Fataucin mutane a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya

Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya (CAR) ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar TIP ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 2000 a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2006.

## Tarihi a cikin 2010
A cikin 2010 CAR ta kasance tushen da kuma makoma ga yara da ke fuskantar fataucin mutane, musamman nau'o'i daban-daban na tilasta aiki da tilasta karuwanci. Yawancin yaran da aka kashe an yi fataucin su ne a cikin ƙasar, amma karamin adadi ya koma baya da baya daga Kamaru, Chadi, Najeriya, Jamhuriyar Kongo, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, da Sudan. Masu cinikin kaya, gami da membobin al'ummomin kasashen waje daga Najeriya, Sudan, da Chadi, da kuma 'yan kasuwa da makiyaya na ɗan lokaci, sun ba da yara ga bautar gida ba tare da son rai ba, Cin zarafin jima'i na kasuwanci, ko aikin tilas a aikin gona, ma'adinan lu'u-lu'u, da sayar da titi. Kungiyoyin da suka fi fuskantar hadarin fataucin mutane sune yara don aikin tilas, 'yan tsiraru na Ba'aka (Pygmy) don aikin noma na tilas, da' yan mata don cinikin jima'i a cikin birane. Sojojin Tsayayya na Ubangiji sun ci gaba da sace da kuma bautar da yara Sudanese, Congolese, Afirka ta Tsakiya, da Uganda a cikin CAR don amfani da su a matsayin masu dafa abinci, masu ɗaukar kaya, da mayaƙa; wasu daga cikin waɗannan yara an kuma kai su baya da gaba a kan iyakoki zuwa Sudan ko Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo . 

Masu lura da haƙƙin ɗan adam sun ba da rahoton cewa ƙungiyoyin 'yan adawa a arewacin ƙasar sun ci gaba da yin amfani da yara ba bisa ka'ida ba tun suna da shekaru 12 a cikin aikin soja. Biyu daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye, duk da haka, Union of Democratic Forces for Unity (UFDR)  da Army for the Restitution of Democracy (APRD), sun dakatar da duk daukar yara a lokacin bayar da rahoto sakamakon rashin makamai, sake farfadowa, da ayyukan sake shiga. UNICEF ta ruwaito cewa APRD ta saki yara sojoji 711 a cikin 2009; kimanin kashi 30 cikin dari suna tsakanin shekaru 10 zuwa 14, kuma daga cikin wadanda, kashi 70 cikin dari sun yi aiki a yaƙi. UFDR ta kori yara 180 a cikin shekara. Kodayake UFDR da APRD sun musanta kasancewar ƙarin yara a cikin rukunin su, wasu masu kallo sun yi imanin cewa har yanzu suna da yara tsakanin shekaru 15 zuwa 17. Rukunin kare kai na ƙauye, wasu daga cikinsu suna da tallafin gwamnati, suna amfani da yara a matsayin mayakan, masu tsaro, da masu ɗaukar kaya a cikin shekara; UNICEF ta kiyasta cewa yara sun ƙunshi kashi ɗaya bisa uku na rukunin kare kai.

A cikin 2010 Gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ba ta cika cikakkun ka'idoji don kawar da fataucin mutane ba; duk da haka, ta yi ƙoƙari sosai don yin hakan, duk da iyakantaccen albarkatu, hare-haren kan iyaka daga kasashe uku makwabta, da rashin kwanciyar hankali na siyasa. A cikin shekara ta 2010, gwamnati ta aiwatar da gyare-gyare ga dokar azabtarwa da ke hanawa da kuma ba da horo ga laifukan fataucin mutane. Ministan Shari'a, duk da haka, ya dakatar da ayyukan Kwamitin Ma'aikatar don Yaki da Cin zarafin Yara, har sai an sake duba daftarin Dokar Iyali don tabbatar da cewa dokar ta ba da izinin irin wannan kwamitin ya wanzu kuma ya yi aiki yadda ya kamata; wannan sabon lambar zai ƙayyade tsarin doka na aikin kwamitin ma'aikatun. Gwamnati ba ta dauki mataki na tilasta bin doka a kan masu fataucin mutane ba, ganowa ko samar da sabis na kariya ga wadanda ke fama da fataucin yara, ko kuma ta wayar da kan jama'a game da lamarin a lokacin bayar da rahoto.

## Amsa ta kasa da kasa
Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don Kulawa da Yaki da Cin Hanci da Kasuwanci a cikin Mutane ya sanya kasar a cikin "Tier 3" a cikin 2017. An sanya kasar a Tier 2 a cikin 2023.

A cikin 2023, Ƙididdigar Laifuka ta Ƙungiya ta ba ƙasar maki 8 daga cikin 10 don fataucin mutane, yana mai lura da cewa jami'an jihar suna da hannu sosai wajen aiwatar da wannan laifi.

## Shari'a (2010)
Duk da yake gwamnati ta kasa bincika, gurfanar da shi, ko kuma yanke masa hukunci kan laifukan fataucin mutane a lokacin bayar da rahoto, ta yi ƙoƙari don karfafa ka'idojin shari'ar hana fataucin. A watan Satumbar shekara ta 2009, majalisa dokoki ta zartar da dokar da aka sake fasalin da ke dauke da tanadin yaki da fataucin mutane; an kafa dokar a hukumance a watan Janairun shekara ta 2010. A karkashin Mataki na 151 na sabbin tanadi, hukuncin da aka tsara don fataucin mutane ya kasance daga shekaru biyar zuwa 10 a kurkuku; duk da haka, lokacin da yaro ya sha wahala daga fataucin jima'i ko aiki na tilas kamar bautar, hukuncin shine ɗaurin rai da rai tare da aiki tuƙuru. Wadannan hukunce-hukuncen suna da tsauri sosai kuma sun dace da hukunce-hincen da aka tsara don wasu manyan laifuka, kamar fyade. Mataki na 7 da 8 na Dokar Aiki ta Janairu 2009 sun haramta aikin tilas da kuma ɗaurin aiki kuma sun ba da hukuncin shekaru biyar zuwa 10 a kurkuku. Wadannan tanadi, duk da haka, ba a aiwatar da su sosai ba kuma ba a bincika ko gurfanar da shari'ar da ake zargi da fataucin mutane ba a lokacin bayar da rahoto.

## Karewa (2010)
Gwamnati ta ba da taimako kaɗan ga wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane a lokacin rahoton. Babban karancin albarkatun ya bar jami'an Afirka ta Tsakiya da ke da alhakin aiwatar da ayyukan kariya da yawa. Duk da yake Ma'aikatar Iyalin da Harkokin Jama'a ta ci gaba da aiki da mafaka (Cibiyar Iyaye da Yara) a Bangui don yara da ke cikin matsala, wasu daga cikinsu na iya kasancewa wadanda aka fataucin mutane, mafaka sau da yawa ba ta da sarari don ɗaukar ƙarin abokan ciniki. Gwamnati ba ta kafa tsarin gano wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane a tsakanin mutanen da ke fama da rauni ba, kuma ba su da ikon samar da kudade ko tallafi ga abokan hulɗa na gida ko na kasashen waje don ayyukan da aka ba wadanda abin ya shafa. Gwamnati ta ci gaba da haɗin gwiwa tare da UNICEF da masu aiwatar da shirye-shiryen UNICEF guda biyu don karewar yara sojoji, wasu daga cikinsu sun kasance masu ba da izini ba bisa ka'ida ba. Misali, a lokacin bayar da rahoto, Sous Prefets na Paoua da Bocaranga sun sauƙaƙa sadarwa tsakanin kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na duniya guda biyu da APRD, wanda ya ba da damar ingantaccen demobilization na yara sojoji 623 daga ƙungiyar 'yan tawaye. Wakilin Ma'aikatar Ilimi a Bocaranga ya yi maraba da yaran da aka sallama a cikin makarantar, duk da zargin da ake yi a yankin. A watan Satumbar 2009, Ministan Cikin Gida ya yi tafiya zuwa Paoua, tare da haɗin gwiwar 'yan sanda, kuma ya shawo kan' yan ƙasa na yankin da su ba da damar ci gaba da shirin wata kungiya ta ba da agaji don sake farfado da yara sojoji, gami da waɗanda ba bisa ka'ida ba, daga APRD. A watan Janairun shekara ta 2010, Mataimakin Ministan Tsaro ya ba da umarni ga wani babban jami'in 'yan sanda da ke binciken halin da ake ciki na daukar ma'aikata da amfani da yara sojoji a cikin' yan bindiga masu kare kansu da gwamnati ke tallafawa, tare da kawo karshen aikin nan da nan; ba a san sakamakon wannan binciken ba.

Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta tabbatar da cewa ba a hukunta wadanda aka gano ba saboda ayyukan da ba bisa ka'ida ba da aka aikata sakamakon kai tsaye na fataucin mutane. Ya yi iƙirarin ƙarfafa wadanda abin ya shafa don taimakawa wajen bincike da gurfanar da masu fataucin mutane, da kuma shigar da kara a kansu don lalacewa; waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka ba su bayyana an yi amfani da su ba a lokacin rahoton. Gwamnati ba ta samar da madadin doka don cire wadanda ke fama da cutar kasashen waje zuwa ƙasashe inda suke fuskantar wahala ko fansa, kuma ba ta ba da taimako ga 'yan ƙasa da aka dawo da su a matsayin wadanda ke fama le fataucin mutane.

## Rigakafi (2010)
Gwamnati ta amince da cewa fataucin mutane matsala ce a kasar, kuma ta gudanar da wasu kokarin hana fataucin a lokacin rahoton. Mafi bayyane, jami'ai sun kaddamar da kamfen na wayar da kan jama'a a watan Yunin 2009 don dacewa da Ranar Yara ta Afirka ta shekara-shekara, kodayake akwai iyakantaccen bin diddigin da aka gabatar bayan ranar taron. A watan Janairun shekara ta 2010, Ministan Cikin Gida ya yi magana a rediyo na kasa game da halin da ake ciki na talauci da tsari a kasar, yana mai da hankali kan wasu matsalolin fataucin yara. Kwamitin Inter-Ministerial don Yaki da Cin zarafin Yara, wanda Ministan Shari'a ya dakatar da shi a farkon 2008 har sai an sake duba daftarin Dokar Iyali don tabbatar da cewa dokar ta ba da izinin wanzuwar irin wannan kwamitin, ba a sake kafa shi ba a 2009. Gwamnati ba ta dauki wani mataki don rage bukatar aiki na tilas ko ayyukan jima'i na kasuwanci a cikin shekara ba.

## Bayanan da aka ambata