Solomon Osagie Alonge

**Chief Solomon Osagie Alonge** (1911–1994) Ya kasance mai ƙwarewar ƙasa a tattalin arziki da tsohuwar hoto na Najeriya. Ya kasance shi ne mutum uku mai hoto na ofishin tagungu na birnin Benin, Najeriya, da kuma sarkin kwanan nan na jama’a a kungiyar Iwebo palace. Littafin Alonge game da yaran Nigeria da tsarin rayuwa shine da farko da aka dauki taron kuma da kwarewar a matsayin takardar rayuwar.”

## Rayuwa
"Alonge ya farko a birnin Benin a shekara ta 1911. Ya ga karatun Ingilishi a Makarantar Baptist na Benin Elementary da a shekara ta 14 ya tafi Lagos don karatu da wani kaka, inda ya sha'awar hoto. A 1930, Alonge ya dawo cikin Benin da ya fara amfani da hoto daga gidansa a garin Ugbague. Ya yi jiran sauke hoto a waje kamar yadda ya dauka kuma ya hoto da wasu adabi, wasu gona, da ra'ayi na gwamnati. Lokacin da yaron oba na farko, mai magana na Edo don "sarauta", ya samu matsayin oba a 1933, Alonge ya kasance shi ne mai hoto na birnin, ya tace taɓar talatin da kuma farfajiyar kowane rayuwarta daga gidan Akenzua a shekarar 1935. Kwarewar Alonge ta kasance a lokacin da mai taken sa'an nan a farko ta halitta, kuma suka tambayi shi don samun hoto na aikin kasar Birtaniya a shekarar 1930 da 1940. A bakin shekarar 1930, ya kasance shi ne takardar tsare gida na Benin Social Circle, mai tsawo mai aiki, takara da mataki da daga cikin 'yan takara na kasashen shiga.[3] Ya yi shugaban kasuwar Masallacin Baptist mai gaba cikin shekara 20 da suka wuce. A 1942, ya kammala Ideal Photo Studio a birnin Benin, inda ya dora harkokin karamin, wanda ya farko da harsashi mai aiki da su wani halitta mai matsayi da kuma wani maitatun aiki. Studio ya dace da kasuwanci wanda ke da labarai don haɓaka hoto. Ya yiwuwa da bayyana hanyoyin da ke kai tsaye, kuma ya fara rubutu matasa, ya hoto wasu yara, da ya kawo talla na harshe don kungiyoyin lokaci kamar kasar Guinness Brewery. Ya hoto kuma tallan hoto na rasuwa da na kyauta ga gwamnati na Najeriya. A shekara ta 1956, Alonge ya hoto ziyarar Queen Elizabeth don ganin Oba Akenzua II a jirgin sama na Benin.[4] Ya kammala bayanin oba na shakin yarinya Princess Alexandra, wanda ta nuna kasar Najeriya tana kasancewar farko a 1960, a ziyarar ta zuwa Benin a shekarar 1963."

## Hoto
"Karɓar hoto na Alonge ta kasance kashi na shekara daya da ta shahara da na neman da na sarakunan Oba Akenzua II (1933–1978) da Oba Erediauwa (1979–2016). Alonge ya hoto harsuna na siyasa da rayuwa da suka dace da hukumar sarautar, kamar yadda na mataki da yara na sarauta, wasu riko da wadanda ke ziyarci da su da kuma 'yan siyasa, da kuma takardun makaranta da kowane shekara da hukumar sarautar. Fiye da hoto ɗaya daga kasar 3,000 na hoto daga Alonge suka ɗauki mana a Majalisa na Smithsonian National Museum of African Art.

Daukar hoto na Alonge ta kasance na harshe da kuma na ɗaukar hoto na yau da kullun. Alonge ya hoto harshe a waje da kuma kamera mai suna da jiki mai dafe da yawa da na zubawa na studio. Ta amfani da masu kira karshe mai kerosin, ya zama tsarin glass plate a dare da rana kuma ya hoto tsarin na glass plate a kan gaslight paper. Ya karɓi albabinsu daga Kodak da Ilford, ya karɓi alfanunsa na chemicals da ya amfani da sama don yin hoto na. A shekara ta 1940, Alonge ya fara neman ci gaba, a shirin ciyaɗe da hoto mai saɓo da ya karɓi alamar hoto na. Lokacin da kowacewa ta kasar da Benin ta shigo shekara ta 1945, ya iya hoto hoto na studio da kuma ci gaba da hoto na a kan harshe. Kowane hoto da Alonge ya hoto da ta kasance da hoto na farko shine hoto na Kodak Brownie; bayanai, ya amfani da kamera mai suna mai da na Rolleiflex da sauran kamerun 35 mm, kuma a daga cikin film mai haɗin gas.
Hoto na Alonge sun zama hoto ga daga masu hoto, ga amfani da su a matsayin bautar da hoto na farko na farko, da kuma ga shi ga abin da yake so don samar da hoto na. Masu hoto su zabi suka samu hanyoyinsu da su sanya su kan hoto a harshe da kuma sun janyo su a kowane irin mataki na launin launi."

## Ƙwarewar zamani
“A lokacin da ta dawo shekara ta 1800, Birtaniya suka karɓi nasarar Birnin Benin, suka dauki al’amuran hoto su. Masu hoto na Birtaniya suka bayyana jama’a da kasa daga matsayin wanda ke cikin hukumar jama’a. Hoto na farko na Benin sun bayyana jama’a da sarautar da suka zagi a cikin jiragen ‘yan uwa, mazan gari da “munaƙi” na hanyoyi. A lokacin da mai hoto na farko mai sarauta na ɗan kasar ya iya, Alonge ya zama dai shi yake kashe hakan. Aikin sa ya taimaka don tabbatar da wata asali da kasuwanci na Masarautar yana da irin halitta yake so ta ba su zama taimaka don aiki ga samfurin tana zamani. Wani hoto kamar yadda ke farko da Oba Akenzua II ya nuna ruwan kasuwancin tsohon shugaban hukumar launin launin Ovonramwen, da aka mayar da a Benin a shekara ta 1938.
Kwarewar hoto na Alonge ta yaye matakai mai amfani don farko hoto na farko mai aikin wani fasahar na daga lissafi da na masu sanarwa na jama’a a zamanin sarautar Birtaniya da kuma aiki mai suna na fadawa da kasar Najeriya a shekara ta 1950 da kuma 1960. Majalisar Sinani na African Art ta nuna hoto na Alonge daga ƙarfe wanda ta gabata, suka bayyana wasu daga cikin hoto da ba su da daidai ba. Nunaicin, wanda ke kawo wasu kuma matsayin kiyaye a faransa na wani abu mai yawa, fadi na aikin hoto na fatawa na yau da kullum. Yawancin mukami gida, matakin, na ɗakin kasar da a shekara ta 1982 Maimaitawa da ɗan takarar Mai tattaunawa mai dauke da karatu da ke gabatar da marubucin littatafan da aka bawa ke da yabon adireshin,

## Manazarta