Aileen Palmer

**Aileen Palmer** (6 ga Afrilu 1915 - 21 ga Disamba 1988) marubuciya ce kuma marubuciya 'yar Birtaniya 'yar Australiya . Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai fassara a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Spain a wani asibiti mai motsi sannan daga baya a sashin motar asibiti a Landan a lokacin The Blitz . Tare da tarihin kasancewa a cikin cibiyar kula da cututtuka daban-daban na kwakwalwa, littattafan tarihinta sun nuna bincikenta game da jima'i da rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Daga cikin takardunta akwai littattafai da yawa da ba a buga ba da kuma tarin tarihin rayuwarta, waɗanda suka samar da tarin bayanai masu mahimmanci ga malamai don tantance asalin jinsi da lafiyar kwakwalwa a zamaninta.

## Rayuwa ta farko

An haifi Aileen Yvonne Palmer a ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 1915, a Landan ga fitattun marubuta biyu na ƙasar Ostiraliya, Nettie (née Janet Gertrude Higgins) da Edward Vivian Palmer, waɗanda aka fi sani da Vance . Cikin watanni shida da haihuwarta, iyayen Palmer sun koma ƙasarsu ta asali Ostiraliya, inda suka kafa gidansu a Dandenong Ranges, kusa da Melbourne .  A shekarar 1917, an haifi 'yar uwarta Helen  kuma 'yan matan biyu sun fara karatunsu a gida, mahaifiyarsu ce ta koyar da su. A shekarun 1920, iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Caloundra da ke Kudu maso Gabashin Queensland, inda Nettie ta ci gaba da karatunsu.  An bayyana ta a matsayin yarinya mai jin kunya, wadda ke da ciwon myopia kuma tana da hannun hagu. 

A shekarar 1929, iyalin suka ƙaura zuwa Melbourne, kuma Palmer ta shiga Kwalejin Mata ta Presbyterian . Ta ci gaba da karatunta, tana karatun Faransanci, Jamusanci, Sifaniyanci da Rashanci, ta kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Melbourne da lambar yabo ta aji ɗaya a fannin harshen Faransanci da adabi a shekarar 1935.  Yayin da take makaranta a kusan shekarar 1931, ta fara rubuta wani littafi na tarihin rayuwarta, *Poor Child—wani labari na Posthumous* wanda ta tattauna rashin jin daɗinta, da kuma sha'awarta ga malamai daban-daban. Ta kuma rubuta wani littafin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam game da *masu canza jinsi*, wanda ɗaya daga cikin malamanta ta ba ta don karantawa.  Littafin tarihin rayuwarta na 1932 ya kuma sake ba da labarin dangantaka da ayyukan wata ƙungiyar mata matasa, wanda Palmer ya kira "mutanen da suka yi wa taron jama'a". Kodayake an rubuta shi a matsayin mujallar sirri,  sharhin wasu membobin taron sun nuna cewa wataƙila takarda ce a buɗe, aƙalla ga sauran membobin ƙungiyarta. An rubuta su da lambar sirri, ta amfani da gajerun kalmomi da kalmomi marasa ma'ana, matan sun bayyana cewa suna da alaƙa ta motsin rai kuma suna da sha'awar karatu da rubuta waƙa da waƙa, da kuma kusancin jiki. 

## Baƙi a Turai
Palmer ta fara aiki a matsayin mai fafutuka kafin ta kammala karatunta daga jami'a. Tana shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Ostiraliya a shekarar 1934, ta yi aiki a kan yakin neman zabe na shige da fice na Egon Kisch . Ba da daɗewa ba bayan kammala karatunta, ta yi tafiya tare da iyalinta zuwa Landan kuma ta halarci tarurrukan yaƙi da wariyar launin fata . Ta yi tafiya zuwa Vienna, inda ta shafe watanni uku tana fassara ayyukan Helene Scheu-Riesz, kafin ta koma Spain. A shekarar 1936, an ɗauke ta aiki a matsayin mai fassara don gasar Olympics ta Jama'a da aka tsara, amma an shawo kan lamarin tun lokacin da aka fara Yaƙin Basasa na Spain . [1] A lokacin, Palmer tana zaune a wani gida da iyayenta suka yi haya kusa da Barcelona a Mongat. Lokacin da aka yi juyin mulki, an kwashe ta da iyalinta ta hanyar Marseille zuwa London. Ganin cewa ba ta son tafiya, Palmer ta rabu da iyayenta a Faransa, ta tuntuɓi ƙawarta Isabel Brown, wacce ke aiki a da'irar kwaminis a Landan, kuma ta shiga wani sashin likitanci na Burtaniya. Asalin aikinta a matsayin mai buga rubutu, ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatare da mai fassara a Spain na tsawon shekaru biyu masu zuwa. [1] [1]

Tana aiki a fagen daga watan Agusta 1936 zuwa tsakiyar 1938, Palmer ta hau babur tare da direbobin motar asibiti kuma ta ajiye bayanan wadanda suka ji rauni, ta aika rahotannin rauni da mutuwa zuwa ofishin yakin tsakiya.  A lokacin yakin Brunete, fada ya yi tsanani kuma asibitin filin yana kusa da matakin, wanda ya sa Palmer ta ji damuwa da rashin kwanciyar hankali. Ta nemi izinin tafiya, wanda a karshe aka ba ta izinin shiga watan Agusta 1937.  Duk da cewa iyayenta sun bukaci ta ci gaba da zama a Ingila, Palmer ya koma Spain a wata mai zuwa, inda ta shiga Sashen Asibiti na 35 a Aragon . A watan Disamba, sashin yana Teruel,  a yanayin zafi kasa da sifili, tare da karancin abinci da wadata da fada mai tsanani, ja da baya da kuma sake kamawa. Daga karshe an kwashe ma'aikatan lafiya aka mayar da su asibitin likita a Barcelona. Lokacin da sojojin Franco suka raba Spain gida biyu, a watan Mayu 1938, Palmer ya koma Landan.  Ta yi aiki a Kwamitin Haɗin gwiwa na Ƙasa don Agajin Mutanen Espanya  har zuwa 1939, tana rarraba takardu, tana gudanar da tarukan tallatawa, da kuma halartar tarukan gangami.  Ta rubuta wani labari, *Last Mile ga Huesca* game da lokacin da ta yi a Spain, kodayake ba a buga shi ba.  [ Bayanan kula 1 ]

Bayan yaƙin ya ƙare, Palmer ya tafi Faransa ya yi aiki a sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira, yana rubuta rahotanni game da mutanen Spain.  Daga nan ta koma Ingila kuma ta yi aiki a The Blitz ta yi aiki a Auxiliary Ambulance Service a matsayin direba a Stepney a lokacin yaƙin har zuwa 1943.   A wannan lokacin, ta fara aiki a Australia House kuma ta zauna har sai da aka kira ta zuwa Australia saboda rashin lafiyar mahaifiyarta. 

## Manazarta