Dahshur

**Dahshur** (a cikin Turanci sau da yawa ana kiransa *Dashur*) tsohon masallaci ne ta Masar da kuma necropolis kuma tana da sunan ƙauyen Manshiyyat Dahshur (Larabci: منشأة ده__hau__) a cikin Badrashin, Giza . 

Dahshur an jera shi a matsayin Gidan Tarihin Duniya na UNESCO, kuma yana kan tsaunin Yammacin Yamma a gefen filin noma, kuma tare da hadaddun dala a Saqqara, Abusir, da Giza, a arewacinsa, suna samar da filayen dala na tsohuwar babban birnin Memphis.  An san shi da yawa don pyramids, galibi Sneferu's Bent Pyramid da Red Pyramid, waɗanda suke daga cikin tsofaffi, mafi girma kuma mafi kyawun kiyayewa a Misira, waɗanda aka gina daga 2613 zuwa 2589 BC.

## Pyramids

Dahshur pyramids wani muhimmin kwarewa ne ga Masarawa. Ya ba su ilimi da fasaha don sauyawa daga pyramids na gefe zuwa pyramids masu santsi. Daga ƙarshe faɗin kwarewarsu zai ba su damar gina Babban Pyramid na Giza; na ƙarshe daga cikin abubuwan al'ajabi bakwai na Dā har yanzu suna tsaye har zuwa wannan kwanan wata.

Na farko daga cikin Dahshur pyramids shine Bent Pyramid (2613-2589 BC), wanda aka gina a ƙarƙashin mulkin Sarki Sneferu . Bent Pyramid shine ƙoƙari na farko na gina pyramid mai santsi, amma ya zama ginin da bai yi nasara ba saboda kuskuren da aka yi akan nauyin tsarin da ake sanyawa a ƙasa mai laushi (yashi, dutse, da yumɓu), wanda ke da halin raguwa. Sauran lissafin da aka tabbatar da cewa ba daidai ba ne sun kasance cewa an yanke tubalan da ake amfani da su ta hanyar da lokacin da aka sanya su a kan dala ba a rarraba nauyin su yadda ya kamata ba, wanda ya sa kusurwar dala ta fita kuma ta sami sunan "Bent Pyramid".&nbsp;

Da yake fahimtar gazawarsa da kuma koyo daga kuskuren da ya yi, Sarki Sneferu ya ba da umarnin gina dala ta biyu ta Dahshur, Red Pyramid. Da zarar an kammala, an dauki dala a matsayin nasara, saboda an gina shi sosai, mai santsi, da kuma dala mai tsaye wanda ya tashi zuwa tsawo na 341 feet (104 mita), tare da kusurwar digiri 43.  Sunan Red Pyramid ya samo asali ne daga kayan da aka yi amfani da su don gina pyramid, ja limestone. An yi imanin cewa wannan dala ita ce wurin hutawa na Sarki Sneferu.&nbsp;

Wani dala, White Pyramid, wanda ke cikin Dahshur shine na Daular 12th King Amenemhat II (1929-1895 BC). Wannan dala ba a kiyaye ta da sauran a cikin yankin ba saboda kayan da aka yi amfani da su don cika shi (yashi a waje da dutse a ciki). Yanayin ya sa yashi ya lalace daga gare ta, amma an dauki dutse da gangan don amfani da shi a kan wasu pyramids yana ba da damar dala ta rushe kuma a ƙarshe ya lalata kabarin Sarki Amenemhat IInbsp;.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Sarki Senusret III&nbsp; (1878-1839 BC) ya gina dala a cikin Dahshur. Bambanci tsakanin dala ta idan aka kwatanta da wadanda ke kewaye da ita shine cewa Sarki Senusret III yana da kaburbura da tashoshi da aka gina a ƙarƙashinsa don sarakuna biyu; Sit-Hathor da Merit . &nbsp;&nbsp;

Black Pyramid ya samo asali ne daga mulkin Amenemhat III na baya kuma, kodayake ya lalace sosai, ya kasance mafi kyawun abin tunawa a shafin bayan pyramids biyu na Sneferu. Pyramidion na dutse mai laushi ko babban dutse na Black Pyramid yana nunawa a babban zauren Gidan Tarihin Masar a Alkahira.&nbsp;

An gina wasu pyramids da yawa na Daular 13 a Dahshur. Sai kawai Pyramid na Ameny Qemau ne Ahmad Fakhri, masanin binciken kayan tarihi wanda ya tono wannan shafin ya tono.&nbsp;

## Kabari da makabarta
Da yake kusa da dala na Daular 12 an gano kaburbura da yawa na matan sarauta, dauke da adadi mai yawa na lapidary da kayan ado waɗanda aka ƙaddara su zama mafi girman matakin aikin ƙarfe a Misira a wannan lokacin. Gidan dala na Senusret III ya kasance wani ɓangare na babban hadaddun, tare da ƙananan pyramids na mata na sarauta, tare da wani pyramid a kudu. A cikin kabarin gallery kusa da wannan dala an sami dukiya biyu na 'ya'yan sarki (Sithathor). An sami makabarta masu yawa na jami'an Tsohon Masarauta da Masarautar Tsakiya a kusa da pyramids na Dahshur. Dahshur ita ce kabarin sarauta na Masar a lokacin mulkin sarki na 12 Amenemhat II .

## Tarihin zamani
A watan Yulin 2012, dukan al'ummar Kirista ta Dahshur, wanda wasu suka kiyasta ya kai iyalai 120, sun gudu zuwa garuruwan da ke kusa saboda tashin hankali na ɗarika. Rikicin ya fara ne a cikin jayayya game da rigar da ba ta da kyau, wanda hakan ya karu zuwa yaƙi inda Kirista ya ƙone wani dan kabilar Larabawa musulmi har ya mutu. Bugu da ƙari, a lokacin rikice-rikice wani Musulmi ya ji rauni a kai kuma daga baya ya mutu saboda an jefa bam din man fetur daga rufin gini. Akalla gidaje 16 da dukiyar Kiristoci an sace su, wasu an ƙone su, kuma an lalata coci a lokacin tashin hankali. An ruwaito wannan lamarin a duniya

Ya zuwa watan Janairun 2013, kuma saboda rashin tsaro da har yanzu ke ci gaba a Misira bayan Tashin hankali na 2011, shafin yana cikin barazanar lalata da lalacewa saboda mamayewar mazauna birane da ke kewaye da su.

## Yanayi
Dahshur yana da Yanayin hamada mai zafi (BWh) bisa ga Tsarin rarraba yanayi na Köppen-Geiger.

## Dubi kuma

* Necropolis na Memphite
* Jerin garuruwa da biranen Masar na dā
* Jerin wuraren Masar na dā, gami da wuraren temples
* Jerin wuraren megalithic
* Acanthus (Masar) , tsohuwar ƙauye a Dahshur da aka ambata a cikin wallafe-wallafen Girkanci na Dā.

## Manazarta