Lynn Gelhar

Lynn Walter Gelhar (an haife ta a shekara ta 1936), injiniya ce ta farar hula ta Amurka da ke mai da hankali kan ilimin ruwa kuma a halin yanzu Farfesa Emeritus ne a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts .  An san shi da bincike na farko a cikin ilimin ruwa na ƙasa, yana jagorantar bincike a fannin gwaje-gwaje na sufuri mai gurbataccen filin, kuma yana da ƙwarewa mai yawa a kan fannonin ruwa na zubar da sharar nukiliya.

## Tarihi.
An haifi Gelhar a shekara ta 1936, a tsakiyar ƙasar yashi ta Wisconsin (*[&#x3C;i&#x20;id= .]*/A_Sand_County_Almanac" id="mwFA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="A Sand County Almanac">A Sand County Almanac) . Ya girma a cikin ƙaramin ƙauyen noma na Oakfield, Wisconsin wanda ke ƙarƙashin Niagara Escarpment, ya kammala karatu daga Oakfield High School a shekara ta 1954. Ya yi karatun Injiniyanci a Jami'ar Wisconsin, ya ƙware a matakin digiri a cikin ilimin ruwa da injiniyan ruwa, tare da yara a cikin lissafi da yanayin yanayi; an kammala digirin digirinsa a shekarar 1964. A lokacin karatunsa na digiri ya kuma yi aiki tare da Hukumar Kula da Kasa (USDA) a kan ƙirar tsarin kula da ruwa da kuma a Fairbanks-Morse & Co. a kan manyan tsarin famfo don kula da ambaliyar ruwa da ayyukan samar da ruwa.

A shekara ta 1964, ya shiga bangaren koyarwa na Sashen Injiniya a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT) a matsayin Mataimakin Farfesa, kuma an inganta shi zuwa Mataimakin Forofesara a shekarar 1969. A shekara ta 1973, ya shiga bangaren koyarwa na Sashen Geoscience a Cibiyar Ma'adinai da Fasaha ta New Mexico (NMT); a matsayin Farfesa na Hydrology ya tsara shirin digiri a cikin hydrology. A shekara ta 1983, ya koma MIT a matsayin cikakken Farfesa, kuma ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 1996, ya zama Farfesa Emeritus yayin da yake ci gaba da jagorantar binciken dalibai masu digiri. Shafuka na Sabbatical sun haɗa da ziyara a Jami'ar Stanford (1971), Cibiyar Fasaha ta Karlsruhe (1978), Ecole des Mines de Paris (1978), Cibiyar Royal ta Fasaha (KTH, Stockholm) (1986), Cibiyar Tarayyar Fasaha ta Switzerland a Zurich (1986), Jami'ar Yammacin Australia da Kungiyar Binciken Kimiyya da Masana'antu ta Commonwealth (Perth) (1987), Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (1993), da Jami'ar Sarki Abdulaziz (KAU), Jeddah, (2012).

## Bincike.
An san Gelhar a matsayin jagora a kan ilimin ruwa na ƙasa. A shekara ta 1982, ya sami lambar yabo ta Horton ta American Geophysical Union  don nuna godiya ga aikinsa na farko a cikin ilimin ruwa na ƙasa, a shekara ta 1983, an zabe shi Fellow  a cikin Ƙungiyar Geophysiical ta Amurka, wanda aka ambata musamman don aiki a cikin hanyoyin stochastic, kuma a shekara ta 1987, ya kasance mai karɓar lambar yabo ta O. E. Meinzer  ta Geological Society of America don takardu uku da ke hulɗa da hanyoyin stochasic. Shi ne marubucin littafin Stochastic Subsurface Hydrology  (1993), kuma ya wallafa wallafe-wallafen fasaha 160. Yana da ƙwarewa mai zurfi a cikin bincike mai alaƙa da ruwa, amma an fi saninsa da aikinsa na ka'idoji wanda ke kwatanta jigilar gurbataccen ruwa a cikin ruwa mai ban sha'awa ta amfani da hanyoyin stochastic. Ya kuma taimaka wajen bunkasa manyan gwaje-gwaje na dogon lokaci da aka tsara don kimanta sabbin sakamakon ka'idoji, gami da wuraren shafuka a Cape Cod,  kusa da Columbus, Mississippi,  da kuma Yankin vadose a cikin hamadar New Mexico kusa da Las Cruces. Binciken da ya yi game da bayanan duniya game da yaduwar filin a cikin aquifers  ana yawan ambaton shi a cikin binciken da aka yi amfani da shi game da gurɓataccen ruwa. An ambaci wallafe-wallafen da ya wallafa a ko'ina, kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar hada shi a cikin jerin sunayen masana kimiyya na ISI na 2001, a cikin Injiniya da kuma Muhalli. A cikin Google Scholar an ba shi kyauta tare da fiye da 16,000, citations, kasancewar shi ne mutum mafi girma da aka ambata a fagen Hydrology na Ruwa.

## Ayyukan sana'a.
Gelhar yana da gogewa a cikin sabis na jama'a da shawarwari tare da gwamnati da masana'antu kan fannoni na ilimin ruwa na ƙasa, yana magance musamman batutuwan haɗari da na nukiliya. Ya yi aiki a cikin ƙungiyoyin bita da yawa, gami da ƙungiyoyin da ke nazarin al'amuran muhalli na Hanford Site a Washington, da kuma WIPP Nuclear Discharge site a New Mexico. A shafin WIPP yanayin ruwan kasa na yanki na iya sa shafin ya kasance mai saukin kamuwa da rushewar gishiri    da kuma siffofin da suka danganci kamar bututun breccia da sinkholes,  wanda zai iya daidaita kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci na shafin. Irin waɗannan rashin tabbas suna da alaƙa da rikitarwa na siyasa na WIPP. Ga wurin gwajin makaman nukiliya a Nevada, ya jagoranci kwamitin da ke nazarin tsarin ruwa na ƙasa don wannan yankin na kudu maso yammacin Nevada a matsayin wani ɓangare na kimanta tasirin gurɓataccen ruwa daga gwajin makamai na ƙasa. A shafin Hanford a Washington ya shiga cikin fannoni na ruwa na babban kayan aikin sharar nukiliya wanda aka gabatar a cikin basalt   kuma ya kasance memba na kwamitin da ke nazarin kimiyya da fasaha na tsaftace muhalli na Hanford. A Hanford akwai barazana ta musamman ga kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci na wuraren zubar da sharar gida da ke da alaƙa da yiwuwar ambaliyar ruwa tare da ruwa mai zurfi da ke mamaye shafin, kamar yadda ya faru akai-akai a kwanan nan kamar shekaru 13,000,da suka gabata (Missoula Floods). Ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar bita wanda ya kimanta yanayin ruwan ƙasa a wurin zubar da sharar nukiliya na Yucca Mountain  kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga wani babi ga littafin da ke bincika rashin tabbas da ke da alaƙa da Yucca Hill.  Yayinda yake kan sabbatical leaves a Faransa, Switzerland da Sweden ya yi aiki tare da masana kimiyya da ke da hannu a cikin shirye-shiryen zubar da sharar gida a waɗancan ƙasashe, a Sweden yana shirya rahoto game da gudana da sufuri a cikin duwatsu masu fashewa don hukumar su da ke hulɗa da zubar da shara.

## Daraja da kyaututtuka.

* Kyautar Charles V. Theis,  "... gagarumin gudummawa a cikin ilimin ruwa na ƙasa.

* Cibiyar Nazarin Ruwa ta Amurka, 2017.

* Distinguished Service Citation  "...ƙwarewar bincike da koyarwa a cikin albarkatun ruwa, ilimin ruwa na ƙasa..."

* Jami'ar Wisconsin, Kwalejin Injiniya, 1999.

* O. E. Meinzer Award  "...kyauta gudummawa a cikin hydrogeology... takardu uku da ke hulɗa da hanyoyin stochastic"

* Ƙungiyar Geological Society of America, 1987.

* AGU Fellow  "... gudummawa ga kimiyya na ilimin ruwa na ƙasa kuma musamman don aikace-aikacen hanyoyin stochastic a wannan fagen. "

* Ƙungiyar Geophysical ta Amurka, 1983.

* Kyautar Robert E. Horton  "Don nuna godiya ga aikinsa na farko a cikin ilimin ruwa na ƙasa"

* Ƙungiyar Geophysical ta Amurka, 1982.

## Manazarta.