Toxidrome

**Toxidrome** wani ciwo ne da ke haifar da mummunan matakin guba a cikin jiki. Sau da yawa shi ne sakamakon yawan maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi. Alamomin gama gari sun haɗa da dizziness, disorientation, tashin zuciya, amai da oscillopsia. Yana iya nuna gaggawar likita da ke buƙatar magani a cibiyar sarrafa guba. Baya ga guba, kamuwa da cuta na iya haifar da guda ɗaya. An gabatar da magungunan toxidromes na al'ada a ƙasa, waɗanda ke da canji  ko kuma sun ruɗe ta hanyar haɗa magunguna da yawa. 

Ya kasamce wani ciwo ne da yake a jikina dan Adam Wanda ya kan haifar Mashi da matsaloli dama daban.

## Anticholinergic

Alamomin maganin guba na anticholinergic sun hada da hangen nesa, coma, raguwar sautin hanji, delirium, bushewar fata, zazzabi, flushing, hallucinations, ileus, asarar kwakwalwar ajiya, mydriasis (alalibai dilated), myoclonus, psychosis, seizures da rikewar fitsari. Matsalolin sun hada da hauhawar jini, hyperthermia da tachycardia. Abubuwan da ka iya haifar da wannan guba sun hada da antihistamines, antipsychotics, antidepressants, antiparkinsonian drugs, atropine, benztropine, datura, diphenhydramine da scopolamine. [3]
## Cholinergic
Alamomin cholinergic toxidrome sun hada da bronchorrhea, rudani, bayan gida, diaphoresis, zawo, emesis, lacrimation, miosis, fasciculations tsoka, salivation, seizures, urination da rauni. Matsalolin sun hada da bradycardia, hypothermia da tachypnea. Abubuwan da zasu iya haifar da wannan guba sun hada da carbamates, namomin kaza da organophosphates.

## Hallucinogenic

Alamomin hallucinogenic toxidrome sun haɗa da ɓacin rai, hallucinations, sautin hanji mai ƙarfi, firgita da tashin hankali. Matsalolin sun haɗa da hauhawar jini, tachycardia da tachypnea. Abubuwan da zasu iya haifar da wannan guba sun haɗa da maye gurbin amphetamines, cocaine da phencyclidine.

## Opiate
Alamomin opiate toxidrome sun haɗa da classic triad of coma, ƙwararrun ɗalibai da baƙin ciki na numfashi[3] da kuma canjin yanayin tunani, girgiza, edema na huhu da rashin amsawa. Matsalolin sun hada da bradycardia, hypotension da hypothermia. Abubuwan da zasu iya haifar da wannan guba sune opioids.

## Sedative/hypnotic

Alamomin cutar shan inna / hypnotic toxidrome sun haɗa da ataxia, hangen nesa, coma, rudani, delirium, tabarbarewar ayyukan tsarin jijiya na tsakiya, diplopia, dysesthesias, hallucinations, nystagmus, paresthesias, kwantar da hankali, slurred magana da rashin hankali. Apnea mai yuwuwar rikitarwa. Abubuwan da ka iya haifar da shi sun haɗa da anticonvulsants, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid, Methaqualone da ethanol. Duk da yake mafi yawan masu kwantar da hankali-hypnotics sune anticonvulsant, wasu irin su GHB da methaqualone maimakon su rage matakin kamawa, don haka na iya haifar da rikice-rikice a cikin fiye da kima.

## Sympathomimetic

Alamomin cutar toxidrome na sympathomimetic sun haɗa da tashin hankali, ruɗi, diaphoresis, hyperreflexia, mydriasis, paranoia, piloerection da seizures. Matsalolin sun haɗa da hauhawar jini da tachycardia. Abubuwan da zasu iya haifar da wannan guba sun haɗa da cocaine, amphetamine da mahadi bisa tsarin amphetamine kamar ephedrine (Ma Huang), methamphetamine, phenylpropanolamine da pseudoephedrine. Bronchodilator salbutamol kuma na iya haifar da wannan guba. Yana iya bayyana kama da maganin toxicolinergic, amma an bambanta shi da sautin hanji mai yawan motsa jiki da gumi.[3]

## Manazarta