Russell Jones (masanin Gabas)

**Russell Jones** (14 Afrilu 1926 - 9 Yuni 2019  ) ɗan Gabas ɗan Biritaniya ne wanda ya yi bincike kan harsuna da al'adun Malay da Indonesiya a ma'ana. Shi sanannen masani ne na adabin Malay na zamani,  musamman idan ya zo ga danganta nassosi da rubutun hannu. Sauran bukatunsa sun hada da tasirin kasashen waje a kan Malay da Indonesian, Sinawa a cikin Nanyang, da tarihin yin takarda. Bincikensa ya mayar da hankali kan takarda da alamun ruwa na rubutun Malay.

 

## Rayuwa da aiki
Haɗin da ya yi da Indonesia da Malaysia ya haifar da haɗarin da aka yi masa a kudu maso gabashin Asiya a matsayin matashi soja. An haife shi a Ingila, kusa da iyakar Welsh, kuma ya girma a gona a Shropshire. Ya bar makaranta yana da shekaru 16, kuma tun lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, yana da shekaru goma sha takwas ya shiga cikin Royal Marines. A aika zuwa Singapore a 1945, sannan zuwa Batavia, Dutch East Indies, ya yi wahayi zuwa ga sha'awar dindindin a Malay da Indonesian. Da yake an yi wahayi zuwa gare shi don ƙarin koyo game da duniyar Malay da ya gano, a lokacin da ya dawo Ingila ya yi karatun Malay a Makarantar Nazarin Gabas da Afirka a London.

Shekaru goma, daga 1948, ya yi aiki a cikin Ma'aikatar mulkin mallaka, yana aiki a Ma'aikatu ta Malaya. An kafa shi a tsakanin sauran wurare a Perlis da Kelantan, kuma a cikin 1950 yana da aikin gabatar da kula da shige da fice a karon farko a Johor. Wannan shine lokacin gaggawa (yunkurin kwaminisanci), kuma batutuwan tsaro sun shafi aikin Ma'aikatar Shige da Fice. A ƙarshen aikinsa ya rike mukamin Babban Mataimakin Mai Kula da Shige da Fice a hedkwatar da ke Penang.

Sha'awarsa ga Sinanci ya tashi a wannan lokacin. Ya sami ilimin yaren Hokkien na Sinanci (Minnanhua), kuma ya ɗauki jarrabawar gwamnati a cikin magana na Amoy Hokkien bayan karatun sirri a Singapore da Penang. Wannan ya ba shi damar gabatar da tsarin yin rikodin sunayen Sinanci a cikin sashen, bisa ga haruffa na Sinanci, kuma a ƙarshe ya haifar da buga littafi akan sunayen Sunanci,  da kuma wani akan kalmomin rance na Sinansi a cikin Malay da Indonesian. 

Da ya dawo Turai bayan Merdeka, ya ci gaba da karatunsa wanda ya hada da Malay, Dutch da Larabci, da tarihin Islama, a Makarantar Nazarin Gabas da Afirka, sannan ya biyo bayan shekaru uku na binciken digiri a Jami'ar Leiden. A shekara ta 1961 ya tafi Ostiraliya, inda ya kasance malami a Malay a Sashen Nazarin Indonesiya da Malay a karkashin F. H. van Naerssen a Jami'ar Sydney  har zuwa 1965. Ayyukansa na ilimi har sai da ya yi ritaya a 1984 ya kasance a SOAS, Jami'ar London, kuma inda daga baya ya kasance mai girmamawa na Bincike. Gabaɗaya ya buga kusan labarai da littattafai sittin.

A shekara ta 1973 ya taimaka wajen kafa aikin Indonesian Etymological Project na kasa da kasa, wanda ya tattara kusan kalmomin aro dubu ashirin a cikin Indonesian da Malay, wanda ya haifar da buga littafi a shekara ta 2007,  kuma an sanya shi a shafin yanar gizo a Bangkok,  / Indonesia. Har ila yau, a cikin 1973 ya taimaka wajen kafa wata takarda wacce a tsawon shekaru aka canza ta zuwa mujallar ilimi Indonesia da Malay World, wanda Routledge ya buga.

Shirye-shiryen Ph.D., a kan labarin Sufi, Ibrahim ibn Adham, ya huta sosai a kan tushen rubutun Malay (da wasu Larabci). Wannan da bincike na gaba a cikin rubuce-rubucen Malay, kusan duk an rubuta su a kan takarda na Dutch ko Birtaniya ko Italiyanci, sun kawo fahimtar bukatar nazarin alamun ruwa don kafa ranar da aka rubuta su, ko kwafe su. Ba da daɗewa ba ya gano cewa wannan kimiyya na filigranology yana da hanyar zama sha'awar cinyewa ga waɗanda suka ɗauka. Bayan fiye da shekaru arba'in da aka sadaukar da shi ga filigranology na rubuce-rubucen Malay / Indonesian ya zama wani abu na iko - watakila shi kaɗai - a wannan filin da aka yi watsi da shi. Yayin da yake gabatowa ƙarshen rayuwarsa ta aiki ya sadaukar da kansa don ba da iliminsa ga ƙarni na gaba na masu ilimin ƙididdigar Indonesiya da Malay.

Lokacin da ya yi ritaya, ya zauna a Cornwall, Ingila.

## Littattafan da aka zaɓa

* Jones, Russell (1959) Sunayen Sinanci: Bayani game da Amfani da Sunayen da Sunayin Mutum ta Sinanci a Malaya. Singapore: Ofishin Malayan na Royal Asiatic Society . Wannan takarda na *Jarida* Society (Vol. XXXII, Sashe na 3, Agusta 1959) ya dogara ne akan binciken da aka gudanar a Penang a cikin 1958-59 kuma yana rufe abubuwan da ke cikin sunaye, bambance-bambance a cikin waɗannan, haruffa da aka yi amfani da su, rubutun Yamma da sauya sunaye kuma galibi yana mai da hankali kan sunayen da aka yi aiki a cikin Mandarin, Cantonese, Hokkien da Teochew.
* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]  (1979) Tarihin Juyowa Goma daga Indonesia a cikin N. Levtzion ed., "Maida hankali ga Islama", shafi na 129-58.&nbsp;
* Jones, Russell (1985) Hikayat Sultan Ibrahim Ibn Adham =: Ḥikāyat Sulṭān Ibrāhīm Ibn Adʹham: wani bugu na Anonymous Malay Text tare da Fassara da Bayani. Berkeley, Calif: Cibiyar Nazarin Kudancin da Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, Jami'ar California, Bugawa.
* Jones, Russell, Carstairs Douglas, da Thomas Barclay.  (2007) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120213003310/http://www.kitlv.nl/pdf_documents/asia-loan.pdf Kalmomin aro a cikin Indonesian da Malay]*. Leiden: KITLV Press.
* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]  (1997) **. Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia: Littattafan Pelanduk

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