Tracy L. Johnson

**Tracy L. Johnson** ita ce Shugabar Shugabar Keith da Cecilia Terasaki a Kimiyyar Rayuwa kuma Farfesa a fannin Kwayoyin Halitta, Kwayoyin Halitta, da Ci gaban Halittu a Jami'ar California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Ita kuma farfesa ce a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Howard Hughes . A watan Mayu na 2020, an nada ta a matsayin Shugabar Sashen Kimiyyar Rayuwa na UCLA . 

## Bincike
Binciken farko da Johnson ya buga ya binciki tasirin diskin intravertebral ta amfani da dasa ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin berayen yashi. Binciken ya mayar da hankali kan haɗakar histology, al'adar nama, da immunocytochemistry . Ƙungiyarta ta yi amfani da wannan binciken don tantance ko waɗannan berayen suna da kyakkyawan samfurin halitta don bincike na gaba don fara haɓaka hanyoyin magance ƙwayoyin halitta na gaske.

A halin yanzu , binciken Johnson ya mayar da hankali kan fahimtar tsarin kwayoyin halitta, gyaran chromatin, haɗa RNA da kuma yadda daidaita haɗakar ke ba ƙwayoyin halitta damar amsawa ga muhallinsu.  Musamman, ƙungiyarta ta yi nazarin spliceosome, wani "inji" na macromolecular wanda aka yi da ƙananan raka'a guda biyar wanda ke hulɗa da RNA na pre-messenger don samar da sigar da aka gyara,  wanda ke haifar da fassara mai dacewa zuwa sunadarai. Ta hanyar bincikenta, Johnson tana fatan bayyana ayyukan spliceosomes a cikin haɗa RNA don gano yadda maye gurbi zai iya haifar da ci gaban wasu cututtuka.  Ta amfani da fasahar kwayoyin halitta, ƙungiyarta ta ba da shaida cewa haɗuwar spliceosome a kusa da sabon rubutun mRNA ana tsara shi ta hanyar gyare-gyaren histone a cikin chromatin na yankin da aka rubuta.   Johnson ta kuma yi aiki kan gano da haɓaka tsarin tri-snRNPs, ƙaramin ribonucleoprotein na nukiliya da ake samu a cikin spliceosomes. Waɗannan snRNPs suna sanya sassan mRNA a daidai wurin da ake so a haɗa su.  Aikinta ya ba da damar ganin takamaiman yankunan da ake sha'awa akan spliceosome waɗanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin haɗa RNA. Ta gabatar da wannan binciken ga Ƙungiyar RNA a cikin 2016.

Yayin da bincikenta na haɗin RNA ke ci gaba, binciken Johnson na 2020 ya binciki rawar da dopamine ke takawa wajen daidaita motsin kashin baya (ANS), tare da mai da hankali kan yadda tsarin jijiyoyi masu zaman kansu ke shafar wannan tsari. Binciken ya binciki yadda kasancewar ko rashin ANS ke canza martanin motsin kashin baya ga dopamine

## Sana'a da ilimi
Johnson ta sami digirinta na farko a fannin Biochemistry da Cell Biology daga Jami'ar California, San Diego da kuma digirinta na uku a fannin Biochemistry da Molecular Biology daga sashen Molecular da Cell Biology a Jami'ar California, Berkeley .  Ta kasance daliba ta uku a fannin digiri na uku a fannin Jane Coffin Childs a Cibiyar Fasaha ta California, tana nazarin hanyoyin haɗa RNA da Dr. John Abelson . 

Daga 2003 zuwa 2013, Johnson ta kasance memba a cikin sashen kimiyyar halittu na Jami'ar California San Diego inda ta sami kyaututtuka da yawa, gami da lambar yabo ta Shugaban Kasa ta Kimiyyar Kasa (NSF) Kyautar Aiki ta Farko ga Masana Kimiyya da Injiniyoyi (PECASE) da lambar yabo ta Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar UCSD don Kyau a Koyar da Digiri na Farko.  Johnson ta shiga sashen Jami'ar California, Los Angeles a 2013 a matsayin farfesa a fannin ilmin kwayoyin halitta, kwayoyin halitta, da ci gaban halittu kuma tana da Shugaban Keith da Cecilia Terasaki na Shugaban Kasa.  A 2014, an nada ta Farfesa a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Howard Hughes,  kuma ta zama mataimakiyar shugabar ilimi don ƙwarewa a fannin kimiyyar rayuwa a 2015.  An nada ta shugabar sashen Kimiyyar Rayuwa ta UCLA a 2020. 

Johnson ya kuma mai da hankali kan haɓaka shirye-shirye don ƙirƙirar ƙwarewar koyo mai canzawa ga ɗaliban da ke karatun digiri na farko  gami da Shirin Hanyar Samun Nasara ta UCLA-HHMI.  Shirin cikakken dabara ne don samar wa ɗalibai ƙwarewar bincike ta gaske a farkon ayyukansu na ilimi.  Shirin yana da manyan abubuwa guda uku: (1) Kwas ɗin dakin gwaje-gwaje wanda ke gudana ta hanyar CURL (Lab ɗin Bincike na Digiri na Haɗin gwiwa), (2) hanyar sadarwa ta jagoranci wacce ke haɗa jagoranci na takwarorinsu da na matsayi, da kuma (3) al'ummomin ilmantarwa masu zurfi.  

## Daraja da kyaututtuka

* Memba na Ƙungiyar RNA 
* Kyautar Ruth Kirschstein ta Ruth Kirschstein ta Ƙungiyar Nazarin Halittu da Kwayoyin Halitta ta Amurka (2022) 
* Shugabar Ilimin Halittu da Kimiyyar Halittu ta Halittar Kwayoyin Halitta (2015) 
* Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'a don Ingantaccen Haɗaka, UCLA Life Sciences (2015) 
* Farfesa Howard Hughes na Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya (HHMI) (2014)  
* Kyautar Abokan Hulɗa na Chancellor don Ƙwarewa a Koyar da Digiri na Farko  (2013)
* Manyan Farfesoshi Mata 20 a California (2013) 
* Jane Coffin Childs ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu 
* Kyautar Shugaban Ƙasa ta Ayyukan Farko ga Masana Kimiyya da Injiniyoyi (PECASE) (2006) 

## Littattafai
 

* Awad, A. M., Venkataramanan, S., Nag, A., Galivanche, A. R., Bradley, M. C., Neves, L. T., Douglass, S., Clarke, C. F., & Johnson, T. L. (2017). Chromatin-remodeling SWI/SNF complex regulates coenzyme Q6 synthesis and a metabolic shift to respiration in yeast. *The Journal of biological chemistry*, *292*(36), 14851–14866.
* Awad, Agape M, et al. "Nutrient Sensing and Mitochondrial Coenzyme Q Biosynthesis: Are They Connected by a Phosphatase?" *The FASEB Journal*, vol. 31, no. S1, 1 Apr. 2017. *ResearchGate*
* Barber, P. H., Hayes, T. B., Johnson, T. L., & Márquez-Magaña, L. (2020). Systemic racism in higher education. Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science), 369(6510), 1440–1441.
* Baumgartner, B. L., Bennett, M. R., Ferry, M., Johnson, T. L., Tsimring, L. S., & Hasty, J. (2011). Antagonistic gene transcripts regulate adaptation to new growth environments. *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America*, *108*(52), 21087–21092.
* Brangwynne, C. P., & Johnson, T. L. (2013). The micro and macro of RNA function. *Molecular biology of the cell*, *24*(6), 679.
* Buschemeyer, W. C., 3rd, Klink, J. C., Mavropoulos, J. C., Poulton, S. H., Demark-Wahnefried, W., Hursting, S. D., Cohen, P., Hwang, D., Johnson, T. L., & Freedland, S. J. (2010). Effect of intermittent fasting with or without caloric restriction on prostate cancer growth and survival in SCID mice. *The Prostate*, *70*(10), 1037–1043.
* Carpentier, W. R., Charles, J. B., Shelhamer, M., Hackler, A. S., Johnson, T. L., Domingo, C. M. M., Sutton, J. P., Scott, G. B. I., & Wotring, V. E. (2018). Biomedical findings from NASA's Project Mercury: a case series. *NPJ microgravity*, *4*, 6. Fischer, H. H., Moore, S. L., Johnson, T. L., Everhart, R. M., Batal, H., & Davidsoni, A. J. (2017). Appointment reminders by text message in a safety net health care system: a pragmatic investigation. *eGEMs*, *5*(1), 20.
* Cheng, C. S., Johnson, T. L., & Hoffmann, A. (2008). Epigenetic control: slow and global, nimble and local. *Genes & development*, *22*(9), 1110–1114.
* Davern, M., Lepkowski, J., Call, K. T., Arnold, N., Johnson, T. L., Goldsteen, K., Todd-Malmlov, A., & Blewett, L. A. (2004). Telephone service interruption weighting adjustments for state health insurance surveys. *Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financing*, *41*(3), 280–290.
* Davis-Turak, J. C., Allison, K., Shokhirev, M. N., Ponomarenko, P., Tsimring, L. S., Glass, C. K., Johnson, T. L., & Hoffmann, A. (2015). Considering the kinetics of mRNA synthesis in the analysis of the genome and epigenome reveals determinants of co-transcriptional splicing. *Nucleic Acids Research*, *43*(2), 699–707.
* Davis-Turak, J., Johnson, T. L., & Hoffmann, A. (2018). Mathematical modeling identifies potential gene structure determinants of co-transcriptional control of alternative pre-mRNA splicing. *Nucleic Acids Research*, *46*(20), 10598–10607.
* Davis-Turak, J., Johnson, T. L., & Hoffmann, A. (2019). Mathematical modeling identifies potential gene structure determinants of co-transcriptional control of alternative pre-mRNA splicing. *Nucleic Acids Research*, *47*(3), 1602–1603.
* Edwards, S. R., & Johnson, T. L. (2019). Intron RNA sequences help yeast cells to survive starvation. *Nature*, *565*(7741), 578–579.
* Gruber, H. E., Johnson, T. L., Leslie, K., Ingram, J. A., Martin, D., Hoelscher, G., Banks, D., Phieffer, L., Coldham, G., & Hanley, E. N., Jr (2002). Autologous intervertebral disc cell implantation: a model using Psammomys obesus, the sand rat. *Spine*, *27*(15), 1626–1633. 
* Gunderson, F. Q., & Johnson, T. L. (2009). Acetylation by the transcriptional coactivator Gcn5 plays a novel role in co-transcriptional spliceosome assembly. *PLoS genetics*, *5*(10), e1000682.
* Gunderson, F. Q., Merkhofer, E. C., & Johnson, T. L. (2011). Dynamic histone acetylation is critical for cotranscriptional spliceosome assembly and spliceosomal rearrangements. *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America*, *108*(5), 2004–2009.
* Hossain, M. A., Claggett, J. M., Nguyen, T., & Johnson, T. L. (2009). The cap binding complex influences H2B ubiquitination by facilitating splicing of the SUS1 pre-mRNA. *RNA*, *15*(8), 1515–1527.
* Hossain, M. A., Rodriguez, C. M., & Johnson, T. L. (2011). Key features of the two-intron Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene SUS1 contribute to its alternative splicing. *Nucleic Acids Research*, *39*(19), 8612–8627.
* Hossain, M. A., Chung, C., Pradhan, S. K., & Johnson, T. L. (2013). The yeast cap binding complex modulates transcription factor recruitment and establishes proper histone H3K36 trimethylation during active transcription. *Molecular and cellular biology*, *33*(4), 785–799.
* Hossain, M. A., & Johnson, T. L. (2014). Using yeast genetics to study splicing mechanisms. *Methods in molecular biology*, *1126*, 285–298.
* Hossain, M. A., Claggett, J. M., Edwards, S. R., Shi, A., Pennebaker, S. L., Cheng, M. Y., Hasty, J., & Johnson, T. L. (2016). Posttranscriptional Regulation of Gcr1 Expression and Activity Is Crucial for Metabolic Adjustment in Response to Glucose Availability. *Molecular cell*, *62*(3), 346–358.
* Johnson, T. L., & Vilardell, J. (2012). Regulated pre-mRNA splicing: the ghostwriter of the eukaryotic genome. *Biochimica et biophysica acta*, *1819*(6), 538–545.
* Johnson, T. L., Tulis, D. A., Keeler, B. E., Virag, J. A., Lust, R. M., & Clemens, S. (2013). The dopamine D3 receptor knockout mouse mimics aging-related changes in autonomic function and cardiac fibrosis. *PloS one*, *8*(8), e74116.
* Johnson, T. L., Rinehart, D. J., Durfee, J., Brewer, D., Batal, H., Blum, J., Oronce, C. I., Melinkovich, P., & Gabow, P. (2015). For many patients who use large amounts of health care services, the need is intense yet temporary. *Health affairs (Project Hope)*, *34*(8), 1312–1319.
* Johnson, T. L., Brewer, D., Estacio, R., Vlasimsky, T., Durfee, M. J., Thompson, K. R., Everhart, R. M., Rinehart, D. J., & Batal, H. (2015). Augmenting Predictive Modeling Tools with Clinical Insights for Care Coordination Program Design and Implementation. *eGEMs*, *3*(1), 1181.
* Johnson, T. L., & Ares, M., Jr (2016). SMITten by the Speed of Splicing. *Cell*, *165*(2), 265–267.
* Johnson, T. L., & Clemens, S. (2021). Differential dopamine modulation of spinal reflex amplitudes is associated with the presence or absence of the autonomic nervous system. Neuroscience letters, *742*, 135514.
* Leung, C. S., & Johnson, T. L. (2018). The Exon Junction Complex: A Multitasking Guardian of the Transcriptome. *Molecular cell*, *72*(5), 799–801.
* Leung, C. S., Douglass, S. M., Morselli, M., Obusan, M. B., Pavlyukov, M. S., Pellegrini, M., & Johnson, T. L. (2019). H3K36 Methylation and the Chromodomain Protein Eaf3 Are Required for Proper Cotranscriptional Spliceosome Assembly. *Cell reports*, *27*(13), 3760–3769.e4.
* Lyu, S., Doroodchi, A., Xing, H., Sheng, Y., DeAndrade, M. P., Yang, Y., Johnson, T. L., Clemens, S., Yokoi, F., Miller, M. A., Xiao, R., & Li, Y. (2020). BTBD9 and dopaminergic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of restless legs syndrome. *Brain structure & function*, *225*(6), 1743–1760.
* McKay, S. L., & Johnson, T. L. (2010). A bird's-eye view of post-translational modifications in the spliceosome and their roles in spliceosome dynamics. *Molecular bioSystems*, *6*(11), 2093–2102.
* McKay, S. L., & Johnson, T. L. (2011). An investigation of a role for U2 snRNP spliceosomal components in regulating transcription. *PloS one*, *6*(1), e16077.
* Merkhofer, E. C., & Johnson, T. L. (2012). U1 snRNA rewrites the "script". *Cell*, *150*(1), 9–11.
* Merkhofer, E. C., Hu, P., & Johnson, T. L. (2014). Introduction to cotranscriptional RNA splicing. *Methods in molecular biology*, *1126*, 83–96.
* Neves, L. T., Douglass, S., Spreafico, R., Venkataramanan, S., Kress, T. L., & Johnson, T. L. (2017). The histone variant H2A.Z promotes efficient cotranscriptional splicing in *S. cerevisiae*. *Genes & development*, *31*(7), 702–717.
* Venkataramanan, S., Douglass, S., Galivanche, A. R., & Johnson, T. L. (2017). The chromatin remodeling complex Swi/Snf regulates splicing of meiotic transcripts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. *Nucleic Acids Research*, *45*(13), 7708–7721.
* Virag, J. A., Anderson, E. J., Kent, S. D., Blanton, H. D., Johnson, T. L., Moukdar, F., DeAntonio, J. H., Thayne, K., Ding, J. M., & Lust, R. M. (2013). Cardioprotection via preserved mitochondrial structure and function in the mPer2-mutant mouse myocardium. *American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology*, *305*(4), H477–H483.

## Manazarta