Rabiu Kwankwaso

**Mohammed Rabi'u Musa Kwankwaso**,  (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga Oktoba 1956) ɗan siyasa Najeriya ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin gwamnan jihar Kano daga 1999 zuwa 2003 kuma daga 2011 zuwa 2015. Bayan ya rasa sake zabensa a shekara ta 2003, an nada shi Ministan Tsaro na farko na Jamhuriyar Hudu ba tare da wani bayanan soja ba, daga 2003 zuwa 2007, a karkashin gwamnatin Shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo .  Daga baya aka zabe shi a Majalisar Dattijai a shekarar 2015, yana aiki na lokaci daya a karkashin dandalin All Progressives Congress (APC) wanda ke wakiltar Gundumar Sanata ta Tsakiya ta Kano . 

A halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin shugaban kasa na New Nigeria Peoples Party kuma yana da ƙungiyar adawa mai ƙarfi a Kano da sassa da yawa na Najeriya. Kwankwaso yana da goyon baya sosai a Kano da arewa maso yammacin Najeriya; an kalli shi a matsayin mai tsattsauran ra'ayi.[1] A shekara ta 2011, an sake zabarsa a matsayin gwamnan jihar kuma ya ci gaba da shiga jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress (APC) a shekara ta 2014. A shekara ta 2015, Kwankwaso ya yi hamayya da zaben fidda gwani na shugaban kasa a karkashin adawar All Progressives Congress amma ya sha kashi a hannun Muhammadu Buhari . A shekara ta 2018, ya koma jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party kuma ya tsaya takarar zaben fidda gwani na shugaban kasa, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Atiku Abubakar . A cikin 2023, Kwankwaso ya yi takarar shugaban Najeriya ba tare da nasara ba a karkashin dandalin New Nigeria Peoples Party, inda ya samu kashi 6.23% na kuri'un.[2][3]

## Tarihi

### Iyali
An haifi Rabiu Musa Kwankwaso a ranar 21 ga Oktoba 1956 a Kano, ga dangin musulmi. Mahaifinsa ya rike mukamin shugaban ƙauyen Kwankwaso tare da taken Sarkin Fulani Dagacin Kwankwaso kafin a ɗaukaka shi zuwa matsayin Shugaban Gundumar Madobi tare da taken Majidadin Kano, Hakimin Madobi ta Majalisar Masarautar Kano a ƙarƙashin jagorancin 13th Fulani Emir of Kano Alhaji Ado Bayero CFR, LLD, JP . 

### Ilimi
Ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Kwankwaso, Gwarzo Boarding Senior Primary School, Wudil Craft School da Kwalejin Fasaha ta Kano kafin ya ci gaba zuwa Kaduna Polytechnic inda ya yi duka Diploma na Kasa, da kuma Diploma na Kasa. Kwankwaso ya kasance jagora ne mai aiki a lokacin da yake makaranta kuma ya kasance zaɓaɓɓen jami'in Kungiyar Dalibai ta Jihar Kano . [1] Ya kuma halarci karatun digiri na biyu a Burtaniya daga 1982 zuwa 1983 a Middlesex Polytechnic; da Jami'ar Fasaha ta Loughborough inda ya sami digiri na biyu na injiniyan farar hula a shekarar 1985.[2] Ya kuma ba da digiri na biyu a fannin injiniya daga Jami'ar Sharda ta Indiya, a cikin 2022.[3

### Farkon aiki
Kwankwaso ya shiga Hukumar Kula da Ruwa da Injiniya ta Jihar Kano ta Gwamnatin Jihar Kano a 1975. Ya yi aiki a can na tsawon shekaru goma sha bakwai a wurare daban-daban kuma ya tashi a cikin matsayi don ya zama babban injiniyan ruwa.

## Shigar da siyasa
A shekara ta 1992, Kwankwaso ya shiga siyasa a dandalin Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (SDP). Ya kasance memba na jam'iyyar People's Front na SDP karkashin jagorancin Janar Shehu Yar'adua da sauran sanannun 'yan siyasa kamar tsohon shugabansa Sanata Magaji Abdullahi, Babagana Kingibe, Atiku Abubakar, Bola Tinubu, Tony Anenih, Chuba Okadigbo, Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila, Abubakar Koko da Lamidi Adedibu da sauransu.

A shekara ta 1992, an zabi Kwankwaso a matsayin memba na Majalisar Wakilai wanda ke wakiltar Majalisa ta Tarayya ta Madobi .  Zaben da ya biyo baya a matsayin mataimakin kakakin majalisar ya kawo shi ga hasken siyasa na kasa. A lokacin Taron Tsarin Mulki na 1995, an zabi Kwankwaso a matsayin daya daga cikin wakilai daga Kano, a matsayin memba na Ƙungiyar Demokradiyyar Jama'a karkashin jagorancin Yar'adua. Daga baya ya shiga Jam'iyyar Democrat ta Najeriya (DPN) a cikin shirin sauya siyasa na Janar Sani Abacha . 

Kwankwaso ya shiga PDP a shekarar 1998  a karkashin dandalin Jam'iyyar Demokradiyya ta Jama'a a Kano karkashin jagorancin Mallam Musa Gwadabe, Sanata Hamisu Musa da Alhaji Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila.  A shekara ta 1999, ya tsaya takarar zaben fidda gwani na PDP tare da Abdullahi Umar Ganduje, Mukthari Zimit da Jakadan Kabiru Rabiu Dansista . Santsi / P. S.P. sun kasance a bayan takarar Abdullahi Umar Ganduje, kwamitin zabe na jam'iyyar da Cif Tony Momoh ke jagoranta tare da Alhaji Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila, Sanata Bala Tafidan Yauri a matsayin mambobi da sauransu sun bayyana Rabiu Kwankwaso a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaben fidda gwani. An yi sanarwar ne a Sakatariyar Jam'iyyar da ke Gidan Akida Hotoro GRA, Karamar Hukumar Tarauni.

## Gwamnan Jihar Kano

### Lokaci na farko
An zabi Kwankwaso a karo na farko a matsayin gwamnan Jihar Kano daga 29 ga Mayu 1999 zuwa 29 ga Mayu 2003.  Lokacinsa na farko a matsayin gwamnan Jihar Kano ya kasance mai matukar damuwa saboda wasu kungiyoyi da yawa da suka yi adawa da gwamnatinsa mai girma da kuma yunkurinsa na tallafawa Shugaba Yoruba Olusegun Obasanjo .  A shekara ta 2003, ya rasa sake zaben ga abokin hamayyarsa Ibrahim Shekarau . 

### Lokaci na biyu
An sake zabar Kwankwaso a karo na biyu a matsayin gwamnan Jihar Kano daga 29 ga Mayu 2011 zuwa 29 ga Mayu 2015.  A wannan lokacin, ya fara sake tsara tsarin siyasarsa da ake kira *Kwankwassiya* movement: gina hanyoyi, asibitoci, da makarantu da aika mazauna zuwa karatu a kasashen waje. A watan Agustan 2013, Kwankwaso na daga cikin gwamnoni bakwai da suka kafa ƙungiyar G-7 a cikin Jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party .  A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2013, Kwankwaso, tare da mambobi biyar na G-7, sun sauya sheka zuwa sabuwar jam'iyyar adawa, All Progressives Congress (APC). 

A watan Yunin 2014, Kwankwaso ya kasance a cikin rikici tare da Sarkin Kano Ado Bayero na dogon lokaci kan nadin Waziri (Vizier) na Majalisar Masarautar Kano . A ranar 6 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2014, Ado Bayero ya mutu kuma rikici na maye gurbin ya faru tsakanin sarakuna. A ranar 8 ga Yuni 2014, Sanusi Lamido Sanusi ya dakatar da Gwamnan Babban Bankin kuma Dan Majen Kano (Ɗan Emir-Maje)  ya fito a matsayin sabon Sarkin Kano.  Shigar da shi ya haifar da zanga-zangar da aka yi daga magoya bayan Sanusi Ado Bayero ɗan marigayi Emir da Chiroman Kano (Prince), da kuma zargin cewa Kwankwaso ya goyi bayan Sanusi saboda Zaben shugaban kasa na 2015.

### Yaƙin neman zaɓe na shugaban kasa na 2015
A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2014, Kwankwaso ya yi amfani da manyan mabiya siyasa a Kano don yin takarar zaben fidda gwani na APC.  Sakamakon zaben fidda gwani da aka gudanar a Legas sune: Muhammadu Buhari da kuri'u 3,430, Kwankwaso da kuri'un 974, Atiku Abubakar da kuri'uwannin 954, Rochas Okorocha da kuri'us 400 da Sam Nda-Isiah da kuri'ur 10. Da yake zuwa na biyu, Kwankwaso ya goyi bayan wanda ya lashe Muhammadu Buhari .

## Bayan mulkin mallaka

### Ministan Tsaro
Daga 2003 zuwa 2007, Shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo ya nada Kwankwaso a matsayin Ministan Tsaro, ya maye gurbin Theophilus Danjuma . 

### Zaben gwamna na 2007
A shekara ta 2007, Kwankwaso ya yi murabus daga mukamin minista don yin takara a zaben gwamna na Jihar Kano amma ya rasa saboda wani White Paper na Gwamnati ya zarge shi. Alhaji Ahmed Garba Bichi daga baya ya maye gurbinsa a matsayin dan takarar gwamna na jam'iyyar. Bayan ya rasa takarar jam'iyyarsa don tsayawa takara a zaben 2007, Shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo ya nada shi a matsayin Jakadan Musamman a Somaliya da Darfur; kuma daga baya Shugaba Umaru Yar'Adua ya nada shi memba na Kwamitin Ci gaban Neja Delta, matsayin da ya yi murabus daga 2010.

### Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya

Kwankwaso ya wakilci Gundumar Sanata ta Tsakiya ta Kano a Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya daga Mayu 2015 zuwa Mayu 2019. 

### Yaƙin neman zaɓe na shugaban kasa na 2019
A watan Yulin 2018, Kwankwaso tare da sanatoci goma sha huɗu na APC sun sauya sheka zuwa Jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party (PDP).  A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2018, Kwankwaso ya tsaya takarar zaben fidda gwani na PDP. A zaben fidda gwani na shugaban kasa da aka gudanar a Rivers, daga cikin 'yan takarar shugaban kasa goma sha biyu Kwankwaso ya zo na huɗu a bayan Atiku Abubakar da kuri'u 1,532, Aminu Tambuwal da kuri'un 693, Bukola Saraki da kuri'a 317 da Kwankwaso da kuri'una 158. Kwankwaso daga baya ya amince da wanda ya lashe Atiku Abubakar kuma ya ki neman sake zaben a majalisar dattijai, tare da Ibrahim Shekarau ya maye gurbinsa. Kwankwaso ya yi yakin neman zabe sosai don surukinsa Abba Kabir Yusuf ya fito a matsayin gwamna a Jihar Kano. Daga baya aka ayyana zaben ba a kammala shi ba don goyon bayan Abdullahi Umar Ganduje.

### Kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙasa
A ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun 2022, Kwankwaso ya kafa kungiyar ta kasa a matsayin yunkurin siyasa na adawa da madafun ikon manyan jam’iyyun siyasa biyu na All Progressives Congress da Peoples Democratic Party . Ya zabi jam'iyyar New Nigeria Peoples Party a matsayin reshen siyasar tafiyar kuma ya zama shugaban jam'iyyar na kasa a ranar 30 ga Maris 2022.  

## Ra'ayi da hoton jama'a
Kwankwaso an dauke shi mai ra'ayin mazan jiya a cikin al'umma kuma mai goyon bayan tattalin arziki. Ya danganta tushen akidar ra'ayoyin tattalin arzikinsa na hagu ga Aminu Kano, sanannen ɗan siyasa na zamantakewar al'umma na ƙarni na 20 daga Kano. Koyaya, an bayyana jam'iyyar Kwankwaso a matsayin mai mayar da hankali kan la'akari da yanki da kuma pragmatic kuma ba a kan wani akidar ba.

### Infrastructure da ilimi
Lokacin Kwankwaso a ofis ya kasance tare da nasarori da yawa. A lokacin mulkinsa na farko a matsayin gwamna (1999 zuwa 2003), ya kafa Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kano a Wudil, jami'ar farko kuma kawai a Kano a lokacin. A lokacin mulkinsa na biyu (2011 zuwa 2015), Kwankwaso ya kafa Jami'ar Arewa maso Yamma, Kano, Jami'ar jihar ta biyu a Kano. Ya kuma kafa cibiyoyin horar da ma'aikata da ma'aikatan ilimi 26 kuma ta hanyar waɗannan cibiyoyin an horar da matasa da mata sama da 360,000 kuma an ba da iko. Shi ne gwamnan farko a Najeriya da ya gabatar da abinci na makaranta kyauta da kayan aiki ga ɗaliban makarantar firamare. Wannan ya kara yawan adadin shiga makaranta daga miliyan 1 a 2011 zuwa sama da miliyan 3 a 2015 lokacin da ya bar ofis.

Sha'awarsa ga ilimi ya ga gabatar da ilimi kyauta a duk matakan a jihar kuma ya ga isasshen samar da kayan koyarwa da ilmantarwa. Ya kafa makarantun sakandare 230 wadanda akwai kwalejojin fasaha 47, makarantun nazarin Islama 44, kwalejin Sinanci, kwalejin Faransanci, da kwalejin 'yan mata na farko da kuma kwalejin yara maza a Damagaran da Niamey tare da Gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Nijar. A cikin shekaru hudu da ya yi a matsayin gwamnan Jihar Kano, ya ba da tallafin karatu na kasashen waje sama da 2,600 a kasashe 14 a duk faɗin duniya. Wannan ya faru ne da tallafin karatu na jami'a mai zaman kansa a Najeriya.

A cikin yankin ababen more rayuwa a karo na farko a tarihin Arewacin Najeriya, an gina gadoji uku, ana gina hanyoyi masu haske guda 5 a kowane ɗayan yankuna 44 na Kano, kuma an gina gadojin karkashin kasa guda biyu. Kwankwaso ya kuma fara rufe magudanar ruwa tare da tayal masu haɗuwa a cikin jihar, gami da rufe Kogin Jakara wanda ke ratsa birnin Kano tare da hanya mai haɗari, wanda ya inganta yanayin muhalli da tsabta na dukan birnin Kano. Kwankwaso ya kuma gina gidaje da dukiya da yawa a cikin mulkinsa na farko da na biyu. An gina birane uku na zamani, Kwankwasiyya, Amana da Bandirawo tare da kimanin gidaje 3000 na iyawa daban-daban da aka sayar wa jama'a gaba ɗaya. An gina kimanin gidaje 1500 kuma an ba da gudummawa kyauta ga al'ummomin karkara matalauta da wadanda ambaliyar ruwa ta shafa.&nbsp;

### Taimako
Bayan barin ofishin a matsayin gwamna, Engr Kwankwaso ya kaddamar da Gidauniyar Ci Gaban Kwankwasiyya (KDF), wani shiri da aka tsara don taimakawa mutanen jihar Kano da duk faɗin Najeriya. Ta hanyar tushe, Kwankwaso ta tallafa wa matasa da yawa don ci gaba da iliminsu tare da ci gaba da taimakon kuɗi. Rukunin farko na masu cin gajiyar 370 na tushen ya koma Najeriya a cikin 2021 bayan sun sami nasarar kammala digiri. Bayan kammala karatunsu, da yawa daga cikin malaman sun sami aiki tare da kungiyoyi daban-daban na kasa da kasa kamar Dangote da Bua, wanda aka sauƙaƙe ta hanyar Gidauniyar Ci gaban Kwankwasiyya.

Lokacin da aka tambaye shi dalilin da ya sa ya kaddamar da tushe, Kwankwaso ya bayyana cewa dalilin shine kawai don inganta karatu da rubutu da kuma rage matsanancin talauci a jihar Kano da Najeriya gaba ɗaya. Don tallafawa tushe, Kwankwaso ya sayar da dukiyarsa kuma ya ba da kuɗin ga tushe.

Ta hanyar KDF, Kwankwaso ya kuma sami sakin fursunoni 170 a cikin kurkuku daban-daban a fadin Najeriya ta hanyar biyan tarar su da samar da sufuri don ba su damar zuwa inda suke zuwa kuma su sake haduwa da iyalansu. Kwankwaso ya kuma ba da gudummawar kayan wasanni da tsabar kudi sama da naira miliyan 150 ga kungiyoyin kwallon kafa masu son a fadin jihohin Najeriya. Wannan wani bangare ne na kokarinsa na tallafawa ci gaba da ci gaban wasanni na gida a Najeriya, wani yanki da ke ba matasa dama a duk faɗin duniya. Har ila yau, tushe ya ba da gudummawar kuɗi da kayan abinci ga matalauta da mabukata, gami da gwauraye, mutanen da ke da nakasa, da marayu, a kokarin rage talauci musamman tsakanin mata a Najeriya.

A ranar haihuwarsa ta 64 a shekarar 2020, Kwankwaso ya kaddamar da makarantar dalibai 300 wacce ya gina a karamar hukumar Rano, Kano. Makarantar tana da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana kuma tana da ɗakunan ajiya shida. An gina makarantar ta hanyar KDF daidai da hangen nesa da manufa ta Kwankwaso don tallafawa ilimi.

### Cin hanci da rashawa
A ranar 9 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2004, babban alƙali na jihar Kano ya rantse a cikin kwamitin bincike na mambobi shida wanda Hon. Justice Ahmed Badamasi ya jagoranta a matsayin shugaban don yin tambaya game da ayyukan Kwankwaso. Hukumar ta fara zama a ranar 19 ga Maris 2004 kuma ta ba da rahotonta kuma gwamnati ta fitar da farar takarda a watan Nuwamba 2004, lokacin da aka tuhume shi.

A cikin shekara ta 2015, ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Jihar Kano da suka Damu da Fensho sun shigar da takarda ga Hukumar Kula da Laifukan Tattalin Arziki da Kudi suna mai cewa Kwankwaso ya karya Dokar Fensho da Fensos na Jihar Kano ta 2007 kafin ya bar ofis a farkon shekarar 2015. A cewar kungiyar, Kwankwaso ya ba da umarnin cewa a yi amfani da kuɗin fansho don ci gaban gidaje amma ana zaton ya shiga cikin aikin gidaje don rarraba gidaje ga abokan aikinsa. Daga ƙarshe, rabon gidaje da zargin cin zarafin kudade ya kai kusan naira biliyan 10 bisa ga ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Jihar Kano da ke Damuwa.

A ranar 2 ga watan Yulin 2015, Mai shari’a Mohammed Yahaya na babbar kotun Kano ya hana hukumar EFCC kama ko takurawa Kwankwaso a binciken da take yi kan zargin karkatar da kudaden fansho naira biliyan 10 a lokacin da yake gwamnan jihar Kano.  Amma bayan makonni biyu a ranar 16 ga Yuli, 2015, wannan alkalin babbar kotun Kano ya yi watsi da umarnin da ya bayar a baya, ya kuma baiwa hukumar EFCC hukuncin da zai baiwa hukumar damar gudanar da bincike, kamawa da gurfanar da Kwankwaso.  Mai shari'a Muhammed Yahaya ya kuma ci tarar Kwankwaso N50,000 saboda " bata lokaci." 

Daga baya a cikin 2016, EFCC ta musanta kuma ta karyata da'awar duk wani shari'ar cin hanci da rashawa da ake jira da kuma gurfanar da Kwankwaso.   Kwankwaso da kansa ya musanta kuma ya ki amincewa da duk wani zargi na cin hanci da rashawa a kansa, yana bayyana shi a matsayin cin zarafin siyasa kawai, mummunan aiki da rashin gaskiya wanda abokan gaba da abokan hamayyarsa na siyasa ke tallafawa don lalata siffarsa da sunansa. Kwankwaso ya shigar da kara a kotu ta hanyar lauyansa yana neman diyya don lalata matsayinsa.

A watan Satumbar 2021, Premium Times ta gano cewa EFCC ta gayyaci Kwankwaso don yin tambayoyi a farkon wannan watan game da zargin asusun fansho daga 2015; Kwankwaso da farko ya yi watsi da hukumar kafin ya juya kansa a ranar 16 ga Oktoba don yin tambayoyi. Koyaya, waɗannan hasashe ne kawai, kamar yadda ba a taɓa yanke Kwankwaso hukunci ba ko kuma a kai shi kotu kan zargin cin hanci da rashawa. Ya ziyarci EFCC da son rai don bayyana wasu jita-jita da abokan adawarsa na siyasa suka yada. Ba a kama shi ba kuma ba a same shi da laifi game da zargin da ake yi da shi ba.

A lokacin jawabin da ya gabatar a Chatham House a Burtaniya, Kwankwaso ya bayyana a fili cewa ya shiga siyasa sama da shekaru 30 kuma bai taba fuskantar tuhumar cin hanci da rashawa ba.

## Dan takarar shugaban kasa
A cikin 2014, Kwankwaso ya sanar da niyyarsa ta tsaya takarar shugaban Najeriya a karkashin sabuwar jam'iyyar adawa da aka kafa, jam'iyyar APC. Ya shiga zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar a Legas, inda ya zo a matsayi na biyu bayan Janar Muhammadu Buhari, wanda ya ci gaba da lashe babban zaben 2015 kuma ya zama Shugaban Najeriya. 

Bayan rashin jituwa da tsohon Mataimakin Gwamnansa, Abdullahi Ganduje, Kwankwaso ya bar APC kuma ya shiga PDP. A shekara ta 2018, ya tsaya takara a zaben fidda gwani na PDP da aka gudanar a Port Harcourt kuma ya zo a matsayi na huɗu, yayin da tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Najeriya, Atiku Abubakar, ya fito a matsayin mai nasara. Koyaya, Atiku daga baya ya rasa a babban zaben 2019. 

A cikin 2022, Kwankwaso ya bar PDP kuma ya shiga New Nigeria Peoples Party (NNPP). Ya yi takara kuma ya lashe zaben fidda gwani na shugaban kasa da aka gudanar a Abuja daga baya a wannan shekarar. A lokacin zaben shugaban kasa na Najeriya na 2023, Kwankwaso da abokin takararsa, Bishop Isaac Idahosa, sun sami matsayi na huɗu tare da kusan kuri'u miliyan 1.5.  Kafin babban zaben, Kwankwaso na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan takarar da aka gayyaci zuwa Royal Institute of International Affairs, Chatham House, Burtaniya, don tattauna hangen nesa ga Najeriya.

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin gwamnonin Jihar Kano
* Yahuza Ado                              

###### Manazarta