Masu gwagwarmayar 'yancin tattalin arziki da kakakin majalisar dokoki

Yakilai na 'Yancin Tattalin Arziki v Kakakin Majalisar Dokoki da Sauran; Jam'iyyar Democrat v Kakakin majalisar Dokoki da sauransu  ZACC 11  muhimmiyar hukunci ce ta Kotun Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Afirka ta Kudu wacce ta gano cewa Shugaba Jacob Zuma ya karya Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Afirka ta Kudu ta hanyar kasa aiwatar da shawarwarin a cikin rahoton Nkandla na Mai Kare Jama'a.

## Tarihi
A shekara ta 2009, a lokacin wa'adin farko na Shugaba Zuma, an gyara gidansa na Nkandla sosai kuma an inganta shi. Shugaban kasa ya ce wadannan ingantaccen tsaro ne. Koyaya, nan da nan ya bayyana cewa haɓakawa sun haɗa da abubuwan da ba na tsaro ba kamar tafkin yin iyo da kuma gidan shanu. Mai Kare Jama'a, Thuli Madonsela, ya fara bincike game da rashin amfani da albarkatun jihar. A ranar 19 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2014, ta fitar da rahoton da ake kira Nkandla, wanda ya gano cewa wasu daga cikin haɓakawa ba bisa ka'ida ba ne kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa Shugaba Zuma ya biya kuɗin da aka yi amfani da su.

Rahoton ya zama mai kawo rigima sosai, yayin da Zuma da gwamnatinsa na ANC suka ki yin aiki a kai kuma suka yi tambaya game da halayensa. A lokuta uku a cikin shekara ta 2014, Shugaban kasa ya rubuta wasiƙu ga Mai Tsaron Jama'a yana da halin shakku game da rahoton. A ranar 14 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2014 Zuma ya ce zai ba da izinin Majalisar, da Ministan ƴan sanda, su tantance waɗanne matakai na gyarawa, idan akwai, ya kamata ya ɗauka. Daga baya ya musanta cewa shawarwarin Mai Tsaron Jama'a sun kasance masu bin doka. Zuma ta kauce wa zargi mai tsanani da yaduwa, gami da jam'iyyun adawa da Economic Freedom Fighters da Democratic Alliance. 'Yan majalisa na EFF sau da yawa suna katse ayyukan majalisa don neman Zuma ta "yi biyan kuɗin",   wanda ya haifar da rikice-rikice tsakanin su da Kakakin Majalisar Dokoki Baleka Mbete, wanda wasu suka ɗauka yana nuna son Zuma a cikin gudanar da ayyukan majalisa. A wani irin wannan lokacin, a jawabin Zuma na 2015 State of the Nation, waɗannan katsewa sun haifar da rikici tsakanin 'yan majalisa da ma'aikatan tsaro da kuma matakin kotu na gaba (wanda aka yanke hukunci a kan gwamnati).   Lokacin da Zuma ya bayyana a majalisa sau da yawa ya yi watsi da ko ya yi dariya game da tambayoyi game da Nkandla. A ƙarshe EFF ta sanar, a watan Mayu 2015, cewa za ta gabatar da aikace-aikacen kotu don tilasta Zuma ta yi aiki a kan rahoton Mai Tsaron Jama'a. DA ta shigar da irin wannan aikace-aikacen jim kadan bayan haka.

Kamar yadda ake tsammani, Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa da ke karkashin ikon ANC ta kafa kwamiti na wucin gadi don gudanar da wani bincike na layi daya karkashin jagorancin Ministan 'yan sanda Nathi Nhleko, wanda rahotonsa, wanda aka saki a watan Agusta 2015, ya yi niyyar "kawarya" Zuma. Majalisar ta amince da wannan rahoto a ranar 18 ga watan Agusta 2015.  A kan wannan dalili, Zuma ya ci gaba da yin watsi da shawarwarin Mai Tsaron Jama'a.

A ranar 8 ga Oktoba 2015 Kotun Koli ta Afirka ta Kudu ta yanke hukunci a cikin wani al'amari daban (watau *SABC da DA*, game da Hlaudi Motsoeneng saga) wanda ya gano rahotanni na Mai Tsaro na Jama'a suna da doka. A yin haka Kotun ta sauya Babban Kotun, wanda hukuncinsa a ranar 24 ga Oktoba 2014 ya ce rahotannin kawai masu ba da shawara ne.

## Tasirin
An yaba da hukuncin Mogoeng na "mai iko" da "mai zurfi" a matsayin "nasara ga mulkin doka", kuma babban rauni ga Shugaban da aka soki sosai, wanda hukuncin ya kasance "mai banƙyama".        Wani mai sharhi ya ce hukuncin Mogoeng shine "lokacin nasara da fansa", kuma ya nuna canjinsa daga abin da ake tsammani "kayan aiki" na kafa zuwa "jarumi na kasa" a hanyar da ta tunatar da Earl Warren. Masanin siyasa Steven Friedman ya ce hukuncin shine "mafi kyawun saƙo duk da haka cewa Kundin Tsarin Mulki yana aiki";  wani mai sharhi ya ce muhimmancin hukuncin shine cewa "yana da'awar cewa duk mulki a wannan ƙasa yana ƙarƙashin Kundin Tsarin mulki".  Tsohon Shugaban kasa Thabo Mbeki ya ce ya kamata alƙalai na Kotun Tsarin Mulki su kasance "gaishe" saboda "hanyar da suka cika alhakinsu na tsarin mulki a matsayin kotunmu mafi girma".[d] Mai shari'a Edwin Cameron, wanda ya zauna a cikin shari'ar, ya ba da shawarar a cikin jawabin jama'a cewa yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan hukunce-hukuncen Kotun guda biyu. Wani mai sharhi ya lura, duk da haka, cewa lauyan Shugaba Zuma ya yarda da mafi yawan maki da Kotun ta yanke masa hukunci.

Abin da ya rage shi ne sanarwar Kotun cewa Zuma ya karya Kundin Tsarin Mulki, wanda shine tushen yiwuwar tsige Zuma. Nan da nan bayan shari'ar, Julius Malema da Mmusi Maimane, shugabannin masu neman nasara guda biyu a cikin shari'ar sun yi kira ga Zuma ya sauka. Koyaya, Zuma ya nemi ya rage hukuncin. A cikin wata sanarwa ta manema labarai da yamma, ya ce ya yi maraba da hukuncin kuma koyaushe ya yarda da rahotanni na Mai Tsaron Jama'a suna da binding, kuma ya lura cewa Kotun ta sami damar kafa tsarin bincike na layi daya kuma ya yi "da gaskiya" da "da aminci". Masu sharhi na shari'a sun yi Allah wadai da waɗannan da'awar a matsayin mummunar kuskuren hukunci. Sun nuna cewa ba zai iya zama lamarin ba, kamar yadda Zuma ya yi iƙirarin, cewa kawai yana karɓar tsarin Babban Kotun ga ikon Mai Tsaron Jama'a a cikin hukuncin *DA da SABC*, saboda an ba da hakan makonni shida *bayan* Zuma ya nuna niyyarsa ba za ta bi rahotonta ba. Masu sharhi sun kuma yi Allah wadai da sanarwar Shugaban kasa   cewa Kotun ba ta taba samun Zuma ya karya ofishinsa ba, tunda wannan shine tasirin da ba za a iya kuskure ba.  

## Manazarta