Kwalejin Ƴan mata ta Schmidt

**Kwalejin Yan mata ta Schmidt** makaranta ce da ke cikin Gabashin Urushalima. An kafa ta a 1886, kuma kimanin ɗalibai 500 ke halarta a yau. Makarantar tana da shirin *[[grundschule]]* (makarantar firamare), da kuma  (DIAP, Jamusawa International Abitur) shirin. Haka kuma tana bayar da shirin Tawjihi. Duk da cewa mallakar Ƙungiyar Jamusawa ta Ƙasar Mai Tsarki ce, a halin yanzu tana ƙarƙashin kulawar ’yan’uwa na Congregation of Jesus. Darussa ana koyar da su da Jamusanci, kuma harshen da ake amfani da shi a wajen aji shi ne Turanci. Malamai sun haɗa da ’yan Arab da Jamusawa.

## Tarihi
### Zamanin Daular Usmaniyya: ginin "Old Hospice"
A 1886 an kafa makaranta ga ’yan mata Arab a cikin Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem, a wancan lokacin ɓangare na Daular Usmaniyya, a sabon ginin "Old Hospice", inda ta raba wuri da masaukin mahajjata da cibiyar lafiya, a lambar 25 na Hillel Street, hanya da ke kaiwa gabas zuwa Jaffa Gate. Makarantar da cibiyar lafiya suna ƙarƙashin kulawar ’yan’uwa Katolika Sisters of Mercy of St. Borromeo. A 1890, ɗan addinin Jamusawa Lazarist, Uban  (1833-1907) ya ɗauki rawar gudanarwa, ya ci gaba da gina makarantar har zuwa hatsarinsa. Makarantar ta samo sunanta daga gare shi. Yawan ɗalibai ya ƙaru daga 36 a 1890 zuwa kusan 120 a 1914, sannan 138 a 1915. Tsarin karatun ya bi tsarin makarantu na jihohin Jamus.

Lokacin tafiyar Kaiser Wilhelm II ta Palasɗinu, ya ziyarci Schmidt's Girls College. A taron da aka yi da shi, Wilhelm Schmidt ya ba da shawarar gina sabon masauki mafi girma da ya dace ga mahajjata. Kaisar ya riga ya tallafa wajen gina Cocin Lutheran na Mai Ceto a tsohon birni da kafa Abbey of the Dormition a Mount Zion. Da goyon bayansa, Ƙungiyar Jamusawa ta Ƙasar Mai Tsarki ta sayi filaye biyu a gaban Damascus Gate a Urushalima, inda suka gina Paulus-Haus. Bayan mutuwar Schmidt a 1907, rawar gudanarwa ta koma ga , wanda ya ci gaba da gina ɗakin karatu da faɗaɗa tarin kimiyyar halitta. Masaukin mahajjata ya koma sabon gini a 1908, inda aka kafa makarantar koyar da malamai. Wannan ya ba da damar samun karin ɗakunan karatu a tsohon hospice.

A farkon Yaƙin Duniya na Farko, makarantar ta rufe, kamar sauran cibiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa, amma ta ci gaba da aiki a farkon 1915 saboda kyakkyawar dangantaka tsakanin Jamus da Daular Usmaniyya. Kaɗai sharadi shi ne a haɗa Turanci a matsayin harshen koyarwa.

### Zamanin Birtaniya
Bayan kwace Urushalima da sojojin Birtaniya a ƙarshen 1917, makarantar ta rufe na tsawon shekaru uku. Lokacin da aka buɗe ta a ƙarƙashin Mandaten Birtaniya na Palasɗinu, Turanci ya maye gurbin Jamusanci a matsayin harshen koyarwa. Sai dai daga baya Jamusanci ya dawo. Ta hanyar ɗaukar tsarin karatun Palasɗinu, ɗalibai sun samu takardun kammala sakandare na Palasɗinu tare da na Jamus, da kuma damar yin jarabawar koyarwa. A farko, makarantar ta koyar da ɗalibai 27 aji biyu da ƙungiyar kindergarten. Saboda ƙarancin ’yan mata, an karɓi maza har zuwa 1930. A 1936 yawan ɗalibai ya kai 370.

Jamusanci ya zama tilas daga aji na shida a cikin 1930s. An kafa rukunin Jamusawa da aji biyu da aka koyar bisa tsarin Jamus.

Tun daga 1925 cocin Jamusawa da gwamnati sun ƙara tallafi ga makarantar, amma makarantar ta kasance ba ta shafi Naziyanci bayan 1933.

A farkon Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu malamai Jamusawa aka kori, ciki har da shugabar makaranta, Sister Marina Kramm, wadda aka maye da ’yar Arab Sister Elia Sa’ati. Malamai Jamusawa sun dawo a 1943 kuma makarantar ta ci gaba da aiki har zuwa farkon Yaƙin Palasɗinu a Mayu 1948.

### Zamanin Jordan: "Paulus-Haus"
Tsohon hospice a Hillel Street, da aka yi amfani da shi a matsayin ginin makaranta, ya kasance a yammacin, ɓangaren Isra’ila na Urushalima bayan yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta ta 1949. Amma ɗalibai yawanci suna zaune a Gabashin Urushalima, a ƙarƙashin Jordan kuma dole su ketare layin tsagaita wuta zuwa makarantar. Saboda haka, makarantar ta koma Paulus-Haus a 1 Oktoba 1950. Shugaban makaranta, Father Sonnen, ya samu damar yin wannan da sauri ta goyon bayan hukumomin Isra’ila, inda aka yi amfani da motoci fiye da 60 wajen jigilar kayan. Bayan shekaru uku makarantar ta samu kusan ɗalibai 400. (Tsohon ginin Hospice yanzu yana ɗauke da *Jerusalem Italian Jews Association*, tare da Cocin Italiana da, tun daga 1952, Gidan Tarihin Yahudawan Italiana).

Paulus-Haus ba a tsara shi a matsayin makarantar kwana ba kuma ya ci gaba da zama hospice. A cikin 1950s an gina sabbin gine-gine, kuma a 1962 aka fara gina sabon wurin makaranta a ƙasar da ke kusa da Paulus-Haus. Duk da cewa an kammala shi a 14 Mayu 1967, Yaƙin kwanaki shida ya fara bayan ’yan kwanaki, inda sabon ginin ya samu mummunan lalacewa a wajen.
A watan Yuni 1967 Isra’ila ta mamaye Gabashin Urushalima da West Bank, inda wani ɓangare na ɗalibai ke zaune.

## Dubin karatu
Tsawon shekaru goma sha biyu na makarantar yana ƙarewa da takardar shaidar Tawjihi ta Palasɗinu da kuma  (DIAP, "Shirin Abitur na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Jamus"). Abitur ana gane shi ta hukumomin ilimi na Palasɗinu kuma yana ba da damar neman karatu a jami’o’i a Jamus, Palasɗinu da duniya baki ɗaya. Kusan kashi 100% na ɗaliban Schmidt’s College suna ci gaba zuwa jami’a. Schmidt's Girls College ana ɗaukar ta a matsayin cibiyar daraja kuma masu kammala karatu suna da buƙata a wurin masu aiki. Makarantar tana ƙarƙashin kulawar ’yan’uwa na Congregation of Jesus (CJ), wanda aka fi sani da Mary Ward Sisters, tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi.

Makarantar Katolika ce wadda ke bin Corpus Iuris Canonici (ma’ana "Jikin Dokar Canon") kuma tana jaddada buƙatun Gravissimum educationis. Tun daga kafuwarta, tana bin al’adun Jamusawa kuma tana da alaƙa kusa da yanayin ilimin Jamus. A lokaci guda makaranta ce a yankin da yawanci Musulmai ke zaune. Wannan yana bayyana a cikin tsarin ɗalibai: kashi 80% Musulmai ne, kashi 20% Kiristoci, wanda ya saba da tsarin malamai.

## Fitattun masu kammala karatu

Karimeh Abbud (1893–1940), mai ɗaukar hoto

Yusra Al Barbari (1923–2009), malamar Palasɗinu kuma mai fafutuka

Salma Khadra Jayyusi (1925–2023), marubuciya kuma masanin tarihin adabi na Palasɗinu

Shahd Seethaler-Wari (*1983), mai tsara birane da gine-gine Jamusawa-Palasɗinu

## Manazarta

### Zamanin Isra’ila: sabon gini
A Yuni 1967 Isra’ila ta mamaye Gabashin Urushalima da West Bank, inda wani ɓangare na ɗalibai k