Walter Conrad Arensberg

**Walter Conrad Arensberg** (4 ga Afrilun shekarar 1878 - 29 ga Janairu, 1954) ɗan Amurka ne mai tattara zane-zane, mai suka kuma mawaki. Mahaifinsa wani ɓangare ne na mamallakin wani kamfanin ƙarfe mai kama da crucible . Ya yi karatun digiri a fannin Turanci da falsafa a Jami'ar Harvard. Tare da matarsa **Louise** (an haife ta a matsayin **Mary Louise Stevens** ; 1879–1953), ya tattara zane-zane kuma ya tallafa wa ayyukan fasaha. 

## Rayuwar farko da aiki
An haifi Walter Arensberg a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, ɗan fari ga Conrad Christian Arensberg da matarsa ta biyu, Flora Belle Covert. Mahaifin Walter shi ne Shugaba kuma mai mallakar wani kamfani mai nasara a Pittsburgh Crucible Steel Company. Tsakanin 1896 da 1900, Walter ya halarci Jami'ar Harvard . Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi tafiya zuwa Turai, inda ya shafe akalla shekaru biyu. A shekarar 1903, ya koma Harvard, a matsayin ɗalibi na digiri na biyu. Bai kammala karatunsa ba, sai ya koma birnin New York don yin aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida na kub daga 1904-1906. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

An yi wa babban littafin Arensberg na farko, ''The Cryptography of Dante'' (1921) maraba a matsayin abin kunya na adabi saboda fassararsa mai zurfi ta Freudian ga rubutun.  An buga cikakken shafi a cikin ''Jaridar New York Evening Journal'' mai taken "A Shocking Attack on the unmarried 'Inferno' of Dante."  Bayan wannan littafin, sai aka saka masa ''The Cryptography of Shakespeare'' (1922), wanda ya sami acrostics da anagrams a cikin ayyukan Shakespeare da aka buga waɗanda suka bayyana sunan Francis Bacon. A cikin ''kabarin sirri na Francis Bacon da mahaifiyarsa a gidan babi na Lichfield'' (1923) da ''The Shakespearean mystery'' (1928) ya yi amfani da "key cipher" don nemo ƙarin saƙonnin da suka shafi Rosicrucians. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D; Binciken William Friedman da Elizebeth Friedman  ya nuna cewa babu ɗayan hanyoyin da ke da ingancin rubutun sirri . 

An kuma buga littattafai da dama na baitocinsa da suka yi tasiri ga Symbolist, ciki har da *Waƙoƙin* 1914 da kuma *Idols* na 1916. Edmund Clarence Stedman ya rubuta waƙarsa ta *Voyage a l'Infini* . Waƙoƙinsa mafi ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa sun bayyana a cikin mujallun Dada tsakanin 1917 da 1919: *Rogue*, *The Blind Man*, *391*, *TNT* .

## Mai tattara zane-zane
Tsakanin 1913 da 1950, ma'auratan sun tattara ayyukan masu fasaha na zamani kamar Jean Metzinger,  Marcel Duchamp,  Charles Sheeler, Walter Pach, da Beatrice Wood,  da kuma zane-zane na Pre-Columbian ; dillalin Earl L. Stendahl ne ya taimaka musu. Arensbergs sun yi kusanci da Duchamp musamman, wanda ke zaune a gidansu a lokacin bazara na 1915 yayin da suke hutu a gidansu na bazara a Pomfret, Connecticut . Za su zama masu kula da mai zane na tsawon rai kuma su zama mafi girman tarin ayyukansa.  Lokacin da aka ƙi ra'ayin Duchamp na aika aikinsa na 1917 *Fountain*, wani bandaki na yau da kullun da aka sanya wa hannu tare da sunan barkwanci "R. Mutt," zuwa nunin farko na Society of Independent Artists, shi da Arensberg sun ji dole su yi murabus daga ƙungiyar.  An wakilci da'irar abokai da masu fasaha da ke ziyartar Salon Arensberg da ke Manhattan a wani aikin sake ginawa na gani *na Chez Arensbergs* ta hannun mai zane-zanen Faransa André Raffray (1925-2010), wanda dillalin fasaha na New York kuma ƙwararre kan dada Francis M. Naumann ya kafa bisa ga kwamiti, wanda shi ma ya shiga cikin aikin ƙirƙira. 

## Shekarun California
A shekarar 1921, saboda dalilai na lafiya da kuɗi da kuma bayan da Louise ta dage, ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Hollywood, California . Duk da cewa da farko an yi niyyar ƙaura ta wucin gadi ne, Arensbergs sun zauna a California har tsawon rayuwarsu, suka koma New York na tsawon shekara ɗaya kacal tsakanin 1925 da 1926. Sun fara zama a Residence A, gidan baƙi wanda Frank Lloyd Wright ya tsara a Olive Hill, mallakar Aline Barnsdall . Na ɗan lokaci. A watan Satumba na 1927, Arensbergs sun sayi gidansu na dindindin a kan 7065 Hillside Avenue, misali na gine-ginen Revival na Bahar Rum da aka gina a 1920 don Lee B. Memefee kuma mai zane William Lee Woollett ya tsara; daga baya suka ba mai zane Richard Neutra izinin gina ƙari ga gidan Constantin Brâncuși na *L'Oiseau dans l'espace* (1924). A shekarar 1946, Max Ernst da Dorothea Tanning sun yi aure a gidansu a wani aure mai kama da juna biyu da Juliet Browner da Man Ray .  Walter ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na Los Angeles Art Association (1937), Los Angeles County Museum of Art (1938–1939), da Southwest Museum (1944–1954). Bugu da ƙari, ya kasance memba na kwamitin kafa American Arts in Action (1943) da Modern Institute of Art, Beverly Hills (1947–1949), ƙungiyoyi da suka sadaukar da kansu don nuna fasahar zamani a California. 

## Gidauniyar Francis Bacon
Saboda sha'awar marubuci Francis Bacon, musamman fannoni na alchemy, cryptography, Rosicrucianism, da kuma, ba makawa, muhawarar Shakespeare-Bacon, Arensbergs sun yi bincike kan aikinsa. A shekarar 1937 sun kafa Gidauniyar Francis Bacon a Los Angeles da nufin haɓaka "bincike a tarihi, falsafa, kimiyya, adabi, da fasaha, tare da yin nuni na musamman ga rayuwa da ayyukan Francis Bacon" kuma a shekarar 1954 sun ba ta kuɗi da tarin Baconiana. An ajiye ɗakin karatu na Gidauniyar a cikin ƙaramin ginin tubalin ta a Kwalejin Claremont tun daga shekarar 1960. A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, tarin ya karu daga ainihin kundin 3,500 zuwa sama da kundin 16,000. Tare da rashin lafiyar mai kula da ɗakin karatu da mai kula da tarin na dogon lokaci, Elizabeth Wrigley, Gidauniyar ta yanke shawarar mayar da shi zuwa Laburaren Huntington da ke San Marino. Yanzu ana kiran tarin da Gidauniyar Francis Bacon Arensberg Collection. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Gado
A shekarun 1940, Arensbergs sun fara neman wurin zama na dindindin don tarin kayansu. A shekarar 1941, wata ƙungiya da ke kewaye da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo Vincent Price, Edward G. Robinson, Fanny Brice, da Sam Jaffe ta yi ƙoƙarin sa tarin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a Yammacin Tekun, don Cibiyar Fasaha ta Zamani a Beverly Hills.  A shekarar 1944, Arensbergs sun sanya hannu kan takardar kyauta da Jami'ar California, Los Angeles, wacce ta haɗa da ƙa'idar cewa Jami'ar ta gina gidan tarihi mai dacewa don ɗaukar tarin a cikin takamaiman lokacin; abokinsu kuma abokin tara kayansu Galka Scheyer daga baya ya sanya hannu kan irin wannan yarjejeniya. A lokacin kaka na 1947, a bayyane yake cewa ba za a cika wannan sharaɗi ba kuma an soke kwangilar. A shekarar 1939, hukumar Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha ta Gundumar Los Angeles ta ƙi bayar da kyautar ayyukan avant-garde daga tarin. 

Daga nan sai Arensbergs suka fara tattaunawa da wasu cibiyoyi da dama, ciki har da Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago, Gidan Tarihi na Denver, Jami'ar Harvard, Kwalejin Fasaha ta Honolulu, Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes (Mexico, DF), Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa, Gidan Tarihi na Philadelphia, Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na San Francisco, Jami'ar Stanford, Jami'ar California, Berkeley, da Jami'ar Minnesota . Daga ƙarshe Arensbergs sun janye buƙatarsu cewa wanda ya karɓi tarin ya kuma samar da ci gaba da Gidauniyar Francis Bacon. Bayan tattaunawa mai tsawo da ziyara da Darakta Fiske Kimball da matarsa Marie suka kai, Arensbergs sun gabatar da tarin abubuwa sama da 1000, ciki har da wasiƙu, waƙoƙi, rubuce-rubuce, rubuce-rubuce, bayanan tattara fasaha na mutum da na fasaha, da hotuna da ke nuna ayyukan tattara fasaha na ma'auratan da kuma abotarsu da manyan masu fasaha, marubuta da malamai, ga Gidan Tarihi na Philadelphia a ranar 27 ga Disamba, 1950. 

A shekarar 1949, Daniel Catton Rich da Katherine Kuh sun shirya baje kolin farko na tarin Arensberg, wanda aka gudanar a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago a shekarar 1949.  Don baje kolin *Making Mischief: Dada Invades New York* a shekarar 1996, Gidan Tarihi na Whitney na Fasaha ta Amurka ya sake ƙirƙirar cikin gidan Manhattan na Arensbergs. 

'Hollywood Arensberg', na Mark Nelson, William H. Sherman, da Ellen Hoobler, sun bayar da sake gina gida bayan gida, bango bayan bango, da kuma sake gina tarin gidaje da fasaha na ma'auratan a Los Angeles. Cibiyar Bincike ta Getty ta buga a shekarar 2020, littafin ya ba da cikakken bayani game da tarin fasahar zamani da ta kafin Columbia da kuma littattafai da rubuce-rubuce na Renaissance da Arensbergs suka yi. Ya dawo da duniyar ilimi ta mai tarawa da dara kuma ya sadaukar da kai ga binciken Baconia, kuma ya haskaka dangantaka tsakanin ma'auratan da Marcel Duchamp, Beatrice Wood, Earl Stendahl, Robert Woods Bliss, Marius de Zayas, Walter Pach, William Friedman, da sauransu.

## Manazarta