Sojojin 'Yancin Jama'ar Azanian

Mutanen Azanian Liberation Army (**APLA**), wanda aka fi sani da **Poqo**,    shi ne reshen soja na Pan Africanist Congress, ƙungiyar 'yan kasa ta Afirka a Afirka ta Kudu. A cikin Harshen Xhosa, kalmar 'Poqo' tana nufin 'tsarkake'.

Bayan hare-hare da kisan gillar iyalai masu yawa daga baya gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu da Amurka suka sanya APLA a matsayin Kungiyar ta'addanci, kuma an dakatar da ita.

An rushe APLA kuma an haɗa shi cikin Sojojin Tsaro na Afirka ta Kudu (SANDF) a watan Yunin 1994. 

## Magana
A cikin 1968 "Azanian People's Liberation Army" (ko APLA) ya maye gurbin tsohon sunan "Poqo", wanda ke nufin tsarki a cikin Xhosa, yaren Afirka ta Kudu na gida, a matsayin reshe mai dauke da makamai na PAC. Sabon sunansa ya samo asali ne daga **Azania**, sunan Girkanci na Kudancin Afirka.

An yi amfani da sunan Azania ga sassa daban-daban na kudu maso gabashin Afirka mai zafi. A zamanin Roman kuma watakila a baya, sunan yana nufin wani ɓangare na gabar tekun kudu maso gabashin Afirka wanda ya kai daga Kenya,  zuwa watakila har zuwa kudu kamar Tanzania.

## Tarihi

### Tsarin da juriya ta farko
An kafa Poqo a cikin 1961 biyo bayan Sharpeville_massacre" id="mwSA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Sharpeville massacre">kisan kiyashi na masu zanga-zangar da PAC ke jagoranta a hannun 'yan sanda a waje da ofishin' yan sanda na Sharpeville a shekarar da ta gabata. Potlako Leballo, shugaban PAC a lokacin da aka kafa reshen soja a cikin shekarun 1960, ya tsara APLA a kan Sojojin 'Yancin Jama'ar Sin, tare da Templeton Ntantala a matsayin mataimakinsa.

Membobin Poqo sun yi niyya ga gari Paarl a Yammacin Cape a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba 1962, lokacin da taron mutane sama da 200 dauke da gatari, pangas da sauran makamai da aka yi a gida suka yi tafiya daga garin Mbekweni zuwa Paarl kuma suka kai hari ofishin 'yan sanda, gidaje da shaguna. An kashe fararen mazauna biyu, Frans Richard da Rencia Vermeulen. Wannan harin ya biyo bayan kisan wani dangi da ke sansani a Kogin Bashee a cikin Transkei a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu 1963. Norman da Elizabeth Grobbelaar, 'ya'yansu mata matasa Edna da Dawn, tare da Mista Derek Thompson, an kashe su a cikin motocin su.

Leballo ya shirya babban tawaye a ranar 8 ga Afrilu 1963, amma 'yan sanda na Basotholand sun sami damar bin diddigin kuma sun kai hari hedkwatar PAC, sun kwace cikakken jerin mambobin Poqo. A cikin murkushewar gwamnati mai zuwa, an tura kusan mambobi 2000 na Poqo zuwa kurkuku, kusan sun shafe dukkan kungiyar. Sakamakon haka, Poqo ya daina kasancewa muhimmiyar mai shiga tsakani a gwagwarmayar adawa da wariyar launin fata a lokacin sauran shekarun 1960.

A shekara ta 1968, an sake sunan Poqo APLA kuma ba tare da nasara ba ya yi ƙoƙari ya kafa dangantakar diflomasiyya da siyasa ga jihohin kasashen waje da ƙungiyoyi. Ya sami goyon baya daga kasar Sin, wanda ya yi ƙoƙari ya canza kungiyar zuwa Maoism. Shugabannin PAC, wadanda suka kasance mai adawa da kwaminisanci, duk da haka sun yarda da taimakon ta hanyar ƙoƙarin daidaita shi saboda Sinawa "ba fararen" ba ne kuma cewa tsarin darajar su "tunani na Turai" ba ne kamar yadda suka yi la'akari da Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Afirka ta Kudu. Sakamakon shi ne kafa wani karamin bangare na Maoist a cikin APLA wanda ya bambanta da karfi mai adawa da kwaminisanci a cikin PAC gaba ɗaya. Koyaya, dangantakar kungiyar da China ba ta da tsawo kuma ba da daɗewa ba aka wanke mambobin da ke goyon bayan kasar Sin daga kungiyar.

#### Ayyukan Babban Guguwa
A cikin 1991 APLA ta kaddamar da Operation Great Storm,  wani tashin hankali na soja da nufin kawar da fararen manoma don dawo da ƙasa ga baƙar fata na Afirka da samun makamai da kudade.   Da farko APLA ta kai hari kuma ta sace gonaki a lardunan Free State da Eastern Cape wanda ya haifar da mutuwar manoma da yawa. Hare-haren daga baya za su fadada zuwa ga fararen hula na birane kamar majami'u, otal-otal da wuraren shan giya. Babban kwamandan APLA, Sabelo Phama, ya bayyana cewa "zai yi amfani da bindigoginsa ga yara - don cutar da fararen fata inda ya fi cutar da shi"

Phama ya ayyana 1993 a matsayin "Shekarar Babban Guguwa"  kuma ya ba da izini ga hare-haren da suka biyo baya ga fararen hula:

* King William's Town Golf Club a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba 1992, inda ya kashe mutane hudu.
* Otal din Highgate a Gabashin London a ranar 1 ga Mayu 1993, inda ya kashe mutane biyar.
* Kisan kiyashi na Saint James Church a Kenilworth a ranar 25 ga Yuli 1993, inda aka kashe mutane 11 yayin hidimar coci.
* Kisan kiyashi na Heidelberg Tavern a Observatory a ranar 31 ga Disamba 1993, inda aka kashe hudu.
* Mdantsane a ranar 11 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1994, ya kashe 'Yan Iran uku a taron Baha'i Faith saboda kasancewa 'farar fata'. APLA ta dauki alhakin hare-haren, tana mai cewa: "An harbe maza don nuna cewa babu wani rawar da ya taka a sabuwar Afirka ta Kudu ga kowane ɗayan tseren da ya kirkiro wariyar launin fata ko kuma ya danne baƙar fata".

A cikin jimlar an karɓi aikace-aikace talatin da biyu don kai hari kan fararen hula. A cikin waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru, mutane 24 sun mutu kuma 122 sun ji rauni sosai.

Hukumar Gaskiya da Sulhu ta kammala cewa matakin da PAC ta amince da shi da aka yi wa fararen 'yan Afirka ta Kudu "babban keta haƙƙin ɗan adam ne wanda ake gudanar da jagorancin PAC da APLA don kasancewa da alhakin ɗabi'a da siyasa da kuma lissafi".

## Ƙarin karantawa

* Leeman, Lieutenant-General Bernard "The Pan Africanist Congress of Azania" a *Afirka A Yau*, A Multi-Disciplinary Snapshot of the Continent a 1995 Edited by Peter F. Alexander, Ruth Hutchison and Deryck Schreuder The Humanities Research Center The Australian National University Canberra 1996, pages 172-195  

## Manazarta