Judith Lean

**Judith L. Lean** masaniyar kimiyyar hasken rana da yanayi ce ta Australiya-Amurka. Ita babbar masanin kimiyya ce a Cibiyar Nazarin Naval ta Amurka . Lean ta kasance mai karɓar lambar yabo ta NASA Group Achievement Award sau uku kuma zaɓaɓɓen memba da ɗan ƙungiyoyin ilimi da yawa.

## Ilimi
Lean ta kammala digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, tare da girmamawa, a Jami'ar Kasa ta Australiya a 1974 da kuma digirin digirin digirinta a fannin ilimin lissafi a Jami'an Adelaide a 1980.  An kira rubutun ta Atmospheric ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy . 

## Ayyuka
Lean ya yi aiki a Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyyar Muhalli da Cibiyar Binciken Bincike a Maryland. A shekara ta 1988, ta shiga Laboratory na Binciken Ruwa na Amurka (NRL) a matsayin masanin kimiyyar bincike a Sashen Kimiyya na sararin samaniya . Ita babbar masanin kimiyya ce don Binciken Tsarin Rana a NRL . 

### Bincike
Binciken Lean yana mai da hankali kan hanyoyin, ma'auni, ƙira, da hasashen bambance-bambance a cikin fitowar hasken rana a duk tsawon igiya, da kuma martani ga wannan bambancin yanayin duniya, yanayin tsakiya, da yanayin sararin samaniya da yanayi. Wannan binciken yana inganta fahimtar bambance-bambance a cikin yanayin aiki mai tsawo wanda zai iya shafar kadarorin Sojan Ruwa da ayyukan. Ta kasance mai bincike ga NASA da tallafin bincike na NOAA, gami da Satellite na Binciken Yanayi, Rayuwa tare da Tauraro, Sun-Earth Connection da Glory Science Team, da shirye-shiryen Kula da Bayanan Yanayi na NOAA. Lean mai bincike ne a kan ayyukan tauraron dan adam guda uku na NASA, Solar Radiation da Climate Experiment, Thermosphere Ionosphere Energetics da Dynamics, da kuma Solar Dynamics Observatory. A halin yanzu tana jagorantar NRL ta Integrating the Sun-Earth System (ISES) Accelerated Research Initiative . 

Lean ya rubuta ko kuma ya hada hannu da rubuce-rubuce 117 da aka yi wa mujallar da kuma taron taron 34 a cikin wallafe-wallafen kimiyya. Ta gabatar da gabatarwa sama da 290 a tarurrukan kimiyya, tarurruka, taro, da laccoci. Lean kuma ta kasance jagorar marubucin Rahoton Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPPC) , wanda aka amince da shi tare da Kyautar Zaman Lafiya ta Nobel ta 2007; ta yi aiki a kwamitocin NRC da NASA da yawa, gami da Binciken NRC Decadal na Kimiyya da Aikace-aikacen Duniya da Solar da Space Physics.

A cikin 2014, waɗannan takardun da aka zaɓa don bugawa a cikin Geophysical Research Letters Top 40 edition.

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An Biya takarda ta 1995, Lean ya bayyana, a lokacin da akwai hasashe da yawa game da yadda yawan bambancin hasken rana zai iya rinjayar canjin yanayi a cikin ƙarni na baya. Binciken da Lean, Beer, da Bradley suka yi ya ba da sabuwar hanya don kimanta canje-canjen da suka gabata a cikin jimlar da hasken rana na ultraviolet bisa ga bayanan zamani da aka lura daga tauraron dan adam, haɗe da kimantawa na bambancin hasken rana mai tsawo da aka ruwaito (a lokacin) a cikin Sun-like-stars. Tare da wannan sabon sake ginawa na hasken rana na tarihi tun daga shekara ta 1610, masana kimiyya za su iya kimanta gudummawar Sun ga canje-canjen zafin jiki na duniya. Lean da abokan aikinta sun gano cewa Rana na iya ba da gudummawa ga rabin canje-canje tun daga 1610 kuma ƙasa da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na canje-canje tunda 1970, sabanin binciken da ya gabata wanda ya nuna cewa Rana tana iya zama gaba ɗaya. Wannan yana nufin cewa bambancin hasken rana ba shine ainihin dalilin dumamar duniya a cikin shekarun da suka gabata ba. Tun daga takarda ta 1995, yawancin nazarin canjin yanayi sun yi amfani da sake fasalin irradiance don bincike iri-iri da kuma shigarwa ga simintin samfurin yanayi. Kodayake aikin da ya biyo baya tare da marubuta na NRL Yi-Ming Wang da Neil Sheeley tun daga lokacin sun sake fasalin girman canjin hasken rana a cikin ƙarni huɗu da suka gabata, an fara kafa tsarin gaba ɗaya da hanyar a cikin wannan takarda na GRL na 1995, wanda aka ambata fiye da sau 600.

## Kyaututtuka da girmamawa
An zabi Lean a matsayin Fellow na Ƙungiyar Geophysical ta Amurka a shekara ta 2002 kuma memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa a shekara ta 2003. An girmama ta da lambar yabo ta NASA Group Achievement Awards don SDO / EVE Science Team (2012) TIMED / SEE Science Team (2011) da UARS Instrument Development Group (1992), da kuma lambar yabo ta Shugaban kasa (2010). Lean memba ne na Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Geomagnetism da Aeronomy, Ƙungiyar Astronomical ta Amirka-Sashen Physics na Solar, Ƙungiyar Meteorological ta Amirka, da Ƙungiyar Physical ta Amirka. A shekara ta 2013, an zabi Lean a matsayin memba na American Philosophical Society . 

Ita ce mai karɓar Kyautar George Ellery Hale ta 2024 na American Astronomical Society, wanda aka ba ta "don karatun tushe a cikin bambancin hasken rana da tasirinsa a kan yanayin duniya da yanayi, a kan ma'auni na lokaci daga kwanaki zuwa ƙarni".h

## Manazarta