Mahmoud Hafith

**Mahmoud Hafith** (Larabci: محمود حافظ; Janairu 10, 1912 - Disamba 23, 2011)  ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar ɗan ƙasar Masar ne a fannin ilimin halittar ɗan adam kuma tsohon shugaban Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Masar da Kwalejin Harshen Larabci da ke Alƙahira. Shi ne ɗan ƙasar Masar na farko da ya sami digirin digirgir a fannin ilimin halittar ɗan adam, kuma shi ne ɗan ƙasar Masar na biyu da ya haɗa shugabancin Kwalejin Harshen Larabci da kuma Kwalejin Kimiyya, bayan Shugaban Adabin Larabci, Taha Hussein .  Ya mutu mako guda bayan gobarar da ta tashi a Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Masar, bayan zanga-zanga a Alƙahira.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Hafith a ranar 10 ga Janairu, 1912, ga wani iyali mai dogon tarihi a gwagwarmayar da ake yi da mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. Mahaifinsa ya kafa abin da aka sani da "Masarautar Faraskour", wanda aka kafa a Damietta don korar Turawan Ingila, kuma an tilasta masa sayar da duk dukiyarsa don kashewa kan ayyukan ƙasa, har sai da shugaban Masar Saad Zaghloul ya biya fam 50 don taimaka wa ɗansa ya kammala karatunsa. [1]

Hafith ya fara karatunsa a Farskour kuttab, inda ya haddace Alƙur'ani.  Duk da haka, ya bar makarantar ya koma Alƙahira don kammala karatunsa a Makarantar Sakandare ta Saeidia bisa ga buƙatar mahaifiyarsa. Ya kammala karatunsa daga Faculty of Science, Jami'ar Alƙahira, a shekarar 1935 kuma aka naɗa shi malami. Ya sami digiri na biyu a shekarar 1938, sannan ya sami digiri na uku a fannin ilimin halittar jiki a shekarar 1940, inda ya zama ɗan ƙasar Masar na farko da ya yi hakan. Ya ci gaba da bincikensa a Jami'ar London da Jami'ar Cambridge a shekarar 1953, inda aka naɗa shi Farfesa a Sashen Ilimin Halittar Jiki . Lokacin da ya koma Alƙahira, aka naɗa shi Mataimakin Shugaban Fannin Kimiyya a shekarar 1964. 

## Sana'a
Hafith ya ba da gudummawa wajen kafa Sashen Kwari da Kare Shuke-shuke a Cibiyar Bincike ta Ƙasa kuma ya yi aiki kan haɓaka ta da kuma shirya masu bincikenta da sashin bincike a Hukumar Makamashin Atomic da Cibiyar Yankin Radioisotopes. Ya ba da gudummawa wajen haɓaka Cibiyar Bincike ta Vector a Ma'aikatar Lafiya, ta hanyar kafa shirye-shiryen bincike a gare ta, kula da aiwatar da ita, da kuma shirya ƙungiyoyin kimiyya.

Ya kuma shiga cikin tsara bincike a matakin Jamhuriyar a lokacin da yake aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Sakatare na Ma'aikatar Binciken Kimiyya, kuma ya halarci tarurruka sama da hamsin na ƙasa da ƙasa a fannin kimiyyar halittu, ilimin halittu da kuma maganin kwari, da kuma tarihin kimiyya. Ya kuma gabatar da laccoci da dama a jami'o'in Turai, Amurka, Afirka da Asiya a matsayin farfesa mai ziyara a can.

Baya ga wannan binciken kimiyya, ya yi aiki a matsayin Sakatare Janar na Ƙungiyar Hidaya ta Musulunci tare da marigayi Sheikh Muhammad Al-Khader Hussein, Sheikh na tsohon Masallacin Al-Azhar tsawon shekaru goma sha bakwai.

### Ilimin kimiyya
An naɗa Hafith a matsayin ƙaramin sakatare na Majalisar Koli ta Binciken Kimiyya a shekarar 1968, bayan haka ya dawo a matsayin shugaban sashen ilimin halittu har zuwa 1972, lokacin da ya zama farfesa na cikakken lokaci a kwalejin. A shekarar 1977, an zaɓe shi a matsayin ƙwararre a fannin ilimin kimiyya a kwamitin ilimin halittu da kimiyyar noma.

Tun lokacin da aka naɗa shi memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya, Hafith ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga ayyukan Kwalejin, a cikin majalisarta da taronta, da kuma a cikin ayyukan kwamitocin da yake aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto, wato Kwamitin Kimiyyar Halittu da Noma, Kwamitin Sinadarai da Magunguna, da kuma memba a Kwamitin Kyauta da Kwamitocin Geology da Man Fetur .

A ranar 21 ga Maris, 1977, ranar liyafar Hafith, Dr. Mahmoud Mukhtar ya yi magana game da shi: "Mutum mai hazaka wanda ya daɗe yana ɗauke da fitilar ilimi da ilimi cikin aminci da wadatarwa, kuma an lulluɓe shi da lu'ulu'u na addinin gaskiya da harshen Larabci mai albarka."

### Kwalejin Harshen Larabci
Shigar Hafith a Kwalejin Harsunan Larabci ta samo asali ne tun daga shekarar 1956, lokacin da yake haɗin gwiwa da Nazir Bey, memba na Kwalejin, wajen fassara wasu kalmomi zuwa Larabci. Sannan aka zaɓe shi a matsayin ƙwararre a cikin wannan cibiyar a shekarar 1964.  Hafith ya shiga cikin kwamitocin majalisar da yawa kafin a zaɓe shi a matsayin mataimakin shugaban majalisar a shekarar 1996. Daga nan ya maye gurbin Shawqi Deif a matsayin shugaban majalisar a shekarar 2005 bayan wani zaɓe na gama gari. 

Ta hanyar Kwalejin Harshen Larabci, Hafith ya gudanar da bincike da dama kan ƙamus na kimiyya, mayar da kimiyya Larabawa, kuma ya shiga cikin fassara da kuma mayar da dubban kalmomi Larabawa ta hanyar kwamitocin ilmin halittu, noma, sinadarai, magunguna, da mai. Hafith ya kare Larabci daga zargin cewa ba ta fahimci kimiyyar zamani ba, yana mai ganin hakan a matsayin "ƙarya", kuma ya yi kira da a ci gaba da ƙoƙarin mayar da kimiyya Larabawa, gami da likitanci.  Ya kuma yi gargaɗi game da faɗaɗa gibin da ke tsakanin sabbin tsararraki da Larabawa, yana mai la'akari da dalilin hakan shine yaɗuwar makarantun ƙasashen waje waɗanda ba sa sha'awar Larabci. 

## Ayyuka a matakin ƙasa

# Mataimakin shugaban Kwalejin Harsunan Larabci da ke Alkahira har zuwa 2005, sannan ya zama shugabanta har zuwa rasuwarsa a 2011.
# Shugaban Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Masar har zuwa rasuwarsa. Shi ne kawai Bamasare da ya jagoranci al'ummomi biyu (Kwalejin Harshen Larabci da Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Masar) a lokaci guda.
# Memba a Majalisar Ilimi da Binciken Kimiyya ta Ƙasa.
# Memba a Majalisar Kwalejin Bincike da Fasaha ta Kimiyya.
# Shugaban ƙungiyar tarihin kimiyya ta ƙasar Masar.
# Shugaban ƙungiyar nazarin halittu ta ƙasar Masar.
# Shugaban ƙungiyar kimiyya ta gaba ɗaya ta ƙasar Masar (ƙungiyar kimiyya ta ƙasar Masar).
# Shugaban Kwamitin Ƙasa na Kimiyyar Halittu a Kwalejin.
# Shugaban Kwamitin Yabo na Jihar AASTMT da kuma Kyautar Mubarak a Kimiyyar Asali.
# Memba na Ƙungiyar Al'adun Kimiyya ta Masar kuma tsohon shugaban ƙasa.
# Memba a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Masar kuma tsohon shugaban ƙasa.
# Wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar Masar ta Parasitology kuma tsohon shugaban ƙasa.

## Ayyuka a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa

# Memba kuma memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Musulunci. ( Amman - Jordan ).
# Memba kuma memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Afirka. ( Nairobi - Kenya ).
# Memba kuma memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Duniya ta Uku. ( Trieste - Italiya ).
# Memba mai daraja na Ƙungiyar Nazarin Ƙwayoyin Halitta ta Rasha.
# Fitaccen memba na Ƙungiyar Entomological ta Amurka.
# Mamba a ƙungiyar Royal Society of Entomology, London.
# Memba na Ƙungiyar Kimiyyar Halittu ta Duniya ( Paris ).
# Memba na Ƙungiyar Kula da Kwari ta Duniya ( Paris ).
# Memba na Majalisar Ƙungiyar Duniya kan Tarihin Kimiyya ( Liège - Belgium ).
# Wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Halittu da Ilimin Halittar Kwari ta Duniya ( Nairobi - Kenya ).
# Memba mai daraja na Majalisar Dindindin ta Taro kan Ilimin Halittar Dan Adam ta Duniya da kuma Majalisar Kare Shuke-shuke ta Duniya ( Beijing - China).
# Mai ba da shawara ga Ƙungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya ta Duniya kan batun cututtukan da ke yaɗuwa.

## Manazarta