Elizabeth Maria Bowen Thompson

**Elizabeth Maria Bowen Thompson** ( née, **Lloyd** ; bayan aure, **Thompson** ; sunan alkalami, **Mrs. Bowen Thompson** ; 1812/13 - 14 Nuwamba 1869) malamar makaranta ce 'yar Burtaniya wacce ta kafa Makarantun Siriya na Burtaniya.  Tun da farko, an kawo ta ƙarƙashin tasirin addini mai ƙarfi.  Bayan ta zama bazawara, ta ƙulla alaƙa da zawarawan Yaƙin Crimea, Tawayen Indiya na 1857, da kuma yakin basasa na Dutsen Lebanon na 1860, kuma ta ba su tallafi. Wasiƙunta masu sauƙi da zane-zane sun ba da labarin rayuwarta.  An buga littafin *<nowiki/>'Ya'yan Siriya* a 1872.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Elizabeth Maria Lloyd a shekara ta 1812/13. Mahaifinta shine Hannibal Evans Lloyd (1770–1847), ƙwararriyar masaniyar falsafa kuma mai fassara daga Welsh  . Mahaifiyarta ita ce Lucy Anna Margaretta von Schwartzkopff (1782/3–1855), daga Hamburg . 

Ta karanta littattafan Turanci na gargajiya a ƙarƙashin mahaifinta, kuma ta sami ilimi game da ɗabi'a daga mahaifiyarta.  Kaka ta uba, mai suna Highlander, da kuma Jacobite, kuma an ce a wata majiya ta ce ta canza tufafi tare da Yarima Charlie kuma ta bar kanta a ɗauke ta a matsayinta, har sai da ya yi nisa. Kakanta ɗan Wales ne, Janar Lloyd, wanda aka sani da mai dabara.  Mahaifin, Hannibal, ya ziyarci Jamus a lokacin Faransa, kuma ya faɗi ra'ayinsa game da yaƙe-yaƙe, kewayewa, da tserewa. 

## Sana'a
A shekara ta 1850, a Landan, ta auri Dr. James Bowen Thompson, [1] wani likita ɗan ƙasar Scotland kuma mai wa'azin addinin Kirista [2] mai irin wannan tausayin addini. [3] Shi ne shugaban Asibitin Siriya na Birtaniya da ke Damascus daga 1843 zuwa 1848. Yana da manyan tsare-tsare ga Siriya, kuma yana fatan buɗe ta ta hanyar samar da layin dogo zuwa Indiya tare da kwarin Euphrates . Bisa ga wannan shirin, miji da mata sun fara zuwa Constantinople, sannan suka zauna a wani fili da likitan ya mallaka kusa da Antakiya . [3] [2]

Ba da daɗewa ba ta ƙware a yaren, kuma ta yi haƙuri da mata da kuma halin da suka shiga na rashin da'a. Ta kafa ƙananan makarantu da dama. A cikin shekara ɗaya da rabi na zama, sun ba wa makarantun kyakkyawan farawa. Da suka tafi, sun ba da gudummawar aikin ga wani malamin Kirista ɗan asalin ƙasar da kuma wasu Armeniya, da fatan za a ci gaba da shi.  

Lokacin da Yaƙin Crimea ya ɓarke a shekarar 1853, Dr. Bowen Thompson ya miƙa wa Gwamnati ƙwarewarsa ta likitanci. Ya sami ilimi sosai game da annobar Gabas, kuma yana son ya ba da hidimarsa ga gwamnatin Ingila. A Balaklava, Dr. Bowen Thompson ya kamu da zazzabin typhoid mai tsanani. Shi ma ya kamu da cutar ja : a matsayinsa na "farar hula", ba za a iya kai shi asibitin soja ba, amma an bar shi a cikin jirgin ruwa a ranar 5 ga Agusta 1855.  Abin ya kasance mummunan abin mamaki, kuma Bowne Thompson ya rubuta wa Sarauniya Victoria, yana bayyana abin da ya faru. An ce Sarauniya ta ɗauki matakan da za su sa a sake yin irin wannan kuskuren. 

Bayan ta binne mijinta, Bowen Thompson ta mayar da ita gida tare da 'yar uwarta a Ingila.  Ta shiga cikin ayyukan zamantakewa. Lokacin da Tawayen Indiya na 1857 (1857–58) ya biyo bayan Yaƙin Crimea, Bowen Thompson ta shiga Kwamitin Lady Mayoress a Gidan Mansion kuma ta sadaukar da kanta ga samar da abubuwan da suka wajaba ga waɗanda abin ya shafa. Ta kafa Ƙungiyar Matan Sojoji a ƙarƙashin kulawar Sarauniya. 

Kisan gillar da ' yan Maronites na Siriya suka yi wa 'yan Maronites a lokacin yakin basasar Dutsen Lebanon na 1860 ya jawo hankalin Bowen Thompson. An kashe dukkan mazan da ke tsakanin shekaru 7-70. Ta bayar da gudummawa da yawa wajen samar da shaguna da tufafi amma tana son zama a Siriya tare da zawarawa.  Ta fara a watan Oktoba na 1860, tana da niyyar yin rabin shekara a Beirut . A can, ta haɗu da wasu daga cikin waɗannan mata don su yi shawara kan abin da ya fi kyau a yi musu. "Muna duban Ingila don ta yi mana adalci saboda jinin mazanmu da 'ya'yanmu maza." 

A shekarar 1860, shirin mafakar masana'antu - wata ƙungiya don inganta yanayin matan Siriya - ya fara bayyana cikin sauri a cikin zuciyarta.  Mata 20,000 sun cika birnin suna sha'awar samun aiki a gyaran hanya, marasa galihu bayan kisan kiyashin. Jahilci da ɗaukar fansa mai zurfi sun fi bayyana su.  Ta buɗe aji a otal ɗinta. Mai gidan da kansa ya zama ɗalibi na farko. Ta sami malamin Larabci. Shirin ya fara gudana. Ta riga ta ga makarantar da za ta yi nan gaba a Beirut. Za a sami azuzuwan yara ƙanana, sashen masana'antu na mata da 'yan mata, sashen neman aiki ga marasa aikin yi, da kuma ɗakin ajiya na kayan da ta yi tsammanin za su fito daga Ingila. A gaskiya ma, makarantar ba ta da matsala. Ta yi sa'a sosai wajen samun haɗin gwiwar Mr. da Mrs. Mott, waɗanda suka sadaukar da kansu don aiwatar da irin wannan burin. Duk wannan ya ba ta damar kafa Ƙungiyar Makarantun Siriya ta Burtaniya, wadda daga ƙarshe za ta zama wani ɓangare na babban aikin ƙungiyar Agajin Gaggawa ta Kiristoci ta Gabas ta Tsakiya (1959) sannan kuma SIM (Serving In Mission) a shekarar 2016.

## Manazarta