Elizabeth Anne Finn

**Elizabeth Anne Finn** (1825–1921) marubuciya ce 'yar Birtaniya kuma matar James Finn, Consul na Burtaniya a Urushalima, a Falasɗinu ta Ottoman tsakanin 1846 da 1863.  Ita da 'yarta sun kafa ƙungiyar agaji ta Distressed Gentlefolk, wadda ta riga Elizabeth Finn Care .

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Elizabeth McCaul (wanda daga baya ya zama Finn) a ranar 14 ga Maris, 1825 ga iyayen mishan a Fadar Zamoyski, Warsaw, Poland. Mahaifinta, Reverend Alexander McCaul, ƙwararren masani ne a fannin Ibrananci kuma ya yi aiki a ƙungiyar London Society for Promoting Christianity Amidst the Jews . Ta bayyana a cikin *littafinta na Tunawa*  a matsayin wanda ya 'sadaukar da rayuwarsa ga abin da ya ɗauka a matsayin mafi kyawun alheri ga mutanen Yahudawa, da kuma ta hanyarsu ta duk duniya.'

Tun tana ƙarama Elizabeth Finn ta haɗa sha'awar ilimi da son aikin gida. Ba tare da ilimin boko ba, Elizabeth ta sami ilimin harsuna da yawa na ƙasashen waje, ta zama mace mai yawan magana da yawa tun tana ƙarama. Wani mai bin addinin Yahudanci, Rav Avrohom, ya koyar da ita da Ibrananci. Lokacin da aka ga tana da ikon karatu da kanta tun tana 'yar shekara huɗu, ta sami Littafi Mai Tsarki nata a Turanci. A lokacin da ta cika shekara ɗaya, ta sami Littafi Mai Tsarki na Jamusanci. A wannan lokacin ta iya magana da Yiddish sosai. Ta fara karantawa kuma ta gano Shakespeare a cikin fassarar Jamusanci jim kaɗan bayan haka.

Tana da shekaru goma sha biyu, tana tashi da ƙarfe 3:30 kowace safiya don fassara littafin Lavater 's *Maxims* daga asalin Jamusanci. Ta sami guineas guda biyu don aikinta, wanda ya isa ya sayo sabbin safa guda goma sha biyu. Sarauniya Adelaide ta sayi kwafin wannan littafin da yawa don kasuwa, bisa sharadin cewa Elizabeth da kanta za ta amfana.

Iyalin sun zauna a Palestine Place a kan titin Cambridge da ke Bethnal Green, wani yanki da aka ba haya ga *ƙungiyar London Society for Promoting Christianity Amongst the Jews* (wata ƙungiyar Kiristocin mishan da aka sani da Cocin's Ministry Among the Jewish People ). An naɗa McCaul a matsayin Malamin Warburton na Lincoln's Inn a shekara ta 1837. A shekara ta 1843, Bishop na London ya ba shi izinin zama na St James Duke's Place, wani coci mai mazauna Yahudawa 800 da Kiristoci 100 kacal. Elizabeth ta kasance shaida a wurin ƙona Majalisa a shekara ta 1834 da kuma taron nadin Sarauniya Victoria a shekara ta 1837.

## Rayuwar diflomasiyya

Bayan aurenta da James Finn, wanda aka naɗa shi jakadan Birtaniya, ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Kudus. An umurci jakadun su yi abota ta kowace hanya da za su iya yi da Yahudawan da ke Kudus da Falasɗinu, waɗanda ba su da wata kariya daga Turai.

A matsayinta na matar jami'in diflomasiyya a Urushalima, Elizabeth Finn ta koyi Larabci ta hanyar roƙon Dragoman ɗinta kalmomi goma na Larabci kowace rana, tana sanya ɗaya a kan yatsu na kowane hannu. A rayuwa ta baya ta nemi fassara wasiƙun da aka yi da harshen Larabci tsakanin Mahdi Muhammed Ahmed da marigayi Janar Gordon na Khartoum.

A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1849 ta taimaka wajen kafa Ƙungiyar Adabi ta Urushalima don bincika tarihin halitta da na da na yankin da gangan kuma ba tare da wata jayayya ta addini ba. Mutanen Finland waɗanda suka kafa ɗakin karatu mai kundin littattafai dubu da ƙaramin gidan tarihi, za su yi amfani da ranar Asabar, inda ba za a iya gudanar da wani kasuwanci na Yahudawa ba, don su yi tafiya zuwa ƙauyuka don neman kayan tarihi kuma su yi bincike mai mahimmanci a can.

Manyan matafiya da yawa sun halarci tarurrukan Ƙungiyar Adabi ta Urushalima, labarin ya jawo hankalin Albert, Yarima Consort, George Hamilton-Gordon, Earl na 4 na Aberdeen da kuma Archbishop na Canterbury. A cikin waɗannan shekarun Finn ya zama ɗaya daga cikin Turawa na zamani na farko da aka ba izinin ziyartar Dutsen Haikali da Dome of the Rock .

Elizabeth Finn ta ba da gudummawa a matsayin majagaba a fannin daukar hoto, wanda ya taimaka wajen kawo sabbin fasahohin da aka ƙirƙira a yankin, sannan kuma ta tallafa wa masu daukar hoto na asali kamar Mendel John Diness . Lokacin da Sarki Edward VII ya ziyarci Urushalima a watan Afrilun 1862, Finn ta ɗauki hotonsa kusa da wata bishiya da aka kwatanta da "itacen pine na Godfrey de Bouillon ." An haɗa shi a cikin kundin hotunan farko na Ƙasa Mai Tsarki da ta ɗauka, wanda yanzu aka adana a Yad Ben Zvi a Urushalima . 

Yanayin Falasɗinu da Urushalima ya burge Elizabeth Finn sosai kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar zane-zane masu kyau da aka yi a cikin zane-zanen kalmomi da zane-zanen alkalami da fensir na wurare daban-daban na Littafi Mai Tsarki da na tarihi. Aikinta yana da matuƙar kulawa game da yadda yanayin ke caji da canza shi ta hanyar tasirin haske a lokutan rana daban-daban.

William Holman Hunt wanda ya ziyarci yankin a shekarar 1854 a tsakiyar lokacin da mutanen Finland suka yi a Urushalima don yin bincike da kuma zana zane na The Scapegoat (zane) ya ba da wasiƙar gabatarwa ga tarin zane-zanen da Mrs Finn ta buga a ƙarshe  wanda ke tabbatar da aikinta a matsayin "nazarin yanayin ƙasa mai kyau na yankunan da kuma launuka ba tare da an yi masa ƙarin kuɗi ba saboda tasirin asali da duwatsu, sararin sama da filayen Siriya ke alfahari da su."

Ta kuma sami damar nishadantar da Yarima Alfred (ɗan Sarauniya Victoria na biyu) da kuma babban ɗan'uwansa Yarima na Wales (daga baya Edward VII ) cikin salon sarauta mai kyau, don haka ta ƙulla alaƙa da magoya bayan Sarauta wanda daga baya zai samar da tallafi mai mahimmanci ga Ƙungiyar Agajin Gaggawa ta Masu Damuwa .

A lokacin zamanta a Urushalima, Finn ta shirya horo da kuma daukar ma'aikata maza da mata na gida a matsayin kafintoci, ma'aikatan gona da kuma masu dinki. Ta tara kuɗi daga ƙasashen waje don yaƙi da rashin abinci mai gina jiki ga talakawa. Ta tara kuɗi don siyan Kerem Avraham, wata gona a wajen Urushalima. Ta kula da haƙa ramuka masu yawa a gonar Ibrahim's Vineyard don rage rashin isasshen ruwa a Urushalima. A watan Janairun 1854, ta kafa 'Sarah Society' wadda ke ziyartar mata matalauta a gida, tana ba da taimako ta hanyar shinkafa, sukari da kofi.

## Rayuwa daga baya
Mutanen Finns sun yi shirin komawa Ingila a shekarar 1863, daga ƙarshe suka tafi a ranar 14 ga Yuli, inda gawawwakin Yahudawa suka aika da koke-koke da dama ga Sarauniya don kada ta cire mai taimakonsu (James Finn) amma ba su yi nasara ba. Sun shafe shekaru uku masu zuwa suna ziyartar abokai da 'yan uwa, daga ƙarshe suka zauna a Hammersmith . James Finn, wanda ke fama da rashin lafiya, ya mutu a shekarar 1872 yana da shekaru 66. A shekarar 1875, Bishop na Canterbury ya nemi Elizabeth Finn da ta yi wa Babban Limamin Cocin Tsohuwar Siriya fassara yayin da yake neman aiki a Ingila don tallafawa ikirarin 'yan cocinsa a bakin tekun Malabar . Ziyarar makonni biyu ta kai ofishin jakadanci na tsawon watanni bakwai wanda ya gamsar da manyan malaman coci, 'yan siyasa ciki har da William Ewart Gladstone, Lord Salisbury da Sarauniya Victoria don yin tambayoyi da jayayya. Elizabeth Finn za ta maimaita wannan aikin a shekarar 1908 da 1909 ga Bishop na Siriya wanda ya gaje shi a matsayin Sarki, yana tare da shi a shekarar 1875.

Finn ta ci gaba da yin lacca kan batutuwan Littafi Mai Tsarki a Ɗakin Assuriyawa na Gidan Tarihi na Burtaniya kuma ta sake ba da labarin abubuwan da ta fuskanta a Urushalima don tallafawa Binciken Binciken Falasɗinawa a tarurrukan tara kuɗi don ginawa akan gadon Ƙungiyar Adabi ta Urushalima.

A shekarar 1882, Elizabeth Finn, wacce a lokacin take da shekaru 57, ta ƙaddamar da Ƙungiyar Agajin Yahudawa Masu Damuwa don samar da tallafi ga Yahudawan Rasha da ke fuskantar tsanantawa a lokacin kisan gillar da aka yi musu. Sir John Simon, babban memba na al'ummar Yahudawan Ingila, ya yi sha'awar shaida 'Ilimin Mrs Finn game da mutanensa da kuma mamakin cewa Kirista ya kamata ya kula da mutanensa da ke cikin mawuyacin hali'. 

## Ƙungiyar Agajin Gaggawa Masu Damuwa
Finn ta kafa ƙungiyar agajin 'yan tawaye da ke zaune a gidanta da ke Brook Green, Hammersmith, domin rage wa waɗanda ta gani a cikin muhallinta na gaggawa wahala. DGAA ko dai ta ba da tallafi don taimakon tsofaffi da marasa lafiya nan take ko kuma ta ba wa mutanen da za su iya aiki su koma kan ƙafafunsu su sami aiki ta hanyar tallafi da ƙananan basussuka.

Duk da cewa ta kawo ƙarshen "haɗin gwiwa" da DGAA a shekarar 1901, Elizabeth Finn ta ci gaba da sa ido sosai da kuma taimaka wa al'umma har tsawon rayuwarta.&nbsp;– ta halarci taron kwamitinta na ƙarshe a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba 1920 watanni biyu kafin rasuwarta.

## Yara da mutuwa
An haifi 'ya'ya uku da suka rage a lokacin aikin diflomasiyyar Finns. Babban ɗansu Alexander 'Guy Fawkes' Finn, wanda, kamar mahaifinsa, zai yi aikin diflomasiyya, ya yi ritaya a matsayin Babban Jami'in Jakadancin Chile, an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba, 1847. A watan Oktoba, 1851, an haifi 'yar Elizabeth, Constance, a cikin tanti da aka gina a wani fili a arewa maso yammacin Urushalima. Elizabeth Finn ta haifi Constance bayan ta shafe tsawon ranar da ta gabata tana nishadantar da matar Bashar Bahar Rum da kuma abokanta, bayi da bayi da yawa. An haifi ɗa na biyu, Arthur Henry, a shekara ta 1854 kuma a rayuwarsa ta gaba, kamar yadda wani malamin Ibrananci ya rubuta "Haɗin Kan Pentateuch".

A lokacin da take da shekaru 72, Finn da 'yarta Constance sun kafa ƙungiyar agaji ta Distressed Gentlefolk, wadda ta gada Elizabeth Finn Care a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 1897, 'da fatan rage wasu daga cikin damuwar da ta addabi mata da maza waɗanda suka ga kwanaki masu kyau.'

Ta rasu a gida a Brook Green, Hammersmith, Landan a ranar 18 ga Janairu 1921 tana da shekaru 95.  An binne ta kusa da mijinta James a Wimbledon . Elizabeth Finn Care tana da babban ofishinta da ke da nisan ƴan yadi kaɗan daga gidanta, wanda aka yi masa alama da shuɗin allo don tunawa da ayyukan agajinta.

## Ayyukan da aka buga

* ** ta Landan ta 1866.
* *Gida a Ƙasa Mai Tsarki. Labari da ke nuna al'adu da abubuwan da suka faru a Urushalima ta zamani* . Adamant Media, Boston, 2002 sake bugawa na asali na London 1866. 
* *Shekara ta Uku a Urushalima. Labari mai kwatanta al'adu da abubuwan da suka faru na Urushalima ta zamani; ko kuma, ci gaba da "Gida a Ƙasa Mai Tsarki"* . Adamant Media, Boston, 2002 sake bugawa na asali na London 1869. ISBN&nbsp;
* *Tunawa da Misis Finn* ; Marshall, Morgan da Scott, 1929, London
* *Makiyayan Falasdinu. Bayani game da danginsu, yaƙi, addini da dokoki* Marshall Bros. 1923 95 shafi.&nbsp;London, & Edinburgh
* *Asalin Manyan Littattafai ga Matasa Wanda 'Yar Limamin Kirista ta Fassara [watau Elizabeth Anne McCaul, daga baya Finn]* 1838, London
* *Fitowar fitowar rana a kan Urushalima, tare da wasu zane-zanen alkalami da fensir* . Ranar John B, 1873, London
* *An Gano Emmaus*&nbsp;– An buga don Marubucin&nbsp;– 75 Brook Green, London, W (an fara buga shi a cikin Mujallar Kwata-kwata Janairu 1883 na Asusun Binciken Falasdinu)

## Duba kuma

* Wurin ibada na addinai na Saint George
* Motza
* Artas (ƙauye)

## Manazarta