Canjin yanayi a Tsibirin Marshall

Canjin yanayi a cikin Marshall Islands babban batu ne ga kasar. Kamar yadda yake tare da kasashe da yawa da suka hada da tsibirai masu ƙasƙanci, Tsibirin Marshall yana da matukar damuwa ga hauhawar matakin teku da sauran tasirin canjin yanayi. Atoll da babban birnin Majuro suna da matukar damuwa, kuma batun yana da tasiri ga yawan mutanen kasar. Wadannan barazanar sun sa shugabannin siyasa na Marshallese su sanya canjin yanayi babban batun diflomasiyya, wadanda suka amsa da shirye-shirye irin su Majuro Declaration.

The Human Rights Measurement Initiative  ya gano cewa rikicin yanayi ya kara tsananta yanayin haƙƙin ɗan adam a cikin Marshall Islands sosai (5.0 daga 6).  Masana kare hakkin dan adam sun ba da rahoton cewa rikicin yanayi ya shafi tattalin arziki, ya kara yawan rashin aikin yi, kuma ya haifar da ƙaura zuwa manyan yankuna ko ƙaura zuwa wasu ƙasashe.

## Tasiri a kan yanayin halitta
Tsibirin Marshall tarin tsibirai ne masu ƙasƙanci da tsibirai a tsakiyar Tekun Pacific, dukansu ƙasa da ƙafa shida a matsakaicin tsawo. Saboda yanayin ƙasa da yanayin ƙasa na waɗannan tsibirai, an sanya su cikin matsayi mai haɗari dangane da tasirin Canjin yanayi. Hawan matakin teku ya riga ya mamaye tsibirai, kuma manyan raƙuman ruwa da guguwa masu yawa suna ci gaba da yin barazana ga gidaje da dukiya. Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa matakan teku suna ƙaruwa da millimeters 3.4 (0.13 inci) a kowace shekara. Hawan mita ɗaya na iya haifar da asarar kashi 80 cikin 100 na Majuro Atoll, wanda shine gida ga rabin yawan jama'ar ƙasar. Rashin ruwa mai laushi a karkashin ruwa ya sami gishiri ta hanyar wannan kwararar ruwan teku. A cikin shekara ta 2013 sama da gidaje 200 sun lalace a babban birnin Majuro, kuma an tilasta filin jirgin sama ya rufe saboda yawan ruwa.

## Tasirin ga mutane

Har zuwa wani mataki, Marshallese sun makale a tsibirai, kamar Majuro Atoll, lokacin da manyan guguwa ko raƙuman ruwa suka faru, ba tare da wata hanyar da za a kwashe su zuwa wurare mafi girma ko tsibirai makwabta ba. Keɓewar ƙasa na Tsibirin Marshall yana sa duk wani bala'i da canjin yanayi ya haifar musamman mai lalacewa. Musamman haɗari shine raƙuman ruwa, raƙuman raƙuman ƙasa masu yawa, waɗanda ke faruwa sau da yawa a shekara. Don adana ƙasarsu da kuma yaki da raƙuman ruwa da guguwa, mazauna sun koma gina ganuwar teku masu zaman kansu don kariya ta nan take. Binciken da Murray Ford ya yi wanda ya kwatanta hotunan iska na Wotje Atoll na Marshall Islands, ya gano cewa "ƙananan jiragen ruwa da aka fassara daga hotunan tauraron dan adam da aka kama tsakanin shekara ta 2004 da shekarar 2012 sun nuna cewa iyakokin bakin teku a cikin wannan samfurin tsibirin galibi suna cikin yanayin lalacewa". Masana'antu da hanyoyin rayuwa a tsibirin Marshall suma suna fuskantar barazanar canjin yanayi. Kifi, musamman masana'antar tuna, dole ne su daidaita da sauya abubuwan muhalli. Masana'antar yawon bude ido ta Marshall Islands, kwanan nan ne aka haɓaka kuma tana da ƙarin damar girma, tana fuskantar barazanar hauhawar matakin teku da guguwa masu ƙarfi. Rashin amincewa da tashi, saboda hayakin gas na iya taka rawar gani.

## Ragewa da daidaitawa

### Haɗin kai na kasa da kasa

A cikin shekara ta 2020 Shugaba David Kabua na tsibirin Marshall ya yi kira ga kasashe masu arziki da su biya don "hasara da lalacewa" don taimakawa inganta tasirin canjin yanayi a tsibirin Marshall. Tsibirin Marshall sun kuma yi kira ga hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa don rage yawan canjin yanayi, musamman game da karuwar matakan teku. Bayan fari a shekarar 2013, Amurka ta aika da kayayyaki don taimakawa tsibirin Marshall.

Har ila yau, akwai tarihin tarihi ga Amurka don taimakawa tsibirin Marshall idan ya zo ga canjin yanayi da bala'i. Bayan gwada bama-bamai na nukiliya hamsin da hudu a Bikini Atoll a cikin Marshall Islands a cikin shekarun 1940 da shekarar 1950, Amurka ta biya dala miliyan 604 a cikin biyan kuɗi. Wadannan gyare-gyare sun taimaka wajen magance tasirin nukiliya a kan muhalli da mutanen Marshall Islands. Idan aka yi la'akari da cewa Amurka ita ce "mafi girman gurɓataccen carbon dioxide" a duniya, an yi kuka tsakanin al'ummomin duniya don "kiyaye Amurka da alhakin" saboda tasirin karuwar hayaki da canjin yanayi. Bugu da kari, a taron koli na 44th Pacific Islands Forum da aka gudanar a shekarar 2013, Marshall Islands ta ba da shawarar "Majuro Declaration for Climate Leadership don karfafa karin gaggawa da kuma aiki na kan canjin yanayi".  Kamar yadda shugaban tsibirin Marshall ya lura, wannan sanarwar ta nemi "kawar da haɗarin teku masu tasowa" ta hanyar yin "ƙaddamar da raguwar hayaki da manufofi masu sabuntawa da ingancin makamashi". Akwai ƙalubalen lokacin da ya zo ga sadarwa game da tasirin canjin yanayi a cikin Marshall Islands ga manyan kafofin watsa labarai na duniya da yamma. Sauran matsaloli ma sun wanzu idan ya zo ga canja wurin ra'ayin kimiyya na yammacin canjin yanayi ga mutanen Marshall Islands.

## Manazarta