open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Leons Briedis

**Leons Briedis** An haifeshi a watan Disamba 16 shekara ta (1949). Sannan ya rasu a 1 ga watan &#x2013;Fabrairu  (2020) ɗan ƙasar Latvi mawaƙine, Kuma mawallafi, da wallafe-wallafen sukar lamiri da kuma marubuci.

A cikin shekarar (1974), Briedis ya zama memba na Ƙungiyar Marubutan Latvia (sau da yawa kuma memba ne na Hukumar), kuma daga shekarar (1987) ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar marubuta ta duniya (mawaƙa, marubuta, masu faɗakarwa) - PEN Club . Daga shekarar (1993) zuwa ta (1997) ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban Ƙungiyar Latvia ta PEN .

Ya kuma yi aiki a mafi yawan bugu da yawa na al'adu kuma shi ne Shugaban shayari na jaridar "Literatūra un Māksla" (1986-1987), Babban Edita ne na mujallar al'adu "Jaunās Grāmatas", mujallar al'adu "Grāmata" (1990-1992) ) da kuma Babban Editan "Vārds", mujallar Unionungiyar Marubutan Latvia (1993).

Briedis ya mutu a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 2020 a Riga yana da shekara 70. 

## Manazarta
Grain Chebba

**Chebba** ( **La Chebba**, **Ash Shabbah**, **aš-Šābbah**, **Sheba** ) karamin gari ne a Mahdia Governorate a Kasar Tunisia a Arewacin Afirka a bakin Tekun Bahar Rum . 

## Tarihi

Garin Chebba ya sami sunan ne daga cikin kan  zuwa gabas, wanda aka classically da aka sani da Caput Vada *(headland sama da Shoals).*   

Janar din Bizantine Belisarius ya sauka a nan cikin shekara ta 533 kuma ya ci gaba da haifar da mummunan rauni a kan Vandals .  Justiniyan ne ya kafa garin Chebba a shekara ta shekara ta 534 CE bayan kayar da andan Vandals,  kuma aka sanya masa suna **Justinianopolis** . 

A headland (Caput Vada) yanzu da aka sani da Ras Kaboudia , kuma shi ne site na kango na *bordj* (harbor sansanin soja) na Bordj Khadidja, wanda aka gina a kan Byzantine tushe.  A sansanin soja tsaron harbor ƙofar kuma ya kasance daya daga sarkar na kama mata kagarai gina ta Abbasids tare da bakin tekun na Arewacin Afrika a cikin 8th karni. Daga baya aka sake masa suna zuwa Khadija Ben Kalthoum, mawaƙi na karni na sha ɗaya, wanda aka haifa a garin Chebba. 

## Bayanan kula

## Hanyoyin haɗin waje

* "Taswirar Chebba - Hotunan Tauraron Dan Adam na Chebba" Maplandia World Gazetteer
*
Hassan Alaa Eddin

**Hassan Alaa Eddin**, wanda aka fi sani da **Chouchou** ko **Shoushou** ( Larabci : **شوشو** (26 ga watan Fabrairu 1939 &#x2013; 2 ga watan Janairun 1975), wanda ya kasance ɗan wasan Labanon / mawaƙi / mawaƙi.

Haihuwar Joun, ya kafa gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa, kuma ya yi rubuce-rubuce da wasa a fina-finan TV da yawa. Ya kuma tsara kuma ya rera waƙoƙin yara kuma ya rubuta irin wasannin kwaikwayo kamar *Alef B Boubeye*, *Shehadin Ya Baladna* da *Nana il Hilwe* .  

## Mutuwa
Hassan Alaa Eddin ya mutu, yana da shekara 35, sakamakon cutar zuciya

## Manazarta
Ali ibn Yusuf

An haifi **Ali ibn Yusef** a Alif na dubu daya da dari takwas da hudu 1084 a Ceuta. Shi dan Yusuf bn Tashfin ne, ya kasan ce kuma shi ne sarki na hudu na Almoravid, kuma kuyangar Kirista. A lokacin da mahaifinsa ya mutu, a cikin Satumba 1106, yana da shekara ta 23. Ya gaji mahaifinsa ne a ranar 2 ga watan Satumba 1106.  Ali ya yi mulki daga Maroko ya nada dan uwansa Tamim ibn Yusuf [ ar ] a matsayin gwamnan Al-Andalus. Ali ya faɗaɗa yankuna a cikin yankin Iberian ta hanyar kame Zaragoza a cikin 1110 amma daga ƙarshe ya sake sake shi ga Alfonso I, Sarkin Aragon, a cikin 1118. Cordoba ya yi tawaye ga Almoravids a cikin 1121.

### Abubuwan tallafi

Ya ba da izini ga *minbar da a* yanzu ake kira Minbar na Masallacin Kutubiyya daga wani taron bita a Córdoba don samar da babban masallacinsa, asalin Masallacin Ben Youssef (wanda aka rusa a ƙarƙashin Almohads ), a cikin babban birnin masarautar, Marrakesh.  Almoravid Qubba shima yana dauke da sunan Ali. 

Bisa ga shawarar Abu Walid Ibn Rushd (kakan Averroes ), Ali ya gina ganuwa kewaye da Marrakesh yayin da Ibn Tumart ya zama mai tasiri.  Akwai katangun da aka zagaye masallacin da fadar, amma Ali bin Yūsuf ya kashe dinari dubu 70 na zinariya a kan garun birnin, ya ninka girman garin, sannan ya gaya wa amiran Al-Andalus su ma su katanga bango. 

Ya kasan ce kuma kafa tsarin ban ruwa a Marrakesh, aikin da Obeyd Allah ibn Younous al-Muhandes ke gudanarwa.  Wannan tsarin ban ruwa yayi amfani da  (  , shafi na.  ).  Ali kuma yana da gada ta farko akan Tensift River. 

A cikin 1139, ya sha kashi a yakin Ourique da sojojin Fotigal karkashin jagorancin count din Afonso Henriques, wanda ya ba Afonso damar shelanta kansa Sarki mai cin gashin kansa.

Ali ya gaje shi dansa Tashfin bn Ali a shekara ta 1143. 

## Tekun Sargasso

A cewar masanin zane-zanen Musulmin nan Muhammad al-Idrisi, *Mugharrarin* (wanda aka fassara a matsayin "masu kasada") wanda Ali bin Yusuf ya aika, karkashin jagorancin babban hadiminsa Ahmad ibn Umar, wanda aka fi sani da sunan Raqsh al-Auzz ya isa wani bangare na tekun da tsiron ruwan teku ya rufe, wanda wasu suka kira shi Tekun Sargasso,  wanda ya ratsa cikin Tekun Atlantika daga Bermuda.

## Iyali
Ali dan Yusuf bn Tashfin ne . Yana da akalla 'ya'ya maza biyu: 

* Tashfin ibn Ali, gwamnan Granada da Almeria a 1129 da Cordoba a 1131.  Ya yi nasara da mahaifinsa a 1143.
* Ishaq bn Ali . Ya mutu a 1147.

## Manazarta
Ahmad Ismail Ali

**Ahmad Ismail Ali** (    ) (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga watan Oktoba, shekarar ta alif 1917 - zuwa ranar 26 ga watan Disamba, shekarar ta alif 1974), ya kasance Babban-Kwamandan Askarawan Masar da kuma Ministan Yaki a lokacin Yakin watan Oktoba, na shekara ta alif 1973, kuma an fi saninsa da shirin kai harin a fadin Suez Canal, code-mai suna Operation Badr. Mahaifiyar Ali ta kasance 'yar asalin Albaniya.

## Aikin soja

* Ya sauke karatu daga Kwalejin Soja ta Misira a shekara ta alif 1938.
* An ba da izini a cikin rundunar soja.
* Ya yi aiki tare da Allies a cikin Hamada ta Yamma yayin Yaƙin Duniya na biyu.
* Ya yi yaƙi a matsayin kwamandan bataliyar sojoji a cikin Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra'ila na shekara ta alif 1948 .
* Daga baya ya sami horo a Kingdomasar Ingila.
* Yaƙi da sojojin Faransa-Burtaniya-Isra’ila da suka mamaye Misira a cikin Zafin Tattalin Arziki (rikicin Suez ) na shekara ta alif 1956, kuma ya cigaba da ƙarin horo a Tarayyar Soviet.
* Ya yi aiki a matsayin kwamandan rundunar a lokacin yakin kwana shida na shekarar alif 1967. na 1967
* Shugaba, Hukumar Kula da Ayyuka
* An nada shi Babban hafsan hafsoshi a watan Maris, din shekara ta alif 1969, amma Shugaba Gamal Abdel Nasser ya kore shi a watan Satumba shekara ta alif 1969, biyo bayan nasarorin da Isra’ila ta samu a lokacin yakin Kura-Kura. Magajin Nasser a matsayin Shugaba, Anwar Al-Sadat, duk da haka, kuma ya nada shi babban hafsan leken asiri a cikin watan Satumban, shekara ta alif 1970.
* Daga shekarar alif 1971,  zuwa shekarar alif 1972, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Babban Jami'in Leken Asiri na Masar.

A watan Oktoba, shekara alif 1972, Ali ya raka Firayim Minista Aziz Sidqi a ziyarar da ya kai Moscow, kuma, bayan dawowarsa, ya dakile yunkurin juyin mulki ga Shugaba Sadat. A wannan watan, ya maye gurbin Mohammed Ahmed Sadek mai adawa da Soviet a matsayin Ministan Tsaro, kuma aka ba shi cikakken janar. Kwarewarsa a matsayin mai dabaru, da nasarorin da ya samu wajen farfado da kwarin gwiwar sojojin na Masar sun bayyana a Yakin watan Oktoba, na shekara ta alif 1973. Bayan yakin, an mai da shi Fil Marshal a watan Nuwamba, shekara ta alif 1973.

## Mutuwa
Ali ya mutu a cikin watan Disamba, na shekara ta alif 1974,  daga cutar kansa mai saurin gaske a Landan, yana da shekara 57 kawai. 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗin waje

* Defencejournal.com Labari
* Britannica.com Mataki na ashirin da
Jawad Ali

**Jawad Ali** (1907–1987), ya kasan ce kuma  masanin tarihi ne dan kasar Iraki kuma masani ne kan tarihin Musulunci da na larabci. Ya karɓi digirin digirgir a jami'ar Hamburg a 1939 kuma an san shi da littafinsa, *Tarihin Larabawa kafin Musulunci* wanda ya zama ɗayan ayyukan tarihi da aka ambata a tarihin Larabawa kafin Musulunci .  Jawad Ali yayi aiki a Sashen Tarihi a Kwalejin Ilimi a Jami'ar Baghdad farawa a cikin 1950s.

## Manazarta
Tariq Al-Ali

**Tariq Al-Ali** (    ) (An haife shi ne a ranar 18 ga watan Janairu 1966), ya kasan ce ɗan Kuwaiti ne mai barkwanci kuma mai ba da rawa. 

## Tarihin rayuwa
Al-Ali ya rasa mahaifinsa kafin haihuwarsa.  Ya fara wasan kwaikwayo a shekarar 1983 kuma ya halarci wasannin kwaikwayo da yawa, fina-finai da jerin TV.

Yayi aure, kuma yana da yara hudu.   

## Manazarta
Mohammed Alrotayyan

**Mohammed Alrotayyan,** ( Larabci : محمد الرطيان ), ya kasan ce kuma ɗan jaridar Saudiyya ne kuma marubucin littattafai. A shekarar 1992, ya fara buga labarai a jaridun Saudiyya da kuma jaridun Gabas ta Tsakiya. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin 'yar jarida ga *Fawasil* da *Qutoof* mujallu, ya kuma rubuce-rubucen da aka buga a da dama wallafe. Gabaɗaya, ana ɗaukar sa ɗan jarida na jama'a ba tare da wata alaƙa da kowane ɓangaren siyasa ba.

## Ayyuka
Alrotayyan ya buga labaran jarida, gajerun labarai da wakoki a jaridu da yawa. A yanzu haka, yana wallafa labaran yau da kullun na jaridar  Saudiyya.

Alrotayyan ya kasance wakilin Saudi Arabiya a Bikin Gabas ta Tsakiya na Takwas don Wakoki da Almara. An lissafa sunansa a matsayin marubuci mafi kyawun mawaki a binciken da mujallar Kuwaiti *Al-Mokhtalif* ta gudanar. Hakazalika, ya bayyana a cikin *Forbes* a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Larabawa 100 da suka fi tasiri. A cikin jadawalin shekarar 2018 na Shugabannin Tunani a duniyar Larabawa, Alrotayyan shine kan gaba a jerin, wanda ya hada da adadi 112.  

Gajeren labarinsa *Halil* (Larabci: هليل) ya cinye shi a matsayi na daya a gasar gajerun labarai. Baya ga wannan, littafinsa mai suna ' *Me ya rage na Takarduran Mohammad al-Touban* (larabci: ما تبقى من أوراق محمد الطوبان) ya ci kyautar Novel ta Shekara a 2010. 

## Ayyuka
**Littattafai**

* *Littafin!* (asalin taken: Kitab!), 2008

* *Gwaji na Uku* (asalin taken: Al-Mohawalah Al-Thalitha), 2011
* *Dokoki* (taken asali: Wasayah), 2012
* *Waƙoƙin Bikin Tsuntsaye* (taken asali: Aghani Al-Ousfor Al-Azraq), 2014
* *Roznama*, 2017
* *Dao-daa*, da za a buga

**Littattafai**

* *Me ya rage daga Takardun Mohammad Al-Touban* (taken asali: Ma Tabaka min Awrak Mohammad Al-Touban), 2009

**Waka**

An gayyaci Alrotayyan ya karanta baitukan sa a cikin bukukuwa da yawa, gami da:

* Bikin Al-Janadriyah na Kasa
* Al-Qareen
* Al-Babteen

* Hala Fabrairu
* Bikin Saud bin-Bandr I
* Jeddah 2000

## Manazarta
Samia Amin

**Samia Amin** (24 ga watan Maris 1945 - 2 August 2020) (Larabci: سامية أمين) kuma ta kasan ce 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce' yar kasar Masar. 

## Ayyuka

Amin ta fara aikin ta a shekarar 1967, kuma ta taka rawar gani kamar mace Sa'idi da manomi. A lokacin aikinta, ta halarci fiye da 30 gidan wasan kwaikwayo da ayyukan TV. Sonanta ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Masar Ahmed Eldemerdash. 

## Mutuwa
Amin ya mutu a ranar 2 ga watan Agusta 2020, yana da shekaru 75. 

## Manazarta
Alejo Carpentier

**Alejo Carpentier y Valmont** (an haifeshi a ranar 26 ga watan Disamba, 1904 kuma ya mutu a ranar  24 ga watan Afrilun 1980) marubucin Kuba ne, marubuci, kuma mawaƙin kida . Ya yi tasiri sosai ga adabin Latin Amurka a lokacin sanannen zamaninsa. Haifaffen garin Lausanne, Switzerland, Carpentier ya girma ne a Havana, Cuba da Paris . Carpentier koyaushe yana cewa shi ɗan Cuba ne. Ya yi tafiye-tafiye da yawa, galibi a Faransa, da Mexico . Ya kasance tare da ƙungiyoyin neman sauyi, irin su Fidel Castro na 'Yan kwaminisanci a Cuba a tsakiyar ƙarni. An ɗaure Carpentier kuma an yi masa bauta saboda falsafar siyasarsa ta hagu.

Carpentier ya yi karatu kuma ya fahimci waƙa. Ya rubuta littafi *La música en Cuba* a cikin kiɗan Cuba. Ya sanya jigogin kiɗa da dabarun adabi a cikin rubutun nasa. Carpentier yayi rubuce-rubuce a fannoni da dama, irin su aikin jarida, wasan kwaikwayo na rediyo, wasan kwaikwayo, labaran rubutu na ilimi, opera da libretto, amma an fi saninsa da littattafansa. Ya kasance cikin farkon waɗanda suka yi amfani da gaskiyar sihiri . Ya bincika kyawawan ingancin tarihin Latin Amurka da al'ada.

Salon rubutu na Carpentier yayi amfani da salon Baroque wanda ya sake zama sananne. An kira shi *Sabuwar Duniya Baroque* . Salo ne da masu fasahar Latin Amurka suka ɗauka daga samfurin Turai. Carpentier ya kawo ka'idar Surrealist zuwa adabin Latin Amurka. Carpentier yana da ɓangarorin tarihin Siyasar Latin Amurka, kiɗa, rashin adalci na zamantakewa da fasaha a cikin rubuce-rubucensa. Rubuce-rubucensa sun rinjayi marubutan Latin Amurka da Cuba kamar Lisandro Otero, Leonardo Padura da Fernando Velázquez Medina.

Carpentier ya mutu sakamakon cutar kansa a cikin Paris a 1980. An binne shi a Maƙabartar Havana.

## Manyan ayyuka
Manyan ayyukan Carpentier sun haɗa da:

* *Ceto-yamba-o!* (1933)
* *La música en Cuba* (1946) ( *Kiɗan Kuba* ), nazarin ƙabilar-kida na Cuba wanda ya faro daga ƙarni na sha shida, zuwan masu binciken Turai, har zuwa yau da aka buga shi, tsakiyar karni na ashirin.
* *El reino de este mundo* (1949) ( *Masarautar wannan Duniya* )
* *Los pasos perdidos* (1953) ( *Matakan Da Aka Rasa* )
* *El acoso* (1956) ( *Manhunt* )
* *Guerra del tiempo* (1958) ( *Yaƙin Lokaci* )
* *El siglo de las luces* (1962) ( *Fashewa a cikin Babban Katolika* )
* *El Recurso del método* (1974) ( *Dalilin Jiha* )
* *Concierto barroco* (1974) ( *Concierto barroco* ; Turanci: *Baroque Concert* ), dangane da taron 1709 na Vivaldi, Handel da Domenico Scarlatti, tare da bayyanar da Wagner da Stravinsky suka yi, da kuma ƙagaggen labari daga sabuwar duniya waɗanda ke ba wa opera mai wasan Venet, *Motezuma* .
* *La consagración de la primavera* (1978) ( *The Rite of Spring* ; *Le Sacre du Printemps*, rawa ta Igor Stravinsky )
* *El arpa y la sombra* (1978) ( *The Harp and the Shadow* ) suna ma'amala da Columbus .
Abelardo Castillo

**Abelardo Castillo** (27 ga Maris, 1935 - 2 ga Mayu, 2017) marubuci ne, ɗan Ajantina. An haifeshi a garin San Pedro, Buenos Aires . Ya yi wasan dambe a lokacin ƙuruciya. Ya kuma jagoranci mujallar adabi ta *El Escarabajo de Oro* da *El Ornitorrinco* . Ya kasance sananne sosai a fagen adabin Latin Amurka.

A shekarar 2014 ya sami lambar yabo ta Diamond Konex a matsayin mafi kyawun marubuci a shekaru goman da suka gabata a kasar Argentina.

Castillo ya mutu a ranar 2 ga Mayu, 2017 a Buenos Aires daga cutar huhu, yana da shekara 82. 

## Manazarta

## Sauran yanar gizo

*    
* Cikakken bayanan rayuwa, literatura.org
Peride Celal

**Peride Celal Yönsel** (10 ga Yuni, 1916 - 15 ga Yuni, 2013),  wanda aka fi sani da **Peride Celal** ko **Peride Celâl** ɗan Turkiyya ne, Marubuciyar labarai. 

## Farkon rayuwa
An haifi Celal a cikin İstanbul, daular Usmaniyya a ranar 10 ga Yuni, 1916.  Ta kammala karatunta na makarantar sakandare a Samsun da kuma tsarin karatun Faransa a Lycée Saint Pulchérie a İstanbul . Celal ta yi mafi yawan yarintar ta a Anatolia . Tana da 'ya ɗaya, Zeynep Ergun .

Peride Celal ta mutu a ranar 15 ga Yuni, 2013, amma bayan kwana biyu sai dangin ta suka sanar da hakan. 

A shekarar 1977, an karrama ta ne saboda littafinta *Üç Yirmi Dört Saat* tare da lambar girmamawa ta Adabin Sedat Simavi na Turkiyya tare da Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca . *Kyautar Noha ta 1991 Orhan Kemal* Novel an ba Peride Celal don littafinta *Kurtlar* . 

A shekarar 1996, Selim İleri ya wallafa wani littafi mai suna *Present to Peride Celal* (Peride Celal'e Armağan) wanda marubutan Turkawa 19 ne sauka shirya. 

## Manazarta

## Sauran yanar gizo

*
Guido Ceronetti

**Guido Ceronetti** (24 ga Agusta 1927 &#x2013; 13 Satumban shekarar 2018) ya kasance mawaƙin Italiyanci, falsafa, marubucin labari, mai fassara, ɗan jarida da kuma marubucin wasan kwaikwayo. An haife shi a Turin, Italiya .

A shekarar 1970, ya kafa gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ra'ayi . Ayyukansa suna cikin ma'ajiyar laburaren Cantonal Library na Lugano . Ya rubuta ginshiƙai don *La Repubblica*, *La Stampa* da *Radio Radicale* .

Emil Cioran ya sadaukar da kansa ga littafinsa *Il silenzio del corpo* ("The Silence of the Body") wani babi na labarin *Al'adar motsa jiki*  (1986).

Ceronetti ya mutu a Cetona, Italiya a ranar 13 Satumba 2018 daga cutar sanƙarau yana da shekaru 91. 

## Manazarta

## Sauran yanar gizo
  

* *[http://www.radioradicale.it/soggetti/76749/guido-ceronetti Lettere senza buca]*, Ginshikan Mako na Guido Ceronetti
* *[http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/2013/09/18/ma-io-diffido-dellamore-universale.html?ref=search Ma io diffido dell'amore universale]* Biography na Guido Ceronetti ta *la Repubblica*
Pavel Chihaia

**Pavel Chihaia** (ishirin da uku 23 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta alif dubu daya da dari tara da ishirin da biyu 1922 -sha takwas 18 ga watan Yuni shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha’takwas 2019) marubuci ne ɗan Romaniya. An haifeshi a garin Corabia . Littafinsa na farko, *Blocada* ( *The Blockade* ), an buga shi a 1947. An saki wannan littafin kafin mulkin kwaminisanci a Romaniya, kuma yana cikin ƙungiyar masu adawa da kwaminisanci. A cikin 1978, ya bar Romania ya zauna a garin Munich na Jamus.

Chihaia ya mutu a ranar 18 ga Yuni 2019 a Munich, yana da shekara 97.  

## Manazarta
Teresa Colom i Pich

**Colom Teresa i Pich,**(An haife shi 12 ga watan Disamba 1973 a La Seu d'Urgell) Mawaƙiya ce kuma marubuciya ƴar ƙasar Andorran.  Ta lashe kyautar 2000 Miquel Martí i Pol .

Ta kammala karatu a jami'ar Pompeu Fabra .  

## Ayyuka

* *Com mesos de juny*, Edicions del Diari d'Andorra, 2001 
* *La temperatura d'uns llavis*, Edicions del Diari d'Andorra, 2002
* *Elegies del final conegut*, Abadia Editocin, 2005
* *Gabaɗaya*, Editocin Pagès, 2009
* *La meva mare es preguntava per la mort*, Editocin Pagès, 2012 
* *La senyoreta Keaton i altres besties Masarauta* La Huerta Grande, 2015
* *Consciència, Masarautu,* 2019   

## Manazarta

## Sauran yanar gizo

* Teresa Colom, a littafin Wallalista: “Canja wurin lambobin sadarwa a cikin tsari, zai yiwu?” , Bondia, 13/11/2019
Bernard Binlin Dadié

**Bernard Binlin Dadié** (10 Janairu 1916 - 9 Maris shekarar 2019) marubuci ne ɗan Ivory Coast, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, mawaƙi, kuma mai gudanarwa. Ya kasance Ministan Al'adu a gwamnatin Ivory Coast daga 1977 zuwa 1986. An haife shi a Assinie, Ivory Coast. Ya rubuta labarai na tatsuniyoyi game da mulkin mallaka .

An ga ayyukan Dadié a cikin fim ɗin Steven Spielberg *na 1997 Amistad*  inda aka yi amfani da rubutun baitukan waƙar Dadié, "Ku bushe Hawaye, Afrika" ("Sèche Tes Pleurs") don waƙar suna iri ɗaya.

Ya cika shekaru 100 a cikin Janairun 2016  kuma ya mutu a Abidjan a ranar 9 ga Maris 2019 yana da shekara 103. 

Dadié ya sami lambobin yabo da yawa don girmama aikinsa na rubutu, tare da ɗayan na ƙarshe shine *Grand Prix des Mécènes* na GPLA a cikin 2016. 

## Manyan ayyuka

## Manazarta
Osamu Dazai

**Osamu Dazai** (19 ga Yunin 1909 - 13 ga Yunin 1948), marubucin Japan ne. An haifi Dazai **Tsushima Shūji** A Aomori, arewa maso gabashin Japan.  An fi saninsa da litattafansa *The Setting Sun* (1947) da *No Longer Human* (1948).  Dazai ya rubuta litattafai da dama game da ma'anar rayuwa, rashin fata da shaye-shaye bisa rayuwarsa ta ƙashin kansa. Dazai ya kasance marubucin tsakanin ɗaliban kwalejin Japan.

A ranar 13 ga Yuni 1948, ya kashe kansa tare da ƙaunatacciyar mace. An gano gawarsa a ranar 19 ga Yuni, ranar haihuwarsa, a wannan shekarar.

## Manazarta
Rayuwar ƙarƙara

**Rayuwar karkara** dai rayuwa ce ta takaitattun mutane ba kamar wa'inda suke a al'ƙarya ba, rayuwar karkara rayuwa. ce wacce take cike da saukin rayuwa domin bata kai wahalan irin ta al'ƙarya ba, a karkara mutane na gudanar da rayuwar su kusan a tare saboda galibin su yan'uwan juna ne Kuma suna zaune a karami waje.

## Hotuna

File:Village_Life_in_Nigeria.tif|Rayuwar wasu yan kauye a Najeriya 
File:Village_Life_with_animals.jpg|Wani kauye


## Manazarta
Emile Degelin

**Emile Degelin** (16 ga Yuli 1926 - 20 Mayu shekara ta 2017) ya kasance darakta ɗan ƙasar Belgium kuma marubucin littattafai. An san shi da kasancewa darakta na *finafinai*  Fim dinsa na *Life and Death in Flanders na* shekara ta 1963 an shiga shi ne bikin Fim na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Berlin karo na 13.  Fim ɗin sa na 1969 *Palaver* ya shiga cikin bikin Fim na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Moscow karo na 6. Fim dinsa na karshe, *De ooggetuige*, ya lashe kyautar masu sauraro a bikin Fim na Ghent a shekara ta 1995. 

Degelin an haife shi a Diest, Belgium. Ya mutu a ranar 20 ga Mayu shekara ta 2017 a gidansa da ke Kessel-Lo, wata gundumar Leuven, Belgium daga ciwon huhu yana da shekara 90.  

## Manazarta
Neagu Djuvara

**Neagu Djuvara** (Furuci da Romaniya: [ˈNe̯aɡu d͡ʒjuˈvara] ; 18 ga Agusta, 1916 - 25 ga Janairu, 2018) ɗan Romaniya ne masanin tarihi, marubuci, masanin falsafa, ɗan jarida, marubuci kuma masanin diflomasiyya. An haifeshi a Bucharest . Djuvara ya kasance mai ba da gudummawa ga Rediyon Kyauta na Turai .  Tsakanin 1991 da 1998, ya kasance Mataimakin Furofesa a Jami'ar Bucharest . A farkon farkon 1990s, ya kasance sanannen mai sukar ci gaban siyasar Romaniya.

Djuvara ya mutu a Bucharest na ciwon huhu a ranar 25 ga Janairun 2018 yana da shekara 101.   

## Manazarta

## Sauran yanar gizo

*  Page at the Humanitas site
Jörn Donner

**Jörn Johan Donner** (5 Fabrairu 1933 &#x2013; 30 Janairun shekarar2020) ya Finnish marubuci, darekta, jarumi da kuma siyasa . Shi ne wanda ya kafa Taskar Finafinai ta Finlan . An kuma haifi Donner a Helsinki, Finland .

A cikin shekara ta 1979, ya kasance memba na juri a bikin Fim na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na 29 a Berlin.  An fi sanin Donner a matsayin mai shirya fim ɗin Ingmar Bergman *Fanny da Alexander* ( *Fanny och Alexander*, 1982). A shekara ta 1984 fim ɗin ya sami jimillar lambar yabo ta Kwaleji har sau huɗu ciki har da kyautar mafi kyawun fim ɗin yaren waje,  wanda ya sa ya zama ɗan Finn kaɗai ya karɓi Oscar.

Labarinsa *Far och dan* ( *Uba da Sona* ) sun sami lambar yabo ta Finlandia a 1985.

Donner memba ne na SDP da RKP . Ya kuma kasance memba na majalisar Finland da majalisar Turai .

Donner yana da cututtukan prostate da na huhu.  Ya mutu sakamakon cutar huhu a ranar 30 ga Janairun shekarar 2020 a wani asibiti a Helsinki, yana da shekaru 86.  

## Manazarta

## Sauran yanar gizo

*
Renate Dorrestein

**Renate Maria Dorrestein** (25 ga Janairu 1954 - 4 Mayu 2018) marubuciya ce 'yar Dutch,' yar jarida kuma 'yar kare haƙƙin mata . Ta lashe kyautar *Annie Romein* a 1993. Ta fara aikin jarida ne a wata mujalla mai suna *Panorama* . Ta buga littafinta na farko ( *Buitenstaanders* ) a 1983. An haifeta a Amsterdam.

## Mutuwa
Dorrestein ta mutu a ranar 4 ga Mayu 2018 na cutar sankarar hanji a Amsterdam tana da shekara 64. 

## Manazarta
Auren dole

**Auren dole** ko Auren Tilas, dai wata tsohuwar al'ada ce da akan, aurawa budurwa wanda bata so duk da wani lokacin suma mazan akan masu auren dole ta hanyar aura masu matan da basu so, to amman hakan sau, da yawa yafi faruwa ga mata.

## Matsalolin Auren dole
Auren dole dai na haifar da matsaloli da dama a cikin rayuwar ma'aurata inda wani lokacin har akan samu rasa rayuka a tsakanin ma'auratan

## Abinda ke kawo Auren dole
Cikin abubuwan da ke kawo auren dole akwai 
1. Ƙwadayi
2. Talauci
3. San abun duniya
Da dai sauran su

## Hotuna

File:Escaping_child_marriage_(14521096630).jpg|Yara da suka tsere don tsoron yi musu auren Dole
File:Forced_Marriage_Unit_videos_(7555347948).jpg|Jama'a na kallon wani shiri game da Auren Dole


## Manazarta
Umberto Eco

**Umberto Eco** (5 ga Janairu, 1932 - 19 ga Fabrairu, 2016) ne ɗan ƙasar Italiya ne kuma farfesa a tarihin daɗaɗɗen tarihi a Bologna .

An haifi Eco a cikin 1932 a arewacin Italiya . A matsayinsa na ɗalibi, ya karanci ilimin falsafa, tarihi, adabi, da kuma ilimin ilimi . Ya gama karatunsa a shekarar 1954 tare da wani doctoral sabawa rubuce-rubucensu game da Thomas Aquinas . A shekarar 1962, ya yi aure .

Ya aiki a matsayin littafin marubuci ya fara da *sunan Rose* a 1980, bayan da ya riga ya rubuta da yawa ilimi takardunku.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Eco ranar 5 ga Janairu, 1932 a Alessandria . Iyalinsa suna da 'ya'ya maza 13. Ya karanci ilimin falsafa da kuma ilimin halayyar dan Adam a Jami'ar Turin . Ya sami digiri na uku. can

Eco yayi aiki a matsayin farfesa a wurare daban-daban. Farawa daga 1971, ya riƙe kujera na ilimin kimiya a Jami'ar Bologna . A jami'a, "kujera" ita ce matsayi mafi girma da farfesa zai samu. Sannan kuma jami’o’i daban-daban guda talatin sun ba shi digirin girmamawa.

An yi masa suna a matsayin sanata na pataphysics saboda ayyukansa na ban dariya . Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman litattafan sa shine *Yadda ake tafiya tare da Kifin Salmon.*

Ya kasance memba na Majalisar UNESCO ta Sages . A cikin 2000, ya karɓi kyautar Gimbiya ta Asturias don Sadarwa da 'Yan Adam.

Eco yayi aiki a cikin kafofin watsa labarai kuma, yana ƙirƙirar shirye-shiryen al'adu.  Abubuwan sha'awarsa sune Zamani na Tsakiya, yaruka, da kuma tsofaffi. Ya kuma kasance masani kan James Bond .

A ranar 19 ga Fabrairu, 2016, Eco ya mutu a gidansa a Milan, Italiya, sakamakon cutar sankara . Yana da shekara 84. 

## Ayyukan da suka shahara

### Novels

* *Il nome della rosa* ( *Sunan Fure*, 1980) - Littafin tarihin da aka kafa a tsakiyar zamanai. Wannan labari sanya Eco shahara bayan an juya a cikin wani mafi kyau-sayar da movie . 
* *Il pendolo di Foucault* ( *Foucault's Pendulum*, 1988) - Ma'aikata uku a gidan buga takardu suna cikin tarko na almara .
* *L'isola del giorno prima* ( *Tsibirin ranar da ta gabata*, 1994) - Wani basarake daga karni na 17 ya shiga cikin jirgin ruwa kuma yana mamakin yadda lokaci yake wucewa.
* *Baudolino* (2000) - Sarki ya yi kuskure ga wani saurayi balarabe ga ɗansa. Wannan wani labari ne mara dadi (labari wanda babban halayen sa shine mutum mara gaskiya ko kuma mai laifi . Wannan mutumin yana ba da labarin su ne kaɗan).
* *La Misteriosa Fiamma della Regina Loana* ( *Harshen Wutar Sarauniya Loana*, 2004) - Mutumin da ya rasa tunaninsa ya yi ƙoƙari ya dawo da shi. Wannan littafin an saita shi a zamanin samarin Eco.

### Sauran ayyuka

* *Opera Aperta*
* *Mafi qarancin Diary*
* *Kant da Ornithorhynchus*
* *Semiotics da falsafar yare*
* *Kamfanin*
* *Fasaha da Kyawawa a cikin Zamani mai kyau*
* *Iyakar Fassara*
* *Tafiya Guda Shida Ga Dazuzzukan Labari*
* *Lector a cikin fabula*
* *Apocalyptics da Haɗakarwa*
* *Akan Adabi*
* *Neman Cikakken Harshe*
* *Tarihin Kyawawa*
* *Akan Mummuna*

## Manazarta

## Sauran yanar gizo

* Gidauniyar Yariman Asturias, Yariman Asturias na Sadarwa da Bil'adama 2000
'Amran Governorate

**<nowiki/>'Amran** (    *ʽAmrān* ) ya kasan ce ɗaya ne, daga cikin yankunan ƙasar Yemen.

## Gundumomi
An raba Amran zuwa gundumomi 20 masu zuwa. An kara raba wadannan gundumomi zuwa kananan hukumomi, sannan aka kara karkasu zuwa kauyuka:

*Gundumar Al Ashah
*Gundumar Al Madan
*Gundumar Al Qaflah
*Gundumar Amran
*Gundumar As Sawd
*Gundumar As Sudah
*Gundumar Bani Suraim
*Gundumar Dhi Bin
*Gundumar Habur Zulaymah
*Gundumar Harf Sufyan
*Gundumar Huth
*Gundumar Iyal Surayh
*Gundumar Jabal Iyal Yazid
*Gundumar Khamir
*Gundumar Kharif
*Gundumar Maswar
*Gundumar Raydah
*Gundumar Shaharah
*Gundumar Suwayr
*Gundumar Thula

## Manazarta
Andeel

**Andeel** ya kasan ce ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na ƙasar Masar wato Egypt. Ayyukansa sun shiga cikin gaba tun lokacin juyin juya halin Masar a shekarar 2011.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Andeel a Kafr al-Sheikh a shekarar 1986. Andeel yakan ziyarci Alkahira tare da iyayensa duk da basa zama a can. Ya ce yana son Alkahira tun yana karami kuma ya yanke shawarar komawa can tun yana dan shekara goma sha bakwai bayan ya kammala makarantar sakandare. Aikinsa na farko shi ne jaridar *Al Gael.* Bayan shekara guda, ya koma *jaridar Al Dostour* inda ya yi aiki a ƙarƙashin shahararren mai zane-zanen fim Amr Selim. Daga nan ne, Andeel ya koma wani takarda mai zaman kansa, *Al Masry Al Youm*, kuma ya haxa mujallar wasan kwaikwayo na kwata-kwata, *Tok-Tok* . 

Andeel yana son majigin yara tun yana yaro. Mahaifinsa ya nuna masa aikin mai zane-zanen masar din nan Salah Jaheen, wanda ya ce ya yi matukar tasiri a aikin nasa. Yawancin ayyukan da Andeel ya bayyana kafin Jaheen ya kasance baƙon abu ne, don haka ganin aikin Jaheen game da Misira ya kasance abin motsawa ga shiga cikin zane-zanen. Kafin ya zama shahararren mai zane-zane, Andeel ya gwada sa'arsa a rubutun rubuce-rubuce da kuma wasan ban dariya. 

Mafi yawan ayyukan Andeel ya dogara ne da izgili na siyasa. Kawun nasa ya gaya masa cewa kakan mahaifinsa dan fim ne wanda ya yi wani fim mai suna *Dawakai*, wanda ya kai shi bikin nuna finafinai na Berlin. Saboda wariyar launin fata, ba a manta da babbar kyauta ba duk da cewa ya cancanci hakan, kuma a jirgin ruwan da ya koma Masar ya jefa kwafin fim ɗin guda ɗaya a ciki kuma ya yi ritaya daga sinima. Sanin wannan haushi ya tilasta Andeel ya koma Alkahira ya zama ƙwararren mai zane-zane a ƙuruciya, tare da yin gajerun fina-finai (kamar “Waye Ya San?”, Wani fim ɗin psychedelic noir da aka saita a yankin yamma ta yamma), yana rubutun rubutun TV., tsara zane-zane, hadin gwiwa wajen kirkirar mujallar barkwanci ta "Tok Tok", kaddamar da "Radhio Kafril Sheikh el Habeeba," da kuma amfani da Facebook sosai. Yana karatun satifiket a aikin zamantakewa. A shekarar 2012, ya yi aure.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗin waje
* www.madamasr.com
Rosa María Britton

**Rosa María Britton** (28 ga Yuli, 1936 &#x2013; 16 ga Yuli, 2019) Ta kasance likita kuma marubuciya ƴar ƙasar  Panama .  An haifeta a Birnin Panama. Mafi shaharar litattafan *nata sune: El ataúd de uso* (1983), *El señor de las lluvias y el viento* (1984), *No pertenezco a este siglo* (1991), *Laberintos de orgullo* (2002) da *Suspiros de fantasmas* (2005).

Britton ta mutu a ranar 16 ga Yuli, 2019 a Panama City tana da shekara 82. 

## Manazarta
Jorge Edwards

**Jorge Edwards Valdés** (An haife shi a 29 ga Yuni, 1931) ɗan jaridar ƙasar Chile ne, ɗan jarida da diflomasiyya. Ya kasance jakadan Chile a Faransa a lokacin shugabancin Sebastian Piñera na farko. A shekara ta 2008 littafinsa mai suna *La Casa de Dostoievsky ya* ci kyautar Premio Iberoamericano Planeta-Casa de América de Narrativa, ɗayan wadatattun kyaututtukan adabi a duniya, wanda ya kai dala 200,000.  A cikin 1999, an girmama shi da kyautar Miguel de Cervantes .

## Manazarta
Manos Eleutheriou

**Manos Eleutheriou** ( Greek   ; 12, Maris 1938 &#x2013; 22, July 2018) marubucin waƙoƙin Girka ne, mawaƙi da kuma marubuci. Ya rubuta tarin waƙoƙi, gajerun labarai, labari, labarai biyu da waƙoƙi sama da 400. A lokaci guda ya yi aiki azaman marubuci, editan wallafe-wallafe, mai zane-zane da mai samar da rediyo.

A cikin 1962, yana da shekaru 24, ya buga waƙoƙin sa na farko, *Sinoikismos* . A lokaci guda, ya rubuta kalmomin don "Jirgin ya tashi da karfe 8:00", wanda daga baya Mikis Theodorakis ya zagaya. A watan Oktoba 1963, ya fara aiki a *Reader's Digest* .

Eleutheriou ya mutu a ranar 22 ga Yulin 2018 a Athens daga bugun zuciya, yana da shekara 80. 
 

## Manazarta.
Mircea Eliade

**Mircea Eliade** ( Romanian: [ˈMirt͡ʃe̯a eliˈade] ; March 9 [    - 22 ga Afrilun shekarar, 1986) ɗan Romaniya ne masanin tarihin addini, marubucin almara, masanin falsafa, kuma farfesa a Jami'ar Chicago .

*Kaidarsa* cewa hierophanies sune tushen addini, rarraba kwarewar mutum na zahiri zuwa wuri mai tsarki da mara kyau da lokaci, ya tabbatar da tasiri. 

Mafi shahara a litattafan sa *Maitreyi* ("La Nuit Bengali " ko "Bengal Night"), *Noaptea de Sânziene* ("Dajin Da Aka Haramta"), *Isabel și apele diavolului* ("Isabel da Ruwan Iblis") da *Romanul Adolescentului Miop* (" labari na ganin nesa matashi "), da novellas *Domnişoara Christina* (" Miss Christina ") da kuma *tinereţe Fara tinereţe* (" matasa Ba tare da matasa "), da kuma gajeren labarai *Secretul doctorului Honigberger* (" The Secret of Dr. Honigberger ") da kuma *La Ţigănci* ("Tare da 'Yan Matan Gypsy").

Eliade ya mutu a cikin Chicago saboda matsaloli daga bugun jini a ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 1986 yana da shekara 79. An binne shi a makabartar Oak Woods da ke Greater Grand Crossing, Chicago .

## Bayanan kula

## Sauran yanar gizo

* Tarihin rayuwar Mircea Eliade 
* Mircea Eliade, ''Daga Firamare zuwa Zen''  Archived  
* Jerin Sharuɗɗan da Aka Yi Amfani da su a Tsarkakakke da ''Rashin Karɓi na Mircea Eliade''
* Bryan S. Rennie akan Mircea Eliade
* Joseph G. Muthuraj, ''Mahimmancin Mircea Eliade don tiyolojin kirista''
Dobrica Erić

**Dobrica Erić** ( Serbian Cyrillic   ; Agusta 22, 1936 - Maris 29, 2019) marubuci ne kuma mawaƙi ɗan ƙasar Serbia. 

Ya kasance marubucin littattafai da yawa, littattafai biyar na waƙoƙin soyayya, littattafan waƙoƙi 23, wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo 5 da littattafan yara sama da 40. An buga littafinsa na farko na waƙa a cikin 1959. An fassara ayyukansa zuwa cikin harsuna da yawa. Ya zauna kuma yayi aiki a Belgrade da Gruža .

## Mutuwa

Erić ya mutu a Belgrade a ranar 29 ga Maris, 2019 daga cutar kansa ta huhu yana da shekara 82. 

## Manazarta
Eva García Sáenz de Urturi

**Eva Garcia Sáenz de UUrturi shekarar,**(1972 a Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country ) ƴar ƙasar Ispaniya ne wanda ta samu kyautar Nobel

## Ayyuka

Ta koma Alicante, Valencian, lokacin da take da shekara 15. Tana zaune a can tun daga lokacin. Bayan samun digiri a matsayin likitar ido, sai ta sami aiki a Jami'ar Alicante a cikin bangaren gani . 

A cikin shekarar 2012 ta rubuta wani  litafi Mai suna *La saga de los longevos* kasancewar wannan ne littafinta na farko. An buga littafin ne ta shafin yanar gizo na Amazon.com da kanta bayan ta yi ƙoƙarin tuntuɓar gidajen buga takardu da yawa ba tare da samun nasara ba. Koyaya *La saga de los longevos* ya zama abin bugawa. 

Shekaru biyu bayan haka ta rubuta *Los hijos de Adán* da *Pasaje a Tahití*, suma tare da kyakkyawar tarba. 

A cikin shekarar  2016 ta buga littafi na huɗu: *El silencio de la ciudad blanca settle* a garinsu na asali. A cikin wannan, ta shiga makarantar koyon aikin 'yan sanda, inda ta yi kwasa-kwasai guda  biyu na binciken wuraren da aikata laifi da kuma bayyana takun sawun. 

## Bibiyar Tarihi

* (2012) *La saga de los longevos*
* (2012) *La vieja familia*
* (2014) *Los hijos de Adán*
* (2014) *Pasaje a Tahití*
* (2016) *El silencio de la ciudad blanca*
* (2017) *Los ritos del agua*

## Manazarta

## Sauran yanar gizo

* Eva García Sáenz de Urturi shafin yanar gizon hukuma
Giorgio Faletti

**Giorgio Faletti** (25 ga Nuwamba Nuwamba 1950 &#x2013; 4 ga Yulin 2014) marubuci ɗan ƙasar Italiya, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, mai ba da dariya da kuma mawaƙa. An fassara littattafansa zuwa harsuna 25. An kuma buga su tare da babbar nasara a Turai, Kudancin Amurka, China, Japan, Rasha da Amurka .

An haifi Faletti a cikin Asti, Piedmont . Ya zauna a tsibirin Elba . Ya kasance mai ƙaunar ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Juventus .

## Dalilin mutuwa
Faletti ya mutu daga cutar kansa ta huhu a ranar 4 ga Yulin 2014 a Turin, yana da shekara 63. 

## Manazarta

## Sauran yanar gizo

*  
*
Arab Democratic Nasserist Party

**Arab Democratic Nasserist Party** (     )Ta kasan ce  jam'iyya ce ta Nasserist a Misira, tana mai bayyana kanta a matsayin magajin akida na tsohuwar jam'iyyar Arab Arab Union ta shugaban Masar na biyu, Gamal Abdel Nasser .

A zaben majalisar dokoki na shekarar dubu biyu 2000, jam’iyyar ta lashe kujeru uku cikin 454. Ko yaya, a zabukan shekarar dubu da biyar 2005 da kuma shekarar dubu biyu da goma 2010, jam’iyyar ta gaza cin kowane kujeru. A zaben shekarar dubu biyu da goma sha’biyar 2015, jam’iyyar ta lashe kujera daya.

## Tarihi
Yarda da tattalin arziki, da sauye-sauyen manufofin kasashen waje wanda magajin Nasser ya aiwatar a matsayin shugaban kasa, Anwar El Sadat, ya nisanta da yawa daga masu akidar Nasserists a karshen shekarar alif dubu daya da saba’in 1970s da farkon shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da tamanin 1980s. Wata Kungiyar  haramtacciya, Thawrat Misri, ko juyin juya halin Masar an kafa shi a shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da tamanin 1980. Bayan da gwamnati ta wargaza shi, an nuna dangin Nasser da dama suna da hannu.

Wararrun Nasserists masu ra'ayin kirki sun haɗu zuwa ga kungiyar Labour Socialist ko kungiyar  Ci gaban Unionasa ta (asa (NPUF) a duk tsawon shekarun. Daga karshe an basu izinin bude wata kungiyar shari'a, Arab Democratic Nasserist Party, karkashin jagorancin Diya al-din Dawud, a ranar sha’tara 19 ga watan Afrilun shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da casa’in da biyu 1992. 

## Dandamali
Tsarin jam'iyyar ya yi kira ga:

* Canjin zamantakewa zuwa ci gaba da ci gaba.
* Tsaro da 'yancin son kasa.
* Sabunta tashin hankali da yakar ta'addanci .
* Kare 'yancin jama'a.
* Inganta rawar da bangaren gwamnati ke takawa.
* Zamanantar da Masana'antar Masar.
* Bunkasa harkar noma.
* Karfafa haɗin kan ƙasashen Larabawa .
* Bayar da magani kyauta ga citizensan ƙasa.
* Inganta zaman lafiya a fagen duniya.

## Manazarta

## Kara karantawa

* *Bangarorin siyasa na Gabas ta Tsakiya da Afirka ta Arewa* Frank Tachau Ed. Westport Conn: Greenwood Latsa 1994
Leylâ Erbil

**Leylâ Erbil** (1931 - 19 July 2013) marubuciya ce ƴar Turkiyya.

## Farkon rayuwa
An haifi Leylâ Erbil a Istanbul . Ta kammala karatunta na makarantar sakandare a Istanbul kuma ta sami shiga Sashen Harshen Turanci da Adabin Turanci na Jami'ar Istanbul. Ta yi aure a shekarar da ta gabata a makaranta kuma ba ta kammala jami'a ba. Ta zauna a Ankara da Izmir, sannan ta dawo Istanbul a shekarar 1961. 

Ta fara aikin rubuce-rubuce ne a matsayinta na marubuciya. Bayan shekara ta 1971, ita ma ta rubuta litattafai. 

Leylâ Erbil ta kasance wacce ta ƙirƙiro Ƙungiyar Artan wasa ta da ƙungiyar Marubuta ta kasar Turkiyya. Ta kasance memba na PEN International da ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta kasar Turkiyya. 

Ta mutu a Asibitin Or-Ahayim Balat, Fatih, Istanbul a ranar 19 ga Yulin 2013. 

## Manazarta
Altaf Fatima

**Altaf Fatima** (1927 &#x2013; 29 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 2018) marubuciya ce 'yar Pakistan ce ƴar ƙabilar Urdu, marubuciya ta gajerun labarai, kuma malama. An haife ta ne a garin Lucknow .  Labarinta mai suna *Dastak Na Do* ("Wanda Bai Yi Tambaya ba") ana ɗaukarta ɗayan mafi kyawun aiki a cikin yaren Urdu.

Fatima ta mutu a ranar 29 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 2018 a Lahore daga cutar shanyewar jiki tana da shekaru 91.

## Litattafai

* *Nishaan-i-Mehfil*
* *Dastak Naa Do* ( *Wanda Bai Tambaya ba* (Novel) fassarar Ingilishi wanda Heinemann ya buga a 1994)
* *Chalta Musafir*
* *Khwabgar*

## Manazarta
Arab Party for Justice and Equality

The **Arab Party for Justice and Equality** (    ), Ta kasan ce  ƙungiya ce ta siyasa wacce ta ƙunshi kabilun Larabawa daga Sinai da Upper Egypt a cikin tsarin siyasa. 

## Manazarta
Asibitin Ƙasa, Abuja

**Asibitin kasa Abuja** asibiti ce a Abuja, FCT, Nigeria.

Asibitin an kafa shi ne a ƙarƙashin shirin bada tallafi na Iyali  kuma an kafa shi bisa tsari a ƙarƙashin doka ta 36 ta 1999 (Dokar 36 ta 1999). Abdulsalami Abubakar ya ba da asibitin a ranar 22 ga Mayu 1999.  Asalin **Asibitin Kasa na Mata da Yara**, an buɗe asibitin a ranar 1 Satumba 1999. Asibitin ya sami sunansa na yanzu a ranar 10 ga Mayu 2000. 

## Sanannun marasa lafiya

* Mohammed Abacha
* Evan Enwerem 
* Aminu Safana 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗin waje

* Asibitin kasa na Abuja
Al-Arabi (magazine)

***Al-Arabi*** (ar: العربي)Ta kasan ce wata-wata Larabci mujallar ta mayar da hankali, yafi a kan al'adu, adabi, art, siyasa, al'umma, da tattalin arziki na kasashen larabawa. Bugun farko an buga shi a cikin Disamba 1958, don neman yaɗa akidar Pan-Arabism. Mujallar tana karfafa gwiwar jama'a, kuma tana amfani da daukar hoto da kuma aikin kai tsaye.

## Tarihi da bayanin martaba
Gwamnatin Kuwait ce ta kafa *Al-Arabi* a kokarin ta na kafa wata mujalla da ke jaddada adabin larabci. Ma'aikatar Watsa Labarai ta Kuwaiti wacce ita ce babbar cibiyar watsa labarai a cikin kasar tana tallafawa mujallar kowane wata. An zabi Ahmad Zaki a matsayin edita na farko a cikin shugaban mujallar kuma fitowar ta farko da aka buga a cikin watan Disamba na shekarar 1958. 

Tun kwanakin farko, mujallar ta yi magana a kan batutuwa masu muhimmanci daban-daban a cikin larabawa da al'ummomin duniya waɗanda ke hulɗa da kowane fanni na rayuwa. Yawancin labaran da aka buga kyauta ce daga sanannun marubuta, masu zane da mawaƙa; kamar su Abbas el-Akkad, Nizar Qabbani, Sa'id al-Afghani, Abdul Hadi Altazi, Ihsan Abbas, Yusuf Idris, Salah Abdel Sabour da Dalal Almutairi. Mujallar ta tsaya a takaice na tsawon watanni bakwai yayin mamayar Iraki da kasar Kuwait daga watan Agustan 1990 zuwa Fabrairu 1991.

## Jerin Editoci a Cif

* 1958-1975: Ahmad Zaki
* 1976-1982: Ahmad Baha Eldeen
* 1982-1999: Muhammad Ganiem Al-Romehe
* 1999–2013: Sulaiman Abrahim El-Askari
* 2013 – Yanzu: Adil Salim Al-Abd Al-Jadir

## Manazarta
 

## Hanyoyin haɗin waje

* Tashar yanar gizo
Mohammed Abacha

Mohammed **Abacha** shi ne babban dan tsohon *shugaban mulkin soja* na Najeriya, marigayi Janar Sani Abacha da Maryam Abacha.

## Haɗin kuɗi
A lokacin mulkin mahaifinsa na soja, Mohammed Abacha yana da hannu dumu-dumu wajen wawure gwamnati. Wani rahoto na farko wanda riƙon ƙwarya ta Abdulsalam Abubakar ta buga a watan Nuwamba shekarar 1998 ya bayyana aikin. Sani Abacha ya faɗawa mai ba shi shawara kan harkokin tsaro Ismaila Gwarzo ya ba shi takardun neman kudi na bogi, wanda Abacha ya amince da shi. Kudin galibi ana tura su ne da tsabar kudi ko cak na matafiya daga Babban Bankin Najeriya zuwa Gwarzo Kuncnoni, wanda ya kai su gidan Abacha. Daga nan Mohammed Abacha ya tsara yadda za a karkatar da kudin zuwa asusun kasashen waje.  An fitar da tsabar kuɗi dala biliyan 1.4 ta wannan hanyar.

## Zamba
Kamar mahaifinsa da mahaifiyarsa, an ambaci Mohammed Abacha a cikin zamba 419 . 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗin waje

* An gurfanar da Abacha gaban kotu
Mohammad bin Salman

**Mohammad Bin Salman Al Saud** (    ; an haife shi a ranar 31 ga watan Agusta shekara ta alif 1985) shi ne Yariman Masarautar Saudiyya, Mataimakin Firayim Minista na farko na Saudi Arabia  kuma shi ne ƙaramin Ministan tsaro a duniya. 

Mohammad kuma shine shugaban gidan masarautar gidan Saud, kuma shugaban majalisar harkokin tattalin arziki da ci gaba. An bayyana shi a matsayin mai iko a bayan kursiyin mahaifinsa, Sarki Salman . 

An nada Mohammad a matsayin Yarima mai jiran gado a watan Yunin 2017 bayan shawarar da ta yanke daga Muhammad bin Nayef don cire kansa daga dukkan mukamai, wanda ya sa Mohammad ya zama magajin sarauta.   

A watan Oktoban 2018, Mohammad ya samu kururuwa a duniya saboda zargin da ake yi masa cewa yana da hannu a kisan dan *jaridar The Washington Post din* Jamal Khashoggi amma wanda ke da alhakin kisan Jamal Khashoggi yana gidan yari.  

## Manazarta
Arfaja al-Bariqi

**Arfajah b.** **Harthama al-Bariqi**  (    ), Wato shi ne  abokin Muhammad ne .  ya kasan ce kuma Ya yi gwamnan Mosul a lokacin mulkin Rashidun Khalifa Umar .  Abu Bakr ya aika **Arfajah** tare da sojojin Hudaifa bin Mihsan don yakar masu adawa da Musulunci a Oman .

## Nasaba
Cikakken sunansa shi ne **Arfaja b.** **Harthama b.** **Abd-al-Uzza b.** **Zuhayr b.** **Thailbh b.** **Amr b.** **Sa`d b.** **Thailbh b.** **Kinanah al-Bariqi** Ibn Bariq Ibn Uday Ibn Haritha Ibn Amr Mazikiee Ibn Aamr bin Haritha Algtarif bin Imru al-Qais Thailb bin Mazen Ibn Al-Azd Ibn Al-Ghoth Ibn Nabit Ibn Malik bin Zaid Ibn Kahlan Ibn Saba'a ( Sheba ) Ibn Yashjub Ibn Yarab Ibn Qahtan Ibn Hud (annabi) ( Eber )).

## Ridda wars

A cikin 633, Abu Bakr ya aika Arfaja bin Harthama zuwa Mahra  bisa umarnin Abu Bakr, sannan ya aika Ikrimah don yin tattaki da shiga Arfaja bin Harthama. Tun da Arfaja bai iso ba, Ikrimah, maimakon ya jira shi, ya tunkari 'yan tawayen yankin da kansa. A Jairut, Ikrimah ya haɗu da sojojin tawaye biyu da ke shirin yaƙi. Anan, ya rinjayi masu rauni don su musulunta sannan kuma ya haɗa kai da su don kayar da abokan adawar su. Bayan da ya sake kafa addinin Musulunci a Mahra, Ikrimah ya koma da gawar tasa zuwa Abyan, inda ya huta da mutanensa kuma yana jiran ci gaba. 

## Mosul
An nada Arfaja Al-Bariqi a matsayin Wali (gwamnan) na Mosul .   Yankin Mosul ba shi da yawan mutane lokacin da Musulmi suka mamaye shi. A lokacin mulkin Umar, sojojin musulmai sun sami wurin da ya dace don gina sansani. Daga baya, lokacin da aka daidaita yankin kuma aka gina masallaci, Umar ya ba da umarnin sake tsugunar da mazauna 4000 zuwa Mosul . Sababbin gine-ginen an gina su ne daga tubalin laka, maimakon ciyawa, kayan da ya shahara a yankin da sauran wuraren da ke da yawan jama'a an faɗaɗa sosai. A Mosul, Harthama, bisa umarnin Umar, sun gina birni, 'yan majami'u kadan, masallaci da kuma yanki don yahudawa. Ya yi amfani da shi a matsayin hedkwatar sa don ayyukan sojan arewa. Utba ya inganta matsayinsa a Tikrit sannan daga baya ya ci gaba zuwa Bajurmi da Shahrazour inda sojojinsa suka zauna a can. A Mosul Arfaja bisa umarnin Umar, an gina birni, 'yan majami'u kadan, masallaci da kuma yanki don yahudawa. 

## Manazarta
Gaɓoɓin Furuci

**Gaɓoɓin furuci** wannan gaɓoɓi  sune wadanda suke ta kura iskar huhu da aka koro ɗon haifar da sautuka daban-daban. Misalin waɗannan sautukan sune: Baƙi da kuma abinda ya ƙunsa kamar su Harshe,Hanchi,Hakora,Handa da dai sauran su

## Gaɓoɓin sune

## Yanda suke  aiki==yandasuke
 

## Manazarta
Said Ashour

**Said A. Ashour** (سعيد عبد الفتاح عاشور; 1922–2009) ya kasance kuma farfesa ne a fannin Tarihi a Jami’ar Alkahira .  Ya yi kuma wallafa litattafai 22 kuma ya buga takardu da labarai da yawa game da dogon lokacin da ya yi.  Dr. Ashour ya kujera na tsakiyar zamanai sashe domin da yawa shekarun da suka gabata a Tarihin sassan na Alkahira University, Beirut Arab University [Beirut Arab University] a Lebanon da kuma Kuwait University .  Dokta Ashour ya koyar a Jami'ar Alexandria kuma ya kasance Farfesa ne mai ziyara a jami'o'i da yawa a duk Gabas ta Tsakiya.

Wato shi Ashour ya daɗe yana Shugaban ƙungiyar Hadin gwiwar Masana Tarihin Larabawa,  wata makarantar ilimi wacce ta ƙunshi membobin daga duk theasashen Larabawa da ma gaba.

## Manazarta
National Library of Syria

**National Library of Syria** (    ), ya kasan ce kuma shi ne dakin karatu na kasar Syria, wanda yake a cikin babban birnin Dimashka wanda yake kallon Fagen Umayyad .

A shekarar 1986, Ma’aikatar Al’adun Siriya ta fitar da matsaya a hukumance na gina dakin karatu na kasa. An fara ginin a 1978 kuma an kammala karatun laburaren a Nuwamba Nuwamba 1983 kuma aka buɗe ta shekara mai zuwa. Manufar laburaren ita ce "tattara dukkan littattafai da lamuran yau da kullun ban da kowane irin adabin da ke hade da gadon al'adunmu na kakanninmu", sannan a ware wadannan kayan don yi wa masu bincike da masana aiki don amfanar da su. 

Ita ce ajiyar doka da haƙƙin mallaka na Siriya .

## Sassan
Laburaren yana da sassa da yawa wadanda suka hada da zauren lacca da kuma sashen musamman na makafi .  Sassan laburaren sune kamar haka: 

* Sashen Bayanan Hoto: a siffofinsa guda uku (microfilm, microfiche, photocopy). An kafa wannan sashin ne don biyan bukatun masu karatu don samun kwafin littattafai da wallafe-wallafe.
* Sashen Kayan Aiki: A ciki ake samun littattafan laburaren da rubuce-rubucensu ta hanyar sauti.
* Ma'aikatar Takardu: A wacce aka adana shirin shirin don kallo.
* Sashen Fasaha Mai Kyau: Wanne ya ƙunshi ayyukan masu zane-zane na Siriya na zamani.
* Ma'aikatar Lokaci: A ciki ake adana wallafe-wallafe da wallafe-wallafe na yau da kullun.
* Sashen Makafi: A ciki akwai littattafai da sauran abubuwa a cikin rubutun makafi ga makafi.
* Sashin Bayanai: Wadanda kwararru ke taimaka wa masu karatu don isa ga batutuwan da ake bukata, da kuma yin tafiye-tafiye ta hanyoyi daban-daban, da kuma ta tsarin bayanan kasa da kasa da ke bai wa mai karatu damar gano sabon tushen nassoshi a cikin kowane fanni.
* Zauren Lecture: Laburaren yana da babban zauren lacca wanda zai iya daukar mutane 308. Ya dace da fina-finai, laccoci da taro. An sanye ta da tsarin rediyo don fassara a lokaci guda cikin harsuna huɗu. Hakanan akwai wasu dakunan taruwa guda biyu, kowannensu zai iya daukar mutane 20.
* Dakin Karatu: Laburaren yana da dakunan karatu guda uku da wasu dakunan karatu guda hudu. Gidajen na iya daukar sama da masu karatu 1,000 a lokaci guda.
* Dakunan Karatu na Kai: 21 Ana samun Dakunan Karatu daban-daban.
* Nunin hotuna: Akwai shagunan baje-baje da yawa a laburaren musamman don nune-nunen kamar zane-zane da nune-nunen littattafai.

*

## Hanyoyin haɗin waje

* Shafin karatun larabci

## Manazarta