Marie Guillot

**Marie Guillot** (9 ga Satumba 1880, Damerey – 5 ga Maris 1934) malamar makaranta ce a Saône-et-Loire kuma majagaba a fannin ƙungiyar ƙwadago a fannin ilimin firamare. Ta danganta 'yancin zamantakewa da ƙungiyar syndicalism za ta kawo tare da ƙarfafa mata. A matsayinta na anarcho-syndicalist, ta kasance memba a cikin shugabannin ƙasa na *Confédération générale du travail unitaire* (CGTU – Babban Haɗin Kan Ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago) a 1922–1923. Ta kasance mai himma a gwagwarmayar 'yan anarchists, waɗanda suka yi imani da ƙungiyar ma'aikata mai ra'ayin raba iko ko ta tarayya, a kan 'yan gurguzu waɗanda suka yi imani da ƙungiya ta tsakiya.

## Shekarun farko
An haifi Marie Guillot a watan Satumba na shekarar 1880 a Damerey, a yankin Bresse na sashen Saône-et-Loire, inda iyalinta suka samo asali. Har tsawon rayuwarta Marie Guillot ta ci gaba da kasancewa da alaƙa mai ƙarfi da wannan yanki na kudancin Burgundy. Mahaifinta, mai aikin gona na yau da kullun, ya mutu lokacin da take da shekaru uku kacal. Don ciyar da Marie da 'yar uwarta, mahaifiyarta ta bar ƙauyen Bresse don yin aiki a gari mafi kusa, Chalon-sur-Saône, inda ta sami aiki a matsayin mai wanki na yau da kullun. Marie ɗaliba ce mai kyau a makaranta, wacce malami mai zaman kansa ya koyar. Ta sami *Brevet supérieur*, cancantar da ake buƙata don ƙaramin aikin gwamnati. 

A shekara ta 1899, Marie Guillot ta zama malamar makarantar firamare, kuma ta sami damar tallafa wa mahaifiyarta. Bayan shekaru da dama a matsayin malamar wucin gadi, da kuma mukamai a makarantu a Mâcon, yankin Autun da Bresse, ta sami aiki a wata makaranta a wani ƙaramin ƙauye a Côte Chalonnaise .  Ta koyar daga 1904 zuwa 1921. Ta kasance ba ta da aure, tana raba kuzarinta tsakanin ayyukan koyarwa da na ƙungiyar ƙwadago . A kusan 1910 ta kafa sashen Saône-et-Loire na *Fédération des syndicats d'instituteurs* (Tarayyar ƙungiyoyin malamai), kuma ta hau sakatariyar a cikin yanayi mai cike da rikici na gudanarwa. 

## Tsarin haɗin kai
Rayuwa mai tsauri ta iyayen Guillot, yanayin rayuwarta, [lower-alpha 1] da cin zarafi daga shugabannin gudanarwa sun gamsar da ita game da buƙatar ƙungiyoyin kwadago. Waɗannan abubuwan sun kuma sa ta zama mai bin Jam'iyyar Gurguzu, wataƙila a ƙarƙashin tasirin wani malami daga Saône-et-Loire, Théo Bretin . [1] Ta yarda da masu ra'ayin gurguzu cewa za a tsara al'umma ta gaba zuwa ƙungiyoyi. Tana cikin masu biyan kuɗi ga ƙaramin mujallar La Vie ouvrière (Rayuwar Ma'aikata) da Confédération générale du travail (CGT: Babban ƙungiyar ma'aikata). A cikin 1913 ta fara wasiƙa mai ɗorewa da Pierre Monatte, editan. Colette Chambelland da Jean Maitron sun buga wasu daga cikin wasiƙunta a cikin Syndicalisme révolutionnaire et Communisme. A watan Yulin 1913 La Vie ouvrière ta buga wani labarin da aka sanya wa hannu "Marie Guillot". Ta rubuta a matsayin ƙwararren mai fafutuka. [1]

Mujallar CGT ta bar Marie Guillot ta yi magana a cikin fitowarta ta Janairu 1913 a ƙarƙashin sunan barkwanci mai haske "mai biyan kuɗi daga Saône-et-Loire." Ta lura da salon da ke bayyane kuma kai tsaye: "Kun san rashin mata a *La Vie ouvrière* ! Shin kuna tsammanin yin juyin juya hali ko canjin tattalin arziki ba tare da mata ba? (...) Shin kuna jin ƙyama a gare mu? Wannan zai zama kuskure sosai. Ƙungiyar mata ta ratsa jama'a sosai, kuma dole ne a yi la'akari da ita." 

## Tsarin mata
Daga shekarar 1910, Guillot ta shiga cikin tsara da kuma yaɗa *[[L'École émancipée]]* (Makarantar 'Yanci), mujallar ilimi ta mako-mako da Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Malamai Maza da Mata ta Faransa da yankunan mulkin mallaka ke bugawa. An buga muƙaloli huɗu nata, waɗanda aka rubuta su kaɗai ko tare da wasu, a wannan mujallar a shekarar 1911; an buga biyar a shekarar 1912; shida a shekarar 1913; bakwai tsakanin Janairu da Yuli 1914.  Daga Afrilu 1912 ta ɗauki sunan alkalami don wannan bita na *Tribune féministe* . 

Marie Guillot ta ga gwagwarmayar da mata ke yi don daidaito a matsayin muhimmiyar rawa kamar yadda take yi a harkokin siyasa da na ƙungiyar kwadago. Daga shekarar 1906 ta jagoranci Ƙungiyar Matan Saône-et-Loire don yaɗa ra'ayoyin masu ra'ayin addini. Ta yi amfani da littafin *Saône-et-Loire na mako-mako na Socialist* don yaɗa buƙatun mata. *L'École émancipée* ya kuma ba ta damar yaɗa ra'ayoyinta, musamman kan bambancin albashi, matsayi da matsayi tsakanin maza da mata a tsarin ilimi. 

## Manazarta