Marshall Ayres Jr.

**Marshall Ayres Jr.** (1839–1906) ɗan ƙasar Amurka ne mai ba da kuɗi a masana'antu.

## Rayuwa ta sirri

An haifi Marshall Ayres Jr. a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu , a Griggsville, Illinois, ga mahaifin Marshall Ayres da mahaifiyarsa Hannah (Lombard) Ayers, waɗanda suka fito daga Truro, Massachusetts, a Cape Cod . Kakanninsu sun zo ne a *Mayflower*, kuma mahaifin Ayres, Marshall, yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka fara zama a Griggsville, ya ƙaura zuwa can a 1821. Marshall Jr., ya girma a Griggsville kuma wani wanda ya kammala karatunsa a Harvard ya yi masa karatu a gida. Ya fara tafiya zuwa Chicago don yin aiki a banki. Yana da shekaru 16, a 1855, sannan kuma a 1857, ya tafi makarantar shirya Boston, William Brooks. Shekararsa ta ƙarshe kafin shiga kwaleji, ya yi karatun gida tare da ɗan uwansa kuma abokin kasuwancinsa na gaba, Josiah Lombard, wanda ya kammala karatunsa a Yale, Rev. Henry M. Tupper. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 21, ya fahimci muhimmancin samun ilimi mai kyau, kuma ya tafi Boston a shekarar 1860 don halartar Jami'ar Harvard, inda ya kammala karatunsa da girmamawa a shekarar 1863.  Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya koma Chicago na tsawon shekaru huɗu masu zuwa, inda ya haɗu da matar da zai aura.

A ranar 11 ga Yuni, 1868, a wani bikin aure a Chicago, Ayres, mai shekaru 29, ta auri Louise Adelaide Sanderson, mai shekaru 23 (1845–1886), 'yar Levi Sanderson, wacce ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Galesburg, Illinois .  Bayan bikin auren, su biyun sun nufi birnin New York don fara iyali.

Louise da Marshall Jr. suna da 'ya'ya mata huɗu: Mary, wadda aka haifa shekara ɗaya kacal bayan sun yi aure, Winnifred, Marjorie, da Mildred. Ɗansu tilo, Charles, ya mutu yana da shekara ɗaya. Louise ta mutu a ranar 2 ga Agusta, 1886, tana da shekara 38, wanda ya bar Marshall ta haifi 'ya'ya mata biyu 'yan shekara goma sha biyu da shida kacal. 

Shekaru biyu kacal bayan haka, a ranar 30 ga Oktoba, 1889, Ayres ya auri wata yarinya 'yar shekara ashirin da haihuwa, Frances Hastings Nobel (1852–1915) daga Provincetown, Massachusetts, 'yar Rev. Edward Wolcott Noble na Cambridge . Tare suka fara tafiya mai tsawo na tsawon watanni tara a Turai, suna ziyartar Faransa, Italiya, Switzerland, Jamus, Ingila da Scotland .

A shekara ta 1900, yana da shekaru 61, Ayres ya yi ritaya zuwa gabar tafkin Sunapee, a Newbury, New Hampshire . Ya mutu sakamakon ciwon zuciya a ranar 12 ga Agusta, 1906, a garin Newbury. 

'Ya'yansa mata na biyu cikin huɗu, Winifred Ayres, sun auri sanannen lauyan New York Theodore S. Hope .

## Kasuwanci

Bayan kammala karatunsa, Ayres ya tafi New York a matsayin mai ba da kuɗi a masana'antar mai . A shekara ta 1869, ya yi haɗin gwiwa da ɗan'uwa, abokinsa, kuma abokin ajinsa Josiah Lombard don ƙirƙirar Lombard, Stevens & Co., sannan Lombard & Ayres, sannan kuma a ƙarshe Lombard, Ayres & Company . Iyalan biyu sun riga sun kasance abokan hulɗa na kasuwanci masu nasara a Illinois tare da Ayres & Lombard Bank & Store, da kuma jirgin ruwa mai tururi mai suna *Prairie State* .  Wannan, a lokacin, shine kawai kamfanin zuba jari na mai da ya yi fice a kan babban Kamfanin Man Fetur na Standard . Daga nan Lombard, Ayers & Co. suka haɗu da Kamfanin Man Fetur na Tide Water, wanda daga baya ya zama wani ɓangare na ExxonMobil .  Lombard, Ayers & Co. sun sami nasara sosai, kuma abokan hulɗar biyu suka zama masu arziki sosai.

A shekarar 1887, sun gina 20,000 square feet (1,900 m2) gidan hutu na kamfani Villa Maria Water Mill, Long Island, inda iyalai biyu za su iya hutawa don lokacin bazara, amma matar Ayres Louise ta mutu a watan Satumba kuma ba ta taɓa jin daɗinsa ba.

A shekara ta 1888, Lombard, Ayers & Co. sun zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka haɗa kamfanin Tide Water Oil Company, wanda shi ma ya mamaye ƙananan gidaje uku na mai. A shekara ta 1889 aka sayar da kamfanin ga Tide Water Oil Co.

Tsawon shekaru 6 masu zuwa, Ayres ya zama Mataimakin Shugaban Ƙasa kuma manajan New York na Kamfanin Elwell Mercantile wanda galibi yake gudanar da kasuwanci a Santiago de Cuba . 

A shekarar 1891, kamfanin Lombard & Ayres ya kai darajar dala miliyan 1,250,000 kuma ya mallaki Kamfanin Katako na Seaboard, kuma manyan masu fitar da mai ne zuwa Mexico inda suke da matatun mai a Veracruz da San Luis Potosí .

A shekarar 1893, Lombard & Ayres sun ci gaba da aiki a matsayin kamfani daban a ƙarƙashin Kamfanin Man Fetur na Tide Water, kuma sun canja tsarinsu daga kamfani zuwa haɗin gwiwa . 

A shekarar 1894, kamfanin Lombard & Ayres ya kai darajar dala miliyan 1,000,000, domin yawancin dukiyarsa an ajiye ta ne a Bankin Phenix na Ƙasa da ke Landan, inda Lombard yake Darakta. Kamfanin ya kuma mallaki Kamfanin Steamship na New York, Mobile, da Mexican, da kuma ƙaramin layi a Alabama mai suna Seaboard Railway Company. 

A cewar labarin jaridar *[[New York Times]]* a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 1895, an naɗa Att. Randoph Parmly na 160 Broadway St. da ke New York a matsayin mai karɓar kuɗi. Kamfanin lauyoyi Marsten & Nichols ne ke kula da cinikin, yayin da Josiah Lombard da Marshall Ayres ke cikin takaddamar kasuwanci mai "abokantaka" kan harkokin gudanarwa na kamfanoni daban-daban. A lokacin, kadarorin kamfanin ba su kai dala miliyan ɗaya ba, tare da bashin da ya kai dala $200,000. Babban takaddamar ta kasance kan mallakar Kamfanin Katako na Seaboard wanda ya kai kimanin dala $500,000.

## Shekarun da suka biyo baya
An binne Ayres a Makabartar Woodland, Bronx, New York, tare da abokin kasuwancinsa kuma ɗan uwansa Josiah Lombard Jr.

Lombard ya karanta wannan a taronsu na 50 a Harvard a ranar 26 ga Yuni, 1907: "Ya mutu yayin da yake raye, duk wanda ya san shi yana ƙauna kuma yana girmama shi." 

## Manazarta