John Brumby

**John Mansfield Brumby** AO (an haife shi 21 Afrilu 1953) shine Shugaban Jami'ar La Trobe na yanzu kuma tsohon ɗan siyasan Labour Party na Victoria wanda ya kasance Firimiyan Victoria daga 2007 zuwa 2010. Ya zama shugaban Jam'iyyar Labour ta Victoria kuma Firayim Minista bayan murabus na Steve Bracks . Ya kuma zama Ministan Harkokin Tsohon Sojoji da Ministan Al’adu da yawa . Ya yi takarar zabensa na farko a matsayin firayim minista a zaben jihar Victoria na Nuwamba 2010 . Jam'iyyar Liberal/National Coalition karkashin jagorancin Ted Baillieu ta ci gwamnatinsa. Brumby ya yi murabus a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar Labour bayan zaben, a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, wanda Daniel Andrews ya maye gurbinsa. A cikin makonni na wannan canjin shugabanci, Brumby ya bar majalisar, tare da zaben fidda gwani na Broadmeadows da aka yi a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu 2011.

A halin yanzu Brumby shine shugaban kasa na Majalisar Kasuwancin China ta Australia .

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Brumby a Melbourne a ranar 21 ga Afrilu 1953.  Yana ɗaya daga cikin yara huɗu da Alison Aird da Malcolm Brumby suka haifa. Mahaifinsa tsohon sojan ruwa ne na yakin duniya na biyu kuma akawu mai haya wanda ya zama manajan daraktan dillalin takalma Ezywalkin. A cikin 1970s iyayensa sun ƙaura zuwa wani wurin kiwo kusa da Coleraine, Victoria, inda mahaifinsa ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Majalisar Wannon Shire a cikin 1990s.  

Brumby ya girma a unguwar Ivanhoe .  Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Grammar Ivanhoe sannan daga baya, Makarantar Grammar Melbourne . Ya kammala karatunsa na kasuwanci ( BCom ) a Jami'ar Melbourne, a 1974; kuma ya kammala Diploma na Ilimi (DipEd) a Kwalejin Jihar Victoria a Rusden, a cikin 1975. 

Brumby malami ne a makarantar sakandare ta Eaglehawk, a Bendigo, daga 1976 zuwa 1979. Daga 1979 zuwa 1983 ma'aikaci ne na kungiyar malamai ta Victoria. Ya kuma yi aiki a jam'iyyar Labour .

## Sana'ar siyasa

### Dan majalisar tarayya
A cikin 1983 an zabe Brumby a Majalisar Wakilai ta Australiya don kujerar Bendigo, wanda ya rike har sai da ya sha kaye a 1990. Memba na Jam'iyyar Labour, ya kasance mai goyon bayan Firayim Minista Bob Hawke kuma mai adawa da bangaren Socialist Left, wanda tarihi yana da karfi a reshen Victoria na Jam'iyyar Labour.

Daga nan sai Brumby ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kafin a nada shi shugaban ma’aikata ga Ministan Albarkatu da yawon bude ido na tarayya, Alan Griffiths tare da alhakin bunkasa manufofi a fannoni kamar makamashi, man fetur, ma'adanai da yawon shakatawa. Ya rike wannan mukamin har zuwa watan Fabrairun 1993, lokacin da aka zabe shi a Majalisar Dokoki ta Victoria a zaben cike gurbi na kujerar Lardin Doutta Galla a yammacin Melbourne.

### Jagoran 'yan adawar jihar
Gwamnatin Labour ta Victoria Joan Kirner ta sha kaye a zaben jihar Oktoba na 1992 ta jam'iyyar Liberal Party karkashin jagorancin Jeff Kennett . Kirner ta yi murabus a matsayin shugabar bayan wani ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma mataimakinta Jim Kennan ya gaje shi. Lokacin da Kennan ya yi murabus daga majalisar a watan Yunin 1993, an zabi Brumby wanda zai gaje shi. Ya yi murabus daga Majalisar Dokoki kuma an zabe shi a Majalisar Dokoki ta Victoria a zaben cike gurbi na kujerar Kennan na Broadmeadows a arewacin Melbourne. 

A cikin 1996, Brumby ya yi adawa da shirin gwamnatin jihar Kennett na ƙaura na Gidan Tarihi na Jiha zuwa Gidan Lambuna na Carlton da ke kusa da Ginin Nunin Sarauta . A wannan lokacin, Brumby ya fara ba da shawarar cewa Gine-ginen Nunin Sarauta da Lambuna na Carlton za a zaɓa don jerin abubuwan tarihi na duniya . Gwamnatin jihar Kennett Liberal ta yi adawa da zaben nadin kayan tarihi na duniya a lokacin. Sai bayan zaben jihar na shekarar 1999 ne gwamnatin Bracks Labour ta gabatar da sunayen wadanda aka zaba tare da samun jerin sunayen wuraren tarihi na duniya.

Daga 1993 zuwa 1996 Brumby yayi aiki don maido da arzikin ma'aikata a Victoria. Rashin nasarar da gwamnatin kwadago ta tarayya ta yi a watan Maris na 1996 ya sa Kennett ya kira zaben jaha da wuri makonni uku bayan haka. Jam’iyyar Labour ta samu kujeru biyu ne kawai, inda ta bar kujeru 20 a bayan jam’iyyar Coalition. An yi iƙirarin cewa wannan shan kashi ya yi wa Brumby baya a matsayin shugaba. An maye gurbin Brumby daga baya a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar Labour a cikin Maris 1999, ya yarda ya yi murabus don goyon bayan Shadow Treasurer Steve Bracks .

### Gwamnatin Brack

Steve Bracks ya ci zabe da kyar a zaben jihar da Kennett ya kira a watan Satumba na 1999 ya nada Brumby a matsayin Ministan Kudi, Mataimakin Ma'ajin kudi da Ministan Cigaban Jiha da Yanki . Brumby ya kafa wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar jagoranci na manyan ministoci a cikin sabuwar gwamnati tare da Bracks, Mataimakin Firayim Minista John Thwaites da Attorney-Janar Rob Hulls . Bracks da farko yayi aiki a matsayin ma'ajin kuɗi kuma Firayim Minista, wanda Brumby ya taimaka wa wanda ke da alhakin kuɗaɗen Victoria da mafi yawan nauyin aikin Fayil ɗin Baitulmali. A ranar 22 ga Mayu 2000, an nada Brumby ma'ajin jiha .

A matsayinsa na ma'ajin, Brumby ya jagoranci ci gaban tattalin arziki mai dorewa a Victoria, kuma an ba da tsarin tafiyar da tattalin arzikinsa wasu daga cikin lamuni, tare da farin jini na Bracks, don sake zaɓen jam'iyyar Labour a 2002 da 2006. Brumby ya tabbatar da cewa Gwamnatin Labour ta kiyaye rarar kasafin kuɗi.

A lokacin 2004 Brumby ya sha suka daga 'yan adawar Liberal na jihar saboda karuwar yawan harajin filaye a Victoria, wanda mutane da yawa suka soki saboda yiwuwar yin barazana ga yuwuwar kananan 'yan kasuwa da yawa. An rage yawan harajin ƙasa a cikin kasafin kuɗin jihar na 2005. Da yake fuskantar zaɓi na samun kuɗin samar da ababen more rayuwa a kan ci gaban makarantun Victoria, asibitoci da sufurin jama'a, Brumby ya yanke shawarar sanya haraji kan sabon Scoresby Freeway (wanda aka fi sani da EastLink ) a gabashin Melbourne. Matakin, wanda ya karya alkawarin da aka yi gabanin zaben shekarar 2002, ya janyo martani mai zafi daga ‘yan adawa masu sassaucin ra’ayi da kungiyoyin al’ummar yankin tare da sanya gwamnatin tarayya (Liberal) ta hana kasonta na kudaden gudanar da aikin.

## Premier na Victoria

A kan 27 Yuli 2007 Firayim Ministan Victorian, Steve Bracks, ya sanar da ritayarsa daga siyasa, yana ambaton dalilan iyali na yanke shawara. Shi ma mataimakin firaministan kasar John Thwaites ya sanar da murabus din nasa a wannan rana. Na 30&nbsp;An zabi Yuli Brumby ba tare da hamayya ba a matsayin shugaba, kuma an rantsar da shi a matsayin firayim minista a wannan rana tare da Atoni-Janar Rob Hulls a matsayin mataimakinsa.

Brumby har ma ya sami amincewar Jeff Kennett, mutumin da ya yi ƙoƙarin hambarar da shi a matsayin Firayim Minista a zaben 1996. 

Kalubale na farko ya faru a cikin Nuwamba 2007 lokacin da dan majalisar Labour Tammy Lobato ya soki Brumby a bainar jama'a game da shawarar da majalisar zartarwa ta yanke na ba da damar shuka canola na asali a Victoria .   An kuma ce wasu 'yan majalisar Labour na jihar sun nuna bacin ransu game da yadda Brumby ke bibiyar lamarin, musamman yadda ya yi zargin ya bi hanyar dogo. 

Martanin da Brumby ya bayar game da shirin da Firaiministan jam'iyyar Liberal Party na lokacin John Howard ya gabatar na cewa gwamnatin tarayya ta karbe iko da mashigin Murray-Darling Basin daga jahohi shi ma wani batu ne na farko. Karkashin Firayim Ministan da ya gabata, Steve Bracks, Victoria ita ce kadai jihar da ta ki amincewa da shirin Howard. Bayan zaben ranar 24&nbsp;Nuwamba 2007 na sabuwar Australian Labor Party iko da gwamnatin tarayya Brumby amince da Victoria zuwa wani gyara shirin a kan 26 Maris 2008. 

A cikin Afrilu 2008 ya sami yabo da yawa game da yunkurin da ya yi na karya na'urar caca ta Victorian da ta fara a cikin 2012.   Ƙungiya ta sami goyon baya musamman ta ƙungiyoyi irin su Interchurch Caca Taskforce da Associationungiyar Otal ɗin Ostiraliya .  Wasu damuwa, duk da haka, an taso cewa yanke shawara zai iya haifar da sakamakon da'awar diyya ta $ 1 biliyan daga kamfanonin da ke tsaye don rasa matsayinsu na duopoly sakamakon yanke shawara, Tattersalls da Tabcorp . Sai dai gwamnatin ta musanta cewa duk wani da'awar biyan diyya za ta yi nasara.  

A cikin Mayu 2008, biyo bayan rahoton aukuwar tashin hankali da yawa a cikin sanduna da kulake na Melbourne daban-daban a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, Brumby ya ba da sanarwar dokar hana fita da ƙarfe 2 na safe a mashaya, mashaya da kulake na birnin Melbourne .  Yunkurin ya haifar da adawa mai yawa, tare da masu gudanar da wuraren da aka kaddamar da cin nasara na shari'a ga dokar,  da magoya bayan sun yi zanga-zangar a wajen gidan majalisar dokokin jihar .  Brumby ya sanar da watsi da shirin a cikin Nuwamba 2008, bayan karuwar tashin hankali wanda dokar ta yi niyya don hanawa.  Masu sukar tsarin dokar hana fita da ake kira shirin populist da regressive, ba tare da damuwa da tasiri ga yawancin masu shiga kulob din da ba su haifar da tashin hankali ba.  Daga baya, canje-canjen lasisin giya ya shafi wuraren kiɗa na raye-raye, musamman tare da The Tote Hotel (a cikin wasu) suna iƙirarin cewa an tilasta musu rufewa yayin da ma'aikacin ba zai iya samun damar tallafawa ƙarin ma'aikatan da ake buƙata a ƙarƙashin canje-canje ga doka ba. Masu sukar sun yi iƙirarin cewa ire-iren wuraren ba sau da yawa ba su da matsala ga 'yan sanda, kuma ba a tsara sauye-sauyen dokoki da aiwatar da su ba.  

A shekarar 2008 gwamnatin Brumby ta zartar da wata doka da ta haramta zubar da ciki. 

Ya tsaya takara a matsayin Firimiya a zaben jihar Victoria na Nuwamba 2010 kuma jam'iyyar Liberal/National Coalition karkashin jagorancin Ted Baillieu ta kayar da gwamnatinsa.

A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, Brumby ya sanar da cewa ya tsaya a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar Labour a Victoria, kuma jam'iyyar Labour ta majalisar za ta hadu a ranar 3 ga Disamba don zaben sabon shugaba da ma'aikatar inuwa.  An rantsar da Ted Baillieu a matsayin Firayim Minista a ranar 2 ga Disamba a hukumance ya kawo karshen wa'adin Brumby, tare da Brumby ya yi murabus daga majalisar a ranar 21 ga Disamba. 

## Bayan aikin siyasa
Bayan murabus dinsa daga majalisa, an nada Brumby a matsayin Mataimakin Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Monash da Jami'ar Melbourne,  shugaban Kamfanin Kasuwancin Kasuwanci na Ostiraliya Superannuation Fund, memba na GST Distribution Review panel na gwamnatin tarayya,  da kuma darektan Huawei a Australia.  A cikin 2017 an nada shi Jami'in Dokar Ostiraliya don sabis na musamman ga Majalisar Dokokin Victoria, don gudanar da harkokin tattalin arziki da fasahar kere-kere, don inganta ayyukan karkara da yanki, da kuma al'umma.  A halin yanzu shi ne shugaban Majalisar Kasuwancin China ta Ostireliya na kasa.

A cikin Fabrairu 2019, Brumby ya yi murabus daga hukumar Huawei kuma  a cikin Maris 2019 ya ɗauki nadinsa a matsayin Shugaban Jami'ar La Trobe . 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
John Brumby ya auri Rosemary McKenzie kuma yana da 'ya'ya uku. Mahaifinsa, Malcolm Brumby, ya mutu daga bugun jini a ranar 26 ga Satumba 2010. 

## Manazarta