Alamun Adinkra

**Adinkra** alamomi ne daga Ghana waɗanda ke wakiltar ra'ayi ko aphorisms. Ana kuma amfani da *Adinkra* sosai a cikin yadudduka, tambura da tukwane. An haɗa su cikin ganuwar da kuma sauran fasalulluka na gine-gine. Alamun *Adinkra* sun bayyana akan wasu ma'aunin gwal na Akan na gargajiya. Hakanan ana zana alamomin akan stools don amfanin gida da na al'ada. Yawon shakatawa ya haifar da sabbin tashi a cikin amfani da alamomin a cikin abubuwa kamar T-shirts da kayan ado.

Alamun suna da aikin ado amma kuma suna wakiltar abubuwa waɗanda ke ɗauke da saƙon da ke ɗauke da hikimar gargajiya, al'amuran rayuwa, ko muhalli. Akwai alamomi da yawa masu ma'anoni daban-daban, galibi suna haɗe da karin magana. A cikin kalmomin Kwame Anthony Appiah, sun kasance ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da ake amfani da su don "taimakawa watsawar hadadden tsarin aiki da imani".

## Tarihi

Mutanen Bono na Gyaman ne suka kirkiro alamun Adinkra. Sarkin Gyaman, Nana Kwadwo Agyemang Adinkra, da farko ya ƙirƙira ko ya tsara waɗannan alamomin, yana sanya wa kansa suna. Mutanen Bono sun fi amfani da alamun Adinkra akan tukwane, stools da dai sauransu. Adinkra tufafin Sarkin Gyaman ne, kuma amfanin sa ya yadu daga Bono Gyaman zuwa Asante da sauran masarautun Akan bayan shan kaye. An ce masu zanen guild da suka zana wannan tufa ga Sarakuna an tilasta musu koya wa Asantes sana’ar. Ɗan fari na sarkin Gyaman Nana Kwadwo Agyemang Adinkra, Apau, wanda aka ce ya ƙware a sana’ar Adinkra, an tilasta masa ya ƙara koya game da tufafin Adinkra. Bayanai na baka sun tabbatar da cewa Adinkra Apau ya koyar da wani mutum mai suna Kwaku Dwaku a wani gari kusa da Kumasi. A tsawon lokaci, duk mutanen Akan da suka hada da Fante, Akuapem da Akyem duk sun sanya alamun Adinkra wani muhimmin bangare na al'adarsu, saboda dukkansu sun samo asali ne daga tsohuwar masarautar Bono.

An yi zanen adinkra mafi tsufa a cikin 1817. Tufafin yana da alamomi 15 masu hatimi, ciki har da *nsroma* (taurari), *dono ntoasuo* ( ganguna Dono biyu), da lu'u-lu'u. An buga tsarin ta hanyar amfani da tambarin calash da aka zana da rini na tushen kayan lambu. Ya kasance a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya tun 1818, lokacin da Thomas E. Bowdich ya ba da ita.

An aika na gaba mafi tsufa yanki na adinkra textile a 1825 daga Elmina Castle zuwa ga sarauta majalisar ministocin curiosities a Hague, a mayar da martani ga wani aiki daga Major F. Last, wanda aka nada na wucin gadi Kwamandan Dutch Gold Coast. Ya sa rigar ta ba da izini daga Fante babban hafsan Elmina na William I na Netherlands, wanda zai bayyana dalilin da yasa rigar makamai na Netherlands ke tsakiyar. Sauran motifs sune halaye na tsofaffi adinkra. Yanzu an nuna shi a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi na Ƙasa a Leiden.

A cikin Nuwamba 2020, wata hukumar makaranta a York, Pennsylvania, ta haramta "littafin canza launin yara wanda ke nuna alamun Adrinkra [sic] na Afirka da aka samu a cikin yadudduka, tambura da tukwane."

## Tufafin ''Adinkra''
A cikin Akan (Twi), kalmar adinkra tana nufin ba alamomi ba, amma wani nau'in zane. Sarautu da shugabannin ruhi ne kawai suke sa tufafin Adinkra a al'ada don jana'izar da sauran lokuta na musamman. A da, an buga su da hannu akan yadudduka na auduga marasa rini, ja, launin ruwan kasa ko baƙar fata wanda aka saka a hannun hannu dangane da taron da irin rawar da mai sanye yake da shi; a zamanin yau ana yawan samarwa da yawa akan yadudduka masu haske.

Cibiyar samar da kayan gargajiya a halin yanzu ta fito ne daga Ghana, Ntɔnso, mai nisan kilomita 20 daga arewa maso yammacin Kumasi da kuma cikin Ivory Coast. Dark Adinkra *aduro* pigment ga stamping ana yin shi a wurin, ta hanyar jiƙa, ɓarkewa, da kuma tafasa haushi na ciki da tushen bishiyar badie (*Bridelia ferruginea*) a cikin ruwa a kan wutar itace. Da zarar launin duhun ya fito, sai a yi tagulla, sannan a dafa shi na tsawon sa'o'i da yawa har sai ya yi kauri. An zana tambarin daga kasan guntun calabash. Suna auna tsakanin murabba'in santimita biyar zuwa takwas. Suna da hannu a baya, kuma tambarin kanta yana ɗan lanƙwasa don a iya sanya rini tare da motsin motsi.

## Misalin alamomin da aka jera
Samfurin da aka yi rikodi na alamomin *adinkra* 53 da ma'anarsu

**Jerin alamomi da Bayani**

## Bayanan kula

## Ci gaba da karatu

* *The Adinkra dictionary: A visual primer on the language of Adinkra*  by W. Bruce Willis. ISBN
* *Cloth as Metaphor: (re)reading the Adinkra cloth symbols of the Akan of Ghana* by Dr George F. Kojo Arthur.  Legon, Ghana: Centre for Indigenous Knowledge Systems, 2001. 187 [6], p.&nbsp;29&nbsp;cm. ISBN
* *African Accents: Fabrics and Crafts to Decorate Your Home* by Lisa Shepard. ISBN
* *Adinkra Symbols: To say good bye to a dead relative or friend* by Matthew Bulgin
* *Adinkra: An Epitome of Asante Philosophy and History* by Dickson Adome, Erik Appau Asante, Steve Kquofi