Kwara (Jiha)

**Jihar Kwara** (da yaren Yoruba: ***Ȯra Kwara***), Jiha ce a Yammacin Najeriya, tana iyaka da Gabas da Jihar Kogi, daga arewa kuma ta yi iyaka da Jihar Neja, daga kudu kuma ta yi iyaka da jihohin Ekiti, Osun, da Oyo, yayin da iyakarta ta yamma ke da iyaka da jihar Benin . Jamhuriyar. Babban birninta shine Ilorin kuma jihar tana da kananan hukumomi 16.

A cikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Kwara ita ce ta tara mafi girma a yankin, amma ta shida mafi karancin al'umma, tana da kimanin mutane miliyan 3.2 kamar yadda aka yi a shekarar 2016.  A geographically, jihar Kwara ta rabu tsakanin savanna ta yammacin Sudan a gabas, da gandun daji na Guinea-savanna mosaic ecoregion a sauran jihar. Muhimman abubuwan da jihar ke da shi sun hada da koguna, inda Nijar ke bi ta kan iyakar arewa zuwa tafkin Jeba, kafin a ci gaba da zama kan iyaka, yayin da kogunan Awun, Asa, Aluko, da Oyun ke bi ta ciki. A arewa maso yammacin jihar akwai yankin Borgu na gandun dajin Kainji, wani babban wurin shakatawa na kasa wanda ke dauke da al'umman jarumtaka masu launin toka, kob, hippopotamus, giwar daji na Afirka, babin zaitun, da kututtuwa, tare da wasu na karshe da suka rage. Zakunan Afirka ta Yamma a Duniya. A kudu maso yamma mai nisa, wani karamin yanki na Old Oyo National Park yana dauke da mikiya mai rawani, mikiya, baffa na Afirka, oribi, da yawan birai na patas.

Jihar Kwara dai ta shafe shekaru da dama tana zaune da kabilu daban-daban, musamman Yarbawa mafi rinjaye da ke zaune a fadin jihar, amma akwai ’yan tsirarun ’yan kabilar Nupe a arewa maso gabas, Bariba (Baatonu) da Busa (Bokobaru) a yamma, da kananan Fulani ne a Ilorin, suna tafiya a cikin jihar a matsayin makiyaya.

A zamanin mulkin mallaka, yawancin yankin da a yanzu yake jihar Kwara yana cikin Daular Oyo, tare da wani yanki na yamma a Masarautar Borgu ta mutanen Bariba, Boko da Bissa, da Masarautar Nupe (1531-1835). ). A tsakiyar shekarun 1800, jihadin fulani suka mamaye wani yanki na jihar Kwara a yanzu tare da sanya yankin karkashin yankin Gwandu na Daular Sokoto . A cikin shekarar 1890s da 1900s, balaguron Burtaniya ya mamaye yankin kuma ya shigar da shi cikin Arewacin Najeriya Protectorate . Daga baya Arewacin Najeriya ya hade da Najeriyar Burtaniya a shekarar 1914, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai a matsayin Najeriya a shekarar 1960. Asali, jihar Kwara ta zamani tana cikin yankin Arewa bayan samun ‘yancin kai har zuwa shekarar 1967, lokacin da yankin ya rabu, yankin ya zama jihar yamma ta tsakiya . A shekarar 1976, jihar ta koma jihar Kwara, kuma sunan ya ci gaba har zuwa shekarun 1990, lokacin da aka raba yankin kudu maso gabas ta jihar Kogi, aka mayar da yankin Borgu mai nisa zuwa yankin Borgu na jihar Neja .

Ta fannin tattalin arziki, jihar Kwara ta fi dogara ne akan aikin noma, galibin kofi, auduga, gyada, koko, dabino, da noman kola . Sauran manyan masana’antu sun hada da ayyuka, musamman a birnin Ilorin, da kiwo da kiwo na shanu , awaki, da tumaki . Jihar Kwara tana da haɗin gwiwa na ashirin da ashirin mafi girma na ci gaban ɗan adam a cikin ƙasar da cibiyoyin ilimi masu yawa. 

## Tarihi
An kirkiro jihar Kwara ne a ranar 27 ga Mayun shekarar 1967,  lokacin da gwamnatin mulkin soja ta tarayya ta Janar Yakubu Gowon ta karya yankuna hudu da suka zama Tarayyar Najeriya zuwa jihohi 12. A lokacin da aka kirkiro jihar, ta kunshi tsoffin lardunan Ilorin da Kabba na yankin Arewa a lokacin, kuma da farko an sanya mata suna Jihar Yamma ta Tsakiya amma daga baya ta koma “Kwara”, sunan da ake kira kogin Neja a cikin harshen Hausa . 

Jihar Kwara tun a shekarar 1976 ta ragu sosai a sakamakon kara yin atisayen samar da jihohi a Najeriya. A ranar 13 ga Fabrairun 1976, an sassaka yankin Idah / Dekina na jihar tare da hadewa da wani yanki na jihar Benue/Plateau a lokacin don kafa jihar Benue . 

A ranar 27 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1991 kuma an fitar da kananan hukumomi biyar da suka hada da Oyi, Yagba, Okene, Okehi da Kogi don zama wani bangare na sabuwar jihar Kogi, yayin da ta shida karamar hukumar Borgu ta hade da jihar Neja .  Manyan kananan hukumomi masu yawan jama'a sune Ilorin da Offa . 

Jihar Kwara na da albarkatun ma'adinai masu yawa kamar su tourmaline, tantalite, da ma'adanai masu yawa a yankin arewa. Cocoa da Kolanut a Kudancin Oke - Ero, Ekiti da Isin LGA . 

## Yanayi
Yanayin babban birnin jihar Kwara, Ilorin, yana da zafi da bushewa kuma yana da ruwan sama a shekara, wanda kuma ke tsakanin 990.3 mm zuwa 1318mm ma'ana . Garin yana da yanayin zafi dabam dabam daga 33 0 C zuwa 37 0 C, tare da wata na uku na shekara, Maris, shine mafi zafi.  Mafi ƙanƙanta da matsakaicin zafin jiki, da kuma yanayin zafi na babban birnin jihar, yana ƙaruwa tsakanin shekarun 1978 da 2017. Iskar da ke kadawa a wannan yanki ta kunshi Kudu-maso-Gabas da kuma Arewa-maso-gabas iskar nahiyar. 

## Yawan jama'a
Kamar yadda a shekarar 2006, yawan mutanen Kwaran ya kai miliyan 2.37, bisa ƙidayar jama'a ta Najeriya a shekarar 2006 .  Wannan girman yawan jama'a ya ƙunshi kusan kashi 1.69% na jimlar yawan al'ummar ƙasar bayan sun dogara da ƙaura don haɓaka yawan jama'a da ci gaban tattalin arziki .  Manyan kabilun su ne Yarbawa, Nupe, Fulani da Baruba. 

A wani lokaci ana kiran mazauna jihar a matsayin Kwaran. 

## Harsuna
Harsunan Jihar Kwara da LGA ta lissafa:  

## Kananan Hukumomi
Jihar Kwara ta kunshi kananan hukumomi goma sha shida .  Su ne:
 
* Asa
* Baruten
* Edu
* Ekiti
* Ifelodun
* Ilorin East
* Ilorin South
* Ilorin West
* Irepodun
* Isin
* Kaiama
* Moro
* Offa
* Oke Ero
* Oyun
* Pategi

## Gwamnan jihar Kwara
Gwamnan jihar Kwara na yanzu shine Gwamna Abdulrazaq Abdulrahman, wanda ya yi nasara a zaben gwamnan jihar da aka gudanar a ranar 9 ga watan Maris,na shekara ta 2019, tare da jam'iyyar siyasa ta APC. An rantsar da AbdulRahman AbdulRazak ne a ranar 29 ga Mayu, 2019, wanda ya zama gwamnan jihar Kwara na dimokuradiyya na 4 sannan kuma na 20 a jihar Kwara gaba daya. Kayode Alabi yana rike da mukamin mataimakin gwamnan jihar Kwara a karkashin gwamnatin AbdulRahman.

## Ilimi

Jihar Kwara tana da jami'ar tarayya, Jami'ar Ilorin, jami'ar jiha, Jami'ar Jihar Kwara da sauran Jami'o'i masu zaman kansu: Jami'ar Al-Hikmah, Jami'ar Landmark, Jami'ar Summit,  Jami'ar Crown Hill,  Jami'ar Thomas Adewumi,  Jami'ar Ahman Pategi  da Jami'ar Offa.   Jihar Kwara kuma tana da makarantun kimiyya da fasaha guda biyar; Polytechnics na tarayya, Federal Polytechnic Offa, Polytechnic na jihar, Kwara State Polytechnic da masu zaman kansu guda uku: The Polytechnic Igbo Owu, Lens Polytechnic da Graceland Polytechnic.  Daga cikin kwalejojin ilimi goma sha biyar a jihar Kwara, goma sha daya mallakin kamfanoni ne masu zaman kansu: College of Education Ilemona, Muhyideen College of Education, Kinsey College of Education, Ilorin, Jihar Kwara, Moje College of Education, Erin-Ile, Imam Hamzat College of Ilimi, ECWA College of Education, College of Education Offa, Nana Aisha College of Education, Adesina College of Education da Pan African College of Education. Kwalejoji hudu na ilimi a jihar Kwara suna samun tallafin gwamnatin star: Kwara State College of Education Ilorin, College of Education Oro, Kwara State College of Education (Technical) Lafiagi da kuma wata cibiyar gwamnatin tarayya daya bayar da NCE, Nigerian Army School of Education.  Akwai kuma makarantar sojan ruwa, Makarantar Kimiyyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Sojojin Ruwa ta Najeriya, Irra Road, Offa da kwalejin jiragen sama, Kwalejin Jiragen Sama ta Duniya, Ilorin . 

## Yawon shakatawa

Muhimman wuraren shakatawa na yawon bude ido a jihar Kwara sun hada da gidan kayan tarihi na Esie, Waterfalls Owu, daya daga cikin mafi girma da kuma ban mamaki a yammacin Afirka.  Imoleboja Rock Shelter, Ogunjokoro, Kainji Lake National Parks, now in Niger state and Agbonna Hill-- Awon Mass Wedding in Shao. Hakanan akwai tudun Sobi da sauransu, wanda shine mafi girma a cikin Ilorin, babban birnin jihar.  Katafaren ajiyar yanayi kuma ya raba jihar zuwa Gabas da Yamma. Ruwan Ero Omola shi ma wuraren shakatawa ne 

## Sufuri

Hukumar kula da sufurin jiragen kasa ta Najeriya na kara zirga-zirga daga Legas zuwa jihar zuwa yankin arewacin kasar. Filin tashi da saukar jiragen sama na Ilorin babbar cibiya ce ta zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na cikin gida da na waje kuma a yanzu an gina shi a matsayin cibiyar jigilar kayayyaki . 

## Tattalin Arziki
Noma shine babban tushen tattalin arzikin jihar kuma manyan kayan amfanin gona sune:  auduga, koko, kofi, kolanut, taba, benieed da dabino. Jihar Kwara gida ce ga gonakin Shonga **,** wanda ya samo asali ne daga aikin Komawa zuwa gona na daya daga cikin tsofaffin shugabannin jihar, Dakta Abubakar Bukola Saraki . Farms na Shonga ya ƙunshi manoma 13 na kasuwanci. Albarkatun ma'adinai a jihar sun hada da man fetur, Zinariya, farar ƙasa, marmara, feldspar, yumbu, kaolin, quartz da dutsen granite . 

### Kayan aiki

* **Tsafta da Tsafta**

Gwamnatin Najeriya na kara fahimtar matsalolin da ke fitowa daga rashin tsaftar muhalli, kuma jihar Kwara na kokarin inganta muhallinta da tsaftar muhalli.  A ranar 22 ga Satumba, 2020, gwamnan jihar Kwara ya fara gangamin ‘Clean Kwara’ a hukumance domin kawo karshen bayan gida da kuma inganta tsafta a jihar.  Gwamnatin jihar na kokarin gyara dukkan hanyoyin da magudanan ruwa don tabbatar da kwararar ruwa kyauta,  da yin kokarin tabbatar da tsaftar ruwa,  gina bandaki da samar da ruwa mai tsafta.  Wannan kuma shi ne don haɓaka Manufofin Ci Gaba mai Dorewa 3 & 6 (babban damar samun tsaftataccen ruwan sha mai araha da samun isassun tsaftar tsafta, tsafta ga kowa da kowa, da kawo ƙarshen bayan gida nan da 2030 ) .

## Wasanni
Hukumar wasanni ta Jiha ce ke tafiyar da harkokin wasanni. Muhimmancin da aka baiwa wasanni ya kai ga gina filin wasa, mai suna - Kwara State Stadium Complex. Kayayyakin da ake da su a hadaddun filin wasa sune babban kwanon kwando, dakin wasanni na cikin gida, dakunan kwanan dalibai, cibiyar yada labarai na nishadi da kuma wurin ninkaya girman Olympics. Ana wakilta jihar sosai a wasan ƙwallon ƙafa da ƙwallon kwando. Jihar ita ce gidan kungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Kwara United, ABS FC da Kwara Falcons Basketball Club .

## Fitattun mutane
 
*AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq, politician 
*Bukola Saraki, politician
*David Abioye, cleric
*Cornelius Adebayo, politician
*Femi Adebayo, actor and film producer
*Tunde Adebimpe, musician
*Kemi Adesoye, screenwriter
*Abdulfatah Ahmed, banker and politician
*Simon Ajibola, politician 
*Mustapha Akanbi, lawyer
*Sheik Adam Abdullah Al-Ilory, Islamic scholar
*Sarah Alade, former CBN governor
*Lola Ashiru, architect and politician
*Adamu Atta, politician
*Kunle Afolayan, actor, film director and producer
*Ayeloyun, musician
*Joseph Ayo Babalola, cleric
*David Bamigboye, soldier
*Theophilus Bamigboye, soldier and politician
*Salihu Modibbo Alfa Belgore, jurist and former Chief Justice of Nigeria
*Oga Bello, actor and producer (real name Adebayo Salami)
*Ibrahim Gambari, diplomat
*Yusuf Gobir, administrator
*Ola Ibrahim, naval officer
*Rafiu Adebayo Ibrahim, politician
*Tunde Idiagbon, soldier
*Ahmed Mohammed Inuwa, politician 
*Joana Nnazua Kolo, Commissioner for Youth and Sports Development
*Farooq Kperogi, journalist
*Mohammed Shaaba Lafiagi, politician
*Lágbájá, musician
*Salaudeen Latinwo, soldier
*Mohammed Lawal, naval officer
*Lai Mohammed, lawyer and politician
*Ibrahim Yahaya Oloriegbe, politician
*Abdulkadir Orire, first Grand Khadi of the Kwara State Sharia Court of Appeal
*David Oyedepo, cleric
*Wasiu Alabi Pasuma, musician
*Gbemisola Ruqayyah Saraki, politician
*Olusola Saraki, politician
* Toyin Saraki, healthcare philanthropist
*Abdulfatai Yahaya Seriki, politician
*AbdulRazzaq Ibrahim Salman, cleric
*Bola Shagaya, businessman
*Tony Tetuila, musician
*Rashidi Yekini, soccer player
*Abimbola Abolarinwa, urologist

## Duba kuma

* Majalisar Zartarwa ta Jihar Kwara

## Manazarta