Magani na biyu

**Magani na biyu** (mafi yawan **maganin dattin halittu** ) shine kawar da kwayoyin halitta masu lalacewa (a cikin bayani ko dakatarwa) daga najasa ko makamancin irin na ruwa .  Manufar ita ce a cimma wani madaidaicin ingancin ƙazanta a cikin injin sarrafa najasa wanda ya dace da zaɓin zubar da ruwa ko sake amfani da shi. Mataki na " magani na farko " sau da yawa yana gaba da magani na biyu, ta yadda ake amfani da rabuwa lokaci na jiki don cire daskararrun daskararru . A lokacin jiyya ta biyu, ana amfani da hanyoyin nazarin halittu don cire narkar da abubuwan da aka dakatar da su a matsayin buƙatun oxygen na biochemical (BOD). Ana yin waɗannan matakan ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin tsarin sarrafa iska ko anaerobic dangane da fasahar jiyya . Bacteria da protozoa cinye biodegradable soluble Organic gurbatawa (misali sugars, fats, da Organic short-sarkar carbon kwayoyin daga sharar gida, abinci sharar gida, sabulu da wanka) yayin da reproducing zuwa samar da Kwayoyin na nazarin halittu daskararru. Ana amfani da jiyya ta biyu a ko'ina wajen kula da najasa kuma ana amfani da ita ga yawancin sharar ruwan noma da masana'antu .

Ana rarraba tsarin magani na sakandare a matsayin tsarin fim ko tsarin tsayarwa, kuma a matsayin aerobic da anaerobic. Fim din da aka gyara ko tsarin ci gaban da aka haɗe sun haɗa da matattarar matattarar ruwa, wuraren da aka gina, hasumiyoyin halittu, da masu hulɗa na halittu masu juyawa, inda biomass ke girma a kan kafofin watsa labarai kuma datti ya wuce sama da farfajiya. : 11-13 Ka'idar fim din da aka gyara ta ci gaba da bunkasa cikin masu motsa jiki na biofilm (MBBR)  da kuma Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge (IFAS).  Tsarin tsinkaye-tsinkaye sun haɗa da laka mai kunnawa, wanda shine tsarin magani na aerobic, wanda ya dogara da kiyayewa da sake zagayawa na wani abu mai rikitarwa wanda ya ƙunshi micro-organisms (bacteria da protozoa) wanda ke iya shawo kan kuma adsorb kwayoyin da aka ɗauka a cikin ruwa mai guba. Ana kuma amfani da wuraren da aka gina. Misali ga tsarin magani na biyu na anaerobic shine mai ba da wutar lantarki na anaerobian.

Tsarin fim din da aka gyara sun fi iya magance canje-canje masu yawa a cikin adadin kayan halittu kuma suna iya samar da ƙimar cirewa mafi girma ga kayan kwayoyin halitta da abubuwan da aka dakatar fiye da tsarin ci gaban da aka dakatar. : 11-13 Yawancin tsarin maganin sakandare na aerobic sun haɗa da mai tsabtace sakandare don daidaitawa da rarraba kayan halitta ko kayan tacewa da aka girma a cikin maganin bioreactor na biyu.

## Ma'anar

### Magani na farko

### Magani na biyu
Magani na farko yana cire kusan rabin abubuwa masu ƙarfi da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na BOD daga datti. Ana bayyana magani na biyu a matsayin "cirewar kwayoyin halitta masu narkewa (a cikin mafita ko dakatarwa) da kuma dakatarwa. Hakanan ana haɗa maganin rigakafi a cikin ma'anar maganin sakandare na al'ada. " : 11 Wasu injiniyoyin tsabta suna ɗaukar cirewar abinci mai gina jiki a matsayin magani na biyu kuma wasu a matsayin magani mai mahimmanci.  : 11 

### Tsarin fim din da aka gyara

#### Gidajen tacewa (gidajen oxidizing)

A cikin tsofaffin tsire-tsire da waɗanda ke karɓar kayan aiki masu canji, ana amfani da gadaje masu tacewa inda aka shimfiɗa ruwan sha a saman gado da aka yi da cokali (karfe mai laushi), kwakwalwan dutse ko kuma kafofin watsa labarai na filastik na musamman. Irin waɗannan kafofin watsa labarai dole ne su sami manyan wurare don tallafawa biofilms da ke samuwa. Ana rarraba giya ta hanyar hannayen fure. Abin sha da aka rarraba yana gudana ta cikin gado kuma ana tattara shi a cikin magudanar ruwa a tushe. Wadannan magudanar ruwa kuma suna samar da tushen iska wanda ke gudana ta hanyar gado, yana kiyaye shi aerobic. Biofilms na kwayoyin cuta, protozoa da fungi suna samuwa a saman kafofin watsa labarai kuma suna cin abinci ko kuma rage abubuwan da ke cikin kwayoyin. : 12 Filin yana cire karamin kashi na kwayoyin halitta da aka dakatar, yayin da mafi yawan kwayoyin halitta ke tallafawa haihuwar microorganism da ci gaban tantanin halitta daga oxidation da nitrification da ke faruwa a cikin fil ɗin. Tare da wannan oxidation na aerobic da nitrification, ana canza kwayoyin halitta zuwa biofilm da kwari, kwari, da tsutsotsi ke ciyarwa wanda ke taimakawa wajen kula da kauri mafi kyau. Overloading na gadaje na iya kara kauri na biofilm wanda ke haifar da yanayin anaerobic da yiwuwar Bioclogging na kafofin watsa labarai na tacewa da ponding a farfajiya.

## Manazarta