Mary Tourtel

**Mary Tourtel** (an haife ta **Mary Caldwell** a ranar 28 ga watan Janairun 1874 - 15 ga watan Maris 1948) ta kasance mai zane-zane na Burtaniya kuma mai kirkirar wasan kwaikwayo na Rupert Bear . Ayyukanta sun sayar da kwafin miliyan 50 a duniya.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Mary Tourtel Mary Caldwell, a ranar 28 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1874 a 52 Palace Street, Canterbury, Kent ƙaramin ɗan Sarah (née Scott) da Samuel Caldwell), mai zane-zane da kuma masanin dutse wanda ya dawo da gilashin gilashi don Cocin Canterbury .  Iyalin sun kasance masu fasaha kuma Maryamu ta yi karatun fasaha a ƙarƙashin Thomas Sidney Cooper a Makarantar Fasaha ta Sidney Cooper a Canterbury (yanzu Jami'ar Fasaha), inda ta lashe kyautar Yarima ta Wales.

## Ayyuka
Tourtel ta zama mai zane-zane na littafin yara, tare da zane-zanen farko da aka buga don littattafan yara da suka bayyana a cikin 1897. Ta auri mataimakin editan The Daily Express, Herbert Bird Tourtel, a Stoke Poges a ranar 26 ga Satumba 1900.  Ma'auratan sun yi tafiya zuwa Italiya, Misira, da Indiya kuma sun fara tashi, wanda ya rinjayi ra'ayoyin a wasu zane-zanen Tourtel.

## Rupert Bear
An halicci Rupert Bear a cikin 1920, a lokacin da *Express* ke cikin gasa tare da The Daily Mail da kuma shahararren zane-zane na *Teddy Tail*, da kuma zane-zane *Pip, Squeak da Wilfred* a cikin Daily *Mirror* . Editan labarai na lokacin na *Express*, Herbert Tourtel, an kusanci shi da aikin samar da sabon zane-zane don yin gasa da na Mail da Mirror kuma nan da nan ya yi tunanin matarsa Maryamu, wanda ya riga ya zama marubuci da mai zane. Rupert Bear shine sakamakon kuma an fara buga shi a matsayin hali mara suna a cikin wani tsintsiya mai taken *Little Lost Bear* a ranar 8 ga Nuwamba 1920. 

Maryamu ce ta kwatanta sassan farko kuma mijinta ne ya rubuta su, sau da yawa a cikin shayari  kuma an buga su a matsayin zane-zane biyu a rana tare da ɗan gajeren labari a ƙasa. Rupert da farko beyar launin ruwan kasa ne har sai *Express* ya yanke kuɗin tawada wanda ya ba shi launi mai launin fari. Mary's Rupert ya fi kama da ainihin bear, tare da tafiya da karin gashi. Kayan ja da rawaya na Rupert na zamani shine asalin mai tsalle-tsalle mai launin shudi mai laushi tare da wando mai launin toka. Mary ta daina zana Rupert a 1935 lokacin da idanunta suka fara kasawa.

## Rayuwa ta baya
A shekara ta 1931 Herbert Tourtel ya mutu a wani asibiti na Jamus, kuma Maryamu ta yi ritaya bayan shekaru hudu a 1935 bayan idanunta da lafiyarsu sun lalace. Wani mai zane-zane na Punch, Alfred Bestall ya ci gaba da zane-zane. Maryamu ta rayu mafi yawan rayuwarta a otal-otal daban-daban, ba ta taɓa samun gida ba saboda ta fi son 'yancin tafiya. Ta mutu a ranar 15 ga Maris 1948, tana da shekaru 74, a asibitin Kent da Canterbury, mako guda bayan ta fadi a titin Canterbury High Street daga ciwon ƙwaƙwalwa. An binne ta tare da mijinta a Cocin St Martin, Canterbury; ba su da yara amma sun yi tafiya a duniya tare.

## Bikin Tunawa
An buga wani Oxford Dictionary of National Biography a kan Tourtel a shekara ta 2004. 

A shekara ta 2003, Gidan Tarihin Canterbury, wanda ya rufe a shekara ta 2018, ya buɗe wani reshe na musamman da aka keɓe ga Rupert Bear. Yanzu akwai shari'ar nuna Rupert a cikin gidan Beaney na Fasaha da Ilimi, tare da Clangers.

## Bayanan littattafai

### Jerin Rupert
Za'a iya samun cikakken jerin a Rupert Little Bear Library.

### Sauran littattafai

* Littafin Horse, Grant Richards, London, 1901 da FA Stokes Co., New York, 1901
* *Littafin Humpty Dumpty: Nursery Rhymes da aka fada a Hotuna*, Treherne, London, 1902
* The Three Little Foxes, Grant Richards, London, 1903
* Rashin wasa A B C, Treherne, London, 1903
* Abubuwan ban mamaki na Billy Rabbit, MA Donohue & Co., 1908

* *Littafin Rabbit*, na Bruce Rogers, MA Donohue & Co., Chicago, 1900

## Manazarta