Ƙungiyoyin kare muhalli a Switzerland

Ƙungiyoyi masu yawa kuma(ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu) suna wakiltar **[[Gudanar da muhalli|ƙungiyoyin muhalli]] a** kasar **[[Switzerland]]**.

Yanayi ya kuma gabatar da siyasa tare da manufofin muhalli na Switzerland.

## Ƙungiyoyi
 
Ƙungiyoyi sun wanzu kuma suna aiki akan ma'auni na gida, kantonal, tarayya da na duniya. Ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na muhalli sun bambanta sosai a cikin ra'ayoyin siyasa da kuma yadda suke neman tasiri ga halaye da manufofin muhalli.

### na gwamnati

* Ofishin Tarayya na Muhalli (tun 1971)

### Na gwamnati

* Pro Natura (tun shekarata 1909, Sashen Abokan Duniya na Swiss tun 1995)  - mafi tsufa
* Ƙungiyar Swiss don Kare Tsuntsaye (tun 1922, Sashen *Swiss na BirdLife International* )
* Sashen Swiss na Asusun Duniya na Duniya (WWF Switzerland, tun shekarar 1961)   - mafi yawan mambobi
* Idon Jama'a (Bayanin Berne) (tun 1968)
* Ecology da Yawan Jama'a (tun 1971)
* Franz Weber Foundation (tun 1977)
* Ƙungiyar Sufuri da Muhalli na Swiss (tun 1979)
* Bio Suisse (tun 1981)
* Pro Specie Rara (tun 1982)
* Sashen Swiss na Greenpeace (tun 1984)  
* Alternative Bank Schweiz (tun 1990)
* Bruno Manser Foundation (tun 1992)
* Sashen Swiss na Green Cross International (tun 1994)
* Summit Foundation (tun 2001)
* Myclimate Foundation (tun 2002)
* Swiss Climate Alliance (haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyoyi 66, tun shekarata 2004)
** Category: Swiss Climate Alliance
* Matasan Swiss don Yanayi (tun 2015) 
* Ƙungiyar Swiss don Kare Yanayi (tun 2018)  

### Jam'iyyun siyasa

* Green Party of Switzerland (tun shekarata 1983) 
* Green Liberal Party of Switzerland (tun 2007) 

### Sauran ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa

* BreakFree [daga burbushin mai] Switzerland (tun shekarar 2016) 
* Yajin yanayi Switzerland (tun 2018) 
* Kashe Tawayen Switzerland (tun 2018) 

## manufofin doka don Muhalli

### Doka
A cikin shekarata 1874, an gabatar da wata kasida don kare gandun daji a cikin Tsarin Mulki na Tarayyar Switzerland.  A cikin shekarar 1962, an gabatar da labarin tsarin mulki don kariyar yanayi. 

A cikin shekarata 1967, Dokar Tarayya game da Kariya da Halittu da Al'adun gargajiya ta gabatar da musamman haƙƙin roko na ƙungiyoyin muhalli ("haƙƙin ɗaukaka", labarin 12) wanda ya ba duk ƙungiyoyin Swiss da ke da alaƙa da kariyar yanayi 'yancin tayar da gaba ɗaya ƙin yarda ko zuwa shigar da kara kan wasu ayyuka.   Haƙƙin ƙungiyoyin muhalli don ɗaukaka daga baya kuma an haɗa su a cikin Dokar Tarayya kan Kare Muhalli (1985, labarin 55  ) da Dokar Tarayya kan Fasahar Jini da Ba Bil Adama ba (2004, labarin 28  ). 

A cikin shekarata 1971, kashi 92.7 cikin 100 na masu jefa ƙuri'a sun amince da wata ka'idar tsarin mulki don kare muhalli (Mataki na 24, a halin yanzu sashi na 74 na kundin tsarin mulkin 1999) da Ofishin Tarayya na Muhalli, dazuzzuka da Tsarin ƙasa (wanda aka sake masa suna Ofishin Tarayya na Muhalli). a cikin 2006) an kafa shi (a matsayin ɓangare na Ma'aikatar Sufuri, Sadarwa da Makamashi ). 

An gabatar da Inventory na Tarayya na Filaye da Abubuwan Mota na Halitta a cikin shekarar 1977.

A ranar 21 ga Mayu shekarata 2017, kashi 58 cikin 100 na masu jefa kuri'a na Switzerland sun yarda da sabon Dokar Makamashi da ke kafa dabarun makamashi na 2050 (msar da makamashi ) da kuma hana gina sabbin tashoshin makamashin nukiliya. 

#### Shahararrun himma
An ƙaddamar da wasu mashahuran yunƙurin tarayya don ƙara kare muhalli . An kar~i da dama daga cikinsu: 

* Shahararriyar yunƙurin gwamnatin tarayya "don kariyar marsh" (" Rothenthurm initiative"), wanda kashi 57.8 cikin ɗari na masu jefa ƙuri'a suka karɓa a ranar 6 ga Disamba 1987. Domin kare dausayi . 
* Shahararriyar yunƙurin gwamnatin tarayya "dakatar da gina tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki (moratorium)", wanda kashi 54.5 cikin ɗari na masu jefa ƙuri'a suka karɓa a ranar 23 ga Satumba shekarata 1990. Tsawon shekaru goma na dakatar da gina sabbin tashoshin nukiliya. 
* Shahararriyar yunƙurin tarayya "don kare wuraren tsaunuka daga zirga-zirgar ababen hawa" ("Initiative na Alps "), wanda kashi 51.9 cikin ɗari na masu jefa ƙuri'a suka karɓa a ranar 20 ga Fabrairun 1994. Don kare yanayin Alpine daga mummunan tasirin zirga-zirga (duba kuma Ramin Gidan Gida na Gotthard ). 
* Shahararriyar shirin gwamnatin tarayya "don abincin da aka samar ba tare da injiniyan kwayoyin halitta ba", wanda kashi 55.7 cikin dari na masu jefa kuri'a suka amince da shi a ranar 27 ga Nuwamba shekarar 2005. Don dakatar da al'adar kwayoyin halitta da aka gyara . 
* Shahararriyar yunƙurin tarayya "don kawo ƙarshen ginin gidaje na biyu" (" Franz Weber initiative"), wanda kashi 50.6 cikin ɗari na masu jefa ƙuri'a suka karɓa a ranar 12 ga Maris 2012. Don rage bazuwar birane ta hanyar iyakance adadin gidaje na biyu (tare da kaso na kashi ashirin cikin ɗari a kowace gari ). 

## Duba wasu abubuwan

* 2000-watt al'umma
* Ƙungiyar yaƙi da makaman nukiliya a Switzerland
* Bio Suisse
* Energy a Switzerland
* Nature Parks a Switzerland
* Matakin fita daga jakunkunan filastik marasa nauyi (Switzerland)
* Sandoz sinadarai zube
* Gudanar da sharar gida a Switzerland

## Manazarta

## Tushe

*  Peter Knoepfel, Stéphane Nahrath, Jérôme Savary and Frédéric Varone, *Analyse des politiques suisses de l’environnement*, 2010 ( ).
*  René Longet, *Planète, sauvetage en cours*, third edition, collection « Le savoir suisse », Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes, 2016 ( ).
*  Philippe Roch, "Écologie en Suisse (histoire)", in Dominique Bourg and Alain Papaux , *Dictionnaire de la pensée écologique*, 2015  	( ).

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Environment in  German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
* Environmental movement in  German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
* Protection of nature in  German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.