Michael Anagnos

**Michael Anagnos** (; 7 ga Nuwamba, 1837 29 ga Yuni, 1906) ya kasance amintacce kuma daga baya darektan na biyu na Makarantar Perkins na Makafi.  Ya kasance marubuci, malami, kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam.  Anagnos sananne ne saboda aikinsa tare da Helen Keller .

## Tarihi
An haifi Michael Anagnos Michael Anagnopoulos a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, 1837, a Papingo, wani karamin ƙauye a yankin tsaunuka na Epirus .  Mahaifinsa Demetrios A. Theodore ne kuma mahaifiyarsa Kallina Panayiotes . Mahaifinsa manomi ne kuma makiyayi kuma ya sanya babban darajar ilimantar da ɗansa.  Gwamnatin Ottoman ba ta katse yankin ba kuma sun biya haraji na musamman ga sultan.  Sojojin Ottoman ba su taɓa zuwa ƙauyen ba.  Anagos ya tafi makarantar sakandare a Ioannina kuma ya halarci Jami'ar Kasa da Kapodistrian ta Athens yana da shekaru goma sha tara.  A cikin shekaru hudu masu zuwa, ya yi karatun Girkanci, Latin, Faransanci, da falsafar.  Anagnos daga nan ya yi karatun shari'a na tsawon shekaru uku tare da niyyar zama masanin kimiyyar siyasa da ɗan jarida.  Lokacin da yake da shekaru 24, ya shiga *Ethnophylax*, jaridar Athens ta yau da kullun.  Daga baya ya zama babban edita.

Anagnos ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen adawa da Sarki Otto da gwamnatinsa. Ya kasance mai aiki a cikin cire Sarki Otto daga sarauta wanda ya gabatar da ɗakunan Freemasonry a matsayin wani ɓangare na cirewa tare da taimakon Giuseppe Garibaldi da ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yansa maza. [1] Sarki George ya gaji Sarki Otto da Anagnos ya bar takarda saboda rashin jituwa game da tawaye na tsibirin Crete a 1866. Girka ta kasance cikin yaki da Daular Ottoman daga 1821, kuma Amurka Philhellene da Dokta Samuel Gridley Howe sun yi tafiya zuwa Girka a cikin shekarun 1860 don ba da taimako da taimako. Dokta Samuel Gridley Howe ya sadu da Anagnos kuma ya hayar da shi a matsayin sakatarensa. Anagnos ya shirya taimako don kokarin yaki kuma yana kula da al'amuran Kwamitin Crete a Athens. Dokta Howe ya koma Amurka kuma ya gayyaci Anagnos zuwa Boston don ci gaba da aikinsa tare da Kwamitin Crete a New England a kusa da 1868. [1]￼

Anagnos ya isa Amurka yana da shekaru 31.  Ya kasance mai koyarwa mai zaman kansa ga iyalin Howe; Howe ya kuma kafa Makarantar Perkins don Makafi.  Anagnos ya fara koyar da Latin da Girkanci ga yara makafi da yawa.  Bayan shekaru da yawa a Amurka kuma tare da taimakon Howe, Anagnos ya fara koyar da Helenanci a kwalejoji daban-daban.  Ya auri 'yar Howe, Julia Romana Howe, a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1870. Gidan dindindin na Anagnos ya zama Boston.

Anagnos ita ce mataimakin Howe.  Lokacin da Howe bai kasance ba Anagnos ya kasance Darakta na Makarantar Perkins don Makafi; ya saba da tsarin koyar da makafi da kurame.  Ya yi nazarin nasarar Laura Bridgman, tsohon dalibi na Makarantar Perkins don Makafi.  Wannan ya ba da gudummawa ga aikinsa tare da Helen Keller, Thomas Stringer, Willie Elizabeth Robin, da sauran ɗaliban makafi da kurame.  Howe ya mutu a watan Janairun 1876; bayan mutuwarsa, Anagnos ya zama darektan na biyu na Makarantar Perkins don Makafi. 

Anagnos ya buga *Ilimin* Makafi a cikin 1882.  A wannan lokacin, ya tsara wani shiri na makarantar sakandare don koyar da yara makafi da kurame.  Matarsa tana da ilimi sosai.  A wannan lokacin ta wallafa littattafai da yawa kuma ta taimaka kuma ta yi wahayi zuwa ga aikin mijinta tare da kurame da makafi da kuma taimakawa wajen tara kuɗi don makarantar sakandare. Koyaya, ba zato ba tsammani ta mutu tana da shekaru 41 a 1886.  Ma'auratan ba su da yara.  A cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa, an gina ginin makarantar sakandare a Jamaica Plain, Boston, kuma an shirya babban kyauta.  Anagnos ya rasa diyya kuma ya yi aiki ba tare da gajiyawa ba don kammala aikin.  Ɗaya daga cikin ɗalibai na farko shine Thomas Stringer .  A wannan lokacin Anagnos ya aika da tsohuwar ɗalibar Perkins Anne Sullivan don koyar da Helen Keller. 

Anagnos ya yi tafiya zuwa Girka da sauran sassan Turai na watanni 15 a kusa da 1889. Yayinda yake Girka ya sadu da Olga, Sarauniyar Girka. Sarauniyar ta koyi labarin Helen Keller kuma ta nemi ta karanta kowane wasika da ta rubuta Anagnos. Sha'awarta ta kasance mai tsanani har ta adana yawancin wasiƙu kuma yarinyar makafi mai shekaru tara tana da daraja sosai a kotun sarauniya. Yawancin jaridu na Amurka sun rarraba labarin game da shahararren Helen Keller a cikin kotun sarauta, wanda ya haifar da gadonta. A kusa da shekaru goma Helen Keller ta rubuta "The Frost King" kuma ta aika shi a matsayin kyautar ranar haihuwar ga Anagnos. Ya buga labarin a cikin The Mentor, mujallar Perkins alumni . An buga labarin a cikin The Goodson Gazette, wata mujallar kan ilimin kurame da ke Virginia. Helen Keller daga baya ta zama mace ta farko da ta sami digiri na farko. Labarin ta ya zama daya daga cikin shahararrun tarihin Amurka.￼

Anagnos akai-akai yana ciyar da lokaci tare da sanannen farfesa na Harvard Evangelinos Apostolides Sophocles .  A shekara ta 1892, Anagnos ya sami digiri na girmamawa na AM daga Jami'ar Harvard .  A kusa da 1900, ya yi tafiya zuwa Paris don halartar Taron Kasa da Kasa na Malamai da Abokai na Makafi .  An tura shi don wakiltar Amurka da Makarantar Perkins.  Ya ba da gudummawar kuɗi mai yawa ga ilimin Girka kuma ya kafa makarantu a Papingo, Girka.  Ya kasance shugaban kasa kuma wanda ya kafa kungiyar National Union of Greeks a Amurka. Ya kuma kafa kungiyar Plato, kungiyar Panhellenic, da kuma kungiyar Alexander the Great.  Ya kasance mataimakin shugaban kungiyar Massachusetts Medical Gymnastic Association .  Anagnos ya taimaka wajen fara Ikklisiyoyin Orthodox na gida a yankin Boston da kuma taimaka wa baƙi na Girka na gida.

A shekara ta 1906, yana da shekaru 69, ya yi tafiya zuwa Athens kuma ya lura da wasannin Olympics.  Ya mutu a ranar 29 ga Yuni, 1906, yayin da yake tafiya a Romania.  An kai jikinsa zuwa Epirus kuma an binne shi a can.  A Boston, mutane 2000 sun taru don hidimar tunawa da shi a Haikali na Tremont .  Shahararrun baƙi sun haɗa da Gwamna Curtis Guild Jr., Magajin garin John F. Fitzgerald, Julia Ward Howe, Bishop na Episcopal na Massachusetts William Lawrence, da Florence Howe Hall.

## Ayyukan wallafe-wallafen

* *Ilimi na Makafi Tarihin Tarihi na Asalinsa, Tashi da Ci gaba 1882*
* *Makarantar jariri da Firamare don Makafi A Kira na Biyu don Tushenta da Kyauta 1884*
* *Ilimi na Makafi a Amurka Ka'idodinsa, Ci gaba da Sakamakon; Adireshin Biyu 1904*

## Bayani

## Bayanan littattafai

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