Taimako na farko na tunani

**Taimako na farko na tunani** mutum (PFA) wata dabara ce da aka tsara don rage faruwar rikicewar damuwa. Cibiyar Kula da Ciwon Tsoro ta Kasa (NC-PTSD), wani bangare na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Tsohon Sojoji ta Amurka ce ta kirkireshi, a cikin shekara ta 2006. Ƙungiyar Red Cross da Red Crescent Societies ta Duniya, Community Emergency Response Team (CERT), American Psychological Association (APA) da sauransu da yawa sun amince da shi kuma sun yi amfani da shi. An haɓaka shi a cikin haɗin gwiwa mai zurfi na kwana biyu, wanda ya haɗa da masu binciken lafiyar kwakwalwa sama da 25, binciken kan layi na rukunin farko da suka yi amfani da PFA da sake dubawa game da rubutun.

## Ma'anar
A cewar NC-PTSD, taimakon farko na tunanin mutum shine hanyar da aka sani da shaidar don taimakawa mutane a cikin bala'i da ta'addanci don rage damuwa ta farko da kuma inganta aikin daidaitawa na gajeren lokaci da na dogon lokaci. Masana kiwon lafiya na hankali ne suka yi amfani da shi, kamar masu amsawa da masu sa kai. Sauran halaye sun haɗa da kulawa mai amfani da buƙatu masu kimantawa. PFA ba lallai ba ne ya haɗa da tattaunawa game da abin da ya faru kuma yana guje wa duk wani aiki da ke da alaƙa da "debriefing" kamar yadda wannan dabarar ta haɗa da karuwar ƙimar PTSD.

### Abubuwan da aka haɗa

* Karewa daga ƙarin lahani
* Hanyar yin magana ba tare da matsin lamba ba
* Sauraro mai ƙarfi
* Jinƙai
* Magana da kuma amincewa da damuwa
* Tattaunawar dabarun jimrewa
* Taimako na zamantakewa
* Bayar da za a dawo don magana
* Bayyanawa

### Matakai

* Saduwa da shiga
* Tsaro da ta'aziyya
* Daidaitawa
* Tattara bayanai
* Taimako mai amfani
* Haɗin tare da tallafin zamantakewa
* Bayani game da jimrewa
* Haɗin kai tare da ayyuka

## Tarihi
Kafin PFA, akwai hanyar da aka sani da debriefing. Debriefing wani mataki ne mai mahimmanci a cikin horo na kasuwanci wanda aka nufa don rage PTSD da ake kira "Critical Incident Stress Management" (CISM). An yi niyya ne don rage abin da ya faru na rikicewar damuwa (PTSD) bayan babban bala'i. PTSD yanzu an san shi da yawa don raunanawa; masu fama da cutar suna fuskantar gujewa, flashbacks, hyper-vigilance, da rashin lafiya. An sanya hanyoyin warwarewa a matsayin abin da ake buƙata bayan bala'i, tare da sha'awar hana mutane kamuwa da PTSD. Manufar da ke bayan shi ita ce inganta aikin motsin rai ta hanyar ƙarfafa tunawa da taron. Debriefing ya samo asali ne daga sojoji, inda aka yi niyyar zaman don bunkasa halin kirki da rage damuwa bayan wani manufa, duk da haka Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Amurka ta dakatar da aikin a 2002 saboda shaidar da ke nuna cewa aikin ya kara yawan PTSD. An yi warwarewa a cikin zaman guda tare da matakai bakwai: gabatarwa, gaskiya, tunani da ra'ayoyi, halayen motsin rai, daidaitawa, tsarawa don nan gaba, da kuma rabuwar.

An gano cewa Debriefing ya fi kyau, kuma mafi muni, yana da lahani [4] tare da wasu binciken da suka gano cewa yawan PTSD ya karu ne sakamakon debriefing. Akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa game da dalilin da ya sa yin tambayoyi ya kara yawan abubuwan da suka faru na PTSD. Na farko, wadanda zasu iya kamuwa da PTSD ba su da taimako ta hanyar zama daya. Na biyu, sake fallasawa da wuri ga raunin zai iya haifar da sake fashewa. Magani na bayyanar a cikin halayyar fahimta yana bawa mutum damar daidaitawa da motsawa kafin a hankali ya kara tsanani. Debriefing bai ba da izinin wannan ba. Har ila yau, an ga damuwa ta yau da kullun ta zama cuta bayan tattaunawa kuma waɗanda suka kasance cikin rauni sun yi tunanin suna da rikicewar hankali saboda sun yi fushi. Debriefing yana zaton cewa kowa yana amsawa iri ɗaya ga rauni, kuma duk wanda ya kauce daga wannan hanyar, yana da cuta. Amma akwai hanyoyi da yawa don magance rauni, musamman nan da nan bayan ya faru.

## Tasiri
PFA da alama tana magance yawancin batutuwa a cikin tattaunawar. Ba tilas ba ne kuma ana iya yin sa a lokuta da yawa kuma yana haɗa waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙarin taimako ga ayyuka. Yana ma'amala da batutuwan da suka dace waɗanda galibi suna da matsin lamba kuma suna haifar da damuwa. Har ila yau, yana inganta ingancin kai ta hanyar barin mutane su jimre da nasu hanyar. PFA ta yi ƙoƙari ta kasance mai hankali ga al'adu, amma ko an nuna shi ko a'a. Koyaya, matsala ita ce rashin shaidar kwarewa. Duk da yake ya dogara ne akan bincike, bincike bai tabbatar da shi ba. Binciken haɗin kai na 2024 ya kammala cewa bambancin da ke cikin ka'idojin PFA yana iyakance ikon isa ga yanke shawara na kimiyya. Kamar hanyar debriefing, PFA ya zama sananne ba tare da gwaji ba, duk da haka debriefning yana da alaƙa da sakamako mai cutarwa yayin da PFA musamman ke guje wa debriefings.

## Bayani

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* Uhernik & Husson. 2009. PFA: "Bayanin Bayani na Bayani don Amsawar Kiwon Lafiya ta Halin Halin Halitta". Matsalar ba da shawara mai ƙarfi. 271–280.
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## Manazarta