Saudi Arabian Airlines

**Saudia** (    **' ), wanda aka fi sani da **Saudi Arabian Airlines*' (  ), shi ne mai ɗaukar tuta na [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]], wanda ke [[Jeddah]].   A kamfanin jirgin sama na babban aiki tushe ne a [[Filin Jirgi na Abdulaziz|King Abdulaziz International Airport]] a [[Jeddah]]. Filin jirgin sama na Sarki Khalid da ke [[Riyadh]] da filin jirgin sama na King Fahd da ke [[Dammam|Damam]] sune manyan cibiyoyi. Jirgin shi ne na uku mafi girma a [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]] wajen samun kuɗaɗen shiga, bayan [[Emirates]] da [[Qatar Airways]].  Yana tafiyar da jirage na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje zuwa sama da wurare guda 85 a Gabas ta Tsakiya, Afirka, Asiya, Turai da Arewacin Amurka. Ana gudanar da zirga-zirgar jirage na gida da na waje, galibi a lokacin azumin Ramadan da na [[Aikin Hajji|Hajji]]. Ya shiga kawancen kamfanin jirgin sama na [[SkyReach Aircraft|SkyTeam]] a ranar 29 ga Watan Mayu shekara ta 2012 ya zama dillalan Fasha na farko da ya shiga daya daga cikin manyan kawancen jiragen sama guda uku. Saudia mamba ce kuma daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa kungiyar jiragen saman Larabawa. 

== Tarihi ==

=== Shekarun farko ===




Lokacin da shugaban Amurka Franklin Delano Roosevelt ya ba da jirgin Douglas DC-3 a matsayin kyauta ga [[Ibn Saud|Sarki Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud]] a shekara ta 1945, taron ya nuna yadda masarautar ta samu ci gaban zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a hankali. An kafa kamfanin jigilar tutar kasar, Saudia, a matsayin jirgin saman Saudi Arabiya a watan Satumban shekara ta 1945  a matsayin cikakkiyar hukuma ta gwamnati a ƙarƙashin ikon Ma'aikatar Tsaro, tare da TWA (Trans World Airlines) yana tafiyar da kamfanin jirgin karkashin kwangilar gudanarwa.

[[Jeddah|Filin jirgin saman Kandara da]] aka rushe a yanzu, wanda ke kusa da Jeddah, ya kasance babban sansanin mai ɗaukar tuta. Daga cikin ayyukan farko na kamfanin har da wani jirgi na musamman daga Lydda ( Lod ) na [[Falasdinu|kasar Falasdinu]] (yau a [[Isra'ila]], wurin filin jirgin sama na Ben-Gurion), da izinin Biritaniya a wancan lokacin, don jigilar alhazai zuwa Jeddah. Kamfanin jirgin ya yi amfani da jiragen DC-3 guda biyar don kaddamar da ayyukan da aka tsara a kan hanyar Jeddah-Riyadh-Hofuf-Dhahran a watan Maris na shekara ta 1947. Hidimar sa ta farko ta duniya tsakanin Jeddah da Alkahira. Hidima zuwa [[Beirut]], [[Karachi]]  da [[Damascus|Damascus ya]] biyo baya a farkon shekara ta 1948. A shekara mai zuwa an karɓi farkon na biyar na Bristol 170s. Wadannan jiragen sun baiwa kamfanin jirgin saman sassaucin daukar fasinjoji da kaya.

A cikin shekara ta 1962, jirgin sama ya ɗauki Boeing 720s guda biyu, ya zama jirgin sama na huɗu na Gabas ta Tsakiya don tashi jirage jet, bayan Jirgin saman Gabas ta Tsakiya da Cyprus Airways tare da de Havilland Comet a shekara ta 1960 da El Al tare da Boeing 707 a shekara ta 1961.  A ranar 19 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1963, kamfanin jirgin ya zama kamfani mai rijista, inda [[Faisal na Saudi Arabia|Sarki Faisal na Saudiyya ya]] rattaba hannu kan takardar da ta ayyana Saudiyya a matsayin kamfani mai cikakken 'yanci. Daga baya aka sayi DC-6s da Boeing 707s, kuma kamfanin jirgin ya shiga AACO, Kungiyar Masu Jiragen Sama na Larabawa. An fara [[Sharjah (birni)|hidima a Sharjah]], [[Tehran]], [[Khartoum]], [[Mumbai]], [[Tripoli]], [[Tunis]], [[Rabat]], Geneva, Frankfurt, da kuma [[Filin jirgin saman Landan-Heathrow|London]].

A cikin shekara ta 1970s, an gabatar da sabon livery. An canza sunan mai ɗaukar kaya zuwa *Saudia* a ranar 1 ga Afrilun shekara ta 1972. An sayi Boeing 737s da Fokker F-28s, tare da 737s suka maye gurbin Douglas DC-9 . Kamfanin jirgin ya fara gudanar da sabis na Boeing 747s na farko a cikin 1977 lokacin da aka yi hayar Jumbo Jet uku daga Jirgin saman Gabas ta Tsakiya kuma aka tura su a sashin [[Filin jirgin saman Landan-Heathrow|London]] . An fara jigilar jigilar kayayyaki na farko tsakanin Saudi Arabiya da Turai, kuma an fara jigilar Lockheed L-1011s da Fairchild FH-27 . Sabbin ayyuka, gami da *Arabian Express* 'babu jirage masu saukar ungulu' tsakanin Jeddah da Riyadh. An kafa Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Musamman (SFS) a matsayin rukunin na musamman na Saudiyya, kuma tana gudanar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na musamman ga dangin sarauta da hukumomin gwamnati. An kuma fara hidima a [[Rum|Roma]], da [[Faris|Paris]], Muscat, [[Kano (birni)|Kano]], da kuma [[Stockholm]]. Sabis ɗin haɗin gwiwa na Pan Am/Saudia tsakanin Dhahran da [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York ya]] fara ne a ranar 3 ga watan Fabrairu shekaea ta 1979.

A cikin 1980s an fara ayyuka irin su Saudia Catering. An fara [[Mogadishu|jirage]] [[Jakarta|zuwa Jakarta]], [[Athens]], [[Bangkok]], [[Dhaka]], Mogadishu, [[Nairobi]], [[New York (birni)|New York City]], [[Madrid]], [[Singafora|Singapore]], [[Manila]], Delhi, [[Islamabad]], [[Seoul]], [[Bagdaza|Baghdad]], [[Amsterdam]], Colombo, [[Nice]], [[Lahore]], Brussels, [[Dakar]], [[Kuala Lumpur]] da [[Taipei]] . *Horizon Class*, sabis na aji na kasuwanci, an kafa shi don bayar da ingantaccen sabis. An gina wuraren daukar kaya a Brussels da Taipei. Airbus A300s, Boeing 747s, da Cessna Citations kuma an ƙara su a cikin rundunar jiragen ruwa, da Citations na sabis na SFS. A cikin shekara ta 1989 sabis na Larnaca da [[Addis Abeba|Addis Ababa]] ya fara. A ranar 1 ga Watan  Yuli shekara ta 1982, an ƙaddamar da sabis na farko mara tsayawa daga [[Jeddah]] zuwa [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]] tare da jirgin Boeing 747SP. An bi hanyar Riyadh zuwa New York.

A cikin shekara ta 1990s, an gabatar da ayyuka zuwa Orlando, Chennai, Asmara, Washington, DC, Johannesburg, Alexandria, Milan, Malaga (na lokaci), da Sanaa (sake farawa). An gabatar da Boeing 777s, MD-90s da MD-11s. An gabatar da sabbin rigunan mata masu hidimar jirgin da Adnan Akbar ya tsara. An ƙaddamar da sabon shaidar kamfani a ranar 16 ga Yuli 1996, mai [[Yashi|ɗauke da]] fuselage mai launin yashi tare da bambancin wutsiya mai launin shuɗi, wanda tsakiyarsa ya ƙunshi salo mai salo na gidan gidan Saud . An jefar da sunan Saudia a cikin sabunta bayanan, tare da sunan Saudi Arabian Airlines.

=== Ci gaba tun daga 2000s ===
A ranar 8 ga watan Oktoba, shwkara ta 2000, Yarima Sultan bin Abdulaziz Al Saud , Ministan Tsaro da Jiragen Sama na Saudiyya, ya rattaba hannu kan wata kwangila don gudanar da bincike don mayar da kamfanonin jiragen sama na Saudi Arabian zuwa kamfanoni. A cikin shirye-shiryen wannan, an sake fasalin kamfanin jirgin don ba da izinin raka'a marasa mahimmanci - ciki har da abinci na Saudia, sabis na kula da ƙasa da kulawa da kuma makarantar Prince Sultan Aviation Academy da ke Jeddah - don canza su zuwa rukunin kasuwanci da cibiyoyin riba. A watan Afrilun shekara ta 2005, gwamnatin Saudiyya ta nuna cewa kamfanin jirgin zai iya rasa abin da ya ke da shi na ayyukan cikin gida. 

A cikin shekara ta 2006, Saudia ta fara aiwatar da rarraba kanta zuwa Rukunin Kasuwancin Dabarun (SBU); sashin abinci ne aka fara mayar da shi.  A watan Agustan shekara ta 2007, Majalisar Ministocin Saudiyya ta amince da sauya wasu manyan kamfanoni zuwa kamfanoni. An shirya cewa sabis na ƙasa, sabis na fasaha, kaya na iska da kuma Prince Sultan Aviation Academy, sashen likitanci, da kuma sashin abinci, za su zama rassan kamfani na kamfani. 

Kamfanin jirgin ya koma zuwa ga takaitaccen sunan sa na Ingilishi *Saudia* (an yi amfani da shi daga shekara ta 1972 zuwa shekara ta 1996) daga Saudi Arabian Airlines (sunan tarihi da ake amfani da shi har zuwa shekara ta 1971 kuma ya sake dawo da shi a 1997) a ranar 29 ga watan Mayun shekara ta 2012; An canza sunan ne don murnar shigowar kamfanin cikin kawancen kamfanin jirgin sama na SkyTeam a wannan rana, kuma wani bangare ne na wani babban yunkurin sake suna. 

Saudia ta karbi sabbin jiragen sama 64 a karshen shekarar a shekara ta 2012 (6 daga Boeing da 58 daga [[Airbus]] ). Wani jirgin sama 8 Boeing 787-9 ya fara shiga cikin rundunar a cikin shekara ta 2015. 

A watan Afrilu shekara ta 2016, Saudia sanar halittar wani low-cost na biyu, Flyadeal . An kaddamar da jirgin ne a matsayin wani bangare na dabarun sauyi na SV2020 na Saudia Group, wanda ke da niyyar sauya sassan kungiyar zuwa kungiyoyi masu daraja ta duniya nan da shekara ta 2020. Flyadeal yana hidimar wuraren zuwa gida da yanki, ya fara tashi a tsakiyar shekara ta 2017. 

A cikin Afrilu 2021, Saudia Airlines ya ba da sanarwar cewa a ranar 19 ga watan  Afrilu, zai gwada app ɗin wayar hannu da Ƙungiyar Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Duniya (IATA) ta ƙirƙira wanda ke taimaka wa fasinjoji sarrafa bayanan tafiyarsu da takaddunsu ta hanyar dijital. 

== Kyauta ==

* Kamfanin Jirgin Sama Mafi Ingantattun Hanyoyin Duniya ' a cikin 2017 ta SkyTrax
* Mafi Ingantattun Jirgin Sama a Duniya a shekara ta 2020 ta SkyTrax

== Tallafi ==
Saudia ta dauki nauyin tawagar Williams Formula One daga shekara ta  1977 zuwa shekara ta 1984. A wannan lokacin Williams zai lashe Gasar Gine-gine biyu da Gasar Direba biyu tare da Alan Jones da Keke Rosberg .

Saudia ta kasance babban mai daukar nauyin a shekara ta 2018 da 2019 Diriyah ePrix . Su ne kamfanin jirgin sama na Formula E, tare da daya daga cikin jiragen su, Boeing 777-300ER, fentin a cikin wani nau'i na musamman wanda ke nuna alamar gaggafa tare da motar Spark SRT05e Gen2 a baya.

== Wuraren ==

=== Yarjejeniyar Codeshare ===
Saudia tana da yarjejeniyar codeshare tare da abokan aikin SkyTeam kuma tare da kamfanonin jiragen sama masu zuwa: 

== Jirgin ruwa ==

=== Jirgin ruwa na yanzu ===



, the Saudia fleet consists of the following aircraft including its passenger and cargo fleet:


=== Jirgin ruwa na tarihi ===





Saudia a da tana sarrafa jiragen sama kamar haka: 

=== Sauran jiragen sama ===


Saudia Special Flight Services, VIP flights, Private Aviation suna aiki kamar haka, wanda yawancinsu ke motsa jikin jirgin.

Bugu da ƙari, Saudia Royal Flight division yana aiki da manyan jiragen gwamnati da na gidan sarauta a ƙarƙashin lambar jirgin Saudia da tsarin launi (sai dai jirgi ɗaya), waɗannan sun haɗa da.

Wasu jiragen C-130 na soja kuma an yi musu fenti da launukan Saudia kuma ma'aikatan Sojojin Sama na Royal Saudi Air Force ne ke jigilar su don tallafawa ayyukan Saudiyya a yankin da Turai. Tun da 2017 masu haɓakawa ta hannu guda biyu (TEC Hünert MFT 500-01  ) suna tafiya tare da Sarki kuma ana jigilar su ta jirgin sama daban. 

== Ayyukan cikin jirgin ==
Mujallar inflight ta Saudia ana kiranta *Ahlan Wasahlan'' (  "Sannu da zuwa"). Ba a ba da abin sha  ko naman alade a cikin jirgin daidai da dokokin abinci na Musulunci . Jiragen da aka zaɓa Airbus A330-300 da Boeing 777-300ER suna sanye da Wi-Fi da hanyar sadarwar wayar hannu a cikin jirgin. Yawancin jiragen sama kuma suna ba da wuraren addu'o'i na musamman a kan jirgin kuma ana kunna rikodin addu'a kafin tashinsa. 

## Hatsari da hadura

* On 25 September 1959, a Saudia Douglas DC-4/C-54A-5-DO (registration HZ-AAF), performed a belly landing shortly after take-off from the old Jeddah Airport. The cause of the accident was gust locks not deactivated by the mechanic, followed by a stall. All 67 passengers and 5 crew survived.
* On 9 February 1968, a Douglas C-47 (reg. HZ-AAE) was damaged beyond economic repair at an unknown location.
* On 10 November 1970, a Douglas DC-3 on a flight from Amman Civil Airport, Jordan to King Khalid International Airport, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia was hijacked and diverted to Damascus Airport, Syria.
* On 11 July 1972, a Douglas C-47B (reg. HZ-AAK) was damaged beyond economic repair in an accident at Tabuk Airport.
* On 2 January 1976, Saudia Flight 5130, a McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30CF, leased from ONA undershot the runway at Istanbul, Turkey, crash landed, tearing off the #1 engine and causing the left wing to catch fire. All passengers and crew evacuated safely. The aircraft was written off.
* On 19 August 1980, Saudia Flight 163, a Lockheed L-1011-200 TriStar (HZ-AHK), operating Karachi-Riyadh-Jeddah, was completely destroyed by fire at Riyadh airport with the loss of all 301 people on board due to delays in evacuating the aircraft. This was the deadliest accident experienced by Saudia until 312 were killed in the loss of Flight 763 over 16 years later.
* On 22 December 1980, Saudia Flight 162, a Lockheed L-1011-200 TriStar, operating Dhahran to Karachi, experienced an explosive decompression, penetrating the passenger cabin. The hole sucked out two passengers and depressurized the cabin.
* On 5 April 1984, a Saudia Lockheed L-1011 TriStar on final approach to Damascus from Jeddah was hijacked by a Syrian national. The hijacker demanded to be taken to Istanbul, Turkey but changed his mind and requested to go to Stockholm, Sweden. After landing in Istanbul to refuel, the hijacker was arrested after the pilot pushed him out of the emergency exit.
* On 12 November 1996, a Saudia Boeing 747-100B (HZ-AIH), operating flight 763, was involved in the 1996 Charkhi Dadri mid-air collision. The aircraft was on its way from New Delhi, India, to Dhahran, Saudi Arabia when a Kazakhstan Airlines Ilyushin Il-76 (UN-76435) collided with it over the village of Charkhi Dadri, some miles west of New Delhi. Flight 763 was carrying 312 people, all of whom, along with 37 more on the Kazakh aircraft, died, for a grand total of 349 fatalities. The loss of Flight 763 alone remains Saudia's worst accident in terms of fatalities. The accident overall also remains the world's deadliest mid-air collision.
* On 14, October 2000, Saudia Flight 115, flying from Jeddah to London was hijacked en route by two men who claimed they were armed with explosives. The hijackers commandeered the Boeing 777-200ER (HZ-AKH) to Baghdad, Iraq, where all 90 passengers and 15 crew members were safely released. The two hijackers, identified as Lieutenant Faisal Naji Hamoud Al-Bilawi and First Lieutenant Ayesh Ali Hussein Al-Fareedi, both Saudi citizens, were arrested and later extradited to Saudi Arabia in 2003.
* On 23 August 2001, at Kuala Lumpur International Airport, Malaysia, a Boeing 747-300 (reg. HZ-AIO) suffered nose damage as it entered a monsoon drainage ditch while it was being taxied by maintenance staff from the hangar to the gate before a return flight to Saudi Arabia. None of the six crew members on board at the time were injured, but the aircraft was written off.
* On 8 September 2005, a Boeing 747 traveling from Colombo to Jeddah, carrying mostly Sri Lankan nationals to take up employment in the Kingdom, received a false alarm claiming that a bomb had been planted on board. The aircraft returned to Colombo. During the evacuation, there was a passenger stampede in the wake of which one Sri Lankan woman died, 62 were injured, and 17 were hospitalized. The aircraft had taken on a load of 420 passengers in Colombo. According to the Civil Aviation Authority of Sri Lanka, the probable cause was a "Breakdown of timely and effective communication amongst Aerodrome Controller and Ground Handling (SriLankan Airlines) personnel had prevented a timely dispatch of the stepladders to the aircraft to deplane the passengers in a timely manner, which resulted in the Pilot-In-Command to order an emergency evacuation of the passengers through slides after being alarmed by the bomb threat."
* On 25 May 2008, an Air Atlanta Icelandic aircraft operating for Saudia as Flight 810 (TF-ARS) from Prince Mohammad Bin Abdulaziz Airport, Madinah made an unscheduled landing at Zia International Airport (now Shahjalal International Airport), Dhaka. During the roll the tower controller reported that he saw a fire on the right hand wing. Upon vacating the runway, the crew received a fire indication for engine number three. The fire extinguisher was activated and all engines were shut down. The aircraft, a Boeing 747-357, which was damaged beyond repair, was successfully evacuated. Only minor injuries were incurred. Investigations revealed a fuel leak where the fuel enters the front spar for engine number three.
* On 5 January 2014, a leased Boeing 767 operating under Saudia was forced to make an emergency landing at Prince Mohammad bin Abdulaziz Airport in Medina after landing gear failed to deploy. 29 people were injured in the incident.
* On 5 August 2014, a Boeing 747-400 (reg. HZ-AIX) operating as flight 871 from Manila to Riyadh veered off the runway 24 of Ninoy Aquino International Airport in Manila while positioning for takeoff. No one on the plane or on ground were injured.
* On April 11, 2017, Saudi Airlines was at the center of controversy when the airline allowed Dina Ali Lasloom to be forced onto a flight from Manila to Riyadh. Lasloom was attempting to seek asylum in Australia however was detained in Manila. An airline security official told Human Rights Watch that he saw two airline security officials and three apparently Middle Eastern men enter the hotel and go to her room, which he said was near the lobby. He said he heard her screaming and begging for help from her room, after which he saw them carry her out with duct tape on her mouth, feet, and hands. He said she was still struggling to break free when he saw them put her in a wheelchair and take her out of the hotel. The pilots and crew of which were reportedly aware and supportive of Lasloom being returned to Riyadh against her will, siding heavily with her uncles. Passengers in route to Riyadh began reporting on social media that there was a hostage aboard, prompting the governments of Oman and Qatar to refuse the aircraft passage through their airspace. While only confirmed to confidential sources and not officially verified, this is supported by flight path records, which show an abrupt change in direction and trajectory to avoid the airspace of Oman and Qatar.
* On 21 May 2018, an Onur Air–leased Airbus A330-200 (reg TC-OCH), operating as flight 3818 from Medina to Dhaka, was diverted to Jeddah after suffering a malfunction with the nose landing gear. It was forced to make a belly landing. No injuries were reported.

## Duba kuma

* Amaala International Airport
* Sarki Abdulaziz International Airport
* Saudi Vision 2030

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* 
* "Saudi Arabian Airlines: Jewel na Gabas ta Tsakiya", Boeing