Kabilar Yakö

**Mutanen Yakurr** (ko kuma Yakö da Yakạ) suna zaune ne a ƙauyuka biyar na Jihar Cross River (Obono 2001, shafi na 200.p&nbsp;3), a Najeriya. An Kuma fi sanin su da Umor, Ekoli, Ilomi, Nkoibolokom da Yakurr be Ibe. A dalilin matsalolin harshe da Turawan da suka ziyarci yankin na farko suka fuskanta, an san ƙauyuka da sunaye wadanda ba daidai ake kiransu ba – Ugep, Ekori, Idomi, Nko da Mkpani (Okoi-Uyouyo 2002). Daga ƙarshe, sun zamo samfurin *yakpanikpani* (kalmar Lokạ  dake nufin "dabarun"), suna ne, wanda Enang 1980 ya ce mutanen Ugep sun ba su bayan an yaudare su a cikin rikici ( *Yakurr News* ).

## Yanki
An fi samun mutanen Yakurr a yankunan da ke tsakanin latitudes 50 401 da 60 101 na arewacin equator da longitudes 80 21 da 60 101 gabas da Greenwich Meridian da  daga arewa maso yammacin Calabar, babban birnin jihar Cross River. Ana samun su a karamar hukumar Yakurr a yau kuma su ne kabila mafi girma a jihar. Sun Kuma haɗa iyakokinsu daga arewa da gabas da kabilun Assiga, Nyima da kabilun Agoi na karamar hukumar Yakurr, ita hada iyaka daga kudu da karamar hukumar Biase sannan ta hada iyaka daga yamma da karamar hukumar Abi.

Zuwa shekara ta alif 1935, mutanen Yakurr suna da yawa kimanin 22,000 da 38,000 ta 1953 (1939, 1950, da 1964; Hansford *et al.* 1976; da Crabb 1969). Kananan hukumomi da jihohi sunyi watsi da kididdigar yawan jama'ar Yakurr bisa ƙidayar jama'a ta 1991su saboda rashin daidaituwarsu . Har yanzu ba'a saki sakamakon kidayar jama’a ta shekara ta 2006 da gwamnatin Najeriya ta yi akan yawan mutanenta ba  . &#x5D;

## Asali
Harshen da Yakurr ke magana shi shine Lokạ, yaren Upper Cross River. Iwara (1988) ya bayyana harshen a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan harsunan jihar Cross River, zasu iya kwatantuwa da mutanen Efik dangane da yawan masu magana da ita, wacce ke da matsayi na musamman na lingua franca a jihar. A cewar Ethnologue, mutane 120.000 ne ke magana a da harshen a shekarar 1989 (Eberhard *et al.* 2019).

Mutanen Yakurr suna ɗabi'u daban daban na zamantakewa, amma ɗabi'ar harshe, siyasa, addini da al'adu. A rashin ajiyayyun rubuce-rubucen, tsarin harshe, siyasa, addini da al'adu iri ɗaya na daga cikin tabbatattun shaidu na kafa zuriya da alaƙar halitta mai karfi.

Duk mutanen Yakurr suna ikirarin al'ada ta ƙaura daga yankuna da kuma kakanni. Ƙasar kakannin mutanen Yakurr ita ce "Akpa", an ce gajeriyar sunan "Lẹkanakpakpa" ce. An yi imani da cewa wannan yanki yana da alaka Kamaru-Obudu kamar yadda yake a yau. Yakurr sun ambaci mutanen Okuni, Nsofan da Ojo a matsayin makwabtansu a Lẹkanakpakpa. Al'adun Okuni, Nsofan da Ojo suyi da da'awar cewa sunyi rayuwa da Yakurr a Lẹkanakpakpa, wanda mutanen Okuni da Nsofan ke kira "Onugi" da kuma Läkpamkpa ta mutanen Ojo.

Hijirar mutanen Yakurr daga ƙasar kakanninsu ta faro ne tun daga shekara ta 1617 miladiyya, a lokacin da aka samu rashin fahimtar juna tsakanin su Yakurr da maƙwabtansu, sakamakon keta al'adar binne su ya tilasta wa maƙwabtansu yaƙi da su, wanda ya sa aka kore su daga ƙasarsu ta gado.

Tarihin hijira na mutanen Yakurr, kamar yadda Ubi (1986 da 1978) ya bayar, ya kasance, tsakanin 1617 zuwa 1677, Yakurr sunyi hijira daga wannan mahaifar kakanni domin neman sabuwar kasa bayan anci galabar sojojinsu a hannun Akpa. Kusan AD 1660, wasu matafiya na Yakurr sun kafa sabbin gidajen zama a yankuna da suke a yanzu. Wadannan wurare sune Idomi da Ugep. A tsakanin shekara ta 1677 zuwa 1707, wasu 'yan ciranin Yakurr sun kafa garuruwan Ekori da Nko. Tsakanin 1707 da 1737 duk da haka wata ayarin 'yan hijira na Yakurr ta kafa mazaunin Mkpani.

Dalilan da ya sa 'yan kabilar Yakur suka sake matsuguni a sabbin yankuna sun kasance musamman  saboda bukatu na albarkatun kasa, sakamakon karuwar al'umma ta wata fuskar da kuma rikice-rikicen ta wata fuskar. Wannan cigaban na taimakawa ta hanyar auratayya da ƙaƙƙarfan magabata a cikin tsarin iyali. Don haka ya kasance mai sauƙi ga mutanen suyi ƙaura zuwa sababbin ƙauyuka. Wannan ya haifar da ɗan kamanceceniya a cikin sunayen 'yan gudun hijira da kuma na mutanen kauyukan da suka riska a duk ƙauyukan Yakurr.

## Al'adu
 

## Shahararrun mutane

* Okoi Arikpo, Ministan Harkokin Wajen Tarayyar Najeriya mafi dadewa a kan karagar mulki, kuma Sakataren Majagaba, Hukumar Kula da Jami'o'i ta Kasa.
* Clement Ebri, tsohon gwamnan jihar Cross River.
* Eteng Okoi-Obuli, Ministan Noma, Jamhuriyya ta Biyu.
* Ibok-Ete Ekwe Ibas, Vice Admiral, da kuma tsohon babban hafsan sojin ruwa
* Usani Uguru Usani, Tsohon Ministan Neja Delta.
* Etowa Eyong Arikpo, Tsohon Atoni Janar, kuma Alkalin Alkalan Jihar Kuros Riba
* Okoi Ikpi Itam, Tsohon Alkalin Alkalan Jihar Kuros Riba.
* Eka Ikpi Braide, Pioneer Vice-Chancellor, Cross River University of Science & Technology, and Federal University of Lafia, Nassarawa
* Efa Iwara, ɗan wasan Najeriya kuma mawaki

## Manazarta

* Crabb, DW (1969) *Ekoi Bantu Languages of Ogoja*, Oxford University Press, London .
* 
* Enang, SB (1980) *Mkpani Pre-Colonial History*, Jami'ar Calabar BA Tarihi Project.
* Hansford, K.; Bendor-Samuel, J. da Stanford, R. (eds.) (1976) *Nazarin Harsunan Najeriya*, Cibiyar Nazarin Harsuna ta Summer, Accra .
* Iwara, AU (1988) *Karatu da Rubutu Lokạ*, Cibiyar Nazarin Afirka ta Jami'ar Ibadan, Ibadan .
* 
* Okoi-Uyouyo, M. (2002) *Yakurr Tsarin Zumunci, Iyali da Aure*, Bookman, Calabar.
* *Ubi*, OA (1986).&nbsp;7-8.
* Ubi, OA (1978) *The Yakurr: A Sake Gina Tarihin Kafin Mulkin Mallaka*, Jami'ar Legas Tsarin Tarihin PhD .
* ''Labaran Yakurr Sabbin'' bayanai game da mutanen Yakurr. 

## Kara karantawa

* Forde, D. (1939) "Kinship in Umor" *Masanin ilimin Anthropology na Amirka*, Vol. 41, shafi.&nbsp;530-540.
* Forde, D. (1950) “Descent Biyu Tsakanin Yakö” a cikin Radcliffe-Brown, AR da Forde, D. (eds. ) *Tsarin Zumunci da Aure na Afirka*, Jami'ar Oxford Press, London.
* Forde, D. (1964) *Yakö Studies*, Oxford University Press, London.