open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
David Maulana

**David Maulana** (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Fabrairu shekarar 2002) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Indonesiya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya a ƙungiyar Bhayangkara ta Liga 1 . 

## Aikin kulob

### Bhayangkara
Ya rattaba hannu kan kwantiragi da Bhayangkara don taka leda a La Liga 1 a kakar shekarar  2022.  David ya fara buga gasar lig a ranar 24 ga Yuli shekarar 2022 a karawar da suka yi da Persib Bandung a filin wasa na Wibawa Mukti, Cikarang . 

## Ayyukan kasa da kasa
David yana cikin tawagar Indonesiya U17 da ta lashe Gasar Matasa ta shekarar 2018 AFF U-16 da kuma tawagar Indonesiya U19 da ta kare ta uku a Gasar Matasa ta U-19 ta shekarar 2019 . 

## Kididdigar sana'a

### Kulob

; Bayanan kula.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

## Girmamawa

### Ƙasashen Duniya

; Indonesia U16

* Thien Phong Plastic Cup: 2017 
* JENESYS Japan-ASEAN U-16 Wasan Kwallon Kafa na Matasa : 2017 
* Gasar matasa ta AFF U-16 : 2018 

; Indonesia U19

* AFF U-19 Championship Matsayi na uku: 2019

### Mutum

* JENESYS Japan-ASEAN U-16 Gasar Kwallon Matasa Mafi kyawun ɗan wasa: 2017 

## Magana

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* 
* David Maulana  at Liga Indonesia
Revan Nurianto

**Revan Joni Nurianto** (an haife shi a ranar  14 ga watan Yuni shekarar 2002) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Indonesiya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin winger a kulob din La Liga 2 Persela Lamongan .

## Aikin kulob

### Persela Lamongan
An sanya hannu kan Persela Lamongan don taka leda a La Liga 1 a kakar shekarar 2021. Revan ya fara buga wasansa na farko a ranar 4 ga watan Satumba shekarar 2021 a wasan da suka yi da PSIS Semarang a filin wasa na Wibawa Mukti, Cikarang . 

## Kididdigar sana'a

### Kulob

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## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* 
* Revan Nurianto  at Liga Indonesia
Jejen Zainal Abidin

**Jejen Zainal Abidin** (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 1987) shi ne dan wasan kwallon kafa ta kasar Indonesiya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin babban dan wasan tsakiya . 

## Aikin kulob

### Gresik United
A cikin watan Disamba shekarar 2014, Abidin ya sanya hannu tare da Gresik United . 

### Hizbul Watan FC
A cikin shekarar 2021, Jejen ya rattaba hannu kan kwangila tare da kulob din La Liga 2 na Indonesian Hizbul Wathan . Ya buga wasansa na farko a gasar a ranar 27 ga watan Satumba da Persijap Jepara a filin wasa na Manahan, Surakarta . 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin hadi na waje

* 
* Jejen Zainal Abidin  at Liga Indonesia
Asa Budi

**Asep Budi Santosa**  (an haife shi a ranar 19 ga watan Disamba shekarar 1990) ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Indonesiya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida .  A baya can, ya buga wa wasu gwagwal kungiyoyin Indonesiya da dama, irin su Persik Kediri, Persela Lamongan, Persiba Balikpapan da Persita Tangerang . 

## Aikin kulob

### Persita Tangerang
An sanya hannu kan Persita Tangerang don taka leda a La Liga 2 a kakar shekarar 2019. 

### Persiraja Banda Aceh
Sabon kulob din da aka ci gaba, Persiraja Banda Aceh, ya tabbatar da cewa gwagwal Asep Budi zai buga musu gasar 2020 Liga 1 . An dakatar da wannan kakar a ranar 27 ga watan Maris shekarar 2020 saboda cutar ta COVID-19 . An yi watsi da kakar kuma an ayyana ba komai a ranar 20 ga Janairu shekarar 2021. 

### Persis Solo
A cikin shekarar 2021, Asep Budi ya rattaba hannu kan kwangila tare da kulob din Indonesiya Liga 2 Persis Solo . 

### PSPS Riya
An sanya hannu Asep don PSPS Riau don taka leda a La Liga 2 a kakar shekarar 2022-23 .  Ya buga wasansa na farko a gasar a ranar 29 ga watan Agusta shekarar 2022 a wasan da suka yi da Semen Padang a babban filin wasa na Riau, Riau . 

## Girmamawa

### Kulob

; Persita Tangerang

* Gasar La Liga 2 : 2019

## Magana

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* 
* Asep Budi  at Liga Indonesia
Nasiru Supardi

**Supardi Nasir Bujang** (an haife shi a ranar 9 Watan Afrilu shekarar  1983) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Indonesiya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya a ƙungiyar La Liga 2 PSPS Riau .  Ya yi karo da tawagar kasar Indonesiya a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a Gasar AFF ta 2007 .

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Nasiru musulmi ne wanda ya yi azumin watan Ramadan . 

## Kididdigar Ma'aikata

### Kulob

## Girmamawa

### Kungiyoyi

; Sriwijaya

* Indonesia Super League : 2011-12 
* Garkuwan al'ummar Indonesiya : 2010 
* Kofin Inter Island na Indonesia : 2010 

; Babban Bandung

* Indonesia Super League : 2014
* Kofin shugaban kasa : 2015 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*
Mifathul Ikhsan

**Muhammad Mifathul Ikhsan**  (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Fabrairu shekarar 2000) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Indonesiya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan baya na ƙungiyar Borneo FC dake buga gasar La Liga 1.

## Aikin kulob

### Borno
A cikin shekarar 2019, Ikhsan ya rattaba hannu tare da kulob din Indonesiya Liga 1 Borneo . Ya fara buga wasansa na farko ne a ranar 20 ga watan Nuwanba shekarar  2019 a karawar da suka yi da PSS Sleman a filin wasa na Maguwoharjo, Sleman . 

#### Arema (loan)
An sanya hannu kan Arema don taka leda a La Liga 1 a kakar shekarar 2020, a kan aro daga Borneo . An dakatar da wannan kakar a ranar 27 ga Maris shekarar 2020 saboda cutar ta COVID-19 . An yi watsi da kakar kuma an ayyana ba komai a ranar 20 ga watan Janairu shekarar 2021. 

#### Rans Cilegon (loan)
A cikin shekarar 2021, Ikhsan ya rattaba hannu tare da kulob din Indonesiya Liga 2 Rans Cilegon, a kan aro daga Borneo . 

## Kididdigar sana'a

### Kulob

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## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*
Rizky Eka Pratama

**Muhammad Rizky Eka Pratama** (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Disamba shekarar 1999) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Indonesiya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin winger na kulob ɗin La Liga 1 PSM Makassar .

## Aikin kulob

### PSM Makasar
An sanya hannu kan PSM Makassar don taka leda a La Liga 1 a kakar shekarar  2019. Rizky Eka ya fara halarta a ranar 27 ga watan Satumba shekarar 2019 a karawar da suka yi da Persipura Jayapura . A ranar 18 ga Nuwamba 2019, Rizky ya zira kwallonsa ta farko don PSM a kan Persipura Jayapura a cikin minti na 34th a filin wasa na Andi Mattalatta, Makassar . 

## Ayyukan kasa da kasa
A watan Nuwamba shekarar 2019, an nada Rizky a matsayin Indonesia U-20 All Stars tawagar, don taka leda a U-20 International Cup da aka gudanar a Bali . 

## Kididdigar sana'a

### Kulob

## Girmamawa

### Kulob

; PSM Makasar

* Laliga 1 : 2022-23
* Piala Indonesia : 2019 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* 
* Rizky Eka Pratama  at Liga Indonesia
Libuše Jarcovjaková

**Libuše Jarcovjáková** (born 5 May 1952) is a Czech photographer and educator, based in Prague. Jarcovjáková photographed nightlife, minority groups and marginalised people in the 1970s and 1980s in Prague and West Berlin, and made self portraits. She made diaristic work of her hedonistic lifestyle, and of the inhabitants of a clandestine gay bar that she visited almost nightly, in 1980s Prague, where the Communist state was institutionally homophobic.

## Rayuwa da aiki
Jarcovjáková an haife shi a Prague a lokacin Jamhuriyar Socialist Czechoslovak .  Iyayenta sun kasan ce masu zane-zane.  Ta yi karatun digiri na biyu a Makarantar Fina-Finai da TV na Kwalejin Fasaha ta Prague .  A ƙarshen 1970s ta ɗau ki wani zama a Japan na da yawa watanni.  A 1985 Jarcovjáková ya koma yammacin Berlin kuma a 1992 ya koma Prague.  Ta kasan ce tana koyar da daukar hoto tun cikin 1990s,  a halin yanzu tana yin hakan a Kwalejin Zane-zane da Makaran tar Sakandare na Zane-zane  (VOŠ a SPŠ Grafická v Praze) a Prague.

Rubuce-rubucen na Jarcovjáková da hotuna daga Prague, Yam macin Berlin da Tokyo tsakanin 1971 zuwa 1987, an buga ta a cikin littafin 2016 *Černé Roky* (The Black Years).  

Tsakanin 1983 da 1985, Jarcovjáková ta ɗauki hoton mazauna wani mashaya gay an ɓoye a Prague, wanda ake kira T-Club, wanda take yawan zuwa kusan kowane dare,   ta amfani da fim ɗin baki da fari da walƙiya . Sau ran batutu wanta a wannan lokacin ita ce kanta da 'yan gudun hijirar tattalin arziki na Vietnam da Cuba. Ko da yake an haramta jima'i tsaka nin mutane iri ɗaya a Czechoslovakia a cikin 1962, an ci gaba da daure mutane a kurkuku saboda kasancebl warsu gaya fili .   Saboda aikin ya nuna rashin son jima'i da na muta ne a T-Club, ba a nuna ta ba   sai 2008  kuma an buga shi a cikin 2019 a matsayin *Evokativ.* Sean O'Hagan, rubuce-rubuce a cikin *The Guardian ,* ta bayyana aikin a matsayin tana da "hanyoyi masu banƙyama, ƙaddamar da rayuwar da ba ta dace ba a cikin wani lokaci na danniya na siyasa" [.&nbsp;.&nbsp;.] "hotu nan da ba su da hankali ga damuwa na yau da kullum, amma duk da haka suna ɗaukar lokaci da milieu ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba." 

## Labarai

### Publications daga Jarcovjáková

* *Černé Roky: 1971-1987* = Shekarar Baƙar fata: 1971-1987. Prague: Nakladatelstvi Wo-men, 2016.  . Hotuna, haruffa da shigarwar mujallu. A cikin Turanci da Czech. Ya ƙunshi ɗan littafi mai suna *The Black Years/Sigar gwaji na Ingilishi,* a cikin Turanci.
* *Evokativ.* Prague: Untitle, 2019. ISBN&nbsp; . Tare da rubutun Jarcovjáková da Lucie Černá. Buga na kwafi 1000.

### An haɗa wallafe-wallafe tare da wasu

* *Shekaru 60+.* Prague: Nakladatelstvi Wo-men, 2018. Rubutun Pavla Frýdlová da hotuna na Jarcovjáková. ISBN&nbsp; . 

## nune-nunen

* *Anamnesis / Tunawa,* Galerie 1. Patro (Gallery 1st Floor), Prague, 2012 
* *T-Club,* cafe Langhans, Prague, 2019  
* *Evokativ,* , Rencontres d'Arles, Arles, Faransa, 2019   

## Kyauta

* Mai daukar hoto na Shekara, Ƙungiyar Ƙwara rrun Masu daukar hoto na Jamhuriyar Czech 

## Magana
Aldino Herdianto ne adam wata

**Aldino Herdianto** (an haife shi a ranar  1 Nuwamba shekarar  1988 a Binjai, Indonesiya ) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Indonesiya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba a kulob ɗin La Liga 3 na Serpong City . 

## Aikin kulob

### PSMS Medan
A cikin shekarar 2015, Aldino ya shiga PSMS Medan a cikin shekarar 2015 Piala Kemerdekaan, A wasa da Persinga Ngawi, ya zura kwallo a minti na 61. Maki 1-1 don PSMS Medan . Lokacin da aka yi rauni a karo na biyu, Legimin Raharjo ya ci wa PSMS Medan, 2-1 don PSMS. Da wannan sakamakon, PSMS ta zama zakara a Piala Kemerdekaan 

### PS TNI
Aldino ya shekarar fara buga wasansa da Madura United FC a makon farko na 2016 Indonesiya Soccer Championship A duk da cewa ya maye gurbinsa.

### Mitra Kukar
A cikin shekarar 2017, Aldino ya shiga Mitra Kukar tare da abokin wasansa, Wiganda Pradika . Ya buga wasansa na farko a ranar 15 ga watan Afrilu shekarar 2017 a karawar da suka yi da Barito Putera . A ranar 1 ga watan Yuni shekarar 2018, Aldino ya zira kwallonsa ta farko ga Mitra Kukar da Perseru Serui a minti na 51 a filin wasa na Aji Imbut, Tenggarong . 

### PSMS Medan
A cikin shekarar 2019, Aldino ya rattaba hannu kan kwangila tare da kulob din Indonesiya Liga 2 PSMS Medan . 

### Bali United
An sanya hannu kan Bali United don buga gasar La Liga 1 a tsakiyar kakar shekarar  2019. Aldino ya fara haskawa a ranar 18 ga Oktoba shekarar 2019 a karawar da suka yi da Borneo . A ranar 16 ga Disamba shekarar 2019, Aldino ya ci kwallonsa ta farko a Bali United da Arema a minti na 14 a filin wasa na Kanjuruhan, Malang . 

### Badak Lampung
A cikin shekarar 2020, Aldino ya rattaba hannu kan kwangila tare da kulob din Indonesiya Liga 2 Badak Lampung . An dakatar da wannan kakar a ranar 27 ga watan Maris shekarar 2020 saboda cutar ta COVID-19 . An yi watsi da kakar kuma an ayyana ba komai a ranar 20 ga watan Janairu shekarar 2021. 

### Maniyyi Padang
A cikin shekarar 2021, Aldino ya rattaba hannu kan kwangila tare da kulob din Indonesiya Liga 2 Semen Padang . Ya fara wasansa na farko a gasar a ranar 6 ga watan Oktoba da PSPS Riau a filin wasa na Gelora Sriwijaya, Palembang . 

## Klub din karramawa
**PSMS Medan**

* Piala Kemerdekaan: 2015

**Bali United**

* Laliga 1 : 2019 

**Birnin Serpong**

* Laliga 3 : 2022 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*
Ibrahim Haruna AK

**Ibrahim Haruna Abdulkarim** wanda aka fi sani da Ibrahim Haruna AK malamin jami'a ne ta Jami'ar Taraya dake Dutsinma. An haifi Ibrahim Haruna AK a watan Nuwamba 28, shekara ta 1988 a garin Katsina dake Arewa Maso yammacin Najeriya.
## Karatu

**Ibrahim Haruna Abdulkarim** yayi karatun firamare da sakandare a makarantun Gwamnati dake jihar Katsina. A shekarar 2010 ne ya kammala Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic inda ya karanci Business Administration. Bayan ya kammala a shekarar 2011 ya shiga Jami'ar Umaru Musa Yar'adua inda ya karanci Economics. Ya kammala karatun gaba da Degree wato Masters Degree a 
Jami'ar Taraya dake Dutsinma. 

## Aiki da Gogewa
Mal. Ibrahim yayi ayyuka da dama musamman wadanda suka shafi harkar ilimi. Ya fara koyarwa a Makarantar Firamare ta Godiya College Katsina, sannan ya koyar a Makarantar Ilimi ta Amana Community dake cikin Birnin Katsina. Bayan nan kuma yanzu yana koyarwa a Jami'ar Taraya dake Dutsinma.

## Manazarta
Arsa Ahmad

**Arsa Ramadan Ahmad** (an haife shi a ranar 31 ga watan  Oktoba shekarar 2003), ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Indonesiya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba ga ƙungiyar Bhayangkara ta Liga 1.

## Aikin kulob

### Bhayangkara Presisi Indonesia
Wani samfurin makarantar matasa na Bhayangkara, Arsa ya fara buga gasar La Liga 1 tare da Bhayangkara Presisi Indonesia a wasan da suka tashi 0-0 da Madura United a ranar 25 ga Agusta 2023.  A ranar 15 ga watan  Satumba, shekarar 2023, Arsa ya ci wa kungiyar kwallonsa ta farko a gasar, inda ya bude zira kwallo a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Dewa United.

## Ayyukan kasa da kasa
A cikin watan Satumba shekarar 2022, an kira Arsa zuwa Indonesia U20 don cibiyar horarwa a shirye-shiryen 2023 AFC U-20 cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Asiya .  Arsa ya fara buga wasansa na farko a duniya a ranar 16 ga watan Satumba shekarar 2022 a wasan neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Asiya ta AFC U-20 da Hong Kong U20 a Gelora Bung Tomo Stadium, Surabaya.

## Kididdigar sana'a

### Kulob

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* 
* Arsa Ahmad at WorldFootball.net
* Arsa Ahmad  at Liga Indonesia
Rizwan Manji

**Rizwan Manji** (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Oktoba, 1974) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Kanada. An fi saninsa da hotunan Ray Butani a kan Schitt's Creek, Tick Pickwick a kan The Magicians, Rajiv Gidwani a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen NBC Universal TV Outsourced, da Jamil a cikin jerin talabijin na DC Extended Universe (DCEU) Peacemaker (2022-yanzu). 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Manji ne a Toronto, Ontario, ga iyayen Indiya da suka yi hijira daga Tanzania. Iyalinsa Ismaili-Musulmi ne na asalin Indiyawan Gujarati,  kuma ya ce addininsa yana da matukar muhimmanci a gare shi.  Lokacin da Manji ke cikin aji na farko, shi da iyalinsa suka koma Calgary, Alberta, inda ya girma. Ya kammala karatu daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Crescent Heights . 

Manji suna son ya je jami'a don samun digiri, amma yana so ya zama ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. Ya halarci Jami'ar Alberta, inda 'yar'uwarsa Rishma ta shiga. Ɗaya daga cikin aji da ya ji daɗi a can shine wasan kwaikwayo. A shekara ta 1992 Manji ya shiga makarantar American Musical and Dramatic Academy a Birnin New York.

## Ayyuka
farkon shekarun aikin Manji, ya taka kananan rawa a fina-finai daban-daban da shirye-shiryen talabijin, tare da rawar da ake yi a Privileged, Better Off Ted da *24*.

 zuwa 2011, Manji ya buga Rajiv Gidwani a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na NBC Outsourced . Da farko ya yi sauraro don rawar Gupta;  Parvesh Cheena ya sami bangare, amma masu gabatarwa sun jefa Manji a matsayin mataimakin manajan Rajiv. 

Manji  buga Ray Butani a wasan kwaikwayo na CBC Schitt's Creek daga 2015 zuwa 2020, wanda aka zaba shi don Kyautar Fim ta Kanada.

Ya kuma bayyana a cikin yanayi 2-5 na The Magicians, jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na fantasy a kan SyFy.

A cikin 2019, ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na NBC Perfect Harmony a matsayin Reverend Jax, mai wa'azi a ƙasashen waje wanda ke gudanar da coci. An soke wasan kwaikwayon, wanda ya fito da Bradley Whitford, bayan kakar wasa daya.

Kuma bayyana a cikin tallan GEICO a matsayin abokin ciniki a cikin hanyar biyan kuɗi wanda ya lashe "auction," ] kuma a cikin tallace-tallace don Kmart, LendingTree, National Car Rental, The UPS Store, da Beyond Meat.

Manji tana  haɗin gwiwar kwasfan fayiloli mai taken The Brighter Side of News.

## Rubuce-rubuce

## Manazarta
Jam Sebastian

**Jam Vhille Fernando Sebastian**  (20 ga watan Maris 1986 - 4 Maris 2015), Wanda aka fi sani da **Jam Sebastian**, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Filipino kuma ɗan intanet. An san shi da kasancewa a cikin Ƙungiyar soyayya tare da Michelle Liggayu, wanda ya kasance budurwarsa a rayuwa ta ainihi tare da su biyu da aka sani da **JaMich**. Ya sami karbuwa mai mahimmanci a Philippines a matsayin mai amfani da yanar gizo.

## Tarihin rayuwa
haifi Jam Sebastian da karfe 7:37 na yamma a ranar Alhamis, 20 ga Maris 1986 a Babban Asibitin kasar Sin da Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya kuma shi ne ɗan na biyu na Vilmo Flores Sebastian (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga Agusta 1961, Manila" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word;" title="Santa Cruz, Manila">Santa Cruz, Manila)  da Maria Carmen "Maricar" G. Fernando . [1] Babban ɗan'uwansa Yexel mai tara kayan wasa ne wanda ke da gidajen tarihi guda uku a Philippines.

## JaMich
JaMich, Sebastian ya bayyana dangantakarsa da Paolinne Michelle Liggayu a matsayin soyayya ta kare. Sebastian ya kuma tabbatar a lokacin wata hira da StarStudio Magazine cewa sun kasance ma'aurata tun shekara ta 2008.

Zama ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun Ƙungiyoyin soyayya na YouTube a cikin 2011. By Chance shine bidiyon *Da Sa'a* ɗora na farko wanda ya sami ra'ayoyi sama da miliyan bakwai tare da masu biyan kuɗi 543,163. Duo sun shiga Twitter a watan Yunin 2011 kuma tun daga lokacin sun sami mabiya sama da miliyan daya. Bayan shekaru shida, an sanar da aikin JaMich. Liggayu ne ya ba da shawarar ga Sebastian a Cibiyar Taron Kasa da Kasa ta Philippines a ranar 11 ga Mayu 2014. 

## Rashin lafiya da mutuwa
watan Janairun 2014, an gano Sebastian da Ciwon daji na huhu na mataki na 4. Ya mutu a ranar 4 ga Maris 2015, kwanaki goma sha shida kafin ranar haihuwarsa ta 29. An binne Jam a filin tunawa da Manila - Sucat Parañaque .

## Manazarta
Kenya School of Law

**Makarantar Shari'a ta Kenya** (KSL) ita ce kawai makarantar lauya a Kenya. Bayan kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin shari'a daga wata jami'a da aka sani, ɗalibai sun halarci Makarantar Shari'a ta Kenya don shirya don shiga cikin Kotun Kenya.

## Tarihi
An kafa Makarantar Shari'a ta Kenya a matsayin makarantar horar da sana'o'i ta shari'a don horar da lauyoyi a 1963. Gerald Davis da James Cohen ne suka kirkireshi,  dukansu biyu sun yi aiki a matsayin lauyoyi a karkashin kulawar Ubangiji Mai Shari'a Denning . A karkashin jagorancin Davis da Cohen, jami'ar ta bunƙasa tare da ɗalibai da yawa da suka zama fitattun alƙalai a duka Ingila da Kanada. Koyaya, kafa Faculty of Law a Jami'o'in Gabashin Afirka ya haifar da buƙatar canza horarwar da aka bayar a Makarantar Shari'a ta Kenya.

## Shirye-shiryen
sake kafa Makarantar Shari'a ta Kenya kamar yadda a cikin 1995 don samar da Shirin Horar da lauyoyi wanda ya mayar da hankali kan shirye-shiryen matasa lauyoyi don shiga cikin aikin lauya. A shekara ta 2005, wata kungiya ta ma'aikatar kan Ci gaban Manufofin da Tsarin Shari'a don Ilimi na Shari'a a Kenya ta fadada aikin Makarantar Shari'a ta Kenya don haɗawa da waɗannan: Horar da Lauyoyi, Ci gaba da Ci gaban Shari'a na Kwararru, Horar da Shari'a, samar da Horar da Kwararru na Kwararre a Ayyukan Jama'a, Gudanar da Ayyuka da Bincike. Dokar Ilimi ta Shari'a ita ce tushen horar da shari'a a Kenya.

### Shirin Horar da Masu Ba da Shawara
darasi  na watanni goma sha takwas, tare da watanni goma sha biyu na azuzuwan da watanni shida na ɗalibai. Darussan sun hada da shari'ar farar hula, shari'ar aikata laifuka, tabbatarwa da gudanarwa, rubuce-rubucen shari'a da rubuce-daban, gabatar da shari'a, ka'idojin sana'a da aiki, gudanar da aikin shari'a. Ana koyar da darasi ta hanyar asibiti, inda ake tattauna tambayoyin matsala a cikin kwaikwayon, wasan kwaikwayo, tarurruka da kotuna masu laushi.

## KSL Thola Glass FC
Shari'a ta Kenya tana tallafawa Makarantar Shariʼa ta Kenya **Thola** Glass Football Club, wanda aka fi sani da KSL Thola Glass ko kuma kawai Thola Glass, wanda ke fafatawa a FKF Division One, matakin na biyu a cikin Tsarin gasar kwallon kafa ta Kenya.

## Shahararrun ɗalibai

* Iddah Asin, lauya da kuma Johnson & Johnson zartarwa 
* Robert Gichimu Githinji, memba na majalisar
* Doreen Majala, lauya kuma mai ba da labarai daga Mombasa 

## Rubuce-rubuce
Susan Blanchard (socialite)

**Susan Blanchard** (née Jacobson; an haife ta a ranar 8 ga watan Maris, 1928) 'yar asalin Amurka ce kuma tsohuwar marubuciya kuma mai shirya wasan kwaikwayo. Ita ce 'yar Oscar Hammerstein II, matar ta uku ta ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Henry Fonda, tare da ita ta ɗauki 'yar, Amy Fishman (an haife ta a shekara ta 1953), kuma matar ta biyu ta ɗan wasan kwaikwayon Richard Widmark .

## Tarihi
ƙarami Dorothy Kiaora Blanchard, 'yar asalin Ostiraliya, da Henry Jacobson, ɗan kasuwa na New York, Susan Jacobson ta ɗauki sunan mahaifiyarta bayan kisan iyayenta kuma an san ta da Susan Blanchard daga baya. Ta yi karatu a Makarantar Shipley da ke Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania . 

## Rayuwa ta mutum
yi aure sau hudu, auren uku na farko sun ƙare da saki. Aure na farko ya kasance ga ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Henry Fonda a ranar 27 ga Disamba, 1950, kuma ya kasance har sai an sake su a watan Mayu 1956. Peter Fonda ya gaya wa Daily Express a cikin 2014, "Muna zaune a Roma kuma ta sauka don karin kumallo ta gaya mana. Na yi baƙin ciki kuma ta yi kuka ta ce, 'Ina ƙarami, ina so in yi rawa kuma in faɗi ba'a. Kuma na san ainihin abin da take nufi. " [1] Aure na biyu shi ne ga wani ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, Michael Wager, a cikin 1962, tare da shi tana da ɗa. Aure na huɗu ya kasance a cikin 1999 ga ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da furodusa Richard Widmark, wanda ta kasance da aure har zuwa mutuwarsa a ranar 24 ga Maris, 2008. 

## Rubuce-rubuce

## Manazarta
Dorothy Hammerstein

**Dorothy Marian Kiaora Blanchard** (haihuwa 7 Yuni 1899 - 3 Agusta 1987) ta kasance Mai tsara ciki da kayan ado na Amurka. Ita ce matar ta biyu ta marubucin mawaƙa Oscar Hammerstein II .

## Rayuwa ta farko
haifi Dorothy Marian Kiaora Blanchard ga Henry James Blanchard (1862-1931), wanda aka haifa a New Zealand masanin jirgin ruwa (sunan tsakiya na biyu na Dorothy Kiaora gaisuwa ce ta gargajiya a cikin Harshen Māori na New Zealand). Mahaifiyarta Marion (née Parmenter; 1867-1946), an haife ta ne a Scotland . Akwai wasu 'ya'ya mata hudu daga auren. Henry Blanchard ya zama matukin jirgi a Port Phillip Bay na Melbourne, kuma sun zauna a yankin Williamstown, a cikin babban gida da ake kira Mandalay.

ranar 1 ga Yulin 1916, yana da shekaru 17, Blanchard ya auri Lieutenant (daga baya Kyaftin) William Thomas Meikle (an haife shi Adelaide, Kudancin Australia 14 ga Afrilu 1886), wani Jami'in Sojojin Australiya da aka dawo daga Gallipoli bayan rashin lafiya. Daga baya ya koma yaƙi a cikin A.I.F. a Faransa. Meikle ya kasance a cikin AIF, yana gudanar da kaburbura a Faransa da Belgium har zuwa 1921, ya yi murabus don shiga Hukumar Kabari ta Imperial inda ya kasance mai kula har zuwa 1926. Blanchard ya shigar da takardar saki daga Meikle a watan Agustan 1922, yana zargin barin.

Blanchard ya bar Melbourne zuwa London a ranar 22 ga watan Agusta 1922 don neman aikin wasan kwaikwayo. Ba tare da samun nasara a can ba, ta tafi New York, inda ta shiga aikin André Charlot na London Revue na 1924, wani kiɗa na Turanci wanda Beatrice Lillie da Gertrude Lawrence suka fito. Ta zagaya Amurka da Kanada na shekara guda a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Lillie.

A shekara ta 1925, Blanchard ta auri Henry Jacobson, ɗan kasuwa na New York, tare da wanda ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu, Henry Jacobson da Susan Blanchard, waɗanda daga baya za su auri 'yan wasan kwaikwayo Henry Fonda, Michael Wager, da Richard Widmark. Yayinda yake har yanzu yana da aure ga Jacobson, duk da cewa ba shi da farin ciki, Dorothy ta sadu da Oscar Hammerstein II, wanda aurensa ma bai yi farin ciki ba. Sun fada cikin soyayya, kuma sun saki matansu don yin aure a 1929. Oscar kuma yana da 'ya'ya biyu daga aurensa na farko: William Hammerstein da Alice Mathias . Aure da ya yi da Dorothy ya kasance har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekarar 1960. Sun haifi ɗa tare, James Hammerstein .

## Ayyukan sana'a
Tsakanin shekarun 1930 da 1950 Hammerstein ta gudanar da Dorothy Hammerstein Inc, babban kasuwancin ƙirar ciki, tare da abokan ciniki a bakin tekun Amurka.

shekara ta 1949, tare da mijinta da marubuta Pearl S. Buck da James A. Michener, Hammerstein ta kasance mai kafa Welcome House, ƙungiyar da ke sauƙaƙa tallafin yara na iyayen Amurka da Asiya.

## Rayuwa ta baya
Hammerstein ta kasance mai aiki sosai tare da Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Harlem daga farkonsa a shekarar 1969 har zuwa mutuwarta, a matsayin memba na kwamitin da kuma memba na kwaminisanci na kasa.

Hammerstein mutu a cikin barcinta a ranar 3 ga watan Agusta 1987. 'Ya'yanta uku ne suka mutu, 'ya'ya biyu, jikoki goma da jikoki biyar.

## Manazarta
Mount Bischoff

**Bischoff dutse** ne kuma tsohon ma'adinin ƙarfe a yankin Tasmaniaarewa maso yamma Tasmania, Ostiraliya. Dutsen yana kusa da Savage River National Park kusa da garin Waratah.

## Wurin da siffofi
gano Tin a Dutsen Bischoff a cikin shekarar 1871 ta hanyar James "Filosopher" Smith. An sanya sunan dutsen a farkon karni na sha tara bayan Shugaban Kamfanin Van Diemen's Land Company James Bischoff .

Mine na tin
'adinai na Dutsen Bischoff Tin ya yi aiki da nasara da farko, ta amfani da sluicing tare da ruwa daga saman faduwar ruwa a Waratah. A watan Yunin shekarar 1883, ma'adinin ya shigar da ɗaya daga cikin janareto na farko na hydro-electric a Ostiraliya kuma ya yi amfani da shi don haskaka ofisoshin, bita da gidan manajan. An cire ma'adinai masu sauƙi a shekara ta 1893 lokacin da aka dakatar da Rufewa. Mining ya ci gaba da budewa a fuskar dutsen, da kuma ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Manajan ma'adinai daga shekarar 1907 zuwa 1919 shi ne John Dunlop Millen; an "ba da shi tare da sabunta kayan aikin ma'adinin kuma duk waɗanda ke da alaƙa da ayyukan ma'adinan sun ɗauke shi a matsayin mai sarrafawa mai inganci". An rufe ma'adinin ƙarƙashin ƙasa a shekara ta 1914, to amma ma'adinan ƙasa sun ci gaba da ɗan lokaci kafin ya daina bayan farashin tin ya ragu a shekarar 1929. Gwamnatin Commonwealth ta sake buɗe ma'adinin a 1942 don tallafawa yunkurin yaki, amma a ƙarshe an rufe shi a shekarar 1947.  An haɗa ma'adinin zuwa Emu Bay Railway ta reshen Waratah na wannan hanyar jirgin kasa wanda aka gudanar daga Guildford Junction zuwa Waratah tsakanin 1900 da tsakiyar 1940.

Farfadowa a shekarun 2000
Bayan ƙananan ƙoƙari yawa, a cikin shekarar 2008 Metals X Limited, kamfanin hakar ma'adinai na Perth, ta hanyar reshensa na Bluestone Mines Tasmania Pty Ltd, mai gudanar da Renison Bell, ɗaya daga cikin manyan ma'adanai a duniya a yau, ya yanke shawarar hakar ragowar ma'adinin a Dutsen Bischoff don haɗuwa da ma'adarin a aikin Renison Bell. An kirkiro babban aikin budewa wanda ke ɗaukar duk tsoffin ayyukan tarihi a Dutsen Bischoff don wannan dalili tare da jigilar ma'adinai kilomita 80 (50 mi) zuwa masana'antar sarrafa Renison Bell. A lokacin an kiyasta ajiyar ma'adinai a Dutsen Bischoff ya zama tan 845,000 (ton 832,000 mai tsawo) wanda ya kai kashi 1.20 cikin dari. A cikin 2009/10 an haƙa ton 198,000 (195,000 tsawo ton) na ma'adinai a Dutsen Bischoff bude rami wanda ya samar da ton 6,267 (6,168 tsawo tonnes) na tin a cikin concentrated. Ginin da aka bude a Dutsen Bischoff a halin yanzu yana cikin kulawa da kulawa. Bluestone Mines Tasmania Pty Ltd tana ci gaba da shirin bincikenta a Dutsen Bischoff . 

## Rubuce-rubuce
William King-Noel, 1st Earl of Lovelace

**William King-Noel, 1st Earl of Lovelace, FRS** (21 Fabrairu 1805 - 29 Disamba 1893), mai suna Honourable William King har zuwa 1833 kuma Ubangiji King daga 1833 zuwa 1838, ya kasance masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Ingila. Shi ne mijin 'yar Lord Byron Ada, a yau ana tunawa da shi a matsayin masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta.

## Rayuwa ta farko
Lovelace shi ne ɗan fari na Peter King, 7th Baron King, da matarsa, Lady Hester Fortescue, jikokin George Grenville. Dan siyasa mai suna Hon. Peter John Locke King shi ne ƙaramin ɗan'uwansa.

yi karatu a Eton da Trinity, ya shiga aikin diflomasiyya kuma ya zama sakataren Ubangiji Nugent . Ya yi nasara a cikin baroni a 1833 lokacin da mahaifinsa ya mutu. Ya yi aikin gine-gine a cikin gidajensa.

## Aure na farko
Ada Lovelace, painted portrait circa 1836
Hoton Lady Lovelace na mai zane na Burtaniya Margaret Sarah Carpenter (1836)

William King-Noel a kusa da 1860
cikin 1835, Ubangiji Sarki (kamar yadda yake a lokacin) ya yi aure a matsayin matarsa ta farko Hon. Ada Byron, 'yar mawaki, Ubangiji Byron, da matarsa, Baroness Wentworth na 11. A shekara ta 1838 an kirkiro shi Viscount Ockham da Earl na Lovelace a shekara ta 1838, kuma an nada shi Lord-Lieutenant na Surrey a shekara ta 1840, mukamin da ya rike har zuwa mutuwarsa. An zaɓi taken Lovelace don nuna gaskiyar cewa Ada ta kasance, ta hanyar iyalan Byron, Milbanke, Noel da Lovelace, zuriyar Barons Lovelace. Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya uku: Byron, Viscount Ockham (an haife shi a 1836); Annabella (an haifi shi a 1837) da Ralph (an haifu shi a 1839). Lady Lovelace ta mutu a shekara ta 1852, ta bar mijinta, a cikin shekaru arba'in, gwauruwa.

A cikin 1860, ɗan fari na Earl, Byron, Viscount Ockham, ya gaji kakarsa ta mahaifiyarsa ya zama Baron Wentworth na 12 bisa ga ragowar ta musamman. Koyaya, ya mutu, har yanzu bai yi aure ba, bayan shekaru biyu kawai, kuma ɗan'uwansa Ralph ya zama Baron Wentworth na 13. A shekara ta 1861, Ralph ya ɗauki sunan mahaifiyar Milbanke ta hanyar lasisin sarauta maimakon Noel.

## Matsayi na girmamawa
nada Lord Lovelace a matsayin Colonel na 2nd Royal Surrey Militia a Kanal 14 ga watan Agusta 1852. Ya yi murabus daga wannan umurnin a ranar 11 ga Afrilu 1870, lokacin da aka nada shi Kwamandan girmamawa na rundunar (wanda ya zama 3rd Battalion, Sarauniya (Royal West Surrey Regiment) , matsayin da ya rike har zuwa mutuwarsa. Ta hanyar lasisin sarauta, a cikin 1860 ya ɗauki ƙarin sunan mahaifi da makamai na Noel, da kuma makamai na Wentworth.

## Aure na biyu
A shekara ta 1865 ya sake yin aure, ga gwauruwa Jane Crawford Jenkins . Suna da ɗa ɗaya, Lionel (1865-1929), wanda zai yi nasara a matsayin 3rd Earl of Lovelace a cikin 1906.

Abubuwan da aka mallaka
Ubangiji Lovelace yana da gidaje uku: Ockham Park, Surrey; Ben Damph Estate a Loch Torridon a Ross-shire; da kuma gida a London.

## Rubuce-rubuce

## Manazarta
Ayam Cemani

**Ayam Cemani** wani nau'in kaji ne daga Indonesia. Suna da rinjaye mai mahimmanci wanda ke haifar da hyperpigmentation.  (fibromelanosis), yin kajin mafi yawan baki, ciki har da gashin tsuntsaye, baki, da gaɓoɓin ciki. Cemani sanannen zakara ne a garin Bali saboda cinyoyinsu suna da tsoka sosai idan aka kwatanta da sauran kaji, wanda hakan ke sa suyi saurin sauri.

## Etymology
 tana nufin "kaji" a Indonesiancemani kuma a asalin kalmar Sanskrittana nufin Baƙi har zuwa ƙashi .

## Asalin
A matsayin tsantsar nau'in Indonesiya, nau'in ya samo asali ne daga tsibirin Java, Indonesia, kuma ana iya amfani da shi tun ƙarni na 12 don dalilai na addini da na sufi.

Turawan mulkin mallaka na Holland ne suka bayyana irin wannan nau'in kuma sun fara shigo da shi zuwa Turai a cikin 1998 ta hannun ɗan Holland Jan Steverink.. A halin yanzu, ana adana wannan nau'in kaza a cikin Netherlands, Belgium, Jamus, Slovakia, Sweden, Italiya da Jamhuriyar Czech. Mai yiwuwa ma'aikatan jirgin ruwan Holland ne suka kawo Ayam Cemani zuwa Turai.

Mai bada agaji na Kongo-Belgium Jean Kiala-Inkisi yana riƙe da tarin mafi girma a Afirka tare da nau'ikan kiwo 250. Ana adana waɗannan a cikin shirin kiwo na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Afirka (AOBA) a Kenya da Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo.

## Bayani
Bakinsu da harsunansu da tsefe-tsafensu da gyambonsu baƙar fata ne, har namansu da ƙashinsu da gabobinsu baki ne ko launin toka. Jininsu kala-kala ne. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;  Baƙin launin tsuntsaye yana faruwa ne sakamakon wuce gona da iri na ƙyallen jikin, wanda ya haifar da yanayin ƙwayoyin halitta da aka sani da fibromelanosis. Hakanan ana samun Fibromelanosis a cikin wasu nau'ikan kaji masu launin baki ko shuɗi, irin su Silkie.

Zakara sun yi nauyin 2–2.5 kg (4.4-5.5 lb) da kaji 1.5–2 kg (3.3-4.4 lb) ku. Kaji na kwanciya ƙwai masu launi ko kirim, duk da cewa ba su da kyau kuma ba sa ƙyanƙyashe nasu. Matsakaicin ƙwai ya kai 45 g (1.6 oz) ku.

## Duba kuma

* Melanism

## Manazarta
Frank Sinclair

**Frank Mohammed Sinclair** (an haife shi 3 Disamba 1971) ɗan ƙasar Jamaica ne tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa kuma koci ne  a ƙungiyar EFL League Two doncaster Rovers 

Ya buga wasanni 756 na gasar lig da kofin a cikin shekaru 25 yana taka leda, inda ya zura kwallaye 27. mai tsaron bayan  ya fara aikinsa a Chelsea, ya zama ƙwararren a watan Mayu 1990 sannan ya fara halarta a gasar kwallon kafa  a watan Afrilu 1991. Ya buga wasan aro  a west bromwich Albion tsakanin Disamba 1991 da Maris 1992. Ya kafa kansa a cikin kungiyar farko a baya a Chelsea a lokacin kamfen Premier League na 1992–93 kuma an ci gaba da ba shi suna a matsayin Gwarzon dan wasan kungiyar na 1993. Ya taka leda a bangaren rashin nasara a gasar cin kofin FA na 1994, kafin ya samu lambar yabo bayan da Chelsea ta doke Middlesbrough da ci 2-0 a wasan karshe na 1997 . Chelsea ta kuma lashe gasar  League cup  ta hanyar doke Middlesbrough da ci 2-0 a wasan karshe a shekara mai zuwa, kuma Sinclair ya zura kwallon farko a cikin karin lokaci . Ita ma Chelsea ta lashe gasar cin kofin UEFA Cup  a shekarar 1998, kodayake Sinclair bai buga wasan ba saboda rauni. 

## Manazarta
Auren gargajiya a al'adun Hausawa

Yawancin mutanen Najeriya Hausawa ne. Yawancin  Musulmi ne, amma wasu Kristane. Suna magana da yaren Hausa, kodayake kabilun daban-daban suna magana da yare daban-daban. Aure  gargajiya na Hausa ba shi da tsada kamar sauran nau'ikan aure a Najeriya. Auren  gargajiya na Hausa ya dogara ne akan dokar Islama ko Sharia.

A cikin wannan al'ada, wani mutum yana neman izinin iyayensa lokacin da ya sami mace da yake da niyyar aure. Bayan iyaye sun ba da yardarsu, sauran bukukuwan aure sun bi su. Wadannan matakai sun hada da Na Gani Ina so don haka, Sadaki, bikin aure ko Daura Aure / Shafa Fatiha, da Kai Amariya.

## Na Gani Ina ao
A cikin harshen Hausa, wannan yana nufin "Na same kuma ina son shi". Wannan mataki ne lokacin da mutumin tare da danginsa suka je gidan matar don sanar da iyayenta niyyar su. Suna ɗauke  wasu abubuwa kamar Kolanuts, jaka na gishiri, kayan zaki da cakulan. Idan iyayen amarya sun yarda da waɗannan abubuwa, wannan yana nufin sun amince da ba da hannun 'yarsu a aure ga dangin ango. Yanzu an bar shi ga dangin amarya su sadarwa ga dangin ango game da amincewarsu game da auren.  tsari ana kiransa "Gaisuwa". Kafin wannan za su iya yin bincike game da mutumin da ke neman auren 'yarsu don tabbatar da halin kirki, addini, da imani na zamantakewa, da kuma sanin asalin iyalinsa. Ba a yarda amarya da ango su kasance su yi hulɗa ta jiki har sai sun yi aure yadda ya kamata. Bayan wannan tsari ma'auratan sun yi alkawari kuma iyalai biyu sun fara aiki don bikin aure da kuma saitin kwanan wata.  gyara ranar bikin ana kiransa "Sa rana".

## Sadaki
Wannan shine matakin biyan farashin amarya ko sadaki. Yana farawa da mafi ƙarancin adadin da ake kira "Rubu Dinar" a cikin Hausa, wanda ya kai ga mafi girman adadin da ango zai iya biya. Koyarwar Islama tana koyar  cewa karamin sadaki da aka biya yana haifar da aure mai albarka. Ana sanar da kuɗin da ake biya a matsayin farashin amarya ga masu sauraron kowa da kowa. Farashin amarya na iya zama kuɗin da aka biya a tsabar kudi ko a cikin kashi ko kuma yana iya zama aiki ga Mace. Amma ga wanda ya sake aure ko gwauruwa, sai ta yanke shawarar farashin amarya.

## Lefe
Lefe yana nufin abubuwan da ango ya saya don gada.

## Fatiha na bikin aure

Ana kiran ranar bikin auren Fatiha.  a sa ran za a ga mata a bikin auren Fatiha maimakon haka za su kasance tare da amarya suna murna da ranar ƙarshe a matsayin marasa aure kuma suna shirya ta don rayuwar aure. amarya ta zauna a tsakiyar abokanta mata, ta huta kuma ta zana yatsunsu da ƙafafunta masu kyau tare da henna, kuma abokanta ma sun zana nasu.  kiran amarya a cikin Hausa "Amarya" yayin da ake kiran ango "Ango". 

bikin auren, ana ba da abinci da abin sha ga baƙi.  cikin al'adar Hausa, wajibi ne ga mijin ya yi hayar gidan da babu kowa yayin da alhakin samar da shi alhakin dangin amarya ne.

## Kai Amarya
Bayan bikin auren, ana tare da amarya zuwa gidan mijinta don a maraba da ita sosai daga dangin ango. Sun rera waƙoƙi a kan hanyarsu kuma suna ɗauke da duk kayan amarya tare da su.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Gahga
Nafi' al-Madani

**Abu Ruwaym Abd ar-Rahman Ibn Abi al-Laythi** ()(70-169AH),wanda aka fi sani da Nafi  al-Madani, ya kasance daya daga cikin masu watsa Qira’at guda bakwai,[1] ko hanyoyin karatun Alkur’ani[2]. A wajen kasar Masar, tsarin karatun kur’ani da yake yi shi ne mafi shahara a nahiyar Afirka gaba daya,[3] kuma isnadinsa na komawa ga sahabban manzon Allah Muhammad tabbatacce ne..

An haifi Nafiʽ a shekara ta 689CE,  kuma ya mutu a shekara ta 785CE.   Iyalansa sun fito ne daga garin Isfahan, kodayake shi da kansa an haife shi a garin madina kuma ya mutu a Madina.

Hanyar karatunshi ta hanyar shahararrun ɗalibansa biyu, Qalun da Warsh, ita ce hanyar Karatun Alkur'ani mafi yawanci a Arewacin Afirka, Yammacin Afirka da Qatar. Yana da jimmillar masu watsawa huɗu na karatun sa; ban da Qalun da Warsh, ya kuma watsa karatun sa ga Isma'il bin Ja'far al-Ansari da Ishaq bin Muhammad al-Musayyabi. Hanyar karatun Nafi ta zama sananne sosai har ta ƙarshe ta rufe na malamansa a Madina.

## Dubi kuma

### Masu karatu goma da masu watsawa

* Nafi' al-Madani
** Qalun
** Warsh
* Ibn Kathir al-Makki
** Al-Bazzi
** Qunbul
* Abu 'Amr ibn al-'Ala'
** Ad-Duri
** Al-Susi
* Ibn Amir ad-Dimashqi
** Hisham
** Ibn Dhakwan
* Aasim ibn Abi al-Najud
** Shu'bah
** Hafs
* Hamzah az-Zaiyyat
** Khalaf
** Khallad
* Al-Kisa'i
** Al-Layth
** Ad-Duri
* Abu Ja'far
** 'Isa ibn Waddan
** Ibn Jummaz
* Ya'qub al-Yamani
** Ruways
** Rawh
* Khalaf
** Ishaq
** Idris

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Warshu

**Abu Sa'id Uthman Ibn Sa'id al-Qutbi**, wanda aka fi sani da **Warsh** (110-197AH), ya kasance jigo a tarihin karatun Alkur'ani (*qira'at*), hanyoyin karatun Alkur'ani. Tare da Qalun, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu watsa shirye-shiryen farko guda biyu na hanyar karanta littafin Nafi' al-Madani. Tare, salon su shine mafi yawan nau'in karatun kur'ani a cikin masallatai na Afirka da ke wajen Masar,  kuma sun shahara a Yemen  da Darfur duk da sauran Sudan suna bin hanyar Hafsi .  Hanyar Warsh da takwaransa Qalun kuma ita ce mafi shaharar hanyar karatun Al-Andalus .  Yawancin Musxafs da aka buga a yau a Arewacin Afirka da Yammacin Afirka suna bin karatun Warshu.

## Karatun Warsh
**Warsh 'an Naafi**' yana daya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin karatun Alkur'ani . Karatun Al-Qur'ani wanda aka fi sani da Larabci da Qira'at, ana gudanar da shi ne karkashin ka'idojin Ilimin Tajwidi .  Ana danganta shi ga Imam Warsh wanda shi kuma ya samu daga malaminsa Nafi'ul Madani wanda yana daya daga cikin masu watsa karatuttukan bakwai. Karatun Warsh 'an Naafi' na daya daga cikin manya-manyan hadisai biyu na tilawa. Na biyu kuma shine Hafsu 'Asim .

## Tarihi
An haifi Imam Warsh (110-197AH) Uthman Ibn Sa'id al-Qutbi a Masar. Malaminsa Naafi'u ne yake kiransa da Warsh, wani sinadarin madara ne, saboda launin fata ne.  Ya koyi karatunsa daga Naafi'u a Madina . Bayan ya kammala karatunsa ya koma kasar Masar inda ya zama babban mai karatun Alqur'ani. 

A karni na 10, malamin musulmi Ibn Mujahid ya tsara karatun Alqur'ani guda bakwai da suka hada da Warsh 'an Naafi'. Koyaya, watsawar Asim da Warsh kawai ya rage tasiri.  Karatun Warsh 'an Naafi' ya yadu a Arewacin Afirka, saboda shi ne mafificin karatun Imam Malik bn Anas, wanda mazhabar Malikiyya ta fi yawa a wannan yanki na duniya. A zamanin da, shi ne babban karatun kur'ani a Iberia na Musulunci . Wasarwar Warsh 'an Naafi' tana wakiltar al'adar karatun Madina.

## Kwatanta karatun Warsh da Hafsu
Karatun Alqur'ani na Warsh 'an Naafi' ya sha banban da Hafs 'an Asim a rubuce-rubucen rubutu . Yawancin bambance-bambance ba su shafar ma'anar. Amma duk da haka a wasu lokuta bambance-bambancen suna canza ma'anar ayar. A cikin aya ta 2:184 Hafs ya karanta ayar da cewa ya zama “... fansa [madaidaicin] ciyar da miskini...". A gefe guda kuma, Warsh yana karanta shi “... fansa [madaidaicin] ciyar da talakawa...”  Sauran bambance-bambancen da suka wuce rubutun rubutu sun haɗa da. :

Wani babban bambanci tsakanin karatun Alqur'ani da Hafsi da Warsh shi ne faxin kalmomin. Kur'ani na zamani suna da alamomin yare (wanda aka sani da Tashkil) kuma a wasu lokuta furta kalmar daban na iya nuna ma'ana daban-daban. Ga wasu misalai:

## Magana
Qalun

**Abu Musa 'Isa Ibn Mina al-Zarqi**, wanda aka fi sani da **Qalun** (120-220AH),  ya kasance wani jigo mai mahimmanci a cikin yaduwar Qira'at, ko kuma hanyoyin karatun Alqur'ani daban-daban.  Kasancewar daya daga cikin masu watsa labarai na farko na hanyar Nafi' al-Madani,    Karatun Qalun a halin yanzu shine ka'idar karatun kur'ani a masallatai a Qatar da kuma wasu sassan Libya da Tunisiya., kuma ya shahara a tsakanin 'yan Afirka ta Yamma . Hanyar Qalun da takwaransa Warsh kuma ita ce mafi shaharar hanyar karantarwa a Musulunci Spain . 

Domin kuwa kurma ne yakan gano ya gyara kurakuran dalibansa, kamar yadda ibn Abu Khatim ya fada, ta hanyar karanta labbansu; cewar Yaqut, ta hanyar kusantar bakin ɗalibin da kunnensa.  An haife shi a Madina a shekara ta 738,  kuma ya rasu a can shekara ta 835. 

## Manazarta
Shabir Gujjar

**Chaudary Shabbir Ahmad Gujjar** ( Urdu   ) ɗan siyasan Pakistan ne kuma ɗan kasuwa daga Lahore, Punjab wanda ya kasance memba a Majalisar Lardin Punjab daga Yulin shekarar 2022 har zuwa rushe Majalisar Lardin Punjab a cikin Janairun shekara ta 2023.  

## Sana'ar siyasa
An zaɓe shi a Majalisar Lardi na Punjab daga PP-167 Lahore-XXIV a matsayin ɗan takarar Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) a zaɓen fidda gwani na lardin Punjab na Yuli 2022 . Ya samu ƙuri'u 40,511 sannan ya doke Nazir Ahmad Chohan, ɗan takarar jam'iyyar Pakistan Muslim League (PML(N)).  

## Manazarta
Jerin ƙauyukan da ke babban birnin tarayyar Najeriya

Wannan jerin ƙauyuka ne acikin Babban Birnin Tarayyar Najeriya wanda ƙananan hukumomi (LGA) da gundumomin yanki suka shirya (tare da lambar akwatin gidan waya, kuma an ba dasu).

## Ta hanyar lambar gidan waya

## Ta ɓangaren zaɓe
A kwai jerin rumfunan jefa ƙuri'a da suka haɗada ƙauyuka da makarantu, waɗanda gundumomin zaɓe suka shirya anan ƙasa.

## Manazarta
Giovanni Agnelli

**Giovanni Agnelli** (13 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1866 - 16 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 1945) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan Italiya wanda ya kafa masana'antar kera motoci ta Fiat S.p.A. a shekara ta 1899.

## Rayuwa ta farko
Edoardo Agnelli (entrepreneur, born 1831) Edoardo Agnelli da Aniceta Frisetti, dangin masu mallakar ƙasa waɗanda suka girma a cikin iyalai da suka samo asali a cikin kasuwanci, kasuwanci, da yanayin kuɗi na Turin a gaban Masana'antu,  an haife shi a 1866 a Villar Perosa, wani karamin gari kusa da Pinerolo, Piedmont, har yanzu babban gida da wurin binne Iyalin Agnelli. Mahaifinsa, magajin garin Villar Perosa, ya mutu yana da shekaru 40, lokacin da yake da shekaru biyar. Ya yi karatu a Collegio San Giuseppe a Turin, sannan ya fara aikin soja. A shekara ta 1893, Agnelli ya koma Villar Perosa, inda ya bi sawun mahaifinsa kuma ya zama magajin gari a shekara ta 1895, mukamin da ya rike har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1945; jikansa, Gianni Agnelli, wanda ya kula da shi tun lokacin da dansa, Edoardo Agnelli، ya mutu a hatsarin jirgin sama a shekara ta 1935.

ƙarshen karni na 19, Agnelli ya ji game da kirkirar sabon karusar da ba ta da doki kuma nan da nan ya ga damar yin amfani da ƙwarewar injiniya da kasuwanci. A shekara ta 1898, ya sadu da Count Emanuele Cacherano di Bricherasio, wanda ke neman masu saka hannun jari don aikinsa na karusa ba tare da doki ba; Agnelli ya fahimci damar kuma an kafa Fiat a shekara ta 1899. Ya auri Clara Boselli; suna da 'ya'ya bakwai. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2000, daga Agnelli da Boselli sun zo sama da zuriya saba'in tsakanin yara, 'yan uwan, da ma'aurata.

## Ayyuka

ranar 11 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1899, Agnelli ya kasance daga cikin ƙungiyar waɗanda suka kafa Fiat_S.p.A." style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word;" title="Fiat S.p.A.">Fiat S.p.A., acronym na Fabbrica Italiana di Automobili Torino, wanda ya zama Fiat; ya biya $ 400 don rabonsa. Shekara guda bayan haka, ya kasance manajan darektan sabon kamfanin kuma ya zama shugaban a shekarar 1920. An buɗe masana'antar Fiat ta farko a cikin 1900 tare da ma'aikata 35 da ke yin motoci 24. Kamfanin an san shi tun daga farko saboda baiwa da kerawa na ma'aikatan injiniya. A shekara ta 1903, Fiat ya sami karamin riba kuma ya samar da motoci 135 da suka karu zuwa motoci 1,149 a shekara ta 1906. Kamfanin ya tafi sayar da hannun jari ta hanyar musayar hannun jari ta Milan. Agnelli ya fara sayen duk hannun jarin da zai iya karawa ga mallakarsa. A wannan lokacin, ya shawo kan abin kunya da matsalolin aiki, kamar a cikin Biennio Rosso . Ya nemi Giovanni Giolitti ya shiga tsakani ta hanyar soja don share masana'antun Fiat; Giolitti ta ki. Lokacin da tawaye ya mutu kuma tawagar ma'aikata, bayan yunkurin da ya gaza na gudanar da kansa, ya ba shi makullin masana'antun ta hanyar lalata masu dauke da makamai, bai nemi fansa ba. Ya ba da sabon kwangila ga ma'aikata tare da albashi da ke da alaƙa da yawan aiki a lokacin da tattalin arziki ya tsaya.

## Rubuce-rubuce

## Manazarta