Iqbal Masih

**Iqbal Masih** (Urdu, Punjabi; 1 ga Janairun 1983 - 16 ga Afrilu 1995) ya kasance ma'aikin yara Kirista na Pakistan kuma mai fafutuka wanda ya yi yaƙi da cin zarafin yara a Pakistan .

An kashe shi a ranar 16 ga Afrilu 1995. A ranar 23 ga Maris 2022 (Ranar Pakistan), gwamnatin Pakistan ta ba shi lambar yabo ta Tamgha-e-Shujaat bayan mutuwarsa. 

## Tarihin iyali da aiki mai haɗin kai
An haifi Iqbal Masih a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1983 a Muridke, wani kauye a wajen Lahore a Punjab, Pakistan, a cikin iyalin Kirista na Katolika. Iyayensa sune Saif Masih, ma'aikaci, da Inayat Bibi, wanda ke aiki a matsayin mai tsabtace gida. Saif daga baya ya watsar da iyalin, ya bar Inayat ya yi aiki kuma 'yan uwan Iqbal su kula da shi da' yan uwansa.

A shekara ta 1986, Saif Masih ya auri daya daga cikin 'ya'yansa maza amma ba shi da ajiya kuma bai iya tallafawa wannan ba: bankunan ba za su ba da rance ba yayin da shirye-shiryen taimakon gwamnati ba su da yawa. Ya ɗauki rancen rupees 600 daga  (mai mallakar masana'antar kafet), ta amfani da kawai tabbacin da yake da shi, 'ya'yansa. Za a biya rancen ta hanyar aikin Iqbal mai shekaru hudu, kuma ya haɗa da riba da kudade da ba a bayyana ba, ma'aikatar da aka sani da . Saboda haramtacciyar sayar da yara, ma'amala ta kasance ba ta da kyau, tana bawa mai ba da rance damar ƙara kudade na son rai ga rance ba tare da kulawa ba.

Kudin sun hada da kudin shekara guda na horo (a lokacin da ba za a biya Iqbal ba), kayan aiki, abinci da tarar duk wani kuskuren da Iqbal zai yi. An biya shi 1 rupee a rana. Saboda babban riba wanda aka karɓi rancen, ya tsaya a rupees 13,000 kafin ya tsere.

A wurin mai yin kafet, an ɗaure Iqbal a kan ma'auni kuma an sanya shi ya yi aiki har zuwa awanni 14 a rana. An ciyar da shi kadan kuma an doke shi, fiye da sauran yara saboda yunkurin da ya yi na tserewa da kuma ki yin aiki. Wadannan yanayi sun hana ci gabansa; yana da tsawo da nauyi na ɗan shekara 6 lokacin da yake da shekaru 12.

Da yake bayyana asalin ma'aikatan da aka ɗaure a Pakistan, Farfesa na Amurka C. Christine Fair ya bayyana cewa "Yawancin Kiristoci a Punjab da Sindh, musamman, sun makale a cikin aiki mai ɗaure ko bautar da aka ɗauke su a cikin aiki kamar murhun tubali da kafet-waƙaƙa. Kimanin kashi 80% na ma'aikatan tubali a wasu yankuna Krista ne da ke aiki don biyan bashin iyali tun da aka biya su da daɗewa, duk da haka waɗanda ba su ba su da ilimi kuma ba su da ikon yin wani abu game da yanayinsu. Matsalolin da Iqbal na duniya na kisan Kirista na 1995

## Tserewa da fafutuka
A lokacin da yake da shekaru 10, Iqbal ya tsere wa bautarsa, bayan ya san cewa Kotun Koli ta Pakistan ta ayyana aikin da aka ɗaure ba bisa ka'ida ba. Ya tsere kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya kai rahoton ma'aikatarsa Ashad ga 'yan sanda, amma' yan sanda sun dawo da shi masana'antar neman kuɗin mai ganowa don dawo da ma'aikatan da suka tsere. Iqbal ya tsere a karo na biyu kuma ya halarci makarantar Bonded Labour Liberation Front (BLLF) don tsoffin yara bayi kuma da sauri ya kammala karatun shekaru hudu a cikin shekaru biyu kawai. Iqbal ya taimaka wa yara 'yan Pakistan sama da 3,000 da ke cikin aikin aiki ya tsere zuwa' yanci kuma ya yi jawabai game da aikin yara a duk duniya.

Ya nuna sha'awar zama lauya don ya fi dacewa da shi ga ma'aikata masu zaman kansu, kuma ya ziyarci wasu ƙasashe, ciki har da Sweden da Amurka, don raba labarinsa, yana ƙarfafa wasu su shiga cikin yaki don kawar da bautar yara.

A shekara ta 1994 ya sami lambar yabo ta Reebok Human Rights a Boston, kuma a cikin jawabinsa na karɓa ya ce: "Ni ɗaya daga cikin miliyoyin yara da ke shan wahala a Pakistan ta hanyar aiki da aiki na yara, amma ina da sa'a cewa saboda kokarin da aka yi na Bonded Labour Liberation Front, ina fita cikin 'yanci ina tsaye a gabanka a yau. Bayan 'yanci, na shiga makarantar BLLF kuma ina karatu a wannan makarantar. A gare mu yara, Ehsan Ullah Khan da BLLF sun yi aiki iri ɗaya da Lincoln 'yanci a yau' yanci ne kuma' yanci

## Mutuwa

"Mafia na kafet" ne suka harbe Iqbal, ƙungiyar da ta kashe bayi idan sun gudu daga masana'antar kafet, yayin da suke ziyartar dangi a Muridke a ranar 16 ga Afrilu 1995, Easter Sunday. Yana da shekaru 12 kawai. Kimanin masu makoki 800 ne suka halarci jana'izarsa. Wani zanga-zangar mutane 3,000, rabin su kasa da shekaru 12, ya faru a Lahore yana neman kawo karshen aikin yara a cikin makon da ya biyo baya.

Mahaifiyarsa ta ce ba ta yi imani da cewa ɗanta ya kasance wanda aka azabtar da shi ta hanyar makircin "mafia". Koyaya, BLLF ba ta yarda ba saboda Iqbal ya sami barazanar mutuwa daga mutanen da ke da alaƙa da masana'antar kafet ta Pakistan,  mafi kwanan nan daga cikinsu makonni biyu ne kafin mutuwarsa. 

Bayan mutuwarsa, manyan ma'aikatan tattalin arziki na Pakistan sun amsa ga raguwar tallace-tallace ta hanyar musanta cewa suna amfani da aikin yara a cikin masana'antun su da kuma amfani da Hukumar Bincike ta Tarayya (FIA) don tayar da hankali da kuma kama masu gwagwarmayar da ke aiki da BLLF. 'Yan jaridar Pakistan sun gudanar da kamfen din lalata a kan BLLF, suna jayayya cewa ma'aikatan yara suna karɓar albashi mai yawa da yanayin aiki mai kyau.

## Manazarta