Ilka Grüning

Ilka Grüning (an haife ta Ilka Henriette Grünzweig; 4 ga watan Satumba shekara ta 1876 - 11 ga Nuwamba 1964) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta ƙasar Austriya-Hungary. An haife ta ne a Vienna a tsohuwar Daular Austrian-Hungary, tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da yawa na Yahudawa waɗanda aka tilasta su gudu daga Turai lokacin da Nazis suka zo mulki a 1933. Wata shahararriyar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce a lokacinta a yankin Jamusanci, an tilasta mata yin wasa a Hollywood.

## Ayyuka

### Ayyukan Jamusanci
A lokacin da take da shekaru 17, Ilka Grüning ta fara fitowa a cikin Miss Julie kuma da sauri ta zama sananniyar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo. Fim na farko na Grüning, yana da shekaru 43, fim ne na Jamus mai suna Todesurteil a cikin 1919. Bayan haka, ta yi fice tare da Conrad Veidt a cikin Peer Gynt . Daga baya a wannan shekarar, ita da Veidt sun bayyana a cikin Die sich verkaufen .

Ta ci gaba da yin fina-finai a Jamus a cikin shekarun 1920. A cikin 1920, ta fito a fim din Die Bestie im Menschen, wanda ya samo asali ne daga littafin La Bête humaine na Emile Zola . Wannan fina-finai biyu ne daga cikin fina-fukkuna 11 da ta fito a wannan shekarar. Grüning ya bayyana a cikin fina-finai biyu na *Kirista Wahnschaffe* na Veidt: *Weltbrand* a 1920 da Die Flucht aus dem goldenen Kerker a 1921. A shekara ta 1922, tana da karamin rawa a matsayin mai gida a *Lady Hamilton* tare da Veidt a matsayin Ubangiji Horatio Nelson . Wannan yana daya daga cikin fina-finai huɗu da ita da Hans Twardowski suka bayyana tare; wasan kwaikwayo na F.W. Murnau Phantom, Es leuchtet meine Liebe da The False Dimitri .

A cikin 1923, ta nuna Frau Gött a cikin Max Mack's The Beautiful Girl . Daga baya a wannan shekarar, ta nuna matar Johann Friedrich Schiller a cikin Friedrich Schiller - The Young Poet . Bayan haka ta taka rawar mahaifiyar Rosalindes a cikin Max Mack's Die Fledermaus (wannan shine fim na biyar da ta yi tare da darektan Jamus). A shekara ta 1924, ta bayyana a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na F.W. Murnau The Grand Duke's Finances (wannan shine fim na uku da ta yi tare da Murnau).

A cikin 1925, Grüning ya bayyana a cikin titin Joyless, wanda Georg Wilhelm Pabst ya jagoranta, wanda ya ƙunshi Greta Garbo mai shekaru 20. A shekara mai zuwa, Grüning ta bayyana a fim dinta na uku na Pabst 'Secrets of a Soul . A cikin 1927, Grüning ya bayyana a cikin Hello Caesar! wanda S.Z. Sakall ya taimaka wajen rubuta. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, ita da Sakall sun bayyana tare a Family Gathering a cikin House of Prellstein .

A cikin 1929, Grüning ta bayyana a fim dinta na farko: Melody of the Heart . Shekaru uku ne kafin ta bayyana a wani fim. A shekara ta 1932, ta sami wani bangare a cikin Max Neufeld's Hasenklein kann nichts flok [de], wanda shine fim dinta na karshe a Jamus. Shekaru tara ne kafin ta bayyana a wani fim.

### Ayyukan Amurka
Grüning, ya buga Strindberg da Ibsen ga darektan Austrian Max Reinhardt kuma ya gudanar da makarantar wasan kwaikwayo ta biyu mafi muhimmanci a Berlin, ya bar Jamus 1938 bayan Hitler da Nazis sun zo mulki. Bayan ta isa Amurka a watan Fabrairun 1939, ta sami taimako daga Asusun Fim na Turai don sake zama a Amurka.

Wani lokaci a cikin shekarun 1930, ta bar Jamus zuwa *Paris*, Faransa, kuma, a 1939, ta tashi daga LeHavre a kan S / S Paris, ta isa tashar jiragen ruwa ta New York a ranar 8 ga Fabrairu, 1939. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da ta yi a Amurka. Tare da barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na II da kuma buƙatar tsofaffin matan Jamus don fina-finai na yaƙi, Grüning ya fara karɓar sassa. Fim dinta na farko na Hollywood ya kasance a cikin 1941 a matsayin mijin Erwin Kalser a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na yaki na Warner Bros. Underground, tare da Philip Dorn, Martin Kosleck da Ludwig Stössel (wanda ya buga mijinta a *Casablanca*).

Grüning yana aiki a cikin 1942. Na farko, Grüning ya bayyana a cikin Kings Row, Dangerously They Live, Friendly Enemies the Sonja Henie film *Iceland*, da kuma Desperate Journey .

Har ila yau, a cikin 1942, yana da shekaru 66, Grüning ya sami rawar Mrs. Leuchtag, wanda tare da mijinta (wanda Ludwig Stössel ya buga) suna barin Turai zuwa Amurka a *Casablanca*. Tana da wuri guda kawai (kalmomi 30) a cikin fim din lokacin da ita da mijinta ke shan giya a Rick's Cafe tare da abokinsu mai kyau Carl mai ba da abinci (S. Z. Sakall) kuma suna fama da Turanci. Mijinta (Ludwig Stössel) ya tambaye ta game da lokacin "Liebchen - sweetnessheart, what watch?" Ta amsa "Ten watch", kuma ya amsa "Yana da yawa?"

A shekara ta 1943, Grüning ta sami wani ɓangare a matsayin mahaifiyar George Tobias a cikin This Is the Army . Daga bisani ta bayyana a cikin The Strange Death of Adolf Hitler tare da Stössel da Twardowski . Grüning ya sami sassan a cikin *Madam Curie* tare da Greer Garson da Walter Pidgeon a matsayin Curies . Grüning ta bayyana a fim daya kawai a 1944 a matsayin Mrs. Vronsky a cikin wasan kwaikwayo An American Romance . Tana da ɗan gajeren ɓangare a cikin Asirin *Kisan kai a cikin Gidan Kiɗa* . Ta sami wasu ƙananan sassa a wannan shekarar; na farko a matsayin matar Herman Bing a cikin Rendezvous 24.*Taron da aka yi 24.*
## Manazarta