Daphne Bugental

**Daphne Blunt Bugental** (an haife ta ne a 31 ga watan Janairu, na shekara ta 1928 - 25 ga Nuwamba, 2018) Masaniyar ilimin halayyar dan adam ce da aka sani da bincikenta kan dangantakar iyaye da yara, cin zarafin jarirai da yara, da tashin hankali na iyali. A lokacin mutuwarta, ta kasance farfesa emerita a fannin Ilimin Tunanin Dan-Adam (psychology) a Jami'ar California, Santa Barbara.

## Kyaututtuka
An ba Bugental lambar yabo ta Kurt Lewis Memorial Award ta 2003 daga Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues .  Adireshin lambar yabo mai taken Thriving in the Face of Childhood Adversity ya bayyana shirin bincikenta kan abubuwan da yara ke girma tare da cututtukan likita ko na jiki, karuwar haɗarin saka idanu da / ko cin zarafin iyaye, da saka hannun jari na iyaye.

Sauran lambobin yabo sun haɗa da Kyautar Shugaban kasa ta UC ta 1996 don Kyakkyawan Gudanarwa a Taimako na Binciken Dalibai,  da Kyautar Bincike na Shekaru goma ta 1997 daga Ayyukan Kula da Lafiya na Santa Barbara County. 

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Bugental a ranar 31 ga Janairu, 1928, a Santa Barbara, California .  Ta halarci Jami'ar California, Los Angeles inda ta kammala digiri na farko a 1952 da Ph.D. a cikin Mutum da Social Psychology a 1964.

Bugental ya shiga Sashen Ilimin Halitta a Jami'ar California, Santa Barbara a shekara ta 1974. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Yankin Ci Gaban da Halitta na Juyin Halitta da kuma hadin gwiwar darektan Shirin Interdisciplinary a Ci gaban Dan Adam. Bugental ya shiga cikin jagorancin al'umma a matsayin wani ɓangare na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na The Family Partnership, cibiyar sadarwa ta hukumomin Santa Barbara da ke mai da hankali kan rigakafin cin zarafin yara. Ta yi aiki tare da hukumar Child Abuse Listening and Mediating (CALM) na tsawon shekaru ashirin.

Binciken Bugental ya sami tallafi daga Gidauniyar Kimiyya ta Kasa da Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Kasa.

## Bincike
Aikin bincike na Bugental ya mayar da hankali kan dangantakar iyaye da yara, musamman wadanda suka shafi yara masu fama da yanayin kiwon lafiya waɗanda ke da rauni ga cin zarafi. Yawancin ayyukanta sun mayar da hankali kan gano yanayin iyali da ke da alaƙa da haɗarin cin zarafin yara. Kungiyar bincikenta ta gano cewa uwaye da suka nuna rashin iko sun fi nuna mummunan ko kuma dabarun zamba tare da jarirai "a cikin haɗari".

Bugental da abokin aikinta Alex Schwartz sun gudanar da gwajin asibiti na bazuwar da nufin hana cin zarafin yara na jarirai masu haɗari. Iyalai da suka karɓi shigar da hankali sun nuna gidaje masu aminci tare da raguwar azabtar da jiki da ƙananan abubuwan da suka faru na rauni na yara idan aka kwatanta da iyalai da suka sami ziyarar gida ba tare da ɓangaren shiga tsakani ba.

## Littattafai

* Bugental, D. B. (2000). Samun algorithms na rayuwar zamantakewa: Hanyar da ke da tushe. [Hasiya]
* [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga Ibrananci da aka yi amfani da ita. Halin da aka fahimta akan sakamakon kulawa: Sakamakon cin zarafin yara. Ilimin Halitta na Ci gaba, 25 (4), 532-539.
* [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga Ibrananci da aka yi amfani da ita a lokacin da aka yi la'akari da ita. Hanyar fahimta don rigakafin cin zarafin yara. Jaridar Family Psychology, 16 (3), 243-258.
* Bugental, D. B., & Johnston, C. (2000). Iyaye da yara a cikin mahallin iyali. *Binciken shekara-shekara na Psychology, 51* (1), 315-344.
* Bugental, D. E., Kaswan, J. W., & Love, L. R. (1970). Fahimtar ma'anoni masu saɓani da aka gabatar ta hanyar maganganu da wadanda ba na maganganu ba. Jaridar Mutum da Halitta ta Jama'a, 16 (4), 647-655.
* [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga Ibrananci da aka yi amfani da ita. Yara "Mai wahala" a matsayin masu ba da labari da kuma manufofi na tsarin sadarwa na manya: Binciken ma'amala na halayyar halayyar. *Littattafai na Society for Research in Child Development, 49* (1), 1-79.

## Manazarta