John Lennon

**John Winston Ono Lennon**  (an haife shi **John Winston Lennon** ; 9 Oktoba 1940  A ranar 8 ga Disamba, 1980) mawaki ne kuma ɗan fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan Ingila. Ya shahara a duniya a matsayin wanda ya kafa, kuma babban mawaƙi kuma mai kida na Beatles . Haɗin gwiwar rubuta waƙa da Lennon da Paul McCartney ya kasance mafi nasara a tarihi. 

An haife shi a Liverpool, Lennon ya shiga cikin sha'awar wasan skiffle tun yana matashi. A shekarar 1956, ya kafa Quarrymen, wanda ya rikide ya zama Beatles a shekarar 1960. Da farko shi ne shugaban ƙungiyar, rawar da a hankali ya yi kama da ya miƙa wa McCartney, yana rubutawa da rubuta waƙoƙi tare da ƙara ƙirƙira, ciki har da " Strawberry Fields Forever ", wanda daga baya ya ambaci aikinsa mafi kyau tare da ƙungiyar. Nan da nan Lennon ya faɗaɗa aikinsa zuwa wasu kafofin watsa labarai ta hanyar shiga cikin fina-finai da yawa, ciki har da How I Won the War (1967), da kuma rubuta In His Own Write (1964) da A Spanish in the Works (1965), duka tarin rubuce-rubuce marasa amfani da zane-zane. Farawa da " All You Need Is Love ", an ɗauki waƙoƙinsa a matsayin waƙoƙi ta hanyar ƙungiyar anti-war da kuma al'adun counterculture na shekarun 1960 .

A shekarar 1969, ya fara ƙungiyar Plastic Ono Band tare da matarsa ta biyu, mai zane-zane na multimedia Yoko Ono, inda ya yi makonni biyu yana zanga-zangar adawa da yaƙi, sannan ya bar Beatles don fara aikin solo. Lennon da Ono sun yi aiki tare a kan ayyuka da yawa, ciki har da kundin waƙoƙi uku na avant-garde da wasu fina-finai da dama. Bayan da Beatles suka wargaje, Lennon ya fitar da waƙoƙin sa na farko *John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band* da kuma waƙoƙin duniya guda 10 mafiya shahara " Give Peace a Chance ", " Instant Karma! ", " Imani ", da " Happy Christmas (War Is Over) ". Ya koma birnin New York a shekarar 1971, sukar da ya yi wa Yaƙin Vietnam ta haifar da yunƙurin korar mutane na tsawon shekaru uku daga gwamnatin Nixon . Lennon da Ono sun rabu daga 1973 zuwa 1975, a lokacin ne ya samar da kundin Harry Nilsson mai suna *Pussy Cats* . Ya kuma yi haɗin gwiwa mai kyau da Elton John (" What Gets You through the Night ") da David Bowie (" Fame "). Bayan hutun shekaru biyar, Lennon ya koma harkar kiɗa a shekarar 1980 tare da haɗin gwiwar Ono *Double Fantasy* . Mark David Chapman ya harbe shi ya kashe shi, makonni uku bayan fitowar kundin.

A matsayinsa na mai wasan kwaikwayo, marubuci ko kuma marubuci tare, Lennon yana da waƙoƙi 25 masu lamba ɗaya a cikin jadawalin Billboard Hot 100. *Double Fantasy*, kundin waƙoƙinsa na biyu mafi sayarwa wanda ba Beatles ba, ya lashe kyautar Grammy ta 1981 don Kundin Waƙoƙin Shekara .  A wannan shekarar, ya lashe kyautar Brit Award for Exceptional Gudummawar Kiɗa . A shekarar 2002, an zaɓe Lennon a matsayin na takwas a cikin wani zaɓen tarihi na BBC na *manyan 'yan Birtaniya 100.* *Rolling Stone* ya sanya shi a matsayin mawaƙi na biyar mafi girma kuma na 38 mafi girma a kowane lokaci . An shigar da shi cikin Hall of Fame na Masu Rubuta Waƙoƙi (a 1997) da kuma Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (sau biyu, a matsayin memba na Beatles a 1988 da kuma a matsayin mai zane mai zaman kansa a 1994).

## Shekarun farko: 1940–1956

An haifi John Winston Lennon a ranar 9 ga Oktoba, 1940 a Asibitin Mata na Liverpool, ɗa ɗaya tilo ga Alfred da Julia Lennon ( wanda aka haifa Stanley). Alfred ɗan kasuwa ne mai jirgin ruwa daga asalin Irish wanda bai je ba a lokacin haihuwar ɗansa.  Iyayensa sun rada masa suna John Winston Lennon bayan kakansa na uba, John "Jack" Lennon, da Firayim Minista Winston Churchill .  Mahaifinsa sau da yawa yana nesa da gida amma yana aika cekin albashi na yau da kullun zuwa 9Titin Newcastle, Liverpool, inda Lennon ke zaune tare da mahaifiyarsa;  cekin ya tsaya lokacin da ya tafi ba tare da izinin zama ba a watan Fabrairun 1944.   Lokacin da ya dawo gida bayan watanni shida, ya yi tayin kula da iyalin, amma Julia, wacce a lokacin take da juna biyu da wani namiji, ta ƙi amincewa da wannan ra'ayi.  Bayan da 'yar uwarta Mimi ta kai ƙara ga Hukumar Kula da Jama'a ta Liverpool sau biyu, Julia ta ba ta ikon kula da Lennon.

A watan Yulin 1946, mahaifin Lennon ya ziyarce ta ya kai ɗansa Blackpool a ɓoye, yana da niyyar yin ƙaura zuwa New Zealand tare da shi.  Julia ta bi su - tare da abokin aikinta a lokacin, Bobby Dykins - kuma bayan wata muhawara mai zafi, mahaifinsa ya tilasta wa ɗan shekara biyar ya zaɓi tsakanin su. A wani labari na wannan lamarin, Lennon ya zaɓi mahaifinsa sau biyu, amma yayin da mahaifiyarsa ta tafi, sai ya fara kuka ya bi ta.  A cewar marubuci Mark Lewisohn, duk da haka, iyayen Lennon sun yarda cewa Julia ta ɗauke shi ta ba shi gida. Billy Hall, wanda ya shaida lamarin, ya ce ba daidai ba ne yadda aka nuna wani matashi John Lennon da aka tilasta masa ya yanke shawara tsakanin iyayensa.  Lennon bai sake yin wata mu'amala da Alf ba tsawon kusan shekaru 20. 

A duk tsawon lokacin yarintarsa da samartakarsa, Lennon ya zauna a Mendips, mai shekaru 251. A Menlove Avenue, Woolton, tare da Mimi da mijinta George Toogood Smith, waɗanda ba su da 'ya'ya na kansu.  Goggonsa ta saya masa littattafai na gajerun labarai, kuma kawunsa, mai kula da kiwo a gonar iyalinsa, ya saya masa ƙoƙon baki kuma ya yi masa aikin warware wasanin crossword .  Julia ta ziyarci Mendips akai-akai, kuma John sau da yawa yana ziyartarta a 1 Blomfield Road, Liverpool, inda ta buga masa rikodin Elvis Presley, ta koya masa banjo, kuma ta nuna masa yadda ake buga " Ain't That a Shame " na Fats Domino .  A watan Satumba na 1980, Lennon ya yi tsokaci game da iyalinsa da kuma halinsa na tawaye:

## Manazarta