Jacqueline Cochran

**Jacqueline Cochran** (an haife ta **Bessie Lee Pittman** ; 11 ga Mayu, 1906 - 9 ga Agusta, 1980) matukin jirgi ne kuma babbar jami'ar kasuwanci ta Amurka. Ta fara aikin jirgin sama na mata kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta karya shingen sauti a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 1953. Cochran (tare da Nancy Love ) ita ce shugabar lokacin yaƙi ta Matan Jiragen Sama na Sojojin Sama (WASP) (1943–1944), wacce ta ɗauki mata 'yan Amurka fararen hula kusan 1,000 aiki ba tare da yaƙi ba don jigilar jiragen sama daga masana'antu zuwa biranen tashar jiragen ruwa. Daga baya, Cochran da farko ta kasance mai tallafawa shirin mata 'yan sama jannati na Mercury 13, kafin ta ba da shaida a kan hakan a wani ƙaramin kwamiti na majalisar dokoki.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Cochran Bessie Lee Pittman a Pensacola,  (wasu majiyoyi sun nuna cewa an haife ta ne a DeFuniak Springs )  a Florida Panhandle . Ita ce ƙarama a cikin 'ya'ya biyar na Mary (Grant) da Ira Pittman, ƙwararren mawallafin niƙa wanda ke yawan ƙaura zuwa wurin kafa da sake yin gyaran injinan yanka katako. Duk da cewa iyalinta ba su da wadata, zaman Cochran a ƙaramin gari na Florida ya yi kama da na sauran iyalai na wannan lokacin. Sabanin wasu labaran, akwai abinci a kan teburi koyaushe kuma ba a ɗauke ta ba, kamar yadda ta saba da iƙirari. 

A shekarar 1920, (da tana da shekaru 13 ko 14), ta auri Robert Cochran kuma ta haifi ɗa namiji, Robert, wanda ya mutu a shekarar 1925 yana da shekaru 5. [1] Bayan auren ya ƙare, ta ci gaba da amfani da sunan Cochran kuma ta fara amfani da Jacqueline ko Jackie a matsayin sunan da aka ba ta. Daga nan Cochran ta zama mai gyaran gashi kuma ta sami aiki a Pensacola, daga ƙarshe ta ƙaura zuwa birnin New York. A can, ta yi amfani da kamanninta da halayenta na tuƙi don samun aiki a wani babban salon gyaran gashi a Saks Fifth Avenue .

Duk da cewa Cochran ta musanta iyalinta da abubuwan da suka faru a baya, ta ci gaba da hulɗa da su kuma tana kula da su tsawon shekaru. Wasu daga cikin iyalinta sun ƙaura zuwa gonarta da ke California bayan ta sake yin aure. An umarce su da su riƙa cewa su ne danginta da ta ɗauke su. Da alama Cochran tana son ɓoye wa jama'a farkon babi na rayuwarta kuma ta yi nasarar yin hakan har bayan mutuwarta.

Daga baya Cochran ta haɗu da Floyd Bostwick Odlum, wanda ya kafa Atlas Corp kuma Shugaba na RKO a Hollywood . Bayan ya girma a shekara goma sha huɗu, an san shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mutane 10 mafi arziki a duniya. Odlum ya ji daɗin Cochran kuma ya yi tayin taimaka mata ta kafa kasuwancin kayan kwalliya.  

Bayan da wani abokinta ya ba ta tayin hawa jirgin sama, Cochran ta fara ɗaukar darussan tukin jirgi a Roosevelt Airfield, Long Island a farkon shekarun 1930 kuma ta koyi tukin jirgin sama cikin makonni uku. Daga nan ta yi ta kaɗaici kuma cikin shekaru biyu ta sami lasisin tukin jirgin sama na kasuwanci. Odlum, wacce ta aura a 1936 bayan rabuwar aurensa, ƙwararren mai kuɗi ce kuma mai tallata kayayyaki wadda ta fahimci muhimmancin tallata kasuwancinta. Ta kira layin kayan kwalliyarta *Wings to Beauty*,   ta yi ta yawo da jiragenta a faɗin ƙasar tana tallata kayayyakinta. Shekaru bayan haka, Odlum ta yi amfani da alaƙar Hollywood don sa Marilyn Monroe ta amince da layin lipstick na Cochran. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Gudummawa ga harkokin sufurin jiragen sama

An san ta da "Jackie", kuma tana riƙe da sunan Cochran, tana ɗaya daga cikin mata uku da suka fafata a gasar tseren jiragen sama ta MacRobertson a shekarar 1934.  A shekarar 1937, ita kaɗai ce mace da ta fafata a gasar Bendix kuma ta yi aiki tare da Amelia Earhart don buɗe gasar ga mata. A wannan shekarar, ta kuma kafa sabon tarihin gudun mata a duniya.  A shekarar 1938, an ɗauke ta a matsayin mafi kyawun matukin jirgi mace a Amurka. Ta lashe gasar Bendix kuma ta kafa sabon tarihin gudun nahiyoyin duniya da kuma tarihin tsayi.  Cochran ita ce mace ta farko da ta tashi da bam a Tekun Atlantika. Ta lashe kofuna biyar na Harmon . Wani lokaci ana kiranta da "Saurin Sarauniya", a lokacin mutuwarta ta riƙe rikodin gudu, nisa, ko tsayi fiye da kowane matukin jirgi.  

## Manazarta