Kisan Maryamu Bach

Kisan Mary Bach wani babban lamari ne na kisan kai da ya faru a Wood County, Ohio a ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 1881, lokacin da mijinta, Carl Bach, ya daba wa Mary Bach wuka har lahira.[1] Kayan da ke da alaƙa da kisan, ciki har da kwalba mai ɗauke da yatsun Bach guda uku da aka yanke, a halin yanzu ana baje kolin su a Gidan Tarihi na Wood County da ke Bowling Green, Ohio, inda suka zama abin sha'awa ga yawon buɗe ido na yanki.[2] A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masana sun ambaci kisan a matsayin wani lamari na tarihi na tashin hankali a cikin gida da kisan mata, kuma nuna yatsun Bach da sauran abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da kisan ta ya haifar da tattaunawa game da ɗabi'un gidan tarihi.[3]

## Tarihi

### Rayuwa ta farko da aure
An haifi Mary Elizabeth Bach (née Myer) a Jamus a cikin shekarun 1840. Yayinda take yarinya, iyalinta sun yi hijira zuwa Amurka. Ba a san komai game da rayuwar Bach ba kafin ƙarshen aurenta na farko, lokacin da mijinta ya ɓace kuma an ɗauka ya mutu yayin da yake yaƙi da Sojojin Tarayya a Yaƙin basasa. Ba da daɗewa ba, Maryamu ta sake auren Charles (Carl) Bach, wani baƙo na Jamus. Ma'auratan sun koma Wood County Ohio, kuma suna da 'ya'ya uku: Carl Jr., Marie, da Catherine.

Saboda Tsoro na 1873, gonar Bach ta fada cikin matsalolin tattalin arziki. Wannan lokacin ya kasance tare da karuwar halayyar Carl ga Maryamu. Saboda Maryamu ta taimaka wajen sayen gonar, Carl ba zai iya sayar da dukiyar ba tare da yardar ta ba, wanda ta ki bayarwa. A mayar da martani, Carl ya fara doke matarsa a kokarin tsoratar da ita cikin hadin kai. Maƙwabtan ma'auratan sun ba da rahoton lokuta da yawa na Carl yana nuna sha'awar kashe matarsa. An kama Carl a farkon fall of 1881, bayan Maryamu ta sami nasarar shawo kan hukumomi cewa ya sanya mata barazana. An tsare shi na kwanaki goma sha takwas, kuma a lokacin da aka sake shi, Mary ta gabatar da takardar izinin zaman lafiya, ko kuma umarnin hanawa, a kan mijinta, yadda ya kamata ta kore shi daga gonar su. Lokacin da Carl ya yi ƙoƙari ya koma gida duk da haka, Maryamu ta kulle shi daga gidan, ta tilasta masa ya yi barci a cikin shagon. A wannan lokacin, Maryamu ta yi ƙoƙari ta sami saki.

### Kisan kai da sakamakonsa
A ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 1881, Carl ya shiga gidan iyali kuma ya fara jayayya da Maryamu. Bayan ɗan lokaci, ya bar gidan na ɗan lokaci, yana dawowa da wuka na masara. Carl Bach ya soke Maryamu sau 41, ya yanke yatsunsu uku. Wasu masu bincike sun yi hasashen cewa an yanke yatsunsu lokacin da Maryamu ta ɗaga hannunta don kare kanta. Carl ya mika kansa ga hukumomin yankin washegari. A lokacin binciken da suka yi na farko game da wurin aikata laifuka, an tattara yatsun Maryamu da wuka a matsayin shaida. An yi zargin cewa ɗan fari na Bach, Carl Jr ne ya shaida kisan.

### Shari'a da kisa na Carl Bach
Bayan ikirarinsa, an kama Carl Bach kuma an yi masa shari'a don kisan kai. Rubuce-rubucen shari'ar, waɗanda ke cikin tarin Gidan Tarihi na Wood County, sun nuna cewa masu kare sun yi jayayya cewa Carl kawai ya yi niyyar raunata Maryamu, ba ya kashe ta, kuma Maryamu ce ta kawo ayyukansa ba tare da yin aikinta a matsayin matar ba. Dukansu Carl da ɗansu Carl Jr. sun ba da shaida a duk lokacin shari'ar. Shaidar Carl Jr. ta tabbatar da shaidar kisan da kuma rawar da mahaifinsa ya taka. An sami Carl da laifi, amma batutuwan da ba su dace ba sun haifar da sake shari'a, inda aka sake yanke masa hukunci kuma aka yanke masa hukuncin kisa ta hanyar ratayewa. An kashe Carl Bach a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 1883. Wannan shi ne karo na biyu kuma na karshe da aka rataye a Wood County. Bayan kisan, an sanya igiyar Carl a kan nuni a Kotun Wood County, tare da makamin kisan kai da kwalba da ke dauke da yatsun Maryamu.

## Rikicin cikin gida
A cikin gwaje-gwaje biyu, masu kare sun jaddada cewa Carl ya yi imanin cewa ya cancanci a cikin yadda ya bi da Maryamu, saboda yanayin ayyukanta. A cikin shaidarsa, Carl ya kira matarsa "dabba mai laushi" tare da "baki mai laushi". Amsawar jama'a ta farko game da kisan sau da yawa ya yi watsi da Maryamu gaba ɗaya, a maimakon haka ya mai da hankali kan mijinta ko raunin da 'ya'yanta suka fuskanta a matsayin shaidu ga kisan ta. Koyaya, bayan kisa, ɗaukar kafofin watsa labarai ya canza yawancin zargi ga Maryamu, yana nuna ƙin cika ayyukan aure na gargajiya a matsayin hujja ga kisan ta.

Masana tarihi sun ambaci auren Maryamu da kuma kisan da Carl ya yi a matsayin misali na tashin hankali na gida. Amsawar jama'a game da shari'ar ta nuna ka'idojin tarihi na zargi wanda aka azabtar a cikin cin zarafin abokin tarayya. A cikin wata kasida da aka buga a cikin jaridar The Public Historian, Dokta Rebecca Mancuso ta rubuta "Tarin takardun da aikata laifuka ya haifar yana ba da zurfin ra'ayi game da sararin cikin gida na ƙarni na sha tara da kuma dangantaka ta kusa, yankunan da ba koyaushe ba su kawo wa mata cikawa da kariya da maganganun da ke da shi zai ba da shawara. "

## Ka'idojin gidan kayan gargajiya
An fara nuna yatsun Mary Bach da aka yanke a Kotun Wood County sannan kuma a Gidan Tarihi na Wood County .  A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, sun haifar da wasu rikice-rikice na ɗabi'a tsakanin malamai game da yawon shakatawa mai duhu da nuni na jama'a na gawar mutum. A cikin Amurka, dokoki irin su Dokar Kare Kabari da Maidowa ta Amirka sun iyakance nuni na ragowar 'yan asalin ƙasar da abubuwa na jana'iza. Koyaya, saboda Mary Bach baƙo ce ta Jamus ba tare da wata alaƙa ta kabilanci ba, yatsunsu ba a kare su da kowane doka da ke akwai ba, duk da ka'idojin gidan kayan gargajiya na yanzu da ke ba da shawara game da nuna ragowar a mafi yawan yanayi. Ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan yanayi ya haɗa da lokuta inda cibiyoyin ke samun yardar dangin marigayin. Koyaya, a cewar ma'aikatan gidan kayan gargajiya, ƙoƙarin ganowa da tuntuɓar zuriyar Mary Bach ba su yi nasara ba.

A cikin 2015, gidan kayan gargajiya ya cire kwalba na ɗan lokaci daga nuni don ƙoƙarin kiyayewa, gami da maye gurbin asalin barasa wanda ke adana yatsun Bach tun 1881. [1] A cikin 2020, an sake fasalin nune-nunen kisan Bach tare da hadin gwiwar kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta cikin gida, The Cocoon . Manufofin sake fasalin sun haɗa da yin Mary Bach ta mutunci, da kuma jawo hankali ga batun tashin hankali na gida a Wood County.[2] A cikin sake fasalin, wanda yanzu yake kan nuni na dindindin, kwalba tana ƙarƙashin akwati mai lakabi, wanda za'a iya ɗaga shi a ra'ayin baƙo don duba yatsunsu.[3]￼

## Manazarta