Susan M. Collins (economist)

**Susan Margaret Collins** (an haife ta a 1958/1959)  masaniyar tattalin arziki ce 'yar Amurka wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar 14 kuma babbar jami'ar Babban Bankin Tarayya na Boston tun daga ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2022. Ita ce mace 'yar Afirka ta farko kuma mace ta farko mai launin fata da ta jagoranci kowace ɗaya daga cikin bankunan Tarayya na yankuna 12.  Collins ta taɓa yin aiki a matsayin shugabar 16 kuma mataimakiyar shugabar zartarwa kan harkokin ilimi na Jami'ar Michigan daga 2020 zuwa 2022. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Collins 'yar asalin ƙasar Jamaica ce, an haife ta a Scotland kuma ta girma a birnin New York.   Ta kammala karatun *digiri na farko* a fannin fasaha daga Jami'ar Harvard tare da digiri na farko a fannin tattalin arziki a shekarar 1980 kuma ta sami digiri na uku a fannin tattalin arziki daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT) a shekarar 1984. Ta kammala karatun digiri na uku a *fannin rage darajar kuɗi, canjin kuɗi da kuma rikice-rikicen aminci*, wanda Rudiger Dornbusch ke kula da shi. 

## Sana'a
Collins ta riƙe muƙaman koyarwa a Jami'ar Harvard, Jami'ar Georgetown, da Jami'ar Michigan . Ta kuma yi aiki a Majalisar Masu Ba da Shawara kan Tattalin Arziki ta Shugaban Ƙasa daga 1989 zuwa 1990 kuma ta kasance malamar da ta ziyarta a Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya a 2001. 

Ta kasance babbar jami'a a shirin Nazarin Tattalin Arziki a Brookings Institution  daga 2007 zuwa 2017 kuma ta zama babbar jami'a ba 'yar ƙasa ba bayan ta koma Michigan.

Ta yi aiki a kwamitin gudanarwa na Bankin Tarayya na Chicago daga 2013 zuwa 2022. 

Collins ita ce Farfesa Edward M. Gramlich na Manufofin Jama'a kuma farfesa a fannin tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Michigan, inda ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Makarantar Manufofin Jama'a ta Gerald R. Ford daga 2007 zuwa 2017.  Ta ci gaba da riƙe matsayin farfesa a jami'ar, tana hutun da ba a biya ba. A watan Janairun 2020, an naɗa Collins a matsayin farfesa kuma mataimakiyar shugaba mai kula da harkokin ilimi a Jami'ar Michigan. Yayin da ta sauka daga mukamin farfesa a watan Yunin 2022, Hukumar Kula da Jami'o'i ta Michigan ta ba ta lambar girmamawa ta Regents saboda sadaukar da kai da hidimarta ga jami'ar. 

Collins ya shiga cikin takaddamar da ta shafi sake buɗe Jami'ar Michigan a lokacin annobar COVID-19 . A ranar 8 ga Satumba, 2020, ma'aikatan ɗaliban jami'ar da suka kammala karatunsu sun shiga yajin aiki saboda damuwa da suka shafi martanin da jami'ar ta bayar game da annobar.  A matsayinsa na babban jami'in ilimi na jami'ar, Collins ya shiga tattaunawa da ɗaliban da suka kammala karatunsu yayin da yake kuma kira ga ɗalibai da kada su kawo cikas ga ayyukan jami'ar kuma yana da'awar cewa yajin aikin ya saba wa doka saboda ba shi da alaƙa kai tsaye da "albashi, awanni, ko yanayin aiki." Ɗaliban sun ƙi amincewa, suna da'awar cewa yajin aikin ya shafi gazawar jami'ar na samar da yanayin aiki mai aminci wanda kwangilar da ta amince da ita watanni da suka gabata ta buƙata.  A cikin zaman tambayoyi da amsoshi da aka watsa a bainar jama'a a ranar 15 ga Satumba, 2020, Collins ya ce game da martanin gwamnati game da annobar: "Ba mu yi kamar yadda muke buƙata ba." 

## Bankin Tarayya na Boston
A watan Fabrairun 2022, an zaɓi Collins don yin aiki a matsayin shugaba kuma Shugaba na Babban Bankin Tarayya na Boston, inda ta zama mace ta farko mai launin fata da ta jagoranci ɗaya daga cikin bankunan ajiya na yankuna 12. Ta hau mulki a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2022.

## Littattafai da aka zaɓa

* Bosworth, Barry, da Susan M. Collins. "Lissafin ci gaba: kwatanta China da Indiya." Mujallar Ra'ayoyin Tattalin Arziki 22, lamba 1 (2008): 45–66.
* Collins, Susan M., Barry P. Bosworth, da Dani Rodrik. "Ci gaban tattalin arziki a Gabashin Asiya: tarin abubuwa da haɗuwa." Takardun Brookings kan ayyukan tattalin arziki na 1996, lamba 2 (1996): 135–203.
* Bosworth, Barry P., Susan M. Collins, da Carmen M. Reinhart. "Guduwar jari ga tattalin arziki masu tasowa: tasirin tanadi da saka hannun jari." Takardun Brookings kan ayyukan tattalin arziki na 1999, lamba 1 (1999): 143–180.
* Razin, Ofair, da Susan M. Collins. Daidaito tsakanin ainihin ƙimar musayar kuɗi da ci gaba. Lamba w6174. Ofishin Binciken Tattalin Arziki na Ƙasa, 1997.
* Collins, Susan M. "Akan samun sassauci: Tsarin canjin kuɗi a Latin Amurka da Caribbean." Mujallar Tattalin Arzikin Ci Gaba 51, lamba 1 (1996): 117–138.

## Manazarta ta