Donald Luskin

**Donald Luskin** (an haife shi a watan Afrilu 1954) Babban Jami'in Zuba Jari ne na Trend Macrolytics LLC, wani kamfanin ba da shawara da ya kafa a shekara ta 2001, yana ba da dabarun saka hannun jari da hasashen tattalin arziki na manyan kamfanoni da bincike ga masu zuba jari na cibiyoyi . Luskin yana ba da gudummawa ga sharhi a shafin edita na Wall Street Journal, kuma yana fitowa akai-akai a Fox Business . Ya kasance mai ba da gudummawa na CNBC a da, edita mai ba da gudummawa kuma marubuci ga National Review Online (NRO), kuma marubuci mai rubutu a TheStreet.com . Sharhinsa na kafofin watsa labarai da bayyanarsa sun shafi saka hannun jari, tattalin arziki da siyasa.

Luskin ya buga littattafai uku, *Fihirisar Zaɓuɓɓuka da Futures: The Complete Guide*,  *Inshorar Fayil: Jagora ga Dynamic Hedging*  da kuma *I Am John Galt: Jaruman Masu Ƙirƙira Gina Duniya da Mugayen Parasites Destroying It* (wanda ya rubuta tare da Andrew Greta). 

Luskin ya kuma rubuta wani shafin yanar gizo mai suna "The Conspiracy to Keep You Poor and Stupid," bisa ga taken littafinsa da ba a buga ba tukuna. Lakabin shafin shine: "Yadda manyan gwamnati, manyan kasuwanci, manyan kafofin watsa labarai da manyan makarantu ke toshe hanyarka zuwa ga 'yancin kuɗi - kuma suna gaya maka cewa don amfanin kanka ne." Luskin mai ikirarin kansa mai sassaucin ra'ayi ne, kuma shafinsa yana da alaƙa da wasu shafukan yanar gizo na kuɗi da siyasa waɗanda ke goyon bayan irin wannan imani.

## Tarihin rayuwa da nasarorin da aka samu
A cikin tsohon shafinsa na yanar gizo, Luskin ya ce "ya halarci Yale a 1973–1974; ya daina zuwa don sake shiga duniyar gaske da wuri-wuri." 

Bayan ya bar jami'a, Luskin ya yi aiki na tsawon shekaru da dama a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan kirkire-kirkire ga kamfanonin Los Angeles kamar Mattel da Teledyne, da kuma gidajen sinima na LucasFilm da Warner Brothers, inda ya yi aiki a kan fitattun fina-finai kamar The Shining na Stanley Kubrick da kuma Altered States na Ken Russell . Shi da abokan aikinsa biyu sun ƙirƙiro jerin farautar dukiya ta dare ɗaya, ɗaya daga cikinsu an daidaita shi zuwa fim ɗin Walt Disney mai *suna Midnight Madness* . 

Aikin saka hannun jari na Luskin ya fara ne a shekarar 1979, lokacin da ya fara asusun hedge a matsayin mai samar da kasuwar zaɓuɓɓuka a kasuwar hannayen jari ta Pacific . Yayin da asusunsa ke ƙaruwa da bunƙasa, ya zama mai samar da kasuwa a kasuwar zaɓuɓɓukan Board ta Chicago (inda ya taimaka wajen fara ciniki a fannin zaɓuɓɓukan index, aiwatar da kwangilar OEX ta farko) da kuma kasuwar hannayen jari ta New York, inda ya yi ciniki da kwangilar zaɓi ta farko a tarihin NYSE.

A shekarar 1984 Luskin ya shiga Jefferies & Co., wani kamfanin dillali. A can a matsayinsa na babban mataimakin shugaban kasa, ya ƙirƙiro POSIT, wata hanyar sadarwa mai ratsawa wadda ke ba wa masu zuba jari na cibiyoyi damar musayar dukkan takardunsu da juna. Daga baya aka ƙirƙiri POSIT daga Jefferies a matsayin wani kamfani daban da aka yi ciniki da shi a bainar jama'a, wato Investment Technology Group .

A shekarar 1987, Luskin ya shiga Wells Fargo Investment Advisors, wani sashe na Wells Fargo Bank, a matsayin babban mataimakin shugaban kasa mai kula da harkokin gudanar da zuba jari da ciniki. Ya zama mataimakin shugaban kasa lokacin da kamfanin ya hade da Nikko Securities a shekarar 1989, inda ya zama Wells Fargo Nikko Investment Advisors. Lokacin da Barclays Bank ya sayi kamfanin a shekarar 1995 kuma ya zama Barclays Global Investors, Luskin ya zama babban jami'in gudanarwa na harkokin kasuwancin duniya na kamfanin a cikin asusun hadin gwiwa . Daga baya BlackRock ya sayi kamfanin. A cikin shekaru goma sha daya da Luskin ya yi tare da kamfanin, kadarorin da ke karkashin gudanarwa sun karu daga dala biliyan 69 zuwa sama da dala biliyan 500. Luskin ya dauki nauyin kirkire-kirkire da dama a cikin asusun index da zuba jari na adadi - gami da bunkasa asusun index na cikin gida da na kasa da kasa, wadanda kowannensu ya zarce matsayinsa fiye da lokacin Luskin. Luskin ya kirkiro iyalan iShares ETF  kuma ya kirkiro asusun LifePath, asusun hadin gwiwa na farko da aka yi niyya, wanda shi ne wanda aka nada a matsayin wanda ya kirkire shi bisa takardar izinin mallakar Amurka . 

A watan Agusta na shekarar 1999, a lokacin da ake fuskantar matsalar fasaha, Luskin da abokin tarayya Dave Nadig sun fara Asusun Buɗewa na MetaMarkets, asusun haɗin gwiwa na farko da ya buga ciniki da kuma lissafa hannun jarinsa a ainihin lokaci ta hanyar gidan yanar gizon sa. Wannan "bayyananne" da "buɗewa," in ji Luskin da Nadig, wani ci gaba ne a duniyar kuɗi, daidai da juyin juya halin siyasa da sauye-sauyen dimokuraɗiyya na duniya na shekarun 1990, saboda ya daidaita filin wasa ga matsakaicin mai zuba jari kuma ya hambarar da "manyan masu kuɗi."  MetaMarkets.com, kamfanin da Luskin da Nadig suka kafa don gudanar da OpenFund, galibi sashin kasuwanci na kamfanin kayan alatu na duniya LVMH ne ya ba da kuɗin. Mujallar  ta yaba da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin "kamfanoni mafi kyau" a Amurka a shekarar 2000. Wasu masu sharhi sun yi watsi da tsarin su a matsayin "ƙarya," ba tare da alaƙa da saka hannun *jari* ba: "Sun kawo allunan hira zuwa rayuwa a cikin asusun haɗin gwiwa."  A lokacin da ya kai kololuwar sa, OpenFund ta sami jarin dala miliyan 45, kuma manyan mukamai na asusun sun haɗa da kamfanoni kamar JDS Uniphase da Extreme Networks . A ƙarshen 1999, OpenFund tana cikin ƴan kaɗan daga cikin asusun haɗin gwiwa mafi kyau a Amurka. Bayan kasuwa ta hauhawa a watan Maris na 2000, ƙimar kamfanonin fasaha ta faɗi kuma masu zuba jari da yawa na OpenFund sun fanshi hannun jarinsu.  An rufe asusun a lokacin bazara na 2001, bayan rasa yawancin kuɗin masu zuba jari. Rahotannin da aka buga sun lura cewa asusun buɗe ya rasa fiye da rabin ƙimarsa. 

## Hasashen
Tsawon shekaru, wasu daga cikin hasashen Luskin sun jawo ce-ce-ku-ce. A watan Mayun 2001, lokacin da yake marubuci a shafin yanar gizo na kuɗi naStreet.com, ya yi hasashen sabuwar kasuwar hannun jari ta zinare da zinare, wanda hakan ya jawo suka mai tsanani daga abokan aikinsa, ciki har da Jim Cramer .  Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, ƙarar da Luskin ke yi wa Cramer ta haifar da murabus ɗinsa dagaStreet.com ta hanyar rubuce-rubuce a ainihin lokaci a kan allunan tattaunawa na shafin wanda ya zama sanadin shahara a yanar gizo. 

Hasashen Luskin ya sake haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce a shekarar 2008 lokacin da, a cikin wani rahoto na ra'ayin jaridar *The Washington Post* ta watan Satumba,  ya ambaci shaidar abin da ya yi iƙirarin cewa kurakuran gaskiya ne da Barack Obama da membobin yakin neman zabensa suka yi game da yanayin tattalin arziki. Luskin ya yi iƙirarin cewa kasuwa tana da kyau, kuma Obama kawai yana amfani da yanayin tattalin arziki ne don ɓata wa John McCain suna. Duk da haka, washegari, Lehman Brothers ya shigar da ƙara a kan mafi girman fatarar kuɗi a tarihin Amurka kuma bayan kwana biyu, a ranar 16 ga Satumba, kasuwannin hannayen jari sun yi tashin gwauron zabi. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin wannan editan, ya ambaci shaidar cewa tattalin arzikin ya yi rauni, amma ba a cikin koma bayan tattalin arziki ba. Ya rubuta, "... duk wanda ya ce muna cikin koma bayan tattalin arziki, ko kuma yana kan hanya ɗaya - musamman mafi muni tun bayan Babban Bala'in Tattalin Arziki - yana ƙirƙirar ma'anarsa ta sirri ta koma bayan tattalin arziki." Ba da daɗewa ba bayan rugujewar Lehman da wasu manyan kamfanonin kuɗi da dama, tattalin arzikin ya tabarbare sosai, kuma daga baya Ofishin Bincike na Tattalin Arziki na Ƙasa ya ayyana cewa yana cikin koma bayan tattalin arziki duk shekara.  *Manufofin Harkokin Waje* sun haɗa da hasashen Luskin a cikin jerin "Mafi Mummunan Hasashen 10 na 2008" a shafin yanar gizon sa.  Editocin *Littafin Yale na Magana* sun kuma lura da lokacin da bai dace ba na editan Luskin kuma sun haɗa da hasashensa a cikin jerin "Manyan maganganu goma na 2008".  An ware shi a matsayin "wasu daga cikin mafi munin sharhi, asarar kuɗi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan." 

## Rikici da Paul Krugman
Luskin ya kasance mai kawo cece-kuce a matsayinsa na ƙwararren masanin jama'a. Yawancin shafinsa na yanar gizo da kuma yawancin ginshiƙansa *na NRO* sun kasance ne ga hujjojin da ke nuna cewa 'yan siyasa, masana kimiyya da kafofin watsa labarai suna karkatar da gaskiyar tattalin arziki, adadi, da yanayin da ake ciki. Yana da ƙiyayya ta musamman ga jaridar *[[New York Times|The New York Times]]*, musamman marubuci kuma wanda ya lashe kyautar *Nobel* Paul Krugman, wanda ya yi ƙoƙarin karyata maganganun tattalin arziki. Luskin shi ne shugaban abin da ya kira "Krugman Truth Squad," ƙungiyar masu rubutun ra'ayin kanka a yanar gizo waɗanda suka sadaukar da kansu don yin cikakken bayani da kuma musanta abin da suke ɗauka a matsayin ƙarya da karkacewar Krugman. 

A cewar Daniel Okrent, tsohon Editan Jama'a na *Times*, "Luskin yana aiki a matsayin Javert zuwa Jean Valjean na Krugman. Daga wani wuri a *National Review Online*, yana yawan kai hari ga tunanin Krugman, siyasarsa, ka'idojin tattalin arzikinsa, halinsa da kuma daidaitonsa."  Luskin ya yi iƙirarin cewa aikinsa ya haifar da gyare-gyare daga Krugman da kuma "ƙaddamar da sabuwar manufar gyara ga dukkan shafin edita *na Times* ." 

Krugman yakan mayar da martani kai tsaye ga sukar Luskin. A wani lokaci Luskin ya zargi Krugman da yin kuskure a kimantawarsa kan kuɗaɗen da tasirin rage haraji na 2003.  Krugman ya mayar da martani da jerin rubuce-rubuce a shafinsa na yanar gizo.  A cikin wani rubutu makamancin haka, da alama yana nuni ga dagewar sukar Luskin, Krugman ya kira Luskin da "babban mai bin diddiginsa ".  Daga baya, bayan Luskin ya bayyana a wani taron sanya hannu kan littafin Krugman, Krugman ya ce game da Luskin a shirin talabijin na Fox News *Hannity da Colmes*, "Wannan mutum ne, wannan mutum ne wanda a zahiri yake bin diddigina a yanar gizo, kuma ya taɓa bin diddigina da kaina".  Ƙiyayyar da ke tsakanin Luskin da Krugman ta yi tsanani har ta zama batun labarin da aka buga a *jaridar The New Yorker* tare da maganganu masu yawa daga mutanen biyu.  Atrios ( Duncan Black ) mai rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo ya maimaita yadda Krugman ya kwatanta Luskin a matsayin mai bin diddigin mutane, wanda hakan ya haifar da barazanar shigar da ƙarar shari'a daga lauyoyin da ke wakiltar Luskin.  

## Manazarta