Dokar Rarraba Aure na Yara

**Dokar hana auren yara**, 1929, ta wuce a ranar 28 ga Satumba 1929, a cikin Majalisar Dokokin Daular Indiya, ta kafa mafi ƙarancin shekarun aure ga 'yan mata a shekaru 14 da maza a shekaru 18. A shekara ta 1949, bayan samun 'yancin kai na Indiya, an yi gyare-gyare don daidaita shekarun aure a 15 ga 'yan mata, kuma a shekara ta 1978 a 18 ga' yan mata da 21 ga yara maza. An san shi da **Dokar Sarda**, bayan mai tallafawa Harbilas Sarda . Ya fara aiki watanni shida bayan haka a ranar 1 ga Afrilu 1930 kuma an yi amfani da shi ga duk Indiya ta Burtaniya.   Ya kasance sakamakon yunkurin sake fasalin zamantakewa a Indiya. Duk da adawa mai karfi daga hukumomin Burtaniya, Gwamnatin Indiya ta Burtaniya wacce ke da mafi yawan Indiyawa ta zartar da dokar. Koyaya, ba ta da aiwatarwa daga gwamnatin Indiya ta Burtaniya, galibi saboda tsoron hukumomin Burtaniya da ke rasa goyon baya daga ƙungiyoyin kwaminisanci na Hindu da Musulmi masu aminci.

## Tsarin doka
An gabatar da takardun kudi daban-daban da ke magance tambayoyi game da mafi ƙarancin shekarun yarda a cikin majalisun dokokin Indiya kuma an ci su. A cikin 1927, Rai Sahib Harbilas Sarda ya gabatar da Dokar auren Yara ta Hindu a Majalisar Dokoki ta Tsakiya . A karkashin matsin ra'ayi na duniya, masu sauya zamantakewar al'umma a Indiya da masu kishin kasa na Indiya, Gwamnati ta tura Bill ga wani kwamitin da ake kira Age of Consent Committee karkashin jagorancin Sir Moropant Visavanath Joshi, memba na gida na larduna na tsakiya. Sauran mambobin kwamitin sun kasance Arcot Ramasamy Mudaliar, Khan Bahadur Mathuk, Mian Imam Baksh Kadu, Mrs. O. Brieri Beadon, Rameshwari Nehru, Satyendra Chandra Mitra, Thakur Dass Bhargava, Maulvi Muhammad Yakub, Mian Sir Muhammad Shah Nawaz da MD Sagane a matsayin Sakatare.

Taron Mata na Indiya, Kungiyar Mata ta Indiya da Majalisar Mata ta Kasa a Indiya, ta hanyar membobinsu sun haɓaka kuma sun bayyana gardamar don tallafawa haɓaka shekarun aure da yardar a gaban Kwamitin Joshi. Mata Musulmai sun gabatar da ra'ayoyinsu ga Kwamitin Joshi don tallafawa tsawo iyakar shekarun aure koda kuwa sun san cewa za su fuskanci adawa daga Musulmi Ulemas. 

Kwamitin Joshi ya gabatar da rahotonsa a ranar 20 ga Yuni 1929 kuma Majalisar Dokokin Daular ta zartar da shi a ranar 28 ga Satumba 1929 kuma ya zama doka a ranar 1 ga Afrilu 1930 wanda ya kai ga dukan Indiya ta Burtaniya. Ya kafa 14 da 18 a matsayin shekarun aure ga 'yan mata da maza bi da bi na dukkan al'ummomi.

## Ma'anar
Dokar Rarraba Aure na Yara ita ce batun farko na sake fasalin zamantakewa wanda mata masu tsari suka ɗauka a Indiya. Sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunkasa muhawara kuma sun yi amfani da na'urar takardar neman zabe kuma sun ba da gudummawa ga fagen siyasa.

'Yan siyasa masu goyon bayan sake fasalin, kamar Motilal Nehru, an kama su ba tare da kulawa ba lokacin da ƙungiyar mata da aka shirya ta sadu da shugabannin don neman goyon bayansu ga lissafin. Kungiyar mata ta Indiya ta matsawa 'yan siyasa don goyon bayan lissafin, suna tsaye a waje da wakilan su suna riƙe da allon kuma suna ihu da taken kamar 'idan kun yi adawa da lissafin Sarda, duniya za ta yi maka dariya'. Har ila yau, wannan rukuni ne ya tura, kuma a ƙarshe ya yi nasarar sa Gandhi ya magance mugunta na auren yara a cikin jawabinsa. Za'a iya ba da nasarar da aka samu ga ƙungiyar mata, wanda ya gabatar da aikin a matsayin hanyar da Indiya za ta nuna jajircewarta ga zamani. Da yake bayyana cewa za su fara yin dokokinsu, ba tare da tasirin maza ba, ƙungiyar mata ta kawo 'yancin mata masu sassaucin ra'ayi zuwa gaba.

Kodayake wannan nasara ce ga ƙungiyar mata a Indiya, aikin da kansa ya kasance cikakkiyar gazawar. A cikin shekaru biyu da watanni biyar, lissafi ne mai aiki, akwai gurfanar da 473, daga cikinsu 167 ne kawai suka yi nasara. Jerin ya ci gaba da samun 'yanci 207, tare da shari'o'i 98 har yanzu suna jiran watan Agusta 1932. Daga cikin shari'o'in da suka samu nasara 167, 17 ne kawai suka yi ko dai duk ko kuma wani ɓangare na hukuncin su. Yawancin shari'o'in sun kasance a Punjab da lardunan United.

An samu ƙididdigar jama'a a shekara ta 1931 a lokacin rani na shekara ta 1933 don ba da rahoton matsayi game da yadda lissafin ke yi: yawan mata a ƙarƙashin goma sha biyar ya karu daga miliyan 8.5 zuwa miliyan 12, amma yawan mazaje a ƙarƙashin shekaru goma sha biyar sun tafi daga 3 zuwa fiye da miliyan 5. Adadin matan da ba su kai shekara biyar ba sun ninka sau huɗu (asalin lambobin sun kasance kusan 218,500, wanda daga nan ya harbe har zuwa 802,200). Kashi na yara gwauraye ya ragu daga kimanin 400,000 zuwa kimanin 320,000. Kodayake waɗannan lambobin suna da ban mamaki, a cikin watanni shida tsakanin lokacin da aka wuce shi da lokacin da ya zama lissafi mai aiki, an ba da shawarar cewa kimanin 'yan mata miliyan uku da maza miliyan biyu ne kawai aka tilasta su cikin auren yara; mafi yawan waɗannan auren sun kasance tsakanin yara Musulmai. Koyaya, rahoton ƙididdigar lissafin ya nuna cewa dokar ta kai kuma ta shafi jama'a, koda kuwa lambobin ba su da yawa.

Koyaya, Dokar ta kasance wasiƙa ce a lokacin mulkin mallaka na mulkin mallaka a Indiya. Kamar yadda Jawaharlal Nehru ya ce, wannan ya kasance babba saboda gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Burtaniya ba ta yi wani abu ba don yada wayar da kan jama'a game da shi, musamman a ƙananan garuruwa da ƙauyuka na Indiya. A cikin tarihin kansa, Nehru ya bayyana cewa wannan babba ne tunda Burtaniya ba ta son samun rashin jin daɗin abubuwan al'umma tsakanin Hindu da Musulmai. A cikin shekarun 1930, kawai jam'iyyun da ke Indiya da suka ci gaba da tallafawa mulkin Burtaniya sune waɗannan kungiyoyin hadin gwiwa. Gwamnatin Burtaniya ba ta so ta rasa goyon bayansu, saboda haka sun guji aiwatar da wannan da irin wannan sauye-sauyen zamantakewa, a maimakon haka suna mai da hankali kan hana yunkurin 'yancin Indiya. Ta haka ne sanannen "Dual Policy" ya hana duk wani gagarumin gyare-gyare na zamantakewa a Indiya.

## Dubi kuma

* Dokar Shekarar Yarjejeniya, 1891

## Manazarta