Nicolas jack Roeg

**Nicolas Jack Roeg** CBE BSC (/ ˈroʊɡ/ ROHG; 15 ga Agusta 1928 - 23 Nuwamba shekara ta 2018) darektan fina-finan Ingilishi ne kuma mai daukar hoto, wanda aka fi sani da ba da umarni Performance (1970), Walkabout (1971), Kada Ka Kalli Yanzu (1973), Mutumin da Ya Faɗo zuwa Duniya (1973), The Mutumin da Ya Faɗi Duniya (0) (1990).

Da yake gabatar da daraktansa na farko shekaru 23 bayan shigarsa kasuwancin fim, da sauri Roeg ya zama sananne ga salon gani da ba da labari mai ban mamaki, wanda ke nuna amfani da rarrabuwar kawuna da gyare-gyare. Don haka, ana la'akari da shi a matsayin mai shirya fina-finai mai matukar tasiri, wanda aka ambata a matsayin karfafawa daga irin waɗannan daraktoci kamar Steven Soderbergh, Christopher Nolan da Danny Boyle.

A cikin shekara ta 1999, Cibiyar Fina-finai ta Biritaniya ta amince da muhimmancin Roeg a cikin masana'antar fina-finai ta Biritaniya ta hanyar sanya suna Don't Look Now da Yi fina-finai na 8th- da 48th-mafi girma na Biritaniya a kowane lokaci a cikin Zaɓen Fina-finan Burtaniya na Top 100.

## Rayuwar Farko
An haifi Roeg a St John's Wood a Arewacin London akan 15 ga Agusta shekara ta 1928 zuwa Jack Nicolas Roeg da Mabel Gertrude (née Silk). Yana da babbar 'yar'uwa, Nicolette (1925-1987), wacce ta kasance 'yar wasan kwaikwayo. Mahaifinsa, dan asalin kasar Holland, ya samu gagarumar nasara a cinikin lu'u-lu'u, har sai da jarin Afirka ta Kudu da ya gaza ya ga ya yi hasarar kudi mai yawa. Daga cikin sha'awarsa na farko ga masana'antar fina-finai, Roeg ya ba da shawarar hakan ya taso ne ta hanyar wani gidan rediyo da ke fafatawa da gidansa. Roeg ya sami ilimi a Makarantar Mercers a Landan.

## Aiki
Cinematography

A cikin shekara ta 1947, bayan kammala hidimar ƙasa a cikin Sojojin Biritaniya a matsayin mai hangen nesa,  Roeg ya shiga kasuwancin fim a matsayin ɗan shayi, yana motsawa har zuwa clapper-loader, matakin ƙasa na sashin kyamara, a Studios Marylebone a Landan.. Na wani lokaci, ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin kyamara a kan yawan shirye-shiryen fim, ciki har da The Sundowners da The Trials of Oscar Wilde.

Roeg ya kasance mai daukar hoto na raka'a na biyu akan Lawrence na Larabawa David Lean (1962) kuma wannan ya kai ga daukar Roeg a matsayin mai daukar hoto a fim dinsa na gaba, Doctor Zhivago (1965); Hangen kirkire-kirkire na Roeg ya ci karo da na Lean kuma daga karshe an kore shi daga samarwa aka maye gurbinsa da Freddie Young, wanda ya sami karramawa ta musamman don cinematography lokacin da aka fitar da fim a 1965. An ba shi lambar yabo a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Roger Corman's Masque of the Red Death da François Truffaut's Fahrenheit 451, da kuma John Schlesinger's Nisa daga Madding Crowd da Richard Lester's Petulia; na karshen shi ne fim na ƙarshe wanda Roeg aka ba shi kyauta don cinematography kuma yana raba halaye da kamanceceniya da aikin Roeg a matsayin darekta.

Jagoranci

A ƙarshen 1960s, Roeg ya koma cikin jagora tare da Ayyuka, tare da Donald Cammell. Fim ɗin ya ta'allaka ne akan ɗan gangster na London (James Fox) wanda ke motsawa tare da tauraron dutsen (Mick Jagger) don guje wa shugabanninsa. Fim ɗin ya ƙunshi fina-finai na Roeg da wasan kwaikwayo na Cammell, wanda na ƙarshe ya fifita Marlon Brando don rawar James Fox. An kammala fim ɗin a cikin 1968 amma mai rarraba Warner Bros ya hana shi sakin wanda, a cewar Sanford Lieberson, "bai yi tunanin za a iya sakewa ba."

Roeg ya biyo bayan Walkabout, wanda ya ba da labarin wata yarinya Bature da ƙanenta da mahaifinsu ya yi watsi da su a Ostiraliya bayan ya kashe kansa kuma ya tilasta wa kansu su yi yaƙi da kansu, tare da taimakon wani ɗan asalin ƙasar a kan hanyarsa. Roeg ya jefa Jenny Agutter a matsayin yarinyar, dansa Luc a matsayin yaro, da David Gulpilil a matsayin yaron Aboriginal. Masu suka sun yaba masa sosai duk da rashin samun nasarar kasuwanci.

Fim ɗin Roeg na gaba, Kar ku Duba Yanzu, ya dogara ne akan ɗan gajeren labarin Daphne du Maurier mai suna iri ɗaya kuma Julie Christie da Donald Sutherland suka buga a matsayin ma'aurata a Venice suna jimamin mutuwar 'yarsu da ta nutse. Ya ja hankalin bincike da wuri saboda yanayin jima'i tsakanin Sutherland da Christie, wanda ba a saba gani ba a lokacin. An bayar da rahoton cewa Roeg ya yanke shawarar yanke jima'i tare da harbin ma'auratan bayan haka ya kasance saboda buƙatar rage fargabar masu binciken kuma an yi jita-jita a lokacin da aka fitar da shi cewa jima'i ba a kwatanta ba.[ Fim ɗin ya sami yabo sosai daga masu suka kuma sun ɗauki ɗaya daga cikin mafi mahimmanci kuma mafi tasiri fina-finai na tsoro da aka taɓa yi..

Hakazalika zuwa Ayyukan, Roeg ya jefa mawaƙa a matsayin jagora don fina-finansa guda biyu na gaba, Mutumin da Ya Faɗi Duniya da Mummunan Lokaci. Mutumin da ya fado duniya (1976) ya yi tauraro David Bowie a matsayin baƙon ɗan adam wanda ya zo duniya don dibar ruwa ga duniyarsa da ke fama da fari. Fim ɗin ya raba masu suka kuma an yanke shi lokacin da aka fitar da shi a Amurka. Duk da haka, an shigar da shi a cikin bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Berlin inda aka zabi Roeg don kyautar Golden Bear. A yau ana ɗaukarsa muhimmin fim ɗin almara na kimiyya kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun fina-finai na Roeg. An saki Bad Timeing a cikin 1980 kuma tauraron Art Garfunkel a matsayin wani likitan hauka na Amurka da ke zaune a Vienna wanda ke haɓaka soyayya da wani ɗan ƙasar waje (wanda Theresa Russell ta buga, wanda Roeg ya yi aure daga baya), wanda ya ƙare a ƙarshen an garzaya da shi asibiti saboda wani lamari da yanayin da ya bayyana a tsawon lokacin fim. Da farko dai, masu suka ba su son shi, da kuma ƙungiyar masu rarraba ta Rank Organisation, wanda aka yi zargin cewa shi ne "fim ɗin mara lafiya da marasa lafiya suka yi don marasa lafiya."  Rank ya nemi a cire tambarin su daga fim ɗin da aka gama.

Lokaci mara kyau ya nuna farkon haɗin gwiwar fina-finai uku tare da Jeremy Thomas. Na biyu daga cikin waɗannan fina-finan Eureka (1983) an yi sako-sako da su a kan gaskiyar labarin Sir Harry Oakes; ya sami mafi ƙarancin saki duka a wasan kwaikwayo da kuma a gidabidiyo. An bi shi tare da Insignificance, wanda ke tunanin ganawar tsakanin Marilyn Monroe, Albert Einstein, mijin Monroe na biyu Joe DiMaggio da Sanata Joseph McCarthy. An nuna rashin mahimmanci a gasar a bikin fina-finai na Cannes na 1985, tare da zaɓin fim ɗin don yin gasa don Palme d'Or.

A cikin 1986, Sakataren Lafiya da Ayyukan Jama'a na lokacin Norman Fowler da kuma hukumar talla ta TBWA sun tuntubi Roeg don ya ba da umarnin yaƙin neman zaɓe na gwamnatin Biritaniya na yaƙi da cutar kanjamau: Kada ku mutu da jahilci.[22]

Fina-finan Roeg guda biyu na gaba, Castaway da Track 29, ana ɗaukar ƙananan shigarwar a cikin oeuvre. [ta wanene?]  An zaɓi Roeg don ba da jagoranci na littafin yara na Roald Dahl The Witches na Jim Henson, wanda ya sayi haƙƙin fim ga littafin a 1983. Wannan zai tabbatar da zama babban fim ɗinsa na ƙarshe na studio kuma ya tabbatar da babban nasara tare da masu suka, kodayake gazawar ofis ne. Roeg ya yi fina-finan wasan kwaikwayo guda uku ne kawai a bin The Witches: Cold Heaven (1992), Mutuwa Biyu (1995) da Puffball (2007). Roeg ya kuma yi ɗan ƙaramin aiki don talabijin, gami da Sweet Bird of Youth, daidaitawa na wasan Tennessee Williams, da Zuciyar Duhu da kuma wani labarin na Young Indiana Jones na George Lucas. 

Roeg bai sake yin fina-finai ba bayan 2007, amma ya buga wani abin tunawa, The World Is Ever Changing, a 2013.

## Salo da Tasiri
Fina-finan Roeg an san su da samun fage da hotuna daga shirin da aka gabatar a cikin yanayin da ba a daidaita ba, ba tare da la'akari da tsarin lokaci ba, yana buƙatar mai kallo ya yi aikin sake tsara su a hankali don fahimtar layin labarin. Suna kama da "karkatar da gaskiya cikin guda dubu" kuma suna "marasa tsinkaya, ban sha'awa, asiri, kuma suna da alhakin barin ku kuna mamakin abin da jahannama ta faru kawai..." Wannan kuma shine dabarun fim din Richard Lester na 1968 na Petulia, wanda shine fim na karshe na Roeg a matsayin mai daukar hoto kawai. Siffar fina-finan Roeg ita ce, ana gyara su ta hanyoyi masu banƙyama da ma'ana waɗanda ke ba da cikakkiyar ma'ana kawai a lokutan ƙarshe na fim ɗin, lokacin da wani muhimmin yanki na bayanai ya bayyana; su ne "mosaic-kamar montages [cike da] cikakkun bayanai na elliptical waɗanda suka zama masu mahimmanci daga baya.".

Waɗannan fasahohin, tare da ma'anar tunanin Roeg, sun yi tasiri daga baya masu yin fim kamar su Steven Soderbergh, Tony Scott,  Ridley Scott, François Ozon da Danny Boyle. Baya ga wannan, Christopher Nolan ya ce da fim dinsa Memento ya kasance "ba za a iya tunaninsa ba" ba tare da Roeg ba kuma ya buga wasan karshe na Insignificance a matsayin tasiri a kan farkonsa.[31] Baya ga wannan, Steven Soderbergh's Out of Sight yana nuna yanayin soyayya wanda hakan ke tasiri a bayyane a cikin Kada ku Duba Yanzu.[32]

## Manazarta