Mike Kaplowitz

**Michael B. Kaplowitz** (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga Satumba, 1959) lauya ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka, mai tsara harkokin kuɗi kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Democrat daga Somers, New York . Ya kasance memba na Hukumar 'Yan Majalisa ta Gundumar Westchester kuma ya wakilci sassan New Castle, Somers da Yorktown . Ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar daga 2014 zuwa 2017.  

## Tarihin siyasa da kuma tarihin rayuwa
Shi da matarsa Jayne sun zauna a Somers tun 1989 kuma suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu waɗanda ke zuwa Makarantun Jama'a na Somers. Shi memba ne na Maris of Dimes Walk America, American Red Cross, Asusun Haɗin gwiwa don Ayyukan Tsufa da kuma ɗakunan kasuwanci da dama. Ya sami digirin BA a tarihi daga Jami'ar Pennsylvania a 1981 da kuma digirin JD daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Boston a 1984.  Ya kuma zama CFP a 1986. 

Kaplowitz ya sanya shekarunsa na gogewa a harkokin kasuwanci a matsayin "tauraro mai jagora" ga shawarwarin da yake yankewa a matsayin ɗan majalisar gundumar.  Bayan ya yi aiki a fannin kasuwanci, Kaplowitz ya yanke shawarar tsayawa takara don neman kujera a kwamitin 'yan majalisar gundumar Westchester a shekarar 1997 a gundumar da ta ƙunshi ƙauyukan Chappaqua da Millwood a garin New Castle ; Amawalk, Baldwin Place, Granite Springs, Lincolndale, da Shenorock a garin Somers ; da Crompond, Jefferson Valley, Kichtawan da Yorktown Heights a garin Yorktown . 

A ƙarshe ya sami nasara da ƙuri'u 35 kacal a kan RoseMarie Panio, wacce ita ce shugabar jam'iyyar Republican ta Yorktown.  Matsayinsa na kiyaye damarmaki na ƙarshe na Gundumar don sararin samaniya da kuma batutuwan kiyayewa ya sa ya sami yabo daga ƙungiyoyin kare muhalli a duk faɗin yankin da kuma amincewa da Ƙungiyar Masu Zaɓen Kare Muhalli ta New York a duk kamfen ɗinsa.  Hakanan yana cikin ƙoƙarin majalisa don ci gaba da magance matsalar karkatar da najasa da haɓaka fifiko kuma yana goyon bayan mayar da Cibiyar Makamashi ta Indian Point zuwa cibiyar da ba ta nukiliya ba.  Shi mutum ne mai bayyana kansa a matsayin " mai ra'ayin mazan jiya na kuɗi ."

### Nasarorin da kwamitin kasafin kuɗi ya samu
An naɗa Kaplowitz a matsayin Shugaban Kwamitin Kasafin Kuɗi da Raba Kuɗi a shekara ta 2003. Ya bayyana cewa hakan yana goyon bayan "adalci a haraji" kuma koyaushe yana goyon bayan harajin tallace-tallace akan harajin kadarori, kodayake a watan Mayu na 1998, Kaplowitz yana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan majalisa huɗu da suka kaɗa ƙuri'a kan afuwa ga harajin tallace-tallace kan tufafi waɗanda ba su kai dala $500 ba.  A watan Oktoba na 1998, Kaplowitz ya kaɗa ƙuri'a kan shiga cikin wani dakatarwar gwamnati na ɗan lokaci kan harajin tallace-tallace, yana mai nuna cewa za a buƙaci a ƙara harajin kadarori sosai idan gundumar ta yi akasin haka.  Masu adawa sun yi jayayya cewa ta hanyar rage kashe kuɗi, hukumar za ta iya rama asarar kuɗin harajin tallace-tallace.  Saboda sasanta shari'ar Jihar New York kan masana'antar taba, hukumar ƙasar ta sami damar rage harajin kadarori da kusan kashi 1% a shekarar 1999. 

Yaƙin neman zaɓen Kaplowitz ya bayyana cewa ya yi aiki don ƙirƙirar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Jiha, Gunduma, ƙananan hukumomi da gundumomin makarantu don samun kuɗin shiga na haraji na tallace-tallace a wani yunƙuri na rage nauyin harajin kadarori na gida. Kaplowitz ya shiga cikin neman agaji ga masu gidaje 354 na Arewacin Westchester waɗanda ke biyan harajin magudanar ruwa duk da cewa ba a taɓa haɗa su da magudanar ruwa ba.  A shekarar 1999, abokin hamayyar Kaplowitz ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya goyi bayan shirin dala miliyan 3.5 don shigar da magudanar ruwa a wani yanki a wajen gundumarsa, yayin da shirin yi wa mazauna gundumarsa 354 da ya tara daga harajin magudanar ruwa waɗanda har yanzu ba su da sabis ya gaza warwarewa. 

A shekara ta 2000, Kaplowitz ya sami damar tallafawa shirin kasafin kuɗi na Shugaban Gundumar Andrew Spano wanda ya haɗa da rage haraji na 4.9%, mafi girma a tarihin ƙasar, kodayake ya haɗa da ƙara harajin magudanar ruwa.  Duk da haka, a shekara ta 2001, an kawar da rage harajin bayan Kaplowitz ya zartar da shawarar da Shugaban Gundumar ya gabatar na ƙara harajin tallace-tallace na gundumar da .25%, ƙara harajin kadarori da 4%, da kuma ƙara kashe kuɗi da 7.3%. Shugaban Gundumar Spano ya bayyana cewa "Ba ni da wata alaƙa da abin da ya faru da tattalin arziki, da abin da ya faru a ranar 11 ga Satumba, da abin da ya faru da jihar. Waɗannan abubuwa ne da ban tsammanin kowa zai iya tsammani ba. … Ina tsammanin mun yi abu mai kyau da hankali a cikin wannan kasafin kuɗi."  Kaplowitz ya bi sahun sauran 'yan Democrat a kwamitin gudanarwa wajen ɗaukar matakin gaba na shirin Spano, inda ya ƙara haraji da ƙarin kashi, yayin da ya ƙara ƙarin kuɗaɗen da za a kashe don ci gaba da buɗe Playland Ice Casino, da kuma taimakawa shirye-shiryen lafiyar kwakwalwa, ɗakunan karatu da shirye-shirye ga 'yan Latino, mata da marasa gidaje waɗanda suka wuce abin da Spano ya saka a cikin kasafin kuɗinsa. 

A shekara ta 2002, gundumar ta fuskanci wani shiri na ƙara kashi 31.7% na adadin da gundumar ke tarawa ta hanyar harajin kadarori, mafi girma tun 1968, na biyu mafi girma a tarihin gundumar, kuma na biyu tun lokacin da Kaplowitz ya hau mulki, wanda ya haɗa da ƙaruwar harajin kadarori na gundumar zuwa $4.59 a kowace $1,000 na darajar kadarori a shekara mai zuwa, daga $3.83.  Duk da cewa 'yan majalisa ciki har da Kaplowitz sun yi ƙoƙarin yin kira ga jihar da ta ba da izinin ƙara harajin tallace-tallace da kashi 1% maimakon ƙara harajin kadarori, ƙungiyar ta gaza, kuma Kaplowitz ta kaɗa ƙuri'a don amincewa da ƙarin harajin kadarori na kashi 14.8% wanda ya wuce kafin wa'adin kasafin kuɗi.    

A matsayinsa na shugaban kwamitin kasafin kuɗi, Kaplowitz ya nuna cewa kashe kuɗi ya ƙaru da kashi 3.4% kacal daga 1998 zuwa 2003.  Ya kaɗa ƙuri'a don amincewa da ƙarin kashi 30% na kuɗin wayar salula na wata-wata, wanda ya samar da dala miliyan 1.4 don haɓaka tsarin gaggawa na gida.  An sake zaɓen Kaplowitz, kodayake abokin hamayyarsa ya bayyana a wannan shekarar, Gundumar Westchester tana da mafi girman harajin kadarori a Jihar New York, kuma mafi girman harajin tallace-tallace a wajen Birnin New York da Long Island, tare da matsakaicin kuɗin harajin kadarori ga gidan da mai shi ke zaune a Westchester na dala 6,826 - mafi girma a cikin gundumomi 57 na jihar kuma fiye da ninki biyu na matsakaicin jihar na dala 2,847.  Haka kuma, duk gundumomin makarantu 40 na Westchester sun ƙara harajin kadarori a wannan shekarar, ban da ƙarin kashi 14.9 cikin ɗari na harajin kadarori na gundumar da Kaplowitz ya amince da shi bayan jihar ta ƙi buƙatarsu ta ƙara kashi 1 na harajin tallace-tallace na gundumar da maki 1. 

A ƙarshen shekarar 2003, an yi gargadin cewa wani yunƙuri na ƙara yawan masu fafutukar ƙara harajin tallace-tallace zai gaza, Kaplowitz ya kaɗa ƙuri'a kan kasafin kuɗi na dala biliyan 1.4 wanda ya ƙara harajin kadarori da kashi 8.5% da harajin tallace-tallace da kashi 1%.  Membobin majalisar da suka wakilci Westchester a Albany sun ce sun yi adawa da ƙarin harajin tallace-tallace, wanda ya isa ya karya irin wannan shawara a bara. A ƙarƙashin jagorancin ɗan majalisa Richard Brodsky na Greenburgh, sun ba da shawarar ƙarin haraji da kuɗaɗen shiga don taimakawa wajen daidaita kasafin kuɗin gundumar, gami da ƙara harajin jinginar gida da faɗaɗa isa ga harajin tallace-tallace da ake da shi don rufe abubuwan da ba a biyan haraji a yanzu. 

Daga ƙarshe Majalisar ta amince ta ƙara harajin tallace-tallace da rabin kashi maimakon ƙarin kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari da aka nema a cikin kasafin kuɗin da hukumar 'yan majalisa ta amince da shi, kuma shirin kashe kuɗi na dala biliyan 1.4 da majalisar gundumar ta amince da shi a watan Disamba ya haɗa da ƙarin kashi 8.5 cikin ɗari na harajin gidaje kuma ta yi zaton cewa ƙarin kuɗaɗen shiga za su fito ne daga ƙarin harajin tallace-tallace.  A farkon 2004, Kaplowitz ya kaɗa ƙuri'a don goyon bayan kasafin kuɗin da aka gyara wanda ya ƙara tara harajin gidaje na gundumomi da ƙarin kashi 10 cikin ɗari daga adadin da aka amince da shi a watan Disamba don rage gibin kasafin kuɗi daga raguwar karuwar harajin tallace-tallace, kuma lokacin da matakin ya zartar, Gundumar Westchester ta ƙare da ƙarin kashi 18.82 cikin ɗari na harajin gidaje a lokacin 2004 fiye da yadda ta yi a 2003. 

A martanin da Kaplowitz ya mayar ga shekara ta biyu a jere na karuwar harajin kadarori mai lambobi biyu, ya bayyana cewa a matsayinsa na shugaban kwamitin kasafin kudi "ƙarin kashe kuɗi ya nuna ƙaruwar umarnin jiha kamar ƙarin kuɗaɗen Medicaid da fansho. Don biyan wasu kuɗaɗen da za a kashe, 'yan majalisar gunduma sun ƙirƙiri asusun gaggawa na dala miliyan 11.8. Asusun zai iya taimakawa wajen biyan kuɗin sabis na bas idan Albany ya gaza samun ƙarin taimako, da kuma taimakawa wajen samar da Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Westchester da ke fama da ƙarancin kuɗi da kuma tara kuɗi nan gaba ga ma'aikatan da ke cikin ƙungiyar." Ta hanyar ajiye kuɗi a gefe, 'yan majalisar sun yi fatan sake kwantar da hankalin hukumomin bashi bayan da Moody's ya sanya ƙimar lamuni ta triple-A ta gundumar a cikin bita na 'kuskuren hannu' na kwanaki 90, yana mai ambaton alhakin gundumar na wani ɓangare na bashin cibiyar lafiya. Kaplowitz ya ce jami'an gundumar sun aiwatar da karin harajin kadarori na biyu mai lambobi biyu na kashi 14.8 cikin 100 a shekarar 2003 saboda kunshin karin harajin tallace-tallace da aka yi shawarwari da 'yan majalisar jihar zai samar da dala miliyan 50 a wannan shekarar, wanda ya bar Westchester da gibin dala miliyan 22 da za a cike, wanda ke nuna asusun gaggawa da kuma dala miliyan 10 na rubuta kudaden da cibiyar lafiya ke bin Westchester wanda ba za a biya gundumar ba.  Kaplowitz ya bayyana cewa "Kamfanoni suna da shekaru marasa kyau, kuma abin takaici gwamnatoci suna da shekaru marasa kyau. Da fatan, wannan shine ƙarshen shekaru biyu marasa kyau a jere". 

A shekara ta 2004, Kwamitin Kasafin Kudi bai kara haraji ba a karon farko cikin shekaru hudu, duk da cewa kasafin kudin ya kara kashe kudaden kananan hukumomi da kashi 4%.  A shekara ta 2005, Shugaban Hukumar Spano ta Gundumar ya sanar da wani shiri na kara wa matakan jihar kudi don magance matsalar rashin kudi a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Westchester .  Shawarar ta kunshi sake ba da kudi ga abin da ake kira "takardun inshorar taba" da aka sayar a shekarar 1999 bayan kammala shari'o'in kasa kan masana'antun taba. Sake ba da kudi ga cibiyar lafiya ya ba ta kudi nan take na dala miliyan 27 da kuma yiwuwar samun tallafin kudi nan gaba.  Membobin majalisar dokoki ciki har da Kaplowitz sun dauki nauyin wannan mataki, kodayake ana ganin cewa Spano, Sanata Nick Spano na Jiha, da kuma dan majalisar dokoki Richard Brodsky ne suka fi daukar nauyin ceto, wanda ya hada da karin dala miliyan 75 daga harajin kananan hukumomi, karin kudade da kuma masu biyan haraji na jihohi daga wasu kananan hukumomi.    

Kasafin kudin shekarar 2006 ya kunshi karin harajin kadarori da kashi 4.5%, tare da jimillar kasafin kudin ya karu da kashi 3.9% daga shekarar 2005, wani bangare kuma daga karbar kudi dala miliyan 14.4 na Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Westchester, ga jimillar kasafin kudin gwamnatin gunduma na dala biliyan 1.54. Matsayin ma'aikatan gunduma kuma zai karu a karon farko cikin shekaru takwas da suka gabata, daga ma'aikata 4,560 zuwa 4,655.  'Yan Republican a cikin tsirarun mutane sun ba da shawarar rage kashe kuɗi don guje wa ƙarin haraji, amma Kaplowitz ya kira lissafin Republican "mara dorewa" kuma "ba gaskiya ba ne", yana mai cewa "Yau ita ce ranar yanke shawara ga kasafin kuɗin gundumar na 2006. Bayan tattaunawa, tattaunawa, da kuma, wataƙila, firgici, mambobi 17 na Hukumar 'Yan Majalisa za su taru don yanke shawara kan abin da ya rage a cikin shirin kashe kuɗi na dala biliyan 1.54, abin da zai faru, da kuma adadin ƙarshe ga masu biyan haraji. Ina neman in rage da rage da kuma rage da kuma komawa ga wani tunanin kuɗi ta hanyar biyan kuɗi da saka hannun jari a cikin abin da za mu iya biya da kuma rage abin da za mu iya da kuma ƙirƙirar wani tsarin kuɗi na gaske, mai amfani."  A lokacin da ake kaɗa ƙuri'a don ƙara haraji, Kaplowitz ya kira shi wani shiri wanda "ya dace da damuwar dukkan mazauna Westchester".  Yawancin karin haraji a kasafin kudin ya fito ne daga karbar dala miliyan 14.4 a fannin kulawa da sauran kuɗaɗen da aka kashe a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Westchester wanda Kaplowitz ya kira "wani ɓangare na 'tsarin dogon lokaci don dorewa' ga asibitin", yayin da 'yan Republican na hukumar suka nuna cewa gundumar za ta iya tattara waɗannan kuɗaɗen, suna nuna rarar asibitin na 2006. 

Kasafin kuɗin 2007 daga kwamitin Kaplowitz ya ƙara harajin kadarori da wani kashi 3.5%, a ƙarƙashin kasafin kuɗi na dala biliyan 1.7 da Majalisar Dokokin Gundumar ta amince da shi. Kasafin kuɗin ya haɗa da sabbin ayyukan gundumomi 77, da kuma ƙarin kashi 7.5% na kuɗaɗen ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu waɗanda ke gudanar da shirye-shiryen fasaha da ayyukan ɗan adam ga gundumar a ƙarƙashin kwangila.  A ƙarshen 2007, Bill Ryan, shugaban majalisar dokokin Gundumar, ya sanar da shirye-shiryen wani shirin diyya wanda zai ƙara albashinsa da kashi 90% kuma ya ƙara yawan albashin sauran 'yan majalisarsa.  Ga adawar Ryan da sauran 'yan Democrat a hukumar, Kaplowitz, wanda da farko ya kare ƙarin, daga baya ya yi adawa da cewa, "Ban yi imani an gabatar da ƙara mai ƙarfi don tallafawa ƙarin albashi ba. Bugu da ƙari, ba a ba da sanarwar jama'a ko damar da ta dace don shigar da jama'a a kan lokaci ba. Saboda haka, ƙarin albashi ba shi da inganci a wannan lokacin."   A shekarar 2005, kwamitin ya kaɗa ƙuri'a don ƙara albashin zuwa dala 40,000 na yanzu, kuma membobin kwamitin sun kuma kaɗa ƙuri'a kan jerin kuɗaɗen da za a bai wa shugabannin kwamitoci da sauran mukamai na shugabanci.  Matakin da aka ɗauka a shekarar 2007 ya haɗa da wani ƙarin diyya, kuma ya ƙara duk sauran kuɗaɗen da hukumar ke biya, ciki har da ƙara albashin mataimakin shugaban daga dala 12,000 zuwa dala 15,000.  Kaplowitz bai mayar da wani ƙarin albashi ko kuɗin kashe kuɗi da ya karɓa ba. 

Kasafin kuɗi na dala biliyan 1.77 da Kaplowitz ya amince da shi a shekarar 2008 ya sake ƙara harajin kadarori, a wannan karon da kashi 3.89%, tare da ƙaruwar kashe kuɗi na dala miliyan 4.2, don ayyukan zamantakewa da shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya iri-iri. Kaplowitz ya kiyasta cewa kusan kashi uku cikin huɗu na kashe kuɗi an yi su ne don dawo da shirye-shiryen da Babban Jami'in Yankin Spano ya cire. Sun haɗa da ayyukan kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa ga yara, ƙoƙarin kare korar mutane da kuma ayyukan wayar da kan baƙi."  Kaplowitz ya yi tsokaci bayan ƙuri'ar cewa "Masu biyan haraji na gundumar suna siyan gwamnati mai riƙon amana da muhimman ayyuka akan farashi mai kyau."  Ya lura cewa wannan shine karo na tara cikin shekaru goma da 'yan majalisar suka rage farashin harajin da Hukumar Gudanarwa ta Gundumar ta gabatar, yana mai cewa "Wannan kasafin kuɗi yana nuna cewa muna cimma burin manufofinmu na samar da tabbas kan kasafin kuɗi daga shekara zuwa shekara."  Duk da haka, ƙaruwar harajin kadarori na dindindin ya haifar da wasu ce-ce-ku-ce yanzu da Kamfanin Pepsi Bottling Group, wanda ke cikin garin Somers na Kaplowitz, ya sanar da cewa yana ƙalubalantar kimanta harajinsa a kotu kuma yana tunanin ƙaura daga Westchester.  Tun daga 2000, harajin kadarori a Westchester ya ƙaru da kashi 54%.

### Yaƙin neman zaɓe na Majalisar Dattawan Jihar New York
Kaplowitz sau biyu yana ƙaddamar da kamfen don wakiltar gunduma ta 40 a Majalisar Dattawan Jihar New York, kujerar Hudson Valley wadda a al'ada ta dogara ga 'yan Republican. A wannan ƙoƙarin, ya nemi sake mayar da kansa a matsayin mai ra'ayin mazan jiya na harkokin kuɗi.

#### 2006
A shekara ta 2006, Kaplowitz ya ƙaddamar da takarar neman mukamai mafi girma a Majalisar Dattawan Jihar New York, Gundumar 40, inda ya yi ƙoƙarin kawar da Vinnie Leibell, ɗan Republican mai ci a yanzu. Kaplowitz ya sami kwarin gwiwar tsayawa takarar kujerar ne sakamakon shekarar zaɓe da ta ga yankin ya samu ci gaba a fannin 'yan Democrat. Duk da manyan matsaloli kamar rashin nasarar da aka samu a hannun 'yar majalisar wakilai ta Republican mai ci Sue Kelly, Kaplowitz bai yi nasara ba. Ya sami kashi 45.6% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa.

#### 2010
A watan Afrilun 2010, Kaplowitz ya ƙaddamar da kamfen ɗinsa na neman kujerar Sanatan Jihar New York, Gundumar 40. Sanata mai ci Vincent Leibell ya tsaya takarar Shugaban Gundumar a Gundumar Putnam, wanda hakan ya sa Gundumar 40 ta zama wurin zama a buɗe.

Ɗan majalisar dokoki na jam'iyyar Republican Greg Ball, wanda ya yi wa'adi biyu a majalisar dokoki ta jiha, wanda ke wakiltar gundumar majalisar dokoki ta 99, ya yi adawa da Kaplowitz. Ball ya kayar da mai kula da garin Somers Mary Beth Murphy cikin sauƙi a zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Republican, sannan ya kayar da Kaplowitz a babban zaɓen.

### Tarihin zaɓe

* Gundumar Westchester, New York

## Manazarta