Victoria Mxenge

**Victoria Nonyamezelo Mxenge** (1 ga watan Janairun 1942, Birnin Sarki William, Lardin Cape - 1 ga watan Agustan 1985, Umlazi, Durban, Natal) ta kasance mai fafutukar adawa da nuna wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu; an horar da ita a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya da haihuwa, kuma daga baya ta fara aiki a matsayin lauya.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Mxenge a ƙauyen Tamara a ranar 1 ga watan Janairu 1942 a cikin King William's Twown  iyayenta sune Wilmot Goso da Nobantu Ntebe. Bayan ta kammala karatun firamare a Tamara, ta tafi makarantar sakandare ta Forbes Grant inda ta kammala karatun ƙarami (Grade 10). A cikin shekarar 1959, ta yi digiri a Healdtown, Fort Beaufort a Lardin Gabas.  Ta sami horo a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a Asibitin Victoria kuma ta sami cancantar ta a shekara ta 1964. Bayan ta auri Griffiths Mxenge, ita da mijinta sun ƙaura zuwa Natal (yanzu KwaZulu-Natal). Ta ɗauki ungozoma a asibitin King Edward kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a Umlazi.  A cikin shekarar 1965, an yanke wa mijinta hukunci a ƙarƙashin Dokar hana gurguzu kuma an ɗaure shi tsawon shekaru biyu a tsibirin Robben.  A lokacin aurensu, mijin nata ya fuskanci takunkumi daban-daban da gwamnati ta amince da shi da kuma tsare shi. Ita da mijinta sun haifi 'ya'ya maza biyu, Mbasa da Viwe, da 'yar Namhla.

## Aiki
Bayan kammala karatun ungozoma a asibitin King Edward, Victoria Mxenge ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a asibitin Umlazi. Daga nan ta karanci shari'a a Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu. A cikin shekarar 1981, kusan shekaru biyar bayan mijinta ya kafa tsarin shari'a ta sami cancantar doka, ta shiga aikin kuma daga baya aka shigar da ita a matsayin lauya.  A ranar 19 ga watan Nuwamba 1981, jami'an Vlakplaas ƙarƙashin jagorancin Dirk Coetzee suka kashe mijinta a cikin garin Umlazi, kudu da Durban. Ya samu raunuka da dama kuma an gano gawarsa a kusa da filin wasan kwallon kafa a Umlazi kuma ya faɗa mata domin gano gawarsa da aka yanke a wani ɗakin ajiyar gawa na gwamnati da safe bayan kashe shi. Janar ɗin ‘yan sanda Dirk Coetzee ya yi ikirarin cewa jam’iyyar ANC ce ta kashe mijinta, inda ta musanta da kakkausar murya.  Jam'iyyar ANC ta fitar da sanarwar jama'a daga Lusaka inda ta yi tir da kisan gillar da ya yi da kuma girmama irin gudunmawar da ya bayar a gwagwarmayar.  A cikin shekarar 1996, Dirk Coetzee ya furta cewa shi ya jagoranci ƙungiyar da ta kashe Mxenge.

Bayan kisan mijinta, Mxenge ta ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukansu na doka. A cikin shekarar 1983, ta yi nasarar kare ɗalibai daga kwace sakamakon da Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta yi."  Ta kuma shiga cikin lamuran da aka yi wa matasan musgunawa yayin da ake tsare da su a gidan yari. Mxenge ta wakilci iyalan waɗanda harin Matolo da Lesotho ya shafa.  Mxenge ta fara asusun ajiyar kuɗi don tunawa da mijinta. Ta zama memba na Kwamitin Saki Nelson Mandela (RMC), ta zauna a kan zartarwa na Kungiyar Mata ta Ƙasa (NOW) da kuma Ma'ajin Natal na UDF. 

Mxenge ta kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar tsaro ta United Democratic Front da Natal Indian Congress a lokacin gwajin cin amanar Pietermaritzburg a Kotun Koli ta Pietermaritzburg.  A cikin watan Yuli 1985, ta yi magana a jana'izar Cradock Four, Matthew Goniwe, Fort Calata, Sparrow Mkhonto da Sicelo Mhlauli. Jana'izar ta samu halartar mutane sama da 50,000. A yayin jawabinta Mxenge ta yi Allah wadai da gwamnatin nuna wariyar launin fata tare da yin nuni da kisan gillar da aka yi wa Cradock Four a matsayin "mummunan aiki na matsorata."

## Kisa
A ranar 1 ga watan Agustan 1985, “baƙaƙen fata huɗu ne suka bindige ta” yayin da ta dawo daga taron siyasa. An kashe ta ne a kan hanyarta a Umlazi a gaban 'ya'yanta. An yi tunanin cewa mutanen na cikin tawagar gwamnatin da ta mutu. Bayan rasuwarta, sama da ɗalibai 1,000 ne suka yi maci a birnin Durban domin nuna rashin amincewarsu kuma "'yan sanda sun tarwatsa su suna amfani da karnuka da kulake." 

Jana'izar ta wanda aka yi a ranar 11 ga watan Agusta 1985 a Ƙauyen Rayi kusa da Garin Sarki William  ya samu halartar mutane 10,000, kuma an samu wasikun ta'aziyya daga Nelson Mandela da Oliver Tambo da sauransu. Bayan jana'izar ta, masu makoki a ƙauyen Duncan sun fito kan tituna tare da lalata dukiyoyin jama'a. Hakan ya haifar da arangama tsakanin 'yan sanda da mazauna garin wanda ya yi sanadin mutuwar mutane tara tare da jikkata 138.

A cikin shekarar 1987, alkalan Afirka ta Kudu sun yi iƙirarin cewa ta mutu sakamakon "rauni da aka samu a kai kuma an kashe ta da wanda ba a sani ba". Hukumar tabbatar da gaskiya da sulhu (TRC) ta bayar da rahoton kisan gillar da aka yi wa Victoria Mxenge takardun cewa Marvin Sefako (wanda aka fi sani da Bongi Raymond Malinga) reshen jami’an tsaro ne ya ɗauki ma’aikata aiki kuma Brigadier Peter Swanepoel ne mai kula da shi. Malinga ya furta cewa ya kashe Mxenge.

## Martaba
A cikin watan Oktoba 2005, Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Afirka ta Kudu ta ƙaddamar da s na uku kuma na ƙarshe. mai suna ***Victoria Mxenge*** don girmama ta.  A cikin shekarar 2006, duka biyun Victoria Mxenge da mijinta an ba su lambar yabo ta Luthuli a Azurfa don kyakkyawar gudunmawa ga fannin doka da sadaukarwa da aka yi a yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu.  An kafa ƙungiyar masu ba da shawara ta Victoria Mxenge bisa hukuma a ranar 1 ga watan Yuli 2011 kuma wani ɓangare ne na Ƙungiyar Masu Ba da Shawara ta Johannesburg.  A ranar 20 ga watan Agusta, 2017, gwamnatin KwaZulu-Natal da gundumar eThekwini sun buɗe mutum-mutumi don girmama Griffiths da Victoria Mxenge a uMlazi, kudancin Durban.

## A cikin shahararrun al'adu
An ambaci Victoria Mxenge tare da wasu masu fafutukar yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata Steve Biko da Neil Aggett a cikin waƙar Asimbonanga ta shekarar 1987 na ƙungiyar Savuka ta Afirka ta Kudu, wanda Johnny Clegg ya tsara kuma aka sadaukar da shi ga Nelson Mandela. 

## Manazarta

### Sources

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## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Labarin Tarihin Afirka ta Kudu
* Tarihin Jami'ar Rhodes
* Tarihin Jami'ar Rhodes