Ambaliyar ruwa ta Uttarakhand ta 2021

**Ambaliyar Uttarakhand ta 2021**, wanda kuma aka sani da **bala'in Chamoli**,  ya fara ne a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu 2021 a cikin kewayen Nanda Devi National Park, Gidan Tarihi na UNESCO  a cikin Garhwal Himalayas na waje a cikin jihar Uttarakhand, Indiya (Taswirori 1 da 2).  Wani babban dutse da ƙanƙarar ƙanƙara ne ya haifar da shi wanda ya ƙunshi kayan da aka rushe daga kololuwar Ronti .   Ya haifar da ambaliya a gundumar Chamoli, musamman a cikin kogin Rishiganga, kogin Dhauliganga, da kuma Alaknanda - babban mashigin Ganges (Taswirori 2 da 3).   Bala'in ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane sama da 200 ko kuma sun bace. Yawancin ma'aikata ne a wurin dam din Tapovan .

## Dalilin da ya sa
A cewar rahotanni na farko, an yi hasashen ambaliyar ta samo asali ne daga wani ɓangare na kankara na Nanda Devi wanda ya fashe da wuri a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, ya saki ruwan da ya makale a bayan kankara, kuma ya haifar da ambaliyar tafkin glacial. Amma an nuna wannan ba daidai ba ne kamar yadda Hotunan tauraron dan adam suka nuna babu tabkuna a cikin kwarin kuma cewa rushewar ƙasa a bayyane ya haifar da abubuwan da suka faru. A ranar 8 ga Fabrairu 2021, The Times, London, ta ba da rahoton cewa ambaliyar ruwa ta haifar da wani ɓangare na kankara da aka ragargaje kuma ya haifar da rushewar ƙasa. A cikin hotunan tauraron dan adam, ana iya ganin alamar    a kan gangaren Nanda Ghunti, tudu mai tsayi  ft (6,300 m) a gefen kudu maso yammacin masallacin Nanda Devi, bango na duwatsu da ke kewaye da Nanda Devi massif (Maps 2, 3, da 4).  A cewar wata kasida a cikin Scientific American, 12 Fabrairu 2021, Dan Shugar, masanin ilimin ƙasa a Jami'ar Calgary, ya fassara bayanai daga Planet Labs, don ba da shawarar cewa dutsen da ke rataye " Filin kwallon kafa 15 da biyar a fadin" ya rabu da dutse kuma ya fada cikin Ronti Gad, mai ba da gudummawa ga Rishiganga (Map 3, 30 ° 28' N, 79 ° 45' E; 2, Map mafi ƙasƙanci na gefen hagu). 

A cewar BBC News, masana kimiyya huɗu daga Cibiyar Wadia ta Geology, Dehradun, Indiya sun tashi sama da shafin a cikin helikofta, sun ɗauki hotuna, kuma sun tattara wasu bayanai; sun yi la'akari da dutsen kankara da ya fashe kuma ya nutse cikin kwandon Rishiganga, an haɗa shi da wani tsauni, Raunthi, 5,600 m (18,372 ft), a ƙasa da Nanda Ghunti (Map 3, Ronti, a tsakiya na 81 da 42).  A cewar Dokta Kalachand Sain, darektan Cibiyar Wadia, canjin yanayi shine babban abin da ke haifar da daskarewa da narkewar kankara wanda ke haifar da fashewar kankara. Wani bincike na gaba da Carbon Brief ya nuna yadda ko da yake canjin yanayi mai yiwuwa bai haifar da fashewar kai tsaye ba - maimakon haka, rushewar ƙasa ko irin wannan canjin yanayin ƙasa ya haifar da shi - duk da haka, canje-canjen muhalli da canjin yanayi ya haifar tabbas ya ba da gudummawa ga yanayin ƙasa wanda ya ba da damar bala'in.&nbsp;&nbsp;

A watan Yunin 2021, Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa 'Space and Major Disasters' ta buga wani binciken da ya tabbatar da babban dutse da kankara a matsayin dalilin bala'in. Sakamakon ya dogara ne akan bayanai daga tauraron dan adam na lura da duniya, da kuma bayanan girgizar ƙasa, sakamakon samfurin lambobi, da bidiyon shaidu. Marubutan sun kiyasta Ruwan sama a kusan mita cubic miliyan 27, wanda ya kunshi kashi 80% na dutse da 20% na kankara. Ginin kankara ya juya cikin ruwa a kan hanyar bambancin tsawo na kilomita 3.2 daga saman, wanda ya kara tsananta tasirin ta hanyar haifar da ambaliyar ruwa.&nbsp;

## Wadanda suka mutu da lalacewa
Daga cikin wuraren da ambaliyar ta fi shafa sune Joshimath, Rini, Nanda Devi National Park, Tapovan Vishnugad Hydropower Plant da Sridhar . 

Bala'in ya bar sama da 200 da suka mutu ko suka bace. Ya zuwa Mayu 2021, "an gano gawarwaki 83 da sassan jikin mutum 36 daga cikin mutane 204 da suka ɓace har zuwa yanzu. "  Daga cikin wadanda suka ɓace da waɗanda suka mutu, 140 ma'aikata ne a shafin yanar gizon Tapovan Hydropower Plant. 

Aikin wutar lantarki na Rishiganga mai karfin megawatt 13 a Rini, a kan kogin Rishiganga, mai ratsa kogin Dhauliganga, ya lalace kuma ma’aikata 35 da ke aikin aikin sun bace har zuwa watan Fabrairun 2021.  Gundumar Chamoli da ke Uttarakhand ta bayyana cewa ta fi fama da matsalar kogin Dhauliganga.  Dam din Dhauliganga a mahadar kogin Rishiganga da Dhauliganga (a

## Matakan taimako
An kwashe ƙauyuka da yawa yayin da hukumomi suka kwashe madatsun ruwa guda biyu a cikin kogi don dakatar da ambaliyar ruwa daga isa garuruwan Haridwar da Rishikesh. An tura C-130J Super Hercules guda biyu tare da ƙungiyoyi 3 na Ƙungiyar Taimako ta Kasa (NDRF) a cikin aikin ceto.

Bayan ambaliyar, mazauna Joshimath sun fara lura da tsagewa a gidaje; a ƙarshe an kwashe gidaje sama da 600 bayan wani haikalin yankin ya rushe.

## Damuwa da muhalli
An bayyana yanayin yankin kafin bala'in a matsayin "mai rauni".   A cewar *The New York Times*, masana kimiyya sun gargadi gwamnatin Indiya shekaru da yawa cewa Himalayas yana ɗumamar yanayi mai haɗari kuma yanayin yanayin yankin ya zama mai haɗari ga haɗari na ayyukan ci gaba.  Dr. Ravi Chopra, darektan Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Jama'a a Uttarakhand kuma memba na kwamitin kimiyya da Kotun Koli ta Indiya ta nada a 2014, ya ba da shawara game da gina madatsun ruwa a cikin yankin paraglacial, watau kwaruruka na kogin da bene ya fi , amma gwamnatin Indiya ta yi watsi da ƙin amincewarsu.  A cewar Dr. Chopra, dukkan ayyukan wutar lantarkin da aka yi amfani da su wajen samar da wutar lantarki da aka yi a wannan yankin.  A cewar wani kwamitin da Dr. Chopra ya jagoranta kuma Kotun Koli ta Indiya ta nada a 2020, bisa ga *New York Times*, Gwamnatin Indiya ta gina  na babbar hanya —  fadi-a cikin tuddai na Uttarakhand don inganta hanyoyin zuwa gidajen ibada na Hindu a cikin tsaunukan Himalayas, suna yin watsi da shawarwarin masana nasa,  Shugaban Reni, ƙauyen da ambaliyar ta fi shafa, ya bayyana cewa mazauna ƙauyen suna tsoron cewa fashewar duwatsu a lokacin gina madatsar ruwa na ruwa zai haifar da zabtarewar ƙasa mai haɗari.  Ya ce: "Mun kasance muna jin hayaniya kuma muna ganin duwatsu suna motsi." "Lokacin da ake wannan aikin, rabin kauyenmu sun zame, mun nemi a dauke mu daga nan zuwa wani wuri, gwamnati ta ce za ta yi, amma hakan bai taba faruwa ba." 

## Gidan wasan kwaikwayo
Ayyukan ceto a tashar wutar lantarki ta Tapovan Vishnugad ta NTPC - Ramin 1;
Fayil:PIB098_Uttarakhand_avalanche_rescue_operation_2021.jpg|alt=Rescue operation at the Tunnel 1 of Tapovan Vishnugad Hydropower Plant, Date: 8 February 2021| Aikin ceto a Ramin 1 na Tapovan Vishnugad Hydropower Plant, Kwanan wata: 8 Fabrairu 2021
Fayil:PIB065_Uttarakhand_avalanche_rescue_operation_2021.png|alt=Rescue operation at the Tunnel 1 of Tapovan Vishnugad Hydropower Plant, Date: 8 February 2021| Aikin ceto a Ramin 1 na Tapovan Vishnugad Hydropower Plant, Kwanan wata: 8 Fabrairu 2021
Fayil:PIB093_Uttarakhand_avalanche_rescue_operation_2021.jpg|alt=Rescue operation at the Tunnel 1 of Tapovan Vishnugad Hydropower Plant, Date: 8 February 2021| Aikin ceto a Ramin 1 na Tapovan Vishnugad Hydropower Plant, Kwanan wata: 8 Fabrairu 2021
Ayyukan ceto a tashar wutar lantarki ta Tapovan Vishnugad ta NTPC - Ramin 2;
Fayil:PIB052_Uttarakhand_avalanche_rescue_operation_2021.jpg|alt=Rescue operation at the Tunnel 2 of Tapovan Vishnugad Hydropower Plant, Date: 8 February 2021| Aikin ceto a Tunnel 2 na Tapovan Vishnugad Hydropower Plant, Kwanan wata: 8 Fabrairu 2021
Fayil:PIB053_Uttarakhand_avalanche_rescue_operation_2021.jpg|alt=Rescue operation at the Tunnel 2 of Tapovan Vishnugad Hydropower Plant, Date: 8 February 2021| Aikin ceto a Tunnel 2 na Tapovan Vishnugad Hydropower Plant, Kwanan wata: 8 Fabrairu 2021
Fayil:PIB054_Uttarakhand_avalanche_rescue_operation_2021.jpg|alt=Rescue operation at the Tunnel 2 of Tapovan Vishnugad Hydropower Plant, Date: 8 February 2021| Aikin ceto a Tunnel 2 na Tapovan Vishnugad Hydropower Plant, Kwanan wata: 8 Fabrairu 2021
Fayil:PIB056_Uttarakhand_avalanche_rescue_operation_2021.jpg|alt=Rescue operation at the Tunnel 2 of Tapovan Vishnugad Hydropower Plant, Date: 8 February 2021| Aikin ceto a Tunnel 2 na Tapovan Vishnugad Hydropower Plant, Kwanan wata: 8 Fabrairu 2021


## Manazarta