Regina Benjamin

**Regina Marcia Benjamin** (an haife ta a ranar 26 ga Oktoba, 1956) likita ce 'yar Amurka kuma tsohuwar mataimakiyar Admiral a Hukumar Kula da Lafiyar Jama'a ta Amurka wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Babban Likitan Fiɗa na 18 na Amurka .  Benjamin ya taba jagorantar wani asibiti mai zaman kansa mai zaman kansa a Bayou La Batre, Alabama, kuma ya yi aiki a kwamitin amintattu na Makarantar Magunguna ta Morehouse .

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Benjamin a Mobile, Alabama a ranar 26 ga Oktoba, 1956.  Ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Fairhope da ke Fairhope, Alabama, sannan ta halarci kwaleji a Jami'ar Xavier ta Louisiana da ke New Orleans,  inda aka fara karatunta a cikin reshen Gamma Alpha na Delta Sigma Theta . Ita ma memba ce a aji na biyu na kammala karatun digiri na biyu na Makarantar Magunguna ta Morehouse, sannan ta yi shirin shekaru biyu a Kwalejin Morehouse .   Ta sami digirinta na MD daga Jami'ar Alabama da ke Birmingham kuma ta kammala karatunta a fannin likitancin iyali a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tsakiyar Georgia .  Game da gogewarta a matsayinta na memba na farko a cikin iyalinta da ta halarci makarantar likitanci, ta ce "Ban taɓa ganin likita baƙar fata ba kafin na je kwaleji."  Bayan shiga aikin likitanci na kaɗaici a Bayou La Batre, Alabama, Benjamin ya yi aiki na tsawon shekaru da yawa a ɗakunan gaggawa da gidajen kula da tsofaffi don tallafawa manufarta ta kuɗi. Bayan ta sami digirin MBA daga Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Freeman a Jami'ar Tulane, ta mayar da ofishinta zuwa asibitin kiwon lafiya na karkara. 

## Sana'a
Benjamin tsohuwar shugabar kula da lafiyar karkara ce a Kwalejin Magunguna ta Jami'ar Kudancin Alabama, inda ta gudanar da shirin Alabama AHEC kuma a baya ta jagoranci Shirin Telemedicine. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Jihar Alabama (MASA) a shekara ta 2002, inda ta sanya ta zama mace 'yar Afirka ta farko da ta zama shugabar Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Jiha a Amurka.  A shekara ta 1995, an zaɓe ta a kwamitin amintattu na Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Amurka, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama likita ta farko 'yar ƙasa da shekara 40 kuma mace 'yar Afirka ta farko da aka zaɓa. Ta kuma yi aiki a Kwamitin Amintattu na Jami'ar Florida A & M, wadda Gwamnan Florida Jeb Bush ya naɗa.  Daga 2008 zuwa 2009, ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Kwamitin Amintattu na Hukumar Kula da Lafiya ta Jiha, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa da ke wakiltar kwamitocin lafiya da na ƙashi 70 na Amurka da yankunanta. 

Benjamin jami'ar diflomasiyya ce ta Hukumar Kula da Lafiyar Iyali ta Amurka kuma memba ce a Kwalejin Likitocin Iyali ta Amurka . Ta kasance memba na Kellogg National Fellow kuma shugabar Rockefeller Next Generation. Ta yi aiki a hukumomi da kwamitoci.  da kuma Majalisar 'Yan Matan Deep South Scout. 

Sakatariyar Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Ayyukan Dan Adam ta Amurka, Donna Shalala, ta naɗa ta a Kwamitin Dokar Inganta Dakunan Gwaji na Asibiti da kuma Majalisar Ilimin Likitanci na Digiri na Biyu, kuma ita ma memba ce a Kwamitin "Mataki na 3." A Alabama, ta taɓa yin aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar Hukumar Gwamna kan Tsufa, kuma a da ta taɓa zama memba na Ƙungiyar Gyaran Kula da Lafiya ta Gwamna da kuma Ƙungiyar Aiki ta Gwamna kan Lafiyar Yara.

Ta kasance mai ba da shawara mai albashi ga Burger King, wacce aka yi kwangilar bayar da shawarwari kan abinci mai gina jiki kan abubuwan da suke bayarwa. 

An lalata asibitin Benjamin a shekarar 2005 sakamakon guguwar Katrina, sannan kuma a shekarar 2006 da gobara a ranar Sabuwar Shekara, kwana ɗaya kafin a sake buɗe asibitin. Ta yi fice a kan labarai lokacin da ta sake gina asibitin a karo na biyu. 

A ranar 10 ga Maris, 2016, an sanar da cewa Benjamin zai jagoranci taron *fahimtar* cutar koda ta ƙasa na CKD.  Manufar taron ita ce samar da wata dabara mai haske da haɗin kai wadda za ta samar da taswirar canji wadda za ta ɗaga fahimtar ƙasa game da cutar koda da kuma ƙirƙirar al'ada inda gano cutar da wuri yake da muhimmanci.

A watan Yulin 2016, Benjamin ya shiga Hukumar Daraktocin Darkness to Light,  wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta kasa da ke fafutukar hana cin zarafin yara. "Wannan ba wai kawai matsala ce ga iyali ko al'umma daya ba - matsala ce ta lafiyar jama'a da ke shafar al'umma baki daya," in ji Benjamin game da batun cin zarafin yara.

### Asibitin Lafiyar Karkara na Bayou La Batre
Benjamin ita ce wadda ta kafa kuma Shugabar Asibitin Lafiya na Rural da ke Bayou La Batre a Bayou La Batre, Alabama, wani ƙaramin ƙauye mai cike da jatan lande a gefen Tekun Gulf. Benjamin ita ce batun wani labarin Reader's Digest wanda ya ba da labarin ƙoƙarinta na sake gina asibitin bayan guguwar Katrina . 

### Babban Likitan Likita na Amurka

A ranar 13 ga Yuli, 2009, Shugaba Barack Obama ya sanar da zaɓen Benjamin a matsayin Babban Likitan Likita na Amurka     kuma a matsayin Daraktan Lafiya a cikin rundunar yau da kullun ta Hukumar Lafiya ta Jama'a .  A ranar 7 ga Oktoba, 2009, Kwamitin Majalisar Dattawan Amurka kan Lafiya, Ilimi, Aiki, da Fansho ya amince da Benjamin gaba ɗaya.  Majalisar Dattawan Amurka ta amince da Benjamin gaba ɗaya a ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 2009. 

Benjamin ta amince da nadin Obama, kuma ta bayyana rashin gamsuwarta da tsarin kula da lafiya na yanzu, dangane da samun dama da kuma farashi.  Haka kuma yayin da take karɓar nadin nata, Benjamin ta bayyana wahalhalun da cututtuka da rashin lafiya suka fuskanta a cikin iyalinta. Ta lura da mutuwar ɗan'uwanta, wanda ya mutu sakamakon cutar kanjamau, da kuma mahaifinta, wanda ya mutu sakamakon hawan jini da ciwon suga, da kuma mahaifiyarta wadda ta mutu sakamakon cutar kansar huhu, waɗanda ta nuna cewa duk "cututtuka ne da za a iya hana su." 

A watan Janairun 2010, Benjamin ta fitar da takardarta ta farko, mai taken "Hasashen Babban Likitan Likita don Kasa Mai Lafiya da Inganci." A cikin ta, ta nuna yanayin da ke tayar da hankali na Amurkawa masu kiba da kiba, kuma ta bayar da tsari don ƙoƙarin jama'a don yin canje-canje da ke haɓaka lafiya da walwalar iyalai da al'ummomi.  Aikinta a wannan fanni ya ci gaba. Wani shiri ya ƙarfafa mata masu launin fata su ƙara motsa jiki kuma kada su tsallake wurin motsa jiki saboda tsoron "ɓata gashinsu" ya ba da dala 5,000 ga wanda ya lashe gasar gashi mai lafiya da motsa jiki. An yi cikakken bayani game da wannan a cikin wata hira da NPR .  A lokacin wannan hirar, an tattauna wasu shirye-shirye da dama, ciki har da kamfen ɗin yaƙi da kiba, da kuma kamfen ɗin "Million Hearts" don hana bugun zuciya miliyan ɗaya kowace shekara.

A ranar 20 ga Janairu, 2011, Benjamin ya fitar da *Kira ga Babban Likitan Likita don Tallafawa Shayarwa*, wanda wani takarda ne da aka yi bisa kimiyya da nufin ƙarfafa aiki kan inganta yawan shayarwa a Amurka.  Akwai abubuwa 20 da dabarun aiwatarwa 52 da aka ba da shawarar. 

A watan Satumba, 2012, Benjamin ya fitar da "Dabara ta Kasa don Rigakafin Kashe Kai ta 2012," wani rahoto daga Babban Likitan Amurka da Kungiyar Action Alliance". Wannan rahoton ya tattauna manufofi 13 da manufofi 60 na rage kashe kai a cikin shekaru 10 masu zuwa. A shekarar 2002, Babban Likitan David Satcher ya ƙaddamar da Dabara ta Kasa ta farko don Rigakafin Kashe Kai.  

Benjamin ya yi murabus daga mukamin Babban Likitan Likita na Amurka a ranar 16 ga Yuli, 2013. 

#### Suka
An ambaci goyon bayanta na siyasa ga samun damar zubar da ciki a matsayin tushen ce-ce-ku-ce, tunda Benjamin ɗan Katolika ne kuma Cocin Katolika yana adawa da irin wannan damar. Duk da haka, ta kuma sami lambar yabo daga Paparoma Benedict XVI .  Benjamin kuma yana cikin kwamitin kula da Ƙungiyar Lafiya ta Katolika  kuma yana aiki a cocin yankinta.  Benjamin ya yi aiki a kwamitin amintattu na Ƙungiyar Lafiya ta Katolika. Lloyd Dean, shugaban ƙungiyar lafiya ta Katolika ta Yamma, babban tsarin asibiti a California, ya amince da ita, wanda ya fitar da sanarwa yana mai cewa ya "yi farin ciki" da naɗinta. 

A lokacin tabbatar da ita, masu suka sun kuma yi ƙoƙarin sanya nauyin Benjamin a kan kansa ya zama abin cece-kuce.  

Mark Bittman, marubucin abinci *na jaridar New York Times,* ya ce Benjamin, "kamar yawancin magabatanta", ya guji jayayya, kuma ya guji sukar masana'antu. Rahoton na 2010, in ji shi, ya zargi "wadanda abin ya shafa" da cin abinci da yawa da rashin yin motsa jiki sosai, yayin da ya yi watsi da tallan abinci mara kyau, da kuma shaidar kimiyya kan gudummawar da abinci mai zaki da sukari ke bayarwa ga kiba. 

## Kyaututtuka
A shekarar 1998, ta sami kyautar Nelson Mandela ta Lafiya da 'Yancin Dan Adam a Amurka. 

Mujallar ''TIME'' ta naɗa Benjamin a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin "Shugabannin Ƙasa 50 Masu Zuwa Shekaru 40 zuwa Ƙasa." An nuna ta a cikin wani labarin jaridar *[[New York Times]]*, "Angel in a White Coat," kuma an zaɓe ta a matsayin "Mutumin Mako" ta ABC 's World News Tonight tare da Peter Jennings, "Mace ta Shekara" ta CBS This Morning, da kuma "Mace ta Shekara" ta Mujallar People . An kuma nuna ta a murfin *Mujallar Clarity* a watan Disamba na 1999 kuma ta sami kyautar Kula da Ƙasa ta 2000, wadda Mother Teresa ta yi wahayi zuwa gare ta. 

A shekara ta 2006, Paparoma Benedict XVI ya ba ta kyautar giciyen Paparoma na Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice . 

A shekarar 2008, an nada Benjamin a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Mafi Kyawun Shugabanni a Amurka ta hanyar US News &amp;amp; World Report .  A watan Satumba na 2008, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ajin 25 na wannan shekarar a cikin Shirin MacArthur Fellows, wanda aka yi wa laƙabi da "Kyautattun Kyaututtuka," tana karɓar tallafi daga Gidauniyar John D. da Catherine T. MacArthur wanda zai kai dala $500,000 a cikin shekaru biyar.  Duk da haka, a matsayinta na ma'aikaciyar tarayya, dole ne ta daina karɓar tallafin MacArthur Fellows lokacin da ta karɓi matsayin Babban Likitan Likita. 

A shekarar 2009, ta sami kyautar jagoranci ta ƙungiyar likitocin Amurka .

A shekarar 2010, an ba ta digirin girmamawa na digirin digirgir na kimiyya daga Kwalejin Dartmouth a bikin fara karatunta.

A ranar 8 ga Mayu, 2010, an ba ta digirin girmamawa na digirin digirgir na fannin magunguna daga Kwalejin Magunguna da Kimiyyar Lafiya ta Albany a bikin bikin fara karatun kwaleji na 130 wanda aka gudanar a Empire State Plaza da ke Albany, New York .

A ranar Asabar, 15 ga Mayu, 2010, Benjamin ya sami digirin girmamawa na digirin digirgir na kimiyya a Jami'ar Tulane.

A ranar 7 ga Oktoba, 2010, ta sami kyautar Trumpeter daga National Consumers League, inda ta karrama ta da shekaru da ta yi tana aiki don inganta lafiyar ƙasar.

A ranar 28 ga Mayu, 2011, ta sami digirin girmamawa na digirin digirgir na Haruffan Jin Kai daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Rensselaer, bayan haka ta gabatar da adireshin kammala karatunta na 205 a makarantar.

A ranar 18 ga Mayu, 2012, ta sami digirin girmamawa na digirin digirgir na Kimiyya daga Makarantar Likitanci da Hakori ta Jami'ar Rochester Medical Center . Ta kuma gabatar da jawabin fara karatun.

A ranar 9 ga Mayu, 2014, ta karɓi lambar yabo ta Nichols-Chancellor daga Jami'ar Vanderbilt kuma ta yi jawabi a taron Ranar Manyan Jami'o'i.

A ranar 14 ga Mayu, 2016, ta sami digirin girmamawa daga Kwalejin Elizabethtown . 

## Manazarta