Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ta Switzerland

Jam'iyyar **Social Democratic Party of Switzerland** (Germa, **SP**; Romans), wanda kuma ake kira da **Jam'iyyar Socialist ta Switzerland** (French; Italian, **PS**), jam'iyya ce ta siyasa a Switzerland . Jam'iyyar SP tana da wakilai biyu a Majalisar Tarayya tun daga shekarar 1960 kuma ta sami kuri'u mafi girma na biyu a zaben tarayya na Switzerland na 2023 .

An kafa jam'iyyar SP a ranar 21 ga Oktoba, 1888 kuma a halin yanzu ita ce jam'iyya ta biyu mafi girma a cikin manyan jam'iyyun siyasa guda huɗu na haɗin gwiwa a Switzerland. Ita ce jam'iyya ɗaya tilo da ke goyon bayan hagu wadda ke da wakilai a Majalisar Tarayya,  tana tsaye a tsakiya-hagu .  A halin yanzu, Élisabeth Baume-Schneider da Beat Jans suna wakiltar jam'iyyar. Ya zuwa watan Janairun 2024, SP ita ce jam'iyyar siyasa ta biyu mafi girma a Majalisar Tarayya .

Daga cikin dukkan jam'iyyun da ke goyon bayan Turai a Switzerland, SP ita ce mafi girma, kuma ba kamar sauran jam'iyyun Switzerland ba, SP tana goyon bayan zama memba na Switzerland a Tarayyar Turai .    Bugu da ƙari, tana goyon bayan haƙƙin ma'aikata da kuma ƙarfafa haraji ga kamfanonin da ke ba da hannun jari ga ma'aikata.    Jam'iyyar memba ce ta Progressive Alliance  kuma memba ce ta Jam'iyyar Socialists ta Turai . 

## Tarihi

Kafin kafa jam'iyyar SP ta ƙasa, akwai ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na ma'aikata na ƙarni na 19 a Switzerland kamar Ƙungiyar Grütli, Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ma'aikata ta Switzerland da kuma wasu jam'iyyun dimokuraɗiyya na zamantakewa da dama na gida. Yawancin waɗannan jam'iyyun ma'aikata sun daɗe na ɗan lokaci kaɗan, har zuwa lokacin da aka kafa Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party a ranar 21 ga Oktoba 1888 ( Ranar Ma'aikata ta Switzerland). Albert Steck na Bern ya kafa tsarin jam'iyyar wanda ya jaddada dimokuraɗiyya, ya ƙi burin juyin juya hali, kuma ya ba da umarnin samar da mafita ta dimokuraɗiyya ga tambayar zamantakewa. Shugaban jam'iyyar na farko shine Alexander Reichel na Bern.

Shekaru biyu bayan kafa jam'iyyar, Jakob Vogelsanger shine ɗan jam'iyyar Social Democrat na farko da aka zaɓa a Majalisar Ƙasa . A shekarar 1904, an maye gurbin dandamalin jam'iyyar masu matsakaicin ra'ayi a wani taron jam'iyya a Aarau da shirin Marxist wanda Otto Lang ya rubuta. Tsarin zaɓe na farko bayan zaɓen Majalisar Ƙasa da iyakokin masu zaɓe ya fara hana jam'iyyar samun iko mai ƙarfi a matakin ƙasa, duk da ƙaruwar magoya baya. An yi watsi da wasu shirye-shirye guda biyu da suka shahara don gabatar da tsarin zaɓe mai daidaito .

Tarihin jam'iyyar a yau yana hannun Swiss Social Archives, wanda Paul Pflüger ya kafa a shekarar 1906. A wani taron jam'iyyar a shekarar 1912 a Neuchâtel, an yi muhawara kan batun zaɓen mata a karon farko. Jam'iyyar SP ta amince da shawarar da ta ba wa jam'iyyar damar yin amfani da duk wata dama ta "taron neman gabatar da zaɓen mata."

### Lokacin tsakanin yaƙi
Duk da cewa Switzerland ta kasance tsaka-tsaki a Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, ba ta kauce wa rikicin tattalin arziki mai sarkakiya da ke tare da shi ba. Ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata da SP waɗanda suka shirya yajin aikin gama gari na Switzerland na 1918 sun tayar da rikicin zamantakewa a shekarar 1918. Manufar yajin aikin ita ce sake tsara al'umma. Majalisar Tarayya ta ba da wa'adin ga masu yajin aikin kuma ta ba da damar mamaye manyan wurare na soja. Ta wannan hanyar an kawo ƙarshen yajin aikin bayan kwana huɗu. An ɗauki matakin siyasa cikin sauri don sasanta masu yajin aikin tare da gabatar da sa'o'i 48 na aiki a mako da kuma wani shiri mai farin jini kan zaɓen daidaito ga Majalisar Ƙasa a zaɓen raba gardama na Switzerland na 1918 wanda ya gudana a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1918. A zaɓen tarayya na Switzerland na 1919, SP ta ninka wa'adinta daga mambobi 20 zuwa 41. 

Da tsarin jam'iyya na uku, wanda aka amince da shi a shekarar 1920, rashin jituwa a cikin jam'iyyar ta ƙara ƙaru. Musamman ma yadda dandamalin ya yi kira da a kafa mulkin kama-karya na proletariat a lokacin sauyin lokaci daga al'umma mai tushen jari-hujja zuwa gurguzu ya haifar da rikici mai tsanani a cikin jam'iyyar. A shekarar 1921, jam'iyyar ta yanke shawarar kin shiga Communist International . Daga nan sai bangaren hagu na jam'iyyar ya rabu da SP suka kafa Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Switzerland . A shekarar 1926, SP ta shiga Labour and Socialist International kuma ta ci gaba da zama memba har zuwa 1940. 

## Manazarta