María Remedios del Valle

**María Remedios del Valle** (kimanin 1768–1847) wacce aka fi sani da "Madre de la Patria" ( Uwar Gida ) soja ne mai afuwa wanda ya halarci Yaƙin 'Yancin Kan Argentina a gefen Lardunan Hadaddiyar Daular Río de la Plata .

Duk da cewa da farko ta kasance mai bin sansani na farar hula, ta shiga Rundunar Sojojin Arewa kuma ta shiga yaƙe-yaƙe da dama. Sojojin Spain sun kama ta bayan Yaƙin Ayohuma, amma ta tsere. An kashe dukkan iyalinta a yaƙin. Bayan yaƙin ya ƙare, ta koma Buenos Aires kuma daga ƙarshe ta koma roƙo. Bayan wani janar da ta yi yaƙi a ƙarƙashinsa ya gano ta, an amince da fansho wanda aka biya ta tsawon shekaru goma na rayuwarta.

An manta da ita sosai har zuwa farkon karni na 21 lokacin da masana tarihi na Argentina suka fara haɗa gudummawar Baƙar fata 'yan Argentina, yanzu an san ta sosai saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga 'yancin kai na ƙasar. Hotonta yana kan takardar peso 10,000 da aka fitar a watan Mayu na 2024. 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi María Remedios del Valle a Buenos Aires, Argentina kuma an saka ta a cikin bayanan sojojinta a matsayin *parda*, kalmar da a da ake amfani da ita ga zuriyar Turawa, ' yan asalin Amurka, da bayin Yammacin Afirka, wanda daga baya ya zama ruwan dare ga mutanen da galibinsu 'yan Afirka ne ko kuma gaba ɗaya.  Shaidar da aka bayar a cikin *Diario de Sesiones* na 1828, wani rikodin Majalisar Dokoki, ta nuna cewa tana "shekaru sittin ko fiye", inda aka sanya haihuwarta a kusa da 1768. 

## Sana'a
María Remedios del Valle, tare da mijinta da 'ya'yanta maza biyu, sun raka Rundunar Sojojin Arewa, waɗanda aka tura ta hannun Hadaddiyar Lardunan Río de la Plata don 'yantar da Peru da Upper Peru (yanzu Peru da Bolivia ) daga Spain .    Wannan shine karo na farko da aka fara yin balaguron soja zuwa cikin gida kuma ya bar Buenos Aires a ranar 20 ga Yuni 1810 ƙarƙashin jagorancin  kyaftin na Kamfani na 6 na Rundunar Sojojin Volante Artillery.  Da farko, del Valle yana cikin ' *yan Rabonas*, ko mabiyan sansani, waɗanda aka ɗauko daga talakawan birni da manoman karkara don bin sojoji da samar da ayyukan girki da jinya, ɗaukar makamai da harsasai, da kuma tattara bayanan sirri waɗanda za su iya taimaka wa sojoji.  

 tarihin shigar Del Valle cikin yaƙe-yaƙen " Huaqui (20 ga Yuni 1811) da kuma ja da baya da sojojin suka yi zuwa Jujuy, tserewa daga Jujuy (23 ga Agusta 1812), nasarorin da aka samu a Tucumán ( 24 ga Satumba 1812) da Salta (20 ga Fabrairu 1813), da kuma shan kaye a Vilcapugio (1 ga Oktoba 1813) da Ayohuma (14 ga Nuwamba 1813)".   Kafin Yaƙin Tucumán, ta nemi izini daga Janar Manuel Belgrano don kula da sojojin da suka faɗi a layin gaba. Belgrano ta ƙi izini, bisa dalilin cewa mata ba su dace da aiki a gaba ba. Yin watsi da umarninsa, del Valle ta ci gaba da shirinta kuma daga baya Belgrano ta amince da ita tare da matsayin kyaftin a cikin rundunar.   A lokacin Yaƙin Ayohuma, Del Valle ta ji rauni lokacin da abokan gaba suka harbe ta suka kuma kai ta fursuna daga sojojin Spain.  A lokacin da take tsare, ta taimaka wa fursunoni da dama a tserewa kuma an yanke mata hukuncin bulala a bainar jama'a  na tsawon kwanaki tara a jere. Daga ƙarshe ta tsere ta koma cikin rundunar sojoji don taimakawa waɗanda suka ji rauni a fagen daga, ta ci gaba da kasancewa har zuwa ƙarshen rikicin.   

Ba a san tarihin del Valle sosai ba bayan yaƙin ya ƙare a 1818, har zuwa kusan 1826. An san cewa mijinta da 'ya'yansa biyu sun mutu a rikice-rikicen, kodayake ba a fayyace takamaiman matakan da aka ɗauka ba. A ranar 23 ga Oktoba 1826,  ta nemi diyya don ayyukan da iyalinta suka yi a lokacin Yaƙin 'Yanci na Argentina, amma an musanta ikirarinta.  Rashin lafiya da tsufa sun takaita ikonta na kula da kanta, kuma del Valle ta fara roƙon abinci a gidajen ibada a birnin.   Janar Juan José Viamonte ya same ta a kan tituna cikin mummunan yanayi kuma ya roƙi majalisar dokoki a madadinta da ta ba ta fansho.  Tare da goyon bayan wasu janar-janar, kamar Anzoátegui, wanda a lokacin yake kyaftin; Janar Eustaquio Díaz Vélez, wanda ya shaida cewa ta yi aiki a matsayin mayaƙin 'yan daba, da kuma mai ba da taimako ga waɗanda suka ji rauni; da kuma Kanar Hipólito Videla, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa an raunata Del Valle kuma an daure ta a Ayohuma. Binciken da aka yi wa gawar del Valle ya tabbatar da cewa tana da tabo shida da ke nuna cewa harsasai da takubba sun raunata ta. 

Tomás de Anchorena, 'yar majalisa ita ma ta gabatar da wata ƙara a matsayinta na mai kare kanta kuma majalisar ta amince ta bai wa del Valle albashi na matsayin kyaftin na rundunar sojojin ƙasa. Daga baya aka ɗaga wannan zuwa diyya a matsayin babban sajan soja na rundunar sojojin ƙasa. An sanya Del Valle a matsayin mara aiki, tare da cikakken albashin da ya yi daidai da matsayinta a 1830. Ta ci gaba da karɓar fansho har zuwa rasuwarta a 1847, kodayake bayanai sun nuna cewa tsakanin 1836 da 1847, an biya Remedios Rosas.   Ana tsammanin ta canza sunanta don godiya ga gwamnan Buenos Aires, Juan Manuel de Rosas, saboda bayar da fanshonta. 

## Mutuwa da gado
Wani rubutu da aka rubuta a ranar 8 ga Nuwamba, 1847 a cikin bayanan fansho na soja ya nuna cewa Rosas ta mutu. [1] Ta fara bayyana a cikin wani littafin tarihi a Argentina a farkon shekarun 1930, lokacin da Carlos Ibarguren ya buga labarinta [1] kuma a shekarar 1944 Buenos Aires ta sanya wa titi suna don girmama ta. [1] Duk da haka, an manta da ita sosai har zuwa farkon karni na 21, lokacin da 'yan Afirka-Argentine, masu fafutuka da masana suka fara haɗa tarihin mutanen da aka bar su a tarihin ƙasar saboda wariya da gangan bisa ga jinsi da launin fata. Yanzu an san ta sosai saboda gudummawar da ta bayar kuma wallafe-wallafe da yawa sun sake ba da labarinta. Tun daga shekarar 2013, ana bikin 8 ga Nuwamba don girmama ta, a matsayin Ranar Ƙasa ta 'Yan Afirka-Argentine da Al'adun Afirka. [1] [1]

A watan Mayun 2022, Kamfanin Mint of Argentina ya fitar da takardar kuɗi ta AR$ 10000  wacce ke ɗauke da hoton del Valle tare da Manuel Belgrano . Shafin yanar gizon gwamnati ya bayyana ta a matsayin "jarumi na Yaƙin 'Yanci. A matsayinta na mace 'yar asalin Afro, ta fuskanci duk wani wariya na lokacinta... Saboda jarumtarta, Manuel Belgrano ya naɗa (del Valle) kyaftin... don girmama ta, Dokar 26,582 ta sanya ranar 8 ga Nuwamba a matsayin Ranar mutanen Afirka-Argentine". 

A ranar 8 ga Nuwamba, 2022, an buɗe wani abin tunawa ga María Remedios del Valle a Plazoleta Castelao, a Buenos Aires . Abin tunawa ya haɗa da wani mutum-mutumi a cikin hoton del Valle wanda Alexis Minkiewicz ya sassaka, tare da haɗin gwiwar Gisela Kraisman da Louis Yupanki.   An buga mutum-mutumin 3D da resin da lacquer polyurethane kuma tsawonsa ya kai mita 3.7 tare da plinth kuma yana da nauyin kilo 80. A ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2023, an ƙone mutum-mutumin María Remedios del Valle kurmus, a wani aikin lalata da Ma'aikatar Al'adu ta yi Allah wadai da shi. 

## Manazarta