Kenneth Koma

**Gaobamong Kenneth Shololo Koma** (27 Yuli, 1923 - 19 Maris, 2007), wanda aka fi sani da **KK**,  ya kasance hamshaki a Motswana kuma ɗan siyasa wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Botswana National Front (BNF), babbar jam'iyyar adawa daga shekarun 1977 zuwa 2001. Ya kuma taɓa zama ɗan majalisar dokokin ƙasar Botswana, mai wakiltar mazaɓar Gaborone ta kudu daga shekarun 1984 zuwa 2004 sannan ya riƙe muƙamin jagoran jam'iyyar adawa daga shekarun 1984 zuwa 2003. Tare da Bathoen Gaseitsiwe da Philip Matante, ana masa kallon ɗaya daga cikin jagororin adawa na farko a cikin shekaru talatin na farko na mulkin Botswana Democratic Party (BDP).   

Shigar siyasar farko ta Koma ta fara ne a cikin shekarun 1950 lokacin da ya goyi bayan Seretse Khama a yakin neman 'yancin kan yankin Bechuanaland na Birtaniya. Sai dai bayan samun ‘yancin kai, ya nisanta kansa da Khama, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin masu sukarsa. A cikin shekarar 1965, Koma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa Botswana National Front tare da goyon bayan shugaban ƙabilar Bathoen Gaseitsiwe. Koma ya bayyana a matsayin "mai ra'ayin gurguzu na kimiyya" kuma ya jagoranci wani ɓangare a cikin jam'iyyar da ke ra'ayin gurguzu na Afirka. Duk da bambance-bambancen akida nasu, ya raba jagoranci tare da Bathoen, mai ra'ayin mazan jiya na gargajiya, a kokarin samar da karfin siyasa wanda ya dace da buƙatun ƙasar.

A cikin shekaru ashirin na farko bayan samun 'yancin kai, Koma ya fuskanci koma baya a zaɓuka, musamman saboda tsoma bakin Bathoen da nufin kawar da shugabancinsa. Duk da haka, ya yi nasarar cin zaɓe a matsayin shugaban BNF a shekarar 1977. Koyaya, Bathoen ya ci gaba da ware Koma a siyasance. A shekarar 1984, Koma ya sha kaye a hannun mataimakin shugaban ƙasa Peter Mmusi na jam'iyyar BDP a mazaɓar Gaborone ta Kudu a cikin wata badakalar maguɗin zaɓe . Koma ya ƙalubalanci sakamakon a kotu kuma ya samu nasara a zaɓen fidda gwani da ya biyo baya. Tare da ritayar Bathoen, Koma ya zama shugaban jam'iyyar kuma ya zama jagoran 'yan adawa.

Jagorancin Koma ya sa ido kan gagarumin ci gaba a nasarar zaɓen da 'yan adawa suka samu a tsarin jam'iyya mai rinjaye na Botswana. BNF ta karɓi iko da mafi yawan manyan cibiyoyin birane a shekarar 1984 kuma ta karfafa hakan a cikin shekarar 1989, ta zarce sauran ƙungiyoyin siyasa don kafa kanta a matsayin jam'iyya tilo, baya ga BDP, mai tasiri a cikin ƙasa. Koma ya yi matsin lamba ga gwamnatin Quett Masire da ta aiwatar da gyare-gyare, wanda ya kara tabbatar da gaskiyar gudanar da zaɓe. A ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa, BNF ta samu mafi kyawun sakamakonta a zaɓen shekarar 1994 kuma har yau ya kasance mafi girman yawan kuri'un jama'a da kowace jam'iyyar adawa ɗaya ta samu a Botswana, inda ta samu kujeru 13 cikin 40 na 'yan majalisar dokoki.

A lokacin da ya biyo baya, Koma ya fuskanci rikicin shugabanci da wani ƙaramin ɓangare na jam’iyyar, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Michael Dingake, wanda ya yi yunkurin tsige shi a ƙarshen shekarun 1990. Ko da yake yunƙurin nasu bai yi nasara ba, jam'iyyar da ta ɓalle da aka fi sani da Botswana Congress Party, ta yi wa BNF mummunan rauni a lokacin zaɓen shekarar 1999. Koma ya yi murabus a matsayin shugaban BNF bayan shan kayen da aka yi masa a tsakiyar shekara ta 2000 sannan ya sauka daga shugabancin jam'iyyar a shekara ta 2003. Ya yi ritaya daga majalisar a karshen wa'adinsa na huɗu a shekarar 2004. 

## Bayan Rayuwa da mutuwa
A cikin shekarunsa na ƙarshe, Koma ya fice daga BNF yayin da ƙungiyarsa ta rasa ikon jam'iyyar. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa New Democratic Front, amma matsalolin kiwon lafiya sun tilasta masa yin ritaya daga fagen siyasa.  Koma ya mutu a watan Maris na 2007 yana da shekaru 83 kuma an binne shi cikin sauki a garinsu na Mahalapye.

## Martaba
A matsayinsa na fitaccen shugaban siyasa wanda ya yi fice a Botswana kafin samun ’yancin kai da kuma bayan samun ’yancin kai, martabar siyasar Koma yana da yawa kuma yana da cece-kuce.   Magoya bayansa suna kare gwagwarmayar siyasarsa na dogon lokaci, sadaukar da kai ga ka'idodin gurguzu, ƙoƙarinsa na inganta Dimokuraɗiyya  a cikin tsarin siyasar Botswana, da rawar da ya taka a nasarar zaɓen BNF a cikin shekarun da suka gabata daga shekarun 1980 zuwa 1990.   Duk da haka, masu sukarsa suna tambayar shugabancinsa na mulkin kama-karya a cikin jam'iyyar, musamman bayan ficewar Bathoen a shekarar 1985, da kuma shigarsa cikin rarrabuwar kawuna na 'yan adawa wanda ya rushe babban fatan samun nasarar zaɓe a shekarar 1999.  Duk da wannan cece-kuce, jam'iyyar BNF da jam'iyyun da suka ɓalle a lokacin shugabancinsa suna kallon Koma a matsayin abin akida da siyasa.  

## Manazarta