Olivia de Havilland

**Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland** (/də ˈhævɪlənd/; 1 ga Yuli, 1916 - 26 ga Yuli, 2020) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Burtaniya da Amurka. Babban ayyukan aikin fim dinta sun kasance daga 1935 zuwa 1988. Ta fito a fina-finai 49 kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na lokacinta. Kafin mutuwarta a shekarar 2020 tana da shekaru 104, ita ce mafi tsufa da ke raye kuma mafi farkon wanda ya lashe Kyautar Kwalejin kuma an dauke ta a matsayin babbar tauraro ta ƙarshe da ta tsira daga Golden Age of Hollywood cinema. Ƙaramar 'yar'uwarta, wacce take da sanannen gasa wanda aka rubuta shi sosai a cikin kafofin watsa labarai,  ita ce 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mai suna Joan Fontaine .

De Havilland ya fara zama sananne tare da Errol Flynn a matsayin ma'aurata a cikin fina-finai na kasada kamar Captain Blood (1935) da The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun matsayinta shine na Melanie Hamilton a cikin Gone with the Wind (1939), wanda ta sami na farko daga cikin zabukanta na Oscar guda biyar, wanda kawai ya sami mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo. 

A cikin shekarun 1940, De Havilland ta tashi daga matsayi mai ingénue kuma ta bambanta kanta don wasan kwaikwayon a Hold Baƙo the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946), The Snake Pit (1948), da The Heiress (1949), ta sami gabatarwa Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo guda huɗu kuma ta lashe ga To Each His own da The Hearess . Ta kuma yi nasara a aiki a kan mataki da talabijin. Daga shekarun 1950, De Havilland ya zauna a Paris kuma ya sami girmamawa kamar lambar yabo ta kasa ta Arts, Légion d'honneur, da kuma nadin Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire yana da shekaru 101.

Baya ga aikin fim dinta, de Havilland ta ci gaba da aikinta a gidan wasan kwaikwayo, ta bayyana sau uku a Broadway, a cikin *Romeo da Juliet* (1951), *Candida* (1952), da A Gift of Time (1962). Ta kuma yi aiki a talabijin, ta bayyana a cikin miniseries mai nasara Roots: The Next Generations (1979), da Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986) wanda ta sami kyautar Primetime Emmy Award kuma ta lashe Kyautar Golden Globe don Mafi kyawun Actress a cikin Fim din Talabijin ko Series. A lokacin aikin fim dinta, de Havilland ta tattara lambar yabo ta New York Film Critics Circle Awards guda biyu, lambar yabo ta National Board of Review Award for Best Actress, da kuma Venice Film Festival Volpi Cup . Don gudummawar da ta bayar ga masana'antar fina-finai, ta sami tauraro a kan Hollywood Walk of Fame . Ita da 'yar'uwarta sun kasance Yan uwa da suka lashe manyan kyaututtuka na Kwalejin.

## Rayuwa ta farko
Ta hanyar haihuwa, Olivia ta kasance memba na dangin de Havilland, wanda ya kasance daga cikin mutanen da suka samo asali daga yankin Normandy. Mahaifiyarta Lilian Fontaine (née Ruse; 1886 - 1975) ta yi karatu a Royal Academy of Dramatic Art a London kuma ta zama 'yar wasan kwaikwayo.[1] Ta kuma raira waƙa tare da Sir Walter Parratt, wanda shine Master of the King's Music, kuma ta zagaya Ingila tare da mawaƙa Ralph Vaughan Williams . [1] Mahaifin Olivia Walter de Havilland (1872 - 1968) ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa na Turanci a Jami'ar Tokyo Imperial kafin ya zama lauya.[1] Dan uwan mahaifinta shine Sir Geoffrey de Havilland (1882 - 1965), mai tsara jirgin sama kuma wanda ya kafa kamfanin jirgin sama na de Havillland. [1]

Walter da Lilian sun hadu a Japan a 1913 kuma sun yi aure a shekara mai zuwa;  ba aure ne mai farin ciki ba, saboda wani bangare na rashin amincin Walter.  An haifi Olivia Mary de Havilland a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 1916.  Iyalin sun koma wani babban gida a Birnin Tokyo, inda Lilian ta ba da waƙoƙi na al'ada. An haifi 'yar uwar Olivia Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland) - daga baya aka sani da actress Joan Fontaine - a ranar 22 ga Oktoba, 1917, lokacin da Olivia ke da watanni 15. Dukkanin 'yan'uwa mata sun zama' yan Burtaniya ta atomatik ta hanyar haihuwa.

A watan Fabrairun 1919, Lilian ta shawo kan mijinta ya dawo da iyalin zuwa Burtaniya saboda yanayin ya fi dacewa da 'ya'yansu mata marasa lafiya. Sun tashi a cikin SS *Siberia Maru* zuwa San Francisco,  inda iyalin suka tsaya don magance cutar ta Olivia. [10] Joan ta  da cutar huhu, don haka Lilian ta yanke shawarar kasancewa tare da 'ya'yanta mata a California, kuma daga ƙarshe sun zauna a ƙauyen Saratoga, kilomita 50 (kilomita 80) kudu da San Francisco. [Note 1] Walter ya watsar da iyalin kuma ya koma ga mai kula da gidansa na Japan, wanda daga ƙarshe ya zama matarsa ta biyu.

## Manazarta