Dokar Najeriya

**Dokar Nijeriya ta** ƙunshi kotuna, laifuka, da nau'ikan dokoki daban-daban. Nijeriya tana da nata kundin tsarin mulki wanda aka kafa a ranar 29 ga Mayun shekara ta 1999. Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Najeriya shine babbar dokar ƙasar. Akwai hudu jinsin doka da tsarin a Najeriya, da suka hada da Turanci dokar, Common dokar, m dokar, kuma Sharia Law. Dokar Ingilishi a Najeriya ta samo asali ne daga mulkin mallaka na Najeriya, yayin da dokar gama gari ci gaba ce daga samun 'yancinta na mulkin mallaka. 

Dokar Al'adar ta samo asali ne daga ƙa'idodi da al'adun gargajiya na asali, gami da tarurrukan sasanta rikice-rikice na ƙungiyoyin ɓoye na ƙasar Yarbawa kafin mulkin mallaka da Èkpè da Okónkò na Igboland da Ibibioland . Dokokin Sharia *(wanda aka fi sani da Shari'ar Musulunci)* ana amfani da shi ne kawai a Arewacin Nijeriya, inda Islama ke da fifikon addini . Musulmai ma suna amfani dashi a cikin jihar Legas. Ƙasar tana da reshe na shari'a, babbar kotun ta ita ce Kotun Ƙoli ta Najeriya . 

* Dokar **Laifuka ta Najeriya** a halin yanzu itace babi na 77 na dokokin tarayyar Najeriya a shekara ta 1990; ya shafi jihohin kudu ne kawai, jihohin da Kiristoci suka mamaye tun daga shekarar 1963. Ya samo asali ne daga lambar mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya da Babban Kwamishina Frederick Lugard ya gabatar, na farko Baron Lugard a cikin shekara ta 1904, ya zama Dokar Laifuka ta 1916, an sanya ta a matsayin babi na 42 a cikin Dokokin Tarayyar Nijeriya na shekara ta 1958; har zuwa shekara ta 1959 kawai ya shafi jihohin arewacin Najeriya, amma tun daga shekara ta 1963 kawai ya shafi jihohin kudancin Najeriya. 
* **Dokar hukunta laifuka ta Najeriya, wacce** aka fi sani da **Penal Code na Arewacin Najeriya**, a halin yanzu babi na 89 ne na Dokokin Arewacin Najeriya na shekara ta 1963; ya shafi jihohin arewa ne kawai, waɗanda musulmai suka fi rinjaye tun daga 1960. Tun asali an gabatar da shi ne a ranar 30 ga Satumbar shekara ta 1960, wanda aka samo daga Kundin Tsarin Hukunci na Sudan, wanda shi kuma ya samo asali daga Dokar Hukunci ta Indiya . 

## Matsayi na Tsarin Dokar Najeriya
Tsarin mulkin Nijeriya ya amince da kotuna a matsayin kotunan Tarayya ko na Jiha. Bambancin farko tsakanin su shine Shugaban ƙasa yana nada alkalai / alkalai a kotunan tarayya, yayin da Gwamnonin Jihohi ke nada alkalai a kotunan jihohi. Duk naɗin da aka yi (na tarayya ne ko na jiha) sun dogara ne da shawarwarin Majalisar Kula da Harkokin Shari'a ta Ƙasa .

Kotunan Tarayya sune: Kotun Ƙoli, Kotun Daukaka Kara da kuma Babbar Kotun Tarayya.

Kotunan Jihohi sun haɗa da: Babbar Kotun Jiha, Kotun daukaka ƙara ta gargajiya da wata Kotun daukaka kara ta wata Jiha. Kowane ɗayan jihohin (a halin yanzu talatin da shida) yana da izinin tsarin mulki ya mallaki duk waɗannan kotunan. Koyaya, jihohin arewacin musulmai akasari suna da kotunan Shari'a maimakon kotunan Al'adu. Jihohin kudu maso kudu wadanda galibinsu mabiya addinin kirista ne suna da kotunan Al'adu ba kotunan Shari'a ba.

Saboda kasancewar babban birnin Najeriya (wanda aka fi sani da gari mai farin ciki ko Babban Birnin Tarayya, FCT) ba jiha bane, bashi da Gwamna. Kotunan da suke dai-dai da kotunan jihohi suna da Shugaban ƙasa ya naɗa Alƙalai don haka kotunan tarayya ne. Kotunan babban birnin tarayya sune: Babbar Kotun FCT, Kotun daukaka kara ta Al'adar na FCT da Kotun ɗaukaka ƙara ta Shari'a ta FCT

### Tier 1 Kotun: Kotun Ƙoli
Kotun Ƙoli ta Najeriya ita ce babbar kotu a Najeriya. An kafa shi ne a babban birnin tarayya, Abuja . Kotun Koli ne yafi wani kotu na kotun ɗaukaka ƙara, kuma shi ne ƙarshe roko kotu a kasar.  Hakanan yana da ikon asali a cikin vs. Jiha da Jvs. Shari'o'in Gwamnatin Tarayya. Kotun ƙoli tana ƙarƙashin jagorancin wani Alkalin Alkalai wanda wasu Alƙalai ke taimaka masa. Nadin Babban Alkalin Alkalai da Alkalai na bukatar tabbatarwa da Majalisar Dattawa.

### Tier 2 Kotun: Kotun ɗaukaka ƙara
Kotun daukaka kara na  gaba ita ce Kotun daukaka kara, a Abuja. Koyaya, don kusantar da adalci ga mutane, Kotun ɗaukaka ƙara tana da rarrabuwa da yawa (a halin yanzu goma sha shida) a sassa daban-daban na ƙasar. Shugaban Kotun Ɗaukaka Ƙara yana da taken Shugaban Kotun Daukaka Kara. Alkalai ne ke taimaka masa / ta. Nadin Shugaban Kotun daukaka kara ne kawai ke bukatar tabbatar da Majalisar Dattawa.

Kotun ɗaukaka ƙara ne yafi wani kotu na kotun] aukaka} iko, duk da haka shi yana da asali iko ga shugaban ƙasa da kuma mataimakin-zaɓen shugaban kasa koke-koke. Kotun ɗaukaka ƙara ta Tarayya ita ce inda tsarin shari'a da yawa (Ingilishi, Al'adu da Sharia) na Najeriya suka hadu. An tsarin mulkin kasar da ake bukata a yi a kalla uku Mahukunta wanda suke masana a al'ada da doka da akalla uku Mahukunta wanda suke masana a Musulunci **sirri** dokar.

Ana iya ɗaukaka ƙara kan hukuncin daga kotu na 2, zuwa Kotun Ƙoli.

### Kotuna na Tier 3
Ƙasa da Kotun Ɗaukaka Ƙara na Tarayya su ne kotuna na uku. Sun haɗa da: (1) Babbar Kotun Tarayya da (2) Babbar Kotun koli ta wata e / FCT, (3) Kotun daukaka kara ta Gargajiya ta wata jiha / FCT da (4) Kotun ɗaukaka ƙara ta Shari'a ta wata jiha / Babban birnin tarayya 

Babbar Kotun Tarayya  tana Abuja. Domin kusantar da adalci ga mutane yana da rarrabuwa a cikin kowace jihohi talatin da shida na ƙasar. Babbar Kotun Tarayya gaba daya kotu ce ta asalin iko . Koyaya, tana da ikon ɗaukaka ƙara daga kotuna kamar su Kotun Roko na Haraji . Babban Alkali ne ke jagorantar ta wanda wasu Alkalai ke taimaka masa.

Babbar Kotun jihar / FCT ita ce babbar kotun shari'a ta Ingilishi a cikin wata ƙasa ko FCT. Babbar Kotun jihar / FCT da Babban Kotun Tarayya suna da iko iri ɗaya. Dangane da cewa akwai rarrabuwa a babbar kotun tarayya a kowace jiha kuma kowacce jiha tana da nata Babbar Kotun, yawanci ana samun rudani game da wace kotu ce. Misali, a cikin jihar Legas, akwai Babbar Kotun Tarayya, Lagos da wata Babbar Kotun ta Legas (wani lokacin ana kiranta da Babban Kotun Jihar Legas). Babban Alkali ne ke jagorantar sa wanda wasu Alkalai ke taimaka masa.

Kotun Ɗaukaka Ƙara ta Al'adu ta wata Jiha / FCT ita ce mafi girman kotun shari'ar Al'adu a cikin wata Jiha / FCT. Alkalin ne ke jagorantar sa wanda yake da taken: Shugaban Kotun daukaka kara ta Al`ada na jihar / FCT kuma wasu Alkalai suna taimaka masa. 

Kotun daukaka kara  na Shari'a na wata jiha / FCT ita ce kotun shari'ar Musulunci mafi girma a cikin wata jiha / FCT. Wata babbar Khadi ce ke jagorantarta wacce wasu Khadis ke taimaka mata.  

Ana iya daukaka kara kan hukunce-hukuncen daga kotuna na 3 zuwa kotun ta 2 (Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Tarayya). 

### Kotuna na Tier 4: Kotunan Jiha
Kananan kotuna a kasar duk kotunan jihohi ne (babu kotun tarayya a cikin wannan kungiyar). Sun hada da (i) Kotunan Majistare da ke daukar kararrakin shari’ar Turanci (ii) Kotunan Gargajiya da ke kula da shari’o’in Gargajiya da (iii) Kotunan Sharia da ke kula da Shari’a. 

Ana iya daukaka kara daga kotuna na 4 kawai zuwa manyan kotuna na uku (misali hukunce-hukunce daga Kotun Magistrates ta Ingila za a iya daukaka kara ne kawai zuwa kotun doka ta Ingilishi ta uku (Babban Kotun jihar / FCT).  

### Sauran Kotuna
Akwai kotunan zabe guda biyu wadanda suka hada da: (1) Kotunan zaben majalisar kasa da ke kula da korafe-korafe daga zaben Majalisar Dattawa da na Wakilai da (2) Gwamna da Kotunan Zabe na Yan Majalisu wadanda ke magance kararraki daga Gubernatorial da Majalisar Dokokin Jiha zabe. Shugaban Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Tarayya ne ya kafa kotunan zaben tare da tuntubar manyan Alkalan manyan kotunan jihohi, Shugabannin Kotunan Alkalai na Gargajiya na jihohin da / ko Grand Khadis na Kotunan daukaka kara na Sharia na jihohin. 

#### Code of ምግባር Kotun
An kafa Kotun Codea'idar byabi'a ta Chaptera'idar C15 Code of Conduct Bureau da kuma Dokar Kotun, mai lamba 1 na shekara ta 1989 Dokokin Tarayyar Najeriya, 2004 tare da ranar da za a fara 1 Janairun shekara ta 1991, wanda "ya tanadi kafa dokar Gudanar da Ofishin da Kotun don magance korafe-korafen na cin hanci da rashawa da ma’aikatan gwamnati ke yi saboda karya dokokin ta. 

Kotun Code of Conduct Tribunal (CCT) za ta kunshi shugaba da wasu mambobi biyu, wadanda shugaban su zai kasance mutumin da ya rike ko ya cancanci rike mukamin a matsayin Alkalin babban kotun daukaka kara a Najeriya kuma zai samu irin wannan ladar kamar doka zata iya bada umarni. Shugaban da sauran mambobin Kotun za a nada su ne bisa Shugabancin Majalisar Shawara ta Kasa. Wa'adin ofishin shugaban CCT da membobinsa zai kare idan ya cika shekaru saba'in. 

Ba za a cire mutumin da ke rike da mukamin shugaba ko memba na Kotun Code of Conduct Tribunal daga ofishin sa ko nadin sa ba sai a kan adireshin da ya goyi bayan kashi biyu cikin uku na kowace Majalisar Dokoki ta Nijeriya ta yi addu’ar ya zama don haka an cire shi saboda rashin iya gudanar da ayyukan ofis din da ake magana akai (ko hakan ya samo asali ne daga rashin lafiyar hankali ko jiki) ko don rashin da'a ko kuma keta dokar. Ba za a cire mutumin da ke rike da mukamin shugaba ko memba na Kotun ba daga mukaminsa kafin ya yi ritaya, sai dai bisa tanadin sashin dokar. 

Ana iya ɗaukaka hukunci daga Kotun  duabi'a zuwa kotun ta 2 (Kotun ɗaukaka ƙara ta Tarayya).

## Sharia
**[[Shari'a|Sharia]]** *(wanda aka fi sani da *'shari'ar Islama** )'' doka ce da ake amfani da ita a arewacin musulmin kasar.  Shari'a, ma'ana "hanya" ko "hanya" a cikin dokar addini ta Musulunci,  ta kasance a Nijeriya na dogon lokaci. ''Dokar shari’ar farar hula'' an sanya ta a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Nijeriya daban-daban tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai. Tsarin mulki na kwanan nan ya fara aiki a cikin shekara ta 1999. Bayan dawowar kasar ga mulkin demokradiyya a shekara ta 1999, wasu daga cikin jihohin arewacin kasar wadanda galibinsu musulmai ne suka kafa ''cikakkiyar'' shari'ar musulunci (mai laifi da na farar hula).  An fara amfani da ''cikakkiyar'' [[Zamfara|shari'ar musulunci a Zamfara]] a karshen shekara ta 1999 kuma dokar ta fara aiki a watan Janairun 2000. Tun daga wannan lokacin wasu jihohi goma sha daya suka bi sahu. Wadannan jihohin sune [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Borno]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Jigawa]], [[Yobe]], da [[Kebbi]] . 

== Jerin ayyuka da hukunce-hukunce ==
Mai zuwa jerin dokoki da ayyukan da Majalisar Kasa ta ƙirƙira sune kamar haka:

=== Ayyukan Majalisar Kasa ===

* Dokokin Dokokin Canji [http://www.commonlii.org/ng/legis/num_act/boe127/] (1917)
* ''Dokar Dokar Wutar Lantarki 1929.''
* Dokar Anatomy [http://www.commonlii.org/ng/legis/num_act/ajd267/] (1933)
* ''Kamfanin Wutar Lantarki na Dokar Nijeriya 1950.'' A'a. 15.
* Dokar Tabbatar da Ayyuka [http://www.commonlii.org/ng/legis/num_act/aa185/] (1962)
* ''Dokar Niger Dams ta 1962.''
* ''Dokar Hukumar Wutar Lantarki ta Kasa Dokar 1972.'' A'a 24.
* Dokar Fatarar Kuɗi [http://www.commonlii.org/ng/legis/num_act/b121/] (1979)
* ''Hukumar Makamashi ta Najeriya ta yanke hukunci 1989.'' A'a. 19
* ''Dokar Hukumar Makamashi ta Najeriya Dokar 1988.'' Babu 32
* ''Dokar wutar lantarki 1990''
* ''Dokar Hukumar Wutar Lantarki ta Kasa (NEPA) ta Dokar 1990.''
* Dokar sasantawa da sulhu [http://www.commonlii.org/ng/legis/num_act/aac244/] (1998)
* ''Dokar Hukumar Wutar Lantarki ta Kasa (Kwaskwarimar) Dokar 1998.'' A'a 29.

**Majalisa ta 4: 1999 - 2003**

* Tsarin mulkin tarayyar Najeriya 1999 
* Dokar Code of Criminal [http://www.commonlii.org/ng/legis/num_act/cca115/]
* Dokar Penal Code
* Dokar 'Yancin Yara na 2003
* ''Dokar Hukumar Wutar Lantarki ta Kasa ta 2004.''
* ''Dokar Sashin wutar lantarki (EPSR) Dokar 2005.'' A'a. 6.

**Majalisa ta 5th: 2003 - 2007**

* Dokar Hukumar Raya kungiyoyin orderasashe orderungiyoyi, 2003


**8th Parliament: 2015 - 2019'''
*   Trafficking in Persons (Prohibition), (Enforcement And Administration) Act, 2015

### Dokokin Gwamnatin Soja ta Tarayya

* Hukumar Makamashi ta Najeriya ta zartar da hukunci 1979. No. 62
* Wutar lantarki (Kwaskwarima) Dokar 1998.
* NEPA (Kwaskwarimar) Dokar 1998.
* Dokar Bayar da Kasuwanci da Kasuwanci na 1988. A'a. 25.
* Gudanar da Hukumar Shari'a ta Yanke 1991 (Babu 55) http://www.commonlii.org/ng/legis/num_act/aojcd404/
* Dokar ikon zartar da hukunci a 1991 (Babu 59) http://www.commonlii.org/ng/legis/num_act/ajd267/
* Bankuna da Sauran Cibiyoyin Kudi Sun zartar da hukuncin 1991 http://www.commonlii.org/ng/legis/num_act/baofid390/
* Babban Dokar Babban Bankin Najeriya 1991 http://www.commonlii.org/ng/legis/num_act/cbond199/ (Babu 24)
* Dokar Yankin Tattalin Arziki na Musamman.
* Dokar Amfani da 197asa ta 1978
* Dokar Man Fetur 1978.

## Horar da doka

* Duba Makarantar Koyon Doka ta Najeriya .
* Duba Jami'ar Benin
* Duba Jami'ar Abuja
* Duba Jami'ar Legas
* duba Jami'ar Ibadan
* duba Jami'ar Nijeriya, Nsukka
* duba Jami'ar Nnamdi Azikiwe
* duba Jami'ar Afe Babalola
* duba Jami'ar Maiduguri 
* duba Jami'ar Nile na Najeriya

## Laifi
Duba wadannan:

* Kai Hare-hare
* Baturi
* Rantsuwa
* Cin mutuncin addini

## Hanyoyin haɗin waje

* Albarkatun kan dokar Najeriya akan CommonLII
* Jagora ga Dokar Kan Layi - Najeriya daga Laburaren Majalisa

## Manazarta