Dajin Hambach

Dajin Hambach (Jamus: Hambacher Wald, Hambacher Forst (lafazin Jamus: [ˈhambaxɐ ˈfɔʁst] ⓘ), Bürgewald, Die Bürge) wani tsohon daji ne da ke kusa da Buir [de] a Arewacin Rhine-Westphalia, yammacin Jamus, tsakanin Cologne da Aachen. An shirya share shi a matsayin wani bangare na hako ma'adinan Hambach ta mai shi RWE AG. An yi zanga-zanga da sana'o'i daga 2012 don nuna adawa da wannan, kuma a cikin 2020 an kafa doka don adana abin da ya rage.

## Dajin

Dajin Hambach yana da wadata a cikin nau'ikan halittu kuma gida ga nau'ikan nau'ikan 142 da ake ganin suna da mahimmanci don kiyayewa. Ana kiran dajin "sauran yanayin yanayin sylvan wanda ya mamaye wannan yanki na filin kogin Rhine tsakanin Aachen da Cologne tun daga ƙarshen zamanin ƙanƙara". Kashi goma ne kawai na dajin Hambach ya rage, kuma sauran dajin na fuskantar barazana sosai ta hanyar hakar ma'adinin gawayi mai launin ruwan kasa. Abin sha'awa ta musamman shine yawan yawan jemagu na Bechstein, wanda ke da kariya sosai bisa ga kari na II da kari na IV na Dokokin Gidajen Turai. Ba a taɓa yin nazarin Kima da Tasirin Muhalli ba. Kotun Gudanarwa [de] da ke Cologne ta musanta wajabcin irin wannan binciken a watan Nuwamba 2017 saboda an ba da izinin ayyukan hakar ma'adinai a cikin 1970s, tun kafin nazarin Kimar Muhalli ya zama tilas.

## Ma'adinai na Lignite
Yankin yana cikin yankin Rhenish Lignite Mining Area (Jamus: Rheinisches Braunkohlerevier (de)), kuma Hambach surface mine shine mafi girma buɗaɗɗen ramin rami a Jamus, kamar na 2018. RWE AG ya mallaki ƙasar tun daga 1960s ko a baya kuma yana riƙe da izini na hukuma don share gandun daji a yankin tun daga 70. Kamfanin ya sha yin jayayya cewa dole ne a share dajin Hambach don tabbatar da samar da makamashi a nan gaba. Mai magana da yawun RWE Guido Steffen ya ce "Na san Hambach shekaru da yawa, kafin ma'adinan. Yana da babban gandun daji ... Abin takaici dole ne a yi shi. Ba muna yin haka ba saboda muna jin dadin sare bishiyoyi, amma saboda larura na tattalin arziki. Jamus na bukatar makamashi.

Tsarin da aka saba shine a tono kwal ɗin lignite/launin ruwan kasa da ke ƙarƙashinsa tare da manyan injunan tonowa sannan a ƙone shi a wutar lantarki ta tururi. Taswirar 2018 zuwa dama tana nuna girman ayyukan tono har sai lokacin. A kan wannan taswirar, Hambach Forest (a kusa da tsohon Morschenich da aka watsar) ba a nuna shi kwata-kwata, amma a ƙarƙashin ƙyanƙyashe ma'anar "yankin aiki na gaba".

## Ayyuka na farko da masu kula da muhalli suka yi (2012-2014)
Tun daga shekarar 2012, dajin Hambach ya kasance wani ra'ayi na siyasa ga masana muhalli wadanda suka yi zanga-zangar adawa da kamfanin makamashi na Jamus RWE AG saboda budadden rami na Hambach da ke makwabtaka da wurin. A fadin murabba'in kilomita 85 (kilomita 33), ma'adinan ita ce mafi girma irin sa a Turai

Wani yanki a cikin dajin ya kasance masu adawa da izinin cire lignite. Sun nemi rufe ma’adinan da kuma ceto sauran sassan dajin da ke fuskantar barazanar sarewa domin ba da damar fadada ma’adinan.

Sana'a ta farko ta kasance daga Afrilu zuwa Nuwamba 2012. Sana'a ta biyu ta fara ne a watan Satumba na 2013 kuma ta ci gaba har zuwa Maris 2014, sai kuma na uku daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba 2014.

## Kasuwanci na huɗu (2015-2018)
Lokacin na huɗu na zama ya fara ne a cikin 2015 kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa 2018. Ya ƙunshi daidaitawa tare da gidaje kusan dozin biyu da shingaye masu yawa. An kafa shingayen ne domin hana kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai da motocin 'yan sanda shiga

### BUND karar da kuma umarnin kotu
Yanayin yankan ya ƙare  1 ga Oktoba har zuwa ƙarshen Fabrairu kuma yawanci ana share hekta 70-80 a kowane lokaci. Ayyukan yankan itace a lokacin yankan 2017/2018 ya ƙare bayan kwana biyu kawai a watan Nuwamba 2017, bayan Kotun Koli ta Gudanarwa a Münster ta ba da umarnin dakatar da shi.[de] A cewar BUND, ƙungiyar kare muhalli wacce ta gabatar da karar da ta dace, Hambach Forest, tare da itacen oak, hornbeam da lily na yawan mutanen kwarin, mazaunin nau'in 9160 ne na shafi na I na Dokar Mazauna Turai (Dokar Majalisar 92/43/EEC ta 21 ga Mayu 1992).  Na musamman sha'awa a cikin wannan karar shi ne Bechstein's bat, wanda aka kare shi sosai bisa ga kari na II da kari na IV na European Habitats Directive.

### 2018 kama masu fafutuka

A ranar 22 ga Janairu, 2018, an kama wasu masu fafutukar kare gandun daji na Hambach tara saboda kin amincewa da korar shinge. Duk wadanda aka kama sun ki bayar da cikakken bayani game da ko wanene su kuma ba a san su ba a gaban shari’a da kuma a cikin dakin shari’a. Wata mai fafutuka, wacce aka 'yanta daga kulle-kullen kan tafiya, an yanke masa hukumcin watanni shida kan sakin layi bayan tsarewar da aka yi na tsawon kwanaki 67 a gidan yarin Cologne-Ossendorf [de]. An saki wasu masu fafutuka biyu bayan kwanaki 52 a tsare a gidan yari na Cologne-Ossendorf bayan binciken likita ya nuna cewa mai yiwuwa ba su kai shekara 21 ba, don haka ya kamata a sarrafa su a karkashin dokar yara.

Wani dan gwagwarmaya mai shekaru 22 daga Ostiraliya ya shiga aikin a watan Maris na shekara ta 2018 kuma ya shirya zama na makonni biyu don shiga cikin bita na Gidan itace. An kama ta a ranar 19 ga watan Maris, mako guda bayan isowarta, bayan an gano ta a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar da aka jefa masu fashewa a kan 'yan sanda. Ta yanke shawarar kada ta ba da cikakkun bayanai kuma ta yi ƙoƙari ta kasance ba a san ta ba. A sakamakon haka, an kai ta tsare kafin a yi mata shari'a (a matsayin "Ba a sani ba III" [UP III]), don haka ta rasa jirgin ta zuwa gida zuwa Ostiraliya mako guda bayan haka. A cewar mai gabatar da kara an gano ta kwana daya kafin shari'ar ta, wacce ta faru a ranar 31 ga Yulin 2018.  An yanke mata hukuncin watanni tara a kurkuku, ba tare da sallama ba. An sake ta bayan sauraron kotu a ranar 4 ga Oktoba. 

### 'Yan sanda suna share gidajen bishiyoyi (Satumba 2018)
A ranar 13 ga Satumba 2018 babban aikin 'yan sanda  ya fara ne daga Ma'aikatar Gine-gine ta Arewacin Rhine-Westphalian don fitar da gidaje fiye da hamsin na bishiyoyi waɗanda suka wanzu har zuwa shekaru shida saboda ba su bi ka'idojin tsaro na wuta ba. Don kare rayuwa da ɓangaren mazaunan gidan itace an sanar da su a matsayin muhimmiyar manufa ta aikin.

### Jarida ya fadi ya mutu
Yayin da aka ci gaba da korar, a ranar 19 ga Satumba, 2018, ɗan shekara 27 mai zane, mai rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo kuma ɗan jarida Steffen Meyn ya faɗi ta hanyar tafiya mai tsayin mita 15 a ƙauyen gidan bishiyar na Beechtown kuma ya mutu. Meyn yana aiki a kan wani shiri na dogon lokaci na ayyukan da ke cikin dajin Hambach. Ƙoƙarin farfaɗo da gaggawa ya ci tura.

Herbert Reul, ministan cikin gida na Arewacin Rhine-Westphalia ya dakatar da fitar da gidajen bishiyoyi nan da nan bayan wannan lamarin. Ya ce "Ba za mu iya ci gaba kamar yadda aka saba ba - aƙalla ba zan iya ba".

An ci gaba da aiwatar da korar a ranar 23 ga Satumba 2018. A cewar wata sanarwa ta 'yan sanda an kori dukkan gidajen bishiyoyi 86 kuma an lalata su a ranar 2 ga Oktoba 2018.

### An yanke hukuncin cewa 'yan sanda ba bisa ka'ida ba
Wata kotu a Cologne ta yanke hukunci a ranar 8 Satumba 2021 cewa an gudanar da korar ta hanyar karya ce don haka ba bisa ka'ida ba. A cewar kotun, aikin 'yan sanda, kamar yadda gwamnatin jihar North Rhine-Westphalia ta ba da izini, ya yi "kamar" don aiwatar da dokokin kare gobara lokacin da ainihin manufar ita ce share sansanin zanga-zangar.

## Kasuwanci na biyar (2018-2020)

### Umurnin kotu ya sake dakatar da izini (Oktoba 2018)
A ranar 5 ga Oktoba 2018 Kotun Koli ta Gudanarwa () ta Münster ta yanke hukuncin cewa RWE ta dakatar da Hambach Forest nan da nan har sai an iya kimanta shaidar da BUND ta kawo. Shaidar da ake tambaya ta shafi barazanar da ake yi wa yawan jemagu na Bechstein. Ana sa ran yanke hukuncin kotu na karshe a shekarar 2020. Masu fafutuka sun sake gina sabbin gidajen bishiyoyi.

### Babban zanga-zangar (Oktoba 2018)

A ranar 6 ga Oktoba 2018  akwai babban daga&#x5D;-linkid="134" href="./Demonstration_(protest)" id="mwARY" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Demonstration (protest)">-zangar "Wald retten - Kohle contrari!" (Turanci: "Ceton gandun  - Ka dakatar da kwal!") kusa da gandun  na Hambach. daga&#x5D;-linkid="136" href="./BUND" id="mwARk" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="BUND">BUND, Campact, Greenpeace, NaturFreunde Deutschlands (Abokai na Yanayi), shirye-shiryen gida  da  (AbL), da sauransu ne suka shirya shi. Da farko an shirya shi don mutane 5,000, kuma tare da mutane 25,000 da ake tsammani kafin a haramta taron na ɗan lokaci kwana BMU da suka gabata, akwai mahalarta 50,000 a cewar masu shirya taron;  'yan sanda sun amince da wasu 25,000 zuwa 30,000. Masu zanga-zangar sun yi bikin yanke shawara na kotu na baya-bayan nan a cikin yanayin biki na zaman lafiya tare da jawabai da yawa, suna buƙatar kawo ƙarshen amfani da kwal don samar da wutar lantarki. Masu magana da suka halarci sun hada da  [de] (NaturFreunde Deutschlands),    Jens Sannig (fasto),  Ulf Allhoff-Cramer (Detmold manomi),   [de] "Buirer für Buir",   [de],  Martin Kaiser (Greenpeace),  Mamadou Mbdji (Natur Freunde Internationale),  Helene Niet (Camper),  (Camp[Die Berk),  Zens)  (Birt[de]),  Her[de] Masu kiɗa daban-daban sun goyi bayan taron tare da wasan kwaikwayo na kai tsaye ciki har da  [de],  Revolverheld,     [de],  Die Höchste Eisenbahn,   [de],   [de],  Davide Martello,  da Piri-Piri. 

### 2019
Lokacin da aka ba Greta Thunberg Kyautar Kyamarar Zinare a cikin Maris 2019, ta sadaukar da kyautar ga waɗanda ke kare dajin Hambach. Daga nan sai ta ziyarci wurin, tana mai cewa "Yana ba ni matukar bakin ciki, ganin duk wannan barnar, a wannan yanki da ya kasance yanayin dazuzzuka, kuma ina jin tausayin mutanen da suka koma."

### 2020
A watan Janairun 2020, an amince da kiyaye dajin Hambach a wani babban taro na gwamnatin Jamus da na jihohi huɗu na tarayya da ya shafa. An zartar da dokar "Roadmap for Coal Phase-out" a watan Yuli.

## Gidan wasan kwaikwayo

Fayil:Hambacher_Forst_bei_Morschenich_DE_2018-09-09_F.jpg|Near Morschenich (de)September 2018
Fayil:Hambacher_Forst_2016_LBA_4703.jpg|The last pond in Hambach Forest, February 2016


## Dubi kuma
 
* Ende Gelände 2017
* Ende Gelände 2018
* September 2019 climate strikes
* 
* 
* 
* Arnold of Arnoldsweiler
* Deforestation
* Direct action
* Environmental protection
* Sophienhöhe
* 
* Forest in Germany
* Forest protection
* Akbelen Forest forest in Turkey being cut down to make way for lignite mine
* Fossil fuel phase-out
* Commission on Growth, Structural Change and Employment
* *[[Lützerath bleibt!]]*

## Bayanan da aka ambata