Kwayar cutar Tsargiya

***Ƙwayar cutar tsargiya***  wata  nau'i ne na trematode digenetic, na cikin rukuni (genus) na jini ( *[[Schistosoma]]* ). Ana samunsa a Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya. ita ce game garin ƙwayar cutar iyalin  schistosomiasis, mafi yawan kamuwa da cutar parasitic a cikin mutane.  Shi kaɗai ne parasite na  jini wanda ke cutar da sashin fitsari, yana haifar da schistosomiasis na fitsari, kuma shi ne babban dalilin cutar kansar mafitsara (sai dai kusa da shan taba). ar  ne ke haifar da cututtuka.

Ana samun balagaggun ƙwayar cutar  a cikin venous plexuses a kusa da mafitsara na fitsari kuma ƙwai da aka saki suna tafiya zuwa bangon mafitsara na fitsari yana haifar da jini a cikin fitsari(Tsargiya) da fibrosis na mafitsara. Mafitsara ya kuma zama calcified, kuma ana samun karuwar matsa lamba akan ureters wanda akfi sani  da kuma aka sani da hydronephrosis. Tana sak kumburi na al'aura . Kumburi na al'aura saboda *Kwayr cutar t* nsargiya a iya taimakawa wajen yaduwar cutar HIV.  *S. haematobium* shine buguwar jini na farko da aka gano. Theodor Bilharz, wani Bajamushe likitan fiɗa da ke aiki a Alkahira, ya gano ƙwayar cuta a matsayin abin da ke haifar da kamuwa da urin a cikin 1851. Bayan mai binciken, kamuwa da cuta (gaba ɗaya ya haɗa da duk cututtukan schistosome) ana kiransa bilharzia ko bilharziasis.  Tare da sauran kwayoyin cututtuka irinsu  *[[Clonorchis sinensis]]* da *[[Opisthorchis viverrini]]*, *S. haematobium* an ayyana shi a matsayin rukuni na 1 (wanda aka tabbatar da shi sosai) carcinogens ta Hukumar Kula da Lafiya ta Duniya ta WHO don Bincike kan Ciwon daji (IARC) Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata akan Ƙididdigar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ga Mutane a 2009

## Tarihi.
An rubuta fitsarin jini ( Tsargiya ) ta Masar a cikin papyri shekaru 5,000, da suka wuce. Suka kira shi *Aaa* .  Rahoton kimiyya na farko shine Marc Armand Ruffer, likitan Birtaniya a Masar, a shekarar 1910. Ya gano ƙwa ɗaya daga mummies guda biyu, waɗanda aka yi kwanan watan kusan 1250-1000, BC.  An bayyana cutar mafi tsufa da aka sani zuwa yau ta amfani da ELISA, wanda ya wuce shekaru 5,000.  Tun da ba a san dalilin cutar ba, sojojin Napoleon a shekarar 1798, sun kira Masar a matsayin "ƙasar masu haila."  

A shekara ta 1851, Theodor Maximillian Bilharz, wani likitan Jamus a Asibitin Kasr el-Aini da ke birnin Alkahira ya farfaɗo da balagaggu daga wani soja da ya mutu. Ya sanya masa suna *Distomum haematobium*, don bakunansa guda biyu (yanzu ana kiransa ventral and oral suckers) da kuma mazaunin jijiyar jini.  Ya buga bayanin na yau da kullun a cikin shekarar 1852.  Halin halittar *Distomum* (a zahiri "mai-baki biyu") Carl Linnaeus ne ya ƙirƙira shi a cikin 1758, don duk ɓangarorin; don haka, ba takamaiman ba ne. Wani likitan Jamus Heinrich Meckel von Hemsbach ya gabatar da sabon suna *Bilharzia haematobium* a cikin shekarar 1856, don girmama mai binciken. Ya kuma gabatar da kalmar likita bilharzia ko bilharziasis don bayyana kamuwa da cuta.  von Hemsbach ba a sani ba, masanin dabbobin Jamus David Friedrich Weinland ya kafa sabuwar halittar *Schistosoma* a shekarar 1858. Bayan kusan karni na rikice-rikice na haraji, *Schistooma* ya inganta ta ICZN a 1954;  don haka inganta sunan *Schistosoma haematobium*

## Manazarta.