Batutuwan muhalli a Afghanistan

Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Kasa (NEPA) ce ke sa ido kan **Batutuwan muhalli a Afghanistan**. Sun riga sun kasance cikin rikice-rikicen siyasa na 'yan shekarun da suka gabata. An lalata gandun daji ta hanyar ƙarni na kiwo da noma, ayyukan da suka karu kawai tare da karuwar yawan jama'a na zamani. 

A Afghanistan, kiyaye muhalli da damuwa game da tattalin arziki ba su da daidaituwa; tare da sama da kashi 44% na yawan jama'a da ke dogara da kiwo ko noma,  jin daɗin muhalli yana da mahimmanci ga jin daɗin tattalin arzikin mutane. A cikin shekara ta 2007, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta fitar da wani rahoto wanda ya sanya Afghanistan a matsayin mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin ƙasashen da ba na Afirka ba a cikin mutuwar daga haɗarin muhalli.

## Canjin yanayi

## Kashe daji

An ha kashewa a duk faɗin Afghanistan. A cewar NEPA, kusan kashi 1.5% ne kawai na kasar da gandun daji. Wasu sun sanya adadi a 2.1% (ko 1,350,000 ha).  An dauki wasu matakai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan don dasa bishiyoyi a cikin birane na ƙasar. Afghanistan tana da Forest Landscape Integrity Index na 8.85/10, wanda ya sanya shi na 15 a duniya daga cikin kasashe 172.

Mutanen Afghanistan a tarihi sun dogara da gandun daji don itace da kuma kudaden shiga da aka samu ta hanyar fitar da Pistachios da almond, waɗanda ke girma a cikin gandun daji na halitta a yankunan tsakiya da arewa. Gundumomin Badghis da Takhar sun rasa fiye da kashi 50% na gandun daji. A baya mutane da yawa sun yi amfani da itace don man fetur, kuma wadanda kamar su Northern Alliance sun share bishiyoyi wanda zai iya samar da wuraren ɓoyewa don kwanto daga Taliban. Bugu da ƙari, amfani da gandun daji don kiwo da kuma tattara kwayoyi don fitarwa a bayyane yake yana hana sabbin bishiyoyin pistachio girma.

Afghanistan ta rasa kusan rabin gandun daji. Kudancin gandun daji a gabashin Nangarhar, Kunar, Nuristan da sauran larduna suna cikin haɗari daga girbi na katako ta hanyar mafia. Kodayake katako ba bisa ka'ida ba ne, ribar da aka samu daga fitar da itacen zuwa makwabciyar Pakistan tana da yawa sosai.   Dalilin wannan shi ne cewa gwamnatin Pakistan tana da kariya sosai ga gandun daji don haka 'yan fashi na katako suna aiki da sare bishiyoyi a Afghanistan a maimakon haka. Itacen yana tafiya ba kawai zuwa Peshawar ba har ma da Islamabad, Rawalpindi, da Lahore, inda ake amfani da mafi yawansu don yin kayan gida masu tsada. Gwamnatin Afghanistan ta kafa masu kula da wurin shakatawa na musamman don saka idanu da dakatar da waɗannan ayyukan. 

Yayin da gandun daji ke raguwa, ƙasar ta zama ƙasa da ƙasa, tana barazana ga rayuwar mutanen karkara kuma ambaliyar tana wanke filayen noma kuma tana lalata gidaje. Rashin ciyayi kuma yana haifar da haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa, wanda ba kawai ke barazana ga mutane ba, amma yana haifar da Rushewar ƙasa kuma yana rage yawan ƙasar da ake da ita don noma. Don juyar da wannan lalacewar, MAIL tana ƙoƙarin sake juya Afghanistan kore ta hanyar dasa miliyoyin bishiyoyi a kowane bazara, musamman a ranar 10 ga Maris, wanda aka gane shi a matsayin ranar dasa bishiyoyi ta ƙasa a kasar.

## Dabbobi na daji
Yin farauta ba bisa ka'ida ba ne a Afghanistan saboda yawancin namun daji na kasar suna cikin haɗarin lalacewa. Tsuntsaye da dabbobi na daji suna ci gaba da fitar da su daga kasar. A cikin shekarata 2014 an fitar da tsuntsaye kusan 5,000 daga Afghanistan, wanda ya haɗa da falcons, Hawks da geese. A shekara ta 2006, Afghanistan da Kungiyar Kare Kayan Kayan Kudancin Kudancin sun fara aikin shekaru uku don kare namun daji da wuraren zama a cikin Band-e Amir National Park da Wakhan National Park .

## Manazarta