William Lane

**William Lane** (6 ga Satumba 1861 - 26 ga Agusta 1917) ɗan jarida ne ɗan asalin Ingila, marubuci, mai fafutukar siyasantar da harkokin kwadago na Australiya kuma mai ra'ayin gurguzu na utopian.

An haifi Lane a Bristol, Ingila, cikin iyali mai talauci. Bayan ya nuna ƙwarewa sosai a fannin iliminsa, ya fara aiki a Kanada a matsayin mai aiki da harshen lanƙwasa, sannan ya zama ɗan jarida na Detroit Free Press inda daga baya ya haɗu da matarsa ta gaba Ann Lane, wacce aka fi sani da Macquire. Bayan ya zauna a Ostiraliya tare da matarsa da ɗansa, da kuma ɗan'uwansa John, ya fara aiki a ƙungiyar kwadago ta Ostiraliya, inda ya kafa Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Ostiraliya kuma ya zama ɗan jarida mai hazaka a ƙungiyar. Ya rubuta ayyuka da suka shafi batutuwa kamar haƙƙin ma'aikata da kuma ƙabilanci.

Bayan ya gaji da yanayin siyasar Ostiraliya bayan rarrabuwar kawuna a cikin ƙungiyar ma'aikata, shi da wasu gungun masu fafutukar kare muhalli (daga cikinsu akwai marubuciya kuma mawaƙiya mai tasiri Mary Gilmore ) sun ƙaura zuwa Paraguay a 1892 don kafa sabuwar al'umma bisa ga tushen manufofinsa na utopian. Bayan rashin jituwa da yankin da abin ya shafa game da halalcin gurbata muhalli da shan barasa, ya tafi ya kafa yankin da ke kusa da Cosme (wanda aka fi sani da Colonia Cosme) a watan Mayu na 1894, daga baya ya yi watsi da aikin gaba ɗaya a 1899.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Lane a Bristol, Ingila a ranar 6 ga Satumba, 1861, a matsayin ɗan fari ga James Lane, wani mai kula da lambun Furotesta na Ireland, da matarsa 'yar Ingila Caroline, *née* Hall. An haifi Lane da ciwon ƙafa mai rauni, yanayin da za a gyara shi kaɗan a Montreal daga baya a rayuwarsa, wanda ya bar shi da gurguje. Mahaifin Lane James mashayi ne wanda lokacin da aka haifi Lane yana samun albashi mai wahala, amma daga baya ya inganta yanayinsa ya zama mai aiki.

Yaron Lane ya yi karatu a Makarantar Grammar Bristol kuma ya nuna kansa a matsayin ɗalibi mai hazaka, amma an tura shi aiki da wuri a matsayin ɗalibi na ofis. Mahaifiyar Lane ta mutu yana ɗan shekara 14, kuma yana ɗan shekara 16 ya yi ƙaura zuwa Kanada inda ya yi aiki na musamman kamar mai sarrafa linotype. A wannan lokacin ya fara shagaltuwa da rubuce-rubucen masanin tattalin arziki Henry George da kuma ɗan gurguzu Edward Bellamy . A shekara ta 1881 yana ɗan shekara 24 ya zama ɗan jarida na Detroit Free Press, inda zai haɗu da matarsa ta gaba Ann Macquire wadda zai aura a ranar 22 ga Yuli, 1883.

## An yi zanga-zangar adawa da aikin jarida a Ostiraliya
A shekarar 1885, William da Ann Lane, tare da ɗan'uwansu John, da kuma ɗansu na fari suka yi ƙaura zuwa *Quetta*  zuwa Brisbane, Ostiraliya, inda nan take Lane ta sami aiki a matsayin marubuci a jaridar mako-mako *ta Queensland Figaro*, sannan ta zama marubuciya a jaridun Brisbane Courier da Evening Telegraph, ta amfani da wasu sunayen laƙabi ( *Lucinda Sharpe*, waɗanda wasu ke ɗauka a matsayin aikin matar Lane; *William Wilcher;* da *Sketcher* ).

### ''Fari ko Rawaya?''

Mafi shahara a cikin littafinsa shine littafinsa mai suna *White or Yellow?:* *Labarin Yaƙin Kabila na AD 1908* (1887). A cikin wannan aikin, Lane ya gabatar da shawarar cewa akwai tarin mutanen China da za su isa Ostiraliya bisa doka, waɗanda za su mamaye al'ummar White kuma su mamaye masana'antu masu mahimmanci don amfani da albarkatun ƙasa na "arewa mara komai" na nahiyar.  Kamar yadda wallafe-wallafen mamaye na Ostiraliya, *White or Yellow?* ke nuna wariyar launin fata ta Lane da siyasar hagu a cikin tarihin Ostiraliya na gaba da ke ƙarƙashin harin Yellow Peril.

Lane ya rubuta cewa nan gaba kadan, 'yan jari hujja na Burtaniya za su yi amfani da tsarin shari'a wajen shirya kwararar ma'aikatan kasar Sin zuwa Ostiraliya cikin nasara, ba tare da la'akari da tasirin tattalin arziki ga talakawan Ostiraliya da al'ummarsu ba. Rikicin tattalin arziki, al'adu, da jima'i da ya samo asali daga yadda 'yan jari hujja ke tafiyar da tattalin arzikin Ostiraliya zai haifar da yakin kabilanci a duk fadin nahiyar, wanda aka fafata tsakanin fararen fata da ma'aikatan China.

## Manazarta