Rosalie Abella

**Rosalie Silberman Abella** CC FRSC (an haife ta a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 1946) ƙwararriyar lauya ce a ƙasar Kanada . A shekara ta 2004, an naɗa Abella a Kotun Koli ta Kanada, inda ta zama mace ta farko Bayahudiya kuma 'yar gudun hijira da ta hau kujerar Kotun Koli ta Kanada.  Ta yi ritaya daga Kotun Koli a shekara ta 2021.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Rosalie Silberman Abella a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 1946, 'yar Jacob da Fanny (Krongold) Silberman.   An haife ta a wani sansanin 'yan gudun hijira a Stuttgart, Jamus. An haifi mahaifinta a Sienno, Poland, a shekarar 1910,  yayin da aka haifi mahaifiyarta a Ostrowiec a shekarar 1917.  An kashe babban ɗan'uwan Abella a lokacin kisan kiyashin Holocaust . Iyayenta duka sun tsira, an 'yantar da Jacob Silberman daga sansanin 'yan gudun hijira na Theresienstadt, Fanny Silberman ya tsira daga sansanin 'yan gudun hijira na Buchenwald . Jacob ya yi karatun lauya a Jami'ar Jagiellonian da ke Kraków kuma an nada shi shugaban ayyukan shari'a na mutanen da aka kora a Yankin Kudu maso Yammacin Jamus na Amurka .    A shekarar 1950, an shigar da iyalinta zuwa Kanada, kodayake ba a ba wa Jacob Silberman izinin yin aikin lauya ba saboda ba ɗan ƙasa ba ne.  

Tun tana ƙarama, Abella ta ƙuduri aniyar zama lauya.   Ta halarci Kwalejin Oakwood da Makarantar Sakandare ta Bathurst Heights a Toronto, Ontario.  Daga nan ta halarci Jami'ar Toronto, inda ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kiɗa a shekarar 1967 da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin LL. B. a shekarar 1970.  A shekarar 1964, Abella ta kammala karatunta a Royal Conservatory of Music a fannin piano na gargajiya. 

## Sana'a
An kira Abella zuwa lauyan Ontario a shekarar 1972.  Ta yi shari'ar farar hula da ta laifuka har zuwa 1976, lokacin da take da shekaru 29, aka naɗa ta a Kotun Iyali ta Ontario (wanda yanzu ɓangare ne na Kotun Shari'a ta Ontario ) ta hannun babban lauya Roy McMurtry a wancan lokacin,  ta zama alkali mafi ƙaranci kuma ta farko da ta yi ciki a tarihin Kanada.  An naɗa ta a Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Ontario a shekarar 1992. 

A tsakanin 1983–1984, Abella ta yi aiki a matsayin kwamishina tilo ta Hukumar Sarauta ta Tarayya kan Daidaito a Aiki (wanda aka sani da kwamitin Abella ), wanda Lloyd Axworthy ya naɗa.  A matsayinta na kwamishina, ta ƙirƙiro kalmar da manufar " adalci a aiki ",  wata dabarar rage shingayen da mata, tsiraru da ake gani, mutanen da ke da nakasa, da kuma 'yan asalin ƙasar Aboriginal ke fuskanta.   An amince da ka'idojin daidaito da wariya da aka haɓaka a cikin rahoton a cikin *Andrews v Law Society of British Columbia* (1989), hukuncin farko na Kotun Koli ta Kanada game da haƙƙin daidaito a ƙarƙashin *Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙoƙi da 'Yanci ta Kanada* .  Rahoton shawarwarinta kuma an amince da shi ta hanyar hukumomin da suka haɗa da New Zealand, Afirka ta Kudu, da Arewacin Ireland . 

A shekarar 1988, Abella ta jagoranci muhawarar shugabannin da ke amfani da harshen Ingilishi a talabijin tsakanin Brian Mulroney ( PC ), John Turner ( Liberal ) da Ed Broadbent ( NDP ). 

Abella ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Hukumar Hulɗa da Ma'aikata ta Ontario, Nazarin Ontario kan Samun Ayyukan Shari'a ta Nakasassu da Hukumar Gyaran Shari'a ta Ontario, kuma a matsayinta na memba na Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Ontario da kuma binciken shari'a kan shari'ar Donald Marshall, Jr. Daga 1988 zuwa 1992, ta koyar a Jami'ar McGill a matsayin Farfesa Mai Ziyarar Boulton.  

A shekara ta 2004, Firayim Minista Paul Martin ya naɗa Abella a Kotun Koli ta Kanada . Abella ta zama mace Bayahudiya ta farko da ta zauna a kotun.  Ta cancanci yin aiki a Kotun Koli har zuwa ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2021, lokacin da ta cika shekara 75.  A watan Fabrairun 2021, ta sanar da cewa za ta yi ritaya a wannan ranar, kuma Firayim Minista Justin Trudeau ya fara zaɓen sabon alkali wanda zai gaje ta.  An zaɓi Mahmud Jamal a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinta, kuma ya hau mulki a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2021. Bayan ritayarta daga Kotun Koli, Abella ta yi aiki a matsayin farfesa mai ziyara a Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Fordham da Makarantar Shari'a ta Harvard .  

Abella ƙwararriya ce a fannin dokokin kundin tsarin mulki da dokokin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam. Ra'ayoyinta kan yi nuni da dokokin ƙasashen waje da na ƙasashen duniya. A cewar Sian Elias, alkalai a ƙasashe da yawa na dokokin gama gari suna ɗaukar su a matsayin masu iko.

## Daraja da rayuwar mutum
Abella ta sami aƙalla digirin girmamawa 38.  A ranar 7 ga Yuni, 2023, an ba ta lambar girmamawa ta Doctor of Laws daga Jami'ar Saskatchewan. Ta zama memba na Royal Society of Canada a 1997.  An ba ta lambar yabo ta Golden Jubilee Medal ta Sarauniya Elizabeth II ta Kanada a 2002.  An zaɓe ta a matsayin memba na girmamawa na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a 2007.  A 2012 an ba ta lambar yabo ta Diamond Jubilee ta Sarauniya Elizabeth II ta Kanada.  A watan Mayu na 2016, an ba ta digiri na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Yale,  ta zama mace ta farko 'yar Kanada da ta sami irin wannan girmamawa.  Bugu da ƙari, ta kasance alkali a kyautar Giller . A watan Janairun 2017, Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Duniya ta Makarantar Shari'a ta Northwestern Pritzker ta ba ta suna a matsayin Babbar Lauya ta Duniya ta Shekara ta 2016 domin girmama jajircewarta ga kare hakkin dan adam da kuma shari'ar laifuka ta duniya.  A watan Afrilun 2018, an zabi Abella a matsayin memba na Ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Amurka . 

Abella ita ce bazawara ga masanin tarihi Irving Abella,  kuma tana da 'ya'ya maza biyu.

*Ba tare da Gabatarwa ba: Rayuwar Koli ta Rosalie Abella*, wani fim na gaskiya game da Abella wanda darakta Barry Avrich ya shirya, wanda aka fara nunawa a ranar 1 ga Mayu, 2023, a bikin nuna fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Kanada na Hot Docs . 

An naɗa ta a matsayin Sahabiyar Order of Canada a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 2025. 

## Duba kuma

* Dalilan Kotun Koli ta Kanada daga Mai Shari'a Abella

## Manazarta