Sojojin Tsaro na Gabashin Afirka

Rundunar Tsaro ta Gabashin Afirka (**EASF**), wacce ta kasance Brigade na Tsaro na Gabashin Afirka, tana ɗaya daga cikin dakarun yanki guda biyar don Ayyukan Taimako na Zaman Lafiya (PSOs) na Rundunar Tsayawa ta Afirka, wanda ya ƙunshi sojoji, 'yan sanda da farar hula. EASF ta zama bangaren aiki na yanki na abubuwan kiyaye zaman lafiya na Tsarin Zaman Lafiya da Tsaro na Afirka, wanda aka kafa ta hanyar Yarjejeniyar 2002 da ta shafi Kafa Majalisar Zaman Lafiya da Tsaro ta Tarayyar Afirka.

Ya zuwa watan Janairun , EASF tana da kasashe mambobi goma: Burundi, Comoros, Djibouti, Habasha, Kenya, Rwanda, Seychelles, Somalia, Sudan da Uganda. Daga watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2013, Jamhuriyar Sudan ta Kudu tana da matsayin mai kallo kuma, a cewar EASF, ana sa ran a ƙarshe za ta zama cikakken memba ba da daɗewa ba. A watan Yunin 2014, Firayim Ministan Somaliya Ahmed ya sake ba da Somalia ga karfi a lokacin taron koli na Tarayyar Afirka a Equatorial Guinea . An gudanar da taron da aka yi kan gudummawar sojoji daga kasashe membobin EASF a watan Agustan shekara ta 2014. 

## Juyin Halitta na EASF
Wanda ya riga EASF, EASBRIG, an kafa shi ne a ranar 10 ga Satumba, 2004 ta hanyar Tsarin Manufofin tsakanin kasashe membobin, biyo bayan shawarar taron koli na Tarayyar Afirka (AU) da aka gudanar a watan Yulin wannan shekarar a Addis Ababa, Habasha. A ranar 11 ga Afrilu, 2005, an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fahimtar juna (MoU) tsakanin kasashe membobin EASBRIG, wanda ya samar da abubuwa uku: Tsarin Shirye-shiryen, Hedikwatar Brigade da Cibiyar Daidaitawa. Wani yanke shawara na Majalisar Ministocin Tsaro da Tsaro ta Gabashin Afirka na ranar 30 ga Maris, 2007 ya ba da umarnin sauya sunan ma'aikatar daga Brigade zuwa Force (EASF) daidai da umarnin nahiyar na Majalisar Ministan Tsaro da tsaro ta AU. Ya ci gaba da kafa Tsarin Gudanarwa (EASFCOM), yana fadada yawan abubuwan EASF zuwa hudu. Don nuna waɗannan canje-canje da yanayin da yawa na Sojoji, an sanya hannu kan MoU da Tsarin Manufofin da aka sake sabuntawa a watan Janairun 2011. 

Yarjejeniyar Fahimtar (MoU) ta tsara tsarin doka don EASF. Har ila yau, ya tsara yanayin kafawa da gudanar da Sojoji da kuma ka'idodin da ke jagorantar Sojoji le sauran gabobin EASF.

### Umurni
Mataki na 13 na Yarjejeniyar da ta shafi Kafa Majalisar Zaman Lafiya da Tsaro ta Tarayyar Afirka (AU), wanda aka sanya hannu a shekara ta 2002, ya ba da umarnin EASF don aiwatar da ayyuka masu zuwa: 

:* lura da sa ido;
:* wasu nau'ikan ayyukan tallafin zaman lafiya;
:* shiga tsakani a cikin wata Jiha game da mawuyacin hali ko kuma bisa buƙatar wata Jiha don maido da zaman lafiya da tsaro, daidai da Mataki na 4 (h) da (j) na Dokar Tsarin Mulki;
:* turawa na rigakafi don hana
:: i. jayayya ko rikici daga karuwa,
:: na biyu. rikici mai tsanani daga yaduwa zuwa yankuna ko jihohi makwabta, da
:: na uku. sake farfado da tashin hankali bayan bangarorin da ke cikin rikici sun cimma yarjejeniya.;
:* gina zaman lafiya, gami da rushewar makamai bayan rikici da sakewa;
:* Taimako na jin kai don sauƙaƙa wahalar fararen hula a yankunan rikici da tallafawa ƙoƙarin magance manyan bala'o'i; da
:* duk wani aiki kamar yadda Majalisar Zaman Lafiya da Tsaro ko Majalisar za ta iya ba da umarni.

Dangane da Yarjejeniyar, ana ƙarfafa ASF da EASF su yi aiki tare da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Hukumominta, wasu kungiyoyi masu dacewa na kasa da kasa da kungiyoyin yanki, da kuma hukumomin ƙasa da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, inda ya dace. Cikakken ayyukan ASF da tsarin aiki na kowane aikin da aka ba da izini za a yi la'akari da shi kuma Majalisar Zaman Lafiya da Tsaro ta amince da shi bisa ga shawarar Hukumar.

## Ƙungiya

MoU ta samar da gaɓoɓin manufofi na EASF guda uku, - sarrafawa da - aiwatarwa: 

; Majalisar Gabashin Afirka Shugabannin Jihohi da Gwamnati

Majalisar tana da iko mafi girma a kan EASF. Shugabannin Jihohi da Gwamnatoci suna haɗuwa aƙalla sau ɗaya a shekara don tsara manufofi, jagorantar da sarrafa aikin EASF. A lokutan rikici, taron ya ba da izinin tura Sojojin.

; Majalisar Ministocin Tsaro da Tsaro ta Gabashin Afirka

Majalisar, wacce ke gudanar da taro aƙalla sau biyu a shekara, tana kula da duk fannoni da suka shafi EASF, tana nada Darakta da Shugabannin sassan EASFCOM da Kwamandan EASBRIG.

; Kwamitin Shugabannin Tsaro na Gabashin Afirka (EACDS) 

EACDS tana aiki a matsayin kwamitin soja mai ba da shawara na Majalisar da Majalisar. Ayyukanta sune kula, jagorantar da sarrafa EASFCOM a kan dukkan batutuwan fasaha da kuma kula, jagorar da kuma gudanar da PLANELM, HQ na EASBRIG da Logistic Base.

Duk da yake wasu dakarun ASF na yanki suna aiwatar da su ta hanyar Al'ummomin Tattalin Arziki na Yankin (RECs), wato ECOWAS, SADC, da ECCAS, tare da ladabi na yanki da suka riga sun kasance, EASF tsari ne na yanki daban-daban, wanda ake kira Tsarin Yankin (M), wanda ke tare da al'ummomin tattalin arziki da yawa a Gabashin Afirka waɗanda kuma ke aiwatar da matakan tsaro.

Tun lokacin da aka yanke shawarar 2007 na Majalisar Ministocin Tsaro da Tsaro ta Gabashin Afirka, EASF ta ƙunshi abubuwa huɗu: EASFCOM, PLANELM, LOGBASE, da EASBRIG HQ . 

### Sakatariyar EASF

Sakatariyar Tsaro ta Gabashin Afirka (EASFSEC) tana aiki a matsayin babban sakatariyar kungiyar. An kafa shi a watan Maris na shekara ta 2007 ta hanyar shawarar Majalisar Ministocin Tsaro da Tsaro ta Gabashin Afirka. Ya kasance a Karen, Nairobi, (Kenya),  tare da Shirin Shirin. Yana daidaita duk ayyukan EASF tare da tuntuɓar hukumomin da suka shafi Kasashen membobin da Tarayyar Afirka (AU). An ba da umarnin aiwatar da duk manufofin EASF, haɓaka da sake duba takardun manufofin EEAF da Majalisar Ministoci za ta amince da su, da kuma tattara kudi da sauran albarkatu tare da haɗin gwiwar AU, Al'ummomin Tattalin Arziki na Yankin (RECs) da sauran abokan tarayya. Har ila yau, tana kula da Asusun EASF, tana rarraba bayanai kuma tana gudanar da ayyukan alaƙar jama'a.

EASFSEC tana karkashin jagorancin Darakta da Shugabannin Sashen (Financial & Administration and Peace Operations Department). Majalisar Ministocin Tsaro da Tsaro ce ke nada waɗannan. Tun daga watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2017, Dokta Abdillahi Omar Bouh daga Jamhuriyar Djibouti a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin Darakta na biyar na EASF. Amb Chanfi Issimail daga Union of Comoros ne ya riga shi. Kafin Amb Chanfi shine Mista Maj-Gen (Rtd) Cyril Ndayirukiye (Burundi, 3rd), Col Peter Marwa (Kenya, 2nd) da Mista Simon Mulongo (1st).  Gudanarwa tana samun taimako daga mai ba da shawara kan shari'a, mai ba da shawarar soja, mai binciken ciki da kuma jami'in hulɗa na AU.

### Abubuwan tsarawa
The Planning Element (PLANELM) na Gabashin Afirka Standby Force an kafa shi ne a matsayin "babban hedkwatar tsarawa ta kasa da kasa". Tana zaune ne a Nairobi, Kenya . Babban aikin PLANELM shine kafa rundunar da ke iya tsarawa da shirye-shirye don waɗannan ayyukan Taimako na Zaman Lafiya (PSOs) da aka bayar a cikin abubuwan aikin ASF guda shida. PLANELM tana da alhakin ci gaban ra'ayi, daidaitawa na horo, bincike, tsara manufa, hawa, turawa, aiki & ci gaba da kuma farfadowa ga / na Sojoji, 'Yan sanda, da Jama'a. 

PLANELM ya ƙunshi soja, 'yan sanda da farar hula, tare da ma'aikatan da membobin EASF suka nada. Baya ga Shugabannin bangarorin da ke jagorantar bangarorin su, Babban Jami'in hadin gwiwa yana daidaita dukkan bangarorin uku.

Mai aiki tun daga shekara ta 2004, bangaren soja na PLANELM galibi yana gudanar da shirye-shiryen karfi da shirin turawa na EASF. Shugaban bangaren na iya zama ko dai Shugaban Ma'aikata, jami'in soja ko Colonel.

Kwamitin 'yan sanda na EASF PLANELM, wanda aka kafa a shekara ta 2008, an ba shi aiki tare da ci gaba da cikakken aikin' yan sanda na PSOs wanda za a gudanar a Gabashin Afirka ko wasu yankunan Afirka. Wani ne ke jagoranta tare da matsayi na Mataimakin Kwamishinan 'yan sanda.

Har ila yau, an kafa shi a cikin 2008, Civilian Component na PLANELM, yana aiwatar da tsara mafi yawan ayyukan farar hula da hanyoyin a cikin EASF PSO. Sabili da haka, Civilian Component yana da alhakin magance dukkan al'amuran siyasa, tsarawa da daidaita ayyukan farar hula, ba da shawara ta shari'a, sanar da jama'a da kafofin watsa labarai, aiwatar da gudanar da zabe da - lura da kuma magance dukkan al-amuran farar hula. Wannan bangare yana karkashin jagorancin Ma'aikacin Jama'a tare da cancanta da gogewa da ake buƙata.

Ma'aikatan PLANELM suna tallafawa daga kasashe membobin na mafi ƙarancin shekara guda.

### Hedikwatar Sojoji (Hedikwatar Sojan EASF)
Hedikwatar Sojojin EASF (Hedikwatar Sojan EASF) tana aiki ne a matsayin hedkwatar kwamandan don shirye-shirye da kuma kwamandan aiki na rundunar soja ta rundunar da yawa, "Standby Brigade". Tana cikin Addis Ababa, Habasha . HQ na Sojojin EASF ya kunshi ma'aikatan soja da farar hula da ke da goyon bayan kasashe mambobin EASF. Idan aka tura shi, Tarayyar Afirka (AU) ko Majalisar Dinkin Duniya suna ɗaukar iko da Brigade. HQ na EASF Force yana aiki tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da PLANELM don shirya tsari da tsare-tsare don hedkwatar manufa. A tura EASF ko dai Majalisar EASF ce ta ba da umarni. Idan AU ta ba da umarnin turawa, Majalisar Zaman Lafiya da Tsaro (PSC) ta AU tana da alhakin nadin kwamandan HQ. Kowace memba na jihar jami'ai na biyu zuwa hedikwatar rundunar EASF na tsawon shekaru biyu.

### Tushen da aka tsara (LOGBASE)
Tare da hedikwatar Standby Brigade a Addis Ababa, Habasha, Cibiyar Kula da Ayyuka ta EASF tana aiki a matsayin cibiyar cibiyar duk hanyoyin dabaru na Sojoji - wato kiyayewa, adanawa da sarrafa ababen more rayuwa. Kasashen membobin suna aika ma'aikata, kayan aiki da sauran albarkatu zuwa Cibiyar Kula da Ayyuka don kiyayewa da samar da su don dalilai na horo da ayyukan Sojoji. Idan ya cancanta, tushe yana aiki a ƙarƙashin umarni da kuma iko kai tsaye na Tarayyar Afirka.

## Abubuwan da suka faru a manufa
Rahoton Maputo da Tsarin Manufofin don Kafa Sojojin Tsaro na Afirka (ASF) daga Mayu 2003 sun ambaci yanayi shida don tura dakarun yanki na Sojojin Tallafin Zaman Lafiya (PSOs), suna hawa cikin rikitarwa na tsarin su, kokarin gudanarwa da albarkatu don turawa da ci gaba.

* Yanayi 1: AU / Shawarwarin soja na yanki ga aikin siyasa
* Yanayi na 2: Aikin mai lura da AU / Yankin da aka tura tare da aikin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya
* Yanayi na 3: Aikin AU / mai lura da yanki
* Yanayi na 4: Rundunar Tsaro ta AU / Yankin don Babi na VI da ayyukan kariya (da gina zaman lafiya) 
* Yanayi na 5: Rundunar kiyaye zaman lafiya ta AU don ayyukan kiyaye zaman lafiya masu rikitarwa da yawa, gami da wadanda suka shafi masu lalata da ƙananan matakan
* Yanayi na 6: shiga tsakani na AU, misali a cikin yanayin kisan kare dangi inda al'ummomin duniya ba sa aiki da sauri

A matsayin burin dogon lokaci don tura Sojojin, an shirya cewa yanayin 1-4 ya kamata ya iya turawa cikin kwanaki 30 (mai yiwuwa ne kawai idan an dauki matakan da aka riga aka ba da umarni), yanayin 5 ya kamata ya kammala turawa cikin kwana 90, tare da ɓangaren soja yana iya turawa a cikin kwanaki 30 ("mai yiwuwa ne sai an dauki matakan farko), kuma a ƙarshe, Yanayin 6, ya nuna cewa zai zama muhimmiyar hanyar AU na iya tura dakarun soja mai ƙarfi a cikin kwanaki 14.

Dangane da Tsarin Manufofin, a cikin wani yunkuri zuwa ga daidaitattun Sojojin Tsaro na Yankin, za a inganta su don yanayin 4.

ASF Roadmap III ta bukaci a sake fasalin manufofi guda shida don PSOs kuma a daidaita su da sababbin tsarin kiyaye zaman lafiya.

## Darussan horo
A cewar EASF, kammala zagaye na farko na motsa jiki, Sojojin sun kai ga Ikon Ayyuka na Farko (IOC) a ƙarshen 2009. Sashe na wannan sake zagayowar sun kasance Kwamandan Post Exercise (CPX) a Nairobi, Kenya a cikin 2008, da kuma Field Training Exercise,FTX a Djibouti a watan Nuwamba 2009. A cikin sake zagayowar ta biyu, EASF ta fara gudanar da Ayyukan Taswirar Hanyoyi (LogMAPEX) a Addis Ababa, Habasha a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2010,  sannan CPX na biyu a Khartoum, Sudan a watan Nuwambar shekara ta 2011  da FTX na biyu na Jinja, Uganda a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2013. Wannan na ƙarshe ya haɗa da mahalarta 1,290 (soja, 'yan sanda, farar hula) kuma an yi niyyar gwada turawar EASF da ikon aiwatar da manufa. EASF ta ci gaba da gudanar da CPX a Habasha a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014, bayan haka aka ayyana Cikakken Kwarewar Ayyuka. FTX na uku ya faru a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2017 a Port Sudan, Jamhuriyar Sudan don mahalarta 1,029 da aka samo daga kasashe 10 .

## Aikace-aikacen
Daga 2012 zuwa 2013, EASF ta tura jami'ai goma sha huɗu a cikin aikin shekara guda a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar fasaha da ke tallafawa Ofishin Jakadancin Tarayyar Afirka a Somaliya (AMISOM) a lokacin kafawa.

## Bayanan da aka ambata