Nazir Afzal

**Nazir Afzal OBE** (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1962 lauya ne ɗan ƙasar Birtaniya kuma tsohon mai gabatar da ƙara a Hukumar Kula da Masu Laifuka ta Masarautar (CPS).

Afzal ya shafe mafi yawan aikinsa a CPS, inda ya zama Babban Mai Gabatar da Kara na Arewacin Yammacin Ingila a shekarar 2011, matsayin da ya riƙe har zuwa lokacin da ya bar CPS a shekarar 2015.[4][5][6] A watan Afrilun 2016, an naɗa shi babban jami'i na Ƙungiyar 'Yan Sanda da Kwamishinonin Laifuka; ya yi murabus nan take bayan harin bam na Manchester Arena a watan Mayun 2017 domin ya iya yin tsokaci game da harin.[7][8][9] An naɗa shi shugaban jami'ar jami'ar Manchester a shekarar 2022, inda ya maye gurbin Lemn Sissay a ranar 1 ga Agusta.[10]

A watan Oktoban 2017, ya zama memba na Kwamitin Koke-koke na Ƙungiyar Kula da Ka'idojin 'Yan Jarida Mai Zaman Kanta (IPSO).[11][12] A shekarar 2018, ya zama Shugaban Hukumar Gudanarwa a Kwalejin Hopwood Hall da ke Rochdale, Greater Manchester.[13][14]

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Afzal a Birmingham, iyayensa sun yi ƙaura daga Pakistan. Mahaifinsa da iyalan mahaifinsa sun yi aiki tsawon tsararraki wajen kula da Sojojin Burtaniya kuma an kashe ɗaya daga cikin danginsa a hannun Rundunar 'Yan Republican ta Ireland (IRA) a Arewacin Ireland a lokacin Matsalolin.[15] Ɗaya daga cikin yara bakwai, iyalinsa 'yan ƙabilar Pashtun ne.[3]

Ya girma a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan'uwa bakwai a cikin wani gida mai hawa biyu a Small Heath.[16] An zalunce shi kuma an zalunce shi da launin fata a lokacin yarintarsa; waɗanda ke kewaye da shi ba su ga amfanin kai rahoton abubuwan da suka faru ga 'yan sanda ba.[16] Bayan wani hari da aka kai masa na wariyar launin fata, yana ɗan shekara 13, mahaifinsa ya gaya masa "'Yan sanda ba sa sha'awarka [...] babu adalci". Afzal ya bayyana cewa da wannan lamarin ne aka fahimci cewa wariyar launin fata "ba wani abu ne da dole ne in jure ba. Kuma tabbas ba zan yi sauran rayuwata ina guje wa masu cin zarafi ba".[17]

Afzal ya sami digirinsa na shari'a daga Jami'ar Birmingham kafin ya halarci Kwalejin Shari'a da ke Guildford, inda ya fara sha'awarsa ga dokar laifuka.[18]

Sana'a

## Farkon aikinsa
Afzal ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya a Birmingham daga 1988 har zuwa Landan a 1991, inda ya zama Babban Lauyan Karamar Hukuma.

Karo na farko da daya daga cikin shari'o'in Afzal ya isa labaran kasa shine a watan Agusta na 1992, lokacin da wadanda suka aikata laifin suka kasance ma'aikatan babban kanti guda biyu wadanda, bayan tafiyar aiki zuwa bakin teku, suka yi jima'i a cikin jirgin kasa mai cunkoso zuwa Landan, sannan suka kunna sigari a cikin motar da ba a shan taba ba. Afzal ya yi nasarar gurfanar da su a gaban kuliya saboda aikata wani abu mara kyau da kuma shan taba inda ba a ba shi izinin yin hakan ba.[19][20] Wani masanin kimiyya na Amurka ya ambaci wannan shari'ar a kokarin fahimtar al'adar Birtaniya ta dabara.[21]

Wani babban shari'a da aka yi masa a farkon aikinsa shi ne na kisan gillar da aka yi wa Colin Ireland.[22][23]

A shekara ta 2001, ya zama mutum mafi ƙanƙanta, kuma Musulmi na farko, da aka naɗa a matsayin mataimakin Babban Mai Gabatar da Kara.[24]

## Babban Mai Gabatar da Kara
A shekara ta 2011, an naɗa shi Babban Mai Gabatar da Kara na Arewa maso Yamma wanda ya shafi Greater Manchester, Cumbria da Lancashire. A wannan lokacin a cikin aikinsa, ya bayyana karara cewa masu gabatar da kara mutane ne kuma ya kamata su kasance suna mu'amala da mutane, suna bayyana kansu ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai."[16] A matsayinsa na ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gabatar da kara 13 da ke kula da Ingila da Wales, shi ne ke da alhakin gurfanar da mutane sama da 100,000 a shekara kuma yana kula da lauyoyi da masu taimaka musu 800.[3][25]

Afzal yana jawabi ga ɗaliban lauyoyi a Jami'ar Salford a 2012

Lokacin da aka ɗaukaka shi zuwa Manchester a 2011, ya fuskanci shari'o'i da dama, ɗaya da ya shafi wani mutum da aka kashe yayin da yake aikata fashi mai tsanani inda Afzal ya yanke shawarar cewa mai gidan ya yi abin da ya dace.[26] Tawagar Afzal ce ke da alhakin gurfanar da masu satar mutane a lokacin bazara cikin gaggawa,[27][28] martanin shari'a wanda wani malami ya bayyana a matsayin "firgici da mamaki".[29] Lamarin guba da aka yi a Asibitin Stepping Hill ya faru a lokacin kaka,[30] da 2011 sun ƙare da kisan gillar wani ɗalibi daga Indiya ba tare da wani dalili ba.[31] A 2012 ya An yi nasarar gurfanar da Dale Cregan a gaban kuliya, wanda aka yanke masa hukuncin kisa guda huɗu (ciki har da na 'yan sanda biyu) da kuma ƙoƙarin kisan kai guda uku, wanda aka yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai.[32][33]

## Tashin hankali, iko, da jinsi
An fi sanin Afzal da magance shari'o'in da suka shafi cin zarafin mata da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar jima'i; Jaridar New York Times ta kira shi "mai gabatar da ƙara na Burtaniya" ga waɗannan fannoni.[25] Har zuwa 2004, bai san da auren dole da laifukan girmamawa da ke faruwa a Burtaniya ba, amma wata ƙungiyar mata ta tuntuɓe shi da shaidu masu gamsarwa. Sun nemi ya yi amfani da matsayinsa don bincike, don haka ya gudanar da taro kan batutuwan kuma ya kafa rumbun adana bayanai na ƙasa, yana tattara bayanai da dama na laifukan da za su iya faruwa.[25] 2005 ya ga kisan "girmamawa" na Samaira Nazir da ɗan'uwanta da ɗan'uwanta suka yi; a matsayinta na darektan yanki na CPS,[34] Afzal ita ce ke da alhakin gurfanar da 'yan uwanta, kuma ya bayyana imanin da ya haifar da kisanta a matsayin "abin tausayi da tsufa".[35] Ya yi tunanin cewa irin waɗannan halaye na gargajiya za su mutu tare datsararrakin 'yan gudun hijira na da, amma a shekarar 2008, wanda a lokacin ne ya jagoranci CPS kan tashin hankali bisa ga girmamawa, ya fahimci cewa samari suna da irin wannan ra'ayi game da "girman iyali" da "tsarki", kuma cewa ilimi yana buƙatar farawa da yaran makarantar firamare don ƙalubalantar wannan.[36] "Na yi magana da mata Musulmi da yawa kuma zan iya gaya muku cewa babban tsoron da suke da shi ba kyamar Musulunci ko kai musu hari daga masu wariyar launin fata ko kama su bisa zargin ta'addanci ba ne. Daga cikin iyalansu ne."[37]

## Manazarta