Hebe na Bonafini

**Hebe María Pastor de Bonafini** (4 ga Disamba 1928 - 20 ga Nuwamba 2022) ɗan gwagwarmaya ne ɗan ƙasar Argentina wanda ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Ƙungiyar Iyayen Mata ta Plaza de Mayo,  wata ƙungiya ta uwaye 'yan Argentina waɗanda 'ya'yansu suka ɓace a lokacin mulkin kama-karya na soja na Tsarin Sake Tsarin Mulki .   

## Sana'a

### Iyayen Plaza de Mayo (1979-1986)
A matsayinta na shugabar ƙungiyar Uwayen Plaza de Mayo tun daga shekarar 1979, Bonafini ta yi magana don kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, a Argentina da kuma ƙasashen waje, inda ta sami karɓuwa daga ƙasashen duniya; ta sami kyautar UNESCO don Ilimi Mai Zaman Kanta a shekarar 1999. Ta rungumi kiran *Aparición con vida* ( *Ka sa su bayyana a raye* ) a shekarar 1980, Bonafini ta buƙaci a gaggauta ba da rahoto game da duk waɗanda suka ɓace, ciki har da 'ya'yanta maza, waɗanda suka kasance membobin ƙungiyar 'yan tawayen marxist mai suna Montoneros, waɗanda tare da sauran ƙungiyar kwaminisanci, Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, suka kai hare-haren ta'addanci sama da 10,000 waɗanda suka yi sanadiyyar mutuwar mutane sama da 1,000. A tsakiyar sassauta takunkumi a hankali, ta shirya wani gangamin juriya a kan Avenida de Mayo a ranar 10 ga Disamba 1982. Wannan taron ya kasance karo na farko da ƙungiyar ta yi tattaki a wajen Plaza de Mayo, kuma karo na farko da taron jama'a masu goyon baya suka haɗu da ita. 

Bayan komawa ga mulkin farar hula a shekarar 1983, rarrabuwar kawuna ta fara bunƙasa a cikin ƙungiyar dangane da ci gaban da Shugaba Raúl Alfonsín ya samu a lokacin da yake gabatar da ƙarar da ya yi kan waɗanda suka aikata Yaƙin Datti . Alfonsín ya kafa Shari'ar Juntas ta 1985; amma shawarar da aka yanke na takaita shari'ar ga manyan membobin gwamnatin soja guda tara, da kuma wankewar da aka yi wa biyar daga cikinsu, ta ƙara tayar da hankalin Bonafini, waɗanda suka yi imanin cewa shugaban zai ƙi ƙara gurfanar da su saboda la'akari da siyasa. Ƙungiyar Uwaye ta rabu a shekarar 1986, inda ta kafa ƙungiyoyi biyu masu mambobi kusan 2,000 kowannensu: Ƙungiyar Uwaye na Plaza de Mayo ta Bonafini, da kuma Ƙungiyar Uwaye na Plaza de Mayo—Layin Kafa. An gano Bonafini gabaɗaya a cikin ƙungiyar da ta fi tsattsauran ra'ayi, inda ta zaɓi ta ba da hujjar hanyoyin da 'yan daba suka bi a lokacin mulkin kama-karya. 

### Mulkin kama-karya bayan soja
Bayan hare-haren 11 ga Satumba, 2001, Bonafini ta haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce a duniya lokacin da ta kare ayyukan masu satar jiragen sama na 'yan ta'adda, tana mai cewa, "Na ji cewa akwai mutane da yawa a wannan lokacin waɗanda suka yi farin ciki kuma suka ji cewa an ɗauki fansar jinin mutane da yawa a wannan lokacin ... saboda hare-haren bama-bamai na NATO, shingen da aka yi da kuma miliyoyin yara da suka mutu sakamakon yunwa a wannan duniyar, wannan ya faru ne saboda wannan iko da waɗannan mutanen suka kai hari, da jikinsu. Kuma kowa ya san hakan." Bonafini ta tsaya a bayan goyon bayanta ga ƙungiyoyi da ake zargi da ta'addanci kamar FARC .  , shugaban ƙungiyar etarran Askapena, an gayyace shi a matsayin baƙo malami a Jami'ar Uwayen Plaza de Mayo. 

'Yar jarida Horacio Verbitsky ta soki goyon bayanta ga hare-haren ta'addanci, kuma Bonafini ta amsa, "Verbitsky bawan Amurka ne. Yana karɓar albashi daga Gidauniyar Ford kuma, baya ga kasancewarsa Bayahude, shi  gaba ɗaya."  An zarge ta da nuna wa Yahudawa ƙiyayya, amma ta musanta hakan ta hanyar cewa kawai tana da niyyar bayyana Verbitsky a matsayin wakilin Amurka.  Verbitsky ta nemi a saka faifan hirar da aka yi da mujallar da ta buga su, kuma ta tabbatar da cewa Bonafini ta faɗi abin da mujallar ta ruwaito ta ce.  Ta haifar da ƙarin ce-ce-ku-ce a shekarar 2005 ta hanyar cewa, yayin da Paparoma John Paul na Biyu "ya aikata zunubai da yawa, zai je jahannama." Ta ƙara da cewa "ba ta faɗi fiye da abin da Cocin Katolika na Roman ya koya mini ba." 

Dangantakar gwamnatin Néstor da Cristina Fernández de Kirchner da Bonafini ta yi kyau sosai. Shugaba Néstor Kirchner ya karɓi Bonafini a Casa Rosada cikin kwanaki bayan rantsar da shi a ranar 25 ga Mayu, 2003, kuma ya yi ta tuntubar ta akai-akai a lokacin da yake kan mulki.  

Bonafini ta sanar a watan Janairun 2006 cewa ƙungiyarta za ta dakatar da taronta na shekara-shekara na juriya saboda amincewa da nasarar Shugaba Néstor Kirchner na samun Dokar Tsaida da Dokar Biyayya (matakai biyu na zamanin Alfonsín waɗanda suka kawo ƙarshen mafi yawan shari'o'in Yaƙi) sun bayyana rashin bin ƙa'ida. [1] Ƙungiyar Uwayen Plaza de Mayo, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Bonafini, ta amfana daga ƙarin kuɗaɗen gwamnati a lokacin gwamnatocin Kirchner, kuma ta faɗaɗa tasirinta ta hanyar jarida ( La Voz de las Madres ), gidan rediyo, da jami'a ( Jami'ar Jama'a ta Uwayen Plaza de Mayo ). [2]

## Manazarta