Kamfanin John Law

John Law's Company, wanda masanin tattalin arzikin Scotland kuma mai kudi John Law ya kafa a cikin 1717, wani kamfani ne na haɗe-haɗe wanda ya mamaye wani wuri na musamman a tarihin kuɗin Faransa da na Turai, kamar yadda aka ba shi na ɗan lokaci kaɗan gabaɗayan ƙarfin tara kudaden shiga na ƙasar Faransa. Har ila yau, ta mamaye duk kamfanonin mulkin mallaka na Faransa da suka gabata kuma an fi sani da Compagnie du Mississippi (Kamfanin Mississippi), duk da cewa a karkashin jagorancin Doka ayyukanta na ketare sun kasance na biyu ga ayyukan kudi na cikin gida.

A cikin Fabrairu 1720, kamfanin ya sami John Law's Bank, wanda ya kasance babban bankin Faransa na farko. Gwajin ya kasance ɗan gajeren lokaci, kuma bayan rushewar kasuwar hannun jari na hannun jarin kamfanin a cikin rabin na biyu na 1720 (Missipi Bubble), an sanya kamfanin a ƙarƙashin karɓar karɓar gwamnati a cikin Afrilu 1721. Ya fito daga wannan tsari a cikin 1723 a matsayin Kamfanin Indies na Faransa, ya mai da hankali kan abin da ya kasance ayyukan ketare na Kamfanin Shari'a.

## Suna
An san Kamfanin Law bisa ƙa'ida, na farko, a matsayin Compagnie d'Occident (lit.''Company of West') daga Agusta 1717 zuwa Mayu 1719, sannan a matsayin Compagnie des Indes (lit.  'Kamfanin Indies'). Hakanan an san shi da sunan Compagnie du Mississippi (lit.  'Kamfanin Mississippi').

Kamfanin ya kasance tsakiyar babban tsarin kuɗi da kasafin kuɗi wanda aka sani da Tsarin Shari'a (Faransanci: le système de Law). Da farko babban tsarin tsarin shine Bankin Shari'a, amma Tsarin da Kamfani ya zama gama gari bayan da Bankin ya hade cikin Kamfanin a watan Fabrairun 1720.

## Fage
Tun asali René Cavelier de La Salle ya yi iƙirarin ƙasar Louisiana don Mulkin Faransa a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 1682, sannan ya haɗa da duk magudanar ruwa na Kogin Mississippi (wanda La Salle ya kira Kogin Colbert, don girmama Jean-Baptiste Colbert). Ƙoƙarin farko na kafa wani kamfani na haɗin gwiwa don haɓaka yankin an yi shi ne a shekara ta 1697, amma bai yi nasara ba.

Fitaccen mai kudi na Parisian Antoine Crozat, wanda ya riga ya mallaki Compagnie de Guinée [fr] da cinikin bayi da ke da alaƙa, daga ƙarshe ya kafa Kamfani na Louisiana (Faransa: Compagnie de la Louisiane) wanda Louis XIV ya ba shi ikon mallakar kasuwanci na shekaru 15 a cikin ƙasa a ranar 14 ga Satumba 1712. Dan wasan kasada Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, wanda ya nada ya jagoranci kamfanin ya shawo kan Crozat ya shiga wannan harkar. Ayyukan kamfanin ya kasance iyakance, duk da haka, kuma Crozat ya janye a farkon 1717 bayan an ci tarar da Chamber of Justice wanda Adrien Maurice de Noailles, 3rd Duke na Noailles ya kafa don jefar da masu kudi tare da rashin kula da kudi na Louis XIV na ƙarshen shekaru. wadanda ba su ci gaba ba, tare da jimillar yawan masu mulkin mallaka na Faransa da adadinsu ya kai kusan 500. 14

## Compagnie d'Occident
Majalisar Regency ta amince da wani tsari daga Noailles don amincewa da kamfanin Law a ranar 21 ga Agusta 1717, kuma an ba da haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin mallaka a mako mai zuwa. cinikin beaver a cikin Kanada. Sun yarda Kamfanin ya sami ƙarfin soja na kansa, don yin yarjejeniya da ƴan ƙasar Amirka, da kuma cin gajiyar taimakon sojan Faransa a rigingimu da sauran ƙasashen Turai. A ƙarshen farkon shekaru 25 na farko, Kamfanin zai riƙe ikon mallakar Louisiana amma zai sayar da duk wani kadarorin soja ga Sarki, gami da garu da kayan aiki.

Bayan wasu nudging da Regent, majalisar dokokin Paris ta yi rajista a kan 10 Satumba 1717, kuma Sarki ya nada Dokar a matsayin Darakta-Janar kwana biyu bayan haka. Biyan kuɗi ya kasance a buɗe ga manyan mutane amma kuma ga jama'a da baƙi. 146  An fara ba da gudummawar jama'a ne a ranar 14 ga Satumbar 1717 kuma ta tsawaita har zuwa ƙarshen 1718, ga jimillar livres miliyan 100 na Faransa a ƙimar fuska. Dangane da asusun, ya bayyana cewa Dokar da kanta ta yi rajista tsakanin miliyan 10 da miliyan 13.3 (ko 10-13.3 bisa dari na jimlar), kuma ƙasar Faransa (wato Regent, Sarki da bayi huɗu da aka fi so) sun shiga tsakanin miliyan 30 zuwa 40. [1]:  155 

## Kamfanin Compagnie des Indes

Hotel Tubeuf a Paris, wurin zama na Kamfanin Indies daga 1720

Taswirar John Senex na Louisiana (1721) tare da sadaukarwa ga William Law, mai yiwuwa ɗan'uwan John Law
A watan Mayu 1719, Law ya faɗaɗa sayan saye ta hanyar siyan Kamfanin East Indies wanda ya daɗe da fatara, da kuma Compagnie de la Chine da aka sake buɗewa a 1712. yana misalta haɓakar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ƙungiyoyin biyu. A ranar 21 ga Mayu 1719, dokar sarauta ta Regent ta amince da cinikin kuma ta ba da sunan Compagnie des Indes ga ƙungiyar da aka haɗa. 

## Ayyuka a Amurka

Ofishin Kamfanin a Biloxi, Disamba 1720
Bénard de la Harpe da jam'iyyarsa sun bar New Orleans a 1719 don bincika kogin Red River. A cikin 1721, ya bincika kogin Arkansas. A ƙauyukan Yazoo a Mississippi ya haɗa da Jean Benjamin wanda ya zama masanin kimiyya don balaguron balaguro.[abubuwan buƙatu] Kamfanin Mississippi ya shirya jiragen ruwa don kawo ƙarin mazauna 800, waɗanda suka sauka a Louisiana a 1718, ninka yawan jama'ar Turai. Dokar ta ƙarfafa wasu masu jin Jamusanci, ciki har da Alsatians da Swiss, yin hijira. Sun ba da sunayensu ga Jamus Coast da Lac des Allemands a Louisiana.

An kori fursunoni daga Paris zuwa Mississippi tun daga watan Satumba na 1719, kuma Doka ta ƙarfafa su su auri 'yan matan da aka ɗauka a asibitoci. A cikin Mayu 1720, bayan koke-koke daga Kamfanin Mississippi da masu rangwame game da wannan rukunin baƙi na Faransanci, gwamnatin Faransa ta hana irin wannan korar. Duk da haka, an yi jigilar fursunoni na uku a shekara ta 1721.[

Kamfanin ya shiga cikin cinikin bayi na Atlantic, yana shigo da bayi na Afirka tare da kogin Mississippi zuwa arewa har zuwa Illinois na zamani.

## Manazarta