Florence Chenoweth

**Florence Alletta Chenoweth** (2 Afrilu 1945 - 26 Yuni 2023) 'Yar siyasa ce ta Liberia kuma ƙwararriya a fannin noma da tsaron abinci. A matsayinta na ministar noma a Liberia, ita ce mace ta farko da ta riƙe irin wannan matsayi a Afirka. Ta kuma riƙe manyan muƙamai da dama a Hukumar Abinci da Noma ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (FAO).

## Farkon aiki
An haifi Chenoweth a Robertsport, Liberia. Ta sami digirin farko a fannin tattalin arziki daga Jami'ar Liberia a shekarar 1967 kuma ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin tattalin arziki na noma daga Jami'ar Wisconsin–Madison da ke Amurka a shekarar 1970. Bayan ta koma Liberia, ta yi ayyuka daban-daban a Ma'aikatar Noma har zuwa shekarar 1977, lokacin da aka naɗa ta ministar noma ta Liberia.  Ita ce mace ta farko da ta yi aiki a matsayin ministar noma a Afirka kuma a lokacin ita ce mace ɗaya tilo da ta zama ministar noma a ko'ina.  Ta halarci taron FAO na ministocin noma na shekara-shekara sau biyu a hedikwatar FAO da ke Rome, ta fuskanci matsaloli a lokacin ziyarar aiki da ministocin suka kai Vatican. An hana ta shiga na ɗan lokaci, masu gadin suka gaya mata cewa "ba na mata ba ne". 

## Tashi daga Laberiya
A ranar 14 ga watan Afrilun 1979, Monrovia, babban birnin Liberia, ta fuskanci gagarumin tarzoma wanda ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwar mutane kusan 40 da kuma asarar dukiya ta dala miliyan 35. Duk da cewa tarzomar ta bayyana a matsayin siyasa ce ta yi amfani da ita, dalilin farko shi ne shawarar da Shugaba William Tolbert ya yanke, bisa shawarar Chenoweth, na ƙara farashin shinkafa. Shinkafa ta kasance babbar matsala ga asusun ajiyar waje kuma Chenoweth ya yi jayayya cewa ƙara farashin zai ƙarfafa manoman shinkafa na gida su ƙara yawan amfanin gona da kuma haɓaka wadatar kansu. Duk da haka, ba wai kawai shinkafa ce babban ɓangare na abincin birane na Liberia ba, har ma Shugaban ƙasa babban manomi ne kuma shugabannin 'yan adawa sun yi jayayya cewa ana ƙara farashin ne kawai don amfanar da shi. 

Ana iya ganin rikicin shinkafa a matsayin abin da ya haifar da juyin mulkin shekara guda bayan haka lokacin da Samuel Doe ya kwace mulki. An kashe Tolbert a lokacin juyin mulkin a ranar 12 ga watan Afrilu kuma an kashe mambobi 13 na Gwamnati, ciki har da mataimakin ministan noma, kwanaki goma bayan haka.  An yi mata gargaɗi cewa rayuwarta na cikin haɗari, Chenoweth ta ɓoye a cikin kabad a gidanta ta jira har sai da dare ya yi kafin ta gudu.  Ta sami nasarar tserewa ta raka 'ya'yanta zuwa aminci a Saliyo, kafin su nufi Amurka. 

Bayan ta isa Amurka ta yi aiki a Bankin Duniya, da farko a Zambia sannan a Washington, DC A shekarar 1986 ta sami digirin digirgir a fannin albarkatun ƙasa, daga Jami'ar Wisconsin-Madison, tare da wani rubutu a kan "Martani ga Ƙananan Manoma ga Ƙarfafa Tattalin Arziki: Nazarin Shari'a na Ƙananan Manoma a Laberiya".  A shekarar 1995 ta shiga FAO a matsayin wakilinta a Gambia. Daga baya ta buɗe ofishin FAO na farko a Afirka ta Kudu bayan ƙarshen mulkin wariyar launin fata.  A shekarar 2001, an naɗa ta a matsayin mai kula da hulɗar FAO da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a New York, muƙamin da ta riƙe har zuwa shekara ta 2007. 

## Komawa Laberiya
A shekarar 2009, Chenoweth ta fara wa'adi na biyu a matsayin ministan noma a Laberiya, inda ta riƙe muƙamin har sai da ta yi murabus a shekarar 2015.  A watan Janairun 2013, Shugabar ƙasar, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, ta dakatar da ita daga muƙamin na tsawon wata ɗaya, bayan wata badakala da ta shafi bayar da izinin gandun daji da aka yi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. Duk da cewa ba a yi zargin cewa ta ci riba da kanta ba, an zargi Chenoweth da gazawa wajen samar da sa ido da kuma yin bincike mai kyau wajen bayar da izini. A lokacin mulkinta, ta aiwatar da wani kamfen na "Komawa Ƙasa" a Laberiya don ƙarfafa manoma mata na karkara, waɗanda suka yi nasara wajen ƙara yawan noman shinkafa da rogo. 

Chenoweth ta mutu a ranar 26 ga watan Yuni 2023, yana da shekaru 78, bayan ta yi fama da cutar Alzheimer. 

## Kyaututtuka

* Florence Chenoweth ta sami digiri na girmamawa daga alma mater, Jami'ar Wisconsin-Madison, bayan naɗin semester-long a 2007 a matsayin fitaccen baƙo na duniya. Jami'ar ta lura da "aikin gwagwarmaya mai ban sha'awa don rage yunwa a duniya". Jami'ar ta ba ta lambar yabo ta Distinguished Alumni a shekarar 2005. 
* Shirin Yunwa ya ba ta suna a matsayin wanda ya lashe kyautar Afirka a shekarar 2011 don inganta rayuwar mata manoma. Ta inganta samar da abinci na gida a Laberiya, inda mutane da yawa ba su da abinci.
* Ta kasance Jakadiya Vital Voices da Bankin Amurka na Duniya. 

## Manazarta