Tsarin kula da rayuwa

**tsarin tallafin rayuwa na muhalli** mai sarrafawa (ko **rufe**) tsarin tallafin rayuwa ne mai tallafawa kai tsaye don tashoshin sararin samaniya da yankuna yawanci ta hanyar sarrafa tsarin muhalli na rufewa, kamar BioHome, BIOS-3, Biosphere 2, Mars Desert Research Station, da Yuegong-1.

## Tunanin asali
CELSS ta fara ne daga Tarayyar Soviet a lokacin shahararren "Space Race" a cikin 1950s-60. Konstantin Tsiolkovsky ne ya samo asali kuma V.I. Vernadsky ne ya cigaba dashi, farkon shiga cikin wannan kimiyya shine amfani da rufewa, tsarin halittu marasa matuka, yana fadada cikin cibiyar bincike da aka sani da BIOS-3.

Sa'an nan a cikin 1965, gwaje-gwaje masu aiki sun fara a cikin BIOS-3.

## Dalilin da yasa akayi amfani dashi
Kasancewar mutum a sararin samaniya, har zuwa yanzu, an iyakance shi ga tsarinmu na Duniya-Wata. Har ila yau, duk abinda 'Yan saman jannati zasu buƙaci a hanyar rayuwa (iska, ruwa, da abinci) an kawo su tare dasu. Wannan na iya zama tattalin arziki ga gajeren aikin sararin samaniya, amma ba shine mafita mafi inganci ba yayin da yake hulɗa da tsarin tallafin rayuwa na jirgin ruwa na dogon lokaci (kamar Jirgin ƙarni) ko sulhu.

Manufar CELSS itace ƙirƙirar yanayin sabuntawa wanda zai iya tallafawa da kiyaye rayuwar ɗan adam ta hanyar aikin noma.

## Abubuwan dake cikin CELSS

### Sabunta iska
A cikin mahalli wadanda ba na CELSS ba, sake cika iska da sarrafa CO2 yawanci sun ƙunshi tankunan iska da aka adana da Masu tsabtace CO. Rashin amfani da wannan hanyar ya ta'allaka ne a gaskiyar cewa a lokacin da aka ragu tankuna dole ne a sake cika su; masu tsaftacewa zasu buƙaci maye gurbin su bayan sun zama marasa tasiri.

Har ila yau, akwai batun sarrafa hayaki mai guba, wanda ya fito ne daga kayan roba da akayi amfani dasu wajen gina wuraren zama. Sabili da haka, batun yadda ake kiyaye ingancin iska yana buƙatar kulawa; a cikin gwaje-gwaje, an gano cewa tsire-tsire sun cire mahadi masu saurin jiki da aka fitar dasu ta hanyar kayan roba da akayi amfani dasu har zuwa yanzu don gina da kula da duk wuraren zama na mutum.

In CELSS, air is initially supplied by external supply, but is maintained by the use of foliage plants, which create oxygen in photosynthesis (aided by the waste-byproduct of human respiration, ). Eventually, the main goal of a CELSS environment is to have foliage plants take over the complete and total production of oxygen needs; this would make the system a *closed*, instead of *controlled*, system.

### Samar da abinci / kayan amfani
Kamar yadda yake tare da duk tafiye-tafiye na yanzu zuwa sararin samaniya, dole ne ma'aikata su adana duk kayan da suke buƙata kafin ƙaddamarwa. Yawanci, ana bushe kayan abinci masu wuya don a rage nauyin aikin.

Tabbas, a cikin tsarin halittu mai dorewa, za'a ware wani wuri don amfanin gona su girma, suna badw damar shuka abinci da nomawa. Yayin da mutane suka fi girma, za'a shuka amfanin gona da yawa.

Game da ruwa, gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa za'a samo shi daga condensate a cikin iska (samfurin iska da tururi), da kuma yawan danshi daga tsire-tsire. Dole ne a tace shi ta wasu hanyoyi, kodai ta hanyar halitta ko ta inji.

### Maganin ruwa mai guba
Jirgin sararin samaniya na farko yana da matafiya kodai suna fitar da shararsu cikin sararin samaniya ko adana shi don tafiya ta dawowa.

CELSS ta yi nazarin hanyoyin da za'a iya rushe sharar mutum kuma, idan ya yiwu, haɗa samfuran da aka sarrafa a cikin muhalli. Misali, an sarrafa fitsari a cikin ruwa, wanda yake da aminci don amfani a cikin bayan gida da shuke-shuke masu ban ruwa.

Maganin ruwa mai guba yana amfani da tsire-tsire, musamman na ruwa, don sarrafa ruwa mai guga. An nuna cewa yawan sharar gida ana kula dashi ta hanyar Tsire-tsire na ruwa (ko, musamman, tsarin tushen su), mafi girma tsire-shuke na ruwa suna girma.

A cikin gwaje-gwaje, kamar waɗanda akayi a cikin BioHome, tsire-tsire sun kuma yi amfani da man fetur a matsayin matsakaici na girma don amfanin gona.

## An rufe shi da kuma sarrafa shi
Tsarin rufewa gaba ɗaya yana dogara da kansa, sake amfani da komai har abada ba tare da hulɗar waje ba. Rayuwar irin wannan tsarin tana da iyaka, kamar yadda entropy na tsarin rufe zai iya karuwa tare da lokaci. Amma idan an bada izinin tsarin rufewa don karɓar ƙarfin zafin jiki mai haske daga tushen waje (misali, hasken rana) da kuma ƙin ƙarancin zafin jiki zuwa sararin samaniya mai zurfi, zai iya ci gaba har abada. Misali na irin wannan tsarin shine Duniya kanta.

Tsarin sarrafawa, ya bambanta, ya dogara da wasu hulɗar waje kamar kiyayewa na lokaci-lokaci. Misali na irin wannan tsarin shine ISS.

## Shahararrun ayyukan CELSS

* Gidajen Rayuwa
* Biosphere 2
* BIOS-3
* Biosphere J 
* Cibiyar Binciken Tsarin Muhalli 
* Biotron (disambiguation) 
* Cibiyar Binciken Canjin Yanayi ta Biotron
* ALS-NSCORT - Cibiyar Taimako ta Rayuwa - Cibiyar Nazarin NASA ta Musamman

## Sauran nau'ikan tsarin muhalli na sake farfadowa

* Tsarin tallafin rayuwa na Bioregenerative (ƙaddamarwa: BLSS) 
* Tsarin Kula da Muhalli da Taimako na Rayuwa (ƙaddamarwa ECLSS) 
* Injiniya rufe / sarrafa EcoSystem (ƙaddamarwa ECCES) 
* Spome

## Dubi kuma

* Tsarin tallafin rayuwa
* Tsarin muhalli da aka rufe
* Archaeology

## Manazarta

* 
* 
* 
* 
*