Ahmed Kathrada

**Ahmed Mohamed Kathrada** OMSG (21 ga Agusta 1929 - 28 Maris 2017), wani lokaci ana yi masa laƙabi da "**Kathy**", ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma mai fafutukar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata.

Shigar Kathrada a cikin ayyukan yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata na jam'iyyar ANC ta Afirka ta kai shi ga ɗaure shi na dogon lokaci bayan shari'ar Rivonia, inda aka tsare shi a tsibirin Robben da kurkukun Pollsmoor. Bayan an sake shi a shekarar 1990, an zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗan majalisa, mai wakiltar ANC. Ya rubuta littafi, *Babu Gurasa ga Mandela - Memoirs na Ahmed Kathrada, Fursuna No. 468/64*.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Ahmed Kathrada a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta 1929 a cikin ƙaramin garin Schweizer-Reneke a cikin Western Transvaal,  na huɗu cikin yara shida a cikin dangin Gujarati Bohra na iyayen ƙaura na Indiyawa na Afirka ta Kudu daga Surat, Gujarat. Da zarar ya tafi Johannesburg, shugabannin Transvaal Indian Congress sun rinjayi shi kamar Dr. Yusuf Dadoo, IC Meer, Moulvi da Yusuf Cachalia, da JN Singh. Saboda haka, ya zama ɗan gwagwarmayar siyasa tun yana ɗan shekara 12 lokacin da ya shiga ƙungiyar matasan gurguzu ta Afirka ta Kudu. Ya shiga cikin ayyuka daban-daban kamar ba da takardu da kuma yin aikin sa kai a cikin juriya na mutum ɗaya a kan Dokar Pegging a shekarar 1941. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II, ya shiga cikin yaƙin na Ƙungiyoyin Ƙasashen Turai ba na Turai ba. 

## Ɗan gwagwarmayar siyasa
A lokacin da yake da shekaru 17 ya bar makaranta don yin aiki na cikakken lokaci a Majalisar Resistance Transvaal Passive Resistance Council don yin aiki da Dokar Yankin Asiya da Wakilcin Indiya, wanda aka fi sani da "Dokar Ghetto", wanda ya nemi ba wa Indiyawa taƙaitaccen wakilci na siyasa da kuma ƙuntatawa inda Indiyawan zasu iya zama, kasuwanci da kuma mallakar ƙasa.

Kathrada na ɗaya daga cikin masu aikin sa kai dubu biyu da aka ɗaure sakamakon yakin neman zabe; ya shafe wata guda a gidan yarin Durban da ke ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu.  Wannan shi ne hukuncin ɗaurin na farko da aka yanke masa saboda rashin biyayya. Daga baya, an zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar Transvaal Indian Youth Congress.

Yayin da Kathrada yana ɗalibi a Jami'ar Witwatersrand an aika shi a matsayin wakilin Majalisar Matasan Indiya ta Transvaal zuwa bikin Matasa da Dalibai na Duniya na 3 a Gabashin Berlin a shekarar 1951.  An zaɓe shi a matsayin jagoran babbar tawagar 'yan asalin Afirka ta Kudu. Ya kasance a Turai don halartar taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya a Warsaw, kuma a ƙarshe ya yi tafiya zuwa Budapest kuma ya yi aiki a hedkwatar Ƙungiyar Matasan Dimokuraɗiyya ta Duniya na watanni tara.

Sakamakon ci gaban haɗin gwiwa tsakanin majalisun Afrika da na Indiya a shekarun 1950, Kathrada ya yi mu'amala ta kut-da-kut da shuwagabannin majalisar dokokin Afirka irin su Nelson Mandela da Walter Sisulu. Yana ɗaya daga cikin mutane 156 da ake tuhuma a shari’ar cin amanar ƙasa na shekaru huɗu da ta yi daga shekarar 1956 zuwa 1960. Daga ƙarshe dai ba a sami dukkan waɗanda ake tuhumar ba da laifi.

Bayan da aka dakatar da jam’iyyar ANC (Kungiyar Jama’ar Afirka) da sauran ƙungiyoyin yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata a shekarar 1960, Kathrada ya ci gaba da harkokinsa na siyasa duk da tsare shi da aka yi masa a lokuta da dama da kuma ƙara tsananta matakan tsare shi a gida. Don samun 'yancin ci gaba da ayyukansa, Kathrada ya shiga ƙarƙashin ƙasa a farkon shekara ta 1962.

## Shari'ar Rivonia
A ranar 11 ga watan Yulin 1963, an kama Kathrada a hedkwatar cikin gida ta Afirka ta Kudu ta *[[Umkhonto we Sizwe]]* ("The Spear of the Nation" - reshen soja na ANC) a Rivonia, kusa da Johannesburg. Ko da yake Kathrada ba ɗan ƙungiyar *Umkhonto we Sizwe* ba ne, amma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda ake tuhuma a shahararren kotun Rivonia, wacce aka fara a watan Oktoban 1963. An tuhume shi da laifin zagon ƙasa da yunkurin kifar da gwamnati da kuma fara yakin neman zaɓe. 

An ƙare shari'ar a watan Yuni 1964; An yanke wa Kathrada hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai tare da Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu, Govan Mbeki, Andrew Mlangeni, Billy Nair, Elias Motsoaledi, Raymond Mhlaba da Denis Goldberg.  Kathy shine ƙaramin fursuna (mai shekaru 34, a lokacin kamawar).

## Manazarta