Folk dance forms of Odisha

**Rawar gargajiya** da dama ta samo asali a yankuna daban-daban na Odisha, Odissi da Chhau, kasancewar wasu daga cikin shahararrun rawa. Rawar Sambalpuri ita ce rawa mafi shahara a yammacin Odisha kuma mutane da yawa suna jin daɗinta.

## Laudi Khela
Laudi Khela, wanda aka fi sani da Gauda Nacha, wani nau'in rawa ne da ake yi a wasu gundumomin bakin teku na Odisha, ciki har da Cuttack, Jajapur, Jagatsinghpur, Puri, Khurda, Bhadrak, Baleswar, Dhenkanal, da Angul .       A al'ada, masu wasan kwaikwayo samari ne na ' Gauda ' ko ' Gopal '.  Ana yin wannan rawa ne a lokacin Dola Purnima ( Holi ). An sadaukar da rawa ga Krishna da matarsa Radha . Masu rawa suna sanya tufafi da suka shafi Krishna, *ghagudi* (ƙananan kararrawa a matsayin bel), da gashin tsuntsu.   Kowane mai rawa yana ɗauke da sanduna biyu, yana buga sandunan junansu ta hanyar da ta dace. Singha (ƙahon buffalo) da sarewa galibi suna tare da rawa.

## Sauran raye-rayen gargajiya
**[[Ghumura dance|Rawar Ghumura]]** (ko Rawar Ghumra) tana ɗaya daga cikin rawar gargajiya da aka fi nema kuma take kan gaba a Odisha. An rarraba ta a matsayin rawar gargajiya saboda tsarin suturar Ghumura yayi kama da rawar ƙabila, amma masu bincike na baya-bayan nan sun yi jayayya cewa nau'in rawa daban-daban da mudra da ke cikin Ghumura sun fi kama da sauran nau'in rawa na gargajiya na Indiya. Lokacin da ake yin rawa a Ghumura bai bayyana ba. Masu bincike da yawa sun yi iƙirarin cewa rawa ce ta Yaƙi a tsohuwar Indiya kuma Ravana ke amfani da ita a Ramayana. An nuna rawa ta Ghumura a cikin Sun Temple of Konark yana tabbatar da cewa wannan rawa ta samo asali ne daga zamanin da. A cikin 'Madhya Parba' na "Sarala Mahabharata" an ambaci Ghumura a matsayin:

*Dhola Madala Gadi je Ghumura Bajai* *Ghumura je Ghumu Ghumu Hoi Garajai*

*Biratwara Biradhola Daundi Ghumura* *Kadamardala Bajanti Mari Galatura*

An kuma yi amfani da Ghumura a matsayin rawar Darbari a jihar Kalahandi mai sarauta kuma tsohuwar jihar Kalahandi ce ta yi ta a lokacin yaƙi. Sautin da aka saba jikewa da ke fitowa daga kayan kida kamar Ghumura, Nishan, Dhol, Taal, Madal da sauransu da kuma motsin masu fasaha sun sa wannan rawa ta zama "Rawa ta Jarumi". Tun dubban shekaru rawa ta Ghumura ta samo asali daga rawa ta yaƙi zuwa rawa ta ayyukan al'adu da zamantakewa. Rawar tana da alaƙa da nishaɗin zamantakewa, annashuwa, ƙauna, ibada da 'yan'uwa masu zumunci tsakanin dukkan aji, akida da addini a zamanin yau. A al'ada, wannan rawa tana da alaƙa da bikin Nuakhai da Dasahara a Kalahandi da manyan sassan Kudu maso Yammacin Odisha. Har yanzu ana ɓoye rawa ta Ghumura a matakin ƙauye a Kudu maso Yammacin Orissa da wasu sassan da ke kan iyaka da Andhra Pradesh da Chhattisgarh. Yankin Kalahandi ya ɗauki babban doka wajen yaɗa da kuma riƙe asalin rawar Ghumura. An fi sanin Kalahandi da ƙasar Ghumura. Rawar Ghumura ta samu damar wakiltar ƙasar a taruka daban-daban na ƙasa da ƙasa a Delhi, Moscow, Kolkata, da sauran birane daban-daban a Indiya. Rawar Ghumura kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin nau'in rawa ta gargajiya da aka fi bincike a Orissa. 

An fara yin **Ruk Mar Nacha (da [[Chhau|Chhau dance]] )** a gundumar Mayurbhanj ta Odisha da kuma a Nilagiri ta gundumar Baleswar . Tana da tushe a cikin al'adar yaƙi. Rawar wani yaƙi ne mai salo wanda ƙungiyoyi biyu na masu rawa dauke da takuba da garkuwa suke kai hari da kare kansu da motsi masu ƙarfi da tsayuka masu kyau. Musamman abin lura shine kiɗan da ke tare da ita, wanda aka san shi da sarkakiyar rawa da bugunta mai ƙarfi. Kayan kida sun haɗa da 'Mahuri' - kayan kida mai sanda biyu, 'Dhola' - ganguna mai gefe biyu mai siffar ganga, 'Dhumsa' - ganguna masu gefuna biyu da 'Chadchadi' - ɗan gajeren ganguna mai siffar silinda.

**[[Gotipua|Goti Pua]] :**

Goti puas yara maza ne masu rawa waɗanda ke yin ado kamar 'yan mata. Su ɗaliban akhadas ne, ko kuma gymnasia, wanda Ramachandra Deva I ta kafa a Puri, a gefen haikalin. Tunda su ne tushen tsarin akhada, goti puas kuma an san shi da akhada pilas - samari da ke haɗe da akhadas. Wani dalili kuma da ake bayarwa don tabbatar da fitowar tsarin goti pua shi ne cewa wasu mabiya addinin Vaishnava ba su yarda da rawa daga mata a matsayin hujjar bauta ba - sun gabatar da yin rawa ta hanyar samari sanye da kayan 'yan mata. Kalmar goti tana nufin 'ɗaya', 'ɗaya' da pua, 'yaro', amma goti puas koyaushe suna rawa biyu. Ana ɗaukar yara maza kimanin shekara shida kuma suna ci gaba da yin wasa har sai sun kai shekara 14, sannan su zama malaman rawa ko kuma su shiga liyafar wasan kwaikwayo. Goti puas yanzu ɓangare ne na ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru, waɗanda aka sani da dals, kowannensu yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin guru. Ana horar da yaran na tsawon kimanin shekaru biyu, a lokacin da, bayan sun sha wannan dabarar, sai su koyi rawa, ado da kuma salon magana. Goti puas, kasancewarsu ƙanana a lokacin ƙuruciyarsu, za su iya daidaita jikinsu da rawa ta hanyar da ta fi sassauƙa maimakon maharis. Ana tallafawa gabatarwar goti pua ta hanyar ƙungiyar mawaƙa uku, waɗanda ke buga pakhawaj, gini ko kuge da harmonium. Yaran suna rera waƙar da kansu, kodayake a wasu lokutan ƙungiyar tana da ƙarin mawaƙi.

Ana yin rawar gargajiya ta Baagha Naacha ko Tiger a Binka da Sonepur na gundumar Subarnapur a lokacin watan chaitra. Mai rawa (maza kawai) yana zana jikinsa da ratsi masu launin rawaya da baƙi kamar na damisa sannan ya haɗa wutsiya mai dacewa. Mutum ɗaya ko fiye masu rawa suna yawo daga gida zuwa gida kuma bayan taron jama'a suka taru sai rawa ta fara. Masu rawa suna tare da mai buga ganga da mai kunna kararrawa wanda ke ba da kiɗan. Rawar ba komai ba ce illa motsin acrobatic a cikin kida. Suna yin sautin hayaniya yayin rawa. Ana kuma yin rawar damisa a Berhampur a lokacin Thakurani Jatra.

**Dalkhai :** Galibi ana sanya wa dalkhai suna ne bayan wata allahiya mai suna "dalkhai Devi". Duk da cewa Dusserah ita ce bikin rawar gargajiya ta Sambalpuri Dalkhai, ita ce rawar gargajiya mafi shahara a Odisha, amma wasan kwaikwayonta ya zama ruwan dare a duk sauran bukukuwa kamar Bhaijiuntia, Phagun Puni, Nuakhai, da sauransu. Matan Binjhal, Kuda, Mirdha, Sama da wasu kabilu na gundumomin Sambalpur, Balangir, Sundargarh, Bargarh da Nuapada galibi suna rawa. A lokacin wannan rawa maza suna tare da su a matsayin masu buga ganga da mawaƙa. Rawar tana tare da ƙungiyar makaɗa ta waƙoƙin gargajiya da kayan kida da dama da aka sani da Dhol, Nisan, Tamki, Tasa da Mahuri. Duk da haka, mai kunna Dhol yana sarrafa saurin yayin rawa a gaban 'yan matan. Ana kiranta da Dalkhai saboda a farkon da ƙarshen kowace waƙa, ana amfani da kalmar a matsayin jawabi ga abokiyar budurwa. Labarin soyayya na Radha da Krishna, shirye-shiryen Ramayana da Mahabharata, bayanin yanayin halitta an wakilta su ta hanyar waƙoƙin. Waƙar da ke da alaƙa da wannan rawa ana rera ta a cikin Sambalpuri Odia . Matan suna rawa da rera waƙa lokaci-lokaci. Waƙoƙin suna da nau'ikan musamman tare da ƙarin 'Dalkhai Go' wanda shine jawabi ga budurwa. Yayin da suke rawa da waƙoƙin Dhol masu ban mamaki, suna sanya ƙafafuwa kusa da juna kuma suna durƙusa gwiwoyi. A wani motsi kuma suna motsawa gaba da baya a matsayin zama rabin lokaci. Wani lokaci suna yin da'ira mai ma'ana a gefen agogo da kuma gefen agogo. Mata galibi suna sanya kansu cikin launuka masu launuka na Sambalpuri Saris kuma suna sanya mayafi a kafadu suna riƙe ƙarshen da ke ƙasa a hannu biyu. An lulluɓe su da kayan ado na gargajiya, firam ɗinsu masu ƙarfi suna riƙe da nau'ikan rawa na tsawon sa'o'i. Rawar Dalkhai tana da siffofi da yawa na ƙarin shekaru da ƙungiyoyi. :

**Rawar da yara mata suka yi:** Chhiollai, Humobauli da Dauligit.

**Rawar da matasa ke yi:** Sajani, Chhata, Daika da Bhekani.

**Rawar da Matasa Suke Yi:** Rasarkeli, Jaiphul, Maila Jada, Bayamana, Gunchikuta .

Mutumin da ke bauta wa aiki, ya rubuta "Karma" da "Jhumer" masu ƙarfafawa Ubangiji Vishwakarma da allahiyar Karamashani.

**Rawar Dhap:** Wannan rawa ta gargajiya ta Sambalpuri galibi ƙabilar Kandha ce ta Yammacin Odisha . Maza da mata suna shiga rawa. Maza na wani ƙauye suna rawa da mata na wani ƙauye. Yawanci maza da mata marasa aure suna shiga rawa. Ana yin rawan ne a lokacin bikin aure kuma sau da yawa don nishaɗi . Ana sanya wa rawan suna ne saboda kayan kida da ke tare da ita mai suna 'Dhap.' Rawar tana kama da Khanjari da aka yi da itace tare da gefe ɗaya a buɗe ɗayan kuma an rufe ta da fatar dabba. Mai rawa Dhap yana riƙe da Dhap da hannunsa na hagu, majajjawa tana rataye a kafadarsa ta hagu, kuma tana bugawa da hannunsa na dama da na hagu.

**Karma Naach :** Karam ko Karma a zahiri yana nufin 'ƙaddara' a cikin Sambalpuri . Wannan rawar gargajiya ta Sambalpuri ana yin ta ne a lokacin bauta wa allah ko allahiyar ƙaddara (Karam Devta ko Karamsani Devi), waɗanda mutane ke ɗaukarta a matsayin sanadin sa'a da mugunta. Ta fara ne daga Bhadra Shukla Ekadasi (rana ta sha ɗaya ta wata mai haske na watan Bhadra) kuma tana ɗaukar kwanaki da yawa. Wannan rawa ta shahara tsakanin ƙabilun da aka tsara (misali ƙabilun Binjhal, Kharia, Kisan da Kol) a gundumomin Balangir, Kalahandi, Sundargarh, Sambalpur da Mayurbhanj. Wannan rawa tana girmama Karamsani, allahn da ke ba wa yara da amfanin gona mai kyau. Bayan an gama puja, sai a biyo baya da waƙa da rawa tare da rakiyar ganga (maandal), cymbal da sauransu. Rawar da ke cike da kuzari da kuzari tare da fara'ar matasa da aka ƙawata da kayan ado masu launuka iri-iri cikin farin ciki da jajayen zane, an sanya su a cikin gashin tsuntsu na dawisu, kayan ado masu kyau da aka yi da ƙananan harsashin conch, suna sa masu kallo da kuma masu wasan kwaikwayo cikin yanayi na nishaɗi da farin ciki. A cikin wannan rawa maza da mata suna shiga kuma suna ci gaba da shagaltuwa da kansu tsawon dare. Motsin ƙwararrun samari da madubi a hannu yana nuna salon soyayya na gargajiya yayin rawa da waƙa. Rawar wani lokaci samari ne ke yin ta a cikin rukuni, wani lokacin 'yan mata a cikin rukuni, wani lokacin kuma duka jinsi biyu. Batun waƙoƙi ya ƙunshi bayanin yanayi, kira ga Karmasani, sha'awa, burin mutane, soyayya da barkwanci.

**[[Jhumair]] :** Jhumair rawa ce ta gargajiya ta Arewacin Odhia da Yammacin Odisha. Ana yin ta ne a lokacin girbi da bukukuwa.

**Keisabadi :** Maza ne kawai za su iya shiga cikin wannan salon rawar gargajiya ta Sambalpuri. Wasu daga cikinsu suna riƙe da sanda tsawon ƙafa biyu. Suna rawa ta hanyoyi daban-daban ta hanyar buga sandunan bisa ga salon waƙar da suke rerawa. Shugaban yana fara rera waƙa wasu kuma suna binsa. Suna rera waƙa kuma a kowace waƙa suna rera "Haido". Babban jigon waƙar ya samo asali ne daga labarin soyayya na Radha da Krishna.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin raye-rayen gargajiya na Indiya

## Manazarta