Masu adawa da Sunnanci

Anti-Sunnism, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin Anti-Sunni, ko **Sunniphobia**; "tsoro ko ƙiyayya ga Sunnism da Sunnites"  ƙiyayya ce, nuna bambanci, tsanantawa, ko tashin hankali ga Musulmai Sunni. 

## Yakin da ake yi a kan maganganun ta'addanci
Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahhab ya yi iƙirarin cewa shi Musulmi ne mai gyarawa na Sunni na karni na 18 na Arabiya. malamai addini na Daular Ottoman sun dauke shi da magoya bayansa masu ridda da 'yan ridda. An lakafta su da kalmar *Wahhabi* . A cikin karni na 19, Gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Burtaniya a Indiya ta sanya malaman Sunni masu adawa da mulkin mallaka a shari'a a cikin abin da aka sani da "Babban Gwajin Wahhabi" don murkushe tunanin "maƙaryacin Wahhabi"  .

Kasancewa Wahhabi a hukumance laifi ne a Rasha. A cikin mulkin kama-karya na Asiya ta Tsakiya na Rasha, ana amfani da kalmar "Wahhabi" don nuna duk wani aikin addini da ba a ba da izini ba. A sakamakon haka, kowane Musulmi na Sunni, ko na zamani, mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, siyasa ko rashin siyasa, mai yuwuwa ne.

A mayar da martani ga 9/11 World Trade Center Bombings, Amurka da abokanta sun kaddamar da wata manufa mai rikitarwa game da yunkurin yaki da ta'addanci da ba a taɓa gani ba a kan sikelin duniya da ake kira yaki da ta ta'addance. An san shi da kalmomin da ba a sani ba "Kana tare da mu ko kuma a kan mu". Dukkanin wannan hanyar, da kuma manufar yaki da ta'addanci an yi tambaya. An kuma zarge shi da tayar da nau'o'i daban-daban na Islamophobia a duniya.

Sauran gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka sun karɓi maganganun "yaƙi da ta'addanci". Rasha ta yi amfani da lakabin "Wahhabi" akai-akai don yin niyya ga Musulmai Sunni. Rasha ta yi amfani da nata "yaƙin ta'addanci" a Yaƙin Chechen na Biyu, a cikin tawaye a Arewacin Caucasus, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin a cikin sa hannun Rasha a yakin basasar Siriya.

A cikin karkatar da ɗarika, yaƙi a kan maganganun ta'addanci ya kuma kasance makamai daga sarakunan Shi'a na Iran  waɗanda ke bin Khomeinism, har ma da sau da yawa suna ba da hadin kai tare da Amurka.  Jami'an Iran galibi suna kiran lakabin "Wahhabi" don ci gaba da siyasar ɗarika a yankin. Ko da kafin yaƙin ta'addanci, shugabannin Iran kamar Ayatollah Khomeini da Rafsanjani sun yi kira ga lakabin Wahhabi wanda ke kwatanta Sunnis a matsayin "masu ridda" don tayar da Sunniphobia da manufofin Iran na fitar da juyin juya halin Khomanist. Tsarin karatun sakandare na Khomeinist a Iran an san su da nuna ɗarika game da Musulmai Sunni, sau da yawa suna nuna Sunnis da masu daraja a tarihin Sunni a matsayin "Wahhabis".

Omair Anas ya yi jayayya cewa bayan yakin da aka yi da ta'addanci, wani makircin Wahhabi ya maye gurbin Amurka a matsayin "Babban Shaidan" na Iran. A cikin wannan hanyar, Qassem Soleimani, tsohon shugaban IRGC na Iran, ya ce Wahhabism yana da tushen Yahudawa. Hassan Nasrallah, Sakatare Janar na Hezbollah ya lakafta "Wahhabism" a matsayin "mafi muni fiye da Isra'ila".  A cikin 2016, Ministan Harkokin Waje na Iran Javad Zarif ya rubuta wata kasida a cikin The New York Times mai taken "Bari mu Rid the World of Wahhabism", inda ya bayyana Wahhabism a matsayin "rashin jituwa na tauhidi" da "karin mutuwa" wanda ya "yi rikici", kuma ya yi jayayya cewa "kusan kowane rukuni na ta'addanci da ke cin zarafin sunan Islama" Wahhabism ne ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi.

## Tsanantawa ta tarihi

### Lokacin Safavid
A mayar da martani ga ci gaban addinin Sunni, Daular Safavid ta kashe Sunnis da yawa, ta yi ƙoƙari ta canza su zuwa Shi'a, yawancin kaburbura na tsarkakan Sunni sun ƙone ta hanyar umarnin Safavid shahs, jihohin Sunni suma sun mamaye. Sun kuma la'anta Khalifa uku na farko na Musulmai Sunni, da kuma Aisha da Hafsa, 'ya'ya mata na Khalifa biyu na farko da matan annabin Musulunci.

Ismail I yi sabbin dokoki ga Iran da ƙasashen da yake sarrafawa:

* Shi'a a matsayin jiha da addini mai tilas ga dukan al'ummar da kuma tilasta juyowa na Sunni na Sufi na Iran zuwa Shi'a.  
* Ya sake gabatar da sadr (Larabci, jagora) - ofishin da ke da alhakin kula da cibiyoyin addini da kyauta. Tare da ra'ayi na canza Iran zuwa jihar Shi'a, an kuma ba sadr aikin yada koyarwar Twelver.
* Ya lalata masallatai na Sunni kuma ya kashe fararen hula da yawa na Sunni a Iran da Iraki. Har ma Tomé Pires, jakadan Portugal a kasar Sin wanda ya ziyarci Iran a cikin 1511-12, wanda lokacin da yake magana game da Ismail ya lura: "Shi (watau Ismail) ya sake fasalin majami'unmu, ya lalata gidajen dukkan Moors da suka biyo baya (Sunnah na) Muhammad ..." 
* Ya tilasta al'ada da la'anar tilas na Khalifancin Sunni guda uku na farko (Abu Bakr, Umar, da Uthman) a matsayin masu satar, daga dukkan masallatai, sun rushe Tariqahs kuma sun kwace dukiyoyinsu, sun yi amfani da tallafin gwamnati don bunkasa wuraren ibada na Shia, cibiyoyi da fasaha na addini da kuma shigo da malaman Shia don maye gurbin malaman Sunni.   
* Ya kashe Sunnis kuma ya lalata kuma ya ƙazantar da kaburbura da masallatai. Wannan ya sa Sultan Bayezid II na Ottoman (wanda da farko ya taya Ismail murna game da nasarorin da ya samu) ya ba da shawara da kuma neman saurayi mai mulki (a hanyar "mahaifi") don dakatar da ayyukan adawa da Sunni. Koyaya, Ismail ya kasance mai tsayayya da Sunni sosai, ya yi watsi da gargadi na Sultan, kuma ya ci gaba da yada bangaskiyar Shia da takobi.
* Ya tsananta, ya ɗaure shi, ya yi gudun hijira, kuma ya kashe Sunni masu tsayayya da taurin kai. Lokacin da suka yi tsayayya, galibi bai kashe su kai tsaye ba, amma ya kama su kuma ya tilasta wa iyalansu su yarda da Islama ta Shi'a a gaban idanunsu, kuma a ƙarshe, ko sun yi ko a'a, an kashe su kuma an yanke kawunansu kuma an sanya su a ƙofofin don nunawa.
* Tare da kafa mulkin Safavid, akwai hutu mai ban sha'awa da launi, kusan hutu mai kama da carnival a ranar 26 Dhu al-Hijjah (ko kuma a madadin haka, 9 Rabi' al-awwal) suna murna da kisan Khalifa Omer. Babban abin da ya faru a ranar shi ne yin siffar Umar don a la'anta shi, a zagi shi, kuma a ƙarshe a ƙone shi. Koyaya, yayin da dangantakar da ke tsakanin Iran da ƙasashen Sunni ta inganta, ba a sake kiyaye hutun ba (akalla a hukumance). 
* A cikin 1501, Ismail ya gayyaci duk Shia da ke zaune a waje da Iran su zo Iran kuma su sami tabbacin kariya daga mafi yawan Sunni.

## Lokaci na zamani

### Iraki
 
Gwamnatin bayan Saddam da aka kafa bayan mamayar Iraki ta 2003 tana da alhakin nuna bambanci ga Musulmai Sunni a cikin tsarin mulki, siyasa, soja, 'yan sanda, da kuma zargin kashe fursunonin Musulmai Sunmi a cikin hanyar ɗarika. Manufofin De-Ba'athification da aka aiwatar bayan hambarar da mulkin Baathist galibi ana yin niyya ne ga ma'aikatan gwamnati na Sunni, 'yan siyasa da jami'an soja; wanda ke haifar da nuna bambanci ga Sunni a cikin tsarin mulki da kuma kara tabarbarewar halin da ake ciki a Iraki. An kashe Sunni da yawa bayan fashewar bam a masallacin al-Askari a lokacin Yaƙin basasar Iraki.

Kungiyoyin kasa da kasa kamar Human Rights Watch sun yi Allah wadai da gwamnatin Iraqi da kungiyoyin masu fafutuka da ke goyon bayan Iran na aikata kisan kiyashi a kan 'yan tsiraru Sunni a Iraki, suna mai cewa wadannan ta'addanci sun zama "laifuka a kan bil'adama".

#### Kisan kiyashi na Barwana
An yi zargin cewa 'yan bindiga na Shia ne suka aikata kisan kiyashi, a matsayin fansa ga muguntar ISIS, a ƙauyen Sunni na Barwana, wanda ake zargin ya kashe yara maza da maza 70. 

#### Kisan kiyashi na Jihad
A ranar 9 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2006, a yankin Hay al-Jihad na Baghdad, babban birnin Iraki, an kashe kimanin fararen hula 40 na Sunni a hare-haren fansa da mayakan Shia daga Sojojin Mahdi suka yi.

#### Kisan kiyashi na Masallacin Musab bin Umair
A ranar 22 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2014, 'yan bindigar Shia sun kashe akalla mutane 73 a wani hari da aka kai masallacin Sunni a kauyen Imam Wais na Iraki, harin ya faru ne a lokacin Addu'o'in Jumma'a, inda yawancin Sunnis ke halartar addu'o-tallace. A lokacin harin, akwai kimanin masu bautar 150 a masallacin. Kungiyar 'yan ta'adda ta Asaib Ahl al-Haq da ke goyon bayan Iran, wata kungiya ce ta Imam Ali Brigades, ana zargin su ne masu aikata laifin.

### Iran
Gwamnati ta yi watsi da lardunan Sunni mafi rinjaye a Iran, wanda ke haifar da rashin 'yancin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da kuma yawan talauci. Babban Jagoran Iran na farko Khomeini ya gudanar da ra'ayoyin addinin adawa da Sunni, wanda kuma ya nuna a cikin dabarun siyasa da ya tsara a cikin "*Ƙaunar Ƙarshe da Alkawari*". A lokacin abubuwan da suka faru na juyin juya halin 1979, biranen Sunni da suka fi yawa a lardunan Khuzestan, Yammacin Azerbaijan da Golestan sun kasance makasudin hare-haren ɗarika da mayakan Khomeinist suka yi. Yawancin shugabannin addinin Sunni da masu ilimi waɗanda suka fara tallafawa juyin juya halin an ɗaure su a cikin shekarun 1980.

Tun daga wannan lokacin an daidaita nuna bambanci na siyasa, tare da Sunnis da aka hana wakilci a cikin hukumomin gwamnati kamar *Majalisun* masu tsaro da Majalisar Expediency waɗanda aka tanada wa Shi'a. Har ila yau, an yi jayayya cewa Majalisar Dattijai ta Iran ta ware Sunnis, tare da kasa da kashi 6% na kujerun da aka ba da izini ga Sunnis tun lokacin da aka kafa majalisar dokoki a 1980;   yawan Sunnis a Iran yawanci ana kiyasta 5-10%,  amma wasu shugabannin Sunni sun yi iƙirarin cewa "tsakanin kashi 12 da 25 cikin dari".

Bayan rasuwar Khomeini a shekara ta 1989, Iran ta fara fitar da maganganun Anti-Sunni ta hanyar farfaganda da kafofin watsa labarai na Khomanist a duk faɗin duniyar Musulunci, a cikin karuwa musamman tun daga shekarun 2000. 'Yan tsiraru na kabilanci waɗanda galibi Sunni ne, kamar Kurds, Balochs, da Turkmen suna fama da tsanantawa ta addini kuma yawancin Masajid (*[[Masallaci]]*) na waɗannan al'ummomin suna lalacewa ta hanyar jami'an tsaro.

A shekara ta 2007, gwamnati ta karfafa takunkumi a makarantun addinin Sunni da jami'o'i; kuma ta tilasta wa ɗaliban addinin Sunnis suyi karatu a cibiyoyin Khomeinist. A cikin 2011, Iran ta sanya takunkumi wanda ya hana Musulmai Sunni gudanar da nasu Addu'o'in Eid daban-daban a birnin Tehran. Nuna bambanci ga Sunnis ya karu tun 2021, saboda manufofi masu tsauri na tsohon shugaban kasar Ibrahim Raisi.

A cikin mummunan kisan kiyashi da aka sani da "Jinin Jumma'a" da aka gudanar a watan Satumbar 2022, sojojin IRGC da Basij sun bude harbe su kuma sun kashe masu zanga-zangar Sunni sama da 90 yayin addu'o'in Jumu'ah kusa da Masallacin Jameh na Makki a Sistan-Balochistan, masallacin Sunni mafi girma a Iran. Wasu masu bautar sun fita daga masallacin kuma sun yi tafiya a kan ofishin 'yan sanda a fadin titin don nuna rashin amincewa da zargin da wani dan sanda ya yi wa yarinyar Baloch fyade, yana jefa duwatsu da kwalliya; jami'an tsaro sun amsa da wuta kuma sun ci gaba da harbi masu bautar yayin da wasu daga cikinsu suka koma cikin masallacin. Ya zuwa watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2022, kisan kiyashi shine mafi munin abin da ya faru a matsayin wani ɓangare na murkushewar soja a kan zanga-zangar Iran ta 2022. Molwi Abdolhamid Ismaeelzahi, sanannen Masanin addinin Musulunci na Baloch kuma jagoran ruhaniya na 'yan tsiraru Musulmi Sunni na Iran, wanda ya jagoranci addu'o'in, ya yi tir da mulkin don kisan kiyashi da kuma "cikakken ƙarya" yana nuna masu bautar Sunni na yau da kullun a matsayin masu rabuwa da Baloch. A cikin wani jawabi mai ban mamaki da ya yi Allah wadai da Ali Khamenei da Sojojin Iran saboda tashin hankali da zubar da jini, Abdul Hamid ya bayyana cewa:"babban shugaba Jamhuriyar Musulunci, a matsayin babban kwamandan sojojin, da sauran jami'ai duk suna da alhakin, kuma babu wanda zai iya kauce wa wannan alhakin.."A watan Mayu 2023 kadai, Iran ta kashe akalla mutane 142 (78, ko 55% daga cikinsu, a kan cajin da ya shafi miyagun ƙwayoyi), mafi girman adadin kowane wata tun 2015. Akalla 30 daga cikin wadanda aka kashe sun fito ne daga 'yan tsirarun Sunni Baluch.

## Bayanan da aka ambata