Betty Andujar

**Elizabeth Richards Andujar** (6 ga Nuwamba, 1912 &#x2013; 8 ga Yuni, 1997),  ta kasance mai kula da gida, mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a, kuma 'yar siyasa . Ita ce mace ta farko 'yar Republican da aka zaɓa kuma ta yi aiki a Majalisar Dattawan Jihar Texas .

Daga 1973 zuwa 1983, Andujar ya wakilci Gundumar 12 a Fort Worth, hedikwatar Tarrant County a Arewacin Texas.

A shekarar 1972, ita ce 'yar Republican ta farko da aka zaba daga gundumar Tarrant zuwa majalisar dokoki ta jihar tun lokacin da aka sake gina ta .

## Bayani
Bunkasar Jam'iyyar Republican tun daga ƙarshen ƙarni na 20 ya samo asali ne daga ƙarfi biyu: ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin jama'a ta sami amincewa da Dokar 'Yancin Zaɓe ta 1965, wadda ta ba wa gwamnatin tarayya izinin aiwatar da haƙƙin kundin tsarin mulki na masu jefa ƙuri'a marasa rinjaye kuma ta haifar da masu jefa ƙuri'a baƙaƙe da yawa da suka yi rijista don kaɗa ƙuri'a, da kuma sauyin da masu jefa ƙuri'a fararen fata masu ra'ayin mazan jiya suka yi zuwa Jam'iyyar Republican bayan shekaru da dama da suka yi suna haɗin gwiwa da Jam'iyyar Democrat.

A farkon karnin, majalisar dokoki da 'yan Democrat suka mamaye ta hana yawancin 'yan Afirka da Latinos 'yan Afirka 'yan asalin Amurka.   Wannan rashin 'yancin manyan magoya baya ya raunana Jam'iyyar Republican tsawon shekaru da dama; kuma Jam'iyyar Democrat ta mamaye. Tun daga ƙarshen karni na 20, Jam'iyyar Republican ta farfado a Texas. Tana da mafi yawan 'yan ra'ayin mazan jiya fararen fata.

## Shekarun farko
An haifi Elizabeth Richards a Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, babban birnin jihar. Iyayenta su ne Katharine L. (Beetem)  da Karl E. Richards,  lauya, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar farko ga Lauyan Gundumar gundumar. Ya zama Lauyan Gundumar a shekarar 1932 tare da aiki har zuwa 1937, lokacin da aka zaɓe shi a matsayin alkalin Kotun Marayu na farko a gundumar Dauphin. Ya yi aiki a matsayin alkali na wannan kotun har zuwa 1961.  (Bisa ga bayanin da iyalan Andujar suka bayar ga Makabartar Jihar Texas, mahaifinta ya yi aiki a matsayin babban alkali na jihar.)  ) Elizabeth Richards ta halarci makarantun yankin kuma ta sami digiri na farko daga Kwalejin Wilson . &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Aure da iyali
A shekarar 1935, Richards ya auri John José Andujar (Janairu 26, 1912 - 2003),  likita. An haife shi a Chicago ga mahaifiyarsa Ba'amurke kuma uba ɗan Spain, ya zauna tare da iyalinsa tsawon shekaru a Puerto Rico .  Mahaifiyarsa, Lily Esther Kurzenknabe, an haife ta a Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, ga iyayen Ba'amurke 'yan Jamus . Mahaifinsa, Manuel Andujar y Agrelo, an haife shi a Galicia, Spain . (Wani tarihin haihuwar John ya nuna shi ɗan ƙasar Kanada ne;  wataƙila mahaifinsa ya fara samun ɗan ƙasa a can.) John Andujar ɗan ƙasar Amurka ne saboda haihuwa da kuma ƙasar mahaifiyarsa. John shine na uku cikin 'ya'ya huɗu. Mahaifinsa minista ne. A cewar ƙidayar jama'a ta 1920, iyalinsa suna zaune a Puerta De Tierra a San Juan, Puerto Rico .  John Andujar ya sami digiri a Kwalejin Commonwealth ta Penn State kuma ya sami digiri na MD daga Jami'ar Temple Commonwealth . Ya ƙware a fannin ilimin cututtuka a Jami'ar Cornell da kuma Sloan-Kettering .

Elizabeth da John Andujar sun ƙaura zuwa Fort Worth, Texas a shekarar 1937.  Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban likitan cututtuka a sansanin sojojin sama na Carswell da kuma asibitin tarayya na sojojin ruwa kusa da Fort Worth kafin ya zama babban likitan cututtuka a Asibitin Harris, inda ya jagoranci dakin gwaje-gwaje.  Ya zama shugaban duniya a fannin ilimin cututtuka, shugaban Hukumar Masana Cututtuka ta Amurka, kuma shugaban Amurka na farko na Ƙungiyar Masana Cututtuka ta Duniya.  A shekarar 1969 ya sami kyautar Zinare-Kai daga Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Tarrant County. 

## Rayuwar jama'a
Betty Andujar ta fara aiki a matsayin mataimakiya a ƙungiyar likitoci ta jihar Texas da kuma Tarrant County. Daga baya ta yi aiki a kwamitin gudanarwa na Kwalejin Likitanci ta Pennsylvania da kuma Aikin Rigakafin Fyade da Kula da Fyade ta Texas. Ta kasance mai himma a Ƙungiyar Rigakafin Makanta da kuma Ƙungiyar Ciwon Daji ta Amurka . 

## Aikin siyasa
Lokacin da Andujar ta yanke shawarar ƙara shiga siyasa, ta shiga Jam'iyyar Republican. An sake gina ta a Texas bayan an yi mata kaca-kaca a rabin farko na ƙarni na 20 bayan hana 'yan tsiraru 'yanci na jiha; sabbin 'yantaccen 'yanci sun kasance masu goyon bayan jam'iyyar a duk faɗin Kudu kafin a kore su daga siyasa ta hanyar shingen jihohi ga rajistar masu zaɓe. Baƙar fata 'yan Amurka, waɗanda suka ƙunshi mafi yawan Jam'iyyar Republican a Texas a ƙarni na 19, da kuma 'yan Hispanik da yawa an hana su 'yancinsu ta hanyar dokokin da majalisar dokoki ta jiha da ke ƙarƙashin mulkin farar fata-dimokuradiyya a farkon ƙarni na 20, waɗanda suka buƙaci biyan harajin zaɓe da kuma kafa zaɓen fidda gwani na farar fata wanda ya keɓe 'yan tsiraru.  

An zaɓi Andujar a shekarar 1972 a matsayin ɗan Republican na farko da ya wakilci Gundumar Tarrant a majalisar dokokin jihar tun bayan sake ginawa.  Zaɓen Andujar alama ce ta canjin yanayin al'ummar jam'iyyar Republican domin ya jawo hankalin fararen fata masu ra'ayin mazan jiya a Texas da kuma a faɗin Kudu a tsakiyar ƙarni zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni na 20.

Bai yi nasara ba, amma daga baya Reagan ya sami takarar Republican da kuma shugabancin ƙasa.

A shekarar 1976, an zaɓi Andujar a matsayin 'yar kwamitin ƙasa na jam'iyyar Republican ta Texas, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na Babban Taron Jam'iyyar Republican har zuwa 1982.  

Duk da cewa Andujar ta kasance mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, a shekarar 1973 ta gabatar da kudirin cire wa'adin zaman gidan yari saboda samunta da laifin mallakar wiwi, tana mai da'awar cewa ya kamata a dauke ta a matsayin wani abu makamancin barasa kuma a tsara shi.  Kudirin bai yi nasara ba amma ta riga ta wuce lokacinta: a karni na 21, wannan ya zama ra'ayi mai karbuwa a tsakanin jami'an tsaro, likitoci, da 'yan kasa da yawa. Wasu jihohi sun halatta amfani da wiwi don amfanin likita, yayin da wasu kuma suka halatta shi don amfanin nishaɗi kamar dai barasa ce.

Andujar ta yi aiki a majalisar dokoki don a haɗa Kwalejin Texas ta Magungunan Osteopathic a Cibiyar Kimiyyar Lafiya ta Jami'ar North Texas . Ta gabatar da dokar da ta buƙaci likitocin gundumar su zama ƙwararrun masu ilimin cututtuka. Dangane da aikinta na kula da makanta, ta ɗauki nauyin kuɗi don ba wa likitoci a Texas damar cire cornea daga mamatan don dasawa ga sabbin marasa lafiya don dawo da gani. Ta kuma goyi bayan kuɗaɗen da za su taimaka wa mata wajen tattara tallafin yara. 

Saboda matsalolin lafiya, Andujar ba ta sake tsayawa takara ba a shekarar 1982. A wannan shekarar mijinta Dr. John (Andy) Andujar ya tsaya takarar kujerarta a Majalisar Dattawan Jihar. 'Yan Democrat na Texas sun yi nasara a dukkan mukamai na jihar a wannan shekarar, kuma Hugh Parmer, wanda aka fi sani da tsohon magajin garin Fort Worth, ya kayar da John Andujar. Ya riƙe wannan kujera har zuwa 1991.

## Gado da girmamawa

* An saka Andujar a cikin fim ɗin *"Who's Who" a cikin Siyasar Amurka .* 
* A shekarar 1972 tana cikin waɗanda aka ba wa lakabin "Mai Jarida ta Shekara". 
* Andujar ita ce mutum na farko da ya fara samun kyautar Citation of Merit daga ƙungiyar likitocin cututtuka ta Texas saboda dokarta da ta buƙaci masu binciken gawarwakin gundumar su zama ƙwararrun masu binciken gawarwakin.
* A shekarar 1988, Andujars sun kafa shugabar farko ta dindindin ta fannin cututtuka a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Texas ta Kudu maso Yammacin Dallas. 

## Mutuwa
Betty Andujar ta rasu a ranar 8 ga Yuni, 1997, kuma mijinta ya rasu. A matsayinta na sanata a jihar, an binne ta a makabartar jihar Texas da ke Austin . Daga baya mijinta ya auri Mary Parker.  Bayan rasuwarsa a watan Agusta na 2003, an binne shi bisa ga bukatarsa kusa da matarsa ta farko a Makabartar Jihar Texas. 
 

## Nassoshi