Kathleen Ollerenshaw

**Dame Kathleen Mary Ollerenshaw**, DBE ( *née* **Timpson** ; 1 Oktoba 1912 - 10 ga Agusta 2014) ƴar lissafin Burtaniya ce kuma ɗan siyasa wacce ta kasance Lord Magajin garin Manchester daga shekarar 1975 zuwa 1976 kuma mai ba da shawara kan lamuran ilimi ga gwamnatin Margaret Thatcher a cikin shekara ta 1980s.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haife ta Kathleen Mary Timpson a cikin Withington, Manchester, inda ta halarci Makarantar Lady Barn (1918-26).  Ita ce jikan wanda ya kafa kasuwancin gyaran takalma na Timpson, wanda ya koma Manchester daga Kettering kuma ya kafa kasuwancin a can tun a shekarar 1870.  Ta kasance mai sha'awar ilimin lissafi, wanda shugabar Lady Barn, Miss Jenkin Jones ya yi wahayi. Yayin da yake a Lady Barn, ta sadu da mijinta na gaba, Robert Ollerenshaw.

Ollerenshaw ta zama kurma gabaki ɗaya tana ƴar shekara takwas kuma an koya masa karatun leɓe . Ta jajirce wajen nazarin ilimin lissafi domin bai dogara da ji ba. Wata shugabar makarantar ta Lady Barn House ta kara zaburar da ita wacce ta yi karatun lissafi a Cambridge . 

A matsayinta na budurwa, ta halarci Makarantar St Leonards da Kwalejin Form na shida da ke St Andrews, Scotland inda a yau ake sanya wa gidan samari maza suna. Tana da shekaru 19 ta sami damar shiga Kwalejin Somerville, Oxford, don yin karatun lissafi. Ta kammala digirinta a Somerville a shekarar 1945 akan "Critical Lattices" karkashin kulawar Theo Chaundy . Ta rubuta takardun bincike na asali guda biyar waɗanda suka ishe ta don samun digiri na DPhil ba tare da buƙatar rubutaccen rubutun ba. 

Yayin da take karatun digiri na biyu, ta shiga tare da Robert Ollerenshaw, wanda ya zama fitaccen likitan soja ( Colonel RGW Ollerenshaw, ERD, TD, BM, DMRD)    da kuma majagaba na likita . Sun yi aure a watan Satumban shekarar 1939 kuma suna da 'ya'ya biyu, Charles (1941-99) da Florence (1946-72). A shekara ta 1942 ta sami zubewar ciki kuma ta “yi kuka ba tsayawa har tsawon kwanaki uku” sakamakon damuwa sa’ad da aka aika mijinta a ƙasar waje don hidimar yaƙi a gaba. 

## Sana'a
Bayan yaƙin duniya na biyu, Ollerenshaws ya koma Manchester, inda Kathleen ta yi aiki a matsayin malami na wucin gadi a sashen lissafi a Jami'ar Manchester yayin da take renon 'ya'yanta kuma ta ci gaba da aikinta a kan lattices. A shekara ta 1949, tana da shekaru 37, ta sami taimakon ji na farko.

A wajen ilimin kimiyya, Ollerenshaw ya yi aiki a matsayin Kansila mai ra'ayin mazan jiya na Rusholme na tsawon shekaru ashirin da biyar (1954-79), memba na kwamitin kuɗi na majalisar birni (1968-71), shugaban kwamitin ilimi na Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Municipal (1967-71), Lord Lord of Manchester (1975-76), Babban Magajin Garin Manchester (1975-76), Babban Sheriff daga Manchester ( 1975-19). babban wanda ya zaburar da shi wajen samar da Kwalejin Kida ta Arewa ta Royal . An mai da ta ƴancinta na birnin Manchester kuma ta kasance mai ba da shawara kan lamuran ilimi ga gwamnatin Margaret Thatcher a cikin 1980s.

Ta kasance Shugabar Cibiyar Lissafi da Aikace-aikacenta daga shekarar 1978 zuwa 1979.  Ta buga aƙalla takardun lissafi 26, gudunmawar da aka fi sani da ita shine mafi kyawun filin sihiri na pandiagonal .  Bayan mutuwarta, ta bar gado a cikin amana don tallafawa masu baƙi masu bincike da kuma ayyukan haɗin gwiwar jama'a a Makarantar Lissafi, Jami'ar Manchester . An sanya sunan lacca na shekara-shekara a jami'ar don karrama ta. 

Wani masanin ilmin taurari, Ollerenshaw ya ba da kyautar na'urar hangen nesa ga Jami'ar Lancaster, kuma wani gidan kallo a can yana dauke da sunanta. Ta kasance memba mai daraja ta Manchester Astronomical Society kuma ta rike mukamin mataimakiyar shugaban kasa na tsawon shekaru

Ollerenshaw ta halarci Makarantar St Leonards a St Andrews, Fife, kuma ta zama shugabar makarantar daga 1981 zuwa 2003. Baroness Byford, mai magana da yawun Conservative a House of Lords ta gaje ta. Ta cika shekara 100 a watan Oktoba 2012. 

Ta mutu a Didsbury a kan 10 Agusta 2014, tana da shekaru 101.  Mijinta da 'ya'yansu duka sun riga ta rasu.

## Daraja da gado

* A cikin 1970, an nada Ollerenshaw Dame Kwamandan Tsarin Mulkin Burtaniya don ayyukan ilimi.
* Mawaƙin Sir Peter Maxwell Davies ya sadaukar da Naxos Quartet No.9 gare ta. 

## Manazarta

## Littafi Mai Tsarki

* Dame Kathleen Ollerenshaw, *Don Magana da Abubuwa da yawa: tarihin rayuwa*, Manchester Univ Press, 2004, 
* Kathleen Ollerenshaw, David S. Brée: *Mafi-cikakken Pandiagonal Magic Squares: gina su da ƙididdigewa*, Southend-on-Sea: Cibiyar Lissafi da Aikace-aikace, 1998, 186 shafuka, 
* Kathleen Ollerenshaw, Herman Bondi, *Magic Squares of Order Four*, Scholium Intl, 1983, 
* Kathleen Ollerenshaw, *Ɗan Ƙasa na Farko*, Hart-Davis, MacGibbon, 1977, 
* KM Ollerenshaw; DS Brée, "Mafi-cikakkun wuraren sihiri na pandiagonal", a cikin: *Lissafi a Yau*, 1998, vol. 34, ku.&nbsp;139-143. ISSN&nbsp;1361-2042 .
* DS Brée da KM Ollerenshaw, "Pandiagonal sihiri-squares daga gauraye auxiliary murabba'i", a cikin: *Lissafi a yau*, 1998, vol. 34, ku.&nbsp;105-118. ISSN&nbsp;1361-2042 .
* Kathleen Ollerenshaw ne adam wata. 1944 Mahimman Lattices na Firam ɗin Fare . *Jaridar London Mathematical Society* 19:75 part 3, pp.&nbsp;178–184, 

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* 
* Kathleen Ollerenshaw at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
* Portraits of Kathleen Ollerenshaw at the National Portrait Gallery, London 
* Interview on BBC Radio 4
* Manchester Politicians, with biographical sketch[usurped]
* The Dame Kathleen Ollerenshaw Observatory at Lancaster University
* The Manchester Astronomical Society