Taron Warsaw

**Yarjejeniyar Haɗa wasu ƙa'idodin da suka shafi jigilar ƙasa da ƙasa ta iska**,
wadda akafi sani da **Yarjejeniyar Warsaw**, yarjejeniya ce ta ƙasa da ƙasa wacce ke tsara alhakin jigilar mutane, kaya, ko kayayyaki na ƙasa da ƙasa na jirgin sama don lada.

Asalin sa hannu a cikin 1929 a Warsaw (saboda haka sunan),an gyara shi a cikin 1955 a Hague,Netherlands, kuma a cikin 1971 a Guatemala City, Guatemala. Kotunan Amurka sun gudanar da cewa, aƙalla don wasu dalilai, Yarjejeniyar Warsaw wani kayan aiki ne na daban daga Yarjejeniyar Warsaw kamar yadda Hague Protocol ta gyara.

Yarjejeniyar Montreal,wacce aka sanya hannu a cikin 1999, ta maye gurbin tsarin Yarjejeniyar Warsaw a cikin ƙasashen da ke tabbatar da shi.

## Tarihi
A ranar 17 ga Agustan 1923, gwamnatin Faransa ta ba da shawarar kiran taron diflomasiyya a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1923 da nufin kammala yarjejeniyar da ta shafi abin alhaki a cikin jigilar kayayyaki ta jiragen sama. An dage taron ne a karo na biyu a hukumance,saboda jajircewar gwamnatocin kasashe daban-daban na yin aiki da wannan dan karamin lokaci ba tare da sanin babban taron da aka tsara ba. A ƙarshe,tsakanin 27 ga Oktoba da 6 ga Nuwamba, taron farko ya hadu a Paris don nazarin daftarin taron. Tunda akasarin mahalarta taron jami'an diflomasiyya ne da gwamnatin Faransa ta amince da su, ba kwararru ba, an amince gaba daya cewa a kafa wata kungiya ta kwararru da kwararru kan harkokin shari'a da za ta yi nazari kan daftarin yarjejeniyar kafin mika shi ga taron diflomasiyya don amincewa.Saboda haka, an kafa kwamitin fasaha na kasa da kasa na kwararrun shari'a akan Tambayoyin Jirgin Sama ( *Comité International Technique d'Experts Juridiques Aériens*, CITEJA)a cikin 1925. A cikin 1927-28 CITEJA ta yi nazari tare da haɓaka daftarin da aka tsara kuma ta haɓaka shi zuwa tsarin haɗin kan doka na yanzu kuma ya gabatar da shi a taron Warsaw, inda aka amince da shi tsakanin 4 zuwa 12 Oktoba 1929.Ya haɗu da wani muhimmin sashi na dokar jiragen sama masu zaman kansu.

An rubuta taron da asali da Faransanci kuma an ajiye ainihin takardun a cikin ma'ajin ajiyar ma'aikatar harkokin waje ta PolandBayan ya fara aiki a ranar 13 ga Fabrairun 1933,ya warware wasu rikice-rikice na doka da shari'a.

Tsakanin 1948 zuwa 1951 kwamitin shari'a da Hukumar Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Duniya (ICAO)ta kafa ya kara nazarinsa kuma a shekara ta 1952 aka shirya wani sabon daftarin da zai maye gurbin taron.Duk da haka an ƙi kuma aka yanke shawarar cewa za a gyara taron maimakon a maye gurbinsa a 1953. Aikin da kwamitin shari'a ya yi a zama na tara an gabatar da shi ga taron kasa da kasa kan dokokin jiragen sama wanda majalisar ICAO ta kira kuma ta hadu a Hague daga 6 zuwa 28 ga Satumba 1955. Taron Hague ya amince da yarjejeniya ( ka'idar Hague ) don gyara yarjejeniyar Warsaw. Tsakanin bangarorin yarjejeniyar, an amince da cewa za a karanta da kuma fassara yarjejeniyar Warsaw ta 1929 da kuma 1955 na Hague tare a matsayin kayan aiki guda daya da za a sani da Yarjejeniyar Warsaw kamar yadda aka gyara a Hague a 1955. Wannan ba gyara ba ne ga babban taron,sai dai ƙirƙirar sabuwar ƙa'idar doka wacce ke da alaƙa kawai tsakanin bangarorin. Idan wata al'umma ta kasance jam'iyyar Yarjejeniyar Warsaw, wata kuma ta Hague Protocol, babu wata kasa da ke da wani kayan aiki a gamayya don haka babu wata kafa ta kasa da kasa don yin shari'a.

A ƙarshe,Yarjejeniyar Montreal,wanda aka sanya hannu a cikin 1999, ya maye gurbin tsarin Yarjejeniyar Warsaw.

## Manazarta