Ilimin halayyar yanayi

**Ilimin Halayyar Yanayi** wani bangarene wanda ke da niyyar ƙara fahimtarmu game da hanyoyin halayyar da ke faruwa don mayar da martani, ga canjin yanayi da tasirinsa. Har'ila yau,yana neman ingantattun hanyoyin ƙirƙira don yin hulɗa da jama'a game da canjin yanayi; bada gudummawa ga canji a matakin mutum,al'umma, al'adu,da siyasa; tallafawa masu gwagwarmaya, masana kimiyya da masu tsara manufofi don kawo canji mai tasiri; don haɓaka juriya ta tunanin mutum ga tasirin lalacewar canjin yanayi da ke faruwa yanzu da nan gaba.

## Ma'ana.
Ilimin halayyar yanayi na iya nufin:

* Tasirin canjin yanayi akan lafiyar kwakwalwa.
* Tasirin tunanin mutum na canjin yanayi.
* Abubuwan da ke kewaye da yanayin yanayi.
* Al'amuran ilimin halayyar dan adam da ke kewaye da sadarwa ta yanayi (duba Sadarwar Yanayi # Yin amfani da binciken daga ilimin halayya).
* Ilimin halayyar musanta canjin yanayi.

## Hanyar ilimi.
Ilimin halayyar yanayi shine hanyar da ta dace don bincike da aiki. Yana mai da hankali kan rashin son al'umma don ɗaukar mataki mai dacewa dangane da karuwar barazanar canjin yanayi. Yana da alama matsalar tana buƙatar zurfin hanyar, wanda ke nazarin juriyarmu ga sani da aiki, maimakon ganinshi a matsayin"rashin bayanai"da za'a bi dashi ta hanyar fahimta ko halayyar.Yana jaddada muhimmancin motsin zuciyar mutum, ainihi da tunanin al'adu. Bugu da ƙari,ya amince dabatun ɗanadam kamar yadda yake cikin mahallin zamantakewa da muhalli.

Don saduwa da manufofinta da haɓaka tsarinta,ilimin halayyar yanayi ya samo asaline daga ra'ayoyi masu yawa, gami da: wallafe-wallafen falsafar addinan duniya, zane-zane, bil'adama da tunanin tsarin.Babban tsarin ya dogarane akan al'adun psychotherapeutic daban-daban da nazarin zamantakewar al'umma, yana bawa masana ilimin halayyar yanayi damar fahimtar motsin zuciyar da ba'a saniba ko ba a sansu ba da kuma hanyoyin da ke rinjayar tunanin mutane,motsawa da halayyar. Wannan yashafi musamman ga waɗannan matakai waɗanda ke bayyana acikin mahallin al'umma da al'adu.

Ya zuwa 2020, horo na ilimin halayyar yanayi ya girma ya haɗada fannoni da yawa. Masana ilimin halayyar yanayi suna aiki tareda Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, gwamnatocin ƙasa da na gida, tareda kamfanoni, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, da mutane.

### Ilimin halayyar yanayi a aikace.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan,masu ilimin halayyar yanayi suna sauƙaƙawa ƙungiyoyin tallafi gamasu gwagwarmaya,musamman waɗanda ke aiki don tallafawa halaye na muhalli a duk faɗin al'umma.Har'ila yau suna haɓaka shirye-shirye,kamar binciken haɗin gwiwa,hanyar yin bincike game da abubuwan da suka faru na tunanin mutum,inda mahalarta ke da cikakken shiga kuma suna aiki a matsayin masu bincike,suna bada damar samun bayanai masu yawa, masu inganci.A watan Agustan 2022,masana kimiyya da abokan aikinsu sun taru don nuna rashin amincewa da tawaye a waje da Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci,Makamashi,da dabarun Masana'antu a London.A wannan lokacin,kamar yadda aka nuna a labarai,masana kimiyya da yawa na yanayi suna fama da lalacewar hankali kuma suna nuna alamun rikice-rikice da baƙin ciki.Masana ilimin halayyar yanayi a tsawon shekaru sun kalli ba kawai masana kimiyya ba ne kawai ke shiga cikin wannan canjin muhalli,suna ganin yadda ya shafi miliyoyin mutane.Suna tallafawa kungiyoyi ta hanyar ayyukan halayyar da karatu don taimakawa wajen samun cikakkun bayanai da fahimta daga mutum zuwa mutum a cikin waɗannan ƙungiyoyin masu gwagwarmaya.

Hukumar Kula da Cigaban Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Amurka (USAID),ta ba da rahoton cewa kimanin mutane miliyan 971 suna zaune a yankuna masu matsakaicin zuwa manyan haɗarin yanayi saboda cigaban masana'antu, amfani da muhalli,da yawan amfani,musamman a yankunan Asiya-Pacific da Kudancin Asiya.Dangane da batutuwan da matsalolin da suka haifar da canjin yanayi,Ƙungiyar Psychological Association of the Philippines (PAP) tana bada taimako na tunani a lokacin bala'o'i da abubuwan bala'i.Bugu da kari,masu ilimin halayyar dan adam a duk duniya suna ƙarfafa sadarwa da haɗi, don kula da musayar ilimi da ƙirƙirar al'umma na masu goyon bayan aikin yanayi don tabbatar da cewa duk mutane suna da damar samun taimako da abubuwan more rayuwa da ake buƙata a yankunan dake ƙarƙashin matsin lamba daga rikicin yanayi mai gudana.

Wani bincike a cikin 2021, ya gano cewa batutuwan lafiyar ƙwaƙwalwa da suka shafi canjin yanayi,sun gane ta hanyar masana halayyar ɗan adam da masu maganin halayyar mutum na Poland.

## Canjin yanayi da kariya ta tunani.
Rashin gujewa yana da manyan nau'o'i uku: gwagwarmaya mai aiki, wanda shine mataki kai tsaye da aka dauka don magance halin da ake ciki; karɓa, wanda shine fahimtar fahimta da motsin rai na abubuwan da ke cikin damuwa; da sake fassara, wanda ya haɗa da ilmantarwa ko sake fasalin kirki. Hakanan za'a iya yin bambanci tsakanin jimrewa da jimrewa. Ana yin jimrewa da sauri, wanda aka fi sani da daidaitawa na tsinkaye ko shirye-shiryen tunani, a cikin tsammanin wani taron. A gefe guda, ana yin jimrewa a lokacin ko bayan taron.

Masana ilimin halayyar dan adam suna la'akari da yadda martani na jimrewa zai iya zama mai daidaitawa ko rashin dacewa, ba kawai da mutum ba har ma da yanayin da ke da fa'ida da muhalli. Fiye da haka, amsoshin suna inganta gyare-gyare na tunani mai kyau kuma suna motsa aikin da ya dace da daidaitaccen muhalli, ko kuma suna aiki don tabbatar da mutum a cikin rashin aikinsu kuma suna ba su damar guje wa canje-canje masu mahimmanci?

## Hanyoyin zamantakewa da zamantakewa
Hanyar zamantakewar al'umma ga ilimin halayyar yanayi tana nazarin hulɗa tsakanin ciki, abubuwan halayyar mutum da na waje, abubuwan zamantakewa da al'adu- kamar dabi'u, imani, da ka'idoji- a cikin martani na mutane ga canjin yanayi. Bugu da ƙari, yana ba da hanyar da ta dace don fahimtar kwarewar rayuwa na batutuwan bincike, wanda masu bincike ke neman bincika yadda sauyin yanayi da lalacewar muhalli ke fuskanta ta ƙungiyoyi daban-daban a duk faɗin al'umma. A wannan yanayin, 'kwarewar rayuwa' tana nufin ji, tunani da tunanin da ma'anar ma'anar da ke shafar kuma ana haifar da waɗannan abubuwan.  

Amsawa game da rikice-rikicen yanayi mai zuwa shine abubuwan da suka faru na zamantakewar al'umma, waɗanda al'adu suka ba da izini kuma suna kiyayewa ta hanyar zamantakewar al-adu da tsarin, ba kawai hanyoyin tunani ba. Misali, cinikin jama'a na zamani yana da alaƙa da bukatun tattalin arzikin duniya, duk da haka yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da canjin yanayi. An ba da shawarar cewa wannan "al'adun rashin kulawa" yana yin aikin akida, yana kare masu amfani daga fuskantar damuwa da damuwa mai yawa da rashin jin daɗi na ɗabi'a.

Hanyoyin al'adu kuma suna tallafawa hanyoyin da za a iya rage karfin da za a samu ta hanyar wayar da kan jama'a game da barazanar da za a yi. Wadannan sun hada da karfi, al'adun al'adu kamar su cancanta, banbanci, da bangaskiya a ci gaba. Hakki shine imani cewa wasu kungiyoyi ko jinsuna sun cancanci fiye da wasu kuma an saka su cikin dangantakar da ba ta dace ba da ke mulkin al'ummomin ɗan adam masu tasowa da haɓaka. Musamman shine ra'ayin cewa jinsin mutum, al'umma, kabilanci ko mutum na musamman ne sabili da haka an wanke shi daga dokokin da suka shafi wasu, yana ba da lasisi don karya iyakokin halitta na amfani da albarkatu. Bangaskiya a ci gaba, muhimmin bangare na akidar bayan masana'antu, yana haifar da tabbacin cewa kimiyya da fasaha na iya warware kowane matsala, saboda haka yana ƙarfafa tunanin da ake so da kuma kyakkyawan fata.

## Tarihi
Asalin ilimin halayyar yanayi za a iya gano shi zuwa aikin masanin ilimin halayya Harold Searles da aikinsa a kan abubuwan da ba a sani ba waɗanda ke tasiri ga nisantar mutane daga sauran yanayi. Har ila yau, fannin Ecopsychology da kuma jaddada dangantakar mutane da duniyar halitta sun rinjayi shi sosai. Saboda karuwar karɓar al'umma game da haɗarin canjin yanayi, an sami sha'awar fahimtar hanyoyin halayyar da ke haifar da juriya ga ɗaukar mataki mai dacewa, kuma musamman, abin da ya faru na musanta canjin yanayi. Kwanan nan, tushen wallafe-wallafen da masana ilimin halayyar yanayi suka fara mayar da hankali kan motsin rai mai karfi da ke da alaƙa da canjin yanayi da asarar halittu na duniya.

## Dubi kuma
 

* Ilimin halayyar halittu
* Tasirin canjin yanayi akan lafiyar kwakwalwa
* Ilimin Muhalli
* Rashin tausayi na muhalli
* Ilimin halayyar musanta canjin yanayi

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje
* Masana ilimin halayyar yanayi
* Kungiyar Kimiyyar Yanayi
* Masana ilimin halayyar dan adam don Yanayi Mai Tsaro
* Yanayi da Zuciya