Canjin yanayi a Greenland

**Canjin yanayi a [[Greenland]]** yana shafar rayuwar mutanen Greenland. A fannin ƙasa Greenland tana tsakanin Arctic da Tekun Atlantika, tare da kashi biyu bisa uku na tsibirin da ke arewacin Arctic Circle .  Tun daga tsakiyar karni na 20, Arctic yana dumama kusan sau biyu na duniya. Hawan yanayin zafi yana sanya matsin lamba a kan wasu nau'ikan shuke-shuke da bishiyoyi  kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga narkewar kankara na Greenland.  Wannan yana shafar kuma yana canza rayuwar Jama'ar Greenland, musamman Inuit na Greenlandic.  Baya ga raguwar tarin kifi, yanayin ƙasar yana canzawa: kankara mai narkewa yana nuna ma'adanai, mai da iskar gas. Wannan ya jawo hankalin masu saka hannun jari na cikin gida da na kasashen waje don yiwuwar fitar da albarkatu. Yayinda sabbin masana'antu ke tare da sabbin damar aiki da wadata mai yuwuwa, salon rayuwa yana canzawa. Greenland tana cikin canji, dangane da yanayin halittu da al'adu da zamantakewa.

## Tasirin yanayi

### Yanayin zafi da sauye-sauyen yanayi
 
Tun daga tsakiyar karni na 20, Arctic yana dumama kusan sau biyu na duniya. Hawan yanayin zafi yana sanya matsin lamba a kan wasu nau'ikan shuke-shuke da bishiyoyi  kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga narkewar kankara na Greenland. 

### Hawan matakin teku
Saboda wurin da yake da shi da kuma yanayin yanayi na duniya kamar Arewacin Atlantic Oscillation da aikin dutsen wuta,  Greenland yana fuskantar manyan matakan canji a cikin yanayin halitta.  Yankin kankara na Greenland shine na biyu mafi girma a duniya. Sakamakon haka, narkewarsa tana da tasiri sosai a duniya. A cewar Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Turai "rashin kankara daga Greenland daga 1992 zuwa 2015 ya kasance 3 600 Gt (Gigatonnes) kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga hauhawar matakin teku na duniya da kusan 10 mm. "  Rashin Greenland a kan 2009-2018 mai yiwuwa ya fi sau bakwai fiye da 1992-2001.  Da ake tsammani dumama teku da kuma hauhawar matakin teku  ya haifar da Rushewar bakin teku, narkewar permafrost da raguwar kaurin kankara.  Yankunan da suka fi tasiri a Greenland sune wadanda ke da yawan jama'a.

## Tasirin da aka yi wa mutane

### Tasirin Tattalin Arziki

A watan Yulin 2017, yawan mutanen Greenland ya kai 57,713. Ana sa ran wannan adadin zai ragu zuwa 54,800 nan da shekara ta 2030. A tarihi, motsi na mutane da canjin yanayin zamantakewa ba sabon abu ba ne ga Greenlanders. Canje-canje da aka yi rikodin sun samo asali ne daga binciken albarkatu (misali hatimi da cod). A farkon karni na 21, canjin yanayi yana da tasirin da ba a taɓa gani ba a Greenland .  Ruwan kankara mai narkewa yana ba da damar samun sauƙin mai, iskar gas da ma'adanai, wanda amfani da shi ke haifar da sabbin damar tattalin arziki. Wannan yiwuwar sabbin ayyuka, sayen ikon, sabbin hanyoyin sufuri da yiwuwar shiga cikin tsarin kasuwar duniya suna da alaƙa da yiwuwar samun 'yancin kai daga Denmark. Sanya damper a kan kyakkyawan fata da aka nuna a baya, sauye-sauyen kasuwannin kayayyaki na duniya suma suna haifar da barazanar da za su iya haifar da.

Baya ga yiwuwar ci gaban yawon bude ido wanda ya zo tare da ƙalubale da yawa, a kudancin Greenland narkewar kankara tana ba da ƙarin damar kiwo ga manoma. Koyaya, akwai kuma tsoro musamman tsakanin ƙananan ƙauyuka waɗanda suka dogara da farauta da kamun kifi (musamman al'ummomin Inuit), cewa canjin yanayi zai ba da gudummawa ga ƙarshen salon rayuwarsu ta gargajiya.

#### Masana'antar hakar ma'adinai
Ko da yake ya zama mai cin gashin kansa, Greenland ya kasance yana dogara da Masarautar Denmark tun lokacin da aka mallake shi a 1721. A shekara ta 1979, an kafa Gwamnatin Gida a Greenland. Ya sami ƙarin haƙƙoƙi a shekara ta 2009, wanda ya motsa Greenland zuwa mulkin kai. Gwamnati ta dogara da kudi a kan Denmark wanda ke samar da kashi 60% na kudaden shiga na shekara-shekara na Greenland. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen ƙasar shine tabbatar da salon rayuwar zamani da aka gabatar da farko ta hanyar hanyoyin masana'antu kuma ya haifar da kamun kifi mai zurfi yayin neman samar da wadatar tattalin arziki da ci gaba da 'yancin kai. Saboda wannan dalili ne ko kuma sha'awar kawar da tallafin kudi na Denmark gaba ɗaya cewa Gwamnatin Gida tana tallafawa sosai har ma tana inganta damar da ke tasowa a masana'antar hakar ma. Binciken Geological na Amurka ya kiyasta jimlar ganga biliyan 141 na hydrocarbons (kimanin 13% na man da ba a gano ba a duniya da 30% na iskar gas da ba a samo ba) da za a gudanar da su a ƙarƙashin farfajiyar Greenlandic. A shekara ta 2009, Gwamnatin Greenlandic ta wallafa wani kimantawa na rayuwa don samar da aluminum a cikin Alcoa smelter. An shirya gina ginin aluminum a garin Maniitsoq .  Bugu da kari, a cikin 2013 gwamnati ta yanke shawarar ɗaga haramcin kan hakar ma'adanai masu rediyo kamar uranium.

## Dubi kuma

* Yanayin ƙasar Greenland
* Canjin yanayi a cikin Arctic

## Haɗin waje

* Cibiyar Kula da Albarkatun Halitta  An adana 2018-07-02 a 
* Cibiyar Binciken Yanayi
* Shirin Kulawa da Bincike na Arctic

## Manazarta