open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Charles August Lindbergh

**Charles August Lindbergh** (an haife shi **Carl Månsson**; Janairu 20, 1859 - Mayu 24, 1924) ya kasance Dan majalisa na Amurka daga Gundumar majalisa ta 6 ta Minnesota daga 1907 zuwa 1917. An san shi da adawa da Dokar Tsaro ta Tarayya ta 1913, wanda ya yi gargadi cewa zai ba da iko ga tattalin arziki ga "ƙungiyar riba kawai" da ke aiki "don kawai samun riba mafi girma daga amfani da kuɗin wasu mutane. "  Lindbergh ya yi adawa da shigar Amurka cikin Yaƙin Duniya na I, yana jayayya cewa Amurka ya kamata ta guje wa rikicewar kasashen waje. Lindbergh an fi sani da shi a matsayin mahaifin sanannen mai jirgin sama Charles Lindbergh .&nbsp;

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Lindbergh Carl Månsson a Stockholm, Sweden, ga Lovisa Carlén, uwargidan Ola Månsson mai shekaru 19, memba na Riksdag na Estates kuma manajan banki. Lokacin da aka zarge shi da cin hanci da rashawa, Ola Månsson ya canza sunansa zuwa August Lindbergh, ya bar matarsa da 'ya'ya bakwai, kuma ya yi hijira zuwa Amurka tare da uwargidansa da jaririn su, Carl, a cikin 1859. Lovisa ta zama Louisa kuma saurayi Carl ya zama Charles August Lindbergh . 

Sun zauna a Minnesota" id="mwJA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Melrose, Minnesota">Melrose, Minnesota, kuma suna da wasu yara shida tare. Agusta ya yi aiki a matsayin manomi da kuma ma'aikaci na tsawon shekaru 26 kafin ya auri Louisa a 1885, bayan ya zama gwauruwa a 1864 tare da mutuwar matarsa ta farko a Sweden.

Charles August Lindbergh ya yi karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Michigan Law School, ya kammala a 1883, kuma an shigar da shi cikin kotun a wannan shekarar.

## Ayyukan siyasa
Lindbergh ya yi aiki a matsayin lauyan mai gabatar da kara na Morrison County, Minnesota, daga 1891 zuwa 1893. An zabe shi a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka a 1906 a matsayin dan jam'iyyar Republican, yana aiki a majalisa Na 63, 61, 62, 63, da 64. A shekara ta 1912, ya goyi bayan Theodore Roosevelt na jam'iyyar Progressive ta uku da ba ta yi nasara ba don Fadar White House. A shekara ta 1916 ya yi yakin neman zama a Majalisar Dattijan Amurka ba tare da nasara ba.

### Hamayya da Tsaro na Tarayya
A cikin Majalisa, Lindbergh na ɗaya daga cikin masu sukar farko na Tarayyar Tarayya. Matsayinsa ya karu lokacin da aka nuna shi a cikin wata kasida a cikin The American Magazine: "Wani Swede ne daga Minnesota wanda ya fara tayar da shi a cikin Majalisa da kuka na Money Trust Hunt - 'Swedish wanda ke mafarki', wani ɗan'uwansa ya bayyana shi - Charles A. Lindbergh. "  Lindbergh ya bayyana, "Wannan Dokar ta kafa mafi girma a Duniya. Lokacin da Shugaban ya sanya hannu kan wannan lissafin da aka yi amfani da shi ta hanyar Dokar ta hanyar Gudanar da Dokar Za a cikin shekarun Monetary Power ba za su san shi nan da nan da nan ba, amma ranar da nan take, William da nan take ba, amma laifin da nan take take take take ya yi la' yancin da ita ce kawai ta hanyar Gudun Gburg da ita ce ta hanyar Gudummawar Tarayya da suka shafi Gira da suka shafi Yarjejeniyar Tarayya da aka cire shi a kan waɗannan Dokokin Tarayya da ke da suka shafi Jam' yancin Tarayya ...&nbsp;&nbsp;

## manazarta
Cameron Buchan

**Cameron Buchan** (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1992) ɗan wasan jirgin ruwa ne na Burtaniya. Yana gasa a duniya kuma yana yin rubuce-rubuce game da tafiyarsa a tashar Youtube. Ya taka leda a gasar cin kofin duniya ta Poznań, Belgrade da Lucerne ta 2017 da kuma gasar zakarun duniya a wannan shekarar.

## Ayyukan jirgin ruwa
Da farko ya buga wasan kwando ga tawagar Burtaniya U20, bayan ya halarci Kent School, CT, don kara yawan bayyanarsa ga masu horar da jami'o'in Amurka. A Kent ne ya gano aikin jirgin ruwa kuma ya sami baiwarsa tana girma da sauri a ƙarƙashin koyarwa mai inganci a makarantar mai daraja. Kafin a gama lokacin motsa jiki ya sami tayin tallafi daga Jami'ar Arewa maso Gabas. A Arewa maso gabas ya kasance wani ɓangare na manyan takwas wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga wasu daga cikin mafi kyawun sakamako da NU ya gani a cikin shekaru. Bayan jami'ar Buchan ya koma Burtaniya don horar da shi, inda ya lashe gwajin Rowing na Afrilu na Burtaniya, Ladies Plate a Henley Royal Regatta da FISU a gasar zakarun duniya a cikin takwas. An gayyace shi zuwa ƙungiyar Rowing ta Burtaniya bayan wannan shekara mai nasara.

A cikin 2017, Buchan ya wakilci Burtaniya a Poznań da Belgrade a gasar cin kofin duniya. A lokuta biyu ya yi gasa a cikin Takwas, kuma ya sanya na 3 da na 2 bi da bi. Ya kuma taka rawar gani a gasar zakarun duniya ta 2017 a Sarasota-Bradenton, inda ya taka rawar gani na Takwas, kuma ya zo na farko a wasan karshe na B. A shekara ta biyu ta Buchan a cikin tawagar ya tura da karfi fiye da baya don taimakawa inganta sakamakon shekarar da ta gabata. Kodayake samun nasarar sakamako na ciki Buchan an yanke shi daga ƙungiyar bayan ya kamu da zazzabin glandular.

A ranar 14 ga Satumba, 2024, Buchan ya zama zakaran duniya a taron mixed sculls hudu a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2024 a matsayin wani ɓangare na tawagar Burtaniya.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
An haifi Buchan a Dunipace, Scotland a ranar 3 ga Disamba 1992. Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Denny da Kent. Yayinda yake halartar Jami'ar Arewa maso Gabas, ya fi girma a harkokin kasuwanci.

Buchan shine wanda ya kafa Yamsquad, wanda da farko ya fara rungumar al'umma a bayan shafukan sada zumunta. Bayan wani lokaci Yamsquad ya rikide zuwa kasuwanci mai bunƙasa kuma ya ɗauki matakai da yawa, tun daga ƙirƙirar tufafin kwale-kwale na musamman zuwa horar da 'yan wasa da yawa zuwa rikodin duniya da gasar cin kofin duniya.  Yana da tashar YouTube mai taken kwale-kwale, kuma an san shi da kalamansa kamar "Abinci Mai Man Fetur ne", "Aww Yeah", da "Bambanci yana ɗaya daga cikin mabuɗan ƙarfafa gwiwa". 

## Manazarta
Cairns West State School

**Makarantar Cairns West State** makaranta ce ta gwamnati, mai ilimi tare, wacce ke kan titin Mayers, a cikin unguwar Cairns da ke Manunda, a Queensland, Ostiraliya.   Ma'aikatar Ilimi ce ke gudanar da ita, tare da yin rajistar ɗalibai 511 da ma'aikatan koyarwa 51, tun daga shekarar 2023. Makarantar tana hidimar ɗalibai daga shirin zuwa aji na 6. 

## Tarihi
An buɗe makarantar a ranar 28 ga Janairu 1964.

A tsawon shekarun 1998 da 1999, makarantar ta shiga cikin shirin Makarantun Samun Dama ga Al'umma (CAS), wanda ke ba da kuɗi don "inganta ingancin ayyukan da ake bayarwa ga ɗalibai, iyalansu da al'ummominsu." [1] Tare da makarantar ta ba da wuri don koyon al'umma; manya 100 sun kammala darussa a cikin "horon kwamfuta, taimakon farko, abinci mai gina jiki, ƙwarewar gwamnati da gudanarwa," wanda ya haifar da babban ɓangare na mahalarta samun aikin yi, wasu ma sun zama masu sa kai na makaranta. [1] Bugu da ƙari, tare da Ma'aikatar Iyalai, Lafiya ta Queensland da sauran hukumomin gida, makarantar ta kafa "Cibiyar Bayar da Sabis Mai Haɗaka ta 0-6," wani rukuni na aiki na kula da shari'o'i ga yara 'yan tsakanin shekaru 0 zuwa 6.[1] A ƙarshe, makarantar ta shiga cikin wani aikin CAS wanda ya shafi matasa waɗanda ke cikin haɗarin shiga cikin aikata laifuka.[1] An kira shirin 'Yara ga Maza.' [1] Tare da ƙarshen wannan shirin, an ga raguwar laifukan matasa a cikin yankin.[1]

Bikin cika shekaru 50 na makarantar ya faru ne a shekarar 2014, kuma wani ɓangare na bikin ya haɗa da buɗe akwatin lokacin makaranta, duk da haka, babu wanda ya san inda aka binne shi. Bayan bincike na kimanin watanni 12, an sami akwatin lokacin, tare da taimakon wani tsohon mai kula da filin da kuma mai nemo kebul.

Tsakanin 2014 da 2016, makarantar ta sami dala 1,740,000 daga Shirin Haɗin Gwiwa na Ƙasa (NPP) da kuma tallafin Gonski, "don inganta koyarwa da koyo, ƙara yawan hulɗar ɗalibai, walwala da halarta, da kuma gina al'umma." 

A shekarar 2015, makarantar tana ɗaya daga cikin makarantu da dama da suka shiga cikin wani shiri na taimaka wa malamai wajen koyarwa yadda ya kamata don inganta sakamakon ɗalibai. 

A shekarar 2017, an gudanar da wani aikin bas na bas wanda ba na hukuma ba daga masu sa kai na makarantar, wanda ya ga yawan halartar wasu ɗalibai ya karu daga kashi 40% zuwa kashi 86%, wanda hakan ya ƙara yawan maki, da kuma ra'ayin da ake da shi game da makaranta gaba ɗaya. 

## Manazarta
James Bruce-Jones

**James Bruce-Jones** (19 ga watan Agustan 1910 - 29 ga watan Afrilu 1943) ya kasance dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na farko na Scotland kuma jami'in Sojojin Burtaniya.

Dan Kyaftin Thomas Bruce-Jones OBE da matarsa, Edith Bruce-Jons, an haife shi a watan Agustan 1910 a Larbert, Strilingshire .  Ya yi karatu a makarantar Altenburn a Nairn,  kafin ya halarci Makarantar Charterhouse a Ingila.  Daga baya ya yi aiki don kasuwancin katako na iyali da kuma foundry, ya zama darakta. Mai wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kulob din Stirling County da Grange, Bruce-Jones ya buga wasanni biyu a wasan ƙwallaye na farko na Scotland da Ireland a Edinburgh a 1936 da Belfast a 1937.  Ya zira kwallaye 91 a wasanni biyu na farko, tare da mafi girma na 47.

Ba da daɗewa ba kafin fara Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, an ba Bruce-Jones umurni a matsayin mataimakin na biyu a cikin 7th Battalion, Argyll da Sutherland Highlanders a watan Mayu 1939.  Da yake aiki a yaƙin, ya riƙe matsayin kyaftin a watan Satumbar shekara ta 1941. Bruce-Jones ya ga aiki a Yakin Arewacin Afirka, a lokacin da aka ji masa rauni a aiki a Tunisia kuma daga baya ya mutu daga raunukansa a Enfidaville a ranar 29 ga Afrilu 1943.  An ambaci shi bayan mutuwarsa a cikin aikawa a watan Satumbar 1943 don jaruntaka da kuma fitaccen aiki a lokacin yakin Arewacin Afirka. 

## Manazarta
Lex Brown (mai zane)

**Lex Brown** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1989) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Amurka. Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayon Brown suna hulɗa da tunani, siyasa, da ƙira. Brown ya nuna aiki a Sabon Gidan Tarihi, Kitchen, The High Line, Socrates Sculpture Park da Cibiyar Hoto ta Duniya a Birnin New York, Antenna Gallery a New Orleans, Louisiana, da VIA Music Festival a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin Mata a Sauti .  

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Brown a Oakland, California . Ta girma a Arewacin Virginia kuma ta halarci Jami'ar Princeton don A.B. a cikin zane-zane da ilimin kimiyyar archaeology inda ta kammala summa cum laude .  Brown ta sami M.F.A. a shirin zane-zane na Jami'ar Yale. Brown ya shiga cikin mazaunan masu zane-zane da yawa ciki har da Cibiyar Chautauqua a Chautauqua, New York, Makarantar Zane da Sculpture, a Skowhegan, Maine, da Makarantar Fasaha ta Yale-Norfolk a New Haven, Connecticut da kuma shirin zama na Paul Klee a Switzerland don bazara 2016.  

## Ayyuka
Ayyukan Brown suna nazarin kewayon mutum da na motsin rai a matsayin hanyar shiga cikin tsarin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. Brown ya kirkiro shirye-shiryen talabijin na gwaji wanda ya kalubalanci tarurrukan talabijin ta hanyar mai da hankali kan hulɗar mutum ga ɗan adam. Ayyukanta suna tayar da tambayoyi ta hanyar "sakewa da koyarwar kayan kwalliya ta YouTube, Big Data, shagunan da ke fitowa, windows masu tasowa, da kuma abubuwan nishaɗi na masana'antu".

A cikin 2015, Brown ya buga wani ɗan gajeren labari mai taken My Wet Hot Drone Summer, a matsayin wani ɓangare na "New Lovers" na BadLands Unlimited, jerin labaran lalata. Brown ya kuma buga littafin su na farko, Consciousness (2019), tare da GenderFail Press a cikin 2019. Brown kuma an haɗa shi a cikin littafin Gramsci na Thomas Hirschhorn .  A shekara ta 2024 an ba Brown lambar yabo ta Roma a fannin zane-zane a Kwalejin Amurka da ke Roma.

## Manazarta
Kwamitin Ayyukan dazuzzuka na asali

**Majalisar Ayyukan Gandun Daji ta Native Forests** ƙungiya ce ta muhalli a New Zealand.

An kafa ta a shekarar 1975 daga kwamitin ayyukan gandun daji na Beech don yin fafutukar kare dazuzzukan asali.  A tsakiyar shekarun 1980, ƙungiyar ta yi kira da a kare tsakiyar gandun daji na Nelson na Arewa maso Yamma a matsayin wurin shakatawa na ƙasa saboda yawan shawarwarin hakar ma'adinai da ke barazana ga yankin.  Wannan ya haifar da kafa wurin shakatawa na ƙasa na Kahurangi a shekarar 1996.

Na ɗan lokaci, Guy Salmon shine darektan ƙungiyar.  Ƙungiyar ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Maruia a shekarar 1988. Daga nan ƙungiyar Maruia ta zama Gidauniyar Ecologic, inda Salmon ya zama darektanta.

## Manazarta
Gidauniyar Soup Plastic

**Gidauniyar Plastic Soup** wata kungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke kare muhallin ruwa wadda ke da nufin rage gurɓatar robobi, musamman gurɓatar robobi a cikin ruwa .   An kafa Gidauniyar Plastic Soup a shekarar 2011, tana fafutukar ganin an haramta ko kuma a dakatar da amfani da ƙananan beads a cikin kayan kwalliya a duk duniya tare da kamfen ɗin Beat the Microbead.  

## Ayyuka

### Kayar da kamfen ɗin Microbead
An fara shi a cikin shekara ta 2012, kamfen ɗin ya wayar da kan jama'a kuma ya shiga mutane, masana'antun kayan kwalliya da cibiyoyin gudanarwa kan batun microbeads. Tun bayan yakin, kasashe 15 sun dauki matakai don hana microbeads.   Beat the Microbead ya gabatar da aikace-aikacen  wanda ke gano sinadaran microplastic sama da 500 da abokan ciniki za su yi amfani da su azaman kayan aiki don ganewa da guje wa samfuran da ke dauke da microbeads, yayin da kuma ƙirƙirar bayanan bayanai.  Aikin ya gabatar da tambarin "Zero Plastic Inside" don karfafawa da kuma gane masana'antun da ke amfani da hanyoyin da ke da kyau ga microbeads a cikin samfuran su.

### Yaƙin neman zaɓen wanke-wanke na Teku
Tun daga shekarar 2016, Ocean Clean Wash na da nufin rage gurɓatar zare mai roba da kashi 80% a cikin shekaru masu zuwa ta hanyar ƙarfafawa da haɓaka sabbin hanyoyin magance matatun microfiber  da kuma matsa lamba ga masana'antun tufafi da injinan wanki don haɓaka samfuran da ke hana kwararar zare zuwa tsarin ruwa.   Yaƙin neman zaɓen ya ƙirƙiro sabuwar hanya da ma'auni ga samfuran zamani da yadi don a gwada tufafinsu don adadin fitowar microfiber inda za a sanya wa kayayyakin da aka gwada lakabi bisa ga fitowar.  

### Haɗin gwiwar Lafiyar Roba
Gidauniyar Plastic Soup ta ƙaddamar da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da na muhalli da na bincike don ƙarfafa ƙarin bincike kan tasirin robobi ga lafiyar ɗan adam.    

### Ilimi
Gidauniyar Soyayyar Plastic Soup Foundation ta ƙirƙiro wata hanyar daukar hoto da ake kira Plastic Soup Footprint inda kamfanoni za su iya auna sawun filastik ɗinsu.    Ƙungiyar tana gudanar da gasannin ƙirƙira don nemo hanyoyin kirkire-kirkire don gurɓatar filastik kamar The Young Plastic Pollution Challenge.   Ƙungiyar ta kuma buga kayan koyarwa kuma ta jagoranci manyan malamai kan gurɓatar filastik a cibiyoyin ilimi. 

## Manazarta
VCS Verkehrs-Club der Schweiz

Ƙungiyar **VCS Verkehrs-Club der Schweiz** (Faransanci: *Ƙungiyar ATE Transports et Environment* ; Italiyanci: *ATA Associazione traffico e ambiente* ; Turanci: Ƙungiyar Sufuri da Muhalli ta Switzerland) ƙungiya ce da ke samar *da motsi mai dacewa da ɗan adam da muhalli* a Switzerland.

## Ƙwallaye
An kafa VCS a shekarar 1979 don aiwatar da manufar sufuri mai ɗorewa a Switzerland.   Yana tallafawa hulɗa mai kyau tsakanin kamfanonin jigilar kaya na Switzerland daban-daban, ciki har da layin dogo na jama'a, jigilar tram da bas, jigilar masu tafiya a ƙasa da kekuna, jigilar mutum ɗaya ta mota, da jigilar kaya ta jirgin ƙasa da manyan motoci. Membobin VCS kusan 100,000 ne suka kafa babbar ƙungiyar sufuri da aka keɓe don ɗorewa, ta mota, jirgin ƙasa ko keke, ko a ƙafa ko ta jirgin ƙasa da bas. 

Daga cikin kamfen ɗinta, VCS ta shigar da ƙara a kan cibiyar siyayya ta Seedamm-Center wadda ke shirin faɗaɗa kayan aikinta. 

Manufofin VCS sun haɗa da, daga cikin wasu, amfani da makamashi a fannin tattalin arziki, haɓaka motoci marasa muhalli, da kuma rage yawan gina hanyoyi a Switzerland, shawarwari, haɓaka sufuri na jama'a, shirye-shiryen siyasa don tallafawa sufuri na jama'a, sauya kaya zuwa layin dogo, da inganta tsaron hanya. VCS, wacce ke da hedikwata a Bern, tana ba wa membobinta inshorar muhalli, taimakon gefen hanya, layin gaggawa, da sauransu. 

## Manazarta
Chic Brodie (mai wasan ƙwallon ƙafa)

**Charles Thomas George Brodie** (22 Fabrairu 1937 - 24 Afrilu 2000) ya kasance ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Scotland wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin Mai tsaron gida.

Brodie ya buga wasanni 400 a gasar kwallon kafa, musamman ga Brentford, Aldershot da Northampton Town. Ayyukansa na sana'a sun ƙare a shekarar 1970, lokacin da ya ji rauni sosai bayan kare ya gudu zuwa filin wasa.

## Ayyuka

### Birnin Manchester
An haife shi a Duntocher, Brodie ya fara aikinsa tare da kungiyoyin Junior Duntocher Hibernian da Partick Avondale .  Ya shiga Manchester City na Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Farko a matsayin mai son a watan Maris na shekara ta 1954.  Ya shafe shekaru hudu tare da kulob din, yana taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida na Jamus Bert Trautmann, amma ya kasa shiga cikin tawagar farko kuma ya tashi a watan Yulin shekara ta 1957.

### Gillingham
Brodie ya sauka daga gasar don shiga Gillingham na Division na Uku na Kudu a watan Yulin shekara ta 1957.  Ya shafe kakar wasa daya tare da kulob din da ke Kent, a lokacin da ya buga wasanni 22.

### Aldershot
Brodie ya shiga kungiyar Aldershot ta hudu a watan Yulin shekara ta 1958. A lokacin yana kammala aikinsa na kasa kuma an ajiye shi a garin. Ya kasance a filin shakatawa har zuwa watan Fabrairun 1961 kuma ya tashi bayan ya buga wasanni 106 a kulob din.

### Wolverhampton Wanderers
Brodie ya sami damar komawa saman jirgin lokacin da ya shiga Wolverhampton Wanderers don rikodin kulob din £ 9,000 a watan Fabrairun 1961. Ya buga wasa daya kawai a kulob din,  kafin ya bar Molineux a watan Satumbar 1961.

### Birnin Northampton
Brodie ya koma Sashe na Uku don shiga garin Northampton a watan Satumbar 1961, don kuɗin £ 4,000. Farkon bayyanarsa ga kulob din ya nuna cewa ya buga wasanni uku a jere ga kungiyoyi uku. Brodie ya buga wa kulob din wasa a kai a kai sama da shekaru biyu kuma ya lashe lambar yabo ta Division ta Uku a lokacin kakar 1962-63. Ya bar County Ground a watan Nuwamba 1963, bayan ya buga wasanni 97 ga Cobblers.

### Brentford
Brodie ya koma Landan don shiga kungiyar Brentford ta uku a watan Nuwamba 1963 a cikin yarjejeniyar £ 10,000. Da sauri ya kwace mai tsaron gida na yau da kullun Gerry Cakebread kuma ya kasance mai tsaron gidan Bees na yau da kullum har sai ya rasa matsayinsa ga Gordon Phillips a lokacin da ya ji rauni a kakar 1966-67. Ya sake dawo da matsayinsa a cikin tawagar a lokacin kakar 1969-70, inda ya fito a matsayin mai kasancewa a duk gasa.

## manazarta
Makarantar Sakandare ta Jihar Smithfield

**Makarantar Sakandare ta Jihar Smithfield** makaranta ce ta sakandare da ke Smithfield, Cairns, Queensland, Ostiraliya. Makarantar Sakandare ta Jihar Smithfield tana aiki a matsayin makarantar sakandare mai zaman kanta ta gwamnati kuma an san ta da haɗin gwiwa na musamman da Makarantar Jihar Trinity Beach da Jami'ar James Cook, ta hanyar Kwalejin Koyon Tropical North. Makarantar tana jan hankalin ɗalibai galibi daga Cairns da yankin ƙasa mai faɗi.

Ya zuwa shekarar 2020, akwai kimanin ɗalibai 1000 (daga shekaru 7 zuwa 12) da suka yi rajista a makarantar.

## Tarihi
An buɗe makarantar a shekarar 1983.

## Karin manhaja

* Shirin kiɗa na musamman na makarantar ya ƙunshi ƙungiyar mawakan kade-kade da kuma makarantar koyon kiɗa ta Jazz.
* Makarantar Sakandare ta Jihar Smithfield tana ba da shirye-shiryen wasanni iri-iri, waɗanda suka haɗa da gasar rugby, ƙwallon ƙafa ta Australiya, futsal, ƙungiyar rugby, ƙwallon ƙafa, da ƙwallon raga.

## Gidajen Makaranta
Akwai gidajen makaranta guda 4 da suka shafi wasanni da ninkaya. Waɗannan rairayin bakin teku ne da aka sani kusa da Smithfield, Cairns, Queensland. Ana kiransu Clifton (Kore), Ellis (Rawaya), Kewarra (Shudi) da Trinity.(Ja)

## Duba kuma

* Jerin makarantu a Arewacin Far Queensland

## Manazarta
James Caldwall

**James Caldwall** (1739-1822) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma mai zane-zane.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Caldwall a Landan a cikin 1739,  kuma ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin John Keyse Sherwin . An san shi da hotunansa, kodayake ya kuma zana nau'ikan da batutuwan soja. Ya yi amfani da dabara wacce ta haɗu da zane-zane da zane-zane. Tsakanin 1768 da 1780 ya nuna ayyuka 29 a Free Society of Artists da ɗaya a Society of Artistas . Ya mutu a shekara ta 1822. 

Ɗan'uwansa, John Caldwall, wanda ya mutu a shekara ta 1819, ɗan ƙaramin mai zane ne wanda ya yi aiki a Scotland.

### Hotuna

* Sir Henry Oxenden, Bart.
* *Katherine, Countess na Suffolk*
* Sir John Glynne, Babban Alkalin Bench na Sarki.  (Hoto) 
* *Sir Roger Curtis*; bayan William Hamilton
* *Admiral Keppel*
* *John Gillies, LL. D., ɗan tarihi*
* *David Hume, ɗan tarihi*
* *Misis Siddons da Ɗanta, a cikin halin Isabella*; bayan William Hamilton . 1783

### Sauran batutuwa

* The Immortality of Garrick; bayan Carter, adadi da Caldwall ya zana, da kuma shimfidar wuri ta S. Smith. 1783
* *Fete Champêtre da Earl na Derby ya bayar a Oaks*; bayan R. Adams, wanda Caldwall da Charles Grignion suka zana
* sansanin a Coxheath; bayan William Hamilton . 1778

## Manazarta
Kwalejin Bentley Park

**Kwalejin Bentley Park** makaranta ce ta ilimi tare, wacce jiha ke gudanarwa, wacce ke a Bentley Park ( Queensland, Ostiraliya ).   Makarantar tana cikin ikon Majalisar Yankin Cairns.

## Ci gaban Tarihi
An gina hanyar da makarantar take a kai a shekarar 1885 kuma an sanya mata suna ne bayan iyalan McLaughlin, manoman yankin.

A shekarar 1997 (zagaye na 4), makarantar ta buɗe a matsayin makarantar firamare a Centenary Park mai suna "Makarantar Jihar Edmonton", bayan wani gari da ke kusa. A shekarar 1998, an sake mata suna "Bentley Park College" tare da fara aiki a matsayin makarantar P-7, wani canjin suna wanda daga baya ya bayyana a unguwar "Centenary Park", wanda aka sake masa suna "Bentley Park". A halin yanzu makarantar tana koyar da ɗalibai daga makarantar renon yara zuwa aji na 12. 

A shekarar 2011, an maye gurbin taken makarantar na asali, "Cimma Mafarkin Gobe Yau" da taken da take da shi a yanzu na "Buri, Koyi, Cimma".

## Kayayyakin more rayuwa

### Yankin Lafiya
A shekarar 2022, Kwalejin Bentley Park ta ƙaddamar da wani katafaren asibiti na dala miliyan 1.4, wanda hakan ya bai wa ɗaliban makarantar sakandare a duk faɗin Cairns damar hanzarta bin diddigin ayyukansu a fannin kiwon lafiya.

### Wasanni
A ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 2019, Kwalejin Bentley Park ta ƙaddamar da wani sabon shiri na gyaran zauren wasanni na dala miliyan 1.65, wanda aka ba da kuɗi a ƙarƙashin shirin Gwamnatin Queensland na Makarantun Ci Gaba na dala miliyan 200, wani filin wasa mai amfani da yawa, sabbin tsarin louvre, hanyoyin shiga da aka rufe, da kuma sabon dakin gwaje-gwaje na kinesiology, tare da sarari ga ɗaliban aji ɗaya, kwamfyutocin tafi-da-gidanka da kuma wurin motsa jiki mai cikakken kayan aiki.

## Dalibai

### Bentley Asali
"Bentley Original" kalma ce da ake amfani da ita ga ɗalibi wanda ya halarci Kwalejin Bentley Park daga Makarantar Firamare, Shekarar Shiri ko Shekara ta 1 har zuwa kammala karatunsu na Shekara ta 12. Ɗaliban Kwalejin Bentley Park ta Aji 11 ne suka ƙirƙiro waɗannan kalmomin a shekarar 2010 ("Bentley Originals na 2012"), shekara guda bayan kammala karatun ɗaliban farko waɗanda suka cika buƙatun "Bentley Originals", wato waɗanda suka fara Makarantar Firamare a shekarar 1998, ko Shekara ta 1 a shekarar 1999, kuma suka kammala karatunsu a shekarar 2009.

### Shekaru
Makarantar ta fara buɗe ƙofofinta ga ɗaliban makarantar firamare a shekarar 1997. A shekarar 1998, ta fara aiki a matsayin makarantar P-7.

A ranar 17 ga Satumba, 2001, an buɗe azuzuwan koyon ilimi na musamman na Makarantar Tsakiya da na Babban Makaranta, Laburaren Makarantun Tsakiya da na Babban Makaranta, ginin Gudanarwa na Kwaleji da Kantin Makaranta na Tsakiya da na Babban Makaranta a hukumance. A shekara ta 2001, makarantar ta fara karɓar ɗaliban makarantar sakandare (azuzuwan 6-9). [ an buƙata ambato ] A shekara ta 2002, ɗaliban makarantar sakandare (azuzuwan 10-12). [ an buƙata ambato ] A tsakanin 2003–2004, ɗaliban makarantar sakandare sun ƙaura zuwa ginin kansu ban da ɗaliban makarantar sakandare. [ ana buƙatar ambato ] Rukunin farko na aji 12 sun kammala karatunsu a shekarar 2004.[1]

## Manazarta
Billy Bowie

**William Davidson Bowie** (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Fabrairun 1966 a Stewarton, Ayrshire ) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan ƙasar Scotland wanda a halin yanzu shi ne mai mallakar kuma mafi yawan masu hannun jari na Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Firayim Minista na Scotland Kilmarnock FC kuma manajan darektan Billy Bowie Tankers Ltd . 

## Ayyuka

### Billy Bowie Tankers Ltd.
A ranar 17 ga Afrilu 1997, an nada Bowie a matsayin darektan kamfanin da ya kafa a shekarar 1991,  Billy Bowie Tankers Ltd, kamfani ne wanda ke gudanar da tattarawa da kuma kula da sharar gida.  Tun lokacin da aka kafa kamfanoni a 1991, Billy Bowie Tankers Ltd. ya buɗe rassa da yawa a duk faɗin Ingila, gami da Widnes da Sheffield .  Ya zuwa 2021, kamfanin yana aiki da wuraren ajiya da ke rufe kashi 90% na Ƙasar Ingila. 

### Kilmarnock FC
A shekara ta 1997, kamfanin Bowie, Billy Bowie Tankers, ya fara daukar nauyin kulob din kwallon kafa na Kilmarnock FC, bayan Bowie da kansa ya dauki nauyin kulob ɗin na shekaru da yawa. A shekara ta 2013, an nada Bowie a cikin kwamitin daraktocin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Kilmarnock .   Bayan nadin sa zuwa kwamitin, Bowie ya nemi kawo karshen rikici tsakanin mai kulob din Michael Johnston da magoya bayan kulob din ta hanyar saka hannun jari na £ 1.3 miliyan a cikin kulob din.&nbsp;

A cikin 2019, Michael Johnston ya sayar da ragowar hannun jarinsa a cikin kulob din ga Bowie, yana mai da Bowie babban mai hannun jari da mai kulob din.

An bayyana a cikin 2021 cewa, a ƙarƙashin mallakar Bowie, an tilasta kulob din neman ga Gwamnatin Scotland don adadin rancen fam miliyan 1 yayin da ake sa ran kulob din zai sanya asarar lambobi bakwai sakamakon tasirin Cutar COVID-19 a Scotland. &nbsp;

## Manazarta
Thomson Bonar

**Thomson Bonar** (* 1738 ko 1739, † 25 Yuli 1814) ya kasance mai sayar da ruwan inabi wanda ya auri Elizabeth, 'yar mai zane Andrew Bell,  wanda ya kafa *Encyclopædia Britannica* tare da Colin Macfarquhar .

Bonar ya sayar da bugu na 3 zuwa 5 na Britannica, kuma ya samar da kari ga bugu na 3  Bonar ya riƙe haƙƙin mallaka don wannan kari, wanda ya nemi adadi mai yawa (20,000 fam sterling) a cikin bugu na gaba, kodayake an ba shi kaɗan (100-200 fam). Bonar ya kasance abokantaka ga marubutan labarin, kuma ya gabatar da manufofin biyan su da masu bita na labarin, da kuma ba su damar riƙe haƙƙin mallaka don buga aikin su daban.

Bonar ya yi jayayya da surukinsa, Andrew Bell, kuma maza biyu ba su yi magana daga 1799 zuwa 1809, lokacin da Bell ya mutu ba. Wanda ya gaji Bell, Archibald Constable, ya sayi haƙƙin mallaka na Bonar don fitowar ta 5 kuma ya riƙe shi a matsayin abokin tarayya na Britannica

Thomson ya mutu a ranar 25 ga Yuli 1814, yana da shekaru 75. An binne shi a yankin arewacin St Cuthberts Churchyard a Edinburgh . Dutse ya koma kan hanyar shiga daga Princes Street. An binne jikansa mai suna (1799-1861) tare da shi.

## Manazarta
Kwalejin Katolika ta Saint Mary, Queensland

**Kwalejin Katolika ta St Mary**, (wanda kuma aka sani da **St Mary's** ), makarantar sakandare ce ta Katolika da ke Cairns, Queensland, Ostiraliya.

Makarantar St Mary tana bayan makarantar 'yar uwarta, St. Gerard Majella, inda yawancin ɗaliban St. Gerard suka halarci makarantar St. Mary a shekara mai zuwa. Makarantar da aka kafa a shekarar 1986 tana gudanar da "Yawon Bude Ido na Kwalejin" na shekara-shekara inda iyaye za su iya ganin kayan aikin kwalejin, amma ana iya yin alƙawari don yin rangadin a kowane lokaci na shekara.

Ana gudanar da wannan makarantar ne a ƙarƙashin jagorancin cocin Katolika na Cairns.

A watan Janairun 2014, makarantar ta buɗe cibiyar motsa jiki ta dala $450,000 don taimaka wa ɗalibai su bi sahun aikin motsa jiki. 

## Gidajen makaranta
St Mary's tana da gidaje huɗu waɗanda aka sanya wa suna bayan bishop-bishop daban-daban na Cairns da sauran majami'un da ke kewaye da ita. Ga su kamar haka:

* Cahill
* Mai nauyi
* Hutchinson
* Murray

Waɗannan gidaje huɗu suna fafatawa da juna a cikin ayyuka da yawa, ciki har da Wasannin motsa jiki da Nunin Ruwa na shekara-shekara, Ƙasashen Waje da Muhawara. Waɗannan abubuwan sun haɗu har zuwa Kofin Gida wanda ake bayarwa a ƙarshen kowace shekara. Ana kuma ba wa gida Kofin Shiga, wanda aka ci ta hanyar maki na gida wanda aka samu daga shiga cikin ayyukan sa kai a cikin shekaru daban-daban.

Waɗannan gidaje kuma suna fafatawa kowace shekara don kyautar "Mafi Kyawun Gida", wacce ake bai wa gidan da ke da mafi yawan maki a duk lokacin bukukuwa na shekara-shekara, kamar Ranar Wasanni, Cross Country da kuma Shekara-shekara na Yin iyo, wanda ake gudanarwa a Woree Pool Cairns.

## Fitattun tsofaffin ɗalibai

* Marita Cheng, Mai Gina Robot kuma Ɗan Kasuwa
* Rhys Tolhurst, mawaƙiya/mawaƙiyar Australiya

## Duba kuma

* Ilimin Katolika Cairns
* Ilimin Katolika a Ostiraliya
* Jerin makarantu a Arewacin Far Queensland

## Manazarta
Guy Berryman

**Guy Rupert Berryman** (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Afrilu 1978) mawaƙi ne na Scotland, marubucin waƙa, furodusa, ɗan kasuwa kuma mai tsarawa. An fi saninsa da bassist na ƙungiyar rock Coldplay da ƙungiyar lantarki mai suna Apparatjik . Ya girma a Kirkcaldy, ya fara buga bass tun yana ƙarami, yana karɓar wahayi daga James Brown, Funk Brothers da Kool & the Gang. Ayyukansa bayan kiɗa sun haɗa da mujallar The Road Rat da alamar kayan ado ta Amsterdam Applied Art Forms . 

Berryman ya shiga Coldplay tare da Chris Martin, Jonny Buckland da Will Champion a Kwalejin Jami'ar London, inda ya shiga digiri na injiniya amma daga baya ya fita. Kungiyar ta sanya hannu tare da Parlophone a cikin 1999, ta sami shahara a duniya bayan da aka saki *Parachute* (2000) da kuma bayanan da suka biyo baya. Ya lashe Grammy Awards bakwai da Brit Awards tara a matsayin wani ɓangare na Coldplay . Bayan sun sayar da rikodin sama da miliyan 160 a duk duniya,  su ne ƙungiyar da ta fi cin nasara a ƙarni na 21. 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Guy Rupert Berryman a ranar 12 ga Afrilu 1978 a Kirkcaldy, Fife, Scotland .  Shi ne ɗan ƙarami na injiniya Rupert Berryman da matarsa Elizabeth, waɗanda danginsu 'yan kasuwa ne da masu masana'antu a yankin. Ya girma kusa da yankin Beveridge Park, ya ce yarantakarsa tana da "babban ma'anar 'yanci", yayin da ya fita tare da abokai kuma "ya yi duk abin da muke so tun yana ƙarami", wanda ya haɗa da bincika Raith Estate da dazuzzuka da ke kusa da shi. Har ila yau a lokacin yarinta, ya ci gaba da sha'awar agogo, yana bincika waɗanda mahaifinsa ke da su duk da cewa "an yi amfani da ɗakunan don su kasance masu hanawa".

Berryman ya ce sauraron Stevie Wonder's "My Cherie Amour" (1969) wani lokaci ne mai mahimmanci a rayuwarsa, da kuma dalilin da ya sa ya yanke shawarar zama dan wasan bass: "Zan iya tuna cewa yana da shekaru shida, yana da wannan gogewa. A bayyane na ji kiɗa a bango, a cikin gida da abubuwa, amma wannan shine lokacin farko da na taɓa haɗawa da kiɗa a matakin kansa kuma tun daga wannan lokacin koyaushe ina babban fan na rai da Motown".

Tare da mahaifinsa da ke da hannu wajen gina Channel Tunnel a matsayin manajan aikin, dangin Berryman sun koma Kent lokacin da yake kusan shekaru 12, wannan lokacin da ya fara buga bass. A lokacin da yake a Kwalejin Edinburgh, ya buga kara da ƙaho ga ƙungiyar makarantar. Darussan sun sa ya lura cewa shi "wani hagu ne wanda ke taka leda da hannun dama" kuma bassist daga baya ya kafa ƙungiyar da ake kira Time Out . Ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Kwalejin Kent, a Canterbury .  Daga nan sai ya shiga aikin injiniya a Kwalejin Jami'ar London, inda ya sadu da Chris Martin, Jonny Buckland da Will Champion, daga ƙarshe ya kafa Coldplay.

## manazarta
Kwalejin St Augustine, Cairns

**Kwalejin Saint Augustine**, wacce aka fi sani da "Saints", makarantar sakandare ce ta maza 'yan Katolika a Parramatta Park, Cairns, Queensland, Ostiraliya. Saints suna da ɗaliban makarantar sakandare da kuma 'yan mata daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Saint Monica, wacce ita ma take a Cairns.

## Tarihi
A shekarar 1930, ' Yan'uwan Marist suka kafa makarantar yara maza. Da farko akwai 'yan'uwa uku na Marist da ɗalibai 96.

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, hare-haren sama da Japan ta kai wa garuruwan Australiya da kuma fargabar mamaye wasu daga cikin 'yan Japan sun haifar da ƙaura daga garuruwan arewacin Australiya. A watan Maris na 1942, an kwashe waɗanda ke kan iyaka (mafi yawan ɗaliban) zuwa gidan baƙi da ke Tafkin Barrine.  

## Makarantar kwana
Saint Augustine's tana ba da masaukin baƙi ga ɗalibai daga aji 7 zuwa 12. Ƙungiyar kula da yara ta ƙunshi ɗalibai da yawa daga yankin Arewacin Queensland mai nisa, tare da ɗaliban ƙauye da yawa daga yankunan karkara na Queensland da Arewacin Territory. Akwai ɗalibai da yawa da ke zuwa daga wurare masu nisa kamar Papua New Guinea, Gove da sauran tsibiran da ke bakin tekun Ostiraliya.

## Wasanni
Kwalejin memba ce ta ƙungiyar Cairns Interschool Senior Sport Association (CISSA  ) wadda ke ganin makarantu da dama na gida suna fafatawa a wasanni daban-daban kowace Laraba. CISSA tana gudana a lokacin zangon farko na shekarar makaranta. Saint Augustine's kuma ta yi nasara sosai wajen riƙe kofin Zakaran Wasannin Ninkaya na Overall Boys na tsawon shekaru 40.

### Ƙungiyar ƙwallon rugby
Makarantar ta lashe dukkan gasannin da aka yi a gasar Cairns Schoolboys Rugby Union ta shekarar 2014.

### Hockey
Kwalejin ta fafata a Gasar Hockey ta Makarantar Grammar ta Melbourne a shekarar 2022, inda ta lashe kambun ba tare da an doke ta ba. Kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar Cade Coghlan ya karɓi kyautar ɗan wasan da ya fi kowa zura kwallaye a gasar baya ga kasancewarsa ɗan wasan da ya fi kowa zura kwallaye a raga.

### Nasarorin da aka samu a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Australiya
Kwalejin tana fafatawa a gasar AFL Queensland Schools Cup, babbar gasar kwallon kafa ta Dokokin Australiya ga makarantu a Queensland, wacce AFL Queensland ke gudanarwa.

## Manazarta
Henry Bell (injiniya)

**Henry Bell** (7 Afrilu 1767 - 14 Nuwamba 1830) masanin injiniya ne na Scotland wanda ya taimaka wajen fara ci gaban Jirgin ruwa. An fi saninsa da gabatar da sabis na Jirgin ruwa na fasinja na farko a Turai a cikin 1812.

## Farkon aiki
An haifi Bell a Torphichen, Bathgate, West Lothian a cikin shekara ta 1767.  Shi ne ɗan na biyar na Patrick Bell da Margaret Easton, su kansu mambobi ne na dangin da aka sani a lokacin a matsayin masu yin gyare-gyare, masu ginawa da injiniyoyi. Ya girma a ma'adinai na gida a Torphichen, inda ya haɓaka ilimin aiki na wutar lantarki. Ayyukan da membobin iyalin Bell suka yi sun haɗa da ƙira da gina tashar jiragen ruwa, gadoji, da sauransu, a Scotland da kuma ko'ina cikin Ƙasar Ingila. Henry Bell ya yi karatu a makarantar Ikklisiya ta yankin kuma an koya masa aikin dutse tsakanin 1780 da 1783.  Shekaru uku bayan haka, an ɗan koya masa ga kawunsa, mai zane-zane. A shekara ta 1786, ya tafi aiki Borrowstounness kuma ya koyi samfurin jirgin ruwa. A shekara ta 1787, ya bi sha'awarsa a cikin injiniyan jirgin ruwa a Bellshill tare da injiniyan Mista James Inglis, wanda ya biyo bayan shekaru da yawa yana aiki a London a ƙarƙashin injiniyan John Rennie the Elder . 

Ya koma Scotland a kusa da shekara ta 1790, kuma ya koma Glasgow, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin masassaƙi gida. Muradinsa shine ya bi sawun kakanninsa kuma ya zama injiniyan farar hula, kuma don wannan dalili, ya shiga kamfanin Glasgow na wrights a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1797. Bai yi nasara ba, a bayyane yake saboda rashin kudi, ko rashin aikace-aikace ko ƙwarewa a bangarensa. A cewar wani zamani:

## Sha'awar wutar lantarki don jigilar kayayyaki
Tunanin motsa Jirgin ruwa ta hanyar tururi da wuri ya mallaki tunaninsa. "A cikin 1800 (ya rubuta) Na yi amfani da Lord Melville, da nufin nuna ubangijinsa da sauran mambobin Admiralty, yiwuwar da kuma amfani mai yawa na yin amfani da tururi don motsa jiragen ruwa game da iskõki da raƙuman ruwa, da kuma kowane cikas a kan koguna da teku, inda akwai zurfin ruwa. "Rashin jin daɗi a cikin wannan aikace-aikacen, ya sake maimaita ƙoƙarin a cikin 1803, ba tare da sanarwar Ubangiji Nelson mai suna gaba ba, wanda, ya sa ƙasashe masu daraja su, wanda ya sa a ƙarshen, ya sa a Turai, ya kamata ku sami waɗannan lokuta su, ya sa, ya sa' yanka waɗannan ƙasashe su, ya zo da waɗannan ƙasashe masu ɗauke da waɗannan ƙasashen nan, ya sa. "Amurkawa," ya rubuta, "sun kasance na farko da suka sanya shirin na cikin aiki, kuma wasu kasashe sun biyo baya da sauri. "Yunkurin da suka riga na Bell an lura da su a takaice a cikin "Rahoton na biyar na Kwamitin Zaɓaɓɓen House of Commons a kan Steam-Boats, Yuni, 1822, Sir Henry Parnell, shugaban. "Mutumn da sauri ya yi amfani da waɗannan nau'ikan ruwa masu daraja a kan waɗannan nau'in ruwa masu daraja, Mry, Henry F1, ya fara amfani da su; Mashahuriyarsu suna amfani da su - Mashahurice 180; Mashahurin ruwa mai amfani da su Mashahuri na Mashahuri ... ... ...

## manazarta
Makarantar St. Therese

**Makarantar Firamare ta St Therese** makarantar firamare ce ta Katolika da ke Bentley Park, Cairns, Queensland, Ostiraliya.

## Tarihi
An kafa Makarantar Katolika ta farko a Edmonton, Makarantar Convent ta Edmonton - a ranar 29 ga Afrilu, 1929, tare da ɗalibai 30 da suka yi rajista. A shekarar 1965, an kafa Edmonton a matsayin wata coci daban - St Therese's Parish, kuma aka sake sanya wa makarantar suna Makarantar St Therese, Edmonton. Da farko al'ummar ta sami hidimar firistoci daga cocin St Monica's Cathedral, sannan daga cocin St Joseph's, Cairns.

Bishop Torpie ne ya buɗe sabuwar makarantar a watan Yulin 1969. A shekarar 1976, ' Yan'uwa Mata na Mercy, waɗanda suka yi aiki a makarantar tsawon tarihinta, suka janye daga Parish. A shekarar 1995 aka mayar da makarantar zuwa wani sabon wuri a Centenary Park, wanda aka sake masa suna Bentley Park. Firist na Parish, John McGrath, yana da sha'awar duk wani abu da ya shafi addini da rayuwar makiyaya na makarantar kuma yana gudanar da taron jama'a na makaranta da aji akai-akai.

## Bayani
Makarantar St. Therese tana kula da yankunan kudancin Cairns. Makarantar da ke cikin Bentley Park, ta kai matsayin zangon karatu huɗu, wanda ke nufin akwai azuzuwa huɗu a kowace shekara. Wannan ɗaliban da ke karatu a yanzu sun kai kimanin ɗalibai 670 daga aji ɗaya zuwa na shida. Kwanan nan makarantar ta kashe kuɗi mai yawa wajen gyara wasu sassan koyarwa, kafa Lambun Abota da kuma kafa filin wasa na zamani na Shirye-shiryen.

Ƙungiyar iyaye ta ƙunshi iyaye waɗanda ayyukansu ke da alaƙa da yawon buɗe ido ko masana'antu masu alaƙa. Akwai 'yan ƙasa kusan arba'in da biyu waɗanda suka ƙunshi ɗalibai daban-daban a St. Therese's, yawancinsu 'yan Australiya na ƙarni na biyu ko na uku. Makarantar tana da ƙungiyar koyarwa mai kyau, gogaggu kuma mai aiki tuƙuru waɗanda ke mai da hankali kan inganta sakamakon ilimi ga dukkan ɗalibai a makarantar.

## Duba kuma

* Ilimin Katolika Cairns

## Manazarta
Michael Hill (mai ado)

**Sir Richard Michael Hill** KNZM (23 Disamba 1938 - 29 Yuli 2025) ya kasance mai sayar mai kayan ado na New Zealand, ɗan kasuwa kuma mai ba da agaji wanda ya kafa mai sayar da kayayyaki na duniya Michael Hill Jeweller a shekarar 1979. Ya yi ritaya a matsayin shugaban kamfanin a watan Nuwamba 2015. Ya zauna a Arrowtown Ya kasance mai shiga cikin New Zealand Business Hall of Fame kuma an ba shi suna Ernst &amp;amp; Young's 2008 Entrepreneur of the Year a New Zealand.

A shekara ta 2002, an girmama shi da New Zealand Order of Merit

## Rayuwa ta farko da aiki
An haifi Hill a Whangārei a ranar 23 ga Disamba 1938, kuma ta yi karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Whangārei daga 1949 zuwa 1954. [1] Hill ya tuna cewa an zalunta shi, yana mai cewa ya "ƙyaye" lokacinsa a makaranta.[2] Ya bar makaranta yana da shekara 16 don ya bi aiki a matsayin mai kunna violin kide-kide amma bayan shekara guda an gaya masa cewa dole ne ya fara da ƙuruciya a rayuwa don ya zama sanannen mawaƙi.[3] Hill ya watsar da fatansa na aiki a cikin kiɗa kuma ya fara aiki ga kawunsa, Arthur Fisher, a shagon kayan ado na iyali. Ya yi kyau a matsayin mai siyarwa da mai gyaran taga, ya lashe kyaututtuka na kasa da kasa saboda kokarinsa a karshen.[4] Daga baya ya karɓi jaridar shagon da tallace-tallace na rediyo, yana jawo hankali ga kasuwancin tare da jigogi masu ban mamaki don tallace-bambance.[3]

A cikin bazara na shekara ta 1964, yayin da yake aiki a cikin shagon, Hill ya sadu da Christine Roe, wata mace ta Ingila wacce ta koyar da fasaha a makarantar sakandare ta gida. Sun yi aure a watan Maris na shekara ta 1965 kuma suna da 'ya'ya biyu, Mark (an haife shi a shekara ta 1969) da Emma (an haifi ta 1971). 

## Michael Hill Jeweller
A ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1977, gidan da ya dauki su shekaru hudu don ginawa ya lalace a cikin wuta. Bayan wannan koma baya, Hill ya sake tantance rayuwarsa. Tare da taimakon aboki, ya yi ƙoƙari ya sayi kasuwancin kawunsa, amma kawunsa ya ki sayar. A ranar 13 ga Mayu 1979, Hill ya buɗe kantin sayar da kayan ado na kansa a kusa, yana kiransa Michael Hill Jeweller .  Ɗaya daga cikin manyan bambance-bambance shi ne iyakance yawan samfuran shagonsa ga kayan ado, rarraba kayan azurfa, agogo, porcelain da kayan gilashi da ake samu a wasu shagunan kayan ado a lokacin.

## Rashin lafiya da mutuwa
A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2025, Hill ya sami maganin ciwon daji. Ya mutu a gidansa a Arrowtown a ranar 29 ga Yuli 2025, yana da shekaru 86.  

## Littattafai
Hill yana da littattafai uku da aka buga game da cin nasara a kasuwanci. Littattafan suna amfani da labaru daga rayuwarsa don kwatanta abubuwan da ya samu game da samun nasara.

### MANAZARTA
Gabriella Ghermandi

Gabriella Ghermandi (an haife shi a shekara ta 1965) marubuci ne kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ɗan Habasha. Rubutun Ghermandi yana mai da hankali kan haɗin gwiwar Afirka (musamman Habasha) da asalin Italiyanci.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Ghermandi a Addis Ababa ga mahaifin wani ɗan Italiya daga Bologna da kuma mahaifiyar wani ɗan ƙasar Italo-Ethiopia. An haifi mahaifiyar Ghermandi ga wani jami'in soja na Italiya da kuma mahaifiyar wani ɗan ƙasar Eritrea waɗanda suka rabu saboda manufofin launin fata na mulkin mallaka na lokacin da Fascist ke iko da shi a Gabashin Afirka ta Italiya kafin su auri mahaifin Ghermandi ɗan Italiya bayan ƙarshen gwamnatin Fascist ta Italiya .  Ghermandi ta bayyana cewa mahaifiyarta ta girma "farar fata", tana mai cewa mahaifiyarta ta fuskanci wariya daga al'ummar Habasha lokacin da aka rene ta a gidan sufi na Italiya saboda matsayinta na jinsi daban-daban.  Bayan rasuwar mahaifinta, Ghermandi ta ƙaura zuwa Bologna tana da shekaru 14. A lokacin ƙuruciyarta a Bologna, Ghermandi ta bayyana cewa tana jin kewar gida da kuma sha'awar al'ummarta a Habasha . 

## Sana'a

Ghermandi ta sami karramawa a shekarar 1999, inda ta lashe kyautar adabi ta Eks & Tra ga marubutan ƙaura  ta hannun mawallafin Fara Editore. Ta ci gaba da lashe matsayi na uku sau biyu a shekarar 2001 da 2003 a wannan gasa.  A shekarar 2003, Ghermandi tana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa mujallar adabi ta yanar gizo *El Ghibli* .  *Donzelli Editore* ne ya buga littafin Ghermandi na farko, *Regina di fiori e di perle* (Sarauniyar Furanni da Lu'u-lu'u) a shekarar 2007.  An buga fassarar harshen Turanci a shekarar 2015 kuma an sami ra'ayoyi masu kyau.  

A cikin 2010, Ghermandi ya fara *aikin Atse Tewodros*, wani aikin waƙa da aka yi wa Atse Tewodros II, Sarkin Habasha na farko ba na sarauta ba. CD na farko na aikin an fitar da kansa ne a cikin 2013 sannan aka sake shi da lakabin ARC Music a cikin 2016, mai taken *Habasha - Bikin Emperor Tewodros II* .  Tun daga 2018, Ghermandi yana aiki akan wani aikin mai suna *Maqeda*, mai suna don sunan Habasha na Sarauniyar Sheba, yana mai da hankali kan mace-mace a tarihin Habasha. 

## Ayyuka

### Rubutu

* *Il telefono del quartiere* (1999)
* *Quel certo temperamento focoso* (2001)
* *Regina di fiori e di perle* (2007. Donzelli Editore) 
** *Sarauniyar Furanni da Lu'u-lu'u* (Fassarar Turanci daga Giovanna Bellesia-Contuzzi da Victoria Offredi Poletto;  2015. Indiana University Press) 

### Kiɗa

* *Habasha - Bikin Emperor Tewodros II* (2016. ARC Music) 

## Manazarta
Graeme Bennett

**Graeme Bennett** (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Mayu 1965) tsohon dan wasan tsakiya ne na Scotland. Yanzu ya yi ritaya, ya rike mukamin Darakta na kwallon kafa a Inverness Caledonian Thistle FC.

A matsayinsa na dan wasa, Bennett ya fara buga wasan kwallon kafa na Scotland a sabuwar kungiyar Inverness a kakar wasa ta farko da suka wanzu. Daga bisani ya bar kulob din ya zama mai kula da Clachnacuddin F.C. kuma ya mai da hankali kan kamfaninsa na gilashi biyu amma nan da nan ya dawo cikin matsayin darektan. Kodayake yana kula da sauye-sauye na yau da kullun na maza a matsayin manajan, Bennett ya kasance a matsayin darektan tun zamanin Steve Paterson.

Bennett ya kuma rike mukamin mataimakin shugaban kulob din. Bayan da kulob din ya sake komawa baya a shekara ta 2009 matsayin darektan kwallon kafa ya zama wanda ba a biya shi ba yayin da kulob ɗin ya yi jerin matakan rage farashin.

## Manazarta
Maria Abbebù Viarengo

**Maria Abbebù Viarengo** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1949) marubuciya ce 'yar asalin ƙasar Habasha da ke zaune a Italiya .

'Yar wani uba da ya zo Habasha daga Piedmont a shekarar 1928 kuma uwa 'yar kabilar Oromo ce, an haife ta a Gidami kuma ta girma a Habasha da Sudan .  Mahaifiyarta ta rasu tana ƙarama kuma mahaifinta ya kawo ta Turin a arewacin Italiya a shekarar 1969. Wannan ya cece ta daga rashin kwanciyar hankali na Habasha, amma kuma ya yanke alaƙarta da mahaifiyarta da kuma asalin Afirka.  

A cikin rubutunta, Viarengo ta yi nazari kan gaɓoɓin al'adunta da kuma yadda ta fahimci yaren Italiya da na Oromo . Tana ganin ba a ɗauke ta a matsayin 'yar Italiya ko 'yar Afirka ba.  

## Zaɓaɓɓun ayyuka

* *Andiamo da Spasso?*, tarihin (1994) 

## Manazarta
Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust

The **Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust**  (tsohon Game Conservancy Trust) kungiya ce ta sadaka ta Burtaniya ta amfani da kimiyya don inganta wasan da kula da namun daji a matsayin muhimmin bangare na kiyaye yanayi. Fiye da shekaru 80 Trust yana gudanar da bincike na kimiyya don fahimtar dalilin da ya sa aka sami raguwa a cikin nau'o'in kamar launin toka, baƙar fata, ruwa, masara da launin ruwan kasa.

Amintacciyar hukumar tana ba wa masu kula da gandun daji, manoma da manajojin filaye shawara kan hanyoyin inganta muhallin namun daji da kuma inganta karkara don amfanin jama'a . Haka kuma tana goyon bayan gwamnati kan manufofin noma da kiyayewa bisa kimiyya.

Manyan ayyukan kiyayewa na Amintacciyar sun haɗa da kiyaye partridges masu launin toka, black grouse da kuma kula da namun daji inda suke farautar flores na ruwa. 

A shekara ta 2004, Hukumar ta lashe kyautar farko ta UFAW Wild Animals Welfare Award daga Jami'o'in Federation for Animal Welfare saboda sabuwar dabarar 'Mink Raft' mai rahusa, wadda ta ba da damar sa ido da kama mink cikin inganci yayin da ta rage haɗarin da ke tattare da nau'ikan da ba a kai hari ba don kiyaye ruwa.  Ana amfani da waɗannan kwale-kwalen a ko'ina cikin Burtaniya.   

## Manufofin Sadaka
An bayyana manufofin agaji na Trust kamar haka:

* Don inganta rayuwar dabbobi da fauna ga jama'a, ana buƙatar a ƙara musu himma wajen kiyaye lafiyar dabbobin da ke kewaye da su.
* Don gudanar da bincike kan kula da namun daji da namun daji (gami da amfani da dabbobin farauta a matsayin albarkatun ƙasa) da kuma tasirin noma da sauran ayyukan kula da filaye ga muhalli, da kuma buga sakamakon irin wannan bincike mai amfani.
* Don ciyar da ilimin jama'a da waɗanda ke kula da karkara gaba a fannin noma da kula da ƙasa wanda ke da alaƙa da namun daji da namun daji.
* Don kiyaye namun daji da namun daji don amfanin jama'a, gami da: inda yake don kare muhalli, kiyayewa ko haɓaka bambancin halittu ta hanyar samar da, kiyayewa, gyarawa ko haɓaka muhallin halitta; ko kiyayewa ko dawo da wani nau'in halitta a cikin mazauninsa na halitta a ƙasa ko a cikin ruwa, musamman inda mazaunin halitta yake kusa da wurin zubar da shara. 

## Tarihi

Barkewar cutar strongylosis mai tsanani a cikin partridges masu launin toka a shekarar 1931 ya sa Major HG Eley (mai kera harsashin bindiga ) ya kafa Cibiyar Bincike Kan Wasanni ta ICI a Knebworth da ke Hertfordshire . Ƙungiyar ta fara binciken ilmin halittar partridge da kuma sa ido kan adadinsu a gonaki da gidaje a faɗin Burtaniya a shekarar 1933 - aikin da ke ci gaba har zuwa yau tare da halartar manoma, manajojin filaye da masu kula da dabbobin a cikin *Shirin Kidaya na Partridge* .  

Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, Eley ta kafa sabon sansani a Burgate Manor da ke Fordingbridge, Hampshire, inda ta kafa abin da daga baya aka sani da Eley Game Advisory Service. Sun yi hayar wani    kuma na tsawon shekaru 14 ina gudanar da shi a matsayin gwaji da kuma ɗaukar wasan kwaikwayo.

## Manazarta