Tsaro na Bioscurity a New Zealand

Tsaron halittu a New Zealand na kiyaye barazanar da ake yi wa noma da bambancin halittu, tare da daukar tsauraran matakan kiyaye kan iyaka don hana wasu kwayoyin da ba a so su shiga cikin kasar. New Zealand ƙasa ce tsibiri da ke keɓantacce daga kowace ƙasa mai mahimmanci. Nau'in da ke akwai sun samo asali ne a cikin rashin kwayoyin halitta daga wasu wurare kuma suna nuna babban matsayi na endemism. Abin lura shi ne rashin dabbobi masu shayarwa, sai dai nau'in jemagu guda biyu. Jinsunan ƴan asali suna cikin haɗari daga raguwar yawan jama'a ko bacewa idan an gabatar da kowane nau'in ɓarna. Ma'aikatar Masana'antu na Farko (MPI) ita ce ma'aikatar gwamnati da ke da alhakin kula da lafiyar halittu na New Zealand. Dokar Biosecurity 1993, wacce ita ce farkon duniya don sarrafa lafiyar halittu,  an zartar da shi don "sake sakewa da sake fasalin dokar da ta shafi keɓancewa, kawar da kai, da ingantaccen sarrafa kwari da ƙwayoyin da ba a so". 
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An bullo da wata rumbun adanar bayanan RFID, tsare-tsaren tsare-tsare da gano abubuwan (NAIT) da aka tsara don gano a cikin 2012, amma a cikin 2017, tsare tsare Mycoplasma bovis ya nuna cewa ba a cika cika ba.

## Tarihi
Ofishin gwamnati na yanzu da ke da alhakin tsaro a New Zealand shine Ma'aikatar Masana'antu ta Farko. Ya ƙunshi sassan kasuwanci guda biyar (Aikin Noma da Sabis, Biosecurity New Zealand, Kifi New Zealand, Tsaron Abinci na New Zealand da *Te Uru Rākau -* Sabis ɗin dazuzzuka na New Zealand.) 

Haɗuwa a cikin 2012 ta kafa tsarin yanzu na Ma'aikatar Masana'antu ta Farko. Kafin wannan, tsaron halittu shine alhakin Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona da Kifi (MAF). 

## Kula da iyakoki
Sashen kasuwanci na Ma'aikatar Masana'antu na Firamare' Biosecurity New Zealand ita ce ke da alhakin kare lafiyar halittu a kan iyaka. Kazalika kasancewa da alhakin kula da kan iyakokin halittu inda akwai fasinja na ƙasa da ƙasa da zirga-zirgar sufuri, jami'an Biosecurity na New Zealand kuma suna gudanar da ayyukan kiyaye lafiyar halittu a cikin ƙasar. 

A cikin teku da filayen jirgin sama, ana bincikar kaya, fasinjoji da kayan fasinja don ƙwayoyin da ba a so; tare da kona duk wanda aka samu. Jami'an da aka nada a matsayin "jami'an keɓe masu zaman kansu" jami'an tsaro ne masu sanye da kayan aiki waɗanda ke amfani da iko da yawa a ƙarƙashin Dokar Tsaro ta Biosecurity 1993 da sauran dokoki. Fasinjoji dole ne su sanya hannu kan takardar sanarwa da ke nuna cewa ba su da wani abu da ke haifar da haɗarin rayuwa ga New Zealand kuma ana iya ci tarar rashin yin hakan. An fi ci tarar baƙi zuwa New Zealand don kawo kayan kamun kifi, iri, 'ya'yan itace, bamboo da kayayyakin katako a kan iyaka. 

A wuraren kula da iyakoki kamar filayen jirgin sama, ana amfani da beagles don gano kayan da ke haifar da haɗarin rayuwa saboda suna da ƙanƙanta kuma ba su da tsoro ga mutanen da ba su da daɗi a kusa da karnuka, sauƙin kulawa, masu hankali da aiki da kyau don lada.

Idan akwai barazanar yaduwar kwayoyin da ba a so a cikin New Zealand, ana aiwatar da matakan karewa. Misali, Didymo (Didymosphenia geminata), wani algae mai cin zarafi da aka gano a New Zealand a cikin 2004, ya kasance batun yaƙin neman zaɓe na ƙasa baki ɗaya don hana yaɗuwar sa. Don hana yaduwar cutar kauri mai mutuwa ana ba da shawarar cewa a yi amfani da hanyoyin da ke cikin dazuzzuka kuma a tsaftace kayan aiki kafin a bar wurin da bishiyoyin kauri suke.

### Yankin da aka hana 'ya'yan itace na Queensland
Guda 'ya'yan itacen Queensland (Bactrocera tryoni) ya haifar da lalacewar amfanin gonakin 'ya'yan itacen Australiya sama da dala miliyan 28.5 a shekara. Don haka, wannan nau'in yana haifar da haɗari ga lafiyar halittu a New Zealand. Yankin keɓanta gardama (FFEZ) yana iyakance motsin 'ya'yan itace tsakanin jihohin Ostiraliya da New Zealand.

## 2017 Yaduwar ''Mycoplasma bovis''
A ranar 21 ga Yuli 2017 Ma'aikatar Masana'antu ta Farko An sanar da cewa wasu shanun da ke kusa da Oamaru a tsibirin Kudu sun kasance Mycoplasma bovis tabbatacce. Har zuwa lokacin, New Zealand da Norway sune kawai ƙasashen OECD waɗanda ba su da cutar. (Cutar ba ta da haɗari ga mutane.)

Da farko an yi tunanin cewa cutar ta kasance a cikin Kudancin Canterbury. Koyaya, daga baya, an kashe wasu shanu 26,000 kuma a watan Mayu na 2018 ministan, Damien O'Connor, ya sanar da cewa gwamnati ta yanke shawarar (bayan tuntubar manoma) cewa an ba da shawarar kawar da cutar. Wannan zai buƙaci yanka wasu shanu 146,000 a cikin kimanin shekaru biyu, kuma zai kashe dala miliyan 886, idan aka kwatanta da farashin dala biliyan 1.2 don sarrafa cutar. Kashewa kuma zai zama "duniya ta farko".

Ya bayyana cewa watakila kashi 70% na manoma ba su cika bukatun ba tun 2012 don bin diddigin motsi na shanu, musamman maraƙin da aka sayar "don kuɗi".   Wani yiwuwar shi ne shigo da magunguna ba bisa ka'ida ba ta kamfanonin likitan dabbobi. Kimanin kwanan nan na adadin da za a kashe ya kasance 152,000 a watan Yunin 2018; 126,000 tare da 26,000 da aka riga aka kashe. 

A watan Agustan shekarar 2018, wani manomi dan kasar Kudu da aka gano a matsayin asalin tushen barkewar cutar, an tuhumi shi a karkashin dokar kare lafiyar dabbobi dangane da shigo da wasu injina gonaki.

## Sauran sanannun hare-hare
An sami raguwa da yawa a cikin New Zealand, kuma a wasu lokuta an gudanar da yaduwar kawar da kwayoyin cuta.

* An gano asu din apple da aka fentin a Auckland a cikin 1999. An kafa wani yanki na biocontainment kuma an gudanar da shirin yaduwa mai rikitarwa don kawar da asu. Da'awar cewa ya haifar da ciwon daji ba a tabbatar da shi ba.
* An kama wani namiji gypsy asu a cikin tarko a cikin 2003 a cikin iyakokin birnin Hamilton. An fara shirin aikace-aikacen maganin kwari na iska don hana kafa duk wani yawan jama'a.
* An yi tunanin cewa an kafa ƙudan zuma a New Zealand saboda an shigo da ƙudan zumeyyar sarauniya a cikin ƙasar.
* An gano kwari na 'ya'yan itace na Queensland (*Bactrocera tryoni*) a Auckland a cikin 2012 da 2015, wanda ya haifar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya kan motsi na kayan shuka a wasu sassan Auckland.
* Kwayar cutar shuka Pseudomonas syringae pv. *actinidiae* (PSA), wanda ke shafar kiwifruit, ana zaton ya isa New Zealand watanni 18 kafin a lura da alamun cutar. A cikin 2018 masu shuka (amma ba wasu masu aiki ba) sun lashe shari'ar kotu a kan gwamnati, wanda ya gano cewa gwamnati ta karya "aikin kulawa" ga masu shuka, kuma barkewar 2010 ta kasance a kan "daidaitawar yiwuwar" saboda shigo da pollen na kiwifruit ta kamfanin Te Puke daga 2007 zuwa 2010.
* An gano tsatsa na Myrtle (*Puccinia psidii*) a cikin ɗakin yara na Kerikeri a watan Mayu 2017. Yanzu an tabbatar da tsatsa a wurare sama da 100 a fadin Taranaki, Te Puke, Waikato, Northland, Auckland da Wellington.

A cikin Mayu 2005, an yi ikirarin cewa an saki cutar ƙafa da baki a tsibirin Waiheke kuma za a sake shi a wani wuri sai dai idan an biya kuɗi kuma an yi gyare-gyaren haraji. An fara ba da cikakkiyar amsawar cuta ta noma. Ba a ba da izinin shiga ko barin tsibirin ba kuma an gwada haja a tsibirin kowane sa'o'i 48 don alamun cutar, wanda zai lalata fitar da noma na New Zealand. Bayan makonni uku na gwaji, ba a gano dabbobi masu kamuwa da cuta ba kuma an dakatar da ma'aikatan amsawa.

## Dubi kuma

* Karewa a New Zealand
* Muhalli na New Zealand
* Dabbobi masu mamayewa a New Zealand
* Gudanar da binciken dabbobi a New Zealand
* Border Patrol, jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin game da aikin Kwastam, Ma'aikatar Masana'antu ta Farko, da kuma Sabis ɗin Shige da Fice na New ZealandOfishin Shige da Fice na New Zealand

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Ƙarin karantawa

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## Haɗin waje

* Biosecurity New Zealand, wanda Ma'aikatar Masana'antu ta Farko ke gudanarwa
* Tsaro na Bioscurity a Ma'aikatar Karewa