Phyllis Ryan

**Philomena Frances Ryan** (28 ga Fabrairu 1895 - 19 Nuwamba 1983) ƙwararriyar masaniyar kimiyyar sinadarai ce kuma mai kishin ƙasa 'yar ƙasar Ireland, kuma matar shugaban ƙasar Ireland, Seán T. O'Kelly ta biyu.

## Rayuwar farko da iyali
An haifi Philomena Frances Ryan a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, 1895 ga John Ryan da Elizabeth (née Sutton), manoma a Tomcoole, kusa da Taghmon, County Wexford . Ryan shi ne ƙarami a cikin 'yan'uwa mata shida da 'yan'uwa maza biyar. Iyali ne na ƙasa waɗanda suka "taka muhimmiyar rawa a siyasar juyin juya hali kuma suka taimaka wajen tsara sabuwar 'Yancin Jiha."  An yi amfani da gidansu a matsayin hedikwata a Yaƙin 'Yanci .  Ɗan'uwanta, James Ryan ɗan aikin sa kai ne na Irish wanda ya zama babban Ministan Fianna Fáil .  Ryan da 'yan'uwanta mata sun shiga cikin Cumann na mBan, waɗanda aka kama biyu daga cikinsu aka daure su bayan tashin Ista .  'Yan'uwanta mata uku suka auri Seán T. O'Kelly, Richard Mulcahy, da Denis McCullough bi da bi. 

Ryan ta yi karatu a ƙaramin makarantar ƙasa da ke kusa da Caroreigh da kuma a Loreto Abbey da ke Gorey . A mataki na uku ta je Kwalejin Jami'a ta Dublin, inda ta kammala digirin farko a fannin sinadarai a shekarar 1916, sannan ta kammala digirin biyu a shekara mai zuwa. Ita ce mace ɗaya tilo a shekararta kuma ita ce mace ta biyar da ta kammala karatun kimiyya a Jami'ar Ƙasa ta Ireland .

## Kishin ƙasa
A lokacin da take jami'a, an yi bikin Ista . Ryan ya yi aiki a Babban Ofishin Wasiku, Dublin tare da 'yan'uwanta mata, inda suka yi aiki a matsayin manzanni.  'Yan'uwan Ryan sun kuma yi ƙoƙarin sa sojojin Birtaniya su daina harbi a wuraren Red Cross .  Kafin abubuwan da suka faru ita da 'yan'uwanta mata sun yi aiki a matsayin mafaka ga mazan da suka haɗu, suna raka su don su yi kama da suna tare da 'yan matan su. 

Tsakanin 1919 da 1921, a lokacin Yaƙin 'Yanci ta raba lokacinta tsakanin aikinta na masanin sinadarai da ayyukanta na siyasa da na soja. Ryan memba ne na, kuma a wani lokaci kyaftin ne a Cumann na mBan . Ta sami nasarar tserewa daga kamawa kuma ta yi aiki tare da ƙungiyoyin da ke tallafawa waɗanda aka kama.         

Lokacin da Yaƙin Basasa na Ireland ya fara, Ryan ya amince da ɓangaren da ke adawa da Yarjejeniyar . Ta rubuta wa 'yar uwarta Min wasiƙa tana yanke alaƙa da ita da mijinta Richard Mulcahy, janar a rundunar sojojin Free State, na tsawon lokacin.   

## Sana'a
Ryan ya yi aiki tare da Farfesa Hugh Ryan kuma ya buga takardu. Wasu daga cikin bincikensu an ba su kuɗi daga Nobels Ltd. Ryan ya tafi Landan don yin horo a matsayin mai nazarin jama'a. Lokacin da ta dawo Dublin, ta yi aiki a dakin gwaje-gwaje na kwaleji. A shekarar 1925, ta kafa dakin gwaje-gwaje a Dawson Street, Dublin inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai nazarin jama'a. Ta zaɓi ɗaukar mata waɗanda suka kammala karatun digiri.  Daga ƙarshe Ryan ya zama mai nazarin jama'a na ƙananan hukumomi 12. Tsawon shekaru da yawa ita kaɗai ce mace mai nazarin jama'a a Ireland.    

Ryan memba ne da ya kafa Ƙungiyar Sinadaran Ireland (1922–36). Ta kasance a kwamitin Ƙungiyar Sinadaran Ireland (1936–7), sannan ta zama mataimakiyar shugaba (1938–40) kuma shugaba (1940–41). A shekarar 1934, Ryan ya zama memba na majalisar bincike ta masana'antu ta farko.    

## Rayuwa daga baya
A watan Satumba na 1936, Ryan ya auri Seán T. O'Kelly . Shi ne mijinta Mary Kate (Kit) wadda ta mutu a shekarar 1934 tana da shekaru 55. [1] Ma'auratan sun sami izinin zama Paparoma domin su yi aure. Ba su da 'ya'ya. Mijinta ya zama Shugaban ƙasar Ireland a shekarar 1945, a lokacin ne Ryan ya daina aikinta. Abubuwan da take sha'awa sun haɗa da shirya furanni da kuma gina gidaje. [2] [3] [4] [5] A watan Yuni na 1946, Ryan ya shirya wani taron sake haɗuwa a Áras an Uachtaráin ga membobin Cumann na mBan, [6]

Mijinta ya yi wa'adi biyu a matsayin Shugaban ƙasar Ireland kafin ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1959, a lokacin ne ma'auratan suka ƙaura zuwa Roundwood, County Wicklow . O'Kelly ta mutu a shekarar 1966. Ryan ya mutu a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba, 1983 yana da shekaru 88 a asibitin Our Lady's Hospice da ke Harold's Cross, Dublin. An binne su duka a Makabartar Glasnevin .    

## Manazarta