Hukumar Binciken Muhalli

**Hukumar Binciken Muhalli** (**EIA**) kungiya ce ta kasa da kasa da aka kafa a 1984 a Burtaniya ta masu fafutukar kare muhalli Dave Currey, Jennifer Lonsdale da Allan Thornton . A halin yanzu, tana da ofisoshi a London da Washington, DC. EIA a ɓoye tana bincike da kamfen akan aikata laifukan muhalli da cin zarafi.

Binciken da ta yi a boye ya fallasa laifukan da suka shafi namun daji da ke kasashen waje, tare da mai da hankali kan giwaye da damisa, da kuma laifukan dazuzzuka kamar su sare dazuzzuka ba bisa ka'ida ba da kuma sare dazuzzuka don amfanin gona kamar dabino.  Yana aiki don kiyaye yanayin yanayin ruwa na duniya ta hanyar magance barazanar da gurbatar filastik ke haifarwa, [1] kamawa da cin kasuwa na whales, dolphins da porpoises.  Tana neman rage tasirin sauyin yanayi ta hanyar yin kamfen na kawar da iskar gas mai sanyi, da fallasa haramtattun kasuwancin da ke da alaƙa da inganta ingantaccen makamashi a fannin sanyaya.

EIA tana amfani da binciken ta a cikin rahotanni don kamfen don sabon doka, ingantaccen shugabanci da ingantaccen tilasta aiki. Bugu da kari, ana amfani da kwarewarsa a fagen don samar da jagora ga hukumomin tilasta aiki kuma yana samar da haɗin gwiwa tare da kungiyoyi da masu gwagwarmaya na cikin gida, tallafawa aikinsu ta hanyar horo na hannu.

## Yankunan aiki

### Yanayi
Ayyukan yanayi na EIA suna da niyyar magance barazanar Canjin yanayi ta hanyar kawar da iskar gas mai karfi da aka yi amfani da ita a ko'ina a bangaren sanyaya, inganta ingancin makamashi na fasahar maye gurbin da kuma binciken cinikayya ba bisa ka'ida ba a cikin iskar gas. Manyan wuraren kamfen sun hada da:

* Yarjejeniyar Montreal daga 1987, wanda ke tsara chlorofluorocarbons, wanda ke lalata Layer na ozone na Duniya. EIA ta taimaka wajen yin shari'ar cewa Yarjejeniyar ita ce hanya mafi kyau don kawar da cututtukan hydrofluorocarbons. Wannan aikin ya haifar da Kwaskwarimar Kigali . 
* Fasahar sanyaya: EIA ta yi kamfen don yada wayar da kan jama'a game da hanyoyin da suka dace da makamashi bayan fitowar hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) a kasashe masu tasowa.

### dazuzzuka
Ayyukan EIA na gandun daji sun fara ne a ƙarshen shekarun 1990 kuma suna da niyyar rage lalacewar gandun daji ta duniya ta hanyar ba da shawarar ingantaccen shugabanci da dokokin kasuwanci, yana nuna mummunar tasirin amfanin gona na kuɗi kamar Man dabino da kuma fallasa manyan 'yan wasan masu laifi a cikin cinikin haramtacciyar kasa da kasa a cikin katako da aka sace. Manyan wuraren kamfen sun hada da:

* Katako: Binciken EIA ya fallasa sare itatuwa ba bisa ka'ida ba, bishiyar katako ba bisa ka'ida ba, da kuma cin hanci da rashawa da ke saukaka laifukan daji, ta yin amfani da dokokin kasa da kasa don matsa kaimi da kuma kara rage sare itatuwa.[1]  A cikin Satumba 2022, New York Times ta ba da rahoton cewa EIA ta bin diddigin rajistan ayyukan daga gandun dazuzzuka masu mahimmanci zuwa injin pellet 10 da masana'antar wutar lantarki guda uku a Romania, Bulgaria, Slovakia da Poland;  kusan kashi uku na jigilar itace zuwa waɗannan masana'antu sun samo asali ne daga wurare masu kariya kamar wurin shakatawa na Cheile Bicazului-Hasmas na Romania.] Man dabino: ana da alaka da noman dabino da sare dazuzzuka da sare itatuwa ba bisa ka’ida ba, take hakkin bil’adama da hasarar rayayyun halittu  Hakkoki: Ba bisa ka'ida ba da jujjuyawar dazuzzukan na da alaka kai tsaye da cin hanci da rashawa da aikata laifuka, son zuciya, hana gaskiya da rikon amana, zabar bin doka da oda, mallakar filaye da alkalai da ba su dace ba, kuma galibi sun hada da jami'an jihohi da jami'an tsaro.  Iyakancen shigar da ƙungiyoyin jama'a ke ƙara tsananta waɗannan matsalolin.  Binciken dajin da EIA ke yi da fafutuka sun gano manyan gazawa a harkokin mulkin gandun daji, wanda ya tilastawa gwamnatoci da masana'antu amincewa da matsalolin da magance su.[4] su.

### Tekun
Ayyukan EIA na Ocean suna da niyyar inganta matsayin namun daji da yanayin halittu ta hanyar rage barazanar da gurɓataccen filastik na ruwa ya haifar, kamawa da cinikin kasuwanci na whales, dolphins da porpoises. Manyan wuraren kamfen sun hada da:

* Rashin gurɓata filastik na ruwa yana daya daga cikin manyan barazanar da ke tasowa ga lafiyar teku kuma babban haɗari ga bambancin halittu na ruwa. EIA ta yi aiki a kan batun a matakin Burtaniya da na duniya, tana kamfen ɗin kadai da kuma haɗin gwiwa game da filastik masu amfani guda ɗaya kamar jaka masu ɗaukar kaya, microbeads a cikin samfuran wanse-off da sauran nau'ikan kayan kwalliya masu lalacewa.
* Tsayar da kasa da kasa kan kifi na kasuwanci yana daya daga cikin manyan nasarorin kiyayewa na karni na 20. EIA ta yi kamfen don ci gaba da haramcin, don fallasa amfani da waɗannan nau'ikan da ba ta rufe ba da kuma fitar da mataki don magance wasu barazanar ga whales, dolphins da porpoises irin su filastik, sinadarai da gurɓataccen amo da kuma kamun kifi na masana'antu.

### Dabbobi na daji
Ayyukan EIA na namun daji sun fara ne a tsakiyar shekarun 1980 kuma suna da niyyar rage laifukan namun daji a duk duniya, suna ba da shawarar rushe hanyoyin sadarwar masu aikata laifuka na kasa da kasa da ke da hannu a cinikayya ba bisa ka'ida ba, suna ba le shawarar ingantaccen doka da rufe manyan kasuwanni, suna ba niƙaita hanyoyin aiwatar da su da kuma fallasa hanyoyin sadarwar aikata laifukan kasa da kasa. Manyan wuraren kamfen sun hada da:

* Cinikin Hauren giwa shine babban mai laifin farautar giwa. Shekaru da yawa, binciken EIA ya bayyana girman matsalar, gano kungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka na kasa da kasa a bayan fataucin, cin hanci da rashawa da suke jagoranta, kuma sun taka rawar gani wajen rufe kasuwancin hauren giwa. EIA ta ci gaba da aiki don rufe dukkan kasuwannin hauren giwa na cikin gida da na duniya.
* Pangolins sune dabbobi masu shayarwa da aka fi fataucin su a duniya, an kama su ne don cinikayya ba bisa ka'ida ba a cikin sikelin su da nama. EIA tana aiki don inganta tilasta aiki a kan kungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka da ke fataucin pangolins, samar da bayanai ga hukumomin tilasta aiki.
* EIA tana aiki don dawo da yawan damisa ta daji ta hanyar ba da shawarar rushe hanyoyin sadarwar masu aikata laifuka na kasa da kasa da ke da hannu a cinikayya ba bisa ka'ida ba, kamar samar da ruwan inabi na ƙashin damisa don inganta dokoki da kare mazauninsu da kuma fallasa rawar da aikin noman damisa ke takawa a cikin cinikayya ta doka da ta doka.
* EIA ta kirkiro taswirar cinikin namun daji masu ma'amala da ke ba da labarin cinikin da ba bisa ka'ida ba a wasu nau'ikan namun daji a matsayin hanya mai buɗewa.

## Gudanarwa
Ya zuwa 2020, EIA UK tana da ma'aikata 45. Kwamitin amintattu na EIA UK sun hada da James Arrandale, Pesh Framjee, Jennifer Lonsdale (wanda ya kafa), Alice Railton, John Stephenson (kujerar), Kit Stoner, Paul Townley da Allan Thornton (wanda ya kirkiro). 

A cikin 2013, an kafa Stichting EIA a cikin Netherlands amma ya kasance mai barci. A cikin 2019 EIA UK ta yanke shawarar a sakamakon Brexit, don haɓaka Stichting EIA a matsayin ofis a Hague da ke mai da hankali kan batutuwan manufofin muhalli na EU da Dutch.

## ''Masu Binciken Dabbobi''
A cikin 1995, Gidan Talabijin mai zaman kansa (ITV) ya watsa jerin shirye-shiryen TV mai suna The Animal Detectives a Burtaniya.  Goldhawk ne ya samar da jerin shirye-shiryen da Carlton Television ya yi tare da masu binciken Eco, kamfani mallakin daraktocin EIA.  Jerin, wanda ya danganta da aikin binciken sirri na EIA game da cinikin nau'ikan da ke cikin hatsari, ya nuna hotunan bidiyon da EIA ta yi a ɓoye.  Jerin yana da biyu aukuwa, kowannensu yana rufe wani rukuni daban-daban na dabbobi kamar bears (18/05/1995), kunkuru (30/05/1995), kunkuru (30/03/1995), kunkuru (30/03/1995), kunkuru (30/03/1995), kunkuru (30/03/199)  (23/02/1995). 

Jerin ya lashe lambar yabo ta Media Natura don fim mafi kyau, lambar yabo ta Brigitte Bardot International Genesis (Los Angeles), da Gold Plaque a bikin fina-finai na Chicago . 

## Sunansa
A cikin 2007, Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka ta kira EIA "aikin bincike, takardun kimiyya, da wakilci a tarurrukan kasa da kasa ... mai tasiri sosai kuma mai nasara". A cikin shekara ta 2008, mujallar BBC Wildlife ta kira EIA "kungiyar da ake girmamawa sosai, mai tsananin kaifi, mai tono datti". Earth Touch ya kira EIA "kamar FBI na aikata laifukan muhalli".