Virgina Kidd

**Virginia kidd** (2 Yuni, 1921 - Janairu 11, shekara ta 2003) ƴar ƙasar Amurika ce mai wallafe-wallafen wakili, Marubuciya kuma editan, wanda ta yi aiki musamman a almarar kimiyya da kuma waɗanda suka danganci filayen. Ta marubutan tatsuniyoyin Amurika kamar su Ursula K. Le Guin, RA Lafferty, Anne McCaffrey, Judith Merril, da Gene Wolfe. Wolfe tayi kama da Ann Schindler, mai hali a cikin littafinsa na 1990 mai suna *Castleview*, a babban ɓangare akan Kidd. 

## Rayuwa da Ayyuka
An haifi Kidd **Mildred Virginia Kidd**  a cikin gundumar Germantown na Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Ita ce ƙaramar 'yar Charles Kidd, mawallafi, da Zetta Daisy Whorley. Tana da cutar shan inna a lokacin 2. Ta rame ta yi shekara guda daga kirji zuwa ƙasa. Lokacin da ta girma ta halarci Makarantar Koyar da Harsuna ta Berlitz inda ta sami ci gaba a cikin yaren Spanish, Latin, Italian, Faransanci, da Jamusanci. Kidd ya gano almarar kimiyya tun yana dan shekara 9. Ta zama mai son ƙirƙirarren labarin almara . Ita 'yar Futuriyan ce, a cikin shekara ta 1941, ta zama ɗaya daga cikin membobin da suka kafa Vanungiyar' Yan Jarida ta Vanguard.  Ba ta halarci kwaleji ba, tana cewa "saboda ba zan iya zuwa Jami'ar Chicago ba, kuma ba zan je wani ba."  Ta auri mawaƙin opera Jack Emden a 1943. Sun sake su a cikin 1947. Sannan ta auri marubuci James Blish . Sun yi aure har zuwa 1963. Tana da yara hudu: Karen Anne Emden (an haife ta a shekara ta 1944), Asa Benjamin Blish (an haife shi kuma ya mutu a 1947), Dorothea Elisabeth Blish (an haife shi a shekara ta 1954), da Charles Benjamin Blish (an haife shi a 1956). 

Kidd tayi nasarar aiki a matsayin marubuci mai zaman kansa, marubucin fatalwa, kuma mai karanta karatu. Sananniyar sananniya ce ga ayyukanta a cikin harkar adabin adabin baka na ilimin mata. Ta taimaka wa marubutan da ba a san su ba.  Ta kasance yar kasuwa mai nasara wacce tayi aiki tare da manyan kamfanoni kamar su Ace Publishing da Parnassus Books.  Ita ma mawaƙa ce, kuma ta buga *Kinesis*, wata ƙaramar mujallar waƙa. Ta taimaka wajen fara aikin marubuta ciki har da Sonya Dorman. 

Gajerun labaran ta sun haɗa da " Kangaroo Court", wacce aka buga a shekara ta 1966 a Damon Knight  . Ta yi gyare-gyare ko kuma daidaita tare da rubuce-rubucen almara na kimiyya. Ta shirya biyun tare da abokin harka da kuma abokiyarta, Ursula K. LeGuin, *Hanyoyi: Tsarin Harshen* Tatsuniyoyi (1980) da *Edges: Sababbin Tatsuniyoyi goma sha uku daga Borderlands na imagination* (1980). Kidd ya lashe lambar yabo ta Locus ta 12 a 1979 na *Mata Millennial* . 

## Hukumar Ƙididdiga ta Virginia Kidd
A cikin shekara ta 1965, ta kafa Hukumar Ƙididdigar Kiddiya ta Virginia. Hukumar ta kasance a gidanta, Arrowhead, a Milford, Pennsylvania. Ba da daɗewa ba, tana da abokan ciniki da yawa daga ƙungiyar almara ta kimiyya. Ita ce mace ta farko da ta zama wakiliyar adabi a cikin tatsuniyoyi.  Abokan cinikin nata sun haɗa da David R. Bunch, Juanita Coulson, George Alec Effinger, Alan Dean Foster, Richard E. Geis, Ursula K. Le Guin, Zach Hughes, Laurence Janifer, RA Lafferty, Anne McCaffrey, Judith Merril, Ward Moore, Christopher Firist, Frank M. Robinson, Joanna Russ, da Gene Wolfe. 

Ta daina kula da hukumar ne a tsakiyar shekarun 1990 saboda matsalolin lafiya daga ciwon suga.  Ta mutu a 2003, amma har yanzu hukumar tana nan.

## Hanyar Milford
Tare da marubuci Damon Knight da mijinta James Blish, Kidd sun kirkiro hanyar sukar da aka sani a duniya kamar Hanyar Milford. 

## Littattafai

### Ayyuka

* “Suburban Harvest.” 1952
* “Assignment Christmas Spirit.” 1966
* “Happily Ever Once Upon (A Play)” 1990
* “Ok, O Che.” *Aberrations,* 1995
* “A King of King.” *With All of Love: Selected Poems,* 1995
* “Kangaroo Court.” *Orbit I,* 1996
* “Argument.” *Weird Tales* 55, Fall 1998

### Litattafan da ta gyara

* McCaffrey, Anne. *Hasken haske* New York: Ballantine, 1968.
* Le Guin, Ursula K. *Idon Heron.* New York: Victor Gollancz Ltd, 1982.

### Waɗanda ta shirya

* *Ceton Duniya: Aarin Tarihin Kagaggen Labari.* New York: Doubleday & Kamfanin, 1973. (An sake bugawa azaman *Woungiyar rauni.* New York: Littattafan Bantam, 1974. )
* *Mafi Kyawun Judith Merril.* New York: Littattafan Gargaɗi, 1976.
* *Mata Millennium.* New York: Delacorte, 1978.
* *Edges: Sababbin Tatsuniyoyi goma sha uku daga Yankin kan iyakantuwa.* New York: Littattafan Aljihu, 1980.
* *Mu'amala: Tarihin Tatsuniyoyi.* New York: Littattafan Ace, 1980.

### Fassarorin da tayi
"Dodo a Dajin." Gérard Klein (wanda aka fassara daga Faransanci ta Virginia Kidd). *Mujallar Fantasy da Almarar Kimiyya ,* Vol. 21, A'a. 3, 1961

## Manazarta

## Kara karantawa

* Kidd, Virginia, "Wakilin Farko, Masanin Tarihi Wani lokaci, Marubuci a Cikin Tsage," a cikin *Mata Masu hangen nesa*, wanda Denise DuPont ya shirya. St Martin's Press: 1988.
* *<nowiki/>'Yan Futurians: Labarin Kagaggen Kimiyyar Kimiyya "Iyali" na 30's Wanda Ya Kawo Manyan Marubutan Sf & Editocin Yau* (1977) na Damon Knight .

## Sauran yanar gizo

* Virginia Kidd a Cibiyar Pennsylvania don Littafin
* Virginia Kidd  
* Tarihin Kidd daga gidan yanar gizon SFWA
* Hukumar Kididdiga ta Virginia Kidd
* "Game da Virginia Kidd"  Archived   ta Ursula K. Le Guin, ɗayan marubutanta
* Mildred "VK" Virginia (Kidd) Mai Blish a Blish Genealogy ( *blish.org* )
* Virginia Kidd a Laburaren ofungiyar Hukumomin Majalisar - tare da takaddun kasidu 5