Kungiyar inshorar lafiya

Ƙungiyar inshorar lafiya ƙungiya ce ta haɗin gwiwa wadda ke da burin samar da inshorar lafiya kuma ita ce mallakar mutanen da ƙungiyar ke inshora. Wannan nau'i ne na inshorar juna.

## Amurka
A cikin muhawarar da ake yi kan gyaran harkokin kiwon lafiya, an gabatar da haɗin gwiwar kula da lafiya a matsayin madadin kula da lafiya da gwamnati ke bayarwa da kuma kula da lafiya mai biyan kuɗi ɗaya .

An gabatar da ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa a matsayin wani ɓangare na muhawarar gyaran kiwon lafiya a Amurka ta gwamnatin Barack Obama a matsayin yiwuwar yin sulhu da 'yan Democrat na Blue Dog (da kuma ' yan Republican ) a cikin neman kiwon lafiya na duniya baki ɗaya a Amurka .    Kamar yadda Shugaba Obama da wasu suka gabatar, ba gwamnati ce ko kuma za ta gudanar da wani haɗin gwiwa na inshorar lafiya na gaba ba, amma za ta sami jarin gwamnati na farko sannan a yi aiki da shi a matsayin ƙungiya mai zaman kanta . 

Duk da cewa gwamnati ba ta da cikakken iko kan harkokin inshorar lafiya, don haka ba ta mai da shi wani kamfani na jama'a ba, tsohon Sanata Max Baucus na Montana, wanda shi ne shugaban Kwamitin Kudi na Majalisar Dattawa ta Amurka har zuwa lokacin da ya yi ritaya daga Majalisar Dattawa a 2014, ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mai wahala don hana kamfanonin inshora shiga wuta."  Ya gabatar da kudirin da ya kunshi hadin gwiwar inshorar lafiya maimakon zabin jama'a . 

Akwai ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa da dama na kiwon lafiya a yankunan karkara da Hukumar Tsaron Gona (FSA) ta kafa a da. Yawancinsu sun rufe ko sun haɗu tsawon shekaru, gabaɗaya saboda ba su da isasshen tattalin arziki (watau, sun yi ƙanƙanta don yin aiki yadda ya kamata). Don haka, ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa a halin yanzu ba su da kaso mai yawa na kasuwa har ta kai ga "ba a iya gani". 

Dokar da Max Baucus ya gabatar, Dokar Lafiya ta Gaba ta Amurka, wacce ke amfani da kamfanonin inshorar lafiya, an kiyasta cewa za ta ci dala biliyan 829 cikin shekaru goma, kuma saboda karuwar harajin dala biliyan 210 cikin shekaru 10  akan tsare-tsaren inshorar kuɗi masu fa'idodi masu yawa, za ta haifar da raguwar gibin dala biliyan 81.  Za ta faɗaɗa ɗaukar nauyin zuwa kashi 94 cikin ɗari na duk Amurkawa da suka cancanta. 

### Tallafi
A wani rahoto na watan Satumba na 2009 da John King na CNN ya fitar, ya bayyana cewa "magoya bayan sun san, a nan Minnesota da sauran jihohin gonaki suna tunanin cewa haɗin gwiwa za su iya magance aƙalla babban ɓangare na matsalar samun damar kiwon lafiya da araha." Ya yi hira da Bill Oemichen, Shugaban Ƙungiyar Haɗin gwiwa, wanda ya lura cewa "inda haɗin gwiwa suke, suna da inganci sosai saboda mai siye ne ke mallakar su, shine tabbatar da cewa mai ba da kulawar lafiyarsu mai samar da kiwon lafiya ne mai inganci." Oemichen ya kuma bayyana cewa kashi 65% na waɗanda suka sauya daga inshorar lafiya na yau da kullun sun ba da rahoton ingantaccen tsari da sabis. 

A watan Yunin 2009, Sanata Chuck Grassley na jam'iyyar Republican ya shaida wa manema labarai cewa, "idan an yi komai gaba ɗaya a cikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, kun sani, a gare ni ba ya kama da yana da kurakuran da kuke da su ba... ta hanyar sanya gwamnati ta kafa wani abu."  Steven Hill, darektan shirye-shirye a Gidauniyar New America, ya rubuta wa Salon.com cewa "ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa na iya riƙe mabuɗin sulhu mai mahimmanci", yana kwatanta shawarwarin gyaran Amurka da kula da lafiya a Jamus . Ya yi jayayya cewa za su iya samar da kulawa mai inganci da ƙarancin kuɗi ganin cewa ba za su sami dalilin samun riba ba, za su yi shawarwari kan kuɗaɗen sabis, kuma za su kawo ƙarshen ikon mallakar kasuwa na yanzu da kamfanonin inshora ke da shi a jihohi da dama. 

### Suka
Howard Dean da sauran 'yan Democrat sun soki watsi da ra'ayin tsarin gwamnati na gwamnati, a duk fadin jihar, don fifita tsarin haɗin gwiwa, suna tambayar ko kamfanonin haɗin gwiwa za su sami isasshen ikon yin shawarwari don yin gogayya da kamfanonin inshorar lafiya masu zaman kansu.  Ƙungiyoyin masu fafutukar SEIU da MoveOn.org suma sun bayyana adawarsu.  Paul Krugman, wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel Economics ta 2008, da kuma mai sharhi kan siyasa Robert Reich, sun kuma yi tambaya game da ikon kamfanonin haɗin gwiwa na yin girma sosai don rage farashin kula da lafiya sosai. Don haka, dukansu suna goyon bayan zaɓin jama'a, wanda ke da babbar adawa daga masana'antar inshora.  

## Misalai

* Kentucky Health Cooperative (in Liquidation)
* Evergreen Health Cooperative (in Liquidation)
* Consumers Mutual Health Insurance of Michigan (This website is temporarily unavailable, please try again later.)
* Health Republic Insurance - New York, New Jersey, Oregon  Archived 2014-01-09 at the Wayback Machine
* Nevada Health CO-OP - Nevada (in Liquidation)
* Ithaca Health Alliance
* Common Ground Healthcare Cooperative

## Duba kuma

* Kamfanin haɗin gwiwar gidaje
* Sabbin Sabbin Inshorar Lafiya

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Kallon Hadin gwiwar Kula da Lafiya a Planet Money .
* ''Dimokuradiyya ta Lafiya: Yadda Ake 'Yantar da Amurkawa daga Masu Inshorar Lafiya'' (littafi).