Tasirin Greenhouse

Sakamakon greenhouse yana faruwa ne lokacin da iskar gas mai kama zafi a cikin yanayin Duniya ta hana duniya rasa zafi zuwa sararin samaniya, yana haɓaka zafin jikinta. Rashin dumama na iya faruwa daga tushen zafi na ciki (kamar yadda yake ga Jupiter) ko ya zo daga tushen waje, kamar tauraron mai masaukin baki. Game da Duniya, Rana tana fitar da gajeren radiation (Hasken rana) wanda ke wucewa ta hanyar iskar gas don dumama farfajiyar Duniya. A mayar da martani, farfajiyar duniya tana fitar da radiation mai tsawo wanda galibi iskar gas mai sanyaya ya sha. Rashin radiation na dogon lokaci yana hana shi isa sararin samaniya, yana rage yawan abin da Duniya za ta iya sanyaya.

Ba tare da tasirin greenhouse ba, matsakaicin zafin jiki na duniya zai zama sanyi kamar -18 ° C (−0.4 ° F). Wannan ba shakka bai kai matsakaicin karni na 20 ba na kimanin 14 ° C (57 ° F). Baya ga iskar gas mai tsabta ta halitta, ƙone burbushin burbushin halittu ya kara yawan carbon dioxide da methane a cikin yanayi.   A sakamakon haka, dumamar duniya ta kusan  ° C (2.2 ° F) ta faru tun lokacin Juyin Juya Halin Masana'antu,  tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na duniya yana ƙaruwa a cikin  ° C (0.32 ° F) kowace shekara goma tun 1981. 

Dukkanin abubuwa da ke da zafin jiki sama da cikakkiyar sifili suna fitar da radiation mai zafi. Tsawon raƙuman ruwa na radiation na zafi da Sun da Duniya ke fitarwa sun bambanta saboda yanayin zafi na sama ya bambanta. Sun yana da zafin jiki na  ° C (9,900 ° F), don haka yana fitar da mafi yawan makamashi a matsayin gajeren radiation a cikin infrared da kuma ganuwar raƙuman ruwa (a matsayin hasken rana). Sabanin haka, farfajiyar Duniya tana da ƙananan zafin jiki, don haka yana fitar da radiation na dogon lokaci a tsakiya da tsayi. Gas shine gas mai sanyaya idan ya shawo kan radiation na dogon lokaci. Yanayin duniya yana shan kashi 23% kawai na radiation na gajeren lokaci, amma yana shan kashi 90% na radiation mai tsawo da aka fitar daga farfajiyar,  don haka yana tara makamashi da dumama farfajilar Duniya.

Joseph Fourier ne ya ba da shawarar kasancewar tasirin *greenhouse* (yayinda ba a ambaci sunansa ba) tun farkon 1824. Claude Pouillet ya kara karfafa gardamar da shaidar a cikin 1827 da 1838. A cikin 1856 Eunice Newton Foote ta nuna cewa tasirin dumama na rana ya fi girma ga iska tare da tururi na ruwa fiye da iska mai bushe, kuma tasirin ya fi girma tare da carbon dioxide. Kalmar greenhouse an fara amfani da ita ga wannan sabon abu ne ta hanyar Nils Gustaf Ekholm a cikin 1901.  

## Ma'anar
An bayyana *tasirin greenhouse* a Duniya kamar haka: "Sakamako na infrared radiative na duk abubuwan da ke shawo kan infrared a cikin yanayi. Greenhouse gas (GHGs), girgije, da wasu aerosols suna shawo kan radiation na duniya da sauran wurare a cikin yanayi". :: 2232 

Sakamakon greenhouse mai inganci ya bayyana gaskiyar cewa ta hanyar kara yawan GHGs a cikin yanayi (saboda aikin ɗan adam), tasirin greenhouse na halitta yana ƙaruwa. : 2232 : 2232 

## Kalmomin
Kalmar *tasirin greenhouse* ta fito ne daga kwatankwacin greenhouses. Dukkanin greenhouses da *tasirin greenhouse* suna aiki ta hanyar riƙe zafi daga hasken rana, amma hanyar da suke riƙe da zafi ta bambanta. Greenhouses suna riƙe da zafi galibi ta hanyar toshe convection (motsi na iska). Sabanin haka, tasirin greenhouse yana riƙe da zafi ta hanyar ƙuntata canja wurin radiative ta iska da rage yawan da ake fitar da radiation mai zafi a sararin samaniya.

## Tarihin binciken da bincike
 
Kasancewar tasirin greenhouse, yayin da ba a ambaci sunansa ba, Joseph Fourier ne ya ba da shawarar tun farkon 1824.  Claude Pouillet ya kara karfafa gardamar da shaidar a cikin 1827 da 1838. A cikin 1856 Eunice Newton Foote ta nuna cewa tasirin dumama na rana ya fi girma ga iska tare da tururi na ruwa fiye da iska mai bushe, kuma tasirin ya fi girma tare da carbon dioxide. Ta kammala cewa "Halin wannan iskar gas zai ba duniya zafin jiki mai girma..."  

Hasashen canjin yanayi yana buƙatar cikakkun bayanai waɗanda aka tattara sama da shekaru masu yawa, da aikace-aikacen ƙira. An yi GEWEX ne don amsa buƙatar lura da kasafin kuɗi na radiation na Duniya da gizagizai. Yawancin fasahohin da suka riga sun kasance sun iyakance ga abubuwan da aka ɗauka daga ƙasa da wuraren da jama'a ke da yawa. Wannan ya yi watsi da yawan yanayin da ke faruwa a kan tekuna da yankunan da ba su da yawan jama'a, tare da mahimman bayanai daga waɗannan yankunan. Tun da tauraron dan adam da ke kewaya duniya ya rufe manyan wurare a cikin ƙananan firam ɗin lokaci, za su iya ƙididdige yanayin yanayi inda ba a saba ɗaukar ma'auni ba. Shirin Binciken Yanayi na Duniya (WCRP) ne ya ƙaddamar da GEWEX don cin gajiyar tauraron dan adam na muhalli kamar TRMM, amma yanzu yana amfani da bayanai daga sabbin tauraron dan adam da kuma tattara kayan aikin ƙasa, kamar BSRN. Ana iya amfani da waɗannan kayan aikin ƙasa don tabbatar da bayanin da aka fassara daga tauraron dan adam. GEWEX yana nazarin canje-canjen yanayi na dogon lokaci da yanki na yanayi tare da manufar tsinkayar mahimman yanayin yanayi na yanayi da sauyin yanayi da ke faruwa a cikin ƴan shekaru.

## Manazarta