Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam

**Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Bil'adama,** ƙungiya ce ta zamantakewar al'umma a Amurka wacce ke ƙoƙarin samun 'yanci dai-dai na Baƙin Amurkawa. Ƙungiyar ta shahara saboda amfani da zanga -zangar rashin ƙarfi da rashin biyayya jama'a (cikin lumana ƙi bin dokokin rashin adalci). Masu gwagwarmaya sunyi amfani da dabaru kamar ƙauracewa, zama, da zanga-zangar nuna rashin amincewa. Wasu lokuta 'yan sanda ko fararen fata masu wariyar launin fata za su kawo musu hari, amma masu gwagwarmaya ba su yi yaƙi ba.

Koyaya, ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Bil'adama ta ƙunshi mutane da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban. Ba kowa ya yi imani da abubuwa iri ɗaya ba. Misali, ƙungiyar Baƙin Baki ta yi imanin cewa baƙar fata ya kamata su nemi haƙƙinsu na ɗan ƙasa kuma su tilasta wa shugabannin farar fata su ba su waɗannan haƙƙoƙin.

Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin ɗan Adam kuma an yi ta daga mutane daga kabilu da addinai daban-daban. Shugabannin Harkar da yawancin masu gwagwarmaya sun kasance Ba'amurke Ba'amurke. Koyaya, kuma Ƙungiyar ta sami tallafin siyasa da na kudi daga kungiyoyin kwadago, ƙungiyoyin addinai, da wasu ‘yan siyasa farar fata, kamar Lyndon B. Johnson . Masu fafutuka daga kowane jinsi sun zo don haɗuwa da Ba-Amurkan na Amurka a cikin jerin gwano, zama, da zanga-zanga.

Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Bil'adama ta sami nasara sosai. Ya taimaka wajen samar da dokokin tarayya biyar da gyare-gyare biyu ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki . Waɗannan a hukumance sun kiyaye haƙƙin Baƙin Afirka. Hakan kuma ya taimaka sauya halayen fararen fata da yawa game da yadda aka bi da bakar fata da kuma haƙƙin da ya cancanta.

## Kafin Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Bil'adama

Kafin yaƙin basasan Amurka , akwai kusan  bayi bakar fata miliyan hudu a Amurka. Farar fata kawai waɗanda ke da dukiya za su iya yin zaɓe, kuma fararen fata ne kawai za su iya zama 'yan ƙasar Amurka.   

### Hotuna

File:And Not This Man? (August 1865), by Thomas Nast.jpg|1865 Cartoons game da yadda bakake suka yi aiki a yakin basasa da yhus yakamata su iya jefa kuri'a
File:Racistcampaignposter1.jpg|Foton kamfen mai nuna wariyar launin fata (1866). Tana fadawa mutane su zabi mutumin da ba zai goyi bayan hakkin jama'a ba
File:ColfaxMassacre.jpg|'Yan kungiyar farar hula sun kashe baƙaƙe 62  153 a kisan kiyashin Colfax a Louisiana (1873) 
File:JimCrowCar2.jpg|Cartoons daga 1904 wanda ke nuna yadda ba a yiwa baƙaƙen fata daidai ba a ƙarƙashin "Jim Crow" 
File:Ku Klux Klan members and a burning cross, Denver, Colorado, 1921.jpg|babban yatsa | KKK ta yi amfani da ta'addanci don hana baƙar fata amfani da Haƙƙinsu ko faɗa don ƙarin 
File:Wilson-quote-in-birth-of-a-nation.jpg|Magana daga Woodrow Wilson da aka yi amfani da shi a fim ɗin *[[Birth of a Nation|wariyar launin fata Haihuwar]]* (asa (1915). Sanarwar ta ce KKK za ta ceci Kudu daga bakaken fata
File:Lynching of six African-Americans in Lee County, GA, 20 Jan 1916.tiff|Lynching na Ba'amurke Ba'amurke shida a Georgia (1916)
File:duluth-lynching-postcard.jpg|Lynchings shima ya faru a arewa. Wannan katin wasika yana nuna yadda ake yin layi a Minnesota (1920) 
File:Rex theatre.jpg|Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na daban don baƙar fata a Mississippi (1937)
File:ColoredDrinking.jpg|Wani baƙar fata ya sha ruwa daga ruwan sha mai "launuka" a cikin garin Oklahoma (1939)
File:African-americans-wwii-002.jpg|A baki Soja sanda (MP) a gaban wani "canza launin" MP ƙofar a Jojiya (1942)
File:We want white tenants.jpg|babban yatsa | rarrabuwa kuma ya faru a Arewa. Wannan alamar daga Detroit ce (1942)

File:NAACP leaders with poster NYWTS.jpg|Membobin NAACP, gami da Thurgood Marshall (a dama), sun ci *Brown*
File:Warren Court 1953.jpg|Kotun koli mai launin fata wacce ta yanke hukuncin hana wariyar makaranta
File:14th Amendment Sign at the Brown v Board of Education Historical Site.jpg|Kofa a gidan kayan *tarihin Brown* . Kofar tana nuna alamun "Masu Launi" da "Fari" na rarrabuwa
File:Integration.jpg|Blackaliban baƙi da fari sun haɗu bayan *Brown* a Washington, DC
File:US Marshals with Young Ruby Bridges on School Steps.jpg|Marshals na Amurka suna kare Ruby Bridges mai shekaru 6, baƙar fata kaɗai a cikin makarantar Louisiana

File:Rosa Parks being fingerprinted by Deputy Sheriff D.H. Lackey after being arrested for refusing to give up her seat for a white passenger on a segregated municipal bus in Montgomery, Alabama.jpg|Ana yatsan Rosa Parks bayan an kama ta
File:Rosa Parks Bus.jpg|Motar bas din Rosa Parks tana hawa lokacin da ta ki barin wurin zama
File:Rosaparks busdiagram.jpg|Shaidun kotu da ke nuna inda Parks ke zaune a cikin bas din
File:Rosaparks policereport.jpg|Rahoton 'yan sanda kan Parks, yana bayyana ta " laifi "

File:Aaron Henry 1964.jpg|Membobin MFDP a Babban taron Ƙasa na Dattawa na 1964 (DNC)
File:African American and white Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party supporters demonstrating 05237v.jpg|Masu zanga-zangar a DNC suna riƙe da alamomi da ke nuna mutane uku da aka kashe masu rajin 'Yancin bazarar
File:Mississippi KKK Conspiracy Murders June 21 1964 Parties To The Conspiracy.jpg|Membobin Ku Klux Klan waɗanda wani ɓangare ne na makarkashiyar kashe masu fafutuka
File:Lawrence Rainey flanked by FBI agents.jpg|Sheriff Lawrence Rainey, wanda yana daga cikin makarkashiyar, an kai shi kotu
File:Mt. Zion Methodist Church state history marker in Neshoba County.JPG|Alamar girmamawa ga masu gwagwarmaya uku da aka kashe


### Dokar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta 1964
Shawarar da John F. Kennedy ya gabatar game da dokar kare Haƙƙin jama'a  na da goyon baya daga mambobin Majalisar Wakilai na Arewa - na Democrats da na Republican. Koyaya, Sanatocin Kudancin sun hana dokar da aka ba da shawarar wucewa. Su filibustered for 54 days don toshe da doka daga zama doka. A ƙarshe, Shugaba Lyndon B. Johnson ya sami lissafin amincewa. 

### Tsarin gidaje masu kyau (1966-1968)
Daga shekara 5 1966 zuwa shekara ta 1968, ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin jama'a sun mai da hankali sosai kan gidaje masu kyau. Ko da a wajen Kudu, samar da gidaje daidai ya zama matsala. Misali, a cikin shekara ta1963, California ta zartar da Dokar Gidaje Mai Kyawu wanda ya sanya rarrabuwa a cikin gidaje ya zama doka. Fararrun masu jefa kuri'a da masu ba da gudummawar kadarori sun sami dokar ta sauya shekara mai zuwa. Wannan ya taimaka wajen haifar da Tarzomar Watts .   (Daga baya, a cikin shekara ta 1966, California ta sake gabatar da Dokar Gidaje Mai Kyau ta zama doka.  )


File:I Am a Man - Diorama of Memphis Sanitation Workers Strike - National Civil Rights Museum - Downtown Memphis - Tennessee - USA.jpg|Mutum-mutumi na ma'aikatan tsabtace muhalli a yajin aiki
File:Martin Luther King was shot here Small Web view.jpg|Motar inda aka kashe Sarki (yanzu gidan kayan gargajiya ). Wurin yana nuna wurin da aka harbi Sarki
File:James Earl Ray-F.B.I. wanted poster-.jpg|Hoton " FBI da Aka Fi So" ga James Earl Ray, wanda daga baya aka yanke masa hukuncin kisan Sarki
File:Damage to a store following the riots in Washington, D.C., April 16, 1968.jpg|Lalacewa ga wani shago daga tarzoma a Washington, DC, bayan kisan Sarki
File:Leffler - 1968 Washington, D.C. Martin Luther King, Jr. riots.jpg|Solid suna tsaye kusa da gine-ginen da tarzoma ta lalata a Washington, DC
File:Garment workers listen to funeral service for MLK on portable radio April 8 1968.jpg|Ma'aikatan tufafi suna sauraren jana'izar Dr. King ta rediyo
File:Poor People's March at Lafayette Park ppmsca.04302.jpg|Masu zanga-zangar Kamfen na Talakawa a Washington, DC
File:Resurrection City Washington D.C. 1968.jpg|"Tent city" inda masu zanga-zangar suka kwana a Washington, DC


## Manazarta