Lois Banner

**Lois Wendland Banner** (an haife shi 1939) marubuci yar Amurka ce kuma farfesa na tarihi a Jami'ar Kudancin California . Ita ce ɗaya daga cikin manyan malamai da suka mayar da hankali kan tarihin mata a Amurka.  Ayyukanta sun haɗa da tarihin rayuwar Margaret Mead, Ruth Benedict, Marilyn Monroe da Greta Garbo da kuma littafin *mata a Amurka na zamani: Takaitaccen Tarihi.*

An haife ta Lois Wendland a ranar 26 ga Yuli, 1939, a Los Angeles, California, 'yar Harry J. da Melba Wendland. 

Ta sami digirinta na digiri na falsafa daga Jami'ar Columbia a 1970. Karatun digirinta na digiri ya kasance akan kyautatawa addini da gyara a zamanin antebellum. Sanin yawancin mata da suka kasance jagorori a cikin wannan motsi ya nuna mata zuwa tarihin mata lokacin da ta koyar a Sashen Tarihi na Kwalejin Douglass na Jami'ar Rutgers. Yayin da a Douglass ta rubuta littafin mata a Amurka na zamani: Tarihin Taƙaitaccen, wanda aka saba amfani dashi a cikin gabatarwar darussan Nazarin Mata a matakin jami'a. Farawa da bugu na biyu ta haɗa da tallafin karatu kan launin fata, aji, jinsi, ƙabila da kuma yanayin jima'i. Banner daga baya ya koyar da shi a Princeton, Jami'ar George Washington, Jami'ar Stanford, Jami'ar Scranton, Kwalejin Hamilton da UCLA kafin samun nasarar aiki da cikakken farfesa a Jami'ar Kudancin California a Tarihi da Nazarin Jinsi da Jima'i.

A cikin 1983, ta saki *American Beauty* game da abin da masanin Ann Douglas na Jami'ar Columbia ya rubuta: "Banner yana faɗakarwa ga abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa na labarin da ta ba da labari. Ta ga al'amarin ma'anar da tallace-tallace na kyakkyawa a matsayin tsari mai rikitarwa: waɗanda ke da hannu sun iya ƙaddamar da ƙimar su mai kyau na mace mai kyau a kan jama'a wanda ya riga ya daidaita kyau tare da kyan gani na kasuwa, duk da haka sun kasance marasa ƙarfi. " 

A cikin 1992 Banner da aka buga *A cikin Cikakken Fure: Matan da suka tsufa, Ƙarfi, da Jima'i* game da abin da *Publishers Weekly* ya lura: "Wannan babban aikin ilimi ne kuma wani ci gaba a fahimtarmu na yadda wayewar Yammacin Turai ta raina tsohuwar mace. … Kamar masanin ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi, marubucin ya bincika tatsuniyoyi, adabi da tarihi - Rosetta stone, fim ɗin Sunset Boulevard. Banner ya juya zuwa ga matan Ba’amurke na Afirka don ingantattun masu matsakaici da tsofaffi a cikin binciken da ke taimakawa daidaita tarihin tarihi.” 

Daga baya Banner ya rubuta game da tarihin hankali na Amurka da matsayin ilimin halin ɗan adam a cikin wannan labarin tare da littafinta na 2003 *Intertwined Lives: Margaret Mead, Ruth Benedict, da kuma Circle* : "Ta hanyar mayar da hankali kan hulɗar Benedict, Mead, mazajensu, abokansu, masoya, da masu goyon baya, [Banner] ya ɗauki masu karatu da kyau, da aka buga a kan aikin da aka buga a kan jinsin mata biyu. yuwuwar, daidaitawa, da alamu, duk lu'u-lu'u akan jerin ra'ayoyin da aka raba." 

A cikin *Marilyn: The Passion da Paradox* ta mai da hankali kan fitacciyar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Amurka tare da wani kusurwa mai ban mamaki: "Banner ba ta da sha'awar rugujewar sanduna a zahiri fiye da yin ba'a da sabani da dalilai na hadaddun hali. Ta dauke mu ta cikin kuruciyar Marilyn ta nomacy zuwa ga ci gabanta a Hollywood da littafin labarinta na auren Joe DiMaggio, zuwa tserewa zuwa Miller da azuzuwan wasan kwaikwayo a New York, zuwa gajeriyar dawowarta da kuma mummunan komawa Hollywood, "in ji Zoë Slutzky na *New York Times* . 

Har ila yau, ta buga wani littafi game da hanyoyin sadarwa na ruhaniya a cikin 1970s da alakarsu da addinan Kirista da Musulunci, a cikin *Neman Fran* ( Jami'ar Columbia, 1989). Kyautar da ta samu sun haɗa da lambar yabo ta Bode-Pearson Lifetime Achievement Award daga Ƙungiyar Nazarin Amirka, wadda ita ce shugabar mace ta farko. 

A cikin 1973 ita da Mary S. Hartman sun kafa Babban Taron Berkshire na yanzu na Triniti akan Tarihin Mata, Jinsi, da Jima'i, wanda taron Berkshire na masana tarihi na mata ke gudanarwa. Sun kuma shirya abubuwan da suka faru na waccan taron, *Hankalin Clio Ya Taso: Sabbin Ra'ayoyi akan Tarihin Mata* (1974), tarin ilimi na farko da aka gyara a tarihin mata.  

Yana da shekaru 84, Banner ya yi kalaman wariyar launin fata ga jama'a a taron Berkshire na 2023 wanda ya haifar da la'anci daga masu sauraro da kuma kan kafofin watsa labarun. A lokacin da take jawabi, Banner, wata ‘yar farar fata mai shekaru 84, ta yi fatan cewa bakar fata ce, tana mai cewa hakan zai kawo saukin sana’arta.   

## wallafe-wallafen da aka zaɓa

* *Kyakkyawan Kyau: Rayuwa da Zamanin Greta Garbo*, Rutgers University Press, 2023:  .
* *Marilyn: The Passion da Paradox*, Bloomsbury Amurka, 2012:  .
* *MM-Personal: Daga Tasirin Mai zaman kansa na Marilyn Monroe*, Abrams, 2011.
* *Rayuwar Haɗin Kai: Margaret Mead, Ruth Benedict, da Da'irar Su*, Alfred Knopf, 2003.
* *A cikin Cikakken Fure: Matan da suka tsufa, Ƙarfi, da Jima'i*, Alfred Knopf, 1992.
* *Nemo Fran: Tarihi da Tunatarwa a Rayuwar Mata Biyu*, Jami'ar Columbia Press, 1998.
* *American Beauty*, Alfred Knopf, 1983.
* *Elizabeth Cady Stanton: Mai Ra'ayin 'Yancin Mata.* Addison-Wesley Publishers, 1979.
* *Mata a Amurka ta zamani: Takaitaccen Tarihi*, 1974.

Labarai

* "Mace Mai Asiri na Hollywood: Greta Garbo, Feminism, da Stardom," *Nazarin Media Feminist*, mai zuwa.
* "Biography as History," *Binciken Tarihi na Amirka,* Yuni, 2009.
* "Halittar Daga Lagon Baƙar fata: Marilyn Monroe da Fari," *Nazarin Cinema,* Summer, 2008.
* "Matan Mannish, Maza masu Ƙarfafawa, da Tsarin Tsarin Mulki: Jima'i na Margaret Mead da Hali a cikin Ƙungiyoyin Farko guda uku a matsayin amsa ga Ruth Benedict's Patterns of Culture," *Alamu: Journal of Women in Culture and Society,* Maris 2003.
* "Tsarin Bo-Cu: Jinsi a cikin Rayuwa da Rubutun Ruth Benedict," a Janiewski da Banner, *Karatun Benedict, Karatun Mead* (Baltimore: Jami'ar Johns Hopkins Press, 2004).
* "Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwa: Neman Los (t) Angeles," *Binciken Tarihi na Pacific,* Spring, 1994.
* "Autobiography and Biography: Intermixing the Genres," *Auto/Biography Studies,* Fall, 1993.
* "Ma'anar Menopause: Tsufa da Matsalolin Ƙarni na Ashirin," Takardun Aiki, Cibiyar Nazarin Ƙarni na Ashirin, Jami'ar Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Fall 1989.

## Ganewa

* Abokin Kyautar Berlin, Kwalejin Amurka a Berlin, 2020
* Kyautar Nasarar Rayuwa ta Bode-Pearson, Ƙungiyar Nazarin Amirka, 2006-2007
* Kyautar Mellon don Ƙwarewa a Jagora, 2005-06
* Kyautar Carl Bode-Norman Holmes Pearson don nasarar rayuwa, Ƙungiyar Nazarin Amirka, 2005
* Fellow, Shirin Tarihi, Makarantar Bincike na Kimiyyar zamantakewa, Jami'ar Ƙasa ta Australiya Canberra, Ostiraliya, Mayu-Agusta, 2004
* Shugaban Fulbright, Jami'ar Uppsala
* Fulbright Experts Grant, New Zealand, Agusta, 2004
* Kyautar koyarwa ta yi fice, Ilimin Gabaɗaya, 2002-03
* USC Raubenheimer Fitaccen Babban Jami'in Kyauta, 1996
* USC Phi Kappa Phi Kyautar Gane Faculty of Faculty, 1990
* Kyautar USC Associates don Ƙirƙiri A cikin Bincike da Karatun Sakandare, 1989
* Rockefeller Fellowship Mai karɓar, Abokin Dan Adam, Gidauniyar Rockefeller, 1978-79
* Fellow, Cibiyar Radcliffe, 1974-75

## Kwarewar Ilimi

* Hukumar Fulbright ta Amurka, Babban Shugaban Jami'ar Uppsala, bazara, 2017
* Farfesa, Jami'ar Kudancin California (Tarihi da Nazarin Jinsi), 1983-2014
* Adjunct Professor, Josai International University, Tokyo, 1996-99
* Darakta, Bayar da Kyauta ta Ƙasa don Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru, Jami'ar Kudancin California: "Sabuwar Harkokin Kimiyya na Jinsi" Summer, 1992
* Darakta, Bayar da Kyauta ta Ƙasa don Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru, Jami'ar George Washington, "Maza, Mata, da Shaharar Al'adu" Summer, 1984
* William Robertson Coe Farfesa, Jami'ar Stanford, Summer, 1983
* Jane Watson Irwin Farfesa, Kwalejin Hamilton, Spring, 1983
* Mataimakin Farfesa na ziyartar, UCLA, Summer, 1982
* Mataimakin Farfesa mai ziyara, Jami'ar George Washington, 1981-83
* Babban Malami na Ziyara, Jami'ar Maryland, gundumar Baltimore, 1980-81
* Kyauta ta ƙasa don Farfesa Farfesa, Jami'ar Scranton, 1979-80
* Jami'ar Princeton, Malami, 1977-78
* Kwalejin Douglass, Jami'ar Rutgers, Malami da Mataimakin Farfesa, 1967-1977

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Ideal Beauty: Rayuwa da Zamanin Greta Garbo shafi a Jami'ar Rutgers Press
* Lois Banner shafi na baiwa a USC
* Littafin daftarin aiki, 1979: A Neman Taimako. Makarantar Schlesinger, Cibiyar Radcliffe, Jami'ar Harvard.
*   
* Biography ( Tsoffin 'yan mata na Amurka )