Alice Stone Blackwell

**Alice Stone Blackwell** (14 ga Satumba, 1857 - 15 ga Maris, 1950) 'yar asalin Amurka ce, mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, kuma mai ba da shawara kan haƙƙin ɗan adam.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Blackwell a Gabashin Orange, New Jersey ga Henry Browne Blackwell da Lucy Stone, dukansu shugabannin sufuri ne kuma sun taimaka wajen kafa Ƙungiyar Mata ta Amirka (AWSA). Ta kuma kasance 'yar uwar Elizabeth Blackwell, likitan mata na farko a Amurka.[1] Mahaifiyarta ta gabatar da Susan B. Anthony ga ƙungiyar kare hakkin mata kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta sami digiri na kwaleji a Massachusetts, ta farko da za ta riƙe sunanta bayan ta yi aure, kuma ta farko da da ta yi magana game da haƙƙin mata na cikakken lokaci.[2]

Blackwell ta yi karatu a makarantar Harris Grammar School a Dorchester, Makarantar Chauncy a Boston da Abbot Academy a Andover . Ta halarci Jami'ar Boston, inda ta kasance shugabar aji, kuma ta kammala a 1881, tana da shekaru 24. Ta kasance cikin ƙungiyar Phi Beta Kappa . 

## Ayyuka
Blackwell an san ta sosai saboda aikinta game da haƙƙin mata. Da farko ta yi tsayayya da dalilin mahaifiyarta da mahaifinta, daga baya ta zama fitacciyar mai gyarawa. Bayan kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Boston, Alice ta fara aiki don *Jaridar Mata,* takarda ta fara ne daga iyayenta. A shekara ta 1884, sunanta ya kasance tare da iyayenta a kan takardar takarda. Bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarta a shekara ta 1893, Alice ta ɗauki kusan alhakin gyara takarda.

A shekara ta 1890, ta taimaka wajen sulhunta Ƙungiyar Mata ta Amirka da Ƙungiyar Mata ta Kasa, ƙungiyoyi biyu masu fafatawa a cikin ƙungiyar mata, a cikin Ƙungiyar Mata Ta Amurka (NAWSA).  Wannan motsi ya rabu a 1869 game da rikice-rikice game da matakin da ya kamata a haɗa mata da zaɓen maza na Afirka. Wannan rabuwa ta haifar da AWSA, wanda iyayenta suka taimaka wajen shirya, da kuma Ƙungiyar Mata ta Kasa (NWSA), karkashin jagorancin Susan B. Anthony da Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Daga 1890 zuwa 1908, Alice Stone Blackwell ita ce sakataren rikodin NAWSA kuma a cikin 1909 da 1910 ɗaya daga cikin masu binciken ƙasa. Ta kasance sananniya a cikin ayyukan Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Kirista ta Mata . A cikin 1903, ta sake tsara Society of Friends of Russian Freedom a Boston .

Ta kuma kasance shugabar kungiyar New England da Massachusetts Woman Suffrage da kuma shugabar girmamawa ta Massachusetts League of Women Voters . 

Daga baya, Blackwell ya makance. Ta mutu a ranar 15 ga Maris, 1950, tana da shekara casa'in da biyu.

Gidanta a Uphams Corner wani shafin ne a kan Hanyar Tarihin Mata ta Boston . 
Fayil:C1910_Alice_Stone_Blackwell_editor_Woman's_Journal.jpg|Blackwell holding a copy of *Woman's Journal*, around 1910.
Fayil:Alice_Stone_Blackwell.jpg|Alice Stone Blackwell


## Taimako na jin kai
Alice Stone Blackwell ta kuma shiga cikin ayyukan jin kai a wajen Amurka. A cikin shekarun 1890, ta yi tafiya zuwa Armenia, inda ta shiga cikin al'ummar 'yan gudun hijirar Armenia. Ta sayar da wasu daga cikin kadarorinta, musamman takalma na gabas daga gidanta a kan Paparoma Hill a Dorchester,  don amfanin Armeniyawa da ciyar da yaransu, kuma ta ba da taimako ga manya da ke neman aiki. Wannan kuma shine lokacin da ta gano sha'awarta ga wallafe-wallafen duniya. Ta fassara yawancin ayyukan ƙasar zuwa Turanci a cikin Armenian Poems (1896). Za ta ci gaba da fassara wallafe-wallafen zuwa Turanci, gami da ayyukan Hungary, Yiddish, Mutanen Espanya, Faransanci, Italiyanci, da waƙoƙin Rasha.

## Littattafai

* *Girma a cikin Zamanin Zinariya na Boston: Jaridar Alice Stone Blackwell, 1872-1874*
* Lucy Stone: Pioneer of Woman's Rights (wanda aka buga a 1930, aka sake buga a 1971) 
* Wasu mawaƙa na Mutanen Espanya-Amurka waɗanda Alice Stone Blackwell ta fassara (wanda D. Appleton &amp;amp; Co. suka buga a 1929) 
* *Waƙoƙin Armeniya* da Alice Stone Blackwell ta fassara (1st vol., 1896; 2nd vol., 1917).  . 
* *Waƙoƙin Rasha* (1906) 
* *Waƙoƙin baƙin ciki da farin ciki* da aka fassara daga Yiddish na Ezekiel Leavitt (1908) 

## Dubi kuma
 

* Jerin masu goyon bayan mata da mata
* Jerin masu fafutukar kare hakkin mata
* Jerin lokaci na zaɓen mata
* Tsarin lokaci na haƙƙin mata (ban da jefa kuri'a) 

## Bayani

## Manazarta

*  
* D.M. Nechiporuk, A cikin sunan Nihilism: Society of American Friends of Russian Freedom da kuma Russian Revolutionary Movement Abroad, 1891-1930 St. Petersburg: Nestor Press, 2018.

## Haɗin waje

* Alice Stone Blackwell - cikakken tarihin rayuwa, fassarorin Armenian, Yiddish da waƙoƙin Rasha.
* Takardun da ke cikin Tarin Hakkin Mata, 1885-1950. Laburaren Schlesinger, Cibiyar Radcliffe, Jami'ar Harvard.
* Takardun, 1835-1960. Laburaren Schlesinger, Cibiyar Radcliffe, Jami'ar Harvard.
* Carrie Chapman Catt Collection a Library of Congress yana da kundin daga ɗakin karatu na Alice Stone Blackwell .