Syed Ahmad Khan

Sir Syed **Ahmad Taqvi bin Syed Muhammad Muttaqi**  KCSI (    ; An haife shi a ranar 17 ga watan Oktoban shekara ta alif 1817&nbsp;- ya mutu a ranar 27 ga watan Maris na shekara ta alif 1898), wanda aka sani a matsayin **Sir Syed Ahmad Khan** (kuma **Sayyid Ahmad Khan),** an Musulunci pragmatist,  Musulunci kawo canji,   Falsafa, da kuma educationist  a cikin karni na  sha tara a Birtaniya Indiya .   Kodayake da farko yana nuna hadin kan Hindu-Musulmai, ya zama farkon dan kishin kasa na Musulmai a Kasar  Indiya kuma ana yada shi a matsayin mahaifin Ka'idar Kasashe Biyu wanda ya kafa tushen harkar Pakistan .     Ahmad wanda aka haife shi cikin dangi mai tsananin bashi a kotun ta Mughal , ya karanci Alqur'ani da Kimiyya a cikin kotun. An ba shi lambar girmamawa ta LLD daga Jami'ar Edinburgh a cikin shekara ta  alif 1889.   

A cikin shekara ta alif 1838, Syed Ahmad ya shiga aikin Kamfanin  Indiya na Gabas kuma ya ci gaba da zama alƙali a  Kotun a shekara ta alif 1867, yana ritaya daga shekara ta alif 1876. A lokacin Tawayen Kasar Indiya na shekara ta alif 1857, ya kasance mai aminci ga Raj Raj na Burtaniya kuma an san shi saboda ayyukansa na ceton rayukan Turawa.  Bayan tawayen, ya rubuta ƙaramin littafin *Abin da ke Haddasa Mutumcin Indiya*&nbsp;- suka mai karfi, a lokacin, game da manufofin Burtaniya daban-daban da ya zarga da haddasa tawayen. Saboda imanin cewa tsananin rayuwar ɗabi'unsu na fuskantar barazana ga makomar musulmai, Sir Ahmad ya fara inganta ilimin  Yammacin Turai ta hanyar kafa makarantu da mujallu na zamani da kuma shirya 'yan kasuwar Islama.

A cikin shekara ta alif 1859, Syed ya kafa makarantar Gulshan a Muradabad, Makarantar Victoria a Ghazipur a shekara ta alif 1863, da kuma ƙungiyar kimiyya ga musulmai a shekara ta alif 1864. A cikin shekara ta  alif 1875, ya kafa kwalejin Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental, jami'ar musulmi ta farko a Kudancin Asiya.  A lokacin aikinsa, Syed ya yi kira ga Musulmai akai-akai da su yi hidimar Raj Raj tare da inganta daukar Urdu a matsayin *yaren* da duk musulmin Indiya ke yi . Syed ya soki Majalisar Dokokin Indiya . 

Syed yana da kyakkyawan gado a cikin Pakistan da tsakanin Musulman Indiya . Ya rinjayi sauran shugabannin musulmai da suka hada da Allama Iqbal da Muhammad Ali Jinnah . Da'awarsa ga al'adun Musulunci ( Muʿtazila ), kuma mafi girma, fassara fassarar Kur'ani don ya dace da kimiyya da zamani, yana ci gaba da tasiri ga sake fasalin Islama a duniya.  Yawancin jami'o'i da gine-ginen jama'a a Pakistan suna ɗaukar sunan Sir Syed. 

Jami'ar Musulmai ta Aligarh ta yi bikin cika shekaru 200 da haihuwar Sir Syed tare da ɗoki a ranar 17 ga watan Oktoban shekara ta 2017. Tsohon Shugaban Indiya Pranab Mukherjee shi ne babban bako.  

## Rayuwar farko

An haifi Syed Ahmad Taqvi 'Khan Bahadur' a ranar 17 ga watan  Oktoban shekara ta alif 1817 a Delhi, wanda shi ne babban birnin daular Mughal a lokacin mulkin Mughal Emperor Akbar II . Yawancin zuriyarsa da yawa sun kasance suna da alaƙa sosai da matsayin gudanarwa a Daular Mughal . Kakan mahaifiyarsa Khwaja Fariduddin ya kasance *Wazir* (lit. Minista) a kotun Emperor Akbar Shah II .  Kakan mahaifinsa Syed Hadi Jawwad bin Imaduddin ya riƙe *mansab* (lit. Janar ) - babban matsayi na gudanarwa da sunan girmamawa na "Mir Jawwad Ali Khan" a kotun Emperor Alamgir II . Mahaifin Sir Syed, Syed Muhammad Muttaqi,  kasance kusa da Sarki Akbar Shah II kuma ya kasance mai ba shi shawara. 

Koyaya, an haifi Syed Ahmad ne a lokacin da mahaifinsa ke fama da tawayen yanki tare da taimakon kamfanin East India, wanda ya maye gurbin ikon da mulkin Mughal ya saba da shi, wanda ya rage masarautarta zuwa mai kan gaba . Tare da babban wansa Syed Muhammad bin Muttaqi Khan, Sir Syed ya tashi a cikin wani babban gida a wani yanki mai arzikin birnin. An tashe su bisa ƙa'idodi masu kyau na Mughal kuma an fallasa su da siyasa. Mahaifiyarsu Aziz-un-Nisa ta taka rawar gani a rayuwar Sir Syed tun tana ƙuruciya, tana ɗaga shi da horo mai tsauri tare da mai da hankali kan ilimin zamani.  Sir Syed ce ta koyar da karatun Alkur'ani da fahimtarta daga wata mace mai koyar da ita, wacce ba ta saba a lokacin ba. Ya sami ilimin gargajiya ga masarautar musulmai a Delhi . A karkashin kulawar Lord Wellesley, Sir Syed ya sami horo a cikin yaren Farisanci, Larabci, Urdu da darussan addinan gargajiya.  Ya karanta ayyukan masana musulmai da marubuta kamar Sahabbai, Rumi da Ghalib . Wasu tutors umurci shi a ilmin lissafi, taurari da kuma Musulunci fikihu .   Sir Syed ya kuma kware a wasan ninkaya, kokawa da sauran wasanni. Ya taka rawa sosai a ayyukan al'adu na kotun Mughal. 

Babban wan Syed Ahmad ya kafa kamfanin buga takardu na farko a cikin yaren Urdu tare da mujallar *Sayyad-ul-Akbar* . Sir Syed ya bi karatun likitanci tsawon shekaru amma bai kammala karatun ba.  Har zuwa lokacin da mahaifinsa ya rasu a shekara ta alif 1838, Sir Syed ya kasance yana da al'adar rayuwa ga ƙwararren saurayi Musulmi mai daraja.  Bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa, ya gaji lakabin kakansa da mahaifinsa kuma sarki Bahadur Shah Zafar *ya ba shi mukamin Arif Jung* .  Matsalolin kuɗi sun kawo ƙarshen karatun Sir, kodayake ya ci gaba da karatu a keɓe, yana amfani da littattafai kan fannoni daban-daban.  Sir Syed ya zama editan jaridar dan uwansa kuma ya yi watsi da tayin aiki daga kotun Mughal. 

## Duba kuma

* Tafazzul Husain Kashmiri
* Jami'ar musulin ta Aligarh
* Harkar Aligarh
* Duk Taron Ilimin Muhammadan Indiya
* Ka'idar kasashe biyu
* Kishin kasa na Musulmi a Kudancin Asiya
* Duk Kungiyar Musulman Indiya
* Zamanin Musulunci

## Manazarta
 

## Hanyoyin haɗin waje

* Cikakken bayani game da Harkar Aligarh 
* "Sir Seyyed Ahmad, Khan Bahadur, LLD, KCSI" Na Afzal Usmani 
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* Arzikin Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (Labarin Gulf)
* Sir Syed Ahmed Khan Rayuwarsa da Gudummawar sa (NewAgeIslam)
* Majagaba na Kasa (Mai Nahi Manta)
* Jawabin Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan a Meerut, 16 Maris 1888