Kamala Khan

**Kamala Khan** jarumi ce wacce ta bayyana a cikin Littattafan ban dariya na kasar Amurka da Marvel Comics suka buga. Editoci Sana Amanat da Stephen Wacker, marubuci G. Willow Wilson, da masu zane-zane Adrian Alphona da Jamie McKelvie ne suka kirkireshi, Kamala ita ce babban dan asalin Musulmi na farko da kuma halin Pakistani-Amurka tare da nata littafin ban dariya. A cikin Marvel Universe, ita matashiya ce 'yar Pakistan-Amurka daga Jersey City, New Jersey tare da iyawar jiki wanda ya gano cewa tana da kwayoyin halitta na Inhuman bayan labarin "Inhumanity". Ta ɗauki rigar **Ms. Marvel** daga gunkinta, Carol Danvers, bayan Danvers ya zama Kyaftin Marvel.

Kamala ta fara fitowa a cikin wani labari a Captain Marvel # 14 (Agusta 2013), kafin ta bayyana a cikin tarihin All-New Marvel Now! *Sabon Abin mamaki Yanzu! *Point One # 1 (Janairu 2014) kuma ya fito a cikin jerin solo *Ms. Marvel* daga Fabrairu 2014 zuwa Maris 2019, a cikin jerin na biyu, The Magnificent *Ms. Marvel*, daga Oktoba 2019 zuwa Mayu 2021, kuma a cikin jerin Ms. Marvel guda uku daga Nuwamba 2019 zuwa Janairu 2023. Daga 2016 zuwa 2021, halin ya taka rawar goyon baya a cikin jerin kungiyoyin Champions da Secret Warriors; Kamala kuma ya kasance mai mayar da hankali ga jerin abubuwan da suka faru na 2020 "Outlawed" bayan an sanya shi a matsayin mai laushi kuma ya fuska da "Dokar Kamala", dokar mafi ƙarancin shekaru. Wani nau'in gwauruwa na gaba mai zuwa **Kamala Carrelli**, wanda aka sani da sunan mai tsaron gida **Khan**, ya bayyana a matsayin babban hali a cikin jerin Exiles, wanda aka buga daga Afrilu 2018 zuwa Maris 2019. Bayan kammala jerin shirye-shiryen ta, Kamala ta zama hali mai maimaitawa a cikin The Amazing Spider-Man (2022), wanda ya ƙare da mutuwa a cikin fitowar # 26 na wannan jerin a watan Mayu 2023. Daga nan aka tashe ta a cikin labarin *X-Men Hellfire Gala* na Yuli 2023 inda aka bayyana cewa ita Inhuman / mutant hybrid ce, mai haɗin kai tare da MCU. Daga 2023 zuwa 2024, an bincika matsayin Kamala a cikin jerin iyakoki guda biyu da kuma manyan jerin *X-Men* masu gudana. Farawa a watan Yulin 2024, Kamala ya fito a cikin kundi na biyu na  tare da wasu matasa masu canzawa yayin da suke daidaitawa da rayuwa a Birnin New York a cikin bayan Krakoan Age.

Sanarwar Marvel cewa halin Musulmi zai zama babban labari a littafin ban dariya ya ja hankalin mutane da yawa,    tare da The New York Times Best Seller  Ms. Marvel: Babu Al'ada da ta lashe Kyautar Hugo ta 2015 don mafi kyawun labarin hoto. Halin da jerin sa na solo sun sami karbuwa mai kyau,   tare da tallace-tallace masu ƙarfi don jerin sa na Solo.   Koyaya, mutuwar ta 2019 da 2023 a cikin Champions da The Amazing Spider-Man, bi da bi, an soki su da rashin jin daɗi.

Iman Vellani tana taka rawar gani a cikin Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) Miniserie *Ms. Marvel*, jan hankali Avengers: Quantum Encounter (duka 2022), fim din The Marvels (2023), da kuma jerin shirye-shiryen Marvel Zombies masu zuwa; ba kamar littattafan ban dariya ba, Kamala an sake tunaninsa a matsayin mai canzawa wanda ke amfani da bangon sihiri don ƙirƙirar abubuwan da ke haskakawa daga haske mai wuya. Daga 2016 zuwa 2019, Kathreen Khavari ta bayyana halin a cikin jerin shirye-shirye irin su Avengers Assemble, Marvel Rising, da *Spider-Man* . Sandra Saad ce ta bayyana ta a cikin wasan bidiyo na Marvel's Avengers (2020) da kuma jerin shirye-shiryen Spidey da Abokansa masu ban mamaki (2021).

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya

### Asalin kirkirar abubuwa
Marvel Comics ta sanar a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2013 cewa Kamala Khan, matashiyar Musulmi ta Amurka daga Jersey City, New Jersey, za ta karɓi jerin littattafan ban dariya *Ms. Marvel* a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2014. Jerin, wanda G. Willow Wilson ya rubuta kuma Adrian Alphona ya zana, ya nuna karo na farko da wani hali Musulmi ya gabatar da littafin Marvel Comics. Noelene Clark na *M">[[Los Angeles Times]]* ta lura cewa Kamala ba shine hali na farko na Musulmi a cikin littattafan ban dariya ba; wasu haruffa Musulmi sun haɗa da Simon Baz, Dust da M. An haifi halin ne a lokacin tattaunawa tsakanin editocin Marvel Sana Amanat da Stephen Wacker . Amanat ya ce, "Ina gaya masa [Wacker] wani labari mai ban dariya game da yarinta, girma a matsayin Musulmi na Amurka. Ya ga yana da ban dariya". Daga nan sai suka gaya wa Wilson game da ra'ayin, kuma Wilson yana da sha'awar shiga ciki. Amanat ya ce jerin sun fito ne daga "sha'awar bincika Musulmi-Amurka daga hangen nesa".

Mai zane Jamie McKelvie ya dogara da kayan Kamala akan sake fasalin Carol Danvers a matsayin Kyaftin Marvel da kuma zane na Dave Cockrum na asalin Ms. Marvel .  Amanat ta tambayi cewa zane "ya nuna abin da Kyaftin Marvel ya gada, da kuma labarinta da asalinta",  kuma ta ce kayan Kamala sun rinjayi shalwar kameez. Suna son kayan ado don wakiltar al'adun ta amma ba sa son ta sa hijabi,  saboda yawancin 'yan mata 'yan Pakistan-Amurka ba sa sa shi.  Amanat ta ce suna son ta yi kama da "ƙananan siren jima'i" don yin kira ga yawancin mata masu karatu.

Marvel na son yarinya musulma, tana cewa tana iya fitowa daga ko'ina kuma tana da asali. Wilson da farko ya yi la'akari da sanya ta yarinyar Larabawa daga Dearborn, Michigan  ko kuma Ba'amurke na Somaliya tare da wasan kwaikwayo da aka saita a Seattle,  amma a ƙarshe ya sanya Kamala yarinyar Desi daga Jersey City. Jersey City, a fadin Kogin Hudson daga Manhattan, an kira shi "birni na shida" na Birnin New York. Birnin wani muhimmin bangare ne na asalin Kamala da labarin, tunda yawancin labarun Marvel Comics an saita su ne a Manhattan. Wilson ya ce, "Babban bangare na Ms. Marvel shine kasancewa 'jarumi na biyu' a cikin 'birni na biyu' kuma yana da gwagwarmaya daga tausayi da motsin rai wanda zai iya ba mutum".

Jerin ya binciki rikice-rikice na Kamala tare da manyan mutane da ayyukanta na gida da na addini. Wilson, mai tuba zuwa ga Islama, ya ce: "Wannan ba bishara ba ne. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a gare ni in nuna Kamala a matsayin wanda ke fama da bangaskiyarta ... Ɗan'uwanta mai ra'ayin mazan jiya ne sosai, mahaifiyarta tana jin tsoro cewa za ta taɓa yaro kuma ta yi ciki, kuma mahaifinta yana son ta mai da hankali kan karatunta kuma ta zama likita. "  &nbsp;Amanat ya ce,

### Ikon da iyawa

Kamala ta haɓaka ƙarfinta bayan labarin Infinity na Marvel, lokacin da aka saki Terrigen Mists. Halin da take yi na rashin jin daɗi yana kunnawa ta hanyar hazo a cikin dare mai ban mamaki lokacin da ta yanke shawarar tserewa bayan iyayenta sun hana ta halartar wata ƙungiya ta makaranta. Amanat ta ce a cikin 2022 cewa lokacin da ita da Wilson ke ƙirƙirar Kamala, halin da farko zai zama mutant kafin su canza ta zuwa Inhumane. Screen Rant ya lura cewa Kamala "polymorph" ne, tare da motsi wanda "yawanci Ant-Man ne da Mister Fantastic". A cewar masanin kimiyya Sarah Gibbons, yanayin jikin Kamala yana daidai da sassauci da ake buƙata daga haruffa da ke zaune a Jersey City; siffar jikinta mai ƙarfi tana isar da saƙo mara daidaituwa.

Ikon da aka fi sani da ita shine tsawo, wanda ke ba ta damar fadada gaɓoɓinta, jikinta, ko wuyanta nesa. Sauran ikon Kamala sun haɗa da ikon canza girman ta, raguwa da faɗaɗa kanta. Lokacin da ta girma, tana iya ɗaga har zuwa tan 75. Kamala ta kuma yi amfani da wannan ikon don yin jikinta kamar takarda. Tana da hanyar warkarwa (mai iya warkar da raunukan harsashi), wanda ke aiki lokacin da ba ta amfani da iyawarta ta polymorph. Idan Kamala ta warke sosai, duk da haka, ta gaji sosai. Tana iya canzawa cikin wasu mutane da abubuwa marasa rai, kodayake ba ta amfani da wannan ikon ba.

Da aka tambaye shi game da sauye-sauyen Kamala daga littafin ban dariya zuwa aikin rayuwa a cikin 2019, Wilson ya ce: "Ina tsammanin akwai wasu haruffa waɗanda aka tsara sosai don babban allo; suna da nau'in fim na halitta. Amma tare da Ms. Marvel, da gaske ba mu da sha'awar ƙirƙirar wani abu da ke da damar fim mai ban dariya sosai [...] Tana da ikon yin fim mai ban sha'awa sosai. Allah ya albarkace su ƙoƙarin kawo wannan don aiki na rayuwa; Ban san cewa yana aiki ne a cikin hanyar da gaske ba. " &nbsp;An sake fassara ikon littafin ban dariya na Kamala don halin da aka yi a kai a kai wanda aka fara a cikin Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) a cikin 2022. Wannan maimaitawa yana da "ikon ƙirƙirar da sarrafa wani nau'in 'haske mai wuya' (tunani Green Lantern, ko Symmetra daga Overwatch) ". A cikin jerin karshe na *Ms. Marvel*, "Babu Al'ada", an bayyana cewa Kamala Khan yana da maye gurbin kwayar halitta. Iman Vellani ya tabbatar da cewa Kamala shine mutant na farko a cikin MCU. 

Daga baya aka bayyana Kamala tana da al'adun Inhuman da mutant a lokacin labarin X-Men Krakoan Age a cikin wasan kwaikwayo, tare da Charles Xavier ya yi imanin cewa Kamala da ke da ikon Inhuman da ke kunnawa da farko na iya hana ikonta na mutant. Xavier ya lura cewa ba kamar sauran mutants ba, Kamala ya sami damar yin hulɗa da Terrigen Mist ba tare da shan wani mummunan sakamako ba. Za ta "ci gaba da ikonta na asali wanda aka kafa ta hanyar al'adun Inhumority". Lokacin da jikin Kamala ya fara rushewa saboda an ta da shi ba tare da ya shiga Terrigenesis ba, Kamala ta sake yin tsari don tabbatar da kanta amma wannan yana haifar da haɗarin ba za ta farka da maye gurbin ta ba. Wani masanin kimiyya na Orchis ya sake rayar da jikin Kamala na asali a matsayin zombie tare da ikonta mai canzawa da aka kunna - an bayyana waɗannan iko su ne kayan aikin haske mai haske wanda aka fara gani a cikin MCU iteration na halin.  

## Tarihin wallafe-wallafen

### Volume daya (2013-2015)

Kamala 'yar Yusuf da Muneeba Khan ce kuma ƙanwar Aamir Khan. Ta ɗauki sunan Ms. Marvel daga Carol Danvers, wanda yanzu aka sani da Kyaftin Marvel . Mawallafin *Kyaftin Marvel* Kelly Sue DeConnick ya ce Kamala ta yi taƙaitaccen bayyanar a cikin *Kyaftin Marvel* # 14 (Agusta 2013): "Kamala tana cikin wani yanayi a cikin Kyautar Marvel 14 ... An sanya ta da gangan a matsayin da ta ga Carol tana kare fararen hula daga Yon-Rogg". &nbsp;Tana da bayyanar cameo ta biyu a Captain Marvel # 17 (Nuwamba 2013).   A cewar co-halicci G. Willow Wilson, Kamala ta yi wa Carol gumaka kuma tana kwaikwayon ta lokacin da ta sami ikon mutum:  "Captain Marvel yana wakiltar manufa da Kamala ke so. Tana da ƙarfi, kyakkyawa kuma ba ta da wani kayan zama Pakistani da 'banbanbanci'.  "Khan babban mai sha'awar littafin ban dariya ne kuma bayan ta gano ikonta na sama da na mutum - kasancewa polymorph kuma tana iya tsawaita hannayenta da kafafu kuma canza siffarta - ta ɗauki sunan Ms. Marvel", in ji Amanat. Kamala da farko ya bayyana a cikin "Garden State of Mind" a cikin tarihin All-New Marvel Now! *Sabon Abin mamaki Yanzu! *Point One # 1 (Janairu 2014) kafin farawa a cikin jerin solo *Ms. Marvel* tare da fitowar farko da aka saki a watan Fabrairun 2014.   Kamala na ɗaya daga cikin haruffa da yawa waɗanda suka gano cewa suna da al'adun Inhumanity bayan labarin "Inhumanity", wanda aka saki Terrigen Mists a duk duniya kuma suna kunna ƙwayoyin Inhuman marasa barci.

Ta yi adawa da Inventor, wani clone na Thomas Edison wanda ya lalace tare da DNA na ɗan'uwan Gregory Knox, a cikin labarin farko na jerin. Wilson ya kirkiro Inventor a matsayin babban abokin hamayya na farko na Kamala don nuna rikitarwa. Ta bayyana Inventor da kuma gabaɗaya kallon labarin buɗewa a matsayin "kooky kuma kusan Miyazaki-esque a wasu lokuta" saboda salon mai zane Adrian Alphona, wanda ke daidaita wasan kwaikwayo na barazanar da Kamala ke fuskanta tare da jin dadi na "harshe a cikin fuskar fuska". A lokacin layin labarin, Kamala ya kuma haɗu da X-Man Wolverine a kan Inventor. Saboda Wolverine yana fama da asarar hanyar warkarwa a wannan lokacin, an sanya Kamala a matsayin da zai dauki nauyin nauyin da yawa tun lokacin da Wilson ya ji wannan ya zama sauyawar rawar da za ta rushe tsammanin mai karatu cewa Wolverine zai jagoranci a cikin irin wannan ƙungiyar.

A 2014 San Diego Comic-Con, marubucin Dan Slott ya sanar da cewa Kamala zai shiga Spider-Man a cikin The Amazing Spider-Man # 7 (Oktoba 2014) a lokacin labarin "Spider-Verse". Slott ta bayyana Kamala a matsayin "halayyar da ta fi kusa da Peter Parker":  "Ta kasance jarumi ne mai girma, tana yin kuskuren rayuwarta, tana ƙoƙarin yin komai daidai".

*Ms. Marvel* da aka ɗaure a cikin taron "Secret Wars" tare da labarin "Last Days" a watan Yunin 2015, wanda ke ba da cikakken bayani game da asusun Kamala game da ƙarshen Marvel Universe. Wilson ya ce, "A cikin labarin 'Kwanaki na Ƙarshe', Kamala dole ne ta yi gwagwarmaya da ƙarshen duk abin da ta sani, kuma ta gano abin da yake nufi zama jarumi lokacin da duk duniyarku ke kan layi". Kamala ta yi gaggawar magance barazanar a Manhattan kuma, a cewar Wilson, "Za ta fuskanci abokin gaba na sirri yayin da rikici a Manhattan ya zubo cikin Jersey City, kuma za a tilasta mata yin wasu zaɓuɓɓuka masu wahala. Hakanan za a sami bayyanar baƙo na musamman ta babban jarumi Kamala - kuma magoya baya - suna jiran saduwa na dogon lokaci".

### Volume na biyu (2015-2018)
Marvel ta sanar a watan Maris na shekara ta 2015 cewa Kamala za ta shiga Avengers a cikin All-New All-Different Avengers FCBD (Mayu 2015) ta marubucin Mark Waid da masu zane-zane Adam Kubert da Mahmud Asrar, wanda ke faruwa bayan "Secret Wars", tare da Kamala da kansa yana fuskantar biliyan Asiya na Amurka Mista Gryphon .  Wani kundi na biyu na *Ms. Marvel*, tare da Kamala, na Wilson, Alphona da Takeshi Miyazawa kuma ya fara fitowa bayan "Secret Wars" a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin Marvel's All-New, All-Different Marvel. Amanat ya ce,A lokacin da wannan sabon ƙaddamarwa ya zo, kusan kusan shekaru biyu ne tun farkon *Ms. Marvel* - kuma yaro, Kamala Khan ya kasance cikin abubuwa da yawa tun daga lokacin. Tana zuwa cikin kanta a hankali, tana magance kalubalen kewayawa da zama babban jarumi. Amma horar da ita ta ƙare yanzu kuma lokaci ya yi da za a yi amfani da shi a manyan wasanni; tambayar ita ce za ta iya magance shi? ... Kamar yadda Kamala ke da 'yancin kasancewa a can - har yanzu yana da wani abu mai ban tsoro na al'adu. Mafarki na kasancewa Mai ramuwar gayya sannan kuma ba zato ba tsammani kasancewa ɗaya yana da yawa don ɗaukar wani na shekarunta. Don haka, za ta kasance dan kadan, dan kadan mai girman kai.
## manazarta