Adabin Najeriya

**Adabin Najeriya** Ana iya bayyana adabin a matsayin rubutaccen adabin da ƴan ƙasar Najeriya ke yi wa masu karatun Najeriya, wanda ke magance matsalolin Najeriya. Wannan ya ƙunshi marubuta a cikin harsuna da dama, ciki har da ba Ingilishi kaɗai ba amma Igbo, Urhobo, Yarbanci, da kuma yankin arewacin ƙasar Hausa da Nupe .  Fiye da haka, ya haɗa da 'yan Najeriya na Birtaniya, Amurkawa 'yan Najeriya da sauran ƴan ƙasashen waje na Afirka .

*Things Fall Apart* (1958) na Chinua Achebe na ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan tarihi a cikin adabin Afirka . Sauran marubutan bayan mulkin mallaka sun sami lambobin yabo da yawa, ciki har da lambar yabo ta Nobel a cikin adabi, da aka ba Wole Soyinka a shekara ta 1986, da lambar yabo ta Booker, da aka baiwa Ben Okri a shekara ta 1991 don *Hanyar Famished* . Har ila yau, 'yan Najeriya suna da wakilci sosai a cikin wadanda suka samu kyautar Caine da Wole Soyinka Prize for Literature a Afirka .

## Adabin Arewacin Najeriya
Rubuce-rubucen Arewacin Najeriya za a iya raba shi zuwa manyan lokuta 4. Na farko shi ne Zamanin Sarautu 14 (ƙarni na 10-19), na biyu shi ne zamanin Sakkwato (ƙarni na 19 zuwa 20), na uku shi ne zamanin Mulkin Mallaka (ƙarni na 20), na hudu kuwa shi ne lokacin bayan samun ‘yancin kai (ƙarni na 20). gabatarwa).

### Masarautu Goma Sha Hudu
Wannan lokacin yana da marubuta da yawa waɗanda suka samar da litattafai waɗanda suka yi magana game da tiyoloji, tarihi, tarihin rayuwa, lissafi, harshe, rubutu, rubuce-rubuce, labarin ƙasa, ilmin taurari, diflomasiyya da waƙa.

#### Wasu sanannun marubuta da wasu ayyukansu

* Ibn Furtu shi ne mai tarihin Mai Idris Alooma .  Ya samar da littattafan tarihi guda biyu: *Littafin Yakin Bornu*, da kuma *Littafin Yakin Kanem*, wadanda ke dalla-dalla game da yakin da ya mayar da Bornu daga mulkin Sarkin Musulmi mai cin gashin kansa zuwa daular. An samar da waɗannan ayyukan a cikin 1576 da 1578 bi da bi.
* Muhammad abd al-Razzaq al-Fallati wani masanin Fulbe ne a kasar Hausa a ƙarni na 16 wanda ya rubuta *K.fi'l-tawhid.*
* Uthman Ibn Idris na Borno ya aika da takarda zuwa ga Sarkin Musulmi Mamluk na Masar a 1391-1392. Wasikar tana daya daga cikin dabi'ar diflomasiyya, tana kuma kunshe da wakoki da kwararun fahimtar shari'ar Musulunci. Wannan wasiƙar ta ƙunshi rubutaccen waka na asali na asali da aka yi a Najeriya. 
* Muhammad al-Maghili ya rubuta *Akan wajibcin sarakuna a Kano* ga Muhammad Rumfa a karni na 15. Al-Maghili ɗan Berber ne daga Arewacin Afirka wanda aka haife shi a yankin da a yanzu yake Aljeriya.
* Muhammad ibn al-Sabbagh malami ne a karni na 17 kuma marubuci daga Katsina, Arewacin Najeriya. An yi shagulgulan murna da farin ciki bayan zamaninsa, kuma ya rubuta wakoki na yabo ga Sarkin Barno ya ci Jukun. Ya kuma rubuta wakar yabon Sarkin Katsina Muhammadu Uban Yari.
* Muhammad bn Masani dalibin Muhammad bn al-sabbagh ne kuma babban malami daga Katsina. Ya kuma samar da ayyuka a cikin harshen Hausa a cikin karni na 17. Ya rubuta ayyuka da dama, daya daga cikinsu shi ne binciken ilimin dan Adam a kan kabilar Yarbawa, Muhammad Bello wanda ya rayu bayan shekaru 200 ya ambace shi a cikin littafinsa *Infaq'l-Maysuur Azhar al-ruba fi akhbar Yuruba* . Yana daya daga cikin rubuce-rubucen farko kan cinikin bayi da wani dan Afirka dan asalin kasar ya yi, wanda kuma ya yi nuni da cewa, an kwashe Musulmi 'yantattu daga dukkan sassan kasar Hausa ana sayar da su ga Kiristocin Turawa. Ya kuma rubuta wa wani masanin shari’a a kasar Yarbawa yana bayanin yadda ake tantance lokacin sallar faɗuwar rana. Aikinsa a kasar Hausa wata waka ce da ya ji ta bakin wata mata a Katsina, mai suna *Wakar Yakin Badara* . Ya zuwa yanzu an san cewa ya rubuta littattafai goma.
* Abdullahi Suka masani ne a Kano a karni na 17 a zuriyar Fulbe wanda aka ce ya rubuta adabin da ya fi dadewa a kasar Hausa da littafinsa *Riwayar Annabi Musa* . Ya kuma rubuta *Al-Atiya li'l muti* (wanda aka fassara: *Baiwar Mai bayarwa* ) da sauran su.
* Salih bn Isaq ya rubuta labarin Birnin Garzargamu a shekara ta 1658, inda ya bayyana babban birnin Borno a zamanin Mai Ali bn Al Hajj Umar.
* Sheikh Jibril ibn Umar malami ne a karni na 18 kuma marubuci, a cikin littafinsa *Shifa al-Ghalil* ya kai hari ga musulmi wadanda suka hada akidar 'yan asali da Musulunci. Admixture of Animists ayyuka da Musulunci na daya daga cikin manyan dalilan da aka bayar na Jihadin Uthman dan Fodio a cikin karni na 19th. 

## Marubutan Najeriya bayan mulkin mallaka
Marubuta da dama, mambobin ƙungiyar Mbari na Farfesa. Ulli Beier, ya zama sananne a cikin kai tsaye bayan samun ƴancin kai.

Chinua Achebe ya yi suna da littafinsa na farko, *Things Fall Apart* (1958), kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta Man Booker na kasa da kasa don karramawa gaba dayansa a matsayin marubuci kuma marubuci a 2007. Sauran wadanda suka lashe kyautar sun hada da Ian McEwan da Salman Rushdie .  A wajen bayar da kyautar, Nadine Gordimer ta kira Achebe a matsayin "uban adabin Afirka na zamani".  Najeriya ta samar da manyan marubuta da dama, wadanda suka samu yabo a ayyukansu, wadanda suka hada da Daniel O. Fagunwa, Femi Osofisan, Ken Saro-Wiwa, Cyprian Ekwensi, Buchi Emecheta, Elechi Amadi, da Tanure Ojaide . Wole Soyinka, dan kabilar Yarbawa da ke rubutu da Ingilishi, ya samu kyautar Nobel a fannin adabi a shekara ta 1986, inda ya zama bakar fata na farko a Afirka da ya samu kyautar Nobel ta adabi.    Soyinka an ba shi lambar yabo ta rubuta "... a faffadan al'adu kuma tare da ma'anar waka yana tsara wasan kwaikwayo na wanzuwa". 

Ben Okri ya lashe lambar yabo ta 1991 Booker don *The Famished Road* . Har ila yau, a cikin marubutan wani matashi mai suna Chris Abani, Ayobami Adebayo, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Nuzo Onoh, Yemisi Aribisala, Sefi Atta, A. Igoni Barrett, Helon Habila, BM Dzukogi, Chigozie Obioma, Helen Oyeyemi, Nnedi Okorabu, Nnedi Okorabu Chinelo Okparanta, Sarah Ladipo Manyika, Chika Unigwe, Ogaga Ifowodo, Melekwe Anthony, Gift Foraine Amukoyo, Teju Cole, Niyi Osundare and Oyinkan Braithwaite .

Wasu da suka hada da Ifowodo, Cole da Adichie, sun kasance a Yamma.  Wannan wani bangare ne saboda kafuwar masana’antar buga littattafai, kuma a wani bangare na danniya da siyasa a gida: An taba yanke wa Soyinka hukuncin kisa a baya, kuma an rataye Saro-Wiwa a shekara ta 1995 saboda fafutukar kare muhalli.

An buga jerin sunayen "Masu Tasirin Marubuta Najeriya 100 'Yan kasa da shekara 40 (Shekara 2016)" a ranar 28 ga Disambar shekara ta 2016 akan gidan yanar gizon Marubutan Najeriya.

## Duba kuma

* Adabin Hausa
* Adabin Yarabawa
* Adabin Igbo
* Adabin Efik
* Jerin marubutan Najeriya
* Rukunin marubutan Najeriya na uku

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Rubutun zamanin da na Najeriya 
* Abubuwan Da Ke Haɗuwa: Tafiya ta Adabin Legas 
* Canjin Fuskar Adabin Najeriya a Mujallar Muryar Amurka
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