Folk dances of Assam

**Rawar gargajiya ta [[Assam]]** ta haɗa da Bihu da Bagurumba (dukansu suna rawa a lokacin bukukuwan da ake gudanarwa a lokacin bazara), Bhortal, da kuma rawar Ojapali . Assam gida ne ga ƙungiyoyi da yawa: Musulmai, Indo-Aryan, Rabha, Bodo, Dimasa, Karbi, Mising, Sonowal Kacharis, Mishmi da Tiwa (Lalung) da sauransu. Waɗannan al'adu sun haɗu don ƙirƙirar al'adun Assamese . Mazauna jihar Assam ana kiransu da "Axomiya" (Assamese). Yawancin kabilu suna da nasu yare, kodayake Assamese shine babban harshen jihar.  

Ana gudanar da bukukuwa da bukukuwa da yawa a Assam. Kusan dukkan bukukuwan ƙabilu ana yin su ne a lokacin bazara kuma ana bikin noma ko girbi. Daga cikin bukukuwa a Assam, Bihu ya fi shahara; yana haɗa dukkan mutanen Assam, ba tare da la'akari da asalinsu ba.

## Rawar Bihu
Koda yake asalin rawan Bihu ( Assamese   ) ba a san su ba, an ce rikodin farko na hukuma game da shi shine lokacin da sarki Ahom Rudra Singha ya gayyaci masu rawa na Bihu su yi wasa a filin Rang Ghar a kusan 1694  don *Rongali Bihu* . 

### Bayani
Bihu rawa ce ta rukuni inda maza da mata ke rawa tare, amma suna riƙe da rawar jinsi daban-daban. Gabaɗaya, mata suna bin tsari mai tsauri ko da'ira. Masu rawa maza da mawaƙa suna shiga yankin rawa da farko, suna kula da layukansu kuma suna bin tsarin da aka daidaita. Lokacin da mata masu rawa suka shiga, mazan suna raba layukansu don su haɗu da mata masu rawa (waɗanda ke kiyaye tsari mai tsauri da tsarin rawa). Yawanci ana siffanta shi da takamaiman matsayi: motsin kwatangwalo, hannaye da wuyan hannu; juyawa, tsugunnawa da lanƙwasawa. Motsin rawa na maza da mata suna kama da juna, tare da bambance-bambance kaɗan kawai.

### Aiki
Ana yin rawar ne bisa ga waƙar gargajiya ta Bihu. Mawakan da suka fi muhimmanci su ne masu buga ganga ( *dhulia* ), waɗanda ke buga ganga mai fuskoki biyu ( *dhol*, wanda aka rataye daga wuya) da sanda ɗaya da tafin hannu. Yawanci akwai fiye da *dhulia* ɗaya a cikin wasan kwaikwayo; kowannensu yana buga waƙa daban-daban a sassa daban-daban na wasan kwaikwayon. Waɗannan waƙoƙin da aka yi da ƙarfi, waɗanda ake kira *seus*, suna da tsari na al'ada. Kafin shiga wurin rawa, masu buga ganga suna buga waƙa mai sauƙi da sauri. Ana canza *seu*, kuma masu buga ganga yawanci suna shiga yankin rawa a layi. Ana buga *mohor xingor pepa* (yawanci a farkon) ta hanyar ɗan wasa ɗaya, wanda ke shimfida wani abu na farko wanda ke saita yanayi na rawa. Sai masu rawa maza su shiga yankin a cikin tsari kuma su yi wasa (tare da waƙa, wanda duk ke shiga). Sauran kayan kida da ke tare da wannan rawa sune *taal*, wani nau'in cymbal; *gogona*, kayan kida na reed-and-bamboo; *toka*, mai buga bamboo da kuma *xutuli*, busar yumbu. Ana kuma amfani da sarewa ta bamboo sau da yawa. Waƙoƙin ( *bihu geet* ) da ke tare da rawa an daɗe ana bayarwa. Abubuwan da ke cikin waƙoƙin sun haɗa da maraba da sabuwar shekarar Assamese, suna bayyana rayuwar manomi, tarihi da kuma barkwanci. Duk da cewa maza da mata suna yin rawar Bihu, rawar Bihu ta mata tana da ƙarin bambance-bambance (gami da hannu da hannu, juyawa, da *pepa* mai ƙarfi, da *kahi* (faranti na ƙarfe na gargajiya) da kuma hular *jaapi* (hula mai siffar Assamese mai siffar conical). Wasan kwaikwayon na iya zama mai tsawo, amma yana rayar da sauye-sauye cikin sauri a cikin kauri, yanayi, motsi, saurin gudu da haɓakawa. Ana ba wa masu rawa da mawaƙa damammaki don nuna baiwarsu.

### Nau'o'i
Rawar tana da siffofi daban-daban a cikin ƙungiyoyin arewa maso gabashin Indiya daban-daban (misali rawa ta Deori Bihu, rawa ta Mising Bihu ko kuma rawa ta Rati Bihu da Morans ke yi).  Duk da haka, manufar rawa ta kasance iri ɗaya: don bayyana sha'awar jin zafi da farin ciki.

## Rawar Sattriya
Wani nau'in rawa na Assam da ake yi a Tols ko Namghar wanda maza da mata suka yi daban-daban. Rawar Sattriya tana ɗaya daga cikin salon rawa takwas na Indiya da aka amince da su a matsayin rawa ta gargajiya ta Kwalejin Sangeet-Natak. Kalmar Sattriya ta fito ne daga kalmar Satra. A ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 2000, Kwalejin Sangeet-Natak ta amince da rawa ta Sattriya a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin raye-rayen gargajiya na Indiya.

## Jumura
Juhumura aji ne na rawan Sattriya. Juhumura kuma nau'in wasan kwaikwayo ne da Madhavdeva ya rubuta. Yana buga "Chordhara", "Pimpora Gusuwa", "Bhoomi Leta" da "Bhojan Bihar" ana kiransa Jhumura. Rawar da ke cikin Jhumura ta Madhava ita ake kira Juhumura Dance. Ana yin raye-rayen a cikin The Satras na Kamalabari, Jarabari, Belguri da sauransu a cikin Assam. Akwai nau'ikan raye-rayen Jhumura da yawa kamar "Ramadani", "Geetar Nach", "Mela Nach".

## Rawar Bagurumba

*[[Bagurumba]]* rawa ce ta gargajiya a Assam wadda 'yan Bodo ke yi. Ita ce wacce ake yi a lokacin bikin Bwisagu, wani biki na Bodo a Vishuva Sankranti (tsakiyar Afrilu). *Bwisagu* yana farawa da bautar shanu ; sannan, matasa suna yin sujada ga iyayensu da dattawansu cikin girmamawa.

Bayan haka, ana bauta wa Bathow ta hanyar miƙa wa allahn kaza da giyar *zou* (giyar shinkafa). Matan Bodo sanye da *dokhna* da *aronai* masu launuka iri-iri suna yin rawar Bagurumba (wanda kuma aka sani da rawar Bardwisikhla). Ana tare da kayan kida kamar *serja* (kayan kida mai lanƙwasa), *sifung* (salo), *tharkha* (bamboo mai rabe-rabe), *kham* ko *madal* (dogon ganguna, wanda aka yi da itace da fatar akuya). Bikin ya ƙare da addu'ar al'umma a Garjasali. Ana yin wannan rawa a yankunan da Bodo ke zaune a cikinsu na Udalguri, Kokrajhar, Baksa, Chirang, Bongaigaon, Nalbari, Darrang da Sonitpur.

## Rawar Bhortal

An san cewa Bhortal Nritya ya ƙirƙira shi ne ta hannun Narahari Burha Bhakat. Shahararren mai zane ne na Satriya. An ce wannan Bhortal Nritya na gundumar Barpeta ya samo asali ne daga salon rawa na gargajiya na jihar. Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun raye-rayen a jihar Assam.

Wasan kwaikwayo— ana yin wannan rawa ne a cikin rukuni. Masu rawa shida ko bakwai galibi suna gabatar da rawar Bhortal ta Assam tare. Ana iya yin wannan rawa a cikin manyan rukuni. Ana yin ta da sauri sosai. Wannan rawar ana kiranta 'Zhiya Nom'. Masu rawa suna da kuge yayin da suke yin wannan rawa. Amfani da kuge yana sa gabatarwar rawa ta yi kama da mai launi sosai. An tsara motsin rawa don su iya samar da wasu launuka masu launuka iri-iri. Wannan shine keɓancewar wannan rawa daga Assam.

## Rawar Jumur

Jhumur wani nau'in rawa ne na gargajiya na "Adivasi" ko kuma al'ummar ƙabilun Tea na Assam. 'Yan mata da samari ƙanana ne ke yin rawar tare. Maza suna sanya dogayen riguna na gargajiya kuma suna riƙe da salon kida kaɗan, galibi Dhol ko Mandar, waɗanda aka rataye a kafadu, sarewa da kuma faifan "Taal" guda biyu (faifan ƙarfe biyu). 'Yan matan galibi suna yin rawar, suna riƙe kugunsu da kuma motsa hannaye da ƙafafu gaba da baya a lokaci guda. Rawar tana da mabiya da yawa a gundumomin "ƙabilar Tea" da ke da rinjaye a Assam, kamar Udalguri, Sonitpur, Golaghat, Jorhat, Sivasagar, Dibrugarh da Tinsukia .

## Rawar Deodhani
Deodhani wata tsohuwar rawa ce ta Assam. Ita ce hanyar bauta wa tsohuwar addinin Shakti. A cikin wannan rawa, mai rawa yana rawa akai-akai don faranta wa allahiya rai ta hanyar cin jinin da ba a yanka ba da naman dabbobin da aka miƙa wa allahiya. Wannan rawa ta Deodhani tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin bautar Tamreswari ko Kechaikhati, Manashadevi da sauransu.

## Ojapali Nritya
Oja-Pali wani nau'in rawa ne na gargajiya na Assam. Oja-Pali a zahiri ƙungiyoyi ne na mawaƙa da masu rawa, tare da Oja a matsayin shugaba da Palis a matsayin mataimakansa. Ana iya buƙatar Palis uku ko huɗu don rawa kuma babban cikinsu ana kiransa Daina Pali. Baya ga rawa, suna kuma rera waƙa da kunna ƙananan kuge, suna ba da labarai daga almara da Puranas. Akwai tsarin sutura na yau da kullun ga Ojas. Dole ne ya sanya pag-jama ko ghuri, tare da bangs, unti, zobe da nupur kuma dole ne ya ɗaure tangali. Rawar Oja-Pali ta sake raba zuwa nau'i uku-

# Vyasageet Oja
# Suknarayani Oja
# Ramayani Oja

## Rawar Devadasi
Rawar da alloli ke yi a cikin wasu gidajen ibada na Assam. A wasu tsoffin gidajen ibada akwai wani rukunin masu rawa da aka yi amfani da su don faranta wa alloli rai. An san su da Devadasi, wato bayin alloli. Haikalin Hoygriva Madhav da ke Hajo, Haikalin Parihareshwar da ke Dubi kusa da Bajali, Haikalin Shiva da ke Negheriting, Haikalin Biswanath da ke Sala, Muktinath Shiv Daul da ke Rangpur da kuma Baidyanath Daul da ke Jaysagar su ne suka fi shahara.

## Thiyo Naam
Thiyo Naam wani nau'in rawa ne na Assam. A cewar tatsuniyoyi, a zamanin Dvapa, Sarki Bali ya bai wa kattai sunan Harinam Ta hanyar aikin jiki. An san cewa Mahapurusha Srimanta Sankardeva ya gabatar da na'urar Thiyo bisa ga wannan al'ada. An san ta da Thiyo Naam saboda ana yin ta a tsaye. Ana buƙatar kimanin mutane 25 zuwa 30 su yi na'urar Thiyo Naam. A bisa al'adar Shankari, na'urar Thiyo Naam ta samo asali ne daga Barpeta Satra. Rawar Bhortal, wadda aka samo daga na'urar Thiyo Naam, ita ma ta shahara a wajen Indiya. Akwai al'adar rera wannan naam a rana ta biyu ta Magh a Barpeta.

## Rawar Gumrag
Gumrag wata rawa ce mai ban sha'awa ta mutanen Mishing. Ana yin wannan rawa ne tare da bikin Ali-Ai-Ligang. Bayan bikin Ali-Ai-Ligang na rana, matasan Mishing suna rawa da Gumrag da yamma. Kayan kwalliya masu launi da mahalarta suka saka wani abin birgewa ne na rawar.

## Manazarta