Oumarou Ganda

**Oumarou Ganda** (1935 &#x2013; 1 Janairu 1981) darakta ne kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Nijar a fina-finan Afirka a shekarun 1960 da 1970.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Ganda a Yamai babban birnin Nijar a shekarar 1935 kuma ɗan ƙabilar Djerma ne. Ya kammala karatun firamare a birnin Yamai da kuma ya na da shekaru 16 ya koma Faransa Far East Expeditionary Corps kamar yadda wani soja daga shekarar 1951 zuwa shekarar 1955. Bayan ya shafe shekaru biyu a Asiya a lokacin yaƙin Indochina na farko ya koma Nijar, inda ya kasa samun aiki. Ya yi hijira zuwa Côte d'Ivoire kuma ya zama dogon bakin teku a tashar jiragen ruwa na Abidjan . A can ya sadu da masanin ilimin ɗan adam kuma ɗan fim Jean Rouch . Rouch ya kasance mai sha'awar al'ummar Nijar a Cote d'Ivoire kuma ya dauki Ganda a matsayin masanin kididdiga don bincikensa kan shige da fice.

Rouch ne ya gabatar da Ganda a sinima. Ganda yayi fitowa ta musamman a cikin fim ɗin Rouch na shekarar 1957 *Zazouman de Treichville*, da kuma jagorar rawar a *Moi, un Noir* ( *I, a Negro* ) a cikin 1958. Bayan 'yan shekaru ya koma Yamai, inda ya shiga cikin Cibiyar Al'adu ta Franco-Nigerian. A Cibiyar Al'adu da Cinema Club ya hadu da ƙwararrun ƙwararru waɗanda ke ba da horo a kan jagoranci, kamara, da sauti, kuma ya zama mataimakin technician. Kulob din ya samar da fina-finai da dama, kuma a cikin 1968 ya shirya gasar wasan kwaikwayo, wanda Ganda ya rubuta rubutun fim ɗinsa na farko, *Cabascabo*, bisa ga abubuwan da ya samu a Indochina. Ya ci gaba da yin fina-finai a cikin shekarun 1970, yawancinsu sun sami yabo na duniya kuma sun kasance motocin sharhin zamantakewa a lokacin jam'iyya daya. Shahararriyarsa, *Le Wazzou Polygame* (1970) ya sami lambar yabo ta FESPACO Film Festival Best Film Award. Baya ga fina-finansa masu ban mamaki, Ganda ya kammala fina-finai da yawa kuma yana aiki a kan daya a lokacin mutuwarsa ta bugun zuciya a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1981.

### Girmamawa bayan mutuwa
Daga cikin karramawar da aka yi masa, wata babbar cibiyar al'adu, wasan kwaikwayo, da ɗ*akin karatu a Yamai, Le Center Culturel Oumarou GANDA (CCOG)* an sanya masa suna a shekarar 1981, jim kaɗan bayan rasuwarsa.

A matsayin wanda ya lashe kyautar mafi kyawun fim a bikin fim na FESPACO na shekara na farko, bayan rasuwarsa FESPACO ta fara ba da lambar yabo ta Fina-finan Afirka mai suna *Oumarou Ganda Prize*.

## Fina-finai

* *Cabascabo* (1968, mintuna 45, baƙi da fari, wanda aka yi fim gabaɗaya a cikin yaren Zarma ) Fim ɗin tarihin kansa wanda ke magana da sabis na Ganda a cikin Rundunar Baƙi na Faransa a Indochina . Wani matashin soja yana ganin abokansa sun mutu a cikin yaki saboda wani abu da ya saba musu. *Cabascabo ya* fara a Paris a cikin 1968 kuma an nuna shi a Cannes .  Ya lashe Diploma a bikin Fim na Duniya na Moscow na 6,  lambar yabo ta masu sukar kasa da kasa a Malaga, da kuma ambaton girmamawa a bikin Fim na Carthage .
* *Le Wazzou Polygame* (1970, mintuna 50, 16&nbsp;mm, launi, harshen Zarma) Fim ɗin Ganda na biyu yana magana ne akan auren mace fiye da ɗaya da auren dole. Fina-finan na sukar al'ummar Nijar da masu rike da madafun iko a Afirka . Daga cikin kyaututtukan, ta sami babbar kyautar FESPACO ta farko a cikin 1972. 
* *Saitane* (1972, mintuna 64, 16&nbsp;mm, launi, harshen Zarma) Wani fim na sukar al'umma wanda a cikinsa marabout ya zama abin shiga tsakanin mazinaciya da masoyinta mai arziki.
* *L'Exilé* (1980, mintuna 90, 16mm, launi) Ƙarfafa daga labarin al'adun Afirka. Yin amfani da tatsuniyoyi a matsayin zaburarwa na ɗaya daga cikin gagarumin gudunmawar Ganda ga finafinan Afirka .

## Manazarta

* Tunani: Oumarou Ganda . Mujallar Fofo (Niamey) 28 Maris 2008.
* Retrospectives du cinéma nigérien : Oumarou Ganda . Planete Afrique. Guy Hennebelle da Catherine Ruelle, an fitar da su daga *cineastes d'Afrique Noire* Satumba 2008.
* Lyle Pearson. Shekaru Hudu na Fim na Afirka. Fim Quarterly, Vol. 26, Lamba 3 (Spring, 1973), shafi.&nbsp;42-47
* Jean Rouch, Steven Feld. Ciné-ethnography. Jami'ar Minnesota Press (2003)  *Tattaunawa da Rouch inda mafi yawan tattaunawa game da Ganda shine haɗin gwiwarsa da Rouch da farkon aikinsa.*
* Paul Stoller . The Cinematic Griot: Ethnography na Jean Rouch. Jami'ar Chicago Press (1992) 
* Paul Stoller. Artaud, Rouch, da Cinema of Cruelty. Kayayyakin Nazarin Halittu na Kayayyakin Halitta. Juzu'i na 8 fitowa ta 2, (Satumba 1992) Shafi na 50 - 57
* Nwachukwu Frank Ukadike . Cinema Baƙar fata. Jami'ar California Press (1994)  shafi.&nbsp;75-79, 135, shafi
* Umaru Ganda . Encyclopædia Universalis Faransa, shiga 2009-03-30.

## Ƙara karantawa

* Maizama Issa. Umar Ganda : cinéast nigérien : un regard du dedans sur la société en transition. Série études et recherches no 136. Dakar : Enda-Edition, (1991).