Ronald Hamowy

**Ronald Hamowy** / / həˈmaʊi / ; Afrilu 17, 1937 - Satumba 8, 2012)  ƙwararren masani ne a ƙasar Kanada, wanda aka fi sani da gudummawarsa ga fannonin siyasa da zamantakewa. A lokacin rasuwarsa, ya kasance farfesa mai ƙarfin hali a tarihin ilimi a Jami'ar Alberta da ke Edmonton, Kanada . Hamowy yana da alaƙa sosai da akidar siyasa ta ' yanci kuma rubuce-rubucensa da kuma iliminsa sun fi mai da hankali kan 'yancin mutum ɗaya da iyakokin ayyukan gwamnati a cikin al'umma mai 'yanci.  Yana da alaƙa da wasu fitattun ƙungiyoyin ' yanci na Amurka .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Hamowy a Shanghai, a Jamhuriyar China . Iyalinsa Bayahude ne; mahaifinsa kuma daga Siriya ne, mahaifiyarsa kuma daga Masar ce. [1] Ya girma a birnin New York . Ya yi karatun digirinsa na farko a fannin tattalin arziki da tarihi a Jami'ar Cornell da Kwalejin City ta New York . A shekarar 1960 aka shigar da shi shirin digiri na uku a Kwamitin Tunanin Jama'a, Jami'ar Chicago, kuma ya yi digirinsa na uku a ƙarƙashin kulawar farfesa Friedrich Hayek . Ya yi karatun digiri na biyu a Kwalejin Balliol, Oxford, inda ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin Sir Isaiah Berlin kuma ya yi ƙarin aikin digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Paris .

Ya koma Amurka a shekarar 1968 don zama malami kuma daga baya mataimakin darakta na Shirin Tarihin Wayewar Yamma a Jami'ar Stanford . A shekarar 1969, ya karɓi aiki a matsayin mataimakin farfesa a Sashen Tarihi a Jami'ar Alberta da ke Edmonton, babbar jami'a a Yammacin Kanada. Ya koyar a can har zuwa 1975, lokacin da ya ɗauki aiki a Sashen Kimiyyar Siyasa a Jami'ar Simon Fraser, Burnaby, British Columbia ; bayan shekaru biyu a Simon Fraser, ya koma Jami'ar Alberta inda ya ci gaba har sai da ya yi ritaya daga koyarwa a shekarar 1998. Ya zauna kusa da Washington, DC .

## Rayuwar ilimi
Hamowy ya ɗauki tsarin koyarwa da ilimi mai zurfi a fannoni daban-daban. Tattaunawar da ya yi a taron karawa juna sani ta yaɗu cikin 'yanci a fannonin ilimin ɗan adam da zamantakewa, ciki har da tarihi, falsafa, shari'a, ka'idar siyasa, ka'idar zamantakewa, ka'idar tattalin arziki mai tsarki, adabi, magani, da kuma ilimin tabin hankali . 

Duk da cewa ya yi amfani da tsarin koyarwa da dama tare da Rothbard, wanda ya kai shi shekaru goma, a wannan lokacin, mutum zai iya ƙara jaddada tasirin Rothbard ko kuma lokacin da Hamowy ya yi yana yin aikin digiri na biyu a Turai. Ana fahimtar Hamowy a matsayin samfurin wani zamani na musamman na ilimi a Amurka wanda masu tunani da suka zurfafa cikin salon nahiyar suka yi tasiri sosai, waɗanda da yawa daga cikinsu sun zo, kai tsaye ko a kaikaice, daga Turai zuwa Amurka daga shekarun 1930 zuwa 1950.

Mafi kyawun malamai sun fi mayar da hankali kan jami'o'i uku na Amurka: Sabuwar Makarantar Nazarin Zamantakewa a Birnin New York ; Jami'ar Notre Dame da ke South Bend, Indiana ; kuma mafi mahimmanci, ƙungiyar waɗannan malamai da aka kafa a Kwamitin Tunanin Zamantakewa a Jami'ar Chicago, inda Hamowy ya yi karatun digirinsa na uku a shekarun 1960.

Masu ƙaura na nahiyar da suka fi tasiri kai tsaye kan ci gaban iliminsa su ne Hans Kohn, Ludwig von Mises, da Hayek. Wannan tasirin ya faru ne kafin zuwan Hamowy Chicago kuma ya fara a birnin New York tun yana ɗan digiri na farko.

Ya yaba wa farfesa Kohn na tarihin ilimi na Kwalejin City, wanda ya isa Amurka a shekarun 1930 sannan daga baya ya koyar a Kwalejin City tsawon shekaru da yawa, tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1940. Hakika, Kohn ne ya fara sha'awar tarihin ilimi bayan ya dawo birnin New York daga Ithaca, New York, a shekarar 1956. A daidai lokacin, ya kuma fara halartar tarurrukan karawa juna sani da laccoci da masanin tattalin arziki na Austria mai ra'ayin sassaucin ra'ayi Von Mises, wanda shi ma ya isa Amurka a shekarun 1940, ke bayarwa.

Mises ya yi tasiri sosai ga tsarar masana tunani na Amurka ban da Hamowy, ciki har da Ralph Raico, Leonard Liggio, George Reisman, Israel Kirzner, da Rothbard. Hamowy ya fara haɗuwa da Hayek lokacin da Hamowy ya isa Chicago a kaka ta 1960 don yin aikin digiri na uku a ƙarƙashin kulawar Hayek.

A lokacin, Hayek ya shafe shekaru goma a Jami'ar Chicago kuma ya ci gaba da zama a can na tsawon shekaru biyu kafin ya koma Turai. Hayek ya yi tasiri sosai ga Kwamitin Tunanin Jama'a da kuma ci gaban ilimi na Hamowy a matsayinsa na masanin kasuwa mai 'yanci.

Duk da faɗin tunanin Hamowy na siyasa da zamantakewa, akwai kwararo-kwararo na musamman waɗanda ɗalibansa a Alberta suka fi fahimta kuma an fi mai da hankalinsu a cikin iliminsa.

Ɗaya daga cikin fannoni da ya fi mai da hankali da kuma sha'awar iliminsa shine ka'idar " tsari na bazata ." Wannan yana nufin ra'ayin cewa muhimman tsare-tsare na zamantakewa na iya tasowa ta hanyar ayyukan bazata na mutane marasa adadi maimakon daga zaɓi da gangan ko tsare-tsare na tsakiya. Ana ɗaukar Hamowy ƙwararre a kan ka'idar tsari na bazata, ba tare da tsoron suka ko da mai ba shi shawara Hayek ba. 

## 'Yancin Kai
Farkon abin da Hamowy ya fara yi wa 'yancin kai shi ne ta hanyar George Reisman wanda abokin karatunsa ne na farko. A tsakiyar shekarun 1950, Hamowy yana da alaƙa da Ralph Raico da Murray Rothbard .

Ƙungiyar matasa masu sassaucin ra'ayi da suka kafa a kusa da Rothbard a shekarun 1950 sun fara kiran kansu Circle Bastiat, wanda aka sanya wa suna bayan ƙungiyar masu sassaucin ra'ayi ta Faransa ta gargajiya Frédéric Bastiat . Ƙungiyar ƙungiyar ta haɗa da Hamowy, Rothbard, Raico, Reisman, Leonard Liggio, da Robert Hessen . Taro na yau da kullun da tattaunawa ta dare ɗaya a gidan Rothbard da ke Manhattan abu ne da aka saba yi. Hulɗa da abota tsakanin Hamowy da Rothbard ta ci gaba ba tare da katsewa ba har zuwa mutuwar Rothbard a watan Janairun 1995, yana da shekaru 68.

Bayan ya isa Jami'ar Chicago a kaka ta 1960, shekara guda bayan Raico, wanda ya bar New York zuwa Chicago a shekarar da ta gabata, an nada Hamowy a matsayin editan bita na littattafai na babban littafin ɗaliban 'yanci, *New Individualism Review* jim kaɗan bayan ya shiga Raico a matsayin babban Edita. Jaridar Review, kodayake mujallar ɗalibai ce kawai, ta sami muhimman gudummawa daga masana da yawa, ciki har da waɗanda suka lashe kyautar Nobel nan gaba Hayek, Milton Friedman, George Stigler, da Ronald Coase . Baya ga ayyukansa na gyara, Hamowy ya yi muhawara mai kyau a rubuce tare da mai kula da digirinsa na uku Hayek, kuma wataƙila ba shi da abokantaka amma yana nishadantarwa da mai sharhin ra'ayin mazan jiya William F. Buckley Jr.

Ya ci gaba da bayar da gudummawa ga cibiyoyin tunani da mujallu na 'yanci a duk tsawon aikinsa, ciki har da Cibiyar Independent, Cibiyar Nazarin Dan Adam, Cibiyar Cato, Kwalejin Rampart, *Jaridar Nazarin 'Yanci*, da kuma *Mujallar Cato* .

A tsawon shekarun da ya yi a Kanada, ya ba da gudummawa wajen haɓaka manufar 'yancin al'umma, musamman a Yammacin Kanada . Cibiyar Fraser ce ta buga shi kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai daban-daban da tarurrukan karawa juna sani na ɗalibai waɗanda aka keɓe don ci gaban 'yancin ɗan adam da 'yancin siyasa.

## Littattafai

* *Maganin Kanada: Nazarin Shiga Cikin Takamaiman Shiga* . Vancouver, BC, Kanada: Cibiyar Fraser. 1984.  . OCLC&nbsp;
* *Mu'amala da Magunguna: Sakamakon Gudanar da Gwamnati* . Lexington, MA: Lexington Books. 1988. ISBN&nbsp; . OCLC&nbsp; .
* *Ilimin Siyasar 'Yanci: Adam Ferguson da FA Hayek* . Cheltenham, Birtaniya Edward Elgar. 2005. ISBN&nbsp; . OCLC&nbsp; .
* *Shugabanci da Lafiyar Jama'a a Amurka: Sauyi daga Ayyukan Masu Zaman Kansu zuwa Hukumomin Gwamnati* . New Brunswick, NJ: Ma'amala. 2006. ISBN&nbsp; . OCLC&nbsp; .
* *Gwamnati da Lafiyar Jama'a a Amurka* . Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar. 2007. ISBN&nbsp; . OCLC&nbsp; .
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## Manazarta