Eva del Vakia Bowles

**Eva del Vakia Bowles** (1875–1943) malamar Amurka ce kuma mai shirya ƙungiyar Kiristoci ta Matasan Mata a birnin New York . Lokacin da ta fara aiki a birnin New York da aka raba YWCA a Harlem, ta zama mace baƙar fata ta farko da ta zama babbar sakatare ta ƙungiyar. Tsawon shekaru goma sha takwas ta kafa rassan baƙar fata na YWCA kuma ta faɗaɗa ayyukansu ga membobin al'umma. Ta sami yabo daga tsohon shugaban ƙasa Theodore Roosevelt saboda aikinta a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya a madadin ƙungiyar Y da aka raba.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Eva del Vakia Bowles a ranar 24 ga Janairu, 1875, a Albany, Ohio ga Mary Jane (née Porter) da John Hawkes Bowles. Mahaifinta shine shugaban makaranta baƙar fata na farko a Marietta, Ohio kuma daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ma'aikatan gidan waya na farko na layin dogo a Ohio. Kakanta na uba, John Randolph Bowles, malamin Baptist ne kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin limamin cocin rundunar sojojin Massachusetts ta 55 a lokacin yakin basasa .  Bayan halartar makarantun gwamnati a Albany, Bowles ta ci gaba da karatunta a Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Bliss da ke Columbus yayin da take ɗaukar darussan bazara a Jami'ar Jihar Ohio .   

## Sana'a
Bowles ta fara aikinta na malamar makaranta a kwalejoji da dama na baƙar fata: Makarantar Chandler ta Al'ada a Lexington, Kentucky ; Kwalejin St. Augustine ta Raleigh, North Carolina, da Makarantar St. Paul da ke Lawrenceville, Virginia .   A shekarar 1905, yayin da take koyarwa a Virginia, Addie Waites Hunton, wacce mijinta William shi ne sakataren ƙungiyar Kiristocin Matasan Launi (YMCA) ta Harlem ta nemi Bowles. Hunton ta ɗauki Bowles don jagorantar wani aiki na ƙungiyar 'yan'uwa mata, ƙungiyar YWCA ta New York, don magance buƙatun mata baƙar fata.    Lokacin da ta karɓi wannan aiki, daga baya a wannan shekarar, Bowles ta zama mace baƙar fata ta farko da aka ɗauka aiki a matsayin sakatare a YWCA a Amurka.   A shekarar 1908, ta yi karatun aikin zamantakewa a Jami'ar Columbia a makarantar taimakon jama'a.  

Bayan karatunta, Bowles ta zama mai kula da shari'a a Ƙungiyar Agaji ta Columbus, Ohio tsakanin 1908 da 1912.  Ta koma New York a 1913 don yin aiki a matsayin sakatare a kwamitin ƙasa na Kwamitin Ayyukan Launi na YWCA. An ɗora wa Bowles alhakin ƙara ayyukan da ake yi wa mata baƙaƙe. Duk da wariya, ta ba da shawarar cewa kowace gari tana da "Y" ɗaya kawai, domin galibi rassan fari suna da damar samun kuɗi da kayan aiki. Duk da cewa hakan ya sa rassan baƙaƙe su zama ƙarƙashin jagorancin mata fararen fata kuma ya hana su shiga wurare da yawa, Bowles ta gamsu cewa tsarin zai bai wa mata daga kabilu biyu damar yin aiki tare. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, YWCA ta samar da kuɗi don ƙara faɗaɗa ayyuka a cikin al'ummomin baƙaƙe da wuraren aiki na masana'antu, da kuma wuraren nishaɗi. Sun kuma buɗe kantuna goma sha biyar, wurare don samar da nishaɗi ga sojoji da iyalansu.  Daukar ma'aikata na Bowles ya yi nasara sosai har ta ƙara ma'aikatan baƙaƙe daga ɗaya zuwa sama da sittin kuma an ba ta dala 4,000 tare da masauki don aikinta daga tsohon shugaban ƙasa Theodore Roosevelt daga asusunsa na kyautar Nobel. 

Bowles ta ci gaba da matsa wa hukumar ƙasa lamba don a ƙara wa mata baƙaƙe wakilci a matakin gida da na ƙasa. A shekarar 1924, sun sami wakili na farko a hukumar ƙasa kuma ta yi nasarar ƙara wa ma'aikatan baƙaƙen da ke hedikwatar babban birnin zuwa mambobi tara tare da ma'aikatan baƙaƙe uku na filin wasa.  Ta yi tafiya a ƙasar tana buɗe rassan YWCA kuma ta matsa wa ƙungiyar ta faɗaɗa aikinta a Afirka da Caribbean.   A shekarar 1932, ta yi murabus daga YWCA, bayan ta gaji da shirye-shiryen sake tsara tsarinta.   Bowles ta riga ta yi aiki a Ƙungiyar 'Yan Kasuwa Masu Launi ta Ƙasa, a matsayin sakatariyar ƙungiyar, da kuma Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta Ƙasa ta Negro, a matsayin shugabar ƙungiyar mata. Lokacin da ta bar YWCA, ta shiga ofisoshin haɗin gwiwa a matsayin ma'aikaciya don taimakawa wajen inganta damar tattalin arziki na baƙaƙen fata.   A shekarar 1943, a farkon Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, an naɗa Bowles a matsayin darektan zartarwa na Tsaron Farar Hula na yankunan Harlem da Riverside na birnin New York. 

## Mutuwa da gado
Bowles ta mutu a ranar 14 ga Yuni, 1943, a Asibitin Al'umma na Richmond da ke Richmond, Virginia, yayin da take ziyara don ganin 'yar uwarta. Taskar YWCA ta ƙunshi kayan aiki game da aikin Bowles don faɗaɗa YWCA a cikin al'ummomin Baƙar fata na Amurka da kuma aikinta a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya.

## Manazarta

### Ambato