Yin fina-finai a mulkin mallaka na Najeriya

**Yin fina-finai a cikin mulkin mallaka na Najeriya** gabaɗaya yana nufin wani zamani a cikin fina-fakka na Najeriya, yawanci yana ƙunshe da shekarun 1900 zuwa shekarun 1950, lokacin da samar da fina-fallace da nune-nunen ko rarraba ke ƙarƙashin ikon Gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Burtaniya. Tarihin fina-finai a Najeriya ya samo asali ne tun farkon Tarihin fim da kansa; musamman a ƙarshen karni na 19, tare da amfani da kallon hotuna na na'urorin hoto. Ba da daɗewa ba aka maye gurbin waɗannan a farkon karni na 20 tare da ingantaccen na'urorin nune-nunen hoto, tare da saitin farko na fina-finai da aka nuna a Glover Memorial Hall a Legas daga 12 zuwa 22 ga Agusta 1903.

Masu shirya fina-finai sun fara samar da fina-fallace ga masu sauraro na cikin gida a cikin Najeriya tun daga shekarun 1920, galibi suna amfani da sinima mai tafi-da-gidanka a matsayin hanyar nune-nunen;  fim din farko da aka yi a Najeriya shine Palaver na 1926 wanda Geoffrey Barkas ya samar. Fim din kuma shine fim na farko da ya taba nuna 'yan wasan Najeriya a cikin rawar *[[Palaver (1926 fim)|Magana]]*  Gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta yi amfani da fina-finai a matsayin kayan aiki don yada manufofin Burtaniya, da kuma inganta farfagandar addini.

An kafa Sashin Fim na Najeriya a cikin 1949. A shekara ta 1954, motocin fina-finai na hannu sun buga wa akalla mutane miliyan 3.5 a Najeriya, kuma fina-fukkunan da aka samar da su ta hanyar Fim na Najeriya an nuna su kyauta a cikin fina-fakka na 44 da ke akwai. Fim na farko da aka ba da haƙƙin mallaka ga Ƙungiyar Fim ta Najeriya shine *[[Fincho]]* (1957) na Sam Zebba; wanda kuma shine fim na farko na Najeriya da za a harbe shi da launi. An kuma dauki fim din a matsayin fim na canji zuwa Zamanin Zinariya.

## Tarihi
Fim a matsayin matsakaici ya fara zuwa Najeriya a ƙarshen karni na 19, kallon na'urorin fim din motsi. Ba da daɗewa ba aka maye gurbin waɗannan a farkon karni na 20 tare da ingantaccen na'urorin baje kolin hoto; fina-finai na farko da aka nuna a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya fina-ffinai ne na Yamma, tare da fim na farko da ake nunawa a Glover Memorial Hall a Legas daga 12 zuwa 22 ga Agusta 1903. A wannan shekarar, Herbert Macaulay ya gayyaci Najeriya, *Balboa da Kamfanin*, Spain don shirya yawon shakatawa na fina-finai marasa sauti a Najeriya. Kodayake Mista Balboa daga baya ya rufe Nuninsa a Legas, yayin da ya ci gaba da nuna fina-finai a wasu ƙasashen Yammacin Afirka, nasarar baje kolinsa ta haifar da wani ɗan kasuwa na Turai, Stanley Jones, don fara nuna fina-filimu a cikin wannan Glover Memorial Hall, tun daga Nuwamba 1903. Wannan ya haifar da kwararar masu nuna fina-finai na Turai zuwa Najeriya.

Fim na farko da aka buga a wannan farkon lokacin ya zo ne a ranar 3 ga watan Agusta 1904, lokacin da aka nuna fim din game da ziyarar idan Abeokuta" id="mwZA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Alake of Abeokuta">Alake na Abeokuta zuwa Ingila. Abeokuta ita ce babban birnin Jihar Ogun . 

Masu shirya fina-finai sun fara samar da fina-fukkuna ga masu sauraro a cikin Najeriya tun daga shekarun 1920, galibi suna amfani da sinima mai tafi-da-gidanka a matsayin hanyar nune-nunen. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na farko, Gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta yi amfani da fina-finai a matsayin hanyar tara kudade don taimakon yaki da Red Cross. Gwamnati kuma tana da sha'awar samarwa da amfani da fina-finai na shirye-shirye don "wankewar da hankali ga mazauna da kuma yada manufofin Burtaniya". Ya zuwa 1921, akwai wasu dakuna huɗu da ke nuna fina-finai sau biyu a mako a Legas Mainland da kuma zauren daya kowannensu a Ebute Metta da Oshodi. A wannan lokacin, fim din ya zama sananne a Legas tare da taron matasa da tsofaffi yawanci suna jira a ƙofofin dakunan wasan kwaikwayo. Addini kuma ya taimaka wajen fadada al'adun fina-finai yayin da masu wa'azi na Kirista suka yi amfani da fina-falla don farfagandar addini.

Fim din farko da aka yi a Najeriya shine Palaver na 1926 wanda Geoffrey Barkas ya samar. Har ila yau, fim ne na farko da ya nuna 'yan wasan Najeriya a cikin rawar *[[Palaver (1926 fim)|*Magana*]]*; 'yan wasan fim na Najeriya a Palaver sun hada da Dawiya da Yilkuba . An harbe fim din ne tsakanin mutanen Sura da Angas na yanzu a jihohin Bauchi da Plateau a Arewacin Najeriya, kuma ya ba da labarin kishiyar tsakanin Jami'in Gundumar Burtaniya da mai hakar ma'adinai wanda ke haifar da yaki. Har ila yau a wannan zamanin akwai fina-finai da yawa da aka kafa a Najeriya, daya daga cikin shahararrun shine Sanders of the River na 1935 na Zoltán Korda, wanda ke nuna ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya Orlando Martins . Martins ya kuma fito a wasu sanannun fina-finai ciki har da The Man from Morocco (1945), Men of Two Worlds (1946) da sauransu, kuma wannan ya kafa Martins a matsayin daya daga cikin sanannun 'yan wasan Najeriya na lokacinsa.

Kamar yadda gidajen silima suka zama fasalin rayuwar jama'a a cikin birni mai tasowa na Legas, ƙarshen shekarun 1930 zuwa 1940 sun nuna farkon kafa manyan gidajen silimi na kasuwanci tare da rassa a sassa masu mahimmanci na ƙasar. Ɗaya daga cikin masu ba da fina-finai na farko a Legas shine "Kamfanin Hotuna na Yammacin Afirka" mallakar Mista S. Khalil, memba na al'ummar Siriya a Legas. Ya kafa Rex Cinema a Ebute Metta, Regal Cinema da Royal Cinema . Sauran shahararrun sarkar fina-finai sun haɗa da: Capitol Cinema, Casino Cinema, Kings Cinema, Central Cinema, Rialto Cinema, Corona Cinema, Odeon Cinema, Road House Cinema, Ikeja Arms Cinema da Glover Hall. A cikin 1937, gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta kafa Kwamitin Censorship don kula da al'amuran da suka shafi kafawa da ayyukan gidajen silima a cikin mulkin mallaka. Abubuwan Najeriya a cikin fina-finai da aka yi kuma aka nuna a cikin fina'finai na Najeriya a wannan lokacin duk da haka kusan ba su wanzu ba yayin da baƙi ke sarrafa samarwa da rarrabawa. A sakamakon haka, nishaɗin hoto na motsi ya haɗu da ƙungiyoyin wasan kwaikwayo na Yoruba, waɗanda suka fito a cikin shekarun 1930 zuwa 1940; Ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan su ne ƙungiyoyin wasan kwaikwayon Agbegijo da Alarinjo, waɗanda suka haɗa da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo kamar Duro Ladipo, Ishola Ogunmola, Lere Paimo, da Oyin Adejobi.

A shekara ta 1949, an kafa Sashin Fim na Najeriya a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin rarraba samar da fina-finai na mulkin mallaka. Daga baya aka sake tsara wannan rukunin zuwa yankuna daidai da canje-canjen kundin tsarin mulki a Najeriya a shekara ta 1954. The Colonial Film Unit, a cikin shekaru goma, ya nuna fina-finai na kiwon lafiya da ilimi ga masu sauraro na gida ta hanyar motocin fim dinsa. Har ila yau, ya samar da labarai da gajerun shirye-shirye, suna nuna bukukuwan da nasarorin mulkin mallaka ga masu sauraro na cikin gida da na kasashen waje.

A cikin shekarun 1950, yanayin al'amuran ya canza kadan, tare da karin abubuwan Najeriya da ake nunawa a cikin fina-finai,  tare da fitarwa don samar da fim din "African".  Ya zama babban karuwar masu sauraron fina-finai a sakamakon haka, tare da kimanin masu sauraro miliyan 3.5 a shekara-shekara tun daga shekara ta 1951. Yayinda masana'antar fina-finai ta zama rukuni a matsayin sashen bayanai na "Ma'aikatar Bayanai" a cikin 1954, sashin fim ɗin yana aiki da farko don samar da fina-fukkuna da labarai game da abubuwan da suka faru a cikin gida masu mahimmanci. A sakamakon haka, yawancin fina-finai da aka nuna a cikin shekarun 1950 galibi shirye-shiryen ilimi ne; fina-fukkukan da suka mamaye gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya musamman a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 har zuwa 'yancin kai sun haɗa da: fina-ffinai da Gwamnati ke tallafawa kan kiwon lafiya da ilimi, shirye-shirye game da ziyarar Sarauniya zuwa Najeriya, wasannin kwallon kafa na Ingila, muhawara na Westminster da fina-fukan cowboy. Har ila yau, gwamnati ta yi amfani da sinima don manufar talla, kuma an kawo kamfen ɗin soja daban-daban ga mutane ta hanyar nune-nunen sinima.

## Hotunan fina-finai

* *[[Palaver (1926 fim)|Palaver (fim na 1926)]]*
* *Sanders na Kogin* (1935) 
* *Mutumin daga Maroko* (1945) 
* *Maza na Duniya Biyu* (1946) 

## Dubi kuma

* Fim na Najeriya
* Zamanin Zinariya na Fim na Najeriya
* Kafofin watsa labarai a Najeriya

## Manazarta