Karuwanci a Malawi

**[[Karuwanci]] a [[Malawi]]** doka ce kuma tana da yawa a kusa da otal-otal da mashaya a birane da wuraren yawon bude ido. Rayuwa daga kudaden karuwanci ba bisa ka'ida ba ne. A cikin 2015, an kiyasta cewa akwai ma'aikatan jima'i 20,000 a Malawi.

Human trafficking, HIV and child prostitution are problems in the country.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
Yayinda wasu karuwanci na titi ke faruwa, saboda cin zarafin 'yan sanda yana da iyaka. Yawancin karuwanci suna faruwa a mashaya da otal-otal. "Yan matan mashaya" suna aiki ne daga masu mallakar su a kan albashi mai ƙarancin albashi; suna samun kuɗin su ta hanyar karuwanci. Kodayake masu karuwanci a mashaya galibi suna aiki ne daga masu mashaya, akwai wasu 'yan mata masu zaman kansu waɗanda za su yi ƙoƙari su jawo hankalin kwastomomi ta hanyar motsawa daga mashaya zuwa mashaya.   Dokokin tsabtace abinci suna buƙatar duk ma'aikatan da ke aiki a mashaya su sami binciken kiwon lafiya na kowane wata, amma wannan ba koyaushe ake aiwatar da shi ba. Sau da yawa 'yan matan mashaya sun fito ne daga yankunan karkara, suna ƙaura zuwa garuruwa da birane don neman aiki mai fa'ida.

Ma'aikatan jima'i da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu sun ba da rahoton cin zarafi da cin zarafi daga 'yan sanda, gami da tashin hankali, sata da kuma tilasta jima'i. Sun kuma bayar da rahoton cewa 'yan sanda ba sa daukar mataki idan ma'aikatan jima'i sun ba su rahoton cin zarafi ko tashin hankali daga abokan ciniki.

Karuwanci kuma yana faruwa a kusa da cibiyoyin katako na Luwawa, Nthungwa, Raiply da Kalungulu .  Masu karuwanci suna aiki daga ƙananan shaguna a kusa da ƙauyuka a cikin gandun daji.

A cikin shekarun da suka gabata mata da yawa daga Malawi sun tafi aiki a gonakin jan ƙarfe na Zambia a matsayin karuwanci. Hanyar da ke kaiwa zuwa Zambia ta zama sananne da *mtengamahule* (mai jigilar karuwai). Daga baya aka rufe iyakar ga "mata marasa aure".

## Yanayin Shari'a
Sashe na 146 na Dokar Shari'a ta Malawi ya haramta rayuwa daga kudaden karuwanci. Kotuna sun fassara wannan don haɗawa da kuɗin da ma'aikacin jima'i ke samu, yadda ya kamata ya sa karuwanci ya zama ba bisa ka'ida ba. Sashe na 184 (c) na Dokar Shari'a ya yi laifi na: "kowane mutum a cikin ko a kan ko kusa da kowane wuri ko a kowane hanya ko babbar hanya ko a kowane wuri da ke kusa da shi ko a kowane wurin jama'a a irin wannan lokacin kuma a ƙarƙashin irin wannan yanayi don haifar da kammalawa cewa irin wannan mutumin yana nan don manufar ba bisa ka'ida ba ko rashin tsari, an dauke shi mai cin zarafi da mai yawo".  (Wannan dokar ta dogara ne akan Dokar Vagrancy ta Burtaniya ta 1824).   An yi amfani da wannan dokar don yin niyya ga ma'aikatan jima'i.

An kama ma'aikatan jima'i goma sha ɗaya a cikin 2009 a kudancin birnin Mwanza. An kai su asibiti kuma an ba su gwajin HIV. Daga baya aka karanta sakamakon gwaje-gwajen a kotu. Ma'aikatan jima'i daga baya sun kai karar gwamnatin Malawi saboda "rashin jituwa a matsayin diyya don keta haƙƙoƙinsu na tsarin mulki da raunin da suka sha wahala sakamakon ayyukan 'yan sanda da asibiti". Alkalin Kotun Koli, Dorothy Kamanga, ya yanke hukuncin cewa ya kamata a biya ma'aikatan jimaʼi, kuma ayyukan' yan sanda da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya sun kasance "marar hankali, rashin adalci, rashin adalci da rashin ma'ana. "

A watan Satumbar 2016, Babban Kotun Zomba ta yanke hukuncin cewa Sashe na 146 na Dokar Shari'a an yi shi ne don kare ma'aikatan jima'i daga cin zarafi, ba laifi ba ma'aikatan lalata. Kotun ta soke hukuncin da aka yanke wa ma'aikatan jima'i 19 wadanda suka daukaka kara a kan hukuncin da aka yi wa kotun majistare.

A watan Janairun 2017, alƙalai uku na Babban Kotun Malawi sun ayyana sashi na 184 (1) (c) na Dokar Shari'a ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma ba ta da inganci.

## HIV
Kamar sauran ƙasashen Afirka ta kudu da Sahara, cutar kanjamau babbar matsala ce a Malawi. A cikin 2016 yawan manya ya kai 9.2%. Ma'aikatan jima'i ƙungiya ce mai haɗari sosai tare da yawan 24.9% a cikin 2016.  Rashin son abokan ciniki yin amfani da kwaroron roba, da rashin samun damar yin amfani da ayyukan kiwon lafiya ga ma'aikatan jima'i sune abubuwan da ke ba da gudummawa. Abokan ciniki na iya bayarwa har zuwa sau 4 na yawan da aka saba da shi don jima'i ba tare da kwaroron roba ba. condoms kuma suna da karancin wadata a wasu yankuna na kasar.

## Cinikin jima'i
Malawi ƙasa ce mai tushe ga mata, da yara da ke fuskantar fataucin jima'i. Har zuwa ƙarami, ƙasa ce mai zuwa ga maza, mata, da yara daga Zambia, Mozambique, yankin Great Lakes na Afirka, da Horn of Africa waɗanda ke fuskantar fataucin jima'i, da kuma ƙasa mai wucewa ga mutanen daga waɗannan ƙasashe da aka yi amfani da su a Afirka ta Kudu. Masu fataucin mutane, da farko masu ba da gudummawa ko masu gidan karuwai, yawanci suna yaudarar yara daga iyalansu a yankunan karkara a ƙarƙashin damar samun aiki, tufafi, ko masauki wanda wani lokacin ana cajin su da yawa, wanda ke haifar da karuwanci da aka tilasta ta hanyar basussuka. Masu fataucin mutane suna ba da 'yan mata ga cin zarafin jima'i a cikin gidajen rawa ko mashaya. An gano mutanen Malawi da ke fama da fataucin jima'i a Mozambique, Afirka ta Kudu, Zambia, da Tanzania. Wasu 'yan mata suna shan miyagun ƙwayoyi, ana yi musu fyade, kuma ana cin zarafin su a cikin jima'i na kasuwanci. Wasu 'yan mata da aka dauka don aikin gida an tilasta su yin aure kuma daga baya "maza" su yi fataucin yara. Hukumomin daukar ma'aikata masu cin hanci da rashawa suna jan hankalin mata da 'yan mata zuwa Jihohin Gulf inda ake cinye su a fataucin jima'i.

Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don Kulawa da Yaki da Cin Hanci da Kasuwanci a cikin Mutane ya sanya Malawi a matsayin ƙasa ta Tier 2.

## Bayanan da aka ambata