open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
PMI Victorian History Library Inc.

**PMI Victorian History Library Inc.** (Tsohuwar Cibiyar Prahran Mechanics' Institute) wani ɗakin karatu ne na biyan kuɗi mallakar al'umma wanda ke a 39 St Edmonds Road, Prahran, Victoria, Ostiraliya. Laburaren yana mai da hankali kan tattara albarkatu game da kowace unguwa a Victoria da kowane fanni na tarihin jihar.  Laburaren yana a baya a High Street, Prahran daga 1915 zuwa 2014 da Chapel Street, Prahran daga 1854 zuwa 1915.  Yana ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin Cibiyoyin Makanikai da suka tsira a Victoria kuma ɗaya daga cikin shida kacal da ke aiki a matsayin ɗakin karatu na ba da rance. Ita ce cibiyar makanikai kaɗai a Victoria da har yanzu take ƙarƙashin Dokar Majalisar Dokokinta.  Amma a shekarar 2022 an haɗa ta a matsayin PMI Victorian History Library Inc. a ƙarƙashin Dokar Gyaran Haɗin Gwiwa ta Ƙungiyoyi (2012).

## Tarihi
An kafa Cibiyar Makanikai ta Prahran a shekarar 1854 a Titin Chapel, Prahran ta hanyar biyan kuɗi da gudummawa daga al'ummar yankin da nufin sauƙaƙe laccoci, tattaunawa, ɗakin karatu, ɗakunan karatu, azuzuwan karatu, da kuma gidan tarihi.[1]

A shekarar 1908, Cibiyar Makanikai ta Prahran ta kafa Makarantar Fasaha ta Prahran wadda ta fara aiki a Titin Chapel, sannan a Titin High daga 1915 zuwa 1971. A shekarar 2004, an saka ginin Babban Titin a cikin Rijistar Gado ta Victorian  saboda muhimmancin gine-gine da al'adu.

## Tarin abubuwa

A farkon shekarun 1980, Cibiyar Prahran Makanikai ta ƙirƙiro sabuwar manufar tattarawa wadda ta mayar da hankali kan samar da tarin lamuni wanda ya ƙware a tarihin Victoria. Tarin tarihin Victoria shine tarin irinsa guda ɗaya tilo da ake da shi don rance ga jama'a kuma yanzu ya faɗaɗa ya haɗa da abubuwa game da Ostiraliya da sauran jihohin Ostiraliya. Ginin PMI shine gidan tarin tari na musamman na Cibiyar Makanikai ta Victoria, Ƙungiyar Tarihi ta Cinema da Gidan Wasan Kwaikwayo da kuma Laburaren Tarihin Jirgin Ƙasa na Victoria. 

## Ayyuka

Baya ga wani babban ɗakin karatu mai ba da lamuni da tunani wanda ya ƙware a ayyukan tarihin Victoria da Ostiraliya, ɗakin karatu yana shirya taruka, tarurrukan karawa juna sani, da gasa don ƙarfafawa da sauƙaƙe nazarin tarihi. 

## Manazarta
Abdel Rahman Badawi

**Abdel Rahman Badawi** (Arabic) (Fabrairu 17, 1917 - Yuli 25, 2002) masanin falsafar Masar ne, farfesa a fannin falsafa da mawaki. An kira shi "mafi girman malamin existentialism na Larabawa".  Ya wallafa fiye da ayyuka 150, galibi fassarar rubuce-rubucen falsafar Larabci. &nbsp;

## Rayuwa
An haife shi ne a cikin iyali mai arziki a ƙauyen Sharabass, mai nisan kilomita 95 daga Alkahira, Badawi ya yi karatu a makarantar al-Saidiya a Alkahira. Ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a fannin falsafa daga Jami'ar Masar a 1938, kuma Alexandre Koyré ne ya kula da shi don rubutun PhD.

Daga 1950 zuwa 1956 ya koyar a Jami'ar Ain Shams . A matsayinsa na memba na kwamitin 1954 don tsara sabon kundin tsarin mulkin Masar, ya yi karo da Nasser, wanda ya rushe kwamitin a shekarar 1956. Daga 1956 zuwa 1958 ya kasance mai kula da al'adu a Switzerland, game da 'yan diflomasiyya a can a matsayin "marasa sani da munafunci".

Badawi ya bayyana barin Nasser's Egypt don koyarwa a Sorbonne a 1967 kamar yadda ya tsere wa "babban kurkuku". Koyaya, farfesa a Libya daga 1967 zuwa 1973 ya ƙare lokacin da Muammar Gaddafi ya ziyarci jami'ar kuma ya kunyata ɗaliban Badawi da ke jayayya da 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki. Gaddafi ya ɗaure Badawi, ya ƙone ɗakin karatu na kansa a fili. Anwar Sadat ne ya sake shi bayan kwanaki 17.

Badawi ya koyar a Jami'ar Kuwait daga 1975 zuwa 1982. Ya kasance mai ba da gudummawa ga mujallar existentialist *Al Adab* . 

## Manazarta
Gyara Dokar Gidajenmu

**Dokar Gyara dazuzzukanmu**, HR 471 da S. 1462, takardun kudi ne a cikin Majalisa ta Amurka don sake fasalin ka'idojin kula da gandun daji don rage haɗarin gobarar daji. Yana neman rage buƙatun izini da kuma taimakawa ayyukan rage gandun daji ta hanyar iyakance karar da ake yi musu, da sauran tanadi.

## Tarihi
Yankin da gobarar daji ta ƙone a kowace shekara ya karu tun daga shekarun 1980. Shekaru da aka fi ƙonewa sun yi daidai da shekarun da suka fi zafi a rikodin. fari da tara man fetur sun tsawaita lokutan wuta da kuma kara gobara. Kusan kadada miliyan 9 sun kone a 2024. A halin yanzu, izini don ayyukan kula da gandun daji na iya ɗaukar kimanin shekaru 3 don samun amincewa. Bugu da ƙari, yayin da gobarar daji ke barazana ga birane da albarkatun kasa, suna kuma samar da iskar gas wanda ke hanzarta canjin yanayi. Wannan canjin yanayi ya kara yawanci da tsananin matsalolin kiwon lafiya na gandun daji kamar fari, wuta, da nau'o'in mamayewa, wanda ya sa yankin gandun daji na cikin Amurka ya ragu har zuwa 9.5% tsakanin 2001 da 2019.

Wakilan Scott Peters (D‐CA) da Bruce Westerman (R‐AR) ne suka gabatar da Dokar Gyara dazuzzukanmu.  An gabatar da lissafin a matsayin HR 471 a R‑AR 16 ga Janairu, 2025 a cikin Majalisa ta 119,  amma a baya an gabatar da shi a cikin 2024 a matsayin HR 8790 a cikin Machịta ta 118, tare da masu tallafawa iri ɗaya. HR 8709 ya wuce majalisar tare da yeas daga dukkan 'yan Republican da' yan Democrat 55. 

## Karɓar baƙi
Taimako na siyasa ya wanzu saboda dalilai daban-daban a tsakanin jam'iyyun siyasa. Donald Trump da magoya bayan Republican suna tallafawa sauye-sauye ga kula da gandun daji. Masu ci gaba suna tallafawa ayyukan ƙone al'adun 'yan asalin ƙasar (ƙonewa mai hanawa), wanda wannan lissafin zai tsara.

Ra'ayoyi sun bambanta tsakanin manyan kungiyoyin muhalli. Wasu suna tsoron cewa zai kara katako ba dole ba, yayin da wasu suka amince da dokoki don ci gaba da ba da izini ga ayyukan da suka dace da muhalli kawai.

Wasu, kamar su Environment America, Sierra Club, da Cibiyar Biological Diversity, suna adawa da Dokar bisa ga tabbatar da cewa za ta lalata dokokin kare muhalli da cutar da gandun daji, nau'o'in da ke cikin haɗari, da kuma kula da al'umma game da kula da ƙasar tarayya. Muhalli Amurka musamman ta nuna damuwa game da kariya da aka bayar a cikin Dokar Manufofin Muhalli ta Kasa (NEPA) da Dokar Dabbobi Masu Hadari ta 1973, yiwuwar yin katako a wasu ƙasashen tarayya ba tare da sake dubawa na muhalli ba, da kuma iyakancewa kan karar da aka yi wa hukumomin tarayya. The Citizens' Climate Lobby duk da haka ya lura cewa Dokar ba ta canzawa ko juyawa baya NEPA ko Dokar Dabbobi Masu Hadari kuma tana la'akari da ikon mayar da martani na gaggawa na dazuzzukanmu saboda rikicin gobarar daji.

## Shirye-shiryen
Dokar Gyara dazuzzukanmu tana yin canje-canje masu yawa. Shirye-shiryensa suna sauƙaƙa ƙa'idodin muhalli don hanzarta ƙoƙarin kula da gandun daji, dakatar da karar da masu kula da muhalli suka yi, da kuma taimakawa ayyukan rigakafin gobara na al'umma.

## Manazarta
Gidan karatu na Wyndham City

**Laburaren Birnin Wyndham** suna ba da sabis na ɗakunan karatu iri-iri a rassa biyar a yankin karamar hukumar birnin Wyndham da ke wajen birnin Melbourne. Laburaren rassanta guda tara suna cikin cibiyar kasuwanci ta Werribee Plaza, a tsakiyar birnin Werribee, a Cibiyar Garin Point Cook, da kuma a Wyndham Vale da Tarneit da Williams Landing da Truganina Truganina, Victoria kusa da unguwa.

## Reshe

### Laburaren Plaza
Laburaren Plaza (wanda a da ake kira Laburaren Heaths Road) shine babban ɗakin karatu a cikin hidimar kuma yana aiki a matsayin babban ɗakin karatu na reshe. Ana daidaita kula da Laburaren Birnin Wyndham a reshen Plaza. Da farko, babban reshen Wyndham (a lokacin Werribee ) na Sabis na Laburare yana cikin Cibiyar Jama'a a kan Babbar Hanya ta Princes, Werribee. An buɗe ɗakin karatu a Cibiyar Siyayya ta Werribee Plaza a 1993, an gyara shi a matakai a tsakiyar shekarun 2000, kuma an sabunta shi a ƙarshen 2010 tare da haɗa fasahar RFID.

A watan Janairun 2015, Laburaren Plaza ya koma wani sabon wuri a Cibiyar Siyayya ta Werribee Plaza da aka sake ginawa.   

### Laburaren Point Cook
An buɗe ɗakin karatu na Point Cook a watan Satumba na 2009 a matsayin wani ɓangare na Cibiyar Koyar da Al'umma ta Point Cook (wanda ke cikin Cibiyar Garin Point Cook ). Laburaren ya ƙunshi kusan murabba'in mita 950. Reshen Point Cook shine ɗakin karatu na farko na reshen Wyndham da ya yi amfani da fasahar RFID wajen sarrafa hannun jari.

A cikin watanni biyu na farko da ta fara aiki, Laburaren Point Cook yana da kusan baƙi 45,000 na musamman kuma ya sami rancen kusan 78,000. 

### Laburaren Julia Gillard Tarneit

An gina ɗakin karatu a Cibiyar Koyon Al'umma ta Tarneit. An sanya wa ɗakin karatu suna don girmama tsohuwar 'yar majalisar dokoki ta Lalor da Firayim Minista Julia Gillard. An ba da kuɗin sabon ɗakin karatu ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar kuɗaɗen gwamnati da na ƙananan hukumomi, kuma magajin garin lokacin Cr Heather Marcus ya nuna a watan Agusta 2013 cewa Birnin Wyndham ya yi niyyar ɗakin karatu ya yi wa al'ummar Tarneit da Williams Landing hidima. An buɗe ɗakin karatu na Tarneit a ranar 14 ga Disamba 2015. 

## Manazarta
Gidajen karatu na Whitehorse Manningham

**Kamfanin Laburare na Yankin Whitehorse Manningham** yana ba da ayyukan ɗakin karatu ga Birnin Manningham da Birnin Whitehorse. Birnin Manningham ya kai murabba'in kilomita 114. An kiyasta yawan jama'a 119,442 a shekarar 2015.  Harsunan da ake magana da su sun haɗa da Cantonese, Greek, Mandarin, Italian da Larabci.  Birnin Whitehorse ya kai murabba'in kilomita 64. An kiyasta yawan jama'a 163,697 a shekarar 2014.

An kafa haɗin gwiwar hidimar ɗakin karatu a shekarar 1996 bisa haɗin gwiwar Sabis ɗin Laburare na Birnin Nunawading da Sabis ɗin Laburare na Box Hill/Doncaster.[1]

## Dakunan karatu na reshe
Akwai ɗakunan karatu guda takwas na reshe.

* Blackburn
* Akwatin Tudu
* Bulleen
* Doncaster
* Nunawading
* Pines
* Kudancin Vermont
* Garanti

## Manazarta
Nabil Elaraby

**Nabil Elaraby** ( Arabic   ; 15 Maris 1935 - 26 Agusta 2024) ɗan siyasa ne kuma jami'in diflomasiyya na Masar wanda ya kasance Sakatare Janar na 7 na Ƙungiyar Larabawa daga 1 Yuli 2011 zuwa 3 Yuli 2016. Elaraby kuma yana da mukamai a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, yana riƙe da mukamai a Cibiyar Horarwa da Bincike ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kuma zama Wakili na Dindindin a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya .

Elaraby ya yi aiki a matsayin daya daga cikin masu hulɗa tsakanin masu zanga-zangar da gwamnati a lokacin zanga-zambe na Masar na 2011, kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen matsawa don cire Shugaba Hosni Mubarak.  Bayan haka, ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Waje na Masar a gwamnatin Essam Sharaf bayan juyin juya halin daga Maris zuwa Yuni 2011.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
An haifi Elaraby a ranar 15 ga Maris 1935.  Ya rike J.S.D. (1971) da LL. M. (1969) daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar New York da kuma digiri na shari'a daga Kwalejin Shari'a na Jami'ar Alkahira (1955).  

Elaraby ya mutu a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta 2024, yana da shekaru 89. 

## Ayyuka
Elaraby ya kasance Babban Abokin Hulɗa a Zaki Hashem & Partners a Alkahira, ƙwararre a cikin shawarwari da Arbitration . 

### Gwamnatin Masar
Elaraby ya kasance mai ba da shawara kan shari'a kuma darektan a Ma'aikatar Shari'a da Yarjejeniya ta Ma'aikatu daga 1976 zuwa 1978 sannan kuma Jakada a Indiya daga 1981 zuwa 1983. Daga nan sai ya koma mukaminsa na baya a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje daga 1983 zuwa 1987.

Ya kasance mai ba da shawara kan shari'a ga tawagar Masar a Taron zaman lafiya na Camp David na Gabas ta Tsakiya a 1978, shugaban tawagar Masar zuwa Tattaunawar Taba daga 1985 zuwa 1989, kuma Wakilin Gwamnatin Masar zuwa kotun sulhu ta Masar da Isra'ila (Rashin jituwa na Taba) daga 1986 zuwa 1988.

Ministan Shari'a na Masar ne ya nada shi a cikin jerin masu sulhu a harkokin farar hula da kasuwanci a Masar a shekarar 1995. 

Ya kasance babban mai tattaunawar Masar a Taron Taba a shekara ta 2001. 

### Majalisar Dinkin Duniya
A shekara ta 1968, Elaraby ta kasance Adlai Stevenson Fellow a cikin Dokar Kasa da Kasa a Cibiyar Horarwa da Bincike ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNITAR).  An nada shi Fellow na Musamman a Shari'ar Kasa da Kasa a UNITAR a 1973, kuma ya kasance mai ba da shawara kan shari'a ga tawagar Masar a taron zaman lafiya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Geneva ta Gabas ta Tsakiya daga 1973 zuwa 1975.

Elaraby ya kasance Mataimakin Wakilin Dindindin na Masar a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a New York daga 1978 zuwa 1981, Wakilin Daddar da Dindindin a Ofishin Majalisar Dinkinobho a Geneva daga 1987 zuwa 1991, Wakilin Dundar da Dinkin Duniya na Majalisar Dinkin duniya a New York Daga 1991 zuwa 1999, memba na Hukumar Shari'a ta Duniya ta Majalisar Dinkinoki daga 1994 zuwa 2004, Shugaban Majalisar Dinkinono a 1996, kuma mataimakin shugaban Majalisar Dinkin .  Ya kasance kwamishinan Hukumar Biya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Geneva daga 1999 zuwa 2001,  kuma memba na Kotun Shari'a ta Duniya daga 2001 zuwa Fabrairu 2006. 

## manazarta
Amir Abdelazim

**Amir Abdelazim** babban jami'in sadarwa ne na Masar kuma mai ba da shawara kan kasuwanci. Ya rike mukamin babban jami'in fasaha da bayanai (CTIO) a masu aiki da wayar hannu a Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya, gami da ayyukan Millicom na Tigo a Rwanda da Ghana da Asiacell a Iraki. Wani rahoto na 2018 game da canje-canje na gudanarwa a AirtelTigo a Ghana ya lissafa shi daga cikin masu barin jami'an da suka jagoranci aikin fasaha na mai aiki.

A shekara ta 2022 ya shiga kamfanin ba da shawara na Detecon kuma an bayyana shi a matsayin shugaban kasar a Masar. Sanarwar manema labarai ta Ma'aikatar Sadarwa da Fasahar Bayanai ta Masar ta bayyana shi a matsayin manajan darektan Detecon a Masar da kuma kwararren abokin tarayya don sauya fasahar a cikin taron da aka gudanar a 2023 da kuma Mobile World Congress 2024. Abubuwan taron da FutureNet World ta buga sun lissafa shi a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan Shugaba kan canji a Telecom Egypt.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Abdelazim a Misira kuma ta yi karatun injiniyan sadarwa a Kwalejin Injiniya ta Jami'ar Alexandria, ta kammala a 2003 tare da digiri a cikin sadarwa. Sanarwar da Tigo Ghana ta yi a shekarar 2016 ta bayyana cewa shi kwararren kwararren ne (PMP), yana da MBA a harkokin kasuwanci na kasa da kasa, kuma ya kammala ilimin zartarwa a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta London.

## Ayyuka

### Farkon aiki
Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Alexandria, Abdelazim ya fara aikinsa a 2003 a matsayin injiniyan sadarwa a Kamfanin Ruwa da Petrochemicals na Alexandria (ANRPC). Daga baya ya shiga Equant, wanda daga baya ya zama Orange Business Services, yana aiki a matsayin mai kula da cibiyar sadarwa.

A ƙarshen shekara ta 2004 ya koma Alcatel-Lucent (yanzu wani ɓangare na Nokia), wanda ke zaune a cibiyar ƙwarewa a Alkahira wacce ke tallafawa ayyukan cibiyar sadarwar hannu a Masar da sauran ƙasashe a Arewa da Yammacin Afirka, gami da Aljeriya, Togo da Ivory Coast .  Daga baya ya yi aiki ga Etisalat a Misira yayin ƙaddamar da ayyukan wayar hannu kuma daga baya ga Nokia Siemens Networks a kan shirin cibiyar sadarwa ta rediyo da ayyukan ingantawa a Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya.

### Millicom da ayyukan Afirka
A cikin 2013 Abdelazim ya shiga Millicom - kamfanin iyaye na alamar Tigo - a matsayin Daraktan Kasuwanci na Afirka, wanda ke zaune a Ƙasar Ingila. Daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin CTIO na Tigo Rwanda sannan kuma na Tigo Ghana.

Bayan hadewar Tigo Ghana da Airtel Ghana, Abdelazim ya zama CTIO na hadin gwiwar mai aiki AirtelTigo, inda ya kula da haɗin cibiyar sadarwa da ayyukan sabuntawa na gaba, bisa ga hira ta 2020.  Wani rahoto na 2018 game da canje-canjen gudanarwa na AirtelTigo ya lissafa shi daga cikin masu barin jami'an da suka jagoranci aikin fasahar mai aiki.

A lokacin da yake Tigo Ghana an nakalto shi a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na yanki game da tura tashoshin tushe na ma'ana zuwa ma'ana da kuma haɗin mara waya don kasuwanci a Accra, Kumasi, Takoradi da Sunyani, da kuma ɗaukar hoto a cikin gini don manyan gine-ginen kasuwanci.

## Manazarta
Mohamed Abdul Khalek Hassouna

**Mohamed Abdulkhalek El Sayed Hassouna** (Arabic; 28 ga Oktoba 1898 - 20 ga Janairu 1992) ya kasance jami'in diflomasiyya Masar da Palasdinawa wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Sakatare Janar na biyu na Ƙungiyar Larabawa

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haife shi a Alkahira a shekara ta 1898,  Abdel-Khalek Hassouna ya kasance jikan Al-Azhar Grand Sheikh Hassouna El-Nawawi, wanda ya fito ne daga dangin Hassouna mai daraja. Ya sami digiri a fannin shari'a a shekarar 1921. Hassouna Pasha kamar yadda aka sani daga baya ya sami digiri na biyu da digiri na biyu a fannin tattalin arziki da kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Cambridge a 1925,  inda ya kasance memba na Kwalejin Magdalene . Ya shiga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Masar a 1926 kuma ya yi aiki a ofisoshin jakadancin Masar a Berlin, Roma, Prague da Stockholm.

Hassouna ta kasance mataimakiyar sakataren jihar a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Jama'a tsakanin 1939 da 1942.  Ya yi aiki a matsayin gwamnan Alexandria daga 1942 zuwa 1948,  a lokacin da aka kammala Jami'ar Alexandria. Ya yi aiki a matsayin ministan harkokin zamantakewa tsakanin 1949 da 1952 sannan kuma Ministan ilimi da harkokin waje a shekarar 1952. 

Ya gaji Abdul Rahman Hassan Azzam a kungiyar Larabawa a 1952  kuma ya yi aiki na shekaru 20 masu zuwa. Mahmoud Riad ne ya gaje shi a shekarar 1972, kuma ya mutu a ranar 20 ga watan Janairun 1992. 

## Daraja

## Manazarta
Ginin ɗakin karatu na Alexander

**Ginin Laburaren Alexander** yana cikin Cibiyar Al'adu ta Perth, Yammacin Ostiraliya.

An sanya masa suna ne bayan masanin tarihi na Yammacin Ostiraliya kuma tsohon memba na Hukumar Laburare, Fred Alexander.  

Tana ɗauke da Laburaren Jiha na Yammacin Ostiraliya, Laburaren JS Battye,  da Ofishin Bayanan Jiha, a cikin Gundumar Al'adu ta Perth.

Ginin yana ƙarƙashin alhakin Ma'aikatar Al'adu da Fasaha ta gwamnatin Yammacin Ostiraliya. An kammala shi kuma an buɗe shi a shekarar 1985.  

An canza shi a cikin jiki tsawon lokaci, duk da haka tsarin asali ya kasance.  

## Tsarin shimfidar wuri na baya
Hanyar tafiya mai gangara a gabashin ginin tana tafiya kusa da layin tsohon titin Gidan Tarihi, wanda ke tsakanin titin James da titin Francis. Titin yana da kyakkyawan tsari na tituna, ɗaya daga cikin mafi gauraye a wannan yanki na tsakiyar yankin kasuwanci na Perth. – wanda aka cire duk a lokacin gina sabon ginin ɗakin karatu. [ ana buƙatar ambato ]

Gine-gine ɗaya ne kawai aka yi bikin tunawa da shi a ginin ginin ɗakin karatu na Alexander Cocin Baptist na Perth wanda ke Titin Museum daga 1899 zuwa 1979. An daɗe ana kafa Shagon Littattafai da ɗakin karatu na Theosophical a kusurwar Gidan Tarihi da Titin James. Ana iya samun yanayin tituna a cikin Littafin Jagora na Wise a shekarun baya-bayan nan.

## Allunan da aka yi da allo a ƙofar shiga

* 30 Nuwamba 1979 - Fara Gine-gine
* 18 ga Yuni 1985 – Buɗe Ginin

## Manazarta
Kathleen Hartnett White

**Kathleen Hartnett White** (Oktoba 19, 1949 - Agusta 6, 2024)  tsohuwar jami'ar gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Amurka ce kuma mai ba da shawara kan manufofin muhalli. White ya yi aiki a matsayin babban jami'i a kantin sayar da kayayyaki na Texas Public Policy Foundation. Shugaba Donald Trump ne ya zaba ta don jagorantar Majalisar kan Ingancin Muhalli; daga baya aka janye zaben.

## Ilimi
White ta kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Salina a Kansas a shekarar 1967. Ta sami digiri na farko da digiri na biyu a fannin bil'adama da addini daga Jami'ar Stanford . Ta halarci shirin digiri na addini na Jami'ar Princeton kuma ta kammala shekara guda na makarantar shari'a a Texas Tech University School of Law . 

## Ayyuka
White ya kasance mataimakin Nancy Reagan na musamman a cikin shekarun 1980, sannan ya yi aiki ga Ƙungiyar Kasuwancin Kasuwanci ta Kasa a Washington, DC, yana da hannu a ƙasashe masu zaman kansu da muhalli. Komawa a Texas, White ya zama darektan Ranching Heritage Association, sannan ya yi aiki a Hukumar Raya Tattalin Arziki ta Texas a Austin. Gwamna Rick Perry ne ya ba ta suna a Hukumar Texas kan Ingancin Muhalli, inda ta yi aiki na shekaru shida, gami da lokacin hidima a matsayin shugaban.

A shekara ta 2008, ta fara aiki ga Gidauniyar Manufofin Jama'a ta Texas, wani tunani mai ra'ayin mazan jiya na dama, inda aka ba ta suna Distinguished Senior Fellow-in-Residence da Darakta na Cibiyar Armstrong don Makamashi da Muhalli.  Ta rubuta littafin Fueling Freedom: Exposing the Mad War on Energy tare da Stephen Moore a cikin 2016.

### Nomination zuwa Majalisar kan Ingancin Muhalli
A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2017, Shugaba Donald Trump ya zabi White a matsayin babban mai ba da shawara na Fadar White House kan manufofin muhalli. Da a ce Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka ta tabbatar da ita, da ta jagoranci Majalisar kan Ingancin Muhalli. A ranar 21 ga watan Disamba, 2017, Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka ta mayar da takarar ta zuwa Fadar White House. Trump ya sake gabatar da gabatarwa na White a watan Janairun 2018 . 

Nominanta ya jawo gardama saboda tarihinta na bayar da shawarwari ga ka'idojin da kuma pseudoscience. Hartnett ya ki amincewa da ra'ayin kimiyya game da canjin yanayi kuma ya yi ba'a da binciken da Kwamitin Gwamnati ya yi kan Canjin Yanayi. Ta yi kira ga kara amfani da man fetur kuma ta soki Dokar Dabbobi Masu Hadari. Ta ce carbon dioxide ba mai gurɓata ba ne amma "wani abu ne mai gina jiki don rayuwar shuke-shuke" kuma akwai "tasiri mai fa'ida na carbon dioxide a cikin yanayinmu". Ta musanta shaidar kimiyya cewa akwai "wargitsi da ba a taɓa gani ba na yanayi, abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi, raguwar kankara na Arctic, da hauhawar matakan teku". Ta koka game da "Apocalyptic Anthropogenic Global Warming" kasancewa "addinin hagu na hagu" da kuma cewa "babban makirci don kawar da al'ummomin ɗan adam" wani ɓangare ne na "matsayin mulkin kama karya na hagu".

## Manazarta
Vijay Samnotra

**Vijay Samnotra** ma'aikacin gwamnati ne na Indiya kuma tsohon jami'in diflomasiyya na kasa da kasa wanda ya yi aiki a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya . Ya taba aiki a matsayin shugaban Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Indiya  kuma a matsayin babban mai ba da shawara ga mai kula da mazaunin Majalisar Dinkinobho kan canjin yanayi da birni. 

## Rayuwa ta farko
Iyayen Samnotra da kakanninmu sun kasance 'yan gudun hijira ne na zamanin rabuwa zuwa Indiya daga tsohuwar Pakistan ta Yamma, abin da a yau shine al'ummar Pakistan ta zamani.

## Ayyuka
Samnotra ta shiga Sakatariyar Tsakiya bayan ta cancanta ta hanyar jarrabawar Ayyukan Jama'a. Ya yi aiki a matsayin sakatare na Gwamnatin Indiya sannan ya yi aiki a sakatare mai zaman kansa ga Ministan Jiha Maneka Gandhi na lokacin. Daga baya ya yi murabus daga aikin gwamnati kuma ya shiga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.

Ya yi aiki a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na tsawon shekaru 25 kuma ya yi aiki a Ofishin Majalisar Dinkinobho a Nairobi da Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin marubucin jawabi ga mataimakan sakatare-janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya guda biyu, yana taimakawa wajen tsara jigogi da kamfen ɗin bayanai don Ranar Muhalli ta Duniya da kamfen din "Tsabtace Duniya" na shekara-shekara.

A cikin 2016, Samnotra ta kafa Ofishin Kasar Indiya na Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a New Delhi. A matsayinsa na babban mai ba da shawara ga Mai Kula da Mazauna Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi da Birane, ya kuma ba da gudummawa ga ayyukan hadin gwiwa da shirye-shirye ga wasu hukumomin haɗin gwiwa masu cin gashin kansu na Majalisar Dinkinobho, gami da Shirin Dabarun Bali kan Gine-gine da Canjin Fasaha don tabbatar da ingancin ayyukan UNEP da shirye-aikacen.

A matsayinta na babban mai ba da shawara ga Mai Gudanar da Mazauna Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Indiya kan Canjin Yanayi da Urbanisation, Samnotra ta tsara aikin kan Tattalin Arziki a Indiya, wanda ya haifar da bugawa na "Ahead of the Curve"; ya tsara shirin sanya Majalisar Dinkinobho a Indiya tsaka-tsaki; ya shawarci mai kula da mazaunin Majalisar Dinkin Turai kan dukkan batutuwan da suka shafi canjin yanayi da birni a cikin hulɗarsa da Ofishin Sakataren Majalisar Dinkin Dinkin Duniya; kuma ya tsara shawarar haɗin gwiwar Majalisar Dinkin duniya da haɗin gwiwa kan canjin yanayi, kirkire-India kan canjin birni.

## Kyaututtuka

* INVC International Award for environmental diplomacy  

## Manazarta
F. D. Amr Bey

**Abdelfattah Amr** (Arabic: عبد الفتاح عمرو) (14 February 1909 – 23 November 1988), better known as "**F.D. Amr Bey**" or simply "**Amr Bey**", was an Egyptian diplomat and squash player. He won the British Open men's title six consecutive times (1933–1938), and is considered the first truly dominant squash player in the sport.

## Sunan
Cikakken sunan Amr a cikin Larabci shine Abdelfattah Amr . "Bey" ba suna bane amma lakabi ne mai daraja, mai kama da taken Burtaniya na "sir". A ranar 20 ga Nuwamba 1943, an ba Amr matsayi mafi girma na "Pasha",  daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci a Masarautar Masar. Taken "Pasha" ya maye gurbin na "Bey", wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake kiran Amr a wasu lokuta da sunan Amr Pasha.

## Ayyukan Squash
 
An haifi Amr ne a cikin wani fitaccen iyali daga Abu Tij a cikin Gwamnatin Asyut, wanda ke cikin Upper Egypt .  Ya koma Ingila a 1928 a matsayin jami'in diflomasiyyar Masar. Bai taba buga wasan squash ba, manyan wasansa a lokacin shine wasan tennis da polo. Ya wakilci Masar a wasan tennis a gasar cin Kofin Davis . An gabatar da Amr zuwa squash yayin da yake a Ƙasar Ingila, kuma ya shiga wasan da sauri.

An kaddamar da taken maza na British Open ne kawai kwanan nan a lokacin da Amr ya fito a wurin, amma da sauri ya zama mafi mahimmancin taken a wasan kuma mutane da yawa sun kalli shi daidai da gasar zakarun duniya don wasanni. An buga wasan karshe na maza a lokacin a karkashin tsarin "ƙalubalen", tare da mai kalubalantar da ke fuskantar mai karewa a wasan da ya fi dacewa da kafafu uku, tare da wasannin da aka buga a kungiyoyin squash na 'yan wasan biyu. A 1933, Amr ya dauki nauyin Don Butcher, wanda ya lashe taken a 1931 da 1932. An buga wasan farko na raga a kulob din Butcher, Conservative Club, tare da Amr ya lashe 9-0, 9-7, 9-1. An buga wasan na biyu a kulob din Amr, Bath Club, wanda Amr ya lashe 9-5, 6-9, 9-2, 9-1 don kama taken.

### Birnin Birtaniya na open
Amr ya lashe Gasar Zakarun Maza ta Burtaniya sau shida a jere.

## Manazarta
Ma'aikatar Muhalli da wuri

**Ma'aikatar Muhalli da Muhalli** sashen zartarwa ne na Majalisar Jiha ta Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin, wanda ke da alhakin harkokin muhalli da muhalli. Shi ne sashen 15th-ranked a Majalisar Jiha.

Ma'aikatar ita ce sashen kare muhalli na kasar da ke da alhakin kare iska, ruwa, da ƙasa daga gurɓataccen yanayi da gurɓatacce. Kai tsaye a karkashin Majalisar Jiha, doka ta ba da iko kuma ta buƙaci aiwatar da manufofin muhalli da aiwatar da dokokin muhalli. Da yake tallafawa aikinsa na tsarawa, yana tallafawa da shirya bincike da ci gaba.

## Tarihi
A shekarar 1972, wakilan kasar Sin sun halarci taron farko na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Muhalli na Dan Adam, wanda aka gudanar a kasar Sweden . A shekarar 1973, aka kafa kungiyar jagoranci kan kare muhalli. A shekarar 1983, gwamnatin kasar Sin ta sanar da cewa kare muhalli zai zama manufar gwamnati. A shekarar 1998, kasar Sin ta fuskanci mummunan bala'i na ambaliyar ruwa, kuma gwamnatin kasar Sin ta daukaka kungiyar jagora zuwa hukumar ma'aikatar kula da muhalli, wadda daga baya ta zama hukumar kula da muhalli ta jiha.

## Matsayi
Dangane da ka'idojin da suka shafi Ma'aikatar, MEE tana da alhakin karewa, tsarawa, da saka idanu kan muhalli, da kuma aiwatar da manufofin muhalli. Yana da alhakin kula da gurɓataccen yanayi, kiyaye yanayin halittu, tsara ka'idodin muhalli, gudanar da kimanta tasirin muhalli، binciken kare muhalli. Magana da canjin yanayi, kula da manufofi na rage hayaki, kula da lafiyar nukiliya, da kuma hadin gwiwar muhalli na duniya. Har ila yau, tana da iko a kan hukumar Tsaro na nukiliya ta kasar Sin.

MEE tana tsara ingancin ruwa, ingancin iska na muhalli, sharar gida, ƙasa, hayaniya, rediyo. A fannin ayyukan R&D, wanda ya riga MEE MEP ya ba da kuɗin jerin "Key Laboratories" a sassa daban-daban na ƙasar, gami da: Laboratory for Urban Air Particles Prevention and Control for Environmental Protection, Laboratory on Environment and Health, Laboratory in Industrial Ecology, Laboratory a kan Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Recovery, da Laboratory on Biosafety.

## Ƙungiya
Akwai ofisoshi da sassan 12 a karkashin MEE, duk a matakin si (司) a cikin tsarin matsayi na gwamnati. Suna gudanar da ayyukan tsarawa a yankuna daban-daban kuma suna tabbatar da cewa hukumar tana aiki daidai. MEE ita ce g*idan* gudanarwa na Minista na Musamman na Harkokin Canjin Yanayi, babban wakilin kasar Sin kan tattaunawar canjin yanayi ta duniya. Ofishin Harkokin Canjin Yanayi na MEE ne ke tallafawa Jakadancin na Musamman, wanda mataimakin minista ke jagoranta.

## Manazarta
Mohamed Kamel Amr

**Mohamed Kamel Amr** (Arabic; an haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1942) ɗan siyasan Masar ne kuma ɗan diflomasiyya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Waje na Masar tsakanin shekara ta 2011 da 2013. Ya yi murabus daga mukamin a ranar 30 ga Yuni 2013. 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Amr a ranar 1 ga Disamba 1942 a Shobrareis, Gwamnatin Beheira, wani karamin ƙauye a cikin Kogin Nilu kusa da reshen Rosetta na Kogin Nulu, a cikin dangin masu mallakar ƙasa. Ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Alexandria a 1965 tare da digiri a fannin tattalin arziki da kimiyyar siyasa.

Bayan ya wuce jarrabawar sabis na ƙasashen waje, Amr ya shiga aikin ƙasashen waje na Masar a ƙarshen 1967. Daga nan, ya yi shekaru biyu yana horo a Cibiyar diflomasiyya ta Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje a Alkahira, Misira.

## Ayyuka
Bayan kammala karatunsa na aikin kasashen waje, an sanya Amr a Ofishin Ministan Harkokin Waje na Masar, Mahmoud Riad, a matsayin jami'in diflomasiyya. 

Bayan shekaru uku tare da Ofishin Ministan Harkokin Waje, an tura Amr zuwa Ofishin Jakadancin Masar a Addis Abba, Habasha, a matsayin Sakatare na Uku. Bayan ya kwashe shekara guda a Habasha, an tura Mista Amr zuwa Ofishin Jakadancin Masar a Landan, Ingila. Amr ya yi aiki a karkashin jakadu daban-daban guda uku a London, ciki har da Janar Saad-Eldin El-Shazly, wanda ya kasance Babban hafsan sojojin Masar a lokacin Yaƙin Oktoba na 1973.

Bayan kammala aikinsa a London, Amr ya koma Alkahira a 1976 a matsayin Sakatare na farko yana aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Mohamed Riad, Ministan Harkokin Waje. 

Aikin Amr na gaba ya kasance a Ofishin Jakadancin Masar a Beijing, China a matsayin Sakatare na farko a ƙarshen 1977. Lokacinsa a kasar Sin ya yi daidai da farkon canjin tattalin arzikin kasar Sin bayan mutuwar Mao Zedong da kuma hauhawar Deng Xiaoping . Wannan aikin ya bar babban tasiri a kan Amr a matsayin misali na ikon duniya ta uku don canzawa da sabunta kanta, a ƙarshe ya zama tattalin arziki na biyu mafi girma a duniya. Daga China, an tura Amr zuwa Ofishin Jakadancin Masar a Canberra, Ostiraliya, inda ya shafe shekaru biyu.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
A lokacinsa na hutu, Amr yana jin daɗin karatu, musamman game da ci gaban fasaha, tarihin duniya da tarihin ci gaban sojan ruwa tun zamanin sails zuwa yanzu da fasaha. Har ila yau, yana sha'awar marubucin littafin Burtaniya John Le Carre . Amr kuma yana jin daɗin daukar hoto da sauraron jazz da kiɗa na gargajiya. 

Amr ta auri Hayam Hussein tun shekarar 1969. Tare suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu da jikoki biyu.

## Manazarta
Elise Buckle

**Elise Breyton Buckle** shugabar yanayi ce ta Faransa da Switzerland, farfesa kuma masanin muhalli. Ita ce Shugaba kuma Shugaba na Climate Bridges .  Tana ɗaya daga cikin masu kafa SHE Changes Climate    kuma ta kafa SHE Builds Bridges. Ita farfesa ce a Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa da Kasa da Ci Gaban Ci Gaban don Cibiyar Nazaren Zartarwa ta Geneva kuma tana koyar da Ci gaba, Innovation da Kasuwanci a Cibiyar Ilimi ta Kasuwanci ta Glion. An zabe ta a matsayin memba na zartarwa a cikin gwamnatin birni ta Nyon, Switzerland . Ta kasance tana ba da shawara ga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da Canjin yanayi, mafita ta yanayi da horar da jagoranci don zaman lafiya da diflomasiyyar yanayi. Ita ma marubuciya ce da marubuciya. An zabi ta a matsayin Gasar Gender ta Duniya kuma co-shugaban kungiyar tasirin yanayi.

## Ilimi
Buckle tana da digiri na biyu na dangantakar kasa da kasa da ci gaba daga Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Siyasa - Kimiyya Po Paris da Jagora na Kimiyya a Tsarin Manufofin Muhalli da Gudanarwa daga Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London. Har ila yau, tana da takardar shaidar digiri na biyu a fannin Ilimi, na kasa da kasa daga Jami'ar Nottingham. A cikin 2023, Buckle ya kammala digiri a cikin Jagora na karni na 21 daga Makarantar Gwamnati ta Harvard Kennedy.

## Ayyuka
Buckle ya shawarci Jakadan Khan a matsayin Babban Mai Tattaunawa na Shugabancin UNFCCC COP23 Fiji wanda ya haifar da nasarar karɓar shawarar COP23 don Tattaunawar Talanoa da nufin haɓaka burin yanayi. Ta kuma kasance babban mai ba da shawara ga David Nabarro wanda Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Antonio Guterres ya nada a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa ga hadin gwiwar Yanayi.

## Manazarta
Ahmed Aboul Gheit

**Ahmed Aboul Gheit** ( Arabic   , kuma: **Abu al-Ghayt**, **Abu El Gheyt** ; an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Yuni 1942) ɗan siyasa ne kuma jami'in diflomasiyya na Masar. Ya kasance Sakatare Janar na Ƙungiyar Larabawa tun daga Yuli 2016.  An sake naɗa shi a wa'adi na biyu a ranar 3 ga Maris 2021.  Aboul-Gheit ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Waje na Masar daga 11 ga Yuli 2004 zuwa 6 ga Maris 2011. A da, tsakanin 1999 da 2004,  ya kasance Wakilin Dindindin na Masar a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya .  Alkali Nabil Elaraby ne ya gaje shi a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Waje a watan Maris 2011, bayan hambarar da Shugaba Hosni Mubarak .  An zaɓe shi Sakatare Janar na Ƙungiyar Larabawa a watan Maris 2016,  kuma wa'adinsa ya fara a ranar 3 ga Yuli 2016.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Ahmed Aboul Gheit a Heliopolis a Alkahira a ranar 12 ga Yuni 1942,  Ya yi karatun kasuwanci a Jami'ar Ain Shams, Alkahira .

## Ayyukan diflomasiyya
Aboul Gheit ya shiga rundunar diflomasiyya a shekarar 1965 bayan kammala jami'a, kuma ya tashi ta hanyar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Masar, yana da mukamai na diflomasiyyar a Roma, Nicosia, Moscow da New York. Ya shiga cikin tattaunawar a 1978 na Yarjejeniyar Camp David, wanda ya haifar da sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta Isra'ila da Masar. A shekara ta 1999, an nada shi wakilin dindindin na Masar a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, kafin a kira shi Alkahira a shekara ta 2004 don jagorantar diflomasiyya.

Aboul Gheit ya fara aikinsa a matsayin Sakatare na Uku a Ofishin Jakadancin Cyprus . Daga baya ya kasance Sakatare na farko na Jakadan Masar a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Mai ba da shawara kan siyasa a Ofishin Jakadancin Masar a Tarayyar Soviet a shekarar 1984, kuma Jakadan Masar zuwa Italiya, Makidoniya da San Marino. A shekara ta 1999 ya kasance shugaban tawagar Masar ta dindindin a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya . 

### Ministan harkokin waje
Aboul Gheit ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Waje na Masar daga 11 ga Yuli 2004 zuwa 6 ga Maris 2011. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2005, ya fara yin sulhu da Rikicin Chadi da Sudan. A shekara ta 2006, ya soki Paparoma Benedict na XVI kuma ya zarge shi da rashin fahimtar ainihin Islama.

A ranar 26 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2010, Aboul Gheit ya bude ofishin jakadancin Masar na farko a wajen Bagadaza a arewacin birnin Erbil, inda ya kuma gudanar da tattaunawa da Shugaban Iraqi Jalal Talabani . 

Bayan da aka kori shugaban Masar Hosni Mubarak a watan Fabrairun 2011, Aboul Gheit ya yi ritaya daga ma'aikatar harkokin waje don rubuta tarihinsa.

## manazarta
Jami'ar AI ta Duniya

**Jami'ar Universal AI** jami'a ce mai zaman kanta a Mumbai, Maharashtra,  ta ƙware a cikin darussan da ke sanya hankali na wucin gadi (AI) a cikin ƙirar su.  Yana ba da karatun digiri, digiri na biyu, da kuma karatun digiri a fannoni daban-daban.  

An kafa jami'ar a shekara ta 2009 a matsayin Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Duniya kuma ta zama jami'a a 2023, bayan wucewar Jami'ar AI ta Duniya, Dokar Karjat, 2022. Hukumar Gudanar da Jami'o'i da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Indiya ta amince da ita. Jami'ar ita ce Jami'ar AI ta farko da aka keɓe a Indiya.

## Tarihi, shugabanci da jagoranci

An kafa jami'ar ne a shekarar 2009 a matsayin Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Duniya a Karjat, Maharashtra ta ƙungiyar masu gudanarwa da malamai, gami da Gurdeep Singh Anand (mai ba da shawara kan gudanarwa kuma farfesa mai ziyara a Cibiyar Nazarin Gudanarwa ta Jamnalal Bajaj) da Tarun Anand (mutumin Thomson Reuters).  Cibiyar ta zama Jami'ar AI ta Duniya a 2023. Tarun Anand ya kasance shugaban jami'a  tun lokacin da aka kafa jami'ar.

## Malamai

Jami'ar tana ba da digiri na farko, digiri na biyu da digiri na digiri a ƙarƙashin makarantun AI da fasahar gaba, zane-zane da bil'adama, ƙira, da Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Duniya. Har ila yau, jami'ar tana ba da karatun digiri na farko na Gudanar da Kasuwanci da Jagora na Gudanarwa na Kasuwanci ga Jami'ar Cardiff Metropolitan, Burtaniya. Jami'ar ta kafa dakin gwaje-gwaje don koyo da gwaji tare da Haɓaka Gaskiya, Haɗakarwa Gaskiya, IoT, Blockchain. Ya kirkiro tsarin karatun da ke da ilmantarwa na kwarewa da aka saka a kowane hanya.  

### Haɗin kai da takaddun shaida
Jami'ar Universal AI ta digiri na biyu da kuma darussan zumunci sun sami amincewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Ilimi na Fasaha. Jami'ar AI ta Duniya ta amince da Hukumar Gudanar da Jami'o'i. Har ila yau memba ne na Ƙungiyar Jami'o'in Indiya.

#### Makarantar Gudanarwa ta UAi
An kafa Makarantar Gudanarwa ta UAi kuma an kafa ta a cikin 2011 a Karjat kuma ta bazu a fadin kadada 40. UAi-SoM ta zama makarantar kasuwanci ta farko da AICTE ta amince da ita. Har ila yau an san shi da Green B-School na farko na Indiya  tare da itatuwa sama da 7000 a harabar da kashi 40 cikin 100 na harabar ba tare da gini ba.  Har ila yau ita ce makarantar b ta farko da ta buga rahoton ESG. Yana ba da shirye-shiryen digiri na farko da na digiri na biyu a BBA, BBA + MBA, MBA da Executive MBA .   Har ila yau, ya tura tsarin karatun kore don koyar da 'tunanin kore' a cikin ɗalibai tare da darussan farko kamar Green Finance, Green Marketing, da Green Operations and Logistics.

## Manazarta
Majalisar Matasan Najeriya

**Majalisar Matasan Najeriya**  (NYP), wacce aka kafa a 2008 a karkashin gwamnatin Umaru Musa Yar'adua  GCFR, ita ce hukumar da ke kula da ayyukan matasa a Najeriya. Ta hanyar abun da ke ciki, kwatankwacin Red Chamber na Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa ne, kuma saboda haka, Majalisar ta ƙunshi mutane 109 da ke wakiltar dukkan gundumomin sanatoci a Najeriya. 

## Tarihi
Majalisar Matasan Najeriya (NYP) wata cibiyar horar da matasa ce da aka kirkira don karfafawa, karfafawa da karfafa kokarin karfafa matasa ta hanyar wakilcin matasa masu ma'ana wajen jagorantar ajandar ci gaban Najeriya.

Majalisar Matasan Najeriya, wacce ke karkashin kulawar Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa kuma Ma'aikatar Matasa da Ci gaban Wasanni ta Tarayyar Najeriya ce ta ba da tallafi, kungiya ce mai zaman kanta ga matasan Najeriya da aka kirkira bisa ga Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Ci gaban Matasa kuma bisa ga ƙudurin Shugabannin Gwamnatin Commonwealth da suka taru a Jamhuriyar Malta a shekara ta 2005 a matsayin dandamali inda za a iya jin muryoyin su kan manufofin gwamnati da ke shafar su kai tsaye.

## Masu Magana da suka gabata
Rt. Hon. Onofiok Luka shine Kakakin Majalisar Matasan Najeriya wanda ya yi aiki daga 2007 zuwa 2010.

Rt. Hon. Azeezat Yishawu, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Kakakin Majalisar 5, ta kammala aikinta a watan Nuwamba 2024. An kafa sabuwar Majalisar kuma an kaddamar da ita a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu, 2025, wanda ke nuna fitowar Rt. Hon. Aliyu Idris Zakari a matsayin Kakakin Taron 6 na Majalisar Matasan Najeriya.  Barr. An kuma zabi Chisom Jane Ikechukwu a matsayin Mataimakin Kakakin Majalisar 6.

## Manazarta
J S Battye Library

**Laburaren JS Battye** (wanda aka fi sani da Laburaren JS Battye na Tarihin Yammacin Ostiraliya) wani bangare ne na Laburaren Jihar Yammacin Ostiraliya. Yana adana mafi yawan bayanan tarihi na jihar da wallafe-wallafen asali ciki har da littattafai, jaridu, mujallu, taswira, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru a baya, da kuma kaset na tarihin baki, hotuna da zane-zane, fina-finai da bidiyo, da bayanan da ba na gwamnati ba waɗanda ake adana su a cikin tarin Taskar Tarihi na Keɓaɓɓu na laburare. Laburaren yana ba da ayyuka iri-iri, gami da ayyukan tunani, kwafi, da ayyukan tarihin iyali, da kuma ba da shawara da ilimin masu karatu.

## Wanda ya kafa

An sanya wa Laburare suna ne bayan James Sykes Battye, tsohon mai kula da Laburare na Jiha, wanda ya fara tattarawa a farkon shekarun 1900. An kafa shi a watan Disamba na 1956. 

## Masu kula da laburare
Mollie Lukis da Margaret Medcalf sun kasance magajin Battye a matsayin masu kula da dakunan karatu na Battye, kuma dogon aikin da suka yi wa Dakin karatu muhimmin bangare ne na ci gaban dakunan karatu. 

## Wuri
Laburaren Battye yana kan mataki na 3 na Laburaren Jiha na Yammacin Ostiraliya (wanda a da aka fi sani da Ginin Laburaren Alexander ). Ana iya samun damar shiga ga jama'a ta hanyar amfani da kayan aiki masu tsada da tsada daga Ɗakin Karatu na Leah Jane Chen. Akwai teburin taimako, masu karanta microfiche, kayan bincike da kwamfutoci.

## Abokai
Laburaren Abokan Battye sun kasance masu matuƙar taimako ga ɗakin karatu a lokacin da aka rage yawan ma'aikata da kuɗaɗen da gwamnati ta sanya wa fannin kuɗi. Ƙungiyar ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen jawo hankalin kuɗaɗen waje don ayyuka daban-daban ciki har da wallafe-wallafe. 

## Littattafai
A matakai daban-daban a tarihin ɗakin karatu, wallafe-wallafe sun kasance muhimmiyar alama ta tarin ɗakin karatu da kuma abubuwan da ke cikinsa.   

## Manazarta
Muhammad Ali Alluba

**Muhammad 'Ali 'Alluba** (Nuwamba 1875/1878 - 25 Maris 1956) lauya ne na Masar, ɗan ƙasar Larabawa kuma diflomasiyya.

## Manazarta
Laburaren Birnin Perth

**Laburaren Birnin Perth** sabis ne na ɗakin karatu na jama'a wanda Birnin Perth ke bayarwa. Laburaren yana kan titin Hay, kusa da zauren garin Perth. Yana cikin sake gina Dandalin Cathedral, wanda ke tsakanin Titin St Georges da Hay, Barrack da Pier.

Kafin a kammala ginin da ake ginawa a yanzu a shekarar 2016, an gina ɗakin karatu a wurare da dama, kwanan nan an gina shi a lamba 140 William Street a yankin kasuwanci na tsakiyar Perth.[1]

## Tarihi
Tun lokacin da aka kafa ɗakin karatu na birnin Perth, an gina shi a wurare da dama. Wurin yana nan ne inda aka gina ɗakin karatu a baya a cikin wani gini da aka rushe yanzu, a cikin ginshiki. 

### Ginin da ake da shi a yanzu
An bai wa Kerry Hill Architects kyautar ƙirar sabon ɗakin karatu a shekarar 2011.  Birnin Perth ya ba Doric Contractors kwangilar gini ta dala miliyan 33, wadda ta fara ayyukan gini a shekarar 2013. Laburare shi ne ginin jama'a na farko da birnin Perth ya gina tun bayan da aka gina Perth Concert Hall a shekarar 1972. Ana sa ran kammalawa kafin ƙarshen shekarar 2014.  An buɗe sabon ɗakin karatu a ranar 1 ga Maris, 2016.

Dakin karatu yana da zane mai zagaye wanda ke da benaye bakwai, fuskokin gilashi, da ginshiƙai masu lulluɓe da dutse. Ginin ya ƙunshi  lambun tsaye, mafi tsayi a Perth, tare da tsirrai sama da 3500.  Rufin yana ɗauke da hoton bango na mai zane Andrew Nicholls mai taken *Delight and Hurt Not*, wanda ke nuna aikin ƙarshe na Shakespeare 's *The Tempest* wanda aka zana tare da furanni da fauna na Yammacin Australiya.

## Hotunan Hotuna

Fayil:City_of_Perth_Library_Northwest.jpg|alt=Northwest view of the Library| Duban Laburare na Arewa maso Yamma
Fayil:City_of_Perth_Library_Level_One.jpg|alt=Level One of the library| Mataki na Ɗaya na ɗakin karatu
Fayil:City_of_Perth_Library_Stairs.jpg|alt=Staircase inside the library| Matakala a cikin ɗakin karatu
Fayil:City_of_Perth_Library_Tree_of_Knowledge.jpg|alt=Tree of Knowledge| Bishiyar Ilimi
Fayil:Cathedral_Square_Perth_Hay_Street.jpg|alt=The Library and the State Buildings| Laburare da Gine -ginen Jiha


## Manazarta
Alfredo Sirkis

**Alfredo Helio Syrkis**  (8 Disamba 1950 - 10 Yuli 2020) marubuci ne na Brazil (wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Jabuti, a 1981),  ɗan jarida, manajan muhalli na birane kuma tsohon ɗan majalisa,  bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Kwamitin Majalisar Canjin Yanayi na Haɗin Kai - CMMC,  kuma mataimakin shugaban Hukumar Harkokin Waje da Tsaro ta Kasa. Ya kasance dan takarar shugaban kasa na Green Party na Brazil a zaben 1998. A shekara ta 2010, an zabe shi a majalisar dokokin Brazil (2011-2014) amma ya yanke shawarar kada ya sake tsayawa takara a shekarar 2014.

## Marubuci kuma ɗan jarida
Alfredo Sirkis ya wallafa littattafai goma, ciki har da littattafai biyu mafi kyawun ƙasa, Os Carbonários,  wanda aka ba shi a 1981, babban kyautar wallafe-wallafen Brazil - Prêmio Jabuti - da Roleta Chilena.  Littafinsa na baya-bayan nan shine Descarbonário da aka buga a Brazil wanda ke da fassarar Turanci Decarbonizer da za a buga nan ba da daɗewa ba. Ya tattauna canjin 'Yanci' da kuma gwagwarmayarsa ta shekaru 30 a kan batun. Ya kasance mai haɗin gwiwar jaridu na Brazil: O Globo, Folha de São Paulo, O Estado de São Paulo. Ya kuma rubuta rubutun fina-finai don talabijin da sinima. Sirkis ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida tun lokacin da yake gudun hijira: Libération da Le Monde Diplomatique (1973-79, Faransa), Expresso, Diario Popular, Republica, A Gazeta da Semana, Jornal Novo, Cadernos do Terceiro Mundo (1994-99 - Portugal) sannan a Brazil: Veja (1982-83) da Istoé (1993).

## Ayyukan cikin gida
An zabe shi sau hudu a Majalisar Birnin Rio de Janeiro (88, 92, 96 da 2008) kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan Rio na Muhalli (1993-1996) da kuma Gudanar da Birane (2001-2006)  tare da shugabancin Cibiyar Shirye-shiryen Birane ta Pereira Passos (IPP).

## Mai ba da shawara
Ya kasance dan majalisa mafi yawan kuri'u a shekarar 1988  kuma an sake zabarsa a shekarar 1992, 1996, da 2008. A matsayinsa na dan majalisa ya kirkiro Yankunan Kare Muhalli (APA)  na Prainha, Bosque da Freguesia da Lagoa de Marapendi. Ya kasance mai ba da rahoto ga surori na muhalli na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Municipal da Shirin Directory kuma marubucin abin da ake kira Sirkis Law: masu karfafa haraji don ayyukan muhalli, wanda ya taimaka wajen kafa Global Forum 9, taron jama'a a lokacin 1992 Earth Summit, a Rio. Ya jagoranci kwamitin bincike na majalisa game da ayyukan tsaro masu zaman kansu ba bisa ka'ida ba, kuma ya kasance Kwamishinan Muhalli.

## Kwamishinan Gudanar da Birane da Shugaban IPP
Ya kasance kwamishinan gudanar da birane kuma shugaban IPP - Pereira Passos Urban Planning Institute (2001 zuwa 2006). Kungiyarsa ta haɓaka shirin manyan ayyukan birane 18 don sake farfado da yankin tashar jiragen ruwa. Ya inganta sake gina Circo Voador - warware wani mummunan rikici na birane - ya sauƙaƙa gina Cidade do Samba, Vila Olimpica da Gamboa da Cibiyar Taron a Cidade Nova. Ya kafa manufofi masu kariya ga unguwanni na Jardim Botânico, Botafogo da Lagoa. Ya tsara Majalisar Birnin Siyasa ta Birane (Compur) kuma ya kirkiro Tsarin Gudanar da Birni (CRU) wanda ya shiga tsakani a cikin favelas 61 da ke kafa dokoki don gina doka don haɗa waɗannan al'ummomin zuwa birni.

## Manazarta