Vojtěch Náprstek

**Vojtěch Náprstek** (wanda ake kira **Vojta**) (an haifeshie 17 ga Afrilu 1826, a Prague - 2 ga Satumba 1894), ya kasance mai ba da agaji na Czech, mai kishin ƙasa da ɗan siyasa, da kuma ɗan jaridar yaren Czech na farko a Amurka.

## Tarihi

An haifi Vojtěch Náprstek Adalbert Fingerhut . Mahaifinsa Anton Fingerhut yana da sunan Jamusanci a matsayin daya daga cikin 'yan uwa bakwai - sauran an kira su da sunan Czech na sunan Náprstek .  (Maganar Jamusanci fingerhut da kalmar Czech naprstek za a iya fassara su a matsayin thimble a Turanci.) Adalbert a hukumance ya canza sunansa zuwa Vojtěch Náprstek a cikin 1880 amma yana amfani da sunan Czech tun da daɗewa. Mahaifiyarsa, Anna Fingerhut-Náprstková (1788-1873), 'yar kasuwa ce mai kishin kasa wacce ke gudanar da gidan giya / distillery da ke kusa da shi, "U Halánků", mai karɓar baƙi ga ƙungiyoyin masu kishin ƙasa. Wannan ginin har yanzu yana tsaye kuma yana kan Betlemské náměstí a Prague kuma an san shi da Gidan Tarihi na Náprstek na Al'adun Asiya, Afirka da Amurka. Dukansu Vojtěch da ɗan'uwansa Ferdinand, masu fafutukar kishin ƙasa, 'yan sanda na Habsburg suna sa ido sosai. Bayan mummunar sakamakon Prague Upheavals na 1848, Vojtěch ya bar gida a asirce zuwa Amurka, inda ya gama karatunsa na shari'a.

## 1848 da Amurka

Ya gudu a asirce zuwa Milwaukee a Wisconsin, inda ya zauna kusan shekaru goma kafin ya koma gida, ya kammala karatunsa na shari'a. An dauke shi uban ruhaniya na aikin jarida na Czech a Amurka. Ya wallafa jaridar 'yanci mai suna *[[Milwaukee Flügblatter]]*, jaridar farko da Czech ta buga a Amurka. Kodayake *Flügblatter* yana cikin harshen Jamusanci, yawancin Czechs ne suka karanta shi. Naprstek ya ƙarfafa 'yan asalin Czech su shirya da kuma buga nasu jaridu na Czech. Ya zama ɗan ƙasar Amurka.

## Komawa zuwa Bohemia
Ya koma Bohemia a kusa da 1857, kuma ya ci gaba da ayyukan siyasa. Bayan dawowarsa, ya yi aiki don ya saba da 'yan uwansa na Czechs tare da ra'ayoyin Amurka, cibiyoyi, da dabarun, da kuma' yan asalin Amurka da ya yi aiki tare da su. Ya taimaka wa ɗan ƙasar Czech Charles Jonas ya koyi Turanci, kuma ya shirya jirginsa zuwa London, kuma daga baya ya yi ƙaura zuwa Racine, Wisconsin. Tarinsa ya zama ainihin Gidan Tarihi na Náprstek na yanzu na al'adun Asiya, Afirka, da Amurka a Prague. Ya zama alderman na garin Prague (1873-1894) da kuma wakilin gari (1881-1892). Náprstek ya kasance mai ba da shawara game da ra'ayoyin ci gaba, gami da yanayin rayuwa gaba ɗaya a Prague, da kuma samar da ilimi da wuraren kiwon lafiya da gabatar da fasahar zamani a rayuwar jama'a (hasken gas da dafa abinci, tarho, da sauransu). Ya kuma kafa, a cikin 1888, kungiyar Czech Hiking Club * (Klub českých turistů) *. An fara shi cikin Freemasonry a lokacin rayuwarsa a Amurka. Bayan ya dawo Daular Austriya ya kafa kananan kungiyoyin Masonic ba bisa ka'ida ba don yada manufofin Masonic.

### 'Yancin mata

Lokacin da ya koma Prague bayan shekaru goma a kasashen waje, jawabinsa da gabatarwa game da ayyukan da matan Amurka suka kafa sun ja hankalin mutane sosai. A kusa da 1864 ya shirya nune-nunen injunan sutura na Amurka (har zuwa lokacin ba a sani ba a Prague) tare da zanga-zangar kan yadda za a yi amfani da su, wanda mata suka ziyarta sosai. A shekara ta 1865 ya ba da kuɗin kafa "Americký klub dame" (American Ladies" Club ko American Club of Bohemian Women), wanda ya gudanar da tarurrukansa na farko a gidan mahaifiyarsa "U Halánků". Kungiyar ta ba da laccoci kan tambayoyin 'yancin mata, ilimin taurari, magani, ilmin halitta, falsafar, adabi, tarihi da sauran batutuwa da yawa. An ba da laccoci na kyauta ga mata a safiyar Lahadi; an ba maza damar sauraron su daga ɗakin kwana. A cikin shekaru ashirin na wannan jerin laccoci kusan masu sauraro 27,000 sun yi rajista. Mambobin kungiyar mata ta Amurka na iya amfani da ɗakin karatu na littattafan Czech na Náprstek, da kuma littattafan da aka rubuta a Turanci da sauran harsunan kasashen waje. Wannan goyon baya, da kuma goyon bayan jama'a game da 'yancin mata tun farkon 1887, ya kawo Náprstek lakabi "mai ba da shawara ga mata". Hukumomi sun kalli kungiyar, kuma an tilasta musu aiki a matsayin kulob mai zaman kansa maimakon a matsayin Ƙungiyar jama'a'a.

## Tushen

* Czech Pioneers a Wisconsin ta Miloslav Rechcigl Jr., wanda aka samu a ranar 9 ga Disamba 2007

## manazarta