Haƙƙin Wanzuwa

**Haƙƙin wanzuwa** kamar yadda akace sifa ce ta al'ummomi. A cewar wani makala na wani masanin falsafa na Faransa na ƙarni na 19 *Ernest Renan*, ƙasa tana da ƴancin wanzuwa lokacin da ɗaiɗaikun mutane ke son sadaukar da buƙatunsu ga al’ummar da take wakilta. Ba haƙƙi ba ne da aka amince da shi a cikin dokokin duniya. Wannan Kalmar ta yi fice a lokacin rikicin Larabawa da Yahudawan Isra'ila tun a shekarun 1950.

Haƙƙin wanzuwar ƙasa ta *zahiri* na iya daidaitawa da yancin wata ƙasa ta yanki . Magoya bayan 'yancin wanzuwa sun samo asali ne daga "yancin wanzuwa", wanda aka ce shi ne babban hakki na ƙasashe da marubuta kan dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa suka amince da shi tsawon daruruwan shekaru a baya. 

## Tarihi mai amfani

*Thomas Paine* (1737 – 1809) ya yi amfani da kalmar “ƴancin wanzuwa” wajen yin nuni ga tsarin gwamnati, yana mai cewa gwamnatin wakilai tana da ƴancin wanzuwa, amma gwamnatin gado ba ta da. A cikin 1823, Sir *Walter Scott* ya yi jayayya da "ƴancin wanzuwa a cikin mutanen Girka". (A lokacin ne Girkawa suka yi tawaye ga mulkin Turkiyya.) A cewar *Renan* a littafin sa mai suna "What Is a Nation" a shekarar (1882), "Matuƙar wannan sani na ɗabi'a wanda ake kira al'umma ya ba da tabbacin ƙarfinsa ta hanyar sadaukarwa da ake buƙatar ƙaddamar da wani mutum don amfanin al'umma, ya halatta kuma yana da 'yancin kasancewa. Idan shakku ya kasance. taso game da iyakokinta, a tuntuɓi jama'a a wuraren da ake jayayya."[5] Kasancewa ba haƙƙin tarihi ba ne, amma "haɗin kai na yau da kullum, kamar yadda wanzuwar mutum ta kasance tabbataccen rayuwa," in ji Renan.[5]. Kalmar ta sami babban amfani dangane da wargajewar Daular Usmaniyya a shekara ta 1918. "Idan Turkiyya na da 'yancin zama - kuma masu iko sun yi gaggawar tabbatar da cewa tana da - tana da 'yancin kare kanta daga duk wani yunƙuri. don lalata rayuwarta ta siyasa,” Eliakim da Robert Littell suka rubuta a cikin 1903.[6] A lokuta da dama, ba a tambayar ‘yancin wanzuwar al’umma, don haka ba a tabbatar da ita.

## Misalai

### [[Armenia|Armeniya]]
Haƙƙin wanzuwa a ƙasar Armeniya ya zama sananne da tambayar Armeniya a lokacin taron Majalisar Berlin a shekarar 1878, kuma za a sake tambayarsa a lokacin kisan ƙare dangi na Armeniya a Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya . 

### [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|kasar Basque]]
A cewar masu kishin ƙasa na Basque, " Euzkadi (sunan ƙasarmu a cikin harshenmu) shine ƙasar Basques tare da irin wannan haƙƙin zama mai zaman kanta a matsayin ƙasa kamar Poland ko Ireland .Basques mutane ne na zamani sosai." 

### [[Israel|Isra'ila]]

Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta ba wa Biritaniya a hukumance kan wajabcin Falasdinu a shekara ta 1922, lokacin da Yahudawa ke da kashi 11% na al'ummar ƙasar. Ƙasar yammacin kogin Jordan tana ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Burtaniya kai tsaye har zuwa 1948, yayin da ƙasar gabas ta Jordan yanki ne mai cin gashin kansa da aka fi sani da Masarautar Trans-Jordan, kuma ya sami ƴancin kai a shekarar 1946.A cikin 1936-39 an yi boren kishin kasa da Larabawan Falasdinawa suka yi na nuna adawa da mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya da kuma hijirar Yahudawa masu yawa zuwa Falasdinu don su mamaye ƙasar Falasɗinu. A shekara ta 1947, wani ƙudiri na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ya tanadi samar da "Ƙasar Larabawa ta Falasdinawa" da "Yahudawa" da za su wanzu a cikin ƙasar Falasɗinu tunda daman chan ƙasar ta su Falasdinu ce a cikin Tsarin Rarraba Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Falasdinu.Joseph Massad a matsayin "shawarwari mara dauri wanda kwamitin sulhun bai taba amincewa da shi ba, sabili da haka bai taba samun matsayin doka ba, kamar yadda dokokin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ke bukata." Hukumar Yahudawa, wadda ke gaban gwamnatin Isra'ila, ta amince da shirin, amma Falasdinawa sun yi watsi da shi, aka gwabza fada.Bayan ayyana ‘yancin kai na bai ɗaya da Isra’ila ta yi a ranar 14 ga Mayu, 1948, goyon bayan ƙasashen Larabawa da ke makwabtaka da ita ya ƙara tsananta yakin basasa na Falasdinu a 1947-48 zuwa Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra’ila a 1948 .Har yanzu ana takun-saka kan batun doka da yanki na Isra'ila da Falasdinu a yankin da kuma tsakanin kasashen duniya.

## Ambato
* 1791 Thomas Paine, *Rights of Man* : "Saboda haka gaskiyar ita ce, *daidaikun mutane da kansu,* kowanne a cikin haƙƙinshi na kansa da kuma ikon mallakarsa, *sun kulla yarjejeniya da juna* don samar da gwamnati: kuma wannan ita ce hanya ɗaya tilo da gwamnatoci suka yi. Ƴancin tasowa, da ƙa'ida ɗaya tilo da suke da haƙƙin wanzuwa a kanta." 
* 1823 Sir Walter Scott : "Yin yarda, duk da haka, wannan ƴancin zama a cikin mutanen Girka wata tambaya ce ta daban ko akwai wani haƙƙin, fiye da kowane kira, ga al'ummomin Turai su tsoma baki a cikin goyon bayansu." 
* 1882 Ernest Renan, "What Is a Nation?": Muddin wannan fahimtar ɗabi'a ya ba da tabbacin ƙarfinsa ta hanyar sadaukarwar da ke buƙatar yin watsi da mutum don amfanin al'umma, yana da halal kuma yana da 'yancin zama  Faransanci: *le droit d'exister* ]. 
* 1916 Cibiyar Dokokin Duniya ta Amirka: tana nuni da "Kowace al'umma na da haƙƙin zama, da kuma kariya da kuma kiyaye wanzuwarta." 
* 1933 Nazis a duk faɗin Jamus suna duba ko mutane sun kaɗa ƙuri'a kan ficewa daga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun ce "Mun yi haka ne saboda ƴancin zama a ƙasar Jamus yanzu tambaya ce ta zama ko a'a."

## Manazarta