Ilimin muhalli na ɗan adam

**[[Ecology|ilimin muhalli]] na ɗan adam** shine nazarin hadin kai game da dangantakar da ke tsakanin mutane da yanayin su na halitta, zamantakewa, da kuma gine-gine. Ya fito ne daga ilimin muhalli da kimiyyar zamantakewa a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 da farkon ƙarni na 20, ya haɗa ra'ayoyi daga ilmin halitta, Yanayin ƙasa, ilimin zamantakewa, ilimin ɗan adam, ilimin halayyar mutum, lafiyar jama'a, da fannoni masu alaƙa. 

Harkokin horo yana nazarin yadda yawan mutane suka saba da yanayin muhalli, yadda tsarin al'adu da zamantakewa ke tasiri ga hulɗar muhalli. 

Ilimin muhalli na ɗan adam ya sanar da Tsarin birane, ilmin annoba, kula da albarkatu, da Manufofin muhalli, yayin da yake amfani da ilimin gargajiya da na asali game da dangantakar ɗan adam da muhalli. A yau, yana aiki ne a matsayin tsari don fahimtar ƙalubalen duniya kamar Canjin yanayi, asarar halittu, da juriya ta zamantakewa.

## Ci gaban tarihi
Tushen ilimin muhalli a matsayin horo mai zurfi za a iya gano shi ga Helenawa da kuma jerin abubuwan da suka faru a kimiyyar tarihin halitta. Har ila yau, ilimin muhalli ya bunƙasa sosai a wasu al'adu. Ilimin gargajiya, kamar yadda ake kira, ya haɗa da halayyar ɗan adam don ilimin fahimta, dangantaka mai basira, fahimta, da kuma ba da bayanai game da duniyar halitta da kwarewar ɗan adam. Ernst Haeckel ne ya kirkiro kalmar ilimin muhalli a 1866 kuma an bayyana ta hanyar magana kai tsaye game da *tattalin arzikin yanayi*.

Kamar sauran masu bincike na zamani na zamaninsa, Haeckel ya karɓi kalmominsa daga Carl Linnaeus inda haɗin muhalli na ɗan adam ya fi bayyane. A cikin littafinsa na 1749, Specimen academicum de oeconomia naturae, Linnaeus ya haɓaka kimiyya wanda ya haɗa da *tattalin arziki da polis na yanayi*. Polis ya samo asali ne daga asalin Girka don al'ummar siyasa (asalin da ya dogara da birane-jihohi), yana raba tushensa tare da kalmar 'yan sanda dangane da inganta ci gaba da kiyaye tsarin zamantakewa mai kyau a cikin al'umma. Linnaeus kuma shine na farko da ya rubuta game da kusanci tsakanin mutane da primates. Linnaeus ya gabatar da ra'ayoyin farko da aka samo a fannoni na zamani ga ilimin muhalli na ɗan adam, gami da ma'auni na yanayi yayin da yake nuna muhimmancin ayyukan muhalli (hidimomin muhalli ko Babban birnin halitta a cikin zamani): "A musayar yin aikinsa da gamsarwa, yanayi ya ba da nau'in da abubuwan da ake bukata na rayuwa" : Ayyukan Linnaeus na 66 sun rinjayi Charles Darwin da sauran masana kimiyya na lokacinsa waɗanda suka yi amfani da kalmomin Linnaeus (watau, *tattalin arziki da polis na yanayi*) tare da tasirin kai tsaye akan al'amuran al'amarin ɗan adam, muhalli, da tattalin arziki  
 

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
An bayyana ilimin muhalli na ɗan adam a matsayin nau'in bincike da aka yi amfani da shi ga dangantakar da ke cikin 'yan adam wanda aka saba amfani da shi a al'ada ga tsire-tsire da dabbobi a cikin ilimin muhallu. Game da wannan manufar, masu ilimin muhalli na ɗan adam (wanda zai iya haɗawa da masu ilimin zamantakewa) sun haɗa ra'ayoyi daban-daban daga fannoni masu yawa waɗanda ke rufe "mafi girman ra'ayi". : A cikin fitowar farko ta 1972, editocin Human Ecology: An Interdisciplinary Journal sun ba da sanarwa game da girman batutuwa a cikin ilimin muhalli na ɗan adam. 

## Manazarta