Shulamit Aloni

**Shulamit Aloni** (née **Adler**) (Ibraniyawa) (Hebrew) 27 Disamba 1927 - 24 Janairu 2014)  ya kasance ɗan siyasan Isra'ila. Ta kafa jam'iyyar Ratz mai ci gaba, ta kasance shugabar jam'iyyar Meretz, Shugaba na adawa daga 1988 zuwa 1990, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Ilimi daga 1992 zuwa 1993. A shekara ta 2000, ta lashe Kyautar Isra'ila . A cikin shekaru da yawa da ta yi a siyasa, Aloni ta yi kira ga ra'ayin addini, mafita ta zaman lafiya ga rikicin Isra'ila da Falasdinawa, daidaito ga 'Yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila kuma ta gabatar da dokar da ta kawar da luwadi.

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Shulamit Adler a Poland. Mahaifiyarta mai saƙa ce kuma mahaifinta masassaƙi ne, dukansu sun fito ne daga iyalan rabbi na Poland. Iyalin sun yi ƙaura zuwa Mandatory Palestine lokacin da take yarinya, kuma Aloni ta girma a Tel Aviv. An tura ta makarantar kwana a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu yayin da iyayenta suka yi aiki a cikin Sojojin Burtaniya. A lokacin yakin, ƙanwarta Mordekai ya kashe kansa. Yayinda take matashiya ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar matasa ta Zionist Hashomer Hatzair da Palmach . A lokacin Yakin Larabawa da Isra'ila na 1948, ta shiga cikin gwagwarmayar soja don Tsohon Birni Urushalima kuma sojojin Jordan sun kama ta. Bayan kafa jihar Isra'ila, ta yi aiki tare da yara 'yan gudun hijira kuma ta taimaka wajen kafa makarantar yara baƙi. Ta koyar a makaranta yayin da take karatun shari'a. Bayan aurenta a 1952 ga Reuven Aloni, wanda ya kafa Gwamnatin Ƙasar Isra'ila, ta koma Kfar Shmaryahu .

Aloni ya shiga Mapai a shekarar 1959. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin lauya, ta dauki bakuncin shirin rediyo mai suna After Working Hours tana ba da shawara ta shari'a ga talakawa Isra'ilawa kuma ta rubuta ginshiƙai ga jaridar  da *LaIsha* na mako-mako.

### Ayyukan siyasa

A shekara ta 1965, an zabi Aloni a cikin Knesset a cikin jerin sunayen Alignment, kawancen Mapai da Ahdut HaAvoda, kuma daga baya ta kafa Majalisar Abokan Ciniki ta Isra'ila, wacce ta jagoranci shekaru hudu. Kafin Zaben 1969, duk da haka, Alignment ta ki sanya ta a cikin jerin 'yan takara kuma ta rasa kujerarta. Lokacin da ya sake faruwa a 1973, Aloni ya bar jam'iyyar gaba ɗaya kuma ya kafa Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Jama'a, wanda aka fi sani da Ratz .  Jam'iyyar ta ba da shawarar sake fasalin zabe, rabuwa da addini da jiha da haƙƙin ɗan adam kuma ta lashe kujeru uku a Zaben Knesset na 1973, wanda ya sa Aloni ta zama mace mafi nasara da ta jagoranci jam'iyyar siyasa a Isra'ila. Ratz da farko ta shiga gwamnatin da ke karkashin jagorancin Alignment tare da Aloni a matsayin Minista ba tare da Ofishin ba amma nan da nan ta yi murabus don nuna rashin amincewa da nadin Yitzhak Rafael a matsayin Ministan Addinai. Ratz ya zama Ya'ad - Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama lokacin da MK mai zaman kansa Aryeh Eliav ya shiga jam'iyyar, amma ya koma matsayinsa na asali ba da daɗewa ba, lokacin da Eliav da Ratz memba Marcia Freedman suka bar rikice-rikice game da dangantaka da Ƙungiyar 'Yanci ta Falasdinu, da kuma yiwuwar Haɗin kai'ad tare da jam'iyyar Moked, zuriyar jam'iyyar Maki ta kwaminisanci.

A cikin shekarun 1970s Aloni ya yi ƙoƙari ya fara tattaunawa mai gudana tare da Falasdinawa da fatan cimma matsaya ta zaman lafiya. A lokacin Yaƙin Lebanon na 1982 ta kafa Cibiyar Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya a Gabas ta Tsakiya . A cikin Zaben 1984, Ratz ya shawo kan sansanin hagu na Isra'ila (jam'iyyar da ta ƙunshi Eliav, Moked, da Majalisar Isra'ila don Zaman Lafiya ta Isra'ila da Palasdinawa) kuma ta haɗa kai da Zaman Lafiya Yanzu don ƙara girman ta a cikin Knesset zuwa kujeru uku. A watan Maris na shekara ta 1988, Aloni ta dauki nauyin wasu dokoki wadanda suka samu nasarar kawar da luwadi a Isra'ila.[1] A Zaben 1988, Aloni ta nuna goyon bayanta ga mafita ta jihohi biyu. A shekara ta 1992, ta jagoranci Ratz cikin kawance tare da Shinui da Mapam don kafa sabuwar jam'iyyar Meretz, wacce ta lashe kujeru 12 a karkashin jagorancinta a zaben a wannan shekarar.[2] Aloni ta zama Ministan Ilimi a karkashin Yitzhak Rabin amma an tilasta mata ta yi murabus bayan shekara guda saboda maganganun da ta yi game da al'amuran addini. A matsayinta na Ministan Ilimi, ta kuma soki tafiye-tafiye da daliban makarantar sakandare na Isra'ila suka shirya zuwa sansanonin Holocaust a kan dalilin da ya sa irin wannan ziyarar ta juya matasan Isra'ila zuwa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, masu tsattstsauran ra-tsalle, suna mai cewa ɗalibai "yi tafiya tare da tutar da ba a rufe ba, kamar dai sun zo ne don cin nasarar Poland".[3] An sake nada ta Ministan Sadarwa da Kimiyya da Al'adu.

Bayan sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Oslo a 1993, Aloni ta bayyana ra'ayinta cewa yarjejeniyar ta kasance mai kyau a kan sikelin tarihi: "Ina jin kamar a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba [ranar Shirin Rarraba Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Falasdinu]; ba mu san abin da muke nufi ba, amma mun san muna kan hanyar manyan kwanaki. "

Bayan kisan kiyashi na Musulmai 29 a Hebron, West Bank a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 1994, wanda Baruch Goldstein ya yi, Aloni ya yi kira ga korar Mazauna Yahudawa daga Hebron.

Bayan Zaben Knesset na 1996, inda Meretz ta rasa kujeru uku, an kori Aloni daga jagorancin Meretz, tare da zabar Yossi Sarid don ya gaji ta a matsayin shugaban Meretz. Daga nan sai ta yi ritaya daga siyasa.

## Manazarta