NITEL

**Nigerian Telecommunications Limited (NITEL)**, ya kasance mai ba da sabis na tarho a Najeriya har zuwa 1992 lokacin da gwamnatin Najeriya ta kafa dokar Hukumar **Sadarwa** ta Najeriya da ke ba wa sabbin masu shiga cikin sashin sadarwa. A lokacin da kuma bayan shekaru na mallakar, aikin kamfanin ya kasance mai sauƙi, hali mai kama da sauran kamfanonin mallakarsa na jihar kamar NEPA da kamfanoni na ruwa mallakas gwamnati. An kafa kamfanin ne a shekarar 1985 a matsayin haɗin gwiwar hukumomin gwamnati guda biyu, sashin sadarwa na sashen Post da Telecommunications (P&T) a karkashin Ma'aikatar Sadarwa da Sashen Saduwa na waje na Najeriya (NET)

A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2008 wani rahoto daga BBC News ya ce gwamnatin Najeriya ta ɗauka cewa kamfanin kasa da kasa bai inganta aikin NITEL ba sabili da haka ya dakatar da keɓancewa don goyon bayan Transcorp. A shekara da 2015, gwamnati ta kammala ma'amala da ta ga kadarorin N ITEL da Mtel ga NATCOM. Yarjejeniyar ta kai dala miliyan 252.

An ƙaddamar da wani Kamfanin Telecom na Najeriya (Ntel) A watan Afrilu wanda ya maye gurbin Nitel, Ntel shine sabon sake reincarnation na kamfanin sadarwa na yanzu, NITEL. Gwamnatin Najeriya ta mika kadarorin NITEL / Mtel ga NATCOM (kamfanin iyaye na Ntel) a cikin yarjejeniyar da ta kai dala miliyan 252 a shekarar da suka gabata. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2017, Nitel ya nada Nate James a matsayin mataimakin shugaban gudanar da asusun.

### Ma'aikatar Sadarwa da Sashen Sakatarwa (P&T)
A lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1985, sashen Post da Telecommunications ya ba da sabis na aika saƙo da sadarwa na ciki tsakanin biranen Najeriya yayin da NET ta ba le sabis ɗin sadarwa tsakanin zaɓaɓɓun birane na Najeriya da ƙasashen waje. Saboda ƙuntatawa na albarkatun, an tsara samar da ayyuka a matakai tare da fadadawa tsakanin shekarun 1950 zuwa 1970.

Ayyukan Telegraph sun fara ne a cikin 1880s kuma Ma'aikatar Ayyuka ta Jama'ata ce ta fara gudanar da su har zuwa 1907 lokacin da aka sauya waɗannan ayyukan zuwa P & T. A cikin 1908, an gabatar da musayar tarho ta hannu tare da allon sauyawa na layi 100 a Legas kuma a shekara ta 1920 kimantawar layin taruwa a kasar ya kai 920, a 920. Bayan shekara guda, an gabatar da allon sauyawa mai yawa tare da damar yin layi 800 kuma a cikin 1941 an ga haɗin kai tare le teleprinter. A cikin shekarun 1950, an ƙaddamar da saka hannun jari da aka tsara wanda ya haɗa da fadada musayar tarho ta atomatik da da'irori na akwati, ƙaddara hanyar watsa rediyo ta Legas zuwa Port Harcourt da kuma gabatar da watsa shirye-shiryen rediyon V.H.F. da yawa zuwa wasu birane da garuruwa. A shekara ta 1961, sun kasance fiye da 32,000 tarho line da 120 tarfon musayar.  Zuba jari a cikin sadarwa ya motsa tushen masu biyan kuɗi zuwa sama da 100,000 a 1973 kuma har zuwa 400,000 a 1990.

### Sadarwar waje ta Najeriya
Tarihin NET za a iya gano shi zuwa mulkin mallaka zuwa ƙarshen karni na sha tara. A cikin 1886, Kamfanin African Direct Telegraph Company ne ya samar da sabis na telegraph tsakanin Legas da London, wannan kamfani daga baya ya zama Imperial da International Communications bayan haɗuwa sannan Cable da Wireless.  Bayan samun 'yancin kai, gwamnatin Najeriya ta yanke shawarar shiga cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da Cable da Wireless, samun sha'awa ga hannun Najeriya na Cible da wireless. Sabuwar kamfanin ta samar da sabis na tarho na kasa da kasa, telex da telegraph, watsa bayanai mai sauri da watsawa da karɓar talabijin na ainihi amma waɗannan ayyukan sun fi ƙuntata zuwa Legas da manyan biranen Najeriya kamar Ibadan, Enugu, Kaduna, da Port-Harcourt.  Babban saka hannun jari na kamfanin shine gina tashar watsawa da karɓar HF.

Kamfanin ya fara samar da sabis na telex na atomatik a cikin 1971 kuma a mu 1980, NET ta gabatar da kai tsaye na kasa da kasa kuma saurin sabis tsakanin Najeriya da zaɓaɓɓun ƙasashen Yamma. NET kuma ta ba da sabis na telegraph mai zaman kansa tare da biyan kuɗi na shekara-shekara ga kamfanoni da kuma gudanar da abubuwan talabijin da aka watsa ko karɓa ta hanyar tauraron dan adam kamar FESTAC 77 da ayyukan wasanni.  Ga yawancin wanzuwarsa, kayan aikin NET ba su isa ba idan aka kwatanta da bukatun kasuwanci da yawan jama'a, lokacin mutum ya cika layin kamar yadda laƙoƙin da ke kan akwatunan tarho ba za su iya ci gaba da zirga-zirga ba.

### NITEL
An kafa Nigerian Telecommunications Limited a cikin 1985 a matsayin haɗuwa da sashen sadarwa na Post da Telecomunicaciones da NET. An kafa sabon kamfanin ne don inganta daidaita ayyukan sadarwa a cikin ƙasar, don yin sadarwa ta ciki da kasuwanci a manufa da kuma rage ninka yawan rabon kasafin kuɗi da saka hannun jari. NITEL ta gaji mafi yawan kayan aikin analog daga wadanda suka riga ta kuma dole ne ta ba da kuɗin sabon saka hannun jari a cikin kayan aiki na dijital. Ya gabatar da wayar hannu a cikin 1992, ta hanyar MTS, haɗin gwiwa tare da Digital Communications Limited, kamfanin Atlanta. Koyaya, a cikin aiki, har yanzu ba shi da inganci, layin sun cika, tsarin biyan kuɗi bai yi ingani ba kuma ƙimar kammala kira don kiran nesa ya kasance ƙasa da 50%. Lokacin da sabbin ayyukan tarho masu zaman kansu suka fito a Legas a cikin shekarun 1990, da yawa daga cikinsu sun dogara da NITEL mara aminci don ayyukan haɗin kai. Bugu da kari, bukatar ayyuka a wasu birane sun fi karfin NITEL yayin da yawancin layin N ITEL ba su aiki ba saboda rashin kulawa da ababen more rayuwa ko rashin isasshen kayan aikin sadarwar kebul. 

A shekara ta 2002, MTEL wanda ya sami kadarorin MTS, ya samu lasisin GSM.

Da farko a shekara ta 2001, kamfanin ya shiga cikin wani lokaci na tallace-tallace da fitarwa, na farko shine sayar da kashi 51% ga ƙungiyar masu saka hannun jari a ƙarƙashin sunan kasuwanci na Investors International London iyakance, an soke sayarwa bayan masu sa hannun kuɗi sun kasa yin farashin ƙarshe. Daga baya, gwamnati ta dakatar da saka hannun jari a cikin kamfanin kuma ta amince da kwangilar sauyawar gudanarwa tare da kamfanin da ake kira Pentascope a shekara ta 2003. An soke kwangilar a shekara ta 2005 bayan ya bayyana cewa Pentascope ba shi da isasshen albarkatu don gudanar da NITEL.  Wani rashin nasarar sayarwa ga Orascom a shekara ta 2005 ya biyo baya kafin a sayar da kamfanin ga wani reshe na Transcorp a cikin shekara, amma an soke wannan sayar a shekarar 2009. A cikin 2014, an sayar da kamfanin ga NATCOM, ƙungiyar masu saka hannun jari karkashin jagorancin Tunde Ayeni.

## Bayanan da aka yi amfani da su