Rundunar Sojan Chadi

**Rundunar Sojan Chadi** (    *Al-Jaish al-Watani at-Tshadi*,  ) ya ƙunshi Jami'an tsaro biyar da na Tsaro waɗanda aka jera a cikin Mataki na 185 na kundin tsarin mulkin Chadi wanda ya fara aiki a ranar 4 ga watan Mayu shekarar 2018. Waɗannan su ne Sojojin ƙasa ((gami da roundasa, da Sojan Sama ), Jandarma ta ƙasa )) an sanda na ƙasa,, asa da Nan Makiyaya (GNNT) da 'Yan Sanda na Shari'a. Mataki na 188 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya fayyace cewa Tsaron ƙasa shine alhakin Sojoji, Jendarmerie da GNNT, yayin da kiyaye tsarin jama'a da tsaro suke da alhakin 'yan sanda, Jandarman da GNNT.

## Tarihi

Daga samun 'yanci har zuwa lokacin shugabancin Félix Malloum a shekarun(1975-77), an san sojojin ƙasa na hukuma da sojojin Chadi (Forces Armées Tchadiennes - FAT).  Wanda ya ƙunshi galibin sojoji daga Kudancin Chadi, FAT ya samo asali ne daga rundunar da Faransa ta dauka kuma tana da al'adun soja wadanda suka samo asali tun lokacin yakin duniya na 1  FAT ta rasa matsayinta na rundunar kasa ta doka lokacin da mulkin farar hula da na soja ya wargaje a shekarar 1979  Kodayake ya kasance rukunin sojoji na musamman na shekaru da yawa, a ƙarshe an rage FAT zuwa matsayin rundunar sojojin yanki mai wakiltar kudu.

Bayan Habré ya karfafa ikonsa kuma ya ɗare kan kujerar shugaban ƙasa a shekarar 1982, rundunarsa mai nasara, Sojojin Arewa (Forces Armées du Nord — FAN), sun zama cibiyar sabuwar rundunar sojojin ƙasa.  An kafa rundunar a hukumance a watan Janairun shekara ta 1983, lokacin da aka haɗa wasu rundunonin da ke goyon bayan Habré tare da sauya musu suna zuwa Sojojin Chadi (Forces Armées Nationales Tchadiennes — FANT).|
 
Sojojin Chadi sun mamaye mambobi na kabilun Toubou, Zaghawa, Kanembou, Hadjerai, da na Massa a lokacin shugabancin Hissène Habré . Daga baya shugaban Chadi Idriss Déby ya yi tawaye ya gudu zuwa Sudan, tare da sojoji da yawa na Zaghawa da Hadjerai a shekarar 1989.

Sojojin Chadi sun kai kimanin 36,000 a ƙarshen mulkin Habré, amma sun kumbura zuwa kimanin 50,000 a farkon zamanin mulkin Déby. Tare da goyon bayan Faransa, an fara sake tsara rundunar sojoji a farkon shekarar 1991 tare da nufin rage yawansu da sanya jinsinsu ya zama mai nuna ƙasar gaba ɗaya. Babu ɗayan waɗannan burin da aka cimma, kuma har yanzu sojoji suna ƙarƙashin ikon Zaghawa.

A shekara ta 2004, gwamnati ta gano cewa da yawa daga cikin sojojin da take biyansu babu su kuma kusan sojoji 19,000 ne kawai ke cikin rundunar, sabanin 24,000 da aka yi imani da su a baya. Yunkurin da gwamnati ke yi wa wannan dabi'a ana tsammanin ya kasance wani dalili ne na gazawar tawayen sojoji a watan Mayu shekarar 2004.

Rikicin yanzu, wanda sojojin Chadi ke ciki, shi ne yakin basasa kan 'yan tawayen da ke samun goyon bayan Sudan. Chadi ta sami nasarar shawo kan ƙungiyoyin 'yan tawaye, amma kwanan nan, tare da wasu asara (duba yakin N'Djamena (2008) ). The sojojin amfani da manyan bindigogi da kuma tsarin tankuna, amma da-sanye take maharan sun yiwuwa gudanar ya hallaka sama da 20 na Chadi ta 60 T-55 tankuna, kuma tabbas harbe saukar da wani Mi-24 Hind gunship, wanda bamai maƙiyi matsayi kusa da kan iyaka da Sudan .  A watan Nuwamba shekarar 2006 Libya ta ba Chadi da jiragen Aermacchi SF.260W guda huɗu. Ana amfani da su don bugun wuraren abokan gaba ta Sojan Sama na Chadi, amma ɗayan ya tayar da shi ta hanyar 'yan tawaye.  Yayin yakin karshe na N'Djamena an yi amfani da bindigogi da tankokin yaƙi yadda ya kamata, wanda ke tura sojojin sa kai dauke da makamai daga fadar Shugaban kasa.  Yakin ya shafi manyan matakan jagoranci, kamar yadda aka kashe Daoud Soumain, Shugaban Ma’aikata . 

A ranar 23 ga watan Maris, shekarar 2020 mayakan kungiyar masu ikirarin jihadi ta Boko Haram suka yi wa sansanin sojojin Chadi kwanton-bauna. Sojojin sun rasa masu yi wa kasa hidima 92 a rana guda. Game da hakan, Shugaba Déby ya ƙaddamar da wani aiki da aka yiwa lakabi da "Fushi na Boma".  A cewar kungiyar ta'addanci ta Kanada St-Pierre, yawancin aiyukan waje da karuwar rashin tsaro a kasashen makwabta sun daɗe da fadada karfin sojojin na Chadi. 

Bayan rasuwar Shugaba Idriss Déby a ranar 19 ga watab Afrilu shekarar 2021 a fada da ‘yan tawayen FACT , an naɗa dansa Janar Mahamat Idriss Déby shugaban riƙon ƙwarya kuma shugaban sojojin.  

## Kasafin Kuɗi
CIA World Factbook ta ƙiyasta kasafin kuɗin soja na Chadi ya kai kashi 4.2% na GDP kamar na 2006. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/chad/ . Idan aka ba da GDP na wancan lokacin (dala biliyan 7.095) na ƙasar, an kiyasta kashe kuɗin soja kusan dala miliyan 300. Wannan kiyasin duk da haka ya fai bayan karshen yakin basasa a Chadi (2005-2010) zuwa 2.0%  kamar yadda Bankin Duniya ya kiyasta a shekarar 2011. Babu sauran ƙididdigar kwanan nan.

## Ƙaddamarwar waje

* Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya
* wadanda ba na MDD ba

Chadi ta halarci aikin wanzar da zaman lafiya karkashin ikon kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka a makwabciyarta Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya don kokarin sasanta rikicin na baya-bayan nan, amma ta zabi ficewa bayan an zargi dakarunta da yin harbi a kasuwa, ba tare da wani dalili ba, in ji BBC. 

## Manazarta