Ilimin halayyar musanta canjin yanayi

**ilimin halayyar musanta canjin yanayi** shine nazarin dalilin da ya sa mutane suka musanta cancin yanayi, duk da Yarjejeniyar kimiyya game da canjin yanayi. Wani binciken ya kimanta ra'ayi da aiki na jama'a game da canjin yanayi bisa tushen tsarin imani, kuma ya gano shingen tunani guda bakwai da ke shafar halayyar da in ba haka ba za su sauƙaƙa ragewa, daidaitawa, da kula da muhalli: fahimta, ra'ayoyin akida na duniya, kwatantawa da manyan mutane, farashi da ƙarfin zuciya, rashin gaskatawa ga masana da hukumomi, haɗarin canji, da rashin isasshen canje-canje na halayyar. Sauran dalilai sun haɗa da nisa a cikin lokaci, sarari, da tasiri.

Halin da ake yi game da canjin yanayi na iya haɗawa da damuwa, baƙin ciki, fidda rai, rashin tabbas, rashin tsaro, da damuwa, tare da wani masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam yana ba da shawarar cewa "damuwa game da canji na yanayi na iya shiga hanyar gyara shi. "  Ƙungiyar ilimin halayya ta Amurka ta bukaci masu ilimin halayyi da sauran masana kimiyyar zamantakewa suyi aiki a kan shingen halayyar mutum don ɗaukar mataki kan canjin yanayi.  Nan da nan na karuwar yawan abubuwan da suka faru na matsanancin yanayi ana zaton suna motsa mutane su magance canjin yanayi.

## Nau'o'in musantawa

### fadada ma'anar "rashin amincewa"
Tunanin "mai laushi" ko ƙin canjin yanayi ya zama sananne a tsakiyar shekarun 2010, amma bambance-bambance na wannan ra'ayi sun samo asali ne a baya. Wani labarin da Cibiyar Ilimi ta Kimiyya ta Kasa ta buga ya yi magana game da musantawa "a bayyane":

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2015, masanin muhalli Bill McKibben ya rubuta wani labari wanda ya soki manufofin Barack Obama na amincewa da Binciken man fetur a cikin Arctic, fadada hakar kwal, da kuma kasancewa ba tare da yanke shawara ba a kan bututun Keystone XL. McKibben ya rubuta cewa:

Amfani da kalmar "ƙin yarda" ta McKibben shine fadada ma'anar kalmar a cikin maganganun muhalli don haɗawa da "ƙin amincewa da muhimmancin ko sakamakon ma'ana na gaskiyar ko matsala; a wannan yanayin, abin da masu ba da shawara ke gani a matsayin manufofi masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke gudana daga haɗarin dumamar duniya. "

### Binciken musanta canjin yanayi mai laushi
Michael Hoexter, masanin kimiyya kuma mai ba da shawara game da dorewa, ya yi nazarin abin da ya faru na "karin canjin yanayi mai laushi" a cikin wata kasida ta Satumba 2016 don shafin yanar gizon New Economic Perspectives kuma ya fadada ra'ayin a cikin wata mai zuwa da aka buga a watan mai zuwa. Duk da kalmar da ta gabata, amfani na al'ada, an ba da Hoexter tare da bayyana manufar a hukumance. A cikin sharuddan Hoexter, musantawar yanayi "mai laushi" "yana nufin cewa mutum ya yarda a wasu sassan rayuwarsa cewa canjin yanayi na ainihi ne, bala'i kuma yana faruwa yanzu amma a mafi yawan wasu sassan rayuwa, mutum ya yi watsi da cewa dumamar duniya ta mutum, a zahiri, gaggawa ce ta gaske da bala'i. "  A cewar Hoexter ya yarda da yanayin yanayi mai laushi da kuma ƙarancin manufofin aikin yanayi wanda ke biye da shi na iya aiki azaman 'cikin ceton fuska' na yau da kullun' yanci-mai mai zurfi a cikin abin rufe fuska na yau da aka saba da kullun".

Ya kuma yi amfani da kalmar ga "ƙungiyoyin 'masu tsattsauran ra'ayi' waɗanda suka matsa don ƙarin matakan amsawa, amma "sau da yawa ko dai sun rasa alamar dangane da ƙalubalen yanayi da ke fuskantarmu ko kuma su lulluɓe kansu cikin dabarun sadarwa da 'memes' waɗanda ke iyakance tasirin su a kan siyasa da manufofi. "  A ra'ayin Hoexter, ƙin taushi kawai za a iya tserewa ta hanyar aiki tare, ba aikin mutum ko cimma burin ba. 

Ƙin yarda da canjin yanayi mai laushi (wanda kuma ake kira ƙin yarda da sauyin yanayi ko ƙin yarda) yanayin tunani ne wanda ke amincewa da kasancewar dumamar duniya a cikin abstract yayin da ya kasance, har zuwa wani mataki, a cikin ƙin yarda na tunani ko na ilimi game da gaskiyarsa ko tasirin. Ya bambanta da *musanta canjin yanayi* na al'ada, wanda ke nufin musantawa a bayyane game da wanzuwar dumamar yanayi, abubuwan da ke haifar da shi, ko tasirinsa (ciki har da tasirinsa akan al'ummar ɗan adam).

## Dalilan tunani na musantawa
Abubuwa daban-daban na tunanin mutum na iya tasiri ga tasirin sadarwa game da canjin yanayi, wanda ke haifar da yiwuwar musanta canjin yanayi. Shingen tunani, kamar motsin rai, ra'ayoyi da ɗabi'a suna nufin imanin ciki wanda mutum yake da shi wanda ke hana su kammala wani aiki. Masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam Robert Gifford ya rubuta a cikin 2011 "an hana mu da nau'o'i bakwai na shingen halayyar mutum, wanda aka fi sani da dodanni na rashin aiki: iyakance fahimta game da matsalar, ra'ayoyin ra'ayi na duniya waɗanda ke hana halayen muhalli da halayyar, kwatantawa da wasu manyan mutane, farashi da halayya, rashin jituwa ga masana da hukumomi, da aka fahimta haɗarin canji, da halayensu mai kyau amma bai dace ba. " 

Wani binciken da aka buga a cikin PLOS One a cikin 2024 ya gano cewa ko da maimaitawa guda ɗaya na da'awar ya isa ya kara gaskiyar da aka fahimta game da da da'awar da aka haɗa da kimiyyar yanayi da kuma da'awar shakku / musantawa na canjin yanayi - "yana nuna tasirin maimaitawa". An samo wannan tasirin har ma tsakanin masu goyon bayan kimiyyar yanayi.

Polarization a cikin muhawara game da canjin yanayi, tare da masu shakka suna lakafta masu goyon baya 'masu bala'i' da masu goyon baya suna kiran masu shakka 'masu musun,' suna nuna shingen tunani kamar nuna bambanci a cikin rukuni / waje da kuma nuna bambanci na tabbatarwa, wanda ke ƙarfafa ƙin yarda ta hanyar ƙarfafa asalin rukuni. Masu shakka galibi suna nuna nuna nuna nuna bambancin tabbatarwa ta hanyar rashin amincewa da kimiyyar yanayi, yayin da masu goyon baya na iya nuna amincewa da tsinkayen kimiyyar zamantakewa, dukansu suna hana daidaitattun fahimtar canjin yanayi. Ƙarin shingen fahimta shine zaton cewa canjin yanayi yana tasiri ga al'umma a cikin layi, hanya mara kyau, yana sauƙaƙa rikitarwa, yanayin da yawa na martani na al'umma da kuma ba da gudummawa ga labarun musantawa. Misali, girgizar kasa ta Ancash ta 1970 a Peru, wacce ta kashe 70,000 saboda dalilai na al'umma kamar ayyukan gine-gine marasa kyau, ya kwatanta nuna son zuciya inda masu musun ba su ba da haɗarin yanayi ga abubuwan da suka haifar da halitta, ba tare da la'akari da tasirin al'umma ba. 

### Tsakanin lokaci, sarari, da tasiri
Sau da yawa ana nuna canjin yanayi kamar yadda yake faruwa a nan gaba, ko nan gaba ne ko nan gaba. Kimanin da yawa suna nuna tasirin canjin yanayi kamar yadda yake faruwa a shekara ta 2050 ko 2100, wanda duka biyun suna da nisa sosai a lokaci fiye da yadda suke da gaske, wanda zai iya haifar da shingen karɓa. Har ila yau, akwai shingen da aka kirkira ta hanyar nesa da aka nuna a tattaunawar canjin yanayi. Tasirin da canjin yanayi ya haifar a duk faɗin duniya ba su da tabbas ga mutanen da ke zaune dubban mil, musamman idan ba su fuskanci wani sakamako. Canjin yanayi kuma yana da rikitarwa, ra'ayi mara kyau ga mutane da yawa, wanda zai iya haifar da shingen fahimta. Carbon dioxide iskar gas ce marar ganuwa, kuma tana haifar da canje-canje a cikin matsakaicin yanayin zafi na duniya, dukansu biyu suna da wahala, idan ba zai yiwu ba, ga mutum ɗaya ya gane. Saboda wadannan nisan a cikin lokaci, sarari, da tasiri, canjin yanayi ya zama batun da ke nesa, wanda ba ya buƙatar kulawa nan take.

Anthony Leiserowitz, darektan Shirin Yale kan Sadarwar Canjin Yanayi ya ce "kusan ba zai iya tsara mafi munin dacewa ga ilimin halayyarmu ko cibiyoyinmu na yanke shawara ba" fiye da magance canjin yanayi - saboda da farko ga gajeren lokaci na mutane da cibiyoyin su.