Ruwan sama a Karnataka

Jihar Karnataka a Indiya tana fuskantar yawan ruwan sama a yankuna daban-daban. Yayin da Malnad da Coastal Karnataka ke samun yawan ruwan sama; yankinta na arewacin Bayaluseemae a cikin Deccan Plateau yana daya daga cikin yankunan da ba su da bushewa a kasar. Galibin ruwan sama da ake samu a jihar na damina ne.  tattalin arzikin noma da kaso mai yawa na ‘yan kasar da ke sana’ar noma, rashin samun ruwan sama na iya yin illa ga tattalin arzikin jihar. Baya ga fa'idar aikin gona, gwamnatin Karnataka ta yi kokarin cin moriyar sauran amfanin ruwan sama ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin kimiyya. Misalin wannan shi ne aikin, aikin *noman ruwan sama a Karnataka na Karnataka* wanda majalisar kimiya da fasaha ta jihar Karnataka ta kaddamar kuma yana daya daga cikin manyan ayyukan noman ruwan sama a duniya.  Agumbe a gundumar Shimoga, Amagaon a gundumar Belgaum, Hulikal kuma a gundumar Shimoga da Talakaveri a Madikeri wasu wuraren da aka fi sani da ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a Kudancin Indiya. Daga cikin wannan Amagaon ya sami sama da 10000&nbsp;mm ruwan sama na sauka sau biyu a cikin shekaru 10.

Agumbe da Hulikal a gundumar Shivamogga na yammacin Ghat ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin "Cheerapunji na Kudancin Indiya" amma har yanzu wasu wurare a yankin Western Ghats sun haifar da ruwan sama fiye da waɗannan ƙauyuka biyu. Amagaon a gundumar Belgaum ya rubuta adadin sihiri na 10,068mm a cikin shekara ta 2010, Mundrote a gundumar Kodagu ya rubuta 9974mm a cikin shekara ta 2011.

Teburin da ke ƙasa ya kwatanta ruwan sama tsakanin Agumbe a cikin Thirthahalli taluk a gundumar Shimoga, Hulikal a cikin Hosanagara taluk a gundumar Shimoga, Amagaon a cikin Khanapur Taluk a gundumar Belgaum da Talacauvery da Mundrote a Madikeri taluk a gundumar Kodagu, Kokalli na Sirsi Taluk, Nilkund na Siddapur Taluk. CastleRock na Supa (Joida) Taluk a gundumar Uttara Kannada, Kollur a gundumar Udupi don nuna wanda za a iya kiransa " Cherapunji na Kudancin Indiya".

Wadannan su ne manyan wurare 5 da suka yi rikodin ruwan sama mafi girma a cikin kididdiga [2010-2017]    

Wuraren da ke gaba sun yi rikodin ruwan sama mafi girma dangane da kowace shekara [2010-2017]

## Muhimmanci
Tattalin arzikin Karnataka yafi noma ne kuma yawancinsa ya dogara da ruwan sama; musamman damina ta kudu maso yamma . Girman ƙasa mai bushewa a cikin jihar shine na biyu kawai ga Rajasthan.  26.5% kawai na yankin da aka shuka (30,900&nbsp;km²) ana yin ban ruwa don haka sauran filayen noman sun dogara ne akan ruwan sama.  Har ila yau ruwan sama ya yi tasiri wajen yawan ruwan da ake samu a koguna wanda hakan ke yin tasiri ga yawan ruwan sha ga al’umma da kuma yawan wutar lantarki da za a iya samu a tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki a jihar. Muhimmancin ruwan sama shine ta yadda Karnataka wani lokaci yakan yi amfani da hanyoyin wucin gadi masu tsada kamar shukar gajimare don haifar da ruwan sama ta hanyar wucin gadi.  Har ila yau ruwan sama na da matukar muhimmanci wajen kara yawan ruwan da ke cikin kasa kuma Karnataka ta bullo da sabbin hanyoyi kamar yadda ake noman ruwan sama domin magance matsalar karancin ruwan sha a jihar.

### Ruwansama
Karnataka majagaba ce a ra'ayin girbi ruwan sama tare da Majalisar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Karnataka (KSCST) tana aiwatar da ɗayan manyan ayyukan girbin ruwan sama a duniya. Makarantu 23683 a Karnataka na Karnataka an zabo domin gudanar da wannan aiki da babban burin samar da ruwan sha ta hanyar amfani da hanyar girbin rufin asiri.  A cikin wannan aikin, ruwan sama da aka tattara a saman rufin yana gudana ta hanyar tsarin bututun PVC kuma an adana shi a cikin tankin da aka rufe. Bututun ya ƙunshi tacewa na farko wanda ke fitar da ruwan sama na farko tare da wasu gurɓatattun abubuwan da ka iya wanzuwa a kan rufin sannan kuma a bar ruwan sama mai tsabta mai tsabta ya wuce zuwa tanki. Ana amfani da tace gadon yashi don ƙara kawar da datti a cikin ruwa kafin a tattara shi a cikin tanki.  Ana ɗaukar ƙarin matakan kariya don hana ƙura da kwari shiga cikin tanki.

## Sakamako

### Rashin ruwan sama
Shekarar ƙarancin ruwan sama yana haifar da sakamako masu zuwa:

* Aikin noma zai yi tasiri: Duk da yake wannan yana da tasiri kai tsaye ga tattalin arzikin jihar, yana kuma haifar da wasu batutuwan zamantakewa kamar kashe kashe manoma. Sakamakon gazawar noman noman, manoma ba za su iya biyan bashin da suka karba na noma ba kuma kadan ne daga cikinsu ke daukar wani mataki na kashe kansu. 
* Karancin ruwan sha: Yawancin garuruwa da biranen Karnataka sun dogara da koguna don samar da ruwan sha kuma duk wani karancin ruwan sama yana haifar da karancin ruwan sha ga gidajen.
* Karancin wutar lantarki: Rashin ruwan sama yana haifar da raguwar adadin wutar lantarki da ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki ke samarwa don haka dole ne a dauki tsauraran matakai kamar yanke wutar lantarki na tilas don magance wannan karancin. 

### Yawan ruwan sama

Ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya na iya haifar da hasarar rayuka da dukiyoyi tare da lalata amfanin gonakin.  Ruwan sama mai yawa ya kuma haifar da tasiri a manyan biranen da magudanan tituna ke haifar da cunkoson ababen hawa. Misalin hakan shi ne a shekara ta 2005 lokacin da *tafkin Madivala* ya mamaye titin Hosur na Bangalore wanda ya tilasta wa makarantu da ofisoshi da yawa rufe. 

## Rarraba ruwan sama
Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a Karnataka shine 1248&nbsp;mm.  An raba jihar zuwa yankuna uku na yanayin yanayi wato. Cikin Arewa Karnataka, Kudancin Cikin Karnataka da Karnataka Coastal. Karnataka Coastal tare da matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na 3456&nbsp;mm yana daya daga cikin yankunan da ake yawan ruwan sama a kasar. Kwatankwacin wannan, yankin Kudancin Cikin Karnataka da Arewacin cikin Karnataka sun karɓi 1126 da 731 kawai.&nbsp;mm na matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara. 

## Gundumomi
The average annual rainfall in the districts of Karnataka varies from 562 mm (22.1 in) in the Bagalkot district to 4,119 mm (162.2 in) in the Udupi District. Bagalkot, Chitradurga and Koppal are the districts which receive the least rainfall whereas Udupi, Dakshina Kannada, Uttara Kannada, Hassan, Kodagu, Chickmagalur and Shivamogga districts receive the heaviest rainfall.

## Bayanan kula