Harshen Larabci a Isra'ila

A cikin Isra'ila, sama da kashi 20 cikin 100 na al'ummar Isra'ila na amfani da Larabci na asali, galibi Larabawa 'yan Isra'ila ne, amma kuma Yahudawan da suka shigo Isra'ila daga kasashen Larabawa . Wasu suna komawa zuwa harshen Ibrananci na zamani wanda ya shafi harshen Larabci na Levantine a matsayin " Yaren Larabci na Isra'ila" ko kuma a zahiri kamar , wani hoto na kalmomin Ibrananci  ( lit. '   ) da  ( lit. '   ).  

A cikin Larabawa Isra'ila a tsakiyar Isra'ila, yaren da ake magana da shi yana kama da Larabci na Falasdinu, yayin da Negev Bedouin a al'adance ke magana da yarensu na Larabci . Yarukan dake yankin arewacin kasar sun hade da kudancin kasar Labanon . Yawancin Yahudawan Mizrahi na ƙarni na farko da Yahudawan Maghrebi (watau waɗanda suka yi *wa* Isra'ila daga ƙasashen Larabawa ) suna iya magana da yarukan Yahudanci da Larabci, yayin da zuriyarsu da aka haifa a Isra'ila suka ɗauki Ibrananci a matsayin yaren farko (ko su kaɗai).

Kafin 1948, harsunan hukuma na wa'adin Burtaniya na Falasdinu su ne Ingilishi, Ibrananci, da Larabci. Bayan kafuwar Isra'ila a 1948, an cire Ingilishi a matsayin harshen hukuma, inda aka bar Ibrananci da Larabci a matsayin harsunan haɗin gwiwa. Dokar Kasa-Ƙasa ta 2018 ta bayyana Ibrananci a matsayin "harshen jihar" da Larabci a matsayin harshen da ke da "matsayi na musamman a cikin jihar" wanda amfani da shi "a cikin cibiyoyin gwamnati ko ta hanyar su za a kafa doka." Har ila yau, ya bayyana "wannan magana ba ta cutar da matsayin da aka ba da harshen Larabci kafin wannan doka ta fara aiki." Amfani da Larabci a cikin takardun gwamnati da kuma a fagen jama'a har yanzu yana da wajabta a ƙarƙashin dokar Isra'ila kuma Kotun Kolin Isra'ila ta tabbatar.

## Tarihi

Modern Standard Larabci (wanda kuma aka sani da Standard Larabci ko Larabci Adabi), a halin yanzu yare ne na taimako a Isra'ila kuma doka ta ba da umarnin amfani da shi akan takaddun gwamnati. Yaren Larabci da ake magana da shi galibi Larabawa ne na Isra'ila ciki har da Druze na Isra'ila, da kuma wasu yahudawan Mizrahi, musamman na manyan mutanen da suka yi hijira daga ƙasashen Larabawa . A cikin 1949, an bar Falasɗinawa 156,000  a cikin layin sojojin Isra'ila, waɗanda yawancinsu ba sa jin yaren Ibrananci. A yau yawancin Larabawa Isra'ilawa, waɗanda ke sama da kashi biyar na al'ummar Isra'ila, suna magana da Ibrananci sosai, a matsayin harshe na biyu.

Shekaru da yawa hukumomin Isra'ila sun ƙi yin amfani da Larabci, sai dai lokacin da doka ta ba da umarni a sarari (misali, a cikin faɗakarwa game da sinadarai masu haɗari), ko kuma lokacin magana ga jama'ar Larabci. Wannan ya canza bayan hukuncin Kotun Koli na Nuwamba 2000 wanda ya yanke hukuncin cewa ko da yake na biyu ga Ibrananci, amfani da Larabci ya kamata ya kasance mai yawa.  Tun daga wannan lokacin, duk alamun hanya, alamun abinci, da saƙon da gwamnati ta buga ko ta buga dole ne a fassara su zuwa Larabci na adabi, sai dai idan wata karamar hukuma ce ta wata al'umma ta ke magana da Ibrananci.

A koyaushe ana ɗaukar Larabci a matsayin halaltaccen harshe don amfani a cikin Knesset, amma da wuya membobin Knesset masu magana da Larabci suka yi amfani da wannan haƙƙin, saboda yawancin membobin Knesset ba su isa yaren Larabci ba. A shekara ta 2022, saboda irin salon da aka yi na musamman na kawancen gwamnati, shugaban jam'iyyar Larabawa Ra'am yana aiki a matsayin mai magana yayin da 'yan adawa Arab Joint List ke sukar wata doka. Wannan ya sa duk MKs na yanzu Balarabe ne, don haka Larabci kawai aka yi amfani da shi a cikin muhawarar. 

Darussan Larabci sun yadu a makarantun yaren yahudanci a aji na bakwai zuwa tara. Masu son yin hakan na iya barin ci gaba da karatun Larabci har zuwa aji sha biyu sannan su yi jarrabawar kammala karatun Larabci. Da yawan daliban da suka kammala karatun sakandare tare da kwarewar harshen Larabci ana sanya su a matsayin soja inda za su iya amfani da wannan harshe.

Darussan Larabci sun yaɗu a cikin Sojojin Isra'ila na Tsaro, inda ake buƙatar duk sojoji su koyi yadda za su lalata yiwuwar harin ta'addanci a cikin Ibrananci da Larabci. Sojojin da ake sanyawa a sassan Yammacin Kogin Jordan da kuma wadanda ke hulda da fararen hula a kullum ana tura su zuwa takaitaccen &#x5B; &#x5D; ** Larabci kuma amfani da Larabci ya yadu a duk wuraren leken asirin soja .

Ana iya haɗa al'ummar Larabawa na Isra'ila zuwa manyan gungu guda uku na yarukan Larabci. A cikin Larabawa Isra'ila a tsakiyar Isra'ila, yaren da ake magana da shi yana kama da Larabci na Falasdinu, yayin da Badawiyya a al'adance ke magana da yarensu na Larabci . Yankin arewacin kasar ya hade da Larabci na Lebanon (Larabci Levantine ta Tsakiya). Yaren Larabci na Druze, musamman a ƙauyuka, galibi ya bambanta da sauran yarukan Larabci na yankin Isra'ila. Yaren Larabci Druze yana bambanta da sauran ta hanyar riƙe sautin wayar /q/. 

Yawancin Yahudawan Mizrahi na ƙarni na farko a Isra'ila da kuma Yahudawa Sephardi na Arewacin Afirka har yanzu suna iya magana da yarukan Judeo-Larabci, yayin da zuriyarsu ta Isra'ila suka karɓi Ibrananci a matsayin yaren farko (ko su kaɗai).

## Duba kuma

* Harsuna na Isra'ila
* Larabawa 'yan Isra'ila
* Harsunan Judeo-Larabci

## Manazarta