Zainab al Ghazali

**Zainab Al-Ghazali** ( Arabic    زينب الغزالي; 2 an haife ta watan Janairu shekarar 1917 - ta mutu a ranar 3 ga watan Agusta shekara ta 2005) yar gwagwarmaya ce yar kasar Masar. Ita ce ta kafa kungiyar Matan Musulmai a kasar masar mai suna ( *Jamaa'at al-Sayyidaat al-Muslimaat* ).

## Tarihin Rayuwa

### Farkon rayuwa
Mahaifiyarta ta yi karatu a jami’ar al-Azhar malamar addini mai zaman kanta da kuma dan kasuwar auduga  . Ta karfafa ta ta zama jagorar musulinci yayin buga misali da Nusayba bint Ka'b al-Muzaniyya, mace ta yi fada tare da Annabi Muhammadu a yakin Uhud . A takaice dai a lokacin shekarunta, ta shiga kungiyar Feminist Union    kawai don yanke hukuncin cewa "Musulunci ya bai wa mata hakkoki a cikin dangin da ba wata al'umma ba. Lokacin da ta kai shekara goma sha takwas, ta kafa kungiyar Jama'at al-Sayyidat al-Muslimat (Women'sungiyar Mata ta Musulmi) , wacce ta ce tana da membobi miliyan uku a duk faɗin ƙasar a lokacin da aka soke ta da umarnin gwamnati a cikin shekara ta 1964 . 

### Aminta ga Hassan Al-Banna
Hasan Al-Banna, wanda ya kirkiro kungiyar 'Yan Uwa Musulmi, ya gayyaci al-Ghazali da ta hada kungiyar sa da shi, gayyatar da ta ki tayi kamar yadda ta ke so ta ci gaba da cin gashin kanta. Koyaya, duk da haka, ta yi rantsuwar kama aiki na al-Banna. (Mahmood 2005: 68) Gaskiyar cewa kungiyarta ba ta da alaƙa da Brotheran’uwa Musulmi  kasance mai amfani ne bayan an dakatar da Ikhwan, kamar yadda a wani lokaci al Ghazali ya sami damar ci gaba da rarraba littattafansu da kuma shirya taronsu. a gidanta.     &#x5D; 

### Ka'idar
Zeinab al-Ghazali ta ba da sanarwar mace wacce ta kasance asalin addinin Musulunci. Ta yi imani da "ra'ayi da ke tattare da ilmantarwa ta hanyar ilimi mai amfani  " na Musulunci da Qu'ran, kuma ta ji cewa 'yanci mata, yancin tattalin arziki,' yancin siyasa, da dai sauransu za a iya samun sa ta hanyar zurfafa fahimtar Musulunci.  al-Ghazali shi ma ya yi imanin cewa babban abin da mace ke da shi na cikin gida ne, amma kuma ya kamata ta sami damar shiga rayuwar siyasa idan ta ga dama.  Matsayin Addinin Islama na al-Ghazali ya ba ta damar ba da yarda a bainar jama'a a kan wasu batutuwa da suka "ba ta sabawa da shugabannin Islama na maza".  

### Kungiyar Mata Musulmai
Taron laccinta na mako-mako ga mata a Masallacin Ibnu Tulun ya jawo taron mutane dubu uku, wadanda suka haura zuwa dubu biyar a cikin watanni masu alfarma na shekara. Bayan bayar da darussan ga mata, ƙungiyar ta buga mujallar, ta kula da marayu, ta ba da taimako ga iyalai matalauta, da kuma sasanta rikicin iyali. Alsoungiyar ta kuma ɗauki matsayar siyasa, tana neman Masar Alƙur'ani . 

Wasu malamai, kamar Leila Ahmed, Miriam Cooke, M. Qasim Zaman, da Roxanne Euben sun bayar da hujjar cewa ayyukan Al Ghazali da kansu sun tsaya daga nesa,  har ma sun lalata wasu daga cikin ayyukanta na imani.  Ga waɗannan masana, a cikin mutane da yawa, aikinta shine ɗayan da ke tayar da halaye na al'ada, yayin maganarta, a cikin tambayoyi, wallafe-wallafe, da haruffa waɗanda ke ayyana yawancin mata a matsayin mata da uwaye.  

Idan wadannan kwanakin suka zo rikici shine zai afku tsakaninka abunda kakeso da sha'anonin kudi a daya bangaren, Kuma aikin musulunci na a dayan bangaren, na samu rayuwar aure na ya tsayu ne akan da samar da garin musulunci, sai kowanen mu tya tafi hanyarsa, bana bukatar ku da kushiga cikin ayyuka na, amma Kuma hakkin ku ne akai na da kada ku hana ni yin jihadi a hanyar Allah. Kuma kada ku tambaya ni dangane da ayyuka na tare da wasu masu jihadi Kuma kawai yadda ya zama shine a tsakaninmu. Cikakken yadda tsakanin mace da namiji, mace wacce a shekaru 18 ta bada rayuwarta ga Allah da da'awah. A kan duk wani sa'insa dake tsakanin auren da da'awah, auren mu zai rabu amma da'awah zai shiga da kasancewa ajiki na. (al Gazali 2006)

Da yake keɓance keɓantacce na kashinta ga wanda ya bayyana ta yarda da rawar da mace ke da shi, al Ghazali ya bayyana rashin haihuwarta a matsayin "albarka" da ba za a taɓa ganin irinta ba, saboda ta 'yantar da ita ta shiga cikin rayuwar jama'a. (Hoffman 1988). Mijinta na biyu ya mutu tun tana kurkuku, bayan ya sake ta bayan barazanar da gwamnati ta yi na karbe kayan sa. Iyalan al Ghazali sun fusata da wannan rashin biyayya, amma al Ghazali da kanta ta kasance mai biyayya gare shi, inda ta rubuta a rubutunta cewa ta nemi a saka hotonta a gidansu lokacin da aka fada cewa an cire. 

### Rayuwa a kurkuku
Bayan kisan Hasan al-Banna a cikin 1949, Al-Ghazali ya kasance mai taimakawa wajen sake kafa kungiyar 'Yan Uwa Musulmi a farkon shekarun 1960. An daure ta a kurkuku saboda ayyukanta a shekarar 1965, aka yanke mata hukuncin shekaru ashirin da biyar na aiki tukuru amma aka sake ta a karkashin Shugabancin Anwar Sadat a 1971. 

A lokacin ɗaurin kurkuku, Zainab Al-Ghazali da membobin Brotherungiyar 'Yan Uwa Musulmi sun azabtar da azabtarwa marasa kyau. Al-Ghazali ta ce an jefa ta cikin wani daki da aka kulle da karnuka don ta yi ikirarin yunkurin kisan Nassir. Al-Ghazzali a wadannan lokutan wahala an ce tana da wahayi da Muhammed. Wasu mu'ujizai ma sun dandana ta, yayin da ta sami abinci, mafaka da ƙarfi a waccan lokutan wahalar. 

Bayan an sake ta daga kurkuku, al-Ghazali ta fara koyarwa da rubutu don farfado da mujallar Brotherungiyar 'Yan Uwa Musulmi, Al-Dawah. Edita ce a sashin mata da yara a cikin Al-Dawah, wanda a ciki ya karfafa mata gwiwar zama masu ilimi, amma suyi biyayya ga mazajen su kuma zauna a gida yayin renon ‘ya’yansu. Ta rubuta littafi ne sakamakon kwarewar da ta samu a gidan yari. 

### Memoir
Ta bayyana kasancewarta a gidan *yari*, wanda ya hada da azabtarwa, a cikin wani littafi mai suna *Ayyām min ḥayātī*, wanda aka buga a cikin Ingilishi kamar yadda *Days from My Life*  wanda Hindustan Publications ya buga a 1989 da kuma a matsayin *Return of the Pharoah* ta Islamic Foundation (UK) a 1994. “Fir’auna” da ake magana a kai shine Shugaba Nasser . Al Ghazali depic kanta kanta a matsayin jure azabtarwa da ƙarfi fiye da na mafi yawan maza, kuma ta shaidar da duka mu'ujizai da wahayi cewa karfafa ta da taimaka ta ta tsira.  Masanin Falsafa Sayed Hassan Akhlaq ya buga littafin rubutun tare da wasu mahimman mahimman bayanai.  

### Legacy
Ita ma Zainab 'yar Ghazali marubuciya ce, kuma tana bayar da gudummawa a kai a kai a cikin manyan mujallun Musulunci da mujallu kan al'amuran Musulunci da mata. Duk da cewa harkar musulinci a duk duniyar musulmai a yau ta jawo hankalin mata da yawa, musamman ma tun a shekarun 1970, Zaynab al-Ghazali ta fito ta nuna wannan a matsayin mace daya tilo da ta bambanta kanta a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan jagororinta. 

## Manazarta

* Al Ghazali Maidojin *Fir’auna* Gidauniyar Musulunci 2006 
* Hoffman, Valerie. "Mai fafutukar Islama: Zaynab alGhazali." A cikin *Mata da dangi a Gabas ta Tsakiya*, Elizabeth W. Fernea ce ta shirya. Austin: Jami'ar Texas Press, 1985. 
* Mahmood, Saba *Siyasa na Tsira da Tawakkali: Juyin Islama da Batutuwan mata*, Jami'ar Princeton ta 2005 

## Haɗin waje
Karanta littafin ' **Mayar da Fir'auna' kan layi** ; 

* https://www.scribd.com/doc/18540888/Return-of-the-Pharaoh-Memoirs-in-Nasirs-Prison-  
* Shafin yanar gizo game da al'adun musulmai