Volker Türk

Volker Türk (an haife shi 27 ga Agusta 1965) lauyan Austriya ne kuma jami'in Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Ya kasance Babban Kwamishinan Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya tun watan Oktoban 2022.

## Ayyuka

### Shekaru na farko
A cikin 1991, Türk ya zama Babban Jami'in Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kuma yana da aikin wucin gadi a Kuwait wanda Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Austriya ta biya. Sannan ya rike mukamai da hukumar ta UNHCR a yankuna daban-daban na duniya da suka hada da Malaysia, Kosovo, Bosnia-Herzegovina da Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo. Daga baya ya zama Daraktan Sashen Kariya na kasa da kasa a hedkwatar UNHCR da ke Geneva.  A cikin Fabrairun 2015, an nada shi Mataimakin Babban Kwamishinan Tsaro, wanda ya sa ya zama babban jami'in Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Austrian; ya taka rawar gani a ci gaban Yarjejeniya ta Duniya kan 'Yan Gudun Hijira.

A ranar 18 ga Afrilu 2019, Sakatare Janar António Guterres ya nada Türk a matsayin Mataimakin Sakatare-Janar na Shirye-shiryen Shirye-sauye a Ofishin Zartarwa na Sakatariyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.  Daga 2021 zuwa 2022, ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Sakatare Janar na Manufofin a Ofishin Zartarwa.  Türk ya tsara aikin manufofin duniya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kuma bin diddigin Sakatare Janar na "Kiran Aiki don 'Yancin Dan Adam' da kuma rahoto, "Our Common Agenda".

### Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam

#### 2022–2023
A ranar 8 ga Satumba 2022, an zabi Türk a matsayin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam .  Ya hau mulki a ranar 17 ga Oktoba 2022. Abubuwan da ya fi muhimmanci sun haɗa da gina ingantaccen kasancewar haƙƙin ɗan adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a ƙasa, da kuma tara ƙarin kuɗi ga ofishin Majalisar Dinkinobho wanda ya ce ba shi da kuɗi.

A cikin 2023 ya jagoranci shirin 'Yancin Dan Adam 75, don inganta' yancin mata da yara, tallafawa sauyin yanayi, da kuma karfafa mutanen da ke da nakasa. Türk tana inganta haƙƙin ɗan adam a matsayin mafita ga sabbin ƙalubale, kamar tasirin fasahar dijital akan sirri da 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki.

A cikin watan Janairun 2023, Turkiyya ta soki tsarin "gaggautar cirewa" manufofin kan iyaka na gwamnatin Shugaba Joe Biden da Amurka wanda a karkashinsa za a iya kawar da baki wadanda ba 'yan kasa ba daga kasar ba bisa ka'ida ba ko kuma hana su shiga, yana mai cewa hakan na da hadari ga hakkoki.

A watan Afrilun 2023, Turkiyya ta yi kira ga mahukuntan Rasha da su saki tsohon mai sukar lamirin Kremlin Vladimir Kara-Murza wanda aka yanke masa hukuncin daurin shekaru 25 a gidan yari bisa zarginsa da cin amanar kasa. Hukuncin "wani rauni ne ga bin doka da oda a cikin Tarayyar Rasha", in ji Turk.

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2023, Türk ya ce Iran a wannan shekarar tana da rikodin kisan gilla "abin ƙyama" tare da matsakaicin mutane sama da 10 da aka rataye a kowane mako. Ya yi kira ga hukumomin Iran da su soke hukuncin kisa.

A watan Yulin 2023, bayan wani mutum a wata zanga-zangar da aka ba da izini a birnin Stockholm na kasar Sweden, ya yayyaga shafuka daga cikin kur'ani tare da cinna musu wuta, Turkiyya ta yi Allah wadai da konawar a matsayin wani aiki da aka tsara don rarraba da haifar da kiyayya. A yayin muhawarar kwamitin kare hakkin bil adama na baya-bayan nan, kasashen musulmi da dama sun bukaci a kara daukar nauyin ayyukan da suka saba wa akidar addini, yayin da kasashen yammacin Turai da EU suka jaddada muhimmancin 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki tare da nuna adawa da dokokin sabo. 

#### 2024-ya zuwa yanzu
A watan Fabrairun 2024, Türk ya soki abin da ya kira "ƙaruwar ƙuntatawa a kan sararin jama'a ... da kuma ... maganganun ƙiyayya da nuna bambanci ga 'yan tsiraru, musamman Musulmai. "  Jakadan Indiya a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Geneva Arindam Bagchi ya ce zarge-zargen Türk "ba su da ma'ana kuma ba su nuna gaskiyar dimokuradiyya mafi girma a duniya ba. "

A watan Maris na shekarar 2024, Turk ya ce ya amince da "ci gaban da kasar Sin ta samu wajen kawar da talauci da ci gaba" ya kuma bukaci a sako masu kare hakkin bil'adama, da lauyoyi da sauran wadanda ake tsare da su a karkashin dokar "daukar husuma da kawo matsala". Ya kuma yi kira ga kasar Sin da ta aiwatar da shawarwarin da ke cikin rahoton ofishin kare hakkin dan Adam na MDD na shekarar 2022 kan jihar Xinjiang. 

A watan Afrilun 2024, Sojojin Arakan a Myanmar sun soki abin da suka dauka a matsayin mayar da hankali kan halin da al'ummar Musulmi ke ciki a cikin sanarwar da Turkiyya ta fitar. Sai dai faffadan kalaman na Turkiyya sun yi nuni da irin wahalhalun da duk wani fararen hula da rikicin ya shafa, ciki har da rahotannin hare-haren wuce gona da iri, da yanke hukuncin kisa, da azabtarwa, da kuma yunwa. A watan Fabrairun 2025, yayin da yake jawabi ga Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ya bukaci kasashen duniya da su aiwatar da takunkumin makamai da kuma sanya takunkumi kan Myanmar. Ya bayyana halin da ake ciki na hakki a Myanmar a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi muni a duniya tare da "wahalhalun bil'adama," ciki har da hare-haren wuce gona da iri, yanke hukuncin kisa, azabtarwa, da yunwa. ”

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2024, Türk ya ziyarci Bangladesh don tantance halin da ake ciki na haƙƙin ɗan adam bayan tashin hankali na siyasa wanda ya kori Sheikh Hasina">gwamnati Sheikh Hasina.  Ya sadu da Babban Mai ba da shawara Muhammad Yunus, jami'an gwamnati, Shugabannin dalibai, da wakilan jama'a. Türk ya jaddada muhimmancin hada kai, yana mai cewa, "Bangladesh yanzu yana da damar tarihi don sabuntawa da sake farfado da dimokuradiyya ta gaskiya... da kuma sake gina ƙasarku a kan tushe na daidaito - inda ake jin kowane murya kuma ana darajarsa, ba tare da la'akari da aji ba, jinsi, launin fata, akidar siyasa ko addini ba". Ya kuma ziyarci asibitoci don saduwa da daliban da suka ji rauni a lokacin tashin hankali da tashin hankali kuma ya yi kira ga "bincike mai zurfi game da duk kisan kai da keta haƙƙin ɗan adam". Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta gargadi Sojojin Bangladesh cewa za ta iya rasa matsayin kiyaye zaman lafiya idan ta shiga cikin murkushe yunkurin Yuli, in ji Babban Jami'in Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkinobho Volker Turk a kan BBC's HARDtalk.

A lokacin Yaƙin Gaza, Türk ya ce Isra'ila na iya - idan an tabbatar da niyyar - ta yi amfani da yunwa a matsayin makami na yaki a Gaza, wanda zai zama Laifin yaki; Ministan tattalin arzikin Isra'ila, Nir Barkat, ya ce gargadi na Türk "cikakken wauta ne - abu ne da ba shi da alhakin faɗi". A tsakiyar watan Yunin 2025 Türk ta sake roƙon gwamnatoci da su farka da wahalar da ke Gaza. "Halin da ake ciki a yanzu - na tashe-tashen hankula da rashin mutunta hakkin bil'adama na kasa da kasa da dokokin jin kai - ba za a iya karewa ba. "

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Türk yana zaune a Geneva, Switzerland.

An haife shi a Linz, Austria, ya halarci Linz Khevenhuller Gymnasium . Türk ta sami Jagoran Shari'a daga Jami'ar Linz .  Ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin shari'a ta kasa da kasa daga Jami'ar Vienna, inda ya sami digirin digirinsa a ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yan Gudun Hijira (UNHCR) da kuma aikinta.  

## Kyaututtuka
A watan Mayun 2016, an bai wa Türk lambar yabo ta Jami'ar Graz Human Rights Award [de] don kare 'yan gudun hijira a duk duniya da kuma nuna rawar da UNDCR ke takawa wajen tallafawa 'yan gudun hijira.

## Littattafai
An buga shi a kan dokokin 'yan gudun hijira na duniya, rashin kasa da kuma batutuwan 'yancin ɗan adam ciki har da a cikin Dokar 'Yan Gudun Hijira ta Duniya. 

* Erika Feller, Volker Türk, Frances Nicholson (eds.): Kare 'yan gudun hijira a cikin Dokar Duniya. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2003, .

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje