Front for the Liberation of the Somali Coast

**Front for the Liberation of the Somali Coast** (French:  Front **de Libération de la Cote des Somalia**,) ƙungiya ce mai kishin ƙasa, sannan kuma ta kasance ƙungiyar masu fafutukar kwato 'yancin kan ƙasar Djibouti daga Faransa. Front de Libération de la Côte des Somalia (FLCS) ta sami karɓuwa a matsayin kungiyar 'yantar da ƙasa daga Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Afirka (OAU), wacce ta shiga cikin kuɗaɗen ta. FLCS ta sami damar samun tallafi daga ƙasashen Larabawa kamar Aljeriya.

## Tarihi
Za a iya gano tushen FLCS zuwa ga ci gaban kyamar mulkin mallaka da ra'ayin kishin ƙasa  na Djibouti tun bayan mulkin mallaka na Afirka. An kafa Front de Libération de la Côte des Somalia (FLCS) a cikin shekarar 1960 ta Mahamoud Harbi. Wanda ya kafa ta shine Adan Abdulle.  Djibouti ta kasance sansanin soja na Faransa a Gabashin Afirka kuma a kofar Tekun Bahar Maliya, ana tsare da kishi a cikin yankin Faransa. Ita ce sansanin soja na Faransa, tare da sojojinta da sansaninta na jiragen sama, a bude ga Gulf. A cikin watan Yuli 1966, fushi ya karu kuma muryoyin sun bukaci 'yancin kai. A cikin watan Agusta 1966, a kan hanyar zuwa yawon shakatawa na duniya (wanda ya shahara da jawabin Phnom Penh sannan yawon shakatawa na "atomic" a cikin Pacific), de Gaulle ya tsaya a Djibouti.

Da yake magana a cikin Majalisar, De Gaulle ya yi ƙoƙari ya sake samun iko kuma, kamar a cikin watan Agusta 1958 tare da sassan Guinea da Senegal na rangadinsa na Afirka, ya ce: "Alamomin, waɗanda muka sami damar karantawa, da tashin hankalin waɗanda suka sa su, ba shakka ba su isa ba don nuna mulkin Dimokuraɗiyya na yankin Faransa a nan. Yana yiwuwa wata rana za ta zo lokacin da ta hanyar dimokuraɗiyya  ta hanyar bayyana ra'ayi ɗaya. " 'Yan sandan gwamnatin Faransa da 'yan kishin ƙasar Djibouti sun yi arangama a birnin Djibouti a tsakanin ranakun 25-26 ga watan Agustan 1966, wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar fararen hula goma da ɗan sandan gwamnati guda. An kama mutane 27 da hannu a cikin zanga-zangar. An gina shingen shinge na waya don kewaye birnin Djibouti: a hukumance, don yaki da bakin haure na Somaliya ba bisa ka'ida ba; amma kuma wani makami ne na kula da harkokin siyasa na al'ummar da sojojin Faransa ke marawa baya - wani abu da Pierre Messmer, Ministan Sojin ƙasar ya kona, wanda kuma ya zama hujjar adawa da Jacques Foccart kan batun Djibouti. Duk da haka, Jacques Foccart ya fito ne a matsayin mai tsananin goyon bayan wannan bango, wanda aka la'anta a matsayin "bangon kunya" na masu kishin ƙasa na Front for Liberation of Somalia Coast.  Gwamnatin Faransa ta kori wasu 'yan ƙabilar Somaliya 6,000 zuwa Somaliya tsakanin watan Agusta 1966 da Maris 1967. 'Yan kishin ƙasa na Djibouti sun yi zanga-zangar neman 'yancin kai a ranar 13-21 ga watan Satumba 1966, wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 21. A ranar 21 ga watan Satumba 1966, Gwamna-Janar Louis Saget ya sanar da shawarar gwamnatin Faransa na gudanar da zaɓen raba gardama kan matsayin Faransan Somaliland. Sojojin gwamnatin Faransa sun kashe mutane shida a kusa da birnin Djibouti tsakanin 1 ga watan Oktoba da 21 ga watan Nuwamba 1966. Babban Sakatare Janar na FLCS na farko shi ne Abdourrahman Ardeye, wanda wani na hannun daman Harbi Abdourrahaman Ahmed Hassan, wanda aka fi sani da "Gabode", ya maye gurbinsa a 1966 a shekara ta 1966 da wani na kusa da Harbi Abdourrahaman Ahmed Hassan, wanda aka fi sani da "Gabode", wanda ya gaji 1966 bayan ya yi zaman gidan yari na shekaru biyu, ta hanyar Aden Awaleh 19.  An kama mutane 18 da hannu a cikin zanga-zangar.

Kimanin kashi 60 cikin 100 na masu kaɗa kuri’a, galibi ‘yan ƙabilar Afar ne tare da wasu Somaliyawa da Larabawa, sun fi son ci gaba da zama yankin ketare na Faransa (wanda aka fi sani da Faransa Territory of Afars and Issas) a zaɓen raba gardama da aka gudanar a ranar 19 ga watan Maris 1967. Sojojin gwamnatin Faransa sun murkushe zanga-zangar a birnin Djibouti a ranar 20 ga watan Maris 1967, wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane goma sha ɗaya. Sojojin gwamnatin Faransa sun kashe mutane hudu a ranar 6 ga watan Afrilun 1967. An sauya sunan Somaliland ta Faransa zuwa yankin Faransa na Afars da Issa a ranar 3 ga watan Yuli 1967. An gudanar da zaben 'yan majalisu a ranar 17 ga watan Nuwamba 1968, kuma jam'iyyar Afar Democratic Rally (Rassemblement Democratique Afar–RDA) ta lashe kujeru 20 cikin 32 na majalisar. FLCS ta fara ayyukan makamai a wajen Djibouti a cikin shekarar 1968. A cikin watan Janairu 1970 Front de Libération de la Cote des Somalia sun yi ikirarin kai hari kan shahararren Palm a Zinc, mashaya a cikin birnin Djibouti.

An gudanar da zaɓen majalisar dokoki a ranar 18 ga watan Nuwamba 1973. Gamayyar jam'iyyar Majorité, wadda ta kunshi galibin 'yan ƙabilar Afar, ta lashe mafi yawan kujeru a majalisar. An kashe mutane 11 a rikicin siyasa a Djibouti a ranar 25-26 ga watan Mayu 1975. A shekara ta 1975 kungiyar Front de Libération de la Cote des Somalia ta yi garkuwa da jakadan Faransa a Mogadishu – Somalia, Jean Guery, domin a yi musanya da wasu masu fafutuka na mambobin FLCS guda biyu da aka ɗaure a ƙasar Faransa. A cikin watan Disamba 1975, ta yi ikirarin kai hari kan Ali Aref Bourhan.

A ranar 31 ga watan Disamba 1975, babban taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ya yi kira ga gwamnatin Faransa da ta janye daga mulkin mallaka. A cikin watan Fabrairun 1976, FLCS ta yi ikirarin sace wata motar bas ta makaranta, wanda ya ƙare da mutuwar masu garkuwa da yara biyu.   Kungiyar Haɗin Kan Afirka (OAU) ta aike da tawagar tantance mutane 15 ( Egypt, Guinea, Liberia, Mozambique, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire ) zuwa yankin daga ranar 29 ga watan Afrilu zuwa 11 ga Mayun 1976.

Sojojin gwamnatin Faransa sun yi luguden wuta kan masu zanga-zanga a Tadjoura a ranar 2 ga watan Mayun 1976, wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutum guda. An kashe mutane 13 a rikicin siyasa a Djibouti a ranar 10 ga Yulin 1976. An zabi Abdallah Mohamed Kamil Firayim Minista a ranar 29 ga watan Yulin 1976. Wakilan gwamnatin Faransa da 'yan kishin ƙasar Djibouti sun gudanar da shawarwari a birnin Paris tun daga ranar 28 ga watan Fabrairun 1977. OAU ta gudanar da shawarwari tsakanin wakilan gwamnatin Faransa da masu kishin kasar Djibouti a Accra, Ghana daga ranar 28 ga watan Maris zuwa 1 ga watan Afrilun 1977. An gudanar da zaɓen majalisar wakilai a ranar 8 ga watan Mayun 1977, kuma ƙungiyar Jama'a ta Rally for Independence (Rassemblement Populaire pour Independence-RPI) ta lashe kujeru 65 cikin 65 na majalisar. Kimanin kashi 99 cikin 100 na masu jefa kuri’a na Djibouti ne suka amince da samun ‘yancin kai daga Faransa a zaɓen raba gardama da aka gudanar a ranar 8 ga watan Mayun 1977. A ranar 27 ga watan Yunin 1977, a hukumance ke bikin 'yancin kai na Djibouti.

Gwamnatin Somaliya ta samu goyon bayan gwagwarmayar sojan FLCS.  Kungiyar ta kuma samu taimako daga OAU a matsayin kungiyar 'yantar da ƙasa. A cikin lokacin 1971-1972, FLCS ta karɓi fam 1500 daga OAU, 0.14% na adadin kuɗin da jiki ya bayar ga ƙungiyoyin 'yantar da Afirka daban-daban a lokacin.  FLCS ta samo asali ne a cikin buƙatunta tsakanin buƙatar haɗin kai a cikin yuwuwar "Babban Somaliya" ko 'yancin kai na yanki. A cikin shekarar 1975 FLCS ta tunkari Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka don 'Yancin kai kuma a ƙarshe ta zaɓi hanyar samun 'yancin kai, wanda ya haifar da tashin hankali da Mogadishu, Somalia. A ranar 27 ga watan Yunin 1977 da aka samu 'yancin kai, an shigar da mayakan FLCS 2,000 zuwa 2,500 cikin sabbin sojojin kasar Djibouti, amma ba na MLD ba duk da bukatar Ahmed Dini.

## Manazarta