Aramis, Habasha

**Aramis** ƙauye ne da kuma wurin binciken archaeological a arewa maso gabashin Habasha, inda aka sami ragowar *Australopithecus* da *Ardipithecus* (*Ardipithecus ramidus*).  Garin yana cikin Yankin Gudanarwa na 5 na Yankin Afar, wanda yake wani ɓangare na Afar Sultanate na Dawe, tare da latitude da longitude na 10°30′N 40°30′E / 10.500°N 40.500°E / 10. 500; 40.500, kuma yana cikin (Daale Faage Woreda), Carri Rasuk, Xaale Faagê Daqaara.

Hukumar Kididdiga ta Tsakiya ba ta ambaci wannan ƙauyen a cikin rahoton yawan jama'a na 2005 ba.

Masu binciken tarihi sun haɗa da wurin da aka gano kusa da ƙauyen a matsayin wani ɓangare na yankin Awash na Tsakiya. Nazarin Taphonological da palynological sun gano shaidar burbushin halittu masu arziki da fauna ciki har da tsaba da yawa na *Canthium*, jinsin da aka samo galibi a cikin gandun daji da gandun daji na Afirka. Bugu da ƙari, burbushin burbushin matsakaici da kudas sun nuna cewa Aramis na farko na tarihi na iya zama rigar, rufewa, da itace, yayin da a yau Tsakiyar Awash tana ɗaya daga cikin yankuna mafi bushewa, mafi zafi, da kuma mafi yawan wuraren da ba a iya zama a duniya.

A cikin 1992 da 1993 ƙungiyar da Tim D. White ke jagoranta ta sami samfurori 17 na burbushin hominid a Aramis. Wadannan burbushin an rubuta su ne a shekaru miliyan 4.4, shekaru 500,000 da suka gabata fiye da burbushin afarensis mafi tsufa da aka samu a gabashin Awash ta Tsakiya. An buga wannan binciken a shafin farko na *New York Times*, kuma daga baya an gabatar da sabon nau'in da nau'in hominids, *Ardipithecus ramidus* . 

## Yanayin ƙasa
Yankin binciken Tsakiyar Tsakiya ya rufe kilomita 5,000, tare da alluvium da / ko dutsen wuta na baya-bayan nan da ke rufe fiye da 80% na wannan yankin. Kogin Awash na yanzu yana tafiya daga kudu zuwa arewa a fadin yankin binciken, a ƙarshe ya kwarara cikin Tafkin Abbé a kan iyakar Habasha da Djibouti. Kogin Awash yana ciyar da shi ta hanyar ruwa na yau da kullun da na yanayi wanda ya samo asali ne a cikin tsaunuka tare da kafada da yamma. Tsawon yankin binciken Awash na Tsakiya ya bambanta daga kimanin mita 550 tare da Kogin Awash zuwa kusan mita 850 kusa da tuddai na yamma.

## Matsayi na muhalli da na lokaci na farkon Pliocene
Yankin bincike na Awash na Tsakiya yana kudu da Hadar kuma ya haye Kogin Awash na yanzu. Taieb ya gano muhimmancin paleanthropological na yankin a cikin shekarun 1960, bayan aikin ilimin ƙasa ya fara a 1938. Tsakanin 1975 da 1978 Rift Valley Research Mission a Habasha sun gudanar da ƙarin bincike, sannan tawagar su ta biyo baya a 1981. Layer sedimentary a cikin yankin binciken Awash na Tsakiyar Awash na Far na Habasha sun bayyana burbushin dabbobi, gami da tsofaffin hominids na duniya. Layer din da ke dauke da hominid suna da shekaru miliyan 4.4, bisa ga kwanan wata na radioisotopic, binciken geochemical na toka na dutsen wuta, da abubuwan da suka shafi lokaci. Shaidar sedimentological, botanical, da faunal sun nuna cewa Aramis hominid yana zaune a cikin gandun daji. Ana samun ajiyar farko da aka gano a gefen yammacin Afar. Bio a cikin lokaci-lokaci, waɗannan sun fito ne daga marigayi Miocene. Ba su sami kwarangwal na hominids ba. Mafi nauyi kuma mafi yawan abubuwan da aka nuna a Tsakiyar Awash sune ajiyar Pliocene, wanda ke girma daga gabas da yammacin kogin yanzu. Bayan Gen Suwa ya gano burbushin hominid a cikin kogin Aramis a ranar 17 ga Disamba, 1992, binciken ya mayar da hankali kan yankin da aka bayyana tsakanin Adgantoli na sama da ƙananan Sagantole. A bangarorin tsakiya na tsakiya, an ɗaga tsofaffin datti a hankali sama da kogin Awash kuma yanzu an gano su. Tsakanin 3.5 da 4.5 Myr, an gano mambobin Rift Valley Research Missin a Habasha 'Aramis' da 'Haradaso' ta hanyar biochronologically. Nau'in A. afarensis, wanda ake zaton ya fito ne daga Aramis hominids, ana zaton sun nuna nau'ikan haƙuri na muhalli, kamar yadda aka tabbatar da gaskiyar cewa an gano ƙasusuwansa a cikin saitunan buɗewa. Wataƙila farkon Aramis hominids sun guje wa waɗannan wuraren da ke buɗewa, waɗanda za su riga sun wuce A. afarensis ya bazu daga wuraren zama na gandun daji. Wannan na iya bayyana dalilin da ya sa akwai ƙananan basals a cikin Pliocene hominid ya kasance a wuraren da ba na gandun daji ba a cikin Awash na Tsakiya da sauran wurare.

## Ƙarshen Miocene Hominids
Ƙarshen Miocene Homininds

An gano sabbin hominid daga yankin Awash na Tsakiya na Habasha wanda ke da shekaru daga 5.2-5.8 Myr kuma suna da alaƙa da muhalli mai gandun daji. Wadannan burbushin Late Miocene na cikin jinsin hominid Ardipithecus kuma sune hujja ta farko game da wanzuwar clade. Dukkanin ƙananan hominids suna da siffofin hakora kawai. Wannan yana nuna cewa burbushin suna cikin harajin hominid wanda ya wanzu kafin rabuwa a cikin layin da ya haifar da chimpanes da mutane na zamani. Ardipithecus ya kasance phylogenetically kusa da kakanninmu na yau da kullun na chimpanes da mutane, bisa ga tsira da fasalulluka na farko da na postcranial a cikin waɗannan sababbin burbushin. Alamun muhalli suna nuna yanayin gandun daji. Tun lokacin da aka gano na farko (wani bangare na mandible) a Alayla a cikin 1997, an gano samfurori 11 na hominid a wurare daban-daban guda biyar.

## Manazarta

1. WoldeGabriel Matsayi na muhalli da na lokaci na farkon Pliocene hominids a Aramis, Habasha. 1994;371(6495). doi: [1]

2. Haile-Selassie, Y. Late Miocene hominids daga Middle Awash, Habasha. Yanayi 412, 178-181 (2001). 

3. Haile-Selassie, Y. (an haife shi). Mio-Pliocene dabbobi masu shayarwa daga Tsakiyar Awash, Habasha.

## Dubi kuma