Constantine Apostolic Doxiadis

**Constantinos A. Doxiadis** (14 ga Mayu 1913 - 28 ga Yuni 1975), sau da yawa ana kiransa C. A. Doxadis, masanin gine-gine ne na Girka kuma Mai tsara birane. A cikin shekarun 1960, shi ne jagoran gine-gine da mai tsara Islamabad, wanda zai zama sabon babban birnin Pakistan. Daga baya aka san shi da mahaifin ekistics, wanda ya shafi kimiyyar al'amuran da yawa na mazaunan mutane.

## Ka'idoji
Doxiadis shine mahaifin "ekistics", wanda ya shafi kimiyya na mazaunan mutane, gami da yanki, birni, tsara al'umma da ƙirar gidaje. Doxiadis ne ya kirkiro kalmar a cikin 1942 kuma babban abin da ke motsawa ga ci gaban kimiyya shine fitowar manyan ƙauyuka masu rikitarwa, suna kula da ƙauyuka na yanki har ma da birni na duniya [dubious - tattauna]. Koyaya, ekistics yayi ƙoƙari ya haɗa da duk ma'auni na mazaunin ɗan adam kuma yana da niyyar koyo daga tarihin archaeological da tarihi ta hanyar kallon ba kawai manyan birane ba, amma, kamar yadda zai yiwu, a cikin jimlar tsari. 

Doxiadis kuma ya kirkiro kalmar *entopia*, ta fito ne daga kalmomin Helenanci εν ("a") da τόπος ("wuri").

## Tasiri
A cikin shekarun 1960 da 1970, mai tsara birane da kuma gine-gine Constantinos Doxiadis ya rubuta littattafai, karatu, da rahotanni ciki har da wadanda suka shafi yiwuwar ci gaban Great Lakes Megalopolis . [1] A mafi girman shahararsa, a cikin shekarun 1960, ya yi jawabi ga Majalisa ta Amurka game da makomar biranen Amurka, hotonsa ya kwatanta murfin gaba na mujallar Time, kamfaninsa Doxiadis Associates yana aiwatar da manyan ayyuka a cikin gidaje, ci gaban birane da yanki a cikin kasashe sama da 40, Cibiyar Kwamfuta (UNIVAC-DACC) ta kasance a kan gaba da fasahar kwamfuta ta Lokaci kuma a cikin shekara-shekara "Delos Symposium" World Society of Ekistics ta ja hankalin manyan masu tunani da masana a duniya.

## Works

Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun ayyukan tsara gari shine Islamabad . An tsara shi a matsayin sabon birni an cika shi sosai, ba kamar sauran shawarwarinsa da yawa a cikin biranen da suka riga sun kasance ba, inda sauya ikon siyasa da tattalin arziki bai ba da damar cikakken aiwatar da tsare-tsarensa ba. Shirin Islamabad ya raba motoci da mutane, yana ba da damar sauƙin sauƙin shiga sufuri da kayan aiki na jama'a, kuma yana ba da izinin fadadawa da ci gaba ba tare da rasa sikelin ɗan adam na "al'ummomin" nasa ba.

A Riyadh, Doxiadis ya sake daidaita birnin a kan hanyar kudu maso yammacin arewa maso gabas, yana fassara "birni da aka tsara... kama da babban masallaci da ke fuskantar Makka".  Ayyukansa sun kasance wani ɓangare na taron gine-gine a Gasar fasaha a gasar Olympics ta 1936 . 

## Kyaututtuka

* Girkanci War Cross, don hidimomin da ya yi a lokacin yakin 1940-41 (1941) 
* Order of the British Empire, don ayyukansa a cikin Girka Resistance da kuma hadin gwiwarsa tare da Sojojin Allied, Gabas ta Tsakiya (1945) 
* Order of the Cedar of Lebanon, don gudummawar da ya bayar ga ci gaban Lebanon (1958) 
* Order of the Phoenix don gudummawar da ya bayar ga ci gaban Girka (1960) 
* Kyautar Sir Patrick Abercrombie ta Ƙungiyar Gine-gine ta Duniya (1963) 
* Cali de Oro (Mexican Gold Medal) Kyautar Society of Mexican Architects (1963) 
* Kyautar Kyautattun, Kamfanin Masana'antu na Amurka (1965) 
* Kyautar Aspen don Humanities (1966) 
* Umurnin Yugoslav Flag tare da Golden Wreath (1966) 

## Manazarta