Genevieve

**Genevieve** ( French:   ; Latin   ;   da *Genofeva* ;   419/422 AD – 502/512 AD) budurwa ce mai tsarki, kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin waliyyai biyu na Paris a Cocin Katolika da Cocin Orthodox na Gabas . Ranar bikinta ita ce ranar 3 ga Janairu.

An san ta da ibadar addini tun tana ƙarama, ta haɗu da Germanus na Auxerre da Lupus na Troyes tun tana ƙarama kuma ta sadaukar da kanta ga rayuwar budurwa. Mu'ujizai da warkarwa sun fara faruwa a kusa da ita tun tana ƙarama kuma ta shahara da canza yanayi. Ta ƙaura daga Nanterre, garinsu, zuwa Paris, bayan iyayenta sun mutu kuma ta zama sananne saboda ibadarta, warkarwa, da mu'ujizai, kodayake mazauna Paris sun ƙi ta kuma da sun kashe ta idan ba don tsoma bakin Germanus ba. Addu'arta ta ceci Paris daga halaka ta hannun Huns a ƙarƙashin Attila a shekara ta 451 da sauran yaƙe-yaƙe (ana buƙatar ambato); an kira ta da tsarin mata na birnin "marathon addu'a" da kuma "fitaccen aikin Genevieve". [1] Ta shiga cikin manyan ayyukan gini guda biyu a Paris, wani basilica don girmama Saint Denis na Paris a shekara ta 475 da kuma Basilica na Manzanni Masu Tsarki, wanda aka keɓe wa Saint Peter da Saint Paul c. 500 .

An san ta a matsayin waliyyin birnin Paris a ƙarni na 14. Ta kasance "wadda mazauna mafi ƙasƙanci da kuma dangin Bourbon suka fi so, kuma Erasmus da matan masunta masu juyin juya hali suka girmama ta"  kuma an ɗauke ta a matsayin "alama ta al'adu wadda 'yan Paris suka raba, suka ware, suka yi shawarwari, kuma suka yi amfani da ita bisa ga takamaiman zato da al'adun gargajiya". 

An yi wa Genevieve kira a bainar jama'a a lokacin gaggawa da suka shafi buƙatu da tsammanin mazauna birnin Paris sau 153 tsakanin 885 da Oktoba 1791, tun daga addu'o'i da jerin gwano da aka yi ba zato ba tsammani da waɗanda ba a saba da su ba tare da tarihinta a zamanin Tsakiyar Zamani zuwa waɗanda aka yi wa ado sosai kafin a bayyana kayan tarihinta a shekarun da suka gabaci juyin juya halin Faransa . Yayin da lokaci da yanayi suka canza a birnin Paris, haka nan hanyoyin da aka kira Genevieve da kuma sarrafa su suka yi. Yayin da sabbin bala'o'i ke barazana ga birnin kuma ana buƙatar sabbin addu'o'i a gare ta, ana buƙatar sabbin alaƙa, hotuna, da misalai. Ibada a gare ta ta kasance sananne a tsawon tarihin birnin Paris, kodayake sadaukarwa a gare ta bai taɓa komawa ga shahararta ta kafin juyin juya hali da matsayinta na haɗin kai ba.

## Rayuwa

### Rayuwar farko
An haifi Genevieve  a Nanterre, Faransa, ƙaramin ƙauye kusan  yammacin Paris, zuwa Severus da Gerontia, waɗanda suka fito daga Jamusanci ko wataƙila 'yan asalin Faransa .   Kyandir yana ɗaya daga cikin halayenta da ta fi shahara; wani lokacin ana nuna ta tare da shaidan, wanda aka ce ya hura kyandir ɗinta lokacin da take addu'a da daddare. 

Genevieve ta bayyana a cikin  ; *rayuwarta* ta bayyana ƙarnuka da yawa bayan mutuwarta,  kodayake mai zane-zane Donald Attwater ya bayyana cewa *rayuwarta* ta yi iƙirarin cewa wani tsohon Genevieve ne ya rubuta ta kuma "Asalinta da darajarta sune batun tattaunawa mai yawa".  A cewar masanin tarihi Moshe Sluhovsky, an rubuta *Vita of Sainte Geneviève* jim kaɗan bayan mutuwarta, a ƙarshen shekarun 500 kuma an gina ta ne bisa ga *rayuwar* Martin of Tours .   A shekara ta 1310, an buga bugun farko na *rayuwarta* na Faransanci; a shekara ta 1367, an buga fassarar Faransanci ta farko.  Kamar yadda David Farmer ya faɗa, "ba a san komai game da ita ba da tabbas, amma bautarta ta bunƙasa a kan alfahari da farar hula da ƙasa". 

Duk da cewa al'adar gargajiya tana wakiltar iyayen Genevieve a matsayin talakawan manoma,  sunayensu, waɗanda suka zama ruwan dare a tsakanin manyan sarakunan Gallo-Roman, ana ɗaukar su a matsayin shaida cewa an haife ta a cikin manyan ajin Gallic. An san ta da ibadar addini tun tana ƙarama.   Lokacin da Genevieve ke da shekaru bakwai (  ), Germanus na Auxerre da Lupus na Troyes sun tsaya a Nanterre a kan hanyarsu ta zuwa Birtaniya daga Gaul don kawo ƙarshen karkatacciyar koyarwar Pelagian .   Germanus ta ga Genevieve a cikin taron mutanen ƙauye waɗanda suka taru don saduwa da kuma samun albarkar Germanus da Lupus kuma suka lura da tunani da ibadarta. Bayan ta yi magana da ita kuma ta ƙarfafa ta "ta dage kan tafarkin nagarta",  Germanus ta yi hira da iyayenta kuma ta gaya musu cewa za ta "zama babba a gaban Ubangiji"  kuma ta hanyar misalinta, za ta jagoranci da kuma koyar da budurwai da yawa masu tsarki .   Kamar yadda Sluhovsky ya faɗa, "Mu'ujizai suna nuna ƙaramar yarinya a matsayin amaryar Kristi sun biyo baya".  Genevieve ta gaya wa Germanus cewa tana son bin Allah; bisa ga *rayuwarta*, Germanus ta tabbatar da sha'awarta ta zama budurwa mai tsarki, ta cire tsabar kuɗi daga ƙasa, kuma ta umarce ta da a yi mata sarka daga ciki don tunatar da ita game da haɗuwarsu.  

A cewar Katolika Encyclopedia, Germanus ya ba Genevieve lambar yabo da aka sassaka da giciye kuma ya umarce ta da ta saka ta maimakon lu'u-lu'u da kayan ado na zinariya don taimaka mata ta tuna da sadaukarwarta ga Almasihu. [1] Katolika Encyclopedia ya kuma ce tunda babu gidajen ibada kusa da Nanterre, ta "zauna a gida, tana rayuwa mai tsarki da addu'a"; [1] a cewar masanin tarihi Jo Ann McNamara, Germanus ya yi wa Genevieve wahayi ta sadaukar da rayuwarta da budurcinta ga hidimar Allah, wanda ba a iyakance ga wata doka ko salon rayuwar sufaye ba . [2] Ba a san lokacin da Genevieve ta sami tsarkakewar budurwoyi ba; wasu majiyoyi sun ce ta sami mayafinta daga Paparoma Gregory na I, yayin da wasu suka ce ita, tare da abokanta biyu, ta karɓe su daga Bishop na Paris lokacin tana da shekaru 15. [3] [1] [1] Sluhovsky ya ce an tsarkake Genevieve c. 437 [1]

*Labarin rayuwar* Genevieve ya ba da labarin yadda aka yi wa mahaifiyarta makauniya bayan da ta hana Genevieve zuwa coci a ranar biki. Bayan kusan shekaru biyu, Genevieve ta fahimci cewa ita ce dalilin makantar mahaifiyarta; bayan da mahaifiyarta ta nemi ta samo mata ruwa daga wata rijiya da ke kusa, sai ta mayar wa mahaifiyarta ganinta da shi.  A cewar Sluhovsky, mu'ujizar ta tabbatar da tsarkin Genevieve kuma daga baya iyalanta suka ba da damar a kawo ta tare da 'yan mata biyu a gaban bishop don a tsarkake ta a matsayin budurwai. Bishop ya albarkace ta kafin sauran 'yan matan duk da cewa ita ce ƙarama. Sluhovsky ya kira warkarwar mahaifiyarta mu'ujiza ta farko da ta shafi ruwa da ke da alaƙa da Genevieve,  wacce aka kira don kare Paris daga ambaliyar ruwa ƙarnuka bayan mutuwarta.  Rijiyar Nanterre wuri ne da aka fi sani da bautawa har zuwa ƙarni na 15. A ƙarni na 16, mu'ujizai da yawa sun faru a wurin kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren ibada a Ile-de-France .

A shekarun 1700, ana yin aikin hajji na shekara-shekara zuwa Nanterre ranar Lahadi ta farko bayan Ista, kuma yawancin baƙi a rijiyar sun kasance membobin gidan sarautar Faransa.  Misali, Anne ta Austria ta yi "addini na musamman"  ga Genevieve kuma tana yin aikin hajji na shekara-shekara a ranar 3 ga Janairu, ranar bikin Genevieve, zuwa rijiyar da ke Nanterre da kuma yin addu'a don haihuwar magaji namiji. Bayan an haifi ɗan Anne, ta ziyarci Nanterre don gode wa Genevieve kuma a cikin 1642, ta ba da gudummawar ginshiƙin sabon makarantar hauza a can.  A cewar Sluhovsky, wasu maɓuɓɓugan ruwa da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa suna da alaƙa da Genevieve kuma an danganta su da ikon warkarwa, gami da zazzabi mai zafi, zuwa farkon zamanin zamani .  A cikin 1599, likitan Switzerland kuma marubuci Thomas Platter ya rubuta wani mu'ujizar ruwa ta baya: lokacin da Genevieve har yanzu tana makaranta, gada ta bayyana a kan ramin da aka cika da ruwa, sannan ta ɓace bayan ta ketare shi. Platter ya yi jayayya cewa wannan mu'ujiza ce dalilin da ya sa mazauna birnin Paris suka danganta Genevieve da ikon canza yanayi. 

### Daga baya rayuwa da mutuwa
Bayan mutuwar iyayenta, Genevieve ta tafi ta zauna tare da uwar gidanta a Paris, tana mai da hankali kan addu'o'i da ayyukan sadaka. Ta shanye sosai kuma kusan ta mutu; bayan ta warke, ta ba da rahoton cewa ta ga wahayi na sama.    A birnin Paris, an yaba mata saboda ibadarta da sadaukarwarta ga ayyukan sadaka, kuma ta yi azumi, "matsanancin matsin lamba na jiki",  da kuma lalata jiki, wanda ya haɗa da kaurace wa nama da karya azuminta sau biyu kawai a mako. Ta yi azumi, tsakanin shekaru 15 zuwa 50, daga Lahadi zuwa Alhamis da kuma daga Alhamis zuwa Lahadi; abincinta ya ƙunshi wake da burodi na sha'ir, kuma ba ta taɓa shan barasa ba. Bayan ta cika shekaru 50 kuma bisa ga umarnin bishop ɗinta, ta ƙara kifi da madara a cikin abincinta.   Ta kasance mai tsaro a kowace Asabar da dare, "tana bin koyarwar Ubangiji game da bawan da ke jiran dawowar maigidan daga bikin aure". 

Maƙwabtan Genevieve, "cike da kishi da hassada",  sun zarge ta a cikin 445 ko 446 da cewa munafuki ne kuma mai ruɗi, kuma cewa wahayi da annabce-annabcenta maguɗi ne.   Sluhovsky ta ce Genevieve "ta sami baiwar allahntaka ta karanta tunanin mutane", wanda hakan ya ɓata wa mazauna Paris da yawa rai.  Sluhovsky ta kuma ce adawa da ita ta faru ne saboda ta yi barazana ga tsarin maza a Paris, don haka tana buƙatar goyon baya da amincewa daga hukumomin maza da aka kafa, waɗanda ta samu daga Germanus, Simeon Stylites, da Clovis I.  Maƙiyanta sun yi niyyar nutsar da ita, amma Germanus ta sake ziyartar Paris kuma ta kare ta, kodayake hare-haren sun ci gaba.   Bishop na Paris ya naɗa ta don kula da sauran budurwai masu tsarki; "ta hanyar koyarwarta da misalinta ta kai su ga babban tsarki." 

## Manazarta