Barbara T. Bowman

**Barbara Francis Taylor Bowman** (30 ga Oktoba, 1928 - 4 ga Nuwamba, 2024) ƙwararriyar masaniyar ilimin yara 'yan Amurka ce, mai fafutuka, mai ilimi, kuma marubuciya. Fannin ƙwarewarta sun haɗa da kula da yara ƙanana da yara marasa galihu, daidaiton ilimi ga yara ƙanana da marasa galihu, da kuma tallafawa da rawar da iyalai ke takawa a tsakanin tsararraki.  Ta yi aiki a kan allunan ilimi da dama kuma ita ce ta kafa Erikson Institute, inda ta fara koyar da ilimin yara ƙanana da gudanarwa. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Barbara Francis Taylor a ranar 30 ga Oktoba, 1928, a Chicago, 'yar Laura Dorothy Vaughn (née Jennings) da Robert Rochon Taylor, wanda ke cikin hukumar kula da gidaje ta Chicago . Kakanta mai zane ne Robert Robinson Taylor . Mahaifiyarta ta asali rabin 'yar Afirka-Amurka ce. Bayan ta sami digirin BA daga Kwalejin Sarah Lawrence, ta fara koyarwa a makarantar renon yara ta Makarantun Dakunan gwaje-gwaje na Jami'ar Chicago, yayin da take samun digirin MA a fannin ilimi daga Jami'ar Chicago a 1952. A shekarar 1950, ta auri James E. Bowman . Sun zauna a Iran a tsakiyar shekarun 1950, inda James Bowman ya kafa asibiti a Shiraz .

## Sana'a
Yaƙin Lyndon Johnson kan Talauci da ƙirƙirar Head Start a shekarar 1965 ya zaburar da Bowman.  A shekara mai zuwa, tare da goyon bayan ɗan kasuwa kuma mai taimakon jama'a Irving B. Harris, Bowman ta haɗu ta kafa Makarantar Ilimi ta Yara ta Chicago (wanda yanzu aka sani da Cibiyar Erikson) tare da masanin ilimin halayyar yara Maria Piers da ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa Lorraine Wallach.  Bowman ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin shugabar makarantar a tsakanin shekarun 1994 zuwa 2001, kuma ta ci gaba da zama farfesa a cibiyar, inda ta kasance Farfesa Irving B. Harris na Ci gaban Yara. An naɗa Barbara T. Bowman Farfesa a Ci gaban Yara a cibiyar don girmama ta.  

Bowman ita ce Babbar Jami'ar Ilimi ta Ƙananan Yara ta Makarantun Jama'a ta Chicago . Ta kasance tsohuwar shugabar ƙasa (1980–1982) ta Ƙungiyar Ƙasa don Ilimi ga Ƙananan Yara .  Membobinta na Hukumar sun haɗa da: 'Yan Kasuwa a cikin Muradin Jama'a, Gidauniyar Laburaren Jama'a ta Chicago, Gidauniyar Great Books, Gidauniyar Ilimi ta High Scope, Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam, da kuma Hukumar Kula da Ƙwararru ta Ƙasa. Daga cikin digirin girmamawa da aka bai wa Bowman akwai waɗanda suka fito daga Kwalejin Bank Street, Jami'ar Dominican, Jami'ar Jihar Governors, Jami'ar Roosevelt, da Kwalejin Wheelock .  A lokacin aikinta, ta kuma yi aiki a kwamitin edita na *Early Childhood Research Quarterly*, kuma ta jagoranci Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa, Kwamitin Ilimi na Majalisar Bincike ta Ƙasa kan Ilimin Yara . &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa
Bowman ya auri marigayi James E. Bowman (ya mutu a shekarar 2011), fitacciyar masaniyar cututtuka kuma masaniyar kwayoyin halitta 'yar asalin Afirka ta Amurka, kuma bakar fata ta farko da ke zaune a Asibitin St. Luke . Suna da 'ya mace ɗaya, Valerie Jarrett, wacce ta kasance Babbar Mai Ba da Shawara kuma Mataimakiyar Shugaban Ƙasa kan Harkokin Gwamnati da Hulɗa da Jama'a a gwamnatin Obama .  Jikarsu, Laura Jarrett, ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Harvard a shekarar 2010 kuma ta auri Tony Balkissoon, wanda shi ma lauya ne kuma ɗan ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Ontario Bas Balkissoon, a watan Yunin 2012. 

Bowman ya mutu sakamakon bugun zuciya a wani asibiti a Chicago a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 2024, yana da shekaru 96.  

## Kyaututtuka
 

* Kyautar Chicago Association for the Education of Young Children Award
* Kyautar Gudummawar Jama'a ta Ƙungiyar Mata Masu Zaɓe ta Chicago
* Kyautar Harold W. McGraw Jr. a fannin Ilimi, 2005 
* Kyautar Mercedes
* Kyautar Jagorancin Cibiyar Ci Gaban Yara Baƙar fata ta Ƙasa
* Kyautar Muryoyin Yara ga Illinois ta Fara Tunawa da Wuri 
* Kyautar Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Chicago

## Tsarin littafin nazari

; Littattafai

* -, & Attinasi, J. (1994). *Bambancin al'adu da nasarar ilimi Shirin ilimin birane* . (Oak Brook, IL]): NCREL. 
* -, Bredekamp, S., Dodge, DT, Epstein, AS, & Borgia, E. (2000). *Tabbatar da Inganci da Hakkin Mallaka ta Hanyar Jagoranci Taswira ta 1, Manhaja da Kimantawa* . Washington, DC: Ofishin Farawa, Cibiyar Ci gaban Yara ta Ƙasa. OCLC&nbsp;
* -, Donovan, S., & Burns, MS (2001). *Sha'awar koyo: Ilmantar da yaranmu na yara ƙanana* . Washington, DC: National Academy Press. ISBN&nbsp;
* – (2002). *Son karantawa: Makaloli wajen haɓaka da haɓaka ƙwarewar karatu da rubutu na yara 'yan Afirka ta Amurka* . [Washington, DC]: Cibiyar Ci gaban Yara Baƙar fata ta Ƙasa. OCLC&nbsp;
* -, & Moore, EK (2006). *Shirye-shiryen makaranta da ci gaban zamantakewa da motsin rai: Ra'ayoyi kan bambancin al'adu* . Washington, DC: Cibiyar Ci gaban Yara Baƙar fata ta Ƙasa. OCLC&nbsp;

## Manazarta