Maryamu Mai Ƙarfi

Mary Brave Bird, wanda aka fi sani da Mary Brave Woman Olguin da **Mary Crow Dog** (26 ga Satumba, 1954 - 14 ga Fabrairu, 2013 ) marubuciya ce ta Sicangu Lakota kuma mai fafutuka wacce ta kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka a cikin shekarun 1970s kuma ta shiga cikin wasu abubuwan da suka fi sani, gami da Wounded Knee Incident lokacin da take da shekaru 18.

Brave Bird ta zauna tare da 'ya'yanta mafi ƙanƙanta a yankin Rosebud Indian Reservation, Dakota ta Kudu . Littafin tarihinta na 1990 Lakota Woman ya lashe lambar yabo ta littafin Amurka a shekarar 1991, ya zama mafi kyawun littafi na kasa, kuma an daidaita shi azaman fim din da aka yi don talabijin a shekarar 1994.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haife ta **Mary Ellen Moore-Richard** a shekara ta 1954 a yankin Rosebud Indian Reservation, Dakota ta Kudu, ta kasance memba na Sicangu Oyate, wanda aka fi sani da Burnt Thighs Nation ko Brulé Band of Lakota .  Kakanninta ne suka haife ta da farko yayin da mahaifiyarta ke karatu a makarantar jinya kuma tana aiki.

Brave Bird ta sami rinjaye daga dangi da yawa waɗanda suka bi al'adun gargajiya, gami da kakanta Dick Fool Bull, wanda ya gabatar da ita ga Cocin 'yan asalin Amurka. A cikin shekarun 1960, Brave Bird ta halarci makarantar Indiya ta St. Francis, a St. Francis، Dakota ta Kudu, makarantar kwana ta Roman Katolika. Yayinda take halarta, ta wallafa wata jarida da ke bayyana yanayin yadda makarantar ta wulakanta dalibai kuma ta kwace su daga al'adunsu. A matsayin horo, malamai sun doke Brave Bird.

## Ayyuka
A cikin 1971 Brave Bird ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar jawabin Leonard Crow Dog kuma yana da shekaru 18 ya shiga Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka (AIM).  Ta shiga cikin irin waɗannan abubuwan tarihi kamar 1972 Trail of Broken Treaties da kuma zama a hedkwatar BIA a Washington, DC. Ta kuma kasance wani ɓangare na 1973 Occupation of Wounded Knee . 

## Aure da iyali
Brave Bird ta auri jagoran ruhaniya na AIM Leonard Crow Dog . Daga baya ma'auratan suka sake aure. 

A shekara ta 1991, ta auri Rudy Olguin . Sun haifi 'yar Summer Olguin a wannan shekarar. Daga baya sun haifi ɗa na biyu, Rudy Olguin .  Tana da 'ya'ya shida gabaɗaya. Ta kasance kakarta kuma ta kasance mai aiki a cikin Cocin 'yan asalin Amurka.

## Ayyukan rubuce-rubuce
Brave Bird ita ce marubucin tarihin biyu, Lakota Woman (1990) da Ohitika Woman (1993), da kuma ɗan gajeren jarida lokacin da take makarantar kwana. Richard Erdoes, aboki na dogon lokaci, ya taimaka wajen gyara littattafan. An buga Lakota Woman a ƙarƙashin sunan Mary Crow Dog kuma ta lashe lambar yabo ta littafin Amurka ta 1991. Ya bayyana rayuwarta har zuwa shekara ta 1977. **'Mace Ohitika**' ta ci gaba da labarin rayuwarta.

Littattafanta sun bayyana yanayin Indiyawan Lakota da kwarewarta da ke girma a yankin Indiyawan Rosebud a Dakota ta Kudu, yanayin da ke kusa da Pine Ridge Indian Reservation a karkashin jagorancin shugaban kabilanci Richard Wilson, da kuma yadda rayuwa a matsayin 'yar asalin ta kasance a cikin Rapid City. Ta kuma rufe fannoni game da rawar da FBI, Ofishin Harkokin Indiya na Amurka da kuma kula da 'yan asalin Amurka da' ya'yansu a tsakiyar shekarun 1900. Ayyukanta suna mai da hankali kan jigogi na jinsi, ainihi, da kabilanci.

Crow Dog da Brave Bird sun fito ne a fim din Oliver Stone na 1991 The Doors . 

## Fim din
An daidaita tarihin Brave Bird a matsayin fim din 1994 Lakota Woman: Siege at Wounded Knee, wanda TNT da Jane Fonda suka samar. Fim din ya fito da Irene Bedard a matsayin Mary Brave Bird . Fim din ya nuna abubuwan da suka faru a lokacin tashin hankali na 1973 na kungiyar AIM (American Indian Movement) da kuma tsayawarsu a Wounded Knee . Brave Bird yana da bayyanar cameo a cikin fim din.

## Ayyukan da aka buga

* Brave Bird, Mary, tare da Richard Erdoes. *Matar Ohitika.* New York: Grove Press, 1993.  ; LCCN 92-46169
* Crow Dog, Mary, tare da Richard Erdoes. *Mace Lakota.* New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1990. ISBN&nbsp; ;  (ebook)

## Manazarta