open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ralph Molyneux Combe

**Sir Ralph Molyneux Combe** (2 Disamba 1872 &#x2013; 16 Fabrairu 1946) wani barista ne kuma alkali na lokacin mulkin mallaka.

Da ne ga Manjo-Janar JJ Combe, ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Haileybury da Kwalejin Exeter, Oxford, daga inda ya kammala a 1894, kuma an bashi matsayin lauyan Najeriya a 1897. An nada shi Crown Advocate of British East Africa a shekarar 1905 da kuma Attorney-General na Protectorate a 1912. An nada shi Babban Lauyan Najeriya a shekarar 1914 da kuma Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya a shekarar 1918, inda ya yi aiki a wannan mukami har zuwa lokacin da ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1929.

An yi wa Combe matsayin sojin Knight a Sabuwar Shekarar 1920. 

## Bayanai

## Manazarta

* Obituary, *The Times*, 18 Fabrairu 1946
* *Wanene Wane*
Denis Edozie

**Dennis Edozie** GCON (10 Nuwamba 1935 - 18 Agusta 2018) masanin shari'a ne dan Najeriya wanda ya kasance Alkalin Kotun Koli na Najeriya daga 2003 har ya yi ritaya a 2005.     

## Aikin doka
Edozie ya kasance malami maikoyar da harshen Latin da lissafi daga 1956 zuwa 1958, kafin ya shiga gwamnatin Gabashin Najeriya a matsayin jami’in gudanarwa daga 1962 zuwa 1965. Ya yi aiki a matsayin alkalin babbar kotun jihar Anambra daga 1982 zuwa 1990, sannan ya zarce zuwa kotun daukaka kara, inda ya yi shekara goma sha biyu daga 1990 har zuwa lokacin da aka nada shi Kotun Koli a 2003. 

## Manazarta
Fata

**Fata:** wani abuce da ke jikin Dan Adam, ko Dabba, wanda ta lullube naman jikin shi. **Fata** nada karfi sosai ta yadda da wuya wani abu ya fasa cikin sauki. Mutane da dabbobi duk suna dauke da fata a jikin su.

## '''Kariya'''
Fata tana kare mutane da dabbobi daga zafin rana da ruwa da kuma iska. Fata yanada muhimmancin gaske a jikin dan Adam.

## Manazarta
Darnley Alexander

Sir **Darnley Alexander**, QC, SAN, GCFR (28 Janairu 1920 - 10 Fabrairu 1989  ) masanin shari'a ne dan Najeriya kuma tsohon Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya.  

An haifi Alexander a Castries, St Lucia a ranar 28 ga Janairun 1920. Ya halarci Jami'ar London kuma ya sami digiri a fannin shari'a a shekarar 1942. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara na kambi da mai tsara doka a Jamaica kuma a matsayin majistare a Tsibirin "Turks and Caicos". Ya zo Najeriya ne a shekarar 1957 bisa gayyatar firaministan yankin yammacin kasar, Obafemi Awolowo wanda ya roki ofishin ‘yan mulkin mallaka da ke Landan da su taimaka wajen samar da mai tsare doka;  Daga nan sai Alexander ya yi hidima a yankin a wurare daban-daban. Ya kasance Mawallafin Shari'a, Yankin Yamma, Najeriya daga 1957-1969 kuma ya kasance daraktan kararrakin jama'a a 1958. A cikin 1960, an nada shi Babban Lauya kuma Babban Sakatare na Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta yankin kuma a cikin 1963, an nada shi Mashawarcin Sarauniya . A shekarar 1964 aka nada shi alkali a babbar kotun Legas daga baya a shekarar 1969 aka nada shi babban jojin jihar kudu maso gabas a yanzu jihohin Cross River da Akwa Ibom . An nada shi Alkalin Alkalai a shekarar 1975 a matsayin jagoran sauran manyan alkalai. A matsayinsa na alkali, Dennis Osadebay ya nada shi a matsayin kwamishinan bincike kan kungiyar asiri ta Owegbe, ya kuma kasance shugaban bincike kan baraka da aka samu na jarabawa. 

Bayan ya yi ritaya ya zama shugaban hukumar gyara dokoki na Najeriya.

## Manazarta
Stafford Foster-Sutton

Sir **Stafford William Powell Foster-Sutton** an haife shi (24 Disamba 1897 - 6 Nuwamba 1991) ya kasance alkali  dan Burtaniya, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Alkalin Najeriya daga 1955 zuwa 1958.

## Manazarta
Makabartar Thenia

**Makabartar Thenia** tana cikin birnin Thenia (tsohon Menerville), an Gina makabartar wani a wani  gari da ke gabashin Algiers, a cikin kasar Aljeriya ta Afirka. Yana rufe wani yanki na hectare 5, wannan shine babban makabarta a *Thenia.*

## Binne mutane
*Abderrahmane Boushaki (1896-1985)
*Ahmed Rahmoune (1958-1995)
*Ali Touzout (1947-2001)
*Djilali Rahmoune (1961-1995)
*Mohamed Boumerdassi (1936-2010)
*Mohamed Rahmoune (1940-2022)
*Mohamed Seghir Boushaki (1869-1959)
*Omar Arar (1943-1993)
*Salah Bouchatal (1947-2004)

## Wuri
* Gueddara
* Khachna
* Meraldene
* Oued Isser
* Oued Meraldene
* Soumâa
* Thénia
* Tizouighine

## Hanyoyin haɗin waje
* 
* Makabartar Thenia – Find a Grave
* Makabartar Thenia – Billion Graves
* Makabartar Thenia – Google Maps
* Makabartar Thenia – Wikimapia

## Manazarta
Ya'u Gwarmai

Hon. **Ya’u Gwarmai** (an haifeshi ranar 3 ga watan Maris, 1970) a garin Gwarmai da ke cikin karamar hukumar Kunchi, a Jihar Kano. Ya kasance dan siyasa ne mai kishin al'ummar yan kinshi, dama kasa baki daya. An zabe shi a matsayin dan majalisar jiha sau biyu a shekarar dubu biyu da sha biyar 2015 da kuma dubu biyu da shatara 2019

## Karatu
Hon. Gwarmai ya yi karatun firamare dinsa a Danbatra Central a shekara alif dubu daya da dari tara da saba,in da shidda1976, ya kammala kuma a 1982 da takardar shedan kammala firamare. 
A1984 da 1987 ya cigaba da karatu kwoalejin ilimi mai nisa a kano (Continue Education Central, Kano) sannan daga bisani ya koma Jami'ar Bayero da ke Kano, Jihar Kano, daga 2012 zuwa 2014 don cigaba da karatun digiri na biyu (Masters) a fannin kasuwanci wato (MBA).

## Siyasa
Gwarmai ya fara siyasa a matsayin kansila bayan nan ya zama mataimakin sakatare  sannan aka zabe shi a matsayin wakili (delegate) na jamiyyar su a matakin karamar hukuma sanna, ya zama wakili har ila yau a matakin jiha. Hon. Ya'u Gwarmai an zabe shi a matsayin dan majalisar jiha a shekarar 2011 zuwa 2015 da kuma 2015 zuwa 2019.

## Manazarta

* https://www.premiumtimesng.com/tag/garba-yau-gwarmai-apc
Ayo Gabriel Irikefe

Chief **Ayo Gabriel Irikefe**, SAN OFR, CON, GCFR (Maris 3, 1922 - Agusta 1, 1996) alkalin shari'a ne dan Najeriya kuma tsohon Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya. 

## Kuruciya
An haifi Irikefe a watan Maris 1922 ga iyalin Aduwa da Theresa Irikefe. An haife shi a Ikorodu, karamar hukumar jihar Legas a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya . Ya fara karatunsa ne a makarantar CMS da ke Okitipupa, sannan ya tafi makarantar St John’s School Okitpupa, St Mathews Catholic School, Ode-Ondo da St. Gregory’s College, Obalende, Legas inda ya samu takardar shedar kammala sakandare a Yammacin Afruka.  Ya fara karatu a Kwalejin Marine Engineering and Communications a Manchester tsakanin 1945 zuwa 1946 kafin ya yanke shawarar yin karatun shari'a a 1949.

## Aikin Shari'a
An kira shi Baran Ingilishi a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 1952, a shekarar da ya kafa nasa kamfanin lauyoyi. Ya kasance yana aikin shari'a a Warri daga 1952 zuwa 1955. A shekarar 1955 ya kai matsayin mai ba da shawara a yankin yammacin Najeriya inda ya yi aiki a Ibadan sannan ya koma birnin Benin. Ya kasance babban lauya ga kwamitin da ya binciki ayyukan kungiyar asiri ta Owegbe, daga bisani kuma aka nada shi alkali a babbar kotun tsakiyar yammacin Najeriya. A shekarar 1966 ya zama Babban Lauyan Jihar Tsakiyar Yamma, mukamin da ya rike har aka nada shi kujerar Kotun Koli ta Najeriya a matsayin Mai Shari’a.  A shekarar 1985 ya zama memba na Nigerian Body of Benchers, a wannan shekarar ne aka nada shi a matsayin Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya inda ya gaji makamin daga hannun George Sodeinde Sowemimo. 

Irikefe ya yi ritaya a 1985 bayan ya kai shekarun yin ritaya da ka kayyaje na 65.  

A shekarar 1975 aka nada shi shugaban kwamitin kafa jihohi sannan kuma a shekarar 1980 aka nada Irikefe matsayin shugaban kotun sayar da danyen mai domin ya binciki zargin batan kudade a cikin kamfanin man fetur na Najeriya.

## Manazarta
A. I. Katsina-Alu

**Aloysius Iyoorgyer Katsina-Alu** (28 Agusta 1941 - 18 Yuli 2018). Lauyan Najeriya ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya. 

## Kuruciya da Ilimi
An haife shi a Katsina-Alu a ranar 28 ga Agusta, 1941 a jihar Benue, ya fara karatunsa na farko a makarantar firamare ta St Anne ta Tarungwa da kuma St. Patricks Primary School Taraku, kafin ya tafi makarantar sakandare ta Mount St. Michaels Aliede, a jihar Benue. Daga nan ya shiga Kwalejin Horar da Sojoji ta Najeriya, Kaduna, a shekarar 1962, inda ya wuce zuwa Kwalejin Horar da Soja ta Mons, Aldershot, Ingila . Sha'awarsa na  aikin soja ba ta dade ba daga baya ya dawo ƙasar don yin digiri a fannin shari'a a Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello da ke Zariya.

A cikin 1964, ya wuce zuwa Inns of Court School of Law, Gibson da Weldon College of Law, School of Oriental and African Studies, Jami'ar London, don ci gaba da karatunsa na ilimin shari'a.

## Aiki
An kira shi zuwa ƙungiyar lauyoyi a watan Oktoba shekarar 1967 da kuma Baran Najeriya a ranar 28 ga Yuni, 1968. Ya fara aikin lauya a watan Yuli 1968 a matsayin lauya mai zaman kansa a Legas. Sannan ya zama jami'in shari'a a hukumar kula da tashoshin jiragen ruwa ta Najeriya NPA, Legas tsakanin 1969 zuwa 1977. Bayan ya bar NPA, Katsina-Alu ya zama babban lauya kuma kwamishinan shari’a na jihar Binuwai a shekarar 1978, inda ya riƙe har zuwa 1979 inda aka naɗa shi alkalin babbar kotun jihar Binuwai. Daga Babbar Kotun da ke Binuwai, an daga shi zuwa Kotun ɗaukaka ƙara a 1985, inda ya yi aiki har zuwa Nuwamba 1998, lokacin da aka naɗa shi Alkalin Kotun Koli. An rantsar da shi a matsayin alkalan kotun kolin Najeriya a ranar 25 ga watan Nuwamba 1998 kuma bayan ya shafe shekaru 11 a benci ya zama alkalin alkalan Najeriya na 11 a ranar 30 ga Disamba, 2009. Ya yi ritaya daga wannan matsayi mai girma a ranar 26 ga Agusta, 2011 bayan ya cika wajabcin shekarun ritaya na shekaru 70.  

An rantsar da shi a matsayin Alkalin Alkalan Kotun Koli ta Najeriya a ranar Laraba 30 ga watan Disamba 2009 ta hannun magabacinsa a matsayin babban alkalin kotun kolin, Idris Legbo Kutigi. An dai tabka cece-kuce a kan bikin, tun da a duk bukukuwan da aka yi a baya shugaban kasar Najeriya ne ya rantsar da shi. Sai dai kuma shugaba Umaru 'Yar'aduwa bai samu zuwa ba saboda rashin lafiya tun watan Nuwambar 2009, kuma ya kasa mikawa mataimakinsa. 

## Mutuwa
Ya rasu a ranar 18 ga watan Yulin 2018 a wani asibitin kashi da ke Abuja. Ya rasu yana da shekaru 76.

## Manazarta
Donald Kingdon

Sir **Donald Kingdon** (rayuwa daga 24 Nuwamba 1883 - 17 Disamba 1961). Jami'in shari'a ne na Burtaniya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban alkalin kotun kolin Najeriya daga shekarar1929 zuwa 1946.

## Kuruciya

Kingdon, wanda aka haifa a watan Nuwamba 1883, ɗa ne ga Walter Kingdon. Ya yi karatu a Eastbourne College, kuma a St John's College, Cambridge .

## Aiki
Kingdon ya yi aiki da Ma’aikatar Mulki a Gambiya a matsayin Sufeto na Makarantu da Mataimakin Shari’a, sannan ya kasance memba a Majalisar Dokokin kasar. Ya kasance babban lauya na Uganda, kuma an nada shi a shekarar 1918 a matsayin babban mai shari'a na Gold Coast. Ya kasance Knight Bachelor.

An nada Kingdon ne a matsayin shugaban hukumar da za ta binciki tashe-tashen hankulan da aka yi a yankunan Calabar da Owerri a 1929 da 1930 wanda ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwar mutane 55.  Rahoton na hukumar ya nuna cewa rashin isassun horon ‘yan sanda da kuma hana binciken laifukan da ba su dace ba ya taimaka wajen karya dokokin kasar.

### Alkalanci

Ya kasance Alkalin Alkalai mafi dadewa a Najeriya. Ya yi aiki a karkashin gwamnoni hudu na mulkin mallaka: Graeme Thomson, Donald Cameron, Bernard Bourdillon da Arthur Richards. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Babban Lauyan Najeriya, daga 1919 zuwa 1925, kuma ya shirya tare da tsara litattafai masu yawa game da dokokin Afirka ta Yamma. 

## Al'amurra
Donald Kingdon ya auri Kathleen Moody, wacce diya ce ga dan kasuwa Charles Edmund Moody,  kuma ita ce jikar Manjo-Janar Richard Clement Moody (wanda ya kafa British Columbia) da Mary Hawks na daular Hawks.

Kingdon da Kathleen Moody suna da 'ya'ya 3:

* 1. Joan Campbell Kingdon (1915 - 1941). Ta auri Hamish Forsyth wanda ya mutu a cikin Blitz . An kashe Joan, a 1941, ta hanyar fashewar bam, yayin da yake tuka motar asibiti.
* 2. Richard Donald Kingdon (1917 - 1952). Ya auri Leslie Eve Donnell. Ya mutu a lokacin da yake tashi zuwa LeMons, a matsayin matukin jirgi, lokacin da injinansa suka gaza, kuma yayi hatsari a kan hanyoyin Turai, inda ya ba da jaket din rayuwarsa ga fasinja na jirgin.
* 3. Elizabeth Kingdon

## Littattafai

* *The Laws of Ashanti; Containing the Ordinances of Ashanti, and the Orders, Proclamations, Rules, Regulations and Bye-laws made thereunder, in force on the 31st Day of December 1919* (1920)
* *The Laws of the Gambia in force on the 1st Day of January 1955* (1950)
* *The Laws of the Federation of Nigeria and Lagos : in force on the 1st Day of June 1958* (Revised edition, 1959)

## Manazarta
Mahmud Mohammed

**Mahmud Mohammed**, CON, OFR (an haife shi 10 Nuwamba shekara ta alif ɗari tara da arba'in da shida1946A.c). masanin shari'a ne dan Najeriya kuma tsohon Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya.   

## Kuruciya
An haifi Mai shari'a Mohammed a ranar 10 ga watan Nuwamba 1946.,a Jalingo babban birnin jihar Taraba arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. Ya sami digiri na farko a fannin shari'a a Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello a shekarar 1970, kuma aka kira shi zuwa kungiyar lauyoyin Najeriya, a shekarar da ya kammala makarantar koyon aikin lauya ta Najeriya. 

## Aikin shari'a
Ya shiga aikin shari’a a lokacin tsohuwar jihar Arewa maso Gabas a matsayin lauya, kuma a shekarar 1991, ya zama babban alkalin alkalan jihar Taraba, a shekarar ne aka tabbatar da nadinsa a matsayin babban alkalin jihar.  A 2005, an nada shi mai shari'a a Kotun Koli ta Najeriya.  A watan Nuwamba 2014, an nada shi a matsayin Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya ya gaji Aloma Mariam Mukhtar, mace ta farko a Najeriya.  Mai shari'a Mahmud Mohammed shine shugaban majalisar shari'a ta kasa. 

## Kungiyoyi

* Memba, Kungiyar Lauyoyin Najeriya
* Memba, gungiyar Lauyoyin Duniya
* Memba, Kungiyar Benchers ta Najeriya
* Memba, Majalisar Shari'a ta Kasa

## Manazarta
Kalangu

**Kalangu** sana'a ce da aka gada tun iyaye da kakanni musamman a ƙasar Hausa. Kalangu musamman anayinta a lokutan bukukuwa kamar bikin:

* Bikin Aure
* Bikin suna
* Bikin Sallah
* Bikin kama kifi
* Wajen Farauta
* Bikin kamun kifi
* Bikin samun ƴanci
* Bikin zagayowar shekara

## Yadda ake gudanar da kalangu a kasar Hausa
Ana kiran makadin dashi da tawagarsa domin suzo su nishaɗantar da masu kallo, ayi rawa ayi ihu

## Sunayen Kalangu

# Ganga
# Kalangu
# Tama
# Tamma
# Dondo
# Odondo 
# Doodo
# Tamanin 
# Dan Karbi
# Igba
# Lunna
# Donno 
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#

#
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## Tarihin Kalangu
Kalangu yana da dadadden tahiri kuma ya samo asaline Africa ta kudu tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Ya samo asali daga mutanen Bono, Hausa, Yaruba da masarautan Ghana.

## Manazarta
Ƙaranbau

**Ƙaranbau a turanci (varicella)** cuta ce mai saurin yaɗuwa a tsakanin jama'a, kuma ana samun riga-kafin sa ta hanyar allurar ƙwayar cutar varicella-zoster (VZV), cutar tana farawa ne, farkon kamuwa da varicella-zoster varicella-zoster virus na iyalin herpesvirus. Ƙaranbau yana iya haifar da ƙaiƙayi, kurji-kamar bororo. Kurjin yakan fara bayyana akan ƙirji, baya, da fuska, sa'annan kuma ya bazu a kan dukkan jiki, yana haifar da bororo tsakanin 250 zuwa 500.  Karanbau na iya zama mai tsanani, musamman a jarirai, matasa, manya, mata masu juna biyu, da kuma mutanen da ke da jikin da ke da ƙananan ikon yaƙar ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtuka. Matsalolin na iya haɗawa lokaci-lokaci, daga ciki akwai ciwon huhu, kumburin ƙwaƙwalwa, da cututtukan fata na ƙwayoyin cuta. Cutar ta fi tsanani ga manya fiye da yara. 

Ƙaranbau cuta ce wadda ke yaduwa ta Iska, tana yaɗuwa cikin sauƙi ta hanyar mutum zuwa mutum, yawanci ta dalilin tari da atishawar mai cutar. Lokacin da take dauka kafin ta bayyana a jiki shine kwanaki 10-21, bayan haka halayen halayen halayen ya bayyana. 

## Alamun kamuwa da cutar karanbau
Kurji mai ƙaiƙayi da kamuwa da cutar karanbau ke haifarwa yana bayyana kwanaki 10 zuwa 21 bayan kamuwa da cutar kuma yawanci yana ɗaukar kwanaki 5 zuwa 10. Sauran alamomi, waɗanda za su iya bayyana kwana ɗaya zuwa biyu kafin kurji, sun haɗa da: 

* Zazzaɓi
* Rashin ci
* Ciwon kai
* Gajiya ,da jin rashin lafiya, gaba ɗaya (rashin lafiya)

Da zarar kurjin ƙaranbau ya bayyana, yana tafiya da matakai uku: Ƙunƙarar ruwan hoda ko ja (papules), wanda ke fitowa cikin kwanaki da yawa sananan bororo masu cike da ruwa (vesicles), waɗanda ke fitowa nan da kwana ɗaya sannan su karye su zubo bawo da bambaroki, waɗanda ke rufe bororo da suka karye kuma suna ɗaukar ƙarin kwanaki don warkewa

## Wuraren da ƙaranbau ke fara bayyana
kurjin na iya fara bayyana akan ƙirji,baya, da fuska, sa'an nan kuma ya bazu a  dukkanin jiki, gami da cikin baki, fatar ido, ko yankin al'aura. Yawancin lokaci yana ɗaukar kusan mako guda don duk bororo su zama bambaroki. Sauran alamun da za su iya fara bayyana kwana ɗaya zuwa biyu kafin kurjin sun haɗa da: zazzabi.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* 
* Prevention of Varicella: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 1996
* Antiviral therapy of varicella-zoster virus infections, 2007
* Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases: Varicella, US CDC's "Pink Book"
* Chickenpox at MedlinePlus
Jamie Margolin

**Jamie Margolin** (An haife ta a cikin watan Disamba 10, 2001) ƴar gwagwarmayar adalcin yanayi ne na Amurka  kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin babban darektan zartarwa na Zero Hour. Margolin ta bayyana a matsayin ƴar maɗigo kuma tana magana a fili game da abubuwan da ta samu a matsayinta na ƴar LGBT. Ta rubuta wa kafofin watsa labaru daban-daban, irin su CNN da Huffington Post.

## Rayuwar farko
Margolin ta halarci Kwalejin Sunaye Mai Tsarki.

## Ayyukan aiki
A cikin shekarar 2017, tana da shekaru 15, Margolin ta kafa ƙungiyar matasa ta yanayin aikin Zero Hour tare da Nadia Nazar,

Zanagee Artis, da sauran masu fafutukar matasa. Ta yi aiki a matsayin babbar darektan ƙungiyar har zuwa watan Satumbar 2020 lokacin da ta sauka. An maye gurbinta da abokin aikinta kuma mai fafutukar matasa Madelaine Tew. Margolin ta haɗu da Zero Hour a matsayin martani ga martanin da ta gani bayan Hurricane Maria a Puerto Rico  da kuma kwarewar ta a lokacin gobarar daji ta 2017 Washington.

Rubutunta game da canjin yanayi ya bayyana a cikin wallafe-wallafe da yawa ciki har da *HuffPost*, *Teen Ink* da CNN . Ta kasance wani ɓangare na Teen Vogue 's 21 Under 21 aji na 2018. A cikin 2018, an kuma naɗa ta a matsayin ɗayan Mata 25 na Mujallar Mutane.  

Ta sami wani sananne a matsayin mai ƙara a cikin Aji P. v. Shari'ar Washington, ta shigar da ƙarar jihar Washington saboda rashin daukar mataki kan sauyin yanayi a kan yanayin kwanciyar hankali kasancewar ƴancin ɗan adam.

A cikin Satumba 2018, Margolin na cikin ƙungiyar matasa da ta kai ƙarar Gwamna Jay Inslee da Jihar Washington game da hayaki mai gurɓataccen iska a cikin jihar. Alƙalin Kotun Koli na King County ya yi watsi da karar, inda ya ce karar ta kasance ta siyasa da dole ne Gwamna da ‘yan majalisa su sasanta. Tun daga lokacin aka ɗaukaka kara Kotun ɗaukaka kara ta Washington.

A watan Satumba na 2019, an nemi ta ba da shaida a kan wani kwamiti mai suna "Voices Leadering Generation Future on the Global Climate Crisis" tare da Greta Thunberg na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Margolin da aka gano a matsayin Bayahudiya da Latinx. Ta fito ƙarara.
Margolin memba ce ta Jihar Junior ta Amurka.

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa
Margolin ya lashe lambar yabo ta MTV Turai Music Generation Change a cikin 2019.

## Littafi Mai Tsarki

* *Matasa Don Ƙarfi: Muryarku da Yadda ake Amfani da shi* ( Littattafan Hachette, 2020).

## Manazarta
Dodo

**Dodo** (Raphus cucullatus) wani tsuntsu ne da ba ya tashi da ba a taɓa gani ba wanda ya mamaye tsibirin Mauritius, wanda ke gabas da garin Madagascar a cikin Tekun Indiya. Mafi kusancin dangin dodo shine Rodrigues solitaire wanda ya mutu. Su biyun sun kafa dangin Raphinae, wani nau'in tsuntsayen da ba su da tashi da ba su tashi ba wadanda wani bangare ne na iyali wanda ya hada da tattabarai da kurciyoyi. Mafi kusancin dangi na dodo shine tattabarar Nicobar. An taba tunanin akwai wani farin dodo a tsibirin Réunion da ke kusa, amma yanzu an yi imanin cewa wannan zato ruɗi ne kawai bisa ga ruɗewar Réunion ibis da kuma zanen farin dodos.
Chukwudifu Oputa

**Chukwudifu Oputa** GCON (22 Satumba 1916 – 4 ga Mayu 2014) masanin shari’a ne dan Najeriya wanda ya kasance Alkalin Kotun Koli ta Najeriya daga 1984 zuwa 1989. Olusegun Obasanjo ne ya nada shi a shekarar 1999 a matsayin shugaban kwamitin Oputa wanda ya binciki laifukan cin zarafin bil’adama da tsofaffin sojoji suka yi tare da gabatar da bincike akansu a shekara ta 2003.

## Kuruciya da ilimi
An haifi Chukwudifu Oputa a ranar 22 ga Satumba 1916 a Oguta ga Cif Oputa Uzokwu da Madam Nwametu Oputa. Mahaifinsa dan kabilar Igbo ne, kuma ya auri mata 10 kuma ya haifi ‘ya’ya da dama wadanda Chukwudifu ne na karshe a cikinsu.    Ya fara karatun sa a Sacred Heart School, Oguta daga 1930 zuwa 1936 sannan ya wuce Christ the King College da ke Onitsha inda ya yi karatun firamare daga 1937 zuwa 1940 inda ya samu shaidar kammala karatunsa na makarantun Yammacin Afrika wato (WAEC).  Oputa ya ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin Yaba Higher College amma daga baya ya koma Kwalejin Achimota, Ghana a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu inda ya sami digiri a fannin tattalin arziki a 1945. Daga nan ya koma Landan inda ya kammala karatunsa na digiri na farko a fannin tarihi daga Jami’ar Landan sannan ya yi digiri a fannin shari’a a shekarar 1953. An kira shi zuwa kungiyar lauyoyi na Bar-Gary Inn a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba 1953.   

## Aikin shari'a
Oputa ya dawo Najeriya inda ya kafa kotu  mai zaman kansa kuma ya wanzu har tsawon shekaru, yana gudanar da wasu manyan laifuka da suka hada da rikicin sarautar Oguta a 1959 da rikicin Amayenabo a 1960.   An nada shi alkalin babbar kotun Gabashin Najeriya a lokacin a shekarar 1966 sannan aka kara masa girma zuwa babban alkalin jihar Imo a shekarar 1976.   Oputa ya samu mukamin alkalin kotun kolin Najeriya a shekarar 1984 inda ya shafe shekaru 5 kafin ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1989. Alƙalan ƴan ƴan ƴan ƴan ƴan sanda sun yaba da zamansa a kotun koli tare da tsohon Alkalin Alkalai, Mohammed Bello, sun bayyana shi a matsayin "Socrates na Kotun Koli".   Olusegun Obasanjo ne ya tuno da shi a matsayin shugaban hukumar binciken take hakkin bil’adama ta Najeriya da aka fi sani da Oputa panel don binciken ‘yancin dan adam a lokacin mulkin soja daga 1984 zuwa 1999.

## Rayuwarsa
Oputa ya kasance mabiyin Katolika kuma mai daraja Knight Kwamandan St. Gregory mai girma kuma Knight Kwamandan St. Sylvester Paparoma, Knight na St. Mulumba.    Ya buga takardu sama da 40 a cikin laccocinsa, taro da taron karawa juna sani. An kirkiro gidauniyar Oputa ne don girmama shi don inganta gaskiya, gaskiya da mutunta doka. .    Ya rasu ne a ranar 4 ga watan Mayun 2014 saboda rashin lafiya.  

## Manazarta
Ruga

**Ruga** gidana ne da ake samu a cikin dazuzzuka wanda fulani ke zama suyi  rayuwa a ciki. **Ruga** mazauni ne da Fulani kan zauna don rayuwa.

Za'a iya kiran shi da gari amma na fulani sabod yana da kama da gari irin wanda kowa ya sani kuma ake rayuwa a ciki.  Misali munada garuruwa irin na Hausawa kamar kace:

# Zariya
# Kano
# Zamfara
# Jos

Misalin ruga wato gururwan fulani

# Rugar Ardo
# Rugar Baffa
# Rugar Jada
# Rugar Mati

## Manazarta
Ali Bin Abdul Rahman Al-Huzaify

**Ali Bin Abdur Rahman Al Huthaify** (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Mayu shekarar 1947) (Larabci; *علي بن عبد الرحمن الحذيفي*) yana daga cikin Limaman Saudiyya wato Masjid Alharamain kuma mai Khuɗuba a Masallacin Manzon Allah, (S A W) da ke Madina (*Khateeb Al-Masjid an-Nabawi*) tun a shekarar 1402 A.H har zuwa yanzu, kuma tsohon limamin Masallacin Quba. Yanada salon karatun Alqur'ani ahankali da kuma zurfi.

## Aiki da Karatu

A shekarar 1972 ya kammala karatunsa na digirin farko a fannin shari'a a Jami'ar Musulunci ta Imam Muhammad bin Saud. A shekarar 1975 ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin shari'a a Jami'ar Al-Azhar, sannan ya yi digirinsa ta 3 a jami'ar. Ya kasance limami kuma mai yin khuduba (Khateeb) a Masallacin Quba a shekarar 1978. 
A shekarar 1979 ya zama limamin Masallacin Manzon Allah (S A W) da ke a Madina (Al-Masjid al-Nabawi). A shekarar 1981 a cikin watan Ramadan an nada shi don ya jagoranci Sallah Tarawihi a Masallacin Harami, bayan karewar watan Ramadan sai ya koma Babban Masallacin Madina inda ya ci gaba da jagorancin Sallah.

## Duba Kuma
*Masallacin Quba
*Masallacin Harami

## Manazarta
Idriss Alkali

Janar **Idriss Alkali** an haife shi a garin Potiskum, a karamar hukumar Potiskum dake Jihar Yobe a shekarar da Najeriya ta samu 'yan cin kai (wato 1960)

## Karatu
Janar Alkali ya fara karatun sa daga Firamare daga nan ya kara zuwa Sakandire in da bayan ya kammala karatun Sakandiren ya samu gurbin shiga babbar makarantar sojoji na NDA dake Kaduna a shekarar 1980.

Marigayi Janar Idris Alkali yana da matakin karatun shaidar digiri na biyu (Masters degree) wanda yayj a jami'ar tsaro ta kasar Amurka (National Defense University in Washington DC). 

Wato yana da digiri na biyu a bangaren ilmin tsaro wanda yayi a makarantar koyon yaki (National War College) dake Amurka, sannan sai wani digiri na biyu a kan tsaro da dabarun yaki a makarantar College of International Security Affairs.

Yana kuma da shaidar wanda ya kammala karatun digiri a bangaren magance ayyukan ta'addanci a duniya (International Counterterrorism) a NDU, sannan yana da digiri akan ilmin yaki (War Studies) wanda yayi a kasar Pakistan (University of Baluchistan, Quetta, Pakistan), 

sannan yayi Postgraduate Diploma akan mu'amalar kasashen duniya (Diplomatic Studies) daga jami'ar Westminster dake kasar Burtaniya (University of Westminster, London, UK)

## Aiki
Bayan Janar Idris Alkali ya kammala karatu da karban horo a NDA an karramashi da mukamin mataimakin laftanar (Second lieutenant) a shekarar 1983.

Daga nan aka kaishi ya fara aiki a bangaren sojojin da suka kware a yakin sunkuru (Infantry Corps) amma bai jima ba sai aka kaishi bangaren kwararru masu tattara bayanan sirrin tsaro (Intelligence Corps). 

## Ritaya
Janar Idriss Alkali yayi ritaya a matsayin babban mai kula da tsare-tsare (Admin) na rundinar sojin Nigeria.

## Batan Janar Alkali
Tun a ranar 3 ga watan Satumban shekarar 2018 aka fara neman Janar Alkali wanda ke kan hanyarsa ta zuwa Bauchi daga Abuja kuma aka daina samun wayarsa a dai dai lokacin da ya isa yankin kudancin Jos cikin motarsa mai lambar Kwara MUN 670 AA, yayinda aka gano motarsa ranar 29 ga watan Satumba a ranar juma’a.

## Mutuwa
Janar Idris Alkai Ya hadu da ajalinsa a hannun 'yan ta'adda a ranar 3 ga watan Satumba, shekarar 2018 da misalin karfe 12 zuwa karfe 1 na rana, a garin Dura-Du kudancin Jos Jihar Pilato kan hanyarshi na zuwa Bauchi domin ya duba gonarsa kafin ya wuce garinsa Potiskum, sun hallakashi yana da shekaru 58 daidai a duniya watanni 2 bayan yayi ritaya daga aikin soji.

## Manazarta
George Sodeinde Sowemimo

Cif **George Sodeinde Sowemimo**, SAN, CON, CON, GCFR (8 ga watan Nuwambar shekarar  1920 &#x2013; 29 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 1997) wani lauyan Najeriya ne kuma tsohon Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya.   Kafin zama alkalin, kotun koli, ana tunawa da Sowemimo a matsayin alkali a tuhumar da ake masa na cin amanar kasa akan zargin State v Omisade da sauransu. 

## Aikin alƙalanci
An haifi Sowemimo a Zaria a ranar 8 ga watan Nuwambar shekarar 1920, ɗan Sofoluwe da Rebecca Sowemimo. Ya halarci Makarantar Holy Trinity, Kano, sannan ya wuce CMS Grammar School, Legas . Ya yi aiki a takaice da Hukumar. Jiragen kasa ta Najeriya daga shekarar 1941 zuwa shekarar  1944. Ya samu digirin farko a fannin shari’a a Jami’ar Bristol a shekarar 1948 sannan kuma ya yi horo a Middle Temple na tsawon shekara daya kafin ya dawo kasar  Najeriya ya kafa kamfaninsa na lauya.  An nada shi alkalin majistare ne a shekarar 1951 sannan ya zama Babban Majistare a shekarar 1956, sannan ya kai matsayin alkali a babbar kotun Legas a shekarar 1961. A shekarar 1972 aka nada shi alkalin kotun kolin Najeriya. Bayan shafe shekaru da dama yana aiki a sashin shari'a na Najeriya, an nada shi babban jojin Najeriya a shekarar 1983 domin ya gaji marigayi Justice Atanda Fatai, Williams.  Sowemimo ya yi ritaya a cikin shekarar 1985 bayan ya kai shekarun yin ritaya na doka na 65.  Ya yanke hukuncin shari’ar Felony mai karfin cin amanar kasa da aka yi wa Cif Obafemi Awolowo da mukarrabansa su ashirin da shida (26).

## Manazarta
Algernon Willoughby Osborne

**Algernon Willoughby Osborne** (ya rasu a shekara ta alif dubu daya da dari tara da goma sha’biyar 1915) wani jami'in shari'a ne na Burtaniya wanda ya kasance babban mai shari'a na yankin Gold Coast kuma Alkalin Alkalan Kudancin Najeriya daga shekara ta alif dubu daya da dari tara da takwas da shekara ta alif dubu daya da dari tara da goma sha’uku 1908-1913.

Osborne ya kasance babban gundumar farko ta Grand Master na Freemasons na Najeriya. Kafin ya zama Atoni-Janar, ya kasance lauya na *Wassaw da Gold Coast Amalgamated Mines*. 

Osborne ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Oxford, inda ya kammala karatun digirinsa a 1886 kuma ya sami ilimin digiri ta 2 a shekarar 1892, kuma an kira shi mashaya a 1902. Ya shiga aikin mulkin mallaka c.1896 ya zama lauya a cikin Gold Coast. A cikin 1901, an nada shi a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokoki na Gwamna. A 1908, ya koma Legas ya zama sabon Alkalin Alkalan Kudancin Najeriya. Shahararriyar shari'arsa shine Messrs John Holt vs gwamnatin mulkin mallaka. Ya bar aikin mulkin mallaka a shekara ta 1914. Ko da yake a hukumance, an nuna cewa kowane jami’i zai kasance dan luwadi ne sakamakon hadewar yankin Kudancin Najeriya da Arewacin Najeriya ya yi, Osborne bai yi matukar farin ciki ba saboda sai da Edwin Speed wanda ya fi kwarewa a maye gurbinsa da shi a matsayin Alkalin Alkalai. mulkin mallaka. 

Ya mutu a shekarar 1915.

## Manazarta
Ƙaho

**Kaho/Hijama** wata hanya ce da ake neman lafiya daga cututtuka da suka damu Dan adam. Kaho ya samo asali tun iyaye da kakanni kuma anayin shi musamman a kasar Hausa.

## Yadda Ake Kaho
Shi dai kaho ana yinsane a gargajiyance ta hanyar amafani da kahon dabba wanda ka sarrafa, musamman ma kahon kananan dabbobi kamar raguna, awaki da Tumaki. Akan yanka kahon a gogeshi dai-dai yadda zai bada damar kafashi a cikin mutum. Idan za'a yiwa mutum Kaho, wanzami zai dasa kahon a dai dai inda ke da tararren mataccen jini a jikin mutum. A na amfani da aska domin yin tsaga a dai dai wajen kafun a sanya kahon a rufe, sai kuma a sanya baki a saman kahon wanda yakeda dan rami karami, sai wanzami yasa bakinsa akan ramin yayita hurawa yana zuqowa har sai mataccen jinin ya fito duka. A yau, cigaban zamani ya zamanantar da yadda ake kaho sannan an samarda kayan aiki na roba ba tareda anyi amfani da kaho ba, 

## Amfanin Ƙaho ga Ɗan Adam
Kaho ya kasance hanya mafi sauki wajen yaki da cututtuka wadanda ma ba a san suna wanzuwa a jikin dan adam ba. Binciken likitanci na zamani yan tabbatar da cewa yin kaho kariya ce daga kamuwa da hawan jini ko kuma ciwon da suke da alaka tsarin kwayoyin halitta da ciwukan da suke da alaka da Zuciya. Bugu da kari har matsalolin kwakwalwa za a iya magance su ta hanyar yin kaho.

## Asali
Kaho ya samo asali ne tun shekaru dubbai da suka gabata a kasar Sin, inda suke amfani da shi wajen maganin matsalolin jini da ciwon jiki. Ka ga ke nan ba aikin likitancin zamani irin namu ba ne.

## Manazarta
Xiomara Acevedo

**Xiomara Acevedo** ƴar gwagwarmayar sauyin yanayi ne ƴar ƙasar Colombia. A matsayinta na wadda ta kafa kuma Shugaba ta ƙungiya mai zaman kanta Barranquilla +20, ta yi jayayya game da shigar da muryar mata da matasa a cikin adalcin yanayi.

## Sana'a
Acevedo ta kafa Barranquilla +20 a cikin shekarar dubu biyu da goma sha’biyu 2012, kuma har zuwa shekarar dubu biyu da ishirin da biyu 2022, yana aiki a matsayin Shugaba.  

Barranquilla +20 ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta da matasa ke jagoranta ƙungiyar ta mai da hankali kan gwagwarmayar yanayi da muhalli a Barranquilla da kuma cikin Latin Amurka.

Acevedo ya kafa cibiyar sadarwa "El Orinoco se adapta" (Orinoco adapts), wanda ke amfani da tsarin tsarin jinsi don magancewa da daidaitawa ga sauyin yanayi a yankin Orinoquía na yanayi, a kusa da shekara dubu biyu da goma sha’hudu 2014. 

A cikin shekarar dubu biyu da goma sha’biyar 2015, Acevedo ya yi aiki ga Asusun Duniya na Yanayi a Paraguay.

Daga shekarar dubu biyu da goma sha’shidda 2016 zuwa shekarar dubu biyu da goma sha’tara 2019, Acevedo ya yi aiki a matsayin ƙwararren masani game da canjin yanayi ga gwamnatin Nariño, Colombia, mai daidaita manufofin sauyin yanayi.

A cikin shekarar dubu biyu da ishirin da daya 2021, Acevedo ta halarci taron sauyin yanayi na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na 2021 (COP26), a matsayin wani yanki na mazabar mata da Jinsi. Ta ba da shawarar mahimmancin yancin mata wajen samun adalcin yanayi.

Acevedo tana jagorantar aikin Mata don Adalci na Yanayi (aikin Barranquilla +20), wani shiri na 2021 wanda ke jaddada jagorancin yanayi na mata matasa daga ko'ina cikin Colombia.    Gidauniyar Bill &amp;amp; Melinda Gates ta baiwa Barranquilla +20 $50,000 don aikin a 2021.  

Acevedo yana aiki a kan kwamitin gudanarwa na Global Youth Biodiversity Network da Kwamitin Asusun Matasa na Asusun Ayyukan Sauyin Matasa na Duniya. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Acevedo ya fito ne daga Barranquilla, Colombia.

Acevedo ta kammala karatun digiri na Universidad del Norte, Colombia, daga inda ta sami digiri a cikin dangantakar ƙasa da ƙasa, tare da mai da hankali kan dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa.  Acevedo ta halarci Makarantar Kuɗi da Gudanarwa ta Frankfurt, inda ta karanta kuɗin canjin yanayi.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Barranquilla +20 gidan yanar gizon
* Xiomara Acevedo - Yanayi da Kuɗi ( YouTube )
* El Orinoco se Adapta ( Facebook ); El Orinoco se Adapta ( YouTube )
Dokar Tilasta Kamun Kifi a High Seas Driftnet Na 1992

**Dokar tilasta Kamun Kifi ta High Seas Driftnet na 1992** ita ce sanarwar Amurka da ke yin la'akari da kiyaye shirin kiyaye kifin driftnet na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don taƙaita kamun kifi mai girma a cikin manyan tekuna ko ruwan duniya. Dokar Majalisar ta amince da ƙudiri na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ke sanya dokar hana kamun kifi a manyan teku a ranar 31 ga Disambar, 1992 Dangane da taken 16 sashe na 1857, dokar tarayya ta Amurka mai lamba 102-582 ta ayyana Dokar Kare Kifi da Kamun Kifi na Magnuson–Stevens ta haramta amfani da babban kamun kifi na driftnet a cikin keɓantaccen yanki na tattalin arziki na kowace ƙasa mai iko da Amurka.

## Tsarin Dokar
An tsara dokar a shekarar 1992 a matsayin Bill House Bill HR 2152 da Majalisar Dattijai Bill S. 884.  Kudirin HR 2152 ya maye gurbin kudirin S. 884 wanda zaman majalisar dokokin Amurka na 102 ya zartar kuma shugaban Amurka na 41 George HW Bush ya kafa doka a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba, 1992. 

An tsara dokar tarayya a matsayin lakabi biyar da yake bayyana Amurka da suka shafi aiwatar da shari'a da kuma kiyaye kamun kifi mai girma na driftnet a cikin Tekun Bakwai.

### Wasu dokokin da tsare-tsaren
Sun hada da;

* Rashin gata na tashar jiragen ruwa da takunkumi ga manyan kamun kifi na driftnet
* Tsawon hana damar tashar jiragen ruwa da takunkumi
* Bukatu a ƙarkashin Dokar Kariyar Mammal Marine na 1972
* Ma'anoni
* Ƙuntatawa shigo da su ƙarƙashin Dokar Kariyar Masunta na 1967
* tilastawa
* Tattaunawar ciniki da muhalli
* Haramcin da ya shafi jiragen ruwa na Amurka da ƴan ƙasa
* Haɓaka gatan tashar jiragen ruwa don kamun kifi a Tekun Bering ta Tsakiya
* Tsawon lokacin hana gatan tashar jiragen ruwa
* Ƙuntata kamun kifi a yankin tattalin arzikin Amurka keɓantacce
* Ma'anoni
* Karewa
* Sokewa harajin jirgin ruwa na nishaɗi
* Shigar da jadawalin kuɗin fito ta atomatik da tsarin bayanai

## Duba kuma

* Drift netting
* Hukumar Maritime ta Tarayya
* Gillnetting
* National Marine Fisheries Service
* Majalisar Kula da Kifi ta Arewacin Pacific
* Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Dokar Teku

## Hanyoyin waje

## Manazarta
Edwin Speed

**Sir Edwin Arney Speed** (11 Maris 1869 - 14 Disamba 1941) shi ne Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya daga shekarar 1914 zuwa 1918. Lord Lugard Na matukar girmama shi wanda ya tabbatar da nada sa a matsayin Alkalin Alkalai na hadaddiyar yankin kariyar turawa na Kudancin Arewa ah nijeriya. Lugard ne ya dora masa alhakin hada kan dokokin kasashen biyu da kafa tsarin kotun koli da na lardi da na ‘yan kasa daya. 

## Rayuwa
An haifi Edward Arney Speed a watan Maris 1869, ya kasance dan Robert Henry Speed ne na Nottingham. Mahaifinsa lauya ne na Kotun Nottingham County. Ya karanta shari'a a Kwalejin Trinity, Cambridge inda ya sami LLB da MA An kira shi zuwa mashaya a watan Yuni 1893 kuma ya yi doka a cikin Midland Circuit kafin ya shiga aikin mulkin mallaka. An nada shi Hakimin Gundumar Gold Coast a 1899.  A shekarar 1890, Speed aka nada shi Babban Atoni-Janar na mulkin mallaka na Legas da kuma a 1906, na Kudancin Najeriya inda ya kasance babban Lauyan Janar har zuwa 1908 kafin ya karbi mukamin Babban Jojin Arewacin Najeriya .

Dangane da hade yankunan Najeriya, Speed ya aiwatar da wasu sabbin dokokin shari'a wadanda suka jawo masa suka daga sassan lauyoyin Legas kuma saboda irin wadannan dokokin da kuma adawar da lauyoyi ke yi da sabbin dokokin, ba a tunanin ya yi suna irin na magabata. William Nicol da kuma Osborne . 

## Manazarta
2022

**2022** (MMXXII) shekara ce ta yanzu. Shekara ta 
biyo baya 2021 yayin da 2023 zai biyo baya. Wannan ita ce shekara ta 22 na karni na 21 kuma shekara ta uku na shekaru goma na 2020.
 

## Haihuwa

## Mutuwa
* Mohamed Rahmoune

## Manazarta
Yohanna Tella

Farfesa **Yohanna Tella** ya kasan ce shugaban Jami'ar Jihar Kaduna mai riƙon ƙwarya daga ranar 22 ga watan Janairun shekarar 2022, ya maye gurbin tsohon shugaban makarantar mai suna Muhammad Tanko, wanda Gwamnan Jihar Kaduna Malan Nasir Ahmed Elrufai ya naɗa.
## Farkon rayuwa
## Ilimi
Ya kasan ce farfesa ne a ɓangaren Ilimin lissafi.

## Aiki
Ya gaji Muhammad Tanko bayan wa'adin sa na shekaru biyar (5) sun ƙare.

## Manazarta
Mohammed Uwais

**Mohammed Lawal Uwais** (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Yuni na shekara ta 1936)  shi ne Alkalin Kotun Koli ta Najeriya daga shekara ta 1995 har zuwa shekara ta 2006. Daga baya ya jagoranci wata hukumar da ta wallafa wani rahoto mai cike da cece-kuce game da sake fasalin zabe.

Uwais da ne ga Babban Alƙali, sannan kuma Wazirin Masarautar Zariya. 

## Rahoton sake fasalin zabe
Bayan ya yi ritaya daga Kotun Koli, Uwais ya jagoranci wani kwamiti kan sake fasalin zabe wanda ya gabatar da rahoto a ranar 11 ga Disamba,shekara ta  2008 tare da shawarwarin da suka hada da kafa kwamitocin da za su magance laifukan zabe, tantance mazabu da rajistar jam’iyyun siyasa da kuma ka’ida. Wasu daga cikin ikon da hukumar zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta kasa (INEC) da kuma na Jihohi masu zaman kansu za a mika su ga sabbin kwamitocin. Kwamitin ya ba da shawarar a samu daidaito a zaɓukan majalisun tarayya da na Jihohi da na kananan hukumomi. Rahoton ya kuma bayar da shawarar cewa a nada shugaban hukumar zaɓe ta ƙasa ta ɓangaren shari’a maimakon shugaban ƙasa. Shugaba Umaru 'Yar'aduwa ya ƙi amincewa da wannan shawarar. 

'Yar'Adua ya aika da wani gyara na rahoton Uwais ga majalisar dokoki a shekara ta 2009, inda ya jawo suka sosai tunda da yawa suna ganin cewa zaɓukan baya-bayan nan sun yi kura-kurai sosai kuma ana bukatar gyara. A watan Maris din shekara ta 2010 ne mukaddashin shugaban kasa Goodluck Jonathan ya mika rahoton rahoton da ba a tantance ba ga majalisar dokokin kasar domin amincewa da shi, inda ya ce a aiwatar da shawarwarin gaba ɗaya kafin zaɓen 2011 na kasa.  Batun ikon nada shugaban hukumar ta INEC dai ya ci gaba da cece-kuce. Kafin Jonathan ya sake mika rahoton, kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan sake duba kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya yi watsi da shawarar mika wannan iko ga bangaren shari’a. Bayan gabatar da karar, mataimakin shugaban masu rinjaye na majalisar dattawa, Mohammed Mana, ya ce barin bangaren shari’a ya nada shugaban hukumar INEC ya saɓa wa ka’idar raba madafun iko, tunda dai ɓangaren shari’a ne ke da alhakin sauraron kararrakin da suka taso daga zabe. 
The report also recommended that the head of the Independent National Electoral Commission should be appointed by the judiciary rather than the President. 
This recommendation was rejected by President Umaru Yar'Adua. 
.

## Manazarta
John Verity (Alƙali)

Yallabai **John Verity** (1892 - 9 Afrilu 1970) alƙali ne ɗan ƙasar waje na ƙasar Biritaniya wanda ya kasance Babban Jojin Zanzibar  daga 1939 har zuwa lokacin da aka naɗa shi a matsayin Babban Jojin Guiana na Burtaniya a 1941. An nada shi Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya a shekara ta 1945. 

## Kuruciya, iyali da ilimi
An haifi Verity a Landan, ɗa ne ga Rev. Heron Beresford Verity. Ya halarci Kwalejin Vale, Thanet sannan Kwalejin Diocesan, Honduras ta Burtaniya.

## Aiki
An naɗa shi Alkalin Puisne a Guiana da ke Burtaniya a cikin 1936. A 1939, ya zama babban alkalin Zanzibar. Bayan karshen wa'adinsa na Babban Jojin Najeriya (1946-54), Verity ya kasance kwamishinan Revision na Shari'a, Najeriya kuma ya hada rahoto tare da Fatayi Williams game da sake fasalin dokokin Yammacin Najeriya .

## Rayuwa ta sirri
A ranar 25 ga watan Fabrairu 1918, Verity ta auri Grace Rochat, 'yar Mabel Rochat. Alheri shi ne dan uwansa na farko; Dukansu jikoki ne na Charles Felix Verity na Vale Lodge, Winkfield Berkshire. 

## Manazarta
Adriane Lopes

**Adriane Lopes** (an haife ta 26 yuni 1976) `yar siyasar Brazil ce, kuma lauya wadda itace magajiyar garin Campo Grande ta 65 tun daga 2 Afrilu 2022.

## Ilimi da Aiki
Tana da digiri a fannin Shari'a da Tauhidi, digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Jama'a da Gudanar da Gari. Hakanan Koci ne kuma Jagoran Koci na Cibiyar Koyarwa ta Brazil (IBC).

Ta fara aiki tare da sayar da ice cream don biyan kuɗin makarantar lauya, lauya ce, ta yi aiki a Hukumar Kula da Gidajen Yari ta Jiha (Agepen) na tsawon shekaru hudu.

Ya kuma ci gaba da ayyukan zamantakewa da dama. An zabe ta mataimakiyar magajin gari na wa'adi biyu kuma a yanzu ta zama lardin Campo Grande. Adriane ta auri mataimakiyar jihar Lídio Lopes kuma tana da 'ya'ya biyu. Ta kasance mataimakiyar magajin garin Campo Grande daga Janairu 1, 2017 zuwa Afrilu 1, 2022, lokacin da ta taimaka wajen haɓaka ayyukan da ke nufin taimakon zamantakewa.

A ranar 2 ga Afrilu 2022  ta zama magajin garin Campo Grande.    

## Manazarta
Arewa ta tsakiyar Najeriya

**[[Arewa]] ta tsakiyar** Najeriya Wani bangare ne dake Arewa ta tsakiya a Nigeria inda ta haɗa jihohi kamar haka

* Abuja
* Benue
* Plateau
* Neja
* Nassarawa
* Kwara
.
Kotun Shari'a ta Tarayyar Afirka ta

Tun da farko an yi nufin **Kotun Shari'a ta Tarayyar Afirka ta** zama "babban sashin shari'a " na Tarayyar Afirka ( Protocol of the Court of Justice of the African Union, Mataki na ashirin da 2.2) mai Iƙon yanke hukunci kan taƙaddama kan fassarar yarjejeniyar AU. Kotun dai, ba ta taɓa wanzuwa ba, domin ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta yanke shawarar cewa a hade ta da kotun kare hakkin bil'adama da al'umma ta Afirka don kafa wata sabuwar kotu: Kotun Afrika ta Afirka (ACJHR). Ƙarƙashin wannan shawarar ita ce damuwar da ake samu kan karuwar cibiyoyi na AU, waɗanda AU ba za ta iya tallafa musu ba. 

An amince da wata yarjejeniya ta kafa kotun shari'a a shekara ta 2003, kuma ta fara aiki a shekara ta 2009. Duk da haka, an maye gurbinsa da wata yarjejeniya da ta kafa kotun shari'a da 'yancin ɗan adam ta Afirka.

An Kuma amince da tsarin haɗakar ne a yayin taron ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka karo na 11 a watan Yulin shekara ta 2008. Kotun ta tarayya za ta kasance a Arusha, ƙasar Tanzania.

## Ƙasashen dake ciki

## Duba kuma
* Kotun Afirka akan Haƙƙoƙin Dan Adam da Jama'a
* Kotun Gabashin Afirka

## Manazarta
Gasar Kare Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam ta Afirka

**Gasar** **Kare Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam ta Afirka.** Gasa ce ta kotunan duniya da ta fi mai da hankali kan yancin ɗan adam a Afirka. Cibiyar kare hakkin dan Adam ce ta shirya gasar, mai tushe a Jami'ar Pretoria Faculty of Law a Afirka ta Kudu. Kowace shekara, wata Jami’ar Shari’a daga wata kasa ta Afirka ce ke daukar nauyin gasar. Tun lokacin da aka fara gasar a shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da casa'in da biyu (1992), gasar tana da ƙungiyoyi guda 845 da suka fito daga jami'o'i 125 daga ƙasashen Afirka guda 45.

Gasar mai harsuna uku ce kuma ana yin gardamar zagaye na farko cikin Ingilishi, Faransanci da Fotigal. Dalibai suna jayayya da wani haƙƙi na haƙƙin ɗan adam kuma suna kafa hujjar su a kan Yarjejeniya ta Afirka kan yancin ɗan adam da jama'a. Ƙungiyoyi biyu ne suka fafata a zagayen karshe na mafi kyawun ƙungiyoyin Anglophone guda uku, ƙungiyoyin faransa biyu da kungiyar Lusophone daya. Fitattun malaman fikihu na Afirka da na duniya ne suka yi alkalancin zagaye na karyshe.

## Ganewa
An bayyana kotun kare haƙƙin bil-Adama ta Afirka a matsayin taro mafi girma na ɗalibai da malamai a nahiyar Afirka. Cibiyar kare hakkin dan Adam ta sami lambar yabo ta UNESCO don Ilimin 'Yancin Dan Adam a cikin shekara ta 2006  kuma Kotun Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Afirka ta sami ambato ta musamman saboda tana ɗaya daga cikin shirye-shiryen ci gaba na Cibiyar.

## Bayanin tarihi

## Duba kuma

* Kotun koli
* Cibiyar Hakkokin Dan Adam
* Gasar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Duniya
* Gasar Kotu ta Makarantun Afirka ta Kudu.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Shafin yanar gizo na gasar
* Labari: Babban lambar yabo ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don cibiyar haƙƙin SA
Rahoton Dokar Kare Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam na Afirka

Rahoton ***Dokar Kare Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam na Afirka*** wata jarida ce ta shekara-shekara ta shari'a da Dokar JUTA ta buga a madadin Cibiyar Haƙƙin Dan Adam a Jami'ar Pretoria . Ya ƙunshi hukunce-hukuncen shari'a masu dacewa da dokokin haƙƙin ɗan adam a Afirka. Waɗannan sun haɗa da kuma zaɓaɓɓun shawarwarin cikin gida daga ɗaukacin nahiyar, da kuma shawarwarin hukumar kare hakkin bil Adama da jama'a ta Afrika, da hukumomin yarjejeniyar MDD, da suka shafi kasashen Afirka . An buga shi a cikin Turanci da Faransanci kuma an tsara shi a cikin Bibliography na Ƙasashen Duniya na Kimiyyar zamantakewa .

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*