Jirgin Sama na Columbia

## '''jirgin sama na Columbia'''
Daga Wikipedia, encyclopedia na kyauta
Columbia
Columbia ta taɓa titin jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu tare da kayan saukarwa na baya a Cibiyar Sararin Samaniya ta Kennedy. Tayoyin suna barin hayaki a farke. Koren ciyawa a gaban titin titin jirgin sama, bishiyu na baya, da shuɗin sararin sama na sama sun dace da mahaɗin baki da fari.
Columbia ta sauka a Kennedy a ranar 18 ga Maris, 1994, a ƙarshen STS-62
Nau'in Jirgin Sama
Matsayin Jirgin Sama na Class orbiter
Eponym	
Columbia Rediviva[1]
Apollo CSM Columbia[2]
Serial no.	OV-102
Mai NASA
Manufacturer Rockwell International
Ƙayyadaddun bayanai
Busashen Kilogram 81,600 (179,900 lb)
Jirgin Saman Roket
Tarihi
Jirgin farko	
Afrilu 12-14, 1981
Saukewa: STS-1
Jirgin karshe	
Janairu 16 - Fabrairu 1, 2003
Saukewa: STS-107
Jirgin sama 28
Lokacin jirgi 7,218 hours[3]
Ya yi tafiyar kilomita 201,497,772 (125,204,911 mi) a kewayen Duniya
Yana kewaya duniya 4,808
Ƙaddara ta ɓarke ​​yayin sake shiga
Jirgin sama na kewayawa
← Kasuwanci
Space Shuttle Columbia (OV-102) wani jirgin sama ne mai kewaya sararin samaniya wanda Rockwell International ya kera kuma NASA ke sarrafa shi. An sanya wa suna bayan jirgin ruwan Amurka na farko da ya zagaya duniya, kuma mace ce ta Amurka, Columbia ita ce ta farko daga cikin jiragen sama guda biyar da suka yi shawagi a sararin samaniya, inda ta fara harba motar dakon sararin samaniya a jirginsa na farko a ranar 12 ga Afrilu, 1981 kuma zama na farko kumbon da za a sake amfani da shi bayan tashinsa na farko lokacin da ya harba akan STS-2 ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 1981. da za a kera bayan Kasuwancin abin hawa na kusanci da saukowa, Columbia ta riƙe keɓaɓɓun fasalulluka na waje da na ciki idan aka kwatanta da na baya masu kewayawa, kamar kayan aikin gwaji da keɓaɓɓen chine na baƙi. Bugu da ƙari ga fuselage mafi nauyi da kuma riƙe da kullewar iska a duk tsawon rayuwarsa, waɗannan sun sa Columbia ta zama mafi nauyi a cikin masu hawan sararin samaniya guda biyar; kusan kilogiram 1,000 (fam 2,200) mai nauyi fiye da Challenger da kilogiram 3,600 (fam 7,900) fiye da Endeavor lokacin da aka fara ginawa. Har ila yau Columbia ta ɗauki kujerun fitar da su daga SR-71 a lokacin tashin jiragenta shida na farko har zuwa 1983, kuma daga 1986 zuwa gaba ta ɗauki kwas ɗin hoto akan na'urar daidaitawa ta tsaye.

 
## '''Tarihi'''

Wannan sashe yana buƙatar ƙarin ambato don tabbatarwa. Da fatan za a taimaka inganta wannan labarin ta ƙara ambato zuwa amintattun tushe a wannan sashe. Ana iya ƙalubalanci abubuwan da ba a samo su ba kuma a cire su.
Nemo tushe: "Space Shuttle Columbia" - labarai · jaridu · littattafai · malami · JSTOR (Afrilu 2020) (Koyi yadda da lokacin cire wannan sakon)
An fara ginin a Columbia a shekara ta alif 1975 a Rockwell International's (tsohon Arewacin Amurka Aviation/Arewacin Rockwell) babban wurin taro a Palmdale, California, wani yanki na Los Angeles. An yi wa Columbia suna bayan Amurka sloop Columbia Rediviva wadda, daga 1787 zuwa 1793, a karkashin jagorancin Kyaftin Robert Gray, ta binciko tekun Pacific Northwest na Amurka kuma ta zama jirgin ruwan Amurka na farko da ya zagaya duniya. Hakanan ana kiranta da sunan tsarin umarni na Apollo 11, jirgin farko da ya fara sauka akan wani jikin sama.Columbia kuma ita ce alamar mace ta Amurka. Bayan an gina shi, mai kewayawa ya isa Cibiyar Sararin Samaniya ta Kennedy a ranar 25 ga  watan Maris, Alif 1979, don yin shiri don ƙaddamar da shi na farko. An tsara Columbia da farko za ta tashi ne a ƙarshen shekarar alif 1979, duk da haka kwanan wata ƙaddamarwa ya jinkirta saboda matsaloli tare da injin RS-25 da tsarin kariya na thermal (TPS).A ranar 19 ga Maris, 1981, yayin shirye-shiryen gwajin ƙasa, ma'aikata sun sha iska a cikin sashin injin da aka tsabtace nitrogen na Columbia, wanda ya haifar da (bayan rahotanni daban-daban) biyu ko uku.
Columbia a cikin Cibiyar Gudanar da Orbiter bayan isar da shi zuwa Cibiyar Sararin Samaniya ta Kennedy a 1979. Kimanin 8,000 na fale-falen fale-falen 30,000 ba a riga an shigar da su ba.
Jirgin farko na Columbia (STS-1) John Young, tsohon soja ne daga shirye-shiryen Gemini da Apollo wanda a cikin 1972 ya kasance mutum na tara da ya yi tafiya a kan wata; kuma Robert Crippen ne ya yi gwajinsa, wani ɗan sama jannati rookie da farko aka zaɓa don ya tashi a cikin kumbon soja na Manned Orbital Laboratory (MOL), amma ya koma NASA bayan soke shi, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na tallafawa ayyukan Skylab da Apollo-Soyuz

 
## '''Matakan gine-gine'''
Kwanan Muhimmanci
Yuli 26, 1972 Kwangilar da aka Ba da Rockwell na Arewacin Amirka
Maris 25, 1975 Fara ƙera dogon gubar a bayan fuselage
Nuwamba 17, 1975 Fara ƙirƙira dogon jagoranci na ma'aikatan jirgin
Yuni 28, 1976 Fara taron ma'aikatan jirgin
Satumba 13, 1976 Fara tsarin taro na aft fuselage
Disamba 13, 1977 Fara taro babba gaba fuselage
Janairu 3, 1977 Fara taro a tsaye stabilizer
Agusta 26, 1977 Wings ya isa Palmdale daga Grumman
Oktoba 28, 1977 Ƙananan fuselage na gaba akan tashar jirgin ruwa, Palmdale
Nuwamba 7, 1977 Fara Taro Na Karshe
Fabrairu 24, 1978 Jiki a kan tashar jirgin ruwa, Palmdale
Afrilu 28, 1978 Gabatar da ƙofofin biya akan tashar jirgin ruwa, Palmdale
Mayu 26, 1978 Mate na gaba na gaba
Yuli 7, 1978 Cikakken ma'aurata gaba da bayan ƙofofin biya
Satumba 11, 1978 Cikakken RCS gaba
Fabrairu 3, 1979 Cikakken gwajin tsarin haɗin gwiwa, Palmdale
Fabrairu 16, 1979 Jirgin Jirgin Sama kan tashar jirgin ruwa, Palmdale
Maris 5, 1979 Cikakkun bayanai
Maris 8, 1979 Dubawar rufewa, Karbar Karshe Palmdale
Maris 8, 1979 Fitowa daga Palmdale zuwa Dryden
Maris 12, 1979 Jirgin sama daga Palmdale zuwa Edwards
Maris 20, 1979 Jirgin Jirgin Ruwa na SCA daga DFRC zuwa Biggs AFB, Texas
Maris 22, 1979 SCA Ferry daga Biggs AFB zuwa Kelly AFB, Texas
Maris 24, 1979 SCA Ferry daga Kelly AFB zuwa Eglin AFB, Florida
24 ga Maris, 1979 jirgin SCA Ferry daga Eglin, AFB zuwa KSC
Nuwamba 3, 1979 Gwajin zafi mai zafi na Ƙwararrun Ƙarfi, OPF KSC
Disamba 16, 1979 Orbiter hadedde gwajin fara, KSC
Janairu 14, 1980 Orbiter hadedde gwajin kammala, KSC
Fabrairu 20, 1981 Shirin Harba Jirgin Jirgin
Afrilu 12, 1981 Jirgin Farko (STS-1).
## '''Manazarta'''