Claude Nelson-Williams

**Thomas Claudius Nelson-Williams**, MBBS (30 Mayu 1927 - 10 Afrilu 1989), wanda aka fi sani da **Claude Nelson-Williams** likita ne na Saliyo, ɗan siyasa, kuma shugaban jama'a wanda ya taka rawa a siyasar Saliyo tsakanin shekarun 1960 zuwa 1980.

An haife shi a cikin dangin kwararru wanda ke aiki a siyasar mulkin mallaka a Saliyo, Nelson-Williams yana daga cikin masu sana'a na farko na mulkin mallaka don shiga cikin siyasar Saliyo kuma yana aiki a cikin siyasar SLPP da kuma Majalisar Birnin Freetown. Tare da wasu masu sana'a kamar Gershon Collier da Raymond Sarif Easmon, ya kasance daga cikin ƙaramin rukuni na masu sana'ar Creole da ke aiki a fagen siyasa daga shekarun 1960.

Ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Majalisar Dokokin Birnin Freetown kuma ya tsaya takarar Majalisar a akalla sau uku. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin darekta na Bankin Saliyo a shekarun 1960.  

Kisan shi da aka yi a farkon 1989 ya yi kamari a yammacin Afirka kuma ya haifar da tashin hankali a Saliyo, musamman a cikin al'ummar Creole da kuma abokan aikinsa na sana'a da siyasa. 

## Bayanan baya da farkon rayuwa

An haifi Claude Nelson-Williams a ranar 30 ga Mayu 1927 a titin 37 Percival Street, Freetown, Saliyo .  An yi masa rajista a lokacin haihuwa tare da cikakken sunan "Thomas Claudius Nelson-Williams." Duk da haka, tun yana ƙarami, an san shi da sunan "Claude Nelson-Williams" kuma a hukumance a matsayin "Thomas Claude Nelson-Williams."

Shi ne na biyu cikin yara biyar da aka haifa wa Thomas Edward Nelson-Williams (1894-1960), barrister, da Malphina Dorothea Nelson-Williams, née Jenkins-Johnston (1904-1989), malami kuma ma'aikacin jinya. Duk da cewa dangin daga baya sun yi hijira zuwa Najeriya a 1939, duk ’yan uwansa hudu an haife su ne a Freetown kuma uku sun cancanta a matsayin kwararru wato lauyoyi da kuma aikin koyarwa. Iyalin sun zauna a Murray Town a kan gidan iyali da ake kira "Dorolene" wanda shine inda Claude Nelson-Williams da 'yan uwansa suka girma a lokacin ƙuruciyarsu a Saliyo. Iyayensa 'yan kabilar Creole ne, zuriyar 'yantattu kuma wadanda a da suka bautar da 'yan asalin Afirka kuma sun fito ne daga fitattun iyalai na Freetown da suka tsunduma cikin siyasar mulkin mallaka.  Thomas Edward Nelson-Williams ɗan Methodist ne na Wesleyan kuma yana da alaƙa da Cocin Wesley, Freetown. An haifi Malphina Nelson-Williams a cikin dangin Anglican kuma tana da alaƙa da St George's Cathedral a Freetown .

Thomas Edward Nelson-Williams lauya ne wanda ya yi karatu kuma ya cancanci zama lauya a Biritaniya . Ya kasance zamani na ƙwararrun ƙwararrun Saliyo da 'yan siyasa ciki har da Claude Emile Wright, Ernest Samuel Beoku-betts da Salako Benka-Coker . Aboki ne na kud da kud na Claude Emile Wright da Salako Benka-Coker dukansu sun bambanta kansu a Saliyo Bar. Thomas Nelson-Williams ya yi aiki a matsayin kansila na birni a Majalisar Birni ta Freetown kuma daga baya aka zabe shi a matsayin Memba mara hukuma a Majalisar Dokoki ta mulkin mallaka .    Thomas Edward Nelson-Williams shi ma fitaccen mason 'yanci ne, wanda ya kasance muhimmin abin shagala a tsakanin mazan Creole, ko da yake dansa Claude Nelson-Williams bai shiga aikin sana'a ba.

Malphina Nelson-Williams malama ce da ta koyar a makarantu da yawa a Freetown . Daga baya ta cancanci zama ma'aikaciyar jinya mai rijista a Ingila kuma ta kasance mai himma tare da ƙungiyoyin mata a Saliyo tare da sauran shugabannin siyasa na Creole kamar Constance Agatha Cummings-John.

## Ilimi

Nelson-Williams ya yi karatu a Makarantar Firamare ta Bathurst Street sannan daga baya a Makarantar Cocin Samariya da Makarantar Model ta Gwamnati a Freetown, Saliyo .  Makarantar Cocin Samariya tana da alaƙa da Cocin Samariya wanda ƴan Afirka masu 'yanci suka kafa. Gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Burtaniya ce ke tafiyar da Makarantar Model ta Gwamnati. A Saliyo ‘yan mulkin mallaka, makarantun coci-coci ne suka fi ba da ilimi a matakin firamare baya ga makarantun gwamnati. Makarantun addini galibi Anglican ne ko Methodist amma kuma sun haɗa da makarantun da Countess of Huntingdon Connection ta samar. Waɗannan makarantun sun sami halartar ƙananan ƴan Creole da ke zaune a tsohuwar Mallaka ta Saliyo .

Lokacin da danginsa suka yi hijira zuwa Najeriya a 1939 inda mahaifinsa ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya kuma alkali, Nelson-Williams ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Igbobi da ke Legas, Najeriya .  Kwalejin Igbobi wata fitacciyar makaranta ce da ta ja hankalin fitattun 'yan aji na Yarabawa na Legas. Nelson-Williams ya halarci wannan makaranta tare da babban yayansa, Horatio James Edward Nelson-Williams (1925-1955), wanda daga baya ya ci gaba da karatun shari'a a Kwalejin Brasenose a Jami'ar Oxford kuma ya cancanta a matsayin barrister. Sauran ’yan’uwansa uku kuma za su yi karatu a Saliyo ko Biritaniya don neman ilimi mai zurfi.

### Karatun likitanci
Bayan kammala karatunsa a Kwalejin Igbobi, ya wuce Jami'ar Durham da ke Ingila a shekarar 1948, inda ya kammala digirin MBBS a fannin likitanci, inda ya kammala karatunsa a 1955 a matsayin memba na Kwalejin King, wacce ita ce kwalejin likitanci a Jami'ar Durham wadda a karshe ta kafa Jami'ar Newcastle .   Digiri na MBBS ya kasance digiri na shekaru shida na likita wanda ya ba wa ɗalibai cancantar kammala zama a gida a likitanci.

Jami'ar Durham tana da doguwar dangantaka da Saliyo ta hanyar alaƙa da Kwalejin Fourah Bay a 1876. Abubuwan da aka tanada na wannan tsari ya bai wa 'yan Saliyo damar kammala karatun digiri na Jami'ar Durham a Kwalejin Fourah Bay. Thomas Edward Nelson-Williams, mahaifin Nelson-Williams, ya kammala digirinsa na farko a Kwalejin Fourah Bay. Wasu fitattun 'yan kasar Saliyo da dama da suka hada da Sir Milton Margai, Firayim Minista na farko na Saliyo, Robert Wellesley-Cole, dan Afirka ta Yamma na farko da ya cancanta a matsayin likitan tiyata a Royal College of Surgeons da ke Ingila, da Raymond Sarif Easmon likitan likitanci kuma kwararren marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, sun kammala karatunsu na likitanci a Jami'ar Durham wadda ke da alaka da Kwalejin Fourah Bay0 .

## Aikin likita

Bayan karatunsa a Jami'ar Durham, Nelson-Williams ya shiga gidansa a asibitin Queen Elizabeth da ke Gateshead inda ya kasance babban jami'in gida kuma jami'in kula da wadanda suka jikkata. A wannan lokacin ne aka jera shi a cikin Likitan Likitoci da suka cancanci yin aikin likita. 

Bayan zaman gidansa a Asibitin Sarauniya Elizabeth, Nelson-Williams ya koma Freetown, Saliyo inda ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in lafiya a Asibitin Kolejin Fourah Bay .   

Daga baya ya shiga aikin sirri a matsayin likita a 33 Pultney Street, Freetown inda ya rike masu rike da kamfanoni da kamfanoni da yawa ciki har da Kamfanin United Africa da Bankin Kasuwancin Saliyo .

Nelson-Williams ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kungiyar likitocin Saliyo tsakanin 1958 da 1959.  Ƙungiyar Likitoci ɗaya ce daga cikin ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru da yawa kamar ƙungiyar lauyoyin Saliyo waɗanda ƙwararru suka kafa a Saliyo.

## Rayuwar siyasa da aiki

Nelson-Williams da ƙaramin ɗan'uwansa, John Arnold Nelson-Wiliams (1932-2008), sun kasance masu aiki a siyasar Saliyo. An zabi John a Majalisar dokokin Saliyo kuma ya rike mukamin ministoci a matsayin Ministan Bayanai da watsa shirye-shirye. Kodayake ba a taba zabar Claude a majalisa ba kuma ba ta rike mukamin ministoci ba, idan aka kwatanta da ƙananan ƙwararrun ƙwararrun Creole da ke da hannu a siyasar mulkin mallaka, yana da tasiri sosai a siyasar Saliyo a cikin shekarun 1960 kuma ya ci gaba da kasancewa da tasirin siyasa daga wannan lokacin zuwa gaba.

Shigar da ’yan’uwan Nelson-William a cikin siyasa wani ɓangare ne na dogon al’adar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun Creole suna shiga siyasa. Yawancin 'yan siyasa na Creole da masu sharhi kan siyasa irin su Albert Whiggs Easmon, Emmanuel Cummings, Herbert Bankole-Bright, Ernest Beoku-Betts, da Eustace Henry Taylor Cummings sun kasance ƙwararrun ƙwararrun likitoci da shari'a waɗanda suka yi karatu a Biritaniya . Wannan jiga-jigan siyasa na Creole sun mamaye cibiyoyi kamar Majalisar Birni ta Freetown da Majalisar Dokoki ta mulkin mallaka .

Iyalan Nelson-Williams da Jenkins-Johnston suma suna da al'adar taka rawa a siyasar mulkin mallaka na Saliyo wato a majalisar birnin Freetown da kuma majalisar dokokin mulkin mallaka . Thomas Edward Nelson-Williams, mahaifin ’yan’uwan Nelson-William, ya yi aiki a matsayin kansila a Majalisar Garin Freetown kuma daga baya ya yi aiki a Majalisar Dokoki. James Jenkins Johnston, mahaifin Malphina Nelson-Williams, shi ma ya yi aiki a matsayin kansila a Majalisar Garin Freetown, kuma ƙanin Malphina, James Jenkins-Johnston ya yi aiki a Majalisar Freetown shi ma. James Blyden Jenkins-Johnston, ɗan'uwan 'yan'uwan Nelson-Williams, ya kasance mai ba da shawara na gari ko kuma mai ba da shawara na shari'a ga majalisar birnin Freetown kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Birnin Freetown tsakanin 1983 zuwa 1989.

### Memba na SLPP kuma memba na PNP

Siyasa na zamanin mulkin mallaka da kuma lokacin mulkin mallaka na gaba sun kasance suna da rikice-rikice tsakanin mazaunan mulkin mallaka ya Saliyo da mutanen Saliyo.[1] Kodayake Creoles da Okus ne ke zaune a mulkin mallaka kuma Protectorate sun ƙunshi kabilun da yawa ciki har da Mende, Temne, da Limba, ilimi ya fi mayar da hankali kan rarrabuwar siyasa tsakanin Creoles da mazaunan Protectorate na Saliyo gaba ɗaya.[1] Koyaya, duk da matsayi mai rikitarwa na siyasa tsakanin ɓangarorin al'ummar Creole da kabilun da ke cikin ƙauyuka, ƙananan Creoles kamar Claude Nelson-Williams da John Nelson Williams, ba tare da yin sulhu da matsayinsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙwararrun ƙwararrun Creole ba, sun nemi shiga cikin siyasa ta ƙasa daga wani bangare mai haɗa kai fiye da na wasu tsofaffin takwarorinsu na Creole.

Matasa masu ilimi da masu sana'a na Creole irin su Raymond Sarif Easmon, Thomas Decker, Nuhu Arthur Cox-George, tare da 'yan'uwan Nelson-Williams, ko da yake wani ɓangare na Creole babba da na tsakiya, sun shiga tare da wasu ƙungiyoyin siyasa daga matsayi daban-daban fiye da tsofaffin 'yan siyasa na Creole irin su Herbert Bankole-Bright da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu irin su Settles Union .  

Ko da yake da farko yana da alaƙa da UPP sannan kuma jam'iyyar Saliyo Peoples Party ko SLPP Party, Claude Nelson-Williams, ya kasance memba na jam'iyyar People's National Party ko PNP a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 da 1960. Claude Nelson-Williams yayi aiki a Majalisar Zartarwa ta PNP tare da babban abokinsa, Gershon Collier . PNP wani tsattsauran ra'ayi ne na jam'iyyar SLPP wanda ya ƙunshi ƴan matasa matasa ciki har da ƙaramin ƙarni na Creoles waɗanda ke da alaƙa da Sir Albert Margai, lauya wanda ƙani ne ga Sir Milton Margai . Duk da haka, daga baya PNP ta hade cikin SLPP kuma Claude Nelson-Williams kuma ya koma SLPP. 

### Shugaban Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Majalisar Garin Freetown (FCC) (1964)
Bayan murabus din magajin gari da majalisar birnin Freetown a cikin 1964, an nada Claude Nelson-Williams ya zama Shugaban Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Majalisar Garin Freetown a 1964. Ya yi aiki a wannan matsayi har sai da aka zaba Siaka Stevens a matsayin magajin garin Freetown.

### Yin takarar kujerar majalisa
Nelson-Williams ya yi takara bai yi nasara ba a matsayin ɗan takara mai zaman kansa na Majalisar Saliyo a 1962, ya tsaya a matsayin mai riƙe da tutar jam’iyyar SLPP a 1967, kuma ya yi takara a 1985. Ya tsaya takarar zama dan majalisa na Wilberforce, gundumar Saliyo a 1962 kuma ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Cyril Rogers-Wright, lauyan Creole, wanda shine mai rike da tutar SLPP . Daga nan sai ya tsaya takara a matsayin dan takarar jam’iyyar SLPP a zaben 1967 inda aka rika yada labarin cewa jam’iyyar SLPP ta fadi zabe.

Kusan shekaru ashirin bayan haka a 1985, Nelson-Williams ya tsaya takarar dan majalisa a mazabar Freetown West III da ’yan takara da suka hada da Franklyn Ernest David Cline-Thomas, wani ma’aikacin gwamnati kuma dan kasuwa Creole mai ritaya wanda aka fi sani da 'Teddy' ko 'FED Cline-Thomas', Mohamed Sallu Thomas, Oku tsohon ma'aikacin gwamnati, da Harmamac Kamara dan takarar Kamara, kuma p.  

## Nasarorin da kuma ganewa
An nada Claude Nelson-Williams a matsayin darekta na Bankin Saliyo a 1964 kuma ya yi aiki a wannan aikin har zuwa 1967 lokacin da ya yi murabus daga mukamin darekta.  

Ya yi aiki a matsayin jagoranci a cikin ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru da na nishaɗi ciki har da shugaban ƙungiyar likitocin Saliyo da kuma shugaban ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Saliyo. 

### Sha'awar kasuwanci
Nelson-Williams kuma yana da sha'awar kasuwanci da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da hannun jari a Kamfanin Marble Tile Construction Limited da Ma Cherie Limited. Ya kuma kasance mai hannun jari kuma manajan darakta na kamfanin Sabanoh Pharmaceuticals Limited a shekarun 1970s.

Ta hanyar yunƙurin kasuwancinsa, Nelson-Williams ya ba da gudummawa da yawa ga al'amuran jama'a. A matsayinsa na manajan darakta na kamfanin Sabanoh Pharmaceutical Limited, ya ba da gudummawar magunguna da dama don fadada asibitin Maforki da ke Port Loko a shekarun 1970. A matsayinsa na mai hannun jari na Kamfanin Marble Tile Construction Company Limited, ya ba da gudummawa ga Asusun OAU wanda zai ba da gudummawar shirye-shiryen Saliyo don karbar bakuncin taron kungiyar hadin kan Afirka a 1980.

## Daga baya rayuwa
Nelson-Williams ya kasance ɗan Wesleyan Methodist na rayuwa kuma memba ne na Wesley Methodist Church a Lamina Sankoh Street (tsohon titin Trelawney), wanda shine cocin dangin dangin mahaifinsa.

A cikin shekaru na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa, a waje da aikin likitancinsa da sha'awar kasuwanci, Nelson-Williams ya shafe lokaci a cikin ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun abokai masu ra'ayi a Brookfields Hotel.

## Harkar siyasa da bayar da shawarwarin zamantakewa a cikin shekarun baya

Ko da yake Nelson-Williams ya ci gaba da sha'awar zaɓen majalisar dokoki, shi ma yana da rawar da ya taka a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan zamantakewa a ƙarshen shekarun rayuwarsa.  Ya kasance mai sukar gwamnatin Siaka Stevens da Joseph Saidu Momoh a cikin 1970s da 1980s.

Mummunan cin hanci da rashawa da tashe-tashen hankula da gwamnati ta amince da su, wanda ke nuni da hukuncin kisa na Mohamed Sorie Forna da kuma kisan Samuel Lansana Bangura, wanda ake zargin gwamnatin Saliyo ta amince da shi, ya fuskanci kakkausar suka daga mutanen Saliyo irin su Nelson-Williams da Raymond Sarif Easmon.  Gwamnatin Siaka Stevens ta daure Easmon na ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin 1970s kuma a ƙarshe dangi da abokai sun gamsu da su daina sukar gwamnatin Siaka Stevens. Nelson-Williams zai ci gaba da sukar cin hanci da rashawa da tashe-tashen hankula daga jihar kuma wasu rahotanni a lokacin mutuwarsa sun bayyana cewa gwamnatin Saliyo ta yi taka-tsan-tsan da sukar sa.

## Bayan haka
Bayan shari'ar kisan da aka yi wa Nelson-Williams, an yanke wa Alhadi hukuncin kisa a shekarar 1992 tare da wasu na'urori hudu na kisan.  Daga nan ne aka shirya zartar da hukuncin kisa kan Alhadi bayan samunsa da laifin kashe Nelson-Williams, amma aka yi masa sassauci kuma gwamnati ta mayar da hukuncin daurin rai da rai.  Daga bisani dakarun wanzar da zaman lafiya suka kashe Alhadi a shekarar 1997 a lokacin yakin basasar Saliyo.

Bayan hidimar jana'izar a Cocin Methodist na Wesley a ranar 16 ga Afrilu 1989, an binne Nelson-Williams a makabartar King Tom da ke yammacin karshen Freetown.  Ya rasu ya bar iyalansa da suka hada da kannensa guda uku.

## Gado
Masana tarihi da siyasar Saliyo sun ba da misali da 'yan siyasar Saliyo da ƙwararru irin su Claude Nelson-Williams, Berthan Macaulay, Raymond Sarif Easmon, John Karefa-Smart, Mohamed Sorie Forna, Ibrahim Bash Taqi, da Gershon Collier a matsayin wani ɓangare na farkon waɗanda suka biyo bayan mulkin mallaka da shugabannin al'umma waɗanda suka fito da haƙƙin 'yan siyasa na Saliyo.  tashin hankali da gwamnati ta amince da shi, da cin hanci da rashawa.

A matsayin wani ɓangare na 'yan tsiraru na Creole, 'yan Saliyo irin su Claude Nelson-Williams da ɗan'uwansa, John, Berthan Macaulay, da Raymond Sarif Easmon sun kasance wani ɓangare na 'yan siyasar Creole masu tsattsauran ra'ayi wanda, sabanin yanayin sannu-sannu na raguwar tasirin Creole a cikin siyasa, sun taka rawar gani da tasiri a cikin yanayin siyasar Saliyo.  Wadannan matasa 'yan kasar Saliyo sun haɗu da nasarar sana'a tare da jagorancin jama'a da siyasa, kuma a cikin jam'iyya daya sun biya rayukansu ko kuma an daure su a kurkuku.