Yaƙin Pungo Andongo

**Yaƙin Pungo Andongo** (wanda aka fi sani da **siege na Pungo Andongo** ko kuma **yaƙin Mpungu-a-Ndongo** ), yaƙin soji ne a ƙasar Angola a yau tsakanin Portugal da Masarautar Ndongo (*Andongo* a Portuguese) wanda babban birninta, Pungo Andongo, wanda aka fi sani da Pedras Negras, aka kewaye shi. Bayan da aka shafe tsawon watanni 9 ana zagaye babban birnin, guguwa ta mamaye babban birnin ƙasar, aka yi wa ganima, sannan Turawan Portugal suka mamaye shi.

An kama dukan dangin sarauta na Ndongo, kuma Portuguese sun gina katanga a Pungo Andongo. Don haka Masarautar Ndongo ta daina wanzuwa.

## Tarihi
A cikin shekarar 1670, sojojin Count of Soyo Estevão da Silva, da Holanda suka goyi bayan 'yan Portugal a yakin Kitombo. A halin da ake ciki, wani abokin hammaya Dom António Carrasco ya kori Sarki Luís na Portugal daga kursiyin Kitombo, wanda shi ma ya kashe 'yan Fotigal a wurin. 

Karfafawa da irin wannan koma baya, Sarkin Ndongo, Dom João Hari (Ngola Hari), ya yi amfani da damar da ya yi tawaye da suzerainty na Portuguese, ya yanke duk wata hanyar sadarwa tsakanin Luanda da Masarautar Cassanje na Portuguese tare da Portuguese tare da kai hari ga ayarin kasuwancin Portuguese.  Ya aike da wakilai zuwa wasu masarautu da ke makwabtaka da su, daga cikinsu akwai masarautar Matamba, yana neman ya haɗa su da manufarsa ta adawa da Fotigal. 

Gwamnan Portugal na Angola, Francisco de Távora, ya mayar da martani ga waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru daidai da haka, yana neman ƙarfafawa daga Portuguese Brazil, kuma ya aika da sauri zuwa ga sansanin Portuguese a Ambaca a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Luís Lopes de Sequeira, wanda a baya ya bambanta kansa a yakin Mbwila. An riga an yi artabu tsakanin 'yan Portuguese da sojojin Andongo kafin wani babban jirgin ruwa na Portugal ya isa Luanda, wanda ya kawo gagarumin taimako daga Brazil.  A lokaci guda kuma, da yawa daga cikin sojojin Portugal da sojojin haya na Ibangala sun taru daga sansanin da ke Ilamba, Lumbo, Massangano, Cambambe, Muxima da sauran wurare.  Kamfen ɗin ya kasance mafi girma kamfen na soja da Portuguese suka yi a Angola. 

## Siege
A ranar 2 ga watan Agusta ne ‘yan ƙasar Portugal suka yi tattaki daga Ambaca zuwa Pungo Andongo, ƙarƙashin tursasawa da ƙasashen Afirka ke ci gaba da yi musu, waɗanda suka nemi hana Turawa shiga sansanin.  Sequeira duk da haka ya sami damar isa wurin ya kafa sansani a kusa da shi.  Duk wani yunƙuri na tattaunawar diflomasiyya an gamu da ƙaƙƙarfar ƙin yarda da tashin hankali daga waɗanda aka kawanta, don haka Portuguese suka ƙaddamar da gina ayyukan kewaye don sa ran zage-zage, tono ramuka da kafa shingaye, yayin da sojojin Andongo suka yi ta kai hare-hare a kansu. 

A ranar 27 ga Agusta 1671, wani hari na musamman da Dom Diogo Cabanga, ɗan'uwan Sarkin Andongo ya umarta, a kan layin Portuguese an fatattake su da ƙananan makamai da kuma wuta.  Yayin da sojojin Portuguese suka shiga sansaninsu daga Luanda, sarki João ya aika da kyautar bayi ga kwamandan Portuguese, kuma ya ba da shawarar ba da kansa bayan an ɗauke shi; Ba a ɗaga wa yaƙin ba, amma an sanar da sarki za a yi masa rahama idan ya miƙa wuya. Wannan sakon bai amsa ba. 

Kamar yadda rahotanni suka zo Sequeira cewa Matamba na shirya wani gagarumin dakarun agaji, ya ba da umarnin a kai Pungo Andongo da guguwa da wuri.  Don haka a daren ranar 18 ga watan Nuwamba, Turawan Portugal suka zazzage kwararowar duwatsun da ke kewaye da kagaran matsugunin da ke karkashin duhu; wanda ya fara ƙarya shingen katangar shi ne kyaftin Manuel Nunes Cortês, a shugaban wata jam'iyyar taimakon Afirka.  An tabbatar da tashin hankali, amma a ƙarshe an shawo kan sulhu.  Mutane da yawa sun mutu a fafatawar da kuma ganima, wasu sun yi tsalle daga manyan duwatsu don tserewa kamawa daga hannun Portuguese. 

## Bayan haka
Turawan Portugal sun kama fursunoni da yawa, daga cikinsu akwai manyan mutane da yawa da dukan dangin sarauta na Andongo. Sarki João Hari ya gudu zuwa Libolo, amma aka kama shi aka mika shi ga Turawan Fotigal, aka kashe shi.  An tilasta wa sauran dangin sarauta na Andongo gudun hijira ko dai a Brazil Brazil ko kuma su zauna a gidajen ibada a Portugal.  Don haka aka narkar da Masarautar Andongo kuma aka hade filayenta zuwa kambin Portuguese. Daga nan aka gina katanga akan Pungo Andongo. An gano wasu daga cikin waɗanda aka kama ba su da daraja ga Portuguese, domin su manyan mutane ne da aka kiyaye su ta hanyar sharuɗɗa na farko daga kama su da kuma fansa. 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin Ngolas na Ndongo
* Portuguese Angola

## Manazarta