Madrasa Ghaziuddin Khan

**[[Makarantar Islamiyya|madrasa]] Ghaziuddin Khan** wani madrasa ne na tarihi wanda ke kusa da Ajmeri Gate a Tsohon Delhi, Indiya . Ghaziuddin Khan I ne ya kafa shi a shekara ta 1696, wani babban jami'in Mughal Empire. Bayan dakatar da aikinta na asali a matsayin madrasa, ta ci gaba da zama cibiyoyin ilimi na zamanin mulkin mallaka, kamar Kwalejin Delhi da Makarantar Anglo-Arabic. A yau, Kwalejin Zakir Husain Delhi tana aiki a cikin ɗakinsa, yana mai da madrasa cibiyar ci gaba da ilimi mafi tsufa a birnin Delhi.

Tsarin yana daya daga cikin 'yan madrasas na tarihi da suka tsira a Indiya, kuma daya daga cikin ƙananan madrasas da suka samo asali daga zamanin Mughal. Har ila yau, ginin ya ƙunshi masallaci, da kabarin Ghaziuddin Khan. Wannan hadaddun misali ne na gine-ginen Mughal na baya - yana nuna wahayi na Asiya ta Tsakiya a cikin tsarinsa, da abubuwan Shah Jahani a cikin makircinsa.

## Tarihi
Tarihin farko na madrasa ba shi da tabbas. Duk da yake tsofaffin kafofin Burtaniya sun nuna cewa an kafa madrasa zuwa 1792, masana na zamani sun yarda cewa an kafa shi a baya, mai yiwuwa a farkon karni na 18. Ghaziuddin Khan I (wanda ake kira Bahadur da Feroze Jung) ne ya kafa madrasa, wani mai daraja wanda ya zama sananne a lokacin mulkin Mughal sarki Aurangzeb . A cewar masanin tarihi Margrit Pernau, mai yiwuwa jikan Ghaziuddin Khan, Ghaziud din Khan II ne ya kammala tsarin.

Ba a san komai game da aikin madrasa ba. Yana daya daga cikin manyan madrasas guda uku da ke aiki a lokacin mulkin magajin Aurangzeb, sarki Bahadur Shah, kuma an ba da kuɗin sirri. An rufe madrasa a cikin shekarun 1790 saboda rashin kuɗi, amma an sake buɗe shi a cikin shekara ta 1792, da taimakon kuɗi daga Musulmai masu arziki na Delhi.

A cikin 1803, Birtaniya ta karɓi iko da Delhi daga Marathas. Sun gano cewa ana amfani da madrasa a matsayin hedkwatar Maratha, kuma sun dauki tsarin a matsayin barazanar tsaro saboda kusanci da Ajmeri Gate. An yi la'akari da rushewa, amma a maimakon haka an sanya madrasa a cikin ganuwar Shahjahanabad a matsayin bastion. A cikin 1824, an gudanar da gyare-gyare na madrasa, bayan haka a cikin 1825, an kafa kwalejin gwamnati ta gabas mai suna Kwalejin Delhi a cikin ɗakinsa. Kwalejin Delhi ta yi aiki a cikin madrasa har zuwa 1849, lokacin da aka sauya shi zuwa wani wuri daban. Bayan Rikicin Indiya na 1857, 'yan sanda na Burtaniya sun mamaye wurin har zuwa 1889, bayan haka Makarantar Anglo-Arabic ta fara aiki a cikin ginin.

Bayan samun 'Yancin kai na Indiya da Rarraba a 1947, an yi amfani da wani sashi na gidan na tsawon shekaru biyu a matsayin sansanin 'yan gudun hijira na Pakistan. A cikin 1948, Zakir Husain da Maulana Abul Kalam Azad sun farfado da shafin a matsayin makaranta, wanda a yau ke aiki a matsayin Kwalejin Zakir Husain Delhi . 

## Gine-gine
iwan Madrasa Ghaziuddin Khan yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan madrasas na Mughal (wasu su ne Khair-ul-Manazil da madrasa a Kabarin Sheikh Chilli). Har ila yau, yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan madrasas na tarihi da aka samo a Indiya; Ebba Koch ya sa a maimakon haka ana iya haɗa makarantu tare da masallatai, kuma Subhash Parihar ya kara da cewa an yi amfani da gine-ginen madrasa don takamaiman aikin ilimantar da *[[Ulama'u|Ulema]]* maimakon don ilimin firamare. Tunanin hadaddun a matsayin madrasa-da-masallaci guda huɗu, yana tunatar da madrasas na Asiya ta Tsakiya kamar Ulugh Beg Madrasa (watakila saboda asalin Ghaziuddin Khan na Bukharan).   A cewar Koch, tsarin zane ya kuma samo asali ne daga abubuwan da Shah Jahan ya kafa (gine-gine na mulkin Mughal Shah Jahan), yayin da abubuwan salo suna da halayyar gine-ginen Mughal daga baya. Masanin kimiyya Catherine Asher ya yi jayayya cewa wurin da tsarin yake bayan ganuwar Shahjahanabad, da kuma rashin gine-ginen Mughal na baya a yankin, ya nuna cewa wannan yankin ba a inganta shi ba a lokacin ginin.

A cewar Koch, yawancin madrasa sun adana ainihin ƙirarsu. Ginin yana da rectangular, gine-ginen farfajiyar daidaituwa (yana auna 69.49x96.20m) na fuka-fuki uku; ya ƙunshi babban ƙofar shiga, masallaci a gefen yamma (yana aiki a matsayin fuka-fuka na huɗu), da kuma shinge wanda ke dauke da kabarin Ghaziuddin a gefen kudu. Kowace reshe, da masallaci kanta, an nuna shi da iwan. Fuka-fukan guda uku suna da hawa biyu, kuma suna cike da *hujras* (kwayoyin). Fuka-fukan gabas (gefen ƙofar) yana da tsawon fuka-fuki na arewa da na kudu, kuma yana da babban ƙofar ƙofar. Fuka-fukan suna fuskantar gyare-gyare.

Masallacin Jama da 'yanci kuma yana fuskantar jan sandstone - yana kan iyakar yammacin ginin. Yana da ɗakuna uku, kuma yana kan tudu mai tsawo. Ginin masallacin ya ƙunshi dakuna da yawa da ke nuna ginshiƙai na musamman. Gine-ginen masallacin ya samo asali ne daga irin masallacin da aka kafa a lokacin mulkin sarki Shah Jahan, wanda misalai ke wakilta a Delhi kamar Jama Masjid, Fatehpuri Masjid, da Zeenat-ul-Masajid.

Wani shinge a gefen kudu yana da kabarin Ghaziuddin Khan, wanda aka binne shi a cikin hadaddun bayan mutuwarsa a cikin 1710. Tsarin yana da nau'i biyu na fuska na *jali*, tare da na waje da aka yi da sandstone kuma na ciki da aka yi na marmara. Halinsa yayi kama da na kaburbura da aka yi amfani da su don binne sarakunan Mughal a wannan lokacin.

## Manazarta