Elena Kagan

**Elena Kagan** (/ ˈkeɪɡən/ KAY-guhn; an haifeta Afrilu 28, 1960) lauyar Ba'amurkiya ce wadda ke aiki a matsayin abokiyar shari'a ta Kotun Koli ta Amurka. Shugaba Barack Obama ne ya nada ta a shekara ta 2010 kuma ita ce mace ta hudu da za ta yi aiki a Kotun.

An haifi Kagan kuma ta girma a birnin New York. Bayan kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Princeton, Kwalejin Worcester, Oxford, da Makarantar Shari'a ta Harvard, ta nemi alkalin kotun daukaka kara na tarayya da kuma mai shari'a na Kotun Koli Thurgood Marshall. Ta fara aikinta a matsayin farfesa a Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Chicago, ta bar aiki a matsayin Associated White House Counsel, kuma daga baya a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan harkokin siyasa a karkashin Shugaba Bill Clinton. Bayan da aka nada ta zuwa Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Amurka don Sashen D.C., wacce ta kare ba tare da daukar mataki ba, ta zama farfesa a Makarantar Lauyoyi ta Harvard kuma daga baya aka nada mata shugabar mata ta farko.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Kagan a ranar 28 ga Afrilu, 1960, a Manhattan, na biyu na yara uku na Robert Kagan, lauya wanda ya wakilci masu haya da ke ƙoƙarin ci gaba da zama a gidajensu, da Gloria (Gittelman) Kagan, wanda ya koyar a Makarantar Elementary College. Dukan iyayenta ’ya’yan Yahudawa baƙi ne na Rasha. An raya Kagan a birnin New York. Tana da 'yan'uwa biyu, Marc da Irving.

Kagan da danginta sun zauna a wani gida mai hawa na uku a West End Avenue da 75th Street, kuma sun halarci majami'ar Lincoln Square. Ta kasance mai zaman kanta kuma mai ƙarfi a lokacin ƙuruciyarta kuma, bisa ga tsohon abokin aikin mahaifinta, ta yi karo da malamin addininta na Orthodox, Shlomo Riskin, game da abubuwan da ta shafi mitzvah. Abokin mahaifinta ya ce "Tana da kwakkwaran ra'ayi game da yadda mitzvah ya kamata ya kasance, wanda bai yi daidai da muradin malamin ba." Kagan da Riskin sun yi shawarwarin mafita. Riskin bai taba yin wata al'ada ta jemage mitzvah ba. Ta "ji sosai cewa a yi al'ada ta jemage a cikin majami'a, ba abin da ya fi muhimmanci fiye da mashaya mitzvah. Wannan shi ne ainihin farkon jemagu na mitzvah da muka samu", in ji shi. Kagan ya nemi ya karanta daga Attaura a safiyar ranar Asabar kamar yadda yaran suka yi, amma daga karshe ya karanta daga littafin Ruth a daren Juma'a. Yanzu tana bin addinin Yahudanci masu ra'ayin mazan jiya.

## Karatu
Kagan ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Hunter College, inda mahaifiyarta ta koyar. Makarantar ta yi suna a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan makarantun koyo ga 'yan matan sakandare kuma ta jawo hankalin ɗalibai daga ko'ina cikin birnin New York. Kagan ya fito a matsayin daya daga cikin fitattun daliban makarantar. An zabe ta a matsayin shugabar gwamnatin dalibai kuma ta yi aiki a cikin kwamitin tuntubar dalibai da malamai.[19] Daga nan Kagan ya halarci Jami'ar Princeton, inda ya kammala karatunsa a 1981 tare da Bachelor of Arts, summa cum laude, a cikin tarihi. An jawo ta musamman ga tarihin Amurka da bincike na kayan tarihi. Ta rubuta babban darasi a ƙarƙashin masanin tarihi Sean Wilentz mai taken "Zuwa Rikicin Ƙarshe: Socialism a Birnin New York, 1900-1933". A cikin ta ta rubuta, "Ta hanyar rikice-rikice na cikin gida, to, SP [Jam'iyyar Socialist] ta gaji da kanta har abada. Labarin abin bakin ciki ne amma kuma mai azabtarwa ga wadanda, fiye da rabin karni bayan raguwar gurguzu, har yanzu suna so su canza Amurka.

## Aiki
### Aikin farko
Bayan makarantar shari'a, Kagan ya kasance magatakarda na shari'a ga alkali Abner J. Mikva na Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Amurka na gundumar Columbia daga 1986 zuwa 1987. Ta zama ɗaya daga cikin magatakarda da Mikva ta fi so; sai ya kira ta da “zabar zuriyar”. Daga 1987 zuwa 1988, Kagan ya zama ma'aikacin Justice Thurgood Marshall na Kotun Koli ta Amurka. Marshall ya ce ya dauki Kagan hayar don taimaka masa ya mayar da "hasken" cikin ra'ayinsa yayin da Kotun ke fuskantar sauyin ra'ayin mazan jiya tun lokacin da William Rehnquist ta zama Alkalin Alkalai a 1986. Marshall mai laƙabi da 5-foot-3-inch (mita 1.60) Kagan "Shorty".

## Manazarta