Bautar bayi a cikin ƙarni na 21

**Bautar zamani**, kuma wani lokaci ana kiranta da **bautar zamani** ko **bautar zamani ta da**, tana nufin bautar hukumomi da ke ci gaba da faruwa a yau q cikin al'umma. Ƙididdiga na adadin mutanen da aka bautar a yau ya  bambanta daga kusan miliyan 38  zuwa miliyan 49.6,    dangane da hanyar da aka yi amfani da shi don samar da ƙima da ma'anar bautar da ake amfani da ita.  Ana tafka mahawara akan kiyasin adadin mutanen da aka bautar da su, domin babu wata ma’anar bautar zamani da duniya ta amince da ita;  waɗanda ke cikin bauta sau da yawa suna da wuyar ganewa, kuma ba a samun isasshun ƙididdiga.

Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya  ta kiyasta cewa, ta ma'anarsu, sama da mutane miliyan 40 suna cikin wani nau'i na bauta a yau. Wasu mutane miliyan 24.9 suna cikin aikin tilastawa, wanda mutane miliyan 16 ke amfani da su a cikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu kamar aikin gida, gine-gine ko noma,  mutane miliyan 4.8 na yin lalata ta tilas, da kuma mutane miliyan 4 a cikin aikin tilastawa da hukumomin jihohi suke sanya su.  Wasu ƙarin mutane miliyan 15.4 na auren dole.

## Ma'anarsa
Ofishin Kula da Yaki da Fataucin Mutane, Hukumar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, ta ce "bautar zamani',' fataucin mutane, da 'fataucin bayi' an yi amfani da su azaman laima ga aikin ɗaukar ma'aikata, jigilar kaya, samarwa ko samun mutum don tilasta yin aiki ko yin jima'i na kasuwanci ta hanyar yin amfani da karfi, ko kuma tilastawa". Bayan waɗannan, ana amfani da wasu sharuɗɗa daban-daban a cikin Tarayyar Amurka waɗanda ke fama da fataucin fataucin da Dokar Kariya ta 2000 da kuma Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya don Hana, dannewa da azabtar da fataucin mutane, musamman mata da yara, gami da "bautar da ba da gangan ba", "bautarwa" ko "ayyukan kamawa da bautar aiki", da "bautar bashi", da "bautar kwadago". 

A cewar farfesa na Amurka Kevin Bales, wanda ya kafa kuma tsohon shugaban kungiyar masu zaman kansu da kuma bayar da shawarwari 'Yanci bayi, bautar zamani yana faruwa "lokacin da mutum yake ƙarƙashin ikon wani mutum wanda ya yi amfani da tashin hankali da karfi don kula da wannan iko, kuma makasudin wannan iko shine amfani". The impact of slavery is expanded when targeted at vulnerable groups such as children. According to this definition, research from the Walk Free Foundation based on its Global Slavery Index 2018 estimated that there were about 40.3 million slaves around the world.  Ana faɗaɗa tasirin bautarwa lokacin da aka yi niyya ga ƙungiyoyi masu rauni kamar yara. Bisa ga wannan ma'anar, bincike daga Gidauniyar Walk Free bisa tushenta na Bautar Duniya na shekarar 2018 an kiyasta cewa akwai kimanin bayi miliyan 40.3 a duniya.   A wani kiyasin da ke nuna adadin ya kai kusan miliyan 13, an kiyasta cewa kusan miliyan 12.3 na waɗannan bayi na wannan zamani yara ne. 

Bales ya yi gargaɗin cewa, saboda a hukumance an soke bautar a ko'ina, wannan al'adar ta sabawa doka, kuma ta fi ɓoye wa ga jama'a da hukumomi. Wannan ya sa ba za a iya samun takamaiman adadi daga tushe na farko ba. Mafi kyawun abin da za a iya yi shi ne ƙididdigewa bisa tushe na biyu, kamar binciken Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, labaran jaridu, rahotannin gwamnati, da alkaluma daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu. 

Bautar zamani tana ci gaba da wanzuwa saboda dalilai da yawa waɗanda tsofaffin bambance-bambancen suka yi: al'ada ce mai fa'ida ta tattalin arziki ga masu bautar, duk da matsalolin ɗabi'a. Matsalar dai ta yi kamari ne a 'yan shekarun nan, sakamakon yadda *ba a yi amfani* da su ba da kuma yadda farashin bayi ya ragu matuka.

## Manazarta