Fulbert Youlou

**Fulbert Youlou** (19 Yuli 1917 - 6 ga Mayu 1972) shugaban kishin kasa ne na Kongo kuma tsohon limamin Katolika wanda ya zama shugaban Jamhuriyar Kongo na farko bayan samun 'yancin kai a 1960.

A watan Agustan 1960, Youlou ya jagoranci kasarsa zuwa 'yancin kai. A cikin Disamba 1960, ya shirya wani taro na nahiyoyi a Brazzaville, inda ya yaba da fa'idar 'yanci na tattalin arziki da kuma yin Allah wadai da tsarin gurguzu. Youlou ya kunyata mutane da yawa lokacin da ya kafa tsarin jam’iyya daya da kuma daure shugabannin kungiyoyin kwadago a watan Agusta 1963; wannan ya haifar da juyin juya halin Trois Glorieuses (Turanci: "Ranaku Masu Girma Uku"). Charles de Gaulle ya raina Youlou kuma Faransa ta ƙi taimaka masa. Bayan haka Youlou ya yi murabus a sakamakon adawa da mulkinsa.

## Tasawa da nadawa
Youlou, wanda sunansa na ƙarshe na nufin "Innabi" a Lari, an haife shi a Madibou a Pool. An nuna ranar haihuwarsa a matsayin 29 Yuni, 17 Yuni ko 19 Yuli 1917. Yaro karami a cikin dangin maza uku, shi Lari ne na Kongo. Sa’ad da yake ɗan shekara tara, ya yi baftisma kuma ya karɓi sunan Kirista Fulbert. A cikin 1929 ya shiga Petit Séminaire na Brazzaville. Dalibi mai hazaka, an tura shi garin Akono na kasar Kamaru domin ya kammala karatunsa na sakandare. Bayan haka, ya shiga Grand Seminaire na Yaoundé inda ya yi kyau sosai a falsafa. A nan ya gana da Barthélemy Boganda, shugaban masu kishin kasa na Oubangui-Chari nan gaba kuma firayim minista na farko a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, amma kuma Andre-Marie Mbida, shugaban kasar Kamaru na farko.

Da ya koma kasar, ya koyarwa a makarantar hauza a Mbamou kafin ya tafi Libreville don kammala karatunsa na tauhidi. Ya kammala karatunsa na ƙarshe a Brazzaville. An nada Fulbert Youlou a matsayin firist a ranar 9 ga Yuni 1946 ko kuma a cikin 1949. An sanya shi zuwa cocin Saint-François de Brazzaville inda ya jagoranci ƙungiyoyin matasa da yawa, ayyukan wasanni, da ƙungiyoyin Katolika. Ya kuma rufe babban asibitin da gidan yari.

## Tashin siyasa

### Malamin siyasa
Fulbert Youlou yana sha'awar siyasa sosai. Mai kare shi, Uba Charles Lecomte, ya ƙarfafa shi, ya ba da takararsa na kwalejin Afirka a zaɓen yanki na 1947 a gundumar Pool. Amma ko da yake an zaɓi Uba Lecomte ba tare da wahala ba a kwalejin Turai, Youlou ya sha wahala mai zafi. Ya gane cewa idan aka zabe shi, ba zai sake fitowa fili da goyon bayan gwamnati ko manufa ba. Ko da yake mutumin cocin farar fata ne, bayan haka ya ba da kansa ga juriyar Afirka.

Wannan hali bai faranta wa manyansa rai ba, haka kuma a cikin Oktoba 1953 an gabatar da kara ga diocese a kan matashin Abbé, wanda aka kama da yin zina. A matsayin ma'aunin ladabtarwa, an sake sanya shi a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba 1954 zuwa wata manufa a cikin daji a Mindouli inda aka ɗauke shi aiki a matsayin shugaban makarantar Katolika.

A lokacinsa a Saint-François, Youlou ya yi tasiri a matsayin mai magana na Lari. Yawancin Lari sun kasance mabiyan Matswanism, ƙungiyar Almasihu da ke ƙalubalantar mulkin mallaka wanda wani Téké [André Matswa ko Mutswé] ya kafa, wanda ya mutu a kurkuku a 1942. Matashin Abbé ya sami damar sanya kansa a matsayin mai shiga tsakani ga Matswa, yana kula da Amicale, ƙungiyar taimakon kai ta Lari Matswa ta kafa, ta ba shi damar yin tasiri a kan almajiransa. Bugu da ƙari, mayar da hankali ga ƙungiyar ya ba shi damar jingina kansa ga matasan Lari. A ƙarshe, hukuncin da cocin ya yi masa ya tabbatar da shi a matsayinsa na shugabansu domin ya sa ya zama wanda aka azabtar da cocin Kongo da Turawa suka mamaye.

## Tsakanin dan siyasa da sufanci
A watan Oktoba 1955, albarkacin wannan hoton juyin juya hali, majalisar Kongo (ba ta iyakance ga mutanen Lari ba) ta zaɓi Youlou a matsayin wakilinsu a zaɓen majalisar dokoki mai zuwa. Lokacin da aka sanar da takararsa, bishop Mgr. Bernard ya yi ƙoƙarin hana shi. An dakatar da shi daga sanya kaso da kuma yin bikin Maulidi. Kongos ya ba shi fensho kowane wata har ma da mota tare da direba don biyan bukatunsa.

Da farko, magoya bayan Youlou sun ɗauke shi reincarnation na “Yesu-Matswa,” ra’ayin da ya ƙarfafa ta cewa shi firist ne. Shi da kansa ya zama alama mai rai na tsayin daka na mulkin mallaka. Wani labari ya haɗe shi da Loufoulakari ya faɗo, inda aka yanke kan babban Kongo Boueta Mbongo da turawan mulkin mallaka suka jefa shi cikin ruwa. Ya yi wanka a wurin a cikin kwandonsa yana addu'a yana kira ga magabatan kwarai. Wai tufafinsa sun bushe ko da an nutse shi.

An kai wannan sufanci cikin yakin neman zabe. Ayyukan tashin hankali sun zama hanyar aiwatar da ayyukan siyasa ga mayakan Bacongo wanda ya sa ido. Don haka a ranar 12 ga Disamba 1955, wasiƙu na magoya bayansa sun yi kira ga Matswanists waɗanda ba su shiga Abbé a yi musu bulala ba. Daya daga cikinsu, Victor Tamba-Tamba, ya ga an kone gidansa tare da kashe danginsa baki daya a ranar 28 ga Disamba. Tashin hankali ya kai ga zazzabi a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 1956, ranar zabe: lokacin da aka bude rumfunan Bacongo, matasan Lari sun dauki alhakin kashe masu jefa kuri'a wadanda suke zargin ba za su zabi Youlou ba. Dole ne hukumomi su tura jami’an tsaro don kare rumfunan zabe. Kwanciyar hankali bai daɗe ba ya koma Brazzaville. A cikin kwanaki biyu da suka biyo baya, an lalata gidaje da dama, an kashe mutane dubu hudu tare da jikkata wasu dubbai. Youlou da daya daga cikin abokan hamayyarsa, Jacques Opangault, sun yi kira da a kwantar da hankula ta rediyo.

## Manazarta