Hukuncin kisa a Belarus

Belarus ita ce kadai kasar a Turai da ke ci gaba da aiwatar da hukuncin kisa. Ya zuwa farkon 2025, hukuncin kisa ya kasance hukuncin shari'a, tare da akalla kisa daya da aka tabbatar a 2022 da kuma hukuncin kisa da aka bayar a 2024.  Hukuncin kisa ya kasance wani ɓangare na tsarin shari'ar Belarus tun lokacin da ta sami 'yancin kai daga Tarayyar Soviet a ranar 25 ga Agusta, 1991.

Tsarin mulki na yanzu ya ba da izinin hukuncin kisa ga "musamman manyan laifuka". An faɗaɗa jerin laifuka na babban birnin a cikin 2023 don haɗawa da babban cin amana.

Wani raba gardama na shekara ta 1996 game da batun ya ga kashi 80.44% na masu jefa kuri'a sun goyi bayan riƙe hukuncin; Gwamnatin Belarus saboda haka ta yi jayayya cewa za a iya soke hukuncin kisa ne kawai ta hanyar wani zabe na kasa. Ci gaba da amfani da shi ya jawo zargi mai yawa daga kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, gami da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, wanda ke sukar aikin da kansa da hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su. Amfani da hukuncin kisa yana daya daga cikin manyan dalilan da ya sa aka cire Belarus daga Majalisar Turai.

## Tarihi
Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Belarus, a matsayin jihar Belarus ta farko, ba ta da tsawo sosai don kafa tsarin shari'a, kuma ta haka ne, ba ta riƙe takamaiman matsayi na shari'a game da hukuncin kisa.

### Belarus SSR
Har zuwa 1928, Belarus ta yi aiki a ƙarƙashin doka Rasha. Lokacin da Belarus ta kafa dokar aikata laifuka ta kanta a 1928, ta gabatar da hukuncin kisa ga laifuka 38. Abu mai mahimmanci, wannan lambar ta bayyana hukuncin kisa a matsayin mataki na wucin gadi. Daga cikin wadannan laifuka 38, biyu ne kawai laifuka a kan mutane: fashi da makami da kisan kai da wani soja ya aikata. An yi ban da hukuncin kisa ga mata masu juna biyu da mutane a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18. Dokar 1935, wacce ta yi tasiri har zuwa 1959, ta rage iyakar shekaru don kisa zuwa 12.

A lokacin Babban Purge, tsakanin 1935 da 1940, an kashe mutane sama da 35,000 a Belarus,  ciki har da mambobi 370 na masu ilimi.  Bugu da ƙari, kimanin mutane 10,000 zuwa 15,000 ne NKVD ta kashe su a cikin kurkuku da ke cikin yankunan da aka haɗa bayan 1939. 

A shekara ta 1947, an fara soke hukuncin kisa,  kawai don sake gabatar da shi a 1950 don 'yan leƙen asiri da masu cin amana,  sannan a 1954 don mummunan kisan kai.  An karɓi dokar aikata laifuka ta Belarus ta 1960. A shekara ta 1962, an tsawaita hukuncin kisa zuwa cin hanci,  kuma a shekarar 1965, Presidium ta ba da izinin yin amfani da shi ga masu aikata laifukan yaki.  Gyaran da suka biyo baya ga lambar sun ci gaba da fadada jerin laifukan babban birnin, gami da, alal misali, hasashen kuɗi.

Wani shari'ar da aka yi a shekarar 1987 ya shafi wani mutum da aka yanke masa hukuncin kisa wanda daga baya aka wanke shi bayan ya kwashe kusan shekaru 15 a kurkuku. Bugu da ƙari, an kashe wani mutum marar laifi kafin a kama ainihin mai aikata laifin.

### Jamhuriyar Belarus
Bayan samun 'yancin kai, Belarus ta fara iyakance amfani da hukuncin kisa. A shekara ta 1993, an rage jerin laifukan kisa ta hanyar kawar da laifukan tattalin arziki daga zama mai azabtarwa da mutuwa. An gabatar da cirewa daga hukuncin kisa ga mata a shekara ta 1994, sannan mutane sama da shekaru 65 suka biyo baya a shekara ta 2001. A shekara ta 1997, an gabatar da ɗaurin rai da rai a matsayin madadin azabtarwa. Koyaya, dokar Shugaban kasa a wannan shekarar ta faɗaɗa jerin laifukan babban birnin don haɗawa da ta'addanci.

## Manazarta