Jeannette Brown

**Jeannette Elizabeth Brown** (an haife ta a ranar 13 ga Mayu, 1934  ) tsohuwar masaniyar kimiyyar sinadarai ce ta Amurka, kuma marubuciya, kuma mai ritaya.

## Rayuwa da ilimi
An haifi Brown a shekarar 1934 a The Bronx, New York . A cewar Brown, lokacin da take ƙarama, ta kamu da cutar tarin fuka, kuma Arthur Logan ya yi mata magani. Logan matashi ne ɗan Afirka-Amurka a shekarar da ya fara aikin koyarwa, kuma yana zaune a ginin Brown. Abin da ya jawo hankalin Brown daga baya shi ne tambayar Logan yadda mutum zai iya zama likita. Ya amsa, "Kai, kana karatun kimiyya".  Brown ya yi fice musamman a fannin sinadarai, inda ya samu maki 98 cikin 100 a jarrabawar sinadarai ta Jihar New York .  Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta New Dorp da ke Tsibirin Staten, kuma ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1952.   Brown ta sami digirinta na farko a fannin sinadarai a Kwalejin Hunter a shekarar 1956, ɗaya daga cikin Ba’amurke Ba’amurke Ba’amurke biyu a ajin farko na shirin sinadarai na Hunter.  A shekarar 1958, ta zama mace Ba’amurke Ba’amurke ta farko da ta sami digiri na biyu daga Jami’ar Minnesota a fannin sinadarai na halitta.  Takardar digirin digirin ta ta biyu mai taken "Nazarin Tsarin Rini da Ylide a cikin Gishirin Fluorene 9-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)."

## Binciken sinadarai
Bayan ta sami digirin digiri na biyu, Brown ta fara aiki a matsayin mai bincike kan sinadarai a Kamfanin Magunguna na CIBA, inda ta shiga cikin shirye-shiryen bincike don haɓaka magunguna da ke mai da hankali kan tarin fuka da coccidiosis . Ta koma Merck a shekarar 1969, inda ta rubuta littattafai 15 tare, ta sami takardar izinin mallaka ɗaya kuma ta ba da gudummawa ga wasu biyar. Aikin Brown ya mayar da hankali kan haɗa sabbin sinadarai na magani. Ta yi aiki don haɓaka sinadarin cilastatin sodium. Cilastatin yana hana renal dehydropeptidase. Tunda maganin rigakafi, imipenem, yana ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan maganin rigakafi wanda dehydropeptidase ke samar da hydrolyzes, ana amfani da cilastatin tare da imipenem don hana metabolism.  Wannan haɗin yana ƙirƙirar maganin rigakafi Primaxin (imipenem/cilastatin), wanda ake amfani da shi don magance cututtukan ciki masu tsanani, da kuma cututtukan da ƙwayoyin cuta masu cin nama da wasu nau'ikan ciwon huhu ke haifarwa.

Domin samun nasara a masana'antu, ta yi imanin cewa zama mai sadarwa mai inganci, aiki tare da ƙungiya, da kuma samun ingantaccen ilimin kimiyya a fannin da ke canzawa koyaushe suna da mahimmanci.

## Sadar da sako
Brown ta shafe shekaru 36 tana bincike kafin ta koma ga ilimi. Daga 1993 zuwa 2002 ta kasance farfesa mai ziyara a Cibiyar Fasaha ta New Jersey,   inda ta kuma taimaka wajen daukar daliban bakar fata don shiga fannonin STEM kuma ta yi aiki kan batutuwan ilimin kimiyya a jihar. A nan ne ta kuma koyar da malaman kimiyyar sinadarai na makarantar sakandare da sakandare. Ta sami tallafin karatu daga Gidauniyar Camille da Henry Dreyfus, wanda ta sanya a gaba wajen koyar da malaman kimiyyar sinadarai. Brown ta kuma sadaukar da himma sosai ga ayyukan bambancin ra'ayi da kuma wayar da kan jama'a; ta yi aiki a Kwamitin Gidauniyar Kimiyya ta Kasa kan Damar Daidaito ga 'Yan tsiraru da Nakasassu kuma ita ce masanin tarihi na Kwamitin Masana Kimiyya na Mata na Ƙungiyar Sinadarai ta Amurka .  Har zuwa yau, Brown ta ci gaba da ba da jagoranci ga ɗaliban makarantar sakandare da sakandare ta hanyar Kyautar Freddie da Ada Brown. Ta kafa wannan kyautar a shekarar 2010 don girmama iyayenta.

## Aiki a matsayin masanin tarihi
A matsayinta na masaniyar tarihi a fannin kimiyya, Brown ta bayar da gudummawar bayanai bakwai game da tarihin rayuwar masana kimiyyar sinadarai na Afirka ta Amurka ga Aikin Tarihin Rayuwar Bakar Fatar Amurka, wanda ya haɗa da mata 'yan Afirka ta Amurka na farko da suka sami digirin digirgir a fannin sinadarai da injiniyan sinadarai.  Ita ce mawallafin littafin 2011 na *Masana Kimiyyar Mata 'Yan Afirka ta Amurka*, wanda ya yi bayani game da matan Afirka ta Amurka na farko a fannin sinadarai.  Littafinta na biyu, *Masana Kimiyyar Mata 'Yan Afirka ta Amurka a Zamanin Zamani*, ya mayar da hankali kan matan zamani waɗanda suka amfana da Dokar 'Yancin Bil'adama kuma yanzu suna aiki a matsayin masana kimiyyar sinadarai ko injiniyoyin sinadarai.

## ambato
A wata hira da ta yi da Jami'ar Minnesota, Brown ta shawarci matasan mata da ke shiga fannin kimiyya da su ci gaba duk da matsalolin da za su iya tasowa. "Kawai sai ka ci gaba," in ji ta. "Ba za ka iya tsayawa ba. Idan ka tsaya, ba za ka samu abin da kake so ba." 

"Ka je kai tsaye don samun digirin digirgir. Kada ka tsaya a digirin digirgir na biyu," in ji ta. "Idan kai digirin digirgir ne, to kai ne shugaba." 

"Ina ganin yin aiki tukuru da koyon sabbin abubuwa yana sa ka zama matashi." 

## Littattafai

* ''Mata 'Yan Afirka-Amurka Masu Kimiyyar Sinadarai a Zamanin Zamani'' (2018)
* *[https://global.oup.com/academic/product/african-american-women-chemists-9780199742882?cc=us&lang=en& Mata 'Yan Afirka-Amurka Masu Kimiyyar Sinadarai] (2011)*

## Lambobin yabo da girmamawa

* 1991, an zaɓe shi zuwa Zauren Shahararrun Kwaleji na Hunter 
* 2004, Société de Chimie Industrielle Fellow of the Chemical Heritage Foundation (Sashin Amurka) 
* 2005, wanda ya karɓi kyautar Nasara Mai Kyau , Jami'ar Minnesota
* 2005, Kyauta ta Ƙasa don ƙarfafa ɗalibai marasa galihu su shiga ayyukan yi a fannin kimiyyar sinadarai, wanda aka karɓa daga ƙungiyar American Chemical Society 
* 2007, Ƙungiyar Mata a Kimiyya 
* 2009, Glenn E. & Barbara Hodson Ullyot Scholar na Gidauniyar Gadon Sinadarai 
* 2009, memba na Ƙungiyar Sinadarai ta Amurka a Sashen Hulɗa da Ƙwararru 
* 2020, Kyautar Henry Hill, Ƙungiyar Sinadaran Amurka 

## Manazarta sun