Misali na tasirin greenhouse akan canjin yanayi

Akwai Yarjejeniyar kimiyya mai ƙarfi cewa tasirin greenhouse saboda carbon dioxide shine babban abin da ke haifar da Canjin yanayi. Wadannan sune samfurin kwatanci da aka nufa don manufar koyarwa, yana nuna manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da tasirin.

A karkashin wannan fahimta, ana ƙayyade dumamar duniya ta hanyar kasafin kuɗi mai sauƙi: A cikin dogon lokaci, Duniya tana fitar da radiation a cikin adadin da ta karɓa daga rana. Koyaya, adadin da aka fitar ya dogara da zafin jiki na Duniya da kuma albedo: Mafi yawan haskaka duniya a cikin wani tsawo, ƙananan radiation zai karɓa kuma ya fitar a cikin wannan tsawo; mafi yawan zafi a Duniya, mafi yawan radiation da yake fitarwa. Don haka canje-canje a cikin albedo na iya yin tasiri a kan zafin jiki na Duniya, kuma ana iya lissafin tasirin ta hanyar zaton za a sami sabon yanayin da ya dace.

A mafi yawan bakan lantarki, carbon dioxide na yanayi ko dai yana toshe radiation da aka fitar daga ƙasa kusan gaba ɗaya, ko kuma kusan bayyane yake, don haka ƙara adadin carbon dioxide a cikin yanayi, misali ninka adadin, zai sami sakamako mara kyau. Koyaya, a wasu ƙananan sassa na bakan wannan ba haka ba ne; ninka yawan carbon dioxide na sararin samaniya zai sa yanayin duniya ya zama mai duhu a cikin waɗannan tsawo, wanda zai haifar da hasken duniya a cikin waɗannan raƙuman ruwa daga saman yadudduka na sararin sama, maimakon daga ƙananan yadudduka ko daga ƙasa. Tunda yadudduka na sama sun fi sanyi, adadin da aka fitar zai zama ƙasa, wanda zai haifar da dumama Duniya har sai an biya raguwar fitarwa ta hanyar hauhawar zafin jiki.

Bugu da ƙari, irin wannan dumama na iya haifar da hanyar amsawa saboda wasu canje-canje a cikin albedo na Duniya, misali saboda narkewar kankara.

## Tsarin yanayi
Yawancin iska - gami da ~ 88% na CO<sub>2</sub> - yana cikin ƙananan ɓangaren yanayi da aka sani da troposphere. Troposphere ya fi kauri a cikin ma'auni kuma ya fi kaushi a kan sanduna, amma matsakaicin duniya na kauri yana kusa da kilomita 11.&nbsp;

A cikin troposphere, zafin jiki yana sauka kusan a layi a cikin digiri na 6.5 Celsius a kowace kilomita, daga matsakaicin duniya na 288 Kelvin (15 Celsius) a ƙasa zuwa 220 K (-53 Celsius). A tsaunuka mafi girma, har zuwa kilomita 20, zafin jiki kusan koyaushe ne; wannan Layer ana kiransa tropopause.&nbsp;

Troposphere da tropopause tare sun kunshi ~99% na CO2 na yanayi. A cikin troposphere, CO2 yana saukowa tare da tsawo kusan kusan, tare da tsawon 6.3 km; wannan yana nufin cewa yawan a tsawo y kusan daidai yake da exp (-y / 6.3 km), kuma yana sauka zuwa 37% a 6.3 km, kuma zuwa 17% a 11 km. Fiye da haka ta hanyar tropopause, yawan yana ci gaba da raguwa sosai, duk da cewa da sauri, tare da tsawon kilomita 4.2.     

## Tasirin carbon dioxide akan kasafin kudin makamashi na duniya
Duniya koyaushe tana shan makamashi daga hasken rana kuma tana fitar da radiation mai zafi a matsayin hasken infrared. A cikin dogon lokaci, Duniya tana haskaka adadin makamashi iri ɗaya a kowane dakika yayin da take sha, saboda adadin radiation na zafi da aka fitar ya dogara da zafin jiki: Idan Duniya ta shawo kan karin makamashi a kowane dakika fiye da yadda take haskakawa, Duniya tana dumama kuma radiation na za ta karu, har sai an dawo da ma'auni; idan Duniya ta sha ƙasa da makamashi fiye da yadda yake haskakawa.

Yanayi yana shan wasu makamashi da ƙasa ke haskakawa, amma yana fitar da kansa radiation na zafi: Misali, a wasu tsawo yanayin ba shi da kyau saboda shawo kan CO2; a waɗannan tsawo, kallon Duniya daga sararin samaniya mutum ba zai ga ƙasa ba, amma CO2 na sararin samaniya, sabili da haka radiation na jiki - maimakon radiation na ƙasa. Da yanayin ya kasance a cikin zafin jiki iri ɗaya da ƙasa, wannan ba zai canza kasafin kuɗin makamashi na Duniya ba; amma tunda radiation yana fitowa daga yanayin da ya fi sanyi fiye da ƙasa, ana fitar da radiation kaɗan.

Yayin da abun ciki na CO2 na yanayi ke ƙaruwa saboda aikin ɗan adam, wannan tsari yana ƙaruwa, kuma jimlar radiation da Duniya ke fitarwa tana raguwa; sabili da haka, Duniya tana dumama har sai an dawo da ma'auni.

## Manazarta