open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Botlogile Tshireletso

**Botlogile Tshireletso** 'yar siyasa ce a ƙasar Botswana, uwa kuma 'yar majalisa wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar ministan ƙananan hukumomi da cigaban karkara a Majalisar Ministocin Botswana, tun daga shekarar 2004.   Ta yi aiki a matsayin zaɓaɓɓiyar 'yar majalisa, tana wakiltar mazaɓar Mahalapye ta Gabas, a Majalisar Dokokin Botswana.  Kafin ta zama 'yar majalisa, Mmantshire, kamar yadda aka san ta da ƙauna a ƙauyenta na Mahalapye, ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar majalisa a mazaɓar Xhosa ta 1. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup> Ta kasance kansila na tsawon shekaru 25 kuma 'yar majalisa ce na tsawon shekaru 15. 

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
Tshireletso tana da takardar shaidar kammala karatun siyasa daga Jami'ar Tashkent, da ke Rasha (a yau [[Uzbekistan]]).

== Aikin siyasa ==
Botlogile Tshireletso ta fara siyasa a shekarar 1978, bayan Resaapele Senai ta ɗauke ta aiki. A wancan lokacin, abin da kawai take da shi shi ne takardar shaidar auren dole ta shekara shida, wacce ta ce ba ta ƙara mata wani amfani ba. 

An haife ta a cikin dangin magoya bayan jam'iyyar Botswana Democratic Party (BDP). Tshireletso ta je ta shaida wa BOPA (Hukumar Bugawa ta Botswana) a wata hira cewa tana da shekaru 23, ta ji ba ta damu da siyasa ba saboda tana mafarkin samun takardar shaidar aiki. Daga baya tsoffin 'yan siyasa suka jawo Tshireletso zuwa ofishin Mahalapye BDP inda aka ɗauke ta aiki mara kyau. An ba ta aikin ɗaukar sabbin membobi kuma ta yi aiki tuƙuru don ci gaba da aiki, ba tare da sani ba, wannan ya fara rayuwarta a siyasa. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

Kafin ta zama 'yar majalisa, uwar 'ya'ya uku Kansila ce a gundumar Mahalapye ta Gabas (kafin a fara aikin raba iyaka). &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup> Ta kuma kasance shugabar Majalisar Gundumar Tsakiya (CDC). Tshireletso ta kasance a CDC tsawon shekaru 25. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D; Ta kasance a Majalisar Dokoki tun a shekarar 2004.

## Duba kuma

* Majalisar ministocin Botswana
* Majalisar Botswana

## Manazarta
Gareth Bale

**Gareth Frank Bale** (an haife shi 16 ga Yuli, 1989) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Wales kuma mai wasa a matsayi na winger ko forward. Ya yi fice a Premier League da La Liga tare da Tottenham Hotspur da Real Madrid, sannan yanzu yana buga wasa a Major League Soccer da Los Angeles FC.

## Rayuwa ta Farko
Gareth Bale an haife shi a Cardiff, Wales. Ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami a kulob ɗin Cardiff Civil Service kafin ya shiga Southampton a matakin matasa.

## Ƙungiyoyin Ƙwallon Ƙafa
### Southampton
Bale ya fara aikinsa na ƙwararru a Southampton a 2006, inda ya nuna bajinta a matsayin winger da kuma mai saka ƙwallaye.

### Tottenham Hotspur
A 2007, Bale ya koma Tottenham Hotspur inda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin taurarin kungiyar. A nan ne ya fara samun suna a duniya saboda gudu, fasaha, da ƙwarewa a buga free-kicks.

### Real Madrid
A 2013, Bale ya koma Real Madrid a matsayin ɗayan masu daraja sosai a duniya. Ya taimaka wa kungiyar lashe UEFA Champions League sau da dama, ciki har da shahararren kwallon kafa na ƙarshe a Final na 2018.

### Komawa Tottenham (Loan)
A 2020–2021, Bale ya koma Tottenham a matsayin hayar wucin gadi inda ya ci ƙwallaye da dama.

### Los Angeles FC
A 2022, Bale ya koma Los Angeles FC a Major League Soccer inda yake ci gaba da taka rawa.

## Ƙungiyar Ƙasa
Bale ya fara wakiltar Wales tun 2006, kuma ya zama babban gwarzon ƙungiyar har zuwa 2022. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a UEFA Euro 2016, inda Wales ta kai zuwa semifinals.

## Salon Wasa
Bale ana saninsa da gudu mai sauri, ƙwarewa a dribbling, ƙarfin bugun ƙwallo daga nesa, da ikon buga free-kicks.

## Lissafin Lambobin yabo
* UEFA Champions League: 2013–14, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18
* La Liga: 2016–17, 2019–20
* Copa del Rey: 2013–14
* FIFA Club World Cup: 2014, 2017, 2018
* BBC Wales Sports Personality of the Year: 2010, 2013

## Manazarta
Asha Haji Elmi

Asha Haji Elmi ( Somali , Arabic ) (an haife ta a shekara ta 1962) 'yar siyasa ce kuma mai fafutukar zaman lafiya. Tun daga watan Agusta na 2012, tsohuwar 'yar majalisar tarayya ce ta Somaliya .

## Bayani
An haifi Elmi a shekarar 1962 a Somaliya . Ta fito daga ƙabilar Saleebaan ta Habar Gidir . 

Saboda karatunta na gaba da sakandare, Elmi ta sami digiri a fannin tattalin arziki daga Jami'ar Ƙasa ta Somaliya . Ta kuma sami digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Amurka.

Elmi yana auren Abdi Farah Shirdon Sa'id, wani fitaccen ɗan kasuwa kuma tsohon Firayim Ministan Somaliya . 

## Sana'a

### Fafutukar zaman lafiya
A shekarun 2000, Elmi ta kafa ƙungiyar mata ta ƙabila ta shida don ciyar da mata gaba a siyasar Somaliya. Daga baya aka zaɓe ta a Majalisar Tarayya ta Wucin Gadi (TFP) a ranar 29 ga Agusta, 2004, kuma ta yi aiki har zuwa 2009. 

Elmi kuma shine wanda ya kafa Save Somali Women and Children (SSWC), wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1992 a lokacin da yakin basasar Somalia ya yi tsanani.  

Bugu da ƙari, Asha ta sami karramawa a duk duniya saboda fafutukarta ta yaƙi da kaciyar mata (FGC) a Somaliya da sauran yankuna. Tana yawan zuwa jami'o'i da jami'o'i a faɗin duniya tana yin jawabai game da yanayin siyasa na gida da kuma tasirin FGC. 

### Majalisar Tarayya
A watan Agusta na 2012, an zaɓi Elmi a matsayin ɗan majalisa a Majalisar Tarayya ta Somaliya . 

## Kyaututtuka
Elmi ta sami kyaututtuka da dama saboda aikinta na zaman lafiya. A shekarar 2008, ta sami lambar yabo ta Right Livelihood "saboda ci gaba da jagorantar shigar mata cikin tsarin zaman lafiya da sulhu a ƙasarta da yaƙi ya daidaita cikin haɗari".  A watan Satumba na 2009, tana cikin waɗanda aka zaɓa biyar da aka ba kyautar Clinton Global Citizen Award. 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Abokin WAPPP, bayanin martaba a Makarantar Gwamnati ta Kennedy, Jami'ar Harvard
* An Sanar da Wadanda Suka Karrama Kyautar Clinton ta Duniya a 2009 da Shugaba Clinton Ya Yi
* Tarihin Rayuwa Kan Kyautar Right Livelihood
Hanan Ibrahim

Hanan Ibrahim MBE ( Somali , Arabic ) yar fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a ce ta Somaliya . Ita ce Shugabar Ƙungiyar Matan Musulmi ta Barnet, da sauran ƙungiyoyi.

## Shekarun farko
Ibrahim ta girma a Somaliya . Ita uwa ce mai 'ya'ya uku kuma Musulma ce.  Bayan barkewar yakin basasa a ƙasarta, ta ƙaura zuwa Burtaniya a shekarar 1998. 

## Sana'a

A matsayinsa na ƙwararre, Ibrahim ya yi aiki tare da ƙungiyar mata ta ƙungiyoyin addinai daban-daban, ƙungiyar 'yan'uwa mata masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, ƙungiyar Afirka SANG da ƙungiyar mata ta zaman lafiya ta duniya. 

A lokacin da take Landan, ta kafa ƙungiyar tallafawa iyali ta Somali (SFSG), wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da ke kula da al'ummar Somaliya da kuma mafi girma a ƙasashen Afirka ta Kudu.   SFSG tana haɓaka tattaunawa da fahimtar juna tsakanin addinai, kuma tana ba da shawarar shigar mata cikin al'amura daban-daban. Hakanan tana ba da ayyuka daban-daban na zamantakewa, gami da cibiyar ba da shawara kan iyali, wayar da kan jama'a kan lafiya, taimakon neman aiki da kuma bita kan dabarun neman ƙwarewa. 

Ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Ƙungiyar Matan Musulmi ta Barnet.  A shekarar 2008, ta zama memba na Hukumar Ba da Shawara ta SAVE UK, wani shiri na Mata Ba Tare da Iyakoki ba .  Ibrahim kuma ɓangare ne na wasu ƙungiyoyi da kwamitoci daban-daban. Na ƙarshen sun haɗa da Ƙungiyar Ba da Shawara ta Matan Musulmi ta Ƙasa da Ƙungiyar Al'umma ta Ƙasa, wata ƙungiya mai ba da shawara ga Ma'aikatar Al'umma. 

Dangane da iliminta da gogewarta a fannin shari'a, gwamnatin riƙon ƙwarya ta Somaliya ta naɗa Ibrahim a cikin kwamitin ƙwararru (CoE) da aka ɗora wa alhakin shirya sabon daftarin kundin tsarin mulkin ƙasar a shekarar 2011. 

## Kyaututtuka
Saboda gudunmawar da ta bayar ga al'umma, an bai wa Ibrahim kyautar Sarauniya don hidimar sa-kai a shekarar 2004.  Ta sami kyautar Jakadan Zaman Lafiya a shekarar 2009. 

A shekarar 2010, ta lashe kyautar London Borough of Barnet Civic Award da kuma kyautar Community Engagement Award daga HAYA - Somali Organization da ke Landan. A wannan shekarar, an nada ta a matsayin memba na Order of the British Empire (MBE) saboda aikinta na al'umma tare da SFSG. 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Hukumar Ba da Shawara ta Burtaniya - Hanan Ibrahim
Sakinatou Abdou Alfa Orou Sidi

**Sakinatou Abdou Alfa Orou Sidi** masaniyar tattalin arziki ce 'yar ƙasar Benin kuma 'yar siyasa.

## Aiki
Sakinatou Abdou Alfa Orou Sidi ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Shugaban Ɗakin Kasuwanci da Masana'antu na Benin, inda take da alhakin nazari da nazarin batutuwan tattalin arziki. Daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin Mai Kula da Harkokin Cikin Gida sannan daga baya ta zama Babbar Manaja na Kamfanin Gudanarwa da Tsakani na Benin (SGI Benin).  Ta hau matsayin Darakta Janar na Asusun Tsaron Jama'a na Ƙasa a watan Yulin 2004. 

A watan Afrilun 2006, an naɗa ta Ministar Wakilta kan Ƙananan Kuɗi, Ƙananan Kasuwanci da Matsakaici, da kuma Aikin Matasa da Mata, tana aiki a ƙarƙashin Ministan Cigaba, Tattalin Arziki, da Kuɗi. Bayan sauyin gwamnati a watan Yunin 2007, an naɗa ta Ministar Ƙananan Kuɗi, Ƙananan Kasuwanci da Matsakaici, da Aikin Matasa da Mata.   Ta ci gaba da riƙe muƙaminta a lokacin gyaran majalisar ministoci a watan Nuwamban 2007, kuma ta bar gwamnati a watan Oktoban 2008. 

## Karramawa

* Kwamandar Order of Merit of Benin a shekarar 2011 
* Kwamandar Rundunar Sojojin Ƙasa ta Benin a shekarar 2010. 

## Duba kuma

* Yanayin Mata a Benin

## Manazarta
Rahma Guliye

**Rahma Bint Guliye,** kuma **Rahma Mohamed Guliye** , 'yar siyasar Somaliya ce kuma mai fafutuka a Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Somalia .  Ita ce Ministan Mata da 'Yancin Dan Adam na Jihar Hirshabelle, kuma ita ce 'yar majalisa ta farko ta Somaliya da aka zaba daga dangin Degodia.
An haifi Guliye a Mandera, Kenya.  Ta yi karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Moi, daga baya ta yi karatun ta zama kwararriyar masaniyar abinci mai gina jiki.  Daga 2007 zuwa 2010 ta yi aiki da Médecins Sans Frontières .  Ta kuma tara kudade masu yawa don kula da lafiya ga iyalai a cikin al'ummarta.   A ranar 2 ga Nuwamba, 2020 aka nada ta Shugabar Ma'aikata ga gwamnati.  Daga baya a wannan watan, a matsayinta na wakilin 'yan kabilar Kenya da Somaliya, ta kasance cikin wadanda suka kaddamar da tutar Degodia.  Daga baya ta musanta duk wata alaka da wata kungiyar ' yantar da Degodia. 

## Manazarta
Maryan Ahmed Ali

Maryan Ahmed Ali ( Somali ) 'yar siyasa ce daga yankin Puntland, wacce tsohuwar Ministar Ci gaban Mata da Harkokin Iyali ce a yanzu ( MoWDAFA ). Ta yi aiki a majalisar ministocin tsohon shugaban ƙasa Abdiweli Gaas . [1] A lokacin wa'adinta ta yi magana game da cin zarafin da ya shafi jinsi, musamman dangane da mace-macen mata da jarirai. [2] Haka kuma a ƙarƙashin mulkinta ne aka buɗe dakin gwaje-gwaje na binciken laifuka na Puntland, tare da taƙaitaccen bayani na tallafawa masu tilasta bin doka don gurfanar da ƙarin masu fyade. [3] Tunda ta yi aiki a matsayin ministar mata a yanzu. [4]

A watan Disamba na 2018 ta ƙaddamar da Shirin Ayyukan Puntland ga Yara.  A cikin wannan watan ne ta ƙaddamar da bikin farko na Puntland a Ranar Kawar da Cin Zarafin Mata ta Duniya .   Sakamakon zaɓen 2019, Amina Hajji Osman ta gaje ta a matsayin shugabar Ofishin Kare Hakkin Bil Adama na Puntland, amma ta sha kaye a hannun Mar Said Mumin  

## Manazarta
Waƙar ta cika daidai

**Kavita** Sidhu (an haife ta a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba 1971) 'Yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta ƙasar Malaysia kuma tsohuwar sarauniyar kyau. Asalin Punjabi ne na ƙasar Indiya .

## aiki
Kyawun Kavita Kaur Sidhu, wacce ta lashe kyautar Miss Charm International a shekarar 1990, ya jawo hankali tun lokacin da ta shiga duniyar tallan kayan kawa a farkon shekarun 1980 yayin da take karatu a Kuala Lumpur.  Tana da matukar bukatar mujallu na manyan mujallu na Malaysia kamar Her World, Female, Jelita da Wanita saboda fuskarta mai daukar hoto. Sau da yawa ana ganinsa ba wai kawai a cikin bugawa ba har ma a talabijin. A ƙarshen shekarun 1980, kyawunta ya shahara ta hanyar tallace-tallace na Palmolive mai juyin juya hali. Kavita Sidhu, wacce tsayinta ya kai santimita 180, ita ma ta haskaka a duniyar tafiya ta kyanwa da salonta. 

An saka ta a cikin Littafin Tarihi na Malaysia a matsayin mace 'yar Malaysia ta farko da ta lashe gasar kyau ta duniya. Duk da cewa 'yan mata da yawa suna da'awar cewa su masu zane ne, amma duniyar kwalliya tana ɗaukarta a matsayin mace mai gaskiya da riƙon amana a Malaysia. Ta fi kowacce a jerin mafi kyawun masu zane a Malaysia, musamman idan ana maganar yawon kyanwa da ɗaukar hoto. 

Sidhu ya yi aiki a matsayin mai yin kwalliya ga Jean-Louis Scherer a Paris da kuma Escadra a Munich. A shekarar 2009, ta yi bikin Grand Prix na salon salon salon salon Style a kasar Malaysia, inda ta yi ado da kayan ado mai daraja 100 million Malaysian Ringgit da aka yi da kamfanin Mowawad. Ko da yake ta fi sani da kasancewa actress, singer, da kuma mai samar da fina-finai, amma Malaysian fashion duniya tana dauke da ita a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi shahararrun model a kasar, kuma watakila daya daga cikin na farko 'supermodel' a kasar.

### aiki
Ya yi fina-finan Malaysia kamar *Layar Lara*, *Mimpi Moon* da *Pontianak Harum Sundal Malam 1 da 2.*  Ta kuma fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na *Fat Girls Revenge* wanda Theater Actors Studio ya shirya.

### Shiga cikin duniyar fashion
A shekarar 2010, Sidhu ya ƙaddamar da nasa kamfanin tufafi (Clothing line) a Stylo Fashion Grand Prisk KL. A shekarar 2014, an zaɓe ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara kayan kwalliya na Makon Kayan Ado na Kuala Lumpur.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
A watan Janairun 2016, Sidhu ya yi aure da masanin ilimin ƙasa na Italiya Roberto Guiati. An yi bikin aurensu a Grand Hyatt Kuala Lumpur. 

## Jagorar fim

### fim

## Manazarta
Priscilla Otti

Priscilla Otti (an haife ta a ranar 22 ga Disamba, 1970) 'yar siyasa ce kuma 'yar kasuwa a Najeriya . Ita ce Uwargidan Shugaban Kasa ta Jihar Abia a yanzu a matsayin matar Alex Otti, gwamnan Jihar.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Priscilla Otti a ranar 22 ga Disamba, 1970, a Aba, Jihar Abia . Ta yi karatun sakandare a Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata da ke Aba, sannan daga baya ta yi karatun tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka .  

Bayan kammala karatunta, ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin banki kafin ta zama 'yar kasuwa. 

A matsayinta na Uwargidan Shugaban Kasa, ta kasance mai fafutukar kare hakkin 'yan mata da mata, da kuma yaki da cin zarafin mata bisa ga jinsi, kuma ta kasance mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata .   Ta kuma tallafawa harkokin kula da yara ta hanyar bayar da gudummawa, kuma ta shiga cikin ci gaban al'umma ta hanyar kaddamar da ayyukan ilimi da kiwon lafiya a Jihar Abia.   

A shekarar 2026, ta yi aiki tare a wani shiri mai suna "Flow with Confidence Sanitary Pad Initiative" tare da uwargidan shugaban Najeriya, Remi Tinubu, wani shiri da aka yi niyya don inganta tsafta da lafiyar jinin al'ada tsakanin 'yan mata a makarantu. 

A matsayinta na 'yar kasuwa, ita ce Shugabar Kamfanin Silhouette Fashion House, wata alama ta kayan kwalliya ta mata.  

Tana da aure da Alex Otti kuma suna da 'ya'ya uku. 

## Manazarta
Nisreen Elsaim

Nisreen Elsaim ( Larabci : نسرين الصائم) yar gwagwarmayar sauyin yanayi ce kuma mai yin shawarwari akan yanayi.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Elsaim a Sudan kuma an girma shi a Khartoum . Tun yana yaro, Elsaim yana mu'amala da yanayi akai-akai, sau da yawa yana wasa a bakin kogin White Nile da Blue Nile, waɗanda ke haɗuwa a Khartoum. [1]

Elsaim yana da digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin fasahar makamashi mai sabuntawa daga Jami'ar Khartoum .  

## Sana'a
A shekarar 2012,  saboda zanga-zangar da ta yi a shekararta ta farko a Jami'ar Khartoum, gwamnati ta rufe makarantar na tsawon watanni uku da rabi. A wannan lokacin da ba ta zuwa aji, Elsaim ta fara sha'awar diflomasiyyar kimiyya kuma ta fara aikin sa kai a Ƙungiyar Kare Muhalli ta Sudan .  

A shekarar 2016, ta kafa kungiyar matasa ta Sudan Youth Organization for Climate Change (SYOCC).  Ta ci gaba da zama shugabar kungiyar har zuwa shekarar 2021. 

Zuwa shekarar 2018, Elsaim ya shiga cikin ƙungiyar Pan African Climate Justice Alliance, kuma yana aiki a matsayin ƙaramin mai shiga tsakani tare da ƙungiyar Afirka ta Masu Tattaunawa kan Sauyin Yanayi (AGN). 

A shekarar 2019, ta halarci taron Muryoyin Matasa na Abu Dhabi. Bayan taron, an gayyace ta don ta haɗu da shirya taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan sauyin yanayi na matasa na 2019.  

Elsaim ita ce shugabar ƙungiyar ba da shawara ta matasa ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Sauyin Yanayi daga 2020 zuwa 2022, wadda Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya António Guterres ya shirya, bayan naɗin da ƙungiyar Pan African Climate Justice Alliance ta yi mata.   Da take magana kan abin da ya faru a shekarar 2023, ta lura cewa duk da cewa ta ji cewa ƙungiyar ba da shawara "ta sauya al'adar da ke tattare da shigar matasa cikin harkar," ta kuma ga abin takaici ne "bin ƙa'idodin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya maimakon yin aiki a matsayin masu fafutuka masu zaman kansu". 

## Ganewa da kyaututtuka
An ba Elsaim kyautar tallafin karatu a Kwalejin Robert Bosch da ke Jamus har zuwa Nuwamba 2024.  

Kyaututtukan sun haɗa da:

* Taron Matasa Masu Fafutukar Juriya na 2023 
* Yuni 2024 Kofi Annan NextGen wanda ya lashe kyautar Dimokuradiyya; Gidauniyar Kofi Annan da Gidauniyar Dimokuradiyya da Al'adu suka shirya. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Elsaim ya shiga juyin juya halin Sudan a shekarar 2018 da 2019. 

Wata guda bayan fara yakin basasar Sudan a watan Afrilun 2023, Elsaim da iyalinta, ciki har da mijinta da ɗanta ɗan wata tara, dole ne su gudu daga Sudan don kare lafiyarsu.  Surukinta, wanda ya tsaya a wurin, ya mutu jim kaɗan bayan haka.  Tun daga lokacin ta koma ƙasar na ɗan lokaci, amma ba zuwa Khartoum ba.  

Tun lokacin da aka fara yakin basasar Sudan, ta zauna a Landan, Paris, Florence,  da Berlin. 

## Duba kuma
 

* Climate change in Sudan

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Jawabin Nisreen Elsaim a shirin For Women in Science a YouTube
Song of the Swallows

**Song of the Swallows** littafi ne na yara wanda Leo Politiki ya rubuta kuma ya kwatanta shi. Scribner ne ya buga shi, shi ne mai karɓar lambar yabo ta Caldecott don zane a cikin 1950. 

## Labari
Littafin ya ba da labarin Juan wanda ke zaune a wani gidan adobe wanda ke kusa da Mission San Juan Capistrano. Ba shi da nisa da makarantar. A gaskiya ma, Juan abokai ne nagari da Julian wanda tsohon mai kararrawa ne kuma mai lambu wanda bai da tabbas game da ƙaurar haywida zuwa tsibiri mai lumana a lokacin bazara. Julian ya bayyana wa Juan yadda Saint Francis da 'yan uwansa suka kafa wannan kyakkyawan aikin, musamman Father Junipero Serra. Ya kuma bayyana wa yaron Sipaniya yadda ba shi da tabbas game da ƙaurar dangin haywida. Juan da Julian suna son haywida (las golondrinas) sosai kuma ba sa son su bar Mission San Juan Capistrano. Shi da abokinsa suna ciyar da ƙananan guntu na burodi da Julian ke adanawa a aljihunsa. Tsuntsaye da yawa suna bayyana a cikin lambun, ciki har da hummingbirds, sparrows, white kurciyoyi da musamman haywida. A lokacin bazara, yana shuka lambu a lokacin hutunsa. Babu wani abu mafi ban sha'awa a ga dangin haywida suna gida a cikin lambun jarumin. Ɗaya daga cikin yaran ya gaya wa ɗayan abin mamaki tafiya da tsakuwa ke yi daga Kudancin Amurka don yin lokacin bazara a California a lokacin Ranar St. Joseph don kallon dangin tsakuwa suna ƙaura daga San Juan Capistrano zuwa tsibiri mai zaman lafiya. A Ranar Saint Joseph, mafarkin Juan ya cika wanda ya kai ga inda Juan da Julian suka sanar da kowa a ƙauyen ta hanyar buga kararrawa na Mission San Juan Capistrano tare. Iyalan tsakuwa sun sami gida a cikin baka na aikin kafin lokacin rani ya fara. Wata rana, wata jaririya ta faɗi daga gidan kuma Juan ya shaida girgizar lamarin tare da abokansa masu gashin fuka-fukai. Iyayensa/iyayensa ba su ƙi ɗan karen ba kwata-kwata bayan Juan ya cece shi/ita. Kowa yana shirin Ranar Saint Joseph ta hanyar yin ado da biki kafin lokacin rani ya iso ƙauyen. Juan yana rera waƙar "Las Golondrinas" kafin ya dasa lambunsa don tsakuwa su yi gida a lokacin hutunsa. A Ranar Saint Joseph, yaran suna rera waƙar "The Swallow Song" tare yayin da suke tare da Juan a lambu. Juan ya koma gidansa na adobe ya lura da ƙaurar da tsawar da suka yi a lambunsa a kan wani daji na fure wanda ya bayyana kusa da Mission San Juan Capistrano. Kullum za su dawo Mission San Juan Capistrano a lokacin bazara duk da cewa ya ji Julian yana rera waƙar tsawar da yaran suka rera a Ranar Saint Joseph.

## Nassoshi
Owl Moon

***Owl Moon*** littafi ne na yara na Jane Yolen wanda John Schoenherr ya rubuta kuma ya zana shi. Ya lashe kyaututtuka da dama, musamman Caldecott Medal saboda zane-zanensa,  kuma ya fito a shirin talabijin na jama'a *[[Karatun bakan gizo|mai suna Reading Rainbow]]* . An fassara shi zuwa harsunan waje sama da goma sha biyu, ciki har da Faransanci, Jamusanci, Sinanci, da Koriyanci . A shekarar 1989, Weston Woods Studios ta daidaita littafin zuwa fim mai rai wanda Yolen ya bayar da labarinsa.

Yolen ta bayyana littafin a matsayin labari mai kyau na iyali, tana cewa "Ya shafi wata yarinya da mahaifinta. Yawanci labaran wata ƙaramar yarinya suna tare da mahaifiyarta. Yana da laushi amma mai ban sha'awa, shiru amma cike da sauti." 

## Labari
Labarin ya ta'allaka ne da wani uba wanda ya fitar da ɗansa yana mujiya a karon farko a daren hunturu mai sanyi, inda suka haɗu da wata babbar mujiya mai ƙaho . Duk da cewa rubutun bai bayyana jinsin yarinyar ba, kwafin jaket ɗin ya ambaci haruffan a matsayin "ƙaramin yarinya da mahaifinta". A cewar gidan yanar gizon Yolen, yarinyar a zahiri 'yar Yolen ce Heidi. Halin "Pa" ya dogara ne akan mijinta, David, wanda yake mai son waje kuma mai kallon tsuntsaye kuma wanda Yolen ta yaba masa game da saninta game da yanayi.  

## Nassoshi
Yousra Elbagir

**Yousra Elbagir** 'yar jarida ce kuma marubuciya 'yar Sudan-Birtaniya. Ita ce wakiliyar Afirka a gidan rediyon Sky News na Burtaniya.   

## Shekarun farko da ilimi
An haifi Elbagir a Khartoum ga wani ɗan jarida kuma uba ɗan siyasa ɗan ƙasar Sudan, kuma ga mahaifiya mai wallafa littattafai kuma ɗan kasuwa. An san mahaifiyarta a matsayin mace ta farko da ta buga littattafai a Sudan. Ta girma a Burtaniya har zuwa lokacin da take da shekaru 8, lokacin da iyalinta suka ƙaura zuwa Sudan . Ta koma Landan tana da shekaru 16, a can ta sami digirinta na A kuma ta kammala karatunta a Jami'ar St Andrews da lambar yabo bayan ta karanci ilimin zamantakewa da zamantakewa.   

## Aikin Jarida
Elbagir ta fara aikin jarida ta hanyar shiga cikin wallafe-wallafen ɗalibai a lokacin karatunta a St Andrews. 

Elbagir ta koma Sudan a shekarar 2015 bayan karatunta don yin horo a matsayin 'yar jarida a fannin na tsawon shekara ɗaya da rabi.     Tana aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto mai zaman kansa a Khartoum kuma furodusa ce ga Elephant Media.  An nuna ayyukanta a HBO, Channel 4, BBC Africa, BBC Radio 4, CNN, The Financial Times da The Guardian .     

Elbagir sananne ne saboda ƙaddamar da kamfen ɗin kafofin watsa labarai na #SudanUnderSanction na kan layi inda mata da mazan Sudan suka tattauna tasirin takunkumin ciniki da aka sanya wa Sudan. 

A shekarar 2019, Elbagir ta ba da rahoto game da juyin juya halin Sudan yayin da take aiki a tashar Channel 4. Ta soki matakan farko na sauyin hukumomi na Sudan zuwa dimokuradiyya, tana mai cewa, "Game da ci gaban siyasa na farko da aka samu a cikin shekaru da dama, ware mata abin dariya ne. ... Mata su ne dalilin da ya sa zaman dar-dar na masu goyon bayan dimokuradiyya ya ci gaba na tsawon kusan watanni biyu. Sun gudanar da asibitoci na wucin gadi, suna ciyar da masu zanga-zangar azumi kowace rana a lokacin Ramadan, suna kwana a wuraren bincike suna neman mata masu zanga-zanga." 

A shekarar 2022,  Elbagir ya shiga Sky News a matsayin wakilinta na Afirka. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Elbagir ƙanwar 'yar jaridar CNN mai lambar yabo ce kuma wakiliyar talabijin Nima Elbagir .  

## Kyaututtuka

* A shekarar 2016, an ba Elbagir kyautar 2016 Thomson Foundation & Foreign Press Association Young Journalist Award saboda cikakken rahotonta kan tasirin takunkumin da Amurka ta sanya wa Sudan.    
* A shekarar 2017, an saka ta a cikin jerin mata 100 na OkayAfrica .  

## Manazarta
Always Room for One More

Littafin ***Always Room for One More*** littafi ne na hotuna na yara wanda Sorche Nic Leodhas ya rubuta tare da zane-zane na Nonny Hogrogian . Henry Holt and Company ne ya buga shi, ya lashe lambar yabo ta Caldecott saboda ƙwarewa a zane-zanen adabin yara na Amurka a shekarar 1966.  Yana ba da labarin Lachie MacLachlan, wani mutum ɗan Scotland mai karimci, wanda koyaushe yana maraba da duk wani matafiyi da ya gaji da ya zo kusa da gidansa a cikin dare mai cike da guguwa. Littafin ya dogara ne akan wata tsohuwar waƙar gargajiya ta Scotland wadda marubucin ya ji daga kakanta tun yana ƙarama.

## Takaitaccen Bayani
Ɗan asalin ƙasar Scotland mai kirki Lachie MacLachlan yana zaune a wani ƙaramin gida tare da matarsa da 'ya'yansa goma. Duk lokacin da wani matafiyi ya wuce a lokacin guguwa, Lachie, duk da ƙaramin wurin gidansa, yana barin su su zauna. Ba da daɗewa ba, gidan ya cika da ɗimbin matafiya, amma gidan bai iya ɗaukar baƙi da yawa ba kuma ya ruguje. Bayan haka, baƙi suka gina wa Lachie da iyalinsa gida mafi girma, kuma labarin ya ƙare da Lachie ya ci gaba da maraba da matafiya zuwa gidansa.

## Nassoshi
The Cow-Tail Switch, and Other West African Stories

Littafin "***The Cow-Tail Switch***", da Sauran Labarun Yammacin Afirka, wani littafi ne na tatsuniyar Afirka ta Yamma da Harold Courlander da George Herzog suka shirya a shekarar 1947, kuma Madye Lee Chastain ne ya zana shi. An buga labaran da dama a wasu ayyukan. Littafin ya sami lambar yabo ta Newbery Honor a shekarar 1947. 

## Labarai
Tushe: 

* *Maɓallin Hannu da Wutsiya* - wanda Herzog ( Liberiya ) ya yi rikodin
* *Bangon Kaddo* - Leo Frobenius ya rubuta, daga *Atlantis: Volksmärchen und Volksdichtungen Afrikas* ( Togo )
* An yi rikodin *tattaunawa* - Courtlander ( Ashanti )
* *Wanda Ba Ka Gani Yana Zuwa* - wanda Herzog da Charles C. Blooah suka rubuta, daga *Jabo Proverbs daga Gabashin Liberia* ( Laberiya )
* *Kassa the Strong One* - wanda Frobenius ya rubuta, daga *Atlantis: Volksmärchen und Volksdichtungen Afrikas* ( Mende )
* *Balaguron Kamun Kifi na Anansi* - RS Rattray ya rubuta, daga *Akan-Ashanti Folk Tales* ( Ghana )
* *Younde Ta Je Gari* - WH Barker da C. Sinclair ne suka yi rikodin, daga *West African Folk Talkes* ( Ghana )
* *Kunkuru Mai Suna* - wanda Barker da Sinclair suka yi rikodin, daga *West African Folk Talkes* ( Ghana )
* *Lokaci* - Herzog ( Liberiya ) ya rubuta
* *Manzon Maftam* - wanda LJB Bérenger-Féraud ya rubuta, daga *Les peuplades de la Sénégambie* ( Soninke )
* *Kaza da Zomo na Guinea Sun Sami Adalci* - wanda AW Cardiall ya rubuta daga *Tales Told in Togoland* ( Togo )
* *Anansi da Babu Abin da Yake Neman Mata* - Barker da Sinclair ne suka yi rikodin, daga *West African Folk Talkes* ( Ghana )
* *Yadda Soko Ya Kai Bashi Ga Ashanti* - Kotun Kotu ( Asante ) ta rubuta
* *Gizo-gizo Mai Yunwa da Kunkuru* - wanda Courtlander ( Asante ) ya rubuta
* *Dutsen Jefa* - wanda Courtlander ( Ghana ) ya rubuta
* *Ansige Karamba, Glutton* - Frobenius (Karamba) ya rubuta
* *Kada Ku Gaisa Da Kowa* - Herzog da Blooah ne suka rubuta, daga *Jabo Proverbs daga Gabashin Liberia* ( Liberiya )

## Liyafar maraba
Baya ga samun lambar yabo ta Newbery Honor, littafin ya samu karbuwa sosai. Mujallar Littafin Horn Book Magazine ta sanya shi a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyawun littattafai na 1947 a cikin rukunin Tatsuniyoyi na Al'adu da Aljanu.  Jaridar New York Times ta yi imanin cewa littafin zai burge manya, kuma yana cewa iyaye ya kamata su karanta labaran da babbar murya don "dukkan iyalin su ji daɗin dandanon su na musamman".  A cikin sharhinsa, masanin tatsuniyoyi William Bascom ya yanke hukunci cewa "yana gabatar da zane-zane da sharhi kan ingantattun tatsuniyoyi na Afirka".  Masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam Melville J. Herskovits ya yaba wa littafin sosai, yana cewa "Abin da muke da shi a cikin wannan aikin, a takaice, ya ƙunshi wani nau'i na " *ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da aka yi amfani da shi* " wanda masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ba sa gane darajarsa.  Masu bita sun kuma yaba da hotunan Chatain: Sharhin Book Links ya kira yanka katako na Chastain "kyakkyawan tsari",  da Alice Dalgliesh, suna rubutu don Iyaye, sun ce "kayan ado ne kuma na gaske". Dalgliesh ya kuma ce *Talk* shine labarin da ya fi fice a cikin tarihin. 

## Manazarta
Hor ɗan Punesh

**Hor ɗan Punesh**  (ko **Pwenesh** )  masihirci ne daga tsoffin adabin Masar .

## Majiyoyi
An sanya wa Hor suna a cikin rubutun Blacas papyrus mai guntu daga kwata na uku na ƙarni na 5 BC, wanda aka gano a Saqqara kuma yanzu yana Landan.  Wannan rubutun yana cikin harshen Aramaic na Imperial .  An karanta sunan Hor a matsayin *ḥr-pa-pꜣ-wnš*,  amma akwai rashin tabbas game da *ḥr* . Sunan 'Bar Punesh' a bayyane yake.  Haka kuma ana iya fassara shi "ɗan kerkeci".  An ambaci Hor a gefe ɗaya kawai na littafin papyrus kuma ba a san ko rubutun da ke ɗayan ɓangaren yana cikin labarin ɗaya ba.  

An kuma ambaci Hor (ko Horus) a cikin gutsuttsuran papyrus na Masar guda goma sha biyar ta hannun akalla marubuta uku daban-daban, waɗanda yanzu haka ake ajiye su a Berlin.  Ba a buga su ba, amma Karl-Theodor Zauzich ya bayyana su.  Yana iya zama mutum ɗaya da Horus ɗan Paneshe wanda aka ambata a cikin tatsuniyar Demotic *Setne Khamwas da Si-Osire*, wanda aka adana a kan papyrus daga ƙarni na 1 BC, wataƙila na Crocodilopolis, wanda yanzu yake a Landan. 

## Labarai
Arthur Ernest Cowley ne ya rubuta labarin Aramaic mai cike da tarihi na Bar Punesh kuma ya fassara shi zuwa Turanci.  A cikin sigar Aramaic, Bar Punesh mai sihiri ne wanda ya sanar da bala'i mai zuwa. Wannan da alama martani ne ga kisan 'ya'yansa maza da wani sarki ya yi, wanda, idan aka yi la'akari da yanayin rubutun, zai iya zama ko dai sarkin Masar ko wani.  Kasadar masu sihiri batu ne da aka saba ji a cikin tsoffin adabin Masar. 

A cikin taƙaitaccen bayanin Cowley, Bar Punesh "ya yi wani aiki mai kyau wanda sarki ya ba shi lada mai kyau".  Terence Mitchell shi ma, yana ganinsa a matsayin "yana ganawa da Fir'auna".  Bugun Bezalel Porten da Ada Yardeni sun yarda, inda Bar Punesh ya sanya "shugaban rundunar sarakuna, ya kuma sanya shi cikin hafsoshi". Rubutun Demotic ya bayyana cewa abokin gaba na Bar Punesh sarki ne na ƙasashen waje. 

Guraben Demotic sun nuna Hor ɗan Punesh a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin firistocin Ra a Heliopolis . Labarunsa suna cikin wani zagaye daban da na Manyan Firistoci na Ptah a Memphis . Babban abokin hamayyarsa shine sarkin Meroë . Hanyoyin sihirinsa sun haɗa da Littafin Thoth da siffofi masu ƙarfi.  A cikin *Setne Khamwas da Si-Osire*, ya kare Fir'auna Ramesses na Biyu daga wasu masu sihiri na Meroite. 

Ko da yake mafi tsufan shaidarsa tana cikin takardar Aramaic, Hor ɗan Punesh dole ne ya zama wani abu na adabi na Masar. Fassara da daidaita labarinsa zuwa Aramaic, harshen da ake amfani da shi a gabas kamar Indiya, ya nuna cewa adabin Demotic ba a iyakance shi ga ƙaramin fitattu ba.

## Bayanan kula
Ebyevugo

**Ebyevugo** wani nau'in waƙar baki ne a cikin yaren Runyankore, wanda mutanen Banyankore na kudu maso yammacin Uganda ke magana da shi.   An tsara Ebyevugo galibi don yabon shanu, amarya, jarumai, da shugabannin siyasa. Suna nuna ayyukan gargajiya, dabi'u, da tarihin Banyankore kafin mulkin mallaka, musamman Bahima, waɗanda ke kiwon shanu.  

## Tarihi
Wataƙila Ebyevugo ya samo asali ne daga tarukan jama'a a gidajen mutane ko liyafar giya, inda mutane ke taruwa don yin magana da raba abubuwan da suka faru. Haka kuma ana amfani da Ebyevugo a matsayin nau'in nishaɗi, ilimi, da zamantakewa. Ebyevugo yana da alaƙa da ibyivugo, waƙar yabo ta mutanen Banyarwanda na Rwanda, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da harshe da al'adu da Banyankore. Dukansu ebyevugo da ibyivugo suna da halaye waɗanda ke nuna bambanci tsakanin manyan masu kiwon shanu ( Bahima / Batutsi ) da kuma mafi yawan manoma (Bairu/Bahutu) a zamanin mulkin mallaka. 

## Aiki
Mawakan Ebyevugo ne ke yin su, waɗanda ake kira abevugyi, waɗanda ke da ƙwarewa, kerawa, da kuma ikon haddace da kuma karanta waƙoƙin. Wasan kwaikwayon ebyevugo yawanci yana tare da kayan kida, kamar ganguna, sarewa, da ƙaho.  Wasan kwaikwayon kuma yana da alaƙa, yayin da masu sauraro ke amsa kiran mawaƙin da waƙoƙi, tafi, ko ihu. Wasan kwaikwayon Ebyevugo yana da tasiri ga mahallin, taron, da masu sauraro. Har yanzu ana rera Ebyevugo a ƙauyen Ankole, a gidaje da wuraren giya, amma mafi yawan lokutan wasan kwaikwayon su shine okuhingira, bikin sadaki da/ko bikin aure.  

## Muhimmanci
Ebyevugo yana da matuƙar muhimmanci wajen kiyayewa da kuma yaɗa al'adun Banyankore, asalinsu, da tarihi. Ebyevugo yana murnar kyau, ƙarfi, da dukiyar Banyankore, musamman shanunsu masu daraja. Ebyevugo kuma yana yaba wa jarumtaka, jarumtaka, da nasarorin jaruman Banyankore da shugabannin siyasa, kamar sarakuna da sarakuna. Ebyevugo yana da alaƙa da halaye da halayen mutanen Banyankole kuma yana da mahimmanci ga rayuwarsu. An koya musu maza 'yan al'umma tun suna ƙanana, kuma sun girma suna sanin yadda ake tsara su da kuma girmama su. 

## Duba kuma
Eloko

**Eloko** (pl. *Biloko* ) kalma ce a cikin harshen Mongo-Nkundo da ke nufin wani nau'in halitta mai kama da dwarf da ke zaune a cikin dazuzzuka. Ana kyautata zaton su ruhohin kakannin mutanen da ke zaune a can ne.

## Halaye
Biloko suna zaune a cikin mafi duhun dajin ruwan sama a tsakiyar Zaïre, suna tsare dukiyarsu cikin kishi da tsoro: farautar da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu wuya na daji. Tatsuniyar ta nuna cewa suna mamaye dajin ne saboda suna da ɗan ƙiyayya don zama tare da masu rai kuma gabaɗaya suna da mugunta. Biloko suna zaune a cikin bishiyoyi masu rami kuma suna sanye da ganye kawai. Ba su da gashi; ciyawa ce kawai ke tsiro a jikinsu; suna da idanu masu hudawa, hanci da baki waɗanda za a iya buɗewa sosai don shigar da jikin ɗan adam, ko a raye ko a mace, da kuma dogayen farce masu kaifi. Suna da ƙananan kararrawa, waɗanda, a Afirka ta Tsakiya, ana kyautata zaton suna iya yin sihiri ga masu wucewa. Samun laya ko sihiri na iya ba da kariya daga wannan nau'in sihiri. 

## Tatsuniyoyi
Mafarauta marasa tsoro ne kawai ake kyautata zaton suna shiga cikin zurfin dajin kuma suna rayuwa don ba da labarin. Ana cewa mafarauta suna da sihiri mai ƙarfi wanda ke ba su damar jurewa. Akwai labarai da yawa game da mata waɗanda ke dagewa kan haɗuwa da mazajensu a cikin dajin amma sai su suma da zarar sun ga Eloko na farko.

Wata tatsuniya ta Eloko, wadda masanin harsunan Bantu Jan Knappert ya ambata, ta ce:Wata rana wani mafarauci ya kai matarsa cikin daji, bisa ga dagewarta, inda yake da bukka mai faffadan gida a kusa da shi. Da ya fita don duba tarkonsa, sai ya ce mata: "Idan kin ji kararrawa, kada ki motsa. Idan kin yi, za ki mutu!" Ba da daɗewa ba bayan tafiyarsa, sai ta ji ƙarar ƙaramar ƙararrawa tana matsowa, domin Eloko yana da hanci mai kyau ga jikin mace. A ƙarshe, wata murya mai laushi ta nemi a bar ta ta shiga ɗakinsa. Kamar muryar yaro ne. Matar ta buɗe ƙofar sai ga Eloko, tana da ƙamshi kamar dajin, tana kama da ƙarama kuma ba ta da laifi. Ta ba shi ayaba da aka dafa da kifi soyayye amma ya ƙi: "Muna cin naman ɗan adam ne kawai. Ban daɗe da cin abinci ba. Ba ni ɗan hannunki." A ƙarshe matar ta yarda, a ƙarƙashin sihirin Eloko. A wannan daren, mijin ya sami ƙasusuwanta. 

## Al'adar da ta shahara
A cikin littafin *Bacchanal* na shekarar 2021 na Veronica G. Henry, ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan jaruman shine eloko wanda ake kira Eloko. An bayyana shi a matsayin na ƙarshe daga cikin irinsa daga Zaire kuma koyaushe yana jin yunwar naman ɗan adam duk da cewa an hana shi cin sa. 

Littafin Bethany C. Morrow na shekarar 2021, *A Chorus Rises*, yana da babban hali, Naema, wacce ake kira eloko amma ba ta da halaye na tatsuniyoyi na yau da kullun. 

Eloko ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai adawa a cikin jerin littattafan *Dark Star* na Marlon James kuma ya bayyana a cikin littattafan Black Leopard, Red Wolf da Moon Witch, Spider King .

## Nassoshi
Agbada

**Agbada** ( Yoruba   ) lit. .: *Riga, Mantle*,  ita ce rigar da al'ummar Yarabawa ke sawa a Yammacin Afirka. Tana zuwa da mayafi mai tsayi daban-daban kuma tana zuwa da rigar ƙasa ta wando na asali mai suna Shokoto. Haka kuma ana sawa a mafi yawan lokuta da huluna daban-daban kamar Fila, Abeti Aja da sauransu. Ana sawa lu'ulu'u na gargajiya na Yarabawa a mafi yawan lokuta. Tufafi ne na maza da ake sawa don tarurruka na musamman da rayuwar yau da kullun, ya danganta da kyawun rigar. Riga ce ta musamman da ke zuwa cikin salo da ƙira daban-daban 

An yi Agbada da yawa da yadi na Asooke (Aso ofi), amma ana iya yin sa a wasu yadi daban-daban na gida da na ƙasashen waje, waɗanda suka haɗa da; Adire, Brocade, Damask, da Laces . Agbada yana kama da babban boubou / Babanriga gabaɗaya, amma yana da bambance-bambance a cikin cikakkun bayanai kamar salo, siffa, yadi na gargajiya da kayan da ake amfani da su kuma ana iya bambanta su sosai. Agbada yawanci yana da kayan aikin hannu na asali na Yarabawa, tare da alamu na alama kamar Babban ƙulli na asali ga Al'adun Yarabawa. Agbada yana ɗaya daga cikin Tufafin Yarabawa, wasu sun haɗa da Gbariye, Sulia, Oyala, Kembe, da sauransu.  Gbariye yana kusa da Agbada kuma sau da yawa ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin nau'in Agbada.

## Tarihi
Agbada wani nau'in Kaftan ne, wanda aka kawo shi Afirka, a lokacin da Musulunci ya mamaye Arewacin Afirka, a ƙarni na 7.  . A ƙarni na 12, manyan mutane da matsakaitan mutane sun fara amfani da shi a ƙasar Morocco,   da kuma al'ummomin Maghreb. Kuma a ƙarni na 16 ya zama ruwan dare ga ƙananan a cikin waɗannan al'ummomin.  Berber, da 'yan kasuwa Larabawa sun yi tafiya a cikin hamada don cinikin gishiri, zane, da sauran kayayyaki da aka ƙera don musanya da zinariya, bayi da sauran kayayyaki a Yammacin Afirka a lokacin cinikin Trans Sahara, wannan ya kawo Kaftan, ko Boubou zuwa Yammacin Afirka .

Mujallar Manchester Geographical Society ta 1885 ta yi imanin cewa an kawo Agbada ga Yarabawa ta hanyar Peuls ko Fulani a matsayin wani nau'in tufafin " Muhammadu ", kamar yadda aka ambata a ƙasa.

## Nassoshi
Aso Olona

**Aso Olona** wani yadi ne na gargajiya na Yarabawa wanda aka sani da tsarin siffofi masu rikitarwa da mahimmancin al'adu, musamman a tsakanin ƙungiyar Ijebu .  Kalmar "Aso Olona" tana fassara zuwa "yadi mai siffofi" a cikin yaren Yarabawa.  Aso Olona yadi ne da aka saka da hannu wanda zai iya zuwa da siffofi kamar hawainiya, kunkuru da kifin laka. 

Ana saka Aso Olona da alamomi masu ma'ana.  Ana amfani da ita a cikin kayan gargajiya na Yarabawa daban-daban, gami da Kaja ko Pakaja, kayan Yarabawa da aka lulluɓe. Haka kuma, ana amfani da Aso Olona don Iro ati Buba, haɗin riga mai laushi da babban mayafi. Hakanan ana haɗa shi da kayan haɗi kamar Gele (taye-taye), Ipele (shawl), kuma ana ƙawata shi da beads da kayan ado waɗanda ke da mahimmancin al'adu. 

Aso Olona Ipales da ake kira Itagbe sun shahara musamman a bukukuwan Ogboni. Ana amfani da wannan zane a matsayin zane mai taken al'ummar Ogboni/Oshugbo, wacce ƙungiya ce mai ƙarfi da sirri ta dattawa da shugabanni a cikin al'ummar Yarabawa. Haka kuma sarakuna, firistoci, da membobin al'umma suna sanya shi a lokutan musamman, kamar bukukuwa, bukukuwa, da al'adu. Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin gado mai mahimmanci da kuma alamar iko da daraja.  Wannan zane ba wai kawai salon zamani ba ne, har ma yana wakiltar asali da gado.  Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin manyan bukukuwa da bukukuwa, yana nuna alaƙar mai sawa da al'adun Yarabawa. 

An yi cinikin Aso Olona sosai a yankin Neja Delta tun ƙarni na 15, Turawan Portugal sun fitar da waɗannan yadi zuwa Brazil a matsayin kayayyaki na kasuwanci, waɗanda aka sani da "pano da costa" (yadi daga bakin teku).  Daga cikin siffofi na geometric da zoomorphic akwai na hawainiya, alamar ƙasa ta Ijebu Yorubas.  'Yan kasuwar Ijebu sun sayar da Aso Olona a tsakiyar ƙarni na 19 ga Ijaws waɗanda suka kuma sayar da shi ga igbos don a yi shi a garin Akwete kuma an yi masa lakabi da " Akwete " ko Ndoki bisa ga garin Ndoki a Akwete ko Ikaki daga Ijaws saboda hawainiya ko kunkuru na gama gari.   An daraja shi saboda kyawunsa da ƙirarsa masu rikitarwa. 

A zamanin yau, Aso Olona ta ci gaba da zaburar da masu zane-zane kuma ana amfani da ita ta hanyoyi daban-daban na ƙirƙira, tun daga tufafi na gargajiya zuwa kayan kwalliya na zamani, kayan adon gida, har ma a cikin kayan fasaha. Sauƙin amfani da kyawunta da kuma kyawunta mara iyaka sun sa ta zama abin sha'awa a cikin Najeriya da kuma a duniyar kayan kwalliya.

## Nassoshi
Ayagunna

**Ajagunda** ita ce hanya mafi ƙaranci, ko kuma avatar, ta Sama Uba Obatala a cikin Lukumi ( Santería ).  A cikin wannan bayyanar, Obatala matashi ne wanda ke yaƙi da wani mai sihiri. An yaba masa da yaɗa bawon bindiga a duk faɗin duniya. Bugu da ƙari, ya yi tafiya zuwa Asiya, inda ya yi yaƙi da abokan gabansa kuma ya ci su da yaƙi, yana ɗauke da kawunansu tare da shi a matsayin shaida na halakarsa. Obatala mai zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali yawanci yana nuna tsananin ƙishirwa da ƙishirwa ga zaman lafiya ta hanyar mamaye ta wannan fanni.

## Matsayi da halaye
A tsarin Lukumi, Ajagunda zai iya zama kamar orisha na mutum. Ma'ajiyar sa ta ƙunshi abubuwan da ake buƙata na Obatala da kuma wasu waɗanda aka keɓe su kawai ga wannan hanyar. Idan mutum ya karɓi Ochanla, dole ne mutum ya riga ya mallaki Ajagunda ko kuma ya karɓe shi tare da ita. Duk da cewa Obatala yana cin dabbobin mata saboda bambancinsa da shekaru, bayan ya karɓi Ochanla, mai bin sa dole ne ya ciyar da dabbobin maza na Ajagunda da kuma mace ta Ochanla. Sau da yawa ana ɗaukar Ajagunda a matsayin irin Shango . Shi memba ne na fadar Obatala mai nishaɗi (fari) a matsayin sarki mai tsarki, kamar sauran bayyanarsa. Lokacin da mabiyansa suka nuna ƙarfinsa a lokacin zaman ibada na addini, Ajagunda yana yin abubuwa da sauri, ƙarfi, da kuma kamar yaƙi. Saboda haka, shi ne paladin tsakanin orishas. Sau da yawa ana kuskuren ɗaukar 'ya'yansa a matsayin 'ya'yan Shango.

Ajagunda ya sanya farare gaba ɗaya banda rigar ja mai kusurwa huɗu da ta raba rigarsa. Labarun addini sun nuna cewa Olofin ya sanya Ajagunda a matsayin mai kula da kawo tsari a duniya tun da an bar ɗan adam a kan dabararsa. Da farko, Ajagunda ya roƙi mutane su daidaita rayuwarsu da dokokin Olofi, amma sun yi watsi da buƙatunsa. Bayan wani lokaci, Ajagunda ya fara rashin haƙuri kuma daga ƙarshe ya daina yin buƙatu kuma ya ɗauki ƙarin matakan hukunci ta hanyar kashe waɗanda suka ƙi yin biyayya. Labarin ya dawo wa Olofi, kuma ya yi tafiya zuwa duniyarmu daga Ara Onu don ganin da kansa abin da Ajagunda ya aikata. Lokacin da Ajagunda ya ga Olofi yana zuwa, sai ya goge ƙwanƙwasa a ƙirjinsa don ya wanke jinin daga ruwan wukakensa. Olofi ya tsawata wa Ajagunda saboda ya haifar da irin wannan rudani, amma Ajagunda ya amsa da salon lauya: "Baba, ba tare da rikici ba, ba za a iya samun ci gaba ba". Olofi ya yi la'akari da kalmominsa kuma ya yarda.

An kuma san Ajagunda da kasancewa mai kiwon rikici da yaƙi. Sunansa a zahiri yana nufin "karen yaƙi".

Ajagunda ya ce ranar da ya ajiye takobinsa, duniya za ta daina wanzuwa.

Ayagunna kuskuren Mutanen Espanya ne na Ajaguna na Yarbanci da ya dace. A cikin Mutanen Espanya, j yayi kama da y.

## Zane-zane
Ana gudanar da zane-zane masu alaƙa da Ajagunda a tarin zane-zanen The Holy Art of the Black Atlantic na Jami'ar Duke .  

## Nassoshi
Ayoayo

**Ayo** ( Yoruba : *Ayò Ọ̀pọ̀n* ) wani nau'in mancala ne na gargajiya da Yarabawa ke yi a Najeriya . Yana da kusanci da wasan Oware wanda ya bazu zuwa Amurka tare da cinikin bayi na Atlantic . Daga cikin mancala na zamani, wanda galibi aka samo daga Warri, Kalah sanannen abu ne wanda ke da ƙa'idodi iri ɗaya da Ayo.

Akwai wasanni masu dokoki iri ɗaya a wasu sassan Afirka. Ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan wasannin shine Endodoi, wanda mutanen Maasai na Kenya da Tanzania ke bugawa.

## Dokoki
Allon Ayoayo (Ayo) ya ƙunshi layuka biyu na ramuka shida kowanne, kuma ana amfani da tsaba 48; a farko, ana sanya tsaba 4 a cikin kowane rami. Waɗannan kayan aiki ne da saitin iri ɗaya kamar na Awari da sauran mancala masu layi biyu kamar Layli Goobalay . Kowane ɗan wasa yana da ɗaya daga cikin layukan.

Kowace juyawa, ɗan wasan yana ɗaukar dukkan tsaba daga ɗaya daga cikin ramukan kuma yana watsa su a akasin agogon hannu. A lokacin kowane shuka, ana tsallake ramin farawa (watau, ba a jefar da tsaba a wurin ba ko da za a shuka fiye da tsaba 12). Lokacin da aka shuka iri na ƙarshe a cikin rami mara komai, ɗan wasan yana kama duk wanda aka gani a cikin ramin da ke gaba idan wannan ramin na ɗan wasan ne.

Idan ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan bai iya motsawa ba, wasan ya ƙare. Abokin hamayya zai kama duk tsaban da suka rage a kan allo kuma wanda ya yi nasara shine ɗan wasan da ya kama mafi yawan tsaba.

Idan juyawa ta ƙare ba tare da an bar tsaba a layinsu ba, *dole ne* abokin hamayyar (idan zai yiwu) ya zaɓi motsinsa ta yadda zai kawo iri ɗaya ko fiye zuwa layin ɗayan. Wannan makircin yana samuwa a cikin mancalas da yawa kuma wani lokacin ana kiransa "ciyar" abokin hamayya (watau, ceton abokin hamayya daga yunwa).

## Nassoshi
Fransina Kahungu

**Fransina Ndateelela Kahungu** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1970) 'yar siyasa ce 'yar ƙasar Namibia wadda take aiki a matsayin kansilan birnin Windhoek . Ta taɓa yin aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar magajin garin Windhoek a shekarun 2016 da 2017, sannan kuma magajin garin Windhoek daga 2019 zuwa 2020. Kahungu ta zama sakatariyar Majalisar Mata ta Jam'iyyar SWAPO (SPWC) a shekara ta 2022.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Kahungu ta fito ne daga ƙauyen Okapanda. Ta ƙaura zuwa Windhoek a shekarar 1994 don neman takardar shaidar difloma a fannin ilimi a Jami'ar Namibia . A matsayinta na ɗaliba a Makarantar Sakandare ta Ombalantu, Kahungu ta shiga siyasa a matsayin memba na Ƙungiyar Ɗaliban Ƙasa ta Namibia . Daga 1998 zuwa 2017, Kahungu ta fara aiki a matsayin malami sannan kuma shugaba a Makarantar Firamare ta Olof Palme, wadda ke cikin unguwar Windhoek ta Greenwell Matongo .

## Aikin siyasa
An fara zaɓen Kahungu a matsayin memba na Majalisar Birnin Windhoek a shekara ta 2010 kuma ta zama Mataimakiyar Sakatare ta SPWC a shekara ta 2016. A lokacin da take cikin majalisar birnin, ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Magajin Garin Windhoek a shekarun 2016 da 2017.  

An zaɓe ta a matsayin magajin garin a ranar 13 ga Disamba, 2019, bayan da magajin garin mai ci Muesee Kazapua bai halarci zaɓen cikin gida na ƙaramar hukumar ba.   A cewar wani rahoto da kamfanin dillancin labarai na Namibia Press Agency ya fitar, Kazapua da mai magana da yawun birnin Harold Akwenye duk sun tabbatar da cewa shugabancin birnin bai canza ba, kuma Kazapua har yanzu shi ne magajin garin. Agatha Ashilelo, shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa na birnin Windhoek, ya bayyana cewa Kahungu ya maye gurbin Kazapua a matsayin magajin gari bisa ga shawarar da Kwamitin Zartarwa na Yankin SWAPO ya yanke. 

A watan Janairun 2020, masanin tattalin arziki na Namibia da kuma Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Namibia sun ruwaito cewa Ofishin Magajin Gari ya sanar da ƙaura daga tsakiyar Windhoek zuwa cibiyar al'umma da ke cikin matsugunin da ba na hukuma ba na Babila, yayin da Ofishin Mataimakin Magajin Gari zai ci gaba da kasancewa a wurin da aka saba. An shirya shirin zai ci gaba da kasancewa har zuwa lokacin da Kahungu zai yi aiki a matsayin magajin gari.

A ranar 2 ga Disamba, 2020, an zaɓi Job Amupanda a matsayin magajin gari bayan da 'yan adawa suka kaɗa ƙuri'ar goyon bayansa.   Kahungu ya maye gurbin Eunice Iipinge a matsayin Sakatariyar Majalisar Mata ta Jam'iyyar SWAPO (SPWC) a watan Fabrairun 2022.

## Manazarta