Yanayin Himachal Pradesh

Jihar Himachal Pradesh tana da yanki mai girman kilomita 55,673 (21,495 sq mi) kuma tana iyaka da Jammu da Kashmir da Ladakh a arewa, Punjab a kudu maso yamma, Haryana a kudu, Uttarakhand a kudu maso gabas, ƙaramin iyaka da Uttar Pradesh a kudu (taɓawa Sirmaur a gabas).  Gaba dayan Himachal Pradesh yana cikin yankin Himalaya mai tsaunuka, mai albarkar albarkatun kasa

## Yanayin ƙasa
Yankin Himachal Pradesh ya ƙunshi kogin Indus da Ganges. Daga cikin manyan koguna biyar na kogin Indus, hudu: Chenab, Ravi, Beas da Sutlej suna gudana ta jihar, tare da uku na farko da suka samo asali a jihar. Wasu masu ba da gudummawa na Himalayan na Yamuna, wanda shi kansa mai ba da guddina ga Ganga, suma sun samo asali ne daga jihar.

Kogin Chandra da Bhaga sun tashi a yankin Lahaul, sun haɗu kusa da Keylong kuma sun samar da Chandrabhaga, ko Chenab, wanda ke gudana zuwa arewa maso yamma ta Kwarin Pangi zuwa Jammu da Kashmir. Kogin Ravi ya tashi a Bara Bhangal a Gundumar Kangra sannan ya gudana zuwa yamma ta Kwarin Chamba. Beas yana gudana a kudu daga asalinsa a Beas Kund kusa da Manali ta hanyar Kwarin Kullu, inda ya haɗu da masu goyon baya Parvati, Sainj da Tirthan. Kusa da Aut yana juyawa kuma yana gudana zuwa yamma ta hanyar gorge zuwa Mandi, kuma ya haɗu da Uhl tributary. Yana gudana zuwa gaba ta Kwarin Kangra, inda aka toshe shi don samar da tafkin Maharana Pratap Sagar. Kogin Satluj ya shiga jihar daga Tibet kusa da Shipki La, yana gudana ta yankin Kinnaur inda yankunan Spiti da Baspa suka haɗu da shi. An toshe kogin a Bhakra don samar da tafkin Gobind Sagar . Kogin Pabbar da Giri su ne koguna biyu na Yamuna waɗanda suka samo asali a kudu maso gabashin Himachal, kuma suna gudana ta cikin gundumomin Shimla da Sirmour. Kogin Ghaggar, kogin ruwan sama, shi ma ya samo asali ne daga jihar.

### Gida
Himachal Pradesh tana da birane da garuruwa 49. Ƙananan gari shine Naina Devi kuma mafi girma shine Shimla tare da jimlar yawan jama'ar jihar 6,856,509. Yawan mutanen birane kuma shi ne kawai 7.5% na yawan jama'ar jihar. Yawancin jama'a suna zaune a yankunan karkara.

Himachal sananne ne don flora mai wadata.  Dazuzzuka sun rufe kusan kashi 27.72% (15,433 sq.km) na yankin jihar a shekarar 2019 wanda ya zarce na kasa Ya kunshi dazuzzuka iri-iri.  A mafi ƙasƙancin tudu na jihar, tare da kan iyakoki da maƙwabtan Punjab da Haryana, ana samun dazuzzukan ƙaya daga Arewa maso Yamma.  Dazuzzukan ciyayi na yankin Himalayan sun mamaye ƙananan tsaunukan Himalayan.  Ana samun gandun daji na Yammacin Himalayan a tsayin mita 1,500 zuwa 2,600 (4,900 zuwa 8,500 ft).  A wurare masu tsayi, ana samun gandun daji na subalpine na yammacin Himalayan.  Sama da waɗannan, Yamma da Arewa maso yammacin Himalayan shrub da ciyayi sune kawai ciyayi da ake samu a tsaunuka tsakanin mita 3,000 zuwa 5,000 (9,800 zuwa 16,400 ft).  Bayan mita 5,000 (16,000 ft) ƙanƙara da dusar ƙanƙara na dindindin.

Jihar tana da wuraren shakatawa na kasa guda biyar: Babban Gidan shakatawa na Himalayan (wani wurin tarihi na duniya), Gidan shakatawa na Pin Valley, Gidan shakatawa na Inderkilla, Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Khirganga da Gidan shakampiw na Simbalbara.

## Halayen ƙasa
Tsawon ya kasance daga    zuwa sama da  m (23,000  sama da matakin teku. Yankin ya shimfiɗa daga tsaunuka na Shivalik. Akwai karuwar tsawo daga yamma zuwa gabas da kuma daga kudu (Shiwalik]) zuwa arewa (Himalayas na waje). A 6816 m Reo Purgyil shine mafi girman dutse a jihar Himachal Pradesh .

Rarrabawar jiki guda huɗu daga kudu zuwa arewa sune:

* Himalayas na waje (Shivaliks): Yankin Shivaliks ya ƙunshi ƙananan tuddai (600 m sama da matakin teku). Duwatsun yankin sun hada da ajiyar da ba a haɗa su ba wanda ke haifar da babban lalacewa da lalata daji.&nbsp;
* Ƙananan Himalayas (tsakiyar tsakiya): Ƙananan Himalaya suna da tsawo a hankali zuwa Dhauladhar da Pir Panjal. Hawan ya fi sauri a cikin tsaunukan Shimla, kusan kashi 90 cikin dari na yawan shimla suna ƙasa da 30, a kudancin wanda shine babban tudu na Churdhar (3647 m). Arewacin kogin Sutlej, hauhawar tana da ƙarfi. Kwarin Kangra wani rami ne mai tsawo wanda ke ƙarƙashin kewayon Dhauladhar. Dhauladhar (wanda ke nufin 'White Peak') yana da matsakaicin tsawo na kusan 4,550 m. Yana da saurin tashi na 3,600 m sama da Kwarin Kangra. Mafi girma daga cikin ƙananan Himalayan, Pir Panjal, rassa daga Babban Himalayan kusa da bankin Sutlej. Akwai kankara da yawa kuma hanyoyi da yawa suna fadin Pir Panjal. Rohtang Pass (3,978 m) yana daya daga cikin wadannan.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
* Babban Himalayas (yanki na arewa): Babban Himalayan (mita 5,000 zuwa 6,000) yana gudana tare da iyakar gabas kuma Sutlej ya yanke shi. Wasu daga cikin shahararrun hanyoyin da ke cikin wannan kewayon sune Kangla (5,248 m), Bara Lacha (4,512 m), Parang (5,548 m), Cheni Pass Churah Pangi (4,400m), da Pin Parvati (4,802 m).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
* Zanskar range (Shilla Peak (6,132 m) a cikin Kinnaur, Pangi a Chamba): Zanskar Range, mafi gabashin kewayon, ya raba Kinnaur da Spiti daga Tibet da Pangi Chamba daga Leh Ladakh UT. Yana da tsaunuka har zuwa 6816 m tsawo. Wasu daga cikin sanannun tsaunuka sune Dutsen Gya (6,795 m) da Reo Purgyil (6,816 m); waɗannan suna daga cikin tsaunuka mafi girma a cikin wannan kewayon. Akwai kankara da yawa a kan Zaskar da Babban Himalayan.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;