Abdullahi Ahmad Badawi

Abdullah bin Ahmad Badawi (Jawi: عبد الله بن احمد بدوي, msmsms; 26 Nuwamba 1939 - 14 Afrilu 2025), wanda kuma aka sani da Pak Lah, [bayanin kula 1] ɗan siyasan Malaysia ne kuma ma'aikacin gwamnati wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na biyar na Malaysia daga 200093 zuwa 2009. 2004 zuwa 2009, sannan kuma ya jagoranci jam'iyyar Barisan Nasional coalition mai mulki a lokacin da ya zama firayim minista. An bai wa Abdullah kyautar "Uban Ci gaban Jari na Dan Adam" ("Bapa Pembangunan Modal Insan") na Malaysia. 

An haife shi a Bayan Lepas, Penang, Abdullah ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Malaya (UM). Ya fara aikinsa a matsayin Ma'aikacin gwamnati, ya yi aiki kusan shekaru 14 a cikin Gwamnatin Malaysia a matsayin Jami'in Gudanarwa da diflomasiyya (PTD) daga 1964 har zuwa 1978.  Bayan ya yi murabus daga kasancewa PTD, ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na majalisar (MP) na kepala Batas na wa'adi takwas a jere daga 1978 zuwa 2013. Ya kuma yi aiki a ma'aikatu daban-daban kamar Ma'aikatar Yankin Tarayya, Minista a Ma'aikalin Firayim Minista, Ministan Ilimi, Ministan Tsaro, Ministan Harkokin Waje, kafin Mahathir Mohamad ya kara shi zuwa Mataimakin Firayim Minista. Bayan Mahathir ya yi murabus a shekara ta 2003, Abdullah ya ɗauki mulki kuma ya zaɓi Najib Razak a matsayin mataimakinsa. 

A karkashin gwamnatinsa, ya fuskanci zargi saboda raguwar 'yancin' yan jarida, tare da matsayi na Malaysia ya sauka daga 104 zuwa 132 a cikin Reporters Without Borders press freedom index tsakanin 2003 da 2008. Gudanar da gwamnati a kan kafofin watsa labarai da kuma amfani da dokoki kamar Dokar Tsaro ta Cikin Gida (ISA) don tsare 'yan jarida da masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo sun nuna iyakokin' yancin kafofin watsa labarai a lokacin mulkinsa.[1] Koyaya, ya faɗaɗa sararin dimokuradiyya ta hanyar inganta tattaunawa da ƙarfafa ra'ayoyi daban-daban, wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga yanayin siyasa mai ƙarfi. A shekara ta 2008, Abdullah ya ba da sanarwar kafa Hukumar Nuni na shari'a don tabbatar da tsarin da ya fi dacewa da wakilci don zabar, nadawa, da inganta alƙalai, yana amincewa da bukatar dawo da amincewar jama'a a cikin shari'a.[2]

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Abdullah a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba 1939 Bayan Lepas, Penang, Abdullah served as the Member of Parliament for Kepala Batas from 1978 to 2008. He was appointed prime minister on October 31, 2003, following the resignation of Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad, and served until April 3, 2009. He died at the National Heart Institute in Kuala Lumpur at 7:10pm yesterday. He was 85.quot;}},quot;i&a Kampung Perlis, Bayan Lepas, Penang, a cikin wani fitaccen iyali na addini.[undefined] Kakan mahaifinsa, Syeikh Abdullah Badawi Fahim, ya fito ne daga zuriyar Hadrami kuma masanin addini ne mai daraja kuma mai kishin kasa. Ya kasance daga cikin wadanda suka kafa Hizbul Muslimin, wanda daga baya ya zama Jam'iyyar Musulunci ta Pan-Malaysian (PAS), kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Mufti na farko na Penang bayan samun 'yancin Malaysia.[1][2]

Mahaifinsa, Ahmad Badawi, malamin addini ne kuma memba ne mai aiki na UMNO. Mahaifiyarsa, Kailan Hassan, ta mutu a Kuala Lumpur a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu 2004 tana da shekaru 80. [undefined] Kakan mahaifiyar Abdullah, Ha Su-chiang (Sinanci mai sauƙi; Sinanci na gargajiya; : ), wanda aka fi sani da Hassan Salleh, Musulmi ne na Utsul daga Sanya, Hainan .[undefined][undefined][undefined][1][2]

Abdullah ya sami ilimin farko a makarantar firamare ta Permatang Bertam, kepala Batas daga 1947. Daga nan, ya ci gaba da karatun sakandare a Makarantar Sakandare ta Bukit Mertajam sannan daga baya ya halarci makarantar Methodist Boys, Penang don tsari na shida. A shekara ta 1964, ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Malaya tare da digiri na farko a cikin Nazarin Musulunci.

## Ayyukan gwamnati (1964-1978)
Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Malaya, ya shiga Rundunar Gudanarwa da diflomasiyya ta Malaysia (PTD) a shekarar 1964. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Ma'aikatar Matasa a Ma'aikatu ta Matasa da Wasanni da kuma memba na Majalisar Ayyuka ta Kasa (MAGERAN). Ya yi murabus a shekara ta 1978 don ya zama memba na majalisa don mazabarsa ta Kapa Batas a arewacin Seberang Perai (wanda kuma mahaifinsa ya wakilta). 

## Farkon aikin siyasa (1978-2003)
 
Bayan an zabi Abdullah a matsayin memba na majalisa (MP) na kepala Batas a Babban zaben 1978, ya yi aiki a matsayin sakataren majalisa ga ministan yankunan tarayya daga 1978 har zuwa 1980 kuma mataimakin ministan yankuna na tarayya daga 1980 har zuwa 1981. An kawo shi a matsayin Minista ba tare da fayil ba a cikin 1981, [1] shi ne ke da alhakin aiwatar da manufofin Look East. [2]

Lokacin da wata takaddama ta tashi a cikin United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) ta raba shi zuwa sansani biyu, wanda aka fi sani da 'Team A' da 'Teem B', wanda ya hada da masu goyon bayan Mahathir da magoya bayan tsohon ministan kudi Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah da tsohon mataimakin Firayim Minista Musa Hitam, an cire Abdullah daga matsayinsa na ministan tsaro. Koyaya, bai shiga jam'iyyar da ta ɓace Semangat 46 (Spirit 46) da Tengku Razaleigh ya kafa ba. Maimakon haka, Mahathir ya kawo Abdullah cikin kwamitin pro tem na sake kafa UMNO (Baru) ko New UMNO a matsayin mataimakin shugabanta a lokacin da aka kafa jam'iyyar a watan Fabrairun 1988. A lokacin sake fasalin majalisa a shekarar 1991, Mahathir ya dawo da shi cikin gwamnati a matsayin Ministan harkokin waje. Duk da rasa mataimakin shugaban kasa a Zaben UMNO na 1993, ya kasance a cikin gwamnati. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] [ana buƙatar hujja] [ana buƙatar hujja] [ana buƙatar hujja]

A watan Janairun 1999, an nada Abdullah a matsayin mukaddashin mataimakin shugaban kasa a UMNO da mataimakin Firayim Minista, inda ya maye gurbin Anwar Ibrahim a duka matsayi biyu bayan an cire shi daga gwamnati, an kore shi daga UMNO, kuma an kama shi, wanda ya haifar da ƙungiyar Reformasi. Mahathir ya zaba shi a matsayin dan takarar mataimakin shugaban kasa a zaben shugabancin kungiyar United Malays National Organisation na 2000, an dauki Abdullah a matsayin dan siyasa mai sauƙi wanda ba shi da isasshen tasirin siyasa ko goyon baya don kalubalantar martabar Mahathir a cikin jam'iyyar. An danganta wannan ne saboda kin shiga cikin siyasar kudi, wanda ya hana shi gina tushe. An gudanar da zaben ne a karkashin ka'idojin da suka hana kowa yin takarar mukamin shugaban kasa da mataimakin shugaban kasa.[1]

## Firayim Minista (2003-2009)

### Harkokin cikin gida
Da yake zama Firayim Minista bayan murabus din Mahathir a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2003, Abdullah ya shiga ofishin yana goyon bayan tsarin sake fasalin jama'a. Wasu daga cikin ayyukansa na farko a cikin gwamnati sun kasance su ajiye manyan ayyukan da aka fara a karkashin Mahathir waɗanda aka ɗauka a matsayin masu lalacewa kuma suna da alaƙa da cin hanci da rashawa na siyasa, kafa kwamiti na sarauta don bincika zarge-zargen cin hanci na 'yan sanda da kuma gabatar da sake fasalin, da kuma gabatarwar ka'idojin ɗabi'a da ke buƙatar ministoci da wakilan da aka zaba su bayyana dukiyarsu. An kuma kaddamar da bincike mai yawa game da cin hanci da rashawa a kan jami'an gwamnati da 'yan kasuwa wanda ya haifar da kamawa. Ya kuma karya da aikin da ya gabata kuma ya nada masu sana'a don jagorantar kamfanonin da ke da alaƙa da gwamnati maimakon 'yan siyasa, yana kira ga kawo ƙarshen al'adun "kwalin shinkafa na ƙarfe" da kuma zuwa ga al'adun da ke ba da lada.

Shahararren Abdullah, da kuma salon gwamnati mara rikici wanda aka kwatanta da mulkin kama karya na wanda ya riga shi, ya ba shi nasara mai ƙarfi a Babban zaben Malaysia na 2004, inda hadin gwiwar Barisan Nasional ya sami kujeru 198 daga cikin kujeru 219 da ke akwai.  Koyaya, masu lura sun lura cewa sake tsarawa a shekarar da ta gabata a ƙarƙashin Mahathir ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin sikelin nasara.

Halin sake fasalin ya ragu bayan babban zaben 2004, kuma matsayi na Malaysia a cikin Cibiyar Kula da Cin Hanci da rashawa ta wannan shekarar ya fadi wurare biyu daga 37th zuwa 39th. Ci gaba da yaduwar siyasa ta kudi a Zaben UMNO na 2004, tare da yunkurin da bai yi nasara ba na nada surukin Abdullah, Khairy Jamaluddin, don jagorantar kamfani mai alaƙa da gwamnati ya sanya inuwa a kan ajandar sake fasalin tsohon, wanda ya fadi tare da shan kashi na magoya bayansa a zaben shugabancin jam'iyyar ta hanyar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya; jam'iyyar kanta ta yi tsayayya da irin gyare-gyaren da Abdullah ke so ya kafa a matsayin kungiyar da kuma amincin shugabannin ta na tsakiya da suka dogara da tsarin kula da kuma ci gaban gwamnati.

Maimakon haka, Abdullah ya juya zuwa ƙoƙarin sake fasalin al'adun siyasa a cikin ƙasar, yana gabatar da manufar Islama Hadhari, fassarar Islama mai matsakaici zuwa ci gaba wanda ke kira ga haƙuri na addini da zamani. Abu mafi mahimmanci, ya mallaki abin da ya kasance jigogi na Jam'iyyar Musulunci ta Malaysia (PAS) na adawa na adalci na zamantakewa da daidaito na rarrabawa wanda ya taimaka musu samun nasarar zabe a kan UMNO a Babban zaben Malaysia na 1999. 

A fagen tattalin arziki, Malaysia ta sami ci gaban tattalin arziki a duk shekarun da Abdullah ya yi a ofis, amma hauhawar farashi ya kasance batun ci gaba. A karkashin gwamnatinsa, an kawo karshen ma'auni na Malaysian ringgit zuwa US Dollar a shekara ta 2005. Sashin aikin gona, wanda aka yi watsi da shi don tallafawa masana'antu da masana'antu, ya sami babban saka hannun jari daga gwamnatin Abdullah. Lokacin da hauhawar farashi ya haifar da gwamnati ta rage tallafin man fetur a shekara ta 2006, an kaddamar da zanga-zangar tituna a matsayin martani. 'Yan sanda masu tayar da kayar baya sun watsar da su. Ƙarin shirye-shiryen sake fasalin tallafin gwamnati a fuskar hauhawar farashin man fetur a duniya sun fuskanci zargi kamar yadda Malaysia ta kasance a lokacin mai fitar da man fetur da iskar gas. Shirin Malaysia na tara da Abdullah ya ƙaddamar wanda ke rufe kuɗin gwamnati daga 2006 zuwa 2010 ya riƙe yawancin matakan nuna bambanci masu tsada da rarrabuwa da Sabon Manufar Tattalin Arziki ta gabatar.

## Daraja da kyaututtuka

### Darajar Malaysia

* 
**  Grand Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (SMN) – **Tun** (2009)
**  Officer of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (KMN) (1975)
**  Member of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (AMN) (1971)
**  Recipient of the 10th Yang di-Pertuan Agong Installation Medal (1994)
**  Recipient of the 11th Yang di-Pertuan Agong Installation Medal (1999)
**  Recipient of the 12th Yang di-Pertuan Agong Installation Medal (2002)
**  Recipient of the 13th Yang di-Pertuan Agong Installation Medal (2007)
**  Recipient of the 14th Yang di-Pertuan Agong Installation Medal (2012)
* 
**  Grand Knight of the Order of the Territorial Crown (SUMW) – **Datuk Seri Utama** (2010)
* 
**  First Class of the Royal Family Order of Johor (DK I) (2004)
* 
**  Recipient of the Kedah Supreme Order of Merit (DUK) (2006)
* 
**  Recipient of the Royal Family Order of Kelantan (DK) (2006)
* 
**  Knight Grand Commander of the Premier and Exalted Order of Malacca (DUNM) – **Datuk Seri Utama** (2004)
* 
**  Knight Grand Commander of the Order of Loyalty to Negeri Sembilan (SPNS) – **Dato' Seri Utama** (2000)
* 
**  Member 1st class of the Family Order of the Crown of Indra of Pahang (DK I) (2006)
**  Knight Grand Companion of the Order of Sultan Ahmad Shah of Pahang (SSAP) – **Dato' Sri** (1999)
* 
**  Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Defender of State (DUPN) – **Dato' Seri Utama** (2004)
**  Commander of the Order of the Defender of State (DGPN) – **Dato' Seri** (1997)
**  Companion of the Order of the Defender of State (DMPN) – **Dato**' (1981)
**  Member of the Order of the Defender of State (DJN) (1979)
* 
**  Knight Grand Commander of the Perak Family Order of Sultan Azlan Shah (SPSA) – **Dato' Seri DiRaja** (2003)
**  Recipient of the Sultan Azlan Shah Silver Jubilee Medal (2009)
* 
**  Knight Grand Companion of the Order of the Gallant Prince Syed Sirajuddin Jamalullail (SSSJ) – **Dato' Seri Diraja** (2001)
**  Recipient of the Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin Jamalullail Installation Medal (2001)
* 
**  Grand Commander of the Order of Kinabalu (SPDK) – **Datuk Seri Panglima** (1999)
* 
**  Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of Hornbill Sarawak (DP) – **Datuk Patinggi** (2003)
* 
**  Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Crown of Selangor (SPMS) – **Dato' Seri** (2000)
**  Knight Companion of the Order of Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah (DSSA) – **Dato**' (1992)
**  Recipient of the Sultan Sharafuddin Coronation Medal (2003)
* 
**  Supreme Class of the Order of Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu (SUMZ) – **Dato' Seri Utama** (2005)

## Manazarta