Happy Valley set

**Saitin Happy Valley** rukuni ne na galibin 'yan Burtaniya da Anglo-Irish da ƴan kasada waɗanda suka zauna a yankin "Happy Valley" na kwarin Wanjohi, kusa da tsaunin Aberdare, a ƙasar Kenya ta mulkin mallaka tsakanin shekarun 1920 zuwa 1940. A cikin shekarun 1930s, ƙungiyar ta zama sananne saboda rashin jin daɗi, salon rayuwa mara kyau da cin nasara a cikin rahotannin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi da lalata. 

Yankin da ke kusa da garin Naivasha, a bakin tafkin Naivasha, 92.8&nbsp;km (57.7 mi) arewa maso yammacin Nairobi, yana ɗaya daga cikin na farko da Turawa suka fara zama a Kenya kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren farauta na 'saitin'.  Garin Nyeri na mulkin mallaka, a gabas da Range Aberdare, shine babban garin mazauna Happy Valley. 

A tsakiyar 2000s, zuriyar Happy Valley kafa sun fuskanci talla saboda matsalolin shari'a na Tom Cholmondeley, babban jikan Lord Delamere .

Wasu daga cikin fitattun mambobi na saitin Happy Valley sune: Hugh Cholmondeley, Baron Delamere na 3 da ɗansa da magaji Thomas Cholmondeley, Baron Delamere na 4 ; Denys Finch Hatton, masoyinsa Karen Blixen ; Bror von Blixen-Finecke ; Sir Jock Delves Broughton da matarsa Diana Delves Broughton ; Josslyn Hay, 22nd Earl of Erroll ; Lady Idina Sackville ; Alice de Janzé (dan uwan J. Ogden Armor ) da mijinta Count Frederic de Janzé .

## Tarihi
A cewar Ulf Aschan, "Witty, mai ban sha'awa, wanda aka haifa, da kuma karantawa sosai, Happy Valleyites sun jajirce wajen neman abin sha'awa, sau da yawa suna samun wannan ta hanyar sha, kwayoyi, da jima'i." [1] Babban lokacin shaharar Kwarin Happy Valley shine a ƙarshen 1920s. Tabarbarewar tattalin arzikin da rikicin kasuwannin hannayen jari na shekarar 1929 ya haifar ya ragu matuka da yawan masu shigowa kasar Kenya da kuma kwararar babban birnin kasar. Duk da haka, a shekara ta 1939 Kenya tana da al'ummar Turai mai mutane 21,000.

## Wuri
Yankin da ke kusa da garin Naivasha yana ɗaya daga cikin na farko da Turawa suka zauna kuma ɗaya daga cikin wuraren farauta na hedonistic Happy Valley.  Yankin kuma ya haɗa da Thomson's Falls .  Geoffrey Buxton, manomi na farko da ya yi mulkin mallaka a yankin, ya ƙaura daga ɓarkewar Rift Valley tare da ƙananan kogunansa da iska mai ƙura da ta ba Gilgil suna. Sabili da haka, bayan gano ƙasarsa ta noma mai kyau, sai ya sanya wa wannan sabuwar wurin suna 'Happy Valley'.  Wasu mambobin Kwarin Happy sun zauna a Gilgil, Kenya, kusa da tafkin Elementaita .

Garin Nyeri a Lardin Tsakiya, zuwa gabas da Range Aberdare, wani gari ne a kusa da Happy Valley.  Garin yana da sanyin iska da hazo na safiya.  A waje da Nyeri ne Outspan Hotel, wanda shine gidan karshe na Lord Baden-Powell da matarsa, wadanda suka kafa Boy and Girl Scouting, kuma an binne shi a wajen Nyeri. Gidan yana da ƙaramin gidan kayan gargajiya da aka keɓe don rayuwar Baden-Powell da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. 

## A cikin shahararrun al'adu
Littattafai da fina-finai irin su *White Mischief* sun ba da labarin abubuwan da suka faru na Happy Valley saitin,  wanda ya nuna wasan kwaikwayo na gwaji na Jock Delves Broughton don kisan Josslyn Hay, 22nd Earl of Erroll ; da *The Happy Valley*, Juanita Carberry 's asusun na samartaka da kuma daga baya hannu tare da Delves Broughton case. Tarihin Idina Sackville, *The Bolter*, ta Frances Osborne, ya haɗa da labarun asalin saitin Happy Valley kuma yana nuna yawancin manyan halayensa. Sackville ya auri Lord Erroll na shekaru da yawa, kuma sun haifi ɗa tare.

1999 ƙaramin jerin talabijin na Burtaniya *Heat of the Sun* ya bayyana rayuka da laifuka na wasu ƙagaggun mazauna Happy Valley. 

A cikin 2019, marubucin Ba’amurke Ba’amurke Rhys Bowen ya buga wani sirrin kisan kai mai suna *So da Mutuwa Daga cikin Cheetahs* da aka saita a cikin kwari. wanda shine kashi na 13 na jerin jerin ta *A Royal Spyness Mystery* .

A cikin 2019, marubucin Irish Lucinda Riley ya ƙirƙira rayuwar wasu sanannun membobin Kwarin Happy da aka saita a cikin littafinta *The Sun Sister* . 

## Fitattun mutane

Kodayake babu ainihin ma'anar abin da ya ƙunshi memba na saitin Happy Valley, gabaɗaya marubuta sun yarda cewa yana nufin turawan mulkin mallaka da ke cikin ko kusa da yankin kwarin Wanjohi, waɗanda suka yi fice a lokacin 1920s-1940s don yawan abin kunya, yawanci game da kafirci da cin zarafin kwayoyi ko barasa.

Wasu daga cikin fitattun ma’abota wannan qungiya sune kamar haka: 

### Hugh Cholmondeley, Baron Delamere na 3
Daya daga cikin mazaunan Burtaniya na farko a Gabashin Afirka, Hugh Cholmondeley, Baron Delamere na 3 (1870–1931), KCMG, an yaba da taimakawa wajen samar da saitin Happy Valley. Lord Delamere ya fara tafiya gabashin Afirka ne a shekarar 1891 don farautar zaki kuma ya dawo duk shekara don ci gaba da farautar. A cikin 1894, zaki ya yi masa lalata. Hakan yasa ya rame har karshen rayuwarsa. Ana kuma yaba masa da kirkiro kalmar " farar farauta ". A cikin 1896, ya ƙaura zuwa Afirka kuma daga ƙarshe ya zauna a Kenya. A cikin 1906, ya sami babban gona mai suna Soysambu Ranch, wanda a ƙarshe zai tashi zuwa    . Ana kuma ganin Lord Delamere ya bayar da gudunmawa sosai wajen bunkasa aikin noma na kasar Kenya. Nan da nan ya zama sananne a tsakanin al'ummar Turai a Kenya. Ya kasance mai himma wajen daukar matsugunai zuwa Gabashin Afirka,  kuma ya sha'awar al'adun Maasai na gida. Akwai labarin yadda Delamere ya hau dokinsa zuwa dakin cin abinci na Otal din Norfolk na Nairobi yana tsalle kan teburi. su. A lokacin barkewar yakin duniya na daya, Delamere ya kasance mai kula da harkokin leken asiri a kan iyakar Maasai, da sa ido kan motsin sassan Jamus a Tanzaniya a yau.  Ya auri Lady Charles Markham (née Gwladys Helen Beckett) a cikin 1928. Ya rasu a shekara ta 1931. 

### Josslyn Hay, 22nd Earl na Erroll

Wani dan kasar Scotland kuma sanannen mai zaman kansa, Josslyn Victor Hay, 22nd Earl na Erroll (1901–1941) ya bar aikin diflomasiyya a Biritaniya kuma ya kunyata jama'a lokacin da ya gudu da wata matar aure, Lady Idina Sackville. Ma'auratan sun yi aure a 1923 kuma suka koma Kenya a 1924. Sun zama mafi shahararru a cikin 'Happy Valley' kuma gidansu, *Slains* (wanda aka sanya wa suna bayan tsohon gidan Iyalin Hay na Slains Castle), ya zama wurin rayuwar jama'a, wanda aka sani don al'adunsu. Idina, Countess na Erroll, ta saki shi a 1929, saboda yana cutar da ita ta fuskar kudi. Lord Erroll ya riga ya yi soyayya da matar aure Molly Ramsay-Hill. Ma'auratan sun gudu. Lokacin da mijin Ramsay-Hill ya gano, ya gano su kuma ya yi wa Lord Erroll bulala a bainar jama'a a Nairobi Railway Station. Erroll ya auri Molly a 1930. A 1934, Lord Erroll ya shiga British Union of Fascists (B.U.F.) na Sir Oswald Mosley kuma, bayan ya koma Kenya bayan shekara guda, ya zama shugaban Convention of Associations. A farkon 1939, matar Erroll Molly, Countess na Erroll, ta mutu daga illar shan wani hadin giya, morphine da heroin. A farkon yakin duniya na biyu a waccan shekarar, Lord Erroll ya zama kyaftin a Kenya Regiment kuma ya karbi mukamin sakataren soja na Gabashin Afirka a 1940.

A karshen 1940, Lord Erroll ya sadu da Diana, Lady Delves Broughton, sabuwar, kyakkyawa kuma matashiyar matar Sir Jock Delves Broughton, 11th Baronet. Lord Erroll da Lady Delves Broughton ba da jimawa ba suka zama masoya. Soyayyarsu ta kasance a fili. Delves Broughton ya yarda cewa ya tattauna shi a fili da Lord Erroll. Duk da haka, a watan Janairu 1941, an sami Lord Erroll an harbe shi har lahira a cikin motarsa a wata mahadar hanya a wajen Nairobi. Ko da yake an tuhumi Delves Broughton kuma an yi masa shari'a, an wanke shi daga kisan kai. An rubuta littattafai da yawa, fina-finai (ciki har da *White Mischief*) da labarai game da asirin kisan kai kuma an tattauna ra'ayoyi daban-daban; kisan kai na iya warware shi ta hanyar abin da aka gano a 2007 wanda ke nuna cewa Delves Broughton yana da laifi bayan komai.

### Lady Idina Sackville

Wata yar asalin Burtaniya, 'yar 8th Earl de la Warr kuma kani ga mawaki Vita Sackville-West, Myra Idina Sackville (1893–1955) ta kunyata jama'a lokacin da ta saki mijinta na farko Euan Wallace, inda ta rasa damar ganin 'ya'yanta maza biyu, waɗanda aka kashe daga baya yayin hidima a yakin duniya na biyu. Idina ta bar mijinta na biyu Kyaftin Charles Gordon don masoyinta Joss Hay, Earl na Erroll na gaba, wanda ya girme ta da shekaru takwas. Tare, sun koma Kenya a 1924 kuma sun fara rayuwar cin hanci da rashawa ta Happy Valley. Idina ta zama sananniya don shirya liyafa masu ban sha'awa, waɗanda suka haɗa da musayar mata da amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi. An kuma ba da labarai game da yadda ta kan maraba da baƙi a cikin baho da aka yi da kore onyx sannan ta ci gaba da yin ado a gabansu. Bayan ita da Erroll sun rabu, ta yi aure sau biyu. Ta mutu a 1955.

### Countess Alice de Janzé

An haife ta Alice Silverthorne (1899–1941), ta kasance attajira mai arziki daga Chicago da Buffalo, New York, 'yar mai masana'antar felt mai shaye-shaye kuma kani ga attajiri J. Ogden Armour. Ta zauna a Paris tun farkon 1920s, tare da mijinta, Count Frédéric de Janzé. Ma'auratan sun fara saduwa da Joss Hay, Earl na Erroll da matarsa, Idina, lokacin da na biyun suka zauna a Paris a farkon 1920s. Bayan Hays sun koma Wanjohi Valley a Kenya, sun gayyaci de Janzés don farautar zaki, a 1925 da 1926. De Janzés sun zauna a wani gida kusa da Hays na tsawon watanni da yawa. Alice ta yi soyayya da Lord Erroll daga baya kuma da Raymond de Trafford. Lokacin da de Janzés suka koma Paris, Alice ta bar mijinta don Raymond.

Alice ta yi fice a duniya a 1927, lokacin da ta harbe Raymond a wani tashar jirgin kasa ta Paris sannan ta harbe kanta. An gano daga baya cewa ta yi hakan ne saboda damuwarta, bayan Raymond ya gaya mata cewa ba zai iya auren ta ba. Dukansu an kwantar da su a asibiti amma sun tsira; Alice an yi mata shari'a a kotun Paris kuma an wanke ta da tarar dala huɗu. Lokacin da ta koma Kenya a 1928, gwamnati ta tilasta mata barin kasar a matsayin baƙo mara kyau. A 1932, ita da Raymond sun yi aure a Faransa, amma sun rabu kusan nan da nan daga baya kuma suka sake. Alice daga baya ta koma Happy Valley a Kenya. Mai fama da baƙin ciki, mai shaye-shaye da kuma mai jaraba ga morphine, ta kasance a Kenya har sai da ta kashe kanta ta hanyar harbi a 1941. Kafin mutuwarta, an yi la'akari da Alice a matsayin mai laifi na kisan Lord Erroll.

### Count Frédéric de Janzé
Wani bature dan asalin Faransa daga tsohon dangin sarauta na Brittany, Comte (Count) Frédéric de Janzé ya kuma shahara a Faransa saboda aikinsa a matsayin direban tsere. Bayan gayyata daga abokansu, Joss da Idina Hay, shi da matarsa, Alice, sun fara tafiya zuwa Wanjohi Valley, Kenya, a 1925 kuma sun yi watanni a can, suna farautar zakuna. Frédéric ya yi soyayya da Idina, yayin da Alice ke soyayya da Joss. Frédéric ya rubuta littafin tarihin rayuwa, *Vertical Land*, wanda ya ba da ra'ayoyinsa game da wasu manyan mutane na Happy Valley. Ya koma tare da Alice zuwa Happy Valley a 1926, a lokacin da Alice ta yi kokarin gudu da sabon masoyinta, Raymond de Trafford. De Janzés sun rabu a 1927, bayan fashewar harbin Alice. Frédéric ya mutu a 1933, saboda sepsis, yana da shekaru 37.

### Kiki Preston

An haife ta Alice Gwynne (1898–1946), ta kasance mai son jama'a ta Amurka, dangi ga manyan iyalai na Whitney da Vanderbilt. Kiki da mijinta na biyu, Jeromy "Gerry" Preston (1897–1934) sun fara komawa Kenya a 1926, bayan an ba su fili a gabar tafkin Naivasha ta wani aboki. Kiki da mijinta sun yi fice a matsayin manyan mafarauta. Kiki kuma ta shahara saboda amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi, musamman jarabar ta ga cocaine da heroin, kuma ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun abokan ciniki na Frank Greswolde Williams, babban dillalin miyagun ƙwayoyi na yankin. An yi mata lakabi da "yarinya mai sirinji ta azurfa", saboda al'adar ta na ci gaba da ɗaukar sirinjinta a cikin jakar ta da kuma harbin miyagun ƙwayoyi a bainar jama'a ba tare da la'akari da masu kallo ba. Duk lokacin da ta rasa kayayyaki, ta kan aika da jirgin sama don samun sababbi. Kiki kuma ta yi soyayya da maza da yawa, ciki har da Prince George, Duke of Kent, wanda ta gabatar da shi ga miyagun ƙwayoyi, abin da ya sa iyalin gidan sarauta na Birtaniya sun hana su saduwa da juna. Kiki ana zargin ta da haihuwar ɗa ba bisa ka'ida ba daga soyayyarta da Prince George, wanda daga baya ya zama mai gudanar da harkokin bugawa Michael Temple Canfield, ɗan da Cass Canfield ya ɗauka.

Bayan mutuwar mijinta, Kiki a hankali ta bar gidan gona kuma ta koma Amurka. An kashe ɗanta, Ethan, a Normandy Landings. Kiki ta kashe kanta a 1946, ta tsalle daga taga gidanta a Stanhope Hotel a New York City.

### Raymond de Trafford
Dan Sir Humphrey de Trafford, 3rd Baronet, Raymond Vincent de Trafford (1900–1971) wani dan asalin Birtaniya ne daga tsohon dangin sarauta na Irish. Aikinsa ya fara ne a Grenadier Guards ko Coldstream Guards (1919–1924). A karshen 1924 ko farkon 1925 a London don caca £50 ya yi gasar dambe zagaye biyar tare da wani dan kungiyar, Sir John Charles Peniston Milbanke mai shekaru 22.  

Mai caca, mai son mata da mai shaye-shaye, de Trafford ya kasance sananne a cikin Happy Valley a lokacin 1920s, kuma yana da masoya da yawa, ciki har da Alice de Janzé da Kiki Preston. An ruwaito cewa yana da manyan kadarori a Kenya, na akalla kadada 20000. Ya taɓa ƙoƙarin shawo kan Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester, amma an hana shi. An taɓa ruwaito de Trafford yana cikin maye sosai, har ya kona wasu gidaje na 'yan Kenya wata rana.  

De Trafford iyayensa sun yi masa barazana da korar gadonsa idan zai auri Comtesse Alice de Janzé. A ranar Asabar 26 ga Maris 1927, bayan gano gaskiyar inda ya yi alƙawarin auren ta, de Janzé ta harbe shi sannan ta harbe kanta, bayan ya hau jirgin Calais a tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Gare du Nord a Paris. Dukansu sun tsira, 'yan sanda sun tuhume ta, kuma daga baya a matsayin shaida, ya yi ƙoƙarin kare de Janzé a shari'arta. A ranar Litinin 22 ga Fabrairu 1932 a Neuilly-sur-Seine, ya auri de Janzé, amma kusan nan da nan ya watsar da ita (an zarge shi, saboda yana jin tsoronta) a kan SS Orsova a watan Nuwamba 1932, kuma ya koma Ostiraliya. Ya ziyarci dukkan jihohin Ostiraliya, kuma ya shiga cikin da'irar zamantakewa ta wasanni ciki har da tsere na dawakai a Sydney da Kalgoorlie. De Trafford ya koma Ingila a watan Afrilu 1936, kodayake an nuna cewa zai koma Ostiraliya a watan Janairu 1937. An ba de Janzé umarnin saki a watan Oktoba 1937.   

A ranar Juma'a, 3 ga Maris 1939, a Cheltenham, Ingila a kan wata hanyar karkara, de Trafford ya buge kuma ya kashe wani mai keke da motarsa yayin da yake bugu. Yana tafiya zuwa farauta tare da 'yar uwarsa. Ya roƙi rashin laifi, an yanke masa hukunci a ranar 6 ga Yuni 1939 na tsawon shekaru uku a kurkuku a Maidstone Gaol don kisan kai. Yana da shekaru 41 kuma kwanan nan aka sake shi daga kurkuku, a watan Nuwamba 1941 de Trafford ya nuna cewa an zarge shi da shiga a matsayin mai zaman kansa tare da King's Royal Rifle Corps. Tsohuwar matarsa de Janzé ta kashe kanta watanni kaɗan kafin nan. A watan Agusta 1946 ya kasance a gaban Kotun Fatara ta London, saboda bashi na £1960.  

De Trafford ya auri Eve de Vere Drummond ('yar dan wasan kurket na Northamptonshire George Drummond) a watan Mayu 1951. Ya mutu a ranar 14 ga Mayu 1971 a Northampton.

### Sir John "Jock" Delves Broughton

Wani bature dan asalin Biritaniya, Sir Henry John "Jock" Delves Broughton (1883–1942) ya koma Kenya, tare da sabuwar matarsa, Diana Caldwell, wadda ta fi shi ƙanƙanta da shekaru talatin. Diana nan take ta fara soyayya ta fili da Joss Hay, Earl na Erroll. Broughton daga karshe ya yarda da ra'ayin Diana ta watsar da shi kuma ta auri Erroll, saboda yarjejeniyar da suka yi kafin aure, cewa za ta iya watsar da shi idan ta yi soyayya da wani mutum.

Duk da haka, an kashe Erroll a watan Janairu 1941. An dauki Broughton a matsayin babban wanda ake zargi. 'Yan sanda sun kama shi kuma an yi masa shari'a don kisan Erroll. Saboda rashin isassun shaidu da la'akari da harsashi, an wanke shi. Juanita Carberry, 'yar John Carberry (10th Baron Carbery), ta tabbatar cewa Broughton ya furta kisan ga ta nan da nan bayan an wanke shi. Diana da sauri ta saki Broughton. Ya koma Ingila, inda ya kashe kansa ta hanyar barbiturate overdose a 1942.

### Diana, Lady Delamere

An haife ta Diana Caldwell (1913–1987), ta koma Happy Valley a karshen 1940, tare da sabon mijinta, Sir John "Jock" Delves Broughton, wani Baronet mai manyan kadarorin filaye a Ingila. Nan take ta fara soyayya ta fili da shahararren Joss Hay, Earl na Erroll. Ta shirya don saki Broughton da auri Erroll. Broughton da alama ya ba da albarkarsa.

An gano Erroll an kashe shi a cikin motarsa a watan Janairu 1941. An tuhumi Broughton da kisan kai amma an wanke shi a shari'ar. Diana ta taimaka wa mijinta, amma bayan shari'ar ta zarge shi da kasancewa mai kisan kai kuma ta watsar da shi.

Bayan ta rabu da Broughton, ta auri Gilbert Colvile a shekarar 1943, daya daga cikin mafi arziƙi kuma mafi ƙarfi masu mallakar filaye a Kenya kuma ta gaji yawancin dukiyarsa. Sun ɗauki diya. A shekarar 1955, Diana ta auri Thomas Cholmondeley, 4th Baron Delamere, kuma ta ƙara arzikin filayenta. Tsawon shekaru da yawa a cikin 1960s da 1970s kuma har zuwa mutuwar masoyiyarta mai luwaɗi, Diana ta zauna a cikin dangantaka uku tare da mijinta da Lady Patricia Fairweather (ɗiyar Kenneth Mackay, 2nd Earl na Inchcape).

### Leone, Cavaliere Galton-Fenzi
Leone, Cavaliere Galton-Fenzi shine wanda ya kafa Royal East African Automobile Association, REAAA, a 1919 kuma sakataren girmamawa har zuwa mutuwarsa a ranar 15 ga Mayu 1937. Shi ne mutum na farko da ya tuka daga Nairobi zuwa Mombasa a watan Janairu 1926 a cikin motar Riley. Akwai wani abin tunawa da wannan a Kenyatta Avenue.

A shekarar 1923, Galton Fenzi ya fara tattaunawa kan motocin lamuni domin a gwada su a yanayin Gabashin Afirka. Ya sami motoci da yawa, musamman ma Riley 12/50 daga Riley Motor Car Co. Ltd. na Coventry, wanda Fenzi da Kyaftin Gethin suka yi amfani da shi don buɗe hanya daga Nairobi zuwa Mombasa a watan Janairu 1926, nisan kilomita 480. Ya kuma buɗe hanyar Nairobi – Dar es Salaam zuwa Malawi, da kuma hanyar Nairobi-Khartoum.

Sauran sun hada da Gilbert Colvile, Hugh Dickenson, Jack da Nina Soames, Lady June Carberry (mahaifiyar Juanita Carberry), Dickie Pembroke, da Julian Lezzard.  Mawallafi Karen Blixen (Isak Dinesen) abokin membobin ƙungiyar ne, kuma marubuci kuma matukin jirgi Beryl Markham yana alaƙa akai-akai tare da saitin Happy Valley.

## Manazarta