Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Romawa ta Turai

**Cibiyar kare haƙƙin Romawa ta Turai** ( **ERRC** ) ƙungiya ce ta Romawa, ƙungiyar kare hakkin jama'a ta ƙasa da ƙasa da ke yin ayyuka da yawa da nufin yaƙar wariyar launin fata da cin zarafin ɗan adam ga mutanen Romani. Hanyar ERRC ta ƙunshi, musamman, shari'ar dabarun, shawarwari na ƙasa da ƙasa, bincike da ci gaban manufofi, samar da labarai na kare hakkin bil'adama, da horar da masu fafutuka na Romani.

ERRC memba ne na Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Helsinki da 'Yancin Ɗan Adam  kuma yana da matsayi na shawarwari tare da Majalisar Turai,  da kuma Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da zamantakewa na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. An kirkiro kungiyar ne a cikin shekarar 1996 a Budapest, Hungary kuma yanzu tana da tushe a Brussels, Belgium.

## Tushe
Cibiyar 'Yancin Roma ta Turai ta girma ne saboda martanin da 'yan sanda suka yi a Bulgaria, inda masu rajin kare hakkin Roma suka yi aiki tare da lauyoyin Open Society Foundation don samun nasara ta doka.  Babban mutum a cikin aikinsu na farko shine ɗan fafutukar Hungary Ferenc Kőszeg, wanda daga baya aka yaba da kafa ƙungiyar. ERRC ta zana kwarin gwiwa ga aikinsu daga tasirin dabarar ƙarar da NAACP ta yi amfani da ita a ƙarni na 20 don ciyar da haƙƙin ɗan adam a Amurka. 

Bayan kafuwarta, ERRC ta sami nasara ta farko ta doka a kotun tsarin mulkin Czech a shekarar 1996.  A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa ƙungiyar ta ƙirƙira littattafai sama da 580, ta shigar da kararraki 500 a ƙasashe daban-daban na Turai tare da horar da masu fafutukar Roma sama da dubu ɗaya.  A wannan lokacin, ERRC ta shiga cikin wasu mahimman lamurra ciki har da wakiltar mutanen Roma da 1993 Hădăreni pogrom  da Danilovgrad pogrom a Montenegro. 

## Ayyuka

### Shari'ar dabarun

ERRC tana aiki a cikin Impact Litigation (wanda kuma ake kira ƙarar dabara). Tun lokacin da aka kafa ta, ERRC ta ɗauki fiye da shari'o'i 1000 da suka shafi 'yancin Roma, kuma a halin yanzu tana da sama da ɗari da ke gaban kotunan ƙasa da ƙasa. Ayyukan shari'a na ERRC yana ɗaukar nau'i daban-daban ciki har da samar da wakilcin shari'a kai tsaye da tallafi ga masu ƙara da ƙasar Romania. ERRC kuma tana ƙirƙira gabatar da shari'a ga kotunan ƙasa da ƙasa, kamar kotun Turai na haƙƙin ɗan adam da ƙungiyoyin yarjejeniyar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya.  Kungiyar na neman yin tasiri a matakin ƙasa da Turai, kuma tana yin shari'a a kan batutuwa daban-daban da suka haɗa da ilimi, muhalli, ƙaura, tilastawa, ainihi, kiwon lafiya, da batutuwan da suka shafi yara. 

ERRC ta ci nasara a kan Faransa, Girka, Italiya da (sau biyu) Bulgaria a gaban kwamitin Turai na 'yancin zamantakewa;  banda wannan, lauyoyin ERRC sun wakilci masu nema a lokuta da yawa a gaban Kotun Turai na 'Yancin Ɗan Adam, ciki har da DH da Sauran v. Czech Republic da Oršuš da Sauran v. Croatia. Har ila yau ERRC ta ƙaddamar da ƙararraki masu mahimmanci a cikin Ƙasar Ingila tare da wani sanannen shari'ar 2004 R (Cibiyar Kare Haƙƙin Turai) v Jami'in Shige da Fice a Filin Jirgin Sama na Prague da aka yi takara a cikin House of Lords.

### Bincike da manufofin jama'a
ERRC tana wallafa bincike akan batutuwa da dama da suka shafi al'ummar Romawa. Ƙungiyar ta ƙirƙira rahotannin ta ta amfani da hanyoyi masu yawa ciki har da aiki tare da babban hanyar sadarwa na lauyoyi, 'yan jarida, abokan bincike, ƙungiyoyi masu sa ido da ƙwararrun batutuwa masu dacewa. A wasu lokuta, ERRC tana taka rawar tallafi don bincike da ke faruwa a matakin gida ko ƙirƙirar rahotannin bincike waɗanda ke nazarin wallafe-wallafen da suka dace. 

Rahoton na 2004 "Roma a Ƙasar Tarayyar Turai" ya isa ga jama'a masu yawa na masu tsara manufofi kuma Babban Darakta na Ayyuka da Harkokin Jama'a na Hukumar Tarayyar Turai ne ya buga shi. Kungiyar ta ERRC ta rinjayi karuwar Tarayyar Turai ta hanyar matsa wa ƙasashen da ke takara lamba don su bi ka'idojin Copenhagen da kuma tabbatar da cewa lamarin Roma ya kasance wani muhimmin al'amari. Kungiyar ta kan bayar da rahoto ga kwamitocin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya irinsu kwamitin kawar da wariyar launin fata (CERD)      ko kuma kwamitin yaki da wariya ga mata (CEDAW)  ]  game da al'ummar Romawa. Yayin ɓarkewar cutar Coronavirus ta kwanan nan, ƙungiyar ta buga "Haƙƙin Romawa a lokacin Covid", wani zurfin bincike na nuna wariya da cin zarafi a cikin jihohin EU goma sha biyu a cikin shekarar 2020. 

### Shawarwari na ƙasa da ƙasa
A cikin shekarar 2016 ERRC ta zama ƙungiyar masu rinjaye na Roma, kuma a cikin shekarar 2018 ta ƙaddamar da ERRC Roma Rights Defenders, babban cibiyar sadarwar sa kai wacc ke ba da gudummawa ga ERRC da ayyukanta daban-daban. Wannan ya haɗa da ayyuka da yawa da suka haɗa da kamfen, aikin fage da kuma tsara kan layi. 

ERRC ita ce mai karɓar kyaututtukan haƙƙin ɗan adam da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da Kyautar 2007 Max van Der Stoel, Kyautar 2009 Gruber don Adalci,  Kyautar Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam na 2012 Stockholm, da lambar yabo ta 2018 Raoul Wallenberg. 

### Horar da hakkin dan Adam
Wani muhimmin sashi na aikin ERRC ya ƙunshi samar da horo da ayyukan ilimi ga masu fafutuka na Roma. Horon da ya gabata ya mayar da hankali kan haɓaka ƙarfin ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu waɗanda ke aiki tare da al'ummomin Roma, masu fafutuka waɗanda ke cikin ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin Romani da sauran waɗanda ke aiki a fagen ƙungiyoyin jama'a, haƙƙin ɗan adam da ƙararrakin dabara.  ERRC kuma ta gabatar da wasu nau'ikan horarwa, gami da zaman batutuwa guda ɗaya waɗanda ke mai da hankali kan wani batu kamar ƙaura, haƙƙin gidaje ko haƙƙin doka. An ba da horo a manyan garuruwa daban-daban na Turai. 

## Duba kuma

* Mutanen Roma
* al'ummar Romania da al'adu
* Roma a Mitrovica Camps
* Harshen Romani

## Manazarta