John James Abert

**John James Abert** (17 ga Satumba 1788 - 27 ga Janairu 1863) soja ne na Amurka. Ya jagoranci Rundunar Injiniyoyin Topographical na tsawon shekaru 32, a lokacin ne ya tsara taswirar Yammacin Amurka .

An haifi Abert a Shepherdstown, Virginia (yanzu West Virginia; wanda ake jayayya a kai Frederick, Maryland ) ga John Abert da Margarita Meng, an ce mahaifinsa ya yi hijira zuwa Amurka a matsayin soja tare da Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau a 1780.  Ya kammala karatunsa daga West Point a 1811, amma ya ƙi amincewa da hukumar aikin lauya. Bayan barin West Point, ya auri Ellen Matlack Stretch a watan Janairun 1812. Ya shiga cikin DC Militia a lokacin Yaƙin 1812, kuma ya koma soja a matsayin injiniyan zane-zane tare da matsayin brevet Major a watan Oktoban 1814. Abert ya yi aikin sa kai a matsayin mai zaman kansa a Gundumar Columbia Militia don kare Washington a 1814, kuma an nada shi Major, Injiniyan Taswirar Ma'aikata, don jarumtaka a Yaƙin Bladensburg, Maryland, a ranar 24 ga Agusta, 1814.

An haifi ɗansa, James William Abert, wanda shi ma ya zama memba na ƙungiyar, a shekara ta 1820.  A watan Maris na shekara ta 1829, an naɗa John Abert a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar, kuma an ɗaukaka shi zuwa Kanar a watan Yuli na shekara ta 1838. Jami'an da ke aiki a ƙarƙashinsa ne ke da alhakin bincike da taswirar ƙasashen yammacin Kogin Mississippi . An zaɓe shi memba na Ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Amurka  a shekara ta 1832 kuma Mataimakin Fellow na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka  a shekara ta 1845.

A shekara ta 1818, Ma'aikatar Yaƙin Amurka ta ƙirƙiri Ofishin Tsarin Ƙasa a matsayin wani ɓangare na Rundunar Injiniyoyi, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Manjo Isaac Roberdeau . An ba Ofishin Tsarin Ƙasa mutum shida kuma za su tattara da adana taswira da rahotannin yanayin ƙasa. Lokacin da Roberdeau ya mutu a shekara ta 1829, Abert ya zama shugaban Ofishin. Yana son ya 'yantu daga kulawar Rundunar Injiniyoyi ta Amurka kuma ya kafa Rundunar Tsarin Ƙasa daban. A shekara ta 1831, Abert ya sami damar shawo kan Majalisa ta cire injiniyoyin yanayin ƙasa daga Rundunar Injiniyoyi, sannan ta sanya su kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin Sakataren Yaƙin Amurka . A shekara ta 1838, an naɗa Abert a matsayin kwamandan Rundunar Injiniyoyin Tsarin Ƙasa, wanda zai riƙe na tsawon shekaru 23. Rundunar Injiniyoyin Tsarin Ƙasa ta girma zuwa jami'ai talatin da shida a wancan lokacin, ciki har da manyan jami'ai shida, kyaftin huɗu ta Brevet, injiniyoyin farar hula shida da kuma ƙananan ƙungiyoyi ashirin na layin. Abert ya ɗauki mafi kyawun masana kimiyyar soja da ya samu. Waɗannan sun haɗa da John C. Frémont, William H. Emory da Andrew A. Humphreys .

Abert memba ne na ƙungiyoyin shari'a, na ƙasa da na kimiyya da dama. Ya kuma kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Geography of Paris, Société de Géographie . Ya yi ritaya daga aikin soja a watan Satumba na 1861. Abert ya mutu a Washington, DC, kuma an binne shi a makabartar Rock Creek .

Lokacin da ya mutu, Ma'aikatar Yaƙin Amurka ta rubuta game da nasarorin da Abert ya samu tare da Rundunar Injiniyoyin Tsarin Ƙasa: "Sojoji da ƙasar ba za su buƙaci a tuna musu da babban sha'awa da ƙimar da ke tattare da ayyukan wannan Rundunar ba tun lokacin da aka kafa ta. Bayanan ƙasa da sauran bayanai game da wannan nahiyar da jami'anta suka tattara suka buga sun ƙalubalanci sha'awar duniyar kimiyya, yayin da aka ji fa'idar ayyukansu a kusan kowace Jiha da kowace Yanki; duka suna samar da abin tunawa mai alfahari ga wanda ya kafa ta. A matsayinsa na ɗan ƙasa kuma mutum, Kanar Abert ya kasance abin mamaki saboda juriyar abokantakarsa, saboda gaskiya da karimcinsa mara misaltuwa. Haka kuma rashin kunya, amma ba ƙaramin gaskiya ba ne, shine sauƙin ibada wanda ya goyi bayan shekarunsa na raguwa, kuma ya bar misali wanda soja mafi girman kai ba zai ji kunyar bin sa ba."

Abert shine sunan Tafkin Albert da ke South Dakota.  Kyaftin John C. Fremont ya ba wa Tafkin Abert da Abert Rim suna don girmama shi lokacin da tafiyarsa ta 1843 ta ratsa kudancin Oregon . An kuma sanya wa kuregen Abert sunan sa.

## Yara
'Ya'yan Abert sun haɗa da:

* James William Abert (1820–1897) soja, mai bincike, masanin tsuntsaye kuma mai zane-zanen yanayin ƙasa 
* Silvanus Thayer Abert (1828-1903), injiniyan farar hula 
* William Stretch Abert (1836–1867), soja 

## Manazarta