Dean na mata

**Shugaban mata** a kwaleji ko jami'a a Amurka shine shugaban makaranta mai alhakin kula da harkokin ɗalibai na ɗalibai mata. A farkon shekarun, an san wannan matsayi da wasu sunaye, ciki har da **shugaban makaranta**, **shugaban makaranta**, da kuma **mai ba da shawara ga mata** . 

Shugabannin mata sun bazu a cibiyoyin ilimi na Amurka daga shekarun 1890 zuwa 1960,  wani lokacin ana haɗa su da "Shugaban Maza", kuma galibi suna ba da rahoto kai tsaye ga shugaban makarantar. Duk da haka, a ƙarshen ƙarni na 20, yawancin mukamai na Shugaban Mata an haɗa su zuwa matsayin shugaban ɗalibai .

## Tarihi
Matsayin Shugaban Mata ya samo asali ne daga damuwar tsararrakin farko na masu gudanarwa na jami'o'in haɗin gwiwa, waɗanda suka sami ilimi a makarantun maza kaɗai, tare da gaskiyar ilimin haɗin gwiwa.  Matsayin farko shine matsayin ungozoma, mace da aka ɗora wa alhakin kula da ɗakin kwanan dalibai na mata a farkon shekarun ilimi haɗin gwiwa a shekarun 1870 da 1880.  Yayin da adadin mata a manyan makarantu ya ƙaru sosai a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, an yi kira da a samar da cikakken martani na gudanarwa.  Shugabannin Mata sun yi aiki duka don kiyaye rabuwar kariyar juna tsakanin ɗaliban maza da mata da kuma tabbatar da cewa an kiyaye abubuwan da ake bayarwa na ilimi ga mata da ayyukan ilimi da mata ke yi a cikin babban matsayi. 

A shekarun farko, nauyin da ke kan shugaban mata ba a daidaita shi ba,  amma a farkon karni na 20 ya ɗauki kamannin sana'a cikin sauri. An gudanar da taron ƙwararru na farko na shugabannin mata da masu ba da shawara ga mata a shekarar 1903.  A shekarar 1915, an buga littafi na farko da aka keɓe ga wannan sana'a, littafin Lois Rosenberry *mai suna The Dean of Women* .  A shekarar 1916, an kafa Ƙungiyar Shugabannin Mata ta Ƙasa a Kwalejin Malamai .  A shekarar 1925, akwai aƙalla shugabannin mata 302 a kwalejoji da jami'o'i na Amurka. 

A shekarar 1935, Lucy Diggs Slowe ta kafa wata ƙungiya ta daban ga shugabannin mata 'yan Afirka-Amurka, wato Ƙungiyar Shugabannin Mata da Masu Ba da Shawara ga 'Yan Mata a Makarantun Negro, wadda ta samo asali ne daga ɗabi'ar NADW na gudanar da taruka a otal-otal da aka takaita wa launin fata. 

Sarah Blanding ta fara lura da yanayin rage darajar mata da kuma kawar da shugabannin mata a shekarar 1946, wadda ta lura da shugabannin mata suna ƙarƙashin jagorancin maza masu kula da harkokin ɗalibai na gabaɗaya.  Zuwa shekarar 1962, kashi 30% ne kawai na shugabannin mata suka ba da rahoto kai tsaye ga shugaban cibiyarsu,  kuma zuwa shekarun 1970 matsayin da kansa ya zama ba kasafai yake ba. Mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata Ella Lillian Wall Van Leer ta kan halarci taruka a DC akai-akai don taimakawa wajen ƙarfafa mata da yawa da ke shiga cikin harkokin ilimi da injiniyanci.  

Shugabannin Mata galibi mata ne, kodayake ba koyaushe haka lamarin yake ba.  Kawar da shugabannin mata a ƙarshen ƙarni na 20 ya haifar da raguwar adadin mata a cikin mukamai na gudanarwa a manyan makarantu, saboda yawancin shugabannin ɗaliban da suka maye gurbinsu maza ne.  A ƙarshen shekarun 1980, ƙasa da kashi 20% na shugabannin ɗalibai mata ne. 

## Manyan shugabannin mata

* Thyrsa Amos, Jami'ar Pittsburgh
* Sarah Gibson Blanding, Jami'ar Kentucky
* Ada Comstock, Jami'ar Minnesota
* Eunice Hilton, Jami'ar Syracuse
* Annie Marion MacLean, Kwalejin Shimer da Jami'ar Stetson
* Lucy Sprague Mitchell, Jami'ar California Berkeley
* Alice Freeman Palmer, Jami'ar Chicago, Shugabar Mata ta farko a Amurka
* Lois Carter Kimball Mathews Rosenberry, Jami'ar Wisconsin, 1911-1918
* Lucy Diggs Slowe, Jami'ar Howard
* Lucy Ward Stebbins, Jami'ar California Berkeley
* Marion Talbot, Jami'ar Chicago
* Mildred Bertha Thurow Tate, Cibiyar Fasaha ta Virginia da Jami'ar Jiha (yanzu Virginia Tech )
* Emily Taylor, Jami'ar Kansas
* Josephine Turpin Washington, Jami'ar Wilberforce
* Frances Willard, Jami'ar Arewa maso Yamma

## Ayyukan da aka ambata

*  
*  
*  
* 

## Manazarta