Helga Hörz

**Helga Hörz** (an haife ta **Helga Ivrtowski**, 27 ga Yuli 1935) masaniyar falsafar Marxist ce ta Jamus kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata.  Kafin 1990, malamar jami'a ce a fannin ɗabi'a a Sashen Falsafa a Jami'ar Humboldt da ke (Gabashin) Berlin .  An shawo kanta ta yi ritaya saboda dalilai na lafiya a watan Oktoba 1990,  amma a cewar wani marubuci mai taken ƙasa da shekaru ashirin bayan haka, wannan ya sa ta "kasala, amma ba a rufe ta ba" ( *"Abgewickelt, aber nicht mundtot"* ). 

### Asalin iyali da shekarun farko
An haifi Helga Erika Ivrtowski, ƙarama a cikin 'ya'yan Paul da Maria Ivrtowski guda biyu, a Danzig .  Mahaifinta yana aiki a tashar jiragen ruwa a matsayin mai sarrafa crane.  Shi ma mai fafutukar adawa da gwamnati ne, kuma ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyar da aka kama a 1938  (ko 1939) aka tsare shi saboda "ayyukan adawa da farkisanci" (a cikin kalmar da majiyoyin Gabashin Jamus suka amince da ita). An gurfanar da waɗanda aka tsare a gaban kotu a kotun mutane ta musamman da ke Berlin a 1940. An yanke wa membobin ƙungiyar huɗu hukuncin kisa. An yanke wa Paul Ivrtowski hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai kuma ya shafe shekarun yaƙi a sansanonin yaƙi da ke Dachau, daga baya kuma, Mauthausen, inda sojojin Amurka suka sake shi a watan Mayu 1945.  An bar mahaifiyarta ta renon 'ya'yansu mata a lokacin yaƙi na Danzig inda a 1942 ta fara makaranta.  An kama ta a lokacin tsarkakewar kabilanci na 1944/45, Maria Ivertowski da 'ya'yanta mata sun sha wahala wajen zuwa yamma, inda suka ƙare a Nauen, wani ɗan nisa kaɗan daga yammacin Berlin, kuma bayan watan Mayu na 1945 a yankin Jamus, yankin da Soviet ta mamaye ya kasance yankin da aka mamaye. A nan ne aka sake haɗuwa da iyalinsu, kodayake auren Paul da Maria Ivertowski daga baya ya ƙare da saki. 

### Ƙarin ilimi da aure
Ta girma ta kammala karatunta a Nauen . A watan Oktoban 1949, yankin mamayar Soviet ya sake buɗewa yayin da Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyya ta Jamus (Gabashin Jamus) ta ɗauki nauyin Soviet. Bayan kammala jarrabawar ƙarshe ta makarantarta ( Abitur ) ta buɗe hanyar zuwa ilimin jami'a, kuma ta ci gaba zuwa Jami'ar Humboldt (HUB) da ke Berlin inda ta yi karatun Falsafa, Ɗabi'a da Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam . [1] A shekarar 1954, har yanzu tana da shekaru 19 kacal, ta auri ɗalibiyar falsafa Herbert Hörz [de] . [1] Auren zai haifi 'ya'ya uku da aka yi rikodin su da jikoki bakwai (Fabrairu 2010). [1]

### Kwalban haske da dawowar jami'a
Bayan kammala karatun digirinta na farko, ta fara aiki a matsayin jami'in ƙungiyar ƙwadago (sakatare na uku na fafutuka da farfaganda) a aikin matasa yayin da take aiki tsakanin 1957 da 1959, a cikin babban kamfanin samar da kwan fitila na "Narva" (kamar yadda kamfanin zai zama sananne daga baya) a Gabashin Berlin.  Majiyoyi sun nuna cewa da ta fi son, kamar yadda mijinta ya yi, ta ci gaba da aikinta na ilimi, amma - duk da goyon bayan mijinta - a matsayinta na sabuwar mace mai aure mai ƙananan yara, wannan damar ba ta buɗe ba ko da a Gabashin Jamus inda, saboda dalilai na tattalin arziki da na al'umma, shigar mata cikin ma'aikata gabaɗaya ya fi na Yammacin Jamus.   Kamfanin samar da kwan fitila yana da 'yan matakai kaɗan daga kan iyakar (a wannan matakin har yanzu yana da ramuka) da Yammacin Berlin . A matsayinta na mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ƙwadago a cikin kamfanin, ta yi yaƙin neman zaɓe mai ƙarfi, duka a kan ƙuntatawa mara iyaka na tsarin mulki kan yadda ma'aikata za su iya amfana daga damar tattalin arziki da ke tattare da wannan iyaka, da kuma yaƙi da wariyar jinsi a wurin aiki.  Daga nan ta yi aiki kuma a shekarar 1959/60 a matsayin mataimakiyar koyarwa a Kwalejin Tattalin Arziki ta "Bruno Leuschner" da ke Berlin-Karlshorst, wanda ya ba ta damar ɗaukar hanyar ilimi don nazarin matsayin zamantakewa na mata. A farkon shekarun 1960, ta sami damar, a matsayinta na ɗaliba ta gaba da digiri, ta sake komawa ga hulɗarta da Humboldt . 

Ta sami digirin digirgir, wanda  ya kula da ita., a cikin 1965. Kundin karatunta yana da taken "Wasu matsalolin falsafa-da'a wajen *kayyade matsayin mata a cikin al'umma da kuma aiwatar da hakkoki daidai gwargwado."*  Daga baya aka buga shi azaman littafi, tare da taken snappier "Mace a matsayin mutum" ( *"Die Frau als Persönlichkeit"* ).  An yarda da littafin a hukumance, amma an yi watsi da shi sosai.  Tsakanin 1965 zuwa 1969 ta yi aiki a matsayin mai girmamawa (watau ba a biya ba) na Hukumar Mata kan Binciken Ƙungiyar Kwadago a Humboldt .  Gyaranta (mafi girman cancanta) ya biyo baya a cikin 1974, ya kafa ta kan hanya don aikin ilimi. Taken aikinta a wannan karon shi ne "Personality, A'a, da Ilimin Da'a" ( *"Persönlichkeit, Moral und sittliche Erziehung"* ).

## Manazarta