Tsare-tsare rage iskar kudi

**Tsare-tsare na Rage Iskar Kuɗi (ERCS)** tsare-tsare ne waɗanda ke ba da lada mai kyau na tattalin arziƙi ko zamantakewa don rage fitar da iskar gas, ta hanyar rarrabawa ko sake rarraba kuɗin ƙasa ko ta hanyar buga takardun shaida, maki lada, kuɗin gida, ko ƙarin kuɗi.

## Idan aka kwatanta da sauran kayan rage hayaki
Kudin rage hayaki ya sha bamban da kiredit mai fitar da hayaki. Ƙimar kiredit ɗin fitar da iskar gas tana ƙididdige ƙimar ta ƙasa da matakin da kiredit ke ba da haƙƙin ƙazanta. Ƙimar ƙimar ƙima ta ƙarshe tana samuwa ne lokacin da aka mika shi don gujewa tara tarar fitarwa.

Har ila yau, Kuma kuɗin rage fitar da hayaki ya sha bamban da na carbon diyya na son rai inda ake biyan kuɗi, yawanci don tallafawa madadin makamashi ko sake dazuzzuka, sannan rage fitar da hayaki da ke haifar da shi don rage ko soke masu biyan alhakin hayakin da kansu ke samarwa. Ƙimar kashe kuɗi yana cikin riƙe shi ta hannun mai siye kuma yana aiki ne kawai don lokaci da manufar da aka aiwatar akansa.

Kuɗin rage fitar da hayaki, akasin haka, shine kawai abin ƙarfafawa ga canjin ɗabi'a ta mutane ko ƙungiyoyi. shiyasa Don haka kuɗin yana haifar da ƙarin fa'idar tattalin arziƙi don rage fitar da hayaki dabam da farashin da aka sanya ta hanyar isassun hayaki na ƙasa ko kuma farashi na son rai da mai siyan ya ɗauka.

Ba za a iya musanya kuɗaɗen rage fitar da hayaki a cikin tsarin ƙasa da tsarin ciniki ba don haka ba sa ba da wani haƙƙin ƙazanta.

Duk da yake babu tsarin rage fitar da hayaki da ya cimma ma'auni na tsarin ƙididdige ƙirƙira, akwai wasu ƙananan tsare-tsare da ke aiki ko kuma ana kafa su. Sannan Kuma  Bugu da kari akwai hanyoyi da dama da a halin yanzu ake hasashen cewa kungiyoyi da dama, cibiyoyin ilimi da masu tunani ke gabatarwa .

Tsarukan rage fitar da hayaki a zahiri sun haɗa da tsarin kuɗin carbon amma kuma sun haɗa da tsare-tsaren da ke rage hayaki ta hanyoyin daban-daban kamar ta hanyar rage sharar gida da ilimin al'umma.

## Tarihi
Buckminster Fuller ne ya fara ba da shawarar tsarin tsarin arzikin duniya bisa madadin samar da makamashi a cikin littafinsa na shekarata 1969 *Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth* . Garry Davis ne ya yi gwajin wannan ra'ayi wanda ya rarraba wadannan "daloli na kilowatt" a taron kolin Duniya na shekarar 1992 da aka gudanar a Rio de Janeiro .   Edgar Kempers da Rob Van Hilton sun kaddamar da kudin Kiwah (kilowatt hour) a taron Copenhagen Climate Summit a  shekarata 2009.

## Rukunin tsarin rage fitar da hayaki
Ana iya tsara tsarin rage fitar da hayaki a matsayin na ɗaya ko fiye na rukuni biyar:

### Shirye-shiryen taken carbon
Gabatar da ayyukan kula da ƙasa mai dorewa a cikin dazuzzukan dazuzzukan wurare masu zafi da sauran manyan mahalli na carbon na iya haifar da  hayaki daga sharer ƙasa wanda wataƙila ya faru ko kuma daga ƙarin rarrabuwar CO2 .

Ana iya amfani da ƙasar da aka saya da sarrafa don waɗannan dalilai don ƙirƙirar haƙƙin carbon mai zaman kansa,  wanda ƙila ko ƙila ba za a iya gane shi a cikin tsarin kiredit na hayaki ba. Misali, a halin yanzu ana iya jujjuya halittun halittun sama da ƙasa sakamakon sauye-sauyen amfani da ƙasa zuwa ƙididdige ƙididdige ƙirƙira a ƙarƙashin Kyoto Protocol Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Haɓaka carbon ɗin ƙasa saboda wasu dalilai ban da sake dazuzzuka ko dai ta hanyar canje-canje ga ayyukan sarrafa ƙasa ko Kuma ta hanyar binne biochar a halin yanzu ba a haɗa su cikin tsarin kiredit kamar CDM. 

Ana iya siyar da waɗannan takaddun takaddun take na doka azaman nau'in kuɗi ba tare da amfani da su azaman kashewa ba, suna ba da ƙarin fa'idodin tattalin arziki. Sannan Gidauniyar Carbon Currency Foundation ce ta ba da shawarar wannan amfani. 

Wani tsarin rage fitar da hayaki da aka tsara akan wannan shine ECO, aikin The Next Nature Lab wanda wani yunƙuri ne na Jami'ar Fasaha ta Eindhoven a Netherlands.  

### Shirye-shiryen rangwame na haɓakawa
Tsarin rage fitar da hayaki bisa rangwamen talla shine wanda ake samun lada ga mahalarta don rage hayakinsu ta hanyar samun maki wanda za'a iya fanshi don rangwame daga tallace-tallacen kasuwanci a cikin tsarin daya dace 

RecycleBank  ɗaya ne irin wannan makirci inda mahalarta suke auna kayan da aka sake fa'ida a cikin kwandon shara na musamman da aka kera waɗanda ke nuna kansu zuwa ma'auni da ke cikin motocin tattara shara. Recyclebank kuma yana samun tallafin gwamnatocin birni waɗanda ke siya da sarrafa kayan aikin da ake buƙata, barin RecycleBank ya yi aiki a matsayin mai zaman kansa don kamfani mai riba. Wani makirci mai kama da haka shine GreenOps LLC, shirin lada na sake amfani da al'umma wanda ɗan kasuwa Anthony Zolezzi ya kafa,   wanda daga baya ya sayar da shi zuwa Gudanar da Sharar gida,   ya zama Greenopolis Recycling Rewards.   Greenopolis ya ba da maki lada ga masu amfani daga shekarar 2008-2012 ta hanyar gidajen yanar gizon kafofin watsa labarun, Wasannin Facebook   da kwalban kuma suna iya sake yin amfani da su ta PepsiCo Dream Machines.   An sanya Injinan Mafarki a harabar kwaleji,  kantin kayan miya da sansanonin soja  a duk faɗin Amurka kuma sun tattara fiye da kwalaben filastik miliyan 4 a farkon farkon fara amfani da su.  Oceanopolis, wani wasan Facebook ne da Greenopolis ya kirkira don sanya al'adar sake amfani da su cikin daɗi da nishadantarwa,  Al Gore ya gane shi a shekarata 2011 Games for Change Festival a Jami'ar New York, yana mai cewa "Abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan kamar Trash Tycoon sun ƙarfafa ni. da Oceanopolis, kuma dukkansu sun karfafa tunanina a wannan yanki." A ƙarshe, Recyclebank da Greenopolis za su haɗu  bayan saka hannun jari a Bankin Recycle ta Gudanar da Sharar gida.  A cikin shekarata 2019, RecycleBank an siyi ta hanyar Recycle Track Systems (RTS). 

EarthAid  yana amfani da software na musamman wanda ke buga lissafin kuɗi daga kamfanoni a cikin tsarin kan layi wanda mahalarta zasu iya rabawa tare da dangi da abokai. Rage amfani da makamashi yana samun maki lada waɗanda za a iya fanshi don kyaututtuka a kasuwancin da ke cikin hanyar sadarwar ladan EarthAid. 

### Shirye-shiryen rarrabawa
Tsarin rage fitar da hayaki bisa ga kasafi shine wanda ake baiwa kowane mahalarta daidai gwargwado na kudaden fitar da hayaki. Sannan Kuma  Mahalarta sai su yi musayar kayayyaki da ayyuka tare da juna don samun isassun kuɗin da za su biya ainihin hayakin da suke fitarwa. Manufar shirin rabo shine don samun daidaito tsakanin mahalarta game da rage hayaki.

Technically an emission crediting makirci, wani kasafi makirci ne classed a matsayin wani emissions rage hayaki tsarin domin ciniki na kudin tsakanin daidaikun mutane kamar yadda ake nema na iya haifar da wata babbar kasuwar ciniki inda kudin zai iya aiki a matsayin matsakaici na musayar, da kuma wannan ciniki. Kuma  yana haifar da ƙarin ƙimar tattalin arziƙi mai inganci mai alaƙa da raguwar hayaƙi.

Bankin Albarkatun Duniya  ƙungiya ɗaya ce da ke ba da shawarar irin wannan tsarin rabon duniya.

### Tsarin rabon hayaki
In ba haka ba, an san shi azaman ciniki na carbon na sirri, tsarin rage hayaƙin hayaki bisa ga ragi yana ɗaukan daidaitaccen rabon hayaki wanda aka yarda da shi ga matsakaicin ɗan ƙasa wanda ke raguwa cikin lokaci.

Mahalarta da ke amfani da ƙasa da adadin da aka raba suna karɓar kuɗin da za a iya kasuwanci tare da waɗanda ke fitarwa fiye da adadin da aka yarda. Kuma Duk mahalarta sunyi alƙawarin gabaɗaya su kasance ƙasa da matsakaici tare da ƙima mai kyau a cikin tsarin.

Ƙungiyoyin Rarraba Rarraba Carbon   (CRAGs), waɗanda aka fara a cikin United Kingdom, suna da hanyar sadarwar ƙungiyoyin duniya. Mahalarta CRAG suna amfani da madaidaicin matsakaici don ƙasar a matsayin tushen adadin da aka raba. Sannan Mahalarta da ke fitarwa a sama da matakan rabo dole ne su biya waɗanda ke ƙasa da kuɗin kuɗin ƙasa. 

Tsibirin Norfolk, Ostiraliya yana kan aiwatar da tsarin ciniki na carbon na son rai na gabaɗayan tsibiri wanda Farfesa Garry Egger na Jami'ar Kudancin Cross ya tsara, 

### Tsare-tsaren kuɗin kuɗi na al'umma
Tsarin rage fitar da hayaki na al'umma shine nau'in kuɗaɗen gida na C4 wanda al'amuran kuɗaɗen gida ke tallafawa ta hanyar rage hayaƙi na membobin tsarin. Kuɗin gida, lokacin da wasu membobin ko kasuwancin gida suka karɓi don ciniki, Kuma ta haka ne ke ba wa mahalarta kyauta don ƙoƙarinsu na rigakafin dumamar yanayi. Waɗannan kuɗaɗen na iya samun nau'ikan juzu'i daban-daban na canzawa zuwa ajiyar carbon, makamashi mai sabuntawa,  ko kuɗin ƙasa.

Edogawatt wani nau'i ne na rage fitar da hayaki da ake amfani da shi a Edogawa, Tokyo wanda wani yunƙuri ne na haikalin Jōdo Shinshū Jukou-in na gida. Sannan  Kuma A cikin wannan makirci, haikalin da masu bautar sun sayi fale-falen hasken rana kuma suna sayar da wuce gona da iri ga Kamfanin Lantarki na Tokyo . Sai haikalin ya ɗauki bambanci tsakanin farashin da Kamfanin Lantarki na Tokyo ya biya da farashin da ake biya na makamashin halitta a Jamus kuma yana sayar da Takaddun Takaddun Wutar Lantarki a matsayin mai tara kuɗi don haikalin. Kuma  Ana ba masu siyan Takaddun Takaddun Wutar Lantarki 30 Edogawatt takardar shaida. “A halin yanzu ana amfani da waɗannan a tsakanin mutane… a matsayin takardar shaidar bashi ko wajibci a musayar jarirai, ɗaukar kaya, fassara da sauran ƙananan ayyuka. Sun ba da kwarin gwiwa don samar da al'ummar taimakon juna a cikin al'umma kuma muna so mu sanya su zama makami don zurfafa zumunci da amincewa." 

http://www.qoin.org/what-we-do/past-projects/kyoto4all/  Kyoto4All rahoto ne na 2006 da Peter van Luttervelt, David Beatty da Edgar Kampers suka rubuta na Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Holland (wanda ake kira VROM). Binciken ya bayyana jerin tsarin kuɗi don haɗa 'yan ƙasa-masu amfani da maƙasudin sauyin yanayi na lokacin bayan Kyoto.

The Maia Maia Emissions Reduction Currency System,    wani tsari ne da aka kirkira a Yammacin Ostiraliya. Ana san kuɗin tsarin da “boya”, mai suna bayan kalmar Nyungar ta ƴan asalin ƙasar don alamun kasuwancin dutse da su ke amfani da su. Kowane boya yana dogara ne akan kilogiram 10 na carbon dioxide daidai da rigakafin dumamar yanayi wanda yayi daidai da $ 100 tonne CO2-e Kudin zamantakewa na carbon, wanda ya kai matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙima daga binciken da aka yi bitar takwarorinsu. Fitowar boyar ta farko ta faru ne a ranar 30 ga Janairu, shekarata 2011 a Fremantle, Western Australia a wani taron da Hukumar Kula da Permaculture ta Duniya da Gidauniyar Gaia ta Western Australia suka shirya.  Sauran masu fitar da Boya sun hada da Jami'ar Vermont da a Ostiraliya, makarantun firamare, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, da ƙungiyar unguwanni.

Cibiyar Sadarwar Liquidity,  wani yunƙuri na Gidauniyar don Tattalin Arziki na Dorewa yana ba da shawara don gabatar da kuɗin rage fitar da hayaki na al'umma a cikin gundumar Kilkenny a Ireland. Kuma A halin yanzu shawara tana gaban majalisa don nazari.

### Shirye-shiryen samun kuɗi
Ƙimar rage fitar da hayaki da aka samu ana tallafawa ne ta ƙimar kuɗin kuɗin ƙirtun hayaki ko kuma an tabbatar da shi ƙarƙashin tsarin tsari ko wasu samfuran kuɗi da aka samu daga gare su. Ana iya canza waɗannan ƙididdiga zuwa kuɗin fiat ta hanyar canja wurin mallakar kadarorin da ke cikin ƙasa kamar siyar da ƙirƙira ƙirƙira zuwa kasuwa da kasuwanci.

Ven kuɗi ne mai kama- da-wane da cibiyar sadarwar zamantakewa ta Hub Culture ta fitar. An ƙayyade ƙimar Ven akan kasuwannin kuɗi daga kwandon kuɗi da kayayyaki. Sannan Za a iya rarraba Ven a matsayin kuɗin rage hayaki saboda an haɗa makomar carbon a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin kayayyaki da ake amfani da su don darajar kuɗin.

Carbon Manna  wani tsari ne da aka tsara wanda zai yi amfani da kuɗin da aka samu daga ƙididdigar ƙididdigewa kafin siyar da shi daga ayyukan rage hayaki da aka haɗa don mayar da masu amfani kai tsaye ko kuma shigar da su cikin nasarar wayar hannu M-PESA da ake amfani da ita a ƙasashe masu tasowa don rage farashin hada-hadar kuɗi. da kuma shinge kan sauyin kudi. 

## Duba wasu abubuwan

* NORI alama

## Manazarta