John Washington

**John Washington** (1633 - 1677) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan Ingila, mai shuka, ɗan siyasa kuma jami'in 'yan bindiga. An haife shi a Tring, Hertfordshire, daga baya ya yi hijira zuwa mulkin mallaka na Ingila na Virginia kuma ya zama memba na ajin shuka. Baya ga yin aiki a cikin 'yan bindiga na Virginia da mallakar gonakin bayi da yawa, Washington ta kuma yi aiki na shekaru da yawa a cikin House of Burgesses, wakiltar Westmoreland County. Shi ne memba na farko na Iyalin Washington da ya zauna a Arewacin Amurka kuma kakan kakan George Washington ne, shugaban Amurka na farko.  

An haifi John Washington ga Rector Lawrence Washington da matarsa Amphillis Twigden, game da shekara ta 1633 (lokacin da mahaifinsa ya yi murabus daga aikinsa a Oxford wanda ya buƙaci ya kasance ba tare da aure ba), mai yiwuwa a gidan kakanninsa na uwa a Tring, Hertfordshire  . Koyaya, a matsayin babba, John Washington ya ba da shekarunsa a cikin Virginia a matsayin 45, wanda zai sanya haihuwarsa shekaru biyu da suka gabata.   Kafin aurensa Lawrence ya kasance mai ba da gudummawa a Jami'ar Oxford. An haife shi a Sulgrave Manor kusa da Banbury a Oxfordshire . 

Lokacin da John yake dan shekara takwas, mahaifinsa ya sanya shi a Makarantar Charterhouse a London don fara shirya don aikin ilimi, amma yaron bai taba halartar makaranta ba. A shekara ta 1633 babban Washington ya bar Oxford ya zama shugaban All Saints Parish a Purleigh, Essex . A lokacin Yaƙin basasar Ingila, a cikin 1643 'yan majalisa na Puritans sun kwace Rev. Washington mai mulkin mallaka daga wannan matsayi na malamai, suna zargin rashin halin da ake ciki. Rev. Lawrence Washington daga nan ya zama wakilin wani parish mai talauci a Little Braxted, Essex, inda ya mutu a watan Janairun shekara ta 1652. Gwauruwarsa ta koma gidan iyayenta a Tring, Hertfordshire, kuma a cikin 1655 John ya zama mai kula da gidan mahaifiyarsa gwauruwa.

John Washington ya sami ilimi mai mahimmanci a kasuwancin mulkin mallaka, yayin da Ingila ke da yankuna a Caribbean da Arewacin Amurka. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Master's Mate a cikin jirgin taba lokacin da ya fara zuwa Virginia.

A shekara ta 1656 John Washington ya saka hannun jari tare da Edward Prescott a cikin jirgin kasuwanci wanda ke jigilar taba daga Arewacin Amurka zuwa kasuwannin Turai. Ya sami kwangilar taba a Turai, ya shiga jirgin Prescott (Sea Horse of London) a Denmark, kuma ya yi tafiya a matsayin abokin tarayya na biyu na mulkin mallaka na Virginia. Wani guguwa a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, 1657, ya sa jirgin (cikakken cike da taba don tafiya ta dawowa) ya fadi a cikin Kogin Potomac a wani kogi kusa da haɗuwa da Mattox Creek. Kodayake an gyara jirgin, Washington ta zaɓi ta kasance a cikin mulkin mallaka. Koyaya, lokacin da ya nemi albashinsa, Prescott ya ce ya ci shi kuɗi a maimakon haka, don haka Colonel Nathaniel Pope (surukinsa na gaba da aka tattauna a ƙasa) ya ba Prescott fata don biyan bashin da ake zargi. Koyaya, dan uwansa, James Washington, ɗan Robert Washington (1616 - 1674), wanda ya yi aiki a kasuwancin London-Rotterdam na 'yan kasuwa, wanda shi ma ya yi tafiya a wannan tafiya, ya dawo a cikin jirgin Prescott.

Matsalar al'amuran, wannan John Washington yana da ƙaramin ɗan'uwa, Lawrence Washington, wanda ya zama ɗan kasuwa, ya auri Mary Jones na Luton a Bedfordshire a Ingila, sannan kuma ya yi hijira daga Ingila zuwa Virginia Colony, inda ya mutu.[undefined] Wannan Lawrence kuma yana da ɗa mai suna John Washington (yawanci ana rarrabe shi a matsayin "na Chotank", sunan gonarsa a King George County, Virginia). Wannan John Washington ya haifi 'ya'yan dan uwansa Lawrence Washington (1659-1698) (ɗan ɗan fari na wannan mutumin): John Washington (1692-1746) da Augustine Washington (1693-1743) lokacin da suka dawo daga Ingila.[1]￼

## Ƙasar Virginia
Washington da farko ya zauna a gidan Col. Nathaniel Pope, wanda ya yi hijira daga Ingila zuwa Maryland kimanin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, sannan ya koma fadin Kogin Potomac zuwa Virginia inda ya zama mai shuka a Arewacin Neck kuma mai shari'a na zaman lafiya ga abin da ke Northumberland County a 1651 da shekaru hudu bayan haka Lt.Col. na 'yan bindiga na yankin. A lokacin da ya zauna, Washington ya ƙaunaci 'yar mai masaukin sa Anne, wacce ya auri marigayi a shekara ta 1658 ko farkon shekara ta 1659. Ta haifi ɗansu na farko, Laurence a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1659. A wannan lokacin, Washington ya koyi cewa magajinsa Capt. Prescott ya rataye wata mace a matsayin maƙaryaci, kuma ya kawo masa zargin kisan kai a Kotun Maryland; duk da haka, shari'ar ta sabawa baftismar Laurence, don haka Prescott ya fita kyauta saboda rashin shaidar.

Ofishin jama'a na farko na Washington shine vestryman na cocin Appomattox Parish a cikin 1661 (ko da yake Ikklisiya za ta daina wanzuwa shekaru hudu bayan sake tsarawa).  Washington kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da dukiyar Westmoreland County da kuma mai kula da yara. A shekara ta 1661, Washington kuma ya zama mai binciken gundumar kuma a shekara ta 1662 ya zama ɗaya daga cikin alƙalai na kotun gundumar (tare da alhakin gudanarwa da shari'a) da kuma Manjo na 'Yan bindiga - dukansu suna nuna yarda da shi a cikin gentry.

Masu jefa kuri'a na Westmoreland County sun fara zabar Washington a matsayin daya daga cikin wakilan su a cikin House of Burgesses a shekara ta 1665, kuma ya ci gaba da lashe zaben har zuwa mutuwarsa fiye da shekaru goma bayan haka. Ya yi aiki tare da masu shuka Isaac Allerton, Gerrard Fowke da dan uwansa Nicholas Spencer . 

## Dubi kuma

* Iyalin Washington

## Bayanan littattafai

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## Manazarta