Gidan shakatawa na Pavagada

**Shakti Sthala**, wanda kuma ake kira **Pavagada Solar Park** filin shakatawa ne na hasken rana wanda ke da fadin kasa  a cikin Pavagada taluk, gundumar Tumkur, Karnataka . An kammala shi a cikin 2019, wurin shakatawa yana da ƙarfin 2,050 MW. Ya zuwa Afrilu 2021, ita ce filin shakatawa na hasken rana mafi girma na uku a duniya bayan filin shakatawa na Bhadla Solar na 2,245 MW a Rajasthan da 2,200MW Huanghe Hydropower Hainan Solar Park a China . Ita ce ta biyu mafi girma a Indiya. Jimlar kudin aikin ya kai Rs 14,800 crore (dalar Amurka biliyan 2.1). 

## Tarihi

### Fage
Karnataka Renewable Energy Development Ltd (KREDL) da Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI) sun kafa wani kamfani na hadin gwiwa, Karnataka Solar Power Development Corporation Ltd (KSPDCL), a cikin Maris 2015 don aiwatar da ayyukan wutar lantarki a Karnataka.   Shugaban Kwamitin Tsare-tsare na Babban matakin Jiha (SLHCC) ya amince da shawarar KSPDCL na gina tashar wutar lantarki mai amfani da hasken rana a Pavagada taluk a ranar 29 ga Oktoba 2015.  An baje aikin a kan    wanda ya hada da kauyuka 5 na Balasamudra, Tirumani, Kyataganacharlu, Vallur da Rayacharlu. 

An zaɓi Pavagada a matsayin wurin don aikin saboda dalilai da yawa. Baya ga hasarar hasken rana da kuma samun kasa, yankin yana samun ruwan sama kadan. Pavagada taluk yana cikin wani fili mai ɗan bushewa, a saman wani tudu mai tsayi da ke kewaye da duwatsu masu duwatsu. Gwamnatin Karnataka ta ayyana yankin fari sau 54 a cikin shekaru 6 da suka gabata. Yankin kuma ba shi da yawan jama'a kuma yawancin mazauna yankin manoma ne marasa galihu. Yawancin mazauna yankin sun yi ƙaura zuwa Bangalore, mai kusan 180&nbsp;km daga nesa, saboda dalilai na tattalin arziki. 

GV Balram, Manajan Darakta na KREDL, an haife shi kuma ya girma a wani ƙauye a Pavaguda taluk. Ya fahimci cewa manoman yankin ba sa son sayar da filayensu saboda wasu dalilai na tunani. Domin a taimaka wajen ci gaban yankin da kuma rage tafiye-tafiyen tattalin arziki, Balram ya baiwa manoma zabin su ba da hayar filayen da ake bukata domin aikin maimakon sayensa kai tsaye.  Masu mallakar filaye suna karɓar biyan kuɗi na shekara-shekara na ₹ 21,000  a kowace kadada ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan hayar da ke aiki na shekaru 25-35. Ga dukan ƙasar da ake buƙata don wurin shakatawa, jimillar diyya ga dukan aikin ya kai ₹ 23-25 crore a kowace shekara. Adadin biyan kuɗi na shekara-shekara zai ƙaru da 5% kowace shekara 2. 

### Auctions
KSPDCL ta yi amfani da samfurin "toshe da wasa" don aiwatar da aikin. A karkashin wannan tsarin, kamfanin ya mallaki shingen filaye, yana samun duk wani izinin gwamnati da ake bukata don samar da wutar lantarki, sannan ya ba da kwangila ga masu samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar gwanjo. 

A cikin Afrilu 2016, NTPC Limited, a madadin KSPDCL, ya ba da kwangila ga kamfanoni 6 don ƙaddamar da jimlar 500 MW na wutar lantarki a Pavaguda Solar Park kamar haka:   

* Parampujya Solar Energy Pvt Ltd. = 100 MW a ₹ 4.79 kowace raka'a.
* Fortum Finsurya Energy Pvt Ltd. = 100 MW a ₹ 4.79 kowace raka'a.
* ACME Solar Holdings Pvt Ltd. = 100 MW a ₹ 4.79 kowace raka'a
* Tata Power Renewable Energy Ltd = 100 MW a ₹ 4.79 kowace raka'a.
* Yarrow Infrastructure = 50 MW a ₹ 4.78  kowace raka'a (mafi ƙasƙanci)
* Sabunta Ƙarfin = 50 MW a ₹ 4.80  kowace raka'a (mafi girma)

A  shekarar 2016 ne aka fara aiki a filin shakatawa na hasken rana.  Saboda abubuwan da suka shafi abubuwan more rayuwa, an soke wannan gayyata kuma an sake dawo da ƙarfin a farkon 2017, tare da ƙarin 250 MW (jimlar 1000 MW) wanda aka tanada don tsarin "buƙatun abun ciki na cikin gida", ma'ana cewa abubuwan da ake buƙata don kera su a Indiya kuma ba a shigo da su ba. 

* A watan Mayun 2018, SB Energy ya sami ƙarfin ƙarfin megawatts 200 a Rs 2.82/kWh, ko 4.16 ¢/kWh wanda SECI ke bayarwa. 
* An ba da wasiƙar lambar yabo ta kwanan nan (LoA) ga Amar Raja Power Systems Limited, don gina 50 MW na iya aiki a daidaitaccen jadawalin kuɗin fito na ₹ 1.24 (~ $ 1.7 ¢) / kWh na shekaru 24. An nakalto dalilin da ya haifar da ƙananan farashi a matsayin 'ƙasa yana samuwa ga KREDL ba tare da farashi ba da kuma samar da kayan aikin kwashe wutar lantarki har zuwa tashar tashar.' 

### Gudanarwa
A ranar 14 ga Disamba 2017, Fortum ta sanar da cewa ta haɗa tashar hasken rana mai ƙarfin 100MW a Pavagada zuwa grid.  Tata Power Renewable Energy Ltd ya ba da izini 100 MW a wurin shakatawa ta 19 Disamba,  da ƙarin 50 MW ta 2 Janairu 2018.    wutar lantarki an ba da izini ta 31 Janairu 2018. 

Pavagada Solar Park yana da karfin ikon 1,400MW a ranar  Afrilu 2019 daga cikin  MW da aka tsara a watan Disamba 2019. 

Bayan kammalawa, Pavagada Solar Park ita ce tashar wutar lantarki mafi girma a duniya. Koyaya, ya zuwa Afrilu 2021, ita ce filin shakatawa na hasken rana mafi girma na uku bayan 2245 MW Bhadla Solar Park a Rajasthan da Huanghe Hydropower Hainan Solar Park a China 2200 MW. 

## Ƙarfin iska
A watan Maris din 2017, Ministan Makamashi na Karnataka DK Shivakumar ya shaida wa jaridar *Bangalore Mirror* cewa gwamnati na neman samar da makamashin iska ta hanyar kafa injinan iska a Pavagada. Ƙididdiga na farko daga KREDL suna nuna yuwuwar samar da wutar lantarki daga 250-300MW. 

## Manazarta