Alice I. Bryan

**Alice I. Bryan** (an haife ta ne a ranar 11 ga watan Satumba, na shekara ta 1902 - 20 ga Oktoba, 1992) masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam ne na Amurka wanda ya yi aiki a tsakiya na ilimin halayya da ɗakin karatu. Binciken da ta yi ya rubuta nuna bambanci ga mata a cikin ayyukansu. Bryan ita ce ta kafa Majalisar Mata ta Kasa kuma farfesa ta farko a makarantar ɗakin karatu ta Jami'ar Columbia.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Alice Isabel Bever a Kearny, New Jersey a ranar 11 ga Satumban shekarar 1902 .  Ta yi karatu a gida kuma ta shiga makarantar sakandare da wuri. Ta fara aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar malama a lokacin da ta kammala a makarantar sakandare saboda karancin malamai a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na I. 

Bryan ya sami digiri uku a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam a Jami'ar Columbia: digiri na farko a 1929, digiri na biyu a 1930 da Ph.D. a 1934.  Rubutun digirin ta ya dogara ne akan nazarin dangantakar da ke tsakanin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da hankali a cikin yara masu shekaru biyar.

## Bincike da tallafin karatu
Bayan samun Ph.D., Bryan ta yi aiki a wasu mukamai na koyarwa na ɗan lokaci, gami da Kwalejin Sarah Lawrence da Cibiyar Pratt .  A shekara ta 1939 ta shiga Makarantar Laburaren Jami'ar Columbia a matsayin mataimakiyar farfesa. Bryan ya wallafa labarai a tsakiya na ɗakin karatu da ilimin halayyar dan adam, tare da batutuwa ciki har da hanyoyin bincike da dabarun hira.

An dauki Bryan a matsayin gwana a fagen bibliotherapy kuma ya taimaka wajen bayyana ƙwarewar a cikin shekarun 1930. Sabanin sauran masu sana'a waɗanda suka bayyana bibliotherapy kawai a matsayin magani ga marasa lafiya, Bryan ya ba da shawarar cewa zai iya zama a matsayin matakin kariya "don bunkasa balaga na motsin rai da ciyarwa da kiyaye lafiyar hankali".

A farkon yakin duniya na biyu, masana halayyar mata sun damu da cewa kawai masana halayya maza ne aka wakilta a Kwamitin Gaggawa a cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam, wanda aka kafa don kula da tattara masana halayensa a kokarin yaki. Bryan ta kafa Majalisar Mata ta Kasa a cikin 1940, inda ta jagoranci taron farko a cikin gidanta. Kungiyar daga baya ta zama Majalisar Mata ta Duniya. A duk lokacin da ta yi aiki, Bryan ta ba da gudummawa a matsayin shugabanci a kungiyoyi da yawa, gami da yin aiki don sake duba dokokin American Psychological Association da kuma aiki a matsayin babban sakatare na American Association for Applied Psychology . 

Bryan ta dauki sabbatical daga rawar da ta taka a Columbia don ci gaba da karatunta, gami da samun digiri na biyu a kimiyyar ɗakin karatu daga Jami'ar Chicago a shekarar 1951. An dauke ta ne don gudanar da binciken ma'aikatan ɗakin karatu don Binciken Laburaren Jama'a, tare da kudade daga Majalisar Binciken Kimiyya ta Jama'a.   Littafin da ya fito The Public Librarian, wanda aka buga a 1952, ya dogara ne akan ganawa da masu karatu sama da 3,000 a cikin ɗakunan karatu 60 a duk faɗin Amurka.  Binciken binciken ya haɗa da albashi mara isasshen albashi, da kuma gaskiyar cewa yawancin masu ɗakin karatu mata ne amma akwai ƙarancin wakilci na mata a matakin darektan.

A shekara ta 1956 Bryan ita ce mace ta farko da ta zama cikakken farfesa a Makarantar Columbia don Ayyukan Laburaren .  Ta ci gaba da bincikenta da kuma koyar da hanyar bincike; Bugu da ƙari ta taimaka wajen kirkirar shirin digiri na makarantar kuma ta jagoranci kwamitin digiri. Bryan ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 1971 kuma an ba shi suna farfesa emerita.

Ta mutu a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 1992, a Manhattan, New York . 

## Manazarta