Ranar Duniya

**Ranar Duniya** wani taron shekara-shekara ne a ranar 22 ga Afrilu don nuna goyon baya ga Kare muhalli. An fara gudanar da shi a ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 1970, yanzu ya haɗa da abubuwan da suka faru da yawa da aka tsara a duniya ta hanyar earthday.org (tsohon Cibiyar Ranar Duniya)  gami da mutane biliyan 1 a cikin kasashe sama da 193.&nbsp;

A shekara ta 1969 a wani taron UNESCO a San Francisco, mai fafutukar zaman lafiya John McConnell ya ba da shawarar rana don girmama Duniya da manufar zaman lafiya, da za a fara kiyayewa a ranar 21 ga Maris, 1970, Ranar farko ta bazara a arewacin arewa. Wannan rana ta yanayi daga baya an ba da izini a cikin wata sanarwa da McConnell ya rubuta kuma Sakatare Janar U Thant ya sanya hannu a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Wata daya bayan haka, Sanata na Amurka Gaylord Nelson ya gabatar da ra'ayin gudanar da koyarwa muhalli a duk fadin kasar a ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 1970, kuma ya hayar da wani matashi mai fafutuka, Denis Hayes, ya zama mai kula da kasa. Sunan "Ranar Duniya" marubucin talla Julian Koenig ne ya kirkiro shi. Denis da ma'aikatansa sun haɓaka taron fiye da ainihin ra'ayin don koyarwa don haɗawa da dukan Amurka. Abokan hulɗa marasa kula da muhalli sun taka muhimmiyar rawa. A karkashin jagorancin shugaban ma'aikata Walter Reuther, alal misali, United Auto Workers (UAW) ita ce mafi yawan kayan aiki a waje da mai tallafawa kudi da aiki na Ranar Duniya ta farko. A cewar Hayes: "Ba tare da UAW ba, Ranar Duniya ta farko za ta iya fashewa!"  Daga baya aka ba Nelson lambar yabo ta Shugaban kasa don nuna godiya ga aikinsa.   Ranar Duniya ta farko ta mayar da hankali ga Amurka. A cikin 1990, Denis Hayes, mai tsara asali na kasa a cikin 1970, ya ɗauki shi na kasa da kasa kuma ya shirya abubuwan da suka faru a cikin kasashe 141.   A Ranar Duniya 2016, Amurka, Ingila, China, da wasu kasashe 120 sun sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Paris. Wannan sanya hannu ya gamsar da muhimmiyar buƙata don shigar da aiki na Yarjejeniyar kare yanayi ta tarihi da aka karɓa ta hanyar yarjejeniyar kasashe 195 da suka halarci Taron Canjin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2015 a Paris. Al'ummomi da yawa sun shiga cikin ayyukan "Ayyukan Ranar Duniya," mako guda na ayyukan da aka mayar da hankali kan batutuwan muhalli da duniya ke fuskanta. A Ranar Duniya 2020, sama da mutane miliyan 100 a duniya sun yi bikin cika shekaru 50 a cikin abin da ake kira mafi girman taron jama'a a kan layi a tarihi.

A ranar  ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1969, wani rijiyar da ake kira Platform A, wanda Union Oil ta hako mil 6 (10  daga bakin tekun Santa Barbara, California, ya tashi. Fiye da galan miliyan  na Amurka (2.5 miliyan imperial gallons;  11) na man fetur da aka zubar, ya kashe fiye da tsuntsayen teku 10,000, dolphins, hatimi, da zakuna na teku. A matsayin martani ga wannan bala'in, an tattara masu gwagwarmaya don ƙirƙirar tsarin muhalli, ilimin muhalli da Ranar Duniya. Daga cikin masu goyon bayan Ranar Duniya sun kasance mutanen da ke kan gaba na yaki da wannan bala'in, Selma Rubin, Marc McGinnes, da Bud Bottoms, wanda ya kafa Get Oil Out .  Denis Hayes, mai shirya Ranar Duniya ta farko, ya ce Sanata Gaylord Nelson daga Wisconsin ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi don ƙirƙirar Ranar Duniya bayan ya ga mai mai mai  km2) daga jirgin sama a cikin Santa Barbara Channel.

### Dirty Dozen
Ma'aikatan Ma'aikatar Ma'auni ta Muhalli sun yi murabus nan da nan bayan Ranar Duniya, kuma mafi yawansu sun koma kai tsaye zuwa sabuwar ƙungiya, Ayyukan Muhalli, tare da matsayin haraji wanda ya ba da izinin lobbying da kuma matsayi na gwagwarmaya. EA nan da nan ta fuskanci matsalar da ke faruwa a baya a duk lokacin yakin. Wasu daga cikin ma'aikatan sun jawo kansu ga motsi ta hanyar kimiyya da al'adu kuma sun ji cewa siyasa ba ta da kyau, kuma gwamnati ta lalace ba tare da an warware ta ba. Wannan rukuni ya yi imanin cewa ta hanyar rayuwa mai sauƙi na son rai, ta amfani da kayan aiki kamar waɗanda suka cika cikakken kundin duniya wanda ba na siyasa ba, za su iya tilasta duniya ta saba da su. An tsara ka'idar canjin su a kan 'yan Afirka na kudancin da suka zauna a wuraren cin abincin rana, suka sha daga wuraren cin abincin dare, kuma suka zauna a bayan bas din, sun yi watsi da rawar da shari'ar dabarun  dokokin tarayya, da siyasar zabe  ke takawa a cikin canji na dindindin.

## Manazarta