Dan Montsitsi

**Sediane Danny "Sechaba" Montsitsi** (24 Mayu 1952 - 13 Yuni shekara ta 2021) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma tsohon mai fafutukar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata. Ɗaya daga cikin jagororin boren Soweto na shekara ta 1976, daga baya ya wakilci majalisar dokokin Afirka daga shekarun 1994 zuwa shekara ta 2014.

An haife shi a Alexandra, Montsitsi ya shiga harkokin siyasa na ɗalibai a lokacin mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata ta hanyar ƙungiyar ɗalibai ta Afirka ta Kudu a Soweto. Ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilan ɗaliban Soweto daga watan Janairun shekara ta 1977 har zuwa watan Yunin shekara ta 1977, lokacin da aka kama shi aka tsare shi saboda rawar da ya taka a tada kayar baya da kuma tashin hankalin da ya biyo baya. A cikin abin da aka fi sani da shari'ar Soweto 11, Montsitsi da mataimakinsa, Murphy Morobe, an yanke musu hukunci tare da wasu mutane tara bisa zargin tayar da zaune tsaye. Bayan ɗaurin shekaru huɗu a gidan yari a tsibirin Robben daga shekarun 1979 zuwa 1983, ya zama shugaban matasa a cikin United Democratic Front of the Transvaal. Ya yi aiki a Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa  bayan mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata daga shekarun 1994 zuwa shekara ta 2009 sannan ya yi Majalisar Larduna ta ƙasa  daga shekarun 2009 zuwa shekara ta  2014.

## Rayuwar farko da gwagwarmaya
An haifi Montsitsi a ranar 24 ga watan Mayu 1952 a Alexandra, wani gari a wajen Johannesburg a tsohuwar Transvaal.  Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Sekano-Ntoane a Senaoane, Soweto, inda ya shiga cikin harkokin siyasa na ɗalibai na yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata, ya shiga Black Consciousness-aligned South African Students Movement a shekarar 1974.  

### Tashin hankalin Soweto: 1976-1977
A ranar 16 ga watan Yunin 1976, ɗalibai a Soweto sun gudanar da zanga-zangar adawa da Ilimin Bantu da shirin gwamnatin nuna wariyar launin fata na kafa Afrikaans a matsayin hanyar koyarwa a makarantun baƙaƙen fata. Montsitsi na ɗaya daga cikin jagororin tawagar Senaoane na tattakin.  Bayan 'yan sanda sun yi wa ɗaliban da suka yi zanga-zangar kisan kiyashi, an ci gaba da zanga-zangar, a wani abin da aka fi sani da boren Soweto. Shirin da aka yi a Soweto ya kasance babban kwamitin gudanarwa mai suna Soweto Students' Representative Council (SSRC), kuma Montsitsi ya zama shugaba na uku, bayan magabatansa biyu Tsietsi Mashinini da kuma Khotso Seathlolo sun gudu a jere zuwa gudun hijira. Ya karɓi ragamar shugabancin ƙasar daga hannun Seathlo a watan Janairun 1977 kuma ya riƙe muƙamin har sai da aka kama shi bayan watanni biyar. 

### Soweto 11 shari'a da tsarewa: 1977-1983
A ranar 10 ga watan Yuni 1977,  a cikin wani gagarumin farmakin 'yan sanda, reshen Tsaro ya kama Montsitsi da sauran mambobin kwamitinsa yayin da suke shirin tunawa da bikin cika shekara ta 16 ga watan Yuni.  Ya kwashe watanni da dama yana gujewa kama shi.  An tsare shi sama da shekara guda ba tare da an gurfanar da shi a gaban kotu ba kuma ya shafe yawancin lokacin a gidan yari. Jami’an ‘yan sanda sun yi masa azaba mai tsanani a Pretoria, inda ya ce “sun matse gwailonsa da fila, suka buge fuskata, suka yi min naushi tare da yi mani bulala da tarkacen roba” da dai sauransu.   Wani likita na gwamnati ne ya tabbatar da ikirarin nasa, wanda daga baya ya shaida a gaban kotu cewa Montsitsi ya samu raunuka, raunuka, da kuma rauni a kai da ke buƙatar magani da maganin ciwon sanyi.  Daga bisani Montsitsi ya ce masu yi masa tambayoyi sun yi yunkurin tursasa shi ya amince cewa zanga-zangar wata makarkashiya ce ta haramtacciyar jam'iyyar ANC. 

A ƙarshen shekarar 1978, Montsitsi da wasu mutane goma an gabatar da su a gaban Kotun Koli ta Transvaal bisa zargin tayar da zaune tsaye a karon farko a cikin akalla shekaru talatin da irin wannan tuhumar da gwamnati  ta yi  tare da wani cajin ta'addanci.  An hana su beli.  A cikin abin da aka fi sani da shari'ar Soweto 11, jihar ta bayar da hujjar cewa SSRC ta haifar da zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnati a Soweto a cikin watanni bayan 16 Yuni 1976.  Waɗanda ake tuhumar ba su yi laifi ba, suna masu cewa manufarsu ta kasance cikin lumana, amma, a watan Mayun 1979, Alkali Hendrik van Dyk ya yi watsi da wannan hujja, inda ya yanke hukuncin cewa waɗanda ake kara sun shirya juyin juya hali kuma ba ‘yan sanda ba ne ke da alhakin tashin hankalin da ya biyo baya.  An same su da laifin tada zaune tsaye; hakika, da yake yanke hukuncin nasa, van Dyk ya ce musamman Montsitsi ya yi taurin kai tun daga ranar farko ta tashin hankalin.  A cewar Montsitsi, "Ban san mene ne fitinar jahannama ba, amma idan yana nufin shirya ɗalibai don yakar ilimin bantu to, ja, alkali ya yi gaskiya, na yi ta'addanci." 

An yanke wa dukkan waɗanda ake tuhuma 11 hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru biyar ko fiye da haka, inda aka yanke wa Montsitsi hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru takwas mafi tsawo; Mataimakinsa a cikin SSRC, Murphy Morobe, ya zo a kusa da na biyu, tare da hukuncin shekaru bakwai.  Domin an dakatar da shekaru huɗu na hukuncin,  Montsitsi ya yi shekaru huɗu a tsibirin Robben. Daga baya ya ce game da zaman kurkukun, "Na yi tsammanin Robben Island zai zama wurin da ke cike da tsoro, amma da na isa na gano wata kafa ta siyasa", yana mai nuni da jagoranci da ilimin siyasa da shugabannin ANC da ke kurkuku Walter Sisulu, Govan Mbeki, da Nelson Mandela suka bayar.

### United Democratic Front: 1983-1991
Bayan an sake shi a tsakiyar shekarar 1983, Montsitsi ya zama fitaccen mutum a cikin Soweto Civic Association da Transvaal reshen United Democratic Front (UDF). A cikin shekarar 1985, an zaɓe shi a matsayin memba na zartaswa na lardin UDF kuma aka naɗa shi a matsayin mai shirya matasa. Har yanzu a farkon shekarunsa na 30, ya shiga cikin kafa Majalisar Matasa ta Soweto sannan daga baya Majalisar Matasan Afirka ta Kudu.  Daga baya ya ce, "Ni da Morobe muka yi hayaniya a lokacin da muka fito, idan muka yi jawabi a taro sai mu ce a'a, ba ni nake magana ba, Mandela ne." Ta hanyar mu, mutane za su iya ganin Mandela da Sisulu suna raye." 

A cikin watan Janairu 1988, an sake kama Montsitsi a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin halin gaggawa. An tsare shi tsawon watanni goma sha shida ba tare da fuskantar shari'a ba kafin a sake shi a farkon shekarar 1989 bayan ya shiga yajin cin abinci na tsawon lokaci.  Bayan an sake shi zuwa Soweto, an ba shi wata doka mai tsauri. 

## Majalisa: 1994-2014
A zaɓen farko da aka gudanar bayan mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata a ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1994, an zaɓi Montsitsi a matsayin ɗan majalisar dokokin ƙasar ANC a majalisar dokokin ƙasar.  Ya yi wa'adi uku a kujerarsa, inda ya sake lashe zaɓe a shekarar 1999  da 2004. 

A ƙarshen wa'adinsa na uku, a babban zaɓen shekara ta 2009, an zaɓe shi a cikin kungiyar Gauteng na majalisar larduna ta ƙasa, majalisar koli ta ƙasa. An naɗa shi a matsayin shugaban kwamitin majalisar dokokin ANC a shekarar 2013. Duk da haka, a babban zaɓe na shekara mai zuwa, Montsitsi ya kasance mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin jerin jam'iyyar ANC don samun sake tsayawa takara a majalisar dokoki, kuma daga baya ya yi ritaya daga siyasa.

## Ritaya da mutuwa
Montsitsi ya yi ritaya zuwa Dobsonville, Soweto. Ya kasance mataimakin shugaban gidauniyar 16 ga watan Yuni, 1976, wata ƙungiyar ci gaban matasa,  kuma a wannan matsayi, a cikin shekarunsa na baya, ya yi suka kan "almundahana da sata" na gwamnatin ANC bayan nuna wariyar launin fata. A ranar 13 ga watan Yuni 2021, Ministan Lafiya Joe Phaahla ya ba da sanarwar cewa Montsitsi ya mutu sakamakon rikice-rikice daga COVID-19.   

## Manazarta