open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Tsohuwar Alkahira

**Tsohuwar Alkahira** (Larabci: مصر القديمة, romanized: Miṣr al-Qadīma, lafazin Masar: Maṣr El-ʾAdīma) yanki ne mai tarihi a Alkahira, Masar, wanda ya hada da wurin kagara na zamanin Roman, matsugunin Kirista na 'yan Koftik Alkahira, da matsugunan musulmi-zamanin Fustatt da aka samo asali a cikin Cairo-9. Yana daga cikin abin da ake kira Tarihi Alkahira, Cibiyar Tarihi ta UNESCO.

Har ila yau, Miṣr al-Qadīma gundumar gudanarwa ce ta zamani a yankin Kudancin Alkahira, wacce ta kunshi yankin tun daga mashigin ruwa na Alkahira zuwa arewa, zuwa hanyar Ring Road a kudu, da kuma daga makabartar Khalifa zuwa gabas, zuwa gabar kogin Nilu a yamma, da tsibirin Roda, ko Manial al-Roda. Tana da mazauna 250,313 bisa ga ƙidayar 2017.

## Tarihi
Ƙarin bayani: Alkahira § Tarihi

### Roman Fort da Coptic Alkahira
Yankin da ke kusa da birnin Alkahira na yau ya daɗe ya kasance wani wuri mai mahimmanci na Tsohuwar Masar saboda dabarun wurinsa a mahadar kogin Nilu da yankunan Delta Delta, wanda kuma ya sanya shi a mashigar manyan hanyoyi tsakanin Arewacin Afirka da Levant. Memphis, babban birnin Misra a lokacin Tsohuwar Mulki kuma babban birni har zuwa lokacin Ptolemaic, yana da ɗan tazara kudu maso yamma da Alkahira ta yau.

Kusan ƙarshen karni na 4, yayin da Memphis ke raguwa da mahimmanci,  Romawa sun kafa babban sansanin soja tare da gabashin gabar kogin Nilu. Kagara, wanda ake kira Babila, an gina shi ta hanyar Sarkin Roma Diocletian (r. 285-305) a ƙofar tashar ruwa da ke haɗa kogin Nilu zuwa Bahar Maliya wanda sarki Trajan ya kirkira a baya (r. 98-115). Birnin yana da mahimmanci sosai cewa bishop Cyrus, ya halarci taron majalisa na biyu na Afisa a shekara ta 449.

Yaƙin Byzantine-Sassaniya tsakanin 602 da 628 ya haifar da wahala mai yawa kuma mai yiwuwa ya sa yawancin mazaunan birni barin ƙauye, wanda ya bar mazaunan wani yanki ba kowa. Duk da haka wurin ya kasance a tsakiyar al'ummar 'yan Koftik Orthodox, wanda ya ƙunshi Kiristocin Masar waɗanda suka rabu da majami'u na Roman da Rumawa a ƙarshen karni na 4.

### Fustat a farkon zamanin musulmi
Bayan da musulmi suka mamaye Masar a shekara ta 641 a zamanin Halifancin Rashidun, kwamandan Larabawa Amr ibn al-As ya kafa Fustat (Larabci: الفُسطاط, romanized: al-Fusṭāṭ) a arewa da kagaran Romawa, a gefen gabas na kogin Nilu. Bisa bukatar halifa Umar, an mayar da babban birnin Masar daga Iskandariya zuwa wannan sabon birni.

### Asalin Al-Askar (lokacin Abbasid)
Isar da Khalifofin Umayyawa na baya ya yi yawa, tun daga Spain ta zamani har zuwa yammacin China. Sai dai Abbasiyawa ne suka hambarar da su, inda suka mayar da babban birnin daular Musulunci zuwa Bagadaza. A kasar Masar, wannan sauyin mulki ya kunshi tafiyar da iko daga birnin Fustat kadan daga arewa zuwa wani sabon birnin Abbasiyawa mai suna al-'Askar (Larabci: مدينة العسكري, romanized: Madinatu l-'Askari, lit. 'City of Cantonments or City of Sections'). An yi niyya da farko a matsayin birni mai girma da zai iya samar da sojoji, an shimfida shi cikin tsarin grid wanda za a iya rarraba shi cikin sauƙi zuwa sassa daban-daban na ƙungiyoyi daban-daban, kamar yan kasuwa da hafsoshi.

## Manazarta
Haddy Dandeh-Jabbie

**Haddy Dandeh-Jabbie** wanda aka fi sani da Haddy Dández 'yar gwagwarmayar kare hakkin mata ce ta Gambiya, mai magana da jama'a kuma lauya wacce aka san ta da bayar da shawarwari ga kare hakkin mata da yara a Gambiya.  A halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin Shugabar Kungiyar Lauyoyi ta Mata ta Gambiya (FLAG).   

## Ayyuka
Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin shari'a daga Jami'ar Bournemouth kuma ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Shari'a a shekarar 1998 daga Jami'an Westminster a Ingila. Ta kuma sami digiri na lauya daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Saliyo .  Haddy ya kasance lauya tun shekara ta 2001 kuma an girmama shi sosai saboda kasancewa daya daga cikin lauyoyi masu nasara a Gambiya. Ta kuma yi aiki a sashen shari'a na kamfanin wayar hannu na Gambian Comium a sashen lauya da kuma na ɗan adam.

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2011, an nada ta a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban kungiyar lauyoyin mata ta Gambiya . A shekara ta 2015, ta kasance daga cikin kwamitin daraktocin kungiyar Think Young Women kuma a watan Yunin 2017 ta zama fitacciyar memba na kwamitin ActionAid wanda kungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta duniya. A watan Fabrairun 2016, an inganta ta zuwa matsayin Shugabar Kungiyar Lauyoyin Mata ta Gambiya wacce ta gaji Neneh Cham. An nada ta a matsayin mataimakiyar mai ba da shawara na Gambiya ta Babban Lauyan a watan Janairun 2020.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Southern Nigeria Regiment

**Rundunar Sojojin Kudancin Najeriya,** wata runduna ce ta Turawan Mulkin Mallaka ta Burtaniya wacce ta yi aiki a Najeriya a farkon karni na 20.

An kafa rundunar ne daga rundunar kare gaɓar tekun Neja da kuma wani ɓangare na Royal Niger Constabulary. Bataliya ta Legas ko Sojojin Hausa ta shiga cikin Regiment a watan Mayun 1906 kuma ta zama bataliya ta biyu na Rejiment. 

A ranar 1 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1914 aka haɗe runduna biyu ta Kudancin Najeriya tare da na Arewacin Najeriya inda suka zama runduna ta Najeriya kawai.

Rundunar ta ba da gudummawar yawancin sojojin Birtaniya a lokacin yakin Aro-Anglo Nuwamba 1901 zuwa watan Maris 1902.

## Ofisoshi
Wadannan suna da umurni na Regiment:

* 21 Satumba 1896 Kyaftin CHP Carter, Royal Scots (Brevet Major daga 1 ga watan Janairu 1900)
* 12 ga watan Fabrairu 1901 Brevet Laftanar-Kanar Arthur Forbes Montanaro, Royal Artillery
* Lokacin bazara 1904 zuwa bazara 1905, Major HM Trenchard (mai aiki)
* 3 ga watan Agusta 1905 Brevet Major HC Moorhouse, Royal Artillery
* Spring 1907 zuwa 1910, Laftanar Kanar HM Trenchard, Royal Scots Fusiliers
* 25 ga watan Satumba 1911 Major FH Cunliffe Middlesex Regiment

## Duba kuma

* Hugh Trenchard a Najeriya

## Manazarta
Tarihin Afirka da Amurka

Tarihin Afirka-Amurka ya fara ne tare da tilasta jigilar 'Yan Afirka zuwa Arewacin Amurka a ƙarni na 16 da 17. Mulkin mallaka na Turai na Amurka, da kuma Cinikin bayi na Atlantic, ya ƙunshi babban jigilar bayi na 'yan Afirka a fadin Atlantic. Daga cikin kimanin 'yan Afirka miliyan 10-12 da aka sayar a cinikin bayi na Atlantic, ko dai zuwa Turai ko Amurka, an tura kimanin 388,000 zuwa Arewacin Amurka. Bayan sun isa yankuna daban-daban na Turai a Arewacin Amurka, an sayar da 'yan Afirka masu bautar zuwa ga masu mulkin mallaka na Turai, da farko don yin aiki a gonakin amfanin gona. Wani rukuni na bayi na Afirka sun isa mulkin mallaka na Virginia na Ingila a cikin 1619, suna nuna farkon bautar a tarihin mulkin mallaka na Amurka; a shekara ta 1776, kusan kashi 20% na yawan mutane
 Birtaniya ta Arewacin Amurka sun fito ne daga asalin Afirka, 'yanci da bautar.
## Bauta
'Yan Afirka na Afirka su ne zuriyar' yan Afirka waɗanda aka tilasta musu yin bautar kuma aka sayar da su bayan wasu kabilun sun kama su a lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe ko hare-hare na Afirka, kuma Turawa sun kawo su Amurka a matsayin wani ɓangare na Cinikin bayi na Atlantic.[1] Manyan kabilun da 'yan Afirka suka bautar sun hada da Bakongo, Ibo, Mandinka, Wolof, Akan, Fon, Yoruba, da Makua, da sauransu da yawa.[2] Da zarar an bautar da su kuma an tura su Amurka, waɗannan mutane daban-daban suna da ƙa'idodin Turai da imani da aka tilasta musu, wanda ya sa su kawar da bambance-bambance na kabilanci kuma su ƙirƙiri sabon al'adun gama gari wanda shine kirkirar al'adunsu na asali da al'adun Turai.[3] Mutanen da suka kasance daga takamaiman kabilun Afirka sun fi neman su kuma sun zama masu rinjaye a lambobi fiye da mutanen da ke cikin wasu kabilun Afrika a wasu yankuna na ƙasar da ke yanzu Amurka.
## Manzarta
Kamfanin Saliyo

Kamfanin Saliyo shi ne kamfani da ke da hannu wajen kafa mulkin mallaka na biyu na Burtaniya a Afirka a ranar 11 ga Maris 1792 ta hanyar sake zama na Black Loyalists waɗanda da farko suka zauna a Nova Scotia (Masu zama na Nova Scotia) bayan Yaƙin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka . Kamfanin ya samo asali ne saboda aikin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi Granville Sharp, Thomas Clarkson, Henry Thornton, da ɗan'uwan Thomas John Clarkson. Kamfanin ya maye gurbin Kamfanin St. George Bay, ƙungiyar kamfanoni da aka kafa a 1790 wanda ya sake kafa garin Granville a cikin 1791 ga sauran Tsoffin Mazauna 60.
## Manazarta
Zaben gwamna na Jihar Osun na 1999

**Zaben gwamna na Jihar Osun na 1999** ya faru ne a Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Janairu, 1999. Dan takarar AD Adebisi Akande ya lashe zaben, inda ya kayar da dan takarar APP. 

AD_Akande Adebisi Akande ya fito ne a matsayin dan takarar AD.

## Tsarin zabe
Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Osun ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

## Zaben fidda gwani

### AD na farko
Adebisi Akande ne ya lashe Zaben fidda gwani na AD . 

## Sakamakon
Adadin masu jefa kuri'a a jihar ya kai 1,496,058. Adadin kuri'un da aka jefa ya kasance 547,077, yayin da adadin kuri'un inganci ya kasance 536,252. Kayan kuri'un da aka ƙi sun kasance 10,825
Cinikin bayi a Amurka

**Cinikin bayi na cikin gida a Amurka**, wanda aka fi sani da cinikin bayi na gida, Hanya ta Tsakiya ta Biyu  da cinikin bawa tsakanin yankuna,  shine cinikin kasuwanci na bayi a cikin Amurka. Ya kasance mafi mahimmanci bayan 1808, lokacin da dokar tarayya ta haramta shigo da bayi daga Afirka. Masana tarihi sun kiyasta cewa an tilasta wa bayi sama da miliyan daya daga Upper South, wurare kamar Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, Arewacin Carolina, Tennessee, da Missouri, zuwa yankuna da jihohin Deep South, musamman Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, Arkansas, da Texas.

## Tarihi
1776 zuwa 1808: Wannan lokacin ya fara ne da Sanarwar 'yancin kai kuma ya ƙare lokacin da aka haramta shigo da bayi daga Afirka da Caribbean a karkashin dokar tarayya a cikin 1808; Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta haramta shigowar bayi a lokacin yakin juyin juya halin Amurka amma ta sake dawowa a cikin gida daga baya, da farko ta hanyar tashar jiragen ruwa na Wilmington, North Carolina (har zuwa 1785),  Savannah, Georgia (har zuwa 1798),  da Charleston, South Carolina (har sai aka sake buɗe cinikin bayi na Afirka ta Kudu a watan Disamba 1803 kuma ya shigo da mutane 39,0758).  Wasu bayi da aka tura zuwa waɗannan tashar jiragen ruwa an sake siyar da su a cikin gida, wasu an tura su zuwa kasuwannin bayi na Natchez da New Orleans na ƙananan Mississippi.

1808 zuwa cirewar Indiya da kuma kirkirar gin na auduga mai tsawo (1830s): Wannan lokacin fadada ƙasa zai iya kasancewa a baya ga Sayen Louisiana na 1803, kuma ya haɗa da ba da Mutanen Espanya Yammacin Florida a cikin 1821.[3] A cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan Yaƙin 1812, kasuwannin bayi mafi aiki a cikin Kudancin Kudancin sun kasance a Algiers, Louisiana, da Natchez, Mississippi . [4] Wani masanin tarihin New Orleans ya sami shaidar cewa "Sarauniyar cinikayya", kamar yadda aka sani da New Orleans daga baya, ta buɗe don kasuwanci a farkon shekarun karni na 19, amma "ba har zuwa shekarun 1820 ba ne ya daidaita sosai cewa yawan 'yan kasuwa na bayi na Amurka ya karu zuwa daidaito mai ban sha'awa" kuma a 1827 "New Orleans ya zama babban cibiyar cinikin bayi a ƙananan Kudu".[5] : 151 : 151 

## Ƙarshen cinikin bayi
Cinikin bayi na cikin gida ya ɓace a lokacin yakin basasar Amurka - akwai raguwar farashi tsakanin 1860 da 1862, saboda "rashin tabbas na kasuwa" wanda ke hana masu hasashe. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 1861, wani "Kudancin Mississippian" wanda ya yi kama da adawa da rabuwa duk da cewa "babu wani mutum a Mississippi da ke da mafi girman rabo na dukiyarsa a cikin baƙi" ya rubuta Louisville Courier cewa "Masu rabuwa suna aiwatar da ka'idoji da sha'awar abolitionists. Wataƙila ba za a iya sayar da baƙi a nan a $ 500 a cikin kuɗi mai kyau ba. 'Yan kasuwa Negro suna da ƙarancin nan kamar yadda a Boston.  Duk da haka, kasuwancin ya kasance mai haɗari kuma farashin ya tashi a cikin kariya na CSA, kuma a cikin kisancin su "Ba tare da wannan ba".
## Manazarta
Stephen Aitken

**Stephen Aitken** (an haife shi ranar 25 ga watan Satumba, 1976) a Glasgow) ɗan wasan kwallon kafa ne kuma kocin Scotland wanda ya kasance manajan East Kilbride kwanan nan. 

Aitken ya buga wa Greenock Morton, Stranraer, Stenhousemuir da kuma Junior side Arthurlie. 

Yayansa Chris shima tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne.

## Manazarta
Jerin gwamnonin Sudan kafin samun 'yancin kai

**Gwamnonin Sudan kafin samun 'yancin kai** su ne masu mulkin mallaka da ke da alhakin yankin Turco-Egyptian Sudan da Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, yankin da ya yi daidai da Sudan ta zamani da Sudan ta Kudu.

## Jerin
(Ranar da ke cikin italics suna nuna ci gaba da aiki) 

Don ci gaba bayan samun 'yancin kai, *duba:* Jerin sunayen shugabannin Sudan

## Duba kuma

* Sudan
** Siyasar Sudan
** Tarihin Sudan
** Jerin sunayen shugabannin kasashen Sudan
** Mataimakin shugaban kasar Sudan
** Jerin sunayen shugabannin gwamnatin Sudan
** Jerin Gwamnonin Jihohin Sudan na yanzu
* Sudan ta Kudu
** Siyasar Sudan ta Kudu
** Tarihin Sudan ta Kudu
** Jerin sunayen shugabannin kasashen Sudan ta Kudu
** Mataimakin shugaban kasar Sudan ta Kudu
** Jerin sunayen gwamnonin jahohin Sudan ta Kudu

## Manazarta
Yaƙin Umm Diwaykarat

**Yakin Umm Diwaykarat** a ranar 25 ga watan Nuwamban 1899 ya zama nasara ta ƙarshe da gwamnatin Mahdist ta yi a Sudan, lokacin da sojojin Anglo-Masar ƙarƙashin jagorancin Lord Kitchener suka fatattaki abin da ya rage na sojojin Mahadist ƙarƙashin jagorancin Abdallahi bn Muhammad wanda aka fi sani da Khalifa, bayan yakin Omdurman da ya yi kamari a shekara ɗaya da ta gabata.

## Fage
Bayan Omdurman, sojojin Mahdist da suka ci nasara, har yanzu suna da ƙarfi 25,000, sun ƙaura zuwa kudu daga Khartoum zuwa Kordofan. Har yanzu Mahadiyyawa ne ke riƙe da yankunan Kordofan da Darfur da kuma ƙasashen da ke kan iyaka da Habasha. A watan Oktoban 1899 turawan Ingila sun samu labarin cewa Khalifa da dakarunsa na cikin ƙasarsa ta Baggara da ke yammacin Kusti (Kaka) a Kordofan. Kitchener ya aike da sojojin Sudan da Masar 8,000 ƙarƙashin kwamandan Janar FR Wingate domin su tare shi. Wingate ya yi tattaki daga Kusti zuwa tsaunin Kordofan, ya lalata sashen samar da kayayyaki na Mahdist, nan da nan ya gano sansanin Khalifa.

## Yaƙi
Ya zuwa wannan lokaci, dakarun Khalifan na Sudan sun tsare a kalla mutane 10,000. Halifa ya yanke shawarar tsayawa maimakon ya kara ja da baya. Da dare Wingate ya tunƙari sansanin daga gabas da arewa. Da misalin karfe 5 na safe Mahdist suka fara kai farmaki kan sojojin da Birtaniyya ke jagoranta, amma an kori su da baya ta hanyar bushewar wuta daga bindigogin Maxim. Koƙarin da Khalifa ya yi na tara mutanensa ya ci tura, nan da nan ya yarda cewa komai ya lalace. Ya kira manyan shugabanninsa su zauna tare da shi a kan farwa  fata mai shekara; jira mutuwa. Masu gadinsa sun kāre shi, amma wutar sojojin Anglo-Masar ta cinye dukansu.

Asarar Mahdist kusan 1,000 ne aka kashe da jikkata. Sojojin Sudan/Masar sun kama da yawa daga cikin sauran, ciki har da wani datn sarki Yuni.

## Bayan haka
Osman Digna ya ji rauni kusan a farkon yakin, kuma ya gudu bayan an ɗauke shi daga filin; Sarki ɗaya tilo da yayi haka. Bayan shan kaye, ragowar Mahadist sun ci gaba da yin turjiya na ɗan lokaci kaɗan a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa, amma an kama shi a watan Janairun 1900. An kame yankuna na ƙarshe na Darfur a shekara ta 1916.

## Manazarta
Dokokin Masar da Dokokin Masar waɗanda ke da alaƙa da Kiyaye Al'adun gargajiya a yankin Tarihi na Alkahira

Tsarin kiyaye al'adun gargajiya a Masar yana ƙarƙashin dokoki masu zuwa:

## Law no. 117 na 1983
Ita ce "Dokar kare abubuwan tarihi". An sabunta wannan doka a cikin 2010 kuma an ba da ka'idodin zartarwa a cikin wannan shekarar. Wannan doka ita ce kawai doka da aka aiwatar a fagen kiyaye al'adun gargajiya har sai doka mai lamba 144 ta 2006 da kuma dokokinta na zartarwa.

Wannan doka ta haɗa da "Abubuwan da aka samar da al'adu daban-daban ko kuma suka haifar da fasaha, kimiyya, wallafe-wallafe ko addini na zamanin tarihi da kuma lokacin tarihi a jere har zuwa shekaru ɗari da suka wuce lokacin da yake da daraja ko kuma yana da mahimmancin kayan tarihi ko tarihi ana daukarsa daya daga cikin bayyanar al'adu daban-daban"

## Doka na 144 na 2006
Yana da game da adana kayan gine-gine. Wannan doka ta damu da kare gine-gine masu mahimmanci da gine-gine masu darajan gado.

Wannan doka ta haɗa da "Gina da tsarin tsarin tsarin gine-gine na musamman ko masu alaƙa da tarihin ƙasa ko halayen tarihi ko waɗanda ke wakiltar tarihin tarihi ko ɗaukar wurin yawon buɗe ido; waɗanda ke da kariya daga rushewa ko gyara"

## Doka na 119 na 2008
Ana kiran shi "Urban Harmony". Wannan doka da ƙa'idodinta na zartarwa suna da alhakin adana wurare masu mahimmanci na gine-gine da halayen birane da gine-gine da sauran abubuwan halitta.

Wannan doka ta haɗa da "Gidajen da ke da wadatar abubuwan da ke cikin al'adun gargajiya, na gine-gine, na alama ta zahiri, kyakkyawa ko kimar halitta; kuma suna buƙatar mu'amala da su azaman haɗin haɗin gwiwa don kiyayewa"

Ya sha bamban da dokokin da aka ambata a sama dangane da fannin aiki inda wannan doka ta shafi yankin birni da kuma abin tarihi ba gine-ginen da kansa ba. Yana bayyana iyakokin abin tunawa, iyakoki da yankin buffersa. Don haka, wannan doka tana aiki azaman ƙarin doka don kiyaye gabaɗayan mahallin ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa.

## Duba kuma
•Gine-ginen Mazauna a cikin Tarihi Alkahira

## Manazarta
Salimatou Fatty

**Salimatou Fatty** (an haife shi 2 Fabrairu 1994)  malami ne dan Gambia kuma mai ba da shawara kan jinsi. Ita ce ta kafa Gidauniyar Ilimi ta Salimatou, gidauniyar agaji a Gambia wacce ke ba da shawarar samar da ingantaccen ilimi mai araha ga kowa. Ita Mataimakiyar Matasa ce ta Duniya a Haɗin gwiwar Duniya don Ilimi. A cikin 2017, an saka ta cikin jerin 100 na matasa masu tasiri a Afirka saboda kokarinta na inganta ilimi ga yara mata.   

## Ilimi
Fatty ta fara karatunta a makarantar Larabci inda ta koyi game da addinin ta Musulunci. Ta ci gaba zuwa Makarantar Firamare ta Kerewan har zuwa firamare 2. Bayan kammala karatun firamare na biyu, Salimatou da iyalinta sun koma garin FajiKunda. Ta yi karatun Jima'i da Ci gaba a Cibiyar Ci Gaban Gudanarwa kuma a halin yanzu tana karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Gambiya . &nbsp;

### Yunkurin fafutuka
Salimatou ta fara aikin jin kai a shekarar 2014 bayan makarantar sakandare. An nada ta a matsayin Jakadan Matasa na Duniya ta hanyar A World At School a cikin 2014 zuwa 2017. Ta kafa Gidauniyar Salimatou don Ilimi a watan Nuwamba 2015. Ayyukanta na sadaka suna ba da shawara ga ilimi mai inganci ga kowa da daidaiton jinsi. An zabi ta don Kyautar Matasan Afirka a karkashin "Mai ba da shawara na shekara" a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2016, an ba ta suna "Yarinya ta Watan" a watan Satumbar shekara ta 2016 ta hanyar Girls Pride Circle, kuma an ba ta sunan "Matashi na mako" a watan Maris na shekara ta 2016 daga Matasa a cikin Media. Salimatou ɗalibi ne na Barack Obama Young African Leaders Initiative (YALI RLC). An ba ta suna "Matar Afirka ta Rana" ta MTV Ghana a ranar 3 ga Maris 2017, an lissafa ta a matsayin shugabannin Matasan Afirka 100 mafi tasiri a shekarar 2017 ta African Youth Award . Salimatou ta wakilci kuma ta halarci tarurruka da tarurruka masu yawa a Afirka, Asiya, Amurka, Turai da Ingila kan batutuwan jin kai. 

## Rayuwa ta mutum
An haifi Fatty a ƙauyen Kerewan a yankin Bankin Arewacin Gambiya a cikin 1994 ga Aja Fatoumatta Jarra Ceesay da Alhajie Saikou Fatty . Ita ce ta bakwai cikin yara tara. Ta halarci Oustass Keita Dara, inda ta koyi yin addininta, Islama . Mahaifinta ya mutu lokacin da take da shekara guda. Mahaifiyar da ba ta da aure ce ta yi renonta. A cikin Janairu 2019, bayan binciken likita, ta gano cewa tana fama da cutar scoliosis mai yawa. Salimatou tana fama da baƙin ciki a cikin shekara ta 2019.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Boubacar Hama Beidi

**Boubacar Hama Beïdi** (kuma **Buubacar Hamma Beedi** ko **Buubakar Hamma Beedi**), an haife shi a shekarar 1951 a Birni N'Gaouré da ke a Sashen Boboye, malami ne a Najeriya, marubuci, kuma ɗan siyasa.

## Rayuwar farko da Karatu
Boubacar Hama Beïdi ɗan ƙabilar Fula ne. Shi ɗan wani babban jami'i ne a fadar sarautar shugaban gargajiya na Birni N'Gaouré. Ya fara karatun firamare a birni ne N'Gaouré na ƙasarsa ta gado. 

### Karatu
Hama Beïdi ta halarci makarantar National Lycée a Niamey, babban birnin ƙasar Nijar, inda ya kammala a shekarar 1967 tare da karbar shaidar kammala karatun sakandare watau satifiket-(baccalaureate).

## Koyarwa, Siyasa da sauran ayyuka
Kusan rayuwar da ta ta'allaka ne ga koyar da karatu a firamare, inda ya kasance ma'aikaci; a matsayin malami, shugaban makaranta, haka-zalika mai gudanar da bincike a makaranta-(supervisor), kuma ya koyar gami da horar da malamai. Daga 1989 zuwa 1991, ya kasance memba na Majalisar Dokokin Nijar ga Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙasa don Ci gaban Al'umma (MNSD-Nassara). Boubacar Hama Beïdi ya yi rubuce-rubuce da yawa a harshen Faransanci da Fulfulde game da al'adun mutanen Fula-(Fulani) tun daga asalin kabilar watau yankin Dallol Bosso.

### Wallafe-wallafen
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Manazarta
Dallol Bosso

**Dallol Bosso** (Zarma: **Boboye**)  yanke ne da ke ɗaya daga cikin manyan kwarin kogi guda biyu a kudu maso yammacin Nijar. Kwarin Dallol Bosso yana gudana daga yankin Azawagh a cikin hamadar Saharar yamma da kudu ta hanyar Yankin Dosso inda ya kwarin har ya riski Kogin Neja.

## Al'ummar yankin
*Dallol* shine yaren Djerma daidai da Larabci Wadi ko Hausa Kwari: wani kwarin kogi na  wanda ke ɗaukar ruwa a lokacin damuna. A tarihince yankin ya kasance cibiyar Mutanen Djerma na Nijar. Sassan yankin na da mabanbantan sunayen; **Dallol Boboy** kusa da bakin kwarin **Dallol Azawak** sashen arewacin kwarin.

## Girma

Kwarin ya bazu a bakin wurin Azawagh a yammacin Dutsen Aïr. Dallol Bosso yana gudana kimanin kilomita 300 (190 , yana tsakanin kilomita 5-15 (3.1-9.3  a fadin.

## Manazarta
Zaben gwamna na Jihar Imo na 2023

An gudanar da **Zaben gwamna na Jihar Imo na 2023** a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 2023 saboda jinkirin rantsar da Gwamna mai ci Hope Uzodinma, don zabar Gwamnan Jihar Imo An sake zabar Gwamnan APC mai ci Hope Uzodinma, tare da shi ya lashe dukkan yankuna 27 na kananan hukumomi. Dan takarar LP Athan Achonu ya shigar da kara a kan Uzodinma yana mai da'awar cewa zaben "ya lalace ta hanyar rashin daidaito, gami da sayen kuri'u da hare-haren jiki na jami'an LP, don haka ya cancanci sokewa gaba ɗaya".

## Tsarin zabe
Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Imo ta amfani da tsarin zagaye biyu. Don a zabe shi a zagaye na farko, dole ne dan takara ya sami kuri'un da yawa da kuma sama da kashi 25% na kuri'un a akalla kashi biyu bisa uku na yankunan kananan hukumomin jihar. Idan babu dan takara da ya wuce wannan ƙofar, za a gudanar da zagaye na biyu tsakanin babban dan takara kuma dan takara na gaba da ya sami kuri'u da yawa a cikin mafi yawan yankunan karamar hukuma.

## Zaben fidda gwani
Zaben fidda gwani, tare da duk wani kalubale da zai iya samu ga sakamakon fidda gwami, za a gudanar da shi tsakanin 27 ga Maris da 17 ga Afrilu 2022.

### Dukkanin Majalisa Masu Ci gaba

#### An cire shi ta kwamitin tantancewa

* Hope Uzodinma: Gwamna kuma tsohon Sanata na Imo West

#### Ya ƙi

* Ifeanyi Ararume: tsohon Sanata na Imo North 
* Jude Ejiogu: tsohon Sakataren Gwamnatin Jihar Imo kuma Dan takarar gwamna na 2019 na APC 
* David Mbamara: ɗan kasuwa 
* Chukwuemeka Nwajiuba: tsohon Ministan Ilimi na Jiha (2019-2022) kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Ehime Mbano / Itte Uboma / Obowo 
* Uche Nwosu: dan takarar gwamna na APC na 2019 kuma dan takarar gwamnan AA, Gwamna Okorocha jami'in gwamnati, kuma surukin tsohon Gwamna Okorocha 

### Jam'iyyar Labour

#### Siffofin da aka saya

* Athan Achonu: tsohon Sanata na Imo ta Arewa 
* Martin Agbaso: tsohon Sanata na Imo East 
* Charles Agomuo
* Chinedu Amadi: ɗan kasuwa 
* Humphrey Anumudu: ɗan kasuwa 
* Tochi Ehirim
* Ike Ibe: tsohon memba na Majalisar Dokoki na Obowo West kuma tsohon Kakakin Majalisar Dokoki 
* C. Ishiguzo
* Basil Maduka: ɗan kasuwa 
* David Mbamara
* Kelechi Nwagwu: tsohon memba na Majalisar kuma tsohon Kakakin Majalisar 
* Lincoln Ogunewe: tsohon babban janar na Sojoji 
* Yusufu Ukaegbu

### Jam'iyyar Demokradiyya ta Jama'a
A ƙarshen 2022 da farkon 2023, rahotanni sun nuna gwagwarmaya mai tsanani a cikin Imo PDP kan tikitin gwamna tsakanin manyan mutane biyu na jam'iyyar jihar: tsohon Sanata Samuel Anyanwu da tsohon Gwamna Emeka Ihedioha. Anyanwu da Ihedioha sun yi gasa don zaben 2019 kuma sun yi gwagwarmaya don kula da jam'iyyar jihar a lokacin zaben fidda gwani na 2022. A watan Janairun 2023, masu kallo sun lura da damuwa na PDP cewa rikici na Anyanwu-Ihedioha na iya cutar da jam'iyyar kafin zaben a watan Fabrairu da Oktoba.

#### Ta hanyar gundumar sanata
Sakamakon zaben ta gundumar sanata.

#### Ta hanyar mazabar tarayya
Sakamakon zaben ta mazabar tarayya.

#### Ta hanyar karamar hukuma
Sakamakon zaben ta kananan hukumomi.

## Manazarta
Jerin lokaci na tarihin Yoruba

Wannan jerin lokuta ne ko jerin lokuta na tarihin Yoruba. Ya ƙunshi sanannun ko muhimman al'adu, tarihi da abubuwan siyasa a Yoruba, masarautun da ke kusa da shi kamar yadda yake da alaƙa da mutanen Yoruba na Yammacin Afirka. Yawancin kwanakin, musamman waɗanda suka fito daga lokutan da suka gabata kafin tarihin rubuce-rubuce suna kusa, kuma koyaushe ana nuna su lokacin da aka nuna su. Kada ku ƙara abubuwan da ba sanannun ba ne ga wannan jerin lokuta.

## Shekara dubu 11 BC

## Shekara dubu na 4 BC

## Shekara dubu na uku KZ

## Shekara dubu na farko KZ

## Karni na 3 AD

## Karni na 7 AD

## Karni na 8 AD

## Karni na 9 AD

## Karni na 10 AD

## Karni na 21 AD

## Manazarta
Tarihin Yahudawa a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo

Za a iya gano tarihin Yahudawa a Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango tun a shekara ta 1907, lokacin da Yahudawan farko da suka fara shigowa kasar. Yawan Yahudawan Kongo na yanzu galibinsu na asalin Sephardi ne.

## Tarihi
Ƙasar wadda a yanzu ita ce Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango, Turawa ne suka fara mamaye da su kuma suka yi wa mulkin mallaka bayan 1885 a cikin ƙasar da ake kira da ‘Yancin Kwango a lokacin. A cikin 1908 Ƙasar 'Yanci ta kasance Belgium ta mamaye, ta zama Kongo Belgian.

Yahudawan farko a Kongo sun kasance bakin haure na Gabashin Turai daga Romania da Poland. A cikin ƴan shekaru masu zuwa, ƙarin Yahudawa baƙi sun zo daga Afirka ta Kudu. A shekara ta 1911, Yahudawa Sephardi sun zo daga tsibirin Rhodes a yanzu Girka (wani yanki na Daular Ottoman) sun zauna a Kongo. A wannan shekarar, an kafa wata cibiyar al'ummar Yahudawa mai suna Communauté du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi. An gina majami'a a Lubumbashi a shekara ta 1930. Rabbi Moses Levy ya zama shugaban al'ummar Yahudawa a ko'ina cikin Kongo da Ruanda-Urundi (Rwanda da Burundi a yanzu). Sakamakon rikicin tattalin arziki a shekarun 1930, yawancin Yahudawan Gabashin Turai sun bar Kongo. Sai dai bayan rikicin ya wuce wasu Yahudawa sun yi hijira daga Gabashin Turai kuma Yahudawan Kudancin Turai suka shiga.

Kafin kafa kasar Isra'ila a shekara ta 1948 Kongo ta kasance gida ga kungiyoyin sahyoniyawan da dama, karkashin jagorancin kungiyar Sionist du Congo Belge. Bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga kasar Beljiyam a shekarar 1960 akasarin yahudawan Kongo sun bar kasar, inda akasarinsu suka zauna a Isra’ila ko kuma Afirka ta Kudu. A lokacin samun 'yancin kai, Kongo tana gida ga Yahudawa 2,500. Kashi 50% na al'ummar yahudawa suna zaune ne a Lubumbashi, yayin da iyalai yahudawa 70 ke zaune a Kinshasa babban birnin Kongo. Yaran Yahudawa a lokacin ana koyar da darussa a cikin Ibrananci da Yahudanci a makarantun gwamnati.

A cikin 2013, yawan Yahudawa ya kai kusan 320 kuma an zauna akasari a Lubumbashi. Yawancin su Sephardi ne kuma suna magana da Ladino, yaren Mutanen Espanya-Yahudanci. Akwai wata majami'a a Lubumbashi wadda wani malami ke hidima. Har ila yau, akwai ƙananan Yahudawa da ke zaune a Kinshasa da aka fi sani da Ikilisiya ta Isra’ila. Chabad kuma yana da ayyuka a cikin ƙasar, da kuma hedkwatarsu ta Afirka ta Tsakiya a Kinshasa. Chabad yana da majami'a da makarantar Ibrananci, kuma gungun dalibansu na malamai suna zuwa karatu na tsawon shekara guda a can yayin da kuma ana tura su zuwa wasu wurare a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara don samar wa al'ummar Yahudawa shirye-shirye.

## Duba kuma
•Masarautar Loango

## Mahaɗar wajr

* Chabad Central Africa official website
* Jewish community in Congo at the World Jewish Congress
* Indépendance : Les Juifs du Congo se souviennent at the Centre Communautaire Laïc Juif.

## Manazarta
Gan

* Gan, wani bangare na sunayen wurare na Ibrananci a zahiri ma'anar "gidan lambu"

* Kogin Gan (Jiangxi) 
* Kogin Gan (Inner Mongolia) ,
* Gundumar Gan, a lardin Jiangxi
* Gansu, ta rage *Gān* (甘), lardin kasar Sin
* Jiangxi, ta rage Gàn, lardin kasar Sin

* Gáň, ƙauye da kuma karamar hukuma a cikin Gundumar Galanta, Yankin Trnava, kudu maso yammacin Slovakia
* Tsibirin Gan, tsibiri ne a cikin Addu Atoll a cikin Tekun Indiya wanda ya kasance sansanin jirgin sama na RAF
* Gan, Norway, ƙauye a cikin garin Lillestrøm, Norway
* Gan, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, wani gari ne a cikin sashen Pyrénées, Faransa

* GAN (jini) 
* Gan (Crater na Mars) 
* Gallium nitride, sanannen III-V semiconductor, tsarin sunadarai GaN
* Cibiyar sadarwa ta adawa, wani nau'i na tsarin ilmantarwa na inji
* Cibiyar Samun Samun Samfurori, wacce aka fi sani da Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) 

* Gan (sunan mahaifi) , sunan mahaifi a al'adu daban-daban (ciki har da jerin mutanen da ke da sunan mahaifi) 
* Gamal Abdel Nasser (1918-1970), shugaban Masar
* Gösta Adrian-Nilsson (1884-1965), mai zane na Sweden, sa hannun "GAN"
* Mutanen Ga-Adangbe

* GAN (ƙungiyar keken keke) , tsohon sunan ƙungiyar keken Crédit Agricole
* Mutanen Gan masu magana da Sinanci
* Gan Sinanci, nau'ikan Sinanci da ake magana
* Filin jirgin saman Gan, lambar IATA
* Cibiyar Nazarin Duniya, ƙungiyar da ba ta riba ba da ke zaune a Geneva
* Cibiyar sadarwa ta Larabawa ta Duniya, wajen tattara  labarai na London game da duniyar Larabawa
* Grant Anticipation Note, wani nau'in kudade na hanya
* Babban Labari na Amurka, wanda aka taƙaita shi a matsayin GAN
Yaƙin Atbara

**Yaƙin Atbara** wanda aka fi sani da **yaƙin kogin Atbara** ya faru ne a lokacin yaƙin Mahdist. Sojojin Anglo-Masar sun fatattaki Mahdist 15,000 a gaɓar kogin Atbara. Yaƙin dai ya zamanto sauyin yanayi na sake kwato Sudan daga hannun kawancen ƙasashen Birtaniya da Masar. 

A shekara ta 1898, haɗin gwiwar sojojin Birtaniya da na Masar sun doshi kudu, sun haye kogin Nilu zuwa Sudan. Shugaban Mahadist na Sudan, Khalifa Abdallahi ibn Muhammad ya umurci sarki Mahmud Ahmad da sojojinsa masu karfi 10,000 na yammacin Sudan zuwa arewa zuwa mahaɗar kogin Nilu da kogin Atbara da su shiga tsakanin sojojin Ingila da Masar ƙarƙashin jagorancin Herbert Kitchener.

Da suka yi zango a bakin kogin Atbara a ranar 20 ga watan Maris, Mahmud, tare da kungiyar Osman Digna na mayakan Mahdist suna cikin  na sansanin Burtaniya a Fort Atbara a mahaɗin Atbara tare da kogin Nilu. A ranar 4 ga watan Afrilu, bayan ya ga cewa Mahdists ba su son kai hari, Kitchener ya yi shiru tare da sojojin Birtaniya da na Masar zuwa sansanin kagara na Mahdist da ke wajen garin Nakheila. 

An fara kai harin Anglo-Masar ne da karfe 06:20 a ranar 8 ga watan Afrilu 1898. Brigades uku, Brigade na Burtaniya ƙarƙashin jagorancin William Gatacre, da Brigades biyu na Rundunar Masar ƙarƙashin jagorancin Archibald Hunter, suka jagoranci harin.  Bayan wani takaitacciyar harin bama-bamai da aka kai a sansanin Mahdist, haɗaɗɗiyar dakarun Birtaniyya da na Masar sun kai hari.  Ba da daɗewa, sojojin Birtaniya da na Masar sun kasance a sansanin Mahdist, suna yawan faɗa hannu da hannu da mayakan Mahdist. Bayan mintuna 45 ne aka kawo ƙarshen yaƙin yayin da Osman Digna ya jagoranci wasu 'yan mayaka dubu da suka koma kudu, yayin da aka kashe ko kuma aka kama mafi yawan sauran, ciki har da Mahmud wanda sojojin Sudan masu aminci na Brigade na Masar suka kama. 

Mawaƙin Scotland William McGonagall ne ya yi bikin yaƙin.

## Manazarta

## Wasu kafofin

*  

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*
Granville Sharp

Granville Sharp (10 Nuwamba 1735 - 6 Yuli 1813) masanin Ingilishi ne, mai ba da agaji kuma ɗaya daga cikin masu fafutuka na farko don kawar da cinikin bayi a Burtaniya. An haife shi a Durham, da farko ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin gwamnati a cikin Kwamitin Ordnance . Ya shiga cikin abolitionism ya fara ne a shekara ta 1767 lokacin da ya kare wani bawa da ya ji rauni sosai daga Barbados a cikin shari'ar shari'a a kan ubangijinsa. Da yake ƙara mai da hankali ga dalilin, ya ci gaba da neman shari'o'in gwaji game da hujjojin doka don bautar, kuma a cikin 1769 ya buga takarda ta farko a Ingila wanda ya kai farmaki ga manufar bautar.

Kokarin Granville Sharp ya ƙare a shekara ta 1772 lokacin da ya taimaka wajen tabbatar da hukuncin Ubangiji Mansfield a Somerset da Stewart, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa bautar ba ta da tushe a cikin dokar Ingilishi. A shekara ta 1787, Sharp da Thomas Clarkson sun kafa kungiyar don yin tasiri ga kawar da cinikin bayi. Ci gaba da kamfen ɗin Sharp, Clarkson da William Wilberforce ya haifar da kawar da cinikin bayi ta hanyar Dokar Cinikin Bauta ta 1807. Sharp ya mutu a shekara ta 1813, shekaru ashirin kafin Dokar Kawar da Bautar 1833, wanda ya soke bautar a mafi yawan Daular Burtaniya.

Baya ga manufarsa ta abolitionist, Sharp ya kuma goyi bayan kirkirar mulkin mallaka mai 'yanci a Saliyo, wanda ya karfafa baƙar fata a Burtaniya su zauna a yammacin Afirka. Kokarinta ya haifar da kafa Lardin 'Yanci kuma daga baya Freetown . Ya kuma kasance mai ba da shawara ga Masu mulkin mallaka na Amurka, sake fasalin majalisa da kuma 'yancin kai na Ireland. Wani ƙwararren masanin gargajiya da masanin Littafi Mai-Tsarki, Sharp ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Ƙungiyar Littafi Mai-Msarki ta Burtaniya da ta Ƙasashen Waje.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Sharp a Durham a cikin 1735. Yana da 'yan'uwa maza takwas da' yan'uwa mata biyar. Biyar daga cikin 'yan uwansa sun tsira daga jariri kuma a lokacin da Sharp ya kai tsakiyar shekarunsa kudaden iyali da aka ware don iliminsu sun ƙare, don haka Sharp ya sami ilimi a Makarantar Durham  amma galibi a gida.
## Manazarta
Battle of Hiraan

An gwabza yakin Hiraan ne a ranar 3 ga Maris, 1913 a Beledweyne tsakanin Italiyan Somaliland da kungiyar Derwish.   Italiyawa ba su sake kai hari ba suna barin Dervish don yin mulkin kudu cikin 'yanci.  

Dervish na fuskantar hari daga kowane bangare wanda ya dauki kwanaki 3.5. Karkashin tashin bama-bamai da manyan bindigogi da fadace-fadacen bindigu, ba a sami wata babbar barna ba saboda ƙwararrun injiniyan Cali Jalax.[1] Isma’il Mire ya yi taka-tsan-tsan wajen kare kagara ya rubuta yakin Geeraar a cikin waka. 

An tilasta wa Italiyawa da aka sha kaye su yi watsi da sansanonin su, inda suka yi watsi da shirinsu na ƙaura zuwa kwarin Shabelle na sama. Dervishes sun ƙarfafa tushensu a kudancin Somaliya ta hanyar gina sababbin garu guda biyu:

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Jerin harsuna ta adadin na kan wayoye

Wannan ɓangaren jerin harsuna an jera su ta wani ɓangaren ƙidayar saƙon wayoyi (gaba ɗaya yin watsi da sautin, damuwa, da diphthongs). Harsuna a cikin wannan jeri ba za a iya kwatanta su kai tsaye ba: Ƙididdiga na wayoyi a cikin lissafin harshe na iya bambanta sosai tsakanin tushe, lokaci-lokaci da kashi ɗari. Misali, An yi iƙirarin cewa yana da ko'ina tsakanin wasulan 11 zuwa 27, yayin da West ǃXoon aka bincikar da cewa yana da ko'ina daga 87 zuwa 164.

## Jerin
Wannan jeri yana fasalta daidaitattun yaruka na harsuna. An rarraba harsunan a ƙarƙashin iyalai na yare na farko, waɗanda ƙila a yi hasashe, masu alama a cikin haruffa, amma ba su haɗa da waɗanda manyan malamai suka ɓata ba (misali Nijar–Congo amma ba Altaic ba). Kwayoyin duhu masu duhu suna nuna batattun harsuna. Ƙaƙwalwar gefen kalmomi na hannun dama na nuna ƙananan ƙananan wayoyin hannu.

## Dubi kuma

* UCLA Phonological Segment Inventory Database

## Bayanan da ke ƙasa
Yaƙin Dul Madoba

**Yakin Dul Madoba**, an yi shi ne a tsakanin sojojin Birtaniya da na Dervish a ranar 4 ga Agustan 1913. A lokacin yakin, Ibrahim Xoorane ya kashe Richard Corfield. Ana samun labarin yaƙin na ƙasar Somaliya a cikin waƙar Annagoo Taleex naal.

## Yaƙi
Dul Madoba wani tudu ne mai tazarar mil 25 (kilomita 40) kudu maso gabas da birnin Burco a yankin da ake kira British Somaliland. A ranar 8 ga Agusta 1913, 'yan kabilar Dhulbahante da suka gudu sun nemi mafaka tare da Corfield wanda ke zaune a Ber tare da Gidan Rakumi na Somaliland. Dhulbahante ya sanar da shi cewa, Darwish sun kai farmaki matsugunansu, suka kama garken rakumansu. Corfield ya tashi ya ladabtar da Derwish da mayar da dabbobin Dhulbahante da aka wawashe. An yi yakin ne a ranar 9 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1913. A gefe guda 110 na SSC daga British Somaliland da 300 'yan kabilar Dhulbahante da ke kawance da Britaniya duk a karkashin jagorancin Kanar Richard Corfield sun fuskanci wasu 2,750 mabiya darikar Derwish masu rike da makamai na Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, wadanda Ingila ke yi wa lakabi da Mad Mullah.

Da Derwish suka yi gaba, nan take gaba dayan kabilar Dhulbahante suka gudu daga fagen fama. Da sauri Constabulary ya yi waje da hannun dama wanda ya sa wasu daga cikin mutanen Corfield suka watse a baya. Bindigar Maxim da ke tsakiya ta harba bel kafin ta daure. Richard Corfield, wanda ya ajiye kansa a kusa da bindigar, an harbe shi a kai kuma ya mutu nan take.

Kyaftin G.H. Summers, wanda ya ji rauni sosai, kuma Cecil de Sivrac Dunn ya haɗu da Constabulary mai rai kuma ya kafa murfin kariya daga gawar raƙuma. Hare-haren Dervish, wadanda suka hada da garzaya gaba, sun ci gaba da tafiya ba tare da karewa ba, sannan aka yi ta gumurzu da hannu. Dervishes da yawa sun shiga cikin tsaro, kuma sun yi ƙoƙarin kama gun Maxim nakasassu. Amma a wannan mawuyacin lokaci, Dervishes sun janye gaba ɗaya yayin da hannun jarinsu ya ƙare. Dhulbahante wadanda tun farko suka gudu daga yakin yanzu sun dawo sun kwashe gawarwakin a fagen fama. An kashe 36 na Constabulary ciki har da Corfield a cikin aikin, 21 sun ji rauni, 24 kuma sun gudu. Wadanda suka tsira sun kirga matattun Dervishes 395 wadanda aka bari a baya 

## Dubi kuma

* Ƙungiyar Dervish 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Kungiyar kasa ta africa ta kudu

Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Afirka ta Kudu, wadda aka fi sani da National Front of Africa ta Kudu (SANF) kungiya ce mai fascist a Afirka ta Kudu da aka kafa a 1977. Wannan yunƙuri ne na John Tyndall na British National Front; An kuma kafa ƙungiyoyin 'yan'uwa a Australia da New Zealand"Right wing Wit Kommando bombs academic's office" a lokaci guda.
 
Shugaban SANF na farko shine Jack Noble, tare da shirya jam'iyyar a shekarun 1970 ta Ray Hill. SANF ta ba da kuɗi ga NF a matsayin wani ɓangare na hanyar sadarwa ta duniya na neo-fascism. Ya wuce taron ƴan ƙasar waje ne kawai lokacin da aka haɗa shi da masu fascist na Italiya da Portuguese da Ku Klux Klan na Afirka ta Kudu. Har ila yau, ta yi ƙoƙari ta haɗa kai da Afrikaner Resistance Movement (AWB) da kuma Herstigte Nasionale Party (HNP) (daga wanda ta samu kudade) tare da babban burin jam'iyyar wariyar launin fata/neo-fascist guda ɗaya a Afirka ta Kudu amma wannan 'embryonic'  ] jam'iyyar ba ta samu ba. ]

SANF ta buga nata mujallar Hitback. Har ila yau, ta buga wasu ƙasidu da yawa na anti-baƙar fata da na 'anti-Zionist' wanda ya haifar da kira da a gurfanar da shi don tunzura ƙiyayyar kabilanci", manufofin SANF da sun haifar da "ƙaramar haɓakar mutuwar jarirai baƙi". ] A shekara ta 1979 kyamar Yahudawa ta SANF ta sa matasan Yahudawa suka yi barazanar ɗaukar al'amura a hannunsu; Harry Schwarz da Alf Widman na jam'iyyar Progressive Federal Party sun yi kira ga gwamnati da ta yi wani abu game da jam'iyyar.

A cikin 1979 HNP ta maye gurbin Noble a matsayin jagora tare da Alan Fotheringham, tsohon ɗan takarar HNP,  ] kuma Ray Hill ya koma Ingila.
## Kommando
SANF ta kafa nata reshen soja na Wit Kommando/White Commando, ba wani sabon ci gaba ba dangane da siyasar Afirka ta Kudu ta dama.  A cikin 1980 Wit Kommando/White Commando ya fara yakin ta'addanci musamman ga baki. An kai hare-haren bama-bamai da dama, musamman kan ofisoshin Cibiyar Hulda da Kabilanci ta Afirka ta Kudu da Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu. A shekarar 1981 kuma sun yi shirin kai hari ga turawan da suke dauka a matsayin "fararen kaffir" ko kuma masu hada tseren. 'Yan sandan Afirka ta Kudu sun kama su kuma sun gano jerin jerin hare-haren da suka hada da Bishop Desmond Tutu,  ] White Commando wanda a baya ya "yi masa barazana akai-akai". Ba a tuhumi Fotheringham ba amma Max (Massimo) Bollo daga hukumar SANF na kasa, kuma shugaban kungiyar UNIDO mai alaka da Italiya, ya samu hukuncin dauri mai tsawo, kamar yadda wasu 'yan Italiya biyu suka yi.  SANF ta wargaje a farkon shekarun 1980.

## Manazarta
Kisan kiyashi na Pidjiguiti

Kisan kiyashi na Pidjiguiti (wanda aka fi sani da Pijiguiti) wani lamari ne da ya faru a ranar 3 ga watan Agusta 1959 a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Pijiguini ta Bissau a Bissau, Guinea ta Portugal . Ma'aikatan tashar jiragen ruwa sun shiga yajin aiki, suna neman albashi mafi girma, amma manajan da ya kira PIDE, 'yan sanda na jihar Portugal, wanda ya harbe taron, ya kashe akalla mutane 25. Gwamnati ta zargi kungiyar juyin juya halin African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC), ta kama da dama daga cikin mambobinta. Wannan lamari ya sa PAIGC ta bar kamfen din su na juriya ba tare da tashin hankali ba, wanda ya haifar da Yakin Independence na Guinea-Bissau a 1963

## Tarihi
A cikin shekarun 1950, kamfanin Portuguese Companhia União Fabril ya mallaki yawancin kasuwanci a tashar jiragen ruwa na Pijiguiti ta hanyar wani reshe da ake kira Casa Gouveia . Kodayake gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Portugal ta aiwatar da sauye-sauye da yawa a cikin waɗannan shekarun don ƙoƙarin murkushe karuwar adawa da mulkin mallaka da kuma neman 'yancin kai a yankin, ƙananan albashi da yanayin aiki mara kyau har yanzu suna aiki ne a matsayin masu haifar da tashin hankali na zamantakewa.

abban yajin aiki Ma'aikatan tashar jiragen ruwa na farko da ma'aikatan Casa Gouveia suka yi ya faru ne a ranar 6 ga Maris 1956. A wannan lokacin, an umarci jami'an tsaro na Portugal da PIDE (yan sanda na siyasa) kada su yi amfani da karfi a kan ma'aikatan da suka yi yajin aiki, watakila don kauce wa kara rikici. Ma'aikatan, da suka fahimci wannan ci gaba, sun yi ƙoƙari su karɓi tashar jiragen ruwa da karfi, kuma ana buƙatar ƙarfafa 'yan sanda. Daga karshe an kama mutane, amma lamarin ya bar 'yan sanda da wulakanci

Yajin aikin 1956 bai yi nasara ba, kuma albashin ya kasance ƙasa sosai. Ci gaba da tashin hankali tsakanin ma'aikatan tashar jiragen ruwa ya kasance a bayyane har ma ga manyan jami'an mulkin mallaka, gami da Mataimakin Sakataren Gwamnati Francisco da Costa Gomes wanda ya yi tsokaci a ƙarshen 1958 cewa mai yiwuwa ne a yi tawaye kuma ya shawarci gwamnan da ya ba da bukatun albashi na ma'aikata don amfanin kwanciyar hankali. Wannan shawarar, duk da haka, ba a taɓa yin amfani da ita ba.
## Manzarta
Nico Diederichs

**Nicolaas Johannes Diederichs** DMS (17 Nuwamba 1903 - 21 Agusta 1978) ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ƙasa na uku na Afirka ta Kudu daga 1975 zuwa 1978. 

## Ilimi da aiki
Bayan kammala makaranta, ya halarci Kwalejin Jami'ar Grey tsakanin 1921 zuwa 1925 inda ya sami digiri na digiri na Arts (Dutch & Ethics) da Master of Arts (Philosophy). digiri   1  Ci gaba da aiki a Afirka ta Kudu, ya zama malami kuma daga baya malami a Jami'ar Orange Free State, a Kimiyyar Siyasa da Falsafa. 1  A cikin 1930s da 1940s, ya zama babban jigo a cikin da'irar kishin kasa ta Afrikaner. Ya kafa kungiyar Reddingsdaadbond don inganta kyautata tattalin arzikin Afrikaners.1

Bayan ya ziyarci ƙasar a 1938, Diederichs ya zama babban mai sha'awar Nazi Jamus.

## Sana'ar siyasa
Diederichs ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar National Party na Majalisar daga 1948 zuwa 1975, yana wakiltar Randfontein har zuwa 1958 sannan kuma Losberg. Ya rike mukamin ministan harkokin tattalin arziki daga shekarar 1958 zuwa 1967, a matsayin ministan ma'adinai daga 1961 zuwa 1964, sannan ya zama ministan kudi daga 1967 zuwa 1975. 2  A karshe ya samu sunan "Mr Gold" : 3  Herlons ya zama dan Afrika na farko. Jami' 5  da kuma shugaban kasa na Afirka ta Kudu daga 1975 har zuwa mutuwarsa, bayan gajeriyar rashin lafiya, ciwon zuciya a ranar 21 ga Agusta 1978 a Cape Town.

## Girmamawa
An karrama Diederichs da lambobin yabo daga kasashe daban-daban. An ba shi lambar zinare daga birnin Paris (1971), ya yi Knight na Greater Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic a 1973, da Order of Merit daga Paraguay a 1974.

## Ado don Ƙimar Ayyuka
Bayani akan tsabar kudi
An kwatanta shi a kan abubuwan da aka kwatanta na 1979 tsabar kudi na Rand na Afirka ta Kudu daga 1/2 cent zuwa 1 Rand, wanda aka buga a matsayin jerin abubuwan tunawa.

## Manazarta
Zaben gwamna na Jihar Edo na 2020

**Zaben gwamna na Jihar Edo na 2020** ya faru ne a ranar 19 ga Satumba 2020. Gwamnan PDP mai ci Godwin Obaseki ya sake lashe zaben a karo na biyu, inda ya kayar da APC Osagie Ize-Iyamu da 'yan takarar jam'iyya da yawa. Obaseki ya samu kashi 57.3% na kuri'un.

Godwin Obaseki ya fito ba tare da hamayya ba a zaben fidda gwani na PDP bayan duk masu neman sun sauka. Ya zaɓi Philip Shaibu a matsayin abokin tserensa.

Osagie Ize-Iyamu shi ne dan takarar APC tare da Audi Ganiyu a matsayin abokin takararsa. Mabel Oboh ita ce dan takarar ADC. Iboi Lucky Emmanuel ya tsaya a cikin ADP a cikin kuri'un, yayin da Osifo Uhun-Ekpenma Isaiah ya wakilci LP. 'Yan takara goma sha huɗu ne suka fafata a zaben, 12 maza ne, yayin da 2 mata ne. Biyu daga cikin 'yan takarar mataimakin gwamna mata ne.

## Tsarin zabe
Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Edo ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

## Zaben fidda gwani

### PDP na farko
An gudanar da Zaben fidda gwani na PDP a ranar 25 ga Yuni 2020. Godwin Obaseki, gwamnan da ke kan mulki ya fito ba tare da hamayya ba bayan duk masu neman sun sauka a madadinsa.

### Masu neman takara

* Wanda aka zaba a jam'iyyar: **Godwin Obaseki**: Gwamna mai ci.
* Abokin gudu: **Philip Shaibu**.
* Kenneth Imasuagbon: Ya sauka.
* Gideon Ikhine: Ya sauka.
* Omoregie Ogbeide-Ihama: An sauka.

### Farko na APC
An gudanar da zaben fidda gwani na APC a ranar 22 ga Yuni 2020. Osagie Ize-Iyamu ya lashe zaben fidda gwani da kuri'u 27,833 a kan wasu 'yan takara 2. Abokin hamayyarsa mafi kusa shi ne Pius Odubu, tsohon mataimakin gwamna a jihar wanda ya zo na biyu da kuri'u 3,776, yayin da Osaze Obazee, tsohon gwamna a cikin jihar ya zo na uku da kuri'un 2,000.

### Masu neman takara

* Wanda aka zaba a jam'iyyar: **Osagie Ize-Iyamu** .
* Mataki mai gudu: **Audu Ganiyu** .
* Pius Odubu: Tsohon mataimakin gwamna. Ya ɓace a zaben fidda gwani.
* Osaze Obazee: Tsohon gwamna. Ya ɓace a zaben fidda gwani.

## Sakamakon
Jimlar 'yan takara 14 ne suka yi rajista tare da Hukumar Zabe ta Kasa mai zaman kanta don yin takara a zaben. Gwamnan PDP Godwin Obaseki ya sake lashe zaben a karo na biyu, inda ya doke APC Osagie Ize-Iyamu da 'yan takarar jam'iyya da yawa. Obaseki ya samu kashi 57.3% na kuri'un, yayin da Ize-Iyamu ya samu kashi 41.6%.

Adadin masu jefa kuri'a da aka yi rajista a jihar ya kai 2,210,534 yayin da aka amince da masu jefa kuriʼa 557,443. Adadin kuri'un da aka jefa ya kasance 550,242, yayin da adadin kuri'un inganci ya kasance 537,407. Kayan da aka ƙi sun kasance 12,835.

### Ta hanyar karamar hukuma
Ga sakamakon zaben da karamar hukuma ta yi wa manyan jam'iyyun biyu. Jimlar kuri'un da suka dace na **537,407** suna wakiltar jam'iyyun siyasa 14 da suka shiga zaben. Green yana wakiltar LGAs da Obaseki ya lashe. Blue yana wakiltar LGAs wanda Ize-Iyamu ya lashe.

## Manazarta