Canjin yanayi a Pakistan

**[[Canjin yanayi]] a Pakistan** babban batu ne ga kasar. Pakistan tana da matukar damuwa ga canjin yanayi. Kamar yadda yake tare da sauyin yanayi a Kudancin Asiya gabaɗaya, yanayin Pakistan ya canza a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, tare da tasiri mai mahimmanci ga muhalli da mutane. Baya ga karuwar zafi, fari da matsanancin yanayi a wasu sassan kasar, narkewar kankara a cikin Himalayas ya shafi wasu muhimman koguna na Pakistan. Tsakanin 1999 da 2018, Pakistan ta kasance ta 5 a cikin ƙasashen da yanayin yanayi mai tsanani ya haifar da canjin yanayi.

Punjab, babbar lardin Pakistan, ta nuna jajircewa don magance kalubalen da suka shafi Canjin Yanayi a karkashin Shirin Ayyukan Canjin Yanayin da Shirin Canjin Yanayinta na Punjab. 

Pakistan tana fuskantar bala'o'i da yawa, gami da guguwa, ambaliyar ruwa, fari, ruwan sama mai tsanani, da girgizar ƙasa. Dangane da binciken kimiyya, canjin yanayi ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ambaliyar ruwa ta 2022, wanda ya yi tasiri kai tsaye ga mutane sama da miliyan 30 a Pakistan, wanda ya haifar da asarar rayuka, lalacewar ababen more rayuwa na jama'a, da kuma ƙaura daga gidaje. Canjin yanayi yana haifar da babbar barazana ga tattalin arzikin Pakistan da tsaro. 

## Rashin iskar gas

Gas din gas (GHG) na Pakistan bai kai kashi 1% na jimlar duniya ba, kuma fitar da GHG ga kowane mutum, a tan 2 a kowace shekara,  kasa da rabin matsakaicin duniya.  A cikin 2015 hayakin GHG ya kai tan miliyan 408 na CO<sub>2eq</sub>; wanda kashi 43% ya fito ne daga noma a Pakistan; da kuma kashi 46% daga makamashi a Pakistan, kamar ƙone man fetur don zafi, zuwa jigilar wutar lantarki, da samar da wutar lantarki.

GHG na noma galibi sune methane da nitrous oxide. Methane ya fito ne daga belching shanu, tumaki da awaki; kula da turare; da shinkafa noman shinkafa. Nitrous oxide yafi daga ƙasa ta noma ne saboda aikace-aikacen taki na roba, turare na gona, da kuma cakuda amfanin gona bayan konewa.

GHG na makamashi galibi carbon dioxide ne: a cikin 2019 burbushin gas, kwal da mai kowannensu ya fitar da kimanin tan miliyan 80. Sakib Sherani, tsohon mai ba da shawara kan tattalin arziki ga Firayim Minista na Pakistan, ya yi jayayya a cikin 2021 cewa matakan da suka fi tsananin hana gurɓataccen iska a Pakistan na iya haɗawa da ayyukan da za su iyakance hayakin GHG, kamar kara haraji akan man fetur. A cikin 2020 Firayim Minista Imran Khan ya ce ba za a ba da izini ga wasu tashoshin wutar lantarki a Pakistan ba. Koyaya ana sa ran za a gina tashoshin wutar lantarki na kwal wanda aka riga aka ba da izini.

Ya zuwa 2021, Pakistan ba ta ayyana burin shekara-shekara ba, duk da haka, ta yi alkawarin yanke kashi 50% na hasashen hayaki nan da shekara ta 2030. A cikin 2022 Firayim Minista Muhammad Shehbaz Sharif ya ce ya kamata a gina ƙarin hasken rana, iska da wutar lantarki don rage lissafin shigo da man fetur.

Rikicin tattalin arziki ya lalata haƙƙin tattalin arziki na mutane, yana hana su albarkatun da dama da ake bukata. Bugu da ƙari, tasirin canjin yanayi ya kara yawan zafin jiki, wanda ya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa mai ban tsoro wanda aka ruwaito cewa ya yi ikirarin cewa rayukan sama da 1,100 da miliyan 33 sun shafi. Kusan mutane 750,000 sun bar ba tare da samun damar samun gidaje masu aminci da isasshen gidaje ba, ilimi ko kayan aikin kiwon lafiya. Rashin jin daɗi na rashin adalci ya mamaye ƙasar kamar yadda Pakistan, duk da bayar da gudummawa ƙasa da 1% na iskar gas a duniya, ya sami kansa da rashin daidaituwa ga tasirin canjin yanayi saboda yanayin ƙasa. 

## Manazarta