Ecoflation

**Ecoflation** (babban hoton "halitta" da "kumbura") wani labari ne na gaba a cikin "Rattling Supply Chains", rahoton bincike na Cibiyar Albarkatun Duniya da A.T. Kearney, wanda aka saki a watan Nuwamba 2008. Yana da alaƙa da albarkatun ƙasa suna yin karanci kuma batutuwan dorewa sun zama mafi mahimmanci, wanda ke haifar da haɓakar farashin kayayyaki. Tasirin hauhawar farashin kayayyaki yana faruwa ne ta hanyar kamfanonin da ke fama da tsadar muhalli suna kara farashin da suka saba yi na kasuwanci.

Manufar ecoflation tana mai da hankali kan samun abubuwan waje na kasuwanci su zama nauyin ƙungiyar / kasuwancin da ke da alhakin, maimakon kashe kuɗi ga jama'a. Ecoflation yana wakiltar ƙarin ingantattun farashin farashi na gaskiya masu alaƙa da ayyukan kasuwanci. Har ila yau, ra'ayoyin sun jaddada wajibcin kasuwancin su kasance masu kirkire-kirkire da sabbin abubuwa don daidaita tsarin kasuwancinsu da sarkar samar da kayayyaki don ci gaba da yin gasa a kasuwa. Manufar ita ce, yayin da kasuwancin ke haɗa ɗorewa a cikin ainihin tsarin kasuwancin su, mafi yawan nasarar da za su samu.

## Direbobi na ecoflation
Cibiyar Albarkatun Duniya da A.T. Kearney ya gano manyan direbobi guda uku don haɓaka haɓakar haɓaka:

### Karancin albarkatu
Ƙaruwar yawan jama'a da cinyewa yana haifar da ƙarin buƙatun albarkatu, kamar itace, mai, ruwa, da hatsi. A halin yanzu, sauyin yanayi yana ƙara zama barazana ga irin waɗannan albarkatu, ta hanyar yanayi mai tsanani (wutar daji, fari, ambaliyar ruwa, da dai sauransu) da asarar rayayyun halittu. Misali, yayin da ruwa ya ragu, kuma bukatu na ci gaba da karuwa a duniya, saboda ka'idar samarwa da bukata, farashin ruwan zai iya tashi, wasu sun yi hasashen da kashi 20% zuwa 30% nan da shekarar 2050. Haka kuma dangane da ruwa, yankunan noma na fuskantar fari da karancin ruwa sakamakon sauyin yanayi wanda ya janyo hauhawar farashin noma. Tashoshin wutar lantarki na daya daga cikin takamaiman yanki da karancin ruwa ya shafa kai tsaye. Bugu da ƙari kuma, man dabino wanda aka fi sani da abinci da kayan kulawa na musamman yana shafar sauyin yanayi, musamman ƙarancin ruwa, ambaliya, da gobara.

### Manufofi
Cibiyoyin gwamnati, kamar taron tattalin arziki na duniya, Tarayyar Turai, Babban Yarjejeniya kan Tariff da Ciniki suna kara fahimtar wajibcin mayar da martani game da sauyin yanayi, kuma suna ci gaba da aiwatar da tsauraran dokoki don kare muhalli. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan ƙa'idar ita ce ƙaddamar da kasuwancin hayaƙin carbon, wanda ke tilasta kamfanonin da ke gurɓata fiye da yadda aka ba su izinin wahala. Waɗannan farashin ne da kamfanoni za su yi amfani da su a ciki, rage ribar ribarsu, ko kuma su ba wa mabukaci, mai yuwuwar sa su gaza yin gasa. Kudaden carbon da gwamnati ta tilastawa suna da tasiri kai tsaye kan farashin sufuri. Ƙaruwar farashin sufuri yana haifar da haɓakar farashin albarkatun kamar sukari. Ban da wannan kuma, kasashe da dama sun fitar da dokar hana amfani da buhunan leda, a cewar hukumar kare muhalli ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Jaridar ta ce, "Ya zuwa watan Yuli na 2018, ɗari da ashirin da bakwai (127) daga cikin ƙasashe 192 da aka bita (kimanin 66%) sun amince da wasu nau'i na doka don daidaita buhunan filastik. An ƙaddamar da matakan farko na musamman da aka yi niyya na jakar filastik a farkon 2000s, a hankali ya karu cikin shekaru goma, tare da ƙuntatawa da yawa a cikin shekaru 1 da suka wuce.

### Masu amfani
Masu amfani kuma suna ƙara neman kamfanoni don samar da ƙarin kayayyaki da ayyuka masu dorewa. Daidaita da irin waɗannan buƙatun mabukaci yana wakiltar farashi ga kamfanoni don daidaitawa. Misali, kamfanoni na iya yin amfani da kayan itacen da aka sake fa'ida don mayar da martani ga damuwar jama'a game da sare dazuzzuka, ko rage robobi, saboda ya fito ne daga mai.

## Manazarta