1975 zanga-zangar dalibai na Mauritius

Rikicin zanga-zangar dalibai na Mauritius na 1975 yana nufin zanga-zambe na dalibai wanda ya zama tashin hankali a sassa daban-daban na tsibirin Mauritius, Tekun Indiya a ranar Talata 20 ga Mayu shekara ta 1975.

## Farkon zaman lafiya da manufofi
Bayan cikakken shiri na daliban makarantar sakandare, kungiyoyin dalibai masu gwagwarmaya daga makarantu masu zaman kansu da na jihohi sun watsar da ɗakunan ajiya kuma sun shiga yajin aiki ta hanyar zuwa titunan manyan garuruwan inda yawancin makarantun sakandare suke. Sun yi tafiya cikin lumana daga garuruwan cikin gida na Curepipe, Vacoas, Quatre-Bornes, Rose Hill, Beau Bassin da sauran sassan tsibirin don zuwa babban birnin Port Louis. Babban manufofin masu gwagwarmayar dalibai a lokacin taron  sun kunshi:

# Cire rashin daidaito tsakanin "kollejoji masu zaman kansu" da ba su da kuɗi idan aka kwatanta da makarantun da ke da kuɗin gwamnati da makarantun Katolika 
# Sanya abubuwan da suka wuce na littattafai wanda ya ci gaba da nuna bambanci na mulkin mallaka
# Inganta ingancin ma'aikatan koyarwa

## Harkokin 'yan sanda na tashin hankali
A lokacin da daliban da suka yi tafiya suka wuce garin Beau Bassin taron ya kai girman gaske. A gadar tarihi ta Grand River North West (GRNW) kusa da La Tour Koenig 'yan sanda na gida sun hana taron ci gaba zuwa babban birnin Port Louis. Baya ga wasu daga cikin 'yan sanda na 'yan sanda (PRU) sun isa wurin kuma nan da nan an yi murkushewa ta amfani da iskar hawaye da sanduna a kan masu zanga-zangar dalibai marasa makami. An kuma kama dalibai da yawa.

Shaguna da yawa (kamar waɗanda ke kan titunan Desforges da Leoville L"Homme a babban birnin Port Louis) da bas da ke kusa da gangamin sun lalace. Wani taron jama'a masu fushi sun kwace gidan wani fitaccen memba na PMSD na majalisar dokoki kuma memba na ƙungiyar M.H. Ythier. Daga baya a wannan rana a Kwalejin New Eton da ke Rose Hill an kama kimanin dalibai hamsin bayan da 'yan sanda suka shiga tsakani wanda ya yi ƙoƙari ya watsar da taron a can. Ya zuwa 21 ga Mayu shekara ta 1975 'yan jarida sun ba da rahoton cewa' yan sanda sun kama mutane 118. Baya ga shagunan da aka sace akwai rahotanni na bas 40 da suka lalace kuma masu ƙonewa sun lalata bas 4.

Gwamnati tana shirin gurfanar da masu zanga-zangar da aka kama a karkashin tanadin Sashe na 17 da 48 na Dokar Tsarin Jama'a (POA). A mayar da martani wani rukuni na dalibai ya shirya yajin aikin yunwa kuma bayan kwana goma an sauke tuhumar.

## Abubuwan da suka faru kafin tashin hankali na 1975
An sami karuwar rashin jin daɗi tsakanin matasa da ɗalibai saboda karuwar rashin aikin yi da tsadar rayuwa. Baya ga guguwar Gervaise ta lalata makarantu da yawa waɗanda tuni suna fama da dakunan gwaje-gwaje da ɗakunan karatu marasa kyau da rashin kayan aikin wasanni. A watan Fabrairun 1975 dalibai a Kwalejin London (Mauritius) sun nuna rashin amincewa da korar malamai biyu. Kungiyar Labour-IFB-CAM ta kasance a mulki tun daga zaben 1967 kuma bayan bikin Independence na Maris shekara ta 1968 IFB ta fice daga hadin gwiwa a 1969 kuma ta ƙare a cikin adawa. Don ci gaba da iko da mafi yawan kujeru a majalisa shugaban jam'iyyar Labour Party (Mauritius) ya kulla sabon yarjejeniya tare da abokin hamayyarsa PMSD wanda ya haifar da hadin gwiwar Labour-CAM-PMSD da ke mulkin kasar. A cikin PMSD adadi da yawa sun yi adawa da wannan yarjejeniya kuma wannan rukuni mai rarrabuwa ya kafa sabuwar jam'iyyar UDM. Kodayake an shirya za a gudanar da zabe a shekara ta 1972 Labour kuma abin da ya rage daga asalin PMSD ya yi gyare-gyare ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki ta hanyar Bill wanda ya jinkirta zaben 1972 zuwa 1976. A halin yanzu sabuwar jam'iyyar Mouvement Militant Mauricien (MMM) ta sami karbuwa, har ma da zabar dan takarar ta farko Dev Virahsawmy zuwa majalisar a zaben Satumba shekara ta 1970 a mazabar No.5 yayin da ya lashe kujerar da tsohon dan takarar IFB mai mulki Lall Jugnauth ya rike.

A ranar 25 ga Nuwamba 1971 wani rukuni na masu fafutuka na siyasa na MMM Azor Adelaide ya harbe shi a tsakiyar garin Curepipe kusa da tsakiya na Royal Road da Rue Chasteauneuf. Azor yana tafiya tare da motar Dev Virahsawmy  yayin da suke shirin saduwa da Paul Berenger don shigar da wasu hotunan game da taron jama'a mai zuwa.  Wannan ya biyo bayan yunkurin da ya gabata  don kashe shugaban MMM Paul Berenger a lokacin da mataimakinsa Fareed Muttur ya mutu a cikin yanayi mai ban mamaki bayan hatsarin mota a ranar 1 ga Oktoba shekara ta 1971   Wani misali na tashin hankali na siyasa shine harin da aka kai wa dan gwagwarmayar dalibai kuma mai goyon bayan MMM Raja Bhadain wanda wani dan fashi na PMSD ya yi masa wuka  yana amfani da takalma a wani taron jama'a. 

MMM ta yi aiki tare da kungiyoyin kwadago daban-daban kamar GWF don shirya yajin aiki a duk faɗin tsibirin. A sakamakon haka an daure shugabannin Kwadago 12 da yawancin shugabannin MMM na tsawon watanni 9 har zuwa Disamba shekara ta 1972.  An ayyana yanayin gaggawa a cikin 1971 kuma an aiwatar da Dokar Tsaro ta Jama'a (POA 1973). Daga baya a shekara ta 1975 an ɗaga Jihar Gaggawa a shirye-shiryen Zaben 1976. 

Shekaru da yawa kafin 1975 dalibai daga makarantun sakandare daban-daban kamar Kwalejin John Kennedy (JKC), Kwalejin Sarauniya Elizabeth, Mauritius (QEC), Kwaleji New Eton, Kwalejin Royal Curepipe (RCC), da Kwalejin Royal Port Louis (RCPL) sun taru a lokuta daban-daban na dalibai inda aka gudanar da muhawara game da bukatar sake fasalin tsarin ilimi tsakanin sauran batutuwan zamantakewa da siyasa. Wadannan abubuwan sun hada da "Klubs". Sauran ƙungiyoyi kamar "Front National pour la Libération des Etudiants" (FNLE) da Kungiyar Dalibai sun taimaka a cikin ƙoƙari.

## Ilimi kyauta da sake fasalin ilimi
zanga-zangar dalibai da tashin hankali na Mayu shekara  ta 1975 sun haifar da manyan canje-canje a tsarin ilimi na tsibirin. Bayan Babban Zabe na 1976 gwamnatin hadin gwiwar Labour-CAM-PMSD ta ba da "Ilimi kyauta" ta hanyar kawar da kudaden makaranta na kowane wata. Har ila yau, ta gudanar da sake fasalin bangaren makarantar sakandare daidai da manufofin zanga-zangar dalibai ta 20 ga Mayu shekara ta 1975 kuma ta haɗa da ci gaba masu zuwa:

# An kirkiro Hukumar Makarantun Sakandare masu zaman kansu (PSSA) a cikin 1978 don rage gibin tsakanin makarantun masu zaman kansu da na gwamnati ciki har da albashin malamai
# Cibiyar Ilimi ta Mauritius (MIE) ta sake fasalin tsarin karatun don haɗawa da ƙarin abubuwan Mauritian na gida
# An maye gurbin "Junior Scholarship" da Takardar shaidar Ilimi na Firamare (CPE) 
# An gina sabbin makarantun sakandare da yawa don rage dogaro da kwalejoji masu zaman kansu

## Bayanan da aka ambata