Janet Holm

**Janet Rutherford Holm** MBE (née **Morse**, 12 Agusta 1923 - 14 Yuli 2018) ta kasance mai fafutukar kare muhalli kuma masanin tarihi na New Zealand. 

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Holm a Christchurch, New Zealand, a cikin 1923 kuma ya girma a gona kusa da Waiau a Arewacin Canterbury. Ta halarci Makarantar Mata ta Rangi Ruru a Christchurch kuma ta yi karatun Ingilishi da falsafa a Kwalejin Jami'ar Canterbury, da Kwalejin Jami'ar Victoria a Wellington. 

### Ayyukan muhalli
A cikin 1966, Holm ya koma Christchurch kuma ya yanke shawarar daukar mataki a kan matsalolin da ke gudana a cikin birni tare da hayaki a cikin hunturu. Ta shiga kungiyar Clean Air Society kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatare da shugaba. Al'umma sun yi nasara wajen ganin birnin ya fahimci rawar da bude wuta a gidaje ke takawa wajen samar da hayaki, wanda hakan ya sa birnin ya zartar da dokar hana bude wuta. Ta kuma yi aiki tare da Majalisar Tsabtace Jirgin Sama, Ƙungiyar New Zealand don Ilimin Muhalli, Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Kare Halitta, da Aiki akan Shan taba da Lafiya. A cikin 1972, Holm ya kasance wakilin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan muhalli a Stockholm, Sweden. 

A cikin girmamawar ranar haihuwar Sarauniya ta 1988, an nada Holm a matsayin memba na Order of the British Empire, don hidimomi ga ƙungiyar muhalli. A shekara ta 2004, ta sami Kyautar Kyautattun Kyaututtuka daga Muhalli Canterbury saboda aikinta na iska mai tsabta da ilimin muhalli a yankin Canterbury.

A cikin 1979, tare da haɗin gwiwar Julie Fitness, Jean Shalders da Cibiyar Muhalli na Canterbury, ta taimaka wajen buga wani ɗan littafi mai shafuka 27 game da gurɓataccen iska, wanda ya shafi batutuwa irin su inda gurɓataccen iska ke fitowa, menene cutar da gurɓataccen iska da kuma dalilin da ya sa Christchurch ya kasance, a lokacin, babban birnin New Zealand. An sake buga ɗan littafin a cikin 1989 tare da taimako daga New Zealand Grant Environmental Grant and Epicentre. Cibiyar Muhalli da Zaman Lafiya (Epicentre) ta kasance ƙungiya ce ta sadaukar da kai don kiyaye muhalli da yin aiki don zaman lafiya.

#### Rikici
Harkokin bude wuta da kuma maganganun da suka biyo baya daga masu ƙone man fetur sun kasance, kuma har yanzu suna da rikice-rikice. Masu adawa suna jayayya cewa kone itace da kwal ba su da tsada kuma sun fi wadatar da kansu fiye da zaɓuɓɓukan dumama gida masu tsabta.

Birnin Christchurch yana da saukin gurɓata iska a cikin hunturu saboda haɗuwa da dalilai. A cikin hunturu, lokacin da tsarin matsa lamba ya daidaita akan tsibirin Kudu, yana kawo yanayin sanyi da iska mai haske. A cikin gida, ana iyakance kwararar iska ta wurin da yanayin jujjuyawar zafin jiki mai ƙarfi. Mazauna garin sun ji sanyi. Martaninsu shine ya kunna dumama gidansu. Ga mutane da yawa, wannan yana nufin itace ko garwashin wuta. Tare da ɗan iska don tarwatsa ƙaƙƙarfan barbashi da ke fitowa daga gobarar gida, hayaƙi yana taruwa a ƙarƙashin rufin juyi. A lokacin rani, iska ce mai iska kuma iskõki suna fitar da gurɓataccen yanayi.

A shekara ta 1997, akwai kimanin wuta 15,500, masu ƙone kwal 3,500 da masu ƙone itace 31,000 a cikin birni. A cikin shekarun 1990s yawan manyan daren gurɓataccen yanayi a kowace shekara ya kai 30;  a cikin 1999 ya kai 60;  a cikin 2018 akwai 3. 

### Ayyukan tarihi
A cikin 1980s, Holm ya koma Jami'ar Canterbury don kammala digiri na biyu a tarihi; ta rubuta kasidarta kan kakanta George da ’yan uwansa shida, daga baya kuma ta buga binciken a matsayin littafi, Ba komai sai Grass and Wind. Haka kuma ta kasance mai kishin tarihi kuma ta zagaya kasar tana ziyartar makabartu da daukar hotunan manyan duwatsu. Cibiyar Tarihin Canterbury ta ba Holm lambar yabo ta 2005 A. C. Rhodes Memorial Award don amincewa da wannan aikin. A wannan shekarar, ta buga littafinta na rayuwar masu binciken farko, kuma ta zama mace ta farko da ta nada mamba mai daraja a Cibiyar Nazarin New Zealand.  

### Littattafai

* *Rashin gurɓata iska. Christchurch: Epicentre, 1989.*
* Babu wani abu sai Ciyawa da Iska: Rutherfords na Canterbury . Christchurch: Hazard Press, 1992. 
*  
* *Taswirar da aka kama: Rayuwa da Lokaci na Masu Bincike na Farko na New Zealand* . Christchurch: Hazard Press, 2005 . 
* *A kan Dutsen Zealand, inda Tigers ke sata*. Wellington: Steele Roberts, 2008 . 

## Kyauta
Bayan mutuwar Holm a cikin 2018, iyalinta sun kafa **Kyautar Janet Holm a Tarihi** a cikin ƙwaƙwalwarta a Jami'ar Canterbury .  An ba da kyautar farko a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2018. 

## Bayanan da aka ambata