Ruth Neto

**Maria Ruth da Silva Chela Neto** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1936) tsohuwar mai fafutukar samun 'yancin kai na Angola ce, mai shirya siyasa, kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata. Duk da cewa ta yi karatun aikin jinya a ƙasashen Portugal da Jamus, a shekarar 1968 ta shiga kungiyar Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola, MPLA) kuma ta mai da hankali kan tabbatar da samun 'yancin kai na Angola daga Portugal. Tsoron ramuwar gayya daga  ('Yan sanda na ƙasa da ƙasa da na Jiha, PIDE), ta zauna a ƙasashen waje a Jamus, Tanzaniya da Zambiya har zuwa shekara ta 1975, lokacin da aka sami 'yancin kai. Daga farkon shekarun 1970, ita ce shugabar  (Ƙungiyar Matan Angolan, OMA) kuma ta zama mai gudanarwa na farko na ƙungiyar a cikin shekarar 1976. OMA wata kungiya ce ta kungiyar Mata ta ƙasa da ƙasa  (WIDF) kuma daga shekarar 1976 ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaba a kwamitin zartarwa kuma ta halarci kuma ta yi magana a yawancin tarukan kungiyar da tarukan ƙarawa juna sani a shekaru masu zuwa. A cikin shekarar 1977, an zaɓe ta a cikin Kwamitin Tsakiya na MPLA, kuma an sake zaɓen ta a shekara ta 1985. Lokacin da aka sake fasalin shugabancin OMA a shekarar 1983, ta yi aiki a matsayin babbar sakatariya har zuwa shekara ta 1999. A shekarar 1986, ta zama sakatare-janar na kungiyar mata ta Pan-African Women's Organisation kuma ta riƙe wannan muƙamin har zuwa shekara ta 1997.

An san Neto tare da girmamawa da yawa. Ta sami karramawa mafi girma na Cuba ga mata,  (  ), a cikin shekarar 1985 kuma an karrama ta a matsayin babbar abokin tarayya a cikin Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo na Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 2014. A cikin shekarar 2015, ta zama mace ta farko da ta karɓi lambar yabo ta Ɗan da 'yar Afirka don haɓaka zaman lafiya daga Tarayyar Afirka. An rataye hotonta a hedkwatar kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka a shekarar 2017 tare da wasu mata da ake ganin su ne uwayen kungiyar mata ta Pan-African Women's Organisation. A waccan shekarar, OMA ta ɗauki nauyin girmamawa don girmama hidimarta na shekaru ashirin da ɗaya a matsayin babbar sakatariya na kungiyar, kuma Rádio e Televisão de Portugal (Sabis na Rediyo da Talabijin na Portugal) ya ba da tarihin rayuwarta a cikin shirinta  (*Faces*).

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Maria Ruth Neto a cikin shekarar 1936 a Luanda a cikin Angola ta Portuguese,  a matsayin kanwar Agostinho Neto, wanda zai zama shugaban farko na Angola mai cin gashin kanta.  Mahaifinsu, Agostinho Pedro Neto, wani ministan Methodist ne, wanda ya yi aiki a wata manufa ta Amurka a Luanda,   da mahaifiyarsu, Maria da Silva, malamar makaranta ne.   Neto ta fara karatu ne a Makarantar Mishan da ke Luanda, tare da ƙawarta, Deolinda Rodrigues,  ƙanwar Maria da Silva, waɗanda suka shiga gidan Neto a 1954 don haɓaka karatunta.  A cikin shekarar 1956,  Neto ta sami tallafin karatu don yin karatu a Portugal a  (Seminary na Carcavelos).  Ɗan uwanta Agostinho ya kasance yana da hannu tare da yunkurin 'yan mulkin mallaka tun farkon shekarun 1950 kuma a cikin shekarar 1960 ya zama shugaban Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (Ƙungiyar Jama'a don 'Yancin Angola, MPLA). Wannan ya kai ga kama ta a Portugal da kuma gudun hijira zuwa Cape Verde.  Dangane da mayar da martani, ɗimbin ɗaliban Angola da ke karatu a Portugal a Carcavelos da Lumiar sun taru a wata zanga-zanga a filin jirgin sama na Lisbon a watan Disamba 1960, kuma Majalisar Coci ta Duniya da  ne suka taimaka musu ficewa. (Kwamitin Motsa Jiki na Masu Hijira).  Daga shekara ta 1961, an gwabza yakin 'yancin kai na Angola ta ƙungiyoyin adawa da suka haɗa da  (National Liberation Front of Angola, FNLA) da MPLA, waɗanda  suka haɗu a cikin shekarar 1966 (National Union for the Total Independence of Angola, UNITA), a cikin gwagwarmaya da 'yan mulkin mallaka na Portuguese. 

## Aiki

### Ƙaura (1960-1975)
Neto da angonta sun gudu zuwa Lüdenscheid, kusa da Cologne, Jamus, kuma ta sami aiki a wata masana'anta.  A cikin shekarar 1961, ta sami wasiƙa daga Maria Helena Trovoada, daga baya ta zama uwargidan shugaban ƙasar São Tomé and Principe,  tana roƙon ta da ta yi amfani da lokacinta a wurin don bincika tarurruka masu zuwa da cibiyoyin sadarwar ƙungiyoyin mata na duniya waɗanda matan Angola za su iya shiga.  Tsoron tsanantawa daga  ('Yan sanda na ƙasa da ƙasa da na Jiha, PIDE) Neto ta ji ba za ta iya komawa Angola ba kuma ta koma Frankfurt.  [ Lura 1 ] Bayan ta ɗauki kwasa-kwasan aikin jinya ta koma Freiburg don nazarin nazarin asibiti. A farkon shekara ta 1968, Agostinho ya haɗu da ita a Vienna, Austria, kuma a cikin watan Afrilu Neto ya koma Dar es Salaam tare da iyalinsa. A Tanzaniya, ta yi aiki a ofishin MPLA  kuma ta shiga cikin aikin  (Ƙungiyar Matan Angolan, OMA),  wacce MPLA ta ƙirƙira a cikin watan Disamba 1962 da nufin faɗaɗa ayyukanta a yankunan karkara. Kamar yadda yawancin mata ke zaune a karkara,  ƙungiyar ta tattara matan ƙauye ta hanyar tarurrukan ƙarawa juna sani game da haɓaka haɗin gwiwa da ƙwarewar aiki, kamar yaƙin neman ilimi, ilimin siyasa da kula da yara, da azuzuwan ɗinki.  A cikin shekarar 1971 a Tanzaniya, Neto ta gana da mambobin kwamitin Chicago don 'yantar da Angola, Mozambique da Guinea, da fatan karfafa dangantaka tsakanin OMA da kungiyoyin mata na duniya.  Daga farkon shekarar 1970s, duk da cewa tana zaune a ƙasashen waje, Neto ta jagoranci OMA.  Bayan shekaru da yawa, ta koma ofishin MPLA a Zambiya a yankin iyaka da Angola.  Juyin mulkin Portuguese a cikin watan Afrilu 1974, ya dakatar da aikin sojan Portugal a Angola,  wanda ya kai ga samun 'yancin kai na Angola a ranar 11 ga watan Nuwamba 1975.  An ayyana Agostinho a matsayin shugaban ƙasa a ranar,  kuma Neto ta koma Luanda. 

## Manazarta