Dorothy M. Needham

**Dorothy Mary Moyle Needham** FRS  (22 Satumba 1896 - 22 Disamba 1987) ta kasance likitan kimiyyar halittu ta Ingila da aka sani da aikinta a kan ilimin kimiyyar tsoka. Ta auri masanin kimiyyar halittu Joseph Needham .

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Dorothy Mary Moyle a Landan, ga magatakarda John Thomas Moyle da matarsa, Ellen Daves .  Ta halarci Kwalejin Claremont, Stockport, wata cibiyar da kawunta, Agnes Daves, da kuma Makarantar St Hilary, Alderley Edge, ke gudanarwa, kafin ta shiga Kwalejin Girton, Cambridge. A Girton ta zama mai sha'awar ilmin sunadarai, da ilmin sunayensu musamman bayan halartar laccocin Frederick Gowland Hopkins . Bayan kammala karatun digiri na farko a 1919, inda ta sami lambar yabo ta aji na uku, an ba ta matsayi na bincike tare da Hopkins - ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin kimiyya kaɗan a Cambridge a lokacin waɗanda suka ba da damar bincike ga mata - a Cibiyar Sir William Dunn ta Biochemistry, Cambridge,  Ta sami Master of Arts a 1923, da PhD a 1930.

## Ayyuka
Babban binciken farko na Moyle, tare da hadin gwiwar Dorothy L. Foster, ya mayar da hankali kan jujjuyawar lactic acid da glycogen a cikin tsoka, sake maimaita aikin Otto Fritz Meyerhof. Bayan haka, ta yi nazarin matsayin Succinic acid, fumaric acid, da malic acid a cikin metabolism na tsoka, da kuma bambance-bambance na kwayoyin halitta da alaƙa tsakanin hanyoyin aerobic da Anaerobic. Daga baya ta yi aiki a kan canja wurin cyclic phosphate a cikin raguwar tsoka kuma, tare da abokan aiki, sun kafa a karo na farko daidaituwa kai tsaye na tsari da aiki a cikin tsoka ta hanyar tabbatarwa a 1939 cewa myosin, furotin na ƙuntata na tsoka, yana nunawa a matsayin enzyme ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase). 

A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Needham ya shiga cikin bincike a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar kare sinadarai karkashin jagorancin Farfesa Malcolm Dixon don Ma'aikatar Sayarwa, yana mai da hankali kan tasirin makamai masu sinadarai (musamman gas mustard) akan fata da ƙashin ƙashi.

A shekara ta 1944, an nada mijinta a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan kimiyya a ofishin jakadancin Burtaniya a Chungking (Chongqing), China, kuma Needham ta bi shi zuwa China inda aka nada ta mataimakiyar darakta na ofishin hadin gwiwar Sino-British wanda ya kafa a can. Sun koma Cambridge a 1945, inda ta ci gaba da bincike a cikin furotin da enzyme biochemistry, kuma an ba ta digiri na Doctor of Science. A shekara ta 1948, an zabe ta a matsayin Fellow na Royal Society (FRS), wanda ya sa Needhams su zama ma'aurata na farko na Royal Society.[1]

A shekara ta 1962, ta kammala bincikenta na shekaru arba'in a cikin ilimin kimiyyar tsoka tare da nazarin sunadarai na tsoka mai santsi a cikin mahaifa.

Babban aikinta: Machina Carnis: The Biochemistry of Muscular Contraction in its Historical Development  wanda ke gano duk abubuwan da suka faru a fagen tun daga 1600, an buga shi a 1971 kuma an sake buga shi a cikin takarda a cikin 2009.

Ta kasance abokiyar girmamawa ta Kwalejin Girton, co-kafa kuma abokiyar Kwalejin Lucy Cavendish, kuma abokiyar girmamawar Kwalejin Caius, inda ta kasance mace ta farko (kuma na dogon lokaci ita kadai ce).

## Rayuwar mutum da ayyukan siyasa
A ranar 13 ga Satumba 1924 Moyle ya auri abokin aikinsa  (Noel) Joseph Terence Montgomery Needham . Ma'auratan ba su da yara.

## Manazarta