Rashin guba na uranium a Punjab

Guba Uranium a Punjab ya ba da labari a cikin 2009 lokacin da ƙwararriyar ƙwayar ƙarfe ta Afirka ta Kudu Carin Smit ta ba da umarnin a yi wa yara gwajin a Baba Farid Center For Special Children (BFCSC), cibiyar kula da yara masu fama da Autism, palsy, da sauran cututtukan jijiya a Faridkot, Punjab. Gwajin gwaje-gwaje sun gano yawan sinadarin uranium a cikin yaran gida. Gwajin muhalli ya gano cewa ruwan karkashin kasa na Punjab, musamman kusa da tafkunan toka, yana da sinadarin uranium mai yawa. 

## Tarihi
A cikin 1995, Jami'ar Guru Nanak Dev (GNDU) ta fitar da rahoto wanda ke nuna kasancewar uranium da sauran karafa masu nauyi fiye da iyakokin da aka halatta a cikin samfurori na ruwa da aka tattara daga gundumomin Bathinda da Amritsar. Babu wani martani daga gwamnati a wannan lokacin. Hotspot na wannan karuwar guba shine Yankin Malwa na Punjab, wanda ya nuna matakan sinadarai masu yawa, kwayoyin halitta da guba na rediyo, gami da gurɓataccen uranium. 

Yayin da ruwan karkashin kasa da kuma sarkar abinci na yankin ke gurbace a hankali ta hanyar gurbataccen ruwa na masana'antu da ke kwarara zuwa wuraren ruwan da ake amfani da su wajen ban ruwa da sha, yankin ya nuna karuwar cututtukan jijiya, da karuwar masu kamuwa da cutar daji da cututtukan koda. A gundumar Muktsar tsakanin 2001 zuwa 2009, mutane 1,074 ne suka mutu sakamakon cutar kansa.

A watan Maris na shekara ta 2008, likitan likitancin Afirka ta Kudu Carin Smit ya ziyarci Cibiyar Baba Farid For Special Children (BFCSC), wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke aiki tare da yara masu fama da autism, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, da sauran cututtukan jijiyoyi. Smit ya nemi gwaje-gwaje na dakin gwaje- gwaje-gaje daga MicroTrace Minerals, wani dakin gwaje na gwaje-goje a Jamus. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2009, Smit ya ba da rahoton cewa MicroTrace Minerals sun sami matakan uranium a cikin samfurori na gashi na yara na BFCSC.  Bayan labarai sun fito game da waɗannan gwaje-gwajen, The Telegraph ta ruwaito cewa ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya sun "tsayayya da cewa ana shan guba ga yara" na tsawon shekaru, kuma ma'aikata a Faridkot da Bathinda sun fara nuna damuwa lokacin da suka ga karuwar shigar da yara masu nakasa sosai tare da lahani na haihuwa kamar hydrocephaly, microcephaly na kwakwalwa, Down's syndrome, da sauran cututtukan jiki da tunani. Smit da BFCSC sun ci gaba da gwada yara a cibiyar. A cikin 2010, Smit ya ba da rahoton cewa MicroTrace Minerals sun sami matakan uranium masu yawa a cikin kashi 87% na yara na BFCSC da ba su kai shekara 12 ba da kuma kashi 82% na yara na tsofaffi na BF CSC.  

Gwajin ruwan ƙasa na gaba ya nuna matakan uranium wanda ya kai 224 microgram a kowace lita (μg/L). Samfuran da aka ɗauka a kusa da tashoshin wutar lantarkin sun kai har sau 15 mafi girman iyaka na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya, kuma cutar ta yaɗu a duk faɗin jihar Punjab. A cikin 2010, samfuran ruwa da aka ɗauka daga Buddha Nullah, wani gurɓataccen ruwa mai gurɓataccen ruwa wanda ke haɗuwa cikin kogin Sutlej, ya nuna babban abun ciki mai nauyi da kasancewar uranium sau 1.5 daidai gwargwado.

## Amsa
A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2009, Gwamnatin Punjab ta ba da umarnin bincike kan lamarin, kuma an gudanar da jerin gwaje-gwaje tare da Cibiyar Bhabha Atomic Research. Da yake tattauna gwaje-gwajen, likitan farar hula Vivek Jain ya ce, "babu wani sakamako na uranium [...] kuma matakan suna ƙasa da matakan. Don haka hakan ba zai iya haifar da jinkirin tunani ko wani abu ba. "  Gwamnati ta danganta abnormalities ga cututtukan kwayar halitta. Kafofin yada labarai na cikin gida sun zargi gwamnati da rashin saka idanu kan tasirin muhalli na tafkunan ash da kuma rashin nazarin da ya dace game da gurɓataccen uranium a yankin.

MicroTrace Minerals ya ci gaba da gwada masu cutar kansa da ke zaune a yankin Malwa na Punjab, yankin da aka sani da samun cutar kansa mafi girma a Indiya.&#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Dalilan da za su iya haifar da hakan
Wani bincike na 2009 na Observer ya gano cewa dalilin da zai iya haifar da gurbatar kasa da ruwan karkashin kasa a Malwa shi ne tokar garwashin da aka kona a tashoshin wutar lantarki, mai dauke da sinadarin Uranium da toka mai yawa kasancewar yankin yana da manyan tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki guda biyu a jihar. A gundumar Bathinda, gwaje-gwaje akan ruwa na ƙasa sun sami matsakaicin matsakaicin adadin uranium (56.95 μg/L) a Bhucho Mandi, kusa da tafkin toka na tashar wutar lantarki ta Lehra Mohabat. Gwaje-gwajen sun kuma gano yawan sinadarin uranium a kauyen Jai Singh Wala, kusa da tafkin toka na Bathinda.&nbsp;

A cikin 2010, The Times of India ta ba da rahoton cewa yawan adadin uranium ana iya danganta shi da yadda Amurka ta yi amfani da ƙarancin uranium a yakin Afghanistan.

Masu bincike sun kammala da cewa abubuwan da ke haifar da yanayin kasa sune babban tushen gurɓacewar uranium a Punjab, yayin da haɓakar uranium ke faruwa a cikin ɓarna na Siwalik.

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Ƙarin karantawa

* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] "Asirin yana kewaye da guba ta uranium a Punjab". *Bayani.* An samo shi daga asali a ranar 16 ga Yuli 2011.