open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Emelina Adams

**Emelina Adams** kwararriyar yar wasan kwaikwayon kasar amurka ce.

## Raguwar Farko
Inda aka haifi Adams shine Henderson, Nevada. Adams ya kammala karatun digiri tare da digiri na farko a cikin ilimin halin dan Adam tare da ƙarami a cikin doka kafin Jami'ar Arizona. Ta rasa 'yar'uwarta a cikin 2016 don jaraba kuma ta yi yaƙin yaƙi da jaraba a cikin shekarun da suka gabata. Adams ɗan Italiya ne na ƙarni na biyu kuma dangin mahaifinta sun fito daga Calabria, a kudancin Italiya.

=Manazarta=
Deltaic Lobe

Lobe deltaic shi ne samuwar dausayi wanda ke samuwa kamar yadda kogi ke zubar da ruwa da laka zuwa wasu tafkuna. Yayin da laka ta taso daga wannan ramin, kogin zai rabu da tasharsa guda daya, sannan a tura baki waje, ya samar da lobe mai zurfi[1].

## Manazarta

# David E. Frazier. "Recent Deltaic Deposits of Mississippi River: Their Development and Chronology: ABSTRACT." *AAPG Bulletin*, vol. 51, 1967, doi:10.1306/5d25c219-16c1-11d7-8645000102c1865d.
# **^** Delta. (October 10, 2016). In National Geographic Society. Delta
Christian Abbiati

**Christian Abbiati** (An haife shi 8 Yuli 1977) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Italiya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida. Abbiati, wanda ya kasance tare da AC Milan tun 1998, ya fara aikinsa da Monza, kuma daga baya ya buga wasanni sama da 300 a Milan. Ya kuma yi zaman aro a Borgosesia Calcio da Juventus da Torino da kuma Atlético Madrid. Lambobin karramawarsa sun haɗa da kofunan Seria A guda uku, Coppa Italia daya, nasarar Supercoppa Italiana guda biyu, UEFA Champions League ɗaya da kuma UEFA Super Cup daya. Ko da yake Italiya ta zabe shi a UEFA Euro 2000 (inda ƙungiyar ta kai wasan ƙarshe), da kuma gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2002, bai wakilci ƙasar ba har sai da ya fara buga wasansa na farko a wasan sada zumunta da Switzerland a 2003. Abbiati a halin yanzu yana rike da rikodin don mafi yawan bayyanuwa a matsayin mai tsaron gida na Milan.A lokacinsa na farko, an dauki Abbiati a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyawun masu tsaron gida a Italiya.

## Aikin kulob
AC Milan Abbiati's Seri A na farko ya zo ne a ranar 17 ga Janairu 1999 a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Sebastiano Rossi na mintuna na 92. Abbiati ya dauki kofin gasar tare da AC Milan a waccan kakar duk da cewa da farko shi ne mai tsaron gida na uku a bayan Rossi da Jens Lehmann, yayin da kuma ke fuskantar gasa daga mai tsaron gida Giorgio Frezzolini. Saboda rawar da ya taka, Abbiati a karshe ya shiga cikin jerin 'yan wasa, kuma a wasan karshe na kakar wasa a ranar 23 ga Mayu, ya yi ceto da yawa, ciki har da daya a kan Cristian Bucchi, yayin da Milan ta yi bikin lashe Scudetto bayan nasarar 2-1 a waje da Perugia.[7] Daga nan ya zama mai tsaron gida na farko na Milan wanda ba a gardama ba a cikin shekaru hudu masu zuwa, har sai da ya rasa wurinsa na farawa zuwa madadin Dida a farkon kakar 2002-03 bayan ya ji rauni a lokacin wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar zakarun Turai a watan Agusta 2002. Babban tsarin Dida ya hana Abbiati lokacin wasa ya tsaya.

## Manazarta
Water theft

**Satar ruwa ba bisa ka’Ida ba** ba ne ta hanyar famfo tsarin samar da ruwa. Tare da hasarar da ruwa ke kwarara a cikin bututun, satar ruwa na daya daga cikin manyan abubuwa da ke haifar da rashin samun ruwa. Thames Water ya kiyasta asarar ta hanyar sata zuwa adadin lita miliyan 2 zuwa 3 (660,000 imp gal; 790,000 US gal)
a kowace shekara a shekara ta2017, yana gudana ta hanyar haɗin 734 mara izini.Asalin gardama, duk da haka, ko za a iya samun irin wannan abu kamar satar ruwa (ta daidaikun mutane da na amfanin kansu, wato), a bayyane yake.
## '''Zamanin Roman'''
Satar ruwa ba sabon abu bane. A d ¯ a Roma manyan hanyoyin sadarwa na magudanan ruwa sun ba da ruwa ga jama'a zuwa biranen Romawa. An yi sata mai yawa daga wannan tsarin, wanda sau da yawa gurbatattun ruwa ke aikatawa da alhakin girka da kula da kayayyaki. Ayyukan lalata sun haɗa da buga girman da ba daidai ba a kan bututu ta yadda za a caje abokin ciniki don ƙaramin bututu fiye da wanda suka samu a zahiri, yana ba da wadatar da ba a yarda da shi ba (yawanci a ƙarƙashin ƙasa inda ba a iya ganinsa) ta hanyar huda bututun mains, da zamba wanda ya haɗa da samar da canji mai kyau lokacin da sabon bututu. A cikin akwati na ƙarshe, maimakon kawai canja wurin asusun da ke yanzu zuwa sabon mai mallakar, an shigar da sabon bututu daga hasumiya na ruwa. Dan damfara ne ya ajiye tsohon bututun sannan ya sayar da ruwan daga cikinsa.
Wasu ayyuka na shakku na iya kasancewa wani lokaci saboda rashin iya aiki, wani lokacin kuma da gangan. Shigar da haɗin ƙasa ƙasa a kan hasumiya na ruwa yana ba da matsi mafi girma, sabili da haka saurin gudu, fiye da ɗaya daga cikin tambarin ƙarfin aiki ɗaya wanda ya dace da sama. Wani batu kuma shi ne haɗin da ke hasumiya zai iya zama girman da aka ba da izini kuma an buga shi daidai, amma an haɗa bututu mafi girma da shi. Wannan zai jawo ruwa fiye da ƙaramin bututu duk da masu haɗin haɗin suna da girman iri ɗaya. A ƙarni na farko, an ƙaddamar da ƙa'idodin ruwa da ayyuka dalla-dalla don magance wasu daga cikin waɗannan batutuwa. Waɗannan sun haɗa da buƙatun cewa ba kawai masu haɗawa ba, har ma da bututun dole ne a buga tambarin girmansu da izininsu gabaɗayan tsawonsu a ƙayyadaddun nisa. An kuma tsaurara ka'idojin da suka shafi kwararar ruwa. Ruwan ruwa yana faruwa ne lokacin da magudanar ruwa ke isar da ruwa zuwa hasumiya cikin sauri fiye da yadda ake sha. A baya ma'aikatan ruwa sun yi la'akari da cewa sayar da wannan ruwa wata fa'ida ce ta aikin, amma yanzu ana iya ba da ita ga masu izini kawai.
## Manazarta
Babban zabe (Megadrought)

Megadrought  na nufin fari mai tsawo da tsanani wanda ke ɗaukar shekaru da dama, har ma fiye da shekaru 20, yana shafar manyan yankuna. Wannan nau'in fari yana da tsanani fiye da na al'ada, kuma yana iya haifar da mummunan tasiri ga muhalli, noma, da rayuwar al'umma. 

## Ma'anar Megadrought
Kalmar "megadrought" ba ta da cikakkiyar ma'ana guda ɗaya, amma ana amfani da ita wajen bayyana fari mai tsawo da tsanani fiye da na al'ada.  Masana kimiyya sun fara amfani da wannan kalma a cikin wani bincike na shekarar 1998 da ya nazarci fari a tsakiyar Amurka.  Daga baya, kalmar ta zama ruwan dare gama duniya, musamman bayan fari mai tsawo da ya shafi yankin kudu maso yammacin Amurka tun daga shekarar 2000.  

## Shaidun Tarihi
Masana sun gano shaidun megadrought ta hanyoyi daban-daban, ciki har da: 

Dendrochronology: Nazarin zoben bishiyoyi don gano tarihin fari. 

Core samples: Daukar samfurin laka daga ƙasan tafkuna don nazarin canje-canjen yanayi. 

Fossil corals: Nazarin koral da ya mutu don fahimtar yanayin teku a da. 

Misali, a tafkunan Mono da Tenaya a California, an gano bishiyoyin da suka girma a lokacin fari mai tsawo, sannan suka nutse lokacin da tafkunan suka cika da ruwa.  

## Tasirin Megadrought
Megadrought na iya haifar da: 

Raguwar amfanin gona: Fari mai tsawo na hana noma samun ruwa, wanda ke rage yawan amfanin gona. 

Karancin ruwa: Tafkuna da koguna na iya bushewa, wanda ke haifar da karancin ruwa ga mutane da dabbobi. 

Tasirin tattalin arziki: Raguwar noma da kiwo na iya haifar da matsalolin tattalin arziki. 

Hijira: Mutane na iya barin yankunansu don neman wuraren da ke da ruwa. 

## Misalan Megadrought
Farin Sahel: A yankin Sahel na Afirka, an samu shaidun megadrought da suka ɗauki shekaru da dama, wanda ya shafi noma da rayuwar al'umma.  

Farin Chile: Tun daga shekarar 2010, Chile na fama da fari mai tsawo, wanda ya shafi noma, kiwo, da kuma samar da wutar lantarki. 

## Kammalawa
Megadrought wani lamari ne mai tsanani wanda ke da tasiri mai yawa ga rayuwar mutane da muhalli.  Fahimtar wannan lamari na taimakawa wajen shirya hanyoyin rage tasirinsa da kuma kare al'umma daga illolinsa.  

## Manazarta

## Irina Ivanova (2 June 2022). "California is rationing water amid its worst drought in 1,200 years". CBS News. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
James Dinneen (7 October 2022), "What is megadrought? How scientists define extreme water shortages", *New Scientist*
Tafkin raba

## Tafkin Raba
Daga Wikipedia, encyclopedia na kyauta Misali na musamman na tafkin raɓa kusa da Chanctonbury Ring, West Sussex. 50°53′47″N 0°23′23″W Tafkin raɓa wani tafki ne na wucin gadi wanda aka saba yin shi a saman tudu, wanda aka yi niyya don shayar da dabbobi. Ana amfani da tafkunan raɓa a wuraren da ba za a iya samun wadataccen ruwan sama ba. Sunan tafkin raɓa (wani lokaci tafkin gajimare ko tafki mai hazo) an fara samun shi a cikin Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society a cikin 1865. Duk da sunan, tushen ruwa na farko an yi imanin cewa ruwan sama ne maimakon raɓa ko hazo.
## Manazarta
Rikicin ruwa

Rikicin ruwa yawanci yana nufin tashin hankali ko rikice-rikice masu alaƙa da samun, ko sarrafawa, albarkatun ruwa, ko amfani da ruwa ko tsarin ruwa azaman makamai ko asarar rigingimu. Kalmar yaƙin ruwa ana amfani da ita tare a kafofin watsa labarai don wasu rigingimu kan ruwa, kuma galibi an fi iyakance ga bayyana rikici tsakanin ƙasashe, jihohi, ko ƙungiyoyi kan haƙƙin samun ruwa.Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da cewa rigingimun ruwa suna faruwa ne daga sabanin bukatun masu amfani da ruwa, na jama'a ko na sirri.Rikice-rikicen ruwa da dama sun bayyana a tarihi, ko da yake ba kasafai ake yin yakin gargajiya da ake yi kan ruwa kadai ba.
Fashewar ambaliya

A cikin ilimin lissafi, ambaliya mai fashe-wani nau'in megaflood - babban bala'i ne mai girma, ƙarancin mitar ambaliya wanda ya haɗa da sakin ruwa mai yawa kwatsam. A lokacin rugujewar ta ƙarshe, yawancin tabkin ƙanƙara da suka fashe ambaliya sun haifar da rushewar ko dai kankara ko glaciers waɗanda suka kafa madatsun ruwa na tafkuna. Misalai na tsofaffin fashe ambaliya an san su daga abubuwan da suka gabata na duniya kuma an samo su daga shaidar geomorphological akan Mars. Zabtarewar kasa, lahar, da madatsun ruwa masu aman wuta kuma suna iya toshe koguna da kuma haifar da tafkuna, wanda ke jawo irin wannan ambaliya a lokacin da dutsen ko shingen kasa ya rushe ko kuma ya rushe. Har ila yau, tabkuna suna tasowa a bayan raye-rayen glacial ko madatsun ruwa, wanda zai iya rushewa da haifar da ambaliya.

## Ma,ana da Rabe-Rabe
Megafloods paleofloods ne ( ambaliyar ruwa da ta gabata) waɗanda suka haɗa da yawan kwararar ruwa fiye da waɗanda ke cikin tarihin tarihi. Ana yin nazarin su ta hanyar ma'auni na ƙasa da ƙazamar ƙasa da gine-ginen da kowane megafulods ya haifar. Ambaliyar ruwa da aka san mu ta hanyar bayanin tarihi galibi suna da alaƙa da abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanayi, kamar ruwan sama mai yawa, saurin narkewar fakitin dusar ƙanƙara, ko haɗuwa da waɗannan. A cikin abubuwan da suka gabata na duniya, duk da haka, binciken binciken ƙasa ya nuna cewa abubuwan da suka fi girma sun faru.[3] Dangane da barkewar ambaliya, irin wannan ambaliya na da nasaba da rugujewar wani shingen da ya kafa tafki. Sun faɗi cikin rarrabuwa mai zuwa bisa ga tsarin da ke da alhakin:

Rushewar madatsun ruwa masu kankara waɗanda ke mamaye tafkunan masu tasowa ( Ambaliyar Missoula).

Yashwa da sauri, narkewar zanen kankara (jökulhlaups).

Rushewar shingen ƙasa (zaizayar ƙasa ko glacial moraines).

Rushewar madatsun ruwa masu aman wuta da kwararowar lava, lahar, ko kwararar pyroclastic suka haifar.

Sama da shingen ƙasa ko dutse

Tafkin sama (misali, Tafkin Bonneville).

Tekun da ke zubewa a kan raƙuman raƙuman ruwa zuwa cikin kwandon da ba ta da ƙasa (misali, ambaliyar Zanclean da ambaliya ta Bahar Black).Misali mafi ƙanƙanta zai zama zaizayar ƙasa ta Pantai Remis.

Misalai

## Misalai
Misalai inda aka rubuta shaidar manyan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na daɗaɗɗen ruwa ko kuma ana bincike sun haɗa da:

Ambaliyar tafkunan da zabtarewar kasa suka samu

Misali shi ne ambaliya da ta haifar da daya daga cikin bala'o'i mafi muni da suka shafi zabtarewar kasa a tarihi a ranar 10 ga Yuni, 1786. Zaftarewar dam a kogin Dadu na Sichuan, wanda girgizar kasa ta haifar kwanaki goma da suka wuce, ta fashe tare da haddasa ambaliya da ta kai kilomita 1,400 (870 mi) a kasa kuma ta kashe mutane 100,500.

Komawa bayan glacial

Komawa bayan glacial yana canza karkatar ƙasa. A cikin tafkuna, wannan yana nufin cewa gaɓar teku suna nutsewa zuwa wani wuri mai nisa daga tsohon iyakar zurfin ƙanƙara. Lokacin da tafkin ya tsaya a kan esker, matsa lamba na ruwa yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙara zurfin zurfi. Esker na iya gazawa a ƙarƙashin kaya kuma ya fashe, ƙirƙirar sabon fita. Tafkin Pielinen a Finland misali ne na wannan.

## Manazarta
Tafkin Maladumba

**Tafkin Maladumba** tafki ne da ke cikin jihar Bauchi Na Najeriya.

## Wuri
Tafkin na a yankin arewacin Jos Plateau, kimanin nisan kilomita 120 daga arewa maso gabashin birnin Bauchi, kilomita 18 kudu maso yammacin Misau, da kuma kilomita 2 a yammacin Shelon, wani karamin ƙauyen kamun kifi. Tafkin ne mai zurfi, tare da matsakaicin zurfin kimanin mita biyu, kuma yana kwance a gefen kogin Kuka, wanda ke fita daga tafkin a matsayin Kogin Kari. Wannan wani yanki ne na Komadugu Gana, kuma saboda haka tafkin yana cikin tsarin kogin Komadugu Yobe, wani kogi a cikin Tafkin Chadi wanda har zzuwa shekarun 1980 ya gudana cikin Tafkin Chadi.

## Manazarta
Kyakkyawan asusun kudin africa

## Kyakkyawan asusun kudin Africa
Daga Wikipedia, encyclopedia na kyauta
Asusun kula da lafiya na Afirka wata kungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ta sadaukar da kai don tara kudade don ginawa da kula da rijiyoyin ruwa a duk sassan Afirka da ke fama da talauci. An kafa shi a cikin Oktoba 2002 ta ƙungiyar magoya bayan U2 waɗanda suka sami wahayi daga ziyarar Bono na Mayu 2002 zuwa sassan matalauta na Afirka tare da tsohon Sakataren Baitulmalin Amurka Paul O'Neill. Kungiyar ta samu kwarin gwuiwa ne sakamakon ayyukan agaji na Bono a duk fadin Afirka, amma ba ta da alaka kai tsaye da kungiyar.

Ƙungiyar tana haɗin gwiwa tare da Africare, kuma masu aikin sa kai ne ke ba da ma'aikata gaba ɗaya don rage yawan kuɗin da ake samu
## Tarihi
A cikin 2002, magoya bayan ƙungiyar U2 sun sami wahayi daga ziyarar Bono zuwa Uganda kuma sun fara tara kuɗi don rijiya a Afirka.[1] A shekara ta 2005, ƙungiyar sa-kai tana da mambobi 135 kuma ta tara fiye da $110,000.[2]

Kuɗaɗen da aka ba da gudummawa ga Asusun Kula da Lafiyar Afirka ana amfani da shi ne Afirkare, wanda ke aiki tare da al'ummomin gida.[3] Al'ummomin yankin da ke da rijiyar da aikin ya girka sun zaɓi kwamitin masu amfani da ruwa don sa ido da kula da wurin. Wakilan da ke da alaƙa da Afirka waɗanda ke taimakawa kafa rijiyoyin suna amfani da wannan a matsayin wata dama don ilmantar da al'umma game da al'amuran HIV da AIDS[4].

Don bikin cika shekaru 50 na Bono, magoya bayan U2 sun yi ƙoƙarin tara dala 50,000 ga gundumar Buhara a Zimbabwe.[5]
## Manazarta
https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-herald-sun-awfinspiration/147891501/
https://www.newspapers.com/article/omaha-world-herald-awfomaha1/147892102/
https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fglob.12114
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y-5U3JWVvdw
http://www.u2.com/news/title/walk-to-the-water/news/
Mohammed Sinwar

**Mohamed Sinwar** (An haife shi a shekarar 1975) a binrinin Khan Younis. A lokacin yayansa Yhaya Sinwar na da shekara sha uku. Rikici ya sa iyayensu sun baro ƙauyensu da ke kusa da Ashkelon a shekarar 1948 inda suka koma da zama a kudancin birnin Gaza.

A shekarar 1991, an ɗaure Mohammed Sinwar a gidan yarin Isra'ila na Ketziot har tsawon wata tara saboda zargin sa da "ayukan ta'addaci".

A cewar jaridar the Jerusalem Post, Mohammed ya ƙara samun ƙwarin gwiwa da zimma tun daga lokacin da Hamas ta ƙaddamar da hari kan Isra'ila a shekarar 2000 zuwa yanzu. Kamar dai ɗan'uwansa Yahya, shi ma Mohammed Sinwar ya yi suna a lokaci da shi Yahya ke zaman jarun a kurkukun Isra'ila.

Ya samu alaƙa da manyan kwamandojin Hamas da suka yi aiki a tare, cikin su har da Mohammed Deif, Saad al-Arabid, da wasu jagorori da suka bunƙasa ƙungiyar ta Hamas, in ji jaridar.

Jami'an gwamnatin Isra'ila sun ce Mohammed Sinwar na cikin waɗanda ake zargi da yin garkuwa da sojan nan Bayahude Gilad Shalit a 2006, abin da ya yi sanadiyyar aka saki ɗan'uwansa Yahya, bisa yarjejeniyar musayar fursunoni Falasɗinawa1,027.

Mohammed Sinwar ya shafe gomman shekaru yana faman ɓuya domin kaucewa sojojin Isra'ila daga kama shi ko kashe shi.

## Manazarta
Alvaro Carerras

**Alvaro Carerras** An haife shi a Ferrol, Carreras ya fara aikinsa tare da Galicia de Caranza, kafin ya koma kulob din garinsu na Racing de Ferrol a 2007. A lokacin da yake tare da kulob din, ya taka leda a matsayin mai gaba, inda ya zira kwallaye 100 a kakar wasa a cikin matasa. Ya shiga cikin matasan Deportivo de La Coruña a cikin 2012, inda aka canza shi zuwa baya na hagu, kafin ya koma Real Madrid a 2017.

## Ayyukan Kwallo
Carreras ya rattaba hannu a kulob din Premier League Manchester United daga Real Madrid a watan Satumba na 2020 kan kwantiragin shekaru hudu, [6] [7] a cikin sha'awar sauran kungiyoyin Turai kamar Barcelona da Manchester City.[8] Ya fara horo tare da ƙungiyar farko a farkon matakan kakar 2021–22.  

## Manazarta
Sufurin ruwa

Jirgin ruwa shine motsi na ruwa na duniya akan manyan nisa. Hanyoyin sufuri sun kasu kashi uku:

Magudanan ruwa, waɗanda suka haɗa da bututu, magudanar ruwa, ramuka da gadoji

Jigilar kwantena, wanda ya haɗa da jigilar da motar tanki, motar tanki, da jirgin ruwa.

Juyawa, inda ake amfani da tukwat don jan dutsen kankara ko babban jakar ruwa tare da bayansa.

Saboda nauyinsa, jigilar ruwa yana da ƙarfi sosai. Sai dai idan yana da taimakon nauyi, magudanar ruwa ko bututun mai nisa zai buƙaci tashoshi na famfo a lokaci-lokaci. Dangane da wannan, ƙananan matakan juzu'i na canal ya sa ya zama mafi tattalin arziki fiye da bututun. Har ila yau sufurin ruwa ya zama ruwan dare a cikin koguna da kuma tekuna.

## Manazarta.
Tsarin dawo da ruwa (Mamanteo)

Tsarinmu dawo da ruwa (Mamanteo) (ko amuna) wata tsohuwar fasahar tattara ruwa ce da aka kirkiro a yankunan tsaunuka na Peru kafin zuwan Turawa.  Ana amfani da wannan fasaha wajen jinkirta gudun ruwan sama a lokacin damina, ta yadda za a iya amfani da shi a ƙananan yankuna a lokacin rani. 

## Yadda tsarin dawo da ruwa ke Aiki
Tsarin mamanteo yana amfani da rafuka da kuma hanyoyin ruwa don karkatar da ruwan sama zuwa wuraren ƙasa masu ɗaukar ruwa.  Ruwan yana shiga cikin ƙasa ta hanyar waɗannan wurare, sannan ya bayyana a matsayin rijiya ko madatsar ruwa a ƙananan yankuna bayan makonni ko watanni.  Wannan yana taimakawa wajen rage fari da kuma samar da ruwa a lokacin da ake buƙata. 

## Asalin Mamanteo
An yi imani cewa al'adar mamanteo ta samo asali ne daga al'ummar Wari a tsaunukan Andes tun kusan shekara ta 700 AD.  Wasu daga cikin waɗannan tsoffin tsarin an gyara su a ƙarni na 21 domin amfanin birane na zamani. 

## Sabunta Tsarin a Zamanin Yanzu
A birnin Lima, wanda ke fama da ƙarancin ruwa, hukumar ruwa ta ƙasa ta Peru (Sunass) ta haɗa tsarin gine-ginen zamani da na muhalli domin magance matsalar ruwa.  Sun kafa wani asusu na haraji domin tallafawa ayyukan mamanteo.  A shekarar 2016, an riga an gyara tsarin dawo da ruwa mamanteo guda goma. 

Bincike a yankin Huamantanga ya nuna cewa fadada wannan tsarin na iya ƙara lokacin girbi ga manoma da kuma rage tasirin fari.  Hakanan, rahoton binciken haɗarin sauyin yanayi daga hukumomin nazarin akan ruwa na Peru ya haɗa da gyaran amunas a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da ke da ƙarancin kuɗi amma babban amfani wajen kula da ruwa. 

## Muhimmancin Mamanteo
Tattara ruwa na halitta don amfani a lokacin rani.

Rage haɗarin fari da kuma samar da ruwa mai ɗorewa.

Haɗa fasahar gargajiya da ta zamani wajen kula da albarkatun ruwa. 

## Manazarta

Tegel, Simeon (22 March 2011). "The desert city in serious danger of running dry". *The Independent*. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
Dajin Varzea

**Dajin várzea** wani dajin ne na lokaci-lokaci na ambaliya da kogunan farin ruwa suka mamaye da ke faruwa a cikin biome na Amazon. Har zuwa ƙarshen 1970s, ma'anar ba ta da kyau sosai kuma ana amfani da várzea ga duk dazuzzuka na Amazon na lokaci-lokaci.

Ko da yake wani lokacin ana kwatanta shi da ya ƙunshi dazuzzuka kawai, várzea kuma yana ƙunshe da ƙarin buɗaɗɗiya, wuraren da ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye lokaci-lokaci kamar filayen ciyawa, gami da makiyaya masu iyo.

## Bayyanawa
Tare da kogin Amazon da yawancin magudanan ruwa, yawan ruwan sama na shekara-shekara wanda ke faruwa mafi yawa a cikin lokacin damina yana haifar da yawan ambaliya na yanayi daga rafi da magudanar ruwa. Sakamakon shine hawan 10-15 m (33-49 ft) a matakin ruwa, tare da ruwa mai gina jiki.

Iquitos várzea ecoregion yana rufe iyakar Amazon na sama da kuma yankunanta. A ƙasa akwai Purus várzea a tsakiyar Amazon, Monte Alegre várzea da Gurupa várzea a kan ƙananan Amazon da Marajó várzea a bakin Amazon. Marajó várzea yana shafar ruwa mai daɗi da ruwa.

Ana iya raba gandun daji na Várzea zuwa kashi biyu: ƙananan várzea da várzea mai girma. Za a iya rarraba ƙananan dazuzzukan várzea ta ƙananan wuraren kwance inda rukunin ruwa na shekara yana da matsakaicin tsayi fiye da 3 m (10 ft), inda lokacin ambaliya ya fi kwanaki 50 a kowace shekara. An rarraba manyan dazuzzukan várzea a matsayin wuraren da matsakaicin ginshiƙin ruwa na shekara bai kai tsayin mita 3 (10 ft) ba kuma lokacin ambaliya bai wuce kwanaki 50 a shekara ba. Dazuzzukan várzea na Amazon suna cike da wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki, kogunan ruwan farin ruwa masu yawa kamar su Solimões-Amazon, Purus, da kogin Madeira. Wannan ya sa yankunan várzea suka bambanta da igapós, ambaliya daga ruwan baƙar fata mara kyau. Juyin yanayin ruwa wanda várzea ke fuskanta yana haifar da yanayi daban-daban na ruwa da na ƙasa a cikin shekara. Ruwan ruwan fari na Amazonian ya mamaye fili fiye da 300,000 km2 (120,000 sq mi), da gandun daji na várzea sun rufe kusan kilomita 180,000 (69,000 sq mi) na kwarin Amazon. 68% na kogin Amazonian yana cikin Brazil, tare da sauran wuraren da ke Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname, da Guyana.[6] várzea ta taso daga wannan kwandon sama zuwa cikin ƙasa kafin a kai ga gangara zuwa cikin dazuzzukan dazuzzuka.

## Manazarta
El paso and southwestern railway water

## Hanyar jirgin kasa ta El Paso da Kudu maso Yamma (EP&SW) tana da tsarin samar da ruwa, musamman Bonito Pipeline.

## wanda aka jera a cikin National Register of Historic Places. Wannan tsarin, wanda aka fi sani da Bonito Pipeline, an gina shi a cikin 1908. Titin jirgin kasa ya ratsa yankuna maras kyau na New Mexico, Texas, da Arizona, yana nuna buƙatar hanyoyin samar da ruwa a waɗannan yankuna. Ƙira da ginin tsarin sun haɗa da shawo kan ƙalubalen yanki da muhalli, kamar yadda aka tabbatar da cikakken tattaunawar injiniya da ƙayyadaddun bayanai.

## Bututun Bonito:
Wannan tsarin, wani bangare ne na samar da ruwa mai girma ga hanyar dogo, an yi shi ne ta hanyar amfani da bututun katako kuma an rufe shi da kwalta.

## Yankin Aid:
Hanyar waƙa ta EP&SW a cikin ƙazamar Kudu maso Yamma ta nuna buƙatar ingantaccen tsarin samar da ruwa.

## Kalubalen Injiniya:
Tsarin tsarin samar da ruwa na layin dogo ya ƙunshi hanyoyin fasaha don shawo kan ƙalubalen yankin, gami da juriyar juriya a cikin bututu da la'akari da darajar ruwa.

## Muhimmancin Tarihi:
An gane bututun Bonito a matsayin muhimmin misali na aikin injiniya da sarrafa ruwa a kudu maso yammacin Amurka.

## Tushen Ruwa:
Duk da yake ba a bayyana a sarari a cikin duk sakamakon bincike ba, Rio Grande babban tushen ruwa ne ga El Paso, kuma ruwan dusar ƙanƙara yana rinjayar kwararar sa a cikin jeri na tsaunin da ke kewaye.
Strait

**STRAIT**

Makarkashiya shine jikin ruwa wanda ke hada tekuna biyu ko kwalayen ruwa. Ruwan saman saman yana, a mafi yawan bangare, a tsayi daya daga bangarorin biyu kuma yana gudana ta mashigar ta bangarorin biyu, kodayake yanayin saman yana takaita magudanar ruwa kadan. A cikin wasu kunkunwar akwai madaukakin halin yanzu.Galibi, magudanar hanya ce mai kunkuntar da ke tsakanin talakawan kasa biyu. Matsakaicin wuri ne don tara ruwa, tare da adadin adadin yashi yawanci yana faruwa akan madaidaicin magudanar ruwa biyu, suna samar da magoya baya ko deltas. Wasu matsugunan ba sa kewayawa saboda, alal misali, sun yi kunkuntar ko kuma ba su da zurfi sosai, ko kuma saboda rafin da ba za a iya kewayawa ba.

## KALMOMI
Sharuddan tashar, wucewa, ko nassi na iya zama iri daya kuma ana amfani da su tare da matsi, ko da yake kowane lokaci ana bambanta su da mabanbantan hankali. A Scotland, firth ko Kyle suma wani lokaci ana amfani da su azaman makasudin makasudi.Matsaloli da yawa suna da mahimmancin tattalin arziki. Magudanar ruwa na iya zama mahimman hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki kuma an yi yaki don sarrafa su.

An gina tashoshi da yawa na wucin gadi, da ake kira canals, don haɗa tekuna ko teku biyu a kan ƙasa, kamar Suez Canal. Ko da yake koguna da magudanan ruwa sukan ba da hanya tsakanin manyan tafkuna guda biyu, kuma wadannan da alama sun dace da ma'anar magudanar ruwa, ba a saba kiransu da haka ba. Rafuka da sau da yawa magudanan ruwa, gabaɗaya suna da mabubbugar shugabanci da ke daure da canje-canje a tsayi, yayin da matsi sau da yawa ba su da kyauta da ke gudana ta kowace hanya ko canza alkibla, suna kiyaye tsayi iri ɗaya. Kalmar matsi yawanci ana tanadar don mafi girma, faffadan fasalulluka na yanayin ruwa. Akwai kebancewa, tare da matsi da ake kira canals; Pearse Canal, alal misali.

## Kwatanta
Matsakaicin su ne converse na isthmuses. Wato yayin da mashigin ya ke tsakanin talakawan kasa guda biyu kuma ya hada manyan yankuna biyu na teku, isthmus yana tsakanin bangarorin teku guda biyu kuma ya hada manyan kasa guda biyu.

Wasu magudanan ruwa suna da yuwuwar samar da gagarumin wutar lantarki ta amfani da injin turbin rafi. Tides sun fi tsinkaya fiye da ƙarfin igiyar ruwa ko ƙarfin iska. Pentland Firth (matsala) na iya iya samar da 10 G

W.[1] Cook Strait a New Zealand na iya iya samar da 5.6 GW[2] ko da yake jimillar makamashin da ke cikin kwararar shine 15 GW.

## Manazarta
1.Marine Briefing" (December 2006) Scottish Renewables Forum. Glasgow.

2.The Energetics of Large Tidal Turbine Arrays, Ross Vennell, 2012, preprint submitted to Royal Society, 2011."

3.Estimating the power potential of tidal currents and the impact of power extraction on flow speeds. Ross Vennell, 2011"
Narkakken ruwa

Narkakken ruwa na nufin ruwan da ke samuwa daga narkewar dusar ƙanƙara ko kankara, kamar wanda ke fitowa daga dusar ƙanƙara, kankara, ko kankara masu yawo a teku.  Ana samun wannan ruwa ne a lokacin bazara ko lokacin da zafin rana ya karu, wanda ke haifar da narkewar dusar ƙanƙara da kankara.  Hakanan, narkewar kankara na iya faruwa a lokacin fashewar tsaunin wuta ko kuma ta hanyar zafin da ke fitowa daga ƙasa.  

## Muhimmancin narkakken
Tushen Ruwa: narkakken ruwa yana ba da ruwa mai amfani ga mutane da yawa a duniya, musamman a yankunan da ke dogaro da narkewar dusar ƙanƙara don samun ruwa na sha, noman rani, da kuma samar da wutar lantarki.  

Tasirin Sauyin Yanayi: Sauyin yanayi na haifar da narkewar kankara da dusar ƙanƙara cikin sauri, wanda ke iya haifar da hauhawar matakin teku da kuma barazanar ambaliya.  

Tasirin Muhalli: narkakken ruwa na iya rage hasken da kankara ke nunawa (albedo), wanda ke kara narkewar kankara da dusar ƙanƙara, yana haifar da ƙarin narkewa da kuma tasiri ga tsarin muhalli.  

## Matsalolin narkakken ruwa
Ambaliya: Tarin narkakken ruwa na iya haifar da ambaliya, musamman idan ya taru a cikin tafkuna na ƙasa (subglacial lakes) ko kuma idan ya haifar da fashewar ƙanƙara.  

Tasirin Rayuwa: Canje-canjen da meltwater ke haifarwa na iya shafar rayuwar dabbobi da tsirrai da ke dogaro da tsarin yanayi mai sanyi.  

## Manazarta

## Milner, Alexander M.; Khamis, Kieran; Battin, Tom J.; Brittain, John E.; Barrand, Nicholas E.; Füreder, Leopold; Cauvy-Fraunié, Sophie; Gíslason, Gísli Már; Jacobsen, Dean; Hannah, David M.; Hodson, Andrew J. (2017-09-12). "Glacier shrinkage driving global changes in downstream systems". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (37): 9770–9778. Bibcode:2017PNAS..114.9770M. doi:10.1073/pnas.1619807114. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 5603989.
"Snowfall giving Lake Mead a lift". Las Vegas Review-Journal. 2011-08-07. Retrieved 2021-05-30.

"Melting snow and groundwater levels in Sierra Nevadas". *ScienceDaily*. Retrieved 2021-05-30.
Tafkin Nzilo

**Tafkin Nzilo** (tsohon Tafkin Delcommune, kuma Lac del Commune) tafki ne wanda madatsar ruwa ta kafa a kan Kogin Lualaba a Lardin Haut-Lomami na kudancin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo. 

Yana da nisan kimanin kilomita 10 (16  daga arewa maso gabashin babban yankin hakar jan ƙarfe na Kolwezi.

An samo sunan tafkin daga sunan sojan Belgium kuma mai bincike Alexandre Delcommune.

## Dam
An gina madatsar ruwa tare da tashar wutar lantarki don samar da wutar lantarki don ayyukan hakar jan ƙarfe.

## Ruwa
Hakanan tafkin yana ba da tushen ruwa don waɗannan ayyukan.

Wurin ya kasance yanki ne mai tuddai tare da Kogin Lualaba kafin a toshe shi.

### Rashin gurɓata da nishaɗi
Kodayake tafkin yana da gurɓata daga ma'adinin jan ƙarfe, schistosomiasis yana da alama yana bunƙasa kuma an ba da rahoton kamuwa da cuta da yawa.

Ya zuwa shekara ta 2007 tafkin ya shahara tare da al'ummar kasashen waje don wasanni na ruwa na karshen mako.

## Manazarta
Abdulkadir Aliyu Mahe

**Yarima Abdulkadir Aliyu Mahe** (1951 - 28 Disamba 2024) ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne kuma sakataren gwamnatin jihar Kwara kuma shugaban ma'aikata na gwamnan jihar Kwara Mallam AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq har zuwa rasuwarsa.  

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Mahe a shekarar 1951 a Ilorin, karamar hukumar Ilorin ta kudu a Jihar Kwara, kasar Najeriya. Ya karanta Business Administration a Jami'ar Calabar, inda ya samu digiri na biyu. Bugu da kari, ya samu takardar shaidar kammala difloma ta kasa(ND) da kuma babbar difloma(HND)a fannin kasuwanci daga Kaduna Polytechnic da kuma Kwara State Polytechnic, bi da bi. 

A watan Satumbar 2023, an zaɓi Mahe a matsayin sakataren gwamnatin jihar Kwara, mukamin da ya rike kafin a nada shi a matsayin shugaban ma’aikatan gwamnan jihar Kwara, Mallam AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq. Mahe, wanda ya kasance sakataren dindindin wanda yayi ritaya, ya kuma taba zama tsohon magatakarda a majalisar dokokin Jihar Kwara.   

Mahe ya mutu a ranar 28 ga watan Disamba, 2024. 

## Manazarta
Fuse indict

Wikipedia, Encyclopedia kyauta

Don sauran amfani, gani Fuse.

Fus

A wani lokaci na jinkirtar da lokaci-250 v fis wanda zai katse wata 0.3 a halin yanzu a bayan 100 s, ko 15 s. 32 MM (1/4 a ciki) tsawo.

Kunnen Styest m

Ka'idar aiki ta narke daga mai ɗaukar hoto saboda zafi da aka samar ta hanyar wuce gona da iri na yau da kullun

Alamar Lantarki

Alamar lantarki don Fuse

A cikin lantarki da injiniyan lantarki, fis na na'urar aminci tsaro ne wanda ke aiki don samar da kariya ta cika lantarki na da'irar lantarki. Abubuwan da ke sanannan waya ne na ƙarfe ko tsiri da ke narkewa yayin da suke gudana a halin yanzu, don haka tsayawa ko katsewar ta yanzu. Na'urar ba ta sadarwa ce; Da zarar Fuse tayi aiki, da'irar buɗe ido ce, kuma dole a maye gurbin ko sake aikawa, gwargwadon nau'in.

An yi amfani da Fusees a matsayin ingantattun na'urori masu mahimmanci daga farkon injin injiniyoyin lantarki. A yau akwai dubun dubatan zane daban-daban waɗanda ke da takamaiman ma'aunin halin yanzu da ƙarfin lantarki, da kuma lokutan mayar da martani, dangane da aikace-aikacen. Lokaci da kuma halayen aikin fis na yanzu an zaɓi su ba da isasshen kariya ba tare da katsewa da ba shi da matsala. Ka'idojin Wiring yawanci suna ayyana mafi girman Fuse na yanzu don musamman da'irori. Za'a iya amfani da Fuse don rage gajeren da'irori, saukad da, lodi, abubuwan ɗorewa, ko gazawa. Lokacin da wani waya mai lalacewa ya yi lamba tare da yanayin ƙarfe da aka haɗa ƙasa, wani ɗan gajeren yanki zai samar da kuma Fuse zai narke.

Fusewariya hanya ce ta atomatik hanyar cire iko daga tsarin da ba ta dace ba, sau da yawa cire haɗin kai na samar da wadata). Circtuit na fashewa sun maye gurbin 'ya'ya a cikin mahaɗan, amma har yanzu ana amfani da halaye daban-daban, kuma an yi amfani da Fusees lokacin da sarari ne masu mahimmanci ko farashi masu mahimmanci ne.

## Tarihi
Shigarwa na lantarki

Wiring aiki ta yankin ko ƙasa

Aut Arewa Uni United Computer

Ka'idodin Shigarwa na lantarki

BS 7671 Dokokin Wiring na Burtaniya IEC 60364 IEC Standard Code Code Code Code Code (CE Code) U.s. Lambar Wuta ta Kasa (Nec)

Cabling da kayan haɗi

AC Power Matosai

Canza da na'urorin kariya

Afci Elcb Elcby Tsarin Busar tsarin Cirrun Cirbor Raga Druse Rashi-Na'ura ta Kamfanin Kula da Gudanar da Na'ura

vte

Louis Buget François Bude ya ba da shawarar yin amfani da ragi-sashen masu gudanarwa don kare kamfanonin sashen daga wasan walƙiya; Ta narkewa, ƙananan wayoyi za su kare kayan aiki da wiring a cikin ginin. Abubuwan da ke da dama ko abubuwan da ake ciki na abubuwa da yawa suna amfani da su don kare igiyoyi na tebur da shigarwa na hasken rana kamar 1864. An mallaka ta hanyar Thomas Edison a cikin 1890 a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin rarraba lantarki.
Tafkin Vernal

**Tafkin vernal**, wanda kuma ake kira tafkunan vernal ko tafkunan ephemeral, tafkunan ruwa ne na yanayi na yanayi waɗanda ke ba da wurin zama ga ciyayi da dabbobi daban-daban. Ana la'akari da su a matsayin wani nau'in dausayi na musamman wanda yawanci ba shi da kifaye, don haka yana ba da damar haɓaka lafiya na amphibian da nau'in ƙwari waɗanda ba za su iya jure gasa ko tsinuwar kifin ba. Wasu zuriyar kifin wurare masu zafi (kamar killifishes) duk da haka sun dace da wannan wurin musamman.

Vernal wuraren waha nau'in ciyayi ne. Za a iya kewaye su da al'ummomi / nau'o'i da yawa ciki har da gandun daji, ciyayi, gandun daji na Lodgepole, itacen itacen oak mai launin shuɗi, sagebrush steppe, ƙwanƙarar bakin teku da kuma prairie. Waɗannan wuraren tafkuna suna da yanayin yanayin Bahar Rum, amma suna faruwa a cikin sauran halittu masu yawa.

## Tsari da ci gaban shekara
A cikin mafi yawan shekaru, rafin ruwa na vernal zai fuskanci ambaliya daga ruwan sama/hazo, sannan kuma bushewa daga ƙawance. Waɗannan sharuɗɗan suna da alaƙa da yanayin Bahar Rum kamar tsakiyar kwarin California. Wuraren tafki na Vernal sau da yawa halayen yanayin yanayin Bahar Rum ne, amma suna faruwa a cikin sauran halittu masu yawa, kamar wuraren dazuzzuka na Garkuwar Kanada, inda suke da wahalar ganowa saboda dajin. Yawancin wuraren tafkuna suna bushe aƙalla wani ɓangare na shekara, kuma suna cika da ruwan sama na hunturu, dusar ƙanƙara ta bazara da tasoshin ruwa. Wasu wuraren tafkuna na iya kasancewa aƙalla cike da ruwa a cikin tsawon shekara guda ko fiye, amma duk wuraren tafkuna suna bushewa lokaci-lokaci. Yawanci, ko da yake, tafkin vernal yana da matakai uku a kowace shekara: yana cike da ruwa a cikin hunturu (lokacin da ba a cika ba) tare da tafkin vernal da ke riƙe da ruwa daga kwanaki 10-65, yana bushewa a hankali a lokacin bazara (lokacin fure), kuma yana bushewa gaba ɗaya a lokacin rani (bushe lokaci). Tafkunan Vernal sun fi son jinsunan asali saboda yawancin nau'ikan da ba na asali ba ba za su iya jure wa matsanancin canjin yanayi na yanayi ba.

Wasu wuraren tafkunan vernal suna da laka mai yumɓu (wanda kuma aka sani da hardpan) wanda ke rage ɓarnar ruwa. Ruwan da ba zai iya jurewa ba shine hydrophobic kuma yana hana ruwa daga magudanar ruwa zuwa cikin ƙasan ƙasa, yana barin wuraren tafki su zama cikin ruwa na dogon lokaci. Wannan yanayin tafkunan vernal yana nufin cewa ana barin ruwan ya ƙafe a hankali maimakon magudanar ruwa. Wannan shi ne babban abin da ke haifar da ci gaban al'ummomin shukar wuraren shakatawa na vernal yayin da yake kiyaye ƙasa a gefen ruwa don kawai jikewa ga al'ummomin tsire-tsire na vernal su bunƙasa yayin da waɗanda ke kusa da tsakiyar tafkin suka fi mamayewa, wanda ke haifar da yanki na yankunan shuka yayin da matakin ruwa ya koma baya. Wannan Layer na yumbu kuma yana ba da damar wuraren tafki su wanzu tsawon lokaci don hana nau'ikan da ke sama daga tasowa, yayin da suke da isasshen lokaci don hana nau'in tsire-tsire na ruwa daga mamayewa.

## Manazarta
Vanessa Angel

**Otto Vanessa Madeline Angel** (an haifeta ne a ranar 10 ga watan nuwamba a shekarar 1966) dan wasan Ingila ne kuma tsohon abin koyi. An santa da rawar da ta taka a cikin jerin talabijin Weird Science da Stargate SG-1, da kuma yin tauraro a cikin fim ɗin Kingpin.

## Manazarta
Main river

Manyan kogunawani nau'in magudanar ruwa ne na ka'ida a Ingila da Wales, yawanci koguna da koguna masu girma, amma kuma wasu ƙananan magudanan ruwa. An tsara babban kogin ta hanyar sanya masa alama a kan babban taswirar kogin, kuma yana iya haɗawa da kowane tsari ko kayan aiki don sarrafawa ko daidaita kwararar ruwa a ciki, shiga ko fita daga babban kogin. Duk sauran buɗaɗɗiyar hanyar ruwa a Ingila da Wales an ƙaddara ta hanyar ƙa'ida a matsayin 'talaƙin ruwa'.
Ruwa makamashi nexus

**Matsakaicin makamashi ruwa** shine alaƙar da ke tsakanin ruwan da ake amfani da shi don samar da makamashi, ciki har da wutar lantarki da tushen mai kamar man fetur da iskar gas, da makamashin da ake amfani da shi don hakowa, tsarkakewa, isarwa, zafi / sanyi, bi da zubar da ruwa (da ruwan sha) wani lokaci ana kiransa ƙarfin makamashi (EI). Ana buƙatar makamashi a kowane mataki na zagayowar ruwa tun daga samarwa, motsi, magani da dumama ruwa zuwa tattarawa da kuma kula da ruwan sha. Dangantakar da gaske ba rufaffiyar madogara ba ce kamar yadda ruwan da ake amfani da shi don samar da makamashi bai kamata ya zama ruwan da ake sarrafa shi ta hanyar amfani da makamashin ba, amma duk nau'ikan samar da makamashi na bukatar wasu bayanai na ruwa da ke sa dangantakar ba za ta rabu ba.

Daga cikin binciken farko da aka yi don kimanta dangantakar ruwa da makamashi akwai nazarin yanayin rayuwa wanda Peter Gleick ya gudanar a cikin 1994 wanda ya nuna haɗin kai kuma ya fara nazarin haɗin gwiwa na ruwa da makamashi.

## Manazarta.
Stream pool

**STREAM POOL**

A cikin ilimin kimiyyar ruwa, tafkin rafi wani shimfida ne na kogi ko rafi wanda zurfin ruwa ya wuce matsakaici kuma saurin ruwa yana ƙasa da matsakaici.

## Formation
Tafkin rafi na iya kwanciya da laka ko kuma sanye da tsakuwa, kuma a wasu lokuta ana iya kafa tafkin ruwa a matsayin kwano a cikin shimfidar shimfidar wuri. Plunge pools, ko tudun ruwa, tafkunan rafi ne da aka kafa ta hanyar aikin magudanan ruwa. Ana yin tafkuna sau da yawa a wajen wani lanƙwasa a cikin wani kogi mai ma'ana.

## Dynamics
Zurfafawa da rashin saurin ruwa yakan haifar da rarrabuwa a cikin tafkunan rafi, musamman a yankuna masu zafi. A yankuna masu zafi na Yammacin Amurka, an gano ruwan saman yana da 3-9 ° C sama da na ƙasa.

## Manazarta
M hasumiya

Hasumiya ci ko hasumiya ta hanyar wani tsarin tubular ne mai ban sha'awa tare da ɗaya ko fiye da kuma isar da shi ga shuka mai ruwa-ruwa.

Ba kamar wadataccen sakamako ba, ana nufin hasumiya na yau da kullun don aikin na yau da kullun na tafki na yau da kullun, isar da tsabta, shaye-shaye mai tsabta don ƙarin amfani.

## Gini
Matsayi na ci gaba ne yawanci daga karfafa kankare, tare da tushe wanda aka sanya a cikin kogin ko tafkin gado. Yana da akalla buɗewar ruwa guda ɗaya a saman, kuma yana iya samun ƙarin buɗewa tare da tsayinsa, yayin da waɗanda ke cikin tsire-tsire masu sarrafa ruwa suna da dala-offets da yawa. Kusa da kasan hasumiya, ya danganta da damina da shuka wurin da aka kwance ko kuma an yanka shi a cikin Hasumiyar a cikin shuka.

Mafi dacewa wurin zama don tsinkayar hasumiya yana cikin kusancin shuka. A cikin tabkuna na wucin gadi, waɗanda ake sanya su a kusa da dam. Lake Bed kusa da dam din kuma yana samar da isasshen zurfin ruwa don tabbatar da wadatar wadatar da hasumiya a duk shekara, saboda haka hasumiyar hasumiyar za a iya gani a kai a kai.

A lokacin da gina kusa da gaci, hasumiya hasumiya sanye da gada, ana amfani da su don samun damar tabbatarwa.

Hasumiyar Hasumiya

Zane-kashe towers ne ke haifar da hasumiya Towers don shan kayan ruwa ruwa. Suna da buɗewa a cikin zurbuka daban-daban, yawanci suna da bawuloli, suna ba da ruwa kawai daga matakin inda yake da inganci.
Kwandon ruwa

Wurin shayarwa (ko wurin shayar da ruwa na wucin gadi) wani tangaran ne na mutum ko na halitta wanda aka yi niyya don samar da ruwan sha ga dabbobi, dabbobi a gonaki ko kiwo ko namun daji.

A Ostiraliya, an kafa magudanar ruwa domin tumaki, shanu da sauran dabbobin gida su sha, amma ana iya jan hankalin nau'ikan na asali irin su kangaroo. Don rage wannan, an kera wasu magudanan ruwa don rage amfani da su ko kuma a cire su daga wannan amfani. Ɗaya daga cikin zane shi ne "Finlayson Trough", wanda ke amfani da wayar lantarki mai ƙananan kwance wanda tumaki sukan bi amma kangaroo ba zai iya ba.

## Manazarta.
Mugudanar ruwa

## Mugudanar ruwa (gada)
Daga Wikipedia, encyclopedia na kyauta
Wannan labarin game da tsari ne. Don wasan katin, duba gadar kwangila. Don wasu amfani, duba gada (raguwa) da gadoji (raguwa).

Gadar katako na wucin gadi wanda ke kaiwa Luang Prabang a cikin Laos
Gada wani tsari ne da aka gina don yawo da cikas (kamar ruwa, kwari, hanya, ko layin dogo) ba tare da toshe hanyar da ke ƙasa ba. An gina shi don manufar samar da hanya a kan cikas, wanda yawanci wani abu ne wanda ke da wuya ko wuya a haye. Akwai zane-zane daban-daban na gadoji, kowannensu yana aiki da manufa ta musamman kuma yana dacewa da yanayi daban-daban. Zane-zanen gadoji ya bambanta dangane da abubuwan da suka shafi aikin gadar, yanayin wurin da aka gina gadar da anga, kayan da aka yi amfani da su, da kuma kudaden da ake samu don gina ta.

Wataƙila an yi manyan gadoji na farko da bishiyoyi da suka faɗo da tsakuwa. Mutanen Neolithic sun gina gadoji na jirgin ruwa a kan gabar ruwa. Gadar Arkadiko, tun daga karni na 13 BC, a cikin Peloponnese na ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin gadoji da ake amfani da su.
## Manazarta
https://archive.org/details/conciseoxforddic0000unse_t1j9/
Abutkeht

Abutment shine tsarin ƙasa a ƙarshen gada ko dam da ke tallafawa tsarinsa.[1] Gada guda-ɗaya suna da abubuwan ɓangarorin a kowane ƙarshen waɗanda ke ba da tallafi na tsaye da na gefe don tazara, da kuma yin aiki azaman bangon riƙon don tsayayya da motsi na ƙasa na cikar hanyar gada. Gadaje masu tsayi da yawa suna buƙatar raƙuman ruwa don tallafawa ƙarshen tazara marasa goyan baya ta hanyar ɓangarorin.[2] Matsalolin dam gabaɗaya gefen kwarin ne ko kwazazzabo, amma yana iya zama na wucin gadi don tallafawa madatsun ruwa kamar Dam Kurobe a Japan.[1][3] Kalmar injiniyan farar hula na iya komawa ga tsarin da ke goyan bayan gefe ɗaya na baka,[4] ko masonry da ake amfani da shi don tsayayya da rundunonin runduna ta gefe.[5] Ƙididdiga ko abacus na ginshiƙi a cikin gine-gine na gargajiya na iya zama abin ƙyama ga baka. Kalmar ta samo asali ne daga kalmar "abut", ma'ana "taɓawa ta hanyar iyakar juna".

## Amfani
Ana iya amfani da abutment don canja wurin kaya daga babban gini zuwa tushe, don tsayayya ko canja wurin nauyin kai, lodi na gefe (kamar matsa lamba na ƙasa) da nauyin iska, don tallafawa ɗayan ƙarshen shingen kusanci, ko daidaita ƙarfi a tsaye da a kwance a cikin gadar baka.
## Reference
1. Abbett, Robert W. (1957). American Civil Engineering Practice. Vol. III. New York: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 26–22&26–32
Magudanan ruwa

Rafi ko kogin da ba ya dawwama shine rafi ko kogi (tashar) wanda ko da yaushe yana gudana a wasu sassa duk shekara a cikin shekarun da aka saba da shi. Rafukan rafukan da ba su da yawa sun bambanta da rafuffuka masu tsaka-tsaki; wanda yawanci yakan daina kwarara na tsawon makonni ko watanni a kowace shekara. Hakanan sun bambanta da rafukan da ke gudana na tsawon sa'o'i ko kwanaki bayan ruwan sama. A cikin shekarun bushewa da ba a saba gani ba, rafi na iya daina gudana. A cikin fari, ƙila ba za su gudana ba har tsawon watanni. Bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin rafukan shekara-shekara, tsaka-tsaki, da ƙoramar ephemeral ba daidai ba ne kuma suna iya canzawa idan ƙungiyoyi daban-daban suna amfani da matakan daban-daban.

A cikin bushewar yanayi mai yiwuwa ba za a iya ganin ruwan yana gudana ba, ko ganin wani ruwa kwata-kwata. A cikin rafukan da ke da tsakuwa, yashi ko dutsen ƙasa, ruwan na iya gudana ƙarƙashin ƙasa ko tsakanin duwatsu. A cikin ilmin halitta, rafi yana gudana idan akwai isasshen ruwa don tallafawa rayuwar ruwa, ciki har da kifaye da amphibians masu numfashi, kwari na benthic, crustaceans, da mollusks. Waɗannan suna iya rayuwa a cikin ƙaƙƙarfan ruwa mai zurfi a ƙarƙashin duwatsu ko katako. Magudanar na iya zama ƙanƙanta ta yadda ba za a iya auna shi ta hanyar kayan auna magudanar ruwa[2].

## Manazarta
Catchwater

Na'urar da ke kama ruwa babbar na'ura ce da mutum ya kera don kama kwararar ruwa daga tsaunuka da kuma sararin sama daga hazo ta hanyar isar da shi zuwa tafki don kasuwanci da kuma amfanin gida daga baya. Ruwan ruwa yana da karancin albarkatun kasa saboda gurbatar yanayi, fari da yawan jama'a.[1] Catchwater wata hanya ce mai ɗorewa don ƙara ruwan sha a wuraren da ke fuskantar fari ko gurɓatattun hanyoyin ruwa. Magudanar ruwa yana rage saurin gudu da ruwan guguwa don ragewa da hana zaizayewa da sauran matsalolin muhalli.

## Manazarta
Ruwa dala

Pyramid na Ruwa ko Pyramid na WaterPyramid wani yanki ne na kauye har yanzu, wanda aka ƙera shi don sarrafa ruwa ta amfani da makamashin hasken rana ga al'ummomin da ke nesa ba tare da sauƙin samun ruwa mai tsafta ba. Yana ba da hanyar da al'ummomi za su iya samar da ruwan sha daga saline, busasshiyar ruwa ko gurbataccen ruwa.

## labari
Martijn Nitzsche, injiniyan injiniya daga Netherlands, ya kafa Aqua-Aero Water Systems don haɓaka tsarin kula da ruwa da tsaftacewa. A farkon 2000s, kamfanin ya ƙirƙira fasahar WaterPyramid.[1]
Swamp

**fadama**

Famawa yanki ne mai dazuzzuka. Ana daukar fadama a matsayin yankunan canji saboda kasa da ruwa suna taka rawa wajen samar da wannan yanayi. Famawa sun bambanta da girma kuma suna cikin ko'ina cikin duniya. Ruwan fadama na iya zama ruwa mai dadi, ruwa mara nauyi, ko ruwan teku.Ruwan ruwa mai ɗorewa yana tasowa tare da manyan koguna ko tafkuna inda suke dogaro sosai kan ruwan sama da ambaliya na yanayi don kiyaye yanayin yanayin ruwa.[2][3] Ana samun gulmar ruwan gishiri tare da wurare masu zafi da bakin teku.Wasu fadama suna da hamma, ko busasshen busasshiyar ƙasa, da ciyayi na ruwa suka rufe su, ko ciyayi waɗanda ke jure komowar ƙasa lokaci-lokaci. Manyan nau'ikan fadama guda biyu su ne "gaskiya" ko dazuzzukan fadama da "canzawa" ko fadamar shrub.A cikin yankuna na Kanada, ana amfani da kalmar fadama ga abin da ake kira bog, fen, ko muskeg. Ana samun wasu manyan fadama a duniya tare da manyan koguna kamar Amazon, Mississippi, da Kongo.

## Manazarta
1.Keddy, P.A. 2010. Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 497 p.

2.swamp". National Geographic Society. 2011-01-21. Archived from the original on 2021-03-03. Retrieved 2019-09-26.

3.Hughes, F.M.R. (ed.). 2003. The Flooded Forest: Guidance for policy makers and river managers in Europe on the restoration of floodplain forests. FLOBAR2, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. 96 p.
Dam din Meraldene

**Dam din Meraldene**, ko Barrage Meraldene، madatsar ruwa ce a kan Kogin Meraldene. 

## Ginawa
An ba da tsarin ƙirar wannan aikin ga injiniyan-masanin gine-gine, Henri Chauzy, wanda ke da ofishinsa a birnin Algiers.

An amince da aikin don aiwatar da wannan tsarin ruwa a ranar 24 ga watan Mayu 1911 don aiwatar da samar da ruwa na Kogin Meraldene da kuma gina madatsar ruwan ita kanta.

## Manazarta