Yankin Arewacin Najeriya

**Arewacin Najeriya** yanki ne mai cin gashin kanta a Najeriya, wacce ta sha bamban da yankin kudancin kasar, Tare da al'adunta na kanta, dangantakar ƙasashen waje da tsarin tsaro. A shekarar 1962 ta mamaye yankin Arewacin Kamaru na Burtaniya, waɗanda suka zaɓi zama a yankin ardin  Arewacin Najeriya. 

A shekara ta 1967, An kuma raba Arewacin Nijeriya zuwa Jihar Arewa maso Gabas da Jihar Arewa maso Yamma da Jihar Kano da Jihar Kaduna da Jihar Kwara da Jihar Binuwai-Plateau, kowacce da Gwamnan ta. 

## Tarihi
### Tarihi ===

Yaren Nok, tsohuwar al'ada ce da ta mamaye mafi yawacin yankin da ake kira Arewacin Najeriya a  baya, ana nuna gadonsa ta hanyar gumakan  terracotta da kuma an samu ragowarsu a Sokoto da Kano da Birinin Kudu da Nok da Zaria. Al’adar Kwatarkwashi, al’adar dake da bambanci da Nok wacce ta mamaye yankin zamfara a lardin Sakkwato wasu na ganin tana daga cikin  wani yanki na Nok.

### Masarautu Goma Sha Hudu
Masarautu Goma Sha Huɗu sun haɗe ɗimbin ɗabi'u da al'adun Arewacin Najeriya zuwa tsarin tarihi na kabilanci. Bakwai daga cikin wadannan masarautu sun samo asali ne daga al'adun Kabara na Hausawa. A cikin karni na 9, yayin da cibiyoyin kasuwancin da ke fafatawa da Kanem-Bornu da Mali sannu a hankali suka haɓaka a yankin Sudan ta Tsakiya, tarin masarautu sun haɗu sun mamaye manyar filayen savannah na ƙasashen Hausa, kayan kasuwancisu na farko sun haɗa fatu da kuma zinare da tufafi da gishiri da goro da fatar dabba da Lalli. 

Ƙasashen Hausa Bakwai sun haɗa da:

* Daura , ? ,- 1806
* Kano, 998-1807
* Katsina, c. 1400-1805
* Zazzau (Zaria), c. 1200-1808
* Gobir , ? - 1808
* Rano
* Biram, c. 1100-1805

Habaka da mamaye Hausawa Bakwai ya haifar da kafuwar wasu jahohi tare da masu mulki da suka samo asali daga wata kwarkwara na uban Hausawa Bayajidda. Don haka ake kiran su Banza Bakwai, ma'ana Shegu Bakwai.  Banza Bakwai sun yi amfani da yawancin al'adu da cibiyoyi na Hausa Bakwai amma ana ɗaukansu matsayin wararru ko kuma masarautu irin na Hausa na mutanen da ba asalin Hausawa bane. Waɗannan garuruwa sun haɗa da:

* Zamfara
* Kebbi
* Yauri (wanda ake kira Yawuri)
* Gwari (wanda ake kira Gwariland)
* Kwararafa (a Jukun state)
* Nupe (na mutanen Nupe )

### Ƙasar Hausa
Tsakanin al’ummar Hausawa guda 500 zuwa 700, waɗanda ake tunanin sun tashi daga Nubia sannu a hankali tare da cuɗanya da mazauna Arewacin yankin, sun kuma kafa jihohi da dama a Arewacin Najeriya da Gabashin Nijar. Da bacewar Nok da Sokoto, waɗanda a baya suka mallaki Tsakiya da Arewacin Najeriya tsakanin 800 BC zuwa 200, Hausawa sun sami damar fitowa a matsayin sabbin masu iko a yankin. Suna da alaƙa da mutanen Kanuri na Kanem-Bornu ( Tafkin Chadi ), Biram da Gwari da Nupe da Jukun.

Sarakunan Hausawa, ƙarƙashin Daular Mali sun karɓi Musulunci a karni na 11. A ƙarni na 12, Hausawa sun zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙasashen Afirka. Gine-ginen ƙasar Hausa ƙila yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda ba a sansu ba, amma na daga cikin mafi kyawu a zamanin da. Yawancin masallatai da fadojinsu na farko suna da haske da launuka kuma galibi sun haɗa da sassaƙaƙƙen zane-zane ko ƙayyadaddun alamomin da aka ƙera cikin ƙawa. A shekara ta 1500, Hausawa sun fara amfani da ingantaccen rubutun Larabci da aka fi sani da Ajami don yin rubutu da harshensu. Hausawa sun ajiye rubuce-rubucen tarihi da dama, wanda ya fi shahara shi ne na tarihin Kano.

### Daular Fulani da Daular Borno
Jihadin Shehu Usuman dan Fodio na ƙarni na 18 wacce ta kuma kawo sauyi a zamantakewa da addini da siyasa daga ƙarshe ya haɗe kasashen Hausa bakwai da sabbin larduna da aka ƙirƙiro a ƙarkashin Daular Sakkwato. Daular Sakkwato ta kasance ƙarƙashin jagorancin Amirul Muminin. Ƙarƙashin mulkin Ɗan Fodio, Daular ta kasance mai fuska biyu kuma ta kasu zuwa yankuna biyu kowanne an naɗa mata  sarki. Kowane yanki an ƙara raba shi zuwa Masarautu masu cin gashin kansu a ƙarƙashin sarakunan Hausa na gado. Da farko dai Masarautar Borno ta shiga cikin Halifancin Usman dan Fodio na Sokoto, amma bayan wasu shekaru ta balle.

### Mulkin Mallaka
Da farko, shigar Turawan Ingila Arewacin Najeriya ya shafi kasuwanci ne, kuma ya ta’allaka ne a kan faɗaɗa Kamfanin Royal Niger Company, wanda yankunan cikinsa suka bazu zuwa arewa daga inda kogin Neja da Benue suka haɗe a Lokoja da tsaunin Patti. Kamfanin Turawa na Royal Niger Company daga farko bata nuna wani barazana kai tsaye ga Daular Sokoto ko kuma jihohin Arewacin Najeriya ba. Hakan ya sauya, lokacin da Frederick Lugard da Taubman Goldie suka gindaya wani gagarumin shiri na tabbatar da zaman lafiya a tsakanin garin Niger da kuma haɗa ta da sauran daular Burtaniya. 

#### Tarihin Yankin Mulkin Mallaka na Arewacin Nijeriya.

 Frederick Lugard ya yi shelar mallakar Arewacin Najeriya a Ida, a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1897. Tushen mallakar ta samo asali ne daga Yarjejeniyar Berlin ta 1885, wadda ta bada Arewacin Najeriya ƙarƙashin ikon mallakar Birtaniyya, dangane da iko da suke da shi a Kudancin Najeriya. Ba da jimawa ba aka yi ta kaiwa Daular Sakkwato hari wacce ta kasance mai ƙarfi. Masarautar Kwantagora da Ilorin su ne na farko da Turawan Ingila suka mamaye. A watan Fabrairun 1903, aka kwace babban katangar Kano, masarautar Kano, Sokoto da sauran da garuruwa karkashin Halifancinta daga baya suka mika wuya. 

A ranar 13 ga watan Maris 1903, Babban yankin Shura ta Halifanci Shehu daga ƙarshe ta amince da buƙatun Lugard kuma ta ayyana Sarauniya Victoria a matsayin mamallakiyar Halifancin Shehu da dukannin sauran ƙasashenta. 

Gwamna Lugard, da 'yan kayan aiki kadan, ya mallake yankin tare da amincewar sarakunan yankin ta hanyar siyasar mulkin ta fakaice, wadda ya bunƙasa ta zama sahihiyar ƙa'idar siyasa. Yankin da ya ƙunshi yankin Arewacin Najeriya ya haɗa da yankin Okun-Yoruba na Kabba da Ogidi da Ijumu da Gbede da Yagba da ƙasar Ebira da ƙasar Igala da aka ƙera tare a ƙarkashin Lardin Kabba. Yankunan Ifelodun da Offa da Omuaran da Ifelodun da Irepodun da kuma Yarabawa, an tsara su zuwa lardin Ilorin. Lugard ya bar yankin ne bayan wasu shekaru, inda ya koma aiki a Hong Kong, amma daga ƙarshe aka dawo da shi aiki a Najeriya, inda a shekarar 1914 ya nemi haɗewar yankin Arewacin Najeriya da Kudancin Najeriya, wanda ya samar da Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Najeriya. 

Tashe-tashen hankali akan samun 'yancin kai daga yankuna daban-daban na Kudancin Najeriya, duk da haka, ya haifar da rarrabuwar kawuna a cikin 1940s. Kundin tsarin mulkin Richards da aka shelanta a shekarar 1945, ya bai wa yankin Arewa ikon mulki, wanda ta haɗa da fannin huldar ƙasashen waje da manufofin shiga. 

### Ƴanci
Yankin Arewacin Najeriya ta samu 'yancin mulkinta a ranar 15 ga Maris 1957, inda Sir Ahmadu Bello ya zama firayim ministan ta na farko. Jam’iyyar Peoples Congress ƙarkashin Ahmadu Bello ta mamaye majalisa yayin da Northern Elements Progressive Union ta zamo babbar jam’iyyar adawa. 

A shekarar 1967, Arewacin Najeriya ta samu wargajewa a sanadiyyar rabe-rabe.

## Gwamnati da Siyasa
An shirya Gwamnatin Arewacin Najeriya don koyi da tsarin Westminster. Firimiya zai kasance shugaban gwamnati kuma ya jagoranci al’amuran yau da kullum na gwamnati, yayin da Gwamnan Arewacin Najeriya zai kasance mataimakinsa kuma babban kwamandan ofishin jakadancin.

Ƙaramar Majalisar ta ƙunshi zabaɓɓun wakilai daga larduna daban-daban na ƙasar. Majalissar dokokin da ake kira House of Chefs, wacce ke kama da majalisar sarakunan Biritaniya, wanda ya ƙunshi sarakunan da ba zaɓar su aka yi ba na ƙananan hukumomi daban-daban na lardunan ƙasa. 

A shekarar 1967, gwamnatin mulkin soja ta tarayya ta Janar Yakubu Gowon ta wargaza yankuna huɗu da a lokacin suke matsayin Tarayyar Najeriya, inda ta samar da sabbin jihohi goma sha biyu. Arewacin Najeriya ya kasu zuwa Arewa-maso-Gabas, Arewa maso Yamma da Jihar Kano daJihar Kaduna daJihar Kwara da Jihar Benue-Plateau, kowa da kowa yana da Gwamna da gwamnatinsa. 

### Gwamna
 Babban Kwamishina ko kuma Gwamnan Arewacin Najeriya, asalinsa Babban Kwamishinan Kare Arewacin Najeriya ne, bayan 1914 Laftanar Gwamna, Babban Kwamishina, ko Gwamna-Janar na Lardunan Arewacin Najeriya, ya kasance mataimakin gwamnan Arewacin Najeriya, yana gudanar da aikin mulkin Turawa na Burtaniya. a matsayin wakilin Masarautar Burtaniya.

An fara kafa ofishin Babban Kwamishinan ne a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun 1897, ta hanyar haƙƙin mallaka na Sarauniya Victoria. Bayan tafiyar Turawan Ingila a 1960, an ci gaba da naɗa Gwamna har zuwa 1967 a matsayin wakilin sabuwar gwamnati a Legas.

Gwamnan ya jagoranci duk wasu harkokin bukukuwa tare da naɗa ‘yan majalisar dokoki ta ƙasa, majalisar sarakunan Arewacin Najeriya.

### Shugaban Majalisar Sarakunan
 

* Alhaji  *, CMG, Sarkin Gwandu*

### Shugabannin Majalisar
 

* Richard Dohew, 1954 - ?
* Alhajia' Umarure Gwandupe 

## Labarin Ƙasa
Tudu mafi tsawo a Arewacin Najeriya shi ne Chappal Waddi kimanin mita 2,419 m (7,936&nbsp;ft). Manyan kogunan su ne kogunan Neja da kogin Benuwai da ya haɗe lardin Kabba inda ya ke bi ta kudu daga ƙarshe ya shiga Tekun Atlantika .

Fadadan kwarin Neja da kogin Benue sun mamaye yankunan kudancin yankin. A kudu maso gabas na kogin Benue, tuddai da tsaunuka wanda suka zama Tudun Mambilla sun samar da tudu mafi girma a Arewacin Najeriya. Wannan fili yana kan iyaka da Kamaru, wannan ƙasa ta montane wani yanki ne na tsaunukan Bamenda a cikin Kamaru. 

Babban yankin Savannah na Babban Filin Ƙasar Hausata mamaye yawancin sauran lardin. wannan yanki na fuskantar ruwan sama tsakanin inci 20 zuwa 60 (508 da 1,524&nbsp;mm) a kowace shekara. Yankunan savannah guda uku sune gandun daji na Guinea-savanna mosaic, Sudan savannah, da Sahel savannah. Ginin gandun daji-savanna mosaic fili ne na dogayen ciyawa waɗanda bishiyoyi ke katsewa. Sudan savannah iri daya ce amma tare da gajerun ciyawa da gajarta bishiyoyi. Sahel savannah ya ƙunshi facin ciyawa da yashi, waɗanda ake samu a arewa maso gabas. A yankin Sahel, ruwan sama bai wuce inci 20 ba (508&nbsp;mm) a kowace shekara kuma hamadar Sahara tana mamayewa. A cikin busasshiyar arewa maso gabas na ƙasar akwai tafkin Chadi, wanda Arewacin Najeriya ya raba da Nijar, Chadi da Kamaru. 

Yankin Kudu maso Yammacin yankin ya hada da Ogidi, Iyamoye, Iyara wanda ke da dazuzzukan dazuzzukan da ke tsaka da tazarar yankunan guinea savannah (kuma suna iyaka da dazuzzukan yankin kudu maso yamma kuma ana raba irin wannan yanayin ruwan sama kuma ana ba da su ga noman tsabar kuɗi kamar kofi). da koko). 

## Rabe-rabe
Arewacin Najeriya ta rabu zuwa larduna goma sha uku:
 
Kano, wacce ita ce lardi mafi girma daga cikin larduna ta fuskar yawan jama'a da tattalin arziki, tana yankin Arewa ta Tsakiyar kasar nan. Hukumar ‘yan asali na Jihar Kano, reshen Masarautar fula Kano, ta gaji dadadden masana’antun kasuwanci da suka haifar da kasuwanci tsakanin Sahara da Arewacin Afirka.

Lardin Zariya gida ne ga birnin Kaduna, babban birni mai cin gashin kansa wanda ke matsayin babban birnin kasar kuma gida ne ga cibiyoyi na kasa. 

## Tattalin Arziki
Masana’antar gyada da auduga a lardin Kano ne suka samar da muhimmiyar hanyar samun kudaden shiga ga Arewacin Najeriya. Aikin hakar gwal a lardin Filato, hakar karafa a lardin Benue, da sauran masana'antun karafa a lardin Sakkwato, sun samar masana'antar hakar ma'adinai iri-iri na yankin. 

Masana'antar siminti a Sokoto da Bauchi da masana'antar sarrafa fata a Kano ne suka zama muhimman bangaren masana'antu.

## Mutane
Arewacin Najeriya ko kuma da yake yanki ne na kabilanci da addini, yanki ne da musulmi ke da rinjaye. Hausa, Fulani da Nupe sun mamaye yawancin yankunan Arewa maso Yamma da Gabashin Kasar. Hausa, Fulani sune asalin Musulmai.

Haka zalika kadan daga cikin al’ummar Hausawa sun yi riko da tsohon addinin Maguzanci. 

Galibin mutanen Nupe da Kanuri sun kasance Musulmai ne. Kiristoci kwarara na nan a daga arewa, sun koma kiristanci bayan turawan mulkin mallaka na kasar.

### Abubuwan da suka shafi haƙƙin ɗan adam
Hare-haren da Fulani makiyaya suka kai a kauyukan Arewa ya yi sanadin mutuwar mutane 6000 tun daga shekarar 2015, kamar yadda asusun Barnabas ya bayyana.   Fulani su ma sun sha fama da kashe-kashen gilla da manoman Kirista ke yi musu da dabbobinsu. Akwai maharan daga bangarorin biyu na wadannan rikice-rikice. 

## Duba kuma

* Jihohin Najeriya
* Al'adun Arewacin Najeriya

## Manazarta