2022 Ruwa mai zafi na Indiya da Pakistan

Rashin zafi na Indiya da Pakistan na 2022 wani mummunan yanayi ne wanda ya haifar da Maris mafi zafi a cikin yankin tun 1901. Lokacin zafi ya zo baƙon abu a farkon shekara kuma ya kai ga Afrilu, yana shafar babban ɓangare na arewa maso yammacin Indiya da Pakistan. An haɗa ruwan zafi tare da fari, tare da ruwan sama yana da kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu zuwa kashi ɗaya bisa uku na al'ada. Ya faru ne a lokacin taron La Niña, wanda yawan rikodin zafi ba su da tabbas.

Biranen da yawa a fadin Indiya suna da yanayin zafi sama da  ° C (109.0 ° F), tare da Wardha ya tashi zuwa  ° C (113 ° F).  A Pakistan, birnin Nawabshah ya rubuta babban zafin jiki na  ° C (121.1 ° F)  kuma Jacobabad da Sibi dukansu sun kai  ° C (117 ° F). Ministan Canjin Yanayi na Pakistan Sherry Rehman ya bayyana shi a matsayin "shekara mara bazara". 

## Matsayi da muhimmancinsa
Ruwa mai zafi ya karya rikodin yawan zafin jiki a Pakistan da bangladesh Indiya. Har ila yau, guguwar ta sami kulawa saboda tsawonta.

## Tasirin

### Tasirin Aikin Noma
A lokacin Rikicin abinci na 2022, Indiya ta fara daukar matakai don fitar da karin shinkafa da alkama, a wani bangare don cika gibin da mamayar Rasha ta haifar a Ukraine. Koyaya, guguwar zafi ta haifar da karuwar farashin gida da raguwar wadata, batutuwan da aka kara tsanantawa ta hanyar yaƙi da ke kara farashin taki. Rashin zafi ya faru ne mafi yawa a cikin makonni na ƙarshe na lokacin girma na alkama, yana kashe shuke-shuke jim kadan kafin girbi.

Rashin zafi ya yi tasiri sosai ga aikin gona a Indiya. A lokaci guda ruwan sama na farko a Indiya ya kasance kashi 71% ƙasa da na al'ada. A Punjab, babban mai samar da amfanin gona a Indiya, 15% na amfanin gona ya ɓace kuma a wasu yankuna har ma da 30% . Rashin zafi ya haifar da juyawa a cikin manufofin da gwamnatin Indiya ta yi, daga ƙoƙarin shigo da su don magance rikice-rikicen, zuwa dakatar da fitarwa.

Har ila yau, ruwan zafi ya yi mummunar tasiri ga girbi na peach da apple a Balochistan.

### Yanayi da mahalli
Rashin zafi ya haifar da tsuntsaye da ke faɗuwa daga sama a Gujarat.

### Rushewar gadar
Hassanabad Bridge a cikin Hunza Valley, Pakistan ya rushe bayan tafkin mai dusar ƙanƙara ya fitar da ruwa mai yawa a cikin rafi wanda ya haifar da zafi.

### Rashin wutar lantarki
Indiya ta fuskanci mafi munin karancin wutar lantarki a cikin sama da shekaru shida, kuma bukatar saboda guguwar zafi ta matsa wutar lantarki a kasar. Yanayin zafi ya tilasta rufe makarantu da wuri kuma ya tura mutane cikin gida. Rajasthan, Gujarat, da Andhra Pradesh duk sun rage ikon da aka ware wa masana'antu saboda karuwar amfani da wutar lantarki da aka sadaukar don sanyaya.

Babban bukatar wutar lantarki ya kara bukatar kwal a Indiya, wanda shine babban tushen samar da wutar lantarki a kasar. Kamfanin Coal Indiya na jihar ya kara yawan fitar da shi da kashi 27%. Indian Railways dole ne ya soke daruruwan jiragen fasinja a matsayin matakin gaggawa don ba da fifiko ga ɗaukar kwal zuwa tashoshin wutar lantarki don kauce wa kashewa. Har ila yau, jihar ta bukaci masu samar da wutar lantarki su shigo da tan miliyan 19 na kwal kafin karshen watan Yuni.

A ranar Jumma'a, 29 ga Afrilu 2022, bukatar wutar lantarki ta kai 207 gigawatts, mafi girma a Indiya, wanda ke wakiltar karuwar gigawatts biyu na buƙata a ranar da ta gabata.

## Dalilan da suka haifar
Wani bincike mai zurfi na ainihi na aikin World Weather Attribution ya nuna cewa an yi guguwar zafi sau 30 saboda canjin yanayi.

Abubuwan da suka faru na guguwar zafi sun dace da Canjin yanayi a Pakistan da Indiya. Masana kimiyya na Indiya sun ce babban dalilin da ke kusa shi ne "raunin rikice-rikice na yamma - guguwa da ke samo asali a yankin Bahar Rum - wanda ke nufin karancin ruwan sama a arewa maso yamma da tsakiyar Indiya".

## Manazarta