open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ijemo Massacre

**Kisan Ijemo** ya faru ne a ranar 8 ga Agusta 1914, a Abeokuta, wanda ya yi sanadin kashe wasu mutanen Ijemo. Lamarin ya samo asali ne daga adawar da suka yi da yarjejeniyar 1893, wadda ta yi alkawarin cin gashin kanta ga Masarautar Egba . Rikicin ya zama hujja ga hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya don karfafa ikonsu a yankin Egba yankin da daga baya ya zama wani yanki na Najeriya . 

Da misalin karfe 3 na yammacin ranar 8 ga watan Agustan 1914, sojojin da aka tura garin Ijemo a daren jiya (ba tare da daukar wani mataki ba) kwatsam suka bude wuta kan taron mutanen kauyen da suka hada da maza da mata da yara da shugabansu Oluwo Arimokunrin. Harin ya biyo bayan wata tattaunawa da mazauna kauyen suka yi kan korar sakataren gwamnatin Burtaniya da aka yi a Ijemo. 

A yayin taron tunawa da kisan kiyashin na Ijemo karo na 110, Cif Oluyinka Kufile, Oluwo na Ijemo da Aro na Egbaland, sun yi tsokaci kan muhimmancin tarihin taron. Ya yi nuni da cewa kisan kiyashin ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen dunkulewar Nijeriya a matsayin kasa daya. Ya kara da cewa, bikin ya zama abin girmamawa ga al’adun kabilar Ijemo da kuma tunawa da jaruman da suka mutu. Cif Kufile ya kuma bayyana cewa kisan kiyashin ya samo asali ne daga rashin aminta da gwamnatin Birtaniya da ‘yan kabilar Ijemo da kuma nuna adawa da zalunci da ‘yan mulkin mallaka suka yi wa al’umma.  

## Manazarta
Ceto 'yan Najeriya na 2020

Da sanyin safiyar ranar 31 ga Oktoba, 2020, Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa ta Amurka daga Kungiyar Cigaban Yakin Naval na Musamman (DEVGRU) Rundunar Azurfa sun gudanar da wani samame a Arewacin Najeriya, wanda ya yi sanadin kubutar da wani Ba’amurke da aka yi garkuwa da shi tare da kashe shida daga cikin masu garkuwa da mutane bakwai.   'yan bindiga sun yi garkuwa da wani matashi mai shekaru 27 Philip Walton, a gaban iyalansa a gidansa da ke kauyen Massalata a makwabciyar kasar Nijar a ranar 26 ga watan Oktoba, da nufin sayar da shi ga kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda da ke yankin.     

## Fage
A cikin 2020, Nijar ta fuskanci hare-hare da dama daga masu tsattsauran ra'ayi masu alaka da kungiyoyin IS da al-Qaeda . Kimanin watanni biyu kafin sace Walton, mayakan da ke da alaka da IS sun kashe ma'aikatan agaji na Faransa shida da jagoransu na Nijar a lokacin da suke ziyartar wurin shakatawa na namun daji da ke kusa da Yamai babban birnin kasar.  Bugu da ƙari, an yi garkuwa da ma'aikacin agaji Ba'amurke Jeffery Woodke daga Abalak a watan Oktoba 2016, kuma an yi imanin an tsare shi a Mali  kafin a sake shi a ranar 20 ga Maris, 2023. 

Philip Walton is an American citizen and the son of missionaries, who has lived in Massalata with his wife and child for two years. His father lives in Birni-N'konni, and has lived in Niger for about 30 years.

## Manazarta
Josephine Joseph Lagu

**Josephine Joseph Lagu** (an haife ta ne a watan Nuwamban  1953) 'yar siyasar kasar Sudan ta Kudu ce .  Ita ce 'yar fari ga Joseph Lagu .  An nada ta a matsayin daya daga cikin mataimakan shugaban Sudan ta Kudu a ranar 10 ga watan Fabrairu, 2025,  bayan da ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Noma da kuma Tsaron Abinci tun daga shekarar 2020.

## Haɗin siyasa
Josephine Lagu ta kasance memba ce na Jam'iyyar Demokradiyya ta Jama'a wacce Hakim Darious ya kafa  an zabe ta ne a shekarar 2019 zuwa matsayin shugaban Kungiyar adawa ta Sudan ta Kudu, wacce ta ƙunshi jam'iyyun adawa daban-daban. 

## Rikici
An zargi Lagu ne da shiga cikin satar kudi a shekarar 2009. A kuma  ranar 30 ga watan Afrilu, 2010, Babban Kotun Juba ta wanke Lagu daga duk tuhumar da Ake Mata saboda rashin hujja.

## Manazarta
Benjamin Bol Mel

**Benjamin Bol Mel Kuol** (an haife shi a shekarar ,1978 ) ɗan siyasan Kasar Sudan ta Kudu ne.

Bol Mel ya kasance kuma ɗan kasuwa ne kuma babban mai ba da shawara kan harkan kuɗi ga Shugaba Salva Kiir. Shugaban Amurka Donald Trump ya ba da umarnin zartarwa a ranar 21 ga watan Disamba, 2017 a karkashin Dokar Magnitsky don toshe kadarorinsa na Amurka.

An nada Bol Mel a matsayin daya daga cikin mataimakan shugaban Sudan ta Kudu a ranar 10 ga watan Fabrairu 2025.  Kafin wannan kuma , ya kasance mataimakin babban sakatare na kungiyar SPLM.

## Inda Aka Samu Bayanan da aka ambata
Kisan kiyashi na Akwanaja

A ranar 23 ga watan Junairu, 2023, wani hari da sojojin saman Najeriya suka kai a Akwanaja, jihar Nasarawa, a Najeriya, ya kashe makiyaya arba'in. Hare-haren ta sama dai shi ne karo na uku da sojojin Najeriya ke kai wa tun a watan Disambar 2022, bayan harin da jiragen yakin Tudun Biri suka kai a ranar 3 ga watan Disamba wanda ya kashe sama da mutane 120 da kuma harin Mutumji jim kadan bayan haka ya kashe mutane 64. 

## Fage
An shafe shekaru da dama ana fama da rikici tsakanin makiyaya da manoma a jihar Nasarawa, kuma sojojin Najeriya na yawan shiga tsakani domin kare yankunan daga hare-haren ‘yan bindiga ko garkuwa da mutane. Tun a shekarar 2017 ne sojojin Najeriya ke amfani da yakin sama kamar hare-hare ta sama da jiragen sama wajen tunkarar wadannan kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda, duk da cewa rashin hadin gwiwa da jami'an leken asiri na cikin gida da jami'an tsaron gwamnati suka yi ya yi sanadin mutuwar mutane 400 a hare-haren da jiragen yakin suka kai.  

A ranar 3 ga watan Disamba, 2022, wani hari da jiragen saman Najeriya mara matuki suka kai kan fararen hular da suke bikin Maulidi, ya kashe sama da mutane 120 a Tudun Biri, sannan a ranar 27 ga watan Disamba wani harin da jirgi mara matuki ya kai a Mutumji ya kashe mutane 64. 

## Harin jirgin sama
Jim kadan gabanin kai harin ta sama a Akwanaja, hukumomin Najeriya sun kwace sama da shanu dubu mallakin Fulani makiyaya a kan iyakokin jihohin Binuwai da Nasarawa. An dai sasanta rikicin cikin lumana, inda makiyayan suka biya tarar shanunsu.  Wasu gungun makiyaya ne suka tashi da daddare don kwaso shanunsu daga Makurdi, inda ake tsare da su, domin mayar da su garinsu da safe.  A tsakiyar dare kusa da ƙauyen Akwanaja, waɗanda suka tsira sun ba da rahoton jin ƙarar fashewar wani abu da hayaniya daga sama.  Akalla mutane 40 ne suka mutu, kuma wurin ya kasance da kura tare da wadanda suka tsira da raunuka suna kururuwar neman taimako. 

## Manazarta
Kisan kiyashi na Giwa

**Kisan giwa** wanda aka fi sani da **yakin Giwa**, shi ne harin da mayakan Boko Haram suka kai a barikin Giwa da ke Maiduguri a jihar Bornon Najeriya a ranar 14 ga Maris, 2014. Yakin barikin ya kawo karshe da fatattakar ‘yan Boko Haram, inda jami’an Najeriya suka ce an kashe mayakan Boko Haram sama da 200. Dakarun Najeriya da na CJTF sun yi wa fursunoni sama da 600 da suka tsere daga Giwa kisan kiyashi a yakin da aka yi a wasu sassan Maiduguri kusa da bariki bayan yakin.

## Fage
Boko Haram ta fito ne a shekarar 2009 a matsayin kungiyar jihadi ta zamantakewa da siyasa a cikin rashin nasarar tawaye a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya.  A tsawon shekaru da suka biyo baya, Abubakar Shekau ya hada kungiyoyin masu tsatsauran ra'ayin Islama a yankin tare da ci gaba da tayar da kayar baya ga gwamnatin Najeriya, tare da kai hare-haren ta'addanci da tashin bama-bamai a garuruwa da al'ummomin yankin.  Tun daga farkon shekarar 2014, kungiyar ta kai hare-hare 40 inda mutane 700 suka mutu. 

An dai yi amfani da barikin Giwa da ke Maiduguri a matsayin wurin da ake zargin mayakan Boko Haram da wasu da ake tsare da su a jihar Borno tun bayan barkewar rikicin Boko Haram shekaru da dama da suka wuce.  Akalla mutane 7,000 ne suka mutu a bariki tun daga shekarar 2011 saboda munanan yanayi, kuma sama da 1,200 sojojin Najeriya sun kashe ba tare da shari'a ba tsakanin 2012 da 2014 a cewar Amnesty International .  A lokacin da Boko Haram ta kai harin a ranar 14 ga Maris, kusan fursunoni 1,600 ne suka hallara a Giwa, inda Sanatan Maiduguri Ahmed Zanna ya ce "kashi 90 zuwa 95 na wadanda ake tsare da su, mutanen da ba su ji ba su gani ba ne." 

## Bayan haka
A watan Agustan 2014, wani faifan bidiyo ya nuna yadda sojojin Najeriya ke yanke makogwaron fursunonin da aka sake kama a Giwa.  A yankuna da dama na Maiduguri, har yanzu ana ci gaba da bazuwar harsashi a kasa sakamakon yakin da ake yi da kisan kiyashi, kuma an ce yara suna wasa da su a karshen shekarar 2014. 

## Manazarta
Ofishin Shugaban kasa (Sudan ta Kudu)

**Ofishin Shugaban kasa**  Ta kasance ma'aikatar Gwamnatin Kasar Sudan ta Kudu ce da ke kula da harkokin shugaban kasa Barnaba Marial Benjamin shine ministan da ke aiki a watan Satumbar  

## Manazarta
Ngozi Iwere

**Ngozi Patricia Iwere** (an haife ta a watan Agusta 12, 1956) yar Najeriya ce mai fafutukar ganin an ci gaban al'umma.   Ta kafa kuma ta jagoranci Community Life Project (CLP), ƙungiyar da ke ba da shawara ga ilimin kiwon lafiya da haɗin gwiwar jama'a, tare da mai da hankali kan rigakafin HIV/AIDS da lafiyar mata.  Har ila yau, ta haɗu da Ƙungiyar Mata ta Afirka (AFF), cibiyar sadarwa na masu fafutuka, masu bincike, da masu aiki a fadin Afirka.  Ta kasance ' yar Ashoka tun 1996. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Iwere a ranar 12 ga Agusta, 1956, a Illah jihar Delta, Najeriya.  Ta fuskanci yakin basasar Najeriya da talauci a lokacin kuruciyarta.   takardar shedar ilimi ta kasa a kwalejin ilimi Abraka, jihar Delta a shekarar 1977.  A lokacin karatunta, ta shiga cikin gwagwarmayar ɗalibai. 

## Sana'a
Iwere ta fara aikinta na aikin jarida ne da mujallu mai kula da harkokin kasuwanci a Afirka ta Yamma ( ECOWAS ), inda ta ba da labarin batutuwan kasashen waje da rikice-rikicen kasa.  Ta kuma taimaka wajen kafa kungiyar mata a Najeriya, Women in Nigeria (WIN), inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai gudanarwa na kasa. 

Iwere ya fara aiki kan batutuwan da suka shafi cutar kanjamau a ƙarshen 80s da farkon 90s, a lokacin da cutar ta yaɗu a Afirka. Ta gano cewa akwai bukatar samar da cikakkiyar hanya ta lamuran lafiya da suka hada da maza da mata.  Wannan ya haifar da kafa Community Life Project (CLP) a cikin 1992, ƙungiyar da ke aiki tare da cibiyoyin sadarwa na gida kamar ƙungiyoyin salon gashi, kasuwanni, da makarantu don rarraba bayanan rigakafi da magani.   CLP kuma daga baya aka kafa Reclaim Naija Grassroots Movement a 2010 sun mayar da hankali kan shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya na al'umma, musamman a fannin rigakafin cutar kanjamau da lafiyar mata.   

## Manazarta
Kwararrun masu ilimin ji da ji a Najeriya

## Kwarewar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun kiwon lafiya
Najeriya kasa ce mai tasowa mai karamin karfi da ke a Afirka.  A halin yanzu, akwai ƙarancin bayani game da lafiyar sauti da ji a Najeriya.

## Ƙididdiga na yanzu

GNI $Int PPP: ga kowa da kowa babban kuɗin shiga na ƙasa a cikin dalolin ƙasa da ƙasa; Pop. (000s): yawan jama'a (000s); Auds: jimlar masanan audio; Auds/mil. pop: masu binciken audio akan mutane miliyan; ENTs: jimlar likitocin ENT; ENTs/mil. pop: ENT likitocin da mutane miliyan; Aud phys: likitocin audio; Aud technics: masu fasaha na audio; SLT: masu ilimin harshe; TOD: malaman kurame 

## Manazarta
Chol Ajongo Mawut

**Chol Ajongo** 'ya kasance dan siyasar kasar Sudan ta Kudu ne  a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Shugaban kasa .   [daidaitaccen tabbatarwa] a cikin Gwamnatin Rubuce-rubuce ta Ƙasa. An nada shi a wannan mukamin a ranar 19 ga watan Agusta, shekarar 2024,  ya gaji matsayinsa na Jakadan Sudan ta Kudu a Kenya.  

## Manazarta
Peter Mercallo Nasir

**Peter Mercallo Nasir** ɗan siyasan Sudan ta Kudu ne wanda shine Ministan makamashi  da Dams a shekarar 2022.

## Naɗa shi
Wanda Shugaba Salva Kiir Mayardit ne ya nada shi, a matsayin Ministan Makamashi da Dams a shekarar 2020. 

## Inda Aka Samu Bayanan da aka ambata
Obinna Onodugo

Obinna Onodugo farfesa ne dan Najeriya kuma mai ba da shawara kan ciwon huhu wanda ke aiki a matsayin Babban Daraktan Lafiya na Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami'ar Najeriya (UNTH), Ituku-Ozalla, Jihar Enugu .    Onodugo farfesa ne dan Najeriya kuma mai ba da shawara kan ciwon huhu wanda ke aiki a matsayin Babban Daraktan Lafiya na Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami'ar Najeriya (UNTH), Ituku-Ozalla, Jihar Enugu .    da aiki

Onodugo ya samu digirin farko na likitanci da tiyata (MBBS). Shi memba ne kuma abokin aikin Kwalejin Likitoci ta Yammacin Afirka . Ya yi Fellowship a Public Administration da Master of Business Administration (MBA). Har zuwa lokacin da aka nada shi a matsayin CMD, ya kasance shugaba, Majalisar Shawarwari ta Likita (CMAC). Ya yi aiki a matsayin malami kuma mai ba da shawara kan ilimin halin dan Adam a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Jami'ar Najeriya (UNN), da UNTH, Ituku-Ozalla. Shi ne mai farawa kuma mai haɗin gwiwa na Consortium for Advocacy and Research, (CADRE). 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Onodugo ta auri Dr. Nkiruka Onodugo kuma suna da yara. 

## Manazarta
Abayomi Ajayi

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Ajayi a birnin Lagos na Najeriya kuma ya rasa iyayensa tun yana karami. 

Ya halarci Makarantar Grammar CMS da ke Legas daga 1973 zuwa 1978, sannan ya kammala digirinsa a Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jami’ar Legas a 1984. Ya kammala karatun digirinsa na biyu a Asibitin Kwalejin Jami’ar Ibadan a shekarar 1994 tare da hadin gwiwar Kwalejin Likitoci ta Afirka ta Yamma a bangaren mata masu ciki da mata. Ya sami horo a cikin in-vitro hadi a Iscare Center for Assisted Haihuwa, Bratislava, Slovak Republic kazalika da Cibiyar Human Reproduction Symbion, Fruebjerguej (wani cibiyar bincike) da kuma haihuwa Clinic na Jami'ar Copenhagen, Herlev Hospital, dukansu a Copenhagen, Denmark. Shi kuma tsohon dalibi ne na Cibiyar SEED ta Jami'ar Stanford don haɓaka haɓakar tattalin arziki.

## Sana'a
Ajayi ya shiga hidimar Asibitin Lagoon, Legas a matsayin mai ba da shawara a fannin mata masu juna biyu da mata a watan Fabrairun 1995 kuma ya rike wannan mukamin har zuwa Oktoba 2002, lokacin da ya bar Nordica Fertility Centre, Legas . A lokacin zamansa a asibitin Lagoon, an nada shi kodinetan kula da ayyukan jinya na asibitin. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara na ɗan lokaci ga asibitoci da ƙungiyoyi da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da Chevron / Texaco Nigeria Plc, Legas. Shi ne Manajan Darakta & Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa na Cibiyar Haihuwa ta Nordica, Legas wanda ya fara aikin Intracytoplasmic Morphologically Selected Injection (IMSI) a Najeriya;  asibitin ya ƙware a cikin in-vitro hadi da kuma kula da rashin haihuwa. Shi ne wakilin kasar na obgyn.net (cibiyar sadarwa ta kasa da kasa na likitocin obstetrics da gynecologist.

* Kungiyar likitocin Najeriya
* Kungiyar likitocin mata ta Najeriya
* Ƙungiyar Amirka don Magungunan Haihuwa
* Ƙungiyar Amirka don Laparoscopy na Gynecological
* Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Gynecological Endoscopy
* Ƙungiyar Amirka ta Liposuction Surgery
* Cibiyar Nazarin Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwararrun Amirka
* Cigaban Ilimin Gynecology Endoscopy na Najeriya
* Cigaban Ilimin Gynecology Endoscopy na Najeriya

## Manazarta
Peter Marcello Nasir

Shugaba Salva Kiir Mayardit ne ya nada shi, a matsayin Ministan Makamashi da Dams na Kasar a shekarar 2020.
Dick W. Emuchay

**Dick W. Emuchay** listen ⓘ (5 ga Agusta 1919 &#x2013; 8 ga Mayu 1995), wanda kuma ake kira “Sir DW Emuchay”, likita ne dan Najeriya da Birtaniya . Ya taba zama shugaban farko na hukumar kula da ma'aikatan jihar ta Gabas ta tsakiya . A shekarar 1981, Samuel Onunaka Mbakwe, gwamnan jihar Imo, ya nada Emuchay a matsayin Pro-Chancellor kuma shugaban majalisar gudanarwa na sabuwar jami'ar Imo jihar Imo, daga baya Abia State University Ya yi aiki a wannan matsayi har 1985. An ce ya kafa asibiti na farko mai zaman kansa a fadin Najeriya, inda a shekarar 1961 ya kafa wani asibiti mai zaman kansa a gida. a Ukwa East, Jihar Abia .

Likitan farko na Azumini, Emuchay, an zabe shi gaba daya a matsayin shugaban kungiyar jin dadin Azumini na kasa na farko a yayin taron kungiyar na farko a ranar 30 ga Disamba 1958.  Ya kuma taka rawa wajen kafa makarantar sakandare ta kasa, Azumini. 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Emuchay a Abak, Jihar Akwa Ibom a gabashin Najeriya, kuma ya halarci Kwalejin Gwamnati Umuahia,  1932 - 1934 King's College, Lagos, 1935-1936 Higher College, Yaba Lagos 1937-1942 University of St Andrews, Scotland 1945-194 da Tsafta). Ya yi jarrabawar sa a shekarar 1953. 

Ya koyar da ilimin halittu a Kwalejin Igbobi, Yaba,  kafin ya wuce zuwa Jami'ar St. Andrews Scotland da Makarantar Likitan Tropical na Liverpool . Ya yi aikin likita na ɗan lokaci a Ƙasar Ingila a matsayin babban likita kuma likitan gida kafin ya koma Najeriya.

## Manazarta
Okechukwu Enelamah

**Okechukwu Enelamah** ( pronunciation ⓘ ) (an haife shi a shekara ta 1964) shi ne tsohon ministan masana'antu, kasuwanci da zuba jari na Najeriya. Shugaban kasa Muhammadu Buhari ne ya zabe shi don shiga majalisar ministocin tarayya a watan Oktobar 2015  kuma ya nada shi a fannin masana’antu, kasuwanci da zuba jari a watan Nuwamba 2015. Ya yi wannan mukamin har zuwa 2019. 

## Ilimi
Enelamah ya kammala karatunsa na digiri a Kwalejin Gwamnati, Umuahia ya sami digiri na farko a fannin likitanci, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) a Jami'ar Najeriya da ke Nsukka a shekarar 1985. Ya yi digiri na biyu a fannin harkokin kasuwanci (MBA) a Jami'ar Harvard a 1994 inda ya kasance hamshakin mai yin burodi da kuma Loeb Fellow.  Ya kasance memba na ICAN (1992) kuma ya zama CFA Charterholder a 1997.  Ya sami lambar yabo ta Dean's List a digirinsa na MBBS da ya kammala a Jami'ar Najeriya, kuma an ba shi kyaututtuka na kasa a jarrabawar Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN) .

## Sana'a
Enelamah ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Babban mai ba da shawara kuma mai ba da shawara a cikin 1988 a Arthur Anderson (yanzu KPMG Professional Services). Daga baya ya yi aiki a ofisoshin New York da London na Goldman Sachs a cikin 1993 kafin ya shiga Zephyr Management a matsayin manajan zuba jari inda ya tashi zuwa Principal a ofishin Johannesburg tsakanin 1995 da 1997.  Enelamah ya kafa African Capital Alliance (ACA), wani kamfani mai zaman kansa mai zaman kansa, a cikin 1997 inda ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaba, Trade, Trade and Investment a Nuwamba 1997. Muhammadu Buhari .

* Ma'aikatar masana'antu, kasuwanci da zuba jari ta tarayya

## Manazarta
George A. Garrick

**George Adeniji Garrick na Siluko, MB ChB** (8 Afrilu 1917 - 12 Yuli 1988) ya rike tarihin tsalle-tsalle na Najeriya daga 1938 zuwa 1952.

## Fage
An haife shi a Legas a ranar 8 ga Afrilu 1917, George Adeniji Garrick shi ne babban ɗan Stanley David Garrick, babban jami'in gwamnati kuma mai kula da Oba na Benin a Masarautar Benin, yanzu a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya . Kakansa limamin katakist ne na Saliyo Creole a Brass, Nigeria mai suna JD Garrick.

George Garrick ya halarci Kwalejin King, Legas inda ya kasance Head Boy. Ya yi fice a fannin ilimi kuma an san shi da bajintar sa a wasannin da suka hada da cricket da kwallon kafa da kabewa da kuma wasannin motsa jiki.

## Rikodin kasa
A cikin 1938, Garrick ya ji daɗin lokacinsa mafi kyau lokacin da ya kafa tarihin High Jump na Najeriya tare da share ƙafa 6 3 da 1/2&nbsp;inci a lokacin gasar wasannin motsa jiki a Legas. Tarihinsa ya kasance ba a doke shi ba har tsawon shekaru goma sha hudu kuma ya sa ya sami karbuwa a kasa. An halicci hoton littafin motsa jiki don girmama gudunmawarsa ga wasanni gabaɗaya da Babban Jump musamman; wanda miliyoyin daliban Najeriya suka saba da shi.

Barkewar yakin duniya na biyu a shekara ta 1939 ya kawo karshen fatan Garrick na samun lambar yabo a gasar daular Biritaniya wadda, da yawanci, za a gudanar da ita a shekarar 1942. Duk da haka, ya ci gaba da yin rijistar nasarorin wasannin motsa jiki da dama a matsayin dalibin likitanci a Jami'ar Glasgow a shekarun yaki. A watan Oktoba na 1946, jami'a ta ba shi kyautar Full Athletics Blue; Sa'an nan, a cikin 1947, ya sami lambar yabo ta duniya wakiltar Scotland da Ingila da Ireland . Daga baya, an nada shi Kyaftin na Wasan Wasan Kwallon Kafa na Jami'ar don lokacin 1948 – 49.

## Manazarta
Edwin Edeh

**Edwin Isotu Edeh** wani malami ne dan Najeriya, marubuci, kiwon lafiyar jama'a da kuma kwararre kan muhalli a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara na kasa na shirin Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) Lafiya da Muhalli (PHE) a Najeriya.   Shi ne marubucin littafin, Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli: Fahimtar Matsalolin Yanzu da Magani na 21st Century wanda aka karɓa a matsayin daidaitaccen rubutu a yawancin jami'o'in Afirka ciki har da Jami'ar Cavendish, Kampala da Jami'ar Mount Kenya.   Shi ne wanda ya yi nasara sau biyu a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan kiwon lafiya na Najeriya na shekarar 2021 da 2022. 

## Ilimi da aiki
Edwin Edeh ya fara karatunsa na farko a Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Ribas, Fatakwal inda ya karanta fasahar kula da muhalli. Ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin kula da muhalli a Jami'ar Fatakwal sannan kuma ya yi digirin digirgir a fannin kula da muhalli da kuma kula da muhalli daga Jami'ar Najeriya .  Edeh yana riƙe da takaddun shaida na kiwon lafiya da jin kai na Jami'ar Manchester ta duniya da kuma bayanan kiwon lafiya tsakanin kwararru daga Jami'ar Minnesota . Shi kwararren memba ne na Kungiyar Muhalli ta Najeriya (NES), Fellow of African Institute of Public Health Professionals (AIPHP), EHORECON mai lasisin Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli da kuma ƙwararren mai ba da shawara na gudanarwa na Cibiyar Ba da Shawarar Gudanarwa ta Duniya, Zurich. 

Edeh ya fara aikinsa ne a matsayin jami'in kula da lafiyar jama'a a Oyorokoto, Andoni, jihar Rivers, daya daga cikin manyan wuraren kamun kifi a yammacin Afirka. Ya koyar a Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Ribas da ke Fatakwal kafin ya tafi ya koma WHO a matsayin kwararre a fannin kiwon lafiya da muhalli kuma mai ba da shawara na kasa ga Najeriya.  A cikin shekara ta 2018, ya daidaita sake zagayowar sake zagayowar na 3 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Analysis da Assessment kan Tsabtace da Ruwan Sha (GLASS) Initiative a duk faɗin Najeriya, kuma ya jagoranci 2020 WHO/UNICEF/WSSCC ta tallafa wa WASH TRACKFIN Initiative na bin diddigin saka hannun jari da shigar da kuɗi a cikin Sashin WASH da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na Najeriya.   A cikin watan Mayu 2019, ya haɗu da Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka ta Najeriya (NCDC), Ma'aikatun Muhalli da Wutar Lantarki, Ayyuka da Gidaje, WHO da sauran abokan haɗin gwiwa na 1st multisectoral National Environmental Health Response don rigakafin cutar zazzabin Lassa a Najeriya.    

## Labarai
Edeh ya wallafa ayyuka da yawa game da lafiyar jama'a da muhalli ciki har da wani littafi mai shafi 426: *Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli: Fahimtar Matsalolin Yanzu da Magani na 21st Century* (2016) ana amfani da shi azaman daidaitaccen rubutu a cikin jami'o'in Afirka da yawa ciki har da Jami'ar Cavendish Uganda da Jami'ar Dutsen Kenya, Nairobi. 

## Manazarta
Josephine Napwon Cosmos

**Josephine Napwon Cosmas** Takasance yar siyasar kasar Sudan ta Kudu ce wacce ke aiki a matsayin Ministan Muhalli da Kudancin daji a cikin Ma'aikatar Sudan ta Kudancin . 

## Manazarta
Madut Biar Yel

**Madut Biar Yel** Ya kasance Dan siyasar kasar Sudan ta Kudu ne. Shine Ministan Sadarwa da Ayyukan Wasiku na yanzu a cikin Ma'aikatar Sudan ta Kudu. An nada shi a wannan mukamin a ranar 10 ga watan Yulin 2011. 

## Manazarta
Adenike Grange

**Adenike Grange** farfesa ne a fannin ilimin yara, mashawarci, marubuci kuma tsohon Ministan Lafiya . An nada ta ne a ranar 25 ga Yulin 2007, inda ta zama ministar lafiya ta farko a Najeriya. A lokacin aikinta, ta yi aiki don inganta harkokin kiwon lafiya, rage mace-macen mata masu juna biyu da cututtuka a tsakanin kungiyoyi masu rauni. An kama ta ne bisa umarnin shugaban kasa Umaru Musa 'Yar'aduwa kan karkatar da kudaden gwamnati da suka kai Naira miliyan 300 da ba a yi amfani da su ba. Hukumar da ke yaki da masu yi wa tattalin arzikin kasa zagon kasa (EFCC) ne ta binciki ta inda aka gurfanar da ita a gaban kuliya. Ta yi murabus daga ofishin a ranar 26 ga Maris 2008.

## Fage
Adenike Grange ya yi makarantar sakandare a Legas sannan ya yi makarantar St. Francis' College, Letchworth a Burtaniya . Daga 1958 zuwa 1964 ta karanci likitanci a jami'ar St Andrews da ke Scotland. Ta yi aiki a asibitin Dudley Road da ke Birmingham kafin ta dawo Najeriya a shekarar 1965, inda ta ci gaba da aiki a asibitocin Legas. Ta koma Birtaniya a 1967 kuma ta zama babbar jami'ar kula da lafiyar yara (Pediatrics) a asibitin St Mary's Hospital for Children, sannan ta sami Diploma a kan lafiyar yara a 1969. A 1971 ta shiga Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami'ar Legas . A 1978, ta zama malama a kwalejin likitanci, Jami'ar Legas . Ta zama babban malami a 1981 kuma farfesa a 1995. 

Grange ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Tarayya, WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA da USAID .  Ita ce mai ba da shawara ta WHO kan shirin kiwon lafiyar haihuwa a Najeriya daga 1993 zuwa 1999. Ita ce marubucin littattafan kimiyya sama da hamsin, musamman kan gudawa da yanayin abinci mai gina jiki ga yara. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar kungiyar likitocin yara ta duniya.  A cikin aikinta, ta zama sananne a matsayin mai ba da shawara don inganta lafiyar yara. 

A ranar 25 ga Yuli, 2007, Grange ya zama ministar lafiya ta Tarayyar Najeriya, inda ta zama mace ta farko da ta rike mukamin. 

A ranar 9 ga Nuwamba 2007, Grange ya gabatar da Lancet Lancet a Cibiyar Lafiya ta Duniya da Ci gaba ta UCL .

Ta bayyana cewa, "Akwai isassun dabarun ilimi, dabaru, kayan aiki, magunguna da ka'idojin magani don warkar da cututtuka da kuma tsawaita rayuwa, amma gaskiyar ita ce tsarin da aka tsara don samar da waɗannan sakamakon ba su da isasshen ko ma babu wanda ke da matsala a duniya". Ta bayyana yin aiki a Najeriya don daidaita hanyoyin samar da lafiya tare da yin koyi da mafi kyawun ayyuka daga wasu ƙasashe. Abubuwan da aka ba da fifiko sun haɗa da kawar da cutar shan inna, magance zazzabin cizon sauro, rage mace-macen mata masu juna biyu, da rage yawan cututtuka a cikin ƙungiyoyi masu rauni. 

## Manazarta
Timothy Menakaya

**Timothy Ndubisi Menakaya** (an haife shi 27 ga Mayu 1934) likita ne kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Najeriya wanda ya yi ministan lafiya daga 1999 zuwa 2001.  

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Menakaya a ranar 27 ga Mayu 1934 kuma ya fito daga Umunya, a karamar hukumar Oyi a jihar Anambra a yau . Ya halarci Makarantar Grammar Dennis Memorial a Onitsha sannan ya sami digiri a fannin likitanci da tiyata a Jami'ar Bologna, Italiya, a 1964.   Shi ɗan'uwa ne a Kwalejin Likitoci ta Yammacin Afirka . 

## Sana'a
Menakaya ya yi aikin likitanci a Italiya da Ingila kafin ya dawo Najeriya a shekarar 1966, inda ya yi aikin likita a Gabashin Najeriya .  Ya yi aikin sojan Biafra a lokacin yakin basasar Najeriya .  Ya yi aiki tare da Archdiocese na Roman Katolika na Onitsha a asibitin Holy Rosary Maternity Hospital da St. Charles Borromeo Hospital. A 1974, ya kafa asibitin Menax a Onitsha.  Menakaya ya rike mukaman jagoranci a bangarori daban-daban na masana'antu, ilimi da kiwon lafiya. 

Menakaya ya rike mukamin ministan lafiya na Najeriya daga shekarar 1999 zuwa 2001, a zamanin mulkin shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo .  Ya yi aiki a kan gyare-gyaren kiwon lafiya daban-daban da tsare-tsare da nufin inganta tsarin kiwon lafiyar kasar, ciki har da shirin cizon sauro da kuma tsarin inshorar lafiya na kasa.   Ya kuma fadada kokarin wayar da kan jama'a game da lafiyar jama'a tare da bincikar da'awar maganin rigakafin cutar kanjamau.  

## Manazarta
Rezik Zechariah Hassan

**Rezik Zechariah Hassan** ya kasance Gwamnan Jihar Lol,Ta Sudan ta Kudu tun daga 24 ga watan Disambar, 2015.  Shi ne gwamnan farko a jihar, wanda Shugaba Salva Kiir ya kirkira a ranar 2 ga watan Oktoban, 2015. 

Sanan ya kasance Gwamna na Yammacin Bahr el Ghazal a baya . 

## Inda Aka Samu Bayanan da aka ambata
Chukwuedu Nwokolo

**Chukwuedu Nathaniel II Nwokolo** pronunciation ⓘ (19 Afrilu 1921 – 18 ga Mayu 2014)   kwararre ne na likitan Najeriya kan cututtuka masu zafi .    An gane shi don ganowa da kuma tsara taswirar yankin cutar huhu na paragonimiasis a Gabashin Najeriya, tare da nazarin cutar a Afirka da bincike na asibiti don sarrafa ta.  Ya kafa SICREP: Shirin Binciken Sickle Cell don yakar cutar yadda ya kamata a Najeriya da ma duniya baki daya.  

## Rayuwar farko

### Iyaye da haihuwa
An haifi Nwokolo a ranar Talata, 19 ga Afrilu, 1921 - a Amaimo, yanzu yana cikin Jihar Imo : Najeriya, inda iyayensa suka yi aiki da Cocin Missionary Society a matsayin masu bishara. Shi ne yaro na farko a cikin ’ya’ya bakwai mahaifinsa: Nathaniel Ezuma Nwokolo, malamin coci ne; kuma mahaifiyarsa ta samu horo a Niger CMS: Church Missionary Society Onitsha .   

## Ilimi
Nwokolo ya fara makarantar firamare a Ezinihitte-Mbaise a jihar Imo a yau, sannan ya wuce Kwalejin Gwamnati Umuahia . A 1939, ya shiga Higher College Yaba, yana karanta aikin likitanci. Yawancin daliban da suka je Kwalejin Gwamnati ta Umuahia sun tafi Kwalejin Yaba wadda ita ce babbar jami'a ta ilimi a Najeriya a lokacin. Kwas din lafiyar Nwokolo ya dauki tsawon shekaru bakwai ciki har da horo, inda babban asibitin Legas da babban asibitin Aba a matsayin asibitocin koyarwa. Nwokolo ya cancanta a matsayin likita a 1946, kuma saboda haka ya sami LMS: Licenciate na Makarantar Magunguna. kuma ya lashe kyautar Walter Johnson a lafiyar jama'a. 

## Manazarta
Martin Aghaji

**Martin Anthony Chukwumbudike Aghaji**, farfesa ne na ƙwararren ɗan Najeriya kuma likitan fiɗa na Faculty of Medicine, Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka .    Ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga aikin tiyata na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini a Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami'ar Najeriya (UNTH).  An bayar da rahoton cewa Aghaji shine likita na farko da ya yi nasarar maye gurbin Mitral Valve tare da Mechanical Heart Valve a Najeriya a cikin 1986 (majinyacin ya rayu shekaru ashirin da bakwai bayan).;    kuma an bayar da rahoton cewa shi ne likita na farko da ya yi nasarar maye gurbin Aortic Valve tare da Mechanical Heart Valve a Najeriya a cikin 1987.  

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Aghaji a Nnewi a karamar hukumar Nnewi ta Arewa, jihar Anambra. 

## Sana'a
Aghaji babban malami ne / mai  shawara, Likitan Cardiothoracic Surgeon, Jami'ar Najeriya daga   shekaru.  Aghaji ya kware a aikin tiyatar zuciya na manya da yara, tiyatar thoracic, tiyatar hanta, dashen koda da kuma magungunan nukiliya.  A fannin tiyatar bugun zuciya, Aghaji ya yi nazari kan hadaddun hanyoyin, ya kuma yi aiki wajen sauwake su, ta yadda za a iya daidaita su a kasa kamar Najeriya.  An bayar da rahoton cewa, Aghaji shi ne likitan fiɗa na farko a Najeriya da ya yi nasarar maye gurbin mitral valve da na'urar bugun zuciya (December 17, 1986),  na farko da ya maye gurbin bawul ɗin aortic valve da na'urar bugun zuciya (Maris 1987), ya sabunta fasahar dashen hanji don maye gurbin osophageal, da aiwatar da na'urar maye gurbin ta farko a Najeriya, tetralog valve na farko a Najeriya. fallot (Blue Baby Syndrome) a Najeriya (1992), na farko maye gurbin bawul ɗin zuciya biyu a Najeriya, da sauran abubuwan tiyata da yawa.   Shi ne Dean, Faculty of Medical Sciences & Dentistry (UNN) daga 1998 zuwa 2000; da Provost, College of Medicine daga 2000 zuwa 2004, suna hidima biyu.   Aghaji ya yi aiki a matsayin majagaba mataimakin shugaban Jami'ar Kimiyyar Lafiya, Otukpo a 2015.  Ya zama Farfesa na Surgery (Cardiothoracic and Vascular) a 1992. An karrama shi a matsayin Hukumar Jami'ar Najeriya (NUC) Fitaccen Farfesa na Farfasa Ciwon zuciya a 2013 da Emeritusho. Aikin UNN a cikin 2023. 

## Zumunci
Aghaji ɗan'uwa ne na Royal College of Surgeons na Glasgow UK (1981); Fellow of Royal College of Surgeons na Edinburgh UK (1981); Fellow of Royal College of Surgeons of England UK (1981); FWACS (Fellow of West African College of Surgeons ) (1988); Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru (FISCTS) (1989); Abokin aikin tiyatar zuciya a Amurka (1984); FICS Fellow of International College of Surgeons (1987); Fellow of International Society of Cardiothoracic Surgeons (FISCTS) (1989); Fellow of American College of Cardiology (FACC) (2006). 

## Manazarta
Simon Mijok Majak

**Simon Mijok Majak** ɗan siyasan Kasar Sudan ta Kudu ne kuma Ministan Hanyoyi da Gadojini a shekarar, 2022.

## Ayyuka
A lokacin mulkinsa a matsayin minista  an samu nasarori da kuma ƙalubalen da ya fuskanta  - Freedom Bridge mai tsawon kilomita 3.6,  da ƙalubalanci na babbar hanyar Juba - Wau mai nisan kilomita 400 na dala miliyan 700 wanda ruwan sama ya wanke. 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Dimie Ogoina

**Dimie Ogoina** masanin kimiyar cuta ce ta Najeriya. Farfesa ne a fannin likitanci a Jami’ar Neja Delta kuma babban daraktan kula da lafiya a asibitin koyarwa. Shi ne shugaban kungiyar masu kamuwa da cututtuka ta Najeriya. An nada shi Mataimakin Shugaban Jami’ar Kiwon Lafiya ta Bayelsa a watan Oktoba 2024. 

## Rayuwa
Ogoina ya yi makarantar sakandare a Legas, Najeriya. Ya yi karatun digiri na farko a fannin likitanci, digirin farko na tiyata a jami'ar Ahmadu Bello inda ya yi karatu a gaban malamai Laszlo Egler da Geoffrey Onyemelukwe.  

Bayan zama, Ogoina ya yi aiki a matsayin malami kuma likita mai ba da shawara a asibitin HIV/AIDS a asibitin koyarwa na jami'ar Bingham da ke Jos .  Daga nan ya shiga Jami’ar Neja Delta (NDU) da Asibitin Koyarwa na NDU inda ya yi ayyuka da dama da suka hada da shugaban sashen, provost na kwalejin likitanci, shugaban kwamitin ba da shawara kan harkokin kiwon lafiya, da babban daraktan kula da lafiya. Farfesa ne a fannin likitanci.  Ogoina ya yi bincike kan cutar kanjamau da kuma maganin rigakafi .  A cikin 2017, ya gabatar akan Mpox a Najeriya .   Tun daga shekarar 2023, shi ne shugaban Hukumar Cututtuka ta Najeriya a yanzu.  A cikin Afrilu 2023, an saka sunan Ogoina cikin jerin sunayen mutane ''100'' mafi tasiri a duniya saboda gudummawar da ya bayar na kimiyya da kuma kokarin daidaita lafiyar duniya. 

## Manazarta
Barnaba Bak Chol

**Barnaba Bak Chol** (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Nuwamba, 1982) shi ne tsohon Ministan Kudi da Shirye-shiryen Tattalin Arziki na Jamhuriyar Sudan ta Kudu .  Wanda yafaru rike mukamin ne  daga ranar 3 ga watan Agusta, shekarar 2023 zuwa 15 ga watan Maris, shekarar 2024.

## Tushen Iliminsa
Barnaba Bak Chol yana da digiri na biyu a  Fannin gudanar da Kasuwanci tare da babban matsayi a fannin kudi daga Jami'ar Kasa da Kasa ta Amurka dake Kasar  Kenya . 

## Inda Aka Samu Bayanan da aka ambata
Ibrahim Osinubi

**Abraham Adewale Adepoju Osinubi** likitan likitancin Najeriya ne, masanin jiki, kuma malami. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da ilimin endocrinology na haifuwa, neuroendocrinology, da kuma nazarin damuwa na oxidative, musamman wanda ya shafi glutathione da radicals kyauta a cikin lafiyar ɗan adam da cututtuka.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haife shi a ranar 12 ga Mayu, 1963, a Abeokuta, jihar Ogun, Najeriya, Osinubi da ne ga Cif Zacchaeus Adeyemi Osinubi da Cif (Mrs.) Alice Afolake Osinubi. Ya fara karatunsa a makarantar firamare ta All Saints' Anglican Primary School da ke Yaba (1969-1975) kuma ya halarci Kwalejin Gwamnati da ke Ketu, Legas (1975-1980), inda ya kasance Head Boy kuma ya samu Distinction Distinction One a West African Certificate Examination. Ya wuce Jami'ar Ibadan, inda ya kammala a 1987 da digiri na MBBS a fannin likitanci da tiyata. Daga nan ya samu digirin digirgir (Masters) a fannin Anatomy a Jami’ar Legas a shekarar 2000 da kuma digirin digirgir (Ph.D). a 2006. Ya kuma kammala karatun MBA a Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello, Zariya. 

## Sana'a
Osinubi ya fara karatunsa ne a Jami’ar Legas a ranar 1 ga Maris, 2001. Bayan samun digirin digirgir a shekarar 2006, ya shiga Jami’ar Jihar Legas, inda ya zama Shugaban Sashen Nazarin Jiki a Kwalejin Kimiyya da Magunguna ta Jami’ar Jihar Legas daga 2008 zuwa 2009. Ya koma Jami’ar Legas a shekarar 2010 kuma aka nada shi Shugaban Sashen Anatomy 

Tsakanin 2012 zuwa 2014, Osinubi ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban shugaban tsangayar ilimin likitanci a Jami'ar Legas . A wannan lokacin, ya kuma zama babban editan babban editan Jami'ar Legas Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. Bayan jami'a, ya rike mukamin jagoranci a kungiyoyi masu sana'a daban-daban, ciki har da Sakatare-Janar (2009-2014) da kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa (2014-2017) na Endocrine and Metabolism Society of Nigeria. Daga 2009 zuwa 2018, ya kasance Ma'ajin Sashen Najeriya na Ƙungiyar Likitocin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Amirka. 

## Manazarta
Freeman Osonuga

**Freeman Osonuga** likita ne dan Najeriya, dan kasuwa, Babban Jami'in Adloyalty Business Network (AdloyaltyBN), kuma ya kafa PropTech Hub Africa Inc.  Ya kafa Dr. Freeman Osonuga Foundation (DFO), kungiyar agaji don tallafawa marayu da nakasassu a Najeriya . 

## Fage da kuma ganewa
An haifi Freeman a matsayin auta a cikin yara shida a Ijebu-Ode, jihar Ogun . Ya yi karatun likitanci da tiyata a jami'ar Olabisi Onabanjo .  A cikin 2013, an nada shi a matsayin Jakadiyar Matasa ta Duniya Daya. Bayan shekara guda, ya samu lambar yabo ta shugaban kasar Saliyo saboda rawar da ya taka wajen dakile cutar Ebola a Saliyo.  

A cikin Yuni 2015, an ba shi suna Wired UK Innovation Fellow,  kuma a cikin Oktoba waccan shekarar, yana cikin 'yan wasan karshe uku da aka zaba don tafiya sararin samaniya.   

A cikin 2016, ya kafa Adloyalty Business Networks, kamfani na tallan tallace-tallace na ƙasa. An bayar da rahoton cewa kamfanin ya kai masu gidaje 20,000 a watan Fabrairun 2020 kuma an bayyana shi a matsayin "kamfanin kasuwanci na farko kuma mafi girma a Najeriya mai zaman kansa" ta *[[The Guardian (Najeriya)|The Guardian]]* . 

A cikin 2017, an sanya shi a matsayin daya daga cikin Matasan Najeriya 100 Mafi Tasiri kuma an zabe shi a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan 10 Real Estate Disruptors na Najeriya na 2020.  A watan Satumba 2020, Freeman aka nada a matsayin Sanata wakiltar Najeriya ta World Business Angels Investment Forum (WBAF), a affiliated partner of the G20 Financial Partner of the G20.  

## Manazarta
Theophilus Odagme

**Theophilus M-Iyenebari Odagme** (an haife shi 3 Fabrairu 1974) likita ne daga jihar Ribas, Najeriya wanda ya kasance kwamishinan ma'aikatar lafiya ta jihar Ribas daga 2015 zuwa 2017. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Odagme a unguwar Baen da ke karamar hukumar Khana a jihar Ribas. Ya yi karatun firamare da sakandire a makarantar Army Children daga 1979 zuwa 1985, da Birabi Memorial Grammar School daga 1985 zuwa 1991. Bayan ya samu shaidar kammala karatunsa na farko da kuma babbar makarantar sakandare, ya wuce Jami’ar Fatakwal, inda ya yi digirinsa na farko a fannin likitanci, inda ya yi digiri na farko a fannin aikin tiyata a Port Harcourt. Asibitin Koyarwa na Harcourt daga 2000 zuwa 2001 kafin ya tafi hidimar matasa ta kasa ta wajibi na shekara guda a 2002. Daga baya ya sami difloma a fannin aikin jinya daga Kwalejin Surgeon Afirka ta Yamma a 2005. 

## Sana'a
Odagme ya sami horon zama na zama a fannin aikin jinya da kulawa daga 2003 zuwa 2010. Ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a Sashen Nazarin Jiyya, Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami’ar Neja Delta daga 2011 zuwa 2012. 

Daga nan sai ya shiga Hukumar Kula da Asibitin Jihar Ribas a matsayin mai ba da shawara na likitanci. An mayar da shi Sashen Kula da Ciwon Jiki, Asibitin Kwararru na Memorial Braithwaite inda ya yi aiki a matsayin kodineta na asibiti daga 2012 zuwa 2014. Ya zama Shugaban Sashen Kula da Jiki, mukamin da ya rike har zuwa lokacin da aka nada shi Kwamishinan Lafiya na Jihar Ribas a watan Disamba 2015. 

## Manazarta
Azubuike Onyebuchi

**Azubuike** **Kanario Onyebuchi** farfesa ne a fannin ilimin mata da mata a Najeriya. A halin yanzu shi ne Babban Daraktan Lafiya na Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tarayya, Umuahia .    

Azubuike Onyebuchi ma’aikaci ne na Kwalejin Likitoci ta Afirka ta Yamma, Mataimakin Sakatare Janar na kungiyar kula da lafiyar mata da mata ta Najeriya kuma memba ne a kungiyar masu jarrabawar Kwalejin Likitoci ta Afirka ta Yamma, Faculty of obstetrics and gynecology. A watan Afrilun 2021, an kara masa girma zuwa matsayin Farfesa a fannin kula da lafiyar mata masu juna biyu da mata a Jami’ar Tarayya ta Alex Ekwueme Ndufu-Alike, Jihar Ebonyi . Har zuwa lokacin da aka nada shi a matsayin CMD, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaba, Kwamitin Ba da Shawarar Likitoci a Asibitin Koyarwa na Tarayya na Alex Ekwueme, Abakaliki .  

## Manazarta
Reuben Eifediyi

**Reuben** **Agbons Eifediyi** farfesa ne dan Najeriya kuma mashawarcin likitan mata da mata. A halin yanzu shi ne Babban Daraktan Lafiya na Asibitin Koyarwa na Irrua, Jihar Edo . Shi ɗan'uwa ne na Kwalejin Likitoci ta Afirka ta Yamma, Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta ƙasa ta ƙasa, da Kwalejin Likitoci ta Duniya. Kafin nada shi a matsayin CMD, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaba, Kwamitin Shawarar Likitoci na asibitin.    

## Manazarta
Michael Gbala

**Michael** **Olumide Gbala** kwararre ne dan Najeriya mai ba da shawara a fannin mata masu juna biyu da likitan mata wanda ya kware a fannin daukar ciki da mata. A halin yanzu shi ne Babban Daraktan Lafiya na Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami’ar Kimiyyar Lafiya (UNIMEDTH), Jihar Ondo.    

## Rayuwar farko da aure
An haife shi kuma ya girma a garin Ondo ta Marigayi Evangelist Phillip Osewumiju Gbala da Misis Felicia Gbala. Mahaifinsa ya fito daga Irele yayin da mahaifiyarsa ta fito daga garin Ondo. Michael Gbala ya auri Fasto Mrs. Gbala Patience da 'ya'ya. 

Dr Gbala Michael ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta St John Bosco da Makarantar Independence Grammar School Ondo. Ya kasance mafi kyawun ɗalibai a makarantun biyu. Tawagarsa ta lashe gasar JET ta farko ga daukacin daliban Kimiyya da Fasaha a duk Sakandare a Jihar Ondo a shekarar 1990. Ya samu digirin farko na likitanci da tiyata (MBBS) a Jami’ar Obafemi Awolowo, Ile-Ife. Ya ci gaba da horar da zama a fannin kula da mata masu juna biyu da mata a asibitin koyarwa na jami'ar Benin da kuma asibitin koyarwa na jami'ar Jos . Shi memba ne kuma abokin aikin Kwalejin Likitan Likitoci ta Yammacin Afirka da kuma Kwalejin Likitoci ta Duniya . Shi memba ne na Cibiyar Gudanar da Albarkatun Jama'a ta Chartered, Mataimakin memba na Cibiyar Gudanar da Ma'aikata ta Chartered. Yana da Diploma a Theology daga The Redeemed Bible College. 

## Manazarta
Binciken yanayi

**Binciken yanayi** na musamman ne, rahoto na musamman, wanda ya dogara da wuri don takamaiman dukiya game da Canjin yanayi (daga dumama na duniya) da sauran haɗarin muhalli. Bayani a cikin rahoton kimantawa na yanayi yana bawa masu mallakar dukiya da / ko masu siye damar tantance kansu yadda haɗarin canjin yanayi zai iya tasiri ga takamaiman adireshin dukiya a nan gaba, mai yiwuwa ta hanyar amfani da bayanan tarihi da aka tsara daga ƙirar kimiyya don nuna waɗannan haɗarin da za su iya faruwa.

Rahoton kimanta yanayi na iya haɗawa da bayanan tarihi da aka tsara a cikin waɗannan rukunoni: raguwar bakin teku daga hauhawar matakin teku, haɗari daga guguwa, guguwa girgizar ƙasa, dutsen wuta, fari, gobarar daji, ambaliyar ruwa, cututtuka, da gurɓataccen masana'antu. Rahoton na iya haɗa bayanai masu yawa na haɗarin muhalli bayan geocoding wani wuri.

## Masu bayar da rahoto
An ƙaddamar da Ayyukan Binciken Yanayi, LLC a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2006 a cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da masana kimiyya na Jami'ar Arizona, tare da manufa don samar da rahoto na yanayin da ke da adireshin ga masu mallakar dukiya don ba da damar sabon tashar sadarwa na canjin yanayi. An sake nazarin Ayyukan Binciken Yanayi a cikin 2007 ta Amurka A Yau a cikin wata kasida mai taken "Gidan yanar gizon yana bincika haɗarin canjin yanayi na gidanka", da kuma sauran kafofin watsa labarai a cikin 2007 ciki har da mujallar Nature. Ayyukan Binciken Yanayi, LLC sun dakatar da aiki a watan Oktoba na 2010 saboda rashin isasshen sha'awar jama'a a cikin rahotannin don ci gaba da aiki.

## Manazarta
California v. Babban Man Fetur

***California v. Big Oil***, wata kara ce da jihar California ta shigar a shekarar 2023 a kan babban mai . Kotun ta yi zargin cewa babban mai ya yaudari jama'a tsawon shekaru da dama game da illolin man fetur.  Katin suna Exxon, Shell plc, Chevron Corporation, ConocoPhillips, BP da Cibiyar Man Fetur ta Amurka a matsayin wadanda ake tuhuma. Kara, yayin da daya daga cikin da yawa,    an bayyana shi a matsayin "mafi mahimmancin shari'ar da aka yi wa kamfanonin mai, gas da kuma kwal a kan rawar da suka taka wajen haifar da sauyin yanayi". 

## Tarihi
Babban mai ya san game da tasirin burbushin burbushin halittu tun aƙalla shekarun 1950. Duk da yake bincike na ciki ya nuna alaƙa tsakanin man fetur da canjin yanayi, babban mai ya ɓoye wannan kuma ya jagoranci kamfen na musanta canjin yanayi. Shari'ar ta biyo bayan shawarar Kotuna Koli da ba za ta yi la'akari da roko da masana'antar mai da jihohi 20 (Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Texas, Utah, da Wyoming) suka kawo a cikin Sunoco v. Honolulu.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Text of California v. Big Oil is available from: ca.gov
Jerin kisan kiyashi a Najeriya

Wadannan sune jerin Kisan kiyashi da suka faru a **[[Najeriya]]**:

## Jerin kisan kiyashi
*<small>Lura: Ƙungiyoyin da ke ƙasa na iya zama ba daidai ba kuma sun ɗan haɗu. Rahotanni wani lokacin suna nuna rashin dalili da kuma hare-haren da za su iya samun haɗin gwuiwa / dalilai da yawa. Misali, rikice-rikicen al'umma tsakanin makiyaya da manoma na iya bayyana saboda addini kuma don haka ana rarraba shi a matsayin "kisan kiyashi na addini" saboda addinin bangarorin da ke da hannu.</small>*

### Kisan kiyashi na siyasa da na addini

### Hare-haren 'yan fashi

### Rikicin makiyayi da manomi da rikicin al'umma
Dubi kuma: Rikicin makiyayi da manomi a Najeriya da Rikicin Jama'a a NajeriyaRikicin al'umma a Najeriya

## Dubi kuma

* Rikicin Boko Haram
* Jerin lokaci na tawaye na Boko Haram
* Tsattsauran ra'ayi na Musulunci a Arewacin Najeriya

* , "Religious Violence in Nigeria: Causal diagnostics and strategic recommendations to the state and religious communities", African Journal on Conflict Resolution (2012) shafi na 107-112. &nbsp;

## Manazarta
Mutanen Sungor

**Sungor** ko **Asungor** kabila ce a Chadi. Ƴan kabilar na magana da harshen Assangori, wani tsagin yaren Nilo-Sahara. Kimanin mutane dubu 60,000 a cewar wata majiya a 1996.

## Al'adu
Galibin ƴan Sungor makiyaya ne waɗanda ke kiwon awaki, raƙuma, da shanu. Suna kuma shiga aikin gona.

Yawancin ƴan Sungor Musulmai ne.

## Manazarta
Karowei Dorgu

**Woyin Karowei Dorgu** (27 ga Yuni 1958 - 8 ga Satumba 2023) ɗan Najeriya ne haifaffen Cocin Ingila bishop kuma likita. Shi ne Bishop na Woolwich, Bishop na yanki a cikin Diocese na Southwark daga tsarkakewarsa a ranar 17 ga Maris 2017 har zuwa mutuwarsa. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Dorgu a ranar 27 ga Yuni 1958 a Burutu, Najeriya.   Shi ne na 11th na yara 12 da aka haifa ga George Kpunakpu Dorgu, ma'aikacin gwamnati kuma mai karatun Anglican, da Matilda Elizabeth ( née Torru), mai kula da coci.  Daga 1979 zuwa 1985, ya yi karatu a College of Medicine, University of Lagos, inda ya kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin likitanci, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS).   Sannan ya yi aiki a matsayin babban likita (GP). 

A 1987, Dorgu ya koma Birtaniya.  Daga 1990 zuwa 1993, ya karanta tiyoloji a Kwalejin Bible ta Landan, kwalejin tauhidin bishara a Northwood, Greater London .   Diploma a aikin bishara a 1991, Diploma a fannin ilimin kiwo a 1993, sannan ya kammala digiri na farko  fasaha ( BA ) a 1993.  Ya bar bayan shekaru biyu don nada shi a Cocin Ingila .

An nada Dorgu a cikin Cocin Ingila a matsayin diacon, David Hope, Bishop na London, a ranar 1 ga Yuli 1995 a St Paul's Cathedral ;  kuma a matsayinsa na firist a cikin 1996.  Daga 1995 zuwa 1998, ya yi hidima a majami'ar St Mark, Tollington Park, Islington a cikin Diocese na London .   Sa'an nan ya shiga St. John the Evangelist Church, Upper Holloway ; ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin curate / associate vicar daga 1998 zuwa 2000, vicar tawagar daga 2000 zuwa 2012, kuma shi ne Vicar ( mai aiki ) daga 2012.   A ranar 6 Maris 2016, ya kuma yi prebendary na St Paul's Cathed 

## Manazarta
Gidan ajiyar daji na Ayum

Ana samun **gandun dajin Ayum** a gundumar Asunafo ta Kudu a yankin Brong Ahafo na Ghana . An kafa shi a cikin 1940. Wannan rukunin yanar gizon yana 112&nbsp; . 

An haɗa shi da Subim Reserve da Bonsam Bepo Reserve, kuma tare suna rufe kusan murabba'in kilomita 488. Yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye bambancin halittu a cikin yankin gandun daji na Guinea. Yankin ya ƙunshi ƙananan chimpanzees, giwaye da sauran nau'o'in da ke cikin haɗari. 

## Manazarta
Akyem Kotoku

**Akyem Kotoku** masarautar gargajiya ce a Gabashin Ghana . Ya samo asali tun aƙalla karni na 16, kuma babban birninsa shine Akyem Oda . 

Akyen Kotoku na ɗaya daga cikin jihohi uku masu zaman kansu tare da Akyem Bosome da Akyem Abuakwa waɗanda suka kafa Akyem Mansa . Wannan ƙasa da ba ta da iyaka a yankin Gabas da Ashanti na Ghana.

## Tarihi
Bisa ga al'ada, wanda ya kafa Akyem Kotoku ya fito ne daga dangin Agona, kuma ya yi ƙaura daga Adansi zuwa Ahwiren, sannan zuwa Adupon kusa da hanyar Konongo-Agogo. A ƙarni na goma sha bakwai an kafa jihar tsakanin Kogin Pra da Tafkin Bosumtwi. 

## Manazarta