Yaƙin Republican akan Kimiyya

**Yaƙin Kimiyya na Republican** shine 2005 na Chris Mooney, ɗan jarida ɗan Amurka wanda ke mai da hankali kan siyasar kimiyya. A cikin littafin, Mooney ya yi magana game da matsayin shugabancin jam'iyyar Republican game da kimiyya, musamman ma na gwamnatin George W. Bush, game da batutuwa irin su kin amincewa da sauyin yanayi, ƙira mai hankali, ilimin halittu, madadin magani, gurɓataccen yanayi, rabuwa da coci da jihohi, da kuma tallafin gwamnati na ilimi, bincike, da kare muhalli. Littafin ya ba da hujjar cewa gudanarwa a kai a kai na gurɓata da/ko hana binciken kimiyya don cimma manufofinta na siyasa.

An sake duba littafin a cikin Kimiyya da Magungunan Halitta da kuma shahararrun jaridu. An nuna shi a bangon Littafin Bita na The New York Times kuma an zaɓi shi a matsayin "Zaɓin Edita" ta The New York Times, wanda ya bayyana shi a matsayin "[a] bincike na gaskiya game da binciken kimiyya da hanyoyin yin karo da ayyukan siyasa."

Mai shirya fim Morgan Spurlock (na Super Size Me shahara) ya zaɓi haƙƙoƙin littafin don ƙirƙirar fim ɗin gaskiya, amma a cikin 2008 ya ba da sanarwar cewa ya fitar da zaɓi.

## Sharhi

### A cikin mujallolin kimiyya
Wani bita a cikin Kimiyya ta Naomi Oreskes ta ce marubucin ya ba da labarin kamfen na shekaru 20 da "'yan Republican masu tasiri - da farko a cikin Majalisa da kuma a yanzu kuma a cikin Fadar White House - tare da ƙulla abokantaka a masana'antu masu zaman kansu da ƙungiyoyin Kirista masu tsattsauran ra'ayi" don ƙaryatãwa game da bayanan kimiyya da suka shafi manufofin jama'a. Ta ba da jerin batutuwa masu zuwa: " ruwan sama na acid, ɗumamar duniya, ingancin kwaroron roba wajen hana yaduwar cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i, tasirin kiwon lafiya na yawan sukari da kitse, alaƙar da ake zargi tsakanin zubar da ciki da cutar kansar nono, matsayin nau'ikan da ke cikin haɗari, ingancin shirye-shiryen abstinence-kawai na ilimin jima'i, hanyoyin warkewa, yuwuwar ƙwayoyin manya da ƙari." Oreskes ya ci gaba da yin bayani dalla-dalla dabarun da aka yi amfani da su a yunƙurin ɓatar da jama'a da 'yan siyasa, "batar da muhawara ta ainihi, ƙara yawan rashin tabbas, tsoma baki tare da ayyukan hukumomin ƙwararru, ƙaho ra'ayoyin masana kimiyya waɗanda ba a cika samun fassarar su a cikin wallafe-wallafen wallafe-wallafen ba, da kuma kai hari ga mutuncin masana na gaske." Ta bayyana cewa Mooney ya nuna cewa kamfen ɗin ba da labari da yawa sun haɗa da mutane da ƙungiyoyi iri ɗaya. Oreskes ya kammala da cewa, "Littafin Mooney ya bayyana a sarari cewa idan mutane masu hankali suka tsaya a gefe, za a iya yada manyan maganganun banza."

Michael Stebbins ya rubuta a cikin Magungunan Halittu: "Wannan littafin ya kamata ya zama mummunan tashin hankali ga al'ummar kimiyya da jama'ar Amurka." Ya bayyana cewa Mooney "ya yi rubuce-rubuce mai ban sha'awa game da tushen ƙoƙarin da ake yi na rage tasirin kimiyya akan manufofin ƙasa da kuma yadda masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da ke aiki a madadin jam'iyyar Republican ke siyasantar da manufofin kimiyyar Amurka." Ya lura cewa marubucin ya rubuta a fili game da " hare-haren gwamnatocin Bush game da amincin bayanan kimiyya " ya lissafa misalai da suka hada da wasu daga cikin wadanda Oreskes ya ambata da kuma "karkatar da Dokar Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace da Dokar Kayayyakin Kaya, da kuma tara hukumomi da kwamitocin shawarwari tare da masu ra'ayin akida." Stebbins ya yaba wa littafin tare da samar da mahallin ta hanyar ba da cikakken bayani game da dabarun da "'yan Republican masu ra'ayin mazan jiya" ke amfani da su tare da kafa tushen waɗannan fasahohin da ba su da tushe tare da misalai daga shekaru 40 da suka gabata. Ya ci gaba da bayyana cewa, "Takardun Mooney na yin amfani da ilimin kimiyya da gangan a bangaren masu ra'ayin mazan jiya don dacewa da ajanda yana da goyon baya sosai kuma yana tayar da hankali." Stebbins ya yi magana kan sukar littafin guda biyu: na farko, cewa bai bayyana ilimin kimiyyar da ke tattare da shi ba, wanda ya bayyana ba manufar littafin ba ne, na biyu kuma, cewa bai yi cikakken bayani kan yadda 'yan Democrat da masu sassaucin ra'ayi suka yi amfani da kimiyya ba, wanda ya yi watsi da shi a matsayin rashin gaskiya. Ya sami matsala tare da babi na ƙarshe, wanda ya ba da shawarar mafita, yana mai cewa, "Shawarwarinsa suna da kyau kuma an yi la'akari da su sosai, amma sun fi dacewa da tunani fiye da ainihin manufar littafin."

Daniel Sarewitz ya ba da labarin littafin a cikin bita a cikin Batutuwan Kimiyya da Fasaha, yana mai bayyana shi a matsayin "mai ban tsoro mai ban tsoro a matsayin kariya ga tsabtar kimiyya."

## Manazarta