Cin hanci da rashawa a Najeriya

## Tarihi da lokuta
Habaka ayyukan gwamnati da gano man fetur da iskar gas wasu manyan al'amura biyu ne da ake kyautata zaton sun haifar da ci gaba da yawaitar ayyukan rashawa a kasar.  

Gwamnati ta yi kokarin rage cin hanci da rashawa ta hanyar kafa dokoki da tabbatar da gaskiya amma ba a samu nasara ba. 

An yi imanin cewa zari,salon raini,al'adu,da halayen mutane sun haifar da cin hanci da rashawa.Wani tushe kuma shine kabilanci. Abokai da ’yan uwa masu neman tagomashi daga jami’ai na iya sanya wa jami’an tarnaki tuwo a kwarya domin wadannan ’yan uwa suna ganin jami’an gwamnati suna rike da hanyoyin tsira da kuma ribarsu.

### Kafin samun yancin kai da jamhuriya ta farko
Cin hanci da rashawa, ko da yake ya zama ruwan dare,an kiyaye shi a matakan da za a iya sarrafawa a lokacin Jamhuriyya ta farko. Sai dai a wasu lokuta ana tafka kura-kurai da cin hanci da rashawa a lokacin.

* Azikiwe shi ne babban jigo na siyasa na farko da aka bincika don ayyukan da ba su da tabbas. A cikin 1944, wani kamfani na Azikiwe da iyali ya sayi banki a Legas. An sayo bankin ne don karfafa ikon cikin gida na masana'antar hada-hadar kudi.Ko da yake,wani rahoto kan hada-hadar da bankin ya gudanar ya nuna cewa Azikiwe ya ajiye mukaminsa na shugaban bankin,shugaban na yanzu wakilin sa ne.Rahoton ya rubuta cewa akasarin kudaden da aka biya na Babban Bankin Nahiyar Afrika sun fito ne daga Hukumar hada-hadar kudi ta yankin Gabas.
* A yammacin Najeriya an binciki dan siyasa Adegoke Adelabu sakamakon zargin cin hanci da rashawa da 'yan adawa suka yi masa. 
* A yankin Arewa, bisa zargin cin hanci da rashawa da ake yi wa wasu jami’an ‘yan asalin jihar Borno .Gwamnatin Arewa ta sanya dokar hana fita ta kwastam domin dakile duk wani saba doka. Daga baya, gwamnatin Burtaniya ce aka zarge ta da aikata almundahana a sakamakon zabe wanda ya dora shugabancin siyasar Fulani a Kano, daga baya an gano wasu rahotannin da ke alakanta hukumomin Burtaniya da kura-kurai a zaben.

### Gwamnatin Gowon (Agusta 1966 - Yuli 1975)
Cin hanci da rashawa mafi akasarin gwamnatin Yakubu Gowon an nisantar da jama’a har zuwa 1975.Sai dai jami'an da aka sanar sun bayyana damuwarsu.Masu sukar sun ce Gwamnonin Gowon sun yi kamar iyayengiji ne da ke kula da rayuwar su.Ana kallonsa a matsayin mai kunya, kuma ya fuskanci gurbatattun abubuwa a gwamnatinsa. 

A shekarar 1975,cin hanci da rashawa wata badakala ce da ta shafi shigo da siminti ta mamaye yawancin jami’an ma’aikatar tsaro da babban bankin Najeriya￼￼.Daga baya an tuhumi jami’an da yin karya a cikin bayanan jiragen ruwa da kuma kara yawan siminti da za a saya. 

A lokacin gwamnatin Gowon,an zargi wasu mutane biyu daga tsakiyar kasar da cin hanci da rashawa.Gwamnatin Najeriya ce ke rike da jaridun,don haka jaridun Daily Times da New Nigerian sun yi ta yada kalaman gwamnatin Gomwalk,da kwamishinan gwamnatin tarayya Joseph Tarka da masu suka biyu suka yi.Halin da zai iya nuna dalilin da ya sa aka yi watsi da ayyukan cin hanci da rashawa.

### Gwamnatin Murtala (1975 - Fabrairu 1976)
A shekarar 1975 gwamnatin Murtala Mohammed ta yi sauye-sauye na kawo sauyi.Bayan juyin mulkin da sojoji suka yi a kan karagar mulki, sabuwar gwamnatin ta kori dimbin jami’an gwamnati da ma’aikatan gwamnati da dama, wadanda akasarinsu aka sha suka kan yadda suka yi amfani da karfin ikon da suka yi amfani da su a karkashin sojojin Gowon wadanda ba su da ilimi.

### Gwamnatin Obasanjo (Fabrairu 1976 - Satumba 1979)
Gwamnatin farko ta Olusegun Obasanjo ci gaba ce ta gwamnatin Murtala Mohammed kuma ta mayar da hankali wajen kammala shirin mika mulki ga dimokuradiyya, tare da aiwatar da tsare-tsaren ci gaban kasa. Manyan ayyuka da suka hada da gina sabbin matatun mai,bututun mai, fadada jigilar kayayyaki da jiragen sama na kasa da kuma daukar nauyin FESTAC an yi su ne a lokacin wannan gwamnati.Yawancin wadannan ayyuka na kasa sune hanyoyin rarraba abubuwan jin dadi da wadatar 'yan siyasa masu alaƙa. Shahararren mawakin nan na Afrobeat,Fela Kuti, ya rera wakoki daban-daban kan manyan badakala da suka shafi kamfanin sadarwa na kasa da kasa ITT karkashin jagorancin Cif MKO Abiola a Najeriya,wanda aka alakanta shi da shugaban kasa na lokacin,Janar Olusegun Obasanjo. Baya ga wannan,shirin na Operation Feed the Nation Program,da kuma kwace filaye a karkashin dokar amfani da filaye da shugaban kasa a wancan lokaci ya aiwatar,an yi amfani da shi ne domin ba wa ‘yan baranda kyauta,kuma ana kyautata zaton shahararren Otta Farm Nigeria (OFN) ne.aikin da aka samu daga wannan badakala. 

### Gwamnatin Shagari (Oktoba 1979 - Disamba 1983)
Ana ganin cin hanci da rashawa ya zama ruwan dare a zamanin gwamnatin Shehu Shagari .  Wasu yan gine-ginen gwamnatin tarayya sun kama wuta bayan da masu bincike suka fara binciken kudin jami'an da ke aiki a gine-ginen.  A karshen shekarar 1985,binciken da aka yi kan rusasshiyar bankin Johnson Mathey na Landan ya yi karin haske kan wasu cin zarafi da aka yi a lokacin jamhuriya ta biyu.Bankin ya yi aiki ne a matsayin hanyar canja wurin kudi mai wuya ga wasu mambobin jam’iyyar a Najeriya.Wasu ‘yan manyan jami’ai da ‘yan siyasa sun tara makudan kudade.Sun nemi fitar da kudaden ne daga kasar tare da taimakon masu shigo da kayayyaki daga Asiya ta hanyar ba da lasisin shigo da kaya. 

A shekarar 1981,karancin shinkafa ya haifar da zargin almundahana da gwamnatin NPN.Karanci da zarge-zargen da suka biyo baya sun haifar da karewa.Bayan zabenta,gwamnatin Najeriya ta yanke shawarar kare manoman shinkafa na gida daga kayayyakin da ake shigowa da su daga kasashen waje.An kirkiro tsarin ba da lasisi don iyakance shigo da shinkafa.Sai dai kuma an yi zargin nuna son kai da kuma jita-jita da gwamnati ke marawa baya ga jami'ai da dama. 

### Gwamnatin Buhari (Disamba 1983 - Agusta 1985)
A shekarar 1985, an samu wasu gungun ‘yan siyasa da laifin cin hanci da rashawa a karkashin gwamnatin Janar Muhammadu Buhari,amma ita kanta gwamnatin ta shiga cikin wasu ‘yan lokuta na rashin adalci.Wasu sun bayar da misali da badakalar akwatunan wanda kuma a daidai lokacin da shugaban hukumar kwastam, Atiku Abubakar,ya zama mataimakin shugaban kasa a shekarar 1999,kuma aka tuhume shi da aikata laifuka daban-daban. “Batun akwatuna 53 sun taso ne a shekarar 1984 a lokacin da gwamnatin Buhari ta bayar da umarnin a binciki duk wata shari’a da ta isa kasar nan ba tare da la’akari da matsayin wanda ke da hannu a irin wannan ba. Sai dai an bi da akwatunan guda 53 ta filin jirgin Murtala Muhammed ba tare da tantance jami’an kwastam da sojoji suka yi ba bisa umarnin Manjo Mustapha Jokolo,mai taimaka wa Gen.Buhari. Atiku a lokacin shi ne Kwanturolan Hukumar Kwastam mai kula da filin jirgin Murtala Muhammed.”

### Gwamnatin Babangida (Agusta 1985 - Agusta 1993)
Ana kallon gwamnatin Janar Ibrahim Babangida ko IBB a matsayin hukumar da ta halasta cin hanci da rashawa.Gwamnatinsa ta ki bayar da wani bayyani game da guguwar yakin Gulf,wanda aka kiyasta ya kai dala biliyan 12.4.Ya yi magudin zabe daya tilo da ya yi nasara a tarihin Najeriya a ranar 12 ga Yuni,1993.Yana zaune a wani katafaren gida mai kayatarwa a jiharsa ta Nijar. 

Zaman Janar Ibrahim Babangida,cin hanci da rashawa ya zama siyasar jihar. Ya kan raba motoci da kyaututtukan kudi ga mutane don samun aminci,kuma tarbiyyar rundunar soji ta lalace.Kalmar"IBB Boys" ta fito, ma'ana gaba ga shugaban kasa a fagen kasuwanci, wanda zai yi mu'amala da kazanta daga mu'amalar miyagun kwayoyi da safarar kudade.

## Duba kuma
 

* Brown ambulan aikin jarida, Najeriya
* Innoson Group vs GTBank shari'ar zamba
* Jerin sunayen gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya da aka tsige

**Gabaɗaya:**

* Laifuka a Najeriya
* Cin hanci da rashawa ta kasa
* Kwalejin yaki da cin hanci da rashawa ta kasa da kasa
* Kungiyar Kasashe Masu Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa
* Ranar yaki da cin hanci da rashawa ta duniya
* ISO 37001 Tsarin Gudanar da Cin Hanci
* Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa
* OECD Yarjejeniyar Yaƙin Cin Hanci da Rashawa
* Transparency International

## Nassoshi