Yanayin ƙasar Honduras

**Honduras** ƙasa ce a Amurka ta tsakiya . Honduras tana da iyaka da Tekun Caribbean da Tekun Arewacin Pacific. Guatemala tana yamma, Nicaragua kudu maso gabas da El Salvador kudu maso yamma. Honduras ita ce jamhuriya ta biyu mafi girma a Amurka ta tsakiya, tare da jimlar yanki na  kilomita 112,777 (43,543 sq .

Honduras tana da iyakar tekun Caribbean mai nisan kilomita 700 (430-mile) wanda ya kai daga bakin Río Motagua a yamma zuwa bakin Río Coco a gabas, a Cape Gracias a Dios .  ] Yankin kudu maso girman 922 km (573 mi) iyakar ƙasa ce da Nicaragua .   Ya bi Río Coco kusa da Tekun Caribbean sannan ya canza zuwa kudu maso yamma ta hanyar tsaunuka zuwa Tekun Fonseca a Tekun Pacific .  [1] filin triangle yana da iyakar kilomita 153 km (95 mi) (95 a kan Gulf Fonseca, wanda ke bugunwa zuwa Tekun Pacific.

## Yanayin ƙasa

Honduras tana da yankuna uku daban-daban: babban yanki mai tsawo na ciki da ƙananan ƙasashe biyu na bakin teku. Cikin ciki, wanda ya zama kusan kashi 80 cikin 100 na ƙasar, yana da tsaunuka. Mafi girma Caribbean lowlands a arewa da Pacific lowlands iyaka da Gulf of Fonseca suna da halaye da alluvial filayen.

### Yankunan cikin gida
Yankunan tsaunuka na ciki sune shahararren fasalin yanayin Honduras. Wannan yankin dutse ya kai kusan 80% na yankin ƙasar, kuma gida ne ga mafi yawan jama'a. Saboda tsaunuka masu tsawo sun sanya ƙasar da wuya a ratsa kuma da wuya a noma, wannan yanki bai sami ci gaba sosai ba. Ƙasa a nan matalauta ce: Honduras ba ta da wadataccen toka na dutsen wuta da aka samu a wasu ƙasashen Amurka ta tsakiya. Har zuwa farkon karni na 20, tattalin arzikin tsaunuka ya kunshi hakar ma'adinai da dabbobi.

A yamma, tsaunukan Honduras sun haɗu da tsaunukan Guatemala. Duwatsun yamma suna da tsaunuka mafi girma, tare da Pico Congolón a tsawo na mita 2,500 (8,202  da Cerro Las Minas a   .  Yankin Honduras da El Salvador ya haye saman Cerro El Pital, mafi girman matsayi a El Salvador a sama da   .  Wadannan duwatsu sune gandun daji da aka rufe da yawancin gandun daji.

A gabas, duwatsu sun haɗu da waɗanda ke Nicaragua. Kodayake gabaɗaya ba su da tsaunuka kamar iyakar Guatemala, kewayon gabas suna da wasu tsaunuka masu tsawo, kamar Montaña de la Flor a   , El Boquerón (Monte El Boqueron) a   , da Pepe Bonito a   . 

Ɗaya daga cikin fitattun abubuwan da ke cikin tsaunuka na ciki shine damuwa da ke gudana daga Tekun Caribbean zuwa Gulf of Fonseca.[1]  Wannan ɓacin rai ya raba igiyoyin ƙasar zuwa gabas da yamma kuma yana ba da hanyar sufuri mai sauƙi a kan isthmus.[1]  Mafi fadi a ƙarshen arewa kusa da San Pedro Sula, baƙin ciki yana raguwa yayin da yake biye da babbar hanyar Río Humuya.. 

An warwatsa su a ko'ina cikin tsaunuka masu tsawo na ciki akwai kwari masu yawa, a mita 300 zuwa 900 (980 zuwa 2,950  a tsawo, wanda ya bambanta da girman. Gidajen manyan kwari suna samar da isasshen ciyawa, shrubs, da busassun gandun daji don tallafawa dabbobi kuma, a wasu lokuta, aikin gona na kasuwanci. An sake yin aikin gona a kan gangaren kwarin, tare da iyakokin ƙananan mallakar, fasahar farko, da ƙarancin yawan aiki wanda a al'adance ke tare da noman dutse. Ƙauyuka da garuruwa, gami da babban birnin, Tegucigalpa, suna cikin manyan kwari.

Shuke-shuke a cikin tsaunuka na ciki sun bambanta. Yawancin tsaunuka na yamma, kudu, da tsakiya suna da gandun daji; suna tallafawa gandun daji mai laushi tare da wasu itacen oak, scrub, da kuma ciyawa. Yankunan da ke gabashin su ne yankuna masu ci gaba da kasancewa da gandun daji mai zurfi. A kusa da tsaunuka mafi girma, ana samun ragowar gandun daji mai yawa wanda a baya ya rufe yawancin yankin.

### Yankunan Caribbean
Wannan yanki na kwarin kogi da filayen bakin teku, wanda yawancin Honduras ke kira "kudancin arewa," ko kuma kawai "kudanar bakin teku," a al'adance shine yankin da aka fi amfani da shi a Honduras. Tsakiyar yankin Caribbean lowlands, gabashin La Ceiba, wani karamin fili ne na bakin teku wanda ke da nisan kilomita kaɗan.

a gabas, kusa da iyakar Nicaragua, rairayin bakin teku na Caribbean suna fadada zuwa wani yanki mai faɗi da ake kira La Mosquitia.[1]  Ba kamar yammacin yankin Caribbean ba, sauro shine yanki mafi ƙarancin ci gaba a Honduras.  Ƙasar da ba ta da yawan jama'a kuma ta bambanta da sauran al'adu, yankin ya ƙunshi savannah na cikin gida tare da fadama da mangrove kusa da bakin teku.

A gabas, kusa da iyakar Nicaragua, rairayin bakin teku na Caribbean suna fadada zuwa wani yanki mai faɗi da ake kira La Mosquitia.[1]  Ba kamar yammacin yankin Caribbean ba, sauro shine yanki mafi ƙarancin ci gaba a Honduras.[1]  Ƙasar da ba ta da yawan jama'a kuma ta bambanta da al'ada daga sauran ƙasar, yankin ya ƙunshi savannah na cikin gida tare da fadama da mangrove kusa da bakin teku.[1]  A lokacin da aka yi ruwan sama mai yawa, yawancin yankin savannah yana rufe da ruwa mara zurfi, wanda ke yin jigilar kayayyaki ta hanyoyi daban-daban banda kwale-kwalen da ba shi da zurfi.

Fiye da *manoma* 46 daga kwarin Aguán, a arewa maso gabashin Honduras, an kashe su ko kuma sun ɓace tun bayan juyin mulkin 2009. A cikin shekarun 1970s, manufofin gwamnati sun karfafa hadin gwiwar noma da kungiyoyi don kafa kansu a cikin yankin da ba shi da yawan jama'a, amma bayan 1992 manufofin gwamnati suka goyi bayan masu zaman kansu. Daya daga cikin manyan masu cin gajiyar sabuwar manufofin kuma daya daga cikin maza masu arziki a Honduras, Miguel Facussé, ya mallaki kimanin kadada 22,000 (ha 8,900) a cikin ƙananan Aguán, wanda ya dasa a cikin dabino na Afirka don kasuwancin Man dabino.

### Yankunan Pacific
Ƙananan yankin ƙasa na Honduras, ƙasashen Pacific, yanki ne mai faɗin kilomita ashirin da biyar (16  a arewacin Tekun Fonseca .  Ƙasar tana da faɗi, tana zama maras kyau a kusa da gabar gulf, kuma galibi tana kunshe da ƙasa mai laushi da aka wanke daga duwatsu. Kogin bai da zurfi kuma ruwa yana da wadataccen kifi da mollusks. Mangroves a gefen gabar suna yin shrimp da shellfish musamman da yawa ta hanyar samar da wurare masu aminci da yawa a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar su na tushen ruwa.

Tsibirin da yawa a cikin gulf sun fada ƙarƙashin ikon Honduras. Biyu mafi girma, Zacate Grande da El Tigre, tsaunuka ne masu fashewa, wani ɓangare na jerin tsaunuka masu fashewar wuta da ke gudana tare da gabar tekun Pacific na Amurka ta Tsakiya. Dukkanin tsibirai suna da ƙwayoyin dutsen wuta sama da  m (2,300  a tsawo wanda ke aiki a matsayin alamomi ga jiragen da ke shiga cikin Pacific na Honduras.

### Tsibirin

Honduras tana sarrafa tsibirai da yawa a matsayin wani ɓangare na yankunan da ke bakin teku. A cikin Tekun Caribbean, tsibirin Roatán (Isla de Roatán), Utila, da Guanaja tare sun kafa Islas de la Bahía (Bay Islands), ɗaya daga cikin sassan goma sha takwas da aka raba Honduras. Roatán, mafi girma daga cikin tsibirai uku, yana da   .  Tsibirin Islas de la Bahía kuma yana da ƙananan tsibirai da yawa, daga cikinsu tsibirin Barbareta (Isla Barbareta), Santa Elena (Isla Santa Elena), da Morat (Isla Morat). 

Da ke nesa a cikin Caribbean akwai Islas Santanillas, wanda aka fi sani da Swan Islands. Ana iya samun ƙananan tsibirai da makullin da ke kusa, daga cikinsu Cayos Zapotillos da Cayos Cochinos .  A cikin Tekun Fonseca, manyan tsibirai a ƙarƙashin ikon Honduras sune El Tigre, Zacate Grande (Isla Zacate Grande), da Exposición (Isla Exposición). 
Fayil:Playas_de_el_porvenir.JPG|Beach at the village of Juan López
Fayil:Sierra_del_Merendon_en_Honduras_2.jpg|The Merendón range seen from the vantage point located above the "Olimpo merendónico" in San Pedro Sula
Fayil:HN049Du-sAB_DistTownVu.jpg|A river in Honduras
Fayil:Guayape_Boqueron.JPG|The Rio Guayape near Esquilinchuche, facing El Boqueron in the Sierra de Agalta


Honduras tana da yanayi na wurare masu zafi da yanayi mai sanyi a cikin tsaunuka.

Nau'ikan yanayi na kowane yanki uku sun bambanta. Yankunan Caribbean suna da yanayin zafi mai zafi tare da yanayin zafi da zafi, da ruwan sama daidai da aka rarraba a ko'ina cikin shekara. Yankunan Pacific suna da yanayin zafi mai laushi da bushewa tare da yanayin zafi amma lokacin fari na musamman daga Nuwamba zuwa Afrilu. Yankunan tsaunuka na ciki suna da lokacin fari na musamman, amma, kamar yadda yake da yanayin yanayin tsaunuka masu zafi, yanayin zafi a wannan yankin yana raguwa yayin da tsawo ke ƙaruwa.

Ba kamar a cikin latitudes na arewa ba, yanayin zafi a cikin wurare masu zafi ya bambanta da farko tare da tsawo maimakon tare da kakar. Ƙasar da ke ƙasa da mita 1,000 (3,281  an fi sani da tierra caliente (*ƙasa mai zafi*), tsakanin 1,000 da    a matsayin tierra templada (ƙasa ta matsakaici), kuma sama da 2,000  ft), a matsayin tierra fría (ƙasa sanyi).  Dukkanin ƙasashen Caribbean da Pacific sune tierra caliente, tare da matsakaicin rana tsakanin 28 da 32 ° C (82.4 da 89.6 ° F) a duk shekara.

A cikin ƙasashen Pacific, Afrilu, watan ƙarshe na lokacin fari, yana kawo yanayin zafi mafi zafi; lokacin ruwan sama yana da ɗan sanyi, kodayake zafi mafi girma a lokacin ruwan sama ya sa waɗannan watanni su ji daɗi. A cikin ƙasashen Caribbean, sauƙin kawai daga zafi da zafi na shekara-shekara ya zo a lokacin Disamba ko Janairu lokacin da wani sanyi mai ƙarfi daga *arewa* (a norte) ya kawo kwanaki da yawa na iskar arewa maso yamma da ɗan sanyi.

Yankunan da ke ciki sun fito ne daga tierra templada zuwa tierra fría . Tegucigalpa, a cikin kwarin da aka kare kuma a tsawo na   , yana da yanayi mai kyau, tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki daga  ° C (86 ° F) a watan Afrilu, watan da ya fi zafi, zuwa  ° C (77 ° F) da ya fi sanyi.  Sama da mita 2,000 (6,562 , yanayin zafi na iya faɗuwa zuwa kusa da daskarewa da dare, kuma sanyi wani lokacin yakan faru.

Ruwan sama yana faɗo duk shekara a cikin rairayin bakin teku na Caribbean amma yanayi ne a duk sauran ƙasar.  Adadi suna da yawa a bakin tekun arewa, musamman a cikin Sauro, inda matsakaicin ruwan sama ya kai milimita 2,400 (94.5 in).[1]  Kusa da San Pedro Sula, adadin ya ragu kaɗan daga Nuwamba zuwa Afrilu, amma kowane wata har yanzu yana da hazo mai yawa.[1]  Tsaunuka na ciki da rairayin bakin teku na Pacific suna da lokacin rani, wanda aka sani a gida da "rani," daga Nuwamba zuwa Afrilu.[1]  Kusan duk ruwan sama a waɗannan yankuna yana faɗi a lokacin “hunturu,” daga Mayu zuwa Satumba.[1]  Jimlar adadin shekara-shekara ya dogara da yanayin yanayin da ke kewaye;  Tegucigalpa, a cikin kwarin da aka tsare, yana da matsakaicin 1,000 mm (39.4 in) na hazo

### Guguwa
Honduras tana cikin belin guguwa, kuma bakin tekun Caribbean yana da matukar damuwa ga guguwa ko guguwa na wurare masu zafi da ke tafiya cikin ƙasa daga Caribbean. Guguwar Francelia a cikin 1969 da Guguwar Tropical Aletta a cikin 1982 sun shafi dubban mutane kuma sun haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga amfanin gona. Guguwar Fifi a shekara ta 1974 ta kashe fiye da 8,000 kuma ta lalata kusan dukkanin amfanin ayaba.

Babban ruwan sama ya sa koguna da yawa a kasar su cika "har zuwa matakin da ba a taɓa gani ba a wannan karni", kamar yadda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta bayyana. Ruwan ƙasa guda biyu sun haifar da mummunar lalacewa a kusa da Tegucigalpa. Guguwar Mitch ta haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga Honduras, ta shafi kusan dukkanin jama'a kuma ta haifar da lalacewa a duk sassan 18. Hukumar Tattalin Arziki ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Latin Amurka da Caribbean ta kiyasta cewa Mitch ya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa mafi muni a karni na 20 a kasar. A ko'ina cikin Amurka ta tsakiya, Mitch ya yi ikirarin fiye da rayuka 11,000, tare da dubban wasu da suka ɓace.

Guguwa a wasu lokuta suna tasowa a kan Pacific kuma suna motsawa zuwa arewa don shafar kudancin Honduras, amma guguwar Pacific gabaɗaya ba ta da tsanani kuma sauka da wuya.

A ranar 4 ga Satumba, 2007, Guguwar Felix ta fadi a Honduras da Nicaragua, a matsayin guguwa ta rukuni na 5. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2008, Guguwar Paloma, tare da ambaliyar ruwa ta Oktoba na shekara ta 2008 ta Amurka ta tsakiya, ta bar akalla mutane 60 da suka mutu kuma sama da 300,000 suna buƙatar taimako.