open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Phidalia

**Phidalia** ( Ancient Greek   ) ko **Phidaleia** ( Ancient Greek   ) mace ce daga tatsuniyoyin Girkawa na da da ke da alaƙa da Byzantium da Byzas (wanda ya kafa Byzantium).

## Phidalia a matsayin Mai Tsaro Mai Girma
A cikin wani labarin, Phidalia ita ce matar Byzas, wanda ya kafa kuma sarkin Byzantium. Lokacin da Byzas bai kasance ba, yana tura abokan gaba zuwa Thrace, Sarkin Scythian Odryses ya haye kogin Ister kuma ya kewaye birnin. Phidalia, ba tare da tsoro ba saboda yawan masu kai hari, ya dauki mataki don kare birnin. Ta tara dukkan macizai kusa da birnin kuma ta tsare su a karkashin tsaro. Sa'an nan, ta bayyana ba zato ba tsammani a gaban abokan gaba, sai ta jefa macizai a kansu kamar kibiyoyi ko javelins, ta kamu da mutane da yawa kuma ta ceci birnin. Saboda wannan aikin, wata al'ada ta tashi cewa bai kamata a kashe macizai da aka samu a kusa da birnin ba, tunda sun kasance masu taimako.

Nonnus, a cikin Dionysiaca yana nufin ta a matsayin "mai jefa maciji" (δρακοντοβόλου Φιδαλείης) kuma yana nuna matan Bacchant suna kwaikwayon harin da ta kai a fagen yaƙi.

Phidalia kuma tana da alaƙa da Gynaikon Limen (Women's Harbor), wani tashar kusa da Byzantium. Bisa ga al'ada, ita, tare da ƙungiyar mata, sun kori wani hari da Stroibos, ɗan'uwan Byzas, ya jagoranta, yayin da mazajen maza suka tafi. Bayan ta kori maharan, sai ta bi su har zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa, wanda daga baya aka kira shi tashar jiragen sama ta mata don girmama wannan taron. Tashar jiragen ruwa tana kusa da wurin da ake kira Phidalia .  An kuma kira bayin "Limen Phidalias"  ko "bay of Phidalia". 

## Phidalia da kafa Byzantium
Malalas a cikin aikinsa ya rubuta cewa Phidalia ce ta kafa Byzantium kanta. Byzas, sarkin Thrace, ya ɗauke ta a matsayin matarsa bayan mutuwar mahaifinta Barbysius, toparch da kuma mai tsaron Emporium. Barbysius, lokacin da yake gab da mutuwa, ya umarci Phidalia da ta gina bango har zuwa teku. Byzas ya kira kasar bayan kansa kuma ya yi mulki a cikin birni.[1]

## Dutsen Phidalia
Wani dutse ko tudu kusa da Bosporos an kira shi Phidalia, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin fari kuma ya yi kama da fuka-fukan gaggafa. A cikin wata al'ada an sanya masa suna ne bayan Phidalia wacce 'yar Barbyssa ce. Bayan ta yi jima'i da Byzas kuma tana jin kunya, sai ta jefa kanta cikin teku. Poseidon, wanda ya motsa ta hanyar tausayi, ya karya wani yanki na ƙasar kuma ya gyara shi a cikin zurfin, wanda ya zama kabarinta. Wannan sigar ta ce Poseidon shine kakanninta.

## Wuri Mai Tsarki na Aphrodite
An ce Phidalia ta kafa wani wuri mai tsarki na Aphrodite a Byzantium. Byzas ya gina wani wuri mai tsarki ga Artemis a kusa. Daga baya, a lokacin mulkin Severus, an gina babban Kynegion (wurin farauta) a gaban masallacin Artemis da gidan wasan kwaikwayo a gaban masallan Aphrodite.

## Phidalia a cikin tarihin Helenanci
An ambaci Phidalia a cikin Anthology na Helenanci a rubuce-rubuce guda biyu:

## Manazarta
Polycrite

A cikin tarihin almara na Girka, **Polycrite** (  ) budurwa ce ta Naxos wadda, yayin da sojojin Miletus da Erythraea suka kewaye birninta,  Janar Diognetus na Erythraean ya ƙaunace ta, kuma ya ƙirƙiro wata dabara da ta kai ga nasarar Naxians. Akwai nau'i biyu na labarinta, waɗanda suke kamar haka.

A cewar Plutarch (wanda ya bi marubutan Naxian) da Polyaenus, Diognetus ya kama Polycrite yayin da ya lalata Naxos; ya ƙaunaci Polycrite kuma ya sanya ta matarsa ta doka. Yayin da sojojin Milesian ke bikin bikin addini, Polycrite ya tambayi Diognetus idan za ta iya aika da burodi ga 'yan uwanta a cikin birnin da aka kewaye. Ya ba da izini har ma ya ƙarfafa ta ta yi haka; sai ta rufe allon tare da bayanin kula a cikin burodi, ta umurci 'yan uwanta da su yi amfani da gaskiyar cewa Milesians za su bugu a lokacin bukukuwan, kuma su kai farmaki da dare. 'Yan uwan sun ba da saƙon ga janar din Naxian, waɗanda suka bi shawarar Polycrite kuma ta haka ne suka sami nasara a kan Milesians. Polycrite ya nemi jinƙai ga Diognetus, ya cece shi da dukiyarsa. Yayin da 'yan ƙasa suka maraba da ita a ƙofar birnin, ta cika da farin ciki cewa ba za ta iya jurewa ba kuma ta faɗi ta mutu. An binne ta a wurin, kuma kabarinta ya zama sananne da "Kabari na Envy", kamar dai Fate ya yi kishi da ita kuma ba zai bari ta ji daɗin girmamawa ba.[1][2]

A wani juzu'i, wanda Parthenius na Nicaea ya rubuta kuma, bisa ga maganar Plutarch, Aristotle ya bi shi, an bar Polycrite ba zato ba tsammani a haikalin Artemis a waje da birnin lokacin da Milesians suka toshe birnin. A can ne Diognetus ya gan ta wanda ya ƙaunace ta. Saboda ibada ya yi ƙarfin hali kada ya ɗauke ta da karfi a cikin haikalin don haka ya aika sakonni yana rokonta ta zama ƙaunatacciyarsa. Da farko za ta ƙi su amma sai ta amsa cewa za ta yarda a kan yanayin da ya rantse da sunan Artemis don cika duk wani burinta. Lokacin da ya yi haka, ta gaya masa ya ci amanar abokansa na Milesian kuma ya goyi bayan Naxians a maimakon haka. Ya yi jinkiri da farko amma daga baya, ya burge da kishin kasa na yarinyar, ya yarda. A halin yanzu, sojojin Milesian suna murna da Thargelia, wanda zai zama abin jan hankali. Diognetus da Polycrite sun yanke shawarar yin amfani da wannan kuma sun aika da gurasar burodi ga 'yan uwan Polycrite a cikin birni; a cikin gurasar an sanya allon tare da umarni a gare su. Lokacin da Polycles, ɗan'uwan Polycrite, ya karɓi saƙon, bai tabbata ba ko za su iya amincewa da Diognetus, amma a ƙarshe an yanke shawara don tallafawa aiki. Kashegari da dare, Naxians sun karya ta bangon toshewa tare da taimakon Diognetus wanda ya riƙe hasken sigina kuma ya bar ƙofar a buɗe musu. A cikin yakin da ya biyo baya, Naxians sun yi nasara amma an kashe Diognetus. An girmama Polycrite sosai saboda ceton garinsu, kuma mutane sun kawo mata kyaututtuka da yawa har ta sha wahala a ƙarƙashin nauyin su kuma ta mutu. An sanya jikinta da Diognetus a kan wuta guda ɗaya, kuma an miƙa yanka ɗari a bikin jana'izarta.

## Manazarta
Jerin Amazons

'Yan **Amazons** ƙungiya ce ko jinsi na jaruman mata a cikin tatsuniyar Girka ta dā. Yawancinsu an ambaci sunayensu a taƙaice a cikin tushe ɗaya ko biyu, ko dai a matsayin abokan Penthesilea a Yaƙin Trojan, ko kuma a matsayin waɗanda Heracles ya kashe a lokacin ayyukansa 12.

## Tatsuniyoyi

### Aikin Heracles
Labarai da yawa game da Heracles da ayyukansa 12 sun ambaci kashe Amazons daban-daban da ya yi. Waɗannan sun haɗa da Alcippe, Asteria, Celaeno, Deianira, Eriboea da Tecmessa .  Wasu, kamar Aella da Pantariste, sun yi yaƙi da Heracles amma ba a kashe su ba.

### Yaƙin Trojan
John Tzetzes ya ba da jerin sunayen Amazons a cikin Posthomerica waɗanda suka tafi tare da sarauniya Penthesilea zuwa Yaƙin Trojan kuma an kashe su a yaƙi: Anchimache, Andro, Androdaixa, Antianeira, Aspidocharme, Chalcaor, Cnemis, Enchesimargos, Eurylophe, Gortyessa, Iodoce, Ioxeia, Oistrophe, Pharetre, Thorece, Toxoanassa, da Toxophone . 

Quintus Smyrnaeus, a cikin littafinsa na Posthomerica, ya kuma bayar da jerin abokan Penthesilea a Troy waɗanda jaruman Girka suka kashe a can. Achilles ya kashe Antandre, Antibrote, Harmothoe, Hippothoe, da Polemusa ; Diomedes ya kashe Alcibie da Derimacheia, Idomeneus na Crete ya kashe Bremusa, Podarces ya kashe Clonie bayan ta kashe abokin aikinsa Menippus, Ajax the Lesser ya kashe Derinoe bayan ta kashe Laogonus, kuma Meriones ya kashe Evandre da Thermodosa . [1]

## Wasu masu suna Amazons

* Agave
* Alke
* Dioxippe
* Euryale
* Glauce
* Lysippe
* Melanippe
* Menippe
* Molpadia
* Mytilene
* Xanthe

## An sanya wa Amazons suna a cikin majiyoyin da ba na adabi ba
Ba a san wasu Amazons daga tushen adabi ba, sai dai daga rubuce-rubuce ne kawai a kan tukwane. An nuna Areto a kan tukwane mai launin baƙi a saman tukwane .   An san Creusa daga tukwane daga Cumae .  Iphito an san shi ne kawai daga rubuce-rubuce.  Xanthippe an san shi ne daga tukwane mai launin ja . 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin sunayen valkyrie

## Manazarta
Xin Lu

**Xin Lu** FRS farfesa ne a fannin ilmin cutar kansa kuma Darakta na Cibiyar Ludwig don Binciken Ciwon daji a Jami'ar Oxford .  An san ta da binciken da ta yi game da dangin ASPP na sunadarai.

## Ilimi
Xin Lu ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin ilmin sunadarai a Jami'ar Sichuan a shekarar 1982 da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin Cell da Molecular Biology a Cibiyar Ciwon daji, Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Peking Union & Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Sin a shekarar 1985. Ta koma Kwalejin Jami'ar London (UCL)   don kammala karatunta na PhD wanda Birgit Lane ke kula da shi,  kuma ta buga rubutunta A study of intermediate filament formation using retrovirus-mediated gene transfer in 1991.

## Bincike da aiki
A shekara ta 1993, bayan wani ɗan gajeren postdoc tare da David Lane a Jami'ar Dundee, ta shiga Cibiyar Ludwig don Binciken Ciwon daji (LICR) , wanda ke zaune a asibitin St Mary, Kwalejin Imperial ta London kuma ta kafa ƙungiyar bincikenta.[1] A shekara ta 2004 an nada Lu a matsayin Darakta na Bincike a Cibiyar Ludwig don Binciken Ciwon daji ta London, kuma Farfesa na Ilimin Ciwon daji a Kwalejin Jami'ar London. A shekara ta 2007 ta koma cibiyar zuwa Oxford.[2][3]

## Daraja da kyaututtuka

* Fellow na Royal Society (2020) 
* Fellow na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kiwon Lafiya (2013) 
* memba na Academia Europaea (2022) 
* memba na Ƙungiyar Kwayoyin Kwayoyin Turai (2011) 
* Fellow na Royal Society of Biology (2011-2022) 
* Fellow na Royal College of Pathologists (2007-2022)  

## Manazarta
Trudy Mackay

**Trudy Frances Charlene Mackay** FRS (an haife ta 10 Satumba 1952)  ita ce darakta na Cibiyar Nazarin Halitta ta Jami'ar Clemson  da ke harabar Cibiyar Nazaren Halitta Greenwood .  An san ta a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan hukumomi na duniya a kan kwayoyin halittar halaye masu rikitarwa. Mackay kuma ita ce Shugaban Iyali na Kai a cikin Halitta na Dan Adam kuma Farfesa a cikin Hlutta da Biochemistry  a Jami'ar Clemson. 

Mackay memba ne na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa (2010). 

Mackay ta kasance tsohuwar William Neal Reynolds da Farfesa a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina,    inda ta ƙware a fannin ƙwayoyin halitta.    Ita ce ke da alhakin kafa Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel . 

## Ilimi
Mackay ya sami digiri na farko na Kimiyya a shekara ta 1974 da kuma digiri na biyu na Kimiyya na 1976 a fannin ilmin halitta daga Jami'ar Dalhousie .  Ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Edinburgh tare da PhD a cikin kwayoyin halitta wanda aka ba ta a 1979 don bincike wanda Alan Robertson ke kula da shi.

## Ayyuka da bincike
Binciken Mackay yana bincika abubuwan muhalli da kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke tasiri ga halaye masu yawa.[1] Wadannan halaye na phenotypic sun hada da tsawo ko nauyi kuma ana wakilta su da ci gaba, maimakon rarrabe, dabi'u.[1] Ana gudanar da aikinta ta hanyar nazarin tasirin bambance-bambance na halitta da maye gurbi a kan halaye da yawa, yanayin jiki, ilimin lissafi da tarihin rayuwa a cikin kwari, wanda take amfani da shi azaman kwayar halitta.[1]

Muhimmancin irin waɗannan halaye yana ba da damar yin amfani da aikin Mackay a wurare da yawa - daga inganta kiwon shuke-shuke da Kiwon dabbobi zuwa maganin cututtukan ɗan adam. Mackay shine marubuci tare da Douglas Scott Falconer na bugu na huɗu na littafin da aka yi amfani da shi sosai kuma an ambaci shi sosai, Gabatarwa ga Quantitative Genetics, wanda aka buga a 1996.

### Kyaututtuka da girmamawa
An zabi Mackay a matsayin Fellow na Royal Society (FRS) a shekara ta 2006.  An ba ta lambar yabo ta Genetics Society of America a shekara ta 2004  da kuma lambar yabo ta Wolf a fannin Aikin Gona a shekara ta 2016.  An zabe ta a cikin American Philosophical Society a shekarar 2021. Ta kasance mai karɓar Kyautar Dawson ta Kwalejin Triniti a cikin Genetics a cikin 2018. An zabe ta Fellow na Ƙungiyar Amirka don Ci gaban Kimiyya a shekara ta 2003.  Ta zama memba na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a shekara ta 2005. An zabi Mackay a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa a 2024,  kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta Darwin-Wallace a 2025. 

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Mackay ya auri Robert R. H. Anholt a shekarar 1990.

## Manazarta
Ruth Lynden-Bell

**Ruth Marion Lynden-Bell**, FRS  (an haife ta a ranar 7 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1937) masanin kimiyyar Burtaniya ce, farfesa mai daraja a Jami'ar Sarauniya ta Belfast da Jami'ar Cambridge, kuma mukaddashin Shugaban Kwalejin Murray Edwards, Cambridge daga shekara ta 2011 zuwa shekara ta 2013. 

Ruth Lynden-Bell ta fara karatunta a makarantar sakandare ta King Edward VI don 'yan mata, Birmingham . Daga baya ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Newnham, Cambridge (BA 1959, PhD 1962) kuma ta yi karatu karkashin Norman Sheppard . Ta yi karatu a takaice a karkashin jagorancin Harden M. McConnell a Cibiyar Fasaha ta California a 1961. [1] Daga nan sai ta zama malami a fannin ilmin sunadarai a Jami'ar Sussex a shekarar 1965, kuma ta koma Cambridge a shekarar 1972.[2]

A shekara ta 1995, ta koma Jami'ar Sarauniya ta Belfast a matsayin co-kafa kungiyar Atomistic Simulation Group (yanzu Cibiyar Atomistic). An zabe ta a cikin Royal Society a shekara ta 2006  kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta Leverhulme Emeritus Fellowship a shekara ta 2003. 

## Bincike
Lynden-Bell yayi bincike[3] simulation na atomatik don bincika kaddarorin ruwa. Ita 'yar Emerita Fellow ce ta New Hall, Cambridge (yanzu Kwalejin Murray Edwards, Cambridge), kuma ta kasance Mataimakiyar Kwalejin Newnham, Cambridge . Ta kasance mukaddashin Shugabar Kwalejin Murray Edwards daga Janairu zuwa Disamba 2012. Ta yi aiki a kan allon edita na Journal of Chemical Physics, Chemical Physica Letters and Science kuma ta kasance edita na Molecular Physics daga 1998 zuwa 2003, tare da kasancewa memba na Kwamitin Zabe zuwa matsayi na Farfesa a Sweden, Jamhuriyar Ireland, da Jami'o'in Oxford da Cambridge. Ta kasance Farfesa a Makarantar Lissafi da Physics a Sarauniya kuma har yanzu tana aiki tare a kan bincike.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Ita 'yar David ce da Priscilla Truscott . Priscilla 'yar'uwar Francis Skinner ce. Lynden-Bell ta auri masanin taurari Donald Lynden'Bell a 1961, sannan mai bincike a Caltech; ta bi shi a California, sannan ta koma tare da shi zuwa Cambridge a 1962, zuwa Sussex a 1964, sannan ta koma Cambridge a 1972. Suna da ɗa ɗaya da 'yar ɗaya.

Ruth Lynden-Bell ta haifi ɗanta na farko yayin da take Jami'ar Sussex tana koyarwa a matsayi na rabin lokaci. Ta gano cewa kasancewa mai gwajin kimiyyar spectroscopic ya dace da tsammanin ta a matsayin uwa. Shawararta ga mata a fagen ita ce: 1. ) "kada ku ji tsoron neman abubuwa kamar aikin ɗan lokaci. Baya ga aikin Belfast, duk wani aiki da na samu ta hanyar neman shi", da kuma 2. ) "lokacin da dama ta taso ta dauki su, ya cancanci gwadawa. "  Ban taɓa tunanin zuwa Belfast ba".

Rayuwar sana'a da rayuwar sirri ta Lynden-Bell an nuna ta a cikin littafin Royal Society of Chemistry Parent Carer Scientist . 

## Kyaututtuka
Ta sami digiri na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Sarauniya ta Belfast a shekara ta 2009  kuma an zabe ta Fellow na Royal Society a shekara ta 2006. 

## Manazarta
Hawo Hassan Mohamed

**Hawo Hassan Mohamed** 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Somaliya. Ta fito daga ƙabilar Hadamo ta Rahanweyn. Ita ce tsohuwar Ministar Lafiya da Kula da Jama'a ta ƙasar Somaliya, bayan tsohon Firayim Minista Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke ya naɗa ta a matsayin Ministar Lafiya da Kula da Jama'a a ranar 27 ga watan Janairu, 2015.  Daga baya aka kori Hawo Hassan Mohamed daga muƙamin ta na Ministar Lafiya da Kula da Jama'a ta tsohon Firayim Minista Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke, aka maye gurbinta da Mohamed Haji AbdiNur a ranar 24 ga watan Yuni, 2016. 

## Manazarta
Anna Bielke

**Anna Eriksdotter Bielke** (1490 - 1525) ta kasance fitacciyar 'yar ƙasar Sweden, kwamanda a birnin da kuma gidan Kalmar a lokacin tawayen da Sweden ta yi wa Denmark . 

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Anna ga mai kula da majalisa mai daraja Erik Turesson (Bielke)  da Gunilla Johansdotter Bese; daga cikin 'yan uwanta akwai riksråd da gwamna Axel Eriksson (Bielque), riksråd Ture Eriksson "Bielke" da kuma Barbro Eriksdotter (Bieleke). A shekara ta 1514 ta auri mai daraja kuma riksråd Johan Månsson (Natt och Dag) (1470-1520), kwamandan kuma gwamnan Kalmar 1510-1520.

Bayan rasuwar mijinta a tsakiyar tawaye da Denmark a cikin 1520, ta mallaki yankunansa kuma ta kare Kalmar daga Denmark. Wannan irin wannan kwarewa ce kamar ta mahaifiyarta, wacce a matsayin gwauruwa ta kare Vyborg Castle daga Rasha. Lokacin da aka saki danginta Gustav Vasa daga bauta wa Danish kuma ya koma Sweden don shiga cikin juriya da mulkin Danish, sai ya juya zuwa gare ta da farko don taimako a cikin gwagwarmaya. Ta karbe shi da alheri amma ba ta yi tunanin zai yiwu a ba shi taimako ba, yayin da rundunar Søren Norby ke barazana ga birnin, kuma halin da ke cikin birnin ya kasance mai goyon bayan Danish. Bayan yunkurin Vasa na shawo kan mutane su yi wa kansu makamai a kan Danish an sadu da shi da farko ta hanyar rashin kulawa sannan kuma ta hanyar ƙiyayya an tilasta masa barin birnin. Ba da daɗewa ba, an tilasta Anna ta mika birnin ga Denmark. Ba a san ainihin ranar da ta mika wuya ba, amma tsakanin Agusta da 6 ga Satumba 1520.

Anna daga baya ta yi alkawari da Henrik von Melen, ɗan'uwan Berend von Melen kwamandan Kalmar a cikin 1523-24 kuma tana da alaƙa da sarki ta hanyar auren dan uwansa Margareta von Melen . Sarki Gustav ya zarge shi da makirci, an hana shi gwamna na aikin soja daga ɗan'uwan Anna Nils Eriksson bisa umarnin sarki. Ta dakatar da alkawarinta bisa buƙatar Sarki Gustav a cikin 1524 ko 1525.

## A cikin almara
An nuna Anna Eriksdotter (Bielke) a cikin wasan kwaikwayo *Gustav Vasa* na Gustav III na Sweden, wanda Royal Swedish opera ya yi a 1786, tare da Lovisa Augusti tana wasa da Anna.

## Manazarta

* Gustaf Elgenstierna (a cikin Yaren mutanen Sweden): Den introducerade adelns ättartavlor (Table of the gabatar nobility) 
* Svensk uppslagsbok. Malmö 1939
* Erik Turesson (Bielke), urn:sbl:18162, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art av G. Carlsson.), kwata 2014-07-14
Raisa Azar

**Raḯsa Mojséïvna Azárh** ko **Raisa Moyseyevna Azarkh** (2 ga Mayu 1897 &#x2013; 9 ga Nuwamba 1971) fitaccen likita ne na Tarayyar Soviet, kuma marubuciya, marubuciya kuma mai rubuta tarihin rayuwa.

Ta shiga cikin Juyin Juya Halin Oktoba da Yaƙin basasar Rasha . Ta sauya a matsayin mai kula da kiwon lafiya da kuma kwamishinan siyasa a Gabas ta Tsakiya, Ukrainian da Volga Fronts a cikin shekarun 1918-20. Tana da alhakin shirya filin da asibiti a Vyatka, Kyiv, Omsk da Krasnoyarsk. A matsayinta na kwamishinan Vyatka Special Division, ta jagoranci yakin da aka yi da Whites a cikin kwarin Kama a shekarar 1918. [1]

An tura Azarkh zuwa Ukraine a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1918. Yayinda take gudanar da ayyukanta na kiwon lafiya daga motar dogo, ta kuma ga aiki a kan sojojin Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Ukraine, Nykyfor Hryhoriv da Anton Denikin . Ta sake komawa a watan Yulin 1919 zuwa Siberia da Gabas ta Tsakiya, inda ta zauna har zuwa kaka na 1920. 

Azarkh ya yi aiki a matsayin kwamishinan soja na 1st Special Vyatka Division, shugaban Hukumar Kula da Lafiya ta Soja ta Ukraine, shugaban Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya a Sojoji na 5, kuma shugaban Hukumar Kulawa ta Jamhuriyar Gabas ta Tsakiya. Don nuna godiya ga hidimar da ta yi, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Order of the Red Banner kuma daga baya a kan Order of Lenin .

Azarkh daga baya ya ba da kansa a matsayin wani ɓangare na Brigades na Duniya a cikin Yaƙin basasar Spain a 1936, yana shirya rundunar likitancin Sojojin Jamhuriyar Spain tare da Dokta Norman Bethune . Ta sami Order of the Red Star a shekara ta 1937.  Ta rubuta game da abubuwan da ta samu a cikin yakin basasar Rasha da Spain a cikin wani labari mai suna *Doroga Chesti* ("The Path of Honour").

Azarkh ya kuma ga aiki a Finland a 1940 kuma daga baya a kudu maso yammacin gaba a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu . 

An haifi Azarkh a Yekaterinoslav, a garin da ake kira Shcherbinovka (yanzu Toretsk a Ukraine),  kuma ya yi karatu a Cibiyar Red Professors . Ta mutu a Moscow.

## Bayanan littattafai

* Borba prodolzhaetsia: povest (The Struggle Continues: A Narrative, 1937) 
* *Doroga Chesti* (Hanyar Daraja, 1959) 
* *U velikikh istokov* (A Babban Farawa, mai bugawa Voenizdat, 1967) 

## Manazarta
Nini Haslund Gleditsch

**Nini Haslund Gleditsch** (28 ga Yuni 1908 &#x2013; 25 ga Yuli 1996) ɗan gwagwarmayar siyasa ne na ƙasar Norway kuma mai fafutukar zaman lafiya .

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Nini (née Ingrid Margaret Haslund) an haife ta ne a Moss a matsayin 'yar mataimakin jami'in ilimi Johannes Emmanuel Haslund da Aagot Mathilde Løken . Ta auri ɗan'uwanta Mot Dag mai fafutuka kuma mai ilimin ƙasa Kristian Gleditsch a shekara ta 1934.  Su ne iyayen Nils Petter Gleditsch. Surukarta ita ce Ellen Gleditsch, masanin kimiyyar rediyo kuma farfesa mace ta biyu a Norway.

Nini Haslund Gleditsch ta mutu a Oslo a shekara ta 1996. 

## Ayyuka

### Ayyukan da suka gabata kafin yaƙin
A lokacin da take aiki a matsayin abokiyar aikinta a Copenhagen a ƙarshen shekarun 1920, ta kasance cikin ƙungiyar Clarté. [1] Ta ƙaura zuwa Oslo a matsayin ɗaliba a 1930. [1] A farkon shekarun 1930, ta shiga ƙungiyar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ta Mot Dag . [2] Ta yi aiki na cikakken lokaci tare da gidan buga littattafai na Fram Forlag, kuma ta ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban littafin tarihin ma'aikata na Arbeidernes Leksikon . [1] Ta shiga Yaƙin Basasa na Spain daga 1937 zuwa 1939, ta hanyar shirya agajin jin kai na ƙasa da ƙasa. [2] [3]

### Yaƙin Duniya na II
A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, ta shiga cikin jirgin Baitulmalin Kasa na Norway zuwa Ingila a 1940, a kan mataki tsakanin Åndalsnes da Tromsø .  Ita da mijinta suna da alhakin jigilar akwatuna biyu na "kayan aiki mai haske" (takardun banki) ta mota daga Åndalsnes zuwa Molde. An aika kashi ɗaya bisa uku na zinariya tare da jirgin *Ruwa* na Burtaniya HMS  daga Åndalsnes zuwa Ƙasar Ingila, yayin da manyan motoci 24 suka kawo sauran zuwa Molde. Nini ya bi jigilar motoci huɗu na zinariya ta jiragen ruwa daga Molde zuwa Tromsø, sashi na farko tare da jirgin ruwa na bakin teku SS Driva, kuma daga baya an rarraba tan goma na zinariya a kan ƙananan Jiragen kamun kifi. A lokacin sufuri, 'yan bam na Jamus sun kai hari kan Driva, amma sun sami nasarar tserewa daga bama-bamai. Daga nan ta yi aiki ga Minista Anders Frihagen a Ma'aikatar Ciniki a Tsarin Balsfjord . Lokacin da Terje Wold ya karɓi Ma'aikatar, Haslund Gleditsch ya fara aiki ga Trygve Lie a Ma'aikatu ta Sayarwa. Ta bi jirgin ruwa na Burtaniya  daga Tromsø zuwa Greenock a Scotland, tare da wani ɓangare na Gwamnatin Norway da dangin sarauta na Norway. Daga 1940 zuwa 1945, ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatariya tare da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje a gwamnatin Norway da ke gudun hijira a London.  

### Ayyukan bayan yaƙi
A shekarun 1950, lokacin da take uwar gida mai ƙananan yara, tana da himma a ƙungiyoyin mata, kuma ta yi haɗin gwiwa da mujallar *Kvinnen og Tiden* daga 1953 zuwa 1955. Tare da mijinta, ta rubuta littafin tarihin *Glimt fra kampårene*, wanda aka buga a 1954. Ta yi aiki da Statistics Norway ( Norwegian   ) daga 1960 zuwa 1978. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa kamfanin buga littattafai na siyasa Pax Forlag a 1964. A zamanin da ta tsufa, ta kasance mai himma a ƙungiyar yaƙi da makaman nukiliya Bestemødre mot atomvåpen (Kakannin uwaye a yaƙi da makaman nukiliya ). 

## Littattafan da aka zaɓa

*  (tare da Kristian Gleditsch)  
*  

## Manazarta
Nadifo Mohamed Osman

**Nadifo Mohamed Osman**  'yar siyasa ce ta Somaliya. Ta kasance Ministar Ayyukan Jama'a da Sake Gina Somaliya, bayan Firayim Minista Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed ya naɗa ta a ranar 17 ga watan Janairun 2014. 

## Ministar Ayyukan Jama'a da Sake Ginawa

### Alƙawari
A ranar 17 ga watan Janairun 2014, Firayim Minista Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed ya naɗa Osman a matsayin sabuwar Ministar Ayyukan Jama'a da Sake Ginawa na Somaliya.

### Haɗin gwiwar ƙasashen biyu tsakanin Somalia da Japan
A watan Maris na shekarar 2014, Osman da tawagar gwamnatin Somaliya, ciki har da Shugaba Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, Ministan Harkokin Waje da Haɗin Kan Ƙasashen Duniya Abdirahman Duale Beyle da Ministan Tsare-tsare Said Abdullahi Mohamed, sun yi ziyarar kwanaki huɗu a Tokyo, inda suka gana da Jakada Tatsushi Terada da sauran manyan jami'an gwamnatin Japan. Shugaba Mohamud da tawagarsa sun kuma yi shawarwari da Firayim Minista Shinzo Abe don tattauna ƙarfafa dangantakar ƙasashen biyu, da kuma horar da ƙwararrun masana kiwon dabbobi da noma na Somaliya.  Ziyarar ta ƙare da sanarwar da Firayim Ministan Japan Abe ya bayar cewa gwamnatinsa za ta samar da tallafin dala miliyan 40 don gyaran rundunar 'yan sandan Somaliya, ayyukan agaji, da kuma damar samar da ayyukan yi. Mohamud ya yaba wa gwamnatin Japan saboda ƙarfafa tallafin da take bai wa ƙasashen biyu, kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa shirye-shiryen ci gaba za su mayar da hankali kan horar da matasa da mata sana'o'i, horar da jiragen ruwa da kamun kifi, haɓaka kamun kifi da kayayyakin more rayuwa na noma, da kuma tallafin sadarwa da fasahar bayanai.

## Manazarta
Sahra Mohamed Ali Samatar

**Sahra Mohamed Ali Samatar**, wacce aka fi sani da **Sahra Ali Samatar**  'yar siyasa ce ta Somaliya. Ita ce tsohuwar Ministar Mata da 'Yancin Ɗan Adam ta Somaliya, wacce tsohon Firayim Minista Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke ya naɗa a matsayin a ranar 27 ga watan Janairun 2015. A lokacin mulkinta, ta gabatar da dokar hana yi wa mata kaciya a duk faɗin ƙasar kuma ta yi aiki kan daidaiton haƙƙoƙi ga maza da mata a cikin Somaliya.

## Aikin siyasa
An naɗa Sahra Mohamed Ali Samatar a cikin majalisar ministocin Firayim Minista Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke a matsayin Ministar Mata da 'Yancin Ɗan Adam a ranar 27 ga watan Janairun 2015. Tana cikin sauye-sauye 20 da Sharmarke ya yi wa majalisar ministocin, waɗanda suka haɗa da ministoci da dama da suka fara aiki ban da Samatar. 

Samatar ta sanar da aniyar gwamnati na haramta yi wa mata kaciya a duk faɗin ƙasar a watan Agusta na 2015. Ta ce "Lokaci ya yi da za mu kawar da wannan mummunar ɗabi'a da kuma kare hakkokin 'yan mata da mata a ƙasar mu, kowane mutum yana da 'yancin kare lafiyar jiki kuma ba za a iya keta shi ba. Kaciyar mata al'ada ce ta zalunci da wulakanci kuma tana kama da azabtarwa. An haramta yi wa 'yan mata kaciya." Wannan sauyi ya biyo bayan haramcin da aka yi wa yankin Puntland a shekarar 2014. 

Ta halarci wani taron bikin Ranar Mata a Mogadishu a watan Maris na shekarar 2015.  A watan Yuli, Samatar ta yi Allah wadai da jita-jitar da ke tattare da sabuwar dokar jinsi wacce ta nemi a bai wa maza da mata 'yanci daidai gwargwado, bayan da aka yaɗa jita-jitar cewa tana halatta auren jinsi ɗaya  saɓanin dokar Musulunci, inda ta kira ikirarin "farfaganda da rahoto mara tushe".

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Samatar 'yar ƙabilar Tumal ce.  Ita 'yar Mohammad Ali Samatar ce, tsohon Firayim Minista kuma Mataimakin Shugaban ƙasar Somaliya, wanda ke da hannu a juyin mulkin soja na Siad Barre a shekarar 1969.

## Manazarta
Sindisiwe Chikunga

**Sindisiwe Lydia Chikunga** ( née **Gcaba**; an haife ta a ranar 9 ga watan Nuwamba 1958) 'yar siyasa ce ta Afirka ta Kudu wacce ke aiki a matsayin Minista a Fadar Shugabancin Mata, Matasa da Mutane Masu Naƙasa  tun daga shekarar 2024. Ta kasance 'yar Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu tun daga shekarar 2004. Chikunga ta taɓa yin aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Ministan Sufuri sau biyu, daga shekarun 2012 zuwa 2019 da kuma daga shekarun 2021 zuwa 2023, a matsayin Mataimakiyar Ministan Ayyukan Jama'a da Gudanarwa daga shekarun 2019 zuwa 2021, da kuma a matsayin Ministar Sufuri daga shekarun 2023 zuwa 2024. Ita ungozoma ce ta sana'a.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Chikunga a Muden a yankin KwaZulu-Natal na yanzu. Mahaifinta fasto ne na cocin Lutheran Rev Lucas Gcaba. A lokacin yarinta, iyalanta kan yi ƙaura tsakanin garuruwa, daga Muden zuwa Greytown sannan kuma zuwa Kopleegte inda ta yi makarantar firamare. 

Tana da digirin farko a fannin fasaha da digirin girmamawa a fannin Curationis daga Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu da kuma digirin Master of Arts a fannin Curationis daga Jami'ar Pretoria. Daga Kwalejin Jinya ta Edendale, ta sami digirin Diploma a fannin Ungozoma da kuma difloma a fannin Kimiyyar Jinya. A lokacin da aka naɗa ta a matsayin Ministar Sufuri a watan Maris na shekarar 2023, tana karatun digirin Masters a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu.  Chikunga ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a Mpumalanga. 

## Aikin siyasa
Chikunga ta zama memba na ƙungiyar matasa ta DCO Makiwane a shekarun 1980. Ta kuma riƙe muƙamai na shugabanci a taron ƙasa na Afirka da ke Mpumalanga; ta kasance *tsohuwar* memba a kwamitin zartarwa na yankin Gert Sibande na ANC (REC) kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin shugaba da mataimakiyar shugabar yankin.  Chikunga ta kasance *tsohuwar* memba a kwamitin zartarwa na yankin na ƙungiyar mata ta majalisar dokoki ta Afirka. Ita tsohuwar memba ce a kwamitin zartarwa na lardin ANC a Mpumalanga. 

Chikunga ta zama 'yar majalisa a jam'iyyar ANC a shekarar 2004. A lokacin da take 'yar majalisar ANC, ta yi aiki a Kwamitin Ayyukan Gyaran Gidaje, Kwamitin Tsarin Kasafin Kuɗi na Haɗin Gwiwa, Kwamitin Tsarin Gidaje, Kwamitin Babbar Mai Binciken Kuɗi da kuma Kwamitin Tsaro na Haɗin Gwiwa.  Daga shekarun 2009 zuwa 2012, Chikunga ita ce shugabar Kwamitin Tsarin 'Yan Sanda wanda ta saba yin karo da Kwamishinan 'Yan Sandan Ƙasa Bheki Cele. 

## Manazarta
Barbara Creecy

**Barbara Dallas Creecy** (an haife ta a ranar 17 ga watan Yuni 1958) 'yar siyasa ce ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma tsohuwar mai fafutukar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata wacce ta kasance Ministar Sufuri tun watan Yulin 2024. Ta taɓa zama Ministar Muhalli, Dazuzzuka da Kamun Kifi tsakanin shekarun 2019 da 2024. Ita mamba ce a Kwamitin Zartarwa na Ƙasa da Kwamitin Aiki na Ƙasa na Majalisar Dokokin Afirka (ANC).

An haife ta a Johannesburg, Creecy ta shiga ANC a shekarar 1979 kuma ta kasance mai himma a cikin Jam'iyyar United Democratic Front. Tsakanin shekarun 1994 da 2019, ta yi aiki a Majalisar Dokoki ta Gundumar Gauteng akai-akai, kuma ta kasance memba a Majalisar Zartarwa ta Gauteng daga shekarun 2004 zuwa 2019, ta yi aiki a matsayin Memba a Majalisar Zartarwa ta Wasanni, Nishaɗi, Fasaha da Al'adu (2004 zuwa 2009), na Ilimi (2009 zuwa 2014), da kuma na Kuɗi (2014 zuwa 2019). Ta shiga Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa ta Afirka ta Kudu a babban zaɓen watan Mayu na shekara ta 2019, daga baya Shugaba Cyril Ramaphosa ya naɗa ta a matsayin minista.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haife ta a ranar 17 ga watan Yuni, 1958, **** Creecy ta girma a Johannesburg.  Mahaifinta, akawunta mai hayar da aka haifa wanda ya girma a Burtaniya, ya mutu yana da shekaru takwas.   Ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis kuma mai adawa da zaman lafiya a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu; mahaifiyarta, 'yar wasu masu fafutukar kwadago biyu, ita ma tana da ci gaba a siyasance. 

Bayan kammala karatun digiri a Makarantar Roedean da ke Parktown, Johannesburg, Creecy ta halarci Jami'ar Witwatersrand bisa tallafin karatu, inda ta yi rajista a shekarar 1976.   Ta kammala karatun digiri na girmamawa a fannin kimiyyar siyasa, sannan daga baya ta kammala digiri na biyu a fannin manufofin jama'a da gudanarwa a Jami'ar Landan. 

## Masu fafutukar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata
Creecy ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata a matsayin ɗalibiyar siyasa, kuma ta shiga ƙungiyar African National Congress (ANC) da aka haramta a shekararta ta ƙarshe a jami'a, 1979, bayan halartar wani taro a Jami'ar Roma da ke Lesotho.  Ta ƙara shiga cikin fafutuka yayin da take aiki tare da lauya mai kare haƙƙin ɗan adam Priscilla Jana, kuma ta kasance memba ta farko a ƙungiyar United Democratic Front (UDF) a shekarar 1983. 

Bayan haka ta yi aiki da UDF da farko a matsayin memba na Civic Desk sannan kuma a matsayin ma'aikaciyar wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta wacce ke ba da horo da tallafin ci gaban ƙungiyoyi ga ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago da ƙungiyoyin jama'a; tana da hannu sosai a cikin kawancen da ke tsakanin UDF da Majalisar Ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago ta Afirka ta Kudu a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Mass Democratic Movement.   Ta kuma yi aiki da ANC a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, tana ba da rahoto ga injinanta a Botswana. An yi mata ƙaura na ɗan lokaci a shekarar 1988 kuma ta yi watanni biyu a Tarayyar Soviet. 

## Manazarta
Elizabeth Acuei Yol

**Elizabeth Acuei Yol** 'yar siyasa ce ta Kudancin Sudan, wacce Shugaba Salva Kiir Mayardit ya naɗa a matsayin ministar lafiya a shekarar 2020. 

## Aiki
A shekarar 2020, Acuei ta gana da wata tawagar kwararrun likitoci ta ƙasar Sin a Sudan ta Kudu kuma ta sami sabbin gudummawar likitoci a wani muhimmin lokaci a yakin da ake yi da cutar COVID-19 a duniya.  A wannan shekarar, ta hannun Hukumar Ba da Takaddun Shaida ta Yankin Afirka don Kawar da Cutar Poliomyelitis (ARCC), ta ayyana Sudan ta Kudu a matsayin wacce ba ta da kwayar cutar Polio. 

Olushayo Olu, wakilin Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya a Sudan ta Kudu, ya ziyarci Acuei a ranar 27 ga watan Afrilu, 2020. 

A watan Maris na shekarar 2022, Mayardit  ya cire ta daga muƙaminta sannan aka maye gurbinta da Awel Deng, ɗan majalisa mai wakiltar SPLA-IO a majalisar zaman lafiya. 

## Takaddama
A matsayinta na Ministar Lafiya, Acuei ta dakatar da mataimakiyar sakatare Victoria Anib sannan ta maye gurbinta da Samson Paul Baba ba tare da bayyana binciken ko dalili ba. 

Bayan watanni uku, Acuei ta janye dakatarwar bayan da Mayardit da Mataimakin Shugaban Ƙasa na Farko Riek Machar suka nemi ta sulhunta da Anib. 

## Manazarta
Yolanda Wel Deng

Yolanda Awel Deng 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Sudan ta Kudu wacce ta taɓa zama ministar lafiya, a majalisar riƙon ƙwarya ta gwamnatin riƙon ƙwarya ta Sudan ta Kudu daga shekarun 2022   zuwa 2025.

Ta fito daga jihar Warrap ta yankin Barhr El Ghazel.

## Ilimi
Yolanda Awel ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam daga Jami'ar Saskatchewan sannan daga baya ta kammala digiri na biyu a fannin nazarin rikice-rikice da gudanarwa daga Jami'ar Royal Road da ke Kanada. 

## Alƙawari

Shugaba Salva Kiir ya naɗa ta a matsayin Ministar Lafiya ta Ƙasa ta Sudan ta Kudu a watan Maris na shekara ta 2022 ta hannun ƙungiyar adawa ta SPLM-IO ta Kudancin Sudan, wacce ta maye gurbin Elizabeth Achuei. 

Yolanda Awel Deng ta auri Agel Ring Machar, tsohon Sakataren Yaɗa Labarai a ofishin Mataimakin Shugaban Ƙasa na Farko na wancan lokacin, Taban Deng Gai, a shekarar 2011.  Ita uwa ce mai 'ya'ya huɗu: maza biyu da mata biyu.

An kore ta daga aiki a ranar 11 ga watan Fabrairu, 2025.

## Manazarta
Nadia Arop Dudi

**Nadia Arop Dudi Mayom** (an haife ta a ranar 1 ga watan Janairu 1971) 'yar siyasa ce ta Kudancin Sudan wacce ta yi aiki a Majalisar Dokokin Kasa ta Kudancin Sudan tun daga shekarar 2011, tana wakiltar Gundumar Koch a matsayin memba na Ƙungiyar 'Yantar da Jama'ar Sudan. Dudi tana ɗaya daga cikin mutane biyu na Padang da ke aiki a muƙaman minista, tare da Simon Mijok Majak.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Dudi a ranar 1 ga watan Janairu, 1971 a garin Bentiu, Western Upper Nile, Sudan. Ta kammala karatun digiri daga Jami'ar Bahr El-Ghazal a shekarar 2009 da digiri a fannin kimiyyar dabbobi, kuma a halin yanzu tana karatun digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Juba, tana neman digiri na biyu a fannin fasaha. 

A shekarar 2005, an zaɓi Dudi a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa ta Sudan, inda ta yi aiki har zuwa shekara ta 2010. A wannan shekarar, an zaɓe ta a Majalisar Dokoki ta Kudancin Sudan mai cin gashin kanta, inda ta yi aiki har zuwa shekara ta 2011. Dudi ta wakilci Gundumar Koch a matsayin memba na SPLM a majalisun biyu. Daga shekarun 2005 zuwa 2007, Dudi ita ce shugabar SPLM ta Jihar Unity. 

Dudi ta yi aiki a Majalisar Dokokin Kasa ta Sudan ta Kudu tun daga shekarar 2011, bayan babban zaɓen Sudan ta Kudu na 2010 da kuma zaɓen raba gardama na 'yancin kai na Sudan ta Kudu na shekarar 2011. A watan Yulin 2011, Salva Kiir Mayardit, shugaban Sudan ta Kudu, ya naɗa Dudi a matsayin mataimakiyar ministan Noma da Dazuzzuka, Yawon Buɗe Ido, Albarkatun Dabbobi, da Ƙungiyoyin Haɗaka da Ci Gaban Karkara;  za ta riƙe waɗannan muƙamai har zuwa watan Yunin 2013.  Daga watan Agusta na shekarar 2013 zuwa watan Maris na shekarar 2020, ta kasance ministar Al'adu, Matasa da Wasanni.  A wannan lokacin, ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin ministar Jinsi, Yara da Jin Daɗin Jama'a a shekarar 2018.  Tun daga watan Maris na shekarar 2020, ta kasance ministar Al'adu, Gidajen Tarihi da Gado na Ƙasa. 

A lokacin da take ministar al'adu, Sudan ta Kudu ta amince da jerin yarjejeniyoyi na UNESCO, kuma ta taimaka wajen jagorantar wani shiri na wayar da kan jama'a da ke nuna takardu da aka adana daga Taskar Tarihi ta Ƙasa ta Sudan ta Kudu.   A shekarar 2016, Dudi tana ɗaya daga cikin jami'an gwamnati 60 da ake zargi da hannu a cikin badaƙalar Bankin Sudan ta Kudu, inda aka samu fam miliyan 443 a ciki.&nbsp;An yi amfani da SSP na kuɗaɗen da aka ware wa Kwamitin Gudanar da Rikicin don biyan 'yan siyasa da kamfanoni daban-daban. 

Dudi memba ce a hukumar SPLM Politburo kuma memba ce da ta kafa Majalisar Kula da Dabbobin Kudancin Sudan. Tana da aure da Ambasada William Daud Riek Totor. Suna da 'ya'ya biyu. 

## Manazarta
Manuela Malasaña

**Manuela Malasaña Oñoro** (; Maris 10, 1791 - Mayu 2, 1808) yar asalin Spain ce da sojoji na Napoleon I na Faransa suka kashe a lokacin tashin hankali na biyu na Mayu a Madrid . Tashin hankali ya kasance wani ɓangare na Yakin Independence na Spain .

Ita 'yar wani mai yin burodi na Faransa ne mai suna Jean Malesange, wanda aka fi sani da "Malasaña", da matarsa Marcela Oñoro . Ta kasance mai sutura kuma tana zaune a bene na huɗu na titin San Andres na 18, a cikin unguwar da aka sani da Maravillas (yanzu an fi sani da Malasaña).

A ranar 2 ga Mayu, 1808, Manuela tana da shekaru 17 kawai. Labarin mutuwarta ya ce ta yi yaƙi da Faransanci, tana aiki don kare Batirin Artillery a Monteleón, karkashin jagorancin Luis Daoíz da Torres da Pedro Velarde da Santillán. An yi zargin mahaifinta ya harbe Faransanci daga balcony na gidanta kuma ta ba shi bindiga da harsashi har sai da ta mutu lokacin da harsashin ya buge ta. Koyaya, masanin Carlos Cambronero ya gano takardar shaidar mutuwar Jean Malasgne, yana tabbatar da cewa ya mutu kafin tashin hankali ya faru.

Yana yiwuwa, ko da yake ba tabbatacce ba, cewa Manuela Malasaña ta yi yaƙi a wurin shakatawa na Monteleón, kamar yadda aka sani cewa wasu mata daga unguwar sun yi, amma abin da aka yarda da shi gaba ɗaya shi ne cewa za ta kasance a ɓoye daga fada a cikin bita inda ta yi aiki, bisa umarnin mai bita. Lokacin da harbi ya tsaya, sai ta koma gida.

Ta kasance tana da takalma biyu kuma sojojin Faransa, a ƙarƙashin ikon dokar Martial wanda ke wurin a lokacin, sun zarge ta da ɗaukar "makami" kuma nan da nan ta aiwatar da kisan kai ta hanyar harbe ta. A cewar wani juyi Manuela Malasaña ta haɗu da sojojin Faransa waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙari su taɓa ta kuma cutar da ita. Ta yi musu barazanar da takalma guda biyu, saboda tsoron cin zarafin jima'i ko mafi muni. Sojojin Faransa sun harbe ta. Manuela ta mutu sa'o'i 18 bayan tashin hankali a Plaza del Dos de Mayo na yanzu.

An yi rajistar jikinta a ƙarƙashin lamba 74 a cikin jerin wadanda aka kashe 409 a wannan rana, ana adana takardun a cikin Sojoji da Tarihin Municipal na Madrid. An binne ta a asibitin Buena Dicha, (a yau Ikilisiyar Buena Dicha a titin Silva) wanda aka kafa a shekara ta 1594 kuma gida ne ga matalauta. Yawancin wadanda suka ji rauni a tawaye na 2 ga Mayu an kula da su a wannan asibiti, kuma an binne yawancin wadanda suka mutu a can.

Hotonta yana cikin Hall of Heroines na Gidan Tarihin Sojoji kuma aikin José Luis Villar da Rodriguez de Castro ne.

Manuela ta zama sananniya a unguwarta saboda ƙuruciyarta da kyakkyawa, kuma mutuwa da ƙuruciya kuma ta ba da ranta ga hanyar 'yanci ya sa ta zama babban labari da jarumi a tsakanin mutanen Madrid. Birnin Madrid ya sadaukar da ita ga ƙwaƙwalwarta titin da ke ɗauke da sunanta a tsohuwar unguwar Maravillas, wanda ya haye titin San Andres kusa da inda take zaune. Ta hanyar fadada, daga '80s, duk gundumar Maravillas ta zama sananne da unguwar Malasaña a Madrid. Garin Móstoles da ke kusa da shi ya kuma girmama ta da titi da tashar metro a kan layin 12 (MetroSur).

## Manazarta

*
Karin Lannby

**Karin Tekla Maria Lannby** (13 April 1916 – 19 November 2007), credited in French films and publications as **Maria Cyliakus**, was a Swedish actress, translator, journalist, poet and spy. She served as a spy for the leftists during the Spanish Civil War, and for Sweden in Stockholm during World War II.

## Tarihin rayuwa
'Yar ɗan jarida Gunnar Lannby da Lilly Lannby, shugaban hukumar Sweden na kamfanin fina-finai na Amurka Metro Goldwyn Mayer. Ta hanyar mahaifiyarta, Lilly, Karin ta kasance cikin babban al'umma na Stockholm. A matsayinsa na dalibi a cikin shekarun 1930, Karin, kasancewar mai adawa da Fascist, ya shiga cikin 'yan Kwaminisanci na Sweden. A lokacin yakin basasar Mutanen Espanya, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai fassara da sakatariya a wani asibiti a Valencia . [1] Ta tuntubi Comintern a Barcelona, wanda ya ba ta aiki don shiga cikin sojojin Francisco Franco a kudancin Faransa. Bayan ta kasa aikinta, an cire ta daga kwaminisanci kuma ta koma Sweden. Daga 1939 zuwa 1945, ta kasance wakili a hidimar jihar Sweden a lokacin yakin; a karkashin sunan lambar Annette, ta ba da rahoton abubuwan da ta lura daga al'adu da kuma diflomasiyya na rayuwar jam'iyyar Stockholm.[1] [ana buƙatar hujja] [ana buƙatar hujja]

Ta yi fim da yawa a lokacin yakin. A cikin 1940-41, tana da dangantaka da Ingmar Bergman; an ce ta kasance abin koyi ga halin Ruth Köhler a cikin fim din *Kvinna utan ansikte* (1947). Bayan yakin, Karin Lannby ta canza sunanta zuwa **Maria Cyliakus** kuma ta koma Faransa, inda ta kasance mai aiki a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, mai fassara da kuma ɗan jarida. 

## Dubi kuma

* Erika Wendt
* Jane Horney

## Ƙarin karantawa

* Anders Thunberg (a cikin Yaren mutanen Sweden): *Karin Lannby: Ingmar Bergmans Mata Hari* (Karin Lannby) (2009)  

## Manazarta
Fawziya Abikar Nur

**Fawziya Abikar Nur** ita ce Ministar Lafiya da Kula da Jama'a ta Tarayyar Somaliya tun daga watan Maris 2017. Tana da horo a fannin shari'a da lafiyar jama'a kuma a baya ta yi aiki a Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya. Ta kasance a matsayinta a lokacin ɓarkewar cutar COVID-19 a Somaliya da kuma isowar alluran riga-kafi na farko.

## Rayuwa
Ta yi karatun lauya a Jami'ar Ƙasa ta Somaliya kuma a watan Fabrairun 1985 ta kammala karatunta. Daga nan ta tafi Italiya inda ta kammala karatun digiri na shekaru biyu a fannin shari'a a Jami'ar Bologna. Ta zauna a Italiya ta kuma ci gaba da karatu a Istituto Superiore di Sanità da ke Rome inda ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Ayyukan Lafiya kafin ta kammala digiri na uku a Jami'ar Sapienza ta Rome a fannin lafiyar jama'a. 

Ta yi aiki a Jami'ar Ƙasa ta Somaliya a matsayin mataimakiyar malamar makaranta sannan daga baya ta yi aiki a shirye-shiryen horar da rage talauci a Sapienza da Istituto Superiore di Sanità. Daga shekarun 2012 zuwa 2016, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya a Somaliya. 

A ranar 21 ga watan Maris, 2017 ta zama Ministar Lafiya da Kula da Jama'a ta Tarayya ta Somaliya kuma ta shiga sabuwar majalisar ministocin Firayim Minista Hassan Ali Khaire.  Ma'aikatar Lafiya tana da hedikwata a Mogadishu. 

A shekarar 2018 ta yi magana game da nasarar da ƙasarta ta samu wajen yaƙi da cutar kwalara da polio. 

A watan Afrilun 2020, an samu rahoton mutuwar farko a annobar COVID-19 a Somaliya. Nur ta sanar da mutuwar wanda ya fara kamuwa da cutar, wani mutum mai shekaru 58. Mutum na biyu da ya mutu shi ne Khalifa Mumin Tohow, wanda ya kasance Ministan Shari'a na Jihar Hirshabelle ta Somaliya.  Ya dawo daga ziyara da ya kai Birtaniya. 

A ranar 8 ga watan Afrilu, 2021, adadin waɗanda suka mutu a hukumance sakamakon annobar COVID-19 ya kai 576. A ranar 11 ga watan Afrilu, 2021, ministan ya karɓi alluran rigakafin cutar coronavirus na farko daga ƙasar Sin.  Jakadan ƙasar Sin Qin Jian ne ya miƙa alluran rigakafin Sinopharm BIBP guda 200,000.  Bayan kwana goma, Somaliya ta sami alluran rigakafin Oxford-AstraZeneca guda 300,000 daga shirin COVAX;  Nur ta ce za a aika allurar rigakafin zuwa kowane yanki na Somaliya kuma za a bai wa ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya fifiko a lokacin shirin allurar rigakafin. 

A watan Afrilu ta kuma sanar da cewa Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya za ta jagoranci ci gaba a fannin samar da lafiyar kwakwalwa. Aikin yana mai da hankali kan matasan Somaliya waɗanda rikici ya shafa. Babu wani tanadi da aka yi wa lafiyar kwakwalwa a ƙasar da kashi biyu bisa uku na al'ummarta ba su kai shekaru talatin ba kuma da yawa sun fuskanci tashin hankali. 

## Manazarta
Juliana Larena da Fenollé

**Juliana Josefa Benita Larena Fenollé** (16 ga Fabrairu 1790, Ejea de los Caballeros, Spain - 1835, Zaragoza, Spain) wata ma'aikaciyar jinya ce ta Mutanen Espanya da ke da hannu a Sieges na Zaragoza a lokacin Yakin Peninsular . 

Larena ta koma Zaragoza, Spain tun tana ƙarama, kuma tana da shekaru 18 lokacin da Janar Lefebvre ya fara kewayewar sojojin Faransa na farko a birnin a cikin 1808. A lokacin kewaye na farko, ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya, tana kula da wadanda suka ji rauni a kan layin gaba. A lokacin kewaye na biyu shekara guda bayan haka, Larena ta taimaka wajen kare sansanin da ke Cathedral-Basilica na Our Lady of the Pillar, daya daga cikin wuraren da suka fi haɗari a lokacin kewaye.[1]

A ranar 30 ga Satumba 1808, Janar Palafox ya ba ta  (Spanish: el Escudo de Distinción) saboda jaruntakarta kuma ya ba ta fansho, wanda Sarki Ferdinand VII ya tabbatar a ranar 25 ga Oktoba 1814. 

Larena ta mutu daga kwalara a 1835, a Zaragoza . A ranar cika Shekara ɗari na kewaye na farko, an sake sunan titin a Zaragoza Calle Juliana Larena don girmama ta.

## Manazarta
Mariana Pineda

**Mariana de Pineda da Muñoz**, wanda aka fi sani da **Mariana Pineda**, (1 ga Satumba 1804 a Granada - 26 ga Mayu 1831 a Granada) jarumi ce mai sassaucin ra'ayi ta Mutanen Espanya. Mayu 26th, ranar tunawa da kisan ta, hutu ne na gida a birnin Granada .

## Tarihin rayuwa
Mariana Pineda 'yar Mariano de Pineda y Ramírez ce, kyaftin din jirgin ruwa na Granadan kuma jarumi na Order of Calatrava, da María de los Dolores Muñoz y Bueno, daga Lucena, wanda ya fi ƙanƙanta kuma yana da matsayi na zamantakewa. Saboda dalilan da ba a sani ba, ma'auratan ba su taɓa yin aure ba, amma sun zauna na ɗan lokaci a Seville, inda suke da 'yar da ta mutu jim kadan bayan haihuwa. Bayan sun koma Granada, inda suka zauna a gidaje daban-daban, suna da 'yar ta biyu, Mariana. Mahaifiyar da 'yar sun koma gidan Mariano Pineda na ɗan lokaci, har sai Pineda ya zargi María Dolores kuma biyun suka gudu. A ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 1805, an kama María Dolores kuma an tilasta masa mayar da 'yarta Mariana cikin kulawar mahaifinta.

Bayan mutuwar Pineda, Mariana Pineda ta shiga hannun daya daga cikin 'yan uwansa, sannan kuma ta shiga hannun José de Mesa da Úrsula de la Press, matasa masu dogaro da kawunta, wanda ta kasance a ƙarƙashin kulawar mafi yawan yarinta.

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1819, Mariana mai shekaru goma sha biyar ta auri Manuel Peralta Valte, wani jami'in soja mai sassaucin ra'ayi wanda ya girme ta da shekaru goma sha ɗaya. Watanni biyar bayan haka ta haifi ɗa, José María, kuma a shekara mai zuwa ta haifi 'yar, Úrsula María . A watan Agustan 1822, mijinta ya mutu, ya bar ta gwauruwa mai shekaru goma sha takwas tare da kananan yara biyu. 

A bayyane yake a cikin waɗannan shekaru uku na aurenta, wanda ya dace da Trienio Liberal, cewa Mariana ta shiga cikin hanyar sassaucin ra'ayi, kuma bayan maido da mulkin mallaka a ƙarƙashin Ferdinand VII a cikin 1823, ta yi maraba da masu sassaucin adawa a cikin gidanta. A cikin waɗannan da'irorin ta sadu da wani soja mai rikodin, Casimiro Brodett y Carbone . Ma'auratan sun so su yi aure, amma ba su iya ba, saboda an hana Brodett izinin soja saboda alakarsa mai sassaucin ra'ayi kuma an tilasta masa barin sojoji da Spain zuwa Cuba. Shekaru biyu masu zuwa, Mariana ta bar Granada, kuma babu wani rikodin abin da take yi ko kuma inda.

Bayan ta dawo Granada, a cikin 1828 Mariana ta taimaka wajen tserewa daga kurkuku ta hanyar sneaking riguna na friar don ɓoye shi. Fernando sanannen mai sassaucin ra'ayi ne wanda aka yanke masa hukuncin kisa saboda shiga cikin tayar da kayar baya na Janar Rafael Riego, da kuma dan uwan Mariana.

A cikin binciken gidanta a 1831, an gano tutar tare da taken "Daidaitawa, 'Yanci da Shari'a" kuma an kama Mariana kuma an zarge ta da makirci. Bayan yunkurin tserewa da ya gaza, an tsare ta a gidan ibada na Santa María Egipciaca a Granada. A lokacin shari'ar, alƙalin ya yi ƙoƙari ya rinjayi ta ta ci amanar abokan aikinta don musayar gafara, amma ta ki. An kashe Mariana a fili a ranar 26 ga Mayu. An ƙone tutar ta a gabanta.

A shekara ta 1856, an sake binne Pineda a cikin Cathedral na Granada, inda gawar ta ke kwance a ƙarƙashin dutse mai sauƙi tare da rubutun da ke biyowa:

## Manazarta