Canjin yanayi a Oklahoma

**[[Canjin yanayi]] a [[Oklahoma]]** ya ƙunshi tasirin canjin yanayi, wanda aka danganta da karuwar mutum a cikin carbon dioxide na yanayi, a cikin jihar Oklahoma ta Amurka.

Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka ta lura cewa: "A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, Oklahoma za ta zama mai dumi, kuma ambaliyar ruwa da fari na iya zama mafi tsanani. Yawancin Oklahoma ba su zama masu zafi ba a cikin shekaru 50 zuwa 100 da suka gabata. "  Amma ƙasa ta zama bushe, ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya karu, kuma ruwan sama da yawa yana faruwa a cikin ruwan sama mai yawa. A cikin shekarun da ke zuwa, lokacin rani zai iya zama mai zafi da bushewa, wanda zai rage yawan amfanin gona da ranches, sauyawa, kuma mai yiwuwa lafiyar ɗan adam. "

An kuma lura cewa filayen Oklahoma "suna da mahimmanci a cikin gwagwarmayar yanayi da canjin yanayi" saboda ikon su na kamawa da adana carbon.

## Siyasa na canjin yanayi a Oklahoma

Tattaunawar canjin yanayi a Oklahoma an bayyana su a matsayin "mai hankali", kamar yadda Oklahoma ta kasance mai ra'ayin mazan jiya da addini, inda masana'antar mai da iskar gas ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tattalin arziki.

A cikin 2015, binciken da aka gano Woodward County, Oklahoma a matsayin daya daga cikin yankunan da ke shakkar yanayi a Amurka. 

Oklahoma ita ce gidan Sanata Jim Inhofe, wanda ya yi aiki daga 1994 zuwa 2023 kuma an san shi da jefa ƙwallon dusar ƙanƙara a Majalisar Dattijan Amurka a cikin 2015 "a cikin ƙoƙari na karyata abin da ya gani a matsayin ƙaddamarwa mai ban tsoro game da canjin yanayi da mutum ya yi, "  da kuma ɗan siyasa da Mai shakka game da yanayi Jim Bridenstine. Bridenstine ya canza matsayinsa game da yanayi bayan ya zama mai kula da NASA a cikin 2018. Tsohon Babban lauyan Oklahoma Scott Pruitt, wanda ke da alaƙa da masana'antar man fetur, ya yi aiki a matsayin Mai kula da Hukumar Kare Muhalli daga 2017-2018. 

Ambaliyar ruwa babbar damuwa ce a jihar, musamman a yayin ruwan sama mai yawa. Birane irin su Tulsa suna amsawa tare da kokarin kula da ambaliyar ruwa a shirye-shiryen abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi, ba tare da amfani da kalmar Canjin yanayi ba.

Duk da muhawara ta yanzu game da kalmomin da suka dace, idan aka kalli daga tarihi maimakon hangen nesa na siyasa, a bayyane yake cewa yanayin Oklahoma ya canza sosai tun lokacin guguwar ƙura ta shekarun 1930, wanda ya faru bayan shekaru na fari da ayyukan noma marasa kyau. An tattara albarkatun karatun kan layi ta hanyar shirin NASA, NSF da NOAA, "The Earth Science System Education Alliance (ESSEA) " a ƙarƙashin taken "Dust Bowl: Shin Canjin Yanayi Yana Fara Wani?," wanda ke bawa ɗalibai damar tantance tarihin Dust Bowl na shekarun 1930 daga hangen nesa na karni na 21 na kwamfutoci da tarin bayanai na sararin samaniya.

## Ruwan sama da albarkatun ruwa

Oklahoma's Water by 2060 shirin kira ga Oklahoma da ta yi amfani da "babu wani ruwa mai kyau a cikin 2060 fiye da yadda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin 2012."

"Changar yanayi na iya ƙara buƙatun ruwa amma ya sa ya zama ƙasa. Yayin da yanayin zafi ya karu da evaporation da amfani da ruwa ta shuke-shuke, ƙasa na iya zama mafi bushewa. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na iya raguwa a lokacin bazara da rani. Shekaru saba'in daga yanzu, mafi tsawo ba tare da ruwan sama a kowace shekara zai iya zama aƙalla kwana uku fiye da yadda yake a yau. "  Ƙarin evaporation kuma raguwar ruwan sama na yiwu zai rage matsakaicin koguna da raƙuman ruwa. "

"Ragewar kwararar kogi na iya haifar da matsaloli ga kewayawa, nishaɗi, samar da ruwa na jama'a, da samar da wutar lantarki. Za'a iya dakatar da kewayawar kasuwanci a lokacin fari lokacin da akwai ruwa kaɗan don kiyaye tashoshi masu zurfi don zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa. "Ragewa na kogi na kogi zai iya rage matakin ruwa a cikin tabkuna da tafkuna, wanda zai iya iyakance samar da ruwa; da ruwa, kamun kifi, da sauran ayyukan nishaɗi; kuma rage yanayin wutar lantarki na al'ada don samar da wutar wutar lantarki.

"Ko da yake fari na lokacin rani na iya zama mafi tsanani, ambaliyar ruwa na iya ƙaruwa. A cikin shekaru 50 da suka gabata, adadin ruwan sama da ke fadowa a lokacin kwanaki huɗu mafi zafi na shekara ya karu da kusan kashi 15 cikin dari a cikin Great Plains. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata masu zuwa, yawan ruwan sama a lokacin kwanakin mafi zafi na shekarar na iya ci gaba da ƙaruwa, wanda zai kara ambaliyar. " 

A cewar Kevin Kloesel, darektan binciken yanayi na Oklahoma, Oklahoma tana da "rikodin sanyi daya" a cikin shekaru 30 da suka kai ga 2019, da kuma "kwana 14 daban-daban a rikodin rikodin" tun daga 2000. Kloesel ya yi tsammanin cewa "canjin ruwan sama zai kara wadannan matsanancin zafi, yayin da Oklahoma ta bayyana a shirye don sau da yawa, lokutan fari masu tsawo tare da ambaliyar ruwa. "

NPR ta lura cewa kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na madatsun ruwa a Oklahoma, sama da 1,400 a duka, suna gabatowa ƙarshen rayuwarsu ta aiki, kuma karuwar ambaliyar ruwa na iya kara yiwuwar lalacewar tare da lalacewar sakamako ga yankunan da ke da yawan jama'a.

## Aikin noma

"Kwanaki masu zafi na iya zama marasa lafiya - har ma da haɗari. Shekaru saba'in daga yanzu, Oklahoma na iya samun sau uku zuwa hudu fiye da kwanaki sama da 100 ° F kamar yadda yake a yau". Yanayin busassun da ke nuna Yammacin Amurka ana sa ran zai ci gaba da fadada zuwa gabas, yana rage amfanin gona da manomi na Oklahoma zai iya shukawa.

A lokacin fari, ana barin shanu sau da yawa tare da karancin abinci mai gina jiki, yana ƙara ƙalubalen da aka kawo ta hanyar iyakancewar abinci a lokacin fari. Wannan yana ƙara farashin aiki ga masu kiwon dabbobi, yana rage riba yayin da masu kiwon shanu ke karɓar ƙarin kuɗi don ƙarin abinci ko sayar da shanu kafin su kai ga balaga. Misali, saboda tsada mai yawa na hay da kuma bushewar ruwa, an tilasta wa masu kiwon dabbobi da yawa a Oklahoma su kashe garken su a lokacin fari mai tsanani a cikin 2011, suna ci gaba da ba da gudummawa ga asarar da aka rubuta a cikin dabbobi da samar da amfanin gona.

Gudun rijiyoyin ruwa ya ba da gudummawa ga raguwar matakan ruwa na ƙasa. Wannan gudummawar ta kara tsananta yanayin tarihi na raguwa a cikin yankin Oklahoma, musamman a cikin yankin panhandle mai busasshiyar ƙasa, inda aikin gona ya dogara da Ogallala Aquifer. Yanayin zafi da fari mai tsawo sun kara bukatar ruwa daga amfanin gona da dabbobi. A sakamakon haka, manoma suna ganin farashin su ya karu yayin da suke hako rijiyoyi masu zurfi don isa ga raguwar ruwa, kuma su sauya zuwa amfanin gona mai buƙata kamar milo a kan kuɗin riba. Duk waɗannan ƙalubalen sun haɗa da raunin ka'idojin dokokin Oklahoma game da ruwa, wanda ke ba da damar masana'antu kamar ayyukan alade na kasuwanci don janye ruwa mai yawa kuma ta haka ne hanzarta raguwar ruwa. Matsayin ruwa na kasa yana raguwa, kuma yawan aikin gona na Oklahoma da kwanciyar hankali na tattalin arziki suna cikin haɗari, yana jaddada buƙatar gaggawa don gudanar da ruwa mai ɗorewa a fuskar dumama, yanayin bushewa.

## Halin Oklahoma a cikin Cire Carbon
Oklahoma tana da dalilai da yawa waɗanda ke sanya shi a matsayin wuri mai kyau don shirye-shiryen Cire carbon. Jihar tana da tarihin ci gaban aikin fasaha da turawa, musamman a masana'antu kamar mai da iskar gas. Wannan asalin yana ba Oklahoma ƙwarewa da kayan aikin da za a iya amfani da su don ayyukan cire carbon. Bugu da ƙari, jihar tana da babban ikon ilimin ƙasa da gogewa wajen adana carbon dioxide mai zurfi a karkashin kasa. A watan Yunin 2022, Oklahoma ta dauki mataki na farko don sauƙaƙa wa kamfanoni su nemi izinin satar carbon a matakin jiha, maimakon tare da gwamnatin tarayya ta Amurka. Bill 200  ya sanya hannu ne daga Gwamna na 28 na Oklahomas, Kevin Stitt, wanda, a cewar Shugaban Majalisar Wakilai na Makamashi da mai tallafawa lissafin Majalisar Brad Boles, zai sami tawagar satar carbon daga Hukumar Kare Muhalli (EPA). 

### Hanyoyin Tattalin Arziki da Ci gaban Masana'antu
Masana'antar cire carbon tana ba da babbar dama ta tattalin arziki ga Oklahoma. Tare da kimantawa da ke tsara kasuwar dala tiriliyan nan da shekara ta 2050, jihar za ta iya amfani da albarkatun ta, ƙwararrun ma'aikata, da ƙwarewar ci gaban aikin masana'antu don fitar da kirkire-kirkire da ƙirƙirar ayyuka. Kamfanonin makamashi a Oklahoma, irin su Devon Energy, suna da ƙwarewar da ta dace a cikin hako rijiyar da ilimin ƙasa, yana da mahimmanci ga shirye-shiryen adana carbon.

### Cibiyoyin Ilimi da Bincike
Oklahoma gida ce ga sanannun jami'o'i tare da shirye-shiryen duniya da ƙwarewar da ta dace da cire carbon. Cibiyoyin kamar Jami'ar Jihar Oklahoma, Jami'ar Oklahoma, da Jami'ar Tulsa suna ba da gudummawa ga binciken jihar da damar ci gaba. Gudummawarsu ta fito ne daga bincika dabarun cire carbon zuwa inganta lafiyar ƙasa da haɓaka amfanin gona ta hanyar cire carbon dioxide.

### Taimako da Tallafin Gwamnati
Don kara karfin Oklahoma a matsayin jagora a cire carbon, hadin gwiwa tsakanin wakilan da aka zaba na jihar, gwamnatin tarayya, da masana masana masana'antu yana da mahimmanci. Philip-Michael Weiner, mazaunin Tulsa kuma abokin haɗin gwiwa a Recapture, mai haɓaka aikin carbon mai amfani da fasaha, ya jaddada muhimmancin tallafin gwamnati wajen cimma burin cire carbon na Oklahoma. Weiner ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata matakan gwamnati su mai da hankali kan samar da bincike, ci gaba, da kuma tallafin zanga-zangar don hanzarta ci gaban sashin cire carbon. Wakilan majalisa kamar Majalisa Frank Lucas da Majalisa Stephanie Bice, wadanda ke aiki a Kwamitin Majalisar kan Kimiyya, Sararin samaniya da Fasaha, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ba da shawara ga matsayin Oklahoma a matsayin jagora a cire carbon dioxide.

## Wutar daji, guguwa, da canjin wuri

"Matsananin yanayin zafi da fari na iya kara tsananin, mitar, da girman gobarar daji, wanda zai iya cutar da dukiya, hanyar rayuwa, da lafiyar ɗan adam. A matsakaita, fiye da kashi 1 cikin 100 na ƙasar a Oklahoma sun ƙone kowace shekara goma tun 1984. Hayakin gobarar daji yana gurɓata iska kuma yana iya ƙara ziyarar likita don ciwon kirji, matsalolin numfashi, da matsalolin zuciya".

"Haɗin ƙarin gobara da yanayin bushewa na iya canza sassan yanayin Oklahoma. Yawancin shuke-shuke da dabbobi da ke zaune a cikin ƙasashe masu bushewa na yammacin Oklahoma sun riga sun kusa da iyakokin abin da za su iya jurewa. A wasu lokuta, tsire-tsire na asali na iya ci gaba yayin da sauyin yanayi ke canzawa. Amma lokacin da wuta ta lalata murfin halitta, ana iya maye gurbin ciyawa da tsire-tsire masu laushi da ciyawa marasa asali, wanda zai iya zama da sauƙi bayan wuta. Saboda ciyawa da ba na asali ba galibi suna da saukin wuta mai tsanani, tsire-tsire na asali na iya sake kafa kansu ba.

"Masana kimiyya ba su san yadda mitar da tsananin guguwa za su canza ba. Rashin karuwar iskar gas yana ƙara zafi, kuma ta haka ne rashin kwanciyar hankali na yanayi, wanda zai karfafa guguwa. Amma iska mai yiwuwa ya ragu, wanda zai hana guguwa, Bincike yana ci gaba don sanin ko guguwa zai kasance mafi ko žasa a nan gaba. " Saboda Oklahoma tana fuskantar guguwa game da guguwa 60 a shekara, irin wannan binciken yana biye da masana kimiyyar yanayi a jihar. " 

### Tsaro da kuma kama carbon
Ranchers, masu kula da muhalli da masu mallakar Ƙasar Osage suna aiki tare don adana filin Oklahoma a Joseph H. Williams Tallgrass Prairie Preserve.

Kowace kadada na wuraren ciyawa masu kariya a Oklahoma "yana rage kusan tan hudu na carbon dioxide a kowace shekara - daidai da ɗaukar motoci miliyan 4 daga hanya. "

## Matsayi don ilimin canjin yanayi

Ka'idodin Oklahoma don ilimin kimiyya sun haɗa da kayan daga 2013 Next Generation Science Standards, kuma sun haɗa da bayani game da yanayin Oklahoma. Har yanzu ba a sami yarjejeniya game da yadda za a gabatar da batun canjin yanayi a makarantun gwamnati na jihar ba.

## Dubi kuma

* Motocin lantarki a Oklahoma

## Manazarta

## Ƙarin karantawa

* Nazarin Yanayi na Kasa -  "Kudancin Great Plains". Tasiri, Hadari, da Daidaitawa a Amurka: Binciken Yanayi na Kasa na huɗu, Volume II (Rahoton). Washington, DC shafi na 987-1035. [Hotuna a shafi na 10] CH23. An samo shi daga asali  a ranar 23 ga Nuwamba, 2018. - ya rufe Kansas, Oklahoma da Texas 

## Haɗin waje

* Canjin Yanayi na Duniya da Tasirin Oklahoma, Oklahoma Climatological Survey