Guguwar Chido

**Guguwar Tropical Cyclone Chido** wani ƙarami ne amma mai ƙarfi sosai, mai lalacewa, kuma mai kisa wanda ya shafi Kudu maso gabashin Afirka a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2024. Chido, wanda ke nufin sha'awa a Shona, shine guguwa ta uku da ake kira kuma guguwa mai tsanani ta biyu a cikin guguwar guguwar Kudu maso Yammacin Tekun Indiya ta 2024-25. Ya zama guguwa mai karfi na wurare masu zafi da ta shafi Agaléga tun lokacin Cyclone Andry a 1983, kuma guguwa mai karfi da ta buge Mayotte a kalla shekaru 90. Har ila yau, ita ce guguwa mafi tsada a cikin rikodin a cikin Kudancin Yammacin Tekun Indiya, ta wuce Cyclone Idai na 2019.

Chido ya samo asali ne daga yaduwar da ofishin Météo-France a Réunion (RSMC La Réunion) ya fara saka idanu a ranar 7 ga Disamba, wanda ke gabashin Diego Garcia. A cikin binciken bayan guguwa, an nuna cewa guguwar ta riga ta fara zama yanki na yanayin damuwa a ranar 5 ga Disamba. A ranar 11 ga watan Disamba, Chido da sauri ya zurfafa kuma ya kara karfi a cikin guguwa mai zafi a cikin sa'o'i goma sha biyu, Taron da idonsa ya wuce Agaléga. Da farko washegari, Cibiyar Gargadi ta Hadaddiyar Hadari ta Amurka (JTWC) ta inganta tsarin zuwa guguwa mai zafi mai kama da Category 4, tare da kimanin minti 1 mafi girman iskar  km / h (155 , yayin da MFR ta kiyasta ƙarfin ƙarfinta tare da mafi ƙarancin matsin lamba na tsakiya na    da kuma minti 10 mafi girman iska mai ɗorewa na  km / h (30  yayin da yake riƙe da girman ƙarami kuma ya koma yamma. Yayin da tsarin ya wuce daga arewacin Madagascar, ido ya ɗan share kuma tsakiya mai zurfi ya kasance mai ƙanƙanta da daidaitawa. Chido ya shiga Tashar Mozambique a ranar 14 ga watan Disamba, tare da hotunan microwave da ke nuna ƙungiyoyin da aka tsara sosai na zurfin convection. Hotunan tauraron dan adam sun nuna girgije mai sanyaya da ke kewaye da ido mai haske, yana nuna karfafa guguwar, kuma a ranar 15 ga Disamba, Chido ya sauka a Pemba, Mozambique, tare da iska mai tsawo na minti 10 da aka kiyasta a  km / h (125 . Ba da daɗewa ba bayan sauka, MFR ta ba da rahoton cewa Chido ya wuce ta Mozambique da Malawi, tare da aikin convective a hankali ya raunana. A ranar 16 ga watan Disamba, Chido ya lalace ya zama mummunan rauni, kuma MFR ta ba da shawara ta ƙarshe game da tsarin. 

Mutuwar akalla mutane 172 an danganta su da Chido; 120 a Mozambique, 39 a Mayotte da 13 a Malawi, tare da raunin sama da 6,534 . Chido ya shafi Agaléga sosai, tare da sama da kashi 95% na gine-ginen yankin da aka lalata, kodayake daruruwan mutuwar sun faru. Ba a yi komai ba don shirya guguwar a Mayotte, wanda ya sami mummunar lalacewa da kuma yawan mutanen da suka mutu da suka ɓace daga Chido. Ba a lissafa mazauna da yawa ba, tare da yawancin garuruwan shanty gaba ɗaya sun lalace kuma kashi 85% na tsibirin sun bar ba tare da wutar lantarki ba a ranar 16 ga Disamba. A Mozambique, sama da gidaje 155,500 sun sha wahala sosai kuma an lalata dukkan al'ummomi. Ƙananan lalacewa sun faru a cikin Comoros da Madagascar. Asarar tattalin arziki daga Chido ya kai dala biliyan 3.9, yana mai da shi Guguwa mafi tsada a cikin Kudancin Yammacin Tekun Indiya.

## Tarihin yanayi

Cyclone *Chido* ya samo asali ne daga yaduwar da ofishin Météo-France a Réunion (MFR) [nb 1] ya fara saka idanu a ranar 7 ga Disamba, wanda ke gabashin Diego Garcia. A cikin binciken bayan guguwa, an nuna cewa guguwar ta riga ta fara zama a matsayin yanki na yanayin damuwa a ranar 5 ga Disamba. A ranar 8 ga watan Disamba, a karfe 08:00 UTC, Cibiyar Gargadi ta Hadaddiyar Daular Amurka (JTWC) [nb 2] ta ba da faɗakarwar fashewar Guguwa ta wurare masu zafi, tana lura da cibiyar watsawa mai ƙarancin matakin da kuma yanayi mai kyau Taron da ƙananan iska da yanayin zafi na teku wanda ya wuce 28-29 ° C (82-84 ° F). Kashegari, JTWC ta fara bayar da gargadi ga tsarin, ta rarraba shi a matsayin Tropical Cyclone 04S, yayin da hotunan tauraron dan adam suka nuna wani ɓangaren da aka fallasa a gefen gabas na fashewar zurfin convection, wanda kusan ya kasance mai zagaye a siffar kuma yana da girgije mai sanyi fiye da -80 ° C (-112 ° F ). A 00:00 UTC a ranar 10 ga Disamba, MFR ta ba da rahoton cewa tsarin ya kara karfi a cikin guguwa mai zafi, tare da Ma'aikatar Kula da Yanayi ta Mauritius suna kiranta Chido, yayin da convection ya karu sosai a tsakiyar tsarin, tare da sanyaya saman girgije da fadada tsakiyar dusar ƙanƙara (CDO). [nb 3] Guguwar ta koma yamma, kuma MFR ta ba da rahoton cewa da sauri ta kara karfi a cikin guguwa mai tsanani a kusa da 12:00 UTC a wannan rana, ta yi nuni da dabarar Dvorak - hanyar da aka yi amfani da ita don tantance ƙarfin guguwar zafi bisa ga bayyanar tauraron dan adam. A rana mai zuwa, Chido ya inganta sosai a cikin tsari, tare da hotunan tauraron dan adam da ke nuna sabon fasalin ido, tsarin daidaitawa mai yawa, da kuma ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa a kusa da tsarin. A sakamakon haka, MFR ta inganta shi zuwa guguwa ta wurare masu zafi, kuma JTWC ta bi shi.

## Shirye-shiryen

### Mauritius da Madagascar
A Agaléga, mazauna sun nemi mafaka a tashar jirgin sama.

A Madagascar, jami'ai sun ce kodayake lalacewar Chido na iya zama karami, saboda halaye na guguwar da kuma ƙarfin yankin da ake sa ran za a shafa, samun dama zuwa arewacin tsibirin zai zama ƙalubale yayin da hanyoyin ƙasa har yanzu sun lalace daga guguwar baya. Koyaya, Ofishin Kasuwanci na Kasa da Gudanar da Bala'i (BNGRC) ya tura kayan abinci zuwa arewacin Madagascar, ban da kayan da aka riga aka samu ta hanyar abokan tarayya. UNICEF ta shirya shirya shirya jirgin sama na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNHAS) don gabatar da abubuwa a arewa inda matakan hannun jari suke da ƙarancin gaske. OCHA, don tallafawa BNGRC, ta gudanar da horo na farfadowa a kan kimantawa na sama da saurin buƙatun bangarori da yawa don kimanin ƙungiyoyi 40 tsakanin hukumomi, waɗanda za a tattara su a kowane lokaci idan ana buƙatar kimantawa bayan guguwa. An faɗakar da rassan Red Cross na Madagascar, an gano ƙungiyoyin mayar da martani ga bala'i kuma an tura kayan aikin gargadi na farko (EWS). Abokan jin kai sun ci gaba da saka idanu kan halin da ake ciki don tantance tallafin da ake buƙata. An tura ƙungiyoyi uku na BNGRC zuwa Antsiranana, Vohemar da Ambilobe don tallafawa ayyukan jira da aka gudanar a matakin gida ciki har da fitar da rigakafi. Har ila yau, Red Cross ta gudanar da kamfen na wayar da kan jama'a a yankunan Sava da Sofia ta hanyar fasalin mai gyara rikicin.

## Manazarta