Eleazar beRabbi Qallir

Eleazar beRabbi Qallir (Ibrananci: אלעזר בירבי קליר, an fassara shi da roman: ʾElʿāzār beRibbi Qallir; c. 570 – c. 640), wanda aka fi sani da Eleazar ha-Kalir, [bayanin kula na 1] wani mawaƙi ne na Yahudawa na Byzantine[1] wanda aka rera waƙoƙin ibada na Ibrananci ko piyyuṭim a lokacin manyan ayyukan addini, musamman a cikin bikin Nusach Ashkenaz, da kuma a cikin Nusach na Italiya da kuma bikin Romaniote.[2] Musamman, ya rubuta waƙoƙi don Bukukuwan Hajji Uku, don bukukuwa na musamman, don ranakun mako na hali na bukukuwa, da kuma kwanakin azumi.[3][4]

## Tarihin rayuwa
Kodayake waƙoƙinsa suna da matsayi na musamman a cikin al'ada da aka buga kuma an san shi da zama a wani wuri a Gabas ta Tsakiya, takardu game da cikakkun bayanai game da rayuwarsa sun ɓace zuwa tarihi, gami da ainihin shekara da yanayin haihuwarsa da mutuwarsa. An ce ya kasance almajirin wani mawaki na Pyjyuṭim na ƙarni na 6, Yannai, wanda, bisa ga wani labari, ya yi kishi da ilimin Eleazar mafi girma kuma ya haifar da mutuwarsa ta hanyar saka kunama a cikin takalminsa wanda ya zama mai kisa.

Samuel David Luzzatto, duk da haka, ya watsar da wannan labari saboda har yanzu ana karanta piyyuṭim na Yannai. Luzzatto ya yi jayayya cewa idan Yannai mai kisan kai ne to babu wata hanyar da Yannai's piyyuṭim zai zama sananne. Bugu da ƙari, Luzzatto ya yi jayayya, Gershom ben Judah ya ambaci Yannai kuma yana amfani da girmamawa, wani abu da Gershom ba zai yi ba idan labarin gaskiya ne.

A cikin waƙoƙinsa na waƙoƙin sa yawanci yakan sanya hannu kan sunan mahaifinsa, Qallir, amma sau uku ya rubuta *Qillir*. A wasu daga cikinsu, ya kara sunan garinsa, Kirjath Sepher .  Sunan Eleazar, gida, da lokaci sun kasance batun tattaunawa da yawa a cikin wallafe-wallafen Yahudawa na zamani. Italiya, Lower Mesopotamia, da Falasdinu sun yi ikirarin masana daban-daban a matsayin ƙasar haihuwarsa. An ba da wasu tatsuniyoyi game da aikinsa.

## Hanyar waka

Amfani da neologisms da sauran abubuwan ban mamaki ya ba shi suna a matsayin marubuci mai ban mamaki, har zuwa inda wasu suka soki shi saboda rashin fahimta da kuma samun mummunar tasiri a kan Ibrananci. Ya kasance, duk da haka, yana iya rubutawa a cikin sauƙi da kai tsaye, kamar yadda waƙoƙi kamar *Epithalamium* ya nuna.

Joseph Solomon Delmedigo ya gargadi ɗalibin game da rubuce-rubucen Qallir saboda "ya yanke harshen Ibrananci a hanyar da ba ta dace ba".

Qallir shine na farko da ya kyautata dukkan liturgy tare da jerin waƙoƙi wanda muhimmin abu shine aggadah. Ya samo payṭan aikinsa daga Talmud, kuma daga tarin midrashic, wasu daga cikinsu tabbas sun ɓace yanzu, [1] don haka adana wasu al'adun aggadic da aka manta da su. [2] Qallir ya yi amfani da Littattafan Hekhalot na farko na Masu sihiri na Merkabah, kuma alamun ra'ayoyinsu da harshensu sun bayyana a cikin waƙoƙinsa.[3][1] Harshensa, duk da haka, ba na tushe ba ne, amma Ibrananci na Littafi Mai-Tsarki, wanda ya wadata da sababbin abubuwa. Sha'awarsa ga kalmomi masu ban sha'awa, maganganu masu ban shaʼawa, da kuma alamun aggadic sun sa rubuce-rubucensa da wuya a fahimta [1] - wasu sun bayyana shi a matsayin "Ibraniyawa na Robert Browning ". [4] Yawancin abubuwan da suka biyo baya sun bi halayensa na harshe; kuma sun rinjayi har ma da farkon rubutu, musamman tsakanin Karaites.[1]

Tare da farkawar karatun harshe tsakanin Yahudawa da kuma karuwar sanin ƙarshen da Larabci, an soki halayensa na harshe sosai (misali, ta Ibrahim ibn Ezra,  zargi wanda ƙarni daga baya ya rinjayi *Maskilim* a cikin raunin da suka yi na Qallir ); amma tsarin waƙoƙinsa ya kasance abin koyi wanda aka bi shi tsawon ƙarni bayan shi kuma wanda ya sami sunan "Kaliric",  (ko "Kalliri" ).

## Manazarta