Taron Canjin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2013

An gudanar da **taron canjin yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya**, COP19 ko CMP9 a Warsaw, Poland daga 11 zuwa 23 ga Nuwamba 2013. Wannan shi ne zaman shekara-shekara na 19 na Taron Jam'iyyun (COP 19) zuwa Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 1992 kan Canjin Yanayi (UNFCCC) da kuma zaman 9 na Taron Kasashe (CMP 9) zuwa Yarjejeniya ta Kyoto ta 1997. Wakilan taron suna ci gaba da tattaunawar zuwa yarjejeniyar yanayi ta duniya. Babban Sakataren UNFCCC Christiana Figueres da Ministan Muhalli na Poland Marcin Korolec sun jagoranci tattaunawar.

Taron ya haifar da yarjejeniya cewa dukkan jihohi za su fara rage hayaki da wuri-wuri, amma mafi kyau a farkon kwata na 2015. An kirkiro kalmar Intended Nationally Determined Contributions a Warsaw a kan wani tsari daga Singapore. An kuma gabatar da Tsarin Duniya na Warsaw. 

Yawancin yarjejeniyoyi na farko da na ainihi sun kasance a kan gaba a tattaunawar, gami da: ƙididdigar da ba a yi amfani da ita ba daga matakin farko na Yarjejeniyar Kyoto, ingantawa ga hanyoyin aiki da yawa na UNFCCC, da kuma inganta ma'auni, rahoto, da tabbatar da hayakin gas (GHGs).  Wakilan za su mai da hankali kan yanayin da zai yiwu na yarjejeniyar Canjin yanayi ta duniya da ake sa ran za a tabbatar da ita a shekarar 2015 a taron Paris.

## Wurin da kuma shiga

Wurin tattaunawar UNFCCC ana juyawa ta yankuna a duk faɗin ƙasashen Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. A cikin 2013 an zaɓi Warsaw, babban birni kuma birni mafi girma a Poland, don wakiltar Kungiyar Gabashin Turai a cikin Shugabancin COP 19.

Zaɓin Poland ya soki ta ƙungiyoyin muhalli, gami da Greenpeace, saboda rashin sadaukarwar ƙasar don rage amfani da man fetur da haɓaka amfani da makamashi mai sabuntawa. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2013, kashi 88% na wutar lantarki ta Poland ta samo asali ne daga kwal, idan aka kwatanta da matsakaicin duniya na kashi 68% na wutar wuta daga burbushin burbushin halittu. Jami'anta suna hana shawarwarin EU don yin aiki yadda ya kamata game da dumamar yanayi. A yau, wutar lantarki ta Poland kusan kashi 71% ta samo asali ne daga kwal. A cikin shekara ta 2011, Poland ta yi adawa da sauran Kasashen membobin EU, ta hanyar toshe shirin fitar da hayaki na shekara ta 2050. Bugu da kari, ministan muhalli, kuma shugaban taron, Marcin Korolec, ya ce yana da shakku game da dabarun EU na jagorantar misali.

Fiye da mahalarta 10,000 daga kasashe 189 sun yi rajista don halartar taron, amma ministoci 134 ne kawai suka sanar da shiga. Kasashe hudu da ke cikin wadanda suka fi fuskantar sauyin yanayi sun kasance wakilan shugaban su ko Firayim Minista: Tuvalu, Nauru, Habasha da Tanzania. Firayim Ministan Poland Donald Tusk ya kori Korolec a maimakon wani dan siyasa wanda zai iya isar da "hanzarin ayyukan iskar gas" a kasar. Koyaya, ya ce Korolec zai kasance mai ba da izini ga gwamnati don taron.

## Tattaunawa
Babban burin taron shine rage hayakin gas (GHGs) don iyakance karuwar zafin jiki na duniya zuwa digiri 2 na Celsius sama da matakan yanzu. A cewar Babban Sakataren UNFCCC, Christiana Figueres,

: "Gas din gas na duniya yana buƙatar kaiwa ga wannan shekaru goma, kuma ya kai ga fitar da iska ta hanyar rabi na biyu na wannan karni... Gwamnatocin ƙasa suna buƙatar yin aiki don rage tasirin ga jama'arsu da tabbatar da ci gaba mai ɗorewa a cikin tsararraki. Kasuwanci masu zaman kansu suna buƙatar yin amfani da rage Hadarin yanayi da kuma kama damar. Kuma tsarin duniya dole ne ya ci gaba yanzu don gina tushe don yarjejeniyar canjin yanayi na duniya a cikin 2015, "

Makamashi mai tsabta, kuma musamman canja wurin kuɗi da fasaha na sabuntawa a kasashe masu tasowa, zai kasance da mahimmanci a lokacin taron. Ministan muhalli na Indiya ya bayyana kafin tattaunawar cewa,

"Babban abin da zai zama kudaden yanayi da kuma ƙaddamar da Asusun Green Climate (GCF), wanda bai faru ba kwata-kwata... Kasashe masu tasowa da suka yi alkawari a baya yanzu sun fara magana game da wasu hanyoyin samar da kudade - yayin da a ra'ayinmu waɗannan alkawura ne na jam'iyyun zuwa COP. "

Bugu da kari, kungiyar G77 da China sun gudanar da taron manema labarai don tattauna yunkurin da suka yi game da muhimmiyar batun asarar da lalacewar da suka shafi canjin yanayi. Suna son ci gaba da hadin kai tare da wasu kungiyoyi kamar Kasashen da ba su da ci gaba da kuma Ƙungiyar Afirka. A halin yanzu, Hedegaard ya watsar da shawarar da Brazil ta yi wa Kwamitin Tsakanin Yanayi don ƙididdige hayaki na tarihi, yana mai lura da cewa kasashe masu arziki suna adawa da shi saboda yiwuwar tasirin kudi. Ta yarda cewa kasashe masu tasowa suna da alhakin fitar da hayaki. Harjeet Singh daga ActionAid International ya soki kasashe masu arziki, yana mai cewa suna watsi da tasirin yanayi mai tsanani a kan kasashe masu talauci da kuma hana tattaunawar da ke da niyyar magance sababbin nau'ikan asarar da lalacewa, kamar hauhawar matakan teku da asarar halittu 

## Manazarta