Shahidan Uganda

**Shahidan Uganda** rukuni ne na mabiya darikar Katolika 22 da Anglican 23 da suka tuba zuwa Kiristanci a masarautar Buganda, a yanzu yanki ne na Uganda, wadanda aka kashe a tsakanin 31 ga Janairu 1885 da 27 ga Janairu 1887.  

An kashe su ne bisa umarnin Mwanga II, *Kabaka* (Sarkin) na Buganda . Mutuwar ta faru ne a daidai lokacin da ake gwagwarmayar addini ta hanyoyi uku don samun tasirin siyasa a kotun masarautar Buganda. Har ila yau, lamarin ya faru ne a kan tushen " Scramble for Africa " - mamayewa, mamayewa, rarraba, mulkin mallaka da kuma mamaye yankin Afirka daga hannun turawa.  Bayan ƴan shekaru bayan, Ƙungiyar Mishan na Cocin Ingila ta yi amfani da mutuwar don neman goyon bayan jama'a ga Birtaniya na mallakar Uganda don Daular .  Cocin Katolika ta lallasa shahidan Katolika 22 na Uganda a shekara ta 1920 kuma Paparoma Paul na shida ya nada su a 1964 a cocin St. Peter's Basilica da ke Rome.  

## Magana

Bugawa a Biritaniya na wasiƙar 1875 da ke nuna gayyata ce daga Kabaka Muteesa I, don aika masu mishan, ya haifar da isowar Alexander Mackay na Ƙungiyar Mishan na Cocin Anglican zuwa Buganda a 1877. Ƙungiya ta White Uban Katolika na Faransa, jagorancin Père Simon Lourdel (Fr. Mapera) ya bayyana bayan shekaru biyu. ’Yan kasuwa Larabawa daga Zanzibar sun shigar da Musulunci cikin masarautar.  Wannan ya haifar da gwagwarmayar addini ta hanyoyi uku don tasirin siyasa a kotun masarautar Buganda.  A tsakiyar 1880s, da yawa sun tuba ta kowane ɗayan ƙungiyoyi uku, kuma wasu daga cikin waɗanda suka tuba sun rike mukamai masu mahimmanci a fadar sarki.  Shi kansa Muteesa ya ji tausayin Musulunci, amma da yawa daga cikin manyan sarakuna sun zama Kiristoci. 

Kabaka Mwanga II ya ci sarauta a shekara ta 1884. Ya damu da yadda addinin Kiristanci ke karuwa da kuma karuwar sabbin jami’ai, wanda ya bambanta da sarakunan gargajiya, wadanda suka yi ilimi, suna da tsarin addini, da kuma fatan kawo gyara ga al’ummar Ganda.  Mallakar da Jamus ta yi wa ƙasar Tanzaniya a yanzu ya ƙara tayar da hankali. Shekara guda da zama sarki ya ba da umarnin a kashe Yusufu Rugarama, Makko Kakumba, da Nuwa/Noah Serwanga, waɗanda suka koma Kiristanci.  Firayi ministansa ya ƙarfafa shi, a ranar 29 ga Oktoba 1885 ya sa aka kashe Bishop na Anglican mai shigowa James Hannington a kan iyakar gabashin masarautarsa. Watakila an yi hakan ne da gangan don aikewa Birtaniya sako cewa ba ya son su shiga Uganda. Ana kuma zargin cewa kisan da aka yi wa Bishop James Hannington ya faru ne saboda wata tatsuniya a lokacin cewa makiya da za su rusa Masarautar za su fito daga Gabas, alkiblar da Bishop din ya fito. Don haka Kabaka ya sa sarki Luba na masarautar Busoga a Gabas ya kashe Bishop.  Mwanga ya yi, duk da haka, daga baya, ya nada kiristoci da yawa zuwa muhimman mukamai na soja. 

## Kisa a cikin 1885-86

A shekara ta 1886 Mwanga ya ba da umarnin a kashe da yawa daga cikin mambobin kotunan sarki saboda kin amincewa da bukatunsa na addini, wanda ya gani a matsayin rashin biyayya. Heike Behrend ya ce dukkansu Kiristoci ne da Musulmai wadanda suka tuba; Wasu majiyoyin kuma suna magana ne kawai kan wadanda aka kashe a Anglican da Katolika, kuma sun ambaci kisan musulmi da ya faru shekaru goma da suka gabata a hannun mahaifin Mwanga Muteesa.  Joseph Mukasa, wanda ya tuba zuwa Kiristanci wanda ya nuna rashin amincewa da kisan Hannington, kuma ya yi kokarin kare shafukan kotun, shi ne na farko da aka kashe a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba 1885:  wannan ya kasance a gaban Katikkiro (Firayim Minista) Mukasa, wanda aka sa ran magajin Joseph Mukasa ya zama sarki.  Sannan, tsakanin 25 ga Mayu zuwa 3 ga Yuni 1886, an aiwatar da kisa da yawa.   Mwanga ya ba da umarnin kashe duk samarin da suka yi masa rashin biyayya - wani bangare na biyan bukatun manyan sarakuna. 22 daga cikin mutanen da suka koma Katolika, an kona su da ransu a Namugongo a shekara ta 1886.

"Har yanzu ana muhawara sosai kan dalilan da suka haddasa fitina," in ji Behrend.  Abubuwan siyasa tabbas sun taka rawa. Wadanda aka kashe sun hada da kananan sarakuna, wasu daga cikinsu, irin su Joseph Mukasa, “wadanda manyansu ne suka yi musu bacin rai.&nbsp;... kishin cewa wadannan samari masu tasowa da masu zuwa za su kore su daga mulki."   Ward ya bayar da hujjar cewa abin da ya sa hakan shi ne tunanin cewa "waɗannan Kiristoci 'yan tawaye ne ga Kabaka, kayan aikin mulkin mallaka na ƙasashen waje". 

Wani mai shaida a taron, limamin mishan na Faransa Lourdel, ya yi la’akari da cewa babban dalilin shi ne yadda Mwanga yake ji na raina shi da Kiristoci masu karatu da suke da’awar sanin addini. Lourdel ya ba da a matsayin dalili na biyu na matakin Mwanga, kin amincewa da shafukan don biyan bukatun sarauta na gargajiya na yin jima'i.  Sarkin, wanda bisa ga al'ada yana da ikon rai da mutuwa a kan talakawansa, ya fusata da wannan ƙin yin biyayya ga nufinsa na yin lalata da shi. 

Marie de Kiewet-Hemphill ta ƙarasa da cewa, abin da ya faru nan da nan, idan ba dukan abin da ya faru ba, don haka ne ƙin shafuffukan su ba da kansu ga Mwanga  Roland Oliver ya ki amincewa da ƙiyayya ga Kiristanci a matsayin dalili mai kyau, tun da bai bayyana dalilin da ya sa Mwanga ya dauki mataki a kan waɗannan samari ba kuma ba a kan manyan sarakuna da mata a cikin tuba ba.  Sylvia Antonia Nannyonga-Tamusuza ta ja hankali ga wannan batu.  JP Thoonen a cikin littafinsa game da tambayar ya yarda da binciken Kiewet-Hemphill, yayin da yake fahimtar wanzuwar wasu dalilai na siyasa.  Musamman yadda wasu daga cikin waɗanda suka yi watsi da imaninsu suka tsira daga mutuwa. " 

A cikin makon da ya kai ga zartar da hukuncin kisa, Kirista Matthias Gayinga ya yi watsi da bukatar na kusa da Mwanga, Musulmi Lutaya, wanda sarkin ya aike shi da shi domin yin hakan. Don haka an hukunta shi mai tsanani, ko da yake ba a kashe shi ba. An bayyana matsayinsa a matsayin "kyakkyawan ƙi" ta ɗan mishan na Ingila AP Ashe, wanda daga baya ya ce ya haifar da tartsatsi ga abubuwan da suka faru a baya. Matakin nasa ya biyo bayan kin amincewa da wani sabon tuba, Anatole Kirrigwajjo, ya amince da nadin mukami mai girma "wanda kawai zai iya motsa jiki a cikin hatsarin ransa". 

Yayin da yawancin shafukan Kiristanci sukan shirya bacewa lokacin da Mwanga ya bukace su, ko kuma ya ki yarda da nemansa ta jima'i kai tsaye, wani shafi Muwafi ya yi biyayya. An ce Mwanga ya kama wani shafi yana koyar da addinin Kiristanci ga Muwafi. Mwanga yana ganin hakan a matsayin wani yunƙuri na "ƙwace masa abin wasan da ya fi so kuma ya zuwa yanzu a ko da yaushe mai biyayya, ta hanyar koya masa addinin da ya sa suka fi son mutuwa fiye da miƙa wuya".     Mwanga ya tara shafukan kuma ya nemi wadanda suka yi addu'a su tsaya gefe guda. Wadannan, wadanda akasarinsu suna tsakanin shekaru 15 zuwa 30, an yi tafiya mai nisa don aiwatar da hukuncin kisa ta hanyar kona su da ransu. Ta wurin nuna ƙarfin hali da Kiristanci ya nema, sun taimaka wajen kawar da duk wani tunanin cewa sabon addinin bai dace da akidun gargajiya na jarumtaka ba. 

## Sakamakon siyasa
Masu tuba, aƙalla ’yan Katolika, an koya musu cewa suna cikin haɗarin shahada.  ‘Yan jaridu na lokacin sun bayyana su a matsayin shahidai.   Irin wannan bayanin ya bayyana kuma, ba shakka, a cikin wallafe-wallafen addini, duka Furotesta, kamar mujallar mai mishan Mackay da aka buga a cikin *Intellegener* na 1886,  da Katolika, irin su asusun mishan Lourdel, Denoit, da Delmas da aka buga a cikin *Enquête dangi au shahidi des chrétiens: Ste Marie des s chrétiens: Ste Marie de Rubagas, Bu8s Cathoques, Bu8, Bu8,* da kuma *St.* 18 (1886). 

Labarin abin da Mwanga ya yi ya jawo cece-kuce a Biritaniya. Wasu suna ganin alamar rashin amfanin ƙoƙarin mishan a Buganda, wasu kuma kira ne ga sabon ƙoƙarin. *The Times* na 30 Oktoba 1886, yana ambaton ƙa'idar, "jinin shahidai shine zuriyar Ikilisiya", ya ce: "A kan nasarar gwajin Uganda, tare da canjin yanayi mai kyau da kuma mummunan yanayi, ya dogara da farin ciki na ciki na babban nahiyar na tsawon tsararraki."  Wannan tunanin ya ci gaba da zama yakin neman shiga Birtaniya a yankin. 

A cikin watan Satumba na 1888, Mwanga ya yi shirin kawar da sauran shugabannin Kirista da Musulmi ta hanyar barin su da yunwa a wani tsibiri a cikin tafkin Victoria mai cike da kada. Labarin shirin nasa ya fito fili kuma tawaye daga Kiristoci da Musulmai tare ya kawo dan uwan Mwanga Kiweewa kan karagar mulki. A cikin Oktoba 1888, Musulmai suka kwace mulki, suka kori shugabannin Kirista kuma, lokacin da Kiweewa ya ƙi a yi masa kaciya, ya kore shi kuma ya kashe shi, ya maye gurbinsa da wani ɗan'uwa, Kalema . A cikin Disamba 1888, Mwanga ya sami goyon baya daga Kiristoci kuma a cikin Afrilu 1889 ya ci gaba da babban birnin Buganda. An yi galaba a kansa, amma sojojin Kirista karkashin jagorancin shugaban Furotesta Apollo Kaggwa, sun sake karbe babban birnin, wanda ya baiwa Mwanga damar shiga cikinta da nasara a ranar 11 ga Oktoban 1889. Musulmai sun fake a daular Bunyoro da ke makwabtaka da su, wanda ya taimaka musu su dawo da nasara a watan Nuwamba 1889, amma sun sha mugun kaye a watan Fabrairun 1890 kuma suka sake komawa Bunyoro.

A cikin 1888, hukumomin Burtaniya sun ba da izini ga Kamfanin Imperial British East Africa Company (IBEAC) don gudanar da yankin Gabashin Afirka da aka ba Biritaniya a cikin yarjejeniyar 1886 da Jamus. A cikin Nuwamba 1889, Mwanga ya tambayi wakilin kamfanin Frederick Jackson don taimako. Jackson ya yi jinkirin karɓar buƙatar, saboda an ba shi umarnin kada ya shiga Buganda. Carl Peters, wakilin kamfanin Jamus mai kama da juna, da sanin roko na Mwanga, ya yanke shawarar mayar da martani. Ya isa Mengo, sabon babban birnin Mwanga, makwanni biyu bayan fatattakar musulmi a watan Fabrairun 1890. Tun da har yanzu waɗannan suna ba da barazana, Mwanga ya karɓi tayin da ya yi na yarjejeniya. Daga nan sai Jackson ya zo ya ba da wata yarjejeniya, wanda Mwanga ya ƙi, tun da har ’yan mishan na Ingila sun ɗauki sharuɗɗansa da yawa.

Yarjejeniyar da Peters ya yi da Mwanga ta rushe ta hanyar yarjejeniyar Heligoland-Zanzibar tsakanin Birtaniya da Jamus, wadda ta shimfida layin da ke tsakanin yankunan da suke da tasiri a gabashin Afirka, wanda ya bar Buganda a cikin yankin Birtaniya da kuma mayar da tsakiyar sha'awar daga gabar teku zuwa gaba.  Hukumar ta IBEAC ta aika Frederick Lugard, shugabanta na soja, zuwa Mengo, inda a watan Disamba 1890 ya samu Mwanga ya amince da yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu da kamfanin. Wannan yarjejeniya ta yi amfani ga Mwanga lokacin da musulmin Bunyoro suka sake yin wani yunƙuri na maido da mulki. Takaddama tsakanin mabiya darikar Katolika da na Furotesta ya haifar da fada a watan Janairun 1892 a Mengo. Lugard ya goyi bayan ‘yan Furotesta akan bangaren Katolika mai karfi a fadan, wanda ya tilastawa Mwanga da Katolika gudu. Lugard ya yi nasarar shawo kan Mwanga ya dawo daga yankin Jamus, inda ya fake, zuwa Mengo a ranar 30 ga Maris 1892 da kuma kulla sabuwar yarjejeniya. Wannan yarjejeniya ta sanya yankuna daban-daban ga Furotesta (mafi girman yanki), Katolika, da (ƙananan yanki kawai) Musulmai; Mwanga da kansa ya zama Furotesta. 

Tare da taimakon ƙungiyar Mishan na Coci, waɗanda suka yi amfani da mutuwar shahidan su don samun goyon bayan jama'a a Biritaniya don samun Uganda, Lugard ya yi nasarar hana Firayim Minista William Ewart Gladstone da majalisarsa daga barin Uganda.  An mayar da ikon IBEAC zuwa Masarautar Biritaniya a ranar 1 ga Afrilu 1893 kuma a ranar 27 ga Agusta 1894 Mwanga ya yarda cewa an mai da Buganda kariyar Burtaniya. Duk da haka, a ranar 6 ga Yuli 1897 ya ayyana yaki a kan Birtaniya. An ci nasara a ranar 20 ga Yuli a Buddu (a gundumar Masaka ta yau), yankin da aka ba Katolika a cikin yarjejeniyar 1892, ya sake gudu zuwa Jamus ta Gabas ta Afirka . An sanar da tsige shi a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta. Bayan yunƙurin maido da mulkinsa bai yi nasara ba, an kai shi gudun hijira a cikin 1899 zuwa Seychelles, inda aka karɓe shi cikin Cocin Anglican . Ya rasu a shekara ta 1903, yana da shekaru 35. 

## girmama Cocin Katolika

A cewar Heike Behrend, bayan mutuwar, Cocin Katolika ta yi amfani da lamarin wajen sanya wadanda abin ya shafa ya zama abin da ya fi mayar da hankali ga " kungiyar shahidai".  A cikin 1897 Archbishop Henri Streicher ya kafa kungiyar Shuhada ta Uganda don shiga aikin bishara. Wasu surori na Guild sun zama siyasa a cikin 1950s. Karkashin tasirin Harkar Charismatic, daga baya ta ci gaba zuwa wani muhimmin yunkuri na yaki da maita a Tooro. 

Karramawar da aka bai wa shahidan Uganda a wasu wurare a Afirka yana taimaka wa addinin Katolika na Afirka, alal misali a Senegal, inda cocin da aka gina a 1890 ya ƙunshi kayan tarihinsu kuma inda akwai majami'u da yawa da aka keɓe ga Kizito, ƙaramin adadinsu. 

Paparoma Benedict XV ya buge Charles Lwanga, Matiya Mulumba, da abokansu ashirin a ranar 6 ga watan Yuni 1920, kuma Paparoma Paul na shida ya nada su a ranar 18 ga Oktoba 1964.  A cikin bikin nada shahidan Katolika, Paparoma Paul ya kuma ambaci Anglicans, yana mai cewa: “Hakika, ba ma so mu manta da sauran waɗanda, na ikirari na Anglican, suka fuskanci mutuwa cikin sunan Kristi.”  Papal Mass canonizing su ne sananne kamar yadda na ƙarshe lokacin da aka yi irin wannan bikin a cikin Tridentine a St. Peter's Basilica. Birnin Vatican ya ba da wani sawun tambarin aikawasiku a cikin shekara mai zuwa don tunawa da canonization.  Ranar idin 3 ga Yuni na Charles Lwanga da wasu goma sha biyun da suka mutu a ranar 3 ga Yuni 1886 an haɗa su a cikin kalandar Janar na Roman, yayin da sauran shahidai tara ke tunawa da *shahidan Roman* a kan kwanakin mutuwarsu.

An gina Basilica na Shahidai Uganda a Namugongo a cikin 1968. Tun daga 1980s ya zama wurin da ake gudanar da manyan ayyukan hajji, kuma an sanar da shirye-shiryen fadada manyan ayyuka a cikin 2014. 

Santi Martiri dell'Uganda a Poggio Ameno, coci a Roma sadaukarwa ga shahidan Ugandan, aka keɓe a 1980 kuma ya zama titular coci a 1988.  

A cikin 1993, Babban Taron Episcopal na Uganda ya kafa jami'a mai suna bayan Shahidai Uganda, wacce ta karɓi takardar shaidar farar hula a 2005. 

A cikin 2014, Uganda ta yi bikin cika shekaru 50 tun lokacin da Shahidai Uganda suka zama kanti kuma Paparoma Paul VI ya ɗaukaka su zuwa tsarki a ranar 18 ga Oktoba 1964.  Wurin bautar shahidan Munyonyo abin tunawa ne na godiya don nada su. A ranar 3 ga Mayu 2015 ne Papal Nuncio na Uganda, Archbishop Michael A. Blume, da Cardinal Emmanuel Wamala suka kaddamar da aikin. Sake haɓakawa ya haɗa da gina sabon wurin ibada na coci, gidan kayan tarihi, ofisoshi, da wuraren shahada na tsarkaka. 

### Jerin shahidai Katolika guda 22

#### Shahidai biyu na Paimol
Akwai kuma shahidai guda biyu 'yan Uganda na wani lokaci, waɗanda suka mutu a Paimol a 1918 kuma aka yi musu duka a 2002.  Wadannan ba a riga an sanya su ba.

Shahidai Daudi Okelo da Jildo Irwa wasu matasa ’ yan Catechis ne daga Uganda. Sun kasance daga kabilar Acholi, wani yanki na babban rukunin Luo . Sun rayu kuma sun yi shahada a cikin shekaru nan da nan bayan kafa aikin Kitgum ta Comboni Mishaneri a 1915. 

## Anglicanism
Ana tunawa da Shahidai 23 na Uganda a Cocin Ingila tare da tunawa da ranar 3 ga Yuni.   A lokacin bikin tunawa da shahidan Uganda, Cocin Ingila ya hada da Archbishop Janani Luwum, wanda wasu makarraban Idi Amin suka kashe a shekarar 1977; Suna kuma bikin Luwum daban a ranar 16 ga Fabrairu.

## Waƙoƙin Katolika da aka haɗa game da Shahidan Uganda da rayuwarsu
A ranar shahadar shahidan Uganda a ranar 18 ga Oktoban 1964, kungiyar mawakan Uganda ta kusan mutane 100 da Joseph Kyagambiddwa ya jagoranta sun rera wakoki wadanda suka kunshi shahidan Uganda da tafiyarsu ta imani.  Joseph Kyagambiddwa ya rubuta kuma ya tsara waƙoƙi 22 game da marit Uganda. 

Kade-kade da wake-wake da aka yi game da ma'auratan Uganda sun hada da;

* " **Karoli Lwanga Wuuno Omulwanyi** " (wanda aka fassara shi da Lwanga, jarumin addini marar nasara). 
* " **Kizito Omuto ye wange** " wanda aka fassara shi da "Young Kizito nawa ne". 
* " **Abagalagala b'embuuza** " wanda aka fassara shi da sako-sako da "Ina masu gadin sarauta" 
* " **Mulinnya lya Patri** " wanda aka fassara shi da sako-sako da "A cikin sunan uba" 
* **1975 Marytrs** waƙar Yusufu Byngwa. 
* **Mukulike Abazira** by Godfrey Lubuulwa
* **Bayuguuma Ekibuga** na Pastor Simeon Kayiwa. 
* **Abajulizi** by Kato Ssekandi. 
* **Abalamazi** na Gabriel Bulindwa. 
* **Babalangaki** by Gerald Kiweewa. 
* **Bakikola** by John Ntale. 
* **Omulanga gwa Mapeera** by Emmanuel Ssekidde. 

## A cikin shahararrun al'adu
An nuna shahidan Uganda a wani bangare na fim din *Miliyoyin* .  A faifan faifan faifan fim din an ambaci cewa daya daga cikin jaruman da suka yi shahada ya yi ikirarin cewa shi zuriyar daya daga cikin shahidan ne.  A shekara ta 2015 Posta Uganda ta fitar da tambarin aikawasiku da aka saita a kan bikin cika shekaru 50 a shekara ta 2014 da nada shahidan Uganda. 

## Yuni 2025 'Yan tawayen Uganda sun kai harin kunar bakin wake
A ranar 3 ga watan Yunin 2025, an kashe 'yan tawayen Uganda biyu a lokacin da wata 'yar kunar bakin wake ta tayar da bam a kusa da wurin ibadar shahidan Munyonyo da ke wajen Kampala . An kai harin ne a lokacin bikin ranar shahada . 'Yan tawayen biyu ne kawai aka kashe. 

## Wuraren ibada
Wuraren shahidan Uganda a Uganda sun hada da:

* Namugongo shahidan shrine dake cikin gundumar Wakiso
* St. Andrew Kaggwa (Kahawa) shrine a gundumar Hoima. 
* St. Anatole Kiriggwajjo shrine a gundumar Hoima. 
* St. Adolf Mukasa Ludigo shrine a gundumar Fort portal. 
* Busega Tunawa da Shahidai

## Magana

## Mahada
* Biographical sketches of memorable Christians of the past
* Encyclopædia Britannica Online
* Uganda Martyrs' Shrine, Namugongo
* Uganda Martyrs' Shrine, Munyonyo
* The Uganda Martyrs from the August 2008 issue of ''The Word Among Us'' magazine