Otelia Cromwell

Otelia Cromwell (8 ga Afrilu, 1874 - 25 ga Afrilu, 1972) ta kasance fitacciyar malamar kuma Farfesa a fannin Harsunan Turanci da Adabi a Kwalejin Miner Teachers da aka sani yanzu da Jami'ar Gundumar Columbia . Ita ce Ba'amurke Ba'amurke ta farko da ta kammala karatun digiri daga Kwalejin Smith, inda ta sami digiri na BA a fannin Classics a shekarar 1900. Daga baya ta sami digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Columbia a shekarar 1910 da digiri na uku a fannin Turanci a Jami'ar Yale a shekarar 1926, inda ta zama mace 'yar Afirka ta farko da ta sami digiri na uku a can. 

## Rayuwar farko, ilimi da kuma farkon aiki
An haifi Otelia Cromwell a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 1874, a Washington, DC, kuma 'yar Lucy McGuinn da John Wesley Cromwell ce, kuma babbar 'ya'ya shida.  Tana da shekaru 12 lokacin da mahaifiyarta ta rasu, wanda ya bar Otelia ta kula da ƙannenta biyar.  Bayan kammala karatunta a Makarantar Al'ada ta Miner (wanda yanzu aka sani da Jami'ar Gundumar Columbia ), ta koyar a makarantun Washington, DC tsawon shekaru da dama, kafin ta halarci Jami'ar Howard . A shekarar 1898, ta koma Kwalejin Smith, kuma ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1900.  A wancan lokacin, akwai wasu ɗaliban baƙar fata biyu kawai a Kwalejin Smith - Helen Maria Chesnutt da 'yar uwarta Ethel - waɗanda dukansu suka kammala karatunsu shekara guda bayan haka. 

## Sana'a
Cromwell ta ci gaba da koyar da makarantun gwamnati na DC na tsawon shekaru kaɗan kafin ta koma karatunta. Ta koyar da Turanci, Jamusanci, da Latin a Makarantar Sakandare ta M Street da Makarantar Horar da Manual ta Armstrong.  Ta sami digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar Columbia da ke birnin New York bayan halartar zaman bazara. An ba ta tallafin karatu na ilimi kuma ta sami digirin digirgir a Turanci daga Jami'ar Yale a 1926.  Rubutun digirinta, *Thomas Heywood, Mai Drama: A Study in Elizabethan Drama of Everyday Life*, an buga shi ta Jami'ar Yale a 1928.

Bayan zamanta a Yale kai tsaye, Cromwell ta zama farfesa a fannin harsunan Ingilishi da adabi a Jami'ar Gundumar Columbia, daga baya ta zama shugabar sashen adabi .  Ta koyar a can har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a 1944.  A duk tsawon aikinta na ilimi, Cromwell ta yi aiki don ciyar da kare hakkin jama'a da daidaiton launin fata da jinsi gaba.  Bayan ta yi ritaya, Cromwell ta fara abin da zai zama babban aikinta na ilimi, *The Life of Lucretia Mott* (Harvard University Press, 1958).  Cromwell ta gyara *Karatu daga Negro Authors,*  wani tsohon littafin tarihin gudummawar adabi na Baƙar fata-Amurkawa.

Cromwell yana da ɗan'uwa, John Wesley Cromwell Jr. Ita ce goggon Adelaide M. Cromwell, masanin ilimin zamantakewa kuma masanin tarihi wanda shi ne malami na farko ɗan Afirka-Amurka a Kwalejin Smith. 

Otelia Cromwell ta rasu a gidan iyayenta a shekarar 1972 tana da shekaru 98. 

## Daraja

* A shekarar 1950, Kwalejin Smith ta ba wa Cromwell digirin girmamawa na digirin digirgir. 
* An sanya wa Cromwell Academy, wata makarantar sakandare mai zaman kanta a Washington, DC, suna don girmama Otelia da ɗan'uwanta John ta hannun wanda ya kafa ta, Ruby Woodson, a shekarar 1972. An kafa ta ne don samar da ilimin shirye-shiryen kwaleji ga ɗaliban da suka cancanta daga kowane fanni na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. Makarantar ta buɗe ƙofofinta a cikin haɗin ilimi na Cocin Peoples Congregational. Makarantar ta rufe ƙofofinta a shekarar 1985.
* A shekarar 1989, Kwalejin Smith ta fara al'adar bikin Ranar Otelia Cromwell a kowace Nuwamba. Za a soke azuzuwan domin tattauna launin fata da bambancin launin fata. 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin sunayen 'yan Afirka-Amurkawa na farko

## Manazarta