Kwarin da suka fi tsarki na Basotho

Shekaru dubbai, mutanen Basotho sun yi aikin hajji zuwa cibiyar sadarwa na kogo masu tsarki don sadarwa tare da duniyar ruhaniya. Har ila yau, kogon yana dauke da sawun dinosaur da kuma tsohon zanen dutse.  kogon suna tsakanin sassan gabashin kasar Free da Lesotho .  Ana kwatanta waɗannan kogo masu tsarki a matsayin 'mabuɗin addini' a Kudancin Afirka. 

## Kogo

An san kogo a ko'ina cikin rayuwar ɗan adam, addini, da al'adu a matsayin keɓaɓɓen wurare da suka dace don tunani da tunani. Mutanen Basotho a al'adance suna ɗaukar kogo a matsayin wurin zama na kakanni . Dubban mutane ne ke ziyartan kogon don yin ibada ta ruhaniya .  Kogon Haihuwa suna kwance a wajen Clarens a cikin 'Yancin Jiha a gindin tsaunin Maluti a Lesotho. Wurin Gadon Kogon Matouleng yana 18&nbsp;km daga Clarens . Kogon suna kwance a ƙasa mafi girma na biyu mafi girma na dutse da ya mamaye a Kudancin Ƙasar. Wurin da ke gefen kogon Matouleng karamin gungu ne na kogon, kogon Badimong, da kuma sauran wuraren da ake daukar su a matsayin masu tsarki.

Kogon ba su da takamaiman iko na ruhaniya, sabili da haka, hadewar tsarin imani guda biyu suna kasancewa a cikin kogo, wato Kiristanci da al'adun Afirka. Duk da yake akwai koguna masu tsarki da yawa, mafi shaharar sun kasance kogon Motouleng da kogon Badimong.  

Ana amfani da kogon don dalilai daban-daban:

* tushen ruwan sha,
* tushen ruwa na budurwa,
* wurin gudanar da ayyukan ibada,
* wurin ganawa da jana'iza,
* art galleries,
* watsar da kayan aikin ibada da
* hakar ma'adinai na jan yumbu don bukukuwan.

Basotho da sauran al'adun Afirka sun sami ruwa a matsayin wani abu wanda ke da mahimmanci a kakanninsu don haka koguna da tafkunan da ke cikin kogo suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin bukukuwan da ke faruwa a cikin kogo masu tsarki. 

### Dutsen Mautse
Dutsen Mautse da ke Gabashin 'Yanci ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin 'Dutse Masu Tsarki' tun shekarun 1970. An yi imani cewa ikon warkarwa yana cikin kogo da ke zaune a cikin waɗannan tsaunuka. Ana daukar wadannan kogo a matsayin 'jami'o'in gudanar da al'adun gargajiya' shi ya sa ake yawan samun masu maganin gargajiya a nan. Yawancin masu ba da maganin gargajiya da ke zaune a tsaunuka masu tsarki, sun yi imanin cewa kakanninsu ne suka aiko su domin su warkar da mutane. Yawancin wadannan masu maganin gargajiya suna barin sana’arsu ta zamani bayan da kakanni suka kira su har sai sun kammala aikinsu na waraka. Masu warkarwa na gargajiya suna samun 'kiran' su daga kakanni ta hanyar wahayi da mafarkai kuma sun kasa musun kiran. Kin amincewa da kiran na iya haifar da ciwo ko ma mutuwa.  Wani sangoma ya taba yin ikirarin cewa ya warkar da wani yaro dan shekara 17 daga cutar kanjamau a cikin wadannan kogo. Masu maganin gargajiya na amfani da ruwa daga magudanan ruwa da kuma ganya daga tsaunuka. Mutane da dabbobi suna rayuwa tare cikin jituwa a cikin waɗannan kogo. 

### Motouleng
Kogon Motouleng, ma'ana 'wurin buga ganguna', suna cikin tsaunukan Gabashin Free State da Lesotho, tsakanin Clarens da Fouriesberg. An halicci babban kogon a cikin wani dutsen farar ƙasa da faɗuwar dutse. Wani ƙaramin kogi da tafkuna suna kwance a ƙarƙashin kogon.  Akwai maɓuɓɓuga a ƙofar Motouleng da ake kira 'Sediba sa Bophelo', ma'ana 'Maɓuɓɓugan Rayuwa' inda mutane ke zubar da tsabar kudi don sa'a. Kogon shine 2&nbsp;kilomita daga gona mafi kusa, wanda yake 15&nbsp;km daga Clarens. Mazauna yankin suna tafiya yadda suka ga dama yayin da ake buƙatar baƙi su halarci rangadin shiryarwa don tabbatar da mutunta kakanni. Ana bukatar mata su sanya dogayen siket su rufe kansu saboda girmamawa. 

### Bodimong
Kogon Badimong, ma'ana 'wurin kakanni', wani kwarin ne mai hadadden da ke da kogo da kebabbun wurare. Yankin yana tsakanin Ficksburg da Fouriesburg. An yi imanin waɗannan wurare suna da ruhohi masu ƙarfi. Kusa da waɗannan kogo akwai sanannen wurin yumbu mai tsarki mai suna 'Nkokomoni', ma'ana 'wurin kumburi'.

Dukansu wuraren kogon *Motouleng* da *Bodimong* suna da daraja sosai saboda suna ɗauke da nau'ikan alamomi da yawa ga al'adun Basotho da daidaikun Kirista. 

## Abubuwan ibada
Mutanen da ke yin tsafi a cikin wadannan kogo sun hada da masu sana'ar tsiro, duba da kuma masu maganin gargajiya wadanda dukkansu ke da nufin magance cututtuka da rage bala'i. Suna kuma yin al'ada don kare iyalai, wuraren zama, shanu, da dukiyoyi.  Ana ɗaukar bukukuwan da aka yi a waɗannan wurare masu tsarki a matsayin mahimmanci ga cikakkiyar lafiyar mutum.  &#x5B; ** &#x5D; Ƙungiyoyin kuma suna aiki don yin alama na ƙayyadaddun lokaci na musamman da suka haɗa da haihuwa, balaga, aure, baftisma, har ma da jana'izar. Ana kuma amfani da kogon don gane lokutan girbi da kuma tunawa da abubuwan da suka shafi haɗin kai da kuma bala'o'i kamar yaƙi da yunwa. Wadannan al'adu suna da mahimmanci yayin da suke taimakawa wajen bayyana yanayin zamantakewar al'ummomin Basotho yayin da suke juya 'maza maza' da 'yan mata ga mata'. 

Yankunan a bude suke don kowa ya gani, duk da haka, ana yin wasu al'adu cikin keɓe da keɓe kamar yadda al'ummar Basotho suka yi imanin suna buƙatar girmamawa. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan al'adu suna da zurfi, don haka mutanen da ba su fahimci al'ada ba ko kuma waɗanda ba su iya nuna girmamawa ba a yarda su kalli yadda ayyukansu ko halayensu na iya fusatar da magabata.  An ba da izini kuma an samar da wani takaddun shaida game da ainihin ikon warkarwa a cikin kogo na haihuwa. 

## Art
Ana samun zane-zanen dutsen San dutse a bangon kogwanni masu tsarki. Wadannan zane-zane sun nuna cewa al'ummomin mafarauta sun zauna a cikin wadannan kogo. An kwatanta zane-zanen da ke cikin kogwanni da suna da 'girma na ruhaniya' yayin da fasahar ke nuna abubuwan da suka faru, da dabbobin da ba su dace ba, da sauran abubuwa masu ban mamaki. An samu hatsaniya ta hanyar raye-rayen raye-raye da tafawa a cikin kogo. An kwatanta tunanin a matsayin 'ji na canzawa zuwa ga ruhaniya' inda mutane ke da ikon yakar mugayen ruhohi tare da kariyar ikon dabba. Ana iya ganin zane-zane na da, duk da haka ana ci gaba da lalata su da abubuwan halitta da shanu.  Ana kuma samun sabbin alamomin da aka rubuta cikin Ingilishi a cikin kogo. Yawancin waɗannan suna ba da labarun yadda cutar HIV/AIDS ta haifar da lalacewa a yawancin al'ummomin yankin. 

## Filaye da mallaka
Jagororin yawon shakatawa sun ba da rahoton juriya na farko daga manoma don ba da damar mutane su ziyarci kogon kamar yadda suke a kan kadarorin masu zaman kansu. Wasu manoman na karbar kudin Rand takwas na Afirka ta Kudu domin shiga.  Masarautar Basotho ta yi asarar ƙasarta mai tsarki tsakanin 1843 da 1869 ga mazauna ƙasar. An yi kiraye-kirayen siyasa da yawa da ba su yi nasara ba don dawo da 'kasa da aka rasa'. An yi saurin sake mamaye kogwanni masu tsarki a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Masu mallakar farar fata na yankin ba su yi nasara ba wajen korar sabbin mahajjata. Gwamnati ba ta son sanya dokokin kadarorin masu zaman kansu sama da na damar shiga wuraren addini da na gado. 

Kusa da waɗannan kogo akwai Mautse, ƙauyen baƙar fata, da Rosendal, wata farar fata noma da fasaha.  Mautse al'umma ce mai rauni, saboda t shine ainihin sansanin squatters. Yanayin yanayi, musamman ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya, ya haifar da barna a cikin garin, inda mutane suka rasa matsuguni. A cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata, dan yankin Mautse Lerato Mosala da mai kasuwanci na Rosendal Frik de Jager sun kirkiro Project Nkgono don taimakawa sake gina gidaje a cikin garin.  Ya zuwa yanzu ya kasance kyakkyawan ƙoƙari don haifar da canji a cikin garin.

## Manazarta