Ossie Enekwe

**Ossie Enekwe**, an haife shi **Onuora Osmond Enekwechi** Listenⓘ ( a ranar 12 ga watan Nuwamba 1942 - 29 ga Afrilu 2010), mai wasan kwaikwayo ne na Najeriya, mawaki, marubuci, kuma farfesa a fannin wasan kwaikwayo. 

Ya kasance tsohon mataimakin shugaban kungiyar marubuta na Najeriya (ANA) da kuma tsohon darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Afirka a Jami'ar Najeriya da ke Nsukka (1998-2004).  Ya taimaka wajen kafa Sashen Ayyuka na Jami'ar Najeriya.

Enekwe shi ne editan **'Okike'': Jaridar Afirka ta Sabon Rubuce-rubuce'' daga 1984 zuwa 2010, bayan wanda ya kafa shi, [[Chinua Achebe]], wanda ya kafa ta a shekarar 1971. Lokacin da Enekwe ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 2010, ya mika editan Okike ga [[Amechi Akwanya]] . 

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Ossie Enekwe a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 1942, a Affa a [[Udi]] LGA, [[Enugu (jiha)|Jihar Enugu]] ga iyalin Albert Nkomatolu Enekwe.

Ya fara ilimi a makarantar St. Patrick, [[Ogbette]], Enugu, a 1949, ya ci gaba har zuwa 1952, kuma daga 1955 zuwa 1957. Daga nan ya halarci Makarantar Ruhu Mai Tsarki, Ogui, Enugu, 1953; Makarantar St. Mary, [[Uwani]], Enugu، 1954; Makarantar Sakandare ta Trinity, [[Oguta]], 1958-62 da Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka, 1964-72. 

Enekwe ya zama Masanin Gidauniyar bayan ya sami shiga sashen Ingilishi a Kwalejin Fasaha ta jami'ar, kuma, an mayar da shi kuɗin makaranta na shekara ta farko kuma jami'ar ta biya kuɗin makaranta na gaba. A matsayinsa na dalibi na digiri, sau da yawa yakan je harabar tare da guitar da aka buga a kafaɗarsa.

A cikin 1963-64, ya yi aiki a matsayin magatakarda a aji na uku a Ma'aikatar Karamar Hukumar a [[Enugu TV]]. A shekara mai zuwa, ya kafa kulob din kiɗa mai suna "Kiss Me Quick" kuma ya riga ya fara bayyana a gidan talabijin na Enugu a cikin jerin Ossie Melody . Enekwe ta kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Gabashin Najeriya daga 1963 zuwa 1967. 

Farawa a 1966, har zuwa barkewar [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin basasar Najeriya]], ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da kyauta ga [[Christian Radio, Enugu|Rediyon Kirista, Enugu]] . Wannan tashar rediyo tana da alaƙa da [[UTLF]], tashar Muryar Bishara a [[Addis Ababa]], Habasha . 

A lokacin yakin basasar Najeriya wanda ya kasance daga 1967 har zuwa Janairu 1970, an yi amfani da Enekwe a ɗaya daga cikin rassan [[Biyafara|Biafra]] kuma ana yawan ganin shi yana wasa da guitar don ba da ta'aziyya ga dakarun da 'yan gudun hijira. A wannan lokacin ne ya haɓaka kyakkyawar dangantaka da kuma Achebe ya jagoranci shi. 

Yayinda yake dalibi a shekarar 1970, Enekwe ya kafa gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Oak, ƙungiyar zane-zane da aka ambata a cikin The Cambridge Guide to World Theatre, wanda Martin Banham ya shirya. Ya gayyaci shugabansu, Farfesa Kalu Uka, wanda a lokacin shi ne shugaban sashen, don zama darektan ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo.

Enekwe ya kammala karatunsa a Sashen Turanci a UNN tare da girmamawa na aji na biyu, Upper Division a shekarar 1971. Nan da nan ya sami matsayi a matsayin masanin Ingilishi a Kwalejin St. Peter a [[Achina, Anambra]], Najeriya. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, an nada shi a matsayin Junior Research Fellow a Sashen Turanci a Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka . 

== Farkon aiki ==
Farawa daga 1972, Enekwe ya ɗauki karatun digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Columbia, New York, kuma an ba shi kyautar rubuce-rubuce. A lokacin da yake can, Enekwe ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa Columbia Reader a shekara ta 1974, yana aiki a matsayin editan farko. Bugu da ƙari, ya haɗa kai da The Greenfield Review don shirya fitowar 14th Annual African Poetry. 

Enekwe ta sami digiri da yawa daga Columbia, gami da MFA a rubuce (1974), M.Phil. a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo (1977) kuma a ƙarshe, PhD a cikin gidan wasa (1982).  Rubutun digirinsa ya nuna alaƙar kwayoyin halitta tsakanin al'ada da wasan kwaikwayo. An buga rubutun a matsayin littafi mai taken Igbo Masks: The Oneness of Ritual and Theatre (1987). [[UNESCO]] ta lissafa littafin a matsayin rubutu na gargajiya a cikin ilimin ɗan adam.

Enekwe malami ne kuma masanin a fannonin rubuce-rubuce masu kirkiro, wasan kwaikwayo, da adabi sama da shekaru talatin. Ya koyar a Jami'ar Najeriya da kuma cibiyoyin ilimi daban-daban a Amurka. A duk lokacin da yake koyarwa, ya rike mukamai daban-daban, ciki har da Junior Research Fellow a Sashen Turanci, Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka; Mataimakin Malami a cikin Littattafan Afirka-Amurka a Jami'ar Birnin New York (1973-76) da Jami'ar Fairleigh Dickinson a [[New Jersey]], Amurka (1977). Ya kuma kasance Mataimakin A cikin Littattafan Afirka da Amurka a Jami'ar Columbia da ke New York (1977-78) kuma ya tashi daga matsayi daga Malami 1 (1978) zuwa Babban Malami a Sashen Ingilishi a Jami'an Najeriya, Nsukka a 1980. 

Shirin wasan kwaikwayo a Jami'ar Najeriya an fara shi ne a cikin Sashen Turanci, inda aka koyar da shi a matsayin nau'in adabi. A shekara ta 1975, lokacin da Enekwe ke neman digiri na Master of Philosophy a Jami'ar Columbia, Dokta D.I. Nwoga, Shugaban Sashen Turanci a Jami'an Najeriya, ya gayyace shi ya koma alma mater. Farfesa Emmanuel N. Obiechina da Achebe sun kuma goyi bayan bukatar, wadanda suka karfafa Enekwe don taimakawa wajen kafa sabon Sashen Dramatic Arts. Duk da kokarin da Bernard Beckerman ya yi na riƙe shi, Enekwe ya yi murabus daga matsayinsa a Columbia a matsayin alamar girmamawa ga masu ba da shawara na ilimi. Ya koma Jami'ar Najeriya a shekara ta 1978 kuma, tare da Dokta J.N. Amankulor, Mista Kalu Uka (yanzu Farfesa Kalu Uka), da Dom Asomba, sun haɓaka tsarin karatun sabon Sashen, wanda ya zama ƙungiya mai zaman kanta daban daga Sashen Turanci a cikin shekara ta ilimi ta 1982/83.

Amankulor shine mai tsarawa na farko na Sashen (1983-1986). An nada Enekwe a matsayin mai kula da zane-zane a Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka a shekarar 1986 har zuwa 1989. An ɗaga Sub-Sashen zuwa cikakken sashen a shekara ta 2004. 

== Gudanar da mataki / wasan kwaikwayo ==
Yawancin kwanakin Enekwe an yi amfani da su a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da kuma tallafin karatu. A cikin 1980, Ma'aikatar Turanci, a ƙarƙashin Achebe, ta ba shi cikakken goyon baya ga wasan kwaikwayo na Oak na [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]'s Macbeth wanda ƙungiyar Enekwe ta zagaya makarantun sakandare a Gabashin Najeriya. Tun da farko, an shirya shi ne don taron Jami'ar Najeriya na 1980. 

A shekara ta 1984, Enekwe ya ba da umarnin The Trial of Dedan Kimathi ta Ngugi wa Thiong'o da Micere Mugo, a matsayin wasan taro ga Jami'ar Najeriya. Da yake sha'awar samarwar, Mataimakin Shugaban kasa na lokacin, Farfesa Frank Nwachukwu Ndili, tare da goyon bayan Alhaji Ali Mungono, Shugaban Shugaban kasa na wancan lokacin, ya ba wa ƙungiyar Enekwe cikakken tallafin kuɗi da kayan aiki wanda ya ba su damar yin aiki a manyan cibiyoyin, gami da [[Jami'ar Benin]], [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo]], Ile-Ife, Jami'iyyar Ibadan, Jami'an Legas, da Jami'an Port Harcourt. 

Har ila yau, ƙungiyar ta yi a [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Abuja]], a ƙarƙashin ikon ministocin marigayi Janar [[Mamman Jiya Vatsa|Mamman Vatsa]] . Don haka, samar da The Trial of Dedan Kimathi wanda Enekwe ya ba da umarni shine samar da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na zamani na farko a Abuja, Babban Birnin.  A cikin maganganunsa, Vatsa ya ce samarwar za ta tabbatar wa 'yan Najeriya gaskiyar Babban Birnin Abuja. A cikin wani rahoto na Sashen Ayyuka na Dramatic zuwa Kwamitin Ziyarar da ke karkashin jagorancin Mai Shari'a Robert Okara, mai kula da Sashen Amankulor na lokacin, ya ce:
 
Kafin fitowar ƙwararrun malaman wasan kwaikwayo da masu aiki, kamar marigayi Farfesa J.N. Amankulor, Kalu Uka (yanzu Farfesa Kalu Uka), Dokta Chimalum Nwankwo, [[Esiaba Irobi|Asiyaba Irobi]], Eni-Jones Umuko da Osy Okagbue, da dai sauransu, Sashen Dramatic Arts ya kasance ƙudan zuma, yana gabatar da wasannin da yawa waɗanda suka taɓa al'adun wasan kwaikwayo daban-daban, suna ba da damar membobin su cika kansu.

Ma'aikatan ilimi da dalibai sun shiga a matsayin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo,' yan wasan kwaikwayo, da sauransu a cikin shirye-shiryen. A cikin waɗannan shekarun, suna da shirye-shirye na yau da kullun da tsakar rana, a ƙarƙashin sunan gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Noon, a cikin Ginin Paul Robeson inda ɗalibai ke yin abin da aka koya musu. An ƙarfafa su su rubuta wasan kwaikwayo, su jagoranta su ko kuma su taka wasu rawar da ta dace.

A cikin 1997 da 1998, ƙungiyar ta ci gaba da yawon shakatawa biyu masu nasara, a gayyatar da Shell Petroleum Club a [[Warri]], don shirya Enekwe's Dance of Restoration, wanda Felix Egwuda ya jagoranta, da Asiyaba Irobi's ''Nwokedi'', wanda Oyibo Eze ya jagorantar.

Enekwe ya gudanar da yawon shakatawa da yawa. Ayyukansa na jagora sun haɗa da Wole Soyinka's The Trial of Brother Jero, Jewels of the Shrine by Ene Henshaw, The Trial na Dedan Kimathi by Ngugi Wa Thiong'o da Micere Mugo, wanda shine wasan kwaikwayo na farko na zamani a Abuja, Babban Birnin Najeriya. Ya kuma ba da umarnin Edward Albee's The Zoo Story, Shakespeare's Macbeth, The Marriage of Anasewa by Efua Sutherland, da kuma waƙarsa, Marching to Kilimanjaro . 

Kungiyoyin rawa guda biyu da ya yi aiki tare da su sun zagaya Amurka da Turai. Ya kuma rubuta kuma ya tsara wasan kwaikwayo da yawa na rawa, daya daga cikinsu an fara yi shi a Jami'ar Colgate, Hamilton, New York, a cikin 1992, kuma a Shell Club, Warri, Najeriya, a cikin 1997. 

Ya kasance mai ba da shawara darektan Jami'ar Najeriya Comedy Squad . Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo na Enekwe sun tabbatar da tunaninsa na kirkira da kuma tsarin darektan da aka sanar da shi ta hanyar kulawa da cikakkun bayanai.

== Gudummawar ilimi / wallafe-wallafen ==
An sanya Enekwe cikakken farfesa na zane-zane a shekarar 1988. Bayan shekaru da yawa na aikace-aikace zuwa Makarantar Postgraduate ta Jami'ar Najeriya, MA, PhD da D.Phil. shirye-shiryen zane-zane na wasan kwaikwayo wanda Enekwe ya tsara an amince da su.

Yana da sha'awar rubuce-rubucen Afirka, na Afirka da Amurka. Waƙoƙinsa da gajerun labaru sun bayyana a cikin manyan litattafan wallafe-wallafen duniya, sanannun su ne ''Almanakh Afirka'' (1982); African Rhapsody: Short Stories of Contemporary African Experience (1974); Dobsirao Moi Nigeria Koltok (Lament of the Drums); Contemporary Nigerian Poets (1977); Anthropology of Contemporary Africa Poetry (1993). 

Enekwe's "Happy Baby" shi ne waka mai kyau a cikin Ghana Senior Secondary School English, Littafin 1, wanda aka buga wa Gwamnatin Ghana ta Oxford University Press (1991). Yawancin gajerun tatsuniyoyinsa da waƙoƙinsa an fassara su zuwa Faransanci, Italiyanci, Mutanen Espanya, Serbian, Hungarian da sauran harsuna da yawa. An lissafa shi a cikin masu ba da shawara ga edita a cikin mujallu da yawa, na gida da na duniya, kuma laccocinsa da rubuce-rubucen ilimi sun yi wahayi zuwa ga mutane da yawa. 

A shekara ta 1984, Achebe ya nada Enekwe editan **'Okike*: Jaridar Afirka ta Sabon Rubuce-rubuce*; Achebe ta kafa mujallar a shekara ta 1971. Lokacin da Enekwe ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 2010, ya mika editan Okike ga Akwanya . 

Ka'idodin Dance a Najeriya (1991) sun bayyana abubuwa da yawa masu mahimmanci da ɓoyayyun fasalulluka na wasan kwaikwayo da rawa. Enekwe ya yi jayayya game da wanzuwar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya na Afirka kamar yadda ya saba da ra'ayi da aka yi a yammacin duniya game da rashin wanzuwarsa. Ya nuna babban kasancewar kungiyoyin gargajiya a waje da matakin masu sauraro masu daraja a yankunan yammacin Najeriya.[1] Ayyukansa sun nuna bambancin sana'a wanda ke sarrafa ba'a da ayyuka masu ban mamaki don haifar da sakamako mai ban mamaki. Kwarewarsa ta kirkira da wallafe-wallafen ya bayyana wallafe-finai na Afirka da sukar wallafe-walfinai.

Enekwe ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa ga neman ingancin ilimi da gina al'umma ta hanyar wasan kwaikwayo. Ya tsara wani gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Afirka wanda ya bambanta da ka'idodin Aristotle ta amfani da al'adar rufe fuska ta Igbo. Ya sami ta hanyar ayyukansa da yawa, musamman nazarin abin rufe fuska na Igbo, wanda ya haifar da hadin kan al'ada da wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin ɗaya, ya ba da gudummawa sosai a fannin karatun wasan kwaikwayo. An dauki aikin a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyau a fagen ilimin Igbo. Enekwe ya kasance a kan gaba a cikin motsi don kyawawan Afirka masu zaman kansu waɗanda aka 'yantar da su daga yanayin ka'idojin yamma da nuna bambanci wanda ke hana shigar da gudummawar Afirka a cikin juyin halitta na gidan wasan kwaikwayo, adabi da al'adun duniya. Enekwe ya bar alamun da ba za a iya mantawa da su ba a cikin ayyukansa daban-daban waɗanda ke nuna littattafai da mujallu masu daraja. Ayyukansa na ilmantarwa, musamman zane-zane da shayari, suna da yawa.

A watan Satumbar 2007, Enekwe ya gabatar da jawabin buɗewa na 25 na Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka mai taken, "Beyond Entertainment: A Reflection on Drama and Theatre".

A cikin 2008, GMT Emezue ta shirya wani littafi mai kama da Festschrift mai taken, Critical Approaches (Volume Two): Onuora Ossie Enekwe . Littafin ya mai da hankali kan ayyukan Enekwe, yana kimanta ƙwarewar sana'arsa da *Ruwa* nazarin abubuwan da ke cikin rubuce-rubucensa.

## Nomin gudanarwa / cibiyoyin
Baya ga maganganunsa masu ban sha'awa, Enekwe yana da lokaci don yin aiki a wurare da yawa don ci gaban ilimi mafi girma a Najeriya. Ya kasance shugaban, Majalisar Gudanarwa, Kwalejin Ilimi, Eha Amufu, Jihar Enugu, Najeriya (1987-1989), kuma, Mataimakin Dean na Arts, Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka . Ya karfafa wadannan cibiyoyin kuma ya kafa tushe mai ƙarfi don fadada cikin sauri a cikin wurare da kuma ɗalibai da malamai. Ya kasance shugaban kafa kwamitin aiwatar da hanyoyin sufuri na Jami'ar Najeriya.

Enekwe ya kafa cibiyar bincike ta farko a Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka . Cibiyar Bincike ta Enekwe, wacce ke riƙe da tarin abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da na zamani, ta ci gaba da taimakawa dalibai da masu bincike na nau'o'i daban-daban. 

A matsayinsa na darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Afirka ta Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka, matsayin da ya rike daga 1998 zuwa 2004, Enekwe ya ɗaga sautin bincike a cibiyar, ta hanyar sake farfado da ababen more rayuwa na bincike, da kuma karfafa ƙarin alkawuran bincike.

Enekwe ya kasance a cikin kwamitin ƙwararru na ƙasa a kan gidan wasan kwaikwayo na al'umma don tattara jama'a daga 1981 zuwa 1988, kuma ya kasance memba na Kwamitin Shirye-shiryen Gwamnatin Tarayya don Taron Kasa da Kasa na Littattafan Afirka don girmama Farfesa Wole Soyinka . Ya kuma kasance shugaban kungiyar waka ta Okigbo a Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka . Ya gudanar da shafi na yau da kullun a cikin jaridu na Sunday Punch daga 1987 zuwa 1989. Daga 1988 zuwa 1991, ya kasance mataimakin shugaban kungiyar marubuta na Najeriya.

## Kyaututtuka
Kyaututtuka sun hada da:

* Jami'ar Najeriya Junior Research Fellowship 
* Jami'ar Columbia Writing Fellowship 
* Gudanar da Ilimi na Gabas ta Tsakiya 

Ya lashe kyautar Silver Gong don Dramatized Poetry a Turanci a bikin fasaha na 6 a Maiduguri a 1983, da kuma kyautar Silver Gong saboda gajeren labarinsa, War in the Head . 

A matsayinsa na malamin Ingilishi da wasan kwaikwayo, ya motsa ɗalibansa su nemi matsayi na ilimi tare da mai da hankali.

## Shekaru na baya
Achebe ya sanya Enekwe babban edita na jaridar *Okike* a shekara ta 2006.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Enekwe Kirista ne mai himma. Ya kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Maza Kirista, Majalisar Laity da Legion of Mary of St. Peter's Chaplaincy, UNN . Ya gudanar da ayyukan legionary tare da abokinsa, Farfesa On disput . Ya kasance memba na Knight na St. Molumba, Najeriya . An san Enekwe da ziyartar gidajen jarirai marasa uwa sau da yawa. A shafi na uku na Gentle Birds, Come to Me, ya ce:

Enekwe ya auri Josephine Chioma Enekwe (née Adinde) a shekara ta 1974 kuma suna da 'ya'ya mata shida (Uche, Chinwe, Chioma, Ginika, Olivia da Sylvia) da ɗa (Osinachi Albert Enekwe) da jikoki da yawa.

Ya mutu a ranar 29 ga Afrilu 2010. 

## Ayyuka

* *Wole Soyinka a matsayin Mawallafi* (1975) 
* *Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya na zamani: Menene Hadisi?* (1978)
* *Gilashin da suka fashe* (1977) 
* *Ka zo Thunder* (1984) 
* *Minstrelsy a Igboland* (2002) 
* *Yaƙin Ƙarshe da Sauran Labarai* (1996) 
* *Ka'idodin Dance a Najeriya: Gabatarwa* (1991) 
* *Rashin Dan Adam*
* *Masks na Igbo: Haɗin Kai na Ritual da Wasan kwaikwayo* (1987) 
* *Cin amana a cikin Wasanni Biyu na Gwaje-gwaje* (1992) 
* *Hanyoyi a cikin Ma'adinai: Rayuwa da Ayyuka na Edmund B.O. Nwasike* (2000) 
* *Tafiya zuwa Kilimanjaro* (2005) 
* *Tsuntsaye masu tausayi, Ku zo wurina* (2007) 

## Manazarta