Chemical Waste Management, Inc. v. Amurka EPA

**Creating Chemical Waste Management, Inc. v. United States EPA: No. 88-1490** (First Argued Maris 6, 1989 - A ƙarshe An yanke shawarar Satumba 25, 1992) sanannen shari'ar Dokar muhalli ce ta Amurka da ta shafi rahoton da ake buƙata game da keta doka a wuraren gudanarwa tare da bayar da rahoto a lokacin wucin gadi da bayar da rahoton abubuwan da ba a sani ba. Shari'ar ta fara ne lokacin da Chemical Waste Management, Inc ta daukaka kara daga tarar ta daga EPA don haɗarin lafiyar muhalli zuwa kotun Amurka a 1989 kuma ta daukaka karar sau biyu.

## Tarihi
Majalisa ta kafa RCRA a cikin 1976 don samar da shirin tsarin muhalli wanda ya ba da damar shiga cikin cikakke da kuma ƙarin gyare-gyare na ruwa da za a yi musamman a lokacin wucin gadi.

Chemical Waste Management, Inc kamfani ne na zubar da sharar gida wanda ke da alhakin kula da aminci da muhalli na kayan haɗari. A lokacin akwai ka'idojin tsaro na muhalli da yawa da EPA ta tilasta. EPA a lokacin ta buƙaci kungiyoyi da kamfanoni su ba da rahoto kai tsaye ga hukumar game da duk wani rashin aiki ko lalacewar wurare. Bugu da ƙari a cikin 1988 ya kafa abin da ake buƙata cewa wuraren dole ne su ba da rahoton duk wani kayan da ke da ɓarkewa, har ma da abubuwan da ba a tabbatar da su ba, a matsayin kayan haɗari har sai gwajin zai iya ci gaba da rarrabewa, don haka ya kamata a bi da su kamar haka. EPA kuma ta buƙaci bayyana abubuwan da suka ɓace da sabbin haɗari a lokacin ayyukan kayan aiki.

Chemical Waste Management, Inc tana da tsarin tantancewa a kan shafin da aka tsara don gwada duk wani ɓarkewar kayan haɗari. Yana da binciken tsarin kashi biyu, kodayake EPA a lokacin ya ɗaga wannan buƙata zuwa rajista uku. Gudanar da Kasuwancin Chemical ya kasance a cikin wani mataki na wucin gadi inda bai shigar da rajista na uku ba tukuna, amma bai kai ranar da ake buƙata ba tukuna. Masu bincike sun gano cewa wani abu da ba a san shi ba yana fitowa daga wani wurin da ba a bayar da rahoto ba kuma ba a saninsa ba ga Gudanar da Wasannin Chemical. Gudanar da Sharar Chemical ya kasa bayar da rahoton waɗannan binciken binciken na wannan lokacin na wucin gadi ga EPA.  

## Shari'a
A cikin tantance wannan shari'ar, kotun ta kawo tambaya idan EPA ta yi amfani da ƙa'idodinta daidai ga Gudanar da Sharar Chemical. Kotun ta yi imanin cewa Gudanar da Washe na Chemical tabbas yana da laifi saboda rashin bayar da rahoton wuraren da ba su da kyau kamar yadda masu binciken suka lura. Saboda haka aikinta ne su bayar da rahoton keta ka'idojin muhalli. EPA a lokacin yana da takamaiman buƙata cewa duk bayanan da masu binciken suka yi ana buƙatar a kai rahoto ga hukumar kanta koda kuwa bayanan ba su da alaƙa da rashin aiki ko lalacewar wurare. An gano cewa Gudanar da Washe na Chemical ya kasance a cikin halin rashin bin doka da keta doka na kasa da watanni shida.

An fara gabatar da karar ne a kotun Gundumar Amurka kuma ta yanke hukunci a madadin EPA sannan aka tura ta kotun daukaka kara.  

## Shawarwari
Kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa EPA ta yi daidai wajen aiwatar da waɗannan ƙa'idodi a kan Gudanar da Sharar Chemical. Ya kasance mai ma'ana a yi tsammanin kamfanin ya ba da rahoton ɓarkewar wani abu, kodayake ba a dauke shi da haɗari ba. Har ila yau, ya ci gaba da cewa yana da ma'ana a yi tsammanin Gudanar da Sharar Chemical don bayar da rahoton ɓarkewar da ta karya tsarin tantancewa guda biyu kuma ta haka ne suka saba wa tsoffin buƙatu, ba tare da la'akari da cewa yana cikin matakin canji ba.

Kotun ta yanke hukunci a cikin ni'imar EPA, kodayake tarar ta kasance ƙasa da baya a $ 40,000, tunda keta dokar Chemical Waste Management ya kasance ƙarami, ba shi da tasiri sosai, kuma an magance shi yadda ya kamata tun lokacin da aka keta doka.

## Manazarta