Ilimin kimiyyar noma

**Ilimin kimiyyar noma: shine** kimiyya da fasaha wanda yake samar da amfani da tsirrai a cikin aikin gona don abinci, mai, fiber, nishaɗi, da maido da ƙasa. *Agronomy* ya zo ya ƙunshi aiki a fannonin ƙwayoyin halittar tsirrai, ilimin kimiyyar shuka, meteorology, da kimiyyar ƙasa. Aikace -aikace ne na haɗin kimiyyar kamar ilmin halitta, ilmin sunadarai, tattalin arziƙi, kimiyyar ƙasa, kimiyyar ƙasa, da kwayoyin halitta. Kwararru a fannin aikin gona ana kiranta agronomists.

## Kiwon shuke-shuke.
 

Wannan yanki na aikin gona ya ƙunshi zaɓin tsirrai don samar da mafi kyawun amfanin gona a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban -daban. Kiwo na shuka ya haɓaka yawan amfanin gona kuma ya inganta ƙimar abinci mai yawa na amfanin gona, gami da masara, waken soya, da alkama . Ya kuma haifar da haɓaka sabbin nau'ikan tsirrai. Misali, an samar da hatsin hatsi da ake kira triticale ta hanyar hatsin hatsin hatsi da alkama. Triticale ya ƙunshi furotin mai amfani fiye da hatsin rai ko alkama. Har ila yau, aikin gona ya taimaka wajen binciken samar da 'ya'yan itace da kayan marmari. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin kimiyyar turfgrass, amfani da kiwo na shuka ya haifar da raguwar buƙatar taki da abubuwan shigar ruwa (buƙatu) gami da nau'ikan turf waɗanda ke nuna ƙara juriya ga cututtuka.

## Bio-technology.

Masana kimiyyar aikin gona suna amfani da fasahar kere -kere don faɗaɗa da hanzarta haɓaka halayyar da ake so.  Kimiyyar kere -kere sau da yawa aikin dakin gwaji ne da ke buƙatar gwajin filayen sabbin nau'in amfanin gona da aka haɓaka.

Bugu da ƙari don haɓaka amfanin gona na amfanin gona na aikin gona ana ƙara amfani da shi don amfani da sabon abu ban da abinci. Alal misali, oilseed ne a halin yanzu amfani da yafi ga margarine da kuma sauran abinci mai, amma shi za a iya modified don amfanin m acid don ƙuna, canza habaka  kuma petrochemicals.

## Ilmin ƙasa.
 
Masana kimiyyar aikin noma suna nazarin hanyoyi masu ɗorewa don sa ƙasa ta kasance mai wadata da riba a duk duniya. Suna rarrabe ƙasa kuma suna nazarin su don sanin ko suna ɗauke da abubuwan gina jiki masu mahimmanci don haɓaka shuka. Abubuwan macronutrients na yau da kullun da aka bincika sun haɗa da mahaɗan nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, da sulfur. Hakanan ana kimanta ƙasa don yawancin abubuwan gina jiki, kamar zinc da boron. Ana gwada yawan adadin kwayoyin halitta, Ƙasa pH, da ƙarfin riƙon abubuwan gina jiki ( ƙarfin musayar cation ) a cikin dakin bincike na yanki. Masu aikin gona za su fassara waɗannan rahotannin lab kuma su ba da shawarwari don daidaita abubuwan gina jiki na ƙasa don ingantaccen shuka. 

### Kula da ƙasa
Bugu da ƙari, masana kimiyyar aikin gona suna haɓaka hanyoyin adana ƙasa da rage tasirin [yashewar] iska da ruwa. Misali, ana iya amfani da wata dabarar da ake kira noma kwane -kwane don hana yashewar ƙasa da kiyaye ruwan sama. Masu binciken aikin gona kuma suna neman hanyoyin amfani da ƙasa yadda yakamata wajen warware wasu matsalolin. Irin waɗannan matsalolin sun haɗa da zubar da takin ɗan adam da na dabbobi, gurɓataccen ruwa, da kuma maganin kashe ƙwari a cikin ƙasa. Kazalika da kula da ƙasa don tsararraki masu zuwa, kamar ƙona katako bayan amfanin gona. Hanyoyin sarrafa kiwo sun haɗa da noman har abada, dasa ciyawar da ke ɗaure ƙasa tare da kwane-kwane a kan gangaren tudu, da kuma amfani da magudanar ruwa mai zurfi har zuwa mita 1.

## Agroecology
Agroecology shi ne kuma sarrafa tsarin aikin noma tare da mai da hankali kan mahangar muhalli da muhalli.  Wannan yanki yana da alaƙa da aiki a fannonin aikin noma mai ɗorewa, noman ɗanyen nama, da madadin tsarin abinci da  haɓaka sabbin hanyoyin noman.

## Theoretical Modelling
Theoretical modelling yana ƙoƙarin yin nazarin ci-gaban amfanin gona da yawa. Ana kula da shuka a matsayin wani nau'in masana'antar nazarin halittu, wanda ke sarrafa haske, carbon dioxide, ruwa, da abubuwan gina jiki zuwa samfuran girbi. Babban sigogin da aka yi la’akari da su sune zazzabi, hasken rana, tsirrai masu rai, rarraba kayan shuka, da abinci mai gina jiki da samar da ruwa..

## Duba sauran abubuwa

* Injiniyan aikin gona
* Manufofin aikin gona
* Agroecology
* Agrology
* Agrophysics
* Noman amfanin gona
* Tsarin abinci
* Kayan lambu
* Juyin Juya Hali
* Noman kayan lambu

## Littafin tarihin

* Wendy B. Murphy, *Duniyar Noma ta Gaba*, Watts, 1984.
* Antonio Saltini, *Storia delle scienze agrarie*, 4 vols, Bologna 1984–89.

## Hanyoyin waje

* Ƙungiyar Agronomy ta Amirka (ASA)
* Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Fasaha ta Amurka (CSSA)
* Ƙungiyar Kimiyya ta Ƙasa ta Amurka (SSSA)
* Ƙungiyar Turai ta Agronomy
* Laburaren Aikin Noma na Kasa (NAL)  - Babban ɗakin karatun aikin gona.
* Tsarin Bayani don Noma da Binciken Abinci

## Manazarta