Naomi Shemer

**Naomi Shemer** (Ibraniyawa: 13 ga Yulin 1930 - 26 ga Yuni 2004) marubuciya ce ta Isra'ila, mawaƙiya, kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo, an bayyana ta a matsayin "mace ta farko ta waƙar Isra'ila".   Ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan mutane a cikin kiɗa na Ibrananci na zamani, tana rubuta waƙoƙi da yawa waɗanda suka zama al'adun al'adu, musamman "Yerushalayim Shel Zahav" ("Jerusalem of Gold"), wanda ya sami shahara bayan Yaƙin Kwanaki shida kuma galibi ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin taken ƙasa na biyu. A cikin aikin da ya kai shekaru da yawa, Shemer ya kirkiro kiɗa ga manya da yara, ya ba da gudummawa ga manyan bukukuwa da al'adun al'adu, kuma ya zama sananne sosai don tsara littafin waƙoƙin Isra'ila.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Shemer Naomi Sapir ga Rivka da Meir Sapir, baƙi Yahudawa na Lithuania zuwa Mandatory Palestine, a Kvutzat Kinneret, kibbutz da suka taimaka wajen kafa a Tekun Galili .  A shekara ta 1935, ita da mahaifiyarta sun ziyarci Vilnius, inda suka sadu da 'yar'uwar mahaifinta Berta da iyalinta. Yawancin dangin Shemer na Turai daga baya aka kashe su a lokacin Holocaust . 

Mahaifiyarta ce ta karfafa mata gwiwa, Shemer ta fara buga piano tana da shekaru shida. Bayan kammala karatunta daga Jordan Valley High School,  ta jinkirta aikin soja don nazarin kiɗa  a Cibiyar Nazarin Kiɗa ta Isra'ila a Tel Aviv (daga baya Kwalejin Kiɗa ta Tel Aviv), kodayake wasu mambobin kibbutz sun yi adawa da wannan shawarar. Daga nan sai ta ci gaba a Kwalejin Kiɗa da Dance ta Urushalima, inda ta yi karatu a ƙarƙashin sanannun malamai da yawa, ciki har da Paul Ben-Haim, Frank Pelleg, Abel Ehrlich, Ilona Vincze-Kraus, da Josef Tal .  

Bayan kammala karatunta na kiɗa, ta koma Kvutzat Kinneret kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin malamin kiɗa na yara. Shemer ta kirkiro wasu ayyukanta na farko a wannan lokacin, ciki har da "The Mail Arrived Today" da "Our Little Brother", na ƙarshe game da ɗan'uwanta, Yankale .  Wadannan waƙoƙin daga baya sun bayyana a cikin kundin Yafa Yarkoni na 1958, Songs from Kinneret .  

A shekara ta 1951, bayan jinkiri na kimanin shekaru hudu, ta shiga cikin Sojojin Tsaro na Isra'ila, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin pianist a cikin Nahal Singers, ƙungiyar sakandare ga Nahal Band . 

## Ayyuka

### Ayyukan farko (1950s-farkon 1960s)
Bayan kammala aikin soja, Shemer ta fara rubuta waƙoƙi don gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Ta yi aiki tare da mawaƙa   a kan kiɗa Peshita Al Ha-Kfar , wanda ta rubuta kalmomi a ƙarƙashin sunan alkalami S. Carmel .[he] Waƙoƙi daga kiɗa wanda daga baya ya zama sananne sun haɗa da "Tarnegol Ben-Gever", "Rav Ha'Or VeHa'Tchelet", da " HaBar". Bayan haka, ta rubuta waƙoƙi ga *Ha'Ikar VeBat Ha'Icar* (The Farmer and the Farmer's Daughter) a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ohel . 

Chaim Topol ya gayyaci Shemer don rubuta waƙoƙi ga sabuwar ƙungiyar Batzal Yarok. Waƙarta ta farko ga ƙungiyar, "Mishirei Zener Noded" (wanda aka fi  da "Haderech Aruka Hi Varba"), wanda aka rubuta a shekara ta 1957, ya sami karbuwa sosai kuma ana bayyana shi a matsayin ta farko. An kuma haɗa waƙarta ta tarihin kansa   a cikin ƙungiyar ta farko.[he] Don wasan kwaikwayon *Daber El Hakir*, wanda aka shirya a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Sambation a 1958, ta rubuta kuma ta kirkiro waƙar "Halayla Holech Ba'Sderot", wanda Shimon Isra'ila ya yi a cikin wasan kwaikwayon.

Shemer ya rubuta waƙoƙi masu nasara da yawa ga ƙungiyoyin soja na Isra'ila ciki har da Chamsinim Ba-Mashlat [he] , da "Hakol Biglal Masmer" (bisa ga "For Want of a Nail").[he] A wannan lokacin, ta rubuta kalmomin a ƙarƙashin sunan alkalami "Alifaz" don waƙoƙin Dudaim "Kibui Orot" da Shayeret Ha-Rokhvim [he] .[he] Bugu da ƙari, Shemer ya rubuta Ir Levana [he] , wanda mawaƙi Loolik ya yi a cikin wani ɗan gajeren fim game da Tel Aviv-Yafo .[he]

A shekara ta 1958, Shemer ya rubuta "Hopa Hey" don shirin IDF a kan Kol Isra'ila . Shekaru biyu bayan haka, ƙungiyar mawaƙa da ta yi ta lashe kyautar farko a gasar a Italiya. A shekara ta 1960, ta rubuta waƙar da ta hada da "Bessadeh Tiltan" don Northern Command Band, "Leil Emesh" wanda Shaike Levi ya yi, da kuma "Shir Hashuk" don wasan *Aseret Hatzadikim* wanda HaTarnegolim ya rubuta a 1961. 

A ƙarshen 1960, Shemer ya fara rangadin watanni tara a Amurka. A shekara ta 1962, ta rubuta "Achrei Hashkiaa Basadeh" don Shiriyon Men's Choir . Daga baya ta yi aiki tare da Nahal Band a kan waƙoƙi kamar   ("Gobe"), "Mitriyah Beshnayim" ("Umbrella for Two"), da kuma  [shi"" ("Sanya da Neman").[he] 

A cikin 1963, Shemer ya rubuta   ("The Eucalyptus Grove") game da Kvutzat Kinneret don kiɗa *Keytzad Shovrim Chamsin* . [he] A wannan shekarar, ta kirkiro waƙar  wanda Rachel Bluwstein ta rubuta, don Central Command Band.[he]

## Manazarta