Ƙungiyar Yahudawa don Kare 'yan mata da mata

**Ƙungiyar Yahudawa don Kare 'yan mata da mata (JAPGW)** , wanda aka kafa a 1885 a matsayin **Kungiyar Mata ta Yahudawa don Ayyukan Rigakafi da Ceto**, ƙungiya ce ta Yahudawa ta Burtaniya da mata suka kafa don manufar yaki da fataucin mutane a cikin Yahudawa da mata matasa na Gabashin Turai. Yayin da ayyukanta ke ci gaba, maza ma sun shiga ƙungiyar. JAPGW ta jagoranci gwagwarmayar kasa da kasa game da fataucin mata don cin zarafinsu a karuwanci, ta ba da taimako ga wadanda abin ya shafa kuma ta ga farfado da sana'arsu. Kungiyar ta daina ayyukanta a 1947, a ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na II . 

## Yawan jama'a na Yahudawa na ƙarni na 19 da fataucin mata Yahudawa
Yawan Yahudawa na Gabashin Turai ya karu da sauri a cikin karni na 19. A cikin 1800, wasu Yahudawa miliyan 1.25 sun zauna a Rasha, Poland, Romania da Galicia, kuma a shekara ta 1900 wannan adadin ya karu zuwa miliyan 6.2. Wannan saurin ci gaba ya haifar da manyan canje-canje na yawan jama'a da rashin kwanciyar hankali na zamantakewa. Hanyoyin tattalin arziki sun kasance a bayan bukatun yawan jama'a masu yawa, kuma karancin ya haifar da babban yunkuri na ƙaura. Tsakanin 1880-1914, Yahudawa miliyan 6.2 sun fita ta kan iyakokin kasa da kasa. Sun bar Gabashin Turai da Tsakiyar Turai zuwa Amurka tare da manufar inganta rayuwarsu. Da yawa daga cikinsu ba su kai inda suka nufa ba, sun tsaya a kasashe a Kudancin Amurka ko Yammacin Turai, saboda damar da tsammanin samun nasara a can. Sauran 'yan gudun hijira sun tilasta musu canjin makomarsu ta hanyar yanayi. A cikin wannan rukuni da farko akwai matan Yahudawa, daga cikinsu manya da matasa, wasu daga cikinsu da suka yi aure, waɗanda aka yaudare su ta hanyoyi daban-daban don shiga kasuwancin jima'i wanda ya fito tare da ƙaura.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Al'ummar Yahudawa a Landan kafin 1880 sun kunshi galibi Yahudawa na Sephardic da na Tsakiyar Turai na manyan zamantakewar al'umma. Bayan yawan ƙaura daga Gabashin Turai, girman da abun da ke cikin al'ummar Yahudawa a Burtaniya sun canza. A cikin shekarun 1880-1914, yawan Yahudawa na London ya karu daga 40,000 zuwa 200,000. Yawancin Yahudawa da suka isa London daga Daular Rasha sun fi mayar da hankali a Gabashin Gabas. A matsayin 'yan Gabashin Turai, sun bambanta sosai a bayyanar da al'adu daga tsoffin Yahudawa na London. Garin sababbin sun kasance alama ce ta yanayin talauci, yawan jama'a, da rashin tsabta. Wadannan yanayi sun kawo aikata laifuka, daga cikinsu akwai bautar fararen fata: wani sabon abu na kasa da kasa na maza da mata waɗanda suka shiga cikin kasuwancin jima'i, gami da matan Yahudawa. Yana da wahala a kiyasta yawan matan da aka yi ciniki a wannan hanyar, amma aiki ne na kasa da kasa wanda kasancewarsa ta bayyana kuma ta shuka tsoro tsakanin Yahudawa na duniya: sun yi zargin cewa matalauta masu ƙaura na Gabashin Turai da ke da alaƙa da aikata laifuka za su nuna musu kuma su haifar da adawa da Yahudawa.

## 1885-1896: Ƙungiyar Mata ta Yahudawa don Ayyukan Rigakafi da Ceto
Constance Rothschild, Lady Battersea, wata 'yar Burtaniya ta hanyar aure, ta shiga cikin ayyukan jin daɗi da ilimi a duk faɗin Burtaniya a madadin baƙi gabaɗaya, da baƙi Yahudawa musamman. A ziyarar da ta kai Landan a shekara ta 1885, an fallasa ta ga matsalolin karuwancin Yahudawa a wannan birni. Ta koyi cewa akwai mafaka da yawa ga mata masu haɗari waɗanda coci, missions ko wasu kungiyoyin mata na Kirista suka tallafawa, amma ba mafaka ɗaya na Yahudawa da za su iya karɓar matan Yahudawa waɗanda ke son fita daga karuwanci da sake shiga al'ummar Yahudawa ba. A cikin waɗannan shekarun, al'ummar Anglo-Yahudawa ta ɗauki matan da suka shiga karuwanci a matsayin masu lalacewa da waɗanda aka fitar, sabili da haka al'ummar Yahudawa ba su da sha'awar karɓar waɗannan mata a ciki. Yarinyar ta fahimci cewa akwai matan Yahudawa da ke buƙatar irin wannan mafaka, sabili da haka ta kammala cewa ya zama dole a kafa irin wannan kungiya a gare su.

## Manazarta