Eugenia na Reuss Ianculescu

Eugenia na Reuss Ianculescu (11 Maris 1866 - 29 Disamba 1938) malamar Romanian ce, marubuciya, kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Kungiyar Mata, ƙungiyar mata ta farko a Romania, kuma daga baya ta kasance wadda ta kafa Kungiyar 'Yancin Mata da Ayyuka ta Romania. Ta yi gwagwarmaya don zaɓen mata na tsawon shekaru hamsin, ta rubuta litattafai, ta ba da laccoci, ta haɓaka goyon baya ga 'yan siyasa kuma ta gabatar da takardun majalisa, ta sami a shekarar mutuwarta, haƙƙin mata na Romania don shiga cikin babban zabe.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Eugenia de Reuss Ianculescu a ranar 11 ga Maris 1866 a Igești, ƙauye a yankin Bukovina na Daular Austriya,  wanda ya zama Austria-Hungary a shekara mai zuwa.  An haife ta ne a gidan mahaifinta, 'yar aristocrats ce, Maria Dinotto-Gusti da Alexandru de Reuss-Mirza . Bayan ta sami karatun firamare a Iași, babban birnin yankin Moldova na Tsohon Masarautar Romania, ta zama malama kuma ta yi tafiya akai-akai zuwa Faransa da Italiya tare da Hellenic da Latin Association da ƙungiyar ilimin kimiyyar archaeology wanda ta kasance memba. Wani lokaci bayan kammala karatunta, Reuss ta auri Ianculescu, amma ba a san wani bayani game da mijinta ba,  bayan haka ya kasance babban jami'in sojan ƙasa na 29th Regiment of Dorohoi. 

## Yunkurin kare hakkin mata
A shekara ta 1889, yayin da yake koyarwa a Iași, Reuss Ianculescu ya yi ƙoƙari ya kirkiro ƙungiyar sufuri, amma bai iya jawo hankalin sha'awa ba. Ta yi ƙoƙari na biyu don kafa ƙungiyar mata a cikin 1891 tare da ƙarfafawa daga Marya Chéliga-Loevy, amma an sake hana ta. A ƙarshe, a ranar 30 ga Oktoba 1894, Majalisar Dattijai ta amince da kungiyar mata ta farko a Romania, da zarar Reuss Ianculescu ya sami nasarar daukar Cornelia Emilian don zama shugaban kasa. Emilian matar wani fitaccen farfesa ce,  da kuma marubuciya da kuma mai fafutukar mata.  Mata sun kafa Kungiyar Mata (Liga Femeilor Române) a Iași  kuma sun fara buga mujallar da ake kira *Buletinul Ligii Femeilor* (Women's League Bulletin), wanda ke nuna labarai game da mata na kasa da kasa da kuma 'yancin mata.  Kungiyar ta ci gaba da aiki har tsawon shekaru biyar, ta ninka a farkon karni. Lokacin da Kungiyar Mata ta rushe, Reuss Ianculescu ta bar Iași kuma ta koma Bucharest.

Reuss Ianculescu ya juya zuwa rubuce-rubuce kuma ya buga jerin litattafai a cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa, ciki har da *Voință* (Volition, 1902),  Spre dezrobire (Towards Emancipation, 1903), Pentru o Idee (For an ideal, 1904), da *Menirea femii* (Woman's Fate, 1906).  An zabi Voinţă don kyautar daga Kwalejin Romania . Spree ta sadaukar da ita ga 'yarta wacce ta mutu tun tana jariri. Tare da karuwar yabo, bayan da ta buga Towards Emancipation, an karfafa Reuss Ianculescu don ba da jerin laccoci game da haƙƙin mata a Athenaeum na Romania a Bucharest. Jigogi sun haɗa da batutuwa game da makoma da makomar mata da aka bayar a 1906 da mata a siyasa, wanda aka gabatar a 1913. 

Nasarar laccocin ta jagoranci Reuss Ianculescu zuwa kafa  a cikin 1910 na *Societatea pentru Drepturile Femeilor* (Women's Emancipation Society), wanda aka sake masa suna *Liga Drepturilor şi Datoriilor Femeilor din România* (LDDFR) (League for Romanian Women's Rights and Duties)  a cikin 1913. Kungiyar ita ce ƙungiyar mata ta farko wacce aka tsara musamman don samun 'yanci kuma kodayake an kafa ta a Bucharest, tana da rassa a duk faɗin Moldova da Wallachia. Dokta Nicolae Minovici da Reuss Ianculescu sun yi aiki a matsayin hadin gwiwar shugabanni kuma  , Ministan Ilimi na Jama'a ya yi aiki a kasantar girmamawa. Haɗakar da maza masu tasiri a cikin jagoranci wata dabara ce da Reuss Ianculescu ya yi amfani da ita don samun goyon bayan 'yan siyasa masu tasiri da kuma nuna imanin cewa maza da mata suna da ƙwarewar da za a iya haɗawa don cimma nasara. A shekara ta 1912, tana shirya wata mujallar kowane wata ga kungiyar da ake kira Droit des Femmes (*Hakkin Mata*)  kuma a cikin 1913, LDDFR ta gabatar da bukatar ga Majalisar dokokin Romania don kare hakkin mata da na siyasa. 

A wannan shekarar, Reuss Ianculescu ta haɗa da LDDFR tare da Ƙungiyar Mata ta Duniya. A shekara ta 1914, ita da ƙaramin rukuni na masu gwagwarmaya, ciki har da Maria Gavrilescu, Elena Meissner da Adela Xenopol sun goyi bayan takardar neman izinin mata a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Masarautar Romania, wanda ke cikin muhawara. Kodayake ta yi ƙoƙari ta yi aiki tare da Cercul Feminin Socialist (Socialist Feminine Circle) don gabatar da dalilin, sun ki amincewa da LDDFR saboda sun ji cewa ƙungiyar ta ware mata masu aiki kuma ta mai da hankali sosai ga mata masu ilimi. A lokacin yaƙi ta ba da laccoci, ta halarci tarurruka da tarurruka kuma ta yi ƙoƙari ta gabatar da dalilin shiga siyasa na mata. Ta ki gayyatar da Aletta Jacobs ta yi don halartar taron mata na kasa da kasa na 1915, ta yi imanin cewa taron yana tilasta mata su zabi zaman lafiya a kan kishin kasa, kuma ta yi alkawarin amincinta ga Romania. 

A ƙarshen yaƙin, lokacin da Transylvania da Romania suka haɗu a 1918, Reuss Ianculescu ya zama mataimakin shugaban *Uniunea Femeior Române din România Mare* (Union of Romanian Women from Greater Romania), wanda Maria Baiulescu ke jagoranta. A cikin 1921 LDDFR ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar laima *Consiliul Național al Femeilor Române* (National Council of Romanian Women). Reuss Ianculescu ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban sabuwar kungiyar, wacce ta zama mai alaƙa da Majalisar Mata ta Duniya. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, an nada Reuss Ianculescu a matsayin "shugaban rai" na LDDFR .  Tsakanin 1926 da 1935, Reuss Ianculescu ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin International Women's Suffrage Alliance .  Lokacin da aka rubuta Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Romania na 1923 bai bai baiwa mata damar yin zabe ba, a maimakon haka ya bi da su a matsayin marasa cancanta na shari'a. Reuss Ianculescu ya ci gaba da turawa ta hanyar kungiyoyi daban-daban don samun 'yancin zabe kuma mata sun ci nasara, lokacin da a 1929, suka sami damar shiga cikin zabubbukan kananan hukumomi. A cikin 1938, sun sami damar shiga cikin babban zabe, kodayake za su rasa waɗannan haƙƙoƙin a shekara mai zuwa.

Reuss Ianculescu ta mutu a ranar 29 ga Disamba 1938 a gidanta a Igești, wanda a wannan lokacin ya kasance wani ɓangare na Greater Romania.

## Ayyukan da aka zaɓa

* *Voință* (1902) București, Romania (cikin Romanian) 
* *Spre dezrobire* (1903) București, Romania (cikin Romanian) 
* *Pentru o Idee* (1904) București, Romania (cikin Romanian) 
* *Menirea femeii* (1906) București, Romania (cikin Romanian) 
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## Manazarta

### Tushe