Gene Keyes

**Gene Scott Keyes** (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Oktoba, 1941, ya mutu 2024) ya kasance Mataimakin Farfesa na Siyasa ta Duniya, wani ɗan gwagwarmayar zaman lafiya, sanannen mai tsara taswira, kuma mai gabatar da harshen Esperanto na biyu na duniya. Ya sami kulawa sosai ga gwagwarmayarsa ta zaman lafiya lokacin da mahaifiyarsa, Charlotte E. Keyes ta rubuta wani labarin ga McCall's, Suppose They Gave a War and Nobody Came (Oktoba 1966). Maganar taken, wanda ya samo asali ne daga waka ta Carl Sandburg, ya zama wani ɓangare na ƙamus na adawa da Vietnam-War .  Har ila yau, taken ya ci gaba da zama tushen fim din A zaton sun ba da Yaƙi kuma Babu wanda ya zo. Ayyukansa na zane-zane sun lashe kyaututtuka biyu.

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta mutum
An haifi Keyes a ranar 24 ga Oktoba, 1941, ga Charlotte Keyes (née Shachmann) da Scott Keyes . Mahaifinsa Quaker ne kuma mahaifiyarsa Bayahude ce. Dukansu biyu masu zaman lafiya ne. Sun kasance masu adawa da soja a cikin shekarun 1930 duk da cewa dukansu biyu sun goyi bayan shigar Amurka a yakin duniya na biyu kamar yadda suka yi imanin cewa dole ne a dakatar da Adolf Hitler da karfi idan ya cancanta. Bayan yakin sun kara shiga cikin ƙungiyar Quaker. Matashi Gene ya shawo kan zaman lafiya na iyayensa har ma ya damu game da kwari da mahaifiyarsa ta kashe yayin da take tsabtace gida.

Keyes yana da 'yan'uwa maza biyu da wata 'yar'uwa. Ɗan'uwansa Ralph Keyes shine marubucin littafin da aka fi sayarwa Is There Life After High School? wanda ya zama kiɗa na Broadway.

A shekara ta 1968, Keyes ya auri budurwarsa Jane Gordon . Sun koma Kanada a 1973 lokacin da Jane ta sami aiki a can. Suna da 'ya'ya biyu, Jeremy David, wanda aka haifa a 1976 da Rachel Elizabeth, wanda aka kafa a 1979. A cikin 1980 Jane ta shigar da karar saki tana neman kula da yara. Ba tare da lauya ba, Keyes ya yi yaƙi don daidaitaccen iyaye har zuwa Kotun Koli ta Kanada amma an ba shi iyakantaccen haƙƙin "tafiya" lokacin da aka kammala saki a shekarar 1984. Ya zauna a Kanada tun 1973 amma ya riƙe zama ɗan ƙasar Amurka.

### Ayyukan Polaris
Bayan kammala karatunsa na makarantar sakandare, an yarda da Keyes zuwa Harvard, aji na 1963, kuma a lokacin da yake can ya shiga zanga-zangar a Woolworth don tallafawa kawar da shagunansu a Kudancin Amurka (wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta Fabrairu 1960 Greensboro). Ya koyar da Mutanen Espanya a kurkuku na gida, ya rubuta game da makaman nukiliya, kuma ya shiga kungiyoyi masu sassaucin ra'ayi. Ayyukansa sun haifar da lalacewar maki.

a watan Fabrairun 1961, ya bar jami'a don shiga Polaris Action, ƙungiyar masu fafutuka da ke son rashin biyayya ga farar hula don nuna rashin amincewa da makaman nukiliya. Jiragen ruwa na Polaris jiragen ruwa ne masu harbi makaman nukiliya da yanzu rundunar Trident ta maye gurbin su. Ya rubuta wa iyayensa cewa "kasuwancin Polaris Action galibi yana da litattafai, magana, malamai, zane-zane, tare da lokuta masu haɗari da haɗari na shiga jirgin ruwa. Ra'ayin Gandhian ne na kwance a fadin hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa, sai dai muna kwance a kan jiragen ruwa na Polaris".  Ya koma New London, Connecticut, don zama a gona tare da wasu mambobin ƙungiyar Polaris Action. Yayinda iyayensa suka yi ƙoƙari su hana shi daga ainihin rashin biyayya na farar hula, a watan Agusta yana cikin kurkuku saboda ƙoƙarin shiga jirgin ruwa na Ethan Allen. Ya yi aiki na kwanaki goma sha bakwai.

## Manazarta