Geology na yankin Indiya

**Yankin [[Indiya]]** yanki ne na Asiya a ƙarƙashin Himalayas wanda ke aiki a cikin Tekun Indiya tsakanin Bay of Bengal zuwa gabas da Tekun Larabawa zuwa yamma. Yanzu an raba shi tsakanin Bangladesh, Indiya, da Pakistan. Kodayake ana amfani da kalmomin "ƙananan nahiyar Indiya" da "Kudancin Asiya" sau da yawa don nuna yanki mai faɗi wanda ya haɗa da, ban da haka, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal da Sri Lanka, "ƙananan yanki na Indiya" ya fi zama kalmar geophysical, yayin da "Kudakin Asiya" ya fi dacewa da geopolitical. "Kudancin Asiya" sau da yawa ya haɗa da Afghanistan, wanda ba a la'akari da shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na yankin ba har ma a cikin amfani mai tsawo.

## Sunan
A tarihi, yankin da ke kewaye da kudu maso gabashin Kogin Indus galibi ana kiransa "India" a cikin kafofin tarihi da yawa. Har ma a yau, masana tarihi suna amfani da wannan kalmar don nuna duk yankin **Indiya** yayin tattauna tarihi har zuwa zamanin Birtaniya Raj. A tsawon lokaci, duk da haka, "India" ya samo asali ne don komawa ga wani bangare na siyasa wanda daga ƙarshe ya zama ƙasa-jiha (a yau Jamhuriyar Indiya). 

A cewar Oxford English Dictionary, kalmar subcontinent tana nuna "ƙananan yanki na nahiyar da ke da bambancin yanayin ƙasa, siyasa, ko al'adu" da kuma "babban ƙasa da ya fi karami fiye da nahiyar".   Amfani da shi don nuna yankin Indiya an tabbatar da shi daga farkon karni na ashirin lokacin da yawancin yankin ya kasance wani ɓangare na Daular Burtaniya ko kuma ya haɗa kai da su. Lokaci ne mai dacewa don komawa ga yankin da ya ƙunshi Indiya ta Burtaniya da jihohin sarauta.

Kalmar ta kasance sananne ne a Daular Burtaniya da magabata,  yayin da kalmar *Kudancin Asiya* ta fi amfani da ita a Turai da Arewacin Amurka da kuma a yawancin ƙasashe a Kudancin Asia kanta wani lokacin.  A cewar masana tarihi Sugata Bose da Ayesha Jalal, *Yankin Indiya* ya zama sananne da  "a cikin kwanan nan kuma tsaka-tsaki". Masanin ilimin Indon Ronald B. Inden ya yi jayayya cewa amfani da kalmar *Kudancin Asiya* yana zama mafi yaduwa tunda a bayyane yake ya bambanta yankin daga Gabashin Asiya. Duk da yake Kudancin Asiya, wani lokaci mafi daidaituwa wanda ke nuna iyakokin siyasa na zamani na yankin, yana maye gurbin yankin Indiya, kalmar da ke da alaƙa da al'adun mulkin mallaka na yankin, a matsayin kalmar rufewa, har yanzu ana amfani da ƙarshen a cikin nazarin nau'ikan.

Tun lokacin da aka raba Indiya, 'yan Pakistan (wanda ya zama mai zaman kansa daga Indiya ta Burtaniya a 1947) da Bangladesh (wanda ya sami' yanci daga Pakistan a 1971) sau da yawa suna ganin amfani da *Yankin Indiya* a matsayin mai cin zarafi da tuhuma saboda yawan sanya Indiya a cikin kalmar. Saboda haka ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin waɗannan ƙasashe. [bayanin kula na 7] A halin yanzu, yawancin masu sharhi na Indiya sun fi son amfani da kalmar saboda alaƙar zamantakewa da al'adu na yankin. An kuma kira yankin "ƙasar Asiya",   "ƙasar Kudancin Asiya",    da kuma "India" ko "Babbar Indiya" a cikin ma'anar gargajiya da na zamani. [5] [6] 

Wasan wasan kurket, wanda Burtaniya ta gabatar a yankin, ya shahara sosai a Indiya, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh da Afghanistan. A cikin mahallin wasan kurket, wasu lokuta ana kiran waɗannan ƙasashe kawai a matsayin karamar nahiya misali "tafiyar Australia ta karamar nahiyar". Ana kuma amfani da kalmar a wasu lokuta a cikin wasan kurket misali "yanayin subcontinental".  

## Ilimin ƙasa

Kafin Farantin Indiya ya rabu daga Gondwana kuma ya yi nisa zuwa arewa zuwa Eurasia, wasu ƙasashe biyu, Qiangtang Terrane na Lhasa terrane, sun karu zuwa Eurasia. Yankin Qiantang da Lhasa sun kasance wani ɓangare na jerin ƙananan nahiyoyi Cimmeria, a yau sun zama ɓangarorin Turkiyya, Iran, Pakistan (ciki har da Karakoram ), China, Myanmar, Thailand da Malaysia, waɗanda suka rufe Tekun Paleo-Tethys a sama da su kuma suka buɗe Tekun Neo-Tethy tsakanin su da Gondwana, daga ƙarshe suka haɗu da Eurasia, kuma suka haifar da Orogeny Cimmerian.

Bayan Lhasa terrane ya haɗu da Eurasia, wani yanki mai aiki na nahiya ya buɗe tare da gefen kudu, a ƙasa wanda farantin teku na Neo-Tethys ya fara raguwa.  Ayyukan magmatic tare da wannan gefen sun haifar da baholith na Gangdese a cikin abin da yake a yau Tibet trans-Himalaya.  Wani yanki na ƙaddamarwa ya buɗe zuwa yamma, a cikin rafin teku sama da tsibirin Kohistan-Ladakh.  Wannan tsibiri-wanda aka yi shi da farantin teku guda ɗaya yana ƙarƙashin wani, magma yana tashi yana ƙirƙirar ɓawon nahiya - ya karkata zuwa arewa, ya rufe bakin tekun ya ci karo da Eurasia.Ladakh a yau yana cikin yankin Kashmir da Indiya ke ƙarƙashin ikon Indiya da Kohistan a lardin Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa na Pakistan, duka a yankin Indiya. 

Riashin jituwan ruwan indiya da Eurasia ya rufe Tekun Neo-Tethys.[35]  Yankin suture (a cikin wannan misali, ragowar yankin Neo-Tethys subduction pinched tsakanin ɓangarorin nahiyoyin biyu), wanda ke nuna walƙiyar Indiya zuwa Eurasia, ana kiranta yankin suture Indus-Yarlung.  Yana arewa da Himalayas.  Ruwan ruwa na kogin Indus da Yarlung Tsangpo (daga baya a cikin tafarkinsa, Brahmaputra) yana gudana tare da wannan yanki na suture. Koguna biyu na Eurasian, waɗanda ke ci gaba da karkatar da karatunsu ta hanyar hawan Himalayas, sun bayyana iyakar yammaci da gabas, bi da bi, na tsaunin Himalayan..

## Dubi kuma

* Yankin Larabawa
* Indiya (Herodotus) 
* Filin Iran
* Kungiyar Kudancin Asiya don Haɗin Kai na Yankin (SAARC) 

## Bayani