open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Puhaddin

**Puhaddin** (fl. ), wanda aka sanya shi a matsayin Puhading, ya kasance Muhammadu" id="mwDQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Descendant of Muhammad">zuriya 16th-tsara na annabi Musulunci Muhammad wanda ake zaton mai tuba a kasar Sin tsakanin 1265 da 1274 [1] a lokacin mamayar Mongol na daular Southern Song .

An yaba masa da gina Masallacin Crane a gabashin Grand Canal a gabashin Yangzhou, Jiangsu, inda har yanzu ana kiyaye kabarinsa a cikin kabari na Ming.

## Manazarta
Kamfanin Islamica

**Islamica** kamfani ne na Musulunci wanda aka kafa a Chicago, Illinois wanda ke sayar da tufafi, kayan haɗi da kafofin watsa labarai da ake tallatawa ga matasan Musulmi . An kafa shi a shekarar 1999 ta hannun Mirza Baig, Azher Ahmed da Afeef Abdul-Majeed.

Islamica ta shirya wani dandalin tattaunawa ta intanet wanda ya kasance mai tasiri a cikin al'ummar Musulmin Arewacin Amurka.   Islamica News tana ba da labaran barkwanci masu zurfi game da Musulmai. 

A cewar majiyoyi masu zaman kansu, kamfanin yana ɗaya daga cikin samfuran farko da aka yi niyya ga matasa Musulmai a Arewacin Amurka, suna haɗa tufafi, kayan haɗi, da kafofin watsa labarai don taimaka musu haɗa imaninsu cikin rayuwar yau da kullun a cikin mahalli waɗanda ba Musulmi ba. Abubuwan sun shafi salon zamani masu kyau tare da saƙonni masu ban dariya waɗanda ke ba mutane damar nuna asalinsu ta hanyar da ta dace da masu sauraron Musulmi na zamani. 

A farkon shekarun, shafin yanar gizon al'ummarta, wanda ake kira Islamica, ya wuce kawai siyayya; yana da dandali inda membobi ke tattaunawa game da rayuwar Musulmi da al'adunsu. Jaridar Houston Press ta yi bayani game da yadda waɗanda suka kafa kamar Baig suka gan shi a matsayin wuri mai daɗi ga tsararraki da suka girma da tushen Musulunci da kuma salon pop na Yammacin duniya, kuma ya zama al'umma mai aiki a kan layi a farkon shekarunsa. 

Dandalin Al'ummar Musulunci, har yanzu yana aiki akan layi. Duk da haka, alamu na jama'a sun nuna cewa matakan ayyukan da ake gudanarwa a yanzu suna da iyaka. Akwai 'yan membobi kaɗan da suka yi rijista, kuma ba a ganin tattaunawa ko rubuce-rubuce kwanan nan ba. Wannan yana nuna cewa dandalin yana iya samun matakan ayyuka mafi girma a shekarun baya, amma yanzu yana nuna ƙarancin shiga. 

Islamica News, ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan kafofin watsa labarai na kamfanin, ta bayyana kanta a matsayin shafin barkwanci. Shafin yanar gizon ya bayyana a sarari cewa duk abubuwan da ke ciki da haruffa an ƙirƙira su ne kuma an yi su ne kawai don dalilai na barkwanci. Wannan ya sanya shi a cikin nau'in labaran barkwanci ko na barkwanci, maimakon rahotanni na gaske kamar na yau da kullun. Wannan bambancin ya bambanta Islamica News daga ƙungiyoyin labarai na gargajiya kuma ya gano shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na ayyukan kafofin watsa labarai na kamfanin da ke mai da hankali kan barkwanci. 
## manazarta
Ma Yize

**Ma Yize** (al'ada: 馬依澤, sauƙaƙe: 马依泽, 29 ga Yuli, 921 - 19 ga Yuni, 1005)  ya kasance Musulmi ne mai ilimin taurari na kasar Sin kuma masanin taurari na asalin Larabawa  wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban jami'in cibiyar lura da taurari na Daular Song . A cewar majiyoyin kasar Sin, asalinsa ya kasance a wani yanki a Arewa maso gabashin Yemen, kilomita 60 a kudancin Makka kuma ya kasance daga dangin da suka fito daga wani abokin annabin Musulunci Muhammadu.

## Ayyuka da ayyukansa
A farkon karni na 10, sarkin kasar Sin na daular Song ya karfafa ci gaban nazarin ilimin taurari da kuma fannoni masu alaƙa da shi. A cikin 961, Sarkin sarakuna Taizu (r. 960-976) ya nada Ma Yize (910?-1005) a matsayin babban jami'in da zai kula da cibiyar binciken gwamnati.

Ma Yize ya taimaka wa Wang Chuna wajen tattara muhimman ayyukan taurari da yawa, gami da Yingtianli (Kalandar Sama mai dacewa). Ayyukansa shine samar da lura, da lissafin abubuwan da suka faru a sama, ta amfani da hanyoyin Islama. Wang Chuna ya yi amfani da bincikensa a cikin tarin Yingtianli, wanda aka kammala a cikin 963. An fara karɓar lissafin, wanda ya dogara da tsarin mako na kwanaki 7 mai kama da na kalandar Islama, a cikin wannan takardar, wanda shine mafi mahimmancin abin da ya faru a tarihin kasar Sin na hanyoyin kalandar.

Ma Yize na iya tuntuɓar ayyukan da yawa na ilimin lissafin taurari na Islama zuwa Sinanci, gami da:

* Kitab al-Zij [Al-Battani sive Albatenni Opus astronomicum], 880, na Abu'Abdallah al-Battini [Latin: Albategni ko Albatenius], 858-929
* al-Zij al-sabi [Table na Sabian]
* Kitab Matali' al-Buruj [A kan Hawan Alamun Zodiac]
* Kitab Aqdar al- Ittisalat [A kan Adadin Aikace-aikacen Astrological]

Yana yiwuwa Al-Battani da Al-Hamdani sun rinjayi Ma. Saboda gudummawar da Ma ta bayar wajen tattara 'Yingtianli', an sanya Ma a matsayin mai daraja kuma 'ya'yansa maza daga baya sun gaji matsayinsa tare da Cibiyar Nazarin Imperial.

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Al-Battani, (858?-929) da kuma Ma Yize (910?-1005)
* Daular Song
Adil-Sultan

**Adil-Sultan** (Chagatai da Farisa; ya mutu 1370) ya kasance Khan na Chagatai Khanate daga 1366 zuwa 1370. Wataƙila ɗan Muhammad I ibn Pulad ne.

## Manazarta
Yeheid'erding

Yeheidie'erding (Chinese; ), wanda aka fi sani da **Amir al-Din** (Arabic), masanin gine-ginen musulmi ne wanda ya taimaka wajen tsarawa kuma ya jagoranci gina babban birnin Daular Yuan, Khanbaliq, wanda ke cikin Beijing na yanzu, babban birnin Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin.  A cewar Cary Y. Liu fassarar rubutun Ma-ho-ma-sha Stele, ko dai kakannin Amir al-Din sun fito ne daga Yammacin Yamma, kodayake sun fito ne Daga Arabiya, ko kuma ya fito ne kai tsaye daga Arabiya. 

## Ginin Khanbaliq
Yeheidie'erding ya koyi daga gine-ginen Han. A cikin 1264, a shirye-shiryen kafa Daular Yuan, Kublai Khan ya yanke shawarar sake gina birnin wanda aka sani da Zhongdu (中都, "babban birni", pinyin: Zhōngdū) a matsayin sabon babban birninsa. Liu Bingzhong shi ne mai tsarawa kuma masanin gine-gine na asali kuma an nada shi a matsayin mai kula da gininsa,   yayin da Yeheidie'erding ya tsara kuma ya jagoranci ginin. An fara gina ganuwar birnin a wannan shekarar, yayin da aka gina fadar sarki daga 1274 zuwa gaba. Zane na birnin ya bi Confucianism classic *Zhouli* (周禮, "rites of Zhou"), a cikin cewa an yi la'akari da dokoki na "9 madaidaiciya, 9 madaidaiciya", "gidan sarauta a gaba, kasuwanni a baya", "bautar kakanninmu ta hagu, bautar allahn dama". Ya kasance mai faɗi a sikelin, mai tsauri a cikin tsarawa da aiwatarwa, cikakke a cikin kayan aiki.

Bayan kafa Daular Yuan a cikin 1271, Kublai Khan ya sake sunan birnin daga Zhongdu zuwa Khanbaliq (大都, "babban babban birni", pinyin: Dàdū) a cikin 1272, kuma a hukumance ya zama babban birnin daular Yuan, kodayake ba a kammala wasu gine-gine a cikin birni ba har zuwa 1293. Zai kasance har zuwa 1368 lokacin da Zhu Yuanzhang, wanda ya kafa Daular Ming kuma Sarkin sarakuna na gaba, ya sanya burinsa na mulkin mallaka ya zama sananne ta hanyar aika sojoji zuwa babban birnin Yuan. Sarkin Yuan na karshe ya gudu zuwa arewa zuwa Shangdu kuma Zhu ya ayyana kafa Daular Ming bayan ya rushe fadar Yuan a Khanbaliq zuwa ƙasa,   kuma daular Ming ta sake sunan birnin **Beiping** (北平, pinyin" id="mwSg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Pinyin">pinyin: Běipíng) a wannan shekarar. Bayan da aka naɗa Sarkin sarakuna Yongle, sarki na uku na Ming, an sake sunan birnin zuwa **Beijing** (北京, pinyin: Běijīng) kuma ya zama babban birnin daular Ming.

## Dubi kuma

* Tarihin Beijing

## Manazarta
Muhammad I ibn Pulad

**Muhammad ibn Pulad** ko, **Muhammad Khan** ko, Muhammad khan I (Chagatai da Farisa: محمد ابن پولاد; r. 1342-1343) ya kasance Khan na Chagatai Khanate, Ya kasance jikan tsohon Chagatai khan Könchek, ta hanyar ɗansa Pulad .

Ba a san abubuwa da yawa game da shi ba. A cewar *[[Shajrat ul Atrak]]*, tarihin asalin Turks da Tatars, ya yi ƙoƙari ya dakatar da rushewar siyasa a cikin ulus dinsa. Muhammad a bayyane yake Musulmi ne yana yin hukunci da sunansa.

## Manazarta

* SHAJRAT UL ATRAK, ko GENEALOGICAL TREE na Turks da TATARS; TRANSLATED da ABRIDGED wanda Col. Miles ya fassara.
* Ts. Enkhчимэг - "Mongolyn цагаадайн Saddam" 2006 shi
Abinshan Qamar al-din

**Qamar al-din**  ( Arabic       ) fata ce ta 'ya'yan itacen apricot da ake amfani da ita wajen yin ruwan apricot ko kuma abin sha mai suna nectar da ake sha a lokacin watan Ramadan mai tsarki na Musulmai . An ambaci hakan musamman a cikin girke-girken Levantine na ƙarni na 13.  Ya samo asali ne daga abin da ake kira Syria a yanzu,  kuma an fara samar da shi a Ghouta, inda aka fara noma nau'ikan apricots da suka fi dacewa da qamar al-din. Ana amfani da Qamar al-din a duk faɗin Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka da Somaliya, kodayake har yanzu ana kyautata zaton Qamar al-din na Siriya shine mafi kyau saboda nau'ikan apricots da suka fi dacewa don yin qamar al-din suna girma ne kawai a Siriya da kudu maso yammacin Turkiyya.   

## Asalin Ma'anar
An gabatar da ra'ayoyi da dama game da asalin sunan Qamar al-din. Wata ka'ida ta ce an sanya masa suna ne saboda wanda ya ƙirƙira shi, wani mutumin Siriya mai suna Qamar al-Din. An ce yana da kyau sosai har ya yi kama da wata ( Arabic     ), don haka sunansa. 

Wata ka'ida kuma ta nuna cewa lokacin apricot ya yi daidai da ganin sabon wata wanda ke nuna farkon Ramadan a shekarar da aka ƙirƙiro qamar al-din.  Wata ka'ida makamanciyar haka, wacce ta yaɗu a Masar, ta samo asali ne daga wani Halifa wanda aka san yana yin biki da qamar al-din lokacin da ya ga jinjirin wata a lokacin Ramadan. 

## Tarihi
Rubuce-rubucen da mai bincike na zamanin da Ibn Battuta ya rubuta sun ambaci nau'ikan apricot iri-iri da ake kira *qamar al-din*, waɗanda aka ce ana noma su a cikin Levant da Byzantium, a busar da su, sannan a fitar da su zuwa wasu wurare. 

A cewar masanin tarihi Daniel Newman, an ambaci *Qamar al-Din* a matsayin littafin girki na Larabci na ƙarni na 13 a matsayin sinadari na girki, amma ba a bayar da girke-girke a kai ba.  An samar da girke-girke na fatar 'ya'yan itace a cikin littafin likitanci ta likita *[[Dawud al-Antaki]]* a shekara ta 1599. 

## Hanyar shiri

Domin samar da Qamar al-din, ana tafasa apricots da sukari a wuta sannan a tace su ta hanyar tace itace da aka jika a cikin man zaitun . Sannan a bar apricots su bushe a hasken rana kai tsaye. Da zarar ya bushe gaba ɗaya, sai a naɗe su, a aika su, sannan a sayar da su. Wannan busasshen fatar apricot ya fi kauri, ya fi daidaito, kuma yana da ɗanɗano mai ƙarfi fiye da fatar apricot ta yau da kullun, don haka ya fi dacewa da yin qamar al-din.  Yin abin sha daga wannan fatar apricot yana buƙatar ƙara ruwan fure ko ruwan furen lemu kawai, kodayake ana ƙara guntun apricots (sabo ko busasshe) da kankara sau da yawa. Wani lokaci, ana maye gurbin wasu ruwan fure da ruwan lemu ko ruwan da ba a so. 

## manazarta
Abinshan Khobz tounes

**Khobz tounes** ( Arabic       ), kuma ana kiransa da **khobz el bey** ( Arabic       ), kek ne na Aljeriya da aka yi da garin almond da burodi, wanda aka jika a cikin syrup wanda aka jiƙa da ruwan fure mai launin lemu .  Kek ɗin ya samo asali ne daga zamanin Ottoman na Aljeriya.  Ana yawan cin sa a lokacin Ramadan . 

## Manazarta
Watan Ramadan a cikin Maldives

**Azumin Ramadan a Maldives** yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a addini da al'adu a Maldives, inda al'ummar ƙasar gaba ɗaya Musulmai ne na Sunni . Bikin Ramadan ya ƙunshi yin azumi daga fitowar alfijir zuwa faɗuwar rana, ƙara yawan addu'o'i, sadaka, da kuma tarukan al'umma.

## Al'adun gargajiya da bukukuwa
Wani sanannen al'adar Maldives, Maahefun, yana nuna farkon Ramadan . Iyalai, abokai, da ƙungiyoyi suna taruwa don cin abinci na ƙarshe kafin azumin wata ya fara. Bikin yana ɗauke da kayan ciye-ciye na gargajiya na Maldives da aka ƙera daga kayan abinci na gida kamar kifi, kwakwa, rogo, taro, lemun tsami, barkono, da ayaba. Maahefun yana aiki a matsayin bikin gama gari, yana ƙarfafa haɗin kai da shirye-shiryen ruhaniya don lokacin azumi.  

## Manufofin gwamnati da rayuwar jama'a
Gwamnatin Maldives ta sauya lokutan aiki na hukuma don dacewa da ayyukan ibada na Ramadan. A lokacin Ramadan, ofisoshin gwamnati suna aiki daga ƙarfe 9:00 na safe zuwa 1:30 na rana, wanda ke ba ma'aikata damar yin azumi da kuma shiga ayyukan addini. 

A shekarar 2024, a wani mataki na tarihi, Shugaba Dr. Mohamed Muizzu ya ayyana kwanaki goma na ƙarshe na Ramadan a matsayin ranakun hutu na gwamnati, tun daga ranar 20 ga wata. Wannan shawarar tana da nufin haɓaka ɗabi'un Musulunci da kuma ƙarfafa 'yan ƙasa su ba da fifiko ga bukukuwan addini a wannan lokaci mai tsarki. 

Gwamnati ta fahimci buƙatar ci gaba da ayyuka masu mahimmanci kuma tana ba da alawus na musamman ga ma'aikatan da ake buƙata don yin aiki a cikin kwanaki goma na ƙarshe na Ramadan. Waɗannan alawus ɗin suna rama aikin da ake yi a lokacin hutun gwamnati kuma suna yaba da gudummawar ma'aikata masu mahimmanci. 

## Matakan tattalin arziki da walwalar zamantakewa
Domin rage wa 'yan ƙasa nauyin kuɗi a lokacin Ramadan, gwamnatin Maldives ta aiwatar da wasu matakai na agaji kamar:

Ana ƙoƙarin tabbatar da cewa farashin kayan abinci na yau da kullun ya kasance daidai a duk tsawon watan. 

Ana rarraba muhimman kayan abinci kamar fulawa, shinkafa, da sukari ga jama'a a matsayin kyaututtukan watan Ramadan. 

Ana bayar da rangwame kan kuɗin wutar lantarki da ruwa don rage kuɗaɗen gida a lokacin azumi. 

## Tasirin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa

### Yawon Bude Ido
Ba kamar sauran ƙasashe da yawa da Musulmai suka fi yawa ba, masana'antar yawon buɗe ido ta Maldives tana ci gaba da aiki kamar yadda aka saba a lokacin Ramadan. Duk da cewa wuraren shakatawa suna aiki kamar yadda aka saba, tsibiran yankin suna bin ƙa'idodin Musulunci masu tsauri. Ana sa ran masu yawon buɗe ido su girmama al'adun azumi ta hanyar guje wa cin abinci da shan giya a bainar jama'a a lokacin hasken rana. 

## Manazarta
Watan Ramadan a Ostiraliya

**Ramadan a Ostiraliya** lokaci ne mai tsarki kuma wata na tara a kalandar Musulunci, wanda Musulmai 'yan Australiya ke yi kamar sauran Musulmai a duk duniya. A Ostiraliya, wata al'umma mai al'adu daban-daban da addinai daban-daban a wannan watan mai tsarki tana da azumi, addu'a, tunani, al'adun gargajiya da tarukan al'umma, wanda ke nuna al'adun al'adu daban-daban na kasar.

## Bayani
Ramadan lokaci ne na ci gaban ruhaniya, tarbiyyar kai, da kuma ƙara ibada. Musulmai suna kaurace wa abinci, abin sha, da sauran buƙatu na jiki tun daga fitowar alfijir har zuwa faɗuwar rana, suna mai da hankali kan addu'a, sadaka, da al'umma. A Ostiraliya, kiyaye Ramadan yana nuna bambancin addini a ƙasar da kuma al'adun al'ummomin Musulmi masu ƙarfi.  

## Kwanaki da ganin wata
Ana tantance farkon watan Ramadan ta hanyar ganin sabon wata . Misali, a shekarar 2025, Majalisar Limaman Ƙasa ta Ostiraliya (ANIC) ta sanar da cewa Ramadan ya fara ne a ranar Asabar, 1 ga Maris bayan ganin jinjirin wata a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu. Duk da haka, wasu al'ummomi sun lura da farkon a ranar Lahadi, 2 ga Maris, saboda rahotannin ganin wata daban-daban.    

Hakazalika, Majalisar Fatawa ta Australiya da Babban Mufti na Australiya, Dr. Ibrahim Abu Mohamed, sun tabbatar da ranar farawa bisa ga lissafin ilmin taurari wanda ke nuna ganin wata na tsawon mintuna 12 bayan faɗuwar rana a Sydney da mintuna 16 a Perth . 

## Tsawon lokacin azumi da yanayi
Yanayin ƙasar Ostiraliya yana haifar da lokutan azumi daban-daban a faɗin ƙasar. A lokacin Ramadan, lokutan azumi na iya kasancewa daga kimanin awanni 11 zuwa 13, ya danganta da yanayi da yanki. Yanayin da ke tattare da shi kuma yana shafar ayyukan yau da kullun na masu azumi.  

## Bukukuwan al'adu da abubuwan da suka faru a cikin al'umma
Ana bikin Ramadan a Ostiraliya tare da al'adu da al'adu daban-daban. Wani abin sha'awa shine bikin " Lakemba Nights " a Sydney, wanda ke jan hankalin baƙi sama da miliyan ɗaya kowace shekara. Bikin ya ƙunshi rumfunan abinci, wasannin kwaikwayo na al'adu, da addu'o'in gama gari, wanda ke nuna bambancin al'ummar Musulmi.  

## Manazarta
Lokacin Imsakiah

***Imsakiah*** ( Egyptian Arabic   ) jadawali ne da ya ƙunshi dukkan lokutan sallah, *[[Iftar (Budar Baki)|buda baki]]* *[[Sahur|da]]* kuma sa'o'in azumi a rana, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitowar watan Ramadan a duk ƙasashen duniya.  

## Tarihi
An fara buga ra'ayin *Imsakiah* a Masar a lokacin mulkin Daular Usmaniyya, da kuma lokacin mulkin Muhammad Ali na Masar da kuma shekaru biyu kafin rasuwarsa a watan Ramadan 1262 AH / 1846 AD. An fara buga shi a gidan bugawa da ke Boulaq, Masar, kuma takarda ce mai launin rawaya mai lambobi 27.&nbsp;faɗin santimita 17.5&nbsp;Tsawon cm.
Darakta Pink

Praise Onyeagwalam Listenⓘ wanda aka fi sani da **Daraktan Pink** darektan fina-finai ne na Najeriya,  mai gudanarwa mai kirkirar abubuwa kuma malami.  Ta yi fice bayan ta ba da umarnin bidiyon kiɗa "Running To You" na Chike ft Simi da "Abracadabra". Ita ce babban jami'in Pinkline Films kuma ita ce ta kafa Pinkline Academy, shirin horar da fim.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Onyeagwalam ne a Jihar Legas, Najeriya . Ta kuma shafe mafi yawan yarinta a Legas, inda ta kuma sami karatun sakandare. A cikin 2020, ta sami digiri na farko a fannin tattalin arziƙi daga Jami'ar Legas . 

Ta kuma kammala karatu a Kwalejin Fim ta London . 

## Ayyuka
Onyeagwalam ya fara aiki a kafofin watsa labarai na gani tun yana matashi. Koyaya, ta shiga masana'antar fina-finai da bidiyo a hukumance a cikin shekarar 2020.

Ta tashi zuwa shahararriya bayan ta ba da umarnin bidiyon fim din "Running To You" na Chike wanda ke nuna Simi wanda ya kuma zama bidiyon kiɗa da aka fi kallo a farkon rabin 2021.  A watan Nuwamba 2021, ta samar da wani ɗan gajeren fim mai ban tsoro mai taken "Lady Koikoi" wanda ya dogara ne akan tarihin makarantar sakandare ta Najeriya "Madam Koikoi". Ta yi aiki tare da masu zane-zane a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban ciki har da Wizkid, Lil Kesh, Mercy Chinwo da sauransu.

### Fim ɗin Pinkline da Kwalejin Pinkline
Ta kafa Pinkline Films, kamfanin samar da kayayyaki na Legas wanda ke samar da bidiyon kiɗa, abun ciki mai alama, da gajeren fina-finai.

Onyeagwalam ya kuma kafa Kwalejin Pinkline, shirin horar da fina-finai wanda aka haɓaka don horar da masu ƙirƙirar Afirka masu tasowa, haɓaka ayyukan ƙirƙirar mata da samar da ƙwarewar samarwa, jagoranci, da kuma samun damar masana'antu.

## Hotunan bidiyo

### Fim din

## Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya

## Manazarta
Shirin Mesle Mah

***Mesle Mah*** ( Persian  , transl. Kamar wata ) shiri ne na musamman na buda baki na IRIB TV3, wanda Resalat Bouzari ke jagoranta, wanda ke watsa shirye-shirye kowace rana tare da kyakkyawan tsari, kirki da bege kuma yana mai da hankali kan batutuwa kamar sadaukar da kai da gafara a cikin watan Ramadan daga karfe 19:00 na safe har zuwa kusan Maghrib Adhan .    Wannan shirin ya maye gurbin Mah-e Asal a watan Ramadan na 2020.  Wannan shirin ya ba da labarin rayuwar baƙi da aka gayyata zuwa shirin; Baƙi daga ko'ina cikin ƙasar suna halartar taron kuma suna magana game da abubuwan da suka faru a rayuwarsu. 

Baƙi a shirin galibi su ne waɗanda ke da labari da za su bayar. Wani lamari da ya shafi rayuwarsu kuma ya ɗauki launin da ƙamshin Allah kuma ya kusantar da su ga Allah. 

Gayyatar mutane daban-daban, yin abubuwan zamantakewa da na ruhaniya, da kuma gabatar da kyawawan halayen Ali al-Ridha, tare da yin ɗan gajeren fim na waɗannan kyawawan halaye, wasu ɓangarori ne na wannan shiri na musamman na IRIB TV3 . 

## Manazarta
Masallacin Jameh na Ahar

**Masallacin Jameh na Ahar** masallacin Juma'a ne na 'yan Shi'a, wanda ke Ahar, a lardin Gabashin Azerbaijan, Iran. An gina masallacin a lokacin ko dai zamanin Ilkhanate ko Safavid.  Rubutun da ke kan masallacin ya nuna cewa an kammala ƙarin aiki a shekara ta 1052.

## Manazarta
Khartal

Khartal wata tsohuwar kayan kiɗa ce da aka fi amfani da ita a waƙoƙin ibada da na gargajiya. Sunanta ya samo asali ne daga kalmomin Sanskrit guda biyu: “kara” wato hannu, da “tala” wato tafawa.
Wannan kayan kiɗa da ake yi da itace ana buga shi ta hanyar tafawa, kuma yana daga cikin nau’in Ghana Vadya, wato kayan kiɗa masu faranti ko faifai da ke fitar da sautin kara lokacin da aka buga su tare.
Yana cikin rukunin kayan kiɗa na idiophone, wato kayan kiɗa da ke fitar da sauti da kansu, inda jikinsu shi ne ke rawa da kuma zama mai ƙara sautin (vibrator da resonator a lokaci guda).

Yawanci ana yin sa ne da itace ko ƙarfe, ɗan wasan khartal zai riƙe khartal 'namiji' da 'mace' a kowane hannu. Khartal 'namiji' yawanci ya fi kauri kuma ana riƙe shi da babban yatsa yayin da khartal 'mace' yawanci ya fi siriri kuma galibi yana daidaita shi akan yatsan zobe, wanda ke wakiltar abin da ke cikin wuta. Yana da alaƙa da rana da chakra na tushen. Ƙarfinsa yana da alaƙa da ƙarfi mai dorewa, juriya, da ikon yin juriya.

An yi amfani da katakan katako guda biyu da aka haɗa da kararrawa a kansu a matsayin farkon nau'in khartal. Waɗannan guntun katako ba su da alaƙa ta kowace hanya. Ana iya tafa su tare da sauri mai sauri don yin waƙoƙi masu sauri da rikitarwa. Baya ga kasancewa kayan aiki mai kyau na raka, khartal ɗin ana daraja shi da kasancewa kayan aikin bugun da ake iya ɗauka da sauri.

1. *Kartals (toshe-toshe)* . Ya ƙunshi tubalan katako guda biyu tare da jingles ko crotales (kartals yana nufin crotales). Ana amfani da guda ɗaya a hannun mawaƙin. Ana iya tafa waɗannan guntun a babban gudu don yin bugun mai rikitarwa mai sauri.

2. *Kartals (ƙananan zanen gado)* . Ya ƙunshi guda biyu na itace masu sirara, masu tauri kamar ƙasusuwan bugun dutse (kayan aiki) . Ana amfani da waɗannan a Rajasthan .

3. *Kartals (kuge)* . Karatalas ƙananan kuge ne, wanda aka fi sani da manjeera . Ana amfani da su a cikin waƙoƙin ibada.

A Maharashtra Kartals an fi saninsu da *Chipaḷyā* ( Marathi:  ) Ana amfani da shi sosai a waƙoƙin addini kamar Kirtans da Bhajans .

A Bangladesh da West Bengal, kartals ( Bengali:  ) ana amfani da su sosai a waƙoƙin addini kamar Kirtans da Bhajans .

A Odisha, an fi sanin su da *dāsåkāṭhi* ( Odia : ଦାସକାଠି), wanda kusan kayan kida ne makamancin haka. Ana amfani da shi musamman a cikin salon wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya wanda ya samo sunansa daga kayan kida da kansa, *dāsåkāṭhiā* ( Odia : ଦାସକାଠିଆ). Rāmåtāḷi ( Odia : ରାମତାଳି) wani nau'in daban ne da ke da alaƙa da Ramayana, a cewar wani tatsuniyar gargajiya ta Odia.

Nau'in Biraha na kabilar Bhojpuri yana amfani da nau'in Kartal wanda ya ƙunshi sandunan ƙarfe guda biyu masu kauri, kowannensu tsawonsu ya kai inci tara. Mawakin Biraha Bihari Lal Yadav ne ya ƙirƙiro wannan nau'in Kartal kuma ana amfani da shi ne kawai yayin rera waƙar Biraha. Mawakin yana riƙe da ma'auratan a hannunsa yana buga su don samar da kiɗa yayin da yake waƙa. 

A yaren Telugu, kalmar *Karatāḷa Dhvani* galibi ana amfani da ita ne don sautin da aka samar daga tafa hannuwa. 

## Duba kuma

* Tingsha
* Zill
* Castanets
* Simbali

## Manazarta
Kazi Khaleda Khatun

**Kazi Khaleda Khatun** na ɗaya daga cikin ɗaliban makaranta waɗanda suka shiga cikin Ƙungiyar Harshe ta Bengali  tun suna ƙarami.

## Haihuwar
A ranar 7 ga watan Agustan 1939, an haifi Khaleda Khatun a cikin dangin Kazi na Pirojpur, Barishal, Bangladesh . Mahaifinta shi ne Kazi Majhar Uddin Ahmed kuma mahaifiyarta Hakimunnesa Khatun . Babban ɗan'uwanta shahidai ne na Yakin 'Yanci na Bangladesh.

## Ilimi
Kazi Khaleda Khatun ta kammala karatun ta daga makarantar sakandaren 'yan mata ta gwamnati ta Kamrunnessa a shekara ta 1954. Bayan kammala karatunta na Intermatriculation daga Kwalejin Mata ta Eden a 1956, ta sami digiri na MBBS daga Kwaleji ta Dhaka a shekarar 1968.

## Ayyuka
Ta fara aikinta a matsayin malami na sashen cututtuka a Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Dhaka . Daga baya ta kasance mai kula da wannan sashen. Ta fara aiki a Iraki a karkashin gwamnatin Iraki na tsawon shekaru hudu daga 1978. A shekara ta 1983, ta koma Dhaka kuma ta sake shiga Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Dhaka. Ta kuma yi aiki a Cibiyar Kula da Cututtukan Zuciya ta Kasa a Dhaka .

## Kasancewa cikin Yunkurin Harshe
Khaleda Khatun daliba ce ta aji na 8 a lokacin Harshe, a cikin 1952. Sauran masu gwagwarmayar Motsi na Harshe ne suka motsa ta kuma ta shiga cikin wannan motsi sosai. A watan Fabrairun 1952, ta yi watsi da dokar 144 kamar sauran masu gwagwarmayar harshe kuma ta halarci taron a 'Amtola' na Jami'ar Dhaka. Ta kuma shiga cikin taron da ya karya dokar 144 kuma 'yan sanda sun azabtar da ita. Ta yi rashin lafiya saboda iskar hawaye da 'yan sanda suka yi amfani da ita a wannan gangamin.

## Abin tunawa na farko a makaranta
Kazi Khaleda Khatun tare da sauran masu gwagwarmayar harshe mata sun gina wani abin tunawa da aka sani da "Shaheed Minar" a Gwamnatin Kamrunnesa. Makarantar 'yan mata. Ya kasance kwatankwacin Shaheed Minar, Dhaka . Har ila yau, abin tunawa ne na farko da aka gina akan ƙwaƙwalwar shahidai na harshe a kowane makaranta.

## Manazarta
Ibrahim Khan (marubuci)

**Ibrahim Khan** (often referred as **Principal Ibrahim Khan**;  – 29 March 1978) was a Bangladeshi litterateur. He was awarded Ekushey Padak in 1977 by the Government of Bangladesh.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Khan a Shabaj Nagar a cikin Gundumar Tangail .  Ya wuce jarrabawar shiga daga makarantar sakandare ta Pingna da FA daga Kwalejin Ananda Mohan a 1912 da 1914 bi da bi. Ya sami digiri na farko daga Kwalejin St. Paul's Cathedral Mission a 1916 da kuma digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar Calcutta a matsayin dan takara mai zaman kansa. Ya sami digiri na shari'a a shekarar 1918. 

## Ayyuka
Khan ya fara aikinsa a matsayin shugaban makarantar sakandare ta Karatia, gundumar Tangail a shekarar 1919.

Khan ya shiga cikin ayyukan kamar Khelafat Andolon, Asohojog Andolon da Rayet Mohajon Birodhi Andolon .  An zabe shi a matsayin memba na Majalisar Lardin da Majalisar Dokoki a 1945 da 1953 bi da bi. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1947, wasu masu ilimi na Bangalee ciki har da Khan sun sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya da ke buƙatar a karɓi Bangla a matsayin harshen jihar na Gabashin Bengal. A shekara ta 1962, an zabe shi a matsayin memba na majalisar dokoki ta kasa (MNA). 

Khan shine memba mai kafa kuma shugaban farko na Kwalejin Sadat a Karatia, Tangail . Ya yi aiki a kwalejin har zuwa 1947. 

Dangane da abubuwan da suka faru a rayuwar shugaban Turkiyya Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Khan ya buga wasan kwaikwayo, mai taken *"Kamal Pasha"*, a cikin 1926.

## Manazarta
Sadek Khan

**Sadek Khan** (21 Yuni 1933 - 16 Mayu 2016) ɗan jaridar Bangladesh ne, marubuci kuma mai shirya fina-finai. A shekara ta 2002, Gwamnatin Bangladesh ta ba shi kyautar Ekushey Padak . 

## Tarihi
Khan shi ne ɗan fari na mai shari'a Abdul Jabbar Khan, tsohon kakakin Majalisar Dokokin Pakistan na lokacin kuma tsohon shugaban kungiyar Musulmi ta Gabashin Pakistan . Kakanninsa sun fito ne daga ƙauyen Baherchar-Khudrakathi, Babuganj Upazila, Gundumar Barisal .  'Yan uwansa sun hada da tsohon ministan gwamnati kuma ɗan siyasa Selima Rahman, mawaki Abu Zafar Obaidullah, ɗan jarida kuma ministan gwamnati A.Z.M. Enayetullah Khan, ministan gwamnati Rashed Khan Menon, Architect Sultan M. Khan, Alan Khan, mai ɗaukar hoto a Sydney, da kuma mai wallafa labarai na New Age Shahidullah Khan Badal . 

## Ayyuka
Khan ya kasance mai fafutukar Movement na Harshe a 1952 kuma mai fafutuka na 'yanci na Yakin' Yancin Bangladesh a 1971. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin edita a cikin Daily Sangbad a lokacin 1955-1957. Ya yi aiki a matsayin edita mai ba da gudummawa a cikin Weekly Holiday .  Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Cibiyar Labarai ta Bangladesh .  Ya yi magana game da kafa kotun laifukan yaki a Bangladesh a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2007.

Khan ya yi aiki a masana'antar fina-finai. Ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da fim din *Nadi O Nari* (The River and the Women, 1965).  Mai sukar fina-finai Ahmed Muztaba Zamal, lokacin da *[[Cinemaya]]* ta tambaye shi a cikin 2000 don zaɓar manyan fina-fukkuna goma daga Bangladesh, mai suna *Nadi O Nari*, an yi shi lokacin da ƙasar ke Gabashin Pakistan, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan goma sha biyu. Ya kuma ba da umarnin fim din Urdu na 1965 *Kaise Kahun* .  Khan ya yi aiki a fim din Urdu *Duur Hay Shukh Ki Gaon* wanda A. J. Kardar ya jagoranta da fim din Bengali na 1964 *Raja Elo Shohore* wanda Mohiuddin ya jagorantar.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Khan ya auri Anjuman Chowdhury Khan . Tare suna da ɗa Kishon Khan . 

## Manazarta
Daira Mir Momin

**Daira Mir Momin** (Urdu, wanda kuma ake kira **Daira-i-Mir Momin**), wani makabartar musulmi ce da ke cikin Hyderabad,_India)" id="mwEw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Old City (Hyderabad, India)">Tsohon Birni Hyderabad .  

## Tarihi
An kafa shi a lokacin Qutb Shahi a karni na 16 a kusa da kabarin Mir Mu'min Astarabadi, wanda ya kasance Minista Sultanate na Golconda kuma mai tsara Hyderabad .  An ce ya ba da umarnin kawo kaya na raƙumi daga Karbala kuma a yayyafa su a fadin makabarta.

Kabarin yana cikin mummunan yanayi a yau kuma an mamaye shi da gine-gine da yawa ba bisa ka'ida ba.

## Abubuwan da aka sani da binnewa

* Mir Mu'min Astarabadi
* Mir Alam, tsohon Firayim Minista na Hyderabad.
* Salar Jung I, tsohon Firayim Minista na Hyderabad.
* Salar Jung II, tsohon Firayim Minista na Hyderabad.
* Salar Jung III, tsohon Firayim Minista na Hyderabad.
* Yarima Moazzam Jah
* Bade Ghulam Ali Khan, mawaƙi na gargajiya.

### Kabarin Mir Momin
Kabarin Mir Momin, wanda ke tsakiyar, ya ƙunshi rubuce-rubucen Farisa da yawa.

## Manazarta
Zobeda Khanom Chowdhury

**Zobeda Khanom Chowdhury** (Bengali: জোবেদা খানম চৌধুরী; 1901-1986), wanda aka fi sani da **Zobeda Rahim Chowdhury** (Bengali: জোবেডা রহিম চৌধrocী),  tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan mata da suka shiga cikin ƙungiyar yaren Bengali daga Sylhet  kuma mata ce ta farko a siyasar Bangladesh.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Zobeda Khanom a shekara ta 1901, a cikin iyalin Musulmi na Bengali a Jorhat, Assam . Mahaifinta shine Khan Bahadur Sharafat Ali Chowdhury kuma mahaifiyarta Nurjahan Begum . Ita ce ta biyu cikin 'ya'ya goma, hudu daga cikinsu sun fito ne daga auren mahaifinta na biyu. Iyalin sun fito ne daga Shilghat, Golapganj a Sylhet,  amma Chowdhury ya koma Assam don aiki. Ta fara karatunta ne a Dibrugarh, kuma a Assam, inda mahaifinta ke aiki a lokacin. Daga nan sai ta shiga Kwalejin Eden Mohila a Dacca, inda ta zama ɗalibar musulmi ta farko a kwalejin.

A cikin 1928, an gudanar da taron daliban musulmi na Sylhet, wanda masu kama da Qazi Nazrul Islam, AK Fazlul Huq, da Muhammad Shahidullah suka halarta. Ta fara zama shugabar Majalisar Mata ta Gundumar Sylhet sannan daga baya ta bar jam'iyyar kuma ta zama shugabar kungiyar Mata Musulmi ta Gunduma ta Sylhet a shekara ta 1943. 

A cikin 1919, mahaifinta ya shirya ta auri Dewan Abdur Rahim Chowdhury, wanda ya kasance memba na Majalisar Dokokin Assam . Suna da 'ya'ya maza biyar da mata huɗu.

## Yunkurin siyasa
Ita ce shugabar kungiyar mata ta Sylhet .

Da suke neman a mayar da harshen Bengali ya zama harshen gwamnati, matan gundumar Sylhet sun haɗu da Ministan Sadarwa a farkon motsin harshe a shekarar 1948, daga baya suka miƙa takardar ga Firayim Ministan Gabashin Bengal na wancan lokacin. A nan ta taka rawa sosai. Bayan aika wannan takardar, sun fuskanci matsin lamba ta hanyoyi daban-daban. A wancan lokacin, jaridar Eastern Herald, wata jarida mai goyon bayan Urdu a Sylhet, a cikin editan ta, ta yi maganganu marasa daɗi game da shugaba Zobeda Khanom da takardar. Syeda Najibunnesa Khatun, wata babbar mai fafutukar harshe, ta yi zanga-zanga kan wannan sanarwar rashin kunya. Ta ce a cikin wata takardar zanga-zanga da aka buga a fitowar Nau-Belal ta ranar 12 ga Maris: "Waɗanda duk da kasancewarsu masu magana da harshen Bengali na Gabashin Pakistan suna adawa da harshensu na asali, yara ne masu cin amana... Ta wace hanya ce Musulmai marasa jin harshen Urdu na Sylhet suka fi ƙanƙanta wajen bin ƙa'idodin Musulunci fiye da waɗanda suka ƙware a Urdu ? Akasin haka, mutanen da suka san sun bayyana ra'ayin cewa al'ada da gado sun cancanci matsayi mai girma a tsakanin Musulmai na Sylhet a duk Gabashin Pakistan." 

## Manazarta
Kisan kiyashi a Jintra

Kisan Jinjira (Bengali: জিন্জিরা গণহত্যা, romanized: Jiñjirā gaṇahatyā) wani shiri ne da sojojin Pakistan suka yi na kashe fararen hula a lokacin yakin ‘yantar da Bangladesh na 1971. 

Kisan ya faru ne a kungiyoyin kwadago na Jintra, Kalindi da Shubhadya na Keraniganj Upazila a fadin Kogin Buriganga daga Dhaka . 

## Tarihi
Rikicin Bangladesh na 1971 ya fara ne yayin da sojojin Pakistan suka kaddamar da Operation Searchlight a ranar 25 ga Maris 1971 don murkushe tashin hankali na Bengali a Gabashin Pakistan a lokacin. A matsayin martani, mutane daga Dhaka sun taru zuwa Keraniganj a wancan gefen kogi. Ƙungiyar Jitane da yankunan da ke kusa da ita sun kasance mazaunan adadi mai yawa na iyalai na Hindu. Sojojin Pakistan, yanzu suna kula da birnin Dhaka bayan murkushewar 25 ga Maris sun sanya Jitane da kewayen yankin a matsayin manufa don aikin soja.

## Kisan kiyashi
Sojojin sun fara tara sojoji a kusa da Keraniganj daga tsakar dare na 2 ga Afrilu. Sun mallaki asibitin Mitford da ke bakin kogi. Da misalin karfe 5 na safe, sun fara harin ta hanyar jefa fitila daga rufin masallacin da ke kusa da asibitin. Sojojin sun shiga Jitane kuma sun bude wuta a kan mutane. kisan kiyashi ya ci gaba da sa'o'i. Wani abin da ya faru ya faru a gefen tafkin kusa da titin Nandail Dak, inda aka kashe mutane 60. An yi wa mata fyade. Sojojin sun kuma ƙone gidaje kuma ba su bar gida ba tare da lalacewa ba. Fiye da mutane dubu sun mutu a wannan kisan kiyashi.

## Rufewa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na Pakistan
A cikin dare na 2 ga Afrilu Talabijin na Pakistan ya watsa labarai game da matakin soja mai karfi game da masu aikata laifuka masu rabuwa da ke neman mafaka a Jintra na Keraniganj a wancan gefen Buriganga .  A ranar 3 ga Afrilu The Morning News ya zo da taken "Ayyukan da aka dauka akan masu laifi a Jitane".

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin kisan kiyashi a Bangladesh

## Manazarta
Halima Khatun

**Halima Khatun** (25 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1933 - 3 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2018)  'yar gwagwarmayar Bangladesh ce, marubuciya kuma masanin kimiyya. Ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar yaren Bengali a 1952 tare da wasu masu fafutuka ciki har da Rawshan Ara Bachchu . Ta kasance mai karɓar lambar yabo ta Bangla Academy Literary Award a 1981 kuma bayan mutuwarta ta sami lambar yabo ta Ekushey Padak a 2019 . 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Khatun a Bagerhat a Indiya ta Burtaniya ta lokacin ga Maulovi Abdur Rahman da Doulatunnesa .  Ta kammala karatunta na biyu a fannin wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi daga Jami'ar Dhaka sannan daga baya a Bengali daga Jami'an Rajshahi .  Ta sami digirinta na PhD a ilimi daga Jami'ar Arewacin Colorado a shekarar 1968. 

## Ayyuka
Khatun ta fara aikin koyarwa a makarantar Khulna Coronation da Kwalejin 'yan mata ta RK .  Daga baya ta shiga Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimi ta Jami'ar Dhaka har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 1997. 

## Kyaututtuka

* Kyautar wallafe-wallafen Kwalejin Bangla (1981) 
* Kwalejin Shishu ta Bangladesh Sahitya Puraskar (1999) 
* Anannya Top Ten Award (2005) 
* Ekushey Padak (2019) 

## Rayuwa ta mutum
'Yar Khatun guda daya, Progga Laboni, sananniyar mai zane-zane ce kuma mai wallafa littafi. Yar uwarta, Suborna Mustafa, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce.

## Manazarta
Khaleque Nawaz Khan

**Khaleque Nawaz Khan** (26 Maris 1926 - 2 Oktoba 1971) ya kasance mai fafutukar harshen Bengali na Pakistan, ɗan siyasa kuma lauya na Ƙungiyar Awami . Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Dokokin Gabashin Bengal . An ba shi tare da Ekushey Padak bayan mutuwarsa a shekara ta 2008 saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga Harshen Harshe. 

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Khan a ranar 26 ga Maris 1926 a Achargaon a Nandail na Mymensingh .  Mahaifinsa Elahi Nawaz Khan mataimakin majistare ne kuma mahaifiyarsa Altafunnesa uwar gida ce. Ya kammala karatun sakandare daga makarantar sakandare ta Nandail Chandipasha a shekarar 1942.  Daga baya, ya kammala karatun tsakiya daga Kwalejin Islama a 1944. Bayan haka, an shigar da shi cikin Jami'ar Dhaka ya kammala karatu daga can a shekarar 1948. Daga baya, ya sami digiri na LLB daga can a shekarar 1952.  A lokacin rayuwarsa ta dalibi an zabe shi a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kungiyar dalibai ta Baker Hostel a shekarar 1944. Shi ne babban sakataren da ya kafa kungiyar Chhatra Muslim League ta Gabashin Pakistan . 

Khan ya shiga cikin Harshen Harshe . Ya kasance memba na Rastrabhasa Sangram Parishad .  Ya shiga cikin zanga-zangar a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun 1948 a matsayin wani ɓangare na hartal kuma an kama shi saboda wannan.

Khan ya kuma shiga cikin Harshen Harshe a watan Fabrairun 1952. An ba da izinin kama shi a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu 1952.  Daga baya, an kama shi. An sake shi a watan Janairun shekara ta 1953. 

An zabi Khan a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Gabashin Bengal a shekara ta 1954. Ya doke Babban Ministan Gabashin Bengal Nurul Amin a zaben.

## Manazarta
2001 Fashewar bam a Bagerhat

Harin bam na Bagerhat na 2001 wani harin bam ne a ranar 23 ga Satumba 2001 a Mollahat, Gundumar Bagerhat, Bangladesh .  Ya faru ne a Kwalejin Khalilur Rahman a lokacin wani taron zaben Awami League karkashin jagorancin memba na majalisar Sheikh Helal Uddin, kuma ya haifar da mutuwar mutane tara.

## Hare-haren
Gwamnatin mai kulawa ta dauki nauyin kuma ta fara yin shiri don babban zaben 2001 a Bangladesh. A shekara ta 2001, wasu abubuwan da suka faru na Awami League sun kai hari da bama-bamai daga wadanda ake zargi da 'yan ta'addan Islama. Sheikh Helal Uddin, dan uwan Firayim Minista Sheikh Hasina, yana magana a wani taron zaben Awami League a filin Kwalejin Khalilur Rahman a Mollahat Upazila, Gundumar Bagerhat. An jefa bama-bamai biyu wanda ya kashe mutane 9 kuma ya ji wa mutane sama da 100 rauni.

## Shari'a
An gabatar da karar bayan harin, wanda aka dakatar da shi a ranar 19 ga Afrilu 2004 a lokacin mulkin Jam'iyyar Nationalist ta Bangladesh .  Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ta sake buɗe shari'ar bayan Awami League ta dawo mulki. Bayan binciken da Sashen Binciken Laifuka ya yi, an tuhumi mutane shida a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta 2011. Wadanda ake tuhuma sune Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami shugaban Bangladesh Mufti Hannan; tsohon shugaban reshen Mollahat na Jam'iyyar Nationalist Party ta Bangladesh, Badsha Mia Shikdar; da Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen 'yan gwagwarmayar Bangladesh Arifuzzaman, Zillur Rahman, Hafez Mohammad Rakib Hasan, da Abu Taleb.

## Manazarta
Safia Khatun (mai fafutukar harshe)

**Safia Khatun** (15 ga watan Janairun 1931 - 11 ga watan Fabrairun 1993) ta kasance mai fafutukar yunkurin yaren Bangladesh, masanin kimiyya, kuma mai shirya. Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tattara mata a lokacin yunkurin yaren Bengali na 1952.  A matsayinta na daliba a Jami'ar Dhaka, ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban kungiyar daliban mata da mataimakiyar shugabar kungiyar daliban Chameli House, inda ta yi aiki don shirya daliban mata don tallafawa motsi. Ta bi ilimi mafi girma a Bangladesh da kasashen waje, daga baya ta shiga Cibiyar Ilimi da Bincike a Jami'ar Dhaka a matsayin farfesa. Ta kasance memba na Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan Jama'a ta Bangladesh kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya da Harkokin Mata tare da matsayin minista a karkashin gwamnatin Shugaba H. M. Ershad . Cibiyoyin ilimi da hanyoyi a Bangladesh an sanya musu suna don girmama ta.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Safia a ranar 15 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1931 a ƙauyen Binnagari na Gundumar Rangpur, Shugabancin Bengal, Indiya ta Burtaniya (a yau ƙauyen Dakshin Battish Hazari, Aditmari Upazila, Gundumar Lalmonirhat, Bangladesh). Mahaifinta, Mir Asgar Ali, sanannen lauya ne wanda ke aiki a Kolkata . 

Safia Khatun ta wuce karatun a 1946 kuma ta kammala IA a 1948 da BA daga Kwalejin Lady Brabourne . A shekara ta 1950, ta shiga cikin shirin farko na MA a Jami'ar Dhaka . Ta sami MA a fannin tattalin arziki daga Jami'ar Dhaka, M.Ed. daga Cibiyar Ilimi da Bincike a 1961, da kuma PhD a cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam daga Jami'ar Arewacin Colorado a 1965. 

## Ayyuka
A shekarar 1966, Safia Khatun ta shiga Cibiyar Ilimi da Bincike a Jami'ar Dhaka a matsayin farfesa. A shekara ta 1977, an nada ta memba na Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan Jama'a ta Bangladesh . A shekara ta 1983, Shugaba Hussain Muhammad Ershad ya nada ta a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a da Harkokin Mata. A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 1984, an ayyana Lalmonirhat a matsayin gundumar daban a ƙarƙashin kulawarta.

## Motsi na harshe
Lokacin da gwamnatin Pakistan ta ayyana Urdu a matsayin harshen jihar kawai a 1952, Safia Khatun ta shiga cikin zanga-zangar. A matsayinta na mataimakiyar shugaban kungiyar daliban mata, ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tattara daliban mata. A gidan Chameli, gidan mata na Jami'ar Dhaka, ta gudanar da tarurruka da ke gargadi dalibai su shiga ƙungiyar Bangla a matsayin harshen jihar.

## Manazarta
Sharifa Khatun

**Sharifa Khatun** malamar kimiyya ce ta Bangladesh .  Ta yi aiki a matsayin darakta na Cibiyar Ilimi da Bincike a Jami'ar Dhaka a lokacin Mayu 1993 zuwa Mayu 1996.  Ta kasance mai fafutukar yunkurin harshe a shekarar 1952. A cikin 2017, Gwamnatin Bangladesh ta ba ta kyautar Ekushey Padak saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga ƙungiyar harshe. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin edita na Banglapedia, encyclopedia na kasa na Bangladesh . 

## Manazarta
Khandakar Abdul Malek Shahidullah

**Khandakar Abdul Malek Shahidullah** (ya mutu a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 2021)  ya kasance mai fafutukar harshe na ƙungiyar yaren Bengali wanda ya faru a tsohuwar Gabashin Pakistan (a halin yanzu Bangladesh) don sanya Bengali ɗaya daga cikin yarukan jihar Pakistan. An zabe shi a majalisar lardin Gabashin Pakistan a shekarar 1970. Ya kuma kasance mai shirya Yakin 'Yanci na Bangladesh . 

## Manazarta
Fashewar bam a masallacin Rajshahi na 2015

Harin bam na masallacin Rajshahi na 2015 wani Harin kashe kansa ne wanda ya faru a ranar 25 ga Disamba 2015 a lokacin Addu'ar Jumma'a a masallacin Ahmadi Muslim a kauyen Mochmoli, a Bagmara Upazila, a Gundumar Rajshahi, Bangladesh . An kashe mutum daya kuma akalla tsakanin mutane uku zuwa goma sun ji rauni a harin. Mutumin da ya mutu shi ne wanda ya kai harin.

Kimanin masu bautar Musulmi Ahmadi 70 sun kasance a cikin masallacin yayin addu'o'in ikilisiya na Jumma'a. Rahotanni na shaidu sun nuna cewa mai fashewa da bam ya fara shiga masallacin kuma ya yi addu'o'insa daban, a ƙarshen bayan zauren addu'a. Bayan haka, ya ci gaba kusa da sauran masu bautar da ke masallacin kuma ya sanya hannunsa a cikin aljihunsa, bayan haka bam din ya fashe. Har yanzu ba a san ainihin abin da ya sa ya aikata ba.

## Hakki
Jihar Islama ta Iraki da Levant ta dauki alhakin harin. Koyaya, mazauna yankin sun bayyana a baya cewa membobin Wahhabi-inspired *Ahl al-Hadith Andolon Bangladesh*, wanda ke gudanar da masallacin makwabta, na iya zama alhakin harin. A gefe guda, 'yan sanda na cikin gida sun zargi Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh (JMB) da karuwar tashin hankali kwanan nan, gami da harin da aka kai masallacin Ahmadiyya.

## Manazarta
2005 Bombing Bangladesh

A ranar 17 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2005, kusan fashewar bam 500 ta faru a wurare 300 a cikin gundumomi 63 daga cikin 64 na Bangladesh. Bamai sun fashe a cikin rabin sa'a, farawa da karfe 11:00 na safe. Kungiyar ta'addanci, Jama'atul Mujahideen Bangladesh (JMB), ta dauki alhakin fashewar bam din. Shaykh Abdur Rahman da Siddique ul-Islam (wanda aka fi sani da Bangla Bhai) ne suka jagoranci kungiyar. Wani rukuni na ta'addanci, mai suna Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami, yana da alaƙa da JMB wajen aiwatar da harin da aka tsara. Bayan bama-bamai, gwamnatin BNP ta Bangladesh ta haramta kungiyoyin biyu.&nbsp;

## Hare-haren
Bamai sun fashe a cikin rabin sa'a, farawa da karfe 11:00 na safe. Sun fashe a kusa da gine-ginen gwamnati. A Dhaka, sun fashe a kusa da Sakatariyar Bangladesh, Kotun Koli, Ofishin Firayim Minista, harabar Jami'ar Dhaka, Otal din Dhaka Sheraton, da Filin jirgin saman Zia. Akalla mutane 115 sun ji rauni lokacin da aka fashe kananan bama-bamai 500 a cikin gundumomi 63 daga cikin 64 na Bangladesh. Fashewar ta kashe mutane biyu (wani yaro a Savar, kusa da Dhaka, da kuma mai jan motoci a Gundumar Chapai Nawabganj) kuma ya ji wa wasu 50 rauni.&nbsp;

## Wadanda aka azabtar

* Direban Rickshaw Rabiul Islam ya ji rauni lokacin da bama-bamai bakwai suka fashe da misalin karfe 11:10 na safe a hanyar Biswa kusa da Kwalejin Shah Neamatullah a Nawabganj. Ya mutu a kan hanyar zuwa Asibitin Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya na Rajshahi . 
* Ɗan makaranta Abdus Salam, wanda ke da shekaru 10, ya ji rauni lokacin da bam ya fashe a waje da gidansa a Savar. Ya mutu a asibiti.

## Jarabawar
Manyan masu aikata fashewar bam din, Bangla Bhai da Shaykh Abdur Rahman, 'yan sanda da Rapid Action Battalion ne suka kama su a farkon watan Maris na shekara ta 2006 a lokacin gwamnatin da BNP ke jagoranta. An same su da laifin shiga cikin fashewar bam din Nuwamba 2005 wanda ya kashe alƙalai biyu, an yanke musu hukuncin kisa, kuma an kashe su ta hanyar ratayewa a ranar 29 ga Maris 2007. 

An yanke wa mutane biyar hukuncin kisa kuma an yanke musu hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 20 a kurkuku saboda rawar da suka taka a harin bam din a Bogra. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2013, an zubar da shari'o'i 200 daga cikin shari'oʼi 273 da aka gabatar dangane da bama-bamai na Bangladesh na 2005. Kotuna daban-daban sun yanke wa mutane 58 hukuncin kisa; an yanke wa 150 hukuncin rai da rai a kurkuku kuma an yanke wa wasu 300 hukuncin shekaru daban-daban a kurkuku.

## Halin da aka yi

* Motiur Rahman Nizami, ministan masana'antu na lokacin, daga Jamaat-e-Islami ya zargi Indiya da fashewar.
* Moudud Ahmed, ministan shari'a na lokacin, daga Jam'iyyar Nationalist ta Bangladesh ta ce "Idan sun yi ƙoƙari na tsawon shekaru 100, ba za su juya Bangladesh zuwa jihar Taliban ba, ".
* Babban malamin addini na lokacin Ubaidul Haq ya yi magana ga dubban masu bautar Masallacin Baitul Mukarram, "Islama ta haramta fashewar bam. Wadannan masu fashewar bama-bamai abokan gaba ne na Islama. Aiki ne ga dukkan Musulmai su tsaya a kan wadanda ke kashe mutane da sunan Islama. "

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin hare-hare a manyan kotuna

## Manazarta
Jamia Masjid, Sopore

**Jamia Masjid Sopore** (Urdu), wanda aka fi sani da Jamia Qadim Masjid, masallaci ne na tarihi na Jumma'a, wanda ke Sopore, a cikin yankin Jammu da Kashmir, Indiya . An gina masallacin a karni na 17 a lokacin mulkin Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb . Ita ce masallaci mafi girma a yankin kuma tana aiki a matsayin cibiyar cibiyar ayyukan addini. Masallacin yana kan bakin Kogin Jhelum, yana ba da kwanciyar hankali da kyau.

## Gine-gine
An gina masallacin a cikin ƙirar siffar T, yana auna kimanin mita 54 (177  tsawo da mita 22 (72  fadi. Tsarin ya ƙunshi abubuwa na gargajiya na Kashmiri da Mughal. Masallacin an gina shi da farko ta amfani da tubali masu ƙonewa, dutse, da itace, tare da laka. 

Cikin ciki ya ƙunshi zauren addu'a guda ɗaya, an raba shi zuwa bayu uku masu tsayi, kowannensu yana gudana daidai da bango na Qibla. Tsakiyar tashar tana da sarari mai tsawo sau biyu, wanda aka haskaka ta hanyar hasken wuta. Masallacin yana da rufin rufi. An yi masa ado da kayan ado guda uku, wanda aka sani da "brangh," wanda ke kan iyakar rufin. An maye gurbin murfin katako na asali na pinjrakari (lattice) da na zamani, murfin taga mai haske.

An yi wa portico ado da katako na katako a cikin arches, yayin da aka gina rufin daga allunan katako. An yi matattarar da masonry na ashlar, yayin da aka gina ginin ta amfani da tubalin da aka ƙone. An rufe ganuwar bene na ƙasa da siminti, yayin da ganuwar hawa na sama an gama da gilashi na laka.

## Muhimmancin tarihi
Masallacin ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihi fiye da aikin addini. A lokacin tashin hankali na Kashmir, musamman tsakanin shekarun 1990 zuwa 2016, Jamia Masjid Sopore ya zama wurin taruwa ga rashin amincewar siyasa game da mulkin Indiya.

Dangane da nassoshin tarihi na gida, an gina Jamia Masjid Sopore a lokacin mulkin Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb a ƙarshen karni na 17. A cikin ƙarni, ya zama sanannen wuri ga ikilisiyoyin addini, kamar addu'o'in Jumma'a, addu'o-tallace na Eid, da kuma lokuta na musamman kamar addu'ar Shab.

Masallacin ya sami canje-canje masu yawa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan don daidaitawa da bukatun zamani, duk da haka yana riƙe da yawancin kyawawan gine-ginen gargajiya.

## Dubi kuma


* Musulunci a Indiya
* Jerin masallatai a Indiya

## Manazarta