Robert M. W. Dixon

**Robert Malcolm Ward "Bob" Dixon** (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Janairun 1939, a Gloucester a kasar , Ingila ) Farfesa ne na Ilimin Harshe a Kwalejin Fasaha, Al'umma, da Ilimi da Cibiyar Cairns, Jami'ar James Cook, Queensland . Ya kuma kasance Mataimakin Darakta na Cibiyar Binciken Harshe da Al'adu a JCU .  Doctor of Letters (DLitt, ANU, 1991), an ba shi lambar yabo ta Doctor of Lettres Honoris Causa ta JCU a cikin 2018. Fellow na Kwalejin Burtaniya; Fellow na Australian Academy of the Humanities, kuma memba mai daraja na Linguistic Society of America, yana ɗaya daga cikin masu ilimin harshe guda uku da za a ambaci su musamman a cikin *The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics* by Peter Matthews (2014). 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Dixon a Gloucester, a yammacin Ingila, a cikin 1939 kuma tun yana yaro ya zauna a Stroud kuma daga baya a Bramcote kusa da Nottingham, inda mahaifinsa ya zama shugaban Kwalejin Jama'a ta Ƙarin Ilimi. Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Nottingham sannan kuma a Jami'ar Oxford, inda ya sami digiri na farko a lissafi a shekarar 1960, kuma a ƙarshe a Jami'an Edinburgh, inda ya kasance mai bincike a cikin ilimin lissafi a sashen Ingilishi daga Yuli 1961 zuwa Satumba 1963. Bayan haka har zuwa watan Satumbar 1964 ya yi aiki a filin don Aboriginal_Studies" id="mwMA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies">Cibiyar Nazarin Aboriginal ta Australiya a arewa maso gabashin Queensland, yana aiki a kan harsunan Aboriginal da yawa na Ostiraliya, amma yana da sha'awar Dyirbal.

## Ayyuka

### Bincike
Dixon ya rubuta a fannoni da yawa na ka'idar harshe da aikin gona, an san shi musamman saboda aikinsa a kan harsunan Ostiraliya da Harsunan Arawá na Brazil. Ya wallafa ilimin lissafi na Dyirbal, Yidiɲ, Warrgamay, Nyawaygi, da Mbabaram. Ya wallafa cikakken harshe na Boumaa Fijian, yaren Polynesian (1988), da Jarawara, yaren Arawá daga kudancin Amazonia (2004), wanda ya sami lambar yabo ta Leonard Bloomfield Book Award daga Linguistic Society of America .

Ayyukan Dixon a cikin ilimin harshe na tarihi sun kasance masu tasiri sosai. Dangane da bincike na kwatankwacin tarihi, Dixon ya yi tambaya game da manufar harsunan Pama-Nyungan, wanda ya yi jayayya cewa ba a taɓa ba da isasshen shaida ba. Ya kuma ba da shawarar sabon tsarin "ma'auni mai ma'ana", wanda ya dogara da ka'idar wannan sunan a cikin ilmin halitta na juyin halitta, wanda ya fi dacewa da yankuna da yawa na harsuna, gami da harsunan Australiya. Dixon ya gabatar da ka'idarsa a cikin The Rise and Fall of Languages, wanda aka inganta a cikin littafinsa Australian Languages: their nature and development (2002). Dixon shine marubucin wasu littattafai da yawa, ciki har da *Harsunan Australiya: Yanayensu da Ci gaban su* da Ergativity . Ayyukansa masu mahimmanci guda uku na Basic Linguistic Theory (2010-2012) an buga su ne ta hanyar Oxford University Press.

An buga ƙarin aikinsa a kan harsunan Australiya a cikin jinsi mai cin abinci, salon surukarta, da sauran abubuwan al'ajabi na ilimin lissafi: Nazarin Dyirbal, Yidiñ da Warrgamay, 2015.

Ƙarin rubuce-rubucensa masu tasiri sun haɗa da aiki a kan harshen Ingilishi, musamman A new approach to English grammar (1991, edition revised 2005), da Making New Words: Morphological Derivation in English (2014). Littafinsa na baya-bayan nan Are Some Languages Better than Others (2016, paperback 2018) ya gabatar da tambaya game da inganci da darajar harsuna daban-daban.

Ayyukansa na edita sun haɗa da kundi huɗu na Handbook of Australian Languages (tare da Barry Blake), fitowar musamman ta Lingua a kan ergativity, kuma, tare da Alexandra Aikhenvald, kundin da yawa a kan ilimin *Harshe* a cikin jerin *Bincike a cikin Harshe* na Harshe, mahimman *Harsunan Amazon* (1999), da Cambridge Handbook of Linguistic Typology (2017).

Littafinsa na baya-bayan nan shine The Unmasking of English Dictionaries (2018), wanda ke ba da taƙaitaccen tarihin ƙamus na Turanci da ke bayyana matsalolin su, kuma yana ba da shawarar sabuwar hanyar yin ƙamus. 

*"Mun kasance muna cin mutane", Ru'ya ta Yohanna game da ƙauyen gargajiya na tsibirin Fiji* (2018) ya ba da cikakken hoto game da aikinsa a Fiji a ƙarshen shekarun 1980. 

### Matsayi na ilimi
A cikin 1996, Dixon da wani masanin harshe, Alexandra Aikhenvald, sun kafa Cibiyar Bincike don Harshe a Jami'ar Kasa ta Australia da ke Canberra . A ranar 1 ga Janairun 2000, cibiyar ta koma Jami'ar La Trobe da ke Melbourne.

Dukansu Dixon (darakta na cibiyar) da Aikhenvald (mataimakin darakta) sun yi murabus daga mukamin su a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2008.  A farkon shekara ta 2009, Aikhenvald da Dixon sun kafa Kungiyar Binciken Harshe da Al'adu (LCRG) a harabar Cairns ta Jami'ar James Cook .  An canza wannan zuwa Cibiyar Binciken Harshe da Al'adu a cikin Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Jama'a a JCU, Cairns, a cikin 2011. A halin yanzu, Aikhenvald shine darektan kuma mataimakin darektan Dixon na cibiyar.

## Bayanan littattafai
(Jirgin da ke ƙasa bai cika ba.

### A matsayin marubuci ko co- marubuci

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** 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997. ISBN&nbsp;.
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* Alien Arithmetic. In: *Worlds of Tomorrow*, May 1966, pp.&nbsp;113–119.
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* *Studies in Ergativity.* Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1987. ISBN&nbsp;.
* *A Grammar of Boumaa Fijian.* Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988. ISBN&nbsp;, .
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** With W. S. Ramson and Mandy Thomas. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991. ISBN&nbsp;. 1992. ISBN&nbsp;.
** 2nd ed. With Bruce Moore, W. S. Ramson and Mandy Thomas. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. ISBN&nbsp;.
* *A New Approach to English Grammar, on Semantic Principles.* Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991. Hardback 0198242727, paperback .
** *A Semantic Approach to English Grammar.* Oxford Textbooks in Linguistics. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. Revised edition. Hardback , paperback .
** 英语语义语法 = *A Semantic Approach to English Grammar.* Beijing, 2016. ISBN&nbsp;. The English text, with a short additional text in Chinese.
* *Searching for Aboriginal Languages: Memoirs of a Field Worker.* St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 1984. Hardback , paperback }. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989. ISBN&nbsp;. Cambridge Library Collection. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. doi:. Paperback , online . A memoir of Dixon's early fieldwork in Australia. The book provides a glimpse at linguistic fieldwork as it was done in that era, as well as a look at the appalling treatment of Aboriginal peoples of Australia that continued right into the 1960s.
* *Ergativity.* Cambridge Studies in Linguistics 69. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. doi:. Hardback , paperback . Online .
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** . Iwanami Shinsho. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 2001.  Japanese translation.
** 語言的興衰. Taipei, 2014. ISBN&nbsp;. Chinese translation.
* *Changing Valency: Case Studies in Transitivity.* With A.nbsp;Y. Aikhenvald. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. doi:. Hardback , paperback , online .
* *The Jarawara language of Southern Amazonia.* Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. Hardback , paperback .
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* *Basic Linguistic Theory.* Oxford: Oxford University Press.
** Vol 1, *Methodology.* 2009. Hardback , paperback .
** Vol 2, *Grammatical Topics.* 2009. Hardback , paperback .
** Vol 3, *Further Grammatical Topics.* 2012. Hardback , paperback .
* *I Am a Linguist.* Leiden: Brill, 2011. Hardback , paperback . An autobiography.
* *Language at Large: Essays on Syntax and Semantics.* With A.&nbsp;Y. Aikhenvald. Empirical Approaches to Linguistic Theory 2. Leiden: Brill, 2011. ISBN&nbsp;. 2018. ISBN&nbsp;.
* *Making New Words: Morphological Derivation in English.* Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. Hardback , paperback .
* *Edible Gender, Mother-in-Law Style, and Other Grammatical Wonders: Studies in Dyirbal, Yidiñ and Warrgamay.* Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015. ISBN&nbsp;.
* *Are Some Languages Better than Others?* Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016. Hardback , paperback .
* *"We used to eat people": Revelations of a Fiji Islands Traditional Village.* Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2017. ISBN&nbsp;.
* *The Unmasking of English Dictionaries.* Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018. doi:. Online .
* *Australia's Original Languages: An Introduction.* Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin, 2019. ISBN&nbsp;.


## manazarta