open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Bernard Ingham

**Sir Bernard Ingham** (21 ga Yuni 1932 – 24 ga Fabrairu 2023) ɗan jarida ne kuma ma'aikacin gwamnati na Birtaniya. Shi ne babbar sakatariyar watsa labarai ta Margaret Thatcher a tsawon lokacin da ta kasance Firayim Minista a Burtaniya daga 1979 zuwa 1990.

## Bayani
A shekarar 1967, Ingham ya shiga aikin gwamnati, yana aiki a matsayin jami'in watsa labarai da hulda da jama'a kuma darektan bayanai a sassa daban-daban na gwamnati, ciki har da Hukumar Kula da Farashi da Kuɗi ta Ƙasa (1967) da kuma Ma'aikatar Makamashi, 1974–77, inda ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Sakatare a Sashen Kula da Makamashi, 1978–79. 

Mahaifin Ingham kansila ne na Jam'iyyar Labour a Majalisar Garin Hebden Royd, kuma shi kansa memba ne na Jam'iyyar Labour har sai da ya shiga aikin farar hula.  Ingham ya tsaya takarar gundumar Conservative Moortown ta Majalisar Birnin Leeds a zaben kansila na 1965 don Jam'iyyar Labour, bayan da ƙungiyar Fabian Society ta zaɓe shi. 

## Sakatariyar Yaɗa Labarai ta Margaret Thatcher
Ingham ya shafe shekaru 11 a matsayin babbar sakatariyar watsa labarai ta Margaret Thatcher a Downing Street mai lamba 10 a lokacin da take Firayim Minista. A tsakanin 1979 zuwa 1990 shi ma shugaban Ofishin Yaɗa Labarai na Gwamnati ne. A lokacin aikinsa na hidimar gwamnati, ya kuma kasance sakataren watsa labarai na Barbara Castle, Robert Carr, Maurice Macmillan, Lord Carrington, Eric Varley da Tony Benn .

Duk da cewa Ingham ma'aikacin gwamnati ne, ya sami suna a matsayin mai yada farfaganda mai tasiri ga manufar Thatcherite . Kalmar spin doctor ba ta shiga cikin harshen gama gari ba sai bayan ritayarsa, amma duk da haka an ɗauke shi a matsayin mai baiwa a cikin abin da aka sani da "baƙar fata" na spin.

A wancan lokacin, bayanan da aka bayar a Downing Street ba su da tushe, ma'ana bayanan da Ingham ya bayar za a iya danganta su ne kawai da "manyan kafofin gwamnati". A wasu lokutan yana amfani da wannan musantawa don yin bayani kan ministocin gwamnati, kamar lokacin da ya bayyana shugaban Majalisar Wakilai John Biffen a matsayin "mai rabewa" na gwamnati.  An yi watsi da Biffen a wani sauye-sauye na gaba. Wannan rashin daidaito tsakanin rawar da ya taka a matsayin ma'aikacin gwamnati da kuma rawar da ya fi nuna goyon baya ga manufofin Margaret Thatcher ya sa Christopher Hitchens ya kwatanta Ingham a matsayin "mutum mai rabewa" da kuma sukar abin da ya gani a matsayin mummunan sakamakon lokacin Ingham a matsayin sakataren yada labarai na Thatcher: "A lokacin da yake kan mulki, Fleet Street ya dauki matakai da dama zuwa ga tsarin Amurka na kula da harkokin shugabanci da kuma girmama mutane, ba tare da samun wani kariyar kundin tsarin mulkin Amurka ba."
Qudratullah Abu Hamza

**[[Mawlawi|Maulvi]] Qudratullah Abu Hamza** (Pashto) ɗan siyasan Taliban ne kuma kwamandan  wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin gwamna Lardin Balkh daga watan Agustan 2021 har zuwa wani lokaci a cikin 2022.

## Manazarta
Gerald Ridley

**Gerald Vernon Newport Ridley** TD, JP (23 Oktoba 1897 &#x2013; 12 Nuwamba 1953) ɗan wasan kurket ne na Ingila. Ridley ɗan wasan kurket ne mai hannun dama wanda ke buga ƙwallon hannun dama a matsakaicin gudu . An haife shi a Felsted, Essex .

Ridley ya yi aiki a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, inda aka ɗaukaka shi daga Laftanar na Biyu zuwa Laftanar a ranar 28 ga Mayu 1918.  Daga baya ya yi murabus daga aikin sa daga Rundunar Tsaron Dragoon ta Biyu a ranar 1 ga Afrilu 1920, inda ya ci gaba da riƙe muƙamin Laftanar.  Daga baya a watan Nuwamba na wannan shekarar, ya shiga Essex Yeomanry, wanda wani ɓangare ne na Rundunar Yankuna . 

A wasan kurket, Ridley ya fara buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasa na farko a Essex a fafatawa da Combined Services a shekarar 1922. Ya sake buga wasanni biyar a matsayin ɗan wasa na farko a Essex, na ƙarshe ya zo ne a fafatawa da Somerset a Gasar Gundumar 1926.  A wasanni shida da ya buga a matsayin ɗan wasa na farko, ya zira kwallaye 113 a matsakaicin maki 10.27, tare da maki 66 da bai kai 54 ba.  Wannan maki, wanda shi ne kawai a matsayin ɗan wasa na farko a rabin ƙarni, ya zo ne a kan Gloucestershire a shekarar 1924. 

A watan Satumba na shekarar 1930 aka ba shi lambar yabo ta Kayan Ado na tsawon shekaru goma sha biyu a Essex Yeomanry (an daɗe ana yi masa hidima tun daga ranar 28 ga Mayu 1918).  A shekarar 1938 ya riƙe muƙamin Kyaftin kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta Kayan Ado na Yankuna, a wannan shekarar ne ya yi murabus daga muƙaminsa.  A wajen aikin kurket da na soja, ya yi aiki a matsayin Alkalin zaman lafiya . Ya kuma kasance memba na kwamitin zartarwa a Essex County Cricket Club har zuwa mutuwarsa a Chignal St James, Essex a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 1953. 

## Manazarta
Ernest Anthony Lowe

**Ernest Anthony (Tony) Lowe** (Yuni 1928 - 5 Maris 2014) masanin tattalin arziki ne ɗan ƙasar Birtaniya, kuma Farfesa a fannin Lissafi da Gudanar da Kuɗi a Jami'ar Sheffield,  wanda aka san shi da aikinsa kan kula da gudanarwa, da tsarin kula da gudanarwa .   

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Lowe ya fara aikinsa a matsayin akawu mai hayar kuma ya sami digirinsa na farko a fannin tattalin arziki a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London .

A farkon aikinsa na ilimi, ya yi nadin mukamai a Jami'ar Durham, Jami'ar Leeds, Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts, Jami'ar Harvard da Jami'ar California, Berkeley, da kuma a Ingila a tsakiyar shekarun 1960 a Jami'ar Bradford, sannan kuma a matsayin babban malami a fannin lissafin gudanarwa a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Manchester . A shekarar 1971, an nada Lowe Farfesa a fannin Lissafi da Gudanar da Kudi,  daga baya kuma Farfesa a fannin Lissafi da Gudanar da Kudi a Jami'ar Sheffield, inda ya rike mukamin shugaban farko na jami'ar a fannin lissafin kudi . 

Daga 1997 zuwa 2012 ya kasance darektan Ƙungiyar Kula da Gudanarwa.

## Aiki
Lowe yana ɗaya daga cikin marubutan farko da suka ayyana tsarin kula da gudanarwa . A cikin kasidarsa ta 1972 mai suna "Akan ra'ayin tsarin kula da gudanarwa" ya lissafa waɗannan dalilai guda huɗu da suka sa ake buƙatar tsarin tsare-tsare da kulawa:
Sharafuddin Taqi

**[[Mawlawi|Maulvi]] Sharafuddin Taqi** (Pashto: مولوي شرف الدین تقي) ɗan siyasan Taliban ne na Afghanistan, kwamandan kuma masanin addinin Musulunci wanda ke aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Ministan Gudanar da Bala'i na Masarautar Musulunci ta Afghanistan tun daga 23 ga Nuwamba 2021.  Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin kwamandan 215 Azam Corps na Sojojin Masarautar Musulunci tun daga 4 ga Oktoba 2021.

## Manazarta
Zain-Ul-Abideen

**Qari Zain-Ul-Abideen** (Pashto) kwamandan mayakan Taliban ne na Afghanistan  wanda ya kasance Gwamna Lardin Laghman a cikin mulkin Taliban da ba a san shi ba tun watan Agusta 2021.

## Manazarta
Gerald Midgley

**Gerald Robert Midgley** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1960) masanin ka'idar tsari ne na Birtaniya, farfesa a fannin tunani kan tsarin, darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Tsarin a Jami'ar Hull, kuma tsohon shugaban ƙasa (2013-2014) na Ƙungiyar Kimiyyar Tsarin Ƙasashen Duniya . An san shi da aikinsa kan " Shiga Tsakanin Tsarin ;"   wanda ya bayyana a matsayin "aiki mai ma'ana da wakili ke yi don ƙirƙirar canji *dangane da tunani kan iyakoki* ." 

## Rayuwa da aiki
Midgley ya sami digirin BA daga Jami'ar London, da kuma digirin M.Phil, sannan a shekarar 1992 ya sami digirin PhD daga Jami'ar City da ke Landan tare da takardar digirin digirgir, mai taken. *Haɗin kai da Al'umma.*  

Daga 1997 zuwa 2003, Midgley ya kasance Daraktan Cibiyar Nazarin Tsarin a Jami'ar Hull . A shekarar 2003, ya tafi Ostiraliya don zama farfesa mai taimako a Jami'ar Queensland, kuma babban shugaban kimiyya a Cibiyar Kimiyya da Bincike ta Muhalli a New Zealand. A shekarar 2004, ya kuma zama farfesa mai taimako a Jami'ar Victoria ta Wellington, sannan a shekarar 2007, farfesa mai taimako a Jami'ar Canterbury . Tun daga shekarar 2010, a Ingila, shi ne Farfesa na tunani kan tsarin kuma kuma darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Tsarin a Jami'ar Hull. 

Abubuwan da Midgley ke sha'awa a fannin bincike sun shafi fannoni na falsafa, hanyoyin aiki da kuma aiki, musamman a alaƙar da ke tsakanin waɗannan ukun. Tare da Michael Jackson, Robert L. Flood da Werner Ulrich, ya kafa tunanin tsarin Critical systems, kuma tare da Ulrich ya haɓaka ka'idar sharhin iyaka . 

## manazarta
Abdul Latif Nazari

**Abdul Latif Nazari** (Dari) wanda ke aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Ministan Tattalin Arziki na Masarautar Musulunci ta Afghanistan tun daga 26 ga Disamba 2021. 

Ya kasance daga kabilar Hazara. Yana da Ph.D. a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Tehran . Shi ne wanda ya kafa Jami'ar Gharjistan, wanda ke Pul-e-Sorkh, Kabul .

## Manazarta
Abdul Manan Omari

Mullah Abdul Manan Omari (Pashto: ملا عبدالمنان عمری ps) babban jigo ne na Afghanistan wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin ministan ayyuka na jama'a daga 7 ga Satumba 2021 zuwa 23 ga Janairu 2023.[1][2] Ya kasance memba na tsakiya na tawagar tattaunawa a ofishin Qatar. Shi ne yayan Mullah Umar[3].

A cikin 2016, an nada Abdul Manan a matsayin shugaban al'amuran addini na Taliban da Dawah da kuma memba na jagorancin Taliban. 

Ya fito ne daga Lardin Uruzgan na Afghanistan . 

## Manazarta
Paul Leonard Schäffer

**Paul Leonard Schäffer** (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Maris 1987) mawaki ne, mai shirya piano kuma ɗan ƙasar Jamus.

An haifi Schäffer a Hannover, ya sami darussan piano na farko yana ɗan shekara biyar kuma ba da daɗewa ba ya zama memba na Knabenchor Hannover . Yana ɗan shekara 16, ya sami darussan organ na farko daga Torsten Meyer. Ya yi karatun waƙoƙi a Hochschule für Musik und Darstellende Kunst Frankfurt am Main tare da Gerhard Müller-Hornbach, kiɗan coci tare da Martin Lücker (organ) da kuma gudanar da shi tare da Wojciech Rajski a wannan jami'ar.  Ƙarin karatu tare da Beat Furrer, Mark Andre, da kuma darussan rakiyar waƙa da rakiyar tare da Eugen Wangler da Helmut Deutsch sun ƙara masa ilimin kiɗa. 

Shi ne mai riƙe da tallafin karatu na Aribert-Reimann-Stiftung, "Paul-Hindemith und Heinrich-Mann-Stipendiums" na  kuma tun daga shekarar 2010  ke tallafa masa kuma tana ɗaukar nauyinsa Frankfurt am Main. A shekara ta 2014 ya kasance dan wasan karshe na gasar hada-hadar kade-kade ta  . 

Ayyukansa sun yi ta Internationale Ensemble Modern Akademie, na Jenaer Philharmonie, da kuma ta gunkin "l'Autre mOnde".  An gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo a Staatstheater Wiesbaden, Alte Oper Frankfurt da kuma a cikin mahallin Rheingau Musik Festival, na , der Kasseler Musiktage und der Handel-Festspiele Karlsruhe statt. 

A watan Fabrairun 2012 ya fara aikinsa na farko a matsayin daraktan kiɗa na *[[The Threepenny Opera]]* tare da Staatsphilharmonie Rheinland-Pfalz a Theater im Pfalzbau Ludwigshafen.  An ba da kyautar fim ɗin tare da tsuntsun zinare a lambar yabo ta Papageno ta 3. A watan Janairun 2016, ya karɓi ragamar jagorancin kiɗan Figuralchor Frankfurt .

## manazarta
Rashid Abdulrahman

**Rashid Abdulrahman Al Hosani** (an haife shi ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1975) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Emirati wanda ya taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙasa ta Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa.

## Manazarta
 
## Haɗin waje

* Rashid Abdulrahmana National-Football-Teams.com
Habibullah Agha

**Sheikh Hadith Maulvi Habibullah Agha Sab** (Pashto) Ministan Ilimi ne na Masarautar Musulunci ta Afghanistan . Yana daga cikin ƙungiyar Taliban mai tsattsauran ra'ayi kuma mai aminci na Hibatullah Akhundzada . 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Habibullah Agha a Vach Bakhto, Shah Wali Kot, Kandahar a cikin 1954 ko 1955. Ya sami ilimin Islama na asali a ƙauyensa. Agha ya ci gaba da karatun Islama mafi girma a Pakistan.

## Ayyuka
A karkashin gwamnatin Taliban ta farko (1996-2001), Agha alƙali ce. Ya kuma zama mai ba da shawara na musamman na Mullah Omar da kuma jagoran ruhaniya na Taliban.

A ranar 21 ga Satumba 2022, Hibatullah Akhundzada ya nada Agha a matsayin ministan ilimi.  An dauki nadin sa a matsayin koma baya ga ci gaban ilimin mata. Ya fara aiki a matsayin ministan ilimi a ranar 26 ga Satumba 2022. A ranar 22 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2022, ya ba da haramtacciyar doka ta wucin gadi ga makarantar mata da darussan ilimi sama da maki shida.

## Ra'ayoyi
Agha tana adawa da zargi da aka yi wa jami'an gwamnatin Taliban. Ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a faɗi zargi a ofishin gwamnati.

## Hukunce-hukunce na Duniya
A ranar 20 ga watan Yulin 2023, Tarayyar Turai ta ba da izini ga Habibullah Agha a matsayin jami'in gwamnati da ke da alhakin cin zarafin 'yancin ɗan adam a Afghanistan ta hanyar gabatar da manufofin ƙin samun damar samun ilimin sakandare ga' yan mata, don haka hana su yin amfani da haƙƙinsu na ilimi da kuma kada a nuna musu wariya bisa ga jinsi da kuma kara ware mata daga cikin al'ummar Afghanistan.

## Manazarta
Richard Koci Hernandez

**Richard Koci Hernandez** ɗan jarida ne na gani, farfesa, marubuci, kuma mai ɗaukar hoto.  A halin yanzu Farfesa ne kuma Shugaban Bloomberg a Makarantar Digiri ta UC Berkeley . 

## Sana'a
Saboda aikinsa a San Jose Mercury News, Hernandez ya raba a kyautar Emmy Award ta 2008 News &amp;amp; Documentary akan wani shirin gaskiya mai suna *Uprooted* game da korar mazauna a wani wurin shakatawa na gida mai motsi.  Hernandez shine marubucin littafin *Principles of Multimedia Journalism, Packaging Digital News* . 

A shekara ta 2008, Hernandez ya shiga sashen koyar da aikin jarida na UC Berkeley. 

Hernandez ya shahara a matsayin wanda ya fara amfani da manhajar raba hotuna ta Instagram, inda ya yi amfani da wannan manhaja don daukar hoto da kuma tallata wani nau'in daukar hoto na 'yan jarida a kan titi .  

An zaɓi wani bidiyo na Hernandez wanda aka shirya a shekarar 2012 don CNN, mai taken "Masu Daukar Hoto Sun rungumi Instagram" game da rashin goge hotunan dijital, don lambar yabo ta Emmy Award ta News & Documentary a shekarar 2013. 

## Manazarta
Victoria MacKenzie-Yara

**Victoria MacKenzie-Childs** (Agusta 26, 1948) ƙwararriyar mai zane ce ta yumbu wacce tare da mijinta Richard suka kafa kamfanin kayan gida na alfarma MacKenzie-Childs a 1983. Wani abin birgewa na Madison Avenue a birnin New York a shekarun 1990, "shagonsu mai kyau" ya nuna salonsu mai ban sha'awa wanda jaridar New York Post ta taɓa siffantawa da "Mary Poppins ta haɗu da Alice a Wonderland." Sun rasa ikon mallakar kamfanin a 2001 bayan shari'ar fatarar kuɗi.  Victoria ita ce mahaifiyar mai zane-zanen yadi na halitta Heather Chaplet .   

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Victoria a San Francisco, ta sami digirin farko na Fasahar Fine Arts daga Jami'ar Indiana a 1970, kuma daga 1970 zuwa 1974 ta ci gaba da karatunta a Gidan Tarihi na Fasahar Fine na Boston yayin da take koyarwa a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Massachusetts da ke Boston. Daga 1976 zuwa 1983 - shekarar da aka kafa MacKenzie-Childs - ta yi aiki a matsayin mai tsara tufafi da kayan sawa na 'yan sanda. 

Victoria ta kasance memba a cikin ajin '77 a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Jihar New York da ke Jami'ar Alfred . Kafin ta yi la'akari da yin rajista a Alfred, ta koyi cewa Wayne Higby, majagaba a fannin tukwane, yana kan hanyarsa ta zuwa Alfred don koyarwa. Da yake ta ƙuduri aniyar yin aiki tare da shi, makarantar ta zama babban burinta. Daga ƙarshe Higby ta zama malamarta kuma mai ba ta shawara, kuma ita da Richard sun sami digiri na biyu a fannin Fasaha tare da shi. A shekarar 2017 Victoria da Richard sun gabatar da jawabin shiga Jami'ar Alfred na 181. A cikin gabatarwarsa, Shugaban Alfred Mark Zupan ya ambaci "taɓawar sihirin mawakan" da "tasirinsu mara misaltuwa kan aikin mawakan yau da samfuran masu zane." [1]

Bayan kammala karatun digiri, Victoria da Richard sun ƙaura zuwa Stoke Gabriel a Devon, Ingila, inda suka yi aiki a wani ƙaramin shagon tukwane kuma suka koyar da fasaha a Kwalejin South Devon . Sun kuma tsara kuma suka ƙera tufafi don sanyawa a kan dandamali da kan titi. 

A shekarar 1994, Victoria da Richard sun sami kyautar ɗan kasuwa na shekara ta yankin a Otal ɗin Marriott Marquis da ke New York. 

## Manazarta
Qari Ahmadullah

**Qari Ahmadullah** (Pashto: قاری احمدالله) (an haife shi a shekara ta 1975) ya kasance dan gwagwarmayar Afghanistan kuma Ministan Tsaro na Taliban (ko Sashin leken asiri) a shekara ta 1996.  

Shi ne ke da alhakin cin hanci da rashawa ga kwamandojin masu adawa da Taliban don barin mukamin United Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan. Ahmadullah ya kuma umarci dakarun da ke fada a kan gaba a arewacin kasar da kungiyar Northern Alliance.

## Tarihi
A cewar Jaridar Ofishin Tarayyar Turai da shaidar Abdul Haq Wasiq, a gaban Kotun Binciken Yanayin Yaki, Ahmadullah ya kasance Ministan Tsaro kuma Ministan leken asiri da Gwamna na Lardin Takhar. Abdul Haq ya bayyana Ahmadullah a matsayin mutumin da bai ilimi ba.

## Mutuwa da ake tsammani
An yi zaton an kashe shi a kwanakin farko na 2002 a harin jirgin saman Amurka a kan gidan Mullah Taha a Zadran (ko da yake Pentagon bai iya tabbatar da mutuwar Ahmadullah ba).  Shekaru 12 bayan lamarin, binciken da Harper's Weekly ya yi ya yi ya zargi Ahmadullah da rai.

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin mutanen da suka ɓace ta hanyar ban mamaki: 1990-yanzu

## Manazarta
Richard Koch

**Richard John Koch** (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga Yuli, 1950 a Landan) ƙwararren mai ba da shawara ne kan harkokin gudanarwa na Birtaniya, mai saka hannun jari a harkokin kasuwanci, kuma marubucin littattafai kan harkokin gudanarwa, tallatawa da salon rayuwa.  An fi saninsa da yaɗa amfani da ƙa'idar Pareto, wadda aka fi sani da "ƙa'idar 80/20", a harkokin kasuwanci da rayuwar mutum ta hanyar littafinsa *The 80/20 Principle* (1997, 2022). Ya rubuta littattafai sama da 25 kan kasuwanci, dabaru da salon rayuwa, waɗanda aka buga a harsuna sama da 44. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Koch a Landan. Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Wadham, Jami'ar Oxford (MA) daga baya ya sami digirin MBA . Daga Makarantar Wharton ta Jami'ar Pennsylvania . A shekarar 2024 aka naɗa shi Mataimakin Baƙi na Kwalejin Wadham, Oxford. 

## Sana'a
Koch ya fara aikinsa a matsayin mai ba da shawara tare da Boston Consulting Group kuma daga baya ya zama abokin tarayya a Bain &amp;amp; Company . Bayan ya bar Bain a shekarar 1983 ya kafa LEK Consulting tare da Iain Evans da James Lawrence. 

Koch ya yi ritaya daga ba da shawara lokacin da yake da shekaru 39 don mayar da hankali kan rubutu da saka hannun jari. 

Bayan ya bar aikin ba da shawara, Koch ya zuba jarinsa a kamfanoni sama da 20, waɗanda da yawa daga cikinsu ya kafa ko ya kafa tare. Kamfanonin da Koch ya mallaka ko ya mallaka tare sun haɗa da Filofax, Plymouth Gin, Belgo Restaurants, Betfair, iPulse, FanDuel, Auto1, da Grind. 

An san shi da amfani da "Tauraron Ka'ida" a cikin jarin da ya zuba a cikin kamfanoni, yana mai da hankali kan manyan shugabannin da ke da babban ci gaba. Yawancin jarin da ya zuba sun dawo da hannun jarinsa na asali tsakanin 5× zuwa 53×, kuma a cikin shekaru da yawa, rahotanni sun ce fayil ɗinsa ya sami ribar shekara-shekara kusan kashi 22%. 

Ya kuma kasance darakta mara zartarwa na wasu daga cikin waɗannan kamfanoni, ciki har da Filofax da Betfair, kuma ya shawarci kamfanonin hannun jari masu zaman kansu kamar Advent Limited (UK) da Brait SA, da kuma babban kanti na Pick 'n Pay a Afirka ta Kudu. 

## manazarta
Warren MacKenzie

**Warren MacKenzie** (16 ga Fabrairu, 1924 - 31 ga Disamba, 2018) ƙwararren mai ginin tukwane ne na Amurka kuma ana yawan kiransa da "babban" ko "uba" fasahar yumbu ta Amurka a cikin al'adar mingei .   Hakanan ya kasance mai imani sosai da tukwane masu amfani, kuma, duk da cewa yana iya samun farashi mai tsada a cikin gidajen tarihi, ya sanya farashin kayansa a cikin ɗakin nunin kansa don mutane su ji cewa za su iya amfani da ayyukansa.  

## Tarihin Rayuwa

### Shekarun farko da ilimi
A shekarar 1924, an haifi Warren MacKenzie a birnin Kansas, Missouri ga Fred da Adelaide MacKenzie.  Daga baya iyalan suka ƙaura zuwa Wilmette, Illinois inda MacKenzie ta girma kuma daga baya ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Sakandare ta New Trier da ke kusa da Winnetka . 

MacKenzie yana sha'awar zane-zane tun yana ƙarami kuma da farko ya yi tunanin zai zama mai zane - har ma lokacin da ya yi rajista a matsayin ɗalibi a Makarantar Kwalejin Fasaha ta Chicago, da farko ya fara ɗaukar darussan zane da zane.  

A shekarar 1943, yayin da yake karatu a Cibiyar, an tura MacKenzie cikin aikin soja. [1] Bayan shekaru uku, ya koma don ci gaba da karatunsa amma azuzuwan zane-zane duk sun cika "saboda duk GI da aka dawo da su [Biyan Kuɗin GI]." [1] MacKenzie ya sake duba kundin kwas ɗin kuma ya yanke shawarar shiga ajin yumbu tare da wasu azuzuwan zane. [1] Daga baya MacKenzie ta fahimci cewa "cewa ajin yumbu ba ajin kirki ba ne," amma wani sauyi ya zo lokacin da "kusan rabin shekara, ɗaya daga cikin ɗaliban ya gano wani littafi na Bernard Leach mai suna A Potters Book kuma ya shigo ajin cikin farin ciki." [1]

## Manazarta
Janet Leach

**Janet Darnell Leach** (15 Maris 1918 - 12 Satumba 1997), ta kasance 'yar ƙasar Amurka mai ginin tukwane tana aiki a Leach Pottery da ke St Ives, Cornwall a Ingila. Bayan ta yi karatun tukwane a Black Mountain, North Carolina a ƙarƙashin Shoji Hamada, wani mai fasaha da ya zo ziyara, ta yi tafiya zuwa Japan don yin aiki tare da shi. Ta yi karatu tare da shi tsawon shekaru biyu kuma koyaushe tana ɗaukarsa a matsayin babban mai ba ta shawara. Ita ce mace ta farko 'yar ƙasar waje da ta yi karatun tukwane a Japan kuma ta biyu ce kawai 'yar yammacin duniya.

Bayan ta dawo Amurka daga Japan, a shekarar 1955 ta auri Bernard Leach, fitaccen mai ginin tukwane na Burtaniya, wanda ta yi karatu tare da shi a baya. Sun koma Burtaniya don gudanar da aikin sa a St. Ives. Janet Leach ta ci gaba da samun tasirin kyawawan kayan kwalliyar Japan a cikin tukwane da yumbu, kuma aikinta ya karu sosai. A tsakanin 2006-2007 an yi wani babban nazari kan aikinta a Tate St Ives .

## Rayuwa

An haifi Janet Darnell a Grand Saline, Texas, Amurka, a shekara ta 1918.  Shekarunta na farko sun haɗa da ƙaura zuwa New York don yin aiki tare da mai sassaka Robert M. Cronbach da kuma shiga cikin Aikin Fasaha na Tarayya. Ta yi aure na ɗan lokaci a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai walda a wani wurin jigilar kaya a Tsibirin Staten . 

Daga ƙarshe ta fara aiki da yumbu kuma ta koyi amfani da keken tukwane. A shekarar 1948 ta kafa injin tukwane a cikin wani yanki na Steiner a Spring Valley.  Ta koyar da tukwane a wani asibitin kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa a New York.

Bayan ta haɗu da Bernard Leach da Shoji Hamada a Kwalejin Black Mountain, North Carolina, ta sami amincewar Hamada ta yi aiki tare da shi a Mashiko bayan ya koma Japan. Ta yi tafiya zuwa can a shekarar 1954, ta jirgin ruwa. Darnell ya shafe lokaci mai tsawo tare da Bernard Leach kuma daga ƙarshe suka amince su yi aure, da farko suna da niyyar zama a Japan. Duk da haka, tare da ɗan Bernard David Leach ya bar Leach Pottery don kafa nasa ɗakin studio, suka koma Ingila a shekarar 1956. 

## Manazarta
Dick Lehman

**Dick Lehman** ɗan ƙasar Amurka ne mai zane-zanen yumbu wanda ke zaune a Indiana. Labarai da hotuna da dama da ke nuna dabarunsa da fahimtarsa sun bayyana a cikin mujallu da littattafai kan fasahar yumbu tun daga shekarar 1985, ciki har da labarai 34 a cikin *mujallar Ceramics Monthly* da aka buga a Amurka, babbar mujallar da ke yawo a fagen, da kuma labarai a cikin wasu mujallu 11 na duniya. 

Littattafai sama da 20 da aka buga tun farkon shekarun 1990 sun yi bayani game da aikin tukwane da tasirin Lehman, kamar su *Ceramics na ƙarni na 21 a Amurka da Kanada* da American Ceramic Society suka buga  da *The Art of Contemporary American [[Tukwane|Pottery]]* na Kevin Hluch.  

Lehman ya shahara a fanninsa saboda haɓaka dabarun harbawa guda uku: dogon wuta da itace, gefen wuta da kuma saggar -wuta. Waɗannan sun haifar da kayan tukwane masu ban mamaki, waɗanda wasu daga cikinsu suna zaune a cikin gidajen tarihi na yumbu da gidajen tarihi a Amurka da sauran wurare.  A watan Satumba na 2016, murfin *Ceramics Monthly* ya nuna wani zane mai launuka da yawa, mai laushi sosai na Lehman wanda mujallar ta lura cewa an harba shi da itace sau uku.  Wannan shine karo na uku da aka nuna aikinsa a murfin *Ceramics Monthly* . 

## Harba itace mai tsayi
Lehman ya yi rubuce-rubuce da yawa game da ziyararsa zuwa Japan, inda ya fara a shekarar 1992 don koyo daga ƙwararrun masu tukwane waɗanda suka ƙware a dabarun harba bindiga na da; a sakamakon haka, an gayyaci Lehman don ya nuna aikinsa a can. [undefined] Shiho Kanzaki na Japan, musamman, ya kasance babban tasiri. [1] Bisa gayyatar Kanzaki, an nuna ayyukan Lehman a cikin nunin mutane biyu a biranen Japan waɗanda aka san su da yumbu da faranti na gargajiya, Shigaki, Shiga, da Tamba a shekarar 1999. [2] Kanzaki ya kunna murhun anagama na tsawon kwanaki 10; ana sanya tukwanensa a cikin murhun ba tare da gilashi ba kuma suna fitowa da gilashin yumbu na halitta daga tokar da ke tashi. "Tsawon wutar yana ba da damar tara toka da saman da suka narke a hankali zuwa cikin alamu marasa tsari da aka sani da keshiki (wurare masu faɗi)." [3]

## Manazarta
Marilyn Levine

**Marilyn Levine** (an haife ta a ranar 22 ga Disamba, 1935 a Medicine Hat, Alberta, ta mutu a ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 2005 a Oakland, California ) ƙwararriyar mai zane ce ta yumbu 'yar ƙasar Kanada wadda aka sani da fasaharta ta trompe-l'œil . Ta yi suna wajen yin ayyukan fasaha na yumbu waɗanda suka yi kama da jakunkunan fata, tufafi, da jakunkuna.   Tana da alaƙa da ƙungiyar fasaha ta funk . 

## Sana'a
Levine ta girma a Calgary, Alberta, kuma ta ƙaura zuwa Edmonton don yin karatun sinadarai a Jami'ar Alberta inda ta sami digiri na biyu a shekarar 1959. [1] A shekarar 1961, ta ƙaura zuwa Regina tare da mijinta, Sidney Levine. [2] Saboda ba ta sami isasshen aiki a fannin sinadarai ba, Levine ta shiga cikin darussan zane, zane, tarihin fasaha, da tukwane ta hanyar Shirin Fadada Jami'ar Saskatchewan. [1] [3]

Bayan tafiya zuwa California a shekarar 1968, ta yanke shawarar yin tukwane a aikinta, kuma ta ƙaura zuwa California shekara guda bayan haka. Ta yi karatun sassaka a Jami'ar California, Berkeley, a ƙarƙashin kulawar Peter Voulkos .  A wannan lokacin ne ta fara haɓaka salon alamar kasuwancinta na gaske. A lokacin da take California ne ta fara hulɗa da ƙungiyar zane-zane ta funk .  Ta kammala digiri biyu a Jami'ar California, Berkeley (MA, 1970; MFA, 1971). A shekararta ta biyu a Berkeley, ta mai da hankali kan abubuwa marasa rai (musamman kayan fata) a matsayin "bayanan gogewa da ayyukan ɗan adam."  Levine ya haɓaka wannan baiwar cikin sauri don ƙirƙirar wakilcin abubuwa na fata masu inganci ta amfani da yumbu, tare da mai da hankali kan cikakkun bayanai na tsufa, sakawa, da siffanta fata. 

Ta koyar da zane-zane a jami'o'i da dama, ciki har da UC Berkeley, Jami'ar Saskatchewan da Jami'ar Utah. A shekarar 1975 ta saki Sidney Levine.  A shekarar 1976, ta koma Oakland, California, kuma ta kafa studio tare da Peter Voulkos. 

## Manazarta
Lucy M. Lewis

**Lucy Martin Lewis** (1890/8–12 ga Maris, 1992) ma'aikaciyar tukwane ce 'yar asalin Amurka daga Acoma Pueblo, New Mexico .  An san ta da kayan ado na tukwane masu launin baƙi da fari da aka yi ta amfani da dabarun gargajiya.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Lucy Martin Lewis a Sky City, wani wuri mai suna Mesa a Acoma Pueblo, New Mexico, ga Lola Santiago da Martin Ortiz.   Duk da cewa ta yi bikin ranar haihuwarta a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba, shekarar haihuwarta, ko da yake ba a san ta ba, wataƙila a shekarun 1890 ne. 

Babu makarantu a kan mesa, don haka Lewis bai sami ilimi ko azuzuwan fasaha ba. [1] Ta fara yin tukwane tun tana ɗan shekara takwas, bayan ta yi karatu tare da kakanta, Helice Vallo, da sauran matan Acoma Pueblo. [2] Iyayenta biyu suna aiki lokaci-lokaci a garin da ke kusa, Grants . An yi tukwanen tukwane na farko don masu yawon buɗe ido. Ana yin kwanukan toka cikin sauƙi kuma ana sayar da su akan senti biyar ko goma. [3]

A ƙarshen shekarun 1910, Lewis ta auri Toribio 'Haskaya' Luis. An canza sunan iyali zuwa Lewis lokacin da babban ɗanta, Ivan, ya shiga rundunar sojojin ruwa a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu .  Tana da 'ya'ya tara. Lewis tana kula da ayyukan gida kuma tana taimaka wa mijinta da noma, amma duk da haka ta sami lokaci don tukwanenta; bakwai daga cikin 'ya'yanta tara suka zama masu tukwane. 

## Manazarta
Tom Lollar

**Tom Lollar** ƙwararren mai yin yumbu ne na Amurka. Ya halarci Jami'ar Western Michigan kuma ya sami digirinsa na BFA a fannin Zane-zane da yumbu a shekarar 1973 da kuma digirinsa na MA a fannin Yumbu da Tarihin Fasaha a shekarar 1979. 

Tom Lollar ya gina zane-zanen yumbu da hannu waɗanda ke nuna jigogi na gine-gine da na ƙasa. Abubuwan da aka zana sun haɗa da alamomin ƙasa a gaban ginin da kuma kallon sama. Launin saman na musamman ya samo asali ne daga shafa fenti da gilashi na ƙarfe na tagulla, tagulla da platinum. Kowane ginin yumbu mai kusurwa huɗu yana da kusan 20 by 20 by 4 inches (510 mm × 510 mm × 100 mm) kuma ana iya sanya shi a cikin haɗuwa da lambobi marasa iyaka waɗanda suka dace da girman bango. [1]

A halin yanzu Tom Lollar shine shugaban Sashen Zane da Zane a Jami'ar Columbia. 

Tun daga shekarar 1988, ya kasance Daraktan Fasahar Kayayyaki a Cibiyar Lincoln . 

Shi amintacce ne na Cibiyar Buga Littattafai ta Duniya da ke New York . 

Ya fara koyar da yumbu da sassaka a shekarar 1975 kuma a halin yanzu yana cikin sashen Kwalejin Malamai, Jami'ar Columbia .  Ya taɓa koyarwa a Makarantar Zane ta Parsons da ke birnin New York . 

## Manazarta
Jacob Koopee Jr.

## Heading text
Jacob Koopee Jr. (Maris 3
## 
## Heading text
 ==
1, 1970 - Yuni 2011), wanda aka fi sani da Jacob Nampeyo Koopee, ɗan ƙasar Amurka ne kuma mai zane-zane na Hopi / Tewa . [1] [2]

## Nunin Nunin

# 2018 *Hopi Visions: Tafiya ta Ruhun Dan Adam*, Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Dallas 
# Gidan Tarihi na Heard na 2005 - Kyawawan Dabbobi Daga Duniya: Hopi Pottery Phoenix, Arizona
# 2005 Heard Museum West- Buggin' Art: Surprise, Arizona
# Gidan Tarihi na Heard na 2005 Yamma: Labarunmu, Fasaha da Al'adun Indiyawan Amurka. Abin mamaki, Arizona

## Manazarta
Eleni Skoura

Eleni Skoura (Girka: Ελένη Σκούρα, 21 Disamba 1896, Volos - 4 Fabrairu 1991) ita ce mace ta farko da ta zama memba a majalisa a Girka, an zabe ta a zaben da aka yi a watan Janairun 1953, biyo bayan zaben mata na farko a wannan ƙasar a cikin babban zaben Nuwamba 1952. A baya an ba mata damar yin zabe, kuma an zabi mata biyar, a zaben 1944 na Majalisar Kasa da aka kafa ta Girka Resistance.[3] Ta wakilci Thessaloniki kuma ta yi tsere da wata mace, Virginia Zanna . [4] Skoura ya kasance memba na Rally na Girka mai ra'ayin mazan jiya.[5]

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Ioannis Passalidis

**Ioannis Passalidis** (Girkanci: ; 1886-1968) ya kasance fitaccen memba na Hagu na Girka kuma wanda ya kafa jam'iyyar United Democratic Left .

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife shi a ƙauyen Kutaisi, Daular Rasha, yanzu a Georgia. Ya yi karatun likitanci a jami'o'in Moscow da Odessa . Ya kammala karatu a 1910 kuma ya zauna a garin Sukhumi a Caucasus . A shekara ta 1913 ya yi tafiya a Jamus don karatun digiri. Daga nan sai ya ƙware a matsayin likita a Odessa, ya ɗauki matsayin darektan asibitin Sukhumi. Bayan sanarwar 'yancin kai na Georgia, an zabe shi mataimakin jam'iyyar Noe Zhordania ta Georgian Social Democratic Labour Party a babban zaben Fabrairu 1919.

A shekara ta 1922, Passalidis ya zauna a Thessaloniki kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin likita. A cikin Babban zaben 1923 an zabe shi a karo na farko a majalisar dokokin Girka a matsayin mataimakin jamhuriya. A shekara ta 1941 jam'iyyarsa ta kafa kawance da National Liberation Front (EAM) kuma, a shekara ta 1945, an zabe shi a cikin kwamiti na tsakiya na EAM. A watan Yulin 1951 shi ne wanda ya haifar da kafa jam'iyyar United Democratic Left (EDA), wanda ya jagoranci har zuwa 1967, lokacin da mulkin kolona ya tsananta wa mambobinta.

Passalidis ya shiga cikin dukkan zaben majalisar dokokin Girka daga 1952 zuwa 1964 a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar United Democratic Left, yana daga cikin masu fafatawa a kusan dukkanin muhawara a wannan lokacin a majalisar.

An gurfanar da shi kuma an tsare shi a gidansa ta hanyar junta ta 1967. Wannan ya kara tabarbarewar lafiyarsa kuma ya mutu a 1968  a Thessaloniki . Har yanzu ana tunawa da shi da farin ciki tsakanin 'yan hagu na Girka, waɗanda har yanzu suna magana da shi a matsayin "Barbayiannis" (ɗan kawun Yahaya). 

## Manazarta
Bernardino Ramazzini

**Bernardino Ramazzini** (  ; 4 Oktoba 1633 - 5 Nuwamba 1714) likita ne ɗan Italiya.

Ramazzini, tare da Francesco Torti, sun kasance farkon masu goyon bayan amfani da ɓawon cinchona (wanda aka samo quinine daga gare shi) wajen magance zazzabin cizon sauro . Babban gudummawar da ya bayar ga likitanci ita ce littafinsa kan cututtukan sana'a, *De Morbis Artificum Diatriba* ("Cututtukan Ma'aikata"). 

## Rayuwa
An haifi Ramazzini a Carpi a ranar 4 ga Oktoba, 1633 bisa ga takardar shaidar haihuwarsa.  Ya yi karatun likitanci a Jami'ar Parma, inda sha'awarsa ga cututtukan aiki ta fara. &#x5B; ** &#x5D; 

## Sana'a
An naɗa shi shugaban ka'idar likitanci a Jami'ar Modena a shekara ta 1682 sannan ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa a fannin likitanci a Jami'ar Padua daga shekara ta 1700 har zuwa mutuwarsa. Sau da yawa ana kiransa "uban likitancin sana'a "

An buga bugu na farko na *De Morbis* a shekarar 1700 a Modena, na biyu kuma a shekarar 1713 a Padua.

## Manazarta
Susan Hale Kemenyffy

**Susan Hale Kemenyffy** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1941) ƙwararriyar mai fasaha ce 'yar Amurka wadda ke aiki a fannin zane da buga littattafai. An san ta da fasahar raku mai ƙirƙira da ta ƙirƙira tare da haɗin gwiwar mijinta Steven Kemenyffy .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Susan B. Hale a Springfield, Massachusetts . Ta sami digirin farko na Fasahar Fine Arts daga Jami'ar Syracuse a shekarar 1963. Ta yi karatu a The Art Student's League, Woodstock, New York da kuma Jami'ar Illinois, Champaign. A shekarar 1966, ta sami digirin Master of Arts daga Jami'ar Iowa ; A shekarar da ta biyo baya ta yi karatu tare da Mauricio Lasansky kuma ta sami digirin Master of Fine Arts tare da girmamawa.

Ta sami tallafi daga National Endowment for the Arts a shekarar 1973; daga cikin kyaututtukanta akwai kyautar Associated Artists of Pittsburgh daga Carnegie Mellon University Museum (1981, 1983, da 1987) da kyautar Nunin Zane na Shekara-shekara da Ƙaramin Zane daga Butler Institute of American Art (1982). Ta yi lacca sosai. Gidan Tarihi na Canton, Gidan Tarihi na Cincinnati, Gidan Tarihi na Erie Art, da Gidan Tarihi na Everson suna cikin cibiyoyin da ke da misalan ayyukanta,  kamar yadda Gidan Tarihi na Renwick na Smithsonian Institution yake.  A shekarar 2012, an nada ta a matsayin Mai Zane na Shekara a Pennsylvania . Tana auren mai zane Steven Kemenyffy, wanda take zaune tare da shi a McKean, Pennsylvania .  Tana da 'ya mace, Maya (an haife ta a shekarar 1970).

Tana da hannu dumu-dumu a cikin al'ummarta, bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Gidan Tarihi na Erie Art 1985-88, Shugaban Majalisar Pennsylvania kan Fasaha, 1997-2001, Shugaban Majalisar Ba da Shawara na Gidauniyar Erie Community 2006-2008, Amintaccen Gidauniyar Erie Community 2008-2017, kuma memba na dogon lokaci na Garden Club of America / Carrie T. Watson Garden Club. Ta bayar da gudummawar zane-zane da ayyukan fasaha don wuraren jama'a a Maine da Pennsylvania. 

## Aiki
Duk da cewa ita mai zane ce a fannin zane, Kemenyffy ta bayar da muhimmiyar gudummawa ga kayan yumbu na Amurka a ƙarshen shekarun 1960 da farkon shekarun 1970, musamman dangane da dabarun gwaji na raku. Ta bayyana a wata hira, "Yana yin yumbu da yawa kuma ya ƙi yin saman... don haka ya ce me zai hana ku ci gaba da zana wasu daga cikin waɗannan kayan kuma haka muka fara." [1] Steven Kemenyffy ya bayyana cewa sha'awarsu ga raku ta fito ne daga la'akari da amfani: "Mu [Steven da Susan] muna yin bita iri-iri a cikin kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban. Raku koyaushe hanya ce ta hukuma ta yin kayan a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci… A cikin raku da alama tana matse duk abubuwan da aka harba zuwa ɗaya." [2]

## Manazarta
Doyle Lane

**Doyle Lane** (1923 &#x2013; 2002) wani Ba’amurke ɗan asalin Afirka ne mai sana'ar yumbu wanda aka san shi da sabbin fenti mai laushi.  Ayyukansa sun haɗa da tukwane masu laushi da sassaka na yumbu zuwa manyan zane-zane da mosaics na yumbu. Lane ta kula da wani sitidiyo a gundumar El Sereno ta Gabashin Los Angeles. Ya nuna ayyukansa a Brockman Gallery da ke Leimert Park (1968) da Ankrum Gallery da ke La Cienega Boulevard (1967, 1968), duka manyan cibiyoyin zane-zane na Ba’amurken Afirka a Los Angeles a tsakiyar ƙarni na ashirin. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi

An haife shi a New Orleans, ya koma Los Angeles a ƙarshen shekarun 1940. Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Birnin Los Angeles, Kwalejin Birnin Gabashin Los Angeles kafin ya halarci Jami'ar Kudancin California . A farkon aikinsa, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai gyaran gilashi ga LH Butcher da Co. Daga baya ya ci gaba da yin aikin da zai iya tallafawa kansa a matsayin mai yin zane a ɗakin studio. [1]

## Kwamitoci
Lane ta ƙirƙiri manyan zane-zanen yumbu don wurare da yawa masu shahara a Kudancin California. 

* Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya da Lafiya ta Lutheran ta California (Alhambra)
* Bankin Jihar Golden (Downey)
* Ajiyar Kuɗi da Lamuni Mai Daidaito (Canoga Park)
* Makarantar Yara ta Duniya (Los Angeles)
* Miller Robinson (Santa Fe Springs)
* Rangwamen Kuɗi da Lamuni na Mutual, 1964 (Pasadena), wanda ɗakin karatu na Huntington ya saya
* Abincin Dakunan Kwano (Pasadena)

## Ayyuka

Fayil:Glazed_pot.jpg|alt=Glazed pot| Tukunya mai gilashi
Fayil:Doyle_Lane_Clay_Painting.JPG|alt=Clay painting| Zane-zanen yumbu
Fayil:Doyle_Lane_Fish.jpg|alt=Fish fountain| Maɓuɓɓugar kifi
Fayil:Doyle_Lane_Mural.JPG|alt=Mural at the Huntington Library| Zane a ɗakin karatu na Huntington
Fayil:Detail_Doyle_Lane_Mural.JPG|alt=Detail of mural at the Huntington Library| Cikakkun bayanai game da zane-zane a ɗakin karatu na Huntington
Fayil:Doyle_Lane_Weed_Pots.JPG|alt=Three Doyle Lane Weed Pots| Tukwane Uku na Ciyawar Layin Doyle


## Manazarta
Stelios Papathemelis

**Stelios Papathemelis** (Girkanci: ; an haife shi a watan Janairun shekara ta 1938) ɗan siyasan Girka ne kuma lauya. Ya yi karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Aristotle ta Thessaloniki .

## Ayyukan siyasa
An zabe shi a karo na farko a matsayin dan majalisa tare da EK-ND a zaben 1974. An sake zabarsa tare da EDIK a shekarar 1977. Bayan haka, ya shiga PASOK kuma an nada shi Mataimakin Ministan Ilimi a 1982-1985, Ministan Makidoniya da Thrace a 1987-1989 da Ministan Harkokin Jama'a a 1993-1995. A lokacin da yake Ministan Harkokin Jama'a, ya fuskanci adawa mai karfi, galibi daga masu kulob din dare da mashaya, don dokar hana fita ta 2am da ya sanya a kan kulob da mashaya. An ga yanke shawara a matsayin ƙoƙarin sarrafa rayuwar dare kuma ya saba wa ruhun Hellenanci na nishaɗi.

Daga baya ya bar PASOK kuma an zabe shi a matsayin dan majalisa mai zaman kansa a jerin sabbin jam'iyyun dimokuradiyya na Thessaloniki a zaben 2004.

Kodayake ya fara aikinsa na siyasa a cikin jam'iyya mai sassaucin ra'ayi kuma daga baya ya kasance a cikin jam-iyyar zamantakewar dimokuradiyya, yanzu an dauke shi dan kasa na hagu da kuma "mai kishin kasa na gargajiya". Yana da kyakkyawar dangantaka da Cocin Girka.

## Shugaban jam'iyyar
A watan Maris, 2007 ya sanar da kafa sabuwar jam'iyyar siyasa, Democratic Revival . A cikin Babban zaben Satumba 2007, Democratic Revival ya yi mummunan aiki, ya sami kashi 0.8% na kuri'un kasa kuma ya kasa samun wakilcin majalisa. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2009 ya kafa hadin gwiwar Panhellenic Macedonian Front tare da farfesa Kostas Zouraris don yin takara a zaben majalisar dokokin Turai na watan Yunin shekara ta 2009.[1] Jam'iyyar ta hada da kungiyoyin Girka na Makidoniya.

## Manazarta
Nikos Paraskevopoulos

**Nikos Paraskevopoulos** (Girkanci) Masanin laifuka ne na Girka wanda tsohon Ministan Shari'a, Bayyanawa da 'Yancin Dan Adam ne. Ya kasance farfesa a fannin shari'ar aikata laifuka a Jami'ar Aristotle ta Makarantar Shari'a ta Thessaloniki .  A cikin Zaben majalisar dokokin Girka na Satumba 2015, an zabe shi dan majalisa na mazabar Thessaloniki A tare da Siriya . Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Shari'a na Girka daga 27 ga Janairu zuwa 28 ga Agusta 2015. 

Paraskevopoulos yana da alhakin batutuwan aikata laifuka a karkashin tsohon Ministan Shari'a George Kouvelakis (1993-95), da kuma shirye-shiryen farfado da fursunoni daga 1988 zuwa 1997. [1] Shi ne mataimakin shugaban KETHEA, babbar hanyar gyaran miyagun ƙwayoyi da sake hadewa a Girka.[2]

Yayinda yake cikin majalisar ministocin inuwa ta Syriza ta 2012, an zabi Zoe Konstantopoulou don adalci,  bayan zaben majalisar dokoki na Janairu 2015 an yanke shawarar ba da mukamin ga masanin mai zaman kansa Paraskevopoulos. 

## Manazarta
Alice Kagawa Parrott

**Alice Kagawa Parrott** (12 ga Fabrairu, 1929 - 11 ga Satumba, 2009) ƙwararriyar mai zane ce ta Amurka kuma mai ƙera kayan yumbu ta ƙasar Japan. Ta yi yawancin rayuwarta ta girma a Santa Fe, New Mexico, inda ta kafa suna a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu saka kayan ƙasar, kuma ta buɗe ɗaya daga cikin shagunan farko na Santa Fe da aka keɓe don saka da sana'o'i.

## Rayuwar farko

### Ilimi
An haife ta a Honolulu, Hawaii, ga Takato da Isono Kagawa,  ma'aurata 'yan asalin Japan, Kagawa ita ce ƙarama a cikin yara shida.  Bayan kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Hawaii da ke Manoa a shekarar 1952, ta fara halartar Kwalejin Fasaha ta Cranbrook da ke Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, inda ta yi karatun saka da Marianne Strengell da kuma yin aikin tukwane tare da Maija Grotell . A Cranbrook, ta fara abota ta tsawon rai da abokiyar aikin fasaha ta Hawaii Toshiko Takaezu. A lokacin hutun Kirsimeti ta yi aiki na ɗan lokaci, tana aiki ga Jack Lenor Larsen a birnin New York .

### Matsar zuwa New Mexico
Bayan kammala karatunta daga Cranbrook a shekarar 1954, ta koma Albuquerque, New Mexico don ta ɗauki matsayin koyar da yumbu da saƙa a sashen fasaha a Jami'ar New Mexico . [1] A can, an fallasa ta a karon farko ga Ba’amurke ɗan Indiya - musamman Navajo - da al'adun saka da tukwane na Mexico. A ƙarƙashin tasirin al'adun saka na gida, Kagawa ta fara zare da ulu daga Las Vegas, New Mexico da kuma yin rini da kanta ta amfani da kayan halitta na gida.

A wannan lokacin ta kuma shafe lokaci a lokacin bazara a Mexico, tare da yin karatun yumbu tare da Marguerite Wildenhain a Pond Farm da ke Guerneville, California .

Kagawa ta haɗu da Allen Morgan Parrott a wata ziyara da ɗalibanta suka kai gidan adana kayan tarihi na kasa da kasa da ke Santa Fe a shekarar 1956, inda ya kasance mataimakin mai kula da harkokin jama'a . Sun yi aure kwana ɗaya bayan kammala makaranta a wannan shekarar, kuma ta bar aikin koyarwa. Ma'auratan da suka yi aure sun ƙaura zuwa wani gida mai ɗakuna huɗu a titin Canyon a Santa Fe, inda suka zauna har tsawon rayuwarsu, suna ɗaukar 'ya'ya maza biyu, Ben da Tim. A wannan shekarar, Kagawa ta buɗe ɗaya daga cikin shagunan farko na saka da sana'o'i a Santa Fe, mai suna The Market. Da farko The Market kawai ɗakin zama ne na gidanta a titin Canyon; daga baya ta koma wani wuri na kasuwanci a titin Palace kusa da gidan cin abinci na Shed.

## Makarantar
Karen Karnes

**Karen Karnes** (17 ga Nuwamba, 1925 - 12 ga Yuli, 2016) ƙwararriyar mai yin yumbu ce ta Amurka, wacce aka fi sani da yumbunta mai launin ƙasa da aka yi da gishiri. 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Karnes a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba, 1925 a birnin New York,  inda ta halarci makarantun fasaha na yara. Iyayenta masu aikin sutura baƙi ne na Rasha da Poland, kuma iyalin suna zaune a Bronx Coops. 

Karnes ta nemi shiga Makarantar Sakandare ta Kiɗa da Fasaha kuma an karɓe ta. Tun tana ƙarama tana kewaye da abubuwan da ke faruwa a birane da kuma tasirin gani, amma ta yi iƙirarin cewa manufofin iyayenta na da sun sa ta yi tsayin daka. A Kwalejin Brooklyn ta yi karatun digiri a fannin zane kuma ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1946. Bayan ta kammala karatunta, ta yi karatu a ƙasashen waje a Italiya, inda ta ci gaba da karatun yumbu. 

Bayan dawowa daga Italiya, Karnes ta fara karatun digiri a Jami'ar Alfred, amma ta tafi kafin ta kammala karatun digirinta don yin aiki a Kwalejin Black Mountain . 

## Kwalejin Baƙar fata ta Dutsen
Karnes ta fara haɗuwa da Kwalejin Black Mountain a shekarar 1947, inda ta ɗauki darasin zane-zane na bazara tare da Josef Albers. 

A shekarar 1952, ita da mijinta David Weinrib (wanda ta sake daga baya) [1] suka ƙaura zuwa North Carolina don zama masu gyaran tukwane a Kwalejin Black Mountain. [2] [3] Yayin da suke Kwalejin Black Mountain, Karnes da Weinrib sun saba da Merce Cunningham da John Cage, kuma daga baya suka zauna tare da su a Gate Hill Community . [2]

## Manazarta
Jun Kaneko

Jun Kaneko (金子 潤, Kaneko Jun; born 1942) is a Japanese-born American ceramic artist known for creating large scale ceramic sculpture. Based out of a studio warehouse in Omaha, Nebraska, Kaneko primarily works in clay to explore the effects of repeated abstract surface motifs by using ceramic glaze.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
A shekarar 1942 an haife shi a Nagoya, Japan, inda ya yi karatun zane a makarantar sakandare. Ya zo Amurka a shekarar 1963 don ci gaba da waɗannan karatun a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chouinard da ke Los Angeles lokacin da aka mai da hankali kan zane-zanen sassaka ta hanyar gabatar da shi ga Fred Marer. Ya yi karatu tare da Peter Voulkos, Paul Soldner, da Jerry Rothman a California a lokacin da yanzu aka ayyana shi a matsayin motsi na yumbu na zamani.

## Sana'a
A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, Kaneko ya koyar a makarantun fasaha daban-daban na Amurka, ciki har da Kwalejin Scripps, Kwalejin Fasaha ta Cranbrook da Makarantar Zane ta Rhode Island .

Kaneko ya kafa studio na uku a Omaha, Nebraska, a shekarar 1990 inda yake aiki a mafi yawan lokuta. Ya kuma ƙirƙiri ayyuka a ɗakunan gwaji da dama ciki har da Cibiyar Aikin Ceramic ta Turai, Kamfanin Ceramic na Otsuka Omi, Aikin Fabric, Bullseye Glass Co., da ASAP. Ya ƙirƙiri jerin manyan sassaka daga 1982-1983 a Aikinsa na Omaha, daga 1992-1994 a Aikinsa na Fremont da ke California kuma a halin yanzu yana aiki a Aikinsa na Mission Clay a Kansas. Ya samar da babban jerin kayan yumbu *na Dango* kamar tukwane ba tare da buɗewa ba. (Dango yana nufin "dumpling" ko "rufe siffa" a cikin Jafananci.) Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Honolulu yana da guda huɗu daga cikin waɗannan *dango* da aka sanya su a cikin farfajiya. Jerin ayyukansa masu yawa na ayyuka daban-daban suna bayyana a cikin nunin nunin kai da rukuni na duniya da yawa kowace shekara.

Tsarin Kaneko ya ƙunshi amfani da tef ɗin rufe fuska da zare masu launi, wanda yake amfani da shi don rufe siffofin yumbu masu tsaye da kuma sassan da aka rataye a bango tare da zane-zane da alamomi. Sau da yawa yana fifita babban farantin oval a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin tsarin sassakansa, wanda ke aiki a matsayin zane don shirya layuka madaidaiciya, lanƙwasa, da juyawa, yana ƙirƙirar haɗin hotuna marasa ma'ana akan saman mai girma uku. 

## Manazarta
Abdul Haq Akhund

Mullah **Abdul Haq Hamkar Akhund**  (Pashto:  ), wanda kuma ake kira **Abdul Haq Akhand**  ko **Abdulhaq Akhund**,  shi ne Mataimakin Ministan Cikin Gida na Counter Narcotics na Masarautar Musulunci ta Afghanistan tun daga 7 ga Satumba 2021.

## Ayyuka
A ranar 6 ga Satumba 2021, Akhund ya sadu da Shugaban Kwamitin Red Cross na Duniya (ICRC) Peter Maurer a Kabul kuma ya sanar da shi game da matsalolin da ke faruwa a Afghanistan a bangaren kiwon lafiya, wanda ICRC ta yi alkawarin taimako.

A ranar 7 ga Satumba 2021, an sanya Akhund Mataimakin Ministan Cikin Gida na Counter Narcotics na Masarautar Musulunci ta Afghanistan . 

## Manazarta
Abdul Razzaq Akhund

**[[Mullah]] Abdul Razzaq Faizullah Akhund** ɗan siyasan Taliban ne kuma soja wanda a halin yanzu yake aiki a matsayin Shugaba na Ma'aikatan 207 Al-Farooq Corps tun daga 4 ga Maris 2022. Akhund ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Ministan shahidai da Harkokin Naƙasa daga 4 ga Oktoba 2021 zuwa 4 ga Maris 2022.

## Manazarta