Iry-Hor

**Iry-Hor** (ko **Ro**;  fl. c. 3170 BC ) Fir'auna ne na Sama na Masar a cikin karni na 32 BC.  Binciken da aka yi a Abydos a cikin shekara ta 1980s da 1990s    da kuma gano a cikin shekara ta 2012 na wani rubutu na Iry-Hor a Sinai ya tabbatar da wanzuwarsa.  Iry-Hor shine shugaban farko na Masar wanda aka sani da suna kuma a wasu lokuta ana ambatonsa a matsayin mutumin farko na tarihi wanda aka sani da suna. 

## Suna
Iry-Hor's name is written with the Horus falcon hieroglyph (Gardiner sign G5) above a mouth hieroglyph (Gardiner D21). While the modern reading of the name is "Iry-Hor", Flinders Petrie, who discovered and excavated Iry-Hor's tomb at the end of the 19th century, read it "Ro", which was the usual reading of the mouth hieroglyph at the time.

Idan aka yi la’akari da yanayin tsohuwar sunan, fassarar ta kasance mai wahala kuma, in babu mafi kyawun madadin, Ludwig D. Morenz ya ba da shawarar cewa a riƙe fassarar ta zahiri, yana ba da “Bakin Horus”. 
A cikin shekara ta 1990s, Werner Kaiser da Günter Dreyer sun fassara sunan Iry-Hor a matsayin "Sabon Horus". 

Wasu yunƙuri guda biyu na fassarori sun ɗauka cewa Iry-Hor ba sarki ba ne, tun da matsayinsa na sarauta har yanzu yana da cece-kuce a lokacin buga su. Masanin ilimin Masarawa Jürgen von Beckerath da Peter Kaplony sun ba da shawarar cewa sanannun rubuce-rubucen suna magana ne akan wani mutum mai zaman kansa wanda za a karanta sunansa Wer-Ra, *wr-rꜣ* (lit. "Baki mai girma"), watau karanta tsuntsu a sama da alamar bakin kamar mai hadiye hieroglyph G36 maimakon Horus falcon. Sun fassara sunan da "Shugaban Magana" ko "Shugaba".  Toby Wilkinson, la'akari da mutumin da ake tambaya ya kasance *bawan* sarki, ya fassara alamun a matsayin "Dukiyar sarki". 

## Shaida

### Rigima dangane da matsayinsa na zamantakewa
Har zuwa shekara ta 2012, ba a sami sunan Iry-Hor a ciki ko kusa da wani serekh ba, don haka gano Iry-Hor a matsayin sarki yana da rikici. Toby Wilkinson ya ce Iry-Hor ba sarki *ba* ne, bawan sarki ne.  Masanin ilimin Masar Jürgen von Beckerath da Peter Kaplony suma da farko sun ƙi amincewa da Iry-Hor a matsayin sarki kuma sun ba da shawarar cewa sanannun rubutun suna nufin wani mutum mai zaman kansa wanda za a karanta sunansa Wer-Ra, *wr-rꜣ* (lit. "baki mai girma). "), watau karanta tsuntsu a sama da alamar baki a matsayin hadiye hieroglyph G36 maimakon Horus falcon. Sun fassara sunan da "Shugaban Magana" ko "Shugaba". 

Masanin ilimin Masar Flinders Petrie,  Laurel Bestock  da Jochem Kahl  duk da haka sun yi imanin cewa lallai shi mai mulki ne na gaske.

Bayan binciken da aka yi a Abydos da kuma gano wani rubutu na Iry-Hor a cikin Sinai a cikin shekara  ta 2012, yawancin masana Masarautar Masar sun yi watsi da hasashen Wilkinson yanzu kuma an yarda da Iry-Hor a matsayin sarki na farko na Masar.   

### ⁸Ƙaddamarwa
Binciken da Dreyer ya yi a yankin necropolis na Abydos ya nuna cewa Iry-Hor ya kasance da kyau a wurin da abubuwa sama da 27 da ke ɗauke da sunansa kuma kabarinsa na da girman sarauta.  Bugu da ƙari kuma, a cikin shekara ta 2012 an gano wani rubutu da ke ambaton Iry-Hor a cikin Sinai, rubutun da ke ɗauke da wani sashe na tarihi mara komai a hannun dama na sunan Iry-Hor.  Rubutun ya ambaci birnin Memphis, yana mayar da tushe kafin Narmer kuma ya tabbatar da cewa Iry-Hor ya riga ya yi sarauta a kansa. Bayan wannan binciken, yawancin masanan Masar, ciki har da G. Dreyer da wadanda suka gano rubutun, Pierre Tallet da Damien Laisney, yanzu sun yi imanin cewa Iry-Hor sarki ne.  Ci gaba da tono kabarin Iry-Hor a Abydos na Dreyer ya tabbatar da cewa kabarin yana da girma da tsari iri ɗaya kamar na Ka da Narmer kuma dole ne, saboda haka, na wani sarki ne. Sakamakon haka von Beckerath ya karɓi wannan kuma Iry-Hor yanzu shine farkon shigarwa a cikin sabon bugu na von Beckerath's *Handbook na Masarawa Fir'auna* . 

## Reign and attestations

Iry-Hor ya kasance magabacin Ka nan da nan  don haka da zai yi mulki a farkon karni na 32 BC. Wataƙila ya yi sarauta daga Hierakonpolis akan Abydos da yankin Thinite mai faɗi kuma ya mallaki Masar aƙalla a arewa har zuwa Memphis, tun da rubutun dutsen Sinai ya danganta ziyarar Iry-Hor zuwa wannan birni.   Masarautar Masarautar Tallet da Damien Laisney sun ƙara ba da shawarar cewa Iry-Hor kuma yana sarrafa sassan Nilu Delta. 

An binne shi a makabartar Umm el-Qa'ab kusa da Ka, Narmer da sarakunan Daular Farko. Sunan Iry-Hor ya bayyana akan tasoshin yumbu daga kabarinsa a Abydos kuma an sami hatimin yumbu tare da hieroglyphs na *r-Hr* a cikin kabarin Narmer kuma yana iya komawa ga Iry-Hor. Gabaɗaya, aƙalla tulunan tukwane 22 da aka ƙera da sunan Iry-Hor sun kasance a cikin Abydos da kuma aƙalla ɓangarorin rubutun tawada biyar da hatimin silinda.  An kuma sami irin wannan hatimi a arewa mai nisa a cikin kabarin Z 401 na Zawyet el'Aryan a Ƙasar Masar .   Ƙwaƙwalwar igiya da aka samu a Hierakonpolis lokacin da James E. Quibell da Petrie tona a can cikin 1900 na iya nufinsa.  A ƙarshe, gano wani dutsen rubutu na Iry-Hor a cikin Sinai ya zama shaidarsa ta arewa. Rubutun ya nuna sunan Iry-Hor a kan jirgin ruwa, kusa da kalmar *Inebu-hedj* ma'anar "farin bango", tsohon sunan Memphis . 

## Kabarin

Kabarin Iry-Hor shine mafi tsufan kabarin Abydos necropolis B a cikin Umm el-Qa'ab .  Ya ƙunshi ɗakuna biyu na ƙarƙashin ƙasa B1 ( 6 m × 3.5 m ) da B2 ( 4.3 m × 2.45 m ) wanda Petrie ya tono a cikin 1899 kuma daga baya ta Werner Kaiser.   An gano wani ƙarin ɗaki, wanda yanzu ake kira "B0", yayin sake tono kabari na Iry-Hor a cikin 1990s.  Waɗannan ɗakunan suna da girman kama da waɗanda aka samu a cikin kaburburan Ka da Narmer. Babu wani babban tsari, idan da akwai daya, da ya rayu har yau. Chamber B1 ya samar da gutsutsutsun da aka yanka da sunansa.  Chamber B2 ya samar da wani guntun kwalba da aka yanka, alamar hatimi, rubutun tawada da yawa da gutsutsayen jirgin ruwa masu ɗauke da sunayen Ka da Narmer. An kuma gano sassan gadon a wurin. 

## Duba kuma

* Naqada III, kuma ana kiranta daular 0
* Kushim
* Enmebaragesi

## Manazarta

## External links

* A kan daular predynastic 0
* Sarki Iry-Hor
* Iry-Hor
* Kabarin Iry-Hor