Abdul Razak Hussein

Abdul Razak bin Hussein (Jawi: عبد الرزاق بن حسين; 11 Maris 1922 - 14 Janairu 1976) lauya ne kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan ƙasar Malaysia wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin firayim minista na biyu na ƙasar Malaysia daga 1970 har zuwa rasuwarsa a 1976. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin firayim minista na farko na ƙasar Malaysia daga 1957 zuwa 1970. Ana kiransa da "Uban Ci Gaba" ("Bapa Pembangunan") na ƙasar Malaysia.

A lokacin da yake Firayim Minista, Abdul Razak ya ƙaddamar da Sabon Manufar Tattalin Arziki ta Malay (NEP), shirin da ke da niyyar rage bambancin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki tsakanin kabilun, musamman na kabilun Malay da Sinawa.[1] Ya kuma kula da sake daidaita manufofin kasashen waje na Malaysia daga halin da magajinsa ke da shi na Yamma da kuma adawa da Kwaminisanci da kuma tsaka-tsaki, tare da kasar ta zama memba na Non-Aligned Movement a shekarar 1970. Abdul Razak shi ne kuma adadi da ke da alhakin kafa Barisan Nasional (BN), hadin gwiwar siyasa wanda ke riƙe da iko ba tare da katsewa ba tun daga farkonsa a 1974 zuwa 2018. [2]

Ɗansa na fari, Najib Razak, ya zama Firayim Minista na shida a shekara ta 2009; duk da haka, daga baya ya zama sananne saboda sa hannu a cikin cin hanci da rashawa na 1MDB, wanda ya haifar da yanke masa hukunci kan tuhume-tuhumen cin hanci na rashawa, cin zarafin iko, da kuma karkatar da kudi.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haife shi a Kampung Pulau Keladi, ƙauyen da ke arewa maso yammacin Pekan, Pahang a ranar 11 ga Maris 1922,  Abdul Razak shine na farko na yara biyu zuwa Yang Dile (YDH) *Orang Kaya Indera Shahbandar* ke-9, Dato' Hussein Awang bin Mohd Taib (1898-1950) da Datin Hajah Teh Fatimah bt Daud (1906-1968). Wani dan asalin Orang Kaya Indera Shahbandar, Abdul Razak ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Malay Kuala Kangsar .

Bayan ya shiga Ma'aikatar Gudanarwa ta Malay a 1938, an ba shi tallafin karatu don karatu a Kwalejin Raffles a Singapore a 1940. Nazarinsa a kwalejin ya ƙare tare da farawar Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu . A lokacin yakin ya taimaka wajen shirya ƙungiyar adawa ta  a Pahang . 

Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II, Abdul Razak ya tafi Burtaniya a 1948 don nazarin doka. A shekara ta 1950, ya sami digiri na shari'a kuma ya cancanci zama lauya a Lincoln's Inn a London. A lokacin da yake dalibi a Ingila, Abdul Razak ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Labour ta Burtaniya kuma fitaccen shugaban dalibai na Malay Association of Great Britain, kuma ya kafa kungiyar dalibai ta Malayan Forum.

## Kasancewa cikin Yaƙin Duniya na II
Bayan an katse karatunsa a 1942 saboda yakin duniya na biyu, Abdul Razak ya koma Kuantan, Pahang . A can, ya sadu da tsohon abokin aikinsa daga Ma'aikatar Gudanarwa ta Malay, Yeop Mahidin, kuma ya nuna sha'awarsa na shiga Malay Regiment (yanzu Royal Malay Regiment). Mahidin, wanda shi ma shine wanda ya kafa *Askar Wataniah Pahang* ('Soja ta Jihar Pahang'; magajin *Rejimen Askar Wataniah*), ya dauki Razak a cikin sabon rundunar 'Yan tawaye. Bayan kammala karatunsa, an umarci Razak ya shiga aikin farar hula na Malayan na Japan a matsayin wakili da mai ba da labari.

Razak, a matsayin aristocrat kuma ɗan wani shugaba mai daraja na Malay a Pahang, an tura shi zuwa jiharsa ta Pahang a matsayin mataimakin Jami'in Gundumar kuma a lokaci guda a matsayin gada ga Jafananci don samun amincewar Malays na gida. Yin amfani da gata a matsayin aristocrat, Razak ya fara hulɗa tare da Sojojin Imperial na Japan yayin da yake kula da alakarsa da Yeop Mahidin. Matsayinsa a matsayin mai ba da labari a cikin Gwamnatin Japan an san shi ne kawai ga 'yan kaɗan. Saboda wannan, sauran Wataniah Pahang sun yi wa Razak lakabi da mai cin amana.

Kamar yadda yawan mutanen Malay suka sami kulawa ta musamman idan aka kwatanta da sauran kabilun, Birtaniya ba ta amince da ita ba don adawa da mamayar Japan. Duk da haka, Askar Wataniah Pahang tare da membobinta 200 sun shiga cikin Babban Jami'in Ayyuka na Musamman (SOE) kuma an shirya su a ƙarƙashin Force 136.

Nasarar ci gaba da aikin Pahang na Force 136 ya sa Gwamnatin Japan ta fara zargin cewa akwai masu ba da labari a cikin gwamnatinsu. Force 136 Pahang da sauri ya kafa aikin cirewa don dawo da wakilin su, Razak, wanda har yanzu ba a san shi da yawa daga cikin mambobinta ba.

## Farkon aikin siyasa
Bayan ya dawo daga Ƙasar Ingila, a cikin 1950, Tun Razak ya shiga aikin gwamnati na Malayan. Saboda matsayinsa na siyasa, ya zama shugaban matasa na United Malays National Organisation (UMNO). Shekaru biyu bayan haka, ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Sakataren Gwamnati na Pahang kuma a watan Fabrairun 1955, yana da shekaru 33 kawai, ya zama Babban Ministan Pahang.

Razak ya tsaya kuma ya lashe kujerar a babban zaben farko na Malaya a watan Yulin 1955 kuma an nada shi a matsayin Ministan Ilimi. Ya taimaka wajen tsara Rahoton Razak wanda ya zama tushen tsarin ilimin Malayan. Tun Razak ya kasance babban memba na aikin Fabrairu 1956 zuwa London don neman 'yancin Malaya daga Birtaniya. 

An nada shi Mataimakin Firayim Minista da Ministan Tsaro a shekara ta 1957 kuma, bayan Babban zaben 1959, ya kuma rike Ma'aikatar Ci gaban Kasa da Karkara. An tattara ra'ayoyinsa game da ci gaban karkara da aikin gona a cikin Red Book (Buku Merah) da Green Book (Buk Hijau) bi da bi kuma ya zama tushen manufofin gwamnati a lokacin da yake mulki.

## Manazarta