Rana

**Rana** (alama: ), wata babbar halitta ce da ke fitar da iska da haske sakamakon ci da wuta da take yi, haka ne ya sa ta zama fitilar da ke haskaka **sararin samaniya** gaba ɗaya, a taƙaice dai rana ita ce ke haskaka gaba ɗayan Duniyoyin da ke cikin **sararin sama** gaba dayansu. Duniyoyin suna zagaye da rana a bisa ƙudirar Ubangiji suna yin zagayen ne akasin hannun agogo wato suna yin zagayen ne ta hannun hagu. Shi ya sa mu duniyarmu take daukar har tsawon kwanaki **360** kafin ta gama zagaye rana, haka nan kowacce duniya aƙwai adadin kwanakin da take dauka kafin ta gama zagaye rana.

Rana ita ce fitila mafi girma a cikin sararin samaniya. Ita ce ke samar da haske mafi karfi.

## Solar radiation

Rana tana fitar da haske a fadin bakan da ake gani, don haka launi yana da fari, tare da alamar launi na sararin samaniya na CIE kusa (0.3, 0.3), lokacin da aka kalli daga sararin samaniya ko lokacin da Rana ke da girma a sama. Hasken rana ta kowane tsawo yana da tsawo a cikin bangaren kore na bakan lokacin da aka kalli shi daga sararin samaniya.

Lokacin da Rana ta yi ƙasa sosai a sararin sama, Yaduwar yanayi yana sa Rana ta zama rawaya, ja, orange, ko magenta,kuma a lokuta masu wuya har ma da kore ko shudi. Wasu al'adu suna tunanin Rana a matsayin rawaya kuma wasu ma ja;dalilai na al'adu na wannan suna muhawara. An rarraba Sun a matsayin tauraron *G*2**', ma'ana tauraron G ne,tare da 2 yana nuna zafin jikinta yana cikin kewayon na biyu na ajin G.**

Adadin hasken rana shine adadin wutar da Rana ke adanawa a kowane yanki wanda aka fallasa kai tsaye ga hasken rana. Hasken rana a saman Duniya yana ragewa ta hanyar Yanayin duniya,don haka karancin iko ya isa saman (kusa da 1,000 W / m2) acikin yanayi mai haske lokacin da Rana ke kusa da zenith. Hasken rana a saman yanayin duniya ya ƙunshi (ta hanyar jimlar makamashi) na kusan 50% infrared haske, 40% bayyane haske,da 10% ultraviolet haske. Yanayin yanayi yana tacewa sama da kashi 70% na ultraviolet na rana,musamman a gajerun wavelengths. Hasken rana na ultraviolet yana ba da haske ga sararin samaniya na duniya,yana haifar da ionosphere mai gudanar da lantarki.

Hasken Ultraviolet daga rana yana da kaddarorin antiseptic kuma ana iya amfani dashi don tsabtace kayan aiki da ruwa. Wannan radiation yana haifar da konewar rana,kuma yana da wasu tasirin halittu kamar samar da Bitamin D da kuma hasken rana. Shine babban dalilin Ciwon daji na fata. Hasken Ultraviolet yana raguwa sosai ta hanyar Layer na ozone na Duniya,don haka adadin UV ya bambanta sosai tare da latitude kuma yana da wani ɓangare na alhakin sauye-sauye da yawa na halitta,gami da bambance-bambance a cikin Launi na fata na mutum.

Hotunan hasken gamma masu ƙarfi da aka saki da farko tare da halayen haɗuwa acikin tsakiya kusan nan da nan sun shawo kan plasma na hasken rana na yankin radiative, yawanci bayan tafiya kawai 'yan millimeters. Sake fitarwa yana faruwa a cikin bazuwar kuma yawanci a dan kadan karami. Tare da wannan jerin hayaki da sha,yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo don radiation ya kai saman Sun. Kimanin lokacin tafiye-tafiye na photon yana tsakanin shekaru 10,000 da kuma 170,000. &nbsp; Sabanin haka,yana ɗaukar kawai 2.3 seconds don neutrinos,wanda yake da kusan 2% na jimlar samar da makamashi na Rana, don isa farfajiya. &nbsp; Saboda jigilar makamashi acikin Rana tsari ne wanda ya haɗa da photons acikin daidaitattun thermodynamic tare da kwayoyin halitta, sikelin lokaci na jigilar makamai a cikin Ranar ya fi tsayi,a kan tsari na shekaru 30,000,000. &nbsp; Wannan shine lokacin da zai dauki Rana don komawa cikin kwanciyar hankali idan an canza yawan samar da makamashi acikin tsakiya ba zato ba tsammani.

Ana fitar da Neutrinos na lantarki ta hanyar halayen haduwa a cikin core,amma, ba kamar photons ba, ba sa hulɗa da kwayoyin halitta,don haka kusan duk suna iya tserewa daga Sun nan da nan. Koyaya,ma'auni na yawan waɗannan neutrinos da aka samar a cikin Rana sun fi kasa da ka'idojin da aka annabta ta hanyar kashi 3. A shekara ta 2001, binciken oscillation na neutrino ya warware bambancin: Sun yana fitar da adadin neutrinos na lantarki da ka'idar ta annabta,amma masu gano neutrino sun bace  daga cikinsu saboda neutrinos sun canza dandano a lokacin da aka gano su.

Kumbon da Hukumar nazarin sararin samaniya ta Turai ta tura zuwa duniyar rana, a karon farko ya turo hotuna na farko da aka taɓa gani na ɓarin kudancin duniyar rana.

Ana sa ran hotunan za su ƙara wa masana kimiyya fahimta kan rayuwar duniyar rana a lokutan da take tafarfasa da kuma lokacin da takan natsu.

Wannan na da muhimmanci sosai kasancewar abubuwan da ke faruwa da duniyar rana na iya shafar harkar sadarwa da kuma katse wutar lantarki a duniyar bil'adama.

Hotunan sun nuna wani yanki mai gagarumin tsananin haske a kan rana wanda zafinsa a wasu lokuta kan kai maki miliyan ɗaya a ama'aunin zafi.

A tsakankanin yankin kuma akwai giragizan sinadarai waɗanda zafinsu bai kai tsananin sauran yankin ba, amma duk da haka su ma zafinsu kan kai maki 100,000 a ma'aunin zafi. kumbon ya turo su ne waɗanda aka ɗauka a wuri mafi kusanci da rana kuma mafiya kyawu, kuma farfesa Carole Mundell ta Hukumar nazarin samaniyar Turai ta ce za su bayyana wa ɗan'adam wani sirri na duniyar rana. "A yau mun kawo muku hotunan wani sashen duniya da ɗan'adam bai taɓa gani ba," in ji ta. "Rana ita ce tauraro mafi kusa da mu, wadda ke taimaka wa rayuwarmu, wadda kuma za ta iya yin cikas ga aikin binciken sararin samaniya da hanyoyin samar da lantarki a duniya, saboda haka yana da muhimmanci mu fahimci yadda rana ke rayuwa domin samun ilimin yin hasashe kan abin da za ta iya yi".

Daga nan duniyarmu, ana hangen rana a matsayin wata ƙwallo mai haskakawa. To amma masana kimiyya na amfani da wasu na'urori wajen ganin ainahin yadda take: a matsayin wani curin ruwan sanadarai mai jujjuyawa tana tunzuri tare da amon tururin sanadarai zuwa sararin samaniya. Ƙarfin maganadinsu da ke jikin rana ne ke tantance lokutan da rana kan tunzura ta hankaɗo sanadarai zuwa duniyarmu. Masana kimiyya sun san cewa akwai lokutan da rana kan natsu sa'ilin da ƙarfin maganaɗisun da ke jikinta suka daidaita tsakanin ɓarinta na arewa da kuma ɓarinta na kudu. A wannan lokaci rana ba ta yin tunzuri ko yin amon tururi cikin fushi. To sai dai akwai lokutan da abubuwan kan cakuda su garwaya, su yamutse inda sukan fusata sa'ilin da suke sauya mazauni tsakanin ɓarin arewaci da kuma kudancin rana, inda suka juya a cikin kimanin shekara 11. A lokacin da aka samu wannan hargitsewa ne rana ke fitar da abubuwan da ta ƙunsa a fusace, inda wani ɓangare na irin wannan amai da ranar ke yi kan tunkuɗo zuwa wajajen duniyarmu. Irin wannan tumbuɗi kan iya lalata taurarin zamanin sadarwa da cibiyoyin samar da ƙarfin lantarki, duk da cewa kuma sukan samar da wasu launuka masu kyawun gani a sararin samaniya. Farfesa Lucie Green ta ce yana zamewa abu mai wahala bil'adama su yi hasashen irin waɗannan abubuwa da ke faruwa a rana ta hanyar amfani da kwamfutocin da ake da su kasancewar babu isasshen bayani kan yadda waɗannan sadadari da ƙarfin maganaɗisu ke yin ƙaura daga arewaci zuwa kudancin rana da kuma akasin hakan. Sai dai ta ce a yanzu lamarin ya sauya. "Yanzu mun gano sirrin abin da ya shige mana duhu," kamar yadda ta shaida wa BBC.

Babban maƙasudin binciken shi ne a samar da wata na'urar kwamfuta mai sanya ido kan rana ta yadda za ta iya lura da kuma yin hasashen waɗannan sauye-sauyen yanayi da ake samu a kan duniya rana. Iya samun tartibin hasashe kan sauyawar yanayin rana zai bai wa masu lura da taurarin ɗan'adam da tashoshin samar da lantarki da kuma masu sha'awar kallon hasken sararin samaniya mai launuka masu ban sha'awa tsara ayyukansu. "Kumbon zagayen duniyar rana zai taimaka mana wajen gano tushen ilimin sauyawar yanayi a sararin samaniya. Amma akwai sauran aiki ƙalilan da za mu yi domin kaiwa inda za mu iya ganin alamun gane cewa rana za ta yi tumbudin da zai iya kawowa duniyarmu," in ji Farfesa Christopher Owen. Kumbon nazarin duniyar ranar ya kuma ɗauko hoton sanadarai a wuri daban-daban na duniyar rana da kuma yadda suke wulgawa. A karon farko, tsarin da aka yi amfani da shi wajen ɗaukar hoton sanadaran an yi amfani da shi wajen auna saurin tafiyar curin sanadaran duniyar. Wannan zai taimaka wajen fayyace yadda ake tukuɗo curin turiri daga cikin rana.

## Manazarta