Abdul-Muttalib

**Shayba ibn Hāshim**  (Larabci: عَبْد ٱلْمُطَّلِب شَيْبَة ٱبْن هَاشِم‎, ʿ  wanda aka fi sani da ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, (Larabci: Abd al-Muttalib, lit. 'Servant of Muttalib') shi ne shugaba na hudu na kungiyar 'yan kabilar Quraishawa. kuma ya kasance kakan Annabi Muhammad ﷺ. Wato mahaifin Abdullahi dan Abdul-Muttalib baban Annabi.

## Kuruciya
Mahaifinsa kuwa shi ne Hashim bn Abd Manaf,:  zuriyar Banu Hashim mai girma, daga kabilar Kuraishawa ta Makka. Suna da'awar kasancewa zuriyar Isma'il da Ibrahim. Mahaifiyarsa ita ce Salma bint Amr, daga Banu Najjar, daga cikin kabilar Khazraj a Yathrib (daga baya ana kiranta Madinah). Hashim ya rasu yana kasuwanci a Gaza, kafin a haifi Abd al-Muttalib:c. 

Ainihin sunansa shine "Shaiba" ma'ana 'tsohuwar' ko 'fararen gashi' saboda ɗigon fari ta cikin gashin kansa na jet-baƙar fata, kuma a wasu lokuta ana kiransa Shaybah al-Ḥamd ("fararen yabo"). .: 81–82  Bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa, ya tashi a Yasriba tare da mahaifiyarsa da iyalanta har ya kai kimanin shekara takwas, a lokacin da baffansa Muttalib bin Abd Manaf ya je ya gansa ya roki mahaifiyarsa Salmah da ta damka masa Shaibah. Salmah ba ta yarda ta bar danta ya tafi ba, Shaiba ya ki barin mahaifiyarsa ba tare da amincewarta ba. Sai Muṭṭalib ya nuna cewa damar da Yasriba ya bayar ba su misaltuwa da Makka. Shiyasa Salmah ta burge ta, dan haka ta amince ta barshi. Da farko da suka isa Makka, mutane sun zaci yaron da ba a sani ba bawan Muttalib ne, sai suka fara kiransa da 'Abd al-Muttalib ("bawan Muttalib").: 85-86.

## Shugaban Zuri'ar Hashim
Lokacin da Muṭṭalib ya rasu, Shaiba ya gaje shi a matsayin shugaban gidan Hāshim. Bayan kawunsa Al-Muṭṭalib, ya dauki nauyin ciyar da alhazai abinci da ruwa, ya kuma gudanar da ayyukan kakanninsa tare da jama'arsa. Ya samu irin daukakar da babu wani daga cikin kakanninsa da ya samu; mutanensa suna sonsa kuma sunansa ya yi girma a cikinsu: 61 

Kakan Umar bn Al-Khaṭṭāb, Nufayl bn Abdul Uzza, ne ya sasanta tsakanin Abdul-Muṭṭalib da arb ibn Umayyah, baban Abu Sufyan, kan riko da Ka'aba. Nufayl ya yanke hukuncin ne akan Abdul-Muṭṭalib. Da yake magana da Ḥarb ibn Umayyah ya ce:

Me ya sa kuke zabar rigima da wanda ya fi ku tsayi; mafi girma fiye da ku a bayyanar; mafi tacewa fiye da ku a hankali; zuri'ar wa ta zarce naka kuma karimcin wa ya fi naka sha'awa? Duk da haka, kada ku fassara wannan zuwa wani ɓatanci na kyawawan halayenku waɗanda na yaba sosai. Kai mai taushin hali ne kamar ɗan rago, an san ka a ko'ina cikin Larabawa saboda sautukan muryarka, kuma kana da kadara ga kabilarka.

## Gano Rijiyar Zam Zam
Abdul-Muṭṭalib ya ce a lokacin da yake barci a cikin wani waje mai alfarma, ya yi mafarkin an umarce shi da ya tona a wurin bautar Kuraishawa tsakanin gumaka biyu Isāf da Nā’ila. A nan sai ya tarar da rijiyar Zamzam wadda kabilar Jurhum suka cika a lokacin da suka bar Makka. Kuraishawa sun yi kokarin hana shi tona a wurin, amma dansa Al-Harith ya tsaya a gadi har sai da suka daina zanga-zangar. Bayan kwana uku da hakowa, Abdul-Muṭṭalib ya gano burbushin wata tsohuwar rijiya ta addini ya ce, "Allahuakbar!" Wasu daga cikin Kuraishawa sun yi sabani da da'awarsa ta ruwa kadai, sai daya daga cikinsu ya ce su je wurin wata mace shaman da ta rayu a nesa. Aka ce za ta iya kiran aljanu, ta taimaka musu su yanke shawarar wanene mai rijiyar. Don haka, mutane 11 daga ƙabilu 11 suka tafi balaguron. Sai da suka tsallaka jeji don ganawa da firist ɗin amma sai suka ɓace. An samu karancin abinci da ruwa kuma mutane sun fara yanke fatan fita. Daya daga cikinsu ya ba da shawarar cewa su tona kaburburansu idan sun mutu, wanda na karshe ya tsaya zai binne sauran. Haka duk suka fara tona kaburburansu, a daidai lokacin da Abdul-Muṭṭalib ya fara tona, sai ruwa ya fito daga cikin ramin da ya haƙa, kowa ya yi murna. Daga nan ne aka yanke shawarar cewa Abdul-Muttalib shi ne mai rijiyar Zam Zam. Daga nan sai ya ba wa alhazan Ka’aba ruwan zam zam, wanda ba da dadewa ba ya lullube sauran rijiyoyin da ke Makka, saboda an dauke shi mai tsarki[1]: 86-89 : 62-65. 

## Shekarar Giwa
A bisa al'adar musulmi, gwamnan kasar Habasha na kasar Yemen Abrahah al-Ashram, ya yi kishin Ka'aba a wajen Larabawa, kuma da yake Kirista ne, ya gina babban coci a birnin San'a, ya kuma ba da umarnin a yi aikin hajji a can.: 21 An yi watsi da oda kuma wani ya ƙazantar da shi (wasu suna cewa a cikin hanyar bayan gida : ​​696 bayanin kula 35  ) babban coci. Abraha ya yanke shawarar ramuwar gayya ta hanyar ruguza dakin Ka'aba, sai ya yi gaba da runduna zuwa Makka[3]: 22-23.

Akwai giwaye goma sha uku a cikin sojojin Abrahah: 99 : 26  kuma shekarar ta kasance ana kiranta da 'Ām al-Fīl (Shekarar giwa), ta fara yin kidayar shekaru a Larabawa da ake amfani da ita. har Umar bn Al-Khaṭṭāb ya maye gurbinsa da Kalandar Musulunci a shekara ta 638 Miladiyya (17). AH), tare da shekarar farko ta Kalandar Musulunci ta kasance 622 CE.

Da labarin ci gaban sojojin Abrahah ya zo, sai ƙabilar Larabawa na Kuraishawa, da Kinānah, da Khuza'ah da Huzail suka haɗa kai don kare Ka'aba. Wani mutum daga kabilar Ḥmyar ne Abraha ya aika ya yi musu nasiha cewa kawai ya so ya rusa Ka'aba idan suka yi tsayin daka sai a murkushe su. "Abdul-Muṭṭalib ya ce wa mutanen Makka da su nemi mafaka a kan tsaunuka mafi kusa, alhali shi da wasu manyan kuraishawa, suka zauna a cikin harabar Ka'aba. Abdul-Muṭṭalib ya fita daga taron an ji shi yana cewa: “Mai wannan gida. shi ne majiɓincinta, kuma na tabbata zai cece ta daga farmakin abokan gāba, kuma ba zai wulakanta bayin gidansa ba.” : 24-26

An rubuta cewa lokacin da dakarun Abrahah suka kusanci Ka’aba, Allah ya umurci kananan tsuntsaye (abābil) da su halaka rundunar Abrahah, suna yi mata ruwan duwatsu daga bakinsu. Abrahah ya ji rauni mai tsanani kuma ya koma Yaman amma ya mutu a kan hanya.

Shin, ba ka ga yadda Ubangijinka Ya aikata da ma'abuta giwa ba?

Ashe, bai sanya kaidinsu ya ɓace ba?

Kuma Ya aika tsuntsãye a kansu, garken garken garken tumaki, sunã dũkar da su da duwãtsu na yumɓun yumɓu, sabõda haka Ya mayar da su kamar lãka wadda ake cinyewa.

—  Qur’an sura ta 105 (Al-Fil).

Mafi yawan madogaran Musulunci suna sanya waki'ar a kusan shekarar da aka haifi Muhammadu, shekara ta 570 miladiyya, ko da yake wasu malamai sun sanya shi shekaru daya ko ashirin kafin haka. Hadisin da aka jingina wa Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri a cikin musannaf na ʽAbd al-Razzaq al-Sanʽani ya sanya ta kafin haifuwar mahaifin Muhammad.

## Sadakar da dansa Abdullahi
Al-Harith shi ne dan Abdullahi Muṭṭalib a lokacin da ya haƙa rijiyar zamzam: 64  A lokacin da kuraishawa suka yi ƙoƙarin taimaka masa wajen tono sai ya sha alwashin cewa idan zai haifi 'ya'ya maza guda goma da za su ba shi kariya, to ya kiyaye shi. zai sadaukar da daya daga cikinsu ga Hubal a dakin Ka'aba. Daga baya, bayan an ƙara haifa masa ’ya’ya tara, ya ce musu dole ne ya cika alkawarin. Kiban duba sun fado kan dansa Abdullahi. Kuraishawa sun nuna adawa da niyyar Abdul-Muṭṭalib na sadaukar da dansa, sun kuma bukaci ya sadaukar da wani abu na daban. 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib ya yarda ya nemi wata "mayya mai ruhi da ta sani". Sai ta ce masa ya yi kuri'a tsakanin Abdullahi da rakuma goma. Idan kuma aka zabi Abdullahi, sai ya kara rakuma goma, haka nan ya yi ta yi har Ubangijinsa ya karbi rakuma a wurin Abdullahi. Da adadin rakuma ya kai 100, sai kuri'a ta fado a kan rakuma. Abdul-Muṭṭalib ya tabbatar da haka ta hanyar maimaita jarabawar sau uku. Sannan aka yanka rakuma, aka bar Abdullahi: 66-68 

## Iyali
**Matan da ya aura**

Abd al-Muttalib yana da mata shida sanannun mata.

# Sumra bint Jundab ta kabilar Hawazin.
# Lubna bint Hajar 'yar kabilar Khuza'a.
# Fatima bint Amr daga gidan Makhzum na kabilar Kuraishawa.
# Halah bint Wuhayb yar zuhrah ta kabilar kuraishawa.
# Natīla bint Janab ta kabilar Namir.
# Mumanna'a bint Amr 'yar kabilar Khuza'a.

## 'Ya'yan sa
Kamar yadda Ibn Hisham ya ce, ‘Abd al-Muṭṭalib ya haifi ‘ya’ya maza goma da ‘ya’ya mata shida: 707-708 lura 97  Amma Ibn Sa’d ya lissafo ‘ya’ya maza goma sha biyu.: 99–101. 

* Daga Sumra bint Jundab:

# Al-Harith.: 708  Shi ne ɗan fari kuma ya rasu kafin mahaifinsa: 99. 
# Quthum: 100  Ibn Hisham bai lissafta shi ba.

* Daga Fatima bint Amr:

# Al-Zubairu.: 707  Mawaki ne kuma shugaba; Mahaifinsa ya yi wasiyya da shi: 99  Ya rasu kafin Musulunci, ya bar 'ya'ya maza da mata guda biyu: 101: 34-35. 
# Abu Talib, an haife shi da Abd Manaf,: 99 : 707  mahaifin halifa Ali na gaba. Daga baya ya zama shugaban gidan Hashim.
# Abdullahi baban Muhammad.: 99 : 707. 
# Ummu Hakim al-Bayda,: 100 : 707  kakar halifa Usmanu ta uku.: 32. 
# Barra,: 100 : 707  mahaifiyar Abu Salama.: 33. 
# Arwa.: 100 : 707 
# Atika,: 100 : 707  matar Abu Umayya bn al-Mughira.: 31. 
# Umayma,: 100 : 707  mahaifiyar Zainab bint Jahsh da Abd Allah bn Jahsh.: 33.

* Daga Lubna bint Hajar:

# Abd al-Uzza, wanda aka fi sani da Abū Lahab.: 100 : 708. 

* Daga Halah bint Wuhayb:

# Ḥamza,: 707  babban jagoran Musulunci na farko. Ya kashe jagororin kufar da dama kuma an dauke shi a matsayin mutumin da ya fi kowa karfi a cikin Kuraishawa. Ya yi shahada a Uhudu: 100 
# Safiya.: 100 : 707 
# Al-Muqawwim.: 707  Ya auri Qilaba bint Amr bn Ju'ana bn Sa'ad al-Sahmia, ya kuma haifi 'ya'ya masu suna Abd Allah, Bakr, Hind, Arwa, da Umm Amr (Qutayla ko Amra).
# Hajl.: 707  Ya auri Ummu Murra bint Abi Qays bn Abd Wud, ya kuma haifi 'ya'ya maza biyu, sunansa Abd Allah, Ubaidullahi, da 'ya'ya mata uku masu suna Murra, Rabi'a, da Fakhita.

* Daga Natīlah bint Khubbab:

# al-Abbas,: 100 : 707  kakan khalifofin Abbasiyawa.
# Ḍirār,: 707  wanda ya rasu kafin musulunci.: 100. 
# Jahl, ya mutu kafin Musulunci.
# Imran, ya rasu kafin Musulunci.

* Daga Mumanna'a bint 'Amr:

# Mus’ab, wanda a cewar Ibn Saad, shi ne wanda aka fi sani da al-Ghaydaq: 100  Ibn Hisham bai lissafta shi ba.
# Al-Ghaydaq, ya mutu kafin Musulunci.
# Abd al-Ka’aba, ya rasu kafin musulunci.: 100 
# Al-Mughira, :  100  wanda ake masa lakabi da al-Ghaydaq.

## Zuri'a

## Mutuwa
Abdullahi dan Abdul Muttalib ya rasu watanni hudu kafin a haifi Muhammad, bayan haka Abdul Muddalib ya dauki nauyin surukarsa Āmina. Wata rana mahaifiyar Muhammad, Amina, ta so zuwa Yathrib, inda mijinta, Abdullah, ya rasu. Don haka Muhammad da Amina da Abd al-Muttalib da mai kula da su Ummu Ayman suka fara tafiya zuwa Madina mai tazarar kilomita 500 daga Makkah. Sai da suka yi sati uku a can, sannan suka fara tafiya zuwa Makka. Amma, a lokacin da suka kai rabin, a Al-Abwa', Amina ta yi rashin lafiya sosai kuma ta rasu bayan shekara shida da mutuwar mijinta. Nan aka binne ta. Daga nan Muhammad ya zama maraya. Abd al-Muttalib ya yi bakin ciki matuka ga Muhammad domin yana matukar kaunarsa. Abd al-Muttalib ya kula da Muhammad. Amma a lokacin da Muhammad yana da shekaru takwas, babban mai girma Abd al-Muttalib ya yi rashin lafiya sosai kuma ya rasu yana da shekaru 81-82 a shekara ta 578-579 Miladiyya.

Ana iya samun kabarin Shaybah ibn Hāshim a makabartar Jannat al-Mu'allā a Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

## Gado
Ya yi wa nasa mazauni na Banu Abd Al-Muttalib a karkashin kabilar Banu Hashim.

Shi ne kakan manyan dauloli biyu na musulmi wato Fatimidu da Abbasiyawa.

A yakin Hunain Muhammad ya yi ta cewa: “Ni ne Annabi babu shakka, ni dan Abdul Muttalib ne”.

## Manazarta