* Yana da amfani da shi don yin rubutu - don yin rubutu (wani abu gajere) a wasu lokuta - ina rubuta "a kusa"
* Don yin amfani da shi don yin amfani da su don yin amfani le shi don yin tsari a kai a kai, don yin wasa a kusa da su don sanya su cikin tsari.
* shi ne - heittelehtiä - heittehledit "don jefa - don karkatarwa - kuna karkatarwa"
* loikata - loikkia - loikin "don tsalle sau ɗaya - don tsalle (sake) - Na tsalle (sau da yawa) "
* istua - istuksia - istuksit "don zama - don zama (ba zato ba tsammani a wani wuri), loiter - kuna zama a can ta wurin zama"

Akwai nau'o'i masu yawa, waɗanda aka nuna a sama; waɗannan suna shafar ƙididdigar ƙididdiga kamar yadda aka nuna. Ma'anarsu sun ɗan bambanta; duba jerin, an shirya su da ƙayyadaddun ~ na mutum:

* -ella~-el-: ba *-ta* da izini ba.
* *-skella*~-skele-: kalma mai maimaitawa, inda aikin yake da gangan (daidaitawa) 
* -stella~*-stele-*: mai haifar da shi da yawa, inda batun ke haifar da wani abu da aka nuna a cikin tushen, kamar "umurni" vs. "don ci gaba da ƙoƙarin sanya wani abu a cikin tsari".
* *-nnella*~*-ntele-*: mai maimaitawa, inda ake buƙatar ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. Alamar *-nt-* tana nuna ci gaba da ƙoƙari, saboda haka *-ntele-* tana nuna jerin irin waɗannan ƙoƙarin.
* *-elehtia*~*-elehdi-*: motsi wanda ba zato ba tsammani ne kuma mai tilastawa, kamar a ƙarƙashin ciwo, misali vääntelehtiä "yi a cikin ciwo", ko *heittelehtiä* "don karkatar"
* *-:ia-*~*-i-*: ci gaba da aiki tabbas a wani lokaci, inda aka sake maimaita aikin ko ƙoƙari.
* *-ksia*~*-ksi-*: iri ɗaya da *-i-*, amma ba daidai ba, cf. *-skella*

Ana iya haɗa maimaitawa tare da momentanes, wato, don nuna maimaitawar ɗan gajeren lokaci, aikin kwatsam. Ana iya gabatar da *-ahta-* tare da -ele- mai yawa don samar da morpheme *-ahtele-*, kamar yadda a cikin *Täristä* "don girgiza (ci gaba) " → *tärähtää* "don girgizar ba zato ba tsammani sau ɗaya" → *tärähdellä* "don girji, ta yadda ake maimaita girgizar ɗaya, ba zato ba zato bawon". Misali, bambancin da ke tsakanin waɗannan shi ne cewa ƙasa tana girgiza (maa tärisee) a kai a kai lokacin da babban mota ke wucewa, ƙasa tana girga sau ɗaya (*maa tärähtää*) lokacin da bindigogi ke ƙonewa, kuma ƙasa tana girgizar ba zato ba tsammani amma akai-akai (*Ma'a tärähtelee*) lokacin da batirin bindigogi yake harba.

Tunda maimaitawa kalma ce, ba bambancin ilimin lissafi ba, mai yiwuwa ya faru.

Ana sanya Kalmomin aro a cikin nau'in maimaitawa, idan aikin ya kasance haka. Idan aikin ba zai iya zama wani abu ba sai dai mai yawa, "tsarin asali" ba ya wanzu, kamar "zuwa sayayya".

* *surffata - surffailla* "don hawan igiyar ruwa - zuwa hawan igiya (a kusa da net) "
* *shopata - shoppailla "*don sayayya sau ɗaya - don zuwa sayayya"

Adjectives na iya karɓar alamomi masu yawa: *iso - isotella* "babban - don magana babba", ko *feikkailla* 

## Tushen

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