Anthony Babington

**Anthony Babington** (24 ga Oktoba 1561 - 20 ga Satumba 1586) ɗan ƙasar Ingila ne wanda aka yanke masa hukuncin kisa ta aka yi wa Elizabeth I ta Ingila da kuma yin makirci tare da Maryamu da aka ɗaure, Sarauniya ta Scots, wanda aka rataye shi, aka zana shi kuma aka raba shi. "Babington Plot" da kuma shigar Maryamu a ciki sune tushen zargin cin amana a kanta wanda ya haifar da kisa. Ya kasance memba na Iyalin Babington.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife shi a cikin dangin Sir Henry Babington da Mary Darcy, jikokin Thomas Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy de Darcy,  a Dethick Manor a Dethix, Derbyshire, Ingila, shi ne ɗansu na uku. Mahaifinsa ya mutu a shekara ta 1571 lokacin da Anthony ke da shekaru tara, kuma mahaifiyarsa ta auri Henry Foljambe . Anthony yana ƙarƙashin kulawar mahaifiyarsa, mijinta na biyu, Henry Foljambe, da Philip Draycot na Paynsley Hall, Cresswell, Staffordshire, surukinsa na gaba. Yayinda suke Furotesta a bainar jama'a, iyalin sun kasance Katolika.

Babington ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida a gidan Earl na Shrewsbury.  Earl ya kasance a wannan lokacin mai kula da Maryamu, Sarauniya ta Scots kuma mai yiwuwa ne a wannan lokacin ne Babington ya zama mai goyon bayan dalilin Maryamu don hawa kursiyin Ingila. A shekara ta 1579, ya auri Margery Draycot . Ba a taɓa ba shi daraja ba, yana yin hukunci da gaskiyar cewa ba a lissafa shi a cikin Knights of England ba.

A cikin kimanin shekara ta 1580, yayin da yake tafiya a nahiyar, ya sadu da babban mai makirci Thomas Morgan, wanda ya shawo kansa ya aika wasiƙu ga Maryamu yayin da tsohon maigidansa, Earl na Shrewsbury ke riƙe da ita. Ya kuma taimaka wa motsi na firistoci a cikin Katolika Midlands, amma a shekara ta 1586, tare da Maryamu da aka cire zuwa mulkin Tutbury mai tsanani da kuma rufe sadarwa tare da ita, rawar Babington a matsayin mai aikawa ta zo ƙarshe. Sau biyu a farkon shekara ta 1586 ya karbi wasiƙu daga Faransa, waɗanda aka ƙaddara ga Maryamu, amma a kowane hali ya ki 'ci gaba da kasuwanci a cikin waɗannan al'amuran'. A wannan lokacin an ruwaito yana la'akari da barin Ingila har abada kuma yana ƙoƙarin samun fasfo tare da abokinsa na Welsh, Thomas Salisbury . Ya sami gabatarwa ga Robert Poley, mutumin da ke da kyakkyawar hulɗa ta siyasa, tare da neman 'lasisi' don zuwa Faransa. Poley, wanda Babington bai sani ba, ya kasance wakilin Francis Walsingham, Sakataren Gwamnati, kuma yana ƙarƙashin umarni don shiga cikin sanannun kungiyoyin Katolika. Wataƙila da gangan ya kasa samun fasfo ga Babington, kuma a maimakon haka ya shawo kansa cewa shi, Poley, mai tausayi ne na Katolika kuma ana iya amincewa da shi. Tabbacin Babington ne mara kyau, kuma mai yiwuwa ma soyayya ga, Poley wanda ya kasance babban abin da ya ba da gudummawa ga faduwarsa.

A lokacin mulkin Elizabeth kotun ta damu musamman game da yiwuwar Mary Stuart ta zo kursiyin. Lokaci ne na babban tashin hankali na addini. Kisan kiyashi na ranar St. Bartholomew ya yi aiki don kara fahimtar sakamakon da dawowar Roman Katolika zai iya gabatar. Sojojin tsaron Sarauniya, karkashin jagorancin Sir Francis Walsingham tare da 'yan leƙen asirinsa marasa tausayi da wayo kamar Poley sun fi tasiri a aikinsu. A lokacin daya daga cikin binciken Walsingham, an kama wani mai tuhuma mai suna Gilbert Gifford kuma an yi masa tambayoyi. Don kauce wa hukunci, Gifford ya amince da aiki a matsayin wakili biyu. Ya tuntubi Ofishin Jakadancin Faransa a London kuma ya shirya safarar wasiƙu daga Mary Stuart zuwa ga mabiyanta. Za a cimma wannan ta hanyar amfani da ganga na giya. Gifford ta tabbatar da cewa an ba Walsingham damar yin amfani da waɗannan sadarwa, wanda ya bayyana buƙatun Maryamu ga Faransanci da Mutanen Espanya cewa su shiga tsakani a madadin ta.

A ranar 6 ga Yulin 1586, Babington ya rubuta wa Mary Stuart, yana gaya mata cewa shi da ƙungiyar abokai suna shirin kashe Elizabeth, wanda ita (Sarauniyar Scots) za ta yi nasara. Masu kare Babington (da Mary Stuart) sun yi iƙirarin cewa a cikin karni na sha shida an gudanar da cewa kisan "masu mulkin mallaka" ya dace da halin kirki. Babington ya yanke shawarar rubuta wa Maryamu don neman izinin ta, wanda ya yi imanin cewa za ta iya samar da ita a matsayin mai da'awar kursiyin.  (Masu Katolika sun yi imanin cewa da'awar Elizabeth ga kursiyin ba ta da amfani saboda ita 'yar Anne Boleyn ce wacce aurenta da Henry na takwas suka yi la'akari da ba bisa ka'ida ba saboda kisan Henry na takwas daga matarsa ta farko, Catherine na Aragon.) 

Maryamu ta amsa wa Babington, inda ta jaddada bukatar taimakon kasashen waje idan yunkurin ceto ya yi nasara. Koyaya, ta bar batun kisan ga lamirin Babington.

A halin yanzu, Babington yana da hannu sosai tare da makircin ga Walsingham, ta hanyar Poley, wanda a wannan lokacin ya kasance da tabbacin Babington, duk da cewa ya kama shi yana kwafin wasu wasikun Maryamu. Lokacin da Walsingham da jami'ansa suka tattara isasshen shaida, Babington da ma'aikatansa sun taru. Babington ya kasance a Hasumiyar Landan a ranar 3 ga Satumba lokacin da Burghley ya ba da umarnin a kwace kayansa da takardunsa a Dethick. Gidan ya kusan babu komai sai dai 'yan uwansa mata biyu, Madeleine da Ellen, da' yarta mai shekaru biyu. Matarsa ta gudu.

## Mutuwa
Babington (mai shekaru 24) da masu makircinsa goma sha uku an same su da cin amana kuma an yanke musu hukuncin ratayewa, jawowa da rarraba su.

An ki amincewa da tayin da ya yi wa Elizabeth na £ 1,000 don gafarta masa, kuma an kashe bakwai na farko (ciki har da Babington, John Ballard, da Chidiock Tichborne) a ranar 20. Mutanen da aka yanke musu hukunci, waɗanda aka tsare a Hasumiyar Landan, an ɗaure su daga ɗakunan kurkuku, an ɗaura su da sledges kuma dawakai suka ja su a titunan Landan. Lokacin da suka isa wani shimfiɗa na musamman a filin St. Giles, kusa da Holborn, an rataye su, an zana su kuma an raba su. Bayan wannan, mai kisa ya rarraba sassan jikinsu zuwa manyan wurare a kusa da birnin don gargadi duk sakamakon rashin aminci ga sarki.

Wasikar Babington ta ƙarshe ga abokinsa kuma mai cin amana, Poley ("Goodbye sweet Robyn...") tana ɗaya daga cikin takardun da suka fi rikitarwa a cikin shari'ar.

## Al'adun gargajiya
An kafa Matafiyi a Lokaci na Alison Uttley a Thackers, sunan almara na Babington Manor House, a zahiri a Dethick, a Derbyshire. Mai ba da labari, Penelope Taberner, ya shaida yadda matashi Anthony Babington ke ci gaba da shiga tare da Maryamu, Sarauniyar Scots, yayin da Penelope ta sami kanta tana wucewa tsakanin duniyarta ta 1940s da shekara ta 1582.

A cikin shekara ta 2008, BBC Radio 4 ta watsa shirye-shiryen Afternoon Play na Michael Butt mai taken The Babington Plot, wanda Sasha Yevtushenko ya jagoranta tare da Stephen Greif a matsayin "Mai gabatarwa", an yi shi a cikin salon shirye-shirye kuma an fada daga ra'ayoyin wasu masu makirci - wasu masu leƙen asirin gwamnati da suka shiga cikin kungiyar - da kuma mutane da yawa waɗanda ke cikin hanyoyi daban-daban da ke cikin abubuwan da suka faru. An nuna Babington a matsayin mai yiwuwa ɗan luwaɗi kuma yana da dangantaka ta farko tare da Thomas Salisbury (wanda Samuel Barnett ya buga) sannan kuma Robert Poley (wanda Burn Gorman ya buga).

## Hanyoyi

* Sir Anthony Babington (?-1586) 
* Anthony Babington (1586) 

## Manazarta