Albaliyar ruwa na ƙasar fakistan na 2022

Daga 15 ga Yuni zuwa Oktoba 2022, ambaliyar ruwa a Pakistan ta kashe mutane 1,739  kuma ta haifar da kusan dala biliyan 40 a cikin lalacewa.  Dalilin ambaliyar ya fi nauyi fiye da ruwan sama na yau da kullun da kuma narkewar kankara  wanda ya biyo bayan mummunan zafi, dukansu biyu suna da alaƙa da Canjin yanayi.

A ranar 25 ga watan Agustan 2022, Pakistan ta ayyana dokar ta baci saboda ambaliyar.

Ambaliyar ita ce ambaliyar da ta fi muni a duniya tun bayan ambaliyar Asiya ta Kudu ta 2020  kuma an bayyana ta a matsayin mafi muni a tarihin kasar.  An kuma rubuta shi a matsayin daya daga cikin bala'o'i masu tsada a tarihin duniya.

## Tarihi
Ministan Canjin yanayi na Pakistan, Sherry Rehman, ya ce lardunan  da Balochistan sun sami ruwan sama fiye da matsakaicin watan Agusta, tare da 784% da 500% fiye, bi da bi. An kuma rubuta ruwan sama sama fiye da matsakaicin ruwan sama a Indiya da Bangladesh. Tekun Indiya yana daya daga cikin tekuna masu saurin dumama a duniya, dumama da matsakaicin 1 ° C (1.8 ° F) (yayinda yanayin zafi na duniya yanzu yana da  ° C (2.2 ° F) sama da yanayin zafi na masana'antu, tekuna gabaɗaya suna kusa da  ° C (1.3 ° F)).  Hawan Yanayin zafi na teku an yi imanin yana kara ruwan sama.   Bugu da kari, kudancin Pakistan ya fuskanci raƙuman zafi a baya-baya a watan Mayu da Yuni, waɗanda suka kasance masu rikodin rikodin kuma kansu sun zama mafi yiwuwa ta hanyar canjin yanayi. Wadannan sun haifar da mummunan zafi wanda ya kawo ruwan sama mai nauyi fiye da yadda aka saba.   Har ila yau, ruwan zafi ya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa a Gilgit-Baltistan.

Pakistan tana ba da gudummawa ƙasa da 1% na hayakin gas na duniya, amma yana ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da suka fi fuskantar canjin yanayi. Wani binciken da wata kungiya ta kasa da kasa ta masana kimiyyar yanayi ta yi ya ce dumama duniya ya sa ambaliyar ta zama mafi muni har zuwa 50% kuma ambaliyar nan gaba ta fi dacewa. Koyaya, wasu daga cikin masu ba da gudummawa ga tsananin ambaliyar ruwa na cikin gida ne ga ƙasar. Kashe gandun daji a Pakistan ya kasance wani abu da ya kara ambaliyar ruwa.

## Tasirin

Mutane 1,739 sun mutu, ciki har da yara 647, kuma ƙarin 1,867 sun ji rauni. Fiye da mutane miliyan 2.1 sun rasa gida saboda ambaliyar. Wadannan su ne ambaliyar ruwa mafi muni a Pakistan tun 2010, lokacin da kusan 2,000 suka mutu a ambaliyar,  kuma mafi muni a duniya tun ambaliyar Asiya ta Kudu ta 2020.  A ranar 29 ga watan Agusta, Sherry Rehman, ministan canjin yanayi, ya yi iƙirarin cewa "kashi ɗaya bisa uku" na ƙasar yana ƙarƙashin ruwa, kuma babu "ƙasa mai bushe don fitar da ruwa", ya kara da cewa "rikice ne na girman da ba a iya tsammani ba". Da'awarta ta sami yaduwar kafofin watsa labarai. Sabanin haka, Cibiyar Satellite ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta UNOSAT ta ba da rahoton cewa ambaliyar ruwa ta 75,000 (kimanin 9% na Pakistan) tare da USAID yana nuna matsakaicin ruwan ambaliyar kilomita 32,800 (kimani 10% na Pakistan).  Wani rahoto na BBC ya kiyasta cewa kusan kashi 10-12% na Pakistan ya cika da ambaliyar ruwa;  jimlar yankin ambaliyar da ke tsaye ya kai kololuwa tsakanin Yuli da Agusta a kusan murabba'in kilomita 32,800 (84,952).  Har ila yau, ambaliyar ta lalata gonakin noma.

Ambaliyar ta shafi mutane miliyan 33 a Pakistan   kuma ta lalata gidaje 897,014 kuma ta lalata wasu 1,391,467. An kashe dabbobi 1,164,270, mafi yawansu a lardin Balochistan,  yayin da lalacewar kilomita 13,115 (8,149  na hanyoyi da gadoji 439  ya hana shiga cikin yankunan da ambaliyar ta shafa.  Fiye da makarantu 22,000 sun lalace ko kuma sun lalace.

Ma'aikatar Kudi ta kiyasta lalacewar ambaliyar ta kai Rs.91 tiriliyan (US $ 14.9 biliyan), kuma asarar tattalin arziki ta kai Rs 3.99 tiriliyan ($ 15.2 biliyan). Gwamnati ta buƙaci Rs4.26 tiriliyan (US $ 16.3 biliyan) don murmurewa daga ambaliyar. Shirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP) da Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya (ILO) suma sun yarda da lalacewar da asarar tattalin arziki da gwamnatin Pakistan ta tantance. Koyaya, wani kimantawa da Bankin Duniya da Majalisar Canjin Yanayi ta Pakistan suka yi ya yi iƙirarin cewa lalacewar ambaliyar ta kai dala biliyan 40.

Ma'aikatan agaji sun yi gargadin cewa rashin ruwan sha mai tsabta ya haifar da karuwar cututtukan da ke tattare da ruwa, wato zawo, kwalara, dengue, da zazzabin cizon sauro. Hakanan an bayar da rahoton Cututtukan fata da ke haifar da yanayin rigar.

### Sindh
Floods in Sindh killed 799 people and injured 8,422. Among the 338 children killed were three who died when the roof of their house collapsed in Kandhkot. 10 million people were displaced in Sindh and 57,496 houses were severely damaged or completely destroyed, mostly in the Hyderabad Division, and 830 cattle were killed.  of farmland was impacted by the floods.

Rukunin Larkana da Sukkur sun sha wahala sosai daga ambaliyar ruwa; Thari Mirwah da Khairpur Nathan Shah sun "ruwan ruwa".    Ambaliyar ta juya Kogin Indus ya zama tafkin mai faɗin kilomita 100 (62 mi). Mazaunansu sun ceci garuruwan Johi da Mehar da ke yin zoben da ke kewaye da garuruwan su.&nbsp;&nbsp;

A Jacobabad, wanda aka kira birni mafi zafi a duniya, sama da mutane 40,000 suna zaune a cikin mafaka na wucin gadi tare da iyakancewar abinci, tare da mutuwar 19 daga ambaliyar ruwa har zuwa 31 ga watan Agusta. 

A lokacin ambaliyar ruwa, Tafkin Manchar ya cika, kuma a watan Satumbar 2022 an yi ƙoƙari don taimakawa wajen zubar da ruwa.

A cikin Gundumar Dadu, an ruwaito ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye ƙauyuka 300.

Gwamnatin lardin Sindh ta tabbatar, a ranar 16 ga Satumba 2022, mutane 588 da suka kamu da zazzabin cizon sauro, tare da wasu mutane 10,604 da ake zargi, da kuma mutane 17,977 da suka kamuwa da zawo, da kuma 20,064 na cututtukan fata. Tun daga 1 ga Yuli, an kula da jimlar marasa lafiya 2,300,000 don zazzabin cizon sauro a cikin asibitoci masu tafi-da-gidanka. An bayar da rahoton yawan mutane 90,000 na zawo a rana ɗaya a ranar 1 ga Satumba.

### Balochistan
Flooding in Balochistan killed 336 people. In many areas, rainwater infiltrated many homes and made them uninhabitable. Many families were displaced. 426,897 houses were either damaged or completely destroyed, and  of crops were lost. An estimated half-million livestock were also killed.

## Amsa

### Kasar kasa
Hukumar Sadarwa ta Pakistan (PTA) ta gabatar da lambar SMS ta 9999 don gudummawar agajin ambaliyar ruwa don bawa masu amfani damar ba da kuɗin su ta hanyar rubutun wayar hannu don tallafawa wadanda ambaliyar ta shafa. Za a buƙaci masu amfani su rubuta "kudi" kuma su aika shi zuwa gajeren lambar 9999 don ba da gudummawa Rs. 10 (ko US ¢4.5) don ba da gudummawa ga asusun taimakon ambaliyar Firayim Minista.

An zargi gwamnati da rashin aiki kan ayyukan agaji da ceto,  tare da jami'an yankin da ake zargin suna tara taimakon jin kai.  Abubuwan da suka faru na fashi saboda rashin taimako sun fito,  tare da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da yawa da suka dakatar da ayyukan agaji bayan an sace motocinsu da ke dauke da kayan agaji.  A Sukkur, 'yan sanda sun yi rajistar mutane 100 da ambaliyar ta shafa a karkashin zargin ta'addanci don nuna rashin amincewa da rashin abinci da taimako lokacin da Shehbaz Sharif da ministan harkokin waje Bilawal Bhutto suka ziyarci don tantance lalacewar ambaliyar a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta.

Mehraz ya samar da kayayyaki na gidaje masu tsada kyauta da aka yi da bamboo ga al'ummomin da abin ya shafa, yana mai da hankali kan dabarun gine-gine masu kyau da kuma kula da ambaliyar ruwa. 

#### Kasashe

* : The EU announced that it is providing immediate provision of €350,000 (nearly ₨. 76 million) to Pakistan for humanitarian assistance. On 28 August, it mobilised another €2.35 million in emergency humanitarian funding.
* : On 18 August, United States Secretary of State, Antony Blinken, announced a $1 million disaster aid to Pakistan to overcome challenges caused by flooding. On 30 August, the United States announced another grant of $30 million. On 5 September, U.S. Department of State Counselor Derek Chollet announced a visit to Pakistan with a high-level delegation for a few days to provide further help to Pakistan. When in Pakistan, the United States created a massive humanitarian air bridge for flood victims. The air bridge made it possible for twenty US C-17 military aircraft to easily transport food and shelter material to Pakistan worth $2.2 million. On 9 September, the United States announced a commitment of a total of $53.1 million in US AID to Pakistan. $50.1 million for urgent flood relief and $3 million to bolster disaster resilience.
* : On 22 August, Saudi Arabia, through KSrelief, started delivering 100 emergency relief trucks, carrying 10,000 food packages weighing 950 tons to 17 flood-ravaged districts in Pakistan. This would benefit more than 70,000 people.
* : On 25 August, a spokesman of the Chinese Foreign Ministry in a statement expressed their deep sympathies to the flood-affected victims and offered sincere condolences to the families of the victims. Emergency humanitarian aid, including 25,000 tents and relief materials, is being dispatched forthwith while 4,000 tents, 50,000 blankets, 50,000 tarpaulins, and other reserves provided by China under the framework of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor's (CPEC) social and people's livelihood cooperation have been put into the frontline for relief. The Red Cross Society of China has already provided emergency cash assistance of $300,000 to the Pakistan Red Crescent Society. On 30 August, China announced an assistance grant of 100 million yuan (US$14.5 million). On 3 September, China announced another assistance package of 300 million yuan (US$43.5 million).
* : On 27 August, the Government of the United Kingdom announced £1.5m flood support fund for Pakistan. On 1 September, the UK government announced a further £15 million in assistance for Pakistan. The Disasters Emergency Committee also raised £8 million in just 24 hours.
* : On 27 August, Azerbaijan announced it would provide US$2 million in aid to Pakistan.
* : On 28 August, the Irish minister of foreign affairs, Simon Coveney, said in a post on Twitter that Ireland has 'committed an initial contribution of €500,000 in emergency humanitarian funding' to Pakistan.
* : On 29 August, Canada announced $5 million funding for humanitarian assistance to Pakistan. On 13 September, Canada announced bringing the total aid to $30 million and a $3 million matching fund.
* : On 29 August, the UAE opened an airbridge to transport humanitarian aid from the UAE to Pakistan, pledging 20 aircraft sorties of relief goods for flood victims worth $50 million. On 9 September, UAE Minister of Tolerance & Coexistence Nahyan bin Mubarak Al Nahyan announced aid of $10 million for relief and rehabilitation of the flood-stricken people of Pakistan, for which Prime Minister of Pakistan Shehbaz Sharif has thanked him.
** : Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, ruler of Dubai, announced an additional 50 million AED (US$13.5 million) aid package for flood victims.
* : On 29 August, Qatar announced that they will send 21,000 food baskets, 5,000 tents, and 5,000 personal hygiene kits to Pakistan, through their Qatar Fund for Development. Emir of Qatar Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani also donated humanitarian assistance for flood victims, which includes a field hospital with a 93-member staff. In addition, Qatar established an airbridge with the Qatari Emiri Air Force to provide urgent assistance.
* : On 29 August, Indian prime minister, Narendra Modi, extended heartfelt condolences to the families of those who were affected by the floods and said that he hopes for an early restoration of normalcy. Offers of material assistance and aid declined by the Pakistani government.
* : On 30 August, Germany announced food aid to 1,000 families for two months in Pakistan's Lasbela District. Additionally, Germany also announced food aid and hygiene sets to a total of 60,000 people. On 9 September, Germany announced a further donation of €1 million to Pakistan. On 15 September, Germany announced an additional €10 million of aid for a total of 24 million. On 27 September, Germany announced that the total aid would be raised to €56 million ($54.35 million).
* : On 30 August, South Korea announced $300,000 in relief aid to Pakistan.
* : On 30 August 2022, Prime Minister of Bangladesh Sheikh Hasina, announced that her country will provide aid to flood victims in the Balochistan province of Pakistan. Bangladesh's Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief has allocated ৳14 million (US$140,000) to provide relief items to Pakistan including 10 tonnes of biscuit, 10 tonnes of dry cake, 100,000 water purification tablets, 50,000 packets of oral saline, 5,000 mosquito nets, 2,000 blankets, and 2,000 tents.
* : On 31 August, the Australian Government announced it will provide $2 million in humanitarian aid to Pakistan.
* : On 31 August, the Government of Japan announced it will provide emergency relief goods to Pakistan, containing tents and plastic sheets, through Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). On 6 September, Japan announced a new emergency grant of $7 million to support the people of Pakistan.
* : The Turkish sent relief goods to Pakistan, including 10,000 tents, 50,000 food parcels, 50,000 hygiene materials, and 10,000 parcels of baby food in the first stage.
* : On 31 August, the Government of Norway announced 25 million NOK (US$2.5 million) in emergency relief and food security efforts. On 8 September, Norway announced an increase to their flood relief contribution to 80 million NOK (US$8.15 million).
* : On 31 August, France, on the request of President Emmanuel Macron, announced they will donate 83 high-capacity water pumps, 200 family tents, and survival, hygiene, and protective equipment to Pakistan. France will also deploy doctors and nurses to the country and will ship a 50-meter-long Bailey bridge that could be swiftly deployed in the affected areas.
* : On 31 August, Sweden aed a 30 million SEK (US$2.8 million) donation to impacted communities.
* : On 1 September, Iran sent 1000 tents, 4000 blankets, and 2000 mosquito nets.
* : On 1 September, Denmark announced 10 million DKK (US$1.35 million) in emergency assistance. Denmark also sent a water purification module that can convert contaminated water into drinking water and produce 120,000 liters of clean water per day. Along with 10 Danish specialists.
* : On 7 September, Jordan provided urgent medical assistance to Pakistan. The Royal Jordanian Air Force delivered medical supplies, tents, and food.
* : On 26 September, the Indonesian government sent $1 million in financial assistance. 32 tons of aid in the form of tents, medicines, groceries and others were sent. Indonesia also dispatched 29 medical teams which included paramedics, pediatricians, nutritionists, dermatologists and pharmacists to help victims affected by the floods.
* : In a response to Pakistan's appeals for international aid for flood relief, Belgium will provide Pakistan 300 tents to shelter a total of 1800 people.
* : In a view to contributing to the international humanitarian response, the Italian Agency for Development Cooperation has allocated a 500,000 euro (US$485,000) emergency contribution to the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) in Pakistan. The contribution will enable the IFRC to support the Pakistan Red Crescent in delivering emergency aid to the most vulnerable population segments.
* : The people of Maldives are collected money. Some of Maldivian broadcasting channels, including state media PSM, along with the Pakistan High Commission in Maldives, held a 16-hour telethon to help Pakistan and got MVR 3.8 million (US$246,000).
* : The Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama, said that high-emitting countries are to blame for the devastating flood in Pakistan.

## Manazarta