Daular Macedoniya

**Makidoniya** (/ˌmæsɪˈdoʊniə/_Greek), wanda kuma ake kira **Macedon** (/ ˈmæsɪdɒn/), tsohuwar masarauta ce a gefen Archaic da Greek Classical,  kuma daga baya ita ce babbar ƙasar Hellenistic Girka.  Daular Argead ce ta kafa Masarautar kuma ta fara mulkarta, wanda kuma daular Antipatrid da Antigonid suka biyo baya. Gida ga tsohuwar Masedoniyawa, mulkin farko ya kasance a arewa maso gabas na tsibirin Girka,  kuma tana iyaka da Epirus zuwa yamma, Paeonia zuwa arewa, Thrace zuwa gabas da Thessaly a kudu.

Kafin karni na 4 BC, Macedonia karamar masarauta ce a wajen yankin da manyan biranen Athens, Sparta da Thebes suka mamaye, kuma a takaice tana karkashin Achaemenid Farisa.  A lokacin mulkin Argead sarki Philip II (359-336 BC), Macedonia ta mamaye babban yankin Girka da daular Thracian Odrysian ta hanyar mamayewa da diflomasiyya. Tare da sojojin da aka gyara mai dauke da phalanxes masu amfani da *sarissa* pike, PhilipII ya ci nasara a tsohuwar ikon Athens da Thebes a yakin Chaeronea a shekarar 338BC FilibusƊan II Alexander the Great, wanda ke jagorantar ƙungiyar ƙasashen Girka, ya cika burin mahaifinsa na ba da umarni ga dukan ƙasar Girka lokacin da ya halaka Thebes bayan da  ya yi tawaye. A lokacin yaƙin cin nasara Alexander na gaba, ya hambarar da Daular Achaemenid kuma ya ci yankin da ya kai har Kogin Indus. A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, **daularsa ta Macedonia** ita ce mafi ƙarfi a duniya-tabbatacciyar jihar Hellenistic, tana ƙaddamar da sauye-sauye zuwa wani sabon lokaci na wayewar tsohuwar Girka. Sana'o'i da adabi na Girka sun bunƙasa a cikin sabbin ƙasashen da aka ci nasara da ci gaban falsafa, injiniyanci, da kimiyya sun yaɗu a cikin duniya. Wani muhimmin mahimmanci shi ne gudunmawar Aristotle, malami ga Alexander, wanda rubuce-rubucensa suka zama jigon falsafar Yammacin Turai.

Sarakunan Macedonia, waɗanda suke da cikakken iko kuma suna ba da umarnin albarkatun ƙasa kamar zinariya da azurfa, sun sauƙaƙe ayyukan hakar ma'adinai don haƙon kuɗaɗe, ba da kuɗin sojojinsu kuma, ta mulkin Filibus.II, sojojin ruwa na Makidoniya. Ba kamar sauran jihohin da suka gaje *diadochi* ba, ba a taɓa samun tsarin bautar daular da Alexander ya haɓaka a ƙasar Macidoniya ba, duk da haka sarakunan Macidoniya sun ɗauki matsayi a matsayin manyan firistoci na masarauta da kuma manyan majiɓinta na gida da waje na addinin Hellenistic. Hukumomin sojoji sun iyakance ikon sarakunan Macedonia, yayin da wasu ƙananan gundumomi a cikin mulkin mallaka na Macedonia sun sami yancin cin gashin kai har ma suna da gwamnatocin dimokiradiyya tare da manyan taruka.

## Asalin kalmar
Sunan Macedonia (Μακεδονία,   **) ya fito ne daga ethnonym  (), wanda ita kanta ta samo asali ne daga tsohuwar sifa ta Girka ta μακεδνός (  ), ma'ana "tsawo, siriri", kuma sunan mutanen da ke da alaƙa da Dorians (Herodotus), kuma mai yiwuwa ya kwatanta mutanen Macedonia na dā.  Ana iya danganta shi da  μακρός (  ), ma'ana "dogon" ko "tsawo" a cikin tsohuwar Girka.  An yi imani da farko sunan yana nufin ko dai "masu girma", "masu tsayi", ko "manyan manya".  Masanin ilimin harshe Robert SP Beekes ya yi iƙirarin cewa waɗannan sharuɗɗan biyun asalin Girka ne kuma ba za a iya yin bayanin su ta fuskar ilimin halittar Indo-European ba,  duk da haka Filip Decker ya ki amincewa da muhawarar Beekes a matsayin rashin isa.

## Tarihi
 

### Tarihin farko  ===

Masana tarihi na Girka na gargajiya Herodotus da Thucydides sun ba da labari cewa sarakunan Macidoniya na daular Argead zuriyar Temenus ne, sarkin Argos, don haka suna iya da'awar Heracles ta tatsuniyoyi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin kakanninsu da kuma zuriyar kai tsaye daga Zeus, great god. na Girka pantheon.  Tatsuniyoyi masu sabani sun bayyana cewa ko dai Perdiccas na Macedon ko Caranus na Macedon sune suka kafa daular Argead, tare da sarakuna biyar ko takwas kafin Amyntas.I.  Maganar cewa Argeads sun fito daga Temenus ya samu karbuwa daga hukumomin *Hellanodikai* na wasannin Olympics na zamanin da, suna ba da izinin Alexander I na Macedon (r. 498-454 BC) don shiga gasa saboda abin da ya gani na Girka.  An san kadan game da mulkin kafin mulkin Alexander mahaifin Amyntas I na Masedon (r. 547-498 BC) a lokacin zamanin Archaic. 

## Manazarta