Joseph Nanven Garba

Manjo Janar **Joseph Nanven Garba** (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga watan Yulin shekara ta alif ɗari tara 1943 ya mutu a ranar 1 ga watan Yuni shekarar 2002) Dan Nijeriya ne kuma general ne, yayi difloma kuma dan siyyar, ne wanda yayi aiki a matsayin shugaban kasa na Majalisa a United Nations General Assembly daga shekarar 1989 zuwa shekara ta 1990.

## Rayuwar farko da aikin soja
An haife shi a Langtang, Nijeriya, Garba ya yi karatu a Sacred Heart School, Shendam daga shekarar 1952 zuwa shekarar 1957. Farkon aikinsa na soja ya fara ne a makarantar Nigerian Military School da ke Zariya a shekarar 1957, inda ya yi karatu har zuwa shekarar 1961. A shekarar 1961 ya shiga aikin sojan Najeriya sannan kuma aka tura shi makarantar Mons Officer Cadet School da ke Aldershot, a Ingila, kafin a ba shi mukamin hafsan sojoji a shekarar 1962. Garba ya tashi cikin sauri da sauri: daga cikin kwamandojin sa na soja da yawa  sun hada da kwamandan bataliya ta 44 a shekarar 1963, kwamandan kamfanin daga shekarar 1963 zuwa 1964, da kwamandan turmi a shekarar 1964. Ya halarci Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Indiya / Pakistan wato United Nations Military Observer Mission in India/Pakistan(UNIPOM) daga shekarar 1965 zuwa shekarar 1966  kafin a ba shi kwamandan Brigade of Guards  a shekarar 1968. Ya yi karatu a Staff College, Camberley dake, England, a shekarar 1973.

## Kasancewa cikin Juyin mulkin Najeriya na watan Yulin shekarar 1966
Garba, lokacin yana Kaftin tare da Jami'an Tsaron Tarayya a jihar Legas, yana daya daga cikin manyan jami'an asalin na arewacin Najeriya (da suka hada da Laftanar Kanar Murtala Muhammed, Manjo Theophilus Danjuma, Laftanar Muhammadu Buhari, Laftanar Ibrahim Babangida, Laftanar Ibrahim Bako, Laftanar ta biyu Sani Abacha daga cikinsu. wasu), wadanda suka shirya abin da ya zama sananne da Juyin mulkin Najeriya na shekarar 1966 saboda korafi suka ji kan gwamnatin Janar Aguiyi Ironsi wanda ya dakatar da juyin mulkin 15 ga watan Janairu, shekarar 1966.

## Kasancewa cikin juyin mulkin soja na 1975
Garba ya fara jan hankalin kasa ne a Najeriya lokacin da, a ranar 29 ga  watan Yulin, shekarar 1975, ya ba da sanarwar juyin mulkin da aka yi wa shugaban kasa, Janar Yakubu Gowon . Jawabin Garba, wanda aka watsa a Rediyon Najeriya, ya fara da bayani kamar haka:
 
Garba babban aminin Gowon ne. Juyin mulkin kananan sojoji ne suka jagoranta  wadanda ba suji dadin. ci gaban Janar Gowon ba,  wajen ciyar da kasar nan zuwa mulkin dimokradiyya ba, kuma ana jinjinawa rawar da Garba yake takawa a matsayin mai kutsawa tare da tabbatar da cewa juyin mulkin ba da jini a jika.  Daga baya Garba da Gowon sun sasanta har Gowon ya halarci jana’izar Garba a Langtang a shekarar 2002.

## Aikin diflomasiyya
Bayan juyin mulkin, Garba ya sauya sheka daga soja zuwa siyasa da diflomasiyya. A shekarar 1975 aka nada shi a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya (Kwamishinan Harkokin Wajen Tarayya) na Murtala Mohammed, kuma ya ci gaba da wannan aikin a karkashin Olusègun Obasanjọ bayan an kashe na farko a shekarar 1976. Garba shi ne shugaban tawagar Nijeriya zuwa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya daga shekarar 1975, har ya zuwa nada shi Shugaban Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a watan Janairun shekarar 1978. 

A shekarar 1978, yayin da Obasanjọ ke shirin mika mulkin Najeriya ga farar hula, an mayar da Garba matsayin Kwamandan Makarantar Kwalejin Tsaro ta Najeriya . Ya rike wannan mukamin har zuwa shekarar 1980, lokacin da ya tafi karatu a Kwalejin Tsaro ta Kasa da ke New Delhi, Indiya. Bayan wannan, Garba ya yi karatu a matsayin abokin aiki a Makarantar Kennedy ta Gwamnatin Jami'ar Harvard, inda ya samu digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Jama'a . 

Komawa ga rayuwar diflomasiyya, an nada Garba a matsayin Wakilin Dindindin a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a shekarar 1984, matsayin da ya ci gaba har zuwa shekarar 1989. A cikin shekarar 1989, an zabe shi Shugaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don taronta na arba'in da hudu . A lokacinsa, an amince da Yarjejeniyar kan Hakkokin Yaro cikin dokar duniya. A mukamin shugaban kasa, Garba shi ma ya kasance mai adawa da mulkin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu. Garba ya kasance shugaban kasa na sha shida, sha bakwai, da sha takwas na musamman na taron, kan wariyar launin fata, shan miyagun kwayoyi, da kuma hadin gwiwar tattalin arzikin kasa da kasa.

## Daga baya rayuwa
A cikin shekarar 1979, an ba Garba lambar yabo na Kwamandan Umurnin Tarayyar, kuma ya zama Babban Jami'in *Ordre National Du Bénin* ("National Order of Benin "). Ya rubuta litattafai da dama, ciki har da *juyin juya hali a Najeriya: Wani Duba* (1982), *Sojan diflomasiyya* (1987), da *Fractured History: Elite Shifts da Manufofin Canje-canje a Nijeriya* (1995), kuma an ba shi digirin digirin digirgir na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Jiha. na New York a shekarar 1991. 

Garba ya kwashe shekaru hudu (1992-1995) a cikin New York yana jagorantar The Southern Africa Peacekeeping and Peace and Peace, wanda ya maida hankali kan kalubalen tsaro da ke fuskantar yankin kudancin Afirka da ke sauyawa.  Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kan aikin shi ne sake fasalin jami'an tsaro don sabon Afirka ta Kudu da kuma bayan wariyar launin fata. Sakamakon ayyukan da sakamakon aikin an buga su cikin kundin biyu a cikin shekarar 1993 da shekarar 1994. A ranakun 26 zuwa 28 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1994, a Harare, Zimbabwe, ya haɗu a karon farko kwamandojin soja daga Afirka ta Kudu da takwarorinsu na ANC da yankin Afirka ta kudu, da ƙwararrun masanan tsaro na duniya don taron kan sake fasalin tsaron Afirka ta Kudu. sojojin.  Sai shigar, rawar da alkawari da wasu manyan jami'an kasar Afrika ta Kudu soja da 'yan sanda kwamandojin a Afirka ta Kudu, ciki har da Laftanar Janar Pierre Steyn, Janar JJ Geldenhuys, Manjo-Janar Bantu Holomisa da kuma Laftanar Janar Sebastian J. Smit, Major- Janar George Fivas, da kwamandoji daga ƙasashe maƙwabta za su ba da gudummawa ga canjin canjin na sojan Afirka ta Kudu cikin kwanciyar hankali bayan mulkin wariyar launin fata.  [duba, Sake fasalin rundunonin tsaro don sabuwar Afirka ta Kudu.

A shekarun baya, an ruwaito Garba yana da sha'awar shugabantar Najeriya, kuma ya fadi haka ne a bainar jama'a a shekarar 1995. A lokacin shirin mika mulki na Abacha ya kasance memba na United Nigeria Congress Party (UNCP), A jamhuriya ta hudu ya koma jam'iyyar All Nigeria People Party, duk da cewa ba a taba zabar shi a mukamin gwamnati ba. Daga shekarar 1999, ya kasance Darakta Janar na Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Kasa da Nazari a Nijeriya, yayin da yake gudanar da ayyukan wannan ofishin a Abuja ya mutu a ranar 1 ga watan Yuni, shekarar 2002. Garba ya bar mata da yara shida.

Bayan rasuwarsa shugaban majalisar dattijan Najeriya, Anyim Pius, ya bayyana Garba a matsayin "daya daga cikin nagartattun jami'an diflomasiyya, masu kishin kasa da kuma ba da fata ga wani bangare na Afirka da ba za a iya raba shi ba",  yana magana ne kan karfin imani da Garba yake da shi Pan-Africanism. .

## Littattafai

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** 
** Garba, Joseph Nanven (1993). The *Honour To Serve: reflections On Nigeria’s Presidency of the 44th U.N. General Assembly*. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). ISBN 978-129-285-7
** Garba, Joseph Nanven (1993). *Towards Sustainable Peace and Security in Southern Africa*. New York, N.Y.: Institute of International Education.
** Garba, Joseph Nanven (1994). *Restructuring the security forces for a new South Africa*, New York, N.Y.: Institute of International Education 
**  

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗin waje

* Appearances on C-SPAN