Yanayin yanayi mafi kyau na Holocene

Holocene Climate Optimum (HCO) Lokacin ne mai dumi a farkon rabin zamanin Holocene, wanda ya faru a cikin kimanin shekaru 9,500 zuwa 5,500 BP,  tare da matsakaicin zafi a kusa da shekaru 8000 BP. Har ila yau, an san shi da wasu sunaye da yawa, kamar **Altothermal**, Climatic Optimum, **Holocene Megathermal**, Holocene Optimum، Holocene Thermal Maximum, Holocene global thermal maximum, **Hypsithermal**, da Mid-Holocene Warm Period.

Lokacin zafi ya biyo bayan raguwa a hankali, na kimanin 0.1 zuwa 0.3 ° C a kowace shekara dubu, har zuwa kimanin ƙarni biyu da suka gabata. Koyaya, a kan sikelin shekaru dubu, akwai lokutan zafi na yanki da aka ɗora akan wannan raguwa.&nbsp;

* Don sauran canjin zafin jiki, duba rikodin zafin jiki.
* Don wasu sauye-sauyen yanayi na baya, duba paleoclimatology .
* Don Yankin pollen da Lokacin Blytt-Sernander, wanda ke da alaƙa da yanayin yanayi mafi kyau, duba Atlantic (lokaci) .

## Tasirin Duniya

HCO ya kasance kusan 4.9 °C mai dumi fiye da Last Glacial Maximum. Wani binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2020 ya kiyasta cewa matsakaicin zafin jiki na duniya a lokacin mafi zafi na shekaru 200 na HCO, kusan shekaru 6,500 da suka gabata, ya kasance a kusa da 0.7 ° C mai zafi fiye da matsakaicin karni na sha tara AD, nan da nan kafin Juyin Juya Halin Masana'antu, kuma 0.3 ° C ya fi sanyi fiye da matsakaici na 2011-2019. Rahoton IPCC na 2021 ya nuna matsakaicin amincewa cewa yanayin zafi a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata ya fi girma fiye da yadda suke a lokacin Mid-Holocene Warm Period. Ana kwaikwayon yanayin zafi a Arewacin Hemisphere don ya fi zafi fiye da matsakaicin yanzu a lokacin bazara, amma wurare masu zafi da sassa na Kudancin Hemispheric sun fi sanyi fiye da matsakaici. Matsakaicin canjin zafin jiki ya bayyana ya ragu da sauri tare da latitude don haka ba a bayar da rahoton canji a matsakaicin zafin jiki a ƙananan latitudes da matsakaici ba. Reefs na wurare masu zafi suna nuna karuwar zafin jiki na kasa da 1 ° C. Yankin teku na wurare masu zafi a Great Barrier Reef kimanin shekaru 5350 da suka gabata ya kasance 1 °C mai dumi kuma ya wadata a cikin 18O da 0.5 a kowace mil dangi ga ruwan teku na zamani.

Yanayin zafi a lokacin HCO ya fi na yanzu da kusan 6 ° C a Svalbard, kusa da Arewacin Pole.&nbsp;

Daga shafuka 140 a fadin yammacin Arctic, akwai tabbacin da ya fi zafi fiye da yanzu a shafuka 120. A shafuka 16 waɗanda aka sami ƙididdigar ƙididdiga, yanayin zafi na gida ya kasance a matsakaita 1.6±0.8 °C mafi girma a lokacin mafi kyau fiye da yanzu. Arewa maso yammacin Arewacin Amurka ya kai mafi girman zafi da farko, daga shekaru 11,000 zuwa 9,000 da suka gabata, amma Laurentide Ice Sheet har yanzu yana sanyaya gabashin Kanada. Arewa maso gabashin Arewacin Amurka ya sami zafi mai yawa shekaru 4,000 bayan haka. Tare da Arctic Coastal Plain a Alaska, akwai alamun yanayin zafi na rani 2-3 ° C mai dumi fiye da yanzu. Bincike ya nuna cewa Arctic yana da karancin kankara fiye da yanzu. Greenland Ice Sheet ya ragu, musamman a gefensa. Baya ga kasancewa mai dumi, Arctic Alaska ma ya zama mai laushi.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Arewa maso yammacin Turai sun sami zafi, amma akwai sanyaya a Kudancin Turai. A kudu maso yammacin Yankin Iberian, gandun daji ya kai mafi girma tsakanin shekaru 9,760 da 7,360 BP sakamakon yawan danshi da yanayin zafi a lokacin HCO. A Tsakiyar Turai, HCO ya kasance lokacin da tasirin mutum a kan muhalli ya fara zama bayyananne a cikin bayanan sedimentological,  tare da ɓangaren HCO daga 9,000 zuwa 7,500 BP yana da alaƙa da ƙaramin tasirin ɗan adam da kwanciyar hankali na muhalli, ɓangaren daga 7,500 zuwa 6,300 BP tare da tasirin ɗan adam kawai aka lura a cikin bayanan pollen, kuma ɓangaren bayan 6,300 BP da tasirin ɗan Adam akan muhalli. 

## Manazarta