Yahudawa na Igbo

**Yahudawa na Igbo** mambobi ne na Mutanen Igbo na Najeriya waɗanda ke yin Addinin Yahudanci. Wani ka'ida ne na imanin su cewa suna da alaƙa da ɗaya daga cikin kabilun da suka ɓace na Isra'ila, kabilar Gad. 

An rubuta Yahudawa a wasu sassan Najeriya tun lokacin mulkin mallaka, amma ba a san su da cewa Igbo sun yi ikirarin zuriyar Isra'ila ko kuma sun yi addinin Yahudanci kafin zamanin mulkin mallaka ba. Muhimmin ganewar Igbo tare da Yahudawa da aka tabbatar a lokacin da kuma bayan Yaƙin Biafran (1967-1970). 

Ba a yi ƙididdigar jama'a a yankin ba kuma ba a san ainihin adadin Igbo a Najeriya waɗanda ke yin addinin Yahudanci ba. An kiyasta Yahudawa 30,000 na Igbo, suna da akalla majami'u 26 na girma daban-daban, an ce sun wanzu a cikin shekara ta 2008. A cikin 2021 an ce akwai kusan 12,000-15,000 masu yin Yahudawa na Igbo a Najeriya, wanda ya ƙunshi wasu al'ummomi 70 masu aiki. An kuma ba da adadi mai ra'ayin mazan jiya na akalla 2,000-3,000 Igbo da ke yin addinin Yahudanci,  kuma a kalla 5,000,  .

## Binciken tarihi
Wata sanarwa ta farko da kuma tasiri sosai daga Olaudah Equiano, mutumin Ibo mai ilimin Kirista kuma bawa mai 'yanci, ya ba da shawarar asalin ƙaura na Yahudawa ga Ibo. Ya yi hasashe a cikin tarihin kansa na 1789 a kankwatankwacin mai ƙarfi wanda ... ya bayyana ya mamaye halaye da al'adun 'yan kasana da na Yahudawa, kafin su isa Land of Promise, kuma musamman ubanni yayin da suke cikin wannan yanayin fastoci wanda aka bayyana a cikin Farawa - kwatanci, wanda kawai zai sa ni in yi tunanin cewa mutane ɗaya sun fito ne daga ɗayan.Masana tarihi masu sukar sun sake nazarin wallafe-wallafen Afirka ta Yamma da aka buga a cikin ƙarni na goma sha tara da farkon ƙarni na ashirin. Sun bayyana ayyuka daban-daban da irin waɗannan tarihin suka yi wa marubutan da suka gabatar da su a lokuta daban-daban a cikin mulkin mallaka da bayan mulkin mallaka.

Kodayake babu wata shakka cewa Yahudawa sun kasance a cibiyoyin kasuwanci na Sahara a lokacin karni na farko AD,  babu wata shaida cewa mutanen Igbo suna da hulɗa ta zamani tare da al'ummar Yahudawa na tarihi, ko kuma a kowane lokaci sun karɓi ko yin addinin Yahudanci kafin mulkin mallaka na Turai. 

## Ayyukan addini
Ayyukan addini na Yahudawa na Ibo sun haɗa da kaciya kwana takwas bayan haihuwar yaro namiji, kiyaye dokokin abinci na kosher, rabuwa da maza da mata yayin haila, sanya tallit da Kyppah, da kuma bikin bukukuwan kamar Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, Hanukkah,  da Purim. 

## Bayyanawa na zamani
Wasu al'ummomin Najeriya da ke da ayyukan Yahudawa sun sami taimako daga kowane Isra'ila da Yahudawa na Amurka waɗanda ke aiki a Najeriya, kungiyoyin yada labarai kamar Kulanu na Amurka, da al'ummomi na Isra'ila na Black a Amurka. 
 
Rabbi Howard Gorin visited the community in 2006 and members of his synagogue, "Tikvat Israel" in Rockville, Maryland, USA, supported those in Nigeria by sending books, computers, and religious articles.

Baya ga Rabbi Howard Gorin, baƙi sun haɗa da Dokta Daniel Lis, Farfesa William F. S. Miles, mai shirya fina-finai Jeff L. Lieberman, da marubucin Amurka Shai Afsai . 

A cikin 2013 Shai Afsai ya gayyaci shugabannin Yahudawa biyu na Igbo, Elder Ovadiah Agbai da Yarima Azuka (Pinchas) Ogbukaa na majami'ar Ibrananci ta Gihon ta Abuja, zuwa Rhode Island a Amurka. Ziyarar maza biyu ta jagoranci Rabbi Barry Dolinger na Rhode Island zuwa Najeriya tare da Afsai a shekarar 2014. 

Babban abin damuwa ga Yahudawa na Ibo shine yadda za su kasance wani ɓangare na duniyar Yahudawa. A cewar Elder Pinchas (Azuka) Ogbukaa, mai magana da yawun majami'ar Gihon ta Abuja, "mafi girma daga dukkan ƙalubalen da muke fuskanta shine na warewa".

## Yahudawa na Igbo a Isra'ila
A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, yawancin Igbo sun yi hijira zuwa Isra'ila, musamman zuwa Tel Aviv. Wannan yunkuri na shige da fice za a iya bayyana shi ta hanyar karamin diaspora wanda aka kafa a Isra'ila lokacin da aka ba Najeriya 'yancin kai a shekarar 1960.  Wannan wani bangare ne saboda shirye-shiryen ilimi da Isra'ilawa suka aiwatar a sabuwar jihar Najeriya bayan shekarun 1960, shirye-shirye da suka saba da mutane da yawa da ra'ayin Isra'ila a matsayin kasa ta zamani a karon farko, da kuma yiwuwar damar da ta kasance ga Yahudawa da ke zaune a can.

Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila ba ta amince da al'ummar Yahudawa na Igbo a matsayin al'ummar Yahudanci don manufar shige da fice zuwa Isra'ila. Bugu da ƙari, babu wani daga cikin manyan addinai na addinin Yahudanci da ke la'akari da kungiyar a matsayin al'ummar Yahudawa ta ainihi. Lalle ne, yayin da suke nuna kansu a matsayin wani ɓangare na al'ummar Yahudawa ta duniya, har yanzu suna gwagwarmaya don Yahudawa su gane su a matsayin Yahudawa. Wani mai alaƙa da majami'ar Ibraniyawa ta Gihon ya bayyana wannan gwagwarmaya ga Shai Afsai a Abuja: "Muna cewa mu Yahudawa ne daga jini. Yanzu an cire mu; ba za mu iya zuwa mu shiga a matsayin Yahudawa a kowane wuri ba. Na yi kira da a gane mu, ba a cire mu ba kuma a ware mu daga wasu Yahudawa. "

Koyaya, wasu Yahudawa na Ibo a halin yanzu suna karɓar al'adun addini masu tsauri, don samun ƙarin karɓa daga al'ummar Yahudawa. Misali, Daniel Lis ya bayyana a cikin labarinsa  cewa wasu sassan al'ummar Yahudawa na Ibo suna daidaita kansu da ka'idodin addinin Yahudanci na Orthodox, don a yarda da su a duniya a matsayin Yahudawa a Isra'ila.

Duk da yake Yahudawa na Ibo suna da'awar cewa su zuriyar Isra'ilawa ne na dā, wasu suna cewa ba su da shaidar tarihi wanda zai tabbatar da zuriyarsu daga irin wannan al'umma,   kuma ba su da tabbacin ci gaba da aikin Yahudanci wanda ya kamata ya riga ya wuce hulɗar mulkin mallaka.  Rashin yiwuwar cewa jihar na iya yin irin wannan ƙuduri, da kuma rushe yiwuwar cewa ƙungiyar Yahudawa na iya gane dukan al'umma a matsayin ainihin Yahudawa shine gaskiyar cewa wasu Yahudawa na Igbo a lokaci guda suna da'awar su Krista ne, suna kiran sadaukarwarsu ga Yahudanci da da'awarsu na samun asalin Yahudawa a cikin tambaya. Daga cikinsu akwai wasu 'yan Igbo da suka yi ƙaura ba bisa ka'ida ba zuwa Isra'ila ta hanyar da'awar su Yahudawa ne da Kiristoci a lokaci guda. A cewar gwamnatin hukuma ta Isra'ila, an ba da dama ga 'yan Igbo suyi tafiya a Isra'ila don dalilan aikin hajji na Kirista, amma sun wuce biza, kuma yanzu suna zaune da aiki a kasar ba bisa ka'ida ba.

Jihar Isra'ila ba ta ba da shawarar hukuma game da ko Yahudawa na Ibo sun zama al'ummar Yahudawa da za a iya ganewa bisa doka don dalilan shige da fice zuwa Isra'ila, kuma ba a tattauna matsayinsu na doka a halin yanzu a kowane matakin a cikin jihar ba. Koyaya, Yahudawa da yawa na Ibo waɗanda suka sami juyowa zuwa addinin Orthodox ko na Conservative an yarda da su a matsayin Yahudawa a ƙarƙashin Dokar Komawa, kuma sun yi ƙaura zuwa Isra'ila.

## Dubi kuma

* Addini a Najeriya
* Kiristanci da addinin Yahudanci
* Kungiyoyin da ke da'awar alaƙa da Isra'ilawa
* Tarihin Yahudawa a Afirka
* Masu addinin Yahudanci
* Abayudaya (Uganda) 
* Beta Isra'ila (A Habasha) 
* Gidan Isra'ila (Ghana)
* Masarautar Loango #Yahudawa a Loango
* Yahudawa na Bilad el-Sudan
* Mutanen Lemba

## Manazarta