Mutanen Bassa (Nijeriya)

**Bassa** kuma ana kiranta **Basa**  ƙabila ce da aka fi samu a Arewacin Tsakiyar Najeriya . Mutanen Bassa suna magana da yaren Bassa, wanda ke cikin dangin Kainji a ƙarƙashin sub-phylum Western-Kainji, wanda kuma ake kira Rubassa.  Mutanen Bassa suna da tarihi mai kyau na al'adu, tare da mai da hankali sosai kan al'adun gargajiya kamar bukukuwan masquerade kamar Ikẹ masquerade da al'adun farawa kamar a bikin Al'adu na Ugunu.

Kabilar Bassa ƙabila ce daban-daban a Najeriya, musamman ma mutanen da ke magana da Bassa, kuma bai kamata a rikita su da Bassa Nge ba, waɗanda asalinsu ya samo asali ne daga mutanen Nupe .  

Mutanen da ke magana da harshen Bassa a Najeriya suna da tarihi mai kyau na tsufa, tare da shaida da ke nuna cewa sun mamaye yankin Nok tsawon dubban shekaru. Asalin tarihinsu ya samo asali ne tun daga shekarar 1530 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS), idan aka yi la'akari da alaƙar da ke tsakaninsu da Al'adun Nok, wanda aka san shi da sassaka da kayan tarihi na terracotta .  Wannan alaƙa da Al'adun Nok yana nuna cewa mutanen Bassa suna da yanayin rayuwa a yankin .

Ana samun mutanen Bassa ne a babban birnin tarayya (FCT), musamman a yankunan Kwali, Abaji, Gwagwalada, Kuje, Bwari, da Municipal.  Gwagwalada ita ce hedkwatarsu ta gargajiya.  Bugu da ƙari, ana iya samun al'ummar Bassa a jihohi daban-daban, ciki har da: Kogi a cikin Bassa, Dekina, Ankpa, Koto, da Lokoja Kananan Hukumomin  Niger a Kontagora, Shiroro, Mashegu, Gurara, Wushishi, Rafi, Minna, Lapai, Suleja Local Government Areas   Kokona, Toffito, Nasarawa, Dokta, Nasarawa, Dogara, Nasarawa, Karu, Dogara, Nasarawa, Dogara, Nasarawa, Dogara, Dogara, Nasarawa, Karu, Dogara, Nasarawa Benue a Apa-Agatu da Makurdi da kuma Jihohin Kwara.

An kiyasta yawan al'ummar Bassa ya kai 300,000 a shekarar 2020.  Duk da haka, wasu majiyoyi sun nuna cewa wannan adadi na iya zama abin jayayya sosai, inda kiyasin ya nuna cewa yawan jama'a ya ninka wannan girman sau uku ko fiye. 

Babban matsugunin mutanen Bassa shine noma.  Wannan ya haifar da yaɗuwarsu a yankuna daban-daban na ƙasar, ciki har da Oyo, Ekiti, da Edo .

Wasu shahararrun garuruwan Bassa sun hada da Gwagwalada,  Toto, Tawari Ugya, Gbameni Oguma, Shiroro, Ashara, Kundu, Turuku, Katakpa, Kassanki, Wukara, Gbashikere, Juwa, Rubochi (Urubochi), Keyenfu (Keyenhu), Zwere, Wusa, Sardauna Gbemgbem, Kpakwu, Kong, Saukwu, Tukpese, Kpakabo, Bassa, Tukpese, Kpakabo, Bassa, Bassa, Tukpese, Bassa. Rukubi, Bassa (Abuja airport road), Oweito (I'hwetu), Dausu, O'nuku), Robomi (Urubomi), I'kende.

## Tarihi
Kabilar Bassa ƙabila ce da ta yaɗu a faɗin ƙasashen Afirka daban-daban, ciki har da Najeriya, Kamaru, Laberiya, Saliyo, Ivory Coast, da kuma gabar tekun Laberiya. Asalinsu ya samo asali ne daga tsohuwar Masar, inda suka yi ƙaura zuwa wuraren da suke a yanzu.

Labarun tarihi sun nuna cewa mutanen Bassa sun yi ƙaura daga Masar saboda rikice-rikicen cikin gida ko yaƙe-yaƙe da Larabawa. Wannan ƙaura ta yi tasiri sosai ga mutanen Bassa, ta hanyar tsara al'adunsu, al'adunsu, da kuma asalinsu.

## Hijira
A Najeriya, mutanen Bassa ƙabila ce ta musamman wadda take da tasiri mai mahimmanci a siyasa, zamantakewa, da tattalin arziki. Halinsu na aiki tukuru ya taimaka wajen tasirinsu na musamman ga ƙasar. Ta hanyar himma da juriyarsu,  mutanen Bassa sun kafa kansu a matsayin muhimmin ɓangare na al'adun Najeriya da tattalin arzikinta.

Duk da yanayin zaman lafiya da suke ciki, mutanen Bassa sun fuskanci ƙalubale masu yawa, ciki har da rikicin da ya faru a tsakanin kabilu. Zamanin kafin jihadi ya ga ana fafatawa tsakanin siyasa da addini don neman iko a arewa, wanda ya haifar da mummunan ƙaura daga ƙauyensu na farko zuwa gidajensu na yanzu.

## Harshe
Harshen Bassa yana nuna alaƙar harshe da harshen Hausa, kodayake ba da harshen Fulani ba. Wannan alaƙar ta ƙara bayyana ne ta hanyar kusancin ƙasa tsakanin Bassa da Hausawa. Wani abin lura na wannan alaƙar harshe shine kasancewar kalmomin homophones, waɗanda kalmomi ne da ake furtawa iri ɗaya amma suna da haruffa daban-daban saboda bambance-bambancen haruffan da harsunan biyu ke amfani da su.

## Sana'a
Mutanen Bassa galibi manoma ne, suna noma amfanin gona kamar doya, gero, masarar Guinea, da masara. Baya ga noma, suna kuma yin kamun kifi da kiwon dabbobi. Bassa ƙwararrun ma'aikata ne, waɗanda suka ƙware a fannin saka da tukwane, musamman ƙera tukwane na ƙasa.

Wasu masu bincike sun lura cewa mutanen Bassa, bayan Fulani, an san su da zama 'yan ƙabilar makiyaya, suna yawan canza gidajensu don neman gonaki masu albarka don noma. Wannan yanayin ƙaura yana faruwa ne sakamakon buƙatunsu na noma da kuma sha'awar gonaki masu amfani.

## Al'adu
Al'ummar Bassa ta Najeriya suna da al'adun gargajiya masu yawa, waɗanda aka bayyana ta hanyar raye-rayen gargajiya daban-daban. Wasu daga cikin misalan da suka fi shahara sun haɗa da Bikin Al'adu na Ugunu, Masquerade, Araga, da sauransu.

Waɗannan raye-rayen al'adu suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a al'adar Bassa, suna aiki a matsayin hanyar bayyana ra'ayi, biki, da kuma haɗin kan al'umma.

### Matsugunan gidaje da tsarin zamantakewa
Al'ummar Bassa a al'ada suna zaune a wuraren zama na gidaje, waɗanda za su iya kamawa daga ƙabila ɗaya ko gidan iyali zuwa manyan ƙauyuka da suka ƙunshi ƙananan gidaje har zuwa talatin. Waɗannan gidajen yawanci suna da girma, tare da gidaje da aka gina a siffar zagaye ko murabba'i, ya danganta da nau'in gidajen da aka gina. A cikin kowace gidan, mafi tsufa yana aiki a matsayin shugaban iyali, yana da alhakin gudanarwa ta yau da kullun da jagorancin ruhaniya. Yana yin sadaukarwa da sauran ayyukan gargajiya, kamar bikin sanya wa yara suna, a madadin dukkan 'yan uwa.

Ana gina gidajen Bassa da tubalin laka, tare da rufin ciyawa mai rufin ciyawa. Gidaje masu zagaye, waɗanda suka fi kama da na gargajiya,  suna da rufin da aka yi a ƙasa sannan maza masu ƙarfin hali suka ɗaga su zuwa gidan. A gefe guda kuma, gidaje masu kusurwa huɗu suna da rufin da aka yi kai tsaye a saman gidan.

A al'adar Bassa, zaman tare da raba abinci da kuma raba abinci muhimmin bangare ne na rayuwar iyali. Ana raba wa mata gidaje daban-daban a cikin gidan, kuma kowace iyali tana dafa abinci tare. Maza da mata suna da wurare daban-daban na cin abinci, inda maza ke taruwa a Umwamwa, mata kuma suna cikin farfajiyar gidan.

**Umuamua:** Wurin Taro na Maza wuri ne mai tsarki da aka tanada wa maza, inda suke karɓar baƙi, suke sasanta rikicin iyali, da kuma yin hadaya ga allolin iyali ko na ƙabila. Mata galibi ana ware su daga wannan yanki, musamman a lokacin hadaya da kuma lokacin haila.

Mata suna da wuraren taruwa nasu, kamar udulo ko ugbahu, inda suke shakatawa, dafa abinci, da kuma yin mu'amala. Waɗannan bukkoki galibi ana gina su ne a tsakiyar harabar ko tsakanin gidaje.

## Mutane masu shahara

* Ahmad Garba Gunna, the Emir of Kagara, Niger State, Rafi LGA, Niger State, Nigeria
* HRM Williams Keke, Agụma na Bassa, Bassa, Jihar Kogi
* Alhaji Idris Alhassan Yusuf Tawari, the Agụma of Tawari, Nigeria, Koton Karfe LGA, Kogi State
* HRH Alhaji Muhammadu Magaji, the Agụma of Gwagwalada, Gwagwalada Area Council, FCT, Nigeria
* HRH Dr. David Wodi Tukura, the Agụma of Turunku Chiefdom 1, Toto, Nigeria, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
* HRH Alhaji Adamu Saba, the Agụma of Gbameni (Gwomani), Kwali-Abuja.

## Manazarta