Peter Brötzmann

**Peter Brötzmann** (6 Maris 1941 - 22 Yuni 2023) ya kasance dan wasan jazz na Jamus kuma dan wasan clarinet wanda aka dauka a matsayin babban mutum kuma mai gabatarwa a cikin Jazz kyauta na Turai. A cikin aikinsa, ya saki fiye da hamsin albums a matsayin jagora. Daga cikin abokan aikinsa da yawa akwai manyan mutane a cikin jazz kyauta, ciki har da Derek Bailey, Anthony Braxton da Cecil Taylor, da kuma masu kida na gwaji kamar Keiji Haino da Charles Hayward. Shirinsa na 1968 Machine Gun ya zama "ɗaya daga cikin manyan kundin jazz na karni na 20".

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Rayuwa

An haifi Brötzmann a Remscheid a ranar 6 ga Maris 1941 .  Ya yi karatun zane a Wuppertal Ruwa ya shiga cikin ƙungiyar Fluxus  amma bai gamsu da wuraren zane-zane da nune-nunen ba. Ya sami kide-kide na jazz na farko lokacin da ya ga mawaƙin jazz na Amurka Sidney Bechet yayin da yake makaranta a Wuppertal, kuma ya yi tasiri na dindindin. Miles Davis da John Coltrane ne suka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi.

Brötzmann bai bar horar da shi na fasaha ba, yana tsara mafi yawan murfin kundin sa. Ya koya wa kansa yin wasa da clarinet da saxophone, [1] kuma an san shi da yin wasa da Tatogató. [2] Daga cikin haɗin gwiwar kiɗa na farko ya kasance tare da bassist biyu Peter Kowald . Ga Adolphe Sax, an saki rikodin farko na Brötzmann, a cikin 1967 kuma ya ƙunshi Kowald da Sven-Åke Johansson . [1][2] A shekara ta 1968, an saki Machine Gun, rikodin octet.[2] An samar da kundin ne da kansa a karkashin lakabin rikodin BRO kuma an sayar da shi a kide-kide, kuma daga baya FMP ta tallata shi. A cikin 2007, Atavistic ta sake fitar da Machine Gun . [3] "Machine Gun" wani laƙabi ne Don Cherry ya ba shi "don bayyana salon tashin hankali"

Brötzmann ya mutu a ranar 22 ga Yuni 2023, yana da shekaru 82, a gida a Wuppertal, Jamus.  

### Ayyuka
An rubuta kundin Nipples a cikin 1969 tare da yawancin mawaƙa na Machine Gun, gami da dan wasan Han Bennink, dan wasan piano Fred Van Hove, dan wasan saxophon Evan Parker, da kuma dan wasan guitar na Burtaniya Derek Bailey. Saiti na biyu na ɗaukar daga waɗannan zaman, wanda ake kira More Nipples, ya fi ƙarfi. *Fuck na Boere* (wanda aka keɓe ga Johnny Dyani) kundi ne na rayuwa na zaman kyauta daga waɗannan shekarun farko, wanda ke dauke da dogon lokaci guda biyu, rikodin 1968 na "Machine Gun" kai tsaye (a farkon sigar studio) da kuma jam mai tsawo daga 1970. Brötzmann ya kasance memba na Bennink's Instant Composers Pool, ƙungiyar mawaƙa waɗanda suka saki nasu rikodin kuma hakan ya girma ya zama ƙungiyar mawaƙa 10.

Hanyoyin yawon shakatawa tare da Alfarwa ICP ko octet dinsa ya haifar da Brötzmann ya rage kungiyar zuwa uku tare da Han Bennink da Fred Van Hove. Bennink ya kasance abokin tarayya a *Schwarzwaldfahrt*, wani kundin duets da aka rubuta a waje a cikin Black Forest a cikin 1977, tare da Bennink yana bugawa a kan bishiyoyi da sauran abubuwa a cikin dazuzzuka.

A cikin 1981, Brötzmann ya yi watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo tare da Frank Wright da Willem Breuker (saxophones), Toshinori Kondo (trumpet), Hannes Bauer da Alan Tomlinson (trombones), Alexander von Schlippenbach (piano), Louis Moholo (drums), da Harry Miller (bass). An saki wannan a matsayin kundin *Alarm* . 

A cikin shekarun 1980s, kiɗan Brötzmann ya rinjayi ƙarfe mai nauyi da dutsen hayaniya. Ya kasance memba na Last Exit kuma ya rubuta kiɗa tare da bass guitarist da kuma furodusa Bill Laswell . 

Brötzmann kuma ya rubuta ko ya yi tare da Cecil Taylor, Keiji Haino, Willem van Manen, Mats Gustafsson, Ken Vandermark, Conny Bauer, Joe McPhee, Paal Nilssen-Love, tare da Oxbow,  kuma tare da Caspar Brötzmann, ɗansa.

## Rubuce-rubuce
Rubuce-rubuce tare da Brötzmann a matsayin jagora sun haɗa da: 

* *Ga Adolphe Sax* (Brö, 1967) 
* *Injin Gun* (Brö, 1968) 
* Nipples (Calig, 1969) 
* Solo (FMP, 1976) 
* *3 Points da Dutsen* tare da Misha Mengelberg da Han Bennink (FMP, 1979) 
* *Alarm* (FMP, 1983) 
* *Pica Pica* (FMP, 1984) 
* Berlin Djungle (FMP, 1987) 
* Go-No-Go (FMP, 1987) 
* *Rashin Rayuwa* (Celluloid, 1987) 
* *A cikin Yanayin Rashin Rashin Rashi* tare da Jay Oliver (FMP, 1989) 
* Réservé tare da Günter Sommer (FMP, 1989) 
* Babu Babu *Babu Babu Wani Abu* (FMP, 1991) 
* *Marz Combo Live a Wuppertal* (FMP, 1993) 
* Waƙoƙin tare da Fred Hopkins da Rashied Ali (FMP, 1994) 
* *Chicago Octet / Tentet* (Okka Disk, 1998) 
* Stone/Ruwa (Okka Disk, 2000) 
* *Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Atlanta* tare da Fred Hopkins (Okka Disk, 2001) 
* *Fuck na Boere* (Atavistic, 2001) 
* Takaitaccen Ziyarar Babu Wuri (Okka Disk, 2002) 
* Kashe Turanci (Okka Disk, 2002) 
* Ƙarin Nipples (Atavistic, 2003) 
* *Labarai da ba su da lokaci* (HatHut, 2004) 
* *Alamomi* (Okka Disk, 2004) 
* *Hotuna* (Okka Disk, 2004) 
* *Kasancewa da Dare na Kiɗa* (Okka Disk, 2005) 
* *Yanayin Amurka 1* (Okka Disk, 2007) 
* *Yanayin Amurka 2* (Okka Disk, 2007) 
* *Ƙashin gashi* tare da Toshinori Kondo (Okka Disk, 2009) 
* Lost & Found (FMP, 2009) 
* *Goosetalks* tare da Johannes Bauer (Kilogram, 2010) 
* Woodcuts tare da Paal Nilssen-Love (Smalltown Superjazzz, 2010) 
* 3 Nights a Oslo (Smalltown Superjazzz, 2010) 
* *Rayuwa a Wiesbaden* tare da Jörg Fischer (Ba Biyu ba, 2011) 
* *Yatagarasu* tare da Masahiko Satoh (Ba Biyu ba, 2012) 
* *Tafiya, Ƙauna, Barci* (Smalltown Superjazzz, 2012) 
* Whatthefuckdoyouwant tare da Sonny Sharrock (Trost, 2014) 
* Shake na Mental (Otoroku, 2014) 
* Kyakkyawan Ƙarya (Neos, 2016) 
* *Ina mika wuya ƙaunatacce* (Trost, 2019)