Ƙarfi (tsire-tsire)

**Ƙarfi** tsire-tsire yana bayyana ikon su na tsira daga mummunan yanayin girma. Yawancin lokaci ana iyakance shi ga tattaunawar matsalar yanayi. Don haka ikon shuka na jure sanyi, zafi, fari, ambaliyar ruwa, ko iska galibi ana ɗaukar su a matsayin ma'auni na ƙarfin. An bayyana tsananin tsire-tsire ta wurin asalin su: longitude, latitude da tsawo. Wadannan halayen galibi ana sauƙaƙe su zuwa yankin juriya. A cikin latitudes masu matsakaici, kalmar galibi tana bayyana juriya ga sanyi, ko "tsananin sanyi", kuma galibi ana auna ta mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki da shuka zai iya tsayayya da shi.

Za'a iya raba ƙarfin tsire-tsire zuwa kashi biyu: mai laushi, da mai ƙarfi. Tsire-tsire masu tsayi sune wadanda aka kashe ta hanyar yanayin sanyi, yayin da tsire-tsalle masu tsayi suka tsira daga daskarewa - aƙalla har zuwa wasu yanayin zafi, dangane da shuka. "Half-hardy" kalma ce da ake amfani da ita a wasu lokuta a cikin aikin lambu don bayyana tsire-tsire na gado waɗanda aka shuka a cikin zafi a cikin hunturu ko farkon bazara, kuma an dasa su a waje bayan duk haɗarin sanyi ya wuce. "Fully hardy" yawanci yana nufin tsire-tsire da aka rarraba a ƙarƙashin rarrabuwa na Royal Horticultural Society, kuma sau da yawa yana iya haifar da rikicewa ga waɗanda ba sa amfani da wannan hanyar. Lokacin da aka sanya wannan bambancin tsire-tsire na wurare masu zafi wanda ke buƙatar yanayin zafi don girma kuma nunawa ana kiranta tsire-shire mai "mai tausayi".

Shuke-shuke sun bambanta sosai a cikin haƙuri ga yanayin girma, noma suna iya daidaitawa da canje-canje a cikin yanayi da kansu har zuwa wani mataki. Zaɓin kiwo na iri-iri waɗanda ke iya tsayayya da wasu yanayi ya noma muhimmin ɓangare na aikin gona da aikin gona. Wani bangare na aikin masu shuka shuke-shuke ya ƙunshi tsananin sanyi, ko tsananin tsire-tsire, don shirya su don yanayin da zai yiwu a rayuwa ta gaba.

## Rashin ƙarfi na hunturu
Tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi na hunturu suna girma a lokacin hunturu, ko aƙalla sun kasance lafiya da kwanciyar hankali . Baya ga tsire-tsire masu tsayi, waɗannan sun haɗa da tsire-tsire da aka noma da yawa, gami da nau'ikan kabeji da broccoli, da kowane nau'in karas . Wasu kwararan fitila - irin su tulips - suna buƙatar lokacin sanyi don yin fure, - irin su freesia - na iya tsira daga lokacin sanyi. Yawancin tsire-tsire na cikin gida an ba su yankin hardiness yankin da ke ƙayyade yanayin da za su iya . Lambunan hunturu sun dogara ne akan noman shuke-shuken hunturu.

### Hanyoyin da ake amfani da su
Tsire-tsire na katako suna tsira daga yanayin sanyi ta hanyar hana samar da kankara a cikin sel masu rai ko ta hanyar ba da damar ruwa ya daskare a cikin sassan shuke-shuke waɗanda ba su da tasiri ga samar da kanjamau. Hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita don tsire-tsire masu katako don rayuwa har zuwa -40 ° C (-40 ° F) shine supercooling. Tsire-tsire na katako da suka tsira daga yanayin zafi suna bushewa daga sel ɗin su, suna ba da damar ruwa ya daskare tsakanin bangon sel da sel ɗin su tsira. Tsire-tsire da aka saba la'akari da su ba za su iya tsira daga daskarewa ba idan ba a sauƙaƙe su ba, wanda ke sa su kasa amfani da waɗannan hanyoyin. Wasu tsire-tsire suna iya tsayayya da yanayin sanyi a duk shekara, kamar waɗanda ke zaune a Antarctica kamar Colobanthus quitensis. &nbsp;&nbsp;

## Matsayi mai wuya

An buga ƙididdigar ƙwarewa daban-daban. A cikin Amurka (Amurka), wanda aka fi amfani dashi shine tsarin Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka (USDA) na yankuna masu ƙarfi bisa ga matsakaicin yanayin zafi na shekara-shekara. An haɓaka wannan tsarin musamman don yanayin da ya bambanta sosai a Amurka, daga yin burodi zuwa tundra mai daskarewa. Wani tsarin da aka saba amfani dashi shine tsarin Yanayin Yanayi na Sunset. Wannan tsarin ya fi takamaiman yanayi (watau hazo, zafin jiki, da zafi) kuma bai dogara da mafi ƙarancin shekara-shekara ba.

Sabanin haka, Ƙasar Ingila (UK) da Yammacin Turai suna da yanayin teku, kuma suna fuskantar ƙananan yanayin zafi wanda ke da kyau ta hanyar kasancewar Gulf Stream. Wannan yana haifar da yankuna kamar yammacin Scotland da ke fuskantar yanayin hunturu mai sauƙi da lokacin sanyi wanda ke ba da damar girma ga wasu tsire-tsire masu zafi, duk da kasancewa da kyau a arewacin yankunan yanayi masu zafi. Royal Horticultural Society ta buga saiti na ƙididdigar ƙarfin da ta dace da Burtaniya. Rahotanni sun kasance daga H1a zuwa H7. H1a, sama da  ° C (59 ° F), ya shafi tsire-tsire na wurare masu zafi har abada a ƙarƙashin gilashi a cikin zafi; yayin da H7, ƙasa da -20 ° C (-4 ° F), ta shafi tsire'o'i masu jure sanyi kamar heathers. Yawancin tsire-tsire na waje a Burtaniya sun fada cikin kewayon H4, -10 zuwa -5 ° C (14 zuwa 23 ° F) (mai jimrewa a cikin matsakaicin hunturu) zuwa H5, -15 zuwa -10 ° C (5 zuwa 14 ° F)  Har ila yau, matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin jiki a Burtaniya ya fi zafi fiye da matsakaicin mafi ƙanƙanta a yawancin arewacin Amurka, yayin da matsakaitan matsakaicin a arewacin Amurka galibi sun fi zafi a lokacin rani fiye da Burtaniya.

## Manazarta