Dedan Kimathi

**Dedan Kimathi Waciuri** (an haife shi a ranar 31 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1920 - 18 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1957), an haife shi *Kimathi wa Waciuri* a cikin Kenya ta Burtaniya a lokacin, shi ne babban soja kuma jagoran ruhaniya na tashin Mau Mau . Wanda aka fi sani da shi a matsayin jagoran juyin juya hali, ya jagoranci gwagwarmayar soji dauke da makamai da gwamnatin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya a Kenya a shekarun, 1950 har zuwa lokacin da aka kama shi a shekara ta, 1956 sannan aka zartar da hukuncin kisa a shekara ta, 1957.  Kimathi yana da alhakin jagorantar ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar tsarin soja na yau da kullun a cikin Mau Mau, da kuma kiran majalisar yaƙi a shekara ta, 1953. Shi, tare da Musa Mwariama da Muthoni Kirima, na ɗaya daga cikin sarakunan Filaye uku.

Masu kishin ƙasar Kenya suna kallonsa a matsayin gwarzon dan gwagwarmayar ‘yancin kai na ƙasar Kenya da Turawan mulkin mallaka na ƙasar Kenya, yayin da gwamnatin Birtaniya ke kallonsa a matsayin dan ta’adda.  Duk da cewa shugabannin biyu na farko na Kenya mai cin gashin kanta, Jomo Kenyatta da Daniel Arap Moi, Kimathi da takwarorinsa na 'yan tawayen Mau Mau sun yi wa kallon kyama a hukumance a matsayin gwarzaye a fafutukar kwato 'yancin kai na Kenya a karkashin gwamnatin Mwai Kibaki, wanda ya kai ga kaddamar da bikin. wani mutum-mutumi na Kimathi a cikin shekara ta,  2007.  An ƙarfafa hakan ne ta hanyar amincewa da sabon kundin tsarin mulki a shekara ta, 2010 da ke kira da a ƙarama jaruman ƙasa.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Kimathi a kauyen Thegenge, yankin Tetu, gundumar Nyeri . Mahaifinsa ya rasu a watan Satumba shekara ta, 1920, wata guda kafin a haifi Kimathi. Kimathi ya kasance mahaifiyarsa, Waibuthi, daya daga cikin matan mahaifinsa uku. Yana da ’yan’uwa biyu, Wambararia da Wagura, da ’yan’uwa mata biyu. Yana dan shekara sha biyar ya shiga makarantar firamare ta garin Karuna-ini inda ya kammala karatunsa na turanci . Ya ci gaba da karatunsa a makarantar sakandare ta Tumutumu CMS. Ya kasance marubuci mai kishi, kuma ya yi rubuce-rubuce sosai kafin da lokacin tashin Mau Mau. Ya kasance memba Club Debate a makarantarsa kuma ya nuna iyawa a cikin waƙa. Kimathi ya yi tir da duk wani yunƙuri na horo ko sarrafa shi, kuma koyaushe yana cikin matsala da malamansa;  a sakamakon haka, ya shiga da fita daga tsarin ilimi. Tumutumu ba zai iya ɗaukar halinsa na tawaye ba. Ana zargin har da yunkurin gurgunta karatu a makarantar ta hanyar satar ƙarar kararrawa. Abokan nasa sun ce ya ɗauki kararrawa ya buga da karfi a saman tudun Tumutumu. Duk da haka masu wa'azin mishan sun kasance masu sassaucin ra'ayi, har yanzu sunansa yana cikin rajistar makaranta. A cikin shekara ta, 1940, Kimathi ya shiga cikin Sojan Burtaniya, amma an sallame shi bayan wata guda, ana zarginsa da buguwa da tashin hankali a kan abokan aikinsa.  Ya tashi daga aiki zuwa aiki, daga barawon alade zuwa malamin firamare, daga inda aka kore shi bayan zargin cin zarafin dalibansa.  Sai dai makusantan nasa sun ce an kore shi ne saboda ya yi magana game da hukumar makarantar.

## Mau Mau motsi
A kusa da shekarar, 1947 ko shekarar, 1948, yayin da yake aiki a Ol Kalou, Kimathi ya sadu da membobin kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta Kenya (KAU). A shekara ta 1950 ya zama sakatare a reshen KAU a Ol Kalou, wanda magoya bayan kungiyar Mau Mau ke iko da shi. Mau Mau ya fara ne a matsayin Sojojin Kasa da 'Yanci (KLFA), mayakan Kikuyu, da sojojin Embu da Meru wadanda suka nemi kwato filayen, wanda a hankali turawan Ingila suka kwace daga hannunsu. Yayin da tasirin kungiyar da kuma kasancewarta mambobi ya zama babbar barazana ga gwamnatin mulkin mallaka.

Bayan da aka rantsar da Mau Mau, Kimathi a cikin shekara ta, 1951 ya shiga Rukunin Arba'in, reshen tsageru na rusasshiyar kungiyar Kikuyu ta tsakiya . A matsayin sakataren reshe, Kimathi ya jagoranci rantsuwa. Ya yi imani da tilasta wa Kikuyu ta hanyar rantsuwa don kawo hadin kai ga yunkurin 'yancin kai. Don cimma haka sai ya yi ta dukan tsiya tare da daukar bindigu mai yawan gaske.  Ayyukan da ya yi da kungiyar sun sa gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta yi masa hari, kuma a waccan shekarar ne aka kama shi a takaice amma ya tsere da taimakon ‘yan sandan yankin. Wannan shi ne mafarin shigarsa cikin boren, kuma ya kafa hukumar tsaron Kenya domin hada kai da dukkan mayakan dajin a shekarar, 1953.

## Kama da kisa
Yaƙin Kimathi na samun ‘yancin kai ya zo ƙarshen shekarar, 1956. A ranar 21 ga watan Oktoba na waccan shekarar, Ian Henderson, wani jami'in 'yan sandan Birtaniya da ke mulkin mallaka, wanda ya kasance a kan "farautar kima" don Kimathi, ya yi nasarar kama shi a cikin ɓoye a cikin dajin.  An harbe Kimathi a kafa kuma wani dan sandan kabilanci da ake kira Ndirangu Mau  ya kama shi wanda ya tarar da Kimathi dauke da panga (kayan aiki na Afirka da aka zare kamar machete).  Kame shi ya nuna farkon ƙarshen yakin dajin; Hoton Kimathi da ake ɗauke da shi a kan shimfiɗa, Birtaniyya ne suka buga a cikin takardu (fiye da 120,000 aka rarraba), don kashe Mau Mau da magoya bayansu. An tuhumi Kimathi da laifin mallakar .38 Webley Scott revolver. 

Kotun da ke karkashin jagorancin Alkalin Alkalai O'Connor tare da alkalan bakar fata na 'yan Kenya  sun yanke masa hukuncin kisa a lokacin da yake kwance a gadon asibiti a babban asibitin Nyeri . An yi watsi da daukaka karar da ya yi, kuma an zartar da hukuncin kisa.

Kwana ɗaya kafin a kashe shi, ya rubuta wa wani Uba Marino wasiƙa yana roƙonsa ya koya wa ɗansa ilimi: “Ya yi nisa da yawancin makarantunku, amma na yi imani cewa dole ne a yi wani abu don ganin ya fara tun da wuri ƙarƙashin kulawar ku." Ya kuma rubuta game da matarsa, Mukami, yana mai cewa, “An tsare ta a gidan yarin Kamiti, kuma ina ba da shawarar a sake ta na wani lokaci. Ina so ta samu ta'aziyya daga 'yan'uwa mata misali Sister Modester, da dai sauransu domin ita ma tana jin kadaici. Kuma idan ta kowace hanya za ta iya zama kusa da manufa kamar kusa da Mathari domin ta kasance kusa da ’yan’uwa mata da ikilisiya.” 

Ya nemi ganin matarsa, kuma da safe aka kashe Mukami ya ga Kimathi. Su biyun sun shafe kusan awa biyu suna hira. Ya ce mata “Babu shakka a raina cewa Turawan Ingila sun kuduri aniyar kashe ni. Ban aikata wani laifi ba. Laifin da na yi shi ne, ni dan juyin-juya-halin kasar Kenya ne wanda ya jagoranci rundunar 'yantar da kasa. Yanzu Idan dole in bar ku da iyalina ba abin da zan yi nadama a kai. Jinina zai shayar da itacen 'yanci." 

A safiyar ranar 18 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta, 1957 an kashe shi ta hanyar rataya a gidan yarin Kamiti mafi girman tsaro .  An binne shi ne a cikin wani kabari da ba a bayyana ba, kuma ba a san inda aka binne shi ba tsawon shekaru 62 har zuwa ranar 25 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta, 2019 lokacin da gidauniyar Dedan Kimathi  ta ba da rahoton cewa an gano wurin da aka binne shi a harabar gidan yarin Kamiti.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Kimathi ya auri Mukami Kimathi. Daga cikin ‘ya’yansu akwai maza Wachiuri da Maina da ‘ya’ya mata Nyambura, Waceke, Wangeci, Nyakinyua Nyawira, Muthoni, Wangui da Wanjugu.  Gwamnati ta gina wa Mukami gida mai dakuna uku a gonarta da ke Kinangop, gundumar Nyandarua a shekarar, 2009 kuma ta samar mata da gidan daukar gida biyu don amfanin sirri a shekarar, 2012.   A shekara ta, 2010, matar Kimathi ta bukaci a sabunta neman gawar mijinta domin ta yi masa jana'iza mai kyau. 

## Legacy

### Rijistar hukuma ta Mau Mau
A ranar 11 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta, 2003, gwamnatin Kibaki ta yi rajistar ƙungiyar Mau Mau a hukumance, ba tare da la’akari da dokar zamanin mulkin mallaka da ta haramta ƙungiyar tare da sanya mambobinta a matsayin ‘yan ta’adda ba. A jawabinsa yayin mika takardar shaidar, mataimakin shugaban kasar Moody Awori ya yi nadama kan cewa an kwashe shekaru 40 ana yi wa kungiyar rajista a hukumance duk kuwa da sadaukarwar da Mau Mau ya yi don samun ‘yancin kai na kasar Kenya. 

### Hoton Dedan Kimathi

Gwamnatin Kibaki ta gina wani mutum-mutumin tagulla mai tsayin mita 2.1 mai taken Freedom Fighter Dedan Kimathi a kan wani katako mai zane, a tsakiyar birnin Nairobi . Mutum-mutumin yana mahadar titin Kimathi da titin Mama Ngina. Kimathi, sanye da kayan soja, yana rike da bindiga a hannun dama da wuka a hagu, makamai na karshe da ya rike a gwagwarmayar sa. Mataimakin shugaban kasa Awori ne ya aza harsashin ginin mutum-mutumin a ranar 11 ga watan Disamban shekara ta, 2006  da kuma cikakken mutum-mutumi da shugaba Kibaki ya kaddamar a ranar 18 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta, 2007 wanda ya yi daidai da cika shekaru 50 na ranar da aka kashe shi. A cikin jawabin nasa, Kibaki ya jinjinawa Kimathi a matsayin mutumin da ba wai kawai ya biya kudin da ya dace ba wajen ‘yantar da kasar Kenya, har ma da karfafa gwiwar sauran mutane wajen yakar zalunci. 

Mutum-mutumin ya jawo yabo daga al'ummar Kenya a matsayin karramawar Mau Mau da suka yi a fafutukar neman 'yancin kai. Wannan ya sha banban da yadda gwamnatin Jomo Kenyatta da Daniel Arap Moi suka yi wa Mau Mau a matsayin 'yan ta'adda bayan mulkin mallaka. 

A ranar 12 ga watan Satumba shekara ta, 2015, gwamnatin Burtaniya ta kaddamar da wani mutum-mutumi na tunawa da Mau Mau a filin shakatawa na Uhuru na Nairobi wanda ta bayar da kudade "a matsayin alamar sulhu tsakanin gwamnatin Burtaniya, Mau Mau, da duk wadanda suka sha wahala". Hakan ya biyo bayan matakin da Birtaniyya ta dauka a watan Yunin shekara ta, 2013 na biyan wasu ‘yan Kenya sama da 5,000 da aka azabtar da su a lokacin rikicin Mau Mau. 

### Nelson Mandela
Kimathi dai ya samu karramawa daga jagoran yaki da wariyar launin fata Nelson Mandela . A watan Yulin 1990, watanni biyar bayan sakinsa daga shekaru 27 da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta Afirka ta Kudu ta yi, Mandela ya ziyarci birnin Nairobi inda ya bukaci ya ga kabarin Kimathi ya gana da matar sa Mukami. Bukatar Mandela ta kasance abin kunya ga gwamnatin Moi, wadda ta yi watsi da Kimathi, kamar gwamnatin Jomo Kenyatta da ke gabanta. Wani bala'i ne ake nemanta a ƙauyen da ita da danginta suke zaune an manta da ita cikin talauci. Ba a biya bukatar Mandela ba. A lokacin da yake jawabi ga jama'a a filin wasa na Kasarani da ke Nairobi kafin ya bar kasar, Mandela ya bayyana jin dadinsa ga Kimathi, Musa Mwariama, Waruhiu Itote da sauran shugabannin Mau Mau wadanda suka zaburar da kansa kan gwagwarmayar rashin adalci. Bayan shekaru 15 ne kawai a shekarar 2005, a ziyararsa ta biyu a Kenya, daga karshe Mandela ya samu damar ganawa da Mukami da kuma wasu 'ya'yan Kimati guda biyu.  

Mutuncin Mandela ga Kimathi a farkon shekarun 1960 kuma ana ishara da shi a cikin *My Moment with Legend* by Ronnie Kasrils, tsohon babban jami'in leken asiri na reshen ANC mai dauke da makamai Umkhonto We Sizwe (MK) kuma ministan tsaro a gwamnatin Mandela. 

### Wurare masu suna Kimati

* Dedan Kimathi University of Technology
* Filin wasa na Dedan Kimathi, Nyeri, Kenya (wanda aka fi sani da Kamukunji Grounds) 
* Titin Kimathi, Nairobi, Kenya - Daya daga cikin manyan tituna a Babban Cibiyar Kasuwancin Nairobi da kuma inda akwai mutum-mutumi don girmama shi.
* Titin Dedan Kimathi, Lusaka, Zambiya - Ana kan wannan hanyar ita ce Tashar Bus ta Intercity da Jami'ar ZCAS.
* Kimathi Avenue, Kampala, Uganda
* Dedan Kimathi Road, Mombasa, Kenya
* Kimathi Road, Garin Nyeri, Kenya
* Kimathi Road, Nanyuki Town, Kenya
* Titin Dedan Kimathi, Embalenhle, Mpumalanga, Afirka ta Kudu
* Dedan Kimathi Memorial High School, Nyeri, Kenya
* Kimathi Crescent, Isamilo, Mwanza, Tanzania

## Shahararrun al'adu da ƙarin karatu

* *Gwajin Dedan Kimati* (wasa) - Micere Mugo da Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o
* Karimi, Joseph (2013). *Dedan Kimathi: Cikakken Labari.* Jomo Kenyatta Foundation.
* Mukami Kimathi (2017). *Mau Mau Freedom Fighter.* Kudin hannun jari Mdahalo Bridging Divides Limited 
* 
* Kahiga, Samuel (1990). *Dedan Kimathi: Gaskiyar Labari.*
* Maina wa Kinyatti. *Gwagwarmayar 'Yanci ta Kenya: Takardun Dedan Kimathi.*
* Jabali Afrika (2011). *Dedan Kimathi* (waƙa) 

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Daily Nation: Ƙauyen ƙauye sun tuna da jarumi Mau Mau Kimathi
* Kenya Times: Kimathi ya mutu a banza? 
* Bayanan Dedan Kimathi (labarin a tsakiyar shafin)
* Takaitaccen Tattaunawar Tashi
* Rahoton daga Kenyad