Marie de Gournay

**Marie de Gournay** ( [maʁi də ɡuʁnɛ] i; 6 ga Oktoba 1565, Paris - 13 ga Yulin shekarar 1645) marubuciya ce ta Faransa, wanda ta rubuta wani labari da wasu waƙoƙin adabi, gami da The Equality of Men and Women (Égalité des hommes et des femmes, 1622)  da The Ladies' Grievance (Grief des dames, 1626).  Ta nace cewa ya kamata a sami ilimi ga mata. Gournay ya kuma kasance edita kuma mai sharhi na Michel de Montaigne. Bayan mutuwar Montaigne, Gournay ya gyara kuma ya buga Essays.

## Rayuwa
An haife ta ne a birnin Paris a shekara ta alif ɗari biyar da sittin da biyar 1565. Mahaifinta, Guillaume Le Jars, ya kasance mai ba da kudi ga Sarki Henry III na Faransa. A shekara ta 1568 ya sami hakkin mallaka ga gidan Gournay a Picardy, kuma a shekara ta 1573, bayan ya sayi gidan Neufvy, ya zama Seigneur de Neufvy et de Gournay .  Iyalin sun koma Gournay-sur-Aronde bayan mutuwar mahaifinta kwatsam a shekara ta 1577. 

Gournay ya kasance mai koyar da kansa. Ta yi karatun bil'adama kuma ta koya wa kanta Latin. Nazarinta ya kai ta ga gano ayyukan Michel de Montaigne . Ta sadu da shi a shekara ta 1588 a birnin Paris bayan ta rubuta masa bayanin kula [1] kuma ta zama "yarta da aka karba". Ta wallafa littafinta na farko a shekara ta 1594, Le Proumenoir na Monsieur de Montaigne .

Bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarta a shekara ta 1591, Marie ta koma Paris, ta bar gidan dangin ga dan'uwanta Charles, wanda aka tilasta masa sayar da shi a shekara ta 1608. Montaigne ya mutu a shekara mai zuwa, kuma gwauruwarsa, Françoise de la Chassaigne, ta ba Gournay kwafin Essays kuma ta caje ta da bugawa. A cikin shekara ta 1595 Gournay ta buga bugu na farko na Essays kuma a cikin shekara ta 1598, ta buga wani bita. Ta zauna a Paris, ta yanke shawarar samun rayuwa daga rubuce-rubuce. Ta wallafa tattaunawa mai kyau game da ilimin yara a cikin 1608, Bienvenue à Monseigneur le Duc d'Anjou. Wannan aikin ya kawo ta ga karin hankali tsakanin masu ilimi na Paris. Ayyukanta na 1610 Adieu de l'ame du Roy de France et de Navarre ya haifar da abin kunya saboda ya kare Jesuits, wadanda ake zargi da yin makirci don kashe Sarki Henry IV. An kai wa Gournay hari a cikin littafin satirical The Anti-Gournay kuma an nuna shi a matsayin tsohuwar shrew.

A Paris, Marie de Gournay ta sadu da Henri Louis Habert de Montmor kuma masanin Justus Lipsius ya gabatar da ita ga Turai a matsayin mace mai rubutu. Gournay ta sami kanta masu karewa ta hanyar rubutawa ga Sarauniya Margo, Henry IV na Faransa, Marie de Médicis, Louis XIII, marquise de Guercheville, ministocin Villeroy da Jeannin. Sarauniya Margo ta zama mai kula da ita. An gayyaci Gournay zuwa gidan sarauta na Sarauniya kuma ya sami tallafin kudi a kowane kwata-kwata.

Ta fassara ayyukan Sallust, Ovid, Virgil, da Tacitus. Gournay kuma ta rubuta ayoyi game da cat dinta Léonore (kuma sunan 'yar Montaigne) da Joan na Arc, wanda ya daidaita Ronsard, ya rubuta a kan umarnin sarakuna, kuma ya soki Précieuses.  A cikin 1619 ta buga fassarar Versions de quelques pièces de Virgile, Tacite, Salluste tare da gabatarwar da ta yi adawa da ra'ayin François de Malherbe cewa dole ne a wanke harshen Faransanci. An zargi Gournay da zama abin ba'a, wanda ya wuce, da kuma kasancewa tsohuwar baiwa. Hakanan, Gournay ta buga tsananin kare hakkin mata a cikin 1622, Égalité des Hommes et des Femmes, wanda ta keɓe wa Sarauniya Anne d'Autriche . A shekara ta 1624 ta wallafa wani bita mai zurfi na waka ta Pierre de Ronsard Remerciement, au Roy . 

In her 1626 novel *Le Promenoir de M. de Montaigne qui traite de l’amour dans l’œuvre de Plutarque* she explored the dangers women face when they become dependent on men.&#x5B;**&#x5D; A collection of her works was published in 1626 entitled *L'ombre de la damoiselle de Gournay*. She moved to an apartment on the rue Saint Honoré and helped to establish the French Academy. The small pension granted to her by Cardinal Richelieu allowed her to publish a 1635 edition of Montaigne's *Essays*. In 1641 she published another collection of her own works *Les Advis, ou les Presens de la Demoiselle de Gournay*. She died in 1645, aged 79, and is buried at the Saint-Eustache Church in Paris. Marie de Gournay is now recognized as the first woman in France to contribute to literary criticism and one of the first to argue forcibly on the equality of men and women.  Her final collected works ran to nearly 1,000 pages.

## Ra'ayoyi game da ilimin mata
Tattaunawar Gournay game da 'yancin mata zuwa ilimi tana da tushen addini. Gournay Roman Katolika ne kuma an san shi da abokin adawar gungiyar Furotesta a cikin Yaƙe-yaƙe na addini na Faransa. Ta yi kira ga ilimin mata a cikin litattafai guda biyu, Égalité des Hommes et des Femmes  (The Equality of Men and Women), wanda aka buga a 1622, da kuma Grief des Dames  (The Ladies' Grievance) wanda aka buga 1626. Ta yi jayayya cewa maza da mata sun kasance daidai saboda "kyakkyawar maza da kyawawan mata abu ɗaya ne, tunda Allah ya ba su halitta iri ɗaya da girmamawa iri ɗaya"."Ka yi farin ciki, mai karatu, idan ba ka cikin wannan jima'i ba wanda aka haramta duk abin da ya dace" A cikin The Equality of Men and Women Gournay ta tsara gardamar ta kamar yadda Christine na Pizan ya yi, kuma ta fara ne ta hanyar bayyana manyan mata na baya don nuna ikon mata na koyo. Ta guje wa tattaunawar game da fifiko na jinsi daya akan ɗayan ta hanyar jaddada daidaito na maza da mata. Amma ta kai farmaki ga ra'ayin cewa manyan mata sun yi kama da manyan maza. Ta yi jayayya cewa ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa an dauki mata a matsayin marasa cancanta, jahilci, kuma suna mai da hankali kan jikinsu, saboda mata sun sami karancin ilimi. Gournay ya jaddada cewa idan aka ba da dama iri daya, gata, da ilimi kamar maza, mata za su iya daidaita nasarorin maza. A cikin The Ladies' Grievance Gournay ta koka cewa mata ba su da dukiya, suna da 'yanci, ko kuma suna da damar yin aiki a gwamnati. Ta yi jayayya cewa mata masu ilimi suna da damar ji, kamar yadda maza masu ilimi ke yi. Kamar René Descartes ta raba hankali daga jiki, kuma ta yi jayayya cewa mata suna da iyawa kamar maza.

## Ayyuka

* *Adieu de l'âme du Roy de France et de Navarre Henry the Great à la Royne, tare da karewar Fathers Jesuits / da damaiselle de G.*
* *Inuwa ga budurwa ta Gournay* (1626, 1634 da 1641) 
* Les advis ko Les présens de la demoiselle de Gournay (1634) 
* *Rubuce-rubucen Michel seigneur de Montaigne: sabon fitowar da aka tsabtace daidai daga kuskuren da suka gabata, bisa ga ainihin gaskiya, kuma an wadata & an kara shi a gefen sunan marubutan da aka ambata, & na fassarar sassan su, tare da lura masu mahimmanci & masu bukata don sauƙaƙe mai karatu, tare da rayuwar marubucin, & tebur biyu, daya daga cikin surori, & ɗayan manyan batutuwa, da yawa & mafi amfani fiye da wadannan na karshe na [Marie] Éstien]  *
* An buga kundi na farko na cikakkun ayyukanta (1641) a cikin 1997 ta hanyar Rodopi

## Littattafai

* Cikakken littattafai: Les advis ko Les présens de la demoiselle de Gournay; T. Du Bray, 1634 Karatu a layi akan Gallica  
* Kafin shekara ta 1588: wani sonet da kuma waƙoƙi a cikin waƙoƙin jana'izar game da mutuwar Aymée.    A cikin Ayyukan Pierre de Brach (The Grave of Aymée) 
* 1594: Le Proumenoir na Monsieur de Montaigne 
* 1595: Gabatarwa game da Essays na Michel, ubangiji na Montaigne Karanta a layi akan gallica, a cikin Essays na Michael Ubangiji na Montaigne 
* 1595: girmamawa ga Jean de Sponde, a cikin Amsawar Wutar Sieur de Sponde... 
* 1598: Gabatarwa game da Essays na Michel, ubangiji na Montaigne, a cikin Essays na Michael Ubangiji na Montaigne 
* 1608: Maraba da Monseigneur Duke na Anjou 
* 1610: Adieu de l'Ame du Roy de France et de Navarre Henry the Great, tare da Tsaron Peres Jesuites 
* 1619: Fassara na wasu tsabar kudi na Virgil, Tacitus, Salluste, tare da Cibiyar Monseigneur, ɗan'uwan Roy (ya haɗa da wani rubutu a kan Poësie).   
* 1620: Samfurori na Virgil 
* 1620: waƙoƙi biyu a cikin Les Muses en deuil 
* 1621: Fassara.  Sashe na Quatriesm na Eneid, tare da addu'ar Tacitus, da Salustus
* 1622: Daidaitawar Maza da Mata  
* 1624: Godiya ga Roy 
* 1626: Inuwa ta Damoiselle de Gournay - aikin da aka hada da cakuda - Mutum shine inuwa na mafarki & aikinsa shine inuwa wanda ya hada da:  

Daga ilimin yara na Faransa - Haihuwar yara na Faransa: Magana game da kisan gilla na shekara ta 1610 - Adieu de l'ame du Roy a la Reyne Regente sa fata - Adduction don amine na Roy, wanda aka rubuta a mutuwarsa - Godiya a Venice a kan nasara - Cibiyar Yarima - Daga harshen François - Daga cikin wauta - Daga sama da M'adadadaddeness na Adduite - De's da kuma Addu's ya yi amfani da wasu sassan da wasu sashe na Masana - Da'addeness - Da's na Masana na Masana da Masana - Ya S'addenci na Masana ya S'adaddense na Masana a kan Masana - Masana - Sa'addense: Masana - Sassanci - Masana da Addu'addenne - Masana na Sa'ad

* 1628: waƙoƙi uku, a cikin tarin rubuce-rubuce da yawa da aka gabatar don cika Tables d'attente a ƙarƙashin siffofin Roy Charles VII da Pucelle d'Orléans... 
* 1634: Les Advis, ko Presens de la Demoiselle de Gournay (ƙara ga L'Ombre: Magana game da wannan littafin a Sophrosine, Addu'ar Roy a S. Louys a lokacin da aka kewaye Rhé, Farko na Ceto na Casal, Daga temerité da fassarar littafin Eneide na shida).  
* 1635: waka, a cikin Hadaya ta Muses 
* 1635: waka, a cikin Le Parnasse royal 
* 1641: sake buga Advis 
* 1642: Epigrams guda biyu, a cikin Jardin des Muses 
* 1643: Ƙananan manyan mutane suna mulkin duniya 
* 1644: epigram, a cikin Amincewa na Parnasse wanda ya riga Les Chevilles de Me Adam Carpentier na Nevers 

## Bayanan littattafai

* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] 'A Defence and Illustration of Marie de Gournay: Bayle's Reception of 'Cette Savante Demoiselle', Faransanci Studies Bulletin, 40.152 (2019): 51-54. https://doi.org/10.1093/frebul/ktz009
* Conroy, Derval; 'Marie de Gournay's "Advis to some people of Church" da Early Modern Rigorist Debate. Romanic Review 112.3 (2021): 423-36. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00358118-9377342
* Dezon-Jones Elyane, *Marie de Gournay *. [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga wani littafi mai suna Paris.
* Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a wannan talifin a dandalin www.jw.org/ha.
*  
* Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a wannan talifin a dandalin www.jw.org/ha.&nbsp;
* Cikakken ayyukan da J.-C. ya yi [Hasiya] Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a wannan talifin a dandalin www.jw.org/ha.
* *Daidaitawar maza da mata*, sannan Grief des Dames, fitowar da Claude Pinganaud ya shirya kuma Séverine Auffret ya gabatar, Paris, Arlea, 2008.
* Beaulieu J.P., Fournier H. "Pratiques Dialogiques et réécriture dans l'œuvre de Marie de Gournay", Neophilologus, kundi 82, lamba 3 (1998), 357-367, DOI:10.1023/A:1004225101249.
* Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a wannan talifin a dandalin www.jw.org/ha. 29, na 3, 1993, shafi na 193-205. &nbsp;Cikakken rubutun.
* Dezon-Jones Elyane, "Marie de Gournay" a cikin rubuce-rubucen mata na Faransa, Anne R. Larsen, Colette H. Winn, New York, Garland, 1999, 237-42.
* Freeman Ring, Lynn Wendy, 'A cikin Fashion nata': Marie de Gournay da Fabrication of the Writer's Persona, 2007. Cikakken rubutu.
* Frelick Nancy, " (Re) Fashoning Marie de Gournay" a cikin La Femme a cikin karni na sha bakwai. Ayyukan taron Vancouver. Jami'ar British Columbia. An samo asali ne daga littafin nan kuma an samo asali ne a dandalin www.jw.org. https://books.google.com/books?id=UY8ONbC9l9ECpg=PP1 extrais.
* Venesoen Constant, "Mademoiselle de Gournay" a cikin Nazarin Littattafan Mata na ƙarni na sha bakwai, Birmingham, Summa, 1990,p.13-42 Cikakken rubutun&nbsp;
* Maryanne Cline Horowitz, "Marie de Gournay, Edita na Gwaje-gwaje na Michel de Montaigne: A Case-Study in Mentor-Protegee Friendship", The Sixteenth Century Journal, vol.  17, na 3, kaka, 1986, shafi na . Ana samun rubutun.
* Poudérou Robert, Because it was him, because it was me, wasan kwaikwayo da aka buga a 1992  wanda ya nuna Michel de Montaigne, Marie de Gournay da Françoise de La Chassaigne Dossier de presse.
* Jean-Claude Idée, Parce que c'était lui, wasan kwaikwayo da aka buga a shekarar 2014 a cikin Cahiers des Universités Populaires du Théâtre kuma aka buga a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Montparnasse, a Paris.
* Marie de Gournay, "Rubuce-rubuce game da daidaito da kare mata" M. Cabré i Pairet & E. Rubio Hernández (Eds.) fassarar M. Cabrés i Pairet, E. Rubian Hernández & E. Teixidor Aránegui. [Hasiya] http://libros.csic.es/product_info.php?products_id=772.
* Jenny Diski, "Apology for the Woman Writing", Virago Press, 2008  : wani aiki na tarihin tarihi wanda ya danganci rayuwar Marie de Gournay  

## Dubi kuma

* Mata masu ban sha'awa
* Mata

## Manazarta

## Hadin waje

* ''Daidaitawar maza da mata'' ta Marie de Gournay, a Faransanci
* Grief des dames by Marie de Gournay, a Faransanci
* Works by or about Marie de Gournaya cikinTarihin Intanet
* Ayyuka masu samuwa a shafin yanar gizon Gallica
* Tarihi (a Faransanci) 
* Project Continua: Biography of Marie de Gournay Project Continua hanya ce ta yanar gizo da aka sadaukar da ita don ƙirƙirar da adana tarihin ilimi na mata daga farkon shaidar da ta tsira a cikin karni na 21.
* Querelle (Marie de Gournay) shafin yanar gizon da aka sadaukar da shi ga ayyukan marubutan da ke ba da gudummawa ga bangaren mata na querelle des femmes .