open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Sandra Blain

**Sandra Jean Blain** (1941 - 2024) ƙwararriyar mai fasahar yumbu ce ta Amurka, mai sassaka, kuma mai koyarwa. An san ta da aikin tukwane da aka gina da kuma wanda aka jefa da hannu. Blain tana koyarwa a Jami'ar Tennessee, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin darakta a Makarantar Fasaha da Sana'o'i ta Arrowmont .   Tana zaune a Arizona. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Sandra Jean Blain a shekarar 1941, a Chicago.  Ta sami digirin BS (1964) a fannin ilimi daga Jami'ar Arewacin Illinois da ke Dekalb, haka kuma ta sami digirin MS (1967) a fannin fasaha da digirin MFA (1972) a fannin tukwane daga Jami'ar Wisconsin–Milwaukee .  

Ta kasance malamar jami'a a Jami'ar Tennessee da ke Knoxville, Tennessee (daga 1969 zuwa 2004). Blain ita ce darakta a Makarantar Fasaha da Sana'o'i ta Arrowmont da ke Gatlinburg, Tennessee (daga 1980 zuwa 2001). [1] Ta yi aiki a matsayin wakilin Majalisar Sana'o'i ta Duniya a 1978 a Japan. [2] [3] Blain ta kuma yi aiki a kwamitin gudanarwa na taron kasa da kasa na yumbu. [2]

A shekarar 1997, Majalisar Sana'o'in Amurka ta nada Blain a matsayin wanda ya lashe kyautar. 

Blain ya mutu sakamakon cutar kansa a ranar 19 ga Disamba, 2024, a Tempe, Arizona . 

## Manazarta
Rose Cabat

## Heading text
**Rose Cabat** (27 ga Yuni, 1914 - 25 ga Janairu, 2015) ƙwararriyar mai zane ce a fannin yumbu, wacce aka sanya ta a matsayin wani ɓangare na motsi na zamani na tsakiyar ƙarni, wacce aka fi sani da sabbin glazes ɗinta a kan ƙananan tukwane na porcelain da ake kira 'feelies' galibi a siffar albasa da ɓaure,  da kwano. Ita ce mafi tsufa da aka sani tana yin aikin tukwane a Amurka . 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Cabat a matsayin Rose Katz a shekarar 1914 a Bronx, kuma ta auri Ernest "Erni" Cabat a shekarar 1936. Ta fara aiki a fannin tukwane a shekarar 1940 bayan mijinta ya kawo mata yumbu daga aikinsa na mataimakiya ga Vally Wiselthier, wani mai gyaran kayan fasaha wanda ke yin kayan ado na General Ceramics a Keasbey, New Jersey . [1] Bayan ganin kayan aikinta na farko, Erni ta ba Rose memba a Greenwich House, inda ta koyi yadda ake amfani da ƙafafun tukwane. [2]

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan an haifi ɗansu na fari George, an gano yana da ciwon asma mai tsanani. 'Yan Cabat sun yanke shawarar ƙaura zuwa Arizona a kusa da 1942 don rage masa yanayin. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu Rose ta yi aiki a matsayin mai gyaran jiragen sama a filin jirgin saman Davis-Monthan da ke gyaran jiragen sama da yaƙi ya lalata. 

Rose ta sami damar yin yumbu na asali daga ƙarin yumbu da Erni ta samu daga masana'antar bulo. Ta yi wasu siffofi na nada har sai da Erni ta sami damar canza injin wanki zuwa ƙafafun tukwane. Daga ƙarshe, Erni ta yi odar injin Randall kickwheel, wanda Rose ta yi amfani da shi har ƙarshe. Ta yi yumbu a lokacin hutunta, yayin da take aiki a masana'antar harsasai a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. 

## Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu
Bayan yaƙin, Rose ta ci gaba da yin kayan gini na yumbu kamar ƙararrawa ta iska, siffofi na dabbobi da sauran kayan masarufi don taimakawa wajen tallafawa iyali, yayin da Erni ya yi aiki a Tucson a matsayin mai zane-zane da kuma talla.  Erni ya rubuta littattafan yara da dama. Sun zama abokai da masu fasaha na gida, kuma sun taimaka wajen kafa Cibiyar Fasaha, wadda ita ce ta farko a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Tucson. 'Yan Cabats sun haifi ƙarin yara biyu, Mike da Yuni. 

## Manazarta
Giorgos Adamopoulos

**Giorgos Adamopoulos** (Girkanci; 1946 - 24 Fabrairu 2023) ɗan siyasan Girka ne. Wani memba na PASOK, ya yi aiki a majalisar dokokin Hellenic daga 1989 zuwa 2000.

Adamopoulos ya mutu a Larissa a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu 2023. [1]

## Manazarta
Ƙaddamar da Ƙasashen Musulunci

Composite Nationalism and Islam (Urdu) littafi ne da Hussain Ahmad Madani, Dean na Darul Uloom Deoband ya rubuta a 1938, wanda ke goyon bayan kishin kasa: Indiya mai haɗin kai ga Musulmai da wadanda ba Musulmai ba. Littafin ya yi tsayayya da Rarraba Indiya kuma a ciki, Madani ya ba da shawarar "ma'anar 'Ƙaddamar da ƙasa' a cikin Indiya mai haɗin kai, wanda ya yi tunanin zai fi dacewa da yaduwa da wadatar al'ummarsa a duk yankin fiye da kowane bangare na addini".

Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind ne ya fassara littafin zuwa Turanci a shekara ta 2005. 

Ra'ayin hada-hadar kishin kasa ya kasance kuma ya kasance mai tasiri tsakanin Musulmai da ke zaune a Indiya, tare da mafi yawansu suna zaune a Indiya mai zaman kanta duk da rabuwa, maimakon ƙaura zuwa yankunan da suka rabu don zama Pakistan.

## Tattaunawar
Asgar Ali ya taƙaita wani muhimmin batu na Ƙasashen Ƙasa da Islama: 

Ƙaddamar da Ƙasashen Ƙasa da Islama sun gabatar da ra'ayin cewa addinai daban-daban ba su zama ƙasashe daban-daban. Maimakon haka, "Ƙasa tana da alaƙa da yankin kuma masu bi da waɗanda ba su bi addinin Musulunci na iya raba yankin ɗaya kuma saboda haka ƙasa ɗaya.  Al'ummai, littafin ya yi jayayya, an kafa su ne bisa ga "ƙasar uwa ɗaya, yare, kabilanci ko launi, wanda ke haɗa Musulmai da waɗanda ba Musulmai ba tare da raba ɗaya ko fiye da waɗannan halayen ɗaya ko fiye. "

Saboda haka, ra'ayin don raba Indiya ba shi da wata hujja ta addini, amma "ta siyasa ne kawai".  Rubutun ya jaddada cewa waɗanda suke so su raba Indiya suna cikin manyan masu zaman kansu, maimakon shugabannin addini.  Ƙaddamar da Ƙasashen Ƙasa da Islama sun yi imanin cewa dalilin da ya sa masu rabuwa suka so su kirkiro sabuwar jiha saboda haka suna da burin samun iko kuma saboda haka suna son yankin su na musamman.

Saboda haka, Ƙungiyar Ƙasa da Islama sun bukaci masu karatu su shiga Majalisar Dokokin Indiya, saboda manufarta ta kasance daidai da koyarwar Islama. Ya roki Musulmai kada su shiga kungiyar All India Muslim League mai rabuwa, wanda ya kira munafunci. Littafin ya jaddada cewa kasancewa da Indiya tare zai ba Musulmai damar haskaka wadanda ba Musulmai ba da abin da suka gani a matsayin bangaskiya ta gaskiya.

## Tasiri
Ra'ayoyin da aka gabatar a cikin Ƙasashen Ƙasa da Islama sun sami goyon baya daga ƙungiyar Deobandi, wanda "mafi girma shine Indiya mai zaman kanta inda za su iya yin Islama ba tare da tsoro ko cikas ba".

Madani ya yi tafiya a fadin Indiya ta Burtaniya yana yada ra'ayin kishin kasa, wanda ya yi adawa da manufar rabuwa da Indiya. Yayinda yake yin haka, mambobin kungiyar Musulmi masu rabuwa sun yi ƙoƙari su tsoratar da Madani kuma su dame tarurrukansa. Ra'ayin kishin kasa duk da haka yana da tasiri a tsakanin Musulmai da ke zaune a Indiya ta Burtaniya, tare da mafi yawansu suna zaune a Indiya bayan rabuwa, maimakon ƙaura zuwa yankunan da suka rabu don zama Pakistan.

## Dubi kuma

* Tattaunawar Madani-Iqbal
* Taron Musulmi na Azad na Indiya
* Haɗin Hindu da Musulmi

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Yadu da kuma Musulunci''Ƙaddamar da Ƙasashen Musulunci''
* Kasuwanci, ISLAM da HUSAIN AHMAD MADANI
Stan Bitters

**Stan Bitters** wani ɗan ƙasar Amurka ne mai sassaka kayan yumbu wanda aikinsa ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara motsin zamani na halitta a shekarun 1960.  Ayyukansa sun sami karɓuwa a ƙasashen duniya kuma suna da matuƙar muhimmanci a cikin nunin zane da fasaha na zamani da yawa, kuma an nuna su a cikin jerin zane mai daraja na California Design da kuma Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha da Al'adu a matsayin wani ɓangare na Pacific Standard Time: Art in LA 1945–1980.

Aikinsa a fannin yumbu ya ɗauki shekaru sittin. Manyan ayyukansa sun haɗa da zane-zanen bango na yumbu, sassaka, maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, da hanyoyin lambu. An nuna waɗannan kayan aikin a cikin wallafe-wallafen ƙira da yawa, kuma har yanzu ana iya samun su a wuraren jama'a, bankuna, otal-otal, makarantu, majami'u, wuraren masana'antu, da gidaje masu zaman kansu. Tasirinsa yana nan a cikin gine-ginen California tun daga shekarun 1960. [1]

Bitters ya sami digirinsa na farko a fannin zane-zane daga Jami'ar California Los Angeles a shekarar 1959. Ya kuma halarci Kwalejin Fasaha da Zane ta Otis da ke Los Angeles inda ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin Peter Voulkos . A shekarar 1959 ya je aiki da Hans Sumpf, wani kamfanin kera tubalin adobe a Madera, California wanda ya inganta tsarin kera tubalin adobe mai laushi. Bitters shi ne mai zane na kamfanin da aka ɗauke shi aiki don ƙirƙirar tukwane da sauran fasahar yumbu. A lokacin da yake Hans Sumpf, Bitters ya ƙirƙiri zane-zanen gine-gine, tayal, gidajen tsuntsaye, masu shuka da abubuwan sassaka - ƙira waɗanda za su sa ya sami karɓuwa daga baya a matsayin wanda ya fara harkar fasahar zamani ta halittu. Ya bar kamfanin a shekarar 1965.

## Manazarta
Michail Stasinopoulos

**Michail Stasinopoulos** (Greek; 27 ga Yulin 1903 - 31 ga Oktoba 2002) ya kasance lauya ne kuma ɗan siyasa na Girka wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Girka daga 18 ga Disamba 1974 zuwa 19 ga Yulin 1975. Wani memba na Sabon Dimokuradiyya, shi ne mai rike da mukamin farko a karkashin Jamhuriyar Helenanci ta Uku. 

## Tarihin rayuwa
Ya yi karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Kasa da Kapodistrian ta Athens kuma an ba shi Ph.D. a shari'aa a 1934. A shekara ta 1937 an nada shi farfesa a fannin Shari'ar Gudanarwa a Jami'ar Athens kuma a shekara ta 1943 ya zama farfesa a Jami'an Panteion, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban daga 1951 zuwa 1958.

Daga 1951 zuwa 1953, ya kasance Shugaban Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Hellenic . A shekara ta 1952 ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan wucin gadi a Ofishin Firayim Minista da Ministan Kwadago a gwamnatin wucinayon Dimitrios Kiousopoulos kuma a shekara ta 1958 ya kasance Ministan Shugaban kasa a gwamnatin wutan Konstantinos Georgakopoulos . A shekara ta 1959, an yarda da shi a cikin Majalisar Jiha, bayan ya zo na farko a jarrabawar shiga, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban wannan kungiya tsakanin 1966 da 1969.

A cikin zaben majalisar dokokin Girka na 1974, Stasinopoulos ya zama memba na majalisar a cikin tikitin jam'iyyar New Democracy. Lokacin da raba gardama (8 Disamba 1974) ya kafa Girka a matsayin Jamhuriyar, an zabi Stasinopoulos a matsayin Shugaban Jamhuriwar da rinjaye a Majalisar dokokin Helenanci. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban kasa daga 18 ga Disamba 1974 har zuwa 19 ga Yuli 1975, wato, har zuwa kammala sabbin cibiyoyin siyasa ta hanyar sake fasalin majalisa ta hanyar gabatar da sabon Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Girka. Michail Stasinopoulos ya mutu a ranar 31 ga Oktoba 2002, yana da shekaru 99.

## Rubuce-rubuce
Stasinopoulos marubuci ne mai yawa. Ayyukansa na wallafe-wallafen sun fara bayyana a cikin mujallar "The Muse" (1920-1923). Ya wallafa labarai da yawa na kimiyya da ayyukan wallafe-wallafen, da kuma fassarorin waƙoƙin Faransanci da rubutu. A shekara ta 1968 an zabe shi zuwa Kwalejin Athens a matsayin cikakken memba kuma a cikin 1969 da 1970 Shugaban Majalisar Dokokin Faransa, René Cassin, ya gabatar da shi a matsayin dan takarar Kyautar Nobel ta Zaman Lafiya. 

## Manazarta
Athanasios Tsakalov

**Athanasios Tsakalov** (Girkanci; 1790-1851) memba ne na Filiki Eteria ("Friendly Company"), ko ("Society of Friends") ƙungiyar kishin ƙasa ta Girka da ke adawa da Mulkin Ottoman . 

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Tsakalov a shekara ta 1790 [1] a Ioannina, Girka ta yau (Daular Ottoman a lokacin). Yayinda yake ƙarami, ya bar Girka ya kasance tare da mahaifinsa a Rasha. Ya yi karatun kimiyyar lissafi a birnin Paris, inda ya kafa Hellenoglosso Xenodocheio, wata kungiya ta sirri da ke tallafawa ra'ayin wata jiha mai zaman kanta ta Girka.[2] Da ya dawo Rasha a Odessa, ya saba da Nikolaos Skoufas da Emmanuil Xanthos . Mutanen uku sun ci gaba a 1814 a Odessa zuwa kafa Filiki Eteria, ƙungiyar sirri don shirya ƙasa don 'yancin Girka.[3] A cikin 1818, abokan hulɗa uku sun koma Constantinople don ci gaba da manufar su. A can a watan Yuli, Skoufas ya yi rashin lafiya kuma ya mutu ya bar Tsakalov a matsayin daya daga cikin shugabannin biyu na kungiyar. Tsakalov ya sadaukar da kansa ga Yakin Independence na Girka wanda ya fara a 1821. A lokacin yakin Tsakalov ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin tutar ga Alexander Ypsilantis, shugaban Filiki Eteria daga baya.

## Mutuwa
Ya mutu a shekara ta 1851 a Moscow.

## Manazarta
Stavros Kostopoulos

**Stavros Kostopoulos** (Girkanci: , 14 Satumba 1900 - 23 Yuni 1968)  ya kasance ɗan bankin Girka kuma ɗan siyasa.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife shi a Kalamata kuma shi dan banki ne Ioannis Kostopoulos . Ya halarci Gymnasium na farko a Kalamata . Ya yi karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Athens da Kimiyya ta Siyasa a Jami'an Paris, inda ya sami digiri na biyu. Ya yi hulɗa da masana'antar banki, inda iyalin suka riga sun haɓaka muhimmiyar aiki.

Ya kasance memba (1937-1951) kuma Shugaban (1951-1953) na kwamitin Bankin Kudin Kasuwanci. A shekara ta 1951, ya ɗauki shugabancin Babban Bankin Girka, matsayin da ya rike har zuwa 1953, lokacin da Kostis Iliaskos ya maye gurbinsa saboda rashin jituwa game da haɗakar Bankin Athens da Bankin Kasa.

## Ayyukan siyasa
A shekara ta 1928, an zabe shi a karo na farko a matsayin memba na majalisa (MP) wanda ke wakiltar Messenia kuma an sake zabarsa a zabuka da yawa har zuwa 1936. A cikin zaben 1946, an sake zabarsa don Jam'iyyar Liberal, inda ya samu kuri'u 2,491. Gabaɗaya, an zabe shi sau goma sha ɗaya a matsayin MP. Da yake ya riga ya shiga rikici tare da Andreas Papandreou, a lokacin Iouliana na 1965, ya kasance daga cikin mambobi na farko na Cibiyar Tarayyar da suka bar jam'iyyar kuma ya zama Ministan Tsaro na Kasa a gwamnatin Georgios Athanasiadis-Novas.

Ya kuma kasance Ministan Kudi a cikin gwamnatocin Sophoklis Venizelos (Agusta, Satumba & Nuwamba 1950), Ministan Tattalin Arziki na Kasa (1932 & 1947) a cikin gwamnatancin Eleftherios Venizelos da Dimitrios Maximos, Ministan Harkokin Waje (1964-1965) a cikin gwamnatin Georgios Papandreou, Ministan Rarraba a cikin gwamnatin Sofoklis Venizeles, Ministan Tsaro (1950) kuma Ministan Tsochulis na Tsoch

## Manazarta
Benjamin na Kalamata

**Benjamin na Kalamata** ya kasance Shugaba majalisa na dogon lokaci na Principality of Achaea a cikin Frankish Girka daga 1297 har zuwa akalla 1324.

Benjamin ya fara bayyana a shekara ta 1297, lokacin da, bayan mutuwar Yarima na Achaea, Florent na Hainaut, gwauruwa, Princess Isabella na Villehardouin ta janye zuwa Kalamata_Castle" id="mwDA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kalamata Castle">Gidan sarauta na Kalamata. Don gudanar da Principality, Isabella ta nada Richard Orsini ya yi mulki a madadin ta a matsayin *baili* kuma ya kira Benjamin, wanda ya kasance *protovestiarios* na Principality - ofishin da ya yi daidai da mai kula da Yamma kuma ya caje shi da kiyaye jerin masu riƙe da fief  - a matsayin sabon Shugaba majalisa. Benjamin ya gaji wani Girkanci mai suna Vasilopoulos a matsayin *protovestiarios* .  A cikin 1300, Nicholas III na Saint Omer ya maye gurbin Richard Orsini a matsayin *baili*, bisa ga shawarar Benjamin. Marshal na gado na Principality kuma daya daga cikin manyan barons, Nicholas kuma babban aboki ne na Benjamin. Wannan ya fara wani lokaci na kishi tsakanin Richard da Benjamin.

A cikin 1301, Gimbiya Isabella ta auri mijinta na uku, Philip na Savoy . Sabon Yarima da sauri ya sa kansa ba a yarda da shi ba a Akaya ta hanyar girman kai, halaye na zalunci, da rashin kula da al'adun mulkin mallaka.[1] Nan da nan bayan isowarsa, yana aiki bisa ga shawarar wani mai goyon bayan Richard Orsini, Philip ya kama Benjamin a kan zargin cin amana kuma ya ɗaure shi a Andravida. Nicholas na Saint Omer nan da nan ya fuskanci sabon yarima a Glarentza kuma ya nuna rashin amincewa da wannan aikin; an kauce wa tashin hankali ta hanyar shiga tsakani na Isabella da masu ba da shawara ga Philip. An saki Benjamin bayan biyan 20,000 hyperpyra, kuma an karɓa a musayar mallakar wani fief a Perachora kusa da Koranti. [1][1] Duk da wannan mummunan farawa, Benjamin duk da haka da sauri ya sami nasarar samun amincewar Philip da girmamawa; bisa ga shawararsa, Yarima yanzu ya tilasta Richard Orsini ya sayi wani yanki don wannan adadin na 20,000 hyperpyra, wanda, saboda mutuwarsa da mutuwar magajinsa kawai ba da daɗewa ba, ya koma ga harajin Achaean.[1]

A shekara ta 1304 ya kasance daya daga cikin shaidu a auren ɗan Richard Orsini kuma magaji, John I Orsini, da Maria Komnene Doukaina .  A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1320, Benjamin ya zama ɗan ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Venice, kuma a watan Yunin shekara mai zuwa, yana daga cikin manyan mutanen Achaean waɗanda suka aika da wasika ga Doge na Venice suna ba da izinin ba shi Principality. Har yanzu yana rike da mukamin shugaban kasa A watan Yuni lokacin da aka aika da wasika daga Yarima Philip na Taranto ga manyan mutanen Achaean da manyan mutane.

## Manazarta
Crucita Calabaza

**Crucita Gonzales Calabaza**  (Disamba 27, 1921 - Mayu 3, 1999), wanda aka fi sani da **Blue Corn**, ta kasance mai fasaha kuma mai tukwane ' yar asalin Amurka daga San Ildefonso Pueblo, New Mexico, a Amurka . Ta shahara wajen farfaɗo da kayayyakin San Ildefonso polychrome kuma ta yi aiki mai tsawo da amfani.   

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi **Crucita Gonzales** a ranar 27 ga Disamba, 1921, a San Ildefonso Pueblo  a gundumar Santa Fe, New Mexico . Sunanta na farko ana rubuta shi da *Gonzalez* . Kakarta ta fara gabatar da ita ga yin tukwane tun tana 'yar shekara uku. 'Yar'uwar Maria Martinez ta ba ta suna Blue Corn a lokacin bikin sanya wa mutane suna. Calabaza ta koyi al'adar tukwane baki-baki daga Martinez. 

Blue Corn ta yi makaranta a makarantar pueblo a lokacin ƙuruciyarta. Daga nan ta tafi Makarantar Indiya ta Santa Fe, wacce take da nisan mil 24 (39). km) daga gida. Yayin da take makaranta a Santa Fe, mahaifiyarta da mahaifinta sun mutu, kuma an tura ta ta zauna tare da 'yan uwanta a kudancin California inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai hidima na ɗan lokaci a Beverly Hills . [1]

Tana da shekaru 20, ta auri Santiago "Sandy" Calabaza, wani maƙerin azurfa daga Kewa Pueblo . Tare suka zauna a San Ildefonso, inda ta haifi yara 10 kuma ta renon su. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, Blue Corn ta yi aiki a matsayin mai tsaftace gida a Los Alamos ga masanin kimiyyar lissafi, J. Robert Oppenheimer . 

## Manazarta
Syd Carpenter

**Syd Carpenter** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1953) ƙwararriyar mai fasaha ce 'yar Afirka Ba'amurke kuma farfesa mai ritaya a fannin zane-zane. An san ta da aikinta na zane-zane na yumbu da sassaka, wanda ke bincika noma da aikin lambu na Ba'amurke Ba'amurke.    Ta sami tallafin karatu da yawa, ciki har da Pew Fellowship da NEA Fellowship, kuma aikinta a halin yanzu yana cikin tarin Smithsonian American Art Museum da kuma tarin Philadelphia Museum of Art .  

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Carpenter a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania a shekarar 1953.  Ta sami digirinta na farko a fannin zane-zane a shekarar 1974 da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin zane-zane a shekarar 1976 daga Tyler School of Art and Architecture .   

## Sana'a
A shekarar 1991, Carpenter ta fara koyarwa a Kwalejin Swarthmore a matsayin Farfesa a fannin Fasahar Studio, inda za ta koyar har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a kaka ta 2022, wanda hakan ya sa kwalejin ta daina bayar da darussan yumbu.   A Swarthmore, an nada ta a matsayin Farfesa a fannin Nazarin Bakaken Fata na Peggy Chan a watan Janairun 2021.   A shekarar 1992, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Pew Fellowship in the Arts . 

A shekarar 2014, nunin Carpenter mai suna "Syd Carpenter: More Places of Our Own" yana ɗaya daga cikin nunin abubuwa biyu da Gidan Tarihi na Baƙar fata na Amurka da ke Philadelphia ya samu kyautar dala 50,000 daga Gidauniyar Knight don ingantawa. [undefined] [undefined] A shekarar 2021, Carpenter da mai zane Steve Donegan, sun tsara kuma suka gina " manyan tuddai" a Gidan Tarihi na Woodmere a matsayin kayan fasaha na muhalli. [undefined] Daga Janairu zuwa Mayu 2022, nunin ta na Duniya Tayin: Girmama Masu Lambu, wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi daga gadon manoman baƙar fata, an nuna shi a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Jami'ar Rowan . [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] A watan Mayu 2022, an haɗa aikinta, Mary Lou Furcron , a cikin nunin Gidan Tarihi na Smithsonian American Art Museum, "This Present Moment: Crafting a Better World." [6] A watan Nuwamba 2022, an sanya wa Carpenter suna ɗaya daga cikin Anonymous Was a Woman (AWAW) Wadanda suka sami kyautar 2022, sun sami dala 25,000. [7] A ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2022, Carptenter ya fito a cikin shirin gaskiya mai lambar yabo, Craft in America "Home," tare da mawakan Biskakone Greg Johnson, Wharton Esherick, da Sim Van der Ryn . [8]

## Manazarta
Sia Anagnostopoulou

**Athanasia "Sia" Anagnostopoulou** (Girkanci:  Αναγνωστοπούλου; an haife shi a watan Maris na shekara ta 1959 ) ɗan siyasan Girka ne kuma masanin kimiyya wanda ya kasance Mataimakin Ministan Harkokin Waje a cikin Ma'aikatar Biyu ta Alexis Tsipras . hagu 18 ga Yuli zuwa 28 ga Agusta 2015, ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Ministan Harkokin Turai a cikin Ma'aikatar farko ta Alexis Tsipras .

Anagnostopoulou mataimakiyar farfesa ce a fannin tarihi a Jami'ar Panteion (tun daga shekara ta 2004), kuma ta kasance farfesa mai ziyara a Jami'an New York, Jami'ar Cyprus da Makarantar Nazarin Ci gaba a Kimiyya ta Jama'a.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Anagnostopoulou a Patras a shekara ta 1959.  Ta halarci Lyceum na 4 na Patras kafin ta koma Athens.

Anagnostopoulou ya yi karatu a Sashen Nazarin Byzantine da Girkanci na zamani, na Faculty of Philosophy a Jami'ar Athens.  Ta ci gaba da karatunta a birnin Paris, inda ta sami digiri biyu. Da farko, digiri a cikin Harshen Turkiyya da al'adu daga Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (INALCO), kuma na biyu DEA a *Tarihi da wayewa* daga Jami'ar Pantheon-Sorbonne.

Ta kammala digirinta na PhD a tarihi a Makarantar Nazarin Ci gaba a Kimiyya ta Jama'a (EHESS) a 1993.

## Ayyukan ilimi

Anagnostopoulou ta koyar da shekaru tara, daga 1995 zuwa 2004, a Sashen Nazarin Turkiyya da Gabas ta Tsakiya na Jami'ar Cyprus, kuma tun daga shekara ta 2004 ta koyar a Sashen Kimiyya da Tarihi na Siyasa na Jami'an Panteion. A halin yanzu ita ce farfesa a fannin tarihi a Panteion . 

Ta koyar a matsayin farfesa mai ziyara a jami'o'i da yawa a Turai da Amurka, kuma ta wallafa da yawa.[1] Ta kasance farfesa mai ziyara a Jami'ar New York a shekara ta 2000, a Jami'an Cyprus daga shekara ta 2008 zuwa shekara ta 2009, kuma a Makarantar Nazarin Ci gaba a Kimiyya ta Jama'a a shekara ta 2011. [2] Babban sha'awar bincikenta shine kishin kasa a Girka, Turkiyya da Cyprus, da mulkin mallaka a Cyprus.[3]

## Manazarta
Susan Budge

**Susan Budge** (an haife ta a shekarar 1959) ƙwararriyar mai sassaka ce ta Amurka wacce aka haifa a Midland, Texas . Ta sami digiri na BFA a fannin tukwane daga Jami'ar Fasaha ta Texas a shekarar 1983, digiri na MA daga Jami'ar Houston a shekarar 1987, da digiri na MFA daga Jami'ar Texas da ke San Antonio a shekarar 1999. Ta koyar a Kwalejin San Jacinto da ke Houston, Kwalejin San Antonio, da Jami'ar Texas da ke San Antonio, inda ta zama cikakkiyar farfesa kuma Shugabar Fasaha ta Yumbu. 
## 
## Heading text
 ==
Budge ta fi shahara saboda manyan sassakanta da kuma zane-zanen Eye Spy waɗanda ba su da tsari kuma galibi suna da tsari ɗaya, sai dai kasancewar idon ɗan adam na gaske. Gane aikinta ya ƙaru a lokacin da take San Antonio lokacin da birnin ya ba ta izinin ƙirƙirar manyan sassaka guda uku , Anaqua, Quercus, da Acequia, da tayal ɗin yumbu guda arba'in don Brackenridge Park. Eye Spy Eros daga 2010, a cikin tarin Gidan Tarihi na Honolulu, misali ne kuma yana nuna yadda ido zai iya yin siffar da ba ta da tsari mai kama da ta ɗan adam. Gidan Tarihi na Daum na Fasaha na Zamani (Sedalia, Missouri), Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Fuller, Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Honolulu, Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na New Orleans, Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Jami'ar Arizona ta Arewa (Flagstaff, Arizona), Gidan Tarihi na Fine Arts na San Angelo (San Angelo, Texas), Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na San Antonio, Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Kudancin Texas (Corpus Christi), da Cibiyar Smithsonian suna cikin tarin jama'a da ke riƙe da ayyukan Susan Budge . [1]

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Shafin yanar gizon mai zane
Lidya Buzio

## Heading text
*Lidya Buzio*' (1948 - Satumba 30, 2014) ƙwararriyar mai yin tukwane, kuma mai sassaka, ' yar ƙasar Uruguay ce, kuma an haife ta a matsayin mai yin tukwane.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Lidya Buzio a shekarar 1948, a Montevideo, Uruguay.  Mahaifinta ya fito ne daga zuriyar masu sana'ar hannu na Italiya. 

Buzio ta yi karatu tare da masu fasaha na Taller Torres-Garcia a Montevideo, ciki har da José Montes, José Collell, da Guillermo Fernandez. [1] Ta koma birnin New York a shekarar 1971; a shekarun 1990 ta sake komawa, zuwa North Fork na Long Island . [2] Ta ƙera tukwane baƙi masu ƙyalli waɗanda za ta zana hotunan rufin gidaje na New York. [3]

Buzio ta mutu sakamakon cutar kansa a gidanta da ke Greenport, Long Island, tana da shekaru 65 kuma mijinta, 'yar uwarta da 'yan'uwanta biyu sun tsira daga cutar. 

Misalan ayyukan Buzio suna cikin tarin Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Amurka na Smithson ;  Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Jami'ar Jihar Arizona ; Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Berkeley ; Gidan Tarihi na Brooklyn ; Gidan Tarihi na Everson ; Tarin Fasaha na Hallmark ; Kwalejin Fasaha ta Honolulu ; Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Long Beach ; Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Gundumar Los Angeles ; Gidan Tarihi na Tunawa da MH de Young ; Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Fine, Houston ; Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Taipei ; Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Taiwan na Ƙasa ; Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi na Ƙasa ; Gidan Tarihi na Nelson-Atkins ; Gidan Tarihi na Nerman na Fasaha na Zamani ; Gidan Tarihi na Racine ; Gidan Tarihi na Makarantar Zane ta Rhode Island ; Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Spencer ; Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Jami'ar Iowa ; da Gidan Tarihi na Victoria da Albert . 

## Manazarta
Christina Alexopoulou

Christina Alexopoulou (Girkanci; an haife ta 9 ga Oktoba 1978 a Thessaloniki) 'yar siyasa ce ta Girka wacce ke wakiltar Akaya a Majalisar dokokin Helenanci . Ita ce mataimakiyar minista a Ma'aikatar Infrastructure da Transport . [1]

## Manazarta
Filippos Sachinidis

**Filippos Sachinidis** (Girkanci; an haife shi a shekara ta 1963) ɗan siyasan Girka ne na ƙungiyar Movement for Change . An zabe shi a cikin jerin tsohuwar jam'iyyarsa ta PASOK, ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na majalisar dokokin Hellenic daga 2007 zuwa 2014. A shekara ta 2012, ya yi aiki a takaice a matsayin Ministan Kudi a cikin Ma'aikatar hadin gwiwa ta Lucas Papademos .

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haife shi a Kanada ga iyayen kabilun Girka a 1963, Sachinidis ya girma a Larisa . Ya yi karatun Tattalin Arziki a Jami'ar Piraeus kuma ya sami Jagoran Fasaha a Tattalin Ruwa daga Kwalejin Birnin New York . A shekara ta 1994, ya sami Ph.D. daga Jami'ar Manchester a Ingila. 

## Ayyuka
Sachinidis masanin tattalin arziki ne na Babban Bankin Girka kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan tattalin arziki ga Firayim Ministan Girka Costas Simitis daga 2000 zuwa 2004. A shekara ta 2007, an zabi Sachinidis a cikin jerin sunayen Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) don wakiltar mazabar Larissa a majalisar dokokin Hellenic. An sake zabarsa a shekarar 2009 kuma sau biyu a shekarar 2012.

Bayan nasarar da PASOK ta samu a zaben kasa na shekara ta 2009, an sanya shi Mataimakin Ministan Kudi a karkashin George Papaconstantnou . A ranar 17 ga Yuni 2011, an nada Sachinidis a matsayin Mataimakin Ministan Kudi a karkashin Evangelos Venizelos . Lokacin da Venizelos ya yi murabus a ranar 21 ga Maris 2012, Sachinidis ya zama Ministan Kudi a karkashin Firayim Minista Lucas Papademos, yana aiki har zuwa 17 ga Mayu, 2012. 

A ranar 3 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2015, an ba da sanarwar cewa Sachinidis zai shiga tsohon Firayim Minista Papandreou wajen barin PASOK don kafa sabuwar Movement of Democratic Socialists. An nada Sachinidis da George Petalotis a matsayin wakilan kafofin watsa labarai na sabuwar jam'iyyar.

Sachinidis memba ne na Movement for Change tun lokacin da aka kafa shi.

## Manazarta
Maria Spyraki

**Maria Spyraki** (Girkanci: ; an haife ta 11 Satumba 1965) 'yar jaridar Girka ce, 'ɗan siyasa, kuma memba ne na Majalisar Tarayyar Turai (MEP) don Sabon Dimokuradiyya .

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Maria Spyraki a Larissa a shekarar 1965. Ta yi karatun ilmin sunadarai a Jami'ar Aristotle ta Thessaloniki sannan kuma a Makarantar Jarida ta London .

## Ayyukan siyasa
A cikin Zaben Majalisar Tarayyar Turai na 2014, an zabi Spyraki a matsayin daya daga cikin 'yan majalisa biyar a jerin Nea Dimokratia; an zabe ta da farko a cikin tsari tare da kuri'u 248,350. Tana da alaƙa da ƙungiyar 'yan majalisa ta Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Turai (EPP) kuma memba ne na Kwamitin Ci gaban Yankin kuma memba ne da Wakilin zuwa Kwamitin Majalisar Tarayyar Turai-Tsohon Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia . [1]

A ranar 31 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014, gabanin zaben majalisar dokokin Girka, an nada Spyraki a matsayin mai magana da yawun Nea Dimokratia.  Bayan zaben duk da haka Kostas Karagounis ya maye gurbin ta don komawa aikinta a Majalisar Tarayyar Turai.

Baya ga ayyukan kwamitin ta, Spyraki na daga cikin kungiyar Tarayyar Turai kan Tekuna, Koguna, Tsibirin da Yankunan Tekun  da kuma kungiyar MEPs kan Ciwon daji. 

## Manazarta
Nancy Carman

An haife ta a Tucson, Carman kuma ta kasance mai himma a San Francisco a lokacin aikinta. [1] Ta sami digirinta na farko daga Jami'ar California, Davis a 1972, sannan ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin zane-zane daga Jami'ar Washington a 1976; [2] ta kuma yi karatu a Cibiyar Fasaha ta San Francisco . [1] Ayyukanta, waɗanda galibi suna da alaƙa da yanayi, gabaɗaya tarihin rayuwarta ne. [2] Ta sami Tallafin Masu Sana'a na Mutum ɗaya daga Asusun Kasa don Fasaha a 1979, kuma an wakilta ta a cikin tarin Renwick Gallery na Gidan Tarihin Fasaha na Smithsonian na Amurka . [1]

## Manazarta
Christos Papoutsis

**Christos Papoutsis** (Girkanci; an haife shi a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, 1953) ɗan siyasan gurguzu ne na Girka wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Kare Jama'a (2010-12), Ministan Ruwa na Kasuwanci (2000-01) memba na Majalisar Tarayyar Turai (1984-95) da Kwamishinan Turai na Makamashi da Hukumar Sayar da Euratom, Ƙananan kasuwanci da Yawon Bude Ido (1995-1999).  Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Sakataren Kungiyar Majalisar Dokoki da Kakakin Majalisar Dokoki na Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK), jam'iyyar da ta fi rinjaye a Girka (2009-2010). Ya kuma kasance dan takarar magajin garin Athens (2002).

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haife shi a Larissa, Girka, a 1953 kuma daga baya ya koma Athens inda ya yi karatun Tattalin Arziki a Jami'ar Kasa da Kapodistrian .  Bayan shekarunsa na jami'a ya zama mai aiki a siyasa a cikin Jam'iyyar Democrat Movement a kan gwamnatin soja ta Girka - mulkin kama karya- na 1967-1974.

## Ayyukan siyasa
A ranar 12 ga Yuli, 2013, an nada shi a matsayin wakilin Girka a Bankin Duniya.

### 2010-2012 Ministan Kare Jama'a
Ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Kare Jama'a wanda ke da alhakin tsaron kasa na kasar, tare da gwamnatin PASOK da ke aiki a karkashin Firayim Minista George Papandreou (2010-2011), kuma a cikin gwamnatin hadin gwiwa a karkashin Firim Minista Lucas Papademos (2011-2012). [1]

### 2000-2012 memba na majalisar dokokin Girka
memba na majalisar dokokin Girka na Athens (jam'iyyar PASOK) ta hanyar manyan zabubbuka huɗu (2000, 2004, 2007, 2009), bayan dawowarsa Girka bayan shekaru 16 na aiki a Cibiyoyin Turai. A wannan lokacin ya rike mukamai na: 

## Manazarta
Angela Kokkola

**Angela Kokkola** (Girkanci: Αγγέλα Κοκκόλα, 13 ga Yulin 1932 - 16 ga Disamba 2017) 'yar siyasa ce ta Girka ta Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK).

## Farkon rayuwa
An haife ta a Larissa, Kokkola 'yar Janar ne na Sojojin Girka. Ta yi aiki ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ga Hukumar Kula da Jama'a ta Duniya, da kuma Majalisar Girka.

A shekara ta 1964 ta zama sakatariyar Firayim Minista na gaba Andreas Papandreou, kuma a lokacin shekaru takwas na farko na Papandreou a matsayin Firayim Ministe (1981 zuwa 1989) an nada ta Darakta na Ofishin Firayim Ministan. A shekara ta 1993 Papandreou ta sake zama Firayim Minista, amma Kokkola ba ta koma matsayinta na baya ba. Maimakon haka, an zabe ta a matsayin memba na Majalisar Tarayyar Turai (MEP), tana aiki daga 1994 zuwa 1999.

## Manazarta
Marie Z. Chino

**Marie Zieu Chino** (1907–1982) matukin tukwane ne ɗan asalin Amurka daga Acoma Pueblo, New Mexico . Marie da abokanta Lucy M. Lewis da Jessie Garcia an san su a matsayin manyan matukin tukwane guda uku na Acoma a shekarun 1950. Tare da Juana Leno, an kira su "Mataimakan Huɗu" waɗanda suka "farfado da salon tukwane na Acoma na da."  An sami wahayi ga ƙira da yawa da aka yi amfani da su a kan tukwanensu a kan tsoffin tarkacen tukwane da aka tattara don amfani da su don fushi . Tare suka jagoranci farfaɗo da siffofin tukwane na da, gami da Mimbres, Tularosa da sauran al'adu daban-daban a yankin Anasazi . Wannan farfaɗowar ta yaɗu zuwa ga sauran matukin tukwane waɗanda suka yarda da tsoffin salo, wanda ya haifar da sabbin ƙira da bambance-bambancen salo da siffa.  

## Sana'a
A shekarar 1922, Marie ta lashe kyautarta ta farko a Kasuwar Indiya ta Santa Fe tana da shekaru goma sha biyar. Ta ci gaba da samun kyaututtuka da dama saboda tukwanenta daga 1970 zuwa 1982. A shekarar 1998, ƙungiyar Southwestern Association for Indian Arts ta amince da Marie da "Kyautar Nasara ta Rayuwa." 

Marie ta shahara musamman saboda tukwane da tukwane masu launin baƙi-fari tare da ƙirar matakai. Tukwanenta sun bambanta a cikin ƙirar siffofi masu rikitarwa da kuma haɗakar siffofin rayuwa da alamomin da ba a iya gani. Wasu daga cikin ƙirar da ta fi so sun haɗa da: Dabbobin Mimbres, Turawan Tularosa, Acoma parrots, bakan gizo, daji mai 'ya'yan itace, ganye, ruwan sama, gajimare, walƙiya da dusar ƙanƙara mai laushi.

Marie ita ce babbar magajin gidan Chino na masu tukwane. Ta taimaka wa 'ya'yanta da jikokinta su koyi fasahar yin tukwane mai kyau kuma tana da ɗalibai da yawa. Marie tana da 'ya'ya mata biyar waɗanda suka yi tukwane, "waɗanda Grace, Carrie da Rose suka sami suna a matsayin ƙwararrun masu tukwane."      Gidan Tarihi na Holmes na Anthropology yana riƙe da tukwane da 'yarta Vera Chino ta yi. 

## Manazarta
Adele Stimmel Chase

## Heading text
**Adele Stimmel Chase** (17 ga Oktoba, 1917 - 29 ga Disamba, 2000) wani mai fasaha ne ɗan Amurka wanda ya yi aiki a fannin yumbu, sassaka ƙarfe da zane.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Adele Stimmel a San Francisco a ranar 17 ga Oktoba, 1917. Ta zauna a yankin San Francisco Bay Area duk tsawon rayuwarta. Stimmel ta yi karatu a Makarantar Fasaha ta California kuma a shekarar 1938 ta kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar California, Berkeley . Ta kuma sami takardar shaidar koyarwa daga Jami'ar Stanford . A shekarar 1939, ta auri Julius Chase. [1] Ta sami digiri na biyu na Fasaha daga Kwalejin Fasaha da Sana'o'i ta California a shekarar 1961. Takardar karatunta mai taken "Nazari mai nuna bambanci game da ci gaban masana'antar yumbu a California da kuma alaƙarta da mai ginin tukwane a yankin San Francisco Bay". [2]

## Aikin fasaha
A kusan shekarar 1946, ta fara aiki da California Faience, tana samar da siffofi na yumbu. An tallata ayyukanta a faɗin ƙasar. A cewar Chase, ana sayar da kayayyakinta a manyan dillalai kamar Marshall Field's a Chicago da Garfinckel's a Washington, DC .  Ta kuma samar da tayal ɗin yumbu, kuma an kira ta da "kashin bayan al'ummar fasaha" a California Faience a cikin shekaru shida da ta yi a can. 

## Manazarta
Nicole Cherubini

**Nicole Cherubini** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1970, Boston, MA) 'yar Amurka ce mai zane-zane da sassaka, wacce ke aiki musamman a fannin kayan gini na yumbu . Tana zaune kuma tana aiki a New York. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Nicole Cherubini a Boston, Massachusetts, a shekarar 1970. Ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Zane ta Rhode Island a shekarar 1993 da digirin farko a fannin zane-zane, sannan ta ci gaba da karatunta a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Jami'ar New York, inda ta sami digirin digiri na biyu a fannin Fasaha ta gani a shekarar 1998. Cherubini ta halarci Makarantar Zane da Zane ta Skowhegan a shekarar 2002. 

## Aiki
Aikin Cherubini, wanda ya fi yin aiki a sassaka na yumbu da kuma kayan aikin kafofin watsa labarai iri-iri, ya yi tsokaci kan yumbu a matsayin harshe da aka danganta shi da labaran sana'a da kuma alaƙar al'adu da jinsi da aiki. 

A shekarar 2023, Tufts University Art Galleries, Somerville da Boston, sun nuna babban aikin Nicole Cherubini a matsayin wani ɓangare na *sake tunanin tarin*, wani baje kolin mutane huɗu wanda ya gayyaci masu fasaha su yi mu'amala da tarin fasahar jami'ar kuma su sake fassara ta a wani sabon haske. Sauran masu fasaha a cikin shirin sun haɗa da Ali Cherri, NIC Kay, da SANGREE. 

An haɗa ayyukan Cherubini a cikin littafin Every Sound Is a Shape of Time: Selections from the PAMM's Collection, wanda Pérez Art Museum Miami ta shirya a shekarar 2024. Nunin ya ƙunshi kusan shekaru talatin na ayyukan tattarawa, kuma yana sake ba da labarin tarihin gidan kayan tarihi ga masu sauraro na yanzu. [1] [2] Misali, Nicole Cherubini ta gudanar da wani wasan kwaikwayo na kaɗaici a PAMM a shekarar 2014, inda ta kafa kuma ta tsara ayyukanta na yumbu a kan wani aikin mata . [3]

## Manazarta
Aurore Chabot

**Aurore Chabot** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1949) wani ɗan ƙasar Amurka ne mai yin zane-zane, sassaka da aka jefa a ƙafa ta amfani da faranti da terracotta, da kuma zane-zanen tayal na yumbu. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Chabot a shekarar 1949 a Nashua, New Hampshire, kuma ta girma a Wilton, New Hampshire, a cikin babban iyali, inda take ƙarama. Chabot ta sami digirinta na farko a fannin zane-zane daga Cibiyar Pratt a shekarar 1971. Ta yi karatu tare da Regis Brodie a Kwalejin Skidmore a shekarar 1974, inda ta kammala karatunta na Raku. Daga nan ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin zane-zane daga Jami'ar Colorado a shekarar 1981.

## Sana'a
Ta fara aikinta na bayan kwaleji a matsayin mai gyaran yumbu a wani sitidiyo a Bowery, a birnin New York, wanda ta raba tare da Peggy DuPont. A shekarar 1974 ta sami tallafi daga Majalisar Jihar New York kan Fasaha, ɗaya daga cikin kyaututtuka da yawa da ta samu daga baya. Tallafin Majalisar kan Fasaha ya ba ta damar kafa ɗakin zane-zane a Broadalbin, NY. Ta ƙaura zuwa Broadalbin, NY tare da mijinta na lokacin, Douglas Kabat (1946-), wanda ta rabu da shi a shekara ta 1975 kuma ta sake shi a shekara ta 1978.

Ta koyar a Jami'ar Vermont, kuma tun daga shekarar 1988 ta kasance farfesa a Jami'ar Arizona,  inda ta jagoranci shirin yumbu.  Ta daɗe tana aiki a Majalisar Ilimi ta Ƙasa don Fasahar Yumbu, tana aiki a matsayin Darakta a Manyan daga 1999 zuwa 2001 da Daraktan Buga Littattafai daga 2001 zuwa 2004 kuma an naɗa ta a Kwamitin Zaɓe na Kaka 2012 da Bazara 2013.  Ta yi nasarar kammala manyan ayyukan fasaha na ƙasa guda biyu, kuma an gayyace ta zuwa shirye-shiryen fasaha da dama da suka ziyarta. Chabot ta sami lambar yabo ta Gwamna a 1990, kuma ta yi baje kolin fasaha sosai a lokacin aikinta, inda ta lashe kyaututtuka da dama  gami da wasu tallafi daga National Endowment for the Arts .  An nuna fasaharta a cikin nune-nunen ƙasa da na ƙasashen waje sama da ɗari, da kuma littattafai da mujallu daban-daban. 

## Manazarta
Paul Chaleff

**Paul Chaleff** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1947)  ƙwararren masani ne kan yumbu kuma farfesa a fannin Fasaha ta Fine a Jami'ar Hofstra .  Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wanda ya fara farfaɗo da yumbun da aka yi da itace a Amurka kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin na farko da ya yi amfani da murhun dodon da aka ƙona itace a cikin salon al'adar anagama . An fi saninsa a matsayin mai ƙirƙira manyan sassaka na yumbu. Ana iya samun aikinsa a cikin tarin Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha ta Zamani Sashen Gine-gine da Zane,  da kuma a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha ta Metropolitan .  

Aikin Paul Chaleff ya samu tasiri sosai daga ƙwararren mai ginin tukwane Takeshi Nakazato . A shekarar 1989, Chaleff ya fara haɗin gwiwa da mai sassaka Sir Anthony Caro . Tare suka ƙirƙiri kusan ayyuka 50, duka na alama da na zahiri. Sassaka Caro ya yi tasiri kai tsaye kan aikin Chaleff kamar yadda ya yi da sassaka na Isamu Noguchi, da kuma kayan yumbu na John Mason da Lucie Rie . [1] [2] An kuma san Chaleff a matsayin mai ƙirƙira sassaka na yumbu mai girma. [3] Ƙarfin ayyukansa ya samo asali ne daga kasancewarsu masu tsauri, masu nuna ƙarfi, masu rarrabuwa, da kuma marasa tsarki yayin da suke da kyau. [4]

## Ilimi
Chaleff ya halarci Makarantar Kimiyya ta Bronx a shekarar 1968. A shekarar 1968, yayin da yake karatun ilmin halittu a Kwalejin City ta New York, Chaleff ya tsira daga hatsarin nitsewa wanda ya kashe abokinsa. Ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1969 da digiri a fannin Fasaha . A shekarar 1971, Chaleff ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin Fasaha ta Zane-zanen Ceramic daga Kwalejin City ta New York.  A shekarar 1975 ya yi tafiya zuwa Japan don yin karatun tukwane na Japan da ƙirar murhu ta ƙona itace  sannan ya koma New York a shekarar 1977 inda ya gina ɗakin studio da murhu a Pine Plains .

## Manazarta
Beth Cavener Stichter

**Beth Cavener**, wacce aka fi sani da **Beth Cavener Stichter**, 'yar Amurka ce mai zane-zane da ke zaune a Montana . Mai sassaka mai horo a fannin gargajiya, aikinta ya ƙunshi gina kayan ƙarfe masu sarkakiya don tallafawa tarin yumbu. Cavener ta fi shahara da siffofin dabbobi masu ban mamaki, waɗanda ke nuna sarkakiyar motsin zuciyar ɗan adam da ɗabi'unsa.

Cavener ta yi magana kai tsaye game da batun da ke kawo cece-kuce kai tsaye kan sunan da ta zaɓa, yumbu. [1] Mai zane ta mayar da hankali kan sassaken ta kan ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, ba tare da la'akari da mahallin da kuma dalilai ba, kuma an bayyana shi ta hanyar siffofin dabbobi. Kamar yadda ta ce, "a saman, waɗannan siffofi kawai dabbobin daji ne da aka rataye a cikin wani lokaci na tashin hankali. A ƙarƙashin saman, suna nuna sakamakon tsoro, rashin kulawa, tashin hankali, da rashin fahimta na ɗan adam". [2] Tsarin aikinta yana da matuƙar amfani, wanda ya ƙunshi dubban fam na yumbu da aka sassaka ta amfani da dukkan jikinta. Ayyukanta sun sami kyaututtuka da yawa, kuma ana nuna su a cikin gidajen tarihi masu zaman kansu da gidajen tarihi na jama'a a duk faɗin Amurka.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Cavener a shekarar 1972 a Pasadena, California . Mahaifinta masanin ilmin halitta ne kuma ya zaburar da Cavener ya yi karatun kimiyya har zuwa jami'a. Tana aiki a dakin gwaje-gwajensa a lokacin bazara kuma ta ce tana da burin zama masanin kimiyya na ilimi. Mahaifiyarta, Nancy Jacobsohn, mai sassaka kuma malamar fasaha, ta koya wa Cavener yadda ake aiki da yumbu tun tana ƙarama kuma ta yi wasu zane-zane.  A lokacin yarintarta, Cavener da mahaifiyarta suna kula da dawaki biyu, ɗaya daga cikinsu an ceto shi lokacin da Cavener ke da shekaru 6 kacal  Cavener ta ci gaba da karatunta a fannin kimiyyar lissafi da ilmin taurari a Kwalejin Haverford da ke Pennsylvania. A shekararta ta 3, ta yi tafiya zuwa Florence, Italiya, inda ta halarci Kwalejin Fasaha ta Cecil. Bayan dawowarta, Cavener ta dakatar da karatunta a fannin ilmin taurari domin ta mai da hankali kan karanta Fasaha Mai Kyau. Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin Zane a 1995.

## Manazarta
Ernestine Cannon

**Ernestine Cannon** (1904-1969), wanda aka fi sani da **Ernestine Virden-Cannon**, ƙwararriyar mai yin yumbu ce kuma mai tsara kayan cin abinci wanda kasuwancinta, **Ernestine**, yana Italiya.  Cannon ta zauna a Salerno a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, inda a shekarar 1948 ta kafa kasuwancinta saboda talaucin bayan yaƙin da ta gani a can.  A shekarar 1949, an nuna kayan ƙasa da aka ƙera bisa ga ƙirar Cannon a wani bikin kasuwanci na Pittsburgh ta hannun wakilanta na musamman Fisher, Bruce & Co, wanda ya jawo hankali sosai ga aikinta kuma ya haifar da siyar da shi ta shagunan sassa kamar Neiman Marcus .  A shekarar 1951, an ba Cannon lambar yabo ta Neiman Marcus Fashion Award, saboda "zane-zanenta na ƙirƙira" sun "kawo sabuwar rayuwa ga masana'antar yumbu ta Italiya." 

Misalan tukwanen Cannon suna cikin Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Dallas . [1]

## Manazarta
Elaine Carhartt

**Elaine Carhartt** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1951) ƙwararriyar mai yin ceramiyar Amurka ce.

Carhartt 'yar asalin Grand Junction ce, Colorado,  wacce ta shafe tsawon lokacin aikinta a Pasadena, California .  Ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a Jami'ar Jihar Colorado da digiri na farko a fannin zane-zane a shekarar 1975, kuma ta koma California a shekara mai zuwa. Ta lashe kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da, a shekarar 1980, wanda ya ba ta sabbin baiwa da Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Gundumar Los Angeles ya bayar.  A fannin salo, ayyukan Carhartt sun samu tasiri daga kayan ado na gargajiya na Turkiyya da Portugal .  Baya ga sassaka masu tsayi  tana samar da zane-zanen tayal  da kuma zane-zane. 

Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Gundumar Los Angeles ya ƙaddamar da wani shirin baje kolin mai taken "Gallery Six" a shekarar 1981 tare da aikin Carhartt. Mai suka William Wilson ya rubuta cewa "[i]ts wissy ana aiwatar da shi da kulawa ta musamman ga yadda ake fassara kundin waƙoƙi da kuma yadda ake tsara launukan ice cream ɗinsa". [1] A cikin Jaridar Los Angeles Times, Suzanne Muchnic ta yi bitar wani baje kolin 1985 wanda ya haɗa da aikin Carhartt, tana rubuta cewa "zanen yumbu na Carhartt suna fitowa daga wani yanki da ba a sani ba inda masu wasan kwaikwayo na circus da halittun tatsuniyoyi ke zaune tare cikin gamsuwa a shiru." [2]

## Manazarta
Alam Gul Haqqani

**[[Mawlawi]] Alam Gul Haqqani** (Pashto) ɗan siyasan Taliban ne na Afghanistan wanda ke aiki a matsayin shugaban Sashen Fasfo na Afghanistan tun watan Satumbar 2021. 

## Manazarta
Sirat-un-Nabi

***Sirat-un-Nabi*** (Urdu: سیرت النبی) littafi ne na Urdu guda bakwai na Annabi Muhammadu wanda Shibli Nomani ya rubuta kuma ɗalibinsa Sulaiman Nadvi ya kammala shi. An yi la'akari da aikin Nomani na ƙarshe kuma mafi mahimmanci,  ya gabatar da rayuwar Annabi daga hangen nesa na falsafa da nazari, wanda ya haifar da wasu zargi daga malaman gargajiya. [2 ya fara aikin a 1903 kuma ya kafa ofishi a Lucknow a 1912 don kammala shi, tare da Nadvi yana taimakawa ta hanyar tattara kayan daga tushen Larabci. Nomani ya gama kundin biyu kawai kafin mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1914, bayan haka Nadvi ya buga su kuma ya rubuta sauran kundin biyar a cikin salon malaminsa.

## Littattafai biyu na farko
Shibli ne ya rubuta kundin farko na *Sirat-un-Nabi*. Volume na farko, wanda aka saki a watan Agustan 1918, ya ƙunshi shafuka 622 kuma yana mai da hankali kan rayuwar Annabi Muhammadu daga haihuwarsa har zuwa shekaru ashirin kafin annabcinsa. Volume na biyu, wanda aka buga a 1920 tare da sake dubawa da Nadvi ya yi, ya ƙunshi shafuka 439 kuma ya rufe shekaru uku na ƙarshe na rayuwar Annabi. Ya tattauna manyan abubuwan da suka faru kamar kafa mulkin Islama, yaduwar Islama a Arabiya, kammala dokar Islama, aikin hajji na Farewell, mutuwar Annabi, halayensa na kansa, ayyukan yau da kullun, halin kirki, da rayuwar iyali.

## Littattafai biyar na ƙarshe
Bayan mutuwar Shibli, Sulaiman Nadvi ya kammala sauran kundin biyar na *Sirat-un-Nabi*, yana ba da aikinsa na ƙarshe.

Volume na uku (1924, shafuka 868) yana magana ne game da mu'ujjizan Annabi Muhammadu da shaidun annabcinsa. Ya bayyana bambancin tsakanin mu'ujizai da sihiri, ta amfani da nassoshi daga Alkur'ani, hadisai na gaskiya, da malaman gargajiya. Nadvi ya kammala cewa Alkur'ani shine mu'ujiza mafi girma kuma mai dorewa na Annabi.

Volume na huɗu (1932, shafuka 888) ya tattauna yanayin da muhimmancin annabci, gami da bukatarsa, halaye, wahayi, da ilimin allahntaka. Har ila yau, yana nazarin ainihin imani na Islama kamar bangaskiya ga Allah, mala'iku, annabawa, littattafai masu tsarki, bayan rayuwa, da umarnin Allah.

Volume na biyar (1935, shafuka 255) yana mai da hankali kan bautar Islama, yana kwatanta manufar da nau'ikan bautar, gami da addu'a, azumi, zakat, aikin hajji, da jihadi. Har ila yau, yana nuna kyawawan halaye na ɗabi'a da na ruhaniya kamar gaskiya, ibada, da haƙuri.

Volume na shida (1938, shafuka 872) ya rufe ka'idojin Islama da halin kirki. Ya gabatar da Annabi Muhammadu a matsayin abin koyi na hali kuma ya tattauna halin kirki da mara kyau, ayyukan mutum, da halayyar zamantakewa.

Volume na bakwai (1955, wanda aka buga bayan mutuwar Nadvi) ya kasance ba a gama shi ba. An yi niyyar tattauna dokar Islama, shugabanci, da ka'idodin zamantakewa a ƙarƙashin sashin Mu'amalat (ma'amala da shari'a). Sashe da aka buga ya haɗa da gabatarwa da surori biyar game da ka'idodin siyasar Islama, mulki a lokacin Annabi, da kuma manufar ikon allahntaka.

## Nazarin

## Dubi kuma

* Littattafan Deobandi sirah

## Manazarta