open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Felice Orsini

**Felice Orsini** (pronunciation Italiyanci: [feˈliːtʃe koˈsiːni];  [fəlis ɔʁsini]; 10 Disamba 1819 - 13 Maris 1858) ya kasance mai juyin juya halin Italiya kuma shugaban *Carbonari* wanda ya yi ƙoƙarin kashe Napoleon III, Sarkin sarakuna na Faransa.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Felice Orsini a Meldola a Romagna, sannan wani ɓangare na Papal States. An ƙarfafa shi ya zama firist, amma ya watsar da wannan salon rayuwa kuma ya zama mai sassaucin ra'ayi, ya shiga *Giovane Italiya*, ƙungiyar siyasa da Giuseppe Mazzini ya kafa.

## Kaddamarwa da ayyukan juyin juya hali
An kama Orsini a shekara ta 1844 tare da mahaifinsa, wanda ke da hannu a cikin makircin juyin juya hali kuma an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai. Sabon Paparoma, Pius IX ya 'yantar da shi, kuma ya jagoranci wani kamfani na matasa Romagnols a Yaƙin Farko na Independence na Italiya a 1848, ya bambanta kansa a cikin alkawurran da aka yi a Treviso da Vicenza . 

An zabi Orsini a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Roma a 1849, kuma bayan faduwar jamhuriya mai juyin juya hali a Roma, ya yi makirci a kan mulkin kama-karya na papal don amfanin jam'iyyar Mazzinian. Mazzini ya tura shi kan wani aikin sirri zuwa Hungary, amma an kama shi a 1854 kuma an ɗaure shi a Mantua.  Ya tsere bayan 'yan watanni ta amfani da ƙaramin saw don yankewa ta hanyar sanduna biyu, ya hau daga taga 100 feet sama da ƙasa kuma ya sauka ta amfani da igiya da ya yi da gado. Da yake wucewa a matsayin manomi mai tausayi, ya sami nasarar wucewa ga masu tsaron Austriya.

A shekara ta 1856, ya ziyarci Burtaniya na ɗan lokaci kuma ya sami kyakkyawar tarba. Jaridar Daily News ta buga fassarar farko ta Turanci game da labarin tserewa. [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed] Ya buga The Memoirs and Adventures of Felice Orsini a shekara ta 1856. A shekara ta 1857, ya kuma buga labarin abubuwan da ya fuskanta a gidan yari a Turanci a ƙarƙashin taken The Austrian Dungeons in Italy, wanda ya haifar da rabuwar kai tsakaninsa da Mazzini. Sannan ya fara tattaunawa da Ausonio Franchi, editan Ragione of Turin, wanda ya gabatar da shawarar yin ƙungiyar 'yan Republican tsantsa.[1]

Orsini ya gamsu cewa Napoleon III shine babban cikas ga 'yancin Italiya kuma shine babban dalilin adawa da' yanci a duk Turai.[1] Ya shirya kisan gillar da ya yi da tunanin cewa bayan mutuwar sarki, Faransa za ta tashi cikin tawaye kuma Italiyawa za su iya amfani da halin da ake ciki don tayar da kansu. Ya tafi Paris a shekara ta 1857 don yin makirci a kan sarki.

A ƙarshen shekara ta 1857, Orsini ya ziyarci Ingila a takaice, inda ya tuntubi masanin bindiga Joseph Taylor kuma ya tambaye shi ya yi kwafin bam guda shida na ƙirar Orsini; zai fashe a kan tasiri kuma ya yi amfani da fulminate na mercury a matsayin fashewa. An gwada bam din a Sheffield da Devon tare da taimakon mai tsattsauran ra'ayi na Faransa Simon Bernard . Da gamsuwa, Orsini ya koma Paris tare da bama-bamai kuma ya tuntubi wasu masu makirci, Giovanni Andrea Pieri, Antonio Gomez da Carlo di Rudio (daga baya ya canza zuwa Charles DeRudio).

## Manazarta
Gundumar Khwaja Hijran

**Khwaja Hijran** gunduma ce a lardin Baghlan na Afghanistan . An ƙirƙiri gundumar a shekarar 2005 daga wani ɓangare na Gundumar Andarab . An riga an canza sunan gundumar kuma sabuwar gundumar ita ce **Jalga** . Tana da yawan jama'a kusan 23,000 (52% maza da 48% mata), kuma babban ƙauyenta shine Pansíri.

## Manazarta
Yanayin polo na ruwa

Wasanni na ruwa wasa ne mai Cikakken hulɗa da aka buga a kasashe da yawa a duniya. Hukumar kula da wasanni ta kasa da kasa ita ce FINA.

Wasu ƙasashe suna da manyan gasa guda biyu: babbar ƙungiya wacce yawanci gasa ce ta zagaye biyu da aka ƙuntata ga kungiyoyin ƙwararrun, da kuma kofin wanda shine gasa ɗaya da aka buɗe ga duka ƙwararrun da ƙananan kungiyoyi.

## Duniya

## Kungiyoyin gudanarwa na nahiyar
Kwame Danso

**Kwame Danso** gari ne da ke yankin Gabashin Bono na Ghana. Garin ya shahara da Makarantar Fasaha ta Kwame Danso Senior High School.  Makarantar cibiya ce ta zagaye ta biyu. A da, ana kiran garin **da Donkore** .

## Manazarta
Georgina Masson

**Georgina Masson** (1912–1980) marubuciya ce 'yar Birtaniya kuma mai ɗaukar hoto  . An haifi **Marion Johnson,** kuma an san ta da Babs ga abokanta, Georgina Masson ita ce sunan barkwancinta na adabi.

An haifi Johnson a Rawalpindi, Indiya, a ranar 23 ga Maris 1912. Ita 'yar wani jami'i ne da ke aiki a Indiya a lokacin.  Ta rasu a shekarar 1980 a Landan . 

## Rayuwar farko
Cikakkun bayanai game da rayuwar Masson a farkon rayuwa ba su da tabbas, duk da cewa an san cewa ta kamu da matsalar tafiye-tafiye tun tana ƙarama a Turai, Asiya da Afirka . A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ta yi aiki a Ofishin Harkokin Waje da ke Landan da kuma Ma'aikatar Watsa Labarai . Aikinta a Ofishin Harkokin Waje ya kai ta Italiya inda ta ci gaba da zama har zuwa 1978. 

## Gado
Georgina Masson mai ɗaukar hoto ce kuma masaniyar tarihi a fannin gine-gine wadda sha'awarta ta mamaye Tsohuwar Roma har zuwa zamanin da a Sicily . Rubuce-rubucenta suna da yawa kuma ayyukanta sun haɗa da nazarin lambuna da gidaje da tarihin rayuwa da kuma Gine-ginen Romawa da kuma Gine-ginen Italiya daga baya. 

Aikinta na daukar hoto, wanda ya tafi daidai da muradun gine-ginenta, an gabatar da shi a fili bayan rasuwarta. An bai wa Kwalejin Amurka da ke Rome kimanin hotuna marasa kyau 5,000. Duk da cewa yawancin hotunanta na gine-gine ne da lambuna da kuma birnin Rome, tarin hotunan ya kuma kunshi abubuwan da aka lura da su a rayuwar yau da kullum. Zabin ayyukanta na daukar hoto da aka nuna a wani baje koli mai suna 'Marubuci da Ido' a Rome a watan Afrilun 2003 a Kwalejin Amurka.  An sanya wa kundin tarihin baje kolin suna 'Georgina Masson 1912-1980'. 

Ana iya samun hotunan da aka danganta ga Georgina Masson a cikin ɗakin karatu na Conway da ke Cibiyar Fasaha ta Courtauld da ke Landan .  Wannan tarin ya mayar da hankali kan Gine-ginen Ikilisiya da na Duniya ta hanyar lokuttan tarihi daban-daban da kuma a faɗin nahiyoyi.

## Littattafan tarihi
Wasu daga cikin ayyukanta da aka buga sun haɗa da:

* *Frederick na Biyu na Hohenstaufen. Rayuwa.* (Secker & Warburg, London 1957) 
* *Gidajen Italiya da Fadaloli*, jerin ' Duniyar Laburare ta Fasaha '. (Thames & Hudson, London 1959) 
* *Lambunan Italiya*, jerin 'Duniyar Laburare ta Fasaha'. (Thames & Hudson, London 1961) 
* *Jagorar Abokin Hulɗa zuwa Roma.* (Collins, London 1965) 
* *Sarauniya Christina.* (Secker Warburg, London 1968) 
* *Sarakunan Renaissance na Italiya.* (Secker Warburg, London 1975) 

## Manazarta
Yanayin netball

Netball sanannen wasanni ne mai halarta a wasu sassan duniya, musamman a ƙasashen Commonwealth of Nations. A cewar IFNA, sama da mutane miliyan 20 suna buga wasan netball a kasashe sama da 72.   Kasashen membobin IFNA sun kasu kashi biyar: Afirka, Amurka, Asiya, Turai da Oceania.&nbsp;

## Afirka
Netball sanannen wasanni ne na mata a wasu sassan Afirka. Kasashen Afirka da yawa suna cikin manyan ashirin da biyar a duniya. Ya zuwa watan Agustan 2015, Afirka ta Kudu ta kasance lamba biyar, Malawi ta kasance lamba shida, Uganda ta kasance goma sha uku, Zambia ta kasance goma ga bakwai, kuma Botswana ta kasance goma ta goma sha tara a duniya.

A Afirka ta Kudu yawan shiga yana da yawa, tare da kashi 40% na 'yan mata na Afirka suna darajar netball a matsayin wasan da suka fi so a shekara ta 2002,  kodayake' yan mata da yawa na Afirka suna da'awar netball a matsayinsu na wasan da suka so ba su taɓa buga shi ba.  Afirka ta Kudu ta kasance wani ɓangare na taron 1960 na ƙasashen Commonwealth a Sri Lanka wanda ya daidaita ka'idojin wasan. Daga 1969 zuwa 1994, an kori Afirka ta Kudu daga gasa a duniya a cikin netball saboda Manufofin wariyar launin fata. A lokacin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Netball ta 1995 Afirka ta Kudu ta ci nasara a kan New Zealand a wasan pool kuma ta kammala ta biyu a bayan Australia. A shekara ta 2000, kungiyar New Zealand ta ziyarci Afirka ta Kudu a karo na farko, inda ta buga wasanni uku na gwaji. A shekara ta 2001, an ƙaddamar da jerin Tri-Nations tsakanin Australia, New Zealand da Afirka ta Kudu, wanda kuma New Zealand ta lashe.

Netball shine shahararren wasan mata a Botswana, Malawi  da Tanzania.  A Botswana netball da farko mata ne ke buga,  tare da maza da ke aiki a matsayin jami'ai, masu horar da masu gudanarwa don wasanni. Har ila yau, akwai 'yan kungiyoyin maza kawai, kodayake an dakatar da mutane da yawa a cikin 2000s don tallafawa kungiyoyin jinsi- jinsi. Kungiyar Netball ta Botswana kamar yadda aka kafa a cikin 1970s kuma ita ce kungiyar kasa da ke da alhakin netball a Botswana. An gabatar da Netball a Tanzania bayan Yaƙin Duniya na I, lokacin da ƙasar ke ƙarƙashin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. Dukkanin makarantun firamare a kasar suna da kotu kuma ana daukar yara zuwa manyan kungiyoyi tun suna ƙarami. An kirkiro kungiyar Netball ta Tanzania (CHANETA) a shekarar 1966 kuma galibi mata ne ke gudanar da ita, kodayake maza na iya taka rawa a horarwa. A cikin shekarun 1970s da 1980s, Kwamitin Wasannin Olympics na Duniya da Majalisar Burtaniya sun inganta wasan netball a Tanzania, amma ba sa son saka hannun jari. 'Yancin tattalin arziki ya ga shahararren raguwar netball a cikin shekarun 1990, kuma yunkurin da aka yi kwanan nan don haɓaka shahararren netball ya kasance mai jinkiri yayin da wasanni ya fi karɓa ga maza. Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta Tanzania ta kammala a matsayi na uku a gasar cin kofin kasashen 2010. 

## Manazarta
Kim Yong-nam

**Kim Yong-nam** (Yaren mutanen Koriya: 김영남; Fabrairu 4, 1928 - Nuwamba 3, 2025) ɗan siyasan Koriya ta Arewa ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Majalisar Koli ta Jama'ar Koriya ta Arewa, daga shekarar 1998 har zuwa 2019. Saboda rike ofishin, an dauke shi a matsayin shugaban kasar Koriya ta Arewa; An yi wa kundin tsarin mulkin kasar kwaskwarima ne da zarar ya bar mulki a shekarar 2019 domin mika wannan mukamin ga shugaban hukumar kula da harkokin jihar, Kim Jong Un. A baya, ya kasance ministan harkokin waje daga 1983 zuwa 1998.An zabe shi memba na Presidium na Jam'iyyar Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) a cikin 2010.
## Rayuwa da aiki
Lissafi na farkon rayuwar Kim sun bambanta. A cewar Fyodor Tertitskiy na NK News, an haife shi Kim Myong-sam ga dangin Koriya-China a ƙauyen Dapu Shihe a Manchuria, a cikin lardin Liaoning na kasar Sin a yanzu, a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, 1928. Tarihin Kim na hukuma ya nuna cewa an haife shi ne a Pyongyang, Koriya, Daular Japan (yanzu Koriya ta Arewa). A cewar kafofin yada labaran Koriya ta Arewa, danginsa sun yi adawa da mamayar Japan. Iyalinsa sun fito daga dangin Jeonju Kim, suna mai da shi dangi mai nisa na dangin Kim. Ya zo Koriya ta Arewa tare da sojojin sa kai na jama'ar kasar Sin a lokacin yakin Koriya kuma ya zabi ya zauna. Jim kadan kafin karshen yakin a shekarar 1953, ya tafi zuwa Tarayyar Soviet karatu. Kwarewarsa tare da Tarayyar Soviet (ciki har da shekaru da yawa na karatu a jami'o'in Rasha) da Sin sun ciyar da aikinsa a harkokin waje.[
## Ritaya da mutuwa
Kim ya yi ritaya a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, 2019, a cikin wani sauyi na gwamnati, yana da shekaru 91, bayan kusan shekaru 21 a matsayin shugaban SPA Presidium kuma kusan shekaru 41 a matsayin memba na Jam'iyyar Politburo (wanda aka fara zaba a cikin kungiyar a watan Agusta 1978). A lokacin bikin ranar Kafuwar Jamhuriya ta 2022, ya halarci babban taron kade-kade da liyafa wanda ya gudana a farfajiyar babban dakin taro na Mansudae. A cikin 2024, ya halarci bikin bikin cika shekaru 30 na mutuwar Kim Il Sung.

A cewar Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Koriya ta Tsakiya, Kim ya kasance yana karbar maganin cutar kansar hanji a gadon asibiti tun watan Yunin 2024. Ya mutu sakamakon raunin gabobi da yawa a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2025, yana da shekaru 97. KCNA ta kuma ruwaito cewa shugaban Koriya ta Arewa Kim Jong Un ya ziyarci gawar Kim Yong-nam domin jajantawa kan rasuwarsa. An binne shi a makabartar shahidan Patriotic da ke Pyongyang, bayan jana'izar da aka yi a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba.

## Manazarta
Hilda Martindale

**Hilda Martindale** CBE (12 Maris 1875 &#x2013; 18 Afrilu 1952) ma'aikaciyar gwamnati ce kuma marubuciya 'yar Birtaniya, kuma 'yar Louisa Martindale .    Ta kasance fitacciyar mai fafutukar inganta yanayin aiki, musamman na mata.  Wasiyyarta ta kafa Hilda Martindale Trust a shekarar 1952 don tallafawa matan Birtaniya da ke ƙoƙarin kafa kansu a cikin sana'o'in da maza ke mamaye. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Hilda Martindale a ranar 12 ga Maris, 1875 a Leytonstone . Mahaifiyarta ita ce Louisa Martindale, wacce aka haifa a lokacin Spicer, 'yar Birtaniya mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata da kuma mai rajin kare hakkin mata.  Mahaifinta William Martindale ne, wani ɗan kasuwa a birnin da ya mutu kafin a haife ta. Babbar 'yar uwarta Dr. Louisa Martindale (wanda aka sanya wa suna bayan mahaifiyarsu) fitacciyar likita ce.

Da farko an koyar da ita daga gwamnatoci a Switzerland da Jamus kafin ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Brighton (wanda yanzu ita ce Brighton Girls ).  Ta ci gaba da karatu a Kwalejin Royal Holloway sannan daga baya ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Bedford .  A tsakanin 1900-1901 ta yi yawo a duniya tana nazarin yadda ake kula da yara. 

## Aiki da fafutuka
A shekara ta 1901, ta zama mai duba masana'anta a Ofishin Harkokin Cikin Gida .  Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da suka yi aikin duba masana'antu a Birtaniya.  A shekara ta 1903 ta rubuta wani muhimmin rahoto game da gubar gubar a cikin aikin tubali.   shekara ta 1904 ita da mahaifiyarta suka halarci taron mata na duniya a Berlin.  A shekara ta 1918, ta sami ɗaya daga cikin girmamawar ranar haihuwa ta 1918 ; musamman, an naɗa ta Jami'ar Order of the British Empire (OBE).          Ta zama Kwamandan wannan Order (CBE) a cikin girmamawar ranar haihuwa ta 1935. 

A shekarar 1925, ta zama Mataimakiyar Babban Sufeto na Masana'antu.  A shekarar 1933, ta shiga Ma'aikatar Baitulmali, kuma ta yi ritaya tana da shekaru 65 a shekarar 1937.   Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da suka kai matsayi mafi girma na Ma'aikatar Gwamnati.  Ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Majalisar Whitley kan Tambayar Mata, kuma saboda haka ta yi jayayya kan 'yancin mata na zaɓar ko za su bar aikinsu ko a'a idan sun yi aure, da kuma amincewa da daidaiton albashi. 

Bayan ta yi ritaya, ta rubuta littattafai ciki har da *Tarihin Mata a cikin Aikin Gwamnati*, *Tsarin Zamani Zuwa Wani* (game da iyalinta), *Wasu Hotunan Victorian*, da *Mata Masu Aikin Gwamnati: 1870-1938* . 

## Mutuwa da gado
Martindale ya mutu a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 1952, yana da shekaru 77, a Coleherne Court, South Kensington, London. 

A cikin wasiyyarta, ta naɗa Kwalejin Bedford a matsayin amintaccen Hilda Martindale Trust, wanda "ke ba da kyaututtuka kaɗan ga matan Birtaniya don horarwa ko karatu don aiki a cikin sana'a inda mata ba su da wakilci sosai. Matsakaicin kyautar shine £3,000." 

## Manazarta
Kweku Budu-Acquah

**Kweku Budu-Acquah** ɗan siyasa ne kuma jami'in diflomasiyya na ƙasar Ghana. Ya yi aiki a matsayin jakadan Ghana na farko a Somaliya kuma Ministan ƙasar Ghana da ke zaune a Guinea daga 1962 zuwa 1964. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Jakadan Musamman na Al'ada da kuma Ministan Plenipontentary daga 1964 zuwa 1966 lokacin da aka hambarar da gwamnatin Nkrumah .

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Budu-Acquah a ranar 3 ga Yuni, 1932 a Akobima, wani gari kusa da Saltpond .  Ya yi karatunsa na farko a Bekwai Methodist a yankin Ashanti, sannan ya yi karatun sakandare a Kwalejin Adisadel, Cape Coast .  Daga nan ya tafi Burtaniya inda ya yi karatun Ilimin zamantakewa, Kimiyyar Siyasa da Ilimin Dan Adam a Jami'ar Hull, da Ci gaban Ka'idar Zamantakewa a ƙarƙashin Farfesa Ginsberg a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki da Kimiyyar Siyasa ta London .   Ya kuma yi karatun Hulɗa da Ƙasashen Duniya a ƙarƙashin Farfesa Manning na tsawon shekara guda a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki da Kimiyyar Siyasa ta London.

## Siyasa da Aiki
Kafin ya koma Birtaniya don ƙarin karatu, Budu-Acquah ya yi aiki a matsayin edita a Ashanti Sentinel, Accra Evening News da kuma Kakakin Afirka. A matsayinsa na memba na Jam'iyyar Convention People's Party, ya yi aiki a matsayin sakataren farfagandar jam'iyyar. 

Bayan dawowarsa zuwa Gold Coast, Budu-Acquah ya shiga Cibiyar Akidar Kwame Nkrumah a matsayin ma'aikacin koyarwa. A can, ya koyar da Tattalin Arziki da Kimiyyar Siyasa, sannan daga baya ya yi aiki da Hukumar Harkokin Waje ta Ghana. A shekarar 1961, an nada shi jakadan Ghana na farko a Somalia, inda ya kuma kula da sauran yankunan da ke Gabashin Afirka har sai da suka sami 'yancin kai.  Waɗannan ƙasashe sune; Kenya, Uganda da Tanzania . Tsawon shekaru, dangantakar da ke tsakanin Ghana da Somalia ta yi rauni, kuma a shekarar 1962, gwamnatin Somalia ta nemi a dawo da jakadan Ghana a Somalia zuwa Ghana.  Daga nan aka mayar da Budu-Acquah zuwa Guinea a matsayin Ministan Ghana da ke zaune a Guinea,     ya maye gurbin Stephen Allen Dzirasa wanda aka mayar da shi Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje a matsayin na biyu a cikin kwamanda (Mataimakin Minista).   Bayan shekaru biyu yana aiki a Guinea, an mayar da Budu-Acquah zuwa Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje a matsayin Jakadan Musamman na Musamman kuma Ministan Gabaɗaya. DK Kulevome ya gaje shi.   

## Manazarta
Yawan haifuwa

**Yawan haifuwa** (**GRR**) shine matsakaicin adadin 'ya'ya mata da mace za ta samu idan ta tsira daga duk shekarun haihuwarta, wanda kusan ya kai shekaru 45, dangane da ƙimar haihuwa ta musamman da jima'i a lokacin haihuwa a wannan lokacin. Wannan adadin ma'auni ne na maye gurbin haihuwa idan mutuwa ba ta cikin daidaitattun ba. Sau da yawa ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin yadda ƙarni na 'ya'ya mata ya maye gurbin ƙarni na baya na mata. Idan darajar ta yi daidai da wanda ke nuna cewa mata za su maye gurbin kansu. Idan darajar ta fi daya wanda ke nuna cewa tsara ta gaba ta mata za ta fi na yanzu. Idan darajar ta kasa daya wanda ke nuna cewa tsara ta gaba ta mata za ta kasance ƙasa da na yanzu.

Yawan haifuwa yana kama da yawan haifuwa (NRR), matsakaicin adadin 'ya'ya mata da mace za ta samu idan ta tsira daga rayuwarta dangane da takamaiman yawan haihuwa da Yawan mace-mace a duk wannan lokacin.

## Tsarin

* GRR=\Sigma ASFR_{f'}\times5

Lura cewa ba mu ninka da 1,000 ba saboda sakamakon ga mata ɗaya ba ga mata 1,000 ba.

## Dubi kuma

* Yawan haifuwa na yanar gizo
* Rashin maye gurbin haihuwa
* Adadin haihuwa

## Manazarta
Ejura/Sekyedumase Municipal District

**Gundumar Ejura Sekyedumase** tana ɗaya daga cikin gundumomi arba'in da uku a Yankin Ashanti, Ghana . An kafa **[[Ejura/Sekyedumase Municipal District|Gundumar Ejura Sekyedumase]]** a matsayin majalisar gundumomi ta yau da kullun a shekarar 1988, kuma an kafa ta ne daga sassan **[[Sekyere District|Gundumar Sekyere]]** da Majalisar **[[Offinso Municipal District|Gundumar Offinso]]** ta baya. Daga baya, ta ɗaga matsayin majalisar gundumomi ta birni a ranar 28 ga Yuni 2012. Gundumar tana cikin arewacin Yankin Ashanti, kuma Ejura ita ce babban birninta.

## Manazarta
Eleanor Margolies

Eleanor Margolies marubuciya ce a fannin wasan kwaikwayo kuma tana da Jocelyn Herbert Fellowship na farko a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Landan, ƙwararre a fannin Tarihin Jocelyn Herbert na ƙirar dandamali.

A babban zaɓen Burtaniya na 2017, Margolies ta tsaya a matsayin 'yar takarar jam'iyyar London Green Party ga Camberwell da Peckham .    A shekarar 2019, ta kasance lamba 5 a jerin 'yan jam'iyyar Green Party na yankin London a zaɓen Majalisar Tarayyar Turai . Ba a zaɓe ta a kowane lokaci ba.

## Littattafai da aka zaɓa

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## Manazarta
Hagenhufendorf

***Hagen''Hufen**** (pronunciation Jamusanci: [ˈhaːɡn̩ˌhuːfn̩dɔʁf]; kuma *Bachhufendorf*, **Hägerhufensiedlung** ko Hägerhufensied lung) wani yanki ne mai tsawo, mai kama da *Reihendorf*, wanda aka shimfiɗa tare da hanyar da ke gudana daidai da rafi, inda kawai gefe ɗaya na hanya yana da gidaje, yayin da a gefen da ke gaba akwai hides (Hufen), filayen manomi masu kama da na asali na zamani, kimanin 20 zuwa yankin.

== Sunan ==
Wannan kalmar Jamusanci mai yiwuwa an samo ta ne daga *Hagenrecht* ("dama na hedging"), watau mai shi yana da damar rufe ƙasar da ya yi amfani da ita. Wannan ya ci gaba har ma da *Hägerhufensiedlungen*, inda akwai *Hägerjunker* mai kula da kotuna na musamman da ke hulɗa da batutuwan kewaye, *Hägergerichte*.

== Bayyanawa ==
*Hagenhufensiedlung* wani nau'i ne na tsarawa wanda ya dace da High Middle Ages wanda ya kunshi yankunan mallakar mutum wanda aka ɗaure tare a cikin layi. Fatsun sun kasance masu faɗi kamar gonar, amma suna iya zama daruruwan mita.

An yi amfani da filayen da aka rufe a matsayin lambunan kayan lambu da kuma kiyaye kananan dabbobi. Kogin da ke bayan gidajen gona ya samar da ruwan da ake bukata. Daga wannan nau'in sulhu, ƙauyuka masu tsawo kamar Auhagen, Wiedensahl, Isernhagen, Kathrinhagen ko Rodewald a Lower Saxony. Ana iya samun *Hagenhufensiedlungen* daga yankin Taunus har zuwa Yammacin Pomerania. *Hägerhufensiedlung* an ƙuntata shi ne ga wani yanki a yankin Weser Uplands, Leine Uplands da Lippe.

== Asalin ==
*Hagenhufendörfer* ya samo asali ne daga shirin da aka tsara na yankunan gandun daji, galibi a karni na 13, tare da manufar sharewa da noma ƙasar. Wadannan ƙauyuka suna da [[lokator]] tare da ɓoye biyu (*Doppelhufe*). *Hägerhufensiedlungen* ya koma Yarjejeniyar [[Eschershausen#History|Eschershausen]] ta ƙarni na 11. Kodayake ba su da ɓoye sau biyu kuma ba su da lokator, suna da haƙƙin kewaye na musamman (*Hägerrecht*).

== Yankin ==
*Hagenhufendörfer* sun zama ruwan dare a yankunan Börde, a kan Filin Arewacin Jamus nan da nan a arewacin Tsakiyar Tsakiya Jamus. Yankin da aka fi sani, tare da irin waɗannan ƙauyuka da yawa, shine yankin da ke kusa da Stadthagen, wanda aka kafa shi a matsayin garin da aka tsara a tsakiyar filin da za a zauna, tsakanin Dajin Schaumburg da Bückebergen. Ba za a iya yin *Hägerhufensiedlungen'' na filin mai kyau a cikin ƙauyuka ba.

## Tushen

* Andreas Reuschel: Hagenhufensiedlungen ko "Hägerhufensiedlung" a cikin Ithbörde? Ein Beitrag zur Ausdifferen tasoshin da aka yi a Bonn 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20110725114045/http://hss.ulb.uni-bonn.de:90/2010/1978/1978.htm
Alamun Amber

**Amber Mary Marks** (an haife ta a watan Oktoba 1977) lauya ce kuma marubuciya 'yar Birtaniya.  Bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin lauya a fannin shari'a na sirri da kuma a ma'aikatar shari'a ta gwamnatin Burtaniya, ta fara bincike kan yadda ake ƙara yawan amfani da karnukan da ke yin ƙamshi da sauran hanyoyin sa ido kan ƙamshi .  Ta rubuta labarin bincikenta na kasuwar da ta shahara, *Headspace* (wanda aka buga a 2008); dangane da wannan littafin, wasu manyan jaridun Ingila sun buga labaran da ko game da ita.  Tana kuma aiki a fannin kimiyyar binciken laifuka da fasahar shari'a. Ita ce amintaccen kamfanin Release . 

Marks ta koyar a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London, Queen Mary, Jami'ar London da kuma Kwalejin King's ta London . Tana kuma jagorantar Cibiyar Shari'a ta Laifuka da ke QMUL. 

Mahaifin Marks tsohon malami ne, wanda aka yanke wa hukuncin safarar miyagun kwayoyi, kuma marubuciya Howard Marks, mahaifiyarta kuma marubuciya ce Judy Marks.

## Ayyuka

* [Marks, A. (2006)](https://web.archive.org/web/20080726183338/http://www.surveillance-and-society.org/articles4(3)/olfactory.pdf) . Karnukan gano ƙwayoyi da kuma ci gaban sa ido kan ƙamshi: Bayan bin doka? *Kulawa da Al'umma*, 4, 257–271.
* Marks, A. (2008). *Headspace* . London: Littattafan Virgin.  .
* Marks, A. da sauransu (2008) . Fasahar Kula da Laifuka: Zuwa Tsarin Nazari da Ajandar Bincike. *Fasahar Daidaita Ka'idoji*, ed. R. Brownsword, K. Yeung. Oxford: Hart. ISBN&nbsp; .
* An bayyana Bladerunner da biometrics: Heathrow T5 . *The Register*, 26 Maris 2008.
* Ƙamshi Mai Zafi . Jaridar *The Guardian*, 31 Maris 2008.
* Kada Ku Kashe Ni: Za mu iya amincewa da sabbin makamai waɗanda ake tsammanin ba za su kashe mutane ba?  . *Prospect*, 4 Yuli 2009.

## Manazarta
Jerin shafukan Superfund a Washington, DC

Wannan **jerin wuraren [[Superfund]] ne a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]]** da aka ware a ƙarƙashin Dokar Amsawa da Muhalli, Diyya, da Alhaki Mai Kyau.

## Manazarta
Jo Marchant

**Jo Marchant** 'yar jarida ce mai zaman kanta ta Ingila kuma marubuciya wacce ta ƙware a fannin kimiyya da tarihi. Tana da digirin farko a fannin ilmin kwayoyin halitta daga Jami'ar Leicester  da kuma digirin PhD a fannin ilmin kwayoyin halitta. 

## Sana'a
Marchant ta fara aikinta a matsayin marubuciyar kimiyya da edita, tana aiki a matsayin edita a mujallar kimiyya ta *Nature* da kuma editan ra'ayi a mujallar *New Scientist* da ke Landan.  Ta bayar da gudummawa ga manyan wallafe-wallafe da dama, ciki har da *Scientific American*,  *New Scientist*,  *Aeon*,  da *Smithsonian Magazine* . 

Ita ce marubucin littattafai da dama, ciki har da:

* *Fahimtar Sama* (2009), bincike kan tarihi da mahimmancin tsarin Antikythera 
* *Sarkin Inuwa* (2013), nazarin rayuwar lahira da kuma gadon kimiyya na Tutankhamun
* *Maganin Cure: Tafiya zuwa Kimiyyar Hankali Kan Jiki* (2016), wanda ke bincika alaƙar tunani da jiki kuma an zaɓe shi don kyautar Littafin Kimiyyar Zuba Jari ta Royal Society Insight a 2016  
* *Duniyar Dan Adam: Wayewa da Taurari* (2020), wanda ke bincika yadda taurari suka tsara tarihin ɗan adam, tunaninsa, da tsarin imani 

Marchant ta ce ra'ayin littafinta na farko, *Decoding the Heavens*, "ya samo asali ne a watan Nuwamba na 2006, lokacin da nake edita a mujallar kimiyya ta Nature. An shirya buga wata takarda ta bincike wadda ke bayyana yadda wata tsohuwar na'ura mai sarkakiya mai suna Antikythera mechanism take aiki. Labarin ya kama ni nan take, kuma na yi matukar bukatar sanin ƙarin bayani game da wannan na'urar mai ban mamaki. Na yi tafiya zuwa Athens don ganin ragowar na'urar, da kuma saduwa da waɗanda suka yi nazarinta da kuma jin labaransu."

An ba ta kyautar Watson, Helen, Miles, da Audrey Davis ta shekarar 2023 daga ƙungiyar Tarihin Kimiyya don *Cosmos na ɗan adam* . 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Marchant tana zaune a Herne Hill, Kudancin London, tare da abokin zamanta da 'ya'yansu biyu. 

## Manazarta
Oriel Malet

**Lady Auriel Rosemary Malet Vaughan** (20 January 1923 &#x2013; 14 October 2014) was a Welsh-born author of literary fiction and biographies, who wrote under the name of **Oriel Malet**. Among her works is a fictionalized biography of the Scottish child poet and writer Marjory Fleming and a volume charting her 30-year friendship with Daphne Du Maurier.

## Iyali
Iyayenta su ne Ernest Edmund Henry Malet Vaughan, Earl na 7 na Lisburne, da Maria Isabel Regina Aspasia de Bittencourt.  Mahaifiyarta ita ce 'yar wasan kwaikwayo kuma mawaƙiya 'yar Faransa Yvonne Arnaud, wadda Malet ta rubuta game da ita a cikin littafinta *Marraine: A Portrait of My Godmother* (1961). 

## Rayuwa da aiki
Bayan ta shafe yarinta a Wales, Malet ta rubuta littafinta na farko tana da shekaru 17, *Trust in the Springtime*, wanda aka buga a shekarar 1943. Bayan haka sai aka buga *My Bird Sings* (1946), wanda aka ba ta kyautar John Llewellyn Rhys a wannan shekarar. Daga cikin sauran ayyukanta akwai tarihin rayuwar Marjory Fleming, mawaƙiya kuma marubuciya, wadda aka rubuta lokacin da Malet take da shekaru 20.  Malet ta shafe mafi yawan rayuwarta a Faransa . Bayan da ta fara ƙaura zuwa Paris, ta zauna a Eure, Normandy .

Malet aboki ne na kud da kud ga marubuciya Daphne du Maurier . An rubuta abotarsu a cikin Wasiku daga Menabilly : Portrait of a Friendship (1994), tarin wasiƙun du Maurier zuwa Malet tsawon shekaru 30, tare da sharhin Malet.

## Littattafan tarihi

* *Tsuntsuna Na Waƙa* (1945) : London, Faber
* *Marjorie Fleming* (1946) : London, Faber
* *Sa'ar Mafari* (1952) : London, Chatto da Windus
* *Marraine: Hoton Mahaifiyata* (1961/1965) : London, Heinemann
* *Wasiku daga Menabilly: Hoton Abota* (1994)

## Manazarta
Kudancin Kerry Greenway

Hanyar **South Kerry Greenway** hanya ce ta layin dogo mai launin kore a County Kerry, Ireland . An yi niyyar ta kasance tsawon  idan aka kammala ta kuma ta fara daga Glenbeigh zuwa Cahersiveen .  Hanya ce ta waje da hanya da aka yi niyya ga masu kekuna da masu tafiya a kan hanyar layin Farranfore-Valentia Harbour, wanda aka buɗe a shekarar 1893 kuma aka rufe a shekarar 1960. Layin ya kasance ƙarƙashin jagorancin Babban Layin Dogon Kudu da Yammacin Turai . 

A watan Yulin 2021, an yi watsi da ƙalubalan shari'a da aka yi wa izinin tsara Greenway da kuma umarnin sayayya na tilas da suka shafi hakan, da kuma tasirin muhalli. An sanar da cewa za a tantance aikace-aikacen izinin ɗaukaka ƙara da ƙarin ƙalubale a watan Nuwamba na 2021.   A ranar 15 ga Oktoba 2021, an ruwaito cewa an amince da izinin tsara gina Greenway.  Nan da Disamba 2021, an fara shari'ar Kotun Ƙoli .  A ranar 8 ga Fabrairu 2022, Kotun Ƙoli ta ƙi aikace-aikacen neman izinin ɗaukaka ƙara, kuma Majalisar Gundumar Kerry ta sanar da cewa za ta iya "ci gaba da gina Greenway".   Tun daga watan Mayu na 2023, ana kan gina Greenway. 

Ya zuwa watan Disamba na 2023, Majalisar Gundumar Kerry ta ba da shawarar cewa za a naɗa "babban ɗan kwangila" don ayyukan a tsakiyar 2024 kuma za a iya kammala hanyar kore nan da tsakiyar 2026.  Tun daga tsakiyar 2025, babu wani shiri na buɗe wani sashe kafin ƙarshen 2025.   Shawarwari ga jama'a kan sashen Cahersiveen zuwa Reenard ya fara a watan Oktoba na 2024. 

## Manazarta
Elisabeth Mace

**Elisabeth Mace** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1933) marubuciya ce 'yar Birtaniya a fannin almarar hasashe ta matasa .

Littattafan farko da ta rubuta sun ƙunshi littattafai uku na littattafan bayan ƙarshen zamani, waɗanda suka fara da Ransome Revisited (1975).  Littafinta na ƙarshe da aka buga shi ne Under Siege (1988), inda haruffan wasan bidiyo suka bayyana.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Elisabeth Mace at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
Gidauniyar GoodPlanet

**Gidauniyar GoodPlanet** ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wadda Yann Arthus-Bertrand ya kafa a shekarar 2005, tana tallafawa muhalli da ci gaba mai ɗorewa . 

## Ayyuka
Gidauniyar GoodPlanet ta fi mayar da hankali ne kan rarraba takardu na koyarwa da kuma shirya abubuwan da za su wayar da kan jama'a game da muhimmancin ci gaba mai dorewa kamar bikin fina-finai na muhalli "GoodPlanet" a Rio de Janeiro, baje kolin "wasu biliyan 6",  tarurruka da abubuwan da za a yi ga kamfanoni .

Yana ƙirƙirar fosta ga cibiyoyin ilimi game da batutuwa kamar haɓaka Fim ɗin Bee,  bambancin halittu,  da dazuzzuka.  Yana buga kundin kayayyakin masu amfani da yake ɗauka suna da alhakin muhalli . 

Tana kuma shirya ayyukanta ta hanyar gidajen yanar gizo. Tana jagorantar actioncarbone.org, wani shiri na tallata hannun jari da nufin rage fitar da hayakin hayaki mai gurbata muhalli, wanda ya haɗa da sabis na daidaita fitar da hayakin 2 .  Tana kuma kula da shafin, goodplanet.info, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 2009, wanda gidan yanar gizo ne na ilimi wanda aka yi niyya don sanar da jama'a game da ci gaba mai ɗorewa.  Tana ba da kuɗaɗen ayyukan makarantu da ayyukan kiyaye muhalli.

A shekara ta 2009, an zaɓi magajin garin Bordeaux, Alain Juppé, a matsayin mataimakin shugaban GoodPlanet.  Ta kula da rarraba Human a duniya wanda aka fara a ranar 12 ga Satumba, 2015. 

A shekarar 2011, an ambato asusun GoodPlanet a cikin wani rahoton bayanai na majalisar dokoki daga mataimakansa, Geneviève Gaillard da Jean-Marie Sermier, suna neman ƙarin bayyana gaskiya daga ƙungiyoyin muhalli. Suna tambaya musamman gaskiyar cewa asusun ya goyi bayan takarar Qatar a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2022. 

## Manazarta
Majalisar Ginin Green ta Philippines

**Majalisar Gine-ginen Kore ta Philippine** ( **PHILGBC** ) ƙungiya ce ta ƙasa mai zaman kanta, wacce ba ta da riba, wadda ke haɓaka raba ilimi kan ayyukan kore ga masana'antar kadarori don tabbatar da yanayi mai ɗorewa. An shirya ta ne don yin aiki a matsayin murya ɗaya a cikin haɓaka ayyukan gine-ginen kore na gaba ɗaya da na kasuwa, don sauƙaƙe raba bayanai da ayyukan ginin kore a masana'antar gini, da kuma yin aiki a matsayin wurin da ba na jam'iyya ba don haɓaka Tsarin Ƙimar Gine-gine na Kore na BERDE.   

A farkon shekarar 2006, ƙungiyar masu fafutukar kare muhalli da shugabannin kasuwanci sun haɗu don kafa PHILGBC tare da fahimtar cewa ana buƙatar ƙungiya don haɓaka gine-gine masu kyau da kuma daidaita ƙoƙarin dorewa. PHILGBC, wacce aka haɗa a cikin 2007, tana fafutukar sauya tsarin ƙira, gini da hanyoyin gudanarwa na masana'antar zuwa ayyukan da suka shafi muhalli da zamantakewa, aminci da lafiya, da kuma yanayi mai wadata wanda ke inganta rayuwar jama'a. 

PHILGBC memba ne da aka kafa a Majalisar Gine-gine ta Duniya (WorldGBC) kuma memba ne na Cibiyar Sadarwa ta Yankin Duniya ta Duniya - Asiya Pacific. 

## Ginawa don Ingantaccen Tsarin Tsarin Kula da Muhalli
PHILGBC ce ta ƙirƙiro Shirin Gina Tsarin Ingantaccen Tsarin Kula da Muhalli (BERDE) a matsayin martani mai dacewa ga buƙatar masana'antar gine-gine ta Philippines na magance mummunan tasirin sauyin yanayi a ɓangaren kadarori.

An ƙirƙiro Tsarin Ƙimar Gine-gine na BERDE Green a ƙarƙashin Shirin BERDE. Kayan aiki ne don aunawa, tabbatarwa da kuma sa ido kan ayyukan gine-gine sama da ƙa'idodi da ƙa'idodi na dole na gini da muhalli. Kayan aikin ƙima yana da alaƙa da juna kuma ana cimma shi ta hanyar shawarwari da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin masu ruwa da tsaki. Kimantawa da Takaddun Shaida na BERDE abin dogaro ne, ba tare da son kai ba, daidaito da rashin son kai kuma ana cimma shi ta hanyar tsarin takardar shaida na ɓangare na uku wanda ya dace da ƙa'idodin duniya. 

An amince da BERDE a matsayin Tsarin Rage Gine-gine na Ƙasa na Sojan Sama na Philippines ta hanyar Shirin Inganta Makamashi na Philippine: Ingancin Gine-gine (PEEP-EBI) na Ma'aikatar Makamashi. 

## Gina Kore
An fara shi a shekarar 2007, Building Green shine jerin taruka na Majalisar Gine-gine ta Philippine wanda ke nuna ayyukan kore na yanzu a masana'antar. Yana nuna sabbin sabbin hanyoyin kirkire-kirkire a fannin kayayyakin gini, gine-gine, injiniyanci da gini kamar yadda kwararru da masu hazaka a masana'antar suka fara. An fara jerin tarukan ne a matsayin wurin tattaunawa kan gine-gine kore da kuma kara bunkasa da kuma bunkasa BERDE, a matsayin Tsarin Rage Gine-gine na Kasa.

## Manazarta
Ma'aikatar Muhalli (Sri Lanka)

**Ma'aikatar Muhalli**  (Sinhala; Tamil) ita ce ma'aikatar majalisar ministoci ta Gwamnatin Sri Lanka tare da kula da muhalli da shirin ci gaban Mahaweli, da kuma ci gaban Kogin Mahaweli, kewayensa da al'ummomin da ke zaune a cikin 'yankunan ci gaban Mahaweli' da aka ayyana.  

Tun daga ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2017, ma'aikatar ta haramta amfani da polythene mai kauri ƙasa da microns 20 don amfani, sayarwa ko rarrabawa, da kuma amfani, sayarwa ko rarraba kwantena da kayan abinci na polystyrene.

## Jerin ministoci

; Bukukuwa

## Manazarta
The Crack (hanya)

Hanyar **Crack** hanya ce mai tsawon kilomita 7.5 a waje da baya da ke cikin Killarney Provincial Park a Ontario, Kanada .  An san ta da tsaunin quartzite wanda ke haifar da kama da tsagewa a cikin dutsen da ke cike da duwatsu, da kuma ra'ayoyin tsaunuka da tafkuna a kololuwar.

## Bayani
Hanyar ta fara ne a ƙasa mai laushi, wanda aka haɗa da La Cloche Silhouette Trail (46°02′39′′N 81°19′27′′W / 46.0441°N 81.3243°W / 46. 0441; -81.3243. Yayin da hanyar La Cloche Silhouette Trail ta rabu bayan kilomita 1.5 kawai, ana ba masu tafiya damar ci gaba da tafiya ko ɗaukar hanyar La Cloches Silhouette kamar yadda aka saba. Ci gaba tare, bayan 0.3 karin kilomita, masu tafiya za su iya ganin ganin gashin kansu na farko na duwatsu daga Kakakise Wood Bridge wanda ke haye Tafkin Kakakise.  Masu tafiya za su ci gaba a bakin tekun wanda ke da wurare da yawa da za a iya amfani da su don yin iyo na kilomita 0.8 na gaba.

A wannan lokacin, za su fara hawan dutsen. Da farko, za su bi ta tsaunuka masu tsayi da dazuzzuka, kuma za su fara ganin tarkacen duwatsu.  Bayan tafiyar kilomita 0.6, dajin zai ƙare saboda ƙasa za ta zama quartzite a wannan lokacin, don haka mai tafiya zai sami kallon tsaunukan da ke kewaye .  Bayan kilomita 0.4, za su haɗu da The Crack, wani kwari a cikin dutsen da ke cike da duwatsun da duwatsun da suka faɗo daga wani dutse mai yankewa suka ƙirƙira, kamar tsagewa a cikin tsaunuka, wanda aka sanya wa hanyar suna.       Ana buƙatar mai tafiya ya hau duwatsun ta wannan kwarin don ya ci gaba. 

Bayan hawa ta cikin dutsen quartzite da aka rufe na kilomita 0.2, mai tafiya zai kai ga taron (46°03′41′′N 81°20′54′′W / 46.0614°N 81.3482°W / 46.06.14; -81.3482 (The Crack Trail, taron), inda za a gaishe su da hangen nesa na Killarney Lake, OSA Lake, Georgian Bay, da tsaunuka da kewaye.

## Asalin Ma'anar
An sanya wa Crack suna ne bayan wani kwarin da ke cikin dutsen da ke cike da duwatsu da wani dutse ya ƙirƙira, wanda yake kama da tsagewar dutse saboda yanayin yankewar kwarin mai kauri da tsauri.      

## Hotunan Hotuna

## Manazarta
Donna Jean Godchaux

**Donna Jean Thatcher Godchaux-MacKay** (Agusta 22, 1947 - Nuwamba 2, 2025) mawaƙiyar Amurka ce wacce aka fi sani da memba na rukunin rock band the Grateful Dead daga 1972 zuwa 1979. Baya ga Matattu, ta yi wasa tare da Jerry Garcia Band da ɗan gajeren rayuwa tare da mijinta na farko na Heart of God Band, duk da mijinta na farko na Heart of God. Ta kafa ƙungiyar Donna Jean Godchaux a cikin 2006.

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Donna Jean Thatcher a Florence, Alabama, a ranar 22 ga Agusta, 1947.Kafin 1970, ta yi aiki a matsayin mawaƙa  a Muscle Shoals, Alabama, a ƙarshe ta rera waƙa tare da ƙungiyar da ake kira Southern Comfort kuma ta fito a matsayin mawaƙin madadin akan aƙalla lamba biyu da aka buga waƙa: "Lokacin da Namiji Yana Son Mace" ta Percy Sledge a cikin 1966 da kuma "Tspicious Minds" na Elvis Presley Boz Scaggs da Duane Allman, Cher, Joe Tex, Neil Diamond da sauran su ne suka nuna muryoyinta akan wasu rikodi. Daga nan ta ƙaura zuwa California kuma ta sadu da ƴan uwanta na gaba mai godiya Matattu Memba Keith Godchaux, wanda ta aura a 1970.

Donna ya gabatar da Keith ga Jerry Garcia bayan wasan Garcia a San Francisco's Keystone Korner a watan Satumba 1971. A lokacin, Donna ba ta aiki a matsayin mawaƙa. Ta shiga ƙungiyar jim kaɗan bayan haka, ta kasance memba har zuwa Fabrairu 1979.
## Manazarta
Center for the Greek Language

Cibiyar Harshen Girkanci (Girkanci: Κέντρο Ελληνικής Γλώσσας) ƙungiya ce ta al'adu da ilimi wacce ke da nufin haɓaka yaren Girka da al'adun. An kafa Ƙungiyar a shekara ta 1994. Cibiyar tana da tushen a Thessaloniki, kuma tana da ofishi a Athens. Cibiyar Harshen Hellenanci tana aiki a matsayin ƙungiya mai daidaitawa, ba da shawara da dabaru na Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Girka game da lamuran ilimin harshe da manufofin. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da samar da kayan aiki da tallafi ga mutanen da ke koyon Girkanci a matsayin harshe na waje.Yana da alaƙa da Jami'ar Aristotle ta Thessaloniki.

## Hanyoyin hadin waje

* 
* Portal for the Greek language and language education

## Manazarta
Seoul National University Korean Language Education Center

Cibiyar Ilimin Harshen Koriya ta Jami'ar Seoul tana ba da Koriya a matsayin koyarwar yaren waje ga baƙi a Koriya. Ana zaune a Gwanak-gu, Seoul, shirin yana ɗaya daga cikin shirye-shiryen yaren Koriya uku da Gidauniyar Blakemore ta amince da ita don Tallafin Nazari na Ci gaba na 2013.

## Dubi kuma

** ilimin harshe King Sejong Cibiyar 
** Yaren Koriya a matsayin harshen waje  
** Cibiyar Harshen Koriya ta Jami'ar Myongji 
** Cibiyar Harshen Koriya ta Jami'ar Yonsei 
** Cibiyar Ilimin Harshen Koriya ta Jami'ar Sogang 
** Jami'ar Busan na Nazarin Harkokin Waje

## Manazarta
International Association for Korean Language Education

**Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Ilimin Harshen Koriya** (IAKLE; Korean: 국제한국어교육학회; Hanja: 國際韓國敎育學會), an kafa ta a cikin 1985, kuma ita ce babbar ƙungiyar masu koyar da harshen Koriya. Shugabanta na farko shine Fred Lukoff na Jami'ar Washington.

## Manazarta
Cibiyar Harsunan Koriya ta Jami'ar Myongji

Cibiyar Harshen Koriya ta Jami'ar Myongji (Yaren mutanen Koriya: 한국어학당; Hanja: 韓國語學堂) cibiya ce a Seoul, Koriya ta Kudu wacce ke ba yaren Koriya a matsayin kwasa-kwasan yaren waje. An kafa shi a cikin 2008 kuma yana ba da ilimin harshe ga ɗaliban gwamnatin Koriya ta Kudu. A halin yanzu akwai ɗalibai 500 daga ƙasashe daban-daban sama da 19.

## Bayyani
Shekarar ilimi ta ƙunshi semesters 4 (Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter) wanda aka bayar a cikin matakan 5. Akwai azuzuwan kwanaki 5 a mako (Litinin zuwa Juma'a), awa 4 a rana.

## Taro day ayyuka

# Daidaitawa yana ba da gabatarwa gaba ɗaya na cibiyar da rayuwa a Koriya ta Kudu. 
# Da zarar semester, ana ba da abubuwa iri-iri don fuskantar al'adun Koriya da tarihin Koriya.
# Bikin Takaddun Shaida don Fitattun Kwarewa da Halartar Ilimi.

## Dubi kuma

* Koyon harshe Cibiyar King Sejong 
* Yaren Koriya a matsayin harshen waje 
* Cibiyar Harshen Koriya ta Jami'ar Yonsei 
* Cibiyar Ilimin Harshen Koriya ta Jami'ar Kasa ta Seoul 
* Cibiyar Ilimin Harshen Koriya ta Jami'ar Sogang Jami'ar Busan na Nazarin Harkokin Waje

## Hanyoyin hadin waje

* Myongji University

## Manazarta
Guerrero

**Guerrero**,  a hukumance Free and Sovereign State of Guerrero,  yana ɗaya daga cikin jihohi 31 da suka hada Mexico 32 Ƙungiyoyin Tarayya 32 na Mexico. An raba ta zuwa ƙananan hukumomi 85 Tana da yawan jama'a kusan miliyan 3.5. Babban birnin shine, Chilpancingo kuma babban birnin shine Acapulco, wasu biranen Guerrero sun hada da Petatlán, Ciudad Altamirano, Taxco, Iguala, Ixtapa, da Zihuatanejo. Shi ne gida ne ga al'ummomin Afro-Mexicans a yankin Costa Chica.

An sanya wa jihar suna ne bayan Vicente Guerrero, daya daga cikin fitattun shugabannin a yakin neman 'yancin Mexico kuma shugaban Mexico na biyu.

Jihar tana da tsaunuka kuma tana da tsawo tare da filayen da aka iyakance ga ƙananan mesas da bakin Tebur Pacific. Aikin noma da hakar ma'adinai suna da mahimmanci ga tattalin arzikin jihar, tare da samar da amfanin gona kamar ayaba, kofi, shinkafa, masara, da sukari, da kuma hakar jan ƙarfe, azurfa, da zinariya.

## Tarihin

### Lokacin da ya gabata da kuma Pre-Columbian

Mutane na farko a cikin jihar sun kasance mafarautan mafarauta waɗanda suka bar shaidar wanzuwarsu a cikin kogo daban-daban tun kimanin shekaru 20,000 da suka gabata. Har zuwa kusan shekaru 8,000 da suka gabata, yanayin yanayi ya fi na ɗan adam fifiko fiye da na yau; duk da haka, zaman jama'a na zaman jama'a ya faru a daidai wannan lokacin a cikin yankunan tsaunuka da ƙarin danshi, da ƙasa mafi kyau ga noma. Bayan haka, ƙauyuka sun bayyana a kusa da bakin teku saboda kamun kifi. A waɗannan wuraren, an sami shaidar saƙa, yumbu, kwando da sauran sana'o'i. A wannan lokacin, hatsi da ake kira teointle, ko farkon masara, ya zama babban abincin.

## Manazarta
Korean language education in Russia

**Ilimin harshen Koriya a Rasha** ya haɗa da koyo a kwalejoji da jami'o'i na Rasha, makarantu, da cibiyoyi. 

Tun daga 2018, Yaren Koriya shine na uku mafi shaharar yaren waje a cikin Rasha. Rasha tana da mafi girma na huɗu mafi girma adadin harshen Koriya na matakin jami'a da azuzuwan karatun Koriya da shirye-shirye.

## Tarihi
Rasha ita ce kasa ta farko ta Turai da ta fara koyar da yaren Koriya a matakin jami'a. A cikin 1897, Jami'ar Jihar St. Petersburg ta kafa shirin harshen Koriya. 

A cikin 2010s, adadin jami'o'in da ke ƙara azuzuwan yaren Koriya sun ƙaru yayin da sha'awar Koriya ta ƙaru saboda Wave na Koriya.

## Halin da ake ciki Yanxu
Dangane da kididdigar gidauniyar Koriya, Rasha tana ba da adadin azuzuwan harshen Koriya mafi girma na huɗu a duniya.Jami'ar Moscow ta kafa babban yaren Koriya a cikin 2021.

Jami'ar tana ba da darussa daban-daban kamar 'Tsarin Koyarwar Koriya,' 'Culture of Korean Technological Development,' da 'Korean Geography.'

## Dubi kuma

* Koyon harshe 
* Cibiyar King Sejong 
* Yaren Koriya a matsayin harshen waje

## Manazarta
Korean language education in India

**Ilimin harshen Koriya a Indiya** ya haɗa da koyo a kwalejoji da jami'o'i na Indiya, makarantu, da cibiyoyi. 

A cikin 2022, jimlar ɗaliban Indiya 2,342 sun koyi yaren Koriya. A cikin wannan lokacin, fiye da makarantu 20 sun gudanar da azuzuwan yaren Koriya na yau da kullun kuma makarantu 25 sun gudanar da azuzuwan sha'awa na Koriya. Tun lokacin da aka sake fasalin Tsarin Ilimi na Ƙasa na Indiya ya gabatar da Koriya a matsayin ɗayan batutuwan da aka zaɓa don yare na biyu, karɓar azuzuwan yaren Koriya a makarantu a Indiya yana ƙaruwa akai-akai.

## Halin Yanxu
Tun daga Afrilu 2023, kusan ɗalibai 2,500 sun yi rajista a cikin koyon yaren Koriya, gami da azuzuwan 21 na yau da kullun da azuzuwan sha'awa 17.

A cikin manyan makarantu, azuzuwan yaren Koriya yawanci ana samun su don maki 6-8. Koyaya, ɗaliban da suka kammala digiri na 8 ba za su iya ci gaba da karatunsu na Koriya ba saboda manufofin ilimin harshen waje na gida.

Ga Indiyawan masu shekaru 17 zuwa 25, Koriya ta Kudu ta zo ta biyar akan ginshiƙi Mafi Shahararrun Harsuna na Duolingo.

## Dubi kuma

* ilimin harshe King 
* Sejong Cibiyar 
* Yaren Koriya a matsayin harshen waje

## Manazarta
Tampa United Korean School

An kafa makarantar Tampa United Korean School (TUKS) a ranar 5 ga Maris, 1995, lokacin da aka haɗa makarantun Koriya ta gida a yankin Tampa don samar da ingantacciyar cibiyar koyar da harshen Koriya da ilimin al'adu. TUKS kungiya ce mai zaman kanta mai rijista a Florida.

TUKS tana ba da darussa a kan harshen Koriya, al'adu da tarihi, ta hanyar koyar da matakai daban-daban na darussan harshen Koriya (Hangul) da kuma yin abubuwan da suka faru a kan bukukuwan gargajiya na Koriya: Chuseok-Korean (Ranar Godiya), Solnal-Korean (Ranar Sabuwar Shekara), da Ranar Harafi na Koriya (Hangul). Ana bayar da wasu abubuwan musamman na musamman a duk tsawon zangon karatu kamar 'Gasar Kalma', 'Gasar ba da labari', 'Gasar Waƙa', 'Gasar Zana'. Ayyukan kari sun haɗa da koyon Hangul ko da yake waƙoƙin yaran Koriya, fasahar Koriya ta gargajiya, taekwondo, duka ganga ganga na Koriya da gangunan janggu na Koriya, da raye-rayen gargajiya na Koriya. 

TUKS memba ne na "Ƙungiyar Makarantun Koriya ta Kasa" da "Ƙungiyar Florida don Makarantun Koriya".

## Manazarta
Tecoanapa (Birni)

**Tecoanapa** Birni ne mai yawan jama'a a cikin birni Guerrero ta Mexico.

## Bayanan kula
Fim ɗin Amurka *Rambo: Sashe na Jini na Farko II* (1985) an yi fim ɗin a Tecoanapa.

## Manazarta
Colégio Polilogos

**Colégio Polilogos** (Yaren mutanen Koriya: 브라질한국학교) makaranta ce ta duniya ta Koriya ta Kudu a Bom Retiro, São Paulo, Brazil. 

Associação Brasileira de Educação Coreana (ABEC; Korean: 한브교육협회) ne ke sarrafa shi kuma ita ce makarantar rana mafi girma ta Koriya ta duniya a Kudancin Amurka. Gwamnatin Koriya ta Kudu ta amince da ita kuma tana yaruka biyu a cikin yaren Koriya da Fotigal. 

An fara ginin a shekara ta 1996.An bude shi a shekarar 1998.[5] Ma'aikatar Ilimi (Koriya ta Kudu) ta taimaka wajen biyan kudin kafa makarantar, wanda ya dauki biliyan 3.5 na kudade da gudummawar ma'aikatar da wasu biliyan 3.5 na jari. A wani lokaci ba a yi mata rajista a matsayin ƙungiyar sa-kai ba a Brazil, don haka haraji ya fara lalata makarantar a cikin shekaru uku. An rufe a cikin 2017.[2]

## Manazarta
San Marcos, Guerrero

**San Marcos** Gari ne a jihar Guerrero. A halin yanzu yana da 12,000 yawan jama'a.&nbsp;

Garin da karamar hukuma suna cikin abin da aka sani a Mexico da Guerrero" Costa Chica (ƙaramin bakin teku) na Guerrero da Oaxaca. Yana da dogon 125 tare da gabar tekun Pacific; ya fara a kudancin Acapulco kuma ya ƙare kusa da garin Puerto Ángel a cikin makwabciyar jihar Oaxaca.&nbsp;

## Geography
Garin yana da nisan kusan 59&nbsp;km kudu da Acapulco. Yana da nisan 18&nbsp;km cikin ƙasa kuma tare da Babban Titin Tarayya 200, wanda aka sani a gida da babbar hanyar Acapulco – Pinotepa Nacional. Tafiyar kusan awa daya ne kawai daga Acapulco da kuma awanni uku (157&nbsp;km) daga Pinotepa Nacional.

## Manazarta