Serena Lederer

**Serena (Szeréna) Pulitzer Lederer** (20 ga Mayu 1867 a Budapest - 27 ga Maris 1943) ta kasance mai tattara kayan fasaha na Austro-Hungary kuma matar fitaccen masanin masana'antu August Lederer, babban aminin Gustav Klimt kuma babban mawallafi a cikin kundin tsarin tarin kayan fasaha na Klimt.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Lederer a Budapest a ranar 20 ga Mayu 1867 ga Simon Siegmund Pulitzer da matarsa Charlotte (wanda aka haifa a Politzer),  daga cikin wani iyali mai arziki na Yahudawa. Ta kasance jikanyar ɗan jaridar Amurka Joseph Pulitzer . An san Serena da kasancewa kyakkyawa a lokacin ƙuruciyarta  daga baya kuma ta zama *Grande Dame* .  Ta auri August Lederer a ranar 5 ga Yuni 1892  a Rabbinat of Pest. da Gidan Weidlingau da kuma wani gida a Győr, Hungary.   Babban gidansu shine gidansu da ke  lamba 8 a Vienna, kusa da ɗakin studio na Gustav Klimt. Sun ajiye babban ɓangare na tarin fasaharsu a wannan adireshin. 

## Zane-zane
Ma'auratan Lederer abokai ne na kud da kud ga Gustav Klimt kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan abokan cinikinsa.   Serena Lederer ita ce babbar mai goyon bayan tarin tarin zane-zane na iyalin.  Wannan tarin ya haɗa da ayyukan sake fasalin rayuwa da ayyukan zamanin da na Egon Schiele, Gustav Klimt, da sauran masu fasaha.  A cewar ɗansu Erich Lederer (1896–1985), Wiener Werkstätte wanda Josef Hoffmann da Koloman Moser suka kafa a Vienna ne suka gina musu gidansu a shekarar 1903. An damka kayan daki ga Eduard Josef Wimmer-Wisgrill . 

Tun daga shekarar 1888, Gustav Klimt ya yi ƙaramin hoto na farko na matashi kuma wanda ba shi da aure, Serena Lederer, don aikinsa  .  A Vienna, an keɓe ɗaki ɗaya na gidan don ayyukan Klimt. &#x5B; ** &#x5D; An zana Klimt *Hoton Serena Lederer* a shekarar 1899,  tsakanin 1914 da 1916, da kuma hoton mahaifiyar Serena, Charlotte Pulitzer, a shekarar 1915.  Zanen Serena shine tushen abota ta kud da kud. Bisa shawarar Klimt, a shekarar 1912, an gabatar da Egon Schiele ga dangin Lederer, inda ya zama abokai da Erich Lederer, ƙaramin ɗansa,  da kuma ba shi darussan zane. 

Zane-zanen da Klimt ya yi a cikin tarin Lederer sun haɗa da hotunan iyali da aka ambata a baya, *Falsafa* da *Shari'a*, *Beethoven Frieze*, *Schubert a Piano*, *Water Serpents I*, da *Women Friends*, da sauransu. 

## Tsananta wa 'yan Nazi
An kwace tarin Lederer daga hannun Serena a shekarar 1940 kuma ta gudu zuwa Budapest, inda ta mutu bayan shekaru uku. ' Yan sandan Gestapo sun mayar da tarin zuwa Gidan Immendorf, amma an kona gidan a watan Mayu, 1945 don kada ya fada hannun Kawayenta kuma an lalata wasu zane-zane a cikin tarin.   Duk da haka, wasu daga cikin zane-zanen sun sake bayyana bayan yakin.  Ɗan Lederers Erich da matarsa Elisabeth sun nemi mafaka a Switzerland. 

Domin gujewa tsananta wa 'yan Nazi, 'yar Lederer, Elisabeth, ta yi iƙirarin cewa ita 'yar Lederer da Klimt ce ta asali, wanda Lederer ya sanya hannu kan takardar shaidar tabbatarwa. Wannan ya ba Elisabeth damar ci gaba da zama a Vienna kafin ta mutu sakamakon dalilai na halitta a shekarar 1944.

## Da'awar diyya ga kayan fasaha da aka sace
Bayan yaƙin, an mayar da ayyukan Gustav Klimt guda 459 da kuma 77 na Egon Schiele ga Lederers, duk da haka, ba a sami yawancin ayyukan fasaha ba. Duk da haka, ba a iya ƙaura da ayyukan da aka gano daga Austria ba, wanda ya hana dangin Lederer fitar da babban aikin Klimt *Beethoven Frieze* zuwa Switzerland.   A shekarar 2018, magada Lederer sun je kotu a Switzerland don ƙoƙarin tilasta wa dillalin fasaha na Switzerland Galerie Kornfeld ya amsa tambayoyi game da ayyukan fasaha daga tarin Lederer wanda ya sake bayyana bayan yaƙin da Wolfgang, Hildebrand da Cornelius Gurlitt .  Haka kuma a shekarar 2018, an gano cewa hukumomin Austria sun mayar da ɗaya daga cikin Klimts na Lederer, *Apple Tree II*, ga dangin da ba daidai ba.   saboda wani bincike da Hukumar Ba da Shawara kan Mayar da Hankali kan Fasaha ta yi wanda ya ruɗar da Klimt da wani zane daban.  

## Duba kuma

* Vugesta
* Kisan kare dangi a Austria
* Jerin Da'awar Diyya ga Zane-zanen da 'yan Nazi suka kwace
* Eberhard W. Kornfeld
* *Beethoven Frieze*

## Littattafan tarihi

* Tobias Natter, Gerbert Frodl (Hsg.): *Klimt und die Frauen* (Ausstellungskatalog), Dumont Köln 2000 

## Manazarta