Mary Seacole

**Mary Jane Seacole** (née Grant; 23 Nuwamba 1805 - 14 May 1881) ma'aikaciyar jinya ce kuma 'yar kasuwa ta Biritaniya.

An haifi Seacole a Kingston ga wata mahaifiyar Creole wacce ke gudanar da gidan kwana kuma tana da kwarewar likitanci a matsayin “likita”. A cikin 1990, an ba Seacole (bayan mutuwa) lambar yabo ta Jamaican. A cikin 2004, an zabe ta mafi girma baƙar fata Biritaniya a cikin wani bincike da gidan yanar gizon baƙar fata na kowane ƙarni ya gudanar a 2003.

Seacole ya tafi Crimean War a 1855 tare da shirin kafa "British Hotel", a matsayin "launi-tebur da jin dadi ga ma'aikatan lafiya da masu jin dadi". Duk da haka, shugaba Alexis Soyer ya gaya mata cewa jami'an ba sa bukatar masauki na dare, don haka sai ta mai da shi gidan cin abinci / mashaya / sabis na cin abinci. Ya zama sananne sosai kuma ita da abokin kasuwancinta, dangin marigayi mijinta, sun yi kyau a kai har zuwa karshen yakin. Littafin tarihinta na shekarar 1857 mai suna Adventures of Mrs Seacole a kasashe da dama, ya hada da babi uku na abincin da ta yi amfani da su da kuma haduwar da ta yi da hafsoshi, wasu daga cikinsu manya ne, har da kwamandan sojojin Turkiyya.

Misis Seacole ta rasa manyan fadace-fadace guda uku na farko na yakin, yayin da take shagaltuwa a Landan wajen halartar jarin jarin zinarenta - ta taso daga Panama, inda ta ba da hidima ga masu neman shiga teku zuwa kogin California Gold Rush. Ta ba da taimako a fagen fama a cikin yaƙe-yaƙe uku na baya, ta fita don halartar waɗanda suka mutu bayan ba da giya da sandwiches ga ƴan kallo.

## Shekarun Baya da Sharar Fage
An haifi Mary Jane Seacole Mary Jane Grant a ranar 23 ga Nuwamba 1805 a Kingston, a cikin Colony na Jamaica, a matsayin memba na al'ummar baƙar fata masu 'yanci a Jamaica. Ita ce 'yar James Grant, ɗan Scotland Laftanar a cikin Sojojin Burtaniya. Mahaifiyarta, Mrs Grant, wadda ake yi wa lakabi da "Doctress", ta kasance mai warkarwa da ke amfani da magungunan gargajiya na Caribbean da na Afirka. Misis Grant ta kuma gudanar da Blundell Hall, gidan kwana a 7, East Street.

A cikin ƙarni na 18, koyarwar Jamaica sun ƙware kan magungunan jama'a, gami da amfani da tsafta da ganyaye. Suna da ilimi mai yawa game da cututtuka na wurare masu zafi, kuma suna da ƙwarewar babban likita wajen magance cututtuka da raunuka, wanda aka samu ta hanyar kula da cututtuka na 'yan uwan bayi a gonakin sukari. A Blundell Hall, Seacole ta sami ƙwarewar aikin jinya, wanda ya haɗa da amfani da tsabta, samun iska, dumi, jin daɗi, hutawa, jin daɗi, abinci mai kyau da kulawa ga masu mutuwa. Blundell Hall ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin gida mai kwantar da hankali ga sojoji da ma'aikatan ruwa da ke murmurewa daga cututtuka kamar kwalara da zazzabin rawaya. Littafin tarihin rayuwar Seacole ya ce ta fara gwajin likitanci, bisa ga abin da ta koya daga mahaifiyarta, ta hanyar yin hidima ga 'yar tsana, sannan ta ci gaba da zama dabbobi kafin ta taimaka wa mahaifiyarta ta yi wa mutane magani. Saboda kusancin danginta da sojoji, ta sami damar lura da ayyukan likitocin soja, kuma ta haɗa wannan ilimin da magungunan Afirka ta yamma da ta samu daga mahaifiyarta. A Jamaica a ƙarshen 18th da farkon ƙarni na 19, mutuwar jarirai sun fi kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na jimlar haihuwa. Koyaya, Seacole, ta yin amfani da magungunan gargajiya na Yammacin Afirka da ayyukan tsafta, ta yi fahariya cewa ba ta taɓa rasa uwa ko ɗanta ba.

## Yaƙin Crimean, 1853–56
Yaƙin Crimean ya kasance daga Oktoba 1853 har zuwa 1 ga Afrilu 1856 kuma an gwabza tsakanin Daular Rasha da ƙawance na Burtaniya, Faransa, Masarautar Sardinia, da Daular Ottoman. Galibin rikicin dai ya faru ne a yankin Crimea da ke gabar tekun Black Sea da kuma Turkiyya.

Dubun-dubatar dakaru daga dukkan kasashen da abin ya shafa an tsara su zuwa yankin, kuma nan da nan cutar ta barke. Daruruwan sun halaka, akasari daga cutar kwalara. Daruruwan kuma za su mutu suna jiran a fitar da su, ko kuma a kan tafiya. Hasashensu bai yi kyau ba lokacin da suka isa asibitoci marasa kyau, marasa tsafta da cunkoson asibitoci wadanda su ne kawai tanadin magunguna ga wadanda suka jikkata. A Biritaniya, wata wasiƙa mai banƙyama a cikin The Times a ranar 14 ga Oktoba ta jawo Sidney Herbert, Sakataren Yaƙi na Gwamnati, ya tunkari Florence Nightingale don samar da ƙungiyar ma'aikatan jinya da za a tura zuwa asibiti don ceton rayuka. An yi hira cikin sauri, aka zaɓi waɗanda suka dace, kuma Nightingale ya tafi Turkiyya a ranar 21 ga Oktoba.[50]

Seacole ta yi tattaki daga Navy Bay a Panama zuwa Ingila, da farko don tunkarar jarin da ta zuba a harkokin kasuwancin hako zinari. Sannan ta yi yunƙurin shiga rukunin na biyu na ma'aikatan jinya zuwa Crimea. Ta nemi Ofishin Yaki da sauran ofisoshin gwamnati, amma tuni aka fara shirye-shiryen tashi. A cikin tarihinta, ta rubuta cewa ta kawo "shaida mai yawa" na gogewarta a aikin jinya, amma misalin da aka bayar a hukumance shine na tsohuwar jami'ar kiwon lafiya ta West Granada Gold- Mining Company. Sai dai Seacole ta rubuta cewa wannan daya ne kawai daga cikin shaidar da take da ita a hannunta. Seacole ta rubuta a cikin tarihin tarihin rayuwarta, "Yanzu, ba zan zargi hukumomin da ba za su saurari tayin wata mace mai launin rawaya ta je Crimea ta yi jinyar 'ya'yanta' a can, masu fama da cutar kwalara. diarrhœa, da kuma yawan marasa lafiya a cikin ƙasata, inda mutane suka san amfani da mu, da ya bambanta; mai kyaun hali, a kan tayi na.

## Manazarta