Joyce Brothers

**Joyce Diane Bauer Brothers** (an haife ta ne a watan Oktoba 20, 1927 - Mayu 13, 2013) masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam ne na Amurka, mai ba da shawara, kuma marubuci.

A shekara ta 1955, ta lashe lambar yabo ta farko a wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka The $ 64,000 Question .  Shahararta daga wasan kwaikwayon ya ba ta damar ci gaba da karbar bakuncin ginshiƙan shawarwari daban-daban da shirye-shiryen talabijin, wanda ya kafa ta a matsayin majagaba a fagen "mashahuriyar ilimin halayyar mutum".

Sau da yawa ana yaba wa 'yan uwa a matsayin na farko da ya daidaita ra'ayoyin ilimin halayyar dan adam ga al'adun Amurka. An gabatar da ginshiƙanta a cikin jaridu da mujallu, gami da shafi na kowane wata don Good Housekeeping, wanda ta ba da gudummawa kusan shekaru 40. Kamar yadda Brothers da sauri ya zama "fuskar ilimin halayyar dan adam" ga masu sauraron Amurka, ta bayyana a cikin rawar talabijin da yawa, yawanci a matsayin kanta. Daga shekarun 1970 zuwa gaba, ta kuma fara karɓar rawar da ba a sani ba wanda ya yi mata ba'a.  An san ta da aiki a kai a kai na tsawon shekaru hamsin a fadin dandamali daban-daban. Kungiyoyi da yawa sun amince da 'yan uwa saboda jagorancinta mai karfi a matsayin mace a fagen ilimin halayyar dan adam da kuma kokarin kawo karshen zargi game da lafiyar kwakwalwa.

## Dangantaka da iyali
Joyce Brothers an haife ta ne ga lauyoyin Yahudawa Morris K. Bauer da Estelle Rapport, waɗanda suka raba aikin lauya. Ta girma a Far Rockaway, Queens, New York .  Tana da 'yar'uwa mai suna Elaine Goldsmith, wanda take kusa da ita. Joyce ta bayyana cewa, yayin da take girma, mahaifinta ya bi da ita kamar ɗa. Har ma ya yanke shawarar sanya mata suna "Joseph" maimakon Joyce kafin a haife ta. A sakamakon haka, ta girma a cikin yanayin da jinsi ba ya nuna bambanci a cikin tsammanin iyali na babban aikin ilimi. Sakamakon haka, ana bayyana ta sau da yawa a matsayin mutum mai karatu, yana bunƙasa a kan "aiki mai wuya da nasarorin ilimi".

A shekara ta 1949, ta auri Milton Brothers, wanda daga baya ya zama mai ba da horo. A shekara ta 1989, 'yan uwa sun rasa mijinta daga ciwon daji. Bayan rasuwar mijinta, 'yan uwan sun fada cikin halin bakin ciki na shekara guda kuma sun yi la'akari da kashe kansu; duk da haka, ta yi amfani da aikinta don cimma zaman lafiya na ciki da murmurewa. 'Yan uwanta da mijinta suna da 'yar, jikoki huɗu da jikoki biyu.

## Ilimi
'Yan uwan sun kammala karatu daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Far Rockaway a watan Janairun 1944.  Bayan haka, ta shiga Jami'ar Cornell, sau biyu a fannin tattalin arziki da ilimin halayyar dan adam kuma ta kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko na Kimiyya tare da girmamawa a shekarar 1947.  Brothers memba ne na Sigma Delta Tau a lokacin. Daga nan ta halarci Jami'ar Columbia, inda ta sami Master of Arts a 1949 da Ph.D. a cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam a 1953.  Takardar karatun digirin ta tana da taken "Gatake Tsayawa da Halin Tserewa kamar yadda aka auna ta hanyar Ayyuka a Muscle". Yayinda take aiki a kan karatun digiri, ta kasance mataimakiyar bincike a Columbia, malama a Kwalejin Hunter, kuma mai bincike a kan aikin jagorancin UNESCO daga 1949 zuwa 1959.   Ƙungiyar Mata ta Jami'ar Amirka ta ba da kyautar 'yan uwa a 1952, wanda ya ba ta damar kammala digiri na digiri. 

## Ayyuka

### Talabijin da rediyo

#### ''Tambaya ta $ 64,000'' (1955)
Farkon fitowar 'yan uwan a talabijin yana da shekaru 28. A wannan lokacin, mijinta yana samun $ 50 a wata a matsayin likita a asibitin Mount Sinai da ke New York, wanda bai isa ya tallafa musu da 'yarsu mai shekaru uku ba. Don tserewa daga abin da Brothers suka kira "yanayin da ya dace" na tafiyarta a Birnin New York, an tura ta shiga a matsayin mai hamayya a wasan kwaikwayon *Tambayar $ 64,000* .  Nunin da ke saman yana da mafi girman jackpot na duk wasan kwaikwayo a lokacin.

Don zama mai hamayya, Brothers dole ne su rubuta wasika da ke kwatanta kanta da abubuwan sha'awa, suna bayanin dalilin da ya sa za ta zama babban mai hamayya.  A ƙarshe, wasikar ta sa ta yi hira da Mert Koplin, mai gabatar da wasan kwaikwayon. Duk da yake a cikin wasikar ta ta tattauna cancanta a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam da tattalin arzikin gida, ba a ba ta izinin amfani da kwarewarta don wasan kwaikwayon ba, saboda *Tambayar $ 64,000* ba ta ba da damar masu halarta su yi tambayoyi kan batutuwan ƙwarewarsu ko sana'arsu ba. Saboda haka, 'yan uwa dole ne su zo da sabon yanki don a yi mata tambayoyi don wasan kwaikwayon.

Tare da matsayin jinsi na lokacin a zuciya, Koplin ya yi tunanin zai iya zana mafi yawan masu kallo ta hanyar juxtaposing da aka ɗauka na Brothers a matsayin mace tare da ra'ayin cewa ta san abubuwa da yawa game da filin namiji. An yaba masa da cewa ya kamata a ba 'yan'uwa wani batu a kan "wani abu da  bai kamata ta sani ba... [wani abu kamar] idan kwallon kafa ne ko kuma idan tseren doki ne ko dambe...." [she]

Mijin 'yan uwa ya kasance babban mai sha'awar dambe, don haka ta zaɓi hakan a matsayin taken ta. Don shirya, ta yi nazarin kundin ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙwallon ƙwallonƙwalwa ashirin da kuma shekaru da yawa na batutuwan Ring Magazine kuma ta yi aiki tare da marubucin ƙwallon kwando Nat Fleischer  da tsohon zakaran wasan ƙwallon Olympic da Kwamishinan Wasanni na Jihar New York Edward P.F Eagan .  Bayan karatu, ta ci gaba a cikin wasan kwaikwayon na makonni da yawa. Duk da kokarin da masu gabatar da wasan kwaikwayon suka yi na toshe ta a alamar $ 16,000 ta hanyar yin tambayoyi da suka shafi masu yanke hukunci maimakon 'yan dambe da kansu, ta wuce tsammanin kuma ta lashe kyautar mafi girma.

'Yan uwan sun yi amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar hoto kuma sun mai da hankali kan koyon duk abin da za ta iya kuma da sauri suka zama gwani a fannin dambe. Nasararta a kan *Tambayar $ 64,000* ta ba Brothers damar zama mai sharhi mai launi ga CBS a lokacin wasan dambe tsakanin Carmen Basilio da Sugar Ray Robinson . An ce ita ce mace ta farko da ta yi sharhi game da dambe.

Shekaru biyu bayan haka, 'yan uwan sun bayyana a jerin shirye-shiryen The $ 64,000 Challenge, wanda ya kawo masu cin nasara na *Tambayar $ 64,000*  kuma ya daidaita su da masana a fagen. Har ila yau, 'yan uwa sun lashe kyautar mafi girma a kan wasu masu fafatawa bakwai.  (Haɗin $ 128,000 a cikin nasarar ya yi daidai da $ 1,426,096.42 a cikin 2024.) 

Duk da yake *Tambayar $ 64,000* da *Ƙalubalen $ 64,000* daga baya sun fito da cin hanci da rashawa na wasu masu hamayya kawai suna nuna cewa su ne novices ga batun su, Brothers yana ɗaya daga cikin masu hamayya waɗanda aka wanke su daga zargin zamba.

#### ''Wasanni na Wasanni'' (1956)
Bayan nasarar wasan kwaikwayon, 'yan uwan sun dauki bakuncin wasan kwaikwayo na wasanni tare da ɗan jarida Max Kase . Wannan rawar ta sanya ta daya daga cikin mata masu sharhi game da wasanni.

#### Nunin rana na gida a kan NBC ta WRCA-TV
An ba da sha'awar 'yan uwa na amfani da dandamali don yin ilimin halayyar mutum ta hanyar karanta wasiƙu daga mutanen da suka gabatar da su ga rediyo. An ba da wannan damar a cikin makonni huɗu a NBC's WRCA-TV (yanzu WNBC) a Birnin New York.

#### Bayyanawa a cikin shirye-shiryen tattaunawa
'Yan uwan sun bayyana a cikin The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson a matsayin hanyar da jama'a za su san ta fiye da kawai ta hanyar ginshiƙan shawarwari. Tare da bayyanar sama da 90 a cikin wasan kwaikwayon, ta ba da cikakkun sabuntawa na tunanin mutum game da asusun yanayin zamantakewa na yanzu na wannan lokacin. Ta kuma bayyana a shirye-shiryen talabijin na rana kamar *Good Morning America*, Today, Entertainment Tonight, da *CNN* da kuma shirye-shirye na talabijin da suka gabata tare da Merv Griffin, Mike Douglas, da Conan O"Brien da kuma The Steve Allen Show, Body Language, da The Dick Cavett Show . 

#### Rayuwa da sauƙi tare da Dokta Joyce Brothers (1973)
A kokarin tallatawa da inganta sabon fiber din su Trevira polyester, kamfanin sinadarai na Jamus Hoechst ya ba Joyce Brothers nata nune-nunen. Duk da yake Brothers suna da damar karɓar bakuncin nata wasan kwaikwayon kuma suna ba da damar jama'a su koyi game da ita, aikin wasan kwaikwayon na ƙarshe shine inganta Trevira da sabbin kayan kamfanin. Wannan burin ya kasance a bayyane a kusan kowane bangare na wasan kwaikwayon, daga tattaunawar Brothers a kan batun kayan ado zuwa samar da saiti, wanda aka yi wa ado gaba ɗaya a cikin masana'antar Trevira.

Da farko wasan kwaikwayon ya kasance a cikin Gundumar gidan wasan kwaikwayo ta Broadway a New York kuma ya koma Studio 6B a 30 Rockefeller Plaza a lokacin shekara ta biyu. &nbsp;Mai taken Living Easy tare da Dr. Joyce Brothers, wasan kwaikwayon ya kunshi tambayoyin baƙi, wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa, yadda za a nuna, da kuma wani sashi na mako-mako da aka sadaukar da shi ga ilimin halayyar dan adam. An samar da abubuwa ɗari biyu, ana watsa su a tashoshin 150 a lokacin shekaru uku. Nunin ya fuskanci zargi daga masu ruwa da tsaki, kuma jama'a sun yi imanin cewa babu isasshen mayar da hankali kan ilimin halayyar dan adam kuma cewa 'yan uwan sun kasa haɗa ƙwarewar halayyarta.

#### ''Dokta Joyce Brothers Show'' (1985)

Shekaru goma bayan Living Easy tare da Dr. Joyce Brothers, Brothers sun fara sabon wasan kwaikwayo. Ya kunshi 16 na awa daya a kowane mako a kan Disney Channel.  Wannan bayyanar ita ce ta farko a talabijin na USB. Jigogi da ke kewaye da wasan kwaikwayon sun kasance na iyali, tare da kowane wasan kwaikwayon wanda ya kunshi ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, tauraron baƙo na musamman, da kuma kiran masu kallo don ba da shawara daga ra'ayi na tunani da ilimi.

By August 1985, Brothers was given her own television show on a New York station about relationships during which she answered questions from the audience. Sponsors were nervous about whether a television psychologist could succeed, she recalled, but viewers expressed their gratitude for her show, telling her she was giving them the information they could not get elsewhere.

'Yan uwa sun rufe batutuwa daban-daban, gami da hangen nesa ga kwallon kafa na Amurka, ilimin halayyar kwallon kafa, sauya tufafin mata, cutar kanjamau da cutar kanjamauyyar cuta, da kuma hauhawar harbe-harbe a makaranta. Ainihin, 'yan'uwa sun kawo ilimin halayyar dan adam ga manyan kafofin watsa labarai.

#### Bayyanar Cameo
'Yan uwan sun bayyana a matsayin Lillian McGraw a cikin Fim na 18 na jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Ellery Queen (NBC OAD: Fabrairu 29, 1976).'Yan uwan sun fito ne a matsayin kanta a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na' yan sanda! da fim dinta na farko mai suna The Naked Gun, inda ta taka leda a matsayin mai ba da labari. Ta bayyana a takaice a matsayin kanta a cikin jerin mafarki a cikin King of Comedy . Ta sake dawowa a matsayin kanta a cikin Madame's Place, tana tuntuɓar halin taken game da ƙwayoyinta. Dokta 'yan uwa sun bayyana a matsayin kanta a kakar wasa ta 3 episode 6 na Mama's Family a cikin shirin da ake kira "Mama da Dr. Brothers". Ta bayyana a matsayin kanta a kakar wasa ta 4 episode 21 na shahararren sitcom *Takis*  kuma a duka kakar wasa ta 3 da kakar wasa ta 5 na sitcom The Nanny . Ta kuma bayyana wani nau'i mai rai na kanta a cikin shirin "Last Exit to Springfield" a cikin kakar wasa ta 4 na The *[[The Simpsons|Simpsons]]* da kuma kakar wasa ta 1 na Frasier da ke nuna "nut". Sauran bayyanar sun haɗa da wani labari na biyu na Entourage,  a cikin Married ... *Ya yi aure ... tare da yara* a matsayin alƙali, kuma a matsayin mai tsara jeans mogul Vicky Von Vickey a kakar wasa ta 3, kashi na 5 na *WKRP a Cincinnati*. Ta kuma bayyana a matsayin likitan cututtukan aikata laifuka a fim din National Lampoon's: Loaded Weapon . Kuma a cikin *Style &amp;amp; Substance*, ta bayyana a matsayin kanta, baƙon dindindin na dindindin a kan tashi daga Politically Incorrect . Ta bayyana a cikin "The Love Boat" S2 E18 a matsayin Mrs. Magwich, wanda aka watsa 2/9/1979.Ta bayyana a matsayin kanta a kan "Frasier" S1 E9 Selling Out da aka fara watsawa 11/9/93.

### Jarida da littattafai
'Yan uwa suna da shafi na kowane wata a cikin Good Housekeeping kusan kusan shekaru arba'in da kuma shafi na jarida wanda ta fara rubutawa a cikin 1970s, wanda a lokacin da yake da tsawo an buga shi a cikin jaridu sama da 300. Ta kuma wallafa littattafai da yawa, ciki har da littafin 1981 What Every Woman Should Know About Men da littafin 1991 Widowed, wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare ta da rasuwar mijinta. An yi amfani da shawararta a matsayin tushen wasu tambayoyi game da 1998-2004 na Hollywood Squares .*Filin Hollywood.*

'Yan uwan sun gudanar da inganta kansu kuma sun kasance masu ƙwarewa wajen kewaya masana'antar kafofin watsa labarai ta maza. Baya ga kasancewarta a talabijin da rediyo, Brothers sun rubuta littattafan da suka fi sayarwa; waɗannan littattafan sun haɗa da shawara kan yadda za a sami nasarar aure da aiki.

### Tattaunawar jama'a
An kalli ta a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan rikicin jama'a yayin da aka tambaye ta ta yi sharhi kan batutuwa kamar Mutuwar Gimbiya Diana da fashewar jirgin saman sararin samaniya na Challenger . 

Joyce Brothers ta yi magana game da luwadi a cikin 1972 a cikin shafi na jarida.   [yadda?] Bayan harbi a makarantar Columbine a shekarar 1999, ta kasance mai ci gaba a kan CNN don dokokin kula da bindiga.

Abubuwan da ba za a iya mantawa da su ba na shawararta sun haɗa da lokacin da ta taimaka wa wani mutum a cikin iska wanda ya kira yana tunanin kashe kansa sakamakon makanta a daya ido kuma kusan makanta a ɗayan. Kokarinta ya haɗa da kiyaye shi a cikin iska na minti 30 - tsawon lokaci don National Save-A-Life ya tuntube shi. Wani, irin wannan labarin ya fito ne a shekarar 1971 lokacin da wata mace ta kira kuma ta yi barazanar shan magungunan barci. Kamar yadda wannan yanayi ne mai ban sha'awa, an bar wasan kwaikwayon yana gudana har tsawon sa'o'i uku ba tare da katsewa ba, don haka Brothers ya sami lambar waya daga matar don samun motar asibiti.

### Rikici game da "pop psychology" na 'yan uwa
Yayin da shahararta ta girma akwai karuwar rashin amincewa tsakanin masu ilimin halayyar dan adam da likitocin kwakwalwa. Sun yi tambaya game da ingancin da'awar tunanin ta da kuma ikonta wajen bayar da shawara ta tunanin mutum. Yawancin masu ilimin halayyar dan adam sun fara gaskata shawarar da ta ba masu sauraron ta ba ta da kyau saboda ba ta da wani digiri na asibiti kuma tana ba da shawara ga baƙi, ba ga marasa lafiya da take da alaƙa da su ba. Stevens da Gardener, marubutan Women of Psychology, sun bayyana cewa "masu ilimin halayyar al'ada suna murmushi a hankali lokacin da aka ambaci sunanta kuma galibi suna gunaguni cewa a zahiri tana yin lalacewa fiye da nagarta."  Akwai yunkurin da yawa daga membobin American Psychological Association suka yi don soke membobin Brothers; sun ki amincewa da hanyar da aka ba da shawarar Brothers.  Kodayake ba a taɓa soke membobinta ba, ayyukan ƙwararrun 'yan uwa na jama'a sun haifar da rikici a cikin al'umma.

Duk da zargi, a ƙarshen ɗaya daga cikin bayyanarta ta talabijin a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1958, Roger Turtle da Joyce Brothers sun tattauna dabaru a bayan tsarin bayyanarta ta TV. Akwai sa'o'i 15 da aka yi a shirye-shiryen kowane wasan kwaikwayon, tare da shawarwari tare da wasu masu sana'a da kuma rushewar babban fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam da za a fahimta dangane da harshe na yau da kullun. Duk wannan yana faruwa a bayan al'amuran, a lokacin ainihin nunawa akwai nassoshi da yawa ga binciken kimiyya da kuma bayyane maganganun cewa ilimin halayyar mutum sabis ne, ba kawai tushen nishaɗi ba. Wadannan shirye-shiryen sun samar da dandamali don "ƙwarewa da kuma lalata ilimin halayyar mutum". An yi watsi da lafiyar kwakwalwa kuma ba kamar yadda aka rufe shi a cikin kafofin watsa labarai ba, amma 'yan'uwa sun yi ƙoƙari su ba da gudummawa sosai don ba wa mutane hangen nesa daban. Nunin ta ya ba da damar jama'a su kalli masu ilimin halayyar dan adam a matsayin mutane na ainihi.

### Daraja da kyaututtuka
An san 'yan uwa tare da girmamawa da kyaututtuka masu zuwa: Kyautar Mata na Nasarar, Tarayyar Mata Yahudawa (1964); Kwararren Mata na Shekara, Kasuwanci da Kwararren Kungiyar Mata (1968); Kyautar Gidauniyar cutar Parkinson .  An ba ta digiri na girmamawa, L.H.D., daga Kwalejin Franklin Pierce a shekarar 1969. 

## Mutuwa
'Yan uwan ta sun mutu a ranar 13 ga Mayu, 2013, a gidanta a Fort Lee, New Jersey . Lisa Brothers Arbisser, 'yarta, ta ce matsalar numfashi ita ce dalilin.

## Manazarta