open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Sonny Chidebelu

**Sonny Angus Nnaemeka Dixie Chidebelu** farfesa ne a fannin tattalin arzikin Noma (Agribusiness) daga Faculty of Agriculture, a Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka.    Ya zama shugaban Sashen Noma har sau biyu kuma memba a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Najeriya.   

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Sonny a ranar 15 ga watan Fabrairu, 1948 a Abagana a Jihar Anambra, Najeriya. Ya samu shaidar kammala karatunsa na Makarantar Yammacin Afirka (WAEC) a shekarar 1965 daga Kwalejin King da ke Legas Najeriya.  Ya samu digirin sa na farko a fannin Tattalin Arziki da Tattalin Arziki na Aikin Noma a Jami’ar Najeriya, Nsukka a shekarar 1973. Ya sami digirinsa na biyu a fannin Agribusiness/Agricultural Economics daga Jami'ar Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Kanada a shekara ta (1977) A cikin shekarar (1980) ya sami digiri na uku a fannin tattalin arziki na aikin gona daga Jami'ar Georgia, Athens, Jojiya, Amurka.  

## Sana'a
Sonny ya fara aikinsa na ilimi a cikin shekarar 1977 a matsayin Graduate Research Assistant  a sashin tattalin arziki na Noma, a Jami'ar Jojiya. ya zama mai bincike a shekara ta (1980) Lecturer II a shekara ta (1981) Lecturer I a shekarar 1983, Senior Lecturer a 1985, Farfesa a 1996 kuma malami mai ziyara a Jami'ar Jihar Delta a shekarar 2001.  

## Memba
Sonny memba ne na Kungiyar Masana Tattalin Arzikin Noma ta Najeriya (NAAE) da Agricultural Society of Nigeria (ASN). Shi memban aikin gona ne na Najeriya (FAMAN) da Cibiyar Nazarin Tattalin Arziki ta Afirka (AIAE). 

## wallafe-wallafen da aka zaɓa

* Nwosu, CS, & **Chidebelu**, SAND (2014). Resource Productivity under Yam Based crop Mixture in crude and non-crude oil Producing communities of Imo State, Nigeria. Agricultura tropica et subtropica, 47(1), 20–28.. 
* Ani, DP, **Chidebelu**, SAN, & Enete, A. A. Spatial Price Differential: An Analysis of Soyabeans Marketing in Benue and Enugu States, Nigeria. 
* Ogbanje, EC, **Chidebelu**, S., & Nweze, NJ (2015). Off-Farm Income's Share and Farm Investment among Small-Scale Farmers in North-Central Nigeria: The Heckman's Selection Model Approach. Global Journal of Human Social Science, 15(3), 1–7.  

## Manazarta
Johnson Sulola

**Johnson Sulola** dan Najeriya ne mai dauke da wutar lantarki na nakasassu.  Ya wakilci Najeriya a gasar wasannin nakasassu ta bazara a shekarar 1996 da aka gudanar a Atlanta, Amurka, kuma ya lashe lambar tagulla a gasar maza ta kilo 52  

## Manazarta
Hassan Lemu

Alhaji **Hassan Lemu**, OON, ya kasance sakataren sirri na marigayi  sir  Ahmadu Bello,  Sardaunan Sokoto, Firimiyan Arewacin Najeriya . 

 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An kuma haife shi a shekarar 1920-21, a Lemu of Gbako, Ya fara a Lemu Elementary School 1939-41, sai Niger Middle School, Bida 1942-44, yanzu a matsayin Government College, Bida, daga baya ya tafi Kaduna College 1945-48.￼

## Magatakarda Arewacin Najeriya
Sir Ahmad ya naɗa shi magatakarda aji na uku a Sakatariyar Arewacin Najeriya a shekarar 1949, sannan ya kasance malami a Kwalejin Horar da Malamai ta Zariya, yanzu Cibiyar Gudanarwa ta ABU, Zariya, sannan ya zama mataimakin hafsan gundumar, sakatare na lardin, sakatare na dindindin, kuma sakatare na riko. gwamnatin mulkin soja a Kano da Arewa maso yammacin Najeriya. A farkon shekarunsa 30, ya kasance babban sakatare na dindindin, Ma'aikatar Shari'a. Bayan haka ya zama sakatare na dindindin a 1974. 

A cikin shekarar 1967 ƙirƙirar jihohi. Jihar Neja, an kafa ta ne a shekarar 1976, daga baya Lemu ya zama shugaba da babban jami’in gudanarwa na hukumar ruwa ta jihar Neja, har zuwa 1979. A wannan shekarar ma ya zama kwamishinan ayyuka da gidaje na jihar. Ya taka rawar gani a cikin shekaru masu zuwa a matsayin memba Code of Conduct Bureau, Kuma shugaban Majalisar Gudanar da Fasaha ta Kaduna Polytechnic, memba, Arewa House Project, memba, Kotun Zaben Kananan Hukumomin Jihar Neja a shekarar 1997, Memba, Bida Emirate, Zonal Zakkat Committee. Gwamnatin Jihar Neja ta ba shi lambar yabo ta Jihar Neja a shekarar 1997. Ya yi aiki a Najeriya da Ingila, inda ya yi aiki a ofishin kwamishinan Najeriya da ofishin kwamishinan Arewacin Najeriya, na farko a 1954 da 1957. Kuma an nada shi jakadan zaman lafiya mai girma na jihar Neja, a dandalin zaman lafiya na kasa, a 2003 har zuwa rasuwarsa 

Lemu ya kuma kasance jami'in hulda da jama'a kuma babban sakataren sirri na marigayi Sir Ahmadu Bello, Firimiyan Arewacin Najeriya, Sardaunan Sokoto.  

Ya kuma rasu a Minna,  yana da shekaru 95, 2017 kuma ya bar mata hudu, ’ya’ya 25, jikoki 70, jikoki 100.
Sara Ibrahim Abdulgali

**Sara Ibrahim Abdelgalil**  (    ) likita ne ɗan ƙasar Sudan ɗan ƙasar Burtaniya kuma mai ba da shawara kan dimokiradiyya da ke da hannu a shirye-shiryen ƴan ƙasashen waje na Sudan. Memba na Likitocin a Sudan don Hakkokin Dan Adam, ta jaddada kare yara, kuma ta ba da gudummawa sosai a lokacin na zanga-zangar Sudan ta 2018 - 2019 da kuma adawa da juyin mulkin soja na 2021 a matsayin mai magana da yawun kungiyar kwararrun Sudan.

## Magana
Livingstone Mqotsi

**Livingstone Mqotsi** (18, Afrilu 1921–25, Satumba 2009), wanda kuma aka sani da **Livy**, ya kasance sanannen mutum a Afirka ta Kudu, musamman a fannin ilimin halin ɗan adam da gwagwarmaya. An haife shi a cikin iyali mai ƙarancin kuɗi, ya nemi ilimi da fafutuka. Tafiyar karatunsa sa kai shi ne Jami'ar Fort Hare, a kasar Afirka ta Kadu, inda ya karanta ilimin zamantakewar al'umma kuma ya yi zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ɗaliban Monica Wilson. Ya tsunduma cikin fafutuka da tsayin daka wajen yakar wariyar launin fata kuma ya shahara wajen hada al'umma. 

## Manazarta
Yahia Abdel Mageed

**Yahia Abdel Mageed**  (    , 192 5 –13 Disamba 2020) ya kasance Ministan Sudan kuma Sakatare-Janar na taron Ruwa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na farko.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Yahia ya kammala aikin injiniyan farar hula a Kwalejin tunawa da Gordon ( Jami'ar Khartoum a yanzu) a shekarar 1950, sannan ya kammala digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin ruwa a Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Imperial.

## Magana
Khotso Mokhele

**Mokhele Khotso David Kenneth** ɗan kasuwa ne kuma mai ba da shawara na musamman ga ministan kimiyya da fasaha na Afirka ta Kudu. Shi ne shugaban Jami'ar Free State, wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban gidauniyar Bincike ta Afirka ta Kudu da Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Afirka ta Kudu. Shi ne shugaba mai zaman kansa ba darekta mai zartarwa na rukunin MTN ba.      

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Khotso Mokhele a Bloemfontein. Ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Moroka kuma ya sami digiri na farko a fannin aikin gona daga Jami'ar Fort Hare. Ya sami digiri na biyu a Kimiyyar Abinci da PhD a Microbiology daga Jami'ar California a ƙarƙashin tallafin karatun Fulbright-Hays. Bayan haka, ya yi karatun digirinsa na biyu a Jami'ar Johns Hopkins da Jami'ar Pennsylvania ta Amurka. Ya kuma sami digiri na girmamawa takwas a Jami'o'in Afirka ta Kudu da Amurka.

## Sana'a

### Aikin ilimi
Khotso Mokhele ya fara aikinsa a matsayin malami a Jami'ar Fort Hare tsakanin shekara ta (1987) zuwa (1989) kuma ya shafe shekaru biyu a Jami'ar Cape Town. A shekarar ta alif (1992) ya shiga gidauniyar ci gaban bincike a matsayin daya daga cikin mataimakan shugabanta kuma ya gaji Dr Rein Arndt a matsayin shugaba a shekarar 1996.

### Sana'ar kimiyya
Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin masana kimiyya da suka tsara tsarin kimiyya da fasaha a Afirka ta Kudu. Shi ne wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Afirka ta Kudu (ASSAF), sau biyu memba na Majalisar Ba da Shawarwari kan Innovation ga Ministan Kimiyya da Fasaha kuma ya kasance mataimakin shugaban Tsare-tsare na Kimiyya da Bita na ƙasa da ƙasa. Majalisar Kimiyya (ICSU).

### Jagoranci da aikin kamfani
Khotso Mokhele ya kasance shugaba mara zartarwa a Impala Platinum Holdings Ltd., Shugaban Kamfanin Tiger Brands Ltd., Shugaban kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa a ArcelorMittal South Africa Ltd. Shugaban zartarwa na Adcock Ingram Holdings Ltd. Shugaban kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa na Gidauniyar Bincike ta Kasa, Shugaban Kwalejin Kimiyya na Afirka ta Kudu da Shugaba a Gidauniyar Bincike ta Kasa.     

A halin yanzu shi ne Jagoran mai zaman kansa ba darekta ba a MTN Group, Afrox Limited kuma ba darekta ba na Hans Merensky Holdings (Pty) Limited

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa
Shugaban Faransa ya ba shi kyautar Chevalier na Legion of Honor. A shekarar 2009 ya sami lambar yabo ta Fasaha Top 100 Lifetime Achievers Award kuma a shekarar 2015 ya sami lambar yabo ta Diflomasiya ta Kimiyya daga Ministan Kimiyya da Fasaha a Afirka ta Kudu.  

## Manazarta
Elfatih Eltahir

**Elfatih Ali Babiker Eltahir** (    , an haife shi Oktoba 1961) ɗan Sudan  - Ba'amurke Farfesa ne na Injiniya na Jama'a da kuma Muhalli, HM King Bhumibol Farfesa na Hydrology da Climate, kuma Daraktan Shirin Bincike na MIT-UM6P a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts. 

## Manazarta
Auwalu Uba

## Rayuwar sa

An haifi farfesa Auwalu Uba ne a shekarar 1964 miladiya 18 ga watan Fabrairu, a garin Hardawa wanda yakƙ garamar hukumar Misau na Jihar Bauchi ƙ gasan Najeriya. Wanda yanzu yana zaune ne ƙ gasar ta Najeriya a garin na Bauchƙ garamar Hukumar Misau.

## Karatun sa
Ya fara karatu a Makarantar Central primary school Hardawa a shekarar 1972 zuwa 1978 sannan ya tafi zuwa Government School Misau daga shekarar 1978 zuwa 1982, Daga nan ne yasamu takardar chanjin makaranta zuwa Government Science Secondary School Azare a shekarar 1982 kuma a nanne ya kammala karatun sakandari a shekarar 1983.

Farfesa yayi makarantar Basic Studies (SBS) Ta Zaria daga shekarar 1983 zuwa 1984; Sa'annan yasamu Damar shiga Makarantar ta Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, A bangaren kimiyya na Karatun ƙananun Halittu (Microbiology). Kuma ya kammala digirin sane a shekarar 1987.

Yayi Bautan ƙasar sane a General Hospital Katsina, na Garin Kastina a Najeriya, yayi Digiri na biyu (Masters) a University na Maiduguri a shekarar 1992, Sannan kuma yayi PHD a Medical Microbiology a shekarar 2004 a Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa.

Ya cigaba da ziyartar wadansu manazarta a Jami'ar Wales, Swansea a Engila daga shekarar 2000 zuwa 2001, Ya fara matakinsa na matsayin Graduate Assistants a shekarar 1989 tare da jami'ar Maiduguri,  A watan Yuli na shekarar 1995 ya fara aiki a Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa Bauchi a matsayin Lakchara 2,

Ya zama lakchara 1 a shekarar1998 sannan kuma ya zama Associate Farfesa a shekarar 2004 sannan kuma ya zama Farfesa a shekarar 2007.

Sanan daga nan ne ya samu damar zama Vice chancellor a Jami'ar Jihar Bauchi mai suna BASUG.

Kuma mamba ne a American Society of Microbiology, Applied Microbiology na United Kingdom da kuma Nigerian society of Microbiology.

## Aikin sa
Farfesa Ma'aikacin gwamnatine a fannin koyarwa wanda yakai matakin farfesa a bangaren (Microbiology)

Kuma ya riƙe mastayi daban daban a gwamnati

## Matakan da ya riƙe A Jami'a

# Mai Kula da Jarabawa (Exams Officer)
# Mamba (Departmental post graduate committee)
# Mamba (Student welfare Board A.T.B.U)
# Mamba (University Senate A.T.B.U)
# Mamba (Senate exams misconduct committee A.T.B.U)
# Shugaban kula da Dalibai (Dean Student Affairs)
# Shugaban Dept (HOD Biological science)
# Darecta a (Endowment) A.T.B.U
# VICE CHANCELLOR BASUG 



## Manazarta
Jennifer Abbott ne

**Jennifer Abbott** (an haife ta a watan Janairu 8, 1965) darektar fim ce na Sundance da Genie wanda ta lashe lambar yabo, marubuciya ce, edita, furodusa kuma mai tsara sauti wacce ta ƙware a kan adalcin zamantakewa da shirye-shiryen muhalli.

An haife ta a Montreal, Quebec, Abbott ta yi karatun kimiyyar siyasa tare da sha'awar tunani na siyasa mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, karatun mata da zurfin ilimin halittu a Jami'ar McGill . Ta halarci makarantar lauya a taƙaice kafin ta bar zuwa Jami'ar fasaha da ƙira ta Emily Carr inda ta yi karatu na ƴan shekaru kafin ta yanke shawarar koya wa kanta abin da take buƙatar sani don zama ƴar fim. Bayan shekaru, za ta koyar a wannan jami'a.
Shehu Abdul Rahman

**Shehu Abdul Rahman** farfesa ne a fannin tattalin arziƙin noma a Najeriya. Ya kasance majagaba mataimakin shugaban jami’ar tarayya Gashua da kuma tsohon mataimakin shugaban jami’ar (DVC) (Admin.), Jami’ar Jihar Nasarawa, Keffi. A halin yanzu shi ne mataimakin shugaban jami'ar tarayya ta Lafia.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Shehu Abdul a Umaisha, wani gari a karamar hukumar Toto ta Jihar Nasarawa a cikin Masarautar Opanda a ranar 7 ga Afrilu, 1968. A 1975, ya samu shaidar kammala karatunsa na farko a makarantar Anglican Transferred Primary School, Umaisha. Ya samu GCE O' Level a Ahmadiyya College Umaisha. Ya sami digirinsa na farko na aikin gona a 1993, M.Sc. Agric Tattalin Arziki a 1998 da Ph.D. in Agric. Ilimin Tattalin Arziki a 2001 daga Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello, Zaria, Nigeria.

## Aikin ilimi
Ya fara aikin koyarwa a matsayin mataimakin malami a jami’ar Ahmadu Bello da ke Zariya a shekarar 1994. Ya samu karin girma zuwa Lecturer II a 1998. Daga nan kuma ya wuce Jami’ar Jihar Nasarawa da ke Keffi inda ya zama Babban Malami a 2003. Mataimakin Farfesa a 2005 kuma ya yi digiri na biyu. Farfesa a 2008 kuma daga ƙarshe ya koma Jami'ar Tarayya ta Lafia a matsayin farfesa a 2019.

## Sana'ar gudanarwa
Ya kasance Shugaban Sashen Nazarin Tattalin Arzikin Noma da Tsawaita Jami’ar Jihar Nasarawa, Keffi daga 2006 zuwa 2009. Ya zama Mataimakin Shugaban tsangayar Aikin Gona na Jami’ar Jihar Nasarawa, Keffi, Shabu-Lafia Campus daga 2006 zuwa 2007. An nada shi. Ya zama Shugaban tsangayar Aikin Gona na Jami'ar Jihar Nasarawa, Keffi daga 2007 zuwa 2011. Ya zama Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Jihar Nasarawa, Keffi daga 2012 zuwa 2013. Daga 2013 - 2016, ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Jihar Nasarawa. Federal University of Gashua. Ya zama Daraktan Cibiyar Nazarin Aikin Gona da Raya Karkara (CARDS) na Jami’ar Tarayya ta Lafia a shekarar 2019. A shekarar 2020 ya zama shugaban tsangayar aikin gona na Jami’ar Tarayya ta Lafia. A cikin 2020, an nada shi Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Tarayya ta Lafia.

## Abin so a fannin Ilimi
**Bincike** 

Shehu Abdul yana da sha'awar gudanar da bincike kan batutuwan da suka shafi jinsi a fannin noma, aiwatar da tsarin tattalin arziki, tattalin arzikin fasahar noma, tattalin arzikin noma da kiwo da sarrafa harkokin noma.

**Koyarwa** 

Shehu Abdul yana da sha'awar koyar da ilimin tattalin arziki, ilimin lissafi, kididdiga, microeconomic theory, hanyoyin bincike (Qualitative and Quantitative), tattalin arzikin samar da noma, tattalin arzikin sarrafa gona da dabarun ƙididdigewa.

## Manazarta
Musa Lawan Majakura

**Musa Lawan Majakura** (mai shekaru talatin da uku 33), ɗan Najeriya ne mai sana'ar kamun kifi, malami kuma ɗan siyasa wanda shi ne zaɓaɓɓen ɗan majalisar dokokin jihar Yobe.Ya fito daga ƙauyen Majakura ne dake ƙaramar hukumar Nguru a jihar Yobe. A zaɓen majalisar dokokin jihar Yobe na shekarar 2023 an zaɓe shi majalisar jiha a matsayin ɗan majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar mazaɓar Nguru II ta jihar Yobe.  

## Kuruciya da ilimi
Ben-Erik Van Wyk

**Ben-Erik van Wyk** FAAS (an haife shi 27 Disamba (1956) a Bellville ) farfesa ne na Afirka ta Kudu a fannin ilimin tsirrai da magungunan gargajiya na Afirka a Jami'ar Johannesburg.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Ben-Erik van Wyk a ranar 27 ga watan Disamba 1956 a Bellville, Afirka ta Kudu.  a cikin shekarar 1979, ya sami digiri na kimiyya daga Jami'ar Stellenbosch a  gandun daji da kiyaye yanayi. A 1983, ya kammala karatu tare da Master of Science. A cikin shekarar ta alif (1989) ya zama Dakta na Falsafa daga Jami'ar Cape Town.   

## Sana'a da bincike
Tun a shekarar ta (1984) Van Wyk yana koyarwa a Jami'ar Rand Afrikaans, inda ya kasance farfesa tun a shekarar 1990. Tun a 2005 ya kasance farfesa a Sashen Botany da plant Biotechnology, a Jami'ar Johannesburg, inda Jami'ar Rand Afrikaans ta mamaye.   

Van Wyk yayi bincike akan rarraba tsire-tsire na Afirka (taxonomy  da chemotaxonomy  ) musamman ga Apiaceae,  Fabaceae,  Aloe *,*   da Asphodelaceae.   Bugu da ƙari, yana mai da hankali kan tsire-tsire na magani da ethnobotany,   ciki har da ethnobotany na Khoisan  da Afrikaners daga Western Cape.   Yana kuma da hannu wajen kula da inganci da samar da kayayyakin amfanin gona na magani da bunƙasa amfanin gona.    

Ta hanyar hotuna masu ban sha'awa 600 na fiye da 120 daban-daban ganyayen dafa abinci, kayan yaji, da kayan ƙanshi waɗanda Van Wyk ya tattara daga nesa; Littattafansa  ya mayar da mu zuwa ga farkon amfani da kayan yaji ta tsoffin wayewa kuma ya jagorance mu kan hanyar ganowa daga Habasha zuwa China.   

Van Wyk memba ne na kungiyoyi da yawa, ciki har da *Aloe Council of Africa ta Kudu* (Shugaba), American Society of Plant Taxonomists, Botanical Society of America, the Indigenous Plant Use Forum (Chair tun 1996),  Association for African Medicinal Plant Standards, Briza Publications CC, and the Presidential Task Team on African Traditional Medicine.    Shi memba ne na Editorial Board na Afirka ta Kudu Journal of Botany Jarida na Ƙungiyar Botanists ta Afirka ta Kudu. 

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa
Van Wyk ya samu kyaututtuka da yawa, ciki har da *Medal Schlich* a 1980, *Kyautar Shugaban FRD* a 1991, *Kyautar Havenga* a Biology daga Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Afirka ta Kudu a 2006, *Medal Azurfa* daga Ƙungiyar Botanists ta Afirka ta Kudu a 2007,  da *Medal of Honor* from the Faculty of Natural Science and Technology of the South Africa Academy of Science and Art in 2011.  

An zabi Van Wyk a matsayin Fellow of the African Academy of Sciences a shekarar 2013. 

## Labarai
Van Wyk ya rubuta muƙaloli fiye da ɗari biyu  a cikin mujallu na kimiyya kuma (haɗin gwiwa) ya rubuta sunaye sama da 180 na botanical. An buga littattafansa da sharhinsa   a cikin Afirkaans, da yaren Jamusanci, Yaren  Poland da Koriya, ban da bugu na Turanci.   

## Manazarta
Ogbonna Oparaku

**Oparaku Ogbonna Ukachukwu** Farfesa ne a fannin injiniyan lantarki daga Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka.   Tsohon shugaban tsangayar Injiniyanci  ne kuma shugaban sashen injiniyan lantarki da lantarki. Shi memba ne a kungiyar Injiniyoyi ta Najeriya (NSE) da Cibiyar Injiniyoyi da Lantarki (IEEE).  

## Ilimi
Ogbonna ya samu satifiket dinsa na makarantar sakandire ta Afikpo a shekarar 1975. Ya samu admission a Jami’ar Nsukka ta Najeriya a shekarar kuma ya kammala a shekarar 1980. Ya kasance wanda ya ci gajiyar tallafin karatu na Majalisar Burtaniya a shekarar 1985 kuma ya yi amfani da shi don ci gaba da karatun digiri. A cikin shekarar 1988, ya sami digirinsa na digiri na uku a Solid State Electronics kuma ya mai da hankali kan “Fabrication, Characterization and Stability Studies na InP/ITO Solar Cells daga Jami’ar Northumbria a Newcastle. 

## Sana'a
Ogbonna ya fara aiki ne bayan ya yi NYSC a matsayin Injiniyan Maintenance a matsayin General Electric Company (Telecommunications) a Apapa . A shekarar 1983, Jami’ar Nsukka ta Najeriya ta dauke shi aiki a matsayin mataimakin digiri na biyu inda ya yi aiki a sashen Injiniya na Lantarki da Cibiyar Bincike da Cigaban Makamashi ta kasa har zuwa lokacin da aka naɗa shi Farfesa a shekarar 2003.
  

## Gudanarwa
An naɗa Ogbonna a matsayin Daraktan Cibiyar Bincike da Ci gaban Makamashi ta kasa daga shekarun 2004 zuwa 2009. A cikin shekarar 2011, an naɗa shi Shugaban Sashen Injiniyan Lantarki.  

## Memba
Ogbonna memba ne na Kungiyar Injiniyoyi ta Najeriya, Cibiyar Injiniyoyi da Lantarki (IEEE), Solar Energy Society of Nigeria. Shi memba ne na International Solar Energy Society, Majalisar Dokokin Injiniyoyi a Najeriya (COREN) da Ƙungiyar Yanayin Najeriya

## Manazarta
vi) Kyautar Jarida ta Duniya. An ba shi don girmamawa, da kuma karramawa, Hukumar Edita Jarida ta Duniya
3robi

**Anass Haouam** (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 1995), wanda aka fi sani da ƙwarare **3robi**, ɗan wasan rap ne na ƙasar Marocco. An haife shi a Amsterdam, ya fara aikinsa na kiɗa a cikin shekara ta 2013. Kundin nasa na farko na studio, *Jonge jongen naar de top*, an sake shi a cikin shekara ta 2017 kuma ya kai lamba daya akan Album top 100 na Dutch. A cikin shekara ta 2019, 3robi ya kafa lakabin rikodin rikodin Spow Business kuma ya fitar da kundi na biyu a shekara mai zuwa.

## Rayuwar farko

Anass Haouam an haife shi kuma ya girma a cikin unguwannin Amsterdam-ta Yamma a cikin Bos en Lommer, wata unguwa ta bakin haure na Moroko. Iyayensa sun fito ne daga Casablanca dake QasarMorocco. Daga shekaru goma sha biyu zuwa sha tara, ya zauna a IJburg a Amsterdam-Oost. Yana da 'yan'uwa uku: Yassine, Sami da Aim. Yassine furodusa ne kuma ya yi masa wakoki da yawa a ƙarƙashin sunan YassineBeats. Sami ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne, yayin da Aim ɗan rapper ne kuma yana haɗa kai da shi a koda yaushe. Abokansa na ba wa Anass laƙabi 3robi a cikin shekarunsa na samartaka, kasancewar shi kaɗai ne ɗan Maroko daga Casablanca a unguwarsa. Ya bayyana mazaunan karkarar da ke kewaye da garinsa. A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa yana sha'awar rap da ƙwallon ƙafa, kuma rap na Dutch Sjaak da Naffer sun yi wahayi zuwa gare shi.

## Sana'a

### 2019-yanzu: ''Jonge jongen naar de top 2''
Fara aikinsa a cikin shekara ta 2013, 3robi ya sami nasararsa ta farko a cikin shekara ta 2017 tare da "Sinds een puber" guda ɗaya wanda ke nuna LouiVos da Kingsize, wanda ya kai lamba 97 a cikin Dutch Single Top 100. Tun daga wannan lokacin 3robi ya haɗu da masu fasaha irin su Mula B, Dopebwoy da Yung Felix. A cikin 2017, an nuna shi a kan "Cartier" guda ɗaya ta Dopebwoy tare da Chivv, wanda ya kai matsayi na biyar a cikin ginshiƙi na Dutch kuma ya zama mafi girman zane-zane a cikin ƙasar zuwa yanzu.

A cikin watan Disamba shekara ta 2017, ya saki kundin sa na farko mai suna *Jonge jongen naar de top*, wanda ya kai lamba-daya akan Dutch Album Top 100.

### 2013-2018: Farko da ''Jonge jongen naar de top''
A cikin shekara ta 2019, bayan barin alamar rikodin Wild West, 3robi ya kafa alamar kasuwancin Spow na kansa. Mawaƙin farko da aka sanya hannu shine ɗan'uwansa Aim. Yayin da yake magana game da barin Wild West, 3robi ya ce: "Na yi tunanin idan na kara ƙoƙari, zan iya gyara shi duka da kaina. Ina da hangen nesa da duk abin da na samu izuwa yanzu, ni na yi dakaina. Har ila yau tare da taimako, amma na yi da kaina.Babu wani taimako a cikin Netherlands don sanya mu manyan masu fasaha. Babu ainihin lakabin da zai kama ku kuma nan da nan yana so ya sanya ku tauraro. Yana da mahimmanci ga kansu. Na kasance mai fasaha shekaru da yawa yanzu kuma na je wurare da yawa. Zan iya yin shi da kaina." 

A cikin shekara ta 2020, albam ɗin sa na biyu, *Jonge jongen naar de top 2*, ya fito. A cikin shekara ta 2022, 3robi ya fitar da kundi na haɗin gwiwa *Flex Mood* tare da mai yin rikodin SRNO. 

## Hotuna

### Albums na Studio

### Albums na haɗin gwiwa

## Kyaututtuka da zaɓe

## Manazarta


## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* 3robi a AllMusic
* 3robi
Oladipo Ogunlesi

**Theophilus Oladipo Ogunlesi** (12 Yuli 1923 - 19 Janairu 2023) shine farfesa na farko a Najeriya.     Ya kasance shugaban asibitin kwalejin jami'a dake Ibadan da kuma National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria.  

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Ogunlesi a ranar 12 ga watan Yulin (1923) mahaifinsa maƙeri ne a Sagamu, Jihar Ogun.   A tsakanin (1931-35) ya halarci makarantar firamare ta St. Paul da ke garin Sagamu sannan ya samu shaidar kammala karatunsa na sakandare a makarantar CMS Grammar School da ke Legas a shekara ta Alif (1940)  Ya samu shaidar kammala karatunsa na gaba da Sakandare daga Higher College da ke Yaba a shekara ta Alif (1942). Ogunlesi ya fara tafiya ne a fannin likitanci a shekarar Alif (1947) ta Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Yaba sannan ya halarci Jami’ar Landan a shekarar Alif (1953) inda a karshe ya samu gurbin zama jami’in kiwon lafiya a Biritaniya.  

## Sana'a
Ogunlesi ya fara aikinsa ne a Najera kwararreikatan gwamnatin Yamma. Ya kasance jami'in kiwon lafiya na Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Yammacin Najeriya (WNC) daga shekara ta Alif (1950-56). Ya shiga Jami’ar Ibadan a shekarar 1961 kuma ya zama Farfesa bayan shekaru huɗu. Shine malamin likitancin Najeriya na farko kuma ya zama farfesa a fannin likitanci na farko a Najeriya. A lokacin aikinsa na koyarwa ya koyar da fitattun mutane kamar tsohon mataimakin shugaban jami'ar Ibadan, Farfesa Isaac Folorunso Adewole, wanda ya kafa kungiyar Pan African Association of Neurological Sciences, Farfesa Kayode Oshuntokun, da kuma Marigayi Farfesa Yombo Awojobi, wanda ya kasance malami. fitaccen likitan tiyata. Ya yi ritaya a 1983 yana da shekaru 60.   

## Zumunci da zama memba
A cikin shekara ta (1977) an shigar da shi a matsayin abokin aiki a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Najeriya. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Ogunlesi ya auri Susan Olorunfemi Peters a shekara ta (1950) Suna da 'ya'ya bakwai ciki har da Adebayo Ogunlesi, mamba a tawagar tattalin arzikin Donald Trump. 

### Mutuwa
Ogunlesi ya mutu ne a ranar 19 ga watan Janairu, 2023, yana da shekaru 99. Gwamnan jihar Ogun Dapo Abiodun ya bayyana cewa:

Shugaban Najeriya Muhammadu Buhari ya kuma ce:

## Manazarta
Salah Obaya

**Salah Sabry A. Obayya**, dan kasar Masar kuma Farfesan  Photonics ne kuma darektan Cibiyar Photonics da Smart Materials a Zewail City of Science and Technology.   Shi memba ne na Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Afirka, Ƙungiyar gani ta Amurka, Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Lantarki da Lantarki (IEEE), da Society of Photographic Instrumentation Engineers.   

## Ilimi
Farfesa Salah ya sami digirinsa na B. SC da M. SC a fannin lantarki da injiniyan sadarwa daga Jami’ar Mansoura a shekarun 1991 da 1994.  Ya samu digirin digirgir ne a shekarar 1999 a karkashin haɗin gwiwar jami'ar City University London da Jami'ar Mansoura ta Masar.
   

## Sana'a
A cikin shekarar 2012, Farfesa Salah ya shiga Zewail City of Science and Technology kuma a halin yanzu farfesa ne kuma darekta na Cibiyar Photonics da Smart Materials. Duk da haka, kafin kaddamarwarsa a cikin ma'aikata, ya koyar a Jami'ar Brunel, Jami'ar Leeds, da Jami'ar South Wales inda aka sanya shi Daraktan Kafa  Photonics da Broadband Communications (PBC) Cibiyar Bincike.
   

## Zumunci da zama memba
Shi memba ne na Masarautar  Kimiyyar Kimiyya da Aikace-aikace (ESOSA),  Cibiyar Injiniyanci da Fasaha, Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyyar Kimiyya, Kwalejin Ilimi mafi girma, da Cibiyar  Injiniyanci da Lantarki, da Al'umma, Cibiyar Ilimin Lissafi da Lantarki ta Wales (ACES).
  

## Kyauta
A cikin shekarar 2017, ya samu lambar yabo ta Khalifa da Babban Farfesan Larabawa a Binciken Kimiyya. A cikin shekarar 2019, ya ci lambar yabo ta Farko na Kimiyya da Fasaha da lambar yabo ta Jiha a Kimiyyar Injiniyanci. A cikin shekarar 2021 ya lashe lambar yabo ta Kwame Nakroma ta Tarayyar Afirka da Kwarewar Ilimi.
 

## Manazarta
Ashraf Mansour

**Ashraf Mansour** (FAAS () Masanin kimiyya ne ɗan ƙasar Masar kuma farfesa a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ta polymer. Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaban Kwamitin Amintattu na Jami'ar Jamus a Alkahira (GUC).

## Ilimi da aiki
Mansour ya sami digirin digirgir kuma ya sami ilimin kimiyyar  polymer daga Jami'ar Ulm a shekara ta 1992.
 
A cikin shekarar 1994, Mansour ya fara aikin samar da Jami'ar Jamus a Masar. Jami'ar Jamus a Alkahira (GUC) ita ce jami'ar Jamus ta farko da aka kafa a wajen Jamus da kuma wajen iyakokin Turai. An kafa ta ne bisa wata doka ta shugaban ƙasa a shekara ta 2002 da tsohon shugaban kasar Hosni Mubarak, da shugaban gwamnatin Jamus Gerhard Schroeder, da kuma wasu fitattun mutane a fannin ilimi da masana'antu na Masar da Jamus suka bayar.  

A cikin shekarar 2003, an ƙaddamar da GUC a wajen iyakokin birnin Alkahira. Mansour ya tabbatar da gina sabuwar jami'a ta fasaha a birnin New Alkahira, ya ba da tallafin kusan Euro miliyan 15 daga masu ba da taimako na Masar, kuma ya ba da taimakon ikon koyarwa na jami'o'in Stuttgart da Ulm don tabbatar da manufarsa. Sun taimaka wajen ginawa da kafa ɗakunan gwaje-gwaje ta fasaha kuma sun kawo manhajar karatunsu na Jamus. Shirin ya samu tallafi daga hukumar ta DAAD a kuɗi kimanin Yuro 600,000 a wani bangare na shirinta na fitar da kwasa-kwasan Digiri na Jamus. Dalibai, malamai, da masu bincike daga GUC suna samun ƙarin tallafi daga DAAD da Gidauniyar Alexander von Humboldt yayin zaman nazari da bincike daban-daban.   Shi ne shugaban kwamitin amintattu na jami’ar.   

Bayan juyin juya halin Masar na 2011, Majalisar koli ta Sojoji (SCAF) ta ba wa Ashraf ya zama shugaban ma'aikatar ilimi mai zurfi a shekara ta 2014 amma majalisar koli ta jami'o'in Masar ta nuna rashin amincewa da naɗin nasa.    Hossam Eisa ya kasance a matsayin kuma Ashraf El-Shihy ya maye gurbinsa a watan Satumba 2015.

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa
A cikin shekarar 2008, Mansour ya sami Federal Cross of Merit,  kuma shi Sanata ne mai daraja na Jami'ar Ulm.  An zaɓi Mansour a matsayin fellow mai daraja na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Afirka a shekara ta 2018.

## Manazarta
Viness Pillay

**Viness Pillay ** (1970–2020) farfesa ne na Afirka ta Kudu a fannin kantin magani (pharmacy) a Jami'ar Witwatersrand a Johannesburg.    Ya kasance Daraktan Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform (WADDP), memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Afirka, Kwalejin Nazarin Magungunan  (ATMP) kuma wanda ya ci gajiyar lambar yabo ta 2013 Olusegun Obasanjo Innovative Award don haɓaka Fasahar RapiDiss Wafer a matsayin sabon abu ta hanyar samar da ingantaccen maganin rigakafin cutar kanjamau (ARV) ga yaran da ke fama da cutar kanjamau.    

## Ilimi
Ya samu digirinsa na biyu a fannin haɗa magunguna daga Jami’ar Durban-Westville (Afirka ta Kudu) a shekarar 1996 sannan ya samu digirin digirgir a Jami’ar Temple a shekarar 2000 a matsayin Masanin Fulbright.

## Wuraren bincike
Viness ya mai da hankali kan Hanyoyi na Ƙirƙirar Novel a cikin Dabarun zane, haɓakawa da kimanta Tsarukan Sakin Magani na Sarrafawa.

## Gudunmawar kimiyya
Ya haɓaka Fasahar Wafer na RapiDiss a matsayin wata sabuwar hanya don samar da ingantaccen maganin rigakafin cutar kanjamau (ARV) ga yaran da ke fama da cutar HIV/AIDS. Ya ɓullo da matrix mafi sauri a duniya don fara aiwatar da aikin miyagun ƙwayoyi cikin sauri a cikin jikin ɗan adam, na'urar jijiyoyi don shiga tsakani a cikin rauni na kashin baya da fasahar warkar da rauni. Ya kuma zo da nasa tsarin ƙirar ƙwayoyin halitta mai suna PEiGOR Theory - Pillay's Electro-influenced Geometrical Organization-Reorganization. An wallafa wannan ka'idar a cikin International Journal of Pharmaceutics.

## Zumunci da zama memba
An zabe shi Fellow na Kwalejin Kimiyya na Afirka ta Kudu a cikin shekarar 2012. Ya kuma kasance memba na American Chemical Society, American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, New York Academy of Sciences, Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences na Afirka ta Kudu, da The Biomaterials Network.

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa
Ya kasance mai cin gajiyar kyaututtuka na Gidauniyar Bincike ta Ƙasa (NRF).

## Mutuwa
Pillay ya mutu a ranar 24 ga watan Yuli 2020 bayan doguwar jinya. Ya bar mata da ɗiya mace.

## Manazarta
Eno Ebenso

**Eno E. Ebenso** (an haife shi 18 Nuwamba 1964) Farfesa ne a fannin Physical Chemistry wanda ya kware akan hana lalata (Corrosion inhibition).

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Eno Ebenso a ranar 18 ga watan Nuwamba 1964 wanda aka samu a karamar hukumar Okobo a jihar Akwa Ibom, Najeriya.  Ebenso ya sami digiri na BSc a Chemistry daga Jami'ar Calabar, Nigeria a shekara ta 1986, MSc a Physical Chemistry daga Jami'ar Ibadan, Nigeria a shekarar 1990, sannan ya sami digiri na uku a fannin ilimin kimiyyar jiki daga Jami'ar Calabar, Najeriya a shekarar 2004.  

## Sana'a
Eno Ebenso ya fara aikin koyarwa ne a Jami’ar Calabar da ke Najeriya a shekarar 1990, inda ya ɗauki matsayin Mataimakin Malami.  A tsawon shekaru, ya sami ci gaba kuma ya ci gaba ta hanyar digiri na ilimi, ya zama Malami na II a shekarar 1993, Lecturer I a shekarar 1997, da Babban Malami a shekarar 2001.  A cikin shekarar 2005, ya yi karatun digiri na biyu a Cibiyar Nazarin Kayan Aiki, a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Darmstadt a Jamus. Bugu da kari, a shekarar 2006, ya yi hutun hutu a Sashen Kimiyyar Kimiyya na Jami’ar Uyo, Najeriya. 

Daga bisani, Ebenso ya koma Sashen Kimiyya da Fasahar Sinadarai a Jami'ar Ƙasa ta Lesotho a Afirka ta Kudu. Duk da haka, tafiyarsa ta ilimi ta kai shi Cibiyar Mafikeng ta Jami'ar Arewa maso Yamma a Afirka ta Kudu, inda ya shiga a matsayin cikakken Farfesa na Kimiyyar Jiki a Sashen Chemistry a shekarar 2009.  A lokacin da yake aiki a jami'a, ya ɗauki ayyuka daban-daban na gudanarwa, ciki har da Shugaban Makarantar Kimiyyar Kimiyya, Daraktan Makarantar Lissafi da Kimiyyar Jiki, Babban Jami'in Harkokin Noma, Kimiyya da Fasaha, da Daraktan riko na Ƙirƙirar Kimiyyar Material Samfuran Yankin Mayar da hankali na Bincike (MaSIM). Bugu da ƙari, ya ɗan yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban riko (Bincike da Tsare-tsare) a harabar Mafikeng na Jami'ar Arewa maso Yamma. Har zuwa ranar 31 ga watan Disamba, 2019, ya rike mukamin babban shugaban tsangayar kimiyyar halitta da aikin gona a jami’ar Arewa maso Yamma baki daya. 

## Bincike
Bukatun binciken Ebenso sun haɗa da corrosion, adsorption, inorganic chemistry, electrochemistry, da Langmuir adsorption model.  Ebenso sanannen a hukumance  akan sinadarai na corrosion kuma ya wallafa da yawa a fannin sinadarai na corrosion inhibition. Tun daga watan Yuni 2023, Yana da H-Index na 98 da sama da 31000.  Yana da tasirin ambaton 1% sama da matsakaicin duniya; shi ne marubucin da ya fi fice a fagen hana lalata a duk duniya kuma yana da matsayi na biyar mafi saukar da littattafansa a duniya a fagen hana lalata. 

## Manazarta
Suzanne Urverg-Ratsimamanga

**Suzanne Urverg-Ratsimamanga** (18 Yuni 1928 - 16 Maris 2016) Bafaranshiya ce haifaffiyar Malagasy Ashkenazi likitar Yahudawa ce kuma masaniya kan ilimin halittu.  Ta yi aure da Albert Rakoto Ratsimamanga, Ita ce wacce ta kafa  .

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi

An haifi Suzanne a Paris, Faransa, ranar 18 ga watan Yuni 1928.  Ta sami digiri na farko na Kimiyya a shekara ta 1953, da Doctor of Medicine a shekarar 1954, da Diploma da Master of Science da Hygiene and Medicine a shekarar 1955, duk daga Jami'ar Paris. 

## Bincike da aiki
Suzanne ya auri Albert Rakoto Ratsimamanga tun a ranar 23 ga watan Maris 1963, kuma shine abokin haɗin gwiwa na kimiyya.   Shi ne  shugaban IMRA kuma Farfesa a fannin likitanci.  IMRA ta mayar da hankali kan Phytotherapy don amfani da tsire-tsire na gida da al'adun gargajiya don magance cututtuka, watau, magungunan gargajiya.   IMRA ta yi nasarar yin amfani da itacen Syzygium cumini a matsayin wakili na rigakafin ciwon sukari,  da kuma samar da madadin magungunan cutar zazzabin cizon sauro,   Wannan ya kafa IMRA a matsayin cibiyar bincike;   duk da haka, sunan IMRA duk ya lalace saboda takaddamar Covid-Organics.

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa
Tayi Knight na Legion of Honor a ranar 12 ga watan Yuli 1996,  Fellow of the World Academy of Sciences (1989),  da Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Afirka (1987).  Ita ce Shugabar Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Afirka 'Shugabar Kwamitin Kimiyya a shekarar 1992.  An ba ta lambar yabo ta ƙasa ta Malagasy. 

## Mutuwa
Suzanne ta mutu a ranar 16 ga watan Maris 2016 kuma an binne ta a Cimetière Parisien de Bagneux. 

## Duba kuma

* Rajona Andriamananjara

## Manazarta
Filin nauyi

A cikin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi,**filin gravitational** ko **filin hanzari na gravitational** filin vector da ake amfani da shi don bayyana tasirin da jiki ke shimfidawa zuwa sararin da ke kewaye da kansa. amfani da filin gravitational don yin bayani game da abubuwan mamakikamar *filin ƙarfin nauyi* da aka yi akan wani babban jiki.Yana da girma na hanzari (L/T 2 )kuma ana auna shi a cikin raka'a na newtons kowace kilogiram (N/kg) ko kuma, dai-dai,a cikin mita a kowace murabba'i na biyu(m/s 2 ). 

A cikin ainihin ma'anarsa,nauyi wani ƙarfi ne tsakanin ma'auni.Bayan Ishaku Newton, Pierre-Simon Laplace yayi ƙoƙari ya ƙirƙira nauyi a matsayin wani nau'in filin radiation ko ruwa,kuma tun daga karni na 19, an koyar da bayani game da nauyi a cikin makanikai na gargajiya yawanci dangane da samfurin filin,maimakon jan hankali. Yana haifar da gradient sarari na yuwuwar filin gravitational.

A general relativity,maimakon biyu barbashi jawo juna,da barbashi karkatar da spacetime via da taro,da kuma wannan murdiya shi ne abin da ake gane da kuma auna a matsayin "karfi".A cikin irin wannan samfurin mutum yana faɗin cewa kwayoyin halitta suna motsawa ta wasu hanyoyi don mayar da martani ga karkatar da lokacin sararin samaniya, ko dai *babu wani ƙarfi na nauyi*,ko kuma cewa nauyi wani ƙarfi ne.

## Makanikai na gargajiya
A cikin injiniyoyi na gargajiya,filin gravitational adadi ne na zahiri. Ana iya bayyana filin gravitational ta amfani da dokar Newton ta duniya gravitation.  An ƙaddara ta wannan hanya,filin gravitational g a kusa da barbashi ɗaya na mass M filin vector ne wanda ya ƙunshi kowane wuri na vector yana nunawa kai tsaye zuwa ga barbashi.Girman filin a kowane wuri ana ƙididdige shi ta hanyar amfani da dokar duniya,kuma yana wakiltar ƙarfin kowace raka'a akan kowane abu a wannan lokacin a sararin samaniya.Saboda filin karfi yana da ra'ayin mazan jiya,akwai yuwuwar makamashi mai ƙarfi ta kowace naúrar,Φ,a kowane wuri a sararin samaniya da ke hade da filayen karfi;wannan shi ake kira karfin nauyi.Ma'aunin filin gravitational shine \nabla\cdot\mathbf{g}=-\nabla^2\Phi=-4\pi G\rhoinda F shine ƙarfin gravitational, m shine yawan adadin gwajin gwajin, R shine matsayi na gwajin gwajin (ko don dokar motsi ta biyu na Newton wanda shine aikin da ya dogara da lokaci, saitin matsayi na kwayoyin gwaji kowanne yana mamaye wani musamman. aya a sararin samaniya don farkon gwaji), R̂ shine naúrar vector a cikin radial direction na R, t lokaci ne, G shine akai-akai na gravitational, kuma ∇ shine mai aiki na del.

Wannan ya haɗa da dokar Newton ta duniya gravitation, da alaƙa tsakanin yuwuwar gravitational da hanzarin filin. Lura cewa\mathbf{g}=\frac{\mathbf{F}}{m}=\frac{d^2\mathbf{R}}{dt^2}=-GM\frac{\mathbf{\hat R}}{\left|\mathbf{R}\right|^2} = -\nabla\Phi

## Manazarta
Kogin Bankasoka

A matsayin tudun ruwa(wanda ake kira *Port Loko Creek* )ya hadu da kogin Rokel da ke kudu don samar da kogin Saliyo . 

Tashoshi biyu suna kan wannan kogin, Port Pepel da Port Loko.

Bankasoka wani kogi ne na bakin teku wanda,tare da kogin Rokel,ya zama mashigin kogin Saliyo mai tazarar kilomita 40 daga Tekun Atlantika. Sashenta na arewa kuma ana kiransa da *Tumbu-Duba* *tafkin Tumbu na Turanci).* Ana kuma kiran kogin da Port Loko Creek saboda garin da suke da wannan sunan yana kan kogin.

Akwai kananan tashoshin wutar lantarki guda uku a kusa da Port Loko. 

## Nassoshi
Kogin Dadès

**Kogin Dadè** (  ,  ; ;Amazigh ) kogi ne a ƙasar Maroko. Kogin ne tashar ruwa ta kogin Draa.

## Geography
Kogin Dadès ya tashi a cikin Babban Atlas sannan ya juya kudu ya haye ta cikin Dadès Gorges,sannan zuwa yamma tsakanin babban Atlas da tsaunukan Anti-Atlas.A ƙarshe kogin ya haɗu da Kogin Ouarzazate,wanda ya shiga kogin Draa.

Dades Gorge yana samun sauƙin shiga ta taksi daga Tinerhir kusa.Wurin shimfidar wuri yana da mahimmanci tare da ra'ayoyi na ƙirar dutse masu ban sha'awa.Kwarin da kansa ya yi ƙanƙara da kore a bakin kogin,yayin da yankin da ke kewaye ya kasance hamada mai duwatsu.Akwai ƙananan al'ummomi har yanzu suna zaune a nan a cikin gidajen gargajiya. Ana iya ganin mata suna wankin wanki a cikin kogin tare da ajiye shi ya bushe a kan ciyayi da ke kewaye.

## Ilimin kimiyyar ruwa
Adadin kwararar kogin Dadès yana kan yanayi sosai tare da kololuwar ruwa a cikin watan Janairu zuwa Afrilu bayan babban hazo da narkewar dusar ƙanƙara. Ingancin ruwa shine alkaline,kuma yanayin ruwan rani yana cikin kewayon digiri 23 zuwa 28 na ma'aunin celcius. Rashin wutar lantarki na ruwa yana da girma. 

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin hadi na Waje

*Personal website with travel photos and video from a trip to the Todra and Dades Gorges
Denudation

**Denudation** shine tsarin tafiyar da yanayin ƙasa wanda ruwa mai motsi,ƙanƙara,iska,da raƙuman ruwa ke lalata saman duniya, yana haifar da raguwar haɓakawa da kuma samun sauƙi na shimfidar ƙasa da shimfidar wurare.Ko da yake ana amfani da sharuddan yazawa da ɓata lokaci, zaizayar ƙasa ita ce jigilar ƙasa da duwatsu daga wuri ɗaya zuwa wani,  kuma ƙiyayya ita ce jimlar matakai, gami da zaizayar ƙasa, wanda ke haifar da raguwar saman duniya.Tsari na ƙarshe kamar volcanoes,girgizar asa,da haɓakar tectonic na iya fallasa ɓangarorin nahiyoyi ga ɓangarorin yanayin yanayi,zaizayar ƙasa,da ɓarnatar jama'a.An yi rikodin sakamakon ƙin yarda na shekaru dubunnan amma an yi muhawara game da injiniyoyin da ke bayansa shekaru 200 da suka gabata.&#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>kuma an fara fahimta ne kawai a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata.</link>

== Bayani ==
Denudation ya haɗa da tsarin injiniya, nazarin halittu,da tsarin sinadarai na yazawa,yanayi,da ɓarna da yawa. Denudation zai iya ƙunsar kawar da duka m barbashi da narkar da abu. Waɗannan sun haɗa da ƙananan matakai na cryofracture,insolation weathering, slaking, gishiri weathering,bioturbation,da kuma tasirin anthropogenic.

* Ayyukan ɗan adam(dan adam),gami da aikin gona,damfara,hakar ma'adinai,da sare bishiyoyi;
* Biosphere,ta hanyar dabbobi,tsire-tsire,da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga sinadarai da yanayin yanayi;
* Yanayi,mafi kai tsaye ta hanyar sinadarai daga ruwan sama,amma kuma saboda yanayin ya nuna irin yanayin da ke faruwa;
* Lithology ko nau'in dutse;
* Hotunan saman ƙasa da canje-canje zuwa yanayin yanayin ƙasa,kamar ɓarnawar jama'a da zaizayar ƙasa; kuma
* Ayyukan tectonic,irin su nakasawa, canjin duwatsu saboda damuwa musamman daga sojojin tectonic, da orogeny,tsarin da ke haifar da tsaunuka.

Ana ƙididdige ƙima a cikin dusar ƙanƙara ta saman duniya a cikin inci ko santimita a cikin shekaru 1000.  An yi niyya wannan ƙimar azaman ƙididdigewa kuma galibi yana ɗaukar zaizayar ƙasa iri ɗaya, tare da sauran abubuwa, don sauƙaƙe ƙididdiga. Zato da aka yi galibi suna aiki ne kawai don shimfidar wurare da ake nazari. Ana yin ma'auni na ƙididdigewa a kan manyan wurare ta hanyar ma'auni na ƙididdiga. Sau da yawa, ba a yin gyare-gyare don tasirin ɗan adam, wanda ke haifar da haɓaka ma'auni.  <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D; Lissafi sun ba da shawarar asarar ƙasa har zuwa  sakamakon ayyukan ɗan adam zai canza ƙimar ƙididdigewa a baya da ƙasa da 30%.
Gamma ray

**Hasken gamma**, wanda kuma aka sani da **radiation gamma** (alama **γ** ko \gamma ),wani nau'i ne mai ratsawa na electromagnetic radiation wanda ya taso daga ruɓewar rediyoaktif na nuclei .Ya ƙunshi mafi ƙanƙanta raƙuman ruwa na lantarki, yawanci ya fi guntu na haskoki na X-ray . Tare da mitoci sama da 30&nbsp;exahertz ( 3× 10 19 Hz ),yana ba da mafi girman makamashin photon.Paul Villard wani masani ne dan kasar Faransa chemist kuma masanin kimiyya, ya gano gamma radiation a shekara ta 1900 a lokacin da yake nazarin radiation da radium ke fitarwa.A cikin 1903,Ernest Rutherford ya ba wa wannan *radiyon gamma* radadin suna bisa la’akari da yadda suke shiga cikin kwayoyin halitta;a cikin 1900 ya riga ya ba da sunaye nau'ikan ruɓewa guda biyu marasa raɗaɗi (wanda Henri Becquerel ya gano) haskoki na alpha da haskoki na beta a cikin tsarin hawan ikon shiga.

Hasken Gamma daga lalatawar rediyo suna cikin kewayon makamashi daga ƴan kiloelectronvolts( keV )zuwa kusan megaelectronvolts 8( MeV ),wanda yayi daidai da matakan makamashi na yau da kullun a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta tare da tsawon rayuwa mai dacewa.Za a iya amfani da bakan makamashi na haskoki gamma don gano ruɓewar radionuclides ta amfani da gamma spectroscopy. Hasken gamma mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi a cikin kewayon teraelectronvolt( TeV )100-1000 an lura da su daga tushe kamar Cygnus X-3 microquasar .

## Manazarta
Kalaman rediyo

**Rawanin radiyo** wani nau'i ne na radiation na lantarki mai tsayi mafi tsayi a cikin bakan na'urar lantarki, yawanci tare da mitoci na 300 gigahertz ( GHz ) da ƙasa.  Na 300&nbsp;GHz,madaidaicin madaidaicin zangon shine 1mm,wanda ya fi guntu diamita na hatsin shinkafa. Na 30&nbsp;Hz daidai gwargwado shine ~ ,wanda ya fi radius na Duniya tsayi.Tsawon igiyoyin rediyon ya bambanta da mitarsa,saboda saurinsa a koyaushe yake.Kamar duk igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki,raƙuman radiyo a cikin vacuum suna tafiya a cikin saurin haske, kuma a cikin yanayin duniya a ɗan ɗan hankali kaɗan.Ana haifar da raƙuman radiyo ta hanyar ɓangarorin da aka caje da ke fuskantar hanzari,kamar igiyoyin lantarki masu canza lokaci.Radiyon da ke faruwa a dabi'a suna fitowa ta hanyar walƙiya da abubuwa na sararin samaniya, kuma wani ɓangare ne na hasken baƙar fata da duk wani abu mai dumi ke fitarwa.

Ana samar da igiyoyin rediyo ta hanyar wucin gadi ta na'urar lantarki da ake kira transmitter,wacce ke haɗa da eriya wacce ke haskaka raƙuman ruwa.Ana karɓar su ta wani eriyar da aka haɗa zuwa mai karɓar rediyo,wanda ke sarrafa siginar da aka karɓa.Ana amfani da igiyoyin rediyo sosai a cikin fasahar zamani don daidaitawa da sadarwar rediyo ta hannu, watsa shirye-shiryeradar da tsarin kewayawa na rediyo,tauraron dan adam sadarwa, hanyoyin sadarwar kwamfuta mara waya da sauran aikace-aikace da yawa. Mitoci daban-daban na igiyoyin rediyo suna da halaye daban-daban na yaduwa a cikin yanayin duniya;Dogayen raƙuman ruwa na iya karkatar da tartsatsi kamar tsaunuka kuma suna bin kwatancen duniya(taguwar ruwa na ƙasa ), gajeriyar raƙuman ruwa na iya yin la'akari da ionosphere kuma su dawo cikin ƙasa fiye da sararin sama(skywaves), yayin da mafi guntuwar raƙuman ruwa suna lanƙwasa ko karkatarwa kaɗan kaɗan kuma suna tafiya. layin gani, don haka nisan yaɗuwar su yana iyakance ga sararin gani na gani.

## Manazarta
Samson Gombe

**Samson** **Gombe** FAAS FTWAS (5 Nuwamba 1938 - 4 Fabrairu 1989) Farfesan Kenya ne kan Tsarin Halittu da Kwayoyin Halitta. Ya kasance Fellow of World Academy of Sciences and Founding Fellow and Secretary of African Academy of Sciences.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Samson Gombe a ranar 5 ga watan Nuwamba 1938 a Seme, Kisumu, Kenya.   Ya halarci Makarantar Maseno, Kwalejin Makerere tsakanin shekarun 1958 zuwa 1960. Sannan ya yi karatu a Jami'ar London (1961-9167) da Jami'ar Cornell (1969-1972).

## Sana'a da bincike
Gombe malami ne a Sashen nazarin ilimin halittar dabbobi da ke Jami’ar Nairobi daga shekarun 1968 har zuwa rasuwarsa a ranar 4 ga watan Fabrairun 1989, yana da shekara 50, bayan gajeruwar rashin lafiya.     Samson Gombe ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Afirka a shekara ta 1985, sannan ya zama Sakatare/Janar na Kimiyya (1987-1989)  da Treasurer (1987-1989).     Ya kasance Babban Mataimakin Ma'aji na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kenya.
 

Gombe ya fi mayar da hankali kan ilimin halittar jiki na haihuwa, ilimin endocrinology, rashin abinci mai gina jiki, rashi na ma'adinai, muggan cututtuka na muhalli da cututtukan da za su iya haifar da rashin haihuwa.

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa
Gombe ya kasance Fellow Foundry of the African Academy of Sciences tun lokacin da aka kafa ta a shekarar 1985  Fellows of the World Academy of Sciences tun a shekarar 1985,  da Fellow of Kenya National Academy of Sciences a shekara ta 1986.

## wallafe-wallafen da aka zaɓa

* **Gombe, Samson** ; Oduor-Okelo, Dominic (1991-06). *[http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/8019/browse?value=Gombe%2C+Samson&type=author Development of the foetal membranes in the cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus): a re‐interpretation, African Journal of Ecology, Volume 29, Issue 2, pages 157–167],* 
* **Samson Gombe**, William Hansel (1973-09-01). .
* Norman, Charles; **Gombe, Samson** (1975-09-01). Stimulatory effect of the lysosomal stabilizer, chloroquine, on the respiration and motility of fresh and aged bovine spermatozoa. Reproduction. 44 (3): 481–486. doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0440481. ISSN 0022-4251. 
* Alila, Hector W.; Rogo, Khama O.; **Gombe, Samson** (1987-06-01). Effects of prolactin on steroidogenesis by human luteal cells in culture. Fertility and Sterility. 47 (6): 947–955. doi:10.1016/S0015-0282(16)59228-0. ISSN 0015-0282 

## Manazarta