Frances Emilia Crofton

**Frances Emilia Crofton** née **Dunn**(1822 - 23 Oktoba 1910),wacce aka fi sani da suna **Misis William Crofton**,ta kasance mai zanen shimfidar wuri na Anglo-Irish na kyakkyawan salo wanda ya bunkasa a tsakiyar karni na 19.A cikin 1854 ta buga *Ra'ayoyi takwas*,bugu na folio na kwafin lithograph na ainihin zane-zanenta na shimfidar wurare na Biritaniya da Ireland, don siyarwa don dalilai na agaji.Bishops dabam-dabam,membobin aristocracy da sauran su ne suka sayi waɗannan fastoci na kwafi takwas,wasu kuma yanzu suna cikin tarin jama'a.Ta auri mai mallakar Anglo-Irish William Crofton,likitan sojan ruwa da adalci na zaman lafiya,kuma ta rayu har tsawon rayuwarta a Cheltenham, Gloucestershire da Lakefield,wani katafaren gida mai babban gida a County Leitrim,Ireland.

## Fage
Frances Emilia Dunn( Waterford 1822 - Dunmore 23 Oktoba 1910), an san danginta da Fanny.Ita ce 'yar Nicholas James Cuthbert Dunn RN(1785-1858)  da matarsa Frances Elizabeth (1794-1872). Biyu daga cikin 'yan uwanta,Montagu Buccleugh da William James,sun kasance hafsoshin sojojin ruwa.A ranar 30 Maris 1848 ta auri William Crofton(1813 – 23 Mayu 1886), RN,MD,JP,  a St Mary's Church, Pembroke. Ya kasance mataimakin likitan fiɗa akan HMS , kuma shine ɗa na biyu na Duke Crofton, JP, DL.Lokacin da mijinta ya mutu a 1886,ya bar fiye da £ 20,000( equivalent to £2,317,824.98 a cikin 2021 ),[11]gami da gidajen ma'auratan da abubuwan ciki a Lakefield da Cheltenham,da Estate Lakefield.  

Crofton ya yi aure cikin sarkakkiyar yanayin siyasa na ƙungiyar Anglo-Irish.A cikin 1902,a lokacin hawan Edward VII,ta jagoranci bikin"mai sha'awar"da aka shirya don ma'aikatan gidan danginta a Lakefield a Ireland,kuma an taya ta murna.A daidai wannan lokacin dan uwanta,Kyaftin Duke Crofton,ya ba da shawarar yin gayya ga lafiyar sabon sarki,amma"a yin hakan yana nuni da ka'idojin rantsuwar rantsuwa ga mabiya darikar Katolika na Mai Martaba".  Rabin karni kafin haka,ta buga wani adadi na hotuna don taimakon wata kungiyar agaji wadda manufarta ita ce ta "tsare addinin Furotesta na marayun auren gauraye". 

A Cheltenham Crofton yana tallafawa ƙungiyoyin agaji ga talakawa.A cikin 1870 ta kasance majiɓincin kide-kide na amateur don taimakon mafakar Marayu ta Mata da Talakawa,a Cheltenham. 

Lokacin matashi,jaridar *Wexford Independent* ta bayyana Crofton a matsayin"mai son zuciya da cikawa". A cikin tsufanta *mai tallata Leitrim* ta ce tana "masu daraja kuma ana mutuntata sosai". 

### Gidaje a Ingila da Ireland

Crofton da mijinta sun zauna a Biritaniya da Ireland, suna tafiya akai-akai tsakanin su biyun.A Ingila sun zauna a Montagu Villa,1 Clarendon Villas, Cheltenham,Gloucestershire, inda iyayen Frances Emilia Crofton suka rayu tsakanin 1849 zuwa 1860, da Frances da William Crofton sun rayu tsakanin 1862 zuwa 1910.  Gidan Frances da William Crofton na Irish shine Lakefield,wani katafaren gida mai kadara a Mohill,County Leitrim,Ireland. An gina gidan tsakanin 1791 zuwa 1798,kuma filayensa wani yanki ne na Estate Crofton Mohill.Iyalin Crofton sun mallake shi har zuwa 1931 lokacin da aka sayar da shi ga Hukumar Landan Irish,bayan haka ta zama kango. 

## Artwork
Sunan ƙwararrun Crofton shine Mrs William Crofton.An san ta da aiki guda ɗaya kawai:saitin kwafin lithograph na ainihin ainihin zanen shimfidarta na Biritaniya da Ireland.Ba a san inda zane-zanenta na asali suke ba.A cikin 1855,ta ba da gudummawar £51( equivalent to £5,802.01 a cikin 2021 )[11]zuwa County Leitrim Protestant Orphan Society. Wannan shi ne abin da aka samu na siyar da"ra'ayoyi takwas da waccan matar ta dauka":bugu na masu biyan kuɗi na kundin ɗaure mai ɗauke da saitin lithographs takwas bayan hotunan shimfidar wuri na Crofton.   Wata mai sayar da litattafai na Dublin Penelope Gibson ta ce,"Faratocin suna daki-daki daki-daki da ke nuna shimfidar wurare na yankin kasar Ireland,katanga,manyan gidaje da kango".

### Sharhi kan salon ''Ra'ayoyi takwas'' (1854)
Ko da yake yana da kyau,salon *Ra'ayoyin Takwas* na iya bayyana shekaru hamsin daga zamani zuwa 1854.Lissafin masu biyan kuɗi ya nuna cewa yana da shekaru 32 Crofton ya mallaki ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Furotesta.Jerin ya hada da bishops na St Asaph,Cashel da Waterford,Killaloe,Peterborough,Ripon, Winchester da sauran limaman coci, masu taken mutane da hafsoshin soja, ban da 'yan aji na tsakiya.Hakan ya biyo baya cewa salon fasaha mai karɓuwa da ɗabi'a wanda Royal Academy ya gabatar a baya zai dace don samun da kuma riƙe goyon bayan irin wannan rukuni.Idan *Ra'ayoyin Takwas* na 1854 wakilci ne na salon da Crofton ya fi so,to yana yiwuwa ita da watakila masu biyan kuɗinta sun fi son tsofaffin kyawawan wurare masu ban sha'awa da salon fentin shimfidar wurare a matsayin ɗanɗano.

*   The eight engravings were lithograph copies of Crofton's original paintings.Some editions were bound in olive green cloth with gold motif.The untinted lithographs were by Thomas Ashburton Picken (1818–1891),and some tinted lithographs were by William Louis Walton(1808-1879).It was produced in folio or quarto size.
* I *View from Clooncaher of Lough Rynn and Lakefield,County Leitrim* (1854).
* II *Ruins of Muckruss Abbey* (1854).
* III *Monastery on Innisfallen Island, and Ross Castle,Killarney* (1854).
* IV *Castle Otway,County Tipperary, residence of Captain Otway,RN* (1854).
* V *Dunbrody Abbey,County Wexford* (1854).
* VI *Pembroke Castle,South Wales* (1854).
* VII *Isle of Portland,Dorsetshire* (1854).
* VIII *Village of Hambledon,Hants* (1854).

### Cikakkun bayanai daga ra'ayoyi guda uku

## Tari

* Royal Collection Trust:Biyar daga cikin kwafi ciki har da *Killarney*, *Dunbroody Abbey*,*Lough Rynn*, *Muckruss Abbey* da *Castle Otway* . 
* Falvey Memorial Library,Jami'ar Villanova,Pennsylvania:*Ra'ayoyi takwas don amfanin County Leitrim Protestant Orphan Society*:8 tinted lithographs of folio size 450 x 320mm,bayan zane na asali na Mrs William Crofton.Jerin faranti yana da iyaka da aka zana itace.
* Tarin Jama'a,Laburaren Haverfordwest:*Pembroke Castle, South Wales*
* National Library of Wales:*Pembroke Castle,South Wales*.
* National Library na Ireland:*Gidan sufi a tsibirin Innisfallen da Ross Castle, Killarney*.
* Tarin Marquess Conyngham,Slane Castle (har zuwa 1980):Ƙarar da aka ɗaure,*Ra'ayoyi takwas*. 

## Crofton a cikin al'ada

*   This novel was originally published in 1907 by Grant Richards. It references an elderly Mrs William Crofton in Chapter IV "Aunt William".

## Karin bincike

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*   (This link gives a summary of the contents of the above book).

## Bayanan kula

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

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