Ra'ayi mai sauƙi na karatu

**Ra'ayi mai sauƙi na karatu** shine cewa karatu shine samfurin fassara da fahimtar harshe.

A cikin wannan mahallin,

* "karatu" yana nufin "karatuwa",
* "decoding" shine kawai ganewar kalmomin da aka rubuta 
* da kuma " fahimtar harshe" yana nufin fahimtar harshe, ko ana magana ko rubuta.

**Fitarwa (D) x (Maganar Magana) Fahimtar Harshe (LC) = Fahimtar Karatu (RC) **

: (D) Decoding: Maida kalmomin da aka rubuta zuwa harshen magana 

: (LC) Fahimtar Harshe (sauraron): fahimtar ma'anar kalmomin a cikin mahallin (kamar an furta su da ƙarfi).

: (RC) *Fahimtar Karatu*: fahimtar ma'anar kalmomin da aka rubuta a cikin mahallin.

Don bayyana, duk wannan za a iya yi yayin yin karatu a shiru.

Daidaitawar ta tabbatar da wadannan:

* Idan mai karatu zai iya fassara kalmomi a cikin rubutu daidai kuma ya fahimci ma'anar waɗancan kalmomin a cikin mahallin, za su iya fahimtar rubutun (watau fahimtar karatu).
* Idan mai karatu zai iya fassara kalmomin daidai, amma bai fahimci ma'anar kalmomin a cikin mahallin ba, ba za su sami fahimtar karatu ba.  (misali Mai karatu wanda zai iya fassara kalmar "etymology" amma bai san abin da yake nufi ba, ba zai sami fahimtar karatu ba.) 
* Idan mai karatu ba zai iya fassara kalmomin daidai ba, duk *ba haka ba* fahimci ma'anar waɗancan kalmomin a cikin mahallin, ba za su sami fahimtar karatu ba.  (misali Mai karatu wanda ya san abin da tyrannosaurus rex yake, amma ba zai iya fassara kalmomin ba, ba zai sami fahimtar karatu ba.) 

Masana ilimin halayyar dan adam Philip Gough da William Tunmer ne suka bayyana ra'ayi mai sauƙi na karatu a shekarar 1986  kuma Wesley Hoover da Philip Gough ne suka gyara shi a shekarar 1990;  kuma ya haifar da gagarumin ci gaba a fahimtarmu game da fahimtar karatun.

## Tushen bincike

### Bugawa ta farko
Gough da Tunmer ne suka fara bayyana ra'ayi mai sauƙi a cikin labarin fasalin fitowar farko ta 1986 na mujallar Remedial and Special Education . Manufar su ita ce su kafa ka'idar da za a iya karyawa wacce za ta warware muhawara game da alaƙar da ke tsakanin ƙwarewar fassara da ikon karatu. Sun bayyana fassarar a matsayin ikon karanta kalmomin da aka ware "da sauri, daidai, da shiru" kuma sun dogara da ilimin rubutu tsakanin haruffa da sautunan su.

A cikin tsara ra'ayi mai sauƙi, Gough da Tunmer suna amsawa ga jayayya mai gudana tsakanin masu ilimin halayyar dan adam, masu bincike da masu ilimi game da gudummawar fassara ga fahimtar karatu. Wasu, kamar Ken Goodman (wanda aka ba da izini tare da ƙirƙirar ka'idar Dukkanin Harshe) sun rage rawar da fassarar ke takawa a cikin ƙwarewar karatu. Ya yi imanin cewa yana daya daga cikin alamomi da yawa da ƙwararrun masu karatu suka yi amfani da su a cikin "wasan ƙididdigar ilimin halayyar harshe. " Ya kalli fassarar a matsayin, a mafi kyau, samfurin ƙwararren karatu kuma ba a cikin ƙwarewar karatun ba kamar yadda Gough da Tunmer ke kiyayewa.

Wannan takaddamar ta kasance daya daga cikin abubuwan da aka sani da yaƙe-yaƙe na karatu, jerin muhawara masu tsawo da yawa game da fannoni na binciken karatu, koyarwa da manufofi a cikin karni na ashirin. A cikin gabatar da *ra'ayi mai sauƙi*, Gough da Tunmer sun yi fatan cewa amfani da Hanyar kimiyya zai warware muhawara game da alaƙar da ke tsakanin fassara da fahimta.

Baya ga samar da mayar da hankali ga muhawara game da fassara, marubutan sun ji *ra'ayi mai sauƙi* yana da mahimman fahimta game da nakasa ta karatu. Idan ikon karatu ya samo asali ne kawai daga samfurin fassara da fahimtar sauraro, nakasa ta karatu na iya haifar da hanyoyi daban-daban guda uku: rashin iya fassara (dyslexia), rashin iya fahimta (hyperlexia), ko duka biyun (wanda suke kira "nakasa iri-iri na karatu na lambu

## Manazarta