Mohamed Keshavjee

**Mohamed Manjee Keshavjee** kwararre ne na al'adu na kasa da kasa a kan sulhu, tare da mai da hankali kan Dokar  da kuma Sauran Magani (ADR).

## Rayuwa ta Farko
An haifi Keshavjee a Pretoria, Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1945, ga iyayen Indiya, mahaifinsa Nazarali Manjee Keshavjee, da mahaifiyarsa Koolsam Kanji Kana. Saboda yawan tashin hankali da wariyar launin fata da ke karuwa a Afirka ta Kudu, danginsa sun ji matsin lamba su bar Pretoria zuwa Kenya a shekarar 1962, suna neman rayuwa mafi kyau. A farko, rayuwa ta fi kyau a Kenya, amma daga bisani abubuwa suka canza tare da Idi Amin. Bayan dawowarsa daga Ingila inda ya samu digirin lauya a shekarar 1969, Keshavjee ya samu kansa cikin matsalar rashin samun aiki, har da wanda ba a biya shi ba. A shekarar 1972, danginsa suka koma Kanada. A cikin littafinsa, "Into That Heaven of Freedom", (tare da gabatarwa daga Ahmed Kathrada, ɗan siyasa da aka fi tsarewa na biyu a duniya bayan Nelson Mandela,), Keshavjee ya bayyana tarihin hijirar Indiyawa zuwa Afirka a ƙarni na 19 da kuma wahalhalun da suka fuskanta a ƙarƙashin mulkin wariyar launin fata (Apartheid), yana amfani da tarihin danginsa a matsayin misali, inda ya jaddada fafutukar farko ta wariyar launin fata da Mohandas Gandhi ya fuskanta kafin a ba shi lambar girmamawa ta Mahatma.

## Nasarorin da aka samu
A cikin 2016, Dr Keshavjee ya sami lambar yabo ta Gandhi, Sarki, Ikeda Peace ta Martin Luther King Jr. International Chapel a Kwalejin Morehouse, Atlanta, Jojiya, saboda aikinsa a kan sulhu, zaman lafiya da ilimin haƙƙin ɗan adam. Keshavjee ita ce Kanada ta farko kuma Asiya ta farko daga Afirka da aka ba da wannan kyautar. A lokacin da ya karbi wannan kyautar, Keshavjee ya ba da jawabin, "Cosmopolitan Ethics: Yadda muke bi da juna a duniyar duniya ta yau". Yana ba da laccoci game da hanyoyin sulhu  da ake buƙata a fuskar manyan rikice-rikice saboda saurin duniya, hanzarta ci gaban fasaha, da babban canjin yanayi.   Littafinsa, Islam, Sharia and Alternative Dispute Resolution, ya yi magana ne game da yadda Musulmai ke shiga cikin al'adun gargajiya na shari'a da dokokin Ƙasar Ingila. Ya yi magana a kan ADR a tarurruka a Turai, Arewacin Amurka da Asiya, kuma ya horar da matsakanci na iyali a cikin ƙasashen EU da Imamai da fastoci a cikin masallaci da rikice-rikicen coci a Burtaniya da Amurka, bi da bi.

Dokta Keshavjee ya yi aiki a Kenya, Kanada da Ingila.  Ya shafe shekaru talatin yana aiki tare da sakatariyar Aga Khan a Faransa a kan shirye-shiryen da ke da niyyar inganta ingancin rayuwar mutane a wasu yankuna mafi talauci a duniya ta hanyar Ismaili Imamat da Aga Khan Development Network.

Ya rubuta littattafai da labarai game da Indiyawan da ke zaune a Afirka. A Landan, ya taimaka wajen aiwatar da fayilolin shige da fice na 'yan Asiya na Gabashin Afirka kuma ya yi hira da 'yan gudun hijira daga Uganda da sauran ƙasashe. A cikin 2021, kungiyar lauyoyin Afirka ta Kudu (PABASA) ta gayyace shi don horar da mambobin shari'a a cikin sulhu tare da ƙungiyar masu horar da 20 daga ƙasashe shida. Albie Sachs, wanda ya kafa Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta Afirka ta Kudu ya buɗe taron tare da gabatarwar jawabi. A cikin 2022, ya jagoranci ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa zuwa Afirka ta Kudu kuma Ita Gandhi ta karbe shi a ƙauyen Phoenix inda Mahatma Gandhi ya fara buga takardu na farko a cikin shekarun 1890.

A cikin 2021, an nada Dokta Keshavjee a Kwamitin Gudanarwa na BUA 50  inda ya taka rawar ilimi wajen tsara shirin. Wannan ya haɗa da babban shirin tare da Tarihin Kasa na Burtaniya. Ya ba da gudummawa ga wani labarin game da korar Uganda na 1972 ga littafin Awaaz na Kenya, wanda ya yi shekaru 50 da suka gabata, ya tsara kuma ya daidaita shirin ga Hukumar Ilimi ta Ismaili  wanda ya kama kwarewar Ismaili na korar da sake zama, kuma ya gabatar da lacca a Durban Afirka ta Kudu yana nuna korar. Wannan lacca ta halarci Ita Gandhi da Navanethem Pillay, tsohon Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam.

A cikin 2022, ya yi magana a matsayin babban jawabi tare da Albie Sachs a matsayin cameo a ADRBC a kan Hukumar Gaskiya da Sulhu kan abin da Kanada za ta iya yi don yin tasiri ga 'yan asalin saboda abubuwan da suka faru a makarantun zama.

A ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 2022, ya yi magana game da fitar da Uganda na 1972 a Jami'ar Carleton, Ottawa, Ontario, Kanada.

## Ilimi da horo
1969 Honourable Society of Gray's Inn London: Barrister a Law; 1970 An yarda da shi a matsayin Lauyan Babban Kotun Kenya a Nairobi; 1976 LLB daga Jami'ar Sarauniya, Kingston, Kanada; 1977 An yarda da su a matsayin Barrister da Solicitor da memba na The Law Society of Upper Canada a Osgoode Hall, Toronto; 2000 LLM (daraja) da 2009 PhD School of Oriental and African Studies, London Faculty of Law: Thesis "Alative Dispute Resolution in a cikin Diasporic Community in the Diasporical Muslim Ya halarci darussan takaddun shaida a Kwalejin Hague na Shari'ar Jama'a ta Duniya, Shirin Harvard a Matsakaici, Gidauniyar Berghof a Berlin, da Child Focus a Belgium.

## Kyaututtuka da girmamawa
Kyautar Gandhi-King.

## Ayyukan da aka wallafa
* "Islam, Sharia and Alternative Dispute Resolution: Mechanisms for Legal Redress in the Muslim Community", an wallafa ranar 30 ga Yuni, 2013, London, UK: IB Tauris & Co. 
* "Into that Heaven of Freedom: The impact of apartheid on an Indian family's diasporic history", Mohamed M Keshavjee, 2015, daga Mawenzi House Publishers, Ltd., Toronto, ON, Canada. 
* "Understanding Sharia: Islamic Law in a Globalised World", na Raficq S Abdulla da Mohamed M Keshavjee, an wallafa ranar 31 Oktoba, 2018, 
* "Diasporic Distractions: New faces in new places", Kuala Lumpur, Silverfish Books, 2017, shafi 212, 
* "The Ugandan Expulsion at 50 and Beyond: A Time for Reflection", AWAAZ Voices, Juzu'i na 19, Fitowa ta 2, 2022.

## Sashe da ya bayar gudunmawa

* "Dispute resolution", cikin A. Sajoo (Ed.), "A companion to Muslim ethics", London/New York: IB Tauris, Keshavjee, M. (2002)
* "Cross-border family mediation", cikin C. Paul & S. Kieswetter (Eds.), International parental child abduction, custody and access cases, Frankfurt: Wolfgang Metzner Verlag, Keshavjee, M. (2013) 
* "Reflective learning from the training programmes of the Ismaili Muslim conciliation and arbitration boards globally", Mujallar UK College of Mediators (Disamba), shafi 23–8. Keshavjee, M., & Whatling, T. (2005). Ana samun sa a http://www.iis.ac.uk/view_article.asp ?
* "The State of Social Progress of Islamic Society; Social, Economic, Political, and Ideological Challenges", H. Tiliouine, R. J. Estes (Ed.). Springer. (2016). Ana samun sa a https://link-springer-com.bris.idm.oclc.org/book/10.1007/978-3-319-24774-8.
* Co-authored "The Sharia; History, Ethics and Law", cikin A. Sajoo (Ed.), London: IB Tauris, Keshavjee, M da Abdulla, R (2018). Ana samu a: https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/sharia-9781786724045/
* "Comparative Dispute Resolution", cikin M. Moscati, M. Palmer, M. Roberts (Ed). London

## Rayuwa ta mutum
A shekara ta 1977, Keshavjee ta auri Dr (yanzu Farfesa) Amina Jindani  a Toronto, Kanada.  Ayyukan rayuwar Dr Jindani suna gudanar da gwaje-gwaje na asibiti da nufin rage tsawon lokacin da ake buƙata don magance tarin fuka.

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Manazarta
*  https://southasia.berkeley.edu/mohamed-keshavjee 
*  https://www.hcch.net/search-results#stq=keshavjee&stp=1
*  https://ismailimail.blog/tag/mohamed-keshavjee/
*  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l373Hy2KdfU
*  https://pabasa.co.za/2021/10/24/justice-albie-sachs-in-conversation-with-dr-mohamed-keshavjee
*  http://www.theamericanmuslim.org/tam.php/features/articles/keshavjee_mohamed/ 
*  https://the.ismaili/global/news/institutional-news/mawlana-hazar-imam-appoints-new-iis-board-governors
*  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1dg5pfmEoA
*  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eyWt5yaUHDk
*  https://pabasa.co.za/albie-sachs-registration/ Monday, Sept. 20, 2021
*  https://carleton.ca/uganda-collection/program/
*  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1WmLha0bSxA
*  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eyWt5yaUHDk&t=704s
*  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_S_fHpFrekU
*  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BXICNUqjLNQ
*  https://ismailimail.blog/2023/09/07/new-international-clinical-trial-with-help-from-aga-khan-foundation-shows-great-promise-for-tuberculosis-elimination/