open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Hydralazine

**Hydralazine**, wanda ake siyarwa a ƙarƙashin sunan alama **Apresoline** da sauransu, magani ne da ake amfani da shi don magance hawan jini da gazawar zuciya. Wannan ya haɗa da hawan jini mai yawa a cikin ciki da hawan jinin da ke haifar da alamomi. An gano yana da amfani sosai a cikin gazawar zuciya, tare da isosorbide dinitrate, don maganin mutanen da suka fito daga Afirka. Ana ba da shi ta baki ko ta hanyar allura a cikin jijiya. Tasirin yawanci yakan fara ne a kusa da minti sha biyar (15) kuma ya kai sa'o'i shida.

Sakamakon cututtuka na yau da kullun sun haɗa da ciwon kai da bugun zuciya mai sauri. Ba kullun ba amma mummunan sakamako sun haɗa da cututtukan jijiyoyi da zazzabin miyagun ƙwayoyi. Ba a ba da shawarar ga mutanen da ke fama da Cutar jijiyoyin zuciya ko kuma wadanda ke fama da cututtukan zuciya na rheumatic wanda ke shafar bawul din mitral. A cikin wuce gona da iri, cutar lupus-like na iya faruwa. A cikin waɗanda ke fama da Cutar koda ana ba da shawarar ƙananan sashi. Hydralazine yana cikin dangin vasodilator na magunguna kuma yana aiki ta hanyar haifar da fadada jijiyoyin jini.

An gano Hydralazine yayin da masana kimiyya a Ciba ke neman magani don zazzabin cizon sauro. An ba da izini a cikin 1949.  Yana cikin Jerin Magunguna Masu Muhimmanci na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya. Kudin da aka kashe a kasashe masu tasowa kusan US $ 2.78-9.11 ne a kowane wata. A Amurka magani yana biyan kimanin $ 50-100 a kowane wata. A cikin 2017, ita ce magani na 105 da aka fi rubuta a Amurka, tare da fiye da magunguna miliyan bakwai.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Es-Sabah

**Es-Sabah** ('The Morning') jarida ce ta yau da kullun ta Judeo-Larabci, wacce aka buga a cikin haruffan Ibrananci, wacce aka buga daga Tunis, Tunisiya.

## Tarihi da bayanin martaba
Yakubu Cohen ne ya kafa *Es-Sabah* kuma ya jagoranci shi. Fitowar farko ta fito a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba 1904. Ita ce jaridar Yahudawa da ta fi shahara a kasar a wani lokaci. Abubuwan da ke kunshe a tsakanin shafuka hudu zuwa sha shida. A siyasance, ta yi aiki a matsayin sashe na Sihiyoniyanci na taimakon jama'a. 

*Es-Sabah* ta dauki taken *Es-Sabah, seul quotidien israélite du Nord-Africain, le plus fort tirage des journaux israélites de Tunisie* (  *Es-Sabah*, kadai Yahudawa kullum a Arewacin Afirka, tare da mafi girman yada takardun Yahudawa a Tunisia"). 

A cikin 1930s *Es-Sabah* ita ce jaridar Judeo-Larabci ta ƙarshe da ta rage a ƙasar. A farkon karni, duk da haka, Tunisiya ta karbi bakuncin jaridu na Yahudu da Larabci.  Tun daga 1937 Simon Cohen shine darektan *Es-Sabah* .  *Es-Sabah*, tare da sauran littattafan Yahudawa a Tunisiya, gwamnatin Vichy ta murkushe su a cikin Oktoba 1940.  An buga fitowar *Es-Sabah* ta ƙarshe a ranar 14 ga Mayu 1940. 

## Manazarta
Littafin Nestor Firist

**Littafin Nestor the Priest**, asalinsa mai suna Hisabi na Rigimar Firist ( Qissat Mujadalat al-Asquf Arabic ) ko kuma avatarsa na rubutun Ibrananci Sefer Nestor Ha-Komer (an rubuta c. 900 CE) ana tsammanin shine farkon da ya tsira gaba da Kiristanci. An rubuta ainihin sigar littafin a cikin Yahudanci-Larabci, da fassarar zuwa Ibrananci wanda ya rikitar da furci na buɗewa daga Nestorius da sunan marubucin littafin, wanda a zahiri ba a san shi ba. [1] Ya kawo bayanai da yawa da suka daga Sabon Alkawari da tushen Ikilisiya. Sunan komer (כומר) yana kwatanta firist na Kirista (a cikin Ibrananci na zamani ana amfani da kalmar duka biyu ga limaman Katolika ko Orthodox da kuma masu hidimar Furotesta), maimakon kohen ko firist na Bayahude. An rubuta rubutun a matsayin labarin wani firist na Kirista (wanda ake kira Nestor a cikin fassarar Ibrananci da kuskure) wanda ya tuba zuwa addinin Yahudanci kuma ya rubuta wani labari mai mahimmanci na ainihin koyaswar Kirista game da yanayin Yesu da Triniti. [1] Har ila yau, marubutan muslunci sun yi amfani da shi wajen adawa da Kiristanci. [5]

Rubutun ya yi amfani da rubutun Yesu (ישו) don Yesu. 

An buga wani bugu na zamani mai suna *The Polemic of Nestor the Priest* na Daniel J. Lasker da Sarah Stroumsa ta Cibiyar Ben-Zvi don Nazarin Al'ummomin Yahudawa a Gabas, 1996.

## Duba kuma

* Toledot Yeshu
* Milhamoth ha-Shem na Yakubu Ben Reuben 12C
* Sefer Nizzahon Yashan ko Nizzahon vetus 13C
* Sefer Joseph Hamekane na R. Joseph hen R. Nathan l'official 13C (Paris MS)
* *Taswirar* Ibn Shaprut

## Manazarta
Elbaz

**El-Baz** ( Arabic , Hebrew , wanda kuma aka rubuta Elbaz, Al-Baz, El Baze, Albaz ko ElBez ( ) sunan sunan Larabci ne, ma'ana " shaho " ko " falcon " ("Baz" yana nufin goshawk a cikin Larabci, kuma ga falcon ko kestrel a cikin Ibrananci ).

## Mutane masu shahara

* Abdul Aziz bin Abdullah bin Baz ( Arabic   ; 1910 &#x2013; 1999), Salafi na Saudi Arabiya ko Malamin Islama na Wahabiyawa
* Farouk El-Baz ( Arabic   ; an haife shi a shekara ta 1938), masanin kimiyyar Ba'amurke ɗan Masar
* Osama El-Baz ( Arabic   ; an haife shi 1931), jami'in diflomasiyyar Masar
* Rania al-Baz, mai gabatar da gidan talabijin na Saudi Arabiya kuma wanda aka ci zarafinta a gida

### Elbaz

* Alber Elbaz (1961-2021), mai zanen kayan sawa na Maroko-Isra'ila
* André Elbaz (an haife shi a shekara ta 1934), mai zanen Moroccan kuma mai shirya fina-finai
* Cheb i Sabbah (1947-2013), an haife shi Haim Serge El-Baz, DJ club na Algeria.
* David Elbaz (an haife shi a shekara ta 1966), masanin ilmin taurari dan kasar Faransa kuma marubuci
* Gad Elbaz (an haife shi a shekara ta 1982) shi ne mawaƙin haredi na Isra'ila
* Gil Elbaz, ɗan kasuwan Amurka, wanda ya kafa AdSense
* Nathan Elbaz (1932 &#x2013; 1954), sojan sojojin Isra'ila
* Stéphanie Elbaz, ɗan wasan piano na Faransa
* Vincent Elbaz (an haife shi a shekara ta 1971) shi ne ɗan wasan Faransa

## Duba kuma

* Baz (rashin fahimta)
* Albats
El Horria - 'Yanci

**El Horria** ( Judeo-Moroccan Larabci : אלחורריא, transl. "Yanci" ) ko La Liberté Jarida ce ta Judeo-Moroccan da aka buga a cikin Tangier ta Salomon Benaioun a juzu'i biyu: daya a cikin Yahudanci-Moroccan Larabci da ɗaya cikin Faransanci . [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]

## Tarihi
Harshen Larabci, *El Horria*, an buga shi da farko a cikin 1914.  An buga fitowar farko ta sigar Faransa, *La Liberté*, a ranar 18 ga Yuni, 1915, tare da fitowar *El Horria* ta 51. 

## Tallafin Kuɗi
Jaridar ta fuskanci matsalolin kuɗi, kuma an ci gaba da samunta ta hanyar haɗakar jarin da ta samu daga Benaioun, kuɗin biyan kuɗi, kuɗin shiga na talla, da tallafin ɓoye daga gwamnatin Faransa, wanda ya ga labaran editocin jaridar masu goyon bayan Faransa a matsayin kayan aiki mai amfani na farfaganda.  Gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta biya francs 1,600 kowace shekara har zuwa 1918, bayan haka ta biya francs 2,000 kowace shekara har zuwa 1924 lokacin da Dokar Tangier ta sanya farfagandar ta zama ba dole ba. 

## Digitization
An yi amfani da na'urar daukar hoto da kuma fasahar dijital wajen yin aikin Historical Jewish Press . 

## Manazarta
Adeoluwa Owu

**Adeoluwa Emmanuel Owu** wanda aka fi sani da **Kyaftin Degzy**  shi ne darektan fina-finai Na Najeriya, kuma Mai daukar hoto, wanda aka fi saninsa da ayyukansa a jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Far From Home (2022) da Shanty Town (2023), da fina-fallafen A Tribe Called Judah (2023)  da *[[Jagun Jagun]]* (2023), wanda na ƙarshe ya ba shi gabatarwa a AMVCA don Mafi Kyawun Cinematography.  A cikin 2023, FilmOne ya lissafa shi a matsayin darektan mafi girma a kan Littafin Shekara na Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Najeriya . 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Adeoluwa Emmanuel Owu a Ilorin, a Jihar Kwara . [1] Ya fito ne daga Jihar Kogi, kuma ya fito ne daga zuriyar Yagba . [1] Owu ya halarci Jami'ar Ilorin kafin ya ci gaba da zuwa Cibiyar Fim ta Pefti a Legas, inda ya sami digiri a cikin fim, kuma ya inganta ƙwarewarsa, yayin da yake cikin ma'aikata a matsayin mai daukar hoto, edita, da darektan. [1]

## Fim ɗin ɓangare

### Film

### Talabijin

## Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

*
Ponzi

***Ponzi*** fim ne na barkwanci na Najeriya na 2021 wanda aka yi shi bisa ga waɗanda suka rasa rayukansu a shirin MMM Ponzi na 2016. Toluwani Obayan ne ya rubuta shi, Vincent Okonkwo ne ya shirya shi, Kayode Kasum kuma ya ba da umarni. Ya fito a cikin jaruman Jide Kosoko, Chinyere Wilfred, Timini Egbuson, Tope Tedela, Broda Shaggi da Mr Macaroni . An fitar da shi a gidan wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 12 ga Maris, 2021. 

## Makirci
Abeke mai ba da labari ya gabatar da mazaunan kusa. Cif Olaoba hamshakin attajirin dan siyasa ne da ke yin watsi da buƙatun al’ummar da yake wakilta. Sai dai yakan fito lokaci-lokaci don raba kudi ga mazabarsa. Bob ya dawo daga kasashen waje kuma ya sami amincewar mazauna kusa kuma ya shawo kan su don saka hannun jari a cikin wani shiri na gaggawa na arziki mai suna Richvest. Wannan yana haifar da jerin abubuwan da ba a zata ba. 

## Ƴan wasan kwaikwayo

* Jide Kosoko a matsayin Olaoba, mahaifin Abeke
* Chinyere Wilfred a matsayin Misis Olaoba, mahaifiyar Abeke
* Mawuli Gavor a matsayin Rob, mai dawowa
* Timini Egbuson a matsayin Ikenna, wanda ke zaune tare da babban yayansa Uchenna.
* Mr Macaroni a matsayin Uchenna, malamin darasi
* Immaculate Oko-Kasum a matsayin Zara, matar Uchenna mai tsananin ciki
* Tope Tedela a matsayin Tafa, dan uwan Zara, mai siyar da kebab wanda ke fatan ya zama mai dafa abinci.
* Broda Shaggi a matsayin Chudi, mawaƙin da ke tafe
* Amanda Dara as Oluchi
* Uzoamaka Aniunoh as Abeke
* Zubby Michael a matsayin Charles, ɗan hustler da rance shark
* Eso Dike as Ikenna
* Caroline Igben as Nike
* Namisi Govin Emma as Uche

## Samarwa da fitarwa
Fim ɗin ya dogara ne akan abubuwan da 'yan Najeriya suka fuskanta a lokacin shirin MMM na 2016 akan layi wanda ya yi alƙawarin samun kashi 30% na riba daga saka hannun jari. Shirin ya lalace ba da gangan ba kuma ya jefa masu biyan kuɗi cikin damuwa. A cikin wata hira, mai shirya fim ɗin, ya ce aikin an yi shi ne don wayar da kan 'yan Najeriya don guje wa shirye-shiryen samun kuɗi cikin sauri.  An ɗauki hotonsa a Legas amma an shirya shi a Ota, Jihar Ogun .  

An yi amfani da fasahar muryar fim ɗin yayin da Uzo Aniunoh ya kasance ƴan wasan kwaikwayo kuma mai ba da labari. An yi amfani da wannan dabarar a cikin fina-finai kamar *Fight Club* da *Memento* .

## Liyafar maraba
A cikin wani bita na *[[Nigerian Entertainment Today|Nishaɗi na Najeriya a Yau]]*, Jerry Chiemeke ya rubuta "Hanya daya da masu sauraro za su ji daɗin wannan fim shine su rufe idanunsu ga kurakuran fasaha - kuma suna da yawa. Wataƙila za su yi dariya (da yawa), amma a ƙarshe, fim mai kyau ya wuce giggles, kuma idan ya zo ga rarraba fina-finai na Nollywood, wannan ba zai zama ɗaya daga cikin ainihin abubuwan tunawa ba." Ya kimanta fim ɗin a 6/10.

### Lambobin yabo da nadin mukamai

## Manazarta
Ko kuma ha-Ma'arav

**Ko ha-Ma’arav** ( Hebrew ) ko La Lumière du Maroc jaridar Yahudawa ce ta wata-wata da ’yan’uwan Hadida suka buga a cikin Judeo-Larabci daga 1922 zuwa 1924 a Casablanca, Maroko. [1] [2] Layin edita ya kasance Sihiyoniya . [3] Hukumomin Faransa sun rufe shi . [3]

## Duba kuma

* *L'Avenir Illustré*

## Manazarta
Adejoke Tugbiyele

**Adejoke Aderonke Tugbiyele** (an haife ta ranar 4 ga Disamba, 1977) **’**yar Najeriya-Amurka ce kuma maigidar fasaha mai fannonin da dama tare da kasancewa **’**yar gwagwarmaya. Ana santa musamman a matsayin maƙeriyar gumaka (sculptor), mawaƙiyar kwaikwayo (performer), da mai yin fina-fina**i**, amma ta kuma yi aiki a fannonin zane, zanen hannu, da kayan yadi. Ayyukanta suna tabo batutuwan haƙƙin ɗan adam, haƙƙin masu kiran kansu queer, da haƙƙin mata. Tana zaune a Ouagadougou, a Burkina Faso. 

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Adejoke Aderonke Tugbiyele a ranar 4 ga Disamba, 1977, a Brooklyn, Birnin New York, New York .  A lokacin da take da shekaru hudu, ta koma tare da iyalinta zuwa Legas, Najeriya kuma ta zauna a can har sai da ta kai shekara 11. A makarantar sakandare, ta koma Birnin New York don halartar Makarantar Fasaha da Zane. Ita 'yar luwaɗi ce.

### Ilimi
Tugbiyele tana da digiri na BS (2002) a cikin gine-gine daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta New Jersey;  da kuma digiri na MA (2013) daga Makarantar Sculpture ta Rinehart a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Maryland (MICA). 

### Haɗin ƙungiya
Tugbiyele tana da alaƙa da ƙungiyar agajin Najeriya, Initiative for Equal Rights, wadda ke ba da taimakon gaggawa ga ’yan Najeriya masu LGBT. Ta yi aiki a matsayin wakilin Amurka na Solidarity Alliance for Human Rights, hadin gwiwar kungiyoyin Najeriya da ke aiki don kare hakkin dan adam, kare hakkin dan Adam da kuma gwagwarmaya, da kuma yaki da cutar kanjamau / AIDS. Har ila yau, ita ma juriya ce kuma mai ba da shawara ga wata kungiya da ke tallafawa masu zane-zane a Najeriya da ake kira Asusun Masu zane-zane na Queer . 

### Ayyukan fasaha
Ayyukan Tugbiyele sun sami rinjaye daga masu fasaha ciki har da El Anatsui, Fela Kuti, Ai Weiwei, Kara Walker, Zanele Muholi, da Rotimi Fani-Kayode . 

Ayyukanta suna cikin tarin kayan tarihi na jama'a daban-daban, gami da Gidan Tarihi na Brooklyn,  da Gidan kayan gargajiya na zamani, Warsaw. 

## Kyaututtuka
* 2024: Joan Mitchell Center Artist Residency in New Orleans 
* 2019: Prix Lieridon Grand Prize
* 2016: Joan Mitchell Painters and Sculptors Grant 

## Haɗin waje
Adejoke Tugbiyelea kanInstagram

## Manazarta
Yakubu Chemla

**Jacob Chemla** ( Arabic ; 1858–1938) [1] ɗan wasan yumbun Bayahude ne ɗan Tunisiya, haka nan marubuci, ɗan jarida kuma mai fassara a cikin Larabci na Yahudanci-Tunisiya .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Duk da cewa dangin Chemla asalinsu daga Djerba ne,  Jacob Chemla ya yi aiki a matsayin wakilin shari'a na masu shigar da ƙara na Bethdin na Tunis . Chemla ƙwararren mai taimakon jama'a ne a cikin al'ummar Yahudawa ta Tunis, yana aiki a matsayin memba na kafa Asibitin Yahudawa na Tunis da sauran ayyukansa.

### Ɗan jarida, marubuci, mai fassara

A shekara ta 1878, Chemla ya fara aikin jarida tare da surukinsa, Messaoud Maarek . Fiye da shekaru talatin, har zuwa 1925, ya taimaka wajen kawo ci gaba a cikin adabin Larabci na Judeo-Tunisia . Ya buga littattafai guda biyu, *Amour et malty* (Love and Malice) a shekara ta 1912 da *Les Cœurs purs* (The Pure Hearts) a shekara ta 1923. Chemla ya fassara lakabi da yawa zuwa Ibrananci da Larabci na Judeo-Tunisia, gami da *Yahudawan Spain a Lokacin Inquisition* da The Count of Monte Cristo, waɗanda ya fara fitarwa a matsayin jerin littattafai kuma daga baya gaba ɗaya a cikin shekarun 1880.

Wataƙila Chemla ya shahara sosai a ƙasar Tunisia saboda ayyukansa na tukwane. Bey ya naɗa mahaifinsa Haïm Chemla a shekarun 1860 a matsayin mai karɓar haraji ga Masu Sana'a na Tunisiya (wanda galibi yakan biya da gudummawar tukwane). Haim Chemla yakan biya Bey daidai da harajin da yake karɓa a tsabar kuɗi yayin da yake sake sayar da tukwanen da ya tattara. 

Jacob Chemla ya bi sawun mahaifinsa a kusan shekarar 1880, lokacin da ya buɗe shago a Place des Potiers à Tunis,.   A shekarar 1887, gwamnatin Tunisiya ta ba shi kwangilar taimakawa wajen farfaɗo da kayayyakin yumbu na gargajiya.  A lokacin yaƙin basasa, an mayar da kayan zuwa Faransa Algeria da Amurka, kuma kamfanin ya gabatar da su a baje kolin kayayyaki a shekarar 1925, 1931 da 1937. Tayal ɗin yumbu na Chemla sun ƙawata gidajen attajirai a Tunis, Sidi Bou Said da La Marsa .  Tun daga shekarar 1910, nasararsa ta kai ga Amurka kuma tayal ɗinsa na yumbu sun zama siffofi a cikin gine-ginen gidaje masu zaman kansu masu wadata daga Florida zuwa California, amma kuma an yi musu ado da kasuwanci kamar Renaissance Ballroom &amp;amp; Casino "Rennie" mallakar baƙar fata mallakar William H. Roach, New-York Hotel McAlpin (otal mafi girma a duniya a lokacinsa), Royal Hawaiian Hotel da ke Honolulu,  amma kuma Santa Barbara Court House. 

Ya kawo 'ya'yansa maza Victor (1892-1954), Albert (1894-1963) da Moïse (Mouche) (1897-1977) zuwa harkar iyalin.  Bayan mutuwar Victor da Albert zuwa Algeria a shekarun 1930, Moise ya gaji mahaifinsa kuma ya sake masa suna *Les fils de J. Chemla* ('Ya'yan Jacob Chemla), wanda ke aiki a matsayin kasuwancin iyali har zuwa 1966. A shekarun 1960, Shugaban Tunisiya Habib Bourguiba ya yi kwangilar kamfanin don sanya allunan yumbu a Fadar Carthage .

## Manazarta
Saadia Ibn Danan

**Rabbi Sadiyah ben Maimon ben Hebrew** ) (an haife shi a rabin ƙarni na 15 a Granada, Spain - ya mutu a shekara ta 1493(?) a Oran, Algeria ) ƙwararren masanin nahawu ne na Ibrananci da Larabci, mawaƙi kuma masanin halacci . Ya yi aiki a matsayin dayan a Granada, kuma bayan korar Yahudawa daga Spain ya zauna a Oran. Daga cikin ayyukansa akwai Responsa na rabbinic, ƙamus na Talmudic mai suna Sepher Arukh, yana aiki akan nahawun Ibrananci da baitin Ibrananci, da kuma ƙamus na Ibrananci da aka rubuta da Larabci. Shi ne marubuci na farko da ya kwatanta mitar Ibrananci da takwararsa ta Larabci.

## Manazarta

* Ibn Danan, Sadiya. *Ad-Daruri fi-l-Lughah-al-'Ibraniyyah* / *Sepher ha-Shorashim* (Granada: Universidad de Granada, 1996).
* Ibn Danan, Sadiya. *Seder ha-dorot* (Madrid: Aben Ezra Ediciones, 1997).
* "Ko Danan, Sa'adyah ben Maimon", Article in *Encyclopaedia Hebraica*
* "Ibn Dannan, Saadiah ben Maimun", Article in *Encyclopaedia Judaica*
Joseph ibn Naḥmias

**Yusufu Nahmias** (kuma Yusufu bn Yusufu ibn Nahmias ) malamin Toledo ne na ƙarni na 14, Castile, ɗalibin Ashiru ben Jehiel . An fi saninsa da aikin falaki a cikin Larabci, Nūr al-'Ālam ("Hasken Duniya") tsakanin c. 1330 da 1350, wanda wani malami da ba a san sunansa ya fassara shi zuwa Ibrananci ba daga baya a karni na 14. Naḥmias kuma shi ne marubucin sharhi a kan Pentateuch, a kan Pirkei Avot da kuma kan Karin Magana .

Yusufu b. Ibrahim ibn Naḥmias sunan wani tsohon Joseph ben Joseph ibn Naḥmias ne, wanda shi ma yake zaune a Toledo, abokin aikin Judah ne da Yakubu ben Asher, kuma ya rubuta sharhi kan Esther a shekara ta 1326 ko 1327.

## Manazarta

* Robert G. Morrison, "Tsarin Rana a cikin 'Hasken Duniya' na Joseph Ibn Joseph Ibn Nahmias", *Kimiyyar Larabci da Falsafa* 15 (2005), 57 &#x2013; 108.
* Robert G. Morrison (ed. da trans.), *Hasken Duniya: Ilimin Taurari a cikin al-Andalus*, Jami'ar California Press (2016).
* JS Raisin, Meyer Kayserling, Isidore Singer, Joseph Jacobs, NAḤMIAS (NAAMIAS, NAHMIAS) a cikin *Littafin Yahudawa*, vol. 9 (1905), shafi.&nbsp;145.
Natan'el al-Fayyumi

**Natanʾel al-Fayyumi** ( Arabic ), b. c. 1090 -d. c. 1165 ) shine marubucin Lambun masu hankali na Yaman a ƙarni na goma sha biyu ( גן השכלים ). Koyi ne na littafin Duties of Zuciya na Bahya ibn Paquda wanda al-Fayyumi ya tsara a cikin larabci na Yahudiya-Yaman na tsakiyar zamanai don yakar wasu daga cikin ka'idoji da rukunan Yahudanci na Rabbini wanda Ibn Paquda ya bayyana. Ya rubuta a babi na uku cewa haxuwar Allah ta fi abin da ibn Paquda ya siffanta.

Marc B. Shapiro ya rubuta cewa aikin al-Fayyumi yana goyon bayan ra'ayoyin Jonathan Sacks game da addini.  Kamar Isma'ili Islam, addinin daular Banu Hamdan da ke mulkin yawancin Kudancin Arabiya na zamani, Natanʾel ya yi jayayya cewa Allah ya aiko da annabawa daban-daban ga al'ummomin duniya daban-daban, kowannensu yana ɗauke da dokoki da suka dace da takamaiman halin kowace al'umma.  Kowanne mutum ya kamata ya kasance mai biyayya ga addininsa; an daidaita koyarwar duniya baki ɗaya zuwa takamaiman yanayi da gogewar kowace al'umma.

Duk da haka, yarda da matsayin Muhammadu a matsayin annabi a fili da al-Fayyumi ya yi na musamman na iya zama na musamman, kuma ba a san shi ba har zuwa kwanan nan fiye da ƙasarsa ta Yemen.  Yosef Qafih, edita kuma mai fassara littafin Fayyumi Judeo-Larabci *Bustān al-ʿUqul*, ya yi iƙirarin cewa saboda ƙoƙarin da Musulmai ke yi na kama Yahudawa suna faɗin wani abu da ya saɓa wa imaninsu - wanda ya ce Muhammadu annabin ƙarya ne za a yi masa hukunci da kisa - Nathanʾel ya tilasta wa mutanensa muhawara da amsoshi da za su cece su daga tarko.  

Koyarwar Musulunci tana magana ne game da jerin wahayi na annabci na juyin halitta, wanda ya ƙare a zamanin Almasihu Qa'im Al Muhammad, wanda zai haɗa dukkan bil'adama wajen amincewa da Allah. Koyarwar Ismaili ta yarda cewa gaskiya ɗaya ta addini ta duniya tana cikin tushen addinai daban-daban. Kowane wahayi na tarihi yana taka rawa wajen shirya hanyar zuwa ga wannan gaskiyar ta duniya.

A cikin tsara guda ɗaya, ɗan Natan'el Yakubu ya tilasta wa Maimonides ya nemi shawara cikin gaggawa kan yadda za a magance sabon rikicin addini da kuma tilasta musu tuba wanda ke barazana ga Yahudawan Yemen, musayar ra'ayi wanda ya sa Maimonides ya rubuta *wasiƙarsa mai suna zuwa Yemen* . Wasiƙun da tattaunawar ilimi tsakanin Jacob, Maimonides, da Saladin sun yi tasiri mai ɗorewa ga Yahudancin Yemen.

## Asalin Ma'anar
Akwai takaddama tsakanin Yosef Qafih da masanin tarihi Yehuda Ratzaby game da asalin nisba *al-Fayyūmī* . A cewar Ratzaby, kalmar sihiri ce da aka samo daga sunan asalin kakanninsa, Faiyum a Masar. Qafih, wanda ya ƙi amincewa, yana tunanin sunan kawai sunan da aka ba wa mahaifin Natan'el, wanda aka sanya masa suna "Fayyumi," sunan da aka sanya wa yara da yawa a Yemen a lokacin saboda ƙaunar da mutane ke yi wa Saadia Gaon al-Fayyumi.

## Duba kuma

* Ra'ayoyin Yahudawa game da Muhammadu
* Alaƙar Musulunci da Yahudawa
* Addini da yawa

## Manazarta
Romilda of Friuli

**Romilda ko Ramhilde** (ya mutu a shekara ta 611), matar Duchess ce ta Friuli ta hanyar auren Duke Gisulf na biyu na Friuli. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai mulkin Friuli a shekara ta 611, a lokacin mamayar Pannonian Avars.

An ruwaito Romilda 'yar Garibald na ɗaya ce ta Bavaria. Ta auri Gisulf na biyu na Friuli, kuma ta zama mahaifiyar 'ya'yan Tasso, Kakko, Radoald da Grimoald, da kuma 'ya'yan Appa da Geila (ko Gaila), sun auri Sarkin Alemanni (wanda ba shi da tabbas) da kuma Yariman Bavaria, wataƙila Garibald na biyu na Bavaria.

A shekara ta 611, Avars na Pannonian sun mamaye Duchy na Friuli a ƙarƙashin sarkinsu Bayan na biyu, wanda ake kira "Cacan" a cikin labarin gargajiya na Romilda. Gisulf na biyu ya mutu a fagen daga, kuma Avars sun kewaye babban birnin Friuli, wanda Romilda ya kare, wanda ya ɗauki ragamar mulki a matsayin mai mulki. Romilda ya shahara da bai wa sarkin Avarian Bayan II tayin mika birnin cikin lumana, idan ya karɓi tayin zaman lafiya da ta yi ta hanyar aure a tsakaninsu. Bayan II ya karɓi tayin, kuma aka ɗage katangar. Duk da haka, lokacin da Romilda ya miƙa birnin, Bayan II ya yi wa Friuli fashi, wanda ya karya alkawarinsa. An ruwaito cewa ya kwana ɗaya tare da Romilda ya yi mata fyade, bayan haka ya bar sojojinsa su yi mata fyade. Bayan haka, an yi iƙirarin cewa ya kashe ta ta hanyar rataye ta. [1] 'Ya'yanta sun sami nasarar tserewa.

An ba Romilda mummunan suna a tarihi saboda Paul Deacon, wanda a cikin tarihinsa na ƙarni na gaba ya yi iƙirarin cewa ta yi tayin aure da Bayan II saboda sha'awarta, kuma ta ci amanar birninta saboda sha'awar jima'i. [2] Duk da haka, yin sulhu ta hanyar shawarar haɗin gwiwa na aure a zahiri hanya ce ta siyasa da aka saba kuma aka yarda da ita a lokacin, [3] lokacin da auren diflomasiyya ya kasance al'adar sarauta.

## Manazarta
Makarantar Bishop Bowers

**Makarantar Bishop Bowers** makaranta ce mai zaman kanta a ƙarƙashin Archdiocese na Katolika na Accra . Missionary Sisters, Servants of the Holy Spirit, wacce aka fi sani da suna SSpS, ce ta kafa ta a shekarar 1975.  Tun lokacin da aka kafa ta, Missionary Sisters daga cocin addini a cikin Cocin Katolika ke jagorantar ta. Bishop Bowers makaranta ce ta shirye-shirye tare da sashen makarantar renon yara, firamare da sakandare .  Sashen renon yara da firamare yana cikin Lartebiokorshie,  kuma makarantar sakandare ta sakandare tana cikin Korle-Bu .

## Tarihi
An kafa Makarantar Bishop Bowers ta hannun 'Yan'uwa Mata Masu Wa'azi, Masu Ba da Ruhu Mai Tsarki, a shekarar 1975.  An sanya mata suna bayan Marigayi Bishop Emeritus na Accra, Bishop Joseph Oliver Bowers, don tunawa da ƙoƙarinsa na haɓaka ilimi a cikin cocin Katolika na lokacin Accra (wanda yanzu shine babban cocin Katolika na Accra).  A watan Satumba na 1975, Sis. Virginalis, SspS daga Netherlands, tare da malamai biyar da ma'aikatan ofis biyu sun ƙaura daga makarantar 'yar'uwa ta Makarantar St. Theresa don fara makarantar.  Makarantar ta buɗe ƙofofinta ga ɗalibai 226 daga makarantar renon yara zuwa aji na 5. Waɗannan ɗaliban ne waɗanda ke zaune a kusa da Larterbiorkorshie, Mamprobi da Korle-Bu, amma sun halarci Makarantar St. Thera (wanda Missionary Sisters, Servants of the Holy Spirit suka kafa) a Arewacin Kaneshie. 

## Manhaja ta koyarwa
Manhajar koyarwa da ake amfani da ita wajen bai wa ɗalibai da ɗalibai ilimin asali ta yi daidai da manhajar Hukumar Ilimi ta Ghana (GES) da aka amince da ita don shirya Jarrabawar Takaddun Shaidar Ilimi na Asali (BECE), wadda Majalisar Jarrabawar Yammacin Afirka (WAEC) ke gudanarwa, wadda ake buƙata don samun shiga manyan makarantun sakandare. 

## Babban Firamare
Babban sashen yana nan a lamba ta 3 Hutton Mills Street, Zoti, Lartebiokorshie. Yana da manyan tubalan guda uku waɗanda suka ƙunshi gudanarwa, azuzuwan karatu da ɗakin taro, dakin gwaje-gwaje na kwamfuta, kanti, bandakuna, ɗakin karatu da ɗakin taro na ma'aikata. Akwai kuma babban filin wasa. 

## Makarantar sakandare ta Junior
A shekarar 1987, an aika da buƙatar sakin fili don kafa makarantar sakandare ta ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ga sakataren lafiya ta hannun mai kula da lafiya na asibitin koyarwa na Korle-Bu. An bayar da fili kusa da gidajen ma'aikatan jinya don gina makarantar sakandare ta Bishop Bowers. 

## Tsarin aji
Sashen makarantun firamare da na sakandare duka suna da azuzuwan da ke da rafuka biyu. An sanya wa azuzuwan KG1 suna ne bayan waɗanda suka kafa Missionary Sisters Servants of the Holy Spirit .

An sanya wa azuzuwan KG2 suna ne bayan ƙungiyar 'yan'uwa mata ta cocin Holy Spirit Missionary Congregation da suka fara isa Ghana a shekarar 1946.

Kowanne ajin firamare ana sanya masa suna ne bayan fure.

An sanya wa azuzuwan ƙananan makarantun sakandare suna ne saboda waliyyai, domin ƙarfafa ɗabi'u masu kyau. 

## Jerin shugabannin makarantu na baya da na yanzu

* 'Yar'uwa Virginalis SspS
* 'Yar'uwa Velma SSpS
* Yar'uwa Mary Lauren SspS
* 'Yar'uwa Theresa SspS
* Yar'uwa Juliana Agbozo SspS
* Yar'uwa Mercy Benson SspS
* Sis. Matilda Quist SSpS

## Manazarta
Dodds Horsley Star (locomotive)

***Star*** wani jirgin ƙasa ne da Isaac Dodds ya tsara na tsarin 2-2-0 kuma aka gina shi a shekarar 1833 a Horsley Coal amp; Iron Company, Tipton, Birmingham, Ingila. Duk da sake gina shi, bai taɓa samun nasara ba, kuma an lalata shi a shekarar 1840.

## Tarihi
Isaac Dodds ya fara aiki da Kamfanin Horsely Iron a lokacin bazara na 1832, kuma da alama yana da sauƙin sauƙaƙe oda daga ko'ina cikin Tsibirin Burtaniya. A shekara ta 1833, Kamfanin Jirgin Ƙasa na Liverpool da Manchester, wani babban kamfanin aikin layin dogo na wancan lokacin, ya buɗe gasa don sabon ƙirar jirgin ƙasa. Shigar da Dodd ya tsara ta Horsley ta alama ita ce mafi kyau, tare da sabbin sabbin abubuwa da aka yi iƙirarin sun haɗa da firam ɗin farantin zamiya, faɗaɗa faranti na haɗin boiler a ƙarshen akwatin wuta, da silinda masu kwance da aka sanya a waje da firam ɗin. An fara gwada *Tauraron* Jirgin Ƙasa da aka samu a kan Jirgin Ƙasa na Liverpool da Manchester (L&MR).

### Liverpool da Manchester
Wani mummunan hatsari ya faru a kan L&MR lokacin da aka saita maki ba daidai ba kuma *Star* ta yi karo da inda ta bar duka biyun sun lalace sosai, wani injin ya mutu, da kuma wani makaniki da ƙafarsa ta murƙushe. Hatsarin ya faru ne a kusa da Fabrairu/Maris 1835 da L&MR, yayin da suke son biyan kuɗi don gyara ba su shirya siyan *Star ba.* 

### Dublin da Kingstown
Daga baya Dublin da Kingstown Railway (D&KR) suka sayi *Star* a watan Afrilun 1835. Kafin a buɗe layin, daraktocin D&KR sun sami shawara daga masu ba su shawara kan adadin jiragen ƙasa da ake buƙata don layinsu. Kamar yadda Rastrick ya ƙayyade huɗu kuma Charles Blacker Vignoles ya ba da shawarar cewa daraktocin takwas sun amince da matsakaicin shida, kodayake D&KR daga baya sun amince da tara. Haɗarin jiragen ƙasa biyu a watan Maris na 1835 tare da matsalolin kulawa da ke ci gaba da faruwa ya bar D&KR da ƙarancin wutar lantarki. A watan Mayu na 1835, Pollock, wakilin mamallakin *Star* Horlseys, ya ba da tayin jirgin ƙasa don ƙara yawan kayansu. Magatakardar Kamfanin D&KR Bergin shi ma injiniya ne kuma a Ingila a lokacin, kuma ya ba da shawarar siyan *Star* ; a ƙarshe an karɓi tayin £700.

*Star* ta isa Ireland a watan Satumba na 1835. Injin ba shi da tsari mai kyau tare da tayoyi marasa aminci, sandunan lanƙwasa da kayan aikin bawul da aka gyara ba daidai ba, kuma a lokacin da aka duba Bergin ya ce D&KR ba za ta biya shi ba har sai an kammala gwaje-gwajen gyara da karɓa. An kammala biyan kuɗi a watan Disamba na 1836.

An ba wa shugaban kula da manyan motoci John Melling ƙarin kuɗi a watan Fabrairun 1838 saboda sake gina *Star* . Duk da haka, *Star* ta fuskanci matsala guda biyar, ɗaya da karyewar gatari, har sai da ta yi karo da motar *Victoria* a watan Yunin 1840. Binciken ya nuna cewa akwai tsadar gyara sosai, wanda ya ta'azzara rashin isasshen gyare-gyare a baya da kuma wasu sassa da suka lalace. An lalata *Star* daga baya a wannan shekarar,

## Manazarta
Tafa Balogun

**Mustafa Adebayo Balogun** (25 ga watan Agusta shekara ta 1947 - 4 ga watan Agusta shekara ta 2022), wanda aka fi sani da Kumawu, jami'in 'yan sanda ne na Najeriya, Sufeto Janar na 11 daga watan Maris na shekara ta 2002, amma an tilasta masa yin ritaya saboda yawan zarge-zargen cin hanci da rashawa a watan Janairun shekara ta 2005.

## Tarihi
Balogun ya halarci Jami'ar Legas, inda ya kammala karatu a shekarar 1972 da digiri na farko (B.A.) a fannin Kimiyyar Siyasa. Ya shiga rundunar 'yan sanda ta Najeriya a watan Mayu 1973. Yayinda yake aikin 'yan sanda, ya sami digiri na shari'a daga Jami'ar Ibadan. Bayan ya yi aiki a wurare daban-daban a faɗin ƙasar, ya zama Babban Jami’in Ma’aikata na Sufeto Janar na 'Yan Sanda na lokacin, Muhammadu Gambo. Daga nan ya zama Mataimakin Kwamishinan 'yan Sanda a Jihar Edo, sannan Kwamishinan 'yan sanda na farko a Jihar Delta sannan a Jihar Rivers da Jihar Abia. An nada shi Mataimakin Sufeto Janar na 'yan sanda a Yankin Daya na Kano, matsayin da ya rike lokacin da aka inganta shi zuwa Sufeto Janara na' yan sanda a ranar 6 ga Maris 2002.

A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2001, a matsayinsa na AG, Balogun ya tabbatar wa manema labarai cewa akwai tanadi donmin tabbatar da lafiyar 'yan kasuwa a Najeriya ta hanyar wata kungiya mai suna Diplomatic Corp da Foreign National Protection Unit.

## Manazarta
Princess Oghene

**Gimbiya Kelechi Oghene** wanda aka kuma sani da Gimbiya Oghene (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Yuli) 'yar kasuwa ce kuma mai kula da kayan ado ta Najeriya.  Ita ce ta kafa/samar da Kwalejin GMYT,  wata cibiyar kayan ado da ke da hedikwata a Jihar Legas, Najeriya. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Gimbiya Oghene a ranar 19 ga watan Yuli a Gusau, Jihar Zamfara amma asalinta ta fito ne daga Kudancin Najeriya, Jihar Delta. Ta yi karatun firamare da sakandare a Jihar Legas, inda ta kuma shafe mafi yawan yarintarta. A shekara ta 2010, ta kammala karatun ta daga Jami'ar Jihar Legas  da Digiri na Bachelors a cikin Harkokin Masana'antu da Gudanar da Ma'aikata. A shekara ta 2017, ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Legas. A cikin 2018, ta ci gaba zuwa Jami'ar Fasaha, Kwalejin Fashion ta London kuma daga nan, Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard.  A cikin 2024, ta sami takardar shaida a cikin dabarun kasuwanci na duniya daga makarantar kasuwanci ta duniya ta China (CEIBS).  

## Sana'a
Sha'awar Oghene ga harkan kayan ado ta fara ne tun tana ƙarama kuma mahaifiyarta ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen zaburar da ita. Ta fara shahara ne bayan ta zama fuskantar tallan sabulun Delta, tare da Sandra Okagbue.  Duk da haka, ta fara harkar kayan ado a hukumance ne a shekarar 2004 lokacin da ta bude kantin kayan ado nata. A shekara ta 2005, ta kafa makarantar horar da masu sana'ar kayan kawa wato GMYT Fashion Academy, duk da tana ci gaba da karatun digirinta a wancan lokacin. A cikin shekarar 2017, ta ƙaddamar da Gidauniyar GMYT, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke mai da hankali kan ƙarfafa mata da horar da 'yan kasuwa na zamani.  

A shekarar 2019, Women's Choice Awards Africa ta karrama ta a matsayin samfurin shekara (Model of the Year).  An kuma ba ta suna mai tsara kayan ado na shekara don Green October Event 2017 kuma an san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar ga masana'antar kayan ado a cikin 2016 Green October Event .

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2024, an ba Princess lambar yabo ta girmamawa daga Jami'ar Prowess Delaware a Afirka ta karkashin 40 CEO Awards da Summit wanda ita ma ta karɓa. 

## Manazarta
Llona

**Michael Ajuma Attah** (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga watan Disamba na shekarar 1996), wanda aka fi sani da **Llona**, mawaƙi ne daga Najeriya,   marubucin waƙa, kuma mai ɗaukar sauti.  An fi sanin sa da kundin wakar sa na farko mai suna  "Homeless" wanda ya kai matsayi na 11 a cikin jerin kundin waƙoƙi 100 mafi shahara na TurnTable charts a Najeriya.  Sautinsa da tunaninsa na lafiyar kwakwalwa ya sami tasiri sosai daga al'adun Arewacin Najeriya ta hanyar shekarun girma da ya yi a Jihar Kano.  

## Rayuwar farko
Micheal Ajuma Attah ɗan asalin Jihar Kogi ne, Najeriya, wanda ya girma a jihar Kano,  Llona ya kewaye kuma cakuda da tasirin gargajiya da na zamani wanda ya kargafa sha'awarsa ga labaru da kiɗa.  Tushensa na Arewa suna nunawa a cikin sahihancin sautinsa,  haɗuwa da Afro-pop tare da jigogi waɗanda ke da alaƙa da ƙalubale da burin matasa na zamani. 

## Ayyuka
A watan Yunin  shekarar 2024, Llona ya fitar da guda daya mai taken "Cold War" wanda ke nuna Fave wanda ya fara a kan tashar TurnTable Nigeria Top 100 a 97.  A ranar 25 ga watan Yuli, shekarar 2024, Llona ya fitar da kundi na farko, "Homeless" tare da amsa masu mahimmanci,   kundin waƙoƙi 12 ya haɗa da waƙoƙin "HBP" Remix tare da Bella Shmurda, "Cold War" tare da Fave, da "Wani Rana". "Homless" ya kai matsayi na 11 a kan TurnTable Official Top 100 Albums Chart a Najeriya wanda ya ba shi damar farko a kan Turntable artiste top 100 charts.

### Kundi

* *Homeless* (2024) 

## Manazarta
São Toméan Portuguese

**São Toméan Portuguese** (Portuguese: português santomense or ) is a dialect of Portuguese spoken in São Tomé and Príncipe.

Ya ƙunshi siffofi masu yawa na archaic a cikin furci, ƙamus, ƙamus، da haɗin kai, kamar Portuguese na Angola. Ya taɓa zama yaren masu mallakar *Roces* da aji na tsakiya, amma yanzu yaren ƙananan da na tsakiya ne, kamar yadda aji na sama ke amfani da furcin zamani na Portuguese, wanda yanzu kuma ƙananan da na matsakaici ke amfani da shi.

.

Harshen Portuguese shine mafi yawan magana da ingantawa a cikin tsibirin, wanda kashi 98.4% na yawan jama'a ke magana, gami da hanyar hukuma. Koyaya, iri-iri da aka zaɓa a matsayin manufa kuma an ɗora su da matsayi na zamantakewa har yanzu Portuguese ne na Turai, wanda ke haifar da jerin matsaloli, la'akari da cewa iri-iri ne daban-daban daga wannan halin yanzu a rayuwar yau da kullun na masu magana. Da yawa a São Tomé da Príncipe, iri-iri na harshen Portuguese sun fito ne daga amfani da kuma hulɗa da harsunan gida. Ana yawan magana da Portuguese na Turai a cikin yanayi na yau da kullun, a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, kasuwanci, ilimi, tsarin shari'a da majalisa, yayin da Sao Tomean Portuguese da Portuguese Creoles Forro Creole, Principense Creole, da Angolar Creole an fi son su don yanayi na al'ada a matsayin harshe na yau da kullum a rayuwar yau da kullun da kuma sauya lambar har ma yana faruwa tsakanin Creoles, misali na Turai Portuguese, da São Tomean a cikin magana ta al'ada.

## Fasahar sauti
Tsarin wasula a cikin Portuguese an kafa shi da wasula 7 a cikin mahallin tonic [i, u, e, o, ɛ, ɔ, a], wanda ke nisanta shi daga EP kuma yana kawo shi kusa da BP. Amma ga pretonic, a cikin Portuguese da ake magana a São Tomé da Príncipe, wasula 5 suna da wannan matsayi, suna da kama da BP [i, u, o, e, a]. Koyaya, ana iya ɗaga sautin tsakiya kuma a gane su a matsayin [i, u]. Game da tasowa a cikin wannan iri-iri, wannan tsari yana da alaƙa da rukunin shekaru na masu magana, tare da matasa su ne waɗanda suka fi yin shi, wanda ke nuna canji mai gudana. 

Pretonic a cikin São Tomé da Príncipe Portuguese yana nunawa ga saiti na wasula 3 kawai [i, u, a]. A cikin posttonic wanda ba na ƙarshe ba, akwai kuma karuwa a cikin sautunan tsakiya, a cewar marubucin. Don haka, Sao Tome Portuguese yana da wasula 3 a cikin wannan matsayi [i, u, a]. 

## Manazarta
Sophie Kinsella

**Madeleine Sophie Wickham** (12 Disamba 1969 - 10 Disamba 2025), wanda aka sani da sunanta na alkalami Sophie Kinsella, marubuciya Bature ce. An san ta musamman don mafi kyawun siyar da jerin litattafai na Shopaholic. Littattafai biyu na farko a cikin jerin, Sirrin Dreamworld na Shopaholic (2000) da Shopaholic Abroad (2001), an daidaita su cikin fim ɗin ikirari na Shopaholic (2009).
## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Madeleine Sophie Townley a ranar 12 ga Disamba 1969 a Roehampton, South West London ga iyayen David Townley da Patricia (née Kinsella), malami kuma malami bi da bi. Tana da gadon Irish na uwa. Ita ce babbar 'ya'ya mata uku; kannenta Gemma da Abigail Townley su ma marubuta ne.
Ta yi karatu a Sakandaren Putney, St Mary's School, Shaftesbury, Sherborne School for Girls, da New College, Oxford, inda ta fara karatun Kida, amma bayan shekara guda ta koma Falsafa, Siyasa da Tattalin Arziki (PPE), ta kammala karatun digiri na BA.
Ta yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida na kuɗi (ciki har da na Duniya na Fansho) kafin ta juya zuwa rubutun almara.
#### MANAZARTA
Shari'ar Mongelli

Michele Mongelli (an haife shi a shekara ta 1945) wani mutum ne daga Turin, Italiya, wanda aka kama a ranar 27 ga Maris, 2009 saboda zargin cin zarafin 'yarsa ta hanyar lalata da ita tsawon shekaru 25. An kuma kama ɗansa Giuseppe (an haife shi a shekara ta 1968) bisa zargin cin zarafin 'yar'uwarsa da 'ya'yansa mata huɗu. Saboda kamanceceniya, an kwatanta wannan shari'ar da shari'ar Fritzl a Austria da kuma shari'ar cin zarafin dangi ta Sheffield a Birtaniya.

An bai wa 'yar mai shekaru 34 sunan Laura daga manema labarai na Italiya da sauran kafofin watsa labarai. An tsare wadanda abin ya shafa a cikin yanayin bauta da rashin tausayi.

A watan Mayu na 2012 an yanke wa Michele Mongelli hukuncin daurin shekaru 10 a gidan yari, kuma an yanke wa ɗansa Giuseppe hukuncin shekaru 9.[4]

## Duba kuma
Jerin shari'o'in ɗaurin kurkuku na dogon lokaci.

## Manazarta
Joanna Trollope

**Joanna Trollope** (9 Disamba 1943 - 11 Disamba 2025) marubuciya ce ta Ingilishi. Ta kuma rubuta a ƙarƙashin sunan Caroline Harvey. 'Yar littafinta ta Parson Harding ta sami lambar yabo ta 1980 Novel Novel of the Year Award ta Ƙungiyar Marubuta ta Romantic.
## Rayuwar farko
An haifi oanna Trollope a ranar 9 ga Disamba 1943 a gidan kakanta a Minchinhampton, Gloucestershire, Ingila, 'yar Rosemary Hodson da Arthur George Cecil Trollope. Mahaifinta ya yi digiri na farko a jami'ar Oxford wanda ya zama shugaban karamar ginin jama'a. Mahaifiyarta ta kasance mai fasaha kuma marubuci. Mahaifinta ya tafi aikin yaki a Indiya lokacin da aka haife ta; ya dawo tana shekara uku. Iyalin sun zauna a Reigate, Surrey. Trollope yana da ƙane da kanwa. Ta yi karatu a makarantar Reigate County don 'yan mata, ta sami gurbin karatu zuwa Kwalejin St Hugh's, Oxford a 1961. Ta karanta Turanci.

Mahaifinta na iyali ɗaya ne da marubucin marubucin Victoria Anthony Trollope; ita ce 'yar uwarsa ta ƙarni na biyar, kuma ƙanwar marubuci ce kuma mai watsa shirye-shirye James Trollope. Na gaji sunan, ta ce:

"Abin ban mamaki sunana bai kasance wani taimako na ƙwararru ba kwata-kwata! Da alama bai kawo wani sauyi ba... Ina sha'awarsa sosai, duka saboda alherinsa da kuma fahimtarsa mai girma na tunani " 

## Manazarta
Garkuwa da ɗalibai a Kebbi 2025

A ranar 17 ga watan Nuwamba 2025, ƴan bindiga sun mamaye makarantar sakandare ta ƴan mata ta garin Maga, Wasagu / Danko karamar hukumar, Jihar Kebbi, Najeriya. Waɗanda suka kai harin sun kashe mataimakin shugaban makarantar, suka ji wa malami ɗaya rauni kuma suka sace ƴan mata 25 daga masaukin su.

## Ƙashin bayan shi
A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2025, ƴan bindiga sun mamaye makarantar kwana ta Maga da misalin karfe 4:00 na safe sun buɗe wuta, kuma sun kashe aƙalla malami ɗaya, sannan suka sace kusan ƴan mata 25 daga masaukin su.

## Abinda ya biyo baya
Kwanaki biyu bayan kwashe ɗaliban,  ƴan'mata biyu sun dawo lafiya ɗaya r ta gudo daga masu wadanda suka yi garkuwa dasu, yayin da ɗayar kuma ta ɓoye ne a lokacin da ƴan bindigar suka kawo hari, sai bayan ƙura ta lafa sai ta dawo. wannan yasa iyaye da dangi cikin baƙin ciki mara misaltuwa, suna neman a taimaka musu a dawo musu da ƴa'ƴansu cikin ƙoshin lafiya.

### Jita-jita
Anyi ta yada jita-jitar cewa baki ɗaya ƴan'matan da aka sace Kiristoci ne, sai dai shugaban ƙaramar hukumar Danko-Wasagu ya bayyana cewa ƴan matan dukkan su Musulmai ne, wannan yasa aka fitar da sunayen su a fili don duniya ta gani.

### Kuɓutar su
A ranar 25 ga watan Nuwamba, ƴan'matan su 24 sun kuɓuta daga hannun ƴan ta'addan, kuma gwamnatin jihar Kebbi ta miƙa su ga iyayensu.

## Manazarta
Taylor-Schechter 12.182

Siglum **Taylor-Schechter 12.182** ( **TS 12.182** ; wanda aka ambata a matsayin **TM nr. 62326** ; **LDAB id: 3490** ; **Rahlfs 2005** ) yana nuna rubutun da aka rubuta a kan takarda a cikin siffar codex .  Wannan shine mafi kyawun kwafin aikin Origen da ake kira Hexapla . An rubuta rubutun a ƙarni na 7 AD,  kuma shine mafi tsufa na rubutun hexapla.  An kammala hexapla kafin 240 AD.

## Tarihi
Guraben sun fito ne daga Masar, C. Taylor ne ya buga su a cikin littafinsa na Ibrananci-Girkanci Cairo Genizah Palimpsests, Cambridge, 1900, shafi na 19.&nbsp;54–65. 

## Bayani
Wannan an rubuta shi a cikin tsarin codex wanda aka rubuta a kan takarda . Ya ƙunshi Zabura 22 (LXX 21): fol 15-18. Recto, fol 19-24 da fol 25-28. B a juzu'i, da ginshiƙan tsakiya, ginshiƙai 2-5 na Hexapla.  

## Tetragrammaton ΠΙΠΙ

An rubuta rubutun da Girkanci na Koine, kuma sunan Allah abin lura ne, yana ɗauke da tetragrammaton a cikin haruffan Girkanci "Pipi" ( ΠΙΠΙ ). A cewar Jerome, wasu rubuce-rubucen Septuagint an rubuta Sunan Allah ta wannan hanyar. Jerome ya ambaci cewa wasu rubuce-rubucen Girkanci sun ƙunshi haruffan Ibrananci na YHWH ( yodh he waw he ; יהוה ), [1] kuma cewa wannan zai iya ɓatar da wasu masu karatu na Girka su karanta YHWH a matsayin PIPI ( ΠΙΠΙ ; pi iota pi iota ), tunda Ibrananci YHWH (an rubuta daga dama zuwa hagu) yayi kama da PIPI na Girkanci (an rubuta daga hagu zuwa dama). [2] A cewar Pavlos D. Vasileiadis da Nehemiah Gordon, rubutun yana da "nomen sacrum κ[ύριε] da yod na Ibrananci mai layi ɗaya na יהוה (YHWH), sai kuma πιπι Wannan haɗin canji yana wakiltar Tetragrammaton a cikin Zabura 22:20 [LXX 21:20] ta hanyoyi uku daban a cikin ginshiƙin Septuagint na Hexapla na Origen, wanda aka adana a cikin wani rubutu a cikin Alkahira Genizah.

## Ainihin wurin da ake
A yau ana ajiye shi a Laburare na Jami'ar Cambridge a matsayin wani ɓangare na Tarin Genizah na Taylor-Schechter Cairo (Laburaren Jami'ar Cambridge TS 12.182).

## Duba kuma

* Rubutun Septuagint
* Ambrosiano O 39 sup.
* Hexapla

## Manazarta
Al-Andalus Media

**Al-Andalus Media** ( Arabic     ), wanda kuma aka fi sani da **Al-Andalus Media Production Foundation** ( Arabic     ) ita ce sashen farfagandar jihadi ga ƙungiyar masu fafutukar jihadi ta Al-Qaeda a yankin Maghreb wanda ke ƙirƙirar saƙonnin bidiyo da sauti waɗanda suka shafi rikicin da ke faruwa a yanzu da kuma batutuwan da ke tattare da mutane, musamman Musulmai, a Arewacin Afirka . 

## Tarihi
An kafa sashen kafa kafofin watsa labarai a watan Afrilun 2010, wanda aka sanya wa suna bayan wilaya ta Musulunci ta Al-Andalus, inda aka fara fitar da shirin bidiyo mai suna "Inuwar Takuba", inda bidiyon ya nuna hare-haren da aka kai wa sojojin Aljeriya da sojojin Faransa da kuma magance matsalolin Musulmi a Aljeriya, Nijar, da Libya . Bidiyon farko ya nuna ayyukan da ake yi a kan 'yan sanda da sojojin Aljeriya tare da hotunan Abu Yahya al-Libi da Ayman al-Zawahiri . [1] Kafa Al-Andalus Media a matsayin reshen kafofin watsa labarai na hukuma na Al-Qaeda a Maghreb ya zo da irin wannan tushe na 'yan uwantaka na As-Sahab, Al-Malahem Media, da Al-Kataib Media Foundation . [2] [3] Gidauniyar ta fitar da kafofin watsa labarai a cikin harsunan Ingilishi, Larabci, Sifaniyanci, da Faransanci . [4] Yayin da take samar da kafofin watsa labarai a cikin waɗannan harsuna huɗu, tana kuma samar da kafofin watsa labarai ta hanyar bidiyo, sauti, hotuna, da rubutu yayin da take ba da sadarwa ga sauran 'yan ta'adda da ke da alaƙa da ƙungiyoyin Al-Qaeda da Al-Qaeda. [5] Tare da labaran da aka fitar, Al-Andalus Media ta yi hadin gwiwa da Al-Fajr Media don fitar da labarai. [6]

## Manazarta
Cibiyar watsa labarai ta Al-Furat

**Al-Furat Media Center**, or **Furat Media Foundation** ( Arabic   للإعلام       ), wata ƙungiyar kafofin watsa labarai ce ta Daular Musulunci da aka kafa a watan Janairun 2015.   Cibiyar Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai ta Al-Furat tana samar da bidiyo, sauti, da kayan karatu a harsuna da yawa; Rashanci,  Kazakh, Turkiyya, Kyrgyzstan, Tajik, da Indonesiya, ban da Larabci da Ingilishi .

## Tarihi
A lokacin bazara na 2016, Cibiyar Watsa Labarai ta Al-Furat ta ƙaddamar da Mujallar Al-Fatihin a cikin harshen Indonesiya . [1] A ranar 17 ga Janairu, 2016, Cibiyar Watsa Labarai ta Al-Furat ta fitar da nasheed mai suna ( Turkish ). [2] Wannan nasheed yana magana ne game da kashe kafiran Musulunci da kuma cika hanyoyi da jini. A ranar 19 ga Satumba, 2018, Al-Furat ta fitar da wani nasheed na Ingilishi mai suna "Wannan ' Ibadah ' ce". [3] A ranar 13 ga Mayu, 2022, Gidauniyar Al-Furat Media Foundation za ta fitar da wani bidiyo a Telegram mai taken "Saƙo ga Yammacin Kafiri" ( Arabic ). [4]

## Manazarta
Ar-Raud

**Ar-Raud** ( Arabic         ) wanda aka fi sani da **ar-Raud Media Archive** ( Arabic     ) wani rumbun adana bayanai ne na dukkan wallafe-wallafe (bidiyo, rahotannin labarai, mujallu, da sauransu) na Daular Musulunci .

## Tarihi
An kafa Ar-Raud Media Archive a shekarar 2021, inda ya maye gurbin gidan yanar gizon Al-Elokab [1] tare da haɗin gwiwar Daular Musulunci don yaɗa farfagandar Daular Musulunci. Gidan yanar gizon ya ɗauki nauyin bidiyo da Cibiyar Watsa Labarai ta Al-Hayat, Cibiyar Watsa Labarai ta Al-Furat, Gidauniyar Watsa Labarai ta Al-I'tisam, da Cibiyar Watsa Labarai ta Al-Furqan suka yi, ciki har da nasheeds da Alqur'ani mai girma daga Gidauniyar Ajnad Media da Gidauniyar Asdaa ta nasheeds. Haka kuma ya haɗa da wani ɓangare na abubuwan da ƙungiyoyin kafofin watsa labarai masu goyon bayan Daular Musulunci suka yi kamar Al-Adiyat, Al-Battar, At-Taqwa, da Kafofin watsa labarai na Katafaren Halifate suka yi, gami da adana duk rikodin Rediyon Al-Bayan a cikin Turanci da Larabci. Ya buga mujallar Al-Naba ta mako-mako tare da fassarar Halummu da rahotanni daga Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Amaq waɗanda suka haɗa da ɗaukar hoto da bidiyo na abubuwan da suka faru. [2] [3]

A cikin watan Yuni na 2024, gidan yanar gizon Ar-Raud ya gamu da matsala wanda ya ga shafin ba zai iya amfani da shi ba kuma kawai rubutun da aka nuna a shafin ya ce "Ba a samun babban shafin a yanzu kuma zai dawo nan ba da jimawa ba, Insha Allahu . Za ku iya biyo mu ta shafinmu ta Twitter ." (الموقع العام غير متاح الآن وسيعود قريبا إن شاء الله.  A watan Yuli 2024, an saukar da shafin na dindindin tare da Gidauniyar I'lam bayan yunƙurin saukarwa da yawa. An yi la'akari da saukar da wani babban tasiri a kan kasancewar daular Islama ta intanet. 

An ba da kuɗin yanar gizon ta hanyar gudummawar cryptocurrency, ciki har da Monero da Ethereum . 

## Manazarta
Gidauniyar Az-Zallaqa

**Az-Zallaqa Foundation** ( Arabic     ) gidauniya ce ta kafofin watsa labarai ta farfaganda ga ƙungiyar ta'addanci ta Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin da ke da alaƙa da Al-Qaeda .

## Tarihi
An kafa Az-Zallaqa a shekarar 2017, inda ta fara tattara bayanai kan hare-haren da 'yan bindiga na JNIM suka kai a Mali kan wani Ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai hade da bangarori daban-daban a sansanin soja na Mali a filin jirgin saman soja na Timbuktu da rokoki da aka sani da harin Timbuktu na 2017. [1] Tun lokacin da aka kafa gidauniyar, ita ce babbar hanyar yada farfaganda da sanarwa ta JNIM a yanar gizo. [2] [3] Gidauniyar ta kuma fitar da bayanai tare da Al-Qaeda a gidan yada labarai na Maghreb, Gidauniyar Al-Andalus, ta amfani da wata kungiyar yada labarai mai alaka da Al-Qaeda, Al-Ezza. [4]

Gidauniyar ta yi faifan bidiyo da yawa, inda ta kwatanta kansu da sauran kafofin watsa labarai na Al-Qaeda kamar As-Sahab da Al-Malahem Media . 

A watan Agusta na shekarar 2024, Az-Zallaqa ya yi wani bidiyo game da sace wasu 'yan kasar Rasha biyu a Nijar, daya daga cikinsu masanin ilmin kasa ne wanda ke aiki a wani kamfanin Rasha. 

## Manazarta