Fred Rwigyema

**Fred Gisa Rwigema** (wani lokaci kuma ana rubuta **Rwigyema**; an haife shi **Emmanuel Gisa**; 10 Afrilu 1957 &#x2013; 2 Oktoba 1990) hafsan sojan Rwanda ne kuma mai neman sauyi ɗan juyin juya hali. Shi ne wanda ya kafa kungiyar kishin ƙasa ta Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), kungiyar siyasa da 'yan tawaye da 'yan ƙabilar Tutsi 'yan Rwanda suka kafa daga zuriyar waɗanda aka tilastawa barin ƙasar bayan juyin juya halin Hutu na 1959.

## Rayuwar farko da tashi a Uganda
An haifi Rwigema a Gitarama, a kudancin Ruwanda. An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin Tutsi, a cikin shekarar 1960 shi da iyalinsa suka gudu zuwa Uganda kuma suka zauna a sansanin 'yan gudun hijira a Nshungerezi, Ankole bayan juyin juya halin Ruwanda na shekarar 1959 da kuma hambarar da Sarki Kigeli V. 

Bayan kammala makarantar sakandare a shekarar 1976, ya tafi Tanzaniya kuma ya shiga cikin Front for National Ceto (FRONASA), ƙungiyar tawaye ƙarƙashin jagorancin Yoweri Museveni, ɗan'uwan abokinsa Salim Saleh. A wannan lokacin ne ya fara kiran kansa Fred Rwigema. A wannan shekarar, ya yi tafiya zuwa Mozambique kuma ya shiga cikin 'yan tawayen FRELIMO da ke fafutukar kwato Mozambik daga hannun turawan mulkin mallaka na Portugal.

A shekarar 1979, ya shiga rundunar sojan 'yantar da ƙasa ta Uganda (UNLA), wacce tare da sojojin Tanzaniya suka kwace Kampala a watan Afrilun 1979, wanda ya tilasta Idi Amin ya gudu zuwa gudun hijira. 

Daga baya ya shiga kungiyar ta Museveni ta National Resistance Army (NRA), wacce ta yi kamfen mai suna Yakin Bush na Uganda da gwamnatin Milton Obote. A nan ne Rwigema ya fara fafatawa tare da wasu jagororin RPF masu zuwa ciki har da shugaban Rwanda Paul Kagame na gaba, James Kabarebe, Patrick Karegeya da Kayumba Nyamwasa.

Bayan da NRA ta kwace ikon jihar a  shekarar 1986, Rwigema ya zama mataimakin ministan tsaro. Ya kasance akai-akai a fagen daga a arewacin Uganda a lokacin da sabuwar gwamnati ke yaki da ragowar hamɓararren gwamnatin da kuma sauran kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye. 

## Jagoranci
Fred Rwigema na daga cikin mutane 27 na farko masu ɗauke da makamai, ƙarƙashin jagorancin shugaban ƙasar Uganda Yoweri Museveni, waɗanda suka tafi daji a shekarar 1981 don fara yakin neman zabe bayan zaɓen shugaban ƙasar Uganda da aka yi a shekarar 1980, inda aka zargi jam'iyyar Apollo Milton Obote na jam'iyyar adawa ta Uganda People's Congress da injiniyan magudin zaɓe don samun galaba a kan jam'iyyar Democratic Party, Patrioter S. Yoweri Museveni yake jagoranta.

A shekara ta 1985, Fred Rwigema ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan jagororin soji ta yadda a lokacin da National Resistance Army (NRA) ta samu nasara a kan gwamnatin sojan da ta yi nasarar juyin mulki a kan gwamnatin Milton Obote, Fred Rwigyema na ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin shugabannin 'yan tawaye uku da aka nada a matsayin Janar Janar a NRA. An nada shi Manjo Janar tare da ɗan uwan Yoweri Museveni Salim Saleh Akandwanaho da Elly Tumwine. Yoweri Museveni da kansa ya zama Laftanar Janar.

Fred Rwigema shugaban soji ne mai kwarjini, wanda duk sojoji da hafsoshin da suka yi aiki karkashinsa ke kaunarsa. Ya kuma samu sunansa musamman wajen yaki da ‘yan tada kayar baya a Arewacin Uganda, inda sojojin da suka fatattaki ‘yan adawar ƙasar ke ci gaba da kai farmaki. Shi ma Fred Rwigyema ya yi fice a zamaninsa saboda rashin shiga cikin wani laifukan yaki yayin da yake jagorantar ayyuka a Arewaci da Arewa maso Gabashin Uganda. Wannan ya sami laƙabin "Mungu wa vita", Swahili don "allahn yaki".

An naɗa shi mataimakin ministan tsaro ne biyo bayan kwace mulki da kungiyar ‘yan adawa ta National Resistance Movement ta yi, amma hakan bai ɗauke shi daga jagorantar ayyukan soji a Arewacin Uganda ba.

## Yakin basasa na Ruwanda da mutuwa
A ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban 1990, Rwigyema ya jagoranci gungun runduna na NRA 10,000 a wani hari da suka kai arewacin Ruwanda.  Wannan taron ya fara yakin basasar Ruwanda. Abin da ya zama RPF ya zaɓi wannan rana yayin da yake kusa da ranar 'yancin kai na Uganda a ranar 9 ga watan Oktoba.  Wannan ya zama dama ga Rwigyema, saboda ana iya canza motsin daga babban NRA a matsayin faretin soja. 

A rana ta biyu na yakin basasa, an harbe Rwigyema a kai kuma ya mutu a tsaunin Nyabwenshogozi.  An ɓoye mutuwarsa tsawon wata guda don kada a cutar da tarbiya.  Akwai saɓani game da ainihin yanayin mutuwar Rwigyema; Layin gwamnatin Kagame a hukumance shi ne cewa an kashe Rwigyema ta hanyar harsashi.   Duk da haka, masanin tarihi Gérard Prunier ya bayyana cewa ya kafa "daga shaidun da ba za su iya jurewa ba (ciki har da hira da wani mai shaida ga kisan)" cewa babban kwamandan sa Peter Bayingana ya kashe Rwigyema, bayan wata gardama a kan dabaru, kuma ya ba wa masu karatunsa uzuri don sun yarda da "dafaffen sigar gaskiya [RPF] ta ba shi". 

Ana ɗaukar Rwigyema ɗaya daga cikin jaruman ƙasar Ruwanda. An binne gawarsa a makabartar jaruman Remera da ke Kigali.

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## Manazarta