Kate Barnard

**Catherine Ann "Kate" Barnard** (23 ga Mayu, 1875 - 23 ga Fabrairu, 1930) ita ce mace ta farko da aka zaɓa a matsayin jami'ar jiha a Oklahoma, kuma mace ta goma sha ɗaya da aka zaɓa a ofishin gwamnati na jiha a Amurka,  a 1907. Duk mata goma da aka zaɓa a baya an zaɓe su a matsayin Sufeto Janar na Koyar da Jama'a a jihohi huɗu (ND: Emma Bates da Laura Eisenhuth; ID: Mae Scott, Permeal French da Belle Chamberlain; CO; Katherine Craig, Helen Grenfell, Grace Patton, Angenette Peavey; WY: Estelle Reel). Ta yi aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan Agaji da Gyara na Oklahoma na farko na tsawon shekaru biyu, matsayi ɗaya tilo da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Oklahoma na 1907 ya ba wa mace damar riƙewa.

Kafin a zaɓe ta a matsayin mukami, Barnard ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta da kuma a matsayin malaman addini a gwamnatin yankin.  Ta kuma kasance mai matuƙar himma a ayyukan agaji.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Barnard a Geneva, Nebraska, a ranar 23 ga Mayu, 1875, ga John P. da Rachel Sheill Barnard.  Mahaifiyarta ta rasu tana da shekaru biyu kuma iyalin suna zaune a Kansas .  'Yan uwanta sun rene ta har zuwa 1891, lokacin da ta ƙaura zuwa Newalla, Oklahoma, inda mahaifinta, wanda ba shi da sana'a, ya mallaki ƙasa.  Ta zauna ita kaɗai bisa ga iƙirarin na tsawon shekaru biyu yayin da yake zaune kuma yana aiki a Oklahoma City. Ta ƙaura zuwa Oklahoma City a 1895, ta halarci St. Joseph's Academy (wata makarantar Katolika), ta sami takardar shaidar koyarwa, kuma ta koyar har zuwa 1902. 

## Aikin sadaka
Bayan ta daina koyarwa, Barnard ta ɗauki kwas ɗin kasuwanci, sannan ta zama sakatare a majalisar dokoki ta yankin Oklahoma City. A shekarar 1904, an zaɓe ta daga cikin masu neman aiki 500 don zama "mai masaukin baki na yankuna" a bikin baje kolin duniya na St. Louis. Yayin da take St. Louis, ta haɗu da Jane Addams da wasu waɗanda ke da himma a cikin ƙungiyoyin gyaran zamantakewa. Ta kuma fuskanci rayuwar talakawa a manyan birane, laifuka da sauran matsalolin zamantakewa da suka shafi ta. Tun daga lokacin, ta zama mai gyara. 

Kafin kafa jihar Oklahoma, Barnard ta kasance tana da hannu a ayyukan agaji da agaji a birnin Oklahoma kuma ita ce shugabar ƙungiyar kwadago a Oklahoma. Ta kuma halarci tarurrukan Farm-Labor na 1906 a Shawnee wanda ya tsara "Buƙatun Shawnee" wanda daga baya ya zama tushen kundin tsarin mulkin jihar Oklahoma da za a tsara nan ba da jimawa ba.

## Kwamishinan Agaji da Gyaran Gida da aka zaɓa

### Ilimi na dole, aikin yara, cin zarafin fursunoni
Bayan an zaɓe ta a matsayin Kwamishinan Agaji da Gyaran Gidaje, ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen aiwatar da dokokin ilimi na tilas, tallafin gwamnati ga zawarawa marasa galihu da suka dogara da kuɗin shigar 'ya'yansu, da kuma dokokin da ke aiwatar da haramcin aikin yara a tsarin mulki. Ta kuma kasance mai fafutukar yin aiki da 'yan Oklahoma ta hanyar aikin da ta yi wajen tabbatar da dokokin da ke da nufin kawar da yanayin aiki mara aminci da kuma jerin sunayen membobin ƙungiyar kwadago. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin jami'an gwamnati kaɗan da suka yi ƙarfin halin yin ihu game da cin zarafin yaran 'yan asalin Amurka. Barnard ta dogara ne da jawabanta masu motsa rai don isa ga jama'a da kuma shawo kan ikon siyasa game da buƙatar ƙara kariyar tarayya ga dukkan membobin ƙabilu biyar.

Wasu  sun ce babban abin da ta yi shi ne lokacin da ta gano cin zarafin fursunonin Oklahoma da ake tsare da su a gidajen yarin Kansas a ƙarƙashin kwangila, wanda ya haɗa da tilasta musu yin aiki a ma'adinan kwal da azabtarwa . An nuna ta a matsayin mai adawa da zaɓe a cikin shirin Good Housekeeping wanda ya tattauna aikinta na gano cin zarafin fursunonin Oklahoma.  Aikinta da matsin lambar da ta yi wa Gwamna na farko na Oklahoma, Charles N. Haskell, ya haifar da mayar da fursunonin zuwa Oklahoma da kuma gina gidan yarin Jihar Oklahoma a McAlester, Oklahoma .

### Ƙarshen aikin siyasa
Aikinta na siyasa ya ƙare a lokacin wa'adin mulkinta na biyu, bayan da ta fara fafutukar kare haƙƙin 'yan asalin Indiya waɗanda ake zalunta daga filayensu sakamakon dashen ƙasa . A wannan lokacin, ofishinta ya samar da rahoton bincike na farko na gwamnati game da kisan gillar 'yan asalin Osage . [1] Aikinta a madadin yaran Indiya ya tayar da fushin William H. Murray da sauran fitattun 'yan kasuwa da jami'ai a Oklahoma waɗanda suka shawo kan majalisar dokokin jihar don ta kwace mata kuɗin ofishinta. Littafin Wilma Mankiller na 1993, Mankiller, A Chief and Her People, a shafi na 173 ya ambato Barnard: "An tilasta mini ganin an yi wa marayu fashi, an yi musu yunwa, an ƙone su don kuɗi. Na ambaci sunayen mutanen kuma na tuhume su kuma na samar da bayanai da shaidu don yanke musu hukunci, amma babu wani sakamako. Na yanke shawara tun da daɗewa cewa Oklahoma ba ta da ɗan ƙasa da ke damuwa ko an yi wa maraya fashi ko an kashe shi - saboda ikirarinsa ya fi sauƙin magancewa fiye da idan yana da rai."

## Rayuwa daga baya, mutuwa, da gado
A tsawon rayuwarta, Barnard ta ci gaba da zama a Oklahoma (sau da yawa tana tafiya zuwa Colorado da sauran jihohi a lokacin bazara saboda matsalolin lafiyarta masu tsanani) kuma ta mutu a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, 1930, a Oklahoma City (inda aka same ta a mace a bandakin otal ). An binne ta a Oklahoma City (a cikin wani kabari da ba a yi wa alama ba har zuwa shekarun 1980), amma a yau an nuna wani mutum-mutumin tagulla a bene na farko na Babban Birnin Oklahoma State . An shigar da ita cikin Zauren Fitattun Mata na Oklahoma a shekarar 1982.

## Tarihin zaɓe

## Nassoshi