open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Anne Thaxter Eaton

**Anne Thaxter Eaton** (Mayu 8, 1881, - Mayu 5, 1971) marubuciya Ba'amurke ce,mai bitar littattafai kuma ma'aikaciyar laburare na yara.Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai duba littafin yara a *[[New York Times|The New York Times]]*.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife shi a ranar 8 ga Mayu,1881,a Beverly,Massachusetts,Anne Thaxter Eaton 'yar Charles Henry ce da matarsa Jane M. Eaton.Ta girma a New York.Ta sami BA daga Kwalejin Smith a Massachusetts a farkon shekarun 1900.A 1906 ta sauke karatu da digiri na farko a kimiyyar laburare daga New York State Library School a Albany .Bayan shekaru ashirin, a 1926,ta kuma sami digiri na biyu a wannan, makarantar.

Bayan kammala karatun, a cikin 1906,ta fara aikinta na ƙwararru a matsayin ma'aikacin laburare a ɗakin karatu na Pruyn da ke Albany.Tsakanin 1910 zuwa 1917,ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar ma'aikacin ɗakin karatu a ɗakin karatu na Jami'ar Tennessee a Knoxville,Tennessee .Daga baya ta koma New York don zama ma’aikacin laburare na sabuwar kafa ta Lincoln School of the Teachers’ College a New York's Columbia University,kuma ta ci gaba har sai da ta yi ritaya a 1946.

A cikin 1932 Eaton ya zama mai bitar littafin yara a *The New York Times*,inda aka buga shafi na bitar littafin yara sati biyu tun daga 1930.Daga 1935 zuwa 1946,ta yi aiki a matsayin babban editan sashen yara na *The New York Times* tare da ma'aikatanta Ellen Lewis Buell.

Ta kuma yi aikin sa kai a Laburaren Makarantar St.Luke na tsawon fiye da shekaru ashirin.  A 1946,ta yi ritaya daga *The New York Times*.

Ta mutu a ranar 5 ga Mayu,1971,a New York.

Bayan nazarinta mai yawa na littattafan yara,Eaton ta rubuta litattafai da labarai da dama. Ta kuma hada lissafin karatu da tarihin tarihi.Wasu daga cikin littattafantasun haɗa da

## Manazarta
Beatrice Winser

**Beatrice Winser** (Maris 11, 1869 - Satumba 14, 1947) ma'aikaciyar dakin karatu ce Ba'amurke. Ta yi shekaru 53 a Newark Public Library a Newark,New Jersey kuma ita ce ma'aikacin dakin karatu na uku,daga 1929 zuwa 1942.

## Rayuwar farko
Winser shi ne ɗan fari na Henry Jacob Winser,ɗan jaridan jaridar Amurka kuma jami'in diflomasiyya,da Edith Cox Winser, 'yar likita Dr.Henry G.Cox da kanta mai ba da gudummawar jarida.Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haihuwar Winser a Newark,New Jersey,Henry Winser ya bar *[[New York Times|The New York Times]]* don matsayi a matsayin jakadan Saxe-Coburg da Gotha,wanda ya riƙe har zuwa 1881.Winser ya yi karatu a Jamus kuma ya koyi Turanci,Faransanci,da Jamusanci.

## Sana'a
Winser ya halarci Makarantar Laburare ta Jami'ar Columbia a 1888,makarantar laburare ta farko a Amurka,wacce Melvil Dewey ta kafa kuma ta fara buɗe wa ɗalibai a shekarar da ta gabata.Ta shiga Newark Public Library a matsayin Faransanci da Jamusanci a cikin 1889.A cikin 1894,ta zama mataimakiyar ɗakin karatu a ƙarƙashin Frank P. Hill,ma'aikacin ɗakin karatu na farko na Newark Public Library.Hill ya bar a cikin 1901 don gudanar da ɗakin karatu na Jama'a na Brooklyn,ya bar Winser mai kula da ɗakin karatu na tsawon watanni bakwai.Yayin da aka yarda cewa Winser ya cancanci aikin,masu dogara sun fi son ma'aikacin ɗakin karatu na matsayi kuma John Cotton Dana ya ɗauki matsayin a 1902. Duk da farkon rashin jin daɗi,Winser da Dana suna da kyakkyawar alaƙar aiki har mutuwarsa a 1929.A wannan lokacin,ta zama mace ta farko a Newark da ta shiga hukumar mulki a shekara ta 1915 ta zama memba na Hukumar Ilimi ta Newark.Ta kuma yi yakin neman hana mata yin aiki a dakunan karatu na soja a lokacin yakin duniya na daya,ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar kungiyar laburare ta New Jersey,daga 1907-1908 da 1921-1922,sannan a 1923 ta yi yakin adawa da dokar kwadago ta jiha da za ta hana mata yin aiki, a lokacin maraice hours.

## Manazarta
Bess Thomas

**Bessie Margaret Thomas** (14 Maris Alif dari takwas da casa'in da biyu 1892 - 7 Maris alif dari tara da sittin da takwas 1968) ma'aikaciyar dakin karatu ta Australiya ce ta Ingilishi da al'adun Kanada .A cikin 1945,an kafa dakin karatu na Municipal na Mosman kuma an ba Thomas mukamin babban ma'aikacin laburare,mace ta farko a New South Wales da ta sami wannan matsayi.

## Rayuwar farko
Thomas shine da na uku ga mahaifinta,Henry Charles Thomas.Ba da dadewa ba bayan haihuwarta,dangin sun kaura daga Ostiraliya zuwa Kanada, inda Thomas ta sami ilimi kuma ta horar da ita a matsayin ma'aikaciyar dakin karatu da sakatare.Bayan ya koma Toronto,Ontario,Thomas ta kasance ma'aikacin mataimakiyar laburare ta jami'arta tsakanin 1927 zuwa 1928 kuma daga baya ta koma Sydney bayan dan uwanta, Allworth da wani rahoto mai tasiri na sukar dakunan karatu na Australiya daga Ernest. Pitt.

## Gudunmawa ga aikin dakin karatu
A lokacin wani taro da Farfesa ER Holme ya jagoranta a watan Satumba na 1934,an yanke shawarar cewa Thomas da Edith Allworth, wadanda dukansu Yan dakin karatu ne na girmamawa,za su kafa dakin karatu na years a Mosman don habaka sha'awar yara kan adabi.Allworth da Thomas sun bude karamin dakin karatu ta amfani da gareji a gidan Allworth,tare da littattafai kusan 350 a farkon kafawar sa.Laburaren ya fara fadadawa kuma ya koma wani gini a bayan Makarantar Killarney,kawai ya sake komawa cikin 1943 bayan Sashen Ilimi da Horarwa na New South Wales ya samar da ginin.
Fola Francis

**Fola Francis** wata ' yar Nigeria ce mai zane - zane, mai aiki da kuma kasuwanci na LGBTQIA+ A shekarar 2022, ta zama 'yar Najeriya ta farko da ta yi tafiya a Makonnin Fashion na Legas don Cute-Saint da Fruché.  

## Manazarta
Kunle Ajibade

**Kunle Ajibade** (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga watan Mayun 1958) ɗan jaridar Najeriya ne, edita, kuma marubuci. A shekarar 1995, tare da Janar Olusegun Obasanjo, da wasu ƴan jarida uku, an ɗaure su a gidan yari bisa zargin cin amanar ƙasa. A cikin shekara ta 1998/1999, ya kasance abokin Feuchtwanger a Villa Aurora a Los Angeles.

## Ilimi da farkon aiki
Ajibade ya yi digirin farko a fannin Turanci da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin adabi-Turanci daga Jami’ar Obafemi Awolowo. Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai kawo rahoto ga The African Concord, Mataimakin Edita a The African Guardian, kuma a matsayin Babban Editan Jaridar, TheNEWS da PM News.

## Kama shi, daure shi, da sakin shi
A shekarar 1995, gwamnatin mulkin soja ta Sani Abacha ta sanar da kame wasu ƴan Najeriya da ake zargi da hannu a yunƙurin juyin mulki. Jerin sunayen sun haɗa da tsohon shugaban ƙasa Olusegun Obasanjo, mataimakinsa Shehu Musa Yar'Adua, da dai sauransu.

A yayin shari’ar waɗanda suka yi yunƙurin juyin mulkin, TheNews, ɗaya daga cikin fitattun jaridun Najeriya masu bincike da yaki da ta’addanci, ta buga wani labari mai suna “Ba Laifi ba – Rundunar Sojoji ta Kore waɗanda ake zargin sun yi juyin mulki”. Kuma duk da cewa a yanzu ba shi ne editan jaridar ba kamar yadda yake a farkon shekarar, saboda sunansa ya bayyana a kan mastalar, an yi niyyar kama Ajibade. 

An tuhume shi da laifin 'kayan buga littattafai da za su iya kawo cikas ga aikin kotun da suka yi yunƙurin ‘juyin mulki’ da kuma ‘bata jama'a’. Laifin ya kasance "'a matsayin mai shiga bayan gaskiyar cin amanar ƙasa" kuma hukuncin shine ɗaurin rai-da-rai a kurkuku. Wannan dai shi ne karon farko da za a yi wa ƴan jarida shari’a (da kuma hukunta su) da masu yunkurin juyin mulki a ƙasar. 

Sauran ƴan jaridar da aka kama a lokaci guda, sun haɗa da George Mbah na *Tell Magazine*, Chris Anyanwu na *Jaridar Sunday*, da Ben Obi na *Weekend Classique*. 

### Ɗauri
An yanke musu hukuncin ɗaurin ra rai-da-rai a gidan yari, yayin da aka yanke hukuncin kisa ga Ƴar’aduwa. An kai Ajibade gidan yarin Makurdi, a cewarsa-(Ajibade), “ya riga da, ya mutu”. 

An yi ta cece-kuce a duniya inda aka rage hukuncin ɗaurin talala na Ajibade zuwa shekaru 15.

### Saki
A ranar 8 ga watan Yunin 1998, Janar Abacha ya rasu a ofis. Janar Abdulsalami Abubakar ya saki Ajibade a ranar 18 ga watan Yuli na waccan shekarar.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Ajibade yana da aure, da ‘ya’ya 2.

## Littattafai
* 
* 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
* English PEN campaign page
Majalisar Koli ta Soja ta Najeriya (1966-1979)

**Majalisar koli ta soja** ita ce hukumar da ta mulki Najeriya bayan juyin mulkin shekarar 1966 har zuwa lokacin da aka rusa ta bayan zaɓen 1979 na 'yan majalisar dokoki da jamhuriya ta biyu ta Najeriya. Majalisar ƙoli ta soja ta kasance a Barikin Dodan a matsayin hedikwatar koli na soja (SMHQ) a Legas.

Bisa ga dokar tsarin mulki, wanda aka buga a Legas a ranar 17 ga Maris 1967, ikon majalisa da zartarwa ya kasance ga Majalisar Koli ta Sojoji. Shugaban majalisar ya kasance shugaban gwamnatin soja.

Majalisar ƙoli ta soja ta ƙunshi hakiman soji na yankin da shugaban mulkin soji na tarayyar Najeriya, da shugabannin sojojin Najeriya da na ruwa da na sama da babban hafsan soji da sufeto-janar na ‘yan sanda ko mataimakinsa.

Majalisar Koli ta Sojoji na iya ba da iko ga Majalisar Zartarwa ta Tarayya, wadda galibi ta ƙunshi kwamishinonin farar hula.

Shugaban majalisar ƙoli ta soja na farko shi ne Maj.-Gen. Yakubu Gowon, Babban Kwamandan Sojojin Najeriya. An maye gurbinsa da Murtala Muhammed (a shekarar 1975 ) da Olusegun Obasanjo (a 1976 ) a juyin mulki a jere.

Bayan juyin mulkin 1983 Muhammadu Buhari ya kafa wata majalisar koli ta soja wacce ta daɗe har zuwa juyin mulkin 1985.

## Membobi

Gwamnonin soji na jihohi goma sha biyuu, na tarayya sun kasance *tsofaffin* mambobin kwamitin.

## Sources
**The Europa World Year Book 1970*
Juyin mulki a Najeriya, 1985

**Juyin mulkin Nijeriya na 1985** juyin mulkin sojoji ne wanda ya faru a Nijeriya a ranar 27 ga watan Agustan 1985 lokacin da wani ɓangare na hafsoshin sojan ƙasa na tsakiya, ƙarƙashin jagorancin babban hafsan sojin kasa, Manjo-Janar Ibrahim Babangida, ya hambarar da gwamnatin Manjo Janar Muhammadu Buhari (wanda shi kansa Buhari, ya karɓi mulki a juyin mulkin 1983). Daga nan aka tsare Buhari a birnin Benin har zuwa 1988. Babangida ya ba da hujjar juyin mulkin da cewa Buhari ya gaza shawo kan matsalolin tattalin arzikin ƙasar ta hanyar aiwatar da Buharin, ya kuma yi alkawarin " farfado da tattalin arzikin da aka lalata a shekaru da dama na rashin gudanar da gwamnati da cin hanci da rashawa". Daga nan sai Babangida ya maye gurbin Majalisar Koli ta Sojoji (SMC) da sabuwar Majalisar Sojojin Soja (AFRC), wacce ta daɗe har zuwa 1993. Gwamnatin ta tsira daga yunkurin juyin mulki a shekarar 1986 da 1990.

## Manazarta
Belle da Costa Greene

**Belle da Costa Greene** (Nuwamba 26, 1879 &#x2013; Mayu 10,1950) ma'aikacin laburare Ba'amurke ne wanda ya gudanar da haɓaka ɗakin karatu na JP Morgan na sirri.Bayan mutuwar Morgan a 1913,Greene ya ci gaba da zama mai kula da ɗakin karatu ga ɗansa,Jack Morgan,kuma a cikin 1924 an nada shi darekta na farko na Laburaren Pierpont Morgan.Duk da haifaffen iyayen Baƙar fata,Greene ta kashe ƙwararrun sana'arta ta wucewa ga fararen fata .

## Manazarta
Berta Golob

**Berta Golob** (an haife shi 9 ga Agusta 1932)marubuci ne kuma mawaƙi ɗan Slovene,malami mai ritaya kuma ma’aikacin ɗakin karatu. 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Golob a Struževo wanda yanzu ke cikin Kranj a cikin 1932.Ta yi karatun Slavistics a Jami'ar Ljubljana kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin malami da kuma ɗakin karatu.Ita ce kwararriyar marubuciyar littattafan yara, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan galibi kan batutuwan addini kuma ta buga tarin wakoki guda hudu wadanda su ma suna da jigo na addini.

A shekara ta 1982 ta lashe lambar yabo ta Levstik don littafinta mai suna *Žive besede* (Living Words).

## Manazarta
Babar Nawaz Khan

**Babar Nawaz Khan** ( , an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Agustan 1986), ɗan siyasan Pakistan ne wanda ya kasance memba a Majalisar Dokokin Pakistan, daga watan Nuwambar 2015 zuwa watan Mayun 2018. An haifi Babar Nawaz Khan ga wani Hindko mai magana da Utmanzai Patan dangin Hazara a Haripur, Pakistan, a cikin shekarar 1986. Shi ne Ɗan Babban Jagora "Shaheed e Awam" Akhtar Nawaz Khan.Khyberpakhtunkhwa ne da ake kira Utman Upper Keya Khabal Area a yanzu a Haripur.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haife shi a Haripur a shekara ta 1986. Ya yi karatu a Jinnah Jame High School & College kuma ya sami FSC (Pre Engineering Degree) daga Board of Intermediate Abbottabad.

## Harkokin siyasa
Ya tsaya takarar kujerar Majalisar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa a matsayin ɗan takara mai zaman kansa daga Mazaɓar PK-50 (Haripur-II) a zaɓen fidda gwani da aka gudanar a watan Janairun 2014, amma bai yi nasara ba. Ya samu ƙuri'u 24,000 sannan ya sha kaye a hannun Akbar Ayub Khan . 

An zaɓi Khan a matsayin ɗan majalisar dokokin Pakistan a matsayin ɗan takarar jam'iyyar Pakistan Muslim League (N) daga Mazaɓar NA-19 (Haripur) a zaɓen da aka gudanar a watan Agustan 2015. Ya samu ƙuri'u 137,700 sannan ya doke ɗan takarar Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf . A lokacin da yake zama ɗan majalisar dokokin ƙasar, ya taɓa riƙe muƙamin shugaban zaunannen kwamitin kula da haƙƙin ɗan Adam na majalisar. Babar Nawaz Khan ya sami goyon bayan kashi 50% na kuri'un matasa daga Haripur. Shima mawaki Rafaqat Ali awan yayi wa Babar Nawaz Khan waka domin ya bashi goyon baya a Zaɓen 2018 na gaba ɗaya.

A babban zaɓen Pakistan na shekarar 2018, Omar Ayub Khan ya doke ɗan takarar PML-N, Babar Nawaz Khan, inda ya sake zama ɗan majalisar wakilai ta ƙasa daga Mazaɓar NA-17 (Haripur) a matsayin ɗan takarar PTI.

Babbar nasarar da Babar Nawaz Khan ya samu a mulkinsa daga shekarar 2015 zuwa ta 2018 ita ce samar da iskar Sui Gas zuwa kauyuka sama da 600 na Haripur. Khan ya kasance ɗan majalisa mafi ƙarancin shekaru a lokacin tsohuwar gwamnati.

## Manazarta
Mahmoud Abdel-Aty

**Mahmoud Abdel-Aty** ɗan ƙasar Masar ne kuma farfesa ne  a fannin lissafi da kimiyyar bayanai a Jami'ar Sohag da Sashen Lissafi a  Zewail City of Science, Technology and Innovation. Zaɓaɓɓen memba ne kuma tsohon mataimakin shugaban kwalejin kimiyya na Afirka ta Arewa, shugaban kwamitin ƙasa na Masar na ƙungiyar lissafin kasa da kasa, da kuma darektan cibiyar hulɗar ƙasa da ƙasa a jami'ar Sohag.  

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Mahmoud Abdel-Aty a ranar 6 ga watan Nuwamba (1967).  Ya samu digirinsa na farko B.Sc. da Kyakkyawan sakamako tare da Daraja, a cikin shekarar 1990 daga Jami'ar Assiut, Misira. Ya sami digirinsa  na biyu a fannin lissafi daga Jami'ar Assiut a shekarar (1995)  Ya samu Ph.D. a cikin Aiwatar Lissafi da Bayanin Kuɗi daga Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics a cikin shekarar (1999) kuma ya karɓi D.Sc. a fannin lissafi da kimiyyar lissafi daga Jami'ar Ƙasa ta Uzbekistan a shekarar 2007.

## Sana'a
Mahmoud Abdel-Aty ya fara aikinsa a matsayin mataimakin malami a jami'ar Assiut (1990-1995).  Ya kasance malami a Jami'ar Kudancin Valley a shekarun 1995 har zuwa 1997, lokacin da ya bar karatun digirinsa a Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Munich.  Ya zama mataimakin farfesa a shekarar 1999 a Jami'ar South Valley.  Bayan kammala karatun digiri a Jami'ar Flensburg daga shekarun 2001 zuwa 2003, ya zama mataimakin farfesa a Jami'ar South Valley a shekarar 2004.  Ya zama cikakken farfesa a Jami'ar Sohag a shekarar 2009.  Shi ne shugaban da ya kafa Sashen Lissafin Lissafi, a birnin Zewail na Kimiyya da Fasaha (2013-2017).   A cikin shekarar 2017, ya zama shugaban Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya da Nazarin Digiri a Jami'ar Kimiyya ta Applied, Bahrain kuma daga shekarun 2018 har zuwa yanzu, shi ne Daraktan Cibiyar Hulɗa ta Duniya, a Jami'ar Sohag.

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa
A shekara ta 2003, Abdel-Aty ya sami lambar yabo ta Jiha don ƙarfafa ilimin lissafi.   A cikin 2005, ya sami lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Duniya ta Uku akan Lissafi.  A cikin shekarar 2007 ya karbi lambar yabo ta Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation ga masu binciken Larabawa a fannin lissafi da kimiyyar kwamfuta   A cikin shekarar 2009, Cibiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Masar ta ba shi lambar yabo ta Fayza Al-Kharafi a fannin Physics.  A cikin shekarar 2011, ya sami lambar yabo ta Jiha don Karfafawa a Kimiyyar Kimiyya ta Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Masar. 

A cikin shekarar 2018, ya karɓi kyautar Mohamed bin Rashed don mafi kyawun yunƙuri a cikin manufofin harshe da tsare-tsare wanda Gidauniyar Mohamed bin Rashed ta bayar.

## Manazarta
Ahmed Gomaa Ahmed Radwan

**Ahmed Gomaa Ahmed Radwan** farfesa ne a  Fasahar Injiniya da Kimiyyar Aiyuka a Faculty of Engineering, a Jami'ar Alkahira, Masar. Zaɓaɓɓen memba ne na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Afirka, kuma babban memba a Cibiyar Injiniyoyi da Lantarki. Ya kasance tsohon darektan cibiyar Nanoelectronics Integrated Systems Center na Jami'ar Nile, kuma Daraktan Cibiyar Fasaha da Ci gaban Sana'a (TCCD), Jami'ar Alkahira.   A halin yanzu shi ne Shugaban riko na Bincike da Ayyukan Tallafawa, a Jami'ar Nile, Masar.

 

## Ilimi
Ahmed Gomaa Ahmed Radwan ya halarci Jami'ar Alkahira daga B. SC zuwa matakin PhD. Ya samu digirin sa na B. SC a fannin Sadarwar Lantarki a shekarar 1997.  Bayan shekaru biyu, ya kara digirin difloma a fannin lissafin Injiniya (1999) sannan ya kammala karatunsa na M. Sc a Injiniya Mathematics a shekarar 2002. Ya sami digirin digirgir a fannin lissafin Injiniya a shekarar 2006. 

## Kyaututtuka da membobinsu
A cikin shekarar 2003, ya lashe kyautar mafi kyawun karatun digiri (2001-2004) a Faculty of Engineering-Jami'ar Alkahira, Masar.  A cikin shekarar 2011, ya lashe lambar yabo ta 2 mafi kyawun takarda a taron kasa da kasa na microelectronics (ICM) a Tunis.  A cikin shekarar 2012, an ba shi matsayin babban memba na IEEE.  A wannan shekarar ne aka ba shi lambar yabo ta jihar.  A cikin shekarar 2013, ya ci lambar yabo ta Kimiyyar Jiki a Gasar wallafe-wallafe ta Duniya ta shekarar 2013 ta Cibiyar Misr El-Khair  A cikin wannan shekarar, ya sami lambar yabo na nasarorin Jami'ar Alkahira,  A cikin shekarar 2014, an zaɓe shi a matsayin memba a cikin majalisar kimiyya ta farko ta Cibiyar Ci gaban Kimiyya, Fasaha da Ƙirƙirar Masarawa (ECASTI). A shekarar 2016, ya lashe kyautar Farfesa Mohamed Amin Lotfy.  A cikin shekarar 2018, ya sami lambar yabo ta jiha ta farko na kimiyya da fasaha kuma a cikin shekarar 2019, ya sami lambar yabo ta jiha sannan kuma ya lashe lambar yabo ta scopus a fannin injiniya da fasaha.&#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Manazarta
Rajona Andriamananjara

**Rajaona Andriamananjara** FAAS FTWAS (ɗaya 1 ga watan Disambar, shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da arba'in da uku 1943 zuwa talatin 30 ga watan Satumba, shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha shida 2016) farfesa ne a fannin ilimin zamantakewa dana kasar attalin arziki na Malagasy.   Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma darakta-janar na Cibiyar Tsare-tsare  ta Malagasy sannan kuma shugaban Kwalejin Fasaha, Wasika da Kimiyya ta Madagascar (AcNALS).   

## Ilimi
An haifi Andriamananjara a ranar ɗaya 1 ga watan Disamba, shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da arba'in da uku 1943 a Ambatomena, Madagascar.  Bayan digirinsa na farko daga Jami'ar Princeton a shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da sittin da shida (1966),  Andriamananjara ya sami digiri na biyu na Masters a Harkokin Kasa da Kasa da Tattalin Arziki daga Jami'ar George Washington da Jami'ar Michigan a shekarun alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da sittin da bakwai 1967, da shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da sittin da tara 1969 bi da bi. Ya samu digirin digirgir daga jami’ar karshe a shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da saba'in da ɗaya (1971).  

## Sana'a
Andriamananjara ya yi aiki a matsayin masanin tattalin arziki tare da Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya. Ya kuma yi aiki da gwamnatin Madagaska a matsayin mai ba da shawara a sashen tsare-tsare, da babban darakta mai kula da tsare-tsare a ma'aikatar kuɗi da tsare-tsare, da kuma wanda ya kafa babban darakta na cibiyar fasahar kere-kere ta Madagascar.   Ya kasance memba na&nbsp;Kwamitin Ɗa'a na Malagasy na Kimiyya da Fasaha (CMEST) da kuma shugaban Kwalejin Fasaha, Wasika da Kimiyya ta Madagascar.  

## Mutuwa
Andriamananjara ya mutu da ciwon daji na pancreatic a ranar talatin 30 ga watan Satumba, shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha shida 2016. 

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa
An zaɓi Andriamananjara a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya na Afirka a shekarar alif dubu biyu da shida 2006,  da Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Duniya a shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma 2010.  Ya kasance memba na Kwamitin Ɗa'a na Malagasy da Kimiyya da Fasaha (CMEST) kuma shine shugaban Kwalejin Fasaha, Wasika da Kimiyya ta Madagascar shekarar alif dubu biyu da biyu zuwa dubu biyu da goma sha shida (2002-2016).   

Andriamananjara ya sami lambar yabo ta Madagascar Knight of the Order of Merit, da AFGRAD Alumni Awards wanda Cibiyar Amurka  ta gabatar. 

## wallafe-wallafen da aka zaɓa

* **Andriamananjara, R.** (1973). *Tattaunawar Ma'aikata a Maroko*. Jaridar Nazarin Zamani na Afirka, 11 (1), 145-151. 
* Andriamanerasoa, Nirina, and **Rajaona Andriamananjara**. "ZUBA UN DÉVELOPPEMENT AU SERVICE DES MASSES DES PAYS SOUS-DÉVELOPPÉS". Revue Tiers Monde, vol. 18, ba. 71, 1977, shafi.&nbsp;481-92. JSTOR 
* **Rajaona Andriamananjara**: *Haɗin Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki A Madagascar, (1950–1990)*. 

## Manazarta
Bessie Boehm Moore

**Bessie Grace Boehm Moore** (Agusta 2,1902 - Oktoba 24,shekarar alif 1995)malami ne Ba'amurke daga Arkansas. Ta kasance mai ba da shawara na rayuwa don ƙara kuɗi da tallafi ga ɗakunan karatu kuma ta yi aiki a Hukumar Lantarki ta Arkansas na shekaru 38. A cikin shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da casa’in da tara 1999, *Dakunan karatu na Amurka* sun sanya mata suna daya daga cikin "Mafi Muhimman Shugabanni 100 da Muke da su a Karni na 20".

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Bessie Boehm Moore a watan Agusta 2,shekarar alif 1902,a Owensboro,Kentucky,amma ya girma kusa da Mountain View, Arkansas.Mahaifiyarta ’yar shekara 17 ta rasu jim kadan bayan ta haihu,kuma mahaifinta,Edgar Boehm,ya kai ta gidan wata goggo inda ta girma.Tana da shekaru 14,ta sami takardar shaidar koyarwa kuma ta fara koyarwa a makarantar gwamnati a ƙauyen St.James,Arkansas.Lokacin da ta isa St. James a jajibirin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya,ta sami wata alama da aka zazzage a ƙofar gidan makaranta "Mu ant agonna ba mu da malaman Jamus a nan." Duk da bai dace da hakan ba, barazanar ta dame ta,amma ta zare alamar ta fara aiki.Ta sami BA a fannin ilimi daga Kwalejin Malamai ta Jihar Arkansas a shekarar alif 1942.

### Sana'a
Ta sami karbuwa a bangaren ilimi kuma duk da cewa ba ta da wani mukami har zuwa wannan lokacin jami'ai sun gayyace ta zuwa majalisarsu kuma suka gayyace ta don yin magana. Sa’ad da take ƙaramar shekara 24,ta kasance cikin Kwamitin Kasa don Bikin Sesquicentennial na Amurka. A cikin shekarar alif 1934,an nada ta a matsayin mai Kula da Makarantun Nursery,sannan aka nada ta a matsayin mai Kula da Ilimin Elementary na Arkansas a cikin shekarar alif 1939 har zuwa shekarar alif 1944.

A cikin shekarar alif 1963,an zaɓi Bessie ya zama shugaban Hukumar Cibiyar Jama'a ta Ozark a Mountain View,Arkansas. Cibiyar ita ce kawai irinta. A cikin shekarar alif 1965,Shugaba Lyndon B.Johnson ya ba ta zama memba ga Hukumar Ba da Shawarwari ta Ƙasa kan Laburare a shekarar alif 1965."Majalisar Jihar Arkansas akan Ilimin Tattalin Arziki ta kafa a shekarar alif 1962 tare da Bessie a matsayin Babban Darakta daga shekarar alif 1962 zuwa shekarar alif 1979."

## Manazarta
Betty Mary Goetting

**Betty Mary Goetting** ( *née* Smith 1897-1980) ma'aikaciyar dakin karatu ce Ba'amurke,shugabar jama'a  kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata.An san ta don kawo Tsarin Iyaye zuwa El Paso,Texas.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Goetting 1897 a Jefferson,Texas .Ita da danginta sun ƙaura zuwa El Paso a 1910.A 1913,ta fara aiki a El Paso Public Library kuma ta kasance kusa da ma'aikacin ɗakin karatu,Maud Durlin Sullivan.A cikin 1915,ta sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta El Paso sannan ta tafi California don halartar Makarantar Sabis na Laburare na Riverside a 1917.

An nada Goetting a matsayin mataimaki a Laburaren Magana na New York a 1918.Yayin da yake a New York,Goetting ya shiga cikin gwagwarmayar neman mata da kuma motsin hana haihuwa.Ta koma El Paso a 1919 kuma ta auri Charles A.Goetting.

Goetting ya shiga cikin ƙungiyoyin jama'a tun daga 1920s. Wasu daga cikin shigarta a duniyar zamantakewa don nishaɗi ne kawai,kamar Asabar Bridge Club.Goetting yana da wasu bukatu,kamar tarihi da karatu.Ta kirkiro kulob na farko na littafi a El paso kuma ta kafa Ƙungiyar Tarihi a El Paso a cikin 1926.Daga baya,ta zama memba na kungiyar El Paso Historical Society (EPHS).Ta kasance mai kula da EPHS sama da shekaru 15.Ta kasance mai yawan ba da gudummawa ga wasiƙarsu, *Passwords*.

Goetting ya sadu da Margaret Sanger a cikin 1937 lokacin da ta yi magana "ga wani gida mai cike da abinci" a Paso del Norte Hotel. Sanger da Goetting sun kasance kusa, Goetting yana yawan karbar ta a gidanta. Goetting ya gane buƙatar sabis na kula da haihuwa a El Paso kuma yana so ya fara asibiti.Ta fara neman kayan haya,amma "da zarar masu mallakar kadarorin sun san abin da za a yi amfani da su,farashin ya ninka."Tare da taimakon danginta,limaman coci da likitoci da yawa ta ƙarshe ta kafa asibitin farko a 1937,wanda ake kira Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Uwar El Paso(daga baya Cibiyar Iyaye ta El Paso.)By 1938,sun taimaka wa marasa lafiya 731 a cikin kasa da shekara guda. Sanger ya rubuta wa Goetting wannan shekarar,yana yaba aikinta.1939,sun canza suna zuwa Cibiyar Kula da Haihuwa ta El Paso.A cikin 1940,ta taimaka bude asibitin axillary a 1940 kuma zuwa 1954,tana da wurare uku kuma dukkansu suna da alaƙa da Planned Parenthood of America.

A cikin 1966,an ba ta lambar yabo ta kasa Margaret Sanger don aikinta na inganta rigakafin haihuwa.A cikin 1970,ta sami lambar yabo ta shugaban ƙasa don aikinta na mai kula da EPHS. Goetting ya ci gaba da gwagwarmaya don samun damar mata don samun damar haihuwa har zuwa mutuwarta a 1980.A cikin 2009,An shigar da Goetting a cikin Hall of Honor,wanda El Paso County Historical Society ya gabatar.

## Manazarta
Brenda Rawnsley

**Brenda Rawnsley** (31 Yuli 1916 - 25 Yuni 2007)ɗan gwagwarmayar fasaha ne na Biritaniya wanda ya ƙirƙira kuma ya gudanar da sabon tsarin Buga Makaranta wanda ya ba da zane-zane ga makarantun firamare.An yi mata ado don hidimarta a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu .

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Brenda Mary Rawnsley (née Hugh-Jones)a ranar 31 ga Yuli 1916 a Oxford, Oxfordshire.Ta yi karatu a Makarantar Sarauniya Anne,Caversham,kafin ta sami gurbin karatu a Jami'ar Oxford .

## Sana'a

### Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu
A cikin 1939 Rawnsley ya shiga sashin horo na Jami'in ATS Cadet,amma ba da daɗewa ba ya bar aiki da Ma'aikatar Yakin Tattalin Arziƙi a London.A cikin 1941 ta zama Jami'ar Mataimakin Sojan Sama na Matakuma an buga ta a waje,tana aiki a Heliopolis,RAF Ramleh a Falasdinu,Alexandria da Algiers.Daga baya,a Ingila,ta yi aiki tare da Duncan Sandys yin hasashen yanayin tashin bama-bamai (V1s)da roka (V2s).A cikin watan Yunin 1945 ta gudanar da aikin leken asiri zuwa masana'antar bama-bamai ta Jamus a tsaunin Harz.A cikin 1945 Rawnsley,a yanzu Shugaban Squadron,ya bar hidimar tare da lambobin yabo da yawa. 

### Buga Makaranta
A cikin 1935 mijin Rawnsley na gaba,Derek Rawnsley,ya kafa Hotuna Hire Limited da School Prints Limited. Tsohuwar ta ba da lamuni ta asali tana aiki ga gidaje masu zaman kansu yayin da School Prints Ltd ta ɗauki hayar zuwa makarantun sakandare.A lokacin yakin,bayan mutuwar Derek a 1943,mataimakiyar Derek,Dorothy Bland ce ke kula da Makarantar Prints Ltd.

A cikin 1945 Rawnsley ya karbi ragamar tafiyar da Makarantar Prints Ltd kuma ya ɗauki shawara daga masanin tarihi Herbert Read. Ta fara wani sabon aiki na ba da takardun asali na lithographs don yin hayar makarantun firamare.A cikin 1946 ta aika wasiƙu zuwa ga ɗimbin masu fasaha na Biritaniya:“Muna samar da jerin litattafai na auto-lithographs… don amfani da su a makarantu,a matsayin hanyar baiwa yaran makaranta fahimtar fasahar zamani.Ta hanyar rage farashin a matsayin mai sauƙi, za mu iya kawo wannan shirin… a cikin isa ga dukkan Hukumomin Ilimi. " 

An nemi zaɓaɓɓun masu fasaha da su samar da lithograph ta amfani da launuka da bai wuce shida ba,don taimakawa wajen samarwa da yawa.Masu zane-zane a cikin jerin bugu biyu na farko da aka samar a cikin 1946 da 1947 sun haɗa da John Nash (Gbibi,1947),Feliks Topolski,John Skeaping,David Gentleman,Edwin La Dell (Hasumiyar London,1945), Hans Feibusch,LS Lowry (Punch and Judy,1946),Michael Rothenstein,Julian Trevelyan (Harbour,1946) da John Tunnard.Thomas Griffiths da Baynard Press ne suka buga lithographs daga dutse ko faranti na zinc.

A cikin 1947 Rawnsley ya tashi zuwa Faransa kuma ya shawo kan Pablo Picasso (Composition, 1948)Georges Braque,Henri Matisse,Fernand Léger da Raoul Dufy don samar da lithographs don tsarin Buga Makaranta. An ƙaddamar da  a cikin 1949,wanda ya ƙunshi bugu shida,mai zane na ƙarshe shine Henry Moore (Abubuwan sassaƙa,1949).

## Manazarta
Brooke E. Sheldon

**Brooke E. Sheldon** ma’aikacin laburare ne kuma malami dan kasar Amurka wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kungiyar laburare ta Amurka daga 1983 zuwa 1984.

## Sana'a
An haife shi a Lawrence,Massachusetts,Sheldon kuma ya girma a Nova Scotia .Ta sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Cambridge da Latina Cambridge, Massachusetts kafin ta koma Nova Scotia don halartar Jami'ar Acadia a matsayin dalibi.Ta sami digiri na biyu a kimiyyar laburare daga Kwalejin Simmons da digiri na uku daga Jami'ar Pittsburgh.Ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar ɗakin karatu a ɗakin karatu na jama'a na Detroit,da Albuquerque Public Library, da Santa Fe Public Library, da kuma a New Mexico da kuma Alaska dakunan karatu na jihar.

Sheldon kuma ya yi aiki a makarantun laburare da yawa a matsayin memba na baiwa.Ta fara aiki a matsayin shugabar kuma mai gabatar da kara na makarantar laburare ta Jami'ar Mata ta Texas.Daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Jami'ar Texas a Makarantar Watsa Labarai ta Austin kuma a matsayin darektan wucin gadi kuma farfesa na Makarantar Bayanai ta Jami'ar Arizona da Kimiyyar Laburare.Ta kuma koyar a makarantun laburare na Jami'ar Jihar San Jose da Jami'ar Alberta bayan ta yi ritaya a hukumance.

Daga 1983 zuwa 1984,Sheldon ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Ƙungiyar Laburare ta Amurka,ƙungiyar ɗakin karatu mafi tsufa kuma mafi girma a duniya.A tsawon lokacin aikinta,ta buga littattafai da yawa game da karatun karatu,kamar *Gudanarwar Ma'aikata a cikin Ƙananan Laburaren Jama'a* (1980),*Shugabanni a Laburare: Salo da Dabarun Nasara* (1991),da *Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru,Ka'idar da Aiki: Librarian's Jagoran Zama Jagora* (2010).

A ranar 11 ga Fabrairu,2013, Sheldon ya mutu daga ciwon daji na uterine.

## Manazarta
Camila Alire

**Camila Alire** ma'aikaciyar laburare ce Ba'amurke kuma ta kasance shugabar Ƙungiyar Laburare ta Amurka daga 2009 zuwa 2010.Ita ce shugabar Hispanic ta farko ta ALA.Ta kasance a baya shugabar REFORMA,Ƙungiyar Ƙasa don Inganta Laburare da Sabis na Bayani ga Latinos da Mutanen Espanya,a cikin 1993-1994.

Alire babban malami ne a Jami'ar New Mexicoda Jami'ar Jihar Colorado.Ita ce kuma tsohuwar shugabar ɗakunan karatu a Jami'ar Colorado a Denver.Ta yi aiki a matsayin farfesa na aiki don shirin PhD na Kwalejin Simmons a cikin jagorancin gudanarwa a cikin ƙwararrun bayanai kuma a matsayin babban farfesa a shirin MLIS na Jami'ar Jihar San Jose.A cikin 2011 Ƙungiyar Laburare ta Amurka ta karrama ta da lambar yabo ta Lippincott don hidimar bangaranci ga sana'ar ɗakin karatu.

A cikin 2012 Shugaba Barack Obama ya nada Alire a matsayin memba na Majalisar Kasa kan Harkokin Dan Adam.Nadin nata ya fara ne a ranar 7 ga Janairu,2013 kuma ya ƙare ranar 26 ga Janairu,2018.

A watan Yuni 2019,Alire ya karɓi lambar yabo ta Elizabeth Martinez (labarai)Kyautar Nasara ta Rayuwa (LAA) ta REFORMA.&#x5B; &#x5D; **  ce da aka ƙirƙira don gane waɗanda suka sami ƙwararru ’yan Adam waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga REFORMA,da kuma Latino.al'ummomin Mutanen Espanya.

## Littafi Mai Tsarki
"Tsarin Gudanarwa" tare da G.Edward Evans.ALA Editions (2013).

## Manazarta
Abdellatif Berbich

**Abdellatif Berbich** FAAS ( , 17 Mayu 1942-1 Janairu 2015) farfesa ne a fannin likitancin ciki. Shi ne wanda ya kafa Shugaban Kamfanin Nephrology na Moroccan, Sakatare na dindindin na Kwalejin Masarautar Morocco, da Jakadan Maroko a Algiers.   

## Ilimi
An haifi Berbich a Fez, Morocco a ranar 17 ga watan Mayu, (1934). Ya halarci makarantun Moulay Youssef da Gouraud don yin karatunsa na sakandare. Ya sami digiri na uku a fannin likitanci a shekarar (1961) daga Jami'ar Montpellier. Tsakanin shekarun 1962 zuwa 1964, ya zama ƙwararre a cikin Nephrology da farfadowa na likita a Cibiyar Asibitin Jami'ar Paris (Asibitin Necker).     

## Sana'a
A cikin shekarar 1967, Berbich associate farfesa ne a fannin likitanci a Jami'ar Rabat kuma a cikin shekarar 1968, ya zama babban likitan asibitin Ibn Sina-Avicenne. A wannan shekarar, an naɗa shi a matsayin shugaban tsangayar ilimin likitanci na Jami'ar Rabat har zuwa shekara ta 1974. A shekarar 1982, ya zama sakataren din-din-din na Masarautar Morocco kuma a shekarar 1988 ya zama jakadan kasar Morocco a Algiers.    

A cikin watan Oktoba 1968, ya zama Darakta na farko na dashen koda a Maroko kuma a cikin shekarar 1973, ya kirkiro hemodialysis na farko a Maroko.   

## Zama memba
An zaɓi Berbich a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya na Afirka a shekarar 1986.  Shi memba ne wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar Moroccan ƙungiyoyin kimiyyar likita da nephrology, memba na Faransanci da ƙungiyoyin Nephrology na duniya, Ƙungiyar  Magungunan Ciki ta Faransa, da Cibiyar Nazarin Likita ta Faransa.   

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa
Berbich ya sami lambar yabo ta Hassi Beida Medal da lambar yabo ta Star of War a shekarar 1963, Kwamandan Royal Victorian Order a shekarar 1987, Kwamandan Tsarin Farko da Wasika na Faransa a shekarar 1989, Kwamandan Order of the throne  na Morocco a shekarar (1989) da kuma Kwamandan Rundunar Sojoji 2000. An kuma ba shi kwamandan odar girmamawa a Spain, Jamus, Denmark, Italiya, Portugal da Senegal.   

An ba shi lambar yabo ta Throne, Babban jami'in Maroko a shekarar 2015.   

## Mutuwa
Berbich ya mutu a Rabat, Morocco a ranar 1 ga watan Janairu 2015 yana da shekaru 80, kuma an binne shi a makabartar Shahidai.   

## Duba kuma

* Faïrouz Malek
* Farida Fasi

## Manazarta
Fadwa Taha

**Fadwa Abd al-Rahman Ali Taha** ( ; An haife ta a ranar 23 ga watan Oktoba shekarar 1955 a Arbaji, Jihar Gezira, Sudan) farfesa ce a Sashen Tarihi, a Jami'ar Khartoum. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa

### Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Fadwa Abd al-Rahman Ali Taha a Arbaji, Jihar Gezira, a ranar 23 ga watan Oktoba shekarar 1955, kuma ta girma a can. Ta kasance ƙwararriyar masaniyar tarihi wacce ta sami digiri na farko a fannin fasaha a shekarar 1979, Master of Arts a shekarar 1982, PhD a shekarar 1987, duk daga Jami'ar Khartoum. Daga baya ta sami Master of Art a fannin fassara, a cikin shekarar 2002, ban da digiri na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Bergen a Norway  a shekarar 2004. 

### Sana'a
Fadwa ta shiga Jami’ar Khartoum a matsayin mataimakiyar mai koyarwa a shekarar (1979), ta zama malama a shekarar (1997) mataimakiyar farfesa a shekarar (1992) mataimakiyar farfesa a shekarar 2000 sannan ta zama cikakkiyar farfesa a shekarar 2012. A shekara ta 2010, ta zama editan Jaridar Faculty of Arts a Jami'ar Khartoum, kuma an naɗa ta a matsayin Shugabar Sashen Tarihi. A shekarar 2007, ta zama mataimakiyar shugaban tsangayar karatun digiri.  Daga baya ta koma Saudi Arabiya kuma a shekara ta 2010 don zama alhakin inganci, bincike da nazarin kimiyya a Kwalejin Ilimi a Hafr Al-Batin.  An naɗa ta shugabar Jami'ar Khartoum a watan Oktobar 2019.  

Fadwa ta shiga cikin juyin juya halin Sudan a shekarar 2019, wanda ya kawo karshen gwamnatin Omar al-Bashir. Ta kuma taka rawa a tattaunawar da aka yi tsakanin dakarun 'yanci da sauyi da majalisar soji, wacce ta maye gurbin gwamnatin al-Bashir jim kaɗan bayan juyin mulkin. Majalisar rikon kwarya ta ƙasa ce ke jagorantar ƙasar a lokacin rikon kwarya har sai an shirya wani sabon zaɓe da kuma kafa zababbiyar gwamnati.  Bayan da bangarorin biyu suka cimma matsaya guda a ranar 5 ga watan Yuli shekarar 2019.   An gayyace ta ta shiga majalisar amma ta ki. 

Ta yi murabus a watan Nuwamba shekarar 2021 don nuna adawa da yarjejeniyar maido da Abdalla Hamdok a matsayin Firayim Minista bayan juyin mulkin Sudan na 2021.

### Rayuwa ta sirri
Fadwa tana auren Al-Miqdad Ahmed Ali kuma suna da ‘ya’ya biyu; Hatem, wanda ya yi karatu a School of Administrative Sciences, Jami'ar Khartoum, da Ezzat, wanda ya kammala karatunsa a Sashin Lantarki a jami'a guda. 

## Manazarta
Mubarak Shaddad

**Mubarak al-Fadil Shaddad** ( ;1915–1980s  ) kwararre ne kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan ƙasar Sudan. Ya yi aiki a matsayin kwararre a fannin likitancin mata, daga karshe ya zama darakta a asibitin koyarwa na Omdurman . Ya taka rawa sosai a cikin kungiyar likitocin Sudan kuma ya taka rawa a cikin shahararren juyin juya halin Oktoba na 1964, yana ba da shawarar kawo sauyi na siyasa a Sudan. Shaddad ya yi aiki a majalisar mulkin Sudan ta biyu kuma ya rike mukamin shugaban kasa a takaice. Ya kuma shugabanci majalisar wakilai amma juyin mulki ya kifar da shi a shekarar 1969 .

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Mubarak Al-Fadil Shaddad a shekara ta 1915 a garin Barah na kasar Sudan .  Ya kammala Diploma a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kitchener a 1934 sannan ya yi aiki a Omdurman, Khartoum, Juba, Yei, Sinja, Sennar, Ad-Damazin, Gedaref da El-Obeid .

## Aikin likita
Shaddad ya yi aiki a Asibitin Koyarwa na Omdurman 1961-1964 inda ya zama babban kwararre a fannin ilimin mata, sannan ya zama darakta. yabada  gudummawa ga Majalisar Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Sudan, inda ya taka rawar gani don zama da yawa daga 1961 zuwa 1964. 

## Sana'ar siyasa
Bayan kokarinsa na likitanci da ilimi, ya rike mukamai masu mahimmanci kamar Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Digiri a Juba daga 1939 zuwa 1940, da Shugaban Kasa daga 1943 zuwa 1945. Babban taron masu digiri ya tsara takarda ta farko a cikin 1942, suna neman 'yancin kai daga mamayar Anglo-Masar . Ya yi aiki a matsayin magajin garin El-Obeid Municipality kuma a lokaci guda ya rike mukamin shugaban hukumar kwallon kafa ta gida daga 1951 zuwa 1956.  

Shaddad yana daya daga cikin wakilan kungiyar Likitoci a lokacin juyin juya halin Oktoba na shekarar 1964 mai farin jini, wanda ke kan gaba a yunkurin da ya haifar da gagarumin sauyi na siyasa a Sudan.  An ba shi mukamin firayim minista, amma ya ki amincewa da wannan damar saboda shugabancin Laftanar Janar Abboud a lokacin.   Bayan kawar da Abboud, ya zama mukami a Majalisar Mulkin Sudan ta biyu, inda ya zama memba kuma daga baya a matsayin shugaban rikon kwarya daga 3 Disamba 1964-10 Yuni 1965.  Ya kasance shugaban majalisa, kuma saboda haka shugaban kasa tsakanin 1-31 Jan 1965 da 1-10 Yuni 1965. 

Shaddad ya zama shugaban majalisar mazabu na 1966-1968, wanda daga baya aka rushe ta hanyar juyin mulkin Sudan a 1969 . 

## Manazarta
Farida Fassi

**Farida Fassi**  () farfesa ce ta ƙasar Moroko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi a Jami'ar Mohammed V da ke Rabat. Ita ce wacce ta kafa Dabarun Afirka don Aiwatar da Ilimin Kimiyyar Kimiyya ta Afirka kuma memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Afirka.

## Rayuwa da ilimi
An haifi Fassi a Larache inda ta yi makarantar sakandare  kafin ta wuce Tetouan don kammala karatun jami'a.  Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi daga Jami'ar Abdelmalek Essâd a shekarar 1996. Bayan haka, ta koma Spain, Jami'ar Valencia, inda ta sami Masters of science  a shekarar (1999).  A cikin shekarar 2003, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Doctor of Philosophy a cikin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi saboda aikinta akan gwajin ATLAS a CERN.  

## Sana'a da bincike
Har zuwa shekara ta 2003, Fassi ta kasance wani ɓangare na ATLAS  da Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS)  haɗakar ƙungiyar gwaji wacce daga baya ta gano Higgs boson a cikin shekarar 2012.  Bayan haka, ta yi aiki a Grid Computing and Distributed Data Analysis. A cikin shekarar 2007, an zaɓi Fassi don haɗin gwiwa a CERN.   Har ila yau, har tsawon shekaru goma sha uku, tana aiki a wurare daban-daban na post-doctoral da kuma Bincike irin su Cibiyar Nazarin Ƙasa ta Spaniya, Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Faransa, da Cibiyar Spaniya da particles, Astroparticle, da Nukiliya Physics.  Farfesa ce a fannin kimiyyar lissafi a Jami'ar Mohammed V da ke Rabat. 

An kuma bayyana Fassi a cikin jerin manyan masana kimiyya 50 a duniya bisa ga Indexididdigar Kimiyya ta duniya ta 2021 AD.   An ambaci ta fiye da sau 250,000 kuma tana da h-index na 219.  [upper-alpha 1] Ta kasance a matsayi na talatin da takwas a duniya kuma ta biyu  na African content da Gabas ta Tsakiya.     Fassi Ita ce babbar sakatare-janar na Larabawa na zahiri,  kuma wacce ta kafa African Strategy for Fundamental and Applied Physics. 

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa
An zaɓi Fassi a matsayin mamba a Kwalejin Kimiyya na Afirka a cikin shekarar 2020. 

## wallafe-wallafen da aka zaɓa

* CERN ATLAS (2012-9-17). Observation of a new particle in the search for the Standard Model Higgs boson with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, Physics Letters B, 716: 1, 1-29
* **Farida Fassi**, "African Strategy for Fundamental and Applied Physics (ASFAP)", Jaridar Physics ta Afirka - 8 ga Afrilu 2021.

* Miquel Senar, P. Lason, **Farida Fassi**: Organization of the International Testbed of the CrossGrid Project.

## Duba kuma

* Gwajin ATLAS
* Abdellatif Berbich

## Manazarta
Driss Bensari

**Driss Ben-Sari** FAAS FTWAS (, an haife shi a shekara ta alif (1942) farfesa ne na Moroko a fannin Geophysics a Sashen Injiniya na Jama'a, a Jami'ar Mohammed V a Rabat.

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Ben-Sari a Taza, Morocco a shekara ta 1942.  Ya samu digirinsa na farko a fannin Kimiyyar Kasa daga Cibiyar Kasa da Kasa ta Faransa a shekarar 1965. Ya sami digirinsa na biyu a  Applied Geophysics daga Cibiyar Man Fetur ta Faransa, kafin ya kammala digirin digirgir na Falsafa a Kimiyyar Jiki a Jami'ar Grenoble a shekarar 1977.   

Daga nan Ben-Sari ya koma Maroko, kuma ya kasance farfesa a fannin Geophysics a Sashen Injiniya na Jama'a, a Makarantar Injiniya ta Mohammadia, Jami'ar Mohammed V, Rabat, tun a shekarar (1978)   

Ben-Sari ya yi aiki a matsayin mai gudanarwa na Cibiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Duniya, kuma Daraktan Cibiyar Nazarin Astronomy ta Moroccan, cibiyar sadarwar faɗakarwa ta ƙasa don girgizar ƙasa, da Cibiyar Bincike da Tsare-tsare na Kimiyya ta ƙasa.    Shi memba ne na Society for Technical Communication, International Council for Science, da Independent World Commission on the Ocean.  

Ben-Sari ya wallafa abubuwan tarihinsa: *Mahimman abubuwan tunawa* ( )*, shaida da abubuwan rayuwa*.

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa
An zabi Ben-Sari a matsayin Fellow of the African Academy of Sciences (FAAS) a shekarar (1987) da Fellow of the World Academy of Sciences (FTWAS) a shekarar (1988)  Ben-Sari ya sami babbar lambar yabo ta Kimiyya ta Morocco.

## Manazarta
Mohammed T. El-Ashry

**Mohamed T. El-Ashry** Shine Babban  Jami'in Gudanarwa na farko kuma Shugaban Cibiyar Muhalli ta Duniya (GEF), sannan kuma babban jami'i tare da Gidauniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.

## Ilimi
Mohamed T. El-Ashry ya sami  digirin farko a Kimiyya a shekarar 1959 daga Jami'ar Alkahira, da kuma Master of science  a shekarar 1963 da P Doctor of Philosophy a Geology, a shekarar 1966, daga Jami'ar Illinois.  

## Sana'a
El-Ashry malami ne kuma mai bincike a Jami'ar Alkahira, Pan-American-U. Kamfanin Mai na AR, Jami'ar Wilkes, da Environmental Defense Fund. Bayan haka, ya zama Babban Mataimakin Shugaban Cibiyar Albarkatun Duniya (WRI) kuma a matsayin Daraktan Inganta Muhalli tare da Hukumar Valley Tennessee (TVA). 

Daga baya ya shiga Bankin Duniya inda ya rike mukamin Babban Mashawarcin Muhalli (1991-1993), Babban Mashawarcin Shugaban Ƙasa kan Muhalli (1993-1994), da Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa da Shugaba (1994-2003).  Daga Bankin Duniya, ya shiga Global Environment Facility (GEF) inda ya zama Shugaba da Shugaban kungiyar na tsawon shekaru goma sha daya (1991-2002).  

Binciken El-Ashry ya mayar da hankali kan sarrafa albarkatun ruwa,    kula da albarkatun muhalli da ci gaba,    da manufofin makamashi da ke inganta makamashi mai sabuntawa.  

## Zama memba
An zabi El-Ashry a matsayin Fellow of the Geological Society of America,  Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science,  Fellow of the Third world Academy of Sciences a shekarar 1990,  da Fellow na Kwalejin Kimiyya na Afirka a shekarar 2001,  da Senior Fellow tare da Gidauniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.  

Shi memba ne na Cibiyar Nazarin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka tun daga shekarar 2012 da ke ba da shawara kan makamashi mai sabuntawa,  da kuma memba na hukumar World Wide Fund for Nature, Resources for the future, da Hanyar Sadarwar Manufofin Makamashi mai Sabuntawa na 21st Century.  

## Duba kuma

* Mohammed Thameur Chaibi
* Driss Bensari

## Manazarta
Mohammed Thameur Chaibi

**Mohamed Thameur Chaibi** farfesa ne a fannin Injiniyan Karkara a National Research Institute for Agricultural Engineering.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Chaibi ya samu shaidar difloma ta injiniya a fannin raya karkara tare da karramawa daga makarantar sakandaren kayan aikin karkara da ke Tunisiya a shekarar 1984, kafin ya kware a fannin Injiniyan Ruwa da na Karkara a Cibiyar Noma ta Kasa ta Tunisia a shekarar (1987) a cikin shekarar 1992, ya sami digiri na biyu daga Cibiyar Gudanarwa ta Duniya ta Netherlands. Sannan ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin Kimiyyar Noma a Agriculture Bio-systems da fasaha daga Jami'ar Kimiyyar Noma ta Sweden a shekarar 1997. Chaibi ya kammala digirinsa na digirin digirgir a fannin aikin gona da fasahar yanayi a jami'a guda a shekarar 2003, kafin ya koma Tunisiya a shekarar 2005, sannan ya koma a fannin kimiyyar muhalli a cibiyar binciken aikin gona da ilimi mai zurfi.    

## Sana'a da bincike
Chaibi shi ne Shugaban Sashen Injiniyan Karkara a Cibiyar Bincike ta Kasa da Injiniyan Aikin Noma, Ruwa da Gandun Daji (INRGREF). Ya kasance babban mai ba da shawara na GIZ na Cibiyar Kimiyyar Ruwa da Makamashi ta Jami'ar Pan African, kuma babban kwararre a S&T a Hukumar Tarayyar Afirka. A halin yanzu shi farfesa ne kuma darektan bincike a INRGREF kuma memba na kwamitin edita na Albarkatu da Muhalli. Chaibi ya yi aiki a wurare daban-daban a matsayin mamba na kwamitin Tsaro na Muhalli a karkashin kungiyar tsaro ta NATO don zaman lafiya da tsaro da Shirye-shiryen Tsarin Hukumar Turai. 

Binciken Chaibi yana mai da hankali kan hanyoyin zafi na hasken rana,  tsabtace hasken rana,  nazarin tsarin makamashi,  fasahar yanayi,  da injiniyan albarkatun ruwa.  

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa
An zabi Chaibi a matsayin Fellow of the African Academy of Sciences (FAAS) a shekarar 2006,  Fellow of The World Academy of Sciences (FTWAS) a shekarar 2009,  kuma Fellow of Islamic World Academy of Sciences (FIAS) a shekarar 2016.  Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Mulki na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Afirka (Yankin Arewacin Afirka) a shekarar 2010. 

## Manazarta
Wole Olanipekun

Cif **Wole Olanipekun**, SAN, CFR, (an haife shi 18 Nuwamba 1951) lauyan Najeriya ne kuma tsohon shugaban kungiyar lauyoyin Najeriya kuma Babban Lauyan Najeriya. ya halarci makarantar Amoye Grammar School da ke Ikere-Ekiti a jihar Ekiti a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya amma ya samu takardar shedar makarantar West Africa a Grammar Ilesa kafin ya wuce jami'ar Legas, inda ya samu digiri na farko a fannin nahawu. Doka.

## Sana'ar sana'a
An kira shi mashaya ne a watan Yuli 1976 bayan ya kammala makarantar koyon aikin lauya ta Najeriya sannan ya samu mukamin babban lauyan Najeriya a watan Yulin 1991, a shekarar da aka nada shi a matsayin babban lauya kuma kwamishinan shari’a na jihar Ondo . yayi aiki a cikin wannan aikin na tsawon shekaru biyu.  A 2002, an zabe shi a matsayin shugaban kungiyar lauyoyin Najeriya .  A shekara ta 2003 aka nada shi mataimakin shugaban kungiyar lauyoyin Pan African.  A cikin Janairu 2007, ya zama bencher Life, wanda kungiyar Benchers ta Najeriya ta nada.  Ya kasance Pro-Chancellor kuma Shugaban Majalisar Gudanarwa na Jami'ar Ibadan tsakanin 2004 zuwa 2006. A shekara ta 2003, an nada shi mataimakin shugaban kungiyar lauyoyin Pan African Lawyers (PALU).   Cif Oluwole Olanipekun, SAN, OFR shine babban abokin tarayya na Wole Olanipekun and Co, babban kamfanin lauyoyi a Najeriya mai hedikwata a jihar Legas, Najeriya, reshe a Abuja da kuma kasancewa a duk jihohin Najeriya. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Olanipekun yana auren Erelu Omo-ale Olanipekun kuma suna da ’ya’ya hudu (A cikinsu akwai Oladapo Olanipekun, Olabode Olanipekun, Bukola Olanipekun, da Temitope Olanipekun) – kuma kaka ne.

## Memba

* Kungiyar Lauyoyin Najeriya
* Ƙungiyar Lauyoyin Duniya
* Kungiyar Benchers ta Najeriya

## Kyauta
A'aA watan Oktoban 2022, shugaban kasa Muhammadu Buhari ya ba shi lambar yabo ta kasa ta Najeriya mai suna Kwamandan Tarayyar Tarayya (CFR). 

## Magana