Yaƙin Amurka (labari)

***Yaƙin Amurka*** shine littafi na farko na ɗan jaridar masar-Kanada, Omar El Akkad. An kafa shi a Amurka saboda nan gaba,wanda canjin yanayi da cututtuka suka lalata,wanda yaƙin basasa na biyu ya ɓarke kan amfani da man fetur.

An bada labarin ta hanyar amfani da tarihi na masanin tarihi nagaba Benjamin Chestnut game da kawunsa, Sarat Chestnut, ɗan gudun hijirar yanayi wanda aka fitar dashi daga Louisiana ta hanyar yaƙi. Babi na labarin suna haɗuwa da takardun farko na almara da mai bada labari ya tattara.

An karɓi littafin sosai kuma an zaɓe shi don kyaututtuka dayawa na "littafi na farko".

## Makirci
Acikin 2074, bayan wucewar lissafi a Amurka wanda ya hana amfani da man fetur a ko'ina cikin ƙasar, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, da Texas sun rabu da Tarayyar, sun fara yakin basasar Amurka na biyu.Kudancin Carolina da sauri ya gaza da kwayar cuta,wanda aka sani da "The Slow," wanda ke sa mazaunanta su yi barci,kuma Mexico ta mamaye Texas kuma ta mamaye ta,kuma sauran rukunin, wanda aka fi sani da "Free Southern States" (Mississippi,Alabama,da Georgia, ko"The Mag") ya cigaba da fada.An bada labarin ne daga ra'ayin Sarat (Sara T. Chestnut) da ɗan uwanta,Benjamin.

Sarat yana da shekaru shida lokacin da yaƙin ya ɓarke. Tana zaune tare da iyalinta a bakin tekun da canjin yanayi ya lalata a Louisiana.Iyalin ta sun haɗada iyayenta, Benjamin da Martina; ɗan uwanta, Simon; da 'yar'uwarta,Dana Chestnut.Bayan an kashe mahaifin Sarat a lokacin wani harin bam na ta'addanci a Baton Rouge acikin 2075, Sarat da iyalinta sun koma sansanin 'yan gudun hijira da ake kira "Camp Patience",akan iyakar Mississippi-Tennessee.

Sarat da iyalinta sun shafe shekaru shida masu zuwa suna rayuwa mai ban ƙyama a Camp Patience.Ashekara ta 2081,lokacin da Sarat ke da shekaru 12,tayi abota da Albert Gaines, mai daukar ma'aikata ga 'yan tawaye na Kudancin.Gaines ya gabatar da ita ga wani wakilin Daular Bouazizi mai suna Joe,wanda ke taimakawa wajen isar da taimako ga Free Southern States don kiyaye Amurka ta raunana kuma ta raba.Daga baya,ƙungiyar 'yan bindiga ta tarayya ta kai hari Camp Patience kuma ta kashe yawancin' yan gudun hijira,wanda ya kashe mahaifiyar Sarat kuma ya ji wa ɗan'uwanta rauni.Da yake baƙin ciki da fushi sun shawo kan shi,Sarat daga baya ya kashe daya daga cikin manyan janar din Sojojin Amurka.

Bayan kisan kiyashi na Camp Patience,Sarat da 'yan uwanta sun sake zama daga gwamnatin Free Southern a Lincolnton,Georgia,akan iyaka da South Carolina.Simon ne ya haɗu da 'yan'uwa mata biyu,wanda ke fama da rauni a kwakwalwa.Shekaru biyar bayan haka, acikin 2086, 'yan uwan Chestnut sun zauna a cikin sabon rayuwarsu.Duk da yake Sarat ya zama memba na ƙungiyar 'yan tawaye ta Gaines,wata mace ta Bangladesh ta Amurka,mai suna Karina ce ke kula da Simon wanda ya lalace.Yayin da lokaci ke wucewa,Simon da Karina suna da sha'awar juna.

Alokacin wani aikin 'yan tawaye kusa da wani sansanin Amurka akan iyakar Georgia-Tennessee,Sarat ya kashe Janar Joseph Weiland,wani fitaccen kwamandan Amurka.Duk da yake Sarat ya sami yabo a matsayin jarumi daga Free Southern States,kisan Weiland kawai ya tsananta shawarar gwamnatin Amurka ta kawo karshen tawaye na Kudancin kuma ya haifar da zalunci kan 'yan tawaye na Kudu.Sarat daga ƙarshe yayi sanyin gwiwa game da cin hanci da rashawa da kuma kula da kansa na Kudancin.Daga baya,an kashe Dana lokacin da wani jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu ya jefa bam acikin bas din da take tafiya.

Daga baya sojojin Amurka suka kama Sarat kuma suka tsare shi a gidan yari na Sugarloaf,acikin Tekun Florida.Sarat daga baya ta fahimci cewa malaminta Gaines yaci amanarta zuwa Amurka.Acikin shekaru bakwai masu zuwa,ana azabtar da Sarat akai-akai,gami da kasancewa cikin ruwa.Don kawo karshen azabar,Sarat ya furta tuhume-tuhume da yawa.Daga baya aka saki Sarat bayan gwamnatin Amurka ta ga cewa Gaines tushen da ba za'a iya dogara da shi ba.

Shekaru bayan haka, Simon ya auri Karina, kuma suna da ɗa, Benjamin. A cikin 2095, Benjamin mai shekaru 6 ya sadu da kawunsa, Sarat, wanda ya zauna a gidan Benjamin. Daga baya daya daga cikin tsoffin abokan tawaye ya ziyarci Sarat, wanda ya sanar da ita cewa ƙungiyarsa ta kama Bud Baker, ɗaya daga cikin tsohuwar masu kama ta Sugarloaf waɗanda suka azabtar da ita. Sarat ya kashe Bud amma ya yanke shawarar ceton iyalinsa bayan ta gano cewa 'ya'yansa maza biyu matasa tagwaye ne.

Komawa a gidan Simon,tashin hankali tsakanin Sarat da Karina ya tashi bayan Benjamin ya riƙe hannunsa da ya karye, kuma Sarat ya ɗaure shi da ƙuƙwalwa. Benjamin ya yi sha'awar Sarat kuma ya fahimci cewa kawunsa har yanzu yana fama da harin da aka kai a Camp Patience, lokacin da ta kasance mai tayar da kayar baya, da kuma azabtar da ita a Sugarloaf. Yayin da hannunsa ya warke, Benjamin ya zama abokantaka da kawunsa.

Daga baya Joe, wakilin Bouazizi, ya ziyarci Sarat, wanda ya dauke ta cikin ɗaukar kwayar cuta mai kisa a lokacin bikin sake haɗuwa a Columbus, Ohio. Joe ya bayyana cewa ainihin sunansa shine Yousef Bin Rashid, kuma Daular Bouazizi tana so ta hana sake fitowar Amurka a matsayin babbar iko. Neman fansa a kan gwamnatin Amurka, Sarat ta yarda da tayin kuma ta shawo kan tsoffin 'yan tawaye don tabbatar da hanyar zuwa bikin sake haɗuwa. Kafin ya tafi, Sarat ya ziyarci Gaines da ya gurgunta a gidansa amma ya tafi ba tare da ya kashe shi ba. Ta kuma shirya wa abokan aikinta su shigo da dan uwanta Benjamin zuwa lafiya a New Anchorage, Alaska. Daga baya, Sarat ya shiga cikin bikin sake haɗuwa. Yayinda take shiga, ta haɗu da ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yan Baker da ta kare; yanzu yana aiki a matsayin mai tsaro a can. Ya ba ta damar shiga bayan ya gane ta ba tare da neman wani ID mai kyau ba. Sakamakon "Reunification Plague" ya kashe mutane miliyan 110 kuma ya lalata kasar, wacce ta riga ta lalace.

Maraya Benjamin ya zauna a sabuwar rayuwarsa a New Anchorage,kuma ya zama masanin tarihi mai daraja.Shekaru da yawa bayan haka,Benjamin ya gano litattafan kawunsa kuma ya koyi abubuwan da ta samu a lokacin yakin basasar Amurka na biyu da rawar da ta taka a cikin annoba ta sake haɗuwa.Duk da kawunsa,Benjamin ya ƙone litattafansa amma ya riƙe shafi ɗaya a matsayin abin tunawa.

## Saitawa
Yawancin littafin an saita shi a cikin "Free Southern States", wanda asalinsa ya kunshi Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, da Texas. Amurka ta rabu tsakanin sassan tsoffin jihohin kudu maso gabas da sauran jihohin arewa da yamma. A farkon yakin, Mexico ta mamaye kuma ta haɗa manyan sassan California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, da Texas, waɗanda a baya sun kasance yankin Mexico. An ambaci wasu ƙungiyoyin masu rabuwa: Arewacin California, Oregon, Washington, da wasu sassan Kanada suna cikin tattaunawa don kafa Cascadia. Littafin ya haɗu da takardun tarihi da yawa, tambayoyi, da rahotanni na kafofin watsa labarai.

"Yaƙin basasar Amurka na biyu" ya kasance tsakanin 2074 da 2095. Rikicin ya fara ne bayan kisan gillar Shugaba Ki a lokacin harin bam a cikin 2073, da kuma harbi na masu zanga-zangar Kudancin a waje da Fort Jackson, South Carolina a cikin 2074. Bayan shekaru biyar na yaƙi na al'ada a kan iyakokin Free Southern States, 'yan tawaye' sun yi yaƙi da sojojin Amurka. Mutanen Kudancin da suka rasa muhallinsu a cikin gida sun koma "Camp Patience", wanda daga baya 'yan bindiga na Amurka suka lalata, wanda ke nuni da kisan kiyashi na Sabra da Shatila. Bayan tsari mai tsawo na tattaunawa, an warware yakin don amfanin Amurka. Koyaya, "ta'addanci na rabuwa" (daga baya ya bayyana cewa shi ne mai gabatarwa Sarat) ya saki wani wakili na halitta, wanda aka sani da "Reunification Plague," a lokacin bikin ranar sake haɗuwa a Columbus, Ohio, wanda ya bazu a duk faɗin ƙasar kuma ya kashe mutane miliyan 110. 'Yan gudun hijira sun gudu zuwa New Anchorage yayin da kasar ta fara dogon tsari na "reconstruction". An kuma bayyana annoba ta sake haɗuwa a matsayin sakamakon yunkurin da masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta Gerry Tusk ya yi na neman magani ga "The Slow".

Sauran duniya ma sun ga canjin siyasa. Bayan juyin juya hali da yawa da suka gaza, jihohin Arewacin Afirka da wasu sassan duniyar Larabawa da Asiya ta Tsakiya sun haɗu a matsayin Daular Bouazizi, tare da babban birninsu a Alkahira. Kasar Sin da kasashe na Bouazizi sun fito ne a matsayin manyan tattalin arzikin duniya, kuma rikicin baƙi na Turai ya juya, tare da 'yan gudun hijira daga Tarayyar Turai da ta rushe suna guduwa a fadin Bahar Rum zuwa Arewacin Afirka. A cikin juyin juya halin siyasa mai iko, China da Daular Bouazizi sun aika da taimako ga Amurka da ta lalace. Har ila yau, Daular Bouazizi a asirce tana ba da tallafi da sauran kayan tallafi ga Free Southern States a cikin ƙoƙari na lalata Amurka, wanda take ɗauka a matsayin abokin hamayya ga burinta na mulkin mallaka. An ce Rasha ta fara wani lokaci na fadadawa kuma ta sake sunan kanta a matsayin Tarayyar Rasha.

Canjin yanayi kuma yana da tasiri sosai a duniya. Florida ta cika da hauhawar matakin teku kuma tana wanzu ne kawai a matsayin karamin tsibiri. A cikin ambaton sansanin X-Ray na Guantánamo Bay, an sake amfani da Dutsen Sugarloaf na Florida a matsayin wurin tsare-tsare. Yawancin Louisiana yana ƙarƙashin ruwa, kuma an watsar da New Orleans gaba ɗaya. Bayan ƙaura mai tsanani daga Gabashin Gabas da ambaliyar ruwa, an sake komawa babban birnin Amurka zuwa Columbus, Ohio. Yankin Larabawa yana da zafi sosai don tallafawa mazaunin ɗan adam na dindindin kuma a maimakon haka an sadaukar da shi ga samar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana. An ce an haifi matar Simon, Karina, a tsibirin Bangladesh, wanda ke nuna ambaliyar ruwa mai yawa a Kudancin Asiya.

## Karɓar baƙi
Gabaɗaya,littafin ya sami ƙyaƙƙyawan bita daga masu sukar.Acikin The New York Times,mai sukar littafi Michiko Kakutani ya kwatanta shi da kyau ga Cormac McCarthy's The Road da littafin Philip Roth The Plot Against America.Ta rubuta cewa "mummunan melodramatic" tattaunawa za a iya gafarta mata ta hanyar amfani da cikakkun bayanai waɗanda ke sa makomar fiction "kamar gaskiya ce".

An sanya littafin acikin jerin sunayen,don Kyautar Rogers Writers' Trust Fiction ta 2017 da Kyautar Amazon ce ta Farko ta 2018. Har'ila yau, ya kasance ɗan wasan karshe na 2018 Arthur C. Clarke Award,kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin littattafai biyar a wasan karshe na gasar Canada Reads ta 2018,ya zama na huɗu.

A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2019,wani kwamitin marubuta shida,masu kula da *labarai* da masu sukar da BBC News ta zaɓa sun haɗa da *Yaƙin Amurka* acikin jerin litattafai 100 da suka yi tasiri a rayuwarsu.

## Manazarta