Bience Gawanas

**Bience Philomina Gawanas** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1956) lauya ce ta Namibiya. An nada ta a watan Janairun shekara ta,  2018 a matsayin mai ba da shawara ta musamman kan Afirka ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin kwamishiniyar harkokin jin dadin jama'a a Majalisar shugabannin kasashen Afirka da gwamnatoci, daga shekara ta, 2002 zuwa 2012. Ta kasance kwamishina a hukumar kula da ayyukan gwamnati Namibiya daga shekara ta, 1991 zuwa 1996, kuma ‘yar Ombudswoman a gwamnatin Namibiya daga shekara ta, 1996 zuwa 2003. Ta kuma kasance malami a fannin shari’ar jinsi a jami’ar Namibia, Darakta a hukumar babban bankin kasar Namibiya, kuma ta shiga cikin da yawa wadanda ba. ƙungiyoyin gwamnati da suka haɗa da Sakatare-Janar na Ƙungiyar Mata ta ƙasar Namibiya kuma majiɓincin Ƙungiyar Nakasassu ta Namibiya. A matsayinta na shugabar hukumar gyara dokoki ta sa ido kan yadda aka zartar da dokar daidaiton ma'aurata. Hukumar ta kuma yi ayyuka da yawa a kan Ayyukan Fyade da wasu muhimman dokoki da aka zartar bayan zamaninta.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi

Bience diyar Philemon Gawanab da Hilde Rheiss. Ta halarci makarantar sakandare a St Theresa Catholic school a Tses, ǁKaras Region, kudancin Namibiya. Daga Tses ta tafi Jami'ar Western Cape (UWC) da ke Cape Town, Afirka ta Kudu, don yin karatun lauya; Masu tallafa wa Katolika sun taimaka mata wajen tsayayya da matsin lamba na jami'an wariyar launin fata don canza sana'a daga doka zuwa aikin jinya. An kore ta daga UWC bayan tawayen Soweto a Shekara ta, 1976.

Bayan an kore ta ta zama mamba mai ƙwazo a ƙungiyar matasa ta SWAPO a Namibiya kuma malama. Ta tafi gudun hijira ta zauna a Zambia, Angola da Cuba. A cikin shekara ta, 1981 Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya ta dauki nauyinta a matsayin mai horarwa a hedkwatarsu sannan daga baya kan nazarin dokar aiki. Bayan haka Africa Educational Trust ta dauki nauyin karatun ta ta hanyar digiri na shari'a a Jami'ar Warwick, UK. Ta sauke karatu a shekara ta, 1987 kuma ta cancanci zama lauya a Lincoln's Inn, London a shekara ta, 1988.

Afirka ta Kudu ta mamaye Namibiya ba bisa ka'ida ba har zuwa shekara ta, 1990. “Lokacin da na yanke shawarar karantar ilimin shari’a, wani jami’in leken asirin makarantar farar fata ya gaya min cewa a lokacin da nake yaro bakar fata hankalina bai kai na farar fata ba, kuma watakila dokar ba ta yi nisa ba,” in ji ta ga wata mai hira. "Yau ni lauya ne kuma na tabbatar da cewa hankali ba shi da alaka da launin mutum."

Sha'awar Gawanas na neman shari'a ta samo asali ne bayan da babban dan uwanta Jeka da turawa suka dauke shi suka yi masa dukan tsiya har ya mutu a lokacin da yake tuki, kuma 'yan sanda sun yanke shawarar cewa "hadarin hanya ce". Horon da ta yi na aiki ya haɗa da aiki tare da Lord Tony Gifford kan shari'o'in kare hakkin bil'adama kamar "Birmingham six" da ake zargi da tayar da bama-bamai da aka wanke daga baya. A tsawon zaman gudun hijirar, Gawanas ta ci gaba da fafutukar ganin Namibiya ta sami 'yanci daga mulkin Afirka ta Kudu.

A cikin shekara ta, 1988 ta tafi Zambia don ziyartar 'yarta kuma SWAPO ta tsare ta. Tsawon lokaci mai tsawo kungiyar ta tsare dubban 'yan Namibiya a matsayin wani bangare na "tsoron leken asiri". Ba a taba tabbatar da wadannan zarge-zargen ba duk da cewa an shafe watanni ana tsare da kuma azabtarwa. Daga baya Gawanas ta zama ɗaya daga cikin ƴan ƙasar Namibiya na farko da suka dawo da ransu daga “riƙuri” da ke Lubango, a Kudancin Angola, a shekara ta 1989, wasu watanni kafin a saki wasu da dama da suka tsira. A watan Yulin shekara ta, 1989, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta mayar da ita da 'yarta gida kuma sun koma ƙasar Namibiya.

## Aiki
Aikinta na farko da ta dawo Namibiya daga gudun hijira ita ce mai ba da shawara Anton Lubowski, wanda ya ƙare lokacin da jami'an wariyar launin fata suka kashe Lubowski a kofar gidansa a wani yunƙuri da bai yi nasara ba na tada zaune tsaye a zaɓen da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ke kula da shi a 1989. Daga nan ta yi aiki a matsayin Cibiyar Taimakon Shari'a ta Ban sha'awa har zuwa 1991 lokacin da Majalisar ta nada ta a Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Namibiya. Ayyukanta a wurin sun haɗa da sake daidaita ma'aikatan gwamnati na Namibia. Shugaba Sam Nujoma ta nada jami'in kula da harkokin shari'a bisa shawarar hukumar kula da harkokin shari'a a shekarar 1996, kuma ta yi aiki a can, inda ta yi bincike da kuma warware korafe-korafen rashin adalci a dukkan matakai, har zuwa shekarar 2003. Ta kuma rike mukamin Sakatariyar zartarwa ta kungiyar masu shigar da kara ta Afirka.

A cikin watan Yulin 2003 shugabannin kasashen Afirka ne suka zabi Gawanas a matsayin kwamishinan harkokin jin dadin jama'a na hukumar Tarayyar Afirka da ke birnin Addis Ababa na kasar Habasha. Ta dade tana neman kara martabar batutuwan da suka shafi ci gaban al'umma a ajandar nahiyar. An zabe ta a wa’adi biyu, a shekarar 2003 da 2008, sannan bayan ta kammala wa’adinta na biyu a watan Oktoban 2012, ta koma Namibiya inda ta zama mai ba da shawara ta musamman ga Ministan Lafiya da Ayyukan Jama’a.

A watan Janairun 2018 ne Sakatare-Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya António Guterres ya nada Gawanas mai ba da shawara na musamman kan Afirka ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Tana hidima a matakin mataimakiyar Sakatare-Janar.

A cikin Mayu 2020, an zaɓi Gawanas don yin aiki a Kwamitin Amintattu na farko na Ƙungiyar Kula da Iyaye ta Duniya (IPPF) bayan sake fasalin mulkinsu.

## Manazarta