Rikicin Islama a Burkina Faso

Yakin da ke gudana da rikice-Rikicin basasa tsakanin Gwamnatin Burkina Faso da 'yan tawayen Islama sun fara ne a watan Agustan shekarar 2015 kuma ya haifar da gudun hijira sama da mutane miliyan 2 da mutuwar akalla fararen hula da mayakan 20,000.

An fassara yakin a matsayin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Burkinabé na tawaye a Sahel.

## Tarihi

Blaise Compaoré, shugaban Burkina Faso daga 1987 zuwa 2014, ya bi da Islama da kyau fiye da yadda jami'an mulkin mallaka na Faransa suka yi. Mai ba da shawara na Mauritanian na Compaore, Moustapha Ould Limam Chafi, da Janar Gilbert Diendéré, dukansu sun tuntubi shugabannin Islama da yawa don 'yantar da masu garkuwa da waɗannan kungiyoyin.

Burkina Faso ta yi aiki a matsayin matsakanci a lokacin Yaƙin Mali tsakanin 'yan tawaye da gwamnati. Burkina Faso ta jagoranci shiga tsakani a kasar a shekarar 2013. Koyaya, a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014, an hambarar da Compaoré, yana nuna ƙarshen mulkinsa kuma yana haifar da yanayin rashin kwanciyar hankali.

## Jerin lokaci

### 2015–2016
A ranar 23 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2015, ta'addanci a Maghreb ya bazu zuwa Burkina Faso, ya fara da hari kan wani 'yan sanda da ake zargi da mambobin Boko Haram.  Tsakanin watan Agustan 2015 da Oktoba 2016, an kai hari kan wurare daban-daban guda bakwai a duk faɗin ƙasar, inda aka bar mutane 15 da suka mutu kuma 11 suka ji rauni. A ranar 9 ga Oktoba, an kashe 'yan sanda uku, ɗan tawaye ɗaya, da farar hula ɗaya yayin yaƙi a  , Hauts-Bassins.   A ranar 31 ga Mayu 2016, an harbe jami'an 'yan sanda uku a Intangom. A ranar 1 ga Satumba 2016, ƙungiyar masu jihadi biyu zuwa huɗu sun kashe wani jami'in kwastam da wani farar hula a Markoye, inda suka ji wa wasu mutane uku rauni. Kwanaki biyu bayan haka, 'yan ta'adda na Sahrawi Adnane Abou Walid Al-Sahraoui sun yarda da alhakin harin.

A ranar 15 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2016, 'yan ta'adda sun kai hari babban birnin Ouagadougou, inda suka kashe mutane 30. Al-Qaeda a cikin Maghreb na Musulunci da Al-Mourabitoune dukansu sun dauki alhakin.

### 2017
A cikin 2016, yawan hare-haren ya karu bayan an kafa sabuwar kungiyar Ansarul Islam, karkashin jagorancin imam Ibrahim Malam Dicko. Kungiyar tana aiki sosai a yankunan iyaka na Mali da Burkina Faso. An mayar da hankali ga yawancin hare-haren a lardin Soum.   A ranar 16 ga watan Disamba, Ansarul Islam ta kashe mutane da yawa a harin da aka kai Nassoumbou .  A ranar farko ga watan Janairun 2017, an kashe wani Imam da kuma mai laifi daga Asarul Islam a Tongomayel .  Watanni biyu bayan haka, an kashe wani malami a ƙauyen Kourfayel  , lardin Soum. A ranar 22 ga watan Maris, jami'an tsaro sun harbe shugaban Ansarul Islam, Harouna Dicko, a Pétéga. A wannan lokacin, an kashe jimlar mutane 70, mafi yawansu sojoji, 'yan sanda da jami'an' yan sanda, a cikin jerin hare-hare 20.

Tsakanin 27 Maris - 10 Afrilu 2017, gwamnatocin Mali, Faransa, da Burkina Faso sun kaddamar da aikin hadin gwiwa mai suna "Operation Panga", wanda ya kunshi sojoji 1,300 daga kasashe uku, a cikin gandun daji na Fhero, kusa da iyakar Burkina Faso-Mali, wanda aka dauka a matsayin wuri mai tsarki ga Ansarul Islam. A ranar 5 ga Afrilu, Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin ya fashe wani na'urar fashewa a kan motar soja ta Faransa, inda ya ji wa mutane biyu rauni. Wani dakarun hadin gwiwa sun sami 'yan ta'adda yayin aikin bincike, amma mambobin kungiyar Islama masu dauke da makamai sun sake kai hari, inda suka kashe wani sojan Faransa. A cikin kwanaki goma sha biyu da suka biyo baya na bincike, an kashe masu jihadi biyu, an kama takwas, kuma an kama mutane 200 da ake zargi.   Sojojin Faransa da sauri suka koma harin, tare da hare-hare da yawa da suka samu nasara a kan manufofin soja.

A ranar 27 ga Mayu, a Pétéga, 'yan ta'adda sun kashe wani dan sanda da ya yi ritaya. A daren 2 ga Yuni, an kashe akalla mutane biyar, ciki har da ma'aurata da ɗansu, a hare-haren da aka yi niyya a fadin lardin Soum. A ranar 9 ga Yuni, sojojin sun tarar da mazauna ƙauyuka 74 a garin Djibo da ake zargi da haɗin gwiwa tare da Ansarul Islam. An azabtarwa da yawancin mazauna ƙauyen, biyu sun mutu. A ranar 12 ga watan Yulin, an yi harbi tsakanin sojojin gwamnati da mayakan jihadi, ba tare da wani rauni ba.

Shugaban Ansarul Islam, Ibrahim Malam Dicko, an kashe shi a watan Yunin 2017. Jafar Dicko ne ya gaje shi. A daren 24 ga Yuli, an kashe mambobi biyar na Ansarul Islam a ƙauyukan Ndidja, Sibé da Neyba, lardin Soum, watakila ta sabon shugabanci

A ranar 14 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2017, 'yan ta'adda biyu sun shiga gidan cin abinci a Ouagadougou, inda suka kashe mutane 18 kafin hukumomin Burkina Faso su harbe su

A ranar 17 ga watan Agusta, wata motar sojojin Burkinabè ta rufa a kan wani fashewa a Touronata, inda ta kashe mutane uku kuma ta jikkata wasu biyu. A ranar 15 ga watan Satumba, 'yan ta'adda ne suka kashe mutane uku, ciki har da imam da shugaban ƙauyen, a lardin Soum. A ranar 23 ga watan Satumba, sojoji bakwai sun mutu a fashewar bam. Kwanaki uku bayan haka, 'yan sanda biyu sun mutu a wani kwanton bauna da mayakan jihadi suka yi. A ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, Sojojin Burkina Faso sun kashe masu jihadi 12 a ƙauyen Ariel

### 2018

A ranar 2 ga Maris 2018, Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin Ouagadougou_attacks" id="mwASc" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2018 Ouagadougou attacks">ya kai hari ofishin jakadancin Faransa a Ouagadougou da kuma janar na sojojin Burkinabè. Sojoji takwas da 'yan ta'adda takwas sun mutu, kuma wasu sojoji 61 da fararen hula 24 sun ji rauni.

A cikin 2018, tawaye ya bazu zuwa gabashin kasar. 'Yan bindiga na Jihadist sun kaddamar da hare-hare uku a ranar 13 ga Yuni: a Tindangou, a kan wani sansanin' yan sanda, da kuma ofishin' yan sanda da brigade na Comin-Yanga .  A ranar 12 ga watan Agusta, 'yan bindiga sun kashe mutane shida a wani fashewar bam a Boungou, kusa da Fada N'Gourma. A daren ranar 27 ga watan Agusta, an kashe sojoji takwas na Burkinabe a wani fashewar bam da mayakan jihadi na Pama suka yi. A daren 14 ga Satumba, mayakan Jihadist sun kashe mutane tara a ƙauyukan Diabiga da Kompiembiga ciki har da shugaba na addini. 'Yan tawaye sun sace ma'aikata uku a cikin ma'adinin zinariya - wani Indiya, wani dan Afirka ta Kudu da kuma wani dan Burkinabe, inda suka kashe' yan sanda uku na Burkinabe a cikin aikin. A ranar 4 ga Oktoba, sojoji shida na Burkinabé sun mutu bayan rundunar sojojinsu ta gudu a kan wani na'urar fashewa. A wannan dare, sojoji arba'in na Musulmai sun kaddamar da hari kan 'yan sanda na cikin gida a Inata. Kashegari, 'yan sanda shida sun mutu a wani bam din da aka yi a kusa da Sollé.

A farkon watan Oktoba, Sojojin Burkina Faso sun kaddamar da babban aikin soja a Gabashin kasar, tare da goyon bayan Faransa. A ranar 3 ga watan Disamba, 'yan sanda na Burkinabé sun kori wani kwanton bauna a Bougui, kilomita goma daga Fada N'Gourma, inda suka kashe' yan bindiga shida kuma suka ji wa wani rauni.

### 2019

A ranar 1 ga Janairun 2019, 'yan ta'adda sun kashe mutane ashirin a ƙauyen Yirgou, Sashen Barsalogho. Mazauna ƙauyen, galibi 'yan kabilar Mossis da ke zargin Fulani da alakarsu da' yan ta'adda, sun kashe mambobin Fulani na garin a cikin Kisan kiyashi na Yirgou. An kashe mutane 72 kuma sama da 6,000 sun rasa muhallinsu saboda tashin hankali.

A ranar 10 ga watan Janairu, wani rukuni na mayakan jihadi 36 sun kashe fararen hula goma sha biyu a Gasseliki. Bayan kwana 17, an kashe wasu fararen hula goma a Sikiré, kusa da Arbinda. A ranar 28 ga watan Janairu, an kashe sojoji hudu na Burkinabé kuma wasu biyar sun ji rauni a Nassoumbou. Daga 3-4 ga Fabrairu, an ruwaito cewa mayakan jihadi sun kashe fararen hula 14 a Kaïn, kilomita 80 daga Ouahigouya .  A ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, sojojin sun kashe masu jihadi 146 a cikin sassan Kaïn, Banh da Bomborokuy. Human Rights Watch ta yi zargin cewa sojoji sun aiwatar da kisan gilla da yawa. Ƙungiyar Burkinabé don 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a ta ba da rahoton cewa duk da cewa ba a sami wata hujja game da harin da 'yan ta'adda suka kai a Kain a wannan ranar ba, sojojin gwamnati sun kashe fararen hula kusan sittin.

### 2025
A ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, sojojin Burkinabe sun ba da sanarwar cewa sun "tsare" akalla 'yan ta'adda 73 da ake zargi a lardin Sourou, a yammacin kasar.

A ranar 28 ga watan Maris, JNIM ta kai hari kan sojojin Burkinabe a Diapaga, Yankin Gabas, inda ta kashe akalla sojoji sittin. Harin ya kasance fansa ga kisan gillar da aka yi wa fararen hula sama da 58 a Solenzo a ranar 11 ga watan Maris.

A ranar 11 ga watan Mayu, mayakan JNIM sun kai hari wurare da yawa ciki har da asibitoci, sansanonin soja da kayan aikin farar hula da kuma ofishin 'yan sanda da kasuwa a garin Djibo. Sojojin sun kasa mayar da harin kuma a sakamakon haka an kashe fararen hula da sojoji tsakanin 100 da 200.

A ranar 12 ga watan Mayu, JNIM ta sake kai hari kan Diapaga. A wannan lokacin, sun mallaki garin na sa'o'i da yawa, suna lalata gine-gine da abubuwan tunawa, da kuma sakin fursunoni daga kurkuku na gida, wanda ke riƙe da masu tayar da kayar baya.

A ranar 27 ga watan Mayu, Sojojin Burkianabe sun sake kwace garin Gassam a yankin Boucle du Mouhoun . An ruwaito cewa, an kashe kimanin 'yan bindiga 87 a cikin harin

A ranar 1 ga Yuni, JNIM ta karɓi sansanin soja a Koumbri, Lardin Yatenga, inda ta kashe sojoji 45 na Burkinabe da 'yan bindiga 10 na VDP

A ranar 9 ga Yuni, BIR na 27 na Sojojin Burkinabe ya sake shiga Diapaga bisa ga watsa shirye-shirye daga Rediyo Télévision du Burkina, bayan ya bar Fada N'gourma makonni biyu da suka gabata.

A ranar 16 ga Yuni, JNIM ta lalata hasumiyar sadarwa a  , kilomita 15 daga Fada N'gourma . &nbsp;

## Yanayin jin kai

Rikicin jin kai ya ɓarke bayan rikici, tare da dubban mutane da bangarorin biyu suka kashe. UNHCR ta kiyasta cewa shida cikin goma da suka rasa muhallinsu a Sahel sun fito ne daga Burkina Faso.

Sojojin gwamnati sun kashe adadi mai yawa [yana buƙatar ambaton don tabbatarwa] na fararen hula, ba tare da daidaituwa ba da kabilun Fulani.  [daidaitaccen tabbatarwa] A watan Oktoba na 2019, sojoji 14 sun cire turbancinsu, sannan suka tilasta su shiga cikin babbar mota kuma suka kashe su. Fulanis sun kuma fuskanci tashin hankali daga fararen hula masu goyon bayan gwamnati, kamar a lokacin Kisan kiyashi na Yirgou na 2019, inda aka kashe daruruwan fararen hula da kabilun Mossis suka kashe.

A cikin 2020, an gano wani babban kabari na fararen hula sama da 180 a kusa da Djibo, wanda sojojin gwamnati suka kashe. Takaitaccen kisa da laifukan yaki da sojoji suka yi sun zama abin da ya faru a garin. A wani lamari daban, an kashe fararen hula 10 a wani kasuwa a Petagoli, uku daga cikinsu 'yan kasashen waje Dogon ne daga Mali.

Jihadists kuma suna da laifi na cin zarafin bil'adama. Har ila yau, masu bin addinin Islama sun yi niyya ga makarantu, sanannen misali da ya faru a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 2018, lokacin da masu bin addinai shida suka shiga makarantar firamare, suka yi wa shugaban hari, kuma suka kai hari ga dalibai da yawa. Wannan yana daya daga cikin ƙananan shari'o'in da aka kama mutanen da ke da alhakin irin wannan harin. 'Yan tawaye sun tabbatar da hare-hare a makarantu ta hanyar fentin su a matsayin shirye-shiryen koyarwa na Faransanci da Yamma. An rufe makarantu da yawa, wanda ya haifar da kimanin yara 300,000 ba tare da samun damar zuwa ilimi ba. An tsoratar da mazauna ƙauyen a rayuwarsu ta yau da kullun, sau da yawa an hana su yin baftisma ko aure; kisan dattawa ya zama abin da ya faru. Daga Afrilu 2019 zuwa Janairu 2020, Human Rights Watch ta yi rikodin kisan akalla fararen hula 256 a cikin jerin hare-hare daban-daban 20.

* Rikicin jihadi a Nijar

## Manazarta