Yarjejeniyar Istanbul

**Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Turai kan Kariya da Yaki da cin zarafin mata da cin zarafi a cikin gida**, wanda aka fi sani da **yarjejeniyar Istanbul**, yarjejeniya ce ta kare hakkin bil'adama ta Majalisar Turai mai adawa da cin zarafin mata da cin zarafin mata da aka bude a ranar 11 ga Mayu 2011, a Istanbul, Turkiyya. Yarjejeniyar na nufin rigakafin tashin hankali, kariya ga wanda aka azabtar da kuma kawo karshen rashin hukunta masu laifi. 

Tun daga Maris 2019, kasashe 45 da Tarayyar Turai sun sanya hannu.  A ranar 12 ga Maris 2012, Turkiyya ta zama kasa ta farko da ta amince da taron, sai kuma wasu kasashe 37 da Tarayyar Turai daga 2013 zuwa 2024 ( Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Jamus, Iceland, Iceland, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Ireland, Ireland, Italy, Ireland, Ireland, Italy, Ireland, Italy, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Ireland, Italy, Ireland, Italy, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Italy, Iceland  Ireland, Germany, Ireland, Latvia,  Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, the Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom ).  Yarjejeniyar ta fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Agusta 2014. 

A shekarar 2021, Turkiyya ta zama kasa ta farko kuma daya tilo da ta fice daga taron, bayan ta yi Allah wadai da shi a ranar 20 ga Maris, 2021. Taron ya daina aiki a Turkiyya a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2021, bayan da aka yi Allah wadai da shi.   

A ranar 1 ga watan Yunin 2023 Majalisar Tarayyar Turai ta amince da shigar da EU cikin yarjejeniyar Istanbul.  A ranar 28 ga Yuni 2023 Tarayyar Turai ta amince da Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Turai kan hanawa da magance cin zarafin mata da cin zarafin gida (CETS No. 210), wanda aka fi sani da "Taron Istanbul".  Yarjejeniyar Istanbul ta fara aiki a cikin EU a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 2023, inda "kasashen EU da ba su amince da yarjejeniyar da kansu ba za su kasance kawai ta hanyar samun EU wanda ke aiwatar da yarjejeniyar". 

## Tarihi

Majalisar Turai ta gudanar da wasu shirye-shirye don inganta kariya ga mata daga cin zarafi tun daga shekarun 1990. Musamman, waɗannan tsare-tsare sun haifar da amincewa, a cikin 2002, na Majalisar Turai Recommendation Rec (2002) 5 na Kwamitin Ministoci ga kasashe membobi game da kare mata daga cin zarafi,  da kuma gudanar da yakin Turai baki daya, daga 2006 zuwa 2008, don magance cin zarafin mata, ciki har da cin zarafin gida.  Majalisar Dokokin Tarayyar Turai ta kuma dau tsayuwar siyasa a kan duk wani nau'i na cin zarafin mata. Ta yi amfani da kudurori da shawarwari da dama da ke kira ga matakan da suka dace da doka kan hanawa, kariya da kuma gurfanar da mafi muni da kuma yaɗuwar nau'ikan cin zarafin mata. 

Rahotanni na kasa da bincike da bincike sun nuna girman matsalar a Turai.  Yaƙin neman zaɓe na musamman ya nuna babban bambanci a Turai na martani na ƙasa game da cin zarafin mata da cin zarafin gida. Don haka, buƙatar daidaita ƙa'idodin doka don tabbatar da cewa waɗanda abin ya shafa sun amfana daga matakin kariya ɗaya a ko'ina cikin Turai ya bayyana. Ministocin shari'a na Majalisar Tarayyar Turai sun fara tattaunawa kan bukatar kara ba da kariya daga tashin hankalin cikin gida, musamman rikicin abokan hulda.

#### Bulgaria

A cikin Janairu 2018, Majalisar Ministocin Bulgeriya ta amince da wata shawara ga Majalisar Dokoki ta amince da babban taron. Wasu ministocin gwamnati da 'yan majalisar dokoki da kungiyoyin yada labarai da na jama'a sun yi Allah-wadai da matakin nan da nan, inda suka nuna cewa a karshe taron zai kai ga amincewa da auren jinsi na uku a hukumance.  Bayan tarzoma mai yaduwa, gwamnatin Borisov ta uku ta jinkirta amincewa kuma ta tura hukuncin zuwa Kotun Tsarin Mulki, wanda zai yanke hukunci ko zai zama doka.  Shugaba Rumen Radev, mai adawa da amincewar, ya yaba da jinkirin a matsayin "nasara na hankali", yana mai cewa taron ba shi da tabbas kuma za a iya magance tashin hankalin gida ne kawai ta hanyar isassun dokokin Bulgaria da kuma inganta tsarin doka. 

## Muhawara ta siyasa
Sukar sun hada da "ma'ana da kuma amfani da kalmar 'jinsi' a cikin babban taron, tanadin da ya tilasta wa jam'iyyun jihohi su ba da koyarwa a kan 'ayyukan jinsin da ba su dace ba' a kowane mataki na ilimi, babban taron da aka ce ya nuna son kai ga maza; da kuma zargin cewa yana barazana ga ikon jihar." 

A cikin wata sanarwar manema labarai a watan Nuwamba 2018, Majalisar Turai ta ce, "Duk da bayyana manufofinta a fili, kungiyoyin addini da masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da yawa sun yada labaran karya game da Yarjejeniyar Istanbul". Sanarwar ta bayyana cewa taron ba ya neman tilasta wani salon rayuwa ko tsoma baki ga tsarin rayuwa na sirri; a maimakon haka, yana neman kawai don hana cin zarafin mata da cin zarafin gida. Sanarwar ta bayyana cewa "hakika taron *ba* shine batun kawo karshen bambance-bambancen jima'i tsakanin mata da maza ba. Babu inda yarjejeniyar ta taba nuna cewa mata da maza sun kasance ko ya kamata su kasance 'daya' da kuma cewa "yarjejeniyar ba ta neman daidaita rayuwar iyali da / ko tsarin iyali: ba ya ƙunshi ma'anar 'iyali' kuma baya inganta wani nau'i na iyali. " 

## Manazarta