open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ashkharhatsuyts

***Ashkharhatsuyts*** (Tsohon Armenian), sau da yawa ana fassara shi a matsayin Geography a cikin asalin Ingilishi, shine farkon yanayin Armeniya na zamani wanda aka danganta ga Anania Shirakatsi.

An yi imanin cewa an rubuta shi a wani lokaci tsakanin 610 da 636. A cewar Elizabeth Redgate, an rubuta shi "watakila jim kadan kafin AD 636". An yi jayayya da marubucinsa a zamanin yau; wanda aka yi imanin cewa aikin Movses Khorenatsi ne, yawancin masana yanzu suna danganta shi ga Anania Shirakatsi. Robert Hewsen ya kira shi "ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan da suka fi dacewa da suka zo mana daga zamanin Armeniya".

*Yanayin Armenia* - kamar yadda aka fi sani - ya kasance da mahimmanci musamman don bincike a cikin tarihin da yanayin ƙasa na Babban Armenia, Caucasus (Georgia da Caucasian Albania) da Daular Sasanian,  duk an bayyana su dalla-dalla. An bayyana yankunan kafin mamayewar Larabawa da cin nasara. Bayanan game da Armenia ba a samun su a wasu wurare a cikin tushen tarihi ba,  saboda ita ce kawai sanannen aikin ƙasa na Armenia da aka rubuta kafin karni na 13.

*Ashkharhatsuyts* sun tsira a cikin dogon lokaci da gajeren lokaci. Dangane da yarjejeniyar masana, dogon sake dubawa shine asali. Don bayanin Turai, Arewacin Afirka da Asiya (duk duniya da aka sani daga Spain zuwa China),  ya fi amfani da asalin Girkanci, wato yanayin da ya ɓace yanzu na Pappus na Iskandariya (karni na 4), wanda shi ma, ya dogara ne akan yanayin Ptolemy (karni ya 2). A cewar Hewsen, shi ne "aiki na ƙarshe wanda ya dogara da ilimin ƙasa na dā da aka rubuta kafin Renaissance".

Yana daya daga cikin ayyukan Armeniya na farko da aka buga (a cikin 1668 ta Voskan Yerevantsi). An fassara shi cikin harsuna huɗu: Turanci, Latin (duka 1736), Faransanci (1819), da Rasha (1877).  A shekara ta 1877, Kerovbe Patkanian ya fara danganta shi ga Anania a matsayin marubucin da ya fi dacewa.

Wani aikin ƙasa na Anania Shirakatsi, The Itinerary (młon Tian), na iya kasancewa wani ɓangare na Ashkharhatsuyts. Ya gabatar da hanyoyi shida daga Dvin, babban birnin Armenia a wannan lokacin, zuwa manyan ƙauyuka a wurare daban-daban, tare da nisan mil (młon), yana nufin mil na Larabci na mita 1,917.6 (6,291 , a cewar Hakob Manandian.[1]

## Dubi kuma

* Yanayin Armenia

## Manazarta
Charles Peers Davidson

**Sir Charles Peers Davidson** (Janairu 1841 &#x2013; Janairu 29, 1929) lauya ne kuma alkali ɗan ƙasar Kanada.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife shi a Huntingdon, Lower Canada ga Kyaftin Alexander Davidson da Marion Peers, Davidson ya yi karatu a Jami'ar McGill inda ya sami digirin farko a fannin Fasaha a 1863, digirin Master of Arts a 1867, digirin farko a fannin Shari'a a 1873, da kuma digirin DCL a 1875. An ba shi lambar girmamawa ta LL.D. daga McGill a 1912. An nada shi a matsayin Lauya na Quebec a 1864 kuma an nada shi Lauya na Sarauniya a 1876. 

A shekara ta 1887 aka naɗa shi alkali a Babbar Kotun lardin Quebec. Daga 1912 zuwa 1915 shi ne Babban Alkali na Babbar Kotun Lardin Quebec. A shekara ta 1913, an naɗa shi digirin farko na Knight . 

Ya mutu a birnin New York a shekarar 1929. 

## Iyali
Charles ya haifi 'ya'ya bakwai daga matarsa, Alice Harriet Mattice (goggon mai suna Mattice-Val Côté ), ciki har da Cam da Shirley Davidson (waɗanda suka lashe gasar Stanley Cup ), da Thornton Davidson. Abin baƙin ciki, Shirley da Thornton sun mutu sakamakon nutsewa, a shekarar 1907 da 1912, bi da bi - na ƙarshe a cikin bala'in RMS ''Titanic'', ya nutse tare da surukinsa, Charles Melville Hays . Matar Thornton, Orion Hays (daga baya Hickson) (1884-1979), ta tsira daga hatsarin jirgin ruwa na 1912, daga baya ta sake yin aure, kuma daga ƙarshe aka binne ta kusa da Thornton Davidson da iyayenta a Makabartar Mount Royal da ke Montreal . 

## Manazarta
Charles Peers (barrister)

**Charles Peers** DL JP (1776 - 1853) mutum ne mai farar hula a Oxfordshire, lauya ɗan Ingila kuma mai filaye.

Ya kasance mai rikodin Henley-on-Themes, ya yi aiki a matsayin babban sheriff na Oxfordshire a 1821, Justice of the Peace, Oxfordshire. Ɗan Kwalejin Kwalejin na Ƙungiyar Antiquaries kuma Likita a fannin Shari'a .

## Rayuwar farko da iyali
An haifi Charles Peers a shekara ta 1776, ɗan Robert Peers (1742-1818), lauya kuma mai filaye na Chiselhampton House, Oxfordshire .  Iyalinsa sun shahara a harkokin kasuwanci da na jama'a: Kakansa, Charles Peers, Esq, (1703-1781), ya gina Chiselhampton House kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Sheriff na Oxfordshire a shekara ta 1756.  Yayin da kakan Peers, Sir Charles Peers (1661-1737), shi ne Magajin Garin Landan a shekara ta 1715 kuma Shugaban Kamfanin East India .  

An yi wa Peers karatu a Kwalejin Eton kafin ya halarci Kwalejin St John's, Cambridge, inda ya kammala karatun digiri na farko a shekarar 1799 da kuma digiri na biyu a shekarar 1804.  An shigar da shi cikin Haikalin Inner, inda ya zama lauya a shekarar 1802. Daga baya ya sami digirin digirgir a fannin Shari'a daga Jami'ar Oxford a shekarar 1820. 

## Sana'a
Peers sun ci gaba da taka rawa a rayuwar shari'a da ta jama'a ta Oxfordshire. An san shi a matsayin Mai Rikodin Henley-on-Themes, babban jami'in shari'a na gundumar.  A shekara ta 1821, an naɗa Peers Babban Sheriff na Oxfordshire, wakilin bikin sarauta da gudanarwa na masarautar a gundumar.  A wannan shekarar aka naɗa shi Kyaftin-Kwamandan Rundunan Sojojin Ruwa na Oxfordshire, wanda aka sani da QOOH .  Peers shi ma alkalin Peace (JP) ne na Oxfordshire, yana kula da shari'ar yankin, kuma George Parker, Earl na 4 na Macclesfield ya naɗa shi Mataimakin Laftanar (DL) na gundumar, a 1831.   Ya kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Antiquaries . 

## manazarta
Matenadaran, shafi na 1g, doc. 1288

**Matenadaran, shafi na 1g, doc. 1288** wata doka ce ta Farisa (*manomi*) da aka adana a cikin Tarihin Katolika na Matenadaran a Armeniya" id="mwCw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Armenia">Armenia . Mai mulkin Iran Nader Shah (r.  1736-1747) ne ya fitar da shi bisa buƙatar 'yan kasuwa na Armenia daga Agulis (yanzu a Jamhuriyar Azerbaijan) tsakanin Disamba 1742 da Janairu 1743, an rubuta shi a rubutun *Shekasteh Nastaliq* . Dokar ta magance harajin da aka ɗora wa waɗannan 'yan kasuwa da kuma cin zarafin da jami'an Nader Shah suka yi. Bugu da ƙari, yana ba da taƙaitaccen bita game da yanayin tarihi, musamman yanayin tattalin arziki a daular Nader, gami da Agulis. An bayar da dokar ne don mayar da martani ga takardar neman izinin 'yan kasuwa na Armenia Hovhannes (Ovānis a Farisa) da Martiros (Mardīrūs a Farisa).

## Tarihi
Agulis, sanannen mazaunin Armeniya a lardin Nakhchivan, sananne ne ga aikin hannu da kuma haɗin kasuwanci mai yawa a cikin ƙarni na 17 zuwa 18. A wannan lokacin, yawancin 'yan kasuwa na Armeniya ne ke zaune a ciki. A cikin 1735, mai mulkin Iran Nader Shah (r.  1736-1747) ya ci Nakhchivan bayan jerin yaƙe-yaƙe da Ottomans kuma ya shiga cikin daularsa. Tsakanin shekara ta 1741 da farkon shekara ta 1743, yakin basasa na Nader Shah mai tsada da rashin nasara a Daghestan ya lalata kudaden daularsa. Don magance matsalar kudi, Nader Shah ya umarci gwamnoni a cikin 1742-1743 da su karɓi haraji da karɓar bashin, har ma daga waɗanda aka keɓe a baya. Wannan ya haifar da yaduwar cin hanci da rashawa da kuma tarar da jami'an Nader Shah suka ɗora wa jama'a. Rikicin tattalin arzikin daular ya tilasta wa gwamnati ta nemi kudade masu yawa daga mazauna ƙauyuka daban-daban, gami da 'yan kasuwa masu arziki waɗanda suka fuskanci tarar kuɗi da ƙarin haraji.

Tushen tarihi sun rubuta mummunan hali da Nader Shah ya yi wa 'yan kasuwa tun daga farkon mulkinsa. Masanin tarihin Armeniya Ibrahim Yerevantsi ya rubuta mummunar cin zarafin 'yan kasuwa Kirista a Hamadan a cikin 1730. Ƙarin bayanan mummunar tasiri ga 'yan kasuwa na Armeniya, musamman a New Julfa, an lura da su a cikin *Tarihin Carmelites* . Rashin kula da 'yan kasuwa da matsalolin tattalin arziki da suka haifar ya sa mutane da yawa su bar Iran zuwa ƙasashe inda suka kafa hanyoyin kasuwanci. Wannan ƙaura ya kara tsananta tattalin arziki a daular Nader Shah kuma ya haifar da fitowar 'yan kasuwa na Armeniya daga Kudancin Caucasus da New Julfa.

## Ƙarshen
Wannan dokar ta haskaka manufofin tattalin arziki a karkashin mulkin Nader Shah da kuma dabarun da aka yi amfani da su don cire kudi da kuma sanya ƙarin haraji ga 'yan kasuwa. Kodayake umarnin Nader Shah an yi niyya ne don magance waɗannan batutuwan, a ƙarshe ba su sauƙaƙa matsalar 'yan kasuwa ba. Matsi mara iyaka a kan gwamnati don kara yawan kudaden shiga daga dukkan batutuwa ya lalata tasirin waɗannan dokoki, wanda ya haifar da rikici da tashin hankali daga jami'an Nader Shah. Wannan yanayin cin zarafi da rashin kwanciyar hankali ya haifar da matsananciyar damuwa tsakanin 'yan kasuwa, wanda ya sa mutane da yawa su bar Iran.[1]

## Manazarta
Charles Peers

**Sir Charles Peers** (1661 - 29 Janairu 1737) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan Birtaniya wanda ya zama Shugaban Kamfanin Gabashin Indiya a 1714  kuma Lord Mayor na London a 1715.  Ya taɓa yin aiki a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Sheriffs na Birnin Landan a 1708–1709.  

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Peers ga Edmund Peers (wanda ya rasu a shekarar 1681) da Mary Walden, a shekarar 1661, na cocin St. Katherine Creechurch, Aldgate ward, London.  Ta wurin mahaifiyarsa, ɗan uwan Sir Lionel Walden ne, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Magajin Garin Huntingdon. An yi wa Peers karatu a Makarantar St Paul, Landan. 

Peers ɗan kasuwa ne mai aiki a tsakanin Málaga, London, da sauran tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Turai, yana aiki da kansa kuma a matsayin wakili ga wasu 'yan kasuwa a Ingila.  A shekara ta 1689, Peers ya auri Sarah Baud, 'yar uwar Lady Susanna Morden (née Brand), matar Sir John Morden, wanda ya kafa Kwalejin Morden .  Ta hanyar wannan haɗin gwiwa, Peers ya faɗaɗa muradun kasuwancinsa, an ruwaito yana karɓar kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na hannun jari a cikin wani mutumin Gabashin Indiya, 'Dan Kasuwar Velez' a matsayin wani ɓangare na sadakin Sarah. 

Bayanan cinikin takwarorinsa sun nuna tafiye-tafiye daga Málaga zuwa Amsterdam, Hamburg, Danzig, da hanyoyin transatlantic ciki har da Boston zuwa Jamaica, tare da Bristol a matsayin babbar tashar jiragen ruwa ta Ingila. Cinikinsa ya haɗa da kayayyaki kamar giya, sherry, 'ya'yan itace, mai, sabulu, goro, indigo, fatu, safa na siliki, da agogo . 

Ya fara aikinsa a matsayin mai sayar da gishiri (mai siyar da gishiri) sannan kuma a matsayin abokin tarayya na London na William Morley da Kamfanin Málaga, 'yan kasuwa da masu shigo da kaya. Daga baya ya zama Kansilan gama gari na Aldgate Ward 1701–8, da kuma Alderman na Tower Ward 1708–37. 

Abokan aikinsa sun yi aiki a matsayin Jagora na Kamfanin Masu Bautawa na Salters, ɗaya daga cikin Manyan Kamfanonin Living na Birnin Landan a tsakanin 1716-17. 

Ya kasance Daraktan Bankin Ingila a shekarun 1705-07 da 1708-12, Daraktan Kamfanin New East India a shekarun 1701-05 da 1706-09, kuma Daraktan Kamfanin United East India a shekarun 1712-15. Ya kasance Shugaban Kamfanin na baya-bayan nan a shekarun 1714-15. 

An ba shi sarautar sarauta a ranar 16 ga Yuli, 1707, ta hannun Sarauniya Anne ta Burtaniya .  Ya yi aiki a matsayin Sheriff na Birnin Landan (1708–1709) da kuma a matsayin Lord Mayor na Landan (1715–16), wanda aka ba shi lambar yabo da ke nuna matsayinsa na ɗan ƙasa. 

## manazarta
Stephen Perry (marubuci)

**Stephen J. Perry** (Disamba 12, 1954 - Mayu 2010)   marubuci ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka na zane mai rai da littattafan barkwanci .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Perry ya yi rubutu a shirye-shiryen talabijin na *ThunderCats* da *Silverhawks* a shekarun 1980, da kuma jerin littattafan barkwanci *na Timespirits* da *ThunderCats*, da sauransu.

A shekara ta 2008, an gano cewa Perry yana da cutar kansar mafitsara wadda aka yi masa tiyata, amma ya sake bayyana a tsakiyar matsalolin kuɗi wanda hakan ya sa aka taimaka wa The Hero Initiative .   Bayanan martabarsa a Facebook sun ce, "Na gano, shekara guda da ta wuce, ina da cutar kansa lokacin da na shiga ɗakin gaggawa ba tare da inshora ko likita ba. Sun cire ƙari, sun kore ni bayan kwana biyar, kuma yanzu cutar kansa ta dawo. Godiya ga Shirin Hero, na rayu na ɗan lokaci don samun Medicaid da walwala, kuma yanzu ina da Likitoci, kuma zan iya samun kulawar da ta dace don ƙoƙarin tsira daga sake dawowar cutar kansa." 

Perry ya fitar da wata sanarwa don yaba wa taimakon da ya samu daga The Hero Initiative wanda ya ce, "Shirin ya ba ni damar samun wasu Medicaid da tambarin abinci, kuma duk da cewa koyaushe muna cikin haɗarin rasa gidanmu, wutar lantarki da kayanmu a kowane lokaci, koyaushe zan kasance mai godiya daga zurfin zuciyata tsawon watanni shida da suka gabata na rayuwa mai ƙarfi ta gida da na yi da ƙaramin ɗana."  

Da roƙon Steve Bissette na taimaka wa abokinsa, abokiyar aikinta Elizabeth Massie ta jagoranci wani taron tara kuɗi ga Perry a Facebook tare da taimakon marubuciya Laura Anne Gilman, da kuma Horror World wanda ya fara a ranar 3 ga Mayu, 2010, kuma ya tara dala 1,140 kafin 14 ga Mayu. A ƙarshen wannan tara kuɗi, 'yan kwanaki ne tun lokacin da abokai ko dangi suka ji labarin Perry.

### Bacewa
A cewar rahotannin labarai, Stephen Perry da abokan zamansa, Roxanne da James Davis, sun ɓace daga gidansu da ke Zephyrhills, Florida, a watan Mayu na 2010, inda aka ganshi na ƙarshe a ranar 9 ga Mayu.  An kama Davises a ranar 21 ga Mayu bisa "tuhumar gwaji da miyagun ƙwayoyi". A wurin ajiye motoci na wani otel a Tampa, Florida, a ranar 16 ga Mayu, 'yan sanda sun gano wani hannu da aka yanke a cikin wata motar da aka yi wa rijista ga Perry bayan koke-koken wari mara daɗi. 

Fiye da makonni biyu sun shude ba tare da an tabbatar da mutuwarsa a bainar jama'a ba, kuma a ranar 27 ga Mayu, 'yan sandan Zephyrhills sun tabbatar da cewa Steve Perry ne aka kashe a kisan kai.  'Yan sanda sun kuma binciki ko akwai alaƙa da tikitin caca na dala miliyan 10 da aka saya a wani shago da ke kusa kafin Perry ya ɓace.  A ƙarshe, ba a sami wata alaƙa ba

## manazarta
Russ Peterson (kocin)

**Russell E. Peterson** kwararren kocin ƙwallon kwando ne na kwaleji, ƙwallon ƙafa, da kuma ƙwallon baseball na Amurka. Ya yi aiki a matsayin kocin wasanni da yawa a Kwalejin Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Amurka da Jami'ar Boston .

## Rayuwa ta farko
Peterson ɗan asalin Springfield ne, Massachusetts, inda ya halarci Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Sakandare. Daga nan ya ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin Springfield, inda ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa da lacrosse .  Ya kammala karatunsa a matsayin memba na ajin 1932. 

## Aikin koyarwa
Peterson ya fara aikinsa na koyarwa a matsayin mataimakin kocin ƙwallon ƙafa a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Springfield.  A shekarar 1933, shugaban Kwalejin Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Amurka Chester McGown ya ɗauki Peterson aiki a matsayin darektan wasanni na farko na makarantar. Peterson ya kafa shirin ƙwallon kwando na Amurka a shekarar 1933, da kuma shirye-shiryen ƙwallon ƙafa, ƙwallon baseball, da ƙwallon ƙafa a shekarar 1934.   A ranar 13 ga Oktoba, 1939, Peterson ya horar da American International don samun babbar nasara, inda ya doke Saint Anselm da ci 7-6 a Pynchon Park. Bayan ya sha kashi 6-0, sai aka rage 1:30, American International ta zaɓi yin bugun ƙwallo, amma mai bugun ƙwallo ya jefa ƙwallon da ta jike, aka tilasta masa ya gudu . Wani toshe ya ba shi damar shiga kuma ya yi gudu 60.&nbsp;yadi don taɓawa . Kocin American International na gaba Henry Butova ya zira kwallayen da suka fi yawa don tabbatar da nasarar.  Peterson ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin ƙwallon ƙafa da ƙwallon kwando a American International.  Daga 1934 zuwa 1940, ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafarsa sun tattara rikodin 16–27–2.  A matsayinsa na kocin ƙwallon kwando daga 1933 zuwa 1941, ya tattara rikodin 45–59. 

A shekarar 1941, Jami'ar Boston ta ɗauke shi aiki a matsayin mai horar da 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta kuma a matsayin mai horar da ' yan wasan ƙwallon kwando na farko.   A shekarar 1943, Jami'ar Boston ta kuma naɗa Peterson a matsayin babban mai horar da 'yan wasan ƙwallon baseball.  A wannan shekarar, ya bar makarantar na ɗan lokaci don ɗaukar kwamiti a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka a matsayin mai koyar da ilimin motsa jiki a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu .   Peterson ya koma Boston ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai horar da ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando daga 1945 zuwa 1948 kuma ya tattara rikodin 36–18.  A shekarar 1948, an ɗaukaka shi zuwa matsayin mai horar da 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na farko.  A watan Agusta 1949, Peterson ya yi murabus daga muƙaminsa a Boston domin ya ɗauki matsayin darektan wasanni a Makarantar Sakandare ta Arlington da ke Arlington, Massachusetts .  A shekarar 1953, ya karɓi ragamar horar da ƙwallon ƙafa a Makarantar Sakandare ta Fasaha ta Springfield, inda ya ci gaba da zama har zuwa 1958, lokacin da ya yi murabus domin ya zama darektan wasanni na makarantun gwamnati na Springfield, Massachusetts .   Ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1970.

## manazarta
Ba da Ba da Ba'a

**Bailed Up** zane ne na 1895 na ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Australiya Tom Roberts. Hoton ya nuna wani kocin mataki wanda bushrangers ke riƙewa a cikin wani yanki mai nisa, ɓangaren gandun daji na hanyar baya. Hoton yana daga cikin tarin Art Gallery na New South Wales l. kuma wani tsohon Babban Mai Kula da shi ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mafi girman yanayin Australiya da aka taɓa fentin".

## Rubuce-rubuce
Roberts ya zana aikin yayin da yake zaune a Tashar tumaki ta Newstead - kusa da Inverell, New South Wales - mallakar abokinsa Duncan Anderson. Ya riga ya zana The Golden Fleece, zanensa na biyu wanda ke nuna aski tumaki, yayin da yake Newstead. Shahararren bushranger Kyaftin Thunderbolt ya kasance mai aiki a yankin Inverell sama da shekaru ashirin da biyar da suka gabata kuma Roberts ya ɗauki ra'ayin zanen yanayin bushranging.

Roberts ya sami wurinsa don zanen a kan hanyar tsakanin Newstead da Aljanna, tashar makwabta. Wurin ya kasance mai nisa, a kan karkata a kan tudu mai tsawo na hanya, kewaye da "itace-itace na ciyawa da gandun daji mai tsawo. "[1] A wannan wuri Roberts, tare da taimakon dangin Anderson, ya gina dandalin kallo a cikin itace da ke girma a kan gangaren da ke ƙasa da hanya, don haka ya kafa kansa a matakin hanya. Roberts ya zana kocin Cobb da Co a Inverell kuma ya tsara haruffa a cikin zanen a kan mutane a Inverel da kuma hannun tashar a Newstead. Kafin ya fara a kan babban zane Roberts "ya yi ƙananan zane-zane da zane-zane na man fetur na yadda yake son yanayin ya kasance."[1]

## Karɓar baƙi
Da zarar an kammala, Roberts ya nuna Bailed Up a Sydney da Melbourne. Karɓar karɓa ga aikin ya haɗu; tare da sharhi a cikin manema labarai game da "yadda aka nuna ƙafafun maza, ko fatar dawakai" da sauransu. Pearce ya yi la'akari da cewa "[watakila] ƙudurin hoto mara gamsarwa ya kasance" ta hanyar masu tarawa.[p] Ko ta yaya, na tsawon shekaru talatin zanen ya kasa samun mai siye. Roberts ya rage farashin da yake nema daga £ 275 zuwa guineas 75 a cikin 1900 amma har yanzu babu mai siye da za a iya samu.

A cikin 1927, Roberts ya sake yin zane kuma girman wannan sake aikin ya kasance da wahala a tabbatar. Yin amfani da hotunan X-ray, masana tarihi na fasaha yanzu suna tunanin cewa Roberts ya sauƙaƙa aikin sosai, yana mai da shi mai laushi da kuma mafi ban mamaki, a cikin salon zamani wanda ya shiga cikin vogue a wannan lokacin. A ƙarshe an sayar da zanen don guineas 500 a 1928, wanda lauyan Sydney, J. W. Maund ya saya. Maund ya kuma kasance mai kula da Art Gallery na New South Wales kuma nan da nan ya ba da zanen ga gallery - ya sayar musu da shi shekaru biyar bayan haka.

A kan hanyar zuwa baje kolin a Melbourne a 1956 - wani ɓangare na shirin al'adu na Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 1956 - zanen ya fadi daga bayan mota. Hoton ya lalace amma an dawo da shi cikin nasara.

## Bayanan al'adu
Mai zane-zane na Australiya Ben Quilty ya sake yin Bailed Up a cikin zanen 2004 Gold Soil Wealth for Toil . Gidan zane-zane na New South Wales ne ya saye shi.

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin zane-zane na Tom Roberts

## Manazarta
Russ Peters

**Russ Peters** ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan ƙasar Birtaniya, wanda ya kasance manajan daraktan P&O Ferries daga 1998 zuwa 2006.

## Sana'a
Peters ya fara aiki da P&O a shekarar 1987, da farko a matsayin darektan sufuri na P&O European Ferries.  Daga nan ya zama manajan darakta na P&O North Sea Ferries a shekarar 1990, kafin ya zama manajan darakta na P&O Ferries Dover daga 1994 zuwa 1998.  Lokacin da haɗin gwiwa da Stena Line suka ƙirƙiri P&O Stena Line a watan Maris na 1998, Peters ya zama manajan darakta.  Bayan shekaru takwas da babban jami'i, ya yi ritaya a 2006, inda Helen Deeble ta maye gurbinsa.  A lokaci guda ya yi ritaya daga Shugaban Ferrymasters da kuma babban kwamitin P&O.

A halin yanzu shi memba ne na kwamitin gudanarwa wanda ba na zartarwa ba ne na International Students House, wata ƙungiyar agaji mai rijista wacce ke ba da masauki ga ɗaliban jami'a a tsakiyar London.

## Manazarta
Beverley Palesa Ditsie

**Beverley Palesa Ditsie** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1971) 'yar fafutukar ' yan madigo ce ta Afirka ta Kudu, mai zane, kuma mai shirya fina-finai .   Ditsie tana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin 'yan luwaɗi ta Gay and Lesbian Organization of Witwatersrand .

A lokacin da take magana game da mahimmancin la'akari da haƙƙin LGBT a cikin mahallin haƙƙin ɗan adam a taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 4 kan Mata a Beijing a 1995, ta zama mace ta farko da ta fito fili ta yi hakan. Wannan kuma shine karo na farko da aka yi wa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya jawabi game da batutuwan LGBT,  inda Ditsie ta ce, "idan taron duniya kan mata zai magance damuwar dukkan mata, dole ne ya fahimci cewa wariya bisa ga sha'awar jima'i take hakki ne na haƙƙin ɗan adam na asali".

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Beverly Ditsie a watan Nuwamba 1971 kuma ta girma a unguwar Orlando West, Soweto, Afirka ta Kudu.

Ditsie ta fara nuna juriya ga mata masu tsauri a matsayin jinsi. Mahaifiyarta, Eaglette Ditsie, wata shahararriyar mawaƙiya mai yawon buɗe ido kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, wacce ta gabatar da ita ga shirye-shiryen fina-finai, ta sami kwarin gwiwa. Lokacin da mahaifiyarta ta sami rawar da ta taka a wani shirin talabijin, furodusoshi suna buƙatar ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na yara wanda ya yi kama da ita. Sun yi tunanin Ditsie yaro ne kuma sun sanya ta a matsayin ɗan mahaifiyarta a kan allo. Ta rungumi waɗannan rawar, daga baya ta ce ta ji kanta fiye da kowane lokaci. 

A ranar haihuwarta ta 16, Ditsie ta shirya wani biki wanda ya nuna wani muhimmin lokaci a rayuwarta. A lokacin bikin, wata kawarta ta ba ta labarin Simon Tseko Nkoli, wani mai fafutukar kare hakkin wariyar launin fata da aka bayyana a matsayin ɗan luwaɗi wanda aka wanke kwanan nan a shari'ar cin amanar ƙasar Delmas bayan ta fuskanci hukuncin kisa tare da wasu shugabannin siyasa 21.

Bayan halartar ɗaya daga cikin tarurrukan Simon Nkoli a Jami'ar Wits, Ditsie ta fahimci cewa babu matsalolin LGBTQ+ a cikin gwagwarmayar yaƙi da wariyar launin fata. Nkoli ta zama mai ba ta shawara, inda ta gabatar da ita ga masu tunani na mata kamar baƙar fata kamar Audre Lorde da Barbara Smith . Tare da Nkoli da Linda Ngcobo, ta haɗu suka kafa Ƙungiyar 'Yan Luwaɗi da 'Yan Madigo ta Witwatersrand (GLOW), wadda ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da kariyar kundin tsarin mulki ga haƙƙin LGBTQ+ a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Afirka ta Kudu na 1996. 

A shekarar 1990, GLOW ta shirya zanga-zangar Pride ta farko a Afirka ta Kudu, wadda ita ce ta farko a nahiyar Afirka, inda ta jawo hankalin mahalarta sama da 800 duk da fargabar tashin hankali da farko. Ga Ditsie, taron ya kasance wani lokaci na 'yanci mai zurfi, kodayake ya kawo mata barazana sosai bayan an nuna shi a talabijin.

## manazarta
Beverley Pold

**Beverley Pold** ( **Bev Pold** ), shine manajan Ci gaban Kasuwanci/Manufofi, Chwarae Teg /Fair Play, Cardiff.

A shekarar 2009, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Sarauniya don Tallafawa Kasuwanci .  A shekarar 2014 an zaɓe ta don lambar yabo ta St. David's Enterprise Award. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

Pold ita ce mataimakiyar shugabar hukumar kasuwanci ta karkara [[Antur Teifi]], mai ba da gudummawa ga ƙungiyar [[Women's Enterprise UK Policy|manufofin mata ta kasuwanci ta Burtaniya]] kuma memba ce a ƙungiyar ba da shawara ta Jami'ar South Wales WAVE ( [[Women Adding Value to the Economy|Women Adding Value to Economy]] ). <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

## Manazarta
Ralph na Leon

**Rafael August Arayata de Leon** (an haife shi a ranar 30 ga Agusta, 2000), wanda aka fi sani da **Ralph de Leon**, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na ƙasar Filipino, mai tallan kayan kawa, kuma mai wasan judoka . An san shi da rawar da ya taka a matsayin Dr. Kevin Gonzales a cikin shirin wasan kwaikwayo na ban mamaki *na High Street* (2024)  da kuma abokin zama a cikin *Pinoy Big Brother: Celebrity Collab Edition* (2025). 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Ralph de Leon  a ranar 30 ga Agusta, 2000, a Tanza, Cavite, Philippines .  Bangaren mahaifiyarsa yana da alaƙa da siyasa, musamman a Tanza, Cavite. Kakan De Leon, Ashley Arayata, ya yi aiki a matsayin magajin garin Tanza daga 2007 zuwa 2016, yayin da wasu 'yan uwa membobin kwamitin gudanarwa ne. Duk da haka, Arayatas ba sa ci gaba da shiga harkokin siyasa. De Leon ya kuma nuna rashin sha'awarsa da 'yan uwansa a fagen  .

A lokacin da yake makarantar sakandare a Ateneo, de Leon ya kasance ɗalibi mai daraja a koyaushe.  Baya ga ƙoƙarinsa na ilimi, ya kuma yi wa Judo hidima a matsayin wasan gasa, inda zai yi aiki a matsayin kyaftin na ƙungiyar judo ta makarantar sakandare. A tsakanin 2018 zuwa 2022, de Leon ya halarci Jami'ar Ateneo De Manila (ADMU) a ƙarƙashin shirin digiri na farko a fannin Injiniyan Gudanarwa  . Ya zaɓi shirin saboda yanayin kasuwancinsa da kuma matsayin abin da ya sa ya fara mafarkin zama lauya a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa - wanda bai ci gaba da binsa ba. A wannan lokacin, de Leon ya yarda cewa yana tsayawa takara don girmamawa ta Latin, amma daga baya ya ragu saboda kulle-kullen COVID-19  . De Leon shi ma yana cikin ƙungiyar judo ta ADMU, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin kyaftin na ƙungiyar na ɗan lokaci  .

Ya fara sha'awar kiɗa kuma ya koyi buga piano tun yana yaro.  Mahaifinsa, mai ɗaukar hoto kuma mai ɗaukar bidiyo, ya gabatar da shi ga kyamarori tun yana ƙarami, inda de Leon ya sami sha'awar kasancewa a gaban kyamara. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Aikin 'yan wasa
De Leon ya fara yin wasan judo tun yana ɗan shekara 12 ta hanyar ƙarfafa gwiwar ɗan uwansa wanda yake cikin ƙungiyar Judo ta makarantar sakandare ta Ateneo.  Daga nan, ya fafata a gasannin judo da yawa a tsawon lokacin karatunsa, inda ya sami lambobin yabo da yawa sannan daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin kyaftin na ƙungiyar. 

A shekarunsa na kwaleji, de Leon ya shiga ƙungiyar Ateneo Judo Team, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin kyaftin na ƙungiyar na ɗan lokaci. Ya kuma halarci gasa, ciki har da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Jami'a ta Philippines (UAAP), inda ya lashe kyaututtuka da yawa. A shekarar 2018, de Leon ya lashe lambar zinare a gasar judo ta UAAP - 73kg  . A shekara mai zuwa, ya ɗauki azurfa don wannan rukunin  .

## manazarta
Ben Reid

**Ben Reid** (an haife shi a ranar 29 ga Afrilu 1989) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Australiya wanda ya buga wa Collingwood wasa a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Australia (AFL).

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Reid ya girma a Wangaratta Victoria, inda ya halarci Kwalejin Katolika ta Galen . &#x5B; ** &#x5D; Shi ɗan tsohon ɗan wasan Footscray da Carlton ne, Bruce Reid .  Ƙaninsa Sam Reid shi ma yana buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta AFL ga Sydney Swans .

## Aikin AFL
An zaɓi Reid da ɗan wasan Collingwood na farko a gasar AFL ta 2006, wanda aka zaɓa lamba takwas, kuma an ba shi lamba 20 ta Guernsey wadda Chris Tarrant ya sallama, bayan an sayar da shi ga Fremantle Dockers . Reid ya fara buga wasa a Collingwood a zagaye na 13, 2007 da Hawthorn, yana da shekaru 18 da watanni 2. Shi ne ɗan wasa mafi ƙanƙanta a gasar AFL a lokacin.  Da farko an ɗauke shi a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba, yanzu an san shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun masu tsaron baya a wasan.  Ya taɓa bugawa Murray Bushrangers, Wangaratta Rovers da Bright Junior Football Club.

### 2010
Kafin shekarar 2010, Reid ya buga wasanni 8 kacal daga 2007 zuwa 2009. Shekarar 2010 ta zama shekarar da ya fi samun nasara lokacin da ya ci gaba da buga wasanni 21 daga cikin 26 da zai iya bugawa. A zagaye na 12, an zaɓe shi don kyautar AFL Rising Star, kuma ya kammala a matsayi na 10 a jimilla. Reid ya buga wasanni biyu na Grand Finals a gaban Justin Koschitzke na St Kilda . A wasan karshe na Grand Final, Reid ya ji rauni a kafa, amma yana son ci gaba da wasa da kuma kammala wasan. Daga baya aka gano cewa ya ci gaba da wasa da karaya a cinyarsa. 

### 2011
Reid ya ci gaba da kyakkyawan yanayinsa kuma an ba shi kyautar da aka zaɓa a ƙungiyar All-Australian ta 2011 a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na tsakiya  da kuma matsayi na bakwai a gasar Copeland Trophy, kyautar Collingwood mafi kyau da adalci.  Duk da haka kakarsa ta ƙare da rashin nasara, inda Tom Hawkins ya doke shi da kyau a gasar AFL Grand Final ta 2011.  Ya ji rauni a kugunsa a lokacin da yake jagorantar gasar har zuwa wasan ƙarshe na cancanta, makonni uku da suka gabata.  

### Ritaya
Reid ya sanar da yin ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta AFL a ƙarshen shekarar 2020 bayan ya jagoranci wasanni biyu kacal a kakar wasa ta bana saboda rauni. 

## manazarta
Wutar ta ci gaba

**Wutar ta kan** ita ce mai na 1891 a kan zane mai zane-zane na Australiya Arthur Streeton . Hoton ya nuna gina Ramin Glenbrook (wanda aka fi sani da ramin Lapstone) ta hanyar Blue Mountains. Abin mamaki ga wuri mai faɗi, zanen yana tsaye tare da layin sararin samaniya. Taken zanen yana nufin kiran gargadi kafin fashewar fashewar.

An bayyana zanen a matsayin "mafi girman aikin" Streeton.[1] Kamar aikinsa na zamani Tom Roberts Shearing the Rams (1890), Fire's on alama ce ta kishin kasa ta Australiya tare da nuna aikin maza mai karfi wanda ke gina arzikin kasar. A cikin Wutar, duk da haka, ma'aikata da kansu sun ragu da "yanayin Australiya mai zafi".[1]

Hoton ya samo asali ne daga Art Gallery na New South Wales a 1893 kuma ya kasance wani ɓangare na tarin sa.

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Wutar tana kan gaba a Gidan zane-zane na New South Wales
* Bayani na sauti - Wuta tana ci gaba. Daga Turner zuwa Monet: nasarar wuri mai faɗi, National Gallery of Australia
Ben Reid (mai ba da hadin kai)

**Ben Reid** memba ne na kwamitin gudanarwa na International Cooperative Alliance kuma tsohon Shugaba na Midcounties Co-operative .

## Sana'a
Ya fara aikinsa a matsayin ma'aikaci a wani ƙaramin haɗin gwiwa a Ilkeston .  Ya koma Walsall a shekarar 1988, lokacin da aka naɗa shi mataimakin babban jami'in gudanarwa na West Midlands Co-op. Ya zama babban jami'i a shekarar 1992. A shekarar 2005, West Midlands ta haɗu da ƙungiyar Oxford, Swindon da Gloucester Society don zama ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa ta Midcounties.

A ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa, Midcounties Co-operative ya girma ya zama babban haɗin gwiwa mai zaman kansa a Burtaniya kuma ya koma kula da yara, tafiye-tafiye, lafiya da makamashi.  A ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa, Midcounties Co-operative ya zama zakara na farko na Alamar Haraji Mai Kyau  kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Cooperatives UK . 

A shekarar 2018, an naɗa Reid a matsayin Shugaban Shrewsbury da Telford Hospital NHS Trust,  kuma a shekarar 2019 ne Shugaban Jami'ar Wolverhampton . 

## Manazarta
John Reynolds (mai wasan kwaikwayo)

**John Paul Reynolds** (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Agusta, 1991) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma marubuci ɗan Amurka wanda aka fi sani da rawar da ya taka a matsayin Andrew "Drew" Gardner a cikin shirin barkwanci mai duhu na TBS *[[Search Party (TV series)|Search Party]]* (2016–22)  da Caleb Duffy a cikin shirin barkwanci mai ban dariya na Hulu *[[Four Weddings and a Funeral (miniseries)|Four Weddings and a Funeral]]* (2019). Reynolds kuma sananne ne saboda rawar da ya taka a baya a matsayin Officer Callahan a cikin shirin barkwanci na Netflix *[[Abubuwan Baƙi|Stranger Things]]* (2016–2025) da kuma Detective Matt Saracusa a kakar wasa ta biyu ta shirin barkwanci mai ban tsoro na Showtime *[[Yellowjackets (TV series)|Yellowjackets]]* (2023).

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi John Reynolds a ranar 5 ga Agusta, 1991, a Madison, Wisconsin, inda ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Madison West . 

## Sana'a
Reynolds ya fara aikinsa a Chicago yana da shekaru 18. Ya kammala karatunsa daga Cibiyar Horarwa ta IO da kuma Kwalejin Conservatory ta Second City da ke Chicago, kuma ya yi wasanni akai-akai a IO Chicago, The Annoyance, Chemically Imbalanced Comedy, The Playground, da kuma Upstairs Gallery.  Ya kuma kasance cikin ƙungiyar Kill All Comedy tare da masu barkwanci Conner O'Malley da Gary Richardson. 

Reynolds ya ce ya dogara ne da halinsa *na Search Party* Drew Gardner bisa gogewarsa a lokacin da ya girma a Midwest: "Na girma a Madison, Wisconsin, kuma na kafa shi a matsayin mutumin da zan sani a Midwest wanda ke ganin 'yan uwansa suna girma ta wata hanya, kuma yana son ya ci gaba da wannan matsayin tare da iyalinsa, kuma ba ya son ya kasance a cikin wani yanayi."

A shekarar 2023, Reynolds ta yi wasan barkwanci kai tsaye *mai suna No Tengo Escuela* tare da mai barkwanci Carmen Christopher, tare da yin wasan kwaikwayo a Union Hall da ke New York  da kuma Soho Theatre da ke Landan .

### Fim

## manazarta
John Reynes

**John Reynes** ( f. 1527–1545) mai sayar da littattafai ne, mai buga littattafai, mai buga littattafai, kuma mai ɗaure littattafai a Landan a ƙarni na 16. An haife shi Jan Rijens a Wageningen, Gueldres, a cikin ƙasashe masu ƙasƙanci, kuma an ba shi wasiƙun zama ɗan ƙasa a ranar 7 ga Yuni 1510.
  

Sunan Reynes ya fara bayyana a cikin rubutun littafin Ralph Higden mai suna *Polycronycon*, wanda aka buga a shekarar 1527, kuma ya ci gaba da buga littattafai a lokaci-lokaci har zuwa 1544. An fi saninsa da mai ɗaure littattafai kuma akwai wasu takardu da aka buga waɗanda ke ɗauke da na'urarsa. A gefe ɗaya, suna da tambari mai ɗauke da alamun sha'awa, da kuma rubutun *Redemptoris mundi arma*, a ɗayan kuma tambari ya raba zuwa sassa biyu waɗanda ke ɗauke da hannun Ingila da Tudor rose . Sauran tambarin nasa, waɗanda adadinsu ya kai shida, sun fi yawa.

John Cawood, firintar, wanda ya kasance ƙwararren Kamfanin Masu Tashar a 1557, ya yi koyon aiki a Reynes, kuma ya sanya taga a cikin ɗakin tunawa da shi.

## Manazarta
Daniel Rowlinson Ratcliff

**Daniel Rowlinson Ratcliff** (2 Oktoba 1837 - 1923)   wani ƙwararren mai kera kayan kariya ne na Ingila kuma ɗan siyasa mai sassaucin ra'ayi wanda ya zauna a Majalisar Wakilai a 1880.

An haifi Ratcliff a Birmingham, ɗan Joseph Ratcliff na Edgbaston, ga dangin masu kera motoci da waɗanda suka kafa su.   Abokin hulɗa ne a kamfanin Thomas Milner da Son mai tsaro.  Ya kasance JP na Worcestershire da Warwickshire . 

A babban zaɓen 1880, an zaɓi Ratcliff a matsayin ɗan majalisar dokoki na Evesham . An ayyana zaɓensa a matsayin wanda ba shi da inganci a watan Yunin 1880. 

Ratcliff yana zaune a Mansion House, Great Alne, Warwickshire tare da matarsa Jane da 'ya'ya da dama a 1881.  A 1889 ya kafa kamfanin Ratner Safe tare da ɗansa William Milner Ratcliff da John Horner. 

Ya mutu yana da shekaru 85.

Ratcliff ya auri Jane Milner 'yar Thomas Milner tilo a shekarar 1862. 

## Manazarta
Winfried Bischoff

**Sir Winfried Franz Wilhelm Bischoff** (10 ga Mayu 1941 - 25 ga Afrilu 2023) ɗan asalin ƙasar Jamus ne wanda ya kasance shugaban Lloyds Banking Group . Ya taba aiki a matsayin shugaban da kuma Shugaba na wucin gadi na Citigroup a 2007.  Vikram Pandit ne ya gaje shi a matsayin Shugaba a ranar 11 ga Disamba 2007. Bischoff ya sauka a matsayin shugaban a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu 2009 kuma Richard Parsons ya maye gurbinsa. Yana da 'yan ƙasa biyu na Burtaniya da Jamus.

An ba Bischoff lambar yabo a cikin 2000 New Year Honours don hidimomi ga Banking. 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Winfried Bischoff a Aachen, Jamus, ɗan ɗan kasuwa mai shigo da fitarwa Paul Bischoff da Hildegard, née Kühn, wanda ke aiki a matsayin mai kula da yara a London lokacin da ta sadu da mijinta na gaba.[1] Bischoff yana da ilimi na farko a Cologne da Düsseldorf . A shekara ta 1955, ya koma Johannesburg inda ya sami digiri na farko na kasuwanci a Jami'ar Witwatersrand a shekara ta 1961.

## Ayyuka
Bischoff ya yi aiki a Sashen Duniya na Bankin Chase Manhattan daga 1962 zuwa 1963. Ya shiga J. Henry Schroder &amp;amp; Co. Limited a Landan a 1966 a cikin Kamfanin Kudi na Kamfanin. A shekara ta 1971, ya zama manajan darektan Schroders Asia Limited a Hong Kong. Ya zama shugaban zartarwa na kungiyar Schroders plc a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1984, lokacin da Schroders ya kai fam miliyan 30. Ya zama shugaban a watan Mayu 1995. A shekara ta 2000, Citi ta sayi sashen banki na saka hannun jari na kamfanin na £ 1.3 biliyan ta hanyar reshen Smith Barney.

Bischoff ya shiga Citi a matsayin shugaban Citigroup Turai kuma ya kasance memba na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Citigroup Inc., matsayin da ya rike har sai an nada shi shugaban a watan Nuwamba 2007. Ya kasance darektan da ba babban ba a Samp;P Global, Eli Lilly da Kamfanin, Land Securities, Akbank, da Prudential. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;**&#x5D;

A ranar 27 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2009, an nada shi shugaban kungiyar Lloyds Banking Group kuma ya hau matsayin shugaban a ranar 15 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 2009. Ya rike wannan mukamin har sai da ya yi ritaya a ranar 3 ga Afrilu 2014. 

Tsakanin Mayu 2014 da Oktoba 2019 ya kasance shugaban Majalisar Rahoton Kudi ta Burtaniya. 

Bischoff ta kasance memba na 30% Club, ƙungiyar shugabannin FTSE-100 da suka himmatu ga samun akalla kashi 30% na membobin kwamitin su mata.

## Rayuwa da mutuwarsa
Bischoff ya mutu a ranar 25 ga Afrilu 2023, yana da shekaru 81. 

## Manazarta
William Rathbone V

**William Rathbone na biyar** (17 ga Yuni 1787 - 1 ga Fabrairu 1868) ɗan kasuwa ne kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Ingila, yana aiki a matsayin Magajin Garin Liverpool .

William Rathbone ɗan Quaker ne har sai da ƙungiyar abokai ta yi watsi da shi a shekarar 1820. Daga nan ya shiga ƙungiyar Unitarian a Renshaw Street Chapel .   Rathbones fitattun membobin ƙungiyar Liverpool ne kuma an san su da 'yan kasuwa da masu jiragen ruwa . 

Sanannen da wadata na dangin Rathbone na Liverpool sun danganta da ci gaban wannan birni a matsayin babbar tashar jiragen ruwa ta ciniki ta Tekun Atlantika. William shine ɗan fari na William Rathbone na IV da Hannah Mary (née Reynolds). An haife shi a shekara ta 1787, kodayake mutum-mutumin da aka gina a Sefton Park ya ba da shekarar haihuwarsa a matsayin 1788. William ya shiga haɗin gwiwa a matsayin ɗan kasuwa tare da ɗan'uwansa Richard .

An zaɓi William Rathbone a matsayin kansila mai gyara hali (Liberal) a gundumar Pitt Street da ke Liverpool a zaɓen Majalisar farko a 1835, daga baya aka sake zaɓe shi a 1837,   gundumar Vauxhall a 1845,  Lord Magajin Garin Liverpool a 1837, kuma ya yi fafutukar kawo sauye-sauye a zamantakewa. Ya goyi bayan Kitty Wilkinson wajen kafa wuraren wanka da kuma wuraren wanka na jama'a bayan annobar kwalara ta 1832, ya kasance mai goyon bayan Dokar Gyaran Gari ta 1835, kuma shi ne ke da alhakin rarraba kudaden agaji na New England a lokacin yunwar Ireland ta 1846–1847 (duba Ƙungiyar Agajin Gaggawa ta Burtaniya ). Rathbone ya mutu a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 1868 a Greenbank House, tare da mutane sama da 1,000 da suka halarci jana'izarsa.

## manazarta
James Righton

**James Nicholas Righton** (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Agusta 1983) mawaki ne ɗan Ingila. Baya ga yin aiki a matsayin mawaƙi, shi ne mai kunna madannai na sabuwar ƙungiyar rave Klaxons da ke Landan, wacce ta wargaje a shekarar 2015.  A watan Maris na 2016, Righton ya sanar da sabon aikinsa na Shock Machine tare da bidiyon da Saam Farahmand ya jagoranta.  Righton ya fitar da kundin wakokinsa na farko mai suna *[[The Performer (James Righton album)|The Performer]]* a kan lakabin Deewee na Soulwax a watan Maris na 2020.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Righton a Leamington Spa, Ingila. Mahaifin Righton, wanda shi ma mawaki ne, ya ƙarfafa shi ya zama ɓangare na ƙungiyoyi da dama waɗanda ke yin waƙa akai-akai yayin da yake makarantar sakandare ta Stratford-upon-Avon . 

## Sana'a
A lokacin da yake makarantar sakandare a Stratford-upon-Avon, Righton ya haɗu da Simon Taylor-Davis kuma ya koya masa buga guitar.  Yayin da yake aiki don neman aiki a matsayin mai yin wasan kwaikwayo, Righton ya yi aiki a matsayin malamin kiɗa.  Ya halarci bikin Benicàssim, inda ya sake haɗuwa da Simon Taylor-Davis, kuma ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka su biyun suka haɗu da Jamie Reynolds a New Cross, London.  Lokacin da Reynolds ya rasa aikinsa, ya sayi kayan studio tare da kuɗin da ya kashe . Mutanen uku sun fara yin rikodi da yin wasa kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin sunan "Klaxons (Not Centaurs)", sunan da Filippo Tommaso Marinetti 's *The Futurist Manifesto* ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi.  A shekara ta 2005 wannan ƙungiyar ta yi wasa da Finnigan Kidd a matsayin mai buga ganga,  har sai da Kidd ya tafi kuma Steffan Halperin ya shiga a shekara ta 2006,  A wannan lokacin, ƙungiyar ta fara amfani da gajeriyar sunan "Klaxons". 

Klaxons ya sanya hannu a Polydor Records a shekarar 2006.  Bayan yawon shakatawa da dama masu nasara, sun sanar a shekarar 2014 cewa yawon shakatawarsu na yanzu zai zama na ƙarshe.

James Righton ya rattaba hannu kan  /House Anxiety a shekarar 2016 a ƙarƙashin sunan Shock Machine. An sanar da sabon aikin Righton a watan Maris tare da fitar da bidiyon waƙar farko, Shock Machine, wanda Saam Farahmand ya ba da umarni.  An yi rikodin gabatarwar wannan aikin mai suna a cikin wani ɗaki a kudancin Faransa tare da furodusa James Ford . Waƙar farko mai suna *Shock Machine*, wacce aka fitar a ranar 8 ga Maris 2016 tare da bidiyon da Saam Farahmand ya ba da umarni, an nuna ta a cikin waƙar farko ta EP *Open Up The Sky* mai waƙoƙi huɗu. Bayan fitowar EP, Righton ya fitar da waƙar *Lost in the Mystery* . An kuma fitar da waƙoƙin *Open Up the Sky* da *Shock Machine* na Soulwax, da kuma Beyond the Wizards Sleeve .  An fitar da kundin waƙar farko ta Shock Machine a ranar 25 ga Agusta 2017. 

## manazarta
Canja Badran

Mudar Mohammad Ayesh Badran (Arabic; 18 ga Janairun 1934 - 22 ga Afrilu 2023) ɗan siyasan Jordan ne, ministan gwamnati, kuma masanin masana'antu. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na 23 na Jordan a lokuta uku daga 1976 zuwa 1979, sannan kuma daga 1980 zuwa 1984, kuma a ƙarshe daga 1989 zuwa 1991.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Badran a Jerash, Jordan (sa'an nan Masarautar Transjordan, mulkin mallaka na Ƙasar Ingila) a cikin 1934 ga iyayen Palasdinawa. Mahaifinsa ya fito ne daga Nablus .  Ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Damascus a Faransanci Siriya kuma ya kammala karatu a matsayin lauya. Badran ya fara aikinsa a matsayin matashi a cikin sojojin Jordan. Daga baya, ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan Babban Daraktan Lantarki a cikin shekarun 1970s, a lokacin Black September . Bayan wannan lokacin wahala, ya zama shugaban Kotun sarauta ta Hashemite. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Ilimi.

Badran ya zama Firayim Minista na Jordan daga 1976 zuwa 1984, tare da ɗan gajeren katsewa daga 1979 har zuwa 1980. An sake nada shi a matsayin a ranar 4 ga Disamba 1989, ya maye gurbin Zaid bin Shaker bayan ya yi murabus.[1][2] Wa'adin Badran na uku ya kasance har zuwa 1991, lokacin da Jordan ta sake zama dimokuradiyya, kuma Majalisar Dattijai ta sake samun ikonta na halal bayan shekaru ashirin ba tare da zaben majalisar dokoki ba. Ya yi aiki sama da shekaru takwas a matsayin Firayim Minista, wanda ya sanya shi Firayim Ministan Jordan da ya fi dadewa. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin ministan harkokin waje daga 1976 zuwa 1979 kuma a matsayin minista na tsaro mafi yawan lokacin da yake Firayim Minista. Badran abokin tarayya ne na Sarki Hussein.

A shekara ta 1993, an nada shi memba na Majalisar Dattijai. A shekara ta 2011, an ba shi digirin digirin digirgir na girmamawa a fannin tattalin arziki daga Jami'ar Hashemite . Badran kuma ita ce manufa ta yunkurin kisan kai da aka yi a Amman a watan Fabrairun 1981 ta Kamfanonin Tsaro na Siriya.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Yaron ɗan'uwan Badran, Adnan Badran ya kasance Firayim Minista na Jordan a shekara ta 2005. 

Badran ya zauna a unguwar Abdoun ta Amman tare da matarsa, Mo'mina . Suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu da mata uku. 'Yarsa, Reem Badran, ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki a Majalisar Wakilai.

Da yake fita daga rayuwar siyasa, Badran ya tafi kamfanoni masu zaman kansu inda ya fara kamfanin ƙarfe, Jordan Steel P.L.C., a 1993. Ya zama babban masana'antar ƙarfe a kasar.

## Mutuwa
Badran ya mutu a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2023, yana da shekaru 89.
Tarihin Bauhaus

**Bauhaus Archive (**Jamusanci: ) wani tarihin jihar ne da kuma Gidan Tarihi na Zane wanda ke cikin Berlin. Yana tattara kayan fasaha, abubuwa, takardu da wallafe-wallafen da suka shafi Makarantar Bauhaus (1919-1933), kuma yana nuna su a cikin jama'a. A halin yanzu, an rufe Gidan kayan gargajiya saboda ayyukan gini kuma za a sake buɗewa a cikin 2027. Yana da sarari na wucin gadi a Knesbeckstr. 1-2 a cikin Berlin-Charlottenburg. 

## Tarihi

An kafa Bauhaus Archive a Darmstadt a cikin 1960. Walter Gropius da sauran mambobin ƙungiyar Bauhaus sun ba da goyon baya. Tarin ya girma da sauri har ma da gidan kayan gargajiya da aka keɓe ya zama kyakkyawa kuma an nemi Gropius ya tsara shi. A shekara ta 1964, ya samar da tsare-tsare don sabon gidan kayan gargajiya a Darmstadt, a kan Rosenhöhe, wanda siyasa ta yankin ta hana shi.

Majalisar Dattijai ta Berlin duk da haka tana shirye don samar da sarari da kuɗi don aikin. A cikin 1971 Bauhaus Archive ya koma wurin zama na wucin gadi a Berlin. Gyara shirye-shiryen wurin kusa da Landwehrkanal, yanke shawara na siyasa da ƙuntatawa na kudi sun jinkirta abubuwa. A ƙarshe an kafa dutsen tushe a 1976 kuma ginin ya shirya a 1979. Babu wani abu da ya rage na asalin Gropius na 1964 ban da halayyar siffar rufin rufin. Tsohon abokin aikinsa Alex Cvijanović ne ya aiwatar da canje-canjen da suka dace ga shirin, tare da haɗin gwiwar masanin gine-ginen Berlin Hans Bandel.

A shekara ta 1997 an sanya umarnin kiyayewa a kan ginin. A shekara ta 2005 ya yi aiki a matsayin saiti na waje don fina-finai na fiction na kimiyya *V don Vendetta* da Æon Flux.

Kamar yadda sararin samaniya kawai ya ba da izinin nune-nunen kashi 35 cikin dari na kayan gidan kayan gargajiya, Bauhaus Archive ya gayyaci kamfanoni shida na gine-gine don shiga gasar hadin gwiwa: Diener & Diener (Basle), Nägeli Architekten (Berlin), SANAA (Tokyo), Sauerbruch & Hutton (Berlin). A shekara ta 2005, juriyar da Wolfgang Lorch (Saarbrücken) ke jagoranta ta ba da kyautar farko ga ƙirar kamfanin SANAA na Japan. A shekara ta 2009, Majalisar Dattijai ta Berlin ta watsar da shirye-shiryen tsawaitawa.

## Manazarta