Ludwig Adamovich Jr.

**Ludwig Karl Adamovich** (24 ga Agustan shekarar 1932 - 16 Yuni 2024), wanda aka fi sani da Ludwig Adamovich Jr., masanin tsarin mulki ne na Austriya, ma'aikacin gwamnati, kuma malami. Daga 1956 zuwa 1984 Adamovich ya kuma yi aiki ga tsarin mulki Service na Austria Chancellery. ya kuma koyar da shari'a a jami'ar Graz. Daga 1984 zuwa 2002, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta Austriya. Daga 2004, Adamovich ya yi aiki, bisa ga girmamawa, a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan al'amuran tsarin mulki ga shugabanni Heinz Fischer da Alexander Van der Bellen.
## Rayuwa
An haifi Ludwig Karl Adamovich a Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria, ranar 24 ga Agusta, 1932.

Mahaifinsa shi ne Ludwig Adamovich Sr., sanannen masanin shari'a kuma memba na Kotun Tsarin Mulki na Austriya a lokacin. Iyalin sun kasance masu ra'ayin mazan jiya; dattijo Adamovich ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Jesuit Kalksburg, ya goyi bayan Jam'iyyar Social Social Party, kuma daga baya zai zama ministan shari'a na gwamnatin Austrofascist na Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg. Dangantaka tsakanin uba da da ta yi wuya. Adamovich Sr. ya kasance mai sarrafawa kuma yana motsa jiki; Adamovich Jr. ya kasa cimma burin mahaifinsa ko dai a fannin ilimi ko kuma ta fuskar mutumci.

Adamovich samu sakandare ilimi a Akademisches Gymnasium.
## Sana'a

Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Gymnasium Adamovich ya shiga Jami'ar Vienna don nazarin shari'a, inda ya sami digiri na uku a 1954. Adamovich da farko ya so ya zama likitan fiɗa; mahaifiyarsa ta fito daga dangin likitoci. A karshe ya zabi doka a maimakonsa saboda yana tsoron kada rashin basirarsa ta ilimin lissafi ta sa ya kasa samun nasara a matsayinsa na dalibin likitanci. 

Daga 1955 zuwa 1956 Adamovich yi aiki a cikin Lower Austria lardin gwamnati. A cikin 1956, Adamovich ya shiga Sabis na Tsarin Mulki (Jamus: Verfassungsdienst) a cikin Chancellery, ofishin da ke taimaka wa ma'aikatu wajen tsara dokoki da kuma kimanta kundin tsarin mulki na daftarin dokokin da aka rubuta a wani wuri. A cikin lokacinsa, Adamovich ya ci gaba da bin burin ilimi. A cikin 1973, ya gabatar da karatunsa na habilitation ga Jami'ar Vienna; a 1974, ya karɓi alƙawari ga farfesa a fannin shari'a (öffentliches Recht) a Jami'ar Graz. Bayan shekaru biyu, ya koma babban birnin kasar da kuma Chancellery; yanzu ya kasance babban darektan ma'aikatar tsarin mulki.
A cikin tarihin rayuwarsa na 2011, Adamovich ya yarda da yardar rai cewa sunan mahaifinsa ya taimaka masa sosai kuma, musamman ma a farkon shekarunsa, ta hanyar alakar siyasar danginsa da Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Austriya.

Kamar yadda daga 1 Janairu 1984 Adamovich aka nada shugaban Kotun Tsarin Mulki. Ya rike wannan matsayi na shekaru goma sha tara, ya bar kotu lokacin da ya kai shekaru saba'in na wajibi na ritaya a shekara ta 2002. Zaman Adamovich ya kasance wani lokaci na zamani; Jagorancinsa yana wakiltar hutu tare da tsoffin hanyoyi ta fuskoki da yawa. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, Adamovich ya yi aiki don kulla dangantaka da kotunan tsarin mulki na 'yan'uwa a wasu ƙasashe, musamman tare da sababbin kotunan tsarin mulki da aka kafa a shekarun 1990 a tsoffin ƙasashen Gabas.

A shekara ta 2004, Adamovich ya amince da gayyatar da shugaban kasar Heinz Fischer ya yi masa na shiga fadar shugaban kasa, bisa girmamawa, a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan al'amurran da suka shafi kundin tsarin mulki. Ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin wannan damar lokacin da Alexander Van der Bellen ya maye gurbin Fischer a cikin 2016.
## Siyasa
Adamovich an dauke shi dama a tsakiya, ko da yake yana da halayya, na ɗan adam.Ya kira kansa “mai ra’ayin mazan jiya mara al’ada”.

Nan da nan bayan kammala karatunsa na jami'a, Adamovich ya yi amfani da haɗin gwiwar danginsa da jam'iyyar jama'ar Austriya don samun aikin yi a cikin ƙananan hukumomin Austrian, gaskiyar da ya bayyana a fili a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa. Ya shiga jam’iyyar People’s Party a 1956. Duk da amincewar da ya yi, aikinsa a cikin Sabis na Tsarin Mulki ya sami goyan bayansa sosai daga Chancellor Bruno Kreisky, ɗan Social Democrat; Adamovich ya yi iƙirarin cewa Kreisky yana da sha'awar ɗaukar 'ya'yan fitattun iyalai a matsayin masu kare shi. A 1983, Adamovich ya janye daga zama memba a cikin jama'a Party, saboda Kreisky yana la'akari da shi a matsayin ministan shari'a. Fred Sinowatz ne, wani dan Social Democrat kuma magajin Kreisky a matsayin shugabar gwamnati, wanda ya zabi Adamovich a matsayin shugaban Kotun Tsarin Mulki daga baya a wannan shekarar. Nadin nadin ya kasance mai cike da cece-kuce.

A lokacin da yake zama shugaban Kotun Tsarin Mulki Adamovich ya sami rashin jituwa da bangarorin biyu na siyasa. Michael Graff, babban sakatare na jam'iyyar People's Party a lokacin, ya zargi Adamovich da kasancewa "dangi" na "Reds". Adamovich ya kuma yi jayayya da Social Democrats, musamman tare da Heinz Fischer, wanda duk da haka ya nemi Adamovich ya zama mai ba shi shawara kan al'amuran tsarin mulki lokacin da ya zama shugaban kasar Austria a 2004.

Adamovich yayi arangama da Jörg Haider da Jam'iyyar 'Yanci a Ortstafelstreit, takaddama game da haƙƙin yare na tsirarun Slovenia na Austriya wanda Haider ya yi amfani da shi don tayar da ɓacin rai wanda kuma a ƙarshe ya zama ɗaya daga cikin shari'o'in da ke gaban kotu.Rikicin ya haifar da kai hari ga Adamovich ta hanyar Haider wanda masu sharhi suka bayyana a matsayin maras kyau. Lokacin da Haider ya zargi Adamovich da rashin da'a a ofis, Adamovich ya dage da yin bincike a hukumance; bincike ya barranta da shi gaba daya.
## Shari'ar bata suna
abubuwan da hukumomi suka buga lokacin da aka rufe shari'ar wasu na ganin ba za su yuwu ba. Masu binciken sun dora alhakin lamarin a kan wani mai laifi guda daya da ya aikata shi kadai, duk da cewa sace Kampusch da tsare shi da ya kasance yana da kalubale a fannin dabaru kuma duk da cewa shaidun gani da ido sun ce sun ga wadanda suka sace su biyu; Babban wanda ake zargin ya kashe kansa da kyau bayan Kampusch ya tsere amma kafin a kama shi.
A shekarar 2009, Adamovich ya ba da jerin tambayoyi a cikin abin da ya bayyana cewa shi ma ya zo shakka a hukumance version na events. Bugu da ƙari, ya yi hasashen cewa rayuwar Kampusch a zaman bauta ba ta yi muni ba fiye da rayuwarta ta farko tare da danginta marasa aiki; Mahaifiyar Kampusch na iya yin lalata da yaron; Wataƙila Kampusch ta zauna tare da wanda ya sace ta fiye ko žasa da son rai. Mahaifiyar Kampusch ta bukaci a gurfanar da Adamovich a gaban kotu; An samu Adamovich da laifin bata suna kuma aka ci tararsa.Alkalin da ke jagorantar shari’ar da ake yi masa, Birgit Schneider, diyar Otto Schneider ce, tsohon shugaban masu gabatar da kara na Vienna, wanda hukuncinsa kan shari’ar Kampusch Adamovich shi ma ya rika suka. Dangantakar dangi ya sa masu sharhi irin su Johann Rzeszut, tsohon shugaban kotun kolin Ostiriya kuma memba a kwamitin binciken da kansa, ya kira hukuncin da rashin adalci; A cewar Rzeszut, da Birgit Schneider za ta zama wajibi ta hakura da kanta.

A shekara ta 2010, an soke hukuncin da Adamovich ya yanke akan roko; Kotun daukaka kara ta yi imanin cewa maganganun Adamovich sun shafi 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki.
## Mutuwa
Adamovich ya mutu a ranar 16 ga Yuni, 2024, yana da shekaru 91.
## Zaɓaɓɓen kyaututtuka
* 1974: Ado na Girmamawa a Zinare don Hidima ga Jamhuriyar Austria
* 1979: Babban Ado na Girmamawa a Zinare don Sabis ga Jamhuriyar Austria
* 1987: Babban Ado na Girmamawa a Zinare tare da Sash don Sabis ga Jamhuriyar Austria
* 1989: Babban Ado na Girmamawa a Zinare don Ayyuka zuwa Jihar Vienna
* 1995: lambar zinare ta Jami'ar Masaryk
* 1995: lambar yabo ta Wilhelm Hartel na Academy of Sciences na Austria
* 1996: Digiri na girmamawa na Jami'ar Osijek
* 1996: Kyautar Franz Gschnitzer na [Jami'ar Innsbruck]
* 1997: Digiri na girmamawa na [Jami'ar Graz]
* 1998: Memba mai girma na Sashen Harkokin Dan Adam da Kimiyyar Zamantakewa na Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
* 2002: Digiri na girmamawa na Jami'ar Wrocław
* 2002: Friedrich Torberg Medal

## Manazarta