Pablo Fanque

**Pablo Fanque** (an haife shi **William Darby**; 30 Maris 1810 - 4 Mayu 1871) ya kasance dan wasan motsa jiki na Burtaniya kuma mai mallakar wasan motsa jiki, ya zama mai mallakar Black circus na farko a Burtaniya. Gidan wasan motsa jiki ya shahara a Biritaniya ta Victorian na tsawon shekaru 30,    lokacin da ake ɗauka a matsayin zamanin zinariya na wasan motsa jiki. 

Tun daga shekarun 1960, an fi saninsa da Pablo Fanque saboda an ambaci shi a cikin waƙar Beatles "Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!" a cikin kundin su na 1967 *Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band* .

## Rayuwa ta farko
Ba a san komai game da rayuwar Pablo Fanque ba. Rubuce-rubucen Ikilisiya sun nuna cewa an haife shi a Norwich a cikin 1810 kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin akalla yara biyar, waɗanda aka haifa wa John da Mary Darby (née Stamp).  An yi imanin cewa sun zauna a titin Ber. Lokacin da Fanque ya yi aure a 1848, ya ce aikin mahaifinsa marigayi shine "butler" a takardar shaidar aurensa.

Dokta John M. Turner ya yi hasashe a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa na 2003 game da Fanque cewa "mahaifinsa ɗan Afirka ne aka haife shi kuma an kawo shi tashar jiragen ruwa ta Norwich kuma an horar da shi a matsayin ma'aikacin gida. "  An ruwaito cewa Fanque maraya ne tun yana ƙarami.  Wani asusun ya nuna Fanque an haife shi a cikin gidan aiki ga dangin da ke da yara bakwai.

Tun jim kadan bayan mutuwar Fanque a 1871, masu ba da labari sun yi jayayya da ranar haihuwarsa. Tun daga shekara ta 2003 mai ba da labari Turner ya shahara da imanin cewa an haifi Fanque a shekara ta 1796.  Jaridar Era ta rubuta a ranar 14 ga Mayu 1871 cewa akwatin gawa na Fanque yana dauke da rubutun; "AGED 75 YEARS". Dutsen kabarin Fanque, wanda yake a gindin kabarin marigayi matarsa Susannah Darby a Kabari na Woodhouse, Leeds (yanzu St George's Field, wani ɓangare na Jami'ar Leeds), ya karanta; "*Har ila yau wanda ke sama mai suna William Darby Pablo Fanque wanda ya mutu Mayu 4th 1871 Shekaru 75*".

Amma an rubuta shekarun Fanque a cikin ƙididdigar 1841, 1851 da 1871 na Ingila kamar yadda ya nuna an haife shi a 1810. Wani rajistar haihuwa a St. Andrew's Workhouse a Norwich ya ba da rahoton haihuwar William Darby ga John Darby da Mary Stamp a gidan aiki a ranar 1 ga Afrilu 1810. Wannan shine shekarar haihuwar a kan takardar shuɗi don tunawa da haihuwar Fanque, wanda birnin Norwich ya sanya kusa da wurin da ake tsammani gidansa na yaro.

## Ayyuka

Dangane da shekarar haihuwar 1810, matashi William Darby ya koya yana da shekaru 11 ga mai mallakar wasan motsa jiki William Batty kuma ya fara fitowa a cikin zoben sawdust a Norwich a ranar 26 ga Disamba 1821, a matsayin "Young Darby". Ayyukansa sun haɗa da wasan motsa jiki da tafiya da igiya. Thomas Frost, a cikin Circus Life and Circus Celebrities, ya rubuta, "Mun sami Batty a cikin 1836 a Nottingham, tare da kamfani wanda ya haɗa da Pablo Fanque, mai rawa na baki, wanda ainihin sunansa William Darby ..."  Da zarar an kafa shi a matsayin matashi, William Darby ya canza sunansa na sana'a zuwa Pablo Fanque. Ya bayyana cewa Fanque ko tsaransa galibi suna ɗaukar "Pablo" a matsayin sunansa.

Fanque ya fara samun nasara sosai a Landan a 1847. Da yake kwatanta Fanque da aikinsa, The Illustrated London News ya rubuta:

Jaridar Illustrated Landan News da ke ba da rahoto game da watakila wasan kwaikwayon da ya gabata a lokacin da Fanque ya yi a 1847 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Astley na London, ya cika da cikakkun bayanai game da Fanque:

Da yake sauti kusan kamar girman kai na hotunan Fanque, takarda ta ce, "Mista Pablo ya horarwa da [baƙar fata] don yin ayyukan da suka fi ban mamaki na 'manège' [bayanin, wanda ke da alaƙa da dressage], fasaha da aka ɗauka a matsayin na Faransanci da Jamusanci kawai na hawan doki, kuma salon ta tabbas ya wuce duk abin da aka kawo daga nahiyar".

Wani hoto mai kama da wanda ya bayyana a cikin 20 Maris 1847 na The Illustrated London News ya bayyana a kan wata takarda ta 1850 da ke tallata bayyanar Fanque a Leeds, tare da taken, "M. Pablo Fanque, yayin da ya yi, ta hanyar umarnin sarauta, a Astley's Amphitheatre, kafin mafi kyawun Sarauniya.  The Hampshire Advertiser ya rubuta misali daya lokacin da Fanque ya yi a gaban dangin sarauta a Brighton, a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar William Batty a ranar 3 ga Janairu 1834.

## manazarta