open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ken Cook

**Ken Cook** mai ba da shawara kan muhalli ne na Amurka kuma mai nazarin manufofi. Shi ne shugaban kasa kuma co-kafa kungiyar Environmental Working Group (EWG), kungiyar 501 (c) (3) mai zaman kanta da ke mai da hankali kan batutuwan muhalli da lafiyar jama'a. Cook ya ba da gudummawa ga manufofin aikin gona da muhalli na Amurka, musamman a cikin abinci da amincin kayan kulawa na mutum, magungunan kashe kwari da ruwan sha, shirye-shiryen kiyayewa don ayyukan noma da shirye-shirye na makamashi mai tsabta.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Cook ta girma ne a yankin St. Louis, Missouri. Ya shafe lokacin rani yana aiki a gonakin shanu na kawunsa, wanda ya rinjayi sha'awar aikin gona da muhalli. A makarantar sakandare, ya zama mai sha'awar muhawara tsakanin Paul R. Ehrlich da Barry Commoner game da karuwar yawan jama'a da tasirinsa a kan muhalli, yana bin binciken mai zaman kansa akan manyan littattafansu - bincikensa na farko na muhalli.

Ya halarci Jami'ar Missouri, Columbia, inda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin tarihi, digiri na farko na kimiyya a fannin noma, da kuma digiri na biyu na kimiyya a kimiyyar ƙasa.

## Ayyuka
Cook ya fara aikinsa a wani tanki na muhalli kafin ya yi aiki a matsayin mai sharhi kan manufofin noma a Ma'aikatar Bincike ta Majalisa ta Laburaren Majalisa. Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai fafutuka da mai sharhi ga kungiyoyin muhalli da kiyayewa" babban yunkuri na farko a cikin manufofin noma a lokacin muhawara ta Farm Bill ta 1985. Dokar da ta haifar ta ingantaccen manufofi, ta sa kiyayewa a cikin shirye-shiryen tallafi, kuma ta haifar da dubban biliyoyin daloli a cikin saka hannun jari na tarayya don kare kiyaye ƙasa, dabbobin daji, da ingancin ruwa. Daga baya ya yi aiki a Asusun Kula da namun daji na Duniya a karkashin William K. Reilly, yana aiki a matsayin darektan manema labarai, mai nazarin manufofi, da kuma mai fafutuka. A cikin 1990, ya taimaka wajen kafa shirin manufofi a cikin Cibiyar Tattalin Arziki, yana mai da hankali kan manufofin noma da kiyayewa.

## Sanarwa
An ambaci Cook a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan masu fafutuka na Washington ta hanyar The Hill da The Huffington Post. A shekara ta 2009, masu karatu na The Huffington Post sun zabi Cook a matsayin "Ultimate Green Game Changer"*.*

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Cook ya auri Deb Callahan, kuma suna zaune a Arewacin California tare da ɗansu.

## Manazarta
Little Saint James

**Little Saint James** wani karamin tsibiri ne mai zaman kansa a cikin tsibirin Virgin Islands na Amurka, kudu maso gabashin Saint Thomas . Ya kasance mallakar dan Amurka mai ba da kuɗi kuma wanda aka yanke masa hukuncin aikata laifukan jima'i na yara Jeffrey Epstein daga 1998 har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekarar 2019.  Saboda shekarun mallakar Epstein, kuma musamman amfani da shi a matsayin tushen ayyukan fataucin jima'i na yara, tsibirin galibi ana kiransa **Tsibirin Epstein**.

## Yanayin ƙasa
Little Saint James karamin tsibiri ne (ko tsibiri)  tare da yanki na kadada 70 zuwa 78 (28 zuwa 32 . Yana cikin tsibirin Virgin Islands na Amurka,  wanda ke kudu maso gabashin makwabcin Great Saint James, duka a kudancin gabar tsibirin St. Thomasnbsp; mafi girma  kuma yana cikin yankin East End, St. Thomas .  Tsibirin Virgin sune tsaunuka da ke tashi daga ƙarƙashin teku na Caribbean. Iska ta kasuwanci (mai yawa daga gabas zuwa yamma kusa da ma'auni na Duniya) ya mamaye yanayi da yanayin gida, tare da iskõki masu ƙarfi da karancin ruwan sama a lokacin hunturu.

David Copperfield ya miƙa wa Claudia Schiffer a kan Little St. James, watanni uku bayan saduwa da ita a 1993. 

Little St. James tsibiri ne mai zaman kansa. A shekara ta 1997, mai mallakar jari-hujja Arch Cummin ne kuma ana sayar da shi don dala miliyan 10.5. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1998, wani kamfani da ake kira L.S.J. LLC ya sayi tsibirin don dala miliyan 7.95, kuma takardu sun nuna cewa Jeffrey Epstein shi ne kawai memba na L.S-J. A cikin 2019, tsibirin ya kai dala 63,874,223.  Little St. James shine mazaunin farko na Epstein,   kuma ya kira tsibirin "Little St. Jeff". Edward Tuttle, mai tsara Aman Resorts ne ya gyara babban gidan da ke tsibirin.&nbsp;

A shekara ta 2005, Epstein ya hayar da Hukumar Ruwa da Wutar Lantarki ta Virgin Islands don shigar da haɗin wutar lantarki da fiber optic tsakanin St. Thomas da Little St. James, samar da tsibirin da aka keɓe bayanai da haɗin lantarki wanda ya kawar da buƙatar janareto.

## Gine-gine da baƙi na Epstein (1998-2019)

A shekara ta 1997, tsibirin yana da babban gida, gidajen baƙi guda uku, gidan mai kulawa, tsarin cire gishiri mai zaman kansa, helipad, da tashar jiragen ruwa. A shekara ta 2019, kayan aikin tsibirin sun fadada don haɗawa da gine-ginen zama da gyare-gyare.

### Babban Gidan

Ayyukan gine-gine na Edward Tuttle sun tsara gyaran babban gidan a tsibirin, sau da yawa ana bayyana shi a matsayin fili. An kammala gyaran wani lokaci bayan Maris 2003  kuma gidan da aka yi da ginshiƙai shine inda baƙi suka zauna yayin ziyartar tsibirin. 

Baya ga babban wurin zama, akwai ƙarin gidaje 4.

## Manazarta
Evelyn Mai kallo

Jaridar ***Evelyn Observer*** jarida ce ta mako-mako da aka fitar daga 1873 zuwa 1942 a yankin arewa maso gabashin Melbourne, Victoria a Ostiraliya. An fara buga ta a ranar 31 ga Oktoba, 1873 daga wani gidan makaranta a Kangaroo Ground .  Andrew Ross, babban malamin makaranta na farko a gundumar kuma mai kula da otal shi ne mamallakin *Observer* na farko, kuma ya nemi taimakon wani firinta, John Rossiter, wanda ya zama editan farko.  Daga nan sai ya fara aiki daga wani gini na musamman a saman tudu. Bayan an mayar da ofishin jaridar zuwa Hurstbridge, Majalisar Eltham Shire ta sayi ginin. 

Alan Marshall a cikin littafinsa mai suna Pioneers & Painters: One Hundred Years of Eltham and it's Shire, wanda aka buga a shekarar 1971, ya bayar da wani tarihi na baya inda ya sake maimaita abubuwan tunawa da John Bell na Kangaroo Ground da aka rubuta da hannu a shekarar 1910: "Wani lokaci a shekarun 1960, Kamfanin Jaridar Evelyn Observer ya fara aiki ne ta hannun Mista Rossiter a matsayin Edita.. Mista Harris, wanda shi ne mamallakin kamfanin kuma Editan kamfanin a yanzu, ya sayi kasuwancin kuma ya ci gaba da gudanar da Jaridar cikin nasara. A farkon zamanin, ana ci gaba da bugawa da bugawa a tsohon gidan makarantar da ke kan filin Cocin amma kimanin shekaru 32 da suka gabata Mista Donaldson ya gina ginin wanda yanzu ake kira Ofishin Mai Kula da Gidaje".[1]

Batun da ya fi daɗewa da ya tsira shine 15 ga Oktoba 1875, wanda aka gudanar a ɗakin karatu na jihar Victoria.

Daga ranar 7 ga Yuli, 1882, jaridar ta yaɗu a Eltham, Lilydale, Heidelberg, Whittlesea, Yan Yean, Kangaroo Ground, Diamond Creek, Anderson's Creek, Alphington, Ivanhoe, Epping, Northcote, Preston, Yarra Flats, Morang, Yering, Caledonia, Healesville, Fernshaw, Marysville, Greensborough, Templestowe, Ringwood da Upper Yarra.

## Tarihi

* ***Evelyn Observer da South and East Bourke Records*** 1882–1902 
* ***Evelyn Observer da Bourke East Record*** 1902–1917 
* ***Mai Tallata Shires na Eltham da Whittlesea kuma Mai Tallafawa Kwarin Diamond Creek*** 1917–1922 
* ***Mai Talla*** 1922–1939 
* ***Mai Tallata Shires na Eltham da Whittlesea*** 1940–1942 

## Manazarta
Birni mai dorewa

**birni mai ɗorewa**, birni mai ɗwarewa, ko **birni mai kore** birni ne da aka tsara tare da la'akari da tasirin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, da muhalli (wanda ake kira Layin kasa uku), da kuma wurin zama mai ɗorewar jama'ar da ke akwai. Manufar Ci Gaban Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 11 ta bayyana a matsayin wanda aka sadaukar don cimma ci gaban kore, zamantakewa, da tattalin arziki, sauƙaƙe damar da ke ba da fifiko ga hada kai da kuma kula da ci gaban tattalin arziki mai ɗorewa. Bugu da ƙari, manufar ita ce rage shigarwar makamashi, ruwa, da abinci, da kuma rage sharar gida sosai, da kuma fitar da zafi, gurɓataccen iska (ciki har da CO2, methane, da gurɓatawar ruwa).

## Gine-gine
Gine-gine suna samar da ababen more rayuwa don birni mai aiki kuma suna ba da damar dama da yawa don nuna jajircewa ga dorewa. Ƙaddamar da Gine-gine mai ɗorewa ya ƙunshi duk matakai na gini ciki har da tsarawa, gini, da sake fasalin. Masu tsara gine-gine, masu zanen kaya, injiniyoyi, gine-gine، masu haɓakawa, masu tsara manufofi, da sauransu suna amfani da Shirin Yanayi mai ɗorewa don daidaita ci gaban ƙasa da gudanarwa tare da ƙirar ɗorewa.

### Gidan shakatawa na masana'antu
UNIDO (United Nation's Industrial Development Organization) ta bayyana wurin shakatawa na masana'antu a matsayin al'umma ta kasuwanci da ke kan dukiya ta kowa inda kamfanoni ke neman cimma ingantaccen aikin muhalli, tattalin arziki, da zamantakewa ta hanyar hadin gwiwa wajen sarrafa batutuwan muhalli da albarkatu. Wannan haɗin gwiwar masana'antu ne inda kamfanoni ke samun ƙarin fa'ida ta hanyar musayar kayan aiki, makamashi, ruwa, da samfurori, don haka yana ba da damar ci gaba mai ɗorewa. Wannan haɗin gwiwar yana rage tasirin muhalli yayin da yake inganta aikin tattalin arziki na yankin.

### Gidan shakatawa da aka sake amfani da shi a Rotterdam, Netherlands
Gidan shakatawa na Recycled a Rotterdam, birni na biyu mafi girma a cikin Netherlands, wani shiri ne wanda aka gabatar da shi ta hanyar Recycled Island Foundation,  wata kungiya ta Netherlands da ke mai da hankali kan sake amfani da sharar gida ta hanyar ƙirƙirar wuraren shakatawa na tsibirin, a tsakanin sauran ayyukan da ke ci gaba. Gidan shakatawa na Rotterdam wani rukuni ne na "tsibirin" mai laushi, mai laushi wanda ya ƙunshi datti da aka sake amfani da shi. Kungiyar ta yi amfani da tsarin tarkon datti don tattara wannan datti daga Kogin Maas. Yanayin wurin shakatawa a kan Kogin Maas yana nuna tsari na zagaye da nufin ƙirƙirar birni mai ɗorewa.

## Manazarta
Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Jihar Kano

**Ma'aikatar [[lafiya]] ta [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]]** ita ce cibiyar da ke da alhakin daidaitawa, tsarawa, da kuma kula da tsarin kiwon lafiya a Jihar Kano, Najeriya. Ma'aikatar, karkashin jagorancin Kwamishinan da gwamna ya nada, an ba ta aiki tare da bunkasa manufofi masu alaƙa da kiwon lafiya, aiwatar da shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya na jama'a, da kuma sarrafa albarkatun kiwon lafiya. Ayyukanta suna tallafawa isar da ayyukan kiwon lafiya a duk fadin daya daga cikin jihohin da suka fi yawan jama'a a Najeriya. Tana a No.4 post Office Road, Kano.

## Jagora
Kwamishinan kiwon lafiya ne ke jagorantar ma'aikatar kuma sakataren dindindin yana taimakawa wajen ci gaba da samar da mataimakin likita mai mahimmanci don taimakawa ci gaba da ayyukan ma'aikatan. Kwamishinan na yanzu shine Dr. Abubakar Labaran.

## Tsarin ƙungiya

* Gudanarwa
* Kudi & lissafi
* Shirye-shiryen, bincike & kididdiga
* Ayyukan magunguna
* Ayyukan kiwon lafiya
* Ayyukan kiwon lafiya na jama'a
* Ayyukan jinya

## Parastals
Hukumar Kula da Asibitin Jihar Kano 

Kwamitin Kula da Lafiya na Firamare na Kasa

Kwalejin Jinya da Midwifery ta Jihar Kano 

## Manazarta
Ebi Ololo

**Ebi Ben Ololo** ƙwararren ɗan muhalli ne kuma ɗan siyasa wanda ke aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan Muhalli a Jihar Bayelsa a ƙarƙashin Gwamna Douye Diri 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Ololo tana da digiri na farko na Kimiyya a Kimiyya ta Muhalli daga Jami'ar Neja Delta kuma tana da takardar shaidar digiri na biyu a cikin Gudanar da Muhalli da Manufofin daga Cibiyar Muhalli da Muhalli ta Najeriya. Ya kuma sami horo a cikin Ayyukan Tasirin Muhalli (EIA) da dabarun gyaran man fetur.

## Ayyukan siyasa
A watan Janairun 2025, ya ba da umarnin rufe ayyukan gandun daji har abada a jihar don kare albarkatun gandun daji da inganta ayyukan gandun dajin mai ɗorewa. Ya jaddada cewa an dakatar da katako da jigilar kayayyakin gandun daji ba tare da izini mai kyau ba don taimakawa wajen adana bambancin halittu da ma'aunin muhalli.

Ya kuma yi Allah wadai da ƙasa ba bisa ka'ida ba, ayyukan hakar ma'adinai marasa izini da tono yashi kusa da mahimman kayan aiki, kuma ya kuma yi maraba da masu gwagwarmayar muhalli da kungiyoyin da ke ba da shawara ga dasa bishiyoyi da ayyukan ciyayi.

## Dubi kuma

* Majalisar zartarwa ta Jihar Bayelsa

## Manazarta
Brian Muhumuza Bishanga

Brian Muhumuza Bishanga (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Agusta 1993), wanda aka fi sani da Bryan Morel a aikinsa na sana'a, ɗan Uganda ne, mai tallata jama'a (publicist), mai ba da agaji (philanthropist), diflomasiyya na matasa, kuma wanda ya kafa BM Publications da Kyarimpa Cares.[1] An san shi saboda babban gudummawarsa a fannonin tallata mutane da al'umma, sadarwa da kafofin watsa labarai, matsayi na kamfanoni, da ayyukan jin kai, tare da mai da hankali kan jin daɗin yara, kiyaye muhalli, da ƙarfafa matasa a duk faɗin Afirka.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Brian a Mbarara, Uganda, ga Abel Muhumuza da Jovia Kyarimpa . Yana da 'yan uwa biyar: Prim Ahumuza, Doreen Arinda, Annabel Nuwarinda, Oliviath Namugerwa, da Reagan Mugerwa . Lokacin da yake da watanni takwas, ya rasa mahaifinsa a hatsarin mota. Kakansa, Yowath Mugizi Bishanga ne ya tashe shi, wanda ya koya masa dabi'un addini, tawali'u, juriya, da horo.

Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Lyakisana (1996-2006), makarantar sakandare ta St. Gonzaga Kijjukizo (2007-2010), da kuma makarantar sakandare na Sseke SS (2011-2012), inda ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin editan mujallar. Daga baya ya shiga Jami'ar Makerere (2013-2016), inda ya sami difloma a cikin Shirin Shirin da Gudanarwa. A lokacin da yake makaranta, ya nuna sha'awar rubuce-rubuce, gyarawa, da ilimin tsara.

## Ayyuka

### Dangantaka da gudanarwa
A lokacin shekarunsa na jami'a, Brian ya sami ƙwarewa a matsayin mai ba da horo a Cibiyar TIC ta Jama'a ta Banda, inda ya shirya muhawara ta ɗalibai da taron tsofaffin jami'a. A shekara ta 2015, an zaba shi a matsayin alƙali a gasar kiɗa ta Sing For Fame a Kampala . Ya kuma ba da gudummawa tare da Diva Awards Afrika, yana taimakawa wajen daidaita jam'iyyar kaddamar da kakar wasa ta farko don girmama Juliana Kanyomozi, Halima Namakula, da sauran masu nishadantarwa na Uganda.

### Ayyukan sana'a da kamfen
Brian ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen shirya manyan kamfen da abubuwan da suka faru kamar Angella Katatumba Mulago Yaffe Charity Concert a cikin 2016, wanda ya tara sama da miliyan 25 na UGX don Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta Uganda. Ya tsara wasiƙu don halartar Katatumba da wasan kwaikwayon a Taron Duniya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Istanbul, taron Tarayyar Afirka a Nairobi, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa a wasan kwaikwayo na Gala na Afirka a Vienna a cikin 2017. Ya kuma tsara ƙaddamar da Gidauniyar Desire Luzinda da gudummawar tsabta a lokacin annobar COVID-19.

### Littattafan BM
A cikin 2021, Brian ya kafa Bryan Morel Publications, daga baya aka sake masa suna zuwa BM Publications (BMP), mai ba da shawara mai yawa wanda ke ƙwarewa a cikin tallafin alama, kamfen ɗin kafofin watsa labarai, tallan masu tasiri, ƙirƙirar abun ciki na dijital, taimakon zartarwa, da kuma gudanar da suna. BMP ta taimaka wa masu fasaha da yawa, shugabannin tunani, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu su sami shahararren bayyanar kafofin watsa labarai a dandamali kamar BBC, CNN, Teen Vogue, Euronews, Voice of America, Getty Images, New Vision, da Daily Monitor.

## Manazarta
Olusegun Enitan Dada

**Olusegun Enitan Dada** (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1986) ɗan kasuwa ne Na Najeriya kuma Babban Darakta na ZojaPay.

## Ilimi
Olusegun tana da digiri na farko na Kimiyya a Ilimin Fasaha (2006 zuwa 2010) da kuma Jagora na Kimiyya na Fasahar Bayanai daga Jami'ar Legas (2012-2014). Ya kasance tsohon jami'in Shirin Shugaba na Duniya daga Makarantar Kasuwancin Legas.

## Farkon aiki
Olusegun ya fara aikinsa ne lokacin da yake ƙarami a kwaleji a matsayin mai horarwa da shugaban kamfanin Fasahar Bayanai na Legas  kafin ya ci gaba zuwa Lopworks Limited a matsayin Babban Mai ba da shawara na Cibiyar sadarwa daga 2011 zuwa 2012. A shekara ta 23, Olusegun Dada ya fara tafiyarsa ta kasuwanci a shekara ta 2009 tare da IT Horizons, kamfanin fasaha wanda ke magance kalubalen ababen more rayuwa na ICT ga masu kasuwancin Najeriya. Ayyukansa sun haɗu da fasaha, cibiyar sadarwa, Tsaro na yanar gizo, da kuma gina kayan aikin dijital na kudi.

A cewar BusinessDay Najeriya, an kira Olusegun Dada daya daga cikin manyan 'yan asalin fasahar Najeriya goma a shekarar 2025.  Ya kasance mai magana a kan batutuwan kasa game da tsaro na yanar gizo, kirkire-kirkire na fasaha, da karfafa matasa. Bugu da ƙari, ya gabatar da jawabi kan  a taron shekara-shekara na Babban Jami'an Bayanai (CIO) a Legas a cikin 2022.

## Taimako
Olusegun tana shiga cikin ayyukan agaji ta hanyar "OED Foundation," wanda ke mai da hankali kan yara da matasa da ke buƙatar ilimi mai inganci, ƙwarewar dijital, da tallafi na asali a Najeriya. Ya kuma ba da shawara ga kiwon lafiya da jin daɗi a matsayin hanyar da za a ba da gudummawa ga al'umma.

## Manazarta
George Romme

**George Romme** (Dutch: **Sjoerd**) masanin ilimin ƙungiya ne na Dutch, masanin kimiyya kuma marubuci. Shi cikakken farfesa ne na Kasuwanci da Innovation a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Eindhoven.

An san Romme da gabatar da kimiyyar ƙira ga tsarin da nazarin gudanarwa.   Ya kuma jagoranci abin da ake kira da'irar rubutun kuma jagora ne mai tunani a kan batutuwa kamar ƙwarewa da matsayi (ƙungiya). Ya wallafa kuma ya hada hannu da rubuce-rubuce na bincike da littattafai, ciki har da The Quest for Professionalism: The Case of Management and Entrepreneurship, sana'a ya sami lambar yabo ta EURAM Best Book  da kuma Responsible Research in Management Award a shekarar 2017. Ya kuma sami lambar yabo ta Tjalling C. Koopmans Asset Award ta 2016 daga Jami'ar Tilburg  da kuma lambar yabo ta 2019 Distinguished Scholar-Practitioner daga Kwalejin Gudanarwa. 

## Ilimi da aiki
Romme ta sami digiri na BSc a fannin Tattalin Arziki a 1981 da kuma digiri na MSc a 1984, duka daga Jami'ar Tilburg. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin farfesa a cikin Gudanar da Dabarun a Jami'ar Maastricht daga 1989 zuwa 1992 kuma ya sami digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar Maastricht a 1992. 

Romme ya ci gaba da aikinsa na ilimi a Jami'ar Maastricht a matsayin mataimakin farfesa a cikin Strategy & Organization daga 1992 zuwa 2000 da kuma babban jami'in bincike a Faculty of Economics and Business Administration (daga 1996 zuwa 2000). Daga baya, an nada shi a matsayin farfesa na Gudanarwa a Jami'ar Tilburg . Tun daga shekara ta 2005, ya kasance farfesa a fannin Kasuwanci da Innovation a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Eindhoven.

## Bincike
Ayyukan ilimi na Romme sun haɗa da manyan gudummawa guda uku: aikinsa kan ƙwarewa horo na gudanarwa, tsarin kimiyya na ƙira, da Matsayi na ƙungiya da zagaye.

### Neman Kwarewa
Romme ya rubuta kuma ya hada hannu da rubuce-rubuce da yawa da ke bincika yankin da manufar kasuwanci da kuma gudanarwa. A cikin The Quest for Professionalism: The Case of Management and Entrepreneurship, wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta EURAM Best Book Award na 2017,  ya yi jayayya cewa Quest for Professionalism yana da mahimmanci don rage farashin al'umma na aikin gudanarwa, ta hanyar mai da hankali kan ci gaban manufar sana'a da tushen ilimi, tare da jaddada rawar da ke tattare da karatun gudanarwa. Jan Spruijt ya rubuta game da wannan littafin cewa "wani nau'i ne na ɗaukar hanyar da ake buƙata sosai ga jagoranci da kuma bayanin kula mai mahimmanci game da matakin ƙwarewar da yawancinmu ke kusantar kimiyya na gudanarwa da kasuwanci tare da shi".

## Manazarta
Gidan kirkire-kirkire

**Innovation Pavilion** wani kamfani ne na kasuwanci wanda Vic Ahmed ya kafa a Centennial, Colorado a cikin 2011.  Incubator ya bayyana kansa a matsayin tsarin halittu ga 'yan kasuwa kuma an tsara shi ne bayan Plug and Play, incubator na farawa na Silicon Valley. Pavilion yana da kamfanonin membobin fasaha, kiwon lafiya na dijital, kafofin watsa labarai, nishaɗi, tallace-tallace da kuɗi, suna aiki daga matakin farawa zuwa sama. Har ila yau, incubator ya gudanar da shirye-shiryen matasa masu yawa tare da Cibiyar Kasuwancin Matasa ta Denver .

An sayi ginin ne a cikin 2013 a cikin haɗin gwiwar dabarun tsakanin Innovation Pavilion da Northstar Commercial Partners, tare da shirye-shiryen buɗe ƙarin incubators. Northstar, wani kamfani mai zaman kansa na kasuwanci, yana da hedkwata a Denver.

Innovation Pavilion yana karbar bakuncin tarurruka na kowane wata na Opportunity Coalition, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke mai da hankali kan kasuwanci a Colorado.

An lissafa sararin Innovation Pavilion don hayar a cikin zarge-zargen cin zarafin jima'i da aka yi wa wanda ya kafa Vic Ahmed.

A ranar 13 ga Nuwamba, 2019, Thrive Workplace ta ba da sanarwar cewa za su buɗe wurin su na huɗu a sararin da ya taɓa zama gida ga Innovation Pavilion.

## Kasuwanci
A matsayin daya daga cikin hanyoyin samar da kudade, Innovation Pavilion yana ba da tallafi ga masu farawa a kan dandalin microlending na tsara-zuwa-tsara, Kiva Zip.

## Kamfanoni membobin

* Cloud Elements - sabis na gudanarwa na API wanda masu haɓakawa ke amfani da shi don haɗa, saka idanu da kula da ayyukan girgije.
* CLVR - kamfani ne na bidiyo mai ma'amala.

## Manazarta
Ofishin Jakadancin Kerala

**Kerala Startup Mission** (KSUM), wanda aka fi sani da Technopark TBI, wata hukuma ce ta matakin jiha a karkashin Gwamnatin Kerala, Indiya, wacce aka sadaukar don inganta kasuwanci da ayyukan haɓaka. An kafa shi da farko don gudanar da Fasahar Kasuwancin Fasaha (TBI), mai saurin farawa, KSUM yana da niyyar haɓaka yanayi mai kyau ga kasuwancin da ke da fasahar zamani.

## Manufofin
Babban burin KSUM sun hada da:

* Incubation da Acceleration: Shirya, kafa, da kuma gudanar da TBI don tallafawa farawa na fasaha.
* Ci gaban Tsarin Halitta: Haɗin kai tare da sauran incubators, ƙarfafa shirye-shiryen kasuwanci, da inganta farawa na ilimi.
* Ci gaban baiwa: Karfafa dalibai, malamai, da kuma kasuwanci na gida, da kuma gina ikon albarkatun ɗan adam.
* Haɗin Masana'antu: Sauƙaƙe haɗin tsakanin farawa da masana'antu, da kuma kafa wuraren bincike da ci gaba.
* Taimako na Cibiyoyi: Inganta Innovation da Ci gaban Kasuwanci (IEDCs) da kuma wuraren shakatawa a cikin cibiyoyin ilimi.

## Shirye-shiryen

### Shirin shayarwa
KSUM tana tallafawa ci gaban kasuwancin da ke da tushe ta hanyar tsarin tsari. Farawa yawanci ci gaba ta hanyar matakai uku na farko: pre-incubation, incubation, da hanzari.

Pre-incubation wani mataki ne na farko wanda ke da kimanin watanni uku zuwa shida, da farko an mayar da hankali kan tsara ra'ayi da gyare-gyare. A lokacin shayarwa (watanni shida zuwa goma sha biyu), farawa suna shiga cikin ci gaban samfur da shirye-shiryen kasuwa. KSUM tana ba da wurin aiki na jiki, tallafin kuɗi, jagoranci, da horar da kasuwanci a wannan matakin. Mataki na hanzari (watanni uku zuwa shida) ya haɗa da tsaftace tsarin kasuwanci da shirya don saka hannun jari. KSUM tana ba da sabis na ba da shawara ga kasuwanci da kuma yin wasan kwaikwayo a wannan matakin.

Wadannan shirye-shiryen an tsara su ne don haɓaka farawa na farko da sauƙaƙe ci gaban su cikin kamfanoni masu ɗorewa. 

### KSUM - EY Accelerator
KSUM ta yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Ernst &amp;amp; Young don kafa Kasuwanci da Fasaha a KINFRA Film & Video Park a Thiruvananthapuram . Mai hanzari yana ba da sararin aiki na murabba'in mita 1500 da kuma cikakkun sabis na tallafi ga zaɓaɓɓun farawa na Kerala.

Shirin yana ba da matakin hanzari na watanni shida, tare da zaɓi don tsawaita ƙarin watanni shida. Masu halarta suna karɓar jagoranci a cikin dabarun kasuwanci, kudi, albarkatun ɗan adam, ci gaban shawarwarin saka hannun jari, fasahar da ke tasowa, da bincike na kasuwa. Har ila yau, mai hanzari yana sauƙaƙa damar sadarwar tare da shugabannin masana'antu, masu saka hannun jari na mala'iku, da masu jari-hujja.

## Manazarta
Kamfanin (Katoomba)

***Kamfanin*** jarida ne na ƙasar Ostiraliya wanda aka kafa a Katoomba, New South Wales, a watan Yunin 1913.

## Tarihi
A watan Yunin 1913, an fara wata ƙaramar jarida mai suna The Enterprise a Katoomba. A cewar sanarwar Echo game da haihuwarta, jaridar "tana fitowa tsawon lokaci a matsayin takardar talla." (Echo, 13 Yuni 1913). Wannan ya bayyana yawan adadin fitowar da aka sani ta tsira, wacce aka ajiye kwafin ƙaramin fim ɗinta a ɗakin karatu na Blue Mountains City : 3 Satumba 1913 (Juzu'i na 2. Lamba ta 104). W. Hickson, Proprietor, Katoomba Street, Katoomba ne ya buga wannan fitowar". Echo ya ce masu ita "Messrs Hickson da Millard" ne. Ba a san lokacin da ta daina bugawa ba.[1]

## Canzawa ta hanyar dijital
An mayar da *Kamfanin* zuwa dijital a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin Shirin Digitization na Jaridun Australiya na Laburaren Ƙasa na Australiya. 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin jaridu a New South Wales
* Jerin jaridu a Ostiraliya

## Manazarta
Tasirin muhalli na masana'antar sinadarai a Sarnia

"Chemical Valley" na Sarnia da kewayen yankin suna da gida ga wuraren sinadarai 62 da kuma refineries. Wani rahoto na Ecojustice Canada na 2007 ya nuna cewa wuraren masana'antu da ke cikin kilomita 25 na Sarnia, Ontario sun fitar da fiye da tan 131,000 na gurɓataccen iska a shekara ta 2005.&nbsp;

## Rashin gurɓata iska da cututtuka

A watan Janairun shekara ta 2011, Sarnia Observer ya lura cewa "Sarnia tana da mafi girman matakan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin da aka rubuta a kowane ɗayan tashoshin sa ido 40 na lardin, tare da iska mai iska fiye da Windsor, Hamilton, Kingston, da Chatham. "  A watan Satumbar shekara ta 2011, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ba da rahoton cewa "[yayinda Kanada ta kasance ta uku a duniya idan ya zo ga ingancin iska, Sarnia ta zama mafi munin birni a cikin ƙasar haihuwar maza a cikin ƙasar, tare da mafi ƙwayoyin cubic mita na iska".  Pamela Calvert da ke cikin Aji House 1 da Amurkawa,  Farko na farko sun ficewar maza da ake kira Canada.[w] Har ila yau, akwai alaƙa tsakanin rayuwa a Sarnia da yawan ciwon daji tsakanin maza - yana da kashi 34% mafi girma fiye da matsakaicin lardin, yawan ciwon huhu wanda ya fi 50% mafi girma, yawan mesothelioma sau biyar mafi girma, da kuma asbestosis sau tara mafi girma.

## Rashin gurɓata ruwa
Rashin gurɓata ruwa babban damuwa ne a Sarnia. Wani binciken da aka yi a watan Yunin 2003 na Jami'ar Ryerson ya kammala cewa babban tushen gurɓataccen ruwa a cikin Kogin St. Clair yana faruwa ne a Cibiyar Kula da Ruwan Ruwan Sarnia (WPCC) saboda zubar da sinadarai da hayakin Jirgin ruwa. A shekara ta 2008, birnin ya yanke shawarar maye gurbin tsoffin famfo na datti wanda ke sarrafa ruwan. Minti na taron da aka yi tsakanin Magajin garin Mike Bradley da Majalisar Birnin Sarnia sun bayyana cewa "[t]ya kashe kuɗin gyaran famfo na ruwa mai tsabta wani muhimmin bangare ne na sayen sabon raka'a. Koyaya, bisa ga aikin raka'a na yanzu a cikin shekaru 8 da suka gabata, ma'aikatan birni sun fi son duba wasu masana'antun don maye gurbin famfo na Fairbanks-Morse na yanzu yayin da suke buƙatar sake ginawa na biyu. "  A cikin rahoton rarraba ruwa ya wuce sakamakon gwajin da aka tsara don rahoton mai kyau na Ontario.

## Manazarta
Koriya Kasuwanci na Intanet

Koriya ta Koriya ta Kudu, kamfani ne na B2B wanda ke ƙwarewa a cikin kayan aikin Intanet. KINX tana ba da cibiyar bayanai ta Intanet (IDC), cibiyar sadarwar abun ciki (CDN), da sabis na lissafin girgije ga abokan ciniki. Hedikwatar tana cikin Seoul, Koriya ta Kudu. Ya zuwa Maris 2020, KINX tana da ma'aikata 126.

## Ayyuka

### IX (musayar Intanet)
KINX tana aiki da musayar Intanet mai tushe 2 a Koriya ta Kudu. Cibiyar bayanai ta mai ɗaukar hoto ce, wanda ke nufin cewa Masu ba da sabis na Intanet na cikin gida da na duniya (ISP), da kuma masu ba da abun ciki (CPs), suna da 'yanci daga kowane mai ba da hanyar sadarwa kuma suna iya zaɓar abokan hulɗar su kyauta. KINX tana fadada tasirin ta na kasa da kasa ta hanyar kafa wurin kasancewar (PoP) a Hong Kong da Tokyo, Japan.

KINX a halin yanzu tana aiki da IDC guda huɗu - duk masu ɗaukar hoto - a ciki da kusa da yankin Seoul. Wadanda suka halarta na IX sun hada da Daum-Kakao, wanda sanannen sabis na manzo KakaoTalk ke alfahari da masu amfani da sama da miliyan 140.

### CDN (Centerry of Content delivery)
KINX ta CDN bayani, bisa ga yin hulɗa tare da ISPs na cikin gida da na duniya, yana ba da abun ciki cikin sauri da kwanciyar hankali. Yana ba da gudana, cache, da sabis na saukewa. Babban abokan ciniki na mafita na KINX sune kamfanonin caca, kamar Com2uS da Neowiz Games, waɗanda ke buƙatar isar da abun ciki ga masu amfani na ƙarshe, da kafofin watsa labarai, kamar Koriya Tattalin Arziki Daily da Financial News, waɗanda ke ba da sabuntawa na ainihi ga masu sauraron su.

### Cloud (ƙididdigar girgije)
A cikin 2012, KINX ta gabatar da 'IXcloud', ta zama kamfanin Koriya na farko da ya samar da sabis na girgije na jama'a wanda ke amfani da OpenStack. Hakanan yana ba da tallafi ga ƙoƙarin kamfanonin jama'a da masu zaman kansu don kafa sabis na girgije mai zaman kansa. Tun daga shekara ta 2011, KINX, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da AppCenter, ya ba da sabis na girgije ga masu haɓaka yanar gizo na hannu kyauta. A cikin 2014, KINX ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tare da NEOPLY, shirin da Neowiz Games ke gudanarwa don tallafawa farawa da samar da ababen more rayuwa don sabis na girgije.

### CloudHub
KINX CloudHub dandamali ne mai ci gaba mai yawa wanda ke ba da damar kai tsaye ga manyan girgije na duniya da na cikin gida ciki har da AWS, MS, Google, IBM, Tencent, Oracle, da Naver Business Platform. Sabis ɗin CloudHub fasalin ' tashar jiragen ruwa guda ɗaya, da'irori masu yawa,' ma'ana cewa abokan ciniki na iya adana farashin da'irorin da yawa ga kowane CSP. Kamar yadda KINX ke ba da sabis na CloudHub, abokan ciniki yanzu na iya zaɓar sabis na girgije tare da daidaitawa da sabis na girgizar sama da yawa. Kwanan nan, bukatun ayyukan girgije da girgije masu yawa suna hanzarta tun lokacin da bambancin ayyukan ke zama mafi mahimmanci.

## Manazarta
Labarin Dare (Rockhampton)

***Jaridar Evening News*** jarida ce da aka buga a Rockhampton, Queensland, Ostiraliya .

## Tarihi
Wannan jarida ta fara aiki a ranar 3 ga Janairu 1863 a matsayin Northern Argus . [1] Arthur Leslie Bourcicault ne ya buga ta sau uku a mako. [2] Editan shine William Herbert Robison.[3]

Daga ranar 1 ga Janairu 1875, an buga shi a matsayin ***Daily Northern Argus*** .  Arthur Leslie Bourcicault ne ke buga shi kowace rana.  Editan shine Francis Hodgson Nixon.

Daga ranar 2 ga Janairu 1897, an haɗa shi da *[[Record (Rockhampton)|Record]]* kuma aka buga shi a matsayin ***Daily Record*** .  

Daga ranar 31 ga Yuli 1922, an buga shi a matsayin *Jaridar Maraice*.Walter Sewell Buzacott ne ya wallafa shi. Mujallar ƙarshe ta fito ne a ranar 31 ga Yuli 1941.  

## Canzawa ta hanyar dijital
An mayar da wannan takarda ta hanyar dijital a matsayin wani ɓangare na Shirin Dijital na Jaridun Australiya na Laburaren Ƙasa na Australiya. 

## Manazarta
Lindsay Stringer

**Lindsay C. Stringer** Farfesa ce a cikin Muhalli da Ci gaba a Jami'ar York .

## Ilimi

* PhD a cikin Geography, Jami'ar Sheffield, Sashen Geography, 2005
* MSc a cikin Kula da Muhalli da Bincike a Drylands, Jami'ar Sheffield Sashen Geography, 2001
* BSc a cikin Yanayin Jiki, Jami'ar Sheffield Sashen Yanayi, 2000

## Ayyuka
Stringer ya shiga cikin bincike kan ƙasa, abinci, ruwa, makamashi da Canjin yanayi wanda ya kai c.£ miliyan 42 (cikakken darajar) tun shekara ta 2005.

Ta jagoranci Kungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya mai zaman kanta don Shirin Tsarin Dryland na Kungiyar Ba da Shawara kan Binciken Aikin Gona na Duniya (CGIAR) daga 2014 zuwa 2016.

Ta kasance babban marubucin Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) don Rahoton Musamman kan Canjin Yanayi da Amfani da Kasa. 

A halin yanzu ita ce marubucin IPCC na Rahoton Bincike na 6 (AR6) da kuma Mawallafin Gudanarwa na IPCC AR6 a kan Deserts, Desertification da Semi-arid Areas.

Ta kasance Mawallafin Gudanarwa don Tsarin Siyasa na Kimiyya na Gwamnati a kan Biodiversity da Ayyukan Ecosystem (IPBES) Binciken Yankin Afirka, da kuma Mawallafin Jagora don Binciken Rashin Rashin Rarraba da Maidowa na IPBES.

Stringer yana da hannu a cikin Tattalin Arziki na Rashin Rashin Rashi (ELD), da kuma kasancewa memba na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na DesertNet International.

An zaba ta ne don balaguron Homeward Bound na kasa da kasa zuwa Antarctica: shirin jagorancin mata a cikin kimiyyar yanayi a cikin 2016.

Ta kasance Darakta na Cibiyar Bincike ta Ci gaba (SRI) a Makarantar Duniya da Muhalli, Jami'ar Leeds, Burtaniya daga 2011-2014

Ita ce Darakta Cibiyar Kula da Muhalli ta York (YESI). Jami'ar York ce ta kafa cibiyar don sauƙaƙewa da isar da bincike na hadin gwiwa a cikin dorewar muhalli. https://www.york.ac.uk/yesi/about-us/

Ita memba ce ta Cibiyar Kula da Harkokin Noma ta Duniya, Jami'ar Bayero Kano

## Kyaututtuka

* Kyautar Wolfson Research Merit ta Royal Society, 2017 
* Kyautar Mata ta Nasarar, 2015 
* Kyautar Philip Leverhulme don inganta dorewa a cikin wuraren da ba su da ruwa a duniya, 2013

## Manazarta
2025 Harbi na Jami'ar Brown

A ranar 13 ga watan Disamba, 2025, an fara harbi a Jami'ar Brown da ke Providence, Rhode Island, Amurka, a rana ta biyu ta mako na jarrabawar karshe don semester na fall. Cláudio Manuel Neves Valente, ɗan ƙasar Portugal kuma tsohon ɗalibin jami'ar, ya shiga Makarantar Injiniya kuma ya kashe ɗalibai biyu kuma ya ji wa wasu ɗalibai tara rauni  yayin da suka halarci zaman bita don shirya jarrabawar ƙarshe. Valente ya tsere daga wurin kafin 'yan sanda su isa.

Jami'ar Brown jami'ar Ivy League ce a unguwar College Hill na Providence, Rhode Island, inda ta mallaki fiye da gine-gine 230. A cikin 2023, ya shiga kimanin dalibai 11,500, masu digiri, da likitanci

Harbi ya faru ne a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin harbe-harbe na makaranta a Amurka.

## Harbi na Jami'ar Brown

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan karfe 4 na yamma EST a ranar 13 ga Disamba, 2025, Cláudio Manuel Neves Valente ya harbe mutane 11 a Makarantar Injiniya ta Brown da Ginin Holley, wanda kuma ke da sashen kimiyyar lissafi na jami'ar.

Yawancin harbi sun kasance a cikin bene na farko, kujeru 186  Gidan 166,  inda mataimakin malami mai shekaru 21 ke jagorantar zaman bita na zaɓi don jarrabawar ƙarshe a tattalin arziki.   Ita ce rana ta biyu ta mako na karshe na jarrabawar makarantar don kaka na shekara ta 2025.  An buɗe ginin. Ba a san yadda Valente ya shiga ginin ba, amma hukumomi sun ce ya shiga wani bangare na ginin wanda ke da iyakantaccen kyamarori masu sa ido kuma ya fita a gefen Hope Street.

### Wadanda aka azabtar

Mutane biyu sun mutu, kuma tara sun ji rauni a harbin Jami'ar Brown. Dukansu dalibai ne na Brown.

Biyu da aka kashe sune Ella Cook, mai Ikklisiya a Cocin Cathedral na Advent a Birmingham, Alabama kuma mataimakin shugaban Brown's College Republicans, da Mukhammad Aziz Umurzokov, Ba'amurke na Uzbek kuma wanda ya kammala karatun sakandare na Midlothian a Chesterfield County, Virginia 

## Kisan Nuno Loureiro
A ranar 15 ga watan Disamba, da misalin karfe 8:30 na yamma. An harbe farfesa a fannin kimiyyar lissafi na MIT Nuno Loureiro a cikin ɗakin ɗakin da yake zaune a Brookline, Massachusetts. An kai shi Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Beth Isra'ila Deaconess a Boston tare da raunin bindiga, inda aka bayyana ya mutu da safe a ranar 16 ga Disamba.

## Manazarta
The Express (jaridar Granville)

Jaridar ***Express*** jarida ce ta al'umma ta gida da ke amfani da harshen Ingilishi kyauta, wacce Herbert Denley ke bugawa kuma take bugawa duk mako, a lamba 58 Good Street, Granville, New South Wales, Ostiraliya.  Jaridar ta yaɗu a unguwannin Auburn, Lidcombe, Berala, Regents Park, Flemington, Homebush da kewaye, tana ba da rahoto kan ayyukan zamantakewa, al'umma, wasanni da na gwamnati, kuma tana ba da kasuwancin gida da tallan da aka keɓe. 

An buga fitowar farko ta *jaridar The Express* a shekarar 1924, kuma zuwa watan Yunin 1933 jaridar ta sami tabbacin za a rarraba ta zuwa 10,000. 

*Jaridar Express* ta ci gaba da wallafawa har zuwa farkon shekarun 1950. 

## Samuwa
Fitowa uku kacal na jaridar The Express (22 ga Yuni, 1933; 19 ga Oktoba, 1934; da 2 ga Mayu, 1935) ne aka gudanar da su a ɗakin karatu na Jihar New South Wales, waɗanda aka adana a cikin ma'ajiyar da ba ta wurinsu ba.[1]

Gosford Micrographics Pty Ltd ta ɗauki fim ɗin *The Express* guda biyu (Juzu'i na 9, Lamba ta 19, mai kwanan wata Alhamis, 22 ga Yuni, 1933 da kuma Juzu'i na 11, Lamba ta 9, mai kwanan wata Alhamis, 2 ga Mayu, 1935), tare da fitowar da ta rage ta *[[Labaran Auburn da Gundumar|Auburn da District News]]*, a cikin wani ƙaramin fim guda ɗaya a watan Afrilun 2000. Ana iya kallon wannan ƙaramin fim ɗin a Laburaren Jiha na New South Wales, da kuma ayyukan ɗakin karatu na Majalisar Cumberland da Majalisar Birnin Parramatta .   

Ana samun fitowar jaridar *The Express* ta shekarar 1933 da 1935 ta yanar gizo ta hanyar gidan yanar gizon jaridar Trove mai dijital.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin jaridu a Ostiraliya
* Jerin jaridun da suka daina aiki a Ostiraliya
* Jerin jaridu a New South Wales
* Labaran Auburn da Gundumar

## Manazarta
Daud Suleman

**Daud Elvin Suleman** ƙwararren masani ne na fasahar sadarwa da sadarwa na Malawi wanda ke aiki a matsayin Darakta Janar na Hukumar Kula da Sadarwa ta Malawi. An san shi da jagorancinsa wajen inganta sauye-sauyen dijital, tsarin sadarwa, da kuma mulkin intanet a Malawi  A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2025, an dakatar da shi daga matsayinsa yayin da Gwamnatin Malawi ta gudanar da bincike.

## Rayuwa ta farko
Kafin aikinsa a cikin fasaha da sabis na jama'a, Suleman ya kasance ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando. Ya wakilci tawagar kwallon kwando ta Malawi a Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka ta FIBA ta 2007 don maza, ya shiga wasanni uku kuma ya ba da gudummawa da matsakaicin maki 1.3. An kuma yi bikin ne a matsayin almara na kwando a Malawi, bayan an girmama shi kuma an san shi da gudummawar da ya bayar ga wasanni.

## Ayyuka
An nada Suleman a matsayin Darakta Janar na MACRA a watan Oktoba na 2021 biyo bayan tsarin daukar ma'aikata na gasar da Gwamnatin Malawi ta gudanar. Kafin nadinsa, ya yi aiki a fannonin fasaha da kudi, yana samun kwarewa a cikin manufofin ICT, fintech, da sababbin tsarin.

### MACRA Dakatar da shi a cikin 2025
A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2025, an dakatar da Suleman daga matsayinsa na Darakta Janar na MACRA yayin da yake jiran binciken da Gwamnatin Malawi ta yi. Dakatarwar ta kasance wani ɓangare na babban aikin gwamnati wanda ya shafi manyan jami'ai a wasu kamfanoni, gami da Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Malawi da Asusun Kula da Tattalin Arziki na Kasa. Ofishin Shugaban kasa da majalisar ministoci, ta hanyar Babban Sakatare Justin Saidi, sun tabbatar da dakatarwar, suna mai cewa "bincike yana ci gaba". Koyaya, masu sharhi na shari'a sun bayyana matakin a matsayin wanda ba daidai ba, suna lura da cewa an rushe yawancin allon gwamnati a lokacin sabili da haka bazai rasa ikon aiwatar da irin waɗannan ayyukan gudanarwa ba.

## Manazarta
The Evening Star (Boulder, Yammacin Ostiraliya)

***Jaridar Evening Star*** jarida ce da ake bugawa kullum (banda Lahadi) a garuruwan Boulder da Kalgoorlie, Yammacin Ostiraliya daga 1898 zuwa 1921.

## Tarihi
Osgood & Co. ne ya fara buga kuma ya buga jaridar a ofisoshin The Evening Star, Burt Street, Boulder City da Hannan Street, Kalgoorlie.

Editan ƙarshe shine Dave Georgeson, wanda ya bar Jihar a hutu jim kaɗan kafin fitowar ƙarshe ta shiga jarida.  Daga baya Georgeson ya zama ƙaramin edita na *[[Wasikar Wasika|The Courier]]*, Brisbane . 

An kawo ƙarshen kasuwancin The Evening Star Co. Ltd a watan Afrilun 1921. 

## Canzawa ta hanyar dijital
Yawancin fitowar daga Vol. 1 No. 2 (22 Maris 1898) zuwa Vol. 21 No. 7226 (26 Fabrairu 1921) na *The Evening Star* an mayar da su dijital a matsayin wani ɓangare na Shirin Digitization na Jaridun Australiya na Laburare na Ƙasa na Australiya, kuma ana iya samun damar shiga ta Trove.

## Manazarta
Kabari mai dorewa

**Kabari Mai dorewa** wuri ne wanda aka tsara don riƙe ragowar waɗanda suka mutu ba tare da haifar da lalacewar muhalli ba. A tarihi, yawancin hanyoyin binne mutane ba sa haifar da mummunar tasiri ga duniyar, amma ayyukan embalming, kula da makabarta, da kuma amfani da kayan da ba za a iya lalata su ba a yau sun tabbatar da haifar da mummunan tasiri ga mahalli da wuraren binnewar da ke kewaye da wuraren binnewa. Ayyukan binnewa masu ɗorewa sun haɗa da kawar da amfani da sunadarai masu cutarwa da kayan da ba za a iya lalata su ba, iyakance yawan amfani da kayan halitta, da kuma inganta lalacewar jiki. Misalan hanyoyin binnewa masu ɗorewa na iya haɗawa da binnewar kore, alkaline hydrolysis,  man fetur na mutum, da binnewar sama.

## Tarihin ayyukan binnewa
A tarihi, binnewa ya kasance hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita don zubar da gawawwakin. Kabarin gargajiya bai haɗa da sunadarai na embalming ba, ɗakunan ajiya, ko akwatuna, kuma saboda haka yawanci suna da tasirin muhalli mafi kyau fiye da yawancin hanyoyin zamani. An sami shaidar Neanderthals suna binne matattu a Isra'ila ta zamani, kimanin shekaru 115,000 da suka gabata, kuma wannan al'adar za ta ci gaba ta hanyar tarihin ɗan adam na zamani.

Tasirin muhalli na ayyukan makabarta na yau da kullun sun haɗa da leaching sinadarai a cikin muhalli ta hanyar embalming da adana sinadarai, ayyukan kula da makabarta, amfani da albarkatu, Amfani da ƙasa, da gurɓata ƙasa da ruwa.

## Ka'idojin makabarta masu dorewa
Kabari mai ɗorewa, wanda aka fi sani da kabari mai kore ko wurin binnewa na halitta, wuri ne na binnewa wanda ya haramta kayan da ba na kwayoyin halitta ba a cikin makabarta na al'ada. Abubuwan binnewa marasa kwayoyin halitta sun haɗa da kayan kabari, akwatunan da ba su iya rushewa ba, ko sunadarai na adana jiki kamar formaldehyde.

## Manazarta
Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo

**Jami'ar [[Obafemi Awolowo]]** (**OAU**), wacce aka fi sani da **Jami'ar Ife**, jami'a ce ta tarayya a Ile-Ife, Jihar Osun, Najeriya. An kafa jami'ar a 1961 kuma an fara karatun ne a watan Oktoba 1962  a matsayin **Jami'ar Ife** ta gwamnatin yankin Yammacin Najeriya, wanda Samuel Ladoke Akintola ya jagoranta. An sake masa suna "Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo" a ranar 12 ga Mayu 1987, ta gwamnatin soja da Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida ke jagoranta, don girmama Obafemi awolowo (1909-1987), firaministan farko na Yammacin Najeriya, wanda da farko ya yi tunanin ra'ayin kafa jami'ar.

## Tarihi
A shekara ta 1951, tare da amincewa da sabon kundin tsarin mulki, an yi manyan canje-canje ga zaɓaɓɓun 'Yan majalisa da Firayim Ministocin yanki a yankuna. Saboda sun ga ilimi a matsayin babban abin da ke haifar da canji da ci gaba, sabbin gwamnatocin yankin sun ba da kariyar ilimi na asali da na sakandare. Ministan Ilimi na Tarayya ne ya kafa kwamiti a 1959 don nazarin bukatun da aka tsara na kasar ga masu karatun jami'a tsakanin 1960 da 1980.  Kwamitin ya kasance karkashin jagorancin malamin Cambridge Eric Ashby, masanin a Kwalejin Clare, Cambridge, kuma ya hada da masanin tattalin arziki Frederick H. Harbison .  Fatawar rahoton karshe na hukumar da gwamnatin Yammacin Yamma ta yi shi ne cewa Jami'ar Ibadan za ta gamsar da bukatun Yammacin, matsayin da gwamnatin tarayya ba ta yarda da shi ba. Kafin a gabatar da rahoto na ƙarshe a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1960, gwamnatin Yamma ta Farko shirye-shirye don kafa jami'a a yankin.

## Cibiyar Ibadan
A ranar 22 ga Satumba 1962, an buɗe jami'ar ga dalibai 244 a wuraren ta na wucin gadi, Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta baya, Ibadan .  Wasu daga cikin sabbin dalibai sun kasance a baya a Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya, kuma an dauki wasu ma'aikata daga Kwalejin Jami'ar, Ibadan, da kuma kasashen waje. An zabi Oladele Ajose a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar na farko, wanda ya fara da fannonin noma, zane-zane, tattalin arziki da nazarin zamantakewa, doka da kimiyya. Hanyar gudanarwa ta jami'a da kwalejoji sun yi kama da Kwalejin Jami'ar, Ibadan, kuma a lokacin da aka kafa ta, ta kafa dangantaka da Jami'ar Wisconsin. Yanayin siyasa mara kyau a cikin yankin ya jinkirta tashi daga Ibadan zuwa Ife.

Motsawar jami'ar zuwa sabon harabar a Ile-Ife ta fara ne a watan Janairun 1967.  Kwalejin da ke Ife tana da bangaren farko na kantin magani a Yammacin Afirka, sashen farko na injiniyan sinadarai, da bangaren na farko na kayan lantarki da injiniyan lantarki. Makarantar likitancinta ta fara ne da tsarin karatun da aka haɗa da kuma tsarin al'umma, wanda daga baya Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta karɓa, da kuma karatun baccalaureate (BSc honours) kafin samun shiga makarantar asibiti, amma daga baya aka watsar da wannan.

## Manazarta
Ƙungiyar SME ta Turai

**European DIGITAL SME Alliance** wata al'umma ce ta ƙananan kamfanonin ICT (SMEs). Mambobin ta ƙungiyoyin SME ne na dijital na ƙasa a cikin ƙasashe 30 da yankuna a cikin EU da ƙasashe makwabta, dukansu tare suna haɗuwa da sama da SMEs 45,000. An kafa DIGITAL SME a cikin 2007 (a lokacin an kira shi Pan European ICT & eBusiness Network for SME) don wakiltar muryar ICT SMEs da bukatun su a cibiyoyin Turai da sauran kungiyoyin duniya. DIGITAL SME ita ce ƙungiyar Turai ta farko ta ɓangaren ICT kawai. Shugaban yanzu shine Oliver Grün .  

## Tarihi da manyan nasarorin
Bayan wani shahararren tattaunawar jama'a game da haƙƙin mallaka na software, an kafa Cibiyar TIC & eBusiness ta Pan European don SMEs a cikin 2007. EUAPME (Kungiyar Turai ta Ayyuka, Ƙananan da Matsakaitan Kasuwanci) ce ta fara kafa ta, wanda yanzu ake kira SMEunited,  wanda memba DIGITAL SME ya kasance daga wannan lokacin.

A cikin 2013, Cibiyar TIC & eBusiness ta Pan Turai don SMEs ta kasance daga cikin mambobin da suka kafa SBS (Small Business Standards).  Tun daga wannan lokacin, ana nada wakilan DIGITAL SME a cikin Kwamitin SBS, kuma masana sun kasance suna shiga cikin kwamitocin fasaha na ƙungiyoyin daidaitawa na Turai: George Sharkov - masanin ETSI TC CYBER, Massimo Vanetti - masanin OneM2M, Fabio Guasconi - masanin ISO / IEC JCT 1 SC 27, George Babinov - masanin eTSI ATTM, Emil Dimitrov - masanin TCCE. Bugu da kari, an zabi DIGITAL SME da wakilin SBS farfesa Vladimir Poulkov a matsayin mataimakin shugaban babban taron ETSI a shekarar 2016.

## Ayyukan SME na Babban Ayyuka
UNICORN  aikin Horizon 2020 ne wanda ke da niyyar sauƙaƙa ƙira, turawa da gudanar da ayyukan girgije da yawa. DIGITAL SME yana aiki ne a matsayin mai kula da sadarwa na aikin, kuma yana kaiwa ga al'ummar SMEs.

SABINA  wani aikin Horizon 2020 ne na EU wanda ke da niyyar bunkasa sabbin fasahohi da samfuran kuɗi don amfani da haɗin kai tsakanin sassauci na lantarki da yanayin zafi na gine-gine. DIGITAL SME tana kula da duk ayyukan da suka shafi daidaitawa na aikin SABINA. Wadannan sun hada da nazarin yanayin shimfidar wuri a cikin SABINA da kuma samar da shawarwari game da tsawo na abubuwan aikin SABINA zuwa ka'idojin al'ada.

eCF Alliance  wani aikin Erasmus+ ne wanda ke da niyyar bunkasa shirye-shiryen horar da ilimin sana'a na ICT da takaddun shaida bisa tsarin eCF da ayyukan ESCO IT. Babban alhakin SME na DIGITAL a cikin aikin - shugabancin aikin, da gudanar da Kwamitin Masu Hadin Gashi.

## Manazarta
Ruwa3

**Liquid 3** (wanda aka fi sani da Liquid Trees) aikin photobioreactor ne mai tsabta wanda aka tsara don maye gurbin aikin bishiyoyi a cikin birane masu gurɓata sosai inda shuka da girma ainihin ciyayi ba zai yiwu ba. 

Cibiyar Nazarin Multidisciplinary a Jami'ar Belgrade ce ta tsara aikin. Shirin Ci gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP) ya zaɓi Liquid 3 a matsayin mafita "mai kirkiro" don "Climate Smart Urban Development," aikin da aka samar tare da haɗin gwiwar Ma'aikatar Kare Muhalli ta Serbia da kuma garin Stari Grad.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
Ana amfani da na'urar daukar hoton algae ta Liquid3 ta hanyar amfani da na'urorin hasken rana. Tankin gilashin yana cikin wani tsari wanda ke aiki a matsayin benci kuma an sanya shi da wasu kayan aiki kamar tashoshin caji. Kamar sauran na'urorin daukar hoton, ana tsotse iska ta hanyar famfon matsi sannan a ciyar da ita ga ƙananan algae, tare da fitar da iskar oxygen a matsayin wani abu da ya rage. Bugu da ƙari, na'urar daukar hoton bioreactor ta Liquid 3 na iya tace gurɓatattun ƙarfe masu nauyi a cikin iska kuma tana ɗauke da tsarin daidaita zafin jiki idan yanayin yanayi na waje ya yi tsauri ga ƙananan algae. Wanda ya ƙirƙiri na'urar daukar hoton Liquid 3, Dr. Ivan Spasojevic, ya sami kwarin gwiwa don sanya ta a Belgrade saboda gwagwarmayar birnin da gurɓataccen iska.

## Dubi kuma

* Itacen Birni
* Hasumiyar hayaƙi

## Manazarta