Zambia kwacha

**Kwacha** ( ISO 4217 code: ZMW) kudin Zambia . An raba shi zuwa 100 *Ngwee* .

## Etymology
Sunan *kwacha* ya samo asali daga kalmar Nyanja, Bemba, da Tonga don "alfijir", yana nuni ga taken 'yan kishin kasa na Zambia na "sabon alfijir na 'yanci". Sunan *ngwee* yana fassara a matsayin "mai haske" a cikin yaren Nyaja .

## Tarihi
Kafin samun 'yancin kai a cikin 1964, fam ɗin Rhodesia da Nyasaland sune ƙa'idar doka ta ɗan gajeren lokaci na kare hakkin Birtaniyya na Arewacin Rhodesia . An kuma ba da takardar banki na shillings 10, 1, 5, da fam 10 da Hukumar Kula da Kuɗi ta Afirka ta Tsakiya ta fitar, tare da tsabar kuɗi. , 1, 3, 6 pence, da 1, 2, , da 5 shillings. Bayan samun 'yancin kai, Bankin Zambia ya fitar da kudin Zambiya na farko, fam din Zambia, a shekarar 1964. Kudaden takardar da aka fitar da sulallai iri daya ne kamar yadda ake amfani da su kafin samun ‘yancin kai, sai dai kudin fam 10, wanda bankin Zambia bai taba bayarwa ba.  Wani sabon tsari da zai nuna tarihin sabuwar ƙasar da ta sami 'yancin kai an ɗauko shi. Kudade biyu – Fam Rhodesia da Nyasaland da fam na Zambia, an ba su damar yawo a layi daya har zuwa ranar 15 ga Disamba, 1965, lokacin da aka cire takardar kudi da tsabar kudin Kudancin Rhodesian daga rarrabawa, sai dai tsabar kudin pence 3 da aka ba da izinin yawo. tare da madadinta na Zambia na ɗan gajeren lokaci. 

A ranar 1 ga Yuli, 1966, majalisar ta amince da tsarin tsarin kuɗin kuɗin decimal (Dokar 40 na 1966), ta canza babban kuɗin kuɗin zuwa Kwacha, tare da kwacha daya daidai da 100 ngwee. An saita farashin musaya zuwa kwacha daya daidai da shilling na Zambia goma, ko rabin fam na Zambia. Don haka, ya zuwa ranar 16 ga Janairu, 1968, an cire duk takardun fam na Zambia da tsabar kudi daga zagayawa kuma aka maye gurbinsu da sabbin kwacha, da tsabar kudi na ngwee. Fam Zambiya na shilling 10, 1, da 5, an canza shi zuwa 1, 2 da 10 kwacha bi da bi, an fitar da takardar ngwee 50 don maye gurbin tsohon tsabar kudin shilling 5, tare da sabon takardar kwacha 20.  Ngwee tsabar kudi da adadin 1, 2, 5, 10, da 20 ngwee maye gurbin tsabar kudi 1, 3, 6 pence, 1, da 2 shillings bi da bi.  Fam na Zambiya, da tsabar kudi sun daina zama ɗan kasuwa a ranar 31 ga Janairu, 1974. 

Da farko dai, an sanya kwacha a kan fam na fam miliyan 1.7094 kwacha a kan fam 1. Amma duk da haka, bayan faduwar darajar dalar Amurka a ranar 15 ga Agusta, 1971, Zambia ta karya duk wata alaƙar kuɗinta da sashin kuɗin Biritaniya, kuma ta sanya kwacha ga sashin kuɗin Amurka. Wadannan gyare-gyaren sun haifar da raguwar ma'aunin gwal na kwacha da kashi 7.8%. Bayan 'yan watanni, shugaban gwamnatin Burtaniya na Exchequer Anthony Barber, ya ba da sanarwar rugujewar yankin Sterling, da kuma faɗuwar fam ɗin fam, wanda ya sa Zambia ta yi watsi da gata na kuɗi da aka taɓa samu a matsayin ƙasa memba.

A tsawon shekaru, kudin kasar Zambia ya fuskanci hauhawar farashin kayayyaki, lamarin da ya tilastawa bankin kasar bullo da wasu manyan kudade a shekarar 2003, wadanda suka hada da kudin kwacha 20,000 da 50,000 don saukaka hada-hadar kasuwanci. A cikin 2013, an ƙaddamar da sabon kwacha wanda aka sake fasalin .  Darajar kudin Zambiya ta ragu bayan sake suna; Farashin musaya ya kasance 22 kwacha zuwa dalar Amurka 1 a watan Afrilun 2021. Bayan babban zaben Zambiya na 2021 ya ga an sha kaye ga Edgar Lungu, faduwar darajar kudin ta koma baya;   An canja dalar Amurka daya akan kwacha 16. 

Daga 22 ga Janairu 2022 zuwa 1 ga Satumba 2022, kwacha na Zambiya ya kasance mafi kyawun aiki a duniya akan dalar Amurka, wanda ya haura sama da 18.5%. 

## Tsabar kudi
A cikin 1968, an gabatar da bronze 1 da 2 ngwee da cupro-nickel 5, 10 da 20 ngwee. Wadannan tsabar kudi duk sun nuna shugaban kasa Kenneth Kaunda akan flora da fauna a baya. An gabatar da tsabar tsabar ngwee mai gefe goma sha biyu a cikin 1979 don maye gurbin bayanin kula na 50 ngwee da kuma nuna jigogi na tunawa da FAO .

A cikin 1982, ƙarfe-ƙarfe-karfe ya maye gurbin tagulla a cikin 1 da 2 ngwee. An buga waɗannan biyun har zuwa 1983, tare da samar da 5 da 10 ngwee a cikin 1987 da na 20 ngwee a cikin 1988. An ƙaddamar da tsabar tsabar nickel-brass 1 kwacha a cikin 1989 kuma an nuna "Bankin Zambia" a gefuna. Tsawon lokacin zagayawa na wannan tsabar ya kasance ɗan gajeren lokaci yayin da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki ya karu.

A cikin 1992, an ƙaddamar da wani sabon ƙarami, wanda ya ƙunshi karfe 25 da 50 ngwee da tagulla 1, 5 da 10 kwacha. Tsabar kudi tana nuna alamar ƙasa a kan ɓangarorin dabbobi da na asali a baya. An fitar da tsabar kudin ne kawai shekara guda sannan aka dakatar da matsalar tattalin arziki.

Duk waɗannan tsabar kudi, duka daga tsofaffi da sababbin jerin har yanzu suna kasancewa masu taushin doka. Duk da haka, darajar karfe a cikin tsabar kudi ya fi darajar fuskar su maras dacewa, don haka ba a taba ganin su ko amfani da su a cikin kasuwancin yau da kullum. Wurin da za a iya ganin tsabar kuɗi a yau shine lokacin da ake sayar da su azaman abubuwan tunawa ga masu yawon bude ido.

A ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2013, an ƙaddamar da sababbin tsabar kudi, wato 5, 10, 50 ngwee da 1 kwacha. 

**Coins of the new kwacha (2013 series)**

## Bayanan banki
An fara fitar da kwacha na Zambia a shekarar 1968 don maye gurbin fam na Zambia. Tsarin lissafin kwacha ya canza yayin da lokaci ya ci gaba, haka kuma, an shigar da takardun kudi daban-daban ko kuma an cire su daga rarrabawa. An san fitar da hayaki guda bakwai na kwacha na farko, yayin da hayaki daya kacal na kwacha na biyu aka fara yadawa a ranar 1 ga watan Janairu, 2013, kuma har yanzu ana ci gaba da kasancewa tun lokacin ba tare da wani canji na zane ko na tsaro ba. Kowace fitowar tana raba fasali na gaba ɗaya a cikin ƙira a cikin duk takardun banki, tare da ƴan canje-canje game da launuka da jigon ayyukan da ke kan baya na takardun banki.

### Kwacha ta farko (1968-2012)

#### Fitowa ta farko (1968)
An fitar da fitowar farko ta kwacha a shekarar 1968. Jerin ya ƙunshi takardun banki guda biyar na 50 ngwee, 1, 2, 10, da 20 kwacha. A gefen takardun kudi guda biyar na dauke da hoton shugaban kasar Kenneth Kaunda sanye da kayan kabilanci a hannun dama, tare da Coat of Arms na Zambia a hagu a kan takardar kudi 50 ngwee, ko kuma a tsakiya a kan takardar kudin kwacha. Juyayin ya nuna jigogi daban-daban na aiki da ke nuna rayuwa a Zambia. Thomas De La Rue &amp;amp; Co. Limited ne ya buga takardun banki, kuma yana dauke da sa hannun Dr Justin B. Zulu, gwamnan bankin Zambia na biyu. Baya ga takardar banki 50 ngwee, kwacha banknotes yana da shugaba Kenneth Kaunda a matsayin alamar ruwa. An ba da takaddun takardun banki na kowane ɗarika, tare da kalmar SPECIMEN overprint a ja sans duka biyu da na baya.

*Fitowar Farko,* tana nufin shekarar fitowar farko ta ainihin takardar kuɗi daga wannan fitar. *Fitowar Ƙarshe:* tana nufin shekarar fitowar ƙarshe ta ainihin takardar kuɗi daga wannan fitar.

#### Fitowa ta biyu (1969-1973)
A cikin 1969, an fitar da hayakin kwacha na Zambia na biyu. Da farko, fitar da hayakin ya ƙunshi takardun banki guda biyar iri ɗaya na fitowar farko, kuma duka ƙungiyoyin biyar suna ɗauke da sa hannun Dr Justin B. Zulu, Mista Valentine S. Musakanya, da na Mista Bitwell R. Waɗannan, na biyu, na uku, da na gaba. Gwamnonin Bankin Zambiya, sai dai wasu kudurorin ngwee guda 50 da ba a taba samun sa hannun Dr Zulu ba, da kuma kuddin kwacha guda 1 da ba a taba nuna sa hannun Mista Kuwani ba. Kudi na biyu na fitar da hayaki ya yi kama da na farkon fitarwa, sai dai ɗan bambanci, inda aka cire ɗigon (•) tsakanin alamar kuɗi da ƙimar fuskar. Thomas De La Rue & Co. Limited ne ya buga takardun banki, kuma an ba da takardun shaida na kowane ɗarika, tare da kalmar SPECIMEN overprint a ja sans a duka biyu da kuma baya.

1 *Fitowar Farko,* tana nufin shekarar fitowar farko ta ainihin takardar kuɗi daga wannan fitar.2 *Fitowar Ƙarshe:* tana nufin shekarar fitowar ƙarshe ta ainihin takardar kuɗi daga wannan fitar.

A karo na biyu na fitar da hayaki, an fitar da takardar tunawa da kwacha 1 domin murnar ayyana jam’iyya daya a ranar 13 ga Disamba, 1972. Rubutun banki ba takarda ce ta doka ba, kuma tana da ƙirar firam daban-daban fiye da takardun kuɗin biyu, batutuwa na farko da na biyu.

Daga baya a cikin 1973, Bankin Zambia ya ba da takardar kudin kwacha 5 a karon farko. An zaɓi ja-violet akan zane mai launi mai launi don sabon bayanin lissafin. Sabon zane ya haifar da rudani da yawa tsakanin lissafin ngwee 50 da ake da shi da sabon kwacha 5. Wannan ya bukaci Bankin Zambia da ya yi amfani da sabon tsari na 50 ngwee banknotes a 1973. An yi amfani da sabon baƙar fata da lilac akan ƙananan launi masu yawa don sauƙin ganewa, duk da haka, wannan shine batu na ƙarshe na 50 ngwee banknotes kamar yadda aka maye gurbinsa daga baya da tsabar kudi. Sabbin takardun banki guda biyu sun ƙunshi sa hannun Mista Bitwell R. Waɗannan, kuma Thomas De La Rue & Co. Limited ne ya buga su. An fitar da takaddun takardun banki don ƙungiyoyin biyu, tare da kalmar SPECIMEN overprint a ja ba tare da la'akari da duka biyun da baya ba.

1 *Fitowar Farko,* tana nufin shekarar fitowar farko ta ainihin takardar kuɗi daga wannan fitar.2 *Fitowar Ƙarshe:* tana nufin shekarar fitowar ƙarshe ta ainihin takardar kuɗi daga wannan fitar.

#### Fitowa ta uku (1974-1976)
Kafin fitowa ta uku, an gabatar da zane-zane na gajeren lokaci na abubuwan ban mamaki na 10 da 20 kwacha. Sabbin takardun kudi an buga su ta hanyar engraving na Ingilishi, da kamfanin buga littattafai Bradbury, Wilkinson & Co. Sabbin ƙirar sun ƙunshi tsohon hoton shugaban Kenneth Kaunda, ba tare da ƙirar firam ɗin da aka saba ba, kuma mai ɗauke da sa hannun Mista Bitwell R. Wadannan. An ba da takaddun takardun banki na takardun banki guda biyu, tare da kalmar SPECIMEN overprint a ja sans duka biyu da na baya. Godiya ga karancin su, duk takardun kuɗaɗen su ne mafi tsadar kuɗaɗen kuɗaɗen kuɗi na Zambiya a tsakanin masu fafutuka .

1 *Fitowar Farko,* tana nufin shekarar fitowar farko ta ainihin takardar kuɗi daga wannan fitar.2 *Fitowar Ƙarshe:* tana nufin shekarar fitowar ƙarshe ta ainihin takardar kuɗi daga wannan fitar.

A cikin 1976, an fitar da takardar kudi guda huɗu fitowa ta uku, wanda aka sake karɓo tsohuwar ƙirar firam ɗin. An sake fitar da takardun banki da dukkan nau’o’i, sai dai kudirin kwacha ashirin, wanda ba a taba fitar da shi ba duk da an sake fasalinsa. Dukkan takardun kudi na dauke da sa hannun Mista Luke J. Mwananshiku, gwamna na biyar na bankin Zambia, sai dai na kwacha biyu, wadanda ke rike da sa hannun Mista Bitwell R. Wadannan. Kudi na uku na fitar da hayaki ya yi kama da na na biyu, sai dai hoton shugaba Kenneth Kaunda, inda wani tsohon hoton ya maye gurbin ƙaramin hoton da ke fitowa a farkon, da na biyu. Thomas De La Rue & Co. Limited ya sake buga takardun banki, kuma an ba da takardun shaida na kowane ɗarika, tare da kalmar SPECIMEN overprint a cikin ja sans a duka biyu da kuma baya.

1 *Fitowar Farko,* tana nufin shekarar fitowar farko ta ainihin takardar kuɗi daga wannan fitar.2 *Fitowar Ƙarshe:* tana nufin shekarar fitowar ƙarshe ta ainihin takardar kuɗi daga wannan fitar.

Har zuwa 1991, duk takardun banki na Zambiya suna nuna hoton Shugaba Kenneth Kaunda a bayyane. Bayan 1992, duk bayanin kula a maimakon haka sun nuna mikiya mai kifin akan sama. Bayan 1989, duk abubuwan da suka faru sun nuna siffar Chainbreaker. A cikin 2003, Zambiya ta zama ƙasa ta farko a Afirka da ta ba da takardar kuɗi ta polymer . Kwacha 500 da 1000 duk an buga su akan polymer. Duk da cewa tsohuwar takardar kwacha 20 tana ci gaba da gudana har zuwa 2012, irin wannan shine ƙarancin wannan bayanin cewa yawancin manyan dillalai sun ƙididdige farashin har zuwa kwacha 50 mafi kusa yayin ƙididdige jimlar. Yawancin abubuwa a cikin manyan kantuna an nuna su ta amfani da kwacha 20 a cikin ƙimar (misali, 1980 kwacha).

### Sabon Kwacha (Zubi na 2012)
A ranar 23 ga Janairu, 2012, Bankin Zambia ya ba da shawarar wasu matakai game da sake fasalin kwacha na Zambia.  Irin wadannan shawarwarin da farko gwamnati ta amince da su, kasancewar daya daga cikin matakan da ake bukata don magance tsadar kayayyaki da ke da nasaba da ci gaba da rage darajar kudin kasar, sakamakon faduwar darajar da ake yi a tsawon lokaci, sakamakon hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da aka shafe shekaru da dama ana yi a kai tsaye da ke nuna tattalin arzikin kasa . a karshen shekarun da suka gabata na karni na 20, da farkon shekarun karni na 21st.  An gabatar da shawarwarin ga majalisar a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2012. Daga baya, an kafa Dokar Sake Mallake Kuɗi (Dokar 8 na 2012) a ranar 3 ga Disamba, 2012. 

An raba tsohuwar sashin kuɗin da 1000, don haka, ya cire sifili uku daga K50,000, K20,000, K10,000, K5,000, da K1,000. Hakanan an raba ƙananan ƙungiyoyin K500, K100, da K50 zuwa 1000 kuma an canza su zuwa 1 Kwacha, 50, 10, da 5 Ngwee tsabar kudi. A daya hannun kuma, an cire takardar kudin K20 da ta kasance a yanzu daga yawo saboda karancin ikon saye.

Bankin Zambia ya sanar da ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2013, a matsayin ranar canji. A wannan rana, sabon kudin da aka sake fasalin ya zama tsarin doka na Zambia.  An ba da izini ga tsofaffi da sababbin kuɗaɗe don yaɗa kafaɗa da juna na tsawon watanni shida, har zuwa Yuni 30, 2013.  A wannan lokacin, tsohon kudin yana nuna 'K', yayin da sabon ya ke nuna 'KR'. Bayan watanni shida, alamar 'KR' ta ragu, kuma an kira sabon kudin ta alamar 'K'.

Ya zuwa ranar 26 ga Yuni, 2013, Bankin Zambia ya yi nasarar janye kashi 3.7&nbsp;Tiriliyan Kwacha a cikin tsofaffin takardun banki, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 95.3% na kudaden da ake yawo. Duk da cewa tsohon kudin ya daina zama doka bayan kwanaki hudu, Mataimakin Gwamnan Bankin Zambia, ya sanar da cewa mazaunan da har yanzu suke rike da tsohon kudin, musamman wadanda ke zaune a yankunan karkara, za su iya canza tsohon kudin zuwa ga sabo ta hanyar bankunan kasuwanci, da sauran wakilai da aka keɓe. 

#### Zane
Yayin da yake kasancewa kasa ta farko a Afirka da ta fara gabatar da takardun kudi na polymer a shekara ta 2003, sabbin takardun kudi duk ana buga su ne a kan takarda, tare da ingantaccen tsarin tsaro. Sabbin takardun banki guda shida da aka fitar suna raba fasali gama-gari akan duka biyun na baya da baya, tare da ƴan fasaloli daban-daban, waɗanda suka keɓanta ga kowane takardar kuɗi. Duk takardun banki suna da tsayi iri ɗaya na 70&nbsp;mm, 2 Kwacha, da 5 Kwacha banknotes ne 170&nbsp;mm fadi, yayin da sauran takardun kudi ne 145&nbsp;mm fadi. Duk sabbin takardun kudi an buga su ne daga kamfanin buga littattafai na Jamus G&amp;amp;D, ban da fitowar 2015 na takardar kudi ta Kwacha 100, wanda gidan sarauta na Dutch Joh ya buga. Enschedé . 

;

Batun sabon kudin yana da siffofi guda huɗu na gama-gari, waɗanda aka samo a gefen duk takardun banki guda shida, da kuma siffa ɗaya ta musamman ga kowane ɗayansu. Siffofin gama gari su ne: Mikiya na Afirka wadda ta yi la'akari da, da nisa, ainihin abin da aka fi sani da duk takardun banki na Zambia, tare da rigar makamai, sa hannun Gwamnan Bankin Zambiya da wajibcin biyan jimlar da aka nuna akan takardar kuɗin., da ƙimar fuskar ƙayyadaddun takardar banki. Kowace takardar kuɗi tana ɗauke da bishiyar asali ta musamman daga yawancin dazuzzukan da suka mamaye ƙasar. 

; Furkar baya

A baya ya ƙunshi mutum-mutumin 'Yanci a Lusaka, mai ba da ikon bayar da shawarwarin doka a Zambia, Bankin Zambiya, a tsakiya a saman, darajar fuskar banki a cikin kalmomi a cikin kusurwar hagu na ƙasa, kuma a adadi a cikin sauran ukun. sasanninta. Har ila yau, akwai wani hoto na musamman na namun daji a Zambiya, tare da wani jigon aiki a kan kowane juyi na takardun banki guda shida. 

#### Siffofin tsaro
An yi amfani da fasalolin tsaro da yawa don guje wa jabun takardun banki . Matakan hana jabu da aka yi amfani da su sun haɗa da holograms, takardun kuɗi masu launi da yawa, na'urorin da aka haɗa kamar su tube, microprinting, alamomin ruwa da nau'ikan tawada masu canzawa daban-daban, da kuma amfani da fasalulluka na ƙira waɗanda ke hana jabu ta hanyar hoto ko dubawa.

### Bayanan banki na tunawa
Tun lokacin da aka kaddamar da shi a shekarar 1964 zuwa rabi na biyu na shekarar 2016, bankin na Zambia ya fitar da takardun kudi guda biyu na tunawa.  Takardar tunawa ta farko ita ce takardar kudi ta Daya Kwacha da aka fitar a shekarar 1973, inda aka yi bikin tunawa da haihuwar jamhuriya ta biyu, lamarin da ya faru ne lokacin da gwamnatin Kenneth Kaunda ke jagoranta, ta yanke shawarar kafa kasa mai jam’iyya daya tak a ranar 13 ga Disamba, 1972. daga Janairu 1, 1973.  Baya ga takardar da aka fitar, an kuma ba da takardar shaidar ajiyar kuɗi don murnar wannan rana.

A ranar 23 ga Oktoba, 2014, kwana daya kafin bikin ranar samun 'yancin kai, Bankin Zambia ya bayyana takardar ajiyar banki na biyu na tunawa da shi. An fitar da takardar kudi ta Kwacha hamsin domin tunawa da cika shekaru 50 da samun ‘yancin kai. Sabanin takardun ajiyar banki da tsabar kudi da aka yi a baya na Zambia, sabuwar takardar ajiyar banki ita ce ta farko da aka amince da ita a matsayin takardar kudi ta doka a kasar, mai dauke da siffofi iri daya na takardun kudi hamsin na Kwacha. 

## Darajar musayar kudi

* Tun daga 14 ga Maris, 2023 1 US $ yana siyan kwacha 20.3.

### Darajar Musanya Tarihi

 Matsakaicin Gudu kamar na 13 Janairu 2023

## Duba kuma

* Kwacha
* Malawi kwacha
* Tattalin arzikin Zambia

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Zambia Tsabar kudi Catalog
* Katalojin kan layi da cikakkun bayanai kan batutuwan kuɗin takarda na Zambia tun 1963 daga colnect.com
* Kataloji na kan layi da cikakkun bayanai kan tsabar kudin Zambia tun 1964 daga colnect.com
* Bayanan banki na Zambia