Tiemoko Garan Kouyaté

**Tiemoko Garan Kouyaté** (Afrilu 27, 1902-1942) malami ne ɗan ƙasar Mali, ɗan jarida kuma ɗan gwagwarmayar siyasa. Ya kasance majagaba don kishin Afirka kuma ɗaya daga cikin 'yan gurguzu na farko a Afirka.

## Rayuwar farko, ilimi da ƙaura
An haife shi a Ségou, Faransanci Sudan. An dauki Kouyaté a matsayin mafi tasiri a cikin al'ummar bakin haure na yammacin Afirka a Faransa bisa ga kima na leken asirin Faransa. Kouyaté kuma yana cikin ƙarni na farko na 'yan Afirka masu ilimin yamma a cikin Faransanci Sudan. Ya fito ne daga kabilar Bambara ta kasar Mali. Ya fara karatunsa ne a makarantar firamare da ke Bamako, babban birnin kasar Mali. Kouyaté ya isa Faransa bayan an ba shi tallafin karatu don ci gaba da karatunsa a Ecole Normale a Aix en Provence.

## Ƙirƙirar Ligue de Defence de la Race Nègre
A cikin 1926 Kouyaté, tare da Lamine Senghor, ɗan ƙasar Senegal kuma tsohon soja na Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya, sun ƙirƙiri Ligue de De la Race Nègre (Ƙungiyar Kare Negro Race, ko LDRN). Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin mahimman ƙungiyoyin siyasa na Afirka don fitowa daga tsakiyar Paris. Muhimmiyar siffa ta LDRN ita ce ta bukaci cikakken zama ɗan ƙasa ga dukkan al'amuran mulkin mallaka kuma Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Faransa ce ta tallafa mata. Kouyaté ya karɓi jagorancin LDRN bayan mutuwar Senghor shekara guda bayan ƙirƙirar ta. Da yake la’akari da matsayin babban sakatare, ya gina wani shiri da ke neman ‘yancin cin gashin kan kasashen Afirka da kafa tsarin gurguzu a Afirka. A ƙarƙashin jagorancin Kouyaté, ƙungiyar ta goyi bayan Garveyism da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Amurka don Ci gaban Mutane masu launi.[4] Dangane da mu'amala da W.E.B Du Bois, fitaccen shugaban Ba'amurke na Afirka a ranar 29 ga Afrilu, 1929, ya bayyana manufar gasar a matsayin "'yantar da siyasa, tattalin arziki, ɗabi'a, da hankali na gaba ɗaya jinsin Negro. Batun samun nasara ne, duk wata hanya mai daraja, 'yancin kai na ƙasa na al'ummomin Negro a cikin yankunan mulkin mallaka na Belgium, Italiya, Spain, Negro Africa… Saboda haka, a cikin 1927 da 1928, La Race Nègre. an buga kasidu na sha'awar al'adu game da baƙar fata a cikin Amurka da kuma nasarorin al'adun Afirka a cikin tarihi da kuma bayanan shaidun gani da ido na cin zarafin da masu mulkin mallaka suka yi. Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Faransa sun ɗauki LDRN a matsayin ƙungiya mai haɗari kuma mai tayar da hankali kuma sun haramta La Race Nègre a cikin yankunan. Hukumomin Faransa sun sa ido sosai kan Kouyaté bayan da Ma'aikatar Mulkin Mallaka ta bukaci bayanan sirri game da shi. Wannan ya sa aka aiko da bayanai game da shi a cikin rahotannin farfagandar Faransa ta Yamma na wata-wata.

## Jamusanci tafiye-tafiye
Bayan ya halarci wani taro a birnin Frankfurt a ƙarshen Yuli a shekara ta 1929, ya ziyarci Berlin, inda tuntubar da ya yi da Wilhelm Münzenberg, ɗan gwagwarmayar siyasa na gurguzu na Jamus kuma mawallafi, ya ba shi damar shiga al'ummar Afirka a can. A can ya halarci taron farko na Liga zur Verteidigung der Negerrasse, wani sashe na kungiyar Paris da ke da kusanci da Münzenbergs Liga gegen Imperialismus. La Liga wata muhimmiyar ƙungiya ce ta al'ummar Jamus baƙar fata har sai da ta wargaje tare da haɓakar Nazism kuma an ƙare a ƙarshe a cikin 1935.

## Sabuwar kungiya
A cikin 1931 League for Defence of Negro Race, samun sabon shugaban raba. Wannan ya haifar da ƙirƙirar Union des Travailleurs Nègres (Union of the Negro Workers), ƙungiyar da ta ƙunshi 'yan gurguzu da tsoffin 'yan gurguzu. Daga wannan ya fito da wata sabuwar jarida mai suna Le Cri des Nègres (Kukan Negroes). Mujallar ta mayar da hankali ne kan yadda ake musgunawa bakar fata a duniya sannan ta buga labarin da dan kwaminisanci na Guadeloupian Stephane Rosso ya yi inda ya bayyana shari'ar fyade da aka yi a Scottsboro a Amurka da kuma mutuwar 'yan Afirka a aikin layin dogo na Kwango-Ocean. Kusan nan da nan labarin ya isa Dakar a Senegal.

Korar Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Faransa

An kori Kouyaté daga Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Faransa da kuma Union Des Travailleurs Nègres a watan Oktobar 1933. Bayan an zarge shi da kasancewa tare da abokan gaba na ƙungiyar ƙwadagon juyin juya hali da rashin fuskantar amsa ga buƙatun barasa, an buga sunan Kouyaté da hoton a cikin baƙar fata na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis, wanda ya bayyana cewa an kashe shi a cikin jam'iyyar 'yan gurguzu. dabi’un da ba su dace ba”.

A cikin 1935, Kouyaté ya rubuta wasiƙa zuwa ga shugaban Habasha, Haile Selassie inda ya yi alkawarin yin duk abin da zai yiwu, gami da samar da tallafin kayan aiki, don kare ƙasar daga mamayewar Italiya. A matsayin wani ɓangare na motsi da yaƙi da mamayar Habasha ta Italiyanci na fasikanci, Kouyaté kuma ya shiga cikin kafa kwamitin tsaro na Habasha, har zuwa rubuta labarai kan gundumar a El Ouma, mujallar kungiyar. Baya ga haka, ya shirya zanga-zangar adawa da mamayar da Italiya ta yi wa Habasha. A cikin watan Disamba na 1935, ya kirkiro wata mujalla ta wata-wata mai suna Afirka inda a cikinta ya ci gaba da fafutukar neman ‘yancin kai da kuma yin kira da a kawo sauyi domin amfanin ‘yan Afirka.

## Mutuwa
Takaitaccen yanayin da ke tattare da mutuwar Tiemoko Garan Kouyaté's ba su da tabbas. Wata ka’ida ta yi imanin cewa Jamusawa ne suka ba shi kuɗi don yada farfagandar amma ya ajiye wa kansa wanda ya kai shi ga halaka a lokacin mamayar da ‘yan Nazi suka yi wa Faransa.

## Manazarta