Juyin juya halin Sudan

Juyin  Juya **Halin Sudan** (  ) wani babban sauyi ne na ikon siyasa a Sudan wanda ya fara da zanga-zangar tituna a duk fadin kasar Sudan a ranar 19 ga Disamba 2018   kuma ya ci gaba da ci gaba da rashin biyayya ga fararen hula na kimanin watanni takwas, lokacin da juyin mulkin Sudan na 2019 ya hambarar da Shugaba Omar Al-Bashir a ranar 11 ga Afrilu bayan shekaru 30 a kan karagar mulki, a ranar 3 ga watan Yuni aka yi kisan kiyashi a Khartoum karkashin jagorancin Majalisar Soja ta Rikon kwarya (TMC) wacce ta maye gurbin al-Bashir, kuma a watan Yuli da Agusta 2019  TMC da Sojojin Kungiyar 'Yanci da Sauya (FFC) ta rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniyar siyasa da kuma daftarin kundin tsarin mulki bisa ka'ida, wanda ya ayyana wani tsari na watanni 39 na hukumomin rikon kwarya da tsare-tsare don mayar da Sudan kan tsarin dimokradiyyar farar hula.   

A watan Agusta da Satumba na 2019, TMC ta mika ikon zartarwa a hukumance zuwa ga hadin gwiwar soja da farar hula, majalisar mulkin Sudan, da Firayim Minista na farar hula, Abdalla Hamdok da mafi yawan majalisar ministocin farar hula, yayin da aka mayar da ikon shari'a zuwa ga Nemat Abdullah Khair, mace ta farko a Sudan .  Yayin da akasari dai game da wannan wa'adin watanni takwas ne, ana ta muhawara kan ma'anar juyin juya halin Sudan, wannna kuma za a iya fassara shi da cewa ya hada da lokacin firaminista Hamdok, wanda ya yi alkawarin cewa wa'adin mika mulki zai aiwatar da "shirin". " na juyin juya hali. 

## Dubawa
A ranar 19 ga Disamba, 2018, an gudanar da jerin zanga-zanga a wasu biranen kasar Sudan, saboda tsadar rayuwa da tabarbarewar tattalin arziki a dukkan matakai na al'umma.  Nan take zanga-zangar ta juya daga bukatar yin garambawul ga tattalin arzikin kasar zuwa bukatar shugaba Omar al-Bashir ya sauka daga mulki.  

Rikicin martanin da gwamnati ta yi kan wadannan zanga-zangar lumana ya haifar da damuwar kasashen duniya. A ranar 22 ga Fabrairu, 2019, al-Bashir ya ayyana dokar ta-baci tare da rusa gwamnatocin kasa da na shiyya, inda ya maye gurbin na baya da sojoji da jami’an leken asiri.  A ranar 8 ga Maris, al-Bashir ya ba da sanarwar cewa za a saki dukkan matan da aka daure saboda zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnati.  A karshen mako na 6-7 ga Afrilu, an yi zanga-zanga mai yawa a karon farko tun bayan ayyana dokar ta-baci.  A ranar 10 ga Afrilu, an ga sojoji suna kare masu zanga-zangar daga jami'an tsaro,  kuma a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, sojoji sun cire al-Bashir daga mulki a wani juyin mulki .  

Bayan hambarar da al-Bashir daga kan karagar mulki, an ci gaba da gudanar da zanga-zangar kan tituna da kungiyar kwararru ta Sudan da 'yan adawar dimokuradiyya suka shirya, suna kira ga majalisar mulkin soja ta wucin gadi (TMC) da ta yi "ba tare da wani sharadi ba" ta koma gefe don goyon bayan gwamnatin rikon kwaryar karkashin farar hula. tare da yin kira ga sauran sauye-sauye a Sudan.   Tattaunawar tsakanin TMC da 'yan adawar farar hula na kafa gwamnatin rikon kwarya ta hadin gwiwa ta gudana ne a karshen watan Afrilu da kuma a watan Mayu, amma ta tsaya a lokacin da dakarun Rapid Support Forces da sauran jami'an tsaro na TMC suka kashe mutane 128,  suka yi wa 70 fyade  tare da raunata wasu. a kisan kiyashin da aka yi a birnin Khartoum a ranar 3 ga watan Yuni. 

'Yan adawa sun mayar da martani ga kisan kiyashi da kame bayan kisan kiyashi ta hanyar gudanar da yajin aikin gama gari na kwanaki 3 daga 9-11 ga Yuni  tare da yin kira da a ci gaba da nuna rashin biyayya ga jama'a da kuma tsayin daka har sai TMC ta mika mulki ga gwamnatin farar hula.   A ranar 12 ga watan Yuni 'yan adawa sun amince da dakatar da yajin aikin kuma TMC ta amince da sakin fursunonin siyasa. 

Bayan sabunta tattaunawar, an amince da wata yarjejeniya, da ake kira Yarjejeniyar Siyasa, da baki tsakanin TMC da masu zanga-zangar farar hula da Rundunar 'Yanci da Canji (FFC) ta wakilta a kan 5 Yuli 2019   da kuma rubutaccen fom  TMC da FFC ne suka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar a ranar 17 ga Yuli.  TMC da FFC sun ba da sanarwar cewa za su raba madafun iko don gudanar da Sudan ta hanyar hukumomin zartarwa da na majalisa da kuma binciken shari'a game da abubuwan da suka faru bayan juyin mulkin, ciki har da kisan kiyashin Khartoum, har sai lokacin zabe a tsakiyar 2022 .   Yarjejeniyar Siyasa ta cika da Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Mulki,   wanda FFC da TMC suka sanya hannu a farko a ranar 4 ga Agusta 2019  kuma sun sanya hannu kan kari akan 17 ga Agusta.  Shirin mika mulki ya samar da Majalisar Sarauta a matsayin shugaban kasa, tare da hadin gwiwar farar hula da sojoji da jagoranci da za a canza daga shugaban soja zuwa shugaban farar hula watanni 21 bayan fara wa'adin rikon kwarya, na tsawon watanni 39 na mika mulki da zai kai ga shiga. zabe.  

An narkar da TMC kuma an ƙirƙiri Majalisar Mulki mafi yawa  a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2019.  An nada Abdalla Hamdok Firayim Minista a ranar 21 ga Agusta 2019.  A farkon watan Satumba ne aka sanar da majalisar ministocin rikon kwarya, mai ministoci hudu mata hudu da maza 14 na farar hula da kuma ministocin soja 2 maza.  An shirya fara wani " cikakkiyar shirin zaman lafiya " tsakanin kasar Sudan da kungiyoyin 'yan adawa masu dauke da makamai a ranar 1 ga Satumba 2019.  An nada Nemat Abdullah Khair a matsayin mace ta farko mai shari'a a Sudan a ranar 10 ga Oktoba.  An ci gaba da zanga-zangar kan tituna a lokacin rikon kwarya.     

## Fage
Al-Bashir dai ya mulki kasar ne tun a shekarar 1989  lokacin da ya jagoranci juyin mulkin da ya yi nasara a kan zababbun, amma firaminista na lokacin Sadiq al-Mahdi ya samu karbuwa.  Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta kasa da kasa (ICC) ta tuhumi Al-Bashir da laifukan yaki da cin zarafin bil adama a yankin Darfur da ke yammacin kasar.

## Manazarta