open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Cecil Madigan

**Cecil Thomas Madigan** (15 ga Oktoba 1889 - 14 ga Janairu 1947) masanin ilimin ƙasa ne na Australiya, mai bincike, masanin kimiyya, mai binciken jirgin sama, masanin yanayi, marubuci, kuma jami'in soja. 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Cecil Thomas Madigan a Renmark, Kudancin Ostiraliya, ga dan kwangila da mai shuka 'ya'yan itace Thomas Madigan da Mary Dixie (née Finey) malami. Cecil ita ce babba a cikin 'ya'ya maza biyu da mata biyu. Mahaifiyarsa ce ta haife shi, saboda mahaifinsa ya mutu a Kalgoorlie, Yammacin Australia Goldfields. 

Ya halarci Kwalejin Prince Alfred a Adelaide, sannan kuma Jami'ar Adelaide. Ya kammala karatu tare da BSc a aikin injiniya na hakar ma'adinai.

Madigan ya sami Rhodes Scholarship a 1911 don nazarin ilimin ƙasa a Oxford" id="mwJg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Magdalen College, Oxford">Kwalejin Magdalen, Oxford, amma ya jinkirta nadin yayin da Sir Douglas Mawson ya gayyace shi ya tafi a matsayin masanin yanayi a kan Australasian Antarctic Expedition.

Bayan ya yi aiki a yakin duniya na, ya koma Kwalejin Magdalen, inda ya sami B.A. a 1919, MA a 1922, kuma daga baya, D.Sc. a cikin 1933. Ya lashe lambar yabo ta farko a fannin ilimin ƙasa kuma ya lashe blues a cikin jirgin ruwa da dambe.

## Ayyuka

### Tafiyar Australasia ta Antarctic
A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1911 jam'iyyar ta bar Hobart a cikin jirgin SY Aurora . A watan Janairun 1912 sun isa Commonwealth Bay a Adélie Land, Antarctica, inda suka kafa tarin gine-gine da aka sani da Mawson's Huts. Daga can ya jagoranci balaguro da yawa zuwa yankunan da ba a sani ba na Adélie Land da George V Land. Wadannan tafiye-tafiye sun tattara muhimman bayanai game da kasancewar kwal a Antarctica.

### WWI
Madigan daga baya ya yi aiki tare da Royal Engineers a Faransa a lokacin yakin duniya na farko. Ya ga aiki a Yaƙin Loos inda ya ji rauni, da kuma Yaƙin Somme .

### Ayyukan ilimin ƙasa a Ostiraliya
Bayan ya dawo Ostiraliya, an nada Madigan a matsayin malami a fannin ilimin ƙasa a Jami'ar Adelaide a 1922, mukamin da ya rike har zuwa mutuwarsa, kuma ya ci gaba da abokantaka da Mawson, [1] wanda aka nada shi farfesa a fannin ilmin ƙasa bayan ritaya na Walter Howchin a 1920. Mawson da Madigan, tare da ɗaliban su a jami'ar, sun yi muhimman ƙari ga ilimin ƙasa, musamman fahimtar Cambrian. A cikin shekarun 1920, Madigan ya gudanar da bincike mai zurfi da taswirar Cambrian a kan Yankin Fleurieu, kuma ya tabbatar da cewa an karkatar da wannan ɓangaren bakin teku. Reg Sprigg daga baya ya ba Madigan takamaiman yabo ga aikinsa na farko a kan Cambrian.[2]

A cikin shekarun 1930, Madigan ya shiga cikin binciken sama da yawa na "yanki marasa hanya" na Tsakiyar Ostiraliya, a lokacin da ya ba da sunan Simpson Desert bayan Alfred Allen Simpson, shugaban reshen Kudancin Australia na Royal Geographical Society of Australasia.  

A shekara ta 1937 ya tabbatar da cewa crater na Boxhole wani crater ne na tasirin meteoric. A shekara ta 1939 ya jagoranci babban balaguro na farko a fadin Simpson Desert . Kodayake ba shi ne na farko da ya haye hamada ba, ya zama sananne a matsayin na karshe na masu binciken "na gargajiya" na tsakiyar Ostiraliya.

## Iyali

## Manazarta
Ed Lower

**Edward Lower** (an haife shi a ranar 23 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1987) tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na Australiya a 

gasar kwallon kafa ta Australiya, na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Arewacin Melbourne. Ya kasance mai takara a kan Big Brother Australia a shekarar 2013.

Lower dan wasan tsaron gida ne, wanda aka dauka a matsayin matsakaici, wanda ya kai hari kan kwallon da sauri da saurin aiki. Ya taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida, ya rufe masu tsaron gida mafi kyau, a matsayin karamin mai tsaron baya kuma an yi amfani da shi azaman mai tsere tare da dan wasa ta tsakiyar filin. Ya buga wa kungiyar SANFL Norwood wasa a shekara ta 2005. An zaba shi a zagaye na farko na shekarar 2005 NAB AFL Rookie Draft a karɓar lamba 10 gabaɗaya ta Kangaroos.

Lower ya halarci Kwalejin Saint Ignatius, Adelaide kafin ya koma Kwalejin Prince Alfred tare da ɗan'uwan tagwaye Nicholas, wanda ya gama aikinsa na AFL tare da Western Bulldogs. Ya kasance mai takara a Big Brother Australia 2013.

## Haɗin waje

* Ed Lower's profilea shafin yanar gizon kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Arewacin Melbourne
* Ed Lower's playing statisticsdaga Tables na AFL
* http://www.bigbrother.com.au/housemates/ed/
Kane McAuliffe

**Kane McAuliffe** (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2005) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Australiya wanda ke buga wa kungiyar ƙwallon ƙwallon kafa ta Richmond a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Australiya (AFL). Richmond ne ya tsara shi a cikin shirin kasa na 2023 a karɓar 40 kuma ya fara AFL a zagaye na 4 na kakar 2024.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ƙwallon ƙafa
McAuliffe ta girma ne a yankin Kudancin Australia na Port Augusta, kilomita 280 a arewacin Adelaide. Ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙarami a kungiyar ƙwallon ƙwallonallon ƙafa ta Central Augusta a cikin Spencer Gulf Football League. Baya ga nasarorin da ya samu a kwallon kafa, McAuliffe ya kasance dan wasan kwando mai basira, an zaba shi don wakiltar Kudancin Australia a karkashin shekaru 16 a gasar cin kofin kwallon kwando ta Junior ta Australia ta 2020.

A lokacin da yake da shekaru 14, McAuliffe ya fara shiga Kwalejin Prince Alfred a Adelaide .  Ya lashe lambar yabo mafi kyau da mafi kyau a gasar Wasanni ta Makarantun Adelaide a matsayin dalibi na shekara 11 a 2021 yayin da yake wasa kwallon kafa tare da makarantar, duk da cewa yana da shekara guda ya fi yawancin abokan aikinsa da abokan adawarsa. A lokaci guda, McAuliffe ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na wakilci tare da ƙungiyar 'yan kasa da shekaru 16 a Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Arewacin Adelaide inda ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin kyaftin din tawagar.

A shekara ta 2022, an nada McAuliffe a matsayin kyaftin din tawagar makarantarsa, inda ya jagoranci kungiyar zuwa cin nasara a wasan karshe na wannan kakar. Ya taka leda tare da kungiyar 'yan kasa da shekaru 18 ta Arewacin Adelaide a wannan shekarar, ciki har da wasan karshe na league.

A cikin 2023 McAuliffe ya shiga shirin ci gaban Kwalejin AFL, ta hanyar da ya horar da kungiyar AFL ta Adelaide har zuwa watan Janairun wannan shekarar.[undefined] Daga baya ya buga wasanni biyu tare da kungiyar Kwalejin, a kan bangarorin ajiya na Carlton da Port Adelaide.[2][3][1] Ya burge a matakin kasa da 18 ga Arewacin Adelaide a wannan shekarar, yana da matsakaicin 27 a kowane wasa a matakin, kafin ya sami zaɓi zuwa ƙungiyar SANFL ta kulob din a ƙarshen shekara, inda ya sami matsakaicin 19 da 6.6 tackles a kowane wasa.[2] A lokacin kakar, an hana shi ta hanyar raunin da ya faru a baya.[4]

An zaɓi McAuliffe don wakiltar jiharsa a gasar zakarun kasa ta kasa da shekaru 18 ta 2023, yana wasa a dukkan wasannin hudu kuma yana da matsakaicin 18 disposals, tebur takwas da hudu a kowane wasa.

## Manazarta
Scott McPhee

**Scott Matthew McPhee**, OAM (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1992) ɗan wasan keke ne na Australiya, wanda ya tuka Kieran Modra a cikin keken keke. Ya lashe lambar zinare tare da Modra a Wasannin Paralympics na London na 2012.

## Na Mutum
An haifi McPhee a Adelaide a ranar 2 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1992.  Ya zuwa 2012, yana zaune a yankin Adelaide na Wayville inda yake dalibi a Jami'ar Adelaide yana aiki a kan digiri na farko na shari'a. Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta West Lakes Shore kuma ya kammala makarantar sakandare a Kwalejin Prince Alfred.

## Gudun keke
In 2010, McPhee competed in the Rendition Homes Teams Series as a member of the South Australian Institute of Sport team.[1] He won the Green Sprinters Jersey in the same event in 2011 riding for Team Bike Station Watermark and again in 2013 riding for Team Mcniell Logistics. [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed]

McPhee ya yi aiki a matsayin matukin jirgi mai gani ga mai tsere mai suna Kieran Modra a cikin tseren tandem. A Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Paracycling Track ta 2011 a Montichiari Italiya ma'aurata sun lashe tseren kilomita 4 a lokacin rikodin duniya. A cikin shekara ma'aurata sun sami sakamako da yawa a Turai a kan hanya da hanya ciki har da tagulla a Segovia, Spain World Cup road trial. Ya kuma yi tuƙi ga Modra a 2011 UCI Para-cycling Road World Championships  a Copenhagen duk da haka a matsayin waɗanda aka fi so don gwajin lokaci na hanya ma'aurata sun dawo gida da wuri lokacin da Kieran ya sha wahala a cikin hadarin horo kafin taron.&nbsp;

## Manazarta
John McKinna

Brigadier **John Gilbert McKinna** CMG, CBE, DSO, LVO, ED (11 Disamba 1906 - 28 Janairun shekarar 2000) ya kasance babban jami'in Sojojin Australiya a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu . Ya kuma kasance Kwamishinan ƴan sanda na Kudancin Australia tsakanin Yulin shekarar 1957 da Yuni 1972.

## Manazarta
Canjin fasaha na Hicks-neutral

Canjin fasaha na Hicks-neutral shine canji a cikin aikin samarwa na kasuwanci ko masana'antu wanda ya gamsar da wasu yanayin tsaka-tsaki na tattalin arziki. John Hicks ne ya fara gabatar da manufar tsaka-tsaki na Hicks a cikin littafinsa The Theory of Wages . [1] Ana ɗaukar canji a matsayin Hicks tsaka-tsaki idan canjin bai shafi ma'auni na aiki da babban birnin a cikin aikin samarwa da kayayyaki ba. Fiye da haka, an ba da aikin samar da samfurin Solow￼

: Y = A F (K , L)      {\displaystyle Y=AF (K,L) \,}    ,

canjin Hicks-neutral shine wanda kawai yake canzawa A {\displaystyle A} .[1]￼

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin ayyukan samarwa

## Manazarta
Makomar Aiki da Mutuwa

The Future of Work and Death wani shirin fim ne na 2016 wanda Sean Blacknell da Wayne Walsh suka shirya game da ci gaban fasaha.

Fim din ya nuna a bukukuwan fina-finai da yawa ciki har da Raindance Film Festival, International Film Festival Rotterdam, Academia Film Olomouc da CPH:DOX .  

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2017 an gabatar da shi a hukumance a Hukumar Tarayyar Turai. An rarraba shi ta hanyar First Run Features da Journeyman Pictures kuma an sake shi a kan iTunes, Amazon Prime da On-demand a ranar 9 ga Mayu 2017. An samar da fim din a kan Sundance Now a ranar 27 ga Nuwamba 2017.  Wani aboki na fim din, The Cost of Living, wani shirin da ya shafi kudin shiga na duniya a Burtaniya, an sake shi a kan Amazon Prime a ranar 8 ga Oktoba 2020.  

## Bayani game da shi
Masana duniya a fannonin ilimin gaba, ilimin ɗan adam, kimiyyar jijiyoyi, da falsafar suna la'akari da tasirin ci gaban fasaha a kan 'gaskiya' biyu na rayuwar ɗan adam; aiki da mutuwa. Taswirar ci gaban ɗan adam daga Homo habilis, bayan juyin juya halin masana'antu, zuwa zamanin dijital da bayan haka, fim ɗin yana kallon yawan abubuwan da suka faru wanda ɗan adam ya sami nasarar ƙirƙirar fasahohi don sauƙaƙa tsarin rayuwa.￼

Yayin da muke fara mataki na gaba na daidaitawarmu, tare da sarrafa kansa da hankali na wucin gadi wanda ke nuna cikakken motsi daga mutum zuwa na'ura, fim din ya tambayi abin da ke tattare da cikawar ɗan adam a cikin zamanin da ke gabatowa na aikin da kuma tsananin rayuwa.

## Masu ba da labari

* Dudley Sutton - Mai ba da labari
* Aubrey de Grey - Masanin ilimin kimiyyar tsofaffi da CSO na Gidauniyar Bincike ta SENS
* Will Self - Marubuci, ɗan jarida, mai sharhi na siyasa kuma Farfesa na Tunanin Zamani a Jami'ar Brunel
* Rudolph E. Tanzi - Farfesa na Neurology a Jami'ar Harvard kuma Darakta na Sashin Bincike na Jiki da Tsuga a Babban Asibitin Massachusetts (MGH) 
* Martin Ford - Mai ba da labari da kuma marubuci
* Steve Fuller - Shugaban Auguste Comte a cikin Social Epistemology a Sashen ilimin zamantakewa a Jami'ar Warwick
* Murray Shanahan - Farfesa na Cognitive Robotics a Kwalejin Imperial ta London
* Gray Scott - Futurist, babban furodusa na wannan samarwa
* Vivek Wadhwa - Dan kasuwa, masanin kimiyya kuma Darakta na Bincike a Cibiyar Kasuwanci da Bincike Kasuwanci a Makarantar Injiniya ta Pratt, Jami'ar Duke
* Zoltan Istvan - Mai ba da labari da ɗan jarida
* Joanna Cook - Masanin ilimin ɗan adam, Kwalejin Jami'ar London
* Nicholas Kamara - Likita, Asibitin Kable
* David Pearce - Masanin falsafa na Transhumanist kuma wanda ya kafa Humanity+Dan Adam+
* Peter Cochrane - Mai ba da labari da kuma ɗan kasuwa
* John Harris - Masanin ilimin halittu, masanin falsafa kuma Darakta na Cibiyar Kimiyya, Da'a da Innovation a Jami'ar Manchester
* Riva Melissa-Tez - Dan kasuwa kuma mai cin zarafin mutanemai sauyawa
* Ian Pearson - Masanin Futurologist
* Stuart Armstrong - Mai bincike na fasaha na wucin gadi a Cibiyar Nazarin Dan Adam ta Makomar

## Manazarta
Alex Melrose

**Alexander Melrose** (16 ga Mayu 1865 - 2 ga Satumba 1944) lauya ne na Kudancin Australia wanda aka sani da goyon bayansa ga zane-zane.

## Tarihi
Alexander dan makiyayi ne George Melrose (1806-1894) da matarsa Euphemia née Thomson (c. 1829-1887), wanda ya isa Kudancin Australia daga Scotland a *Palmyra* a 1839, wanda ya kafa dukiyar "Rosebank" a Dutsen Pleasant.

An haifi Alex a Ostiraliya kuma ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Prince Alfred, kuma ya yi karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Adelaide. An shigar da shi a matsayin lauya da lauya a 1886, kuma ya yi aikinsa a matsayin abokin tarayya tare da Robert Homburg sannan dansa Hermann Homburg a matsayin Homburg & Melrose, Adelaide. har zuwa jim kadan kafin mutuwarsa.

Ya kasance marubuci mai basira, yana ba da gudummawa da yawa ga The Bulletin. Ya rubuta wasannin kwaikwayo da yawa, waɗanda gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Repertory ya samar, kuma a cikin 1934 ya buga Song da Slapstick,  tarin ayoyi. Ya kafa kyautar Melrose don adabi. An samar da wasan kwaikwayonsa na 1917 The Adventures of an Adventuress  a Adelaide kuma an farfado da shi a Melbourne bayan 'yan shekaru.

Ya kasance masanin fasaha mai kyau kuma memba na Kwamitin Litattafan, wanda ke gudanar da Gidan Fasaha. A cikin 1928 kwamitin ya ba shi izini don tafiya zuwa Burtaniya kuma ya sayi zane-zane uku don cika gibin da ke cikin tarin gallery. A shekara ta 1934 ya ba da £ 10,000 don tsawaitawa ga Art Gallery na Kudancin Australia,[1] kuma ya ba da Kyautar Melrose don hoto, wanda Kungiyar Fasaha ta Kudancin Australia ke gudanarwa. Ya ba da kyautar tarin kansa mai daraja ga Gallery.

Ya kasance memba na Hukumar Botanic Garden, ya kasance shugaban Royal Institution for the Blind daga 1930 kuma mataimakin shugaban kungiyar Pioneers daga 1937.

## Manazarta
Tsarin tallace-tallace na Gartner

## Tarihi

An gabatar da tsarin sake zagayowar hype a cikin 1995 ta hanyar mai sharhi na Gartner Jackie Fenn, wanda ya shiga kamfanin a shekarar da ta gabata.[1] A cikin rahotonta na bincike, Fenn ta gano alamu na yau da kullun da suka shafi balaga na fasahar da ke tasowa.[2] Fenn ya kuma yi magana game da wannan ci gaba da aka saba da shi a matsayin "tsarin hype" kuma ya kirkiro jadawalin da ke nuna tasoshinsa da sauka tare da kowane mataki na musamman da aka ba shi taken, farawa da fasahar fasahar fasaha kuma ta ƙare da Plateau na yawan aiki.[3] An haɗa ginshiƙi a cikin rahoton bincike guda ɗaya, amma ya shahara tare da sauran masu sharhi da abokan ciniki na Gartner kuma nan da nan aka haɓaka "Hype Cycle of Emerging Technologies" a cikin rahoton shekara-shekara.[2]￼

## Matakai biyar

Kowane sake zagayowar hype ya ƙunshi matakai biyar na rayuwar fasaha.

Kalmar "hype cycle" da kowane mataki mai alaƙa yanzu ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin tallan sabbin fasahohi.

## Hype a cikin sabbin kafofin watsa labarai
Hype (in the more general media sense of the term "hype") has played a large part in the adoption of new media. Analyses of the Internet in the 1990s featured large amounts of hype, and that created "debunking" responses. A longer-term historical perspective on such cycles can be found in the research of the economist Carlota Perez. Desmond Roger Laurence, in the field of clinical pharmacology, described a similar process in drug development in the seventies.&#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Tattaunawar samfurin

## Dubi kuma

* AI winter - Lokacin rage kudade da sha'awar binciken AI
* Dunning–Kruger effect - Ra'ayi game da ƙwarewar mutum
* Kondratiev wave - Abubuwan da aka yi la'akari da su a cikin tattalin arzikin duniya na zamani
* Product lifecycle - Tsawon aiki na samfurori
* Roy Amara - Mai bincike na Amurka, masanin kimiyya
* Stock market bubble - Tattalin Arziki a kasuwar jari
* Transient response - Amsawar tsarin zuwa canji daga yanayin daidaitawa
* Tulip mania - Tattalin arzikin karni na 17 a cikin Netherlands
* Uncanny valley - Tunanin cewa samfurori na ɗan adam suna haifar da ƙyama

## Manazarta
Mai karɓar farko

**mai karɓar farko** ko **abokin ciniki na hasken wuta** shine abokin ciniki na farko na kamfani, samfurin, ko fasaha. Kalmar ta samo asali ne daga Everett M. Rogers' Diffusion of Innovations (1962). 

## Tarihi

Dangantakar tana da hadin kai. Abokin ciniki yana karɓar wuri (kuma wani lokacin na musamman, ko aƙalla na musamman da wuri) damar samun sabon samfurin ko fasaha mai fa'ida. A sakamakon haka, abokin ciniki na iya aiki a matsayin wani nau'in alade. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

Don musayar kasancewa mai karɓar wuri, kuma ta haka ne a fallasa shi ga matsalolin, haɗari, da ƙiyayya da aka saba da gwajin samfurin farko da turawa, wani lokacin ana ba da "abokin ciniki na hasken wuta" musamman taimako da tallafi na mai siyarwa mai hankali, har ma da ma'aikata a wurin aikin abokin ciniki don taimakawa da aiwatarwa. Wani lokaci ana ba abokin ciniki farashi mai kyau, sharuɗɗa, da yanayi, kodayake sabon fasaha sau da yawa yana da tsada sosai, don haka mai karɓar farko har yanzu yana biyan kuɗi mai yawa. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

Mai siyarwa, a gefe guda, yana amfana daga karɓar kudaden shiga na farko, da kuma daga amincewar abokin ciniki da taimako don ci gaba da haɓaka samfurin da hanyoyin zuwa kasuwa. Samun abokan ciniki na hasken wuta mataki ne na yau da kullun a cikin ci gaban sabon samfurin da aiwatarwa. Gaskiyar duniya da aka mayar da hankali cewa irin wannan dangantakar zata iya kawowa ga mai siyarwa na iya zama mai matukar daraja. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed]￼

Samun tallafi na farko ya zo tare da tarkon: sassan farko na samfuran na iya zama buggy da / ko saurin aiki. Bugu da ƙari, mafi inganci, kuma wani lokacin ba shi da tsada, nau'ikan samfurin yawanci suna bayyana 'yan watanni bayan fitowar farko (Apple iPhone). Halin sabon fasahar da ke tsada sosai a lokacin da aka saki ana kiranta "tallafin mai karɓar farko". 

## Dubi kuma

* Beta test - Matakai a ci gaba da tallafawa software na kwamfutaShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi
* Eating your own dog food - Kalmar ga ƙungiyar ta amfani da samfurin ta
* Focus group - Kungiyar da aka yi hira da ita don nazarin ra'ayoyi
* Participatory design - Kasancewa da hannu na duk masu ruwa da tsaki a cikin tsarin ƙira
* Technology adoption lifecycle - Tsarin zamantakewaShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi

## Manazarta
Ci gaban fasaha daban-daban

**Ci gaban fasaha daban-daban** wata dabara ce ta shugabancin fasaha da nufin rage haɗari daga fasahar da ke tasowa ta hanyar rinjayar jerin abubuwan da aka haɓaka su. Yin amfani da wannan dabarar, al'ummomi za su yi ƙoƙari su jinkirta ci gaban fasahar cutarwa da aikace-aikacen su yayin da suke hanzarta ci gaban fasahohi masu fa'ida, musamman waɗanda ke ba da kariya daga fasahar cutar.

## Tarihin ra'ayin
Masanin falsafa Nick Bostrom ne ya fara gabatar da ci gaban fasaha daban-daban a cikin 2002 [1] kuma ya yi amfani da ra'ayin ga shugabancin hankali na wucin gadi a cikin littafinsa na 2014 Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies . [2] Har ila yau, masanin falsafa Toby Ord ya amince da dabarun a cikin littafinsa na 2020 The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity, wanda ya rubuta cewa "Yayin da zai iya zama da wahala a hana ci gaban fasahar haɗari, zamu iya rage haɗarin rayuwa ta hanyar hanzarta ci gaban fasahohin kariya dangane da masu haɗari".[3][4]￼

## Tattaunawar da ba ta dace ba
Paul Christiano ya yi imanin cewa yayin da hanzarta ci gaban fasaha ya zama daya daga cikin hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa don inganta jin daɗin ɗan adam a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, saurin ci gaba ba zai iya zama daidai da mahimmanci ga nan gaba ba saboda ci gaba dole ne ya cika saboda iyakokin jiki. Saboda haka, daga hangen nesa na nan gaba, ci gaban fasaha na bambanci ya fi mahimmanci.

Da aka yi wahayi zuwa gare su ta hanyar shawarar Bostrom, Luke Muehlhauser da Anna Salamon sun ba da shawarar wani aikin gaba ɗaya na "ci gaban ilimi daban-daban", wanda al'umma ke inganta hikimar ta, ƙwarewar falsafa, da fahimtar haɗari da sauri fiye da ƙarfin fasaha. Brian Tomasik ya fadada kan wannan ra'ayi.

## Dubi kuma

* Hadarin rayuwa

## Manazarta
Lilian Staple Mead

**Lilian Staple Mead** (30 Yuni 1865 - 27 Nuwamba 1936) ta kasance 'yar Australiya ce kuma marubuciyar littafin yara. Ita ce kawai daliba mace da ta taba karatu a Kwalejin Prince Alfred ta Adelaide.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Lilian Staple Mead a ranar 30 ga Yuni 1865, ɗan fari na ministan Baptist Silas Mead da Ann (née Staple).  Mahaifiyarta ta mutu lokacin da take da shekaru tara. Tun tana 'yar shekara 13, ta halarci Makarantar Ci gaba ta Mata tare da 'yar'uwarta Gertrude, ta kammala karatun a cikin wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi a Jami'ar Adelaide a 1882,  kafin ta koma Kwalejin Prince Alfred a 1883-1884 don kammala karatunta, inda ita ce kawai dalibar mace a lokacin da kuma tun daga lokacin.  Ta fara karatun digiri na farko a Jami'ar Adelaide,  amma ta janye bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarta a 1886 don kula da mahaifinta.

## Ayyuka
Mead ta kasance mai sanya hannu a kan takardar neman izinin mata a cikin 1894, wanda UNESCO Memory of the World Programme ta amince da shi a matsayin dukiyar ajiya.[1] A shekara ta 1895, Mead ya ba da adireshin taken "The Awakened Woman" a taron Kudancin Australia na Kudancin Kudancin Turai na Kudanci wanda ke kira ga daidaitattun damar ilimi. Ta ce,'Me ya sa', mace da ta farka ta ce, 'idan mutumin da ya cika da hankali ba namiji ba ne, mace ce mai ƙwarewa ba mace ba? Elizabeth Barrett Browning da Mary Somerville sun amsa tambayar. Dukansu mata masu ilimi, duka mata masu kyau da uwaye, dukansu suna da matsayi na musamman da na jama'a, sun kasance da karfi da kuma ba za a iya musanta mata ba. Matar da ta farke ... da kyau ta yi tunanin cewa idan ma mahaifiyar ba kawai don ba ta wanzu ba don ba kawai don cin gajiyar wani riba ba, mace ba, ba, ba ce.Mead ta kasance jagora tare da mahaifinta a cikin Christian Endeavour kuma a cikin 1897 ta ba da jawabi a taron kasa da kasa na al'umma a California  da ake kira "The World's Prayer Chain" inda ta yi kira ga addu'o'i don, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, faduwar kabilanci a Indiya da kuma kawar da ɗaure ƙafa a China.

Mead ta rubuta littattafan almara na yara guda biyu, A Brother's Need  da Patsie's Bricks, wanda wani mai bita ya kira shi "mafi girma ga littattafan yara gaba ɗaya". Littafinta na uku, Daring and Doing, tarin gajerun labaru ne na jaruntaka, wanda ya dogara da labarun gaskiya kuma "an yi niyyar karfafa matasa masu karatu ga irin waɗannan ayyukan sadaukarwar kai".  Har ila yau, tana da gajerun labarai da aka buga a cikin The *Quiver*, mujallar Kirista.

## Manazarta
Howard Michell

**George Howard Michell** AC (3 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1913 - 26 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2012) ɗan kasuwar ulu ne na Australiya, masanin masana'antu kuma mai ba da agaji.

Ya kasance darektan kamfanin iyali, GH Michell and Sons, na tsawon shekaru 60, kuma ya taimaka wajen tasowa ya zama kamfanin sarrafa ulu mafi girma a duniya.

An haife shi a Adelaide, Kudancin Australia, Michell ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Prince Alfred.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Michell a Adelaide a ranar 3 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1913 ga George Howard Michell da Annie Jane Walters

Michell ya kasance mai wasan motsa jiki a duk rayuwarsa. Ya kasance mai tuƙi a makarantar Farko takwas, kuma daga baya Old Boy's Eight. A cikin 1935 ya shiga Adelaide Aero Club

A ranar 3 ga Disamba 1938 Michell ta auri Christine Valerie Tipping a Cocin St. Andrew, Walkerville. 

### Bala'in Dutsen Bogong
A watan Agustan shekara ta 1936, yana da shekaru 23, Michell ya tashi a kan wani balaguron kankara zuwa Dutsen Bogong, Victoria tare da ƙwararrun 'yan kankara guda biyu, Cleve Cole da Mick Hull.[1] Bayan sun bar Hotham Heights a ranar 5 ga watan Agusta, sun tashi a Filin Bogong High Plains dauke da kayayyaki na kwanaki da yawa. Sun yi niyyar isa taron kolin Dutsen Bogong sannan su ci gaba a gefen da ke kusa da Staircase Hut, inda suka adana kayan aiki don tafiyar dawowa a lokacin bazara.[2][3] A ranar 6 ga watan Agusta, guguwa mafi muni a cikin shekaru da yawa sun shawo kansu. Mutanen sun haƙa wani kogo na dusar ƙanƙara kuma sun jira kwanaki huɗu don guguwar ta ƙare. A ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, tare da abinci da ya riga ya ragu, sun yanke shawarar yin hutu don Staircase Hut, amma sun rasa hanyarsu a cikin yanayin fararen fata. Ba su iya komawa matakan su ba, sabili da haka sun yi yawo na kwana biyar ba tare da abinci ba, suna sauka a gefen da ba daidai ba na Dutsen Bogong a cikin hazo. A ranar 14 ga watan, mutanen sun isa kwarin Big River kuma sun nemi mafaka a cikin wani rami, amma sun raunana sosai daga gajiya, yunwa da fallasawa. Cole bai iya ci gaba ba, kuma an yanke shawarar cewa Hull ya kasance tare da shi yayin da Michell ya tashi neman taimako.

Da daddare a ranar 16 ga watan Agusta Michell ya isa wurin zama a Glen Valley kuma ya tada ƙararrawa. Kungiyoyin bincike da suka kai mutane tamanin sun tashi washegari. Michell, yana fama da sanyi a hannunsa da ƙafafunsa, an kai shi asibitin Omeo ta mota. Dole ne a yanke dukkan yatsunsa.

Wata ƙungiya ta masu bincike bakwai sun sami Hull da Cole a farkon ranar 18. Yin amfani da shimfidar shimfidar wuri, an kawo su zuwa Glen Valley. Hull ya fara murmurewa amma ba a da bege ga Cole, wanda yake da hauka da sanyi sosai. Cole ya mutu da daddare a ranar 19.

A shekara mai zuwa, Royal Humane Society of Australasia ta ba Michell da Hull lambar azurfa don jaruntaka. Wannan wahalar ta haifar da kafa layin dusar ƙanƙara da jerin Gidajen mafaka a kan Bogong don ba da mafaka ga masu tseren kankara na gaba; waɗannan sun haɗa da Cleve Cole Hut (wanda aka gina a 1937) da Michell Hut (1967). An ƙone Michell Hut a cikin gobarar daji ta 2003, kuma an gina wani maye gurbin a shekara ta 2005.

## Manazarta
Robert Thomson Melrose

**Robert Thomson Melrose** (22 Afrilu 1862 - 26 Afrilu 1945) ya kasance makiyayi kuma ɗan siyasa a Kudancin Australia.

## Tarihi
Iyayen Melrose George Melrose (22 Disamba 1806 - 8 Afrilu 1894) da Euphemia, née Thomson, (ya mutu 1887) sun bar Balerno, Scotland, a kan *Palmyra*, sun isa 1839. George ya kafa aikin tumaki a Macclesfield tare da (daga baya Sir) Walter W. Hughes, daga baya ya zauna a Mount Pleasant. 

Robert ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Prince Alfred, sannan ya zauna a kan dukiyar iyali "Rosebank", na kadada 5,800 (2,300  a Dutsen Pleasant, inda ya kasance mai cin nasara sosai na shanu na Aberdeen Angus da Tumakin Merino, kuma ya shiga cikin dasa bishiyoyi masu yawa.

Ya kasance darektan Elder, Smith & Co., Ltd., kuma daga 1917 har zuwa mutuwarsa ya kasance memba na dogon lokaci na Stockowners' Association da Agricultural and Horticultural Society da shugabanta 1919-1920.[1]

Ya kasance shugaban Kamfen na Anti-Cancer a Jami'ar Adelaide kuma a kan kwamitin Adelaide Botanic Garden. 

Ya kasance mai ƙwarewa a wasan golf.

## Siyasa
Melrose ya kasance memba na Majalisar Dokoki daga 1921 zuwa 1927. 

## Iyali
Robert T. Melrose memba ne na ƙarni na biyu na babban dangin Kudancin Australia wanda George Melrose ya kafa.

Ya yi aure, ya bar gwauruwa, Gwendoline Grace Melrose (1908-1991). Ba su da yara.

## Manazarta
Rudolph Bronner

**Rudolph "Rudi" Bronner** (27 Satumba 1890 - 17 Janairu 1960) ya kasance babban jami'in Australiya, mai kula da tattaunawa na kasa don Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Australiya (daga baya Kamfanin).

## Tarihi
Bronner shi ne ɗan na biyu na Carl ko Charles Bronner (- 26 Fabrairu 1944) da matarsa ta farko Marian ko Marion "Marie" Bronner née Schmidhauser (ya mutu 10 Afrilu 1903). 

An haifi Bronner a Lyndoch kuma ya yi karatu a Kwalejin St Peter da Jami'ar Adelaide, inda ya kammala BA a 1912, sannan Kwalejin Balliol, Oxford, inda ya karanta Falsafa da Kimiyya ta Jama'a, kuma ya yi abota da Aldous Huxley . Yayinda yake Ingila ya auri Pauline Berkeley Bartels, kuma daga Adelaide. Ya shiga cikin London Rifle Brigade a ranar 26 ga Afrilu 1917 kuma ya yi aiki a Turai, inda ya ji rauni amma ya iya kasancewa tare da ƙungiyarsa har sai an dakatar da tashin hankali.

A lokacin da ya dawo Adelaide ya ba da lacca ga Kungiyar Ilimi ta Ma'aikata sannan a 1921 aka nada shi mataimakin darektan darussan koyarwa, Jami'ar Melbourne . A shekara ta 1928 ya koma Jamus, inda a Jami'ar Freiburg ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin Farfesa Heussel  kuma ya ba da lacca a matsayin Mai karatu a Turanci,  kuma ya ci gaba da ƙaunar yaren Jamusanci da wallafe-wallafensa.

Bronner ya koma Adelaide a 1934,  kuma a watan Satumbar 1935 an nada shi a cikin ma'aikatan Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Australiya a matsayin mataimakin mai kula da tattaunawa, wanda ya zama nadin kasa a 1935  kuma ya koma Sydney,  inda a 1937 aka nada shi mai kula da watsa shirye-shiryen Tarayya zuwa makarantu, aikin da a baya ya kasance na Jiha.

Bronner ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 1955 kuma ya mutu bayan jerin bugun jini, kuma an ƙone shi.

## Iyali
Bronner ya auri Pauline Berkeley "Pauli" Bartels (1894-) a Ingila a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1917. Ta kasance 'yar Adolph Bartels, ɗan kasuwa na Adelaide kuma magajin gari. Suna da 'yar daya:

* Elizabeth Pauline Berkeley Bronner (1919-) ta auri Donald Malcolm Reid a Sydney a ranar 6 ga watan Agusta 1940. Ta rike lasisin matukin jirgi a shekara 18  Donald jikan dan kasuwa ne na Adelaide Malcolm Reid . "babban ɗan Mr. da Mrs. Malcolm P. Reid. Marrayatville". Elizabeth da Donald suna da 'yar a shekara ta 1943. 

## Manazarta
Newton Moore

Manjo Janar **Sir Newton James Moore**, KCMG, VD (17 ga Mayu 1870 - 28 ga Oktoba 1936) ɗan siyasan Australiya ne, ɗan kasuwa kuma jami'in soja. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na takwas na Yammacin Ostiraliya daga 1906 zuwa 1910 kuma, bayan hidimar da ya yi a Yaƙin Duniya na farko, ya kasance memba na House of Commons na Ƙasar Ingila daga 1918 zuwa 1932. Shi ne mahaifin Sir Rodney Moore. 

## Rayuwa ta farko da aiki

An haifi Newton Moore a Fremantle, Yammacin Ostiraliya, ɗan James Moore, mai siyarwa kuma daga Bunbury" id="mwHw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="List of mayors of Bunbury">babba magajin garin Bunbury, da Elizabeth Dawson, malamin makaranta. Ya yi karatu a makarantar firamare ta Arthur Street a Bunbury kafin ya halarci Kwalejin Prince Alfred a Adelaide, Kudancin Australia. A shekara ta 1886, an koya masa aiki a matsayin mai binciken Alexander Forrest . Bayan ya cancanci a shekara ta 1894, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai binciken kwangila a ciki da kewayen yankin Bunbury. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1898 ya auri Isabella Lowrie, 'yar'uwar William Lowrie.

A shekara ta 1899 an zabi Moore a Majalisar Birnin Bunbury, kuma ya kasance Magajin garin Bunbury daga 1900 zuwa 1904. A shekara ta 1903 ya kasance memba na Royal Commission on Forestry, kuma a cikin shekara ta 1904 da 1905 ya kasance Shugaban Ƙungiyar Municipal ta Yammacin Australia.

Moore ya kuma shiga cikin 'yan bindiga na Yammacin Australia, ya fara aiki na dogon lokaci a matsayin mai zaman kansa tare da BRV (Bunbury Rifle Volunteers) a cikin 1894. A shekara ta 1900 ya tashi zuwa kyaftin kuma ya taimaka wajen samar da sashen sojan ƙasa na BRV, wanda daga baya aka haɗa shi cikin WAMI (Western Australian Mounted Infantry)  . Bayan sake tsara Commonwealth na 1903, an sake sunan rukunin 18th (WAMI) Australian Light Horse . Moore ya yi aiki a matsayin mukaddashin kwamandan har zuwa 1908, lokacin da aka kara shi zuwa Lieutenant Colonel kuma a hukumance aka nada shi kwamandan kwamandan. A watan Agustan 1908, an nada Moore a matsayin kwamandan jami'in sashen leken asirin soja na 5th, inda ya kasance har zuwa Maris 1914.

## Siyasa da Firayim Minista
A shekara ta 1901, Moore ya yi takara a Majalisar Dokokin Yammacin Australia ta Bunbury, amma bai yi nasara ba. A shekara ta 1904 ya sake tsayawa takarar kujerar kuma ya ci nasara. A watan Agustan 1905, an nada shi Ministan Lands da Aikin Gona a gwamnatin Cornthwaite Rason. A lokacin da Rason ya yi murabus a ranar 7 ga Mayu 1906, ya zama Firayim Minista na Yammacin Australia. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 36, shi ne mafi ƙanƙanta firaministan da ya taɓa yi. Ya kasance dan siyasa mafi ƙwarewa da ya taɓa rike mukamin, bayan ya yi aiki a majalisa ƙasa da shekaru biyu a lokacin da aka nada shi.

Moore ya jaddada a matsayin Firayim Minista a kan ci gaban noma. Shi da kansa ya riƙe fayil ɗin Lands da Aikin Gona, kuma ya bi manufofin ƙasa mai arha ga mazauna. Gwamnatinsa ta kafa harsashin Wheatbelt, kuma ta kawo jihar cikin layi tare da sauran Ostiraliya ta hanyar harajin kudaden shiga da ƙasa, duk da adawa daga Majalisar Dokoki mai ra'ayin mazan jiya.

## Siyasa ta Burtaniya

## Manazarta
Eric Millhouse

Colonel **Sir Eric William John Millhouse** (26 Disamba 1891 - 24 Fabrairu 1950) lauya ne na Kudancin Australia, wanda aka sani da aikinsa ga ma'aikatan da suka dawo.

## Tarihi
An haifi Millhouse a Dutsen Gambier, ɗan Joseph Edward Millhouse da matarsa Mary Jane Millhouse, mai suna Mahood . Ya yi karatu a makarantar Port Pirie sannan daga baya a Kwalejin Prince Alfred. Ya kammala LLB a Jami'ar Adelaide a watan Maris na shekara ta 1915, yana aiki da labaransa tare da Young, Newland, & Ward, sannan ya yi aiki a matsayin manajan magatakarda ga Francis "Frank" Villeneuve Smith,  kuma an shigar da shi cikin Bar a watan da ya biyo baya. Ya kasance tare da Smith har zuwa 1916, lokacin da ya shiga Ofishin Shari'a na Crown kuma a 1921 ya gaji Shierlaw a matsayin mai gabatar da kara, ya zama ƙarami a tarihin Australia.

## Sojojin da suka dawo
Millhouse ya shiga cikin 1st AIF a watan Satumbar shekara ta 1914, yana aiki a matsayin mai bindiga tare da 8th Battery a Faransa, a watan Yulin shekara ta 1919 an inganta shi zuwa sajan ɗakin karatu. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ya dawo daga gaba, ya sami kwamiti a cikin Shari'a kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in ɗan lokaci har sai an sanya shi a cikin jerin masu ritaya a 1949. Ya kasance shugaban jihar na RSL daga 1942 zuwa 1944, sannan aka zabe shi shugaban tarayya a 1946, na biyu da ya rike mukamin bayan G. J. C. Dyett. Ya tura da kuzari don fifiko a cikin aiki da farfadowa ga ma'aikatan yakin duniya na biyu da suka dawo.

## Sauran ayyukan

* A watan Fabrairun 1933 ya gaji Sir Frank Moulden a ma'aikatan gundumar St. John Ambulance Brigade.
* Ya kasance shugaban kwamitin daukaka kara na 'yan sanda na ɗan lokaci, ya maye gurbin W. R. Kelly SM a watan Yulin 1933,  wanda aka maye gurbinsa a 1950 da E. L. Bean.
* An zabe shi ba tare da hamayya ba a matsayin shugaban Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Kasa ta SA a watan Maris na shekara ta 1940, an sake zabarsa a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1946, don ƙarin lokaci.
* Ya kasance dan wasan lacrosse mai ƙwazo, kuma ya wakilci Kudancin Australia a wasannin da suka shafi jihohi.
* A watan Mayu 1936 an zabe shi shugaban kungiyar SA Amateur Billiards Association.

## Manazarta
Ian Brooker

**Murray Ian Hill Brooker** AM (2 Yuni 1934 - 25 Yuni 2016), wanda aka fi sani da **Ian Brooker**, masanin ilimin shuke-shuke ne na Australiya. An san shi sosai a matsayin babban iko a kan jinsin *Eucalyptus.*

An haifi Ian Brooker a Adelaide, Kudancin Australia a ranar 2 ga Yuni 1934. Ya sami B.Ag. Sc. daga Jami'ar Adelaide, da kuma MSc da D.Sc. daga Jami'ar Kasa ta Australia da ke Canberra. Ya yi aiki tare da reshen kiyaye ƙasa na Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona a Kudancin Ostiraliya daga 1957 zuwa 1963; sannan ya shiga Ma'aikatu na Botany a Jami'ar Kasa ta Australiya har zuwa 1969; sannan ya shafe shekara guda tare da Herbarium na Yammacin Australia.

A cikin 1970, Brooker ya shiga Cibiyar Nazarin dazuzzuka a Canberra, yanzu wani ɓangare na CSIRO. Binciken da ya yi tun daga wannan lokacin ya ƙware a cikin nau'in *[[Eucalyptus]]*, musamman ma lissafinsa. Ya yi tafiya a ko'ina cikin Ostiraliya yana tattara samfurori, kuma ya buga takardun bincike 100, takardu 180, da littattafai huɗu, kuma shine babban marubucin "Forest Trees of Australia".

A matsayinsa na kwararren masanin eucalyptus, ya yi tafiya sosai a duniya, gami da Amurka, Brazil, yawancin ƙasashen Turai, kudancin da gabashin Afirka, Morocco, Isra'ila, Indiya, China, da New Zealand. A cikin 1980/1981 an nada shi Jami'in Hulɗa na Botanical na Australiya a Kew a Burtaniya.

A shekara ta 2006, an sanya shi memba na Order of Australia.

## Manazarta
Chilla Bulbeck

**Margaret Chilla Bulbeck** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1951)  ta kasance farfesa mai daraja na karatun mata a Jami'ar Adelaide daga shekara ta 1997  har zuwa shekara ta 2008,  kuma ta wallafa ko'ina kan batutuwan jinsi da bambanci. 

## Ilimi
Bulbeck ya sami digiri a fannin tattalin arziki daga Jami'ar Adelaide (1972), Master of Arts (1975) da Ph.D. a fannin zamantakewa (1980) daga Jami'an Kasa ta Australia, da kuma LL. B. daga Jami'ar Queensland (1991).

## Ayyukan siyasa
Bayan ya yi ritaya daga rayuwar ilimi, Bulbeck ya shiga siyasa a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa na cikakken lokaci ga The Greens (WA), ya zama Sakataren su kuma co-editor na jaridar su.  Ta kuma yi takara, ba tare da nasara ba a Zaben jihar Yammacin Australia na 2013 na gundumar Mandurah.

## Manazarta
Horace Nock

**Horace Keyworth Nock** (26 ga Oktoba 1879 - 2 ga Agusta 1958) ɗan siyasan Australiya ne, manomi kuma darektan kamfanin.

## Shekaru na farko da asali
An haife shi a Salisbury, Kudancin Australia ga Joseph Nock da matarsa ta biyu Eliza, mai suna Keyworth.

Nock ya halarci Makarantar Jihar Tarlee da Kwalejin Prince Alfred a Adelaide, kuma ya shiga shagon mahaifinsa da kasuwancin sayen alkama, wanda ya gudana daga mutuwar mahaifinsa a 1904 har zuwa 1914, lokacin da ya koma wani wurin kiwo, Nelungaloo, kusa da Parkes, New South Wales. A nan, ya kafa gonar da aka haɗu da ita. Ya kasance shugaban kungiyar manoma da mazauna New South Wales daga 1928 zuwa 1932, kuma ya kasance mai ba da kuɗi daga 1938 zuwa 1958.

## Ayyukan siyasa
An zabi Nock a Majalisar Wakilai ta Australiya don Rukunin Riverina a 1931, wakiltar Jam'iyyar Country. Ya kasance shugaban kwamitin na wucin gadi (1935-37) sannan kuma sakatare da bulala na jam'iyyar a 1937. An nada Nock a matsayin Minista ba tare da fayil ɗin gudanar da Yankin waje ba a 1940, lokacin da Archie Cameron ya jagoranci Jam'iyyar Country a cikin ma'aikatar Menzies. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, an kayar da shi a cikin masu jefa kuri'a, kuma yakin neman zabe na Majalisar Dattijai a 1943 bai yi nasara ba.

## Ayyukan kasuwanci
Wani sanannen wakilin yankunan karkara, an san Nock da "Cockies' Patron Saint", kuma ya kasance mai kula da farashi. Bayan ya bar majalisa, ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da Ƙungiyar Manoma da Mazauna, kuma ya shiga cikin Ƙungiyar Manoman Alkama ta Australiya, Australian Pastoral Research Trust (wanda ya kasance darektan), Hukumar Kula da Wool ta Australiya da Majalisar Wool ta Australia, kuma ya kasance wakilin Australiya a Sakatariyar Wool ta Duniya ta 1948.

A cikin 1946 Nelungaloo Pty Ltd, kamfanin Nock, ya kalubalanci ikon Commonwealth na tilasta sayen amfanin gona a Babban Kotun Australia. Shari'ar ba ta yi nasara ba, kodayake ta ba da wahayi ga Commonwealth da kuma tabbatar da masana'antar alkama ta Jihar Ayyukan 1954. An san Nock a matsayin wanda ba ya yarda da addini, kuma koyaushe mutum ne mai aiki, mai ƙarfi da kuma taimakon jama'a. Ya mutu a Sydney a ranar 2 ga watan Agusta 1958, bayan ya fadi a kan hanyarsa zuwa taron kungiyar manoma da mazauna, kuma an ba shi

## Rayuwar kashin kai
A ranar 19 ga Fabrairu 1908 Nock ta auri Marcia Nessie Clarke a Tarlee, Kudancin Australia. Ta mutu a shekara ta 1956, kuma Nock ta sami 'ya'ya maza biyu da mace.

## Manazarta
Andreas Panayiotou (ɗan kasuwa)

**Andreas Panayiotou** (an haife shi a watan Janairun shekara ta 1966) ɗan Burtaniya ne mai haɓaka dukiya,  wanda ya kafa Ability Group, kuma sau ɗaya babban mai mallakar gida mai zaman kansa na Burtaniya, har sai da ya sayar a 2006/07 kuma ya koma otal-otal.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Panayiotou ne a Landan, ɗan iyayen Cypriot. Ya bar makaranta yana da shekaru 14 ba tare da wani cancanta ba. An kore shi saboda ya buge malaminsa na PE, kuma ya ci gaba da zama zakaran dambe na Essex na kasa da shekaru 16.

## Ayyuka
Ya fara aiki ga mahaifinsa, kafin ya sayi gidan Islington, ya canza shi zuwa gidaje, kuma ya gina daya daga cikin manyan daular sayen haya a Burtaniya, yana sayar da kusan gidaje 7,000 a cikin 2006-07, kuma yana motsawa cikin otal-otal.

**A cikin shekaru da dama tarin dukiyar Teodoro "Teodorin" Nguema Obiang Mangue su yi nuni da yanayin ƙasarsa Equatorial Guinea, yayin da ta bunkasa zuwa mafi girma a arzikin man fetur a yankin kudu da Saharar Afirka.**

Ɗan shugaban ƙasa Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo ya more wata rayuwar jin dadi da wadata a birnin California da ƙasar Faransa.Rayuwar jin dadinsa a ƙasashen waje sun yi matukar banbanta da na 'yan ƙasarsa, wadanda ba su ga komai a kasa ba a kuɗaɗen shiga da ƙasar ke samu daga arzikin mai.Yanzu an bankaɗo yadda yake samun kuɗaɗen rayuwar holewar da yake yi a matsayin satar kudin kasa, bayan da aka yanke wa Teodorin hukunci kan aikata miyagun laifuka a ƙasar Faransa, da kuma aza masa takunkumi a Birtaniya, kana ga batun cin hanci da rashawa a Amurka.Amma idan aka dawo gida ƙasarsa, mutum mai shekaru 52 na ci gaba da kasancewa mataimakin shugaban kasa, a matsayin wanda kuma zai gaji mahaifinsa mai shekaru 79.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Yana da 'ya'ya maza biyu daga aurensa na farko. Shi da matarsa ta biyu Susan suna zaune a wani yanki na 20 acre a cikin Epping Forest, kuma suna da 'ya'ya mata uku. Panayiotou ta mallaki jirgin Gulfstream G450 mai fam miliyan 40, jirgin ruwa na Mangusta 130 mai fam miliyan 12, da jiragen Cessna Citation guda biyu, da kuma Range Rover, Ferrari Enzo, Lamborghini LP700, Rolls-Royce Phantom mai canzawa, da Bugatti Veyron.

## manazarta
Elizabeth Danby

**Elizabeth Danby** an haife ta **Elizabeth Wentworth** (ta mutu a shekara ta 1629) wata mace ce mai daraja ta Ingila. Ita ce matar Sir Thomas Danby . Ta gudanar da dukiyar iyali lokacin da ɗanta ya gaji yana da shekaru takwas.

## Rayuwa
Iyayen Danby sune Thomas Wentworth da Margaret Gascoigne ko Gascoyne . Mahaifiyarta ita ce magajin Gawthorpe . Ta auri Sir Thomas Danby wanda shi ne ɗan wani Sir Thomas Danbi (1530-1590). Ya mutu a ranar 3 ga Janairu 1582 kuma ta ci gaba da zama a Pott Grange .  Ta kasance gwauruwa lokacin da surukinta ya mutu kuma ɗanta Christopher Danby (1582-1624) ya gaji dukiyarsa duk da cewa yana da shekaru takwas. Da farko an ba da kulawar ɗanta ga Thomas Cecil wanda shine ɗan fari na Ubangiji Burghley, amma an canza wannan don Elizabeth ta iya ɗaukar alhakin.

An ce ta kasance mai taimako. Ta kasance Katolika kuma ba ta ɓoye imanin ta ba. Tana da firist nata kuma ta yi amfani da mai koyarwa wanda bai yi tarayya ba. Ita da iyalinta ba su da gida kuma wannan na iya kasancewa don kauce wa hankalin duk wanda yake so ya ba da rahoton halayenta na ƙin yarda. Wannan bai yi aiki ba kamar yadda a lokacin aka ci tarar ta saboda karbar wasu masu adawa. Ɗanta yana da shekaru 21 a shekara ta 1603.

Ɗanta bai bayyana a matsayin mai gida mai kyau ba. Iyalin sun rasa kudi mai yawa saboda manajan da suka yi amfani da shi wanda, kamar ɗanta, ana kiransa Christopher Danby. Manajan ya yi amfani da ikonsa don ba da damar masu haya na iyali su sabunta wuraren haya ba tare da biyan kuɗin haya ba. A sakamakon haka za su tabbatar da cewa ya amfana. Manajan su bai kula da gidan dangin ba kuma ya yaudare su da £ 7,000 a cikin 1608-1609. Shari'ar ta tafi ɗakin tauraron a cikin 1610.

Ɗanta ya sayar da ƙasa kuma ya tara basussuka. Ya yi aure kuma ya sami kyautar £ 1,000 amma kuɗin bai zo ba. Ɗanta Christopher ya mutu a shekara ta 1624 kuma jikanta, (wani) Thomas Danby ya gaje shi.

Elizabeth ta mutu a shekara ta 1629. Akwai takarda a bangon Masham" id="mwLQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Church of St Mary the Virgin, Masham">Cocin St Mary the Virgin a Masham wanda ke rubuta rayuwarta da mijinta.

## Manazarta
Michael Burden

**Michael Burden**, FAHA, (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1960) masanin kiɗa ne na Australiya, yana aiki a Ƙasar Ingila . An zabe shi a matsayin mai ba da rahoto na Kwalejin Nazarin Dan Adam ta Australiya a shekarar 2018.

## Rayuwa
An haife shi a Adelaide, Kudancin Ostiraliya, ya yi karatu a Makarantar Pulteney Grammar da Jami'ar Adelaide ; ya yi digirin digirgir a Jami'ar Edinburgh . A halin yanzu yana karatun digiri na uku a fannin lissafi.  Abokin Waƙa, Dean kuma Chattels Fellow a New College, Oxford ; shi ne kuma darektan New Chamber Opera, kuma Farfesa na Nazarin Opera a Faculty of Music, Jami'ar Oxford . A shekarar 2016, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin masu tallafawa Gidauniyar Kiɗa ta St Peter's Cathedral, wacce ke tallafawa kiɗan St Peter's Cathedral, Adelaide.

## Ayyukan Ilimi
Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kwamitin jami'ar Oxford ta fannin kiɗa daga 2015 zuwa 2018. Daga 2007 har zuwa 2015, ya kasance baƙo a Gidan Tarihi na Ashmolean na Oxford; shi ma mai kula da tarin hotuna na Kwalejin Kiɗa. A cikin shekara ta ilimi ta 2009-2010, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu gabatar da jami'a guda huɗu (mataimakan masu gabatar da kara).

A halin yanzu shi ne shugaban kungiyar Society for Theatre Research . Daga 2009 zuwa 2013, ya kasance shugaban kungiyar British Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies, wanda shekaru biyu suka riga ya kasance mataimakin shugaban kasa, sannan ya biyo bayan shekaru biyu a matsayin shugaban da ya gabata. Ya kuma yi aiki a majalisar Royal Musical Association kuma yana cikin kwamitin jagora na Cibiyar Besterman don Haskakawa (duba Gidauniyar Voltaire), memba na Project Team for Ballad Opera Online, amintaccen duka Répertoire International des Sources Musicales United Kingdom, da Gidauniyoyin Gerald Coke Handel; kuma a kan kwamitin ba da shawara na Cibiyar Oxford don Rubuce-rubucen Rayuwa.

## Bincike
Bincikensa yana kan waƙoƙin dandamali na Purcell, da kuma fannoni na rawa da wasan kwaikwayo a ƙarni na 17, 18, da 19, kuma ya haɗa da kundin waƙoƙin opera na Metastasio kamar yadda aka yi a Landan, bugu na Le Ballet de la Nuit : Rothschild B1/16/6 tare da Jennifer Thorp, da kuma tarihin rayuwar Regina Mingotti a Landan. A halin yanzu yana nan.  yana kammala wani littafi kan shirya wasan opera a Landan daga 1660 zuwa 1860. Yawancin bincikensa na baya-bayan nan an mayar da hankali ne kan Aikin Mata na Landan, https://www.music.ox.ac.uk/research/projects/the-london-stage-project/  musamman ga Kalandar Mata na Landan da za a fitar nan ba da jimawa ba 1800-1844. https://www.music.ox.ac.uk/research/projects/the-london-stage-project/#calendar  

## Manazarta
Fred Bullock (mai wasan ƙwallon ƙafa)

**Frederick Edwin Bullock** (1 ga Yulin 1886 - 14 ga Nuwamba 1922) ya kasance ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila, wanda aka fi tunawa da shi saboda shekaru 11 da ya yi tare da Huddersfield Town, kafin, a lokacin da kuma bayan Yaƙin Duniya na farko.  Ya buga wasan hagu a baya kuma ya zama kyaftin din kulob din.

## Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Bullock ya lashe kwallo daya ga Ingila, wanda ya zo a cikin nasarar 2-0 a kan Ireland a shekarar 1920.  Ya lashe kofin mai son a shekara ta 1910. 

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Bullock ya auri Maude kuma yana da ɗa ɗaya. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da lance corporal a cikin Battalion na Kwallon Kafa a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na farko kuma an ji masa rauni a kafada ta dama a lokacin Yaƙi na Somme a 1916,  a yankin Delville Wood da Guillemont . Ya ji rauni a gwiwoyin hagu bayan hatsari a 1918 kuma An dakatar da shi a watan Maris na shekara ta 1920. Bayan ya yi ritaya daga kwallon kafa a 1922, Bullock ya zama mai mallakar gidan Slubber's Arms a Huddersfield .  Ya mutu ne sakamakon gazawar zuciya saboda guba na ammoniya a watan Nuwamba 1922 kuma yana fama da "matsalar jijiya" a cikin watan da ya gabata kafin mutuwarsa.  

## Daraja

* Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu ta matsayi na biyu: 1919-20 

**Brentford**

* London Haɗin: 1918-19 

## Kididdigar aiki

## Manazarta