Maguzanci

**Rawancin Hausawa ko Maguzanci ko** **Bori** A

## Asalin kalma
*Bòòríí suna* ne na Hausa, ma'ana ƙarfin ruhaniya wanda ke zaune a cikin abubuwa na zahiri, kuma yana da alaƙa da kalmar don maye *gurbataccen* gida (borassa) da kuma aikin magani ( *boka* ).  Addinin Bori duka ƙungiya ce don sarrafa waɗannan ƙarfi, da kuma aiwatar da " adorcism " ( sabanin fitina ) al'ada, rawa da kiɗa wanda ake sarrafa waɗannan iskokai kuma wanda ake warkar da rashin lafiya. 

## Jahiliyya a Kasar Hausa
Wani ɓangare na al'adun gargajiya na Maguzawa Hausawa na gargajiya, Bori ya zama addini na gari wanda ke ƙarƙashin jagorancin mata sarakuna masu faɗa aji a tsakanin wasu ƙasashen da suka gabata kafin mulkin mallaka na ƙasar Hausa . Lokacin da Addinin Musulunci ya fara kutsawa cikin ƙasar Hausa a cikin karni na 14, sannan wasu fannoni na addinin kamar bautar gumaka an tura su karkashin ƙasa. Bautar tsafin Tsumburbura a cikin Masarautar Kano ta wancan lokacin da sauran ire-iren ƙungiyoyin tsafin bori da yawa, to amma bori ya tsira a cikin rukunin "mallakar ruhu" ta hanyar haɗa wasu ɓangarorin addinin Islama. Kiristocin mallakin Bori sun kasance suna da rinjaye na ɗan lokaci akan Sarakunan da suka maye gurbin masarautun Animist da suka gabata. Firistoci suna tattaunawa da ruhohi ta hanyar rawar rawa, suna fatan shiriya da kula da gidajen mulkin jihar. Wata kungiyar matan firistocin Bori da mataimakansu sun sami jagorancin shugabar mata ta sarauta, mai taken " *Inna* ", ko "Uwar mu duka".  Inna ta kula da wannan rukunin yanar gizon, wanda ba kawai yake da alhakin kare al'umma daga muggan makamai ta hanyar rawan mallaka ba, amma wanda ke ba da warkarwa da duba a cikin masarautar.

## Bayan Musulunci da Kuma Zamani
Malaman Musulunci na farkon karni na 19 ba su yarda da addinin da aka yi amfani da shi a kotunan masarauta ba, Musulmai masu tsananin kishi za su yi amfani da wannan haɗewar a matsayin hujja don kifar da Sarakunan da kuma kafa Kalifancin Sakkwato .  Tare da haihuwar Khalifanci, an danne ayyukan bori a kotunan Fulani. Tsare-tsaren mallakar bori ya wanzu a jihohin Hausawa gudun hijirar Hausa kamar Konni da Dogondutchi (a cikin yankin da ke a yau a kudancin Nijar) da kuma wasu yankunan karkara na landasar Hausa ta Najeriya. Matsayi mai ba da shawara mai karfi na mata, wanda aka buga misali da shi a cikin matan Bori firist, ko dai ya ɓace ko kuma an sauya shi zuwa ga matan musulmai a cikin matsayin jagoranci, na ilimi, da na al'umma. Mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya da Faransa, duk da haka, ya ba da ɗan fili ga mata a cikin tsarin mulkin kai tsaye, kuma manyan mukamai, kamar Bori, ga mata cikin shugabanci galibi sun ɓace a tsakiyar ƙarni na 20. 

A cikin kasar Hausa ta Musulmai ta zamani, al'adar bori ta wanzu a wasu wuraren ta hanyar aiwatar da ayyukan kama-karya. An *kara ruhin Maguzaci na zamanin* "babbaku" na Maguzaci tare da ruhohin "Musulmai" (" *farfaru* "), da ruhohin (ko wakiltar) sauran kabilun, har ma da na Turawan mulkin mallaka. Abubuwan warkarwa da sa'a na 'yan wasan Bori, kusan mata gabaɗaya, suna ba da sabon matsayin zamantakewar jama'a don al'adunsu da masu aikatawa.  Ƙungiyoyin al'adun bori, waɗanda aka ware daga tsarin mulki, suna ba da cikakkiyar asalin kamfani ga matan da suke nasu ta hanyar aikin warkarwa na gargajiya, haka kuma ta hanyar yin bikin Bori kamar *al'adar* fara girka. 

A cikin mallakan ruhu a duk faɗin Afirka jinsi na mallakan ruhu yana fifiko kan jinsi na masu mallaka. Namiji wanda yake da ruhu na mace don dalilai na al'ada yana ɗaukar halayen mace, yayin da mace da ke da ruhun namiji take ɗaukar halayen mutum. Wannan galibi bashi da mahimmanci ga rayuwar yau da kullun. Ultsungiyoyin mallakar mallakar Bori suna wanzu a cikin ƙasashe a duk Afirka da sunaye daban-daban. Koyaya ana samunta ne kawai a cikin wasu ƙabilu kuma kwata-kwata basa cikin mafi yawa.

## Kara karantawa
* Adeline Masquelier . *Addu'a ta Bata Komai: Mallaka, Iko, da kuma Shaida a Garin Musulunci na Nijar* . Jami'ar Duke ta Press (2001).  .
* Adeline Masquelier (bita): *Girkaa: Une ceremonie d'initiation au culte de mallakan boorii des Hausa de la region de Maradi* na Veit Erlmann, Habou Magagi. *Jaridar Addini a Afirka*, Vol. 22, Fasc. 3 (Agusta 1992), shafi.&nbsp;277–279.
* Adeline Masquelier . "Walƙiya, Mutuwa da Ruhohin Fansa:'imar 'Bori' a Duniyar Musulmai". *Jaridar Addini a Afirka*, Vol. 24, Fasc. 1 (Fabrairu 1994), pp.&nbsp;2–51.
* Kari Bergstrom "Haƙiƙan Mulkin Mallaka da Musulunci ga Matan Hausawa: Nazari na Tarihi, 1804-1960" . Takardun Dalibi na Makarantar Digiri na Jami'ar Michigan a cikin Mata da Takardar Tattaunawar Internationalasa ta Duniya # 276 (2002).
* Jacqueline Cogdell Djedje. "Nau'in Waƙoƙi da Salon Aiki a Hausance da Wakokin Dagomba (Bori)". *Hangen Baƙi a Waƙa*, Vol. 12, A'a. 2 (Kaka na 1984), shafi na.&nbsp;166-182.
* IM Lewis, S. al-Safi Hurreiz (eds). *Magungunan Mata, ultungiyar Zar-Bori a Afirka da yondarshe* . Edinburgh University Press (1991). ISBN&nbsp; .
* Fremont E. Besmer. "Ationaddamarwa cikin Bungiyar 'Bori': Nazarin Bincike a Garin Ningi". *Afirka: Jaridar Cibiyar Afirka ta Duniya*, Vol. 47, A'a. 1 (1977), shafi na.&nbsp;1–13.
* Frank Salamone. "Addini a Matsayin Wasa: Bori, 'Abokin Aboki' Mayya". *Jaridar Addini a Afirka*, Vol. 7, Fasc. 3 (1975), shafi na.&nbsp;201-211.
* Umar Habila Dadem Danfulani. " Abubuwan da ke Taimakawa ga Cutar Kungiyoyin Bori a Arewacin Najeriya ". *Numen*, Vol. 46, A'a. 4 (1999), shafi na.&nbsp;412–447.
* AJN Tremearne. *Haramcin Bori: Aljanu da Rawar Aljanu a Yammaci da Arewacin Afirka* . London: Heath Cranton (1919).
* AJN Tremearne. "Aqidun Bori da Bukukuwa". *Jaridar Royal Institute of Anthropological Institute ta Burtaniya da Ireland*, Vol. 45, Janairu - Yuni 1915 (Janairu - Yuni 1915), pp.&nbsp;23–68.
* Ross S. Kraemer. "Canza Mata zuwa Tsarin Kirkirar Kiristanci". *Alamomi*, Vol. 6, A'a. 2, Nazarin Canji (Huntun 1980), shafi na.&nbsp;298-307
* IM Lewis. "Rukunan Mallaka da Karkatar ultsungiyoyi". *Mutum*, Sabon Sauti, Vol. 1, A'a. 3 (Satumba 1966), shafi na.&nbsp;307–329.

## Manazarta