Maud O'Farrell Swartz

**Maud O'Farrell Swartz** (1879-1937) ta kasance mai tsara ayyukan kwadago 'yan asalin ƙasar Ireland da Amurka wadda ta yi aiki don inganta rayuwar mata da yara. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar ƙungiyar mata ta ƙungiyoyin kwadago daga 1922 zuwa 1926. A shekarar 1931 aka naɗa ta sakatariya a ma'aikatar kwadago ta jihar New York a ƙarƙashin kwamishinan masana'antu Frances Perkins . Ita ce mace ta farko kuma 'yar ƙungiyar kwadago ta farko da ta riƙe wannan matsayin.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Maud O'Farrell was born in County Kildare, Ireland, on May 3, 1879. She was one of fourteen children of William J. Farrell, a flour miller, and Sara Matilda Grace. Her mother was related to William Russell Grace, who became New York City's first Irish Catholic mayor in 1880, and to the owners of the Grace shipping line. Maud O'Farrell was educated at home, and then at convent schools in Germany and France. Afterwards she worked for a time as a governess in Italy. While living in Europe she became fluent in Italian, German, and French.

## Sana'a
Ta ƙaura zuwa Amurka a shekarar 1901, inda ta zauna a birnin New York. Ta yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin mai kula da gida, ta yi murabus bayan da maigidanta ya ba ta kulawa sosai.  A shekara mai zuwa ta fara aiki a matsayin mai duba takardu a wani kamfanin buga littattafai na ƙasashen waje, kuma a shekarar 1903 ta shiga ƙungiyar mata ta ƙungiyoyin kwadago (WTUL). 

A shekarar 1912 ta shiga jam'iyyar Mata Masu Zaɓe . Ta kasance mai iya magana da harshen Italiya, ta zagaya unguwannin Italiya tana tallata wa mata 'yancin zaɓen ' yan mata a can. 

Ta shiga ƙungiyar International Typographical Union Local 6, wadda aka fi sani da "Big Six," a shekarar 1913.  Ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatare na ƙungiyar New York WTUL daga 1917 zuwa 1921. Ta kasance wakiliyar WTUL zuwa taron ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta Amurka a shekarar 1919 da kuma taron ƙungiyar mata masu aiki na farko a duniya (ICWW) a wannan shekarar. A taron ƙungiyar mata masu aiki na ICWW, ita da sauran wakilai sun tsara ƙudurori da ke buƙatar a ba wa yara masu aiki shekaru mafi ƙanƙanta, mako na aiki na sa'o'i 44, da kuma ƙa'idoji kan ayyuka masu haɗari.  A shekarar 1921 ta yi tafiya zuwa Geneva, Switzerland, a matsayin wakili a taron ƙungiyar mata masu aiki na duniya na biyu.  A can aka naɗa ta mataimakiyar shugabar sabuwar ƙungiyar mata masu aiki ta duniya. A cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa ta taimaka wajen tsara hanyar sadarwa ta ƙungiyoyin mata masu aiki a duniya. 

Bayan hutun shekara guda a Turai, ta koma New York a shekarar 1922 kuma ta fara aiki da WTUL a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga mata masu neman diyya ga ma'aikata . [1] An zaɓe ta shugabar WTUL ta ƙasa a wannan shekarar, kuma aka sake zaɓe ta a shekarar 1924. Ita ce mace ta farko mai aiki da ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar WTUL. A lokaci guda, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Hukumar Diyya ta ƙungiyar, tana kula da shari'o'i kusan 4,000 tsakanin 1922 da 1929. Yin aiki a matsayin shugaba yayin da take aiki cikakken lokaci ya zama mai wahala, kuma ta yi murabus daga shugabancinta a shekarar 1926. [2]

A watan Disamba na shekarar 1931, Franklin D. Roosevelt ta naɗa sakatarenta na Ma'aikatar Kwadago ta Jihar New York, mukamin da ta riƙe har zuwa rasuwarta a shekarar 1937.  Mace ta farko  kuma wakiliyar ma'aikata ta farko da ta riƙe wannan mukamin, ta yi aiki a ƙarƙashin Kwamishinoni Frances Perkins da Elmer F. Andrews. 

An san Swartz a matsayin mai baiwar magana kuma mai fafutukar inganta yanayin aiki ga mata. 

## Manazarta