Jean Rostand

**Jean Edmond Cyrus Rostand** (30 ga Oktoba 1894 - 4 ga Satumba 1977) masanin kimiyyar halitta ne na Faransa, masanin tarihin kimiyya, kuma masanin falsafa.

Mai aiki a matsayin masanin kimiyyar gwaji, Rostand ya zama sananne saboda aikinsa a matsayin marubucin kimiyya, da kuma masanin falsafa da mai fafutuka. Ayyukansa na kimiyya sun rufe fannoni daban-daban na ilmin halitta kamar amphibian embryology, parthenogenesis da teratogeny, yayin da wallafe-wallafen da ya fitar ya kai ga shahararren kimiyya, Tarihin kimiyya da falsafar. Ayyukansa a fannin cryogenics ya ba da ra'ayin cryonics ga Robert Ettinger .  Ya yi sha'awar ɗabi'a da ɗabi'ar halittar a cikin ilmin halitta kuma ya rubuta game da pseudoscience, amfani da kimiyya don yaƙi, ya rubuta game le wariyar launin fata kuma ya goyi bayan daidaito da 'yanci.

Tsibirin Rostand a Antarctica an sanya masa suna.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Rostand was born in Paris to playwright Edmond Rostand and poet Rosemonde Gérard.  He was the brother of novelist and playwright Maurice Rostand.&#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup> His paternal grandfather Eugène Rostand had been a political scientist and economist. The family moved to Cambo-les-Bains in 1900 and Rostand grew up with a fascination for natural history in these surroundings. He was educated by home tutors and read the works of J. H. Fabre, Claude Bernard and Charles Darwin. He then went to study natural sciences at the University of Sorbonne and graduated in 1914.

Binciken ilimin halitta na Rostand ya fara ne tare da aiki a kan paedogenesis a cikin kwari, karatu a kan silkworms da dragonflies kafin fara aiki a kan embryology a cikin kwara. A cikin 1910 ya sami damar haifar da parthenogenesis a cikin ƙwai na Rana temporaria . Daga nan sai ya bincika [[polydactyly]] da shigar da shi ta hanyar sinadarai a cikin kwari kuma ya yi nazarin adanawar lubuto ta amfani da glycerine. Ya kuma bincika ƙudurin jima'i a cikin kwari. Don aikinsa a ilmin halitta ya sami kyautar Henry de Parville a 1934 da kuma kyautar Binoux a 1941

Biye da sawun mahaifinsa, an zabi Rostand a Académie française a shekarar 1959. 

Rostand was active in several causes, in particular against nuclear proliferation and the [[Hukuncin Kisa|death penalty]]. An agnostic, he demonstrated humanist convictions. He wrote several books on the question of eugenism and the responsibilities of mankind regarding its own fate and its place in nature. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

Rostand ya yi sha'awar musamman ga tarihin kimiyya kuma musamman ya jaddada jinkirin tsari wanda aka ƙaddara gaskiyar kimiyya da kuma yadda suka fito daga hulɗar mutane da yawa kuma ya nuna bukatar tawali'u, musamman saboda kuskuren ma'aikata. Don aikinsa a cikin yaduwar kimiyya ya sami Kyautar Kalinga a shekara ta 1959.   

A cikin gabatarwar fitowar Italiyanci ta 1959 na mutuminsa na wucin gadi, Rostand ya ga bayyanar wucinayi, maye gurbin jinsi, haihuwar budurwa,  da kuma gyare-gyaren DNA kafin da bayan haihuwa.

Rostand ya auri dan uwan Andrée Mante a 1920 kuma suna da ɗa François wanda ya zama masanin lissafi. Bayan 1922 ya kafa dakin gwaje-gwaje a gidansa a Ville d'Avray kuma ya fara gudanar da mafi yawan bincikensa a can, ba tare da buƙatun hukuma ba. Zai sadu da mutane daga sha'awa iri-iri a gidansa a ranakun Lahadi. Ya mutu ne bayan rashin lafiya a gida.

## Ayyuka

* *Komawar matalauta*, 1919 - *Komawar matalauta*
* La loi des riches, 1920 - **'Dokar masu arziki**'
* *Yayin da muke ci gaba da wahala*, 1921 - Yayin da suke ci gaba da jimrewa*Yayin da wahala ke jimrewa*
* *Ignace ko marubucin*, 1923 - Ignace o marubuci
* Damuwa biyu: mutuwa, soyayya, 1924 - Damuwa guda biyu: soyayya da mutuwa*Rashin tausayi guda biyu: soyayya da mutuwa*
* Daga banza da wasu batutuwa, 1925 - *Daga banza da sauran batutuwa da yawa*
* Familiotes da sauran gwaje-gwaje na mystique bourgeoise, 1925 - The familiotes da sauran rubuce-rubuce na bourgeois mystique*Familiotes da sauran rubutun burgeshi*
* De l'amour des idées , 1926 - A kan *Ƙaunar ra'ayoyiA kan ƙaunar ra'ayoyi*
* *Aure*, 1927 - *Aure*
* *Valere ko Mai Fushi*, 1927 - Valère ko The mai fushi*Valère ko kuma wadanda suka yi fushi*
* Julien ko Wata lamiri, 1928 - **'Julien ko lamiri**'
* *Chromosomes, masu sana'a na gado da jima'i*, 1929 - Chromosomas, masu sanaʼa na gado*Chromosomes, masu sana'a na gado da jima'i*
* Daga kwari zuwa Mutum, 1930 - *Daga tashi zuwa mutum*
* *Yanayin yanzu na canzawa*, 1931 - Yanayin yanzu*Yanayin canji na yanzu*
* *Jaridar hali*, 1931 - Jaridar hali
* L'Évolution des espèces, 1932 - *Juyin halitta na jinsuna*
* *Matsalolin gado da jima'i*, 1933 - Matsalolin gadō da jima'in
* *Labarin Dan Adam*, 1933 - *Labarin ɗan adam*
* *Rayuwar dragonflies*, 1935 - Rayuwar dragonfly
* *Kwari*, 1936 - *Kwari*
* Sabuwar ilmin halitta, 1937 - Sabuwar ilkin halitta*Sabon ilmin halitta*
* Biologie da magani, 1938 - Biology da magani*Ilimin halitta da magani*
* *Halitta da wariyar launin fata*, 1938 - Halitta*Halitta da wariyar launin fata*
* *Tunanin masanin kimiyyar halittu*, 1938 - Tunanin daga masanin kimiwyar halitta*Tunanin daga masanin halitta*
* *Rayuwa da matsalolinta*, 1938 - *Rayuwa da matsalolinta* ta
* *Kimiyya da tsara*, 1940 - *Kimiyya da ƙarni*
* *Sabbin ra'ayoyin kwayoyin halitta*, 1941 - Sabbin raʼayoyin kwayoyi*Sabbin ra'ayoyi a cikin kwayar halitta*
* *Mutum, gabatarwa ga nazarin ilmin halitta na mutum*, 1941 - Mutum, gajeren ga nazarin ilman halitta*Mutum, gabatarwa ga nazarin ilmin halitta na mutum*
* *Mutum, maigidan rayuwa*, 1941 - Mutum, maigdan rayuwa
* **'Mutanen gaskiya**', 1942 - Mutanen gaskiya
* *Makomar ilmin halitta*, 1943 - *Makomar ilmin halitta*
* La genèse de la vie, tarihin ra'ayoyi game da tsara ta kai tsaye, 1943 - Farawa na rayuwa, tarihin ra-ayoyi game le tsara ta kai take tsaye*Farawa na rayuwa, tarihin ra'ayoyin game da tsara ta kai tsaye*
* *Rayuwar tsutsotsi na siliki*, 1944 - Rayuwar magunguna*Rayuwar maciji*
* *Bayani game da tarihin ilmin halitta*, 1945 - Sketch of a history of biology*Hoton tarihin ilmin halitta*
* *Makomar ilmin halitta*, 1946 - *Makomar ilmin halitta*
* *Mene ne yaro? * , 1946 - *Menene yaro?*
* *Charles Darwin*, 1947
* Sabbin tunani na masanin halitta, 1947 - *Sabbin tunani daga masanin halitta*
* *Halitta ta ɗan adam*, 1948 - Halitta na ɗan adam
* **'Mutanen gaskiya II**', 1948 - Mutanen gaskiya 2
* Biology da makomar ɗan adam, 1949 - Biology da kuma makomar ɗan Adam*Ilimin halitta da makomar ɗan adam*
* *Mutum a gaban ilmin halitta*, 1949 - *Mutum yana fuskantar ilmin halitta*
* *Parthenogenesis, haihuwar budurwa a cikin dabbobi*, 1949 - Parthenogesis, haihuwar Budurwa a cikin Dabbobi*Parthenogenesis, haihuwar budurwa a cikin dabbobi*
* *Parthenogenesis na dabba*, 1949 - Parthenogesis na dabba
* *Halitta na Batracians*, 1951 - Halitta ta Batrachian*Kwayoyin halittar Batrachian*
* Babban hanyoyin ilmin halitta, 1951 - Babban yanayin ilmin halitta*Babban yanayin a cikin ilmin halitta*
* **'Asalin ilimin halitta na gwaji da Abbé Spallanzani**', 1951 - Asalin ilimin halittu na gwaji da kuma Abbe Spellanzani
* *Halitta ta ɗan adam*, 1952 - Halitta na ɗan adam
* Shafukan wani mai ɗabi'a, 1952 - Shafukan da wani mai ɗoki ya yi*Shafuka daga mai ɗabi'a*
* *Abin da kwari da kwari ke koya mana*, 1953 - Abin da kwara da kwari suka koya mana*Abin da kwari da kwari ke koya mana*
* *Rayuwa, wannan kasada*, 1953 - Rayuwa, wancan kasada
* *Abin da na yi imani*, 1953 - Abin da na gaskata*Abin da na yi imani*
* *Koyarwa game da Mutum*, 1953 - Koyarwa akan Mutum*Don Koyarwa ga Mutum*
* Bayanan masanin halitta, 1954 - *Bayanan daga masanin halitta*
* *Tsuntsaye da kwari da wasu manyan matsalolin halittu*, 1955 - Tsuntsaye, kwari da 'yan manyan matsaloli a ilmin halitta*Tsuntsaye, kwari da wasu manyan matsaloli a ilmin halitta*
* *Matsalar halitta ta mutum*, 1955 - *Matsalar halitta ta mutum*
* *Mutum a cikin shekara ta 2000*, 1956 - Mutum a cikin afọ 2000
* *Shin za a iya canza mutum?* , 1956 - *Za mu iya canza Mutum?*
* *Atomism a cikin ilmin halitta*, 1956 - Atomism in biology*Atomism a cikin ilmin halitta*
* Bestiaire d'amour, 1958 - Wani bestiary na soyayya*Tarihin soyayya*
* *A cikin tushen ilmin halitta*, 1958 - A cikin tushen ilimin halitta*A tushen ilmin halitta*
* Anomalies des amphibiens anoures, 1958 - Anomalies na anurian amphibians*Rashin daidaituwa na amphibians na Anurian*
* Kimiyya ta ƙarya da kimiyyar ƙarya, 1958 - Kimiyya ta kuskure da kimiyya ta ƙarya*Kimiyya mara kyau da kimiyyar ƙarya*
* *Asalin ilimin halitta na gwaji*, 1959 - *Asalin ilimin halitta na gwaji*
* *Littafin masanin kimiyyar halittu*, 1959 - Littafin rubutu na masanin kimiwyar halitta*Shafin rubutu na masanin halitta*
* **'Fata da damuwa na Mutum**', 1959 - Fata da damuwar Mutum

## Manazarta