open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Labarin tsoffin mata

"**Labarin tsoffin mata**" kalma ce ta magana da ke nufin da'awar ƙarya ko camfi. Ana iya cewa wani lokaci wani nau'in labari ne na birni, wanda aka ce tsofaffin mata ne suka ba da shi ga ƙaramin ƙarni. Irin waɗannan labarun ana ɗaukar su camfi, al'adun gargajiya ko da'awar da ba a tabbatar da ita ba tare da ƙarin bayani da / ko cikakkun bayanai. Labaran tsoffin mata galibi suna mai da hankali kan damuwar gargajiya na mata, kamar ciki, balaga, dangantakar zamantakewa, kiwon lafiya, herbalism da Abinci mai gina jiki.

## Asalin
A cikin wannan mahallin, kalmar *matarsa* tana nufin "mace" maimakon "mace mai aure". Wannan amfani ya samo asali ne daga Tsohon Turanci ("mace") kuma yana da alaƙa da Jamusanci *Weib* (kuma ma'anar "mace"). Har yanzu ana amfani da wannan ma'anar kalmar a cikin Turanci na zamani a cikin gine-gine kamar mai juna biyu da mai kifi.

Sau da yawa ana kiran labaran tsoffin mata don hana wasu halaye, yawanci na yara, ko don raba ilimin warkar da mutane don cututtukan da suka fara daga ciwon hakora zuwa dysentery.

Ma'anar labarun tsoffin mata sun wanzu tsawon ƙarni. A shekara ta 1611, an buga Littafi Mai-Tsarki na Sarki James tare da fassarar aya mai zuwa: "Amma ka ƙi tatsuniyoyin tsoffin mata, kuma ka yi amfani da kanka ga allahntaka" (1 Timothawus 4:7). 

Labaran tsoffin mata sun samo asali ne daga al'adar baki na ba da labari. Mata marasa ilimi ne ke yada su, suna ba da labari ga juna ko yara. Labaran ba sa ƙoƙarin ɗabi'a, amma don koyar da darussan da kuma yin ra'ayoyi masu wahala kamar mutuwa ko tsufa da sauƙi ga yara su fahimta. Ana amfani da waɗannan labarun don tsoratar da yara don kada su yi abubuwa marasa kyau.

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin ra'ayoyi marasa kyau
* Aphorism
* Falkwarewa
* Ƙarya ga yara
* Maxim (falsafa) 

## Manazarta
Sanhujori

***Sanhujori*** ( Korean  ) ita ce hanyar kula da bayan haihuwa ta al'ada ta Koriya.  Ya haɗa da cin abinci mai kyau, yin motsa jiki da kuma dumama jiki. Lokacin *sanhujori* yawanci yana ɗaukar kimanin mako guda zuwa wata ɗaya.  *Sanhujori* kalma ce mai hade: 'sanhu' ( 산후) da 'jori' ( 조리).

A cikin al'umma ta zamani, 'yan uwaye ne suka ba da sabis na ***'sanhujori***'. Koyaya, tsarin iyali na gargajiya ya rushe kuma cibiyoyin masu zaman kansu na bayan haihuwa (**'sanhujori**' Dinki Canki Canki) da ma'aikatan kulawa na bayan haihuwa. Mutane galibi sun yi imanin cewa sanhujori yana da babban tasiri ga yanayin lafiyar mata na tsawon rai; an yi imanin gore uwaye da ba sa yin ayyukan sanhujory yadda ya kamata na iya fama da cututtuka da yawa, kamar kumburi na haɗin gwiwa, rashin fitsari, ƙarancin jini, da baƙin ciki.

## Tarihi
A tarihin Koriya, ayyukan *sanhujori* galibi ana ba da su ne daga dangin mahaifiyar da iyalan surukai. Wadannan dangin sun yi ayyuka da yawa, kamar dafa abinci a gare su da kuma kula da jarirai, ta haka ne suka 'yantar da uwaye daga nauyin aikin gida. Ta hanyar wannan tsari, uwaye suna da damar dawo da lafiyarsu da kuma koyon ilimi da ƙwarewa, waɗanda suka zama dole don kula da yara a nan gaba. A gefe guda, wasu ayyuka sun kasance masu camfi maimakon masu amfani; 'yan uwa a wasu lokuta suna hana uwaye shiga cikin abubuwan jana'izar ko magana da manyan masu makoki saboda ana tsoron cewa zai kawo rashin sa'a ga uwaye da jarirai.

Kamar yadda tsarin iyali na gargajiya ya kusan ɓacewa kuma tsarin iyali na nukiliya ya mamaye a cikin al'umma na baya-bayan nan, *sanhujori*, wani nau'in cibiyar kulawa bayan haihuwa sun fara bayar da sabis na sanhujory. An fara gabatar da irin wannan cibiyoyin masu zaman kansu a 1996 a Koriya.

## Ra'ayoyi

### Sanhujoriwon
*sanhujoriwon* (산후조리원) cibiyar mai zaman kanta ce wacce ke ba da sabis na musamman ga uwaye da jariransu a lokacin bayan haihuwa. Har zuwa ƙarshen 1998, buƙatar *sanhujoriwon* ta wuce wadatar ta kuma buɗewa mai sauƙi na sanhujuriwon yawanci ya tabbatar da nasarar ta. A sakamakon haka, cibiyoyin da ba su da inganci sun karu kafin shekara ta 2000. Duk da yake an rufe cibiyoyin da ba su da ƙwarewa saboda rashin kulawa da abubuwan da suka faru na wuta, yawan *sanhujoriwon* ya karu a hankali kwanan nan. Dangane da binciken kasa, an kiyasta cewa kusan kashi 50 cikin 100 na yawan mata a Koriya sun yi amfani da irin wannan cibiyar bayan haihuwa, a cikin 2012. Ayyukan sun haɗa da maganin fata, tausa jiki, da kuma kula da jarirai. Wasu cibiyoyin suna ba da shirye-shiryen ilimi na tsari na furanni da maganin dariya don hana baƙin ciki bayan haihuwa.

## Manazarta
Tomboy

Wani matashiyar **[[yarinya]]** ce ko budurwa mace ke nuna halayen da halaye da ke da alaƙa da yara maza ko maza a cikin al'ada da aka ba su, kamar sanya tufafin androgynous ko wadanda ba na mata ba da kuma shiga cikin ayyukan da aka saba la'akari da namiji.

## Asalin
Kalmar "tomboy" kalma ce mai ma'ana wacce ta haɗu da "tom" tare da "yaro". Kodayake ana amfani da wannan kalmar yanzu don komawa ga "yan mata masu kama da yara maza", asalin ya nuna ma'anar tomboy ya canza sosai a tsawon lokaci.

A cikin 1533, a cewar Oxford Dictionary of English, an yi amfani da "tomboy" don nufin "mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, mai saurin fushi ko yaro mai gaba". A cikin shekarun 1570, duk da haka, "tomboy" ya ɗauki ma'anar "mace mai ƙarfin zuciya ko mara ladabi", a ƙarshe, a ƙarshen shekarun 1590 da farkon shekarun 1600, kalmar ta canza zuwa ma'anar ta yanzu: " yarinya da ke nuna halin kirki ko yarinya mai ban tsoro; yarinya mai tsattsauran ra'ayi. "

## Tarihi

### A Amurka

#### Karni na 19
Kafin tsakiyar karni na 19, an daidaita mace tare da rauni na motsin rai, rauni na jiki, jinkiri, da biyayya ta gida, wanda aka fi sani da "Cult of True Womanhood". A karkashin tasirin wannan manufa ta mata, mata ba su shiga wasanni masu tsanani ko kowane aiki na jiki ba. Wannan tsarin ya kasance a tsaye har zuwa tsakiyar karni na sha tara. A lokacin Long Depression na ƙarshen 1800s, karuwar rashin daidaito na tattalin arzikin Amurka ya sa mata masu rauni ba za a iya so su ba. Matasa mata sun shiga cikin ma'aikata don tallafawa iyalansu da kuma koyon ƙwarewar aiki, don haka ana buƙatar jiki mai ƙarfi don tallafawa bukatun jiki na ayyukan aiki. Wannan ya haifar da canjin yanayi a cikin tsammanin mutane na mata matasa daga lalacewa, kyakkyawa mai kyau zuwa lafiya mai ƙarfi, don haka ya kafa tushe ga tomboyism.

A cikin littafin Charlotte Perkins Gilman na 1898, *Mata da Tattalin Arziki*, marubucin ya yaba da fa'idodin kiwon lafiya na kasancewa ɗan wasa, cewa 'yan mata ya kamata su zama "ba mata ba har sai lokaci ya yi da za a kasance". Joseph Lee, mai ba da shawara kan filin wasa, ya rubuta a 1915 cewa "lokacin bututu" yana da mahimmanci ga ci gaban jiki na 'yan mata tsakanin shekaru 8 zuwa 13. Haɗe da haihuwar mata ta farko da tattalin arzikin Amurka, tomboyism tsakanin 'yan mata sun fito ne saboda iyayen' yan mata sun ba da izini ko ma inganta renon yara saboda lalacewar tattalin arziki da yanayin siyasa na Amurka.

## Manazarta
Irene Trowell-Harris

**Irene Trowell-Harris** (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga Satumba, 1939) babbar janarar Amurka ce mai ritaya a rundunar tsaron ƙasa ta Amurka . Ita ce mace ta farko 'yar asalin Afirka da ta kai wannan matsayi.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Trowell-Harris a Aiken da ke Kudancin Carolina, inda iyalinta manoman auduga ne kuma tana ɗebo auduga kamar sauran mutane 12 na iyalinta. Ta sami damar zama ma'aikaciyar jinya yayin da al'ummarta da cocinta suka sami kuɗin da za su aika ta zuwa Kwalejin Aikin Jinya ta Columbia .  A watan Afrilun 1963, Jami'an Tsaron Jiragen Sama na New York sun mai da ita Laftanar ta farko kuma a shekara mai zuwa ta shiga reshen ma'aikacin jinya na jirgin sama na Makarantar Magunguna ta Aerospace da ke San Antonio, Texas . Ta zama ma'aikaciyar jinya ta jirgin sama a watan Fabrairun 1964  sanye da fikafikan jirgin sama na azurfa wanda ya cika burinta na tashi sama da shekaru goma. 

Ta ci gaba da karatun digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Yale a shekarar 1973 da kuma digirin digirgir a fannin ilimi a Jami'ar Columbia a shekarar 1983.  Bayan shekaru uku, an ba ta jagorancin Asibitin USAF na 105 a Newburgh, New York . Wannan shi ne karo na farko da wata ma'aikaciyar jinya ta farko da ke kula da Air National Guard ta kasance ita kaɗai ke kula da asibiti. 

A shekarar 1987 aka ƙara mata matsayi zuwa Manjo Janar a rundunar tsaron ƙasa ta Amurka. Ita ce mace 'yar asalin Afirka ta farko da ta kai wannan matsayi. 

A shekara ta 2001 ta yi ritaya amma ta yanke shawarar ɗaukar wani sabon matsayi na kare haƙƙin tsoffin sojoji. 

An zaɓe ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin "Shuwagabanni 21 na ƙarni na 21" ta hanyar mujallar eNews ta Mata . 

A shekarar 2013 ta sanya kuɗi tare da Gidauniyar Ma'aikatan Jinya ta Amurka don ƙirƙirar "Asusun Jagoranci na Dr. Irene Trowell-Harris" don tallafawa ma'aikatan jinya waɗanda ke da burin zama shugabanni. [1]

## Manazarta
Gidajen Torrid

**Torrid Holdings Inc.** wani kamfanin sayar da mata ne na Amurka wanda Hot topic ke mallakar shi. Duk da yake har yanzu mallakar Sycamore Partners ne, masu mallakar Hot Topic, a cikin 2015, kamfanin ya rabu ya zama Torrid, LLC. Shagon yana ba da tufafi da kayan haɗi masu girma ga mata masu girman 10-30. Torrid ta fara aiki a watan Afrilun shekara ta 2001. An buɗe wurin farko a cikin Brea Mall a Brea, California. Ya zuwa 2024, Torrid tana da shaguna sama da 650 da ke aiki a duk jihohin Amurka da wasu yankuna na Kanada. Torrid ta bude shagon farko a shekara ta 2001,  da kuma shagon kasa da kasa a Kanada (Toronto) a watan Agustan shekara ta 2015.  A watan Yulin 2021, kamfanin ya fito fili a Kasuwancin Kasuwancin New York, a ƙarƙashin alamar CURV . 

A watan Yunin 2025, an ba da sanarwar cewa Torrid za ta rufe shaguna 180 daga cikin shaguna, kusan kashi 30% na sawun tallace-tallace. Abubuwa da yawa sun sa Torrid ta ci gaba da wannan shawarar, gami da fiye da rabin hayar sayar da ita da ta kare a wannan shekara, kuma rahotanni na Q1 2025 sun nuna cewa sama da 60% na tallace-tallace sun kasance a kan layi.

## Kayayyakin
Kayan tufafin shagon an yi niyya ne ga mata. A shekara ta 2005, Torrid ta fadada zaɓin kayayyaki don haɗawa da salon da ya bambanta da kamfanin iyayenta, Hot topic . Torrid tana sayar da kayan haɗi, takalma, kayan ado, sabbin riguna, kayan ado na zamani, wando, wando na Capri, gajeren wando, skirts, riguna, tufafi na waje, tufafi masu kyau, kayan ado.

## Misalai
A watan Fabrairun 2014, an kira Georgina Burke fuska ta farko ta Torrid kuma ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara guda. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014, an sanya hannu kan Philomena Kwao a matsayin fuska ta biyu ta Torrid. 

A cikin 2015, Torrid ta ƙaddamar da kiran jefa jama'a na farko da bincike na samfurin, ta gayyaci abokan ciniki su nemi su yi sauraro don zama fuska ta gaba ta Torrid. Fiye da mutane 14,000 ne suka saurara, tare da wanda ya lashe Lyanna Lynette .  Torrid ya gudanar da bincike na samfurin har zuwa 2019 kuma kwanan nan ya sake farawa a cikin 2024 yana fara binciken samfurin a watan Afrilu na 2024 

Torrid ta gudanar da baje kolin tufafinta na farko a New York Fashion Week a watan Satumbar 2017 . 

## Manazarta
Nüshu

**Nüshu** (Sinanci mai sauƙi; Sinanci na gargajiya; : ; ) rubutun syllabic ne Sanya aka samo daga Haruffa na Sinanci wanda matan kabilanci na Yao suka yi amfani da shi na ƙarni da yawa a Jiangyong, wani gundumar da ke cikin lardin Hunan na kudancin kasar Sin. Daga farkon karni na 21 an yi ƙoƙari na hukuma don sake farfado da rubutun, da kuma alamun sabunta sha'awa tsakanin jama'a. 

Nüshu yana da sauti, tare da kowane ɗayan kusan haruffa 600-700 wanda ke wakiltar syllable. Ayyukan Nüshu wata hanya ce ga mata su bayyana tunaninsu da jiye-jiye da kuma kafa alaƙa da al'umma mai tausayi. Yawanci rukuni na matasa uku ko hudu, mata marasa alaƙa za su yi alkawarin abota ta hanyar rubuta wasiƙu da raira waƙoƙi a cikin Nüshu ga juna. A lokacin, ba a koya wa mata karatu da rubutu na al'ada na kasar Sin ba.

## Fasali da tallafi
An yi amfani da Nüshu don rubuta nau'ikan Sinanci daban-daban da aka sani da Xiangnan Tuhua wanda mutanen Yao na yankin Xiao River da Yongming River na arewacin Jiangyong, Hunan ke magana. Wannan yaren, wanda ya bambanta da na sauran sassan Hunan cewa akwai ƙarancin fahimtar juna, an san shi ga masu magana da shi a matsayin  'Harshe na Dong'. Akwai ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da rarraba Xiangnan Tuhua, saboda yana da siffofi na nau'ikan Sinanci daban-daban. Wasu malamai sun rarraba shi a ƙarƙashin Xiang Sinanci ko Pinghua, kuma wasu malamai suna ɗaukar shi yare ne na haɗe-haɗe. Yawancin mazaunan Jiangyong suna da harsuna biyu a Xiangnan Tuhua da yaren Hunan na Kudu maso Yammacin Mandarin .   Xiangnan Tuhua an rubuta shi ne kawai ta amfani da Nüshu, kuma ba a yi amfani da shi don rubuta wasu harsuna ba, kamar su Mandarin na Kudu maso Yamma da ake magana a Hunan, ko yaren Yao na gida.

## Tarihi

### Asalin Nüshu
Takamaiman asalin Nüshu ya kasance ba shi da tabbas, saboda babu rubuce-rubuce da ke ba da labarin asalin wannan rubutun. Gong Zhebing, mai bincike na farko na Nüshu, ya tattara al'adun baki da labarun da suka wuce ta tsararraki a cikin Jiangyong County. Wadannan asusun sun nuna cewa asalin Nüshu yana da tushe sosai a cikin al'adun gargajiya da al'adun al'adu, haɗuwa da tatsuniyoyi da tarihi.

#### Halitta ta budurwa a fadar
Ɗaya daga cikin tatsuniyoyi ya ba da labarin wata mace mai basira da kyakkyawa daga Jiangyong wacce ta yi fice a cikin waka da zane-zane. Rayuwarta mai ban sha'awa tare da 'yan uwanta mata masu rantsuwa ta lalace lokacin da aka zaba ta zama budurwa a fadar sarki. A ware kuma tana marmarin gidanta da sahabanta, ta kirkiro Nüshu bisa ga tsarin zane-zane don bayyana yadda take ji. Ta aika da wasiƙu da aka rubuta a cikin wannan sabon rubutun ga 'yan uwanta mata, tana koya musu yadda za su fassara shi. Rubutun ya bazu tsakanin mata a Jiangyong, ya zama kayan aiki mai daraja don sadarwa.

## Manazarta
Jane Kagiri

**Jane Wangechi Kagiri** 'yar siyasa ce ta Kenya daga ƙungiyar United Democratic Alliance.  A babban zaɓen Kenya na shekarar 2022, an zaɓe ta a matsayin wakiliyar mata daga gundumar Laikipia. 

## Ilimi
Kagiri ta halarci makarantun ilimi masu zuwa: 

* Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Othaya
* Kwalejin Babson
* Jami'ar Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Amurka
* Jami'ar Madras

## Manazarta

## Duba kuma

* Majalisar Dokokin Kenya ta 13
Flowrence Jematiah Sergon

**Flowrence Jematiah Sergon** 'yar siyasa ce ta Kenya wacce ta kasance memba a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa tun daga watan Agusta na  shekarar 2022. A shekarar 2017 an zaɓe ta a matsayin memba a Majalisar Dokokin Gabashin Afirka (EALA). 

## Rayuwa
An haifi Flowrence Jematiah a gundumar Marigat da ke mazaɓar Baringo ta Kudu. Ta yi karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Marigat da ke Gundumar Baringo, inda ta kasance shugabar makaranta. Daga nan ta yi horo a Kwalejin Horar da Likitoci ta Kenya. Bayan ta shiga siyasa, ta yi aiki a sakatariyar jam'iyyar United Republican Party. A shekarar 2017, an naɗa ta a matsayin mai kula da kamfen ɗin Jam'iyyar Jubilee a gundumomin Baringo, Nakuru da Elgeyo-Marakwet. 

Jam'iyyar Jubilee ta tsayar da ita a matsayin 'yar majalisar dokoki ta Gabashin Afirka, kuma an zaɓe ta ta zama 'yar majalisar EALA da ƙuri'u 252. Ita ce ƙarama a cikin wakilai tara na Kenya a EALA. 

An zaɓe ta a matsayin 'Yar Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa daga Gundumar Baringo a babban zaɓen shekara ta 2022 na Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Demokraɗiyya ta Ƙasa.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Sergon Jematiah Florence
Fatuma Abdi Jehow

**Fatuma Abdi Jehovah** 'yar siyasa ce 'yar Kenya daga gundumar Wajir. 'Yar majalisar dokokin ƙasar Kenya ce,  ita ce wakiliyar mata ta gundumar Wajir a yanzu. Ta lashe kujerar ta hanyar ƙungiyar Orange Democratic Movement a babban zaɓen Kenya na shekarar 2022. Watanni shida kenan da Jehow ta sami kujerar wakilcin mata.

Jehow ya lashe kujerar da kuri'u 36,064 yayin da 'yan takara goma sha ɗaya suka fafata a wannan kujera.  Daga cikin waɗanda ta kayar akwai wakilin mata na gundumar Wajir a wancan lokacin, Fatuma Gedi, wacce ta sami kuri'u 22,956. 

## Aiki
Jehow ta yi karatun digiri na farko a fannin Fasahar Bayanai.  Ta ƙara yin karatun digiri na biyu a fannin Fasaha, Mulki da Ɗabi'a.  Jehow tana da sha'awar warware rikici da kuma hidimar al'umma.  Ƙungiyar Bankuna ta Kenya ta ba ta lambar yabo ta Mafi Kyawun Jami'ar Hulɗa.  Ta yi aiki a matsayin Jami'ar ICT a Bankin Ƙasa na Kenya.  A Bankin Gulf African, ta yi aiki a matsayin Babbar Jami'ar Hulɗa.  Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Mai Ba da Shawara Mai Zaman Kanta a Kamfanin Ba da Shawara kan Ɗabi'a da Mulki. 

## Manazarta
Faith Gitau

**Faith Wairimū Gitaū** 'yar siyasa ce ta Kenya. Ita memba ce ta ƙungiyar United Democratic Alliance (UDA). 

## Aikin siyasa
An zaɓe ta a matsayin wakiliyar mata a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa daga Gundumar Nyandarua a babban zaɓen shekara ta 2017.  An sake zaɓen ta a shekarar 2022.

## Manazarta

## Duba kuma

* Jerin 'yan Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa ta Kenya, 2017–2022
* Majalisar Dokokin Kenya ta 13
Beatrice Adagala

**Beatrice Kahai Adagala** 'yar siyasa ce 'yar Kenya wacce a halin yanzu take aiki a majalisar dokokin Kenya, a matsayin wakiliyar mata ta gundumar Vihiga. 

An zaɓe ta a majalisar dokoki a matsayin wakiliyar mace ta gundumar Vihiga a shekarar 2017, tana wakiltar Amani National Congress. 

A shekarar 2020, tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan majalisa 10 da suka yi kira da a gudanar da bincike kan dukiyar mataimakin shugaban ƙasa William Ruto  An sake zaɓenta a babban zaɓen Kenya, na shekarar 2022. 

## Manazarta

## Duba kuma

* Majalisar Dokokin Kenya ta 12
* Majalisar Dokokin Kenya ta 13
Gladwell Jesire Cheruiyot

**Gladwell Jesire Cheruiyot** 'yar siyasa ce ta Kenya kuma memba ce a jam'iyyar Kenyan African National Union (KANU) tun daga shekarar 2017.  Ita ce tsohuwar Wakiliyar Mata ta Gundumar Baringo.  

## Ilimi
Ta halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Kisan inda ta sami Takardar Shaidar Karatun Firamare ta Kenya (KCPE) daga shekarun 1982 zuwa 1989. Ta sami Takardar Shaidar Karatun Sakandare ta Kenya (KCSE) a Makarantar Sakandare ta Kituro daga shekarun 1990 zuwa 1993. Tsakanin shekarun 1995 da 1998 ta sami Difloma a fannin Magunguna a Kwalejin Horar da Likitoci ta Kenya (KMTC). Ta kuma halarci Jami'ar Kisii inda ta sami digiri na farko a fannin Nazarin Laifuka. 

## Aikin siyasa
Gladwell Jesire ta yi aiki a Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Kenya daga shekarun 2003 zuwa 2017 a matsayin Babbar Ma'aikaciyar Magunguna. An zaɓe ta a Majalisar Dokokin Kenya a matsayin 'Yar Majalisar Dokokin Gundumar Baringo tun daga shekarar 2017 har zuwa yau. Ita memba ce a Kwamitin Sashen Lafiya kuma memba ce a Kwamitin Iko da Gata na Majalisar.  Tana goyon bayan 'Yan Mata da ke guje wa yankewar al'aurar mata, tana rarraba kushin tsafta da kuma ƙarfafa 'yan mata su girma su zama mutane masu amfani, tana kuma horar da mata da mutanen da ke da naƙasa don su rayu ta yau da kullun.  Tana fafutukar kare muradun mata ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa ana magance buƙatun mata da 'yan mata a matsayin ƙungiyar masu sha'awa ta musamman yayin da Majalisar Ƙasa ke gudanar da harkokinta a matsayin Wakiliyar Mata.

## Manazarta
Gladys Boss Shollei

**Gladys Jepkosgei Boss** 'yar siyasa ce ta Kenya wacce a halin yanzu ita ce Mataimakiyar Kakakin Majalisar Dokokin Kenya kuma wakiliyar mata a gundumar Uasin Gishu  Ita memba ce ta United Democratic Alliance.

## Rayuwa ta farko
Gladys ta sami digirin farko a fannin Shari'a daga Jami'ar Nairobi, Difloma a fannin Shari'a daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Kenya, digiri na biyu a fannin Shari'a daga Jami'ar Cape Town, da kuma digiri na MBA daga Jami'ar Noma da Fasaha ta Jomo Kenyatta. 

Ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar jami'a a Jami'ar Nairobi da kuma Mataimakiyar Babban Jami'in Zaɓe na Kenya kafin ta zama Babbar Magatakardar Shari'a na Kenya. 

An kore ta daga muƙaminta na Babbar Magatakardar Shari'a a shekarar 2013 saboda laifukan rashin ɗa'a da cin hanci da rashawa.  Ta ƙalubalanci korar ta a kotu, tana mai jayayya cewa ba a ba ta damar kare kanta ba  kuma duk da cewa Kotun Masana'antu ta amince da karar a matsayin goyon bayanta, kotun ɗaukaka ƙara ta yanke hukunci a shekarar 2014 cewa korar ta halal ne.  A shekarar 2017 an wanke ta daga tuhumar aikata laifukan cin hanci da rashawa da cin zarafin muƙami. 

## Aikin siyasa
An zaɓe ta a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa a matsayin wakiliyar mata ta Uasin Gishu a babban zaɓen shekara ta 2017, wacce ta wakilci Jam'iyyar Jubilee. Ita ce shugabar Kwamitin Dokokin da aka Wakilta. 

A shekarar 2018 ta gabatar da wani kudiri na kwaskwarima ga kundin tsarin mulki wanda zai maye gurbin muƙaman wakilan mata na gundumar da sabbin mazaɓu da nufin ƙara yawan 'yan majalisar dokoki da majalisun ƙananan hukumomi mata.  

Ta ɗauki nauyin Dokar Diyya ta Kenya ta shekarar 2019 wacce ke neman samar da diyya ga waɗanda aka ci zarafinsu a tarihi. 

A zaɓen watan Agusta na shekarar 2022, an sake zaɓenta a matsayin wakiliyar mata ta Uasin Gishu a ƙarƙashin tikitin UDA bayan ta samu ƙuri'u 292,154 a kan 'yar takara mai zaman kanta Kemei Dorcas Chebet, wacce ta sami ƙuri'u 54,742. 

### Sakamakon zaɓe

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Gladys Jepkosgei Boss ta auri Dr Neil Richard Horn a shekarar 2023  Gladys ta auri Sam Shollei kafin su rabu a shekarar 2021. Ita uwa ce ga 'ya'ya biyar. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Manazarta
Dorice Donya Aburi

**Dorice Donya Aburi** 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Kenya. Ita mamba ce a jam'iyyar Wiper Democratic Movement Kenya. 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Aburi a ichuni ward, gundumar Kisii. 

## Aikin siyasa
Ta bar aikinta na mai gabatar da shirye-shirye a rediyo don tsayawa takara a babban zaɓen shekara ta 2017 amma ba a zaɓe ta ba.  An zaɓe ta a matsayin wakiliyar mata a majalisar dokoki ta ƙasa asa daga Gundumar Kisii a babban zaɓen Kenya na shekarar 2022.  Ita mai fafutukar yaƙi da cin zarafin mata ce. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Aburi da mijinta suna da 'ya'ya biyu. 

## Manazarta

## Duba kuma

* Majalisar Dokokin Kenya ta 13
Linet Toto

**Linet Chepkorir Toto** (an haife ta a shekarar 1997) 'yar siyasa ce ta Kenya kuma memba a jam'iyyar UDA.  Bayan babban zaɓen da aka yi a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, 2022, ana kyautata zaton Toto ita ce mace mafi ƙarancin shekaru da aka zaɓa a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa a matsayin Wakiliyar Mata ta Gundumar Bomet.

## Rayuwa ta farko
 
Linet Chepkorir, wacce aka fi sani da Toto, ita ce ɗiya ta uku da aka haifa wa Leonard Lang'at da Betty Lang'at a Chemomul, gundumar Bomet. Ta je makarantar firamare ta Kapsimbiri, inda ta yi karatun KCPE sannan daga baya ta shiga makarantar sakandare ta Kapsimbiri kafin ta koma Sakandare ta Siwot don karatun sakandare.  Ta kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Tharaka a watan Afrilun 2021. 

## Aikin siyasa
An zaɓi Linet a matsayin wakiliya mace a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa ta Gundumar Bomet a babban zaɓen shekara ta 2022.  Ta lashe ƙuri'u 242,775.  Ana kyautata zaton ita ce ƙaramar 'yar majalisa ta 13 a Kenya.

## Matsalolin shari'a
A watan Agusta a shekarar 2023,, wata tsohuwar ma'aikaciya ta shigar da ƙara a ofishinta kan zargin korar Linet Toto daga aiki ba bisa ka'ida ba. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
A ranar 14 ga watan Fabrairu, 2023, an yi mata alkawarin aure.  Ta auri saurayinta Godfrey Kimutai a ranar 4 ga watan Maris a wani bikin gargajiya na Kalenjin Koito. 

## Duba kuma

* Majalisar Dokokin Kenya ta 13

## Manazarta
Hong Myong-hui

**Hong Myong-hui** ko **Hong Myung-hee** (Korean; ; 3 ga Yuli, 1888 - 5 ga Maris, 1968) marubucin litattafan Koriya ne a Lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma daga baya marubucin Koriya ta Arewa kuma jami'in gwamnati.

An haife shi a Dongbu-ri, gundumar Goesan, Lardin Arewacin Chungcheong, inda ya shiga cikin 3.1 Movement a 1919. A cikin shekarun 1920, ya yi aiki a matsayin editan The *Dong-A Ilbo* . Hong kuma na daga cikin kungiyar 'yan kasa ta Koriya Singanhoe wacce aka kafa a 1927. 

Hong ya kafa Jam'iyyar Democrat mai zaman kanta tare da abokan aikinsa An Jae-hong, Kim Ho, Pak Yong-hee,  da Kim Won-yong a ranar 19 ga Oktoba 1947.  Hong ya zama shugaban jam'iyyar. Bayan Yaƙin Koriya, ya rike manyan mukamai daban-daban a Koriya ta Arewa.

An binne shi a Kabari na shahidai na Patriot a Hyongjesan-guyok, Pyongyang, Koriya ta Arewa. Jikansa, Hong Sok-jung, shi ma sanannen marubucin Koriya ta Arewa ne.

## Ayyuka

* *Im Kkokjong* - littafin tarihi wanda ya danganci rayuwar ɗan tawayen Koriya Im Kkokjong (d.1562).

## Dubi kuma

* Littattafan Koriya

## Manazarta
Han Moo-hyup

Manjo-Janar **Han Moo-hyup** (*Alfonso Moohyup Han*, 22 ga Agusta, 1923 - 22 ga Agustan, 2017) ya kasance janar na sojojin Koriya, ɗan kasuwa, kuma babban jami'in gwamnati na Koriya ta Kudu . Ya kasance Shugaban girmamawa na Koriya Esperanto-Asocio,  tsohon babban janar na Jamhuriyar Koriya, kuma Shugaba da mai mallakar Hyundai Insurance. Park Chung Hee, tsohon shugaban Koriya ta Kudu, ya yi bikin auren Han a matsayin tsohon aboki.

## Na Mutum
Han, tun yana ƙarami, ya tsere daga Koriya ta Arewa shi kaɗai kuma ya shiga Sojojin ROK. Bayan Han ya kammala karatu daga babbar Kwalejin Sojojin Koriya a 1948, ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar siyasa da diflomasiyya daga Jami'ar Dankook (1962). Daga nan ya ci gaba da karatun digiri a Jami'ar Hanyang (1965), Jami'ar Tsaro ta Koriya, da Jami'ar Taron Kasa a Washington DC An san Han da dangantaka ta kusa da tsohon shugaban Koriya Park Chung Hee da iyalinsa. Han ya auri Kim Yi-jung, kuma tare suna da 'ya'ya maza uku da mata biyu.

Ya mutu a ranar 22 ga watan Agusta, 2017, ranar haihuwarsa ta 94, a Gundumar Bundang . 

## Ayyuka

### Ayyukan soja
A matsayinsa na kwararren jami'in soja, ya yi aiki a manyan mukamai daban-daban, gami da kwamandan rundunar sojan kasa ta 26, darektan leken asiri (G-2) na Shugabannin Hafsoshin Hafsosara, da kwamandan Cibiyar Horar da Sojojin Koriya. Har ila yau, ya yi aiki ga CIA ta Koriya (National Intelligence Service) a matsayin shugaban bincike. Daga baya, an ba shi kujerar majalisa ta Jam'iyyar New Korea Party mai mulki, amma ya ƙi tayin.

### Ayyukan kasuwanci
Bayan ya yi ritaya daga Sojojin ROK a matsayin babban janar, Han ya zama mai ba da kuɗi kuma ya jagoranci kamfanonin inshora sama da shekaru 15. Ya zama Shugaba kuma mai mallakar Hyundai Insurance (wanda aka fi sani da Dongbang Fire and Marine Insurance Co.) kuma daga baya Shugaba na Haedong Fire & Marine Insurance (Regent Fire Insurance). A matsayinsa na Roman Katolika mai ibada, Han ya kuma kafa Kungiyar 'Yan Kasuwancin Katolika ta Koriya a 1978 kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban.

## ''Manazarta''
Ernest Drezen

**Ernest Karlovich Drezen** (14 ga Nuwamba 1892 - 27 ga Oktoba 1937) ya kasance Esperantist na Soviet (watau mai goyon bayan harshen Esperanto na wucin gadi na duniya) kuma injiniya. Ya kasance shugaban Tarayyar Esperantist ta Soviet (SEU). An kama Drezen kuma an kashe shi a lokacin Babban Purge a cikin shekarun 1930.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Drezen a Latvia a shekara ta 1892 ga dangin mai jirgin ruwa. Ya halarci makarantar sakandare a Kronstadt kafin ya halarci Jami'ar Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic . A lokacin da yake jami'a, Drezen ya kasance mai aiki a cikin ƙungiyar ɗaliban Esperantist. Ya halarci makarantar injiniyan soja a lokacin yakin duniya na farko kuma ya zama jami'in a cikin wani battalion na Tsarist wanda ke da alhakin injiniyan lantarki. Drezen ya shiga cikin Juyin Juya Halin Fabrairu kuma ya shiga Jam'iyyar Socialist Revolutionary Party, sannan Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta biyo baya, kuma ya fara aiki a cikin Red Army. Daga nan sai ya tafi aiki a gwamnatin Soviet a matsayin "mutumin da ke kula da harkokin kasuwanci a kwamitin zartarwa na tsakiya na Soviets". Drezen ya halarci taron Esperantist na uku na Rasha a 1921, lokacin da aka kafa Tarayyar Esperantist ta Soviet. Shi ne ke da alhakin tsara ka'idodin kungiyar, kuma an zabe shi shugabanta. Drezen kuma memba ne na Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda, kodayake ya soki hanyoyin su kuma daga ƙarshe an kore shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na 'yan adawa a 1931.

## Bangaskiya
Drezen ya bayyana roƙon Esperanto a matsayin "wani taimako daga launin toka na rayuwar zamantakewa a cikin mulkin kama-karya na Tsarist". Bayan kirkirar Tarayyar Soviet, Drezen ya kasance memba mai aiki a Jam'iyyar Kwaminis. Ya yi adawa da hada 'yan tawaye da' yan dimokuradiyya a cikin al'ummar Esperantist, kuma ya soki Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda saboda rashin isasshen Kwaminisanci. Drezen ya ba da shawarar tsarin kasa da kasa kuma ya ƙarfafa membobin al'ummar Esperantist na Soviet su kai ga masu gurguzu na Esperantist a wasu ƙasashe. Ya yi imanin cewa matsayin Esperanto na harshen kasa da kasa dole ne a kafa shi kafin a gudanar da yunkurin gurguzu na duniya.

## Manazarta
Vladimir Smurlo

**Vladimír von Smurlo** (mai suna "shmurlo"; 1865-1931) ya kasance dan kasar Rasha ne kuma injiniyan jirgin kasa.

## Rayuwa
Ya yi karatu a Saint Petersburg . Kafin ya koyi Esperanto, ya yi magana da harshen mataimakin Volapük na baya, amma duk da haka ya yi saurin karɓar Esperanto. Ya kaddamar da gasar adabin Esperanto ta farko a Saint Petersburg a shekara ta 1896. A cikin 1905, bayan Juyin Juya Halin Rasha ya koma Stuttgart har zuwa 1908, lokacin da ya koma Riga, inda ya zauna har zuwa mutuwarsa. A shekara ta 1910 ya kafa kungiyar Esperanto La Riga Stelo kuma ya zama shugabanta na farko. Daga 1910 zuwa 1915 ya kasance wakilin UEA a Riga.

Ya yi aiki tare da wasu a kan wallafe-wallafe kamar La *[[La Esperantisto|Esperantist]]*, Internacia Scienca Revuo, Lingvo Internacia da *[[Scienca Gazeto]]* . Ya shirya kuma ya buga mujallar *Riga Stelo*, daga 1910 zuwa 1911. Ya rubuta *ANA (Alfabeta Nomaro-Adresaro)* , wanda aka fi sani da *[[Ariadna fadeno]] ("Ariadne's Thread")* , ƙoƙari na farko a cikin encyclopedia na Esperanto, daga 1914 zuwa 1917. Koyaya, saboda Yaƙin Duniya na I, an tilasta masa ya gudu daga Riga kuma ya buga aikin a cikin kundi biyu daban-daban, waɗanda ba a taɓa buga su a cikin jihar da aka haɗa ba har zuwa 1993.

Smurlo ya kuma tattara Cikakken Labarin Rasha-Esperanto a cikin 1916. A cikin shekarunsa na ƙarshe, yana da sha'awar tsarin da cibiyoyin Lingvo Internacia (Esperanto, kamar yadda aka fi sani a yau).

A cikin 1920 ya kirkiro wani harshe mai taimako da ake kira Arlingo, wanda ya dogara da Esperanto, wanda ba a taɓa buga shi ba.

Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai fasaha a kan Hanyar jirgin kasa ta Trans-Siberia.

## An buga shi

* Biblioteko de Lingvo Internacia Esperanto, ("Library of the International Language Esperanto") (1895) 
* Jarlibro Esperantista ("Littafin Shekara na Esperantist") (1897) 
* Esperanta Universalbiblioteko ("Esperanto Universal Library") (1910-1914) 
* tarin ayyukan asali a cikin Esperanto Verda Radio (1911)

## Manazarta
Seok Joo-myung

**Seok Joo-myung** (Korean: 석주명; Hanja: 石宙明; November 13, 1908 – October 6, 1950) was a Korean lepidopterist who made significant contributions to the taxonomy of the butterfly species of Korea. He was also a noted linguist and pacifist.

An haife shi a Pyongyang, Daular Koriya, a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba, 1908. Rayuwarsa ta kasance mai wahala a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Japan daga 1910 zuwa 1945 kuma wani hari na kwatsam ya kashe shi a ranar 6 ga Oktoba, 1950. Ya kammala karatu daga makarantar Kaesong Songdo Higher Normal School a 1926 sannan ya kammala karatu daga Makarantar Aikin Gona da Forestry ta Kagoshima a Japan a 1929. A cikin 1930, ya zama malamin ilmin halitta a makarantar sakandare ta Songdo kuma ya yi aiki a can na tsawon shekaru 10. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa ga malam buɗe ido da bincike na Jeju. Mutanen Koriya suna kiransa Koriya Fabre, yana haskaka nasarorin da ya samu a lokacin duhu.

## Babban aikin kimiyya
Masana kimiyya na Japan sun ce akwai nau'ikan furannin Koriya 921  amma ya yi ƙoƙari sosai don tattara furannin kabewa 160 mil a duk faɗin Koriya  kuma ya kwatanta alamu kuma ya auna tsawon fuka-fukan gaba tare da mai mulki da kansa. Ya kammala cewa duk da cewa tsarin fuka-fuki sun bambanta, bazai zama nau'o'i daban-daban ba kuma sun kawar da sunayen kimiyya da yawa da ba daidai ba da Jafananci suka sanya kuma sun tabbatar da cewa an canza su da kansu don daidaitawa da mahalli kuma sun rarraba maciji na Chosun zuwa nau'o-nau'i 248. Ya yi marmarin samun 'yancin kai na Chosun don haka ya kafa dutse na farko don rarraba kwari na Choson ta hanyar manyan samfurori da ya lakafta kwari sunan Koriya kuma ya kara ma'ana. Musamman ya ba da sunan malam buɗe ido da ba a gano ba Fluttering Butterfly na Dutsen Jirisan  a karo na farko a duniya.

## Ayyuka na baya da mutuwa
Ya rubuta wani karamin ƙamus Lernolibro de Esperato Kun Vortaeto 1947 saboda yana da hannu sosai a cikin yunkurin zaman lafiya na duniya don tsayayya da mulkin mallaka na Japan. Bai canza sunansa na Koriya zuwa sunan Jafananci ba har sai an sake shi. Ya sauya da son rai zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje na maganin halitta na Jeju a Seogwipo, Tsibirin Jeju a 1943. Yayinda yake aiki a nan na tsawon shekaru biyu, ya yi sha'awar al'adun Jeju kuma ya shahara da binciken Jeju. An buga littattafai guda shida: yaren Jeju, yawan Jeju, takardar Jeju, rubutun Jeju, tarihin kwari na Jeju, da bayanan Jeju. Wadannan albarkatu ne masu mahimmanci don nazarin Jeju.

## Manazarta
Yoon Sang

**Lee Yoon-sang** (Korean; an haife shi a ranar 11 ga Mayu 1968), wanda aka fi sani da **Yoon Sang**, mawaƙi ne na Koriya ta Kudu, mai shirya rikodin, mawaƙi kuma marubucin waƙa.  A halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin farfesa na kiɗa na zamani a Jami'ar Mata ta Sungshin . 

Lee ya fara aikinsa na kiɗa a matsayin mai buga bass a cikin ƙungiyar mawaƙa mai goyon bayan mawaƙin pop Kim Wan-sun . Ya sami tayin fara wasansa na farko daga Kim Kwangsoo, wanda yanzu shine shugaban MBK Entertainment, a shekarar 1990 kuma ya fitar da wani kundin waƙoƙi wanda ya haɗa da abubuwan synthpop mai suna *Vol.1* don nasarar kasuwanci.  An biyo baya *Vol.1* da *Vol.2 Part 1* a shekarar 1992 da *Vol.2 Part 2* a shekarar 1993. *Vol.2* shine mafi kyawun waƙar gwaji da gwaji a cikin kundin waƙoƙin biyu amma har yanzu ya sami nasara ta kasuwanci. Waƙar taken, "가려진 시간 사이로 (Tsakanin Lokacin Hidden / Tsakanin Lokacin Veiled)" ta shahara sosai. 

Lee ta uku album release, Renacimiento a 1996, ya kunshi remakes na waƙoƙi daga da ya gabata albums raira da Faransanci, Italiyanci da Amurka vocals tare da sake sakewa lyrics. Renacimiento na ɗaya daga cikin manyan kundin farko a Koriya da ke haɗa da nau'in kiɗa na duniya kuma ya shahara. Yoon Sang kuma ya fitar da kundin fasaha mai suna Golden Hits a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin haɗin gwiwar kiɗa "NoDance" tare da mai zane-zane Shin Hae-chul.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Yoon ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Kung Hee a shekarar 1987 tare da digiri na farko a cikin yumbu da sana'o'i.  Daga baya ya yi karatu a Amurka, ya kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Kiɗa ta Berklee a 2007 tare da digiri na farko a cikin kira na kiɗa,  kuma ya kammala karatu a Jami'ar New York a 2010 tare da digiri mai girma a fasahar kiɗa. 

Yoon ta auri 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Shim Hye-jin a shekara ta 2002. Ma'auratan sun hadu a shekarar 1998 lokacin da aka jefa Shim a cikin bidiyon kiɗa na waƙar Yoon, "As Always". Suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu: Lee Chan-young (an haife shi a shekara ta 2004) da Lee Jun-young. Ɗansa na fari, Chan-young, ya fara bugawa ƙungiyar yarinya Riize, a ƙarƙashin SM Entertainment, a watan Satumbar 2023, ta amfani da sunansa na Turanci, Anton, a matsayin sunansa na mataki.

## Manazarta
Adomas Jakštas

**Adomas Jakštas** shine sunan alkalami na **Aleksandras Dambrauskas** (8 ga Satumba 1860 - 19 ga Fabrairu 1938), firist na Roman Katolika na Lithuania kuma mai fafutuka. Ya kasance marubucin labaran jarida, sukar wallafe-wallafen, shayari, lissafi da ayyukan falsafa. Ya kuma kasance daya daga cikin magoya bayan farko na harshen Esperanto.

### Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Jakštas a ranar 8 ga Satumba [ 27 ga Agusta]  a Kuronys kusa da Pagiriai ga dangin manoma masu 'yanci na Lithuania waɗanda ke da kimanin hekta 20 (49 acres) na ƙasa. Tun da yake akwai fiye da ɗaya Dambrauskas iyali a ƙauyen, iyalinsa sun sami laƙabi Jakštas daga wani rafi na gida wanda daga baya ya karɓa a matsayin sunansa. Jakštas yana da ɗan'uwa ɗaya da 'yan uwa uku. Biyu daga cikin kawunan Jakštas firistoci ne kuma an haife shi cikin ruhun Katolika. Bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarsa a shekara ta 1870, kawunsa - lauya Petras Vaičiūnas da firist Stanislovas Dambrauskas ne suka dauki nauyin karatun firamare, wadanda suka kai shi Kriukai.

Bayan kammala karatunsa, an nada Jakštas a matsayin malamin gidan wasan motsa jiki na Panevėžys amma ya kasance a can rabin shekara guda. A wasu bukukuwan, duk dalibai ba tare da la'akari da addininsu ba, an tilasta su yi addu'a ga Tsar a cocin Orthodox na Gabas. Jakštas ya zuga daliban Katolika da yawa su yi rashin biyayya ga umarni kuma su yi addu'a ga Tsar a cocin Katolika. Don irin wannan halin da ayyukan masu adawa da Tsarist, an fara tura shi zuwa Masallacin Kretinga Bernardine sannan aka kore shi na tsawon shekaru biyar zuwa Ustyuzhna a cikin Gwamnatin Novgorod a watan Yunin shekara ta 1889. Gwamnati ta ba da rubles shida a wata don tallafi.

### Daular Rasha

Bayan shekaru biyar a gudun hijira, Jakštas ya koma Kaunas a watan Mayu na shekara ta 1894. Ya yi aiki a matsayin malamin gidan yarin Kaunas, mai ikirarin sojoji, da kuma mai gudanar da Ikilisiyar St. Gertrude,  amma saboda rikodin da ya lalace bai iya samun matsayi na dindindin ba har zuwa 1898 lokacin da ya zama farfesa na dokar canon a Kaunas Priest Seminary.  A cikin 1900-1902, ya yi aiki a matsayin sakataren Bishop Mečislovas Leonardas Paliulionis . A cikin 1901, ya wallafa wata kasida game da koyarwar Cocin Rasha a kan ka'idar Tsohon Alkawari a cikin mujallar Faransanci Revue Biblique .  A cikin wannan labarin, Jakštas ya yi ƙoƙari ya tabbatar da cewa ba a ɗauki Littattafan deuterocanonical a matsayin canon a cikin Orthodox na Gabas ba. Wataƙila wannan labarin ya taimaka masa ya koma Kwalejin tauhidin Roman Katolika ta Saint Petersburg a matsayin farfesa na Littafi Mai-Tsarki a cikin 1902. An san shi a matsayin malami mai basira kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta Saint Anna (aji na uku). A lokaci guda, ya koyar da addini a Cibiyar Elizabethan ta Saint-Petersburg da Cibiyar Kseniinsky (makarantu don 'yan mata masu daraja).

## Manazarta
Nils Økland (Mai fata)

**Nils Andreas Økland** (10 Yuni 1882 - 1969) ya kasance dan kasar Norway ne kuma malami a Garin Stord, Norway .  Ya shafe wasu shekaru a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa a tsibirin Utsira, inda mahaifinsa ya kasance malamin makaranta. Nils Økland ya auri Hanna Olava Bergstøl, kuma suna da 'ya'ya maza 3. Mahaifinsa Matthias Larsen Økland (an haife shi a shekara ta 1844) shi ma malamin makaranta ne kuma mawaƙin coci; mahaifiyarsa Signi Nilsdatter (an haifee ta a shekara ta 1853) daga Eidsvåg.  Bayan ya koyi Esperanto ta hanyar kai tsaye ta hanyar abokinsa Haldor Midthus a shekara ta 1904, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban majalisa na reshen Stord na Norwegian Esperanto League.

An haife shi a cikin Garin Valestrand a shekara ta 1882, an tabbatar da Økland a cikin Ikilisiyar Lutheran ta Bishara a shekara ta 1896; firist ɗin Ikklisiya ya yi takamaiman bayanin "sani, himma da halayensa tare da bambanci".  A shekara ta 1900 ya kasance dalibi a kwalejin horar da malamai na Stord. 

Da farko a cikin bazara na 1904, Økland ya koyar da darussan Esperanto a Bethania Waisenhus a Stavanger .  A karkashin jagorancin firist na Ikklisiya na Stavanger, Bethania complex, wanda ke da gidaje kusan marayu 150 a cikin gine-Ginin mafaka guda uku da kuma wasu matasa masu laifi 20 zuwa 30 a wani Cibiyar tsare matasa daban a Lindøy, suna gudanar da shagon bugawa wanda ke samar da jaridu, warƙoƙi na addini da littattafai.

A farkon lokacin ci gaban motsi ya yada Harshe da aka tsara tsakanin abokan aikinsa da kuma ta hanyar jaridu da mujallu. A cikin 1910 da 1912 ya koyar da darussan Esperanto na manya a Haugesund, kuma a cikin 1932 ya koyar da karatun Esperanto na yara a Stord. Økland ya kasance mai binciken makaranta a Rogaland na wasu shekaru. Ya kuma kasance magajin gari (ordførar) na Stord Municipality daga 1932 zuwa 1934, yana wakiltar jam'iyyar Venstre . 

## Mawallafin

Økland ya rubuta littafi na waka, *Heime da Ute*, (Gida da waje), wanda Olaf Norlis forlag ya buga a Kristiania (Oslo) a cikin 1917. Wannan littafin ya ƙunshi waƙoƙi 27, kuma ya haɗa da fassarorin Johann Wolfgang von Goethe da Heinrich Heine .

A shekara ta 1940 ya rubuta wani ɗan gajeren tarihin David Livingstone, wanda Norsk Bokreidingslag ya buga a Bergen. Dukkanin littattafan an rubuta su ne a yaren nynorsk.

## ''Øklandhuset''
A lokacin da yake malamin makaranta a Haugesund, Økland yana da gida mai sauƙi da aka gina a yammacin makarantar. Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II wannan gidan, har yanzu ana kiransa *Øklandhuset* ("gidan Økland") mallakar Sofie Håland ne, wanda ke zaune a kan babban bene kuma ya hayar sauran bene biyu ga Agnes Vikshåland, mai sutura. Ta ci gaba da ɗakunan gyaran gyare-gyare a cikin ɗaki kuma tana aiki da shago a cikin ginshiki.

## Manazarta
Rachel Shebesh

**Rachael Wambui Shebesh** 'yar siyasa ce ta Kenya.  Ita ce mace ta farko da ta wakilci gundumar Nairobi, daga shekarun 2013 zuwa 2017.  A ranar 30 ga watan Oktoba 2021, CAS, wacce ta auri Frank Shebesh, ta gudanar da wani biki na gargajiya mai launuka iri-iri a gidan iyayenta da ke Githunguri inda ta yi bikin kammala bukukuwan aurenta.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Shebesh a ranar 1 ga watan Yuli, 1971. Ta halarci firamarenta a makarantar firamare ta Lavington daga shekarun 1977 zuwa 1985. Ta ci gaba da karatunta a makarantar Kianda daga shekarun 1991 zuwa 1993, kuma a shekarar 2007 ta yi karatun digiri na farko a fannin fasaha a kimiyyar siyasa a Jami'ar Nairobi. 

## Aiki
An naɗa Shebesh a shekarar 2007 a matsayin zakarar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan rage haɗari a Afirka.  A halin yanzu tana kula da harkokin gwamnati a ma'aikatar hidimar jama'a, matasa da harkokin jinsi.  Tana da himma ga ƙungiyar naƙasassu ta Kenya kuma tana taka rawa a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga UNIFEM.  Kafin ta shiga siyasa, Shebesh ta yi aiki a matsayin shugaba a makarantun Marion kuma ta gudanar da wani kamfanin kayan kwalliya da ƙira. 

## Duba kuma

* Esther Passaris

## Manazarta
Kursiyin Øgrim

**Tron Øgrim** (pronunciation Norwegian: [ˈtrʊnː ˈø̂ːɡrɪm]; 27 Yuni 1947 - 23 Mayu 2007) ɗan jaridar Norway ne, marubuci kuma ɗan siyasa. Ya kasance mai aiki a cikin Socialist Youth Union (daga baya Red Youth) daga 1965 zuwa 1973, kuma babban mutum ne a cikin Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Ma'aikata daga 1973 zuwa 1984. Baya ga kasancewa ɗan siyasa, Øgrim marubucin ayyukan siyasa ne da litattafan almara na kimiyya da yawa. Ya kasance sananne ne don sadarwa a cikin yaren gabashin Oslo wanda ba daidai ba, koda kuwa ana sa ran ya yi amfani da Bokmål.

## Siyasa da aikin jarida
An haife shi a Oslo, Øgrim na ɗaya daga cikin mutane masu tasiri a cikin ƙungiyar Marxist-Leninist ta Norway a cikin shekarun sittin da saba'in. Ya kasance daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Ma'aikata, jam'iyyar da ta goyi bayan reshen Kwaminisancin kasar Sin. Tron ya kuma kasance a tsakiyar kafa jaridar Klassekampen da kuma gidan wallafe-wallafen *Oktoba*.

Ya zama ɗan jarida bayan ya bar siyasa a cikin shekarun tamanin, Øgrim yana da shafi na fasaha a cikin fitowar Norwegian na *PC World.* .  An san shi da salon rubuce-rubucensa na musamman, inda ya ki amincewa da ma'auni na rubuce-buce na Norwegian kuma, a maimakon haka, ya rubuta yayin da yake magana, a cikin yaren ma'aikata. Ya kuma rubuta litattafan almara na kimiyya a karkashin sunan *Eirik Austey.*

## Motsi na Esperanto
Wani memba na dogon lokaci na Norwegian Esperanto League (*Norsk Esperanto-Forbund*), duk da haka, bai taɓa karɓar kowane matsayi a cikin ƙungiyar ba. Tron Øgrim sananne ne a cikin ƙungiyar Esperanto don jerin rediyo na *Drømmen om den fullkomne sprak* (Mafarki na cikakkiyar harshe). Da farko a shekara ta 1989, shirye-shiryen sun shafi Falsafar harshe da kuma tsara ko gina harsuna kamar Esperanto da Volapük. Ya ci gaba da fitowa a tarurrukan Esperanto na kasa da kasa kuma an dauke shi a matsayin mai kirki da ilimi, tare da wani bangare mai kyau na rashin mutunci.

## Ayyukan Wikipedia na Norwegian

Malamin kimiyyar kwamfuta na Norway Gisle Hannemyr ya tuna Øgrim a matsayin daya daga cikin masu gyara na Wikipedia na Norway da suka zaɓi Wikipedia a matsayin dandamali don yada ilimi. Baya ga labaransa game da Nepal, ya rubuta a kan harsuna masu gina kamar Esperanto da sauran batutuwa da yawa. Hannemyr ya ce: "Na kuma yi imanin cewa shi ne mai rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo na farko na Norway, tare da shafinsa na Under en stein i skogen ('A karkashin dutse a cikin gandun daji').  Shafin yanar gizon sa yana da tarihin 107 na labaran da ya wallafa,  wanda aka rubuta a cikin harshen Gabashin Oslo. "Ya kasance cikakkiyar mutumin da ya fahimci fasaha da yadda fasaha ke canza al'umma", ya kara da Hannemyr.

## Manazarta
Johan Hammond Rosbach

**Johan Hammond Rosbach** (22 ga watan Agustan 1921 - 7 ga watan Satumbar 2004) marubucin ne kuma Esperantist na ƙasar Norway.

## Bayanan littattafai
Ayyukan da aka fi sani da shi, Fianco de l'Sorto, (Dansk Esperanto Forlag) 1977, an jera shi cikin sanannun ayyukan Esperanto. Fassarar Turanci ta E. J. Lieberman ta amince da ita kuma za a buga ta a matsayin "Fiancé of Fate".

## Haɗin waje

* Johan Hammond Rosbach a NRK AuthorsMarubutan NRK
Kazimierz Badowski

**Kazimierz Badowski** (15 ga watan Agustan 1907, Regów Stary - 6 ga watan Yulin 1990) ya kasance mai fafutukar Kwaminisanci na Poland.

## Rayuwa

### Ayyuka
Da yake aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin tashar jiragen ruwa a Gdańsk, ya tashi ta hanyar ƙungiyar kwadago don zama adadi a cikin Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Poland. A shekara ta 1925, ya bar jam'iyyar a fuskar abin da ya gani a matsayin karuwar ra'ayi na Stalinist. Ya zama Trotskyist, ya kafa Cibiyar Juyin Juya Halin Duniya, cibiyar sadarwa ta al'ada ta daban-daban mai adawa da Stalin, Trotskyists da sauran kungiyoyin Marxist. Ya sami damar tsira daga dukkan sansanonin Nazi ne kawai don Stalin ya ɗaure shi a farkon shekarun 1950 kuma daga 1962 zuwa 1964.

Ya inganta Esperanto a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar Trotskyist.

### Mutuwa
Ya mutu a shekara ta 1990, yana rayuwa daga baya a cikin shanyayye kuma ba zai iya sadarwa ba.

## Haɗin waje

*
Paweł Bejda

**Paweł Jan Bejda** (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1962 a Łowicz) ɗan siyasan Poland ne. Daga 2015 ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na *Sejm*, ƙaramin gidan Majalisar dokokin Poland. A baya, daga 2012 zuwa 2014, ya kasance mataimakin gwamna daya daga cikin larduna 16 na Poland, tsakiya na Łódź.

## Ilimi
Bejda ta kammala karatu a matsayin injiniya (1987) daga Kwalejin Aikin Gona da Fasaha ta Michał Oczapowski (*Akademia Rolniczo-Techniczna*, yanzu sun haɗu da Jami'ar Warmia da Mazury a Olsztyn). Ya kuma kammala karatun gudanarwa na digiri na biyu (2001) a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Lodz (*Politechnika Łódzka*), kuma ya ci gaba da darussan a cikin ƙasa da kuma kula da dukiya (2009) a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Soja ta Jarosław Dąbrowski (*Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna*) a Warsaw, daga baya ya zama mai lasisi a yankuna biyu.

## Ayyuka da aikin siyasa
A cikin 1988 Bejda ya fara aiki a Cibiyar Injin Jiha (Państwowy Ośrodek Maszynowy) a Łowicz . Daga 1990 zuwa 1991, ya kasance mataimakin manajan hadin gwiwa ayyukan Łowiczanka (WUSP) a Poznań; wannan kamfani yana samar da samfuran da suka hada da buroshi, diski mai laushi, chisels na masassaƙa, tashoshin fitilar ƙarfe da fitilun zirga-zirga. Shekaru goma masu zuwa ya rike mukamai na gudanarwa a kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, na farko ga Tarbej sannan daga baya ga Promyk.

## Ayyukan Esperanto
A cikin 2009 Bejda ta goyi bayan bugawa ta ofishin majalisar gundumar Łowicz, *[[Starostwo]],* na Eltondu Łowić-Teron, wani rahoto na gabatarwa na harshen Esperanto game da yankin, wanda Bejda da Eduardo Kozyra suka fassara. An sauƙaƙa bugawa ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa ƙungiyar Esperanto ta Łowicz ta haɗa da fitattun 'yan ƙasa kamar mahaifinsa Władysław Bejda, da kuma Dokta Stephen Brzowski da Maria Wawrzyniec Rostworowski, firist a cikin Tsohon Cocin Katolika Mariavite wanda mahaifinsa bishop ne a wannan cocin.  (Mariavites sun yarda da auren malamai da kuma naɗa mata.) 

## Manazarta