Edgar Zilsel

**Edgar Zilsel** an haife shi a Agusta 11, a shekarar 1891 a garin Vienna, Austria-Hungary, ya mutu a ranar 11 ga watan Maris a shekarar 1944, a garin Oakland, California ɗan Ostiriya-Amurke ɗan tarihi ne kuma masanin falsafa.
An fi saninsa da littafinsa mai suna Zilsel Thesis, wani tsari na kimiyya wanda ya gano tushen kimiyyar yammacin duniya zuwa hulɗar tsakanin masana da ƙwararrun masu sana'a. Shawarar ta narke gwaji mai amfani tare da tunani na nazari "tsawo da kyau batare da kuskure ba.
A matsayinsa na ɓangaren hagu na da'irar Vienna (ƙungiyar masana falsafa na farkon ƙarni na ashirin) ya amince da jari-hujja na tarihi, kuma ya nemi kafa dokoki masu ƙarfi a cikin tarihi da cikin al'umma
## Rayuwar shi
Zilsel Bayahude ne, kuma ya bi ra'ayin siyasa na Marxist, wanda dukkansu suka sa shi ya kasa ci gaba da aikin ilimi a Ostiriya. Da yake guje wa zalunci, ya tsere zuwa Amurka inda ya sami Memba na Rockefeller Fellowship. A wannan lokacin, ya buga kasidu da yawa, kamar "Tsarin Ilimin Zamani na Kimiyyar Zamani".
A cikin shekarar alif ta 1943, an gayyace shi don koyar da ilimin kimiyyar lissafi a Kwalejin Mills da ke California, Amurka. Edgar Zilsel ya mutu a ranar 11 ga watan Maris, 1944, sakamakon kashe kansa da yayi.
Edgar Zilsel shine ƙaramin ɗan Yakubu Zilsel, lauya, ina Kollmer. Yana da ’yan’uwa mata biyu, Wallie Zilsel da Irma Zilsel. Ya halarci makarantar sakandare a Franz-Joseph-Gymnasium tsakanin shekarar alif ta 1902 zuwa ta 1910 sannan ya halarci Jami'ar Vienna inda ya karanta falsafa, kimiyyar lissafi, da lissafi. A cikin shekarar alif ta 1914, ya kuma yi aikin soja na tsawon watanni hudu kuma a cikin shekarar alif ta 1915, ya sami digirin digirgir a kulawar Heinrich Gomperz."
Kundin nasa yana da taken "Binciken Falsafa na Dokokin Manyan Lambobi da dokoki masu alaƙa". Bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin masanin lissafi a kamfanin inshora na wasu watanni, ya sami matsayin malami a ranar 16 ga watan Fabrairu,a shekarar 1917. Ya ci jarrabawar malaminsa a ranar 18 ga watan Nuwamba,a shekarar 1918 a fannin lissafin kimiyyar lissafi, da tarihin halitta."

Ko da ya ke yana da alaƙa da da'irar Vienna,"
Zilsel ya soki ra'ayoyin membobin Circle. Ya taka rawar gani sosai wajen aiki da ilimin mutane, koyar da falsafa da kimiyyar lissafi a Jami'ar Jama'ar Vienna.

A cikin shekarar alif ta 1918 ya shiga jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ta Austriya."kuma daga baya sun ba da gudummawa ga mujallarsu ta Der Kampf." Bayan shan kashi na Social Democrats a yakin basasar Austria a shekarar alif ta 1934, an kama Zilsel. " Ko da yake an tsare shi na ɗan lokaci, an kore shi daga aikinsa. Sannan ya koyar da ilimin lissafi da physics a makarantar sakandare (Mittelschule) a Vienna." 

A matsayinsa na masanin falsafa, ya haɗa ra'ayoyin Marxist tare da ma'ana mai ma'ana na da'irar Vienna. Ya kan buga labarai akai-akai a cikin mujallu na ilimi da zamantakewa. An buga wani tsawaita sigar karatun karatunsa na PhD a matsayin littafi (Matsalolin Aikace-aikacen: Binciken Falsafa na Dokar Manyan Lambobi da Ƙaddamarwa)."
Wasu littattafai guda biyu,Na addinin Genius: Nazarin Mahimmanci na Mahimmancin Zamani na Mutum da Ci Gaban Ƙa'idar Genius: Taimako ga Tarihin Ƙirar Tsohon Alkawari da Farkon Jari-hujja an buga su a shekara alif ta 1918 da ta 1926, bi da bi."

Zilsel ya sami nasarar tserewa daga Austria bayan Anschluss, na farko zuwa Ingila kuma a cikin shekarar alif ta 1939 zuwa Amurka inda ya sami Fellowship na Rockefeller wanda ya ba shi damar ba da lokaci don bincike. Ya buga takardu da yawa a cikin waɗannan shekarun gudun hijira, ciki har da Tushen Kimiyyar Zamani na Zamani. A cikin shekarar alif ta 1943, Lynn White ya gayyace shi don koyar da ilimin kimiyyar lissafi a Kwalejin Mills da ke California, amma jim kaɗan bayan haka ya kashe kansa sakamakon yawan shan maganin barci."

## TUNANI
Zilsel ya ba da shawarar Rubutun Zilsel a matsayin bayani don haɓakar kimiyyar Yammacin Turai. 
Zilsel ya yi iƙirarin cewa haɓakar jari hujja ya haifar da hulɗar masu sana'a da masana. Wannan hulɗar ita ce ta haifar da farkon ilimin zamani na farko. 
Masu sana'a sun kasance mafi yawan jahilai kuma masu ilimi sun raina su. Malamai sun jahilci ayyukan sana'a. 
Haɗin kai na fasaha da ƙaddamar da ilimin fasaha a cikin binciken yanayi ya haifar da haɓaka kimiyyar gwaji.

Wani daga cikin ka'idodin Zilsel shi ne cewa haɓakar ra'ayin dokokin yanayi a farkon ilimin kimiyyar zamani ya samo asali ne na gamammen ra'ayin shari'a zuwa abubuwan al'ajabi.
Kamar yadda sarki yake shimfida dokokin shari'a ga al'umma, haka kuma Allah ya shimfida dokokin halitta ga duniya.

Masanin tarihin kimiyyar kasar Sin Joseph Needham ya yi amfani da ra'ayoyin Zilsel don yin la'akari da rashin kimiyyar gwaji a kasar Sin ta gargajiya, duk da cewa Sinawa sun riga sun gabaci kasashen yamma a fannin fasaha da kuma a fannoni da dama na lura da tarihin dabi'a.

Masanin tarihi Clifford D. Conner  ya yaba wa Zilsel saboda kasancewarsa na farko da ya jaddada matsayin masu sana'a da masu sana'a a cikin ci gaban kimiyyar zamani. 

A cewar Conner,"  waɗannan abubuwan na Zilsel sun gamu da turjiya a lokacin buga su, kuma saboda farkon mutuwar marubucin, kuma daga baya masana tarihi irin su Pamela H. Smith " suka sake darajar ayyukansa. A cikin shekarar alif ta 2000 Social Studies of Science ya kira shi "daya daga cikin majagaba a fagenmu"."

An buga shi da Yaren Turanci 
Copernicus da Makanikai a shekarar alif ta (1940) a cikin Journal ta tarihi ta Ideas, Vol. 1, Na 1, shafi na 113-118.

## Manazarta