Millicent Preston-Stanley

**Millicent Preston-Stanley** (9 ga Satumba 1883 - 23 ga Yuni 1955) 'yar asalin Australiya ce kuma 'yar siyasa wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin mace ta farko a Majalisar Dokokin New South Wales . A shekara ta 1925, ta zama mace ta biyu da ta shiga gwamnati a Ostiraliya.Ta kuma kasance daga cikin mata na farko a New South Wales da suka zama Alkalai na Zaman Lafiya kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Kungiyar Alkalai ta Mata daga 1923 zuwa 1926.  A duk rayuwarta, Preston-Stanley ta yi kira ga 'yancin mata, sake fasalin kiwon lafiya, da kuma kamewa.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
An haifi Millicent Fanny Stanley a Sydney a cikin shekara ta 1883. Ita ce 'yar Augustine Gregory Stanley, mai sayar da kayan masarufi, da matarsa Fanny Ellen Stanley (née Preston) (c. 1859 - 9 Satumba 1934).  Bayan mahaifinta ya bar iyalin, mahaifiyarta ta sami saki kuma ta dauki sunan mahaifiyar "Preston-Stanley" don kanta da 'yarta.

Tana da akalla dan'uwa daya, Victor Charles Preston-Stanley (ya mutu 26 Yuni 1919),  wanda shine mahaifin Major Preston-stanley, da Betty Preston-Btanley wanda ya auri Major John Gray, da Joan Preston-Ptanley .

Preston-Stanley ta auri Crawford Vaughan, tsohon Firayim Minista na Kudancin Australia, a 1934. Ta mutu a ranar 23 ga Yuni 1955 a unguwar Sydney ta Randwick daga Cutar kwakwalwa.

## Ayyukan siyasa
A shekara ta 1906 Preston Stanley ta kasance memba na majalisa na N.S.W. Women's Liberal League, lokacin da shugabanta / sakatarenta Mrs Molyneux Parkes ne. 

Yunkurin da ta yi a 1922 don daya daga cikin kujerun mazauna hudu na Gabas ta Gabas a Majalisar Dokokin New South Wales ya gaza [1] (an sanya ta ta biyar a tikitin Coalition), [2] amma a watan Mayu 1925 ta yi nasara, ta lashe kujerar Jam'iyyar Nationalist, daya daga cikin magabata na Jam'iyyar Liberal Party ta yau. [3]

Ta yi kamfen don rage yawan mace-mace, sake fasalin jin dadin yara, gyare-gyare ga Dokar Lafiya, da kuma gidaje mafi kyau. Ta gabatar da jawabin ta na farko ga Majalisar Dokoki ta Majalisar dokokin New South Wales a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta 1925, ta amfani da damar da za ta yi magana da abokan aikinta wadanda ba su yi imani da cewa mata suna da rawar da za su taka a siyasa ba. Ta ce:Wasu membobin sun kasance masu kirki sosai don ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a kare mata daga hanzari na siyasa. Wannan halin tunani na iya ba da yabo ga taushi na zukatan su, kuma ina tsammanin ana iya daukar shi azaman tabbacin fuska na dan taushi a cikin kawunansu. . Na yi imanin cewa tambayoyin mata tambayoyi ne na kasa, kuma tambayoyin kasa tambayoyin mata ne, kuma ana iya nuna cewa mace za ta iya daukar matsayinta tsakanin wakilan mutane a majalisar dokokin kasar kuma ta taka rawar gani a rayuwar siyasa ta kasar.Bugu da kari, jawabinsa na farko ya yi jayayya game da rage sa'o'i 48 na mako zuwa sa'o-i 44, yana jayayya cewa ya kamata Jam'iyyar Labor ta fara talaita matsakaicin mako na mata, wanda ta yi ikirarin sa'oi 112.

A majalisa ta yi kamfen kan batutuwan mutuwar mata a cikin haihuwa, jin dakin yara, kula da ma'aikata ga marasa lafiya, da hakkin kulawa a cikin saki.Ta dauki nauyin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Emélie Polini, wanda tsohon mijinta da mahaifiyarsa ke kula da 'yarsu Patricia. A shekara ta 1924 Emélie ta kai karar da za ta dauki 'yarta kan tafiya zuwa London bayan sun ki amincewa da izinin ta. Mista Mai Shari'a Harvey ya musanta wannan. Kodayake lissafin memba mai zaman kansa game da daidaitattun hakkin kulawa ya gaza ta ci gaba da kamfen din. Ta rubuta wasan kwaikwayon *Wanene Yaron?* bisa ga wannan shari'ar.Ta kuma yi kira ga tsara iyali da ilimin jima'i, mai da hankali kan lafiyar uwaye da yara, da kuma kujera na obstetrics a makarantar likita, ta hanyar ba'a tana kira ga "'Horses' hakkoki ga mata" bayan Jami'ar Sydney a maimakon haka ta kafa hanya a cikin obstetrics na dabbobi.

Preston-Stanley tana da masu sukar ta: Theo.  . H. Hill, yayin da ta yarda da ikonta a matsayin mai magana, ta soki dabi'ar aikinta - ta sami £ 875 a kowace shekara a matsayin 'yar majalisa, duk da haka ba ta halarci zaman ba. Ya yi amfani da rikodin ta don tallafawa adawarsa ga nadin mata zuwa Babban Gidan. An soke kujerar Gabas ta Gabas a 1927 kuma a cikin sabon zaben duka Preston-Stanley da H. V. Jaques sun tsaya a matsayin 'yan takarar Nationalist don kujerar memba daya na Bondi, kuma Jaques ya ci nasara. Wannan ita ce yunkurinsa na karshe na girmamawa a majalisa.

Preston-Stanley ta shiga cikin kungiyoyin mata kamar su Women's Liberal League . Ta sake kafa Kungiyar Mata ta New South Wales kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabanta daga 1920  zuwa 1928 lokacin da aka zabi Ada S. Holman a matsayin.  kuma daga 1952 har zuwa mutuwarta a 1955. Kungiyar ta kasance daga cikin kungiyoyin da suka samu nasarar gabatar da Dokar Shari'ar Mata ta 1918, wanda ya ba mata damar yin takara a cikin kananan Majalisar da karamar hukuma, da kuma zama Alkalai na Zaman Lafiya. Ta kasance, a cikin 1921, ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko a New South Wales da aka nada a matsayin Mai Shari'a na Zaman Lafiya,  kuma ta kasance Shugabar Kungiyar Mata ta Alkalin Mata daga 1923 zuwa 1926. 

A kusa da shekara ta 1929 kungiyar mata ta kasance cikin tattaunawa tare da Kungiyar Mata ta N.S.W. da Kungiyar Masu Zabe ta Mata don kafa kungiyar masu zaman kansu, amma Kungiyar Mata, wacce ta ci gaba ta zama kulob mai zaman kanta ga mata masu sana'a, ta kada kuri'a a kan shiga Kungiyar Tarayyar, wanda ya haifar da murabus na mambobi da yawa, gami da shugaban, Jessie Street . 

Mai goyon bayan jam'iyyar United Australia Party (UAP) - wanda ya kasance mai gabatarwa ga jam'iyyar Liberal - Millicent Preston-Stanley ya kawo kungiyar mata zuwa matsayi a cikin shekarun 1930. A karkashin jagorancinta kulob din ya tsaya daban da sauran kungiyoyin mata da yawa da suka wanzu a wannan lokacin a cikin wannan - kamar Australian Women's Guild of Empire - sun damu da al'amuran da suka shafi kula da gida, iyali, da addini. Manufar su ta farko ta bishara ce, da zamantakewa, taimakawa wajen noma albarkatu da tarurruka don mata su halarta da musayar bayanai da kwarewa a cikin sana'a kamar sutura, sutura da sauransu. Daidai ne ra'ayin da ya fi dacewa cewa siyasa ba ta kasance wani bangare na "damuwar mata" cewa kungiyar mata ta shekarun 1930 ta nemi fitar da ita, kuma wannan mayar da hankali ne ga siyasa wanda ya bambanta kungiyoyin mata na lokacin daga Kungiyar Mata ta New South Wales. Manufar Kungiyar Mata ita ce "don tabbatar da daidaito na 'yanci, matsayi da dama a duk fannoni tsakanin maza da mata.’

A shekara ta 1947 ta kafa Ƙungiyar Mata ta Australiya da ke adawa da zamantakewa don mayar da martani ga kafa bankin kasa ta Jam'iyyar Labor Party ta Chifley.

## Ayyuka

* *Wanene Yaron?*, wasan kwaikwayon da M. Preston-Stanley ya shirya, wanda George D. Parker ya samar a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Criterion a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba 1932, kuma ya dogara da shari'ar Emelie Polini. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo sun hada da Nancye Stewart da Miss Preston-Stanley kanta.
* *Maza a kan Parade* 1935 (kiɗa) 
* *Madonna na titin Mean* 1936
* (tare da Crawford) *Kira na Magpie* 1936
* Ostiraliya Maris A cikin 1938 rediyo tattaunawa a kan 2GB 
* (tare da Richard Hans Forst) The Little Brown House (musical) 1940

## Sanarwa

* Hoton Preston-Stanley na Reginald Jerrold-Nathan yana rataye a Gidan majalisar dokoki, Sydney
* Hoton Mary Edwards yana rataye a cikin ɗakin karatu na Dixson, Sydney

## Bayani

## Manazarta