Juyin Mulkin Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya 2003

An **yi juyin mulki** a watan Maris na shekara ta 2003 a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya lokacin da sojojin Janar François Bozizé suka yi tattaki zuwa Bangui, babban birnin kasar, yayin da shugaba Ange-Félix Patassé ke halartar taron shugabannin yankin Sahel da Sahara a Nijar . 

## Fage
A cikin 2001, an yi juyin mulki da bai yi nasara ba a kan gwamnatin Patassé. Jami'ai da suka hada da André Kolingba da watakila Bozize sun shiga cikin wannan yunkurin juyin mulkin.   Bayan dogon shari’a, kotun manyan laifuka ta Afirka ta Tsakiya ta yanke hukuncin kisa ga Kolingba (yana gudun hijira a Uganda ) da kuma wasu 21 da suka yi yunkurin juyin mulki a watan Oktoba 2002;  An riga an soke tuhumar Bozize a ƙarshen 2001, kodayake an kore shi a matsayin hafsan soji.  

A lokacin da ya biyo bayan yunkurin juyin mulkin, an yi ta samun tashin hankali na siyasa da na kabilanci. Sojojin da ke biyayya ga Bozize (wanda ke samun goyon baya a tsakanin al'ummar Gbaya  ) sun yi arangama da sojojin Libya da kuma 'yan tawayen Kongo daga MLC, wadanda Patassé ya tura su duka. Sojojin MLC sun aikata laifukan yaki akan fararen hula  kuma an kashe daruruwan fararen hula marasa makami, yawancinsu mutanen Yakoma . 

A ranar 25 ga Oktoba, 2002, sojojin gida zuwa Bozize suka mamaye Bangui . Sun janye ne bayan kwashe kwanaki shida ana fafatawa.  A ranar 27 ga Nuwamba 2002, sojoji sun sake kwace Bossembélé, inda suka kashe 'yan tawaye biyar tare da sake bude hanyar zuwa Bouar .  A ranar 7 ga Disamba, sojoji dauke da makamai sun kwato Damara daga hannun 'yan tawaye.  A ranar 20 ga Disamba sojoji sun kwato Bozoum . A ranar 14 ga Janairun 2003, an bayar da rahoton cewa Bouar yana ƙarƙashin ikon 'yan tawaye. 

## juyin mulki
A ranar Alhamis, 13 ga Maris, 2003, Shugaba Ange-Félix Patassé ya bar birnin Bangui don halartar taron yankin Sahel-Sahara (CEN-SAD) a birnin Yamai, Nijar . Ya kasance tare da tawagar kimanin mutane ashirin, ciki har da Uwargidan Shugaban kasa Angele Patassé, Ministan Harkokin Waje Martial Beti Marace, da kuma mai ba da shawara ga shugaban kasa Prosper Ndouba, wanda kwanan nan ya sami 'yantar da 'yan tawaye watanni biyu kafin.  Tawagar shugaban kasar ta taso ne daga Bangui zuwa Yamai a cikin jirgin Douglas DC-8 na Libya, wanda shugaban Libya Muammar Gaddafi ya ba Patassé rance don amfani da shi a wannan tafiya.  Kafin tafiyarsa, babban hafsan hafsoshin shugaban kasar, Kanar Antoine Gambi, ya tabbatarwa Patassé cewa mayakan François Bozizé na cikin arewacin kasar kuma ba barazana bane ga Bangui a wannan tafiya. 

Yayin da Patassé ya tafi, Bozize ya jagoranci mayaka 1,000 zuwa babban birnin Bangui. A ranar Juma'a, 14 ga Maris, 2003, 'yan tawayen sun kwace garuruwan Bossembélé da Bouali, inda shugaba Patassé ya mallaki wata karamar gona, kan hanyar zuwa Bangui. A halin da ake ciki kuma, a daidai lokacin da 'yan tawaye suka yi tattaki zuwa birnin Bangui, shugaba Patassé yana birnin Yamai yana ganawa da Gaddafi da shugaban Chadi Idriss Deby . 

Bozize da 'yan tawayensa sun shiga birnin Bangui a ranar 15 ga Maris na 2003, yayin da shugaba Patassé yake kasar.  Sun kwace filin jirgin saman kasa da kasa da fadar shugaban kasa . Sojojin gwamnati, wadanda da yawa daga cikinsu ba a biya su albashi ba a cikin watanni, sun dan yi turjiya. Dakarun wanzar da zaman lafiya na CEMAC 370 sun yi watsi da mukamansu maimakon fada.

Shugaba Ange-Félix Patassé da tawagarsa kuma sun yi niyyar komawa Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya a ranar 15 ga Maris, a daidai lokacin da 'yan tawayen suka kwace birnin Bangui. Sai dai kuma jirgin da ke dauke da shugaban kasar Patassé zai koma Bangui ya samu jinkiri daga tashinsa daga Nijar saboda uwargidan shugaban kasar Angele Patassé ta makara daga wata ziyarar sayayya a Yamai. Yayin da babu wanda ke cikin jirgin shugaban kasar da ya san juyin mulkin da ke gudana a lokacin, wata doguwar ziyarar da uwargidan shugaban kasar ta yi a birnin Yamai "mai yiwuwa ya ceci rayukan ma'auratan," a cewar dan jarida François Soudan a Jeune Afrique .

Bozizé da 'yan tawayensa sun mamaye filin jirgin saman Bangui M'Poko a daidai lokacin da jirgin Patassé ya yi jinkirin zuwa filin jirgin. Da a ce sun yi yunkurin sauka da wuri, da an kama Patassé da tawagarsa na shugaban kasa ko kuma a harbe su. 'Yan tawaye sun harbe jirgin Patassé a lokacin da ya doso Bangui, lamarin da ya tilasta wa jirgin ya karkata zuwa filin jirgin saman Yaoundé Nsimalen da ke wajen Yaoundé, Kamaru . An kai tawagar shugaban kasar da aka kora zuwa otal din Yaoundé Hilton, inda Angèle da Ange-Félix Patassé suka samu labarin cewa an kai ‘ya’yansu kanana biyu Salomon da Providence zuwa ofishin jakadancin Faransa da ke Bangui. Ba da daɗewa ba jirgin Transall C-160 na jigilar soja ya kwashe yaran zuwa Libreville, Gabon, tare da wasu membobin dangin Patassé da kuma bayinsu na Togo . Akalla mutane goma sha biyar ne suka mutu a juyin mulkin. 

Bayan haka Bozize ya sanya dokar ta-baci kuma aka dakatar da tsarin mulki . A ranar Lahadi, 16 ga Maris, 2003, kwana guda bayan hawan mulki, François Bozize ya ayyana kansa a matsayin shugaban Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya.  Zai ci gaba da kafa gwamnatin tarayya tare da Abel Goumba a matsayin Firayim Minista, wanda ya mulki kasar har zuwa zaben 2005 .  Faransa ta tura dakaru da dama a kasar a karon farko cikin shekaru hudu domin kare 'yan kasashen waje.  Bayan juyin mulkin, Bozizé ya kirkiro wani sabon bangare a cikin Rundunar Sojan Afirka ta Tsakiya, wanda ya ƙunshi "'yan kishin kasa" waɗanda suka shiga cikin juyin mulkin tare da shi, wanda ake kira Jamhuriyar Republican Guard. Sun aikata laifuka da dama a kan fararen hula a babban birnin kasar. 

Ya zuwa ranar litinin 17 ga Maris, 2003, tallafin da kasashen Afirka na duniya ke baiwa Ange-Félix Patassé ya dusashe. Shugaban kasar Kamaru Paul Biya ya ki ya kira ko kuma amincewa da Patassé, ko da yake uwargidan shugaban kasar Kamaru Chantal Biya ta gana da tsohon takwararta, Angele Patassé, inda ta aikewa dangin abincin Afirka a matsayin wani bangare na ta'aziyyarta game da juyin mulkin. Shugaban Gabon Omar Bongo ya ja baya daga goyon bayansa na farko ga tsoma bakin Faransa a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, wanda Patassé ya kira "cin amana." 

A ranar Talata, 18 ga Maris, 2003, wasu jami’an Kamaru biyu, da karamin ministan kula da yankuna Hamidou Marafa Yaya da babban sakataren fadar shugaban kasa Jean-Marie Atangana Mebarao sun gana da Patassé inda suka ce masa ya bar Kamaru cikin sa’o’i 48. Washegari shugaban Kamaru Paul Biya ya tashi zuwa Amurka bai taba kira ko ganawa da Patassé ba. 

Patassé yayi la'akari da zuwa Afirka ta Kudu ko Libya, kafin ya zauna a Togo, inda ya shafe lokaci a baya a gudun hijira a lokacin 1980s kuma ya sadu da matarsa ta biyu 'yar Togo, Angele Patassé. Shugaban Togo Gnassingbe Eyadema ya yi maraba da Patassés zuwa kasar. Shugaban kasar Mali Amadou Toumani Touré da shugaban Senegal Abdoulaye Wade suma sun mika goron gayyata ga Patassé zuwa kasashensu. 

Iyalin Patassé sun tashi daga Yaoundé zuwa Lomé, Togo, a ranar 19 ga Maris, 2003, don fara gudun hijira daga Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya. 

### An zargi Chadi da hannu
An ga wasu mayaka daga kasar Chadi a cikin mayakan 'yan tawayen. Sai dai shugaban kasar Chadi, Idriss Deby, ya musanta ba da wani tallafin soji ga Bozize.   Jim kadan bayan juyin mulkin, Patassé ya fito fili ya zargi Déby, wanda ya gana da shi a Yamai, a lokacin da ake gudanar da shi, da goyon bayan Bozize, yayin da aka ce sojojin Chadi da wasu kungiyoyi na kwashe wasu sassan birnin na Bangui.  Patassé ya ce kasar Chadi tana da muradin tattalin arziki na samun iko da rijiyoyin mai na Afirka ta Tsakiya, kuma Deby na fatan hade yankin arewacin CAR saboda haka.  Dangane da wadannan zarge-zarge, USIP ta bayyana cewa "CAR da Chadi na da tarihin ba da mafaka ga kungiyoyin 'yan tada kayar baya".  Gabaɗaya, sojojin hayar kasashen waje sun taka rawar gani sosai a gwagwarmayar neman iko tsakanin Patassé da Bozizé, tare da dogara ga mayakan Libya da na Kongo, na biyu kuma kan mayakan Chadi.  

Bayan da Bozize ya karbi mulki, shi da Deby sun ci gaba da kulla alaka mai karfi ta siyasa, da nufin "hana hadin gwiwa tsakanin kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye a bangarorin biyu na kan iyaka".  

## Martani na duniya

*  and : Foreign ministers of the two countries visited General Bozizé after the coup, saying that they would negotiate with him.
* : The President of Chad, Idriss Déby, denied allegations that Chadian troops helped Bozizé.

## Magana