Sharia a Najeriya

A Najeriya, an kafa Sharia ne a matsayin babban bangare na dokar farar hula da ta aikata laifuka a jihohi goma sha biyu mafi rinjaye na Musulmi tun a shekarar 1999, lokacin da gwamnan Jihar Zamfara na lokacin Ahmad Sani Yerima  ya fara turawa ga kafa Sharia. An "bayyanar da cikakken dokar Shari'a" a cikin jihohi goma sha biyu a wannan shekarar, kuma jihohin sun kirkiro cibiyoyin shari'ar Islama kamar Hukumar Shari'a, da Hukumar Zakat, da kuma hisbah (wani nau'in 'yan sanda na Islama).  A cewar wasu masu sukar (Leo Igwe, shugaban kwamitin amintattu na Kungiyar Humanist ta Najeriya), amincewa da dokar Shari'a ta saba wa Mataki na 10 na kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya wanda ke tabbatar da 'yancin addini.

## Jihohi
Goma sha biyu daga cikin jihohi talatin da shida na Najeriya suna da addinin Musulunci a matsayin addini mafi girma. A cikin shekarar 1999, waɗannan jihohin sun zaɓi kotunan Shari'a da kotunan Al'ada.

Ya zuwa shekarar 2025, jihohi 12 masu zuwa sun kafa Shari'a:

* Jihar Zamfara (27 Janairu 2000) 
* Jihar Kano (21 Yuni 2000) 
* Jihar Sokoto
* Jihar Katsina (Agusta 2000) 
* Jihar Bauchi (Yuni 2001) 
* Jihar Borno
* Jihar Jigawa
* Jihar Kebbi
* Jihar Yobe
* Jihar Kaduna
* Jihar Nijar (4 ga Mayu 2000) 
* Jihar Gombe

## Hisbah
Don inganta kyawawan halaye na Islama da kuma hana mugunta, kowannensu daga cikin jihohi goma sha biyu yana da ƙungiyar Hisbah, amma kowannensu yana da "na musamman". Misali, tun daga shekara ta 2016: "Ƴan hisban Kano da Zamfara suna da tushe a cikin dokar jihar", "suna da kwamitin da aka ba izini ta doka ko kwamiti mai tare da ikon jihar", kuma suna samun tallafin jihar domin biyan albashi na "dubban mutane". Hisbah a jihar Gombe "ba shi da goyon bayan doka", babu wata doka mai tallafawa, babu "tallafin gwamnati, kuma ya ƙunshi masu sa kai" waɗanda "wani lokacin dole ne su ba da gudummawa ga gudanar da kungiyar". Borno ya bayyana cewa hisbah "ya wanzu ne kawai a kan takarda". 

A cewar Human Rights Watch, ayyukan hisbah a Najeriya suna da kamanceceniya da sauran kungiyoyi masu tsaro a wannan ƙasar, saboda "ya ƙunshi mafi yawan samari da aka dauka a cikin gida waɗanda galibi suna sintiri a unguwarsu kuma wani lokacin nan take suna ba da horo ga mutanen da ake zargi da aikata laifi, ba tare da, ko kafin, ba da su ga 'yan sanda".

Human Rights Watch ya ga cewa "mafi yawan" mambobin hisbah suna da "ƙananan ilimi na yau da kullun, babu asali a cikin doka, kuma babu horo a cikin tilasta bin doka ko hanyoyin kama masu laifi, bincike, ko tattara shaidu. Human Rights Watch ba ta san cewa akwai wata mata da ta shiga hisbah a Najeriya ba. "  Duk da yake babu dokoki da aka kafa a kan hanyar hisbah, bisa ga "mahimmanci na yau da kullum" na abin da hisbah aka ba zata iya yi, "suna kama masu laifi", amma ba kawai don su shiga gidajen mutane ko kuma yin leken asiri a kan su ba akan zargi". A aikace, "waɗannan da sauran jagororin" galibi an yi watsi da su kuma an keta "dama ga sirri" na mutane. Duk da yake membobin Hisbah suna da alhakin "zane da kuma dukan masu aikata laifuka", ba kamar wasu kungiyoyin masu tsaro ba "tun daga shekara ta 2004, Human Rights Watch ba ta san wata kisa da mambobin hisbah suka yi ba". [Lura 1] Bayan an gabatar da Shari'a, "daga shekara ta 2000 zuwa shekara ta 2002, akwai "ra'ayoyi da yawa game da cin zarafin da hisbah ke yi", tare da bulala da dokoki da aka yi a wurin, musamman ta hanyar hisbah ba bisa hukuma ba, amma a shekara ta 2003 cin zarafin hisbah "ya yi kama da ya ragu".

A cewar Shirin Tabbatar da Zaman Kantawa da Sulhu na Najeriya (NSRP), yayin da "ayyukan horo na tilastawa" na hisbah ke jan hankalin kafofin watsa labarai, hisbah ma suna ko kuma na iya shiga cikin warware rikice-rikice, ba da shawara ga aure, taimaka wa matalauta, da dai sauransu.

## Rashin mutunci
Blasphemy laifi ne a cikin dokar farar hula ta Najeriya da shari'a. An soke wasu sanannun shari'o'i ko kuma an mayar da su don sake gwada su. A ranar 10 ga watan Agusta, shekarar 2020, Omar Farouq, mai shekaru 16 (wanda aka gwada shi a matsayin babba a karkashin dokar Islama bayan ya wuce balaga), an yanke masa hukuncin shekaru 10 a kurkuku tare da aiki mara kyau saboda "yin amfani da mummunan harshe ga Allah a cikin gardama tare da abokinsa." UNICEF ta nuna rashin amincewa da shari'ar,  kuma bayan an gudanar da shi "fiye da watanni biyar ba tare da samun damar zuwan iyali ko lauyoyi ba" sashen daukaka ƙara na Babban Kotun Jihar Kano ya saki Farouq.  An sake shi. Yahaya Sharif-Aminu, mataimakin gidan waƙa mai shekaru 22 wanda aka yanke masa hukuncin kisa a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta, shekarar 2020 saboda yin "sanarwa mai banƙyama ga Annabi Mohammed a cikin rukunin WhatsApp", an "maido da shi zuwa kotun Shari'a don sake shari'a saboda rashin daidaito".

## Manazarta