Taslim Olawale Elias

**Taslim Olawale Elias** (11 Nuwamba 1914&nbsp;– 14 ga Agusta 1991) masanin shari’a ne na Najeriya. Ya kasance babban lauya kuma babban alkalin Najeriya sannan kuma alkali kuma shugaban kotun kasa da kasa. Malami ne wanda ya zamanantar da dokokin Najeriya kuma yayi mata kwaskwarima sosai. 

## Kuruciya da karatu
An haifi Elias ga dangin sarakunan gargajiya na Legas, sannan babban birnin Najeriya, a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 1914.  Ya yi karatunsa na sakandare a Makarantar Grammar ta Church Missionary Society da kuma Kwalejin Igbobi da ke Legas.  Ya auri Ganiat Yetunde Fowosere, kuma ma’auratan za su haifi ‘ya’ya biyar tare (’ya’ya maza uku, mata biyu). Bayan ya ci jarrabawar satifiket na makarantar Cambridge, ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki a Ma’aikatar Audit na Gwamnati.  A shekarar 1935 ya shiga aikin layin dogo na Najeriya kuma ya yi aiki a babban ofishin akanta na tsawon shekaru tara. 

Yayin da yake aiki a tasahr jirgin kasan Najeriya, Elias ya zama dalibi a jami’ar Landan, sannan ya ci jarrabawar matsakaitan digiri na BA da LLB. Ya bar Najeriya zuwa kasar Ingila a shekarar 1944 kuma ya samu gurbin shiga Jami'ar College London . Kamar yadda wannan ya kasance a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, tare da Landan da ake kaiwa hari akai-akai, ya shafe wani lokaci a Kwalejin Trinity na Cambridge . Ya kammala karatunsa da BA a shekarar da ya shiga Jami'ar College London kuma bayan shekaru biyu ya sami LLB. A 1947 aka kira shi zuwa mashaya a cikin Haikali na ciki, inda ya kasance Yarborough Anderson Scholar, kuma a wannan shekarar ya sami digiri na LLM. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa na digiri kuma ya zama dan Afirka na farko da ya sami digirin digirgir a fannin shari'a a Jami'ar London a 1949.  

A cikin 1951 an baiwa Elias lambar yabo ta UNESCO don gudanar da bincike kan matsalolin shari'a, tattalin arziki da zamantakewa a Afirka. Daga baya wannan shekarar ya sami nadin karatunsa na farko, Simon Senior Research Fellow a Jami'ar Manchester . A can ya kasance malami a fannin shari'a da ilimin halin ɗan adam. A shekarar 1951 ne kuma ya wallafa littafinsa na farko mai suna “ *Nigerian Land Law and Custom* ”. 

## Rayuwar aiki

Elias ya ƙaura daga Manchester zuwa Oxford a 1954 lokacin da ya zama mabiyi a kungiyar Bincike na Oppenheimer a Cibiyar Nazarin Commonwealth, Kwalejin Nuffield da Gidan Sarauniya Elizabeth. Ya ci gaba da bincike a kan dokokin Najeriya kuma ya buga Groundwork of Nigerian Law a cikin wannan shekarar.  A cikin 1956 ya kasance malami mai ziyara a fannin kimiyyar siyasa a Jami'ar Delhi. Ya taka rawar gani wajen shirya kwasa-kwasan gwamnati, shari'a, da zamantakewar al'umma da kuma kafa Sashen Nazarin Afirka. Elias kuma ya yi karatu a jami'o'in Aligarh, Allahabad, Bombay, da Calcutta. A wannan shekarar kuma ya buga littattafai guda biyu, *Makers of Nigerian Law* and *The Nature of African Customary Law.* 

Ya koma Landan a shekara ta 1957 kuma an nada shi Gwamnan makarantar School of Oriental and African Studies. A matsayinsa na mai ba da shawara kan tsarin mulki da shari'a ga Majalisar Tarayyar Najeriya da Kamaru (wanda daga baya ya zama taron kasa na 'yan Najeriya), ya halarci taron kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya na 1958 a Landan. Ya kasance daya daga cikin wadanda suka tsara tsarin mulkin Najeriya.

A 1960 aka gayyaci Elias ya zama babban lauyan Najeriya kuma ministan shari’a.  Ya yi aiki a wannan matsayi a cikin dukan jamhuriyar farko. Ko da yake daga baya aka kore shi bayan juyin mulkin a watan Janairun 1966, an mai da shi bakin aiki a watan Nuwamba na wannan shekarar. 

Baya ga ba da gudummawa ga dokokin Najeriya da na Afirka, Elias ya dade yana taka rawa a fagen dokokin kasa da kasa.  Ya kasance memba a Hukumar Dokokin Kasa da Kasa ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya daga 1961 zuwa 1975, ya zama Janar Rapporteur daga 1965 zuwa 1966 kuma ya kasance shugabanta a 1970.  Ya kasance shugaban wakilan Najeriya da suka halarci taron da aka gudanar domin duba daftarin yarjejeniyar sasanta rikicin saka hannun jari tsakanin jihohi da ‘yan kasar a shekarar 1963 da kuma kwamitin musamman kan ka’idojin dokokin kasa da kasa da suka shafi dangantakar abokantaka da hadin gwiwa. tsakanin Jihohi a 1964. Ya kasance memba na Kwamitin Kwararru na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, wanda ya tsara kundin tsarin mulkin Kongo, 1961-1962. Ya kuma taimaka wajen tsara kundin tsarin mulkin kungiyar hadin kan Afirka (OAU), da kuma ka'idojinta na sasantawa, sulhu da sasantawa.  Elias ya kuma wakilci OAU da Najeriya a gaban kotun duniya a shari'ar da ta shafi matsayin Namibiya.  An zabe shi a matsayin abokin tarayya na Institut de droit international a 1969. Ya kasance Shugaban Kwamitin Gabaɗaya a taron Vienna kan Dokar Yarjejeniya a tsakanin (1968-1969). 

A 1966 an nada Elias Farfesa kuma shugaban tsangayar shari'a a Jami'ar Legas. Shekaru hudu a baya ya sami digiri na LLD daga Jami'ar London don aikinsa a kan dokokin Afirka da kuma dokokin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. (Zai ci gaba da samun digirin girmamawa na digiri 17 daga jami'o'i daban-daban na duniya ). Ya kasance daya daga cikin wadanda suka fara karbar lambar yabo ta kasa ta Najeriya a shekarar 1979. Yawancin ayyukansa akan batutuwan shari'a daban-daban  sun zamo darussan karatu a makarantun shari'a a Afirka  na tsoffin ƙasashen Burtaniya.

Daga baya a 1966, an sake nada Elias a matsayin babban Lauyan Najeriya kuma kwamishinan shari'a (a matsayin da ya rike yayin da ya ci gaba da zama Dean kuma Farfesa a Jami'ar Legas), har zuwa 1972, lokacin da ya zama Alkalin Alkalan Kotun Koli ta Najeriya. A karshen watan Yulin 1975 ne gwamnatin soja da ta karbi mulki a Najeriya ta kore shi daga wannan mukamin.

Bayan 'yan watanni (a cikin Oktoba 1975), Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya suka zabe shi a Kotun Duniya ta Hague.  A 1979, abokan aikinsa suka zabe shi mataimakin shugaban kasa a waccan kotun. A cikin 1981, bayan mutuwar Sir Humphrey Waldock, Shugaban Kotun, ya zama shugaban riko. A shekarar 1982, mambobin Kotun suka zabe shi Shugaban Kotun. Don haka ya zama masanin shari'a na farko na Afirka da ya sami wannan girma. Shekaru biyar bayan haka, an kuma nada Eliyas a Kotun Dindindin na Arbitration a Hague. 

## Mutuwa
Elias ya mutu a ranar 14 ga Agusta 1991,  a Lagos, Nigeria. Sunayen 'ya'yansa biyar su ne Gbolahan, Olusoji, Olufemi, Yeside da kuma Olufolake Elias.

## Duba kuma

* Kudurin Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai lamba 708

## Manazarta