open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Elizabeth Chambers (mai tuƙin jirgi)

**Elizabeth Maxine Chambers** (Agusta 25, 1920 − 11 ga Mayu, 1961)  ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin matukan jirgi mata na farko a cikin shirin Matan Jiragen Sama na Sojojin Sama (WASP) inda mata suka ɗauki nauyin tashi ba tare da yaƙi ba don haka ana samun ƙarin matukan jirgi maza don yaƙi.   Ta kasance a cikin Ajin WASP na 44-W-3 a matsayin wani ɓangare na Rundunar Horar da Jiragen Sama ta Sojojin Sama ta 318.   Ta zama matukin jirgi jim kaɗan bayan mijinta ya rasa ransa yayin tashi, duk da cewa ta haifi sabon jariri,  kuma ita ce kaɗai bazawara kuma uwa ta baya-bayan nan da ta yi aiki a matsayin WASP.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Chambers a Los Angeles, California, ga Samuel Cramsey da Gertrude Cramsey (née Hulse).  Ta girma ne a California Hollywood, California">Hollywood, California.

## Ayyuka
Kafin Yaƙin Duniya na II Chambers ta yi aiki ga Kamfanin Walt Disney da Hotuna na Universal, inda ta yi aikin bayan samarwa wanda ya haɗa da zane-zane don ƙwayoyin celluloid na zane-zane a shirye-shiryen zanen lokacin aikin hoto na samar da fim.

Chambers ta auri Robert William Chambers, matukin jirgi na Sojojin Amurka wanda a baya ya yi aiki a Lockheed a sashen injiniya. Daga baya, a lokacin da take aiki a matsayin WASP, za a tura Chambers kan wani manufa don yawon shakatawa a tashar Lockheed.

A cikin 1942 a lokacin yakin, an kashe Robert a hadarin jirgin sama. Bayan mutuwarsa, Chambers da jaririnta sun koma tare da iyayenta kuma ta sami aiki a matsayin mai ba da tarho a Kamfanin Telephone na Kudancin California.

Chambers ta nemi zama WASP. Ta ce: "Kwanakin ranar da hatsarin [mijina] Bob ya ji game da WASPs kuma yana son ni tashi ... a zahiri, yana so ya koya mini, amma bai yi aiki a wannan hanyar ba. Ina son tashi kamar yadda ya yi, kuma ina fatan samun damar maye gurbin mutum don yin aikin da Bob ke so ya yi". [1] Ta shiga horo a ranar 4 ga Oktoba, 1943, kuma ta kammala a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 1944. [2]

## Manazarta
Pearl Laska Chamberlain

**Pearl Laska Chamberlain** (an haife ta **Lelia Pearl Bragg** ; Afrilu 29, 1909 &#x2013; Nuwamba 22, 2012) matukin jirgi ce 'yar Amurka. Ta koyi tashi a cikin jirgin Kinner Fleet mai hawa biyu a shekarar 1933 kuma tana riƙe da takardar shaidar matukin jirgi har sai da ta kai shekara 97.  Kafin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, gwamnatin tarayya ta kafa Shirin Horar da Matukin Jirgi na Farar Hula, wata hanya ta baya don horar da matukan jirgi don aikin soja.

Ɗaya daga cikin yara takwas da aka haifa wa John W. da Lanie C. Bragg, ta shiga WASP a lokacin WWII kuma an sallame ta cikin girmamawa. A shekara ta 1944, bayan mafarkinta na zama matukin jirgi na cikakken lokaci, Pearl ta koma Nome, Alaska kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai koyar da jirgin sama da matukin jirage. Abubuwan da ta faru a matsayin matukin jirgi sun haɗa da komai daga Powder Puff Derbies zuwa cika tankin ta da ruwa maimakon man fetur. A shekara ta gaba ta zama mace ta farko da ta fara amfani da jirgin sama mai injin guda ɗaya (Piper J-4 na 1939 a kan babbar Hanyar Alaska . FAA ta amince da nasarorin da ta samu a matsayin mai jirgin sama na Alaska a shekara ta 2006.  Da yake ƙyamar imanin cewa 'Yan asalin Alaska ba su iya koyon tashi ba, ta koyar da mutane da yawa, ciki har da Holger Jorgensen, wanda ya zama' yan asalin farko da aka hayar a matsayin matukin jirgi ta kamfanin jirgin sama. Ta rike takardar shaidar matukin jirgi har sai ta kai shekara 97 kuma ta kasance memba na rayuwar Ninety Nines . 

Ta sami digiri na farko daga Jami'ar Alaska a shekarar 1955, kuma ta sami digiri na biyu daga Jami'an Miami na Ohio a shekarar 1959. 

## Kyaututtuka

* 2006: Ya karbi lambar yabo ta Wright Brothers Master Pilot . 
* 2007: Kyautar Nines ta Kasancewa . 
* 2020: An girmama shi da alamar tarihi a Sandstone, West Virginia . 

## Iyali
A shekara ta 1946, ta auri Lewis Lincoln Laska, mai siyarwa da dillalin fata a McGrath, Alaska. Lew Laska ya mutu watanni hudu bayan haka yana da shekaru 50. An haifi ɗansu, Lewis, a shekara mai zuwa, a cikin 1947. Ta gudanar da shagon mijinta da masana'antar parka na wasu shekaru hudu bayan mutuwarsa. Ta sake yin aure ga Ed Chamberlain, tare da shi ta zauna a California har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1987.

## Manazarta
Selma Cronan

**Selma Kantor Cronan** (6 ga Mayu, 1913 - 5 ga Agusta, 2002) matukin jirgin sama ne na Amurka. Ta kasance cikin Matan Jiragen Sama na Sojojin Sama (WASP) a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kuma bayan yaƙin, ta ci gaba da tashi. An san ta musamman da fafatawa a gasar jiragen sama kamar Powder Puff Derby .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Cronan a Asbury Park, New Jersey kuma Bayahudiya ce. Mahaifiyarta ta ɗauke ta a jirgin sama a shekarun 1920 a Asbury Park, New Jersey, kuma hakan ya ƙarfafa ta a matsayinta na ƙaramar yarinya ta so ta zama matukin jirgi. 

Cronan ta sami lasisin tukin jirgin sama na kasuwanci a shekarar 1941.  Jacqueline Cochran ce ta gayyace ta da kanta don shiga ƙungiyar Matan Jiragen Sama ta Sojojin Sama (WASP) a shekarar 1943. 

Cronan ta ci gaba da tashi sama bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, tana fafatawa a gasar jiragen sama. [1] Ta shiga ƙungiyar matukan jirgi, Ninety-Nines, a 1944. [2] A 1948 ba ta sami damar shiga gasar jiragen sama ba saboda ba ta sami wanda zai kula da 'ya'yanta mata biyu ba. [3] Daga ƙarshe ta koya wa mijinta, Walter Cronan, tashi sama, amma lokacin da ya yi hatsari a cikin jirgin sama, ma'auratan sun yanke shawarar cewa ɗaya daga cikinsu ne kawai ya kamata ya tashi. [4] Sun yanke shawarar cewa Selma ta ci gaba da tuka jiragen sama. [4] A cikin shekarun 1960, ta shiga gasar Powder Puff Derby da sauran wasannin jiragen sama. [5] [6] [7] An shigar da Cronan cikin Zauren Shahararrun Jiragen Sama na New Jersey a watan Mayu 1994. [8]

Cronan ya mutu a ranar 5 ga Agusta, 2002, kuma an binne shi a makabartar ƙasa ta Arlington . 

## Manazarta
Ma'aikatan Nancy Batson

**Nancy Batson Crews** (1920-2001) ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata na asali da suka shiga cikin ƙungiyar mata masu taimakawa jiragen ruwa (WAFS) a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An haifi Crews ga Stephen da Ruth Batson a shekarar 1920 kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'ya huɗu.  Crews ta ɗauki kanta a matsayin mai sa'a da aka haife ta a cikin iyali na matsakaicin matsayi, da kuma iyaye waɗanda suka ba ta damar zama a waje da ƙa'idar Southern belle. Mahaifiyarta ta koya wa Crews dabi'un Kudu amma ta bar Crews ta zama abin da take so ta zama. Tana son tashi sama tun lokacin da ta ga Charles Lindbergh a Birmingham. Bugu da ƙari, Crews ƙwararriyar 'yar wasa ce a lokacin ƙuruciyarta, ta shiga hawan doki da golf. A lokacin makarantar sakandare, Crews tana cikin ƙungiyar masu ba da gudummawa. A Jami'ar Alabama, an zaɓi Crews a matsayin babban jami'in haɗin gwiwa.  A shekarar 1941, ta kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Alabama.  A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 1946 ta auri Paul Crews kuma tare suka haifi 'ya'ya uku, Paul, Radford, da Elinor. A ƙarshe, abin da aka yi imanin cewa ciwon huhu ne ainihin ciwon huhu wanda ya haifar da mutuwar Crews a ranar 14 ga Janairu, 2001. 

## Lokaci a WAFS
A watan Agusta na 1943, an canza WAFS zuwa WASP.  An ƙirƙiri [Mata Masu Jiragen Sama na Sojojin Sama] (WASP) saboda kwamandan rundunar sojojin sama ta Kanar William H. Tunner yana buƙatar matukan jirgin ruwa da yawa har ya yarda ya bar mata da aka horar su yi aikin.  A shekarar 1944, Crews ta kammala karatunta daga makarantar koyon aiki. Aikin Crews shine ɗaukar jiragen P-47 daga masana'anta zuwa wuraren shiga jirgi don daga baya a mayar da su yankunan yaƙi. Sau da yawa tana tafiya zuwa gaɓar teku zuwa ɗayan a tsayin da ya kai mil huɗu a tsayin mil ɗari uku a kowace awa. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata ashirin da takwas na farko da suka tuƙa jirgin saman Amurka a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. 

## Rayuwa bayan WASP
Duk da cewa Crews ta daina tashi tsakanin 1949 da 1959 saboda 'ya'yanta ƙanana ne, ta ci gaba da tashi tsawon rayuwarta.  A shekarun 1960, Crews da Super Club ɗinta sun ƙirƙiri kasuwancin tashi. Ta hanyar kasuwancinta, ta koyi yadda ake yin fly fliders daga baya kuma ta zama malami. A shekarunta na saba'in, ta ƙirƙiri kasuwancin gina ƙasa da gidaje.  Ita ce shugabar farko ta ƙungiyar WAFS bayan yaƙi tsakanin shekarar 1972-1975. Bugu da ƙari, an zaɓe ta magajin garin birnin California na wa'adi ɗaya a 1978. Haka kuma, ta yi aiki sau ɗaya a matsayin Kwamishinan Filin Jirgin Sama na St. Claire County.  Tana da shekaru saba'in da tara, Crews ta yi amfani da turbojet na kamfani na kusan awanni tamanin. 

## Lambobin yabo da karramawa
A shekarar 1989, an shigar da Crews cikin Zauren Shahararrun Jiragen Sama na Alabama . A shekarar 1997, an sanya wani allo mai dauke da sunanta a wajen Forest of Friendship . A shekarar 2004, an shigar da ita cikin Zauren Shahararrun Mata na Alabama . [1] A ƙarshe, a ranar 10 ga Maris, 2010, Crews da WASPs gaba ɗaya sun sami lambar yabo ta zinare ta Congressional . [2] An ajiye kayan aikin Crews, Mooney Mite, da kuma littafin tarihin farko a Gidan Tarihi na Southern Flight da ke Alabama. [1]

## Manazarta
Rosa Charlyne Creger

**Rosa Charlene Creger** (Disamba 24, 1918 - Janairu 1, 2005) matukiyar jirgin WASP ce a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kuma ta zama Shugabar Sashen Maganin Anesthesia a Asibitin Earl K. Long da ke Baton Rouge, Louisiana bayan yaƙin. 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Creger a ranar 24 ga Disamba, 1918, ga Charles da Rosa Creger, a Noble, Oklahoma . Ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara shida kuma ta kammala karatun sakandare a Norman, Oklahoma, daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin ƙwararren mai rawa a Catherine Duffy's Productions a Oklahoma City, ta ci gaba da zama ƙwararren mai ƙira ga Kickerknick Lingerie  tare da shirin zama mai ƙira.  Jirginta na farko ya kasance tare da shahararren matukin jirgin sama Wiley Post a shekarar 1927 lokacin tana da shekaru takwas  a matsayin wani ɓangare na gasar tattara naɗaɗɗen burodi. 

## Aikin soja
Creger ta sami horon jirgin sama na WASP a filin Avenger da ke Sweetwater, Texas, kuma ta kammala karatunta a aji na ƙarshe na WASP (44-W-10)  a W 10-Flight I  a ranar 7 ga Disamba, 1944. Ta fara horonta a aji 44-W-8, amma an hana ta saboda rashin lafiya.  Saboda babu wuraren kiwon lafiya a wurin horon da ke Sweetwater, an mayar da Creger—tare da masu horo Mary Shaw da Laura Rutledge—zuwa asibiti a filin jirgin sama na Big Spring Army, ƙarƙashin kulawar Dr. Weldon W. Stephen.  Daga baya Creger ta yi amfani da wannan gogewar don taimakawa wajen yin fafutukar mayar da mata waɗanda suka yi aiki a matsayin WASPs soja    domin su sami fa'idodin tsoffin sojoji, wanda aka ba su a ranar 23 ga Nuwamba, 1977  bayan kuri'ar da Majalisar Dattawa ta kada. 

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ta yi aiki a matsayin matukin jirgi da kuma matukin jirgi na gwajin injiniya a Filin Jirgin Sama na Waco Army . [1] Tsohon kwamandan rundunar sojin saman Amurka, Steve dePyssler, ya tuna da Creger a matsayin matukin jirgi na "kowane nau'in jirgin sama da ke akwai" kuma "Ta tashi da jiragen B-17, B-24 -- komai." Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, an wargaza WASPs kuma Creger ya shiga makarantar koyon aikin jinya kuma ya ci gaba da yin hidima a lokacin Yaƙin Koriya . [2]

## Manazarta
Gwendolyne Cowart

**Gwendolyne Elizabeth Cowart** (Afrilu 24, 1920 - Fabrairu 28, 2003) matukiyar jirgi ne yar Amurka wanda ta yi aiki a matsayin Matan Jirgin Sama na Sojojin Sama (WASP) a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu .

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Gwendolyne Elizabeth Cowart a Greenville, South Carolina, a shekarar 1920, 'yar James Monroe Cowart da Louie Leonie Lester Cowart. [1] Mahaifinta injiniya ne na jirgin ƙasa; iyayenta sun sake ta a shekarar 1928. [2] Mahaifiyarta ta rene ta a Georgia, kuma a lokacin da take ƙarama tana yin wasan kwaikwayo a kan skateboard a wasannin kwaikwayo. [3] Ta halarci Makarantar Siyarwa ta Mount de Sales da ke Macon, Georgia . [4]

## Sana'a
Cowart ita ce "ƙaramar yarinya a Kudu da ta sami lasisin jirgin sama na kasuwanci,"  kuma jami'a ce a ƙungiyar Aviatrix ta Kudu maso Gabashin Atlanta a 1940.   A wannan shekarar, ta yi labarai game da saukar jirgin sama a wurin kiwon shanu bayan man fetur ya ƙare. 

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, Cowart ta fara aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar mai koyar da kayan kida ga Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka a sansanin Gordon, kafin ta zama Mataimakiyar Rundunar Sojan Sama (WASP).  Ta horar da jiragen sama masu neman jiragen yaƙi a filin Avenger da ke Sweetwater, Texas,  kuma an tura ta zuwa sansanin Sojan Sama na New Castle da ke Delaware.  

Ta kasance memba a cikin Rundunar Horar da Jiragen Sama ta Mata wacce Jacqueline Cochran ke jagoranta.   Ta yi jigilar jiragen ruwa kirar P-38 da P-47 a faɗin Amurka. "Ka sani, za ka iya ɗaukar mil 350 mai kyau a cikin waɗannan jiragen," ta shaida wa wani mai yin hira a 1944.  Daga baya a rayuwata, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai fasaha a Gundumar Makaranta Mai Zaman Kanta ta Corpus Christi. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Cowart ta auri abokin aikinta James Hickerson. Ta haifi ɗa, Gary Hickerson. Ta mutu a shekarar 2003, a Houston, Texas, tana da shekaru 82.  An sanya mata suna a cikin jerin WASPs da aka ba ta lambar zinare ta Majalisa bayan mutuwarta a shekarar 2009. 

## Manazarta
Ruth Odinga

**Ruth Busia Adhiambo Odinga** 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Kenya, kuma a halin yanzu wakiliyar mata ta gundumar Kisumu a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa.  Ita ce Mataimakiyar Gwamna ta farko a Gundumar Kisumu daga shekarun 2013 zuwa 2017. Odinga memba ce a ƙungiyar Orange Democratic Movement (ODM). Ita 'yar Jaramogi Odinga ce, mataimakin shugaban ƙasa na farko na Kenya, kuma 'yar'uwar tsohon Firayim Minista Raila Odinga da Oburu Odinga, Sanata mai ci a Gundumar Siaya.  

## Ilimi
Ruth Odinga 'yar siyasa ce da aka haifa a cikin daular siyasa ta Kenya.  Ta halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Xaverian, Kisumu inda ta sami Takardar Shaidar Karatu ta Gabashin Afirka (EACPE) a shekarar 1973. Ta sami Takardar Shaidar Karatu ta Gabashin Afirka (EAACE) daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Kenya a shekarar 1981. A shekarar 1983 ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Mutare, Zimbabwe, inda ta sami A Levels. Ta sami digiri a fannin kimiyyar zamantakewa a shekarar 1985, da kuma takardar shaidar digiri na biyu a fannin nazarin ci gaba a shekarar 1989, daga Jami'ar Oslo. 

## Aikin siyasa
Ruth Odinga tsohuwar Mataimakiyar Gwamna ce ta Gundumar Kisumu kuma shugabar da ta kafa ƙungiyar mata ta Kenya Network of Women Governors (KENWOG).  Ita ce ƙanwar Rt. Hon. Raila Odinga

Odinga ta shiga siyasa a shekarar 2013, inda ta fafata da Jack Ranguma don zama Gwamnan Gundumar Kisumu.  Bayan ta sha kashi a hannun Ranguma, ta shiga tawagarsa kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Gwamna daga shekarun 2013 zuwa 2017.  Ta kasance babbar mai bai wa Gwamna shawara kuma darakta a Shirye-shirye na Musamman da Gudanar da Bala'i daga shekarun 2017 zuwa 2022. 

A watan Oktoban 2017 ta fuskanci tuhume-tuhume bayan ta shiga zanga-zangar adawa da jami'an zaɓe a Kisumu.   A shekarar 2019, bayan kasancewarta a wani zanga-zangar da ta kawo cikas ga horon zaɓe a Kisumu, an sake yin kira da a kama ta a tuhume ta da laifin tayar da hankali. 

An zaɓe ta a matsayin Wakiliyar Mata na Gundumar Kisumu a watan Agusta a shekarar 2022 ta hanyar amfani da tikitin Orange Democratic Movement inda ta kayar da abokin hamayyarta Valentine Anyango na jam'iyyar Movement for Democracy and Growth (MDG). 

Odinga ƙwararriya ce a fannin kare haƙƙin mata kuma mai fafutukar ci gaban mata da kuma jagoranci ga mata. Ita ce ta kafa ƙungiyar gwamnonin mata ta Kenya, (KEWOG),  kuma tana ci gaba da aiki a matsayin shugabar ƙungiyar.  Ita ce kuma ta sami lambar yabo ta gwarzon jinsi daga Ma'aikatar Jinsi ta Kenya. 

## Manazarta
Karen Nyamu

**Karen Njeri Nyamū** 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Kenya, daga ƙungiyar United Democratic Alliance (UDA).  Ita 'yar majalisar dattawa ce da aka zaɓa a Kenya. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Nyamū a yankin Eastlands na Nairobi.  Ta yi karatu a makarantar sakandare ta Limuru Girls. Nyamū ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin shari'a daga Jami'ar Nairobi.  Daga nan ta shiga Makarantar Shari'a ta Kenya ta kuma yi karatun difloma a fannin shari'a. Tana da digiri na biyu a fannin hulɗa da ƙasashen duniya. 

## Aikin siyasa
Nyamū 'yar siyasa ce kuma Sanata ce da aka zaɓa a Kenya. Ita ma lauya ce kuma tana da kamfanin lauyoyi, Njeri Nyamū and Co.Advocates.  Ta yi takarar zama wakiliyar mata ta Nairobi a babban zaɓen shekara ta 2017. 

A ranar 14 ga watan Fabrairu, 2023, an nemi Nyamū ta fita daga zauren majalisar bayan ta sanya riga mara hannu. 

A ranar 17 ga watan Oktoba, 2024, Sanata Nyamū ta kaɗa ƙuri'ar tsige mataimakin shugaban ƙasa Rigathi Gachagua, tana kira da a ba wa 'yan takarar shugaban ƙasa fifiko, inda ta ɗora alhakin kan shugaba Ruto saboda zaɓen Rigathi Gachagua. Nyamū ta kuma ambaci wani bidiyo da ya yaɗu a shafukan sada zumunta na rawa da mataimakin shugaban ƙasa ɗaya a matsayin shaida cewa abota ba ta maye gurbin adalci ba.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Nyamū uwa ce mara aure da ke da 'ya'ya uku. 

## Manazarta
Mary Wamaua Waithira Njoroge

**Mary Wamaua Waithìra Noroge** 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Kenya. A halin yanzu 'yar majalisa ce mai wakiltar mazaɓar Maragua a gundumar Murang'a. 

## Shekarun farko da ilimi
Ta je Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Kamahūha don samun takardar shaidar digirinta na farko (o level) daga shekarun 1983 zuwa 1991. Ta ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin Horar da Malamai ta Kigari kuma ta sami takardar shaidar P1. Daga shekarun 2008 zuwa 2009 ta shiga KIHBIT a Kisii don neman takardar shaidar Difloma a fannin Ayyukan Jama'a-Gina Hanya. Daga shekarun 2014 zuwa 2016 ta ci gaba da karatunta a Jami'ar Gretsa kuma ta yi karatun digiri na farko a fannin Fasaha. 

## Aiki
An zaɓe ta a matsayin 'yar majalisa mai wakiltar mazaɓar Maragua a shekarar 2017.   Ita memba ce a Kwamitin Asusun Raya Mazaɓun Gwamnati na Ƙasa a majalisar dokoki. 

An sake zaɓenta a babban zaɓen Kenya a shekarar 2022. 

## Manazarta
Anne Kananu

**Ann Kananu Mwenda** ƙwararriyar masaniya a fannin laifuka ce 'yar ƙasar Kenya, 'yar siyasa kuma mai kula da harkokin jama'a wacce, daga ranar 16 ga watan Nuwamba 2021 zuwa 2022, ta yi aiki a matsayin gwamnar gundumar Nairobi. 

Daga ranar 15 ga watan Janairu 2021 zuwa ranar 16 ga watan Nuwamba 2021, ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Gwamna ta Gundumar Nairobi. 

Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Mukaddashiyar Gwamna bayan tsige Mike Sonko da kuma cire shi daga muƙaminsa a watan Disamba a shekarar 2020. Bisa ga dokokin Kenya, Kananu ta yi sauran wa'adin mulkin tsohon gwamnan. 

## Tarihi da ilimi
An haifi Ann Kananu a watan Mayun 1980, a gundumar Embu. Ta halarci *makarantar firamare ta St. Michael*, a gundumarta, kafin ta shiga *makarantar sakandare ta 'yan mata ta Our Lady Of Mercy, Magundu*, wata makarantar kwana ta 'yan mata gaba ɗaya a gundumar Tharaka Nithi, wacce cocin Katolika ke gudanarwa. Ta kammala karatunta daga can da *takardar shaidar kammala karatun sakandare ta Kenya* (KCSE) a shekarar 1999. 

Tana da digirin farko a fannin Kimiyya a fannin Nazarin Laifuka da Gudanar da Tsaro, wanda Jami'ar Fasaha ta Dedan Kimathi ta bayar a shekarar 2016. Tana kuma da digirin difloma a fannin Nazarin Laifuka da Gudanar da Tsaro, wacce ta samu daga Jami'ar St. Paul, Limuru, a shekarar 2013. Bugu da ƙari, tana da takaddun shaida guda biyu da ta samu daga Jami'ar Nairobi, tsakanin shekarun 2011 da 2012; na farko, takardar shaidar Gudanar da Albarkatun Ɗan Adam da na biyu takardar shaidar hulɗa da jama'a. Sauran takardun shaidarta sun haɗa da takardar shaidar Gudanar da Rikici daga *AVSEC* da *takardar shaidar horar da mata* da aka samu daga Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka. 

## Aiki
Anne Kananu Mwenda tana da tarihin aiki iri-iri tun kusan shekaru ashirin tun daga lokacin da ta hau kan mulki a Ƙaramar Hukumar Birnin Nairobi. Daga shekarun 2002 zuwa 2003, ta yi aiki a matsayin Wakiliyar Kula da Abokan Ciniki sannan kuma mataimakiyar Shugabar Kamfanin *Mokir Enterprises Limited*. Daga nan sai *H. Mogambi da Kamfanin Masu Ba da Shawara kan Kamfanoni* suka ɗauke ta aiki, suna aiki a can a matsayin mataimakiyar mutum ɗaya, daga shekarun 2003 zuwa 2004. 

Daga baya, ta fara aiki da Hukumar Kula da Filayen Jiragen Sama ta Kenya a matsayin Mai Kula da Tsaro wanda ke da alhakin Kula da Inganci da Horarwa. A watan Mayu a shekarar 2018, an ɗauki Kananu Mwenda aiki a Babban Ofishin Kula da Bala'i da Daidaito. Wannan shine aikinta har zuwa lokacin da aka rantsar da ita a matsayin Mataimakiyar Gwamna a watan Janairun 2021. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
A da, Ann Kananu Mwenda ta auri marigayi Philip Njiru Muthathai wanda ya mutu a hatsarin mota a watan Janairun 2019. 

## Manazarta
Millie Odhiambo

**Millie Grace Akoth Odhiambo Mabona** (an haife ta a ranar 1 ga watan Nuwamba, 1966) 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Kenya. Ta fara samun horo a matsayin lauya, kuma ta kasance 'yar majalisa tun daga shekarar 2008. An fara zaɓenta kuma daga baya aka zaɓe ta a matsayin 'yar majalisar mazaɓar Suba ta Arewa. 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Odhiambo a shekarar 1966 a Homa Bay 'ya ce ga Harrison Odhiambo da Damaris Auma Odhiambo.  Ita ce ta huɗu cikin 'ya'ya takwas.  Mahaifinta Harrison Odhiambo ya mutu a shekarar 1973 a wani hatsarin jirgin ruwa, lokacin da Odhiambo ta ce ya taimaka mata wajen sha'awar siyasa. 

Millie ta yi karatun firamare,  Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta St. Francis da Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Limuru kafin ta halarci Jami'ar Nairobi a shekarar 1986. Ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1990 da digirin farko na Shari'a.  Daga baya za ta yi karatu a Amurka, Sweden da Italiya. 

Ta fara aikinta a ofishin babban lauyan gwamnati tana gudanar da shari'o'in farar hula kafin ta koma ga dokar kare hakkin ɗan adam, tare da mai da hankali kan mata da yara.  A shekarar 1999 ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa kan cin zarafin mata-Kenya, kuma daga shekarun 2000 zuwa 2008 ta kasance wacce ta kafa kuma darakta a gidauniyar yara ta CRADLE, wata ƙungiya da ke aiki don inganta hakkokin yara a tsarin shari'a. 

## Aikin siyasa
An zaɓi Odhiambo a matsayin 'yar takarar 'yar majalisar dokoki a shekarar 2007 ta ƙungiyar Orange Democratic Movement   sannan aka zaɓe ta a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Orange Democratic Movement a babban zaɓen Kenya a shekarar 2013.   Tun bayan da ta hau kujerarta a Majalisar Dokoki, kafofin watsa labaran Kenya, sun bayyana ta a matsayin "mai jayayya" kuma "mai magana da ƙarfi".

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Millie ta auri Magugu Mabona daga Zimbabwe a shekara ta 2006. 

Odhiambo uwa ce ga 'yar Mabona Lebo, wacce ke zaune a Botswana.  Ta yi ta magana game da wahalar da ta sha a lokacin da take girma da fibroids na mahaifa, wanda ya haifar da raɗaɗin zagayowar al'ada da wahalar ɗaukar ciki.  Daga gogewarta ta sirri, Millie ta yi nasara a Dokar Taimakawa Haihuwa (ART) ta shekarar 2022, wata doka mai muhimmanci da ta ƙirƙiri tsarin shari'a na farko a ƙasar don ayyuka kamar IVF da maye gurbin jarirai.  

## Wallafe-wallafe
Littafinta mai suna "Rig Or Be Rigged?" ya dogara ne akan abubuwan da ta fuskanta da kuma na sauran shugabannin mata. 

## Manazarta
Edith Vethi Nyenze

**Edith Vethi Nyenze** 'yar siyasar Kamba ce ta ƙasar Kenya, wacce ita ce mamba a majalisar dokokin Kitui West. An zaɓe ta ne don maye gurbin marigayi mijinta Francis Nyenze a matsayin memba na 7 na majalisar dokoki na mazaɓar Kitui West. Tana cikin WDM.

## Zaɓen 'Yan Majalisun Kitui Yamma
Bayan rasuwar mijinta a watan Disamba a shekarar 2017, Edith ta bayyana aniyarta ta shiga harkokin siyasa. Ta shiga takarar maye gurbinsa a matsayin 'yar majalisar dokoki ta mazaɓar Kitui ta Yamma a zaɓen maye gurbin da ya biyo baya a ranar 26 ga watan Maris 2018; kuma ta shiga zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyyar WDM, inda ta lashe. Ta doke Maluki Mwendwa, ɗan Winnie Nyiva Mwendwa. 

A ranar 26 ga watan Maris 2018 ta lashe kujerar da gagarumin rinjaye, inda ta samu kashi 72% na jimillar kuri'un da aka kaɗa. An ce adadin waɗanda suka kaɗa kuri'a a zaɓen fidda gwani ya kai kashi 38%. 

## Manazarta
Beth Wambui Mugo

**Beth Wambūi Mūgo** (an haife ta a ranar 11 ga watan Yuli, 1939 a gundumar Kiambu) 'yar siyasa ce ta Kenya. Ta kasance 'yar jam'iyyar haɗin kan ƙasa kuma an zaɓe ta don ta wakilci mazaɓar Dagoretti a Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa ta Kenya a zaɓen 'yan majalisa na shekarar 2007. 

## Aikin siyasa
Beth Mūgo ta yi fice a harkokin siyasa. Ta kasance 'yar majalisar dattawa tsakanin ranakun 21 ga watan Maris 2013 → 16 ga watan Yuli 2017. Ta kuma kasance 'yar majalisar wakilai ta Dagoretti a jam'iyyar Haɗin Kan Ƙasa. Ta kasance mataimakiyar ministan ilimi (majalisar ministoci) tsakanin shekarun 2006 da 2007. Tsakanin watan Janairu da Yuli 2003 ta kasance mataimakiyar ministan yawon buɗe ido.

A halin yanzu, Sanata ce da aka zaɓa. Ta fara aikinta a ranar 31 ga watan Agusta 2017. Beth Mūgo ita ma memba ce a Jam'iyyar Jubilee Party tun daga watan Janairun 2017. A ƙarshe, ita ma memba ce ta haɗin gwiwa a Jubilee Alliance.

## Sauran ayyuka
Ita ce ta kafa kuma Amintacciya a Gidauniyar Ciwon daji ta Beth Mūgo. Sanata Beth Mūgo tana da kwarewa sosai a fannin shari'a da kuma na sana'a game da lamuran da suka shafi ciwon daji. A lokacin naɗinta a matsayin Ministar Lafiyar Jama'a da Tsafta ta Kenya, Sanata Mūgo ta jagoranci ci gaban Tsarin Kula da Ciwon daji na Ƙasa (2011-2016), da kuma aiwatar da Dokar Rigakafin Ciwon daji da Kula da Shi (2012), da kuma kafa Cibiyar Kula da Ciwon daji ta Kasa ta Kenya. Ta kuma faɗaɗa yakinta da cutar kansa a faɗin nahiyar Afirka lokacin da ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Majalisar Dokokin Afirka da Ministocin Lafiya kan Ciwon Nono, Mahaifa da kuma Ciwon Prostate (2012-2014).

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
*Beth Wambui Mugo biography at the Republic of Kenya Office of Public Communications 
*https://info.mzalendo.com/person/beth-mugo/experience/ 

*https://www.bethmugocancerfoundation.org/BMFC/index.php
Esther Murugi Mathenge

**Esther Mūrugi Mathenge** 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Kenya. Tsohuwar 'yar majalisa ce mai wakiltar mazaɓar Nyeri Town a Majalisar Dokokin Ƙasar Kenya.

## Aikin siyasa
Mūrug **I** ta kasance Ministar Shirye-shirye na Musamman a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin haɗin gwiwar Kibaki-Raila. Ta fara ƙoƙarin shiga siyasa a zaɓen Kenya na shekarar 2002 inda ta rasa tikitin ƙungiyar National Alliance Rainbow Coalition (NARC) ga Peter Gichohi Muriithi. Sannan, an zaɓe ta a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar Haɗin Kan Ƙasa a zaɓen 'yan majalisar Kenya na shekarar 2007.  Daga nan Murugi ta riƙe kujerar a zaɓen shekara ta 2013 a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar National Alliance (TNA) a zamanin Uhuru da Ruto Jubilee, inda ta zama mutum na farko da ta taɓa riƙe kujerar majalisar dokokin Nyeri Town a tarihi. Daga nan sai Mūrug **ta** rasa kujerar a zaɓen shekara ta 2017 ga Ngunjiri Wambugu. Ana tuna ta a matsayin mace ta biyu da ta lashe zaɓe a babban gundumar Nyeri bayan Farfesa Wangari Maathai ya lashe kujerar majalisar wakilai ta mazaɓar Tetu a shekarar 2002.

## Manazarta
Mary Maingi

**Mary Maingi** 'yar siyasa ce 'yar ƙasar Kenya, wacce ta kasance 'yar majalisar dokoki a mazaɓar Mwea. Ita ce mace tilo da aka zaɓa a gundumar Kirinyaga a shekarar 2022. 

## Rayuwa
Maingi tana karatu a Jami'ar Katolika ta Yammacin Afirka daga shekarun 2003 zuwa 2009 inda ta yi digirinta na farko da na biyu. 

Ta tsaya a matsayin 'yar takara na United Democratic Alliance a zaɓen shekara ta 2022 kuma ta doke wasu 'yan takara shida a mazaɓar Mwea. 

Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin sabbin 'yan majalisar mata da dama yayin da jimillar 'yan majalisar mata da aka zaɓa ta ƙaru a shekarar 2022. Duk da haka ita ce mace ɗaya tilo da aka zaɓa a gundumarta. Suzanne Kiamba, Irene Njoki Mjembo, Agnes Mantaine Pareyio, Phyllis Jepkemoi, Marianne Jebet Kitany, Amina Laura Mnyazi da Maingi duk sabbin 'yan majalisar ne.  Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata 'yan majalisar da aka zaɓa waɗanda su kaɗai ne mata da aka zaɓa a gundumarsu. Sauran sun haɗa da Mary Emaase a gundumar Busia, Naisula Lesuuda a Samburu da Mishi Mboko a Mombasa. 

A farkon shekarar 2025, tana makarantar firamare ta Wang'uru inda ake ci gaba da gina sabbin azuzuwa guda takwas. A watan Afrilun 2025, an tuhumi wani mutum mai shekaru 34 da laifin aika saƙonnin barazana ga Maingi game da Whsatsapp.  A ranar 9 ga watan Yunin 2025, a filin wasa na Wang'uru International Stadium, kakar wasa ta biyu ta gasar cin kofin Super Cup ta Mary Maingi ta ƙare. Ƙungiyoyi 90 sun shiga gasar don samun kyaututtuka. 

## Manazarta
Rahila Ruto

**Rachel Chebet Ruto** (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga watan Nuwamba 1969) malamar makaranta ce 'yar ƙasar Kenya, wacce a yanzu take aiki a matsayin Uwargidan Shugaban ƙasar Kenya. Ita ce matar William Ruto, Shugaban ƙasar Kenya na biyar kuma na yanzu.

## Ilimi da aiki
Ta yi karatun firamare a Likuyani, gundumar Kakamega, sannan ta ci gaba zuwa Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Butere  da matakan O da A. Ta yi karatun digiri na farko, daga baya aka kira ta ta shiga Jami'ar Kenyatta, inda ta yi digiri na farko a fannin Ilimi (Fasaha). Ta ci gaba da karatun digiri na biyu a fannin Fasaha  a shekarar 2011 a Jami'ar Katolika ta Gabashin Afirka.

Duk da cewa ta karanci Ilimi, ba ta samu damar yin aikin koyarwa ba tsawon lokaci yayin da ta yi ritaya da son rai kuma ta shiga harkar kasuwanci a fannin yawon buɗe ido da tafiye-tafiye wanda ya mayar da hankali kan biranen da masu yawon buɗe ido ke taruwa a ƙasar.

## Taimako da fafutuka
Ta zama mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata da ƙarfafa su.

A ranar 17 ga watan Janairun 2014, an ba Rachel Ruto kyautar girmamawa ta duniya kan ƙarfafa mata a Jami'ar Binary da ke Malaysia. 

Ta daɗe tana fafutukar neman rayuwa mai kyau ta hanyar motsa jiki kamar hawa keke kuma ta ƙaddamar da Shirin Mama Keke a watan Satumba don haɓaka wannan aikin. 

A watan Maris a shekarar 2023, ta nuna adawa da dangantakar jinsi ɗaya, bayan hukuncin Kotun Koli ta Kenya, da ya bai wa ƙungiyoyin LGBTQ damar shiryawa.

## Iyali
An yi auren Rachel da William a shekarar 1991  a cocin AIC. Sun haɗu a lokacin da suke jami'a a wani taron ƙungiyar Kiristoci a Jami'ar Nairobi. Rachel tana karatun ilimi a Jami'ar Kenyatta yayin da mijinta ke karatun ilimin tsirrai da dabbobi a Jami'ar Nairobi. Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya shida ciki har da Charlene. Ma'auratan sun ɗauki jaririyar Nadia, wacce aka binne da rai. Sun sanya wa jaririn suna Cherono, bayan mahaifiyar Ruto. 

## Manazarta
Ruth Wangari Mwaniki

**Ruth Wangarì Mwanìki** (an haife ta a shekarar 1963 ko 1964) 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Kenya, wacce ta yi aiki a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa ta Kenya daga shekarun 2017 zuwa 2022. Ta kasance 'yar jam'iyyar Jubilee, kuma ta wakilci mazaɓar Kigumo. A lokacin mulkinta, Mwanìki ta kasance fitacciyar mai goyon bayan Shugaba Uhuru Kenyatta kuma mai fafutukar kafa Tsarin Building Bridges.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Ruth Wangarì Mwanìki a shekarar 1963 ko 1964 a gundumar Nyeri da ke tsakiyar Kenya. Ta halarci Jami'ar Nairobi, inda ta sami digirin farko a fannin shari'a. Kafin fara aikinta na siyasa, ita ce babbar jami'ar zartarwa ta Majalisar Inganta Fitarwa da kuma manajin darakta na Ƙungiyar Haɗin Gwiwa ta Kenya Planters.  

Mwanìki ta tsaya takarar Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa a zaɓen shekara ta 2017, inda ta tsaya a Mazaɓar Kigumo a matsayin memba na Jam'iyyar Jubilee. Ta kayar da Joseph Munyoro, inda ta sami ƙuri'u 41,041 yayin da Mūnyoro ta samu ƙuri'u 24,208.  A lokacin mulkinta, Mwanìki ta kasance memba a Kwamitin Kasafin Kuɗi da Raba Kuɗi da kuma kwamitin zaɓen Watsa Labarai da Laburare na Majalisar Dokoki.  Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan abokan Shugaba Uhuru Kenyatta a majalisar dokoki,  kuma ta yi kira ga gwamnati da ta inganta harkokin cikin gida.  Ta kuma goyi bayan Shirin Building Bridges Initiative, kodayake yawancin 'yan majalisarta sun yi adawa da shawarar. 

A zaɓen shekara ta 2022, Mwanìki ta fuskanci abokan hamayya shida don sake zaɓe, ciki har da Mūnyoro, wacce ta tsaya takara a matsayin memba na United Democratic Alliance.  Mwanìki ta yi kamfen kan ƙarin inganta kayayyakin more rayuwa da noma a cikin gida, da kuma "ƙarfafa matasa".  Duk da haka, Mūnyoro ta sha kaye, inda ta zo ta uku kuma ta sami ƙuri'u 27,213 ga Mūnyoro 8,810.  Jaridar *Daily Nation* ta danganta rashin nasararta da kurakuran kamfen da dama, ciki har da goyon bayanta ga BBI da ba a san ta ba a yankin, shawarar da ta yanke na yin kamfen akai-akai tare da ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa na Azimio Raila Odinga, da kuma wata matsala da ta bayyana cewa ta fi nuna alaƙa da Orange Democratic Movement fiye da jam'iyyarta ta Jubilee.  

## Manazarta

## Ƙarin karatu
 *

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Shigarwar ''Hansard''
* Shafin Majalisa
Jessica Nduku Kiko Mbalu

**Jessica Nduku Kiko Mbalu** 'yar siyasa ce 'yar ƙasar Kenya, daga WDM-K. Tana wakiltar mazaɓar Kibwezi ta Gabas a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa.  Ita memba ce a Ƙungiyar Mata 'Yan Majalisar Dokokin Kenya (KEWOPA). Ƙungiyar ta haɗa da mata 'yan majalisa daga Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa da Majalisar Dattawa. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Mbalu mata ce kuma uwa ce ga 'ya'ya biyu kuma ta kammala karatun digiri a Jami'ar Nairobi.  Tana da asalin Ukambani. 

## Manazarta

## Duba kuma

* Majalisar Dokokin Kenya ta 13
Margaret Kenyatta

**Margaret Gakuo Kenyatta** (an haife ta a ranar 8 ga watan Afrilu 1964) malamar makaranta ce 'yar ƙasar Kenya, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Uwargidan Shugaban Ƙasa ta ƙasar Kenya daga shekarun 2013 zuwa 2022. Tana auren Uhuru Kenyatta, tsohon shugaban ƙasar Kenya na yanzu.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Margaret Wanjiru Gakuo a ranar 8 ga watan Afrilu, 1964  ubanta ɗan ƙasar Kenya, Njuguna Gakuo, tsohuwar darakta a Kamfanin Jiragen Ƙasa na Kenya, da kuma uwa 'yar ƙasar Jamus, Magdalena.  Ta halarci Makarantar Kianda, Makarantar St. Andrews da ke Molo, Kenya, kuma ta sami digirin farko a fannin Ilimi daga Jami'ar Kenyatta. 

### Fafutukar zamantakewa
Kenyatta ta bayyana ra'ayinta kan wasu batutuwa da dama na zamantakewa a Kenya  wanda ya haɗa da lafiyar uwa da jariri.   Tana da sashin asibiti mai kula da jarirai bayan sunanta a can.  Kenyatta ta ƙarfafa marasa lafiya su yaƙi cutar kansa ta hanyar yin gwajin cutar kansar nono, mahaifa da mafitsara da wuri  da kuma magance ciwon suga ta hanyar ƙarfafa rayuwa mai kyau. Kenyatta kuma babbar mai goyon bayan shirye-shiryen ilimi da na agaji da yawa a Kenya, tana shiga cikin buɗe Kwalejin Sadaka ta WE a Gundumar Narok,  da kuma haɓaka kiyaye wurare da abubuwan tarihi. 

Ra'ayin jama'a game da ita a Kenya, ya fi mayar da hankali kan sauƙin salonta da halayenta, da kuma mummunan ra'ayi kan rashin kunyarta da ake gani. &#x5B; ** &#x5D; Tun lokacin da aka rantsar da shi, Kenyatta ya jagoranci wani kamfen, wanda aka yi wa laƙabi da Yaƙin Neman Zama na Baya,  don rage mace-macen mata a lokacin haihuwa. A ranar 24 ga watan Oktoba, 2014, an naɗa ta a matsayin Mutumin Shekara na Kenya.  Ita 'yar Katolika ce kuma tana aiki a matsayin ɗaliba na makarantar 'yan mata ta Katolika, Makarantar Kianda.

## Duba kuma

* Bayan Sifili

## Manazarta
Achta Derib

**Achta Derib** mata ce mai wasan motsa jiki daga Chadi .

## Tarihin rayuwa
Achta Derib ta lalace a cikin shekara ta 2008. a cikin shekara ta 2016, Achta Derib da sauran 'yan mata sun shiga ajin wasan motsa jiki a wata makaranta a wajen babban birnin, N'N"Djamena wacce firist na Jesuit na Chadi da shugaban kulob din Mutanen Espanya suka shirya, tare da tallafi daga Gidauniyar Ramón Grosso ta Spain.

A cikin 2020, Achta Derib da wasu 'yan mata 3 sun yi tafiya zuwa Spain don horar da su kafin Wasannin Olympics na Paris na 2024.

## Bayani
Carl Kuntz

**Carl Kuntz** (29 ga Yulin 1770, Mannheim - 8 ga Satumba 1830, Karlsruhe) ya kasance mai zane-zane na Jamus kuma mai zane-zanen ƙasa. Yawancin ayyukansa suna nuna dabbobi.

## Rayuwa da aiki
Ya halarci Kwalejin Zane ta Mannheim.[de] A can, ya yi karatun zane-zane, a cikin salon Dutch Masters, tare da  daga1791 zuwa 1792, ya yi tafiya a ko'ina cikin Switzerland da Arewacin Italiya. A wannan lokacin ya koyi buga takardu, kuma ya fi son abin da daga baya za a kira "painting en plein aire". Bayan ya dawo gida, ya kaddamar da aikinsa tare da fayil ɗin zane-zane da ake kira *Schwetzinger Stiche* (1793). Ba da daɗewa ba ya sami aiki na dindindin tare da  [de] (Chalcographic Society) a Dessau . Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai zane, amma kuma ya yi nasa aquatints.

A cikin 1804, ƙoƙarin  rufe alma mater, Cibiyar Nazarin, ta . Da yake an hana shi matsayi a can, ya yi ƙoƙari ya zama mai zane-zane na kotu don zaɓen da aka kafa kwanan nan na Baden. A cikin 1806, bayan da Electorate ya zama Grand Duchy na Baden, an ba shi izinin yin ado da  [de], kusa da Pforzheim, tare da shimfidar wurare. Ya zama mai zane-zane a kotu a 1808, kuma ya koma Karlsruhe, inda ya kirkiro al'amuran Lake Constance a .[de] Shekaru hudu bayan haka, an zaba shi don ba da darussan zane ga Grand Duchess Stephanie .

Ya  nuna dabbobi a cikin zane-zanensa bayan 1815, lokacin da ya yi kwafin zanen da Paulus Potter ("Spring Morning") ya zama sananne sosai ga masu daraja. A cikin 1818, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa  [de] (ƙungiyar masu zane-zane). A shekara ta 1829, Grand Duke Louis ya nada shi Darakta na Royal Gallery, amma ya mutu bayan ya rike wannan mukamin na shekara guda kawai.

Dalibansa sun  da 'ya'yansa ,  Rudolf da  [de], da kuma Ernst Fries, daga Heidelberg. Yana da wasu 'ya'ya maza biyu;  [de], lauyan gudanarwa, da Gustav (1807-1886), jami'in soja.

## Tushe

* Constantin von Wurzbach: "[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]. "A cikin:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich (Lexicon na Tarihi na Daular Austria). Sashe na 13 Kaiserlich-königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1865, p. 390 (DigitalizedRashin amfani da shi
* Alfred Woltmann: *Karl Kuntz*. A cikin: Badische Biographien. 1875, Sashe na 1, shafi na 487/488 (Online).&nbsp;
*  
* "Kuntz, Carl", A cikin: *Allgemeines Lexikon der Bildenden Künstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart*, Vol. 22: Krügner-Leitch, E. A. Seemann, Leipzig, 1928 shafuffuka 114-116&nbsp;
*  

## Haɗin waje

* Ƙarin ayyukan da Kuntz @ ArtNet ya yi
Badrunnessa Ahmed

**Begum Badrunnessa Ahmad** (3 Maris 1924 - 25 Mayu 1974)  'yar siyasa ce ta Bangladesh.  Ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Mata, Ilimi, Wasanni da Al'adu har zuwa rasuwarta a 1974.  

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Ahmed a ranar 3 ga Maris, 1924. A shekarar 1947, ta auri Nuruddin Ahmad, wani jami'i a Ma'aikatar Kula da Daji a gwamnatin Raj ta Burtaniya . Ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a Kwalejin Sylhet MC a shekarar 1953.  Ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu a fannin ilimi da kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Dhaka a shekarar 1961 da 1963 bi da bi. 

A shekarar 1944, Ahmed ta shiga Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Makarantar 'Yan Mata ta Abdullah Suhrawardi. Ta yi aiki don hana tarzomar addini a titin Mirzapur na Kolkata a lokacin tarzomar Kolkata ta 1946 a Ranar Aiki Kai Tsaye . Ta koma Gendaria, Dhaka, Gabashin Pakistan a shekarar 1951 bayan Raba Indiya . Ta kafa Makarantar Firamare ta Gendaria kuma memba ce ta kafa Kwalejin Fasaha ta Bulbul . Ta kasance memba na Kungiyar Mata ta Pakistan ta All Pakistan . A shekarar 1960, Ahmed ta fara aikin koyarwa a Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata Musulmi. Ta kuma shiga a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar makaranta a Kwalejin Lalmatia Mohila kuma ta yi ritaya a matsayin shugabar makarantar a shekarar 1973. 

Ahmed ta fara zama 'yar majalisa a zaɓen 'yan majalisa na Gabashin Bengali na 1954 a matsayin 'yar takarar jam'iyyar United Front .  A shekarar 1966, Ahmed ta zama shugabar kafa reshen mata na jam'iyyar Awami League .  Daga nan ta kafa Gana Shanskritik Parishad.  A babban zaɓen 1970, an zaɓe ta a matsayin 'yar majalisa a matsayin 'yar takarar Awami League . 

## Mutuwa da gado

Ahmed ya mutu sakamakon cutar kansa a ranar 25 ga Mayu 1974 a Dhaka tana da shekaru 50. An ba ta kyautar Ranar 'Yanci a shekarar 1999 bayan rasuwarta saboda ayyukanta na zamantakewa. Tana da 'ya mace, Nasreen Ahmad, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar jami'ar Dhaka .

Bayan rasuwarta, Firayim Minista na wancan lokacin Sheikh Mujibur Rahman ya canza sunan Kwalejin Mata ta Gwamnati ta Bakshibazar zuwa Kwalejin 'Yan Mata ta Gwamnati ta Begum Badrunnesa bayan sunanta. 

## Manazarta
Ostrach

**Ostrach** (pronunciation Jamus: []) wata karamar hukuma ce a cikin gundumar Sigmaringen a Baden-Württemberg a Jamus .

## Yanayin ƙasa
Ostrach yana tsakanin Danube da Lake Constance, game da rabin tsakanin Sigmaringen da Ravensburg. Yana kwance a kan rafin da ake kira da wannan sunan, wanda ke wucewa ta hanyar ƙanƙara tsakanin ƙanƙarar da Rhine Glacier ya bari a ƙarshen zamanin kankara na ƙarshe. Yankin yana da tuddai da itatuwa. Yankunan da aka watsar a arewa da kudu na ƙauyen Jettkofen sun haifar da ƙananan tabkuna.

## Tarihi
Magana ta farko game da Ostrach ta faru ne a shekara ta 851. A cikin karni na 13, yankin ya wuce sannu a hankali daga Daular Romawa Mai Tsarki zuwa hannun gidan ibada na Salem.

A ranar 21 ga Maris 1799 sojojin Austrian da Faransa sun yi yaƙi a Ostrach . A cikin 1803, a cikin Jamusanci Mediatisation, Ostrach da Bachhaupten sun shiga hannun gidan Thurn und Taxis, kuma a cikin 1806 an haɗa su cikin ƙasashen gidan Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.

An buɗe layin jirgin ƙasa Altshausen-Ostrach-Pfullendorf a cikin 1875. Jirgin jigilar kaya na karshe ya ratsa Ostrach a ranar 31 ga Yuli 2002.

A ranar 1 ga Janairun 1975 ƙauyukan da ke kewaye da Burgweiler (tare da Dichtenhausen, Hahnennest, Ochsenbach, Waldbeuren, Ulzhausen, Egelreute), Einhart, Habsthal (tare da Bernweiler), Jettkofen, Kalkreute, Laubbach, Levertsweiler, Magenbuch (tare da Lausheim), Spöck, Tafertsweiler (tare le Bachhaupten, Eschendorf, da Gunzenhausen), Wangen, da Wirnsstrach.

## Magajin gari

* 1975-2007: Herbert Barth (CDU) 
* 2007-2023: Christoph Schulz (CDU) 
* tun daga 2023: Lena Burth (mai zaman kanta)

## 'Ya'ya maza da mata na garin

* Eduard Schmid (1861-1933), ɗan siyasa (SPD), 1919-1924 Ubangiji Magajin garin Munich
* Reinhold Frank (an haife shi a shekara ta 1896-1945), an haife shi ne a gundumar Bachhaupten ta yau, lauya, mai gwagwarmayar adawa da kwaminisanci na kasa, an kashe shi bayan kisan Hitler na 20 ga Yuli 1944

## Manazarta
Khurshid Jahan

**Begum Khurshida Jahan Haq** (11 ga Agusta 1939 – 14 ga Yuni 2006  ) 'Yar siyasa ce ta Bangladesh wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Harkokin Mata da Yara na Bangladesh daga 2001 zuwa 2006, tana aiki a ƙarƙashin 'yar uwarta, Firayim Minista Khaleda Zia .  A lokacin da take kan mulki, ta yi aiki don dakile safarar mata da yara a Bangladesh, da kuma samar da shirye-shirye da ayyuka don gyara tsoffin waɗanda aka yi safarar mutane .     

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Khurshid Jahan Haq a ranar 11 ga Agusta, 1939 a Balaburi, a gundumar Dinajpur ta Fadar Shugaban Bengal . Ta fito daga dangin Musulmi 'yan Bengali ne, kuma asalinta a Fulgazi ne, gundumar Feni . Ita 'yar Iskandar Ali Majumder ce, ɗan wani mai shayi, wanda shi ma ɗan Salamat Ali Majumdar ne, wanda ɗan Azgar Ali Majumdar ne, wanda ɗan Nahar Muhammad Khan ne, wanda ɗan Murad Khan ne, wani baƙo daga Gabas ta Tsakiya na ƙarni na 16.   Mahaifiyarta, Taiyaba Majumder, 'yar Chandbari ce (yanzu tana cikin gundumar Uttar Dinajpur ).  

Bayan kammala karatunta daga makarantun yankin, ta halarci Kwalejin Kumudini inda ta sami digirin BA a shekarar 1958.  A lokacin karatunta na kwaleji, ta kasance mai himma a fannin gwamnatin ɗalibai kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin Sakatare na Ƙungiyar Ɗalibai a 1956–57. 

## Sana'a
Jahan ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban jam'iyyar Nationalist Party ta Bangladesh, kuma a shekarar 1991 aka naɗa ta a matsayin 'yar majalisa (MP) a kujerar da aka keɓe ga mata. Daga baya an sake zaɓe ta sau biyu a matsayin 'yar majalisa daga mazabar Dinajpur-3, a 1996 da 2001. An ba ta mukamin Ministar Harkokin Mata da Yara a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 2001, kuma ta riƙe wannan matsayi har zuwa rasuwarta a 2006.

## Manazarta
Violet Cowden

**Violet Cowden** (1 ga Oktoba, 1916 - 10 ga Afrilu, 2011) ta kasance matukin jirgin sama na Amurka wanda ta yi aiki a matsayin memba ta Matan Jiragen Sama na Sojojin Sama (WASP) a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu . Cowden tana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka tsira daga cikin WASP 1,074, waɗanda su ne mata na farko da suka tashi da jiragen saman Amurka.  

An haifi Cowden **Violet Thurn** kuma ta girma a wata gona a Bowdle, South Dakota .  Ta koyar da ɗaliban aji na farko a Spearfish, South Dakota. 

An ba Cowden lasisin matukin jirgin kafin Amurka ta shiga Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu .  Da farko ta shiga cikin shirin agajin gaggawa na mata masu sa kai bayan harin Pearl Harbor a watan Disamba na 1941.  Duk da haka, kafin fara horon ta na asali, Cowden ta shiga wani shiri na mata na dukkan-duka wanda Jacqueline Cochran da Janar Hap Arnold suka ƙirƙira ta hanyar Rundunar Sojojin Sama, wanda aka kira Matan Jiragen Sama, ko WASP.  Duk da haka, Cowden wacce nauyinta ya kai fam 92 kacal kuma tsayinta ya kai ƙafa 5-2-inci a lokacin, ta yi gajarta kuma ba ta da sauƙi don shiga WASPs.  Don ƙara nauyi da sauri, ta ci ayaba ta sha madara kuma don ta yi tsayi, ta ɗaure gashinta da nadewa.  Ta sami nasarar ƙara fam takwas da inci biyu da ake buƙata don shiga. 

An nada Cowden a matsayin memba ta WASPs a watan Maris na 1943.  Ta yi nasarar tashi jirginta na farko shi kaɗai a ranar 5 ga Maris, 1943. 

WASPs, ciki har da Cowden, sun zama mata na farko a tarihin Amurka da suka tuka jiragen saman Amurka. [1] Cowden da sauran membobin WASP ba su ga yaƙi ba a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. [1] Manufarsu ita ce su tashi da jiragen saman soja daga masana'antun sojoji na cikin gida zuwa wuraren horo ko sansanonin soja a Amurka . [1] Cowden ta zama ɗaya daga cikin WASP 114 kacal da suka tashi da jiragen saman yaƙi a lokacin yaƙin, ciki har da P-47 Thunderbolt, P-39 AiraCobra, P-63 Kingcobra, da kuma abin da ta fi so da kuma "ƙaunar rayuwarta," P-51 Mustang.

Cowden, wacce ta daɗe tana zaune a Huntington Beach, California,  ta ci gaba da kasancewa mai himma a harkokin al'umma a tsawon rayuwarta. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Babban Mashal na Huntington Beach's Independence Day .  Cowden kuma memba ce a kwamitin gudanarwa na Bolsa Chica Land Trust kuma ta halarci bikin Ranar Tsoffin Sojoji na birnin da kuma gyara bakin teku.  Ta shiga cikin "Tarihin Rayuwa" inda tsoffin sojoji na Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu suka yi jawabai da gabatarwa a makarantun sakandare a kudancin California .  kuma tana cikin Hukumar Daraktoci a Gidan Tarihi na Yanks Air da ke Chino, California inda suke nuna jiragen yaƙi da yawa da ta tashi a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu kuma yanzu suna nuna kayan WASP ɗinta.

## Manazarta
Bernice Falk Haydu

**Bernice "Bee" S. Falk Haydu** (Disamba 15, 1920 - Janairu 30, 2021) ta kasance matukin jirgin sama na Amurka kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin Matan Jirgin Sama na Sojojin Sama (WASP) a Yaƙin Duniya na II . Haydu ta ci gaba da aiki a fannin sufurin jiragen sama kuma ta ci gaba da fafutukar kare mata matukan jirgin sama.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Bernice Falk a watan Disamba na shekarar 1920 kuma ta girma a Montclair, New Jersey . Ta kammala karatun sakandare a can a shekarar 1938. A lokacin da take aiki a matsayin sakatare, ta shiga azuzuwan jiragen sama a ƙarshen mako, saboda ɗan'uwanta Lloyd yana cikin Rundunar Sojan Sama kuma ta gano cewa tana son tashi da jirgin sama. A shekarar 1944 ta halarci horon jiragen sama na WASP a Sweetwater, Texas . 

## Sana'a

Bayan kammala horo a watan Maris na 1944, an tura Bee Falk zuwa filin jirgin saman Pecos Army a matsayin matukin gwajin injiniya da kuma matukin jirgin sama na sauran shirin WASP. Bayan yakin, Bee Haydu ta yi jigilar jiragen sama ta bude dillalin Cessna . Ta mallaki makarantar koyon jirgin sama tare da wasu tsoffin sojoji da dama, kuma ta yi aiki a Indamer, wani kamfanin New York wanda ke sayar da sassan jiragen sama ga Indiya. Ta kuma halarci nunin jiragen sama, da kuma a cikin wasannin Powder Puff Derbies guda biyu.  A shekarar 1971, ta ji rauni mai tsanani a lokacin da take fasinja a wani jirgin sama a Ottawa. 

Ta kasance shugabar ƙungiyar Order of Fifinella, ƙungiyar tsofaffin ɗalibai ta WASPs, daga 1975 zuwa 1978; [1] a lokacin da take aiki, Majalisar Wakilai ta amince da WASPs a matsayin tsoffin sojoji. [2] Daga 1978 zuwa 1980, ta kasance shugabar ƙungiyar mata sojoji. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyi uku da suka rage a WASPs da ke Ofishin Oval a 2009, lokacin da Barack Obama ya ba WASPs lambar zinare ta Congressional Medal saboda hidimarsu. [3] Haydu ta sami digirin girmamawa daga Kwalejin Fasaha da Fasaha ta Vaughn a 2015. [4]

## Manazarta