Leonard Crow Dog

**Leonard Crow Dog** (18 ga Agusta, 1942 - 5 ga Yuni, 2021) ya kasance likitan Lakota kuma shugaban ruhaniya. Ya zama sananne a lokacin da Lakota ta mamaye garin Wounded Knee a Pine Ridge Indian Reservation a Dakota ta Kudu a 1973, wanda aka sani da Wounded Cnee Incident . Ta hanyar rubuce-rubucensa da koyarwarsa, ya nemi ya haɗa kan mutanen Indiya daga dukkan al'ummomi. A matsayinsa na mai kula da maganin gargajiya da kuma jagora na bukukuwan Sun Dance, Crow Dog ya sadaukar da kansa don kiyaye al'adun Lakota da rai.

## Tarihi
An haifi Leonard Crow Dog a ranar 18 ga watan Agusta,, a cikin dangin Sicangu Lakota a yankin Rosebud Indian Reservation a Dakota ta Kudu. : 19 Ya kasance zuriyar dangin gargajiya na likitoci da shugabannin. Sunan Crow Dog fassarar fassarar ce mara kyau daga Kyangǧí Šuŋkmánitu ( "Crow-coyote"). Iyayensa sun yi imanin cewa zai zama mai warkarwa don haka ba su tura shi makaranta ba. Saboda haka ya girma ba tare da sanin yadda ake karatu ko rubutu ba. A lokacin da yake da shekaru bakwai Crow Dog ya fara ne da likitoci hudu. Ya fara neman hangen nesa na farko yana da shekara 13.

## Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka
A cikin 1970 ɗan gwagwarmaya Dennis Banks ya sadu da Crow Dog. Bankunan sun kasance suna neman jagora na ruhaniya ga Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Indiya (AIM), wadda ta fara a tsakanin Indiyawan birane a Minneapolis a cikin 1968. Crow Dog ya riga &#x5B; &#x5D; ya haɗa mutane a kan Rosebud Indian Reservation don tsarawa da aiki tare a kan batutuwan da suka shafi Indiyawa. 

AIM ta shirya babban maci na 1972 Trail of Broken Treaties zuwa Washington, DC, don neman kulawar shugaban kasa ga al'amuran Indiya. Sun yi kamfen ne a madadin tsoffin sojojin Indiya waɗanda ba sa samun ayyukan da suke buƙata. Crow Dog ya kuma jagoranci zanga-zangar a Rapid City da kuma garin Custer, South Dakota don neman adalci ga laifukan ƙiyayya ga Lakota.

Muhimman abubuwan Crow Dog sun tsara Dokar Ƙaddamar Kai da Ilimi ta Ba'amurke,  wani muhimmin doka da aka rattaba hannu a cikin 1975 wanda ya kawar da pendulum daga haɗewa da kuma girmama al'adun al'adu.

Halin da ke kan Rijiyar Indiya ta Pine Ridge, wanda ke da iyaka da Rosebud, ya ƙara yin tashin hankali. Shugaban kabilar Dick Wilson, wanda 'yan adawa suka yi imanin cewa an zaɓe su da zamba. &#x5B;&#x5D; sun tara ƙarfi da yawa. Ya kirkiri rundunar ‘yan sanda ta sirri, wacce aka fi sani da Guards of the Oglala Nation (GOONs), wacce aka yi amfani da ita wajen murkushe adawar siyasa. Mazauna yankin Pine Ridge da suka gaji da cin hanci da rashawa a gwamnatin kabilanci da wulakanci da turawa suka yi sun taru domin nuna adawa. A cikin 1973 Oglala Lakota na Pine Ridge ya mamaye ƙauyen Raunin Knee don neman adalci daga gwamnatin tarayya da kawo ƙarshen wa'adin Wilson. 

Samun Wounded Knee yana da ma'ana ta musamman ga Crow Dog saboda kakansa, Jerome Crow Dog, ya kasance Ghost Dancer. Bayan ya sami wahayin, Jerome ya gargadi masu rawa da yawa su nisanta su daga babban taron kabilun a cikin 1890; ya cece su daga kasancewa wadanda ke fama da kisan kiyashi na Wounded Knee . Lokacin da Leonard Crow Dog ya tafi Wounded Knee a 1973, ya damu sosai. Daga baya ya ce:A tsaye a kan tsaunin da aka binne mutane da yawa a cikin kabari guda, na tsaya a cikin wannan duhun sanyi a karkashin taurari, sai na ji hawaye na gangarowa a fuskata. Ba zan iya kwatanta abin da na ji ba. Na ji muryoyin ’yan rawa fatalwa da suka daɗe da mutuwa suna kuka gare mu. &#x5B;&#x5D;

## Kurkuku
Ba da daɗewa ba bayan abin da ya faru na Wounded Knee ya ƙare, gwamnatin tarayya ta fara gurfanar da shugabannin AIM saboda tuhume-tuhume daban-daban. Wata farkon watan Satumba a shekara ta 1975, jami'an FBI 185, marshals na tarayya, da ƙungiyoyin SWAT sun bayyana a Crow Dog's Paradise suna neman Leonard Peltier, wanda ake zargi da kisan jami'anFBI biyu a Pine Ridge Reservation. Sun kama Crow Dog a matsayin wanda ake zargi; an fara tsare shi a babban sashin tsaro a Leavenworth, inda aka sanya shi a cikin kurkuku na makonni biyu. Bayan haka an tura shi daga wani kurkuku zuwa wani sau da yawa bayan an same shi kuma an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku na dogon lokaci. 

Majalisar Ikklisiyoyin Kasa ta ɗauki shari'ar Crow Dog kuma ta tara $ 150,000 don roko. Vine Deloria, Jr. na ɗaya daga cikin lauyoyin da ke da hannu a madadinsa. Koyaya, an ƙi roƙonsa. Lokacin da ƙungiyar kare Crow Dog ta je gaban alƙali don neman rage hukuncin, sun ga wani dogon tebur da aka ɗora tare da haruffa da korafe-korafe daga ko'ina cikin duniya don tallafawa Crow Dog. Alkalin tarayya ya ba da umarnin cewa a saki Crow Dog nan da nan. Ya riga ya yi kusan shekaru biyu na hukuncinsa.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Crow Dog ya auri matarsa ta farko, Francine, a cikin Cocin 'yan asalin Amurka. : 91 Ya ɗauki sunan "Defends His Medicine", dangane da tsirrai mai tsarki na peyote.

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan Wounded Knee, Crow Dog ya fara aurensa na biyu. Ya auri Mary Ellen Moore, wanda daga baya aka sani da Brave Bird, tare da bikin bututu. Sun zauna a Crow Dog's Paradise tare da iyayen Crow Dog, yara uku daga aurensa na baya, da kuma dan Maryamu, Pedro.

Ɗansa, Leonard Alden Crow Dog, ya zama mai zane, jagoran ruhaniya, da kuma Sundance Chief. Yarinyar da ya haifa ita ce Jancita Eagle Deer, wacce ta mutu a

Crow Dog ya auri Joanne Roulette a shekarar 1998. Mary Brave Bird ta mutu a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 2013.

Crow Dog ya mutu yana da shekaru 78 a ranar 5 ga Yuni, 2021, a Rapid City, Dakota ta Kudu, daga ciwon hanta. A cikin wata sanarwa da aka sanya a Facebook, Philip Yenyo, babban darakta na Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka ta Ohio, ya kira mutuwar Crow Dog "babban asara ga al'ummar asalin tsibirin Turtle da Ƙungiyar Indiya ta Amurka. ”

## Annabci
A cikin 1978, Leonard Crow Dog ya kasance ɓangare na Tafiya mafi tsayi daga Washington, DC, zuwa Black Hills. Sauran masu halarta a kan Tafiya sun haɗa da Kankana Slim, wanda ya shiga a kan mil 20 na ƙarshe. Crow Dog yayi annabci ga gungun cewa, "'yan adam suna da wasu 'yan shekaru da za su daina yaga Uwar Duniya, ko kuma ta dauki kanta daga gare mu." 

Crow Dog ya ba da labarin tarihin iyali ta hanyar tsararraki huɗu na dangin Crow Dog. Littafin ya ba da cikakken bayani game da Masu rawa da fatalwa, ƙungiyar da ta kawo "sabuwar hanyar yin addu'a, ta danganta da ruhohi"; Jerome Crow Dog, kakan kakan Leonard Crow Dog, wanda shine ɗan asalin ƙasar Amirka na farko da ya lashe shari'a a Kotun Koli a cikin Crow Dog; da kuma mahaifin Leonard, Henry, wanda ya gabatar da peyote don amfani mai tsarki ga Lakota Sioux. Crow Dog ya kuma ba da cikakken bayani game da bukukuwan kabilanci na Lakota da ma'anar su, da kuma hangen nesa game da tafiyar 1972 a Washington da kuma kewaye da Wounded Knee a 1973.

## Bayanan da aka ambata