Hakkin LGBTQ a Sudan

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, da queer (LGBTQ) mutane a Sudan suna fuskantar manyan kalubale da ba mazaunan LGBTQ ba suka fuskanta ba. Yin jima'i na jinsi guda a Sudan ba bisa ka'ida ba ne ga maza da mata, yayin da halayen homophobic suka kasance a ko'ina cikin ƙasar.

A watan Yulin 2020, Sudan ta cire hukuncin kisa don Yin jima'i na jinsi ɗaya,  da kuma hukuncin jiki. Yin jima'i ya kasance ba bisa ka'ida ba, kuma an riƙe hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku. Matsakaicin hukunci, don laifi na uku, ya kasance ɗaurin rai da rai.

## Dokar game da jima'i na hanci
Sodomy, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin Jima'i na baya ko ma'aurata suna da jinsi ɗaya ko kishiyar jinsi, ba bisa ka'ida ba ne a Sudan. An bayyana laifin a cikin Mataki na 148 na Dokar Laifuka ta 1991. Kalmomin asali (fassara) na dokar sodomy, kamar yadda aka gyara a cikin 2009, sun biyo baya: 
 
A ranar 9 ga watan Yulin 2020, Sudan ta soke hukuncin kisa a matsayin horo ga jima'i na baya. Har ila yau, Majalisar Mulki ta Musamman ta kawar da tilasta bulala 100 kuma ta kara shekaru biyu ga hukuncin don laifi na biyu. An canza hukuncin kisa na uku daga mutuwa ko ɗaurin rai da rai zuwa ɗaurin rai. Ana hukunta laifi na farko har zuwa shekaru biyar kuma laifi na biyu har zuwa shekaru bakwai. 'Yan gwagwarmayar LGBT+ na Sudan sun yaba da sake fasalin a matsayin 'babban mataki na farko' amma sun ce bai isa ba tukuna, kuma burin ƙarshe ya kamata ya zama kawar da ayyukan jima'i na ɗan luwaɗi gaba ɗaya.

## Tarihi

### Al'ummar ƙabilar Nuba a cikin shekarun 1930
Siegfried Frederick Nadel ya rubuta game da kabilun Nuba a ƙarshen shekarun 1930. Ya lura cewa a cikin Otoro, akwai rawar da ta dace ta musamman inda maza suka yi ado kuma suka rayu a matsayin mata. Har ila yau, luwadi na transvestitic ya kasance tsakanin mutanen Moru, Nyima, da Tira, kuma sun ba da rahoton auren Korongo Lond da Mesakin *tubali* don Farashin amarya na awaki ɗaya.

A cikin kabilun Korongo da Mesakin, Nadel ya ba da rahoton rashin amincewa tsakanin maza da suka watsar da rayuwar sansanin maza don rayuwa ta dindindin. Duk da yake ba kai tsaye ya danganta fifiko da aka lura da rayuwar sansanin ba, Nadel ya nuna siffofi biyu na rayuwar kabilanci, yayin da yake kallon su, dangane da fifiko: cewa "al'umma ce ta matrilineal ... inda 'ya'yan itace na haihuwa ba na mutum ba ne", da kuma "mai karfi da aka jaddada kan abokantaka na namiji, ... [kuma] kuma, ... yaduwar luwadi da transvesticism. "[and]

## Siyasa game da haƙƙin LGBTQ
A ranar 4 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2011 an gudanar da zabe a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan aikace-aikacen Ƙungiyar Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans da Intersex don matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Jama'a ta Majalisar Dinkinobho. Sudan ta yi kira ga No Action Motion don hana jefa kuri'a kan matsayin shawarwari ga ƙungiyar LGBTQ, kuma motsin su ya wuce 9-7, don haka ba a jefa kuri'ar batun ba.

## Halin zamantakewa
Manufofin jima'i na jinsi guda sun raba wasu al'ummomin addini. A shekara ta 2006, Ibrahim Mayom Athiaan, wani bishop a Sudan ta Kudu, ya jagoranci rabuwa daga Ikilisiyar Episcopal ta Sudan saboda abin da ya dauka a matsayin gazawar jagorancin coci don hukunta luwadi sosai.

Rahoton Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2011 ya gano cewa: 

A cikin Binciken Barometer na Larabawa na 2019, kashi 17% na Sudanese sun ce luwadi ya dace.

### Ƙungiyoyin 'yanci
Kungiyar LGBTQ ta farko a kasar ita ce Freedom Sudan, wacce aka kafa a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2006.  Koyaya, ba a ga kasancewar intanet daga shafin Facebook na kungiyar ba tun 2013. Wani rukuni, Rainbow Sudan,  an kafa shi ne a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu 2012.  Wanda ya kafa ta, wanda aka fi sani da Mohammed, ya bayyana aikin da manufofin kungiyar:  "...[W]e suna da kungiyoyin da ke aiki a kan layi da kuma waje. Muna samar da ƙaramin cibiyar sadarwa ta mutane da ke aiki ta hanyar da aka tsara don ci gaba da batutuwan LGBTQ, don nuna ko wanene mu, don dakatar da nuna bambanci, don ganin an san hakkokinmu. "Muna samar da ilimin jima'i, goyon bayan tunani da motsin rai, kariya. "Rainbow Sudan ta intanet ta ƙare bayan Janairu 2015.

## Manazarta