Jaramogi Oginga Odinga

**Jaramogi Ajuma Oginga Odinga** (Oktoba 1911  - 20 Janairu 1994) ɗan siyasan Kenya ne wanda ya zama babban jigo a gwagwarmayar neman 'yancin kai na ƙasar Kenya. Ya taɓa zama mataimakin shugaban ƙasar Kenya na farko, sannan kuma ya zama jagoran 'yan adawa. Ɗan Odinga Raila Odinga tsohon firaminista ne,  kuma wani ɗansa, Oburu Odinga, tsohon mataimakin minista ne a ma'aikatar kuɗi.

Jaramogi an yaba da kalmar "Ba tukuna Uhuru" wanda shine taken tarihin rayuwarsa da aka buga a  shekarar 1967. "Uhuru" na nufin 'yanci a cikin harshen Swahili kuma yana yin ishara da imaninsa cewa ko bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya, mummunan zaluncin da 'yan adawa ke yi a harkokin siyasa a Kenya, yana nufin har yanzu ƙasar ba ta samu 'yanci na hakika ba. Misali, ɗan Jaramogi, Raila Odinga, shi ma ya shafe shekaru takwas a tsare, ko da yake daga baya ya zama firaminista.

## Shekarun farko da aiki
An haifi Oginga Odinga a ƙauyen Nyamira Kang'o, Bondo, ɗa ga Mama Opondo Nyamagolo da Odinga Raila.  A cikin tarihin rayuwarsa, *Ba tukuna Uhuru*, Odinga ya kiyasta ranar haihuwarsa zuwa watan Oktoba 1911. Christened Obadiah Adonija, daga baya ya yi watsi da sunansa na Kirista kuma ya zama sananne da Oginga Odinga. Ya kasance ɗalibi na Makarantar Maseno  da Makarantar Sakandare ta Alliance. Ya tafi Jami'ar Makerere a shekarar 1940, kuma ya koma makarantar sakandare ta Maseno a matsayin malami. A shekarar 1948 ya shiga jam'iyyar siyasa ta Kenya African Union (KAU).

Ya himmatu don ƙarfafa ƙabilar sa ta Luo ta Kenya, Odinga ya kafa Luo Thrift and Trading Corporation (wanda aka yi rajista a cikin shekarar 1947). Bayan lokaci, Odinga da kungiyarsa sun ɗauki alkawarin karfafa haɗin gwiwa tsakanin al'ummar Luo a ɗaukacin gabashin Afirka. Ƙoƙarin da ya yi ya ba shi sha'awa da karɓuwa a cikin Luo, waɗanda suka girmama shi a matsayin *Ker* - laƙabin da tsohon sarkin Luo, Ramogi Ajwang, wanda ya yi mulki shekaru 400 kafin shi. Da yake shan alwashin tabbatar da manufofin Ramogi Ajwang, Odinga ya zama sananne da *Jaramogi* (mutumin mutanen Ramogi).

## Mataimakin shugaban ƙasa
Bisa al'adar Luo, *Ker* ba zai iya zama ɗan siyasa ba, don haka Odinga ya ajiye muƙaminsa na sarki a shekara ta 1957 kuma ya zama kakakin siyasa na Luo. A wannan shekarar, an zaɓe  shi mamba a majalisar dokokin yankin tsakiyar Nyanza, kuma a shekarar 1958 ya shiga ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta Kenya (KAU). Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa kungiyar 'yancin kai ta Kenya a shekarar 1959, kuma a cikin shekarar 1960, tare da Tom Mboya ya shiga kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta Kenya (KANU). Lokacin da Kenya ta zama jamhuriya a shekarar 1964, shi ne mataimakin shugabanta na farko.

A matsayinsa na mataimakin shugaban ƙasa bai amince da gwamnatin Jomo Kenyatta ba. Yayin da Odinga ya yi kira da a ƙara kulla alaƙa da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin da Tarayyar Soviet da sauran ƙasashe na yarjejeniyar Warsaw, Kenyatta yana goyon bayan tunkarar Amurka da ƙasashen yammacin Turai.  Hakan ya sa Odinga ya yi murabus daga muƙaminsa tare da barin KANU a shekarar 1966 ya kafa kungiyar jama’ar Kenya (KPU).

## A cikin adawa
An ci gaba da gwabza faɗa tsakanin Odinga da Kenyatta, kuma a shekara ta 1969 aka kama Odinga bayan da mutanen biyu suka yi wa juna kalaman ɓatanci a bainar jama'a a wani taro da aka yi a Kisumu - kuma inda aka kashe akalla mutane 11 tare da jikkata wasu da dama a tarzomar. A lokacin ne Jomo a matsayin shugaban ƙasar Kenya zai buɗe sabon asibitin Nyanza (Asibitin Rasha), a watan Oktoban 1969 wanda ake ganin aikin Odinga ne saboda alakarsa da Rasha. Sakamakon lamarin an hana KPU maida Kenya ta zama jaha ta jam'iyyar ta KANU. An tsare shi tare da wasu membobin KPU tsawon watanni goma sha takwas har sai da gwamnati ta yanke shawarar sake shi a ranar 27 ga watan Maris 1971.  Ya shiga siyasa har sai bayan mutuwar Kenyatta a watan Agustan 1978. A yakin Uganda-Tanzaniya (1978-1979), Odinga ya bayar da rahoton goyon bayan 'yan tawayen Idi Amin, inda ya ba da mafaka da dama daga cikinsu a gonarsa da ke gundumar Bondo a lokacin shirye-shiryen yakin Tororo. 

Magajin Kenyatta, Daniel arap Moi, ya naɗa Odinga a matsayin shugaban hukumar sayar da auduga da iri. Bai daɗe ba a wannan muƙami, mai yiwuwa saboda ɓacin ran da ya nuna har yanzu yana nuna adawa da manufofin Kenyatta. Odinga ya zargi Jomo a matsayin ɗan kwacen fili, shi ya sa suka banbanta. Odinga ya yi yunkurin yin rajistar jam’iyyar siyasa a shekarar 1982, amma Dokar Tsarin Mulki ta Kenya, 1982 (wanda ta sanya Kenya ta *zama* ƙasa mai jam’iyya ɗaya), ta dakile shirinsa.

Bayan juyin mulkin da bai yi nasara ba a shekarar 1982 kan gwamnatin Moi, an sake ɗaure Odinga a gidan kaso a Kisumu. A shekarar 1990, ya yi ƙoƙari a banza tare da wasu don yin rajistar jam'iyyar adawa, National Democratic Party.  A shekarar 1991 ya kafa tare kuma ya zama shugaban riƙo na Forum for the Restoration of Democracy (FORD). Samuwar FORD ya haifar da jerin abubuwan da za su canza yanayin siyasar Kenya, wanda ya kai ga kawo karshen mulkin KANU na shekaru 40 - shekaru takwas bayan mutuwar Odinga.

FORD ya rabu kafin zaɓen 1992. Odinga da kansa ya nemi tikitin takarar shugaban ƙasa na Ford-Kenya, amma ya zo na huɗu da kaso 17.5% na kuri'u. Duk da haka, ya sake samun kujerar mazaɓar Bondo bayan da aka tilasta masa ficewa daga siyasar majalisa sama da shekaru ashirin. Odinga ya mutu a shekarar 1994 a asibitin Aga Khan, Kisumu. An binne shi a Mausoleum na Jaramogi Oginga Odinga da ke gidansa na Bondo.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Odinga ya yi aure fiye da ɗaya  kuma yana da mata huɗu: Mary Juma, Gaudencia Adeya, Susan Agik, da Betty Adongo. Tare da waɗannan mata, yana da 'ya'ya goma sha bakwai. Maryamu ita ce mahaifiyar Raila da Oburu.  Maryamu ta rasu a shekara ta 1984. 

## Manufar duniya
Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen da suka rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar shirya taron tsara kundin tsarin mulkin duniya.   A sakamakon haka, a karon farko a tarihin ɗan adam, Majalisar Tsarin Mulki ta Duniya ta yi taro don tsara da kuma amince da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Tarayyar Duniya. 

## Duba kuma

* Mutanen Luo na Kenya da Tanzaniya

## Manazarta