Beit Hanoun

**Beit Hanoun** ko **Beit Hanun** ( Arabic   ) birni ne na Palasdinawa da ke arewa maso gabashin zirin Gaza . A cewar Hukumar Ƙididdiga ta Tsakiyar Falasdinu, garin yana da yawan jama'a kimanin 52,237 a shekara ta 2017.  Sakamakon yaƙin Gaza da ke ci gaba da gwabzawa, Beit Hanoun ta yi artabu tsakanin Zirin Gaza a ƙarƙashin Hamas|gwamnatin Hamas da Isra'ila . Bugu da kari kuma, garin ya lalace gaba daya, kuma kusan dukkan gine-ginen ko dai an lalata su ko kuma ba a yi amfani da su ba saboda tsananin barna. Ragowar Beit Hanoun yana kusa da rafin Nahal-Hanun,  nesa da birnin Sderot na Isra'ila.

## Tarihi

Ayyubid sun yi galaba a kan ‘ yan Salibiyya a wani yakin da suka yi a tsaunin Umm al-Nasser da ke yammacin Beit Hanoun a shekara ta 1239, kuma suka gina masallacin Umm al-Naser ("Uwar Masallacin Nasara") a can domin tunawa da nasara.  Ofishin gidan waya na Mamluk yana cikin Beit Hanoun kuma. 

### Zamanin Ottoman
An haɗa shi cikin daular Ottoman a cikin shekarar 1517 tare da dukkanin Falasɗinu na Tarihi, Beit Hanoun ya bayyana a cikin rajistar haraji na 1596 kamar yadda yake a cikin *Nahiya* na Gaza, wani yanki na Gaza Sanjak . Tana da yawan jama'a gidaje 36 na musulmi kuma tana biyan ƙayyadadden haraji na 33.3% akan alkama, sha'ir, amfanin gona na rani, bishiyar 'ya'yan itace, kuɗaɗen shiga lokaci-lokaci, awaki da/ko kudan zuma; jimlar 9,300 akce . 

A cikin ƙarni na 17 da na 18, yankin Beit Hanoun ya sami gagarumin tsari na raguwar matsuguni saboda matsin lamba na makiyaya akan al'ummomin yankin. Mazauna kauyukan da aka yi watsi da su sun yi ƙaura don tsira daga ƙauyuka, amma ƙauyuka makwabta sun ci gaba da noma ƙasar.  Beit Hanoun ya tsira, kuma Pierre Jacotin ya sanya wa ƙauyen suna *Deir Naroun* akan taswirarsa yana nuna yaƙin Siriya na Napoleon na 1799. 

A shekara ta 1838, Edward Robinson ya wuce ya kwatanta yadda "duk sun shagaltu da girbin alkama; masu girbi suna cikin gonaki; jakuna da raƙuma suna ƙaura zuwa gida tare da manyan ɗimbin tarkace; yayin da suke masussuka da ke kusa da ƙauyen, na ƙidaya ba ƙasa da ƙungiyoyin shanu talatin ba."  Ya ci gaba da lura da shi a matsayin ƙauyen musulmi, wanda yake a gundumar Gaza.  A cikin Mayu 1863, Victor Guérin ya ziyarci ƙauyen. Ya lura da alamun gine-ginen da suka kasance cikin sifar da aka sassaka, da guntuwar ginshiƙai, da sansanoni a cikin lambuna.  Ya ci gaba da lura cewa yawan jama'a ya ƙunshi "rai 400".  Socin ya samo daga lissafin ƙauyen Ottoman daga kimanin 1870 cewa Beit Hanoun yana da gidaje 94 da yawan jama'a 294. Duk da haka, adadin mutanen ya haɗa da maza kawai.  Hartmann ya gano cewa *Bet Hanun* yana da gidaje 95. 

A cikin shekarar 1883, Binciken PEF *na Yammacin Falasdinu* ya bayyana shi a matsayin ƙaramin ƙauyen adobe, "wanda ke kewaye da lambuna, tare da rijiya zuwa yamma. Ƙasa tana da faɗi, kuma zuwa gabas wani tafki ne a gefen hanya." 

### Zamanin Biritaniya

A cikin ƙidayar 1922 na Falasdinu da hukumomin Biritaniya suka gudanar, Beit Hanoun tana da yawan mazauna 885, dukkansu musulmi,  ta ragu a ƙidayar 1931 zuwa 849, har yanzu duka musulmai, a cikin gidaje 194. 

A cikin kididdigar 1945, Beit Hanun tana da yawan musulmai 1,680 da Yahudawa 50, tare da dunams 20,025 na filaye, bisa ga binciken filaye da yawan jama'a.   Daga cikin wannan, dunams 2,768 na citrus da ayaba, 697 gonaki ne da filayen ban ruwa, 13,186 ana amfani da hatsi,  yayin da dunams 59 aka gina. 

### Masarautar Masar

A cikin Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra'ila na 1948, kusa da Beit Hanoun, kuma daga baya Beit Hanoun kanta, ya yi aiki a matsayin dabara na Isra'ila ( Beit Hanoun wedge ) don dakatar da motsin sojojin Masar daga Ashkelon zuwa sojojin zuwa kudu a yankin wanda daga baya ya zama zirin Gaza.

A lokacin mamayar, Masar ta koka ga hukumar haɗaka da makamai cewa a ranakun 7 da 14 ga watan Oktoban shekarar 1950, sojojin Isra'ila sun yi luguden wuta tare da yin luguden wuta kan kauyukan Larabawa na Abasan al-Kabera da Beit Hanoun da ke yankin Zirin Gaza na Masar. A cewar Masar, wannan mataki ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane bakwai tare da jikkata wasu fararen hula 20. 

### mamayar Isra'ila

A cewar Hukumar Falasdinu, sojojin Isra'ila sun kashe Falasdinawa 140 a Beit Hanoun daga watan Satumba na 2000 zuwa Nuwamba 2006. 

Sojojin Isra'ila sun yi wa Beit Hanoun kawanya daga ranar 15 ga Mayu zuwa 30 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2003, inda suka ruguza gidaje da dama, tare da lalata manyan filayen noma tare da lalata kayayyakin farar hula na garin.  A lokacin hari a kan Beit Hanoun a cikin 2004, an kewaye garin na kwanaki 37. Kimanin Falasdinawa 20 ne aka kashe, sannan kuma an yi barna mai yawa ga dukiya da ababen more rayuwa. Kayayyakin gine-gine na Beit Hanoun sun lalace sosai a lokacin kutsen da sojojin Isra'ila suka yi a shekarar 2005. 

### Gwamnatin Falasdinu
Bayan kwashe Isra'ilawa mazauna Gaza a watan Agustan shekarar 2005, Falasdinawa fararen hula 19 ne aka kashe a harin da aka kai a Beit Hanoun a shekara ta 2006 . A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2006, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta nada wani kwamitin bincike ƙarƙashin jagorancin Archbishop Desmond Tutu na Anglican don gudanar da bincike kan harin. Duk da wahalhalun da aka fuskanta a farkon shiga yankin ta hanyar Isra'ila, hukumar ƙarƙashin jagorancin masanin shari'a Christine Chinkin da Archbishop Desmond Tutu na Afirka ta Kudu, sun shiga Gaza ta Masar.  Rahoton karshe na Tutu ga kwamitin kare hakkin bil'adama na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya  ya kammala da cewa "[I] a cikin rashin samun ingantaccen bayani daga sojojin Isra'ila - wanda ke da ikon mallakar ainihin abubuwan da suka dace - manufa dole ne ta kammala cewa akwai yiwuwar harin na Beit Hanoun ya zama laifin yaki ." 

A ranar 27 ga Maris, 2007, ruwan najasa ya mamaye yankin arewacin Umm al-Nasser na Beit Hanoun, inda ya kashe mutane biyar. 

Harsashi da rokoki sun afkawa Beit Hanoun an kai hari sau da yawa a rikicin Isra'ila da Gaza na 2014 . Harin da Isra'ila ta kai wata makarantar Elementary ta UNWRA ta kashe mutane 11-15 da suka hada da mata da yara.  Dakarun tsaron Isra'ila sun yi iƙirarin cewa "dakarun tsaron Isra'ila sun ci karo da wuta mai tsanani a kusa da makarantar, ciki har da makami mai linzami ... 

### Yaƙin Gaza (2023-yanzu)
Dakarun Isra'ila sun mamaye birnin a ranar 27 ga Oktoban shekara ta 2023.   A ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, IDF ta wuce birnin, duk da haka, an ci gaba da kai musu hari a bayan fagen daga saboda kasancewar Saraya Al Quds da mayakan Al-Qassam. Sakamakon gagarumin kamfen ɗin bama-bamai da mamaye ƙasa, an yi imanin cewa Beit Hanoun ya lalace gaba daya kuma an lalata shi, tare da lalata da yawa har aka bayyana shi a matsayin "babu sauran".   A ranar 18 ga Disamba 2023, an ba da rahoton cewa sojojin Isra'ila suna da cikakken iko a Beit Hanoun kuma sun lalata Battalion na Hamas na Beit Hanoun.  

Sai dai kafofin yaɗa labaran cikin gida sun yi ikirarin cewa a ranar 24 ga watan Disamba, sojojin Isra'ila sun bar birnin Beit Hanoun saboda sauran faɗan da Falasdinawa ke yi a birnin.   Kafofin yada labarai masu zaman kansu ba su tabbatar da janyewar IDF ba. An ga farar hula suna yayyaga tutocin Isra'ila da aka kada a birnin a karshen watan Disamba. 

A ranar 6 ga Fabrairu 2024 an ba da rahoton cewa IDF na sake yin aiki a Bait Hanoun kuma sojojin sun gano "'yan ta'adda hudu da ke kokarin kafa kayan aikin sa ido a wani yunƙuri na maido da damar tattara bayanan sirri" a Beit Hanoun kuma sun kaddamar da yajin aiki a kansu.

A ranar 31 ga Mayu 2024, IDF ta sake ƙarewa daga Beit Hanoun bayan wani aiki na kwanaki 20 wanda ya nuna ƙarshen Yaƙin Jabalia . 

Beit Hanoun na daya daga cikin biranen uku da Isra'ila ta kai wa hari a lokacin da ta mamaye arewacin Gaza, wanda ya kasance daga Oktoba 2024 zuwa Janairu 2025.

A ranar 8 ga Yulin shekarar 2025, sojojin Isra'ila sun kewaye yankin Beit Hanoun "daga ko'ina," tare da sojojin Netzah Yehuda Battalion da 646th Reserve Paratroopers Brigade, kuma suna ƙoƙarin yin cikakken iko a yankin da suka kasa kamawa a lokacin arangamar da aka yi a birnin. Hakan ya biyo bayan harin da ƙungiyar Hamas ta kai kan dakarun HKI a ranar 7 ga watan Yuli inda aka kashe sojojin HKI biyar tare da jikkata 14.

## Cibiyoyin ilimi da lafiya
Akwai makarantun sakandare goma sha biyu, firamare da noma a Beit Hanoun da kwalejin aikin gona da ke da alaƙa da Jami'ar al-Azhar - Gaza . Akwai cibiyar kula da lafiya da asibiti a cikin birnin da kuma asibitoci da dama da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ke kula da su.  Dukkansu an mayar da su ba a iya amfani da su ko kuma sun lalata su a lokacin yakin Gaza.

## Alkaluma
A cikin shekara ta 1922, Beit Hanoun tana da  885.   1931, yawan jama'a ya ragu kaɗan zuwa 849. Yawan jama'a ya sake karuwa da 1945 zuwa 1,730 (Musulmi 1,680 da Yahudawa 50).   A cikin 1961, yawan jama'a ya karu zuwa 3,876. 

Mazaunan Beit Hanoun suna da asali iri-iri, ciki har da mutanen Masar, Kurdawa daga Hebron, Hauran (kudu maso yammacin Siriya ), Transjordan, da al'ummomin Bedouin . 

A cikin ƙidayar farko a hukumance ta Hukumar Kididdiga ta Tsakiyar Falasdinu (PCBS), Beit Hanoun tana da yawan jama'a 20,780. Fiye da kashi 90% na mazaunan Palasdinawa 'yan gudun hijira ne .  Akwai maza 10,479 da mata 10,301. Mutanen da ke da shekaru 14 ko sama da haka sun kasance mafi rinjaye a 65.6%, mutanen da ke tsakanin shekarun 20 zuwa 44 sun kasance 26.8%, 45 zuwa 64 sun kasance 5.7%, kuma mazauna sama da shekaru 65 sun kasance 1.9%. 

Ya zuwa tsakiyar Disamba na shekarar 2023, sakamakon yakin Gaza, Beit Hanoun ya lalace gaba ɗaya, kuma kusan dukkanin gine-ginenta ko dai sun lalace ko kuma ba a iya amfani da su saboda tsananin lalacewa.

## Duba kuma

* 2004 Isra'ila sun kai farmaki a arewacin zirin Gaza
* 2006 Isra'ila ta fara aiki a Beit Hanoun

## Manazarta

## Littafi Mai Tsarki
 

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Barka da zuwa Birnin Bayt Hanun
* Binciken Falasdinawa ta Yamma, Taswira 19: IAA ,