Joshua Nkomo

**Joshua Mqabuko Nyongolo Nkomo** (19 Yuni 1917 - 1 Yuli 1999) ɗan juyin juya hali ne na Zimbabwe kuma ɗan siyasa wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban ƙasar Zimbabwe daga shekarun 1990 har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1999. Ya kafa kuma ya jagoranci Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) daga shekarun 1961 har zuwa, bayan wani farmakin soja na cikin gida (wanda aka fi sani da Gukurahundi ) a yammacin Zimbabwe, wanda akasari ke kaiwa magoya bayan Ndebele ZAPU hari, ZAPU ya haɗe a shekarar 1987 tare da Robert Mugabe na Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) don kafa ZANU-PF.

Ya kasance babban shugaban kungiyar kwadago, wanda ya ci gaba har ya zama shugaban jam'iyyar National Democratic Party da aka dakatar, kuma gwamnatin tsiraru fararen fata ta Rhodesia ta ɗaure shi na tsawon shekaru goma. Bayan da aka sake shi a shekarar 1974, ZAPU ya ba da gudummawa ga faɗuwar waccan gwamnatin, tare da ɓangarorin abokin hamayyar ZANU, wanda aka ƙirƙira a shekarar 1963. 

A cikin shekarar 1983, Nkomo, saboda tsoron rayuwarsa a farkon matakan Gukurahundi, ya gudu daga ƙasar. Daga baya a shekarar 1987, ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Unity Accord mai cike da cece-kuce inda ya baiwa ZAPU damar haɗewa da ZANU domin dakatar da kisan kiyashin. 

Nkomo ya sami sunayen laƙabi da yawa, ciki har da *Umafukufuku* a cikin Ndebele, "Uba Zimbabwe" a Turanci, da *Chibwechitedza* ("dutse mai zamewa") a cikin Shona. 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Nkomo a ranar 19 ga watan Yuni 1917 a Matopos, Matabeleland, Kudancin Rhodesia (yanzu Matobo, Zimbabwe) zuwa dangin Ndebele matalauta.  Yana ɗaya daga cikin yara takwas. Mahaifinsa (Thomas Nyongolo Letswansto Nkomo) ya yi aiki a matsayin mai wa'azi kuma mai kiwon shanu kuma ya yi aiki da Ƙungiyar Mishan ta London. Mahaifiyarsa ita ce Mlingo Hadebe.

Bayan kammala karatun firamare a Kudancin Rhodesia, Nkomo ya yi karatun kafinta a Makarantar Masana'antu ta Gwamnati ta Tsholotsho inda ya yi karatu a can na tsawon shekara guda kafin ya zama direba. Daga baya ya gwada kiwon dabbobi, sannan ya zama malamin makaranta wanda ya kware a aikin kafinta a makarantar Manyame da ke Kezi. A shekarar 1942, yana da shekaru 25 a duniya, a lokacin da yake aikin koyarwa, ya yanke shawarar cewa zai je Afirka ta Kudu don ƙara ilimi, aikin kafinta, kuma ya cancanci zuwa babban mataki. Ya halarci Kwalejin Adams da Jan H. Hofmeyr School of Social Work a Afirka ta Kudu,  inda ya haɗu da Nelson Mandela da sauran shugabannin ƙasa na gaba a Jami'ar Fort Hare, ko da yake bai halarci wannan jami'a ba. Ya kasance a Jan Hofmeyr School of Social Work cewa an ba shi digiri a aikin zamantakewa a shekarar 1952. Nkomo ya auri matarsa Johanna Fuyana a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoba 1949.

## Siyasa 1947-1964
Bayan ya koma Bulawayo a cikin shekarar 1947, ya zama ƙwararren  ma'aikacin jirgin ƙasa baƙar fata, ya kuma kai ga jagorancin ƙungiyar ma'aikatan jirgin ƙasa sannan kuma ya zama jagorar reshen Kudancin Rhodesian na African National Congress. A shekarar 1953 ya tsaya takarar majalisar dokoki a zaɓen tarayya na farko, duk da cewa ya sha kaye.  Reshen Kudancin Rhodesian ANC ya zama South Rhodesia African National Congress (SRANC), kuma a cikin shekarar 1957 aka zaɓi Nkomo shugaba. Nkomo ya fita daga ƙasar a shekarar 1959 lokacin da aka dakatar da SRANC, an kwace masa kadarorinsa, aka kama da yawa daga cikin shugabanninsa. 

A ranar 1 ga watan Janairun 1960, Nkomo da wasu daga cikin shugabannin SRNC suka kafa jam'iyyar National Democratic Party (NDP) don cin nasarar haramtacciyar jam'iyyar SRANC, kuma suka amince da manufofinsu da tsarin kungiya, tare da shigar da mambobinsu.  A wannan shekarar ya zama shugaban jam'iyyar NDP tare da goyon bayan Robert Mugabe. Gwamnatin Rhodesian ta dakatar da NDP a watan Disamba 1961.

Nan take Nkomo ya kafa kungiyar jama'ar Afirka ta Zimbabwe (ZAPU) tare da Samuel Parirenyatwa, Ndabaningi Sithole, Robert Mugabe, da sauransu.  Ita ma gwamnatin tsiraru fararen fata ta Rhodesian ta dakatar da wannan jam’iyyar watanni tara bayan haka a watan Satumbar 1962. 

A shekarar 1963 ZAPU ta rabu inda Sithole da Mugabe suka ɗauki magoya bayansu suka kafa kungiyar haɗa kan ƙasashen Afirka ta Zimbabwe (ZANU).  Yayin da wasu ke da'awar cewa wannan rarrabuwar ta samo asali ne saboda rikicin ƙabilanci,  dai dai, an samu rarrabuwar kawuna ne sakamakon gazawar Sithole, Mugabe, Takawira da Malianga wajen kwace ikon ZAPU daga Nkomo.  ZAPU za ta ci gaba da kasancewa jam'iyyar ƙabilanci har zuwa yancin kai.

## Manazarta