Black Widow (Chechnya)

**Bakar bazawara** ( Russian     ) ko **Shahidka** ( шахидка —An samo asali daga jinsin mata na Rasha daga *[[Shahidi|Shahid]]* ), kalma ce ta ' yan kunar bakin wake mata 'yan Chechen masu tsattsauran ra'ayi waɗanda ke son zama wata alama ta jihadi mai tashin hankali. [ sautin ]   An san su a rikicin garkuwa da mutane a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Moscow a watan Oktoban 2002.  Kwamanda Shamil Basayev ya ambaci shahidkas a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙarfin 'yan kunar bakin wakensa da ake kira Riyad-us Saliheen Brigade of Shahidai .  Basayev ya kuma bayyana cewa shi da kansa ya horar da aƙalla hamsin daga cikin Baƙar Fata.  Matan da suka kai harin kunar bakin wake sun kai sama da kashi 65% na hare-haren ta'addanci 23 da ke da alaƙa da ƙungiyar Chechen tun daga 2000.  Baƙar Fata Suna da alaƙa da hare-haren ta'addanci a Chechnya tsakanin 1999 da 2005. 

Kalmar "Baƙar fata bazawara" wataƙila ta samo asali ne daga waɗannan mata zawarawan maza da sojojin Rasha suka kashe a Chechnya (ma'anar gizo- gizo baƙar fata bazawara ana nufin ta). Baƙar fata bazawara suna sanya riguna baƙi da tufafi masu duhu waɗanda ke rufe jikinsu daga kai zuwa ƙafa.  Ana tsammanin wannan rigar za ta nuna asarar da suka yi a yaƙin Chechen.  A shekara ta 2003, 'yar jaridar Rasha Yulia Yuzik ta ƙirƙiro kalmar " **Amaryar Allah** " ( Невесты Аллаха   ) lokacin da ta bayyana tsarin da Basayev da abokan aikinsa suka ɗauka mata 'yan Chechen;  an sake amfani da kalmar bayan harin Beslan, a matsayin taken wani ɓangare na shirin NTV na Rasha *Top Secret* (  ). &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Bayani
Matan sun shiga cikin garkuwa da mutane; ana buƙatar mata saboda a tsakanin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, al'ada ba ta yarda da maza su kasance tare da waɗanda aka yi garkuwa da su mata ba. 

Ga 'yan ta'adda, ana ɗaukar Baƙar Fatawa a matsayin marasa daraja fiye da 'yan ta'adda maza, tunda 'yan ta'adda maza suna buƙatar horo na yau da kullun, yayin da ake ɗaukar mata 'yan ta'adda a matsayin waɗanda za a iya kashewa. [1] A wasu lokuta, idan ra'ayoyi ba su daidaita ba tsakanin Baƙar Fatawa da 'yan ta'adda maza, 'yan ta'adda maza suna tayar da bama-bamai da aka ɗaure a kan Baƙar Fatawa don kawar da su. [2] Bugu da ƙari, mata 'yan ta'adda suna da dabarar jan hankali saboda suna nuna adawa da ayyukansu na gargajiya na biyayya, haka nan mata 'yan ta'adda suna haifar da ƙarancin zato, wanda ƙungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda za su iya amfani da shi. [3] [4] Tsakanin 1998 da 2001, a cewar farfesa Richard Pape na Jami'ar Chicago, matsakaicin adadin mace-macen da harin kunar bakin wake ke haifarwa shine mutane 13, yayin da matsakaicin mace-macen da hare-haren kunar bakin wake daga Baƙar Fatawa ke haifarwa shine 28, ma'ana sun ninka mace-macen da matsakaicin mai harin kunar bakin wake ya haifar. [5]

A halin yanzu akwai mata 'yan Chechen guda arba'in da bakwai da aka tabbatar da cewa sun kai harin bam guda ashirin da biyar da suka yi nasara.  Waɗannan hanyoyin hare-haren sun haɗa da tayar da bama-bamai a kan manyan motoci, motoci, amfani da na'urorin fashewa, ko amfani da bel ko jakunkunan kashe kai.  Wasu ma sun tayar da bama-bamansu a jiragen sama. 

## Bayanan kafofin watsa labarai
Kafofin watsa labarai suna nuna mata 'yan kunar bakin wake ta hanyoyi biyu, kamar yadda mutuwar maza a rayuwarta ta haifar ko kuma a cikin wani yanayi na rashin bege inda aka tilasta mata shiga ta'addanci don a ji muryarta.  Gwamnatin Rasha da ƙungiyoyin Chechen sun nuna Baƙar Fata a cikin waɗannan hanyoyin don tallafawa matsayinsu.  Shugabannin 'yan ta'adda na Chechen sun jaddada mata a matsayin waɗanda abin ya shafa don su kyautata rikicin Rasha da Chechen.  Kafofin watsa labarai suna nuna dalilan 'yan ta'adda mata a matsayin waɗanda ke da motsin rai, kamar rashin dangi, maimakon akida ko siyasa, kamar samun 'yancin kai daga Rasha.  Jaridar New York Times ta ruwaito game da Chechnya da Rasha tsakanin 1994 da 2004 a lokacin da rikicin ya yi tsanani; rahotannin da aka saba yi suna tambaya da kuma hasashen dalilin da yasa mata za su shiga ƙungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda na Chechen kuma galibi ba su yi hira da waɗanda ke da hannu a lamarin ba.  Wani labari da aka saba gani a kafofin watsa labarai game da Baƙar Fata ta Chechen shine cewa sun shiga saboda alaƙar iyali; saboda suna bin maza ko ɗaukar fansar mutuwar mazajensu.  Ana iya siffanta mata a matsayin 'yan ta'adda saboda 'saboda soyayya'; ma'ana suna shiga saboda suna da alaƙa ta musamman da ƙungiyar, kamar miji ko saurayi a cikin ƙungiyar.  Wannan labarin ya bayyana 'yan ta'adda mata a matsayin mata kuma marasa son kai saboda suna bin maza a rayuwarsu don shiga ƙungiyar ta'addanci.  A gefe guda kuma, ana iya siffanta mata a matsayin masu taurin kai kamar namiji kuma ana ba su ƙarin halaye na maza; kuma kafofin watsa labarai na iya yin tambaya game da halayenta na mata. 

A shekarar 1994, 'yan jaridar Rasha sun fara lura da jita-jitar 'yan kunar bakin wake mata da kuma 'yan bindiga mata; an tabbatar da cewa waɗannan jita-jitar gaskiya ne saboda kama mutane lokaci-lokaci da kuma yadda mata suka shiga cikin hare-haren a lokacin rikicin Rasha da Chechen .  A ranar 29 ga Nuwamba, 2001, 'yan jarida sun ba da rahoton yunkurin kashe Janar Gadzhiyez ta hanyar wani harin kunar bakin wake  Wannan harin bai sami kulawa sosai daga manema labarai na yamma ba, amma wataƙila shine harin Black Widow na farko.  A ranar 23 ga Oktoba, 2002, 'yan ta'adda mata sun sami kulawar kafofin watsa labarai na duniya lokacin da suka kwace gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Dubrovka.  A lokacin wannan harin, an ɗauki bidiyon 'yan ta'adda mata kuma an yi musu tambayoyi ta hanyar manema labarai.  Wannan shine ɗaya daga cikin lokutan farko da Black Widows suka sami murya a kafofin watsa labarai. 

## Manazarta