open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Igiyoyin ruwa

A cikin sauye-sauyen ruwa, igiyar iska, ko igiyar ruwa da ke haifar da iska, ita ce igiyar ruwan saman da ke faruwa a saman jikin ruwa kyauta sakamakon iskar da ke kada saman ruwan. Nisan tuntuɓar hanyar iskar ana kiranta da ɗauko. Taguwar ruwa a cikin teku na iya tafiya dubban kilomita kafin isa ga kasa. Taguwar iska a duniya tana da girman girmanta daga kananan ripples zuwa taguwar ruwa sama da 30 m (100 ft) tsayi, ana iyakance shi da saurin iska, tsawon lokaci, debo, da zurfin ruwa.

Lokacin da iskar gida ta haifar da tasiri kai tsaye, ana kiran tsarin igiyar iska ta iska. Raƙuman ruwan iska za su yi tafiya a cikin babbar hanyar da'irar bayan an samar da su - suna ɗan lanƙwasa hagu a cikin kudanci da ɗan dama a arewacin kogin. Bayan an tashi daga yankin da iskar ta daina shafa, ana kiran raƙuman iskar ta kumbura kuma suna iya tafiyar dubban kilomita. Babban misali na wannan shi ne raƙuman ruwa da aka haifar a kudancin Tasmania a lokacin iska mai ƙarfi da za ta ratsa tekun Pasifik zuwa kudancin California, ta samar da yanayi na hawan igiyar ruwa.Iskar iska a cikin teku kuma ana kiranta da igiyar ruwan teku kuma galibin raƙuman ruwa ne, inda nauyi shine babban ƙarfin ma'auni.

Raƙuman iska suna da ƙayyadaddun adadin bazuwar: raƙuman ruwa na gaba sun bambanta da tsayi, tsawon lokaci, da siffa tare da iyakantaccen tsinkaya. Ana iya siffanta su a matsayin tsari na stochastic, a hade tare da ilimin kimiyyar lissafi da ke kula da tsararrakinsu, girma, yaduwa, da lalacewa - da kuma gudanar da haɗin kai tsakanin adadin kwarara kamar motsin ruwa, saurin gudu, da matsa lamba na ruwa. Mahimman ƙididdiga na raƙuman iska (duka tekuna da kumbura) a cikin jihohin teku masu tasowa za a iya annabta tare da nau'in igiyar iska.

Ko da yake galibi ana la'akari da raƙuman ruwa a cikin tekunan ruwa na Duniya, tekun hydrocarbon na Titan na iya samun raƙuman ruwa da iska ke motsawa. Hakanan ana iya haifar da igiyoyin ruwa a cikin jikunan ruwa ta wasu dalilai, duka a saman da ruwa (kamar jirgin ruwa, dabbobi, magudanar ruwa, zabtarewar ƙasa, girgizar ƙasa, kumfa, da abubuwan da suka faru).

## Manazarta
Dam na campo moro dams

## Dam na Campo Moro
Daga Wikipedia, encyclopedia na kyauta Campo Moro Dams Campo Moro madatsun ruwa yana a ItaliyaCampo Moro dams Wurin dam ɗin Campo Moro a Italiya Sunan hukuma Dighe di Campo Moro Kasar Italiya Wuri Lanzada (SO) Yana daidaitawa 46°18′24″N 9°55′36″E Maƙasudin ƙarfin lantarki Matsayin da ake amfani da shi Ginin ya fara 1956 Ranar budewa 1958 Mai shi (s) Enel Mai aiki (s) Enel Babban dam da magudanar ruwa Nau'in dam Gravity dam Impounds Cormor, Val Confinale Creek, Campo Moro Creek Tsawo 174m (571 ft) Tsayin 530 m (1,740 ft) Nisa (crest) 528 m (1,732 ft) Nisa (tushe) 180 m (590 ft) Dam girma 1,700,000 m3 (60,000,000 cu ft) Hanyoyin zube 2 Nau'in Spillway Howell-Bunger Tsayin zube 620m (2,030 ft) Matsakaicin yawan kwararar wutar lantarki 100 m3/s (3,500 cu ft/s) Babban tafki Jimlar iya aiki 68,000,000 m3 (2.4×109 cu ft) Ƙananan dam da magudanar ruwa Nau'in dam Gravity dam Tsawo 96m (315 ft) Tsawon mita 180 (590 ft) Tsayin zube 133 m (436 ft) Ƙananan tafki Jimlar iya aiki 11,000,000 m3 (390,000,000 cu ft) Tashar wutar lantarki ta Campo Moro Kwanan Hukumar 1965 Nau'in Al'ada Zamanin shekara 33'000'000 KwH Madatsar ruwa ta Campo Moro wasu madatsun ruwa ne na makamashin lantarki da ke Lanzada, a lardin Sondrio, Lombardy (Arewacin Italiya). Ana kiran madatsun ruwan biyu Alpe Gera dam da Campo Moro. Alpe Gera, mafi girma daga cikin biyun, an gina shi da kusan 1,800,000 m3 na siminti don ƙirƙirar tafki na Alpe Gera (a cikin Italiyanci: Bacino di Alpe Gera). An ƙirƙiri ƙananan dam, Campo Moro, don samar da tafki na Campo Moro (a cikin Italiyanci: Bacino di Campo Moro)..

Wuri.

Madatsar ruwa na Campo Moro suna cikin Valmalenco, wanda kwari ne a cikin kewayon Bernina, wani yanki na Rhaetian Alps, kusan kilomita 150 (93 mi) arewa da Milan. Gundumar da ta fi kusa da madatsun ruwa ita ce Lanzada (SO), kodayake Chiesa a Valmalenco ita ce mafi girma kuma sananne a kusa. Ana iya samun madatsun ruwan na Campo Moro ta mota.. 
## Manazarta
Karamin lamuni da samar da tsaftataccen ruwa da muhalli

Microcredit don Samar da Ruwa da Tsabtace Muhalli yana nufin amfani da ƙananan lamuni don tallafawa mutane da ƙananan kamfanoni wajen samun damar haɗa da ingantattun hanyoyin samar da ruwa da kuma tsarin tsaftar muhalli, musamman a ƙasashe masu tasowa. 

Ma'anar Microcredit

Microcredit yana nufin bayar da ƙananan lamuni ga mutane masu ƙaramin ƙarfi waɗanda ba su da damar samun lamuni daga bankuna na gargajiya.  Ana amfani da waɗannan lamuni don tallafawa ayyukan da za su inganta rayuwar masu karɓar lamunin, kamar kafa ƙananan sana'o'i ko inganta yanayin zamantakewa. 

Amfani da Microcredit a Fannin Ruwa da Tsabtace Muhalli

A fannin samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli, microcredit yana taimakawa wajen: 

Ba da lamuni ga mutane don haɗa gidajensu da bututun ruwa ko gina bandaki mai tsafta. 

Tallafawa ƙananan masu samar da ruwa masu zaman kansu don su inganta ayyukansu. 

Inganta ayyukan tsaftar muhalli a unguwannin da ke da ƙarancin albarkatu. 

Fa'idodin Amfani da Microcredit a Wannan Fanni

Rage Kuɗin Ruwa: Haɗa gida da bututun ruwa na iya rage kuɗin da ake kashewa wajen sayen ruwa daga masu sayarwa. 

Kara Lokaci: Maimakon ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo wajen nemo ruwa, mutane za su iya amfani da wannan lokaci wajen yin wasu ayyuka masu amfani. 

Inganta Lafiya: Samun tsaftar muhalli na rage yaduwar cututtuka, wanda ke haifar da ƙarin lafiya da ƙarfin aiki. 

Kalubale

Ƙwarewar Hukumomi: Yawancin hukumomin microfinance ba su da ƙwarewa a fannin ruwa da tsaftar muhalli, wanda ke iya haifar da matsaloli wajen aiwatar da shirye-shiryen. 

Ƙuntatawar Kuɗi: Ƙananan lamuni na iya zama ba su wadatar don manyan ayyuka, musamman a yankunan da ke da matsaloli masu yawa. 

Misalan Aiki

India: A jihar Tamil Nadu, ƙungiyar Gramalaya tare da ƙungiyoyin mata sun yi amfani da microcredit don tallafawa mutane wajen samun ruwa da tsaftar muhalli. 

Vietnam: Ayyukan hadin gwiwa tsakanin hukumomi da ƙungiyoyin fararen hula sun yi amfani da microcredit don inganta tsarin tsaftar muhalli a birane. 

Senegal: An yi amfani da microcredit don tallafawa ƙananan kamfanoni wajen kula da tsarin samar da ruwa a ƙauyuka da ƙananan birane. 

Kammalawa

Amfani da microcredit a fannin samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli yana da matuƙar muhimmanci wajen inganta rayuwar mutane a ƙasashe masu tasowa.  Duk da cewa akwai kalubale, haɗin gwiwa tsakanin hukumomi, ƙungiyoyin fararen hula, da hukumomin microfinance na iya taimakawa wajen cimma nasarar wannan tsari. 

## Manazarta

Loughborough University - Well Factsheet on Microfinance for Sanitation Archived 2009-07-07 at the Wayback Machine Originally compiled by Darren Saywell and updated by Catarina Fonseca, 2006

The Challenge of Financing Sanitation for meeting the Millennium Development Goals Archived 2010-06-13 at the Wayback Machine Meera Mehta and Andreas Knapp, 2004

Water.org (June 2011). "WaterCredit: Water.org's Initiative to Increase Access to Credit and Capital for Safe Water and Sanitation" (PDF). pp. 2 and 5. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
Aquifer

Ruwan ruwa wani yanki ne na ƙarƙashin ƙasa na kayan da ke ɗauke da ruwa, wanda ya ƙunshi dutse mai ruɗi ko fashe, ko na kayan da ba a haɗa su ba ( tsakuwa, yashi, ko silt). Aquifers sun bambanta sosai a cikin halayensu. Nazarin kwararar ruwa a cikin magudanar ruwa da kuma yanayin yanayin ruwa ana kiransa hydrogeology. Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa sun haɗa da aquard, gado mai ƙarancin ƙarfi tare da magudanar ruwa, da aquiclude (ko aquifuge), yanki mai ƙarfi da mara ƙarfi da ke ƙasa ko kuma ya mamaye magudanar ruwa, matsatsin da zai iya haifar da samuwar magudanar ruwa. Za a iya rarraba magudanar ruwa a matsayin cikakke tare da unsaturated; aquifers da aquards; an tsare da ba a tsare; isotropic tare da anisotropic; m, karst, ko karaya; da ruwa mai wucewa

## Manazarta
Maiyin ruwa

Mai yin ruwa shine na'urar da ake amfani da ita don samun ruwan sha ta hanyar juyar da ruwan teku. A cikin da'irar kwale-kwale da kwale-kwale, ana kiran masu kashe ruwa a matsayin "masu yin ruwa".

Na'urorin na iya zama tsada don siye da kulawa, amma suna da matukar amfani saboda suna rage buƙatar manyan tankunan ruwa na dogon lokaci.

Kalmar mai samar da ruwa na iya nufin injin samar da ruwa na yanayi, injin da ke fitar da ruwan sha daga zafi a cikin iska ta amfani da na'urar firji ko na'urar bushewa.

**Iri**

Yawancin nau'ikan jiragen ruwa masu nisa ne ke amfani da su.

Dangane da zane, ana iya amfani da masu samar da ruwa ta hanyar wutar lantarki daga bankin baturi, injina, janareta na AC ko sarrafa hannu. Akwai na'ura mai ɗaukar nauyi, ja, mai samar da ruwa mai ƙarfi wanda ke canzawa zuwa aikin hannu a cikin gaggawa.

## Manazarta.
Ɓataccen ruwa

**Ruwan da ke da rauni** yana nufin wuraren da ke keɓantacce (GIWs) da kuma rafukan da ba a taɓa gani ba. Ephemeral da rafukan tsaka-tsaki suna gudana akan lokaci kuma suna cikin matsayi na ruwa. Su ne waje da mafi ƙanƙanta mai tushe na hanyoyin sadarwa na ruwa. Wuraren dausayi keɓe suna wajen filin ambaliya kuma suna nuna ƙarancin haɗin saman ƙasa zuwa magudanan ruwa ko filayen ambaliya. Wuraren da ke keɓance yanki na yanki sun ƙunshi cikakkun ɓacin rai waɗanda sakamakon fluvial, aeolian, glacial da/ko tsarin geomorphological na bakin teku. Maiyuwa su zama sifofi na halitta ko kuma sakamakon sa hannun mutane. Ruwa masu rauni suna wakiltar babban rabon hanyoyin sadarwar kogi.

Waɗannan jikunan ruwa suna nuna rauni ga rikice-rikice na yanayi da ɗan adam saboda ba su da alaƙa da yanayin ruwa, kuma galibi suna cikin yankin launin toka na ƙasashe da ka'idodin tsarin kula da ruwa na jihohi. A cikin Amurka, ana yin bitar matsayin kariyar GIWs da rafukan da ba a taɓa gani ba game da Dokar Tsabtace Ruwa.[1] Dangane da Dokar Tsarin Ruwa na Tarayyar Turai (EU) (WFD), an yi watsi da ƙananan magudanan ruwa, musamman a fannin aikin gona.

Waɗannan jikunan ruwa suna taka muhimmiyar rawa ta ruwa da muhalli a ma'aunin gida-zuwa kama. Suna sarrafa ajiyar ruwa, datti a cikin hanyar sadarwa na magudanar ruwa, suna ƙara yawan tacewa da canji na biochemical. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ruwa mai rauni yana ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar halittu masu rai yayin da suke zama mafaka ga nau'ikan da ba su da yawa da hanyoyin ƙaura. Rafukan ruwan kai da keɓantattun wurare masu dausayi suna nuna haɗin gwiwar ruwa da muhalli ta hanyar tsatsauran ra'ayi da tsarin ruwa na ƙasa.

## Ma'anar, nau'ikan da rarraba ruwa masu rauni

### Ephemeral da magudanan ruwa masu tsaka-tsaki
Rafukan ruwan kai suna nufin mafi ƙanƙanta tashoshi na hanyar sadarwa na kogin, inda magudanar ruwa ke farawa. Ana la'akari da su koguna na farko zuwa na uku a cikin tsarin rarraba rafi na Strahler. Ƙayyadaddun rafi na tsaka-tsaki da na al'ada yana nufin ci gaba da gudana a cikin shekara guda. Rafi na ephemeral yana gudana a hankali, yana biye da hazo, yayin da rafi mai tsaka-tsaki yana gudana a cikin wani yanki na shekara. A cikin duka biyun, bushewar tashar ta haifar da teburin ruwa na gida yana raguwa a ƙasan gadon gado. Galibin rafukan da ke kan iyaka da na tsaka-tsaki suna cikin matsayi na ruwa, amma a cikin saitunan ƙasa, ƙananan rafukan da ke kan hanyar sadarwa na kogin na iya zama na ɗan lokaci ko tsaka-tsaki.

## Manazarta
Swimming pool

**wurin shakatawa**

Wurin ninkaya, wanka, wading pool, paddling pool, ko kawai wurin waha, wani tsari ne da aka ƙera don ɗaukar ruwa don ba da damar yin iyo da ayyukan haɗin gwiwa. Ana iya gina tafkuna a cikin ƙasa (tafkunan da ke cikin ƙasa) ko kuma a gina su sama da ƙasa (a matsayin gini mai zaman kansa ko kuma wani ɓangare na gini ko wani babban tsari), kuma ana iya samun su azaman sifa a cikin jiragen ruwa. An fi gina wuraren tafkunan cikin ƙasa daga kayan kamar siminti, dutsen halitta, ƙarfe, filastik, haɗaɗɗen ko gilashin fiberglass, kuma suna iya bin daidaitattun girman girman, wanda mafi girmansa shine wurin ninkaya mai girman Olympics, ko kuma ya zama na al'ada.

Yawancin kulake na lafiya, cibiyoyin motsa jiki, da kulake masu zaman kansu suna da wuraren waha ga membobinsu, galibi ana amfani da su don motsa jiki. A yawancin duniya, ƙananan hukumomi suna ba da wuraren tafki na jama'a ga ƴan ƙasarsu. Yawancin waɗannan suna waje; wuraren waha na cikin gida galibi yanki ne na wurin shakatawa. Yawancin otal-otal suna da wurin tafki don amfani da baƙi. Tafkuna a matsayin alama a otal-otal sun fi zama ruwan dare a wuraren yawon bude ido ko kusa da wuraren taro. Yawancin jami'o'i da sauran al'ummomin cibiyoyi suna ba da wuraren tafki ga membobinsu., galibi a matsayin wani ɓangare na takamaiman ma'aikata na wasannin motsa jiki ko na nishaɗi. Rukunin gidaje da rarrabuwar gidaje na iya ba da wurin tafki don amfanin mazaunansu. Mazauna masu zaman kansu, musamman a yankunan da ke da yanayi mai dumi, na iya samun wuraren tafkunan nasu.

Wuraren ilimi kamar manyan makarantu da jami'o'i galibi suna da wuraren wahafi don azuzuwan ilimin motsa jiki, ayyukan nishaɗi, nishaɗi, da wasannin motsa jiki kamar ƙungiyoyin ninkaya. Wuraren zafi da spas ƙananan wuraren tafki ne masu zafi da ake amfani da su don shakatawa ko maganin ruwa. Hakanan ana amfani da wuraren tafkuna na musamman don nutsewa, wasannin ruwa, da jiyya, da kuma horar da masu kare rai da 'yan sama jannati. Wuraren shakatawa galibi suna amfani da ruwan chlorinated, ko ruwan gishiri, kuma ana iya yin zafi ko rashin zafi.

## Manazarta
1.Wiseman, T.P. (20 September 2016). "Maecenas and the Stage". Papers of the British School at Rome. 84: 131–155.

2.Kuttam Pokuna by Lanka Pradeepa, 3 November 2020, retrieved 8 July 2022.
Mugudanar ruwa (samar da ruwa)

## Mugudanar ruwa (Samar da ruwa)
Daga Wikipedia, encyclopedia na kyauta

Aikin Arizona ta Tsakiya yana ɗaukar ruwa daga Kogin Colorado zuwa tsakiya da kudancin Arizona.
Magudanar ruwa ita ce mashigar ruwa da aka gina don ɗaukar ruwa daga tushe zuwa wurin rarrabawa mai nisa. A aikin injiniya na zamani, ana amfani da kalmar magudanar ruwa don kowane tsarin bututu, ramuka, magudanar ruwa, ramuka, da sauran gine-ginen da ake amfani da su don wannan dalili. Kalmar ruwa ma sau da yawa tana nufin gada mai ɗauke da mashigar ruwa ta wucin gadi.

An yi amfani da magudanan ruwa a tsohuwar Girka, tsohuwar Gabas ta Tsakiya, tsohuwar Roma, tsohuwar Aztec, da tsohuwar Inca. Magudanan ruwa mafi sauƙi su ne ƙananan ramuka da aka yanke a cikin ƙasa. Ana iya amfani da tashoshi mafi girma a cikin magudanan ruwa na zamani. Aqueducts wani lokaci suna gudu don wasu ko duk hanyarsu ta cikin ramukan da aka gina a ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Magudanan ruwa na zamani na iya amfani da bututun mai. A tarihance, kungiyoyin noma sun gina magudanan ruwa don ban ruwa da wadata manyan garuruwa da ruwan sha.
## Etymology
Kalmar aqueduct ta samo asali ne daga kalmomin Latin aqua (ruwa) da ductus (gudu ko jagora).
## Tsohuwar magudanan ruwa
Ƙarin bayani: Tarihin samar da ruwa da tsafta
Ko da yake musamman suna da alaƙa da Romawa, an ƙirƙira magudanar ruwa da yawa tun da farko a Girka, Gabas Kusa, Kwarin Nilu, da yankin Indiya, inda mutane irin su Masarawa da Harappans suka gina nagartaccen tsarin ban ruwa. Aztecs da Incans suma sun gina irin waɗannan tsarin daga baya. An yi amfani da magudanan ruwa irin na Roman tun farkon karni na 7 BC, lokacin da Assuriyawa suka gina magudanar ruwa mai tsawon kilomita 80, wanda ya hada da wani yanki mai tsayin mita 10 don tsallaka wani kwari mai fadin mita 300, don kai ruwa zuwa babban birninsu Nineba.[2]
## Karita
Ko da yake musamman yana da alaƙa da Romawa, Minoans sun fara amfani da magudanar ruwa a kusan 2000 BC. Minoans sun ɓullo da wani tsarin ban ruwa a lokacin, wanda ya haɗa da magudanan ruwa da yawa.[3]

={Deccan==

Ruwan ruwa na Medieval Deccan a Hampi
An yi imanin yankin na Indiya yana da wasu magudanan ruwa na farko. Ana iya samun shaida a wuraren Hampi na yau, Karnataka. Manyan magudanan ruwa da ke kusa da kogin Tungabhadra da ke samar da ruwan ban ruwa sun kasance tsawon mil 15 (kilomita 24).[4] Magudanan ruwa sun ba da ruwa ga bakunan wanka na sarauta.
## Manazarta
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqueduct_(water_supply)#cite_ref-Brit_1-2
https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oip24.pdf
https://novoscriptorium.com/2019/07/23/advanced-water-management-and-pioneer-hydraulic-technology-in-minoan-crete-bronze-age-2/
Ruwan tafki

Ruwan tafki (ko kwandon ruwa ko tafkin ruwa) babban bakin ciki ne a cikin gadon rafi a gindin magudanar ruwa ko rufewa. An halicce shi ne ta hanyar ruɗaɗɗen ruwa na zubar da ruwa a kan duwatsu a tushen kafa inda ruwa ya yi tasiri. Kalmar na iya nufin ruwan da ke shagaltar da baƙin ciki, ko kuma baƙin ciki da kansa.

## Samuwarsa
An kafa wuraren tafkunan tafkunan ta hanyar ƙarfin faɗuwar ruwa, kamar a magudanar ruwa ko tudu; suna kuma haifar da tsarin da mutum ya yi kamar wasu zane-zane na zubewa. Ruwan tafki sau da yawa suna da zurfi sosai, gabaɗaya suna da alaƙa da tsayin faɗuwar, yawan ruwa, juriyar dutsen da ke ƙasa da tafkin da sauran abubuwa.[4] Ruwan da ke da tasiri da jujjuyawa, wani lokaci yana ɗauke da duwatsu a cikinsa, yana karkatar da gaɓar kogin zuwa cikin kwano, wanda galibi yana nuna ɓangarorin da ba su dace ba. Tafkunan ruwa na iya zama dadewa bayan ruwan ruwan ya daina gudu ko kuma aka karkatar da rafin. Misalai da yawa na tsoffin wuraren tafki suna wanzu a Dry Falls a cikin Channeled Scablands na gabashin Washington.[5] Ana kuma iya samun su a karkashin ruwa a wuraren da a da suke sama da matakin teku, misali, Perth Canyon da ke gabar tekun yammacin Ostiraliya.

Plunge pools siffofi ne na zazzagewa waɗanda ke faruwa a lokacin ƙuruciyar haɓakar kogin, wanda ke da madaidaicin gradients da saurin ruwa. Inda dutsen da ya fi laushi ko ya karye ya koma wani wuri, ruwa yana ci gaba da jefa bam a gindinsa. Saboda wannan dutsen sau da yawa ba shi da juriya fiye da kifaye, ruwan da ke sama yana ci gaba da zubewa ƙasa har sai an sami daidaito.

Wani siffa mai kama da kwano da ke gudana ta hanyar ruwa mai gudana, sabanin faɗuwar ruwa, an san shi da rami mai zubewa. Wadannan suna faruwa duka ta halitta da kuma sakamakon ginin gada.

## Manazarta
Manufar albarkatun ruwa

Manufar albarkatun ruwa, wani lokaci ana kiranta kula da albarkatun ruwa ko sarrafa ruwa, ta ƙunshi tsarin tsara manufofi da dokokin da suka shafi tattarawa, shirye-shirye, amfani, zubar, da kuma kare albarkatun ruwa.yana haifar da babban ƙalubale sakamakon raguwar albarkatun ruwa, sauyin yanayi, da faɗaɗa yawan jama'a.
Endorheic Basin

**Basin Endorheic**(/ ˌɛndoʊˈriː.ɪk/ EN-doh-REE-ik; kuma endoreic basin da endorreic basin) wani magudanar ruwa ne wanda yawanci yake riƙe da ruwa kuma yana ba da damar fita zuwa wasu jikunan ruwa na waje (misali koguna da tekuna); a maimakon haka, magudanar ruwa yana gudana zuwa tafkuna na dindindin da na yanayi da kuma swamps waɗanda ke daidaita ta hanyar ƙaya. Hakanan ana kiran basin endorheic rufaffiyar kwanduna, kwandunan tasha, da tsarin magudanar ruwa na ciki.

Yankunan endorheic sun bambanta da buɗaɗɗen tafkuna (yankunan exorheic), inda ruwan saman saman ya zube cikin teku.  

## Manazarta
Bunding

## Bongon Bund
Bunding, wanda kuma ake kira bangon bund, bango ne da aka gina a kusa da wurin ajiya "inda ake sarrafa abubuwan da za su iya gurbatawa, sarrafa su ko adana su, don dalilai na dauke da duk wani abin da ba a yi niyya ba daga wannan yanki har sai lokacin da za a iya daukar matakin gyara.
## Rufewar Ruwa
Kalmar kuma tana iya komawa ga dikes, amma ana yawan amfani da ita don bayyana wuraren ajiyar ruwa da ke hana yadudduka da zubewa daga tankuna da bututu, kodayake wani lokacin kowane shinge ana kiransa daure. Sau da yawa, ruwan da ke cikin waɗannan tankuna da bututu suna da guba, kuma ana amfani da bunding don hana ruwa yin lahani (ko dai ta hanyar ƙarfi ko sinadarai). Idan babban tanki yana da mummunan rauni, ruwan kawai zai iya haifar da lalacewa mai yawa. Idan an gina shi da kyau, bunding yana da girma sosai kuma yana da ƙarfi don ɗaukar abubuwan da ke cikin tanki gabaɗaya, kodayake ƙa'idodi na iya buƙatar ya kai girma na uku. Lokacin da tankuna da yawa suna raba bugu, ƙarfin yana dogara ne akan mafi girman tanki. Ɗaya daga cikin ƙirar da aka fi sani da manyan tankuna shine katangar siminti ko katanga da ke kewaye da tanki tare da bene na siminti.[3]
## Manazarta
1. Stewart, Ewan (2023). "Case Study — Revisiting the Tacoa Power Plant Boilover 40 Years On". Loss Prevention Bulletin (290): 2–6. ISSN 0260-9576.
Colored dissolved organic matter

**launin narkar da kwayoyin halitta** Narkar da kwayoyin halitta masu launin launi (CDOM) shine abin auna gani mai gani na narkar da kwayoyin halitta a cikin ruwa. Har ila yau aka sani da chromophoric narkar da kwayoyin halitta, [1] rawaya abu, da gelbstoff, CDOM yana faruwa ta halitta a cikin ruwa mahalli kuma shi ne wani hadadden cakuda da yawa daruruwan zuwa dubban mutane, musamman kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta, wanda aka farko leaked daga lalata detritus da kwayoyin halitta. CDOM mafi ƙarfi yana ɗaukar ɗan gajeren haske mai tsayi daga shuɗi zuwa ultraviolet, yayin da ruwa mai tsafta yana ɗaukar haske ja mai tsayi mai tsayi. Don haka, ruwan da ba shi da kaɗan ko babu CDOM, kamar buɗaɗɗen teku, yana bayyana shuɗi.[3] Ruwan da ke ɗauke da adadi mai yawa na CDOM na iya zuwa daga launin ruwan kasa, kamar a cikin koguna da yawa, zuwa rawaya da rawaya-launin ruwan kasa a cikin ruwan bakin teku. Gabaɗaya, yawan adadin CDOM ya fi girma a cikin ruwaye masu kyau da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa fiye da na buɗaɗɗen teku, kodayake ƙima yana da sauƙaƙa sosai, kamar yadda aka kiyasta gudummawar CDOM zuwa jimlar narkar da tafkin kwayoyin halitta.
Ruwan inibi zuwa ruwa

**Ruwan inibi zuwa ruwa** kungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke da alhakin rarraba ruwa mai tsafta da horar da tsafta.Doc Hendley ne ya kafa kungiyar a cikin 2007.

**Tarihi**

An haifi ra'ayin Wine To Water tare da farko na tattara kudade da aka gudanar a Raleigh, North Carolina a farkon 2004. Wanda ya kafa, Doc Hendley ya kasance mashawarci a Raleigh, kuma yana da sha'awar yin amfani da mashaya da masana'antar dare a matsayin wata hanya ta kawo canji mai kyau a duniya. Bayan ya fahimci matsalar ruwa a duniya, Hendley ya gudanar da masu tara kudade a wurin dandana ruwan inabi da mashaya a yankin Raleigh. Za a yi amfani da kudaden daga abubuwan da suka faru don aiwatar da ayyukan ruwa mai tsabta a duniya.Ayyukan da aka bayar sun hada da hakar rijiyoyi da gyara rijiyoyi, samar da wuraren tacewa da kwantena, da wayar da kan jama’ar yankin yadda za su kula da ruwan sha.

## Manazarta.
Ain Zada Dam

Dam din Ain Zada wani madatsar ruwa ne mai nisan kilomita  (6  a gabashin Khelil a kan Kogin Bou-Sellam a Lardin Bordj Bou Arréridj, Aljeriya. An gina dam din tsakanin shekarar 1982 zuwa 1986, ainihin manufar madatsar ruwan shine samar da ruwan sha da ban ruwa ga Setif, wanda ke da nisan kilomita  () zuwa yamma.

## Manazarta
Aerenchyma

**Aerenchyma ko aeriferous parenchyma** wani iri ne na parenchyma don samar da (spongy tissue) wanda ke haifar da sarari ko tashoshi na iska a cikin ganye, mai tushe da tushen wasu tsire-tsire, wanda ke ba da damar musayar iskar gas tsakanin harbe da tushen. Tashoshi na cavities masu cike da iska suna ba da ƙananan juriya na ciki don musayar iskar gas irin su oxygen, carbon dioxide da ethylene tsakanin shukar da ke sama da ruwa da kyallen takarda. Aerenchyma kuma ya yadu a cikin shuke-shuken ruwa da dausayi waɗanda dole ne suyi girma a cikin ƙasa mara nauyi.

## Manazarta
Tashar samfurin ruwa

Don haɓaka ingancin kula da ruwa a cikin hanyar sadarwar ruwan sha, ana shigar da tashoshin samar da ruwa a wurare daban-daban a kan hanyar sadarwar. Waɗannan tashoshi na samfur yawanci ana sanya su ne a matakin titi, inda suke haɗawa da babban ruwa na gida, kuma an tsara su azaman rufaffiyar, akwatunan da aka ƙera waɗanda ke ɗauke da ƙaramin tanki da tofi don taimakawa wajen tattara samfurin. Ana nazarin samfuran da aka tattara don ƙwayoyin cuta, matakan chlorine, pH, gurɓataccen ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta, turbidity, wari da sauran alamun ingancin ruwa da yawa.
Ruwa daga kasa

## Ruwa daga kasa
Daga Wikipedia, encyclopedia na kyauta

Tsarin magudanar ruwa yana nuna wuraren da aka killace, lokutan tafiye-tafiyen ruwan karkashin kasa, marmaro da rijiya
Ruwan ruwa wani yanki ne na ƙarƙashin ƙasa na kayan da ke ɗauke da ruwa, wanda ya ƙunshi dutse mai ruɗi ko fashe, ko na kayan da ba a haɗa su ba ( tsakuwa, yashi, ko silt). Aquifers sun bambanta sosai a cikin halayensu. Nazarin binciken ruwa a cikin magudanar ruwa da kuma halayen aquifers ana kiransa hydrogeology. Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa sun haɗa da aquard, gado mai ƙarancin ƙarfi tare da magudanar ruwa, da aquiclude (ko aquifuge), yanki mai ƙarfi da mara ƙarfi da ke ƙasa ko kuma ya mamaye magudanar ruwa, matsatsin da zai iya haifar da samuwar magudanar ruwa. Za a iya rarraba magudanar ruwa a matsayin cikakke tare da unsaturated; aquifers da aquards; an tsare da ba a tsare; isotropic tare da anisotropic; m, karst, ko karaya; da ruwa mai wucewa.

Dan Adam na iya girbe ruwan karkashin kasa daga magudanan ruwa ta hanyar amfani da qanat da ke kaiwa ga rijiya.[1] Wannan ruwan karkashin kasa shi ne babban tushen samar da ruwa mai dadi ga yankuna da yawa, ko da yake yana iya gabatar da kalubale daban-daban, kamar su wuce gona da iri (cire ruwan karkashin kasa fiye da ma'auni na ma'aunin ruwa), da kasa mai alaka da ruwan karkashin kasa, da kuma salinization ko gurbatar ruwan karkashin kasa.
Kayayyaki
Duba kuma: Kaddarorin Aquifer
Zurfin

Sashin giciye mai ruwa da ruwa. Wannan zane yana nuna magudanar ruwa guda biyu tare da ruwa guda daya (launi mai rufewa ko mara lalacewa) a tsakanin su, kewaye da bedrock aquiclude, wanda ke da alaƙa da rafi mai ƙarfi (na al'ada a yankuna masu ɗanɗano). Hakanan an kwatanta teburin ruwa da yankin da ba a cika ba.
Aquifers suna faruwa daga kusa-kasa zuwa zurfin fiye da mita 9,000 (30,000 ft).[2]. Wadanda ke kusa da saman ba wai kawai za a iya amfani da su don samar da ruwa da ban ruwa ba, amma kuma ana iya cika su da ruwan sama. Ko da yake a wasu lokuta ana siffanta magudanan ruwa a matsayin "koguna na karkashin kasa ko tafkuna," a zahiri dutse ne mai kaifi mai cike da ruwa.[3]

Yawancin wuraren hamada suna da tuddai ko tsaunuka a cikinsu ko kusa da su waɗanda za a iya amfani da su azaman albarkatun ruwa na ƙasa.[4] Wani bangare na tsaunukan Atlas da ke Arewacin Afirka, Lebanon da Anti-Lebanon da ke tsakanin Syria da Lebanon, Jebel Akhdar da ke Oman, wasu sassan Saliyo Nevada da makwabciyarta a Kudu maso Yamma na Amurka, suna da ramukan ruwa masu zurfi da ake amfani da su don samun ruwansu. Yin amfani da wuce gona da iri na iya haifar da wuce gona da iri; watau ana fitar da ruwa fiye da yadda ake iya cikawa.
## Manazarta
https://www.natureasia.com/en/nmiddleeast/article/10.1038/nmiddleeast.2022.72
https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/aquifers-and-groundwater
Thalassophobia

**Thalassophobia**

Thalassophobia (daga tsohuwar Girkanci θάλασσα (thálassa) 'teku' da φόβος (phóbos) 'tsoro') [1] shine tsayin daka da tsananin tsoro na zurfin ruwa, kamar teku, teku, ko tafkuna. Kodayake yana da alaƙa, thalassophobia bai kamata a rikita shi da aquaphobia ba, wanda aka lasafta shi azaman tsoron ruwa da kansa. Thalassophobia na iya haɗawa da tsoron kasancewa cikin zurfin ruwa, girman teku, raƙuman ruwa, dabbobin ruwa, da nesa mai nisa daga ƙasa.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da thalassophobia ba a bayyane suke ba kuma batun bincike ne na kwararrun likitoci saboda suna iya bambanta sosai tsakanin mutane.[3] Masu bincike sun ba da shawarar cewa tsoron manyan ruwaye wani bangare ne na martanin juyin halittar mutum, kuma yana iya kasancewa yana da alaƙa da shahararrun tasirin al'adu waɗanda ke haifar da tsoro da damuwa.[4] An kuma yi la'akari da cewa tushen ilimin halin ɗan adam na phobia ya samo asali ne daga yanayin alamar ruwa. Musamman, girman teku galibi ana haɗa shi da zurfin sumewar mutum.Tsananin thalassophobia da alamun da alamun da ke tattare da shi suna da ruwa sosai kuma masu rikitarwa. Mutanen da ke fama da thalassophobia suna shiga cikin yanayi da yawa na bacin rai da damuwa ta jiki wanda ke haifar da abubuwa iri-iri.[6] Jiyya na iya haɗawa da haɗakar jiyya da anxiolytics, kuma yana da tasiri sosai idan ana gudanar da shi ga marasa lafiya a lokacin ƙuruciya lokacin da thalassophobia gabaɗaya a samansa.

## Manazarta
1.Snyder, Kari (2003). "Attack of the Water Monster". *Boating*. **76** (4). New York: Hachette Filipacchi Media: 44. ISSN 0006-5374. Thalassophobia is the fear of the sea and can be associated with the fear of water or waves, fear of the vast emptiness, or fear of distance from land.

2.
Layin prreatic

Manyan layin ƙasa mai cikakken ƙasa wanda ya faru wanda ya isa ya faru, ana kiranta layin phreatic.

Ayyukan matsin lamba na Hydrostat suna ƙasa da layin phreatic yayin da Atmoshheric matsa lamba sama sama da layin phreatus. Wannan layin yana raba ƙoshin ƙasa mai cike da taro daga taro mara tushe. Ba layin kayan kyauta bane, amma layin da yake gudana.

Don madoman mon, layin phreatic kimanin yana ɗaukar siffar parabola.
Kwangilar sabis na ruwa

Kwangilar sabis na ruwa kwangila ce tsakanin mai albarkatun ruwa ko kayan aiki (gaba daya hukumar gwamnati, kamar ta kasa ko gundumomi) da mai ba da sabis na ruwa (wanda zai iya zama na jama'a ko na kamfani).
Estuary

An **estuary** is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. Estuaries form a transition zone between river environments and maritime environments and are an example of an ecotone. Estuaries are subject both to marine influences such as tides, waves, and the influx of saline water, and to fluvial influences such as flows of freshwater and sediment. The mixing of seawater and freshwater provides high levels of nutrients both in the water column and in sediment, making estuaries among the most productive natural habitats in the world.

Ƙaƙwalwar ruwa wani yanki ne da ke rufe bakin teku na ruwa mai ƙaƙƙarfan ruwa tare da koguna ɗaya ko fiye da ke gudana a cikinsa, kuma tare da haɗin kai kyauta zuwa buɗaɗɗen teku. Estuaries sun kafa yankin canji tsakanin mahallin kogi da mahallin teku kuma misali ne na ecotone. Estuaries suna ƙarƙashin tasirin ruwa kamar tides, tãguwar ruwa, da kwararar ruwan gishiri, da kuma tasirin tasirin ruwa kamar kwararar ruwa mai kyau da laka. Haɗin ruwan teku da ruwa mai daɗi yana ba da matakan sinadirai masu yawa duka a cikin ginshiƙi na ruwa da kuma a cikin laka, yana mai da magudanar ruwa a cikin mafi yawan wuraren zama na halitta a duniya.
Djorf Torba Dam

**Djorf Torba Dam** wani madatsar ruwa ne a cikin Gundumar Kenadsa, Lardin Bechar, Aljeriya, yana hayin Oued Guir kimanin nisan kilomita 50 (31  daga yammacin babban birnin, Béchar . Ana amfani dashi don dalilai na ban ruwa da samar da ruwa. Yankin da ke kusa da shugaban madatsar ruwan yana da wasu sanannun abubuwan tunawa na dā. Dam ɗin ya haifar da raguwa mai yawa a cikin kwararar Oued Guir da Oued Saoura a wuraren da ke ƙasa da madatsar ruwan.

## Manazarta
Detention basin

**kwandon tsare**
Kwandon da ake tsare da shi ko kwandon da ake ajiyewa wani yanki ne da aka tono akan ko kusa da magudanan rafuka, koguna, koguna ko magudanan ruwa don kariya daga ambaliya kuma, a wasu lokuta, zaizayar ƙasa ta hanyar adana ruwa na ɗan lokaci kaɗan. Ana kuma kiran waɗannan tafkunan busassun tafkuna, riƙon tafkuna ko busassun kwandunan tsarewa idan babu tafkin ruwa na dindindin.

Tafkunan tsare waɗanda aka ƙera don riƙe wasu ƙarar ruwa a kowane lokaci ana kiran su kwandon shara. A cikin tsarinsa na asali, ana amfani da kwandon da aka tsare don sarrafa yawan ruwa yayin da yake da iyakacin tasiri wajen kare ingancin ruwa, sai dai idan ya haɗa da fasalin tafkin dindindin.[1]
Alda ka

**Alder Carr** watau filin dazuzzuka mai cike da ruwa mai cike da bishiyu. Ana iya samun su a ko'ina cikin kasar Burtaniya, wani lokaci suna jan bishiyar Ash idan sun bushe.Mutane da yawa sun ci gaba tare da rafuka a cikin Sabon dajin, inda ƙarfin Alder na bunƙasa a cikin yanayin da ruwa ya cika ya ba su damar zama nau'in bishiyar mafi girma a cikin waɗannan yankuna. Kasancewar wasu ƙwayoyin cuta, Frankia alni, suna ba da damar tushen tsarin su don fitar da nitrogen daga iska, don haka ya haifar da ƙarancin nitrogen a cikin ƙasa mai cike da ruwa.  
## Manazarta
Tsaro na reservoir

Reservoirs adana manyan manyan ruwa na ruwa suna da damar haifar da lalacewa mai yawa da asarar rayuwa idan sun kasa. Reservoirs ana ganin "shigarwa waɗanda ke ɗauke da karfi masu haɗari" a karkashin Shari'a na INNSTARARARIT saboda yiwuwar tasirinsu mara kyau. A shekarar 1975 da gazawar Banqiao Reservoir Dam da sauran tsina a lardin Henan, Sin ta haifar da wasu kasawa a tarihi. Bala'i ya kashe mutane 171,000  zuwa miliyan 11 sun rasa gidajensu.

Saboda reservoirs da kuma abubuwan da suka ƙunsa sunada irin wannan mahimman mahimman mahimman ƙasashe da yawa sun sanya dokar farko, amma ba a tabbatar da dokar tsaro ba, 1930 an sanya su a Burtaniya.

## Sanadin gazawa
Dukda cewa gazawa ana nuna shi azaman bala'i a matsayin gazawar dam na dutsen don dauke da adadin ruwa da aka samu a bayan madatsar da gazawa. Waɗannan sun haɗa da:

Rashin isasshen ƙarfin zubar da ruwa wanda ya haifar da ruwa mai rufe bangon dam ɗin kuma ya rushe bango mara amfani yana haifar da lalacewa kuma daga ƙarshe

Madatsarin dam wanda ya danganta ga mai ba da izinin dutsen da ke ba da izinin ganin wanda ya dace a ƙarƙashin bangon dam wanda ya haifar da lalacewa da kuma lalata dam.

Rashin ingantaccen binciken kayan tarihin kafin a ba da izinin ruwa don ganin wani wuri nesa daga madatsar da dama.

Fitowa na isasshen gini yana barin lalacewa da lalata fuskar dam na dam na yau da kullun.

Subologyen Geology saboda talakawa na kasa, ma'adinai ko hakar mai.

Rashin isasshen ikon zubar da bututun motsa jiki saboda toshe ko lalata.

Rashin isasshen tsarin ruwan sama.

## Matsayi ta kasa
Ba duk ƙasashe suna da takamaiman iko a kan amincin ruwa da ramuka ba, kuma da yawa daga waɗanda suke da dokoki da shi a jihar ko lardin kawai. Wasu kuma kamar yadda Amurka ke da dokokin tarayya da ta jihar. A wasu, kamar dokokin Australia suna cikin matakin jihohi amma wasu jihohi ne suka dace da doka.

Australiya

Ostiraliya ta ba da "Jagorori akan gudanarwar aminci na dam a 1994" Amma ana yin takamaiman dokokin aminci a matakin jiha. New South Wales, Quensland da Victoria suna da duk dokokin da aka samu. A cikin Queensland wata manufar "Dam mai daraja" don sanin ko dokokin amfani. Kyakkyawan Dam an ayyana shi ta hanyar yawan sharuɗɗa ciki har da tsayin mita 8 (26 ft) da kuma girma na mita 500 (110 × 103 Mara Gal). Da yawa sauran yanayi da caveats nema. A cikin New South Wales Damiyar Damiyar Damiyar Damiyar ta tabbatar da kwamiti na kwararru don sa ido kan "damuna. Jerin da aka tsara wa tsawan tsayinsa ko kundin furukan amma akwai jerin da ke kunshe a cikin jadawalin.
Tafkin praerie

Tafkin Prairie wani tafki ne da ba shi da zurfi wanda zai fanshe a yanayi a lokacin rani, yana ba da damar nau'ikan tsire-tsire na ƙasa su bunƙasa akan wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki a cikin tafkin da aka fallasa, kuma tafkunan suna cika da ruwa yana komawa yanayin ruwa na baya.

A arewacin Florida, tafkin tudu/Prairie gabaɗaya tudun ruwa ne mara zurfi a cikin filayen da ke da babban tebur na ruwa kuma galibi tare da raƙuman ruwa. Waɗannan tafkuna akai-akai suna da faɗin yanki mai faɗi; har yanzu ruwa ko gudana-ta; yashi ko peat substrate; m ilmin sunadarai na ruwa, amma halayyar launi don sharewa, acidic zuwa dan kadan alkaline, ruwa mai laushi zuwa matsakaicin ruwa tare da matsakaicin ma'adinai sodium, chloride, sulfate; oligo-mesotrophic zuwa eutrophic. Wadannan tafkuna galibi ana danganta su da magudanan ruwa.

Arewacin Florida yana da manyan tafkuna guda huɗu: Lake Lafayette, Lake Jackson, Lake Imonia, da Lake Miccosukee. A lokacin antebellum a Florida, masu shukar auduga sun yi amfani da waɗannan tafkuna don kiwon shanu, tumaki, da sauran dabbobi idan sun bushe. Tafkunan Prairie kuma suna kasancewa a tsakiyar tsakiyar yammacin Amurka a cikin Iowa, Montana, da Minnesota a cikin Black Rush Lake, da tafkin Shaokatan, tafki mai zurfi a yammacin tsakiyar gundumar Lincoln. Yanayin ƙasa na iya bambanta da na Florida.

## Manazarta
Bayou

**Bayou** Jikin ruwa ne da aka fi samunsa a cikin fili, ƙasa mara kyau. Yana iya nufin rafi mai saurin tafiya, kogi (sau da yawa tare da ƙarancin ma'anar bakin teku), tafkin marshy, dausayi, ko rafi. Yawanci suna ƙunshe da ruwa mai kauri mai matuƙar dacewa ga rayuwar kifin da plankton. Ana yawan samun Bayous a yankin Gulf Coast na kudancin Amurka, musamman a cikin kogin Mississippi Delta, ko da yake su ma sun kasance a wasu wurare.

## Manazarta
Commodification of water

**kayayyakin ruwa**
Haɗin ruwa yana nufin tsarin mayar da ruwa, musamman ruwan sha, daga amfanin jama'a zuwa wani abu na kasuwanci wanda kuma aka sani da tattalin arziki. Wannan sauyi yana gabatar da ruwa a matsayin samfuri zuwa kasuwa wanda a baya ba shi da ruwa a matsayin abin da za a iya siyarwa. Yawancin lokaci, ana yin wannan ne da fatan ganin ana sarrafa albarkatun da inganci[a buƙatun ambaton]. Haɓakar ruwa ya ƙaru sosai a cikin ƙarni na 20, tare da damuwa game da ƙarancin ruwa da lalata muhalli.
Avis Dam

**Dam din Avis** madatsar ruwa ce a wajen Windhoek, Namibia . Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Afirka ta Kudu ne suka gina dam ɗin a shekarar 1933. Dam ɗin ya fara haifar da ambaliyar ruwa a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1934. 

## Dabbobi
Akwai aƙalla nau'ikan tsuntsaye 187 daban-daban a yankin.

## Manazarta
Beaver Dam

**Beaver Dam** dam ne da beavers suka gina; yana samar da wani tafki wanda ke ba da kariya ga mafarauta irin su 'yan iska, 'yan iska, 'ya'yan itace, dawakai, gaggafa, kyarkeci da beraye, da kuma rike abincinsu a lokacin hunturu. Waɗannan ginshiƙan suna canza yanayin yanayi ta yadda tsarin yanayin halittu gabaɗaya ya ginu akan canji, suna mai da beavers su zama nau'in dutse mai mahimmanci da injiniyoyin halittu. Suna yin gini da daddare, suna ɗauke da laka tare da goshinsu da katako a tsakanin haƙoransu.
## Manazarta
Kawar da dam

## Kawar da Dam
Daga Wikipedia, encyclopedia na kyauta ikon Globe. Misalai da hangen nesa a cikin wannan labarin bazai wakiltar ra'ayi na duniya game da batun ba. Kuna iya inganta wannan talifin, ku tattauna batun a shafin tattaunawa, ko kuma ku ƙirƙiri sabon talifi, yadda ya dace. (Satumba 2020) (Koyi yadda da lokacin cire wannan saƙon) Cire Dam ɗin Marmot, Kogin Sandy, Oregon Cire madatsar ruwa shine tsarin rushe dam, maido da ruwa zuwa kogin. Hujjar cire madatsar ruwa tayi la'akari da ko mummunan tasirin su ya zarce fa'idarsu. Amfanin madatsun ruwa sun hada da samar da wutar lantarki, magance ambaliyar, ban ruwa, da kuma kewayawa. Abubuwan da ba su da kyau na madatsun ruwa sun haɗa da lalata muhalli, kamar rage yawan amfanin ƙasa, hasarar ɗimbin halittu, da raguwar nau'ikan halittu; wasu munanan illolin suna ƙara ta'azzara yayin da madatsun ruwa suka tsufa, kamar rauni na tsari, rage aminci, tarin laka, da tsadar kulawa. Adadin kawar da dam a Amurka ya karu akan lokaci, a wani bangare na shekarun dam. Ya zuwa 1996, manyan madatsun ruwa 5,000 a duniya sun haura shekaru 50. A cikin 2020, kashi 85% na madatsun ruwa a Amurka sun fi shekaru 50 da haihuwa. A Amurka an cire kusan madatsun ruwa 900 tsakanin 1990 da 2015, kuma zuwa 2015, adadin ya kasance 50 zuwa 60 a kowace shekara. Faransa da Kanada kuma sun kammala manyan ayyukan kawar da su. Kawar da Japan ta farko, na Dam Arase a kan Kogin Kuma, ya fara ne a cikin 2012 kuma an kammala shi a cikin 2017.
## Manazarta
Communicating vessels

**Tasoshin sadarwa Na ruwa** ko vases ɗin sadarwa [1] jerin kwantena ne masu ɗauke da ruwa mai kama da juna kuma an haɗa su da isasshe ƙasa da saman ruwan: idan ruwan ya daidaita, yana daidaita daidai gwargwado a duk kwantena ba tare da la'akari da siffar da girman kwantena ba. Idan an ƙara ƙarin ruwa a cikin jirgin ruwa ɗaya, ruwan zai sake samun sabon daidai matakin a duk tasoshin da aka haɗa. Simon Stevin ne ya gano wannan a sakamakon dokar Stevin.[2] Yana faruwa ne saboda nauyi da matsa lamba suna dawwama a cikin kowane jirgin ruwa (matsi na ruwa).[3]

Blaise Pascal ya tabbatar a cikin karni na sha bakwai cewa matsa lamba da ake yi akan kwayoyin halitta na ruwa yana yaduwa gaba daya kuma tare da irin wannan karfi a kowane bangare.

## Manazarta
Crown wetlands

Crown Wetlands na kan ƙaramar tsibirin Little Cayman, ɗaya daga cikin Tsibiran Cayman, wanda ke ƙarƙashin ikon mallakar Birtaniya a cikin Tekun Caribbean. Gaba ɗaya, waɗannan yankuna suna daga cikin muhimman Yankunan Tsuntsaye na Kasa da Kasa (IBAs). 

## gamsashen bayani
Gandun Daji na Crown Wetlands yana dauke da kashi 40% na yankin tsibirin. Banda Tafkin Tarpon, duk sauran su kan bushe a wasu lokutan shekara. Suna da bambanci wajen girma kuma za a iya kasasu gida hudu (4) 

A arewaci da kudancin gabar teku, akwai tafkuna masu gishiri fiye da na al’ada (hypersaline lagoons) waɗanda akasari dazukan mangwaro ke kewaye da su. Wadannan sun haɗa da tsarin Tarpon Lake (236 ha), Grape Tree Pond (10 ha), Jackson's Pond (9 ha), Spot Bay Pond (5 ha), Sandy Point Pond (3.5 ha), Easterly Pond (3 ha), da Rosetta Flats Pond (2 ha). Tsirran da ke kewaye da wadannan wuraren sun ƙunshi haɗin nau’ikan mangwaro guda huɗu tare da tsirran Cordia sebestena, Rhabdadenia biflora, da Thespesia populnea.

A kudu-maso-yamma na tsibirin, kusa da Preston Bay, akwai fadama masu daddaɗar gishiri (brackish wetlands) mai fadin 8.4 ha. Wadannan suna tallafa wa tsirran ciyayi irin su Conocarpus, Laguncularia, da Acrostichum aureum, anace masu Shrubs tare da nau’o’in ciyayi masu taushi irin su Rhachiallis americana, Ruppia maritima, Salicornia bigelovii, da Sesuvium portulacastrum.Charles Bight Pond, mai fadin 8.5 ha wanda ke yankin tsaunin gabas na tsibirin, yana da ciyayi na nau’in Conocarpus kadai.

A gabar kudu-maso-gabas kuma, akwai Coot Pond, wani karamin ruwa mai ɗanɗano da tsawon lokaci ba ya dindindin (freshwater ephemeral wetland) wanda ke da fadin 0.1 ha. Wannan tafkin na tallafa wa ciyayin Conocarpus

## MANAZARTA
Callows

**Callows** wani nau'in ciyayi ne da ake samu a kasar Ireland. Tsarin yanayin ciyayi ne da aka yi ambaliya a lokaci-lokaci da aka samu akan filayen kogin da ke kwance. Callows suna tsakiyar Ireland. 5856 hectares na callows ana kiyaye su azaman yanki na Musamman na Kare (SAC).A tsakiyar kogin shine kogin Shannon: ɗaya daga cikin kogunan da ba a kayyade su kaɗai da suka rage a yammacin Turai. Kogin Shannon yana da nisan kilomita 360.Fiye da kashi 20% na ƙasar Ireland kogin Shannon ne ke zubar da shi. Ba kamar sauran ɓangarorin duniya da yawa ba, ƴan adam ba su taɓa jin daɗin ƙoƙon ba. Yankin bai fada cikin ayyukan noma ko ci gaban mutane ba, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama mafaka ga tsiro da namun daji da dama.

## Manazarta
Deficit irrigation

**Rashi ban ruwa**
Deficit irrigation (DI) dabarun shayarwa ce wacce za a iya amfani da ita ta hanyoyi daban-daban na aikace-aikacen ban ruwa. Madaidaicin aikace-aikacen DI yana buƙatar cikakkiyar fahimta game da amsawar da ake samu ga ruwa (hankalin amfanin gona ga damuwa na fari) da kuma tasirin tattalin arziki na raguwa a cikin girbi.] A yankunan da albarkatun ruwa ke da iyaka, zai iya zama mafi riba ga manomi don haɓaka yawan amfanin gonar amfanin gona maimakon yawan girbi a kowace ƙasa.Ana iya amfani da ruwan da aka ajiye don wasu dalilai ko don ban ruwa raka'a na ƙasa[3]. Wani lokaci ana kiran DI azaman ƙarin ban ruwa wanda bai cika ba ko DI da aka tsara.
Water supply and sanitation in Lesotho

Lesotho kasa ce mai tsaunuka kuma 'kasa ce mai wadatar ruwa', amma tana fama da rashin tsaftataccen ruwan sha saboda rashin isasshen tsafta. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da gina madatsun ruwa na aikin ruwa na tsaunukan Lesotho (LHWP), Lesotho ta zama babbar cibiyar samar da ruwa ga sassan arewacin Afirka ta Kudu. Duk da ci gaban tattalin arziki da samar da ababen more rayuwa da LHWP ke yi, cututtukan da ke haifar da ruwa sun zama ruwan dare a ƙasar kuma adadin mace-macen jarirai daga gare su ya yi yawa. A shekarar 2017, wani shiri na inganta samar da ruwan sha a yankunan karkara na Lesotho ya samu tallafin Hukumar Muhalli ta Duniya da Bankin Raya Afirka, kuma yana ci gaba da gudana.
Tafki mai nuni

Tafki mai nuni, wanda kuma ake kira tafkin tunani, fasalin ruwa ne da ake samu a cikin lambuna, wuraren shakatawa da wuraren tunawa. Yawancin lokaci yana ƙunshi tafkin ruwa mara zurfi tare da shimfidar haske, wanda jiragen ruwa na marmaro ba su damu ba.

## Zane
Ana tsara wuraren tafki masu nunin faifai tare da bene na waje a bakin gaɓoɓin ɗan zurfi fiye da yankin tsakiya don murkushe samuwar igiyar ruwa. Suna iya zama ƙanƙanta kamar wankan tsuntsu zuwa girma kamar babban jigon jama'a. Asalin su daga lambunan Farisa na da.

## Jerin wasu sanannun tapkunan
Miroir d'eau (Mudubin Ruwa) akan Place de la Bourse a Bordeaux, Faransa.

Lambun Mughal yana nuna wuraren tafki a Taj Mahal a Agra, Indiya

Chehel Sotoun in Iran

Cibiyar Tunatarwa ta Lincoln Memorial da Pool Reflecting Pool, a Washington, D.C.

Mary Gibbs da Jesse H. Jones Reflection Pool, Hermann Park, Houston, Texas, Amurka.

Masanin zamani Palácio do Planalto da Palácio da Alvorada a Brasília, Brazil

Martin Luther King Jr. National Historical Park a Atlanta, Jojiya

Gidan tunawa da kasa na Oklahoma City, a wurin da aka kai harin bam a birnin Oklahoma

The Hollywood Bowl a Los Angeles, California, inda wani tsohon tafki mai nuni a gaban mataki, c. 1953 - 1972[1]

National September 11 Memorial & Museum, dake a Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya a Birnin New York, tare da wuraren tafki guda biyu a kan wurin da Twin Towers suka tsaya.

## Manazarta
Bagre Dam

**Bagre Dam** wani madatsar ruwa ne a yankin White Volta wanda ke kusa da ƙauyen Bagré a Burkina Faso . 

## Tarihi
An gina madatsar ruwan a shekarar 1992 a farashin CFA miliyan 67 daga Bankin Duniya. 

## Manazarta
Tasha ruwa

Tasha ruwa ko tashar ruwa akan titin jirgin kasa wuri ne da jiragen kasa na tururi ke tsayawa don cika ruwa. Tsayawar jirgin da kanta kuma ana kiranta da "tasha ruwa". Kalmar ta samo asali daga lokutan injunan tururi lokacin da ruwa mai yawa ke da mahimmanci. Hakanan an san shi da tsayawar itace da ruwa ko tsayawar gawayi da ruwa, tunda yana da kyau a sake cika injina da mai kuma yayin ƙara ruwa a cikin taurin.
Bay

Kalmar"Bay" wani sashe na ruwa Wanda ke hade da ruwa me girma, kaman ruwan kogi kokuma ruwan teku. 

"large bay" ma ana babbar gabar ruwa kenan ana ce mata "golf".

Shi"ze iya zama wani sashe na kogi kokuma bakin kogin. Yana kamawa a tsakinin kogi da Qasar gabar ruwa.

## Nazari
A yankunan mexico,india,bengal da sauransu ana Samun bay.

## Ma'ana a karance
"United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea" ta bada ma'anar "bay" da cewa ingantattun shatin dake bakin kogi Wanda rastsawar sa ta danganta da fadi da girma na ruwan dayake a wannan yankin.

Ita maraba baza a kirta da "bay" ba, sede idan yankin yanada fadi sosai. Kokuma idan tafi rabin zagaye wato"diameter".

idan kuwa ba haka ba, sede a kirashi "bight".

## Rabe-Rabe

## Budadde
wannan ya kasance yanada budadden baki ne

## Mai rufewa
wannan shine Mai Dan qaramin Baki a sahen dayake da girma. Mafi qaranci a 'peninsula' guda Daya.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay#cite_note-UNCLOS-8

## Manazarta
Rabe-raben Dausayi

## Introduction
Rarraba wuraren dausayi ya kasance aiki mai matsala, tare da ma'anar abin da aka saba yarda da shi na abin da ya ƙunshi dausayi yana cikin manyan matsaloli. Akwai rarrabuwa da yawa na ƙasa mai dausayi. A cikin 1970s, Yarjejeniyar Ramsar kan Dausayi na Muhimmancin Ƙasashen Duniya ya gabatar da yunƙurin farko na kafa tsarin rarraba dausayi mai karɓuwa a duniya.[1]
## Rarraba Ramsar Babban labarin
Tsarin Rarraba Ramsar don Nau'in Wetland Rabe-rabe na Ramsar na nau'ikan dausayi an yi niyya ne a matsayin hanya don saurin gano manyan nau'ikan wuraren dausayi don dalilai na al'ada.[2] An rarraba wuraren dausayi zuwa manyan aji uku: Ruwan ruwa / gabar teku Tsibirin cikin ƙasa Dausayin da mutum ya yi Waɗannan an ƙara raba su da nau'in ruwa: sabo / saline / brackish / alkaline; kuma ana iya ƙara rarraba su ta nau'in substrate na wasu halaye. Tsarin rarrabuwa na kasa
## Manazarta
1. Scott, D. A.; Jones, T. A. (1995). "Classification and inventory of wetlands: A global overview". Vegetatio. 118 (1–2): 3–16. doi:10.1007/BF00045186. S2CID 24404467.
Cataract Bog

A cikin wannan wuri babu bishiya ko babban tsibiri da zai iya kiyaye tushe tushe. Sakamakon shine kunkuntar, rigar dindindin, mazaunin rana. Yayin da cataract bog ke karbar bakuncin tsire-tsire irin na bog, a zahiri fen ne. Bogs suna samun ruwa daga sararin samaniya, yayin da fens ke samun ruwansu daga magudanar ruwa.
## Manazarta