Petra Nova

**Petra Nova** wani aikin kama carbon ne, wanda aka ƙera don rage fitar da iskar carbon daga ɗaya daga cikin tukunyar jirgi na tashar wutar lantarki da ke ƙona kwal a Thompsons, Texas. Wani shiri ne na miliyoyin daloli da NRG Energy da JX Nippon Oil suka ɗauka don sake gyara ɗaya daga cikin tukunyar jirgi a tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta WA Parish tareda tsarin maganin kama carbon bayan konewa don kula da wani yanki na hayakin yanayi daga sake fasalin. tukunyar jirgi.

## Tarihi

### Gina da Aikin Farko
Asalin masana'antar kwal ɗin ta shiga sabis na kasuwanci acikin 1977, kuma sabon tsarin rage hayaƙin carbon an fara aiki dashi a ranar 10 ga Janairu, 2017. An tsara aikin don ɗaukar kusan kashi 33% na iskar carbon dioxide (CO) (ko tan miliyan 1.6) da ke fitarwa daga tukunyar tukunyar #8 kowace shekara.

An kama iskar carbon dioxide acikin tsaftar kashi 99%, sannan an matsa shi a bututun da ke nisan mil 82 zuwa Filin Mai na Ranch na Yamma, inda ake amfani da shi don haɓɓaka mai. A baya dai rijiyar mai tana haƙo ganga 300 na mai a kowace rana. Tare da sabon allurar da aka yi na iskar carbon dioxide mai karfin gaske a cikin filin, an kara yawan man da ake hakowa da ganga 50 zuwa 15,000 a kowace rana. Ana sa ran wannan aikin zai ci gaba da gudana har na tsawon shekaru 20. Don biyan buƙatun Ƙirƙirar Ƙarfin Ƙarfafa Tsabtace, Ofishin Tattalin Arziki na Texas ya sanya tsarin sa ido don kiyaye allura da motsi na CO  a ƙarƙashin ƙasa da kuma acikin tsarin dutse a West Ranch.

A ranar 1 ga Mayu, 2020, NRG ta rufe Petra Nova, tana yin la'akari da ƙarancin farashin mai yayin bala'in COVID-19. Sakamakon katsewar rukunin iskar gas mai masaukin baki, aikin ya rasa burinsa na sarrafa iskar gas da kashi 17% acikin shekaru ukun farko na aiki. Duk da haka, na jimlar adadin CO da aka ciyar da naúrar, ya sami nasarar kama kashi 92.4%, wanda ya zarce burin aikin na 90%.

### Ana sake farawa
A ranar 14 ga Satumba, 2022, Eneos Holdings Inc na Japan ya sanar da shirye-shiryen samun cikakken ikon mallakar Petra Nova Parish Holdings. JX Nippon Oil & Gas Exploration, reshen Eneos, ya sayi ragowar kashi 50% daga NRG Energy Inc akan dala miliyan 3.6. Dabarar Eneos ita ce samun gwaninta a fasahar kama carbon, amfani da kuma adanawa (CCUS) ta wannan motsi, kuma sun sanar da shirin sake farawa naúrar a cikin kwata na biyu na 2023. A ranar 13 ga Satumba 2023, JX Nippon Oil & Gas Exploration Corporation ya bada sanarwar dawo da aiki daga Satumba 5, 2023.

## Fasaha
Tsarin rage hayaƙin Carbon Petra Nova yana amfani da tsarin sha na tushen amine, ko Tsarin KM CDR (Kansai Mitsubishi Carbon Dioxide farfadowa da na'ura). Mitsubishi da Kansai Electric Power ne suka samar da wannan tsari kuma yana amfani da kaushi mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi wanda ake kira KS1. Ana cire CO  daga iskar iskar gas ta hanyar tsarin abin sha na asali. Gaseous CO  ana matse shi zuwa ruwa mai girman gaske. CO  da ke barin masana'antar kama carbon ya wuce 99% mai tsabta kuma ana aika shi mil 82 ta hanyar bututu mai inci 12 zuwa ƙarshen wurin su na filin mai na West Ranch, inda ake amfani da shi don haɓaka mai. Carbon dioxide daga Petra Nova Initiative zai ƙare a ƙarshe acikin dutsen yashi a cikin Tsarin Frio na filin mai na West Ranch. Zai kasance kusan ƙafa 5,000 a ƙarƙashin ƙasa kuma ya rufe fiye da kadada 4,000 na filin ƙasa.

## Ilimin tattalin arziki
Tsarin rage hayaƙin Carbon na Petra Nova ya kashe kusan dala biliyan 1 don girka, kuma ya sami tallafin kusan dala miliyan 190 daga Gwamnatin Amurka a ƙarƙashin Tsarin Tsabtace Coal Initiative, da kuma lamunin dala miliyan 250 daga gwamnatin Japan. Ana sa ran karuwar farfadowar mai acikin rijiyar mai da ke makwabtaka da shi zai haifar da tara tara. Duk da haka, lokacin da aka fara gabatar da aikin farashin mai yayi tsada sosai (akan dala 100 kowace ganga) kuma anyi zaton ba zasu raguba. Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, farashin mai a halin yanzu ya kai kusan dala 50 kan kowacce ganga, don haka an samu hasarar net dangane da haƙo mai a filin. A ranar 1 ga Mayu, 2020, NRG ta rufe Petra Nova, tare da yin la'akari da ƙarancin farashin mai sakamakon cutar ta COVID-19.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Petra Nova | Abubuwan da aka bayar na NRG Energy