James S. Ackerman

**James Sloss Ackerman** (8 ga Nuwamba, 1919 - 31 ga Disamba, 2016) masanin tarihin gine-gine ne na Amurka, babban masani kan gine-ginen Michelangelo, na Palladio da kuma ka'idar gine-ginen Renaissance na Italiya.

A shekarar 2017, Ackerman ya sami kyautar Henry Hope Reed .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Ackerman a San Francisco a watan Nuwamba na 1919.  Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Cate da ke Carpinteria, California, ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1937 kafin ya halarci Jami'ar Yale .  A Yale, 1938–41, ya kasance ƙarƙashin tasirin Henri Focillon . Aikin digirinsa na biyu yana a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Fine, Jami'ar New York (MA 1947, PhD 1952), inda ya yi karatu tare da Richard Krauthheimer da Erwin Panofsky . Aikinsa na Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu a Rundunar Sojojin Amurka a Italiya ya katse karatunsa, wanda, duk da haka, ya ba shi damar ƙara fahimtarsa a wurin gine-ginen Renaissance na Italiya, ƙwarewarsa - an ba shi aikin dawo da kayan tarihi da aka adana a Certosa di Pavia . Ya kasance memba a Kwalejin Amurka da ke Rome (1949–52). Ya koyar a Berkeley kuma daga 1960 a Harvard a matsayin Arthur Kingsley Porter Farfesa na Fasaha ta Fine har zuwa ritayarsa a 1990.

Shi ne editan *The Art Bulletin* (1956–60) da *[[Annali d'architettura]]* . An zaɓe Ackerman a matsayin Fellow na American Academy of Arts and Sciences a 1963.  Ya kasance memba na American Philosophical Society, kuma memba mai dacewa na British Academy, Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Accademia Olimpica, Vicenza, Ateneo Veneto, Accademia di San Luca a Rome da Royal Society of Sciences a Uppsala . Ya yi laccoci na Slade a Cambridge a 1969–70. Ya sami digirin girmamawa shida kuma ya kasance Babban Jami'in Order of Merit na Italiya Republic, ɗan ƙasa mai girmamawa na Padua, kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta musamman ta Golden Lion a Venice Biennale of Architecture na 2008.

Lokacin da ya fara koyarwa a Makarantar Gine-gine ta UC Berkeley a kaka ta 1952, Ackerman shi ne masanin tarihin gine-gine na farko a gare su. 

Tsarinsa mai tsauri ya kafa tsarin gine-gine a cikin faffadan mahallin tarihin al'adu da ilimi. An ba shi kyautar Balzan ta 2001 saboda nasarar da ya samu a tarihin gine-gine da birane, sannan kuma an ambato Paul Kristeller a shekarar 2001 daga ƙungiyar Renaissance Society of America saboda nasarar da ya samu a rayuwarsa. Ackerman ya tsara kuma ya ba da labarin fina-finan da John Terry ya ɗauka suna Looking for Renaissance Rome (1975, tare da Kathleen Weil-Garris Brandt) da Palladio the Architect and His Influence in America (1980).

Ya rasu a watan Disamba na 2016 yana da shekaru 97. 

## Littattafai da aka zaɓa
Banda labarai da dama, Ackerman ya rubuta

* *Cortile del Belvedere* (1954) Wannan ya dogara ne akan takardar digirin digirgir ɗinsa na PhD kan faɗaɗa Renaissance na Fadar Vatican .
* *Tsarin Gine-gine na Michelangelo* (juzu'i 2, 1961; sigar takarda mai juzu'i na biyu mai taƙaitacce, 1986) Juzu'i na I cikakken bayani ne game da aikin mai ginin da ka'idarsa, da kuma Juzu'i na II cikakken kundin gine-ginen Michelangelo waɗanda galibi ba a gama su ba, suna amfani da zane-zanen gine-gine da kuma tushen adana kayan tarihi da zane-zane na zamani. Aikin ya sami lambar yabo ta Hitchcock ta Ƙungiyar Masana Tarihi na Gine-gine .
* *Palladio* (jerin "Mai Zane da Al'umma") Pelican Books (1966; 1977, 2008) Babi na gabatarwa "Palladio da zamaninsa" sai kuma babi da ke tattauna misalan gidajen Palladio, gine-ginen jama'a da na gida, gine-ginen coci, da kuma ka'idodin ƙira da ayyukansa.
* *Gidajen Palladio* (1967)
* *Gidan Villa: Tsarin da Ra'ayin Gidajen Ƙasa* (1990), taƙaitaccen bayani game da gidan ƙasa daga zamanin Romawa zuwa le Corbusier da Wright .
* *James Ackerman Masanin Tarihi na Fasaha*, 1992, hirar dogon littafi ga Gidauniyar Getty da UCLA
* *Ma'ajiyar Nisa: Nazarin Ka'ida da Renaissance Fasaha da Gine-gine*, MIT Press (1991) Rubuce-rubuce bakwai sun kasu kashi biyu tsakanin ka'idar suka da alaƙar gine-gine da kimiyya a Renaissance, tare da nazarin Leon Battista Alberti da Leonardo .
* *Asali, Kwaikwayo, Yarjejeniyoyi: Wakilci a Fasahar Kayayyaki*, MIT Press (2002) Makaloli goma sha biyu. Don cikakken tarihin littattafai duba gidan yanar gizon Google ɗinsa.

## Manazarta