Yaren Afirka da Guyana

Afro-Guyanese, wanda aka fi sani da **Black Guyanese**, gabaɗaya zuriyar bayi ne na Afirka da aka kawo Guyana daga Yamma da Tsakiyar Afirka, da Ƙananan Antilles a lokacin Cinikin bayi na Atlantic. Bayan kawar da bautar, kimanin mutane 45,000 na Barbados sun yi ƙaura zuwa Guyana daga 1835 zuwa 1928. Kodayake Guyana tana cikin ƙasa a Kudancin Amurka, ana ɗaukar Afro-Guyanese a matsayin Afro-Caribbean saboda al'adunsu da asalin kakanninsu a tsibirin Caribbean.

## Tarihi

### Bautar
Kamfanin Dutch West India ya juya zuwa shigo da bayi na Afirka, waɗanda suka zama muhimmiyar mahimmanci a cikin tattalin arzikin mulkin mallaka. A cikin shekarun 1660, yawan bayi ya kai kusan 2,500; an kiyasta yawan 'yan asalin a 50,000, mafi yawansu sun koma cikin babban yankin. Kodayake an dauki bayi na Afirka a matsayin muhimmin bangare na tattalin arzikin mulkin mallaka, yanayin aikinsu ya kasance mai tsanani. Yawan mace-mace ya yi yawa, kuma yanayin da ba shi da kyau ya haifar da tawaye na bayi sama da rabin goma sha biyu. Bayin sun samar da kofi, sukari da auduga don kasuwar Dutch.

Mafi shahararren Tashin hankali na Bawa, Berbice Slave Uprising, ya fara ne a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu 1763.  A gonaki biyu a kan Kogin Canje a Berbice, bayi sun yi tawaye, sun mallaki yankin. Kamar yadda shuka bayan shuka ya fadi ga bayi, yawan mutanen Turai sun gudu; a ƙarshe rabin fararen da suka zauna a cikin mulkin mallaka sun kasance. A karkashin jagorancin Cuffy (yanzu jarumi na kasa na Guyana), mayakan 'yancin Afirka sun kai kimanin 3,000 kuma sun yi barazanar ikon Turai a kan Guianas. An kayar da mayakan 'yanci tare da taimakon sojoji daga yankunan Faransa da na Burtaniya da ke makwabtaka da kuma daga Turai.

Rayuwar mulkin mallaka ta canza sosai ta hanyar mutuwar bautar. Kodayake an soke cinikin bayi na kasa da kasa a Daular Burtaniya a cikin 1807,  bautar kanta ta ci gaba a cikin nau'in "jirgi mai koyo".  A cikin abin da aka sani da tawaye na Demerara na 1823 bayi 10-13,000 a Demerara-Essequibo sun tayar da iyayensu. Kodayake an murkushe tawaye cikin sauƙi,  ƙarfin kawarwa ya kasance, kuma a shekara ta 1838 an sami cikakken 'yanci.

An kafa tsarin koyon jirgin don ƙirƙirar lokacin buffer ga masu gonar; don kiyaye tsoffin bayi a matsayin ma'aikata amma samar da biyan kuɗi.  &#x5B;**&#x5D;

### Samun 'yanci
Ko da yake har yanzu akwai buƙatar ma'aikatan gona, yanayin aiki ba shi da kyau bayan 'yanci, don haka tsoffin bayi ba su da sha'awar yin aiki a cikin tsarin shuka, suna son dogaro da kansu ko aiki mai ƙwarewa.  Wasu tsoffin bayi sun koma garuruwa da ƙauyuka, suna jin cewa aikin gona yana da ƙasƙanci kuma bai dace da 'yanci ba, amma wasu sun haɗa albarkatun su don siyan kadarorin da aka watsar da tsoffin iyayensu kuma sun kirkiro al'ummomin ƙauyuka. Kafa kananan ƙauyuka ya ba wa sabbin al'ummomin Afro-Guyanese damar girma da siyar da abinci, fadada aikin da aka ba bayi damar adana kuɗin da ya fito daga siyar da duk wani kayan da ya rage. Fitowar wani dan kasar Afro-Guyanese mai zaman kansa, duk da haka, ya yi barazanar ikon siyasa na masu shuka, saboda masu shuka ba su da iko a kan ayyukan tattalin arzikin mulkin mallaka.

Har ila yau, 'yanci ya haifar da gabatar da sabbin kabilanci da al'adu a cikin Guiana ta Burtaniya,  kamar ma'aikatan kwangila na kasar Sin da na Fotigal, wadanda bayan kammala kwangilarsu, suka zama masu fafatawa tare da sabon matsakaicin Afro-Guyanese.  Babban rukuni na ma'aikata sun fito ne daga Indiya, kuma daga baya za su girma cikin aji mai ci gaba da gasa. Ba kamar kungiyoyin baƙi na gaba ba, ba a ba da tsoffin bayi ko hanyar zuwa ƙasarsu ba, kuma wannan, ban da sauran maganin kabilanci da favouritism, ya haifar da tashin hankali tsakanin kabilun.

### Karni na 20
A farkon karni na ashirin, yawancin mutanen birane na kasar sun kasance Afro-Guyanese. Yawancin mutanen Afro-Guyanese da ke zaune a ƙauyuka sun yi ƙaura zuwa garuruwa don neman aiki. Har zuwa shekarun 1930, mutanen Afro-Guyanese, musamman wadanda suka fito daga zuriya, sun hada da yawancin wadanda ba fararen fata ba. A cikin shekarun 1930, yayin da Indo-Guyanese suka fara shiga aji na tsakiya a cikin adadi mai yawa, sun fara gasa tare da Afro-Guyanes don matsayi na sana'a.

## Al'adu
Afro-Guyanese galibi sun fito ne daga Akans na Ghana Yammacin Afirka. Akwai shaidar al'adu da yawa don tallafawa wannan. Kofi, jarumi na Afirka-Guyanese na kasa dan Akan ne daga Ghana, haka kuma Quamina Gladstone. Yawancin abincin Afro-Guyanese da aka ci a Guyana sun samo asali ne daga Ghana. Misalan su ne: Foo-Foo (Twi:Fufu (Ghana)), Metemgee (Twi metem = shuke-shuke ko ayaba; gye = don jin daɗi (banana mai farin ciki)), Cou-Cou (Twi -nkuku) da Cookup Rice (wanda aka sani da Waakye a Ghana). Sorrel na iya rinjayar wannan al'ada.  (Zobo/Sobolo) 

Wannan babban tasirin al'adun Ghana a kan Afro-Guyanese na iya zama saboda tarihin Dutch, kafa kyakkyawar alaƙa da aka kafa tare da Daular Ashanti. Har ila yau, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa Nduyka (Aukan) waɗanda ke zaune a gefen Yammacin makwabcin Suriname suma suna da alaƙa da Akans. Wannan na iya zama saboda kusanci da suke raba.

Wani sanannen al'adun Afro-Guyanese shine Kwe-Kwe . Kwe-Kwe rawa ce kafin bikin aure na asalin Afirka ta Yamma wanda aka yi kafin bikin aure kuma na musamman ne ga Afro-Guyanese. Yana da rawa tare da tasirin Afirka ta Yamma da haɗin kan iyalai 2 tare da abokai.

Bautar tana da mummunar tasiri ga iyali da tsarin zamantakewa, yayin da aka sayi kowane memba na iyali kuma aka sayar da shi ba tare da la'akari da dangi ko dangantaka ba. Ba a amince da aure ba ga bayi, har ma bayan 'yanci, bukukuwan aure da auren doka sun kasance masu tsada. Abubuwan da ke cikin gidaje sun bambanta, kuma suna iya zama matriarchal ko ƙungiyar iyali ta nukiliya.

Kodayake mafi yawan adadin Afro-Guyanese Krista ne, akwai mabiya biyayya, addinin gargajiya na asalin Afirka, wanda ya haɗa da imani da ayyukan dukkan kungiyoyin baƙi.

Afro-Guyanese sun kasance wani muhimmin bangare na ma'aikatan gwamnati. Afro-Guyanese suna fuskantar ƙalubale ga shigar kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, kamar samun damar samun kuɗi. A cikin siyasa, Afro-Guyanese sun kasance babban ɓangare na A Partnership for National Unity masu jefa kuri'a.

A cikin 2017, ƙungiyar ƙwararrun Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yanke shawarar cewa Afro-Guyanese suna fuskantar nuna bambanci a cikin tilasta bin doka, aiki, da ilimi, kodayake dole ne a lura cewa Afro'Guyanese sun kai kashi 90% na ma'aikata a cikin waɗannan yankuna masu suna. 

## Manazarta