Katherine Ortega Courtney

**Katherine Ortega Courtney** masaniyar ilimin halayyar dan adam ce kuma marubuciya wacce ta hada kai da ci gaba da tsarin al'umma na 100%, tsarin ka'idoji da aka tsara don jagorantar jihar da aikin gida na hana kalubalen kiwon lafiya da ilimi guda biyu: Abubuwan da suka faru a lokacin yaro (ACEs) da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi zamantakewar lafiya (SDH). A matsayinta na shugaban ofishin Binciken Kula da Kula da Yara na New Mexico, Bincike, da Ofishin Bayanai da kuma mai haɓaka shirin masanan bayanai don manajojin jin dadin yara a duk faɗin ƙasar, ta ga rashin iyawar jin daɗin yara na farko don aiwatar da dabarun sarrafa bayanai don hana cin zarafin ta hanyar tabbatar da iyalai suna da damar yin amfani da muhimman ayyukan kiwon lafiya, kiwon lafiya na hankali, shirye-shiryen tsaro na abinci, da gidaje masu aminci.

## Tarihi a kan ACEs
Tsarin al'umma na 100% yana kira ga dabarun jihohi da na gida waɗanda ke hawa don hana ACEs da raunin da ke da alaƙa da ACEs kafin su faru. ACEs iri ne goma na cin zarafi da sakaci da ke faruwa a gida, an fara gano su a cikin Nazarin ACEs a cikin 1998 ta Felitti, Anda da tawagar. ACEs na iya haifar da rauni da rikice-rikice na amfani da kwayoyi da ke da alaƙa da ƙarancin nasarar makaranta, rashin shirye-shiryen aiki, tashin hankali na gida, sa hannu kan jin dadin yara, da sauran tasirin rayuwa.

Har ila yau, akwai farashin tattalin arziki da ACEs ke fuskanta. Nazarin ACEs ta yi kira ga sauye-sauye a cikin lafiyar jama'a da kuma samar da iyaye da ayyukan iyali da aka nuna don kara yawan aikin iyali da hana cin zarafi. Shawarwarin binciken bai haifar da manufofin tarayya, jihohi, ko na gida ba wanda zai tabbatar da muhimman ayyuka don hana ACEs. Maimakon haka, masu ba da kiwon lafiya da malamai sun kalli ACEs a matsayin matsala da za a iya magance ta bayan ACEs da raunin da ya shafi ACEs ya faru, ta hanyar aikin da ake kira aikin da aka sani da raunin rauni. Tsarin al'umma na 100% yana ba da masu ruwa da tsaki na cikin gida, gami da zaɓaɓɓun jami'ai, dabarun tabbatar da cewa duk iyalai suna da damar yin amfani da ayyukan da aka nuna don hana ACEs da kuma magance raunin da ya shafi ACEs, gami na kiwon lafiya.

## Tarihi game da abubuwan da ke tattare da lafiyar jama'a
Labarin "A Critical Assessment of the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study at 20 Years" ya yi kira ga inganta dabarun rigakafin ACEs wanda aka jagoranta ta hanyar fahimtar abubuwan da ke haifar da lafiyar jama'a,    wanda shine yanayin yara da ke girma kuma ya haɗa da ayyukan da ke ƙayyade lafiyar mutum, aminci, ilimi da ingancin rayuwa.

Wadannan ayyuka sun hada da kula da lafiya, kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa, shirye-shiryen tsaro na abinci, gidaje masu araha, sufuri, tallafin iyaye, shirye-aikacen ilmantarwa na yara, makarantun al'umma masu cikakken wadata tare da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya,    shirye-shirye masu ba da shawara ga matasa, da horar da aiki.

Binciken da aka mayar da hankali kan gina ingantaccen abubuwan zamantakewa na kiwon lafiya ya gano ba kawai muhimman ayyukan iyali ba amma manufofi na jihohi da na gida waɗanda ke ƙayyade lafiyar muhalli, adalci na zamantakewa, tallafin al'adu da bangaskiya, da ilimi daga pre-K ta hanyar ilimi mafi girma wanda ya dace da kasuwar aiki. Abubuwan da ke tattare da kiwon lafiya na zamantakewa wani ra'ayi ne wanda ya zama sananne a cikin al'ummomin kiwon lafiya a cikin shekarun 1970 duk da haka zargi shi ne cewa shugabannin kiwon lafiya ba su tsara tsari don canza abubuwan da ke tattara kiwon lafiya (rashin ayyuka da manufofi da ke kare lafiyar mazauna) zuwa abubuwan da suka dace na kiwon lafiya  Akwai matsala a cikin al-amuran manufofi, kamar yadda masu ba da SDH mai kyau zasu iya tallafawa a kan tarayya, jihohi, da matakan gida. Manufar tsarin al'umma na 100% shine samar da manufofi da matakai don inganta muhimman ayyuka waɗanda ke wakiltar abubuwan da ke tattare da kiwon lafiya. Misali ya tsara tsarin manufofin jama'a wanda ke ba da taswirar hanya ga zaɓaɓɓun shugabannin don bin aiwatar da manufofi a kowane matakin gwamnati.

## Gudanarwa
Courtney a halin yanzu co-direkta ce ta Anna, Cibiyar Shekaru takwas a Jami'ar Jihar New Mexico, mai tallafawa shirin 100% na New Mexico. Ayyukanta na digiri a Jami'ar Kirista ta Texas sun kasance a cikin ilimin halayyar gwaji wanda aka mayar da hankali kan maganin shan miyagun ƙwayoyi da rigakafi. Har ila yau, ita ce marubuciya, tare da Dominic Cappello, na Anna, Age Eight: Rigakafin raunin yara da cin zarafin yara.

Ayyukan Courtney suna mai da hankali kan rigakafin ACEs da jagorancin SDH da jagorancin gida a cikin aikinsu na canza abubuwan da ke haifar da kiwon lafiya zuwa masu kyau, don haka rage yawan ACEs, rauni da ke da alaƙa da ACEs, ƙananan nasarorin makaranta, rikice-rikice na amfani da kwayoyi, da sauran ƙalubalen kiwon lafiyar jama'a da ilimi.

Ayyukan Courtney a cikin canjin zamantakewa sun kuma yi kira ga nuna gaskiya a cikin gwamnati don kara amincewa, amsawa, da tasiri tare da manufofin kiwon lafiya da ilimi wanda ke haifar da sakamako mai auna.

## Littattafai

* David, Shekaru 14: Wanene da abin da ke ƙayyade lafiyar yaranmu, ilimi, da makomar (da Dominic Cappello)   
* *Harin Hydras mai Shugabannin Uku* (da Dominic Cappello)   
* *100% Al'umma: Tabbatar da Ayyuka 10 masu mahimmanci don Rayuwa da bunƙasa* (da Dominic Cappello)   
* Anna, Shekaru takwas: Rigakafin da aka yi amfani da bayanai game da raunin yara da cin zarafi (da Dominic Cappello)   

## Manazarta