Renee Baillargeon

**Renee  Baillargeon** ( [ʁəne bajaʁʒɔ̃]; an haife ta a shekara ta 1954)  masaniyar ilimin halayyar dan adam ce ta Kanada. Wani fitacciyar farfesa ta Ilimin halayyar dan adam a Jami'ar Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Baillargeon ta ƙware a ci gaban fahimta a jariri. Ta yi karatu a Jami'ar McGill da Jami'ar Pennsylvania, Baillargeon ita ce mai karɓar lambar yabo ta Boyd R. McCandless Young Scientist ta Ƙungiyar Psychological ta Amurka.

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haife shi a Quebec, Kanada, Baillargeon shine ɗan na uku na iyayen Faransa-Kanada. An fi saninta da bincikenta wanda ke nuna cewa jarirai suna da fahimtar dokokin jiki kamar ƙarfi, kamewa, da ɓoyewa tun suna ƙarami. Koyaya, abubuwan da take so na bincike sun haɗa da batutuwa daban-daban a cikin tunani na asali, yana mai da hankali ba kawai kan jiki ba har ma da ilimin halayyar mutum, zamantakewa, da kuma fannonin halittu. BA ya sami B.A. a cikin Psychology daga Jami'ar McGill a 1975 da Ph.D. a cikin psychology daga Jami'ar Pennsylvania a 1981 a ƙarƙashin kulawar Rochel Gelman da Elizabeth Spelke . Daga baya, daga 1981 zuwa 1982, Baillargeon ya kammala karatun postdoctoral a MIT a karkashin kulawar Susan Carey . Ta sami nadin ilimi na farko a Jami'ar Texas a Austin a 1982, shekara guda bayan haka ta koma Jami'ar Illinois inda ta kasance tun daga lokacin.

### Bincike

#### Yankunan tunani na asali
Baillargeon tana ciyar da yawancin aikinta wajen binciken ci gaban jarirai ta hanyar ruwan tabarau na yankuna. Yankunan tsari ne na musamman wanda ke ba jarirai damar yin tunani da koyo game da abubuwan da suka faru. Baillargeon ya gano fannoni huɗu na tunani mai mahimmanci da ake kira tunani na jiki, tunani na tunani, tunani na zamantakewa, da tunani na halitta. Kowane yanki na huɗu yana mai da hankali kan takamaiman tsammanin da jarirai ke da shi yayin da suke shaida wani abu.

## Inganta fahimtar fahimtar jariri
Binciken Baillargeon game da tunanin da ke haifar da jarirai ya kara fahimtar game da Ka'idar Piaget game da ci gaban fahimta. Gwaje-gwajen Piaget game da ci gaban ra'ayi na dindindin abu a cikin jarirai sun buƙaci yara su bincika abin da aka ɓoye ta hanyar cire murfin don bayyana abu. Baillargeon ya yi jayayya cewa binciken Piaget game da gazawar jarirai don fahimtar dindindin har zuwa watanni 8-12 ya samo asali ne daga rashin ikon motsi kamar yadda ya saba da rashin isasshen ci gaban fahimta. A kokarin lissafa rashin ƙwarewar motsi na jarirai, binciken Baillargeon na dindindin abu yana auna lokutan kulawar jarirai akan (watau, tsawon lokacin da suke ciyarwa kallon) ba zai yiwu ba idan aka kwatanta da abubuwan da za su yiwu. Jarirai sun shafe lokaci mai tsawo suna kallon abubuwan da suka saba wa dokokin jiki da aka yi amfani da su ga abubuwa masu duhu, suna nuna cewa jarirai suna, hakika, fahimtar dindindin na abu.

Binciken da Baillargeon da abokin aiki Julie DeVos suka yi ya tabbatar da manufar dindindin a cikin jarirai tun suna da watanni 3.5.  Ta hanyar amfani da mai bin ido, Baillargeon da DeVos sun kammala cewa tsawon lokacin da aka yi kallon karoshi mai tsayi ya nuna cewa jarirai masu watanni 3.5 sun san wanzuwar, tsawo, da kuma jagorancin karoshi, kuma suna da tsammanin ganin karoshi mai tsawo ya bayyana a kan gajeren allo. Baillargeon yana amfani da kalmar " keta tsarin tsammanin" don lissafin abin mamaki wanda jarirai ke nunawa ta hanyar kallon lokaci mai tsawo a wani abin da ba zai yiwu ba.

Baillargeon ta bayyana ra'ayoyi daban-daban da na malaminta Elizabeth Spelke. Kodayake duka Baillargeon da Spelke sun yi imanin cewa an haifi yara tare da fahimtar duniya, Baillarjeon ya yi iƙirarin cewa wannan fahimtar ta zo ne ta hanyar hanyoyin ilmantarwa yayin da Spelque ya yi jayayya cewa an haife jarirai tare da ilimi mai mahimmanci game da abubuwa. Baillargeon ya yi iƙirarin cewa jarirai suna koyon yin tunani game da sababbin abubuwan da suka faru ta hanyar samar da ra'ayi ko komai, ƙara masu canji masu rarrabewa da ci gaba waɗanda ke da alama suna shafar taron, kuma a ƙarshe suna yin tunani da inganci da yawa.

## Tattaunawa
Binciken Baillargeon game da dindindin ya sadu da zargi daga Gregor Schoner da Esther Thelen. Schoner da Thelen sun yi jayayya cewa Baillargeon tana ƙara yawan sakamakon karatunta game da ilimin jarirai game da dindindin. Sun yi imanin cewa keta tsarin tsammanin kawai yana nuna cewa jarirai suna lura da bambanci tsakanin motsawa, kamar ƙarin motsi ko launuka daban-daban, sabanin nuna mamaki a ganin wani abin da ba zai yiwu ba. Duk da waɗannan zarge-zarge, aikin Baillargeon ya ci gaba da kasancewa mai tasiri a cikin ilimin halayyar ci gaba.

## Manyan ayyukan

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## Kyaututtuka

* 1989: Kyautar Boyd R. McCandless Young Scientist daga Ƙungiyar Psychological ta Amirka.
* 1991: Guggenheim Fellow . 
* 2007: An zabe shi Fellow na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka.
* 2013: Kyautar Kasa da Kasa ta Gidauniyar Fyssen don ba da gudummawa ga ilimi mai yawa a kan taken "Human Cognitive Development".
* 2015: An zabe shi zuwa Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa.

## Manazarta