Okada (motorcycle taxi)

**Okada,** (kuma **achaba**, going, **inaga**  ) motar haya ce ta babur da ake amfani da ita a Najeriya da sauran ƙasashen Afirka. 

Hakanan ana amfani da tasi na babur ko okada a wasu ƙasashen yammacin Afirka,  da suka haɗa da Togo ( *oléyia* ), Benin ( *zémidjans* ), Burkina Faso, Laberiya ( *phen-phen* ), Ghana  da Saliyo. 

## Asalin kalmar
Ana yi wa baburan kasuwanci lakabi da Okada Air (wanda a yanzu rusasshen jirgin saman Najeriya ne, wanda shi kansa sunan garin mahaifar mai shi, Cif Gabriel Igbinedion ) ne saboda za su iya tafiya cikin cunkoson jama’a a Legas da kuma daukar fasinjoji zuwa inda za su yi a kan kari, a cikin lokaci. kamar yadda kamfanin jirgin sama. Abin ban dariya na sunan wani kamfanin jirgin sama da ake amfani da shi ga masu tuka babura na kasuwanci, da kuma sanin Okada Air a cikin gida, ya sa laqabin *okada* ya wuce kamfanin jirgin da ya samo asali, wanda yawancin ‘yan Nijeriya ba sa tunawa. A cikin watan Janairu 2020, an ƙara kalmar "okada" zuwa sabuntawar ƙamus na Turanci na Oxford Janairu, tare da wasu kalmomin Najeriya 28 da ake amfani da su sosai. 

## Tarihi
Amfani da motocin haya da babura a Najeriya tun kafin gwamnatin Babangida: an san su a jihar Kuros Riba a shekarun 1970 yayin da Achaba ko babura suma suna can a sassan Yola.   da Jihar Gongola (a yanzu Jihar Adamawa ) a karshen shekarun 1970 kuma ta bazu zuwa Legas ta hanyar wasu gungun mutane a karamar hukumar Agege.   Okadas ta fara yaduwa a cikin 1980s kuma ta zama sananniya a ƙarshen 1980s bayan tabarbarewar tattalin arziki a Najeriya, wanda wani bangare ne sakamakon amincewa da tsarin tattalin arziki mai sassaucin ra'ayi ta hanyar tsarin daidaita tsarin hade da saurin haɓaka birane, rashin aikin yi. da rashin isassun jigilar jama'a a cikin birni.  Wasu fa'idodin amfani da motocin haya na babur don jigilar kasuwancin cikin birni shine cewa ana samun su cikin sauƙi.  Hakanan za su iya shiga cikin sauƙi ta ƴan ƴan tituna, ƙasƙantattu, da lunguna da lungu da saƙon da ke zirga-zirga a cikin birane, ta yadda za su iya biyan buƙatun sufuri na wasu mazauna birane. Matasan da ba su da aikin yi sun fara amfani da babura don samun kudi ta hanyar jigilar fasinjoji da sauri zuwa kofar gidansu, wani lokacin kuma a kan kunkuntar tituna ko kuma rashin kulawa.  Irin wannan nau'in sufuri da sauri ya zama sananne, kuma yarda da shi ya karu a hankali. Okadas yanzu suna ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin sufuri na farko a Najeriya, kuma sun zama tsarin sufuri mai arha kuma mai daidaitawa, wanda ya fi shahara na yau da kullun a ƙasar. Ko a cikin ƙauyuka masu nisa, suna zuwa lokaci-lokaci. Ya zama hanyar sufuri da mutane masu shekaru daban-daban, maza da mata suke amfani da su akai-akai. Abin takaici, karuwar amfani da okada yana tare da karuwar haɗarin tuki da hatsarori a kan hanyoyin Najeriya. A sakamakon haka, okadas sun fuskanci suka mai tsanani, wanda ya haifar da dokar da aka yi niyyar takurawa ko haramta ayyukansu a wasu garuruwan Najeriya, musamman Legas a shekara ta 2012. 

## Al'ummar Najeriya

Titin motocin haya da motocin bas a Najeriya ba su isa ba, kuma cunkoso da hanyoyin da ba a kula da su sun yadu. ‘Yan kasuwa da ma’aikatan gwamnati da dalibai na amfani da Okada a garuruwa irin su Legas don shawo kan cunkoson ababen hawa, kuma suna iya bin hanyoyin da ba sa shiga mota da bas, musamman a kauyuka da lungu da sako na birni. Babban abin da ke ba da gudummawar haɓakar okadas shine ƙarancin farashin da suke siyan masu amfani da shi, da kuma ingancin man da suke da shi, wanda ke da mahimmanci musamman a lokacin ƙarancin man fetur a Najeriya.

Farashin Okada yawanci ya fi na zirga-zirgar jama'a. An kwatanta hawan okada a matsayin "kwarewa ta musamman" daga masu yawon bude ido da masu amfani da gida. 

## Takaddun bayanai na direbobi da fasinjoji

Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 1993 a Yola, wani matsakaicin birni wanda kuma shi ne babban birnin jihar Adamawa arewa maso gabashin Najeriya, ya ba da ƙarin haske game da kasuwancin okada. Binciken ya nuna cewa kusan kashi 88% na direbobin okada suna tsakanin shekaru 18 zuwa 30, kuma kashi 47% ne kawai suka sami ilimin boko. Binciken ya kuma fitar da bayanai daga fasinjoji 106. Abokan ciniki gabaɗaya maza ne (65%); matasa ne masu shekaru 18 zuwa 30 (57%); sun  kammala aƙalla makarantar sakandare (83%); ba su da aikin yi amma a kasuwar aiki (59%); kuma yana da ƙananan kuɗi zuwa matsakaici (45%). Sun daraja okadas musamman saboda suna da sauri kuma suna samuwa. Dalilan da abokan ciniki ba sa son su shine sun ɗauka cewa ba su da aminci (wannan ya bayyana ta 67% na masu amsa) kuma masu tsada (kashi 43% na masu amsa sun bayyana). Binciken kwastomomin okada a Akure ya kuma nuna damuwar abokin ciniki game da tsaro - 61% sun ji cewa masu yin tukin sun yi sauri kuma kashi 31% sun ce sun yi tukin ganganci.  Hagu tare da ƴan zaɓuɓɓukan sufuri, duk da haka, mutane da yawa suna ci gaba da tallafawa okadas duk da sanin manyan haɗarin da ke tattare da hakan. 

## A cikin adabi
A cikin littafinta na balaguro, *Looking for Transwonderland,* marubuci Noo Saro-Wiwa yana amfani da sufuri akai-akai kuma yana jin daɗin ƙungiyar rikice-rikice. 

## Duba kuma

* Boda-boda
* Babur taxi
* Motar tankar Okogbe ta fashe

## Manazarta

## Kara karantawa

* Solagberu et al., 2006, Raunin babura a cikin ƙasa mai tasowa da raunin mahaya, fasinjoji, da masu tafiya a ƙasa, Jaridar Rigakafin Rauni.
* Daan Beekers, 2008, Hadin gwiwar Babura: tsaro, haɗin kai da kuma ra'ayi a tsakanin mahayan okada, babi na 4 na 'Yaran "Gidan Fallen": Rayuwa da Rayuwar Matasa a Najeriya. MPhil Thesis. Oxford. http://sites.google.com/site/daanbeekers/m-phil-thesis-children-of-a-fallen-house 
* Wasiƙar WHO game da amincin hanya, 2004, Tsaron Hanya Ba Haɗari ba ne.
* Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Burtaniya, 2004, Nazari Mai zurfi na Hatsarin Babura.
* Hukumar Kula da Kare Motoci ta Ƙasar Amurka, 2001, Hadarin Mota Guda Guda Mai Mutuwa.
* Sabis ɗin Bayanan Fasaha na Ƙasar Amurka, 1981, Abubuwan Haɗarin Haɗarin Babura da Gane Ma'auni ( Rahoton Cutar ).