Gidan baje kolin kasa (Berlin)

National Gallery (Jamusanci: Nationalgalerie) a Berlin, Jamus, gidan kayan gargajiya ne na fasaha na ƙarni na 19, 20 da 21. Yana daga cikin Gidan Tarihi na Jihar Berlin. Daga Alte Nationalgalerie, wanda aka gina shi kuma aka buɗe shi a 1876, sararin baje kolinsa ya fadada ya haɗa da wasu wurare biyar. Gidajen tarihi suna daga cikin Gidan Tarihi na Jihar Berlin, mallakar Gidauniyar Al'adun Prussian.

## Wuraren da aka yi
A halin yanzu ana nuna abubuwan da ke cikin National Gallery a wurare biyar: 

* Alte Nationalgalerie: zane-zane na ƙarni na 19, a tsibirin MuseumTsibirin Gidan Tarihi
* Neue Nationalgalerie: zane-zane na karni na 20, a Kulturforum . Ginin, wanda Ludwig Mies van der Rohe ya tsara, ya buɗe a ranar 15 ga Satumba 1968. 
* Gidan kayan gargajiya na Berggruen: a Charlottenburg, yana nuna kayan gargajiya na fasahar zamani na karni na 20 wanda Heinz Berggruens ya tattara; an kara shi a cikin National Gallery a cikin 1996. 
* Scharf-Gerstenberg Collection: a cikin Charlottenburg, yana nuna fasahar karni na 20 daga Romanticism na Faransa zuwa Surrealism; an kara shi a cikin National Gallery a cikin 2008 .
* Hamburger Bahnhof: Museum für Gegenwart, fasahar zamani; an kara shi a cikin National Gallery a cikin 1996. 
* Ikilisiyar Friedrichswerder: siffar ƙarni na 19, cocin da Karl Friedrich Schinkel ya tsara, an buɗe shi a matsayin mahaɗin National Gallery a watan Satumbar 1987.   Daga 2012 zuwa 2020 an rufe ginin saboda lalacewar tsarin.

## Tarihi

### Shirye-shiryen, tushe da kuma gina ginin na asali
Akwai tattaunawa mai tsawo game da sha'awar kafa tashar ƙasa a Berlin, [1] musamman a lokacin juyin juya halin kasa a kusa da 1848, kuma ya zama babban tsari daga 1850, lokacin da wallafe-wallafen suka bayyana suna ba da shawara. [2] Tun daga farko an ɗaure shi da burin Prussia da kuma sha'awar Berlin ta zama babban birnin duniya.[3] An yanke shawarar ne a 1861, bayan mutuwar mai banki da mai kula da fasaha Joachim Heinrich Wilhelm Wagener, wanda ya ba da tarin tarin sa mai yawa (artworks 262) ga Yarima Regent na lokacin, Sarki William na gaba, da fatan haɓaka kafa gallery na "kwanan nan".[2][4][5][6] Da farko an san tarin da Wagenersche und Nationalgalerie (Wagener da National Gallery) kuma an ajiye shi a cikin gine-ginen Kwalejin Fasaha ta Prussia.[7]

Friedrich August Stüler ya fara aiki a kan zane don ginin gallery a 1863, bisa ga zane na mahaifin William I, Sarki Frederick William IV na Prussia.  Shekaru biyu da shirye-shirye biyu da suka gaza daga baya, an yarda da shawararsa ta uku. Stüler ya mutu kafin a kammala shirin kuma Carl Busse ya kula da sauran bayanai a 1865. A cikin 1866, ta hanyar umarnin sarki da majalisarsa, an kirkiro *Kommission für den Bau der Nationalgalerie* (Kwamitin don gina tashar ƙasa).  An rushe ƙasa a 1867 a ƙarƙashin kulawar Heinrich Strack . A shekara ta 1872 an kammala tsarin kuma an fara aikin ciki. An bude shi ne a ranar 22 ga Maris, 1876 a gaban William I, wanda a lokacin shi ne Sarkin sarakuna na Jamus.

Ginin, a yau Alte Nationalgalerie, yayi kama da Haikali Greco-Roman (wani nau'in da aka zaba don alamomin sa cewa, an nuna shi, bai dace da nuna fasaha ba)  kuma yana da haɗin haɗin haɗin marigayi Classicism da farkon Neo-Renaissance. An yi niyyar bayyana "haɗin kai na fasaha, al'umma, da tarihi", sabili da haka yana da fannoni masu kama da coci (tare da apse) da gidan wasan kwaikwayo (babban matakala da ke kaiwa ga shigarwa) da kuma haikalin. Wani mutum-mutumi na Frederick William IV yana saman matakala, kuma matakala na ciki suna da frieze na Otto Geyer wanda ke nuna tarihin Jamus daga zamanin da ya gabata zuwa karni na 19. Rubutun a kan ƙofar ya karanta "Ga fasahar Jamusanci, 1871" (shekarar da aka kafa Daular, ba shekarar da aka kammala tashar ba). A ziyararsa ta farko zuwa Berlin, a watan Nuwamba 1916, matashi Adolf Hitler ya aika da katin gidan waya na wannan ginin ga abokin aiki a makamai don taya shi murna kan karbar Iron Cross.

## Manazarta