Yanayin ƙasar Manila

**Yanayin [[Manila|Birnin Manila]]** yana da alaƙa da matsayinsa na bakin teku a bakin Kogin Pasig wanda ke gudana zuwa Manila Bay. Birnin yana kan tashar jiragen ruwa mai kariya ta halitta, wanda aka dauka a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyawun tashar jiragen sama a Asiya. Rashin wadatar ƙasa yana da gudummawa wanda ya sa Manila ta zama birni mafi yawan jama'a a duniya.

Kusan dukkanin birnin suna zaune a saman ƙarni na ajiyar prehistoric alluvial da aka gina ta Kogin Pasig da kuma wasu ƙasashe da aka dawo da su daga Manila Bay. An canza ƙasar birnin sosai ta hanyar sa hannun ɗan adam, tare da farfado da ƙasa mai yawa a kan iyakar ruwa tun lokacin mulkin mallaka na Amurka. Wasu daga cikin bambance-bambance na halitta a cikin yanayin ƙasa an daidaita su saboda birni na birnin. Manila tana da nisan kilomita 800 (kilomita 1,300) daga yankin Asiya.&nbsp;

Kafin kuma a lokacin Mulkin mallaka na Mutanen Espanya na Philippines, Manila ita ce babban birnin lardin wanda yankinsa a wani lokaci ya rufe kusan dukkanin Luzon, kuma ya haɗa da yankunan zamani na Pampanga, Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, Batangas, Quezon, Mindoro, Masbate da Marinduque. Daga baya, waɗannan yankuna sun zama larduna, suna barin lardin Manila tare da yankin da ya yi daidai da Birnin Manila na yanzu (sai dai Intramuros, babban birnin), da arewa maso yammacin kashi biyu bisa uku na lardin Rizal. Yankin lardin Manila ya tafi daga arewa maso gabas zuwa kudu maso yamma, gami da Antipolo, Cainta, Taytay da Taguig, da dukkan garuRuwa arewa da yammacin su, a lardin Manila; da Angono, Teresa, Morong, da garuruwan kudu da gabashin su, a lardin Laguna. Da farko a tarihin lardin, an canza sunan lardin daga Manila zuwa Lardin Tondo, wanda aka sani da shi ga mafi yawan zamanin Mutanen Espanya.

A cikin kimanin shekara ta 1853, an haɗu da ƙauyuka huɗu ko garuruwa na Lardin Tondo tare da garuruwan arewa maso gabas na lardin Laguna don zama Distrito de los Montes de San Mateo na siyasa-soja, ko Gundumar tsaunin San Mateo.  Lardin Tondo ta mamaye wannan sabuwar gundumar garuruwan Cainta, Taytay, Antipolo da Boso-boso, yayin da Laguna ta ba da gudummawar garuruwan Angono, Binangonan, Cardona, Morong, Baras, Tanay, Pililla da Jalajala.  Amma sunan sabon gundumar ya nuna rashin ƙarfi, tsayin daka, kuma ya ɓatar da mutane da yawa don tunanin garin San Mateo (a lardin Tondo) shine babban birnin gundumar San Mateo, lokacin da a zahiri babban birnin gundumar yake a Morong.  Don haka, a shekara ta 1859, bayan al’adar da aka saba yi a wannan zamani, an canja sunan gundumar zuwa babban birninta;  wato gundumar Morong.  A daidai wannan lokaci, lardin Tondo ya koma lardin Manila.

Lokacin da Mutanen Espanya suka mayar da Philippines ga hannun Amurkawa, an kafa gwamnatin farar hula.  A cikin kusan lokaci guda, Hukumar Philippine ta narkar da lardin Manila, kuma an haɗa pueblos ɗinsa tare da na Gundumar Morong, wanda ya kafa sabon lardin Rizal.  Makonni kadan, sabuwar yarjejeniya ga birnin Manila, da ke bayyana iyakokinta da kuma hade wasu garuruwan Lardin Rizal zuwa gundumominta.  An ɗan sake fasalin waɗannan iyakokin kuma an sake fasalta su a ranar 29 ga Janairu, 1902, lokacin da aka haɗa yankin Gagalangin zuwa gundumar birnin Tondo, kuma tsohuwar pueblo ta Santa Ana ta zama gundumar birni na Manila.  A ranar 30 ga watan Yuli na wannan shekarar ne hukumar birnin ta raba birnin a hukumance zuwa yankuna 13 na siyasa mai suna gundumomi, kuma an bayyana iyakokin kowannensu.  A ranar 15 ga Agusta na wannan shekarar, an haɗa pueblo na Pandacan a matsayin gundumar birni.  Tun daga lokacin iyakoki da gundumomin birnin Manila sun kasance da gaske iri ɗaya.

A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, an ayyana birnin Manila a matsayin birni mai budewa kuma iyakokinta na gudanarwa sun fadada zuwa birane da ƙananan hukumomi. An kira shi **Babban Manila** kuma ya haɗa da gundumomi kamar *Bagumbayan* na nufin Sabon Birni (Kudancin Manila), *Bagumpanahon* na nufin "Sabon Zamanin" (Sampaloc, Quiapo, San Miguel da Santa Cruz), Baghayumbu na nufin "Sabon Rayuwa" (Tondo), *Bagong Diwa* na nufin "New Order" (Binondo & San Nicholas), sabon Birnin Quezon da aka kafa a lokacin ya rushe kuma ya kasu zuwa gundumomi biyu, yayin da kananan hukumomin Cocan, Las Piñas, Malabon, Malaboni, Parayas, San Pasque, Manila, Makati, Matats.

## Koguna da magudanan ruwa

### Kogin Pasig
Kogin Pasig shine babban kogi wanda ke raba birnin zuwa arewa da kudu. Yana gudana daga gabas zuwa yamma, kuma yana haɗa Laguna de Bay zuwa Manila Bay.

### Kogin San Juan
San Juan River (Metro Manila)">Kogin San Juan yana gudana ta arewa maso gabashin mafi yawan birnin a gundumar Santa Mesa . Yana aiki a matsayin iyaka ta halitta tsakanin Manila da biranen San Juan da Mandaluyong. Babban mai ba da gudummawa ne na Kogin Pasig .

## Tsarin Birni

Fayil:Plano_de_Manila_1851.jpg|The *Plano de Manila* in 1851 that shows the layout of the historic walled area of *Intramuros*
Fayil:BurnhamPlanOf-Manila.jpg|The Plan of Manila by Daniel Burnham in 1905 includes the towns and suburbs beyond the Walled City as part of the City of Manila
File:Comprehensive_Land_Use_Plan_of_the_City_of_Manila.JPG|The 2006-2020 Comprehensive Land Use Plan of the City of Manila
File:Existing_Land_Use_Map_of_Manila_2017.jpg|Existing Land Use Map of the City of Manila
Fayil:Ph_map_manila.svg|Map of the City of Manila showing points of interests