Shamsuddeen Usman

**Shamsuddeen Usman**, CON, OFR (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Satumba shekarata 1949 a jihar Kano, Nigeria ) masanin tattalin arziƙin Najeriya ne, ma'aikacin banki kuma ma'aikacin gwamnati. A halin yanzu shi ne Shugaban SUSMAN & Associates, kamfanin tuntuba na tattalin arziki, kuɗi da gudanarwa wanda ke da hedikwata a Najeriya. Ya kuma kasance Ministan Kudi na Najeriya tsakanin watan Yuni shekarata 2007 da watan Janairu shekarata 2009 kuma ya kuma rike mukamin Ministan Tsare -Tsare na kasa daga watan Janairu shekarata 2009 zuwa watan  Satumba  shekarata 2013.  

Ya kuma kasance mai kula da Kulawa da Aiwatar da waɗannan tsare -tsaren Ci Gaban Ƙasa, Asusun Ƙaddamar da Ƙasashen Turai (EDF) Takardar Ƙasashen Ƙasa (CSP) da Shirin Nuna Ƙasa (NIP). A matsayinsa na Ministan Tsare -Tsare na kasa, shi ma yana kula da Ofishin Kididdiga na Kasa, Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Ci Gaban da Cibiyar Nazarin Zamantakewa da Tattalin Arzikin Najeriya (NISER).

Ya wakilci Najeriya a matsayin Gwamna a Hukumar Gudanarwar Bankin Duniya da Asusun Lamuni na Duniya. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Zartarwa ta Tarayya, Majalisar Tattalin Arzikin Kasa da Majalisar Kasa kan mallakar kadarori. 

Shi ne Minista na farko da ya fara bayyana kadarorinsa a bainar jama'a kafin ya fara aiki a matsayin jami'in gwamnati, lamarin da ake ganin alama ce ta nuna gaskiya da rikon amana a kasar da aka santa da yawan cin hanci da rashawa..

## Bayan Fage
An haifi Usman a unguwar Warure Quarters dake jihar Kano. Mahaifinsa, malamin addinin Islama, ya rasu yana ɗan shekara shida. Ya fara karatunsa a makarantar firamare ta Dandago. Bayan halartar makarantar sakandare a babbar Kwalejin Gwamnati Keffi da Kwalejin King, Legas, ya sami BSc. a fannin tattalin arziki daga Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello da ke Zariya, Najeriya. Daga baya ya ci nasarar samun gurbin karatu na kasa don yin karatun MSc. da PhD a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki da Kimiyyar Siyasa ta London tsakanin shekarar 1977 zuwa shekarar 1980. Digirinsa na PhD ya kasance kan "Tallafin Haraji da Zuba Jari a Masana'antar Mai ta Najeriya". A cikin shekaru biyu na farko a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London, ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar koyarwa a aji na ƙarshe a cikin Kudin Jama'a . 

## Farkon aiki
Daga shekarar 1974 zuwa shekarar 1976, Usman ya yi aiki a matsayin Jami’in Tsare -tsare na Ma’aikatar Tsare -Tsare ta Jihar Kano. Ya koyar da Nazarin Tattalin Arziki da Kudin Jama'a a Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello, Jami'ar Bayero Kano da Jami'ar Jos tsakanin shekarar 1976 zuwa shekarar 1981. Ya kasance mai kula da Bankin Raya Masana'antu na Najeriya (NIDB) sannan ya zama Daraktan Kasafin Kudi/Mai Ba da Shawara kan Tattalin Arziki na Gwamnatin Jihar Kano tsakanin shekarar 1981 zuwa shekarar 1983. Daga nan aka naɗa shi Babban Manaja na Bankin NAL Merchant (a halin yanzu Bankin Sterling ). 

## Tasirin Keɓantarwa da Kasuwanci a Tattalin Arzikin Najeriya
Daga shekarar 1989 zuwa shekarar 1991 Usman yayi aiki a matsayin Babban Darakta janar na Kwamitin Fasaha kan Keɓancewa da Sadarwa, wanda yanzu shine Ofishin Kamfanonin Jama'a. Ya kasance da alhakin Phase I na shirin tare da umarni zuwa kyautatuwa da jama'a Enterprises, a matsayin na game da m bangaren na kasa da kasa Asusun bada lamuni -led Tsarin gyara Shirin (SAP), wanda aka fara a shekara ta 1986.

A karkashin kulawar sa, kusan kamfanoni 88 na gwamnati ko dai an cika su ko kuma an raba su ba tare da taimakon fasaha na kasashen waje ba. Shirin ya yi nasarar yayewa gwamnati babban ɗimbin kuɗaɗen kuɗaɗen kuɗaɗen kuɗaɗen tallafa wa kamfanonin gwamnati, ta rage girman ikon sarrafa gwamnati ta hanyar sake fasalin matsayin ma'aikatun da ke sa ido, ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyin masu hannun jari da zurfafa da faɗaɗa Babban Birnin Najeriya. Kasuwa zuwa matsayin kasancewa mafi ci gaba a cikin baƙar fata na Afirka. Babban darajar kasuwar hada -hadar hannayen jari ta Najeriya (NSE) inda aka sayar da hannayen jarin ya karu daga N8.9&nbsp;biliyoyin a shekarar 1987 (kafin mallakar gwamnati) zuwa N65.5&nbsp;biliyan a 1994 (bayan Phase-I). Ba za a iya ƙara jaddada tasirin tasirin hannun jarin da aka saki a kasuwa ba ta hanyar gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci, TCPC ta zama Ofishin Kamfanonin Jama'a (BPE) na yanzu a 1993. 

Mataki na-I na pravatisation gaba ɗaya ya haifar da ingantaccen Ayyuka na kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, wanda hakan ya haifar da haɓaka ƙimar harajin kamfanoni wanda ya hau kan baitul malin ƙasa, tsakanin sauran fa'idodi da yawa. An sayar da hannun jari da kadarori sama da N3.7&nbsp;biliyan kamar yadda aka samu halattacciyar kasuwanci daga cinikin kamfanoni 55 wanda jarin jarinsu na asali bisa ga bayanan Ma'aikatar Inshorar Kuɗi (MOFI) ya kai N652.&nbsp;miliyan. Wannan yana wakiltar kasa da kashi 2% na jimlar darajar jarin Gwamnatin Tarayya kamar a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 1990 wanda ya kai N36&nbsp;biliyan. Siyarwa ta musamman ta faɗaɗa ikon mallakar hannun jari a Najeriya. Ta hanyar rage dogaro da kamfanonin gwamnati ga gwamnati don samun kuɗaɗe, shirin mallakar kamfanoni ya ƙarfafa sabbin saka hannun jari a kamfanoni da sassan da abin ya shafa. Sabuwar ikon cin gashin kai na waɗannan kamfanoni da 'yantar da su daga katsalandan na siyasa a cikin gudanar da ayyukan yau da kullun ya kuma inganta ingancin ayyukan waɗannan kamfanonin da ke ba su damar kasuwanci da ayyukansu, ɗaukar samfuran kasuwancin kamfanoni masu inganci da ingantattun hanyoyin aiki. Raba hannun jarin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ya taimaka matuka wajen bunƙasa bunƙasar Babban Kasuwar Najeriya kuma ya taimaka wajen zurfafa da faɗaɗa shi.

## Banki
An fara farautar Usman don zama babban darakta na Bankin United Bank for Africa mai kula da Bankin Duniya da Zuba Jari a 1992. Wannan ya haɗa da kula da reshen New York kai tsaye. Bayan haka, Union Bank of Nigeria ya nada shi a 1993 a matsayin babban darakta kuma shugaban Bankin Kamfanoni da Banki na Duniya. Lokacinsa a Union Bank bai daɗe ba yayin da NAL Merchant Bank ya ɗauke shi aiki a matsayin manajan darakta da babban jami'i a 1994, mukamin da ya riƙe sama da shekaru biyar. Ya kuma kasance mamba a kwamitin hangen nesa na 2010 . 

A dawowar mulkin dimokradiyya a Najeriya a 1999, an nada shi a matsayin Mataimakin Gwamnan Babban Bankin Najeriya (CBN) mai kula da Manufofin Kudi da Banki na cikin gida, wanda daga baya aka sanya masa suna Kula da Bangaren Kudi. Shi ne kuma ke da alhakin jagorantar Project Eagles, shirin kawo sauyi na CBN, wanda ke da alhakin sauya kungiyar zuwa daya daga cikin cibiyoyi masu inganci, masu inganci da manufa a Najeriya. Daga Janairu 2004 zuwa Yuni 2007 ya kasance Mataimakin Gwamna mai kula da Daraktocin Ayyuka da ke kula da Daraktocin Ayyuka. Daga 2005, ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaba sannan kuma Mataimakin Shugaban Kamfanin Tsaro na Kamfanin Tsaro na Najeriya (NSPMC) wanda aka fi sani da "Mint". A cikin wannan rawar, ya kula da gabatar da bayanan N500 da N1000 da sake tsara Mint ɗin zuwa kamfani mafi riba tare da ingantaccen aiki. 

Ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Kasuwar Hannayen Jari ta Abuja, Bankin Fitar da Shigo da Kayayyaki na Najeriya (NEXIM) da Cibiyar Horar da Cibiyoyin Kudi. Ya kuma kasance memba na Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Najeriya (NES) kuma ya taba zama Shugaban Kungiyar tsakanin 1986 zuwa 1987. Ya kuma kasance mamba a kwamitin hukumar raya tattalin arzikin Afirka da bankin shigo da kaya na Afirka . 

## Aikin minista
An nada Usman a matsayin Ministan Kudin Najeriya daga May 2007 zuwa Janairu 2009. A cikin wannan rawar, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar Gudanar da Tattalin Arziki kuma a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar Ƙasa kan Keɓancewa . Usman ya bullo da wani tsari na kasafin kudi na aiki kuma ya bi sauye-sauyen tattalin arziki daban-daban kamar rage matsakaicin lokacin Share tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Najeriya daga kusan watanni 2 zuwa kusan kwanaki 14 a lokacin mulkinsa; kara girma, amana da ingancin bangaren inshora tare da bin aiwatar da dokar Inshora; sokewa ba bisa ka’ida da rangwame ba wanda ya haifar da zubewar kudaden shiga sama da $ 2&nbsp;biliyan; rage bashin da ake bin Najeriya a waje; da sauƙaƙe cajin kwastam da cajin babban birnin kasuwa ga masu aiki don haɓaka yanayi mai fa'ida kuma mara matsala don saka hannun jari a cikin tattalin arziƙi. 

UA lokutan da shugaban kasa ( Umaru Musa Yar'Adua ) ya gabatar da kasafin kudin gwamnati ga Majalisar kasa, Usman bai ji dadin kyakkyawar dangantaka da wasu 'yan Majalisar Dattawa da na Majalisar kamar su duka ba, a kowane lokaci lokacin shirye -shiryen kasafin kudin, suna matsa lamba don kara kashe kudaden gwamnati ba tare da son Usman ba, musamman yadda Al'umma ke fama da raguwar kudaden shigar mai. Usman ya yi ikirarin dalilin hakan shi ne cewa Tattalin Arzikin Najeriya ba shi da ikon ɗaukar wannan ƙarin kashe kuɗi, idan aka yi la’akari da tushen samun kudaden shiga da kuma don magance hauhawar farashin kaya da rage cin hanci da rashawa da aiwatar da ba daidai ba kamar yadda a cikin Wutar Lantarki a lokacin gwamnatin Obasanjo ; wannan ya kamata a kauce masa. Usman ya dora alhakin karancin aiwatar da kasafin kudin na 2008 wani bangare na jinkirin da Majalisar ta yi wajen amincewa da kasafin, sanarwar da 'yan Majalisar suka nuna rashin jin dadin ta. 

A cikin shirya kasafin 2007 (kasafin kuɗi), 2008 (ƙaddamarwa) da na 2009, Usman ya kuma gabatar da tsarin kasafin kuɗi wanda ya dogara da Tsarin Ci gaban Matsakaici sabanin ɓataccen kasafin kuɗi na shekara wanda ya nuna daidaituwa dangane da tsare -tsaren ci gaban ƙasa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, kamar yadda aka yi aikata a baya.

Hakazalika ga Trevor Manuel, tsohon Ministan Kudi na Afirka ta Kudu, an nada Usman a matsayin minista/mataimakin shugaban kwamitin tsare -tsare na kasa na Najeriya kuma a matsayin shugaban Kwamitin Kula da Najeriya Vision 2020 a cikin Janairu 2009. A cikin wannan rawar, yana da alhakin Tsarin Tattalin Arziki da Ci Gaban Al'umma ta hanyar tsara Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Mulki/Manufa na Zamani, Tsarin Kasa na Tsawon Lokaci ( Nigeria Vision 2020 ) da aiki tare da Ma'aikatar Kudi don saita gaba ɗaya Manufofin kasafin shekara-shekara (Tsarin gajeren lokaci). 

Sanusi Lamido Sanusi ya ambace shi a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan mutanen da suka yi babban tasiri ga tattalin arzikin Najeriya da gudummawar da suka bayar a wannan lokacin zai taimaka wajen rage koma bayan tattalin arzikin da ake ciki a yanzu. 

Ya kasance memba na Kwamitin Shugaban Kasa kan rikicin kuɗi na duniya.

### Ministan tsare -tsare na kasa (Janairu 2009 zuwa Satumba 2013)
A matsayin Ministan tsare -tsare na kasa, Usman: 

* Ya ƙirƙiri daftarin Nigeria Vision 2020 tare da shigar da bayanai daga masu ruwa da tsaki iri -iri (misali Matasa, Jihohi, Mata, Injiniyoyi, Naƙasassu)
* Dabarun Ƙasa don Ci gaban Ƙididdiga wanda shine samar da bayanai don tsara ƙasa
* Ya samar da tsarin kasa wanda za a yi amfani da shi don kimanta ayyukan Ma’aikatu, Sashe da Hukumomi
* Kimanta ajandar mai maki 7 da sauran manufofin gwamnati
* Tsarin aiwatarwa na shekaru huɗu don daftarin Vision 2020
* Tsarin kashe kudi na matsakaicin lokaci wanda aka dora kasafin kasa a kai

## Asusun Dukiyar Najeriya

A shekarun baya kafin shekarar 2008, Najeriya ta ci gajiyar hauhawar farashin man fetur, wanda hakan ya ba gwamnati damar tara kudaden da suka wuce gona da iri da kuma kashe kudaden gwamnati. Duk da haka, Usman ya gano cewa farashin man volatility shirya kai sosai high kasada to girma a Najeriya ta mai dogara da tattalin arziki, da kuma irin tura domin kafa wani sarki dũkiya asusu, wanda zai yi aiki a dogon lokaci ceton gidauniya domin nan gaba da kuma a matsayin asusu na ci gaba don ayyukan zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙi An yi niyyar yin kama da Asusun Fensho na Gwamnati na Norway . A ka’ida, an tara kudaden shiga da suka wuce kima (watau, ainihin kudaden shiga da aka kasa samun kuɗaɗen shiga na kasafin kuɗi) a cikin asusun danyen mai, don hana ɗimbin tattalin arziƙi, kodayake kamar yadda babu wani tsarin doka don gudanar da asusu mai yawa-: Duk da haka kamar yadda babu doka tsari na asusun danyen mai kuma babu wani umarni da za a yi amfani da shi azaman tsararraki masu zuwa, kamar yadda Asusun Arziki Mai Girma ya zama dole don haɓaka inganci a cikin gudanar da ajiyar ƙasar. Ya kafa Kwamitin Fasaha na Shugaban Kasa kan Kafa Asusun Arzikin Masarautar Najeriya, wanda ya mika rahotonsa ga Majalisar Tattalin Arzikin Kasa da Shugaban kasa. Duk da haka, saboda canjin wurin aiki kai tsaye zuwa Ma'aikatar Tsare -Tsare na Kasa, bai sami damar sanya ido kan kafa Asusun Maɗaukakin Sarki kai tsaye ba. 

## Binciken minista
Bayan rusa majalisar ministocin da mukaddashin shugaban kasa na wancan lokacin, Goodluck Jonathan ya yi a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, 2010, Usman yana daya daga cikin mutane tara da aka sake zaba don zama minista a sabuwar majalisar ministocin cikin jimillar arba'in da biyu. Hakan ya faru ne saboda rashin tsaka tsaki kan batutuwan siyasa da kyakkyawar alakar aiki da mukaddashin shugaban. Duk da haka,  sake zabar Usman ba ‘yan jam’iyyar PDP reshen jihar Kano ba ne suka yi masa kallon mai kyau, saboda suna ganin Usman masanin fasaha ne ba dan siyasa ba, kuma a matsayin masu ruwa da tsaki na Jam’iyyar Dimokuraɗiyya ta Jama’a a Jihar Kano. Wannan ya haifar da roƙon siyasa daga ƙungiyoyin masu sha'awar don hana nadin nasa. A sakamakon haka, ya bayyana cewa Majalisar Dokoki ta jinkirta tantance shi kuma zuwa washegari, jaridun yankin suna ba da rahoton cewa an sauke shi daga mukamin Minista saboda muradun siyasa da ya saba wa nadinsa a matsayin Technocrat. 

Sai dai kuma, a safiyar wannan rahoton na jaridar, Usman shi ne na farko da Majalisar Dattawa ta tantance inda ya amsa tambayoyi iri -iri kan tattalin arziki, kuma ya amsa tambayoyi kan ayyukansa a matsayin Ministan Kudi da Tsare -Tsaren Kasa. A nan ne ya yi shahararrun maganganunsa kan yaƙe -yaƙensa da mafia na tattalin arziki a Najeriya waɗanda ke lalata ikon samar da kudaden shiga na gwamnati. 

Nayi kasa-kasa da kungiyoyin mafia da yawa; nayi kasa da kungiyan mafia ta ma'aikatar customs, nayi kasa da hargitsin ma'aikatar haraji ta wannan kasan wadanda suka kasance sune ke tsotse duka harajin kasan nan. Kowa ya san kungiyar dana kafa karkashin Senator Udoma ta ceto ma kasan nan biliyoyin kudade a naira. Nayi dauki ba dadi da kungiyar mafia ta hada hadan mai; I fafata da harkokin shige da fice na wannan kasan gaba daya saboda ina kokarin ganin an samu awa 48 na cikakken tantancewa 

## Kyautatawa
Usman shi ne shugaba kuma daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa kungiyar Kano Peace and Development Initiative (KAPEDI), kungiyar 'yan asalin jihar Kano da ta damu da kokarin sake gina zaman lafiya da tattalin arzikin jihar Kano, musamman bayan rikicin addini a 2004.

Ya kuma fara Gidauniyar Alheri, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta a unguwar Garangamawa da ke birnin Kano wanda ke ba da horon bunkasa ayyukan dan adam ga matasa tare da gudanar da wasu ayyukan alheri a jihar.

## Kyaututtuka

* Wannan Ministan na Shekara na 2007
* Kyautar Bankin Vanguard: Icon na Banki 
* Abokin girmamawa, Cibiyar Bankunan Najeriya (Charter Institute of Bank of Nigeria (CIBN) 
* Shugabannin 50 na ThisDay Gobe (2004) 
* Aboki, Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Najeriya
* Wuri na 3 wanda ya lashe Gasar John F. Kennedy Essay Competition (1969)
* Abokin aiki, Society for Corporate Governance Nigeria 

## Nassoshi