Yanayin Hunan

Hunan lardin ne mai ƙuntatacciyar  ƙasa wanda ke cikin Tsakiyar China da kuma tsakiyar Kogin Yangtze, Hunan ya kai daga 108 ° 47 ' zuwa 114 ° 15 'longitude da 24 ° 39' zuwa 30 ° 8'. Hunan tana da iyakokin ƙasa tare da Jiangxi a gabas, Guangdong da Guangxi a kudu, Guizhou a yamma, Chongqing a arewa maso yamma, da Hubei a arewa. Hunan yana da kilomita 667 (414  daga gabas zuwa yamma, kilomita 774 (481  daga kudu zuwa arewa, tare da yankin ƙasa na 211,800-square-kilomita (81,800 sq , yana mai da shi Lardin 10 mafi girma a kasar Sin. Hunan tana kewaye da ɓangarori uku da duwatsu da tuddai, tana kama da doki.[1] Daga cikin jimlar yankin Hunan, kashi 51.2% ya ƙunshi yankin tuddai, kashi 13.9% ya ƙunshi kwandon, kashi 13.1% ya ƙunshi fili, kashi 15.4% ya ƙunshi tuddai, 6.4% ya ƙunshi ruwa.[2]

## Yanayin siyasa
Ya zuwa watan Disamba na shekara ta 2015, an raba Hunan zuwa yankuna 109, gundumomi da birane, kuma tana da garuruwa da garuruwan 524. Kimanin 11% na mazaunan Hunan suna zaune a Changsha, wanda ke da yawan mutane 7,311,500 na Ƙididdigar 2017. Zhuzhou ya kasance na 2 kuma Xiangtan ya kasance na 3 bi da bi.

## Yankunan lardin
Da yake a tsakiyar Kogin Yangtze a Kudancin Tsakiyar China, Hunan lardin kudu ne, wanda ke da iyaka a arewacin Hubei, a gabas da Jiangxi, a kudu da Guangdong da Guangxi, a yamma da Guizhou, kuma a arewa maso yamma da Chongqing.

## Duwatsu

Manyan duwatsu na Hunan sune Dutsen Wuling, Dutsen Xuefeng, Dutsen Nanling, Dutsen Luoxiao da Dutsen Heng .  [4][5]

Mafi girman tsawo a Hunan shine mita 2,122.35 (6,963.1  a Ling Peak (X; ).

### Duwatsun Wuling
Dutsen Wuling yana cikin arewa maso yammacin Hunan, mafi girman tsaunuka shine Dutsen Huping, a tsawo na mita 2,098.7 (6,885 . Shi ne ruwa raba tsakanin Lishui River da Yuan River .  [4][5]

### Duwatsun Xuefeng
Dutsen Xuefeng yana cikin kudu maso yammacin Hunan, mafi girman tsaunuka shine Jiulongchi (九龍池; Nine Dragons Pond), a tsawo na mita 1,622 (5,322 . Shi ne ruwa raba tsakanin Zi River da Yuan River .  [4][5]

### Duwatsun Nanling
Dutsen Nanling yana cikin kudancin Hunan, Jiucailing shine mafi girman tudu tare da tsawo na mita 2,009 (6,591 .  [4][5]

### Duwatsun Luoxiao
Dutsen Luoxiao yana cikin yammacin Hunan, Dutsen Bamian (八面山) shine mafi girman tudu tare da tsawo na mita 2,042- (6,699 . [6]

### Duwatsun Heng
Heng Mountains yana cikin tsakiyar Hunan, Zhurong Peak (祝融峰) shine mafi girman tudu tare da tsawo na mita 1,290 (4,230 .
 

Manyan koguna na Hunan sune Kogin Xiang, Kogin Zi, Kogin Yuan, da Kogin Lishui .

### Kogin Xiang
Kogin Xiang shine babban kogi na tsarin ruwa na Tafkin Dongting kuma mafi girman kogi a Hunan. Yana da magudanan ruwa da yawa, kamar Kogin Xiao, Kogin Chongling, Kogin Zheng, Kogin Wei, Kogin Mi, Kogin Lushui, Kogin Juan, Kogin Lianshui, Koginsa Wei, Kogin Liuyang da Kogin Laodao. Yana da kwandon ruwa na 85,383-square-kilomita (32,967 sq  a Hunan.  [7][8]

### Kogin Zi
Kogin Zi yana da magudanan ruwa guda biyu, kogin Fuyi (夫夷水) da kogin Hao (郝水).  Yana da tsawon kilomita 630 (390 mi) kuma yana zubar da fili mai faɗin murabba'in kilomita 26,738 (10,324 sq mi) a cikin Hunan.  Kogin ya tashi a gundumar Xinning kuma ya ratsa arewa ta Wugang, lardin Longhui, Shaoyang, Lengshuijiang, sannan arewa maso yamma ya wuce gundumomi da biranen gundumar Anhua, gundumar Taojiang, da Yiyang, inda ya ratsa cikin tafkin Wanzi..[7][8]

### Kogin Yuan
Kogin Yuan shine kogin mafi tsayi a Hunan, yana farawa daga kudu maso gabashin Guizhou, kilomita 568 (353 mi) kuma yana da magudanan ruwa mai fadin murabba'in kilomita 51,066 (sq'mi 19,717) a Hunan.  Yana da ruwa guda biyu, Kogin Longtou (龍頭江) da Kogin An (安江).  Ta ratsa arewa maso gabas ta Suining, gundumar Huitong, Huaihua, gundumar Xupu, gundumar Chenxi, gundumar Luxi, Yuanling, Changde don shiga tafkin Dalian a gundumar Dingcheng na Changd.  [9][8]

### Kogin Lishui
Kogin Lishui ya tashi a cikin Sangzhi County a arewa maso yammacin Hunan, kuma yana gudana gabaɗaya zuwa arewa maso gabas, yana wucewa ta Zhangjiajie, Cili County, Shimen County, Li County kuma yana shiga Wanzi Lake a Yuanjiang.  [9][8]

## Tafkuna da tafkuna
Tafkin Dongting shine tafkin mafi girma a Hunan kuma tafkin na uku mafi girma kuma tafkin ruwa mai laushi na biyu mafi girma a kasar Sin wanda ke rufe jimlar  kilomita 2,740 (1,060 sq .  [11] Sauran tabkuna sun hada da Wanzi Lake, Dalian Lake, Datong Lake, Dongjiang Lake.[11][8]

Manyan tafkuna a Hunan sune tafkin Fengtan, tafkin Huangshi, tafkin Tuoxi, tafkin Shuihumiao, tafkin shuangpai, tafkin Ouyanghai, tafkin Qingshanlong, da tafkin Jiubujiang.[12]

## Yanayi
Hunan yana da yanayin zafi mai zafi wanda ya rinjayi Monsoon na Gabashin Asiya, tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara na  ° C (64.8 ° F), jimlar ruwan sama na shekara-mako na  in), lokacin sanyi na kwanaki 253 zuwa 311 da matsakaitan sa'o'i na rana  sa'o-shekaru 1521. Lokacin bazara yana da rigar tare da yanayin zafi mai girma, zafi mai yawa da kuma yawan zafi. Lokacin hunturu yana da bushewa kuma yana da sanyi tare da iska mai sanyi.[2][13]

## Yankunan da aka kare
Hunan tana da wuraren shakatawa na kasa 23, wuraren shakatawa masu zaman kansu 17, wuraren shakatawa mai zaman kansu na lardin 4 da kuma wuraren shakatawa 22 na lardin.[14] Gidajen ajiyar halittu guda huɗu na kasa sune Tafkin Dongting, Dutsen Huping, Dutsen Badagong da Dutsen Mang. Wasu daga cikin wuraren shakatawa da aka fi ziyarta sun hada da Dutsen Dawei (大围山), Dutsen Tianmen, Taohuayuan (桃花源), Dutsen Yangming, Dutsen Jiuyi, Dutsen Liang.

## Muhalli

### Dabbobi
Akwai nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa guda 81, nau'in tsuntsaye 379, dabbobi masu rarrafe 75 da masu rarrafe 42 a cikin Hunan, gami da nau'in dabbobin da ke kare kasa da kasa guda 90.  Akwai dabbobi masu kariya na matakin farko na ƙasa guda 17 da dabbobi masu kariya na mataki na biyu na ƙasa guda 73 a Hunan.  Daga cikin su na farko akwai Baiji, damisa ta Kudu, damisa mai gizagizai, cat na zinari na Asiya, sturgeon na kasar Sin, pelican mai tabo, farar shamuwa da kuma crane mai jan rawani sai matsayi na biyu yana da Rhesus macaque, stump-tailed macaque, Asian black bear, Pangolin, Finless porpoise, Mandralm porpoise, Mandralm paloise  agwagwa, Mikiya da giant salamander..[15][16]

### Tsire-tsire
An san Hunan a matsayin "garin bishiyar tung" da "garin fir na kasar Sin".  A Hunan, manyan dazuzzukan fir na kasar Sin sun kasance kashi mafi girma na yawan gandun daji na lardin.  Har ila yau, akwai yalwar itacen mai, Pinus massoniana, Phyllostachys edulis, Populus, Cinnamomum camphora, Taxus chinensis, Vernicia fordii.  Akwai tsire-tsire masu kariya na matakin farko na ƙasa guda 112: Isoetes sinensis, Davidia involucrata, Cycad, Ginkgo, Cathaya, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Scaly-sided merganser, Bretschneidera da Brasenia.

## Ma'adanai
An yaba da Hunan a matsayin "birni na ƙarfe mara ƙarfe" da kuma "birni mai ma'adanai marasa ƙarfe". Akwai fiye da nau'ikan ma'adanai 141 a Hunan. Antimony na Hunan yana cikin matsayi na 1 a duniya. Bismuth, rubidium, Anthracite, realgar, Fluorite, Sepiolite, barite suna cikin matsayi na 1 a kasar Sin. Manganese, vanadium, rhenium, mirabilite, arsenic da kaolinite sun kai lamba ta 2 a kasar Sin. Zinc, Aluminium, tin, tantalum, graphite da lu'u-lu'u sun kai lamba 3 a kasar Sin. Dutsen Xikuang na Gundumar Xinhua ana girmama shi a matsayin "Babban Birnin Antimony a Duniya".[15][18]