Shalom Shabazi

**Shalom Shabazi** (1619 – c. 1720) shi ne ɗan Yosef ben Avigad, na gidan Mashta, wanda aka fi sani da Abba **Sholem Shabazi** ko **Saalem al-Shabazi** ( Hebrew   ; Arabic   ). Ya kasance malamin Yahudawa kuma mawaƙi wanda ya rayu a ƙarni na 17 a Yemen, wanda aka fi sani da babban mawaƙin Yemen.

## Rayuwa da ayyuka
An haifi Shabazi a shekara ta 1619 a garin Najd al-Walid.  Ya yi iƙirarin zuriyar Zerah, ɗan Yahuza .  Bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa, Yosef Mashta, Shalom ya ƙaura zuwa ƙaramin garin Shabaz, kusa da birnin Ta'izz .

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka ya ƙaura zuwa Ta'izz inda ya gina gidan addu'a da kuma wanka na ibada ( mikveh ) a wajen birnin, a ƙarƙashin Jebel Ṣabir . [1] An kori shi da iyalinsa, tare da yawancin Yahudawan Yemen, a shekara ta 1679. Shabazi, kamar yawancin Yahudawan zamaninsa, Shabbetai Zevi ya rinjayi shi kuma ya yi tunanin cewa shi ne Almasihu. [2] Ya mutu a shekara ta 1720 kuma an binne shi a Ta'izz, a ƙarƙashin Jabal Sabir . A farkon ƙarni na 20 kabarin Shabazi wuri ne na ibada ga Yahudawa da Musulmai, musamman ga waɗanda ke neman warkarwa. [3]

Mahaifinsa, Yosef ben Abijad ben Khalfun, shi ma rabbi ne kuma mawaƙi. An buga littafin waƙar Shabazi na yanzu, wanda ya ƙunshi waƙoƙi kusan 550, a karon farko a Cibiyar Ben-Zvi a shekarar 1977. Ya rubuta da Ibrananci, Aramaic, da kuma Judeo-Larabci . Sauran ayyukan Shabazi sun haɗa da wani littafi kan ilmin taurari na Yahudawa, wani sharhin kabbalistic akan Attaura, da kuma wani aiki mai suna *Sefer ha-Margalith* . Wani lokaci ana kiransa " Shakespeare na Yemen". 

Ya rubuta wani sharhi kan Attaura mai suna *Hemdath Yamim* (Kwanaki Masu Daɗi). Jagorancinsa ya taimaka wa Yahudawan Yemen su tsira daga wasu mafi munin zalunci a tarihinta. Mori ('Yan Yemen galibi suna kiran shugabannin ruhaniyarsu "Mori" ma'ana "ubangijina" ko "malamina"). &#x5B; ** &#x5D; Shabazi ya rubuta waƙar *kinah* (makoki) don karantawa a lokacin Tara ga Av, yana tunawa da korar Yahudawa (wanda aka sani da *Korar Mawza* ) a shekarar 1679 daga dukkan birane da garuruwa a Yemen zuwa wani hamada mara kyau da ake kira Mawza, inda kashi 20% na waɗanda aka kora suka mutu.

*Diwan* Mori Shabazi kuma yana nuni da *Dokar Kaya* a shekarar 1667.  *Diwan* Shabazi ya zama muhimmin ɓangare na rayuwar ruhaniya da al'adun Yahudawa 'yan Yemen.

A halin yanzu, gwamnatin Isra'ila da Babban Malamin Yahudawa suna ƙoƙarin kawo gawar Rabbi Shabazi zuwa Isra'ila .  Yawancin waƙoƙinsa suna da cikakkun bayanai game da komawa Isra'ila, tare da mutanensa.

## A cikin al'adun jama'a
Wakar Shabazi " Im Nin'alu " (אם ננעלו) ta zama fitacciyar mawakiyar Isra'ila Ofra Haza wacce danginta 'yan asalin Yemen ne, kuma mawakin Yaman Daklon ya fassara ta. Wasu wakoki, irin su "As'alak" (أسألك) da Ayyalath Hen, suma Ofra Haza ne suka yi da Sion Golan, da Haruna Amram da Shoshana Damari .

Zohar Argov ne ya rera wata waka mai suna "Ahavat Ra'aya Retzoni". Ƙungiyar mawakan ƙarfe ta Isra'ila, Orphaned Land, ta rera ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙinsa "Olat Ha'tamid".

A yau, a Isra'ila, akwai titunan da aka sanya wa suna a unguwar Nachlaot ta Urushalima, unguwar Neve Tzedek ta Tel Aviv da Rosh HaAyin .

## Waƙa

Babu wani mawaƙin Yahudanci ɗan Yemen da ya sami shahara da yabo kamar Shalom Shabazi wanda ya rubuta ɗaruruwan waƙoƙi a rayuwarsa, waɗanda aka adana su da yawa a cikin kundin waƙoƙi da aka sani da *Dīwān* . An tsara dukkan waƙoƙin da Ibrananci ko Yahudanci-Larabci, yayin da waƙoƙi da yawa suka haɗu da harsuna biyu. Salon waƙar Larabci ta Shabazi yayi kama da waƙar Larabci ta Yaman ta zamani a zamaninsa. 

A cewar Farfesa Emeritus, Yosef Tobi, "sabon sauyi a cikin waƙoƙin Yemen ya faru ne da aikin Yosef ben Yisrael (ƙarni na 17), lokacin da waƙar ta zama babbar kayan aiki don bayyana ruhaniya na Yahudawan Yemen, kuma lokacin da batun *ƙaura* da *fansa* ya ɗauki kuzari kuma yana da matuƙar mahimmanci a siyasa. Fiye da haka, mun sami wannan sauyi a cikin waƙar ƙaramin ɗan uwansa, Shalom Shabazī." 

A cikin littafin Shabazi mai *suna Diwan,* za a iya samun wakoki masu tsawo da yawa na zamanin da, waɗanda aka ƙidaya su zuwa dozin da dama, waɗanda kuma suka buɗe da kalmomin, *Baraq burayq*, ko kuma tare da mahaɗan da suka yi kama da su, waɗanda aka ce alama ce ta wani abu na allahntaka, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin alamun da ke shelar zuwan Almasihu. Wanda ya kafa waɗannan nau'ikan wahayin fansa na waƙoƙi shine Yosef ben Yisrael wanda ya bi sawun mawaƙa da yawa, ciki har da Shabazī wanda aka ce ya inganta shi. Misalin salon waƙa mai kyau na Shabazi an gani a cikin waƙar da ke tafe kodayake an rasa waƙar a cikin fassarar:

## Manazarta