Richard Alley

**Richard Blane Alley** (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga Agusta 1957)  masanin ilimin ƙasa ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka kuma Farfesa Evan Pugh na kimiyyar ƙasa a Jami'ar Jihar Pennsylvania .  Ya rubuta littattafai sama da 240 na kimiyya game da alaƙar da ke tsakanin cryosphere na Duniya da sauyin yanayi na duniya,  kuma Cibiyar Bayanai ta Kimiyya ta amince da shi a matsayin Mai Bincike Mai Suna .    

## Ilimi
Alley ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Jihar Ohio da Jami'ar Wisconsin–Madison, inda aka ba shi digirin PhD a shekarar 1987. 

## Bincike da aiki
A shekarar 1999, Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa Al Gore ya gayyaci Alley don ya ba da shaida game da sauyin yanayi  bayan binciken da ya yi da kusurwoyin kankara na Greenland ya nuna cewa zamanin kankara na ƙarshe ya ƙare ba zato ba tsammani da tashin hankali maimakon sakamakon sauyi a hankali.  Ya sake bayyana a gaban Kwamitin Kasuwanci, Kimiyya, da Sufuri na Majalisar Dattawan Amurka a shekarar 2003; a gaban Kwamitin Kimiyya da Fasaha na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka a shekarar 2007;  da kuma a shekarar 2010.  

Shaidar Alley ta 2007 ta kasance saboda rawar da ya taka a matsayin babban marubucin littafin "Babi na 4: Lura: Canje-canje a Dusar ƙanƙara, Kankara da Ƙasa Mai Sanyi" a cikin Rahoton Kimantawa na Huɗu na Kwamitin Gudanarwa kan Sauyin Yanayi (IPCC). Ya shiga cikin kwamitin haɗin gwiwa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya / WMO tun daga 1992, bayan ya kasance marubuci mai ba da gudummawa ga rahotannin kimantawa na biyu da na uku na IPCC.

Alley ya rubuta takardu da dama a cikin mujallun *Nature* and *Science*,       kuma ya jagoranci Majalisar Bincike ta Ƙasa kan *Sauyin Yanayi na Abrupt* . A shekara ta 2000, ya buga littafin *The Two-Mile Time Machine: Ice Cores, Abrupt Climate Change, and Our Future* . Ya fito a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa da suka shafi sauyin yanayi kuma ya gabatar da gabatarwa da hirarraki da yawa ga jama'a game da batun.    

Alley ya yi jawabin Bjerknes a taron American Geophysical Union na 2009 mai taken "Babban abin da ke damun mutane - Carbon Dioxide a tarihin yanayi na Duniya". Bidiyon gabatarwar  yana nan (kuma ana iya samu a YouTube).

Aikinsa na baya-bayan nan ya yi nazari kan zanen kankara da abubuwan da ke shafar "kitse", tsarin da zanen kankara ke rabuwa da shi.  

## Lambobin yabo da girmamawa
An ba Alley kyautar Seligman Crystal a shekara ta 2005 "saboda gagarumar gudunmawar da ya bayar wajen fahimtarmu game da daidaiton kankara da ƙanƙarar Antarctica da Greenland, da kuma zaizayar ƙasa da kuma lalata ta hanyar wannan kankara mai motsi."  Alley yana ɗaya daga cikin masana kimiyya da dama na Penn State waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Sauyin Yanayi, wanda ya raba kyautar zaman lafiya ta Nobel ta 2007 tare da Al Gore.

A shekarar 2005, shi ne kuma wanda ya fara lashe lambar yabo ta Louis Agassiz saboda "gudummawarsa mai kyau da dorewa ga ilimin taurari da kuma yadda ya isar da muhimman batutuwan kimiyya a fagen manufofin jama'a".  Ambaton lambar yabo da ya bayar ya ce "Shi mutum ne mai tunani, kaifin basira da barkwanci, kuma har yanzu yana cikin ƙaya a bayan gwamnatin Bush." 

A shekara ta 2008, an zaɓe Alley a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa . An zaɓe shi a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a shekara ta 2010. 

A shekarar 2011, ya sami kyautar Heinz ta shekara-shekara ta 17 tare da mai da hankali na musamman kan muhalli.  

A ranar 28 ga Afrilu, 2014, Cibiyar Ilimi ta Kimiyya ta Ƙasa ta sanar da cewa an ba Alley da Michael E. Mann kyautar farko ta Abokin Duniya ta shekara-shekara.  An zaɓe shi a matsayin Memba na Ƙasashen Waje na Royal Society (ForMemRS) a cikin wannan shekarar, naɗinsa ya ce:

Ya lashe kyautar BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award ta shekarar 2014 a fannin sauyin yanayi saboda "binciken farko" da ya yi kan "injunan kankara da tasirinta ga sauyin yanayi kwatsam," a cewar ambaton alkalan. Shi ne wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Wollaston Medal a shekarar 2017, wacce ita ce babbar kyauta da ƙungiyar Geological Society of London ta bayar. An keɓe ta ne ga masana kimiyyar ƙasa waɗanda suka yi tasiri sosai a fagen ta hanyar bincike mai tasiri.

A shekarar 2018, an nada Alley a matsayin wanda ya lashe kyautar Roy Chapman Andrews Society Distinguished Explorer.  An zabi Alley ne saboda binciken da ya yi wanda ya inganta fahimtar saurin sauyin yanayi da kuma kwanciyar hankali na yanayin wurare masu zafi.

A watan Janairun 2025, Shugaba Biden ya ba Alley lambar yabo ta ƙasa ta Kimiyya . 

## Jerin Talabijin
Baya ga bincikensa, Alley ya yi ta fitowa a talabijin da dama. A ranar Lahadi, 10 ga Afrilu, 2011, PBS ta ƙaddamar da wani shiri na musamman kan sauyin yanayi, mai suna *EARTH: Littafin Jagorar Masu Aiki*,  wanda Alley ya shirya.  Manufar shirin ita ce gabatar da kimantawa mai ma'ana, mai sauƙin fahimta game da matsalolin Duniya da hanyoyin magance su, da nufin barin masu kallo su san abubuwa, su sami kuzari da kuma kyakkyawan fata. Shirin ya ci gaba har zuwa 2012 a kan PBS da rassansa. Shirin yana tare da littafi mai suna iri ɗaya, shi ma Richard Alley.  An buga shi a ranar 18 ga Afrilu, 2011. Ya kuma bayyana a cikin shirye-shiryen shirin *Mega Disasters* na Tashar Tarihi . &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Manazarta