Haƙƙin rayuwa

Hakkin Rayuwa: shine imani cewa mutum ko wani dabba yana da damar rayuwar kansa, musamman bai kamata wani abu An kashe shi ba. Ma'anar haƙƙin rayuwa ta taso ne a cikin muhawara game da batutuwa da suka haɗa da hukuncin kisa, tare da wasu suna ganin shi a matsayin lalata; zubar da ciki, tare da ganin tayin a matsayin ɗan adam a farkon yanayin ci gaba wanda bai kamata a kawo ƙarshen rayuwarsa ba; euthanasia, inda yanke shawara don kawo ƙarshen rayuwar mutum a waje da hanyar halitta ana ganin ba daidai ba; samarwa da amfani, inda wasu mutane ke ganin kiwo da kashe dabbobi don naman su a matsayin keta haƙƙinsu; kuma a cikin kashe-kashen su ta hanyar aiwatar da doka, wanda wasu ke ganin shi a cikin mutane. Mutane daban-daban na iya rashin jituwa a wane daga cikin waɗannan yankuna ka'idar haƙƙin rayuwa za ta iya amfani da ita.

Kalmar "dama ga rayuwa" ana amfani da ita a ciki muhawara ta zubar da ciki ta waɗanda suke so su kawo ƙarshen aikin zubar da cikin ciki, ko aƙalla rage yawan aikin,  kuma a cikin mahallin ciki, "Paparoma Pius XII"ya gabatar da kalmar haƙƙin rayuwa a lokacin litattafan papa na 1951.Kowane mutum, har ma da yaro a cikin mahaifa, yana da 'yancin rayuwa kai tsaye daga Allah ba daga iyayensa ba, ba daga kowane al'umma ko ikon ɗan adam ba. Sabili da haka, babu mutum, babu wata al'umma, babu ikon ɗan adam, babu kimiyya, babu ko wata "alamu" ko dai likita ne, eugenic, zamantakewa, tattalin arziƙi, ko ɗabi'a wanda zai iya bayarwa ko ba da takardar shari'a mai inganci don zubar da kai tsaye da rayuwar ɗan adam marar laifi

: - Paparoma Pius XII, Adireshin ga masu juna biyu game da Yanayin Ayyukansu na Papal Encyclical, ranar 29 ga watan Oktoban shekarar 1951. 
A cikin 1966 Taron Kasa na Bishops na Katolika (NCCB) ya tambayi Fr. James T. McHugh don fara lura da abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin sake fasalin zubar da ciki a cikin Amurka. An kafa Kwamitin 'Yancin Rayuwa na Kasa (NRLC) a cikin shekarar 1967 a matsayin Ƙungiyar 'Yancin rayuka don daidaita kamfen dinta na jihar a karkashin jagorancin Taron Kasa na Bishops na Katolika. Don yin kira ga wani yunkuri mai zurfi, wanda ba na addini ba, manyan shugabannin Minnesota sun ba da shawarar tsarin tsari wanda zai raba NRLC daga kulawar kai tsaye na Taron Bishops na Katolika na Kasa kuma a farkon 1973 Darakta na NRLC Fr. James T. McHugh da mataimakinsa na zartarwa, Michael Taylor, sun ba da shawarar wani shiri daban, don sauƙaƙe NRLC zuwa ga 'yancin kai daga Cocin Roman Katolika.

Wasu mai amfani da ƙa'idoji suna jayayya cewa "dama ga rayuwa", inda yake, ya dogara da wasu yanayi ban da kasancewa cikin jinsin ɗan adam. masanin falsafa Peter Singer sanannen mai goyon bayan wannan gardamar ne. Ga Singer, haƙƙin rayuwa ya dogara ne akan ikon tsarawa da tsammanin makomar mutum. Wannan ya fadada ra'ayin ga dabbobi marasa rai, kamar sauran birai, amma tunda wadanda ba a haife su ba, jarirai da nakasassu ba su da wannan, ya bayyana cewa zubar da ciki, kisan jarirai mara zafi da euthanasia za a iya "halatta" (amma ba tilas ba ne) a wasu yanayi na musamman, misali a yanayin jariri mai nakasa wanda rayuwarsa za ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin wahala.

Masana ilimin halittu da ke da alaƙa da Hakkin nakasassu da al'ummomin Nazarin nakasassu sun yi jayayya cewa ilimin Singer ya dogara ne akan ra'ayoyin ƙwarewa na nakasassu.

## Manazarta