LOHAFEX

**LOHAFEX** wani gwaji ne na hakin ƙarfe na teku wanda Majalisar Binciken Kimiyya da Masana'antu (CSIR) ta haɗa a Indiya da Ƙungiyar Helmholtz a Jamus. Manufar gwajin shine don ganin ko ƙarfe zai haifar da furen algal da kuma kama carbon dioxide daga sararin samaniya. Yayin da furen algae ya haifar, ya yi ƙasa da yadda ake tsammani kuma yayin da zooplankton ke cinye yawancin algae maimakon nutsewa a cikin tekun, adadin carbon dioxide da aka cire na dindindin daga yanayin ana ganin ba shi da kyau. Sakamakon haka ya kasance koma baya ga shirye-shiryen yin amfani da takin ƙarfe na tekuna don haifar da mummunan hayaƙin carbon dioxide.

## Fage
Gwajin ya biyo bayan yarjejeniyar fahimtar juna da Dokta T. Ramaswami, Darakta Janar na CSIR, da Dr. Juergen Mlynek, shugaban gidauniyar Helmholtz, Jamus, suka rattabawa hannu a ranar 30 ga Oktoba, 2007 kan hadin gwiwa a fannin kimiyyar ruwa, yayin ziyarar shugabar gwamnatin Jamus Angela Merkel a Indiya. An gudanar da gwajin ne musamman daga CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, India (NIO), Goa, da Alfred-Wegener Institute of Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Bremerhaven, tare da halartar masana kimiyya daga Chile, Faransa, Spain da Birtaniya. An yi amfani da jirgin ruwan bincike na Jamus, Polarstern, don gwaji a kan jirgin ruwa na ANT XXV/3. Wajih Naqvi na CSIR-NIO da Victor Smetacek na AWI ne suka jagoranta tare. An buga rahotanni na mako-mako na balaguron a gidan yanar gizon AWI.

## Darasi na gwaji
A cyclonic eddy a tsakiya a kan 48 deg S, 16 deg E an zaɓi don hadi. An fara gwajin ne a ranar Jamhuriyar Indiya (26 ga Janairu 2009). Ton 10 (ton 9.8 mai tsawo; 11 gajeriyar tan) na sulfate na sulfate da aka narkar da shi a cikin ruwan teku an baje shi a kan wani yanki mai fadin murabba'in kilomita 300 (120 sq mi), kuma an sanya ido kan facin da aka kirkira na tsawon kwanaki 38 don bincika tasirin ƙari na ƙarfe akan bioogeochemistry na ruwa da yanayin muhalli. Wani karin ƙarfe na irin wannan girman an yi shi bayan makonni biyu. An yi tsammanin cewa ƙarar ƙarfe zai haifar da furen algal, wanda zai haifar da zazzagewar carbon dioxide daga sararin samaniya.

Jirgin ya bar Cape Town a ranar 7 ga Janairu 2009. Yakin ya ƙare bayan kwanaki 70 a ranar 17 ga Maris 2009 a Punta Arenas, Chile.

## 'Yan adawa da zanga-zanga
Bayan zanga-zangar da wasu kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suka yi, gwamnatin Jamus ta ba da umarnin dakatar da gwajin. Masana muhalli sun ji tsoron lalacewa ga yanayin yanayin ruwa daga furen algae na wucin gadi. Masu sukar sun yi iƙirarin cewa ba za a iya gano tasirin takin teku na dogon lokaci ba a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Sauran masu sukar sun ji tsoron shiga cikin babban magudi na tsarin halittu tare da waɗannan manyan gwaje-gwajen injiniyan geo-injiniyanci. Gwamnatin Jamus ta aika da shawarar yin bitar kimiyya da shari'a waɗanda ke tallafawa aikin kuma an ba da izinin ci gaba da gwajin.

Gwaje-gwajen da suka gabata

LOHAFEX ba shine gwajin farko na irinsa ba. A cikin 2000 da 2004, an fitar da kwatankwacin adadin ƙarfe sulfate daga jirgi ɗaya (de: EisenEx gwaji). Kashi 10 zuwa 20 cikin 100 na furen algal ya mutu kuma ya nutse a cikin teku. Wannan ya cire carbon daga sararin samaniya, yana haifar da tasirin da aka yi niyya.

## Sakamako
Kamar yadda ake tsammanin hadi na baƙin ƙarfe ya haifar da haɓaka furen lokacin LOHAFEX, amma haɓakar chlorophyll a cikin facin da aka haɗe, mai nuni ga kwayoyin halitta, ya yi ƙasa da na gwaje-gwajen da suka gabata. Furen algal kuma ya motsa ci gaban zooplankton da ke ciyar da su. Dabbobin zooplankton bi da bi ana cinye su da manyan halittu. Don haka, takin teku tare da baƙin ƙarfe kuma yana ba da gudummawa wajen daidaita yanayin halittun ruwa na nau'in kifi waɗanda aka cire daga cikin teku ta hanyar kamun kifi. Ta hanyar haɓaka samar da farko na ruwa, haɗewar ƙarfe mai girma na iya ƙara haɓakar halittun ruwa.

Ya bambanta da sauran gwaje-gwajen (misali EisenEX) haɓakar algae ta hanyar zooplankton bai bar carbon ɗin da ya dace ba don nutsewa zuwa ƙasan teku. Don haka, ƙarfen da aka yi amfani da shi bai taimaka wajen keɓe carbon dioxide daga sararin samaniya ba.

## Manazarta