Sophia King (marubuci)

**Sophia Fortnum** (née King; b. 1781/2, d. a ciki ko bayan 1805) marubuciya ce ta Gothic ta Burtaniya, kuma mawaƙiya.

## Rayuwa
Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'ya uku na "babban mai ba da kuɗi na Bayahude mai tsattsauran ra'ayi"  John King,haifaffen Yakubu Rey (c. 1753-1824), da matarsa Sarah King (née Lara). 'Yar'uwarta Charlotte, daga baya Charlotte Dacre (1771-1825), ita ma ta zama marubuci.Dan uwansu shine Charles. Shekarar haihuwar Sarki ba ta da tabbas kuma ta yiwu ta kasance kusa da 'yar'uwarta fiye da yadda kowa ya yarda.  Yaran su ya kasance cikin tashin hankali saboda mahaifinsu ya shiga cikin jerin kararrakin da aka fi sani da matsalolin kuɗi.

Sarki ya auri Charles Fortnum (1770-1860) a cikin 1801 kuma ta haifi 'ya'ya uku.An daure Charles Fortnum da kansa kuma ya bayyana fatarar kudi, a cikin 1804 a Faransa. Shekarun haihuwar Sarki da mutuwarsa ba su da tabbas.

## Rubutu
Buga na farko na King tarin wakoki ne, *Trifles of Helicon* (1798), tare da 'yar uwarta Charlotte A cikin sadaukarwar, sun gode wa mahaifinsu da ya yi karatu a kan karatun da ya ba su, inda suka rubuta cewa sun aminta da cewa ayoyinsu sun nuna cewa "ilimin da kuka ba mu ba a rasa kwata-kwata ba."  Sun yi aiki tare aƙalla sau ɗaya,lokacin da Charlotte ta ba da gudummawar waƙar soyayya ta Sarki na ƙarni na goma sha biyu *The Fatal Secret; ko,Unknown Warrior* (1801).

Har ila yau, Sarki ya ba da gudummawar waƙa ga littattafai na lokaci-lokaci ta amfani da nom de plume "Sappho,"  kuma ya buga tarin solo, wanda ya ƙunshi yawancin waɗannan wakoki guda ɗaya,mai suna *Wakoki, Legendary, Pathetic,and Descriptive*,a cikin 1804.

Mafi yawan fitowar ta adabin sun kunshi litattafai guda biyar ne.

## Mahimman ƙima
Tarin wakokinta na farko,tare da haɗin gwiwa sun sami sake dubawa na "matsakaici",  ko da yake yanayi - da sadaukar da kai ga mahaifinsu da aka wulakanta - watakila wani abu ne. Dukansu Sarki, da 'yar uwarta har ma da ma fi girma, sun haifar da wani mataki na jayayya duk da kansu,duk da haka.Wani mai bita don *Binciken Mahimmanci* yayi sharhi game da "hasken ɗanɗano" na Sarki,  wanda ba lallai ba ne yabo da ma'anarsa na rashin lalacewa.

Masu sharhi na ƙarni na ashirin sau da yawa sun yi watsi da su, amma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan,masu sukar adabi suna sake kimanta rubutun Gothic a matsayin wani nau'i na daban maimakon a matsayin nassosi na gaske. A cewar Orlando Project, "Sophia King, kamar 'yar'uwarta Charlotte Dacre,da alama tana amfani da abin sha'awa a cikin waƙarta da almara ... don gane ainihin ta,mai ban sha'awa na iyali.'Yanci na maza,na jima'i da na falsafa-ma, ana yin sa mai ban sha'awa da ɓarna."  Sarki da kanta zata yi kama da yin la'akari da damar da za a samu ga marubutan nau'in,lokacin da, a cikin "Remarks" da ke gabatar da kundin waƙar ta na 1804,ta tattauna dangantakar da ke da kyau ga dandano mai kyautaba. 

## Ayyuka

### Almara

* *Waldorf; ko, Hatsarin Falsafa.* *Labari na falsafa.* *By Sopihia King, marubuciin "The Trifles from Helicon."* London: GG da J. Robinson, 1798.
* *Cordelia, ko soyayyar rayuwa ta gaske.* *A cikin juzu'i biyu.* *By Sophia King, marubucin Trifles daga Helicon; & Waldorf, ko Hatsarin Falsafa.* London: Minerva Press, 1799. 
* *Sirrin Kisa; ko, Unknown Warrior.* *Ƙaunar Ƙarni na Sha Biyu, tare da Waƙoƙin Almara.* *Daga Sophia King, Mawallafin Waldorf, ko Hatsarin Falsafa; Cordelia, Romance na Rayuwa ta Gaskiya; da wanda aka azabtar da Abota, Romance na Jamus* . An buga don Mawallafi, ta JG Barnard, Kotun George, Clerkenwell; kuma J. Fiske, Wigmore Street, Cavendish Square, da sauran masu siyar da littattafai suka sayar, 1801.
* *Wanda aka yiwa Zumunci; Romance na Jamus.* *By Sophia King, Mawallafin Trifles daga Helicon; Waldorf, ko Hatsarin Falsafa; da Cordelia, Romance of Real Life* . London: R. Dutton, 1801
* *Adventures na Victor Allen.* *Ta Mrs.* *Fortnum, (Late Sophia King,), Mawallafin Waldorf, ko Hatsarin Falsafa; Cordelia, Ƙaunar Rayuwa ta Gaskiya; Wanda aka azabtar da Abota, Ƙauyen Jamusanci; Sirrin Kisa, ko Jarumi wanda ba a sani ba; &c.* *A Juzu'i Biyu* . London: W. Hodgson, 1805.

### Waka

* Haɗin gwiwa tare da Charlotte Dacre . *Matsakaicin Helicon.* *Daga Charlotte da Sophia King* . London: James Ridgway, 1798.
* *Wakoki, Almara, Tausayi, da Siffantawa.* *Ta Mrs.* *Fortnum (marigayi Sophia King)* . London: Susannah Burchett ta buga, 1804.

## Nassoshi

## Albarkatu

* Baines, Paul. "Fortnum [née King], Sophia (b. 1781/2, d. a ciki ko bayan 1805), marubuci." *Oxford Dictionary of National Biography* . 08. Jami'ar Oxford Press. An shiga 2022-07-15.
* Clery, EJ *Gothic Mata: daga Clara Reeve zuwa Mary Shelley* . Tavistock, 2000. ( Taskar Intanet )
* "King Fortnum, Sophia" Aikin Tarihin Buga na Mata, 2019, ID na mutum 2466. An shiga 2022-07-15. ( WPHP )
* "Sophia King." Orlando: Rubutun Mata a Tsibirin Biritaniya daga Farko zuwa Yanzu. An shiga 2022-07-15. ( Orlando )

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Works by Sophia King at Open Library
* Corvey Women Writers on the Web Author's Page