Isabella ta Faransa

**Isabella ta Faransa** (wani lokacin ana kiranta da **She-Wolf ta Faransa** French   ;  – 22 ga Agusta 1358), Sarauniyar Ingila ce a matsayin matar Sarki Edward II, kuma *mai* mulkin Ingila daga 1327 zuwa 1330. Ita ce ƙaramar ɗiya da ta tsira kuma 'yar Sarki Philip na IV na Faransa da Joan na 1 na Navarre ce kawai ta tsira. Isabella ta shahara a rayuwarta saboda ƙwarewar diflomasiyya, hankali, da kyawunta. Ta hambarar da mijinta, ta zama " mace mai fatalwa " a cikin wasannin kwaikwayo da adabi tsawon shekaru, wanda galibi ana nuna shi a matsayin kyakkyawar mace amma mai mugunta da kuma mai sarrafa kanta.

Isabella ta isa Ingila tana da shekaru 12  a lokacin da rikici ke ƙara ƙamari tsakanin sarki da ƙungiyoyin baronial masu ƙarfi. Sabon mijinta ya shahara da goyon bayan da yake bai wa wanda ya fi so, Piers Gaveston, amma sarauniyar ta goyi bayan Edward a waɗannan shekarun farko, tana ƙulla alaƙar aiki da Piers kuma tana amfani da dangantakarta da masarautar Faransa don ƙarfafa ikonta da ikonta. Bayan mutuwar Gaveston a hannun baroni a 1312, duk da haka, Edward ya koma ga wani sabon wanda aka fi so, Hugh Despenser the Younger, kuma ya yi ƙoƙarin ɗaukar fansa kan baran, wanda ya haifar da Yaƙin Despenser da kuma lokacin dannewa a cikin gida a faɗin Ingila. Isabella ba ta iya jure wa Hugh Despenser ba, kuma a 1325, aurenta da Edward ya faɗi warwas.

Tana tafiya zuwa Faransa don wani aikin diflomasiyya, wataƙila Isabella ta fara hulɗa da Roger Mortimer, kuma wataƙila su biyun sun amince a wannan lokacin don sauke Edward da kuma korar dangin Despenser. Sarauniyar ta koma Ingila tare da ƙaramin rundunar sojojin haya a shekara ta 1326, suna tafiya cikin sauri a faɗin Ingila. Sojojin sarki sun yi watsi da shi. Isabella ta sauke Edward, ta zama mai mulki a madadin ƙaramin ɗanta, Edward III . Wasu sun yi imanin cewa Isabella ta shirya kisan Edward II . Gwamnatin Isabella da Mortimer ta fara rugujewa, wani ɓangare saboda yawan kashe kuɗinta, amma kuma saboda sarauniyar ta sami nasarar warware matsalolin da suka daɗe suna faruwa kamar yaƙi da Scotland .

A shekara ta 1330, tana da shekaru 18, ɗan Isabella, Edward III, ya yi amfani da ikonsa da ƙarfi. An kashe Mortimer, an kawo ƙarshen mulkin Isabella, kuma aka daure ta , amma ba da daɗewa ba aka sake ta. Ta ci gaba da sauran shekarunta a matsayin mai arziki a fada kuma ta sake kusantar iyalinta, musamman 'yarta Joan, Sarauniyar Scotland, da jikanta Edward, Yariman Wales .

## Rayuwar Farko da Aure: 1295–1308

An haifi Isabella a birnin Paris a kan wani lokaci da ba a san ko wanene ba - bisa ga masu rubuta tarihin da kuma ranar da aka yi aurenta, wataƙila an haife ta ne tsakanin Afrilu 1295  zuwa Janairu 1296.  An bayyana ta a matsayin wacce aka haife ta a shekara ta 1292 a cikin Annals of Wigmore, kuma Piers Langtoft ya yarda, yana mai cewa tana da shekaru 7 a shekara ta 1299. Masanin tarihin Faransa Guillaume de Nangis da masanin tarihin Ingila Thomas Walsingham sun bayyana ta a matsayin wacce take da shekaru 12 a lokacin aurenta a watan Janairu 1308, inda suka sanya haihuwarta tsakanin Janairu 1295 da Janairu 1296. Dokar Paparoma da Clement V ta yi a watan Nuwamba 1305 ta ba ta damar aurenta nan take ta hanyar wakili, duk da cewa wataƙila tana da shekaru 10 kacal. Tunda an haifi ɗan'uwanta Charles a ranar 18 ga Yuni 1294, kuma dole ne ta kai shekara 12 kafin aurenta a watan Janairu 1308, shaidar ta nuna cewa an haife ta tsakanin Afrilu 1295 da Janairu 1296.  Iyayenta su ne Sarki Philip na IV na Faransa da Sarauniya Joan na 1 na Navarre ; 'yan'uwanta Louis, Philip da Charles sun zama sarakunan Faransa. 

An haifi Isabella a cikin dangin sarauta waɗanda suka mallaki mafi ƙarfi a Yammacin Turai . Mahaifinta, Sarki Philip, wanda aka fi sani da *"le Bel"* (Gargajiya) saboda kyawunsa, mutum ne mai ban mamaki wanda ba shi da motsin rai; wani na zamani ya bayyana shi a matsayin "ba mutum ko dabba ba, amma mutum-mutumi";  masana tarihi na zamani sun lura cewa "ya gina suna ga sarautar Kirista kuma ya nuna ƙarancin rauni na jiki".  Philip ya gina ikon sarauta a Faransa, yana shiga cikin jerin rikice-rikice don faɗaɗa ko haɗa ikon Faransa a duk faɗin yankin, amma ya kasance yana da ƙarancin kuɗi a tsawon mulkinsa. Hakika, ya bayyana kusan yana sha'awar gina dukiya da filaye, wani abu da aka zarge 'yarsa a baya.  Mahaifiyar Isabella ta mutu lokacin da Isabella take ƙarama; wasu mutanen zamanin sun yi zargin Philip na IV da kisanta, kodayake wataƙila ba daidai ba ne. 

An haifi Isabella a cikin da kewayen Fadar Louvre da kuma Palais de la Cité da ke Paris.  Ita ce mai kula da Isabella, Théophania de Saint-Pierre, ma'aikaciyar jinya, wadda ta ba ta ilimi mai kyau kuma ta koya mata karatu, tana ƙara son littattafai.  Kamar yadda aka saba a lokacin, dukkan 'ya'yan Philip an yi musu aure suna ƙanana don amfanin siyasa. Mahaifinta ya yi wa Edward II, ɗan Sarki Edward na ɗaya na Ingila alƙawarin aure, da nufin warware rikicin da ke tsakanin Faransa da Ingila game da mallakar Gascony na nahiyar da kuma iƙirarin da ke tsakanin Anjou, Normandy da Aquitaine .  Paparoma Boniface na VIII ya yi kira da a yi auren tun daga shekarar 1298 amma an jinkirta shi ta hanyar jayayya kan sharuɗɗan kwangilar aure. Sabunta yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta tsakanin Anglo-Faransa a shekarar 1299 ya haifar da auren Edward na ɗaya da 'yar'uwar Philip Margaret, wanda hakan ya ƙara sa ran auren Isabella da Edward na biyu.  A shekara ta 1303, Edward I ya yi la'akari da amaryar Castilian ga Edward II maimakon Isabella, har ma ya ƙara sadakinta kafin auren.  Edward I ya yi ƙoƙarin karya alkawarin sau da yawa don amfanin siyasa, kuma bayan ya mutu a shekara ta 1307 ne aka ci gaba da auren. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

A ƙarshe an yi auren Isabella da Edward II a Boulogne-sur-Mer a ranar 25 ga Janairu, 1308. Kayan tufafin Isabella sun nuna wasu alamu na wadatarta da salonta - tana da riguna na baudekyn, velvet, taffeta da zane, tare da gashin gashi da yawa; tana da riguna sama da 72 da kuma riguna masu kyau ; ta zo da rawanin zinare guda biyu, kayan cin abinci na zinare da azurfa da kuma yadi 419 na lilin. [1] A lokacin aurenta, Isabella tana da shekaru 12 kuma Geoffrey na Paris ya bayyana ta a matsayin " kyakkyawan kyau... a cikin masarautar idan ba a duk Turai ba. " Wannan bayanin wataƙila ba kawai abin alfahari ba ne daga mai rubuta tarihi, tunda mahaifin Isabella da 'yan'uwanta maza ne masu kyau a zamaninsu, kuma mijinta zai yi mata lakabi da "Isabella the Fair". [1] An ce Isabella ta yi kama da mahaifinta, ba mahaifiyarta ba, sarauniyar Navarre, mace mai kiba, mai sauƙi. [2] Wannan yana nuna cewa Isabella siririya ce kuma mai launin fata mai haske, kodayake salon a lokacin ya kasance na mata masu launin fari, masu ɗan cika fuska, kuma wataƙila Isabella ta bi wannan ra'ayi. [3] A cikin aikinta, an san Isabella a matsayin mai fara'a da diflomasiyya, tare da ƙwarewa ta musamman wajen shawo kan mutane su bi hanyoyinta na aiki. [4] Ba a saba gani ba a zamanin da, mutanen zamanin sun yi tsokaci game da hazakarta mai girma. [5]

## Sarauniya

## Manazarta