Jean Hanson

**Emmeline Jean Hanson** FRS (14 ga Nuwamba 1919 - 10 ga Agusta 1973) ta kasance Masanin kimiyyar halittu da masanin ilimin dabbobi da aka sani da gudummawarta ga binciken tsoka. Hanson ta sami digirinta na PhD a fannin ilimin dabbobi daga Kwalejin Bedford, Jami'ar London kafin ta ciyar da mafi yawan aikinta a sashin bincike na biophysics a Kwalejin King ta London, inda ta kasance memba mai kafa, kuma daga baya Shugabanta na biyu. Yayinda take aiki a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts, ita, tare da Hugh Huxley, ta gano tsarin motsi na fiber a cikin 1954, wanda aka sani da "ka'idar filament mai zamewa". Wannan bincike ne mai ban sha'awa a cikin ilimin lissafin tsoka, kuma ga wannan BBC ta ba ta lakabi da "Mrs Muscle" a ranar cika shekaru 50 da binciken.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Hanson a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba 1919 a Newhall, Derbyshire, Ingila, ɗa ɗaya da Tom da Emily Hanson. Iyayenta duka malamai ne a makaranta. Mahaifiyarta ce kawai ta haife ta bayan mahaifinta ya mutu daga Ciwon ƙwaƙwalwa jim kadan bayan haihuwarta. Ta hanyar ƙarfafawar mahaifiyarta, Hanson ta haɓaka sha'awar kiɗa da zane-zane. Ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Girl a Burton a kan Trent daga 1930 zuwa 1938. A kusa da shekaru goma sha biyar, yayin da take halartar makarantar sakandare ta Girl, ta haɓaka sha'awar ilmin halitta. A ƙarshen tsari na shida, ta ɗauki Takardar shaidar Makarantar Sakandare ta sami bambanci a Turanci, botany da zoology. An ba ta tallafin karatu don halartar Kwalejin Bedford ta London bayan ta dauki jarrabawar shiga a cikin botany, zoology da physiology.

Hanson ya fara ne a Kwalejin Bedford a 1938, yana yin jarrabawar tsakiya a cikin ilimin dabbobi, botany, ilmin sunadarai da ilimin lissafi a shekara mai zuwa, ya kammala karatu tare da girmamawa na farko a cikin ilimin halittu tare da ƙarami a cikin botany a 1941. A matsayinsa na dalibi na bincike na digiri, Hanson ya fara nazarin tsarin jijiyoyi jini na annelids. Koyaya an katse wannan binciken tsakanin 1942-44 lokacin da aka kwashe Kwalejin Bedford zuwa Cambridge saboda Yaƙin Duniya na II. A cikin shekaru biyu a Cambridge, ta yi aiki a Laboratory na Strangeways a kan histogenesis da bambancin epidermis. Tsakanin 1944 da 1948 ta yi aiki a matsayin mai zanga-zanga a cikin ilimin dabbobi.

## Ayyuka
Jean Hanson ya shiga Kwalejin Sarki ta London a 1948 a cikin sabon sashen Biophysics da aka kafa. Sashen yana karkashin John Randall, wanda ya gayyace ta don kafa sashen halittu. Ta yi aiki a kan ƙwayoyin tsoka kuma ta sami digirin digirgir a shekarar 1951. A watan Fabrairun 1953 ta tafi Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts tare da Rockefeller Fellowship na shekara guda kuma ta shiga wani ɗan'uwan Ingilishi Hugh Huxley don aiki a dakin gwaje-gwaje na F. O. Schmitt. Tare sun gano abin da ake kira "ka'idar filament mai zamewa", ra'ayin da ke haifar da raguwar tsoka. Bugawa a cikin fitowar 22 ga Mayu 1954 na Nature ya zama alama a cikin ilimin tsoka.   Sun ba da hujja mai ƙarfi ga ka'idar a cikin 1956, inda suka nuna cikakkun bayanai na microscopic na lantarki game da gajarta da tsawo na ƙwayoyin tsoka da juna. Ko da a lokacin ba a sauƙaƙa ka'idar ba, har ma a cikin 1960 a wani taron na biomacromolecules da aka gudanar a Pittsburgh, Pasadena, masana kimiyya ciki har da wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel Paul Flory sun yi jayayya da tsarin zamewa. An tuna Hanson yana amsawa, "Na san ba zan iya bayyana tsarin ba tukuna, amma zamewa gaskiya ce. "   Bayan aikinsu a Amurka, Hanson da Huxley sun yanke shawarar raba layin su na bincike na tsoka, kuma Hanson ya ɗauki na Dabbobi marasa rai. A shekara ta 1966 ta zama cikakken Farfesa na ilmin *Halitta* a King's. A shekara ta 1970, ta gaji Randall a matsayin Darakta na Sashin Biophysics, inda ta kasance har zuwa mutuwarta a shekara ta 1973.  

## Daraja
An zabi Jean Hanson a matsayin Fellow na Royal Society a shekarar 1967. 

## Rayuwa da mutuwarsa
Jean Hanson ya bambanta da sauran mambobin Sarki, wadanda suka shahara saboda adawa da kansu. Ta kasance mai karimci, mai bude zuciya, kuma mafi mahimmanci, tana da sha'awar taimakawa matasa masu bincike.[1] An san ta da suna 'Jean' ga kowa. (Ba ta taɓa amfani da sunanta na farko ba, har ma a cikin wallafe-wallafen ta.) Huxley ta lura cewa tun lokacin da yankin binciken su ya haɗu da juna akwai yiwuwar rikici mai tsanani yayin da suke aiki a cibiyoyi daban-daban. Da yake ganin wannan Hanson ya zaɓi yin aiki ne kawai a cikin dabbobi marasa rai, kuma ga irin wannan yanke shawara mai hankali da tawali'u Huxley ya ce: Shin koyaushe haka ne![2]

Ta mutu a Landan a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta 1973 daga kamuwa da cuta ta kwakwalwa, Meningococcal septicaemia . 

## Manazarta