Gershon Edelstein

**Yarachmiel Gershon Edelstein** (Ibraniyawa; 18 ga Afrilu 1923  - 30 ga Mayu 2023) ya kasance malamin Haredi na Isra'ila wanda aka haifa a Soviet wanda ya kasance rosh yeshiva na Ponevezh Yeshiva, shugaban Vaad Hayeshivos, kuma shugaban ruhaniya na jam'iyyar Degel HaTorah a Isra'ila.  Al'ummar Litvish sun dauke shi a matsayin Gadol Hador.

Bayan mutuwar Rabbi Aharon Yehuda Leib Shteinman a ƙarshen 2017, Rabbi Edelstein, tare da Rabbi Chaim Kanievsky, sun jagoranci ƙungiyar Degel HaTorah, suna wakiltar mafi yawan al'ummar Litvak-Haredi. Daga Maris 2022, bayan mutuwar Rabbi Kanievsky, Rabbi Edelstein ya ɗauki jagorancin jama'ar Litvak.

## Tarihin rayuwa

An haifi Edelstein a garin Shumyachi (Shumyatch) kusa da Smolensk, a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, ga Rabbi Tzvi Yehuda Edelstein, malamin garin kuma ɗan Rabbi Yerachmiel Gershon Edelstein , marubucin Ben Aryeh a kan Talmud, da kuma Miriam, 'yar Rabbi Mordechai Shlomo Movshovitz, malamin Melastovka. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]

Mahaifiyarsa ta sami takardar shaidar haihuwa ta karya tare da kwanakin da ba daidai ba ga 'ya'yanta maza, ta sanya su a matsayin shekaru uku da suka fi shekarunsu na ainihi don haka ba za a yi rajista a makarantun da ke karkashin kulawar jihar a karkashin Yevsektsiya (reshe na Yiddish na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Tarayyar Soviet ba). Ya yi karatun Attaura a karkashin Rabbi Zalman Leib Estolin, Chabadnik, a musayar mahaifinsa Rabbi Tzvi Yehuda yana koyar da Estolin a Gemara da Rishonim .  Bayan mahaifiyarsa ta yi rashin lafiya da typhus, shi da ƙaramin ɗan'uwansa, Rabbi Yaakov Edelstein, an aika su zuwa ga kawunansu, Rebbetzin Rivka Tzivia Paz, a Klimovich, inda wani malamin Chabad, Rabbi Moshe Axelrod, ya tashe su, wanda daga baya ya aiko su don nazarin Attaura a asirce a ƙarƙashin Rabbi Mordechai Eliyahu Shneor, wanda shi ma mabiyan Chabad kuma almajirin mahaifinsu. A can, sun sami labarin mutuwar mahaifiyarsu.

A watan Nisan 1934, mahaifinsu ya sami izinin yin ƙaura zuwa Ƙasar Isra'ila, tare da taimakon Rabbi Ibrahim Isaac Kook, kuma ya nemi 'ya'yansa maza su koma Shumyachi. A wannan lokacin, kakansu Rebbetzin Raizel ta gudanar da gidan kuma ta tayar da 'yan uwan, ta ba mahaifinsu damar mayar da hankali kan Nazarin Attaura. A cikin watan Iyar 1934, iyalin sun yi tafiya a cikin jirgin "Novo Russia" daga Odessa zuwa ƙasar Isra'ila, sun isa Lag B'Omer .  Iyalin sun yi tafiya zuwa Urushalima, inda suka ziyarci Rabbi Isser Zalman Meltzer da Rabbi Kook, waɗanda suka yi karatu tare da kakan su, Rabbi Yerachmiel Gershon Edelstein, a Volozhin Yeshiva . 

A cikin Elul 5694 (1934), bayan watanni da yawa na ƙaura tsakanin dangi, mahaifinsu ya zauna da iyalin a Ramat HaSharon . Tun da babu makarantar addini a Ramat HaSharon, mahaifinsu ya koya wa yara maza a gida, ta amfani da akwatunan orange a matsayin teburin saboda rashin kayan gida. Sun yi nazarin Gemara tare da Rosh da Rif, kuma ga wasu litattafai, har ma da Tur da Beit Yosef . A ranar Shabbat, sun yi nazarin Rambam a kan batutuwan da suka shafi rubutun. Har ila yau, 'yan uwan sun koyi harshe, lissafi, da Ingilishi, wanda shine harshen hukuma a lokacin, tare da mai koyarwa na musamman da aka kawo gidansu.

A cikin 1935 (5695), an nada mahaifinsu a matsayin malamin yankin. Zuwa Elul 5702, an tura 'ya'yan zuwa Lomza Yeshiva bayan ƙarfafawar Gershon. Sun yi tafiya daga gidansu zuwa yeshiva a Petach Tikvah a ranar farko ta Elul, ba tare da sanin cewa kalmar ta fara a ranar da ta gabata ba. mashgiach, Rabbi Avraham Abba Grossbard, ya ce ba shi da wani wuri da ya rage musu. Shlomo Zalman Moses, sakataren yeshiva (mahaifin Menachem Eliezer Moses), ya sadu da su kuma ya gayyace su su barci a gidansa har sai an sami gadaje a yeshiva a farkon Cheshvan. Biye da umarnin mahaifinsu, sun shiga ƙungiyar nazarin Rabbi Shmuel Rozovsky . 

Bayan shekara guda, mahaifinsu ya sake yin aure ga Rahila, kuma ya nemi 'ya'yansa maza su dawo, yana bayanin cewa tare da rebbetzin yanzu suna ɗaukar nauyin gida, za su iya mai da hankali kan karatunsu ba tare da katsewa ba. 'Yan uwan sun ci gaba da karatunsu tare da mahaifinsu. A cikin hunturu na 5704 (1943-1944), lokacin da aka kafa Ponevezh Yeshiva, Rabbi Shmuel Rozovsky, wanda aka nada shi a matsayin shugaban yeshiva, ya nemi mahaifinsu ya shiga ƙungiyar kafa yeshiva. Sun kasance daga cikin dalibai shida na farko a yeshiva, wanda a lokacin yake a cikin Majami'ar Ligman a Bnei Brak, tare da daliban da ke zaune a cikin ɗakunan haya a kusa da birnin. Yaran 'yan uwan biyu sun zauna a gidan Rabbi Michel Yehuda Lefkowitz, wanda ya hayar ɗakinsa guda ɗaya ga yeshiva. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

Wanda ya kafa yeshiva, Rabbi Yosef Shlomo Kahaneman, ya nada shi ya koyar da daliban da suka tsira daga Holocaust waɗanda suka isa makarantar marayu "Batei Avot". A cikin 5706 (1946), an nada shi ya ba da laccoci ga ƙananan ɗalibai a yeshiva. A cikin 5708 (1948), ya auri Hennie Rachel, 'yar Rabbi Yehoshua Zelig Diskin, rabbi na Pardes Hanna (ta mutu a ranar 14 Tishrei 5762),  kuma a wannan shekarar, Rabbi Kahaneman ya nada shi a matsayin malami (ram) a yeshiva. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

Rabbi Edelstein yana kusa da Rabbi Avrohom Yeshaya Karelitz, wanda aka fi sani da Chazon Ish . Bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa a ranar 20 ga Cheshvan 5711 (1950), ya tattauna ko zai dauki matsayin Rabbi na Ramat HaSharon . Koyaya, kamar yadda ya riga ya riƙe matsayi a yeshiva kuma saboda ƙin matarsa ta ƙaura daga Bnei Brak, an ba da rawar ga ɗan'uwansa, Rabbi Yaakov Edelstein. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

A tsakIyar shekarun 1990s, rikice-rikice na maye gurbin ya fito a cikin Ponevezh Yeshiva . Bayan hukunce-hukuncen daga kotun malamai kan lamarin, Rabbi Edelstein ya fara gabatar da babban lacca (shiur klali) ga ɗalibai a Iyar 5760 (2000), yadda ya kamata ya zama Rosh Yeshiva tare da Rabbi Baruch Dov Povarsky. Daga baya, Rabbi Shmuel Markovitz ya shiga cikinsu. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

### Mutuwa da jana'izar

A watan Mayu 2023, a lokacin hutun Shavuot, an shigar da Rabbi Edelstein a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Mayanei Hayeshua a Bnei Brak saboda Matsalolin numfashi. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, yanayinsa ya kara muni, kuma a safiyar Talata, ranar 10 ga Sivan, 5783 (30 ga Mayu 2023), ya mutu yana da shekaru 100.

An yi jana'izarsa a ranar mutuwarsa a Bnei Brak, daga zauren Ponevezh Yeshiva kuma ya ci gaba zuwa makabartar Ponevezhiva .  Dangane da ƙididdigar 'yan sanda, kusan mutane 200,000 ne suka halarci.

## Ra'ayoyi

### Attaura
Rabbi Edelstein ya yi ra'ayin cewa ya kamata a daidaita binciken da yanayin kowane dalibi. A cewarsa, lokacin da salon ilmantarwa ya dace da halin mai koyo, jin daɗinsu da gamsuwa suna ƙaruwa, suna sauƙaƙa ci gaba da karatu a tsawon shekaru, daidai da manufa ta Litvak. Ya kuma yi imanin cewa yawancin ɗalibai suna amfana da sauri na karatu, suna rufe shafuka da yawa. Bugu da ƙari, ya yi la'akari da samun saba da fadada ilimin da ke da mahimmanci don samar da ma'ana mai kyau da fahimtar tattaunawar Talmudic, samar da gamsuwa mafi girma ga mai koyo. Rabbi Edelstein ya kuma jaddada muhimmancin nazarin musar (littattafan ɗabi'a). A mafi yawan jawabinsa, ya karfafa muhimmancin nazarin mussar, har ma ya ambaci bukatarsa a cikin yabo da ya ba Rabbi Chaim Kanievsky, yana lura da fa'idodin da yake kawowa ga halin mutum da duk fannoni na rayuwa. Ya kuma jaddada cewa ya kamata a yi nazarin mussar da farin ciki kuma tare da littattafan da ke sha'awar mutum.

## Manazarta