Ada Nield Chew

**Ada Nield Chew** (28 ga watan Janairun 1870 - 27 ga watan Disamba 1945) 'yar Birtaniya ce mai fafutukar gurguzu, marubuciya kuma mai fafutuka. Sunan ta yana kan maballin mutum-mutumi na Millicent Fawcett a filin majalisa, London.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Nield a wani White Hall Farm, Talke o' the Hill, kusa da Butt Lane a Arewacin Staffordshire a ranar 28 ga watan Janairun shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in 1870, 'yar mai yin tubali Willam Nield da Jane (née Hammond) Nield . [1] Ita ce ta biyu kuma 'yar fari a cikin yara 13.[1]

'Yar'uwarta guda daya ce ke fama da farfajiya, kuma Nield ta bar makaranta tana da shekaru 11 don taimakawa mahaifiyarta kula da gidan, kula da iyalin da kuma tallafa mata ta hanyar haihuwar ta.[1] Abubuwan da Nield ta samu tun tana yarinya sun tsara ra'ayinta cewa, don mata su jagoranci rayuwar mutum kuma su sami 'yancin kai na tattalin arziki, aikin gida da kula da yara ya kamata su zama masu sana'a.[2][3]

## Ayyuka
Lokacin da take cikin shekaru 20 ta yi aiki a wani shago a Nantwich sannan a matsayin mai gyaran tufafi a masana'antar tufafin Compton Bros a Crewe, Cheshire. An kore ta daga aikinta na masana'anta bayan ta rubuta jerin wasiku ga Crewe Chronicle a cikin 1894 a karkashin sunan "A Crewe Factory Girl" wanda ya soki yanayin aiki ga mata da 'yan mata a masana'antar. Ta jaddada batutuwa kamar rashin adalci da aka ba da aiki da kuma aikin cajin ma'aikata don hutun shayi da kayan da suke buƙata don yin aikinsu. Masana'antar ta dauki mata 400 da maza 100 aiki amma ta biya mata wani bangare na albashin maza saboda rawar da suka taka wajen yin kayan aiki ga sojoji, 'yan sanda da ma'aikatan jirgin kasa. Ta yi jayayya game da albashi na rayuwa ga mata maimakon "albashi mai wahala, mai mutuwa".

Wasiƙunta sun ja hankalin Jam'iyyar Labour Party (ILP), wacce ta ba ta aiki idan aka gano asalinta a matsayin Crewe Factory Girl. Lokacin da aka gano ainihinta, ta zama mai aiki a cikin ILP. A ƙarshen shekara an zabe ta a matsayin mai kula da dokar matalauta ta Nantwich (ɗaya daga cikin mata masu kula da mata na farko) kuma tana aiki tare da Majalisar Kasuwanci ta gida. A shekara ta 1896, ta zagaya arewa maso gabashin Ingila a cikin Clarion Van wanda Julia Dawson ta shirya don yada manufofin ILP.

A shekara ta 1897, ta auri George Chew, wani mai shirya ILP. An haifi 'yarsu (kuma da daya), Doris, a shekara mai zuwa. Chew daga nan ya zama mai shirya Kungiyar Kwadago ta Mata a cikin 1900,  yana aiki tare da Mary Macarthur,  kuma ya dauki 'yarta tare da ita a kan aikinta na kamfen. 

A cikin shekarun da suka kai ga Yakin Duniya na farko, Chew ya zama mai goyon bayan motsi na mata. A cewar 'yarta, Chew a matsayin mace mai aiki wani lokacin tana jin jagorancin tsakiya na motsi. Wannan ya nuna a cikin wata wasika mai rai tare da Christabel Pankhurst a cikin shafuka na The Clarion a cikin shekara ta 1904.  A cikin larduna tare da Selina Cooper da Margaret Aldersley sun kasance ƙwararrun masu gwagwarmayar aiki a Lancashire. Chew ta zama memba na Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Mata ta Kasa (NUWSS) kuma ta yi aiki a wannan ƙungiyar a matsayin mai shirya daga 1911 zuwa 1914. Babban abin da ta mayar da hankali ga aikinta shine samun goyon baya ga dalilin ta hanyar lambobin sadarwa a cikin ƙungiyar ma'aikata, amma kuma ta rubuta wa *Freewoman*, Englishwoman da takardar NUWSS Common Cause . 

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na farko, Chew ta ɗauki matsayin mai zaman lafiya kuma tana aiki a reshen Manchester na Ƙungiyar Mata ta Duniya don Zaman Lafiya da 'Yanci da sauran kungiyoyin masu adawa da yaki.

Bayan karshen yakin, da kuma nasarar samun 'yancin mata a 1918, Chew ta janye daga duk wani babban shiga siyasa, amma har yanzu tana aiki don inganta yanayin aiki, abinci da lafiyar mata masu aiki. Ta mayar da hankali kan gina *Chew & Co.*, kasuwancin zane-zane na gidan waya wanda ta kafa, tare da gidaje a Chapel Street, Salford . Ta kuma gudanar da kantin sayar da abinci na kiwon lafiya, wanda ya samo asali ne daga Cin ganyayyaki. Ta yi ritaya daga kasuwancin a 1930 kuma ta yi rangadin zagaye na duniya a 1935.

An sadaukar da 'yar'uwarta a gidan kula da marasa lafiya na Cheshire County, inda ta mutu a cikin shekarun 1920.  Mijinta ya mutu a 1940, kuma Chew ya mutu a ranar 27 ga Disamba 1945 a Burnley, Lancashire . An ƙone ta kuma an watsar da tokarta a kan Rose Lawn a Kabari na Rochdale . 'Yarta, Doris, ce ta tsira, wacce daga baya ta shirya wasu rubuce-rubucenta tare da taƙaitaccen tarihin rayuwa.

## Ma'ajiyar bayanai
Tattaunawar tarihin baki tsakanin Brian Harrison da Doris Nield Chew, game da mahaifiyarta, Ada, ana gudanar da ita ta The Women's Library, yanzu ana samun ta a The British Library of Political and Economic Science, kuma ana samun ta akan layi. Yana daya daga cikin tambayoyin sama da 200 da aka yi tsakanin 1974 da 1981 a matsayin wani ɓangare na Shaidar Magana akan ƙungiyoyin Suffragette da Suffragist: tambayoyin Brian Harrison .Shaidar Magana game da ƙungiyoyin Suffragette da Suffragist: tambayoyin Brian Harrison.

## Sanarwar bayan mutuwarsa
Ada Nield Chew 'yarta, Doris Nield Chex, ta wallafa tarin rubuce-rubucenta a shekarar 1982.  Alan Plater ya daidaita wannan *Mata.* baya don wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin 'The Clarion Van', wanda aka fara watsawa a ranar 5 ga Yuli 1983 a matsayin wani labari na jerin Granada Women .  A cikin wannan samarwa, Diane Fletcher ce ta buga Ada Nield Chew.

Sunan Ada Nield Chew da hoton (da na wasu magoya bayan mata 58) suna kan matattarar mutum-mutumi na Millicent Fawcett a filin majalisa, London, wanda aka bayyana a shekarar 2018.

Kamfen din 'Statue for Ada', wanda Cheshire Women's Collaboration ke gudanarwa, ya nada mai zane Hazel Reeves don zana Ada Nield Chew. Za a jefa shi a tagulla kuma a shigar da shi a Crewe.

## Dubi kuma

* Tarihin mata
* Jerin masu goyon bayan mata da mata
* Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Mata ta Kasa
* Hakkin mata a Ƙasar Ingila
* Jerin masu fafutukar zaman lafiya

## Manazarta

## Ƙarin karantawa

* Liddington, J. "Rediscovering History", Tarihin Tarihi, 4 (1977), shafuffuka 192-201.