Mary Elmes

**Marie Elisabeth Jean Elmes** (5 ga Mayu 1908 - 9 ga Maris 2002)  ta kasance ma'aikaciyar agaji ta Irish wacce aka yaba da ceton rayukan akalla yara Yahudawa 200 a lokuta daban-daban a lokacin Holocaust, ta hanyar ɓoye su a bayan motarta.   A shekara ta 2015, ta zama ta farko, kuma har zuwa yau kawai, mutumin Irish da aka girmama a matsayin Mai Adalci a Tsakanin Al'ummai ta Jihar Isra'ila, don nuna godiya ga aikinta a Yaƙin basasar Spain da yakin duniya na biyu.&nbsp;

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Elmes a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 1908 a Cork, Ireland ga masanin sinadarai Edward Elmes da matarsa Elizabeth (née Waters). Edward Elmes asalinsa ɗan Waterford ne, kuma ya koma Cork bayan ya cancanci zama likitan magunguna, don gudanar da kantin magani a Winthrop Street, yayin da Waters ta girma a Cork.   Elizabeth Elmes ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar Irish Suffragette kuma ta yi fafutukar neman a zaɓe mata a matsayin ma'ajin ƙungiyar 'Yancin Mata ta Munster.   Mary tana da ɗan'uwa ɗaya, John, wanda daga baya ya karɓi ragamar kasuwancin iyalin.  Iyalin sun kasance na Cocin Ireland . 

Elmes da ɗan'uwanta sun halarci Makarantar Rochelle da ke Blackrock, Cork, wani gida na zamani da kayan aiki. Makarantar ta yi ƙoƙarin hana duk wani rikicin siyasa, tare da tsauraran matakai - duk da haka, ba su yi nasara ba, kuma Elmes, tare da takwarorinta, sun fuskanci tashin hankali na farkon ƙarni na 20 tun suna ƙanana.    Elmes ta fuskanci yaƙin da farko a watan Mayu na 1915 lokacin da jirgin ruwan teku na Cunard mai suna 'The Lusitania' ya yi karo da wani jirgin ruwa na Jamus a bakin tekun Cork. Ita da iyalinta, tare da dubban wasu, sun yi gaggawa zuwa Cobh don taimaka wa waɗanda suka tsira.   Elmes ta kuma fuskanci tashin hankalin Yaƙin 'Yanci lokacin da sojojin Birtaniya suka ƙone kasuwancin iyali a 1920. Duk da rikicin, iyalinta sun ƙarfafa Elmes ta yi tafiya da karatu. Bayan zamanta a Rochelle, Elmes ta ƙaura zuwa Meudon, Paris daga Disamba 1925 zuwa Janairu 1927. A nan ne ta fara koyon Faransanci sosai.  Lokacin da ta koma Cork, Elmes ta taimaka wajen tara kuɗi don ƙungiyar kare yara ta Cork tare da ƙungiyar tsofaffin 'yan mata ta Rochelle. 

A shekarar 1928, Elmes ta yi rajista a Kwalejin Trinity Dublin, inda aka zaɓe ta a matsayin Malami, kuma ta sami digiri na farko a fannin Adabin Zamani (Faransanci da Sifaniyanci).    A shekarar 1935, sakamakon nasarorin da ta samu a fannin ilimi, an ba Elmes tallafin karatu a fannin Nazarin Ƙasashen Duniya don yin karatu a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London . Ta sami takardar shaidar karatu a fannin Nazarin Ƙasashen Duniya, da kuma ƙarin tallafin karatu don ci gaba da karatunta a Geneva, Switzerland.      

### Yaƙin Basasa na Spain
A watan Fabrairun 1937, Elmes ta bar burinta na neman ilimi don yin aikin sa-kai da taimaka wa 'yan gudun hijira da suka tsere daga Yaƙin Basasa na Spain, kuma bayan kammala karatunta, ta shiga Sashen Motar Ambulance na Jami'ar London kuma aka tura ta zuwa wani asibitin yara a Almeria, Spain, inda aka tura ta zuwa wani wurin ciyar da jarirai.     Mahaifin Mary, Edward Elmes ya mutu a ƙarshen 1937; duk da haka, Mary ta rasa jana'izar domin ta ƙi barin mukaminta lokacin da ba a sami wanda zai maye gurbinta ba. Duk da cewa ba ta da ƙwarewa a fannin likitanci, tare da iya magana da Sifaniyanci da himmarta da jajircewarta, ta tabbatar da iyawarta cikin sauri.  Kwamitin Sabis na Abokan Amurka (AFSC) (ƙungiyar agaji ta Quaker) ya naɗa ta a watan Janairun 1939 don gudanar da asibitin da suke kafawa a Alicante . An kwashe Elmes a watan Mayun 1939 zuwa Hedikwatar Yankin AFSC da ke Perpignan, Faransa.  A nan, Elmes ta taimaka wajen kafa bita, kantuna, makarantu da asibitoci.  An kiyasta cewa Elmes tare da abokan aikinta na Quaker sun samar da abinci ga yara sama da 84,000 a makarantun da ke fuskantar matsalar yunwa a Kudancin Faransa. 

### Ceton yaran Yahudawa
'Yan Nazi sun mamaye Faransa a shekarar 1940, daga baya kuma, 'yan sandan Gestapo da na gwamnatin Vichy suka kai wa Yahudawa hari. A wannan lokacin, Yahudawa da yawa sun gudu zuwa kudancin Faransa. Elmes ta haɗu da su ta kuma yi aikin sa kai tare da Kwamitin Sabis na Abokan Amurka, wanda ke kula da yaran 'yan gudun hijira.  A shekarar 1942, hukumomin Vichy sun bayyana karara cewa ba a ba wa yaran Yahudawa izinin zama a sansanonin fursunoni ba bisa doka, kamar yadda aka yi musu. Elmes, tare da taimakon wasu abokan aikinta, ta ceci yara da dama, ta kai su gidajen tsaro ko kuma ta taimaka musu su tsere daga ƙasar gaba ɗaya. An tattara Yahudawa a kudu maso yammacin Faransa don a kora su daga sansanin Rivesaltes, inda Elmes ta shafe mafi yawan lokacinta.  Rivesaltes sansani ne na dindindin wanda ya kasance sabo, kuma gwamnatin Vichy ta kwashe Yahudawa da yawa daga gidajensu aka aika su can. Yanayin rayuwa bai dace da ɗan adam ba; akwai ƙwarƙwara da beraye, kuma sansanin ya ƙunshi bukkoki da bayan gida. Rashin abinci mai gina jiki babbar matsala ce. Quakers, tare da sauran kungiyoyin agaji, sun kafa shagunan sayar da abinci da bita da fatan rage wasu daga cikin matsalolin da ke tasowa.   Sanin cewa tana jefa kanta cikin haɗari, Elmes ta ɓoye yara da yawa a cikin motarta ta kuma tuka su zuwa wurare masu aminci, kamar gidajen aminci da ta shirya a baya a lokacin yaƙin da ke ƙasan tsaunukan Pyrenees da kuma bakin teku.  Ta taimaki wasu da yawa ta hanyar samun takardu waɗanda suka ba su damar tserewa ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa ta ɓoye a Vichy France. Ba Quaker ba ce da kanta, duk da cewa wani lokacin ana kiranta da "shugaban tawagar Quaker a Perpignan," amma ta yi aiki tare da ƙungiyoyin Quaker na gida.    

A watan Janairu  (ko Fabrairu  ) 1943, an kama Elmes bisa zargin taimakawa wajen tserewa Yahudawa  kuma an daure ta a Toulouse,  daga baya aka mayar da ita gidan yarin Fresnes wanda Gestapo ke kula da shi kusa da Paris, inda ta yi watanni shida.     Shekaru da yawa bayan kama ta, Elmes ta yi tsokaci game da lokacin da ta yi a kurkuku ta hanyar cewa "Kai, duk mun sha wahala a waɗannan kwanakin!".   Iyalan Mary sun yi fatan cewa bayan wahalar da ta sha za ta bar Faransa amma ta ƙuduri aniyar kada ta yi watsi da 'yan gudun hijirar da har yanzu ke buƙatar taimakonta. Mary tana aiki daga ofishinta da ke Perpignan har sai da yaƙin ya ƙare. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Elmes ta auri ɗan Faransa Roger Danjou a Perpignan, kuma ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu, Caroline da Patrick. Bayan yaƙin, ta ci gaba da zama a Pyrénées-Orientales (Arewacin Catalonia) inda ta kasance mai himma, da farko a Perpignan sannan a Canet-en-Roussillon da Sainte-Marie-la-Mer .  Ta mutu a wani gidan kula da tsofaffi a can tana da shekaru 93. 

Elmes ba ta yi magana sosai game da yaƙin ko abin da ta yi ba, kuma ta ƙi kowace kyauta da girmamawa da aka ba ta.  

## Daraja da gado
Bayan yaƙin, an ba Elmes lambar yabo mafi girma ta farar hula a Faransa a lokacin, wadda ta ƙi karɓa saboda rashin kulawa da ba ta so saboda abin da ta yi. [1] A ranar 23 ga Janairu 2013, shekaru 11 bayan mutuwarta, bayan da ɗaya daga cikin yaran da ta ceto ya zaɓe ta, Yad Vashem ya amince da ita a matsayin Righteous Among the Nations bayan mutuwarta, 'ya'yanta da jikokinta sun sami kyautar a madadinta, [ [2] kuma a ranar 30 ga Satumba 2016, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Trish Murphy bayan mutuwarta a kyaututtukan Network Ireland Business Woman of the Year a Cork, wanda ɗan uwanta, Mark Elmes, ya karɓa a madadin iyalinta. [3] [ [2] A ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 2019, Majalisar Birnin Cork [4] ta sanar da cewa za a sanya wa sabuwar gadar masu tafiya a ƙasa da ta haɗa Patrick's Quay da Merchant's Quay suna bayan Mary Elmes. An buɗe shi ga jama'a a ranar 9 ga Yuli, 2019.

Kamfanin Holocaust Educational Trust Ireland ne ke rarraba kyautar Mary Elmes a Nazarin Holocaust. 

## Duba kuma

* Helga Holbek, Lois Gunden da Alice Resch, waɗanda suka taimaka tare da Elmes wajen ceto 'yan gudun hijirar Yaƙin Basasa na Yahudawa da Sifaniya, kuma sun sami taken Righteous Among the Nations

## Manazarta