open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Vin Murria

**Vinodka "Vin" Murria** OBE (an haife ta a shekara ta 1962) 'yar kasuwa ce ta Burtaniya kuma ta kafa Advanced Computer Software inda ta kasance Shugaba har sai an saye ta a shekarar 2015. Kafin wannan ita ce ta kafa kuma Shugaba na Computer Software Group Plc, wanda Hellman &amp;amp; Friedman suka samu a 2007.  Tana aiki a matsayin mai saka hannun jari / mai ba da shawara ga HgCapital .

A shekarar 2018, Murria ta sami lambar yabo ta OBE don ayyukan da suka shafi tattalin arzikin dijital na Burtaniya, da kuma ci gaban mata a fannin software. 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Murria a Punjab, Indiya, kuma ta ƙaura zuwa Burtaniya tana da shekaru uku.  Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta da kuma digiri na MBA daga Jami'ar Landan . 

## Sana'a
Murria ta fara aikinta a Kewill Systems. Lokacin da ta bar kamfanin a shekara ta 2001, ta hau kan muƙamin babban jami'in gudanarwa na ƙungiyar. 

Bayan lokacinta a Kewill, ta fara tafiyarta da wani kamfanin Shell, Computer Software Group a shekarar 2002. An mayar da kamfanin sirri da HG Capital a watan Afrilun 2007, inda aka haɗa shi da manhajar Iris, aka kuma sayar da shi ga Hellman &amp;amp; Friedman kan fam miliyan 500 a watan Yulin 2007. 

Murria ta kasance abokin tarayya a Elderstreet Investments tun daga shekarar 2002. 

A shekarar 2008, Murria ta kafa Advanced Computer Software Group.  A shekarar 2015 ta sayar da kasuwancin akan fam miliyan 765 ga Vista Equity Partners sannan daga baya aka sake sayar da shi a watan Satumba na 2019 akan fam biliyan 2 inda Vista da BC Partners yanzu suka mallaki shi.  

An kuma naɗa Murria ta zama a kan kwamitoci daban-daban.     A halin yanzu tana kan kwamitocin Bunzl Plc (FTSE 100), Softcat Plc (FTSTE 250) da Silicon Valley Bank. Mukaman da ta riƙe a baya ba na daraktan zartarwa ba sun haɗa da Chime Plc, Zoopla Plc, da Sophos Plc. 

A watan Satumba na 2018, Murria ta shiga Pythagoras Communications a matsayin babban mai hannun jari kuma shugaba.  Ernst &amp;amp; Young ne ya sayi kasuwancin a watan Mayu na 2021. 

A watan Mayun 2020, Murria ta zama babbar mai hannun jari a M&amp;amp;C Saatchi, kuma daga baya da motarta ADVT ta fadada hannun jarin zuwa kashi 22.3% na kamfanin da aka faɗaɗa.  A watan Satumba na 2022, an sanar da cewa masu hannun jari sun ƙi tayin Murria na mallakar M&C Saatchi. 

## Kyaututtuka
An nada Murria a matsayin Mace ta Shekara a lambar yabo ta Cisco Everywoman a Fasaha ta 2012 da kuma 'Yan kasuwa na Shekara a lambar yabo ta AIM ta 2012.    An kuma nada ta a matsayin Kyauta ta Fasaha ta Burtaniya ta 2013 (an raba ta da David Braben, Shugaba na Frontier Developments ).  A shekarar 2014, an nada Advanced a matsayin Kamfanin Fasaha na Shekara.  Jami'ar Edinburgh Napier ta ba ta digirin girmamawa. 

## Manazarta
Sacha Jenkins

**Sacha Sebastian Jenkins** (22 ga Agusta, 1971 - 23 ga Mayu, 2025) fitaccen mai shirya fina-finai ne na Amurka, mai shirya fina-finai, marubuci, mawaƙi, mai zane, mai kula da kuma mai rubuta tarihin hip-hop, graffiti, punk, da al'adun ƙarfe. Yayin da yake matashi, Jenkins ya buga *Graphic Scenes & X-Plicit Language,* ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin 'zines' waɗanda aka keɓe musamman ga fasahar "graffiti". A shekarar 1994, Jenkins ya kafa mujallar *Ego Trip* tare. A shekarar 2007, ya ƙirƙiri shirin gaskiya na gasar *Ego Trip mai suna The (White) Rapper Show*, wanda VH1 ke ɗaukar nauyinsa. Jenkins shi ne darektan kirkire-kirkire na mujallar *Mass Appeal* . 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Sacha Jenkins a Philadelphia, a ranar 22 ga Agusta, 1971.  Iyalan Jenkins sun zauna a Silver Spring, Maryland wanda ke kusa da Washington, DC, har sai da Sacha Jenkins ta cika shekara bakwai. Bayan da iyayensa suka rabu, mahaifin Jenkins, Horace Byrd Jenkins III, ya koma Harlem . (Horace farfesa ne na sadarwa a Jami'ar Howard .) Jenkins, tare da mahaifiyarsa, Monart, da 'yar'uwarsa, Dominique, sun ƙaura zuwa Queens, New York a shekarar 1977.

Horace Jenkins ya lashe kyaututtukan Emmy saboda gudummawar da ya bayar a shirye-shiryen talabijin na The Advocates, Sesame Street, da 30 Minutes (jerin talabijin na CBS ), kuma ya kasance majagaba a tsarin mujallar talabijin tare da shirin Black Journal . [1] A ƙarƙashin sunan Horace Jenkins, ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni a fim ɗin Cane River (1982). [2] A wannan shekarar, Horace ya mutu sakamakon bugun zuciya.

## Ilimi
Jenkins ya kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Sakandare ta William Cullen Bryant da ke Astoria a Queens, New York a shekarar 1990.  Ya je Kwalejin Brooklyn da Kwalejin City ta New York . A shekarar 2000, an ba Jenkins tallafin karatu ga Makarantar Digiri ta Aikin Jarida ta Ƙasa ta Shirin Aikin Jarida na Ƙasa a Jami'ar Columbia .  

## Sana'a
A shekarar 1988, Jenkins ya buga "zine- *Graphic Scenes & XPlicit Language"* na farko - ɗaya daga cikin mujallu na farko da aka keɓe don zane-zanen graffiti. A shekarar 1992, Jenkins da abokinsa Haji Akhigbade sun kafa *Beat-Down Newsletter*, wata jaridar hip-hop ta farko.  Editan  *Beat Down* shine mai rubutun ra'ayin kanka a yanar gizo na gaba Elliott Wilson .

#### MANAZARTA
Georgia O'Connor

**Georgia Ann Cardinali** (née **O'Connor** ;  18 ga Fabrairu 2000 - 22 ga Mayu 2025) ƙwararriyar 'yar dambe ce ta Ingila wadda ta fara aikinta da rashin kaye bayan ta zama ƙwararriya a 2021. A matsayinta na mai son wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, ta sami lambobin yabo na ƙasa da ƙasa da yawa, ciki har da zinare a Wasannin Matasa na Commonwealth na 2017 da kuma kammala mumbari a Gasar Matasa ta Duniya da Gasar Turai .

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
O'Connor ta zauna a Faransa na ɗan lokaci tun tana ƙarama kuma ta iya magana da Faransanci sosai. Ta kasance mai bel ɗin baƙi kuma ta lashe gasar ƙasa sau uku a Taekwondo, haka kuma ba a doke ta ba a wasan kickboxing. Ta yi karatun digiri a fannin injiniyan gine-gine kuma ta buga guitar sannan ta rera waƙa a lokacin hutunta. 

## Sana'a
A matsayinta na mai son wasa, ta lashe lambar zinare a Gasar Matasa ta Commonwealth ta 2017, azurfa a Gasar Duniya ta Matasa ta 2017  da kuma tagulla a Gasar Duniya ta Matasa ta 2018.  Ta kuma kai zagayen kwata-kwata a Gasar Matasa ta Turai ta 2018 bayan ta lashe lambobin tagulla da azurfa a matsayin ƙaramar yarinya a bugu na baya na gasar.  Ta zama ƙwararriya a 2021  kuma ta lashe dukkan fafatawa uku da ta yi a matsayi mai albashi. 

## Rayuwa da mutuwarsa
O'Connor ya auri Adriano Cardinali a ranar 9 ga Mayu 2025. 

O'Connor ya sha wahala daga cututtukan ulcerative colitis da primary sclerosing cholangitis, kuma an gano shi da ciwon daji a watan Janairun 2025. Ta mutu daga ciwon daji a ranar 22 ga Mayu 2025, tana da shekaru 25.[1][2][3][4] Kafin bincikenta na ciwon daji a watan Janairun 2025, O'Connor ta ce "babu wani likita da ya dauke ni da muhimmanci".

#### MANAZARTA
Étienne-Émile Baulieu

**Étienne-Émile Baulieu** (  ; 12 ga Disamba 1926 - 30 ga Mayu 2025) ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar halittu ne kuma likitan zuciya na Faransa wanda aka fi sani da bincikensa a fannin hormones na steroid da kuma rawar da suke takawa wajen haihuwa da tsufa . An yi masa lakabi da "uban" maganin zubar da ciki galibi sakamakon aikinsa kan maganin zubar da ciki na RU486 (Mifepristone). Baulieu ya kuma yi aiki don tantance ko dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) prohormone ne kuma ko shi da sauran maye gurbin hormones suma suna ƙara tsawon rai ga mutane.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Baulieu Émile Blum ga iyayen Yahudawa a Strasbourg, Faransa, a ranar 12 ga Disamba 1926.  Mahaifinsa, wanda ya mutu lokacin da Baulieu ke da shekaru hudu, shi ne Léon Blum, likita kuma kwararre ne na farko a ciwon sukari. Baulieu ya canza sunansa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu lokacin da iyalinsa suka gudu zuwa yankin da ke kusa da Grenoble kuma ya shiga cikin juriyar Faransa. Bayan yakin, ya halarci Faculté de Médecine de Paris kuma ya zama likita a shekarar 1955. Ya ci gaba da karatu a karkashin jagorancinsa Max Fernand Jayle (1913-1978 ) a fagen hormones na steroid kuma ya sami digirinsa na PhD a 1963 a Faculté de Médecine da Faculté des Sciences a Paris  

## Sana'a
A shekarar 1963, an nada Baulieu a matsayin darektan bincike (daidai da cikakken farfesa na bincike) a INSERM, kuma a shekarar 1970 ya zama farfesa a fannin Biochemistry a Faculty of Medicine of Bicêtre, wanda ke da alaƙa da Jami'ar Paris -South.  Tun daga shekarar 2004, Baulieu memba ne na "Kwamitin Ba da Shawara kan Ɗabi'a" na Faransa ( Comité Consultatif National d'Ethique ) don kimiyya da lafiya. Haka kuma yana da alaƙa da "Cibiyar Tsawon Rai da Tsufa" (L'Institut de la longévité, des vieillesses et du vieillissement).  A shekarar 2008, ya fara *Institut Baulieu*, wani shirin bincike don nazari da magance cututtukan jijiyoyi, da kuma haɓaka bincike kan tsawon rai mai kyau.  

### Bincike
Baulieu yana da sha'awar dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). A shekarar 1960 ya nuna cewa DHEA ita ce babban sinadarin androgen na adrenal, wanda aka haɗa shi da sinadarin hydrophilic sulfate, kuma ya bayyana yadda yake aiki da kuma ayyukansa. Ya yi aiki don gano samar da estrogens ta hanyar mahaifa yayin daukar ciki kuma wannan ya haifar da ra'ayin cewa DHEA " prohormone " ne. Bayan gayyatar Seymour Lieberman, [1] Baulieu ya zama masanin kimiyya mai ziyara a Jami'ar Columbia a 1961-1962, kuma a wannan lokacin ya haɗu da Gregory Pincus, mahaifin " kwayar hana haihuwa ". [2] Daga nan Baulieu ya koma ga ƙarin bincike kan hana haihuwa da kuma daidaita haihuwa da ciki. Ya zama majagaba a cikin bayanin masu karɓar steroid na jima'i a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta kuma ya gano manyan mahalarta cikin ƙwayoyin halitta kamar sunadaran girgizar zafi . Ya yi aiki akan mai karɓar progesterone da mai karɓar androgen . Duk da cewa galibi ana samun masu karɓar steroid a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta, Baulieu ya gano mai karɓar membrane don hormone steroid a cikin Xenopus laevis .

## Mutuwa
Baulieu ya mutu a gidansa da ke Paris, a ranar 30 ga Mayu 2025, yana da shekaru 98.  

### MANAZARTA
Phil Robertson

**Phil Alexander Robertson** (Afrilu 24, 1946 - Mayu 25, 2025) ƙwararren mafarauci ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka, ɗan kasuwa kuma mutum ne mai hazaka a talabijin wanda ya kafa kamfanin kayayyakin farauta Duck Commander . Tauraron talabijin na gaskiya a cikin shirin talabijin mai farin jini *na Duck Dynasty*, an kuma nuna shi a shirin talabijin *na Duck Commander*, wani shirin farauta a kan Tashar Waje .  Ya yi aiki a matsayin uba na dangin *Duck Dynasty* Robertson.  

Robertson ya halarci Jami'ar Fasaha ta Louisiana, inda ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa. Ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin ilimi kuma ya shafe shekaru da dama yana koyarwa kafin ya kafa Duck Commander, wani kamfanin kayan farauta.

Ya kasance abin muhawara bayan wata hira da ya yi da mujallar *GQ* a shekarar 2013, inda ya ce halayen luwaɗi zunubi ne. Sakamakon haka, A&amp;amp;E ta dakatar da shi daga *Daular Duck* .     Ganin matsin lamba daga magoya bayansa, A&E ta janye dakatarwar bayan kwana tara. 

Robertson ya fara koyar da makaranta tsawon shekaru da dama  kafin ya zama mai kamun kifi na kasuwanci . Yana zaune a cikin tirela kuma yana gudanar da mashayar honkytonk a shekarar 1975. Robertson ya kai hari ga wani mai mashaya da matarsa bayan wata jayayya.  

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Robertson da Marsha "Miss Kay" Carroway sun fara soyayya a shekarar 1964 a matsayin "masoyan makarantar sakandare."  Ma'auratan sun yi aure a shekarar 1966.   Duk da matsalolin da suka fuskanta a aurensu sakamakon "jima'i, miyagun kwayoyi da salon rayuwar rock 'n' roll na Robertson,"  wani edita na 2013 da wakilin Yahoo! TV Kelly Woo ya wallafa ya bayyana auren Robertsons a matsayin "auren da ya daɗe yana wanzuwa." An haifi ɗansu na fari, Alan, yayin da suke karatun jami'a. 

Robertson Kirista ne mai ibada, memba kuma dattijo a Cocin White's Ferry Road na Christ  da ke West Monroe, kuma ya kasance mai bayyana imaninsa. Ya fuskanci matsaloli daban-daban na kansa a cikin shekarunsa na 20, ciki har da shan giya mai yawa, wanda ya haifar da rabuwa a cikin auren na ɗan lokaci, kuma ya yaba wa farkawar addini da ta biyo baya saboda nasarar da ya samu wajen shawo kan matsalolin.  Robertson ya yi adawa da zubar da ciki kuma ya kira hakan da keta Dokar 'Yanci .  Ya kan yi magana game da batun a lokacin da yake bayyana a bainar jama'a.   A cikin 2013, tare da marubucin haɗin gwiwa Mark Schlabach, Robertson ya buga wani tarihin rayuwa mai taken *Farin Ciki, Farin Ciki, Farin Ciki* . 

#### MANAZARTA
Paula Nickolds

**Paula Margaret Nickolds** (an haife ta a ranar 3 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1973) 'yar kasuwa ce ta Burtaniya wacce ta kasance shugabar kamfanin The White Company tun watan Maris na shekara ta 2024. Daga Janairun 2017 har zuwa Janairun 2020, ta kasance manajan darektan na sashen kantin sayar da kayayyaki na John Lewis.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Nickolds a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 1973.  Mahaifinta, Clive Nickolds, babban darakta ne a Marks &amp;amp; Spencer, kuma shugaban ayyukanta na ƙasashen duniya.  Ta sami digirin farko a tarihi daga Jami'ar Southampton,  kuma ta halarci Makarantar St Helen inda ta yi awanni a cikin wurin wanka a matsayin memba mai himma a cikin ƙungiyar ninkaya.  Yayin da take karatu a Southampton, mahaifinta ya koma Kanada don M&S, kuma ta ziyarci lokacin hutu don yin aiki a Holt Renfrew . 

## Sana'a
A shekarar 1994, Nickolds ta haɗu da John Lewis a matsayin mai koyon aiki a babban shagonsu na Oxford Street.  A watan Janairun 2017, ta gaji Andy Street a matsayin manajan darakta na John Lewis; ta haka ta zama mace ta farko da ta riƙe wannan matsayi a tarihin kamfanin na shekaru 153. 

Ba zato ba tsammani ta bar kamfanin a watan Janairun 2020, tare da manyan jami'ai biyu na John Lewis, waɗanda suka daɗe suna aiki a kamfanin, a daidai lokacin da take neman yin wani gagarumin gyara don haɗa kasuwancinta na kayan abinci da na shaguna.

A watan Mayun 2021, an sanar da cewa Sainsbury's ta naɗa ta don gudanar da sashin kula da tufafi da kayayyakin yau da kullun na £7.8bn, wanda hakan ya sa ta yi karo da tsohon ma'aikacinta John Lewis. 

A watan Janairun 2024, an sanar da cewa za ta bar Sainsbury's don zama babbar jami'a a Kamfanin White, daga ƙarshen Maris. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Nickolds ta auri David Morley, tsohon manaja John Lewis, wanda ta haɗu da shi yayin da yake aiki a can.  

## manazarta
Collège-Lycée La Réussite

**Collége-Lycée Privé La Reussite** ƙaramar Islama ce kuma babbar makarantar sakandare/ da kwalejin nau'i na shida a Aubervilliers, Seine-Saint-Denis, Faransa, a cikin babban birni na Paris. 

An fara kafa ta a shekara ta 2001. A cikin 2006 ta nemi Kwalejin Créteil [fr] ta ba da kwangila tare da gwamnati.don haka za ta iya samun tallafin jiha.

## Hanyoyin hadin waje

* Collége-Lycée La Reussite 

## Manazarta
Katri Kaarlonen

**Katri Kaarlonen** (née **Kallio**; 28 Maris 1915 - 1 Oktoba 2008) 'yar siyasar Finland ce, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na majalisar dokokin Lardin Turku (kudu)  (yanzu Varsinais-Suomi), wakiltar Jam'iyyar Tsakiya . 

Ta kasance memba na kwalejin zaɓe a zaben shugaban kasa na 1962 da 1968, ta taimaka wajen sake zabar dan takarar jam'iyyarta, Urho Kekkonen . 

A waje da siyasa, Kaarlonen ya yi aiki a matsayin malami na lambu, da kuma gudanar da gonar iyali a Perniö. A shekara ta 1985, an ba ta lakabin girmamawa na *Opetusneuvos* (lit. 'Mai ba da shawara na Koyarwa'). 

Mahaifinta shi ne shugaban kasar Finland na 4, Kyösti Kallio . [1] Babbar 'yar uwarta Kerttu Saalasti ita ma 'yar majalisar dattijai ce mai dadewa, kuma Ministan Ilimi na lokaci guda.[2]

## Manazarta
Matti Kekkonen

**Matti Kaleva Kekkonen** (4 ga Satumba 1928 - 3 ga Yulin 2013 ) ɗan siyasan Finland ne kuma lauya, ɗan shugaban kasar Urho Kekkonen kuma marubuci Sylvi Kekkonen .

Matti Kekkonen ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya a cikin shekarun 1950 da 1960. A shekara ta 1957, ya sami taken varatuomari . Daga 1958 zuwa 1970 ya kasance memba na Majalisar dokokin Finland. Ya kuma kasance mai jefa kuri'a a shekarar 1962 da 1968. Bayan aikinsa na shekaru 12 a majalisa, ya yi aiki a Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona da Kudancin daji daga 1970 zuwa 1979. 

Ɗan'uwansa ɗan tagwaye shi ne jami'in diflomasiyya kuma jakadan Taneli Kekkonen, wanda ya kashe kansa a ranar 11 ga Yulin 1985, ya riga mahaifinsa da sama da shekara guda.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Matti Kekkonen ta auri malamin kiɗa Marja Linnala, 'yar mawaƙa Eino Linnala. Linnala ta fitar da litattafan kiɗa kuma daga baya bayanan biyu: Töölön Asawa (2003) da Kekkosten miniänä (2010). Kekkosten miniänä ya ba da labarin rayuwarta a matsayin matar Matti Kekkonen kuma a matsayin surukar Urho da Sylvi Kekkonen .

Daga aurensu, Kekkonen da Linnala suna da 'yar daya, Salla (an haife ta 1957).

Kekkonen ya mutu a Helsinki yana da shekaru 84 a ranar 3 ga Yulin 2013.

## Manazarta
Taneli Kekkonen

**Taneli Kaleva Kekkonen** (4 ga Satumba 1928 - 11 ga Yulin 1985) ya kasance jami'in diflomasiyyar Finland kuma ɗan Urho Kekkonen, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Finland daga 1956 zuwa 1982, kuma marubuci Sylvi Kekkonen .

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Kekkonen a Helsinki, a matsayin daya daga cikin tagwaye na Urho Kekkonen da Sylvi Kekkonen . Ya sami digiri na farko na Kimiyya ta Siyasa.

## Ayyuka
Kekkonen ya fara aikinsa a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Finland a shekarar 1952. Ya zama jakadan Finland a Belgrade, Yugoslavia a 1975. Daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin jakada a Athens, Roma, Malta, da Warsaw . A shekara ta 1984, an nada shi a matsayin jakadan Finland a Tel Aviv, Isra'ila .

## Rayuwa ta mutum
A shekara ta 1952, Kekkonen ya auri Brita Fagerholm, 'yar K.A. Fagerholm. wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na Finland daga 1948 zuwa 1950 kuma daga 1956 zuwa 1957. Suna da 'ya'ya biyu, Timo (an haife shi a shekara ta 1957) da Tea (an haifee shi a shekara de 1963).

## Mutuwa
A farkon shekarun 1980s, an kama Kekkonen yana tuki cikin maye, wanda ya haifar da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Finland ta kira shi daga Tel Aviv. Bayan abin da ya faru, Kekkonen ya yi baƙin ciki sosai kuma ya gaya wa matarsa Brita cewa zai kashe kansa. Ta tambaye shi ya jira akalla shekara guda. A wannan lokacin, Kekkonen ya zauna a ofishinsa a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje a lokacin ofis, amma ba a ba shi aiki ba.

A ranar 11 ga Yuli, 1985, an sami Kekkonen ya mutu a gidansa bayan ya kashe kansa ta hanyar ratayewa.

## Manazarta
Kalervo Kallio

**Niilo Kalervo Kallio** (28 Maris 1909 - 2 Nuwamba 1969) ya kasance mai zane-zane na Finland. Shi ne ɗan shugaban Finland na huɗu, Kyösti Kallio . 

Ayyukan da aka fi sani da Kallio sune mutum-mutumi na tunawa da mahaifinsa, wanda ke Helsinki, da kuma bust na mataimakin shugaban Amurka na 35 Alben W. Barkley . An sanya bus din a Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka a Washington, DC. [2]

## Shahararrun ayyukan

* Abin tunawa da kabarin Leevi Madetoja, makabartar Hietaniemi, Helsinki (1955) 
* *Jätkänpatsas*, Rovaniemi (1955) 
* Bust na Alben W. Barkley, Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Bust Collection, Washington, DC (1958) 
* Abin tunawa da Kyösti Kallio, Helsinki (1962) 
* The Javelin Thrower, Pori_Stadium" id="mwKg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Pori Stadium">Filin wasa na Pori, Pori (1966) 
* Siffar Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, Mikkeli (1967)

## Manazarta
Pertti Paasio

**Pertti Kullervo Paasio** (2 ga Afrilu 1939 - 4 ga Afrilu 2020) ɗan siyasan Finland ne daga Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party . An haife shi a Helsinki.

Paasio ya shiga cikin siyasar birni na Turku kuma an zabe shi a cikin majalisa a shekarar 1965. Paasio ya zama memba na majalisa a watan Yulin 1975, duk da haka, ya rasa kujerar a zaben majalisar dokoki na 1979. A shekara ta 1982 ya maye gurbin Jacob Söderman a majalisar kuma ya rike kujerar har sai an zabe shi a majalisar dokokin Turai a shekara ta 1996. 

Paasio ya bi hanyar mahaifinsa, Rafael Paasio, lokacin da aka zabe shi ya gaji Kalevi Sorsa a matsayin Shugaban Jam'iyyar Social Democratic a shekarar 1987. Paasio ya gaji Sorsa a cikin gwamnati a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Waje a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 1989. [1][2] Koyaya, Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ta sha kashi a zaben 'yan majalisa na 1991, wanda ya haifar da murabus din Paasio a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar.

'Yarsa Heli Paasio ta kasance memba na majalisar. Ya mutu a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2020, kwana biyu bayan ranar haihuwarsa ta 81. 

## Manazarta
Gidan shakatawa na Urho Kekkonen

Urho Kekkonen National Park (Finnish: Urho Kekkosen kansallispuisto, Arewacin Sami: Urho Kekkonen álbmotmeahcci, an rage shi zuwa UK[1]) wurin shakatawa ne na kasa a Lapland, Finland, yana a yankin gundumar Savukoski, Sodankylä da Inari. An kafa shi a cikin 1983 kuma yana da fadin murabba'in kilomita 2,550 (985 sq mi), yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren kariya na Finland. Sunan ta ne bayan Urho Kekkonen, marigayi shugaban kasa kuma Firayim Minista na Finland.

Kogin Suomujoki yana gudana ta bangarorin arewacin wurin shakatawa daban-daban. Hanyoyin da aka yi alama a yammacinsa wuri ne mai sauƙi har ma da wanda ba shi da ƙwarewa, yayin da jeji yana da kyau ga tafiye-tafiye masu tsawo da wahala.

Yawancin tafiye-tafiye zuwa Urho Kekkonen National Park ana farawa ne daga tsakiyar Kiilopää, tafkin Aittajärvi tare da kogin Suomujoki, ko Raja-Jooseppi, kuma masu ba da kaya yawanci suna ƙare kusa da layin Saariselkä, alal misali a saman mafi girman faduwa, Sokosti. Kiwon reindeer har yanzu abu ne na yau da kullun a yankin.

## Hotuna

Fayil:Rumakurun_Tupa.jpg|A wilderness hut in UK national park
Fayil:Harrijärvi_UK-puisto_01.JPG|Lake Harrijärvi


## Dubi kuma

* Jerin wuraren shakatawa na kasa na Finland
* Yankunan da aka kare a Finland
* Maanselkä

## Manazarta
Alasdair MacIntyre

**Alasdair Chalmers MacIntyre**  (12 Janairu 1929 - 21 Mayu 2025) masanin falsafa ne ɗan asalin Scotland-Amurka wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga falsafar ɗabi'a da siyasa da kuma tarihin falsafa da tauhidi.  Littafin MacIntyre *na Bayan Nagarta* (1981) yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukan falsafar ɗabi'a da siyasa ta Anglophone a ƙarni na 20.  Ya kasance babban jami'in bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin Aristotelian na Zamani a Ɗabi'a da Siyasa (CASEP) a Jami'ar Metropolitan ta London, Farfesa na Falsafa na Emeritus a Jami'ar Notre Dame, kuma babban jami'in bincike na dindindin a Cibiyar Ɗabi'a da Al'adu ta Notre Dame de Nicola.  A tsawon aikinsa na ilimi, ya kuma koyar a Jami'ar Brandeis, Jami'ar Duke, Jami'ar Vanderbilt, da Jami'ar Boston .

An haifi MacIntyre a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1929 a Glasgow, ga Eneas da Greta (Chalmers) MacIntyre. Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Queen Mary, London, kuma ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin Fasaha daga Jami'ar Manchester, inda malamin falsafarsa Dorothy Emmet ne kuma ɗalibinsa Herbert McCabe  kuma daga Jami'ar Oxford . Ya fara aikinsa na koyarwa a shekarar 1951 a Manchester. Ya auri Ann Peri, wacce suka haifi 'ya'ya mata biyu, Jean da Toni.  Ya koyar a Jami'ar Leeds, Jami'ar Essex da Jami'ar Oxford a Burtaniya, kafin ya koma Amurka a kusan 1969. MacIntyre wani mutum ne mai ilimi, bayan ya koyar a jami'o'i da yawa a Amurka. Ya riƙe mukamai kamar haka:

Tsarin MacIntyre na falsafar ɗabi'a ya haɗa wasu abubuwa masu rikitarwa. Duk da cewa galibi yana da niyyar farfaɗo da falsafar ɗabi'a ta Aristotelian bisa ga kyawawan halaye, yana da'awar "fahimtar zamani" game da wannan aiki.

#### MANAZARTA
Ma'aikatar Kekkonen II

**Ma'aikatar Kekkonen ta biyu** ita ce gwamnatin Finland ta 34, wacce ta wanzu daga 17 ga Janairu 1951 zuwa 20 ga Satumba 1951. Gwamnati ce mai rinjaye, kuma Firayim Minista shi ne Urho Kekkonen .

## Ministoci
Akwai jimlar ministoci 11 a cikin majalisar ministoci ta biyu ta Kekkonen: biyar (ciki har da Kekkonen da kansa) daga Agrarian League, hudu daga Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party, daya daga Jam'antar Jama'ar Sweden da Jam'iyyar National Progressive Party, kuma daya mai zaman kansa. Bugu da ƙari, ƙarin ministoci 6 sun yi aiki a cikin ma'aikatu daban-daban: uku daga Jam'iyyar Social Democratic, biyu daga Agrarian League, da ɗaya daga Jam'idar Jama'ar Sweden. Rafael Paasio ya yi aiki a matsayin minista a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Jama'a da Ma'aikatu na Sufuri da Ayyukan Jama'a.[1]

## Ministoci

## Manazarta
Jirgin ruwa na Lepikko

Lepikko torp (Finnish) wani torp ne na tsakiyar karni na 19 ko Gidan croft wanda ke Pielavesi, tsakiyar Finland, sananne ne a matsayin wurin haihuwar Shugaban Finland na 8, Urho Kekkonen (1900-1986). 

Ginin an gina shi ne da katako, kuma da farko ya kunshi ɗaki ɗaya. Lokacin da Kekkonens suka koma ciki, sun sabunta ginin, gami da ƙara murhu (a baya murhu na farko ba shi da komai). 

Kekkonens ba manoma ba ne a zahiri; mahaifin Urho, manajan gandun daji Juho Kekkonen, ya hayar gidan, saboda yana da kyau don aikinsa a lokacin.[1][2] Duk da haka, lokacin da Urho Kekkonen ya fara tsayawa takarar shugaban kasa, gidan ya fito ne a cikin kamfen dinsa, don tallafawa siffarsa ta mutum a matsayin "yaro daga cikin torp"; har ma an gyara bututun wuta daga hoto mai kyau na ginin, don jaddada matsayinsa na tawali'u.[1]

A shekara ta 1966, an canza torp ɗin zuwa gidan kayan gargajiya na Kekkonen.

Ginin ya tsara kuma ya kare shi ta Hukumar Tarihin Finland a matsayin muhimmiyar yanayin al'adu da aka gina a kasa (Valtakunn Heaven indirectväettu kulttuuriympäristö). 

## Manazarta
Jayant Narlikar

**Jayant Vishnu Narlikar** FNA, FASc, FTWAS (19 Yuli 1938 - 20 Mayu 2025) masanin ilmin taurari ne ɗan ƙasar Indiya wanda ya yi bincike kan kimiyyar sararin samaniya ta madadin . Ya kuma kasance marubuci wanda ya rubuta littattafan karatu kan ilimin sararin samaniya, littattafan kimiyya masu shahara, da kuma littattafan almara na kimiyya da gajerun labarai.

Narlikar ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Banaras Hindu da Jami'ar Cambridge, inda ya sami digirin digirgir a shekarar 1963 yana aiki tare da Fred Hoyle . Bayan kammala karatun digiri na uku a Cambridge, a shekarar 1972 aka naɗa shi farfesa a Cibiyar Bincike ta Tata . A shekarar 1988, ya zama darektan farko na Cibiyar Nazarin Falaki da Falaki ta Jami'o'i ta Inter-University (IUCAA)

An haifi Narlikar a Kolhapur, Indiya, a ranar 19 ga Yulin 1938, a cikin dangin ilimi. Mahaifinsa, Vishnu Vasudev Narlikar, masanin lissafi ne kuma masanin kimiyyar lissafi wanda ya kasance farfesa kuma shugaban sashen a Jami'ar Hindu ta Banaras (BHU), Varanasi . Mahaifiyarsa, Sumati Narlikar, masanin Sanskrit ne. Kakan mahaifiyarsa, V. S. Huzurbazar, masanin lissafi ne.

## Sana'a
Narlikar ya fara aikinsa na bincike a matsayin dalibin digiri na uku a fannin ilmin taurari, karkashin jagorancin Fred Hoyle a Cambridge. An ba shi digirin digirgir na Falsafa a shekarar 1963. A lokacin, ya kasance ƙwararren digiri na uku a Kwalejin King's da ke Cambridge. A shekarar 1966, Hoyle ya kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Falsafa ta Ka'ida a Cambridge; Narlikar memba ne na kafa cibiyar,  yayin da yake ci gaba da zama abokin aiki a Kwalejin King's.
Paasikiven-Kekkosentie

**Paasikiven-Kekkosentie** ("Hanyar Paasikivi-Kekkonen"), ko **Rantaväylä**, hanya ce ta zirga-zirga motoci da ke cikin Tampere, Finland, wanda ke aiki a matsayin Hanyar wucewa ta yanki da kuma babbar hanyar shiga tsakiyar gari. Hanyar babbar hanya ce mai layin hudu mallakar jihar Finland kuma wani bangare ne na Hanyar Hanyar 12. *Paasikiven-Kekkosentie* tana tsakanin babbar hanyar Nokia da mahaɗar titin Teiskontie.

Da farko Paasikiven-Kekkosentiya yana da tsawon kilomita bakwai kuma an gina shi a matakai da yawa.[1][2] An kammala sashi na farko a gefen kudancin Tafkin Näsijärvi da arewacin tsakiyar birnin Tampere a tsakiyar shekarun 1970. Sashe na ƙarshe a gundumar Petsamo an buɗe shi don zirga-zirga a cikin 1989 .[3][4] A matakin tsarawa, an kira babbar hanyar Kehätie ("Hanyar Ring"), amma daga baya an kira ɓangaren yammacin Paasikiventie kuma ɓangaren gabas Kekkosentie a cikin shirin garin. Paasikiventie ya canza zuwa Kekkosentie a bakin tekun Tammerkoski a gabashin ƙarshen gadar Näsinsilta. [1] [3][5][6]

Sunan *Paasikiventie* yana nufin Shugaba J. K. Paasikivi, wanda ya zauna a Tampere tun yana yaro. Lokacin da aka shigar da sunan titin a cikin shirin gari a farkon shekarun 1970, shekaru ɗari sun wuce tun lokacin da aka haifi Paasikivi. Sunan Kekkosentie, wanda aka haɗa shi a cikin shirin garin a cikin 1977, an yi niyya ne don girmama Shugaba Urho Kekkonen, wanda ke da alaƙa da Tampere ta hanyar ɗan kasuwa Kalle Kaihari .  A lokacin kammala Paasikiven-Kekkosentie, abin da ake kira Paasikivi-Kekkonen koyarwar ya mamaye Manufofin kasashen waje na Finland.

Asali titunan Paasikiventie da Kekkosentie birni ne da ke kula da su kuma ke gudanar da su, amma a tsakiyar shekarun 1990 an mayar da su titunan gwamnati da gwamnati ke kula da su. An faɗaɗa sashen titin da ke tsakanin Mustanlahti da Naistenlahti a shekarar 1997.[1][2] An kammala aikin Tampere Tunnel, wanda ke da tsawon kilomita biyu, ya canza tsarin titin ta yadda yanzu Paasikiventie yana gefen yamma na ramin (yammacin Santalahti) da Kekkosentie a gefen gabas na ramin (gabashin Naistenlahti). Sashen ramin ba Paasikiventie ko Kekkosentie ba ne, amma sunan hanyar ƙarƙashin ƙasa shine Rantatunneli. Tare da ramin, sashin titin da ke sama tsakanin Santalahti da Naistenlahti ya zama tsohon gini daga Babbar Hanya ta 12, kuma an sake masa suna Paasikivenkatu–Kekkosenkatu. Kalmar katu (wanda aka fassara "titin") tana nuna cewa alhakin kula da hanyar yana hannun birnin Tampere.[undefined][4][5][3]

## Dubi kuma

* Halin da ya dace

## Manazarta
Sylvi Keskinen

Sylvi Keskinen Weintraub (8 ga Yulin 1933 - 4 ga Mayu 2013) ta kasance 'yar Finland ce. Ta yi gasa a tseren mita 80 na mata a gasar Olympics ta 1952 .Ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya ta X-ray.[2]

## Manazarta
Kathryn Paige Harden

**Kathryn Paige Harden** masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam ce kuma Masanin halayyar halittar da ke Farfesa a fannin ilimin halayya a Jami'ar Texas a Austin . Tana jagorantar dakin gwaje-gwaje na Developmental Behavior Genetics kuma tana aiki a matsayin co-direkta na Texas Twin Project .  Har ila yau, ita ma Mataimakiyar Bincike ce a Jami'ar Texas a Cibiyar Binciken Jama'a ta Austin kuma abokiyar Binciken Gidauniyar Jacobs. Harden ya ba da shawarar karuwar rawar da bincike na kwayoyin halitta ke takawa a cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam da kimiyyar zamantakewa.

Harden ta sami digirin digirgir a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam daga Jami'ar Virginia a shekarar 2009 a ƙarƙashin Eric Turkheimer .  Ta fara aiki a Jami'ar Texas a wannan shekarar. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Harden da ƙanenta Micah sun girma a cikin yanayi mai ra'ayin mazan jiya a wani yanki na Memphis, Tennessee . Kakannin kakanninta na uba ' yan Pentecostal ne waɗanda suka yi aiki a matsayin manoma da ma'aikatan bututun mai a Texas . Mahaifinta matukin jirgi ne a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka wanda daga baya ya tashi da jiragen sama zuwa FedEx . 

Ta sami cikakken tallafin karatu a Jami'ar Furman, wacce a da kwalejin Baptist ce a South Carolina, inda ta yi aiki a wani dakin gwaje-gwaje kan binciken kwayoyin halitta na beraye. Ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam magna cum laude kuma tana karatun Phi Beta Kappa .  Ta sami digiri na biyu na MA da kuma digiri na uku na Ph.D. a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam na asibiti daga Jami'ar Virginia a shekarar 2005 da 2009 bi da bi. Mai ba ta shawara kan digiri na uku shi ne Eric Turkheimer . 

## Bincike
Binciken Harden ya mayar da hankali kan amfani da bayanan kwayoyin halitta don fahimtar bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin mutum da yaro a ci gaban yaro da matashi. Ta wallafa takardu kan illolin tunani na farkon balaga da farkon jima'i, kan laifuka da ɗabi'un da ba su dace da zamantakewa ba, da kuma kan hankali da nasarar ilimi.    An sanya ayyukan jima'i na yarda a lokacin samartaka cikin tsarin Jima'i-Positive a cikin ɗaya daga cikin bincikenta, domin a ci gaba da kasancewa mai kyau da kuma al'ada game da halayen jima'i a lokacin samartaka. 

Ta sami kyautar Ƙungiyar Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Amurka don Gudummawar Kimiyya a Farkon Aiki ga Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam a shekarar 2017, don girmama bincikenta kan "yadda ake haɗa ilimin kwayoyin halitta tare da fahimtar asibiti da ci gaba na gargajiya cikin halayen ɗan adam". 

A cikin wani edita na 2018 a jaridar *[[New York Times]]*, Harden ya yi jayayya cewa binciken kwayoyin halitta kan bambance-bambancen ɗan adam ya dace da manufofin zamantakewa masu ci gaba da daidaito .  A watan Satumba na 2021, Harden ya buga wani littafi kan wannan ra'ayi, *[[The Genetic Lottery: Why DNA Matters for Social Equality]]*, wanda ya taƙaita tarihi da kuma gaba-gaba na zamani na binciken kwayoyin halitta kuma ya yi jayayya cewa "kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta na iya taimakawa wajen ƙirƙirar al'umma mai adalci da daidaito".  

## Manazarta
Peter Lax

**Peter David Lax** (1 ga Mayu 1926 - 16 ga Mayu 2025) masanin lissafi ne ɗan ƙasar Hungary kuma wanda ya lashe kyautar Abel Prize wanda ke aiki a fannin lissafi mai tsarki da amfani.

Lax ya ba da muhimmiyar gudummawa ga tsarin haɗin gwiwa, yanayin ruwa da raƙuman girgiza, kimiyyar lissafi ta solitonic, dokokin kiyaye hyperbolic, da lissafin lissafi da kimiyya, da sauran fannoni. A cikin wani takarda na 1958, Lax ya bayyana hasashe game da wakilcin matrix don polynomials na uku waɗanda ba a tabbatar da su ba tsawon sama da shekaru arba'in. Sha'awar "Lax conjecture" ta ƙaru yayin da masana lissafi da ke aiki a fannoni daban-daban suka fahimci mahimmancin tasirinsa a fagensu, har sai da aka tabbatar da gaskiya a ƙarshe a 2003. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Lax a ranar 1 ga Mayu, 1926 a Budapest, Hungary, [1] ga wani iyali Yahudawa . [2] Ya fara nuna sha'awar lissafi yana ɗan shekara goma sha biyu, kuma ba da daɗewa ba iyayensa suka ɗauki Rózsa Péter a matsayin mai koyarwa a gare shi. [3] Iyayensa Klara Kornfield da Henry Lax duka likitoci ne kuma kawunsa Albert Kornfeld (wanda aka fi sani da Albert Korodi) masanin lissafi ne, kuma abokin Leó Szilárd ne. Iyalin sun bar Hungary a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 1941, suka yi tafiya ta Lisbon zuwa Amurka.

Bayan yaƙin ya ƙare, Lax ya ci gaba da zama tare da Sojoji a Los Alamos na tsawon shekara guda, yayin da yake ɗaukar darussa a Jami'ar New Mexico, sannan ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Stanford na zangon karatu tare da Gábor Szegő da George Pólya .  Lax ya koma NYU don shekarar karatu ta 1946-1947, kuma ta hanyar haɗa maki daga jami'o'i huɗu da ya yi karatu a cikinsu, ya kammala karatunsa a wannan shekarar. Ya zauna a NYU don karatun digiri na biyu, ya auri Anneli a 1948 kuma ya sami digirin digirgir a 1949 a ƙarƙashin kulawar Kurt O. Friedrichs .  

## Sana'a
A shekarar 1954, Hukumar Makamashin Atomic ta Amurka ta sanya Lax da wasu abokan aikinsa da dama a NYU su kula da amfani da na'urar supercomputer ta farko don ƙididdige haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa ga babban na'urar nukiliya idan aka lalata madatsar ruwa da ke kusa; sun kammala da cewa na'urar za ta kasance lafiya. 

Lax ya bayar da gudummawa ga ka'idar daidaiton bambancin ɓangarorin hyperbolic . Ya yi ci gaba wajen fahimtar raƙuman girgiza daga bama-bamai, hasashen yanayi da ƙirar sararin samaniya . 

#### MANAZARTA
Yana Belomoyna

**Yana Belomoyna** (Ukrainian: Яна Беломоіна, kuma an fassara shi **Iana Belomoina**, an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Nuwamba 1992) 'yar kasar Ukraine ce mai tuka babur a kan tsaunuka.

## Sana'a
Ta riƙe matsayin UCI Cross-country Women's Elite #1 a cikin 2017.  A gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2012, ta fafata a tseren ƙetaren ƙasar mata a Hadleigh Farm, inda ta kare a matsayi na 13. Ta kasance zakaran gasar cin kofin duniya ta UCI Mountain Keke ta 2014 a rukunin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23. 

## Nasarorin da aka samu a aiki

### Babban sakamako

; 2020
: Na uku Gasar Keke ta Dutsen Turai XCO

## Manazarta
Robert Walls

**Robert Walls** (21 Yuli 1950 - 15 Mayu 2025) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Australiya wanda ya wakilci Carlton da Fitzroy a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Victorian (VFL) a shekarun 1960 da 1970.

A cikin aikinsa na wasa wanda ya ɗauki shekaru talatin, Walls ya buga wasanni 259 kuma ya zura jimillar kwallaye 444. A tsawon shekarun 1980 da 1990, ya ci gaba da koyarwa a VFL/AFL na jimillar wasanni 347 a cikin ƙungiyoyi huɗu daban-daban.

A matsayinsa na koci, babban nasararsa ta zo ne a shekarar 1987 lokacin da ya horar da Carlton zuwa gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta VFL a shekarar 1987, kungiyar da ya lashe gasar Premier da ita a matsayin dan wasa a shekarun 1968, 1970 da 1972. Bayan kammala aikinsa na koci, Walls ya shiga cikin kafofin watsa labarai na AFL a matsayin mai sharhi da sharhi.

## Sana'ar wasa

### Carlton
Walls ya girma a Brunswick, Victoria, kuma ya yi karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Coburg . Da farko ya goyi bayan Essendon kamar mahaifiyarsa, amma ya ƙare a Carlton saboda Brunswick a wancan lokacin yana cikin yankin ɗaukar ma'aikata na Carlton. 

Walls ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta matasa a ƙungiyar Victorian Amateur Football Association (VAFA) ta Coburg Amateurs kafin Carlton ya ɗauke shi aiki, kuma ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar VFL wasa a matsayin dogo mai siriri mai shekaru 16 a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 1967 a fafatawa da Hawthorn a Princes Park . Ya nuna alamun abubuwa za su zo. lokacin da ya ci kwallo da bugun farko .

## Rashin lafiya da mutuwa
A shekarar 2023, an gano cewa Walls yana da cutar sankarar jini mai tsanani ta lymphoblastic, wata cuta mai saurin yaduwa ta jini. Ya shafe sama da dare 250 a asibiti tsawon kimanin shekaru biyu.

Ɗansa David ya bayyana cewa Walls ya sami ɗan sauƙi a shekarar 2024, wanda hakan ya ba shi damar yin lokaci tare da 'ya'yansa uku da jikoki bakwai. Duk da haka, cutar kansa ta dawo da ƙarfi a cikin shekarar, kuma an sanar da shi cewa yana da sauran watanni uku zuwa huɗu kacal don ya rayu. A cikin makonnin ƙarshe na rayuwarsa, Walls ya yanke shawarar kada ya ci gaba da wani zagaye na maganin chemotherapy . Madadin haka, ya zaɓi yin amfani da dokar Victoria ta taimakon mutuwa ta son rai, ya mutu a ranar 15 ga Mayu 2025, yana da shekaru 74, tare da danginsa.  

#### MANAZARTA
Institut de formation de Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines

**Institut de formation de Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines** (lafazin Faransanci: [ɛ̃stity də fɔʁmasjɔ̃ də sɛ̃ kɑ̃tɛ̃ ɑ̃.n‿ivlin], IFSQY) makarantar musulmai ce ta Yara kanana mai zaman kanta akwae bangaren sakandare /  kwaleji na shida (koleji). Faransa, a cikin birnin Paris. Tana cikin sabon garin Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines. 

Tun daga 2014 ita ce kawai makarantar musulmi masu zaman kansu a cikin Académie de Versailles [fr].

Tun daga 2009 shugaban cibiyar shine Slimane Bousanna. An kafa shi a wani tsohon ginin haraji.

A shekarar 2014 makarantar tana da ɗalibai kusan 100. Shugaban sashen Yvelines ya ƙi yin yarjejeniya da makarantar.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin hadin waje

* Institut de formation de Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines  (Archive)
* Magassa-Konaté, Maria. "L'équité réclamée pour un collège musulman des Yvelines ." *[[Saphir News]]* (Islamic news site). Thursday 15 May 2014. 

## Manazarta
Alison Platt

**Alison Elizabeth Platt** (an haife ta a ranar 25 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1962) 'yar kasuwa ce ta Burtaniya. Ta kasance babban jami'in zartarwa (Shugaba) na Countrywide, babbar ƙungiyar hukumar mallakar Burtaniya daga 2014 zuwa Janairu 2018.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An haifi Alison Elizabeth Platt a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 1962 a Oldham, Ingila.  Tana da aure, tana da 'ya'ya biyu manya da kuma ɗa mai shekaru 14. Tana zaune a Teddington . 

## Sana'a
Platt ta shiga British Airways a matsayin mai koyon aikin gudanarwa kai tsaye daga makaranta, inda ta ƙi tayin samun gurbin karatu a jami'a. Ta yi aiki a can tsawon shekaru 13, ciki har da mai kula da jirgin sama. 

Ta shiga BUPA a shekarar 1993 kuma sama da shekaru 20 ta riƙe mukamai da dama a ɓangaren manyan jami'o'i.  

Ta kammala Shirin Gudanar da Ci Gaba a Makarantar Wharton a shekarar 1998. 

A shekarar 2014, an nada Platt a matsayin Shugaba na Countrywide, babbar kungiyar kamfanonin gidaje ta Burtaniya.  

Ta yi murabus a watan Janairun 2018 bayan da Countrywide ta bayar da gargadin riba na biyu cikin watanni uku, kuma hannun jarinta ya fadi zuwa mafi kankanta a tarihi. Shugaban kamfanin Peter Long ya karbi ragamar shugabancin kamfanin, yayin da aka nemi wanda zai gaje shi.   

### Matsayin da ba na zartarwa ba
An naɗa Platt a matsayin darakta mara zartarwa na Tesco a shekarar 2016, rawar da take riƙewa har yanzu. 

Ta kasance darakta mara zartarwa a Ofishin Harkokin Waje da Tarayyar Turai . 

An naɗa ta a matsayin darakta mara zartarwa ta kamfanin magungunan dabbobi na Dechra Pharmaceuticals plc a watan Maris na 2020, inda ta zama shugabar kamfanin a watan Janairun 2022.  A watan Yunin 2023, kamfanin ya amince ya karɓi kamfanin hannun jari na Sweden EQT AB na fam biliyan 4.5. 

A watan Oktoba na 2022, an naɗa ta shugabar reshen kamfanin inshora na duniya na Ageas na Burtaniya. 

A watan Disamba na 2023, an sanar da ita a matsayin shugabar zaɓe a manajan dukiya ta FTSE 250 Hargreaves Lansdown wadda ta maye gurbin Deanna Oppenheimer. 

## Manazarta
George Wendt

**George Robert Wendt Jr.** (17 ga Oktoba, 1948 - 20 ga Mayu, 2025) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Amurka. Ya taka rawar Norm Peterson a cikin shirin talabijin na NBC *Cheers* daga 1982 zuwa 1993, wanda ya ba shi damar shiga gasar Primetime Emmy Award don Fitaccen Jarumi Mai Tallafawa a cikin shirin Barkwanci . Bayan da *Cheers* ya ƙare, ya fito a cikin shirinsa na gajeren lokaci na CBS, *The George Wendt Show* (1995).

Wendt ya kuma fito a fina-finan barkwanci Airplane II: The Sequel (1982), No Small Affair (1984), Fletch (1985), The Little Rascals (1994), Man of the House (1995), Spice World (1997), Outside Providence (1999), da Sandy Wexler (2017), da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na Somewhere in Time (1980), Dreamscape (1984), Guilty by Suspicion (1991), Forever Young (1992), Lakeboat (2000), da kuma The Climb (2019).

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi George Robert Wendt Jr. a unguwar Beverly da ke gefen Kudu na Chicago, Illinois . Iyayensa su ne Loretta Mary ( née Howard) da George Robert Wendt Sr., wani jami'i a rundunar sojojin ruwan Amurka kuma mai kula da harkokin gidaje. Yana ɗaya daga cikin yara tara, tare da 'yan'uwa mata shida - Kathryn, Loretta, Marti, Nancy, Karen, da Mary Ann - da kuma 'yan'uwa maza biyu, Tom da Paul.   Kakan su na wajen uwa shine mai daukar hoto Tom Howard .  Wendt dan asalin Irish ne kuma kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na Jamusawa .  Bangaren dangin George Sr. sun fito ne daga Danzig yayin da dangin Loretta suka fito daga County Mayo . Duk kakannin kakannin guda huɗu an haife su ne a Cook County, Illinois .  Wendt kawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma tsohon marubuci kuma memba na ƙungiyar *Saturday Night Live* Jason Sudeikis, ɗan 'yar'uwarsa Kathryn. 

## Sana'a

### 1975–1981: Birni na Biyu da kuma farkon ayyukansa
Wendt ɗalibi ne na shekarar 1975 a makarantar The Second City, wanda ya gano jim kaɗan bayan kammala karatunsa.  Wani kallo ya zaburar da shi ya shiga kuma a ranarsa ta farko da ya fara aiki, ya zo nan take da ƙarfe 11:30 na dare.&nbsp;kamar yadda aka umarce shi. Matar da ke aiki a wurin ta ba shi tsintsiya ta ce "Barka da zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo, yaro"; don haka, aikinsa na farko a harkar wasan kwaikwayo shine share bene.   Second City, wanda ke Chicago, shi ma ya haɗu da matarsa ta gaba, Bernadette Birkett, wacce ta yi wasan kwaikwayo na Halloween na Cliff a kakar wasa ta uku ta *Cheers* kuma daga baya a cikin jerin sun yi muryar matar Norm da ba a taɓa gani ba, Vera.  

#### MANAZARTA
Richard Garwin

**Richard Lawrence Garwin** (Afrilu 19, 1928 - Mayu 13, 2025) masanin kimiyyar lissafi ne na Amurka kuma mai ba da shawara kan gwamnati, wanda aka fi sani da marubucin ƙirar bam ɗin hydrogen na farko.   

A shekarar 1978, an zaɓi Garwin a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Injiniya ta Ƙasa saboda bayar da gudummawa ga amfani da sabbin abubuwan da aka gano a kimiyya don sabbin aikace-aikacen injiniya masu amfani waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga tsaron ƙasa da ci gaban tattalin arziki. A shekarar 2015 ya sami lambar yabo ta 'Yanci ta Shugaban Ƙasa saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga kimiyya, fasaha da tsaro.

An haifi Garwin a cikin iyalin Yahudawa a Cleveland a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 1928.   Ya sami digirinsa na farko daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Shari'a a 1947, kuma bayan shekaru biyu ya sami digirinsa na farko a fannin Falsafa, yana da shekaru 21, daga Jami'ar Chicago a ƙarƙashin kulawar Enrico Fermi . Wani ɗalibin Fermi, Marvin L. Goldberger, ya yi iƙirarin cewa Fermi ya ce "Garwin shi ne kaɗai haziƙin da ya taɓa haɗuwa da shi". 

## Sana'a
Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Chicago, Garwin ya shiga sashen kimiyyar lissafi a can kuma ya yi lokacin bazara a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga dakin gwaje-gwaje na ƙasa na Los Alamos yana aiki akan makaman nukiliya . Garwin shine marubucin ainihin ƙirar da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin bam ɗin hydrogen na farko (wanda aka sanya wa suna Mike ) a 1952.  Edward Teller ya ba shi aikin, tare da umarnin cewa ya sanya shi ƙira mai ra'ayin mazan jiya gwargwadon iko don tabbatar da cewa manufar ta yiwu.  Ya kuma yi aiki kan haɓaka tauraron ɗan adam na leƙen asiri na farko, wanda aka sanya masa suna ɗaya daga cikin goma da suka kafa leƙen asiri na ƙasa.  Yayin da yake IBM, aikinsa kan spin-echo magnetic resonance ya kafa harsashin MRI ;  shi ne wanda ya haifar da gano da buga algorithm na Cooley-Tukey FFT, wanda a yau shine babban aikin sarrafa siginar dijital; ya yi aiki akan raƙuman nauyi ; kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka firintocin laser da na'urorin sa ido na allon taɓawa.  An ba shi haƙƙin mallaka guda 47 kuma an buga takardu sama da 500. 

## Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa
A shekarar 1947, Garwin ya auri Lois Levy (ta mutu a shekarar 2018), kuma sun haifi 'ya'ya uku, ɗaya daga cikinsu mawaƙiya ce kuma 'yar jarida Laura Garwin .  Ya mutu a gidansa da ke Scarsdale, New York, a ranar 13 ga Mayu, 2025, yana da shekaru 97. 

### MANAZARTA
Jerin tafiye-tafiyen shugaban kasa da kasa da Urho Kekkonen ya yi

A ƙasa akwai cikakken jerin ziyarar shugaban kasa da Shugaban Finland Urho Kekkonen ya yi.

## Jerin

## Manazarta
Anna Plowden

**Anna Bridget Plowden** (18 Yuni 1938 - 21 Agusta 1997) ta kasance mai kula da ilimin kimiyyar archaeological na Burtaniya kuma mai gyarawa. An bayyana ta a matsayin mai horar da masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na farko da ya fara aiki a bangaren masu zaman kansu, maimakon a gidan kayan gargajiya ko jami'a.

## Rayuwa mai sauƙi da ilimi
Ita 'yar masanin masana'antu kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Birtaniya Edwin Plowden da kuma mai gyaran ilimi Bridget Plowden (Lord and Lady Plowden).  Bayan ta halarci Makarantar New Hall a Boreham kusa da Chelmsford, Essex, Ingila, ta yi rajista a Cibiyar Nazarin Kayan Tarihi a 1962. A lokacin, Cibiyar kwaleji ce a cikin Jami'ar London, kodayake yanzu ɓangare ne na Kwalejin Jami'a ta London . Ta sami Difloma a fannin Kare Muhalli a 1963, wanda ya kai ga samun tallafin karatu daga Makarantar Nazarin Kayan Tarihi ta Burtaniya a Iraki . Wannan damar ta ba ta damar ba da gudummawa ga kiyayewa da dawo da Nimrud Ivories a Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa na Iraki . 

## Sana'a
Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da harkokin kiyaye muhalli mai zaman kansa, bayan ta kafa kasuwancinta, *Anna Plowden Ltd*, a shekarar 1968. Domin ta ɗauki manyan ayyuka, kasuwancinta ya haɗu da *Peter Smith (R and R) Ltd* a shekarar 1985; *Plowden and Smith Ltd* ya kasance "ɗaya daga cikin manyan kasuwanci mafi nasara a ɓangaren kiyaye muhalli mai zaman kansa". 

## Daraja
A shekarar 1970, an zaɓe Plowden a matsayin memba na Cibiyar Kare Muhalli ta Duniya .  A cikin bikin karramawa na Sabuwar Shekara ta 1997, Sarauniya Elizabeth ta II ta naɗa ta a matsayin Kwamandan Daular Burtaniya (CBE) "don ayyukan kiyayewa ga gidajen tarihi". 

A shekarar 1998, an kafa "Anna Plowden Trust" don tunawa da Anna Plowden don tallafawa ilimi da horo a fannin kiyaye tarihi . 

## Manazarta