Rita Lee

******Rita Lee** Jones** na Carvalho** (an haife ta Rita Lee Jones; 31 ga Disamba 1947 - 8 ga Mayu 2023), wanda aka fi sani da Rita Lee, mawaƙiya ce ta Brazil, marubuciya, mai kida da yawa, marubuciya. An dauke ta a matsayin mace mafi tasiri a cikin dutsen Brazil kuma daya daga cikin manyan masu kirkiro na kasar, ta sayar da rikodin sama da miliyan 55, wanda ya sa ta zama mafi kyawun mai zane-zane na Brazil a kowane lokaci kuma ta huɗu gaba ɗaya.

Ayyukan Lee sun kasance alama ce ta ci gaba da sake fasalin da kuma haɗuwa da nau'o'i ba tare da tsoro ba. Da farko tare da dutsen psychedelic na Os Mutants (1966-1972), daga baya ta bincika Tropicália, glam rock, disco, new wave, pop rock, bossa nova, kiɗa na lantarki da salon sauti, ƙirƙirar haɗin kai na kasa da kasa.[1] Bayan ya jagoranci Tutti Frutti (1973-1978), wanda aka dauki kundin sa na 1975 Fruto Proibido a matsayin dutse na tushe na dutsen Brazil kuma Rolling Stone Brazil ta sanya shi cikin manyan kundin tarihin kiɗa na Brazil, ta sami nasarar kasuwanci mafi girma a ƙarshen 1970s da 1980s tare da jerin kundin - Rita Lee (1979), Rita Lee (1980), Saúde (1981) da Rita Lee da Roberto de Carvalho (1982) - wanda ya mamaye sigogi kuma ya karfafa ta a matsayin gunkin ƙasa.[2] Daga 1976 zuwa gaba ta yi aiki kusan kawai tare da mai kida da mawaƙa Roberto de Carvalho, abokin aikinta na rayuwa da kuma kirkirar abubuwa kuma mahaifin 'ya'yansu uku.

A cikin shekaru sittin da ta yi aiki, kalmomin Lee - sau da yawa suna da alaƙa da batutuwa masu ban dariya da mata  - sun samar da abubuwan da suka faru ciki har da "Ovelha Negra", "Agora Só Falta Você", "Mania de Você", "Chega Mais", "Doce Vampiro", "Lança Perfume", "Baila Comigo", "Saúde", "Banho de Espuma", "Flagra", "Erva Venenosa" da "Amor e Sexo". Mai cin ganyayyaki kuma mai ba da shawara ga Hakkin dabbobi, haƙƙin mata da Al'ummar LGBT, an ba ta lakabi da "Sarauniyar Dutsen Brazil" da "Mai Tsaro na Liberty". Ita ce mai karɓar lambar yabo ta kiɗa ta Brazil goma sha biyu, lambar yabo ta Latin Grammy Lifetime Achievement (2022), lambar yabo ta APCA Grand Critics' don kiɗa mai ban sha'awa (2016), lambar yabo ta UBC (2024; tare da Carvalho), da kuma Order of Cultural Merit na Brazil (2003) da Order of Rio Branco (2023).

Lee ya yi ritaya daga yawon shakatawa a shekarar 2012 amma ya ci gaba da sakin kiɗa, littattafai da haɗin gwiwa na lokaci-lokaci har zuwa 2021. An gano ta da Ciwon daji na huhu a wannan shekarar, ta mutu a watan Mayu 2023 tana da shekaru 75.

## Rayuwa ta farko

An haifi Rita Lee Jones a ranar 31 ga watan Disamba 1947 a São Paulo, ƙaramar 'yar Charles Fenley Jones, likitan hakora da aka haifa a Brazil na asalin Amurka - kakanninsa na Confederate daga Alabama da Tennessee sun zauna a Santa Bárbara d'Oeste bayan yakin basasar Amurka - da Romilda Padula, pianist na asalin Italiyanci daga Molise .  'Yan uwanta mata biyu sune Mary Lee da Virgínia Lee Jones; mahaifinsu ya ba wa' ya'ya mata uku sunan "Lee" don girmama Janar Robert E. Lee. Kodayake iyayenta da farko sun yi niyyar sanya mata suna Bárbara bayan Saint Barbara, a baftisma sun zaɓi Rita don girmama kakarta Clorinda, wacce aka sani da Rita. 

Lee ta girma ne a unguwar Vila Mariana, inda ta zauna har zuwa haihuwar ɗanta na farko. Daga baya ta bayyana yankin a matsayin mai riƙe da yawancin abubuwan da ta fi so. Ta halarci Liceu Pasteur na Faransa da Brazil, ta zama mai iya magana da Portuguese, Turanci, Faransanci, Mutanen Espanya, da Italiyanci. A shekara ta 1968 ta yi rajista a takaice a cikin darasi na Sadarwar Jama'a a Jami'ar São Paulo tare da 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta gaba Regina Duarte, amma ta fice a shekara mai zuwa.

## Ayyukan kiɗa

### Os Mutantes da kundi na farko (1966-72)

Shekaru shida, Lee ya kasance babban memba na ƙungiyar Os Mutants, tare da Arnaldo Baptista da Sérgio Dias . Ta ba da gudummawa ga murya, sarewa, da ƙwanƙwasawa, yayin da a wasu lokuta take wasa da synthesizer, banjo, da autoharp. Lee kuma yayi gwaji tare da tushen sauti mara kyau, kamar famfo mai sarrafa kwari don ƙirƙirar sakamako a cikin waƙar "Le Premier Bonheur du Jour", kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mawaki na ƙungiyar. A shekara ta 1967, Os Mutantes sun goyi bayan Gilberto Gil a III Festival de Música Popular Brasileira a kan TV Record, suna yin waƙarsa "Domingo no Parque".

Kungiyar ta fitar da kundi shida tsakanin 1968 da 1972. An fara daukar su na farko da aka yi wa kansa (1968) a matsayin alama ce ta kiɗa na Brazil, haɗuwa da psychedelia, tropicalismo, da abubuwan da suka gabata don samar da abubuwan da ba su da tsawo ciki har da "A Minha Menina", "Dom Quixote", "Balada do Louco", "2001 (Dois Mil e Um) ", da kuma "Ando Meio Desligado". Lee ya auri abokin ƙungiyar Arnaldo Baptista a shekara ta 1968; ma'auratan sun rabu a shekara ta 1972, tare da saki a shekara ta 1977. 

Yayinda take tare da Os Mutantes, Lee ta rubuta kundi biyu na solo wanda ke *Gina* goyon baya daga abokan aikinta. Build Up (1970), ta farko, ta haɗa da waƙoƙi da yawa da aka rubuta tare da Arnaldo; ya samo asali ne a matsayin jerin sunayen don taron kamfanoni masu zaman kansu wanda kamfanin Fenit ya shirya a São Paulo.  Kundin ya samar da waƙarta ta farko, "José", murfin harshen Portuguese na Georges Moustaki "Joseph" (wanda Nara Leão ya rubuta a baya). Kokarinta na biyu, Hoje É o Primeiro Dia do Resto da Sua Vida (1972), an ba da kyauta ne kawai ga Lee saboda Os Mutantes sun riga sun saki kundi a wannan shekarar, kuma kwangilar su ta Philips ta haramta ƙarin sakewa a ƙarƙashin sunan ƙungiyar. Os Mutantes sun yi kuma sun rubuta kayan, amma Lee ne kawai ya bayyana a kan murfin kuma ya sami biyan kuɗi.

Kungiyar ta koma ɗakin studio kuma ta saki Atrás do Porto Tem uma Cidade a watan Yunin shekara ta 1974.  Tasirin Rolling Stones da David Bowie, kundin ya haifar da waƙoƙin "Mamãe Natureza" (ƙaddamarwa ta farko ta Lee bayan barin Os Mutantes), "Pé de Meia", da "Menino Bonito". Mai gabatarwa Marco Mazzola, wanda aka hayar ba tare da yardar ƙungiyar ba, ya canza shirye-shiryen sosai - musamman a kan "Menino Bonito" - wanda ya haifar da rashin gamsuwa. A wani taron Phonogram, biyo bayan rahotanni daga wani ɗan leƙen asiri wanda ke sa ido kan kide-kide kuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa ba ta yi nasara ba duk da ingantaccen ci gaba da kayan aiki, Lee ta tashi ta la'anta masu gudanarwa da ke wurin. Wannan rikici ya haifar da korar ta daga lakabin. A watan Janairun 1975, Tutti Frutti ta bude bikin Hollywood Rock; wasan kwaikwayon ya nuna bayyanar Turnbull ta ƙarshe tare da ƙungiyar.

Fruto Proibido (1975), wanda ya haɗu da dutse mai wuya, blues, da dutse na glam, Som Livre ne ya saki shi a watan Yuni kuma an dauke shi a matsayin babban aikin Lee da kuma dutse na kusurwa na Dutse na Brazil.  Waƙoƙin "Agora Só Falta Você", "Esse Tal de Roque Enrow", da kuma "Ovelha Negra" - wanda aka yaba da shi a matsayin taken tsara wanda ke nuna ɗayan shahararrun guitar solos na zamanin - ya mamaye rediyo na Brazil. Wannan nasarar ta ba Lee lakabin "Queen of Brazilian Rock" kuma ta ba Tutti Frutti damar gudanar da rangadin dutse na farko na Brazil, wanda ya mamaye manyan birane daga arewa zuwa kudu kuma ya kammala tare da ƙungiyar da ke jagorantar dare na karshe na Bikin Saquarema na 1976. Kundin ya sayar da kwafin 700,000 kuma ya kasance na 12 a cikin rikodin da aka fi sayar da shi a shekarar.  

Entradas e Bandeiras ya biyo baya a shekara ta 1976, wanda Pena Schmidt ya samar kuma ya samar da waƙoƙin "Coisas da Vida" da "Corista de Rock", tare da "Bruxa Amarela" (wanda Raul Seixas da Paulo Coelho suka rubuta).  Kamar yadda Lee bai kasance ba yayin haɗuwa, sakamakon ya kasance sauti mai nauyi wanda Carlini ya mamaye. A wannan shekarar, ta fara haɗin gwiwa da kuma haɗin gwiwar sana'a tare da mawaƙa Roberto de Carvalho, wanda ya shiga ƙungiyar a matsayin guitarist.

A watan Agustan 1976, yayin da take da juna biyu, an kama Lee saboda mallakar wiwi tare da manajanta da mambobi takwas na Tutti Frutti - abin da ya faru da aka gani a matsayin yunkurin mulkin kama-karya na soja na yin koyi da al'adun matasa. Ta ci gaba da cewa ta daina amfani da kwayoyi saboda cikinta kuma cewa abubuwan sun kasance na baƙi. Bayan an gabatar da ita a takaice a cikin ofisoshin 'yan sanda kuma an gudanar da ita a gidan yarin mata na Hipódromo, ta sami tallafi daga Elis Regina, wanda ya ziyarci kuma ya bukaci kulawar likita don damuwar da ke da alaƙa da ciki na Lee: Elis ba mutum ne mai sha'awar mulkin kama-karya ba - akasin haka: an amince da ita a matsayin sarauniyar Olympus na kiɗa, kuma babu wani ƙaramin janar da zai taɓa taɓa taɓa ta. Ta zauna a aiki a can har sai an ba ni magani kuma zubar da jini ya daina. Har ma ta ba da umarnin abinci daga gidan cin abinci saboda ta yi tunanin cewa na yi tsayi sosai ga mace mai ciki.Bayan kimanin makonni biyu a tsare, an yanke wa Lee hukuncin shekara guda na tsare gida da tarar. Ta yi hukuncin ne a gidan iyayenta a Vila Mariana, tare da izinin yin aiki ne kawai da dare. A cikin nunin ta na farko bayan haka, ta bayyana a cikin tufafi masu ban dariya a matsayin fursuna, tana samun goyon baya daga matasa masu sauraro, waɗanda suka jefa sigari a kan mataki.

Duk da nasarar da aka samu na Entradas e Bandeiras, karancin shirye-shirye don inganta kundin ya bar Lee ya girgiza kuma yana fuskantar matsalolin kudi. Daga nan sai ta saki wakar "Arrombou a Festa" (wanda aka rubuta tare da Coelho) a watan Maris na shekara ta 1977, tana sukar yanayin MPB na zamani; ya haifar da wasu maganganu marasa kyau, gami da rubutun fansa da aka ruwaito a cikin manema labarai. Ɗaya ya kasance na 13 a cikin jerin rikodin Brazil mafi kyawun a wannan shekarar, tare da fiye da 250,000 da aka sayar - rikodin don tsarin inci 7. An haifi ɗanta Roberto (Beto Lee) a wannan watan, João ya biyo baya a 1979 da Antônio a 1981.