Harriet Tubman

**Harriet Tubman** (an haife shi Araminta Ross, c.  Maris 1822 - Maris 10, 1913) ɗan Amurka ne mai kawar da kai kuma mai fafutukar jin daɗin jama'a. Bayan tserewa daga bauta, Tubman ya yi wasu ayyuka 13 don ceto kusan mutane bayi 70, gami da danginta da abokanta, ta amfani da hanyar sadarwar masu fafutukar yaki da bautar da gidajen aminci da aka sani tare da layin dogo na karkashin kasa. A lokacin yakin basasar Amurka, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai leken asiri da kuma leken asiri ga Sojan Tarayyar Turai. A cikin shekarunta na baya, Tubman ta kasance mai fafutuka a cikin gwagwarmayar neman zaɓen mata.

An haife ta cikin bauta a Dorchester County, Maryland, Tubman ta sha duka da bulala daga bayi tana yarinya. A farkon rayuwarta, ta sami rauni mai rauni a kai lokacin da wani mai kula da ya fusata ya jefi wani nau'in karfe mai nauyi, da nufin ya buge wani bawa, amma ya buge ta maimakon. Raunin ya haifar da dimuwa, zafi, da ciwon hawan jini, wanda ya faru a tsawon rayuwarta. Bayan rauninta, Tubman ta fara fuskantar baƙon wahayi da mafarkai masu ma'ana, waɗanda ta danganta ga hadisai daga Allah. Waɗannan abubuwan, haɗe tare da renonta Mabiyi , ya kai ta ga zama mai ibada.

## Haihuwa da ahali
An haifi Tubman Araminta "Minty" Ross ga iyayen bayi, Harriet ("Rit") Green da Ben Ross. Maryamu Pattison Brodess (da kuma ɗanta Edward) ta bautar da Rit. Anthony Thompson ya bautar da Ben, wanda ya zama mijin Mary Brodess na biyu, kuma wanda ya gudanar da wani babban shuka kusa da kogin Blackwater a yankin Madison na gundumar Dorchester, Maryland.

Kamar yadda yake da yawancin mutane da ake bauta a Amurka, ba a san ainihin shekara ko wurin da aka haifi Tubman ba. Tubman ta ba da rahoton shekarar da aka haife ta a shekara ta 1825, yayin da takardar shaidar mutuwarta ta lissafta 1815 da jerin kabari 1820. Tarihin rayuwar Tubman na 2004 marubuciya Kate Larson ta rubuta shekarar a matsayin 1822, bisa la’akari da biyan ungozoma da wasu takardu na tarihi da yawa, gami da tallan da ta yi ta gudu. Dangane da aikin Larson, ƙarin tarihin rayuwar kwanan nan sun karɓi Maris 1822 a matsayin mafi kusantar lokacin haihuwar Tubman.

## Yarinta
An sanya mahaifiyar Tubman zuwa "babban gida" kuma ba ta da ɗan lokaci don danginta; saboda haka, tun yana yaro Tubman yana kula da ƙane da jariri, kamar yadda aka saba a cikin manyan iyalai. Lokacin da ta kai shekara biyar ko shida, Brodess ta dauke ta a matsayin mai aikin jinya ga wata mata mai suna "Miss Susan". An umurci Tubman ya kula da jaririn kuma ya girgiza shimfiɗar jariri yayin da yake barci; lokacin da jaririn ya tashi ya yi kuka, aka yi wa Tubman bulala. Daga baya ta ba da labarin wata rana da aka yi mata bulala sau biyar kafin karin kumallo. Ta dauki tabo har tsawon rayuwarta. Ta sami hanyoyin da za ta bijirewa, kamar gudun hijira na kwanaki biyar, sanya suturar tufafi don kariya daga dukan tsiya, da kuma yaƙi.

## Ahali da aure
Anthony Thompson ta yi alkawarin kashe mahaifin Tubman tana da shekaru 45. Bayan Thompson ta mutu, danta ya bi wannan alkawarin a cikin 1840. Mahaifin Tubman ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai kididdigar katako kuma mai kula da dangin Thompson. Daga baya a cikin 1840s, Tubman ta biya wani farar lauya dala biyar (daidai da $160 a 2023) don bincika matsayin mahaifiyarta, Rit. Lauyan ya gano cewa Atthow Pattison, kakan Mary Brodess, ya nuna a cikin wasiyyarsa cewa Rit da kowace 'ya'yanta za a kashe su a shekaru 45, kuma duk 'ya'yan da aka haifa bayan ta kai shekaru 45 za su zama 'yanci. Iyalan Pattison da Brodess sun yi watsi da wannan ƙa'idar lokacin da suka gaji dangin da aka bautar, amma ɗaukar matakin doka don aiwatar da hakan abu ne mai wuya ga Tubman.

## Manazarta