open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
George Andrews (masanin lissafi)

**George Eyre Andrews** (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Disamba, 1938)  ƙwararren masanin lissafi ne ɗan Amurka wanda ke aiki a fannoni na musamman, ka'idar lambobi, nazari da haɗakarwa .

## Ilimi da aiki
A halin yanzu Farfesa ne na Evan Pugh a fannin Lissafi a Jami'ar Jihar Pennsylvania .   Ya yi karatun digirinsa na farko a Jami'ar Jihar Oregon  kuma ya sami digirinsa na uku a shekarar 1964 a Jami'ar Pennsylvania inda mai ba shi shawara Hans Rademacher yake.  

A lokacin 2008-2009 ya kasance shugaban ƙungiyar ilimin lissafi ta Amurka .

## Gudummawa
Gudummawar Andrews ta haɗa da rubuce-rubuce da dama da kuma bincike sama da 250 da kuma shahararrun labarai kan jerin q, ayyuka na musamman, haɗakarwa da aikace-aikace. Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ƙwararren masani a duniya a ka'idar raba lambobi . A shekarar 1976 ya gano Littafin Rubutu na Ramanujan da ya ɓace . Yana da sha'awar ilimin lissafi.

Littafinsa *Theory of Partitions* shine misali na asali game da batun ɓangarorin lambobi . 

Ya ci gaba da ilimin lissafi a cikin ka'idojin rarrabuwa da jerin q. Aikinsa a cikin haɗin ka'idar lambobi da haɗin kai ya kuma haifar da amfani mai yawa a cikin kimiyyar lissafi. 

## Lambobin yabo da girmamawa
A shekara ta 2003, an zaɓi Andrews a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa .  An zaɓe shi a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a shekara ta 1997.  A shekara ta 1998, ya kasance mai jawabi da aka gayyata a taron ƙasashen duniya na Masana Lissafi da aka yi a Berlin.  A shekara ta 2012, ya zama memba na Ƙungiyar Lissafi ta Amurka . 

An ba shi digirin girmamawa na digirin girmamawa daga Jami'ar Parma a shekarar 1998, Jami'ar Florida a shekarar 2002, Jami'ar Waterloo a shekarar 2004, Jami'ar SASTRA da ke Kumbakonam, Indiya a shekarar 2012, da Jami'ar Illinois da ke Urbana–Champaign a shekarar 2014   

## Littattafai

* *Zaɓaɓɓun Ayyukan George E Andrews (Tare da Sharhi)* (Duniyar Buga Littattafan Kimiyya, 2012,  )
* ''Ka'idar Lambobi'' (Dover, 1994,  )
* ''Ka'idar Rarrabawa'' (Cambridge University Press, 1998,  ) 
* ''Rarrabuwar Integer'' (tare da Eriksson, Kimmo) (Cambridge University Press, 2004,  ) 
* *Littafin Rubutu na Ramanujan da ya ɓace: Kashi na I* (tare da Bruce C. Berndt ) (Springer, 2005,  ) 
* *Littafin Rubutu na Ramanujan da ya ɓace: Kashi na II*, (tare da Bruce C. Berndt) (Springer, 2008,  )
* *Littafin Rubutu na Ramanujan da ya ɓace: Kashi na Uku*, (tare da Bruce C. Berndt) (Springer, 2012,  )
* *Littafin Rubutu na Ramanujan da ya ɓace: Kashi na Huɗu*, (tare da Bruce C. Berndt) (Springer, 2013,  )
* "Ayyuka na Musamman" na George Andrews, Richard Askey, da Ranjan Roy, *Encyclopedia of Mathematics and Its Applications*, The University Press, Cambridge, 1999. 

## Manazarta
Evi Allemann

**Eva Andrea Allemann**  an takaita ta a matsayin **Evi Allemann** / / ˈæləmən / ; an haife ta a ranar 16 ga Yuli 1978) 'yar siyasa ce ta Switzerland wacce a halin yanzu take aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Zartarwa ta Bern ga Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party tun 2018.  Ta taba yin aiki a Majalisar Kasa (Switzerland) tsakanin 2003 da 2018. 

A watan Oktoban 2023, ta sanar da tsayawa takara a zaben tarayya na Switzerland na 2023, domin maye gurbin Alain Berset a Majalisar Tarayya (Switzerland) .  

A shekarar 2024, an zaɓe ta a matsayin shugabar Majalisar Zartarwa ta Bern. 

## Sana'a
A watan Afrilun 1998, an zaɓe Allemann a Babban Majalisar Bern kuma ita ce mace mafi ƙarancin shekaru da aka taɓa zaɓa a Majalisar Cantonal ta Switzerland.  A matsayinta na memba na Kwamitin Shari'a, ta fi mai da hankali kan manufofin makaranta da matasa.

A shekara ta 2003, an zaɓe ta a Majalisar Ƙasa da ƙuri'u 56,118 bayan ta jagoranci wani kamfen tare da abokan takararta na Matasan Socialist Mirjam Minder, Patric Bhend da Nasha Gagnebin.  Tana da shekaru 25, ta zama ƙarama a Majalisar Dokokin Switzerland ta 47.  Da farko ta zauna a Kwamitin Harkokin Shari'a, sannan ta zauna a Kwamitin Sufuri da Sadarwa sannan ta zauna a Kwamitin Manufofin Tsaro.

Duk da cewa jam'iyyarta ta sha kaye a zaɓen tarayya na 2007, an sake zaɓen Allemann da ƙuri'u 85,332.  Ta ci gaba da zama a Kwamitin Sufuri da Sadarwa da Kwamitin Manufofin Tsaro. 

Allemann yana zaune a Bern kuma yana aiki a matsayin lauya.

An zaɓe ta a matsayin shugabar ƙungiyar VCS Verkehrs-Club der Schweiz a ranar 20 ga Afrilu, 2013. 

A ranar 25 ga Maris 2018 aka zaɓe ta a Majalisar Zartarwa ta Bern da ƙuri'u 99,902 kuma ta ɗauki nauyin jagorancin Shari'a, Harkokin Al'umma da Harkokin Coci. 

## Manazarta
Christine Milne

**Christine Anne Milne** AO (née Morris; an haife ta a ranar 14 ga Mayu 1953)  'yar siyasar Australiya ce wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Sanata na Tasmania . Ta kasance shugabar jam'iyyar 'yan majalisa ta Australian Greens daga 2012 zuwa 2015.  Milne ya sauka a matsayin jagora a ranar 6 ga Mayu 2015, wanda Richard Di Natale ya maye gurbinsa.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Milne a Latrobe, Tasmania, 'yar ta biyu ta manoman madara na Wesley Vale Tom da Yuni Morris. Ta halarci Makarantar Yankin Wesley Vale daga 1959 zuwa 1963, Kwalejin St Mary, Hobart a matsayin mai shiga gida daga 1964 zuwa 1969, kuma ta kammala shekarar karshe ta makaranta a Makarantar Sakandare ta Devonport a 1970.

Ta yi karatun tarihi da kimiyyar siyasa a Jami'ar Tasmania daga 1971 zuwa 1974, inda ta zauna a Kwalejin Jami'ar Ena Waite kuma an zabe ta Shugabanta. Ta kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko na Arts tare da girmamawa a Tarihin Australiya, da kuma Takardar shaidar Ilimi a watan Maris na shekara ta 1975.

## Ayyukan siyasa
An fara zabar Milne a Majalisar Tarayyar Tasmania a shekarar 1989 a matsayin memba na Tasmanian Greens a cikin za ~ e na Lyons, [1] daya daga cikin 'yan siyasa biyar na Green da aka zaba a wannan zaben. Ta kasance wani ɓangare na Yarjejeniyar Labor-Green, yarjejeniyar siyasa tsakanin Jam'iyyar Labor ta Australiya (ALP) da Tasmanian Greens don kafa gwamnati bayan Babban zaben 1989 ya haifar da majalisa mai ratayewa.[2] Lokacin da Bob Brown ya sauka a 1993 don yin takara a Zaben tarayya, ta zama shugabar Green a majalisar dokokin Tasmania kuma shugabar mace ta farko ta jam'iyyar siyasa a Tasmania.[1]

Ta kula da wata yarjejeniya tsakanin Greens da Liberals bayan Babban zaben 1996. A lokacin gwamnatin Rundle, Tasmania ta ga gagarumin gyare-gyare na tattalin arziki da zamantakewa. Matakan sun hada da sake fasalin dokar bindiga, sassaucin dokokin gay, neman gafara ga 'yan asalin da aka sace da kuma goyon baya ga jamhuriya ta Australiya.

A shekara ta 1998, manyan jam'iyyun sun kada kuri'a don sake fasalin Majalisar daga kujeru 35 zuwa 25, suna kara yawan kuri'un da ake buƙata don a zabe su a Majalisar Tasmanian. Firayim Minista mai zaman kansa Tony Rundle nan da nan ya kira zaben, wanda jam'iyyarsa ta rasa daga baya. Saboda canje-canjen, Milne ta rasa kujerarta, ta bar Greens da wurin zama daya da ya rage.

## Manazarta
 

## Adireshin Waje

* 

|-

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Kwalejin Kirista ta Oxley

**Kwalejin Oxley Christian** makaranta ce mai zaman kanta ta Kirista wacce ke da alaƙa da juna a Chirnside Park, Melbourne, Ostiraliya, tun daga makarantar yara ' yan shekara uku zuwa shekara ta 12.

## Tsarin gini
Makarantar kwana ce ta Oxley wadda ke da ɗalibai kusan 1000. Makarantar ƙaramar sakandare ta haɗa da cibiyar kula da yara ƙanana: Yara na Oxley (ɗan shekara uku da huɗu), zuwa aji na 6; makarantar sakandare ta ƙunshi aji na 7 zuwa 12.

## Ayyukan waje na makaranta

### Wasanni
Oxley memba ne na Makarantun Gabashin Masu Zaman Kansu na Melbourne (EISM).

#### Gasar cin kofin EISM
Oxley ta lashe manyan gasannin ESIM a manyan gasannin Premier. 

**Haɗaka:**

* Badminton – 2021
* Ƙasashen Duniya (2) – 2010, 2014

**Yara maza:**

* Kwando (6) – 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2018, 2019
* Kureket (4) – 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011
* Ƙasashen Duniya – 2010
* Kwallon Kafa ta 12 (2) – 2015, 2016
* Wasan Tennis na Teburi – 2015
* Wasan Tennis na Teburi – 2023

**<nowiki/>'Yan mata:**

* Kwando - 2014
* Ƙasashen Duniya (3) – 2010, 2014, 2015
* Hockey – 2012
* Kwallon raga (2) – 2008, 2011
* Ƙwallon ƙafa (4) – 2013, 2015, 2020, 2021
* Softball – 2011
* Tennis (2) – 2008, 2020
* Wasan ƙwallon raga (2) – 2011, 2012

## Manazarta
Kungiyoyin duniya na karatu

**Kungiyoyin Reading globe** ƙungiyoyi ne na sa kai waɗanda Majalisar Reading Borough ta kafa a tsakiyar shekarun 1990 a Reading, Berkshire, Ingila, bayan ƙaddamar da yarjejeniyar Agenda 21 da gwamnatin tsakiya ta yi. **GLOBE** tana nufin Go Local On a Better Environment. Wata ƙungiyar laima, **The Reading Globe Alliance** (TREGA), tana sauƙaƙe musayar bayanai tsakanin ƙungiyoyin.

## Manufofi
Ƙungiyar Globe Groups da ke kewaye da Reading suna aiki don inganta muhallin yankinsu ta hanyoyin da za su amfani mazauna yankin da kuma kare muhalli. Duk mazauna yankin ƙungiyar za su iya shiga ƙungiyar ko kuma su ba da gudummawa.

## Jerin ƙungiyoyin Reading

* Ƙungiyar Caversham Globe
* Ƙungiyar Newtown Globe
* Oxford Road Community Garden (wanda a da ake kira Battle Globe Group)
* Ƙungiyar Redlands Globe
* Ƙungiyar Southcote Globe
* Ƙungiyar Tilehurst Globe 

## Manazarta
Kwalejin Kirista ta Nunawading

**Kwalejin Kirista ta Nunawading** wata makarantar kwana ce ta Seventh Day Adventist mai zaman kanta, wacce ke da tsarin koyar da yara tun daga firamare da sakandare, wacce ke cikin unguwar Melbourne da ke Nunawading, Victoria, Ostiraliya.

Kwalejin wani ɓangare ne na tsarin ilimi na Cocin Seventh-day Adventist na duniya.

## Bayani
An kafa Kwalejin Kirista ta Nunawading (NCC) a shekarar 1962 a matsayin makarantar firamare, ta ƙunshi cibiyar koyo ta farko, makarantar firamare da sakandare. Cocin Adventist na kwana bakwai ne ya kafa Kwalejin. Duk Makarantun Adventist na kwana bakwai a Jihar Victoria suna samar da tsari guda ɗaya, kowace makaranta tana da alaƙa da Makarantun Adventist na kwana bakwai (Victoria) Inc. Wannan ƙungiya ta tsakiya tana kula da ɗaukar ma'aikatan koyarwa kuma, ta hanyar kwamiti, tana ƙayyade rarraba albarkatun kuɗi tsakanin makarantu.

## Bangarorin ruhaniya
Duk ɗalibai suna ɗaukar azuzuwan addini kowace shekara da suka yi rajista. Waɗannan azuzuwan suna rufe batutuwa a tarihin Littafi Mai Tsarki da koyarwar Kiristanci da ta ɗarika . Masu koyarwa a wasu fannoni kuma suna fara kowane lokaci na aji da addu'a ko ɗan gajeren tunani na ibada, waɗanda da yawa ke ƙarfafa ra'ayoyin ɗalibai. A kowane mako, dukkan ɗaliban suna taruwa don hidimar cocin na tsawon awa ɗaya. A wajen azuzuwan akwai shirye-shirye na ruhaniya na shekara-shekara waɗanda suka dogara da shigar ɗalibai.

## Manazarta
Kwalejin Kirista ta Lighthouse

**Kwalejin Kirista ta Lighthouse** makaranta ce mai zaman kanta, wacce ba ta da alaƙa da addinin Kirista, wacce ke da makarantun firamare da sakandare a yankin Melbourne da ke Keysborough, Victoria, Ostiraliya.

Kwalejin Kirista ta Lighthouse tana da ɗalibai sama da 800 da suka yi rijista.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin makarantu a Victoria
* Jerin makarantun sakandare a Victoria

## Manazarta
Amincewar Kayan daji na Cumbria

**Cumbria Wildlife Trust** wata kungiya ce ta kula da namun daji da ke rufe gundumar Cumbria, a Arewa maso Yammacin Ingila . Tana da wuraren adana namun daji sama da 40, kuma tana da nufin fadada wayar da kan jama'a da ilimin namun daji a gundumar.

## Tarihi
An kafa wannan amintaccen amintaccen a shekarar 1962 a matsayin Asusun Masu Kula da Dabbobi na Lake District. Ta canza sunanta zuwa Asusun Kula da Dabbobi na Cumbria a shekarar 1974, lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri gundumar Cumbria. 

Hedikwatar ta tana kusa da Kendal, a gefen wurin shakatawa na gundumar Lake District . Yawancin wuraren ajiyar, waɗanda suka haɗa da ciyayi na peat ( Witherslack Mosses ), hanyoyin dutse na dutse ( Hutton Roof Crags ), tsoffin dazuzzuka da wuraren bakin teku ( South Walney ), suna wajen wurin shakatawa na ƙasa. Sabbin abubuwan da aka saya sun haɗa da Craggy Wood a Staveley .

## Ayyuka
Amintacciyar hukumar tana gudanar da shirye-shiryen ilimi ga baƙi, waɗanda suka dace da kowane zamani, kuma tana maraba da shigar masu sa kai. Tana kuma yin kamfen a yankuna da kuma ƙasa baki ɗaya kan batutuwan namun daji daban-daban.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an yi amfani da shi wajen kiwon ciyawa (ta hanyar aikin Coronation Meadows da kuma aikin Meadow Life na amintacce)  da kuma sanya wa yankunan kiyaye ruwa na Tekun Ireland suna.

A shekarar 2024, asusun ya sayi  na Dajin Skiddaw da nufin ƙirƙirar mafi girman wurin ajiyar yanayi a Ingila. Aikin zai sake gabatar da kaji masu rai, black grouse, water voles, aspen da rare upland bumblebees, da kuma dasa bishiyoyi 300,000 na asali. Sayen ya samo asali ne daga tallafin £5m daga Aviva, tare da yin kira ga jama'a don ƙara daidaito. 

## Manazarta
Kwalejin Ilim

An kafa **Kwalejin Ilim**, wacce a da aka fi sani da **Kwalejin Musulunci ta Arewa maso Yamma**, a shekarar 1995 don samar da ilimin Musulunci. Kwalejin Ilim shiri ne na shekara ta 12 na VCE, makarantar Musulunci mai zaman kanta. Tana cikin Dallas, Victoria, Ostiraliya.

Kwanan nan suka sun sayi makarantar Yorolla da ke kan titin Box Forest, Glenroy a matsayin harabar fadada. An sayi harabar jami'a a Doveton a shekarar 2014. Kungiyar agaji ta Millî Görüş ce ke mallakar makarantar, wacce ke da nufin biyan bukatun addini, ilimi, al'adu da zamantakewa na al'ummar Musulmi.[1]

## Manazarta
Tashar Nazarin Ruwa ta Jami'ar Millport

**Tashar Nazarin Halittu ta Jami'ar Millport (UMBSM)** wata babbar cibiyar ilimi ce da ke tsibirin Great Cumbrae a Firth na Clyde, Scotland, kuma jami'ar London ce ke kula da ita (wadda cibiyar ilimi ce ta tsakiya ). An rufe ta a shekarar 2013 kuma yanzu ta zama Cibiyar Filin Millport, wacce Majalisar Nazarin Fili ke gudanarwa.

Tana nan kusa da garin, tana da manhaja mai faɗi da kuma shirin bincike, tare da tarin ɗalibai a duk tsawon shekarar karatu. Gidan Tarihi da Kifin Aquarium (wanda aka sanya wa suna bayan wanda ya kafa shi, David Robertson ) a buɗe suke ga baƙi.  A watan Mayu na 2003, tashar ta karɓi jirgin ruwan bincike na ruwa mai tsawon mita 22 na RV ''Aora'' wanda Macduff ya gina. Tashar ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Tashar Yanayi ta Ofishin Yanayi da kuma Admiralty Tide Monitor.

## Tarihi

*An gina Jirgin*, mai tsawon , wanda mahaifin nazarin yanayin teku na zamani, Sir John Murray, ya gina shi a matsayin dakin gwaje-gwaje masu iyo. Ta kafa Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Scotland na tsawon shekaru 12 daga 1884. A shekarar 1885 aka ƙaura da ita daga Granton aka kuma zana ta a bakin teku a Port Loy, Cumbrae.  Ta jawo hankalin masana kimiyya masu daraja, waɗanda suka jawo hankalin wadatar namun daji da shuke-shuke na Firth of Clyde, amma an rufe ta a shekarar 1903.

A Millport, wani masanin kimiyyar halittu mai son aiki, David Robertson, ya sami kwarin gwiwa ta hanyar ganawa da Anton Dohrn da kuma tarin abubuwan da aka gano daga balaguron Challenger . A shekara ta 1894 ya kafa kwamiti don gina tashar jiragen ruwa a Millport kuma ya karɓi *The Ark* . A watan Mayu na 1897, Sir John Murray ya buɗe tashar nazarin halittu ta Millport, wacce ke kusa da Keppel Pier a hukumance.   Ginin ya samar da dakin gwaje-gwaje tare da tebura masu kayan aiki, da gidan kayan tarihi da akwatin kifaye da aka buɗe wa jama'a.  An lalata *Jirgin* gaba ɗaya sakamakon guguwa mai ƙarfi a daren 20 ga Janairu, 1900. 

A ranar 21 ga Yuli 1904, jirgin ruwan Dr. William Speirs Bruce na *Scotland* National Antarctic Expedition ya koma wurin saukar jirginsa na farko a Scotland, a Tsibirin Cumbrae.

Tun daga wannan lokacin, an gina tashar a hankali har zuwa girmanta na yanzu. Ginin asali ya yi ƙanƙanta sosai don manufar kuma an gina kwafin gine-gine tare da shi. Daga 1966 zuwa 1987, tashar tana aiki a ƙarƙashin shugabancin Ronald Ian Currie FRSE wanda ke da alhakin ƙirƙirar RV *Challenger* da RV *Calanus* . 

A watan Disamba na 2012, an sanar da cewa za a tilasta wa tashar nazarin halittu ta Jami'ar Millport rufewa bayan da Majalisar Ba da Tallafin Ilimi Mai Girma ta Ingila ta janye tallafin fam 400,000 da ta bai wa Jami'ar London don gudanar da tashar.  An rufe UMBSM a ranar 31 ga Oktoba 2013. 

An mayar da mallakar ga Majalisar Nazarin Filaye a ranar 1 ga Janairu 2014.  A watan Mayu 2014 an sanar da wani kunshin kuɗi na fam miliyan huɗu wanda aka yi niyya don ba da damar kammala cikakken shirin ci gaba da gyara a cikin shekaru biyar.  A shekarar 2020 an zaɓi cibiyar don lambar yabo ta Nature of Scotland Business Award saboda aikinsu na haɗa baƙi da gabar tekun tsibirin da ruwansu. 

## Manazarta
Makarantar Knox (Australia)

**Makarantar Knox** makaranta ce ta kwana mai zaman kanta, wacce ba ta da alaƙa da addini, wacce ke cikin yankin gabashin Melbourne na Wantirna South, Victoria, Ostiraliya. Makarantar memba ce ta ƙungiyar Makarantun Gabashin Masu Zaman Kansu na Melbourne. 

## Tarihi
An kafa Makarantar Knox a matsayin **Kwalejin Knoxfield** a watan Fabrairun 1982. Makarantar ta karɓi harabar makarantar daga Kwalejin Taylors da ke 220 Burwood Highway. Shugaban makarantar farko shine Dulcie Flinn, wacce a da ta kasance a Kwalejin 'Yan Mata ta Presbyterian, Melbourne. Daga 1982 zuwa 1985 akwai azuzuwa takwas masu ɗaukuwa - biyar na Makarantar Ƙarami da uku na Makarantar Sakandare. A shekarar 1985 an yi aikin gini na Mataki na II.

Shugaban makaranta na biyu shine Baxter Holly. A ƙarƙashin jagorancin Holly, Kwalejin Knoxfield ta ƙirƙiro Mataki na Uku, ciki har da Cibiyar Fasaha ta Wasan Kwaikwayo da Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha. A shekarar 1987, an yi ajin farko na aji na 12. A shekarar 1992, an sayi wani yanki mai faɗin 1.6 hectares (4.0 acres) kusa da makarantar daga wani wurin kiwon tsirrai. Wannan yanki yanzu shine filin Tew (wanda aka sanya wa suna bayan Wally Tew, wani kansila na gida), filin wasan hockey na roba na makarantar. An buɗe wannan a shekarar 1996. Shugaban makaranta na uku shine Tony Conabere. An naɗa shi a watan Yulin 1995. 1996 wata shekara ce ta gini, gami da harabar Pre-Prep da Tew Field, da kuma Pavilion da ke kusa.

A shekarar 1998 da 2000, Makarantar Knox ta kasance cikin manyan makarantu goma na Victoria, kuma a shekarar 1998 ta lashe lambar zinare don Aikin Kimantawa. A shekarar 2000 aka sake sanya wa makarantar suna zuwa Knox Grammar, duk da haka bayan shekara guda aka sake sanya wa makarantar suna zuwa The Knox School bayan "rashin jituwa" da Makarantar Knox Grammar game da sanya wa makarantar suna.

A shekara ta 2002, Gwamnan Victoria na wancan lokacin, John Landy, ya buɗe taron jama'a na bayanai. Wannan ginin ya ƙunshi hawa huɗu waɗanda suka haɗa da ɗakin karatu, kayan aikin kwamfuta da yawa, ɗakin studio na multimedia da ofisoshin ma'aikata da dama da kuma teburin cin abinci.

A shekara ta 2004, an naɗa shugabar makaranta ta huɗu, Suzanne McChesney. Haka kuma a wannan shekarar aka sayi harabar Philip Island Discovery Campus. A shekara ta 2005, aka sanya wa ginin makarantar ƙarama sunan ginin DGM Flinn bayan shugaban makarantar na farko. A shekara ta 2006 aka sake sanya wa Cibiyar Fasaha suna zuwa Ginin Masu Kafa, don girmama waɗanda suka fara makarantar.

## Manazarta
Dajin Kasa (Ingila)

**Dajin Ƙasa** wani aikin muhalli ne da **Kamfanin Daji na Ƙasa** ke gudanarwa a tsakiyar Ingila . Tun daga shekarun 1990,    na arewacin Leicestershire, kudu da Derbyshire da kudu maso gabashin Staffordshire an dasa su a wani yunƙuri na haɗa tsoffin dazuzzuka da sabbin wuraren da aka dasa don ƙirƙirar sabon dajin ƙasa. Ya miƙe daga gefen yammacin Leicester a gabas zuwa Burton a kan Trent a yamma, kuma ana shirin haɗa tsoffin dazuzzukan Needwood da Charnwood .

A watan Janairun 2018, gwamnatin Burtaniya ta bayyana shirin ƙirƙirar sabuwar dajin Arewacin Ingila  wanda zai tashi daga Liverpool zuwa Hull.  Zai haskaka hanyar babbar hanyar M62 ta gabas zuwa yamma. 

## Kamfanin Gandun Daji na Ƙasa

Kamfanin Dazuzzuka na Ƙasa ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wadda ba ta neman riba ba wadda aka kafa a watan Afrilun 1995 a matsayin kamfani mai garantin da aka iyakance .  Ma'aikatar Muhalli, Abinci da Harkokin Karkara (Defra) ce ke tallafawa ta, da nufin mayar da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na ƙasar da ke cikin iyakokin Dazuzzukan Ƙasa (  ) zuwa gandun daji, ta hanyar ƙarfafa masu filaye su canza amfani da filayensu. An bayyana shi a matsayin " daji da ake shirin ginawa" kuma ana fatan zai ƙara yawan ayyukan yawon buɗe ido da ayyukan gandun daji a yankin.

An dasa bishiyoyi kimanin miliyan 9.5, wanda ya ninka girman dajin da kashi 6% zuwa 25% sau uku 

## Shuka
Kimanin kashi 85% na bishiyoyin da aka dasa nau'ikan ganye ne na asali. Nau'ikan da aka fi shukawa sun haɗa da: itacen oak na Ingila, ash, poplar, itacen Corsican da itacen Scots . 

Sauyin yanayin ƙasa yana fara aiki yayin da ƙananan bulala na farko da aka dasa a farkon shekarun 1990 ke girma zuwa manyan bishiyoyi.

## Abubuwan jan hankali

A tsakiyar dajin ƙasa akwai *Conkers*, cibiyar baƙi da ke wajen ƙauyen Moira, Leicestershire . Akwai kuma cibiyar baƙi tare da yawo a daji da filayen wasa a Rosliston .
 
Garuruwan Ashby de la Zouch, Burton upon Trent, Swadlincote da Coalville suna cikin yankin dajin.

## Manazarta
Kwalejin Edinburgh (Lilydale, Victoria)

**Kwalejin Edinburgh** makaranta ce mai zaman kanta wacce ke koyar da yara tun suna ƙanana, firamare da sakandare, wacce ke cikin unguwar Lilydale, Victoria, ta gabashin Melbourne. Cocin Seventh-day Adventist ne ke gudanar da makarantar, kuma a da akwai makarantu biyu daban-daban: Lilydale Adventist Academy da Edinburgh Adventist Primary School. Wani ɓangare ne na tsarin ilimin Seventh-day Adventist, tsarin makarantun Kirista na biyu mafi girma a duniya.   

## Tarihi
WJ Gilson, shugaban gidauniyar Lilydale Adventist Academy, ya fara ba da shawarar buƙatar makarantar kwana ta kwana ta Seventh Day Adventist a gabashin gabar tekun Ostiraliya a farkon shekarun 1940. Duk da haka, sai a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 ne aikin ya fara samun ci gaba. Akwai fili mai girman  a yankin Lilydale. Da farko, kadarar wani ɓangare ne na gidan Mitchell kuma 'yar'uwar Dame Nellie Melba ce ta gina ta. A kan kadarar akwai gidan mai kula da shi wanda aka gina a kan ciyawa kore. Wannan gida ya kasance wani ɓangare na harabar makarantar.

An fara gina kayayyakin makarantar Lilydale Adventist Academy a shekarar 1963. Masu ginin, Mr. Crabb da tawagarsa, sun yi aiki don kammala kayan makarantar a lokacin da za a fara shekarar makaranta a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, 1964. [1] A farkon shekarar makaranta ta 1964, an gina gidajen gudanarwa na makaranta da na aji, da kuma ɗakin kwana na maza. A lokaci guda, Mr. Stoneman da Mr. Epps sun gina gidaje huɗu na ma'aikata a kan kadarorin. An ƙara ɗakin kwanan yarinyar kuma an fara aiki a farkon shekarar makaranta ta 1966. Ayyukan gine-gine na baya-bayan nan sun haɗa da: gidan cin abinci, cocin ɗalibai, wurin fasaha da fasaha, wurin kimiyya, ɗakin taro da wurin motsa jiki.

## Manazarta
Kwalejin Gilson

**Kwalejin Gilson** makaranta ce ta Kirista da ke cikin unguwannin Melbourne na Mernda da Taylors Hill, Victoria, Ostiraliya. Makarantar koyon farko ce ta ilimi mai zaman kanta, ta firamare, da sakandare. Makarantar tana kula da ɗalibai tun daga farkon koyo har zuwa Aji na 12. An kafa harabar makarantar a Taylors Hill a shekarar 1988. Makarantar ta mallaki harabar jami'a ta biyu a Mernda a watan Disamba na 2012 kuma an fara azuzuwan a watan Janairun 2013. A watan Janairun 2024, aka sake wa Kwalejin Gilson da ke Mernda suna zuwa Kwalejin Kirista ta Mernda Hills. Makarantar wani ɓangare ne na tsarin ilimin Adventist na kwana bakwai, tsarin makarantun Kirista na biyu mafi girma a duniya.   

## Tarihi
Kwalejin Gilson ta fara ne tun daga tsakiyar shekarun 1970 lokacin da aka kafa makarantar firamare a unguwar Pascoe Vale da ke arewa maso yammacin Melbourne. A ƙarshen shekarar 1987, an rufe makarantar Pascoe Vale, kuma an kafa Makarantar Keilor a shekarar 1988. A shekarar 1992, majalisar makarantar ta kaɗa ƙuri'ar canza sunan makarantar daga Makarantar Keilor zuwa Kwalejin Gilson a matsayin girmamawa ga WJ Gilson, wani fitaccen mutum a fannin ilimin Adventist a Ostiraliya. Ci gaban harabar makarantar Taylors Hill ya sa ɗaliban da suka shiga makarantar suka tashi daga kimanin ɗalibai 50 zuwa sama da 1,000.

A watan Disamba na 2012, an gina harabar Kwalejin Gilson ta biyu daga tsohuwar Kwalejin Acacia . Tana kula da Gidauniyar (Shirye-shirye) har zuwa Shekara ta 12 (2019). 

## Shugabannin makarantu
Mutane masu zuwa sun yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Kwalejin:

## Kayan aiki
 
Harabar makarantar Taylors Hill tana kan fili mai fadin  kusa da Caroline Springs, a gefen yammacin Melbourne. Kwalejin ta ci gaba da faɗaɗa jerin makarantunta na ilimi a cikin shekaru 18 da suka gabata, tun daga sashen kimiyya, ɗakin karatu da kuma rukunin azuzuwan E da aka kammala a shekarar 2000, daga baya kuma aka kammala sashen IT da ofishin Gudanarwa a shekarar 2003. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an ƙara wani rukunin azuzuwan aji shida na shekara biyar da shida a harabar makarantar. Shirin gini yana ƙara kayan aiki kowace shekara. An ƙara ko an gyara azuzuwan zamani. Baya ga wannan, dakunan gwaje-gwaje na fasaha da sabbin kayan aikin kimiyya suna biyan buƙatun ɗalibai. Babban ɗakin motsa jiki da cibiyar kimiyyar muhalli sune abubuwan da ke cikin harabar makarantar.

An gina harabar Mernda a kan fili mai fadin 13 hectares (32 acres) a yankunan arewacin birnin, wanda ya ƙunshi wani sashe na gwamnati, da kuma wani rukunin makarantun firamare. Ginin sakandare na zamani ne kuma ya ƙunshi azuzuwa, dakin gwaje-gwajen kimiyya, fasahar abinci, ɗakin sadarwa na gani, fasahar masana'antu, ɗakin fasaha, kiɗa da ɗakunan wasan kwaikwayo. A shekarar 2017, an fara aiki kan gyara da kammala sabon wurin makarantar sakandare ga ɗaliban sakandare tare da azuzuwan da ke aiki a shekarar 2018.

## Manazarta
Makarantar Firamare ta Erasmus

**Makarantar Firamare ta Erasmus** makaranta ce mai zaman kanta da ke Hawthorn, Victoria, wani yanki na Melbourne, Ostiraliya, tana hidimar yara tun daga aji na shida. Hukumar Ilimi Renaissance Trust ce ta kafa ta,  wacce ke da alaƙa da Makarantar Kimiyyar Tattalin Arziki, wacce aka fi sani da Makarantar Falsafa.

## Ilimin Halayya
Erasmus yana da manhaja ta musamman ga makarantar firamare ta Ostiraliya. Makarantar ta haɗa da ayyukan tunani da tunani a kullum tun daga matakin farko na aji; ban da haka, manhajar ta haɗa da Latin da Sanskrit, wanda tsohon shugaban makarantar Jonathan Tickner ya bayyana a matsayin 'kusan cikakke a kimiyya'. Makarantar kuma tana koyar da azuzuwan falsafa da nassosi sau ɗaya a mako, daga cakuda falsafar Gabas da Yamma, musamman game da makarantar Advaita Vedanta. Shafin yanar gizon makarantar yana ɗauke da ambato daga Shantanand Saraswati, tsohon shugaban gidan ibada na Jyotir Math Hindu kuma majagaba na ƙungiyar Advaita. An ambaci manhaja da ilimin da ba a saba gani ba na Makarantar Firamare ta Erasmus a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na ƙasa. 

## Haɗi da Makarantar Kimiyyar Tattalin Arziki
Makarantar Firamare ta Erasmus ta naɗa Leon MacLaren na Makarantar Kimiyyar Tattalin Arziki a matsayin wanda ya kafa ta. [undefined] Makarantun da ke da alaƙa da Makarantar Kimiyyar Tattalin Arziki sun kasance batun badakalar cin zarafin yara [2] da kuma zargin ƙungiyoyin asiri.[1] An tattauna Erasmus sosai [3] [4] a cikin dandalin tattaunawa na intanet ga tsoffin ɗaliban Makarantun St James Independent da ke Landan, wata cibiyar ilimi da ke da alaƙa da SES, game da cin zarafin yara da tsoffin ɗalibai da iyalansu suka fuskanta; wannan dandalin daga baya ya zama batun bincike na sirri wanda ya gano cewa an "ci zarafin yara" a lokacin da suke makarantar St James da Vedast.[5]

## Manazarta
Kwalejin Kasa da Kasa ta Australiya

**Kwalejin Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Australia** ƙungiya ce ta makarantun Musulunci a wurare daban-daban a Ostiraliya. Makarantar ita ce kwalejin Musulmi ta farko a Ostiraliya kuma a lokacin ana kiranta da Kwalejin Musulunci ta Sarki Khalid wacce aka sanya wa suna bayan Khalid bin Abdulaziz al Saud. An kafa makarantar firamare a shekarar 1999 tare da tallafin kuɗi daga Saudiyya, wanda shine kawai kuɗin ƙasashen waje da makarantar ta samu. 

Makarantar tana da cibiyoyin karatun guda shida waɗanda ke ba da Manhajar Karatu ta Ƙasa ta Australiya da kuma Babbar Difloma ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa. Kwalejin tana da harabar Firamare (tana ba da maki na Shiri zuwa Aji 5) a Coburg, da kuma harabar Sakandare (Aji 6 zuwa Aji 12) a Merlynston, North Coburg. Wani sabon harabar jami'a, wanda ke Caroline Springs, ya fara aiki a farkon shekarar 2014.

A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, Kwalejin ta faɗaɗa zuwa New South Wales ta hanyar siyan makaranta a Strathfield South (Kwalejin Musulunci ta Noor Al Houda, wacce asalinta Kwalejin Leigh ce) da kuma ƙarin harabar jami'a a Kellyville.

Kwalejin tana da harabar jami'a a Abu Dhabi, UAE wanda a shekarar 2013 ya zama cikakken takardar shaidar kammala karatun digiri na kasa da kasa (IB).

An kuma amince da Kwalejin Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Australiya da zama makarantar Musulmi ta farko kuma ita kaɗai da ta bayar da dukkan shirye-shiryen IB guda uku a yankin kudu.

## Manazarta
Makarantar Grammar ta Westbourne

**Makarantar Grammar Westbourne makaranta** ce ta kwana ɗaya ta ilimi mai zaman kanta a Ostiraliya a Truganina, wani yanki na yammacin Melbourne, Victoria . Westbourne tana da harabar jami'a guda biyu. Babban harabar jami'ar, wacce aka buɗe a shekarar 1978, tana kan titin Sayers a Truganina kuma tana ba da azuzuwan ɗalibai a kowane mataki, daga makarantar renon yara zuwa takardar shaidar ilimi ta Victoria (VCE). Ƙaramin harabar jami'a yana kusa da Williamstown kuma yana ba da ilimi ga ɗalibai har zuwa shekara ta 4. Amici ELC tana ba da kulawar yara da makarantar renon yara a harabar Truganina.

Jimillar ɗaliban da suka yi rajista sun kai kimanin 2,200, tare da 1,200 a matakin sakandare (Shekaru 7 zuwa 12). Yawancin ɗalibai sun fito ne daga unguwannin da ke yammacin Melbourne, daga Werribee da Hoppers Crossing, zuwa Newport da Williamstown, zuwa Sydenham da St Albans, zuwa Footscray da Maribyrnong. Makarantar tana da wani wuri na musamman da aka tsara musamman don ɗaliban ƙasashen waje da kuma cikakken shirin Turanci a matsayin Harshe na Biyu. Tana ɗaukar nauyin ɗalibai da yawa na ƙasashen duniya kowace shekara. Makarantar ta kafa wuraren wasanni ciki har da Cibiyar Wasanni da Ruwa (mita 25 da koyon ninkaya, ɗakin rawa da wurin motsa jiki) manyan ƙwallon ƙafa guda biyu, filayen ƙwallon ƙafa na yanayi, da filayen wasan tennis. Tana da malamai sama da 350, ma'aikatan tallafi da ma'aikatan ofis. Shugaban Westbourne shine Adrian Camm. Ya riƙe wannan matsayi tun 2022 kuma shine shugaban makarantar na huɗu.

A shekarar 2017, makarantar ta yi bikin cika shekaru 150 da kafuwa. A tsawon shekarar, makarantar ta shirya bukukuwa da dama don murnar cika shekaru 100 da kafuwa, ciki har da bikin makaranta da kuma bikin fara gina wurin ninkaya. Shekarar cika shekaru 100 da kafuwa ta kuma hada da sake sanya tambarin makarantar.

## Tsarin gida
Tsarin gidaje yana shafar mafi yawan rayuwar makaranta. Kowanne gida yana da nasa akwatin ajiye kaya da ofis. Manyan tarurruka guda huɗu na tsakanin gidaje (yin iyo, wasannin motsa jiki, ketare ƙasa da waƙa) sune babban ɓangaren wannan gasar. Ana ba wa gidan garkuwa da maki mafi yawa bisa ga rawar da suka taka a duk shekara a waɗannan manyan tarurruka da kuma wasu ƙananan tarurruka kamar badminton, dara, tattaunawa da muhawara.

### Gidaje
Gidajen makarantar sakandare masu kayan ado na gida da launuka:

* Gidan Derrimut ("Derrimut Tigers") - lemu
* Gidan Flinders ("Flinders Falcons") - shuɗi
* Gidan Hudson ("Hudson Dragons") - kore
* Gidan Molland ("Molland Bulls") - ja
* Gidan Pascoe ("Pascoe Pythons") - rawaya/zinariya
* Gidan Strathmore ("Sharks na Strathmore") - shunayya

## Manazarta
Kwalejin Genazzano FCJ

**Kwalejin Genazzano FCJ** makaranta ce ta Katolika, makarantar kwana ta yau da kullun ga 'yan mata, wacce ke Kew, wani yanki na gabashin Melbourne, Victoria, Ostiraliya.

An kafa kwalejin a shekarar 1889 ta hannun Amintattun Sahabbai na Yesu (FCJ Sisters), kuma tana da tsarin rajista ba tare da zaɓe ba. A shekarar 2007, makarantar ta ɗauki nauyin kimanin ɗalibai 1,000 daga Cibiyar Koyon Farko zuwa Aji na 12, ciki har da ɗaliban da ke zaune a gida 40 daga Aji na 8 zuwa 12.[1]

Genazzano memba ne na Ƙungiyar Shugabannin Makarantun 'Yancin Kai na Ostiraliya (AHISA),  Ƙungiyar Makarantun 'Yancin Kai na Victoria (AISV),  Ƙungiyar Makarantun 'Yan Mata ta Australasia. kuma memba ce ta kafa ƙungiyar ' Yan Matan Wasannin Victoria (GSV).

## Tarihi
An kafa Kwalejin Genazzano FCJ a shekarar 1889 a matsayin makarantar kwana ga 'yan matan karkara bisa ga umarnin, Abokan Yesu Masu Aminci (FCJ Sisters), musamman Marie Madeleine D'Houet, wacce aka sanya wa suna ɗaya daga cikin makarantun, a wurin da take a yanzu a Kew. Sunan ya samo asali ne daga garin Genazzano da ke Italiya.

An saka Ginin Wardell a cikin Rijistar Gado ta Victoria. 

## Tsarin gida
Kamar yadda yake a yawancin makarantun Ostiraliya, Genazzano yana amfani da tsarin gidaje . A halin yanzu akwai gidaje shida da aka sanya wa suna bayan mutane masu muhimmanci a tarihin makarantar:

* D'Houet (shuɗi): An sanya masa suna bayan Marie Madeleine D'Houet, wacce ta kafa ƙungiyar FCJ Sisters.
* Hannu (rawaya): An sanya masa suna bayan Mama Stanislaus Stock, shugabar farko ta Genazzano, 1889–1914.
* Gerda (kore): An sanya mata suna bayan Uwa Gerda Prytz, ɗalibar Genazzano ta farko da ta shiga ƙungiyar FCJ.
* Douglas (ruwan hoda): An sanya masa suna bayan Mama Philomena Douglas, Shugabar Genazzano, 1932–1958.
* Corry (ja): An sanya masa suna bayan Ellen Corry, ɗalibi na farko, Shugabar farko ta OGA (Daliban da suka gabata).
* Lokacin hunturu (farare): An sanya mata suna bayan Mary Winter, wacce aka karrama ta a baya. Har yanzu ana ba da kyautar Kwalejin don Aminci don girmama ta.

Gidajen suna fafatawa a gasar ninkaya, wasannin motsa jiki, tseren ƙasa, da kuma gasar rawa ta gida ta 'Genazzano Day'.

## Manazarta
Makarantar Sophia Mundi Steiner

**Makarantar Sophia Mundi Steiner** makaranta ce mai zaman kanta da ke Abbotsford, Victoria, Ostiraliya,  wacce ke bin falsafar ilimi ta Rudolf Steiner. Makarantun da ke bin ka'idodin Rudolf Steiner ana kiransu makarantun Steiner, ko makarantun Waldorf. An kafa Sophia Mundi a shekarar 1985 ta hanyar gungun iyaye. Azuzuwan Shiryawa zuwa Aji na 12 suna cikin ginin St. Mary na rukunin Abbotsford Convent. Haka kuma ana bayar da Playgroup a wurin.

## Suna
Sunan "Sophia Mundi" ("Hikimar Duniya") haɗin kalmar Girkanci "sophia" (hikima) da kalmar Latin "mundus" (duniya).

## Kayan aiki
Makarantar tana cikin ginin tarihi na St Marys da aka jera a cikin Abbotsford Convent, kuma tana kallon gefen Kogin Yarra da kuma Collingwood Children's Farm . Wurin makarantar yana kusa da 4.&nbsp;kilomita daga Cibiyar Birnin Melbourne kuma yana da kyau a samu jigilar jama'a (Bas da Jirgin Kasa) kuma yana kan babban Titin Keke na Yarra.

A watan Disamba na 2011, an ba wa Makarantar izinin gina azuzuwa huɗu da kuma mayar da wurin wanka da aka daina amfani da shi zuwa filin wasa da wurin taro. &#x5B; ** &#x5D; Waɗannan gyare-gyaren sun maye gurbin kayayyakin da aka rasa a sayar da tsohon Makarantar Fasaha ta St Joseph, wurin Abbotsford da ke Titin Nicholoson, Abbotsford ta Katolika a watan Oktoban 2010. A da, azuzuwan makarantun sakandare ne makarantun ke amfani da tsohon wurin. An buɗe waɗannan azuzuwan, da wurin taron al'umma da filin wasa a watan Agustan 2012. 

## Manhaja ta Manhaja
Ana koyar da muhimman darussa a cikin tubalan da aka tattara, masu ci gaba, na tsawon makonni uku (babban darussa) don a ji daɗin batun sosai, a haɗa shi da kuma narke shi. Wasan kwaikwayo, Fasaha, Sana'a da Kiɗa muhimmin ɓangare ne na manhajar karatu. Kowane yaro daga Aji na Uku zuwa gaba yana koyon kayan kida daga dangin kirtani kuma yana shiga cikin ƙungiyoyi. Makarantar tana goyon bayan tsarin Steiner Education Australia don ƙirƙirar manhajar Steiner da ACARA ta amince da ita na shekaru 1-10 a matsayin madadin Manhajar Ostiraliya, kuma tana shirin bayar da wannan manhajar yanzu da aka amince da ita.

## Manazarta
Kwamitin Kula da dazuzzuka na British Columbia

**Hukumar Ayyukan Daji ta British Columbia** ƙungiya ce mai sa ido kan harkokin dazuzzuka  wacce gwamnatin BC ke ɗaukar nauyinta ta hanyar Dokar Ayyukan Daji ta British Columbia, wadda ke shirya bincike da rahotanni kan bin ƙa'idodin lardin da masana'antar sare bishiyoyi bisa ga Dokar Wutar Lantarki ta Wildfire, da Dokar Ayyukan Daji da Daji, da nufin ƙarfafa ayyukan dazuzzuka da gandun daji "masu dorewa" a British Columbia, Kanada .      da kuma binciken kwakwaf. 

Ƙungiyar tana kuma bincika koke-koken jama'a game da ayyukan da ake yi a filayen da Crown ta mallaka, kuma sakamakon haka za ta iya ba da shawarwari  da/ko kuma ta nemi gwamnati ta sake duba amincewa da ayyukan gandun daji da kuma shawarwarin da aka yanke kan aiwatar da doka.     

## Manazarta
Fellesaksjonen kalmar gasskraftverk

**Fellesaksjonen mot gasskraftverk** (wanda aka fi sani da " *Matakin gama gari akan tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki na iskar gas* ") tsohuwar ƙungiyar kare muhalli ce wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin ƙungiya tsakanin ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu daban-daban waɗanda suka yi adawa da gina tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki na iskar gas a Norway. An ƙirƙiri ta a ɓoye a cikin 1997 kuma ta sami damar tattara mutane kusan 3,000 da ke son yin amfani da rashin biyayya ga jama'a don hana ginin, kafin ta bayyana a bainar jama'a don sanar da wannan juriya.  An wargaza ƙungiyar a shekara ta 2002.

## Tarihi
Ƙungiyar Norwegian Society for the Conservation of Nature (NNV) da Natur og Ungdom (NU) ne suka kafa ƙungiyar. Tsohon shugaban NU, kuma daga baya shugaban NNV, Lars Haltbrekken, ne ya jagoranci ƙungiyar. Asalin ƙungiyar shine cewa Naturkraft yana da izinin gina tashoshin wutar lantarki guda biyu masu amfani da iskar gas a Kårstø da Kollsnes, kodayake za a gina su ba tare da jerin abubuwan da ke cikin carbon ba. A taron NU a watan Janairun 2007, an yanke shawarar amfani da rashin biyayya ga jama'a, kuma ana buƙatar hanyar sadarwa don tsara hakan.

Kalaman ƙungiyar sun dogara ne da barazanar da Majalisar Jagland ta yi da sabuwar zanga-zangar takaddamar Alta kafin zaɓen 1997. Dabaru ya yi aiki, kuma a lokacin bazara na 1997 Thorbjørn Jagland ya jinkirta izinin tashoshin wutar lantarki.  Bayan zaɓen, Majalisar First Council Bondevik, waɗanda suka yi adawa da tashoshin wutar lantarki na iskar gas, sun shiga majalisar. Fellesaksjonen ta yi nasarar hana gina tashoshin wutar lantarki na iskar gas a lokacin da take wanzuwa, tare da cikakken kololuwar da ta zo a shekarar 2000 lokacin da majalisar First Council Bondevik ta bar ofis don hana gininsu. Zuwa shekarar 2002 babu amfani ga Fellesaksjonen, wanda ya rufe, kodayake aikin ya ci gaba da gudana a wasu ƙungiyoyin muhalli.

## Manazarta
Kwamitin kan Matsayin Dabbobin daji da ke cikin haɗari a Kanada

**Kwamitin Kan Matsayin Namun Dajin Da Ke Cikin Hadari a Kanada** ( **COSEWIC**, Faransanci: **Kwamitin kan yanayin da ake ciki a Kanada**, **COSEPAC** ) kwamiti ne mai zaman kansa na kwararru kan namun daji da masana kimiyya wadanda "ra'ayinsu na gano nau'ikan da ke cikin hadari" a Kanada.  Yana nuna matsayin kiyaye nau'ikan daji.

An kafa ta a shekarar 1977 don samar da rarrabuwa guda ɗaya, mai inganci a kimiyya, ta nau'ikan namun daji da ke cikin haɗarin ɓacewa.  A cikin Dokar Nau'ikan da ke cikin Hadari ta 2002, an naɗa COSEWIC a matsayin hukuma don gano da kuma tantance matsayin nau'in. Duk da cewa matsayin da COSEWIC ta ba shi ba bisa doka ba ne, yana ba da rahoton sakamakonsa ga gwamnati da jama'a. Rahoton yana da tasiri ga ƙara nau'ikan zuwa Jerin Nau'ikan Namun Daji da ke cikin Hadari ta Ministan Muhalli .  

## Nau'ikan haɗari

Zuwa watan Disamba na 2013, akwai "nau'ikan namun daji 686 a cikin nau'ikan haɗarin COSEWIC daban-daban, ciki har da 196 Special Concern (SC), 166 Threatened (T), 302 Endaged (E), 22 Extirpated (XT) (watau, ba a sake samun su a cikin daji a Kanada ba) da kuma nau'ikan namun daji 15 waɗanda suka ɓace (X). Ɗayan rukunin ba ya cikin haɗari (NAR). 

COSEWIC tana ba da rahotannin yanayin da aka sabunta akan layi akan nau'ikan da aka keɓe. 

## Sharuɗɗa
COSEWIC ta kafa ka'idojin adadi don kimanta matsayin nau'ikan halittu bisa ga sake fasalin Jerin Ja na IUCN,  mafi cikakken kiyasin duniya na yanayin kiyayewa na nau'ikan halittu na duniya. COSEWIC ta samar da Ƙungiyar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya (IUCN), babbar hukumar duniya kan yanayin kiyayewa na nau'ikan halittu, tare da Jerin Ja na Yanki .

## Manazarta
Charles Blunt

**Charles William Blunt** (an haife shi a ranar 19 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1951) tsohon dan siyasar Australiya ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar National Party of Australia daga 1989 zuwa 1990.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Blunt a Sydney kuma ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Sydney tare da digiri a fannin tattalin arziki. Bayan ya yi aiki a wurare daban-daban an hayar shi a matsayin Darakta na Jihar New South Wales na Jam'iyyar National.

A wani zabe a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu 1984, an zabi Blunt a Majalisar Wakilai don Rukunin Richmond a arewacin New South Wales, duk da cewa ba shi da wata alaƙa da yankin. Ya gaji tsohon Mataimakin Firayim Minista kuma shugaban NPA, Doug Anthony, wanda ya yi murabus daga kujerarsa.

Nan da nan aka kara Blunt zuwa benci na gaba na adawa, yana aiki a matsayin Ministan Inuwa na Ayyukan Jama'a. An mayar da shi majalisa a babban zaben 1984 da 1987.

## Shugaban Jam'iyyar National
A shekara ta 1989 Blunt ya shirya juyin mulkin shugabanci a kan tsohon shugaban NPA, Ian Sinclair . Ya yi niyyar inganta NPA ta zamani kuma ya kawo ta cikin daidaituwa tare da Jam'iyyar Liberal, musamman kan batutuwan da suka shafi rushe tattalin arziki. Ya kuma kasance mai sassaucin ra'ayi a cikin al'umma fiye da yawancin mambobin NPA.

Abin takaici ga Blunt, babu ɗayan waɗannan abubuwa da suka shahara tare da matsayi da fayil ɗin membobin NPA, kuma ya sami jagorancinsa a ƙarƙashin karuwar hari daga masu bin al'ada. A lokaci guda wurin zama na Richmond, wanda NPA da wanda ya riga shi Jam'iyyar Country Party suka rike tun 1922, ya zama birane. Wasu suna jayayya cewa karuwar rashin amincewa da gwamnatin jihar ta National Party a Queensland ya rinjayi niyyar jefa kuri'a ta tarayya. Richmond yana zaune a fadin Kogin Tweed daga Gold Coast, kuma yankuna biyu suna da kasuwar talabijin. Koyaya, wurin zama ya zama mafi ƙanƙanta a ƙarshen lokacin Doug Anthony. Mai fafutukar yaki Helen Caldicott ta sanar da cewa za ta yi adawa da Blunt a cikin masu jefa kuri'a a zaben na gaba.

## Rayuwa ta baya
Bayan barin siyasa Blunt ya shiga kasuwanci. Ya jagoranci ayyukan kasuwanci da saka hannun jari da yawa zuwa Amurka kuma ya kasance mai magana na yau da kullun a taron kasuwanci da saka idanu na kasa da kasa. A shekara ta 1992 ya zama Darakta na Kasa na Kamfanin Kasuwanci na Amurka a Ostiraliya, ya yi murabus a shekara ta 2013. Har ila yau, a halin yanzu shi ne shugaban kamfanoni da yawa da aka jera a fili, gami da Kasuwanci da Manufofin Kasuwanci na Kasuwanci.

A cikin shekara ta 2014, Blunt ya bayyana a cikin wani shirin fim game da 'yan kasa, "A Country Road: The Nationals" inda ya yi magana game da lokacinsa a matsayin shugaban' yan kasa. A kan wannan shirin, John Sharp, dan majalisa na kasa a lokacin jagorancin Blunt, ya ce a baya kuskure ne ga Sinclair ya maye gurbinsa a matsayin jagora da Blunt.

## Manazarta
Michael McCormack (ɗan siyasa na Australiya)

**Michael Francis McCormack** (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1964) ɗan siyasan Australiya ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin Firayim Minista na 18 na Ostiraliya daga 2018 zuwa 2021 a ƙarƙashin Firayim Ministocin Malcolm Turnbull kuma daga baya Scott Morrison . Ya kuma kasance Ministan Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Development, bayan da ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Ma'aikatan Tsaro da Ministan Harkokin Tsohon Sojoji daga 2017 zuwa 2018. McCormack ya kasance memba na Majalisar Wakilai tun daga shekara ta 2010, yana wakiltar Rukunin Riverina a New South Wales . Ya kasance editan jarida kafin ya shiga siyasa.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi McCormack a Wagga Wagga, New South Wales a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin yara biyar da aka haifa ga Eileen Margaret (née Margosis; 1938-2018)   da Lance McCormack (d. 2008),  manomi ne mai bushe. Kakan mahaifiyarsa, George Peter Margosis, an haife shi a 1896 a Akrata, Girka; an haifi sauran kakanninsa uku a New South Wales.    Yana da 'yan uwa hudu, Denise, Robyn, Julieanne da Mark. Ya girma a gonakin iyali a kusa da Marrar da Brucedale . Ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta St Michael da Trinity Senior High School (daga baya ya haɗu da Kwalejin Katolika ta Kildare). 

Bayan barin makaranta, McCormack ya ɗauki aikin cadetship a The Daily Advertiser, jaridar yau da kullun ta gida. An nada shi editan jaridar a shekarar 1991, yana da shekaru 27, wanda ya sa ya zama "mafi ƙanƙanta editan jarida a Ostiraliya". An kori McCormack daga The Daily Advertiser a watan Fabrairun 2002. A mayar da martani, "fiye da 'yan jarida 20, masu daukar hoto da sauran ma'aikatan edita" sun shirya tafiya ta sa'o'i 24. Ya ci gaba da kai karar Riverina Media Group saboda korar da ba ta dace ba, kuma a cikin 2003 ya daidaita daga kotu don adadin da ba a bayyana ba. McCormack daga baya ya fara nasa kamfanin watsa labarai da wallafe-wallafen, MSS Media Services and Solutions .  Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin darektan Murrumbidgee Turf Club daga 1994 zuwa 2003, da kuma masanin tarihinta.

## Ayyukan siyasa

McCormack ya kasance darektan yakin neman zabe na Kay Hull, dan majalisa na kasa na Riverina, a zaben tarayya na 2004 da 2007. Hull ta sanar da ritayar ta daga siyasa a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2010, kuma McCormack daga baya ta lashe zaben kujerarta a Zaben 2010. [1] 'Yan Liberals sun tsaya a matsayin dan takara a Riverina a karo na farko tun 1998, amma hakan bai yi tasiri sosai ba a sakamakon, tare da' yan kasa da suka yi rikodin maki 3.6 a kan jam'iyyun biyu da aka fi so.[2]

## Rayuwa ta mutum
McCormack, Roman Katolika, ta auri Catherine (née Shaw) a Cathedral na Saint Michael, Wagga Wagga a shekarar 1986. Suna da 'ya'ya uku.

A shekara ta 1995, ya zama mai mallakar "babban tarin littattafai na The Times a ko'ina cikin duniya a wajen London", yana samun littattafai 900 daga Jami'ar Charles Sturt *Lokaci* da ta ƙare daga sararin ajiya.

## Manazarta
Adalci na Yanayi Yanzu!

**Hukuncin Yanayi Yanzu!**  ( **CJN!** ) ƙungiya ce ta duniya ta ƙungiyoyi da ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ke fafutukar tabbatar da adalci a yanayi . 

An kafa ƙungiyar ne a taron UNFCCC na 2007 a Bali, kuma tun daga lokacin ta tattara don tarurrukan UNFCCC a Bangkok, Copenhagen da Cancun.

## Membobi
CJN! ta lissafa membobinta da abokan hulɗarta a shafinta na yanar gizo kamar haka:

* Taron Asiya Pacific kan Mata, Dokoki da Ci Gaba (APWLD)
* Agogon Ciniki na Carbon
* Cibiyar Kula da Muhalli
* Cibiyar Adalci Kan Muhalli, Sri Lanka
* Ƙungiyar Matasan Yanayi na Kanada/Coalition canadiene des jeunes pour le climat
* Duniya a cikin Maƙala
* Mutanen Duniya
* Masana ilimin halittu a Acción
* Faɗakarwa da Farfaɗo da Muhalli - Thailand (DUNIYA)
* Mayar da Hankali Kan Kudancin Duniya
* 'Yanci daga Hadin Kan Bashi, Philippines
* Abokan Duniya na Duniya
* Abokan Duniya Amurka
* GAIA: Ƙungiyar Hana Kone Kone ta Duniya da Ƙungiyar Hana Kone Kone ta Duniya don Madadin Kone Kone
* Musayar Duniya
* Hadin gwiwar Gandun Daji na Duniya
* Aikin Muhalli na Adalci na Duniya
* Gendercc – Mata don Adalci na Yanayi
* IBON na duniya
* Cibiyar Noma da Manufofin Ciniki (IATP)
* Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofi (IPS)
* Taron Ƙasashen Duniya kan Haɗa Kan Ƙasashen Duniya
* Kalikasan-Peoples Network for the Environment (Kalikasan-PNE)
* La Via Campesina International Peasant Movement
* Membobin ƙungiyar Durban don tabbatar da adalci a yanayi
* Agogon mai
* Hadin gwiwar Muhalli na 'Yan Asalin Pacific, Aotearoa/New Zealand
* Cibiyar Samar da Makamashi Mai Dorewa da Tattalin Arziki
* Cibiyar Muhalli ta 'Yan Asalin
* Cibiyar Ayyukan Yanayi ta Duniya da Ka'idarta
* Ƙungiyar Jama'a don Shari'ar Kamun Kifi-Indonesia (KIARA)
* Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Thailand don Adalci Kan Yanayi (TCJ)
* Cibiyar Shari'a ta Tibet
* Ƙungiyar Timberwatch
* Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Al'ummomin 'Yan Asalin Ƙasa da Al'ummomin Gidaje da ke yaƙi da REDD
* WALHI/Abokan Duniya Indonesia
* Ƙungiyar Dazuzzukan Ruwa ta Duniya
* Shaidun Kula da Duniya na Quaker

## Manazarta