Yanayin ƙasar Faransa

Yanayin kasar na Faransa ya ƙunshi filin da kuma galibin filayen masu Jan hankaline ne ko kuma a hankali da tuddai masu girma a arewa da yamma da tsaunuka a kudu (ciki har da Massif Central da Pyrenees) da gabas (mafi girman wuraren ƙasar yana cikin Alps).  Babban birnin Faransa yana da jimlar girman murabba'in kilomita 551,695 (213,011 sq mi) (Turai kawai).  Ita ce kasa ta uku mafi girma a Turai ta yanki (bayan Rasha da Ukraine) kuma mafi girma a Yammacin Turai.

## Yanayin jiki na Babban Birnin Faransa

### Yanayi
Yankin Babban Birnin Faransa yana da girma don haka yanayin ba daidai ba ne kuma yana haifar da yanayin yanayi masu zuwa:

* Ana samun yanayin sanyi mai tsaka-tsaki (*BSk*) a yammacin yankin Bouches-du-Rhône da filin Roussillon na Pyrénées-Orientales. Lokacin bazara yana da zafi, hunturu yana da sanyi. Akwai karancin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a wasu shekaru.
* Ana samun yanayin zafi na lokacin rani na Bahar Rum (*Csa*) tare da Tekun Lion da kuma cikin ƙasa. Lokacin rani yana da zafi kuma ya bushe, hunturu yana da sanyi kuma kaka na iya zama ruwan sama sosai kusa da Cevennes.
* Ana samun Yanayin zafi na lokacin rani na Bahar Rum (*Csb*) a arewa maso yammacin Brittany da Gulf of Lion amma mafi girma, a cikin duwatsu. Lokacin bazara yana da dumi (amma ba zafi ba) kuma ya bushe, hunturu yana da sanyi kuma yana iya zama sanyi a cikin duwatsu kuma kaka yana da ruwan sama.
* Ana samun Yanayin zafi mai zafi (*Cfa*) a kudu maso yammacin Faransa, a yankin Toulouse. A Faransa, yanayin zafi na subtropical ba shi da zafi da zafi kamar yadda yake a Kudu maso gabashin Amurka. Lokacin bazara yana da zafi da rigar fiye da Yankin Bahar Rum, kuma hunturu yana da sanyi kuma yana da ɗan hazo a cikin filayen.
* Yanayin teku (*Cfb*) ya shafi babban ɓangare na Faransa, har zuwa Champagne da Burgundy kuma ba shakka a kusa da gabar tekun Bay of Biscay, Channel na Turanci da Tekun Arewa. Lokacin bazara yana da dumi mai kyau (ba sau da yawa zafi), ɗan bushewa kuma hunturu yana da sanyi da rigar.
* Ana samun yanayin teku na subalpine (*Cfc*) a ƙarƙashin Pyrenees, Massif Central da yammacin Alps na Faransa kamar yadda yake a cikin duwatsun Vercors Massif da Dutsen Chartreuse. Lokacin bazara gajere ne, sanyi da rigar, kuma hunturu yana da matsakaici sanyi, tsawo da dusar ƙanƙara.
* Ana samun yanayin zafi-lokaci mai bushe (*Dsb*) a duk yankunan tsaunuka na Kudancin Faransa tsakanin mita 700 da 1,400 a.s.l. Lokacin bazara yana da dumi da bushewa, kuma hunturu yana da sanyi sosai kuma yana da dusar ƙanƙara.
* Ana samun yanayin sanyi-lokaci mai bushe (*Dsc*) a duk yankunan tsaunuka na Kudancin Faransa tsakanin mita 1,400 da 2,300-2,400 a.s.l. Lokacin bazara yana da sanyi, gajere da bushe, kuma hunturu yana da sanyi sosai kuma yana da dusar ƙanƙara.
* Ana samun yanayin zafi mai zafi (*Dfb*) a gabashin Faransa ko a duk tsaunuka da ke nesa da teku ko teku. Lokacin bazara yana da dumi zuwa zafi da guguwa kuma hunturu yana da sanyi kuma yana da ɗan bushewa, kuma dusar ƙanƙara ba sabon abu ba ne. Sama da mita 500-600 a.s.l a arewa maso gabashin Faransa, dusar ƙanƙara na iya ci gaba a duk lokacin hunturu. A watan Janairun 1985, a Mouthe, zafin jiki ya sauka a ƙarƙashin -41.2 ° C (-42.2 ° F).
* Ana samun yanayin subalpine (*Dfc*) a duk yankunan tsaunuka na Faransa tsakanin mita 1,100-1,400 a.s.l a cikin tsaunukan Vosges da mita 1,400-2,300 a.s . Lokacin bazara yana da sanyi, gajere kuma yana da guguwa yayin da hunturu yana da sanyi sosai, mai tsawo da dusar ƙanƙara.
* Ana samun yanayin tundra na alpine (ET) a duk yankunan tsaunuka na Faransa, gabaɗaya sama da 2,000 ko 2,300-2,400 mita a.s.l dangane da tsaunuka. Lokacin bazara yana da sanyi, guguwa da iska kuma hunturu yana da sanyi sosai, yana da tsawo kuma yana da dusar ƙanƙara.
* Ana samun EF="./Ice_cap_climate" id="mwdA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ice cap climate">Yanayin kankara (EF) a duk yankunan tsaunuka na Faransa waɗanda ke da kankara, a cikin tsaunuka mafi girma na Alps ko Pyrenees. Yanayi a cikin Mont Blanc massif (har zuwa mita 4,810 a.s.l) yanayi ne na kankara misali. Lokacin rani yana da sanyi kuma yana da rigar kuma hunturu yana da sanyi sosai, yana da tsawo kuma yana da dusar ƙanƙara.

Canjin yanayi a Faransa ya haɗa da sama da matsakaicin dumama.

### Babban tsawo

* Matsayi mafi ƙasƙanci: Étang de Lavalduc, Bouches-du-Rhône -10 m
* Matsayi mafi tsawo: Mont Blanc 4,808 m

### Amfani da ƙasa

* *Yankin noma*: 33.40%
* *Amfanin gona na dindindin*: 1.83%
* *Sauran*: 64.77% (2007) 

Ƙasar da ake ban ruwa: 2,420 km2 (2007) &nbsp;

*Jimlar albarkatun ruwa masu sabuntawa:* 211 km3 (2011) &nbsp;

*Rashin ruwa mai laushi (na gida / masana'antu / aikin gona):* 3.62 km3/shekara (19%/71%/10%) (512.1 m3/shekarar ga kowane mutum) (2009) &nbsp;

### Albarkatun halitta
Coal, Karfe ma'adinai, Bauxite, zinc, uranium, antimony, arsenic, potash, feldspar, fluorspar, gypsum, katako, kifi, zinariya, yumɓu, man fetur, azurfa

### Haɗarin Halitta
Ambaliyar ruwa, Girgizar Girgizar Sama, guguwar ruwa, guguwa ta tsakiya, fari, gobarar daji a kudu kusa da Bahar Rum

### Muhalli
Yankin da yanzu ya ƙunshi Faransa ya kunshi fili mai budewa a lokacin Pleistocene Ice Age . A hankali Faransa ta zama gandun daji yayin da kankara suka koma baya tun daga 10,000 BC, amma share waɗannan gandun daji na farko ya fara ne a zamanin Neolithic. Wadannan gandun daji har yanzu suna da yawa har zuwa zamanin da.

A zamanin da, Faransa ta kasance gida ga manyan dabbobi masu cin nama kamar kyarketai da bears masu launin ruwan kasa, da kuma masu cin ganyayyaki kamar elk. Dabbobi mafi girma sun ɓace a waje da Dutsen Pyrenees inda bears ke rayuwa a matsayin nau'in da aka kare. Ƙananan dabbobi sun haɗa da martens, aladu na daji, foxes, weasels, jemagu, rodents, rabbits, da tsuntsaye iri-iri.

A karni na 15, Faransa ta kasance mafi yawa daga cikin gandun daji kuma an tilasta ta dogara da Scandinavia da yankunansu na Arewacin Amurka don katako. Manyan yankunan da suka rage a cikin yankin Gascony da arewacin yankin Alsace-Ardennes. Dajin Ardennes ya kasance wurin da aka yi fada sosai a yaƙe-yaƙe na duniya guda biyu.

Yankin arewa maso tsakiya na yankin ya mamaye Paris Basin, wanda ya ƙunshi jerin duwatsu masu laushi. Ƙasa mai kyau a yawancin yankin suna yin ƙasa mai kyau. Yankin bakin tekun Normandy zuwa arewa maso yamma yana da halayen tsaunuka masu tsawo, yayin da bakin tekun Brittany (ƙasar da ke yamma) ke da ƙuƙwalwa sosai a wuraren da teku ta nutsar da kwari masu zurfi, kuma bakin tekun Biscay zuwa kudu maso yamma yana nuna alamar rairayin bakin teku.

Wani bincike na nesa na duniya na baya-bayan nan ya ba da shawarar cewa akwai 1,433 km2 na filayen ruwa a Faransa, yana mai da shi ƙasa ta 23 dangane da yankin filayen ruwa.&nbsp;
Fayil:Naturasollieres.jpg|Forest in Sollières-Sardières (Natura 2000 site).
Fayil:Calanque_de_Sugiton,_2016.jpg|Calanques National Park in Bouches-du-Rhône
Fayil:Mont_Blanc_depuis_Valmorel_2.jpg|Mont Blanc, the highest summit in Western Europe
Fayil:Etang_de_Lavalduc_2.jpg|Étang de Lavalduc, the lowest point in France


## Yanayin siyasa

Faransa tana da matakai da yawa na rarrabuwar cikin gida. Yankin gudanarwa na farko na Babban Birnin Faransa yankuna ne. Har ila yau, Jamhuriyar Faransa tana da ikon mallakar wasu yankuna da yawa, tare da matakai daban-daban na gudanarwa. 

* Birnin (watau Turai) Faransa ta kasu kashi 12 *yankuna* da yanki 1, Corsica. Koyaya, ana kiran Corsica a matsayin yanki a cikin magana ta kowa. Wadannan yankuna an raba su zuwa yankuna 96, waɗanda aka sake raba su zuwa Gundumar 320, waɗanda aka sake rarraba su zuwa cantons 1,995, waɗanda aka sake rabawa zuwa yankuna 34,836 (kamar yadda 1/1/2021). 

### Yankin

* Land boundaries:

Fayil:France-Constituent-Lands.png|The lands making up the French Republic, shown at the same geographic scale.
Fayil:French_Guiana_in_its_region.svg|French Guiana
Fayil:Territorial_waters_-_France.svg|The exclusive economic zones of France


## Abubuwa masu tsanani
Wannan jerin manyan wurare ne na Faransa; abubuwan da ke arewa, kudu, gabas ko yamma fiye da kowane wuri.

### Faransa (ƙasar Turai)

* Yankin Arewa - Bray-Dunes, Arewa a 55°59′N 2°32′E / 55.983°N 2.533°E / 55.983; 2.533
* Yankin kudu - Puig de Comanegra, Lamanere, Pyrénées-Orientales a 43°40′N 2°31′E / 43.667°N 2.517°E / 43.667; 2.517
* Yammacin Yamma - Pointe de Corsen, Plouarzel, Finistère a 48°24′N 4°47′W / 48.400°N 4.783°W / 48.40; -4.783
* Matsayi mafi gabas - Lauterbourg, Bas Rhin a 48°58′N 8°13′E / 48.967°N 8.217°E / 48.967; 8.217

### Faransa (babban birni)

* Yankin Arewa - Bray-Dunes, Arewa a 55°59′N 2°32′E / 55.983°N 2.533°E / 55.983; 2.533
* Yankin kudu - Tsibirin Lavezzi (a waje da Corsica), Bonifacio, Corse-du-Sud a 41°20′N 9°15′E / 41.333°N 9.250°E / 41.-333; 9.250
* Yammacin Yamma - Isle of Ushant (daga Brittany), Finistère a 48°27′N 5°08′W / 48.450°N 5.133°W / 48. 450; -5.133
* Matsayi mafi gabas - San-Giuliano (kusa da Cervione), Haute-Corse a 42°17′N 9°33′E / 42.283°N 9.550°E / 42.253; 9.550

### Faransa (ciki har da sassan kasashen waje)

* Yankin Arewa - Bray-Dunes, Arewa a 55°59′N 2°32′E / 55.983°N 2.533°E / 55.983; 2.533
* Yankin kudu - Saint-Joseph, Réunion a 21°23′S 55°39′E / 21.383°S 55.650°E / -21.383; 55.650
* Yammacin Yamma - Pointe-Noire, Guadeloupe a 16°16′N 61°48′W / 16.267°N 61.800°W / 16.277; -61.800
* Matsayi mafi gabas - Sainte-Rose, Réunion a 21°11′S 55°50′E / 21.183°S 55.833°E / -21.183; 55.833

### Faransa (duk yankin Jamhuriyar Faransa)

* Yankin Arewa: Bray-Dunes, Arewa a 55°59′N 2°32′E / 55.983°N 2.533°E / 55.983; 2.533 
* Yankin kudu: Tsibirin Boynes, Tsibirin Kerguelen, Yankin Kudancin Faransa da Antarctic a 50°01′S 68°52′E / 50.017°S 68.867°E / -50.017; 68.867 
* Yammacin Yamma: Toloke, Futuna, Wallis da Futuna a 14°42′S 178°33′W / 14.700°S 178.550°W / -14.700; -178.550 
* Matsayi mafi gabas: Hunter Island, New Caledonia a 22°31′S 172°6′E / 22.517°S 172.100°E / -22.517; 172.100 

* Jerin manyan biranen Faransa goma sha biyar bisa yawan jama'a
* Geoportail
* Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayi ta Kasa