Karana (rawa)

**Karana** s su ne manyan sauyi 108  a cikin rawar gargajiya ta Indiya da aka bayyana a Babi na 4 mai suna "Tandava Lakshana" na Natya Shastra . *Karana* suna ne na baki na Sanskrit, ma'ana "yi".

## Bayani
Natya Shastra ta bayyana cewa Karanas su ne tsarin shirye-shiryen "margi" (pan-Indian classic) waɗanda ake tsammanin za su haskaka masu kallo a ruhaniya, sabanin shirye-shiryen "desi" (rawar jama'a ta yanki ko ta pop) waɗanda za su iya nishadantar da masu kallo kawai. "Wanda ya yi kyau wannan rawar Karana da Maheswara ta ƙirƙira zai 'yantu daga dukkan zunubai zuwa gidan wannan allahn," in ji Natya Shastra 

Wasu daga cikin sanannun fassarorin karanas sun fito ne daga Padma Subramanyam waɗanda suka dogara ne akan gajerun jimloli 108 na motsi waɗanda ke bayyana takamaiman motsi na ƙafa, kwatangwalo, jiki, da hannu tare da hasta mudras da aka bayyana a cikin Natya shastra da sauran littattafai, da kuma daga zane-zanen motsi a cikin sassaka a cikin gidajen ibada guda biyar na Kudancin Indiya, musamman haikalin Chidambaram wanda ya ƙunshi hotunan cikakken saitin. Padma Subrahmanyam ta rubuta wani littafi mai suna Karanas-Codes na rawa na Indiya da Indonesia, bisa ga bincikenta na karanas daga gidajen ibada na Prambanan (Indonesia), Thanjavur, Kumbakonam, Chidambaram, Thiruvannamalai, da Vriddhachalam. A ƙarni na 20, ita ce 'yar rawa ta farko da ta sake gina Karanas a matsayin motsi, waɗanda aka ɗauke su a matsayin kawai yanayin da suka gabata.

Wasu malaman addinin Bharatanatyam, kamar Adyar Lakshman (makarantar Kalakshetra), da kuma malaman addinin Kuchipudi Vempati Chinna Satyam da CRAcharya suma sun yi ƙoƙarin sake gina dukkan karana 108, waɗanda galibi sun bambanta sosai da fassarar Padma Subrahmanyam har ma a matakin chari (motsi ƙafa) babu wata yarjejeniya game da fassarar wace ce daidai. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup> Saboda bambance-bambancen da ke cikin zane-zanen, yawancin makarantun gargajiya na Bharatanatyam sun ɗauki salon Padma Subrahmanyam, wanda ya haɗa Karanas a matsayin ba daidai ba, wanda ya tilasta mata sanya salon nata a matsayin [[Bharatanrityam]] maimakon Bharatanatyam . Yawancin almajiran Padma Subrahmanyam, kamar Bala Devi Chandrashekar (SPNAP Academy of performing art) - [https://dancersujathamohan.com/ Sujatha Mohan] (Padmashree Nrithyalaya), Uma Sriram, Jayashree Rajagopalan, Dominique Delorme (Faransa) da sauransu suna koyar da karanas 108 bisa ga binciken Subramanyam. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

Akwai da. devadasis wanda ya yi dukkan karana 108. Duk da haka, yanzu a mafi yawan makarantun Bharatanatyam ko Odissi na zamani, ƙaramin adadin karanas da abubuwan da suka samo asali ne kawai aka yada ta hanyar parampara har zuwa yanzu.

Baya ga haka, yin wasan Karana iri ɗaya ya bambanta sosai a cikin salon gargajiya na Indiyawa daban-daban. A halin yanzu, dangane da ainihin dabarar, babu ƙa'idodi da aka kafa kuma babu fassarar rubuce-rubuce da sassaka da aka amince da su a duk duniya. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Jerin Karanas 108

# Talapuṣpapuṭam
# Vartitam
# Valitōrukam
# Apaviddham
# Samanakham
# Līnam
# Swastikarēchitam
# Manḍalaswastikam
# Nikuṭṭakam
# Ardhanikuṭṭam
# Kaṭīchinnam
# Ardharēchitam
# Vakśaswastikam
# Unmattam
# Swastikam
# Pṭhaswastikam
# Dikswastikam
# Alātam
# Kaṭīsam
# Ākśiptarēchitam
# Babban Shafi
# Ardhaswastikam
# Añchitam
# Bhujaṅgatrāsitam
# Ūrdhvajānu
# Nikuñchitam
# Mattalli
# Ardhamattalli
# Rēchitanikuṭṭam
# Pādāpaviddakam
# Valitam
# Gūrṇitam
# Lalitam
# Daḍapakśam
# Bhujagatrastarēchitam
# Nūpuram
# Vaiṣākharēchitam
# Bhramaram
# Chaturam
# Bhujaṅgāñchitam
# Daḍarēchitam
# Vṛśchikakuṭṭitam
# Kaṭībhrāntam
# Latāvṛśchikam
# Chinnam
# Vṛśchikarēchitam
# Vṛśchikam
# Vyamsitam
# Pārśvanikuṭṭakam
# Lalāṭatilakam
# Krāntam
# Kuñchitam
# Chakramaṇḍalam
# Urōmaṇḍalam
# Akśiptam
# Talavilāsitam
# Argaḷam
# Vikṣiptam
# Avartam
# Dōlāpādam
# Vivṛttam
# Vinivṛttam
# Pārśvakrāntam
# Niṣumbhitam
# Vidyutbhrāntam
# Atikrāntam
# Vivartitakam
# Gajakrīḍitam
# Talasamsphoṭitam
# Garuḍaplutam
# Gaṇḍasūchī
# Parīvṛttam
# Pārśvajānu
# Gṛdrāvalīnakam
# Sannatam
# Sūchi
# Ardhasūchī
# Sūchīviddham
# Apakrāntam
# Mayuralatim
# Sarpitam
# Danɗapādam
# Harinaplutam
# Prēnkōlitam
# Nitambam
# Skalitam
# Karihastam
# Prasarpitam
# Simhavikrīḍitam
# Simhākarṣitam
# Udvṛttam
# Upaśṛtam
# Talasaṅghaṭṭitam
# Janitam
# Avahittakam
# Nivēśam
# Ēlakākrīditam
# Ūrūdvṛttam
# Madaskalitam
# Viṣṇukrāntam
# Sambhrāntam
# Viśkhambam
# Udghaṭṭitam
# Vṛśabhakrīḍitam
# Lōlitam
# Nagāpasarpitam
# Śakaṭāsyam
# Gaṅgāvataranam

## Duba kuma

* Kuchipudi

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Padma Subrahmanyam, "Bharatha Natyam - Rawar Gargajiya ta Tsoffin Tamils. Matsayin Zane-zanen Rawa a Tamilnad (1968) Archived   Gabatarwar P. Subrahmanyam, tare da hotuna da ke nuna karana 108.