Amos Sawyer

Amos Claudius Sawyer (15 Yuni 1945 - 16 Fabrairu 2022) ɗan siyasan Laberiya ne kuma malami wanda ya zama shugaban riƙon ƙwarya na Laberiya daga 22 Nuwamba 1990 zuwa 7 Maris 1994. Shugabanni 35 da ke wakiltar jam'iyyun siyasa bakwai da ƙungiyoyi goma sha ɗaya ne suka zabe shi.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Amos Claudius Sawyer a 1945 zuwa Habila da Sarah Sawyer; 'yan uwansa sun hada da Joe Sawyer. Sawyers sun kasance fitattun dangi a gundumar Sinoe, tare da kakannin Ba-Amurke ƴancin da suka zo a matsayin 'yan mulkin mallaka zuwa abin da ake kira "Maryland a Afirka", wanda Maryland Colonization Society ta kafa. Ƙasar ta zama mai cin gashin kanta a matsayin Jamhuriyar Maryland kafin ta shiga Laberiya a 1857. 

Sawyer ya sami ilimi a makarantun gida kuma ya kammala karatun digiri na 1966 a Kwalejin Laberiya (yanzu Jami'ar Laberiya). Ya yi tafiya zuwa Amurka don aikin digiri, inda ya sami M.A. da Ph.D. Digiri a Kimiyyar Siyasa daga Jami'ar Arewa maso Yamma a cikin Babban Birnin Chicago, Illinois 

Bayan dawowarsa, Dr. Sawyer yayi aiki a matsayin malami, amma kuma ya zama dan gwagwarmaya da siyasa. Ya yi takarar neman mukamin magajin garin Monrovia, babban birnin kasar, a matsayin mai zaman kansa maimakon a cikin jam'iyyar True Whig Party. Wannan na ƙarshe ya mamaye ƙasar sama da shekaru 100.

Bayan juyin mulkin shekarar 1980, Sawyer ya koma karatu na dan wani lokaci, inda ya rike mukamin farfesa a fannin kimiyyar siyasa a jami'ar Laberiya. A cikin watan Disamba na 1980, an nada shi shugaban kwalejin ilimin zamantakewa kuma darakta mai riko na jami'a.

Ya kasance memba wanda ya kafa kungiyar Movement for Justice in Africa (MOJA) kuma a shekarar 1983 ya kafa jam'iyyar Laberiya. A cikin lokacin da aka sace (da kuma kisan kai na ƙarshe) na Shugaba Samuel Doe, daga 9 ga Satumba 1990 har zuwa 22 ga Nuwamba 1990, babban ɗan gwagwarmaya Prince Johnson da abokin haɗin gwiwa Charles Taylor duk sun yi iƙirarin kan shugabancin. A karshen watan Agusta an gudanar da wani taron gaggawa a Gambiya tare da tawagar 'yan Liberiya 35 da ke wakiltar jam'iyyun siyasa bakwai da kungiyoyi goma sha daya. Sun zabi Sawyer a matsayin shugaban riko da Bishop Roland Diggs a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa, don kafa gwamnati.

A cikin 1992, Sawyer ya rubuta The Emergence of Autocracy in Laberiya: Tragedy and Challenge, a cikin wannan littafi, ya kwatanta yadda mulkin kama-karya ya tashi daga al'adar ikon uba, tare da gata na gudanarwa ba tare da gajiyawa ba tare da tarawa a mallakin shugabanni masu ci gaba. Wannan misali na azzalumi, wanda shi kansa ba zalunci ba, ya ƙare a mulkin zalunci na soja.

Irin wadannan shugabannin sun tsawaita wa’adin shekara guda na Sawyer na tsawon shekaru hudu a lokacin yakin basasar da aka gwabza da ‘yan tawaye karkashin jagorancin Taylor, Johnson, da David Nimley. A cikin 1994, Sawyer ya tilasta wa yin murabus a matsayin wani bangare na shirin samar da zaman lafiya, sannan kuma ba shugaban kasa ba ne ke rike da mukamin shugaban kasar Laberiya ba, amma shugabannin majalisar dokoki. Fada ya sake barkewa a shekarar 1996, kuma ya ci gaba a lokacin shugabancin Charles Taylor daga 1997 zuwa 2003.

Sawyer ya koma Amurka na wani lokaci, an gayyace shi don yin aiki a matsayin mataimakin darekta kuma masanin bincike a Taron Bita a Ka'idar Siyasa da Nazarin Siyasa a Sashen Kimiyyar Siyasa a Jami'ar Indiana da ke Bloomington, Indiana.

Sawyer ya kasance shugaban hukumar gyara harkokin mulki a kasar Laberiya, wadda a baya-bayan nan ta zama hukumar gudanarwa. Littafinsa mai suna Beyond Plunder: Toward Democracy Governance in Laberiya (2005), ya binciko ci gaban dimokuradiyyar jam’iyyu da yawa a kasar. Ya goyi bayan Ellen Johnson Sirleaf a zabukan Oktoba 2005 da 2011.

## Rayuwa da mutuwarsa
Sawyer ya mutu a Asibitin Johns Hopkins da ke Baltimore, Maryland, a ranar 16 ga Fabrairu, 2022, yana da shekaru 76. 

## Kyauta da girmamawa

* An ba Sawyer kyautar Gusi Peace a shekarar 2011.

## Bayanan da aka ambata