Yanayin ƙasar Sweden

Sweden kasa ce a Arewacin Turai da ke yankin Scandinavian Peninsula.  Tana iyaka da Norway zuwa yamma (wanda shine ɗayan maƙwabtan Sweden waɗanda ba EU ba);  Finland zuwa arewa maso gabas;  da Tekun Baltic da Gulf of Bothnia a kudu da gabas.  A fadin murabba'in kilomita 450,295 (sq 173,860 sq mi), Sweden ita ce ƙasa mafi girma a Arewacin Turai, ta biyar mafi girma a Turai, kuma ƙasa ta 55 mafi girma a duniya.

Sweden tana da dogon bakin teku mai tsawon kilomita 3,218 (2,000 mi) a gabas, da sarkar tsaunukan Scandinavia (Skanderna) a kan iyakarta ta yamma, ta raba ta da Norway.  Tana da iyakokin ruwa tare da Denmark, Jamus, Poland, Rasha (wani maƙwabciyar EU) Lithuania, Latvia da Estonia, kuma tana da alaƙa da Denmark (kudu maso yamma) ta gadar Öresund.  Tana da Yankin Tattalin Arziki Na Musamman na murabba'in kilomita 160,885 (62,118 sq mi).

Much of Sweden is heavily forested, with 69% of the country being forest and woodland, while farmland constitutes only 8% of land use. Sweden consists of 39,960&nbsp;km2 
of water area, constituting around 95,700 lakes.[A] The lakes are sometimes used for water power plants, especially the large northern rivers and lakes.

Yawancin arewa da yammacin tsakiyar Sweden sun ƙunshi manyan yankuna masu tsaunuka da tsaunuka masu suna Norrland terrain .  Daga kudu ba a ga canjin zuwa Yankin Norrland ba kawai a cikin taimako ba har ma a cikin gandun daji masu faɗi da ke kusa da shi waɗanda suka shimfiɗa a arewacinsa  tare da till da peat kasancewa mafi yawan Nau'ikan ƙasa. 

Kudancin yankin Norrland yana da tsaunuka na tsakiya na Sweden wanda ke samar da babban belin gabas zuwa yamma daga Gothenburg zuwa Stockholm. Wannan ita ce al'adun gargajiya na Sweden saboda yawan jama'arta da albarkatun noma. Yankin ya samar da belin ƙasa mai kyau wanda ya dace da aikin gona wanda ke katse gandun dajin da filayen da aka rufe a arewa da kudu. Kafin fadada aikin gona, wadannan ƙasa masu kyau an rufe su da gandun daji mai laushi inda maples, oaks, toka, ƙananan lemun tsami da Hazel na yau da kullun suka girma. Yankin tsakiya na Sweden duk da haka yana dauke da ƙasa mara inganci, musamman a cikin tuddai inda Scots pine da Norway spruce ke girma a saman ƙasa mai laushi. Aikin noma baya, yankin yana amfana kuma daga kusanci da wutar lantarki, gandun daji da albarkatun ma'adanai na bergslagen. Tafkuna huɗu mafi girma a Sweden, Vänern, Vättern, Mälaren da Hjälmaren, suna cikin ƙasƙanci.

A kudancin tsakiyar ƙasar Sweden akwai tsaunuka na Kudancin Sweden  wanda ban da rashin kwari mai zurfi yayi kama da Yankin Norrland da aka samu a arewacin Sweden.  Matsayi mafi girma na tsaunuka yana a 377 m. Yanayin ƙasa mara kyau ya haifar da matsaloli masu yawa ga noma a cikin tsaunuka, ma'ana cewa a tsawon lokaci ƙananan masana'antu sun zama da mahimmanci a cikin tattalin arzikin yankin.

Kudancin Sweden ya ƙunshi wuri mai faɗi daban-daban tare da filayen da tuddai. Wani sashi na tsaunuka masu tsawo yana gudana a fadin Scania daga arewa maso yamma zuwa kudu maso gabas. Wadannan tuddai sune tuddai da ke kusa da Yankin Tornquist .  Wasu daga cikin horsts sune Halland" id="mwmw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Hallandsåsen">Hallandsåsen, Römelåsen da Söderåsen .  Filayen Scania da Halland sun kai kashi 10% na filayen noma na Sweden kuma sune babban filin noma na kasar. Samun aiki yana da dangi sosai ga sauran Sweden kuma ya fi kama da na ƙasashen kudancin Turai. Shuke-shuke na halitta sun hada da gandun daji mai laushi kodayake shuke-shuka na conifer sun zama ruwan dare. Kudancin Sweden yana da mafi girman dabba da tsire-tsire daban-daban na Sweden.  

tsibirai biyu mafi girma sune Gotland da Öland a kudu maso gabas. Sun bambanta da sauran Sweden ta hanyar kasancewa da dutse mai laushi da marl tare da ciyayi na Alvar wanda ya dace da ƙasar tsibirin. Gotland da Öland suna da siffofin ƙasa waɗanda suke da wuya ko babu su a ƙasar Sweden. Wadannan sun hada da tsaunuka masu aiki da aka gani a sassan gabar tekun yamma, tarin teku da ake kira *[[Rauk|Rauks]]* da manyan tsarin kogo.

### Yankuna

Sweden tana da larduna 25 ko landskap ("landscapes"), bisa ga al'adu, yanayin ƙasa da tarihi: Bohuslän, Blekinge, Dalarna, Dalsland, Gotland, Gästrikland, Halland, Hälsingland, Härjedalen, Jämtland, Lapland, Medelpad, Norrbotten, Närke, Skåne, Småland, Södermanland, Uppland, Värmland, Västland, Västerbotten, Östergötland" id="mw6w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Västergötland">Västergötland, Ångermanland, Ögötland.

Duk da yake waɗannan larduna ba sa aiki da siyasa ko manufa ta gudanarwa, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa ga sanin kansu na mutane. Ana yawan haɗa larduna tare a cikin manyan ƙasashe uku (*Landdelar*): arewacin Norrland, tsakiyar Svealand da kudancin Götaland. Yankin Norrland da ke da ƙarancin jama'a ya ƙunshi kusan kashi 60% na ƙasar.

### Yankuna

A fannin gudanarwa, an raba Sweden zuwa yankuna 21, ko län. A cikin kowace gundumar akwai Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Gundumar, ko *länsstyrelse*, *Landan* gwamnatin ƙasa ta nada.

A cikin kowace gundumar akwai kuma Majalisar Gundumar daban, ko yanki (kafin 1 ga Janairu 2020 da ake kira landsting), wanda shine wakilcin birni da masu jefa kuri'a na gundumar suka nada.

* K = Gundumar Blekinge
* W = Gundumar Dalarna
* I = Gundumar Gotland
* X = Gävleborg County
* N = Halland CountyGundumar Halland
* Z = Gundumar Jämtland
* F = Gundumar Jönköping
* H = Kalmar CountyGundumar Kalmar
* G = Gundumar Kronoberg
* BD = Gundumar Norrbotten
* M = Gundumar Skåne
* AB = Gundumar Stockholm
* D = Gundumar Södermanland
* C = Gundumar Uppsala
* S = Gundumar Värmland
* AC = Västerbotten CountyGundumar Västerbotten
* Y = Gundumar Västernorrland
* U = Gundumar Västmanland
* O = Västra Götaland CountyGundumar Västra Götaland
* T = Gundumar Örebro
* E = Gundumar Östergötland

Harafin da aka nuna sun kasance a kan lambobin rajistar motoci har zuwa 1973.

### Manyan hukumomi

Kowace gundumar ta ci gaba da raba zuwa kananan hukumomi ko *kommuner*, daga daya kawai (a cikin Gotland County) zuwa arba'in da tara (a cikin Västra Götaland County). Adadin kananan hukumomi ya kai 290.

Gundumar arewa galibi suna da girma, amma suna da ƙananan jama'a - mafi girma shine Kiruna tare da yanki mai girma kamar larduna uku na kudancin Sweden (Scania, Blekinge da 2" href="./Halland" id="mwAUE" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Halland">Halland) tare, amma kawai yana da yawan mutane 25,000, kuma yawanta kusan 1 / km2.

## Yawan jama'a
Sweden tana da yawan mutane miliyan 10 a watan Janairun 2017. Yankin arewacin tsaunuka ba shi da yawan jama'a fiye da yankunan kudanci da na tsakiya, wani bangare saboda lokacin rani yana da tsawo a kudu, kuma wannan shine inda aka kafa masana'antun noma masu nasara. Wani dalili na tarihi an ce shine kusanci da ake so ga manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci da abokan tarayya a nahiyar Turai, misali Jamus. A sakamakon haka, duk yankuna bakwai na birane a Sweden tare da yawan mutane 100,000 ko fiye, suna cikin kudancin rabin ƙasar.
 
Birane da garuruwa a Sweden ba siyasa ba ne ko hukumomin gudanarwa; maimakon haka yankuna ne ko birane, masu zaman kansu daga Yankunan birane. Birni mafi girma, dangane da yawan jama'a, shine babban birnin Stockholm, a gabas, birni mafi girma ga al'adu da kafofin watsa labarai, tare da yawan mutane 1,250,000. Birni na biyu mafi girma shine Gothenburg, tare da 510,500, a yamma. Na uku mafi girma shine Malmö a kudu, tare da 258,000. Birni mafi girma a arewa shine Umeå tare da mazauna 76,000 .

## Albarkatun halitta
Abubuwan da ke cikin Sweden sun haɗa da jan ƙarfe, zinariya, wutar lantarki, ƙarfe, gubar, azurfa, katako, uranium, da zinc.

## Muhalli

Ruwan acid ya zama matsala saboda yana lalata ƙasa da tabkuna kuma yana gurɓata Tekun Arewa da Tekun Baltic. An yi amfani da samfurin jigilar ruwa na HBV don nazarin fitar da abinci mai gina jiki zuwa Baltic daga ruwa mai gudana.

### Yanayi

Yawancin Sweden suna da yanayi mai sanyi, duk da latitude na arewa, tare da yanayi daban-daban guda huɗu da yanayin zafi a duk shekara. Lokacin hunturu a kudancin kudu yawanci yana da rauni kuma ana nuna shi ne kawai ta hanyar wasu gajeren lokaci tare da dusar ƙanƙara da yanayin zafi, kaka na iya zama bazara a can, ba tare da wani lokaci na hunturu ba. Yankunan arewacin kasar suna da yanayi na subarctic yayin da sassan tsakiya suna da Yanayin zafi na nahiyar. Za'a iya bayyana kudancin bakin teku a matsayin samun ko dai Yanayin zafi na nahiyar ta amfani da isotherm na 0 ° C, ko Yanayin teku ta amfani da -3 ° C isotherm.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Due to the increased maritime moderation in the peninsular south, summer differences between the coastlines of the southernmost and northernmost regions are about  in summer and  in winter. This grows further when comparing areas in the northern interior where the winter difference in the far north is about  throughout the country. The warmest summers usually happen in the Mälaren Valley around Stockholm due to the vast landmass shielding the middle east coast from Atlantic low-pressure systems in July compared to the south and west. Daytime highs in Sweden's municipal seats vary from  to  in July and  to  in January. The colder temperatures are influenced by the higher elevation in the northern interior. At sea level instead, the coldest average highs range from  to . As a result of the mild summers, the arctic region of Norrbotten has some of the northernmost agriculture in the world.

Sweden tana da zafi sosai kuma ta bushe fiye da sauran wurare a irin wannan latitude, har ma da ɗan nisa kudu, galibi saboda haɗuwa da Gulf Stream  da kuma iska ta yamma gaba ɗaya, wanda ya haifar da jagorancin juyawa na duniya. Yammacin yammacin nahiyar (wanda duk Scandinavia ke cikinsa, a matsayin mafi yammacin ɓangaren Nahiyar Eurasia), suna da zafi fiye da gabas na gabas; ana iya ganin wannan ta hanyar kwatanta misali biranen Kanada na Vancouver da Halifax, Nova Scotia da juna, hunturu a yammacin bakin tekun Vancouver ya fi sauƙi; Hakanan, alal misali, tsakiya da kudancin Sweden suna da hunturu mai sauƙi fiye da sassa da yawa na Rasha, Kanada, da arewacin Amurka. Saboda babban latitude na Sweden, tsawon hasken rana ya bambanta sosai. Arewacin Arctic Circle, rana ba ta faɗuwa a kowane lokacin rani, kuma ba ya tashi a kowane hunturu ba. A cikin babban birnin, Stockholm, hasken rana yana da fiye da awanni 18 a ƙarshen Yuni amma kusan awanni 6 ne kawai a ƙarshen Disamba. Sweden tana karɓar tsakanin sa'o'i 1,100 da 1,900 na hasken rana a kowace shekara.

Mafi girman zafin jiki da aka taɓa yin rikodin a Sweden ya kasance  ° C (100 ° F) a Målilla a watan Yunin 1947,  rikodin da aka raba tare da Ultuna a Uppland. Yawan zafin jiki mafi sanyi da aka taɓa yin rikodin shine -52.6   a Vuoggatjålme a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu 1966. Yanayin zafi da ake sa ran a Sweden yana da tasiri sosai daga babban ƙasar Fennoscandian, da kuma nahiyar Turai da yammacin Rasha, wanda ke ba da damar iska mai zafi ko mai sanyi don sauƙin jigilar zuwa Sweden. Wannan, bi da bi, yana nuna yawancin yankunan kudancin Sweden suna da lokacin zafi fiye da kusan ko'ina a cikin Tsibirin Burtaniya da ke kusa, har ma da daidaita yanayin zafi da aka samu a bakin tekun Atlantika har zuwa kudu kamar a arewacin Spain. A cikin hunturu, duk da haka, irin wannan tsarin matsin lamba wani lokacin yana sanya duk ƙasar ƙasa da yanayin sanyi. Akwai wasu matsakaici na teku daga Tekun Atlantika wanda ke sa yanayin Sweden ya fi tsanani fiye da na Rasha da ke kusa. Kodayake yanayin zafin jiki ya bambanta tsakanin arewa da kudu, yanayin bazara yana da kama da juna a duk faɗin ƙasar duk da manyan bambance-bambance na latitudinal. Wannan ya faru ne saboda kudancin yana kewaye da ruwa mai yawa, tare da Tekun Baltic da iska ta Atlantic da ke wucewa a kan yankunan da ke ƙasa daga kudu maso yamma.

Baya ga ƙanƙara mara ƙanƙara da ke kawo iskar ruwa zuwa cikin yanayin sanyi na Sweden, ana yin bayanin tawali'u ta hanyar tsarin ƙarancin matsin lamba da ke jinkirta lokacin hunturu, tare da dogon dare sau da yawa yana tsayawa sama da daskarewa a kudancin ƙasar saboda yawan rufewar girgije.  A lokacin hunturu a ƙarshe ya ƙare, hasken rana yana tashi da sauri, yana tabbatar da cewa yanayin zafi na rana yana tashi da sauri a cikin bazara.  Tare da mafi yawan adadin dare mai haske, sanyi ya kasance wuri na kowa a kudu har zuwa ƙarshen Afrilu.  Lokacin sanyi na sanyi yana faruwa a lokacin da tsarin rashin ƙarfi ya fi rauni.  Misali shi ne cewa watan da ya fi yin sanyi (Janairu 1987) a Stockholm kuma shi ne watan Janairu mafi rana da aka yi rikodin..

Ƙarfin dangi na tsarin matsin lamba na ruwa da na nahiyar kuma suna bayyana lokacin rani mai yawa. Lokacin da iska mai zafi ta mamaye ƙasar, kwanakin da gajerun dare galibi suna kawo yanayin zafi har zuwa  ° C (86 ° F) ko sama da haka har ma a yankunan bakin teku. Dare yawanci yana da sanyi, musamman a yankunan cikin gida. Yankunan bakin teku na iya ganin abin da ake kira *dare na wurare masu zafi* sama da  ° C (68 ° F) ya faru ne saboda tasirin teku mai matsakaici a lokacin bazara mai zafi. Lokacin bazara na iya zama mai sanyi, musamman a arewacin kasar. Lokaci na canji yawanci suna da yawa kuma yanayin yanayi na hudu ya shafi mafi yawan yankin Sweden, sai dai a Scania inda wasu shekaru ba su yi rikodin hunturu na yanayi ba (duba tebur da ke ƙasa) ko kuma a cikin tsaunukan Lapland masu tsawo inda yanayin yanayi yake.

A matsakaita, yawancin Sweden suna karɓar hazo tsakanin 500 zuwa 800 mm (20 da 31 in) na hazo kowace shekara, yana mai da shi bushewa sosai fiye da matsakaicin duniya.  Yankin Kudu-maso-Yamma na ƙasar yana samun ƙarin hazo, tsakanin 1,000 zuwa 1,200 mm (39 da 47 in), kuma an kiyasta wasu yankunan tsaunuka a arewa za su samu har zuwa mm 2,000 (79 in).  Duk da wurare na arewa, kudanci da tsakiyar Sweden na iya samun kusan babu dusar ƙanƙara a wasu lokutan sanyi.  Yawancin Sweden suna cikin inuwar ruwan sama na tsaunin Scandinavian ta Norway da arewa maso yammacin Sweden.  Katange iska mai sanyi da rigar a lokacin rani, da kuma mafi girman ƙasa, yana haifar da zafi da bushewar lokacin rani mai nisa a arewacin ƙasar, tare da lokacin zafi sosai a bakin tekun Bothnia Bay mai nisan digiri 65, wanda ba a taɓa jin labarin sauran wurare a duniya ba a irin wannan bakin tekun na arewa.**Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayi ta Sweden, matsakaicin yanayin zafi na SMHI na wasu tashoshin yanayi - don sabon cikakken kimiyya na shekaru talatin 1961-1990** Za a gabatar da shi a cikin shekara ta 2020. Ana rarraba tashoshin yanayi daga kudu zuwa arewa ta lambobi.

## Abubuwa masu tsanani
KebnekaiseSmygehukStora DrammenKatajaTreriksrösetVattenriketClass=notpage Minene maki na SwedenMatsanancin wuraren Sweden sun haɗa da daidaitawa waɗanda ke da nisa a arewa, kudu, gabas da yamma a Sweden, da waɗanda suke a mafi girma da mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin ƙasar.  Ba kamar Norway da Denmark ba, Sweden ba ta da yankuna na waje waɗanda za a iya la'akari da su a ciki ko wajen ƙasar dangane da ma'anar, ma'ana cewa matsananciyar wuraren Sweden ba su da tabbas.

An bayyana latitude da longitude a cikin ƙididdigar digiri na goma, wanda ƙimar latitude mai kyau ke nufin Arewacin Hemisphere, kuma ƙimar da ba ta dace ba tana nufin Kudancin Hemispheric. Bugu da ƙari, ƙimar tsawo mara kyau tana nufin ƙasa a ƙasa da matakin teku. Hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin wannan labarin sun samo asali ne daga Google Earth, wanda ke amfani da World Geodetic System (WGS) 84, tsarin bincike na geodetic.&nbsp;

Yankin arewacin Sweden shine Treriksröset, a lardin Lapland,  inda iyakokin Sweden, Norway, da Finland suka hadu. Birnin Sweden mafi kusa da yankin shine Kiruna, wanda shine birni mafi arewacin Sweden. Yankin kudancin Sweden yana cikin tashar jiragen ruwa na ƙauyen kamun kifi Smygehuk, kusa da birnin Trelleborg,  wanda ke kan iyaka da Tekun Baltic.  A tashar jiragen ruwa, alamar alama tana nuna ainihin matsayin ma'anar, da kuma nisan zuwa Treriksröset, Stockholm, Berlin, Paris, da Moscow.

Yankin yammacin Sweden yana kan Stora Drammen, wani tsibiri a Skagerrak a wajen bakin tekun Bohuslän .  Tsuntsaye na teku da hatimi na tashar jiragen ruwa suna da mazauna a kan tsibirin, amma mutane ba su zaune a ciki. Yankin gabashin Sweden yana kan Kataja,  wani tsibiri a kudancin Haparanda a cikin Bothnian Bay.  An raba tsibirin tsakanin Sweden da Finland. An kafa iyakar a cikin 1809, bayan Yaƙin Finland, tsakanin abin da ya kasance tsibirai biyu a baya, ɗayan Sweden da ake kira Kataja da ƙaramin Finnish da ake kira Inakari . Tun daga 1809, sake dawowa bayan dusar ƙanƙara ya sa matakin teku a yankin ya sauka dangane da matakin ƙasa, ya haɗu da tsibirai biyu. Idan aka ƙidaya ƙasar kawai, Stensvik a Strömstad shine mafi yammacin Sweden, kuma Sundholmen a Haparanda shine mafi gabashin gabashin.

Matsayi mafi girma a Sweden shine arewacin Kebnekaise, wanda ke tsaye a mita 2,097 (6,880 . Yana cikin jerin tsaunuka na Scandinavia, a lardin Lapland .  Dutsen yana da tsaunuka biyu, wanda kudancin kudancin ya kasance har zuwa kwanan nan mafi girma a sama da mita 2,100 (6,890 . Babbar kankara a kan kudancin ta ragu da sauri; saboda haka taron ba shi da tsayi kamar yadda ya gabata. Ya kasance mita 2,104 (6,903  a shekara ta 2008. Dutsen arewa, wanda ke tsaye a mita 2,097 (6,880 , ba shi da kankara. Sauran maki na kwatankwacin tsawo a kusa da Kebnekaise sun haɗa da Sarektjåkka a mita 2,089 (6,854 , da Kaskasatjåkka da mita 2,076 (6,811 . 

### Sufuri
Sufuri na jama'a kawai.

* kafin 1751: ba a bayyana ba (ƙayyadadden iyaka) 
* 1751-1809: Nuorgam, Finland