open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Alice Badiangana

**Alice Badiangana,** wacce aka fi sani da **Alice Badiangaba** ko **Alice Mbadiangana**, **wacce** daga baya aka haife ta a 1939, ƙwararriyar ƙungiyar ƙwadago ce kuma 'yar siyasa daga Jamhuriyar Congo . Ita ce mace ta farko 'yar ƙasar Congo da aka tsare a matsayin fursunan siyasa, kuma ita ce ta kafa ƙungiyar matasan Congo kuma shugabar ƙungiyar mata ta Afirka ta Congo .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Badiangana a shekarar 1939 kuma ta halarci makarantar firamare ta Katolika a Brazzaville, tana karatu don ƙarin darussa. Matsayin iliminta ya ba ta damar samun aiki a Asusun Tsaron Jama'a na Ƙasa.  Ta shiga sashen reshe na gida (GCAT) na Babban Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata (CGT), wanda ƙungiya ce ta ma'aikata a kasuwanci da masana'antu kuma tana da ra'ayin gurguzu. Badiangana ta zama wakilin ƙungiyar Asusun Tsaron Jama'a na Ƙasa. 

A shekarar 1956, ta kafa ƙungiyar matasan Congo (UJC), tare da Aimé Matsika da Julien Boukambou . Tana ɗaya daga cikin membobin ƙungiyar na dindindin da ake ɗauka a matsayin masu ci gaba. &#x5B; ** &#x5D; Badiangana kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin ƙungiyar mata ta Afirka ta Kongo (UFAC), wacce ke da alaƙa da UJC. Manufar UFAC "ita ce ta tattaro matan Kongo daga dukkan yankunan ƙasar domin su san matsalolin da ƙasar ke fuskanta da kuma yin aiki don samun 'yanci, wadata da ingantacciyar ƙasar Kongo".  Sakamakon alaƙarta da ƙungiyoyin biyu, a shekarar 1959 ta yi tafiya zuwa Vienna don bikin Duniya na Matasa da Ɗalibai.  Yayin da take tare da UJC, Badiangana ta goyi bayan fafutukar 'yancin kai na Kongo-Brazzaville. 

## Ɗaurin kurkuku
A shekarar 1960, gwamnatin Congo ta daure mambobi 16 na CGAT da kuma mambobi takwas na UJC, bisa hujjar makircin kwaminisanci. Badiangana ita ce mace daya tilo. CGT ta umurci daya daga cikin lauyoyinta, Michel Bruguier, da ta kare wadanda ake zargi tare da neman a sake su nan take. Sun kuma amfana da goyon bayan André Malraux, wakilin Faransa na yankin a wancan lokacin, wanda ya shiga tsakani da Shugaba Fulbert Youlou don ya roke shi da ya shirya shari'a. [1] Daurin da aka yi mata na cewa Badiangana ita ce mace ta farko da ta zama fursunan siyasa a Congo, kafin samun 'yancin kai. An yi watsi da shari'ar ta kuma aka sake ta a watan Satumba na 1960, bayan watanni shida a gidan yari. [1] Yayin da aka daure ta, a ranar 15 ga Agusta 1960, Congo ta sami 'yancin kai. [ ana buƙatar ambato ] Ta koma bakin aikinta a ƙungiyar kwadago, waɗanda ke sukar manufofin gwamnati na ɗaukar ma'aikata da yanayin aiki.

## Manazarta
Elsa Castillo

**Elsa Castillo Rada** (19 Oktoba 1963)  malamar Venezuela ce kuma mai fafutukar neman ƙwadago, memba ce ta Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ƙwadago ta Ƙasa ( *Alianza Nacional Sindical* ).  

## Sana'a
Castillo yana ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin kiran da aka yi na yin tattakin malamai da ma'aikata a ranar 23 ga Janairu, 2023. [1] [2] A wannan watan, an yi Allah wadai da wani yanayi da nufin halatta kiran zanga-zangar da malamai a ƙasar suka yi, wanda ƙungiyar masu sadarwa ta dijital masu goyon bayan gwamnati suka haifar, waɗanda suka shafi Ƙungiyar Sadarwa ta Ƙasa, suna zargin Castillo da tafiya a cikin "jirgin sama mai zaman kansa". [3]

## Manazarta
Cécile Guéret

**Cécile Guéret-Séreguet** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1954) ƙwararriyar mai fafutuka ce kuma 'yar siyasa a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya . Ta yi aiki a matsayin magajin garin Bangui daga 2000 zuwa 2003. 

Ta kasance mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata a fannin ƙwadago, a da ta kasance shugabar ƙungiyar ma'aikatan Afirka ta Tsakiya da kuma ƙungiyar mata ta OFCA.

## Sana'a

### Fafutukar 'Yan Kwadago da Mata
Guéret ya shiga ƙungiyar kwadago ta Afirka ta Tsakiya a shekarar 1979 kuma ya zama fitaccen shugaba.

A matsayinta na memba a ofishin ƙasa na Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Afirka ta Tsakiya (USTC), an kama ta kuma an tsare ta ba tare da an yi mata shari'a ba a ranar 9 ga Yuli, 1991, saboda ayyukanta na ƙungiyar a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Shugaba André Kolingba . Ta zama shugabar ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Afirka ta Tsakiya (UGTC) a shekara ta 2000. Fafutukar ma'aikata ta Guéret ta haɗa da yin tafiye-tafiye a faɗin ƙasar don ƙarfafa mata ma'aikata su shirya.    

Fafutukarta ta mata ta sa aka naɗa ta shugabar *ƙungiyar 'Femmes de Centrafrique* ' (OFCA) a shekarar 2015.   A wannan shekarar, Shugaba Catherine Samba-Panza ta naɗa ta a kwamitin shirye-shiryen taron ƙasa na Bangui . 

### Shugaban Bangui
Shugaba Ange-Félix Patassé ya naɗa Guéret magajin garin Bangui, babban birnin Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, a watan Fabrairun 2000, inda ya haɗu da wasu mata kaɗan waɗanda suka kai wannan matsayi a ƙasar. [1] [2] Ta yi aiki a matsayin magajin gari na tsawon shekaru uku, har zuwa 2003, lokacin da Shugaba François Bozizé ya karɓi mulki ya naɗa ɗan uwansa Jean-Barkès Gombé-Ketté [fr] a madadinta. An daure Guéret na tsawon watanni kaɗan amma daga ƙarshe aka sake shi. [3]

## Manazarta
Teresa Klimek

**Teresa Klimek** (1929-2013) malamar makaranta ce kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan ƙasar Poland . An yi mata karatunta ne don koyar da lissafi, ta koyar a makarantu daban-daban a Gorzów Wielkopolski daga 1953 zuwa 1984 kuma an girmama ta saboda ƙwarewarta a matsayin malamar makaranta. Ta taimaka wajen kafa reshen Gorzów Wielkopolski na ƙungiyar Katolika ta ilimi da kuma reshen yanki na Solidarity . An yaba wa gwagwarmayarta a lokacin gwagwarmayar dimokuradiyya ta Poland a matakin gida da na ƙasa kuma an girmama ta da lambobin yabo da kyaututtuka da yawa.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Teresa Maria Tomaszewska-Bończa a ranar 11 ga Oktoba 1929 a Hrubieszów, Poland ga iyalai masu daraja na Stanisław Bończa-Tomaszewski  da Marii Skrzetuskiej. Bayan rabuwar iyayenta, Tomaszewska-Bończa ta girma ta wurin kakaninta na uwa Kazimierza Skrzetuskiego da Maria (née Dobrowolska) Skrzetuska. Ita ce babbar jikanyar Antoni Skrzetuski, wanda aka karrama shi don aikin soja a cikin tashin Janairu .  Iyalin sun yi tafiya sau da yawa a lokacin yakin, suna zaune a Wrzesnia, Zwierzyniec, Przeworsk da Mogilno, kafin ta shiga makarantar sakandare a 1944.  A 1949, ta sauke karatu daga  a Gniezno  kuma ta ci gaba da karatunta a Jami'ar Adam Mickiewicz da ke Poznań (UAM), tana karatun lissafi daga 1949 zuwa 1952. 

## Sana'a
Bayan kammala karatunsa, Tomaszewska-Bończa ta yi karatu na ɗan lokaci a Kwalejin Sojojin Ruwa ta Poland, sannan tsakanin 1952 da 1953 ta koyar a wata makarantar koyon sana'o'i a Gdynia . [1] A shekarar 1953, Tomaszewska-Bończa ta auri Władysław Klimek [pl], ya koma Gorzów Wielkopolski kuma ya koyar a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Gastronomic ( Polish ) na tsawon shekaru biyu. A shekarar 1957, ta fara koyarwa a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Sinadarai ( Polish ), inda ta ci gaba har zuwa 1972. Ta kammala digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta (UAM) a 1966, sannan a 1976 ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta a Jami'ar Warsaw . Tsakanin 1972 da 1984 ta koyar da lissafi a Maria Sklodowska-Curie High School of Gorzów Wielkopolski [pl] a Gorzów Wielkopolski. A wannan lokacin, ta kuma yi aiki a kan wani aikin gwaji tsakanin 1976 da 1980 wanda Ma'aikatar Kimiyya ta ƙaddamar a makarantun sakandare. Klimek ta yi ritaya daga koyarwa a 1984. [1]

## Manazarta
Rabiatou Sérah Diallo

**Rabiatou Serah Diallo** (31 Disamba 1949 - 28 Yuni 2023) ɗan ƙungiyar ƙwadago ne na Guinea.  Ita ce babban sakatare-janar na Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Ginin ( *Confedération Nationale des Travailleurs de Guinée*, CNTG).  

An haifi Diallo a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 1949 a Mamou, Guinea.  Ta yi kwas na sakatare a *Ecole des Cadres Techniques* da ke Conakry daga 1964 zuwa 1966.   Ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar gwamnati a fannin gudanarwa a lokacin mulkin Ahmed Sékou Touré daga 1966 zuwa 1979.  Bayan kammala horo na musamman na shari'a a  (1975–1978),  ta zama "mai horo a Ma'aikatar Shari'a (1979–1980), magatakardar kotu a Kotun Yanki ta Conakry I (1980–1984), mataimakin alkali mai kula da Kotun Yara (1984–1985), majistare a Kotun Aiki ta Ma'aikatar Shari'a (1997), kuma jami'in da ke kula da haƙƙin mata a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Mata da Yara (1997)." 

Aikinta a matsayin mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ma'aikata ya fara tun da wuri. A shekarar 1966, "an zaɓe ta a sashin ma'aikata na Fadar Shugabancin Jamhuriyar". [1] Diallo ita ce sakatare-janar na Kwamitin Ma'aikata na Gundumar Conakry daga 1981 zuwa 1984, memba ce a Kwamitin Zartarwa na Ƙungiyar Nationale des Travailleurs de Guinée (CNTG), kuma sakatare-janar na CNTG, wanda aka fara zaɓensa a 2000. [2] Daga Fabrairu 2010 zuwa Janairu 2014, ita ce shugabar Majalisar Canjin Ƙasa. [3] [4] Ta sami kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka da yawa. [1]

A watan Mayun 2006, Diallo ya koma Guinea bayan dogon lokaci da ya yi ba ya nan. An kashe Kanfy Camara, wacce ta yi kama da ita sosai, jim kaɗan bayan haka, lamarin da ICFTU ta ɗauka a matsayin wani yunƙuri na ɓata lokaci na kashe Diallo. 

Diallo ya mutu a ranar 28 ga Yuni 2023, yana da shekaru 73. 

## Manazarta
Graciela Amaya de García

**Graciela Amaya de García** (11 Janairu 1895 - 11 Oktoba 1995) ta kasance mai tsara harkokin mata da kwadago ta Tsakiyar Amurka . An haife ta a El Salvador kuma ta sami horo a matsayin malamar makaranta, ta koma Honduras tana da shekaru ashirin. Ta shiga ƙungiyar gurguzu, ta zama mai gudanar da jam'iyya, inda ta kafa ƙungiyoyin kwadago don yin tsayayya da ayyukan ma'aikata na masana'antu da ke aiki a ƙasar. Ta kafa ƙungiyar mata ta farko ta Honduras, Society of Feminist Culture, a cikin 1923 kuma ta shirya makarantun dare ga mata masu aiki don koya musu game da haƙƙinsu. An kore ta daga Honduras saboda jagorantar zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnati a 1944, ta gudu zuwa El Salvador amma ta zauna watanni kaɗan kawai saboda juyin mulki ya kawo mulkin kama-karya. Bayan ta koma Guatemala, García ta ci gaba da ayyukanta na shirya ma'aikata da ilmantar da mutanen aji, har sai da shugaban ƙasa ya kore ta a 1946. Ta koma Mexico, ta yi aiki a Sakatariyar Ilimi kuma ta rubuta labarai don tallafawa siyasa da mata masu ra'ayin hagu.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi María Graciela Amaya Barrientos a ranar 11 ga Janairu, 1895 a San Salvador, El Salvador ga María Dolores Barrientos da José Bernardino Amaya.  Kakanta na wajen uwa shine Felipe Barrientos, lauya kuma janar na soja, kuma ɗan uwanta Fernando Barrientos mai tsara ayyukan kwadago ne.   Mahaifiyarta ta mutu tana da shekaru biyu kuma kakarta ta rene ta tare da ɗan'uwanta tilo, Felipe Armando.  Amaya ta halarci Escuela Normal de Maestras a San Salvador tana koyon ilimin koyarwa kuma tana koyarwa a makarantu a El Salvador.  A shekara ta 1915, ita da mahaifinta suka ƙaura zuwa Tegucigalpa, Honduras kuma a shekara mai zuwa, ta auri Jose García Lardizabel.  Mahaifinta ya hana ta yin aiki kuma ta shafe shekaru da yawa tana kula da ƙaramin ɗanta, Tómas.  A farkon shekarun 1920, ɗan'uwanta, Armando, wanda ya kasance mai tsara ayyukan gurguzu a Amurka ya shiga cikin iyalin a Honduras kuma ya gabatar da García ga ra'ayoyin gurguzu. 

## Sana'a
Zuwa shekarar 1921, Juan Pablo Wainwright ya ɗauki García, ɗan'uwanta Armando, Víctor M. Angulo, Manuel Cálix Herrera, da Carlos Gómez a matsayin masu shirya ayyukan kwadago na Marx. Ya jagorance su wajen shirya yajin aiki a Arewacin Honduras kan kamfanonin samar da ayaba da layin dogo don samun ƙarin albashi da fa'idodi. [1] A ƙarƙashin ƙungiyar laima, Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Honduras ( Spanish ), mambobi daban-daban sun ƙirƙiri ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata na membobi. García ta jagoranci ƙungiyar Redención, wacce memba ce ta FOH. [1] A shekarar 1923, ta kafa Ƙungiyar Al'adun Mata ( Spanish , wacce ƙungiya ce ta mata ta gurguzu da nufin tsara mata masu aiki. [1] Ita ce ƙungiyar mata ta farko da aka kafa a Honduras [1] kuma ta yi aiki da adawa da gwamnati. [1] Ƙungiyar ta kafa makarantun dare ga mata waɗanda suka ba da dandali don koyar da mata game da 'yancinsu da daidaitonsu. Ƙungiyar ta kuma buga wata wasiƙar labarai don tattauna batutuwa game da batutuwan mata da 'yancinsu. [1]

## Manazarta
Anna Berentine Anthoni

**Anna Berentine Anthoni** (18 ga Mayu 1884 - 4 ga Maris 1951) 'yar ƙungiyar kwadago ce ta ƙasar Norway kuma 'yar siyasa a jam'iyyar Labour .

An haife ta a Bergen, kuma ta fara aiki a masana'antar labule daga 1901 zuwa 1905. Daga 1906 zuwa 1910, ta kasance kyaftin a cikin Rundunar Ceto . Daga nan ta yi shekaru da yawa a birnin Horten, inda ta kula da gidan ritaya daga 1919 zuwa 1925. Daga nan ta koma Bergen, ta yi aiki na tsawon shekaru biyu a masana'antar yadi kafin ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar ƙwadago ta Norsk Tekstilarbeiderforbund . [1] Ƙungiyar ƙwadago za ta zama wani ɓangare na Bekledningsarbeiderforbundet a 1969 da kuma Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago ta 1988. [2]

Ta kasance memba a kwamitin zartarwa na majalisar birnin Bergen daga 1934 zuwa 1951. Ta kuma kasance mataimakiyar wakiliya a Majalisar Dokokin Norway, wacce ta wakilci mazabar Bergen, a lokacin wa'adin 1937–1945 da 1950–1953. A shekarar 1950 ta sami kujera a majalisar dokoki akai-akai, tun lokacin da Nils Langhelle ta zama memba na Majalisar Ministoci ta Biyu ta Gerhardsen . Ta riƙe wannan matsayin har zuwa rasuwarta a ranar 4 ga Maris 1951. 

## Manazarta
Kaisa Hiilelä

**Amanda Katariina (Kaisa) Hiilelä** (an haife ta **Hildén**, 23 ga Oktoba 1891 - 4 ga Afrilu 1977) 'yar siyasar Finland ce. Ta kasance memba na Majalisar dokokin Finland 1930-1958 na Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party of Finland . 

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Hiilelä a cikin dangin manoma a Lempäälä . Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai hidima har zuwa 1907 lokacin da aka ɗauke ta aiki a kamfanin niƙa auduga na Finlayson da ke Tampere. Ta shiga Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party a 1908. A 1916-1919 Hiilelä ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aji na Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Tampere da kuma 1920-1946 ma'aji kuma sakataren Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Takardu . [1]

An zaɓe Hiilelä a Majalisar Dokokin Finland a shekarar 1930. Ta kasance memba a kwalejin zaɓe a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 1931, 1950 da 1956 kuma memba ce a Majalisar Birnin Tampere. 

## Iyali
'Yar'uwar Kaisa Hiilelä ita ce 'yar siyasa Ida Vihuri . Ministan Ilimi Reino Oittinen ya kasance dan uwansu. 

## Manazarta
Esther Schor

**Esther H. Schor** masanin kimiyya ce ta Amurka, marubuciya, kuma farfesa a fannin Nazarin Yahudawa na Amurka a Jami'ar Princeton . Bayan kammala digirin digirgir a Jami'ar Yale a shekarar 1985, ta kasance Farfesa a fannin Ingilishi a Princeton tun 1986, inda ta mai da hankali kan batutuwa kamar Romanticism a Burtaniya da Al'adun Yahudawa. Schor marubuci ne ga wallafe-wallafe da yawa, gami da The Forward, The New York Times Book Review, da The Times Literary Supplement . 

A shekara ta 2006, Schor ya kammala tarihin mawakiyar Amurka Emma Lazarus, mai taken *[[Emma Lazarus (book)|Emma Lazarus]]*; littafin ya lashe lambar yabo ta littafin Yahudawa ta 2006 a cikin rukunin Yahudawa na Amurka. 

A shekarar 2016, Schor ta buga *[[Bridge of Words]]*, tarihin Esperanto da kuma tarihin rayuwarta na Esperantist . A lokacin da aka fitar da littafin, Schor ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar Esperanto tsawon shekaru bakwai,  kuma ta rubuta labarai  kuma ta yi jawabi mai taken TED xRoma mai taken "Hangen Canji na Esperanto" kan wannan batu.  Littafin ya sami sharhi iri-iri daga masu sukar adabi, inda masu bita suka yaba da zurfin binciken littafin, wasu marubuta kuma suka soki shigar da abubuwan tarihin rayuwa.

## Manazarta
Carmela Jeria Gómez

**Carmela Jeria** (an haife shi **Carmela Jeria** **Gómez** a Valparaíso, Chile, 16 ga Yuli, 1886 - ?) ta kasance mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ma'aikata, mai rubuta rubutu, mai wallafa littattafai, kuma shugabar zamantakewa da kare haƙƙin mata . Ana kiranta da "ɗan jarida na farko mai aiki" a ƙasarta, kuma ita ce ta kafa *La Alborada*, jaridar ma'aikata ta farko da aka buga a Chile.

## Rikicin zamantakewa
Yanayin aiki a farkon karni ya kasance mai matukar hatsari kuma ya haifar da kafa ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata da yawa yayin da Chile ta fara amfani da albarkatun ƙasa. Tattalin arzikinta ya dogara da kusan kashi 50% akan saltpeter. Ci gaban tattalin arziki da ya haifar ya haifar da sabon tsarin zamantakewa a ƙasar, sakamakon ƙaura daga ma'aikata da kuma ƙaruwar amfani da aikin mata da yara. Jerin takaddamar aiki sun ɓarke inda ma'aikata ke neman ƙarin albashi da ƙarancin lokutan aiki. 

'Yan sanda da jami'an gwamnati sun danne yawancin waɗannan zanga-zangar da ba su dace ba, inda suka kashe mutane da yawa. Biyu daga cikin zanga-zangar da aka yi sun haɗa da Makon Ja (wani lokacin ana kiransa da tarzomar nama ) a shekarar 1905 da kuma kisan kiyashin Makarantar Santa Maria (wanda kuma ake kira, kisan kiyashi a Makarantar Santa María de Iquique) a ranar 21 ga Disamba, 1907, wanda ya ƙara ƙarfafa fafutukar ma'aikata. 

## Mai fafutukar kare mata kuma mai wallafa littattafai
Iyayen Carmela Jeria su ne Maria Gómez da kuma sanannen ɗan sanda kuma "wakilin ilimi" Mauricio Jeria na Valparaiso. Carmela ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin rubutu a Kamfanin Gillet Lithograph kuma ta koyi game da jaridu daga ciki. Tun tana ƙarama, ta zama memba mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ma'aikata. 

Tana da shekaru 19, Jeria ta kafa sabuwar jaridar mata mai suna La Alborada (da Turanci, The Dawn), wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama mace ta farko a Chile da ta zama 'yar jarida mai aiki. Ta buga bugu sau biyu a wata tun daga ranar 10 ga Satumba, 1905 daga Valparaiso. Bayan wasu 'yan fitowa, an dakatar da aikin kafin a ci gaba da aiki a babban birnin ƙasar, Santiago, a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba, 1906 a matsayin littafin mako-mako kuma tare da kalmomin "Jaridar Mata" a kan saman teburin. [1] [2] [3] [4]

Rubutun farko na Jeria, wanda ta sanya wa hannu Carmela Jeria G., ya ce: "An haifi *La Alborada* a cikin rayuwar 'yan jarida, da manufar kare ajin masu aiki musamman ma ma'aikata... suna aiki da jajircewa da himma don ci gaban ɗabi'a, kayan aiki da ilimi na mace mai aiki da kuma 'yan'uwanmu da ke cikin wahala." Editan ya ci gaba da cewa, "Muna fatan wata rana mata za su kai ga matakin ci gaban maza."   

## Manazarta
Irène Kälin

*Irène Kälin*' (an haife shi 6 Fabrairu 1987 a Lenzburg, Aargau ; asalinsa daga Einsiedeln ) ɗan siyasan Switzerland ne na Green Party .

## Rayuwa da aiki

### Karatu da aikin ƙwararru
Kälin ta sami digirinta *na Matura* a Gymnasium Leonhard da ke Basel a shekarar 2007. A shekarar 2009, ta fara karatunta na Musulunci da addini a Jami'ar Zurich kuma ta sami digiri na farko a fannin Fasaha a shekarar 2013. A shekarar 2014, ta shiga shirin digiri na biyu *na Religionskulturen* na Jami'ar Bern, inda ta rubuta wani rubutu game da amincewa da Musulunci a matsayin gwamnati.  Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam a Unia Aargau daga 2015 zuwa 2016 kuma yanzu ita ce shugabar ArbeitAargau, kungiyar ma'aikata a yankin.  

### Aikin siyasa
Daga Janairu 2010 zuwa Nuwamba 2017, Kälin ta zauna a Babban Majalisar Aargau, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar kwamitoci uku: Kwamitin Tsara Alhaki da Kudi (2010–2013), Kwamitin Samar da 'Yancin Bil Adama (2013–2015) da Kwamitin Muhalli, Gine-gine, Sufuri, Makamashi da Tsarin Amfani da Ƙasa (2013–2015); [1] baya ga haka, ta zama memba na Kwamitin Jarrabawar Kasuwanci a 2017. Bugu da ƙari, ita ce shugabar ƙungiyar Green Party a Babban Majalisar. [2]

Kälin ta kasance mataimakiyar shugabar jam'iyyar Green Party ta Switzerland daga 2012 zuwa 2014. 

A zaɓen tarayya na 2015, Kälin ta tsaya takarar Majalisar Ƙasa da Majalisar Jihohi  amma Jonas Fricker ya kayar da ita da ƙuri'u 2,500. A ranar 27 ga Nuwamba 2017, ta maye gurbin Fricker mai murabus a Majalisar Ƙasa yayin da aka sanya ta a matsayi na biyu a jerin zaɓen jam'iyyar.  Ta riƙe kujerarta a zaɓen tarayya na 2019 kuma an naɗa ta a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar Majalisar Ƙasa ta biyu a shekarar 2019-20.  Bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaba ta farko a majalisar dokoki daga 2020-2021,  ta hau kujerar Shugaban Majalisar Ƙasa a watan Nuwamba 2021. 

## Manazarta
Hiroko Yasutake

Hiroko Yasutake (安武 洋子, Yasutake Hiroko; 26 ga Yulin 1928 - 8 ga Agusta 2019) ɗan siyasan Japan ne. Asalin ma'aikaciyar gwamnati a Akashi, Hyōgo, ta zama mai aiki a matsayin shugaban reshen ƙungiyar kwadago na yanki da kuma memba na kwamitin tsakiya na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Japan, kafin ta yi aiki a cikin House of Councillors na gundumar Hyōgo a babban gundumar daga 1974 har zuwa 1986.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Yasutake, ɗan asalin Kobe, a ranar 26 ga Yuli, 1928.  Bayan kammala karatunsa a Makarantar 'Yan Mata ta Kobe ta Second (wanda yanzu  ) a shekarar 1945, Ofishin Tsaron Ma'aikata na Akashi, Hyōgo ya ɗauke ta aiki a shekarar 1950. 

A lokacin da take aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar gwamnati, ta fara aiki a ƙungiyar kwadago, inda ta zama shugabar mata reshen Hyogo na Sōhyō da kuma reshen Hyogo da Kinki na Zenroren . [1] Ta kuma shiga cikin ƙungiyar kwance damarar makaman nukiliya, a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar reshen Akashi na Majalisar Japan kan Atomic da Hydrogen Bombs . [1] Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Japan, a wani lokaci ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Tsakiya; [1] a watan Satumba na 1997, an ɗaukaka ta zuwa memba na Kwamitin Zartarwa na Girmamawa. [2]

Ta tsaya takarar gundumar Hyōgo a matsayin 'yar takarar jam'iyyarta a zaɓen Majalisar Kansiloli ta Japan a shekarar 1974, kuma an zaɓe ta.  An sake zaɓe ta a wannan gundumar a zaɓen Majalisar Kansiloli ta Japan a shekarar 1980.  An cire ta daga kujera a shekarar 1986 kuma an kayar da ita a zaɓen Majalisar Kansiloli ta Japan a shekarar 1989 yayin da take takara a wannan gundumar.  

A wajen siyasa, ta kasance mai aiki a matsayin mawaƙin tanka, tana rubuta tarin wakoki da ake kira *Rokkō no Fumoto de* (六甲のふもとで). 

Ta mutu sakamakon cutar kansar huhu a ranar 8 ga Agusta, 2019 a Akashi, Hyōgo .  

## Manazarta
Cheba Zahouania

**Cheba Zahouania** (Arabic) (kuma an rubuta **Chaba**), an haife shi **Halima Mazzi** (Arabic: حليمة مازي) (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga Mayu, 1959) mawaƙi ne na Aljeriya wanda aka sani da kiɗa na raï . Ta zauna a Faransa tun lokacin da aka kashe abokin waƙarta, Cheb Hasni, a shekarar 1994.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Halima Mazzi a Oran, Aljeriya, a shekarar 1959. A karkashin sunan Chaba Zahouania, ta zama sanannen mawaƙa na raï,  salon kiɗa na gargajiya. A shekara ta 1986, shekaru biyar bayan fara aikinta, ta sami karbuwa tare da rawar da ta yi na "Khâli ya khâli" (Kakanta, oh, kawuna) tare da Cheb Hamid .

A lokacin rani na shekara ta 1987, Zahouania ta rubuta "Beraka" ("The Shack"), tare da Cheb Hasni, wanda ka'idodin Aljeriya suka ɗauka mai tayar da hankali, wanda ya jawo musu hankali. Nasarar waƙar ta sa Hasni ya shahara kuma ya kara da shahararren Zahouania, kodayake waƙar ta kasance mai kawo rigima tare da masu sukar da masu tsatstsauran ra'ayi na Islama, waɗanda suka riga sun damu da shahararren nau'in raï.

An kashe Hasni a Oran a ranar 29 ga Satumba 1994. Zahouania ta bar Aljeriya kuma ta tafi zama a Faransa. Ta sami damar dawowa a 1999 kuma ta yi rikodin a Aljeriya, gami da duet tare da Cheb Abdou . A shekara ta 2006, ta fara raira waƙa game da batutuwan addini bayan Shugaba Abdelaziz Bouteflika ya gayyace ta zuwa Makka a aikin hajji na farko. Kodayake ba ta son siyasa, ta shiga tare da wasu mawaƙa na raï don ƙirƙirar kwamitin tallafi ga Abdelaziz Bouteflika a cikin 2009.

## Zaɓin faifai

* *H Bibi Darha Biya* (2003) 
* *Baraka* (2002) 
* *Zahouania* (2001) 
* *Samahni ya zine* (2000) 
* *Rhythm n Raï* (1997) 
* *Tsarin Raï* (1995) 
* *Dare ba tare da barci ba* (1988) 
* Ayyukan *Tsarin Rachid*. Rim'K
* *Wourini Ya lashe Rak Tergoud*
* *Mazelt fi lbal*
* *Ya Lala Torkia*
* *Abokantaka Mai Tsarki* tare da TLF
* *Hanyar Rana* da ke nuna Rim'K

## Manazarta
Amanda Martín

**Amanda Martín** mai fafutuka ce a Jam'iyyar Ma'aikata . Ita ma malamar tarihi ce kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ma'aikata. 

Ta zama 'yar majalisa ta birnin Buenos Aires mai cin gashin kansa a watan Yunin 2021, a matsayin 'yar takarar jam'iyyar ma'aikata ta hagu ; za ta ci gaba da rike wannan kujera har zuwa Disamba 2023. [1]

## Manazarta
Zoulikha

**Hassina Louadj** (6 Disamba 1957 - 15 Nuwamba 1994), wanda aka fi sani da **Zoulikha**, mawaƙiya ce ta Aljeriya ta kiɗa na Chaoui da ta shahara a cikin shekarun 1970s.

Kamar mawaƙa Teldja, mai aiki a wannan lokacin, ta farfado da waƙoƙin gargajiya na Berber don sabon ƙarni.

## Manazarta
Zahia Benarous

**Zahia Benarous** (an haife ta 10 Yuni 1958) 'yar jaridar Aljeriya ce kuma 'yar siyasa. Ta kasance mai gabatarwa a kan Labaran Talabijin na 8pm na Jama'a, an zabe ta a matsayin memba na Majalisar Aljeriya a shekarar 1997 sannan aka nada ta zuwa wa'adi biyu a matsayin sanata na majalisar dattijai ta Aljeriya.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Benarous a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1958 a M'Sila, Algeria. Ta yi karatu a Makarantar Firamare ta Jugurtha da kuma Cibiyar Omar Rasem da ke Algiers. Daga nan ta yi karatun digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar zamantakewa a Jami'ar Algiers 1. [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed]

Benarous ta yi aiki a matsayin mai gabatar da talabijin a Cibiyar Harkokin Jama'a ta Labaran 8pm daga 1988, [1] kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta gabatar da Larabci. [2] A cikin 2017, Benarous ya ba da shawarar cewa shugaban Libya Muammar al-Qaddafi ya ba ta aure a cikin 1995 bayan sun gan ta a talabijin, duk da yadda ba su hadu ba.[3][4]

An zabi Benarous a matsayin memba na Majalisar dokokin Aljeriya a shekarar 1997 a matsayin memba ne na jam'iyyar Democratic National Rally (NDA) ta tsakiya. An nada ta a matsayin Sakatariyar Al'adu, a gwamnatin Ahmed Ouyahia ta biyu a watan Yunin shekara ta 1997.   Ta yi aiki har zuwa 1999,  sannan Shugaba Abdelaziz Bouteflika ya nada ta a matsayin sanata na majalisar dattijai ta Aljeriya (wanda aka sani da Conseil de la Nation). 

A shekara ta 2006, an zabi Benarous a cikin Kwamitin Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) kan 'Yancin Dan Adam na' yan majalisa.

A cikin 2021, Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Aljeriya (ANIE) ta ki amincewa da takarar Benarous don jam'iyyar El Houkm Errached (Gwamnatin Mai Hikima) saboda ta saba wa sabuwar dokar zaɓe (Mataki na 200) wacce ta haramta takarar ga mutanen da suka riga sun yi aiki sau biyu a jere ko kuma wadanda ba a jere ba.  

## Manazarta
Moon Myung-soon

**Moon Myung-soon** ( Korean   ; 18 Oktoba 1962), wanda kuma aka sani da **Moon Myoung-soon**, ɗan siyasa ne na Koriya ta Kudu da ke zaune a Goyang .

## Sana'a
Bayan kammala karatun sakandaren kasuwanci na 'yan mata a Seoul, Moon ta yi aiki a Kookmin Bank tsawon shekaru talatin.  Daga 2008 zuwa 2011 ta jagoranci babbar ƙungiyar ƙwadago ta Tarayyar Ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago ta Koriya, ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta ƙasa a fannin kuɗi ( Korean  ),  a matsayin babban mataimakin shugabanta.  Moon yana da digiri uku - digiri na farko a fannin gudanar da kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Buɗewa ta Koriya ta Ƙasa, digiri na LLM daga Jami'ar Kyung Hee da digiri na biyu a fannin tattalin arziki daga Jami'ar Sogang . 

A zaɓen 2012, an sanya Moon a lamba ta 23 a cikin jerin wakilan da jam'iyyarta ta samu amma ba a zaɓe ta ba.  A zaɓen 2020, Moon ta tsaya takarar mazabar Goyang  wanda Sim Sang-jung ya wakilta daga 2012. Duk da cewa sun yi nasara a zaɓen jin ra'ayin jama'a, Moon ta sha kaye a hannun Sim  wanda, a cewar Moon, bai yi wa mazabar komai ba sai dai kasancewarsa mai magana da yawun jama'a kuma ba zai goyi bayan sa gwamnatin Moon Jae-in ta yi nasara ba. 

Moon ta taɓa yin aiki a kamfen ɗin shugaban ƙasa na Moon Jae-in a matsayin shugabar kwamiti na musamman kan Tattalin Arzikin Kuɗi a 2012 da kuma Kare Masu Amfani da Kuɗi a 2017. Yanzu ita ce mai ba da shawara ga cibiyoyin kuɗi na gwamnati - Korea Deposit Insurance Corporation da Korea Inclusive Finance Agency - kuma memba na musamman na Kwamitin Shugaban Ƙasa don Daidaita Ci Gaban Ƙasa. An san ta da kyau ga membobin jam'iyya saboda gaishe da tsohon shugaban jam'iyyar Moon Jae-in a Filin Jirgin Sama na Incheon da kanta lokacin da ya dawo daga Himalayas a 2016. [1]

Daga shekarar 2019, Moon ya yi aiki a matsayin daya daga cikin mataimakan shugabanni na Kwamitin Tsare-tsare na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma memba na kwamitin daidaita harkokin kudi na kwamitin COVID-19 . 

## Tarihin zaɓe

## Manazarta
Marsinah

**Marsinah** (10 Afrilu 1969 -  8 Mayu 1993) ɗan ƙungiyar kwadago ne mai zaman kanta wanda ke aiki a masana'antar agogo a Gabashin Java, Indonesia, wanda kisansa ya jawo hankalin duniya game da danne ma'aikata da mulkin kama karya na Suharto ke yi.

Marsinah tana aiki a matsayin mai shiga tsakani ga ma'aikata 500 da ke zanga -zangar adawa da gazawar ma'aikatansu na aiwatar da mafi ƙarancin albashi da kuma 'yancin cin gashin kan ƙungiyar ma'aikata. A ranar 5 ga Mayu, an sace ta bayan zanga-zanga; an gano gawarta da aka yanke kwanaki huɗu bayan haka.  Ana kyautata zaton sojoji ne suka yi sanadiyyar ɓacewarta da kuma mutuwarta daga baya. 

## Rayuwa ta farko
Marsinah, 'ya ta biyu ga Sumini da Mastin, ta girma a ƙarƙashin kulawar kakarta, Puirah, da innarta Sini, a Nglundo, Gabashin Java . Ta yi makaranta a Makarantar Firamare ta Jiha 189 a Karangasem, daga baya ta yi Makarantar Sakandare ta Jiha 5 a Nganjuk. Shekarunta na ƙuruciya sun kasance suna kasuwanci, suna sayar da kayan ciye-ciye don ƙara wa kakarta da innarta kuɗin shiga. Shekarun ƙarshe na makarantar Marsinah an yi ta ne a Makarantar Koyon Yara ta Muhammadiyah, an hana ta ci gaban karatunta saboda rashin kuɗi.

## Ma'aikacin masana'anta
Ba tare da samun aiki a Nglundo ba, Marsinah ta mayar da hankalinta ga manyan biranen, ta aika da takardun neman aiki zuwa Surabaya, Mojokerto da Gresik . An ɗauke ta aiki a masana'antar su ta Surabaya a shekarar 1989, kuma shekara guda bayan haka ta koma masana'antar agogon Catur Putra Surya (wadda a da Empat Putra Surya) a Sidoarjo . Bayan buɗe ta, Marsinah ta koma aiki a gefen masana'antar su ta Porong, daga ƙarshe ta sami kanta a matsayin mai magana da yawun abokan aikinta.

## Mai fafutukar ƙwadago
A shekarar 1993, lokacin da Gwamnan Gabashin Java ya sanar da karin albashi mafi karanci a lardin, Catur Putra Surya (kamfanin da ke da alaƙa da rundunar soji da masana'antu ta Indonesiya) ya ƙi bin ƙa'ida. A ranar 3-4 ga Mayu, ma'aikata sun shiga yajin aiki suna neman a aiwatar da mafi karancin albashi kuma a wargaza sashen ƙungiyar da ke ƙarƙashin ikon gwamnati, SPSI.  Marsinah ta je Ma'aikatar Aiki ta Indonesiya don ɗaukar kwafin umarnin gwamna don isar wa shugabannin CPS.

## Kisan kai

A ranar 5 ga Mayu, Rundunar Soja ta Gundumar Sidoarjo ta kira ma'aikata 13 zuwa hedikwatarta ta kuma tilasta musu sanya hannu kan wasiƙun murabus, tare da ƙarin takwas a cikin kwanaki biyu masu zuwa. Cikin fushi da wannan sauyi na lamarin, Marsinah ta yanke shawarar zuwa can da kanta ta nemi bayani a wannan rana. Ba a sake ganinta da rai ba.  An yi mata fyade aka kuma azabtar da ita. An gano gawarta da aka yanke bayan 'yan kwanaki kaɗan daga masana'antar. 

## Manazarta
Simone Saint-Dénis

**Simone Saint-Dénis** (1934  2008) shugabar ƙungiyar ƙwadago ce daga ƙasar Gabon, wadda ta taka rawa sosai a siyasa a zamanin bayan samun 'yancin kai.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Saint-Dénis a Libreville a shekarar 1934, ga iyayenta daga ƙabilar Mpongwe .  Mahaifinta Mathurin Anghiley ne, ɗan siyasa; asalin mahaifiyarta ba a rubuta shi ba.  Mahaifinta ya ɗauki sunan Saint-Dénis bayan ya gano cewa mahaifinta na haihuwa ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa ne ɗan ƙasar Denmark, maimakon mijin mahaifiyarsa.  Mahaifinta ya yi aiki a rundunar sojojin Faransa kuma iyalin suna cin giya da burodi a yawancin abinci. 

A shekarar 1948, Saint-Dénis ta kammala karatun sakandare a wata makarantar mishan ta Katolika, nan take ta yi aure da Balé - wani ma'aikacin sansanin katako.  A sabuwar makarantar, mahaifinta ya tilasta mata fita daga gida, auren ya ƙare kuma Balé ya daina; daga nan sai Saint-Dénis ta koma tare da mahaifiyarta.  Akwai ƙarancin ayyukan yi ga mata masu ilimi a Libreville bayan yaƙi, don haka Saint-Dénis ta yanke shawarar horar da malamar makaranta.  A shekarar 1950 ta fara koyarwa a makarantar mishan ta Katolika zuwa Donguila, wani ƙauye a lardin Estuaire mai nisa, inda yawancin yaran ke yaren Fang . 

## Ƙungiyar ƙwadago
Rashin kyawun albashin malamai ya fara jawo hankalin Saint-Dénis ya shiga cikin ƙungiyar kwadago ta hanyar ƙungiyar Confédération Française des Travailleurs Chrétiens (CFTC).  Ta hanyar fafutukar Saint-Dénis, CFTC ta yi shawarwari kan ƙarin albashi ga malamai a makarantun Katolika a shekarun 1950.  Aikinta da CFTC ya ci gaba bayan samun 'yancin kan Gabon kuma daga 1960-67 ta wakilci ƙungiyoyin kwadago na Gabon a tarurruka daban-daban na ƙasashen duniya, tana tafiya zuwa Copenhagen, Rome, da Bucharest.  Duk da haka bayan wani yunƙurin juyin mulki na soja a 1964, gwamnatin Gabon a ƙarƙashin Léon M'ba ta yi ƙoƙarin ƙara iko kan ƙungiyoyin kwadago.  Magajinsa Oumar Bongo Ondimba ya ƙarfafa iko, inda ya bar ƙaramin sarari ga ƙungiyoyin kwadago da wakilansu kamar Saint-Dénis. 

A shekarun 1970, jam'iyyar Parti Democratic Gabonais (PDG) ta tilasta wa Saint-Dénis ta karɓi aiki a gare su don shirya tarukan kiɗa, inda ƙungiyoyin mata da ke wakiltar bambancin Gabon suka yi waƙa da rawa don nuna goyon baya ga PDG. [1] Duk da haka ta ci gaba da shiga cikin ƙungiyar kwadago kuma a shekarar 1976 aka zaɓe ta a matsayin Sakatare na Haɗin gwiwa na Fédération Syndicale Gabonaise (FESYGA) tare da Owondault Berre; a shekarar 1980 aka zaɓe ta a matsayin Sakatare. [2]

## Manazarta
George Soros

**George Soros**  (an haife shi **György Schwartz** ; 12 ga Agusta, 1930)   ɗan ƙasar Hungary  zuba jari kuma mai taimakon jama'a.    , yana da dukiyar da ta kai dala biliyan 7.2 na Amurka,   bayan ya bayar da fiye da dala biliyan 32 ga Gidauniyar Open Society,  wanda aka riga aka raba dala biliyan 15, wanda ke wakiltar kashi 64% na dukiyarsa ta asali. A shekarar 2020, *Forbes* ta kira Soros "mai bayarwa mafi karimci" dangane da kaso na dukiyar. 

An haife Soros a Budapest ga dangin Yahudawa marasa kulawa, kuma ya tsira daga mamayar Nazi a Hungary kuma ya koma Burtaniya a 1947. Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London kuma an ba shi digiri na farko a fannin falsafa a 1951, sannan digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyya, wanda kuma a fannin falsafa, a 1954.    Soros ya fara aikinsa yana aiki a bankunan kasuwanci na Birtaniya da Amurka, kafin ya kafa asusunsa na farko, Double Eagle, a 1969.  Ribar da aka samu daga wannan asusun ta samar da kudin iri ga Soros Fund Management, asusunsa na biyu a 1970. An sake masa suna Double Eagle Asusun Quantum kuma shine babban kamfanin da Soros ya ba da shawara. A lokacin da aka kafa shi, Asusun Quantum yana da kadarori na dala miliyan 12 a karkashin gudanarwa, kuma   tana da dala biliyan 25, mafi yawan dukiyar Soros gaba ɗaya. 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi György Schwartz a ranar 12 ga watan Agusta 1930 a Budapest a cikin Masarautar Hungary ga dangin Yahudawa masu arziki da ba su da kiyayewa. Soros ya bayyana gidansa a matsayin Masu adawa da Yahudawa. Iyalin mahaifiyarsa Erzsébet (wanda aka fi sani da Elizabeth) suna gudanar da kantin siliki mai cin nasara. Mahaifinsa Tivadar (wanda aka fi sani da Teodoro Ŝvarc) lauya ne kuma sanannen marubucin Esperanto wanda ya shirya mujallar adabi ta Esperanto Literatura Mondo kuma ya tayar da ɗansa ya yi magana da yaren. Tivadar ya kasance fursuna ne a lokacin da kuma bayan yakin duniya na har sai da ya tsere daga Rasha kuma ya koma iyalinsa a Budapest.  

Iyayen ** sun yi aure a 1924. A cikin 1936, dangin Soros sun canza sunansu daga Jamusanci-Yahudawa "Schwartz" zuwa "Soros", a matsayin kariya a cikin Hungary mai adawa da Yahudawa. Tivadar yana son sabon sunan saboda palindrome ne kuma saboda ma'anarsa. A cikin harshen Hungary, soros yana nufin "na gaba"; a cikin Esperanto yana nufin "zai tashi".  

## Manazarta
Gladys Lanza

**Gladys Lanza** (1942 - 17 Satumba 2016) ƙwararriyar mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ce daga Honduras . 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Lanza a Tegucigalpa, Honduras, a shekarar 1942.

### Ƙungiyar ƙwadago
Fafutukar siyasa ta Lanza ta fara ne a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar kwadago ta Honduras. [1] A shekarun 1990, Lanza ita ce shugabar ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta Kamfanin Wutar Lantarki na Ƙasa (STENEE), a lokacin da ta jagoranci fafutukar da ƙungiyar ke yi na mallakar kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. [1] A da, Lanza ta kasance mataimakiyar shugabar ƙungiyar kwadago ta tsakiya ta Honduras kuma sakatariya ga ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta Honduras. [1] Ta kuma kasance mai himma a jam'iyyar kwaminis. [2]

Gwamnatin Honduras ta tsare ta a fursunan siyasa a shekarun 1980 bisa ga shaidar karya.  An lissafa sunanta a matsayin wanda 'yan adawa na soja ke kai hari a kansa, kuma a shekarar 1991 an lalata gidanta da bam. 

### Tsarin mata
Lanza ta shiga *Movimiento de Mujeres por la Paz* ( Kwamitin Zaman Lafiya na Mata na Honduras "Visitación Padilla" ), wanda ya ƙunshi mata daga Honduras waɗanda ke fafutukar daidaiton jinsi, suna aiki a kan cin zarafin mata da kuma tallafawa shigar mata cikin rayuwar jama'a.  Tun daga farkonta a 1984, ta zama Sakatare.   An kafa ta ne don girmama mata masu fafutukar kare hakkin mata na Honduras Visitación Padilla .  Ƙungiyar tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin mata da dama na Honduras waɗanda suka yi adawa da juyin mulkin 2009.  Ta kasance mai himma a cikin Dandalin Mata masu yaƙi da Fama da Mata, wanda gwamnatin Burtaniya ta tallafa masa.  A shekarar 2010, Kotun Haƙƙin Bil Adama ta Tsakiyar Amurka ta umarci gwamnatin Honduras da ta ba da garantin kariyar Lanza, saboda ci gaba da tsanantawa.  

## Manazarta
Elizabeth Orr

**Elizabeth Welch Orr** CNZM (29 Oktoba 1929 - 22 Afrilu 2021, née Entrican) malamar New Zealand ce kuma tsohuwar shugabar Jami'ar Victoria ta Wellington . Orr kuma shugabar ƙungiyar ƙwadago ce kuma mai fafutukar daidaita albashi . 

## Rayuwa
Orr 'yar injiniyan gine-gine ce kuma mai kula da gandun daji Pat Entrican . Ta halarci Kwalejin Samuel Marsden tsakanin 1936 da 1942, da kuma Diocesan Nga Tawa tsakanin 1944 da 1946. [1] Orr ta kammala karatun digirinta na farko a fannin Fasaha a Turanci da Faransanci a Jami'ar Victoria ta Wellington a 1951. Bayan kammala karatun digirinta na biyu a fannin Turanci tare da Daraja ta Farko a 1954, [2] ta ci gaba da aiki a Jami'ar a fannin Turanci a matsayin malami da kuma malami. [3]

## Aikin gudanarwa na jami'a
Tsakanin 1967 - 1980 Orr ita ce mace ta farko da ta yi aiki a matsayin Sakatare Mai Gudanarwa na Ƙungiyar Malaman Jami'a.  Orr ta zama memba na Majalisar Jami'ar Victoria ta Wellington a 1986, kuma ta ci gaba da zama Shugabar Jami'a a 1990. Tsakanin 1991 da 1995 ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Jami'ar - mace ta farko da ta yi hakan. 

## Aikin hannun jari
Orr ta ba da gudummawa ga kafa Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Ƙasa don Aikin Mata, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin shugaba tsakanin 1971 da 1979, tana fafutukar kare Dokar Daidaiton Albashi a 1972.  Orr ta kasance mamba a Kotun Daidaiton Dama, kuma tsakanin 1975 da 1978 ta yi aiki a Kwamitin Daidaiton Albashi. Bugu da ƙari, Orr ta ba da gudummawa ga hujjojin shari'a na shari'ar daidaiton albashi ta 2014 Terranova Homes &amp;amp; Care Limited v Service and Food Workers Union Nga Ringa Tota Incorporated . 

## Manazarta
Juana Rouco Buela

**Juana Rouco Buela** ( Madrid, 1889 – Buenos Aires, 1969) ta kasance mai wanki da wanki daga Spain-Argentina, mai shirya zanga-zangar adawa da mata, mai magana da yawun jama'a, kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata a siyasance. Ta himmatu wajen 'yantar da mata kuma ta kasance babbar jigo a cikin tsarin gurguzu na Argentina.  Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu fafutukar kare hakkin mata na Argentina kuma ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu magana da yawun jama'a. Ta kuma gudanar da wani rumfar littattafai, tana sayar da ƙasidu da adabi da suka shafi gurguzu, rashin tsari da sauran ayyuka kan tattalin arzikin siyasa da sauran tambayoyi da ke da sha'awar ma'aikata na Buenos Aires. 

An haife Rouco Buela a cikin iyali mai aiki, ta yi ƙaura zuwa Argentina tana da shekaru 11, kuma ta koya wa kanta yadda ake karatu da rubutu. Ta halarci taron ranar Mayu ta 1904. A shekarar 1907, ta kafa Centro Femenino Anarquista tare da Virginia Bolten, Teresa Caporaletti, Elisa Leotar, María Reyes, Violeta Garcia, Marta Newelstein, da Maria Collazo . [1] A wannan shekarar, an mayar da ita Spain; [1] a can ta haɗu da Federica Montseny, wacce ta yi tasiri sosai kan Rouco Buela. Tana da aƙalla ɗa ɗaya, 'ya mace, Poema, an haife ta a watan Disamba na 1923. [1] A shekarar 1964 ta rubuta tarihin rayuwarta mai suna Historia de un ideal . Rouco Buela ta mutu a ranar 31 ga Oktoba, 1969 sakamakon raunukan da ta samu bayan wata babbar mota ta buge ta watanni da dama da suka gabata. [1]

## Manazarta
Ivonne da ta wuce

**Ivonne Passada Leoncini** (4 ga Afrilu 1956 - 11 ga Maris 2023) farfesa ce 'yar ƙasar Uruguay kuma 'yar siyasa wacce ke cikin ƙungiyar Broad Front . Daga ranar 3 ga Maris 2015, ta yi aiki a matsayin sanata wanda ya maye gurbin Eduardo Bonomi, wanda aka amince da shi a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida na gwamnatin Broad Front da aka naɗa a ranar 1 ga Maris.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Ivonne Passada a Montevideo a ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 1956. Ta kammala karatunta na firamare da sakandare a Colegio Clara Jackson de Heber. Daga nan ta shiga Faculty of Law (University of the Republic) [es] na Jami'ar Jamhuriyar . Duk da haka, ta kammala karatun ilimin zamantakewa a Cibiyar Kimiyyar Zamani ta jami'ar, sannan ta ɗauki darussan tsaro na masana'antu a Universidad del Trabajo del Uruguay [es] (UTU). Tun daga shekarar 1984, ta yi aiki a matsayin farfesa a UTU, kuma a matsayin malamar kula da tsaron masana'antu, ayyukan da ta yi har zuwa 2004.

## Ayyukan siyasa
Passada wani mai fafutukar kare muhalli ne a kwamitocin unguwa da ci gaba na yankin Malvín Norte .

Daga shekarar 1984 ta kasance cikin masu fafutukar sake gina ƙungiyoyin ilimi da kuma PIT-CNT ; tana cikin shugabannin Ƙungiyar Jami'an UTU (AFUTU) daga 1985 zuwa 2002.  Daga 2002 zuwa 2004 ta kasance memba na PIT-CNT da Sakatariyar ta, kasancewarta ɗaya daga cikin masu gudanarwa.

Passada ta fara aikinta na soja a cikin ƙungiyar 'Yantar da Jama'a ta Tupamaros a shekarar 1985, kuma a shekarar 2002 ta shiga ƙungiyar National Directorate of the Movement of Popular Participation (MPP), wani ɓangaren siyasa na Broad Front.

A zaɓen ƙasa na ranar 31 ga Oktoba, 2004, an zaɓi Ivonne Passada a matsayin mataimakiyar mataimakiya . Ta karɓi muƙamin mataimakiya a ranar 1 ga Maris, 2005, lokacin da Eduardo Bonomi, wanda Passada ta maye gurbinsa, ya zama shugaban Ma'aikatar Aiki da Harkokin Jama'a . Tun daga lokacin ta kasance memba na Hukumar Dokokin Aiki da Kwamitin Musamman kan Jinsi da Adalci na Majalisar Wakilai. A shekara ta 2006 aka zaɓe ta mataimakiyar shugabar Hukumar Dokokin Aiki, kuma a shekara ta 2007 aka zaɓe ta shugabar hukumar.

## Manazarta
Ida Vihuri

**Ida Johanna Vihuri** (an haife ta **a Hildén**, 18 ga Agusta 1882 - 7 ga Satumba 1929) 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Finland. Ta kasance 'yar Majalisar Dokokin Finland daga 1922 zuwa 1929 ga Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ta Finland .

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Vihuri a cikin dangin manoma a Lempäälä . Tun tana da shekaru 13 tana aiki a masana'antar auduga ta Finlayson da ke Tampere . Bayan yajin aikin gama gari na 1905, Vihuri ta shiga reshen ƙungiyar ƙwadago ta gida kuma ta zama babban mai fafutukar neman ƙwadago na masana'antar Finlayson. 

A lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Finland na 1918, Vihuri ta yi aiki a gwamnatin Ja . An kama Vuhuri bayan Yaƙin Tampere kuma an yanke mata hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai, amma an yafe mata a 1920.  A zaɓen 'yan majalisa na 1922, an zaɓi Vuhuri a Majalisar Dokokin Finland. 

Vihuri ta mutu a ranar 7 ga Satumba, 1929 a kan hanyarta ta zuwa wani taron liyafa a Kuru yayin da jirgin ruwan SS Kuru ya nutse a tafkin Näsijärvi . [1] Tare da akalla mutane 136 da suka nutse, nutsewar ta kasance mummunan bala'in jirgin ruwa na cikin gida na ƙasar Finland. An binne Vihuri a Makabartar Kalevankangas . [2]

## Iyali
'Yar'uwar Ida Vihuri ita ce 'yar siyasa Kaisa Hiilelä wadda ta kasance 'yar majalisar dokoki a tsakanin 1930 zuwa 1958. Ɗan uwansu shi ne Ministan Ilimi Reino Oittinen . 

## Manazarta
Delia Zamudio

**Delia Rosa Zamudio Palacios** (20 ga Yuni 1943 - 28 ga Satumba 2024) ta kasance mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata 'yan Afirka ta Tsakiya . Ita ce mace ta farko da ta zama shugabar Babban Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Peru ( Spanish   Ta yi aiki tun daga shekarun 1970 don inganta haƙƙin ɗan adam da na jama'a na 'yan Afirka ta Tsakiya da mata masu aiki. A matsayinta na wacce ta kafa *Casa de Refugio San Juan de Lurigancho,* ta yi aiki don taimaka wa waɗanda abin ya shafa sakamakon cin zarafin gida da na jima'i. Ma'aikatar Al'adu ta karrama ta saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga lambar yabo ta girmamawa ta Mutum Mai Daraja na Al'adu a shekarar 2014.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Delia Rosa Zamudio Palacios a shekarar 1943, a kan hacienda "Hoja Redonda" a lardin Chincha na Peru zuwa Victoria Palacios da Grimaldo Zamudio. A shekarun 1950, mahaifiyarta ta yi ƙaura tare da 'ya'yanta zuwa La Victoria District na Lima don neman aiki. Bayan kammala aji uku, Zamudio ta daina zuwa makaranta don kula da ƙannenta don ba wa mahaifiyarta damar yin aiki. Tana da shekaru 12, ta fara aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar gida kuma bayan shekaru uku ta fara aiki a Libertad Canning Factory a gundumar Rímac . A lokaci guda yayin da take aiki da rana, Zamudio ta koma makaranta ta kammala karatunta na firamare. A shekarar 1966, an ɗauke ta aiki a wata masana'antar magunguna kuma ta shiga ƙungiyar. Cikin shekaru uku, an zaɓe ta a matsayin sakatariyar taimakon zamantakewa ta ƙungiyar masana'antar. Ta ci gaba da karatunta na dare, Zamudio ta kammala karatun sakandare a Escuela María Parado de Bellido da ke Rímac a shekarar 1971. [1]

## Ƙungiyoyin fafutuka
Gwagwarmayar Zamudio don neman iliminta da kuma samun albashi mai kyau, a matsayinta na mace baƙar fata talaka a cikin al'adun Latino da suka fi yawa, ta sa ta shiga fafutuka.  A shekarar 1970, ta zama wakiliyar "Ƙungiyar Dakunan Gwaje-gwaje, Shagunan Magunguna da Abokan Hulɗa" kuma ta fara shiga cikin tarurrukan jama'a. Ta fito fili ta soki gwamnatin soja ta Shugaba Juan Velasco Alvarado, ta halarci taron Al'ummomin Masana'antu na 1974 don nuna rashin amincewa da gwamnati. Ta zama memba na Jam'iyyar Masu Juyin Juya Hali (RWP), a shekarar 1975, aka zaɓe ta a matsayin sakatare-janar na Babban Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Peru ( Spanish   Zaɓenta shi ne karo na farko da mace ko 'yar Afirka ta Peru ta jagoranci wata ƙungiyar kasuwanci a Peru.   CGTP ƙungiya ce mai laima ta ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata a Peru kuma a lokacin da take kan mulki har zuwa 1980 a matsayin shugabar ƙungiyar, Zamudio ta yi fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata ma'aikata. A shekarar 1977, ƙungiyar ta gudanar da zanga-zangar neman haƙƙin zamantakewa da siyasa kuma Zamudio tana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda ke da hannu a yajin aikin ƙasa. RWP ta zaɓe ta a matsayin 'yar takara ta wucin gadi a Majalisar Dokokin 1978, amma sakamakon fafutukarta, an maye gurbinta da wani ɗan takara kuma ta rasa aikinta. 

## Manazarta
Esther Valdés de Díaz

**Esther Valdés** ( f. 1897–1908), wacce aka fi sani da **Esther Valdés de Díaz**, shugabar ƙungiyar kwadago ce ta Kudancin Amurka, mawallafi, edita kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata . Ita ce ta kafa *La Palanca*, wata jarida mai zaman kanta da aka buga a Santiago, Chile a 1908. Ba a san ranar haihuwa da mutuwarta ba.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Valdés ya yi aiki a matsayin mai dinki tun daga shekarar 1897 yana yin kayan sawa a wani shagon sayar da tufafi a Santiago .   

A shekarar 1905, ta fara taimaka wa ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata da cibiyoyi, kuma ta fara zama shugabar ƙungiyar Seamstresses.  Ta buƙaci a tsara lokutan aiki, a kawo ƙarshen aikin dare, a hutun Lahadi, da kuma albashi mai kyau. Faɗarta ta yi ne don inganta albashi da kuma samun inshorar lafiya ko rashin aikin yi ga ma'aikata da kuma yin Allah wadai da lokutan aiki na yau da kullun na awanni 14 a rana, kwana bakwai na mako.  

Ba da daɗewa ba aka naɗa ta shugabar ƙungiyar masu dinki "Kariya, Tanadin Kuɗi da Tsaro," wadda ta yi zamanta na farko a ranar 1 ga Yuni, 1906, inda ta yi rijistar ɗaruruwan membobi. An ce game da ita cewa "wata mace ce mai mutunci da wayewa (...) ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masana da ake girmama ajin ma'aikata."  

Valdés ta kuma shiga cikin ƙungiyar editocin jaridar La Alborada ( da Turanci: The Dawn), wadda ƙawarta Carmela Jeria ta kafa, wadda aka buga tsakanin Nuwamba 1904 da Agusta 1906 a Valparaíso, Chile, da kuma daga Nuwamba 1906 zuwa Mayu 1907 a Santiago. Bugawa ta ƙare jim kaɗan bayan da Jeria ta yi jawabi ga taron ranar Mayu na mutane 40,000, wanda a bayyane yake ya sa ta rasa aikinta na mai buga rubutu kuma ta fuskanci bala'o'i da dama na sirri (duk an rubuta su ne ta Valdés a cikin editan ta na farko a 1908). [1] [2] [3]

## Manazarta