Karen Steel

**Karen Penelope Steel** FRS FMedSci  masanin kimiyya ne na Burtaniya wanda ke nazarin kwayoyin halitta na kurma, ta amfani da linzamin kwamfuta a matsayin abin koyi don gano kwayoyin halitta da ke ciki da kuma fahimtar hanyoyin kwayoyin halitta, salula da na jiki. Ita Farfesa ce ta Ayyukan Jin a Cibiyar Wolfson don Cututtukan da suka danganci Shekaru, Kwalejin King ta London. A baya ta kasance Babban Mai Bincike na Shirin Bincike Na Kurma a Cibiyar Wellcome Trust Sanger . 

Tana da muhimmiyar rawa a cikin hadin gwiwar da ta gano Myo7a, kwayar halitta ta farko da za a haɗa da kurma a cikin beraye da mutane. Kwanan nan, ta jagoranci binciken Mir-96 microRNA wanda ke da alaƙa da ci gaba da asarar ji a cikin beraye da mutane.

Tare da Farfesa Christine Petit, Steel ta lashe kyautar Royal Society Brain Prize 2012, don aikin farko a kan kwayar halitta na ji da kurma. 

## Rayuwa ta farko
A farkon shekarunta na ilimi, Steel tana da sha'awar karatun Turanci. Farkon bayyanarta ga ilmin halitta, da kuma abin da ya karfafa hanyar aikinta na kimiyyar halitta, ya kasance a aji na shida. Steel ta sami damar jin Dorothy Hodgkin tana magana a Jami'ar Bristol game da insulin, tana nuna karo na farko da ta sadu da mace a kimiyya. Wannan gogewa ta rinjayi sha'awarta wajen nazarin kwayoyin halitta.[1]

## Ilimi
Steel ta sami digiri na farko daga Jami'ar Leeds . Daga nan ta sami digirinta na PhD daga Kwalejin Jami'ar London don aikin bincikenta a cikin kunne na ciki a cikin wasu magungunan kurma. Ta kafa shirin bincike na kwayoyin halitta da kurma a sabuwar Cibiyar Nazarin Jiwa ta MRC a Nottingham. Bayan karatun postdoc na biyu a Munich, ta koma Nottingham don jagorantar binciken kwayar halitta.

## Bincike
Karfe yana nazarin kwayoyin halitta a bayan kurma, galibi yana mai da hankali kan kwayoyin halitta na beraye don gano kwayoyin halitta da ke ciki da kuma ci gaba da fahimtar kwayoyin halitta, sel da hanyoyin ilimin lissafi da ke tattare da kurma. Wannan ya haifar da Karfe yana haɓaka dabarar tantancewa, tsarin rarrabawa, wanda ya ba da damar halayyar beraye masu canzawa waɗanda ke da batutuwan ji da rashin daidaituwa. Wannan ya haifar da ikon ganowa da kuma nuna takamaiman kwayoyin halitta da ke cikin waɗannan batutuwan, tare da waɗannan batutuwar da aka haifar da canje-canjen ƙwayoyin gashi ko sassan ji. Shirin kwayar halitta na karfe ya haɗa da buga kwayoyin halitta daban-daban da ba a yi nazari sosai ba da kuma lura da ko waɗannan kwayoyin suna da mahimmanci ko marasa mahimmanci a cikin jin linzamin kwamfuta. Karfe da ƙungiyar bincikenta sun buga kwatancin phenotypic na fiye da 80 daban-daban linzamin kwamfuta. A halin yanzu, bincikenta yana mai da hankali kan ci gaba da asarar ayyukan ji wanda take amfani da samfuran linzamin kwamfuta don tsara jadawalin lokacin asarar ji a cikin mutane. Har ila yau, tana neman takamaiman kwayoyin halitta waɗanda aka sani suna ba da gudummawa da haifar da asarar ji, suna ba ta damar yin niyya ga kwayoyin halitta da za a iya yin niyya a cikin jiyya don asarar ji. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2014, Steel da tawagarta sun sami kwayoyin halitta da ke da hannu a cikin asarar ji kuma sun ci gaba da gano hanyoyi daban-daban da waɗannan kwayoyin halitta ke cikin su.

## Kyaututtuka da girmamawa

* Mai karɓar kyautar Kresge-Mirmelstein don ƙwarewa a binciken ji, New Orleans, 1998
* An zabe shi Fellow na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kiwon Lafiya, London, 2004
* Zaɓaɓɓen memba na Majalisar Ƙungiyar Bincike a cikin Otolaryngology (2004-2008) 
* Zababben Shugaban Ƙungiyar Kwayoyin Kwayoyin Kwayar Kwayar Kwalejin Kwalejin Duniya (2007-2012) 
* Edith Whetnall malami, Sashen Otology na Royal Society of Medicine, London, 2008
* An zabe shi Fellow na Royal Society, London, 2009
* Grete Lundbeck Kyautar Binciken Zuciya ta Turai, 2012
* Kyautar Kyauta, Ƙungiyar Bincike a cikin Otolaryngology, da za a gabatar a Baltimore, Fabrairu 2013 

Asteroid 24734 Kareness an sanya masa suna ne bayan Karfe ta mai gano shi, ɗan'uwan Karfe.

## Manazarta