Josef Dobrovský

**Josef Dobrovský** ( ah haife 17 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1753 - 6 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1829) masanin ilimin Czech ne kuma masanin tarihi, daya daga cikin manyan mutane na Czech National Revival tare da Josef Jungmann .

## Rayuwa da aiki
Dobrovský was born at Balassagyarmat, Nógrád County, in the Kingdom of Hungary, when his father Jakub Doubravský (1701, Solnice – 1764, Horšovský Týn) was temporarily stationed as a soldier there. His mother was Magdalena Dobrovská (1733, Čáslav – 1797).

Ya sami karatunsa na farko a makarantar Jamusanci a Horšovský Týn, ya fara sanin yaren Czech kuma nan da nan ya zama mai iya magana da shi a dakin motsa jiki na Německý Brod, sannan ya yi karatu na ɗan lokaci a ƙarƙashin Jesuits a Klatovy. A shekara ta 1769 ya fara karatun falsafar a Jami'ar Prague . A shekara ta 1772 an shigar da shi cikin Jesuits a Brno kuma yana shirin aikin Kirista a Indiya. Koyaya, an rushe dukan tsari a cikin ƙasashen Czech a cikin 1773 kuma Dobrovský ya koma Prague don nazarin tauhidin.

Bayan ya rike mukamin mai koyarwa ga Count Nostitz na ɗan lokaci, ya sami nadin farko a matsayin mataimakin shugaban, sannan kuma a matsayin shugaban, a cikin babban seminary a Hradisko (yanzu wani ɓangare na Olomouc); amma a cikin 1790 ya rasa mukaminsa ta hanyar kawar da seminaries a duk faɗin Daular Habsburg, kuma ya dawo a matsayin baƙo zuwa gidan count. A wannan lokacin, ya rubuta wasu daga cikin muhimman ayyuka a cikin karatun Slavic, Tarihin tarihi da ilimin harshe.

A shekara ta 1792 Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Bohemian ta ba shi izinin ziyartar Stockholm, Turku, Saint Petersburg da Moscow don neman rubuce-rubucen da Yaƙin Shekaru talatin ya warwatse, kuma a lokacin da ya dawo ya bi Count Nostitz zuwa Switzerland da Italiya. 

A cikin shekarun 1780 Dobrovský ya shiga cikin rayuwar ilimi ta Prague. A shekara ta 1784, ya taimaka wajen kafa Royal Czech Society of Sciences, kuma a cikin 1818 Gidan Tarihi na Kasa na abin da zai zama Czechoslovakia kuma a ƙarshe Jamhuriyar Czech.

Koyaya, dalilinsa ya fara raguwa a cikin shekara ta 1795, kuma a cikin 1801 dole ne a tsare shi a cikin mafaka, amma a shekara ta 1803 ya warke gaba ɗaya. Sauran rayuwarsa galibi ya kasance a Prague ko a kujerun abokansa Counts Nostitz da Czernin, amma mutuwarsa ta faru ne a Brno, inda ya tafi a 1828 don karatu a cikin ɗakunan karatu na gida.

## Kyauta
Dobrovský ya kasance mutum ne mai daraja a tarihin ilimi na Czechoslovak. Ya kasance batun kuma ga nazarin falsafa, alal misali ta Milan Machovec (a cikin littafinsa na 1964).

Duk da yake shahararsa ta dogara ne akan aikinsa a fannin Ilimin Slavonic, karatunsa na ilimin tsire-tsire ba su da daraja a tarihin kimiyya.

Tsakanin 1948 da 1968 mawallafin Czech Vladimír Holan ya zauna a cikin abin da ake kira "Dobrovský House" a Kampa, sau da yawa yana cewa *Blue Abbe* (sunan laƙabi wanda aka sani da Dobrovský) wani lokacin zai ziyarce shi.

## Ayyuka mafi muhimmanci

* *Fragmentum Pragense evangelii S. Marci, vulgo autographi* (1778) 
* jarida ta lokaci-lokaci don wallafe-wallafen Bohemian da Moravian (1780-1787) 
* *Marubutan rerum Bohemicarum* (2 vols., 1783) 
* Tarihin da aka yi amfani da shi. Sprache da alten Literatur (1792) 
* Ka yi la'akari da Bildsamkeit der slaw. Sprache (1799) 
* a *Deutsch-böhm. * *Wörterbuch* da aka tattara tare da haɗin gwiwar Leschk, Puchmayer da Hanka (1802-1821) 
* *Entwurf kayan aiki Pflanzensystems nach Zahlen und Verhältnissen* (1802) 
* *Glagolitica* (1807) 
* *Lehrgebäude der böhmischen Sprache* (1809) 
* Cibiyoyin linguae slavicae dialecti veteris (1822) 
* *Entwurf zu einem allgemeinen Etymologikon der slaw. Sprachen* (1813) 
* *Slowanka zur Kenntnis der slaw. Littattafai* (1814) 
* wani muhimmin bugu na Jordanes, De rebus Geticis, don *Monumenta Germaniae Historica* na Pertz 

Dubi Palacký, *J. Dobrowskys Leben und gelehrtes Wirken* (1833).

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin masana kimiyya na Jesuit
* Abin tunawa da Josef Dobrovský

## manazarta

## Haɗin waje