Masarautar Saloum

**Masarautar Saloum** (yaren Serer: *Saluum* ko *Saalum*) masarautar Serer/Wolof  a Senegal ta yau. Sarakunanta na iya kasancewa na Mandinka/Kaabu ne.  Babban birnin Saloum shine birnin Kahone. 'Yar'uwar masarautar Sine ce. Tarihinsu, labarin kasa da al'adunsu suna da alaƙa  kuma an saba kiran su da Sine-Saloum.

## Tarihi

Saloum, kamar masarautar 'yar'uwarta (Masarautar Sine), sananniya ce  wacce ke da tudu  da yawa ko "tumuli" mai ɗauke da kaburburan sarakuna da sauransu. Masarautar tana da da'irar dutse masu ban mamaki da yawa waɗanda ba a san ayyukansu da tarihinsu ba sai kwanan nan. 

Masanin tarihi Donald R. Wright ya bayyana cewa “A cikin shekaru goma na karshe na ƙarni na goma sha biyar, wasu gungun ‘yan ƙabilar Kaabu sun yi kaura zuwa arewacin kogin Gambia inda suka mamaye wani yanki da ke gefen kudancin daular Jolof mai rauni. Daga wani ƙauye kusa da bakin kogin Saloum, ba da daɗewa ba waɗannan zuriyar suka gauraya da mazaunan Wolof da Serer kuma suka kafa jihar Saloum." 

A cewar Abdou Bouri Ba Masarautar Saloum a baya ana kiranta da *Mbey* (a cikin Serer) kuma Maad Saloum Mbegan Ndour ta sake mata suna Saloum a ƙarshen ƙarni na 15 (c. 1494).  Tsawon ƙarni da yawa kafin a sake mata suna, ana kiran babban birninta *Ngap*.  Dangane da al'adar baka ta Serer, an sanya mata suna ne bayan Saalum Suwareh, marabout na Maad Saloum Mbegan Ndour (bambancin: Mbegani Ndour). Al’adar ta ci gaba da cewa, Saalum Suwareh ya amince ya ba Maad Saloum Mbegan Ndour (asali daga Masarautar Sine) *[[juju]]* fetish domin ya kayar da kuma wanda ya ci Toucouleur da ‘yan maraba na musulmi muddin ya yi alkawarin sake sunan kasar sau ɗaya. ya yi nasara. Mbgan Ndour ya amince. Bayan wannan kwantiragin na baka, Mbegan Ndour ya kayar da Ali Elibana kuma ya kori dakarun sa na musulmi daga Saloum ya yi mulki a kasar. Kamar Masarautar Sine, mutanen Serer sun mamaye mafi yawan jama'a kuma suna mulki. Gabaɗaya ana kiran su biyun da Sarakunan Serer. Yawancin sassa na Gambia a yau sun kasance yankunan da Masarautar Saloum ta yi wa mulkin mallaka. Da farko, Saloum ta mike kudu zuwa gabar zuwa arewa na kogin Gambiya. Gambiya ta yau ana kiranta da Lower Saloum. Upper Saloum shine inda Saloum na zamani yake a Senegal. Saloum kuma yana da iko na ɗan lokaci a Masarautar Baol. Jihohin Sabakh da Sandial *Fara Sabakh* da *Fara Sandial ne* suka mulki (laƙabi na sarakuna),  kuma dukansu sun kasance na sarki a Kahone (Maad Saloum). A wajen 1862, Sambou Oumanneh Touray, almajirin Maba Diakhou Bâ ya kaddamar da jihadi a Sabakh da Sandial. Bayan ya ci Fara Sabakh da Fara Sandial, da yaki ya shiga kasashen biyu tare (don haka : *Sabakh-Sandial*) kuma ya mulki shi.  Fara Sabakh na ƙarshe da Fara Sandial sun mutu a wannan jihadin.   A lokacin daular uba na Serer da Guelowar daga karni na 15 zuwa 1969, kusan sarakuna 50 ne aka naɗa.   Sarakunan sun ci gaba da gudanar da zaman kotun a Kahone, amma Kaolack makwabciyarsa ta mamaye birnin kasuwanci.

Masu bincike na Portuguese a cikin ƙarni na 15 sun kira Saloum a matsayin masarautar *Borçalo*, bayan 'Bor-ba-Saloum' (Wolof corruption for "king of Saloum"-Maad Saloum). 

Ko da yake Masarautar ta ci wasu manyan yaƙe-yaƙe da Faransawa, daga baya aka ci ta da yaki. Koyaya, kamar Masarautar Sine, daular sarautar ta tsira har zuwa shekarar 1969, lokacin da sarkin Saloum na ƙarshe, Fode N'Gouye Joof ya rasu. Shekarar mutuwarsa ta yi daidai da mutuwar Maad a Sinig Mahecor Joof, wanda shi ne sarkin Sine. Waɗannan sarakuna biyu sune sarakunan Serer na ƙarshe kuma na ƙarshe na Senegambia. Bayan mutuwarsu, an shigar da Masarautun biyu cikin sabuwar jamhuriyar Senegal mai cin gashin kanta wacce ta sami 'yancin kai a shekarar 1960. Don haka Masarautar Sine da Masarautar Saloum sune masarautu na ƙarshe kafin mulkin mallaka na Senegambia da suka rayu har zuwa ƙarni na 20.
 

## Manazarta