Hasken Cape Florida

Hasken Cape Florida , hasumiya ce a Cape Florida a kudancin Key Biscayne a cikin Miami-Dade County, Florida .  An gina shi a cikin shekara ta 1825, ya jagoranci masu aikin jirgin ruwa daga Florida Reef, wanda ya fara kusa da Key Biscayne kuma ya kai kudu da 'yan mil daga bakin Florida Keys. Ma'aikata ne ke sarrafa shi, tare da katsewa, har zuwa shekara ta 1878, lokacin da aka maye gurbinsa da hasumiyar Fowey Rocks. An sake amfani da hasken wuta a cikin 1978 ta Amurka Coast Guard don nuna alamar Florida Channel, tashar halitta mafi zurfi a cikin Biscayne Bay. Sun dakatar da shi a cikin 1990.￼

A cikin Bill Baggs Cape Florida State Park tun 1966, an sake kunna hasken wuta a 1996. Ma'aikatar Kare Muhalli ta Florida ce ke mallakarta kuma tana sarrafa ta￼

## Tarihi

### Hanyar Jirgin Ruwa Mai Gishiri
Kafin a gina Hasumiyar Hasumiyar, Hasumiyar, Cape Florida tana ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da bayi da Black Seminoles suka shiga jirage zuwa Bahamas. Wannan an san shi da Saltwater Railroad, ƙaura ce da ta fara lokacin da Spain ta canja yankin Florida zuwa Amurka. A karkashin Mutanen Espanya, baƙi da yawa sun sami 'yanci, haƙƙin da suka ji tsoro zai ƙare a ƙarƙashin mulkin Amurka.

Mutanen Espanya Florida sun kasance mafaka ta bayi har sai Shugaba Andrew Jackson, mai goyon bayan bautar,  ya mamaye a cikin 1818. Lokacin da Amurkawa suka karbe mulki a cikin 1819, Yarjejeniyar Adam-Onis ta sa daruruwan baƙi su fara ƙaura zuwa Bahamas da ke hannun Burtaniya. Wannan shine farkon motsi na tsawon shekaru goma. Mutanen da ke bayi a kudu suna da iyakantaccen zaɓuɓɓuka don tserewa, jihohin arewa da Burtaniya Kanada, inda aka soke bautar ko kuma an hana ta cikin shekarun 1820. Wannan ya sanya Bahamas ya zama zaɓi mafi kyau ga waɗanda ke Florida kamar yadda tsibirin da ya fi kusa yana da nisan mil 154.

A farkon shekarun 1820 kimanin Black Seminoles 300 sun sami hanyar daga Key Biscayne zuwa Tsibirin Andros a cikin Bahamas a kan jiragen ruwa da jiragen ruwa na Bahamian. A cikin 1820 wani matafiyi ya ba da rahoton ganin "Indians" 60, "bawan da suka tsere", da jiragen ruwa 27 na Bahamian da ke shirin barin Cape Florida. Lokacin da aka fara gini a cikin 1825 a kan hasken wuta, Saltwater Railroad ya lalace ta hanyar haske mai haske. Duk da yake hasken wuta ya taimaka wa ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa a bakin teku ya zama koma baya ga waɗanda ke neman tserewa daga Florida da dare. Kodayake Cape Florida ba ta dace da wurin tashi ba bayan an gina hasumiyar wuta, Bahamas ta kasance mafaka ga bayi masu tserewa.

Gidan shakatawa yana da muhimmancin musamman a matsayin Cibiyar Jirgin Kasa ta Kasa zuwa Freedom Site. Ɗaya daga cikin wuraren shakatawa guda biyu kawai a Florida don riƙe wannan Bambanci. Sauran shine Fort Jefferson a cikin Dry Tortugas . 

### Hasken farko
Yarjejeniyar gini ta bukaci hasumiya mai tsayi 65 (20  tare da bangon tubali mai ƙarfi, ƙafa biyar mai kauri a ƙasa yana raguwa zuwa ƙafa biyu a saman. Daga baya aka gano cewa dan kwangila ya shiga kan kayan aiki kuma ya gina ganuwar rami. Mai kula da hasken wuta na farko shi ne Kyaftin John Dubose, wanda ya yi aiki sama da shekaru goma. A cikin 1835 babbar guguwa ta buge tsibirin, ta lalata hasumiyar wuta da gidan mai kula, kuma ta ambaliya tsibirin a ƙarƙashin ƙafa uku na ruwa.

### Harin da aka kai wa hasken wuta
Lokacin da Yaƙin Seminole na Biyu ya fara a 1835, Seminoles sun kai hari ga 'yan asalin Turai da Amurka a kudancin Florida. A watan Janairun 1836 Seminoles sun kashe dangin William Cooley a gonar su a kan New River, a cikin abin da ke yanzu Fort Lauderdale.

Da jin labarin kisan kiyashi, mazauna a yankin da ke kusa da Kogin Miami sun haye Biscayne Bay zuwa hasumiya. Kamar yadda ba a dauki tsibirin lafiya ba, mazauna da dangin Kyaftin Dubose sun koma Key West don mafaka.

Daga baya a watan Janairu, Lt. George M. Bache, Sojan Ruwa na Amurka, ya zo daga Key West tare da ƙaramin ƙungiyar aiki don ƙarfafa hasumiyar hasumiya; sun shiga cikin windows na bene kuma sun ƙarfafa ƙofar. A ranar 18 ga Yuli, 1836, Kyaftin Dubose ya ziyarci iyalinsa a Key West. Mataimakin mai tsaron gida, John W. B. Thompson, yana kula, tare da taimakon Aaron Carter, Ba'amurke Ba'amurkiya.

Kwanaki biyar bayan haka, a ranar 23 ga Yuli, 1836, ƙungiyar Seminole ta kai hari kan hasken wuta. Thompson da Carter sun isa hasumiyar hasumiya; Thompson daga baya ya ba da labarin jin ƙwallon bindiga ya shiga cikin tufafinsa da hularsa. Seminoles sun kama kofar jim kadan bayan ya juya maɓallin don kulle ta. Thompson ya musayar bindiga tare da Seminoles daga windows na sama a cikin hasumiyar don sauran rana amma bayan duhu, maharan sun kusanci hasumiyar, suna ƙone ƙofar da taga mai ɗorewa a matakin ƙasa. Kwallon bindiga sun shiga cikin tankuna a kasan hasumiyar, wanda ke riƙe da lita 225 na man fitila don haske, kuma man ya kama wuta. An tsoma tufafin Thompson da mai, kuma shi da Carter sun koma saman hasumiyar, suna ɗaukar kwalba na gunpowder, balls, da bindiga tare da su. Mutanen biyu sun yanke wani ɓangare na matakala na katako a ƙarƙashin su a cikin hasumiyar kafin a fitar da su daga saman ta hanyar harshen wuta.

Wutar da ke cin wuta a ciki ta kasance mai muni sosai har Thompson da Carter sun bar yankin fitila a saman kuma su kwanta a kan dandalin hasumiyar 2-foot-wide (0.61  wanda ke gudana a waje da fitila. Tufafin Thompson yana ƙonewa, kuma duka shi da Carter sun ji rauni ta hanyar harbin bindigogi na Seminoles. Gilashin hasken wuta da gilashin gilashi na fitila sun fashe daga zafi. Tabbas, cewa zai mutu kuma yana son ƙarshen sauri, Thompson ya jefa kwalban bindiga a cikin hasumiyar. Jirgin ya fashe amma bai rushe hasumiyar ba. Ya kashe wuta a takaice, amma harshen wuta nan da nan ya dawo da karfi kamar yadda ya saba kafin ya mutu. Thompson ya gano cewa Carter ya mutu daga raunukansa da wuta.

Kashegari Thompson ya ga Seminoles suna fashi da ƙone sauran gine-gine a tashar hasken wuta. A bayyane suke tunanin cewa Thompson ya mutu, saboda sun daina harbe shi. Bayan da Seminoles suka tafi, Thompson ya makale a saman hasumiyar. Yana da ƙwallo uku a kowane ƙafa, kuma an ƙone matakala a cikin hasumiyar. Daga baya a wannan rana ya ga jirgin ruwa mai zuwa. jirgin ruwa na Amurka Motto ya ji fashewar bututun bindiga daga mil goma sha biyu (19 km ko 22 km)  daga nesa kuma ya zo don bincike. &nbsp;&nbsp;Mutanen da ke cikin jirgin sun yi mamakin samun Thompson da rai. Da yake ba za su iya saukar da shi daga hasumiyar ba, sai suka koma jirginsu da dare. Kashegari mutanen daga Motto sun dawo, tare da maza daga jirgin ruwa *Pee Dee.* Sun harbe ramrod da aka ɗaure zuwa ƙaramin layi har zuwa Thompson kuma sun yi amfani da shi don jawo igiya mai ƙarfi don ɗaga mutane biyu zuwa saman, waɗanda zasu iya saukar da mutumin da ya ji rauni. An fara kai Thompson zuwa Key West, sannan zuwa Charleston, South Carolina, don murmurewa daga raunukansa. An kashe Hasken Cape Florida daga 1836 zuwa 1846.  

### Hasumiyar wuta ta biyu
A cikin 1846 an ba da kwangila don sake gina hasken wuta da gidan mai tsaron gida. An ba dan kwangila damar sake amfani da tsoffin tubali daga asalin hasumiya da gida. An kuma aika sabbin tubali daga Massachusetts. Yarjejeniyar ta tafi ga mai karamin tayin a US $ 7,995. An kammala hasken wuta kuma an sake kunna shi a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1847. An sanye shi da fitilu 17 na Argand, kowannensu yana da masu haskakawa na inci 21 (530 .  Sabon mai tsaron gidan shi ne Reason Duke, wanda ya zauna tare da iyalinsa a kan Kogin Miami kafin ya koma Key West saboda Yaƙin Seminole na Biyu. A Key West 'yarsa Elizabeth ta auri James Dubose, ɗan John Dubose, mai tsaron gida na farko.

Temple Pent ya zama mai kula da Cape Florida Light a 1852. Robert R. Fletcher ne ya maye gurbinsa a shekara ta 1854. Charles S. Barron ya zama mai tsaron gida a shekara ta 1855.

### Sabuntawa ta 1855
A cikin gyare-gyare na 1855, an ɗaga hasumiyar zuwa ƙafa 95 (29 , don fadada isar da haske fiye da reefs na bakin teku. A wannan shekarar an maye gurbin asalin fitilar da tsarin ruwan tabarau da ruwan tabarau na Fresnel na biyu wanda Lt. Col. George Meade na Sojojin Amurka na Injiniyoyi Topographical ya kawo Cape Florida. Hasumiyar da aka ɗaga tare da sabon, mafi ƙarfi, an sake kunna ta a watan Maris na shekara ta 1856.

Simeon Frow ya zama mai tsaron gida a shekara ta 1859. Masu goyon baya sun lalata fitilar hasken wuta da ruwan tabarau a 1861 a lokacin Yaƙin basasar Amurka. An gyara hasken a 1866, kuma an sake nada Pent a matsayin mai kula da Haikali. An maye gurbinsa a 1868 da John Frow, ɗan Simeon Frow.

### An cire shi
John Frow ya ci gaba a matsayin mai kula da Hasken Cape Florida har zuwa 1878, lokacin da aka cire hasken daga aiki. Ko da tare da tsayinsa da fitila mai ƙarfi da ruwan tabarau, an yi la'akari da Hasken Cape Florida bai isa ba don gargadi jiragen ruwa daga bakin teku. Jami'an tsaron bakin teku na Amurka sun yanke shawarar gina hasumiya mai juzu'i a kan Fowey Rocks, (11  kudu maso gabashin Cape Florida. Lokacin da aka kammala hakan 1n 1878, an cire hasken wuta na Cape Florida daga aiki. Mai kula da John Frow da mahaifinsa Simeon sun zama masu kula da farko a sabon hasumiya a Fowey Rocks.

### Lokacin da ba a aiki ba
Daga cikin shekarar 1888 zuwa shekara ta 1893, Sakataren Baitulmalin Amurka ya ba da hayar hasumiyar Cape Florida don jimlar US $ 1.00 (20 cents a kowace shekara) ga Biscayne Bay Yacht Club don amfani da shi a matsayin hedkwatarsa. An lissafa shi a matsayin kulob din jirgin ruwa mafi kudanci a Amurka, kuma mafi tsayi a duniya. Bayan hayar ta ƙare, kulob din ya koma Coconut Grove, inda har yanzu yake aiki.

A shekara ta 1898, don mayar da martani ga karuwar tashin hankali tare da Spain a kan Cuba, wanda ya haifar da Yaƙin Mutanen Espanya da Amurka, an sanya hasken wuta na Cape Florida a takaice a matsayin tashar siginar Amurka ta hudu. Yana ɗaya daga cikin 36 tare da Gabashin Gabas Amurka da Gulf Coast daga Maine zuwa Texas. An kafa tashoshin sigina don samar da gargadi na farko game da kusantar jirgin ruwan Mutanen Espanya.

Yankin da ke kusa da hasken wuta a ƙarshen karni na 19 na Waters Davis ne. Iyayensa sun sayi taken ga kyautar ƙasar Mutanen Espanya don kudancin Key Biscayne jim kadan bayan Amurka ta sami Florida daga Spain a 1821. Sun sayar da kadada 3 (1,000  don gidan hasken wuta ga gwamnatin Amurka a 1825. Kodayake akwai da'awar gasa a ƙasar, Davis ya warware mafi yawansu kuma a cikin 1898 ya sami takardar shaidar daga gwamnatin Amurka don ƙasar. A cikin 1903 Davis ya sayi hasken wuta na Cape Florida da aka watsar daga Baitulmalin Amurka don US $ 400.

A cikin 1913 Davis ya sayar da dukiyarsa ta Key Biscayne, gami da hasumiya, ga James Deering, magajin Harvester na Duniya kuma mai mallakar Villa Vizcaya a Miami. Ya tsara cewa a mayar da hasumiyar Cape Florida. Lokacin da Deering ya rubuta wa gwamnatin Amurka neman bayani da jagororin hasken wuta, jami'an gwamnati sun yi mamakin bukatar, suna mamakin yadda hasken wuta zai iya wucewa cikin hannun masu zaman kansu. Ba da daɗewa ba aka gano cewa Dokar Majalisa da Dokokin Zartarwa guda biyu, a cikin 1847 da 1897, sun ajiye tsibirin don hasken wuta da kuma dalilai na soja. Lauyoyi daga ƙarshe sun shawo kan Majalisa ta Amurka da Shugaba Woodrow Wilson don amincewa da mallakar Deering na yankin Cape Florida na Key Biscayne, gami da hasken wuta.

Rushewar rairayin bakin teku ta yi barazanar lalata hasumiyar, kuma bayanan sun nuna cewa kilomita huɗu na rairayin rairayin kan teku ya wanke a gabanta a cikin shekaru 90 tun lokacin da aka gina ta. Deering ya sa injiniyoyi su bincika hasumiyar don gano aikin gyara da ake buƙata. Sun gano cewa tushe na hasumiyar yana da zurfin ƙafa huɗu kawai. Deering ya ba da umarnin sandbagging a gindin hasumiyar da kuma gina jetties don ƙoƙarin dakatar da rushewa. Injiniyoyin sun fara ba da shawarar tuƙi a ƙarƙashin hasumiyar wuta zuwa dutse don tallafawa hasumiyar, amma nan da nan sun gano cewa babu dutse mai wuya. Injiniyoyin sun gina tushe na kankare tare da murfin ƙarfe don hasumiyar. Bayan shigar da sabon tushe, hasumiyar ta tsira daga guguwar Miami ta 1926.

### Maidowa
Kashi na uku na kudancin Key Biscayne, gami da hasumiya, Jihar Florida ce ta sayi shi a shekarar 1966. Ya kafa ƙasar a matsayin Bill Baggs Cape Florida State Park, mai suna ga editan Miami News, wanda ya bukaci kariya kuma ya taimaka wajen shirya yarjejeniyar don adana ƙasar. Jiha ta mayar da hasumiyar hasumiya, kuma a cikin 1969 ta gina kwatankwacin gidajen mai kula. Ofishin Jakadancin ya gina kwatankwacin gidan mai kula da hasken wuta da kicin a cikin 1970 don zama gidan kayan gargajiya.

A shekara ta 1978, masu tsaron bakin teku sun mayar da hasumiyar wuta zuwa aiki mai aiki, shekaru ɗari bayan an dakatar da ita. An shigar da haske mai sarrafa kansa a cikin hasumiyar don aiki a matsayin mai ba da taimako, musamman don taimakawa masu jirgin ruwa su sami tashar Florida da dare. Binciken hasken wuta a cikin 1988 ya gano cewa tushe da aka shigar a lokacin Deering yana cikin kyakkyawan yanayi. Bayan shekaru goma sha biyu na hidima, masu tsaron bakin teku sun dakatar da hasken a shekarar 1990. Hasumiyar ta tsira daga kusanci na Guguwar Andrew a shekarar 1992.

Wani aikin hadin gwiwa tare da Dade County Historical Society a cikin 1995-1996 ya dawo da hasken wuta. An shigar da gidan kayan gargajiya a cikin kwatankwacin ɗakin mai kula, don ba baƙi ma'anar Tarihin teku na Florida. A matsayin wani ɓangare na sabuntawa, an maye gurbin hasken tare da na'urorin gani na yanzu kafin sake kunnawa. An sake kunna hasken wuta a lokacin bikin Centennial na Miami a watan Yulin 1996.  Yanzu Ma'aikatar Kare Muhalli ta Florida ce ke mallakarta kuma tana sarrafa ta.

A shekara ta 2004 an shigar da alama a cikin wurin shakatawa don tunawa da shafin don tserewa daga daruruwan bayi da Black Seminoles zuwa Bahamas a karni na sha tara. Yana daga cikin Cibiyar Jirgin Kasa ta Kasa zuwa Freedom Trail . 

## Hotuna a cikin shahararrun kafofin watsa labarai

* *Mashahuriyar Kimiyya* ta buga hoto na hasumiyar Cape Florida a cikin 1930, tana mai da'awar cewa hasumiyar ta wuce shekaru 200, kuma har yanzu ana amfani da ita. Wasu kyawawan wanka a bayyane aka hadawa su cikin hoton.
* A matsayin alamar Miami, an nuna hasken wuta a cikin abubuwan da suka faru da yawa na jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na *Miami Vice*, mafi yawa a lokacin kashi biyu na "Mirror Image" (wanda aka fara watsawa a ranar 6 ga Mayu, 1988).
* An nuna shi a takaice a ƙarshen fim din John Wayne na 1945 They Were Expendable (1945), kuma a matsayin tushen kisan kai a cikin Kurt Russell mai ban tsoro The Mean Season (1985).
* An nuna hasken wuta a karo na uku na TV na Burn Notice, a cikin kashi na 14 mai taken, "Abokan hulɗa a cikin Laifi" (wanda aka fara watsawa a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, 2010).
* Ana iya ganin Hasumiyar Cape Florida a bayan rairayin bakin teku a kakar wasa ta 3, kashi na 6 na '"The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel"" a kan Amazon Prime mai taken "Kind of Bleu" da aka fara watsawa a ranar 6 ga Disamba, 2019.

## Dubi kuma
 

* Jerin fitilu a Florida
* Jerin fitilu a Amurka
* Bill Baggs Cape Florida State Park
* Maɓallin Biscayne

## Manazarta

## Tushen