Yawan jama'a a Scotland

**yawan jama'a na [[Scotland]]** ya haɗa da dukkan fannoni na yawan jama'a, na baya da na yanzu, a yankin da ke Scotland. Scotland tana da yawan mutane 5,463,300 a cikin 2019. An kiyasta yawan jama'a a cikin 2011 a matsayin 0.6% a kowace shekara bisa ga Binciken Shekara-shekara na GROS na 2011.

Yana rufe yanki na  kilomita 78,78 (30,418 sq , Scotland tana da yawan jama'a na  (174/sq . Kimanin kashi 70% na yawan mutanen ƙasar (miliyan 3.5) suna zaune a cikin Central Belt - yankin da ke cikin arewa maso gabas- kudu maso yamma tsakanin manyan Biranen Scotland na Edinburgh da Glasgow, gami da manyan ƙauyuka na Paisley, Stirling, Falkirk, Perth da Dundee, a cikin Lowlands na Tsakiya (80%). Sauran yawan jama'a sun haɗa da gabar arewa maso gabashin Scotland, musamman yankunan da ke kusa da biranen Aberdeen da Inverness, da kuma gabar yammacin da ke kusa le garin Ayr. Highlands na Scotland da tsibirin tsibirin Eilean Siar suna da mafi ƙarancin yawan jama'a a 9 / km2 (23/sq mi). Glasgow tana da mafi yawan jama'a a 3,28  mi). 

Har zuwa watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2011, alhakin kimanta yawan mutanen Scotland, da kuma yin rikodin haihuwa, Mutuwa da Aure, Babban Ofishin Rijistar Scotland (GROS) ne ke kula da shi, wanda Babban Rijistar na Scotland ke jagoranta. Daga 1 ga Afrilu 2011 zuwa gaba, GROS ya haɗu da Tarihin Kasa na Scotland don zama Tarihin Kasa na Scotland. Har yanzu ana buƙatar sabon ƙungiyar a ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan Dokar Rijistar Haihuwa, Mutuwa da Aure (Scotland) ta 1965, don gabatar da rahoton shekara-shekara na Janar-Janar game da yanayin yawan jama'a ga Gwamnatin Scotland. Tare da sauran Ƙasar Ingila, National Records for Scotland kuma tana da alhakin gudanar da ƙididdigar yawan jama'a na shekaru goma. Kwanan nan ya faru ne a watan Maris na shekara ta 2022.

## Yawan jama'a na tarihi

### Canjin yawan jama'a a tsawon lokaci
A cikin Ƙasar Ingila, ana yin ƙidaya a kowace shekara goma daga 1801 zuwa gaba; ban da 1941 saboda Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. Bayanan yawan jama'a na shekaru da suka gabata an bayar da su daga kundin adireshi da jaridu  

Bayani

a. Babu ƙidaya a cikin 1941 duk da haka akwai National Register of the Civilian Population a cikin 1939

### Haihuwar haihuwa da mutuwa

**Tebur na haihuwa da mutuwa tun daga 1900**

(c) = sakamakon ƙidayar jama'a na 2022.

* Tushen: Babban Ofishin Rijistar Scotland Kididdigar Haihuwar da Mutuwa daga 1900

### Kididdigar muhimmancin yanzu

### Gidaje ta yawan jama'a
 
Wuraren haihuwar da masu amsa suka bayar ga ƙididdigar 1991, 2001, 2011 da 2022 sune kamar haka:

Adadin mutanen da ke zaune a Scotland da aka haifa a waje da Burtaniya ya kasance 10.2% a 2022, idan aka kwatanta da 7.0% a 2011, 3.8% a 2001 da 3.0% a 1991. Da ke ƙasa akwai ƙungiyoyi goma sha biyar mafi girma a ƙasashen waje a Scotland bisa ga ƙidayar shekara ta 2022, tare da ƙididdigar da ta gabata guda uku.

## Shekaru

9Rarraba shekarun da suka danganci ƙididdigar 2011 kamar haka.

## Ƙabilar

Ƙididdigar 1991, 2001, 2011 da 2022 sun rubuta kabilun da suka biyo baya:



### Kabilanci na ɗaliban makaranta

## Bayyanawa ta ƙasa

An tambayi tambaya game da asalin ƙasa a cikin ƙidayar shekara ta 2011: "me kuke jin shine asalin ƙasarku?".  Masu amsawa za su iya bayyana kansu a matsayin masu mallakar ƙasa fiye da ɗaya.

* 62% sun bayyana kansu a matsayin 'Scottish kawai'
* 18% sun bayyana kansu a matsayin 'Scottish' da 'British'
* Kashi 8% sun bayyana kansu a matsayin 'Birtaniya kawai'
* 2% sun bayyana kansu a matsayin 'Scottish' tare da sauran wadanda ba na Burtaniya ba
* 10% sun bayyana kansu tare da wasu asalin ƙasa / kabilanci kawai (ba na Scotland ko na Burtaniya ba) 

Yankunan majalisa tare da akalla kashi 90% na yawan jama'a da ke nuna wasu 'Scottish' asalin ƙasar sune Arewacin Lanarkshire, Inverclyde, Gabashin Ayrshire da Yammacin Dunbartonshire. Mafi ƙarancin mutanen da ke bayyana wasu 'Scottish' sun kasance a Edinburgh (70%) da Aberdeen (75%). 

Yankunan majalisa tare da mafi girman rabo na mutanen da ke bayyana 'Birtaniya' a matsayin asalin ƙasarsu kawai sune Argyll da Bute da Shetland, kowannensu yana da kashi 12%.

## Addini

Kididdigar daga ƙididdigar 2022, 2011 da 2001 an tsara su a ƙasa.

## Harsuna
 
Ingilishi shine harshe da aka fi magana a Scotland. Harsuna biyu na yanki na Scotland, Gaelic na Scotland da na zamani, ana kiyaye su a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Turanci don Harsunan yanki ko Ƙananan Harsuna. An rubuta ƙwarewa a cikin waɗannan harsuna ga waɗanda suka kai shekaru uku da sama a cikin ƙididdigar Burtaniya ta 2021 kamar haka:

 
Fiye da harsuna 170 ana magana da su a Scotland. Harsunan 4 da aka fi magana da su ba na Turanci ba a gida (ta mutanen da ke da shekaru 3 da sama) sune: Scots (55,817), Polish (54,186), Sinanci (27,381), da Urdu (23,394). 

## Tarihin jama'a

a wasu lokuta a lokacin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki na ƙarshe (130,000-70,000 BC) Turai tana da yanayin zafi fiye da na yau, kuma ɗan adam na farko mai yiwuwa sun yi hanyarsu zuwa yankin Scotland a yanzu, kodayake masu binciken kayan tarihi ba su sami wata alama ba.  Glaciers sai suka zazzaga hanyarsu a cikin mafi yawan Biritaniya, kuma bayan da ƙanƙara ta ja da baya ne Scotland ta sake zama wurin zama, kusan 9600 BC.] Mafarautan mafarauci sun kafa sansani na farko da aka sani, kuma masu binciken archaeologists sun yi kwanan wata wani wuri kusa da Biggar zuwa kusan 8500 BC.  antlers, mai yiwuwa tare da ƙarancin yawan jama'a.] Noman Neolithic ya kawo matsuguni na dindindin, kamar gidan dutse a Knap na Howar akan Papa Westray wanda ya kasance daga 3500 BC, da kuma yawan yawan jama'a.  Bincike mai zurfi na Black Loch a cikin Fife yana nuna cewa ƙasar noma ta bazu a cikin kuɗaɗen daji daga kusan 2000 BC har zuwa lokacin ƙarni na farko AD Romawa sun ci gaba zuwa cikin ƙasan Scotland, yana ba da shawarar faɗaɗa mazauna.  Bayan haka, an sake yin girma na birch, itacen oak da hazel na tsawon ƙarni biyar, wanda ke nuna cewa mamayewar Romawa ya yi mummunan tasiri ga yawan mutanen ƙasar..

Akwai kusan babu rubuce-rubuce da za a sake gina yawan jama'a na farkon tsakiyar Scotland. An kiyasta yawan mazauna 10,000 a Dál Riata da 80-100,000 na Pictland, wanda mai yiwuwa shine mafi girman yankin. Wannan bai haɗa da adadi ga sassan Northumbria yanzu a Scotland ba. Wataƙila ƙarni na 5 da na 6 sun ga yawan mace-mace mafi girma saboda bayyanar annoba ta bubonic, wanda zai iya rage yawan jama'a. Binciken wuraren binnewa na wannan lokacin kamar na Hallowhill, St Andrews ya nuna tsawon rayuwa na 26-29 kawai. An dauki sanannun yanayi don ba da shawarar cewa yana da yawan haihuwa, yawan mace-mace, kamar kasashe masu tasowa da yawa a duniyar zamani, tare da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga ta matasa, kuma watakila haihuwa da wuri, da kuma yawan yara ga mata. Wannan zai nufin cewa akwai ƙananan ma'aikatan da ke akwai ga yawan bakuna don ciyarwa. Wannan zai sa ya zama da wahala a samar da wadata wanda zai ba da damar ci gaban jama'a da al'ummomi masu rikitarwa don bunkasa. Daga kafa Masarautar Alba a karni na goma, zuwa kafin Black Death ya kai kasar a cikin 1349, kimantawa bisa ga adadin ƙasar da za a iya magani, ya nuna cewa yawan jama'a na iya girma daga rabin miliyan zuwa miliyan. Kodayake babu wani abin dogaro da takardu game da tasirin annoba, akwai nassoshi da yawa game da ƙasar da aka watsar a cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya. Idan tsarin ya biyo bayan hakan a Ingila, to yawan jama'a na iya faduwa zuwa rabin miliyan a ƙarshen karni na 15. Idan aka kwatanta da halin da ake ciki bayan sake rarraba yawan jama'a a cikin bayanan da aka yi da kuma juyin juya halin masana'antu, waɗannan lambobin za a yadu daidai a kan masarautar, tare da kusan rabin da ke zaune a arewacin Tay. Wataƙila kashi goma cikin dari na yawan jama'a sun zauna a ɗaya daga cikin birane da yawa waɗanda suka girma a ƙarshen zamani, galibi a gabas da kudu. An ba da shawarar cewa za su sami matsakaicin yawan jama'a kusan 2,000, amma da yawa za su kasance karami fiye da 1,000 kuma mafi girma, Edinburgh, mai yiwuwa yana da yawan jama'ar sama da 10,000 a ƙarshen zamanin.
]
Ƙididdigar da ta danganci dawowar Harajin Zuciya na shekara ta 1691 ta nuna yawan jama'a 1,234,575, amma wannan adadi na iya shafar yunwa ta 1690s. Bayani na farko da za a iya dogara da shi shine ƙididdigar da Reverend Alexander Webster ya gudanar a 1755, wanda ya nuna mazaunan Scotland a matsayin 1,265,380. A lokacin ƙididdigar shekaru goma na farko a cikin 1801, yawan jama'a ya kai 1,608,420. Scotland ta ci gaba da girma a cikin karni na 19, zuwa 2,889,000 a 1851 da 4,472,000 a 1901.  Ko da tare da ci gaban masana'antu akwai isasshen ayyuka masu kyau, a sakamakon haka, a lokacin 1841-1931, kimanin Scots miliyan 2 suka yi hijira zuwa Arewacin Amurka da Ostiraliya, kuma wasu Scots 750,000 suka koma Ingila.

Tare da yawan jama'a miliyan 4.8 a shekara ta 1911, Scotland ta aika da mutane 690,000 zuwa yakin duniya na farko, wanda 74,000 suka mutu a yakin ko kuma daga cututtuka, kuma 150,000 sun ji rauni sosai.  Don haka, ko da yake Scots sun kasance kawai kashi 10 cikin 100 na al'ummar Biritaniya, sun kasance kashi 15 cikin 100 na sojojin ƙasa kuma a ƙarshe sun sami kashi 20 cikin 100 na waɗanda suka mutu.] Yayin da ƙaura ta fara shiga cikin Ingila da Wales bayan yakin duniya na farko, [4] ya ci gaba da tafiya a Scotland, tare da 400,000 Scots, kashi goma cikin dari na yawan jama'a, tsakanin 19 da 19 da aka kiyasta sun bar ƙasar.  Tashin hankali ya shiga cikin shekarun 1930s babu wani aiki mai sauƙi a cikin Amurka da Kanada kuma ƙaura ya faɗi ƙasa da 50,000 a shekara, wanda ya kawo ƙarshen lokacin ƙaura da aka buɗe a tsakiyar karni na 18.  Wannan ya ba da gudummawa ga karuwar jama'a, wanda ya kai kololuwar 5,240,800 a cikin 1974. Daga nan kuma ta fara raguwa sannu a hankali, ta koma 5,062,940 a 2000. Haka kuma an samu raguwar wasu mazauna birane sakamakon manufofin tsugunar da jama'a, da zaftarewar jama'a, da kaura zuwa sabbin garuruwa, tare da raguwar yawan jama'a miliyan 1 daga Glas.  629,000 a shekara ta 2001. Kuma yankunan karkara sun yi asarar yawan jama'a, musamman tsaunuka da Hebrides.

## Canjin yawan jama'a

Yawan mutanen Scotland ya karu mafi yawan shekaru tsakanin ƙidayar farko a 1855 har zuwa kusan miliyan 5.2 a 1974.  Koyaya, daga 1974 zuwa 2000 akwai raguwar yawan jama'a, tare da yawan Mutuwa da aka yi a kan haihuwa da kuma ƙaura a kan shige da fice - musamman ga sauran Ƙasar Ingila. Tun daga shekara ta 2000 yawan jama'a ya karu mafi yawan shekaru kuma an yi hasashen zai kai kololuwa a cikin 2028 a miliyan 5.48 sannan daga baya ya ragu zuwa miliyan 5.39 a cikin 2045.

Yawan yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 5 ya karu da kashi 6% (293,000) a cikin shekaru goma tsakanin 2001 da 2011. Koyaya, yawan yara masu shekaru 5-14 sun ragu da 11% (69,000). Yawan mutanen da suka wuce 65 sun karu da kashi 11% (85,000) kuma yanzu suna wakiltar kashi 17% na yawan jama'a kuma a karo na farko akwai mutane da suka wuce shekaru 65 da ba su kai shekara 15 ba. Abin sha'awa, a cikin 2011 akwai mutane 230,000 sama da shekaru 80.
Fayil:Live_births_per_1000_women_by_age_grouping_in_Scotland.svg|Live births per 1,000 women by age grouping in Scotland
Fayil:Live_births_per_1000_women_in_single_year_ages_in_Scotland.svg|Live births per 1,000 women in single year ages in Scotland
Fayil:Stillbirth_rate_in_Scotland_over_time.svg|Stillbirth rate in Scotland over time


### Gudun Hijira
Kididdiga ta Burtaniya ta 2021 ta yi rikodin mutane 648,418 waɗanda aka haifa a Scotland amma yanzu suna zaune a Ingila da Wales (1.1% na jimlar yawan jama'a).  Kudu maso Gabashin Ingila (mutane 118,021), Arewa maso Yamma na Ingila (89,025) da Greater London (75,004) sune manyan wurare uku da suka fi fice, tare da kusan kashi 43% na al'ummar Scotland da aka haifa a Ingila da Wales.  A cikin kwatankwacin ƙidayar da aka gudanar a cikin 2022, akwai 506,207 waɗanda aka haifa a Ingila da kuma mazauna Wales 18,219 da ke zaune a Scotland, jimilar 524,426 (9.6% na jimlar yawan jama'a).  'Yan siyasa da malaman jami'a sun kuma lura cewa a cikin shekarun farko na karni na 21 a baya yanayin ƙaura daga Scotland ya koma baya tare da gagarumin ƙaura zuwa Scotland daga sauran Birtaniya.  Tsakanin 2001 da 2011 al'ummar Scotland sun karu da kashi 5% (233,000), mafi saurin bunƙasa aƙalla shekaru 100.] Hakazalika, tun daga shekara ta 2004 ma ana samun karuwar masu shigowa daga sabbin ƙasashe na EU kamar Poland, Czech Republic, Lithuania da Latvia, wanda ke ba da gudummawar haɓakar yawan jama'a na baya-bayan nan.  Sakamakon haka, tun daga 2002 a hankali yawan haihuwa ya karu tare da haihuwar 53,957 da aka rubuta a cikin 2004, kuma a cikin 2008 adadin haihuwar rai ya kasance 60,041 Tsakanin 2001 da 2022, adadin mazaunan da ba 'yan Burtaniya ba da ke zaune a Scotland ya karu daga 191,571 (jimlar 3.8% na Scotland) zuwa 3.8% na yawan mutanen Scotland.  (10.2% na yawan jama'a). 

## Sauran kididdiga
Rarraba jima'i: *a lokacin haihuwa:* 1.04 namiji (s) / mace a ƙarƙashin shekaru 15: 1.04 namizi (s) *mace *Shekaru 15-64:* 0.94 namiji (shekaru) / mace shekaru 65 da sama: 0.88 namiji (sa) / mace jimlar yawan: 0.94 namizi (sa) *maza (Mid-2011 est.) 

**Rayuwa da ake tsammani a lokacin haihuwa (2011):** mata:-cx="{}" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":"GROSreview2011"},"body":{"html":" , Accessed 10 February 2013"}}' id="cite_ref-GROSreview2011_1-2" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Demographics_of_Scotland#cite_note-GROSreview2011-1 [1] *Yawan jama'a:* shekaru 78.4 ga waɗanda aka haifa a cikin 2010 (cf. 72.2 a cikin 1981) *namiji:* shekaru 76.1 ga waɗanda aka Haifa a cikin 2011 (cf. 69.1 a cikin 1981). mace: shekaru 80.6 ga waɗanda akahaifa a cikin 2013 (cf. 75.3 a cikin 198) 

**Yawan haihuwa gabaɗaya:**  Yawan haihuwa gaba ɗaya (GFR) ya dogara ne akan yawan haihuwa ga mata 1000 na shekarun haihuwa (watau shekaru 15-44).

A shekara ta 2011 an haifi 56.4 ga kowace mace 1000. Don kwatanta, a ƙarshen ƙarni na 20 ya kasance mafi girma a lokacin 'ƙananan yara' na shekarun 1960. GFR ta kai yawan haihuwa 99.5 ga mata 1000 a shekarar 1962. A shekara ta 2001 GFR ta fadi zuwa matakin mafi ƙasƙanci bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II na haihuwa 50 ga mata 1000.

**Harsuna:** Turanci, Scots (ciki har da Doric, Tsakiya da Yankin) da Gaelic

**Aure:**  A cikin 2011 akwai aure 29,135 a Scotland. Wannan karuwar kashi 2.3% ne a kan 2010.

Ta hanyar kwatanta tarihi, mafi girma da aka taɓa samu shine 53,522 a cikin 1940. A cikin 1970s an sami matsakaita tsakanin 40 zuwa 45,000 aure a shekara.  Ƙididdigar shekara mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya kasance 27,524 a cikin 2009 kuma mafi ƙanƙanta akan rikodin shine 19,655 a cikin 1858.

Abubuwan da ke da sha'awa sune yawan abin da ake kira 'auren yawon bude ido', inda babu wani abokin tarayya da ke zaune a Scotland. A shekara ta 2011 akwai irin waɗannan auren 6,829, wanda kashi 48% ya faru a Gretna, mafi mashahuri daga duk wuraren bikin aure.

Haɗin gwiwar jama'a: [1] Dokar Haɗin kai ta 2004 ta fara aiki a cikin Disamba 2005. A cikin 2006 adadin rajistar haɗin gwiwar farar hula ya kasance 1,047.  Wani adadi na kashe daya da aka ba da adadin daɗaɗɗen alaƙa waɗanda suka riga sun wanzu waɗanda za a iya yin rajista.  Tun daga wannan lokacin adadin bukukuwan a kowace shekara ya ragu daga 688 a 2007 zuwa rajista 465 a 2010. 2011 ya sami karuwa na farko tun 2006 tare da rajista 554.