Anna Wheeler (marubuciya)

**Anna Wheeler** (c. 1780 - 1848), wanda kuma aka sani da sunan budurwa **Anna Doyle**, marubuciya ce haifaffen Irish kuma mai ba da shawara kan 'yancin siyasa ga mata da fa'idodin hana haihuwa. Ta auri Francis Massey Wheeler lokacin tana "kusan 16" kuma yana "kusan 19", kodayake ba a san shekarar ba. Sun rabu bayan shekara goma sha biyu. Bayan mutuwarsa ta kara kudin shiga ta hanyar fassara ayyukan masana falsafar Faransa. 

Ta kasance sanannun Robert Owen, Jeremy Bentham, da Frances Wright . Masanin falsafa William Thompson ya kwatanta littafinsa *Appeal of One Half of the Human Race, Women, Against the Pretensions of the Other Half, Men, to Retain them in Political, and Hence in Civil and Domestic, Slavery* a matsayin "dukiyar haɗin gwiwa" na kansa da ita.

Mace ce mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin siyasa ga mata da daidaito a fannin ilimi, ta kasance abokantaka da masu ra'ayin mata da 'yan gurguzu na Faransa.

## Rayuwar farko
Anna Doyle ita ce 'yar Rev. Nicholas Milley Doyle, limamin Cocin Ireland,  Rector na Newcastle, County Tipperary. Ba ta da ilimin boko, amma ta koyi Faransanci, labarin kasa, karatu da rubutu a gida. A cikin 1795, tana kusan shekara goma sha biyar, ta auri Francis Massey Wheeler, na Lizard Connell,  magaji ga wani ƙasa a Ballywire, wanda ya ba ta shawara a ƙwallon. An haife shi a cikin 1776, kuma jikan Hugh Massy, 1st Baron Massy (1700-1788)  shi kansa sha tara ne kawai,  kuma sun kafa gida a County Limerick . Bisa ga tarihin rayuwar 'yarta Rosina, Wheeler yana da 'ya'ya mata biyar,  ko da yake wata majiya mai mahimmanci ta ce biyu.  'Yarta Rosina Doyle Wheeler, wacce daga baya ta rubuta cewa an haife ta a 1802,  ta zama marubuciyar marubuci Rosina Bulwer Lytton .

Wheeler ya karanta ko'ina, yana ɗaukar duka zamanin Faransanci na masu tunani da kuma Mary Wollstonecraft . Mijinta ya kasance mashayi mai cin zarafi, don haka ta rabu da shi bayan shekaru goma sha biyu ta hanyar ƙaura zuwa Guernsey don zama tare da kawunta, Janar Sir John Doyle sannan a matsayin Laftanar Gwamna na Guernsey . A 1815 ta koma London, don cin gajiyar ilimin 'ya'yanta mata. A 1816 ta fara tafiya ta Faransa. 

Ɗaya daga cikin 'yan'uwanta, Sir John Milley Doyle (1781-1856) shi ne kwamandan sojojin Birtaniya da na Fotigal a cikin Yaƙin Peninsular da Yaƙin 'Yan'uwan Biyu . 

## Daga baya rayuwa
Mijin Wheeler ya mutu a shekara ta 1820 kuma ya bar ta ba tare da komai ba, don haka ta kara kudin shiga ta hanyar fassara ayyukan Charles Fourier da sauran masana falsafa na Owenite zuwa Turanci. Ta gudanar da rayuwarta ta tafiye-tafiye, zama tare da abokai da kuma inganta labarai da ra'ayoyin motsin mata. Ta zauna a London, Dublin, Caen, da Paris. 

A London, ta sadu da Robert Owen, Jeremy Bentham da Frances Wright, kuma ta zama abokai na kud da kud da William Thompson . A cikin 1825, wanda James Mill ya kori wakilcin siyasa ga mata, Thompson ya rubuta *Roko na Daya Rabin Race na Dan Adam, Mata, Against Pretensions na Sauran Rabin, Maza, don Rike su cikin Siyasa, kuma Don haka a cikin farar hula da cikin gida, bauta* .   Thompson ya bayyana littafin a matsayin "dukiyar haɗin gwiwa" na kansa da Anna Wheeler. Dukansu sun kasance masu ba da shawara ga fa'idodin hana haihuwa. 

Wheeler ta kasance daya daga cikin mata na farko da suka fara yakin neman yancin mata a taron jama'a a Ingila. Wani lokaci ta yi magana a South Place Chapel, "wani wuri na taro"  sannan a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Reverend William Johnson Fox  kuma yanzu an fi sani da Conway Hall . Unitarians, kamar Quakers, sun goyi bayan daidaiton mata,  da wannan ɗakin sujada, wanda ke kan dandalin Finsbury a tsakiyar London,  ya ba ta mumbari don yin magana a kan "Haƙƙin Mata". A cikin wannan adireshi na 1829, Wheeler ya karyata muhawarar da ake yi game da fifikon maza kuma ya karfafa mata da su yi aiki tare don ƙirƙirar ƙungiya "don samun ... kawar da nakasa mata da kuma gabatar da tsarin kasa na daidaitattun ilimi ga jarirai na duka jinsi."

Mai ba da shawara mai mahimmanci na 'yancin siyasa ga mata da kuma daidaitattun dama a ilimi, Wheeler abokin 'yan mata da 'yan gurguzu na Faransa Flora Tristan da Desiré Veret .  A farkon shekarun 1830. ta taimaka wajen kafa mujallar ** . Sauran abokanta da abokan aikinta sun haɗa da Henri Saint-Simon da Charles Fourier, Suzanne Voilquin (edita na *Tribune des femmes* ), Marie-Reine Guindorf, da Jeanne Deroin . 

A 1833 William Thompson ya mutu, ya bar Wheeler shekara ta £100, wanda ya isa ya kula da gida mai kyau.

## Labarai

* William Thompson, *Roko na Rabin Ƙarshen Bil Adama, Mata, Akan Ƙirar Wasu, Maza* (1825); Thompson ya yaba wa Wheeler da yawancin ra'ayoyi a cikin wannan fili.
* Anna Wheeler, *Haƙƙin Mata* (1830), wanda aka buga a *The British Co-operator* .
* Anna Wheeler, *Wasika daga Vlasta* (1833)

## Mutuwa da zuriya
Wheeler an tilasta masa ficewa daga rayuwar jama'a a cikin 1840s saboda rashin lafiya, kuma ta mutu a ranar 7 ga Mayu 1848 a Camden, London, bayan ta ki amincewa da gayyatar shiga cikin juyin juya hali a Faransa na waccan shekarar . 

'Yar Wheeler Rosina Bulwer Lytton marubuciya ce kuma mai magana da yawun jama'a. Jikanta Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl na Lytton, ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Indiya daga 1876 zuwa 1880, kuma manyan jikokinta biyu sun zama Earls na biyu da na uku na Lytton.

Daya daga cikin manyan 'ya'yan Wheeler ita ce surukar Firayim Minista Gerald Balfour, yayin da wani, Lady Constance Lytton, ya bi misalin Anna kuma ya zama babban mai zanga-zangar adawa, mai cin abinci da kuma marubuci, kuma na uku, Lady Emily Bulwer-Lytton, ya damu da iyayenta ta hanyar samun nasarar ba da shawara ga masanin gine-ginen Luty da Landphino Landphino . Marubutan tarihin rayuwar Mary Lutyens da Jane Ridley (an haifi 1953) zuriyar wannan aure ne.

## Duba kuma

* Tarihin mata

## Manazarta

## Kara karantawa

* Bonnie S. Anderson, *Gaisuwa Mai Farin Ciki: Ƙungiyar Mata ta Duniya ta Farko 1830–1860* (Oxford: Jami'ar Oxford Press, 2000)
* Margaret MaFadden, *Golden Cables na Tausayi: Tushen Transatlantic na Mata na Ƙarni na Sha Tara* (Lexington, Ky: Jami'ar Kentucky Press, 1999)
* Karen Offen, *Mata na Turai 1700-1795: Tarihin Siyasa* (Stanford, Ca: Jami'ar Stanford Press, 2000)
* 
* William Thompson, ed. by Dolores Dooley, *Roko na Daya Rabin Race na Dan Adam, Mata, Against Pretensions na Sauran, Maza* (1825, sake buga Cork, Ireland: Cork University Press, 1997)
* Anna Wheeler, "Ga Editan Rikicin", a cikin *Rikicin* da aka yi kwanan watan Agusta 1833; An sake bugawa a cikin Marie Mulvey Roberts da Tamae Mizuta (eds.), *The Rebels, Irish Feminists* (London: Routledge / Thoemmes Press, 1995)