Frances Parker

**Frances Mary** "Fanny" Parker Samfuri (24 Disamba 1875 – 19 Janairu 1924) wata 'yar asalin New Zealand ce kuma mai fafutukar samun 'yancin mata, wadda ta yi fice a bangaren masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na yakin neman 'yancin mata a Scotland, inda aka daure ta sau da dama saboda ayyukanta.

## Rayuwar farko
An haife ta a Little Roderick, Kurow, Otago, New Zealand, tana ɗaya daga cikin yara biyar na Harry Rainy Parker da matarsa, Frances Emily Jane Kitchener. Iyalinta sun zauna a Waihao Downs Homestead daga 1870 zuwa 1895, lokacin da suka ƙaura zuwa Little Roderick.  Little Roderick yanki ne na Peak Peak a arewacin kogin Waitaki, gundumar Waimate (ba a cikin Kurow ba, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a wani wuri). Parker ya fito daga wani wuri mai kyau kuma ya kasance 'yar'uwar Field-Marshal Lord Kitchener . Kitchener ya zo New Zealand don ba da shawara ga Gwamnatin New Zealand game da tsaro a 1910; a watan Fabrairu Kitchener ya tafi Rotorua tare da 'yar uwarsa Mrs Parker (mahaifiyar Faransa) da kuma Mista Harry Parker.

Mahaifiyarta ta mutu a London a shekara ta 1925, kuma ta yi imanin cewa ɗan'uwanta yana raye kuma yana fursuna a Jamus. 

A New Zealand, an ba wa mata damar yin amfani da sunan kamfani a ranar 19 ga Satumba 1893 kuma sun kada kuri'a a karon farko a zaben da aka gudanar a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba 1893. Parker ya bar New Zealand a 1896 don yin karatu a Kwalejin Newnham, Cambridge . Kudin karatunta a can kawunta ne ya biya.  Ta sami digiri a cikin 1899, kuma daga baya ta shafe shekaru da yawa tana aiki a matsayin malami a New Zealand.

## Suffrage aiki
Lokacin da ta koma Biritaniya, Parker ta fara yakin neman zaben mata, da farko a matsayin mai magana tare da Kungiyar Matan Mata ta Jami'o'in Scotland, [1] kuma daga baya tare da Kungiyar Matan Mata da Siyasa ta Emmeline Pankhurst, wanda ta zama mai shiryawa a Yammacin Scotland a 1912. [2] A cikin Oktoba da Nuwamba 1911, ta yi yakin neman zabe a Kilmarnock da Ayrshire North. [1]

Parker ta shiga cikin ayyukan tsageru, wanda aka daure ta a kurkuku sau da yawa. Ta yi aiki makonni shida don toshewa a cikin 1908 bayan zanga-zangar. Daga baya an yanke mata hukuncin daurin watanni hudu a gidan yarin Holloway a watan Maris na 1912 bayan ta shiga wani hari da WSPU ta shirya na lalata tagar. Parker ta bi sahun sauran masu zaɓe a cikin ƙin yarda da sanya hannunta a kan wani zane, a ƙarƙashin idanun rigar yaƙi, wanda yanzu ake kira The Suffragette Handkerchief .  Kamar yawancin masu jefa kuri'a ta tafi yajin cin abinci kuma an tilasta musu ciyarwa . 

Daga baya waccan shekarar an ɗaure ta sau biyu, sau ɗaya don fasa tagogi, kuma sau ɗaya don kutsawa cikin Dandalin Kiɗa a Aberdeen da niyyar tarwatsa bayyanar David Lloyd George . A lokuta biyun an sake ta bayan ta tafi yajin yunwa na kwanaki da yawa.

A shekara ta 1914, motsin kuri'a yana ƙara zama tashin hankali, tare da yawancin gine-ginen da ke kusa da Biritaniya ana jefa bam da kone. A cikin watan Yuli na wannan shekarar, Parker da abokin yakin neman zabe, Ethel Moorhead sun yi yunkurin cinna wuta a Burns Cottage a Alloway .  Wani mai gadi yana bakin aiki, kuma yayin da Moorhead ya tsere, an kama Parker. Yayin da take tsare ta tafi yajin yunwa da kishirwa. Sanin cewa babu wata dama ta sake kama ta idan aka sake ta, sai mahukuntan gidan yarin suka yi mata mugun hali na ciyar da ita; lokacin da ta kasa rike abinci, sai suka yi yunkurin ciyar da ita ta duburarta, wanda hakan ya haifar da mugun rauni.  An samu cece-kuce lokacin da Parker ta yi rubutu game da mugunyar da ta yi mata a shekarar 1914 a cikin jaridar *Votes for Women*, a karkashin sunan 'Janet Parker'.  Ta yi rashin lafiya sosai lokacin da aka sallame ta zuwa gidan jinya, amma har yanzu ta sami damar tserewa.

Parker had been given a Hunger Strike Medal "for Valour" by WSPU.

Kafin a sake kwato ta yakin duniya na farko ya barke, wanda ya haifar da kawo karshen yakin neman zabe da kuma yin afuwa ga masu zabe. 

A lokacin yakin, Parker ya yi aiki a Rundunar Matan Sojan Mata kuma an ba shi OBE . Bayan yakin ta zauna a Arcachon, kusa da Bordeaux, inda ta mutu a 1924. Parker ta bar lambar yabo ta Hunger Strike ga kawarta kuma abokin aikinta, Ethel Moorhead.

## Gado
A cikin 2014, Victoria Bianchi ta rubuta wasan kwaikwayo, *CauseWay*, bisa ga ƙoƙarin Parker da Moorhead na busa Burns Cottage shekaru 100 da suka gabata. An yi wasan ne a gidan tarihi na Robert Burns Birthplace Museum da ke Alloway. 

A cikin 2016, Gidan Tarihi na New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa ya sayi lambar yabo ta Parker, Medal na Social Social and Political Union Medal for Valor, daga gidan gwanjo a Scotland kuma zai nuna shi a gidan kayan gargajiya a Wellington . Ana tsammanin ita ce kawai lambar yabo wacce ke da haɗin New Zealand. 

Suffragette Handkerchief tare da sa hannu na Parker da sunaye ko baƙaƙe 67 ana iya ganin su a Firist House, West Hoathly, Sussex. 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin sunayen masu zaɓe da masu zaɓe
* Zaɓen mata a New Zealand

## Manazarta

## Kara karantawa

* Leah Leneman, 'Parker, Frances Mary (1875-1924), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004,  , shiga 2007-09-17