Ranar Kashewa ta Duniya

**Ranar Kashewa ta [[Duniya]]** (**EOD**) ita ce ranar kalandar da aka lissafa wacce amfani da albarkatun bil'adama na shekara ta wucewa ikon Duniya don sake farfado da waɗannan albarkatun a wannan shekarar. A cikin 2025, ya fadi a ranar 24 ga Yuli. Kalmar nan "overhoot" tana wakiltar matakin da yawan jama'a ke buƙata ya wuce adadin albarkatun halittu da aka sake sabuntawa a Duniya. Lokacin da aka kalli ta hanyar hangen nesa na tattalin arziki, Ranar Kashe Duniya ta shekara-shekara tana wakiltar ranar da aka kashe kasafin kuɗi sabuntawa na shekara-sheko na duniya, kuma bil'adama ya shiga cikin kasafin muhalli. Ranar Duniya ta Ƙididdige ta hanyar raba ƙarfin halittu na duniya (yawan albarkatun halitta da Duniya ta sake farfadowa a wannan shekarar), ta hanyar sawun muhalli na duniya (amfani da bil'adama na albarkatun kasa na wannan shekarar), da ninkawa da 365 (a cikin shekaru masu tsalle), yawan kwanaki a cikin shekara:

:  \frac{ \text{world biocapacity}}{\text{world ecological footprint}} \times 365 = \text{EOD}

Ranar Duniya ta Duniya ta lissafa ta hanyar Global Footprint Network kuma kamfen ne da wasu kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da yawa ke tallafawa. Bayani game da lissafin Global Footprint Network  da kuma National Ecological Footprints suna samuwa a kan layi.

## Tarihi
Andrew Simms na kungiyar tunani ta Burtaniya New Economics Foundation da farko ya kirkiro manufar Ranar Duniya. Cibiyar Nazarin Duniya, ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa ta New Economics Foundation, tana ƙaddamar da kamfen a kowace shekara don EOD don wayar da kan jama'a game da ƙarancin albarkatun duniya. Cibiyar Sadarwar Duniya tana auna bukatar bil'adama da samar da albarkatun kasa da ayyukan muhalli. Cibiyar Nazarin Duniya ta kiyasta don 2024 cewa a cikin kimanin watanni bakwai, bil'adama ta buƙaci fiye da yanayin halittu na duniya wanda zai iya sake farfadowa a cikin shekara. Bukatar ɗan adam ta haɗa da duk bukatun da ke gasa don ƙarfin sake farfadowa na farfajiyar duniya, kamar albarkatun sabuntawa, ƙwacewar CO2, da sararin birane.

A cewar Global Footprint Network, a cikin mafi yawan tarihi, bil'adama sun yi amfani da albarkatun yanayi don gina birane da hanyoyi, don samar da abinci da ƙirƙirar samfuran, da kuma fitar da carbon dioxide a cikin kuɗin da ya kasance cikin kasafin kudin Duniya. Amma a farkon shekarun 1970s, an ƙetare wannan ƙofar mai mahimmanci: Amfani da ɗan adam ya fara wuce abin da duniya za ta iya haifuwa. A cewar asusun su, bukatar bil'adama don albarkatun yanzu daidai yake da na fiye da 1.7 Duniya. Bayanan sun nuna mana a kan hanya don buƙatar albarkatun taurari biyu kafin tsakiyar karni na 21. Sun bayyana cewa farashin raguwar albarkatu yana zama bayyananne. Canjin yanayi - sakamakon iskar gas mai guba - shine mafi bayyane sakamakon da kuma yaduwar sakamako. Sauran tasirin biophysical sun hada da: sare daji, asarar jinsuna, Rushewar ƙasa, ko rushewar kamun kifi. Irin wannan rashin tsaro na albarkatun na iya haifar da damuwa ta tattalin arziki (kamar hauhawar farashin kuɗi) da rikici (kamar tashin hankali na farar hula). 

Cibiyar Sadarwar Duniya ta ci gaba da cewa asusun sawun muhalli suna nuna gibin tsakanin bukatar ɗan adam da sake farfadowa. A cewar su, bukatar yanzu ta wuce abin da duniya ke sabuntawa. Sun fahimci cewa za a iya inganta lissafin, kuma a kara ƙarin bayani, suna gaskata cewa a cikin aikace-aikacen da ake yi a yanzu ga ƙasashe asusun yawanci suna rage yawan bukatar ɗan adam kamar yadda ba a auna dukkan fannoni ba (akwai gibin a cikin bayanan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya). Har ila yau, suna da'awar wuce gona da iri saboda ba shi da tabbas don tantance yawan amfanin gona na yanzu ta hanyar rage amfanin gona a nan gaba (alal misali kamar yadda yake a cikin yanayin yawan amfani da ruwa, ko rushewa).  Mathis Wackernagel, wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban Cibiyar Nazarin Sawun Duniya, ya bayyana cewa za'a iya haɗa raguwar ƙasa a ƙasar amfanin gona a cikin asusun Sakamakon Muhalli da ke sanar da EOD, amma hakan zai "buƙaci bayanan da ba su wanzu a cikin bayanan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ba". Don haka, suna da'awar asusun sawun muhalli sune ma'auni waɗanda kawai ke bayyana ƙananan yanayi don dorewa, kuma tasirin ɗan adam a duniyar yana iya zama mafi girma fiye da sakamakon da asusun su suka bayyana.

## Tarihi
A cikin 2020 ranar da aka lissafa ta fadi a ranar 22 ga watan Agusta (fiye da makonni uku bayan 2019) saboda kulle-kulle da aka haifar da coronavirus a duniya. Shugaban Cibiyar Nazarin Duniya ya yi iƙirarin cewa annobar COVID-19 da kanta tana ɗaya daga cikin bayyanar "rashin daidaituwa na muhalli".

## Rashin amincewa
A cikin 2017, Cibiyar Ecomodernist Breakthrough ta watsar da ra'ayin Ranar Duniya ta hanyar kiranta "kyakkyawan tallace-tallace". Dangane da bayanan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, gandun daji da kamun kifi, gabaɗaya, suna sake farfadowa da sauri fiye da yadda aka ƙone su (amma yarda cewa "abin da ya rage na iya zama alamar bayanan kamun kifin UN mara kyau fiye da kifi mai lafiya"), yayin da amfanin gona da makiyaya ya yi daidai da abin da ke akwai. Saboda haka, EOD yana yin aiki mara kyau wajen auna ruwa da rashin kula da ƙasa (misali, Rushewar ƙasa) kuma kawai yana nuna Ruwan carbon dioxide da bil'adama ke fitarwa sama da abin da yanayin halittu zai iya sha. A wasu kalmomi, ƙarin adadin adadin Duniya da bil'adama ke buƙata daidai yake da yankin ƙasa wanda, idan an cika shi da sinks na carbon kamar gandun daji, zai daidaita hayakin carbon dioxide. Masu bincike da ke da alaƙa da Cibiyar Nazarin Sawun Duniya sun amsa waɗannan zarge-zarge a cikin martani a cikin wannan mujallar PLOS. Ana samun ƙarin cikakkun tattaunawa game da zargi a shafin yanar gizon Global Footprint Network .

## Dubi kuma

* Matsayin muhalli
* Rashin kula da muhalli
* Ranar Daidaitawa
* Overshot (yawan jama'a) 
** Yawan jama'a
* Ranar 'Yancin Haraji