open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Onuora Abuah

**Anthony Onuora Abuah** Listen ⓘ ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Najeriya-Birtaniya, daraktan fina-finai, furodusa kuma marubuci.    

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haife shi a Kenya ga uba ɗan Najeriya-Igbo kuma mahaifiyar ƙabilar Tutsi ta Rwanda / Uganda .  Ya yi yarintarsa a tsakiyar Afirka da yammacinta kafin iyalansa suka ƙaura zuwa Switzerland a Turai a 1995.  Onuora ya halarci Makarantar Burtaniya ta Lomé inda ya shafe shekaru uku yana aiki kuma aka ba shi damar inganta rubuce-rubucensa da ƙwarewarsa ta wasan kwaikwayo. ,  kafin ya koma Burtaniya don halartar Jami'ar Plymouth kuma daga baya ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin shirya fina-finai daga Makarantar Fim ta Tsakiya .

## Sana'a

## Mai wasan kwaikwayo
Bayan ya zauna a Cardiff na tsawon shekaru kaɗan, Onuora ya shiga Kamfanin Wasan Kwaikwayo na Matasa na MeWe da ke Landan, inda aka yi masa wasan kwaikwayo game da tsohon bawa wanda ya zama marubuci, Olaudah Equiano . Daga baya ya taka rawar Olaudah Equiano a wani ɗan gajeren fim daga kamfanin Talawa Theatre don Gidan Tarihi na Victoria &amp;amp; Albert . Fim ɗinsa na farko ya kasance a cikin fim ɗin Tony Kaye 's Black Water Transit (2009), kafin ya taka rawa a cikin fim ɗin Patrolmen mai ƙarancin kuɗi (2010).    Sannan ya rubuta kuma ya samar da wasansa na farko mai suna Another Biafra, game da rikicin mai na Niger-Delta da ke ci gaba. 

## l Jagora
Onuora ya jagoranci fim ɗinsa na farko Woolwich Boys (2012), wanda aka nuna a bikin fina-finai na British Urban Film Festival kuma London Live a Burtaniya, ETV a Afirka ta Kudu da Ebonylife TV a faɗin Afirka sun ba da lasisi. Fim ɗinsa na biyu, Mona (2016) wanda David Avery da Lonyo suka fito a ciki, ya lashe kyautar Grand Nile Award a bikin fina-finan Afirka na Luxor na 2016 kuma an zaɓe shi don kyaututtuka biyu na Africa Movie Academy Awards .    

## Shirye-shiryen Fina-finai
Abuah ya shirya shirye-shiryen tarihi da dama kan tarihin Afirka, ciki har da Danhomé & Vodun (2018), A Thousand Years to Tomboctou (2019), Kano tare da Onuora Abuah (2020) da kuma Revolution Now: 5 Days with Sowore (2022) game da wanda kuma ya kafa Sahara Reporters, Omoyele Sowore .

## Fim ɗin fim

## Lambobin yabo da nadin mukamai

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* 
* Onuora Abuah at Rotten Tomatoes
Temidayo Abudu

**Temidayo Abudu** Mai shirya fim-finai ne Na Najeriya, marubuci, kuma Daraktan jefawa. An fi saninta da samar da Fim din wasan kwaikwayo na aikata laifuka mai taken *[[Òlóturé|Olotūré]]*, da kuma hada kai da Cif Daddy tare da Mo Abudu . 

## Ilimi
Temidayo Abudu tana da digiri na farko a cikin Gudanarwa da Kasuwanci daga Royal Holloway, Jami'ar London .

## Hotunan fina-finai

* *[[Òlóturé|Olotūré]]* (2019) 
* Cif Daddy (2018) 
* *[[The Royal Hibiscus Hotel|Otal din Royal Hibiscus]]* (2017) 

## Rayuwa ta mutum
A cikin 2019, Temidayo ta auri Adebola Makanjuola a California, Amurka.  Dukansu biyu sun  maraba da ɗansu na farko a shekarar 2020.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin mutanen Yoruba
* Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya

## Manazarta
Jorge Antunes (dan wasan kwaikwayo)

**Jorge Antunes** ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Angolan kuma mai watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin. An fi saninsa da karbar bakuncin Estrelas ao Palco a kan TPA da Quem quer ser milionário?  (Wane ne yake so ya zama Miliyan?). 

## Manazarta
Jean Odoutan

**Jean Odoutan** an haife shi a shekara ta 1965, ɗan wasan barkwanci ne, darektan fina-finai, mawaki, ɗan wasa, marubucin allo kuma mai shirya fina-finai daga ƙasar Benin ta Afirka. Shi ne kuma wanda ya kirkiro bikin fina-finai, bikin fina-finai na Quintessence na Ouidah.

## Rayuwar farko
Odoutan ya koma Paris, Faransa tun yana matashi, yana ɗan shekara goma sha biyar a shekarar 1980.   Ba da daɗewa ba, ya fara aiki a masana'antar fim.

## Yin Fim (Filmography)
Jean Odoutan ya shiga cikin fina-finai da dama, ko dai a matsayin jarumi, darakta ko furodusa. Yawancin fina-finansa sun sami yabo sosai kuma ya kasance baƙon girmamawa a yawancin fina-finai na fina-finai, ciki har da 2001 Reunion Film Festival.  Daga cikin fina-finan da ya halarta akwai:

* Barbecue Pejo (2000)
* Djib (2000, a matsayin darekta kuma marubucin allo)
* La Valse des Gros Derriere (2004, a matsayin darekta kuma marubucin allo)

## Manazarta
Harsunan Bété

**Harsunan Bété** yare ne na yarukan Kru da ake magana a tsakiyar yammacin Ivory Coast .  Akwai yaruka da yawa amma ana iya haɗa su kamar haka:

* Yammacin Turai
** Bété na Gagnoa
** Kouya
* Gabas
** Bété na Guiberoua
** Bété na Daloa
** Godié

## Bayanan littattafai

* Zogbo, Raymond Gnoléba Bari muyi magana da kyau: Harshe na Ivory Coast (L'Harmattan) 2004
* Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a wannan talifin a dandalin www.jw.org/ha. 
* Lowe, Ivan, Edwin Arthur, da Philip Saunders a shekarar 2003. "Eventivity in Kouya." A cikin Mary Ruth Wise, Thomas N. Headland da Ruth M. Brend (eds.), Harshe da rayuwa: rubutun tunawa da Kenneth L. Pike, 429-448. SIL International da Jami'ar Texas a Arlington Littattafai a cikin Harshe, 139. Dallas: SIL International da Jami'ar Texas a Arlington .
* Saunders, Philip da Eddie Arthur. 1996. *Kalmomin sokuya, sokuya-Faransa, Faransanci-sokuya*. Abidjan/Vavoua: Shirin Harshe na Sokuya. [Icikope pe bula 8]
* Arthur Eddie & Sue, Saunders Philip & Heather. 1995 Sɔkɔwɛl (Syllabaire sokuya). Abidjan: Ƙungiyar Harshe ta Duniya.

## Dubi kuma

* Bété syllabary
* Frédéric Bruly Bouabré

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje

* Rashin jituwa na yaren Bété
* Takarda a kan Kouya Social Organization
* Takarda a kan jana'izar Kouya
Fredy Costa

**Fredy Costa** (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta alif 1980) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Angola, wanda aka sani da matsayinsa a cikin telenovelas kamar *Windeck* da A Única Mulher .  haife shi a Luanda kuma ya girma a Paris, Faransa.

Ya fara aikinsa a matsayin samfurin a cikin 1999, bayan ya yi samfurin kamfanoni kamar Unitel da Angola Telecom .   zama fuskar Martini a Angola a shekarar 2016. 

Ya fara fitowa a talabijin tare da jerin TPA Vidas Ocultas .  Daga baya ya taka rawa a cikin telenovelas na Angola Reviravolta, Sede de viver, Entre o Crime e a Paixão, Doce Pitanga da Voo Direto . A shekara ta 2012, ya shiga cikin telenovela *Windeck*, wanda aka zaba don Kyautar Emmy a shekara ta 2014, a matsayin Artur Domingos . Ya fara fitowa a gidan talabijin na Brazil a O Caçador . Daga baya ya shiga cikin jerin shirye-shiryen Emmy-nominated Jessu .  shekara ta 2015, an jefa shi a matsayin Leandro Nascimento a cikin telenovela na Portuguese A Única Mulher, kuma a matsayin Tiago Andrade a cikin Ouro Verde, wanda ya lashe Emmy a shekarar 2018. [1]  kuma shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Brazil Apocalipse, da kuma shirye-shiryen Portuguese A *Teia* da *Quer ko Destiny* . 

Costa tana da 'ya'ya 5, ciki har da 2 tare da mawaƙa Yola Araújo, Ayani da Jason .  Cos ta kasance tare da 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Angola-Portuguese Grace Mendes daga 2013 zuwa 2020. [1] D baya a cikin 2020, ya auri Carmen Mouro . [1]  shekara ta 2007, an yanke masa hukuncin watanni 6 a kurkuku saboda kai hari kan 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Tânia Burity .

## Hotunan fina-finai

## Kyaututtuka

## Manazarta
Harshen Gbiri-Niragu

**Gbiri-Niragu**, wanda aka fi sani da **Gure-Kahugu**, yare ne na Kainji na Najeriya . Masu magana suna canzawa zuwa Hausa.

Tugbiri shine sunan yaren mutanen Gbiri, kuma ana magana da shi a ciki da kewayen ƙauyen Gure a Lere LGA, kudancin Jihar Kaduna .  Masu magana da Niragu suna zaune kai tsaye a arewacin masu magana da Tugbiri.

## Lambobin
Gbiri-Niragu yana , ko yana da, tsarin lambobi na duodecimal.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Richard De Medeiros

**Richard De Medeiros** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1940) darektan fina-finan Benin ne. 

## Rayuwa
An haifi Richard De Medeiros a shekara ta 1940 a Ouidah, kuma ya karanci adabi a Cotonou da Paris.  Daga baya ya koyar da adabi a jami'ar ƙasar Benin da ke Cotonou, wanda ya kware a kan surrealism. 

De Medeiros ya yi fina-finai biyu da ɗan gajeren fim kafin fim ɗinsa na farko.  *Sarkin ya mutu a gudun hijira* an yi shi ne a lokacin da yake koyarwa a Institut de Journalisme da ke Algiers.  Ya kalli Béhanzin, sarki na ƙarshe na Dahomey, wanda turawan mulkin mallaka na Faransa suka kora zuwa Martinique.  Gajeren fim ɗinsa na *Teke, Hymne au Borgou* ya sake daidaita lambobin yin fim na ƙabilanci, tare da haɗa su da abubuwa na al'adar baka da salon labarin *griot*.  *Sabon shiga* (1976) shi ne fim na biyu na Benin. Ya mayar da hankali kan rikicin da ke tsakanin Senou, wani ma'aikacin gwamnati mai cin hanci da rashawa, da Ahouenou, sabon shiga da ke son tsaftace abubuwa. Bayan da Senou ya yi sihiri kuma Agouenou ya sami hatsari, Agouenou yayi ƙoƙarin samun karɓuwa ta hanyar fara sihiri.

De Medeiros ya kasance mai tasiri a kan matasan Benin masu shirya fina-finai kamar François Sourou Okioh. Ya kirkiro kulob ɗin fim, Association du 7e art, da kuma nazarin al'adu, *Ra'ayoyin 7.*  A farkon 1980s Pierre Haffner ya yi hira da shi, yana shiga cikin muhawara tsakanin masu shirya fina-finai na Afirka game da yadda tsarin fina-finai na Jean Rouch ya tsere daga yanayin mulkin mallaka. 

A cikin shekarar 1980 an yi fim ɗinsa azaman jigo a *Cinématon* na Gérard Courant. 

## Fina-finai
* *Le Roi est mort en exil* (The King died in exile). Short documentary, 1970.
* *Teke, hymne au Borgou* (Teke, hymn to the Borgou). Short documentary, 1972.
* *Silence et feu de brousse' (Silence and bushfire). Short fiction film, 1972
* *Le nouveau venu'' (The newcomer). Feature-length fiction film, 1976

## Manazarta
Yare mai kyau

**Goo,**   is wani yarene da ke kasar  Ivory Coast. It is close to Dan and Tura, but intelligible with neither. It is spoken in ten villages.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Hoji Fortuna

**Hoji Ya Henda Braga Fortuna**  (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Satumba 1974) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Angola .

An haife shi a Luanda kuma an sanya masa suna bayan jarumin yaki Hoji-ya-Henda, Fortuna ya yi hijira zuwa Portugal yana da shekaru 20. Ya yi aiki a matsayin samfurin da DJ tare da karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Katolika ta Portugal a Porto, kuma daga ƙarshe ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo.  shekara ta 2008, ya bi abokin aikinsa kuma yanzu matarsa, marubucin tafiye-tafiye Anja Mutic, don zama a New York.

Fortuna ya bayyana a matakai da yawa, shirye-shiryen talabijin da fina-finai tun daga shekara ta 2001, ta sami wani shahararren a Portugal don bayyana a cikin akalla jerin talabijin goma a can. Ya sami lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka a matsayin mafi kyawun mai ba da tallafi saboda rawar da ya taka a matsayin mai aikata laifuka César a fim din Kongo na 2010 Viva Riva!. A cikin 2013, an jefa shi don bayyana a cikin rawar goyon baya a karo na huɗu na jerin wasan kwaikwayo na HBO Game of Thrones .

## Bayyana

; Talabijin

* O Bar da TV, shirin talabijin na gaskiya na Portuguese wanda ya dogara da The Bar, wanda ya lashe (2001) 
* Morangos tare da Sucre, jerin wasan kwaikwayo na matasa na Portuguese (2004) 
* Wasan Karnuka (lokaci na 4), jerin abubuwan ban sha'awa na Amurka, rawar da ba a ambaci sunanta ba (2014) 

; Fim din

* *[[Viva Riva!|Ruwa ta rayu!]]*, Kungiya mai ban tsoro, César (2010) 

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Hoji FortunaaIMDb
*
Desiré Ecaré

**Désiré Ecaré** (15 ga Afrilu, 1939 a Treichville, Côte d'Ivoire - Fabrairu 16, 2009 a Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire) darektan fina-finan Ivory Coast ne. Babban shirin da yayi darakta na farko shine: fllm *Concerto pour un exil (Concerto for an Exile)* a cikin 1968, sai *A Nous Deux, Faransa* (1970). Ya bada Umarni fim ɗin *[[Visages de femmes|Fuskokin Mata]]* a cikin 1985, wanda ya ci lashe lambar yabo ta FIPRESCI a Cannes Film Festival. 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin Hadi na waje
* Curry, Ginette. Awakening African Women: The Dynamics of Change. Cambridge Scholars Press, London. January 4, 2004. https://www.amazon.com/Awakening-African-Women-Dynamics-Change/dp/190430334X/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1492886149&sr=8-2&keywords=ginette+curry.

*
Harshen Guru

**Harshen Guru**, ko *Boguru*, yaren Bantu ne na Sudan ta Kudu wanda ba a rubuta shi sosai ba wanda ba shi da tabbas (ko da yake an jera shi a matsayin Yankin D.30 da Guthrie ya tsara shi).  ɗan lokaci, yawancin masu magana sun kasance 'yan gudun hijira a DR Congo, amma yaren kusan ya ƙare a can.
 

## Manazarta
Yaren Yaur

**Yaur** ko **Jaur** yare ne a cikin reshen Cenderawasih (Geelvink Bay) na dangin Austronesian da ake magana a Lardin Papua, Yammacin New Guinea . Yana da kusan masu magana 300.

## Dubi kuma

* Mutanen Yaur

## Bayanan da aka ambata

* Moseley, Christopher da R. E. Asher, ed. Atlas of World Languages (New York: Routledge, 1994) shafi na 111&nbsp;
Lesliana Pereira

**Lesliana Massoxi Amaro Gomes Pereira**, wacce aka fi sani da **Lesliana Pereira**, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Angola, mai salo kuma mai riƙe da taken kyakkyawa. Ta lashe kambin Miss Angola 2007. Ta ci gaba da wakiltar kasar ta a Miss Universe 2008, amma ba a sanya ta ba. A shekara ta 2014, ta fito a fim din Njinga: Sarauniya ta Angola, rawar da ta sami 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau a 11th Africa Movie Academy Awards .

haifi Pereira a garin Soyo a Angola . 

## 2008-2013: Miss Angola
Pereira ta lashe kambin Miss Angola a shekara ta 2007  kuma ta wakilci al'ummarta a Miss Universe 2008.  Tare  wanda ya lashe Miss Universe, Leila Lopes, an yi hira da Periera a cikin shahararren shirin talabijin na Portuguese Programa do Jô . [1]

Ta yi gwaji da Erica Chissapa don rawar da ta taka a fim din Xuxa Meneghel, Xuxa a cikin Mystery of Feiurinha . Daga bisani ta sami rawar Fadona a cikin fim din, wanda aka saki a watan Janairun 2010. Fim din  ci nasara a kasuwanci, kuma ya sayar da fiye da *Avatar* a makon farko a Angola.

## 2013-2015: ''Njinga: Sarauniyar Angola''
Matsayin Pereira a cikin fim din tarihi na 2014, Njinga: Sarauniya ta Angola ta harbe ta zuwa mafi girma. Fim din  ba da labarin yadda Sarauniyar Angola ta rike mukamai masu adawa da masu mulkin mallaka. An nuna fim din a kasashe da yawa ciki har da London. A lokacin bikin fim din da Film Africa ta yi, yawan tikiti da aka nema don fim din ya fi yawan kujerun da ake da su. Masu shirya fim din dole  su koma wani babban ɗaki don karɓar masu kallo na fim din.

Fim din  wai kawai ya ci nasara a kasuwanci ba amma kuma ya sami kyaututtuka ciki har da Best Actress a 11th Africa Movie Academy Awards . 

Wannan ya haifar da manyan tambayoyin da aka yi da sanannen shirin talabijin na Burtaniya, Arise News da kuma jagorancin rahoto ga Revista Africa na Globo Internacional .  matsayin wani ɓangare na alhakinta na zamantakewa, ta yi kira a fili don wayar da kan jama'a da kariya daga cutar kanjamau / AIDS.

A shekara ta 2015, Pereira ta taka rawa a wasan kwaikwayo na Brazil I Love Paraisópolis .

## Hotunan fina-finai

* *Xuxa a cikin Asirin Feiurinha* a matsayin Fadona (2010) 
* * Jikulumessu* a matsayin Claudia Gaspar (2014) kamar yadda Claudia Gaspar (2014) 
* ** (2014) 
* *Ina son Paraisópolis* (2015) 

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

*
Silvio Nascimento

**Silvio Emerson na Sousa Ferreira do Nascimento** (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba shekara  ta 1987), wanda aka fi sani da Sílvio Nascimento, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma furodusa na Angolan.  fi saninsa da rawar da ya taka a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin na *Windeck* da *Jikulumessu* da kuma fina-finai, *Njinga: Sarauniyar Angola* da Blood Lines . 

## Rayuwa ta mutum
An haife shi a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba shekara ta 1987 a Lubango, kudancin lardin Huila, Angola.

## Ayyuka
Nascimento ya fara aikinsa tare da wasan kwaikwayo yana da shekaru bakwai lokacin da ya yi wasan kwaikwayo a makarantar "Sé Catedral". A shekara 18, ya shiga ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo "Os Vozes Soltas". Ya ci gaba da ayyukansa a Luanda national ballet, a shekara ta 2006. A shekara ta 2008, ya shiga kungiyar "Henrique Artes", kuma ya yi aiki a "Hotel Komarka". Daga nan sai ya ziyarci kasashe da yawa kamar Cape Verde, Brazil, Portugal, Mozambique, Afirka ta Kudu da Amurka don koyon wasan kwaikwayo. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya fara fim dinsa na farko tare da Reduced to Nothing wanda Jack Caleia da Divua António suka jagoranta. A shekara ta 2009, ya yi aiki a fim din Assaltos em Luanda 2, da kuma shirin talabijin na Conversas no Quinta . A shekara ta 2010, ya shiga cikin shirin talabijin na mako-mako kan yaki da nuna bambanci na HIV Stop SIDA wanda ya ci gaba da shekaru biyu a matsayin babban fuskar shirin. Wannan  sa ya ci gaba a wasan kwaikwayo da talabijin tsakanin jama'ar Angola.

A shekara ta 2011, ya lashe kyautar "Festlip" don mafi kyawun ƙungiyar CPLP a matsayin memba na Henrique Artes . Sa'an nan a cikin shekara ta 2012, ya lashe kyautar kasa ta Al'adu da Fasaha a Angola. A cikin 2013 ya yi aiki a cikin jerin Njinga Rainha de Angola kuma ya taka rawar "Kasa Cangola". Don rawar, ya lashe kyautar fim dinsa ta farko ta duniya a Jakarta. A cikin shekara ta 2014 da 2015, ya zaba don kyaututtuka na "Moda Luanda" a cikin rukunin Mafi kyawun Actor na Angola. Daga baya ya sami bambancin mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ta TV ZAP a cikin Shirin Labaran Zap. A cikin shekara ta 2015 da 2016, ya shiga telenovela *Jikulumessu*, tare da halin Paulo Almeida . Don wannan rawar, ya lashe lambar yabo ta Seoul International AWARDS a cikin rukunin mafi kyawun jerin wasan kwaikwayo. 

A halin yanzu, Nascimento ya sami taken Jakadan Al'adun Matasan Angola a Amurka. Kafin wannan, yana da gabatarwa biyu don "Emmys International TV Festival" don wasan kwaikwayo na sabulu *Windeck* a cikin 2014 da *Jikulumessu* a cikin shekara ta 2015. A shekara ta 2017, ya lashe lambar yabo ta Luanda Fashion Award don Mafi kyawun Actor. A shekara ta 2018, ya lashe kyautar Golden Globe Angola don Mafi kyawun Actor. A cikin shekara ta 2021, ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya tare da RTP-Africa don nuna dandalin dijital na Tellas wanda ke nuna fina-finai da sauran abubuwan da ke cikin fasaha na bakwai ta masu gudanarwa na Angola, Cape Verdean, Mozambican, Bissau-Guinean da Sao Tome. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya wakilci Angola a "Berlinale" - 71st Berlin Film Festival, a Jamus.

## Hotunan fina-finai

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

*
Mohammed Karim

**Mohammed Karim** (1896 &#x2013; 1972) (  ) darektan fina-finan Masar, marubuci, kuma furodusa ne. Karim ya kawo Faten Hamama ta shahara a fim ɗin *[[Happy Day (fim)|Yawm Said]].* Fim ɗinsa na shekarar 1946 *[[Dunia (1946 fim)|Dunia]]* an shigar da shi cikin bikin Fim na Cannes na 1946.

## Fina-finan da aka zaɓa
* 1930: *[[Zaynab (film)|Zaynab]]*
* 1932: *[[Sons of Aristocrats]]*
* 1933: *[[The White Rose (1933 film)|The White Rose]]*
* 1938: *[[Yahya el hub]]*
*1939: *[[Happy Day (film)|Yom Saeed]]*
*1944: *[[A Bullet in the Heart]]*
*1946: *[[Dunia (1946 film)|Dunia]]*
*1956: *[[Dalila (film)|Dalila]]*

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin Hadi na waje
*
Yaren Tol

**Tol** (*Tolpan*), wanda aka fi sani da **Jicaque na Gabas**, **Tolupan**, da **Torupan**, kusan mutane kimanin 500 ne ke magana da shi a yankin La Montaña de la Flor a Sashen Francisco Morazán, Honduras.

## Sunan
Masu magana da Tol suna kiran kansu da Tolpán, to amma ladinos suna kiran su Jicaques ko Turrupanes.

## Yankin da ya gabata
An kuma yi magana da Tol a yawancin Sashen Yoro, amma an ruwaito 'yan masu magana ne kawai a cikin Kwarin Yoro a shekara ta 1974. 

An yi amfani da Tol daga Río Ulúa a yamma, zuwa Trujillo na zamani a gabas, da kuma Río Sulaco a cikin kudu. Wannan yanki ya haɗa da yankunan da ke kusa da El Progreso na zamani, La Ceiba, kuma mai yiwuwa ma San Pedro Sula. Yawancin Tolupan sun tsere daga Mutanen Espanya daga yankunan bakin teku a farkon shekarun 1800. Masu magana da Tol a La Montaña de la Flor sun tsere daga kwarin Yoro a shekara ta 1865 don kauce wa zama tilasta aiki ta hanyar gwamnan yankin (Campbell & Oltrogge 1980:206, Hagen 1943, Chapman 1978).

## Fasahar sauti

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

### Sautin sautin

## Harshen harshe
Bayani mai zuwa ya dogara ne akan Haurholm-Larsen (2014). 

### Tsarin mulki
Tsarin asali na Tol shine SOV kuma harshe yana nuna tsari na ƙarshe na masu jefa ƙuri'a, watau kalmomi suna bin batun da abu, akwai postpositions maimakon prepositions, kuma haɗin kai ya bayyana a ƙarshen sassan da ke ƙasa.

### Juyawa
Kalmomin da sunaye suna canzawa don mutum, lamba kuma, game da aikatau, lokaci, ta amfani da ma'anoni daban-daban na morpho-syntactic wanda sau da yawa yakan haɗa ma'anonin daban-daban (polyexponentiality). Waɗannan hanyoyin sun hada da, prefixing, suffixing da infixing, ablaut da matsa lamba da kuma amfani da sunayen masu zaman kansu. Ana kuma bayyana lokacin ta hanyar amfani da barbashi. Adadin yana da alama ne kawai a cikin jimloli masu suna tare da masu magana da rai. An kuma ba da wasu misalai a ƙasa.

: m-*m-wayum* 'mijina**w-y-ayúm'' 'majinka'woyúm 'mutuminmu' wayúm ' mijinta' wayúmi' wayúma 'mijinta'<br /><br /><br /><br /><br />

: naphsü müskhé 'Ina shan ruwa'<nowiki/>''hiph üsü mu'<nowiki/>'' 'kun sha ruwa'<nowiki/>''huph üsü mü'' 'kun sha ruwan'<nowiki/>''kuph üsü miskhékh'' 'mun sha ruwa**nun üsü müskhé* 'kun sha da ruwa'yuph üsü mińün 'sun sha ruwa'<br /><br /><br /><br /><br />

Yawancin sunaye suna ɗaukar ɗaya daga cikin ƙayyadaddun guda uku: *- (sV) * s, *- (V) N*, - (Ch) kh.

: wo-sís 'gida' (tushen: *wa*) **Sith*-im*-ím 'avocado' (tishen: sith) khon-íkh 'gadin' (tutsi: *Khan'') 

Sunayen da ba sa ɗaukar ƙayyadaddun suna nufin sassan jiki da kalmomin dangi.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Ange-Régis Hounkpatin

**Ange-Régis Hounkpatin**, Bafaranshe-Benin ne mai shirya fina-finai kuma marubucin allo.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An haife shi kuma ya girma a Cotonou, Benin.

## Sana'a
Bayan kammala karatun sakandare, Hounkpatin ya ƙaura zuwa Faransa don nazarin wallafe-wallafe. A ƙarshe ya shiga makarantar Femis don cinema a shekarar 2009. Ya yi fim ɗin *Rêves de Lions* yayin da yake shekararsa ta ƙarshe kuma daga baya ya sami lambar yabo ta matasa a bikin Kotun Côté na Pantin a shekara ta 2014. Sannan an zaɓi fim ɗinsa *Cage* a bikin Fim na Champs-Élysées a cikin shekarar 2016. A cikin shekarar 2015, ya yi fim ɗin *Vindicte* wanda aka nuna shi a Benin kuma an zaɓi shi a bikin Devant na Kotunan Paris a shekarar 2016.  Har ila yau, fim ɗin ya lashe kyautar Mafi kyawun Cinematography a Bikin Fim na Feedback a Toronto.  

A cikin shekarar 2017, ya jagoranci gajeriyar fim ɗin *Pantheon* na biyar. Fim ɗin ya sami yabo sosai kuma an zaɓe shi bisa a hukumance don nunawa a Bikin Fina-Finan Afirka 2017, Bikin Fim na Atlanta 2018 da Filmfest Dresden 2018. Fim ɗin ya lashe lambar yabo ta Bridging Borders a Palm Springs International Festival na Short Films 2017. A wannan shekarar, fim ɗin ya sami Honourable Mention a Kolkata International Film Festival.

## Filmography

## Duba kuma

* Cinema na Benin

## Manazarta
Josef Kumbela

**Joseph Kumbela** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1958) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma mai shirya fina-finai daga Jamhuriyar Demokaradiyyar Kwango wanda ya sami lambobin yabo dalilin wasan kwaikwayo.

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Joseph Kumbela a shekara ta 1958. Ya taso a ƙasar Switzerland tun 1980. Ya fara aikinsa a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a Faransa da Amurka. A lambar yabo ta FESPACO a shekarar 1993 ya lashe kyautar gwarzon ɗan wasan kwaikwayo saboda rawar da ya taka a cikin wasan barkwanci mai suna Gito l'ingrat (Gito the ungrateful) wanda Leonce Ngabo na Burundi ya jagoranta/bada Umarni. A cikin wannan fim ɗin Gito, ɗalibi daga Burundi kuma ƙwararren mai ba da shawara a Paris, ya yanke shawarar komawa gida. Tare da takardar shaidarsa a hannu da kuma cike da tsare-tsare game da aikinsa, ya bar abokiyar aikinsa Faransa Christine yana alkawarin kawo ta Burundi daga baya. Ba zai iya samun aiki ba, amma ya sadu da tsohuwar masoyiyar yaransa. Daga nan Christine ta zo ba tare da gargadi ba kuma ta gano abin da ke faruwa. Matan biyu suka haɗa kai don koyar da Gito darasi.

Josef Kumbela ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni ga gajerun fina-finai tun 1994 ta hanyar amfani da kamfaninsa na samar da kayayyaki na Geneva. Fim ɗinsa na 1998 *L'étranger venu d'Afrique* (Baƙo daga Afirka, ko Feizhou Laowai) shi ne fim ɗin Afirka na farko da aka yi a China. Ya na bayar da labarin wata soyayya tsakanin Lulu, wata daliba ƴar Afirka, da wata ƴar ƙasar Sin, kuma ya nuna yadda al'adu suka yi arba da juna.

## Fim

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin Hadi na waje
*
Faissol Gnonlonfin

**Faissol Fahad Bolade Gnonlonfin** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1985) darektan fina-finan Benin ne kuma furodusa.

An haifi Gnonlonfin a ƙauyen Hozin a yammacin Benin kuma ya fara karatun kimiyya da fasaha. A cikin shekarar 2006, ya shiga sabuwar makarantar Institut supérieur des métiers de l'audiovisuel et du cinéma (ISMA), makarantar fina-finai da ke Cotonou, don haɓaka ƙwarewarsa a fannin bayar da umarni da shirya fina-finai.   Bayan shekaru uku a cibiyar, Gnonlonfin ya zagaya cikin ƙasashe da yawa kuma ya kammala horon horo, yana aiki a matsayin mataimakin darektan shirye-shirye da yawa ta hanyar shirin Faransanci na Africadoc. Domin samun ƙarin koyo game da yin Documentary, ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Abdou Moumouni, inda ya sami digiri na biyu a cikin Audiovisual and Creative Documentary. Daga baya Gnonlonfin ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin shirya fina-finai a Jami’ar Stendhal da ke Faransa.

A cikin shekarar 2012, Gnonlonfin ya sanya hotonsa na farko, *[[Obalé le chasseur]]*, yana nuna wani ɗan ƙauyen Benin ya shiga ƙungiyar mafarauta. Ya yi nazarin wannan batu na tsawon shekaru biyu, ya kuma duba muhawarar da ake yi tsakanin mafarauta da masu kare namun daji.   A cewar tsohon malami Jean-François Hautin, bature ba zai iya yin fim yadda ya kamata a bikin mafarauta ba. Fim na biyu na Gnonlonfin *Ni ici ni ailleur* ya yi nazari kan motsin da ake yi na yin amfani da iskar gas a Ardèche, yana danganta shi da hakar albarkatu a Afirka. 

Bayan ya mai da hankalinsa kan faifan bidiyo, waɗanda yawancinsu suka sami kyaututtuka, Gnonlonfin ya fara yin ayyukan almara a cikin shekarar 2014. A cikin shekarar 2017, ya yi aiki tare da Berni Goldblat da kamfanin samar da Les Films du Djabadjah akan *[[Wallay]]*. It was released to great acclaim, being nominated for the Carthage Film Festival 2017.  An sake shi don babban yabo, an zaɓe shi don bikin Fim na Carthage 2017.  A cikin watan Maris 2018, Gnonlonfin ya jagoranci taron shirya fina-finai a Burkina Faso. 

Gnonlonfin ya kafa kamfanin samarwa Merveilles Production don ƙarfafa matasa masu yin fim. Ya fi zama a Faransa amma yana kusan watanni biyu a shekara a Benin. 

## Manazarta
José Pliva

**José Pliya** (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1966 a Cotonou kuma ya mutu a ranar 12 ga Afrilu, 2025 a Miami) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne, darektan mataki, kuma marubucin wasan kwaikwayo daga Benin . A shekara ta 2003 ya lashe lambar yabo ta Matasa daga Académie française .

## Manazarta
Kenneth Yannick

**Kenneth Yannick** (an haife shi a ranar 30 ga Oktoba 1995), ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Benin. Shi  wanda ya kafa Cotonou Comedy Club, wanda ake la'akari da shi a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo na farko a Benin.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
An haifi Yannick a ranar 30 ga Oktoba 1995 a Cotonou, Benin inda mahaifiyarsa ce kawai ta girma. A lokacin karatunsa, ya fara yin aji na biyar wanda ya shafi ilmin halitta saboda magani shine fifiko. Koyaya, daga baya ya juya zuwa hanyar lissafi. Sa'an nan, Yannick ya shafe shekara guda a makarantar Polytechnic ta Jami'ar Abomey-Calavi (EPAC) wanda ya kasance bala'i. Daga nan sai ya fara yin inabi a shekarar 2013.  karatun sakandare, ya kammala karatun injiniya.

## Ayyukan ban dariya
A shekara ta 2008, ya gano tsayin daka tare da Papa est en haut, wasan kwaikwayon Gad Elmaleh inda ya kalli shi a kwamfuta.  A cikin 2013, ya fara yin bidiyo na ban dariya a Intanet da kafofin sada zumunta. Ba ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin lissafi, ya zama malamin wasanni, wanda ya ba shi damar samun isasshen kuɗin haya da kuma taimaka wa iyalinsa. 'an nan, tsakanin 2015 da 2016, ya yi ƙoƙari ya yi ba'a a gaban abokai a bukukuwan ranar haihuwar.

A cikin 2016, Yannick ya yi wasan kwaikwayo na farko a gaban masu sauraro 600 waɗanda ba su san wasan kwaikwayo na tsaye ba wanda aka gudanar a Makarantar Gudanarwa da Magistracy ta Kasa (ENAM).  Wannan shi ne na farko irin wannan wasan kwaikwayo a Benin. D baya a ranar 4 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2017, ya kirkiro kungiyar Cotonou Comedy Club (CCC) tare da abokai Jean Morel Morufux (Morel) da Fadil Romxi. Wannan shi  karo na farko da aka gabatar da wasan kwaikwayon da aka keɓe gaba ɗaya don tsayawa a Benin.

## Manazarta
Baba Yabo

**Dèhoumon Adjagnon**, (13 Maris 1925 - 1 Fabrairu 1985) wanda aka fi sani da sunansa na **Baba Yabo**, Mai wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Benin.  daga cikin shahararrun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a Benin, ya sauya duniyar wasan kwaikwayo a Lenin tare da salon wasan kwaikwayo na musamman da ba da labari.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
An haifi Yabo a ranar 13 ga Maris 1925 a Porto-Novo, Benin . 

Shi ne mahaifin Frédéric Joël Aïvo .

## Ayyuka
A cikin shekarun 1980s, Yabo ya fara wasan kwaikwayo tare da ƙungiyar Towa konou da abokinsa Mamoudou Eyissê wanda aka fi sani da Mister Okéké da Antoine Sokênou .  Yana aiki a matsayin direba a fannin kudi a Benin, sannan Lycée Toff I st Porto Novo .

## Kyauta
Akwai wani mutum-mutumi mai tsawo 2 m na Yabo da aka gina a cikin ƙwaƙwalwarsa a cikin gundumar Zèvou a Porto-Novo .

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Comedy na Benin: Baba Yabo a cikin mutuwar surukina 
* Baba-Yabo
Gilmário Vemba

**Gilmário Pinto Vemba** (an haife shi a ranar 19 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1985), wanda aka fi sani da **Gilmário Vemba**, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Angolan.  An fi saninsa da rawar da ya taka a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin na O *Bar na Gilmário*, After Party da Fora de Série .  kasance tsohon memba na ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo "os Tuneza".

## Rayuwa ta mutum
haife shi a ranar 19 ga Yuli 1985 a Luanda, Angola . Ya  kammala karatu a fannin alakar kasa da kasa da kuma nazarin siyasa.

yi aure kuma yana da 'yan mata uku da yaro daya.

## Ayyuka
A shekara ta 2003, Vemba tare da Daniel Vilola, Orlando Rodrigues, Cesalty Paulo da José Chieta sun kafa ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo os *Tuneza* .  ci gaba a cikin rukuni sama da shekaru 15, har sai ya bar rukuni a shekarar 2020.  cikin 2019, ya gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo a Portugal tare da taken "Imortal".

cikin 2021, ya fara fim dinsa na farko tare da A Dívida (The Debt) wanda Anacleto de Abreu ya jagoranta.  fara fim din ne a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu 2021 a Cinemax, a Luanda.  watan Yulin 2021, ya sanya hannu tare da sabon shirin gaskiya na TVI O Amor Acontece .

Tun daga shekara ta 2022, yana daya daga cikin masu fafatawa na dindindin na fitowar Portuguese na "Taskmaster" (RTP1).

## Hotunan fina-finai

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

*
Koffi Gahou

**Koffi Gahou** (22 Oktoba 1947-24 ga Agusta 2019) ɗan wasan Benin ne, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma darekta.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Gahou a Cotonou ranar 22 ga watan Oktoba, 1947. Ya yi karatu daga shekarun 1986 zuwa 1989 a Cibiyar Nazarin Wasanni a Jami'ar Sorbonne Nouvelle Paris 3, yana samun lasisin koyarwa. Daga shekarun 1985 zuwa 1986 Gahou ya yi horon horo a Conservatoire National supérieur d'art dramatique a Paris kuma a cikin shekarar 1988, ya sami  horo a Institut international de la marionnette.  Tun daga shekara ta 1974, ya sami ilimin kansa a fannin fasahar filastik, kaset ɗin bango, sassaka, da gine-ginen ciki. Gahou ya shiga aikin farar hula a matsayin mai fasaha kuma ya yi wasa a cikin rukunin "Cerveaux noirs". Har ila yau, wanda ya kafa kungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta "Zama Hara", ya yi nune-nunen ayyukansa a Afirka, Turai, Cuba, da Amurka. 

Gahou ya kirkiro aikin zane "Yovo Helou e, Akowe helou e" a cikin shekarar 1990. Yana kwatanta bayi da hannayensu ɗaure a bayansu, kuma ya kasance ya samu babbar nasara. 

A cikin shekarar 2000, Gahou ya fito da ɗan'uwan Boubacar, manomi, a cikin fim ɗin *[[Barbecue Pejo]]* na Jean Odoutan. 

A cikin sanarwar faifan bidiyo a watan Afrilun 2019, Gahou ya buƙaci a biya shi CFA miliyan 30 da wani ɗan majalisar dokokin Benin ya umurci shi da ya ba shi ta hanyar 3rd Commercial Chamber na Kotun Cotonou. Lamarin ya samo asali ne daga gasar da Gahou ya yi a shekarar 2007 amma bai samu kyautar ba.
 

Gahou ya mutu a ranar 24 ga watan Agusta, 2019 a Abomey. An yi jana'izarsa a ranar 25 ga watan Satumba.

## Manazarta
Ai Keita

**Aï Keïta Yara** 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Burkinabè   wacce ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a fim din 1986 Sarraounia .

## Ayyuka
Fim dinta  farko shi ne *[[Sarraounia]]_(film)" id="mwEA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Sarraounia (film)">Sarraounia* (1986), inda ta buga Sarraounie, sarauniya da aka sanya wa fim din suna. *Sarraounia* ta lashe kyaututtuka da yawa, [1] bayan haka ta sami damar yin fim da shirye-shiryen talabijin, gami da wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na 2004 *[[Tasuma]]*.   fito a cikin fina-finai kusan 30 [1] ciki har da fim din 1995 *Haramuya* [2] da fim din 2018 The Three Lascars (Faransanci: Les trois lascars). 

Ya zuwa shekara ta 2011, tana aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar gwamnati da ke sarrafa bayanan kiwon lafiya a Cibiyar Asibitin Kasa ta Yalgado a Ouagadougou . 

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Keï ta yi aure tare da 'ya'ya biyu, kuma tana magana da Fula, Dyula, Mooré, Zarma da Faransanci.

haifi kakan mahaifiyarta a Senegal, kafin ta yi tafiya zuwa Burkina Faso tare da matarsa ta farko. Lokacin  ya isa Burkina Faso ya auri wata mace daga ƙauyen Mardaga a Lardin Tapoa wacce daga baya ta zama kakarta ta Keïta.

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* 
* Aï Keïta Yara a kan Al'adun Afirka (a Faransanci)
Assane Kouyaté

**Assane Kouyaté** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1954) darektan fina-finan Mali ne.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Assane Kouyaté a Bamako a shekara ta 1954. A shekarar 1976 ya sami digiri a fannin fasaha daga Ecole Normale Supérieure na Bamako, sannan ya tafi Cibiyar Cinema da Television ta Moscow, inda ya sami Diploma na Nazarin Cinema a 1989.

A 1988, ya yi aiki tare da darektan Rasha Sergei Salaviov a matsayin mataimaki a fim ɗin *Pigeon*. Ya haɗu da yawancin darektoci a duniya, irin su Argentine Pablo César ( *Aphrodite*, 1998).

A shekara ta 2002, ya shirya fim ɗɗinsa na farko mai cikakken tsayi: *Kabala*, wanda ke bayar da labarin wani ƙauyen Mandé wanda rijiyarsa ta ƙafe-(babu ruwa). *Kabala* yya lashe lambar yabo ta mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo da llambar yabo ta mmusamman a bikin cinema da talabijin na Afirka a Ouagadougou.

## Fim
* *Kabala* (2002)

## Hanyoyin Hadi na waje
*
Harsunan Maluku na tsakiya

**Harsunan Maluku na Tsakiya** sune rukuni da aka tsara na reshen Malayo-Polynesian na Tsakiya-Gabas na dangin yaren Austronesian wanda ya ƙunshi kusan harsuna hamsin da ake magana da su musamman a kan Seram, Buru, Ambon, Kei, da Tsibirin Sula. Babu wani daga cikin harsuna da ke da masu magana da dubu hamsin, kuma da yawa sun ƙare

## Rarraba
Abubuwan gargajiya na Maluku ta Tsakiya sune Sula, Buru, da yarukan Maluku na Gabas, tare da Ambelau.

### Collins (1983)
Rarrabawar harsunan Maluku na Tsakiya da ke ƙasa daga Collins (1983:20, 22) da (1986).

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Yaren Manyika

**Manyika** yaren Shona ne wanda kabilar Manyika ke magana da shi a gabashin kasar Zimbabwe da kuma iyakar kasar Mozambique . Ya haɗa da yarukan ChiBocha, ChiUngwe, da ChiManyika, waɗanda daga cikin manyan yaren Manyika ke samun sunan sa.

ChiManyika yana magana da mutane a arewacin lardin Manicaland na Zimbabwe, (Nyanga, Honde Valley Mutasa area) yayin da ChiBocha ke magana da mutanen kudancin Manicaland. Manyika ya bambanta da yarukan Karanga da Zezuru ta hanyoyi daban-daban.

## Halaye
Akwai wasu bambance-bambance a cikin ƙamus da prefixes na kalmomi. Misali, prefix 'va-' (an yi amfani da shi a Shona kafin sunayen maza don nuna girma da girmamawa) an maye gurbinsu da 'sa-' a cikin yaren Manyika. Har ila yau prefix 'va-' da ake amfani da shi kamar yadda yake a cikin mutane, misali misali Shona *vanhu vakaenda vakawanda*, an maye gurbinsa da 'wa-' ya zama *wanhu wakaenda wakawanda* . Sakamakon haka, Manyika ba sa amfani da prefix 'va' ta kowace hanya kamar yadda suke furta shi a matsayin ko dai 'sa' ko 'wa'. Wannan shine yadda gabaɗaya ake gane su Manyika.

Kalmomin wannan harshe sun kasu gaba ɗaya zuwa rukuni biyu. Siffofin tonal na fi'ili na rukuni ɗaya ana nuna su a ƙasa a cikin yanayin rashin iyaka, wanda ke da ku- a matsayin prefix:

* *kupá* 'don bayarwa', *kubátá* 'don kama', *kupómérá* 'don tsawa', *kukúrúdzíra* 'don ƙarfafa';
* *ku'umúpá* 'a ba shi (wani abu)', *kumúbátá* 'don kama shi', *kumúpómérá*, *kumúkúrúdzíra* ;
* *kuzvípa* 'bawa (wani abu don) kansa', *kuzvíbatá* 'kama kanshi', *kuzvípomerá*, *kuzvíkurudzirá* .

Waɗannan sifofin tonal ana iya wakilta su da kuCV'CV'CV'X, kuÓCV'CV'CV'X, kuŔXCá, inda X ke nufin jerin wayoyi na kowane tsayi, O don prefix abu, da R don prefix mai juyi, tare da ka'idar daidaitawa zuwa nau'i biyu na farko cewa idan X = Ø, CV na ƙarshe' zai iya zama Ø, kuma idan duka biyu Ø ne, CV na biyu kuma zai iya zama Ø, kuma tare da ɗaya zuwa na ƙarshe cewa idan X = Ø, Ka zama Ca.

Siffofin tonal na fi'ili na ɗayan rukunin ana nuna su a ƙasa:

* *kubwa* 'don barin', *kumutsa* 'tashi', *kutarisa* 'duba', *kuswatanuza* 'sa (wani) ya tashi';
* *kumúmútsa*, *kumútárisa*, *kumúswátanudza* ;
* *kuzvímutsá*, *kuzvítarisá*, *kuzvíswatanudzá* .

Wakilin tonal zai kasance: kuX, kuÓCV'X, kuŔXCá.

Wannan yare yana da lokuta masu nuni da yawa (kamar Nesa a baya, Kwanan baya, Ci gaba na baya, Yanzu, da sauransu) gami da mara kyau.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Stevick, Earl W., M. Mataranyika & L. Mataranyika (1965) ''Shona Basic Course'' . Cibiyar Sabis na Harkokin Waje, Washington ("bisa ga maganganun mutane biyu, masu wakiltar Manyika irin na Shona, amma tare da wasu gyare-gyare na tsari a cikin mafi yawan yarukan tsakiya"). (Ana samun rikodin wannan kwas ɗin a Intanet.)
Wanjiru Kinyanjui

**Wanjiru Kinyanjui** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1958) marubuci ɗan ƙasar Kenya ne, mawaƙi, ɗan jarida kuma mai shirya fina-finai.

## Rayuwa
Kinyanjui ya ssami digiri na biyu a fannin adabin Turanci da Jamusanci kafin ya karanci fim a Kwalejin Fina-Finai da Talabijin ta Jamus Berlin.  

Fim ɗin Kinyanjui na 1994 *Battle of the Sacred Tree*, wanda ke mai da hankali kan macen da aka samu tsakanin al'adun Kikuyu na gargajiya da kuma ayyukan 'zamani', fim ɗin Birne (Jamus) da Flamingo Films (Faransa) sun ba da tallafin kuɗi, samarwa da rarrabawa. Wannan fim, wanda aka yi a Kenya, da kuma ɗan gajeren fim na Kinyanjui *A Lover & Killer of Colours* sun kasance ɓangare na Shirin *Musamman na Dandalin* a 2023 *Berlinale .*

## Fim
* *The Sick Bird*, 1991
* *Black in the Western World*, 1992
* *[[Battle of the Sacred Tree]]*, 1994
* …If Joined by a Stranger […Wenn nein Fremder dazu kommt] (1987)
* The Reunion (1988)
* A Lover and Killer of Colour (1988)
* Karfunkel – Der Vogel mit dem gebrochenen Flügel (1990)
* Clara Has Two Countries (1992)
* Vitico, a Living Legend (1993)
* Die Rechte der Kinder – Der aufgespürte Vater (1997)
* Koi and Her Rights [Koi na Haki Zake] (1997)
* Daudi’s Gift [Zawaki ya Daudi] (1997)
* Die Rechte der Kinder – Anruf aus Afrika (1998)
* African Children (1999)
* And This Is Progress (2000)
* Say No to Poverty (2001)
* Member of the Jury (2001)
* Manga in America (2007)
* Bahati (2008)
* Africa Is a Woman’s Name – Amai Rose: A Portrait of a Zimbabwean Woman (2009)

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin Hadi na waje
*
Harshen Zotung

**Zotung** (Zobya) yare ne da Mutanen Zotung ke magana, a Rezua Township, Jihar Chin, Burma . Yana da ci gaba da yaruka masu alaƙa da juna. Harshen ba shi da daidaitattun rubuce-rubuce tun lokacin da yake da yaruka tare da bambance-bambance da yawa akan furcinsa. Maimakon haka, masu magana da Zotung suna amfani da haruffa da aka yarda da su don rubutawa wanda suke rubutu ta amfani da yarensu. Koyaya, ana rubuta takardun al'ada ta amfani da yaren Lungngo saboda harshe ne na mutum na farko don ba da umarnin rubutu mai kyau, Sir Siabawi Khuamin.

## Fasahar sauti

### Zoccaw ko Zo haruffa

: Aa AWaw Bb Cc Dd Ee Fg Gh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Yy Zz

### Sautin sautin
AW E I O U Y

-a /a/~ mai rauni /ɔː/~/aʊː/

-aw /ɔː/~/auː/

-e /eː/~/ɛ/~ raunin tsari /œ/

-i /iː/ mai rauni /ɨ/

-o /o/~/oʊː/~ mai rauni /ə/

-u /uː/~ mai rauni /ʊ/

-y /ɪ/~/ɨː/~/ʏː/

cikin 2009 VanBik ya lissafa ƙauyukan Zotung masu zuwa: Aika, Lo Bik, Lovaw, Ccangho, Pangva, Ramcci, Sihanthung, Zawngnak, Angraw, Polei, Vuakkhipaw, Lavoikum, Darcung, Khawboi, Setlai, Lungkhin, Leipi, Calt Sharing, Lang, Sensi, Khawtua, Tuinia, Rovaw, Rungung, Lung, Thang, Th Thandya, Tu, Tuwang, Tu, Tling, Tu, Touang, Tu, Hung, Tu, Th Th Th Thang, Tuid, Tu, Su, Tu, Tun, Tu, Lu Lu Lu Lu, Tu, Wu, Tu, Tup, Tu, Hu, Tu, Z Zyu, Tu, Y Y Y Y, Tu, Siw, Tu, Lung, Tu, Sangu, Tu, V, Tu, Sang, Tu, Thu, Tu, Dyu, Tuidnu, Tu, Pu, Tu, Ts Ts Ts Ts, Tu, Lung, Tu, Shu, Tu, Ting, Tu, Nu, Tu, Tú, Tu,yu, Tuing, Tu

Tunanin a Zotung yayi kama da sauran yarukan Kuki-Chin. Ana canza kalmomi a cikin abubuwan da suka gabata da na gaba. Matsayin yanzu yawanci ko dai a cikin lemma (ba infinitive) ba ko kuma ana amfani da su tare da kalmomin taimako da kalmomin bayyana lokaci. Hakanan za'a iya nuna ci gaba na yanzu ta hanyar ƙaddamarwa. Ana canza kalmomin yau da kullun kamar haka:

Verbs a Zotung suna da kusan biyu zuwa uku infinitives da biyu gerunds wanda za'a iya juyawa don fasalin da murya. Ƙarshen farko shine wanda aka samo a cikin shigarwar ƙamus. *-a.* kafa shi ta amfani da nau'in aikatau na II tare da ƙarshen *-o, -aw,* ko -á. Wannan nau'in da ba shi da iyaka yana nan a duk yaruka inda ake amfani da nau'in gerund daidai da Turanci -ing gerund. An kuma kafa nau'in na biyu ta amfani da nau'in II tare da ƙarshen -an. Hakanan yana iya aiki azaman gerund kuma ana amfani dashi kusan daidai da Turanci zuwa-ƙarshe. Koyaya, amfani da shi yana raguwa a cikin yarukan arewa inda ake maye gurbinsa da nau'ikan aikatau na gaba. *a'a* cikin yaruka inda ake amfani da nau'in nan gaba da na biyu, ana kirkirar nau'in gaba *tafi* amfani da nau-in I tare da ƙarshen canji -a ko -go. An kafa nau'i na uku ta amfani da nau'ikan aikatau na I tare da ƙarshen -an. Yana da alaƙa da harshen Ingilishi mara iyaka.

## Bayanan da aka ambata

* Shintani Tadahiko. 2015. *Harshen Zotung*. Binciken harshe na yankin al'adun Tay (LSTCA) na 105. Tokyo: Cibiyar Bincike don Harsuna da Al'adu na Asiya da Afirka (ILCAA).
Harshen Bowili

Ana magana da harshen **Bowili** (Bowiri), ***Tuwuli*** (Liwuli, Siwuri, Tuwili, Tora), a Yankin Volta na Ghana. Ana ɗaukar shi ɗaya daga cikin yarukan Ghana-Togo Mountain na dangin Kwa.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Harshen Bozom

**Bokoto** (wazôm, Gbaya-Bozoum) yare ne na Gbaya na Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya . Ethnologue ya ba da rahoton cewa yana iya zama mai fahimta tare da Gbaya-Bossangoa.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Jean-Pierre Dikongué Pipa

**Jean-Pierre Dikongué Pipa** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1940) tsohon darektan fina-finan kasar Kamaru ne kuma marubuci. Ya shirya fim mai cikakken tsayi na farko akasar  Kamaru, *[[Muna Moto]]*, a cikin 1975. Fina-finan Dikongué Pipa sun tattauna dangantakar dake tsakanin al'adun gargajiyar kasar Kamaru da na ssauran duniya baki ɗaya. 

## Fim

## Bayanan kula

## Manazarta
* DeLancey, Mark W., and Mark Dike DeLancey (2000): *Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Cameroon* (3rd ed.). Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press.
* Mbaku, John Mukum (2005). *Culture and Customs of Cameroon*. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
* West, Ben (2004). *Cameroon: The Bradt Travel Guide*. Guilford, Connecticut: The Globe Pequot Press Inc.

## Hanyoyin Hadi na waje
* 
* Jean-Pierre Dikongué Pipa  at the Marfilmes.
Harshen Nhlangwini

**Nhlangwini/Ntlangwini** (Hlangwane) yaren Bantu ne na Afirka ta Kudu. Tana kan iyaka tsakanin Xhosa da Zulu, amma tana da alaƙa da Swazi.

Mutanen Nhlangwini/Ntlangwini su ne mafi girma a kabilar Nguni a KZN ta Kudu Coast, Bulwer, Mzimkhulu da kuma a sassan Gabashin Cape kamar Matatiele (kwaMzongwana da Makhoba) Tsolo, Tsomo, Ngqamakhwe, Willowvale (kuGatyana) da Keiskabohoekqo . Yanar Gizo: https://ntlangwini.org/ 

## Asali
Sunan yaren ya samo asali ne daga kalmar da ke nufin reedbuck (cf. *INhlangu* a Zulu, *iNtlangu* a cikin Xhosa ). Basarake Nombewu, mahaifin babban sarki, inkosi uFodo na dangin Nhangwini jarumi ne mai farauta tare da ɗansa Fodo. An ce fatar *inhlangu* ba za ta iya huda mashi ba. Abin da mafarautan suka yi a lokacin da suke kokarin kashe shi shi ne su nufa a matsayin zuciya, sannan su danna mashin da karfi har zuciyar ta shiga tsakani ba tare da mashin ya ratsa cikin fata ba. Shi ya sa aka yaba wa Fodo da cewa: *Umkhonto kawungeni ungena ngokucindetela.* ("Mashin da baya shiga, yana shiga ne da dannawa da karfi".)

Fodo ya kasance yana gabatar da Dingane tare da fatun wannan dabba. Shi, tare da mutanensa, don haka aka fi sani da abantu benhlangu (mutanen dabbar inhlangu, don haka abaseNhlangwini.

## Manazarta

* Phyllis Jane Nonhlanhla Zungu, 1989, *Nhlangwini, Yaren Tekela-Nguni da Alakarsa zuwa "daidaita Zulu" da Sauran Yarukan Nguni*, Jami'ar Natal, Pietermaritzburg.
Josiah Kibira

**Josiah Kibira** ɗan fim ne ɗan ƙasar Tanzaniya mai zaman kansa.

## Rayuwar farko
An haife shi a Bukoba a yankin Kagera a Tanzania, ɗan Josiah Kibira da Martha Kibira. Ya halarci kwaleji a Lindsborg, Kansas kuma ya kammala karatun digiri a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci. Daga baya ya sami MBA a Jami'ar Jihar Metropolitan a Minneapolis, Minnesota. Ya fahimci cewa ba a yi fim a Swahili ba.

Bayan ya yi nazarin wannan shekaru da yawa, ya rubutun fim ɗin Swahili. Sai da ya sake ɗaukar shekaru 3 kafin ya fara yin fim ɗin. A ƙarshe, an yi fim ɗin *Bongoland.* A cewarsa, zuwan kyamarori na bidiyo na dijital ya sa masu shirya fina-finai masu zaman kansu su iya shirya fina-finai cikin arha.

Bayan *Bongoland*, Kibira ya ci gaba da rubutawa da yin fina-finai cikin harshen Swahili. *Tusamehe* shi ne fim ɗin sa na biyu, da nufin wayar da kan jama'a game da cutar kanjamau da ta addabi ƙasashen Afirka a lokacin, musamman ƙasarsa ta Tanzania.

## Manazarta
Kwamitin Harshen Afirka ta Kudu Pan

**Hukumar Harshen Afirka ta Kudu Pan** ( Afrikaans   , taƙaice **PanSALB** ) ƙungiya ce a Afirka ta Kudu da aka kafa don inganta yawan harsuna, don haɓaka harsunan hukuma 11, da kuma kare haƙƙin harshe a Afirka ta Kudu. Majalisar Afirka ta Kudu ta kafa hukumar a Dokar 59 ta 1995. 

Baya ga harsunan hukuma na 11 na Afirka ta Kudu, PanSALB kuma yana ƙoƙari don haɓaka Harshen Alamar Khoe, San, da Afirka ta Kudu . 

Tsarin PanSALB sun haɗa da: Kwamitocin Harsuna na Lardi, Ƙungiyoyin Harshe na Ƙasa da Rukunin Lantarki na Ƙasa.

## Rigima
A cikin watan Janairun 2016, Ministan fasaha da al'adu na Afirka ta Kudu, Nathi Mthethwa ya rusa dukkan hukumar PanSALB, bayan wani rahoto da ke nuna cewa tsakanin 2014 da 2015, kudaden gudanarwar hukumar ya karu daga miliyan 8 zuwa miliyan 11 na ZAR, yayin da kudaden da ake kashewa a kan aikinta. ya ragu zuwa miliyan 17 daga miliyan 23 na ZAR, yayin da ba a saba kashe shi ba ya kai miliyan 28. 

## Duba kuma
 

* Mu Taalkommissie
* Harsunan Afirka ta Kudu

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Kwamitin Harshen Afirka ta Kudu Pan
Wairimu Kiambuthi

**Dr. Wairimu Kiambuthi** malami ne kuma daraktan fina-finai na Kenya.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
AAn haifi Kiambuthi a Kenya. AA shekara ta 1999, ya rrubuta takardar shaidarta a Kwalejin Malamai, Jami'ar Columbia, mai taken "Ƙara Wayar da Kan jinsi a Arewacin Kenya Ta hhanyar Tsarin Bidiyo".  

## Sana'a
Kiambuthi ya taɓa zama malami a fannin fasahar wasan kwaikwayo da fasahar fina-finai a Jami’ar Kenyatta da ke Kenya kuma mai ba da shawara kan harkokin yaɗa labarai a Jami’ar Columbia da ke New York. Kiambuthi ya ci gaba da ba da umarni na fim ɗin *’yan Afirka da ’yan Afirka a Amurka*, wani shirin da aka fitar a shekara ta 2006. Fim ɗin na da nufin inganta fahimtar juna tsakanin ƴan Afirka a Amurka kuma an nuna shi a bikin fina-finai na Afirka a New York.   

Tun daga 2016, Kiambuthi malami ne a Kwalejin Bellevue a Washington.

## Fim
* *Africans and African-Americans in the United States* (2006)

## Manazarta