Anton Birlinger

**Anton Birlinger** (14 ga watan Janairun 1834 a Wurmlingen kusa da Rottenburg da Neckar - 15 ga watan Yunin 1891 a Bonn) Masanin tauhidin Katolika ne kuma ɗan Jamusanci.

## Rayuwa da aiki
Birlinger ta yi karatun tauhidin Katolika da karatun Jamusanci a Jami'ar Tübingen daga 1854 zuwa 1858. Daga nan sai ya tafi Rottenburg Seminary kuma an naɗa shi a can a 1859. A shekara ta 1861 ya tafi Munich, musamman don ci gaba da karatunsa na Jamusanci tare da Alois Josef Vollmer (1803-1876). Nan da nan ya yi wa kansa suna yaren da tarin karin magana da sagas, amma kuma ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen wallafe-wallafen kansa, a ƙarshe a matsayin editan ayyukan gargajiya da ƙamus na yare. Bugu da ƙari, a Munich ya zo har ma da rinjayar ilimin tauhidi mai haske tare da tushen kimiyya kuma tare da niyyar saba wa koyarwar da ke fitowa daga Roma (Ignaz von Döllinger, Johann Nepomuk Huber, Johann Friedrich, Jakob Frohschammer da Joseph Anton Messmer).

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan yaƙin da aka rasa da Prussia, Birlinger ya tafi daga Munich zuwa Jami'ar Breslau, inda aka nada farfesa masu adawa da tauhidin kuma wanda aka dauka a matsayin cibiyar sukar Roman Katolika (mai adawa da ultramontanism), musamman na Johann Anton Theiner (1799-1860) da kuma tsoffin Katolika Joseph Hubert Reinkens da Johann Baptist Baltzer. Jami'o'i da tambayoyin siyasa yanzu an gabatar da su daban-daban: tsakanin buƙatun Katolika na Jamus na dimokuradiyya da 'yancin addini da tauhidin Sailerian na yarima-bishop cike da gadajen furanni masu ban mamaki (Melchior von Diepenbrock), wannan tawaye na farfesa shine game da rashin jure duk wani raguwar' yancin ilimi.

Birlinger ya juya zuwa ga doyen na binciken karin magana akan tushen kimiyya, Karl Simrock, a Jami'ar Bonn. A kan shawararsa ya zama ya ba da izini a Bonn a 1869 - kuma a 1872 ya zama farfesa na musamman na ilimin Jamusanci a can.

Tare da Simrock da Franz Peter Knoodt ya yi kamfen don sake fasalin Cocin Katolika. Ya goyi bayan farfesa na tauhidin Bonn Franz Heinrich Reusch da Joseph Langen, waɗanda suka rabu da ikon su a ƙarƙashin kariya ta gwamnati, kuma a matsayin firist ya shiga cikin ci gaban adawa da Vatican da ƙungiyar "Tsohon Katolika". A shekara ta 1870, a matsayin mai goyon bayan tsohuwar Katolika, an dakatar da shi daga firist na Roman Katolika. A ranar 4 ga Yuni 1873, ya tsaya tare da wasu 'yan takara 29 a matsayin dan takarar bishop a gaban wani zaɓe na mutane 55 da firistoci 22 na Tsohon Cocin Katolika wanda za a kafa shi. An zabi abokin aikinsa na Breslau Joseph Hubert Reinkens, wanda kuma ya zo Bonn, wanda ya kafa sabon bishopric. Bayan ci gaba da ci gaban cocin, duk da haka, Birlinger ya janye daga hidimar firist a Tsohon Cocin Katolika, kodayake ba saboda kawar da Rashin aure ba kamar Reusch da Langen. Komawar Birlinger zuwa Roma a kan gadonsa na mutuwa, kamar yadda August Franzen ya ruwaito, mai yiwuwa ne kawai almara.

Ayyukan Birlinger sun sadaukar da kansu ga harshe da alamomi da kuma kiyayewa, Tarihin al'adu, Tarihin kiwon lafiya (a cikin 1882 ya shirya Alemannia abin da ake kira Alsatian pharmacopoeia (Strasbourg, a kusa da 1400), tarin abubuwan da aka sani da kuma abubuwan da ke ciki daga warƙoƙin kiwon lafiya, kamar Arzneibuch na Ortolf von Baierland), tarihin gida, amma kuma binciken camfi a matsayin mai gabatar da ilimin tauhidin kwarewa.

A Berlin-Spandau, ana tunawa da shi ta hanyar hanyar da ake kira bayan shi, *Birlingerweg* .

## Manazarta