Elizabeth Mafekeng

**Elizabeth Mafekeng** (18 Satumba 1918 - 28 Mayu 2009)  shugabar kungiyar kwadago ta Afirka ta Kudu ce kuma mai fafutukar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata. Ita ce mace ta farko a Afirka da gwamnati ta dakatar da ita.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Mafekeng a Tarkastad, ƙaramin gari da ke tsakanin Queenstown da Cradock, Gabashin Capeon 18 ga watan Satumba 1918. Mahaifinta, Andries, ya rasu a wannan shekarar. Ita ce auta a cikin yara biyar kuma lokacin da mahaifinta ya mutu, dangin sun bar Tarkastad kuma mahaifiyarta Kathrine ta tafi aiki a Kimberley don renon danginta. Daga nan dangin Mafekeng suka zauna a Aliwal North, yayin da Elizabeth ta kasance tare da kakarta, Marther Mafekeng, wacce ta rene ta.

Iyalin Mafekeng sun bar Aliwal North, Gabashin Cape zuwa Huguenot a Western Cape, inda ta halarci makarantar yara masu launi saboda babu makarantun yaran Afirka. Lokacin da ta kai matsayi na 2, an mayar da ita makarantar Afirka a Cape Town inda ta fara har zuwa matakin 7. Tana da shekaru 14, saboda rashin kuɗi, Mafekeng ta bar makaranta kuma ta tafi aiki don tallafa wa danginta.

A cikin shekarar 1932, Mafekeng ta yi aiki a H Jones da Co, masana'antar gwangwani a Paarl inda ta tsaftace kwandon 'ya'yan itace na 75c a ƙarshen mako. Ta jure tsawon lokacin aiki da rashin kyawun yanayin aiki. A cikin shekarar 1938, Elizabeth ta auri abokin aikin masana'anta Henry Moffat Mdityana. Ma'auratan sun zauna tare da 'ya'yansu goma sha ɗaya, maza uku da mata takwas, a cikin wani gida a kan titin Barbarossa, Paarl har sai da aka kore ta a shekara ta 1959.

## Rayuwar Siyasa
Aikin siyasar Mafekeng ya fara ne a shekarar 1941, lokacin da jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Afirka ta Kudu (CPSA) ta taimaka wajen tsara ƙungiyar ma'aikatan abinci da gwangwani da inganta yanayin aiki. Mafekeng mai shekaru ashirin da uku ta shiga kungiyoyin biyu a matsayin mai kula da shago da kuma memba na kwamiti. Ta ci gaba da zama a cikin FCWU har zuwa shekara ta 1947, lokacin da dokar wariyar launin fata ta tilasta wa ƙungiyar ta rabu gida biyu masu bambancin launin fata, FCWU da ƙungiyar ma'aikatan abinci da gwangwani na Afirka (AFCWU). Gwamnatin nuna wariyar launin fata ta Afirka ta Kudu ta zartar da dokar hana gurguzu wacce ta haramta CPSA a shekarar 1950. A cikin shekarar 1952 Mafekeng ta shiga cikin yakin neman zabe na jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC). 

A cikin watan Janairun 1954, Mafekeng ya jagoranci yajin aikin ƙungiyar ma'aikatan abinci da gwangwani ta Afirka (AFCWU) a Wolseley don ƙarin albashi da ingantaccen yanayin aiki. An yi ta yajin aiki akai-akai a ƙauyukan kamun kifi da Namaqualand, wato Lambert's Bay Worcester, Montague, Daljosaphat, Paarl da Wellington. A wannan shekarar, an zaɓe ta a matsayin shugabar ƙungiyar AFCWU kuma aka tura ta a matsayin wakiliya a taron kafa ƙungiyar matan Afirka ta Kudu a Johannesburg. Mafekeng ta kuma zama sakatariyar ƙungiyar ma'aikatan abinci a cikin wannan shekarar. 

A cikin shekarar 1955, Mafekeng ita ce wakiliyar Ma'aikatan Abinci na Afirka ta Kudu ta Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Abinci da Canning a Majalisar Ma'aikatan Abinci da Canning da masana'antun otal na Tobacco suka shirya a Sofia. Mafekeng ta bar Afirka ta Kudu a asirce “tana kama da baiwa,” ba tare da fasfo ba.  A cikin Sofia, ta ce ta " ɗanɗana a karon farko na ainihin ɗan adam ba tare da nuna bambanci ba."  A lokacin da ta koma Afirka ta Kudu, ta fuskanci zalunci na 'yan sanda da tambayoyi game da kasuwancinta a Sofia.  An ce ta burge taron sosai, kuma an zaɓe ta a matsayin shugabar taron. Ta kuma yi balaguro zuwa Birtaniya da Sweden da kuma China. 

"Rocky" kamar yadda aka san Mafekeng a cikin ƙungiyoyin 'yan kasuwa, ta shiga cikin yakin £ 1-A-Day wanda Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta Afirka ta Kudu ta shirya, ta shiga reshen Paarl na Ƙungiyar Mata ta ANC kuma an zaɓe ta a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa a shekarar 1957.

## Kora
A ranar 11 ga watan Nuwamba 1959, gwamnatin nuna wariyar launin fata ta yi wa Mafekeng umarnin korar (dakatarwa) jim kaɗan bayan da ta jagoranci zanga-zanga a Paarl don nuna adawa da yunkurin ba da takardar izinin shiga ga matan Afirka.  Mafekeng, wacce ita ce mace ta farko a Afirka da aka dakatar, an kore ta zuwa Southey kusa da Vryburg a Arewacin Cape.  Ta gudu zuwa Lesotho inda ta jimre da mummunan yanayi tare da nesa da 'ya'yanta da mijinta. 

A cikin shekarar 1990, Mafekeng ta koma Afirka ta Kudu inda ta ci gaba da shiga cikin kungiyar kwadago har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya saboda rashin lafiya. Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Abinci da Canning (FCWU) ta gina mata gida a Garin Mbekweni a cikin Paarl. Ta rasu a ranar 28 ga watan Mayu, 2009.

## Martaba
An bai wa Mafekeng lambar yabo tare da Sabis mai Girma Bayan mutuwarta.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin sunayen mutanen da aka haramtawa oda a karkashin mulkin wariyar launin fata

## Manazarta