Kisan Chris Hani

Chris Hani, Janar-Sakataren Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Afirka ta Kudu (SACP), mai tsattsauran ra'ayi Janusz Waluś ne ya kashe shi a ranar 10 ga Afrilu 1993. Kisan wanda daga baya ya danganta da mambobin jam'iyyar Conservative Party, ya faru ne a wajen gidan Hani da ke Dawn Park a lokacin da ake ci gaba da samun ci gaba na yaki da wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu. Bayan kashe-kashen, tarzoma ta kabilanci ta ja hankalin duniya game da rashin zaman lafiya a rarrabuwar kawuna a Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ya kai ga gudanar da zaben dimokuradiyya na kasa baki daya a watan Afrilun 1994, wanda jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC) ta lashe. Waluś da abokin aikinsa Clive Derby-Lewis duka an yanke musu hukuncin kisa bayan kama su a 1993; Daga baya aka mayar da hukuncin zuwa daurin rai da rai.

## Bayanan siyasa
Chris Hani ya shiga jam'iyyar ANC (African National Congress) Youth League yana da shekaru goma sha biyar a matsayin hanyar bibiyar harkokin siyasar mahaifinsa, wanda ke cikin ANC da kansa. Yayin da yake a Jami'ar Fort Hare tsakanin 1959 da 1961 Hani ya fallasa sosai kuma akidar Marxist ta rinjaye shi, yana mai da'awar hakan saboda yanayin 'yanci na harabar. Bayan ya kammala karatun digirinsa na Latin da Ingilishi a Jami'ar Rhodes a 1962 Hani ya shiga Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK), reshen soja na ANC. Saboda jajircewarsa ga MK, an kama Hani a karkashin ‘Dokar hana gurguzu’ kuma aka kai shi gudun hijira zuwa Lesotho a 1963, inda ya canza sunansa zuwa Chris (wanda a baya Thembisile) ya taimaka a boye.

Yayin da yake wani bangare na MK, Hani ya sami horon soji ta hanyar Tarayyar Soviet kuma ya sami suna a matsayin sojan sojan bakar fata ta hanyar yin aiki a yakin neman 'yanci na Zimbabwe a 1967, yana rike da mukamin kwamishinan siyasa a cikin sojojin juyin juya halin jama'ar Zimbabwe (ZIPRA). A cikin 1974 Hani ya yi tafiya zuwa jamhuriyar dimokaradiyya ta Jamus (GDR) inda ya shiga horar da 'yan daba na tsawon watanni uku kafin ya auri Limpho Sekamane (yanzu Limpho Hani) a Lusaka. saboda muhimmiyar rawar da ya taka a cikin ayyukan 'yan ta'addar MK, Hani ya zama wanda aka yi yunkurin kashe shi tun daga 1981, ciki har da yunkurin kashe bam na mota da Ernest Ramatolo ya yi a ranar 2 ga Agusta
Hani ya koma Afirka ta Kudu na dindindin bayan dakatar da jam'iyyar ANC a shekara ta 1990 kuma cikin sauri ya zama jigo a bangaren hagu na Afirka ta Kudu. Duk da rushewar kwaminisanci a Turai, Hani ya yi kamfen sosai ga SACP (Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Afirka ta Kudu) a matsayin Babban Sakatare daga 1991. A ranar 7 ga Satumba 1992, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen jagorantar jerin gwanon mutane 80,000 a filin wasa na Victoria kafin taron ya zo karkashin wutan na'ura, wanda ya kai ga mutuwar Bisho. Hani ya rike mukamin Babban Sakatare a cikin SACP har zuwa kashe shi a ranar 10 ga Afrilu 1993.

## Magana
Bayan zaɓen jam'iyyar National Party mai rinjaye a cikin 1948, Afirka ta Kudu ta kasance da halin nuna wariyar launin fata, tsari mai tushe da mamaye tsarin rarrabuwar kawuna wanda ya ƙarfafa nuna wariyar launin fata. A cikin 1950 Dokar Rijistar Yawan Jama'a ta ba da tsarin rarrabuwa ta hanyar rarraba 'yan Afirka ta Kudu bisa ƙa'ida ta jinsi daban-daban.
A wannan lokacin ƙungiyoyin siyasa masu adawa da wariyar launin fata irin su Afrapix da ANC sun kasance cikin tsari sosai kuma sun yi amfani da hanyoyin da ba su dace ba don kalubalantar dorewar wariyar launin fata. Daga 1963 har zuwa 1990 Nelson Mandela, wanda ya kafa Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) ya kasance a gidan yari wanda ya haifar da goyon bayan kasashen duniya na ci gaban yaki da wariyar launin fata Daga 1985 Birtaniya da Amurka sun kakaba wa Afirka ta Kudu takunkumin tattalin arziki, musamman kan shigo da gawayi da Uranium, a kokarin da suke yi na tabbatar da zaben dimokradiyya. Wadannan takunkumin tare da matsin lamba daga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ba su da wani tasiri saboda ramuka daban-daban da kuma karfin tattalin arzikin Afirka ta Kudu mai cin gashin kansa. A cikin 1994 Afirka ta Kudu ta gudanar da cikakken zaɓen dimokraɗiyya na farko wanda ya haɗa da dukkan ƙuri'un kabilanci, wanda ya haifar da zaɓen Majalisar Wakilan Afirka da ta sami kashi 63.1% na yawan ƙuri'un jama'a da kujeru 252 a Majalisar Dokokin ƙasar. Tun a wancan lokaci jam'iyyar ANC ce ke mulkin Afirka ta Kudu.
## Kisa
A ranar 10 ga Afrilun 1993, an kashe Hani a lokacin da yake fitowa daga motarsa a gidansa da ke Dawn Park, Boksburg, ta hannun Janusz Waluś dan gudun hijira na Poland. An harbe Hani da misalin karfe 10:20 na safe kuma ya mutu a wurin ] A yayin harin Hani ta samu harsashi biyu a kirji da kuma karin harsasai guda biyu a kai. Tare da shi a lokacin akwai 'yarsa 

Jim kadan bayan haka, an kama Clive Derby-Lewis, Ministan Harkokin Tattalin Arziki na Jam'iyyar Conservative ta Afirka ta Kudu a lokacin, bisa laifin hada baki a kisan Hani, yayin da ya aron waluś bindigar Z88 9mm da aka gyara da aka yi amfani da ita wajen kai harin.Bindigan da aka yi amfani da shi ba shi da lasisi kuma abokin aikin Jean Taylor ne ya sace shi daga hannun soja ta hanyar Edwin Clarke kuma yana hannun Derby-Lewis tun lokacin da yake shirin aikata laifin a watan Fabrairu. a lokacin da ake shari'a, Derby-Lewis ya bayyana muradin sa na shigar da kasar cikin yakin tsere don kawo cikas ga ci gaban sulhun da ake shirin yi a zaben dimokuradiyya na shekarar 1994, lokacin da tattaunawar kawo karshen mulkin wariyar launin fata ya kai kololuwa. A yayin gudanar da bincike, 'yan sanda sun bankado jerin sunayen kisan gilla da Waluś da Derby-Lewis suka tattara wadanda ke dauke da adireshi na mazauni da sunayen shugabannin siyasa na bangaren hagu ciki har da Joe Slovo da Nelson Mandela.

## Bayan haka
Bayan kisan gillar, tarzoma ta barke a Cape Town, Durban da kuma Port Elizabeth saboda tashin hankalin da ke tsakanin bangaren hagu da dama. An samu mutuwar mutane bakwai, ciki har da uku sakamakon gobarar da ‘yan sanda suka yi., An kiyasta cewa sama da ma’aikata bakar fata miliyan 6 ne suka tsunduma yajin aikin yini guda don tunawa da Hani a ranar 15 ga Afrilun 1993.[ wannan rugujewar jama'a ta haifar da yanke shawara don gudanar da zaɓen dimokuradiyya a ranar 27 ga Afrilu 1994. A cewar Jeremy Cronin, Mataimakin Sakatare na SACP (Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Afirka ta Kudu) a lokacin, ayyukan Waluś da Derby-Lewis sun zo kusa da "kusa Afirka ta Kudu cikin yakin basasa" 

Dangane da kisan gillar, Mandela, ko da yake bai kasance shugaban kasa ba, ya yi jawabi ga al'ummar kasar a ranar 14 ga Afrilun 1993 don yin kira ga zaman lafiya cikin gaggawa.

## Maƙarƙashiya
Ka'idodin makirci da yawa sun bayyana suna ba da shawarar shigar da wasu manufofin siyasa a cikin kisan Hani, gami da shawarwari daga mai binciken cinikin makamai Terry Crawford-Browne game da hannun Joe Modise, shugaban MK, saboda cin hanci da rashawa da ke cikin ANC. Bugu da ƙari, ra'ayoyin sun nuna haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Clive Derby-Lewis da Thabo Mbeki, shugaban Afirka ta Kudu na biyu, saboda yawan ribar siyasa da ya samu a sakamakon kisan Hani. Duk da haka, ba a bincika waɗannan da'awar ba saboda shaidar Waluś da Derby-Lewis.

Da'awar kafofin watsa labarai da kuma rahotannin Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Ƙasa tun daga 2015 na Hukumar Gaskiya da Sulhunta sun ba da shawarar haɗa baki daga rundunar 'yan sanda ta Vlakplaas C-10 a farkon matakin kisan. An yi imanin cewa jami'an leken asiri a cikin babban 'yan sandan Boksburg na da alaka da makircin. Ba a aiwatar da waɗannan da'awar a fili ba.

## Masu kisa
Janusz Walus
Janusz Waluś an haife shi ne a Poland mai bin kwaminisanci a ranar 14 ga Janairu 1953 kuma ya sami zama a Afirka ta Kudu a 1981 don yin aiki a matsayin mai kera gilashi da direban babbar mota tare da mahaifinsa da ɗan'uwansa. Daga baya, Waluś ya shiga jam'iyyar National Party da Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging, yana mai ba da goyon bayansa ga siyasa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da manufofinsu na dakile yaduwar gurguzu da daidaiton launin fata ta Afirka ta Kudu.  Kafin 1993 Waluś ya shiga tsakani sosai tare da Clive Derby-Lewis kuma ya tsara jerin kisan gillar siyasa. Ko da yake bai bayar da shaida a gaban shari'a ba, a lokacin sauraron afuwarsa na 1997 Waluś ya fito fili ya jaddada manufar siyasa na kisan gilla "don jefa kasar cikin rudani wanda zai ba da damar 'yancin karbar ragamar mulki",  kuma ya tuna abubuwan da ya samu a cikin 'yan gurguzu Poland a matsayin dalili na kansa na aikata laifuka. Bugu da ari, Waluś ya bayyana tasirin jam'iyyar Conservative a cikin laifuffukan da ya aikata, ""Na yi shi ne don CP da kuma dakatar da 'yan gurguzu da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi daga samun iko a wannan ƙasa"

## Clive Derby-Lewis
Clive Derby-Lewis ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Conservative kuma ya kasance Ministan Harkokin Tattalin Arziki na Shadow a lokacin kisan Chris Hani. Saboda tsananin goyon bayansa ga jama'a na wariyar launin fata da matsananciyar manufofin 'yan dama, Harry Schwartz, minista mai adawa da shi ya bayyana Derby-Lewis a matsayin "mafi girman wariyar launin fata a majalisa". Derby-Lewis an daure shi da kisan Chris Hani saboda hadahadarsa da Janusz Waluś don kashe manyan mambobin kungiyar yaki da wariyar launin fata, da kuma samar da bindigar hannu da aka yi amfani da ita wajen kashe Chris Hani. An yi imanin cewa dalilin da ya sa ya shigar da shi yana da nasaba da takaran siyasa tsakanin jam'iyyar ANC da jam'iyyar National Party da ake sa ran za su kasance jam'iyyu masu rinjaye a lokacin da ake sake fasalin dimokuradiyyar Afirka ta Kudu a lokacin zaben da ake shirin yi a shekarar 1994.,

 ] A cikin 1997 Waluś da Derby-Lewis sun nemi a yi musu afuwa ga hukumar gaskiya da sasantawa bisa hujjar cewa ayyukansu na siyasa ne, kuma kisan gillar ya samo asali ne sakamakon umarnin jam'iyyar Conservative. George Bizos ne ya wakilci dangin Hani a cikin shari'ar da ta gudana daga ranar 24 zuwa 27 ga Nuwamba 1997. A duk zaman sauraren kararsu da yawa an samu sabani game da hanyoyin da kwadaitarwa kamar yadda Derby-Lewis da Waluś suka fada. Hukumar ta musanta ikirarin da dukkan wadanda aka yanke wa hukuncin suka yi.

Kotu ta ba da umarnin a saki Waluś bisa sharadin beli. Ma'aikatar Shari'a da Ayyukan Gyarawa ta shigar da kara game da hukuncin da aka yanke wa Kotun Koli ta daukaka kara a Bloemfontein. ] Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida ta nuna cewa Waluś mai yiwuwa a soke masa zama dan kasar Afirka ta Kudu. A ranar 18 ga Agusta 2017, Kotun Koli ta Ya zuwa Oktoba 2019, Waluś har yanzu yana kurkuku, duk da iƙirarin lauyansa cewa an gyara shi gaba ɗaya. ] A ranar 16 ga Maris 2020, Ministan Shari'a Ronald Lamola ya sake hana Waluś afuwa. A ranar 7 ga Disamba 2022, Ministan Shari'a Ronald Lamola ya ba Waluś afuwa a ƙarƙashin tsauraran sharuɗɗa. a cikin 2024, gwamnati ta ba da sanarwar cewa za a fitar da Waluś zuwa Poland a ranar 6 ga Disamba tare da biyan kuɗin da gwamnatin Poland ke yi.

## Manazarta