open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Cibiyar Binciken Yanayi ta Bjerknes

**Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayi ta Bjerknes,** cibiyar binciken yanayi ce a Bergen, Norway. Cibiyoyin mahimman wuraren bincike, shine bambancin yanayi acikin tsarin duniya da canjin yanayi na mutum. Cibiyar ta haɗu da abubuwan lura tare da nazari na ƙa'idar da ƙirar yanayi na baya, na yanzu da nagaba. Dukkanin yankuna na Duniya da na Polar ana nazarin su.

## Tarihi
An fara cibiyar ne acikin 2000 kuma haɗin gwiwa ne tsakanin Jami'ar Bergen, Cibiyar Nazarin Ruwa,Cibiyar Nazarin Muhalli da Na nesa ta Nansen da NORCE (tsohuwar Uni Research).Cibiyar ta kasance wani ɓangare na Cibiyar Nazarin Cibiyar Nazarin Norway daga 2003 zuwa 2013. Eystein Jansen ya jagoranci cibiyar daga 2000 zuwa 2013, bayan haka Tore Furevik ya kasance darekta.

Masu bincike daga Cibiyar Bjerknes sun shiga cikin rahoton kima na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi; Eystein Jansen a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan marubuta a cikin rahoton na hudu. Asgeir Sorteberg a cikin Rahoton Musamman game da kula da kasada na matsananciyar al'amura da bala'o'i don cigaba da dai-daita canjin yanayi (SREX). Eystein Jansen, Peter Thorne da Christoph Heinze sun kasance masu jagorancin marubuta da editan bita acikin Ƙungiyar Ayyuka ta IPCC 1, don Rahoton Ƙimar Ƙimar IPCC na Biyar.

Sunan ta ne bayan Vilhelm Bjerknes da ɗansa Jacob Bjerknes, waɗanda sukayi yawa don gano yanayin zamani na hasashen yanayi

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Gidan yanar gizon hukuma
Boardman Hill Solar Farm

**Farmman Hill Solar Farm (BHSF)** aikin gona ne mai nauyin 150kW AC na aikin gona na hasken rana. Farm shine tsararrun hasken rana na farko na al'umma acikin Vermont wanda ya cika manufar "Vermont Grown, Vermont Green" : cikakken ikon mallakar memba, sarrafa dimokiradiyya na ayyukan cigaba, da kuma ja da baya na RECs da gonar hasken rana ta samar. Tana kan gonar Boardman Hill a West Rutland, Vermont.

Acikin 2015 BHSF an bada lambar yabo ta Vermont Energy and Climate Action Network Best Project na 2015  Ya karɓi lambar yabo ta Gwamnan Vermont na Inganta Muhalli a 2016.

## Duba kuma
Tsarin tsibiran Burtaniya na 2021

**Guguwar zafi ta Biritaniya da Ireland ta 2021** wani lokaci ne na yanayi mai zafi da ba a saba gani ba, a watan Yulin 2021 wanda ya haifar da rikodin yanayin zafi a Burtaniya da Ireland.

A ranar 19 ga Yuli, Ofishin Met ya ba da gargaɗin zafi na farko ga sassan Burtaniya. Zazzabi yayi tashin gwauron zaɓi a faɗin Burtaniya a karshen mako wanda yaga dukkan kasashe hudu sunyi rikodin rana mafi zafi a shekara. A ranar 17 ga Yuli, yanayin zafi yakai  acikin County Down, Ireland ta Arewa. A ranar 18 ga Yuli, yanayin zafi ya kai  a filin jirgin sama na Heathrow, London da  in Cardiff, Wales.

A Jamhuriyar Ireland, Met Éireann ya bada gargadin yanayin zafi na farko na Orange don gundumomi shida a ranar 20 ga Yuli, bayan yanayin zafi yakai  a Athens, County Galway ranar 17 ga Yuli.

A ranar 21 ga Yuli, yanayin zafi ya kai  a Heathrow, London. A Ireland, yanayin zafi ya kai  a Dutsen Dillon, County Roscommon. A Arewacin Ireland an saita sabon rikodin don matsakaicin zafin jiki, tareda  an kai shi a Castlederg, County Tyrone

Duk da matsananciyar faɗakarwar yanayi, yanayin zafi na 2021 na Yuli ya kasance mai sauƙi idan aka kwatanta da zafafan zafi a Burtaniya da Ireland na shekarun baya da na baya, tare da zafin zafi a shekarun baya ya zarce matsakaicin zafin wannan zafin, musamman a kudu maso gabas.

## Duba kuma

## Manazarta
Thin Ice (fim na 2013)

***Thin Ice*** fim ne na gaskiya na 2013, yana bin masanin ilimin ƙasa Simon Lamb akan bincike don fahimtar kimiyyar dake bayan canjin yanayi. Ana samun hakan ne ta hanyar zagaya duniya, da saduwa da masana kimiyya daban-daban,tun daga masana kimiyyar halittu zuwa masana kimiyyar lissafi, waɗanda ke binciken yanayin. Ƙarshen fim ɗin ya jaddada haɗin kan kimiyya game da sauyin yanayi da ɗan adam ya haifar.

Fim ɗin wani shirine na haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Jami'ar Oxford da Jami'ar Victoria ta Wellington, kuma an fara shi a duniya a Ranar Duniya 2012, da kuma a New Zealand a 2015.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Gidan yanar gizon hukuma ''na Thin Ice'', daga inda za a iya kallon fim din da kuma sayen DVD.
* Tirela na hukuma
Byrd-Hagel Resolution

**Kudirin Byrd&#x2013;Hagel** ya kasance kuduri ne na Majalisar Dattijan Amurka da aka zartar gaba daya tareda ƙuri’ar 95&#x2013;0, a ranar 25 ga Yulin 1997, wanda Sanata Chuck Hagel da Robert Byrd suka ɗauki nauyi. Ƙudurin ya bayyana cewa bai kamata Amurka ta rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniyar sauyin yanayi da zata bada umarnin taƙaita ko rage hayakin iskar gas ga kungiyar Annex I ba, saidai idan [shi], rage fitar da iskar gas ga Ƙungiyoyin Ƙasashe masu tasowa acikin lokacin yarda ɗaya', ko kuma zai haifar da mummunar illa ga tattalin arzikin Amurka. Wannan ya hana Amurka amincewa da yarjejeniyar Kyoto yadda ya kamata.

## Tasiri
Duk da gaba ɗaya nassi na ƙudurin Byrd-Hagel, Jakadan Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya Peter Burleigh ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Kyoto a madadin Gwamnatin Clinton a watan Nuwamba 12 1998. Saidai a ƙarshe gwamnatin Clinton ta hana yarjejeniyar samun amincewar majalisar dattawa saboda yuwuwar koma bayan siyasa da rashin amincewa.

A farkon gwamnatin Bush, Sanata Chuck Hagel, Jesse Helms, Larry Craig, da Pat Roberts sun rubuta wasiƙa zuwa ga Shugaba George W. Bush yana neman gano matsayinsa game da yarjejeniyar Kyoto da manufofin sauyin yanayi. Acikin wata wasiƙa mai kwanan ranar 13 ga Maris, 2001, shugaba Bush ya amsa da cewa "Nayi adawa da yarjejeniyar Kyoto saboda ta kebe kashi 80 cikin 100 na duniya, ciki harda manyan cibiyoyin jama'a irinsu China da Indiya, daga bin ka'ida, kuma za ta haifar da mummunar illa ga tattalin arzikin Amurka. Ƙuri'ar Majalisar Dattawa mai lamba 95-0, ta nuna cewa anyi ittifaƙi a sarari cewa yarjejeniyar Kyoto hanya ce da bata dace ba kuma ba tada inganci ta magance matsalolin sauyin yanayi a duniya.

A lokacin gwamnatin Obama, Amurka. sun bi manufofin sauyin yanayi kamar yarjejeniyar Copenhagen da yarjejeniyar Paris don ba da shawarar samar da ingantaccen gyara muhalli da ba da damar al'ummomi su yanke shawarar kansu dangane da alƙawuran da suka dace. Acikin labarin Time na 2015, tsohon Sakataren Tsaron Amurka Chuck Hagel ya bayyana cewa "Ya kamata majalisar ta taka rawar gani a tattaunawar - bata hanyar toshe yarjejeniyar ba, amma ta hanyar aika sabon kungiyar masu sa ido kan sauyin yanayi ta duniya don bayar da rahoto game da abubuwan da ke faruwa a Paris da kuma a yi nazari sosai kan tsare-tsaren yanayi na sauran ƙasashe".

## Dokoki masu alaƙa
H.Res.211 ƙudiri ne na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka wanda aka gabatar tare da goyon bayan masu tallafawa 102 a ranar 31 ga Yuli, 1997.  H.Res.211 ya cigaba da yin irin wannan harshe zuwa ƙudurin Byrd-Hagel wanda ya haifar da cewa yarjejeniyar Kyoto ya kamata (1) ta bada umarni da sababbin alkawurra don iyakance ko rage hayakin iskar gas ga Ƙungiyoyin Annex 1, saidai in yarjejeniya ko wata yarjejeniya kuma ta bada umarni na musamman. alkawurran da aka tsara don iyakance ko rage hayakin iskar gas don Ci gaban Ƙungiyoyin Ƙasa acikin lokacin yarda ɗaya; ko(2) haifar da mummunar cutarwa ga tattalin arzikin Amurka. Duk da farin jinin farko na kudurin daga karshe an mika shi ga kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin tattalin arziki da cinikayya na kasa da kasa inda ba a dauki wani mataki na gaba ba.

## Bayanan kula
Farashin C4MIP

**C<sup>4</sup>MIP** (mafi cikakken, **Coupled Climate Carbon Cycle Model Intercomparison Project**) aikin haɗin gwiwa ne tsakanin Shirin Duniya na Geosphere-Biosphere (IGBP) da Shirin Binciken Yanayi na Duniya (WCRP). Wani tsari ne na kwatance tare da layin Tsarin Model Intercomparison Project, amma don samfuran yanayin yanayi na duniya waɗanda suka haɗa da zagayowar carbon na mu'amala.

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* https://web.archive.org/web/20050402053554/http://climate.ornl.gov/c4mip/
*
Sirrin Mutuwar Kanada

***Sirrin Mutuwar Kanada: Saskatchewan Uranium da Tsarin Nukiliya na Duniya*** littafi ne na 2007 na Jim Harding, kuma yana nuna mummunan tasirin haƙƙin Aboriginal da lafiyar muhalli, da tasirin ciniki cikin 'yanci. Harding yayi jayayya cewa makamashin nukiliya bazai iya rage dumamar yanayi ba kuma "Atom ɗin Aminci" ba ya wanzu. Helen Caldicott ta rubuta farkon kalmar zuwa littafin.

Jim Harding ƙwararren farfesa ne na nazarin muhalli/shari'a kuma ya kasance darektan bincike don Binciken Adalci na Prairie a Jami'ar Regina. Shi memba ne wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar Regina don Ƙungiyoyin da ba na Nukiliya ba da Majalisar Uranium ta Duniya. Harding kuma yayi aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto na Prairie don *Nuclear Free Press* kuma mai bada shawara ga fim ɗin *Uranium* wanda ya lashe kyautar.

An buga sharhi da yawa na littafin.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin littattafai game da batutuwan nukiliya
* Kashe makaman nukiliya
* Motsin hana makaman nukiliya

## Manazarta


## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Kwanakin nukiliya sun shude
Cibiyar Kanada don Samar da Samfura da Nazari

**Cibiyar Kanada don Samar da Samfura da Bincike** (**CCCma**), wani ɓangare ne na Sashen Binciken Yanayi na Muhalli Kanada kuma yana Jami'ar Victori , Victoria, British Columbia. Manufarta ita ce haɓakawa da amfani da samfuran yanayi don haɓɓaka fahimtar canjin yanayi da yin kididdigar  hasashen yanayi na gaba a Kanada da duniya baki ɗaya. Tsarin hasashen yanayi na yanayi yana bada hasashen yanayi akan Kanada akan lokutan watanni zuwa shekaru.

## Samfuran na yanzu

* CGCM3 Ƙarni na uku haɗe da samfurin yanayi na duniya
* CGCM4 Ƙarni na huɗu haɗe da samfurin yanayi na duniya
* CanESM2 Tsarin Tsarin Duniya na Kanadiya na biyu
* CanESM5 Tsarin Tsarin Duniya na Kanada 5 
* CanRCM Samfurin Yanayi na Yankin Kanada 

## Duba kuma

* Cibiyar Nazarin yanayi ta ƙasa
* Duniya Simulator
* HadCM3 - bayanin AOGCM
* EdGCM - sigar ilimi ta GCM

## Bayanan kula

## Manazarta

* 

* 

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Gidan yanar gizon hukuma
* Dimitri Lascaris. (Disamba 10, 2019) Sabon Samfurin Yanayi Yana Hasashen Matsaloli masu ban tsoro na dumama Duniya . An dawo da Disamba 10, 2019
Tsarin tantancewar carbon

**Tsarin tantancewar carbon** hanyace ta lissafin ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarcen sarrafa iskar gas mai ƙima. Ya tabbatar da cewa, raguwar da ake da'awar a fitar da hayaki ko kayan haɓɓaka na nutsewar carbon, ya faru a zahiri kuma yana da ƙarfi.

## Duba kuma

* Tsarin bincike
* Carbon diyya
Cibiyar Nazarin Bayanin Carbon Dioxide

**Cibiyar Nazarin Bayanin Carbon Dioxide** (**CDIAC**) ƙungiya ce acikin Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka wacce ke da alhakin samar wa gwamnatin Amurka da al'ummomin bincike bayanan ɗumamar yanayi da bincike kamar yadda ya shafi batun makamashi. CDIAC, da reshenta na Cibiyar Bayanai ta Duniya don Gas ɗin Gas ɗin Yanayi, sun mai da hankali kan samun, kimantawa da rarraba bayanan da suka shafi sauyin yanayi da fitar da iskar gas.

An kafa CDIAC acikin 1982 kuma yana cikin Sashen Kimiyyar Muhalli na Laboratory National Oak Ridge. CDIAC ta rufe ranar 30 ga Satumba, 2017, kuma an rarraba bayananta zuwa wuraren ajiya daban-daban. Yawancin bayanan an ƙaurace su zuwa Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka (DOE) Kayayyakin Bayanan Kimiyyar Muhalli na Tsarin Muhalli don Rukunin Halittar Muhalli (ESS-DIVE  ). An canza bayanan Oceanic Trace Gas zuwa sabon Tsarin Bayanai na Carbon Ocean (OCADS) wanda Cibiyar Kula da Muhalli ta NOAA ta ƙasa (NCEI) ke gudanarwa a https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/ocads/ . An canza jimlar bayanan Cibiyar Kula da Kayayyakin Carbon (TCCON) zuwa Caltech (http://tccondata.org/). Bayanan HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) suna canzawa zuwa Laboratory Observing na NCAR Duniya (https://www.eol.ucar.edu/data-software).

## Duba kuma

* Sauyin yanayi a Amurka

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Cibiyar Nazarin Bayanin Carbon Dioxide
Ƙa'idojin Carbon

**Ka'idodin Carbon** sune jerin jagororin da manyan bankunan Wall Street uku suka kafa-Citigroup Inc., JP Morgan Chase, da Morgan Stanley-don tantance haɗarin da ke tattare da bada kuɗin ayyukan wutar lantarki dangane da canjin yanayi. Waɗannan ƙa'idojin suna kira da "ingantaccen himma" wajen kimanta masu bada lamuni na wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da ingancin makamashi; fasahohin makamashi mai sabuntawa da ƙarancin carbon da aka rarraba; da na al'ada da ci-gaba na samar da fasaha. An sanar da waɗannan jagororin acikin watan Fabrairun shekarar  2008 don magance karuwar damuwar jama'a game da shirye-shiryen ƙirƙirar masana'antar sarrafa kwal fiye da ɗari a Amurka.

Ƙa'idojin Yanayi suna da tsari iri ɗaya don al'adar canjin yanayi na ɓangaren kuɗi. Wannan cikakken tsarin masana'antu ne don mayar da martani ga sauyin yanayi kuma Crédit Agricole, Munich Re, Standard Chartered, Swiss Re da HSBC sun karbe shi. Ka'idodin Carbon ci gaba ne na tuntuɓar sashen samar da wutar lantarki na kasar  Amurka.

## Manazarta

* http://www.eere.energy.gov/news/enn.cfm#energy
* https://www.banktrack.org/download/the_principle_matter_banks_climate_and_the_carbon_principles/ran_the_principle_matter_carbonprinciplereport.pdf

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*
Emeka Friday Eze

**Emeka Friday Eze** (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga watan gwagwala Satumba shekarar 1996) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba a ƙungiyar İstanbulspor ta Turkiyya a matsayin aro daga Eyüpspor .

## Sana'ar wasa

### Farkon aiki
Bayan buga wasa a wata karamar kungiya a Najeriya, Eze ya isa kasar Kamaru a shekarar 2013, inda ya fara buga kwallo a wata makarantar horar da kwallon kafa a Mbanga .  Daga nan ya shiga Oxygène de Mfou, ƙungiyar yanki na biyu a yankin Cibiyar, a cikin shekarar 2014.  Duk da cewa bai buga kakar wasa ta farko ba, ya zura kwallaye goma sha daya kuma kusan talatin a kakar wasa ta gaba, wanda hakan ya bashi damar zama gwarzon dan wasa kuma wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar. 

### Aigle Royal Menoua
Bayan wasanni biyu masu nasara tare da Oxygen, Eze ya ba da kwangila ta MTN Elite One ( *Ligue 1* ) kulob din Aigle Royal Menoua . Ya kawo karshen kakar wasa ta shekarar 2016 da kwallaye tara kuma yana cikin ‘yan wasa 25 da aka zaba domin lashe kyautar gwarzon dan wasa a gasar.

### RoPS
A cikin shekarar 2017, Eze yana kan hanyar zuwa  zakaran Kamaru UMS de Loum,  amma ya saita burinsa zuwa Turai maimakon. Bayan ya yi ƙoƙari don Estoniya Paide Linnameskond,  ya ƙare yana wasa da RoPS a Rovaniemi, Finland .  Ya zira kwallo a farkon bayyanarsa tare da RoPS a wasan sada zumunci da IFK Luleå . 

Bayan ya fara buga wasansa na Veikkausliiga a ranar 22 ga watan Afrilu shekarar 2017, burin Eze na farko ya zo mako guda bayan wasansa na biyu, da PS Kemi .

### Istanbul (loan)
A ranar 11 ga watan  Janairu, shekarar 2023, Istanbul ta ba da aro Eze. 

## Manazartae


## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* 
* Footballdatabase Profile
* Emeka Friday Eze at WorldFootball.net
Moyo Lawal

**Moyo Lawal** Listen  yar wasan Najeriya ce.   Ta lashe lambar yabo ta gwagwagalada "Revolution of the year" a Best of Nollywood Awards a 2012.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Lawal ne a garin Badagry kuma ya yi karatun firamare da sakandare da kuma manyan makarantu a Najeriya. Ta samu digirin ta na BSc a fannin  fasahar kere-kere daga Jami'ar Legas .   Ta ce ba ta haihu ba saboda aiki ne mai wahala. 

## Sana'a
Lawal ta fara wasan kwaikwayo ne a cikin kananan shirye- shiryen wasan kwaikwayo a lokacin da ta gamsu da cewa ta shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo da wata kawarta a lokacin da take  makaranta. Ta shiga cikin shirin gaskiya *na Film Star* Nigerian TV amma bata yi nasara ba. 

Lawal ta  fara fitowa sana'ar wasan kwaikwayo ta farko a cikin jerin shirye-gwagwagalada shiryen TV mai suna *Shallow Waters* inda ta taka rawar *Chioma* a cikin jerin talabijin. Aikin Lawal ya kara fitowa fili ne a lokacin da ta samu damar yin fim a cikin wani shiri na talabijin da ya samu lambar yabo mai suna Tinsel inda ta taka  rawar gani mai suna *Chinny* . 

Lawal A cikin shekarar 2012 Best of Nollywood Awards wanda aka salo kamar yadda *lambar yabo ta BON* ta lashe lambar yabo ta *Revelation of the Year* .

## Ayyukan aiki
Lawal wacce ta yi fama da yunkurin fashi da makami da bai yi nasara ba a kan gadar babban gadar Legas ta Najeriya ta wayar da kan jama'a game da lamarin ta hanyar ba da labarin irin halin da ta shiga tare da bayar da shawarar hanyoyin dakile afkuwar lamarin don gujewa sake afkuwar lamarin. Ta kuma bayyana cewa wayar da kan jama’a ita ce kawai mafita domin bayan da ta bayar da labarin abin da ya faru da ita, wasu mutane da dama sun kai mata  bayanin irin matsalolin da suka fuskanta a hanya guda kuma ita ma ta kasance cikin ruwan leda da faifan faifan nata ya  rutsa da ita.

## Kyaututtuka da zaɓe

## Filmography zaba

* *Rike da bege* 
* *Lokacin Warkar*
* *Toast Zuwa Zuciya*
* *Emem da Angie*
* *Madam PA*
* *Yanar Gizo mai Tangle*
* *Iyayen Millennium*
* *Mama Baby Bakin Ciki*
* *Kare Iyaye*
* *Gidan Bidiyo*
* *Babban Gals akan Harabar*
* *Cloud na Ciwo*
* *Uwargida*
* *Kar Ka Taba Son Yarima*
* *Godiya ga Zuwan*
* *Yahuda Game*

## jerin talabijan
Lawal ya halarci shirye-shiryen talabijin daban-daban na Najeriya daga cikin su ;

* *Binta and Friends* ,
* *<nowiki/>'Yan iska* ,
* *Jenifa's Diary* ,
* *Super Story* ,
* *Gefen Aljanna* ,
* *Ruwan Shallow,* 
* *Eldorado,* da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin da suka samu lambar yabo;
* Tinsel . 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Moyo Lawal IMDb Page
Efe Paul Azino

**Efe Paul Azino** an haife shi a Legas marubuci ɗan Najeriya ne, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo kuma mawaƙi,   ana ɗaukarsa "a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan mawaƙin Najeriya."  Har ila yau, an dauke shi a matsayin wanda "ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daga kalmomin daga shafin da kuma ba su rai" a cikin kalmomin da ake magana a Najeriya. 

Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma darakta na bikin wakoki na kasa da kasa na Legas,   kuma ggwagwalada daraktan wakoki a bikin litattafai da fasaha na Legas na shekara-shekara.

## Biography da tarihin aiki
An haifi Azino a Legas, Najeriya. He has featured in a number of local and international poetry events like Aké Arts and Book Festival, Kaduna Book and Arts Festival, Lagos Book and Art Festival, Johannesburg Arts Festival, Lights Camera Africa Film Festival, Berlin Poetry Festival, Spier International Poetry Festival Cape Town, Taipei Poetry gwagwala Festival, da Bikin Majalisar Biritaniya, Legas. Shi ma'aikaci ne na mazaunin Osiwa Poetry . 

Shi ne mai samar da kalmar shayari na wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo *Nemo Gida*, wani shiri wanda kuma "bincike  tambaya na ainihi, ƙaura da ƙaura na duniya na Afirka". 

An fassara wakokinsa zuwa Afirkaans, Faransanci, Jamusanci, da Mandarin.

A cikin shekarar 2015, ya buga kundin waƙarsa na farko mai taken *Ga Karya Maza Masu Ketare Sau da yawa*, wanda Farafina Littattafai suka buga. Tarin waqoqinsa na biyu, *Bala’in Faɗuwa da Dariya a Maƙogwaron ku*, zai fito a cikin shekarar 2018.

A cikin shekarar  2017 an nada Azino a matsayin daya daga cikin "mafi karfi matasa 'yan kasa da shekaru 40 wadanda ke yin abubuwa a sararin al'ada" ta mujallar YNaija .

## Bikin Waqoqin Duniya na Legas
A cikin shekarar 2015, Azino ya kafa Bikin Waka na Kasa da Kasa na Legas (LIPFEST), taron shekara-shekara na wakoki, wasan kwaikwayo, da tattaunawa, wanda aka bayyana shi a matsayin "kira na mawallafin kalmomi, masu fasaha, masu sayar da wakoki da masu zurfin tunani".    Buga na shekarar 2017 ya kasance taken "Bridges from Walls".

## Manazarta
Jaden Philogene

**Jaden Philogene,** - **Bidace** (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Fabrairu Shekara ta 2002), wanda aka sani da **Jaden Philogene**, ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Ingila wanda ke taka leda a matsayin winger na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta EFL ta Cardiff City, a kan aro daga Aston Villa .  Ya kasance samfur na Kwalejin Aston Villa kuma ya wakilci Ingila a matakin matasa, a halin yanzu yana cikin tawagar 'yan kasa da shekara 20.

## Aikin kulob

### Aston Villa
Makarantar Aston Villa ta sanya hannu kan Philogene daga Pro: Direct Academy a London a cikin watan Janairu shekarar 2018. Ya shafe lokaci a kan gwaji a kungiyoyi da dama a cikin gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila, a gwargwadon rahoto ciki har da Brentford, kafin ya zauna a Villa. 

Bayan burgewa ga tawagar 'yan kasa da shekaru 23, kuma a gwargwadon rahoto yana jawo sha'awar Kungiyar Barcelona, Paris Saint-Germain da Borussia Dortmund,  Philogene ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar sana'a ta farko tare da kungiyar Aston Villa. 

A ranar 19 ga watan Mayu shekarar 2021, an ba Philogene wasansa na farko, wanda ya zo a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da Aston Villa ta doke Tottenham da ci 2-1 a filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur . 

#### Stoke City ( aro)
A ranar 21 ga watan Janairu, shekarar 2022, Philogene ya koma kungiyar ta EFL Championship Stoke City a kan aro har zuwa karshen kakar shekarar 2021–22 .  Washegari, Philogene ya fara buga gasar Championship a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a wasan da Fulham ta sha kashi a gida da ci 3–2.  Philogene ya buga wa Stoke wasa sau 11, inda ya ci sau daya a wasan da suka doke Swansea da ci 3-0 a ranar 8 ga watan Fabrairu shekarar 2022. 

#### Garin Cardiff (rance)
A ranar 26 ga watan Yuli shekarar 2022, Philogene ya shiga ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Cardiff City a kan aro har zuwa ƙarshen lokacin 2022-23 .  Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a Cardiff a ranar 6 ga watan Agusta shekarar 2022, a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a gasar cin kofin Premier zuwa Reading .  Philogene ya ci kwallonsa ta farko a Cardiff a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, wanda ya jefa kwallo a ragar Aston Villa da ci 1-0 a kan Birmingham City . 

## Ayyukan kasa da kasa
A ranar 17 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 2020, Philogene ya fara buga wasansa na Ingila U19 a wasan sada zumunci da suka yi da Derby County U23s da ci 8 – 0 inda ya ci hat-trick . 

A ranar 6 ga watan Satumba shekarar 2021, Philogene ya fara buga wa Ingila U20s a lokacin nasara da ci 6–1 akan Romania U20s a St. George's Park . 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Philogene ya zo daga garin Landan, kuma ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Uxbridge, inda ake masa lakabi da mafi kyawun ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa akai-akai. 

## Kididdigar sana'a



## Manazarta


## Hanyoyin haɗi na wajea

* Jaden Philogene at Soccerbase
*
Motsin Carbon

**Juyin Carbon;** shine hali ga mutum don ƙara yawan iskar carbon dioxide a wani yanki na salon rayuwar su sakamakon rage hayaki a wani wuri. Ana iya kiran canjin carbon dai-dai da "canjawar carbon na cikin gida" don bambantashi da zubar da carbon, wanda lokaci-lokaci kuma ana kiran sa canjin carbon.

Ƙoƙari da yawa na ƙarfafa mutane su canza al'amuran rayuwar su don haka rage fitar da iskar carbon dioxide da suke fitarwa ya haifar da kyakkyawan tanadi na kuɗi. Acikin United Kingdom, Hukumar Tattalin Arzikin Makamashi ta lissafa hanyoyi daban-daban na ceton makamashi, misali, "Fitilar wutar lantarki mai ceton makamashi ya wuce har sau goma sha biyu fiye da fitilun fitilu na yau da kullun kuma suna iya ceton ku £9 a kowace shekara a wutar lantarki (da kilogiram 38 na CO.) ko kuma £100 a kan kwararan fitila tsawon rayuwa."Koyaya, ko an rage iskar carbon dioxide ko a'a zai dogara ne akan yadda ake kashe kuɗin da aka ajiye. Idan adadin kuɗin da aka adana ta hanyar tafiya zuwa aiki ya ƙare akan ƙarin hutun birni wanda ya shafi tafiye-tafiyen jirgin sama, hayaƙi na iya ƙaruwa sosai.

Matsalar motsin carbon na iya lalata ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce na son rai da yawa na rage fitar da iskar carbon dioxide. Koyaya, canjin carbon ba shi da kyau a zahiri. Idan za a iya shawo kan mutum don guje wa ayyukan da ke haifar da yawan hayaki don kashe kuɗi da aka ba su, to za su iya matsawa zuwa ayyukan da ke samar da ƙananan hayaki don wannan adadin kuɗi. Ana iya ƙarfafa madaidaicin canjin carbon ta hanyar amfani da harajin carbon ko aiwatar da tsarin ciniki na carbon na sirri.

Lamarin dake tattare da canjin carbon kuma yana nuna cewa don wasu dalilai na kwatankwacin, ma'aunin da yafi dacewa da fitar da hayaki zai zama hayaki kowane ɓangaren na kuɗi maimakon jimillar hayaki. Ayyukan dake haifar da ƙananan hayaki mai sauƙi a farashi mai mahimmanci bazai zama mafi kyawun aiki don ingantawa ba yayinda yake barin mutum da ƙarin kuɗi don ciyarwa kan wasu ayyukan haya. Hakazalika, idan fasinjoji biyu suna tafiya akan jirgin sama ɗaya, ana iya ɗauka cewa suna fitar da adadin carbon dioxide iri ɗaya. Koyaya, idan ɗayansu ya biya kuɗi kaɗan, to ta wannan matakin, za'a ɗauka cewa sunfi cutar da muhalli.

## Duba kuma

* Carbon diyya
* Carbon credit
* Greenwash
* Low-carbon tattalin arziki
* Tasirin sake dawowa (kiyaye)

## Bayanan kula
Kallon Kasuwancin Carbon

**Kallon Kasuwancin Carbon** ƙungiyar bincike ce mai zaman kanta dake aiki kan sauyin yanayi da manufofin yanayi ta fuskar tushen adalci. A da ya kasance wani ɓangare na Cibiyar Transnational Institute dake Amsterdam. Tun daga Janairu 2010,Carbon Trade Watch ƙungiyar dokace mai cin gashin kanta wacce ke Barcelona,Spain. Ƙungiyar 'sabuwar',Ƙungiyar Binciken Adalci ta Muhalli(EJRC),tana da ƙungiya ɗaya da kuma cigaba da aikin Carbon Trade Watch tare da faɗaɗa cikin sabbin wuraren bincike.

Ta hanyar mayar da aikinta akan ayyuka da kamfen da al'umma ke jagoranta, Carbon Trade Watch yana da nufin samar da tsayayyen tsarin bincike wanda ke tabbatar da cewa ba a manta da cikakken bincike na tushen adalci na sauyin yanayi da manufofin muhalli ba. A matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin haɗin kai, CTW yana nufin rakaye da tallafawa ƙungiyoyi da al'ummomi a cikin shirye-shiryen su na gida da gwagwarmayar tabbatar da muhalli da zamantakewa. Mahimmanci, gamayya suna tattarawa da fassara aiki tare da wasu a cikin wannan fagen don taimakawa sauƙaƙe haɗin gwiwa da fahimtar juna.

Ayyukansu sun haɗa da fim ɗin *[[The Carbon Connection|Haɗin Carbon]]*  da littafin *[[Carbon Trading: How it works and why it fails|Carbon Trading: Yadda yake aiki da dalilin da ya sa ya ƙasa]]*.hakama yanada wani wani irri 

## lamuran
Kallon Kasuwancin Carbon yayi aiki akan wasu mahimman lamurra waɗanda suka taimaka ba da al'amuran jama'a na cinikin hayaki. Har'ila yau, waɗannan lokuta sun haifar da yawancin karatun ilimi, suna shiga cikin waɗannan lokuta daki-daki.

* Titin Bisasar Matsakar Methane da iskar Gas zuwa Wutar Lantarki Tsabtace Titin Bisasar da aikin Asusun Carbon Samfurin. Nazarin wannan shari'ar ya yi nuni da haɗakar abubuwan da suka shafi kiwon lafiya, samar da ɓata lokaci da damar shiga cikin masu ruwa da tsaki.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
CEB VER

**CEB VER** shine ingantaccen ma'auni don masana'antar sarrafa carbon na son rai, wanda Musanya Kayayyaki Bratislava ya ƙirƙira. Dangane da Tsarin Tsabtace  Yarjejeniyar Kyoto, CEB VER ta kafa ma'auni don ingantawa, aunawa, da saka idanu akan ayyukan kashe carbon tare da zaɓi don cinikin kuɗin carbon da amfani dasu don mika wuya ga mutane, ƙungiyoyi ko kamfanoni waɗanda ke son zama tsaka tsaki na carbon.

## Hanyoyi
Hanyar tana bayyana ainihin ƙididdigewa kan adadin kuɗin carbon da za'a iya bayarwa ga masu haɓɓaka aikin. Ana iya siyar da waɗannan ƙididdigar carbon a Wurin Carbon. Hanyar farko da aka bayar a ƙarƙashin ma'aunin CEB VER ita ce CEB VER Solar.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Yanar Gizo na CEB 
* VER Registry  Archived  
* Madaidaitan bayanin martaba na VER+ akan bayanan hanyoyin sarrafa Kasuwa
Checkerspot (Mujalla)

***Checkerspot*** wata mujalla ce ta canjin yanayi ta shekara-shekara a Kanada wacce Hukumar Kula da namun daji ta Kanada ta buga mujallar kyauta, an ƙaddamar da fitowarta ta farko a watan Mayu 2007, kuma ta daina samarwa a 2009, saboda taɓarɓarewar tattalin arziki.

*Checkerspot* yayi iƙirarin zama wallafe-wallafen tsaka-tsakin yanayi. An ba wa mujallar sunan malam buɗa mana littafi, wadda akayi imanin cewa kewayonta na canzawa sakamakon ɗumamar yanayi. .

## Ƙungiyar namun daji ta Kanada
Ƙungiyar namun daji ta Kanada, ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin kiyaye zaman lafiya na Kanada, suna aiki don kare nau'in daji na Kanada da sarari. Anyi amfani *da Checkerspot* don cigaba da inganta tattaunawa game da sauyin yanayi.

## Manazarta
''Checkerspot'' yana dakatar da samarwa

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Mujallar ''Checkerspot''
Babban jami'in kula da zafi

**Babban jami'in kula da zafi**, ko **CHO**, ma'aikacin gwamnati ne na birni, wanda ke mai da hankali kan yaƙar hatsarori na matsanancin zafi, da rage tasirin tsibiran zafi.

Yawancin manyan jami'an kula da zafi ana ɗaukar hayar garuruwa, gundumomi, da sauran nau'ikan ƙananan hukumomi. Matsayin ya bayyana a farkon 2020s, tare da birane da yawa acikin yanayi mai zafi suna naɗa manyan jami'an zafi don ƙoƙarin rage tasirin canjin yanayi ta hanyar ƙara inuwa, samar da cibiyoyin sanyaya, dasa bishiyoyi, da dai-daita ayyukan hana zafi. An ƙirƙiri muƙamin jami'in zafi na farko a Los Angeles, gundumar Miami-Dade, Melbourne, Athens, da Freetown. Cibiyar Resilience Foundation ta Majalisar Atlantika Adrienne Arsht - Rockefeller Foundation ce ta shirya yunƙurin ƙirƙirar mukaman.

Eleni Myrivili ita ce babban jami'in kula da zafi na Shirin Matsugunan Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na yanzu kuma Babban Jami'in Resilience na birnin Athens.

## Manazarta
Ayyukan yanayi

**Ayyukan yanayi** (ko **aikin sauyin yanayi**), yana nufin ayyuka da yawa, dabaru, na'urorin siyasa da sauransu waɗanda ke da nufin rage tsananin canjin yanayi da ɗan adam ke haifar da tasirinsa. "Ƙarin aikin sauyin yanayi" shine babban buƙatar motsin yanayi. **Rashin aikin yanayi** shine rashin aikin sauyin yanayi. Misalan ayyukan yanayi sun haɗada:

* Ayyukan kasuwanci akan sauyin yanayi
* Canjin canjin yanayi
* Rage canjin yanayi
* Kuɗin yanayi
* Yunkurin yanayi - ayyuka na ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu
* Ayyukan mutum akan sauyin yanayi
* Siyasar canjin yanayi

## Duba kuma

* Tasirin sauyin yanayi

## Manazarta
Climate Alliance

**Climate Alliance** cibiyar sadarwa ce ta Turai ta birane, garuruwa da larduna da aka kafa a 1990, don kare yanayin duniya. Sakatariyar Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Yanayi ta Turai tanada tushe a Frankfurt am Main, Jamus da kuma a Brussels, Belgium. Climate Alliance yanada membobi a Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, d, Faransa, Jojiya, Jamus, Hungary, Ireland, Italiya, Luxembourg, Arewacin Macedonia, Netherlands, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland da Ukraine.

## Manufofi.
Kusan membobi 2,000 daga kasashe sama da 25 na Turai na da burin rage fitar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli daga tushensu. Abokan huldarsu su ne ’ yan asalin dazuzzukan. Abokan hulɗa na asali suna wakiltar COICA, Ƙungiyar Ƙasashe tara na maƙwabta na Amazon Basin.

Ta hanyar shiga haɗin gwiwar Climate Alliance, birane da gundumomi sun rungumi manufofin ƙungiyar: 

* Don yin ƙoƙari don rage kashi 95 cikin 100 na rage hayakin iskar gas nan da 2050 idan aka kwatanta da matakan 1990, daidai da shawarwarin IPCC .
* Don aiwatar da ingantaccen aikin sauyin yanayi daidai da ka'idodin Alliance Alliance.
* Don haɓaka adalcin yanayi tare da ƴan asalin ƙasar ta hanyar tallafawa haƙƙoƙin su, kare rayayyun halittu da kauracewa amfani da katakon da ba a iya sarrafa su ba.

Tushe na kariyar yanayi na gida shine tanadin makamashi da ingantaccen amfani da makamashi da kuma hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa da motsin yanayi. Climate Alliance yana bada shawara ga birane da gundumomi game da aiwatar da dabarun kariyar yanayi tareda haɓɓaka kayan aikin da aka sani don dai-daita cen rikodin, amfani da makamashi da hayaƙin CO. Bugu da ƙari, Climate Alliance yana haɓɓakawa da dai-daita ayyuka da kamfen, waɗanda ke magance ƙungiyoyin manufa daban-daban. Bayan ayyukan nasu Climate. Alliance abokin haɗin gwiwa ne na ƙarin kamfen da matakai kuma cikin ayyukan siyasa. A matakin ƙasa da ƙasa yana tsayawa ga hukumomin Turai da ke da alhakin kare yanayi da kuma tallafawa ƙungiyoyin 'yan asalin ƙasar.

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje.

* Shafin Farko na Ƙwararrun Yanayi: Turanci da Jamusanci
* Yaƙin neman zaɓe: ZOOM – Yara kan Tafiya
* Hukumomin yankin da ke aiki don MDGs - Turai don ƙarin ci gaba
* Makamashi da Kula da CO2
* Alkawarin Magaji
* Alleanza per il Clima Italia

## Manazarta.
Yanayin Jari-hujja

***Climate Capitalism: Capitalism in the Age of Climate Change*** littafi ne na 2011 na L. Hunter Lovins da Boyd Cohen. Ya gabatar da labarai masu kyau da misalan yadda kamfanoni masu neman riba ke taimakawa wajen ceto duniya, ya kuma ce, "Hanya mafi kyau ta sake gina tattalin arzikin Amurka, birane da kasuwannin aikinyi ita ce zuba jari kan ingancin makamashi da albarkatun makamashi, ko sauyin yanayi ya kasance. faruwa ko a'a". Koyaya, mai bita Gail Whiteman bai gamsu da hujjar cewa kwaɗayi tsirara da sojojin kasuwa zasu sa 'yan kasuwa su yanke hayaki mai gurbata muhalli ba.

## Duba kuma

* *Jari-hujja na Halitta: Ƙirƙirar juyin juya halin masana'antu na gaba*
* *<nowiki/>'Yan kasuwan shakka*
* *Sabunta Wuta*
* Rigimar canjin yanayi
* Manufar sauyin yanayi ta Amurka
* Kafofin watsa labarai na sauyin yanayi

## Manazarta
Gagarun canjin yanayi

Kwamitin tsakanin gwamnatoci kan sauyin yanayi (IPCC) tare da Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Sauyin yanayi ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya(UNFCCC) suna amfani da dubun-dubatar gajarta da kalmomin farko acikin takaddun da suka shafi manufofin sauyin yanayi.

## A

* **AAU** - Naúrar adadin da aka ware
* **AGGI** - Fihirisar Gas Gas na Shekara-shekara
* **AMO** - Atlantic multidecadal oscillation
* **AO** - Arctic oscillation

## C

* **CDM** – Tsaftataccen Injin Ci Gaban Tsabtace Tsabtace Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Kyoto wanda Kuma ke ba wa ƙasashe masu arzikin masana'antu damar rage yawan iskar gas (wanda ake kira Annex 1 ƙasashe) su saka hannun jari a ayyukan da ke rage fitar da hayaki a ƙasashe masu tasowa a matsayin madadin rage fitar da hayaki mai tsada a ƙasashensu.
* **CDR** - cirewar carbon dioxide
* **CER** - Tabbataccen Rage Fitarwa
* **CFC** - Chlorofluorocarbon
* **CF <sub>4</sub>** - Carbon tetrafluoride
* **CH <sub>4</sub>** - Methane
* **COP** - Taron Jam'iyyun
* **CO <sub>2</sub>** - Carbon dioxide
* **C <sub>2</sub> F <sub>6</sub>** - Hexafluoroethane

## D

* **DER** - Albarkatun Makamashi Rarraba wani ƙaramin yanki ne na samar da wutar lantarki wanda ke aiki a cikin gida kuma an haɗa shi da babban grid mai ƙarfi a matakin rarraba. DERs sun haɗa da fale-falen hasken rana, ƙananan janareta masu amfani da iskar gas, motocin lantarki da kayan sarrafawa, kamar tsarin HVAC da na'urorin wutar lantarki. Wani muhimmin bambanci na DER shine cewa makamashin da yake samarwa yana cinyewa kusa da tushen.

## E

* **EEI** - Rashin Ma'aunin Makamashi na Duniya
* **ENSO** - El Niño-Southern Oscillation

## G

* **GCM** - Tsarin kewayawa na gabaɗaya ko ƙirar yanayin duniya
* **GFDL** - Laboratory Fluid Dynamics na Geophysical
* **GHG** - Gas na Gas
* **GWP** - yuwuwar dumamar yanayi

## H

## I

* **IOD** - Indian Ocean Dipole
* **IPO** - Interdecadal Pacific oscillation

## M

* **MSL** - Matsayin Teku na Ma'ana

## N

* **NAPA** – Shirye-shiryen daidaitawa na Kasa .
* **NCAR** - Cibiyar Nazarin yanayi ta ƙasa
* **NF <sub>3</sub>** - Nitrogen trifluoride
* **N <sub>2</sub> 0** - Nitrous oxide

## O

* **OHC** - Yanayin zafin teku
* **O <sub>3</sub>** - (Tropospheric) Ozone

## P

* **PDO** - Pacific decadal oscillation

## R

* **REDD** - Rage fitar da hayaki daga sare bishiyoyi da hanyoyin lalata gandun daji suna amfani da kuzarin kasuwa / kudi don rage fitar da iskar gas daga sare dazuzzuka da lalata gandun daji.

## S

* **SSP** - Hanyoyi na Tattalin Arziki na Rarraba
* **SST** - Teku zafin jiki
* **SF <sub>6</sub>** - Sulfur hexafluoride

## T

* **TEWI** - Jimlar tasirin dumama daidai

## U

* **UHI** - Tsibirin zafi na birni

## W

* **WMO** - Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya

## Duba kuma

* Kamus na canjin yanayi

## Manazarta
Kogin Maclennan

**Kogin Maclennan** kogi ne dake New Zealand, wani yanki ne na kogin Tahakopa .

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Maerewhenua

**Kogin Maerewhenua**,wanda kuma aka sani da **kogin Marewhenua**, ƙaramin kogi ne dake Otago na Tsibirin Kudu wanda yake yankin New Zealand.an gano wuri a cikin Arewacin Otago da kuma wani yankin na Kogin Waitaki, wanda ke yin iyaka tsakanin Otago da Canterbury .

Kogin yana gudana zuwa gabas da ƙaramin garin Duntroon . Lokacin da Reshen Kurow, layin dogo na reshe, yana kan aikin ginin a cikin 1870s, kogin ya haifar da matsalolin gini kuma layin ya ƙare a kan gabas sama da shekaru biyar har sai da aka yi nasarar kammala gada a tsakiyar 1881.

## Manazarta
Kogin Manuherikia

**Kogin Manuherikia** an gano wurin  a Otago a Tsibirin Kudancin wanda yake yankin New Zealand . Ya tashi a arewa mai nisa na Maniototo, tare da Reshen Yamma yana zubar da gefen gabas na St Bathans Range, kuma reshen Gabas yana zubar da gefen yamma na Hawkdun Range. Kogin yana ci gaba da kudu maso yamma ta cikin kwarin Manuherikia mai fa'ida har zuwa haduwarsa da kogin Clutha a Alexandra . A cikin 1860s Manuherikia yana ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyin tsakiyar Otago Gold Rush .

kogin an ketare da tarihin gagarumin gadoji guda biyu masu mahimmanci na tarihi, gadar Manuherikia mai lankwasa mai lamba 70 (lamba 70 akan layin dogo ta tsakiya na Otago ), gadar siminti da aka kammala a shekara ta 1903, da gadar tudun dutse a Ophir da aka gina a 1880. 

Harafin Māori na kogin shine Manuherekia, ma'ana "a ƙarshe". 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand
Kogin Motatapu

**Kogin Motatapu** kogi ne da ke kusa da Wānaka a cikin New Zealand,a yankin na kogin Mātukituki.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Nevis

**Kogin Nevis** yana cikin Otago, New Zealand . Yana tafiya arewa tsawon  ta cikin kasa mai muni kafin haduwa da kogin Kawarau, wanda shi ne tributary. Wani fitaccen dutsen da ke kusa da wannan mahaɗa ana kiransa da Nevis Bluff .

Kogin ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin wuraren tsakiyar Otago goldrush na 1860s. A yau, an san yankin da ke kusa da kogin don yawon shakatawa da samar da ruwan inabi . Babban aikin tsalle-tsalle na New Zealand, mai  Nevis Highwire yana saman kogin. 

Ruwan an kiyayewa shi domin Kare kogin domin daji na wasan kwaikwayo da hali domin na wasanni dakuma na amfani da nishaɗi, musamman kamun kifi da kayak. Ruwa ya kiyaye tanadi don dutse kogin don haɓaka wutar lantarki. Kifi da Wasan New Zealand sun nemi a soke wannan tanadi  kuma a cikin 2013, bayan tsarin jama'a tare da la'akari da wata kotu ta musamman da Kotun Muhalli, Ministan Muhalli ya yanke shawarar hana lalata kogin. 

Nokomai mai siffa ta laka, a cikin babban magudanar ruwa, wani yanki ne na dausayin da ba a gyara ba a kan murabba'in kilomita da yawa na tsaunin Garvie na kudancin.  Zai yiwu shi ne mafi girma irin wannan yanki a cikin Australasia kuma ciyawa, sedges da mosses sun mamaye shi, tare da wuraren tafki marasa zurfi, ƙananan tsibirai da ciyayi masu ƙarancin ciyayi. Laka tana ratsa arewa ta hanyar Roaring Lion Creek zuwa Nevis da kudu ta Dome Burn zuwa Kogin Waikaa.  Kadan daga cikin laka yana cikin magudanar ruwan Nokomai.

## Manazarta
Kogin Ngatau

**Kogin Ngatau** kogi ne dake yamma da bakin tekun yankunan Otago na Tsibirin Kudu Wanda yake yankin New Zealand. Yana gudana arewa maso yamma daga tushensa a Kudancin Alps don saduwa da kogin Okuru  kudu maso gabas na Haast . Tsawon kogin yana cikin Dutsen Aspiring National Park .

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Otamatapaio

**Kogin Otamatapaio** kogi ne dakeArewacin Otago,wanda ke yankinNew Zealand . Ya tashi a cikin Hawkdun Range kuma yana gudana arewa maso gabas zuwa tafkin Benmore .

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Otemata

**Kogin Otematata** kogi ne dakeArewacin Otago,wanda yake yankin New Zealand. Ya tashi yamma da Kohurau kuma ta nufi arewa zuwa tafkin Aviemore gabas da garin Otematata.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Waka

**Kogin Ōwaka**, har zuwa 2019 bisa hukuma **kogin Owaka**, yana gudana zuwa kudu maso gabas saboda cikin The Catlins, wani yanki na Kudancin Tsibirin wanda yake yankin New Zealand.  Tsawon sa ya kai , kuma yana daga gefen kogin Catlins, yana kwarara zuwa Tekun Pasifik a Pounawea,  kudu da Balclutha . Tushensa yana kan gangaren Dutsen Rosebery,  kudancin Clinton . Kogin Ōwaka yana cikin gundumar Clutha .

Karamin garin Awaka yana da nisan kilomita daya daga gabar kudu da kogin.Yankin Tahora yana kan kogin Ōwaka inda hanya da layin dogo suka ratsa kogin; akwai ɗan alamar wannan mazaunin da ake gani a yau.

## Nassoshi
Kogin Pleasant (New Zealand)

**Kogin Pleasant** yana cikin yankinOtago wanda yake kasar New Zealand . Ya tashi a cikin ƙasa mai tuddai dazuzzuka kusa da Dutsen Trotter, yammacin Palmerston, ƙananan koguna masu yawa suna ciyar da su.  Bayan yana gudana gabaɗaya gabas, kogin ya juya kudu kusan  kudu da Palmerston, ya wuce yankin Wairunga, kuma ya shiga cikin teku ta tsakiyar Shag Point da Waikouaiti .

## Nassoshi
Kogin Púerua

**Kogin Pūerua**, kafin 2018 ya rubuta **kogin Puerua**, kogi ne dake Kudancin Otago,wanda yake kasar New Zealand.  a yankinkogin Clutha / Mata-Au, ya tashi gabas da Brown Dome kuma yana gudana zuwa gabas don shiga wannan kogin kusa da Port Molyneux .

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Kogin Purakaunui

**Kogin Purakaunui kogi,** ne  yammacin Catlins, wanda yake ƙasar 

New Zealand. Ya tashi yamma da Houipapa kuma ya ratsa ta Pūrākaunui Bay Scenic Reserve zuwa Tekun Pacific a Pūrākaunui Bay.  An fi sanin kogin da Purakaunui Falls.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Manazarta
Kogin Teviot

**Kogin Teviot** kogi ne dakeƙasar New Zealand, wani yanki ne na kogin Clutha . 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin koguna na New Zealand

## Nassoshi
Yarjejeniyar Canjin Yanayi (Birtaniya)

Lokacin da aka gabatar da Levy na Canjin Yanayi a Burtaniya, anyi la'akari da matsayin masana'antu masu ƙarfin kuzari, idan akayi la'akari da yadda ake amfani da makamashin su, buƙatunTsarin Kariya da Kula da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen yanayi da bayyanar su ga gasar kasa da kasa. Sakamakon haka, an bada izinin rangwamen kashi 65% daga harajin ga waɗancan sassan da suka amince da manufa don inganta ingancin makamashinsu ko rage hayakin carbon. Rangwamen wutar lantarki ya karu zuwa kashi 90 cikin 100 a shekarar 2013.

Sashin 'ƙarfin kuzari' shine wanda ko dai yana aiwatar da ayyukan da aka jera a matsayin Sashe na A(1)ko A(2)acikin Sashe na 2 na Jadawalin 1 zuwa Dokokin Izinin Muhalli (Ingila da Wales) 2010 (Kayan Kayayyakin Kaya na 2010) No.675)(kamar yadda aka gyara), ko kuma wanda ya dace da ma'aunin ƙarfin makamashi wanda Ma'aikatar Makamashi da Canjin Yanayi ke bayarwa.

Dokokin sun ƙunshi sassa goma masu ƙarfin makamashi na masana'antu (aluminium, ciminti, yumbu, sinadarai, abinci da abin sha, masana'anta, gilashin, karafa marasa ƙarfe, takarda, da ƙarfe) da ƙananan sassa talatin, kuma a cikin noma, dabbobi. raka'a don tsananin renon aladu da kaji.

## See also

* Climate change in the United Kingdom
* Energy policy of the United Kingdom
* Renewables Obligation
* United Kingdom Climate Change Programme

## Manazarta

## External links

* Reducing demand for energy from industry, businesses and the public sector at the Department of Energy and Climate Change
* Climate Change Levy - rates and allowances at HM Revenue and Customs
* Climate change agreements at the Environment Agency
* The Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2010
Canjin yanayi da Dokar Canjin Makamashi

**Dokar Canjin Yanayi da** Makamashi, a hukumance Dokar 7/2021, ta 20 ga Mayu, kan canjin yanayi da canjin makamashi(acikin Mutanen Espanya:Ley 7/2021) na 20 ga Mayu (de cambio climático y transición energética)doka ce ta Mutanen Espanya wacce ta sami amincewar sarauta a ranar 20 ga Mayu 2021,kuma ta fara aiki a ranar 22 ga Mayu 2021. Manufarta ita ce tabbatar da bin manufofin Yarjejeniyar Paris. Majalisar dokokin Cortes Generales (majalisa ta Spain) ta zartar da dokar,kuma Sarki Felipe VI ya kafa ta.

## Babban tanadi
Some of the measures contemplated in this law are:

* An haramta ba da sabon izinin bincike, izinin bincike da rangwamen amfani da iskar gas a duk faɗin ƙasar. Haka kuma ba za'a bada sabon izini ga albarkatun da aka samo don kayan aikin su na rediyo, fissionable ko masu haihuwa ba, kamar uranium. Bugu da ƙari, za'a dakatar da sababbin izini don ayyukan samar da kwal a matakin ƙasa, kuma(hydraulic fracturing ) zai ƙare.
* Nan da 2040 a ƙarshe, duk sabbin motoci dole ne su zama sifili. Wannan yana nufin daga wannan shekarar zuwa gaba, ba za a iya siyar da sabbin motocin fasinja da motocin kasuwanci masu haske (ba ayi nufin kasuwanci ba) da ke fitar da CO₂, babban iskar gas da ke ba da gudummawar ɗumamar duniya. Manufar ita ce a sami tarin motocin fasinja da motocin kasuwanci masu haske waɗanda ba zasu fitar da iskar CO₂ kai tsaye nan da 2050.
* Mazaunan da ke da mazauna sama da 50,000 sun wajaba su kafa yankuna masu ƙarancin hayaki, acikin salon Madrid ta Tsakiya, don rage gurɓataccen iska. Akwai garuruwa da birane 149 da ke da mutane sama da miliyan 25.
* Dole ne gidajen mai su sanya wuraren caji don motocin lantarki . Daga 2023, duk gine-ginen da ba na zama ba tare da wuraren ajiye motoci sama da 20 dole ne su sami kayan aikin caji.

## Amincewa
Majalisar wakilai ta fara amincewa da dokar a ranar 8 ga Afrilu 2021 kuma an tura ta zuwa Majalisar Dattawa don amincewarta ta ƙarshe. Majalisar dattawa ta amince da dokar a ranar 28 ga Afrilu 2021 tare da wasu gyare-gyare.

A ranar 13 ga Mayu 2021, Majalisar Wakilai ta kada kuri'a ta karshe kan rubutun. Babban rinjayen majalisar ya amince da dokar, tare da goyon bayan dukkan kungiyoyin banda Vox, wadda ta kada kuri'ar kin amincewa, da PP da Más País-Verdes Equo, wadanda suka ki kada ƙuri'a.

## Suka
Wasu masana a fannin sun soki rashin kishin dokar da kuma hadarin da ke tattare da “haihuwar tsohuwa”. Greenpeace ta yi la'akari da cewa makasudin ba su isa ba don yin yaƙi da ƙaƙƙarfan yanayin gaggawa.

## Duba kuma

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Full text of the law
Canjin yanayi a Grenada

**Canjin yanayi a Grenada** ya sami kulawar jama'a da siyasa a Grenada.  , Rage tasirinsa ya kasance mai girma akan ajandar Gwamnatin Grenada, wanda ke neman kafa misali ta hanyar fasaha da fasaha na kore.

## Tushen gas na Greenhouse

Idan akayi la'akari da ƙananan girmanta, Grenada ba ita ce babbar mai bada gudummawa ga hayakin iskar gas ba, amma tana amfani da burbushin mai don samar da mafi yawan wutar lantarki. Gwamnatin Grenada ta tsara manufar samar da kashi 50% na makamashin ta daga hasken rana da wutar lantarki nan da shekarar 2030, kuma tana ɗaukar matakan kawar da Grenlec, wutar lantarki da gwamnati ke gudanarwa. Domin yawon bude ido shi ne jigon tattalin arziki, akwai kuma sha'awar nazarin yadda ake amfani da ruwan teku wajen sanyaya iska.

## Ragewa da daidaitawa

### Daidaitawa
, Grenada had a US$6.9 million pilot project to adapt its irrigation system to climate change and conduct local and regional water planning, funded by the German International Climate Initiative (IKI). Groundwater depletion, lower water tables, disruption of water supply by hurricanes (such as Hurricane Ivan), saltwater intrusion, and rising sea levels pose challenges for providing a consistent water supply for agriculture and tourism.

## Al'umma da al'adu

### Ayyukan aiki
Acikin shekarar 2013, jaridar The Washington Diplomat ta bayyana jakadan Grenada a Amurka, Angus Jumma'a, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin "babban Kwararre kan manufofin yanayi a Bankin Duniya." Acikin sakonsa na farko a matsayin jakadan Grenadiya a Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, "ya akai-akai bayar da shawarwari ga ƙananan ƙasashen Caribbean da tsibirin Pacific dake fuskantar barazanar hauhawar matakan teku."

## Duba kuma

* Climate change in the Caribbean

## Manazarta
Sauyin yanayi a Mozambique

Mozambik na ɗaya daga cikin kasashen da sukafi fuskantar matsalar sauyin yanayi. Tare da yawancin yawan jama'ar dake zaune a cikin ƙananan wurare, haɓakar iska mai zafi, ambaliya da hawan guguwa babbar barazana ce. Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2015 kan ''sauyin yanayi'' ya kiyasta cewa sauyin yanayi zai ba da gudummawa ga tattalin arzikin kasa ya kai kashi 13 cikin 100 a cikin 2050 idan aka kwatanta da yanayin almara ba tare da shi ba, kuma GDP na iya raguwa.

Gwamnatin Mozambik da kungiyoyin farar hula sun gano wuraren da za'a iya ragewa da daidaitawa, kamar tsarin gargadin farko game da guguwa, saka hannun jari a kariyar ambaliyar ruwa, shirin sake tsugunar da al'ummomin dake cikin haɗarin da sake gina matsugunan da aka lalata tare da ingantattun matakan jure bala'i.

## Manazarta