Fitar da Dwarf

Dwarf-tossing, wanda kuma ake kira midget-tossing, sha'awar mashaya/ mashaya ce ko ayyukan da mutane masu dwarfism, sanye da tufafi na musamman ko kayan ado na Velcro, ana jefa su a kan katifu ko a bango mai rufi na Velcro. Mahalarta suna gasa don jefa mutumin da ke da dwarfism mafi nisa. An fara jefa dwarf a Ostiraliya a matsayin nau'i na nishaɗin mashaya a farkon 1980s.[ana binciken hujja] [citation need] Wani abu mai alaka, wanda a da ake yi shi ne dwarf-bowling, wanda a cikinsa ake sanya mai dwarf a kan skateboard a yi amfani da shi azaman wasan ƙwallon ƙafa [1].

Tun lokacin da aka fara shi a cikin shekarun 1980, aikin, saboda sunansa mai matsala da yanayi, ya kasance mai kawo rigima sosai; ya kasance mai rikitarwa a farkon rkarni na 21.

## Hadarin kiwon lafiya
Mutanen da ke fama da dysplasia na kwarangwal, kamar dwarfism, galibi suna da takamaiman yanayin kiwon lafiya da rauni wanda ke kara haɗarin rikitarwa. Fitar da mutane da ke fama da matsalar girma na iya haifar da mummunar sakamako, musamman a lokuta da suka shafi kyphosis da scoliosis.

Kyphosis wani yanayi ne inda kashin baya ya karkata gaba, wanda ke haifar da karkatawar baya. Scoliosis wani nau'i ne na gefe na kashin baya. Dukkanin yanayin na iya haifar da ciwo, iyakancewar motsi, da matsalolin numfashi. Dwarf jefawa na iya kara haɗarin rauni kuma ya kara tsananta waɗannan yanayi, yayin da yake amfani da karfi ga kashin baya da sauran sassan jiki masu rauni.

Tushen kiwon lafiya da kungiyoyi daban-daban sun yi gargadi game da haɗarin jefa dwarf ga mutane da ke fama da cututtukan girma. Akwai sanannun lokuta inda mutane da ke fama da rikice-rikice na girma suka sami mummunan rauni har ma sun mutu sakamakon karamin jefawa.

## Rikici
Saboda yanayin sa da sunansa, karamin jefawa ya kasance mai kawo rigima. Wannan zargi ya shafi damuwa game da mutuncin ɗan adam da cin zarafin ƙananan mutane, yana tayar da tambayoyi game da dacewa da aikin. A cikin shekarun 1980s, adawa da aikin jefa dwarf ya fara farawa. Masu ba da shawara don hana wannan aikin sun yi jayayya cewa yana da manufa ga mutanen da ke da hannu, yana rage su zuwa abubuwa kawai da ake amfani da su don nishaɗi.

Masu sukar karamin jefawa suna da'awar cewa aikin yana lalata mahalarta, yana bi da su kamar abubuwa ne ko kayan wasa. Wannan rashin mutunci ana ganin shi a matsayin mai cutarwa saboda yana lalata manufar mutuncin ɗan adam, yana ba da shawarar cewa za a iya amfani da mutane ta hanyar da ba ta kula da ikon cin gashin kansu da girmamawa. Wannan hangen nesa yana tallafawa ta hanyar bincike wanda ke nuna muhimmiyar rawar da mutuncin ɗan adam ke takawa a cikin ɗabi'a da tsarin shari'a.

Rashin amincewa da halin kirki game da jefawar dwarf ya samo asali ne daga ra'ayin cewa rage mutane zuwa jefa abubuwa don nishaɗi yana ƙaryata mutuntakarsu da girmamawa. An bincika wannan ra'ayi a cikin mahallin daban-daban, inda ƙaddamar da nishaɗi ke haifar da damuwa game da ɗabi'a. Ana iya kallon aikin a matsayin wani nau'i na cin zarafi, ba tare da la'akari da ji, mutunci, da girmamawa ga mahalarta ba.

## Shari'a

### Ostiraliya
Ana tunanin Ostiraliya a matsayin wurin da dwarf-tossing ya samo asali ne a matsayin nau'in nishaɗin mashaya a farkon shekarun 1980.  Dokoki na iya hana dwarf-tossing a bayyane, amma babu dokoki a bayyane da ke hana dwarf mai yarda daga "tossed".

### Kanada
A Ontario, Kanada, an gabatar da Dokar Ban Dwarf Tossing a cikin 2003 ta Windsor West MPP Sandra Pupatello a Majalisar dokoki ta Ontario .  Wannan lissafin jama'a na memba mai zaman kansa bai ci gaba ba bayan gabatarwarsa zuwa karatun na biyu ko na uku, kuma bai sami amincewar sarauta ba, sabili da haka ya mutu a ƙarshen Majalisar Dokoki ta 37. Kudin ya ba da shawarar tarar da ba ta wuce $ 5,000 ba da / ko ɗaurin kurkuku na ba fiye da watanni shida ba. An gabatar da lissafin cikin sauri don mayar da martani ga gasar dwarf-tossing  wanda aka gudanar a Leopard's Lounge a Windsor, Ontario tare da dwarf da ake kira "Tripod". 

### Faransa
Magajin garin Morsang-sur-Orge na Faransa ya haramta jefa dwarf. Shari'ar ta shiga cikin jerin daukaka kara na kotunan gudanarwa zuwa ga Conseil d'État, wanda ya gano cewa hukuma ta gudanarwa na iya hana fitar da dwarf bisa doka a kan dalilan cewa aikin bai mutunta mutunci ɗan adam ba kuma saboda haka ya babba wa tsarin jama'a. Ya tayar da tambayoyin shari'a game da abin da ya dace a matsayin dalilin da ya sa hukuma ta gudanarwa ta hana wani aiki saboda dalilai na zaman lafiya na jama'a, musamman kamar yadda kwamitin ba ya so ya hada da "halayyar jama'a" a cikin zaman lafiya na Jama'a. Cikakken taron ne ya yanke hukuncin kuma ba ƙaramin kwamiti ba - tabbacin wahalar tambayar. Kwamitin ya yi mulki iri ɗaya a wani lamari tsakanin kamfanin nishaɗi da birnin Aix-en-Provence . 

Kwamitin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya yanke shawarar a ranar 26 ga Yulin 2002 cewa haramcin ba nuna bambanci ba ne game da dwarfs. Ya yanke hukuncin cewa za a iya la'akari da haramcin a matsayin "mahimmanci don kare tsarin jama'a, wanda ke kawo la'akari game da mutuncin ɗan adam".

Duk da haka, ba a haramta fitar da karami ba kai tsaye a Faransa. Majalisar Dattijai ta yanke shawarar cewa hukuma ta jama'a za ta iya amfani da babban keta doka a kan mutuncin ɗan adam a matsayin dalilin tsarin jama'a don soke wasan kwaikwayo, kuma wannan karamin jefawa ya zama irin wannan babban keta doka. Koyaya, ya rage ga kowane hukuma don yin takamaiman yanke shawara game da haramtacciyar doka.

### Amurka
Robert da Angela Van Etten, mambobin Florida na Little People of America, sun shawo kan Majalisar Dokokin Florida a shekarar 1989 don yin amfani da dwarf ba bisa ka'ida ba. An ba da wani mataki na hana dwarf-tossing ta hanyar gefe mai yawa. Majalisar Dokokin Jihar New York daga baya ta bi hakan.

A shekara ta 2001, Dave Flood, wanda ya bayyana a MJ Morning Show a matsayin "Dave the Dwarf", ya shigar da kara don neman soke dokar 1989 da ta ba jihar damar yin tarar ko soke lasisin giya na mashaya wanda ke ba da damar jefa dwarf. Wasanni ya shahara a wasu mashaya na Florida a ƙarshen shekarun 1980. 

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2011, Ritch Workman, memba na Jamhuriyar Republican na Majalisar Wakilai ta Florida, ya gabatar da dokar da za ta soke haramcin da aka yi a kan karamin jefawa, yana mai da'awar irin wannan haramcin ya zama "nauyi mara mahimmanci ga 'yanci da' yanci na mutane" da kuma "misali na gwamnatin Big Brother". Kodayake ba mai ba da shawara ba ne game da aikin, Workman ya bayyana cewa "idan ƙaramin mutum yana so ya zama wawa daga kansu don kuɗi, ya kamata su sami damar yin hakan kamar kowane matsakaicin mutum".

## Asalin
Asalin karamin jefawa ya fito ne daga sha'awar ɗan adam ta tarihi tare da jefa rayayyun halittu, ko da zakara, foxes, ko mutane, a matsayin nau'in nishaɗi. Fitar da zakara da jefa fox, wanda aka fi sani da wasan jini, yana nuna halin ɗan adam na amfani da rayayyun halittu a matsayin abubuwa a cikin nau'ikan nishaɗi masu ban mamaki. Kodayake da farko an yi la'akari da wasanni na gargajiya, an soki waɗannan al'adun kuma an hana su saboda damuwa game da ɗabi'a da jin daɗin dabbobin da ke ciki. Wannan juyin halitta yana jaddada dangantakar da ke tsakanin nishaɗin ɗan adam, ɗabi'a, da kuma kula da rayayyun halittu a matsayin abubuwa don nishaɗi, tare da al'ummomin zamani suna ƙara sanin bukatar girmama mutunci da jin daɗin mutane da dabbobi. 

## A cikin al'adun gargajiya
Wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin na Amurka L. A. Law (lokaci na 4, fasalin 4, 11/23/89 "The Mouse That Soared") ya nuna karar don dakatar da jefa dwarf a wani mashaya na gida.

Wani yanayi a cikin fim din 2002 The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers ya nuna karamin Gimli da rashin son rai yana neman halin Aragorn ya " jefa" shi a fadin wani rata mai haɗari wanda ba zai iya tsalle ba. Gimli ya tambayi Aragorn kada ya gaya wa "elf", abokinsu Legolas, kuma Aragorn ya yi alkawari. Wani abu mai ban sha'awa, Brett Beattie, shine mutumin da aka jefa a wurin. A cikin fim din da ya gabata na 2001, The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, Gimli ya ki irin wannan taimako, yana mai cewa, "Babu wanda ya jefa dwarf!", sannan kusan ya fadi har ya mutu.

A cikin fim ɗin The Wolf na Wall Street na 2013, ana iya ganin ɗakin da ke cike da ƴan kasuwa masu tayar da hankali suna jifan dwarfs biyu sanye da kwalkwali a wani babban allo, tare da babban jigon, Jordan Belfort, yana ba da tukuicin $25,000 ga na farko "mai shayarwa don ƙusa bullseye" [1] Kafin fitowar fim din, an yi zanga-zanga ga mai rarraba Paramount don kawar da wurin. Ƙungiyar da ba ta riba ba Little People of America ta fitar da wata sanarwa da ke nuna cewa sun kasance "fushi, rashin jin daɗi da damuwa" cewa fim din "ya hada da dwarf tossing scenes. [...] Ko da kuwa manufar The Wolf na Wall Street, duk wani hoto na dwarf tossing yana ɗauke da hadarin yarda da abin da ya faru da kuma cin zarafi ga mutanen da ke da dwarfism, kamar yadda Wolf na Wall Street ya ci gaba da yin wasa a cikin Wall Streets. Martin Scorsese, da Leonardo DiCaprio sun haɗu da mu wajen yin Allah wadai da jefa dwarf da halayen barazana da yake haɓakawa."[2] A cikin littafin The Wolf of Wall Street cewa fim ɗin ya dogara ne akan, jefar da ƙananan mutane ana magana ne kawai a matsayin yiwuwar kuma Belfort ya ce (ta hanyar wakili) cewa kawai ya ji daga mutane da yawa cewa an jefa su wani lokaci bayan ya bar kamfanin.

## Dubi kuma

* Kwararren mai kokawa

## Manazarta

## Ƙarin karantawa
 

## Haɗin waje

* 
* An adana shi a Ghostarchive da https://web.archive.org/web/20111126161005/http://www.&#x3C;cite&#x20;about=*[[YouTube]]*. /watch?v=NZ2KvpnMkIc" id="mwAjw" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Wayback Machine: "Midget tossing - Lancer du nain". YouTube. 26 ga Oktoba 2007. Bidiyo a YouTube na jefa midget a matsayin wani ɓangare na nuna Marto Napoli a Balteck, Thetford Mines, Quebec, Kanada.