William Fitzwilliam, Earl Fitzwilliam na 4

William Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam PC (30 Mayu 1748 - 8 Fabrairu 1833), mai suna **Viscount Milton** har zuwa 1756, ɗan siyasan Whig ne na Burtaniya na ƙarshen ƙarni na 18 da farkon ƙarni na 19. A shekara ta 1782 ya gaji dukiyar kawunsa Charles Watson-Wentworth, Marquess na 2 na Rockingham, wanda ya sanya shi daya daga cikin masu arziki a Burtaniya. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a siyasar Whig har zuwa shekarun 1820.

## Rayuwa ta farko (1748-1782)
Fitzwilliam ɗan William Fitzwilliam ne, 3rd Earl Fitzwilliam, da matarsa Lady Anne, 'yar Thomas Watson-Wentworth, 1st Marquess of Rockingham . Firayim Minista Charles Watson-Wentworth, Marquess na biyu na Rockingham, shi ne kawunsa na uwa. Ya gaji yankuna biyu na Fitzwilliam (a cikin Peerages na Burtaniya da na Ireland) a cikin 1756 yana da shekaru takwas a kan mutuwar mahaifinsa. Ya yi karatu a Eton, inda ya zama abokantaka da Charles James Fox da Lord Morpeth . Malamin sa a can, Edward Young, ya rubuta wa Lady Fitzwilliam a ranar 25 ga Yulin 1763 game da Fitzwilliam "mafi girman fahimta, kuma ... mafi kyawun hali da fushinsa". Ubangiji Carlisle (Ubangiji Morpeth), wanda ya gaji yankin, ya rubuta waka game da abokansa:

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1764 Fitzwilliam ya fara babban yawon shakatawa tare da wani limami, Thomas Crofts, wanda Dokta Edward Barnard, shugaban Eton ya zaba. Fitzwilliam bai yi sha'awar Faransa ba, yana rubuta Ruwa Faransanci sun kasance "ƙananan mutane ne, marasa tausayi, marasa mutunci" waɗanda halayensu "ba za a iya jurewa ba har ba ni da wata matsala ta haɗa kai da su... ra'ayin kowa ne, cewa ya fi kyau in bar wurin nan da nan". Bayan ya kwashe lokaci a kusa da Faransa kuma a takaice a Switzerland ya koma Ingila a farkon shekara ta 1766, bai bar ya ci gaba da babban yawon shakatawa ba har zuwa watan Disamba. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 1767 ya kasance a Italiya, yana rubutu ba da daɗewa ba bayan ya isa Genoa cewa "Ina son wannan wuri ba tare da bayyanawa ba". Tsakanin lokacin rani na 1767 da 1768 ya ga zane-zane a Verona, regatta a Venice da gallery a Padua, Bologna da Florence. Sir Horace Mann ne ya jagoranci dandano na Fitzwilliam a cikin zane-zane a Florence da William Hamilton a Naples. Ya koma Ingila a shekara ta 1768 tare da zane-zane goma sha huɗu (Canalettos takwas da wasu daga cikin Makarantar Bolognese, kamar Guercino da Guido Reni).  Fitzwilliam ya koma Ingila a karo na karshe a watan Janairun 1769 bayan ya yi tafiya daga Naples a kan Alps, ta hanyar Switzerland, Mannheim da Paris.

Adadin Fitzwilliam ya kasance mai yawa amma ba mai ban mamaki ba. Gidansa a Milton ya samar da kasa da £ 3,000 a kowace shekara a matsakaita na shekaru bakwai da suka gabata 1769 (shekarar da Fitzwilliam ya shiga mafi rinjaye). Sauran kadarorinsa a Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire, Yorkshire da Norfolk da kuma haya daga Peterborough sun kara da matsakaicin £ 3,600 a shekara. Adadin da aka haɗu don 1768 daga duk kadarorinsa ya kasance £ 6,900. Koyaya, Fitzwilliam ya gaji bashin £ 45,000 tare da cajin shekara-shekara na £ 3,300. Fitzwilliam ya sayar da kadarorinsa na Norfolk don £ 60,000, wanda ya isa ya share bashin a duk dukiyar.

Da yake zama a cikin House of Lords, Fitzwilliam ya halarci kusan kowane sanannen muhawara, ya sanya hannu kusan kowane zanga-zangar da 'yan adawa suka yi amfani da ita amma bai taɓa yin jawabi ba a lokacin Firayim Minista na Ubangiji Arewa. Ya goyi bayan John Wilkes a cikin gwagwarmayarsa don ci gaba da zama wanda aka zaba kuma ya goyi bayan mulkin mallaka na Amurka a cikin takaddamar da suka yi da Burtaniya. A ranar 8 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1776 ya nemi Ubangiji Rockingham ya shirya don a aika wa Sarki horo lokacin da yaƙin ya ɓarke a Amurka, don haka Amurkawa za su ga "har yanzu akwai a cikin ƙasar ƙungiyar maza na matsayi na farko da mahimmanci, waɗanda har yanzu suna so su mallake su bisa ga tsohuwar manufofin". George Selwyn MP ya rubuta cewa a ranar 6 ga Maris 1782 Fitzwilliam ya fuskanci shi a Brooks kuma dole ne ya saurari Fitzwilliam a kan mummunan yanayin al'ummar: "Ban san ko yana da gaske ba, amma ina tsammanin yana da gaske. Ya yi aiki da kansa don ya yi wa jihar ta tausayi, a'a, ta sarki da kansa, [don haka] ina tsammanin kowane lokaci zuciyarsa za ta fashe".[so] Lokacin da Selwyn ya tambayi Fitzwilliam "idan akwai yiwuwar ceto a kowane matsayi da za a iya sanya al'amuranmu", Fitzwilliam ya "ta tambaye ni ... tare da gagarumin hanzari, wane rashin amincewa da aka aiko da Ubangiji Rock [ingham]. Za ka iya tabbatar da cewa idan ina da wani, bai kamata in yi ba".

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