Warmbad, Namibia

**Warmbad** (Afrikaans da Jamusanci don *Warm Bath*, Nama: **| Aixa-aibes**) ƙauye ne da ke a yankin ǁKaras na kudancin Namibiya. Tana kudu da Karasburg a kogin Homs, kusa da kan iyaka da Afirka ta Kudu, kuma tana cikin mazaɓar zaɓen Karasburg. 

Da farko 'yan kasuwa, mafarauta, da masu wa'azi na ikilisiyoyi daban-daban sun mamaye, an fara amfani da magudanan ruwan zafi da aka samo sunan mazaunin a farkon ƙarni na 20 kuma yanzu an haɓaka su zuwa wuraren shakatawa.  , an gano uranium a yankin.

A yanayin yanayi, Warmbad yana tsakanin hamadar bakin teku da Karoo. sanyi sanyi yana faruwa kuma ruwan sama kaɗan kaɗan (matsakaicin a shekara:  ).  Matsakaicin zafin jiki na tsakiya yana tsakanin digiri 12 zuwa 15. 

## Tarihi

### Kafin Zamanin mulkin mallaka
An fara ba wa Warmbad suna a shekara ta 1760 ta ɗan leken asiri Jacobus Coetzee, Bature na farko da aka rubuta don tsallaka kogin Oranje zuwa yankin Kudu maso Yammacin Afirka wanda a yau ya zama jihar Namibiya.  A lokacin ya kasance a matsayin tsayawa ga 'yan kasuwa, masu fafutuka da manyan mafarauta daga Afirka ta Kudu Cape Colony. A cikin shekarar 1805 mishan biyu daga Ƙungiyar Mishan ta London, Abraham da Christian Albrecht, sun ƙaddamar da ginin coci da gidan fasto, ta haka suka kafa tashar mishan ta farko a Afirka ta Kudu maso Yamma  a cikin shekarar 1806.  Ana tsammanin wannan shekarar ita ce shekarar kafuwar matsugunin.

Waɗannan gine-gine guda biyu sune gine-gine na farko irin na Turai a ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu ta Kudu. Al'ummar Orlam na gida ƙarƙashin jagorancin Jager Afrikaner nan da nan sun fusata game da tasirin Turai kuma suka lalata duka gine-gine a shekarar 1811. Har sai an sake gano ǁKhauxaǃnas wanda aka gina kafin zuwan ƙarni na 19  mafi daɗewa a Namibiya an ɗauka shine *Schmelenhaus* a Bethanie, wanda aka gina a cikin shekarar 1814.

A shekara ta 1834, ɗan mishan na Wesleyan Edward Cook ya shiga yankin kuma ya gina sabon ginin mishan a kan tushen gine-ginen da aka lalata. Masanin kimiyya Sir James Edward Alexander ya zauna a ɗaya daga cikin ɗakunansa a lokacin zamansa a shekarar 1836. A cikin shekarar 1840s Benjamin Ridsdale ya tsaya a nan kuma ya yi tafiye-tafiye da yawa zuwa al'ummomin Orlam na kusa. Ya kira Warmbad a matsayin *Nisbett Bath*.  A cikin shekarar 1867 Ƙungiyar Mishan ta Rhenish ta ɗauki aiki a Warmbad. An gina makaranta a shekarar 1868, da kuma sabon coci a 1877. 

### Lokacin mulkin mallaka na Jamus
Bayan da Imperial Jamus ta ayyana ikonta na yankin kudu maso yammacin Afirka, an gina wani katafaren kagara a Warmbad a shekara ta 1905, kuma sojojin Schutztruppe sun jibge a matsugunin don fuskantar boren Herero da Nama.  Jacob Morenga, ɗaya daga cikin jagororin adawa da Jamusawa, ya kai wa Jamusawan da ke zaune a Kudancin Namibiya hari daga ɓoyayyen sansaninsa ǁKhauxaǃnas. Makabartar Warmbad tana ɗauke da wani mutum-mutumi na tunawa da waɗannan abubuwan. 

A cikin shekarar 1908 an gina wurin shakatawa na farko a |Aixa-aibes hot maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, a cikin shekarar 1910 matsugunin ya sami matsayin gundumar. Duk da haka, Warmbad ya rasa ainihin mahimmancinsa a matsayin tsayawa a wannan lokacin, ya zama abin ketare ta hanyar haɗin jirgin ƙasa da sabbin hanyoyin gina hanyoyi. Yawancin gine-gine sun fara lalacewa. 

## Tattalin Arziki da Kayan Aiki
Yawancin mazauna Warmbad kusan 1,200 suna rayuwa cikin matsanancin talauci, kashi 90% ba su da aikin yi. Babu masana'antu a yankin, mazauna yankin suna tsira daga kuɗaɗen fansho na tsufa da kuma noman akuya. 

Wurin ya ƙunshi makaranta don ɗalibai 160, gidan kayan gargajiya da ke cikin tsohon ofishin 'yan sanda da coci. 

Tsakanin shekarun 2004 da 2006 Warmbad an haɓaka shi don dalilai na yawon buɗe ido, tare da |Aixa-aibes yana warkar da wurin shakatawa mai zafi a matsayin babban abin jan hankali. Gwamnatin Namibiya da gwamnatin Jamus sun tallafa wa aikin wanda ya haɗa da gyaran wurin wankan jama'a da kuma sake gina wasu gine-ginen tarihi.  Yayin da yake ƙarƙashin ikon Afirka ta Kudu, an sayar da magudanan ruwan zafi ga wani mai saka jari mai zaman kansa akan Rand 12,000. Bayan da Namibiya ta samu 'yancin kai, gwamnati ta sake siyan wurin sau biyar. Maɓuɓɓugan ruwa yanzu sun zama mallakar al'umma kuma. 

A cikin shekarar 2009, kamfanin hakar ma'adinai na Kanada Xemplar Energy ya ba da sanarwar gano manyan ma'adinan Uranium a yankin. Tun daga lokacin an jera Xemplar a kasuwar hada-hadar hannayen jari ta Namibia. 

## Cocin Dutch Reformed
Bayan yakin Boer na biyu, wasu 'yan Afrikan sun gwammace yin hijira zuwa Afirka ta Kudu maso yammacin Afirka fiye da zama a Afirka ta Kudu a ƙarƙashin mulkin Birtaniya. Yayin da ƙarin masu magana da harshen Afirka suka zo yankin, buƙatar cocin Afrikaans ya ƙaru. Cocin Dutch Reformed a Afirka ta Kudu (NGK) majagaba, Rev. Leonard, wanda a lokacin yana da dukan Afirka ta Kudu maso Yamma a wurinsa, ya yi hidima ga mazauna da yawa ta sa da keken jakuna.

A lokacin, Kudu maso Yamma yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin Majalisar Dattijan Upington kuma an san shi da Cocin Dutch Reformed Gibeon, uwar coci na dukan Namibiya NGK na yanzu. A ranar 23 ga watan Yuni, 1928, an raba ikilisiyar Warmbad daga Ikilisiyar Reformed Dutch Keetmanshoop, kanta wani yanki ne na Gibeon wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1924. A ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 1929, an tabbatar da Dr. AJ Stals a matsayin fasto na farko na ikilisiya. Ya yi aiki a lokacin fari da Babban Bacin rai har zuwa Afrilu watan 1935. A ranar 22 ga watan Yuni, 1935, an saka hannun jarin JH Steenkamp a matsayin fasto na gaba na cocin. A lokacin aikinsa, a ranar 14 ga watan Mayu, 1939, kusa da tashar jirgin ƙasa a Kalkfontein (yanzu Karasburg), an aza ginshiƙin babban ɗakin ginin da zai gina Cocin Dutch Reformed Karasburg a kan kafuwarta a 1952.

## Tushen

* Olivier, Dr. PL (mai tarawa). 1952. Ons gemeentelike feesalbum ("Albam din bikin mu na ikilisiya"). Cape Town da Pretoria: Gidan Lantarki na Cocin Dutch Reformed.

## Manazarta