Kwamitin jarrabawar Yammacin Afirka

**Kwamitin jarrabawa Yammacin Afirka** (**WAEC**) kwamitin jarrabawa ne da aka kafa ta doka don tantance jarrabawar da ake buƙata don amfanin jama'a a cikin ƙasashen Yammacin Afrika masu magana da Ingilishi, don gudanar da jarrabawar kuma don bayar da takaddun shaida kwatankwacin waɗanda suka dace da na hukumomin jarrabawar duniya. An kafa shi a 1952, majalisar ta ba da gudummawa ga ilimi a kasashen da ke magana da Ingilishi na Afirka ta Yamma (Ghana, Najeriya, Saliyo, Laberiya, da Gambiya), tare da yawan jarrabawar da suka tsara, da takaddun shaida da suka bayar. Sun kuma kafa asusun tallafi, don ba da gudummawa ga ilimi a Yammacin Afirka, ta hanyar laccoci da taimako ga waɗanda ba za su iya samun ilimi ba. Tun lokacin da aka kafa shi ya ci gaba da kasancewa daya daga cikin manyan gwaje-gwaje da aka fi sani a duniya a Yammacin Afirka.

Dokta Adeyegbe, tsohon HNO na WAEC Najeriya (2004) ya ce "kwamitin ya haɓaka ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ma'aikata masu ƙwazo da ƙwazo sosai, kuma ya gudanar da jarrabawar da ke da inganci kuma ya dace da burin ilimi na ƙasashe membobin". A cikin shekara guda, sama da 'yan takara miliyan uku sun yi rajista don jarrabawar da WAEC ta tsara. Majalisar ta kuma taimaka wa wasu hukumomin jarrabawa (na gida da na duniya) wajen daidaita jarrabawa.

## Tarihi
Jami'ar Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate, Jami'ar London School Examinations Matriculation Council da Yammacin Afirka Sashen ilimi sun hadu a 1948, game da ilimi a Yammacin Afrika.An kira taron ne don tattauna manufofin ilimi na gaba a Yammacin Afirka. A taron, sun nada Dokta George Barker Jeffery (Darakta na Cibiyar ilimi ta Jami'ar London) don ziyartar wasu ƙasashen Yammacin Afirka, don ganin matakin ilimi da bukatun a Yammacin Afrika. A ƙarshen ziyarar Jeffery na watanni uku (Disamba 1949 - Maris 1950) zuwa Ghana, Gambiya, Saliyo, da Najeriya, ya gabatar da rahoto (tun da aka sani da rahoton Jeffery) yana tallafawa bukatar Majalisar Bincike ta Yammacin Afirka, da kuma ba da cikakkun shawarwari game da abun da ke ciki da ayyukan majalisa. Bayan wannan rahoton, kungiyoyin sun hadu da gwamnatoci wadannan kasashe, kuma sun amince da kafa Majalisar Bincike ta Yammacin Afirka, ta amince da shawarwarin Jeffery.

### Kafa Majalisar
majalisun dokoki ta Najeriya, Ghana, Saliyo, da Gambiya sun zartar da wata doka (Dokar Majalisar jarrabawar Yammacin Afirka  NO. 40) da ta amince da Majalisar jarraba ta Yammacin Afrika a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1951.  Dokar ta amince da daidaita gwaje-gwaje, da kuma bayar da takaddun shaida ga dalibai a cikin kasashe daban-daban ta Majalisar jarrabawar Yammacin Afirka. Laberiya daga baya ta ba da umurni su a shekara ta 1974, a taron shekara-shekara da aka gudanar a Legas, Najeriya. Bayan nasarar kafa kwamitin jarrabawa, majalisar ta kira taron farko a Accra, Ghana a watan Maris na shekara ta 1953. A cikin taron, mai rajista ya ba kowa bayani game da ci gaban majalisar. A wannan taron, an kafa kwamitoci biyar don taimakawa majalisa. Wadannan kwamitocin sune: Kwamitin Gudanarwa da Kudi, Kwamitin Binciken Makaranta, Kwamitin Nazarin Ayyukan Jama'a, Kwamitin Kwararru, Fasaha da Kasuwanci, da Kwamitin Gida. Adadin mutanen da suka halarci wannan taron ya kai 26.

### Taron farko
Da ke ƙasa akwai jerin mutanen da suka halarci taron farko da Majalisar Bincike ta Yammacin Afirka ta gudanar.

# Mista A. N Galsworthy (shugaban majalisa) 
# George Barker Jeffery (Babban Sakataren Sakatariyar Yammacin Afirka) 
# Mista J. L. Brereton (Sakataren kungiyar Cambridge) 
# Mambobin 13 da gwamnatocin Najeriya, Ghana, Saliyo, da Gambiya suka zaba.
# 10 Masu sa ido, daya daga cikinsu shine Constance Rulka, wanda daga baya zai zama Babban Mai Bincike, kuma, ya nada Mataimakin Mai Rijistar Majalisar Bincike ta Yammacin Afirka, kuma ya sanya alhakin jarrabawa a Turanci a duk matakan a Najeriya, Ghana, Saliyo da Gambiya.

### Bikin ranar kafuwa shekaru 50
A watan Maris na shekara ta 2002, Majalisar ta yi bikin cika shekaru 50 a Abuja, Najeriya. Taken ranar tunawa shine "WAEC: shekaru 50 na Kyau". Dukkanin kasashe membobin sun shiga cikin bikin a kasashensu, ban da babban bikin a Abuja, Najeriya. A lokacin wannan ranar tunawa an ƙaddamar da littafin, "The West African Examinations Council (1952-2002): Half a century of Commitment to Excellence and Regional Cooperation".

## Takaddun shaida na dijital
A cikin 2022, Majalisar ta ƙaddamar da takaddun shaida na dijital da dandalin tabbatarwa, wanda ke ba da ingantaccen yanar gizo da aikace-aikacen wayar hannu wanda ke bawa masu amfani damar samun dama, raba da tabbatar da takaddamarwa. Takaddun shaida na dijital suna ba da hanya mai sauƙi da aminci ga mutane don samun dama da raba nasarorin da suka samu na ilimi.

## Tsarin Majalisar
Tsarin majalisa ya kasu kashi uku: kwamitocin kasa da kasa, kwamitocin ƙasa, da ƙananan kwamitoci.

Kwamitin kasa da kasa yana kula da batutuwan da suka shafi dukkan kasashe membobin kuma yana daidaita ra'ayoyin kasa da suka shafi manufofin majalisa gaba ɗaya. Kwamitocin kasa suna kula da al'amuran da suka shafi takamaiman kasashe membobin. Har ila yau, yana taimakawa wajen bayyana ra'ayoyin kasa game da batutuwan da suka shafi manufofin majalisa gaba ɗaya. Ƙananan kwamitocin suna aiki a kan fannoni daban-daban na ayyukan majalisa. Kwamitin Kudi, alal misali, yana kula da matsayin kudi na WAEC. Akwai ƙananan kwamitoci da yawa, kuma suna taimakawa kwamitocin kasa da kasa da na kasa.

## Gwaje-gwaje da aka gudanar
Majalisar tana gudanar da nau'o'i daban-daban guda huɗu na jarrabawa. Su ne jarrabawar kasa da kasa, jarrabawar ƙasa, jarrabawan da aka gudanar tare da hadin gwiwar wasu hukumomin jarrabawa, da jarrabawar da aka gudanar a madadin wasu hukumomin bincike. Gwaje-gwaje na kasa da kasa sune gwaje-gwajen da aka dauka a cikin kasashe biyar tare da dokar WAEC. Ya ƙunshi: WASSCE (Jarabawar Takardar shaidar Makarantar Afirka ta Yamma):

* WASSCE don CANDIDATES (Shirin Farko) JANUARY-FEBRUARY
* WASSCE FOR (SCHOOL CANDIDATES) MARCH - MAY
* WASSCE don cin zarafin CANDIDATES (MAIN GCE) Satumba-Oktoba

Ana gudanar da jarrabawar kasa a wasu ƙasashe. Sun hada da:

* Takardar shaidar Makarantar Sakandare ta Junior don Najeriya da Gambiya,
* Junior da Senior High School Certificate Examinations for Liberia,
* Makarantar Firamare ta Kasa da Takaddun Takaddun shaida na Ilimi na asali don Saliyo,
* Jarabawar Takardar shaidar Ilimi na asali don Ghana, da
* Gwajin Takardar shaidar Makarantar Ghana.

Har ila yau, majalisar tana daidaita gwaje-gwaje tare da hadin gwiwar wasu amintattun hukumomin jarrabawa. Wadannan sun hada da:

* Birni da Guilds na Cibiyar London
* Royal Society of Arts
* Cibiyar Bincike ta WAEC

Majalisar kuma tana gudanar da jarrabawa a Afirka ta Yamma a madadin hukumomin jarrabawa na kasa da kasa. Wadannan sun hada da:

* Jami'ar London GCE
* Gwajin ƙwarewar ilimi da jarrabawar rikodin digiri don Sabis ɗin Gwajin Ilimi, Princeton, Amurka, da
* JAMB (Jami'ar Admissions da Matriculations Board) jarrabawar a kasashen da ke wajen Najeriya.

Majalisar ta ba da takaddun shaida masu inganci da abin dogaro ga 'yan takarar da suka shiga jarrabawar. Matsayin wannan takaddun shaida ya yi daidai da na Ƙasar Ingila. Wannan shi ne saboda Dokar WAEC ta ba da ikon majalisa don gudanar da jarrabawa da bayar da takaddun shaida, idan dai takaddun shaidar ba su da ƙananan ma'auni idan aka kwatanta da takaddar shaidar su na hukumomin jarrabawa a Ƙasar Ingila.

### Darussan da aka bayar
Asusun Endowment ya fara ba da laccoci a watan Maris na shekara ta 1996. A bikin cika shekaru 30 a shekarar 1982, an kaddamar da asusun tallafi tare da manufar inganta ci gaban ilimi wanda aka tsara don inganta ilimi a matakan kasa da kasa da kuma ba da kyaututtuka ga manyan 'yan takara a lokacin jarrabawa. Da ke ƙasa akwai laccoci da sunayen masu magana.

* 1996 - "Hadin WAEC a cikin Inganta Dimokuradiyya, Ci gaba mai dorewa da hadin kan kasa da kasa a Yammacin Afirka" ta Farfesa E. A. Boateng na Ghana.
* 1997 - "The Dual Mandate: Koyarwa da Bincike" na Farfesa Eldred Jones na Saliyo.
* 1998 - "Ba a cikin Taurari na Mu" na Farfesa V. Chukwuemeka Ike na Najeriya.
* 1999 - "Kuma Miles ya tafi kafin na yi barci" na Dokta Lenrie Peters na Gambiya.
* 2000 - "Ƙarfafa Mafi Kyawu, Taimaka wa Sauran" na Moore T. Worrel na Laberiya.
* 2001 - "The Language Factor in Education- Koyarwa, Koyarwa da Bincike" ta Farfesa Florence Dolphyne na Ghana.
* 2002 - "Ilimi don Ceto na Kasa" na Farfesa J. A. Ayoade na Najeriya.
* 2003 - "Rashin da Muhimmancin Majalisar Bincike ta Yammacin Afirka a cikin Ma'anar Gaskiya da Ƙalubalen Zamaninmu" ta Dokta M. B. Joof na Gambiya.
* 2004 - "Ci gaba da Karfafa Cibiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta zamani mai dorewa da Al'adu a Yammacin Afirka" ta Farfesa Ernest H. M. Wright.
* 2005 - "Yin Kasuwanci na Ragowar bayan Shekaru na Tsuntsu" na Monsignor Dr. Robert G. Tikpor
* 2006 - "Gaskiya na Inganci a Jarabawar Jama'a" ta Farfesa Ivan Addae-Mensah
* 2007 - "Malamin a cikin Jagora" na Farfesa I.E. Nwana
* 2008 - "Ƙarfafa Ilimi na Aikin Gona: Bukatar da ba za a iya gujewa ba don Rayuwarmu" ta Rt. Rev. Dr.S. Tilewa Johnson
* 2009 - "Globalization da kalubale ga Ilimi a cikin Yanayin Bayan Rikicin: Ra'ayi na Saliyo" na Farfesa Abdullah A. Mansaray
* 2010 - "Kwamitin jarrabawar Yammacin Afirka: Pan-Afirka, Jima'i da Ci gaba" na Dokta Evelyn S. Kandakai
* 2011 - "Zuwa ga Kyakkyawan Koyarwa da Koyon Harshen Kimiyya" ta Farfesa D. A. Akyeampong
* 2012 - "Nipping Educational Failure in the Bud" by Farfesa Pius Augustine Ike Obanya
* 2013 - "Rahoton Koyarwa, Koyon da Bincike don Inganta Inganci a Afirka ta Kudu: Matsayi, Kalubale da Fatawar Fasahar Dijital" na Farfesa Mohammadou M. O. Kah
* 2014 - "Na ƙarshe da za a hayar, na farko da za a kore shi: Magana da ƙalubalen Gudanar da Malamai a cikin Bayar da Ilimi mai inganci a Saliyo" ta Farfesa E. J. D. Thompson
* 2015 - "Me Sauran Muna Rubuta a kan Slate: Shirye-shiryen Matasa" na Hon. Augustine Kpehe Ngafuan, Ministan Harkokin Waje, Jamhuriyar Laberiya
* 2016 - "Ayyuka a cikin Lissafi da Kimiyya: Kashe Jinx" - ta Farfesa Jonathan A. Fletcher
* 2017 - "Mayar da Ayyukan Ilimi na Daliban Makarantar Sakandare: Babban Matsayin WAEC daga hangen nesa na Najeriya" na Farfesa Amos Shaibu
* 2018 - "Abokan hulɗa na ci gaba / Haɗin gwiwar gwamnati a cikin Sashin Ilimi na Kudi: Matsayi na hangen nesa, dama da alhakin gano abubuwan da ake buƙata na Ingantawa, Tsarin Ƙididdigar Ayyuka masu alaƙa da tanadi don Amfani da Ingantawa" na Dokta Baboucarr S. Sarr
* 2019 - "Hanyoyi masu kirkiro don auna Ilimi, Kwarewa da Halin Dalibai" ta Farfesa Joe A. D. Dean, Makarantar Nazarin Postgraduate, Jami'ar Saliyo . 
* 2020 - "Treading on Slippery Ground: Kira Ilimi zuwa Lissafi. " na Farfesa Kafui Etsey na Ma'aikatar Ilimi da Ilimin Halitta, Jami'ar Cape Coast, Ghana.

## Ra'ayi na Majalisar
Don zama kungiya mai jarrabawa ta duniya, ƙara darajar ga burin ilimi na masu ruwa da tsaki.

Shugaban majalisa na yanzu shine Farfesa, Ato Essuman wanda aka zaba a lokacin taron 69 na majalisa wanda aka gudanar kusan daga Maris 22-26, 2021. Farfesa Ato Essuman dan kasar Ghana ne.

## Manufar Majalisar
Majalisar tana da manufofi da yawa, mafi yawansu shine kula da matsayin da suka cimma. Ayyukan Majalisar Bincike ta Yammacin Afirka sune:

# Don kula da hanyoyin da aka yarda da su a duniya
# Ci gaba da samar da inganci da amintaccen kimantawa na ilimi
# Don ci gaba da inganta ci gaban albarkatun ɗan adam mai ɗorewa, fahimtar juna da hadin kan kasa da kasa.

## Tambayoyi
Akwai wasu damuwa game da ingancin WAEC a matsayin jiki. Wani muhimmin abu shi ne abin kunya na binciken da aka yi a cikin shekarun 1970s, wanda ake kira Owosho scandal. Wannan abin kunya ya kasance sakamakon ɓarkewar amsar jarrabawa ga ɗalibai ta wani jami'in kafin gudanar da jarrabawar. Wannan ya haifar da soke sakamakon a wasu cibiyoyin jarrabawa kuma an nemi wasu dalibai su dauki jarrabawar tare da matasan su a shekara mai zuwa. Har ila yau, a cikin 1977, an yi bincike mai zurfi game da ɓarkewa da rashin aiki a cibiyoyin jarrabawa wanda ya haifar da abin da ake kira EXPO 77.

A shekara ta 1982, an yi zargin cewa an sayar da jarrabawa kuma don yaki da waɗannan nau'ikan rashin aiki, an soke jarrabawa a wasu cibiyoyin da ke shafar ɗalibai marasa laifi da masu laifi.

Kungiyar gabaɗaya ta kasa ci gaba da tsarin karatu mai tsauri da ƙalubale. A cikin 2019, WAEC har yanzu yana ba wa ɗalibai zaɓi don nazarin batutuwa kamar taƙaitaccen. Mutum na iya jayayya cewa rashin ingantaccen gwajin gwaji yana daya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa aikin matasa a kasashen yammacin Afirka ya ragu idan aka kwatanta da takwarorinsu na yamma da na nahiyar. Gaskiyar cewa tsarin har yanzu ya kasance kamar yadda yake lokacin da aka fara kafa kungiyar shine tabbacin rashin ingantaccen jiki.

A ranar 16 ga watan Agusta, 2020, kwana daya kafin farawar WASSCE, an yi zargin yaduwar takardar lissafi da aka shirya don 17 ga watan Agustan a kafofin sada zumunta. Koyaya, majalisa da sauri ta karyata rahotanni, ta bayyana su a matsayin karya, kuma suna da kyau ga masu zamba a kowace shekara ta jarrabawa. A wata hira da Hukumar Labarai ta Najeriya, Mista Patrick Areghan, Shugaban Ofishin Kasa na WAEC ya mayar da martani ga rahotanni da aka rarraba a kafofin sada zumunta, yana cewa "ƙaryaci ne, mugunta, yaudara da mugunta".  

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje

* Shafin yanar gizon WAEC Ghana
* Shafin yanar gizon WAEC Najeriya