Amr ibn Ubayd

Amr Ibn Ubayd ibn Bāb (Larabci: عمرو بن عبيد بن باب, ya rasu a shekara ta 761) yana daga cikin jagorori na farko a cikin yunkurin tauhidi na "masu hankali" na Mu'tazilis, a zahiri 'wadanda suka janye kansu' - wanda Wasil ibn Ata ya kafa (ya rasu a shekara ta 749). Daga zuriyar Iran, [1] ya kasance dalibin shahararren malamin tauhidi na farko Hasan al-Basri, kuma ya jagoranci Mutazilis a farkon shekarun khalifancin Abbasiyawa. Gabaɗaya ya bi tsarin siyasa mai natsuwa ga tsarin siyasar Abbasiyawa[2].

## Rayuwa
An kama kakansa lokacin da Musulmai suka ci Kabul a karkashin Abd Allah ibn Samora a cikin 663 kuma a cikin 665. Mahaifin Amr ya yi aiki a matsayin sajan a karkashin al-Hajjaj, amma ta hanyar sana'a ya kasance mai saƙa; Amr ya koyi irin wannan sana'a kuma ta haka ne ya fara saduwa da Wasil ibn Ata. Dangantakarsu ta kusa ta tabbatar da gaskiyar cewa Wasil ya auri 'yar'uwarsa. A fannin koyarwa, suna da rashin jituwa a farkon; An ce Wasil ya canza Amr zuwa ra'ayinsa na Mu'tazilite a cikin dogon tattaunawa. Fiye da Wasil, Amr ya kasance cikin ƙungiyar almajirai na kusa da Hasan al-Basri, wanda ya watsa *[[Tafsiri|Tafsir]]*.

### Rashin amincewa da Rahotanni na Ahaad
An san Amr bin Ubayd da kasancewa mai sukar Hadisi. Ya yarda da rahotanni na Mutawatir ne kawai kuma ya musanta labaran Ahaad.

Labaransa, wasu daga cikinsu sun hada da Hasan al-Basri, an ƙi su kuma ana kallon su a matsayin ƙirƙira (Bid'ah). Manyan malaman addinin Musulunci sun tabbatar da wannan, wasu daga cikinsu sune:  ibn Ma'in, Al-Nasa'i, Naim ibn Hammad da sauransu. Kuma daga wasu littattafan ahidi kamar Kitâbu'l-Mecrûhîn " inda Hammad bin Zayd ya yi magana game da yadda Amr ibn Ubayd ya yi ƙarya, Hammad ibn Salamah ya ce Amr ibn ubayd ya kasance yana yin ƙarya a kan Hasan al-Basri, Abu Dawud al-Sistani ya ba da rahoton cewa Amr ibnUbayd ya zama ƙarya kuma ya zama ƙarya.

### Mu'tazila
A cewar masu koyar da addinin Musulmi, mambobin ƙungiyar sun bi ka'idoji biyar, waɗanda Abu al-Hudhayl ya bayyana a karon farko. Wadannan sune: (1) hadin kan Allah; (2) Adalci na Allah; (3) alkawari da barazana; (4) matsayi na tsakiya; da kuma (5) umurnin nagarta da hana mugunta (*al-amr bil ma'ruf wa al-nahy 'an al munkar*). An ce lokacin da aka tambayi Hasan al-Basri game da matsayin Musulmi wanda ya aikata zunubi mai tsanani, ɗalibinsa Wasil bin 'Ata' ya ce irin wannan mutumin ba mai bi ko marar imani ba ne, amma yana da matsayi na tsakanta. Hasan bai gamsu ba kuma ya ce, 'Ya janye daga gare mu (*I'tazila 'anna*) ', inda Wasil ya janye daga ƙungiyarsa kuma ya fara yada koyarwarsa. An yi tambaya game da tarihin wannan labarin a kan cewa akwai bambance-bambance da yawa: bisa ga wani juyi mutumin da ya janye shi ne Amr ibn Ubayd, kuma bisa ga wani gagarumin hutu ya zo a lokacin magajin Hasan Qatada ibn De'ama. Bugu da ƙari, abin lura ne cewa aƙalla wani memba mai tasiri na makarantar Basra, Abu Bakr al-Asamm, ya ƙi ra'ayin matsayi na tsakiya kuma ya yi jayayya cewa mai zunubi mai girma ya kasance mai bi saboda shaidar bangaskiya da ayyukansa masu kyau na baya. Wannan kuma ra'ayi ne na Ash'arites.

Bayan rasuwar maigidansa, da alama ya yi gwagwarmaya da Qatada ibn De'ama (ya mutu 735) don jagorancin makarantar. Gaskiyar cewa ya rasa wannan gasa na iya bayyana, har zuwa wani mataki, dalilin da ya sa ya zama Mu'tazilte kuma ya kirkiro da'irar kansa. Da alama kusan tabbas cewa Amr bai fara taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ƙungiyar Mu'tazilite ba har sai bayan mutuwar Wasil a cikin 749. A cikin kimanin 759 dole ne ya tattauna, a matsayin dattijo na Mu'tazilities, tare da Khalifa al-Mansur game da halin mabiyansa ga Nafs az-Zakiya, wanda ya fara farfaganda don dalilin Alids a Iraki. Kodayake akwai tausayi mai karfi ga Nafs al-Zakiya a cikin Mu'tazilities (watakila ba saboda mambobin ƙungiyar sun yi imani da 'Alid mai kama da Mahdi na gaskiya, amma saboda takaici da mulkin Abbasid), Amr ibn Ubayd ya sami nasarar kasancewa tsaka-tsaki. Ya mutu kafin barkewar tawaye na Nafs al'Zakiya. 

## Dubi kuma

* Amr (sunan) 
* Obaidullah (disambiguation) 

## Manazarta