Ilimi Na Musamman

**Ilimi Na Musamman:** suna ne na fannin ilimi da ake kira (*special education* ko *special need education*) a Turance. Fannin ne da ake samun horo a kansa a jami’o’i tun daga matakin digit na farko, har zuwa digiri na uku, da kuma samun darajar farfesa. Hakanan kuma ilimin musamman darasi
ne da ake koyar da shi a kwalejojin ilimi da kuma jam’o’i ga ɗalibai masu karantar fannin karantarwa, ma’aikatan asibiti da kuma sauran ɗaliban wasu fannoni da suke buƙatarsa a tsarin karatunsu da kuma guraren ayyukansu. 

## Hanyoyi da dabarun karantarwa
Gundarin buƙatar wannan fanni, ita ce horas da mutanen da za su zaƙulo mutane masu buƙata ta musamman dangane da karatu, gano hanyoyin karantar da su, gano nau’ukan buƙatun da suka keɓanta da su, dalilan da ke haifar da wasu daga cikin larurorin da suka mayar da mutanen masu buƙatar musamman, hanyoyin magance waɗanda za a iya magance su, da sauran abubuwa da suke da danganta da buƙata ta musamman. Wannan rubutu da mai karatu yake karantawa, zai yi iya bakin ƙoƙari wajen faɗin ma’anar ilimi musamman, zayyana amfaninsa, lissafo yara/mutane masu buƙatar musamman, bayyana ita kanta buƙatar musamman ɗin, faɗin hanyoyin da za a iya bi wajen gane masu buƙatar musamman, dalilan da ke haifar da matsalolin da ke kai yaro/mutum zama mai buƙatar musamman, lissafo hanyoyin da za a iya bi wajen magance wasu matsalolin da ke haifar da buƙatar musamman, hanyoyi da dabarun karantar da masu buƙatar musamman da sauran su, domin shi rubutun ya zama ya:

#Sauƙaƙa wa ɗaliban da ke karantar wannan fanni fahimtar abin da suke karanta domin samun cikakkiyar nasara a karatunsu.
#Taimaka wa malaman makaranta, iyaye, masu kula da yara da kuma ma’aikatan asibiti su zama sun gane yara/mutane masu buƙatun musamman domin su basu gudunmawar da ta dace da su, a kuma lokacin da ya dace, domin su kansu masu buƙatun musamman ɗin su zama sun amfani kansu sannan kuma sun amfanar da wasun su.

## Ra’ayoyin Ma’anar Ilimi na Musamman
* Wannan fanni, ya samu ma’anoni da dama daga ƙwararrun masana fannin, inda kowannensu ke bashi ma’ana gwargwadon fahimta. Alhassan (2015), ya ruwaito Kirk da Gallaghre (1989), suka ce, “Ilimi ne da ke samar da ayyuka na musamman waɗanda babu su a cikin tsarin ilimin bai-ɗaya wanda aka saba da shi yau-da-kullum domin biyan buƙatun keɓantattun yara”. Sannan ya sake ruwaito Schoreded da Uschold (1968), waɗanda suka bashi ma’ana ta, “Wani yanki ko sashe a cikin farfajiyar gamagarin ilimi wacce ke samar da kayan aikin da suka dace, kayayyaki na musamman, dabarun koyarwa na musamman da kuma malaman da suka samu horo na musamman domin kulawa da yaran da ake kallon su a matsayin naƙasassu”.

* Sai kuma Dakta Adekunle (2011), inda shi ma ya ruwaito Obani (2004), yana mai cewa, ilimi Musamman ilimi ne da ya damu da yaran da suke da matsananciyar tawaya ta fuskacin koyon karatu da kuma wasu buƙatu na musamman. Sannan kuma yana (shi ilimin) amfani da dabarun karantarwa na musamman da kuma kayayyakin karatu na musamman waɗanda ke magance matsaloli na musamman. Kundin ƙudurorin ilimi na ƙasar Najeriya (National Policy On Education), ya wassafa ilimin musamman a matsayin “Ilimin yara da manya masu tangarɗar koyon karatu saboda banbancin naƙasa kamar makafi, masu raunin gani, kurame, bebaye, masu matsalar hankali, masu matsalar cuɗanya, masu naƙasar zahirin jiki, da sauran dangoginsu waɗanda waɗannan matsaloli kan kange su daga koyon karatu a bisa tsarin aji-aji da kuma dabarun karantarwa na gamagari da aka saba da su”.

Kenan idan muka taƙaita, sai mu ce, ilimi na musamman wani sashe ne a cikin fannin ilimi, wanda ke kula da dukkanin abubuwan da suka shafi koyo da kuma koyar da yara masu keɓantattun buƙatu, kamar irin su horas da malamai na musamman dabarun karantarwa na musamman domin su zaƙulo yaran da ke da buƙatun musamman a fagen karantarwa tare kuma da samar da muhalli da kayan aikin da suka dace.

## Amfanin Ilimi na Musamman
Wannan fanni yana da matuƙar amfani a fagagen da suka haɗa da;

1. Bayar da horo ga masu naƙasa, abin da yake basu damar da suke ganin kansu a matsayin mutane masu dogaro da kansu, waɗanda za su iya bayar da gudunmawa wajen cigaban ƙasa.

2. Baiwa naƙasassu cikakkiyar goggaya da kuma samun sanuwa a cikin al’umma ko dai ta hanyar cuɗanya a makaranta, ko kuma a guraren cuɗanya da jama’a kamar irin su wasanni, tarurrukan siyasa da sauransu.

3. Yana taimakawa malaman makaranta da iyayen yara wajen fahimtar irin bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin yara da kuma biya musu buƙatu gwargwadon hali.

4. Rage adadin yara masu watsar da karatu su zauna a makaranta, su ci cikakkiyar moriyar manhajar da aka tsara musu.

5. Samar da guraben ayyukan yi ga ƙwararru a fannin, kamar aikin karantarwa da sauransu.

## Masu Amfanuwa da Ilimi na Musamman
# Makafi da masu raunin gani.
# Kurame da bebaye da masu matsalar ji.
# Masu matsalar magana.
# Masu matsalar hankali.
# Masu matsalar cuɗanya.
# Masu motsuwar ƙwaƙwalwa.
# Masu kaifin ƙwaƙwalwa.

## Manazarta