Kudin Rayuwa

**Vivian Distin** ( née **Liberto**, wacce a da ake kira **Cash** ; 23 ga Afrilu, 1934 - 24 ga Mayu, 2005) 'yar asalin Amurka ce kuma marubuciya. Ta shahara a matsayin matar mawaƙiya Johnny Cash ta farko kuma uwar 'ya'yansu mata huɗu. Ta zaburar da waƙarsa ta farko mai suna " I Walk the Line ". 

An haife ta kuma ta girma a San Antonio, Texas, kuma ta girma a gidan Sicily-Amurkawa 'yan Afirka kuma ta girma a Katolika. Ta auri Cash a San Antonio, amma sun rabu bayan shekaru da yawa. A shekarar 1965, an kama Cash, wacce ta riga ta shahara, saboda shan miyagun ƙwayoyi. Ta tsaya tare da shi a wannan lokacin, kuma hotunanta sun yaɗu sosai.

Tsakanin 1965 da 1966, ta fuskanci wariya saboda launin fatarta bayan da masu ra'ayin fifita fararen fata suka sanya ta a matsayin Bakar fata bisa ga bayyanarta a cikin hotunan. A lokacin, auren jinsi daban-daban haramun ne a wurare da yawa, kuma masu ra'ayin fifita fararen fata sun yi ikirarin cewa aurenta da Cash haramun ne. Sakamakon haka, ita da mijinta sun fuskanci cin zarafi, kuma an kaurace masa a Kudu na tsawon shekara guda har sai da manajansa ya ba da takardu da ke tabbatar da rarrabuwarta a matsayin Bakar fata.

Bayan rabuwar ma'auratan a shekarar 1966, kowannensu ya sake yin aure. Ita ce ke da babban alhakin renon 'ya'yansu mata. Yawanci suna yin lokaci a lokacin bazara tare da mahaifinsu da uwarsu, June Carter Cash, dukkansu mawaka/mawakan waƙa.

A rayuwar Distin ta baya, ta rubuta wani tarihin rayuwa, tare da Ann Sharpsteen, a ƙarƙashin tsohon sunan aurenta mai suna 'Vivian Cash'. An rubuta wannan littafin mai suna *I Walked the Line*, wanda ya dogara ne akan shekarunta da Johnny Cash. Ta zana daga wasiƙu da yawa da suka yi musayar su tsawon shekaru uku kafin aurensu, lokacin da yake aiki a Turai. An buga shi bayan mutuwarsa a shekarar 2007.

## Tarihin Rayuwa

An haifi Vivian D. Liberto a San Antonio, Texas . Ita, ɗan'uwanta Raymond Alvin da 'yar'uwarta Sylvia 'ya'yan Irene (née Robinson), mai gyaran gida, da Thomas Peter Liberto, mai sayar da inshora kuma mai sihiri mai son shiga.  Thomas 'yar asalin Sicily ce; iyayensa sun yi ƙaura zuwa New Orleans sannan Texas daga Cefalù, Palermo, Sicily . Irene 'yar asalin Jamusanci, Irish, da Afirka ta Kudu da Sahara ce; kakanninta suna Texas tun ƙarni na 19. Vivian da 'yan'uwanta sun girma a al'adun Katolika na Sicilian-American kuma sun halarci makarantun fararen fata a jihar da aka ware. 

### Haɗuwa da Johnny Cash
A ranar 18 ga Yuli, 1951, Vivian ta haɗu da Johnny Cash a wani filin wasan tsere a San Antonio, Texas.  Tana da shekaru 17, kuma yana da shekaru 19 a matsayin wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin Sojan Sama a horo na asali . Ma'auratan sun yi soyayya na tsawon makonni uku kafin Sojojin Sama su tura Cash zuwa Yammacin Jamus don rangadin shekaru uku. A lokacin rabuwar, ma'auratan sun yi musayar wasiƙu da yawa. Daga baya Liberto ta yi amfani da waɗannan a matsayin tushen tarihin rayuwarta mai suna *I Walked the Line* (2007). 

A ranar 7 ga Agusta, 1954, wata guda bayan sallamar Cash, an yi musu aure a Cocin Katolika na St. Ann da ke San Antonio. Kawun Vivian wanda firist ne na Katolika, Fr Vincent Liberto ne ya yi bikin misalan auren.

Bayan sun yi aure, Cashes ya zauna a Memphis, Tennessee, inda Johnny Cash ya ɗauki aiki a matsayin mai sayar da injin tsabtace gida yayin da yake ci gaba da aikinsa na kiɗa. A cikin shekarar farko ta aurensu, Johnny Cash ya zama tauraron mawakan ƙasar da ke tasowa.

### Matsar zuwa California
Bayan nasarar da ya samu cikin sauri, Cash ya mayar da Vivian da iyalansu zuwa Hollywood, inda ya fara harkar fina-finai da kuma hulda da masana'antar nishaɗi lokacin da ba ya cikin yawon shakatawa. 

A shekarar 1961, Johnny Cash ya ƙaura da iyalin zuwa wani gida mai tsayin tudu da ke kallon Casitas Springs, California . Ya taɓa kawo iyayensa zuwa yankin don gudanar da wani ƙaramin wurin shakatawa na tirela mai suna Johnny Cash Trailer Park. Ganin cewa Cash sau da yawa yana nesa da gida a lokacin yawon buɗe ido kuma yankin ba shi da kayan more rayuwa, Vivian da 'ya'yanta mata suka zama masu kaɗaici. Sau da yawa Vivian tana aika macizai masu kama da nama da sauran kwari a kusa da gidan. 

### Fuskantar wariyar launin fata
A shekarar 1965, an kama Johnny Cash a Texas saboda mallakar ɗaruruwan ƙwayoyin amphetamine da kuma kawo ƙwayoyi cikin Amurka ta kan iyakar Mexico. Duk da cewa ma'auratan sun rabu tsawon shekaru uku, Vivian ta tashi zuwa El Paso, Texas don raka Cash zuwa zaman sauraron shari'ar kotunsa.  Wani hoto mai baƙi da fari da aka ɗauka daga kotun ya jawo hankalin Vivian Cash a karon farko. *The Thunderbolt*, wata wasiƙar labarai ta wariyar launin fata da shugaban Ku Klux Klan (KKK) JB Stoner ya buga, ta buga wani labari mai kalaman ɓatanci game da ita da aurensu. Jam'iyyar kare haƙƙin jama'a ta ƙasa ta White States ta rarraba shi.

Kanun labaran ya karanta "Kama Ya Tonawa Matar Johnny Cash Mai Zafi." Dangane da labarin da ke cikin *The Thunderbolt*, Johnny Cash ya ɗauki hayar lauyan Nashville Johnny Jay Hooker kuma ya yi barazanar shigar da ƙarar dala miliyan 25 a kan KKK . Duk da haka lamarin ya ɓace ba da daɗewa ba kuma babu wani tasiri ga aikin Cash a lokacin. 

Kusan shekaru biyu bayan haka, KKK ta sake farfaɗo da harin da ta kai wa mawaƙin. Ba su ji daɗin sukar da ya yi wa Amurka game da yadda take mu'amala da 'yan asalin Amurka   da kuma alaƙarsa da Bob Dylan da sauran masu adawa da al'adu ba.

An tsangwami Vivian da Johnny Cash da wasiƙun ƙiyayya da barazanar kisa. An rarraba takardu a wuraren kide-kide na Johnny Cash suna kira ga mutane su kira lambar waya wadda ta nuna labarin Thunderbolt; wata murya tana cewa, "masu haɗa tseren wannan ƙasar suna ci gaba da sayar da rikodin ga 'ya'yanku matasa."  Sun tsangwami ma'auratan kuma suka kauracewa mawaƙin a Kudu. 

Saul Holiff, manajan Johnny Cash, ya gana da Robert Shelton, Babban Mayen Ku Klux Klan, kuma ya yi barazanar shigar da ƙarar dala $200,000 saboda cin zarafi. Holiff ya kuma tuntuɓi jaridu na ƙasa da na gida don gyara labarin; ƙoƙarinsa ya haɗa da wani labari da aka karɓe da kyau a cikin *jaridar New York Post* . 

Ya kuma shirya a yi bincike da kuma rubuta tarihin Vivian Cash. Kwararru sun lura da nadin Vivian a matsayin White a takardar shaidar aurenta a Texas, jerin makarantun da ta halarta a jihar da aka ware, da kuma wasiƙu daga makusantanta da ke tabbatar da sanin asalinta. Da yake an kafa matarsa a matsayin "farar fata", an yanke shawarar cewa Johnny Cash ya cancanci a sake yin rajista a wurare a Kudu. 

### Mutuwa
Vivian ta mutu a ranar 24 ga Mayu, 2005, sakamakon matsalolin da suka shafi cutar kansar huhu da kuma tiyatar da ta shafi hakan.  

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An raba Vivian da Johnny Cash a shekarar 1962. Daga baya Liberto ta ce ta shigar da ƙarar saki a shekarar 1966 saboda yadda Cash ke shan barasa da sauran ƙwayoyi masu yawa, da kuma yawan yawon buɗe ido da yake yi da kuma yawan zina da yake yi da wasu mata. Ya kasance kusa da mawaƙiya June Carter, wacce daga baya ya aura. Vivian ce ke da alhakin kula da 'ya'yan Cash guda huɗu.   Biyu daga cikinsu sun bi mahaifinsu zuwa harkar wasan kwaikwayo: Rosanne, wacce ta zama babbar mawaƙiya-marubuciya; Kathy; Cindy, wacce ita ma ta zama mawaƙiya-marubuciya/marubuciya; da Tara. Tsararraki na gaba kuma sun shiga harkar wasan kwaikwayo: Babban jikan Vivian, Thomas Gabriel, mawaƙiya-marubuciya ne a Nashville, Tennessee . Jikanta Dustin Tittle furodusa ne. 

A shekarar 1968, Liberto ta auri Dick Distin, wani jami'in 'yan sanda a Ventura, California . Sun yi aure har zuwa mutuwarta.

## Memoir
A shekara ta 2002, marubuciya mai zaman kanta kuma furodusa Ann Sharpsteen ta nemi Vivian game da fitowa a wani shiri na baya-bayan nan game da Johnny Cash don VH1 . Duk da cewa ta ƙi tayin, matan biyu sun zama abokai na kud da kud. Vivian ta yanke shawarar buga tarihin rayuwarta, ta ɗauki Sharpsteen aiki a matsayin edita da mai rubuta tarihin rayuwa. Littafin mai suna *I Walked the Line: My Life With Johnny* (2007). 

Ya dogara ne akan ɓangarorin da aka tattara daga dubban wasiƙun da ta yi musayar su da Johnny Cash a lokacin da aka tura shi aiki na shekaru uku kafin aurensu. Bugu da ƙari, ya haɗa da tunaninta game da soyayyarsu da aurensu, da kuma yadda Johnny Cash ya shahara. Ta kuma bayyana yadda take ji game da June Carter, wacce ta auri Cash bayan shi da Vivian sun rabu. 

## Asalin Halitta
A watan Fabrairun 2021, masanin tarihi Henry Louis Gates Jr., mai gabatar da shirin *Finding Your Roots*, ya gabatar da Rosanne Cash a matsayin bako. Masu bincikensa sun yi nazarin bangarorin biyu na iyalan iyayenta ta hanyar takardu da kuma nazarin DNA.

Sun tabbatar da asalin mahaifiyarta Vivian Liberto na Sicilian, wanda aka rubuta tsawon shekaru 300 a Cefalù, Sicily . Kakan Vivian Rosario Liberto ya isa New Orleans a shekarar 1895 ya yi ƙaura zuwa San Antonio, Texas . A can ya auri wata mace 'yar Italiya daga garinsu, kuma ya kafa wani gidan sayar da kayan abinci na Italiya mai nasara.

Sun sami sanannun kakannin Vivian na Jamus da Irish. Sun kuma gano cewa ɗaya daga cikin kakannin Vivian na uwa ita ce Sally Shields, wata mace 'yar asalin jinsi daban-daban wadda aka haifa a bauta a Alabama . Mahaifiyar Sally 'yar Afirka ce da aka bauta. Mahaifin Sally Ba'amurke Ba'amurke Ba'amurke Bafaranshe kuma ubangidansa shine William Bryant Shields, wani mai shukar da aka haifa a North Carolina kuma ɗan wani baƙo ɗan ƙasar Ireland. Ya kuma haifi 'yan'uwa takwas na Shields.

Ya yi amfani da dukiyarsa da tasirinsa na siyasa don samun ikon majalisar dokoki a shekarar 1848 don 'yantar da dukkan 'ya'yansa tara. A wannan lokacin majalisar ba ta sake barin mutane su yi wa bayi 'yanci ta hanyar ayyukan sirri ko wasu irin waɗannan ayyuka ba.  Dokar majalisar ta kasance sharaɗi, tana mai cewa 'yancin' yaran Shields "an killace shi ne kawai don zama a gundumomin Perry, Dallas da Wilcox ".  Bugu da ƙari, hakan ya hana su samun damar gadon ƙasa.  An lura da Shields a cikin wasu bayanan a matsayin "ba a san shi a cikin al'umma mai kyau ba," wataƙila saboda amincewarsa da danginsa na jinsi daban-daban da ƙoƙarinsa a madadinsu,  a cikin al'ummar bayi waɗanda ba sa son amincewa da irin waɗannan "iyalai masu inuwar".

Shirin ya gano cewa Sally Shields ta auri wani Bafaranshe, Andrew Robinson, a shekarar 1838 a Perry County, Alabama . Har yanzu tana bauta, don haka auren ya kasance haramun domin ba a yarda bayi su yi aure ba,  amma mijinta ya sanya takardar shaidar dala $200 don samun rajistar auren daga magatakardar gundumar, don tabbatar da shi halaltacce. 

Da uba fari da uwa wadda ta fi rabin fari, 'ya'yan Robinson sun fi yawa daga zuriyar fararen fata. An rarraba 'ya'yansu a matsayin Mulatto (ko gauraye) a ƙidayar jama'a ta 1870 a Texas. Ɗansu Lafayette Robinson kakan mahaifiyar Vivian Cash ne kai tsaye.  Kamar Sarah, 'yan'uwan Shields duk sun auri matan fararen fata, haka ma zuriyarsu. 

A cewar DNA, Rosanne Cash tana da kashi 3.3% na asalin Afirka a kudu da hamadar Sahara. Duk da cewa masu binciken ba su sami tabbacin rubuce-rubuce ba, bayanan DNA sun nuna cewa Rosanne tana da asalin Afirka a gefen mahaifinta ban da na mahaifiyarta. Ta hanyar asalin Afirka, ita (da 'yan uwanta mata) 'yan uwan jarumar Angela Bassett ne. 

Da farko suna zaune kusa da juna a gundumar Perry, yawancin manyan 'ya'yan dangin William B. Shields sun bar Alabama suka yi ƙaura zuwa Texas, inda ba a iya gane su a matsayin ' yan ƙabilar gauraye ba saboda suna cikin mutanen da ba su san asalinsu ba. Domin gujewa shiga cikin ƙungiyar Confederacy, iyalin Robinson da sauran 'yan'uwan Shields sun yi ƙaura a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa zuwa Mexico na ɗan lokaci. Bayan yaƙin, sun koma Texas.  A shekarun 1930, bayanan ƙidayar jama'a da mutuwar zuriyar Andrew da Sarah (Shields) Robinson sun lissafa su duka a matsayin Fari. 

A cewar marubuciyar tarihin rayuwarta Ann Sharpsteen, da kuma kalamanta a cikin tarihin rayuwarta na 2007, Vivian Cash ta bayyana kanta sosai a tsawon rayuwarta a matsayin Ba’amurke Farar Sicilian . Cash ta ce a cikin tarihin rayuwarta, "Bai taimaka ba cewa Johnny ya ba da sanarwa ga KKK yana sanar da su cewa ni ba baƙar fata ba ne. Har zuwa yau ina ƙin lokacin da zarge-zarge da barazanar daga irin waɗannan mutane suka kasance masu daraja tare da kowace amsa."

## Wakilci a wasu kafofin watsa labarai

* Rosanne Cash ta sadaukar da kundin wakokinta, *Black Cadillac* ga Vivian Liberto, mahaifinta, da kuma uwar miji, June Carter Cash. Waƙoƙin "Burn Down This Town" da "I Was Watching You" suna nuni ne kai tsaye ga Vivian.
* An nuna Liberto a cikin fim ɗin tarihin rayuwar Cash mai suna *Walk the Line,* wanda Ginnifer Goodwin ta fito a cikinsa. Anna Grace Stewart ta fito a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen CMT *mai suna Sun Records* .
* An rubuta tarihin rayuwar Liberto a cikin shirin gaskiya mai suna *My Darling Vivian* (2020). 

## Manazarta