William Thomas Fairburn

**William Thomas Fairburn** (3 Satumba 1795 - 10 Janairun shekarar 1859) masassaƙi ne kuma mai wa'azi ko malamin Ikilisiya (CMS) a farkon kwanakin zaman Turai na New Zealand .

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haife shi a Ingila a shekara ta 1795, kuma ya auri Sarah Tuckwell a ranar 12 ga Afrilun shekarar 1819 a Cocin St Johns na Ingila, Parramatta, Sydney, NSW Australia .

## Ayyukan mishan a New Zealand
Shi da Sarah sun tashi a kan brig *Janar Gates* zuwa New Zealand a ranar 27 ga Yuli 1819, tare da Samuel Marsden a ziyararsa ta biyu zuwa New Zealand.

A cikin shekarar 1823, Marsden ya tashi a kan *Brampton* a ziyararsa ta huɗu, ya kawo tare da shi Henry Williams da matarsa Marianne da Richard Davis da William Fairburn, da iyalansu.

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1833 ya tafi tare da John Alexander Wilson, James Preece da John Morgan don kafa tashar mishan a Puriri a kan Kogin Waihou .  

A cikin 1835, Te Waharoa, shugaban Ngāti Hauā *iwi* (ƙabilar Māori) na yankin Matamata, ya jagoranci mayaƙansa a kan kabilun makwabta don rama mutuwar dangi, tare da fada, wanda ya ci gaba zuwa 1836, ya kai daga Rotorua zuwa Tauranga.  

Bayan an sace wani gida a aikin Rotorua, ba a dauki aikin Rotorua da aikin Matamata a matsayin masu aminci ba kuma an raka matan masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje zuwa Puriri da Tauranga. Fairburn da sauran mishaneri na CMS sun yi ƙoƙari su kawo zaman lafiya ga masu fafatawa.A ƙarshen Maris 1836, wata ƙungiya ta yaƙi karkashin jagorancin Te Waharoa ta isa Tauranga kuma iyalan mishaneri sun shiga *Columbine* a matsayin kariya ta tsaro a ranar 31 ga Maris.  

A cikin shekarar 1840 ya kasance a tashar mishan a Maraetai, kuma ya kasance a Puriri Mission a cikin 1842.  

## "Samun Fairburn"
Tsakanin 1836 da 1839 Fairburn ya fara motsawa don kafa tashar mishan a Maraetai yayin da yake ƙoƙarin siyan babban yanki na ƙasa daga wasu iwi na Auckland. An yi amfani da shi a matsayin "aikin zaman lafiya na Kirista" tsakanin kabilun da ke yaƙi a kan iyakar Auckland, Fairburn ya sami "sa hannu" ga aikin siye daga sama da 30 rangatira (shugabanni); kaɗan, idan wani daga cikinsu zai iya karantawa ko rubutu. Tare da yarjejeniyar Maori na gida a wani taro a Puneke a kan Kogin Tamaki a ranar  ga Janairun 1836, ya sayi duk yankin Bucklands Beach, Howick da Pakuranga na kadada 40,000 (160 ). Farashin da aka biya wa shugabannin gida 3 ya kasance bargo 10, gatari 24, hoes 26, spades 14, $ 80,    na taba, 24 cobs da 12 jirgin sama. Darajar kayan ta kasance kusan fam 907 da shillings 17 da pence 6. Hapu 3 da suka sayar da ƙasar sune Ngatitawaki, Urikaraka da Matekiwaho . Manyan shugabannin da suka sanya hannu kan sayarwa sune Herua, Te Waru, Hauauru da Te Tara. An sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Waitangi a Karaka Bay a kan Kogin Tamaki a gaban Big Bucklands Beach a cikin 1840 ta Capt Hobson da Ngati Paoa.Bayan yarjejeniyar sanya hannu kan sayen Fairburn gwamnati ta bincika, wanda ya yanke shawarar cewa Fairburn zai iya riƙe 1/7 na ƙasar, tare da sauran da gwamnati ke da'awar, wanda daga baya ya sayar da shi a cikin ƙananan tubalan.

Fairburn da farko ya kiyasta jimlar yankin ya ƙunshi kadada 40,000 (160 ), amma daga baya aka bincika shi kamar yadda yake kusa da 83,000. Lokacin da sayen ya zo karkashin bincike daga CMS, a cikin 1837 Fairburn ya sanya hannu kan takardar da ta yi alkawarin dawo da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na ƙasar ga mazauna asali (ma'amala da ba ta taɓa faruwa ba), kuma bai yi nasara ba don ba da wani kashi ɗaya bisa ga Ikilisiya. 

Bayan Yarjejeniyar Waitangi ta 1840 wacce ta kafa ikon mallakar Burtaniya a kan New Zealand, Fairburn ta kasance karkashin bincike daga sabuwar Hukumar Kula da Land ta gwamnati. Bayan bincike mai tsawo (a lokacin da Fairburn ya yi murabus daga aikin), a cikin 1848 Hukumar ta musanta da'awar Fairburn ta asali, ta ba shi a maimakon haka karamin tallafi na kasa da kadada 5,500 ( ).

Sauran ƙasar, gami da Ōtara, Crown ta riƙe su a matsayin "ƙasa mai yawa" don siyarwa ga mazauna Turai. Bayan zanga-zangar Hori Te Whetuki a madadin , a cikin 1854 Hukumar ta ba da "Native Reservation" na sama da kadada 6,000 (24 ) a Duders Beach (Umupuia) ga "shugabannin Ngatitai" kuma ta biya su £ 500 diyya, a kan yanayin cewa sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya don barin duk sauran ƙasashe a cikin iyakokin sayen asali, kuma su umarci duk sauran iwi su yi haka.

## Iyali
Fairburns suna da 'ya'ya biyar. 'Yarsu Elizabeth ta auri William Colenso. Ɗansu Edwin ya kasance sanannen mai binciken ƙasa. Sarah Fairburn ta mutu a watan Satumba na shekara ta 1843. Ya auri Elizabeth Newman, 'yar Joseph Newman na Willoughby, Lincolnshire. Mai siyarwa Joseph Newman ɗan'uwanta ne. Matarsa ta biyu ta mutu a lokacin haihuwa a watan Yunin 1847.

## Manazarta