Thomas R. Odhiambo

Farfesa Thomas Risley Odhiambo (Fabrairu 4, 1931 - Mayu 26, 2003) masanin ilimin halitta ne na Kenya kuma mai fafutukar kare muhalli wanda ya jagoranci bincike da ci gaban kimiyya a Afirka.￼

## Rayuwa da ilimi
Odhiambo ya yi karatu a Makarantar Maseno a Kenya,  Jami'ar Makerere a Uganda da Kwalejin Queens's, Cambridge a Burtaniya.

Ya kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin Halitta ta Duniya da Ilimin Halitta (icipe) kuma ya taimaka wajen kafa cibiyoyin ilmantarwa guda uku: Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Duniya ta Uku, Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kenya da Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Afirka .

Ya zaburar da malamai da shugabannin Kenya daban-daban, musamman, masanin ilimi Odhiambo Siangla da ɗan siyasa Kalonzo Musyoka .

Ya karfafa masu tunani masu tasowa da su shiga cikin fasaha mai kyau, bincika dangantakarta da tarihin kimiyyar rayuwa da kuma fita waje don ƙirƙirar makarantun duniya da cibiyoyin bincike ta hanyar amfani da fasaha. Tasirinsa mai ban sha'awa ya haifar da sake bullowar ɗimbin ilimi da tsarin fasaha na asali a cikin duniyar Afirka ta zamani. Ya jagoranci hangen nesa kan ci gaban aikin gona a Afirka ta hanyar ƙaddamar da ingantattun ayyukan kimiyya waɗanda ke haifar da ci gaba a cikin noman amfanin gona na asali da kuma yada hanyoyin magance kwari. Farfesa Odhiambo, wanda ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Cambridge, da ke Birtaniya, ya kammala digirin digirgir a shekarar 1965 a karkashin kulawar guru na ilimin kimiyyar kwari, Vincent Wigglesworth, yana samar da kasida ta 'ban mamaki' kan ilimin halittar farar hamada, inda ya samar da jerin takardu 14. akan batun. Ya nuna alamar zuwansa cikin duniyar kimiyyar kwari ta hanyar gajeriyar hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar rubutawa a cikin mujallar Nature mai taken, Sakamakon Metabolic na corpus allatum hormone, a cikin farar hamada, Schistocerca gregaria . ￼

## Wanda ya kafa icipe (Cibiyar Kasa da Kasa don Kwayoyin Halittu da Ilimin Halitta)
Bayan ya koma Kenya, Farfesa Odhiambo, ya dauki matsayi a matsayin malami a Sashen nazarin dabbobi a Jami'ar Nairobi . A cikin 1967, mujallar Kimiyya ta tuntube shi don ya rubuta sharhi kan matsayin kimiyya a Afirka.  A cikin labarin, Farfesa Odhiambo ya lura cewa, ana buƙatar binciken kimiyya cikin gaggawa a Afirka ta bayan mulkin mallaka, don samar da dabarun kare muhalli don ƙara yawan amfanin gona, da kuma magance cututtuka masu zafi da na wurare masu zafi. Ya jaddada cewa, kamata ya yi kimiyyar da ake gudanarwa a Afirka ta kasance a cikin zuciyarta na bunkasa rayuwar kananan manoma.

A sa'i daya kuma, Farfesa Odhiambo ya bayyana cewa, al'ummar kimiyyar 'yan asalin Afirka 'yan kadan ne, kuma nahiyar ba ta da kayan aiki, ta fuskar kudi da ababen more rayuwa, don tinkarar kalubalen da ake fuskanta yadda ya kamata. Don haka, ya ba da shawarar cewa, mafi kyawun mafita na dogon lokaci na Afirka don gudanar da bincike mai inganci, shi ne a mai da hankali kan }o}arin cibiyoyi masu nagarta.

Da yake ba da misalin da a ƙarshe ya kai ga kafa icipe, Farfesa Odhiambo ya ba da shawarar cewa binciken kwarin na Afirka za a iya kasancewa a cibiyar da za ta kasance mafi kyawun kayan aiki, wanda za a yi amfani da shi sosai. Irin wannan cibiya za ta sami ma'aikata na dindindin; Hakanan za ta horar da matasa masu bincike daga Afirka tare da ba da dama ga sauran masana kimiyya daga ko'ina cikin duniya da ke neman 'sabuntawa na lokaci-lokaci'. A cikin kalaman Farfesa Odhiambo, cibiyar kimiyyar kwari za ta zama 'mafi ƙarfi ga waɗanda aka ƙaddamar da waɗanda ke son a soma bincike'.

Tunanin Farfesa Odhiambo ya sami goyon baya daga, da sauransu, Carl Djerassi, mashahurin masanin kimiyyar Amurka. Tare, Odhiambo da Djerassi sun saita ƙafafun don ƙaddamar da icipe. Daga ƙarshe, sun sami goyon bayan 21 na kasa da kasa academies na kimiyya a fadin duniya, wanda ya zama masu daukar nauyin icipe, samar da daraktocin bincike na waje da ake bukata.

An bayyana icipe don kasuwanci a cikin 1970, ɗaya daga cikin manufofinsa shine ƙirƙirar ƙwararrun 'ɗakin ɗan adam' a cikin binciken kwari da fannonin kimiyya, don ba da damar Afirka ta ci gaba da dorewar kanta da kuma jagorantar duk duniya mai zafi a duniya. wannan fanni na kokari.

Daga baya Farfesa Odhiambo ya ce: “A zahiri ra’ayin ya kasance mai sauqi qwarai, ka samu mutanen da suka fi kowa kyau sannan idan kana da ƙarin kuɗi, ka sanya gine-gine da kayan aiki kewaye da su.”

A farko kudi sun yi karanci a icipe, kuma hedkwatar Cibiyar ta kunshi wasu bariki da aka yi hayar itace da ke gefen tsaunin Chiromo Campus a Jami'ar Nairobi. Mai bincike na farko na digiri na farko ya isa wurin aiki a cikin garejin da ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye lokacin da aka yi ruwan sama kuma ana inganta kasafin kuɗi daga mako zuwa mako.

A yau, icipe yana tsaye a matsayin cibiyar ƙwararrun kimiyya da horarwa a Afirka. Kuma kamar yadda Farfesa Odhiambo ya yi fata, hakika yana da ma'aikata musamman na masana kimiyya na Afirka. icipe a halin yanzu yana da ma'aikata sama da 400, kuma Cibiyar tana haɗin gwiwa tare da tsarin ƙasa sama da 200, cibiyoyin bincike da jami'o'i a duniya.

Tunanin Farfesa Odhiambo na cikakken kimiyya a yau yana kunshe a cikin tsarin 4Hs na Cibiyar, wanda ke nuna lafiyar mutum, dabba, shuka da muhalli. Manyan wuraren bincikensa sun hada da cututtukan cututtuka, irin su sauro da tsetse, da kuma kwari na hatsi da kayan lambu. icipe scientists kuma suna gudanar da bincike kan kwari masu amfani kamar kudan zuma da asu na siliki. 

## Girmamawa da kyaututtuka

* Kyautar Shugabancin Afirka ta 1987 tare da Shugaba Abdou Diouf na Senegal . 
* Albert Einstein Medal
* Gold Mercury International Award
* Lambar Zinare ta Maris International Congress of Plant Protection
* Babban Doctorate na Kimiyya daga Jami'ar Oslo
* 1992 An zabe shi ga Ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Amirka 
* 1985 aka zabe shi a matsayin wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Afirka. 

## Littattafai da wallafe-wallafe

* Ilimin Amfani da Ƙasa don Dorewar Abinci a Afirka, 1994
* Kimiyya don Ci gaba a Afirka : Abubuwan da aka ba da shawara kan Gudanar da Kimiyya don Ci gaba a Afirka, Duduville, Kasarani, Nairobi, Kenya, Nuwamba 21-24, na Turner Timinipre Isoun, 1988
* Fatan Haihuwa Daga Bakin Zuciya : Gudanar da Rikicin Afirka, Jami'ar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya,

## Kara karantawa

* Thomas A. Bass, *Zango tare da Yarima*, Moyer Bell, London, 1997, pp.&nbsp;53-86
* Rachel Galun da Onesmo K. ole-MoiYoi, *Obituary: Thomas Risley Odhiambo (1931-2003)* Nature 2003, ISSU 6954, shafi na 142

## Duba kuma

* Mutanen Luo na Kenya da Tanzaniya

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Ehsan Masood, *Thomas Odhiambo: Masanin ilimin halitta yana amfani da kimiyya don matalauta Afirka* a cikin The Guardian Yuni 23, 2003 an shiga http://education.guardian.co.uk/obituary/story/0,12212,983229,00.html Afrilu 11, 2007
* James Njoroge, *Kenya yana alhinin mutuwar wani "katon kimiya"* SciDev. Net May 23, 2003 aka shiga a http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=828&language=1  Afrilu 11, 2007