open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Bernie Doneley

**John Bernard Tyson Doneley** (2 Yuli 1909 - 22 Yuni 1972) ɗan wasan rugby ne na ƙasa da ƙasa na Australiya. 

An haifi Doneley a Samford, kusa da Brisbane, kuma ya yi karatunsa a Kwalejin Nudgee.

A matsayinsa na ɗan wasan baya, Doneley ya buga wa ƙungiyar Brisbane GPS, kuma a shekarar 1933 ya sami damar shiga gasar Wallabies don yin rangadin Afirka ta Kudu . Ya buga wasanni takwas a lokacin rangadin, amma babu ɗaya daga cikin wasannin Springboks, kuma sau da yawa ana amfani da shi a matsayin mai zura kwallo a raga, inda ya sami maki 32. A shekarar 1934, Doneley ya wakilci ƙungiyar XV ta Australiya a kan All Blacks kuma ya zura kwallaye biyu a bugun fenariti a wani wasa da ya sha kashi. Ya kuma buga wa ƙungiyar All Blacks ta Queensland wasa a wannan rangadin. A cikin shekaru shida na aji ɗaya a Brisbane, Doneley ya tara tarihin gasar da maki 770, sau ɗaya kawai ya kasa wuce maki ɗari a kakar wasa ɗaya.[1]

## Duba kuma

* Jerin 'yan wasan ƙungiyar ƙwallon rugby ta ƙasa ta Australiya

## Manazarta
Frank Forrest Latta

**Frank Forrest Latta** (1892-1983), masanin tarihi California ne kuma Masanin ilimin lissafi na Mutanen Yokuts . Ya kuma rubuta tarihin farkon mazaunin Turai-Amurka na Kwarin San Joaquin.

## Rayuwa ta farko
Frank Forrest Latta ɗan ministan Presbyterian Eli C. Latta ne kuma malamin Harmonia Campbell, an haife shi a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 1892, a cikin Stanislaus County, kusa da Orestimba Creek . Latta ya rayu mafi yawan rayuwarsa a kwarin San Joaquin . Mahaifinsa da 'yan uwansa uku sun zo California daga Arkansas a lokacin California Gold Rush . Mahaifinsa da ɗan'uwansa sun kasance a California, inda mahaifiyarsa ta haɗu da su. Ɗaya daga cikin ɗan'uwa ya koma Arkansas, kuma na uku ya rubuta cewa yana komawa Arkansas tare da $ 8,000 a cikin zinariya, amma ya ɓace ba tare da wata alama ba.

## Tarihin tarihi
Lokacin da ba ta koyarwa ba, Latta tana tafiya a cikin kwarin San Joaquin, tana hira da majagaba na Turai da 'yan asalin Amurka, tattara kayan tarihi da labarai, ko rubutu a gida. Ya wallafa labarai da yawa a cikin jaridu na San Joaquin Valley a cikin shekarun 1920 da 1930.  

## Rayuwa ta baya
A ƙarshen rayuwarsa, Latta ya buga jerin littattafai da ke hulɗa da masu laifi na tarihi da sauran abubuwa. An buga Dalton Gang Days da *Saga na Rancho El Tejon* a shekara ta 1976. Tailholt Tales, wani fadada version na Mayfield memoir, an kuma buga a wannan shekarar. , shekaru da yawa bayan kokarinsa na farko na gyarawa, yin sharhi da cika asalin ƙarancin ƙarancin  a cikin 1920s. Death Valley '49ers an fara bugawa a 1979, kuma Joaquín Murrieta da His Horse Gangs, an buga su a 1980.

Latta ta mutu a Santa Cruz a ranar 8 ga Mayu, 1983. An binne shi a Kabari na Hills Ferry a Newman, California, ba da nisa da inda aka haife shi ba.

## Manazarta
Elizabeth Sandford

**Elizabeth Sandford**, an haife ta da suna **Elizabeth Gabriel Poole**, wacce ta rubuta a matsayin **Misis John Sandford** (1797/8 - 15 Satumba 1853) ƙwararriyar ɗabi'ar gida ce ta Birtaniya . Ta rubuta littattafan shawarwari ga mata don taimaka musu da aikin gida da na biyu ga maza.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Sandford a shekarar 1797 ko 1798, mahaifinta shine Richard J. Poole na Sherbourne  kuma ta lura lokacin da ta buga littafinta na farko a shekarar 1831 da sunan "Mrs John Sandford".  and she comes to notice when she published her first book in 1831 under the name of "Mrs John Sandford". The book was titled *Woman in her Social and Domestic Character* Littafin mai suna *"Mace a cikin Halinta na zamantakewa da na gida*  kuma an yi shi ne musamman ga mata masu karatu. Littafin ya yi kyau sosai. 

Ta auri John Sandford, wanda aka naɗa kwanan nan a matsayin limamin cocin Queensberry a ranar 23 ga Agusta, 1825 a Wells da ke Somerset. Sabon mijinta ɗan uwanta ne na biyu, kuma 'yar uwarta Ethel Maria Ruscombe Poole ta auri ɗan'uwan Henry Poole, Ernest Grey Sandford.  

Elizabeth Sandford ta zama marubuciya mai shahara a fannin rubuce-rubuce kan ɗabi'un gida. Mijinta ya zama firaministan Chillingham da ke Northumberland a shekarar 1827, limamin Long Acre, London, kuma shugaban Dunchurch a shekarar 1836. 

Littattafan Sandford sun shawarci mata su karɓi aikin gida da na biyu daga maza.

'Yarsu Margaret ta zama marubuciya kuma ta auri Henry Ryder Poole Sandford .

## Mutuwa da gado
Sandford ta mutu a Dunchurch a shekarar 1853 a shekarar da mijinta ya ɗauki Grimley da Hallow (1853). Ya riƙe babban cocin Alvechurch kusa da Bromsgrove daga 1854 har zuwa mutuwarsa kuma daga baya ya zama babban malamin Coventry. Ya sake yin aure a 1856. 'Yarta, Margaret Sandford, daga baya, ta zama shugabar Makarantar Sarauniya da ke Chester.

An ci gaba da tsarin Sandford game da rawar da mata ke takawa ta hanyar rubuce-rubucen Sarah Stickney Ellis  wacce ta buɗe makaranta bisa ga ra'ayoyinta. 

## Manazarta
Ben Donaldson (ƙungiyar rugby)

**Ben Donaldson** tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙungiyar rugby ta ƙasar Australiya wanda ya buga wasa a shekarun 2000. Tsohon ɗalibi a Kwalejin St. Joseph's Nudgee, ya buga wa Newcastle Knights wasa daga 2000 zuwa 2001.[1]

## Manazarta
Busi Kheswa

**Busi Kheswa** 'yar gwagwarmayar LGBT ce ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma masanin tarihin baki. Ta fi shahara da jagorantar Forum for the Empowerment of Women (FEW). wanda ke aiki don ingantawa da kare haƙƙin mata LGBT a Afirka ta Kudu.

## Ayyuka
Kheswa memba ne a cikin kungiyoyi da yawa waɗanda ke da hannu a cikin haƙƙin LGBT a Afirka ta Kudu, gami da Gay and Lesbian Archives (GALA) da Lesbian and Gay Equality Project (LGEP) da kuma FEW . GALA kungiya ce da ke yin rikodin gwagwarmaya da tarihin 'yan Afirka ta Kudu na LGBT, kuma suna amfani da labarun su don shirye-shiryen da ke kalubalantar homophobia da inganta haƙƙin ɗan luwaɗi. Kheswa ne ke kula da samun tarihi don tarin gani da GALA ta haɗa, da kuma ba da gudummawa ga ayyukan ilimi na jama'a. LGEP kungiya ce ta masu fafutuka da ke aiki a kan inganta dokar don tabbatar da 'yancin LGBT na Afirka ta Kudu.

A matsayinsa na darektan tushe na FEW, aikin Kheswa ya taimaka wajen yin amfani da kariya daga laifukan ƙiyayya, gami da fyade na gyaran mata, wanda ke faruwa akai-akai kuma sau da yawa ba a hukunta shi ba, duk da cewa yana adawa da dokar Afirka ta Kudu wanda ya bayyana cewa mutanen LGBT suna da adalci da daidaito. Mata galibi suna fuskantar azabtarwa ta jiki, fyade, har ma da mutuwa. An kafa FEW a shekara ta 2002 a Johannesburg, kuma yana amfani da kayan aiki iri-iri don kara amincewa da haƙƙin ɗan luwaɗi ciki har da shirye-shiryen jagoranci don ƙarfafa mutane su tsaya don kansu da al'ummominsu, shirya kamfen ɗin da ke neman dokokin aikata laifukan ƙiyayya, da ayyukan haƙƙin kiwon lafiya.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Kheswa kuma dattijo ne a Hope and Unity Metropolitan Community Church, wanda shine ikilisiyar gay ta farko a Afirka.

## Manazarta
Mark Klempner

**Mark Klempner** (11 ga Yuli, 1956 - 3 ga Maris, 2019 ) masanin tarihin Amurka ne, Masanin tarihin baki kuma mai sharhi na zamantakewa.

## Rayuwa ta farko
Klempner ya girMA a Birnin New York, kuma ya halarci Jami'ar Cornell, ya kammala karatun Phi Beta Kappa a shekarar 1997, kuma ya lashe J. William Fulbright Fellowship . A shekara ta 2000, ya sami MA a fannin al'adu daga Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill.

Daga baya a rayuwa, ya koma Costa Rica kuma ya koyar da rubutun Ingilishi a makarantar Blue Valley.

## Bayani
Labaran Klempner game da tsarin tarihin baki sun bayyana a duniya a cikin mujallu masu sana'a da litattafai irin su The Oral History Reader . Ya kuma kasance mai baƙon labaran labaran labarai na yau da kullun kamar Christian Science Monitor da Baltimore Sun da kuma labaran addini masu ci gaba kamar National Catholic Reporter da *[[Tikkun (magazine)|Tikkun]]* . Sau da yawa maganganu suna magance matsalolin siyasa da zamantakewa masu wahala, kamar su "The Internet: Our Last Hope for a Free Press," wanda ya sami fiye da 1,000 Diggs. An kuma nuna shi a matsayin mai sharhi na rediyo a kan Morning Edition, kuma an yi masa tambayoyi a Air America Radio, NPR, Prime Time Radio da sauran kafofin watsa labarai a Amurka. Ya kuma kasance mai tambayoyin, musamman na marubuci Tracy Kidder, wanda ya yi magana da Klempner game da hotonsa na Dokta Paul Farmer da aka samu a littafin Mountains Beyond Mountains . Labaran Klempner sun bayyana a intanet a shafukan yanar gizo kamar Common Dreams, Alternet, The Huffington Post, The Social Edge da Sojo Mail, jaridar mako-mako ta Jim Wallis 'Sojourners.

## Manazarta
Wendy Lowenstein

**Wendy Lowenstein** (an haife ta **Katherin Wendy Robertson**; 25 Yuni 1927 - 16 Oktoba 2006) ta kasance masanin tarihin Australiya, marubuciya, kuma malama. Ta fara Tarihin baki a Ostiraliya, kuma ta zama sananne bayan aikinta na 1978, Weevils in the Flour, ya zama mafi kyawun sayarwa. Ta fara tattara al'adun gargajiya da tarihin baki na rayuwar aiki ta farko ta Australiya a cikin shekarun 1960. Ta shahara ne saboda rikodin abubuwan da mutane ke fuskanta a yau da kullun da kuma aikinta na zamantakewa.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Wendy Lowenstein Katherin Wendy Robertson a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1927, 'yar Douglas da Rita Robertson. 

A shekara ta 1939 ta sami tallafin karatu don karatu a makarantar Grammar ta Box Hill, kuma ta tafi taron siyasa na farko a wannan shekarar. Lokacin da take da shekaru 15, ta shiga 'yar'uwarta Shirley da ɗan'uwanta John a cikin Kungiyar Matasa ta Eureka (ƙungiyar matasa ta Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Ostiraliya), da kuma Sabon gidan wasan kwaikwayo a Melbourne, ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo mai tsattsauran ra'ayi.

## Ayyuka
Lowenstein ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar makarantar firamare a shekarun 1960, kuma ta kasance mawaƙiyar waƙoƙin gargajiya .  Daga baya ta yi aiki a wurare daban-daban, ciki har da malamar makarantar sakandare,  malamar ɗakin karatu, mai gyara rubutu, ɗan jarida na bugawa da rediyo, mai tattara labaran tatsuniyoyi, marubuci, masanin tarihin baki, da kuma mai magana da yawun jama'a kan rayuwar aiki da buga littattafai kai tsaye.

Lowenstein ya buga Weevils in the Flour a cikin 1978, kuma ya fara rubuta wani littafi, Dead Men Don't Dig Coal, wanda ba a kammala shi ba. Ɗanta, mai shirya fina-finai Richard Lowenstein, ya yi amfani da tambayoyin daga Weevils in the Flour, amma an yi amfani da taken rubutun da ba a buga ba a cikin fim ɗin.

## Rubuce-rubucen tarihin baki
Tarihin Tarihin Magana na Lowenstein  ya ƙunshi akalla awanni 741 na tambayoyin da aka rubuta tsakanin 1969 da 1999. Tattaunawar da ke cikin tarin sun rufe batutuwa daban-daban, gami da tasirin zamantakewa na shekarun 1930 da rayuwar aiki a Ostiraliya; waƙoƙin yara; Al'adun Australiya; masu ɗaukar lu'u-lu'u; Yajin aikin Gurindji ("Wave Hill walk-off"); da kuma rikicin ruwa na Patrick a Melbourne Docklands a cikin 1998.

## Manazarta
Jane Alice Sargant

Jane Alice Sargant (1789–1869) marubuciya ce 'yar Birtaniya wadda ta rubuta rubuce-rubuce masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da na addini a nau'o'i daban-daban, ciki har da almarar yara, waƙoƙi, tarihin rayuwa, wasan kwaikwayo, littattafan gudanarwa, da ƙasidu na siyasa.

An haifi Jane Alice Smith a shekarar 1789 a Tsibirin Ely, 'yar John Smith, likitan tiyata, da Eleanor Moore. Daga cikin 'yan uwanta da dama, ita ce mafi kusanci da Sir Harry Smith, Baronet na 1, wani jami'in sojan Burtaniya kuma Gwamna kuma Babban Kwamishina na Kudancin Afirka . Ta auri Daniel Sargant a shekarar 1807. Ya mutu a shekarar 1826 kuma ta zama malamar makaranta a Hackney kuma marubuciya mai himma don kula da kanta. Ta mutu a Hackney a shekarar 1869. 

Tarin waƙoƙin *Sonnets da Sauran Waƙoƙi* ya ƙunshi waƙoƙi da yawa na goyon bayan yaƙi.  Ta rubuta littattafai da dama da ƙungiyar inganta ilimin Kirista ta buga, waɗanda labaransu suka koyar da yara kan nauyin da ke kansu.  Rubuce-rubucenta na siyasa masu ra'ayin mazan jiya sun haɗa da littafin 1832 mai goyon bayan bauta mai suna *"An Address to the Females of Great Britain"* da kuma littafin 1852 *mai taken "Remarkable by Strictures",* wanda ya yi Allah wadai da matan Amurka saboda rashin yin wani abu don *kawo ƙarshen* bauta.  

## Littattafan tarihi

### Waƙa

* *Sonnets da Sauran Waƙoƙi* Hatchard, 1817.  
* *Karin bayani daga aikin hajjin St. Caroline : tare da bayanin kula, na wata Ba’amurke* W. Wright, 1821 

### Almarar yara

* *Karyewar Hannu: Labarin Makaranta na Ƙasa* . 1 juzu'i. London: SPCK, 1847. 
* *<nowiki/>'Yan'uwa* . 1 juzu'i. London: SPCK, 1848. 
* *Inuwar Halayya: Jerin Farko* . 1 juzu'i. London: SPCK, 1850. 
* *Ann Ash: ko, The Foundling* . 1 vol. London: JH da J. Parker, 1851. 
* *Barin Well Alone* . 1 juzu'i. London: SPCK, 1851. 
* *Amma Sau ɗaya* . 1 juzu'i. London: SPCK, 1851. 
* *Maƙwabta Masu Kyau: Labarin Kwalara a 1849.* 1 juzu'i. London: SPCK, 1852. 
* *Babu Ƙarya Tana Bunƙasa: Labari* . 1 juzu'i. London: SPCK, 1853. 
* *Labarun Gida, An kafa a kan Gaskiya* . 1 juzu'i. London: SPCK, 1853. 
* *Charlie Burton: Labari* . 1 juzu'i. London: SPCK, 1856. 
* *Labarun Wuta* . 2 vol. London: SPCK, 1857. 

### Almara

* *Ringstead Abbey: ko kuma, Kabarin Baƙo; tare da Wasu Labarai* (1830)  

### Takardu

* *Jawabi ga Peers of England* (1820) 
* *Wasika Zuwa Ga Sarauniya* (1820) 
* *Jawabi ga Matan Burtaniya, kan Haƙƙin Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa kan Kawar da Bautar 'Yan Kabilar Baƙi* (1833) 
* *Jawabai da aka gabatar ta hanyar Strictures in the Courier da New York Enquirer na Disamba 1852* (1853) 

### Littattafan gudanarwa

* *Wasiku daga Uwa zuwa ga 'yarta a makaranta ko kuma a makaranta Tana nuna nauyin da ke kanta ga Mahaliccinta, Mulkinta, Abokan Makaranta da Kanta* (1825) 

### Wasanni

* *Joan of Arc* (1840) 

## Manazarta
Felix Dittmer

**Felix Cyril Sigismund Dittmer** (27 Yuni 1904 - 29 Agusta 1977)  ɗan siyasan Australiya ne. 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Felix Cyril Sigismund Dittmer a ranar 27 ga Yuni 1904 a Queensland" id="mwFw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Dugandan, Queensland">Dugandan, Queensland, ɗan Gustav Dittmer da matarsa Marie Farris (née Massie). Mahaifinsa masanin sunadarai ne wanda aka haife shi a Jamus.

Ya yi karatun firamare a makarantar St Mary's Convent a Bowen da Childers State School. Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Jihar Childers, inda ya sami sakamako mafi girma na kowane dalibi kasancewa dux kuma ya lashe kyaututtuka a duk batutuwansa. Ya kammala karatun sakandare a Nudgee" id="mwIw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="St Joseph's College, Nudgee">Kwalejin St Joseph, Nudgee a Brisbane. Shi ne dalibi na farko daga Gundumar Isis da aka ba shi tallafin karatu na jami'a. Daga baya ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Queensland da Jami'ar Sydney, ya zama likita. Ya kasance likitan tiyata mai daraja a Brisbane.

Dittmer ya yi aiki a Proserpine (1932-1940) da Brisbane (1940-1943), ya zama ƙwararren kunne, hanci da makogwaro. Ya shiga cikin Sojojin Australiya a watan Agustan 1943 kuma ya yi aiki tare da Sojojin Kiwon Lafiya na Australiya har zuwa Fabrairu 1946, lokacin da ya koma Sojojin Tsaro. Yayinda yake zaune a Arewacin Queensland, Dittmer ya sayi ma'adinin zinariya a Yankin Whitsunday. Ya kafa Dittmer Gold Mines Limited kuma garin Dittmer ya girma a kusa da ma'adinin; an kashe kamfanin a shekarar 1952. 

## Siyasa
Dittmer ya kasance shugaban reshen Graceville na ALP . Ya fara tsayawa takarar majalisa a zaben Majalisar Dokokin Queensland na 1943 a kujerar Oxley . Ya kuma tsaya a Zaben jihar na 1944. [1] A shekara ta 1950, an zabi Dittmer a Majalisar Dokoki a matsayin memba na Labor na Mount Gravatt; ya yi Aiki a takaice a matsayin mataimakin shugaban Labor na jihar a shekara ta 1957.[2] Ya rasa kujerarsa a Zaben jihar na 1957, amma a 1958, an zabe shi a Majalisar Dattijan Australiya a matsayin Sanata na Labor na Queensland.[2] Ya kasance a cikin Majalisar Dattijai har sai da ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1970, ya fara aiki a shekarar 1971.[3]

## Rayuwa ta baya
Dittmer ya mutu a shekara ta 1977 kuma an binne shi a Kabari na Dutsen Gravatt . 

## Manazarta
John MacInnes (masanin Gaelic)

**John MacInnes** (Scottish Gaelic: *Iain MacAonghuis*, *Iain mac Ruairidh mhic Iain mhic Néill mhic Mhaol Mhoire mhic Iaan mhic Mhao Chaluim* ), 3 ga Afrilu 1930 a Uig, Lewis - 10 ga Mayu 2019,  masanin Gaelic ne na Scotland kuma yana da iko a kan al'adun baki na Gaelic na Scotland. An haife shi a Uig, Lewis, amma ya girma a Raasay,  kuma ya yi sha'awar al'adun Gaelic yayin da yake matashi kuma ya yi ƙoƙari sosai don neman shi daga cikin iyalinsa da al'umma. 

A shekara ta 1948, John MacInnes ya tafi karatu a Jami'ar Edinburgh kuma an ba shi tallafin karatu a Gaelic wanda Ikilisiyar Scotland ta kafa. Yayinda yake karatun digiri, ya kasance memba na Kwamitin Edita na *Jabberwock*, mujallar bita da dalibai suka samar wacce ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan motocin Renaissance na Scottish Literary .  A shekara ta 1958, an nada MacInnes a cikin Junior Research Fellowship a Makarantar Nazarin Scotland kuma ya shafe shekaru yana gudanar da aikin gona tsakanin masu magana da Gaelic a Scotland da Nova Scotia, Kanada. Ya sami digirinsa na PhD daga Jami'ar, a kan batun shayari na Gaelic, a shekara ta 1975. MacInnes ya yi ritaya daga Makarantar Nazarin Scotland a 1993.

John MacInnes ya rubuta wani muhimmin bangare na asali game da fannoni na ilimin harshe na Gaelic na Scotland, al'adun gargajiya, labarin baki, waƙa, rawa, tarihi da imani na asali waɗanda ke ci gaba da sanar da ilimin zamani. An buga cikakken littafi da zaɓin waɗannan rubutun a matsayin *Duthchas nan Gàidheal* . Wani fitowar musamman na mujallar Scottish Studies ya ƙunshi bayanan rayuwa da kewayon labaran da ke murna da fadada abubuwan da suka faru na MacInnes.

A cikin shekara ta 2015, an amince da John MacInnes tare da lambar yabo ta 'Ayyuka ga Gaelic' ta hanyar The Scottish Traditional Music Hall of Fame, kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta'a mafi kyawun gudummawa' daga Daily Record da Bòrd na Gàidhlig Scottish Gaelic Awards a wannan shekarar.

Ya auri Wendy MacInnes (née Dunn) tare da ita yana da 'ya'ya biyu, Ruairi da Catríona . Yana da jikoki biyu, Sinéad da Roddy. 

## Manazarta
Henry Mayhew

**Henry Mayhew** (25 Nuwamba 1812 - 25 Yuli 1887) ɗan jaridar Ingila ne, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, kuma mai ba da shawara kan sake fasalin. Ya kasance daya daga cikin wadanda suka kirkiro mujallar satirical Punch a 1841, kuma ya kasance editan mujallar, tare da Mark Lemon, a farkon kwanakinsa. An kuma san shi da aikinsa a matsayin mai binciken zamantakewa, yana buga jerin labaran jarida masu yawa a cikin Morning Chronicle wanda daga baya aka tattara shi cikin littafi mai nau'i uku na London Labour and the London Poor (1851), bincike mai ban sha'awa da tasiri game da matalautan birnin.

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta farko
An haife shi a Landan, na goma sha uku cikin yara 17 ga Joshua Mayhew . Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Westminster kafin ya gudu daga karatunsa zuwa teku. Daga nan ya yi aiki tare da Kamfanin Gabashin Indiya a matsayin midshipman a cikin jirgin da ke kan hanyar zuwa Calcutta. Ya dawo bayan shekaru da yawa, a cikin 1829, ya zama lauya mai horar da shi a Wales. Ya bar wannan aikin ya zama ɗan jarida mai zaman kansa. Ya ba da gudummawa ga The Thief, mai karatu, ya biyo baya da sauri ta hanyar kafa mujallar ban dariya ta mako-mako - *Figaro a Landan* (1831-1839). Mayhew ya gudu daga masu bashi kuma ya ɓoye a Erwood Inn, wani ƙaramin gidan jama'a a ƙauyen Erwood, kudu da Builth Wells a Wales.

### Paris da rubuce-rubuce
A shekara ta 1835, Mayhew ya tsinci kansa cikin halin bashi, tare da wani abokin aikinsa, ya tsere zuwa Paris don guje wa masu bashi.  Ya shafe lokacinsa yana rubutu tare da sauran marubuta ciki har da William Thackeray da Douglas Jerrold . Mayhew ya shafe sama da shekaru 10 a Paris, ya koma Ingila a shekarun 1850, inda ya shiga cikin kasada da dama na adabi, galibi rubuta wasannin kwaikwayo. Wasannin kwaikwayo guda biyu - *The* *Wandering Minstrel* (1834) da *But, However* (1842) - sun yi nasara, yayin da aikinsa na farko *na Figaro a Landan* bai yi nasara ba. 

### Mujallar Punch

A ranar 17 ga Yulin 1841, Mayhew ya kafa Mujallar Punch . A lokacin da aka kafa shi, Mayhew da Mark Lemon ne suka hada hannu wajen shirya mujallar. Mutanen biyu sun hayar da ƙungiyar marubuta da masu zane-zane don taimaka musu. Wadannan sun hada da Douglas Jerrold, Angus Reach, John Leech, Richard Doyle, da Shirley Brooks. Da farko, an sanya mujallar a matsayin The London *Charivari*, yana mai da hankali ga mujallar satirical humor da aka buga a Faransa a ƙarƙashin taken Le Charivari (aikin da Mayhew ke karantawa sau da yawa yayin da yake Paris). Da yake nuna niyyar su na satirical da na ban dariya, editocin biyu sun ɗauki sunansu kuma sun jagoranci ɗan wasan safofin hannu mai banƙyama Mr. Punch.

## Manazarta
Kevin J. McCaffrey

**Kevin J. McCaffrey** ɗan fim ne na Amurka, marubuci, edita, kuma masanin tarihin baki wanda ke zaune a New Orleans . Ayyukansa na rubuce-rubuce da na adana bayanai sun fi mayar da hankali kan tarihin Louisiana da al'adu, tare da jaddada tarihin abinci na yankin da batutuwan muhalli. Ayyukan McCaffrey sun sami karbuwa na kasa da na yanki. Ya yi aiki tare da wasu sanannun kungiyoyi da aka sadaukar don adana tarihin da al'adun Louisiana da New Orleans, gami da New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Foundation,  Louisiana State Museum,  Tarihin New Orleans Collection,  WYES-TV,  Loyola's Center for Environmental Communication, da Louisiana Folklife Commission.

## Ayyuka
McCaffrey da farko ya fara aikinsa na sana'a a aikin jarida, ya fara da jaridar kwalejinsa da mujallar adabi a Kwalejin Spring Hill .  Littafinsa na farko na kasa ya bayyana a cikin 1973 "Fear and Loathing at the Watergate" fitowar Rolling Stone.

A farkon shekarun 1980, McCaffrey ya koma New Orleans kuma ya shiga masana'antar sayar da littattafai; ya zama mai aiki a cikin masu sayar da littattafan New Orleans kuma daga baya, babban mutum a matakin ƙasa. Ayyukansa na al'umma a lokacin sun haɗa da kafa kungiyar New Orleans Gulf South Booksellers Association (NOGSBA); a cikin 1985, yayin da yake aiki a matsayin shugaban NOGSBA, McCaffrey ya kafa alfarwar littafi mai tsawo a New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival a kokarin inganta shagunan littattafai da marubuta na gida. A wannan lokacin, ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin kafa bikin wallafe-wallafen Tennessee Williams & New Orleans, wanda aka samo asali ne don yaki da koma bayan tattalin arzikin da ke gudana a lokacin; an kiyasta bikin na farko ya kawo kusan masu halarta 500; tun daga 2021, taron shekara-shekara ya rubuta masu halarta 12,000+. A shekara ta 1986, an zabi McCaffrey a cikin kwamitin daraktocin kungiyar masu sayar da littattafai ta Amurka kuma ya ci gaba da aiki a karo na biyu a shekara ta 1989.

A farkon shekarun 2000, aikin McCaffrey ya sauya zuwa tarihin baki da aikin takardu, tare da takamaiman mayar da hankali kan adana al'adun Louisiana, tarihin abinci, da muhalli. Fim dinsa na farko A Common Pot: Creole Cooking on Cane River ya fara ne a WYES-TV a shekara ta 2003. Fim dinsa na shekara ta 2009, We Live To Eat: New Orleans" Love Affair With Food, ya gabatar da tarihin abinci na New Orleans wanda wani mai bita ya bayyana a matsayin "lokacin lokaci na al'adun abinci. "  An sanya sunan fim din a matsayin dan wasan karshe don Kyautar James Beard. Shirinsa No One Ever Went Hungry: Cajun Food Traditions Then & Now ya fara ne a Gidan Tarihin Abinci da Abin sha na Kudancin a cikin 2011; McCaffrey ya bayyana cewa niyyarsa ba kawai don nuna rikitarwa na ci gaban abinci na Cajun ba ne, har ma ya nuna masu kallo dalilin da ya sa ya yi imanin cewa Al'adun Cajun suna nuna "koyon dorewa, al'umma, da amsawar muhalli. "An zabi shirin don Kyautar Taste biyu kuma ya ci gaba da karɓar Kyautar Dan Adam ta 2012 ta Louisiana ta Shekara."

## Manazarta
Anthony McIntyre

**Anthony McIntyre** (an haife shi 27 Yuni 1957 ) tsohon mai ba da gudummawa ne na Irish Republican Army (IRA), marubuci kuma ɗan tarihi. 

## Rayuwa ta farko da aiki
A ranar 27 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1976, IRA ta yi niyya ga Victor's Bar a Belfast, inda ta gano mai tsaron gidan Kenneth Lenaghan a matsayin memba na Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF). A wannan maraice motar da aka sace ta ja zuwa gabar kuma McIntyre, daga baya aka yanke masa hukunci da kasancewa mai tayar da hankali, ya harbe bindiga a cikin taron, ya kashe Lenaghan. An ɗaure shi na tsawon shekaru 18, an ruwaito yana dariya yayin da ake karanta hukuncin. McIntyre ya yi wa'adinsa a Long Kesh, ya shafe shekaru hudu daga cikin wadanda a kan zanga-zangar rashin wanka. 

Bayan an sake shi daga kurkuku a shekarar 1992, ya kammala digirin digirin digirgir a fannin kimiyyar siyasa a Jami'ar Sarauniya ta Belfast, kuma ya bar ƙungiyar jamhuriya a shekarar 1998 don yin aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida da mai bincike. Da yake tunani game da abin da ya gabata, McIntyre ya bayyana a cikin wata hira ta 2023: "Ba ni da nadama - amma ban tsammanin dole ne ya faru ba, ko dai".  An buga tarin aikin jarida a matsayin littafi a cikin 2008, Jumma'a Mai Tsarki: *Mutuwar Jamhuriyar Irish.* 

## Bincike da Shirin Belfast
McIntyre ya shiga cikin aikin Tarihin baki a Kwalejin Boston a kan Matsalar da ake kira Belfast Project, yana gudanar da tambayoyi tare da tsoffin mambobin IRA ta wucin gadi waɗanda (kamar kansa) suka yi takaici da jagorancin da ƙungiyar jamhuriya ta dauka, kamar su Brendan Hughes da Dolours Price. Mazaunin Gabashin Belfast tare da dangantaka mai karfi mai aminci Wilson McArthur ya gudanar da jerin tambayoyin da aka yi a cikin al'ummar masu aminci. Wadannan tambayoyin sun kasance tushen littafin Voices From The Grave: Two Men's War in Ireland na Ed Moloney, darektan Belfast Project.

A cikin shekara ta 2011, McIntyre ya shiga cikin gardama lokacin da bayanan tambayoyin, wanda Kwalejin Boston ta gudanar, Hukumar 'yan sanda ta Arewacin Ireland (PSNI) ta kira su dangane da binciken da aka yi game da sace da kashe Jean McConville a shekarar 1972.  A watan Maris na shekara ta 2014, PSNI ta ba da sanarwar cewa tana neman tambayar McIntyre game da sabbin rikodin aikin Belfast da aka saki, musamman dangane da rawar da ake zargi da Gerry Adams a cikin satar da kisan Jean McConville.

## Ra'ayoyin siyasa
McIntyre sanannen mai sukar Sinn Féin na zamani ne da shugabancinta. McIntyre ya yi magana a abubuwan da suka faru na jam'iyyar Republican Sinn Féin. Shi ne co-kafa The Blanket, mujallar da ke ba da ido mai mahimmanci ga Tsarin zaman lafiya na Arewacin Ireland.

## Manazarta
Scott Daruda

**Scott Daruda** (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu, 1986) ɗan wasan rugby ne na ƙasar Australia.  Bayan ya buga wa Manly RUFC wasa, sai ya koma North a matsayin ɗan wasa na farko a Jami'ar Bond . Matsayinsa na yau da kullun yana ko dai a filin wasa na tsakiya ko kuma a tsakiya.

## Ayyuka
 
An haife shi a Papua New Guinea">Arawa, Papua New Guinea . Ya ci gaba da taka leda a kungiyoyin wakilan Australiya da yawa, kamar su 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 a shekara ta 2004 da kuma 'yan kasa a shekara ta 21. Ya kuma taka leda a wasannin matasa na Commonwealth na Australia.

Scott ya halarci Kwalejin Nudgee ta St. Joseph daga 1999-2003. Ya kasance memba na Riley House na tsawon shekaru hudu, kafin ya zama dalibi na farko na Shaw House a shekarar da aka fara. Scott Daruda ya buga wa sanannen Kwalejin Nudgee First XV a 2002 da 2003, kuma ya jagoranci tawagar a babban shekarunsa. Mutane da yawa suna ɗaukar kakar 2003 a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin lokutan da suka fi wuya a rikodin, tare da wasu ɗaliban da ke cikin gasar ciki har da Lloyd Johansson, da Karmichael Hunt na Queensland Reds da Brisbane Broncos bi da bi.

Ya sanya hannu ga Queensland Reds kuma ya fara bugawa a lokacin Super 12 na shekara ta 2005. Daga nan sai ya zama kyaftin din kungiyar 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 ta Australia a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya . Daga nan sai ya sanya hannu don fadada ikon mallakar Western Force.

Kwanan nan ya buga wa Agen wasa a Faransa kuma daga kakar 2010-12 a Japan wa Kubota Spears.

A cikin kakar 2012 a halin yanzu yana wasa ga Manly Marlins, ƙungiyar Sydney da ke wasa a gasar rugby ta Shute Shield.

## Manazarta
Amy Sawyer

**Amy Sawyer** (1863 - 1 Oktoba 1945) 'Yar Birtaniya ce mai zane, mai zane, kuma marubuciyar wasan kwaikwayo a cikin ƙungiyar Fasaha da Sana'o'i . Ta rayu mafi yawan rayuwarta a Ditchling, East Sussex, Ingila.

## Tarihin Rayuwa

### Rayuwar farko
An haifi Amy Sawyer a shekarar 1863 a Gabashin Grinstead, Yammacin Sussex, babbar 'ya'ya bakwai na Charles Sawyer, mai zane da sayar da kayan abinci, da kuma Eliza Blacklock Sawyer.  'Yar uwarta ita ce mai sassaka katako Mabel Ellen Young .  A shekarar 1885, Sawyer ta ƙaura zuwa Bushey, Hertfordshire, don halartar Makarantar Fasaha ta Herkomer, wadda Hubert von Herkomer ya kafa. 

### Sana'a
Ayyukanta sun haɗa da tatsuniyoyi, tatsuniyoyi, aljanu, da sauran jigogi masu ban mamaki, kuma abin lura ne saboda yadda take nuna jaruman mata masu ƙarfi .  Tsakanin 1887 da 1909, ta yi baje kolin sau goma sha shida a Royal Academy .  Ta nuna hotonta tsirara na Psyche a Salon des Beaux Arts a 1907.  Kadan daga cikin ayyukanta suna cikin tarin jama'a; banda ɗaya shine *Gentle Spring Brings her Garden Stuff to Market* (1893), a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Russell-Cotes da ke Bournemouth, Dorset . 

Aikin zane-zanenta ya fito a cikin mujallu kamar Black and White da The Illustrated London News . Ta kuma zana littattafan kyauta ga Raphael Tuck & Sons .

Ta yi zane-zane a littafin *Heart of the World*, wani labari na tatsuniya na H. Rider Haggard da aka shirya a Aztec Mesoamerica. Daga cikin masu fasaha da yawa da suka samar da hotuna sama da dubu don rakiyar ayyukansa, Sawyer ita ce mace ɗaya tilo da ta kwatanta wani aiki da Haggard ya yi a lokacin rayuwarsa. 

Ta kuma buga wani littafin fasaha tare da Sands & Co., *The Seasons* (1905). An zana kowane wata na shekara da zane-zane na mata da furanni daban-daban da suka dace da kowane wata, tare da ambaton waƙoƙi. 

### Daga baya rayuwa da mutuwa
Sawyer ta daina zane-zane a kusan shekarar 1913 bayan da gubar gubar ta sa ta rasa damar amfani da hannunta na dama.   Ta zama marubuciyar wasan kwaikwayo, inda ta shirya wasanta na farko, *Love Is Blind*, a shekarar 1921.  Wasanninta sun ƙunshi jigogi iri ɗaya da na zane-zanenta kuma an yi su ne a yaren Sussex na gida.  An tattara wasanni ashirin da huɗu daga cikin wasanninta a cikin *Sussex Village Plays da Sauransu* (1934). 

Sawyer ta mutu a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1945 a gidanta da ke Ditchling. 

## Hotunan Hotuna

Fayil:Gentle_Spring_Brings_her_Garden_Stuff_to_Market.jpg|alt=Gentle Spring Brings Her Garden Stuff to Market (1893)| *Ruwan bazara mai laushi ya kawo kayan lambunta kasuwa* (1893)
Fayil:Amy_Sawyer_Psyché.jpg| *Psyché* (1907)
Fayil:Down_in_the_valley_where_the_daisies_grow.jpg|alt=Down in the Valley Where the Daisies Grow (1908)| *Ƙasa a Kwarin Inda Daisies Ke Shuka* (1908)


## Manazarta
Eugene Murdock

**Eugene Converse Murdock** (30 ga Afrilu, 1921 - 23 ga Yuli, 1992) masanin tarihi ne kuma marubuci wanda aka fi sani da bincikensa game da wasan baseball.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Eugene C. Murdock a Lakewood, Ohio, a ranar 30 ga Afrilu, 1921, kuma ya halarci makaranta a can. Mahaifinsa, Stanely H. Murdock, ya yi aiki a birnin Cleveland, Ohio, a cikin sashen injiniya da gini. Stanley da matarsa Elizabeth suna da 'ya'ya maza uku, Donald L., Stanley H., Jr., Eugene C., da kuma 'yar daya, Marjorie C.

Murdock ya ga wasan kwallon kwando na farko a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta, 1929, a League Park a Cleveland, Ohio inda New York Yankees suka buga wa Indiyawa. Yayin da ya girma, Murdock zai zama editan wasanni na jaridar makarantar sakandare. Baseball da rubuce-rubuce za su kasance sha'awar rayuwar Murdock, kuma zai ci gaba da zama babban mai bincike a cikin tarihin wasanni.

Murdock ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban SABR daga 1976 zuwa 1978, amma ya yi aiki na mukamai daban-daban kafin da kuma bayan. Kafin ya zama shugaban kasa, Murdock ya kasance shugaban kwamitin SABR Hall of Fame. Ya kuma kasance shugaban kwamitin zaɓe na SABR (1981-1982) lokacin da ya ba da shawarar wa'adin shekaru biyu ga jami'an aiki. Wannan shawarar daga baya SABR za ta karɓi ta.

## Ayyuka
Aikin koyarwa na farko na Murdock ya kasance a Kwalejin Rio Grande  a kudancin Ohio tun daga shekarar 1952. Murdock daga nan ya koma Kwalejin Marietta  a 1956 inda ya kasance mataimakin farfesa a tarihi, an inganta shi zuwa cikakken farfesa a 1963. Murdock ya zama Shugaban sashen a shekarar 1972, yana riƙe da wannan mukamin har sai da ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1986. Bayan ya yi ritaya, an kira Murdock Tarihin Kwalejin.

A shekara ta 1991, Murdock ya sami lambar yabo ta Distinguished Service daga Kwalejin Tarihi ta Ohio.

## Kungiyar Binciken Kwallon Kwando ta Amurka
Tun daga shekara ta 1973, Murdock ya kasance mai ba da gudummawa akai-akai ga SABR Baseball Research Journal . Labarinsa na farko ya kalli 'yan wasa a karni na 19, The Pre-1900 Batting Stars .

Murdock ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban SABR daga 1976 zuwa 1978, amma ya yi aiki na mukamai daban-daban kafin da kuma bayan. Kafin ya zama shugaban kasa, Murdock ya kasance shugaban kwamitin SABR Hall of Fame. Ya kuma kasance shugaban kwamitin zaɓe na SABR (1981-1982) lokacin da ya ba da shawarar wa'adin shekaru biyu ga jami'an aiki. Wannan shawarar daga baya SABR za ta karɓi ta.

## Binciken tarihin Baseball
Tafiya a fadin Amurka tsakanin 1973 da 1987, Murdock ya yi hira da tsoffin 'yan wasan baseball 76. Lokacinsa tare da Farfesa Nevins a Columbia ya burge Murdock muhimmancin yin hira da tsofaffi da waɗanda ba a san su da wasu ba. Tattaunawar ta kasance daga minti 30 zuwa sa'o'i da yawa, kuma ana samun sauti a yanzu a Cibiyar Nazarin Jama'a ta Cleveland. Har ila yau, an gabatar da tambayoyin a cikin littafin Murdock na Baseball Players and Their Times, Oral Histories of the Game: 1920-40.
Elton Flatley

**Elton Flatley** (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Mayu 1977, Tamworth, New South Wales ) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Australiya wanda ya taɓa buga ƙwallon rugby na ƙasa da ƙasa . Ya buga wa Queensland Reds wasa.

## Ayyuka
Flatley ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Nudgee ta St. Joseph inda aka sanya hannu a cikin manyan kungiyoyin rugby bayan kammala karatunsa. Ya fara bugawa Queensland Reds a shekarar 1996, lokacin da aka fara Super 12, yana da shekaru 18 a kan kungiyar New Zealand, Highlanders. A shekara ta 1997, ya fara buga wa Australia wasa na farko a duniya, inda ya buga wa Ingila wasa a Twickenham a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, yana da shekaru 20. Wasan ya kasance 15-15 draw. Flatley ya sake kasancewa a cikin tawagar don wasan na gaba da Scotland, wanda Australia ta lashe. A shekara ta 2001, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar Wallabies wacce ta lashe jerin gwaje-gwaje a kan Lions na Burtaniya da Irish a lokacin yawon shakatawa na 2001 zuwa Ostiraliya. 

Flatley ya fito fili a gasar cin kofin duniya ta Rugby ta Australia ta 2003, ya tafi wasan karshe da Ingila kuma ya zira kwallaye wanda ya dauki wasan zuwa karin lokaci, sannan kuma wani hukunci wanda ya daidaita maki a 17-17 kafin Ingila ta yi nasara. Ya gama gasar a matsayin na uku mafi girma, inda ya zira kwallaye 100 ga Ostiraliya.[undefined][1] A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2004, Flatley ya kai wani matsayi, ya zama dan wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da ya kai 100 ga Queensland Reds lokacin da ya jagoranci kungiyar a kan Sharks a Durban. Flatley ya yi ritaya daga dukkan nau'ikan rugby a ranar 16 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2006, bisa ga shawarar likita yayin da yake fama da ci gaba da hangen nesa saboda yawan rauni.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Flatley yana da 'ya'ya biyu tare da matarsa, wanda ya rabu da ita a shekara ta 2007. A shekara ta 2006 ya kasance mai takara a kan Australian Celebrity Survivor: Vanuatu.

## Bayan ritaya
Flatley yana aiki a matsayin mai magana da yawun, kuma yana aiki a masana'antar kudi. Ya kuma yi aiki na wani lokaci ga Australian Rugby Union (wanda yanzu ake kira Rugby Australia) a matsayin mai ba da shawara.

## Manazarta
Jane Euphemia Saxby

**Jane Euphemia Saxby** (27 Janairu 1811 - 25 Maris 1898) marubuciyar waƙar Birtaniya ce.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Jane Euphemia Browne a ranar 27 ga Janairu, 1811, 'yar William Browne na Tallantire Hall, Cumberland . A shekarar 1865, ta auri Rev. Stephen H. Saxby na East Clevedon, Somersetshire .  Mijinta shi ne vicar na cocin All Saints kuma, tare da ɗan'uwansa, ƙwararren masanin tsuntsaye ne. 

Kundin baitinta na farko shine kundin waƙar "Dove on the Cross " (1849), wanda ya haɗa da waƙoƙin "Uba, cikin hannunka mai ƙauna", "Ya Ruhu Mai Tsarki, Mai Ta'aziyya", "Ka nuna mini hanya, Ya Ubangiji", da kuma "Kai Allah mai ƙauna, ƙarƙashin fikafikanka masu mafaka". Nicholas Smith ya lura cewa "Ka nuna mini hanya, Ya Ubangiji" shine mafi kyawun waƙoƙin Saxby a cikin tarin farko nata, kuma wannan waƙar an haɗa ta a cikin Waƙoƙinsa daga Zuciyar Mata: Waƙoƙi Masu Shahararru Ɗaya da Marubutansu (1903). Wani tarin waƙar, Muryar Tsuntsu (1875), ya haɗa da waƙar "Ya Yesu Almasihu, Mai Tsarki".

Hablot Knight Brown ne ya zana taskar baitin yaranta, wato *Aunt Effie's Gift to the Nursery* (1876). Wataƙila ta rubuta shi ne ga 'ya'yan 'yar uwarta Caroline, wadda ta auri Charles Shore, Baron Teignmouth na 2.  A baya, an yi kuskuren danganta littafin da Ann Hawkshaw . 

Ta kuma rubuta wani littafi mai suna *Sam Bolton's Cottage da What Keɓe Matarsa Daga Coci* (1865). 

Jane Euphemia Saxby ta mutu a ranar 25 ga Maris 1898. 

## Littattafan tarihi

* *Kurciya a kan Gicciye* (1849)
* *Gidan Sam Bolton da Abin da Ya Hana Matarsa Shiga Coci* (1865)
* *Muryar Tsuntsaye* (1875)
* *Kyautar Goggo Effie ga Cibiyar Kula da Yara* (1876)

## Manazarta
Josh Flook

**Joshua Flook** (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga Satumba, 2001) ƙwararren ɗan wasan rugby ne na Australiya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin cibiyar ƙungiyar Super Rugby ta Queensland Reds da kuma ta ƙasa da ƙasa ga Ostiraliya.

## Ayyukan sana'a
An ambaci sunan Flook a cikin tawagar Reds don zagaye na 1 na gasar Super Rugby AU a shekarar 2020.[1] Ya fara bugawa Reds wasa a zagaye na 2 na gasar Super Rugby AU da Rebels, ya zo a matsayin maye gurbinsa.[2][3]

Flook scored a crucial try in the Reds' victory over the Brumbies late in the 2021 Super Rugby AU season, a win that would secure Queensland's first home Grand Final since 2011.

## Manazarta
Denis Flannery

**Denis Flannery** (1928)&nbsp;– 2012), wanda aka fi sani da laƙabin **"Flag Pole"**, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙungiyar rugby ta Australiya wanda ya buga wasa a shekarun 1940 da 1950. Ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Australiya kuma ɗan wasan gefe na Queensland, ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyarsa a gasar Ipswich Rugby League ga ƙungiyar 'Yan'uwa. An san shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasa na Queensland da suka taɓa yin fice.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Flannery a ranar 2 ga Afrilu 1928. Ya halarci Kwalejin Nudgee ta St. Joseph kuma ya zama zakaran tseren makaranta.

### Ayyukan wasa
Flannery ya fara buga kwallon kafa a Ipswich Rugby League don kulob din Brothers. Ko da yake yana da saukin rauni, ya fara bugawa Queensland wasa a 1948 kuma ya lashe kofin Australia na farko a gwajin Ashes na biyu na 1950, lokacin da Australia ta doke Biritaniya 15-3 a Brisbane Cricket Ground . An jera shi a cikin Australian Players Register a matsayin Kangaroo No. 279.  Flannery ya kuma buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a cikin 1951 da 1952. A lokacin yawon shakatawa na gasar rugby ta Faransa ta 1951 na Ostiraliya da New Zealand, Flannery ya taka leda a nasarar Ostiraliya a gwajin na biyu. A cikin yawon shakatawa na Kangaroo na 1952-53, ya zira kwallaye 23 a wasanni 14, gami da hat-tricks a kan Featherstone Rovers, Doncaster da Hull Kingston Rovers.

A shekarar 1954, an fara buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta kwallon rugby a Faransa . Yayin da yake taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya na kwata uku a kulob din Ipswich's Brothers, an zabi Flannery a cikin tawagar 'yan wasan Rugby League ta Australia a shekarar 1954, wadanda suka kasa zuwa wasan karshe. Ya ci gaba da wakiltar Queensland da Australia har zuwa 1956, inda ya yi ritaya daga wasan kwallon kafa na wakilci bayan rangadin Kangaroo na 1956 – 1957. Jimilla, ya buga wasanni 15 na kasa da kasa ga Australia, ciki har da wasanni biyu na gasar cin kofin duniya. Flannery ya ci gaba da aiki da Ipswich Brothers, yana aiki a matsayin dan wasa-koci a 1957 da 1958 kafin ya yi ritaya yana da shekaru 30. [ ana buƙatar ambato ]

### Bayan wasa
Flannery ta auri Norma Dempsey, 'yar tsohon dan wasan rugby Dan Dempsey. Flannery da matarsa sun gudanar da Otal din Ulster a Ipswich, wanda Dan Dempsey ya mallaka, na tsawon shekaru 58. Ɗansu, Denis, ya mutu daga cutar yaro a shekarar 1970.

A watan Yunin 2008, shekara ta ɗari na gasar rugby a Ostiraliya, an sanya wa Flannery suna a reshe na Queensland Rugby League's Team of the Century, wanda aka san shi da "mataki mai dadi da karkatarwa".  

Flannery ya mutu a gidan jinya na Flinders View, Queensland a ranar Lahadi, 12 ga Fabrairu 2012, yana da shekaru 83. 

## Manazarta
Rebecca Shaw (marubuci)

**Rebecca Shaw** ita ce marubuciyar jaridar *Sunday Times* da ta fi samun riba a littattafai 28 da Orion Publishing Group ta buga. Ta sayar da fiye da kwafi miliyan ɗaya.   Littattafan ta sun zo ne a cikin jeri biyu, Barleybridge da Turnham Malpas, kuma sun yi magana ne game da soyayya da rayuwar mazauna karkara. Ta kuma buga littattafan eBook guda uku da ba su da tsada.

## Rayuwa da aiki
Shaw ta girma a Armley, Leeds, kuma ta halarci Makarantar Wennington mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta. Ta zama malamar makaranta kuma ta yi aiki da yara kurame. Ta zauna tare da mijinta, uban 'ya'yanta huɗu, a wani ƙauyen Dorset inda ta sami wahayi ga labaranta na gargajiya da ta fi so game da rayuwar karkara.

A wata hira da Shaw a jaridar Sunday Telegraph, Rebecca Tyrell ta ce Shaw 'ƙwararre ne mai bayar da labarai kuma hakan fasaha ce mai kyau.'

Wani sharhi da aka yi a cikin jaridar The Telegraph  don ' A Village Deception ' ya bayyana salonta a matsayin 'The Archers haɗu da Midsomer Murders'.

Shaw ya rubuta littattafai 19 da suka samo asali daga ƙauyen Turnham Malpas na almara:

# Sabon Shugaban Jami'a (1994)
# Magana game da Ƙauye (1995)
# Al'amuran Ƙauye (1996)
# Nunin Ƙauye (1997)
# Sirrin Ƙauye (1998)
# Badakala a Ƙauye (1999)
# Tsegumin Ƙauye (1999)
# Matsala a Ƙauye (2000)
# Matsalar Ƙauye (2002)
# Rikici a Ƙauye (2003)
# Waswasi a Ƙauye (2005)
# Rikicin Ƙauye (2006)
# Harkokin Koren Ƙauye (2008)
# Sabbin Masu Zuwa Ƙauye (2010)
# Yaudara ta Ƙauye (2011)
# Ƙauye a Cikin Haɗari (2012)
# Ƙauye Fortunes (2014)
# Jita-jitar Ƙauye (2015)
# Sirri a Ƙauye (2015)

Ta rubuta littattafai 6 da suka samo asali daga ƙauyen Barleybridge na almara:

# Al'amarin Ƙasa (2001)
# Matan Ƙasa (2001)
# Masoyan Ƙasa (2003)
# Sha'awar Ƙasa (2004)
# Lokacin bazara mai zafi ɗaya (2007)
# Soyayya a Ƙasar (2009)

Littattafan eBook guda uku na Shaw:

# Gidan da ke Spinnaker Cove (2014)
# Labule Mai Kyau (2014)
# Soyayyar Iyali (2018)

Shaw ta mutu a shekarar 2015 bayan wani babban bugun jini .  Mijinta ya rayu shekaru biyu da suka gabata, wanda daga baya ya mutu a ranar 25 ga Disamba 2017, tare da 'ya'yanta huɗu.

## Manazarta
Wendy Shaia

**Wendy Shaia** marubuciya ce ' yar Birtaniya-, farfesa ce ta asibiti a makarantar aikin zamantakewa ta Jami'ar Maryland kuma babbar darekta ta Social Work Community Outreach Service (SWCOS).  

## Ilimi
Shaia ta kammala karatunta a Makarantar Aikin Jama'a ta Jami'ar Maryland . Ta sami digirin digirgir a fannin Ilimi a fannin Ilimin Dan Adam da Ƙungiyoyi daga Jami'ar George Washington .

## Tsarin SHARP
Tsarin SHARP kayan aiki ne da ake amfani da shi don tantancewa da fahimtar wahalhalun tunani da suka samo asali daga abubuwan da ke haifar da zalunci, ƙirƙirar wayar da kan jama'a da kuma ƙarfafa sauye-sauyen hana zalunci.   Shaia ta ƙirƙiro tsarin yayin da take bincike kan hanyoyin magance matsalar talauci da zalunci yayin samar da ayyuka a Amurka.  Ta kafa kayan aikin tsarin a kan sassa 5; Zalunci na tsari, Yanayin tarihi, Binciken rawar da ya taka, Rabawa da juna da Iko.  

## Littattafan da aka buga

* *Baƙar Ƙwayar Halitta.*   Littafin ya kasance na ƙarshe a cikin rukunin almara na birane na kyaututtukan almara na littattafai na Amurka na 2022. 
* Haɗa Lafiya da Ilimi don Nasarar Ɗaliban Baƙar fata - *Babi na 6.* *Makarantu a Matsayin Muhalli Masu Sake Fuskantar Rauni* 

## An buga gajerun labarai

* Jiran Wani Abu 
* Ja Bazara 

## Labarai na mujallu da aka buga

## Manazarta
Marie L. Shedlock

**Marie Louise Shedlock** (1854–1935) ta kasance ƙwararren mai ba da labari . Ta rubuta shawarwarinta kan yadda ake yin bahasi a baki a cikin littafinta *mai suna The Art of the Story-Teller* .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Shedlock a Boulogne, Faransa, iyayenta 'yan Ingila ne; mahaifinta injiniya ne da ke taimakawa wajen gina layin dogo. Duk da cewa ta zauna a Ingila na ɗan gajeren lokaci tun tana ƙarama, ta koma Faransa, kuma daga ƙarshe ta tafi Jamus don kammala karatunta. 

Aikin Shedlock na farko shine malamar makaranta. Ta koyar da makaranta a Ingila tun tana da shekaru 21. Tana da shekaru 36 ta fara aikinta a matsayin mai ba da labari, inda ta fara wasan kwaikwayo a Landan. Tana da shekaru 46 ta daina koyarwa ta fara aikinta a matsayin mai ba da labari . Ta yi rangadin yawon shakatawa guda biyu masu tsawo kuma masu karɓuwa a Amurka.

Rangadin Shedlock na farko a Amurka ya faru ne a kusan shekarar 1900 kuma ya ɗauki shekaru bakwai. Mary Wright Plummer, darektan ɗakin karatu na Pratt Institute, ta halarci ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙinta na jama'a kuma ta gayyace ta ta yi wasa.  Anne Carroll Moore, shugabar ɗakin karatu na yara a Pratt, ta gayyaci Shedlock da ta koma Pratt ta ba da labarai ga yara.  Rangadinta na farko a Amurka ya ɗauki shekaru bakwai. Bayan wannan rangadin farko, Shedlock ta koma Landan, daga baya ta rubuta littattafanta guda biyu.  Rangadin Shedlock na biyu a Amurka ya fara ne a shekarar 1915 kuma ya ɗauki shekaru biyar.

Shedlock ya mutu a watan Janairun 1935.

## Tasiri ga wasu
Anna Cogswell Tyler, ɗaliba a Pratt, ta ji Shedlock yana wasa kuma ta yanke shawarar zama ƙwararren mai ba da labari. Daga ƙarshe Tyler ta zama shugabar bayar da labarai ga Laburaren Jama'a na New York.  Ruth Sawyer ta ji Shedlock yana karanta tatsuniyoyin Hans Christian Andersen a Jami'ar Columbia. Sawyer "ya yi alƙawarin zama mai ba da labari a wannan ranar." 

## Ayyuka
 

*   (1920)
*  
*  
* 
* 

## Manazarta
Sean Dorney

**Sean Christopher Dorney** (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Maris 1951) ɗan jarida ne na ƙasar Ostiraliya, wakilin ƙasashen waje, kuma marubuci, wanda ya yi aiki mai zurfi a fannin watsa labarai game da yankin Pacific tare da mai da hankali kan Papua New Guinea. Ya kasance Wakilin Pacific da PNG na Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Australiya daga 1975 zuwa 2014.  

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haife shi a shekarar 1951,  Dorney ya girma a cikin gidan Katolika mai ƙarfi a Townsville, ɗan shekara huɗu cikin yara shida. Mahaifinsa likitan fiɗa ne wanda ya yi aiki tare da Sojojin Ostiraliya a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, ciki har da a Papua New Guinea.

Daga nan ya halarci Kwalejin St Joseph's Nudgee da ke Brisbane daga 1964 zuwa 1968 sannan ya karanci tattalin arziki a Jami'ar James Cook a 1969 zuwa 1970.

## Sana'ar ƙwararru
Dorney editan jaridar ɗaliban Jami'ar James Cook ne wanda ya ba shi mukamin kadet a Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Australiya . Daga nan ya yi aiki a tsohuwar Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Ƙasa da ke Port Moresby.

A shekarar 1984, Gwamnatin Papua New Guinea ta kori Dorney saboda rawar da ya taka a hirar da aka yi da James Nyaro, wani kwamandan 'yan tawayen West Papua da ke fafatawa da Gwamnatin Indonesiya.[1]

A shekarar 1985 Dorney ya bar Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Australiya don yin aiki a matsayin sakataren manema labarai a Gwamnatin Yankin Arewa na tsawon watanni 18. 

A shekarar 2009 aka kori Dorney daga Fiji saboda rahotonsa kan soke kundin tsarin mulkin ƙasar da Frank Bainimarama ya yi. 

Dorney ya yi aiki a matsayin mai sa ido kan zaɓe tare da ƙungiyar Commonwealth Observer a lokacin babban zaɓen Papua New Guinea na 2017.[1]

Shi memba ne na Cibiyar Lowy don Manufofin Ƙasa da Ƙasa . 

## Aikin Rugby
Dorney ya buga wasan rabin baya a Jami'ar James Cook sannan daga baya ya buga wasan Brisbane Wests Rugby .

Dorney memba ne na ƙungiyar ƙwallon rugby ta ƙasa ta Papua New Guinea a shekarun 1975 da 1976, ciki har da yin aiki a matsayin kyaftin a wasansa na ƙarshe a 1976. 

## Manazarta