Kararrawar bawa

**Kararrawar bawa** ita ce kararrawa da ake kadawa don daidaita ranar a gonakin bayi da kuma a cikin kungiyoyin bayi. An nuna su a cikin gonakin bayi a ko'ina cikin Amurka kuma musamman a cikin tsarin bauta a Cape Colony, Afirka ta Kudu ta yau. Gine-ginen da aka ajiye su, galibin ginshiƙai masu tsayi da hasumiya, sun zama alamomin shukar kuma ana iya amfani da su don sa ido kan ma'aikatan da aka bautar. A wasu lokuta, waɗannan gine-gine sun zama siffa ta alama ta tsarin gine-gine na yankin da kuma gine-ginen bautar shuka. A Afirka ta Kudu, ginshiƙan kararrawa na bawa wani salo ne na musamman na tsarin gine-ginen Cape Dutch .

A cikin 1937 hira da WPA Slave *Narrative* aikin Charley Williams (b. 1843), wanda ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki a kan auduga da taba shuka a Louisiana inda ya kasance bayi daga haihuwa (kimanin 1845) har zuwa 1865 tare da fiye da 100 maza, mata da yara, ya bayyana amfani da karrarawa da ƙahoni don sarrafa *rayuwar bayi* . *donging hanya a kan wasu shuka mil ko biyu, da kuma ƙararrawa a wasu wurare kuma*  *.*

Masu bautar sun yi amfani da karrarawa na bayi wajen shirya tawaye. A cikin 1839 a kan shukar sukari na Montalvo a lardin Matanzas, Cuba an yi amfani da kararrawa na bawa a lokacin addu'a a matsayin sigina don kai hari ga masu kula da 'yantar da kansu da wasu ta hanyar gudu zuwa cikin daji. 

## Kararrawa sun kasance suna azabtarwa da azabtarwa

An kuma yi amfani da kararrawa a matsayin hukunci da kuma hana mutane tserewa. A cikin littafinsa mai suna *A* *Narrative of the Adventures and Escape of Moses Roper, daga Bautar Amurka* Musa Roper ya bayyana yadda ake amfani da "kahon ƙarfe, tare da ƙararrawa, da ke makale a bayan wuyan bawa" ƙafafu da yawa a matsayin "kayan azabtarwa".

## Cape Colony

A cikin Ƙasar Cape Colony, ƙararrawar bawa tana da salon gine-gine na musamman. Yawancin lokaci babban kararrawa ne wanda aka rataye shi daga ginshiƙai farare masu tsayi masu yanci ko a cikin farar baka.   Bayan kawar da bauta a Cape an ci gaba da amfani da su a lokacin mulkin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin wani bangare na tsarin gine-ginen Cape Dutch ba tare da sanin cewa alamu ne na zalunci da wahala ba. 

## Sanannen kararrawa bayi

### La Demajagua bell, Cuba

A Cuba, a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 1868, kararrawa na bawa a masana'antar sukari na La Demajagua, a cikin Manzanillo, mai gidan niƙa Carlos Manuel de Céspedes ya buga waya ya kira mutanen da ya bautar ya gaya musu cewa suna da 'yanci kuma ya gayyace su don shiga yaƙin neman 'yancin kai daga Spain . Ana kallon wannan aikin a matsayin farkon yakin shekaru goma . 

A cikin 1947 dalibin lauya Fidel Castro da sauran masu zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnati suka kawo karar Demajagua zuwa Jami'ar Havana. Lokacin da gwamnati ta cire kararrawa, Castro ya nuna rashin amincewarsa a gidan rediyon kasar, wanda ya bayyana sunansa sosai a Cuba a karon farko. [1] An mayar da kararrawa zuwa Manzanillo a watan Nuwamba 1947 kuma an sake shigar da shi a La Demajagua a 1968.

### The Demerara Bell
An ba da kararrawa, wanda aka fi sani da Demerara Bell, zuwa Kwalejin St. Catharine, Cambridge a cikin 1960 ko 1961  ta wani tsohon dalibi Edward Arthur Goodland, wanda ya yi aiki a Bookers Sugar Estates a Guiana na Burtaniya . An rubuta kararrawa *<nowiki/>'De Catharina 1772*' daga gonar Anna Catharina da ke gabar yammacin Kogin Demerara, an samo shi a cikin kogin Demerara a cikin 1950s. An fara shigar da kararrawa a wajen masaukin dan dako a St. Catharine's kafin a tura ta zuwa wani shingen masauki a 1994 inda yake a wani babban matsayi da ke kallon tsakiyar kwalejin.   A watan Mayu 2019 hukumar gudanarwa da daliban St Catharine's College gaba daya sun amince cewa ya kamata a cire kararrawa kuma a karshe za a ba da gudummawa ga Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam . A watan Agusta na 2019 an ba da rahoton cewa Babban Kwamishinan Guyanese Frederick Hamley Case ya shawo kan kwalejin ta mayar da kararrawa zuwa Guyana . 

### Manaca Iznaga Tower, Cuba

Hasumiyar Iznaga ita ce hasumiya ta kararrawa wacce ke dauke da kararrawa na bawa na shukar sukari na Manaca a Valle de los Ingenios, a Trinidad, Cuba . Misali ne na hasumiya na kararrawa da suka kasance abin da ya zama ruwan dare a kan gonakin sukari a Cuba, wasu fitattun misalan su ne a gonakin Angerona da El Padre da ke cikin Cafetal del Padre a lardin Havana na yanzu. Manyan gonakin Cuban sau da yawa suna da karrarawa da yawa waɗanda aka buga don sarrafa ayyukan bayi waɗanda suka haɗa da daidaita lokacin sallah, lokutan cin abinci da gargaɗin sauran gonaki na tawayen bayi .

An gina hasumiya mai tsawon mita 51 a shekara ta 1848, an gina ta da dutse da bulo kuma tana da matakai bakwai.  Baya ga gina kararrawar bayi an yi amfani da ita a matsayin hasumiya wadda aka sa ido kan mutanen da ake bautar a gonar. 

A cikin 1988, UNESCO ta ayyana Valle de los Ingenios da Trinidad da ke makwabtaka da su a matsayin Gidan Tarihi na Duniya . 

## Manazarta