Yankin Mwanza

**Yankin [[Mwanza]]** (*Mkoa wa Mwanza* a cikin Swahili) yana ɗaya daga cikin Tanzania" " title="Regions of Tanzania">yankuna 31 na Tanzania, wanda ke rufe jimlar ƙasar  km2  sq .  Yankin ya yi daidai da girman yankin ƙasar da aka haɗu da ƙasar ƙasar Arewacin Makidoniya. Yankin Mwanza yana da iyaka zuwa arewa ta hanyar Tafkin Victoria ta Yankin Kagera da Yankin Mara, zuwa gabas ta Yankin Simiyu, zuwa kudu ta Yankin Shinyanga kuma zuwa yamma ta Yankin Geita. Babban birnin yankin shine birnin Mwanza . Dangane da ƙididdigar ƙasa ta 2022, yankin yana da yawan mutane 3,699,872 kuma ƙididdigal na ƙasa na 2012 yana da 2,772,509. Yankin Mwanza shine yanki na biyu tare da yawan jama'a a Tanzania bayan Yankin Dar es Salaam .

## Tarihi

### Al'ummomi na farko
Dangane da tarihin baki, a kusa da c.1500 wani rukuni na mutane 250 Bantu, daga bakin tekun arewacin Geita na zamani, suna neman sabon gida. Dan sarki na Masarautar Lushamba ne ya jagoranci kungiyar. Lokacin da ya isa abin da ke kusa - da gabashin - Birnin Mwanza na yau, ɗan ya yi ihu, "nye-nsukumale-aha", ma'ana "Ni, Sukuma na nan". Daga wannan magana, da sansanin ne sunan Usukuma, * (Sukumaland) *, da kuma Mwanza na zamani ya fito ne daga.

Daga shekarun 1500 yankin, da kuma yawancin yankunan da ke kewaye da shi, za su kasance wani ɓangare na masarautun Sukuma maimakon ƙauyuka, kuma a yawancin wannan lokacin sun yi mulki daga yankin kusa da birnin Mwanza na zamani. Da farko daga wannan lokacin mutane da yawa daga asali da kabilun daban-daban sun koma Usukuma.

### Zamanin mulkin mallaka
Yankin Mwanza gida ne ga Basukuma, waɗanda suka fi girma kuma ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin kabilun a Tanzania da Great Lakes. Kafin mulkin mallaka na Jamus Sukuma tana da wadata daga manyan garken shanu, ƙasa mai kyau, da cinikin zinariya, da hauren giwa ta amfani da tsakiya na Tabora.

A shekara ta 1857, masu binciken Birtaniya, Richard Francis Burton da John Hanning Speke sun ambaci "Muanza" a matsayin matsaya a shekara ta 1858 kuma sun tabbatar da kasancewar Basukuma a bakin tekun da tsibirin Ukerewe .  A wannan lokacin Jamusawa sun kafa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Mwanza, a cikin 1892, don gudanar da Usukuma da aka ci nasara. Yankin da Mwanza ke mulki masu mulkin mallaka sun kira shi yankin tafkin kuma sun haɗa da ɓangarorin Tafkin Victoria daga Mara a gabas zuwa Kagera a Yamma, har zuwa kudu kamar Tabora da Kigoma, a Tafkin Tanganyika. Wannan ya ci gaba da raguwa bayan Burtaniya ta karɓi mulki bayan Yaƙin Duniya na I.

Mulkin mallaka daga Mwanza ya iyakance idan aka kwatanta da sauran Tanzania da Gabashin Afirka. Babban dalilai guda biyu na wannan shi ne cewa Basukuma ba su taɓa samun al'adun jarumi ba kuma gwamnonin mulkin mallaka suna da babban rashin fahimta game da yadda Sukuma ke mulki. Wannan Usukuma gabaɗaya tana da yawan jama'a kuma babu al'adun jarumi yana nufin cewa ana buƙatar ƙaramin ƙoƙari don sarrafa irin wannan yawan jama'ar. Wannan ya haifar da gwamnonin mulkin mallaka ta amfani da kuma ba da izinin shugabannin gida su yi mulki maimakon shiga kansu, ba tare da fahimtar cewa majalisun dattawa ne ke riƙe da ikon siyasa waɗanda suka nada kuma suka kori shugabannin ba.

### Lokacin mulkin mallaka
Yankin Tafkin, ya zama Yankin Tafki bayan samun 'yancin kai; bayan haka, a 1963, an kirkiro Yankin Mwanza.

## Yanayin ƙasa
The region covers an area of , of which  is water and  dry land. Mwanza Region is home to Ukerewe Island, the largest lake island in Africa as well as Saanane Island National Park, the smallest national park in Tanzania. The major rivers found in the region are; Moame River, Isanga River,  Mirongo River,  Nyarua River and Ndemabolia River. The region is situated between 1200 and 1,400 meters above sea level on Lake Victoria's southern shore.The area is primarily flat, with little mountains and hills made of granite stone strewn about. Rainwater from the plains flows into Lake Victoria in the north. The "mbuga soil" ranges in texture from sand to sandy loam to sand-clay or loam-clay.

## Tattalin Arziki
Dangane da ƙididdigar shekara ta 2012, aikin noma ya kai kusan kashi 62.8 cikin dari na yawan mutanen da ke aiki a tattalin arziki (amfanin gona da dabbobi). Sauran yawan jama'a suna aiki da ayyuka masu sauƙi (7%) kasuwanci da ƙananan kamfanoni (6.1%), sana'a (4.9%), da kamun kifi (3.3%. Kudin Gida na Gida (GDP) na yankin ya kasance TZS miliyan 7,451,706 a cikin 2016, kuma GDP na kowane mutum ya kasance TVS 2,004,353, bisa ga Rahoton Ci gaban Dan Adam na Tanzania na 2017. Daga cikin yankuna 26, GDP na yankin na kowane mutum ya zo a lamba bakwai.

HDI na yankin shine 0.646, wanda ya sanya shi na takwas a cikin ƙasa kuma ya fi HDI na ƙasa na 0.614 a cikin 2016. Alamar MPI tana da kashi 0.228, tana sanya shi na 14 gabaɗaya kuma dan kadan a ƙasa da matsakaicin ƙasa na 0.217. Koyaya, yawan talauci 8 a yankin Mwanza ya kasance 49.01%, wanda ya ɗan fi na ƙasa 47.40%. Mwanza an sanya ta 14 a cikin ƙasa don matsakaicin matsayi na talauci, tare da 46.55% na mazaunanta suna fuskantar matsanancin talauci, idan aka kwatanta da 45.48% a duk ƙasar. A Mwanza, yawan jama'a ga talauci ya kasance 26.57%, wanda ya ɗan ƙasa da matsakaicin ƙasa na 27.69.

### Aikin noma
Babban aikin noma da al'umma ke yi tare da wasu gonakin kasuwanci shine babban halayyar tattalin arzikin yankin Mwanza. Kashi 61% ne kawai na ƙasar da ta dace, amfanin gona ne da aka shuka. Mafi yawan amfanin gona, masara, ya kai kashi 51.8% na yankin da aka shuka kuma an shuka shi da farko a gundumomin Buchosa, Kwimba, da Misungwi. Cassava ita ce amfanin gona na biyu mafi yawanci, tana girma da farko a Kwimba, Buchosa, da Ukerewe. Shinkafa ita ce amfanin gona na uku mafi yawanci, galibi ana shuka shi a Magu da Ukerewe. A duk yankin, auduga ita ce mafi yawan amfanin gona, wanda ya kai hekta 5,521,511 a kowace shekara, idan aka kwatanta da hekta 131,547 na masara, hekta 75,940 na cassava, da hekta 18,921 na paddy. A wannan lokacin daga 2010/11 zuwa 2014/15, ana samar da tan 56,906 na auduga a yankin a kowace shekara, wanda ke da kashi 47.5 cikin dari na amfanin gona na yankin kuma yana samar da kashi 26.2 cikin dari na kudin shiga na noma.

Manyan masu samar da 'ya'yan itace da kayan lambu a yankin sune Buchosa, Magu, Ukerewe, da Ilemela tare da sauran kayan da aka aika zuwa Dar es Salaam. A cikin 2015, Buchosa tana da amfanin gona da ke girma a kan kadada sama da 307.8, gami da mango da pineapples. Magu yana noma kayan aikin lambu a matsayin amfanin gona na biyu ta amfani da danshi a wani ɓangare na kadada 1,178 da aka tsara don shinkafa. A cikin 2015, Ilemela tana da kadada 40. Ginin Ngongoseke, gidan kula da gida mai girman hekta 12 a Magu, da kuma iyakokin garin Ilemela suma suna shiga aikin noma (kayayyakin da aka sayar a Arusha, Mwanza da Dar). Ganin cewa kawai 2,884 hectare na 10,649 hectare na yankin da ake nomawa a halin yanzu ana ban ruwa, akwai ƙuntataccen amfani da ban ruwa a yankin. Ana shuka shuke-shuke da kayan lambu kamar tumatir, tsire-tsire na kwai, alade, da kabewa tare da ban ruwa.

Yankin yana da shanu 1,155,871, awaki 523,145, da tumaki 138,917 a cikin 2016 bisa ga ƙididdigar dabbobi na baya-bayan nan, wasu daga cikinsu ana iya sarrafa su cikin nama. Bugu da ƙari, akwai kaji 2,588,438, aladu 61,677, jaki 6,985, da shanu 19,244 da aka inganta. Kasuwancin shanu ya fi yawa a Kwimba (34%), sannan Misungwi (21%), Magu (18%), da Sengerema (16%)  An kiyasta kadada 172,977 na ƙasa ya dace da kiwo, wanda kashi 70.5 cikin dari (121,874 ha) an riga an yi amfani da su don wannan dalili.

Gundumomin Ukerewe, Magu, Mwanza City, Sengerema, Ilemela, Misungwi, da Buchosa sune manyan wuraren kamun kifi a yankin. Tare da kimanin masunta 27,629 da jiragen ruwa 6,743 da suka yi rajista da ke cikin kamun kifi, yankin ya ba da lasisin kamun kiɗa 33,582 a cikin 2015. 2015 ya ga kama tan miliyan 38,165.6 na kifi wanda ya kai TZS biliyan 187. Mazauna a Ilemela MC, Sengerema DC, da Ukerewe suna da alhakin mafi yawan kudaden shiga.

### Masana'antu
Dangane da ƙididdigar masana'antu ta 2015, yankin Mwanza ya zo na huɗu gabaɗaya dangane da yawan manyan masana'antun masana'antu a cikin ƙasar, bayan Dar es Salaam, Arusha, da Kagera. Ƙananan kamfanoni (96%) da masana'antu masu matsakaici (3%) waɗanda ke da hannu a cikin nau'ikan masana'antu daban-daban sun zama mafi yawan tattalin arzikin masana'antu na yankin (Hoto 3). Rarraba ƙananan masana'antu 2,420 ta majalisa a cikin 2015 kamar haka: Saboda saboncin majalisa, bayanai game da ƙananan masana'antun ba su da yawa ga majalisar gundumar Ukerewe (31.5%), Magu (6.7%), birnin Mwanza (17.8%), Kwimba (8.8%), Sengerema (4.5%), Ilemela (23.9%), Misungwi (6.8%), da Buchosa.

A cikin kasuwancin, akwai masana'antu 873 da suka yi mu'amala da niƙa masara (36%) 505 masana'antu waɗanda suka yi aikin kafinta (21%), da kuma masana'antu 392 waɗanda ke mu'amala da ayyuka (kashi 16).  Wasu masana'antu 303 sun ba da sabis na walda (13%) yayin da masana'antu 314 ke sarrafa katako (13%) 28 masana'antu suna sarrafa abinci (1.0%), masana'antu 5 na ƙarshe (0.9%) sun sarrafa man sunflower.  Mwanza birni (60.9%), Ilemela (18.3%), Magu (13.7%), da Misungwi (6.8%) na jimillar masana'antu 87 da aka samu a yankin a lokacin binciken a 2015 da kuma ƙarin 7 da aka kafa bayan ƙidayar 2012 da aka rarraba a matsayin matsakaicin sikelin masana'antu ta manyan masana'antu a cikin adadi mafi girma na 201.  yankin a cikin 2015 ya raba kamar haka ta majalisa: Mwanza city (masana'antu 12), Ilemela (masana'antu 7), da Misungwi (masana'antu 1)..

Yankin Mwanza yana da ma'adanai.  Yawancin ayyukan hakar ma'adinai na kasuwanci har yanzu suna cikin matakin binciken, kuma galibin kamfanoni na kasashen waje suna gudanar da bincike don tantance adadi da darajar ma'adinan ma'adinai.  A Misungwi, Ilemela, da Mwanza City Council, kamfanoni na cikin gida ya zuwa yanzu sun saka hannun jari sosai a cikin ƙananan ayyukan hakar ma'adinai (mafi yawan hako zinari, fasa dutse, da ma'adinan yashi).  Bugu da ƙari, a yankin Mwanza, akwai cibiyoyin kuɗi sama da 25 waɗanda ke ba da sabis na kuɗi..

### Yawon shakatawa
Kodayake yankin gida ne na biyu mafi girma a cikin ƙasar, Mwanza shine cibiyar kasuwanci.  Koyaya, yankin Mwanza yana da abubuwan more rayuwa na yawon buɗe ido.  Kowace gunduma a yankin ta san wuraren yawon buɗe ido na musamman, tun daga wuraren tarihi na al'adu kamar Sukuma Cultural Museums zuwa tsibirin Saa nane na halittu masu rai a gandun dajin Saanane Island..

### Infrastructure
Yankin Mwanza yana da alaƙa da hanya, jirgin ƙasa, ruwa da sufuri na iska. Hanyar T4 da aka shimfiɗa ta kewaye Tafkin Victoria, ta fito daga Kenya zuwa Uganda, ta hanyar Yankin Mara ta hanyar Magu, Ilemela, Nyamagana, Misungwi, da Sengerema suna ci gaba zuwa yamma zuwa cikin Yankunan Geita da Kagera kafin a ƙarshe su haye zuwa Uganda. Hanyar T8 da aka shimfiɗa ta fara ne a Mwanza City a T4, ta ƙare a Mbeya a T1. Yana tafiya kudu ta gundumomin Nyamagana, Misungwi, da Kwimba yana ci gaba ta Shinyanga, Tabora, Singida, da Mbeya. A halin yanzu ana gina gadar Kigongo-Busisi don haɗa yankin Mwanza zuwa Yankin Geita a fadin Tekun Mwanza na Tafkin Victoria.

#### Jirgin ƙasa
Ofishin Mwanza na layin dogo na tsakiya ya ratsa yankin a kan hanyarsa daga Mwanza zuwa Tabora kuma akwai tashoshin da yawa a cikin iyakokin yankin. Ofishin Mwanza na Tanzania SGR yana cikin gini, tun daga 2021, don haɗi ta hanyar Isaka zuwa sauran cibiyar sadarwar SGR ta ƙasa da ake ginawa a halin yanzu. Sashe na Mwanza zuwa Isaka shine mataki na 5 na aikin SGR, kuma kamfanoni biyu na kasar Sin ne ke gina shi China Civil Engineering Construction (CCEC) da China Railway Construction Company (CRCC), kuma ana biyan shi tare da rance ta hanyar gwamnatin kasar Sin.

#### Jirgin Ruwa
Jiragen ruwa sun haɗa Tsibirin Ukerewe da birnin Mwanza. Sauran jiragen ruwa suna aiki tsakanin Mwanza da Gundumar Sengerema.

#### Jirgin sama
Mwanza_Airport" id="mwATk" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Mwanza Airport">Filin jirgin saman Mwanza yana cikin iyakokin yankin, a cikin garin Mwanza . 

## Yawan jama'a
Kabilar Sukuma ita ce ƙungiyar mafi rinjaye a yankunan Mwanza, Shinyanga, Geita, da Simiyu tare da aka fi sani da Usukuma ko Sukumaland.  Bugu da ƙari, a tsibirin tafkin Victoria da kuma gaɓar yankin Mwanza kuma akwai Kerewe, Kara da Zinza, tare da Wakerewe da Wakara a gabas, musamman tsibirin Ukerewe, da Wazinza a yammacin gabar teku da tsibirai kuma a yankin Geita.  Sauran kabilun da aka fi samu a Mwanza, galibi a tashar jiragen ruwa da birane, su ne Haya, Nyamwezi, Sumbwa, Kuria, Luo, Jita, da Shashi.i.

### Yawan jama'a
A cikin 2022 Ofishin Kididdiga na Kasa na Tanzania akwai mutane 3,699,872 a yankin, daga 2,772,509 a cikin 2012. A shekara ta 2002-2012, yawan mutanen da ke cikin shekara-shekara na kashi 3.0 na yankin shine na takwas mafi girma a kasar. Har ila yau, shi ne yanki na shida mafi yawan jama'a a cikin 2012 tare da mazauna 120 a kowace murabba'in kilomita (310 / sq .   &#x3A;&#x200A;4,6&#x200A;

### Al'adu
Gabashin Birnin Mwanza shine Cibiyar Al'adu ta Bujora tare da coci da Gidan Tarihi na Sukuma . A cibiyar al'adu akwai ilimi game da kisukuma, tarihin Basukuma, da gine-gine. Bugu da ƙari cibiyar al'adu tana da yawon shakatawa, sansani, kiɗa, rawa, bita, da sauran ayyukan al'adu. Hanyar Makongoro ta birnin Mwanza an sanya masa suna ne bayan wani fitaccen shugaban Sukuma wanda ke kula da yankin a ƙarshen 1800s.

Duk da yake Yankin Mwanza ya fi shahara da ngoma, duk fannoni na al'adun Tanzaniya na zamani da kiɗa Nuga nan. Ana iya samun wasan kwaikwayo da kulob din taarab, bongo flava, dansi, kwaya da sauran shahararrun kiɗa na Tanzaniya a ko'ina cikin birnin Mwanza, kodayake ba a saba gani ba a waje da birnin. Kiɗa na Singeli yana samun karbuwa a cikin 2020s, kuma ana iya samun sa a wasu kungiyoyi a ciki da waje da birni.

An san yankin Mwanza da ngoma, raye-raye, wasan kwaikwayo.  Nau'in raye-raye sun bambanta dangane da nau'i da dalilan rawa.  Wasu don shakatawa, wasu don fafatawa.  Wasu don nishaɗi, wasu don al'ada.  Wigashe rawa ce da aka yi tun aƙalla shekarun 1800.  Shahararrun kungiyoyi guda biyu sune bugika da bugalu wadanda aka ce wadanda suka kafa Ngika da Gumha sun kirkiro wigashe, da sauran raye-raye.  Duk da yake waɗannan sune ƙungiyoyi biyu da aka fi sani, a yau akwai ƙarin ƙungiyoyi da raye-raye marasa adadi.  Ana yin Wigashe sau da yawa daga zama a kan kujeru ta yin amfani da raye-raye da sarewa yayin waƙa da rawa daga wurin zama, tare da babba da kuma takawa.  Ya fi zama ruwan dare don shakatawa bayan yin aiki tuƙuru, amma wasu lokuta na iya zama gasa.  Sauran raye-rayen buchwezi wanda yawanci ya shafi macizai, yawanci manyan layu, da naman alade, da bugobogobo da ake yi yayin noma, musamman rawa yayin girbi..

## Rarrabawar gudanarwa

### Gundumomi
Yankin Mwanza ya kasu kashi bakwai, kowannensu ana gudanar da shi ta hanyar majalisa:

**Lura:** * Majalisar gundumar gari da ke wakiltar birnin Mwanza

## Lafiya da Ilimi
Yankin Mwanza yana da mutanen da suka isa karatu kuma sun dace da kowane nau'i na matsakaiciyar fasaha mai zurfi, bisa ga Rahoton Ci gaban Dan Adam na Tanzaniya (THDR 2017), wanda ya sanya shekarun da ake sa ran yankin na karatu a 9.7, wanda ya sanya shi na takwas a cikin yankuna 26 na kasar Tanzaniya.  A Mwanza, fiye da kashi 90% na mazauna garin sun kammala aƙalla karatunsu na firamare, kashi 13% sun kammala karatunsu na sakandare, kashi 3.2% kuma sun kammala wasu irin karatun gaba da firamare ko na gaba da sakandare.  Duk da cewa ana ganin ƙarancin yawan mutanen da ke da ilimin gaba da sakandare, dokokin ƙwadago na ƙasar suna da aiki kuma suna ba wa 'yan kasuwa damar ɗaukar ma'aikata daga kowane wuri a cikin ƙasa.

## Shahararrun mutane daga yankin Mwanza

* William Shija, ɗan siyasa
* Gertrude Mongella, 'yar siyasa
* Aniceti Kitereza, malamin addini kuma marubuci
* Euphrase Kezilahabi, mawaki
* Gabriel Ruhumba, sabon shiga
* Cool James, mawaƙi
* Hamisa Mobetto, samfurin
* Richa Adhia, samfurin
* Ruhi Hamid, dan kasar Tanzania, mai shirya fina-finai na Burtaniya
* Amir H. Jamal, ɗan siyasa kuma diflomasiyya
* Baby Madaha, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo kuma mawaƙa
* Shukrani Manya, ɗan siyasa
* Ally Hamis Ng'anzi, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa
* Renatus Leonard Nkwande, babban bishop
* Rakesh Rajani, shugaban ma'aikatan gwamnati
* Gabriel Ruhumba, marubuci
* Pritam Singh Sandhu, dan kasar Tanzania, dan wasan Olympics na Kenya
* Henry Joseph Shindika, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa
* Stergomena Tax, ɗan siyasa
* Baby Madaha, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo kuma mawaƙa
* Mrisho Ngasa, mai ba da gudummawa na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta Tanzania
* Charles Kabigumila, Fasto