Haɗarin Jama'a

**Haɗarin zamantakewa** wani nau'i ne na halayyar adawa da zamantakewa bisa ga masu gano haɗari waɗanda ke ba hukumomin shari'a damar tabbatar da buƙatar takamaiman iko da hukumomin 'yan sanda suka yi.

Wadannan matakan sun bambanta daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasa: a Italiya ana kiransu matakan kariya, waɗanda aka samo daga cikakken bincike wanda ya haɗa da halin aikata laifuka da kuma yanayin halin kirki na mutum. A cikin Ƙasar Ingila, Dokar Halin Jama'a ta 2003 ta hango su a matsayin umarni; a Amurka Amurka Amurka da yawa suna amfani da tsare-tsare na farar hula ga wasu halayen rashin zamantakewa.

A gefe guda, wasu gwamnatoci suna danganta wannan bincike kai tsaye da sharuddan kurkuku, ba tare da bin ka'idar nulla poena sine lege ba.

## Tsawon da tsayi
Dokar doka tana buƙatar a tantance haɗarin zamantakewa "bisa ga abubuwan da suka faru"  Har ila yau a cikin Addington v. Texas,  Kotun Koli "ta gudanar ba tare da nuna rashin amincewa ba cewa a cikin alkawuran farar hula da ke sauraron sashi na tsari na dacewa na Kwaskwarima ta goma sha huɗu yana buƙatar ma'auni na hujja a kan batutuwan rashin lafiyar mai haƙuri da haɗarinsa ga kansa ko ga wasu daidai da ko mafi girma  shahara.

Hukuncin No. 2 na 1956 na Kotun Tsarin Mulki na Italiya "ya tsara ka'idoji masu mahimmanci: (a) matakan kariya da ke iyakance 'yancin mutum an ba da izini a cikin iyakokin da Mataki na 13 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya sanya; (b) matakan kango na kariya na 'yancin motsi na iya amfani da su ta hanyar ikon gudanarwa don dalilai na tsaron jama'a a cikin shari'o'in da doka ta tsara; (c) irin waɗannan matakan, da aka motsa su, dole ne a dogara da gaskiyar (kuma ba tabbacin) kuma dole ne a bayar da su ba game da su ba da su ba dangane da su ba tare da su ba) game da gaskiyar shari' yancin shari'a.

"Ba za a sanya hukunci ba, ko kuma a tsawaita lokacin azabtarwa, ta hanyar tsinkaya na haɗari, fiye da abin da za a tabbatar da shi azaman hukunci da ya cancanci ba tare da wannan tsinkaya ba".

A cikin zamanin Elizabethan, a Ingila "ya zo da Ayyukan Vagrancy, yana ba da takunkumi ga masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da masu yawo, waɗanda ke yawo a ƙasashen waje ba tare da hanyar da ta dace ba ko hanyar da za a iya gani na tallafi, waɗanda ke cikin irin wannan maganganun da ba su da kyau wanda har yanzu ke tallafawa ka'idojin, ka'idoji, da ka'idoyi na jihohi da yawa, birane, da yankuna a Amurka. Wadannan takunkumi suna da kuma "dakatar da yajin da su da aka gani a cikin waɗannan rukunin masu tayar da su, masu tayar, masu tayarwa, masu tayari, ko masu tayarwa, za su kasance masu tayar wa jama'a da su kasance masu haɗari"  

Kamar yadda haɗarin kafin aikata laifuka ga al'umma tuhuma ce ta doka a ƙarƙashin Dokar Cuba wanda ke ba da damar hukumomi su tsare mutanen da suke tunanin zasu iya aikata laifuki. Laifin yana ɗauke da hukuncin har zuwa shekaru huɗu a kurkuku. Amnesty International ta zargi Gwamnatin Cuba da yin amfani da cajin kusan kawai akan masu sukar gwamnati.

Mutanen da aka ɗaure a ƙarƙashin wannan zargi sun haɗa da:

* Raymundo Perdigon Brito ya yanke masa hukuncin shekaru hudu a kurkuku a ranar 5 ga Disamba 2006. 
* José Oscar Sánchez Madan, wanda aka yanke masa hukuncin shekaru hudu a kurkuku  
* Guillermo Espinosa Rodríguez, wanda aka yanke masa hukuncin shekaru biyu na tsare-tsare 

A shekara ta 2008, 'yan sanda sun kama mawaƙin punk rock kuma mai adawa da Gorki Águila bisa zargin haɗarin zamantakewa. Daga bisani aka umarce shi da ya biya tarar $ 30 don karamin laifi na rikice-rikicen jama'a, bayan masu gabatar da kara sun sauke cajin haɗarin zamantakewa.

A shekara ta 2007, an kama mai zanga-zangar siyasa Ramón Velásquez saboda zargin haɗarin zamantakewa. Velásquez yana shiga cikin tafiya a fadin Cuba wanda ya nuna abin da ya gani a matsayin keta haƙƙin ɗan adam da 'yanci ga " fursunonin siyasa". An yi wa Velásquez shari'a a cikin sauraron shari'a kuma an yanke masa hukuncin shekaru uku a kurkuku. An saki Velásquez a watan Janairun 2010. 

## Bayanan littattafai

* John Barker Waite, The Prevention of Repeated Crime (1943) 
* DeLisi, Matt; Munoz, Ed A. Hadarin nan gaba da aka sake shi, Binciken Manufofin Shari'a na Laifi, Vol. 14, Fitowa 3 (Satumba 2003), shafuffuka na 287-305&nbsp;
* Slobogin Christopher, A Jurisprudence of Dangerousness, Northwestern University Law Review, Vol. 98, Fitowa 1 (2003), shafuffuka 1-62&nbsp;
* Floud Jean, Dangerousness and Criminal Justice, British Journal of Criminology, Vol. 22, Fitowa ta 3 (Yuli 1982), shafuffuka na 213-228&nbsp;

## Dubi kuma

* 'Yancin Dan Adam a Cuba
* Censorship a Cuba
* Black Spring (Cuba) 
* sadaukarwar jama'a

## Manazarta