open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Harshen Mokole (Benin)

**Harshen Mokole** (ko *Mokollé, Mokwale, Monkole, Féri*) dai yaren Yoruboid ne da ake magana da shi a ƙauyukan da ke kewaye da garin Kandi na ƙasar Benin. Masu magana da shi sannan kuma sun kasance rukuni na mutanen Yoruba waɗanda galibi suna da alaƙa da mutanen Bariba na Benin.

## Manazarta
Harshen Andorra

Harshen tarihi da na hukuma na Andorra shine Catalan, yaren Romance. Saboda ƙaura, alaƙar tarihi, da kusancin yanki, ana magana da Mutanen Espanya da Faransanci. Akwai ƙaƙƙarfan al'umman ƙaura da ke magana da Fotigal. Yawancin mazauna Andorran na iya magana ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin waɗannan, ban da Catalan. Mutanen Espanya shi ne yaren uwa da aka fi amfani da shi a Andorra bisa ga kididdigar yawan harshen uwa da gwamnatin Andorran ta fitar a shekarar 2018. A cikin 2022, Catalan ya zama harshen uwa da aka fi amfani da shi wanda kashi 55.2% na al'ummar Andorran ke amfani da shi.

## Catalan

Catalan shine kawai harshen hukuma na Andorra.Har ila yau, harshe ne na tarihi da na gargajiya na ƙasar da gwamnati, talabijin, rediyo, da sauran kafofin watsa labaru na ƙasa ke amfani da shi kuma shi ne babban harshe na dukan mutanen da ke zaune a yankin Andorran, wanda ya zama kashi 44% na yawan jama'a. Yaren gida shine Northwest Catalan.

A baya-bayan nan ne gwamnatin Andorra ta fara aiwatar da koyo da amfani da yare a cikin ma’aikatan bakin haure a matsayin hanyar yin cikakken amfani da kundin tsarin mulkin kasar tare da shawo kan matsalar mutanen da ke zaune a wata kasa ba tare da sanin yarenta ba. Duk da yawan yawon buɗe ido daga masu magana da Mutanen Espanya daga Spain, duka alamomin jama'a da na sirri a Andorra galibi na yare ɗaya ne a Catalan.

Andorra ita ce kawai ƙasar da Catalan ita ce yaren hukuma kawaikuma ƙasa ɗaya tilo da Catalan ke da matsayi na hukuma a duk yankinta.

## Espanya

Ƙarin bayani: Yaren Mutanen Espanya

Mutanen Espanya shine yare mafi mahimmanci a Andorra bayan Catalan. Shi ne babban harshe na kusan kashi 70% na baƙi na ƙasar Sipaniya. Yawancinsu sun zo ƙasar ne tsakanin 1955 zuwa 1985.

Tun daga wannan lokacin, Mutanen Espanya ya zama yare na biyu da aka fi amfani da shi na yawan jama'ar da ke zaune a cikin ƙasar,  haka kuma shi ne babban harshen sadarwa a tsakanin mutane na harsuna daban-daban, don haka ya haifar da ƙoƙarin gwamnati na baya-bayan nan don inganta yawan amfani da jama'a da na duniya baki ɗaya Catalan.

## Fotigal

A baya akwai ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaura na Portuguese zuwa Andorra; Yawan 'yan kasar Portugal da ke da zama a kasar ya kai kololuwa a cikin 2008, tare da mutane 13,794, wato kashi 16.3% na yawan jama'a.

## Faransanci

Iyakar da ke kusa da Faransa, rage farashin rayuwa ba tare da haraji ba, da damar yin aiki a masana'antar yawon buɗe ido da ke bunƙasa sun haifar da kashi 7% na yawan al'ummar ƙasar 'yan ƙasar Faransa ne, galibi baƙi daga Afirka ta Faransa.Shi ne babban harshen sadarwa kusa da Catalan a Pas de la Casa a kan iyakar Faransa.

Kamar yadda yake da Mutanen Espanya, ana iya koyar da yara a makaranta a cikin yaren Faransanci, idan iyaye suka zaɓa.

## Hanyoyin  haɗi na Waje

* Rahoton Ethnologue na Andorra
* CIA - Littafin Gaskiya na Duniya 
* Departament d'Estadistica
* Tractaments protocul-laris

## Manazarta
Bikin Fina-finai na Duniya Karo na 37 a Durban

An gudanar da bikin fina-finai na ƙasa da ƙasa na Durban karo na 37 daga ranar 16 zuwa 26 ga watan Yuni 2016. Bikin ya haɗa da nunin faifai 150 na fina-finai, shirye-shirye da gajerun fina-finai a wurare daban-daban 15 a Durban. An buɗe bikin tare da farkon duniya na Masu Tafiya wanda ya faru a gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Wani ɓangare na 37th DIFF shine 11th Wavescape Film Festival, wanda ya nuna fina-finai na 21 tare da mayar da hankali kan ayyukan waje.

## Gasa
An zaɓi fina-finai masu zuwa don gasar: 

An zaɓi waɗannan shirye-shirye masu zuwa don gasar: 

## Kyauta
An bayar da kyaututtuka kamar haka:  

* Mafi kyawun Fina-Finan The Violin Player 
* Mafi kyawun Fim na Afirka ta Kudu-Tess
* Mafi kyawun Jagoranci-Ciro Guerra for Embrace Of The Serpent
* Mafi kyawun Chris Lotz for The Endless River
* Mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo-Ciro Guerra da Thoedor Koch-Grunberg don Ciro Guerra for Embrace Of The Serpent
* Mafi kyawun Jarumin-Mohsen Namjoo saboda rawar da ya yi a cikin  Redio Dream
* Mafi kyawun Jaruma - Christia Visser saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin Tess
* Mafi kyawun Gyarawa - Linda Man a Tess
* Jaruntakar Fasaha - Neon Bull na Gabriel Mascaro
* Mafi kyawun Documentary- Martha & Niki
* Mafi kyawun Documentary na Afirka ta Kudu - Masu Tafiya
* Mafi kyawun Gajeren Fim - Ranar Grandma (Dzie'n Babci) na Milosz Sakowski
* Mafi kyawun Gajerun Fim na Afirka - Sabbin Ido Na Hiwot Admasu
* Mafi kyawun Gajeren Fim na Afirka ta Kudu - eKhaya (Gida) na Shubham Mehta
* Kyautar Zabin Masu Sauraro - Nakom na Kelly Daniela Norris da TW Pittman
* Kyautar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Amnesty International - Noma daga Pablo Pinedo Boveda

## Manazarta
Harshen Phera

**Pherá**, wanda kuma ake kira **Xwela**, yare ne na Gbe na ƙasar Benin . Ya samar da wanzuwar yare tare da Yammacin Phla .

## Manazarta
Harsunan tsakiyar Tano

Harsunan **Tano na Tsakiya** ko Akan harsuna ne na dangin Nijar-Congo (ko watakila Harsunan Kwa ) da ake magana a Ghana da Ivory Coast da Mutanen Akan ke magana.

* Akan (Da farko a Ghana) 
* Bia (Da farko a Ivory Coast da Yammacin Ghana) 
** Arewacin Bia
*** Dukkanin
*** Baoulé
*** Chakosi (Anufo) 
*** Sefwi (Sehwi) 
** Kudancin Bia
*** Nzema
*** Ahanta
*** Jwira-Pepesa

Dukansu sun rubuta siffofi a cikin Rubutun Latin.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Harshen Cherepon

**Cherepon** (Chiripon, Chiripong, Kyiripong), ko *Okere*, yare ne na harsunan Guang wanda mutane 111,000 ke magana da shi a Ghana.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Harshen Tchumbuli

**Tchumbuli** yare ne na Guang Wanda mutane kimanin 2,000 zuwa 3,000 ke magana a Benin.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Yaren Dompo

**Dompo** yare ne mai haɗari na Ghana. Masu magana suna canzawa zuwa Nafaanra. Ana magana da shi kusa da babban garin mutanen Nafaanra, wato Banda, Yankin Brong-Ahafo, Ghana. Blench (2015) ya ba da rahoton cewa gidaje 10 ne ke magana da shi.

## Rarrabuwa
Dompo yana da kamanceceniya da yawa tare da Harshen Gonja, amma a cewar Blench (1999) ba ya bayyana yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da shi. Blench ya ba da shawarar hanyoyi uku:

# yare ne na Gonja wanda ya zo ƙarƙashin tasirin waje mai tsanani;
# yare ne mai alaƙa da Guang wanda aka sake shi, galibi daga Gonja;
# Yana daga wasu tushe, kuma an sake shi, galibi daga Gonja.

Babu wani daga cikin sunayen Dompo na tsire-tsire na daji ko dabbobi da ya yi kama da Gonja, yana nuna cewa na ƙarshe shine mafi yiwuwa. Wasu su dabbobi na Dompo suna nuna kamanceceniya da Mpra.

Koyaya, Gueldemann (2018) ya sami haɗin Guang / Gonja ya zama mai yawa:

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Tushen

* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] 1999. *[http://www.ddl.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/projets/clhass/PageWeb/ressources/Isolats/Dompo%20Blench1999%20.pdf Ayyukan filin kwanan nan a Ghana: Rahoto game da Dompo da bayanin kula game da Mpre] * .
* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] 2015. *[http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/Kwa/Dompo%20Wordlist.pdf Harshen Dompo na Tsakiyar Ghana da alakarsa]*.

## Manazarta
Umatilla harshe

Tamalúut ko Imatalamłaamí Sɨ́nwit) iri-iri ne na Kudancin Sahaptin, ɓangare na dangin Sahabti na ƙungiyar Penutian Plateau .  An yi magana da shi a cikin ƙarshen zamani na asali tare da Kogin Columbia don haka ana kiransa Columbia River Sahaptin. A halin yanzu ana magana da shi azaman yaren farko ta wasu dattawa goma sha biyu da wasu manya a cikin Umatilla Reservation a Oregon. Wasu majiyoyi sun ce *Umatilla* ya samo asali ne daga *imatilám-hlama* : *hlama* yana nufin 'masu rayuwa a' ko 'mutanen' kuma ana ci gaba da muhawara game da ma'anar *imatilám*, amma an ce tsibirin ne a cikin kogin Columbia. B. Rigsby da N. Rude sun ambaci ƙauyen *ímatalam* da ke bakin kogin Umatilla kuma inda ake yin yaren.

Umatillas suna furta kalmar *ímatalam* . Ana kiran mutumin Umatilla *imatalamłá* (tare da orthographic ł mai wakiltar IPA /ɬ/ ) kuma ana kiran mutanen Umatilla *imatalamłáma* . Nez Perce yana nufin mutanen Umatilla a matsayin *hiyówatalampoo* . Duba Aoki (1994:171).

## Ƙoƙarin amfani da farfaɗowa
Tun daga 2013, akwai kusan masu magana da yaren farko 50 na Umatilla. Ana koyar da yaren a Makarantar Jama'a ta Nixyaawii. "Akwai malamai shida masu koyar da harshe na cikakken lokaci a cikin CTUIR ( Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyar Umatilla Indian Reservation ) Nixyaawii Community School ya ba da Umatilla, Walla Walla da Nez Perce azuzuwan yaren shekaru goma da suka gabata kuma shirin Cay-Uma-Wa Head Start shine ana haɓakawa don isa ga yara tun suna ƙanana. Akwai kuma albarkatun bidiyo ta yanar gizo da makarantar immersion ta Tamaluut, sabon shirin nutsar da harshe ga yara masu shekaru uku zuwa biyar."   Wíyat'ish Naknúwit "Don gaba" Aikin Harshen, ya horar da masu magana ta hanyar amfani da shirin Jagora-Kyauta.  Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Indiya ta kasance tare da haɗin gwiwar Tamastslikt na Shirin Haɓaka Harshe da Sashen Ilimi.  A cikin 2015, za a ba da umarnin Umatilla a matakin sakandare. Akwai sha'awar daidaita tsarin karatu don Umatilla wanda aka yi amfani da shi cikin nasara ga Okanagan Salish a Makarantar Salish na Spokane. 

An buga ƙamus na Umatilla a cikin 2014 tare da Jami'ar Washington Press. Kamus na rubuta harshen mutanen Umatilla gabas da tsaunukan Cascade a Oregon da Washington. Yin aiki na shekaru da yawa tare da tarin ƙwararrun masana ilimin harshe da masana ilimin ɗan adam da kuma dattijai a kan ajiyar Umatilla, masanin harshe na kabilanci Noel Rude yana da rubuce-rubucen kalmomi, lafuzza, jimloli, da sauran abubuwa na harshen Umatilla. Kamus ɗin ya haɗa da nahawu da bayanan kwatance waɗanda ke sanya harshen Umatilla a cikin mahallin harshe da na tarihi kuma ya tattara duk sanannun kalmominsa, jimloli, da gine-gine. Kamus na Umatilla muhimmin aiki ne ga mutanen Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙasar Indiya na Umatilla, Ƙasar Yakama, da Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Warm Springs kuma yana ƙara haɓaka aikin harshe da kabilu da masana ke yi a kan harsunan da ke cikin haɗari. 

## Fassarar sauti
Rigsby da Rude suna amfani da haruffan fasaha bisa la'akarin sautin muryar Amurkawa don rubuta Umatilla, kodayake akwai wasu ƙa'idodi masu amfani.

### Wasula
Out In Africa South African Gay and Lesbian Film Festival

**Bikin fina-finai na 'yan luwaɗi da madigo na Afirka ta Kudu** (OIA) bikin fina-finai ne na 'yan luwaɗi da madigo da aka ƙaddamar a cikin shekarar 1994 don murnar haɗa, a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Afirka ta Kudu, na dokar da ta haramta nuna wariya a kan yanayin jima'i. Bikin ya tashi ne don magance rashin hangen nesa na 'yan Madigo, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender da Intersex (LGBTI) a cikin rayuwar zamantakewa da al'adun Afirka ta Kudu bayan shekaru da yawa na danniya da wariyar launin fata, don magance munanan hotunan LGBTI da ke mamaye al'ummomin gargajiya da na addini., da kuma zama dandalin tattaunawa da muhawara game da halin da LGBTI ke ciki a sabuwar dimokuradiyya.

Bikin yana gudana kowace shekara a Johannesburg da Cape Town, tare da ƙananan bukukuwan fina-finai na "satellite" a wasu garuruwa a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin wayar da kan jama'a.  

Fina-finai wani lokaci ana bin su ta hanyar tambayoyi da amsa ko tattaunawa bayan an nuna zaɓaɓɓun fina-finai. Bikin yana gudana kusan kwanaki 20 a kowace shekara, a cikin ƙarshen watan Satumba, Oktoba, ko farkon Nuwamba.

Ana nuna fina-finai na cikin gida da na waje da gajerun finafinai, wanda ya bambanta da nau'in wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo da na wasan kwaikwayo. Yawancin fina-finan da aka nuna sun sami lambobin yabo na duniya da yawa. 

## Duba kuma
 

* Jerin abubuwan LGBT
* Jerin bukukuwan fina-finan LGBT

## Manazarta
Harshen Ebrié

Ebrié, ko Cama (Caman, Kyama, TChaman, Tsama, Tyama), mutanen Tchaman ne ke magana da shi a Ivory Coast da Ghana. Harshen Potou ne na reshen Kwa na dangin yarukan Nijar-Congo.

## Fasahar sauti

### Inventory na sauti

[v] da [z] suna da iyaka kuma suna faruwa ne kawai a cikin kalmomin aro.

Babu alamun consonant na hanci a Ebrié.  haka, wasulan hanci suna haifar da jerin sassan lenis [ɓ, ɗ, j, w] don shiga cikin [m, n, ɲ, ŋw].

### Sauti
Ebrié yana da sautunan matakin biyu (H da L) da sautin da ke fadowa (HL).   ila yau, yana da sautunan da ke iyo, kuma sautunan fortis da aka furta suna da halin rage sautin sautin.

## Yanayin Yanayi

### Gabatarwa na farko
Abubuwan da ke cikin suna a cikin Ebrié suna rarrabe tsakanin wasu homophones da kuma tsakanin nau'ikan guda da jam'i.  farko, wannan tsarin zai kasance mafi ƙarfi, kamar yadda aka gani a wasu yarukan Nijar-Congo.

Abubuwan da aka ambata guda huɗu sune á-, à-, ɛ , da ɛ Kennedy-. Biyu na ƙarshe, waɗanda sautin hanci ne, *Sanya* iya gane su a matsayin sautin hansi, wanda aka fassara a matsayin ː́- da ː́́- amma an rubuta su a matsayin  . 

Sunan na biyu a cikin fili yana riƙe da prefix dinsa, kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.

* cámã́ 'Ebriés' + ńcã̀ 'harshe' → cámã́ǹcã̀' 'harshe na Ebrié'
* Bayyanawa da 'wuta' + ńthù 'sand' → ńtɛǹthù 'ash' 

### Sunayen da yawa
Ana iya sanya sunaye a jam'i ta hanyar amfani da prefixes na suna ko suffixes na jam'i. Wasu sunaye  daidai ba ne ko kuma ba su canzawa ba.

Lokacin da sunan mutum ɗaya ya fara da prefix á- ko à-, nau'in jam'iyyarsa zai sami prefix ń- ko NB- bi da bi. Idan sunan mutum ɗaya ba shi da prefix, sau da yawa zai sami prefix ń- a cikin jam'i. Sauran sunaye suna ɗaukar ɗaya daga c ƙididdigar jam'i -má̃, -hɔ́̃, ko -má̃hɔ̀̃ .

* áyá /ájá/ 'itace' → ńyá /ńjá/ 'tace'
* gban /àg͡bã́/ 'farantin' → ngbán /ǹg͡bã́ / 'farantin
* lalabhô [làɓô] 'duck' → ńlalabho [ńlàɓô) 'ducks'
* Uwargidan Uwargwadon
* nmyah [ɔnǹmjã̂hɔ Kennedy] 'maza' 

### Sunayen batutuwa
A cikin Ebrié, ana samun alamun lokaci / fasalin / yanayi a kan aikatau ko a matsayin nau'o'i daban-daban idan batun shine sunan ko wakilci na jam'i. Wakilan batutuwa gu ɗaya sun haɗu da alamun TAM, wanda ke haifar da canje-canje na morphophonemic.

MisaliːHarshen (1SG) + ɓâ (FUT) → mã̀ã́ (1SG.FUT) 

## Rubuce-rubuce
Ebrié yare ne na SVO, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin misali mai zuwa.Ya ce ya fito ne daga Kpakon

Yayo yana **cinyewa.**Gurasar **PROG**

'Yayo yana cin burodi. '

## Rubutun kalmomi

Babban sautin yana da alama tare da babbar murya (ájí 'girmamawa'), kuma ƙananan sautin ba a san shi ba (aji 'layya'). Sautin da ke fadowa yana da alama tare da circumflex (â). 

Ana amfani  apostrophe (') don nuna alamar al'ada ta aikatau.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Harshen Beary

**Beary** ko **Byari** (ಬ್ಯಾರಿ *ബ്യാരി* ) yaren Dravidian ne da Bearys ke magana da shi waɗanda ke cikin al'ummar Musulmi a yankin Tulu Nadu na Kudancin Karnataka da Arewacin Kerala ( Dakshina Kannada, Udupi, da gundumomin Kasargod ). An san al'ummar sau da yawa a matsayin Musulmai Beary ko Beary.  &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup> Harshen Beary an yi shi ne da nahawu na [[Harshen Tulu|Tulu]] da nahawu tare da karin kalmomin [[Malayalam]] . Saboda matsayin ciniki na al'umma, harshen ya sami kalmomin lamuni daga wasu harsunan [[Harshen Tulu|Tulu]], [[Malayalam]], [[Kannada]] da kuma daga tushen Perso-Larabci.  <sup>&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

## Siffofin
Harshen yana amfani da haruffan Larabci da Kannada don rubutu. Kasancewar kani mai nisa na sauran yarukan Malayalam kuma wasu kungiyoyin harsuna ke kewaye da shi tsawon shekaru aru-aru, musamman Tulu, yaren yana nuna tsofaffin siffofi da kuma sabbin abubuwan zamani da ba a gani a wasu sanannun yaruka na Malayalam ba.  Kewaye da yawan masu magana da Tulu, tasirin Tulu akan tsarin phonological, morphological da syntactic na yare ya bayyana. 

### Bambance-bambancen ''ḻ'', ''ṇ'', ''ṟ''
Sauti na musamman ga Malayalam kamar 'ḻ', 'ṇ', 'ṟ' ba a samun su a cikin wannan yare.  'ḷ' da 'ṇ' an haɗa su da l da n, bi da bi.  'ṟ' an haɗe shi da r da tt, ' tt ' zuwa t.  Wannan yayi kama da Tulu. 

### ''v'' > ''b''
Farkon *v* na daidaitaccen Malayalam yayi daidai da farkon *b* a cikin Beary Bashe.  Irin wannan sauyi ya faru a Tulu ma.

# Wasu yaruka.
# Wannan wakiltan baka na sauti ne. A matakin sauti, yakan zama  , wanda ya fi kusa da Tulu da Beary Bashe. Wannan yana faruwa ne saboda ƙa'ida ta yadda baƙaƙen baƙaƙen sauti ne na takwarorinsu da ba a bayyana su ba. Koyaya, wannan ya shafi kalmomin Dravidian na asali ne kawai, kuma kamar yadda *vāṭaka* kalmar lamuni ce ta Sanskrit, ainihin lafazin lafazin daidai yake  .

### Bambancin 'a' da 'e'
Ƙarshen 'a' na daidaitaccen Malayalam yayi daidai da 'e' na ƙarshe a Beary Bashe. 

## Manazarta
Harshen Efutu

**Awutu** yare ne na Guang wanda mutane 180,000 ke magana a bakin tekun Ghana.

Awutu ita ce babbar yaren. Sauran biyu sune Efutu da Senya.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Harshen ku

## Tarihi

"**Harshen Ku**" kuma shine ISO 639-1 Harshe na Harshen Kurdawa.Ku (autonym: ku55) gungu ne na harshen Loloish na kudu maso gabashin Yunnan, ta kasar China. 

## Ire-iren
Akwai nau'ikan Ku guda uku daban-daban.Masu iya magana na kowannensu suna daukar kansu a matsayin kabilu daban-daban. Duk da haka, a hukumance gwamnatin kasar Sin ta sanya su a matsayin kabilar Yi.

# Ku (autonym: ku55) is spoken in Bainitang 白泥塘,Shede Township 舍得彝族乡, Qiubei County, Yunnan Province. They are also locally known as the Bo (Chinese: 僰人; pinyin: Bó rén), and continue to build hanging coffins. The Ku of Bainitang claim that their ancestors had migrated from Yibin, Sichuan.

2. Another variety of Ku (autonym: ku55) in Wujiazhai 五家寨,Shede Township 舍得彝族乡, Qiubei County, Yunnan Province is unintelligible with Ku of Bainitang 白泥塘.

3. Ku of Shidongmen 石洞门, Xijide Village 西基得村, Zhulin Township 珠琳镇, Guangnan County, Yunnan Province

## Manazarta
Yaren Jojiya

Jojin (ქართული ენა, romanized: kartuli ena, lafazin [ˈkʰartʰuli ˈena]) shine yaren Kartvelian mafi yaɗuwa; yana kuma zama harshen adabi ko yare don masu magana da harsunan da ke da alaƙa.Harshen hukuma ne na Jojiya kuma yaren asali ko na farko na kashi 87.6% na yawan jama'arta. Masu magana da shi a yau sun kai kusan miliyan hudu. An rubuta Jojin a cikin haruffa na musamman.

## Rabewa
Babu wata alaƙa da ke da alaƙa tsakanin harsunan Kartvelian da kowane dangin harshe a duniya da aka yarda da su a cikin manyan harsuna. Daga cikin harsunan Kartvelian, Jojin ya fi kusanci da abin da ake kira harsunan Zan (Megrelian da Laz); Nazarin glottochronological ya nuna cewa ya rabu da na ƙarshe kimanin shekaru 2700 da suka wuce. Svan dangi ne na nesa wanda ya rabu da wuri, watakila shekaru 4000 da suka gabata.

## Yaruka
Daidaitaccen Jojiyanci ya dogara ne akan yaren Kartlian.Tsawon ƙarnuka da yawa, ya yi tasiri mai ƙarfi a kan sauran yaruka. Sakamakon haka, dukkansu, gabaɗaya, suna fahimtar juna tare da daidaitaccen Jojin, kuma tare da juna.

## Manazarta
Harshen Dwang

**Dwang** yare ne na Guang na ƙasar Ghana, wanda ake yin fahimta tare da Chumburung .

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje

* ELAR archive of Documentation of fisheries practices among the Dwang
Yaren Eotile

**Eotile**, ko **Beti**, kusan Harshen Tano ne na Ivory Coast. Masu magana suna canzawa zuwa Anyin, tare da sauran masu magana da Eotile da wannan harshe ya rinjayi sosai. Mai magana na ƙarshe na "tsarkakewa" Eotile an ruwaito ya mutu a 1993.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Harshen Tewa

**Tawa** harshen Tanoan ne da wasu mutanen Pueblo ke magana, galibi a cikin kwarin Rio Grande a New Mexico a arewacin Santa Fe, da kuma cikin Arizona . Hakanan ana kiranta da **Tano,**  ko Tée-wah (archaic). Akwai rashin jituwa a tsakanin mutanen Tewa game da ko ya kamata Tewa ya sami rubutaccen fom ko a'a, kamar yadda wasu dattawan Pueblo suka yi imanin cewa ya kamata a kiyaye harshensu ta hanyar al'adar baki kadai. Saboda haka, sai a shekarun 1960 ne aka fara rubuta harshen a karon farko. Duk da haka, yawancin masu magana da Tewa sun yanke shawarar cewa karatun Tewa muhimmin al'amari ne wajen watsar da yaren don haka an ƙirƙiri rubutun ƙira don wannan dalili. 

Harshen ya yi gwagwarmaya don kiyaye tushen magana mai lafiya; duk da haka, saboda ƙoƙarin kiyaye harshen tun daga shekarun 1980 - na masu magana da harshe da na harshe - wannan matsala ba ta kai ga wasu harsuna na asali ba.

Tewa yana da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun jigon waya tare da sautuka daban-daban guda 45. Goma sha biyu daga cikin waxannan wasula ne, masu iya zama ko dai tsayi ko gajere. Tewa, kamar sauran yarukan Tanoan, shima yana amfani da sautunan, wanda yake da guda huɗu.

## Yaruka da amfani
Ƙididdiga ta 1980 ta ƙidaya masu magana 1,298, waɗanda kusan dukkansu suna jin harsuna biyu a Turanci.

A yau, Shirin Harsunan da ke Kashe Kashewa ya ƙiyasta jimillar masu magana 1,500 a duk duniya, tare da 1,200 daga cikinsu a cikin New Mexico pueblos da 300 a ƙauyen Arizona na Hano. Daga cikin waɗannan masu magana, kaɗan ne suka iya ƙware tare da mafi rinjaye kasancewar masu magana ne kawai, kuma a ƴan wurare kawai, kamar Hano, yara ne ke samun Tewa. Mafi girma New Mexico pueblo, San Juan, akwai kawai 30 masu iya magana da ya rage har zuwa 2008. 

* Santa Clara Pueblo : 207 masu magana (1980)
Tun daga 2012, UNESCO ta ayyana Tewa a matsayin "mai hatsarin gaske" a cikin New Mexico. 

A cikin sunayen "Pojoaque" da "Tesuque", ɓangaren da aka rubuta "que" (fari wani abu kamar  in Tewa, ko  a Turanci) shine Tewa don "wuri".

Ana iya rubuta Tewa da rubutun Latin ; Ana amfani da wannan lokaci-lokaci don dalilai kamar alamomi (  '  , ko  '   ). Saboda an ɓullo da tsarin haruffa a cikin mabambantan pueblos, Tewa yana da nau'ikan rubutu iri-iri maimakon daidaitattun haruffa guda ɗaya. 

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan yare na yare na Santa Clara shine amfani da /j/ a cikin kalmomi inda kawai /y/ ake ji a wasu pueblos, kodayake wasu masu magana da Santa Clara suna amfani da /y/ da /j/ a kaikaice. 

Wani muhimmin bambancin yare yana daidaita Santa Clara, Tesuque, da San Ildefonso Tewa da San Juan da Nambe Tewa. Tsohon yana amfani da /d/ a cikin wurare guda ɗaya inda na ƙarshe ke amfani da hanci da /d/. 

A cikin sansanonin kalmomin harafi biyu, kalmomin da ke da gajeriyar /u/ a farkon harafin suna da dogon /u/ a yaren Santa Clara. A cikin yaren Santa Clara, inda sauran pueblos suke da babban sautin wannan harafin, maimakon haka za a sami sautin glide.

## Fassarar sauti
Wayoyin Rio Grande Tewa sune kamar haka:  

### Consonants

## Manazarta
Harshen Esuma

**Esuma** (Essouma) yare ne da ba a san shi ba a cikin reshen harsunan Kwa na iyalin Nijar-Congo, wanda aka taɓa magana a ƙauyukan Assinie (Asini) da Mafia a Ivory Coast. Esuma sun kasance magoya bayan babban birnin Sanwi Krinjabo, kuma sun sauya zuwa harsunan Anyin da Nzima.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Silwerskerm Film Festival

**Bikin Fim na Silwerskerm** (Afrikaans:  Silwerskerm FilmFees), wanda aka fi sani da **Silwerskerm Fees**, bikin fim ne da ake gudanarwa kowace shekara a Camps Bay, Afirka ta Kudu.   Tun daga shekara ta 2010 ne ake gudanar da bikin a duk watan Agusta kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin bukukuwan fina-finan Afirka ɗaya tilo a duniya.

Tare da kusan tikiti 5000 da ake siyar da 6500 a kowace shekara, ana ɗaukarsa azaman bikin fina-finai na Afirkaans. Har zuwa fina-finai 30 ana nuna su a sassa da yawa a cikin nau'ikan fina-finai. Kimanin fina-finai shida ne ke fafatawa don samun lambobin yabo na tsawon lokaci na bikin, kuma kusan gajerun fina-finai goma sha biyar ne ke takara.

## Kyautar Silwerskerm don Mafi kyawun Fim

## Kyautar Silwerskerm don Mafi kyawun Short Film

## Manazarta
Harshen belait

**Belait**, ko **Lemeting**, yaren Malayo-Polynesia ne na Brunei da makwabciyar Malaysia. Mutanen Belait ne ke magana da shi waɗanda galibi ke zaune a gundumar Belait ta Brunei. An kiyasta cewa akwai masu magana 700 a cikin 1995. 

## Rabewa
Belait yana da alaƙa da harsunan Miri, Kiput da Narum na Sarawak. Ana la'akari da shi wani ɓangare na rukunin ƙananan Baram na harsunan Arewa Sarawak. 

## Yaruka
Akwai yaruka huɗu masu fahimtar juna na Belait.  Ana magana da waɗannan a manyan yankuna biyu:

* A kauyukan Kuala Balai da Labi
* A cikin gundumar Kiudang na Tutong

Yaruka daban-daban na Belait - Metting da Bong - ana magana da su a cikin ƙauyen Mungkom, Kiudang.  Akwai ƙananan masu magana da kowane yare.

## Fassarar sauti
Gabaɗaya nassoshi game da phonology na Belait sun haɗa da Martin (1990) akan Metteng Belait   da Noor Alifah Abdullah (1992) akan Labi Belait.   Wannan zane yana dogara ne akan yaren Metteng (Clynes 2005). Sauran yarukan na iya bambanta a cikin phonology da ƙamus.

### Consonants

### Wasula
Meteng Belait yana da wasulan monophthong guda biyar  . Akwai diphthong guda ɗaya  .

Lambar wayar  an fahimta kamar yadda  a cikin kalmomin da ba na ƙarshe ba, kuma kamar yadda  kuma  a cikin kalmomin ƙarshe. 

### Tsarin Harafi
Tushen lexical disyllabic . Kalmomin ƙarshe sune yawanci (C)V((C)C). Wadanda ba na karshe ba yawanci ((C)C)V(C). 

## Nahawu

### Azuzuwan kalmomi
Manyan azuzuwan kalmomi a cikin Belait sune fi'ili da sunaye . Ana iya bambanta azuzuwan biyu ta hanyar rarraba su, tsari da aikinsu. Misali, ana soke fi'ili tare da sigar  and nouns with form  :

## Manazarta
Yaren Gbeya

**Gbeya** (Gbɛ́yá, Gbaya-Bossangoa) yare ne na Gbaya na Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya . Ethnologue  ba da rahoton cewa yana iya zama mai fahimta tare da Bozom.

Suma (Súmā) yare ne iri-iri da ke da alaƙa da Gbeya .

## Fasahar sauti

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

### Sautin sautin

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje

* Abubuwan da aka adana daga Raymond Boyd
Harshen Waci

**Waci** (wanda aka fi sani da *Ouatchi*) yare ne na Gbe na ƙasar Togo da kuma ƙasar Benin . Yana ɗaya daga cikin yaren da ya haɗa da Ewe da Mina wanda kuma aka fi sani da Gɛn . An warwatsa shi a wani yanki da Capo ya sanya shi a matsayin mai magana da Ewe.

## Manazarta

* Capo, Hounkpati B.C. (1988) Renaissance na Gbe (tunanin da ya dace da kuma ginawa akan L'EVE, FON, GEN, AJA, GUN, da sauransu). Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag.
Transforming Stories International Christian Film Festival

**Bikin Fina-Finan Kirista na Duniya** ( **TSICFF** ) Bikin Fina-Finan Kirista ne na shekara-shekara da ake gudanarwa a Afirka ta Kudu.  Humble Pie Entertainment ne ke ɗaukar nauyin bikin.  A cikin shekarar 2010, shekara ta farko na bikin,   an gudanar da bikin bayar da lambar yabo a Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu.   An gudanar da tantancewar a garuruwa daban-daban guda biyar a faɗin ƙasar.  Ƙasashe 18 ne suka gabatar da jimillar fina-finai 108, 12 daga cikinsu an zaɓe su ne a matsayin ‘yan wasan kusa da na karshe inda 5 suka zama ‘yan wasan karshe.   An ba da kyaututtuka don Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin Fim, Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin documentary Fim, da Mafi kyawun Gajerun Fim.   Greg Laurie 's *Lost Boy: The Next Chapter* ya lashe Kyautar Fina-finai mafi Kyau.   A shekarar 2011, ƙasashe 19 ne suka halarci, inda suka gabatar da jimillar fina-finai 190.  Ryley Grunenwald's *The Dawn of a New Day* an kira shi Mafi kyawun Documentary.

## Manazarta
Harshen Buol

## Tarihi
Buol (Bual, Bwo'ol, Bwool, Dia) yaren Austronesia ne da ake magana da shi a arewa maso yammacin Sulawesi, Indonesia.

## Fassarar sauti
Wasulan Buol su ne /a e i o u/.Damuwa tana fadowa a kan maɗaukakin maɗaukaki, tare da jerin irin wasulan da aka ƙidaya azaman maɗaukaki ɗaya.

Bakkunan sune kamar haka:

dʒ/ yana faruwa a cikin lamuni. /h/, /s/, /ʔ/ ana samunsu a cikin lamuni da ƴan ƙananan kalmomi na asali, kamar /buahaŋa/ 'k.o. cricket', /sio/ 'nine', /naʔal/ 'slippers'.

/β/ yana faruwa ne kawai kafin /u/, amma akwai nau'i-nau'i na kusa-ƙananan kamar /βuŋo/ ya'yan itace', /buŋol/ 'leaf'.

/l/ ana kiransa [l] bayan wasali na gaba, kamar yadda a cikin [dila] 'harshe'; [ɽ] idan ba a rigaya ba, amma ana biye da wasali na gaba, kamar yadda yake cikin [aɽe] 'chin'; da [ʎ] sauran wurare. Duk da haka, akwai keɓanta tare da jerin /la, lola, lolo/, inda farkon /l/ ake furta [l], kamar yadda yake cikin /lolo/ [loʎo] 'fuska'.

## Manazarta


## Don ƙarin Karatu

**
Yaren Takelma

**Takelma** / tə ˈkəl mə / shi ne yaren da mutanen Latgawa da Takelma ke magana da ƙungiyar Cow Creek na Upper Umpqua, a cikin Oregon, Amurka. Masanin ilimin harshe na Jamus-Ba-Amurke Edward Sapir ya bayyana yaren da yawa a cikin karatunsa na digiri, *Harshen Takelma na Kudu maso yammacin Oregon* (1912). Nahawun Sapir tare da *Takelma Texts* (1909) sune manyan hanyoyin samun bayanai akan harshe. Dukansu sun dogara ne akan aikin da aka yi a cikin 1906 tare da mai ba da shawara kan harshe Frances Johnson (sunan Takelma Kʷìskʷasá: n),  wanda ya rayu har ya zama mai magana na ƙarshe da ya tsira. A cikin 1934, tare da mutuwarta tana da shekaru 99, harshen ya ɓace. A halin yanzu ana ƙirƙiri ƙamus na Turanci-Takelma bisa tushen bugu da nufin farfado da harshen. 

## Suna
Sunan Ingilishi da aka saba amfani da shi na harshen ya samo asali ne daga Ta:-kɛlm-àʔn, sunan kansa na mutanen Takelma, wanda ke nufin "mazauna kusa da kogin Rogue (Ta:-kɛlám)". 

## Yaruka
Akwai aƙalla yarukan Takelma guda huɗu: 

* Lower Takelma, Sapir's Takelma daidai, ana magana a cikin kwarin Rogue a kudu maso yammacin Oregon
* Babban Takelma ko Latgawa, ana magana tare da babban kogin Rogue a kudu maso yammacin Oregon
* Takelma B, sananne daga ƙamus da WH Barnhardt ya rubuta a cikin 1859
* Takelma H, sananne daga ƙamus da WB Hazen ya rubuta a cikin 1857

An ba da shaida kaɗan ga dukkan yaruka huɗu: 

## Rabewa
Ana karɓar Takelma a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin yare da yawa na Arewacin Amurka . Da yake rubutawa a cikin 1909, Sapir ya bayyana cewa "harshen Takelma yana wakiltar ɗayan nau'ikan nau'ikan harshe na Arewacin Amurka".  Daga baya ya sake duba ra'ayinsa, kuma ya sanya Takelma ga dangin harshen Penutian,  rukunin da a halin yanzu ba a ɗaukan kafa shi ba.  A cikin shekarun da suka wuce, masana harsuna da yawa sun gabatar da shaidun da, a ganinsu, sun danganta Takelma da sauran harsunan "Penutian", musamman harsunan Kalapuyan . Sake nazarin shaidar da Tarpent da Kendall suka yi (1998, ba a buga ba) duk da haka ya nuna cewa kamanceceniya na ƙamus da nahawu tsakanin Takelma da sauran harsuna sun yi kuskure, kuma sun kammala cewa Takelma keɓe ne. 

## Manazarta
Yaren Yom

**Yom**, ko Pilapila, kuma a baya *Kiliŋa* ko *Kilir*, yare ne na Gur na Benin . Ana magana da shi a garin Djougou da kewayen yankin ta Mutanen Yoa-Lokpa. Harshen da ke da alaƙa da juna da ake kira taŋgələm kuma mutanen Taneka suna magana da shi.

## Fasahar sauti
Inda ya bambanta da alamar IPA, ana ba da rubutun al'ada a ƙasa da phoneme.

### Sautin sautin
A cikin rubutun Yom, ana rubuta dogon wasula a matsayin wasula biyu, misali, don .

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

 
 baya an yi amfani da shi maimakon Shaan.   &#x5B;*nbsp;needed*&#x5D;

## Harshen harshe

### Maza da Mata
Ana rarraba sunaye zuwa jinsi ko nau'ikan sunaye wanda za'a iya rarrabe shi ta hanyar wakilin da aka yi amfani da shi don komawa gare su da kuma suffix, wanda gabaɗaya yana da kamanceceniya da wakilin. Idan an canza sunan ta hanyar adjectives, to ma'anar ta bayyana a kan adjectives kuma ba a kan sunan ba. Teburin yana ba da nau'ikan guda ɗaya da jam'i na sunayen da aka yi amfani da su don komawa ga sunan kowane jinsi. Har ila yau, akwai wasu sunayen da ke da wakilin də ko *bə* ba tare da samun nau'in jam'i ba.

### Umurnin kalma
Yom galibi harshe ne na SVO, kodayake tsarin kalmomin SOV yana yiwuwa. Genitives suna gaba da sunaye kuma sassan dangi suna biye. Adjectives, lambobi da masu nunawa suna bin sunan a cikin wannan tsari kuma sun yarda da shi a cikin adadi da jinsi. Za'a iya gabatar da masu jefa kuri'a daban-daban zuwa farkon jumla ta amfani da tsarin mayar da hankali - misali:

* , "Ina cin mango na"
* Ma maaygoŋʊ ra ma ji ra, "Mango ne nake ci"

## Manazarta

### Bayanan littattafai

*  
*
Harshen Nafsan

Harshen **Nafsan**, wanda kuma aka fi sani da **South Efate** ko **Erakor**, yaren Kudancin teku ne da ake magana da shi a tsibirin Efate a tsakiyar Vanuatu .   , akwai kusan masu magana 6,000 da ke zaune a kauyukan bakin teku daga Pango zuwa Eton. Nick Thieberger ya yi nazarin nahawun harshen, wanda ya samar da littafin labarai da ƙamus na harshen. 

## Fassarar sauti
Nafsan tana da jimillar wayoyi guda 20 masu dauke da bak'i 15 da kuma sautunan wasali 5. 

Kamar yadda aka gani a wannan jadawali na sama, lissafin wayan wasali na Nafsan na tsarin wasali biyar ne; wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan ƙirƙirar wasalin da aka fi gani a kowane harshe a duniya kuma musamman ma a bayyane yake a yawancin harsunan Tekun . Akwai bambanci tsakanin gajere da dogayen wasali amma a halin yanzu yana cikin wani tsari na sauyi wanda ba a bayyana matsayinsa ba. 

### Degemination
A cikin Nafsan, ya zama kamar baƙaƙe guda biyu masu kama da juna waɗanda ke faruwa a cikin furci suna yin wani tsari na ƙasƙanci don tabbatar da su azaman baƙaƙe ɗaya. A cikin (1), baƙaƙe guda biyu masu kama da juna /n/ suna haifar da haɗe-haɗe da maƙallan sauti na nuni *ne* 'wannan' zuwa kalmar da ta gabata *nawen ne* [nawene] 'wannan yashi'.
Harshen HD

**Hdi** (Hedi, Xədi, Tur) yaren Afro-Asiya ne na Kamaru da Najeriya.

A Kamaru, ana magana da Hdi ne kawai a ƙauye ɗaya da ke kan iyakar Najeriya, wato Tourou (yankin Mokolo, sashen Mayo-Tsanaga, Yankin Arewa Mai Nisa) ta masu magana 1000. Ana kuma magana da shi a kasar Najeriya. Harsunan Hdi da Mabas suna da alaƙa ta kud da kud, amma harsuna daban-daban. 

## Manazarta
Harshen Tosu

**Yaren Tosu** ( Chinese    ; Mai sarrafa kansa: **  ) yaren Qiangic ne na kasar Sin da ke cike da rudani wanda ke nuna alaka mai karfi ga harsunan Loloish da Tangut, yaren yammacin Xia . Yu (2012) ya rarraba shi a matsayin harshen Ersuic, wanda na reshen Qiangic ne. Babu "kusan babu masu magana da Tosu", ko "a zahiri" babu masu magana da Ersu da suka rage. 

Kusan mutanen Tosu 2,000 suna zaune a gundumar Miǎnníng da ƙauyukan da ke kewaye da ita, da kuma a cikin wasu garuruwa shida na wannan gundumar, wato Hòushān (后山), Fùxīng (复兴), Huì'ān (惠安), Hāhā (哈哈), Línl. (林里), da garin Shabā (沙坝镇).  Chirkova (2014) ya ruwaito cewa fiye da mutane 9 ne ke magana da shi, duk a cikin shekaru saba'in da tamanin.

## Manazarta

## Littafi Mai Tsarki
  

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Rumbun ELAR na kayan takaddun harshe na Duoxu
Harshen Godié

**Yaren Godié yaren** Kru ne da mutanen Godié ke magana da shi a kudu maso yamma da tsakiyar yammacin Ivory Coast . Yana ɗaya daga cikin yare na harshen Bété, A cikin 1993, harshen yana da masu magana da asali 26,400.

## Rubutu
Rubutun Godié ya dogara ne akan ƙa'idodin Yarjejeniyoyi na Orthographic don Harsunan Ivory Coast wanda *Institut de linguistique appliquée* (ILA) na Jami'ar Félix Houphouët-Boigny ta kirkira.  Wannan al'ada ya yi bita. 

Ana nuna sautin tare da rafke don babban sautin da alamar ragi don ƙaramar sautin kafin silar.

## Magana

## Adabin harshe

* Marisese, Lynell. "Akan rawar sharadi a cikin maganganun Godie." *Haɗin kai da ƙasa a cikin Magana* (1987): 263-280.
* Marisese, Lynell. "Ƙarƙashin magana a matsayin batutuwa a cikin Godie." *Nazari a cikin Harsunan Afirka*, Ƙari na 7 (1977): 157-164.
* Marisese, Lynell. "Tsarin bidi'a a cikin dangin harshen Kru." *Nazarin ilimin harsuna na Afirka* 15, a'a. 2 (1984): shekara ta 189.
Harshen Hu

Hu ( Sinanci: 户语; pinyin: Hùyǔ), kuma Angku ko Kon Keu, yaren Palaungic ne na lardin Xishuangbanna Dai mai cin gashin kansa, Yunnan, China. Masu magana da ita ƴan tsirarun ƙabilanci ne da ba a tantance su ba; Gwamnatin ƙasar Sin tana la'akari da Angku a matsayin 'yan kabilar Bulang, amma harshen Angku ba ya fahimtar harshen Bulang.

## Rarrabawa
A bayanin Li (2006:340), akwai mutane 1,000 masu amfani da wannan harshe suna zaune a gangaren "Kongge" wanda dutse ne ("控格山")a kauyen na Huipa  (纳回帕村), da birnin Mengyang (勐养镇), da Jinghong (景洪市,birni mai matakin gundumomi. Masu magana da harshen Hu suna kiran kansu da xuʔ55, kuma mutanen garin Dai suna kiransu da "baƙar fata" (黑人), da kuma xɔn55 kɤt35, ma'ana 'rai masu tsira'. Ana kuma san su a gida kamar mutanen Kunge (昆格人) ko mutanen Kongge (控格人).

## Manazarta
Lere Paimo

**Lere Paimo** Listeni, OFR (an haife shi a ranar 19 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1939) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na fim na Najeriya, mai shirya fina-finai, furodusa da kuma darektan. 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Cif Lere Paimo, MFR a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba, 1939, a Ile Ikoyi Odan, Osupa, Ogbomosho, wani birni a Jihar Oyo kudu maso yammacin Najeriya.  Mahaifinsa manomi ne na taba da yam, shugaban kungiyar manoma ta yankin. Mahaifiyarsa 'yar kasuwa ce. An tura Cif Lere Paimo zuwa makarantar firamare a Ogbomoso, amma daga nan ya tafi Gold Coast inda ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Gold Coast (a halin yanzu Ghana) har zuwa kwalejin horar da malamai inda ya sami takardar shaidar Malami ta biyu. Daga bisani ya koma Najeriya kuma ya yanke shawarar zama a Osogbo inda ya yi aiki a matsayin malami a makarantar Baptist Missionary School.

## Ayyuka
fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a shekara ta 1958 bayan ya shiga ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Oyin Adejobi, ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo da Pa Oyinade Adejobi ya kafa kafin daga baya ya shiga ƙungiyar gidan wasan kwaikwayo ta Duro Ladipo inda ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo mai taken Obamoro tare da rawar "Chief B asa".Ya zama sananne bayan rawar da Soun Ogunola ya taka a fim din Yoruba mai suna Thtled Ogbori Elemosho wanda ya kawo shi cikin haske. fito, ya samar kuma ya jagoranci fina-finai da yawa na Najeriya tun lokacin da ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a 1963.A shekara ta 2005, don nuna godiya ga iminsa A cikin shekara ta 1960, yayin da yake aiki a matsayin malami a Osogbo, ya yanke shawarar shiga ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Oyin Adejobi, ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo da Pa Oyinade Adejobi ya kafa wacce kungiya ce da ke yin wasan kwaikwayo ga majami'u, makarantu, da kungiyoyin al'adu da zamantakewa. Bayan shekara guda a cikin kimanin 1961, Duro Ladipo ya gayyace shi zuwa Mbari Club, cibiyar al'adu da Ulli Beier ya kafa don shiga cikin samar da fasaha. Yana da sha'awar zane da kuma wasan kwaikwayo, don haka ya yarda da gayyatar.

Tun daga farko, an san kwarewar Lere Paimo a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo kuma an ba shi manyan matsayi. A Eda, wani Yoruba version of Ev ya buga Everyman da kansa, sosai abin tunawa har zuwa yau laƙabi ya kasance Eda Onile ola. Yayinda yake tare da Duro Ladipo, ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo mai suna Obamoro tare da rawar "Chief Basa". , babban gudummawa ga masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya, an ba shi lambar yabo ta kasa ta memba na Jamhuriyar Tarayya tare da Zeb Ejiro daga Olusegun Obasanjo tsohon Shugaban Jamhuriwar Tarayyar Najeriya.  watan Mayu na shekara ta 2013, an ruwaito cewa yana da wani bugun jini, harin da ya tsira. watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2014, ya lashe kyautar kudi 1000,000 a wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya, Who Wants to be a MIllionaire . 

## Kyaututtuka

* Dokar Jamhuriyar Tarayya (2005) 

## Manazarta
Yaren Shawiya

**Shawiya**, ko **Shawiya Berber**, wanda kuma ake kira **Chaouïa** (nau'in asali: *Tacawit* [θæʃæwiθ]), yare ne na Zenati Berber da Mutanen Shawiya ke magana a Aljeriya. Yankin magana na farko na yaren shine Dutsen Awras a Gabashin Aljeriya da yankunan da ke kewaye da shi, gami da sassa na Yammacin Tunisiya, gami na Batna, Khenchela, Setif, Oum El Bouaghi, Souk Ahras, Tébessa da arewacin Biskra. Yana da alaƙa da Harshen Shenwa na Aljeriya ta Tsakiya.

## Language
The Shawiya people call their language *Tacawit* (*Thashawith*) ( or ). Estimates of number of speakers range from 1.4 to 3 million speakers.

The French spelling of *Chaouïa* is commonly seen, due to the influence of French conventions on Algeria. Other spellings are "Chaoui", "Shawia", "Tachawit", "Thachawith", "Tachaouith" and "Thchèwith". In Shawiya, the leading  – pronounced  in that phonetic environment – is often reduced to an , so the native name is often heard as *Hašawiθ*. 

## Manazarta
Yaren Yagua

**Yagua** /ˈjɑːɡwɑː/  yaren Yagua ana magana da shi da farko a arewa maso gabashin Peru ta Mutanen Yagua. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2005, ya bayyana cewa 'yan masu magana sun yi ƙaura a kan iyakar Peruvian-Colombian kusa da garin Leticia. Kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yawan jama'a suna magana da harshe ɗaya, kuma Yagua shine harshen koyarwa a makarantun firamare na gida.

## Sunan
An rubuta sunan *Yagua, Yawa, Yahua, Llagua, Yava, Yegua*. Sun kuma tafi da *Nijyamïï Nikyejaada* .

## Haɗin kwayoyin halitta
Harshen Yagua reshe ne na dangin yaren Peba-Yaguan .

## Yanayin zamantakewa da harshe
A ƙarshen karni na 20, akwai kusan masu magana da yaren 6,000. A wannan lokacin, yawancin mutanen Yagua suna da harsuna biyu a cikin Mutanen Espanya da yaren Yagua. Wasu 'yan al'ummomi masu nisa har yanzu suna da yare ɗaya, kuma yara suna koyon yaren, kodayake aƙalla a wasu al'ummomin akwai matsin iyaye ga yara suyi magana da Mutanen Espanya kawai. Wasu kabilun Yaguas suna da yare ɗaya a cikin Mutanen Espanya.

Akwai wasu digiri na semilingualism tsakanin wasu matan Yagua waɗanda al'adunsu suka shiga cikin al'adun Peruvian, ba su da umarni na asali na ko dai Mutanen Espanya ko Yagua. Sun bambanta da wasu kungiyoyi uku na Yagua: 1) tsofaffin mata waɗanda ke magana da Yagua sosai tare da wasu digiri na Mutanen Espanya, 2) Yaguas marasa amfani, da 3) maza, waɗanda duk suna magana da Yaguagu tare da digiri daban-daban na Mutanenaniya. Wa matasan mata ana magana da su ne da farko a Yagua, amma suna amsawa a cikin Mutanen Espanya mai sauƙi.

## Fasahar sauti
Yagua tana da wasula 6 da ƙwayoyin 11, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin ginshiƙi da ke ƙasa.  (Alamu na orthographic a bold, IPA dabi'u a cikin murabba'in murabba'i.) 

### Sautin sautin

## Manazarta
Jadesola Osiberu

**desola Osiberu** marubuciya ce ta Najeriya, darakta kuma producer kuma wacce ta kafa Greoh Studios.  An san ta da Isoken shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha bakwai (2017), Sugar Rush shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha tara (2019), Brotherhood shekarar alif dubu biyu da ashirin da biyu (2022) da Gangs na Legas, ainihin fim ɗin Najeriya na farko da aka shirya don yawo shi kaɗai akan Amazon Prime Video.  A cikin Satumba, shekarar alif dubu biyu da ashirin da biyu 2022, Osiberu's Greoh Studios ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru uku tare da Amazon don haɓakawa da samar da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na asali da kuma fasalin fina-finai.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haife shi a cikin dangin sarauta a shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da biyar 1985, mahaifin Osiberu, Oba Adewale Osiberu shi ne *Elepe na Epe Sagamu* .  Osiberu  sami karatun sakandare a Ibadan, kafin ta sami digiri na Injiniyan Kwamfuta daga Jami'ar Manchester.  ila yau, tsohuwar Jami'ar Pan-Atlantic ce, inda ta yi karatun Media da Sadarwa.

## Ayyuka
Duk  aiki na sana'a a matsayin Mai haɓaka software bayan kammala karatunsa, Osiberu ya yanke shawarar canza aiki zuwa yin fim.  bikin Watan Tarihin Mata, Pulse ya haɗa ta cikin jerin mata goma da ke yin raƙuman ruwa ta hanyar haɓaka abun ciki a masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya.  Osiberu  fara kamfanin samar da ita, Tribe85 Productions a cikin shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha bakwai  2017 tare da manufar "bayyana labarun Afirka ga masu sauraro na duniya".lokacin wata hira da BellaNaija, mai tambayoyin ya yaba da ɗabi'ar aikinta, mai da hankali ga daki-daki da ƙwarewar ƙira.

A cikin shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha bakwai 2017, Osiberu ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarnin *[[Isokin|Isoken]]*, fim game da ƙalubalen da wata ƙwararriyar mata da ba ta yi aure ba ta fuskanta a cikin matsin lamba daga iyali, da kuma dangantakar soyayya tsakanin launin fata a cikin yanayin Najeriya na zamani. Don rawar da ta taka a matsayin darakta, ta lashe kyautar darakta mafi kyau a shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha takwas 2018 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards kuma ta sami lambar yabo ta Afirka Movie Academy don gabatarwa mafi kyawun darakta. 

Fim din kuma shine batun tattaunawar masana tare  halin da ake ciki tare da halaye na mata. 'adun Custodian sun nuna yadda aka kafa taken fim din don yaki da misogyny a cikin al'ummar Najeriya.

## Hotunan fina-finai

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Osiberu ta yi bikin aurenta a ranar 11 ga Mayu, 2019 a Sagamu, Jihar Ogun . 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya
* Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya

## Manazarta
Yaren Sukuma

**Sukuma** yare ne na Bantu na Tanzania, ana magana da shi a yankin kudu maso gabashin Tafkin Victoria tsakanin Mwanza, Shinyanga, da Tafkin Eyasi . 

Rubutun sa yana amfani da Rubutun Roman ba tare da haruffa na musamman ba, wanda yayi kama da wanda aka yi amfani da shi don Swahili, kuma an yi amfani da ita don fassarorin Littafi Mai-Tsarki  da kuma a cikin wallafe-wallafen addini. 

 (*KɪmunaSukuma* a yamma, GɪmunaNtuzu / GɪnaNtuzu a arewa maso gabas, da Jìnàkɪ̀ɪ̀yâ / JimunaKɪɪyâ a kudu maso gabas) suna da sauƙin fahimtar juna.

## Fasahar sauti
Akwai halaye bakwai na wasali, waɗanda ke faruwa da tsawo da gajeren lokaci: 

, wanda aka rubuta shi, na iya zama kusa da [e o],  na iya zama kusanci da [ɛ ɔ].

Sukuma ya wuce ta Dokar Dahl (ɪdàtʊ́ 'uku', daga Proto-Bantu *-tatʊ*) kuma yana da ƙwayoyin hanci marasa murya.

## Manazarta
Chinny Onwugbenu

**Chinny Onwugbenu** // ni mai shirya fina-finai ne Na Najeriya wanda aka fi sani da samar da Road to Yesterday da kuma samar da Lionheart .    co-kafa The Entertainment Network (TEN), kamfanin samar da fina-finai a Najeriya.

## Ilimi
Chinny ta halarci Jami'ar Jihar Pennsylvania kuma ta kammala karatu tare da digiri a fannin Tattalin Arziki a shekara ta 2006. A shekara ta 2010, ta sami MBA daga Makarantar Gudanarwa ta UCLA Anderson .

## Sana'a
A cikin 2015, Chinny ya hada kai da Road to Yesterday,   kuma ya samar da Netflix ya sami Lionheart a cikin 2018.  ila yau, ita ce co-kafa *Cibiyar Nishaɗi (TEN) * tare da Genevieve Nnaji, kamfanin samar da fina-finai a Najeriya.

## Kyaututtuka da karbuwa

* Mafi kyawun fim (Yammacin Afirka) a 2016 AMVCA - Hanyar zuwa jiya (fim) 

## Manazarta
Yaren Teso

Teso (an haife shi Ateso) yare ne na Gabashin Nilotic wanda Mutanen Teso na Uganda da Kenya ke magana kuma wasu masu magana suna Sudan ta Kudu.  daga cikin yaren Teso-Turkana.

Dangane da ƙididdigar yawan Jama'ar Uganda da gidaje na shekarar 2002, sama da mutane miliyan 1.57 a Uganda (kashi 6.7 na yawan mutanen Uganda)  suna magana da Ateso. Har ila yau, kimanin mutane 279,000 a Kenya suna magana da yaren.  SIL ita ce TEO.

Ana magana da Ateso a Yankin Teso . Ateso kuma an san shi da Bakedi, Bakidi, Elgumi, Etossio, Ikumama, Iteso, Teso ko Wamia. Yana da alaƙa da Turkana da Karamojong .

## Harshen haruffa
Akwai haruffa 22 a cikin haruffa na Ateso  **F,H,Q,V,H,X** da **Z** ba a amfani da su ba kuma an kara **ŋ** da **NY**. **F,H,Q,V,H,X,Z** sun bayyana ne kawai a cikin kalmomin aro. Jagoran furcin da ke biyowa don aiki ne kawai; ana iya koyon sautunan da suka dace ne kawai ta hanyar aiki daga malami ko kafofin watsa labarai.

Akwai was**U** biyar a cikin Ateso **A, **E, I, O**, U.** Wadannan haruffa biyar, duk da haka, suna wakiltar fiye da sautin biyar, don haruffa E, I، O da U suna da dabi'u biyu kowannensu; darajar "kusa" da darajar "buɗe".

Ana kiran wasula na kusa kamar haka:

: **E** [e] kamar yadda yake a beg (Faransa é): aipet----- don kifar*don farawa*
:  [i] kamar yadda yake a wurin zama: **taimako**----- *don bugawa*
: **** [o] kamar yadda yake a cikin furcin ƙashi na Scotland (Faransa eau): **aimor**----- *don zagi*, *don cin zarafi*
:  [u] kamar yadda yake cikin wauta: **aikut**----- don goge ƙasa, don kwashe wani abu*don cire ƙasa, don cire wani abu*

## Manazarta