Tsarin Muhalli na Duniya

**Samfurin Muhalli na Duniya na Duniya** ( **GEM** ), wanda aka fi sani da samfurin CMC a Arewacin Amurka, wani tsarin haɗe-haɗe ne da tsarin haɗakar bayanai da aka haɓaka a cikin Recherche en Prévision Numérique (RPN), Reshen Binciken Yanayi (MRB), da Cibiyar Yanayi ta Kanada (CMC). Tare da NWS 's Global Forecast System (GFS), wanda ke gudana zuwa kwanaki 16, ECMWF 's Integrated Forecast System (IFS), wanda ke gudanar da kwanaki 10, da US Naval Research Laboratory Navy Global Environmental Model ( NAVGEM ), wanda ya ƙare kwanaki takwas, Birtaniya Met Office 's Unified Model, wanda ya ƙare kwanaki bakwai. ICON (ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic), wanda ke gudana har zuwa kwanaki 7.5, yana ɗaya daga cikin samfuran matsakaicin matsakaici na duniya gaba ɗaya amfani. 

## Aiki

### Samfurin ƙaddara
Samfurin aiki na GEM, wanda aka sani da **Tsarin Hasashen Ƙaddara Duniya** (GDPS), a halin yanzu yana aiki don sake zagayowar haɗaɗɗiyar bayanai ta duniya da hasashen matsakaicin matsakaici, tsarin jujjuya bayanan assimilation na juzu'i da tsinkayar gajeren zango. Hasashen Mesoscale (wanda aka rarraba a ƙarƙashin sunaye *tsarin tsinkayar ƙayyadaddun yanki* ko RDPS don raga mai ƙarfi, akwai don duk Arewacin Amurka da *babban tsarin tsinkaya mai ƙima* ko HDPPS don mafi kyawun raga, wanda ake samu a Kanada kawai) ana samarwa cikin dare kuma ana samunsu ga masu hasashen aiki. Yawan karuwar aikace-aikacen meteorological yanzu ko dai bisa ko amfani da samfurin GEM. Fitowa daga GEM yana fita zuwa kwanaki 10, daidai da fitowar jama'a na Tsarin Hasashen Hasashen Turai.

### Ƙungiya samfurin
Bambancin tarin GEM an san shi da **Tsarin Hasashen Duniya** (GEPS). Yana da mambobi 20 (da iko ) kuma yana aiki da kwanaki 16, kewayo iri ɗaya da tsarin hasashen duniya na Amurka. GEPS yana gudana tare da ƙungiyar GFS don samar da Tsarin Hasashen Hasashen Arewacin Amurka . Tsarin tsinkayar gungu na yanki (REPS), wanda ke rufe Arewacin Amurka kuma yana da membobi 20 tare da sarrafawa, yana ɗaukar awanni 72.

## Ci gaba
An ƙirƙira ƙirar GEM don biyan bukatun hasashen yanayin aiki na Kanada na shekaru masu zuwa. Waɗannan a halin yanzu sun haɗa da hasashen yanki na ɗan gajeren zango, matsakaicin matsakaicin hasashen duniya, da haɗa bayanai. A nan gaba za su haɗa da watsa shirye-shiryen yanzu a ma'auni, da ƙwaƙƙwaran tsinkaya mai tsayi a kowane wata zuwa lokutan lokutan yanayi. Ma'anar hanyar ita ce samar da samfuri guda ɗaya mai inganci wanda za'a iya sake tsara shi a lokacin gudu don ko dai a gudanar da shi a duniya a daidaitaccen ƙuduri (tare da yuwuwar ƙasƙantar da ƙuduri a cikin "sauran" hemisphere), ko kuma gudanar da ƙuduri mai sauƙi a kan yanki na duniya kamar babban ƙuduri yana mayar da hankali kan wani yanki na sha'awa.

### Makanikai
An ƙirƙira ƙirar ƙirar GEM mai aiki ta cikin sharuddan daidaitattun daidaitattun hydrostatic tare da ƙasa mai bin daidaitawa a tsaye (h). Rarraba lokaci tsari ne na matakin Semi-Lagrangian na matakin-lokaci-biyu. Fahimtar sararin samaniya shine tsarin grid-point na Galerkin akan Arakawa C-grid a cikin kwance (lat-lon) da rarrabuwar kawuna na Charney-Phillips Vertical discretization . A kwance raga na iya zama na uniform ko m ƙuduri, kuma za a iya kuma za a iya jujjuya bisa ga ka'ida, raga a tsaye shi ma yana da canji. Bayyanar da ke kwance a kwance shine -2 akan duk masu canjin tsinkaya.

Samfurin GEM mai aiki yana da alaƙa tare da cikakken madaidaicin ma'auni na zahiri, waɗannan a halin yanzu sun haɗa da:

* hasken rana da infrared radiation m tare da ruwa tururi, carbon dioxide, ozone da gajimare ,
* Hasashen zafin saman ƙasa tare da hanyar maido da ƙarfi,
* tashin hankali a cikin layin iyaka na duniya ta hanyar watsawa ta tsaye, ƙididdigar rarrabawa dangane da kwanciyar hankali da kuzarin motsin motsi ,
* Layer Layer bisa ka'idar kamanceceniya ta Monin-Obukhov ,
* tsari mai zurfi (wanda ba shi da hazo),
* Nau'in Kuo mai zurfi mai zurfi (tsarin hasashen duniya),
* Fritsch-Chappell nau'in makirci mai zurfi mai zurfi (tsarin hasashen yanki),
* Sundqvist tsarin hazo don hazo mai ma'ana,
* Jawo kalaman nauyi .

### Nan gaba
Mataki na gaba na ci gaba na samfurin GEM shine kimanta nau'in da ba na ruwa ba don aikace-aikacen mesoscale inda zato na hydrostatic ya rushe. Sigar iyakacin iyaka (bude-iyaka) an shirya bi. An kusan kammala sigar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta GEM, &#x5B; ** &#x5D; babban ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce ne wanda ya dogara ne akan hanyar sadarwa ta gida da aka haɓaka a halin yanzu ta amfani da Interface Passing Message . Bincike kan yadda ake aiwatar da tsare-tsare daban-daban na filayen ƙasa kamar ISBA ( Interaction Soil-Biosphere-Atmosphere ) da CLASS ( Kanada Land Surface Scheme ) na samun ci gaba. 

Dabarar tana ci gaba zuwa tsarin haɗe-haɗe da haɗe-haɗen bayanai, wanda a zuciyarsa ya ta'allaka ne da ƙirar ƙira mai ma'ana ɗaya da ma'auni.

## Amfani
Fitowa daga samfuran hasashen Kanada kamar GEM yana ƙarƙashin haƙƙin mallaka na kambi na Kanada amma ana bayar da shi ƙarƙashin lasisin kyauta idan an danganta shi da muhalli Kanada yadda ya kamata .  Shafukan da ba na hukuma ba don haka suna sake rarraba bayanan GEM, gami da GDPS da GEPS.

## Manazarta