Sarah Churchill, Duchess na Marlborough

**Sarah Churchill, Duchess ta Marlborough** (ɗan'uwa **Jenyns**, ta rubuta wa **Jennings** a mafi yawan nassoshi na zamani;  5 ga Yuni 1660 (Tsohon Salo)&nbsp;– 18 ga Oktoba 1744), ta kasance mai kula da fadar Ingila wacce ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mata mafi tasiri a lokacinta ta hanyar dangantakarta ta kud da kud da Anne, Sarauniyar Burtaniya . Tasirin Churchill akan Anne sananne ne sosai, kuma manyan mutane kan mayar da hankalinsu gare ta, suna fatan samun tagomashi daga sarauniya.

Churchill ta ji daɗin dangantaka mai "dogon lokaci da sadaukarwa" da mijinta na tsawon shekaru sama da 40, Janar John Churchill, Duke na 1 na Marlborough .  Bayan da aka sauke mahaifin Anne, Sarki James na 2, a lokacin juyin juya hali mai girma, Churchill ya yi aiki a matsayin wakilin Anne, yana tallata muradunta a lokacin mulkin William na 3 da Mary na 2. Lokacin da Anne ta hau mulki bayan mutuwar William a 1702, John Churchill da Sidney Godolphin, Earl na 1 na Godolphin, sun hau kan mulki, wani ɓangare saboda Duchess.

A lokacin da John Churchill ke yaƙi a Yaƙin Maye Gurbin Sifaniya, Duchess ta sanar da shi game da makircin kotu kuma ta isar da buƙatunsa da shawarwarin siyasa ga Sarauniya.  Duchess ta yi yaƙin neman zaɓe ba tare da gajiyawa ba a madadin Whigs, yayin da kuma ta sadaukar da kanta ga ayyukan gini kamar Fadar Blenheim . Duk da haka, burinta na siyasa ya kawo cikas ga dangantakarta da Sarauniya; dangantakarsu ta ƙare a 1711, kuma an kori Duke da Duchess daga kotu. Daga baya, Churchill ta sami rashin jituwa da manyan mutane da yawa, ciki har da 'yarta Henrietta Godolphin, Duchess ta 2 ta Marlborough ; mai tsara Fadar Blenheim, John Vanbrugh ; Firayim Minista Robert Walpole ; Sarki George na II ; da matarsa, Sarauniya Caroline . Kuɗin da ta gada daga amintaccen Marlborough ya bar ta ɗaya daga cikin mata mafiya arziki a Turai, kuma ta mallaki gidaje 27 a lokacin mutuwarta.    Ta mutu a 1744, tana da shekaru 84, kuma an binne ta a Blenheim.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Sarah Jennings a cikin dangin talakawa masu talauci a ranar 5 ga Yuni, 1660, wataƙila a Holywell House da ke St Albans, Hertfordshire.  Mahaifinta Richard Jennings ne (ko Jenyns), ɗan Majalisa ; mahaifiyarta Frances Thornhurst ce, 'yar Susanna Temple .  Kakanta na uba shine Sir John Jennings, kuma kawunta Martin Lister fitaccen masanin halitta ne. Ba ta sami ilimi na yau da kullun ba, kuma ba ta da tabbas game da rubutun hannunta har ma da tsufa. 

A shekara ta 1664, an naɗa 'yar'uwar Sarah Frances a matsayin mai hidimar girmamawa ga matar farko ta Duke of York (mai jiran gado na Sarki James II), Anne Hyde, Duchess ta York .  Duk da cewa James ya tilasta wa Frances barin mukamin saboda aurenta da wani Katolika, George Hamilton, a shekara ta 1665.  Duk da haka, James bai manta da Jennings ba. A shekara ta 1673, lokacin da Sarah ke da shekaru 13, ta shiga kotu a matsayin mai hidimar girmamawa ga matar James ta biyu: Mary ta Modena .  Sarah ba ta ji daɗin kasancewa a kotu ba, amma ta zauna a ofishinta don ta sami kuɗin sadakin da aka saba ba wa masu hidimar girmamawa lokacin da suka gama hidimarsu. Bugu da ƙari, an ba ta albashin shekara-shekara na £20 kawai; kiyaye matsayinta ya kai sama da £500 kowace shekara, domin dole ne ta bi kotu daga wuri zuwa wuri, ta riƙe mai hidimarta, da kuma siyan sabbin tufafi don bukukuwa.  Sarah ta fara zama abokiya da ƙaramar Gimbiya Anne, 'yar Duke na York, a shekara ta 1675.

## Aure
A ƙarshen shekarar 1675, lokacin da take da shekaru goma sha biyar, ta haɗu da John Churchill, yana da shekaru 10 a sama, kuma su biyun suka kamu da soyayya.  Churchill ya kasance masoyin uwargidan Charles II Barbara Palmer, Duchess ta 1 ta Cleveland, kuma kadarorinsa suna cikin bashi sosai.  Sarah tana da abokin hamayyarta ga Churchill a cikin Catherine Sedley, uwargidan James II mai arziki da kuma zaɓin mahaifin Churchill, Sir Winston Churchill, wanda ke da sha'awar dawo da dukiyar iyalin.  John Churchill yana iya fatan ɗaukar Sarah a matsayin uwargida maimakon Duchess ta Cleveland, wacce ta tafi Faransa kwanan nan, amma wasiƙun da suka tsira daga Jennings zuwa Churchill sun nuna rashin son ɗaukar wannan matsayin.  

A shekara ta 1677, ɗan'uwan Sarah Ralph ya mutu, kuma ita da 'yan'uwanta Frances da Barbara suka zama magada na gidajen iyali a Hertfordshire da Kent .  Samun dukiya kwatsam ya rage adawar Churchills da wannan aure, kuma daga ƙarshe John Churchill ya zaɓi Sarah maimakon Catherine Sedley.  Duk da cewa ba a rubuta ranar da za a yi auren ba, ma'auratan sun yi aure a asirce a lokacin hunturu na 1677–78.   An sanar da auren ne kawai ga Duchess na York da wasu ƙananan abokai domin Sarah ta ci gaba da riƙe matsayinta na mai hidima a kotu.  An sanar da aurenta a bainar jama'a a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1678 lokacin da ta yi ciki.

## manazarta