Ivana Markova

**Ivana Marková** FBA (2 ga watan Oktoba 1938 - 1 ga watan Disamba 2024) ta kasance masanin ilimin halayyar jama'a na Burtaniya da aka haifa a Czech da aka sani da aikinta a kan harshe da kuma  sadarwa. Markova ta mutu a ranar 1 ga Disamba 2024, tana da shekaru 86. 

## Ilimi da Ayyukan Ilimi
An haife ta ne a Czechoslovakia kuma ta yi karatun falsafa da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a Jami'ar Charles da ke Prague . A shekarar 1967 ta koma Ingila.
Da farko ta yi aiki a matsayin mai bincike a Sashin Binciken Horar da Masana'antu, Jami'ar London (1968-70) kafin ta koma Jami'ar Stirling, daga inda ta yi ritaya a shekaran 2003 a matsayin farfesa mai daraja. Daga nan sai ta ɗauki matsayin farfesa mai ziyara a Sashen Kimiyya da Halin Halitta da Bincike Associate a Cibiyar Falsafa ta Halitta le Kimiyya ta Jama'a a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London.  Ta kuma kasance Babban memba na Kwalejin Wolfson, Cambridge. .

Ta yi aiki a kwamitoci daban-daban na kasa da na kasa, misali ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Binciken Kula da Lafiya na Babban Masanin Kimiyya, Sashen Gida da Lafiya ta Scotland, shugaban Sashen Psychology na British Psychological Society, Shugaban Sashen J (Psychology) na Ƙungiyar Burtaniya don Ci gaban Kimiyya, memba na Kwamishinan Kimiyya na Academia Istropolitana, sabon Cibiyar Nazarin Ci gaba a Tsakiyar Turai, Bratislava, Slovakia.

## Bincike
Babban sha'awar bincikenta na ka'idoji shine ontology da epistemology na ka'idar a cikin ilimin halayyar jama'a, da kuma dogaro da juna tsakanin tunanin zamantakewa, tattaunawa da semiotics. Binciken da aka yi ya shafi wakilcin zamantakewa na dimokuradiyya, son kai da alhakin a cikin Turai bayan kwaminisanci da kuma nazarin tattaunawa tsakanin mutanen da ke da nakasa da abokan hulɗarsu. A cikin shekarun 1990s ta kara sha'awar haɓaka hanyar tattaunawa ga nazarin wakilcin zamantakewa.

## Kyaututtuka

* 2019: Dokta na girmamawa: Jami'ar Neuchâtel.
* 1994: Dokta na girmamawa: Jami'ar Linköping 
* 1999 - Fellow na Kwalejin Burtaniya 
* 1997 - Fellow na Royal Society na Edinburgh 
* Fellow na British Psychological SocietyƘungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Ita ce mahaifiyar Farfesa Ivana S. Marková, fitacciyar likitan kwakwalwa a cikin haƙƙinta.

## Mutuwa
Ivana Marková ta mutu a ranar 1 ga watan Disamban shekarar 2024 kuma Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London ce ta tuna da ita inda ta yi aiki a matsayin Farfesa mai ziyara.

## Littattafai

* *Yin Ka'idar Tattaunawa: Wakilan Jama'a da Sadarwa*. Cambridge: Jami'ar Cambridge Press, 2023.
* *Tunanin Tattaunawa: Halin Halitta da Da'a.* Cambridge: Jami'ar Cambridge Press, 2016.
* *Amincewa da rashin amincewa: Ra'ayoyin zamantakewa da al'adu* (an shirya shi tare da A. Gillespie). [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga littafin nan.
* Tattaunawa a cikin ƙungiyoyin mayar da hankali: bincika ilimin da aka raba a cikin al'umma (tare da P. Linell & M. Grossen). [Hotuna a shafi na 9]
* *Yin ilimin zamantakewar zamani: Labarin da aka ɓoye na yadda aka halicci kimiyyar zamantakewa ta duniya* (tare da Serge Moscovici). Cambridge da Oxford: Polity Press, 2006.
* *Amincewa da sauye-sauyen dimokuradiyya a cikin Turai bayan kwaminisanci* (an shirya shi). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
* *Tattaunawa da Wakilan Jama'a*. Cambridge: Jami'ar Cambridge Press, 2003.
* Wakilan kiwon lafiya, rashin lafiya da nakasa (an shirya shi tare da R. Farr). Amsterdam: Harwood Academic, 1995.
* Mutualities in dialogue (an shirya shi tare da C.F. Graumann & K. Foppa}. Cambridge: Jami'ar Cambridge Press, 1995.
* Asymmetries in dialogue (an shirya shi tare da K. Foppa}. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1991.
* Dynamics of dialogue (an shirya shi tare da K. Foppa). [Hotuna a shafi na 9]
* Hanyar tunani, tunani da harshe. London: Wiley, 1982.
* *Yanayin zamantakewar harshe* (an shirya shi). [Hasiya].

## Manazarta