Hukumar Sararin Samaniya ta Kasa (Malesiya)

**Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Kasa** ( Malay   ), wanda aka gaje shi **ANGKASA**, ita ce hukumar kula da sararin samaniya ta Malaysia . An kafa ta ne a shekara ta 2002 kuma kundinta na nufin haɓakawa, haɓakawa da haɓaka shirin sararin samaniyar ƙasar ta hanyar haɗaɗɗiyar ƙoƙari da haɗin kai ta hanyar haɓakawa da amfani da fasahohin sararin samaniya.

A cikin 2019, Hukumar Kula da Sararin samaniya ta Kasa (ANGKASA) ta haɗu da Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Malaysia (MRSA) kuma ta sake masa suna Hukumar Kula da sararin samaniya ta Malaysia (MYSA) don mafi girman haɗin kai.

## Shirin Angkasawan
### Shirye-shiryen ma'aikata
Shirin Angkasawan wani shiri ne da gwamnatin Malaysia ta yi na tura wani dan kasar Malaysia zuwa tashar sararin samaniya ta kasa da kasa a cikin jirgin Soyuz TMA-11 . An yi wa shirin suna ne bayan kalmar Malay na dan sama jannati, Angkasawan . Hakan ya haifar da Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor ya zama dan Malaysia na farko a sararin samaniya a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 2007.

Tsohon Firayim Minista na Malaysia, Mahathir Mohamad, ya sanar da shirin a hukumance, a matsayin shirin hadin gwiwa tare da Tarayyar Rasha. Aikin ne a karkashin yarjejeniyar gwamnati da gwamnati ta hanyar sayen jiragen yaki na Sukhoi Su-30MKM don Royal Malaysian Air Force.

A karkashin wannan yarjejeniya Tarayyar Rasha ta dauki kudin horar da Malaysians biyu don tafiye-Tafiya ta sararin samaniya da kuma aika daya zuwa tashar sararin samaniya ta duniya (ISS) a watan Oktoba 2007. Ya haifar da Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor ya zama Malaysian na farko a sararin samaniya a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 2007.

Shaidar ta nuna cewa manyan manufofin shirin shine inganta siffar ƙasa da kuma sa matasa su sha'awar lissafi da kimiyya. A lokacin kaddamarwa, Ministan Kimiyya, Fasaha da Innovation na Malaysia na lokacin Datuk Seri Dr Jamaluddin Jarjis ya ce: "Ba kawai aikin aika da Malaysian zuwa sararin samaniya ba ne. Bayan shekaru 50 na 'yancin kai, muna buƙatar sabon canji da sabon fa'ida don samun nasara a matsayin al'umma. "Muna so mu firgita da wahayi, kuma mu motsa Malaysians su sami nasara mafi girma ta hanyar rungumar kimiyya da fasaha. "

Daga baya, Dokta Jamaluddin Jarjis ya fi takamaiman manufar shirin lokacin da ya ce "don samar da wayar da kan jama'a game da muhimmancin kimiyya, fasaha da masana'antar sararin samaniya, wanda zai iya taimakawa ci gaba da bunkasa tattalin arziki".

Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor da kansa ya ce "Ba na neman shahara ko kuma ina fatan a maraba da shi a matsayin sananne, amma burina shine ya yi wa Malaysians, musamman yara masu zuwa makaranta su so su koyi batun kimiyya da masana'antar sararin samaniya".

### Musulmai a sararin samaniya
A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2006, ANGKASA ta dauki nauyin taron  na masana kimiyya da hukumomin addini, suna magance batun yadda yanayin tafiye-tafiye na sararin samaniya zai shafi wajibai da 'yan saman jannati Musulmi ke fuskanta (alal misali, yadda mutum zai iya fuskantar qibla yayin da yake kewaye da Duniya).

Hukumar sararin samaniya ta Malaysia, tare da hadin gwiwa tare da sauran hukumomin Malaysia, sun haɓaka "Dandalin jagororin don Yin Ayyukan Musulunci a Tashar sararin samaniya na Duniya" tare da taimakon masana kimiyya da malamai 150. Littafin ya ba da cikakken bayani game da yadda 'yan saman jannati Musulmi zasu iya kiyaye al'adun Islama yayin da suke cikin sararin samaniya. Lokaci na addu'a na yau da kullun suna daidaitawa da waɗanda ke wurin tashi kuma idan ba za a iya samun Makka ba, 'yan saman jannati na iya yin addu'a ga Duniya kanta. Ana buƙatar 'yan saman jannati Musulmi mata su rufe komai sai dai hannayensu da fuskokinsu.

## Shirye-shiryen tauraron dan adam
Malaysia tana amfani da tauraron dan adam da aka saya a kasashen waje kuma aka haɓaka a cikin ƙasa ta hanyar Fasahar Astronautic Sdn Bhd (ATSB) .  Dukkanin tauraron dan adam na Malaysia ana kaddamar da su a kasashen waje.

### TiungSAT
TiungSAT shine microsatellite na farko na Malaysia. An haɓaka tauraron dan adam ta hanyar canja wurin fasaha da shirin horo tsakanin Fasahar Astronautic Sdn Bhd (ATSB) da Fasahar Satellite ta Surrey ta Ingila. An kaddamar da TiungSAT-1 a cikin rokar Dnepr daga Baikonur Cosmodrome a Kazakhstan a ranar 26 ga Satumba 2000. An kirkiro tauraron dan adam don gwaje-gwaje a cikin hoton Duniya, lura da yanayin yanayi, gano Hasken sararin samaniya, adana bayanai da sadarwa.

### Ma'anar Ma'anar

MEASAT (Malaysia East Asia Satellite) shine sunan dangin tauraron dan adam na sadarwa mallakar kuma ke sarrafawa ta MEASAT Satellite Systems Sdn. Bhd.  (MYX: 3875, tsohon Binariang Satellite Systems Sdn. Bhd.), mai ba da sabis na tauraron dan adam na sadarwa na Malaysia.

Ya zuwa shekara ta 2006, cibiyar sadarwar tauraron dan adam ta MEASAT ta kunshi tauraron dan kasa guda uku da aka tsara kuma aka gina ta Boeing Satellite Systems. An ƙaddamar da MEASAT-1 da MEASASAT-2 a cikin 1996 da MEASat-3 a cikin 2006.

An tsara tauraron dan adam na MEASAT-1 da 2 don samar da shekaru 12 na sabis na talabijin kai tsaye ga mai amfani a Malaysia da kuma ayyukan sadarwa na gaba ɗaya a yankin daga Malaysia zuwa Philippines da kuma daga Beijing zuwa Indonesia. Tare da ƙaddamar da MEASAT-3, ɗaukar hoto ya faɗaɗa zuwa yankin da ya ƙunshi kashi 70% na yawan jama'ar duniya.

### RazakSAT

RazakSAT babban tauraron dan adam ne na Malaysian Low Earth Orbit (LEO) wanda aka yi da Astronautic Technology Sdn Bhd (ATSB) wanda aka kaddamar a cikin Falcon 1 a ranar 14 ga Yuli 2009. An sanya shi a cikin wani yanayi na musamman kusa da ma'aunin ma'auni wanda ke ba da dama da yawa ga yankin ma'aikatar. RazakSAT tauraron dan adam ne mai lura da duniya wanda aka haɓaka a Malaysia kuma aka ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 2009. Babban kayan aikinta shine kyamarar matsakaici. Hotuna daga kyamarar suna turawa zuwa tashar karɓar hoto da sarrafawa a Malaysia. Ya gaza fiye da shekara 1 bayan ƙaddamarwa, bisa ga rahoton binciken daga Oktoba 2011. 

### Babu Yanayi
ATSB ce ta kirkireshi. An ƙaddamar da cubesat **InnoSAT-2** (COSPAR 2018-096V, SATCAT 43738) a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba 2018 ta ISRO. InnoSAT-2 ya ɗauki dosimeter, kyamarar CMOS da motar gwaji. An haɓaka bas din tauraron dan adam a cikin gida. InnoSAT-2 ya lalace daga orbit a ranar 9 ga Disamba 2022.

## Shirye-shiryen kaddamar da sararin samaniya
A shekara ta 2001, ANGKASA ta yi aiki tare da Japan don haɓaka wurin kaddamar da sararin samaniya a ko dai jihar Sabah ta Gabashin Malaysia ko Sarawak . 

## Infrastructure
ANGKASA tana da ƙananan tashoshin ƙasa da ke da alaƙa da tauraron dan adam da kuma babban Cibiyar Sadarwar Malaysia ciki har da cibiyar aiki ta dakin gwaje-gwaje da yawa, Laboratory na Calibration na gani kuma a halin yanzu yana gina Cibiyar Taron, Haɗin kai da Cibiyar Gwaje-gwajen da yawa.

Don yin farawa na masu jefa sararin samaniya na gaba da masu ba da sabis na kaddamar da sararin samaniya (ƙididdigar kaddamarwa na yau da kullun ko tsarin sararin samaniya kamar kaddamarwar iska ta Rasha da dai sauransu), Malaysia tana shirin samun makamashi mai amfani da tashar sararin samaniya a kusa da Equatorial a Tawau a Sabah a yankin Malaysia na tsibirin Borneo . 

## Manazarta