Carbon tetrafluoride

**Tetrafluoromethane**, wanda kuma aka sani da **carbon tetrafluoride** ko R-14, shine mafi sauƙi perfluorocarbon ( C F 4 ). Kamar yadda sunan IUPAC ya nuna, tetrafluoromethane shine takwaransa mai gurbataccen ruwa zuwa methane na hydrocarbon. Hakanan ana iya rarraba shi azaman haloalkane ko halomethane . Tetrafluoromethane mai sanyi ne mai amfani amma kuma iskar gas mai ƙarfi.  Yana da ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa sosai saboda yanayin haɗin carbon-fluorine .

## jingina
Saboda mahara carbon-fluorine bond, da kuma high electronegativity na fluorine, da carbon a tetrafluoromethane yana da wani gagarumin m m cajin wanda ya karfafa da kuma rage hudu carbon-fluorine bond ta samar da ƙarin ionic hali. Abubuwan haɗin carbon-fluorine sune mafi ƙarfi guda ɗaya a cikin sinadarai na halitta .  Bugu da ƙari, suna ƙarfafa yayin da ake ƙara ƙarin abubuwan haɗin carbon-fluorine zuwa carbon atom iri ɗaya. A cikin mahaɗin organofluorine guda ɗaya-carbon wanda ke wakiltar kwayoyin fluoromethane, difluoromethane, trifluoromethane, da tetrafluoromethane, haɗin carbon-fluorine sun fi karfi a cikin tetrafluoromethane.  Wannan tasirin ya faru ne saboda haɓakar abubuwan jan hankali na coulombic tsakanin atom ɗin fluorine da carbon saboda carbon yana da ingantaccen caji na 0.76. 

## Shiri
Tetrafluoromethane shine samfurin lokacin da kowane fili na carbon, gami da carbon kanta, ya ƙone a cikin yanayin fluorine. Tare da hydrocarbons, hydrogen fluoride shine kwafi. An fara ba da rahoto a cikin 1926.  Hakanan za'a iya shirya shi ta hanyar fluorination na carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide ko phosgene tare da tetrafluoride sulfur . A kasuwanci ana kera shi ta hanyar amsawar hydrogen fluoride tare da dichlorodifluoromethane ko chlorotrifluoromethane ; Ana kuma samar da shi a lokacin electrolysis na karfe fluorides MF, MF 2 ta amfani da carbon electrode.

Ko da yake ana iya yin shi daga ɗimbin abubuwan precursors da fluorine, furotin na asali yana da tsada kuma yana da wuyar iyawa. A sakamakon haka, CF An shirya CF akan sikelin masana'antu ta amfani da hydrogen fluoride : 

: CCl 2 F 2 + 2 HF → CF 4 + 2 HCl

### Laboratory kira
Ana iya shirya Tetrafluoromethane da silicon tetrafluoride a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje ta hanyar amsawar silicon carbide tare da fluorine.

: SiC + 4 F 2 → CF 4 + SiF 4

## Martani
Tetrafluoromethane, kamar sauran fluorocarbons, yana da ƙarfi sosai saboda ƙarfin haɗin gwiwar carbon-fluorine. Abubuwan da ke cikin tetrafluoromethane suna da ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na 515 kJ⋅mol -1 . A sakamakon haka, shi ne inert zuwa acid da hydroxides. Duk da haka, yana mayar da martani tare da karafa na alkali . Rushewar thermal ko konewar CF 4 yana samar da iskar gas mai guba ( carbonyl fluoride da carbon monoxide ) kuma a gaban ruwa kuma zai samar da hydrogen fluoride .

Yana da ɗan narkewa sosai cikin ruwa (kimanin 20&nbsp;mg⋅L -1 ), amma sosai mai narkewa a cikin kwayoyin kaushi. Lokacin da ruwa ya cika, yana da gaba ɗaya miscible a cikin kwayoyin kaushi.

## Amfani
Tetrafluoromethane wani lokaci ana amfani dashi azaman mai sanyi mai ƙarancin zafin jiki (R-14). Ana amfani da shi a cikin microfabrication na lantarki kadai ko a hade tare da oxygen a matsayin wani abu na plasma don silicon, silicon dioxide, da silicon nitride .  Har ila yau, yana da amfani a cikin injin gano neutron. 

## Tasirin muhalli

Tetrafluoromethane shine iskar gas mai ƙarfi wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga tasirin greenhouse . Yana da karko sosai, yana da tsawon rayuwa na yanayi na shekaru 50,000, kuma yana da yuwuwar dumamar yanayi sau 6,500 fiye da na CO 2 . 

Tetrafluoromethane shine mafi yawan perfluorocarbon a cikin yanayi, inda aka sanya shi a matsayin PFC-14. Matsayinta na yanayi yana girma:  ƙaddamarwar masana'antu na farko da aka samar ta hanyar iskar oxygen oxidation na fluorite da amsawa tare da kwayoyin halitta bai wuce sassa 40 a kowace tiriliyan ba.   Tun daga shekarar 2019, iskar gas da mutum ya yi CFC-11 da CFC-12 suna ci gaba da ba da gudummawar daɗaɗɗa mai ƙarfi fiye da PFC-14. 

Ko da yake tsarin yana kama da chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), tetrafluoromethane ba ya rage ledar sararin samaniya  saboda haɗin carbon-fluorine ya fi wannan ƙarfi tsakanin carbon da chlorine. 

Babban watsin masana'antu na tetrafluoromethane ban da hexafluoroethane ana samar da su yayin samar da aluminium ta amfani da tsarin Hall-Héroult . Hakanan ana samar da CF 4 azaman samfur na rushewar hadaddun mahadi kamar halocarbons . 

## Hadarin lafiya
Saboda yawansa, tetrafluoromethane na iya kawar da iska, yana haifar da haɗarin asphyxiation a wuraren da ba su da isasshen iska. In ba haka ba, yawanci ba shi da lahani saboda kwanciyar hankali.

## Manazarta