Adama Barrow

**Adama Barrow** 

An haife shi ne a ranar 15 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1965, ya kasan ce  ɗan siyasan Gambiya ne kuma mai harkar gine-gine wanda shine shugaban ƙasan Gambiya na uku kuma shugaba mai ci a yanzu, kan mulki tun shekara ta 2017.

An haife shi ne a garin Mankamang Kunda, wani ƙauye kusa da Basse Santa Su, ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Tsubirin Crab da kuma Makarantar Sakandare ta Musulmai, na biyun a kan malanta. Sannan ya yi aiki da kamfanin makamashi na Gambiya Alhaji Musa Njie & Sons, inda ya zama manajan tallace-tallace. Motsawa zuwa London acikin farkon shekara ta 2000s, Barrow yayi karatun cancanta a cikin ƙasa kuma a lokaci guda yayi aiki azaman mai tsaro. Bayan ya dawo Gambiya acikin shekara ta 2006, ya kafa Majum Real Estate kuma ya kasance Shugaba har zuwa cikin shekara ta 2016. Ya zama ma'aji na United Democratic Party, jam'iyyar adawa, sannan ya zama shugaba acikin watan Satumban shekara ta 2016 bayan an tura tsohon shugaban a kurkuku.  Sannan an zaɓi Barrow a matsayin dan takarar UDP a zaben shugaban kasa acikin shekara ta 2016. Daga baya an sanar da cewa zai tsaya  matsayin mai zaman kansa tare da goyon bayan ƙungiyar adawa ta Coalitiona  acikin shekara ta 2016 (wani kawancen da ke goyon bayan UDP da wasu jam'iyyun shaida).

Barrow ya lashe zaben shugaban kasa acikin shekara ta 2016 da kashi 43.34% na kuri’un, ya kayar da shugaba mai ci Yahya Jammeh. Jammeh da farko ya amince da sakamakon, amma daga baya ya sake komawa kan wannan, kuma an tilasta ma Barrow ya gudu zuwa makwabciyar ƙasar Senegal. An rantsar da shi a ofishin jakadancin Gambiya da ke Senegal a ranar 19 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2017, kuma an tilasta ma Jammeh barin Gambiya ya tafi gudun hijira a ranar 21 ga watan Janairu. Barrow ya koma Gambiya ne a ranar 26 ga watan Janairu.

Acikin watan Nuwamban shekara ta 2021, Adama Barrow ya bayyana aniyarsa ta tsayawa takarar shugaban kasa acikin shekara ta 2024.

## Rayuwar farko, ilimi da aiki
An haifi Barrow ne a ranar 15 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1965 a Mankamang Kunda, wani ƙauye kusa da Basse Santa Su,   kwana uku kafin Gambiya ta sami yancin kai daga Ƙasar Ingila . Shi ɗa ne ga Mamudu Barrow da Kaddijatou Jallow. Ya halarci makarantar firamari ta Koba Kunda da ke yankin, sannan ya halarci makarantar Sakandiren Tsubirin Crab da ke Banjul . Sannan ya samu tallafin karatu a makarantar sakandaren musulmai . Bayan ya tashi daga makaranta, ya yi aiki da kamfanin makamashi na Gambiya Alhagie Musa Njie & Sons, kuma ya tashi cikin mukami ya zama manajan tallace-tallace . A farkon 2000s, ya koma London inda ya karanci cancantar harkar ƙasa. A lokaci guda, yayi aiki a matsayin mai tsaro a wani shagon Argos na gida don ɗaukar nauyin karatunsa. Daga baya ya bayyana wadannan gogewar a matsayin tsari, yana mai cewa "Rayuwa tsari ne, kuma Burtaniya ta taimaka min na zama mutumin da nake yau. Yin aiki na awowi 15 a rana yana gina mutum. ”   

Barrow ya koma Gambiya kuma a 2006, ya kafa Majum Real Estate, kuma daga 2006 zuwa 2016 shi ne babban jami'in kamfanin (Shugaba) na kamfanin. A ranar 12 ga watanYuni 2019, ya karɓi Babban Kyauta wanda shine The African Road Builders Babacar Ndiaye Trophy. Wannan ya kasance ne saboda shugabancin sa a gina gadar Senegambia.  Barrow ya fara aikin siyasa ne tare da jam'iyyar sasantawa ta ƙasa (NRP) ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ministansa na yawon buɗe ido da al'adu, Hamat Bah tare da shugaban Gambia Democratic Congress (GDC) na yanzu, Mamma Kandeh. Koyaya, a 2007, ya raba hanya da NRP kuma ya koma UDP lokacin da Bah ta ba shi shawarar kada ya yi takara da tsohuwar abokiyar aikinta Mamma Kandeh wacce ta tsallaka zuwa ga APRC mai mulki. Barrow ya fadi zaben ga Kandeh kuma ya ci gaba da kasancewa mara martaba har zuwa lokacin da aka zaɓe shi a matsayin Shugaban Gambiya a 2016.

## Yaƙin neman zaɓen shugaban ƙasa

### Zaɓen shugaban ƙasar Gambiya na 2016

A ranar 30 ga watan Oktoban shekara ta 2016, gamayyar jam'iyyun adawa bakwai ne suka zaɓi Barrow a matsayin dan takarar su na zaben shugaban kasar Gambiya acikin shekara ta 2016.Kafin ya zama dan takarar shugaban kasa, Barrow bai taɓa riƙe wani mukamin da aka zaɓa ba, amma ya kasance ma'ajin jam'iyyar United Democratic Party (UDP).Ya yi murabus daga UDP a ranar 3 ga watan Nuwamba don ya tsaya takarar a matsayin mai zaman kanta, tare da cikakken goyon baya na Haɗin gwiwar acikin shekara ta 2016 .  

A lokacin yaƙin neman zaɓen, ya yi alkawarin mayar da Gambiya membobinta na Kungiyar Kasashe da kuma ikon Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta Duniya .  Ya kuma yi alkawarin yin garambawul ga jami'an tsaro, tare da yin alkawarin kara kwarewa tare da raba su da siyasa.  Ya kuma ce zai kafa gwamnatin rikon kwarya ta wucin gadi wacce ta kunshi mambobi daga kawancen adawa kuma zai sauka a cikin shekaru uku.  

A zaɓen, Barrow ya lashe da kashi 43.34% na kuri’un, inda ya kayar da Yahya Jammeh (wanda ya samu kashi 39.6%) da kuma dan takarar jam’iyya ta uku Mama Kandeh (wacce ta samu kashi 17.1%).

### Canjin shugaban ƙasa da kuma nadin sarauta
Da farko, Jammeh ya nuna cewa miƙa mulki cikin sauƙi za a yi. Koyaya, a ranar Juma'a 9 ga watan Disamba, a cikin gidan talibijin, ya bayyana cewa "ya yi watsi da" sakamakon zaben. Wannan ya sadu da ihu na ƙasa da na duniya. Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya yi kira ga Jammeh da ya "mutunta zabin al'ummar Gambiya" kuma Tarayyar Afirka ta ayyana kalaman Jammeh "aikin banza ne"; Jammeh ya ki sauka daga mulki ya sha suka daga Amurka, makwabciyarta Senegal, ECOWAS, da sauransu.  Cikin fargabar tsaron sa, Barrow ya bar Gambiya zuwa Senegal yayin da yake rokon Jammeh ya sauka. Jammeh ya daukaka kara kan rashin sa a zaben zuwa Kotun Koli.  Lokacin da Babban Jojin Kotun Koli ya bayyana cewa kotun ba za ta iya nazarin shari’ar ba har tsawon akalla watanni hudu, Jammeh ya ayyana dokar ta baci don kokarin hana Barrow rantsar da shi a matsayin shugaban kasa. 

Sannan an rantsar da Barrow a matsayin shugaban Gambiya a ofishin jakadancin Gambiya da ke Dakar, Senegal, a ranar 19 ga watan Janairun 2017.  A wannan rana, sojojin soja daga Senegal, Najeriya da Ghana sun shiga Gambiya a wani katsalandan na sojan ECOWAS da suka haɗa da na ƙasa, da na ruwa, da na sama domin tilasta Jammeh ya fice. Sojojin Gambiya ba su yi adawa da shiga tsakani ba, wanda kawai suka hadu da kananan rikice-rikice a kebe a kusa da mahaifar Jammeh ta Kanilai . ECOWAS ta dakatar da kutsen bayan wasu 'yan sa'o'i kawai kuma ta ba Jammeh damar karshe ta sauka. A ranar 21 ga watan Janairu, Jammeh ya bar Gambiya zuwa gudun hijira da ECOWAS ta shirya, yana share fagen mika mulki. 

A ranar 26 ga watan Janairu, Barrow ya koma Gambiya, yayin da kusan sojojin ECOWAS 2,500 suka kasance a can don daidaita kasar.  Barrow ya nemi sojojin ECOWAS su zauna na tsawon watanni shida.  Dandazon mutane a daruruwan suna jiran a Filin jirgin saman Banjul don yi masa maraba da zuwa gida.  Barrow ya kuma gaishe da jami’an soja da mambobin gwamnatin hadaka. 

A ranar 18 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2017 Barrow ya sake rantsar da shi a karo na biyu, a cikin Gambiya, a wani bikin naɗin sarauta da aka gudanar a filin wasa na Independence da ke Bakau a wajen Banjul babban birnin ƙasar.   

## Shugabancin ƙasa

### Kafa majalisar zartarwa da nade-naden mukamai
A ranar 28 ga watan Janairun 2017, Barrow ya sanar da cewa zaɓaɓɓun majalisar ministocin nasa dole ne su bayyana kadarorinsu kafin fara aikinsu.  An rantsar da ministoci 10 daga cikin 18 a ranar 1 ga watan Fabrairu, a wani biki a Kairaba Beach Hotel, gidan wucin gadi na Barrow. Daga cikin nadin, Ousainou Darboe da Amadou Sanneh ne suka cike mahimman mukaman na Ministan Harkokin Wajen da Ministan Kudi da Harkokin Tattalin Arziki. An nada mace ta farko da ta tsaya takarar shugabancin kasar ta Gambiya Isatou Touray a matsayin Ministan Ciniki, Hadin Kan Yanki da samar da Aiki, sannan tsohon mai gudun hijira Mai Ahmed Fatty an nada shi Ministan cikin gida. Ba Tambadou an nada shi a matsayin Ministan Shari'a kuma Babban Atoni Janar amma bai halarci wurin da za a rantsar da shi ba. 

 lura babu wani memba na jam'iyyar hadakar PDOIS, sabanin yarjejeniyar hadin gwiwar, kuma an sanar da cewa karin nade-naden zai kasance masu fasaha, ba 'yan siyasa ba. Hakanan, an nada Amie Bojang Sissoho, wata mai rajin kare hakkin mata, a matsayin Daraktan yada labarai da hulda da jama'a na Ofishin Shugaban.

### Manufofin gida

#### 'Yancin ɗan adam da sauran gyare-gyare
A ranar 28 ga watan Janairun 2017, Barrow ya sanar da cewa za a sake dawo da sunan Gambiya daga *Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Gambiya* zuwa *Jamhuriyar Gambiya*, yana mai sauya canjin da Jammeh ya yi a 2015. Ya kuma ce zai tabbatar da ‘yancin aikin jarida a kasar.  A ranar 14 ga watan Fabrairu, Gambiya ta fara aikin komawa cikin mambobinta na Ƙungiyar Ƙasashe . 

A cikin jawabinsa na farko a ranar 18 ga watan Fabrairun 2017, Barrow ya sanar da cewa ya ba da umarnin sakin duk mutanen da aka tsare ba tare da yi musu shari'a ba a karkashin mulkin danniya na Yahya Jammeh. Kimanin fursunoni 171 da ake tsare da su a gidan yari na Gile Mile 2 wanda ya yi kaurin suna.  Barrow ya yi alwashin ganin Gambiya ta kawo karshen take hakkin dan Adam  sannan ya soke janyewar da ake yi daga Gambiya daga Dokar Rome ta Kotun Manyan Laifuka ta Duniya .  A ranar 23 ga watan Maris, Ministan Shari'a Abubacarr Tambadou ya ba da sanarwar cewa Kwamitin Gaskiya, Sulhu da Kula da Fansa zai bayar da diyya ga waɗanda tsohuwar gwamnatin Yahya Jammeh ta shafa. 

Barrow ya kori Janar Ousman Badjie, Babban hafsan hafsoshin tsaro, tare da wasu manyan ma’aikata 10 a watan Fabrairun 2017. Badjie ya maye gurbinsa da tsohon shugaban ma’aikatan Masaneh Kinteh . Hakanan an kori David Colley, darektan tsarin gidan yarin tare da garkame shi tare da wasu mutane 9 da ake zargi da kasancewa mambobin Jungulars, wani rukunin kisa da ake zargi ƙarƙashin Yahya Jammeh. 

A ranar 21 ga watan Satumba 2017, 'yan sa'o'i kaɗan bayan jawabin farko da ya gabatar a zauren Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Barrow ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar soke hukuncin kisa a matsayin wani bangare na Yarjejeniyar Zabi ta Biyu ga Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan' Yancin Dan Adam da Siyasa . Ya kuma sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan Kare Hakkokin Dukan Ma'aikata Masu Hijira da Membobin Iyalansu, da Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa don Kare Dukan Mutane daga Bacewar Tilastawa, da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da Bayyanar da Gaskiya game da Yarjejeniyar da ke Tsakanin masu saka jari. Yarjejeniyar kan Haramtacciyar Makaman Nukiliya .

#### Hukumar Leƙen Asiri ta Ƙasa ta yi garambawul
A ranar 28 ga watan Janairun 2017, Barrow ya sanar da cewa zai sake suna tare da sake fasalta hukumar leken asirin ƙasar, Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Kasa, yana mai nuni da alakarta da azzalumar gwamnatin Yahya Jammeh . Ya ce NIA "cibiya ce da za ta ci gaba", amma ya ƙara da cewa "bin doka, wannan zai zama aikin yau da kullum". Ya ce za a kara bayar da horo ga jami'an NIA.  A ranar 31 ga watan Janairu, Barrow ya ba da sanarwar cewa za a kira NIA da Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Jiha (SIS). Washegari, ya kori Darakta Janar na NIA, Yankuba Badjie, ya maye gurbinsa da tsohon Mataimakin Daraktan NIA Musa Dibba. Barrow ya kuma cire NIA daga aikinta na tilasta bin doka kuma ya mamaye dukkan cibiyoyin tsare NIA na dan lokaci tare da jami'an 'yan sanda.   A wani bangare na garambawul din Barrow, an kama tsohon shugaban NIA Yankuba Badjie da daraktan ayyuka Sheikh Omar Jeng wadanda ake zargi da take hakkin bil adama a ranar 20 ga watan Fabrairu kuma ana bincikensu kan yiwuwar cin zarafinsu. 

### Sauran yanke shawara
Haramcin caca da Jammeh ya aiwatar da shi Barrow ne ya soke shi a watan Mayu na 2017, a kokarin jawo hankalin masu saka jari da samar da ayyukan yi.  Ya nada Landing Kinteh a matsayin sabon Sufeto Janar na 'Yan sanda (IGP), tare da cire Yankuba Sonko wanda Shugaba Jammeh ya nada a 2010, tare da sake Sonko zuwa wasu ofisoshin kasashen waje da na diflomasiyya. Mataimakin Sufeto Janar na ‘yan sanda Ousman Sowe ya sauka zuwa kwamishina kuma an maye gurbinsa da wani kwamishina Mamud Jobe. Tsohon Darakta Janar na Hukumar Shige da Fice Buba Sangnia wanda aka yanke wa hukunci a lokacin Jammeh kan shugabancin cin zarafin an mayar da shi kan muƙaminsa. 

### Manufofin waje
A watan Fabrairun 2017, ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan Barrow na farko game da manufofin ketare shi ne soke hukuncin da Jammeh ya yanke a watan Oktoba na 2016 na barin Kotun Manyan Laifuka ta Duniya . An tsara aikin ne ta hanyar wata wasiƙa da Ministan Harkokin Wajen ya aika a ranar 10 ga watan Fabrairu, tare da gwamnatin da ke bayyana kudurinta "don inganta 'yancin dan adam", da kuma "ka'idojin da ke kunshe a cikin Dokar Rome ta Kotun Manyan Laifuka ta Duniya".  

A ranar 8 ga watan Fabrairun 2018, Barrow ya zama shugaban gwamnatin Commonwealth, yayin da Gambiya ta koma zama jamhuriya ta Commonwealth, wanda hakan ya kasance daga watan Afrilu na 1970 zuwa Oktoba 2013.

### Zanga-zangar adawa da Barrow a cikin 2019-2020
Lokacin da Barrow ya hau karagar mulki, ya shaida wa kawancen da ke mara masa baya cewa zai kira a gudanar da sabon zabe bayan shekaru uku maimakon yin cikakken wa'adin mulki na shekaru biyar da kundin tsarin mulki ya tanada.  

Daga baya Barrow ya soke wannan alƙawarin. A ƙarshen 2019 da farkon 2020, an yi zanga-zanga a Gambiya suna kira ga Barrow ya sauka bayan shekaru uku, a wani yunkuri da ake kira "Operation 3-Years Jotna", ko "Shekaru Uku Ya isa".  An kame daruruwan masu zanga-zanga, an jikkata mutane da dama, sannan mutane uku sun mutu yayin zanga-zangar, a daidai lokacin da ake zargin jami’an tsaro da wuce gona da iri.  

Gwamnatin Gambiya ta haramta yunƙurin zanga-zangar, tana mai cewa "tawaye ne, tashin hankali da haramtacciyar hanya".  A wani rahoto game da zanga-zangar, Emil Touray na Kamfanin Dillancin Labaran Faransa ya ambato wani mai zanga-zangar yana cewa "Za mu yi zanga-zanga har sai Barrow ya sauka," wani kuma yana cewa "Mu je mu kona duk abin da ke na Adama Barrow da danginsa". 

Barrow ya mayar da martani ga zanga-zangar da cewa "Babu wanda zai tilasta ni in bar shugabancin ƙasar kafin 2021,"  kuma wata kungiya da aka sani da suna "Shekaru Biyar Jotagul" na goyon bayan Barrow ya ci gaba da zama na tsawon shekaru biyar.  Jason Burke ya ruwaito a cikin *The Guardian* cewa Barrow yanzu ya ce ya yi imanin cewa kundin tsarin mulki ya bukace shi ya yi aiki na cikakken shekaru biyar. 

## Fahimtar ƙabilanci da ra'ayi kan ƙabilanci
An bayar da rahoton cewa Barrow memba ne na ƙabilar Fula, wacce ita ce babbar ƙabila ta biyu a Gambiya (babba ita ce Mandinka ).    An kuma bayar da rahoton cewa shi Mandinka ne, dangane da ƙabilar mahaifinsa, amma an fi sanin shi da Fulas ta fuskar zamantakewa da al'adu. Duk da haka wata hira ta rediyo da Saja Sey tare da 'yar uwarsa a Bansang sun tabbatar da cewa Fula ne. Ta bayyana cewa kakansu ya samo asali ne daga Futa Toro Senegal. Barrow da kansa ya bayyana a cikin taron da aka yi a Niamina West cewa shi Fula ne.  Ya girma yana magana da yaren Fula a ƙauye da gundumar da akeyi da Fula, kuma duk matansa Fulane. 

Lokacin da aka tambaye shi game da batun da kuma ra'ayinsa game da abin da yake hangowa game da Gambiya, sai ya ce ya hada kabilu daban-daban kuma shi ba dan kabilanci ba ne:

## Rayuwar mutum
Barrow ya kasan ce musulmi ne kuma ya ce imaninsa yana jagorantar rayuwarsa da siyasarsa. Yana auren mata fiye da ɗaya kuma yana da mata biyu, Fatoumatta Bah da Sarjo Mballow.  Matan biyu duk ‘yan kabilar Fula ne . Tare da matansa, yana da yara huɗu masu rai.   Habibu Barrow, dan sa mai shekaru takwas, ya mutu bayan da wani kare ya sare shi a ranar 15 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2017. Barrow bai iya halartar jana'izar ɗan nasa ba saboda, bayan shawarwarin ECOWAS, yana Senegal inda ya tsere daga rikicin bayan zabe.  

Shi kuma masoyin ƙungiyar ƙwallon kafa ta Ingila ne ta Arsenal. Tallafinsa ga ƙungiyar ya fara a farkon 2000 lokacin da yake zaune a Ingila.
 

## Manazarta
*"Ex-President Yahya Jammeh leaves The Gambia after losing election". BBC News. 21 January 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2016.