Rachel Elior

**Rachel Elior**(an haife ta ashirin da takwas (28) ga watan Disamba shekarar alif dari tara arba'in da tara 1949), farfesa ce ta Isra'ila a falsafar Yahudawa a Jami'ar Ibrananci ta Urushalima a Urushalima,Isra'ila.Manyan batutuwan bincikenta sune Hasidism da tarihin sufancin Yahudawa na farko.

## Aikin ilimi
Elior ita ce John da Golda Cohen Farfesa na Falsafar Yahudawa da Tunanin Sufanci na Yahudawa a Jami'ar Ibrananci,inda ta koyar tun 1978.A halin yanzu ita ce shugabar Sashen Tunanin Yahudawa.Ta sami PhD *Summa cum laude* a 1976. Kwarewarta sune Sufancin Yahudawa na farko,Littattafan Tekun Matattu, Littattafan Hekhalot,Almasihu, Sabbatianism,Hasidism,Chabad,  Frankism da kuma rawar mata a al'adun Yahudawa.

Ta kasance malami mai ziyara a Jami'ar Princeton,UCL,Jami'ar Yeshiva,Jami'ar Tokyo,Jami'ar Doshisha a Kyoto,Case Western Reserve University￼￼.a Cleveland,a Jami'ar Chicago da Jami'ar Michigan-Ann Arbor .

Ita mamba ce a kwamitin majalisar kasa da kasa na Asusun Sabon Isra'ila .

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa
A cikin 2006,Elior ya sami lambar yabo ta Gershom Scholem don Bincike a Kabbalah daga Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya da Bil'adama ta Isra'ila.

## Suka da jayayya
 
A fannin ƙwarenta na farko,Hasidism, Yohanan Petrovsky-Shtern,Farfesa a Arewa maso Yamma,ya ce"Elior yana amfani da wani tsohon ra'ayi na motsi [hasidic]don tabbatar da labarinta.Ta bar ra'ayi,ra'ayoyi,fahimta

da bayanan da masana suka tattara waɗanda suka daɗe sun rabu da tsarin tunanin Dinur ko Scholem."Kuma cewa Elior,da sauransu,"ya kamata ya sake duba tsarin ra'ayi na[marubuta na farko na labarun hasidic'],wanda kafofin suka kasance tare a cikin yanayin da ba na zamani ba kuma suna magana da juna cikin yardar kaina,a matsayin ra'ayoyi a cikin duniyar Platonic."

### Rubutun Tekun Matattu
Ka'idarta ta tushen sufanci a cikin ajin firist ta fuskanci kalubale daga Prof. Yehuda Liebes na Jami'ar Ibrananci, kuma fahimtarta game da tsohuwar kalandar Sacha Stern ta ƙi.Eibert Tigchelaar ta lura cewa misalan nata suna da"rashin ƙayyadaddun tarihi waɗanda ke da damuwa da takaici."Yusuf Dan ya kare ta.Farfesan Princeton Peter Schaefer ya ce ta ɓata bambance-bambance tsakanin rubutu da lokuta,kuma ba ta kula da mahimman abubuwan da ke faruwa.Ya kuma lura cewa ra’ayinta game da mala’iku a Qumran da kalandar ba daidai ba ne.Farfesa Martha Himmelfarb ta ga aikin Elior"ba zai yuwu ba".Himmelfarb ya ce Elior ya ƙirƙira hanyoyin haɗin kai, alaƙar tarihi ba tare da tushe ba,kuma yana ganin abubuwan da kawai"ba a can." 

Elior yayi iƙirarin cewa Essenes, waɗanda ake zaton marubutan Littafin Tekun Matattu ba su taɓa wanzuwa ba.Ta yi jayayya(kamar yadda Lawrence Schiffman,Moshe Goshen-Gottstein,Chaim Menachem Rabin,da sauransu suka yi) cewa Essene da gaske ’ya’yan Zadok ne masu tawaye,wani rukunin firist da sarakunan Girka suka kore daga Haikali na Urushalima a ƙarni na biyu BC.Ta yi zato cewa an ɗauke littattafan da aka kore su."A Qumran,an sami ragowar babban ɗakin karatu,"in ji Elior,tare da wasu nassosin Ibrananci na farko tun daga ƙarni na 2 BC.Har sai an gano Littafin naɗaɗɗen Tekun Matattu,farkon sanannen sigar Tsohon Alkawari tun daga ƙarni na 9 AD.“Littattafai sun tabbatar da gadon firistoci na Littafi Mai Tsarki,”in ji Elior,wanda ya yi hasashen cewa an ɓoye littattafan a Qumran don adanawa.

James Charlesworth,darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Tauhidin Tekun Matattu kuma farfesa a Makarantar tauhidin tauhidin Princeton,ya ce akwai"babban shaida game da wanzuwar Essenes"kuma"Ba shi yiwuwa Josephus ya kirkiro ƙungiyar da Philo ya riga ya ambata,wanda ya ziyarci Urushalima."Farfesa Martha Himmelfarb, farfesa a addinin Princeton,ta ce ba ta tunanin aikin Elior ya kasance kamar "sanarwa ta tarihi"kamar yadda sauran bincike kan Littattafai,tana mai cewa,"[Elior] ba ya son yin amfani da tarihin tarihi wanda aikin sauran malamai ke yi."  -->

## Duba kuma

* Moshe Idel
* Ada Rapoport-Albert

## Nassoshi

## Littafi Mai Tsarki

* *Isra'ila Ba'al Shem Tov da mutanen zamaninsa*,Kabbalists,Sabbatians, Hasidim da Mithnagdim, Urushalima Karmel Publication House 2014
* *Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwa da Mantuwa:Sirrin Rubuce-rubucen Tekun Matattu,*Cibiyar Van Leer da Hakibutz haMeuchad,2009
* *Dybbuk da matan Yahudawa*, Urushalima da New York,Urim Publications,2008
* 
* 
* *Littattafan Heikhalot da Al'adar Merkavah Tsohuwar Sufancin Yahudawa da Tushensa*,Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronot;Sifrei Hemed:2004 (Ibrananci) 
* 
* *Herut al Haluhot-Nazari a cikin Tushen Sufi na Hasidism*,Tel Aviv: Jami'ar Cast mai Yadawa: Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Press 1999.
* *Paneiah ha-Shonot shel ha-Herut -Iyunim be-Mistika Yehudit*(Alpayim 15,Am Oved 1998)
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* *Torat HaElohut BaDor haSheni shel Hasidut Habad*,Jerusalem:Jami'ar Hebrew:Magnes Press 1982 (Ibrananci)
* *Heikhalot Zutarti:Rubutun Sufi na Farko na Lokacin Talmudic Mishnaic*, Urushalima:Jami'ar Ibrananci: Magnes Press 1982(Ibrananci)
* *Galia Raza:Rubutun Kabbalistic na Karni na 16*,Urushalima:Jami'ar Ibrananci 1981(Ibrananci)
* Judah Liebes,"Yaran Rana vs.Yaran wata"Haaretz 4/6/2003
* Sacha Stern,"Rachel Elior akan Kalandar Yahudawa na Tsohuwa: Ƙwarai"*Aleph:Nazarin Tarihi a Kimiyya da Yahudanci*-Volume 5, 2005,shafi.&nbsp;287-292
* Peter Schaffer,Critical edition na Heikhalot Zutarti,Tarbiz 54 (1985)Ibrananci,nazari mai mahimmanci na aikinta
* David Tamar,Mahimman bita na bugunta na Galia Razia Nazarin Jerusalem a Tunanin Yahudawa 2 Ibrananci(1983)

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Shafin Facebook
* Prof. Shafin gidan Elior a Jami'ar Hebrew
* Asalin Rubutun Tekun Matattu ya haifar da muhawara 
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