Maria Engelbrecht Stokkenbech

**Maria Engelbrecht Stokkenbech**, ita ma **EM Stokkenbeck**, (1759–bayan 1806) yar ƙasar Denmark ce tela, marubuci kuma farkon mata wacce ta yi nasarar samun rayuwarta a matsayin matar aure ta hanyar canza kanta a matsayin namiji. Kimanin shekaru hudu a farkon shekarun 1780, ta yi tafiya a fadin Turai har zuwa Malaga tana aiki a matsayin tela. A lokacin da ta koma Copenhagen a 1784 ne kawai aka bayyana jinsinta na gaskiya. Duk da haka ta yi nasarar shawo kan sarki ya ba ta damar ci gaba da sana'arta kuma an ba ta izinin yin sana'ar dinki da daukar ma'aikaci. 

Ta ba da rahoton waɗannan abubuwan a cikin ɗan gajeren tarihin tarihin rayuwarta *Det i Mandfolksklæder vidt bereiste Fruentimmer, EM Stokkenbeck, som Skrædersvend, Gotfried Jacob Eichstedt, merkværdige Begivenheder paa hendes Reiser til Lands og Vands, Danmark, Holland, Tydsklen da Spaniya da Bonds. Ankomst har zuwa Kiobenhavn, hvor hendes Kjon blev robet.* *Yi la'akari da halin da ake ciki.*  

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife shi a Hamburg a shekara ta 1759, Maria Engelbrecht ita ce auta a cikin yara 10. Bayan mahaifinta ya rasu sa’ad da take ɗan shekara ɗaya, mahaifiyarta ta rene ta a tsibirin Ærø . Sa’ad da ta kai shekara 12, ta yi aiki a matsayin ma’aikaciyar abinci a wani gidan abinci a Kiel kafin ta ƙaura zuwa Copenhagen inda ta kasance kuyanga a gidan wani jirgin ruwa. Bayan ta yi jinya sai ta koma gidan wata mata wadda ta koya mata dinkin kayan mata. Wani mutum da yake aiki a gidan giya ya ganta yana gyara kayanta wata rana sai ya rarrashe ta ta aure shi. Auren bai yi nasara ba domin mijinta ya yi amfani da duk abin da ya samu wajen sha. Ta bar shi ta koma Kiel amma a matsayinta na matar aure ba ta sami aikin yi ba. Ta fahimci zai fi sauƙi a sami aikin namiji, sai ta sa tela ya ɗinka mata rigar namiji wanda zai dace da ita, ya ce masa na ɗan'uwanta ne. 

Sanye da rigar namiji, ta kira kanta Gotfried Jacob Eichstedt kuma ta sami aiki a matsayin mai koyan dinki. Dariya sauran ma'aikatan suka fara yi mata don ta iya dinka kayan mata kawai amma ta himmantu ta koyi dinkin wando da kwat da wando irin na sauran. Ta kasance tare da abokan aikinta maza a mashaya, shan taba, shan giya, wasan kati da fitsari kamar mutum tare da taimakon kaho. Ta wani lokaci ta yi aiki a Poland, sannan a Jamus. Samun aiki ba koyaushe yake da sauƙi ba kuma dole ne ta yi tafiya, tana ziyartar ƙasa ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Daga baya, ta sami aikin yin ɗinki a cikin jirgin ruwa da ya kai ta Malaga da ke kudancin Spain. [1]

A 1784, ta koma Copenhagen inda aka gane ta a matsayin mace da kuma kama. Bayan ta bayyana a kotu matsalolin da ta samu da mijinta, sai aka sake ta bisa sharadin ta sanya kayan mata. Daga baya ta nemi izinin Sarki Christian VII don buɗe kasuwancinta, inda ta bayyana cewa ta yi aiki cikin nasara na shekaru da yawa kuma tana iya yin sana'a da kuma na miji. Ya tausaya mata, ya kuma ba ta izinin samun sana’ar dinkin kayan da za ta rika yi da maza da kuma daukar ma’aikata. 

An fara buga littafinta a cikin Jamusanci a Copenhagen a cikin 1784.  An buga bugun Danish a Haderslev a cikin 1787 kuma, tare da ƙaramin bita, a cikin 1806. An buga kusan bugu iri ɗaya a Copenhagen a cikin 1806. Sai kawai bugu na 1806 ya ƙunshi cikakkun bayanai na izini da ta samu daga sarki. 

## Manazarta