Stephen Robert

**Stephen Robert** (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga Yuni, 1940)  babban jami'in harkokin kuɗi ne na Amurka, mai kula da ilimi, kuma mai taimakon jama'a. Ya kasance Shugaba kuma Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa na Oppenheimer &amp;amp; Co. daga 1983 zuwa 1997, kuma Shugaban Jami'ar Brown daga 1998 zuwa 2007. A matsayinsa na mai taimakon jama'a, yana jagorantar Gidauniyar Source of Hope, wacce ke ba da ayyuka na asali ga al'ummomin da ke cikin mawuyacin hali a duniya. A matsayinsa na ɗan jarida, ya buga labarai kan dangantakar Isra'ila da Falasɗinawa da kuma tattalin arzikin Amurka a cikin manyan wallafe-wallafen ƙasa da na duniya.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Robert a shekarar 1940 a Haverhill, Massachusetts .   Ya ce, "Na girma a cikin dangin Yahudawa a New England [...] Mahaifina shugaban majami'ar Yahudawa ne; mahaifiyata ita ce shugabar Hadassah ta yankin." 

Ya halarci Kwalejin Phillips Exeter, inda ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1958.  Ya sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Brown a shekarar 1962. Ya yi karatun digiri na biyu a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London (1962–1963) da Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Columbia (1963–1965).  

A shekara ta 2004, Jami'ar Brown ta ba shi digirin girmamawa na Doctor of Humane Letters . 

## Aikin kasuwanci
Robert ya fara aikinsa a shekarar 1965 a Wall Street, a matsayin mai sharhi kan harkokin tsaro a kamfanin saka hannun jari na Faulkner, Dawkins & Sullivan.   

A shekarar 1968, ya fara aiki a bankin saka hannun jari na Oppenheimer &amp;amp; Co. a matsayin manajan fayil, daga baya ya zama babban jami'in saka hannun jari.  Ya zama shugaban bincike a shekarar 1976. A shekarar 1979, an nada shi Shugaban kasa, kuma an nada shi a matsayin Shugaba kuma Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa, tunda shugaban kamfanin na dogon lokaci, Jack Nash, yana son yin ritaya daga baya. A shekarar 1982, a lokacin shugabancin Robert, Kamfanin Mercantile House Holdings ya sayi Oppenheimer a Landan, kuma Robert ya shiga kwamitin gudanarwa na Mercantile House.   

Ya zama Shugaban Kamfanin Oppenheimer kuma Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa a shekarar 1983.  A shekarar 1986, Robert da Nathan Gantcher, shugaban kamfanin Oppenheimer, sun jagoranci wata ƙungiyar gudanarwa wadda ta sayi kashi 82% na hannun jari a kamfanin daga hannun iyayenta Mercantile House Holdings.   Sayen ya mayar da Oppenheimer mallakar kamfani mai zaman kansa, kuma Robert ya zama babban mai kamfanin. A shekarar 1997, shi da Gantcher suka sayar da Oppenheimer ga Bankin Kasuwanci na Kanada (CIBC),   kuma Robert ya yi murabus daga kamfanin. 

Daga 2005 zuwa 2009, ya kasance Shugaba kuma Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa na Renaissance Institutional Management, wani kamfanin saka hannun jari wanda ke ba da shawara ga abokan ciniki masu daraja da cibiyoyi masu saka hannun jari, wanda wani reshe ne na Renaissance Technologies . Ya yi ritaya a 2009 don mai da hankali kan ayyukan agaji.   

Robert shine Shugaba kuma Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa na kamfanin saka hannun jari na kansa, Robert Capital Management, wanda ke Manhattan.    

## Jami'ar Brown

Robert ya kasance Shugaban Jami'ar Brown daga 1998 zuwa 2007, bayan ya kasance a kwamitin amintattu na jami'ar daga 1984 zuwa 1994 kuma a kwamitin abokan aikinsa tun 1994.   Ya kuma kasance a kwamitoci da dama a jami'ar, ciki har da kwamitin zuba jari, wanda ya shugabanta daga 1986 zuwa 1997.

A matsayinsa na Kansila, ya haɗu ya ƙaddamar da Shirin Stephen Robert don Nazarin Ɗabi'u, wani shiri mai matakai da yawa kuma mai ci gaba a harabar jami'a don nazarin ɗabi'u da ɗabi'u da kuma haɗa nazarin ɗabi'un ɗan adam cikin manhajar kwaleji.     Ya kuma jagoranci jami'ar ta hanyar murabus ba zato ba tsammani na shugabanta, E. Gordon Gee, kuma ya jagoranci kwamitin zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 2000 wanda ya naɗa Ruth J. Simmons a matsayin magajin Gee.  A shekarar 2004 ya bayar da gudummawar dala 500,000 don ƙirƙirar da kuma ba wa Chancellor Stephen Robert Fellowship, wani shiri na tallafin karatu ga ɗaliban da suka kammala karatu a kowane fanni. 

A shekara ta 2007, malaman Brown sun ba shi lambar yabo mafi girma, wato Susan Colver Rosenberger Medal, saboda "nasara mai muhimmanci ko kuma mai amfani". Shugaban kwamitin zartarwa na malamai ya ce, "Malaman Brown suna alfahari da girmama shugabancin Stephen Robert. Jagorancinsa ya jagoranci wannan jami'a ta hanyar nasarori da dama na musamman wajen bin tsarin Inganta Ilimi, gami da mayar da hankali kan daukar mafi kyawun masu ilimi, da kuma daukar mafi kyawun malamai." 

A shekarar 2007, ya kuma bayar da kyautar jagora, tare da masu ba da gudummawa guda uku da ba a san ko su waye ba, don gyaran Faunce House na dala miliyan 20, wani gini mai tarihi a harabar jami'ar, domin samar da sarari ga dukkan al'ummar Brown su taru.      A kaka ta 2010, an sake sanya wa sabon ginin da aka gyara suna Cibiyar Harabar Stephen Robert, don girmama shugabancinsa da nasarorin da ya samu. Manufar Robert na babban gyaran ita ce haɓaka hulɗa tsakanin ɗaliban Brown, malamai, da ma'aikatansa, da kuma cimma ci gaban ilimi ta hanyar gina fahimtar al'umma iri ɗaya.

Robert kuma shine shugaban Cibiyar Watson ta Ƙasa da Ƙasashen Duniya da Harkokin Jama'a da ke Brown. [undefined] A shekarar 2015, yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin masu ba da gudummawa uku waɗanda suka haɗa hannu suka ba da gudummawar dala 50 miliyan ɗaya ga cibiyar don ba da kuɗaɗen gina sabon gini, faɗaɗa malaman cibiyar, da faɗaɗawa da ƙirƙirar shirye-shirye da nufin magance wasu ƙalubalen manufofi mafi wahala a duniya. A watan Mayu na 2019, Jami'ar Brown ta sanya wa sabon ginin suna Stephen Robert Hall don girmama shi.

## Siyasa, agaji, da aikin jarida
Robert memba ne na Majalisar Hulɗa da Ƙasashen Waje,  memba ne na Kwamitin Jagorancin Shirye-shiryen Shirye-shiryen Harkokin Waje a Cibiyar Brookings,   kuma memba ne na Kwamitin Zuba Jari na Gidauniyar Peter G. Peterson . Amintacce ne na Gidauniyar Solomon R. Guggenheim,  kuma amintaccen kuma mai ba da gudummawa mai yawa ga Asibitin Presbyterian na New York .   Ya taɓa kasancewa cikin kwamitin gudanarwa na Xerox, Cibiyar Manhattan,  Cibiyar Philharmonic ta New York, da WNET/THIRTEEN . Ya taɓa zama memba na kwamitin ba da shawara na Blackstone Alternative Asset Management, kuma a da yana cikin Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Shugaban Ƙasa a Kwalejin Malamai, Jami'ar Columbia . 

Robert da matarsa Pilar Crespi Robert su ne suka kafa Gidauniyar Source of Hope, wacce ke ba da taimako ga al'ummomin da ba su da albarkatu kamar kiwon lafiya, ilimi, ruwa, abinci, da kuma ƙananan damar samun kuɗi.     Tare da haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, gidauniyar ta gudanar da ayyukan agaji, gami da agaji ga waɗanda bala'o'i suka shafa, a yankuna kamar yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara na Afirka, Isra'ila, Falasɗinu, Haiti, Colombia, da birnin New York. Roberts su ne shugabannin gidauniyar; suna da hannu sosai a ayyukanta, kuma suna tafiya akai-akai don bin diddigin lamarin. Roberts suma suna da hannu sosai a cikin, kuma sun ba da gudummawa mai yawa ga Henry Street Settlement, wata hukumar agaji ta zamantakewa mai zaman kanta wacce ke kula da mabukata a yankin Lower East Side na Manhattan. Robert a da ya kasance darektan Millennium Promise, wata gidauniya da aka keɓe don biyan buƙatun talakawa a duniya.

A matsayinsa na ɗan jarida, Robert ya rubuta muƙaloli ga wallafe-wallafe daban-daban na ƙasa da na duniya. Bayan koma bayan tattalin arziki, ya buga bincike da shawarwari game da tattalin arzikin Amurka a cikin *Forbes*   da *The Daily Beast* . 

A cikin shekarun 2010, ya buga muƙaloli da dama da suka soki manufofin Isra'ila kan Falasdinu, a wurare da suka haɗa da *The Nation*,   *Haaretz*,    da kuma *[[New York Times]]* .   Ya kuma yi magana a Cibiyar Watson ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa da Harkokin Jama'a a Jami'ar Brown, tare da irin wannan suka.   Daga ra'ayinsa a matsayinsa na Bayahude, mai goyon bayan Isra'ila, mai taimakon jama'a kuma darektan Gidan Tarihi na Yahudawa,  darektan Shirin Amurka/Gabas ta Tsakiya (USMEP),   kuma gwamnan Kwamitin Yahudawa na Amurka,  ya dage cewa Isra'ila ƙasa ce mai wariyar launin fata .  Da yake ambaton takamaiman ma'anar wariyar launin fata da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi - tsarin da "wani rukuni na launin fata mai tsari ke hana wani rukunin launin fata haƙƙoƙinsu" - ya nuna, a tsakanin sauran takura, rashin iyawar Falasɗinawa na samun kulawar lafiya ta sakandare da ta sakandare; rashin 'yancin motsi; ƙuntatawa kan kasuwanci, ruwa, da noma; da kuma kama su ba bisa ƙa'ida ba.   Ya yi imanin cewa Isra'ila tana buƙatar ƙasar Falasɗinawa domin ta ci gaba da zama ƙasar Yahudawa mai dimokuraɗiyya.  Ra'ayinsa na 2018 a *Haaretz* ya lura da yadda Isra'ila ta koma ga tsattsauran ra'ayi na dama da kuma haɗin gwiwar Donald Trump a cikin hakan. 

A watan Mayun 2019, Asibitin Presbyterian na New York ya ƙaddamar da Cibiyar Pilar Crespi Robert da Stephen Robert don Kula da Lafiyar Al'umma. Shirin "yana tallafawa da ƙarfafa iyalai masu rauni ta hanyar taimaka musu su sami kulawa mai dacewa, ci gaba da samun damar ayyukan da ke magance shingayen zamantakewa ga kulawa, kamar rashin abinci, tashin hankalin cikin gida, ƙalubalen shige da fice, da kuma gidaje marasa inganci."

A watan Oktoban 2019, Stephen Robert da Pilar Crespi Robert sun sami kyautar Tzedek v'Shalom saboda aikinsu na adalci da zaman lafiya a bikin baje kolin kasa na J Street na 2019.  

### Za a iya naɗa jakada a matsayin jakada
A watan Fabrairun 2022, an ruwaito cewa Shugaba Joe Biden zai naɗa Robert a matsayin Jakadan Amurka a Italiya .  Ba a yi sanarwar a hukumance ba har zuwa 2023 lokacin da Biden ya zaɓi Jack Markell a maimakon haka. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Robert yana zaune a Miami, Florida tare da matarsa, Pilar Crespi Robert.   Yana da 'ya'ya biyu daga tsohuwar aurensa da Eileen Robert.  

## Manazarta