Dokta Neil Trivett Global Atmosphere Watch Observatory

**Dokta Neil Trivett Global Atmosphere Watch Observatory** tashar tushe ce ta yanayi da Muhalli da Canjin Yanayi Kanada ke aiki da shi kusan  kudu maso yamma na Alert, Nunavut, a kan iyakar arewa maso gabas na tsibirin Ellesmere, kimanin  kudu da yankin Arewa Pole .

Cibiyar sa ido ita ce arewa mafi ƙasa da tashoshi 31 na duniya a cikin hanyar sadarwa ta ƙasa da ƙasa da Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya (WMO) ta hada kai a ƙarƙashin shirinta na Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) don nazarin illolin da gurbatar yanayi ke dadewa kan yanayin yanayi.  Daga cikin waɗannan tashoshi na 31, Jijjiga yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan iskar gas guda uku "supersites comparison supersites",  tare da Mauna Loa a Hawaii da Cape Grim a Ostiraliya, wanda, saboda wuraren da suke da nisa daga ayyukan masana'antu, suna ba wa al'ummar kimiyyar duniya bayanan asali na ilimin sunadarai na yanayi.

## Geography
Gidan kallon yana kan tudu kusan  kudu da tashar Sojojin Kanada (CFS) Jijjiga, wanda kanta yake a bakin Tekun Lincoln,  daga bakin Mashigin Nares . Yankin yana da yanayin aikin dusar ƙanƙara na baya-bayan nan, wanda har yanzu akwai dusar ƙanƙara da ake iya gani a tsakanin kololuwar kewayon Amurka kusan  zuwa yamma. Wurin da ke kewaye da dakin kallo nan da nan ba shi da kyau, wanda aka yi masa alama da tsaunin dutse da raƙuman ruwa da wasu ƙananan koguna waɗanda ba za su iya wucewa ba yayin freshet . 

A kudu, Winchester Hills sune babban abin da ake iya gani. Yawancin ƙananan tafkunan ruwa masu kyau suna ba da Faɗakarwar CFS (kuma ta tsawo, mai lura) tare da ruwan sha.

Saboda tsayin daka, mai lura yana samun hasken rana na sa'o'i 24 daga farkon Afrilu zuwa farkon Satumba, kuma rana ta kasance ƙasa da sararin sama daga tsakiyar Oktoba zuwa ƙarshen Fabrairu kuma duka dare na farar hula da dare na polar ruwa za su faru. Tsakanin tsaka-tsakin lokaci ana yiwa alama ɗan zagayowar rana . Lokacin duhun shine ke da alhakin yawancin sinadarai na musamman na yanayi wanda ke faruwa a lokacin fitowar rana. Rashin hasken rana don yin aiki a matsayin mai kara kuzari yana haifar da tarin gurɓataccen gurɓataccen yanayi daga yankunan masana'antu a kudu, kuma igiya na polar yana ƙarfafa wannan tasiri ta hanyar dauke da gurɓataccen abu a cikin babban Arctic . A lokacin fitowar rana, wannan gurɓatawar ita ce ke da alhakin wani abu da aka sani da haze na Arctic .

## Yanayi

Yanayin faɗakarwa ya bushe sosai, yana ganin hazo kaɗan kaɗan. (Hakika, ana ɗaukan hamada ne.) Abin da ruwan sama ke yi gabaɗaya yana zuwa ne ta hanyar hazo ko ɗigo a cikin watanni huɗu, Yuni zuwa Satumba. Dusar ƙanƙara mai yawan gaske tana iyakance ga lokacin daga Satumba zuwa Nuwamba, amma yana iya sake faruwa bayan fitowar rana. Fog ya zama ruwan dare saboda kusancin teku, musamman a lokacin rani da damina. Lokacin da yanayin zafi ya faɗi ƙasa da daskarewa a cikin Satumba da Oktoba, damshin iska kuma yana haifar da tarin sanyi.

Yanayi a cikin Faɗakarwa suna da sanyi, tare da watanni biyu kawai na shekara ana ganin matsakaicin yanayin zafi sama da wurin daskarewa. Kamar yawancin wurare a cikin Arctic, dusar ƙanƙara yana yiwuwa a kowane wata na shekara. Koyaya, Faɗakarwa baya sanyi kamar sauran wuraren da ke gaba kudu, kamar Eureka, saboda kusancin Tekun Arctic yana da tasirin daidaitawa. Ya fi dacewa a siffanta yanayi a Faɗakarwa a matsayin sanyi akai-akai, maimakon tsananin sanyi.

Iskar da ke ci gaba da tashi a dakin binciken ta fito ne daga kudu maso yamma, wanda yawanci ke kawo sararin sama da yanayin zafi. Iskar Arewa daga teku yawanci tana tare da hazo da faɗuwar zafin jiki kwatsam. Sai dai kuma, iskar arewa ma ba ta da maraba a wurin kallon, tun da ta ke kawo hayakin da injinan dizal na tashar. (Kasancewar irin wannan shaye-shaye ya sa ba za a iya karanta ingantaccen karatu na gurɓataccen yanayi a cikin waɗannan lokutan lokaci ba, tunda sa hannu na shaye-shaye yana da ɓangarorin sauye-sauyen lokaci wanda yanayin yanayin tushe da tashin hankali ya rinjayi. Don haka ba za a iya gyara shi ta hanyar cire shi daga karatun kayan aikin ba.)

Yanayin yanayi yawanci yana kwantar da hankali a cikin watannin hunturu masu duhu, da zarar igiyar igiya ta kafa don kakar. Uku cikin kwanaki biyar suna da saurin iska ƙasa da  a wannan lokacin na shekara. (Duk da haka, lokacin da yanayin iska ya taso a lokacin hunturu, yakan zama matsananci. Guguwa na iya ɗaukar kwanaki a lokaci ɗaya.) Waɗannan yanayi suna ci gaba ta hanyar fitowar rana ta iyakacin duniya, amma suna jujjuyawa sosai tare da farkon yanayin bazara, wanda ke kawo iska mai ƙarfi.

## Tarihi

Ƙaddamar da tashar haɗin gwiwar Arctic Weather (JAWS) a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1950  ya nuna farkon ci gaba da ma'aunin yanayi a cikin Alert . Tashar yanayin sau da yawa tana ba da tallafi ga binciken kimiyya a cikin Alert, gami da tarin samfuran flask na mako-mako don auna carbon dioxide, wanda aka fara ɗaukar shi a ranar 8 ga Yuli, 1975. 

Ƙara sha'awar nazarin abubuwan da suka faru kamar Arctic haze ya jagoranci wani taro a shekarar 1977 a Lillestrøm, Norway tare da halartar masana kimiyya na kasashe bakwai daban-daban. Bayan wannan taron, an ƙirƙiri Cibiyar Samar da Samfuran Jirgin Sama ta Arctic (AASN) don raba bayanai tsakanin ƙungiyoyin kimiyya a kowace ƙasa memba.  Don cika wajiban Kanada ga wannan shirin, an ƙirƙiri Cibiyar Samar da Samfuran Arctic Aerosol (CAASN), a ƙarshe ta ƙunshi tashoshi uku: Mold Bay (Afrilu 1979), Igloolik (Nuwamba 1979), da Faɗakarwa (Yuli 1980).  A cikin 1984, an tattara shirin kuma an sake mayar da hankali. Shirye-shiryen yin samfura a Igloolik da Mold Bay an daina dakatar da su, kuma shirin a Alert ya zama wani ɓangare na ainihin wa'adin sabon shirin Canadian Arctic Aerosol Chemistry Programme (CAACP). 

A hankali ƙara yawan adadin bincike na gwaji da ake yi a cikin Faɗakarwa ya sa gina cibiyar sa ido ta dindindin ya zama zaɓi mai dacewa. A cikin 1985, an kafa Shirin Baseline na Kanada, kuma a ranar 29 ga Agusta na shekara mai zuwa an buɗe Cibiyar Kula da Gurɓacewar iska ta Jijjiga (BAPMoN) bisa hukuma. A cikin 1989, an haɗa shirin BAPMoN na WMO tare da Global Ozone Observing System (GO 3 OS) don samar da Shirin Kallon Yanayin Duniya . 

A cikin 1992, an faɗaɗa ginin ginin na asali zuwa kusan girmansa sau uku, gami da ƙari na  hasumiya mai tsayi mai tsayi.

Bayan mutuwar Dokta Neil Trivett a shekara ta 2002 (mai binciken muhalli na Kanada wanda ke da alhakin gina cibiyar), an sake masa suna a hukumance a watan Yuli 2006 a matsayin Dr. Neil Trivett Global Atmosphere Watch Observatory. 

## Ma'auni da bincike

Baya ga ci gaba da shirye-shiryen samfurin flask, mai lura yana kula da babban rukunin shirye-shiryen ma'auni na ci gaba wanda ya haɗa da saka idanu akan iska, mercury, gas gas, ozone (duka matakin ƙasa da stratospheric), hasken rana mai ba da hasken rana da albedo, yanayin zafi na permafrost,  m Organic pollutants (POPs), da yanayin yanayin ƙasa. 

Cibiyar lura kuma tana goyan bayan gwajin gwaji na sabbin kayan aikin sa ido, da gajeren lokaci, shirye-shiryen bincike mai zurfi, misali, NETCARE (Network on Climate and Aerosols: Addressing Key Uncertainities in Remote Canadian Environments). 

Yawancin bincike da tattara bayanai a wurin lura yana da haɗin kai, ciki har da haɗin gwiwa na dogon lokaci tare da, misali, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),   Jami'ar Heidelberg,  Cibiyar Scripps na Oceanography,  CSIRO,  Albarkatun Halitta Kanada, da Lafiya Kanada . 

### Abubuwan lalacewa
Yayin da aka sani tun 1988  cewa matakin ozone na ƙasa yana raguwa cikin sauri a cikin Maris-Yuni kowace shekara, ba a gano ba sai 1995 cewa mercury na yanayi ya yi kusan iri ɗaya. (An shigar da na'urorin sa ido na farko na mercury na yanayi a wurin lura a waccan shekarar.) Har zuwa lokacin, an amince da cewa elemental mercury ya dawwama a sararin samaniya har tsawon watanni 6-12, wanda ya ba shi damar isa wurare masu nisa irin su Arctic, nesa da tushen hayaki.

A cikin lokacin bazara, mercury na asali yana fuskantar halayen oxidation na photochemically kuma yana jujjuyawa zuwa wani nau'in mercury da ba shi da ƙarfi kuma mara ƙarfi a cikin yanayi. Wannan wata hanya ce ta yadda za a iya cire mercury daga sararin samaniya kuma a ajiye shi zuwa ƙasa wanda ba a san shi ba.  Wadannan abubuwan da suka faru an kira su daga baya abubuwan da suka faru na mercury depletion events (AMDEs), da kuma ilimin kimiyyar da ke tattare da su tare da lalatawar ozone na lokaci guda ya kasance kuma yana ci gaba da bincike sosai. 

## Manazarta