open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Jerin shafukan Superfund a Kentucky

Wannan **jerin wuraren Superfund ne a Kentucky** da aka ware a ƙarƙashin Dokar Muhalli Mai Cikakken Amsawa, Diyya, da Alhaki (CERCLA). Dokar tarayya ta CERCLA ta 1980 ta ba wa Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka (EPA) izinin ƙirƙirar jerin wuraren da suka gurɓata waɗanda ke buƙatar magani na dogon lokaci don tsaftace gurɓatattun abubuwa masu haɗari.  Waɗannan wurare ana kiransu wuraren Superfund, kuma an sanya su a cikin Jerin Fifiko na Ƙasa (NPL). NPL tana jagorantar EPA wajen "ƙayyade waɗanne wurare ne suka cancanci ƙarin bincike" don gyara muhalli .  Ya zuwa ranar 29 ga Nuwamba, 2010, akwai wurare 14 na Superfund a cikin Jerin Fifiko na Ƙasa a Kentucky .  A halin yanzu ba a ba da shawarar ƙarin shafuka don shiga cikin jerin ba.  An tsaftace wurare shida kuma an cire su daga jerin. 

## Shafukan Superfund

: 
: 

## Manazarta
Sunyani

**Sunyani** birni ne kuma babban birnin Gundumar Municipal ta Sunyani da kuma Yankin Bono na Ghana. Birnin yana da nisan  arewa maso yamma da Kumasi da kuma  nesa da Accra . Ita ce birni na shida mafi girma a ƙasar a ƙidayar jama'a ta 2010, tare da yawan jama'a 75,366. Ƙungiyoyin ƙabilu kamar Akan, Northerner, Ewe, da Ga-Adangbe sun zauna a birnin tare da wasu. Ya zuwa shekarar 2024, magajin garin shine Hon. Ansu Kumi.

Tattalin arzikin Sunyani galibi yana da noma, inda aka san birnin da yawan noman wake na koko . Birnin gida ne ga Daular Katolika ta Roman Katolika ta Sunyani wadda ke ƙarƙashin Bishop Matthew Kwasi Gyamfi . Sunyani kuma gida ne ga cibiyoyin ilimi da yawa, kamar Jami'ar Fasaha ta Sunyani da Jami'ar Makamashi da Albarkatun Ƙasa .

## Asalin Ma'anar
*Sunyani* gurɓataccen nau'i ne na kalmar Akan *Sonnwae* .  *Sunyani* ya fito ne daga kalmar Akan *Osono*, wanda ke nufin "giwaye". 

## Tarihi
A tarihi, Sunyani wuri ne mai shahararriyar sansani ga mafarauta giwaye a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19. A shekarar 1924, Turawan Birtaniya suka kafa hedikwatar gunduma a birnin, kuma da gina hanya tsakaninta da Kumasi, Sunyani ya zama cibiyar tattalin arziki. 

## Yanayin ƙasa
Sunyani tana a 07°20′N 02°20′W / 7.333°N 2.333°W / 7. 333; -2.333 (7.333333, -2.333333), kimanin mil 105 (169  kudu maso yammacin Kumasi da mil 300 (480  daga Accra. Birnin yana da matsakaicin tsawo na mita 308 (1,010 . 

### Yankin ƙaramar hukuma
Birnin yana cikin Gundumar Municipal ta Sunyani wadda ta mamaye fadin ƙasa na    . Karamar hukumar ta yi iyaka da Gundumar Sunyani ta Yamma daga arewa, Gundumar Dormaa ta Gabas zuwa yamma, Gundumar Asutifi ta Arewa daga kudu da kuma Gundumar Tano ta Arewa zuwa kudu maso gabas.  

## Manazarta
Hanyar Jirgin Ruwa ta Little River

**Hanyar Jirgin Ƙasa ta Little River** hanya ce ta keke da tafiya a Banks Peninsula a yankin Canterbury na Tsibirin Kudu na New Zealand .

## Wuri
Hanyar layin dogo ta yi amfani da hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta Little River Branch, wadda ta tashi daga wani mahadar da ke tsakaninta da Southbridge Reshen daga Hornby ta hanyar Lincoln zuwa Little River . Layin dogo ya rufe a ranar 30 ga Yuni 1962 kuma ginin ya kasance ba tare da wata matsala ba har zuwa farkon shekarun 2000, lokacin da aka kafa amintaccen gida don sake farfaɗo da shi don amfanin jama'a.

## Tarihin hanyar jirgin ƙasa
A ranar 28 ga Mayu 2006 aka buɗe sashin farko na hanyar jirgin ƙasa, tsakanin Motukarara da Catons Bay Reserve. Tun daga lokacin an faɗaɗa ta, da farko zuwa otal ɗin Little River, sannan zuwa Titin Wairewa Pa, kimanin kilomita 500&nbsp;kusa da tashar Little River da aka gyara, wadda ta adana tsoffin kekunan jigilar kaya na layin dogo na New Zealand da kuma cibiyar sana'o'i.

Sashe na biyu tsakanin Prebbleton da Lincoln (7)&nbsp;km) an buɗe shi a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 2006. Wannan ɓangaren hanya ce ta waje kusa da tsohon layin dogo wanda ke tafiya tare da Titin Birchs.

Sashe na uku tsakanin Hornby da Prebbleton (3.6)&nbsp;km) an buɗe shi a ranar 20 ga Satumba, 2009. Wannan ɓangaren hanya ce ta waje da ke kusa da Titin Shands da Titin Marshs. Tsakanin Titin Marshs da Titin Springs, hanyar tana cikin tsohon hanyar jirgin ƙasa. Don haka wannan faɗaɗawa ta haɗa da wani ɓangare na kafa Reshen Southbridge da aka rufe, domin wannan ita ce layin da ya haɗa Reshen Little River da Babban Layin Kudu a Hornby .

## Kyaututtuka
An ba wa Little River Railway Trail lambar yabo ta "Abokin Keke" a shekarar 2006 saboda mafi kyawun aikin gyaran keke a New Zealand ta hanyar Cycling Advocates' Network .

## Manazarta
Glenveagh

**Glenveagh** / glen - VAY; Irish : glen- Irish) shine wurin shakatawa na ƙasa na biyu mafi girma a duk ƙasar Ireland .  Yana cikin County Donegal, ya haɗa da: Gidan Glenveagh da filinsa; Lough Veagh ; da yawancin tsaunukan Derryveagh. Wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa a Ireland sun dace da ƙa'idodin IUCN.  Tun daga shekarar 2024, Glenveagh shine wurin shakatawa na ƙasa kaɗai a ko'ina a Ulster, lardin arewa a Ireland.

## Yanayin ƙasa
Wurin shakatawa yana da fadin murabba'in kilomita 170 kuma ya haɗa da yawancin tsaunukan Derryveagh, Lough Veagh da Gidan Glenveagh da ke bakin teku. Lambunan gidan sarauta suna nuna shuke-shuke masu ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa.

## Tarihi
Kyaftin John George Adair (1823–1885), wani ɗan kasuwa ɗan ƙasar Ingila-Irish, ya gina Gidan Glenveagh kuma ya kafa gidan Glenveagh. Adair ya shiga takaddama da masu hayarsa na Katolika na Irish kan haƙƙin farauta da kamun kifi da kuma hana tumaki shiga cikin hayyacinsu. A lokacin yunwar 1861, Adair ya kori iyalai 44 (jimillar mutane 224) daga gidajensu na baƙi a ƙasarsa, wanda hakan ya sa aka yi masa laƙabi da "Black Jack Adair".   

Gidan ya koma ga matarsa Cornelia Adair . Daga nan Arthur Kingsley Porter ya sayi gidan a shekarar 1929, kafin Henry Plumer McIlhenny ya saya a shekarar 1937. McIlhenny ya bar Glenveagh ga jihar Ireland a shekarun 1970, amma ya ci gaba da amfani da gidan a matsayin wurin zama na ɗan lokaci har zuwa 1982. 

## Manazarta
Hillcrest Christian College

**Kwalejin Kirista ta Hillcrest** makaranta ce ta Kirista mai zaman kanta da ke Reedy Creek, Gold Coast, Queensland, Ostiraliya.

Makarantar Kirista mai matsakaicin girma, mai ilimi tare, tana da kimanin ɗalibai 2300 da suka yi rajista a kowane zangon karatu tare da ɗalibai daga Pre-Prep zuwa Aji na 12. Akwai kuma Kula da Sa'o'in Makaranta na Kindy da na Waje a harabar jami'a. Kwalejin Kirista ta Hillcrest memba ce ta CSA (Kungiyar Makarantun Kirista), wacce ta ayyana makarantar a matsayin ƙungiya mai iko a cikin gida kuma ba ta neman riba ba. 

## Tarihi
Asalin Kwalejin Kirista ta Hillcrest za a iya samo asali ne daga Cocin Baptist na Palm Beach, wanda aka kafa a 1928, kuma cocin ya fara tsara manufofi don makarantar Kirista a shekarun 1970.  An buɗe Makarantar Al'umma ta Kirista ta Southern Gold Coast a filin Cocin Baptist na Palm Beach a 1982 tare da ɗalibai 37 kacal daga shekaru 1-7 kuma suna aiki a can har zuwa 1986 lokacin da makarantar ta koma Reedy Creek.  Daga nan aka sake wa makarantar suna Hillcrest Christian College kuma ta ci gaba da kasancewa da alaƙa ta kud da kud da Cocin Baptist na Palm Beach har sai da ta koma wani wuri kusa da makarantar kuma ta zama Cocin Baptist na Reedy Creek a 2001.

Makarantar tana da shugabanni guda huɗu tun lokacin da aka buɗe ta:

### Taylor (Rawaya)
Hudson Taylor (1832–1905) wani mai wa'azin Kirista ne ɗan Burtaniya mai ra'ayin Furotesta zuwa China kuma ya kafa Ofishin Jakadancin China Inland. A cikin shekaru 51 da ya yi a China, ya ɗauki nauyin kawo sama da masu wa'azi 800 zuwa China waɗanda suka buɗe makarantu 125. Taylor ya sami damar yin wa'azi a cikin harsunan Sinanci da dama, ciki har da Mandarin, Chaozhou da yarukan Wu na Shanghai da Ningbo. Ya yi amfani da waɗannan baiwar don shirya bugun Sabon Alkawari a rubuce. [1]

## Manazarta
Ƙungiyar Mata ta Jami'o'i ta Kasa

**Ƙungiyar Matan Jami'o'i ta Ƙasa (NAUW)**, wacce aka kafa a shekarar 1910, ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce ke da manufar "yin hidima ga mata, matasa, da marasa galihu a cikin al'ummominmu da kuma a ƙasashe masu tasowa ta hanyar magance matsalolin ilimi, da kuma yin haɗin gwiwa da ƙungiyoyi masu alaƙa."

## Tarihi
An kafa ƙungiyar a shekarar 1910 a Washington, DC, da sunan asali na **Kwalejin Ɗaliban Daliban.** Waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar su ne Mary Church Terrell, Nancy Fairfax Brown, Sara Winifred Brown, da Mary Cromwell.  

A shekarar 1923, an faɗaɗa ƙungiyar aka kuma sake mata suna zuwa **Ƙungiyar Mata ta Kwaleji ta Ƙasa** (NACW).  A shekarar 1974, ƙungiyar ta sabunta kundin tsarinta kuma aka sake mata suna zuwa Ƙungiyar Mata ta Jami'o'i ta Ƙasa (NAUW). 

Ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi mata 'yan Afirka da suka kammala karatun kwaleji da jami'a kuma tana da alaƙa da Majalisar Ƙasa ta Mata 'Yan Negro, Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ci Gaban Mutane Masu Launi, Asusun Kwalejin United Negro, Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ilimi, da kuma Majalisar Ilimi ta Amurka .   

## Shugabanni
Ga jerin shugabannin ƙungiyar tun daga shekarar 1910.

# Mary Church Terrell – 1910–1912 (a matsayin Kwalejin Ɗaliban Daliban da suka kammala karatu)
# Sara Winifred Brown – 1917–1919
# Lucy D. Slowe – 1924–1929 (shugaban farko na ƙungiyar a matsayin NACW)
# Juanita H. Thomas – 1929–1933
# Vivian J. Cook – 1933–1936
# Helen B. Grosley – 1936–1939
# Hilda A. Davis – 1939–1944 (ta yi wa'adi biyu ba tare da an yi ta a jere ba)
# Alice Taylor Chandler – 1944–1949
# Flemmie Kittrell – 1949–1951
# Inez B. Brewer – 1951–1953
# Thelma Taylor Williams – 1953–1957
# Hilda A. Davis – 1957–1961 (ta yi wa'adi biyu ba tare da an yi ta a jere ba)
# Lillian W. McDaniel – 1961–1965
# Portia C. Bullock – 1965–1969
# Odessa Wright Farrell – 1969–1974 (shugaban farko na ƙungiyar a matsayin NAUW)
# Margaret Una Poché - 1974-1978
# Nettie S. Manning – 1978–1982
# Rhebena T. Castleberry – 1982–1986
# Carrie A. Haynes – 1986–1990
# Ruth R. Corbin – 1990–1994
# Phyllis J. Eggleston – 1994–1998
# Ezora J. Proctor - 1998-2002
# Lenore Gall – 2002–2006
# Ollie Johnson – 2006–2010
# Dolores Y. Owens – 2010–2014
# Evelyn L. Wright – 2014–2018
# Mary E. Bentley LaMar – 2018–2022
# Betty W. Wilkerson – 2022–Yanzu

## Manazarta
Gidan shakatawa na Hell's Gate

**Wurin shakatawa na Hell's Gate National Park** wani wurin shakatawa ne na ƙasa da ke kusa da Tafkin Naivasha a Kenya . An sanya wa wurin suna ne bayan wani ɗan ƙaramin rami a cikin tsaunuka, wanda a da yake matsugunin wani tafki na zamanin da wanda ya ciyar da mutanen farko a Rift Valley . An kafa shi a shekarar 1984. Wurin shakatawa ya shahara saboda nau'ikan namun daji da kuma yanayinsa.  Wannan ya haɗa da Hasumiyar Fischer da ginshiƙan Hasumiyar Tsakiya da kuma Hell's Gate Gorge. Wurin shakatawa na ƙasa kuma gida ne ga tashoshin wutar lantarki guda biyar na geothermal a Olkaria . Wurin shakatawa yana da sansani guda uku na asali kuma ya haɗa da Cibiyar Al'adu ta Maasai, yana ba da ilimi game da al'adu da al'adun Maasai .

## Tarihi
An sanya wa wurin shakatawa na ƙasa na Hell's Gate suna ne bayan wani ƙaramin rami a cikin tsaunuka, wanda a da yake matsugunin wani tafki na tarihi wanda ya ciyar da mutanen farko a Rift Valley.  An ba shi sunan "Ƙofar Jahannama" ta hannun Gustav Fischer na Jamus da Joseph Thomson na Birtaniya a lokacin balaguron da suka yi a 1883. 

A farkon shekarun 1900, Dutsen Longonot ya fashe, kuma har yanzu ana iya jin tokar da ke kusa da Ƙofar Jahannama. 

## Yanayin ƙasa

Ƙofar Jahannama tana da faɗin    .  Wurin shakatawa yana da  sama da matakin teku.  Yana cikin Gundumar Nakuru, kusa da Tafkin Naivasha kuma kimanin  daga Nairobi .  Wurin shakatawa yana da nisan  bayan juyawa daga tsohuwar babbar hanyar Nairobi-Naivasha, kuma tana da yanayi mai dumi da bushewa.  Ana iya ganin Olkaria da Hobley's, duwatsu biyu masu aman wuta da suka mutu a wurin shakatawa, da kuma siffofin obsidian daga lawa mai sanyi da aka narke.  A cikin Ƙofar Jahannama akwai Kwarin Hells Gate, wanda aka lulluɓe da duwatsu ja waɗanda ke ɗauke da matosai biyu na aman wuta: Hasumiyar Fischer da Hasumiyar Tsakiya.  A bayan Hasumiyar Tsakiya akwai ƙaramin kwazazzabo wanda ya miƙe zuwa kudu, tare da hanyar da ke gangarowa zuwa maɓuɓɓugan ruwa masu zafi waɗanda ke da duwatsu masu zafi da za su iya haifar da ƙonewa, da ruwan sulfur. 

## Namun daji
Namun daji a wurin shakatawa na ƙasa sun haɗa da zakuna, damisa, da cheetahs .  Duk da haka, wurin shakatawa ya kasance muhimmin wuri ga ungulu masu gemu marasa yawa.  Akwai nau'ikan tsuntsaye sama da 103 a wurin shakatawa, ciki har da ungulu, gaggafa na Verreaux, buzzards na augur, da swifts .  Hyraxes,  baffan Afirka, zebras, elands, hartebeests, gazelles na Thomson, hyenas, da baboons suma sun zama ruwan dare.  Wurin shakatawa kuma gida ne ga ƙananan dabbobin klipspringer da ƙananan dabbobin Chanler's tsaunin reedbuck . 

## Manazarta
Keebra Park State High School

**Makarantar Sakandare ta Jihar Keebra Park** (KPSHS), wacce aka fi sani da **Keebra Park** ko **Keebra**, makarantar sakandare ce ta gwamnati mai haɗin gwiwa, wacce ke cikin yankin Gold Coast na Southport, Queensland, Ostiraliya. Makarantar tana cikin Sashe na 6 na majalisar Gold Coast. 

## Dalibai

### Matakan shekara
Makarantun sakandare na Queensland sun fara kula da aji na 7 don daidaita Queensland da sauran jihohi, a matsayin wani ɓangare na aiwatarwa a hukumance a cikin 2015 na shirin "Flying Start" na Anna Bligh na jihar baki ɗaya.[1] A matsayin wani ɓangare na gwajin 2013, wasu makarantu sun aiwatar da wannan sauyi da wuri. 2013 shine shekarar ƙarshe da Makarantar Sakandare ta Jihar Keebra Park ta ɗauki nauyin aji na 8 zuwa aji na 12 kawai. [2] :2Tun daga shekarar 2014, [3] :3Matakan shekarun da ake bayarwa a wannan makarantar a yanzu sune Aji 7 zuwa Aji 12. [4] :2

### Rijistar ɗalibai
A shekarar 2023, an ruwaito cewa Makarantar Sakandare ta Jihar Keebra Park tana da matsakaicin adadin ɗaliban da za su iya shiga makarantar.

## Manazarta
Darul Uloom Waqf Deoband

**Al-Jamia Al-Islamia **Darul Uloom Waqf** Deoband** (wanda aka fi sani da Darul U loom Waqf) madrasa ce da ke cikin garin Deoband na Indiya . Masana ne suka kafa shi karkashin jagorancin Muhammad Salim Qasmi da Anzar Shah Kashmiri a 1982 sakamakon rikice-rikicen gwamnati a Darul Uloom Deoband a cikin 1980-1982. Ya zuwa 2021, Muhammad Sufyan Qasmi shine shugabanta.

## Tarihi
A cikin 1980 da 1982, Darul Uloom Deoband ya fuskanci rikice-rikicen gudanarwa. Wadannan rikice-rikice sun haifar da rarrabuwa. Darul Uloom Deoband ya kasance a ƙarƙashin ikon Madanis, karkashin jagorancin Asad Madni, yayin da ɗayan ƙungiyar da Muhammad Salim Qasmi da Anzar Shah Kashmiri suka jagoranta suka kafa sabuwar madrassa da ake kira Darul U loom Waqf a cikin 1982. Muhammad Salim Qasmi shi ne shugabanta na farko. A ranar 3 ga Satumba 2014, kwamitin ba da shawara na Darul Uloom Waqf ya nada Muhammad Sufyan Qasmi a matsayin shugabanta.

Makarantar ta buga, *Nida'e Darul Uloom Waqf*, mujallar kowane wata a Urdu da *Wahdat al-Ummah*, mujallu ta Larabci ta shekara-shekara. Tana buga mujallar kwata-kwata a Turanci, mai suna, *Muryar Darul Uloom* . Tana da sashen bincike da ake kira Hujjatul Islam Academy .  An kafa makarantar ne don amsa kalubalen zamani da sauƙaƙe akidar da jawabin Qasim Nanawtawi. *Hayyat-i-Tayyib*, tarihin Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi yana daga cikin wallafe-wallafen farko, wanda Ghulam Nabi Kashmiri ya rubuta.

## Mujallu
Cibiyar tana buga mujallu uku: *Nida-e-Darul Uloom Waqf* na kowane wata a cikin Urdu, *Wahdat-ul-Ummah* na shekara-shekara ( ) a cikin Larabci, da kuma *Muryar Darul Uloom* ta kwata-kwata a Turanci. Shakaib Qasmi ne ke shirya waɗannan wallafe-wallafen kuma ana bayar da su a ƙarƙashin kulawar shugaban ma'aikatar.

## Dalibai

* Ghulam Nabi Kashmiri

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin madrasas na Deobandi

## Manazarta

### Bayani

### Ayyukan da aka ambata
 

## Ƙarin karantawa

*
Kwalejin Sakandare ta Jihar Foxwell

**Kwalejin Sakandare ta Jihar Foxwell** makarantar sakandare ce ta gwamnati mai cike da ilimi da ke Coomera a bakin tekun Gold Coast a Queensland, Ostiraliya. Makarantar tana da jimillar ɗalibai sama da 200, tare da ƙidayar ɗalibai 522 a hukumance a watan Agusta na 2021. Melanie Harth ce ke riƙe da matsayin makarantar a halin yanzu, an naɗa Kym Amor a matsayin Shugabar Gidauniyar makarantar a shekarar 2019. Makarantar kuma ta ƙunshi Mataimakan Shugabanni huɗu, Manajan Kasuwanci ɗaya, Shugaban Haɗaka ɗaya, Shugabannin Sashe biyar da Jami'in Jagora ɗaya.

## Kayan aiki
An kammala mataki na 1 na kayan aikin Kwalejin Sakandare ta Jihar Foxwell a ƙarƙashin haɓaka FKG Group da Universal Civil Contracting a watan Janairun 2020.  Waɗannan kayan aikin sun haɗa da azuzuwan Kimiyya, Fasaha, Injiniyanci da Lissafi (STEM), zauren wasanni masu amfani da yawa, cibiyar ilmantarwa da kuma filin wasan kwaikwayo mai iya zama kusan ɗalibai 200.

Mataki na 2 na cibiyoyin Kwalejin Sakandare ta Jihar Foxwell sun fara aiki a watan Disamba na 2020 a ƙarƙashin haɓaka FKG Group da Universal Civil Contracting. [undefined] [1] Waɗannan wurare sun ƙunshi cibiyar Fasaha ta Wasanni da kuma azuzuwan da suka haɗa da fannoni kamar Kimiyya, Baƙunci, Fasaha Mai Amfani da Fasaha da Zane na Manyan Fasaha da Zane. [2]

## Duba kuma

* Jerin makarantu a Gold Coast, Queensland
* Makarantar sakandare

## Manazarta
Pedro J. J. Alvarez

**Pedro JJ Alvarez** Farfesa ne na George R. Brown a fannin Injiniyan Farar Hula da Muhalli a Jami'ar Rice,  Houston, Amurka, inda ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Daraktan kafa Cibiyar Bincike ta Injiniya ta Gidauniyar Kimiyya ta Kasa kan Maganin Ruwa Mai Karfafa Nanotechnology (NEWT)  da kuma Daraktan Cibiyar Ruwa ta Shinkafa. 

Alvarez kuma yana aiki a kwamitin gudanarwa na Houston Endowment Inc  ., wanda gidauniya ce mai zaman kanta don inganta rayuwar mazauna babban birnin Houston. Abubuwan da yake sha'awa a kansu sun haɗa da tasirin muhalli da aikace-aikacen nanotechnology, bioremediation, ƙaddara da jigilar sinadarai masu guba, sawun ruwa na man fetur, maganin ruwa da sake amfani da shi, da kuma kula da juriyar maganin rigakafi. Farfesa Alvarez ya sami digirin B. Eng. a Injiniyan Farar Hula daga Jami'ar McGill da digirin MS da Ph.D. a Injiniyan Muhalli daga Jami'ar Michigan . Shi ne wanda ya lashe kyautar Athalie Richardson Irvine Clarke  saboda kyakkyawan bincike a kimiyyar ruwa da fasaha, kuma ya lashe babbar kyautar AAEES don ƙwarewa a Injiniyan Muhalli da Kimiyya.

## Sana'a
Alvarez ya yi aiki a Hukumar Ba da Shawara kan Kimiyya ta EPA [1] da Kwamitin Ba da Shawara kan Injiniya na Gidauniyar Kimiyya ta Ƙasa, [2] kuma Babban Editan Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Muhalli ne.

Alvarez farfesa ne mai daraja a Jami'ar Nankai, Jami'ar Zheijang, da Kwalejin Kimiyya ta kasar Sin, kuma farfesa a Jami'ar Tarayya de Santa Catarina a Florianopolis, Brazil.

## Kyauta da girmamawa

* An zaɓe shi a shekarar 2024 a Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka 
* Kyautar Nasara Mai Kyau ta 2023, Ƙungiyar Sinadarai ta China 
* 2023 Thompson Reuter's Highly Idified Researcher (saboda haka, tun 2014)
* 2022 Babban Jami'in IETI (Cibiyar Injiniya da Fasaha ta Duniya)
* An zaɓe ni a shekarar 2022 zuwa Kwalejin Injiniya ta ƙasar Sin, memba na ƙasa da ƙasa 
* Kyautar Abokan Hulɗa na Yankin ACS ta Kudu maso Yamma a Ci gaba da Arziki (P3) ta 2022 (tare da M. Reynolds da M. Wong) 
* Kyautar ASCE Simon Freese ta 2021 
* Muhimmin Lakca na Cika Shekaru 40 na Injiniyan NSF na 2021
* Mafi kyawun takardu na Nano na 2020 na ES: DOI: 10.1039/C9EN00143C  da DOI: 10.1039/C9EN00827F 
* 2020 ES&T mafi kyawun labarin fasalin: DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05041 
* Farfesa Mai Ba da Shawara na 2020, Jami'ar Shanghai Jiao Tong
* Hukumar Gudanarwa ta Houston Endowment Inc., wadda yanzu take aiki a shekarar 2019.
* 2019 William Mong, babban lacca, Faculty of Engineering, Jami'ar Hong Kong
* An shigar da shi a shekarar 2018 a Kwalejin Injiniya ta Ƙasa 
* Kyautar Perry McCarty ta AEESP ta 2018 saboda Gudummawar da ta bayar ga Ilimi da Aiki na Env. Eng. 
* Kyautar Nasarar Rayuwa ta Brown da Caldwell ta 2018 don Gyara 
* 2017 Ƙungiyar Injiniyan Muhalli da Farfesa Kimiyya (AEESP) Babban Malami 

## Mafi kyawun Takardu

* Kyautar takarda mafi kyau ta 2014 
* Takardar da aka fi saukewa a binciken ruwa a shekarar 2014 
* Mafi kyawun Takardun ES Nano 
* Mafi kyawun Takardun ES Nano 
* Labarin Mafi Kyawun Sifofi na ES&T 

## Manazarta
Fernando Alvarez (masanin tattalin arziki)

**Fernando Enrique Alvarez** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1964)  ƙwararren masanin tattalin arziki ne na ƙasar Argentina . Farfesa ne a fannin tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Chicago . Ya sami digirinsa na farko a fannin tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Universidad Nacional de La Plata a shekara ta 1989 da kuma digirinsa na uku a fannin Ph.D. daga Jami'ar Minnesota a shekara ta 1994. An zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗan ƙungiyar tattalin arziki a shekara ta 2008. An naɗa shi a matsayin ɗan ƙungiyar Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a shekara ta 2018. 

Gudunmawar da Fernando Alvarez ya bayar da alama ta fi tasiri ita ce aikinsa da Urban Jermann (Wharton) kan kasuwannin da ba su cika ba. Sun nuna yadda tsarin sadaukarwa mai iyaka na Timothy Kehoe da David Levine da kuma na Narayana Kocherlakota za a iya raba shi da wasu ƙa'idodi na lamuni. Sun kuma nuna yadda wannan tsarin zai iya bayyana wasu fasaloli na farashin kadarori, kamar ƙimar hannun jari. Jaridu da dama sun yi amfani da tsarinsu daga baya don bayyana wasu abubuwan da suka faru a fannin tattalin arziki.

Fernando Alvarez ya kuma gabatar da wani sabon kiyasi na farashin jin daɗin rayuwa na zagayowar kasuwanci, wanda ya dogara ne akan farashin kadarori da aka lura (tare da Urban Jermann). Sauran ayyukansa sun haɗa da samfuran tattalin arzikin kuɗi tare da kasuwanni masu rarrabuwa da samfuran bincike tare da kasuwanni marasa cikawa.

## Ayyukan da aka buga

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Manazarta
Boris Altshuler

**Boris Leonidovich Altshuler** ( Russian   Леонидович Альтшу́лер, an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Janairu 1955, Leningrad, USSR ) farfesa ne a fannin kimiyyar lissafi a Jami'ar Columbia . Ƙwarewarsa ita ce kimiyyar lissafi mai cike da abubuwa .

## Ilimi da aiki
Altshuler ya yi karatunsa na Sakandare na Jiha a 489 a Saint Petersburg. Ya sami takardar shaidar digirinsa a fannin kimiyyar lissafi daga Jami'ar Jihar Leningrad a 1976. Altshuler ya ci gaba da karatu a Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyyar Nukiliya ta Leningrad, inda aka ba shi digirin digirgir a fannin kimiyyar lissafi a 1979. Altshuler ya ci gaba da karatu a cibiyar tsawon shekaru goma masu zuwa a matsayin mai bincike. 

A shekarar 1989, Altshuler ya shiga sashen koyar da fasaha na Massachusetts Institute of Technology . A lokacin da yake can, ya sami kyautar Hewlett-Packard Europhysics (wanda yanzu ake kira Agilent Physics Prize) kuma ya zama memba na American Physical Society . 

Altshuler ya bar MIT a shekarar 1996 don ɗaukar matsayin farfesa a Jami'ar Princeton . Yayin da yake can, ya shiga NEC Laboratories America. Kwanan nan, Altshuler ya shiga sashen koyar da aikin likitanci na Columbia kuma ya ci gaba da aiki tare da NEC Labs. 

## Bincike
Gudummawar Altshuler ga kimiyyar lissafi mai rikitarwa tana da faɗi da yawa. Ya shahara musamman saboda aikinsa kan tsarin lantarki mai rikitarwa, inda shi ne na farko da ya ƙididdige gyare-gyaren tsangwama na kwantum guda ɗaya zuwa jigilar lantarki saboda hulɗa (gyaran Altshuler-Aronov). Tare da Aronov, ya kuma haɓaka ka'idar rage tasirin yanayi a cikin rauni. Tare da haɗin gwiwar Boris Shklovskii, Altshuler ya haɓaka ka'idar korar matakin a cikin ƙarfe mai rikitarwa.

Ya kuma ba da gudummawa sosai ga ka'idar canjin yanayin sadarwa na duniya baki ɗaya. Kwanan nan, Altshuler da Igor Aleiner sun fara sabon fannin yanayin sadarwa na jiki da yawa, inda suka nuna cewa tsarin jiki da yawa yana iya kasancewa a wurin - wani abu da ya sauko daga sanannen abin da ya faru na yanayin sadarwa na Anderson . Nasarar Altshuler da Aleiner ta ƙarshe ana ɗaukarta a matsayin babban ci gaba kuma yanayin sadarwa na jiki da yawa, kamar yadda suka gabatar, yanzu ya zama sabon fannin kimiyyar lissafi mai bunƙasa. A cikin 2016, ƙungiyar Immanuel Bloch da ke Munich, Jamus, ta lura da abin da ya faru na yanayin sadarwa na jiki da yawa ta hanyar gwaji. 

## Lambobin yabo da girmamawa

* 1993: Kyautar Hewlett-Packard Europhysics 
* 1993: Ya zama memba na American Physical Society
* 1996: Abokin Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka 
* 2002: An zaɓe shi zuwa Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa 
* 2003: Kyautar Oliver E. Buckley ta Ƙungiyar Jiki ta Amurka 
* An zaɓe shi zuwa Kwalejin Kimiyya da Wasiku ta Norway 
* 2017: Lambar Dirac don Ci gaban Ilimin Lissafi, wanda Jami'ar New South Wales ta bayar 
* 2019: Simons Fellow 
* 2022: Kyautar Lars Onsager ta Ƙungiyar Jiki ta Amurka 

## Manazarta
Makarantar Sakandare ta Jihar Helensvale

**Makarantar Sakandare ta Jihar Helensvale** makarantar sakandare ce ta gwamnati da ke unguwar Helensvale a Gold Coast, Queensland, Ostiraliya. Tana kan kusurwar Discovery Drive da titin Helensvale (243 Discovery Dr, Helensvale QLD 4212) . An fara buɗe makarantar a shekarar 1990 tare da Rod Cassidy a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar. Taken makarantar shine ɗalibi ɗaya, al'umma ɗaya, da makomar da yawa.

Makarantar Helensvale High tana kula da ɗalibai da yawa, tare da kusan masu rajista 2,000,  wanda hakan ya sa ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan makarantun sakandare a yankin Gold Coast. A shekarar 2024, an sake fasalin tsarin gidaje daga tsoffin sunayen ɗalibai zuwa tsuntsayen tatsuniyoyi.

## Tarihi
An fara makarantar sakandare ta Helensvale a shekarar 1990 da ɗalibai kusan 200 da ƙaramin ma'aikata, waɗanda adadinsu ya kai 12, ƙarƙashin jagorancin shugaban makarantar nadin sarauta, Rod Cassidy. Ɗalibai sun fito daga yankin ciyar da abinci mai faɗi, har zuwa arewa kamar Jacob's Rijiyar, yamma zuwa Mount Tamborine da kudu zuwa Gaven, da kuma yankin Helensvale mai saurin girma. Helensvale ita ce makarantar sakandare ɗaya tilo a yankin banda Makarantar Sakandare ta Jihar Coombabah.

A shekarar 1990, dukkan ɗalibai sun yi nazarin wasu darussa a matakin aji na 8 a cikin rukunin da yanzu ake kira Home Economics Block. A wannan shekarar, ma'aikata, ɗalibai da iyaye sun tsara salon makarantar da suke son haɓaka, suna zaɓar darussa, tsara salon koyarwa da koyo, tsara ayyukan wasanni da kuma ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo.

A cikin shekaru biyar na farko, gine-gine na musamman, ciki har da SAC (Cibiyar Ayyukan Dalibai), wanda gini ne na zamani don cibiyoyin ilimi a Queensland da kuma Cibiyar Fasaha ta Wasan Kwaikwayo, Cibiyar Albarkatu da kuma Ginin Fasaha ta Manual.

Makarantar ta shiga cikin wani shari'a da ake kyautata zaton ita ce shari'ar farko ta Queensland da ta shafi wani tsohon ɗalibi da ya shigar da ƙara kan zargin cin zarafin malamai da ake yi masa saboda amfani da wayar hannu. Tun daga wannan shari'ar, *Nine News* ta ba da rahoto kan wannan batu na cin zarafi kuma ta haifar da babban martani. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Manazarta
Makarantar Sakandare ta Jihar Elanora

**Makarantar Sakandare ta Jihar Elanora** makaranta ce ta sakandare da ke hidimar yankin Elanora a Gold Coast, Queensland, Ostiraliya. An kafa ta a shekarar 1990, kuma a halin yanzu tana da hedikwata a Ostiraliya.  yana da ɗaliban da ke ɗauke da ɗalibai 950.

## Fitattun tsofaffin ɗalibai

* Operator Please ƙungiya ce da ta fito daga Elanora High. Membobin da suka halarci Elanora High sun haɗa da Amandah Wilkinson, Ashley McConnell, Timothy Commandeur, da Sarah Gardiner
* Amandah Wilkinson, mawakiya 

## 'Yan Kadet na Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Australiya
Nau'i na 213 na rundunar sojin sama ta Australiya 'yan kadet suna faretin a harabar makarantar a duk shekara.[1]

## Duba kuma

* Jerin makarantu a Queensland

## Manazarta
Kwalejin Emmanuel, Gold Coast

**Kwalejin Emmanuel** makaranta ce mai zaman kanta, mai ilimi tare, kuma mai addinai daban-daban a yankin Carrara da ke Gold Coast, Queensland, Ostiraliya. Kwalejin tana kula da ɗalibai daga Preparatory har zuwa Aji na 12, kuma akwai makarantar yara ta Little e's da ke da alaƙa da ita. Kwalejin Emmanuel mallakar masu zaman kansu ce kuma tana gudanar da ita kuma an yi mata rijista da Hukumar Tsaro da Zuba Jari ta Ostiraliya a matsayin kamfani mai zaman kansa. 

## Tarihi da ci gaban jami'a
An buɗe Kwalejin Emmanuel a hukumance a ranar 30 ga Janairu 1985. [1] Da farko, kwalejin ta ɗauki nauyin ɗaliban makarantar sakandare ne kawai a Aji na 8 da 9, tare da ƙarin shekaru masu zuwa. A watan Janairu 1989 an buɗe makarantar firamare tare da ɗalibai sama da 150. A farkon shekarun, ma'aikata da ɗalibai suna zaune a cikin gine-ginen da ke motsi, amma wani shirin gini a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa ya maye gurbin duk gine-ginen wucin gadi da na dindindin.[2]

Manyan ayyukan sun haɗa da kammala ginin gwamnati,  ɗakin karatu na Graham Leo, cibiyoyin fasahar bayanai da kuma cibiyar ruwa mai ɗauke da wurin ninkaya mai tsawon mita 25 da kuma wurin ninkaya na zamani da aka rufe, wanda aka gina a cikin ɗakin wanka. Daga baya, gine-ginen sun haɗa da cibiyar Fasaha ta Wasanni, ginin wasanni wanda ke ɗauke da wurin motsa jiki,  wani rukunin filin wasan ƙwallon kwando da wasan tennis mai amfani da yawa, Cibiyar Farko (Shirye-shirye - Shekara ta 3) tare da wurin wasa,  da Cibiyar Baƙi. A shekara ta 2007, an gina sabon ginin kimiyya, Cibiyar John Spence, wanda ya ƙunshi dakunan gwaje-gwaje, ofisoshi da azuzuwan gabaɗaya. Duk ɗakunan makarantar suna da na'urar sanyaya iska kuma yawancin azuzuwan suna da ko dai allunan farin ciki masu hulɗa  ko Comboxes. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an faɗaɗa ɗakin karatu na Graham Leo, an gina cibiyar karatu ta shekara ta 7 tare da ɗakin kiɗa na musamman, kuma an gina babban farfajiyar kwalejin, Chapel Court.  A shekarar 2012, an buɗe gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Emmanuel. Wannan wurin mai hawa 450 mai hawa 1 yana da lif ɗin ƙungiyar makaɗa, hasumiya mai cike da jiragen sama da ɗakunan karatu. Wuraren wasan yara na Makarantar Matasa da aka gina a shekarar 2013 sun haɗa da rami, maze, hanyoyin tafiya masu tsayi, itacen citrus da sauran wuraren wasan kwaikwayo masu ƙirƙira waɗanda ke kusa da 'The Shed', wani yanki mai rufewa na koyo a waje. An buɗe wurin wanka mai zafi na koyon iyo a cikin gida a shekarar 2014 kuma an buɗe ginin Zane da Fasaha, Fasaha da Gudanarwa na Makarantar Matasa tare da sabbin wuraren wanka ga ɗaliban Makarantar Matasa a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, 2015. An buɗe wurin taimako da ayyukan fasaha na ɗalibai a cikin ɗakin karatu, Tech Bar, a shekarar 2015 kuma an kafa Cibiyar STEM da Ƙirƙirar Zamantakewa ta Colin Clark. An sake wa B Block suna, Cibiyar David Bewley, sannan aka buɗe sabon ginin Makarantar Sakandare, Cibiyar Neville Bonner, a watan Yunin 2019. Ginin yana da wuraren koyo guda takwas, dakunan gwaje-gwaje guda uku, ɗakin ma'aikata da kuma ɗaki mai amfani da yawa.

## Manazarta
Makarantar Jihar Coombabah

**Makarantar Jihar Coombabah** makarantar firamare ce ta gwamnati wacce ke cikin unguwar City of Gold Coast da ke Coombabah, Queensland, Ostiraliya.  Ma'aikatar Ilimi ce ke gudanar da ita, tare da ɗalibai 729 da ma'aikatan koyarwa 54, tun daga shekarar 2023. Makarantar tana hidimar ɗalibai daga Prep zuwa Aji na 6   a cikin unguwannin Hope Island, Paradise Point, Hollywell, Runaway Bay da Coombabah.

## Tarihi
An buɗe makarantar a ranar 27 ga Janairu 1981 [1] don hidimar yawan jama'a da ke ƙaruwa a yankin arewacin Biggera Waters. [2] An fara azuzuwan ne a farkon 1981 kuma an gudanar da su a Makarantar Firamare ta Biggera Waters har sai da aka gina kayayyakin da ake da su a yanzu.[2] Bayan 'yan watanni, Jihar Coombabah ta koma filin makarantar da ake da su a yanzu.[2] Ivan Gibbs ne ya buɗe Makarantar Jihar Coombabah a hukumance a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba 1981.[2]

An gano cewa rashin zuwa makaranta a makarantun Gold Coast matsala ce ga makarantun, inda yawanci ɗalibai 150 a jihar Coombabah ba sa zuwa kowace rana a watan Agusta na 2009. 

## Fasaloli na manhajar karatu

* Shirin kiɗan kayan kida da kuma wasu ƙungiyoyin masu rawa da suka haɗa da Band, String Orchestra, Beginners's Strings, da Junior and Senior Choirs. A shekarar 2005 Gold Coast Eisteddfod, an sanya kowace ƙungiyar da makarantar ta shiga, inda ta lashe matsayi huɗu kuma an yaba mata sosai. 
* Nazarin al'adun Japan da harsuna a cikin shekaru 6-7. 
* Shirin Fasahar Koyo Mai Ci Gaba, gami da amfani da Intanet. Makarantar ta kasance farkon mai ƙirƙira wajen amfani da kwamfutocin aji, gami da Tagogi da kwamfutocin tafi-da-gidanka. 
* Makarantar tana da capsules guda biyu. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;
* Ana koyar da karatu masu haɗaka, waɗanda suka ƙunshi al'umma da muhalli, kimiyya, fasaha, da fasaha a dukkan azuzuwan makarantar kuma an tsara su ne bisa ga ilmantarwa ta rayuwa ta gaske.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin makarantu a Gold Coast, Queensland

## Manazarta
Anthony Hickox

**Anthony Hickox** (30 Janairu 1959 - Oktoba 2023) daraktan fina-finai ne na Ingila, furodusa, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma marubucin allo. 

An fi sanin Hickox da aikinsa a cikin nau'in barkwanci, tare da fina-finai kamar Waxwork da kuma ci gaba da shi, Waxwork II: Lost in Time, Sundown: The Vampire in Retreat, Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth, da Warlock: The Armageddon . Ya jagoranci wani fim na 1997 na fim ɗin Prince Valiant mai dogon lokaci wanda Stephen Moyer ya fito a matsayin jarumin da aka fi sani da suna.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Hickox a ranar 30 ga Janairu, 1959 a Hampstead, Landan ga dangin masu shirya fina-finai.  Shi ne babban ɗa ga daraktan Douglas Hickox da edita mai lambar yabo ta Academy Award Anne V. Coates kuma babban ɗan'uwan edita Emma E. Hickox da James DR Hickox. Shi kuma babban ɗan'uwa ne ga J Arthur Rank, 1st Baron Rank, shugaban The Rank Organization . 

Hickox ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Aiglon da ke Switzerland. 

## Sana'a
Bayan ya fara tallata kulob a Landan, Hickox ya tafi Los Angeles a shekarar 1986 kuma ya zama marubuci kuma darakta a ƙarshen shekarun 1980. Daga nan ya fara jagorantar fina-finan asara bayan jerin fina-finan tsoro na shekarun 1990, ciki har da shiga ta uku a cikin jerin  . Wannan ya sa HBO ta ɗauke shi aiki don yin fim ɗinta na farko mai suna *Full Eclipse*, wanda ya haifar da fim ɗin da aka yi a daren Juma'a wanda ya ɗauki sama da shekaru 5 kuma Hickox ya ba da ƙarin gudummawa. A lokaci guda, ya ci gaba da yarjejeniyarsa da Universal inda ya harba matukan jirgi na Extreme, *Two*, *Martial Law* da *New York Undercover* .

Bayan ya yi aiki tare da Natascha McElhone da William Hurt a cikin *fim ɗin Contaminated Man*, ya ci gaba da ba da umarni ga Katherine Heigl da Stephen Moyer a cikin wani shiri mai tsayi na fim ɗin *Prince Valiant* . Ɗaya daga cikin jaruman fim ɗin, Warwick Davis, ya bayyana fim ɗin a matsayin "bala'i daga farko zuwa ƙarshe" wanda aka "fito da shi, an yi shi da ƙarfi kuma an jefa bam a kai". Ya ɗora alhakin hakan ga Hickox, wanda ya ce "da alama yana da niyyar yin liyafa duk dare tare da ba wa abokansa matsayi." 

Hickox ya mutu a Bucharest, Romania a watan Oktoban 2023 yana da shekaru 64. 

### Fina-finai masu kayatarwa

### MANAZARTA
Kwalejin Anglican ta Coomera

**Kwalejin Coomera Anglican** makaranta ce mai zaman kanta ta koyar da yara tun suna ƙanana, firamare da sakandare, wacce ke Upper Coomera, Queensland, Ostiraliya. 

An kafa Kwalejin a shekarar 1997 kuma Diocese na Anglican na Brisbane ke gudanar da ita, tana kula da ɗalibai daga samun ilimi, shiri zuwa aji na 12.

## Tsarin gida
Kwalejin Coomera Anglican tana da gidaje huɗu;

* 
* 
* 
* 

Ana sanya dukkan 'yan uwa na iyali ɗaya a gida ɗaya. Kowanne gida ana sanya masa suna ne saboda mutumin da ya taka rawa a cikin harsashin makarantar.

## Al'adar makaranta
A shekarar 2011, wani fim da ɗalibai suka ƙirƙira mai suna "Ku yi hattara da Peter Goodman" ya bayyana a matsayin wani abin koyi na al'adu a cikin makarantar Anglican, yana ɓata wa manyan malaman sakandare rai da kuma aiwatar da manufofinsu na musamman na tsarin makarantar. Wannan zane-zanen barkwanci ya zama al'ada mai maimaitawa tsakanin azuzuwan da suka kammala karatu, inda kowace shekara ke samar da nasu daidaitawa da fassarar jigon asali. Duk da ce-ce-ku-ce a wasu lokutan, shaharar fim ɗin ta ci gaba da ba da gudummawa ga ci gaba da tattaunawa game da al'adun makaranta da kuma ci gaban da ke tsakanin ɗalibai da malamai tsawon shekaru.

## Fitattun tsofaffin ɗalibai

* Kimberly Birrell, 'yar wasan tennis.
* Emerson Jones, ɗan wasan tennis.
* Hayden Jones, ɗan wasan tennis
* Taylor Smith, 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Australiya ce wadda ta fara aikinta da ƙungiyar Gold Coast Suns .  Bayan kakar wasa ta 2020 ta AFLW, Smith ta koma Brisbane Lions,  inda ta zama 'yar wasan farko a ƙungiyar da ta lashe gasar AFLW a shekarar 2021.
* Jade Wall, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa wanda ya wakilci Ostiraliya a gasar Olympics ta Tokyo ta 2020,  ya zira kwallayen farko a gida a gasar Ostiraliya ta 2021 da Mexico a zagayen farko na gasar.

## Manazarta
Kwalejin Somerset

**Kwalejin Somerset** makaranta ce ta kwana ta Kirista mai zaman kanta, wacce ba ta da alaƙa da addini, wacce ke Mudgeeraba, Queensland, Ostiraliya. An kafa kwalejin a shekarar 1983, tana da tsarin rajista ba tare da zaɓe ba kuma tana ɗaukar nauyin kimanin ɗalibai 1480 daga Pre-Prep zuwa Aji na 12. An gina ta ne a gonakin karkara a yankin Gold Coast, ƙauyen da ke kewaye da harabar makarantar ya sami ci gaba mai mahimmanci tun lokacin da aka kafa makarantar.

An yi wa kwalejin suna musamman saboda kyawunta a fannin ilimi, inda take da matsayi mai girma a fannin jiha da ƙasa. Tun daga shekarar 1997, Somerset tana ɗaya daga cikin makarantu biyu na Queensland inda aka fi samun maki OP tsakanin ɗalibai shine 1. [1] A shekarar 2014, kashi 56.2% na ɗalibanta na shekara ta 12 sun sami maki OP 1–5, wanda shine kashi na biyu mafi girma na duk wani ajin da ya kammala karatu a Queensland.[2] Kwalejin ta kuma bayar da Difloma ta IB ga ɗalibai tun daga shekarar 1999. Kwalejin tana ɗaukar nauyin Bikin Adabi, babban bikin marubuta na yara da matasa a Ostiraliya, kowace Maris.

Somerset yana da alaƙa da Shugabannin Makarantun Firamare Masu Zaman Kansu na Ostiraliya (IPSHA),  Ƙungiyar Shugabannin Makarantun Masu Zaman Kansu na Ostiraliya (AHISA),  Makarantun Masu Zaman Kansu na Queensland (ISQ)  kuma memba ne na kafa Makarantun Masu Zaman Kansu Masu Zaman Kansu na Queensland (APS).

## Tarihi
An buɗe Kwalejin Somerset a hukumance a ranar 16 ga Oktoba, 1983 ta hannun Firayim Ministan Queensland Joh Bjelke-Petersen . Sunanta ya dogara ne akan gaskiyar cewa makarantar tana kan Somerset Drive, a wani wuri da ake amfani da shi a da don noman kiwo http://www.somerset.qld.edu.au/our-college/overview/history/. Tambarin makarantar yana ɗauke da itacen ɓaure na Moreton Bay, wanda ke kan harabar makarantar tun lokacin da aka kafa makarantar.

Shugaban makarantar da ya kafa shi ne Clifford Rodney (Rod) Wells. A shekarar 1980, Wells ya ƙaura zuwa Gold Coast daga Sydney tare da matarsa, mawaƙiya Roslyn (Dunbar) Wells, kuma ya sami gonar mallakar mai haɓaka gidaje John Jenkins akan kuɗin ajiya na dala 1. Tsawon watanni 12, Wells ya gudanar da nazarin yiwuwar aiki, ya yi tarurruka da Sashen Ilimi na Queensland kuma ya gudanar da tarurrukan jama'a don kafa tallafin kuɗi, ilimi da al'umma. A shekarar 1981, an kafa ƙaramin rukuni a matsayin kwamitin gudanarwa na farko.

An buɗe gine-ginen farko a ranar 27 ga Janairu 1983 tare da ɗalibai 158 a cikin azuzuwa daga Aji na 1 zuwa Aji na 8. Ma'aikata, iyaye da ɗalibai sun taimaka wajen shimfida lambu da kuma shimfida ciyawa. An zaɓi kalmar Latin "Deo Confidimus" ("In Allah, mun dogara") a matsayin taken makaranta.

## Manazarta
Makarantar Southport

**Makarantar Southport** ( **TSS** ) makarantar koyon farko ce ta Anglican, makarantar kwana ta firamare da sakandare, kuma makarantar kwana ce ga yara maza, wacce ke Southport, wani yanki a gabar tekun Gold Coast na Queensland, Ostiraliya.

An kafa TSS a shekarar 1901 ta hannun Revd Horace Henry Dixon, makarantar kwana ta Anglican ta maza mafi tsufa a Queensland kuma ita ce makarantar kwana ta maza ta Anglican da ke kan titin Gold Coast. Makarantar tana da tsarin yin rajista ba tare da zaɓi ba kuma a halin yanzu tana kula da kimanin ɗalibai 1305 daga farkon koyo zuwa aji na 12, gami da ɗaliban aji 276 daga aji na 7 zuwa 12.

Makarantar tana da alaƙa da Ƙungiyar Makarantun Ajiya ta Australiya (ABSA),  Ƙungiyar Shugabannin Makarantun Masu Zaman Kansu na Australiya (AHISA),  Shugabannin Makarantun Firamare Masu Zaman Kansu na Australiya (IPSHA),  Makarantun Masu Zaman Kansu na Queensland (ISQ),  kuma memba ne na Babban Ƙungiyar Makarantun Jama'a ta Queensland (GPS) tun daga 1920.

## Tarihi

An kafa Makarantar Southport a shekarar 1901 ta hannun Revd (daga baya Rt Revd) Horace Dixon. Asalin ƙasar mallakar Benjamin da Ann Spendelove ne.

An kafa gidajen kwana na farko (Delpratt, McKinley da Thorold) a shekarar 1908.

Makarantar Southport tana da ƙungiyar makaranta ta uku mafi tsufa a cikin kwale-kwale a Queensland, wacce ta fara yin kwale-kwale a shekarar 1905. [undefined] Wannan ya biyo bayan Makarantar Brisbane Grammar da Makarantar Ipswich Grammar da suka fara yin gasar kwale-kwale a shekarar 1890.[1]

## Shugabannin makarantu

## Manazarta
Rafael Altamira y Crevea

**Rafael Altamira y Crevea** (10 ga Fabrairu, 1866 - 1 ga Yuni, 1951) masanin tarihi ne kuma lauya ɗan ƙasar Sipaniya. 

## Farkon rayuwa
An haife shi a Alicante, ana ɗaukar Altamira a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masana tarihi na Sipaniya a ƙarni na 20, malami ne mai fannoni daban-daban wanda kuma ya shahara a aikin jarida, koyarwa, siyasa, da adabi. An rubuta shi a matsayin littafi don tarihin Sipaniya, babu wani aiki da ya nuna ɗabi'un Sipaniya kamar littafin Rafael Altamira na *Historia de España y de la Civilización Española* (Barcelona, 1899). 

A shekara ta 1898, Altamira, tare da sauran farfesoshi na Makarantar Shari'a a Jami'ar Oviedo, sun kafa Tsawaita Jami'a a matsayin wani fanni daban na tsarin jami'ar. Babban burinta shine yaɗa ilimin da jami'o'in suka ƙirƙira ta hanyar taruka, darussa, da sauran ayyuka ga waɗannan azuzuwan zamantakewa waɗanda ba su da damar shiga. Waɗannan farfesoshi suna bin misalin da jami'o'in Ingila da dama suka kafa waɗanda aka riga aka aiwatar a wasu ƙasashen Turai kamar Jamus da Belgium.

Altamira ya ba da darussa da tarurruka a jami'o'i da yawa a Spain da kuma ƙasashen waje (Argentina, Peru, Amurka, Faransa, Ingila, da sauransu). Ya kuma kasance alkali a Kotun Hague, da ke Netherlands, inda ya mayar da hankali kan yin aiki don zaman lafiya da tattaunawa ta ƙasa da ƙasa. Saboda aikinsa da aikinsa, an zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗan takarar lambar yabo ta Nobel Peace Prize a 1933. A wannan shekarar, an zaɓe shi memba na girmamawa na ƙasashen waje na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka . 

## Manazarta
 

## Ƙarin karatu

* Gamarra, Yolanda. "Rafael Altamira y Crevea (1866–1951). Alkalin Duniya a matsayin 'Mai Wayewa Mai Tausayi'." *Mujallar Tarihin Dokokin Duniya/Revue d'histoire du droit international* 14.1 (2012): 1-49.
* Vásquez, George L. "Altamira, Tsarin 1898, da kuma Sake Farfaɗo da Spain." *Nazarin Bahar Rum* 5 (1995): 85-100. akan layi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Jami'ar Alicante Darussan bazara (Rafael Altamira Project).
* Works by Rafael Altamira y Crevea
Makarantar St Hilda

**Makarantar St Hilda makaranta** ce mai zaman kanta ta Anglican, makarantar kwana ta ' yan mata, wacce ke Southport, wani yanki na tsakiyar Gold Coast, Queensland, Ostiraliya.

An kafa makarantar St Hilda a shekarar 1912, kuma tana da tsarin yin rajista ba tare da zaɓe ba kuma a halin yanzu tana kula da kimanin ɗalibai 1,250 daga shirin riga-kafi zuwa aji na 12, gami da ɗaliban aji 160 na cikakken lokaci da na mako-mako daga aji na 6 zuwa 12. [1] Makarantar St Hilda ita ce makarantar 'yan mata kaɗai a yankin Gold Coast. Makarantar 'yan uwanta ita ce Makarantar Southport (TSS), wacce kuma take a Southport, kuma ita ce makarantar kwana ta maza ɗaya tilo a yankin. [2]

Makarantar memba ce ta Ƙungiyar Wasannin Makarantun Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Queensland (QGSSSA),  Ƙungiyar Makarantun 'Yan Mata ta Australia (AGSA),  Ƙungiyar Shugabannin Makarantun Ƙarami ta Australiya (JSHAA),  Ƙungiyar Shugabannin Makarantun Masu Zaman Kansu na Australiya (AHISA),  da Ƙungiyar Makarantun Kula da Yara ta Australiya. 

## Tarihi

An kafa Makarantar St Hilda a shekarar 1912, lokacin da Diocese na Brisbane na Cocin Anglican na Ostiraliya ya sayi wata tsohuwar makaranta, Goyte-Lea, daga Miss Davenport. An kafa Goyte-Lea kafin Tarayyar Ostiraliya a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19. An sanya wa makarantar suna bayan Abbess na Whitby Saint Hilda na ƙarni na bakwai. An ce Saint Hilda ta mayar da macizai zuwa dutse, kuma macizai uku na dutse sune alamar ginin makarantar.

Shugabar makarantar farko ita ce Catherine Bourne, wacce aka sanya mata suna a jerin azuzuwan makarantar. Taken makarantar tun lokacin da aka kafa ta shine *Non nobis solum*, Latin ma'ana "Ba don Kanmu kaɗai ba".

## Manazarta
Anne L. Alstott

Anne Lester Alstott ƙwararriyar lauya ce 'yar Amurka. Ita ce Farfesa Jacquin D. Bierman a fannin Haraji a Makarantar Shari'a ta Yale .

## Sana'a
Ta kammala karatun digiri *na summa cum laude* daga Jami'ar Georgetown a shekarar 1984 kuma ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Yale a shekarar 1987.  Bayan kammala karatun lauya, ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar lauya a Sullivan &amp;amp; Cromwell da kuma a matsayin Mai Ba da Shawara kan Shari'a a Ofishin Manufofin Haraji ( Ma'aikatar Baitulmalin Amurka ). name="YLS profile"  

A shekarar 1992, Alstott ta zama farfesa a Makarantar Shari'a ta Columbia, inda ta koyar har zuwa 1996. Daga nan ta zama farfesa mai ziyara (1996–97) kuma farfesa a fannin shari'a (1997-2004) a Makarantar Shari'a ta Yale . A shekarar 2004, ta zama Farfesa Jacquin D. Bierman a fannin haraji. Ta zauna a Makarantar Shari'a ta Yale har zuwa 2008. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugabar mata ta tsawon wa'adi biyu a Makarantar Shari'a ta Yale, a lokacin kaka na 2002 da kuma a shekarun 2004–05. Daga 2008 zuwa 2011, ta yi aiki a matsayin Farfesa Manley O. Hudson na Shari'a a Makarantar Shari'a ta Harvard da kuma darakta a *Asusun Binciken Haraji da Kudi* . Daga nan ta dawo a matsayin Farfesa Jacquin D. Bierman a fannin haraji a Makarantar Shari'a ta Yale, inda har yanzu take aiki a yau.   

An zaɓe ta a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a shekarar 2024. 

## Littattafan tarihi

* *Zabin Jama'a: Yadda Ake Faɗaɗa 'Yanci, Ƙara Dama, da Inganta Daidaito* . Tare da Ganesh Sitaraman . Cambridge (Amurka): Harvard University Press, 2019.
* *Sabuwar Yarjejeniya Don Tsofaffi: Zuwa Ga Ci Gaban Ritaya* . Cambridge (Amurka): Harvard University Press, 2016.
* *Babu Fita: Abin da Iyaye ke bin Yara da kuma Abin da Al'umma ke bin Iyaye* . Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
* *Ƙungiyar Masu Ruwa da Tsaki* . Tare da Bruce Ackerman . New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999.

### Littattafan Karatu

* *Harajin Kuɗin Tarayya, Ka'idoji da Manufofi na Graetz, Schenk, da Alstott, na 8.* Tare da Michael J. Graetz da Deborah H. Schenk. Birnin New York: Foundation Press, 2018.
* *Haraji a cikin Ka'idoji Shida: Jagorar Ɗalibi* . Riverwoods: CCH, Inc., 2018.

## Manazarta