Gladys Hasty Carroll

**Gladys Hasty Carroll** (26 ga Yuni, 1904 - 1 ga Afrilu, 1999) marubuciya ce 'yar Amurka da ke aiki tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1920 zuwa 1980.  A cikin tatsuniyoyinta na almara da na almara, Carroll ta rubuta game da abin da ta sani da kuma mutanen da take ƙauna, musamman waɗanda ke cikin al'ummar karkara ta Kudancin Maine ta Dunnybrook, da ke Kudancin Berwick, Maine . Carroll ta yi imanin cewa tarihin talakawa ya fi muhimmanci kuma ayyukanta sun gabatar da labaransu.

Littafin Carroll na farko mai suna *As the Earth Turns* ya nuna shekara guda a gonar iyali ta gida. A shekarar 1933, fim ɗin ya kasance wani babban fim—wanda Macmillan ya fitar a ranar 2 ga Mayu tare da tallace-tallace na zamani na 20,000 kuma a matsayin zaɓin Book-of-the-Month Club na watan Mayu.  A shekarar 1996, an "karanta shi kuma an tattauna shi ta hanyar ƙungiyoyin bincike na yau da kullun da kuma a cikin azuzuwan jihar" a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin Majalisar Humanities ta Maine kan "tasirin zamani akan Maine". 

## Rayuwa
An haifi Carroll a ranar 26 ga Yuni, 1904, a Rochester, New Hampshire .  Ta girma a gonar iyalinta ta Kudu Berwick, inda take zaune tare da iyayenta, Warren Verd Hasty da Emma Frances Dow, ɗan'uwanta Harold, kakanta George Bradford Hasty, da kuma wata goggon uba mai suna Vinnie.

Tun tana ƙarama Gladys Hasty tana zuwa makaranta mai ɗaki ɗaya. Domin ta ci gaba da shagala bayan ta gama ayyukanta, malamai sun gaya mata ta rubuta duk wani batu da take so. Ta kammala karatunta daga Berwick Academy sannan ta yi rajista zuwa Kwalejin Bates, mutum na farko a cikin danginta da ta nemi ilimi mai zurfi.  Abokan Bates sun yi mata lakabi da "Sunny" saboda kyawawan halayenta.

A ranar da ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1925, ta auri Herbert Allen Carroll a cocin Kwalejin Bates. Auren ya ɗauki shekaru 58, har zuwa rasuwarsa a watan Afrilun 1983. Aikin Herbert Carroll da kuma neman digiri daban-daban sun mamaye ma'auratan a duk faɗin Amurka, ciki har da Massachusetts, Chicago, Minneapolis da Manhattan. Sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu, ɗa ɗaya Warren Carroll wanda aka haifa a shekarar 1932 da 'ya mace ɗaya, Sarah, a shekarar 1942. (Warren ya kammala karatunsa daga Kwalejin Bates a shekarar 1953 ya mutu a watan Yulin 2011; Sarah ta kammala karatunta daga Kwalejin Bates a shekarar 1962 kuma ta rasu a watan Agustan 2011.  )

Wannan lokacin ya nuna cewa Carroll ya shahara a duniya a matsayin marubuciya. Ta yi aiki ba tare da gajiyawa ba, tana rubuta gajerun labarai, ginshiƙan shawarwari na yau da kullun da kuma littattafanta na *Cockatoo* (1929) da *Landspell* (1930). A shekarar 1933 ta rubuta kyautar Pulitzer - wacce aka zaɓa a matsayin littafin almara, *As the Earth Turns* .  Nasarar ta kasance nasara kuma littafi na biyu mafi kyau da aka sayar a shekarar 1933 a cewar *Publishers Weekly*, na biyu bayan *Anthony Adverse* na Hervey Allen kuma ya fi sayar da littattafai masu kyau kamar Lloyd C. Douglas 's *Magnificent Obsession* da Sinclair Lewis 's *Ann Vickers* . Duk da haka, sigar fim ta littafin 1934 wadda Jean Muir da Donald Woods suka fito daga Warner Bros. ta yi rashin nasara, kuma babu wani littafin Carroll da aka taɓa ɗauka. Sauran fim ɗin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin aikinta shine labarinta mai suna "Kristi," wanda aka mayar da shi wani shiri na shirin talabijin na Jane Wyman na shekarun 1950s Fireside Theatre .

Kuɗin da aka samu daga littafin *As the Earth Turns*, tare da aikin mijinta a Jami'ar New Hampshire, ya ba ta damar komawa garinsu ta gina gida a ƙasar iyalinta a South Berwick. Ta ci gaba da buga littattafai kuma ta yi aiki don rubuta wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya na *As the Earth Turns* . Ta taimaka wajen shirya wasan kwaikwayo a kowace bazara, ta yi amfani da maƙwabtanta a cikin al'ummar Dunnybrook kuma ta yi shi a fili. Zuwa ƙarshen wannan lokacin, ta rubuta abin da wasu suka ɗauka a matsayin mafi kyawun aikinta, *Dunnybrook*, wanda aka buga a 1943.

An yi wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya na ƙarshe a shekarar 1942, saboda Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu . Bayan yaƙin, Carroll ya ci gaba da rubutu, yana buga littafi duk bayan shekaru biyu a shekarun 1940 da 1950 da littattafai bakwai a shekarun 1960. An zaɓe ta a kwamitin amintattu na Kwalejin Bates kuma ta yi tafiye-tafiye sosai don ƙungiyar tsofaffin ɗalibanta. Daga ƙarshe ta koma gidan gona na Hasty kuma ta yi rayuwa mai sauƙi a can. A shekarun 1970 ta buga littattafan *Next of Kin* da *Unless You Die Young* da kuma tarihin rayuwarta *na Years Away from Home* .

A shekarar 1985, Carroll ta yi wahayi zuwa ga ƙirƙirar Dunnybrook Historical Foundation Inc, kuma ta kasance amintaccen mai kula da ita. A lokacin bazara ta bar baƙi su zo gidanta na Maine don ziyarta, su je rangadin Dunnybrook, kuma su sa hannu a kan littattafai. Iyalai da 'yan uwa sun kuma nuna zane-zane, sun yi kiɗa da kuma yin wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi. A tsakiyar shekarun 1990, ƙungiyar Old Berwick Historical Society ta taimaka wajen samar da rikodin sauti na ƙwararren littafinta *Dunnybrook* . Ganin cewa Carroll tana cikin shekarunta na casa'in a wannan lokacin, ya ɗauki ƙoƙari sosai a ɓangarenta kuma ana iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin babban abin da ya faru na dogon aiki.

Gladys Hasty Carroll ta mutu cikin kwanciyar hankali tana da shekaru 94 a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 1999, a wani asibiti da ke York, Maine.

## Gidauniyar Tarihi ta Dunnybrook
Gidauniyar Tarihi ta Dunnybrook ta sadaukar da kanta wajen adanawa da kuma raba tarin bayanai (kimanin abubuwa 8000) da suka shafi tarihin Dunnybrook da kuma rayuwar Gladys Hasty Carroll da ayyukanta. Tarin ya haɗa da hotuna da yawa, littattafan tarihi, wasiku, da bayanan hukuma na waɗannan iyalai da ke zaune a Dunnybrook. Gidauniyar, wacce ta ƙunshi zuriyar Carroll kai tsaye har zuwa jikokinta, ta yi aiki don adana labaran mutanen da Carroll ya ɗauka mafi mahimmanci, kuma ta taɓa samun gidan yanar gizo wanda ke ba da littattafan Carroll na siyarwa, amma ta bar matsayinta na 501(c)3 na ƙungiyar agaji ya ƙare a 2012. Duk da haka, a watan Oktoba na 2016, Chase-Jellison Homestead—ƙaramin rukuni na mutane da ke Dunnybrook kuma wanda ya ƙunshi zuriyar Dunnybrook—ya yarda ya karɓi tarin Carroll, ya dawo da matsayin Gidauniyar 501(c)3 tare da jihar Maine, kuma yana aiki don dawo da matsayin tarayya. Da zarar wannan ya faru, Gidauniyar ta sake samun damar karɓar gudummawa, kuma da zarar an ba ta kuɗi, za ta yi shirin sake kafa cibiyar sadarwa ta intanet tare da shirin ilimi.

## Littattafai

* *Cockatoo* (Macmillan, 1929), littafin hoto mara shafi wanda Robert Crowther ya zana, LCCN 29-16434
* *Siffar Ƙasa* (Macmillan, 1930), misali. William Siegel, ga yara
* *Kamar yadda Duniya ke Juyawa* (Macmillan, 1933) – "shekara guda a rayuwar dangin gona na Maine", 
* *Wasu Kadan Wawaye* (Macmillan, 1935)
* *Maƙwabci zuwa Sama* (Macmillan, 1937)
* *Tarin Head of the Line* (Macmillan, 1942), tarin
* *Dunnybrook* (Macmillan, 1943) – "tarihin zamantakewa na tsararraki 10 na manoma a cikin al'ummarta" 
* *Yayin da Mala'iku ke Waƙa* (Macmillan, 1947)
* *Yammacin Tudu* (Macmillan, 1949)
* *Kirsimeti Ba Tare da Johnny ba* (Macmillan, 1950)
* *Tauraro Daya Mai Fari* (Macmillan, 1954)
* *Waƙa da Ɗauka da Ɗauka* (Little, Brown, 1957)
* *Ku zo tare da ni gida* (Little, Brown, 1960)
* *Shekaru Hamsin Kawai Da Suka Wuce* (Little, Brown, 1962) – tarihin rayuwa, wanda ya nuna shekarar 1909 a gonar iyali ta Hasty da ke Maine,  
* *Don Tunawa Har Abada: Mujallar 'Yar Kwaleji, 1922–1923* (Little, Brown, 1963) - tarihin rayuwa, wanda ya nuna Kwalejin Bates shekaru arba'in da suka gabata 
* *Hanyar Ta Yi Taushi* (Ƙarami, Brown, 1965)
* *An kunna Hasken Nan* (Little, Brown, 1967)
* *Kirsimeti ta Shekaru* (Little, Brown, 1968), tarin
* *Mutum a kan Dutse* (Ƙaramin, Brown, 1969)
* *Shekaru Daga Gida* (Little, Brown, 1972), tarihin rayuwa da wasiƙu
* *Na gaba na Kin* (Little, Brown, 1974)
* *Sai dai idan kun mutu da ƙuruciya* (WW Norton, 1977)
* *Littafin da Ya Zo Rayayye* (Portland: G. Gannett Publ., 1979), 
* *Fikafikan Kwalejin Berwick: A kan garin Kudancin Berwick da maƙwabtanta (ƙarshen shekarun 1800 da farkon shekarun 1900)* (South Berwick: Dunnybrook Historical Foundation, 1992), 

## Manazarta