Carolina Bunjes

**Carolina Bunjes** (1918-2016) ƴar ƙasar Holland ce mai ɗaukar hoto wacce ta yi yaƙi a matsayin 'yar bindiga a Yaƙin basasar Spain kuma ta yi aiki tare da Resistance a Netherlands . 

Tun tana ƙarama take adawa da mulkin kama karya na gurguzu, ta yi tafiya zuwa Spain inda ta ɗauki makamai don yaƙar ' yan kishin ƙasar Spain a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar sojojin ƙasa da ƙasa . Ta yi yaƙi a fannoni daban-daban na yaƙin, amma ta kasa gamsuwa da abokan kawancenta a jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Spain bayan an daure ta bisa zarginta da zama ɗan leƙen asiri na Jamus. 'Yan kishin ƙasa sun kama ta bayan nasarar da suka samu kuma suka koma Netherlands, inda suka same ta a ƙarƙashin mamayar 'yan Nazi .

A can ta shiga ƙungiyar adawa ta Holland, inda ta kare Yahudawa daga hannun 'yan sanda masu kare haƙƙin jama'a da kuma ɓoye makamai don adawa da gwamnatin Nazi. Bayan 'yantar da Netherlands, ta tafi Luxembourg ta kafa iyali tare da wani da ya tsira daga kisan kiyashi na Holocaust. Bayan mutuwarsa, ta ƙaura zuwa Italiya ta kafa otal, wanda ta kula da shi har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya tana da shekaru 70. An ba ta fansho saboda ayyukanta na adawa kuma ta shafe shekarunta na ƙarshe tsakanin Amsterdam da Pontassieve, inda ta mutu a shekarar 2016.

## Tarihin Rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Carolina Bunjes a Utrecht a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, 1918. Ita 'yar Rebecca Jacobs ce, wacce ta fito daga dangin Yahudawa 'yan asalin ƙasar Holland, da kuma Wilhelm Rudolf Bunjes, Bajamushe wanda ya tsere daga Jamus bayan ya gudu daga Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya .   Tun tana ƙarama, ta ƙaura zuwa Berlin tare da iyalinta, inda suka rayu a lokacin da Adolf Hitler ya hau mulki . 

Tana da shekaru goma sha shida, ta bar gidan danginta don komawa Netherlands . Ta koma Amsterdam inda ta zauna tare da babbar 'yar uwarta, Cato, wata mace mai ra'ayin siyasa mai zurfi a ɓangaren hagu wanda zai zama babban tasiri ga Bunjes.  Tun tana ƙarama ta fara sha'awar rashin tsari da gurguzu .  A wannan matakin ta haɗu da Franz Lövenstein, wani matashi ɗan gurguzu na Jamus, wanda ta shiga zanga-zanga daban-daban. An daure ta saboda rarraba takardu na gurguzu kuma an kori Lövenstein daga ƙasar, kuma bayan an sake ta sun yanke shawarar zama tare a Paris. A wancan lokacin, tare da yawan kwararar Yahudawan Jamus zuwa Faransa, an ba da izinin zama na ɗan lokaci kawai, don haka lokacin da Bunjes ke da shekaru goma sha takwas, sun yi tafiya zuwa Spain inda dukansu suke son yin yaƙi a matsayin masu sa kai a yaƙi da mulkin kama karya .  Sun ga Yaƙin Basasa na Spain a matsayin farkon yaƙin duniya. 

### Yaƙin Basasa na Spain
Da isowarsu Spain a lokacin bazara na 1936, suna zaune a El Raval . Domin samun abin rayuwa, Bunjes ta isar da jaridu kuma ta ɗauki hotuna don buga littattafan wasanni da kuma hotunan ayyukan tashar jiragen ruwa . An buga ayyukanta galibi a *Última Hora* da *La Humanidad* . Max Friedmann da Werner Hemlin, waɗanda suka kasance ma'aikatan ƙasashen waje na Jam'iyyar Socialist ta Catalonia (PSUC) sun taimaka musu.  Franz Lövenstein ya shiga gwagwarmayar tun daga farko. A ranar 19 ga Yuli, ya shiga yaƙin titi a Barcelona kuma daga baya ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mayaƙan da suka kafa Bataliyar Thälmann na Brigade ta 11 ta Duniya .  Lövenstein ya rabu da Bunjes ya tafi filin Aragon, inda ya mutu a yaƙin Ebro a 1938. 

An yi wa Bunjes rijista a matsayin mai ɗaukar hoto a hedikwatar Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Spain (PCE) kuma ta yi aiki a jaridun *Juventud* da *Ahora: Diario Gráfico* .  A watan Satumba na 1936, a Madrid, ta ba da rahoto kan zanga-zangar Brigade ta Duniya.    A wata hira, Bunjes ta tuna cewa mafi munin abin da ya faru da ta fuskanta a Madrid shine mummunan harin bam da rundunar Nazi Condor da rundunar sojin saman Italiya suka kai birnin. Ta ɗauki hotunansa wanda ta aika wa 'yar uwarta a ofishin rundunar sojojin ƙasa da ƙasa da ke Paris, wanda ke da alhakin rarraba su.  A watan Nuwamba na 1936, a lokacin da aka kewaye babban birnin, ta shiga cikin kare Madrid daga rundunar sojojin Afirka ta Francisco Franco . A can ta haɗu ta auri Antonio Blas García, wani kwamandan sojojin Spain a rundunar Republican .    Lini, kamar yadda ake kiranta, ta kasance jakada a cikin rundunar sojojin Joven Guardia. A watan Disamba, a gefen Navalcarnero, ta ji rauni a hannunta. Hotonta da aka ɗaure da hannunta ya bayyana a cikin wallafe-wallafe daban-daban na lokacin. Ɗaya daga cikin hotunan da aka yaɗa shi ne Hans Gutmann, marubucin wasu hotuna masu ban sha'awa da yawa kamar na Marina Ginestà .  A cikin fitowar jaridar ** ta Disamba 1936, tare da hoton da Aibero y Segovia ta ɗauka, an bayyana ta kamar haka: 

## Manazarta