Rarraba walƙiya

**Rarraba walƙiya**, ko abin da ya faru na mutum, a kowane wuri ya dogara sosai da wurinsa, yanayi, da lokacin shekara. Hasken wuta yana da rarrabawar sararin samaniya. Bayanan walƙiya masu inganci sun kasance kwanan nan, amma bayanan sun nuna cewa walƙiya tana faruwa a matsakaita sau  a kowane sakan a duk duniya, yana yin jimlar kusan walƙiya biliyan 1.4 a kowace shekara.&nbsp;

## Matsayi na nau'ikan walƙiya
Yawan walƙiya da aka ƙayyade a duniya don intra-cloud (IC) + girgije-zuwa-girgije (CC) zuwa girgije-da-ƙasa (CG) yana cikin rabo: (IC + CC):CG = 3:1. Tushen yankin mara kyau a cikin girgije yawanci yana kusa da tsawo inda daskarewa ke faruwa. Yayin da wannan yankin ya fi kusa da ƙasa, yiwuwar girgije zuwa ƙasa ne. A cikin wurare masu zafi, inda yankin daskarewa ya fi girma, (IC + CC): rabo na CG kusan 9:1 ne. A Norway, a latitude 60 ° N, inda tsawo mai daskarewa ya fi ƙasa, (IC + CC): rabo na CG kusan 1:1 ne.

## Rarraba

Taswirar da ke dama ta nuna cewa walƙiya ba ta rarraba daidai a duniya ba. Kimanin kashi 70% na walƙiya yana faruwa a ƙasa a cikin Tropics, inda yawancin tsawa ke faruwa. Arewa da Kudancin Poles da yankunan da ke kan tekuna suna da mafi ƙarancin walƙiya. Wurin da walƙiya ke faruwa sau da yawa yana sama da kogin Catatumbo, wanda ke ciyar da Tafkin Maracaibo a Venezuela, inda abin da ake kira walƙiya ta Catatumbo ke haskakawa sau da yawa a minti daya, tare da walƙwalwa da ke faruwa har zuwa dare 300 a shekara. Wannan ya ba Tafkin Maracaibo mafi yawan walƙiya a kowace murabba'in kilomita a duniya, a 250. Yankin da ke da mafi yawa shine ƙauyen Kifuka, a cikin duwatsu na Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo,  inda tsawo ke kusa da mita 1,700 (5,600 , yana karɓar walƙiya 232 a kowace murabba'in kilomita (600 a kowace murabus mi) a shekara.  

Malaysia da Singapore suna da ɗayan mafi girman aikin walƙiya a duniya, bayan Indonesia da Colombia. Birnin Teresina a arewacin Brazil yana da kashi na uku mafi girma na abubuwan da suka faru na walƙiya a duniya. Yankin da ke kewaye da shi ana kiransa *Chapada do Corisco* ("Flash Lightning Flatlands"). 

A Amurka, gabar tekun yamma ne ke da karancin walƙiya, kuma Florida tana ganin walƙiya fiye da kowane yanki; A cikin 2018, kananan hukumomin Florida 14 sun kasance cikin manyan gundumomi 15 a Amurka don samun mafi girman walƙiya.[1] Florida tana da mafi yawan adadin yajin aikin da aka yi rikodin lokacin bazara. Yawancin Florida tsibiri ne, mai iyaka da teku ta bangarori uku tare da yanayin yanayi mai zafi. Sakamakon shine kusan kullum na ci gaban girgije wanda ke haifar da tsawa. Alal misali, "Lightning Alley" - wani yanki daga Tampa zuwa Orlando - yana fuskantar tsananin tsananin walƙiya. Tun daga 2007, an sami yawan bugu 50 a kowace murabba'in mil (kimanin 20 a kowace km2) a kowace shekara.[2][3] A cikin Rahoton Walƙiya na Shekara-shekara na 2018, Vaisala ya ba da rahoton cewa an sami kai hare-hare 24 a kowace murabba'in mil (kimanin 9 a kowace km2) a kowace shekara a Florida.[1] Ana samun walƙiya akan Ginin Daular Empire a cikin birnin New York akan matsakaita sau 23 a kowace shekara, kuma sau ɗaya an buga shi sau 8 a cikin mintuna 24.[4]￼￼￼

## Tushen bayanan walƙiya

Kafin a haɓaka fasaha don ganowa daidai da yin rikodin walƙiya, yanayin yanayi ya dogara ne akan yawan ganowar tsawa. Matsayin keraunic (ko ceraunic) shine matsakaicin adadin kwanaki a kowace shekara lokacin da aka ji tsawa a wani yanki. An yi amfani da taswirar isokeraunic don ba da ƙididdigar ƙididdigat na dangi na walƙiya. Koyaya, bambance-bambance a cikin yawan jama'a, nesa da sauti ke tafiya saboda ƙasa ya sa irin waɗannan taswirar ba daidai ba ne, kuma jin ɗan adam ya sa irin wannan taswirar ta zama daidai. Har ila yau, ba zai iya fatan rarrabe tsakanin nau'ikan walƙiya daban-daban ba.

Na'urori masu auna walƙiya na lantarki sun ci gaba a cikin karni na 20 ta amfani da rushewar raƙuman rediyo. Asalin kuɗin irin waɗannan kayan ya haifar da ci gaba ne kawai. Koyaya ƙaramin saiti na'urori masu auna sigina a Amurka da aka yi amfani da su a lokacin aikin 1979 na NOAA's National Severe Storms Laboratory ya girma cikin National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN), yana samun ɗaukar hoto a duk faɗin ƙasar a cikin 1989. Vaisala yanzu shine mai aiki kuma mai rarraba bayanai daga NLDN, kuma ya haɓaka Cibiyar Binciken Hasken Kanada (CLDN) tun daga shekarar 1998. Cibiyar sadarwa ta EUCLID ita ce cibiyar sadarwa ta Turai, tana rufe mafi yawan nahiyar ban da wasu ƙasashe masu nisa na gabas. Haɗin gwiwar masu son ya haifar da kafa al'ummar Blitzortung, wanda ke ba da bayanan walƙiya na ainihi daga mafi yawan duniya (kazalika da bayanan tarihi tun daga 2008) a ƙarƙashin lasisin Creative Commons .  A cikin Amurka, ana ƙara sa ido kan walƙiya akai-akai ta hanyar cibiyoyin ganowa masu yawa kamar Oklahoma Lightning Mapping Array  ko North Alabama Lightning Manning Array, wanda aka fi sani da NALMA. 

An fara auna walƙiya ta tauraron dan adam a shekarar 1997 lokacin da NASA da Hukumar Raya sararin samaniya ta Japan (NASDA) suka kaddamar da Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) a cikin tauraron dan Adam na TRMM, suna ba da wuraren bincike na lokaci-lokaci a kan sassan wurare masu zafi da na duniya har sai tauraron dan kasa ya ɓace a shekarar 2015. A cikin 2017 NOAA ta fara tura Geostationary Lightning Mappers a cikin tauraron dan adam na GOES-R, suna ba da ci gaba da ɗaukar yawancin ƙasar a cikin yammacin Hemisphere.￼

Taswirar walƙiya ta Amurka / km2 matsakaici daga 1997-2010 suna samuwa daga shafin yanar gizon Vaisala don kuɗi. Ƙarin cikakkun taswirar walƙiya na yanki na Amurka bisa ga Hukumar Kula da Yanayi da Yanayi ta Kasa (NOAA) da kuma bayanan Sabis na Yanayi na Kasa (NWS) da ke tsakiya a birane daban-daban ana fitar da su ta Cibiyar hadin gwiwa don Nazarin Yanayi a Jami'ar Texas A & M . 

## Manazarta

## Dubi kuma

* Blitzortung - Cibiyar sadarwa ta duniya, ainihin lokacin, haɗin gwiwar walƙiya ta al'umma.