Kisan kare dangi na Libya (1929-1934)

**Kisan gillar Libya**,  kuma aka fi sani da **Shar**   shi ne kisan ƙare dangi na Larabawa Libya da kuma lalata al'adun Libyan a cikin tsari a lokacin da kuma bayan Yaƙin Italo-Senussi na Biyu tsakanin shekarun 1929 da 1934. A cikin wannan lokacin, hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Italiya a ƙarƙashin Benito Mussolini sun kashe 'yan Libya tsakanin 20,000 zuwa 100,000. Kusan kashi 50 cikin 100 na al'ummar Cyrenaica an kora kuma aka shigar da su a sansanonin taro, wanda ya haifar da raguwar yawan jama'a daga 225,000 zuwa 142,000 farar hula.

Wannan lokacin ya kasance alama ce ta mummunan kamfen wanda ke nuna manyan Laifukan yaki na Italiya, gami da Tsabtace ƙabilanci , kisan kiyashi, tilasta ƙaura, tilasta mutuwa, mulkin mallaka, amfani da makamai masu guba, amfani da sansanonin taro, kisan fararen hula ya ƙi ɗaukar fursunonin yaƙi kuma a maimakon haka aiwatar da mayakan da suka miƙa wuya. Jama'ar 'yan asalin ƙasar, musamman ƙabilun Bedouin, sun fuskanci matsanancin tashin hankali da murkushewa a cikin ƙoƙari na murkushe juriya na Senussi ga 'yan mulkin mallaka, wanda yawan su ya ragu da rabi.

Fascist Italiya ta danne labarai game da kisan kiyashi sosai, an lalata shaida da yawa, wanda ya sa sauran fayiloli a sansanonin tattara hankali na Italiya a Libya da wahala a samu koda bayan ƙarshen mulkin Fascist a Italiya a shekarar 1945. Sansanin ƙasar tilo da ke da ƙabilar fursunoni shine sansanin Swani al-Tariya. Duk da haka, har yanzu kaburburan jama'a sun tabbatar da kisan kiyashin. A shekara ta 2008 Italiya ta nemi afuwar kisan gilla da lalata da kuma takurawa al'ummar Libiya a lokacin da ta yi wa Libya mulkin mallaka.  A cewar wasu masana tarihi, kisan kare dangi na Libya yana da alaƙa da Holocaust yayin da manyan 'yan Nazi suka ziyarci sansanonin mutuwa kamar Himmler da Goering.

## Gabatarwa
A lokacin da Italiya ta mamaye Libiya a cikin shekarar 1911, an nuna Italiya a matsayin masu 'yantar da Libya daga mulkin Ottoman, a lokaci guda suna ɓoye duk wata shaida ta yakin danniya da kisan kiyashi a lokacin yakin, kamar waɗanda suka biyo bayan yaki da kisan kiyashi a Shar al-Shatt. A ɗaya ɓangaren kuma, an bayyana Larabawa a matsayin 'dabba' waɗanda ke buƙatar wayewar Turawa.  An ba da rahoton cewa, duka jami'an Italiya da maza sun bayyana cewa "dole ne mu halaka Larabawa". Rahotanni na hukuma a cikin kisan-kiyashi sun jaddada ƙiyayya ta launin fata, ramako da "lalacewar ilimin halin ɗabi'a" a matsayin tushensu. Irin waɗannan munanan laifukan yaki na Italiya a Libya sun kasance da alaka da zamanin Fascist, amma kuma sun faru ne a lokacin 'yan sassaucin ra'ayi, duk da cewa a cikin tsari mara kyau.  Bayan shiga Libya, Italiya ta fara aiwatar da ayyukan wariyar launin fata da nuna wariya na rarrabuwar kawuna, gami da gina sansanonin tarurruka, inda kusan 'yan Libya 50,000 suka rasa rayukansu a cikin 1930s. Libya ta kasance muhimmiyar mahimmanci ga Italiya, don haka ya sa na biyu ya mamaye tsohuwar a matsayin "Tekun Huɗu" don ba wa Italiya damar faɗaɗa hanyar kasuwanci wanda ya amfana da Italiya sosai. 

## Ƙarfafawa
Mallakar da Italiya ta yi wa Libya ya samo asali ne daga sha'awar yin gogayya da sauran ƙasashen Turai, waɗanda suke da nasu mulkin mallaka. Libya dai na ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen Afirka na ƙarshe da aka yi wa mulkin mallaka, tare da Abyssinia. Bugu da ƙari, ana kallon Libya a matsayin Tekun na huɗu, manufar Mussolini na Babban Italiya wanda ya koma Daular Roma. Libya a takaice dai ana kallonta a matsayin ƙasa mai mulkin mallaka, kwatankwacin Aljeriya ta Faransa. 

Italo Balbo, filin marshal kuma masanin tsarin mulkin mallaka, ya yi shirin daidaita 500,000 Italiyawa a cikin shekarar 1960s,  musamman a yankin Jabal al Akhdar ("Tunukan Green" a cikin Larabci) ta hanyar korar mazaunan Libya na gida zuwa hamada. An zaɓi Jabal al Akhdar don zama a matsayin yanki mai albarka a wani wuri mai bushewa, yana samar da yanayin noma. 

## Tattakin mutuwa
Lamarin da ya fi zama ruwan dare na ƙaura daga yankin Jebel Al-Akthar, don ba da hanya ga mazauna Italiya, zuwa Sirte, birni mara kyau a gefen hamadar Sahara. Hakanan an sami ƙaura da yawa daga oases zuwa hamadar Sahara daidai; kamar ƙabilar Maharba, da Zuwayya, da Fawakhir, da Firjan, da Hussun da ke zaune kusa da Ijdabiyya, yammacin Benghazi. Waɗannan  sun kasance masu tsauri tare da yawan mace-mace, wanda aka yi a ƙarƙashin tilasta sojojin Italiya waɗanda aka ba da umarnin kashe duk wani mutum ko dabba da ba su yi sauri ba. Waɗannan jerin gwanon macizai, idan sun tsira, sun kai 'yan ƙasar Libya inda suka nufi ƙarshe a ɗaya daga cikin manyan sansanonin 16. Haɗe waɗannan tafiye-tafiyen da bala'in yunwar da aka yi sanadin kashe kusan kowane shanu da gangan, ya sa mutane da yawa suka mutu.&#x5B; ** &#x5D; 

## Sansanin mutuwa
Evans-Pritchard, kwararre a kan Cyrenaica, ya rubuta, "A cikin wannan ƙasa maras kyau, a lokacin rani na 1930, 80,000 maza, mata, da yara, da namoman jeji 600,000 aka garkame a cikin mafi ƙanƙanta sansani. Yunwa, cututtuka, da kuma karaya zukata sun yi hasarar rayuka da yawa na ƴan kurkuku. mai girma, domin dabbobin ba su da isasshen kiwo a kusa da sansanonin da za su tallafa wa rayuwa, kuma garkunan da aka riga aka lalata a cikin yaƙin an kusa shafe su a sansanin." 

A sansanin Slug ne aka rataye Omar al-Mukhtar a gaban fararen hula 20,000 da suka shiga tsakani, domin aika sako ga al’ummar ƙasar, a ranar 11 ga watan Satumba, 1931. A yau ne aka samu wani wurin ibada na tunawa da Omar al-Mukhtar a wurin, bayan da wani ɗan ƙasar Libya ya gano gawarsa ta hanyar shaida binne al-Mukhtar da turawan Italiya suka yi a asirce bayan an rataye shi. 

## Kisan kare dangi
A ranar 20 ga watan Yuni, 1930, jami'in sojan Italiya Pietro Badoglio ya yi kira ga halakar dukan jama'ar Cyrenaica, kuma ya rubuta wa Janar Rodolfo Graziani: "Game da dabarun gaba ɗaya, ya zama dole a samar da wani muhimmin rabe mai mahimmanci tsakanin mutanen da ake sarrafawa da kuma tsarin 'yan tawaye. saita, kuma dole ne mu ci gaba da shi har zuwa ƙarshe, ko da dukan jama'ar Cyrenaica dole ne su halaka." 

A cewar Melvin Page da Penny Sonneberg, Benito Mussolini shi ne mutumin da ke da alhakin "saka 'yan Libiya 80,000 a sansanonin tattara bayanai, tare da toshe rijiyoyi da guba, gina rukunin gari a wuraren da ake fama da rikici, da jefa bama-bamai a ƙauyuka da iskar gas, kashewa da kwace ɗaruruwan dubban tumaki da rakuma, da gina shingen shinge tsakanin Libya da Masar". 

A shekara ta 1931, fiye da rabin al'ummar Cyrenaica sun kasance a cikin sansani 16 na Italiya inda mutane da yawa suka mutu sakamakon cunkoso, rashin ruwa, abinci da magunguna. Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Italiya sun kori Makiyaya 100,000 na Gabashin Libya, rabin al'ummar Cyrenaica, daga matsugunansu da aka bai wa Turawan mulkin mallaka na Italiya, matakin da aka bayyana a matsayin tsarkake ƙabilanci

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## Manazarta