Batutuwan muhalli a Saliyo

**Batutuwan muhalli a Saliyo** suna da alaƙa da ayyukan ɗan adam na cikin gida, gami da sare daji, lalacewar ƙasa, Yawan kamun kifi da gurɓataccen ruwa. Rashin gandun daji galibi ana haifar da itace na kasuwanci, amfani da aikin gona da bukatar man fetur, wanda ke haifar da rushewar ƙasa da asarar wuraren zama na namun daji. Ayyukan noma marasa kyau suna rage yawan amfanin ƙasa kuma suna lalata ingancin ƙasa. Yawan kamun kifi ya haifar da raguwar yawan kifi, yana shafar samar da abinci da aikin mazauna. Bugu da kari, fari a yankin ya kara hadarin kiwon lafiya ga yawan jama'a. Gwamnatin Saliyo da kungiyoyi da yawa a halin yanzu suna magance waɗannan matsalolin muhalli ta hanyar kiyaye muhalli da shirye-shiryen ci gaba mai ɗorewa.

## Biodiversity
Saliyo gida ce ga yankuna huɗu na ƙasa: gandun daji na Guinea, gandun daji masu ƙasƙanci na Yammacin Guinea, gandunar daji-savanna mosaic na Guinea, da mangroves na Guinea.

Ayyukan ɗan adam da ake da'awar cewa suna da alhakin ko ba da gudummawa ga lalacewar ƙasa a Saliyo sun haɗa da amfani da ƙasar noma mara kyau, ayyukan sarrafa ƙasa da ruwa marasa kyau, sare daji, cire ciyayi na halitta, amfani da itace mai da kuma karami da kiwo da birni.

Kashe gandun daji, duka don katako na kasuwanci da kuma samar da wuri ga aikin gona, babban damuwa ne kuma yana wakiltar babbar asarar dukiyar tattalin arziki ga ƙasar. Mining da slash da konewa don jujjuya ƙasa - kamar kiwon shanu - ya ragu sosai a ƙasar daji a Saliyo tun daga shekarun 1980. An lissafa shi a cikin ƙasashe masu damuwa game da hayaki, kamar yadda yake da Low Forest Cover tare da High Rates of Deforestation (LFHD).  Akwai damuwa cewa ana ci gaba da yin katako mai nauyi a cikin gandun daji na Tama-Tonkoli a arewa. Masu katako sun faɗaɗa ayyukansu zuwa Nimini, Gundumar Kono, Lardin Gabas; Jui, Gunduma ta Yamma, Yammacin Yamma; Loma Mountains National Park, Koinadougu, Lardin Arewa; kuma tare da shirye-shiryen fara aiki a cikin Kambui Forest Reserve a Gundumar Kenema, Lardin Gabas. Kasar tana da 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ma'auni na 2.76/10, wanda ya sanya shi na 154 a duniya daga cikin kasashe 172. An yanke wasu bishiyoyi bayan yakin don mutanen Leone su sake ginawa. Koyaya, wannan ya haifar da raguwa mai mahimmanci a cikin albarkatun ƙasa.

Rashin lalacewar mazaunin kare na daji na Afirka, *Lycaon pictus*, ya karu, ta yadda aka yi la'akari da cewa an kawar da wannan canid a Saliyo.

Har zuwa shekara ta 2002, Saliyo ba ta da tsarin kula da gandun daji saboda yakin basasa wanda ya haifar da dubban mutuwar mutane. Yawan sare daji ya karu da kashi 7.3% tun ƙarshen yakin basasa. A kan takarda, wuraren kariya 55 sun rufe kashi 4.5% na Saliyo tun daga shekara ta 2003. Wannan ya haifar da raguwar wadatar al'umma. Kasar tana da nau'ikan tsire-tsire 2,090 da aka sani, dabbobi masu shayarwa 147, tsuntsaye 626, Dabbobi masu rarrafe 67, 35 amphibians, da nau'in kifi 99. Yin farauta ba tare da iyaka ba a lokacin yakin ya haifar da raguwar yawan dabbobi da yawa, gami da giwaye, zakuna, da buffalo. Yawancin waɗannan dabbobi yanzu ana iya samun su ne kawai a wuraren ibada. tsetse fly yanzu ya fi rinjaye a yankin kuma ya haifar da karuwar yaduwar cutar barci. Duk da haka, yawan tsuntsayen Saliyo sun kasance iri ɗaya kuma sun haɗa da tsuntsaye na asali kamar cuckoos, owls, da vultures. Gidan Tsaro na Tsibirin Tiwai da Gola Forest Reserves misalai ne kawai na kokarin jin kai don adana namun daji bayan yakin basasa. 

## Ci gaban muhalli
Duk da matsaloli da yawa, Saliyo ta ci gaba sosai wajen juyar da canjin yanayi.

A watan Yunin 2005, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) da Bird Life International sun amince da tallafawa aikin ci gaban kiyayewa a cikin Gola Forest a kudu maso gabashin Saliyo,  wani muhimmin abu

Rashin rayuwa na gandun daji a Saliyo.

A cikin 2015 Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da Manufofin Ci Gaban Ci Gaban (SDGs).  Manufarta ita ce kawo karshen yunwa da talauci a duniya. Har ila yau, yana ƙoƙari ya iyakance hayakin carbon da kuma sauya canjin yanayi. An karfafa wannan daidaitawa a cikin gida ta hanyar ƙungiyoyin noma na kayan masarufi. USAID (Amurka Agency for International Development) kuma tana taimakawa kasashe a cikin rikicin yanayi.

## Makamashi mai sabuntawa
Kimanin mutane biliyan 1.2 a duk duniya ba su da wutar lantarki, wani bangare mai yawa daga cikinsu suna zaune a Afirka ta Kudu. Wannan ya faru ne saboda talauci da yaƙi, waɗanda suka ba da mamaki ga ci gaban tattalin arziki, kiwon lafiya, da burin ilimi mai kyau.

A lokacin kwayar cutar Ebola da COVID-19, hakar ma'adinai (babban tushen wadata ga kasar) ya ragu, kuma dogaro da cinikin duniya ya karu. Gwamnatin Saliyo da masu samar da wutar lantarki masu zaman kansu (IPP) sun ba da tallafin kudi ga Saliyo tare da samar da makamashi da inganta kiwon lafiya da ilimi. Suna fatan kara yawan wadatar Saliyo da bukatar makamashi mai sabuntawa ko mai ɗorewa.

Kungiyoyin kayayyaki suna inganta sauyin yanayi ta hanyar ƙarfafa ma'aikatan gona don aiwatar da ayyukan muhalli da fasahar noma. Matasa ma'aikata sun fi samun fasahar ci gaba da taimakawa a ayyukan noma.

## Manazarta