José Mujica

**José Alberto** "**Pepe**" **Mujica Cordano** [a] (20 ga Mayu 1935 - 13 ga Mayu 2025) ɗan siyasan Uruguay ne, mai juyin juya hali kuma manomi wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Uruguay na 40 daga 2010 zuwa 2015. Tsohon ɗan tawaye tare da Tupamaros, an azabtar da shi kuma an ɗaure shi shekaru 14 a lokacin mulkin kama-karya na soja a cikin 1970s da 1980s. Wani memba na hadin gwiwar Broad Front na jam'iyyun hagu, Mujica ya kasance ministan dabbobi, noma, da kifi daga 2005 zuwa 2008 kuma Sanata daga baya. A matsayinsa na dan takarar Broad Front, ya lashe Zaben shugaban kasa na 2009 kuma ya hau mulki a matsayin shugaban kasa a ranar 1 ga Maris 2010.

Gwamnatin Mujica ta aiwatar da manufofi iri-iri masu ci gaba, ciki har da rage zubar da ciki, halatta shan wiwi da kuma halatta auren jinsi ɗaya . Ƙarin matakai sun ƙarfafa ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago na ƙasar kuma sun ƙara ƙarfafa mafi ƙarancin albashi.

Yayinda yake kan mulki, an bayyana Mujica a matsayin "shugaban da ya fi talauci a duniya" saboda salon rayuwarsa mai tsauri da kuma gudummawar kusan kashi 90 cikin 100 na albashinsa na US $ 12,000 na kowane wata ga kungiyoyin agaji da ke tallafawa mutane masu karamin karfi da kananan 'yan kasuwa. Ya kasance mai sukar da ke mai da hankali kan tsarin jari-hujja kan adana kayan aiki waɗanda ba sa taimakawa ga farin cikin ɗan adam.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi José Alberto Mujica Cordano a ranar 20 ga Mayu 1935 a unguwar Paso de la Arena ta Montevideo ga Demetrio Mujica Terra da Lucy Cordano Giorello .  Demetrio ya fito ne daga dangin Basque na Mutanen Espanya wanda ya isa Uruguay a cikin 1842. Ta hanyar kakarsa ta uba, Mujica dangi ne mai nisa na wasu fitattun 'yan siyasa na Uruguay, ciki har da Gabriel Terra, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kasar na 26 tsakanin 1931 da 1938.  Iyayen Demetrio sun mallaki kadarorin noma da yawa, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su azaman wuraren horo ga sojoji don yaƙi da tashin hankali da jagoran juyin juya hali Aparicio Saravia ya jagoranta. Wani manomi ne ta hanyar sana'a, Demetrio ya fadi jim kadan kafin mutuwarsa a 1940 lokacin da José ke da shekaru biyar. An haifi Lucy a Carmelo ga matalauta Baƙi na Italiya daga Liguria, tare da asali a cikin garin Favale di Malvaro a tsohuwar lardin Genoa . Bayan an haife ta, iyayenta sun sayi hekta 2 (4.9 acres) a Colonia Estrella, wani karamin gari a cikin Sashen Colonia, don noma gonakin inabi. Mahaifinta memba ne mai aiki a jam'iyyar National Party kuma mai bin Herrerism, kuma an zaba shi a lokuta da yawa a matsayin alderman na Colonia kuma ya saba da Luis Alberto de Herrera.

Jam'iyyar National Party ta lashe mafi yawan kujeru a majalisar dattijai a lokacin Babban zaben 1958, inda aka nada Erro a matsayin Ministan Aiki, yana aiki daga 1959 zuwa 1960, tare da Mujica yana tare da shi, kodayake bai zama jami'in ma'aikatar ba. A shekara ta 1962, duka Erro da Mujica sun bar Jam'iyyar National Party don ƙirƙirar Unión Popular, jam'iyya ta hagu, tare da hadin gwiwar Jam'iyyar Socialist. A cikin Zaben 1962, sun zabi Emilio Frugoni a matsayin dan takarar su na shugaban kasa, amma sun rasa nasarar samun kashi 2.3% na jimlar kuri'un.

## Farkon aiki da yakin neman zaben shugaban kasa na 2009

A cikin babban zaben 1994, an zabi Mujica a matsayin mataimakin kuma a cikin zaben 1999 an zabe shi a matsayin Sanata.  Saboda wani bangare na kwarewar Mujica, MPP ta ci gaba da girma a cikin shahara da kuri'u, kuma a shekara ta 2004, ta zama babbar ƙungiya a cikin Broad Front. A cikin zaɓen wannan shekarar, an sake zabar Mujica a Majalisar Dattijai, kuma MPP ta sami kuri'u sama da 300,000, don haka ta karfafa matsayinta a matsayin babbar ƙungiyar siyasa a cikin hadin gwiwa da kuma babbar ƙungiyar da ke bayan nasarar dan takarar shugaban kasa Tabaré Vázquez. A ranar 1 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2005, Vázquez ya nada Mujica a matsayin Ministan Kiwon Lafiya, Aikin Gona da Kifi (Tushen sana'a na Mujica ya kasance a bangaren noma). Bayan ya zama minista, Mujica ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa a matsayin sanata. Ya rike wannan mukamin har zuwa canjin majalisa a shekara ta 2008, lokacin da ya yi murabus kuma Ernesto Agazzi ya maye gurbinsa. Mujica daga nan ya koma kujerarsa a Majalisar Dattijai.

## MANAZARTA