Charles Bluhdorn

**Charles George Bluhdorn** (an haife shi **Karl Georg Blühdorn** ; Satumba 20, 1926 - Fabrairu 19, 1983) ɗan ƙasar Amurka ne da aka haifa a Austria. Ya gina dukiyarsa a fannin kayan mota da kayayyaki kamar su zinc, kuma bayan mallakarsa a shekarar 1966 ya zama Shugaba, shugaba kuma shugaban gidan sinima na Hollywood Paramount Pictures . Paramount tsohon reshe ne na Gulf and Western Industries, wanda Bluhdorn ya saya a shekarar 1956 lokacin da ake kiransa Michigan Plating and Stamping Company.

Zuwa shekarar 1966, Bluhdorn ya haɓaka Gulf da Western zuwa kudaden shiga da aka kiyasta sun kai dala miliyan 182 (daidai da dala biliyan 1.881 a shekarar 2024); a wannan shekarar ta kasance ta 346 a cikin jerin sunayen Fortune 500. Kamfanin ya girma ta hanyar siyan fim, gami da kwace Stax Records a shekarar 1968, Sega a shekarar 1969, da Simon &amp;amp; Schuster a shekarar 1975.   Bluhdorn ya shahara a Hollywood saboda halayensa masu ƙarfi amma masu son jama'a. Ya naɗa Frank Yablans da aka keɓe a matsayin shugaban Paramount kuma Robert Evans wanda ba shi da magana a fili a matsayin shugaban shirya fina-finai, ƙungiya mai wahala da rashin daidaito wadda daga ƙarshe ta kula da fitar da fina-finan da suka shahara *The Godfather* (1972), *The Godfather Part II* (1974), da *Chinatown* (1974).

Ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani a shekarar 1983 yana da shekaru 56. 

## Rayuwar farko
Cikakkun bayanai game da yadda aka haife shi ba su da tabbas; a cewar *Vanity Fair* : "gaskiya ne, Charlie bai yi bayani dalla-dalla game da abubuwa da yawa ba, ciki har da ko Bayahude ne, wanda ya ci gaba da yin hasashensa a Hollywood ta hanyar sanya mai gadi a wajen ƙofar ɗakin maza." 

An haife shi a Vienna, Austria, ga wata uwa Bayahudiya 'yar Austria Rosa Fuchs da kuma uba Paul Blühdorn.  Per *Who's Who a Ridgefield (CT)*, an ɗauke shi a matsayin "jarumi" har mahaifinsa ya tura yaron mai shekaru 11 zuwa makarantar kwana ta Ingilishi don horo. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup> Yana da shekaru 16, ya ƙaura zuwa [[New York (jiha)|New York]], yana karatu a Kwalejin City ta New York da Jami'ar Columbia . A shekarar 1946, Bluhdorn ya tafi aiki a Musayar Auduga, yana samun dala 15 a kowane mako.  Wasu labaran sun ce ya yi ƙaura zuwa [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] a shekarar 1942 kuma ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Amurka. 

== Sana'a ==

=== Tekun Gulf+Yamma ===
A shekarar 1956, Bluhdorn tare da David "Jim" Judelson  sun mallaki Michigan Plating and Stamping, wani ƙaramin kamfanin kera kayan mota wanda daga ƙarshe ya girma ya zama Gulf and Western Industries, wani kamfani da ya kai matsayi na 61 a cikin Fortune 500 a shekarar 1981.  A cewar Robert Evans, a shekarar 1970 Bluhdorn ya gaya masa: "Ka yi tunanin, shekaru goma sha biyu da suka gabata ina yawo a kan tituna ina sayar da na'urorin rubutu ƙofa zuwa ƙofa."  Baya ga Gulf da Western, Bluhdorn darakta ne kuma babban mai hannun jari na Bohack, Pueblo Supermarkets, da Ward Foods.   

Kamfanonin da ke da lasisin mallakar Gulf da Western sun kasance masu suna blue-chip kamar Paramount Pictures, Simon &amp;amp; Schuster, da Madison Square Garden,   da kuma kadarorin da ba su da kyau kamar Kamfanin Sugar na South Puerto Rico, New Jersey Zinc, da Taylor Forge .  Sumner Redstone ya ba da shawarar sayen Paramount ga Bluhdorn kuma shugaban talla na Paramount, Martin S. Davis, ya ƙarfafa shi.  A lokacin da Gulf da Western suka mallaki Paramount ne ya koma daga matsayi na tara a ofishin tallace-tallace bisa ga jimillar tallace-tallacen da aka samu, zuwa matsayi na ɗaya. Bayan nasarar tallan ''Love Story'' a 1970, Bluhdorn ya naɗa Frank Yablans a matsayin shugaban ɗakin studio da Robert Evans a matsayin shugaban shirya fina-finai. Tare suka kula da ɗakin studio a lokacin da yake kan gaba, suna fitar da waƙoƙi kamar ''The Godfather'', ''The Godfather Part II'', da ''Chinatown'' .  A shekarar 1974, Bluhdorn ya sauka daga mukamin shugaban Paramount ya kuma ɗauki Barry Diller aiki a matsayin shugaban kamfanin Paramount da kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa. A cewar Diller, Bluhdorn da Yablans suna da dangantaka mai tsauri da Yablans da Evans, kuma Redstone ya nemi ƙarin tasiri akan Yablans, waɗanda yake ba su cin hanci akai-akai. 

=== Jamhuriyar Dominican ===
Bluhdorn ya san da ƙarfin tattalin arzikin [[Jamhuriyar Dominika|Jamhuriyar Dominican]] sosai, kuma ya zuba jari mai yawa a fannin ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. Ana yaba masa a matsayin uban masana'antar yawon buɗe ido ta Dominican.

A shekarar 1967, Gulf da Western sun biya dala miliyan 54 ga Kamfanin Sukari na Kudancin Puerto Rico. Yawancin ayyukan kamfanin suna cikin Jamhuriyar Dominican, inda suka mallaki babban kamfanin sukari na Central Romana a [[La Romana]] da    na ƙasa. An yi amfani da kusan rabin ƙasar wajen samar da rake, kuma a lokacin da ake lokacin yanke rake, kamfanin ya ɗauki ma'aikata 19,000 aiki, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama babbar ma'aikaciyar zaman kanta a ƙasar, kuma ita ce mafi girman mai biyan haraji da mai filaye. Gulf da Western sun mallaki Consolidated Cigar Corporation a shekarar 1968, daga baya kuma suka mayar da ayyukan yin sigari [[Tsibirin Kanariyas|na Canary Island]] zuwa La Romana. Haka kuma sun ƙirƙiri Corporación Financiera Asociada (Cofinasa), wani kamfanin kuɗi na Dominican. 

A shekarar 1969, gwamnatin Dominican da kuma Kamfanin Gulf and Western Americas Corporation sun kafa yankin da babu masana'antu a La Romana. Kamfanin Operadora Zona Franca de La Romana na Gulf da Western America ne ke kula da yankin. 

Ganin cewa Gulf da Western sun sayi Paramount a shekarar 1966, Bluhdorn yana da shirin mayar da tsibirin zuwa wurin yin fina-finai. Domin ya sayar da ra'ayin, ya kan gayyaci furodusoshi, daraktoci, marubuta da taurarin fina-finai, domin su yaba da kyawun ƙasar. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

A shekarun 1970, yankin Gulf da Western sun samar da    na ƙasar masana'antar sukari zuwa wurin shakatawa na Casa de Campo . Casa de Campo gida ne ga filayen golf guda uku da suka shahara a duniya waɗanda Pete Dye ya tsara - Teeth of the Dog, Dye Fore, da Links.  Ɗaya daga cikin abokan Bluhdorn na Dominican, Oscar de la Renta, an ɗauke shi aiki don yin ƙirar ciki na Casa de Campo.  De la Renta shi ma ya ba da lasisin layin sawa na maza ta hanyar Kayser-Roth, wani reshe na Gulf da Western.

Bayan wani taro tsakanin Bluhdorn da shugaban kamfanin sadarwa na Warner Communications Steve Ross a shekarar 1976, New York Cosmos ta buga wasa da Violette AC ta Haiti a Santo Domingo. Ƙungiyar Tsakiyar Romana ta Gulf da Yammacin Amurka ce ta dauki nauyin wasan. 

A farkon shekarun 1980, an kammala gina ƙauyen Altos de Chavón  . Aikin (wanda Gulf da Western suka ba da kuɗi) ya fara ne a shekarar 1976, lokacin da aka yi wa wani dutse mai dutse fashewa don gina wata hanya da ke kusa. Bluhdorn yana da ra'ayin amfani da duwatsun don sake ƙirƙirar ƙauyen Bahar Rum na ƙarni na 16, kamar wasu gine-ginen da aka samu a tsakiyar tarihi na Santo Domingo. Tsohon mai tsara Paramount Pictures Roberto Copa ne ya tsara ƙauyen. 'Yar Bluhdorn, Dominique Bluhdorn, ita ce shugabar gidauniyar Cibiyar Al'adu ta Altos de Chavón a yanzu.  

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Bluhdorn ya auri Yvette M. LeMarrec, wacce ta taɓa zama 'yar birnin Paris, a shekarun 1950.  Ya kasance babban jami'i mai aiki tukuru wanda a da ake yi wa lakabi da "The Mad Austrian of Wall Street." Ya ci gaba da riƙe matsayinsa na shugaban Gulf and Western Industries har zuwa rasuwarsa.  Duk da cewa ya zauna a Amurka tun yana ɗan shekara 16 zuwa gaba, ya shahara (kuma an yi koyi da shi sosai) saboda lafazin Austro-Jamus mai kauri, wanda tsoffin abokan hulɗarsa kamar Francis Ford Coppola da Robert Evans suka yi ta yi masa ba'a a hirarraki.

Bluhdorn abokin tsohon shugaban Jamhuriyar Dominican Joaquín Balaguer kuma tsohon shugaban Cuba Fidel Castro ne . Bluhdorn ya haɗu da Castro a wani taro da aka yi a Havana, wanda ya ɗauki tsawon awanni bakwai. A cewar Michael Eisner a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa, Work in Progress, a lokacin aikin hajjinsa na farko zuwa Jamhuriyar Dominican, Bluhdorn ya gabatar da wani ra'ayi da yake da shi don hoto: wani sabon shirin Bad News Bears da aka shirya a Cuba, inda Castro ya lashe gasar gida (ya kuma gabatar da fim ɗin da Sitting Bull ya haɗu da Hitler ).

## Mutuwa
A ranar 19 ga Fabrairu, 1983, Bluhdorn ya mutu yana da shekaru 56 sakamakon bugun zuciya a cikin jirginsa na kamfanin yayin da yake dawowa gida zuwa birnin New York daga wurin shakatawa na Casa de Campo da ke Jamhuriyar Dominican .  An yi jana'izarsa ta sirri a Cocin St. Mary da ke Ridgefield, Connecticut . Daga cikin waɗanda suka halarci taron akwai abokinsa kuma tsohon Sakataren Harkokin Waje Henry Kissinger . 

## Gado
A shekarar 1983, Donald Gaston ya kafa kyautar Charles G. Bluhdorn a fannin tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Tufts da ke Boston don tunawa da Bluhdorn. Ana ba da ita kowace shekara ga wani dalibi mai digiri na farko a fannin tattalin arziki wanda ya nuna ƙwarewa a fannin ilimi. 

Asusun Tallafawa Jama'a na Charles G. & Yvette Bluhdorn Charitable Trust wata kungiya ce ta agaji mai darajar dala miliyan daya da 'ya'yansu ke kula da ita. Tsakanin 2007 da 2013, asusun ya ragu, kuma ya zuwa shekarar 2019 an lissafa kadarorin da ba su kai dala $3,000 ba. 

Fim ɗin 1990 *mai suna The Godfather Part III* an sadaukar da shi ga Bluhdorn, "wanda ya ba shi kwarin gwiwa."  An rubuta dangantakarsa mai cike da rudani da shugaban kamfanin Paramount Robert Evans a cikin littafin tarihin rayuwarsa na Evans na 1994 *mai suna The Kid Stays in the Picture* da kuma a cikin fim ɗin 2002 mai suna iri ɗaya, da kuma jerin fina-finan *The Offer na 2022,* inda Burn Gorman ya nuna Bluhdorn. 

## Manazarta