Andrea Brand

**Andrea Hilary Brand** (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga Maris, 1959)  shi ne Farfesa na Herchel Smith na Molecular Biology kuma Fellow na Kwalejin Yesu, Cambridge . Tana jagorantar dakin gwaje-gwaje da ke binciken ci gaban tsarin juyayi   a Cibiyar Gurdon  da Sashen Physiology, Development da Neuroscience.     Ta haɓaka Tsarin GAL4/UAS tare da Norbert Perrimon  wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "saki na sojojin Switzerland na kwari".      

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Brand a Amurka, inda mahaifinta ya kasance masanin tattalin arziki a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a New York . Ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar Kasa da Kasa ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a New York kuma a shekarar 1977, ta yi wahayi zuwa gare ta da aikin Rosalind Franklin, ta koma Burtaniya don karatun ilmin sunadarai a Jami'ar Oxford .  Ta yi karatu a Oxford daga 1977 zuwa 1981, inda ta sami digiri na farko na Arts tare da girmamawa. Daga can ta tafi Laboratory na Molecular Biology a Jami'ar Cambridge .  Ta kasance a can daga 1981 zuwa 1986, a wannan shekarar an ba ta Ph.D. .  

## Ayyuka da bincike

### Ayyukan postdoctoral
Daga nan sai ta shiga aikin bincike na postdoctoral a kan rubutun yisti a Jami'ar Harvard,  inda daga 1986 zuwa 1988 ta kasance Helen Hay Whitney Fellow a Sashen Biochemistry, wanda ke da alaƙa da dakin gwaje-gwaje na Mark Ptashne.  Bayan ta yanke shawarar sauya daga ilmin kimiyyar halittu zuwa ilmin kimiyiyar kwakwalwa,  Brand ta koma a ƙarshen shekarun 1980 zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje na Norbert Perrimon a Sashen Genetics a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Harvard, inda daga 1988 zuwa 1993 ta kasance Fellow na Musamman na Leukemia Society. 

A can ne Brand ya yi tunanin tsarin GAL4, wanda Lancet ya bayyana a matsayin "kayan aiki mai basira wanda ke ba da damar masu bincike su kunna kwayoyin halitta a kowane nau'in tantanin halitta kuma a kowane lokaci na ci gaba, kuma ta haka ne injiniya da gwada aikin kwayoyin halitta da sunadarai. Tasirin wannan tsarin a kan kwayoyin halitta na tsuntsaye suna da wuya a cikin nau'ikan kwayoyin halitta masu shayarwa na tsuntsayen tsuntsaye na Swiss.

### Wellcome Trust / Cibiyar Nazarin Ciwon daji ta Burtaniya Gurdon
Daga 1993 zuwa 2003, Brand ya kasance Babban Fellow na Wellcome Trust a cikin Binciken Biomedical na asali a Cibiyar Gurdon ta Wellcome Trust / Cibiyar Nazarin Ciwon daji ta Burtaniya. Daga 2003 zuwa 2007, ta kasance Darakta na Bincike a cikin Neurobiology na Ci Gaban a wannan ma'aikatar. Tun daga shekara ta 2005 ta kasance Babban Jagoran Kungiyar a can, kuma tun daga shekara ta 2007 ta kasance Farfesa na Herchel Smith na Molecular Biology a wannan ma'aikatar da kuma Sashen Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Jami'ar Cambridge . 

A cikin waɗannan shekarun Brand ta yi aiki a kan ci gaban tsarin juyayi wanda Royal Society ta bayyana a matsayin "mai gabatarwa".  A cewar Royal Society, bincikenta game da tsarin juyukan 'ya'yan itace "ya haifar da sabbin fahimta game da ilmin halitta na ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi, da kuma ikon neurons don sake farfadowa bayan lalacewa.  Bugu da ƙari, Brand "ya gano sabon rawar da ke takawa ga mahimmin mai sarrafawa a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta na ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, wanda ke ƙoƙarin gano sabbin kwayoyin halitta na ƙwayawa ga ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyi na ƙwayohin ƙwaƙwalwa na ƙwaƙwalwa na ƙwaƙwayoyin cutawa, wanda ke neman ƙwaƙwalyar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta na ƙwayar ƙwaƙwal. Manufar aikin ita ce koyon yadda za a sarrafa sel don samar da neuron mai kyau a wuri mai kyau a lokacin da ya dace. Ɗaya daga cikin furotin, wanda aka sani da sunan Prospero, yana da alhakin daidaita ƙwayoyin halitta don samar da ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke samar da neurons. Ba tare da furotin na Prospero ba, ciwon daji ya haifar.

Brand ya ba da wannan bayanin "Ingilishi mai sauƙi" game da aikinta: "Daya daga cikin burin bincike a cikin neurobiology shine gyara ko sake farfado da neurons bayan lalacewar kwakwalwa ko kashin baya. Kafin mu fahimci yadda za mu gyara tsarin juyayi, duk da haka, dole ne mu fara koyon yadda aka haɗa tsarin juyyar. Daga cikin dukkan kyallen takarda da gabobin jikin mutum tsarin juyayi shine mafi rikitarwa da rikitarwa, wanda ya kunshi fiye da tiriliyan neurons guda ɗaya. Wadannan neurons suna yin daidaitattun haɗi tare da juna don samar da cibiyoyin sadarwa masu aiki waɗanda zasu iya watsa bayanai a sauri mai ban mamaki a kan nesa mai nisa.

## Manazarta