Majalisar kan Harkokin Afirka

**Majalisar kan harkokin Afirka** ( **CAA** ), har zuwa 1941 da ake kira da **International Committee on African Affairs** (ICAA), kungiya ce ta sa kai da aka kafa a 1937 a Amurka. Ya bayyana a matsayin babbar muryar adawa da mulkin mallaka da Pan-Africanism a Amurka da kuma na duniya kafin yakin cacar baka ya haifar da rikici tsakanin mambobin; Kungiyar ta rabu a cikin 1955.  Har ila yau, rarrabuwar ta taso ne sakamakon watsi da wanda ya kafa Max Yergan ya yi watsi da siyasar hagu ; ya ba da shawarar mulkin mallaka a Afirka. 

## Membobin kafa
Paul Robeson ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban CAA na tsawon rayuwarta yayin da WEB Du Bois ya kasance mataimakin shugaba kuma shugaban kwamitin agaji na Afirka. Mai fafutuka Max Yergan, wanda ya koyar a Kwalejin City na New York (har zuwa 1941), shine Babban Darakta na farko. Alphaeus Hunton, mataimakin farfesa a sashen Turanci da Romance Languages a Jami'ar Howard, ya shiga CAA a 1943 a matsayin Daraktan Ilimi.

An nada shi a matsayin Babban Darakta, bayan Yergan ya yi murabus. Hunton kuma shi ne editan littafin CAA, *[[Jamhuriyar Sabuwar Afrika|New Africa]] .* Shi ne babban karfi bayan yawancin ayyukan CAA da hangen nesa a farkon shekarun 1950.  

Sauran membobin majagaba na ICAA su ne Raymond Leslie Buell da Ralph J. Bunche . CAA, daga farkonta a cikin 1941, ta sami goyon bayan masu fafutuka na yau da kullun da masu ilimin sassaucin ra'ayi irin su masanin tarihin ɗan adam Franz Boas, masanin tarihi E. Franklin Frazier, mai rikodin rikodin John H. Hammond, Mary McLeod Bethune (daga Hukumar Kula da Matasa ta Kasa ) da Rayford Logan

Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI) ya binciki membobin da suka kafa CAA a farkon 1942. 

Babban mai ba da gudummawar CAA shine Frederick Vanderbilt Field . 

## Buri da sako
Majalisar kula da harkokin Afirka ta bayyana tare da inganta alaƙar alaƙa tsakanin gwagwarmayar Amurkawa na Afirka da makomar al'ummomin da suka yi wa mulkin mallaka a Afirka, Asiya da sauran wurare a duniya. Daga cikin sauran kamfen ɗin, ta nemi gwamnatin tarayya da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya tare da ba da tallafin kayan aiki a madadin 'yancin kai na Indiya, da yajin aikin ƙungiyoyin kwadago a Najeriya, da agajin yunwa na Afirka . Ya bayyana alakar da ke tsakanin waɗannan kamfen da babban sukar mulkin mallaka da jari hujja ta hanyar bulletinta na wata-wata *New Africa* . Babban aikin CAA ya faru dangane da Afirka ta Kudu . Ta tallafa wa masu aikin hakar ma'adinai masu yajin aiki da kuma taimaka wa duniya baki daya game da gwagwarmayar Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu da Tarayyar Afirka ta Kudu da manufofinta na kakaba wariyar launin fata .

## ''Afirka ta Kudu ba a tantance ba'' (1951)
A cikin 1951, Majalisar ta samar da fim ɗin shirin agitprop na rabin sa'a game da wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu, wanda Paul Robeson ya ruwaito kuma Hortense Beveridge ya shirya.  Sanannen kwafin fim ɗin kawai, *Afirka ta Kudu Ba a tantance shi ba*, wani ɓangare ne na Tarin Pearl Bowser (2012.79.1.5.1a) ta Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture (akwai don rafi ta gidan yanar gizon gidan kayan gargajiya). 

## Raddi ga taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya 1945
Membobin CAA sun yi fatan cewa bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II, lokacin da ƙasashen Yamma suka ɗauki sabbin ƙudiri kan batun mulkin mallaka, cewa za su ƙarfafa 'yancin kai na duniya na uku a ƙarƙashin kulawar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.  Don ɓacin ran CAA, Amurka ta gabatar da shawarwari masu yawa a taron Afrilu-Mayu 1945 waɗanda ba su da takamaiman iyaka game da tsawon lokacin mulkin mallaka kuma babu wani motsi na barin mallakar yanki don matsawa zuwa mulkin kai. 

## Cold War
Majalisar kula da harkokin Afirka ta ba da shawarar dunkulewar haƙƙin cikin gida na cikin gida, da goyon bayan ƙungiyoyin 'yantar da Afirka, da kuma ra'ayin da bai dace ba a ɓangaren ƙasashe masu tasowa game da ƙwararrun yaƙin cacar baka . Haɗe tare da yawancin shugabannin CAA na baya da na yanzu tare da Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Amurka, wannan matsayi ya zama wanda ba zai iya tsayawa ba a siyasance tun farkon shekarun 1950. Kwamitin Ayyukan Ba-American na Majalisar (HUAC) ya sanya matsin lamba ga ƙungiyoyi da masu fafutuka masu alaƙa da kwaminisanci. Magoya bayan masu sassaucin ra'ayi sun yi watsi da CAA kuma gwamnatin tarayya ta murkushe ayyukanta. A cikin 1953, an tuhumi CAA da yin juyin mulki a ƙarƙashin Dokar McCarran . Manyan shugabanninta, da suka hada da Robeson, Du Bois, da Hunton, an fuskanci cin zarafi, tuhume-tuhume, da kuma batun Hunton, daurin watanni shida.

A karkashin nauyin rikice-rikice na cikin gida, zalunci na gwamnati, da matsalolin kuɗi, Majalisar Harkokin Afirka ta wargaje a 1955. Gwamnatin Amurka ta ɗauki shawarar 'yantar da 'yan mulkin mallaka na Afirka a matsayin "al'adar gurguzu" don haka ya saba wa bukatun kasa a lokacin yakin cacar baka . 

Bayan wuce gona da iri na Joseph Stalin a cikin Tarayyar Soviet na kisa da danne miliyoyin mutane, da sauran matsaloli a duniyar kwaminisanci, Max Yergan ya yi watsi da tsarin gurguzu kuma ya yi magana da shi. A cikin 1952, ya yi magana game da gurguzu a ziyarar da ya kai Afirka ta Kudu. A shekara ta 1964, ya yaba da wasu bangarori na shirin gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu na "ci gaba na dabam" karkashin mulkin wariyar launin fata . A cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na rayuwa, ya jagoranci ƙungiyar al'amuran Amurka da Afirka masu ra'ayin mazan jiya. 

## Nassoshi