Kimiyyar sabonta muhalli

Kimiyya ta injiniyan muhalli (**EES**) wani bangare ne na fannoni da yawa na kimiyyar injiniya wanda ya haɗu da kimiyyar halitta, sinadarai da jiki tsaye da fagen injiniya. Wannan babban al'ada yana buƙatar ɗaliban su ɗauki darussan injiniya na asali a fannoni kamar su thermodynamics, ƙididdigar ƙididdiga, ƙirar kwamfuta da ƙira da kuma darussan fasaha a cikin batutuwa kamar su statics, injiniya, hydrology, da kuma ruwa. Yayin da dalibi ke ci gaba, ɗaliban zaɓaɓɓen ɗalibai na sama suna ƙayyade takamaiman filin karatu ga ɗalibin da ke da zaɓi a cikin ɗaliban kimiyya, fasaha da ɗaliban da suka shafi injiniya.

## Bambanci da fannoni masu alaƙa

A matsayin shirin da aka ƙirƙira kwanan nan, kimiyyar injiniyan muhalli har yanzu ba a shigar da ita cikin ƙamus ɗin da aka samo a tsakanin ƙwararrun mahalli ba.  A cikin ƴan kwalejojin injiniya waɗanda ke ba da wannan manyan, tsarin karatun yana raba azuzuwan gama gari tare da injiniyan muhalli fiye da yadda yake da kimiyyar muhalli.  Yawanci, ɗaliban EES suna bin irin wannan tsarin koyarwa tare da injiniyoyin muhalli har sai filayensu sun bambanta a cikin shekarar da ta gabata ta kwaleji.  Yawancin ɗaliban injiniyan muhalli dole ne su ɗauki azuzuwan da aka tsara don haɗa iliminsu na muhalli zuwa kayan gini na zamani da hanyoyin gini.  Ana nufin wannan don jagorantar injiniyan muhalli zuwa fagen da za su fi iya taimakawa wajen gina wuraren jiyya, shirya kimanta tasirin muhalli ko taimakawa wajen rage gurɓacewar iska daga takamaiman tushe.

A halin yanzu, ɗaliban kimiyyar injiniyan muhalli za su zaɓi shugabanci don aiki. Daga kewayon zaɓuɓɓukan da za su zaɓa daga, waɗannan ɗalibai na iya shiga cikin fannoni kamar ƙirar wuraren ajiyar nukiliya, ƙwayoyin cuta ko Manufofin muhalli. Wadannan dalibai sun hada da zane-zane na injiniya tare da cikakkiyar ka'idar da aka samu a yawancin kimiyyar halitta da jiki.

## Bayyanawa a jami'o'i

### Jami'ar Stanford
Sashen Injiniya da Muhalli a Jami'ar Stanford yana ba da bayanin da ke biyowa don shirin su a Injiniya na Muhalli da Kimiyya: Shirin Injiniya ta Muhalli da Kimiyyar Kimiyya (EES) yana mai da hankali kan hanyoyin sunadarai da halittu da ke cikin aikin injiniya mai inganci, gurɓataccen ruwa da iska, gyare-gyare da sarrafa abubuwa masu haɗari, bayyanar mutum ga gurɓata, fasahar muhalli, da kariya ta muhalli.

### UC Berkeley
Kwalejin Injiniya a UC Berkeley ta bayyana Kimiyya ta Injiniya ta Muhalli, gami da wadannan: Wannan filin ne na fannoni da yawa wanda ke buƙatar haɗin ka'idodin jiki, sunadarai da halittu tare da nazarin injiniya don kare muhalli da maidowa. Shirin ya ƙunshi darussan daga sassan da yawa a harabar don ƙirƙirar horo wanda ya dogara sosai da kimiyya da injiniya, yayin da yake magance batutuwan muhalli iri-iri. Kodayake wani zaɓi na injiniyan muhalli ya wanzu a cikin babban aikin injiniya, tsarin karatun kimiyyar injiniya yana ba da tushe mai zurfi a cikin kimiyya fiye da yadda zai yiwu a cikin aikin injiniya

### Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts
A MIT, an bayyana manyan a cikin tsarin karatun su, gami da wadannan: Babban digiri na Kimiyya a Kimiyyar Injiniyan Muhalli yana jaddada mahimman hanyoyin jiki, sinadarai, da nazarin halittu waɗanda suka wajaba don fahimtar hulɗar tsakanin mutum da muhalli.  Batutuwan da aka yi la’akari da su sun hada da samar da ruwa mai tsafta da abin dogaro, hasashen hasashen ambaliyar ruwa da kariya, bunkasa hanyoyin samar da makamashi da ba za a iya sabunta su ba, haddasawa da tasirin sauyin yanayi, da tasirin ayyukan dan Adam a kan zagayowar yanayi.

### Jami'ar Florida
Kwalejin Injiniya a UF ta bayyana Kimiyya ta Injiniya ta Muhalli kamar haka:Tsarin karatun injiniyan muhalli na EES ya ba sashen matsayi a matsayin babban shirin digiri. Takardar digiri na farko na injiniya na ABET ya dogara ne akan ka'idojin jiki, sunadarai, da na halitta don magance matsalolin muhalli da ke shafar iska, ƙasa, da albarkatun ruwa. Wani tsari na ba da shawara ciki har da zaɓaɓɓen baiwa, wanda mai kula da digiri na farko ke jagoranta, yana jagorantar kowane ɗalibi ta hanyar shirin.Manufofin ilimi na shirin EES a Jami'ar Florida sune samar da masu aikin injiniya da daliban digiri waɗanda suka kammala shekaru 3-5 bayan kammala karatun:

Ci gaba da koyo, haɓaka da kuma amfani da iliminsu da ƙwarewarsu don ganowa, hanawa, da warware matsalolin muhalli. Kasancewa da ayyukan da ke amfanar al'umma sakamakon kwarewarsu ta ilimi a kimiyya, nazarin injiniya da ƙira, da kuma karatun zamantakewa da al'adu.

Sadarwa da aiki yadda ya kamata a duk saitunan aiki ciki har da waɗanda ke da fannoni da yawa.

## Ayyukan karamin rukuni
Ayyukan karamin rukuni a wannan fagen yana buƙatar ɗalibin ya ɗauki darussan da yawa na dakin gwaje-gwaje a cikin lissafin lissafi, ilmin sunadarai, ilmin halitta, shirye-shirye da bincike. An yi niyyar ba da bayanan dalibai don gabatar da su ga fannonin injiniya da kuma shirya su don ƙarin bayanan fasaha a cikin aikin karatun su na sama.

## Ayyukan ajiyar ajiya

Kayan aji na sama a cikin Kimiyya ta Injiniya ta Muhalli yana shirya ɗalibi don aiki a fannonin injiniya da kimiyya tare da aiki a cikin batutuwa ciki har da waɗannan: 

* Injin ruwa
* Injiniyoyin kayan aiki
* Thermodynamics
* Injiniyan muhalli
* Ci gaban lissafi da kididdiga
* Ilimin ƙasa
* Kimiyyar Jiki, kwayoyin halitta da na yanayiilmin sunadarai na sararin samaniya
* Biochemistry
* Ilimin halittu
* Muhalli

## Zaɓuɓɓuka

### Injiniyanci
A kan wannan waƙa, ana gabatar da ɗalibai ga mahimman hanyoyin amsawa a fagen injiniyan sunadarai da na kwayoyin halitta.
Fayil:IGCC_diagram.svg|Considering a more environmentally friendly process for coal gasification


### Injiniyan kayan aiki
don waƙarsa, ɗalibai suna ɗaukar darasi suna gabatar da su hanyoyin da za a kiyaye albarkatun ƙasa.  Wannan na iya haɗawa da azuzuwan ilimin sunadarai na ruwa, tsaftar muhalli, konewa, gurɓataccen iska da sarrafa sharar rediyoaktif.
Fayil:Luotsimäki.jpg| Using design knowledge to make better wastewater treatment facilities
Fayil:Transuranic_waste_casks.jpg| Designing a safe way to store nuclear waste
Wannan yana nazarin geoengineering dalla-dalla.
Fayil:Carbon_sequestration-2009-10-07.svg| Sequestering carbon from the atmosphere


### Muhalli
Wannan yana shirya ɗalibai don amfani da ilimin injiniya da ilimin kimiyya don warware hulɗar tsakanin shuke-shuke, dabbobi da biosphere. 
Fayil:Ecosystem_Componants.jpg| How to alter certain biological interactions in order to optimise survival of the system
Fayil:Enhydra_lutris.png| Examining how the harvesting of kelp effects the sea otter population


### Ilimin halittu
Wannan ya haɗa da ƙarin ilimi game da microbial, kwayoyin halitta da ilmin halitta. Darussan na iya haɗawa da ilmin halitta, ilmin kwayar cuta, ilmin microbial da ilmin shuke-shuke
Fayil:Ebola_virus_em.jpg| Understanding the way in which viruses function in order to safely sanitize water supplies
Fayil:Gram_Stain_Anthrax.jpg| Understanding the metabolism of bacteria in order to see how their proliferation effects the climate
Fayil:Plagiomnium_affine_laminazellen.jpeg| Using the biological design of chloroplasts to design a more effective way of turning solar energy into future sources of power


### Manufofin
Wannan yana rufe hanyoyin da za a iya kare muhalli ta hanyar siyasa. Ana yin wannan ta hanyar gabatar da ɗalibai ga kayan aiki masu inganci da yawa a cikin aji kamar tattalin arziki, ilimin zamantakewa, kimiyyar siyasa da makamashi da albarkatu.
Fayil:Supply_demand.jpg| Koyo game da tattalin arziki don sanin nauyin kuɗi da zai iya ɗauka don aiwatar da fasaha na "maganin muhalli"


## Yankunan aiki
Dabarun darussa da yawa a cikin Kimiyyar Injiniyan Muhalli yana ba ɗalibi ƙwarewa a fagagen fasaha masu alaƙa da sha'awar kansu.  Yayin da wasu daliban da suka kammala karatun digiri ke zabar yin amfani da wannan babbar manhajar don zuwa makarantar digiri, daliban da suka zabi aiki sukan shiga fannonin injiniyan farar hula da muhalli, fasahar kere-kere, da bincike.  Koyaya, ƙarancin ilimin lissafi, shirye-shirye da asalin rubutu yana ba ɗalibai dama don bin aikin IT da rubuce-rubucen fasaha.