Meinrat Andreae

**Meinrat O. Andreae**, an haife shi a shekarar 1949 a Augsburg, ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar halittu ne na ƙasar Jamus. Tun daga shekarar 1987, ya yi aiki a matsayin Darakta kuma memba na kimiyya a Cibiyar Nazarin Sinadarai ta Max Planck (MPIC) da ke Mainz . 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Meinrat O. Andreae ya yi karatun ilmin sunadarai, ilmin ma'adinai, da kuma ilmin geochemistry a Jami'o'in Karlsruhe da Göttingen . A cikin takardar digirinsa ta difloma, ya yi nazarin sinadaran da isotope geochemistry na duwatsu masu yawan metamorphic na kudancin Norway . A shekarar 1977, ya kammala karatunsa na PhD a fannin nazarin teku daga Cibiyar Scripps ta Oceanography a Jami'ar California da ke San Diego . A cikin takardar digirinsa ta digiri na uku, ya yi nazari kan sinadaran da ke tattare da arsenic a cikin teku. Ya gano cewa algae na planktonic suna daidaita yanayin iskar oxygen na arsenic a cikin ruwan teku kuma suna haɗa nau'ikan mahadi na organoarsenic. Wani bincike na biyu na aikinsa shi ne cewa phytoplankton na teku shi ma yana ƙera kayan da ake amfani da su don sinadarin sulfur mai canzawa dimethyl sulfide .

Andreae ya koyar da ilimin teku a Sashen Nazarin Teku a Jami'ar Jihar Florida da ke Tallahassee, daga 1978 zuwa 1982 a matsayin mataimakin farfesa, sannan daga 1982 zuwa 1986 a matsayin mataimakin farfesa, kuma daga 1986 zuwa 1987 a matsayin cikakken farfesa. A wannan lokacin ya yi bincike kan zagayowar sinadarin sulfur a cikin teku da kuma a cikin sararin samaniya. Tare da Robert Jay Charlson, James Lovelock, da Stephen G. Warren, ya ƙirƙiro hasashen CLAW, wanda aka sanya wa suna bayan haruffan marubutan. Wannan hasashen ya bayyana cewa dimethyl sulfide daga teku yana canzawa a cikin yanayi zuwa ƙwayoyin sulfate, wanda daga nan ke shafar samuwar gajimare da kuma yanayi. Sauran ayyukan wannan lokacin sun shafi canje-canjen biogeochemical na mahaɗan arsenic, antimony, selenium, tellurium da tin a cikin yanayin halittu na ruwa da ƙasa. A cikin shekarun 1980, ya kasance tare da Paul Crutzen ɗaya daga cikin masana kimiyya na farko da suka gano mahimmancin ƙona biomass a duniya.

A shekarar 1987, an naɗa shi memba na Cibiyar Nazarin Sinadarai ta Max Planck (MPIC) da ke Mainz a matsayin darakta kuma memba na kimiyya. Ya ƙaddamar da Sashen Biogeochemistry a MPIC kuma ya tsara babban ajanda na bincike kan fannonin sinadarai na Kimiyyar Tsarin Duniya. A can, ya ci gaba da aikinsa kan zagayowar biogeochemical na karafa masu kama da juna, kuma ya faɗaɗa karatunsa zuwa samar da aerosols daga hayakin sulfur na ruwa. Yaƙin neman zaɓe a dajin Amazon ya haifar da wani sabon mayar da hankali, hanyoyin biogeochemical na musayar tsakanin dazuzzukan wurare masu zafi da yanayi. A kan balaguro a Kongo, Amazon, da Kudancin Afirka, ya yi nazarin hayakin da ke fitowa daga gobarar ciyayi, musayar iskar gas mai kama da juna, da kuma samar da ƙwayoyin aerosol masu kama da juna. Tun daga shekarar 2000, bincike kan rawar da aerosols na yanayi ke takawa a tsarin yanayi ya kasance a tsakiyar binciken Andreae. A shekarar 2009, ya kafa sabuwar ƙungiyar aiki, yana amfani da hanyoyin isotope geochemistry da mass spectrometry ga matsalolin paleoclimatology da marine biogeochemistry .

A matsayinsa na farfesa mai ziyara, Andreae ya koyar a Jami'ar Antwerp, Cibiyar Bincike ta Ƙasa a Boulder, Jami'ar California, Irvine da Cibiyar Fasaha ta California da ke Pasadena . Shi memba ne na kwamitin jagoranci na kimiyya na *Babban Scale Biosphere Atmosphere Experiment a Amazonia* (LBA) kuma shi ne shugaban *Nazarin Tsarin Tsarin Halittu na Ƙasashen Duniya* na IGBP (ILEAPS). Bugu da ƙari, Andreae editan bita ne na mujallar Science . A shekara ta 2009 ya zama memba na Ƙungiyar Amurka don Ci Gaban Kimiyya,  a shekara ta 2012 ya zama memba na Ƙasashen Waje na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Brazil, a shekara ta 2013 an zaɓe shi a matsayin memba na girmamawa na Ƙasashen Waje na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka,  kuma a shekara ta 2014 an ba shi lambar yabo ta Waldo E. Smith  kuma ya zama memba na Ƙungiyar Geophysical ta Amurka . A cikin 2010, Jami'ar Ghent da ke Belgium ta ba Andreae digiri na Doctor honoris causa.

Meinrat O. Andreae da abokan aikinsa sun buga labarai kusan 500 a cikin mujallu da littattafai na kimiyya.

## Bincike
Masana kimiyya na Sashen Biogeochemistry na MPIC, tare da haɗin gwiwa da Sashen Kimiyyar Yanayi da Kimiyyar Halittu Masu Sauƙi, suna nazarin hulɗar da ke tsakanin yanayi da yanayin halittu na duniyarmu. Sakamakon waɗannan nazarin yana ba da gudummawa ga fahimtar zagayowar biogeochemical na duniya, hanyoyin yanayi na duniya, da tasirin ɗan adam akan waɗannan hanyoyin.

## Bidiyo

* Takaitaccen Bidiyo na binciken Andreae kan samuwar gajimare

## Manazarta