open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Kate F. O'Connor

**Kate F. O'Connor** (31 ga Mayu, 1863 - 25 ga Mayu, 1945) ƙwararriyar 'yar kasuwa ce kuma mai fafutuka a Illinois . Ta kasance mai himma a cikin ƙungiyar mata ta zaɓen 'yan takara da kuma ƙoƙarin tabbatar da haƙƙin ma'aikata ga mata da yara a faɗin Midwest .

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Kate F. O'Connor a Rockford, Illinois, a shekara ta 1863.    Ita ce ƙarama a cikin 'yan'uwa takwas da aka haifa wa Cornelius da Mary O'Malley O'Connor, waɗanda suka yi ƙaura daga Ireland .  

O'Connor ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Rockford a shekarar 1878, kuma a shekarar 1882 ta fara aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar magatakardar gundumar Winnebago .    Daga baya ta zama lauya a bainar jama'a .   Banda aiki, ta ɗauki azuzuwan fasaha a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Chicago, wacce yanzu haka Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago ce, kuma ta kafa ƙungiyar masu hawa dawaki . 

## Aiki da fafutuka

### Zaɓen 'yan mata
An san O'Connor da "ra'ayoyinta masu ƙarfi," ta zama mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, tana fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata na shiga siyasa.   Ta kasance memba mai rijista a ƙungiyar Illinois League of Women Voters .   LWV da sauran ƙungiyoyi da ta shiga sun fara zaɓenta a matsayin wakiliya zuwa tarurrukan ƙasa.  Za ta sami karramawa ta ƙasa saboda aikinta na mai ra'ayin mazan jiya a 1929, tare da Jane Addams da Catherine Waugh McCulloch .  Ta hanyar fafutukarta, ta kuma zama abokai da fitattun mutane kamar Eleanor Roosevelt da Francis Perkins . 

### Kasuwanci
Fafutukarta ta shiga cikin rikici da aikinta na ƙwararru lokacin da wani sabon ma'aikacin gundumar ya yi kira da ta yi murabus a matsayin mataimakiya a 1894, yana da'awar cewa tana ɓatar da lokaci mai yawa kan wasu ayyuka. [1] Duk da haka, ta sami damar ci gaba da riƙe matsayinta har zuwa 1898, lokacin da ta yi murabus ta buɗe ofishinta a matsayin 'yar kasuwa mai zaman kanta, tana ba da ayyukan shari'a, kasuwanci, da gidaje. [1] Daga 1914 zuwa 1926, O'Connor ta ƙaura zuwa Chicago da Detroit, inda ta yi aiki a kan manyan yarjejeniyoyi na gidaje, kafin ta koma Rockford. [1] [2] [3]

Mace mai zaman kanta, O'Connor ta fi son sanya jaket da wando na suttura fiye da riguna.  Ta shawarci sauran mata da ke son shiga kasuwanci da su "manta da jan baki" kuma su "yi amfani da damar namiji."  

## Manazarta
Maria Moreno (mai fafutuka)

**Maria Moreno** (22 ga Oktoba, 1920  – 9 ga Yuli, 1989)  ma'aikaciyar gona ce ' yar Amurka kuma mai shirya kwadago . Ita ce mace ta farko da aka ɗauka aiki a gona don zama wakiliyar ƙungiyar kwadago .

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Moreno Maria Martinez Torres a birnin Karnes, Texas, ga ma'aikatan ƙaura. Mahaifinta, Vicente Martinez, maraya ne na juyin juya halin Mexico . Mahaifiyarta, Leonarda Torres, Mescalero Apache ce. Maria ta auri Luis Moreno tana da shekaru 15. Sun shiga ƙaura zuwa California a shekarar 1940. Maria da Luis daga ƙarshe sun haifi 'ya'ya 12: Lillian, Abel, Elida, Elvira, Martha, Joe, Elizabeth, Tito, Yolanda, Eva, Olivia, da Alex. 

## Sana'a
Fafutukar Moreno ta fara ne a shekarar 1958, bayan ambaliyar ruwa ta lalata amfanin gona ta kuma dakatar da aikin gona. An hana ma'aikatan gona tallafin abinci, kuma iyalanta sun kusa yin yunwa.  A shekarar 1959, an dauke ta aiki a matsayin mai shiryawa ga Kwamitin Shirya Ma'aikatan Noma (AWOC), inda ta zama mace ta farko da aka dauka aiki a Amurka a matsayin mai shirya kungiyar kwadago. 

A watan Disamba na 1961, AFL-CIO ta dakatar da tallafin AWOC. An zaɓi Moreno don ya yi shari'ar AWOC a taron ƙasa na AFL-CIO a Miami Beach, Florida. AWOC ƙaramin ƙungiya ce har ta ba da wakili ɗaya kawai a hukumance, Maria Moreno. Wakilinta na madadin shi ne Neil Scott, wani ma'aikacin gona na Okie. Tare da rakiyar sauran membobin AWOC Otto Johnson da Violet Rotan, sun tuka mota a faɗin ƙasar don halartar taron, inda jawabin Maria mai cike da sha'awa ya shawo kan ƙungiyar ta dawo da kuɗin. [1]

Wannan muhimmin lokaci ne a tarihin ma'aikata na California, domin ƙungiyar ta kasance ba ta da wani tasiri, inda rassan AWOC na Filipino waɗanda Larry Itliong ke jagoranta suka fi ƙarfin faɗa. Duk da cewa yajin aikin inabi na 1965 galibi ana danganta shi da ƙungiyar ma'aikatan gona ta ƙasa ta Cesar Chavez da Dolores Huerta, membobin AWOC na Filipino ne suka fara shi, waɗanda daga baya NFWA ta haɗa su. Ƙungiyoyin biyu sun haɗu a shekarar 1966, suna haɗin gwiwa da AFL-CIO na ƙasa.

## Manazarta
Sandy Paparoma

**Alexandra 'Sandy' Pope** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1956) 'yar Amurka ce mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ma'aikata. Direban babbar mota ce kuma tana aiki a rumbun adana kaya kafin a zaɓe ta a matsayin Shugabar Ƙungiyar 'Yan Uwa ta Duniya ta Teamsters Local 805 a birnin New York . Mazauniyar Astoria, Queens, memba ce a ƙungiyar sake fasalin Teamsters don Ƙungiyar 'Yan Democrat . [1] A shekara ta 2011, Paparoma ya ƙalubalanci shugaban IBT mai ci James P. Hoffa . Ita ce mace ta farko da ta tsaya takarar shugaban ƙungiyar Teamsters, ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa mai membobi miliyan 1.3 a lokacin. [2] [3] [4]

## Manazarta
Alzira Peirce

**Alzira Handforth Peirce Albaugh** (née **Boehm** ; Janairu 31, 1908 &#x2013; Yuni 19, 2010) mawakiyar Amurka ce.

## Rayuwar farko
Ita da 'yan uwanta sun ƙaura zuwa Circle, Montana, don zama a matsayin masu gidaje bayan mutuwar mahaifinsu, August Abraham Boehm. Mahaifiyarsu, Hazel Hunter Handforth (Satumba 12, 1883, Huntsville, Missouri - , Central Islip, New York ) ɗan takarar zaɓe ne, mai kula da gidaje, sannan daga baya, mai sayar da abinci a Greenwich Village da ke New York a shekarun 1920.

Mahaifinta, August Abraham Boehm (an haife shi a shekara ta 1880, Vienna, Austria-Hungary - ya mutu a [1] 1916), ɗan ƙasar Austria ne mai haɓaka gidaje na birnin New York wanda asalinsa Yahudawa ne. August Boehm ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Columbia a shekara ta 1901 [2] amma ya fuskanci firgicin shekarar 1907 wanda mahaifinsa, Abraham Boehm (1841, Jamus - 1912, New York), wani Bayahude ɗan ƙasar Jamus [1] mai haɓaka gidaje na birnin New York, ya rasa mafi yawan dukiyarsa. Boehm & Coon (an haife shi a shekara ta 1882) sun ba da umarnin gina ɗaya daga cikin manyan gine-gine na farko a birnin New York, Ginin Diamond Exchange mai hawa 11 (1893–94), da kuma The Langham, wani gini mai daraja a Manhattan . Babban Boehm ya haɗu da Sir Hiram Stevens Maxim wajen gabatar da injunan iskar gas zuwa Turai . [3]

Alzira ta girma a McCone County, Montana, tana buga harmonica, tana zana dawaki, kuma tana hawa dawaki. Lokacin da take da shekaru 13, ta koma New York ta nemi aiki ta hannun ɗaya daga cikin kawunta na uba, wani mai zane. A New York ta yi karatu a Ƙungiyar Ɗaliban Fasaha kuma daga baya ta yi tafiya zuwa Paris don karatu. Ta yi zane, ta sassaka, kuma ta zana ayyuka da yawa na fasaha. An buga waƙoƙinta a cikin *The New Yorker* .  

## Sana'a
Ta koyar da zane-zane ga matuƙan jirgin ruwa da ke hutu a Ƙungiyar Matuƙan Jirgin Ƙasa ta Duniya . Ɗaya daga cikin ɗalibanta ita ce mai zane mai ban dariya Gahan Wilson . An ambaci nune-nunen zane-zanenta a cikin "Who was Who in American Art" shafi na 477 Tarihin Rayuwar Mawakan Amurka Masu Aiki daga 1898 zuwa 1947, ta Sound View Press 1985.

Ta yi aiki a Red Cross a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu na kusan shekaru biyu. Ta kasance kyaftin na American Red Cross Motor Corps kuma ita ce shugabar horar da sojoji na ƙungiyar kare fararen hula ta Rockland County. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai tsara rundunonin rundunar tuƙi, tana horar da su, da kuma kula da ayyukansu.

Ta tashi daga ofis  ga kyaftin kuma ta jagoranci sashin horar da direbobin OCD. An tura ta zuwa wani yanki na tsarin wurin shakatawa wanda ya haɗa da wani ɓangare na 'Yan Sanda na Palisades Interstate Park, Hukuma ta Huɗu, Tafkin Rockland na Gundumar ta Biyu, New York, a ranar 7 ga Yuni, 1942. An kuma ambaci Alzira Peirce a matsayin wacce karamar hukumar Haverstraw, Rockland County, New York, ta yi aiki a ranar 26 ga Satumba, 1942, saboda aikinta da rundunar motoci.

## Manazarta
Dollie Lowther Robinson

**Dollie Lowther Robinson** (ta mutu a ranar 4 ga Agusta, 1983) 'yar siyasa ce ta Amurka  kuma ma'aikaciyar kare hakkin ma'aikata, wacce aka fi sani da aikinta da ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Dollie Lowther Robinson, 'yar asalin birnin Elizabeth NC, ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Brooklyn . Ta ci gaba da samun digiri na LL. B. daga Makarantar Shari'a ta New York .  Robinson kuma ta sami tallafin karatu na aiki a Makarantar Kwadago ta Hudson Shore da Cibiyar Wellesley don Ci gaban Jama'a. 

## Aiki da tasiri

### Haƙƙin Ma'aikata
Robinson ta yi aiki don kare haƙƙin ma'aikata a fannoni daban-daban. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai bincike kan zamantakewa a birnin New York.  Tana da alaƙa da ƙungiyoyi da dama, ciki har da Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Amurka da Majalisar Ƙungiyoyin Masana'antu (AFL-CIO) .  A shekarar 1955, an naɗa ta Sakatare a Ma'aikatar Ma'aikata ta Jihar New York .  A shekarar 1961, an naɗa ta a matsayin Mataimakiyar Musamman ga Daraktan Ofishin Mata na Ma'aikatar Ma'aikata a ƙarƙashin Gwamnatin Kennedy.  Robinson ta bar wannan matsayin a shekarar 1963 don yin aiki a matsayin mataimakiya ta musamman ga shugaban ƙungiyar Otel da Sabis na Allied, Peter Ottley.  Robinson kuma ta shiga fagen siyasa. A shekarar 1968, ta yi takarar kujera a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka a kan 'yar Majalisar Dokokin Jihar New York Shirley Chisholm da Sanata William C. Thompson na Jihar New York. 

### Adirondack Park
An naɗa Robinson a matsayin wakili a taron kundin tsarin mulki na jihar New York na 1967, ta gabatar da jawabi mai cike da sha'awa game da wani gyara da aka tsara wanda zai sa Adirondacks su sami damar yin sabbin gine-gine a cikin dazuzzukan daji. Ta jaddada cewa wurin shakatawa na kowa ne, ba kawai masu hannu da shuni ba. Jawabinta ya samu karbuwa sosai kuma an yaba wa aikin Robinson da shan kaye a gyaran kuma an yi la'akari da shi a matsayin abin da ya gabaci Dokar Hukumar Adirondack Park ta 1971. [1] Adirondack Park shine wurin shakatawa mafi girma a Amurka mai makwabtaka kuma yana da tsarin hanya mafi girma a ƙasar. [2] [3]

## Manazarta
Julie Chávez Rodriguez

**Julie Chávez Rodriguez** (an haife ta a ranar 7 ga Afrilu, 1978)  tsohuwar mai ba da shawara kan harkokin siyasa ce 'yar Amurka kuma ita ce manajan kamfen na yakin neman zaben mataimakin shugaban kasa Kamala Harris a shekarar 2024, inda ta sauya sheka zuwa wannan mukami daga yakin neman zaben sake zaben shugaban kasa Joe Biden a shekarar 2024.

Daga 2008 zuwa 2016, Chávez Rodriguez ta yi aiki a gwamnatin Obama, inda da farko ta yi aiki a Sakataren Harkokin Cikin Gida na Amurka sannan daga baya ta yi aiki a Ofishin Hulɗa da Jama'a na Fadar White House . A shekarar 2016, an naɗa ta darakta ta jiha ga Sanata Kamala Harris kuma daga 2017 zuwa 2019 ta yi aiki a yakin neman zaben Harris na 2020. A shekarar 2020, Biden, wanda daga baya ya zama ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyyar Democrat, ya ɗauki Chávez Rodriguez a matsayin babban mai ba da shawara kan wayar da kan jama'a game da Latin Amurka a yakin neman zaɓensa na shugaban ƙasa . A shekarar 2021, an naɗa Chávez Rodriguez a matsayin darektan Ofishin Harkokin Mulki na Fadar White House ta Biden. A shekarar 2022 an naɗa ta babbar mai ba da shawara ga shugaban ƙasa, kuma a shekarar 2023, a matsayin manajan kamfen ɗinsa.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Rodriguez a Delano, California .  An girma ta a Tehachapi a cikin dangin masu fafutukar kwadago da suka shahara da ke da alaƙa da ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Gona ta Amurka ta United Farm . Ita 'yar Linda Chávez Rodriguez ce da Arturo Rodriguez, kuma jikanyar mai fafutukar kwadago ta Amurka, Helen Fabela Chávez, da kuma shugaban ƙungiyar kwadago ta Amurka, César Chávez . Iyayenta sun kasance masu aikin sa kai na cikakken lokaci ga UFWA. Rodriguez sau da yawa yakan halarci tarukan kwadago tare da iyayenta da kakanninta kuma yana taimaka musu a ayyukan wayar da kan jama'a na UFWA. 

Rodriguez ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Tehachapi, sannan daga baya ta halarci Jami'ar California, Berkeley, inda ta sami digiri na farko a fannin Nazarin Latin Amurka a shekarar 2000. 

A lokacin hutun bazara, Rodriguez ta yi aiki a AFL–CIO . Ta kuma yi lokacin bazara tana aikin sa kai tare da UFWA, tana shirya masu girbin strawberry a Watsonville, California . 

## Sana'a
Daga 2001 zuwa 2008, Rodriguez ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan shirye-shirye a Gidauniyar Cesar Chavez. 

## Manazarta
Cherylin Peniston

**Cherylin Naylor Peniston**  (an haife ta a ranar 3 ga Maris 1948  ) tsohuwar 'yar majalisa ce a jihar Colorado ta Amurka . Ta kasance malamar makarantar gwamnati ta farko, Peniston an fara zaɓenta a matsayin 'yar Democrat a shekarar 2006 zuwa Majalisar Wakilai ta Colorado . Ta wakilci Majalisar Gundumar 35 ta Majalisar Wakilai, wacce ta ƙunshi yawancin Westminster, Colorado da sassan Arvada .  Tsawon wa'adi, ba ta nemi sake tsayawa takara a shekarar 2014 ba. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife ta a Chicago, Illinois,  Peniston ta sami digirin farko a fannin ilimi daga Jami'ar La Verne a shekarar 1970,  kuma ta shafe aikinta tana koyar da ilimin zamantakewa da harsunan waje a Makarantar Middle School ta Scott Carpenter da ke Gundumar Makarantar Adams County 50 daga 1971 zuwa 1999. 

A lokacin da take koyarwa, ta sami digirin digirgir na biyu a fannin Nazarin Ƙasashen Duniya daga Jami'ar Denver a shekarar 1990, kuma ta lashe guraben karatu guda biyu na Fulbright don yin karatu a ƙasashen waje — na tsawon makonni shida a Masar a shekarar 1987 da kuma na tsawon makonni uku a Japan a shekarar 1997. [1] [2]

Tsakanin 1999 da 2003, an zaɓe Peniston a wa'adi biyu a matsayin shugabar ƙungiyar ilimi ta Westminster, ƙungiyar ' yan asalin ƙasar da ke da alaƙa da ƙungiyar ilimi ta ƙasa .  Ta kuma kasance memba na Gidauniyar Ilimi ta Gundumar 50, kuma ta kasance mataimakiyar malamar makaranta a Makarantar Middle School ta Scott Carpenter daga 2003 zuwa 2006. 

Daga 2005 zuwa 2006, Peniston ta kasance Mataimakiyar Sakatare na Jam'iyyar Democrat ta Adams County,  kuma memba ce a Jam'iyyar Democrat ta Adams County Latino PAC da kuma Colorado Democratic Latino Initiative.  Peniston tana da aure; ita da mijinta, WJ, suna da 'ya'ya biyu, Erin da Geoffry, da kuma aƙalla jika ɗaya.  

## Manazarta
Liz Ortega

**Elizabeth Ortega-Toro** (an haife *ta* a ranar **26** ga Agusta, 1977) 'yar siyasa ce kuma babbar jami'ar kwadago ta Amurka wacce take memba a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar California daga gundumar 20 tun daga 2022. 'Yar jam'iyyar Democrat, gundumar ta ta haɗa da kudancin Gabashin Gabashin Yankin San Francisco .

An haife ta a Guadalajara, Mexico, Ortega ta yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka tana da shekaru uku kuma ta girma a Oakland . Tana da digirin farko a fannin kimiyya daga Jami'ar Phoenix .  Ta yi aiki a matsayin darektan siyasa na jihar baki ɗaya na AFSCME Local 3299 kafin ta zama Latina ta farko da aka zaɓa don yin aiki a matsayin babban sakatare-ma'ajin Majalisar Ma'aikata ta Alameda, majalisar ƙwadago ta tsakiya wacce ke wakiltar dukkan ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago a gundumar Alameda . 

An fara zaɓen Ortega a Majalisar Dokoki a shekarar 2022, inda ta kayar da ɗan Majalisar Birnin Dublin Shawn Kumagai.  Ta hau kan mulki a ranar 5 ga Disamba, 2022.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Ortega a Mexico a ranar 26 ga Agusta, 1977.   Iyalinta sun fito ne daga yankin Guadalajara .  Ortega ta yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka tana da shekaru uku tare da mahaifiyarta da ɗan'uwanta; mahaifinta ya riga ya yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka. Sun ketare iyaka a San Diego suka ƙaura zuwa unguwar Fruitvale da ke Oakland, inda aka rene Ortega kuma ta halarci makarantar gwamnati.  

Ortega ta halarci Jami'ar Phoenix a harabarta a Oakland. Ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin shari'a a fannin shari'a a shekarar 2009. 

## Aikin ma'aikata
Ortega ta fara aikinta na aiki a matsayin mai karɓar baƙi a SEIU a shekara ta 2001. Daga baya ta zama mai ba da horo kan ilimi a SEIU kuma daga ƙarshe aka ɗaukaka ta zuwa mataimakiyar darakta a Gidajen Ilimi da Kula da Marasa Lafiya. [1] A shekara ta 2011, ta zama darektan siyasa na Majalisar Ma'aikata ta Alameda, wata majalisar ma'aikata mai alaƙa da AFL-CIO wadda ke wakiltar dukkan ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata a Gundumar Alameda, daga 2011 zuwa 2013. [2]

A shekarar 2013, Ortega ta shiga AFSCME Local 3299 a matsayin daraktar siyasa ta jihar. A matsayinta na daraktar siyasa ta jihar, tana zaune a Sacramento kuma ta yi kira ga Majalisar Dokokin Jihar California da ta amince da dokar da ta yi nasara don kare muhimman ayyukan hidima a dukkan harabar Jami'ar California . 

Ortega ta koma Majalisar Ma'aikata ta Alameda a shekarar 2017 a matsayin Sakatare-Janar na Babban Ma'ajiyarta. Ita ce Latina ta farko da ta yi aiki a wannan matsayin. 

## Manazarta
Katie Quan

**Katie Quan** babbar jami'a ce a Cibiyar Bincike da Ilimi ta UC Berkeley, tsohuwar shugabar cibiyar, kuma tsohuwar mai shirya ayyukan kwadago. A shekarar 1982, tana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka shirya yajin aikin ma'aikatan tufafi na tarihi a Chinatown da ke birnin New York .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Quan kuma ta girma a San Francisco .  A shekarar 1975, ta koma birnin New York, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai dinki a wani masana'antar tufafi ta Chinatown . Bayan ta shiga ƙungiyar ma'aikatan tufafi ta mata ta duniya Local 23–25, ta fara aiki a ƙungiyar, tana shirya tarurrukan dakatar da aiki don yin shawarwari kan farashi mafi kyau don aikin hannu .  A shekarar 1982, ta taimaka wajen shirya yajin aikin ma'aikatan tufafi masu nasara. 

### Yajin aikin ma'aikatan tufafi na 1982
Quan, wacce ita ma'aikaciya ce a ɗaya daga cikin manyan shagunan tufafi na Chinatown, ta rubuta wa wata jaridar al'ummar China, Sing Tao Daily, kafin yajin aikin domin jawo hankalin manema labarai game da wannan manufa. Ta ƙarfafa ma'aikata su yi yajin aiki tare da ƙungiyar kwadago, sannan ta haɗa da lambar wayarta. Ta sami kira mai yawa a martanin da ta mayar, wanda hakan ya ƙara wa ƙoƙarin ƙungiyarta. [1]

A lokacin yajin aikin, ma'aikatan tufafi 20,000, waɗanda yawancinsu mata 'yan Asiya ne 'yan Amurka, sun yi tattaki ta Chinatown da ke New York zuwa Columbus Park (Manhattan) suna kira da a sabunta kwangilolin ƙungiyar. Sun sanya hulunan ƙungiyar da suka dace kuma suna ɗauke da alamun Ingilishi da Sinanci waɗanda ke ƙarfafa goyon bayan ƙungiyar.  Sakamakon yajin aikin, kusan dukkan masana'antun tufafi na Chinatown waɗanda a da suka ƙi sanya hannu kan kwangilolin ƙungiyar sun amince da yin hakan, wanda ya haifar da ingantaccen yanayin aiki da ƙarin albashi.  Yajin aikin na 1982 ya kuma haifar da wasu gyare-gyare ga dangantaka tsakanin membobin ƙungiyar da shugabannin ƙungiyar, da kuma ƙaruwar ayyukan al'umma. Ƙungiyar ta ɗauki ma'aikata masu harsuna biyu don samar da fassarar Sinanci da Sifaniyanci na hanyoyin sadarwa. Ƙungiyar ta kuma ba da ƙarin azuzuwan Turanci, ayyukan tallafawa shige da fice, ayyukan kiwon lafiya, da albarkatun kula da yara. 

### Daga baya fafutukar kare hakkin ma'aikata
Quan ya ci gaba da zama mataimakin shugaban ƙasa da ƙasa na ILGWU, kuma magajinsa, Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Needletrades, Masana'antu da Yadi (UNITE). 

## Manazarta
Vivian Rothstein

**Vivian Leburg Rothstein** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1946) ƙwararriyar mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ma'aikata ce, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata, kuma mai tsara al'umma. Ta taka rawa sosai a fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a da kuma fafutukar zaman lafiya. Ta kuma kafa ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin mata ta Chicago .

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Vivian Rothstein a Jamaica, Queens a 1946.  Iyayenta sun sake ta jim kaɗan bayan haihuwarta, kuma, a 1952, mahaifiyar Rothstein ta ɗauke Vivan da 'yar uwarta zuwa Los Angeles, California.  Mahaifiyar Rothstein 'yar gudun hijira ce daga Jamus zuwa Yahudawa kuma ta tsira daga Yaƙin Duniya na II, kuma mai kula da littattafai a wani shagon sutura.  A Los Angeles, Rothstein ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Hollywood . Ta ci gaba da zuwa Jami'ar California, Berkeley saboda tana sha'awar "tsarin siyasa da zamantakewa" da take bayarwa. 

## Ƙungiyoyin fafutuka
A lokacin da take Berkeley, Rothstein ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta kuma tana zaune a gidajen haɗin gwiwa. Ta koyar da ɗalibai a Oakland, California wanda ta bayyana a matsayin "mu'amala ta farko da al'ummar Baƙar fata masu ƙarancin kuɗi." [1] A Berkeley ne ta fara shiga cikin ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin jama'a. A shekarar 1963, Rothstein ta halarci zanga-zangar da Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) ta shirya. [2] Ta shiga zanga-zangar adawa da kamfanoni biyu, wata kasuwa mai suna Lucky's da kuma wani gidan cin abinci mai suna Sambo's, saboda ayyukan ɗaukar ma'aikata masu wariya. A shekararta ta farko a Berkeley, ta kuma shiga zanga-zangar Auto Row da aka yi kan wasu dillalan motoci, waɗanda aka kama ta a karon farko. [1]

Rothstein ta ce ta "gaji da zama mai shiga tsakani kawai wanda dole ne ya karɓi umarni daga shugabanci ba tare da wata jayayya a cikin yanke shawara ba", kuma ta yanke shawarar zama mai ba da agaji na bazara na Mississippi Freedom a 1965.  Ta bayyana son yin aikin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a Kudu saboda tana son koyon yadda ake zama mai shiryawa wanda ke da hannu a cikin al'ummar da take fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a.  Yayin da take Mississippi, Rothstein ta yi zanga-zangar neman haɗin kan makarantu da yin rijistar masu zaɓe. 

Rothstein ya ci gaba da yin ayyuka da yawa na tsara al'umma a Chicago, farawa da aikin shirya al'umma na Students for a Democratic Society 's Jobs or Income Now (JOIN). 

Rothstein ta je Vietnam a shekarar 1967, tana da shekaru 21, tare da wasu gungun masu fafutuka da ke ƙoƙarin sa ido kan gaskiyar ikirarin gwamnati game da inda ake kai hare-haren bama-bamai da kuma irin makaman da ake amfani da su. Ƙungiyar ta damu musamman game da harin bam da aka kai wa fararen hula. Bayan ta dawo Amurka, an kwace mata fasfo, sai Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Sojojin Ruwa ta biyo ta a Chicago, kuma ta rasa ayyuka biyu.  Rothstein ta ci gaba da zama babban mai shirya rundunar Jeannette Rankin Brigade, wadda ta shirya zanga-zangar mata ta farko ta ƙasa don adawa da shigar Amurka cikin Yaƙin Vietnam a Washington, DC a shekarar 1968. 

## Manazarta
Elizabeth Flynn Rodgers

**Elizabeth Flynn Rodgers** (25 ga Agusta, 1847) A ranar 27 ga Agusta, 1939) shugabar ma'aikata 'yar asalin ƙasar Ireland ce. Rodgers tana ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da suka riƙe mukami a ƙungiyar Knights of Labour, tana fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata a wurin aiki yayin da take renon 'ya'yanta goma. A shekarun 1870, ta jagoranci ƙaramin rukuni na mata don kafa ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Mata, ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta farko ga mata a Chicago. Daga baya a rayuwata, ta taimaka wajen kafa ƙungiyar inshorar rayuwa ta 'yan'uwa, ƙungiyar mata ta Katolika ta Foresters, kuma ta jagoranci ƙungiyar tsawon shekaru sama da goma sha biyar.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Elizabeth Flynn a Woodford, Ireland, a ranar 25 ga Agusta, 1847.  Ita 'yar Robert Flynn ce da Bridget (Campbell) Flynn.  Lokacin da Flynn take ƙarama, iyalinta sun ƙaura zuwa Kanada, kuma ta girma kuma ta yi karatu a Landan, Ontario . 

Tun tana ƙarama, ta auri George Rodgers, wani mai ra'ayin gurguzu da kuma mai shirya ƙungiyoyin kwadago.  Dukansu sun yi fafutukar kare haƙƙin ma'aikata kuma kamfanoni sun saka musu takunkumi, wanda hakan ya tilasta musu ƙaura sau da yawa don neman aiki.  Don tallafa wa iyalansu da ke ƙaruwa, Rodgers ya ɗauki masu kula da gidaje yayin da George ke neman aiki a matsayin mai ƙera ƙarfe. 

## Aiki a cikin Gudanar da Ma'aikata
Iyalin sun zauna a Chicago a farkon shekarun 1870, kuma Rodgers ya ƙara shigarta cikin ƙungiyar kwadago tare da mijinta. [1] Duk da cewa sun ƙunshi kusan kashi 18% na ma'aikata, mata ba a fara maraba da su a cikin ƙungiyar Knights of Labor ba. [2] A martanin da ya bayar, a shekarar 1878, Rodgers ya jagoranci ƙaramin rukuni na mata don kafa ƙungiyar mata masu aiki (WWU), ƙungiyar mata ta farko a Chicago. [3] WWU ta ƙunshi mata masu karɓar albashi, masu ɗinki, da bayin gida, kuma membobinta sun haɗa da Lucy Parsons, Lizzie Swank, da Alzina Stevens . [1] Shugabannin ƙungiyar kwadago sun yi aiki don sanar da ma'aikata haƙƙoƙinsu kuma sun shiga ƙungiyar kamfen ta awanni takwas a rana . [1]

A shekara ta 1881, ƙungiyar Knights of Labour ta buɗe wa mata membobinta.  An naɗa Rodgers a matsayin "Mai Ba da Shawara" (shugaban Majalisar Gundumar 24) a shekara ta 1886, inda ya mamaye dukkan Chicago banda Stockyards .  Ita ce mace ta farko da ta riƙe wannan matsayi a ƙungiyar Knights.  Rodgers ya taimaka wajen haɓaka shigar mata cikin ƙungiyar Knights of Labour.  

## Manazarta
Florence Rood

**Florence Rood** (1873–1944) malamar makaranta ce 'yar Amurka kuma mai fafutukar neman 'yan kwadago daga Saint Paul, Minnesota .  Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar ƙungiyar malamai ta Amurka ta biyu daga 1924 zuwa 1926, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama mace ta farko da ta zama shugabar ƙungiyar da ke da alaƙa da AFL wadda ta haɗa da maza da mata. A shekarar 1922, ta zama mace ta farko da ta jagoranci taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Kasuwanci da Ma'aikata ta Saint Paul. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Rood a Iowa a matsayin na huɗu cikin yara shida, kuma ta girma tana halartar Cocin Congregational . Iyalinta sun daraja ilimi kuma Rood ta san tun tana ƙarama cewa za ta zama malamar makaranta. A watan Yunin 1888, iyalinta sun ƙaura zuwa St. Paul. Ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Sakandare ta St. Paul a 1892, kuma ta ci gaba da koyarwa a makarantun karkara a Iowa da North Dakota. Ba da daɗewa ba ta koma St. Paul don halartar Makarantar Al'ada ta horar da malamai, inda ta kammala karatunta a 1894. Daga nan ta koyar a Makarantar Webster ta St. Paul na tsawon shekaru 19. 

A shekara ta 1898, Rood ta taimaka wajen kafa Ƙungiyar Malaman Aji, wadda ta wakilci fannin koyarwa na mata mafi yawancinsu mata ne a St. Paul. A matsayinta na wani ɓangare na wannan rukunin, Rood ta bayyana a gaban Hukumar Masu Kula da Makarantu suna jayayya kan ƙarin albashi ga malaman makarantun renon yara yayin da matsayin makarantun renon yara ke buƙatar ilimi daidai da na malaman aji. A shekara ta 1913, Rood ta zama shugabar sashen makarantun renon yara na Makarantar Al'ada, kuma ta haɓaka shirin makarantun renon yara/firamare. Daga nan ta zama mai kula da makarantun renon yara na makarantun St. Paul tsakanin 1916 da 1917. [1]

A shekarar 1909, Rood ya yi fafutukar kin amincewa da wata doka ta jiha da aka gabatar don tsarin albashi bisa ga cancanta inda albashin ya dogara ne akan matakin ilimi da kuma matsayi na gaba. Bayan da Majalisar Dokokin Minnesota ta ba da izinin fansho, Rood ya jagoranci wata ƙungiyar malamai wajen tsara tsarin fansho wanda ya fara aiki a shekarar 1910. 

A shekarar 1918, malaman makarantun firamare na St. Paul suka shiga ƙungiyar malamai ta Amurka, inda suka kafa ƙungiyar Local 28.  Tare da mambobi kusan 400, ƙungiyar ta yi alaƙa da Majalisar Kasuwanci da Ma'aikata ta St. Paul. Rood ta zama shugabar gida, kuma an zaɓe ta a majalisar zartarwa ta AFT ta ƙasa a shekarar 1919. Ta zama mace ta biyu da ta zama shugabar ƙungiyar a shekarar 1924. 

## Manazarta
Veda Shook

**Veda Shook** ita ce tsohuwar Shugabar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Ƙungiyar Masu Hidimar Jiragen Sama - CWA, AFL-CIO .  Ta kasance mai hidimar jirgin sama ta Alaska Airlines tun 1991, a baya ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Shugabar Ƙasashen Duniya ta AFA na wa'adin aiki daga ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2007. A yau, AFA-CWA tana wakiltar kusan masu hidimar jirgin sama 60,000 a kamfanonin jiragen sama 23. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin membobi 53 na Majalisar Zartarwa ta AFL-CIO . 

## Farkon aikina
Shook ta kasance mai kula da jirgin sama a Alaska Airlines tun daga ranar 7 ga Yuni, 1991. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan fara aikinta, Veda ta shirya tare da sauran ma'aikatan jirgin sama na Portland don samun matsayi a cikin ƙungiyar don sansanin masu kula da jirgin sama na Portland kuma ta zama shugabar yankin na majalisar Portland ta AFA.  Ta kafa kwamitin Masu Shirya Masu Sa-kai don Bayanai, Sadarwa da Ilimi (VOICE), kuma ta yi aiki da kwamitin VOICE. 

## Shiryawa
An ɗauki Shook aiki don taimakawa wajen shirya kamfen ɗin AFA a Delta Air Lines tun kafin ta zama shugabar Hukumar Kula da Makamai ta Alaska. A matsayinta na mai shirya ƙungiyoyin kwadago, ta tsara ayyukan da za a yi a yankunan yamma a lokacin kamfen ɗin Delta na farko na AFA. Har zuwa lokacin da aka zaɓe ta a matsayin Shugabar Ƙasashen Duniya a watan Afrilun 2010, Veda ta jagoranci ƙoƙarin ƙungiyar a kamfen ɗin shirya ma'aikatan jirgin Delta. A lokacin da take aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Shugabar Ƙasashen Duniya, Veda ta shiga cikin shirye-shiryen shirya ma'aikatan jirgin a Lynx Air International, USA3000, Ryan International da Compass Airlines . Tun daga watan Yunin 2014, magajin Veda a matsayin Shugabar Ƙasashen Duniya shine Sara Nelson AFA, wacce ta fara shirin yajin aikin CHAOS na AFA. [1]

Shook ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Kuɗi, Dokoki/Manufofi, da Kwamitocin Ma'aikata Mata na AFL-CIO, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Kwamitin Ayyukan Ɗabi'a. 

## Manazarta
Liz Shuler

**Elizabeth** " **Liz** " **H. Shuler** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1970) 'yar Amurka ce mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ma'aikata kuma shugabar AFL–CIO . Ita ce mace ta farko da aka zaɓa a matsayin shugabar ƙungiyar.   Ta taɓa yin aiki a matsayin sakatare-ma'aji na ƙungiyar; ita ce mace ta farko kuma, tun daga shekara ta 2009, ita ce mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ta riƙe wannan matsayin.    Ita ce mace mafi matsayi a tarihin ƙungiyar ma'aikata .   Tsawon lokacin da aka yi tun daga zaɓenta har zuwa ritayar Arlene Holt Baker a shekara ta 2013 ya nuna karo na farko da mata suka riƙe mukamai biyu daga cikin uku na jami'ai a AFL–CIO. 

## Rayuwar Farko da Aikin IBEW
An haifi Shuler ga Lance da Joyce Shuler a shekarar 1970.  Mahaifinta ma'aikacin layin wutar lantarki ne na Portland General Electric (PGE), kuma mahaifiyarta ta yi aiki a can a matsayin sakatare .   Duk da cewa mahaifinta memba ne na ƙungiyar kwadago, ma'aikatan limamai a PGE ba a haɗa su cikin ƙungiyar ba.  Shuler ta girma ne a birnin Gladstone, Oregon, kuma ta halarci makarantun gwamnati a can.  Ta sami digirin farko a fannin aikin jarida daga Jami'ar Oregon a shekarar 1992.   Yayin da take kwaleji, ta yi aiki a lokacin bazara a PGE   kuma tana aiki a Jam'iyyar Democrat ta jihar. 

Shuler ta fara aiki a ƙungiyar kwadago bayan ta kammala jami'a. Aikinta na farko shine mai shirya ƙungiyar kwadago ta International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW) Local 125, tana aiki a kan wani kamfen na shirya ma'aikatan malamai a PGE.    Ta zama mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin IBEW a 1997, tana wakiltar ƙungiyar a gaban Majalisar Dokokin Oregon .   Ta yi nasarar yin aiki don karya wani kudiri (wanda Enron ya tallata) don soke kasuwar wutar lantarki ta Oregon.   Ta kuma koyar a shirye-shiryen shirya ƙungiyar Ilimi da Horar da Membobin Gine-gine (COMET) da kuma Ilimi da Mobilization for Organizing (MEMO).  Shuler ta yi aiki a Kwamitin Ba da Shawara kan Gudanarwa da Aiki na Jihar Oregon kan Biyan Ma'aikata kuma an naɗa ta wakiliyar IBEW zuwa Majalisar Ma'aikata ta Tsakiya ta Arewa maso Yammacin Oregon.  A shekarar 1998, ta jagoranci nasarar da AFL-CIO ta samu wajen kayar da Dokar California 226, wadda za ta hana ma'aikatan gwamnati da ke cikin ƙungiyoyin kwadago biyan kuɗinsu, kuma ta buƙaci dukkan membobin ƙungiyar kwadago a jihar su ba da amincewarsu kowace shekara kafin a yi amfani da wani ɓangare na kuɗinsu don dalilai na siyasa.    

Bayan yakin neman zabe a California, an naɗa Shuler wakiliyar ƙasa da ƙasa ta IBEW kuma ta koma Washington, DC, inda ta yi aiki a Sashen Siyasa da Harkokin Majalisa na IBEW. [1] [2] An naɗa ta mataimakiyar shugabar IBEW Edwin Hill a watan Yunin 2004, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama mace mafi matsayi a tarihin ƙungiyar a wancan lokacin. [3] [2] [4] [5] Shuler ta kula da kuma daidaita sassa 11 na IBEW, ciki har da ilimi, bincike, harkokin siyasa da dokoki, hulɗa da jama'a, da sassan tsaron wurin aiki . [2]

## Manazarta
Vicki Saporta

**Vicki A. Saporta** ita ce shugabar Ƙungiyar Zubar da Ciki ta Ƙasa daga 1995 zuwa 2019.  A shekarar 2013, ta sami lambar yabo ta Roger Baldwin Medal of Liberty daga ACLU . 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Saporta kuma ta girma a Rochester, New York, kuma ta kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Cornell a 1974. Ta ci gaba da karatu a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London, kuma daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin darektan shirya ƙungiyar 'Yan'uwa Mata ta Duniya ta Teamsters tun daga 1983. [1] Fiye da shekaru 20, Vicki ta kasance shugabar Ƙungiyar Zubar da Ciki ta Ƙasa har sai da ta yi murabus [2] bayan an zarge ta da rashin ɗaukar mataki lokacin da wani ma'aikaci ya aikata laifin cin zarafin mata. [3]

## Manazarta
Debbie Schneider

**Debbie Schneider** mai tsara ayyukan kwadago ce wadda ta yi aiki da ƙungiyoyi da dama, ciki har da 9 zuwa 5, Ma'aikatan Ofis na Mata, da kuma Ma'aikatan Lafiya na United. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Gundumar 925 ta Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Sabis ta Duniya (SEIU) kuma memba ce a kwamitin zartarwa na SEIU.

## Rayuwar farko da aiki
Mahaifiyar Schneider malamar Turanci ce ta makarantar sakandare, kuma mahaifinta lauya ne na haraji na kamfani. Mahaifiyarta ta kasance ɓangare na ƙungiyar ma'aikata kuma ta rinjayi tunanin Schneider da ra'ayoyinsa kan fafutuka. Bayan mahaifiyarta ta yi tasiri a kan Schneider, ta tafi kwaleji zuwa babban fannin Adabi wanda daga baya ya zaburar da ita ta shiga aikin jarida. Bayan kammala karatunta na kwaleji, ta zama ma'aikaciyar malamar makaranta a kamfanin Cahner's Publishing, inda ta tattara sakamakon binciken kasuwa. [1] Daga baya ta shiga cikin ma'aikatan Ma'aikatan Ofishin Mata da ke New York. [2] Schneider ɗaliba ce ta kwaleji tana aiki a wata mujalla lokacin da ta fara jin labarin 9 zuwa 5, kuma ta halarci taronta na farko na 9 zuwa 5 a 1978. [3] Da farko ƙungiyar ma'aikatan ofis a Boston ce ta fara wannan motsi na 9 zuwa 5, musamman Karen Nussbaum da Ellen Cassedy, a matsayin hanyar tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi aiki waɗanda suka tattara mata daga fannoni daban-daban don mayar da hankali kan inganta yanayin wurin aiki. [3] [4] [5] Matsayin Schneider a cikin 9to5 yana ɗaya daga cikin batutuwan da aka gabatar a cikin fim ɗin shirin gaskiya na 2020 mai suna 9to5: Labarin Motsi . [6] A shekarar 1993, lokacin da Nussbaum ta tafi aiki a Ma'aikatar Kwadago a matsayin shugabar Ofishin Mata Masu Aiki, Schneider ya zama shugaban ƙasa na ƙungiyar ƙungiyoyin gundumar 925. [7] [8]

A shekarar 1995, an naɗa Schneider a matsayin shugabar Gundumar 925 ta Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Sabis ta Duniya,  daga baya kuma aka zaɓe ta a kwamitin zartarwa na SEIU.  A watan Yunin 2001, an naɗa Schneider a matsayin amintaccen SEIU,  kuma an naɗa ta ta zama amintaccen Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Sabis ta Duniya, Local 585, a ƙarshen 2001.  A shekarar 2004, Schneider ta kasance shugabar haɗin gwiwar duniya a cikin SEIU.  

## Ƙungiyoyin fafutuka
Schneider ta fi shahara da aikinta da ma'aikatan limamai a Jami'ar Cincinnati .    Ƙungiyar da Schneider, Gundumar 925 ke jagoranta, ta rasa ƙuri'arta ta farko don shiga ƙungiyar a watan Yunin 1986 da ƙuri'u 29,  amma ƙuri'a ta biyu a 1988 ta wuce, wanda ya kai ga nasarar kafa ƙungiyar ma'aikatan Jami'ar Cincinnati.  A lokacin taron da aka yi a Jami'ar Cincinnati, Schneider ya shirya yajin aikin inda membobin ƙungiyar suka bar aiki.   Zuwa shekarar 1990, jami'ar ta zauna da ma'aikatan. 

## Manazarta
Lillian Hatcher

**Lillian Hatcher** (1915–1998) 'yar Afirka-Amurka ce mai son yin aiki da kuma shirya ƙungiyar kwadago. Ta yi aiki a masana'antar jiragen sama ta Briggs da ke Detroit lokacin da ta fara shiga cikin ƙungiyar kwadago bayan da kamfanin ya tura ƙungiyar ma'aikata mata, farare da baƙaƙe, waɗanda duk suna da 'ya'ya, zuwa aikin tsakar dare.  

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Lillian Hatcher a ranar 30 ga Mayu, 1915, a Greenville, Alabama. Ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Arewa maso Gabas da ke Detroit kuma ta halarci azuzuwan faɗaɗa ma'aikata a Jami'ar Michigan a farkon shekarun 1940. A shekarar 1943 ta fara aiki a matsayin mai kula da jiragen sama kuma a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata baƙar fata na farko da aka ɗauka aiki a Kamfanin Briggs-Connor na Chrysler . A wannan shekarar ta shiga ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Mota ta United (UAW), Local 742 (daga baya Local 212). A shekarar 1943, Hatcher ta shirya taron mata na farko na yankin a watan Fabrairu na wannan shekarar. [1] [2]

A shekarar 1944, an zaɓe ta a matsayin memba na kwamitin zartarwa na yankin, kuma an naɗa ta mace baƙar fata ta farko da ta wakilci ƙasashen duniya na UAW. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, tattalin arzikin Amurka ya bai wa mata baƙar fata "dama ta farko mai ma'ana don haɓaka ayyukan yi. Dubban mutane sun ƙaura daga ayyukan noma da hidima marasa albashi mai tsoka zuwa ayyukan masana'antu masu albashi mai tsoka, waɗanda ƙungiyoyin kwadago ke karewa."   

Hatcher ta fara aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar darakta a Sashen Manufofin Yaƙi na Mata. Lokacin da aka mayar da Ofishin Mata zuwa Sashen Ayyukan Adalci da Yaƙi da Wariya a 1946, Hatcher ta shiga cikin ma'aikatanta. A 1958 ta koma Sashen Mata inda ta kasance da alhakin shiryawa da shiga azuzuwan da tarurruka ga membobin ƙungiyar mata, da kuma ci gaba da hulɗa ta kud da kud da ƙungiyoyi da dama na gida da na ƙasa da suka shafi haƙƙin jama'a. 

Hatcher ta zama mai kula da Mataimakan Mata, waɗanda suka koma Sashen Mata a shekarar 1971, kuma ta ci gaba da aiki a ma'aikatan sashen har sai da ta yi ritaya daga UAW a watan Yunin 1980.  

## Manazarta
Mary Kay Henry

**Mary Kay Henry** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1958) 'yar fafutukar kare haƙƙin ma'aikata ce 'yar Amurka wacce ta kasance Shugabar Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Sabis ta Duniya (SEIU) daga ranar 8 ga Mayu, 2010  har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a ranar 20 ga Mayu, 2024.  Ita ce mace ta farko da ta jagoranci ƙungiyar.   Yayin da take aiki da ƙungiyar a California, ta taimaka wajen fara amfani da yarjejeniyar duba katin SEIU, yarjejeniyoyin ciniki na gama gari, kamfen mai zurfi, da dabarun tsara kiwon lafiya a faɗin tsarin.   An saka Henry a cikin ''jerin'' mutane mafi tasiri a shekarar 2020. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Henry a shekarar 1958 a wani yanki na Detroit, Michigan .     Mahaifinta mai sayar da kaya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma malamar makaranta ce, kuma dukkansu Katolika ne masu ibada.   

Henry ya yaba wa imaninta da ya ba ta sha'awar al'amuran adalci na zamantakewa .  Ita ce babbar yarinya a cikin iyali mai yara 10,   ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Marian a Bloomfield Hills, Michigan . Ta sami kyakkyawar fahimta daga ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata daga jin da kuma karanta game da ayyukan United Auto Workers (UAW) a cikin masana'antar kera motoci masu haɗin gwiwa. Ta yi aiki a wani asibiti na gida yayin da take makarantar sakandare don samun kuɗi.  

A kwaleji, Henry da farko yana son zama mai tsara birane . Ta ci gaba da aiki a asibitoci a matsayin ɗalibi mai digiri na farko, da kuma mataimakiyar likita ga ƙungiyar agaji ta Red Cross ta Amurka .  Ta sami digirin farko daga Jami'ar Jihar Michigan a shekarar 1979, inda ta yi karatu a fannin tsare-tsaren birane da hulɗa da ma'aikata .     Yayin da take kwaleji, ta kasance mai sa kai a fannin kare haƙƙin jama'a a wata ƙungiya ta talakawa, kuma ta yi aiki tare da masu kare haƙƙin jama'a a kan batutuwa daban-daban. 

## Aikin ƙungiyar
Aikinta na farko da ta yi a wajen kwaleji shi ne ta hanyar rarraba tambarin abinci ga mabukata. [1] Lokacin da wata mamba daga United Auto Workers ta ba da shawarar cewa hanyar kawo ƙarshen yunwa ita ce ta bai wa mutane damar samun ayyukan yi masu kyau, Henry ya fara tunanin shirya ƙungiyar. [1] Henry ya shiga SEIU a matsayin mai bincike a 1980. [2] [3] [4] Kwarewar da ta samu a matsayin ma'aikacin kiwon lafiya ya sa ta yi aiki a wata ƙungiyar da ke da hannu a cikin shirya ayyukan kiwon lafiya. [5] Ta shiga SEIU saboda tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin da ke ɗaukar mata aiki a matsayin masu shiryawa a lokacin. [6] A lokacin shekarun 1980, Henry ya riƙe ayyuka 18 a cikin SEIU a California. [3] Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da yajin aikin yankin San Francisco a lokacin yajin aikin da ma'aikata sama da 9,000, mataimakan jinya masu lasisi, da masu fasaha suka yi a 1986 a kan asibitoci 14 na Kaiser Permanente da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya a duk faɗin California. [7] Ta taimaka wajen fara amfani da yarjejeniyar duba katin SEIU , yarjejeniyoyin ciniki na gama gari waɗanda ba na gargajiya ba, da kuma dabarun tsara harkokin kiwon lafiya a faɗin tsarin. [3] A shekarar 1993, an naɗa ta darakta a sashen kula da lafiya na mambobi 475,000 na SEIU. [3] [8]

## Manazarta
Fannie Sellins

**Fannie Sellins** (1872 - 26 ga Agusta, 1919) ta kasance mai shirya ƙungiyar 'yan kwadago ta Amurka.

An haife ta a matsayin **Fanny Mooney** a birnin New Orleans, Louisiana, kuma ta auri Charles Sellins a birnin St. Louis, Missouri . Bayan rasuwarsa, ta yi aiki a wani kamfanin tufafi don kula da 'ya'yanta huɗu. Ta taimaka wajen shirya ƙungiyar ma'aikatan tufafi ta mata ta duniya da ke St. Louis, inda ta zama mai shiga tsakani ga mata 400 da aka kulle a wani masana'antar tufafi. Don haka ta sami hankalin Van Bittner, shugaban gundumar 5 ta United Mine Ma'aikatan Amurka (UMWA).

A shekarar 1913, ta ƙaura don fara aiki da ƙungiyar ma'aikatan haƙar ma'adinai a West Virginia . Ta rubuta cewa aikinta shine rarraba "tufafi da abinci ga mata da jarirai masu yunwa, taimaka wa iyaye mata masu fama da talauci da kuma kawo yara zuwa duniya, da kuma yi wa marasa lafiya hidima da kuma rufe idanun waɗanda ke mutuwa." An kama ta sau ɗaya a Colliers, West Virginia saboda ƙin bin umarnin hana ƙungiyar. Shugaban Amurka Woodrow Wilson ya shiga tsakani don a sake ta.

Sellins ta yi alƙawarin bin umarnin alkali game da yin zanga-zanga. Ta koma Colliers daga Fairmont, W.Va. kuma nan take ta karya alƙawarinta ta hanyar ƙalubalantar Alkalin Kotun Gundumar Amurka Alston G. Dayton da ya kama ta. Ya yi hakan.

Tare da taimakon ɗan majalisar dokokin Amurka Matthew M. Neely, UMWA ta gudanar da kamfen ɗin hulɗa da jama'a don neman afuwa daga shugaban ƙasa ga Sellins. Ƙungiyar ta buga dubban katunan gaisuwa tare da hoton Sellins zaune a bayan ɗakin kurkukun da ke Fairmont. A bayan katin akwai adireshin Fadar White House. 

Philip Murray ya ɗauki Sellins aiki don ya shiga cikin ma'aikatan UMWA da ke Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania . A shekarar 1919, an tura ta gundumar Allegheny River Valley don jagorantar zanga-zangar ta hanyar masu haƙar ma'adinai a Allegheny Coal and Coke Company. A ranar 26 ga Agusta, ta shaida cewa mataimakan sheriff da 'yan sandan Coal and Iron sun yi wa Joseph Starzeleski, wani ma'aikacin haƙar ma'adinai, duka, wanda aka kashe. Lokacin da ta shiga tsakani, 'yan sanda sun harbe ta da harsasai huɗu, sannan wani mataimaki ya yi amfani da ƙugiya don karya ƙoƙon kanta. [1] Wasu sun ce tana ƙoƙarin kare 'ya'yan ma'aikatan haƙar ma'adinai da ke wurin. [2]

## Manazarta
Min Matheson

**Minnie Hindy** " **Min** " **Matheson** ( née **Lurye** ; Janairu 9, 1909 - Disamba 8, 1992) ta kasance mai shirya aiki na Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Tufafin Mata ta Duniya ( ILGWU) a arewa maso gabashin Pennsylvania wanda ya yi nasarar tsayayya da laifukan da suka shafi ƙungiyoyi . Min kuma memba ne na kafa Ƙungiyar Mata ta Ƙasa . 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haife ta a Chicago a ranar 19 ga Janairu, 1909, iyayen Minnie Hindy Lurye su ne Max da Anna (Kahn) Lurye, Yahudawa 'yan gudun hijira daga Rasha. Tana ɗaya daga cikin yara takwas.  Mahaifin Min mai yin sigari ne, kuma fitaccen shugaban ma'aikata wanda yakan shirya tarurruka da yajin aiki a masana'antar sigari. Min ya ga yawancin tashin hankali a cikin masana'antar kwadago da mafia ke jagoranta, kuma aikin mahaifinta na tsara ma'aikatan kwadago ya ƙarfafa ta ta yi haka.

Min ta haɗu da mijinta, Bill Matheson, lokacin tana da shekaru 19. Su biyun sun ƙaura zuwa gabas don shiga yajin aikin ma'aikatan masaku a Paterson, NJ, inda suka zauna a birnin New York suka fara aiki da su a masana'antar tufafi. Min ta yi aiki a wani masana'antar tufafi, kuma ta zama shugaban wani mazaunin ILGWU mai mambobi 32,000 a New York a shekarar 1937. Min da mijinta suna da 'ya'ya biyu, Marianne, an haife ta a shekarar 1941, da kuma Betty, an haife ta a shekarar 1943.

## ILGWU
ILGWU tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata a Amurka kuma tana da rassa a jihohi da yawa ciki har da Pennsylvania da New York . Mata suna da hannu sosai a cikin ILGWU. Ƙungiyar ta samo asali ne daga shagunan da ake kira shagunan gudu. Waɗannan shagunan sun samo asali ne saboda sun karkata daga tsarin masana'antu da 'yan kwangila wanda ya zama ruwan dare a ƙarni na 20. A cikin wannan tsarin, dillalan kayayyaki suna karɓar oda daga dillalai kai tsaye, kuma suna gudanar da ƙananan masana'antu da kansu. Gasar tsakanin ƙananan masana'antu ta ba wa dillalan kayayyaki damar rage farashi. [1]

Min da mijinta duk suna aiki a ILGWU a shekarar 1944 lokacin da su biyun suka tafi arewa maso gabashin Pennsylvania . An umarce su biyun ne kawai "su tsaftace datti a can" a tsakiyar rikici tsakanin ma'aikatan tufafi da kuma yawan masu aikata laifuka.  Shaguna masu gudu sun fara mamaye arewa maso gabashin Pennsylvania saboda raguwar yanayin tattalin arzikin yankin da kuma kusanci da New York. 

## Manazarta
Gauri Mahadevi

**Gauri Mahadevi** ita ce Sarauniya mai mulki na daular Indiya ta Bhauma-Kara Masarautar Toshala  a cikin c. 910-916. Yana yiwuwa cewa a zahiri ta kasance mai mulki a lokacin 'yarta sarauniya Dandi Mahadevi, maimakon sarki a cikin haƙƙinta.

Ta auri Subhakaradeva V . 

Ta gaji marigayi mijinta a kan kursiyin lokacin da ya mutu.[1] Ba a san abubuwa da yawa game da mulkinta ba. Koyaya, an bayyana ta a matsayin mai mulki mai nasara, wanda ya sami nasarar kiyaye doka da tsari a cikin masarautar. Farantin Kumurang na Dandi Mahadevi ya bayyana cewa:

: "..... a ƙafafunta masu kama da lotus duk yawan jama'a (na masarautar) sun kwanta".

A shekara ta 916, 'yarta Dandi Mahadevi ce ta gaje ta.

## Manazarta
Didda

Didda (kimanin 924 - 8 ga Agusta 1003), wanda kuma aka sani da Catherine ta Kashmir, ita ce mai mulki ta ƙarshe na Daular Utpala ta Kashmir daga 980 zuwa 1003.  

## Manazarta
Jacqueline B. Vaughn

**Jacqueline Barbara Vaughn** (née **Robinson** ; 27 ga Yuli, 1935 - 22 ga Janairu, 1994) malamar ilimi ce ta musamman a Makarantun Jama'a na Amurka da ke Chicago kuma shugabar ma'aikata . An san Vaughn a matsayin mace ta farko 'yar Afirka-Amurka kuma mace ta farko da ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar ƙungiyar malamai ta Chicago, ƙungiyar malamai ta uku mafi girma a ƙasar daga watan Agusta 1984 har zuwa rasuwarta a watan Janairu 1994.

Vaughn ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Ƙungiyar Malamai ta Illinois (1989–1994), kuma Mataimakiyar Shugaban Ƙungiyar Malamai ta Amurka (1974–1994). Vaughn ta jagoranci abin da ake kira ɗaya daga cikin "ƙungiyoyin malamai mafi ƙarfi a ƙasar."  Vaughn ta shahara saboda salon salonta na kwalliya da kuma salon tattaunawa mara amfani a tattaunawar kwangila. Ikonta na gina yarjejeniya tsakanin ƙungiyar jagoranci, malamai da ma'aikatan tallafi na makaranta ya sami girmamawa daga waɗanda ke ciki da wajen tsarin ilimi. Vaughn ta shafe mafi yawan aikinta tana ƙoƙarin gyara tsarin ilimi. Ta hanyar hangen nesanta, an ƙirƙiri Cibiyar Bincike ta CTU don ba wa ƙwararrun makaranta wuri don tsara hanyoyin koyarwa masu inganci da dabarun koyon ɗalibai. Magajin Garin Chicago Richard M. Daley ya kira Vaughn *"zakara mai jarumtaka da rashin gajiya ga maza da mata da ke aiki a cikin sana'armu mafi daraja, koyarwa."*  

## Tarihin Rayuwa

### Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi **Jacqueline Barbara Robinson** a ranar 27 ga Yuli, 1935, a St. Louis, Missouri, ga Mandela Robinson. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup> Vaughn ya koma Chicago bayan iyayen biyu sun mutu tun suna ƙanana. Wata goggo Alice Bibbs, malamar aji ɗaya a gundumar Makarantun Jama'a ta Chicago, ta rene Vaughn. Bibbs ya rinjayi Vaughn ya shiga aikin malanta. Vaughn ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Schoop kuma abokan karatunsa ne tare da Emil Jones . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D; A makarantar sakandare, Vaughn ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Morgan Park ; ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1952.  Bayan kammala karatun sakandare, Vaughn ta halarci Kwalejin Malamai ta Chicago (wanda yanzu aka sani da Jami'ar Jihar Chicago) kuma ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1956. Daga baya Vaughn ta sami digirin digirgir na biyu a fannin Ilimi na Musamman a shekarar 1964. 

### Sana'a
Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Kwalejin Malamai ta Chicago, Vaughn ya yi ayyuka daban-daban na koyarwa kafin ya zama malamin ilimi na musamman a Makarantar Firamare ta Bousfield da ke unguwar Grand Crossing. [1] Bayan shekaru da dama a Bousfield yana koyar da aji na farko, na biyu da kuma ilimin musamman; Shugaban Makarantar Firamare ta Einstein da ke unguwar Bronzeville a wancan lokacin ya ɗauki Vaughn aiki don ya jagoranci sashen ilimi na musamman. Bayan shekaru biyar a Einstein, Vaughn ya zama ƙwararre a fannin fasahar harshe a cikin gundumar Makarantun Jama'a ta Chicago. [1]

## Manazarta