Gasar raƙuma

**Gasar [[Raƙumi|Raƙuma]]** wani nau'i ne na tseren tseren da 'yan wasan tseren da ke kan raƙuma suna fafatawa da juna don kammala jeri na zagayen tseren tseren da'ira. Ya fi shahara a Gabas ta Tsakiya, Kahon Afirka, Pakistan, Mongoliya da Ostiraliya. Ƙwararrun tseren raƙumi, kamar tseren dawakai, taron ne don yin fare da yawon buɗe ido. Raƙuma na iya gudu da gudu har zuwa 65 km/h (18 m/s; 40 mph) a cikin gajeren gudu kuma suna iya kiyaye gudun kilomita 40 cikin sa'a (11 m/s; 25 mph) na awa ɗaya. Sau da yawa ’yan wasan ’yan wasa ne ke sarrafa raƙuma, amma zargin cin zarafin ɗan adam ya haifar da haramta ayyukan ƙananan yara a cikin Ƙasar Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa da Qatar. A gasar tseren rakumi na zamani, sau da yawa ana sarrafa raƙuma ta hanyar bulala na mutum-mutumi na nesa.

## Tarihi

Wasan tseren raƙumi wani taron tsere ne na ƙarni, wanda aka yi shi azaman wasan gargajiya na Gabas ta Tsakiya tun zamanin da. Ana iya samun aƙalla tun daga karni na 7 AZ tsibirin Larabawa inda wasa ne na jama'a da ake yi a wuraren tarurruka da bukukuwa. Rakumai sun rike muhimmin matsayi a cikin al'ummomin Gabas ta Tsakiya a matsayin hanyoyin sufuri fiye da tsere na dubban shekaru, kwanan nan ne aka maye gurbinsu da motoci a tsakiyar karni na 20 a lokacin karuwar mai a yankin.

A tarihi, tseren raƙuma da yawa a yankin Tekun Fasha na Gabas ta Tsakiya sun kasance don hidimar taron jama'a da biki maimakon gasa mai tsanani. Al'ummar Bedouin sukan gudanar da tseren gajere mai tsayin mita 300 zuwa 500 don tunawa da lokuta na musamman kamar bukukuwan aure, bukukuwan addini da bukukuwa, da ruwan sama.

Lokacin da aka yi gasa a zamanin da suka gabata na tseren raƙuma, shirye-shirye da kyaututtukan ba a tsara su sosai a gaba fiye da yadda ake gudanar da gasar a yau. Ba kasafai ake tantance mahalarta fiye da kwana guda ba, kuma yawanci suna zuwa ne sakamakon kalubalen da ke tsakanin masu rakuma. Wasan yana da ƴan ƙa'idodi da ƙa'idodi, kuma wasa marar kyau tsakanin mahaya kafin tsere ya zama ruwan dare. Bayan haka kuma, babu shekaru ko nauyi ga rakuma ko mahayi.

## Gasar raƙuma a yau

Tare da yawan kudade zuwa duniyar Larabawa sakamakon tattalin arzikin mai da ke fitowa a cikin shekarun 1960 da 70, al'ummomin yankin sun sami babban canji, kuma tare da shi, haka kuma tseren raƙumi. Saboda karuwar shahara da shiga cikin wasanni, yanzu an raba tsere zuwa kashi-kashi da nau'in nisan tsere da kuma shekaru da nau'in rakumi don daidaita gasa. An kuma gina waƙoƙi da yawa don tseren raƙuma a cikin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa a cikin shekarun 1980, gami da shahararrun waƙoƙin Al-Wathba, kusa da Abu Dhabi, da Nad Al-Shiba kusa da Dubai. Duk waƙoƙin biyu suna da matsakaicin iyawar 'yan kallo na kusan mutane 1,000. Maza da mata na Masarautar sun shiga gasar tseren rakuma ta gargajiya ta fannoni daban-daban. Ga ‘yan wasan ’yan gudun hijira na Emirati wanda ke tseren kilomita 6 an raba su kashi biyu kuma bisa ga shekaru yayin da tseren 1500m na ’yan gudun hijira ne.

## Manyan abubuwan da suka faru da kyaututtuka

Babbar tseren raƙumi ita ce gasar cin kofin raƙumi da aka gudanar a Alice Springs wanda shine mafi girma na biyu mafi girma na kyautar raƙumi a Australia. Ana gudanar da shi a kowace shekara kuma ya ƙunshi ba kawai tseren raƙuma ba, har ma da tarin rumfunan kasuwa da sauran abubuwan nishaɗi. Babbar tseren raƙumi na kuɗi a Ostiraliya ita ce "The Boulia Desert Sands" tare da jakar kyautar $ 500,000 a Queensland.

## 'Yan wasan motsa jiki na yara

Sau da yawa ana fifita yara a matsayin ’yan wasa saboda sauƙin nauyinsu, kuma don haɓaka saurin raƙuma, galibi suna yin azumi na kwanaki a lokaci ɗaya kafin kowace tsere. An ba da rahoton cewa ana fataucin dubban yara daga ƙasashe irin su Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Iran, Pakistan, da Sudan don amfani da su azaman wasan ƙwallo a ƙasashen Larabawa na Tekun Fasha. A shekara ta 2005, ma'aikatan agaji sun kiyasta kewayon yara 5,000 - 40,000 a yankin Gulf na Farisa.

Yawancin yara masu tsere da raƙuma suna fama da mummunan rauni yayin da suke fadowa daga raƙuma. Yara masu tsere suna zaune a sansanoni (wanda ake kira "ousbah") kusa da hanyoyin tsere kuma da yawa sun sha wahala daga cin zarafi. An ceto daruruwan yara daga gonakin raƙuma a Oman, Qatar, da Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa kuma an dawo da su gidajensu na asali ko kuma an ajiye su a gidajen mafaka. Da yawa duk da haka, ba sa iya tantance iyayensu ko al'ummomin gida. Wasu kasashe sun bayar da hukunci ga wadanda suka yi safarar yara kanana na rakumi tare da ba wa masu shi umarni alhakin mayar da yaran zuwa kasashensu na asali. Sai dai sun bayyana cewa a lokuta da dama yaran da aka ceto su ne wadanda iyayensu suka sayar da su domin neman kudi ko aiki a kasashen waje. Idan an dawo da su, za a sake siyar da yaran don dalilai iri ɗaya. Sauran yaran ba sa jin yarensu na asali, ko kuma ba su san yadda ake zama a wajen gonakin rakuma ba.

Wani fitaccen mai fafutuka don gyarawa da dawo da ’yan wasan ’yan wasa shi ne lauyan Pakistan Ansar Burney. Ya mayar da hankali kan wani yanki na aikinsa don kawar da amfani da wasan yara. &#x5B;**&#x5D;

### Hanawa
Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ita ce ta farko da ta haramta amfani da yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 15 a matsayin wasan raha a tseren rakumi lokacin da Sheikh Hamdan bin Zayed Al Nahyan ya sanar da dakatar da shi a ranar 29 ga Yulin 2002.  A shekara ta 2009 Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta biya diyya ga tsoffin 'yan wasa 879. Yayin da Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta ce tana bayar da hukunci ga wadanda aka samu suna amfani da yara a matsayin ’yan wasa, a cikin 2010 masu sa kai daga Kungiyar Yaki da Bautar Kasa da Kasa sun dauki hoton keta dokar. A zamanin yau, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ita ce wurin haihuwar 'yan wasan robot na yanzu, waɗanda aka tsara don hawa raƙuma. Tsarin asali, hadin gwiwa tsakanin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa da Switzerland. 

A Qatar, tsohon Sarkin Qatar Hamad Al Thani, ya haramta wasan jockey na yara a shekarar 2005,  kuma ya ba da umarnin cewa, nan da shekara ta 2007, dukkan tseren rakumi za su kasance ne ta hanyar wasan jockey na mutum-mutumi.   

## Dubi kuma

* Gasar tsere ta hamada
* Gwagwarmayar raƙumi
* Babban Australian Camel Race, wani taron Australiya da aka gudanar a 1988 don gane tasirin da raƙuma ke da shi akan ci gaban Australiya
* An kafa Tarayyar Duniya a cikin 2016

## Bayanan da aka ambata