Binciken sararin samaniya

Wani **sake nazarin [[Climatology|yanayi]]** (kuma: sake nazarin yanayi da sake nazarin yanayi) wani aikin daidaitawa ne na yanayin yanayi da yanayi wanda ke da niyyar daidaita bayanai lura da yanayi na tarihi wanda ke da tsawon lokaci, ta amfani da tsarin daidaitawa guda ɗaya (ko "bincike") a ko'ina.

## Binciken bayanai na aiki
A cikin hasashen yanayi na aiki, ana amfani da samfuran hasashen don hasashen jihohin yanayi na gaba, bisa ga yadda tsarin yanayi ke tasowa tare da lokaci daga yanayin farko. Yanayin farko da aka bayar a matsayin shigarwa ga tsinkaya dole ne ya kunshi ƙimar bayanai don kewayon "tsinkaye" fannonin yanayi - wato, waɗancan fannoni waɗanda ke ƙayyade juyin halitta na gaba na samfurin. Ana buƙatar filayen da suka bambanta a cikin nau'in da samfurin ya yi amfani da shi, alal misali a kowane maɓallin haɗuwa a kan grid na yau da kullun na da'irorin latitude, kuma bayanan farko dole ne su kasance masu inganci a lokaci guda wanda ya dace da yanzu ko baya-bayan nan. Sabanin haka, bayanan lura da ke akwai yawanci ba su haɗa da duk filayen samfurin ba, kuma suna iya haɗawa da wasu ƙarin filayen; waɗannan bayanan suna da rarraba sararin samaniya daban-daban daga tsarin samfurin hasashen, suna da inganci a kan lokutan da yawa maimakon lokaci ɗaya, kuma suna ƙarƙashin kuskuren lura. Saboda haka ana amfani da dabarar daidaita bayanai don samar da *bincike* game da yanayin farko, wanda shine mafi kyawun dacewa da samfurin lambobi zuwa bayanan da ke akwai, tare da la'akari da kurakurai a cikin samfurin da bayanan.

## Amfani da shi
Baya ga fara hasashen aiki, nazarin kansu kayan aiki ne mai mahimmanci don nazarin yanayi da yanayin yanayi na gaba. Koyaya, bayanan bincike na aiki, watau bayanan bincike waɗanda aka yi amfani da su don hasashen lokaci na ainihi, yawanci za su sha wahala daga rashin daidaituwa idan ya ɗauki kowane lokaci mai tsawo, saboda ana inganta tsarin bincike na aiki akai-akai. Aikin sake nazarin ya haɗa da sake sarrafa bayanan lura wanda ya kunshi tsawon lokaci na tarihi ta amfani da tsarin bincike na zamani, don samar da dataset wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don nazarin yanayi da yanayin yanayi.

Nazarin daban-daban suna amfani da bayanan sake nazarin don sake haifar da wasu masu canjin yanayi ta hanyar samfuran akwatin baki (misali masu canjin yanayin teku ).

## Misalan
Misalan bayanan sake nazarin sun haɗa da sake nazarin ECMWF, [1] da Binciken Bincike na zamani don Bincike da Aikace-aikace, Version 2 (MERRA-2), [2] da NCEP / NCAR Reanalysis, [3] da JRA-25 [4] [5] sake nazarin da Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Japan ta gudanar. Baya ga waɗannan ayyukan sake nazarin duniya, akwai kuma ayyukan sake nazarin yanki masu tsauri don yankuna daban-daban, misali ga Arewacin Amurka, Turai ko Ostiraliya. [6][7][8][9] Irin waɗannan sake nazarin yanki yawanci sun dogara ne akan tsarin hasashen yanayi na yanki kuma suna amfani da yanayin iyaka daga sake nazarin duniya.[10]

### sake nazarin ECMWF

### NCEP / NCAR sake nazarin

## Yin amfani da hankali
Duk da yake sau da yawa ana iya tunanin sake nazarin a matsayin mafi kyawun ƙididdiga akan masu canji da yawa (kamar iskõki  da zafin jiki) na yanayi, dole ne a yi amfani da shi da taka tsantsan. Ragewa, maye gurbin, ko gyare-gyare na kayan aiki (misali tauraron dan adam), da kuma canje-canje a hanyoyin lura (misali, farfajiyar, sama) na iya haifar da kuskure. Ba duk bayanan sake nazarin ba ne ke ƙuntata ta hanyar lura: wasu nau'ikan bayanai, kamar hazo (dangane da sake nazarin) da evapotranspiration na ƙasa (wanda abubuwan lura na duniya kawai ba su wanzu ba), ana samun su ta hanyar gudana (watakila sabo ne) na gaba ɗaya ko samfuran NWP. An san sake nazarin ba don adana danshi ba.

## Manazarta

## Karatu game da takamaiman sake dubawa

* Kalnay, E., da kuma co-authors, 1996: The NCEP / NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull. Daɗi. Jirgin sama. Soc. , 77, 437–471.
* [Hasiya] An yi amfani da wannan kalmar a matsayin mai suna "Shuid". Yang, J. J. Hnilo, M. Fiorino, da G. L. Potter, 2002: NCEP-DOE AMIP-II Reanalysis (R-2). Bull. Daɗi. Jirgin sama. Soc. , 83, 1631–1643.
* Mesinger, F., da kuma co-uthors, 2006: Reanalysis na Yankin Arewacin Amurka. Bull. Daɗi. Jirgin sama. Soc. , 87, 343-360, http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-87-3-343.
* Uppala, S., da kuma co-authors, 2005: The **ERA-40** Re-Analysis . Na huɗu. J. Roy Jirgin sama. Soc. , 131, 2961-3012, https://doi.org/10.1256/qj.04.176.
* Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Hirahara, S., Horányi, A., Muñoz-Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Abdalla, S., Abellan, X., Balsamo, G., Bechtold, P., Biavati, G., Radlot, J., Bonavita, G., G., G. G., G, G., D., G., H. G., H., G., R., G., P., G., V. G., P. G., R. G., V., G., J., G., Y., G., Gen. G., J. G., Y. G., Gen, G., H, G., R, G., J, G., P, G., V, G., Y, G., L., G., L. G., L, G., Gen Gen. G. G. , 2020: sake nazarin **ERA5** na duniya. Q J R Meteorol Soc, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.
* Onogi, K., da kuma co-authors, 2007: The **JRA-25** Reanalysis . J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 85, 369-432, https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.85.369.
* Kaspar, F., Niermann, D., Borsche, M., Fiedler, S., Keller, J., Potthast, R., Rösch, T., Spangehl, T., da Tinz, B., 2020: Ayyukan sake nazarin yanayi na yanki a Deutscher Wetterdienst: sake dubawa na sakamakon kimantawa da misalai na aikace-aikace tare da mai da mai da hankali kan makamashi mai sabuntawa, Adv. Sci. Res., 17, 115-128, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-17-115-2020.
* Khatibi, A.; Krauter, S. Tabbatar da Ayyukan Satellite Meteorological Dataset MERRA-2 don Aikace-aikacen Hasken rana da Wind. Makamashi 2021, 14, 882. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14040882

## Dubi kuma

* Binciken Tekun

## Haɗin waje

* Bayanan lacca daga Cibiyar Turai don Tsakanin Yanayi
* Rubuce-rubucen Yanayi Tebur Kwatanta daga Reanalysis.org