Mata a cikin Paris Commune

Zamanin **Paris Commune** wani lokaci ne na tawaye a tarihin Paris wanda ya ɗauki sama da watanni biyu, daga 18 ga Maris 1871 zuwa  wanda ya ƙare a ranar 28 ga Mayu 1871. Wannan tawayen ya ƙi amincewa da gwamnatin Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa ta 1871, wadda aka zaɓe ta ta hanyar zaɓen maza na duniya baki ɗaya . Mata da yawa sun taka rawa a cikin abubuwan da suka faru,  kuma ana kiransu da "communardes". Suna da mahimmanci a tarihin haƙƙin mata a Faransa, musamman dangane da 'yancin mata.   Daidaito albashi da kuma nau'ikan farko na tsarin tsara mata a Faransa sun bayyana a wannan lokacin, musamman ƙungiyar mata ta Union des femmes pour la defense de Paris et les soins aux blessés ko kuma Hukumar kula da tsaro ta Montmartre . 

## Mahalli

### Rayuwa ta yau da kullum mai cike da hatsari
A ƙarƙashin Daular Faransa ta Biyu, rashin daidaiton albashi ya yi yawa: maza suna samun kuɗi sau biyu fiye da mata,   waɗanda ake ganin suna fafatawa da maza kuma ana aiki da su a farashi mai rahusa.  Gabaɗaya, mata suna aiki daga gida don kula da iyalansu, inda matsalolin barasa suka zama ruwan dare.  Masana'antu da gidajen ibada, waɗanda ke amfana daga aikin yi kyauta, sun kasance masu fafatawa sosai da mata masu zaman kansu, wanda ke rage darajar aikinsu. Wani lokaci mata masu aiki suna zama karuwai don tallafa wa iyalansu.  

### Fitowar ƙungiyar mata

Juyin juya halin Faransa na 1848 ya haifar da wasu fitattun jarumai mata kamar Jeanne Deroin, da Pauline Roland waɗanda aka manta da su nan take, saboda rawar da suka taka a matsayin  ). Yaƙin kare haƙƙin mata ya ci gaba ta hanyar tunani, inda aka bar ajin ma'aikata a gefe.  

Masu rajin kare hakkin mata na Faransa na farko sun bayyana a Faransa bayan shekarun 1860. André Léo  ta yi amfani da 'yancin da Daular Faransa ta Biyu ta gabatar a farkonta don buga ayyukan da aka keɓe don daidaito tsakanin jinsi. A shekara ta 1866, ta ƙirƙiri "Ƙungiyar Inganta Ilimin Mata" kuma a shekara ta 1868, ta buga wani rubutu da ke kare daidaiton jinsi wanda shine asalin ƙungiyar mata ta Faransa ta farko.  Wasu mata kuma sun kare ra'ayin 'yancin mata kamar Julie-Victoire Daubié, mace ta farko da ta sami digiri na biyu a shekarar 1861, Paule Mink, Amélie Bosquet, Adèle Esquiros da sauransu.  Duk wannan tunani ya haifar da ƙirƙirar jaridu kamar *Le Droit des femmes* na Léon Richer a shekarar 1869 da ƙungiyoyi kamar "Société pour la revendication des droits civils de la femme" na André Léo, shi ma a shekarar 1869.  Ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na inganta yanayin mata ba koyaushe suke jituwa kan abin da ke da mahimmanci ba. Wasu sun gabatar da ilimin 'yan mata yayin da wasu kuma suka buƙaci daidaito tsakanin al'umma. 

### Yaƙin 1870
A ranar 8 ga Satumba, 1870, wani zanga-zanga, karkashin jagorancin André Léo da Louise Michel, ta gudana a gaban zauren birnin Paris, inda aka nemi makamai don kare kansu daga sojojin Prussian . [1] [2] A watan da ya biyo baya, a ranar 7 ga Oktoba, 1870, [3] kimanin mata 150 sun nemi 'yancin kula da wadanda suka ji rauni a yakin 1870 a gaba da kuma maye gurbin mazan da ke cikin motocin daukar marasa lafiya. [1] [1] Bayan mamayar Paris (1870–1871) da kuma mummunan yunwa a lokacin hunturu na 1870-1871, mika wuya ga Faransa da tsagaita wuta a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 1871, lamarin ya yi kama da wanda ba za a iya jurewa ba ga mutanen Paris, wadanda suka yi adawa da abokan gaba na tsawon kusan watanni hudu. Shahararrun kungiyoyi da al'ummomi sun bayyana a lokacin wannan mamayar kuma sun bai wa mata da yawa damar yin magana kan batutuwan da suka fi muhimmanci a gare su. [1]

Yana da muhimmanci a lura cewa matan da suka yi aiki a lokacin wannan kamewa suma sun kasance masu aiki a lokacin Kauyen, kamar Sophie Poirier da wurin aikinta na kayan aiki ko Louise Michel wacce ta kafa motar asibiti. 

### Barkewar Al'umma
Lokacin da gwamnati ta yanke shawarar kwace makamai daga hannun 'yan Paris, sun ji kamar suna fuskantar barazana kai tsaye. Mata sun fara shiga zanga-zangar 'yan Paris daban-daban, suna nuna fushinsu da sake taruwa ba tare da wani takamaiman ajanda ba.  A ranar 18 ga Maris, sojoji suka zo don ɗaukar bindigogi amma mutanen Paris sun yi adawa da su. Mata ne suka fara farkawa suka hana sojoji kwace bindigogin.  Louise Michel ta shiga cikin wannan adawa a kan tudun Montmartre . 

## Matakan zamantakewa
Kadan daga cikin shugabannin maza na Kwaminisanci, ban da Eugène Varlin, Léo Frankel da Benoît Malon, sun damu da batutuwan da suka shafi makomar mata kai tsaye.  Mata ba su sami damar samun mukamai na iko a wannan lokacin ba.  

Duk da haka, yawancin matakan da Kwamitin ya ɗauka sun shafi haƙƙin iyalai da ma'aikata, kamar amincewa da haɗin kai mai 'yanci (ƙungiyar ta biya fansho ga zawarawan tarayya, ko sun yi aure ko ba su yi ba, da kuma 'ya'yansu na halal ko na halitta),   haramcin karuwanci, kafa farkon albashi daidai gwargwado, samun damar ilimi da kuma sauƙaƙa saki.  Mata su ne masu cin gajiyar waɗannan matakan kai tsaye. 

Masanin tarihi Jacques Rougerie ya lura cewa
Fayil:Elisabeth_Javelin_02.jpg| Elisabeth Javelin
Fayil:Marie_Leroy.jpg|alt=Portrait of Marie Leroy (took part in the Commune)| Hoton Marie Leroy (ta shiga cikin Commune) 
Fayil:Eugénie_Boulanger_01.jpg|alt=Portrait of Boulanger Eugénie, taken in the prison of Versailles.| Hoton Boulanger Eugénie, wanda aka ɗauka a kurkukun Versailles. 
Fayil:Eulalie_Papavoine.png|alt=Portrait of Eulalie Papavoine (1846-1875)| Hoton Eulalie Papavoine (1846-1875) 
Fayil:Image_appert_ernest_charles_portrait_daurore_hortense_david_femme_machu_brossiere_pris_a_la_prison_des_cha_314322.jpg|alt=Hortense David, Machu's wife, at the prison des Chantiers in Versailles| Hortense David, matar Machu, a gidan yarin des Chantiers da ke Versailles 
Fayil:Elisabeth_Rétiffe.png|alt=Portrait of Élisabeth Rétiffe (1834-1882)| Élisabeth Rétiffe (1834-1882) 
Fayil:Dmitrieff_Elisabeth_1.jpg|alt=Portrait of Elisabeth Dmitrieff| Elisabeth Dmitrieff
Fayil:Victorine_Gorget.png|alt=Portrait of Victorine Gorget| Victorine Gorget
Fayil:Anne_Marie_Menand.jpg|alt=Portrait of Anne-Marie Ménand| Anne-Marie Ménand 
Fayil:Photographie_de_Louise_Pioger.png|alt=Portrait of Louise Pioger, songmaker| Louise Pioger, mai tsara waƙoƙi


## Hotunan hotunan mata na coci

## Manazarta