Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu

**Jami'ar [[Afirka ta Kudu]]** (**UNISA**)  ita ce tsarin jami'a mafi girma a Afirka ta Kudu ta hanyar shiga. Yana jan hankalin kashi ɗaya bisa uku na dukkan daliban ilimi mafi girma a Afirka ta Kudu. Ta hanyar kwalejoji da alaƙa daban-daban, UNISA tana da ɗalibai sama da 400,000, gami da ɗaliban ƙasa da ƙasa daga ƙasashe 130 a duk duniya, suna mai da shi ɗaya daga cikin manyan jami'o'i na duniya kuma kawai irin wannan jami'a a Afirka.

A matsayinta na jami'a mai zurfi, Unisa tana ba da shirye-shiryen sana'a da na ilimi, da yawa daga cikinsu sun sami izini na kasa da kasa, da kuma sawun ƙasa mai zurfi. Jami'ar ta lissafa sanannun 'yan Afirka ta Kudu da yawa daga cikin tsofaffin ɗalibanta, gami da masu lashe Kyautar Nobel guda biyu: Nelson Mandela, shugaban farko da aka zaba ta hanyar dimokuradiyya na Afirka ta Kudu kuma Archbishop Desmond Tutu . 

An kafa shi a 1873 a matsayin Jami'ar Cape of Good Hope, Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu (ko Unisa kamar yadda aka fi sani da ita) ta yi amfani da mafi yawan tarihinta na farko a matsayin hukumar jarrabawa ga jami'o'in Oxford da Cambridge kuma a matsayin incubator wanda yawancin sauran jami'oʼi a Afirka ta Kudu suka fito. Shari'a a cikin 1916 ta kafa Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu mai cin gashin kanta (doka iri ɗaya ta kafa Jami'ar Stellenbosch da Jami'ar Cape Town a matsayin jami'o'i masu cin gashin kansu) a matsayin "laima" ko ma'aikatar tarayya tare da kujerarta a Pretoria, tana taka rawar kula da ilimi ga kwalejoji da yawa waɗanda daga ƙarshe suka zama jami'oʼi masu cin nasara. Kwalejin da ke ƙarƙashin kulawar UNISA sune Kwalejin Jami'ar Grey (Bloemfontein), Kwalejin Jama'ar Huguenot (Wellington), Kwaleji ta Jami'ar Natal (Pietermaritzburg), Kwalejii Jami'ar Rhodes (Grahamstown), Kwalejar Jami'ar Transvaal (Pretoria), Makarantar Ma'adinai da Fasaha ta Afirka ta Kudu (Johannesburg), da Kwalejin Kwalejin Ma'ar Potchefstroom .  A shekara ta 1959, tare da wucewar Dokar fadada Ilimi ta Jami'a, amincin UNISA ya kuma kai ga "jami'o'in baƙar fata" guda biyar, wato Jami'ar Zululand, Jami'ar Western Cape, Jami'an Arewa, Jami'a ta Durban-Westville, da Jami'ar Fort Hare. A shekara ta 1946, an ba UNISA sabon matsayi a matsayin jami'ar ilimi ta nesa, kuma a yau tana ba da takardar shaidar, difloma da karatun digiri  har zuwa matakin digiri.

A watan Janairun shekara ta 2004, Unisa ta haɗu da Technikon Kudancin Afirka (Technikon SA, polytechnic) kuma ta haɗa bangaren ilimi na nesa na Jami'ar Vista (VUDEC). Cibiyar da aka haɗu ta riƙe sunan *Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu*. Yanzu an shirya shi ta kwaleji da makaranta; duba ƙasa.

## Jami'a

### Waje
Cibiyar Muckleneuk ta Unisa tana cikin Pretoria kuma babbar alama ce ta babban birnin. A cikin 1972 ne Unisa ta koma sabon gidanta a kan Muckleneuk Ridge bayan ta bar tsoffin ɗakuna a tsakiyar Pretoria. Bryan Sandrock Architects ne ya tsara gine-ginen a cikin shekarun 1960 kuma yana nuna salon kasa da kasa wanda ke nuna girman gaske da ayyukan injiniya kamar tsarin cantilevered. Abu mafi ban sha'awa shine tsinkaye mai tsawo daga goshin tudun, wanda ke goyan bayan babban katako na ƙarfe wanda ke kwance a kan babban shafi.

Har ila yau a Pretoria shine harabar Sunnyside, babban yanki na ayyukan ɗalibai. Cibiyar Florida a Johannesburg ita ce harabar kimiyya ta Unisa. Kwalejin Aikin Gona da Kimiyya ta Muhalli da wasu sassan Kwalejin Kimiyya, Injiniya da Fasaha suna nan. Cibiyar kimiyya ta ƙunshi gine-gine 12, ɗakin karatu, dakuna biyu da babban wurin karatu. Har ila yau, ya haɗa da cibiyar horticultural da cibiyar bincike da horo mai ma'ana da aka tsara don biyan bukatun ilimi da bincike na ɗalibai a cikin shirye-shirye da suka haɗa da noma, kayan lambu masu ban sha'awa da kiyaye yanayi.

Jami'ar tana da cibiyoyin yanki bakwai a Afirka ta Kudu, suna ba da sabis ga ɗalibai a duk larduna tara. Waɗannan su ne:

* Gabashin Cape (Gabas ta London, Mthatha, Port Elizabeth) 
* Gauteng (Ekurhuleni, Florida, Johannesburg, Pretoria, Vaal Triangle) 
* Kwazulu-Natal (Durban, Newcastle, Pietermaritzburg, Richards Bay, Wild Coast Region) 
* Lardin Limpopo (Giyani, Makhado, Polokwane) 
* Midlands (Bloemfontein, Kimberley Kroonstad, Mafikeng, Potchefstroom, Rustenburg) 
* Mpumalanga (Middelburg, Nelspruit) 
* Yammacin Cape (Cape Town, George) 

### Dalibai da ma'aikata
Dangane da bayanan da aka cire daga ƙaddamar da Tsarin Bayanai na Gudanar da Ilimi mafi Girma (HEMIS) ga Ma'aikatar Ilimi da Horarwa mafi Girma, Unisa tana da dalibai 355,240 da suka shiga cikin 2013 daga Afirka ta Kudu, Afirka, da sauran jihohin duniya. Mafi yawan waɗannan ɗalibai sune Afirka ta Kudu, kasancewar kashi 91.4% (324,607) na jimlar ɗaliban da suka shiga. Kwalejin Tattalin Arziki da Kimiyya ta Gudanarwa (CEMS) ita ce mafi girma daga cikin kwalejoji takwas, tare da kashi 26.7% (94,972) na jimlar ɗaliban da suka yi rajista.

Dangane da wannan gabatarwar HEMIS, Unisa tana da ma'aikata 5,575 a cikin 2013. Ma'aikatan sun kunshi mata 3,261 (55.7%) da maza 2,593 (44.3%). Adadin 2011 daga Ma'aikatar Kididdiga da Bincike (DISA) a jami'ar ya nuna cewa yawancin ma'aikatan da aka yi amfani da su ba ma'aikatan gudanarwa ba ne, kasancewar kashi 56.8% (3,164). Adadin masu sana'a / masu bincike sun kai kashi 33.2% (1,846) na jimlar ma'aikatan da aka yi amfani da su.Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci ga editoci su lura da bayanan da ba a tabbatar da su ba a nan,

## Al'adu

Unisa ta kasance tana ingantawa da kuma gabatar da al'ada a duk bayyanarta tun lokacin da aka kafa ta a 1873. Baya ga darussan ilimi da Kwalejin Humanities ta Unisa ta bayar, an bi harshe mai amfani, fasaha da ƙwarewar kiɗa ta hanyar saitin darussan da aiwatar da darussan na musamman da gwaje-gwaje.

## Unisa Press
Unisa Press ita ce babbar jaridar jami'a a Afirka ta Kudu, tare da jerin manyan littattafai.

## Shahararrun ɗalibai

Fayil:Edwin_Cameron_in_robes.jpg|Edwin Cameron
Fayil:DenisGoldbergRJL.JPG|Denis Goldberg
Fayil:ChenjeraiHove2007.jpg|Chenjerai Hove
Fayil:Antjie_Krog_2021.jpg|Antjie Krog
Fayil:Nelson_Mandela-2008_(edit).jpg|Nelson Mandela
Fayil:Gifty_Oware-Aboagye_NSS.jpg|alt=Gifty Oware-Mensah|Mai Kyau Oware-Mensah
Fayil:Moseneke.jpg|Dikgang Moseneke
Fayil:Barney_Pityana.jpg|Barney Pityana
Fayil:Mamphele_Ramphele_3.jpg|Mamphela Ramphele
Fayil:Prime_Minister_Sunak_met_with_President_Ramaphosa_of_South_Africa_in_Number_10_-_2022_(cropped).jpg|Cyril Ramaphosa
Fayil:Archbishop-Tutu-medium.jpg|Desmond Tutu


## Rashin jituwa
A ranar 17 ga Oktoba 2021, wani rahoto na ma'aikatar da aka ɓoye ya yi iƙirarin cewa cin hanci da rashawa a Unisa ya lalata ingancin ilimi, kuma ya nuna haɗarin cewa ma'aikalin ya zama "ma'aikatun ƙwarewa".   Blade Nzimande, Ministan Ilimi, Kimiyya da Fasaha, ya sake nazarin da'awar cewa Unisa ta zama Ma'aikatar difloma saboda rashin kulawa. A ranar 19 ga Oktoba 2021, Unisa ta fitar da wata sanarwa da ke ƙoƙarin "gyara" waɗannan da'awar.

Jami'ar ta yi alfaharin kasancewa cibiyar da ta ba da damar samun ilimi mai zurfi ga dukkan mutane, ba tare da la'akari da launin fata ko launi ba, musamman idan aka ba da tarihin wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu. Tarihinsa mai arziki ya haɗa da cakuda daban-daban na sanannun tsofaffi da sanannun. Wannan asalin UNISA ya kasance mafi karfi da kuma kyakkyawar jan hankali cewa yana buɗewa, mai sassauci kuma yana da araha don haka yana biyan bukatun al'ummomin da suka fi fama da talauci. Koyaya, shekarar tunawa da Jami'ar a cikin 2023 ta lalace ta hanyar rikice-rikice da yawa da rashin nasarar cika aikinta da manufofin dabarun yayin da take murna da shekaru 150 na wanzuwarta. Wadannan rikice-rikice sun haifar da rahoton Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam, Rahoton Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatar, kuma yanzu wannan rahoton Mai Bincike Mai Zaman Kanta, dukansu ba su gabatar da kyakkyawan hangen nesa ga Jami'ar ba. [1]  A cewar rahoton, matsalolin UNISA sun bayyana a cikin shekara ta 2015, tare da rahotanni game da ƙalubalen da ke cikin gwamnati, gudanarwa da ingancin samar da ilimi mafi girma kamar zarge-zargen lalacewar gwamnati, rashin kwanciyar hankali na gudanarwar zartarwa; ci gaba da korafe-korafe game da batutuwan gudanar da dalibai; ƙarancin tallafin da aka ware; ƙididdigar ƙididdigatattun damuwa game da ingancin wadatar ilimi na malamai; matakan tallafi da aka bayar ga ɗalibai a cikin mahallin ilmantarwa mai nisa; da damuwa game da tsarin tsara rajista.

## Bayanan da aka ambata