Mutang Urud

**Mutang Urud** (20 ga Oktoba 1958) ɗan asalin ƙasar Kelabit ne mai fafutukar kare muhalli, an haife shi a Long Napir a Sarawak, jihar Malaysia da ke tsibirin Borneo.  Urud sananne ne da taimakawa wajen shirya shingen hana sare bishiyoyi a Sarawak, kuma a matsayin wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar Sarawak Indigenous Peoples' Alliance.  Ya kasance memba na Voices for the Borneo Rainforest World Tour a 1990, kuma ya yi magana da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don neman a dakatar da sare itatuwa a filayen 'yan asalin ƙasar a Borneo.  Urud ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Daraktan Kare Muhalli da Ci Gaban Kalio, kuma yana aiki don rubuta tarihin baki na mutanen Kelabit, ƙirƙirar ƙamus na harshen Kelabit, da kuma taswirar iyakokin al'adun Kelabit.   

## Tarihin Rayuwa

### Rayuwar farko
An haifi Urud a wani ƙaramin ƙauyen Kelabit da aka sani da Long Napir a tsaunukan Sarawak.  Mahaifinsa manomi ne, amma ya mutu lokacin da Urud yake ƙarami, ya bar Urud da 'yan uwansa maza da mata takwas a hannun mahaifiyarsu da ɗan'uwansa.  Ya zaɓi sunan Anderson da kansa lokacin da ƙauyensu ya koma Cocin Evangelical na Borneo. Ya zauna na ɗan lokaci a babban birnin Malaysia na Kuala Lumpur, inda ya sami takardar shaidar kasuwanci a wata makarantar koyon sana'a. Bayan lokacinsa a makaranta a Kuala Lumpur, ya koma Sarawak inda ya fara kamfanin gyaran lambu mai nasara tare da ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwansa. 

### Ƙungiyoyin fafutuka
Da kwarin gwiwar da ya samu daga fafutukar hana sare bishiyoyi na babban ɗan'uwansa, Mutang ya fara amfani da kudin da yake samu daga kamfanin gyaran lambunsa don yin tafiye-tafiye zuwa al'ummomin 'yan asalin ƙasar da ke kewaye da Sarawak, yana taimaka musu wajen rubuta koke-koke ga gwamnati game da sare bishiyoyi da suka keta haƙƙin mallakar filaye.  Tare da ƙungiyar Sarawak Indigenous People's Alliance, Mutang ya taimaka wajen tsara da tallafawa shingen da 'yan asalin ƙasar Penan ke jagoranta.  Mutang Urud ya shiga cikin ƙungiyar Voices for the Borneo Rainforest World Tour, tare da sauran wakilan 'yan asalin ƙasar, Mutang Tu'o da Unga Paran daga mutanen Panan; da kuma Bruno Manser daga Switzerland, a matsayin mai fassara; da kuma Thom Henley, darektan yawon buɗe ido daga Kanada.  Yawon shakatawa ya ziyarci Ostiraliya, Japan da ƙasashe a Turai da Arewacin Amurka.  A watan Disamba na 1992, Urud ya yi jawabi a Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a New York, yana fafutukar kare haƙƙin filaye na 'yan asalin ƙasar. 

Urud a halin yanzu shine babban darektan ƙungiyar Kalio Conservation and Development Society, wata ƙungiya da ta sadaukar da kanta wajen rubuta al'adun 'yan asalin ƙasar Malaysia da kuma wayar da kan jama'ar 'yan asalin ƙasar a Malaysia.  Urud ya fito a fim ɗin 2016 mai *[[The Borneo Case|suna The Borneo Case]]* kuma an nuna tarihin rayuwarsa a fim ɗin 2017 *[[A Time to Swim|mai suna A Time to Swim]] .*  

### Martani daga hukumomin Malaysia
A ranar 5 ga Fabrairu, 1992, 'Yan sandan Malaysia sun kama Urud saboda rashin yin rijistar ƙungiyar 'yan asalin ƙasar Sarawak. An tsare shi kuma an yi masa tambayoyi na tsawon kwanaki 28, inda 10 daga cikinsu aka tsare su shi kaɗai.  Da zarar an sake shi, Urud ya bar Malaysia, amma ya yi niyyar komawa watan Satumba mai zuwa don halartar shari'arsa. Duk da haka, lokacin da yake jawabi a taron ƙasa da aka yi a Rio de Janeiro a watan Yuni, ya ambaci cewa yana jin "gata" ya sami damar komawa gida lafiya bayan ya yi magana game da ayyukan sare bishiyoyi a Malaysia, amma an yi kuskuren ambatonsa a cikin wata wasiƙar labarai da ke nuna taron kuma an sa shi ya yi kama da yana kai hari ga gwamnatin Malaysia, wanda ya haifar da hayaniya a kafafen yaɗa labarai na Sarawak. Da ya dawo Vancouver daga taron ƙasa, Urud ya fahimci cewa akwai wani sammacin kama shi a Malaysia yana tuhume shi a ƙarƙashin Dokar Tsaron Cikin Gida, wadda za ta ba shi damar a tsare shi har zuwa shekaru biyu ba tare da an yi masa shari'a ba. Dangane da wannan, Urud ya zaɓi ya ci gaba da zama a ƙasar Kanada.  Urud kwanan nan ya sami damar komawa Malaysia don ziyara, kuma yana gudanar da ayyukan bincike da suka shafi taswira da harshe a cikin al'ummarsa. 

### Rayuwar kai da ilimi
Bayan an tsare shi a Malaysia, Urud ya zo Kanada a matsayin ɗan gudun hijira, inda yake zaune tare da abokin aikinsa, Natasha Blanchet-Cohen, da 'ya'yansu biyu.    Urud ya sami digirin BA a fannin Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam a Jami'ar Concordia da ke Kanada. 

## Manazarta