2021 Rikicin mai samar da iskar gas na Burtaniya

Tun daga watan Agusta na 2021, hauhawar farashin iskar gas a Turai ya fara yin tasiri sosai ga Burtaniya . Saboda haɗuwa da yanayi mara kyau, ciki har da hauhawar buƙatar iskar gas a Asiya, raguwar wadatar iskar gas daga Rasha zuwa kasuwannin Turai, ƙarancin tarin iskar gas, da kuma jerin matsaloli a wurare daban-daban na wutar lantarki, masu amfani da iskar gas a Burtaniya sun fuskanci hauhawar farashin iskar gas mai yawa.

Masu amfani da wutar lantarki, kamfanonin samar da wutar lantarki, da kuma kasuwancin da suka dogara da iskar carbon dioxide duk sun fuskanci matsala. Wannan rikicin ya sa wasu ƙananan masu samar da wutar lantarki a Burtaniya suka daina aiki, lamarin da ya shafi kusan masu amfani da wutar lantarki miliyan biyu a ranar 14 ga Oktoba, 2021.

## Dalilai

Babban abin da ya jawo hauhawar farashin shine hauhawar farashin iskar gas a duk duniya.  Kayayyakin cikin gida suna biyan kusan kashi 40% ne kawai na bukatun Burtaniya,  yayin da sauran ake shigo da su daga ƙasashe maƙwabta, kamar Norway da Netherlands, da kuma ƙasashen Qatar da Amurka, kuma kayayyakin Rasha kusan kashi 5% na kasuwar Burtaniya.   Farashin iskar gas ya tashi da kashi 250% tsakanin Janairu da Satumba.&nbsp;A shekarar 2021, tare da karuwar kashi 70% a watan Agusta kawai.  Karin farashin ya faru ne sakamakon karuwar bukatar da ake da ita a duniya yayin da duniya ta janye daga koma bayan tattalin arziki da COVID-19 ya haifar, musamman saboda tsananin bukatar makamashi a Asiya.  

Rasha yawanci tana samar da kashi 40%-50% na amfani da Tarayyar Turai, yayin da Aljeriya, Norway da shigo da kayayyaki daga ƙasashen waje ke rufe mafi yawan sauran.   Nan da nan kafin rikicin, Rasha ta samar da ƙasa da yadda aka saba ga Turai - ta samar da iskar gas bisa ga kwangilolin dogon lokaci, amma ba ta samar da ƙarin iskar gas a kasuwa ba . Sashen Leken Asiri na Tattalin Arziki ya ba da rahoton cewa Rasha tana da ƙarancin ƙarfin fitar da iskar gas saboda yawan buƙatun cikin gida tare da samarwa kusa da kololuwarta, da kuma matsalolin fasaha.   A lokacin Janairu-Yuni 2021, Rasha ta samar da kusan kashi 22% na iskar gas ga Turai fiye da watannin da suka gabata a 2020, kuma kusan adadin da aka samu a 2019. Aljeriya ta kuma ƙara yawan kayayyaki a waɗannan watanni, amma wasu ƙasashe sun samar da ƙasa da haka, ciki har da Norway, Birtaniya, da Netherlands. 

Yanayin yanayi ya kuma zama abin takaici ga Birtaniya: sanyin hunturu na 2020/21 a Burtaniya ya haifar da amfani da iskar gas mai yawa don dumama tsakiya fiye da yadda aka saba, wanda ya rage tarin kayan aiki,  wanda ya kara ta'azzara sakamakon bukatar iskar gas don samar da wutar lantarki a lokacin bazara na 2021 saboda jerin katsewar wutar lantarki ta nukiliya, rufewar bayan gobarar haɗin HVDC Cross-Channel wanda ya kawo wutar lantarki daga Faransa, da kuma rufe cibiyar adana kayan aiki ta Rough, wanda ya sa ba zai yiwu Birtaniya ta kula da ajiyar kayan aiki na dogon lokaci ba.  Wannan ya kara ta'azzara a Burtaniya ta hanyar daya daga cikin lokutan bazara mafi karancin iska tun 1961,   wanda ya sa samar da wutar lantarki ta iska ta yi kasa da yadda aka saba.

Kamfanonin iskar gas da yawa sun sayar wa masu amfani da kwangilolin jadawalin kuɗin fito na wani ƙayyadadden lokaci, misali shekara guda, amma sun kasa yin cikakken shinge kan hauhawar farashin iskar gas a nan gaba, don haka suna fuskantar manyan asara a kan waɗannan kwangilolin ƙayyadaddun farashi.  Bugu da ƙari, ƙuntatawa na doka kan matsakaicin kamfanonin iskar gas na yau da kullun an ba su damar cajin masu amfani da shi yana nufin cewa wannan hauhawar farashin ba za a iya mika shi ga waɗannan abokan ciniki gaba ɗaya ba. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa tun daga watan Satumba na 2021, wasu ƙananan kamfanonin samar da iskar gas sun daina kasuwanci saboda fatarar kuɗi.   

## Tasiri
A farkon shekarar 2021, akwai kamfanonin samar da iskar gas na cikin gida kusan 70 a Burtaniya.  Ya zuwa ranar 22 ga Nuwamba 2021, jimillar kamfanonin samar da iskar gas 20 sun daina ciniki sakamakon rikicin da ke ci gaba da faruwa, wanda ya shafi kusan abokan ciniki miliyan uku da rabi.   Waɗannan sun haɗa da Avro Energy da Bulb Energy ; na ƙarshen shine mafi girman mai samar da kayayyaki da ya daina ciniki zuwa yau, wanda ya shafi kusan 1.7miliyoyin abokan ciniki,  yayin da mutuwar Avro Energy ta shafi ƙarin 580,000. Kwalba ita ce kamfanin makamashi na bakwai mafi girma a Burtaniya kuma tana da ma'aikata kusan 1,000.  A cewar wasu masu sharhi kan masana'antu, ana tsammanin aƙalla kamfanonin samar da kayayyaki 35 suna cikin haɗarin rugujewa.  An mayar da abokan cinikin kamfanonin da suka gaza zuwa sabbin masu samar da kayayyaki ta hanyar tsarin Ofishin Gas da Wutar Lantarki, wani lokacin suna canzawa zuwa farashi mai tsada.  A watan Oktoba 2021, masu amfani da iskar gas na kasuwanci da ke fama da wahala sun nemi gwamnati ta sa baki.  Babban farashin iskar gas ya shafi farashin wutar lantarki sosai, kuma wasu masu aiki da jiragen ƙasa na lantarki sun koma na ɗan lokaci zuwa jiragen ƙasa na dizal. 

## Sakamako
A ranar 28 ga Oktoba, 2021, farashin iskar gas a Turai ya faɗi da kashi 12% bayan da Rasha ta sanar da cewa za ta ƙara yawan kayayyaki zuwa Austria da Jamus bayan an cika wuraren ajiyar iskar gas na Rasha a ranar 8 ga Nuwamba. Norway ta ƙara yawan samar da iskar gas, kuma ƙarancin farashin kwal a China shi ma ya taimaka wajen rage farashin iskar gas. Farashin Birtaniya ya yi daidai da farashin Turai, amma zai ci gaba da ninka sau huɗu fiye da yadda aka saba.   A ranar 16 ga Nuwamba, 2021, farashin iskar gas na Burtaniya ya tashi da kashi 17% bayan da hukumar kula da makamashi ta Jamus ta dakatar da amincewa da bututun iskar gas na Nord Stream 2 daga Rasha zuwa Jamus.   

Farashi mai yawa a Turai ya jawo hankalin jigilar LNG daga wasu sassan duniya. An jawo hankalin kaya daga Amurka zuwa Asiya musamman saboda raguwar lokacin tafiya, ban da farashi. Jigilar LNG daga Rasha suma ta ƙaru. Ƙarin wadatar ya haifar da faɗuwar wasu farashi a makon ƙarshe na Disamba.  

## Manazarta