Lewis Adams

**Lewis Adams** (Oktoba 27, 1842 - Afrilu 30, 1905)  tsohon bawa ne na Afirka a Macon County, Alabama, wanda aka fi tunawa da shi saboda aikinsa na taimakawa wajen gano makarantar a 1881 a Tuskegee, Alabama wanda ya girma ya zama Makarantar al'ada wanda tare da shugabanta na farko, Booker T Washington, ya girma yafuuka Jami'ar Tuskegee.

Ba a san komai game da rayuwar Adams ba. An san, duk da haka, cewa duk da cewa ba shi da ilimi na yau da kullun, Adams na iya karatu, rubutu, da magana da harsuna da yawa. Ya kasance ƙwararren masassaƙi, mai yin kayan aiki, da kuma mai yin takalma. Ya auri Sarah Adams, tare da ita yana da 'ya'ya goma sha shida. Ya kasance sanannen jagora na al'ummar Afirka ta Afirka ta gundumar.

Adams ya damu musamman cewa, ba tare da ilimi ba, Mutanen da suka kasance bayi (da tsararraki masu zuwa) ba za su iya tallafa wa kansu ba. Babu cibiyoyi a wannan lokacin da za su koya musu ƙwarewa masu mahimmanci. Tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da tsohon bawa, Adams ya kafa makaranta a 1874. 

A cikin 1880, an kusanci Adams a madadin 'yan takara biyu masu fata da ke neman zaben zuwa Majalisar Dattijan Alabama. An tambaye shi abin da zai zama dole don samun kuri'un baƙar fata na al'umma. Maimakon neman ko karɓar kyaututtuka na sirri, al'ada ce, ya yi yarjejeniya da Jam'iyyar Democrat a Montgomery, yana alkawarin samun kuri'un Afirka ta Amirka idan za a samar da kudade don makarantar al'ada ga 'yan Afirka ta Amirka a Tuskegee. Shi da wani ma'aikacin banki, George W Campbell, wani tsohon bawa, ya shawo kan Majalisar Dokokin Alabama don fara tallafawa US $ 2,000 (~ $ 54,342 a 2023) a kowace shekara don "Negro Normal School in Tuskegee" tun daga 1881.  (An sanya wa makarantun al'ada suna saboda sun koyar da *ka'idoji* ilimi ko ka'idoji na gaba.) 

Lewis Adams ya dauki wani tsohon bautar, Booker T. Washington, bisa ga shawarar Janar Samuel C. Armstrong, wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban makarantar Normal don baƙi a Hampton, Virginia, don zama shugaban farko. Daga farawa mai tawali'u a cikin ƙaramar makaranta a cikin wani coci na gida a ranar 4 ga Yuli, 1881, makarantar ta koma a 188 zuwa kadada 100 (0.40 ) na gonar gona, wanda aka saya tare da rancen mutum na $ 200 daga mai ba da kuɗi na tsohon makarantar Washington (wanda daga ƙarshe ya girma ya zama Jami'ar Hampton).

Lewis Adams daga baya ya fassara Italiyanci, Faransanci, da Jamusanci ga Booker T. Washington lokacin da ya yi tafiya zuwa Turai. 'Yar Lewis Adams Virginia Adams ita ce ta farko da ta kammala karatu a makarantar Tuskegee Normal School don karɓar difloma daga Booker T. Washington, wanda ya jagoranci Tuskegee kuma, har zuwa wani lokaci, ya jagoranci al'ummar a dangantakar launin fata.

Kamar Lewis Adams, Dokta Washington ya rungumi ra'ayin cewa mutanen da suka kasance bayi suna buƙatar ƙwarewar aiki don tallafa wa kansu da iyalansu. Lewis Adams da Booker T. Washington suna da alaƙar kawun / dan uwan, tare da Adams yana jagorantar Washington a duk faɗin al'ummar Tuskegee. Adams da iyalinsa sun taimaka wa Washington ta samar da tallafi tsakanin 'yan Afirka na Afirka a cikin al'ummar Tuskegee don tallafawa makarantar da ke girma. Adams da Washington sun gina makarantar a cikin al'umma mai zaman kanta, mai dogaro da kai. Lewis Adams ya mutu a shekara ta 1905.

Baya ga gina makarantar a Tuskegee, Washington ta zama sanannen mai magana. Ya sami kudade masu yawa daga masu ba da agaji na Amurka kamar Andrew Carnegie, Collis P. Huntington, John D. Rockefeller, da Henry Huttleston Rogers. Duk da tafiye-tafiyensa da kuma aiki mai yawa, Dokta Washington ya kasance shugaban Tuskegee har sai da ya mutu a 1915 yana da shekaru 59. A lokacin mutuwarsa, kyautar Tuskegee ta wuce dala miliyan 1.5.

Wani sanannen Ba'amurke Ba'amurkiya wanda ya koyar a makarantar mafarkin Lewis Adams shine Dokta George Washington Carver .

## Bayanan da aka ambata