Hakkin LGBTQ a Afghanistan

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, da Queer (LGBTQ) mutane a Masarautar Musulunci ta Afghanistan suna fuskantar kalubale masu tsanani waɗanda ba mazauna LGBT ba suka fuskanta. An tilasta wa mambobin Afghanistan na Al'ummar LGBTQ su ɓoye asalin jinsi da yanayin Jima'i, saboda tsoron tashin hankali da hukuncin kisa. yanayin addini na kasar ya iyakance duk wata dama don tattaunawar jama'a, tare da duk wani ambaton luwadi da ka'idojin da suka danganci da aka dauka a matsayin haramtacce.

A ranar 23 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2025, Mai gabatar da kara na Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta kasa da kasa, Karim Ahmad Khan, ya nemi takardar shaidar kama shugabannin Taliban Hibatullah Akhundzada da Abdul Hakim Haqqani saboda tsananta musu ga mata, 'yan mata, da al'ummar LGBTQ, wanda shine karo na farko da kotun ta amince da laifuka a kan al'ummar LGTQ.  

## Shari'a ta jima'i na jinsi ɗaya

### Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Afghanistan
Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Afghanistan (wanda ya mallaki mafi yawan yankin Afghanistan har zuwa 2021) ba shi da tabbas game da dokokin luwadi; kodayake ba bisa ka'ida ba ne kai tsaye, kotunan Shari'a da ba na hukuma ba za su iya hukunta shi ko kuma laifuka masu alaƙa, kamar jima'i na waje.

#### Dokar Laifi
An sake dawo da Dokar Shari'a ta 1976 bayan shekara ta 2001, kuma tana da tanadi da yawa waɗanda za a iya amfani da su ga mutanen LGBT. Dokar ta bayyana cewa idan laifuka na Zina ba su cancanci hudud ba, za a iya gudanar da hukuncin da aka tsara a ciki bisa ga ƙananan ma'auni.

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Wannan Dokar Shari'a ta maye gurbin Dokar Shari'ar 2018, wanda a bayyane ya aikata laifuka ga dangantakar jima'i.

#### Shari'ar Shari'a
 
Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya bayyana cewa Afghanistan jamhuriya ce ta Musulunci, don haka yana yiwuwa a tuhumi mutanen LGBT a Afghanistan da keta dokar Shari'a. Wannan na iya faruwa a maimakon, ko kuma ban da tuhumar da aka kawo a karkashin dokar hukunci. Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Jamhuriyar ya fi sauƙi fiye da yawancin hukunce-hukuncen hudud, waɗanda ba a aiwatar da su ba a ƙarƙashin Jamhuriwar Musulunci.

Saboda rashin amincewa da cibiyoyin tarayya saboda yawan cin hanci da rashawa, ana magance kimanin kashi 80% na rikice-rikice a matakin gida, a cikin majalisun Jirga. Jirgas suna yanke shawara bisa ga dokar kabilanci ta gargajiya da dokar Shari'a.

A cikin birane, mutanen da aka yanke musu hukuncin luwadi galibi ana yanke musu hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku. A shekara ta 2004, an kama wani mai ba da shawara na Amurka ga gwamnatin Afghanistan kuma an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku saboda ayyukan luwadi tare da wani mutumin Afghanistan. Sauran rahotanni sun kuma lura cewa an daure wasu maza saboda yin irin wannan jima'i.

### Masarautar Musulunci ta Afghanistan
Taliban ta karbe Afghanistan a shekarar 2021 bayan da gwamnatin da ta gabata ta rushe. A karkashin mulkin su, amincewar LGBT ta saba wa dokar Islama (*sharīʿa*) kuma za a hukunta masu luwadi da mutuwa. Ba kamar gwamnatin jamhuriya ta baya ba, jihar Taliban ta kashe mambobin LGBT a bayyane, kai tsaye ko a kaikaice. Ba da daɗewa ba kafin karɓar mulki, wani alƙali na Taliban ya bayyana cewa dole ne a hukunta luwadi ko dai ta hanyar dutse ko ta hanyar kawo bango a kan mai laifi. 

A karkashin mulkinta na farko a cikin shekarun 1990s kungiyar ta aikata laifuka ga duk dangantakar jima'i a waje da auren jima'i, kuma sau da yawa za su kashe maza da mata a bainar jama'a don yin fasikanci da zina da kuma shiga sodomy. Maza masu luwadi sun sha wahala daga kisan gilla da 'yan uwa suka yi. Har ila yau, Taliban ta kashe maza masu luwadi ta hanyar sanya wadanda ake zargi da ayyukan luwadi a cikin rami kuma suna da bango na dutse ya fadi a kansu. A shekara ta 1994, babban shugaban Taliban, Mullah Omar, ya ceci wani yaro daga janar din biyu da ke rikici a Kandahar kuma lokacin da aka ba shi iko da birnin ya ba da umarnin cewa duka tashin hankali da kuma yarjejeniyar sodomy zai zama manyan laifuka.

## Manazarta