Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o

**Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o** (  ;  an haife shi **James Ngugi** ; 5 ga Janairu 1938 - 28 ga Mayu 2025) marubuci ne kuma masanin kimiyya ɗan ƙasar Kenya, wanda aka bayyana shi a matsayin fitaccen marubucin littattafai na Gabashin Afirka kuma mutum mai muhimmanci a cikin adabin zamani na Afirka.   

Ngũgĩ ya rubuta galibi da Turanci kafin ya koma rubutu musamman a Gikuyu kuma ya zama mai fafutukar kare adabin da aka rubuta a harsunan asali na Afirka .  Ayyukansa sun haɗa da littattafai kamar littafin da aka shahara da shi *The River Between*, wasan kwaikwayo, gajerun labarai, tarihin rayuwa, adabin yara da kasidu tun daga adabi zuwa sukar zamantakewa. Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma editan mujallar *Mũtĩri* ta harshen Gikuyu. An fassara gajerun labarinsa na 2016 mai suna "The Upright Revolution: Or Why Humans Walk Upright" zuwa harsuna sama da 100  . 

A shekarar 1977, Ngũgĩ ya fara wani sabon nau'in wasan kwaikwayo a Kenya wanda ya nemi 'yantar da tsarin wasan kwaikwayo daga abin da ya ɗauka a matsayin "tsarin ilimi na bourgeois gabaɗaya", ta hanyar ƙarfafa masu kallo su shiga cikin wasannin kwaikwayo cikin gaggawa. [1] Aikinsa ya yi ƙoƙarin "korar" tsarin wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma guje wa "tsarin keɓewa [wanda] ke samar da tarin taurari masu aiki da kuma tarin masu godiya marasa bambanci" wanda, a cewar Ngũgĩ, ke ƙarfafa rashin son kai ga "talakawa". [1] Duk da cewa wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi na Ngaahika Ndeenda (1977), wanda aka rubuta tare da Ngũgĩ wa Mirii, ya kasance nasara ta kasuwanci, gwamnatin mulkin kama-karya ta Kenya a wancan lokacin ta rufe shi makonni shida bayan buɗe shi.

## Tarihin Rayuwa

### Shekarun farko da ilimi
An haifi Ngũgĩ a ranar 5 ga Janairu 1938   a Kamirithu, kusa da Limuru  a gundumar Kiambu, Kenya Mallakar Daular Burtaniya . Ya fito daga zuriyar Kikuyu, kuma an yi masa baftisma **James Ngugi** . Mahaifinsa, Thiong'o wa Ndūcũ,    yana da mata huɗu da 'ya'ya 28; An haifi Ngũgĩ ga matarsa ta uku, Wanjiku wa Ngũgĩ.     Iyalinsa manoma ne waɗanda aka kwace filayensu a ƙarƙashin Dokar Masarautar Burtaniya ta 1915.  A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, an kama su a lokacin Tawayen Mau Mau na 1952–1960; Ɗan uwansa Mwangi yana da hannu sosai a cikin Rundunar Sojojin Ƙasa da 'Yanci ta Kenya (inda aka kashe shi), an harbi wani ɗan'uwa a lokacin Dokar Gaggawa, kuma an azabtar da mahaifiyarsa a sansanin tsaro na gida na Kamirithu.   

### ƙarni na 21

A ranar 8 ga Agusta 2004, Ngũgĩ ya koma Kenya a wani ɓangare na rangadin wata guda a Gabashin Afirka. A ranar 11 ga Agusta, 'yan fashi sun shiga gidansa mai tsaro mai ƙarfi: sun kai wa Ngũgĩ hari, sun yi wa matarsa fyade, sun kuma sace kayayyaki masu daraja daban-daban.  Lokacin da Ngũgĩ ya dawo Amurka a ƙarshen tafiyarsa ta wata guda, an kama mutane biyar bisa zargin aikata laifin, ciki har da ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwansa.  A shekara ta 2006, mawallafan Amurka Random House sun buga sabon littafinsa na farko cikin kusan shekaru ashirin, *Wizard of the Crow*, wanda marubucin da kansa ya fassara zuwa Turanci. 

### Rashin lafiya da mutuwa
A shekarar 1995, an gano cewa Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o yana da cutar kansar mafitsara kuma an gaya masa cewa yana da watanni uku a raye; duk da haka, ya warke. A shekarar 2019, an yi masa tiyatar zuciya sau uku, kuma a wannan lokacin, ya fara fama da matsalar gazawar koda. Ya mutu a Buford, Georgia, Amurka a ranar 28 ga Mayu 2025, yana da shekaru 87. A lokacin rasuwarsa, an ruwaito cewa Ngũgĩ yana karɓar maganin dialysis na koda, amma ba a sanar da musabbabin mutuwarsa nan take ba.    

Bayan mutuwar Ngũgĩ, kafofin watsa labarai na ƙasashen yamma sun nuna ƙoƙarinsa na yaƙi da mulkin mallaka da sauran sukar zamantakewa.     Marubucin Najeriya Wole Soyinka, abokin aikinsa marubucin Kenya David Gian Maillu, Shugaban Kenya William Ruto, da 'yan siyasa Stephen Kalonzo Musyoka, da Raila Odinga sun yi wa Ngũgĩ murna bayan rasuwarsa. 

#### MANAZARTA