open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Umar Elba

**Umar Elba** (an haife shi a ranar 19 ga Satumba, 1983) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Masar-Amurka, wanda aka fi sani da haɗin gwiwa tare da Tom Hanks a fim din A Hologram for the King .Ya kuma taka rawar gani a matsayin Mark Green a gaban Jessica Biel a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Limetown . [1]

A cikin jerin A24, Omar ya taka rawar Sameer, wani hali da ke fama da cutar autism (ASD) wanda ke da matsala wajen shiga. A shirye-shiryen rawar, ya yi aiki sosai tare da likitan halayyar da ke nazarin takamaiman marasa lafiya na ASD a tsawon lokaci. Omar  kansa ma neurodivergent ne, yana nuna cewa an gano shi a hukumance a kan fashewar autism a ƙarshen shekarunsa na 30.

Elba kuma ta fito, ta rubuta kuma ta ba da umarnin *Tim*, wani ɗan gajeren fim na Freudian game da Ego, Id da Superego .  A shirye-shiryen manyan matsayi guda biyu, ya canza jikinsa sau biyu ta hanyar samun fam 20 na kitse don yin wasa da Tim sannan ya rasa nauyi kuma ya sami fam 10 na tsoka don yin wasa na Tim's Ego. Don canjin jiki tsakanin haruffa biyu ya faru, wasan kwaikwayon biyu, Tim da Tim's Ego, an harbe su shekara guda, bi da bi.  cikin fim din, ana ganin duka haruffa biyu, Tim (mai nauyi, mai dogaro da kai) da Tim's Ego (mafi kyawun kamanninsa, mafi tsayin daka), suna hulɗa a kan allo a lokaci guda.

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

*
Yaren Koyraboro Senni

**Koyraboro Senni** (**Koroboro Senni**, **Koyra Senni** ko **[[Gao (gari)|Gao]] Senni**) memba ne na yarukan Songhay na Mali kuma wasu mutane 400,000 ne ke magana da shi a gefen Nijar_River" id="mwFQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Niger River">Kogin Neja daga garin Gourma-Rharous, gabashin Timbuktu, ta hanyar Bourem, Gao da Ansongo zuwa iyakar Mali-Niger.

Kalmomin "koyra-boro senn-i" suna nufin "harshe na mazaunan garin", sabanin makiyaya kamar Mutanen Tuareg da sauran mutane masu canzawa.

Kodayake of Koyraboro Senni yana da alaƙa da garuruwa masu zaman kansu, yare ne na duniya wanda ya bazu gabas da yammacin Gao, ga Mutanen Fula da ke zaune a kan iyakar Mali-Niger da kuma Mutanen Bozo na Kogin Neja. Gabashin Timbuktu, Koyra Senni ya ba da hanya ba zato ba tsammani ga Koyra Chiini mai alaƙa da shi.

## Yankin da aka rarraba
Yawancin masu magana suna zaune a Yankin Gao na Mali. Ana kuma magana da shi a wasu sassan Mali da sauran ƙasashe.

## Fasahar sauti

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

### Sautin sautin

Abubuwan da ba a fahimta ba na sautunan wasali na iya faruwa, amma suna da wuya a tsakanin yaruka daban-daban.

## Manazarta

* Jeffrey Heath: *Grammar na Koyraboro (Koroboro) Senni, Songhay na Gao .* [Hasiya]  

## Haɗin waje

* Open Language Archives Community
* Bayani na Harshe na Songhay
Clémentine Dusabejambo

**Marie Clémentine Dusabejambo** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1987) 'yar fim ce ta Rwandan .

## Rayuwa
An haifi Marie Clémentine Dusabejambo a Kigali a shekarar 1987 a Rwanda .   horar da ita a matsayin injiniya lantarki da sadarwa.

Fim din Dusabejambo *[[Lyiza (fim)|Lyiza]]* ya lashe lambar yabo ta tagulla ta Tanit a bikin fina-finai na Carthage a shekarar 2012.  Fim dint mai suna A Place for Myself (2016) ya ba da labarin wata yarinya yarinya ta Rwandan da ke fama da cutar albinism, wacce ke gwagwarmaya a fuskar nuna bambanci da kunya a makarantar firamare. Dusabejambo  zama mai sha'awar batun bayan ya ji rahotanni na labarai game da kisan gillar 2007-2008 na mutanen da ke fama da cutar albinism a Tanzania. Fim din  fara ne a Goethe Institut a Kigali, [1] kuma an nuna shi a bikin fina-finai na Toronto Black Film na 2017.   sami kyaututtuka uku, ciki har da lambar yabo ta Ousmane Sembène, a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Zanzibar (ZIFF),  kuma ya lashe lambar yabo ta tagulla ta Tanit a bikin fina'a na Carthage a shekarar 2016.  kuma zaba ta don Mafi kyawun gajeren fim a 2017 Africa Movie Academy Awards, [1] kuma ta lashe kyautar Thomas Sankara a 2017 FESPACO. [2] [3]

*Icyasha* (2018) yana mai da hankali kan wani yaro mai shekaru 12, wanda ke son shiga Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta unguwa amma ana zalunta shi saboda kasancewa mata.  zabi shi don Mafi Kyawun Fim a ZIFF 2018, [1] a cikin gajeren fina-finai a Carthage Film Festival,  da kuma Mafi Kyawun Gajeren fim a 2019 Africa Movie Academy Awards.  lashe Golden Zébu don gajeren fim na Panafrican a Rencontres du Film Court Madagascar 2019 . [1]

## Fina-finai

* *[[Lyiza (fim)|Lyiza]]*, 2011
* *Bayan Kalmar*, 2013
* *Wuri don kaina*, 2016
* *Icyasha* / Etiquette, 2018

## Manazarta
Cayubaba harshe

**Cayubaba** (Cayuvava, Cayuwaba, Kayuvava) yare ne mai raɗaɗi na Amazon Bolivia . Mutanen Cayubaba suna zaune a yankin Beni zuwa yammacin kogin Mamoré, Arewacin Santa Ana Yacuma,  tare da yawan mazaunan 794.

Tun lokacin da aka ayyana Dokar Koli N.º 25894 a ranar 11 ga Satumba, 2000, Cayubaba ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin harsunan asali na hukuma na Bolivia,  wanda ke cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki, wanda aka gabatar a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, 2009. 

## Halin da ake ciki
Kamar yadda Crevels da Muysken suka nuna (2012),  yankin Cayubaba ya zama wani yanki na yanki wanda tarihi ya fi sani da Mojos (ko Moxos), wanda ya mamaye kusan murabba'in kilomita 200,000 na abin da ke a halin yanzu Sashen Beni. Sama da duka, Cayubaba sun fi mayar da hankali kan noman gargajiya, noman shinkafa, yucca, masara, ayaba, rake, wake, kabewa, dankalin turawa, da dai sauransu. Sun kuma kiwon dabbobi, duk da cewa a kan karamin sikelin. Al'ummar Cayubaba sun hadu a Subcentral Indígena Cayubaba, wanda ke da alaƙa da Cibiyar Indigenous Peoples Center of Beni (CPIB) kuma, don haka, memba ne na Confederation of Indigenous Peoples of Eastern Bolivia (CIDOB).

Kamar yadda na 2005, Mily Crevels ya ruwaito cewa tsofaffin masu magana biyu ne kawai suka rage a ƙauyen Exaltación, wanda ke gefen hagu na Kogin Mamoré . An kuma sami wani tsoho mai magana a birnin Trinidad . 

## Abubuwan Tarihi
Wanda ya fara kulla dangantaka da Cayubaba shine limamin mishan na Jesuit, P. Agustín Zapata a shekara ta 1693. Kamar yadda Crevels and Muysken (2012)  suka nuna, a wannan ziyara ta farko a yankin Cayubaba ne Uba Zapata ya ga ƙauyuka bakwai, waɗanda shida ke da kusan mazauna 1,800 kuma ɗaya yana da fiye da 2,000. A farkon karni na 18, P. Antonio Garriga ya ba da gudummawar Ofishin Jakadancin Girma na Cross Cross, wanda Cayubaba ya kasance da farko. Daga baya an kafa Ofishin Jakadancin San Carlos, Conception, da Peñas.

A farkon karni na 19, lokacin da masanin ilimin kasa kuma masanin burbushin halittu Erland Nordenskiold dan kasar Sweden ya ziyarci Cayubaba, mutane 100 ne kawai daga cikin kungiyar, wadanda ban da yarensu, ba su kiyaye al'adunsu na asali ba. Yankin Cayubaba ya shahara wajen noman taba. A lokacin da ake yin amfani da roba, sayar da taba ya yi tsanani a duk fadin kasar, kuma Exaltación ya zama tashar jiragen ruwa mai aiki a kan kogin Mamoré . A tsakiyar karni na 20, duk da haka, ƙaura na Cayubaba zuwa Exaltación ya kusan daina noman sigari, waɗanda ke gujewa cutar kyanda da ta kusan halaka jama'a.

## Rarraba Halitta
Kamar yadda Crevels and Muysken (2012) suka nuna,  duk da duk shawarwarin da aka ba da shawarar don rarraba Cayubaba ta kwayoyin halitta (duba, misali, Greenberg, 1987);  Kaufman, 1990,  1994;  Suárez, 1974),  Har ila yau ana ɗaukar harshen a matsayin keɓe .

## Tuntuɓar Harshe
Jolkesky (2016) ya lura cewa akwai kamancen kalmomi tare da dangin Arawak, Bororo, Takana, da Tupi saboda tuntuɓar. 

## Tsarin Nahawu

### Ilimin sauti
A cikin tebur na biyu, an gabatar da mu tare da tsarin tsarin sautin wasali (an ɗauko daga Crevels da Muysken, 2012)  kuma bisa (Key, 1961). 
## Manazarta
Yaren Maninka

**Maninka** (wanda aka fi sani da Malinke), ko kuma ainihin **Maninka na Gabas**, shine sunan harsuna da yawa da ke da alaƙa da juna na kudu maso gabashin Manding na dangin harshen Mande (shi kansa, mai yiwuwa yana da alaƙa le Niger-Congo phylum). Harshen asalin Mutanen Mali ne a Guinea, inda mutane miliyan 3.1 ke magana da shi kuma shine babban yare a yankin Upper Guinea, da kuma Mali, inda Bambara masu alaƙa da shi yare ne na ƙasa, da kuma Laberiya, Senegal, Saliyo da Ivory Coast, inda ba shi da matsayin hukuma. Harshen kotu ne da gwamnati a lokacin Daular Mali .

Yaren Wudala  Gabashin Maninka, wanda ake magana a tsakiyar tsaunuka na Guinea kuma mai fahimta ga masu magana da dukkan yaruka a wannan ƙasar, yana da jerin sunayen sauti masu zuwa.  (Baya ga sautin, wanda ba a rubuta shi ba, ana ba da sauti a cikin orthography, kamar yadda ƙimar IPA ba tabbatacce ba.) 

### Sauti
Akwai sautuna huɗu: tsawo, ƙasa, tashi da faɗuwa

Ala ma'anar ita ce sautin da ke fadowa: // 'tsuntsu' (LL), /kɔ̀オ/ 'tsutsa' (LLHL, watakila [kɔ̌nɔ̂]); /kɔ́nɔ̀/ "ciki' (HL), /kɔ́オ̀/ 'ciki'

### Sautin sautin
Halayen sautin sune //i e ɛ a ɔ o u// . Dukkanin na iya zama tsawo ko gajere, baki ko hanci: /iː eː ɛː aː ɔː oː uː/ da /ĩ ẽ ɛ̃ ã ɔ̃ õ ũ/ . (Yana iya zama cewa duk wasulan hanci suna da tsawo.) Wasulan hanci sun sa wasu masu zuwa.

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

/d/ yawanci ya zama flap [ɾ] tsakanin wasula. /c/ (kuma an rubuta shi) sau da yawa yakan zama /k/ kafin wasula /i/ ko /ɛ/ . Akwai bambancin yanki tsakanin /g/ da labial-velar /g͡b/ . /h/ yana faruwa galibi a cikin rance na Larabci, kuma an kafa shi. /p/ yana faruwa a cikin rance na Faransanci da Ingilishi, kuma yana cikin tsari na daidaitawa. 

Yawancin muryoyin murya sun zama hanci bayan wasula ta hanci. /b/ ya zama /m/, /j/ ya zama/ɲ/, kuma /l/ ya zama -n/. Misali, sunayen da suka ƙare a cikin wasula na baki suna ɗaukar jam'i a cikin *-lu*; sunayen da ke ƙare a cikin sautunan hanci suna ɗaukar *-nu*. Koyaya, /d/ ya kasance na baki, kamar yadda yake a cikin /nde/ "Ni, ni".

## Rubuce-rubuce
Maninka a Guinea an rubuta shi a cikin rubutun Latin na hukuma, tsohuwar rubutun hukuma (kuma Latin), da haruffa N'Ko.

## Manazarta

* [Hasiya]  *Manding-English Dictionary (Maninka, Bamana). Volume 1: A, B, D-DAD, An kara da wasu shigarwa daga kundin da suka biyo baya* (1999).  Dimitry Bulanin Publishing House, shafi na 315  .&nbsp; 

## Haɗin waje

* Rahoto game da Malinke a Mali a Senegal
* Wasu rubutu daga Gidan Tarihin Harshe
* Gidan kayan gargajiya na harshe a kankan
* Malidaba, ƙamus na kan layi na Faransanci-Ingilishi-Rasha-Maninka
Harsunan Suppire– Mamara

**Harsunan Suppire-Mamara** sun zama reshen arewacin dangin yaren Senufo kuma galibin su ana magana da su a Mali. Sun ƙunshi harsuna daban-daban guda biyar, jimillar kusan masu magana kimanin  750,000 (Olson 1996). Harsunan Arewacin Senufo sun rabu da yarukan Tsakiyar Senufo ta hanyar ƙaramin rukuni na mutanen yankin Mande masu magana (Duun). A gabas da kuma yamma, harsunan Mande kamar Bambara da kuma Dioula sun yi musu tasirin gaskie sosai, sannan kuma waɗannan harsuna sun rinjaye su sosai a cikin ƙamus da ƙamus (Carlson 1994).

Harsunan Suppire-Mamara sune:

* Mamara (Minyanka, Mianka) 
* Nanerige (Nanergé) 
* Supyire (Suppire) 
* Sucite (Sicite, Sìcìté) 
* Daular (Daular Siriya) 

## Dubi kuma

* Harsunan Senufo
* Taswirar yankin yaren Senufo

## Manazarta

* Carlson, Robert (1994) A Grammar of Supyire . Berlin: Tumar Gruyter.
* Olson, James S. (1996) *Mutanen Afirka: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary .* London: Greenwood Press.
Yaren Minyanka

**Minya (wanda aka fi sani da Mamara, Miniyanka, Minya, Mianka, Minianka, ko Tupiire)** yare ne na arewacin Senufo wanda kusan mutane 750,000 ke magana a kudu maso gabashin Mali. Yana da alaƙa da Supyire . Minyanka yana daya daga cikin yarukan ƙasa na Mali .

## Fasahar sauti

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

* Ana kuma jin fricative na pharyngeal lokacin da yake tsakanin wasula, ko kuma a matsayin allophone na /ɡ/ lokacin da yake cikin matsayi na intervocalic.
* jin sautunan ƙaho [h, ɦ] ne kawai a cikin yaren Bla, maimakon sautunan labio-velar /k͡p, ɡ͡b, ŋ͡m/ .
* iya jin sauti /k, ɡ/ a matsayin fricatives [x, ɣ] lokacin da yake cikin matsayi na intervocalic.

### Sautin sautin

* /u/ kuma ana iya jin sa a matsayin [y] lokacin da yake cikin matsayin /j/.
* /o/ kuma ana iya jin sa a matsayin [œ] lokacin da yake gaban /ʔ/.

## Dubi kuma

* Harshe na Senufo

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Ƙarin karantawa

* Dombrowsky-Hahn, Klaudia (ed. by Miehe, Gudrun; Reineke, Brigitte; Roncador, Manfred von) (1999) Abubuwan da ke tsakanin harsunan Minyanka da Bambara (Kudancin Mali). Köln: Rüdiger Köppe.
* Prost, André (1964) Gudummawa ga nazarin harsunan Voltaique. Dakar: Cibiyar Francophone ta Afirka Baƙi.

## Haɗin waje

* Minyanka-Faransa-Bambara-Ingilishi Dictionary don duba kan layi ko saukewa, daga Ƙungiyar don Inganta harshen Mamara, Koutiala, Mali.
* Albarkatarwa a Mamara daga SIL Mali 
* PanAfrican L10n shafi a kan Suppire/Minianka
Mohammed Hamaki

**Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed El Hamaki** (Arabic; an haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1975)  mawaƙi ne na Masar. A shekara ta 2010, ya lashe kyautar "Best Arabia Act" daga MTV Europe Music Awards da kuma Music Award a shekara ta 2006, don *"Ahla Haga Fiki"*. Ya kasance koci a kakar wasa ta biyar ta The Voice Ahla Sawt a shekarar 2019.

## Rayuwa ta farko da aiki
An haifi Mohamed Hamaki a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 1975. 

A ranar 3 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2011, an kai Hamaki asibiti bayan ya kamu da ciwon zuciya da yawa yayin da yake yin rikodin kundi, Mn *Alby Baghany* . 

A watan Satumbar 2021, Hamaki ya hada kai da kamfanin Epic Games na Amurka don kide-kide a cikin yanayin kirkirar shahararren wasan bidiyo Fortnite . A cikin wannan kide-kide ana iya jin waƙoƙinsa da yawa. Bugu da ƙari, an gabatar da waƙarsa *Leilet El Omr* a cikin wannan kide-kide, tare da wannan emote tare da wani ɓangare na wannan waƙar an samar da shi don siye a cikin Shagon Wasan.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
A ranar 7 ga Disamba, 2011 Hamaki ya auri Nahla El Hagry . Daga baya sun sake aure a shekarar 2014. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2016, shekaru biyu bayan kisan aurensu, Hamaki da Nahla sun sulhunta kuma sun sake yin aure. Hamaki ya sanar da cewa matarsa ta haifi yarinya a ranar 6 ga Yuni, 2017 wanda ya ba shi suna Fatma .

## Bayanan da aka yi

* *[[Khallina Neysh]]* (2003) 
* *Ya Ana Ya Enta* (2005) 
* *Kheles El Kalam* (2006) 
* *[[Bahebak Kol Youm Aktar]]* (2007) 
* *Naweeha* (2008) 
* *[[Haga Mosh Tabeaya]]* (2010) 
* *[[Mn Alby Baghany|Alby Baghany]]* (2012) 
* *[[Omro Ma Yegheeb]]* (2015) 
* Kol Youm Men Dah (2019) 
* Ya Fatenny (2021) 

## Manazarta

## Ƙarin karantawa

*  

## Haɗin waje

* Mohamed Hamakifaifai aDiscogs
* Tashar Mohamed Hamakia kanYouTube
Harshen Tadaksahak

Tadaksahak (kuma Daoussahak, Dausahaq da sauran rubutun, bayan sunan Tuareg ga masu magana da shi, Dawsăhak)  yare ne na Songhay wanda makiyaya Idaksahak na Yankin Ménaka da Yankin Gao na Mali ke magana. Harshen Tuareg makwabta, Tamasheq da Tamajaq sun rinjayi sauti, magana da kalmomi.)

## Fasahar sauti

### Sautin sautin

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

## Dubi kuma

*  (Wiktionary) 

## Manazarta

* Regula Christiansen, A grammar of Tadaksahak a arewacin Songhay harshen Mali, Leiden University Center for Linguistics (2010) 
* Niels da Regula Christiansen, *[http://www.sil.org/silewp/abstract.asp?ref=2002-005 Wasu siffofin kalma na Tadaksahak, ko, Berber ko Songhay, wannan shine tambaya]*, SIL Electronic Working Papers (2002) 
* Regula Christiansen da Stephen H. Levinsohn, sassan dangi a cikin Tadasahak, SIL Electronic Working Papers (2003) 
* Michael J. Rueck da Niels Christiansen, *[http://www-01.sil.org/silesr/1999/008/nsonghay.html Harsunan Arewacin Songhay a Mali da Nijar: Binciken Harshen Harshen Jama'a]*, Ayyukan Taron Harsunan Nilo-Sahara na 1998 (1998)
Sayed Zayan

***Sayed Zayan*** (Arabic; 17 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1943 - 13 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta 2016) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Masar.

## Fina-finan da aka zaɓa

* 1974: *Dunya*
* 1974: *<nowiki/>'Ya'yan Shiru*
* 1974: *[[Where Is My Mind? (fim)|Ina Zuciyata?]]*
* 1975: *[[I Want a Solution|Ina son Magani]]*
* 1983: *[[The Beggar (fim)|Mai bara]]*
* 1986: *[[Easabat Al'nisa]]*
* 1987: *Mista Janitor*

## Wasanni

* Direban taksi

## Mutuwa
Zayan ya mutu a safiyar Laraba, 13 ga Afrilu 2016 a Alkahira, yana da shekaru 73, bayan ya yi fama da cuta.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin Masarawa

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* 
* ElCinema.com/en/person/pr1040860/" id="mwPA" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Ya ce Zayan a ElCinema.com (Arabic)
Harshen kuramen Bamako

**Harshen kurame na [[Bamako]]**, wanda aka fi sani da **Harshen Kurame na Mali**, ko kuma **LaSiMa** (Langue des Signes Malienne), yaren kurame ne wanda ya bunkasa a waje da tsarin ilimi na ƙasar Mali, a cikin birane na shayi na Bamako inda kurame suka taru bayan aiki. Sannan kuma Maza ne ke amfani da shi, sannan kuma ana barazanar amfani da Harshen Kurame na Amurka, wanda kuma shine harshen koyarwa ga yaran kurame da ke zuwa makarantansu.

## Dubi kuma

* Harshen Kurame na Tebul, alamar ƙauyen yankin Dogon

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Harsunan kurame na Mali 
* Alamun samfurin LaSiMa
* Shirin LaSiMa (YouTube) 
* Harsunan kurame na Bamako da Dogon a Jami'ar Lancashire ta Tsakiya
Mohammed Fu'ad

**Mohamed Fouad Abd El Hamid Hassan** (Arabic; an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 1961) mawaƙi ne na Masar, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo kuma marubucin waƙa. Ya yi fim dinsa na farko na talabijin "Agla Min Hayaty" a cikin 2010,  kuma ya dauki bakuncin shirin talabijin na "Khush Ala Fo'sh" a cikin 2014. 

## Hotunan fina-finai

* Ghawy Hob
* Howa Fi Eih?
* Rashin Hanyar Hanyar H
* Esmailia Raieh Gai
* Youm Har Gedan
* Esharet Moror
* Amurka Shika Bika
* El Qalb Mu Ma Yashak
* Mazajen Aghla Hayaty

## Bayanan da aka yi

* Fel Sekka (1985) 
* Khefet Dammo (1986) 
* Hawed (1987) 
* Yani (1988) 
* Es'aly (1990) 
* Mesheena (1992) 
* Habina (1993) 
* Nehlam (1994) 
* Hayran (1996) 
* Kamanana (1997) 
* El-Hob El-Haqiqy (1998) 
* Albi We Rouhi We Omri (1999) 
* El-Alb El-Tayeb (2000) 
* Keber El-Gharam (2001) 
* Rehlet Hob (2001) 
* Shareeny (2003) 
* Habibi Ya (2005) 
* Ghawy Hob (2006) 
* Wala Nos Kelma (2007) 
* Kasancewa Edeak (2010) 
* Ghaly (2010) 
* Besohola Keda (2010) 
* Ben Edeik (2010) 
* Ebn Balad (2010) 
* Bashabeh 3alek (2011) 
* Tameny 3alek (2011) 

## Manazarta
Yaren Kitsai

**Harshen** **Kitsai** (kuma **Kichai** ) wani batattu  yare ne na dangin harshen Caddoan .  Faransanci  ne ya fara rikodin kasancewar mutanen Kichai tare da babban kogin Red River a cikin shekara ta1701.  A cikin 1840s an yi magana da Kitsai a kudancin Oklahoma, amma a cikin 1930s babu wani mai magana da ya rage. Ana tsammanin yana da alaƙa da Pawnee sosai.   Mutanen Kichai a yau suna shiga cikin Wichita da Ƙabilun Ƙungiyoyi (Wichita, Keechi), Waco da Tawakonie ), wanda ke da hedkwata a Anadarko, Oklahoma .

## Fassarar sauti

### Consonants
Ƙirar baƙar fata ta Kitsai ta ƙunshi wayoyin hannu da aka nuna a ginshiƙi na ƙasa.  Ana nazarin wayar sautin /c/ a ƙasa azaman tasha, duk da cewa saninta na yau da kullun shine alveolar tare da jinkirin sakin, don kada a sami "jerin" mai alaƙa da ya ƙunshi sautin waya ɗaya kawai. Hakazalika, ana nazarin /w/ a matsayin maɗaukaki (watau labio-velar ) maimakon labial don kada ya zama baƙar magana kaɗai.

### Wasula
Kitsai tana da wayoyi masu zuwa:

## Takaddun bayanai
Kitsai an rubuta shi a cikin bayanan filin da har yanzu ba a buga ba na masanin ɗan adam Alexander Lesser, na Jami'ar Hofstra . Karami ya gano masu magana da Kitsai guda biyar a cikin 1928 da 1929, babu wanda ya yi magana da Ingilishi. Sadar da masu magana da Kitsai ta hanyar masu fassarar harsuna biyu na Wichita/Ingilishi, ya cika littattafai 41 da kayan Kitsai. 

Kai Kai shine mai magana na ƙarshe na Kitsai. An haife ta a shekara ta 1849 kuma ta rayu mil takwas a arewacin Anadarko. Kai Kai yayi aiki tare da Lesser don yin rikodin ƙamus da tarihin baka da shirya nahawun harshen. 

A cikin 1960s, Lesser ya raba kayansa tare da Salvador Bucca na Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires, kuma sun buga labaran masana akan Kitsai. 

## Kalmomi
Wasu kalmomin Kitsai sun haɗa da: 
 

## Bayanan kula

## Manazarta

* Sturtevant, William C., babban edita, da Raymond D. Fogelson, editan ƙara. *Littafin Jagora na Indiyawan Arewacin Amirka: Kudu maso Gabas.* *Juzu'i na 14* . Washington DC: Cibiyar Smithsonian, 2004. ISBN&nbsp; .

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Kitsai, Harsunan Asalin
* Harsuna da mutane Caddoan
Kantarama Gahigiri

**Ka
**Kantaramagiri''' (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta alif dari tara da saba'in da shida miladiyya 1976 ) Dan fim ne na Switzerland da Rwanda.    fi saninta da fina-finai Tapis rouge, Me + U, Lost Angel Less da ƙari. Tana da digiri na biyu daga Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa da Kasa da Ci Gaban da Cibiyar Fasaha ta New York .

## Ayyuka
Fim din Gahigiri na farko Tapis Rouge an ba shi kyautar Fim mafi Kyawu a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Geneva  da kuma mafi kyawun jagora a bikin fina'a na Chelsea .  tana tasowa Tanzanite, wani labari mai ban tsoro na Afro pulp ta hanyar Realness - An African Screenwriter's Residency.

## Hotunan fina-finai

### A matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo

* Rahamar daji (2018) 
* 2B (2009) 

## Kyaututtuka

* Bikin Fim na Chelsea - Kyautar Gudanarwa mafi kyau 2015 

## Manazarta
Yaren Kuhane

**Harshen Ikuhane** yare ne na Bantu da ake magana a Kudancin Afirka. An kuma san shi da Subia kuma Mutanen Ikuhane a Namibia, Botswana & Zambia suna magana da shi.

## Tarihi
Ana kiran yaren **Chikuhane** kuma ya sami sunansa daga Sarkin Subia na biyu da aka sani, Ikuhane, wanda ya yi mulki daga 1575 - 1600. A karkashin jagorancinsa, mutane sun yi ƙaura zuwa kudu kuma sun zauna a gefen Kogin Cuando wanda kuma ake kira Kogin Ikuhane don girmama shi. Ana kiran mutum ɗaya na Ikuhane a matsayin Muikuhane yayin da ake kiran mutane da yawa na Ikuhane da Baikuhane. Gabatarwa Mu- na musamman ne kuma Gabatarwa Ba- na jam'i ne.

Koyaya, Baikuhane an san su da yawa a yau a matsayin Mutanen Subia. Sunan Subia ya fito ne daga maƙwabta kuma an samo shi ne daga kalmar 'subila' wanda ke nufin haske dangane da launin fatar su. Ana kiran mutum ɗaya na Subia Musubia yayin da ake kiran mutane da yawa na Subia Basubia ko Masubia. Ana kiran yaren **Chisubia** .

## Rubutun Subia
ChiSubia: Kakuli IREZA ava saki ahulu inkanda, mane avahi Mwanakwe yenke, ili kuti yense yo zumina Kwakwe keta afwe kono kave nivuhalo vusamani. Yahaya 3:16 

Turanci: Ga Allah yana son duniya sosai har ya ba HIS kawai wanda aka haifa SON, cewa duk wanda ya yi imani da HIM bai kamata ya hallaka ba amma ya sami rai na har abada. Yahaya 3:16

## Manazarta
Harshen Kwangali

**Kwangali**, ko **RuKwangali**, yare ne na Bantu da mutane 85,000 ke magana a gefen Kogin Kavango a Namibia, inda yake yare na ƙasa, kuma a Angola. *G.C.* daya daga *c* harsunan Bantu da yawa na Kavango waɗanda ke da ƙididdigar dannawa; waɗannan su ne ƙididdigari na haƙori c da gc, tare da prenasalization da burin.

Maho (2009) ya haɗa da Mbunza a matsayin yaren, amma ya cire Sambyu, wanda ya haɗa a cikin Manyo.

## Fasahar sauti

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

Hakanan ana iya jin nau'in danna haƙori, yadda yawancin ƙamus yake daga yarukan Khoisan makwabta. H ana iya jin sautin a matsayin alveolar .

### Sautin sautin

iya furta gajerun sautin /i e o u/ a matsayin [ɪ ɛ ɔ ʊ].

## Bayanan da aka ambata

* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 5] *Studien zum Kwangali: Grammatik, Rubutun, Glossar.* Hamburg: Cram, daga Gruyter
* Derek Nurse & Gérard Philippson, *Harsunan Bantu,* 2003:569.

### Littattafai

* *Rukwangali / Turanci don Yara*, Éditions du Cygne, 2013,   
* Sashe na Littafi Mai-Tsarki a Kwangali
Amputation

Yankewa shine cire wata gaɓa ta rauni, rashin lafiya, ko tiyata. A matsayin ma'auni na tiyata, ana amfani da shi don sarrafa ciwo ko tsarin cututtuka a cikin abin da ya shafa, irin su malignancy ko gangrene. A wasu lokuta, ana yin shi a kan daidaikun mutane a matsayin tiyata na rigakafi don irin waɗannan matsalolin. Wani lamari na musamman shi ne na yanke jiki na haihuwa, cuta ta haihuwa, inda aka yanke gaɓoɓin tayi ta hanyar maƙarƙashiya. A wasu ƙasashe, a halin yanzu ana amfani da yanke yanke don hukunta mutanen da suka aikata laifuka.

An kuma yi amfani da yanke yanke a matsayin dabara wajen yaki da ayyukan ta'addanci; yana iya faruwa a matsayin rauni na yaki. A wasu al'adu da addinan, ƙananan yanke ko yankewa ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin cim ma na al'ada. Idan mutum ya yi shi, mai yanke yankan shine mai yankewa.

Tsohuwar shaidar wannan al'ada ta fito ne daga wani kwarangwal da aka gano a binne a kogon Liang Tebo, Gabashin Kalimantan, na Borneo na Indonesiya tun a kalla shekaru 31,000 da suka gabata, inda aka yi shi a lokacin da wanda aka yanke yana karami

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Harshen Hakaona

**Hakaona** (Hakawona, Havakona) yare ne na Bantu na Angola da Namibia . Har zuwa watakila Anita Pfouts (2003), an dauke shi yaren Herero . 

(2009) ya kafa yaren Arewa maso Yammacin Herero, wanda ya haɗa da Zimba; daga taswirar, zai bayyana ya haɗa da Himba da Hakaona.

## Bayani
Eric Kabera

**Eric Kabera** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1970) ɗan jarida Rwandan ne kuma Mai shirya fim-finai kuma wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban Cibiyar Fim ta Rwanda .

## Rayuwa ta farko da aiki
Eric Kabera, ɗan Rwandan, an haife shi a Zaire, yanzu Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo (DRC).   da yake har yanzu yana zaune a cikin DRC lokacin da kisan kare dangi na Rwanda ya fara a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1994, Kabera ya ce danginsa da ke zaune a Rwanda a lokacin, 32 daga cikinsu sun mutu a cikin tashin hankali. Wannan  yi wahayi zuwa gare shi don yin fim na 2001 game da kisan kare dangi mai taken 100 Days da kuma wani shirin 2004 mai taken Keepers of Memory, inda ya yi hira da wadanda aka azabtar da kuma masu aikata ta'addanci.  [2]

 Days, wanda Kabera ya yi tare da haɗin gwiwar mai shirya fina-finai na Burtaniya Nick Hughes, shine fim na farko da aka harbe a Rwanda bayan kisan kare dangi na Rwanda a kan Tutsi a cikin 1994, kuma shine fim na fara nunawa game da kisan kare kare dangi kafin Otal Rwanda .   din bai dauki 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na sana'a ba, maimakon haka masu shirya fina-finai sun yi amfani da ainihin Tutsi da Hutu da suka tsira don yin rubutun, kuma an harbe shi a wurin da ainihin wuraren da ayyukan kisan kare dangi suka faru. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo sun kasance: Eric Bridges Twahirwa, Cleophas Kabasita, Davis Kagenza, Mazimpaka Kennedy, Davis Kwizera, David Mulwa, Didier Ndengeyintwali, Denis Nsanzamahoro, da Justin Rusandazangabo . [1]

 ita  ta kafa kuma shugabar Cibiyar Fim ta Rwanda, kungiyar da ke da niyyar inganta masana'antar fina-finai ta Rwanda.   farko ya kafa Cibiyar a matsayin kungiyar da za ta horar da sabbin masu shirya fina-finai amma, tun daga shekara ta 2005, an fi saninta da shirya bikin fina-fukkuna na Rwanda na shekara-shekara. Bikin Fim na Rwanda, wanda ake kira "Hillywood" saboda sunan laƙabi na Rwanda na "Land of a Thousand Hills", bikin tafiya ne. Saboda sha'awar Kabera  nuna fina-finai ga masu sauraro da yawa, ana gudanar da bikin ba kawai a babban birnin Kigali ba amma fina-fukkuna, musamman wadanda masu shirya fina-fuki na Rwanda suka yi, ana nuna su a manyan allo a yankunan karkara a duk faɗin ƙasar.  nan, Kabera ya bayyana cewa bikin zai yi ƙaura daga mai da hankali ne kawai kan batun kisan kare dangi; maimakon haka za a bincika "wasu batutuwan zamantakewa" na Rwanda ta zamani. Kabera  ce zai so ya yi wasan kwaikwayo.

Wani bangare don taimakawa ci gaba da inganta bikin fim din, Kabera ya fara aikin gina gidan wasan kwaikwayo na farko na Rwanda a Kigali. Gidan wasan kwaikwayon yana  gini tun aƙalla 2007 amma ci gaba yana da jinkiri saboda rashin kudade da ake buƙata don kammala aikin.

## Hotunan fina-finai

## Manazarta
Jacqueline Kalimunda

**Jacqueline Kalimunda** (an haifeshi 1974) mai shirya fina-finan  ne, mai shir shirye-shirye, darakta kuma marubuci. Rwandan .

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Jaqueline Kalimunda a Kigali, Rwanda . Ta zauna a Kenya, Madagascar, da Ingila kafin ta koma Faransa. Yayinda take makaranta, Kalimunda ta yi karatun gudanarwa tare da tarihin Afirka. Ta ƙware a cikin samar da fina-finai da rarraba. Kalimunda an horar da ita a matsayin edita kuma ta yi amfani da wannan ƙwarewar don yin aiki a kan shirye-shirye da fina-finai na talabijin. Ta sadaukar da kanta ga ba da labari na asali da jigogi a cikin aikinta.

## Hotunan fina-finai
A shekara ta 2002, ta rubuta, ta ba da umarni kuma ta samar da fim dinta na farko, Histoire de tresses na minti 23 (About Braids), wanda aka zaba mafi kyawun gajeren fim a bikin fina-finai na Zanzibar na 2003.  An kuma rarraba gajeren fim din a Burtaniya ta Cibiyar Fim ta Burtaniya da Amurka ta bikin Fim na Afirka na New York.  Fim din ya nuna labarin tsakanin wata budurwa da wani dan Afirka mai basira. Matar ta nemi mai sutura ya sake yin salon sutura na gashi. 

Shirin Homeland shine ƙarshen dogon aikin da aka fara lokacin da take binciken hotuna na Rwanda tare da masana tarihi Jean-Pierre Chrétien da Hélène d'Almeida-Topor . Don wannan aikin, Jacqueline Kalimunda ta bayyana shekaru 80 na tarihin fina-finai da ba a buga ba a Rwanda. An nuna fim din a 2007 Fespaco a Ouagadougou . 

A cikin 2007 da 2008, Jacqueline Kalimunda ta jagoranci kakar wasa ta farko da ta biyu na jerin shirye-shiryen TV Imagine Afrika, wanda aka watsa a kasashe 35 na Afirka a tashoshin talabijin na jama'a a Turanci, Faransanci, Swahili, Zulu, Portuguese da sauran harsuna. Daga nan sai ta ba da umarni a cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da Canal Plus Horizon fim din High Life da aka watsa a cikin 2011.

Tsohon jami'in Berlinale Talent Campus, Jacqueline Kalimunda ta samar kuma ta ba da umarni a cikin 2012 Burning Down, wani Focus Features Africa Takaitaccen fim na farko tare da Eriq Ebouaney (Brian de Palma's Femme fatale, Raoul Peck's Lumumba) da Cyril Guei .

A cikin 2016 Kalimunda ta rubuta kuma ta ba da umarnin *Floris*, wani shirin fim a cikin harshen Kinyarwanda . 

## Manazarta
Oceanne Iradukunda

Oceanne Iradukunda (an haife ta a ranar 11 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta 1996) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta ƙasar Rwanda, darektan fina-finai, kuma marubuci. An haife ta kuma ta girma a Rwanda, kuma a halin yanzu tana zaune a Los Angeles, California .  laƙabi, Belle, ta karɓa daga fina-finai kamar Rayuwa tare da Matattu, Har zuwa Mutuwa Za Mu Baya, da Shifty Business.

## Sana'a
bayyana a cikin jerin Shirye-shiryen talabijin na wasan kwaikwayo na Hollywood na Tyler Perry mai taken, *Sistas*, wanda aka nuna a talabijin a BET daga 23 ga Oktoba, 2019, yana taka rawar mai jira.  cikin 2020, ta rubuta kuma ta ba da umarnin fim din, Na gode don Ƙarfafa Ni.

## Hotunan fina-finai

### Fina-finai

### Talabijin

## Rashin jituwa
watan Maris na shekara ta 2018, The New Times of Rwanda ta ba da rahoton cewa 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta zargi babban mai shirya bikin bikin tufafin kasa da kasa na Kigali, John Bunyeshuli, da zargin satar ainihin ra'ayinta.

## Manazarta
Samuel Ishimwe

**
**Samuelhimwe Karemangingo*' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1991), ɗan fim ne na ƙasar [[Ruwanda|Rwandan]] .   fi saninsa da darektan gajeren fim din *Imfura*, inda ya zama mai shirya fim na farko na Rwanda da aka wakilta a Berlinale. Baya ga kasancewa darektan, shi ma mai daukar hoto ne, edita, injiniyan sauti, marubuci da furodusa.

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
An haife shi a shekara ta 1991 a [[Kigali]], Rwanda .  ta bar shi lokacin da yake jariri kuma ta rasa iyayensa da danginsa a lokacin kisan kare dangi na Rwanda.

== Aiki ==
B kammala karatun sakandare a shekara ta 2010, Ishimwe ya fara aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto da mai daukar hoto a 'Shat.com'.  A shekara ta 2011, ya yi ɗan gajeren fim ɗin *Biyan bashin* da aka nuna a bikin fina-finai na Rwanda . A cikin wannan shekarar, ya halarci bita na shirye-shirye a Uganda wanda Maisha Film Lab ya gudanar. Yayinda yake a Uganda, ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin furodusa a kan gajeren shirin Invisible souls . Daga baya a shekara ta 2011, ya shiga cikin wani bita na fim din da ake kira 'K-dox' wanda James Longley ya gudanar. A watan Yunin 2012, Ishimwe ya gama karatun watanni 3 a kan yin fim a Cibiyar Fim ta Kwetu . 'an nan a watan Satumbar 2012, ya shiga cikin rubuce-rubuce da kuma jagorantar shirin da ake kira 'A Sample of Work'.

Ya rubuta rubutun Crossing Lines kuma ya lashe lambar yabo a gasar rubuce-rubuce ta gida da Goethe Institut Rwanda ta shirya. Daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida kuma mai ɗaukar hoto bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Kasa ta Rwanda .  Daga nan sai ya tafi Switzerland don ƙarin karatu.  watan Yunin 2017, Ishimwe ya sami digiri na fim a makarantar Haute école d'art et de design (Geneva School of Art and Design-HEAD).

A cikin 2017, ya yi ɗan gajeren *Imfura'', wanda ke nufin 'An haife shi na farko'. Fim din yana magana  game da labarin da aka kafa a cikin kisan kare dangi na Rwanda. Ita ce samar da Rwanda ta farko da za a haɗa ta a gasar Berlinale Shorts .  gajeren  lashe kyautar Silver Bear Jury a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Berlin.

## Hotunan fina-finai

## Manazarta
Denis Nsanzamahoro

**Denis Nsanzamahoro** (ya mutu 5 Satumba 2019) ya kasance ɗan wasan kwaikwayo kuma Mai shirya fim-finai na Rwandan. Ya kafa kansa a matsayin daya daga cikin shahararrun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da masana'antar fina-finai ta Rwandan ta taba samu tun lokacin da ya fara aikinsa na sana'a a fim a shekarar 1999, bayan ya samu nasarar fitowa a fina-fakkaatan, daga mazauna yankin kamar Rwasa da Amarira y"Urukundo, *Sakabaka* da sauransu, da kuma tallace-tallace da yawa, Ya kasance sananne ga fina-fnan kamar 100 Days da *Wani lokaci a watan Afrilu*. Fim na karshe da ya fito a ciki shine Petit Pays, wanda Gael Faye ya samar a watan Yunin 2019.   mutu ba zato ba tsammani a ranar 5 ga Satumba 2019, saboda matsalolin Ciwon sukari.

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje
Anisia Uzeyman

**Anisia Uzeyman** (an haife ta Anisziya Uwizeyimana, Fabrairu 1975) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta ƙasar Rwandan  kuma marubuciya.  fi saninta a matsayin codirector tare da Saul Williams na fim din 2021 *Neptune Frost*  [1] An haife ta ne a Gihindamuyaga a Mbazi, Rwanda .

## Hotunan fina-finai

## Manazarta
Harshen muscogee

**Harshen Muscogee** ( **Muskogee**, ***Mvskoke***  a cikin Muscogee), wanda aka ambata a baya ta hanyar exonym, **Creek**,  yaren Muskogean ne wanda Muscogee (Creek) da mutanen Seminole ke magana,  da shine da farko a cikin jihohin Oklahoma da Florida na Amurka . Tare da Mikasuki, lokacin da Seminole ke magana da shi, an san shi da **Seminole** .

A tarihi, ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na Muscogee ko *Maskoki* suna magana da yaren a yankin da ake kira Alabama da Jojiya . Yana da alaƙa amma ba fahimtar juna tare da sauran harshen farko na ƙungiyar Muscogee, Hitchiti - Mikasuki, wanda dangin Mikasuki ke magana, da kuma sauran harsunan Muskogean.

Muscogee ya fara kawo harsunan Muscogee da Miccosukee zuwa Florida a farkon karni na 18. Haɗe da sauran ƙabilun can, sun zama Seminole . A cikin shekarun 1830, duk da haka, gwamnatin Amurka ta tilasta yawancin Muscogee da Seminole su ƙaura zuwa yamma da Kogin Mississippi, tare da tilastawa yawancinsu zuwa yankin Indiya .

Harshen yau kusan mutane 5,000 ke magana, yawancinsu suna zaune a Oklahoma kuma membobi ne na Muscogee Nation da Seminole Nation na Oklahoma .  Kusan masu magana 200 sune Florida Seminole. Masu magana da Seminole sun ɓullo da yaruka daban-daban. 

## Matsayi na yanzu
Muscogee ana magana da shi a tsakanin mutanen Muscogee. Ƙasar Muscogee tana ba da azuzuwan harshe kyauta da sansanonin nutsewa ga yaran Muscogee. 

### Shirye-shiryen Harshe

Kwalejin Muscogee Nation tana ba da shirin takardar shaidar harshe.   Makarantun jama'a na Tulsa, Jami'ar Oklahoma  da Glenpool Library a Tulsa  da Holdenville,  Okmulgee, da Tulsa Muscogee Communities na Muscogee Nation  suna ba da azuzuwan yaren Muscogee Creek. A cikin 2013, Cibiyar Jama'a ta Sapulpa Creek ta sauke aji na 14 daga ajin harshen Muscogee.  A cikin 2018, malamai 8 sun sauke karatu daga wani aji da al'ummar Seminole ta sanya a Kwalejin Jihar Seminole don gwadawa da sake dawo da harshen Muscogee ga ɗalibai a makarantun firamare da sakandare a makarantu da yawa a cikin jihar.

## Fassarar sauti
Ƙididdigar sautin wayar Muscogee ta ƙunshi baƙaƙe goma sha uku da halaye na wasali uku, waɗanda ke bambanta tsayi, sautin da hanci .  Hakanan yana yin amfani da gemination na tasha, fricatives da sonorants . 
## Manazarta
No-One (fim na 2018)

***Babu-wanda*** shine fim ɗin 2018 na Ƙasar Isra'ila-Ukrainian wanda Vladimir Prudkin da Lev Prudkin suka rubuta kuma suka jagoranta.   An fara fim ɗin a bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na Moscow karo na 40 a ranar 23 ga watan  Afrilun shekara ta, 2018.  Fim ɗin ya sami lambar yabo don Mafi ƙyawun Fim Cinematography a Vienna Independent Film Festival, Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin Fim a bikin Fim na Winchester da sauran kyaututtuka a bukukuwan fina-finai na duniya. An gabatar da shi a fim ɗin Marché du na bikin 74th Festival de Cannes a ranar 10 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2021.

## Taƙaitaccen bayani
Abubuwan ban mamaki sun faru a Crimea lokacin rushewar Tarayyar Soviet .

BABU WANI labari ne na ramuwar gayya na iyali wanda ya juya ya zama misali na dawowar wani laifi a tarihin har abada. Yana da wani sabon abu anti-version na Shakespeare's Othello, inda Renaissance characters da abubuwan da aka nuna a cikin layi daya gaskiya a Rasha a lokacin juyin mulkin soja na Shekara ta 1991. An maye gurbin Venice da Moscow, Cyprus - ta Crimea; Janar Othello na Venetian ya zama janar na 'yan sandan sirri na Rasha da kuma maƙarƙashiya Iago, ma'auni na Othello - babban ɗalibi, ɗan'uwan Janar na Rasha. Duk wannan a cikin wani bakon hanya yayi daidai da Shakespeare ta oeuvre, amma a wani lokaci abubuwan da suka faru da kuma halin dangantaka kamar dai instigated da irreistible sojojin na rabo, fara matsawa daga saba mãkirci. Babban hali shi ne ƙwararren janar ɗin da ke hidima ga ƙungiyar azzalumai da zubar da jini; Ba shi da wani ruɗani game da duniyar da ke kewaye da shi.

## Yin wasan kwaikwayo

* Slava Jolobov (Vyacheslav Zholobov) - Oleg Sergeyevich, Janar na KGB (Soviet Secret Service)
* Natalia Vdovina - Tamara, matarsa
* George Marchenko - Vlad, ɗan'uwansa, dalibi a wata babbar koleji
* Elizaveta Boyarskaya - Zina, abokin karatun Vlad, 'yar shugaban jam'iyyar Soviet
* Alexey Agranovich - Mataimakin Janar, Jami'in KGB
* Dima (Dmytro) Sova - Sasha, mai tsaron rai a bakin rairayin bakin teku a cikin Crimea
* Aleksandr Feklistov - Jami'in KGB, tsohon abokin Janar
* Lev Prudkin - Jami'in KGB a Crimea
* Edi Kvetner - Zhora, abokin karatun Vlad
* Sophia Kashtanova - Miranda, abokin Zina

## Kyaututtuka

* Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin Fina-Finan da Mafi kyawun Kyautar Cinematography a Bikin Fim na Vienna 
* Mafi kyawun Kyautar Fina-Finai a Bikin Fim na Duniya na Winchester 
* Mafi kyawun Daraktan Kyautar Fim na Harshen Waje a Bikin Fim na Yammacin Turai a Brussels
* Mafi kyawun Kyautar Wasan kwaikwayo na Asali a Bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na Fusion 
* Mafi kyawun Fina-finai na Ƙarshe a Bikin Fim na Nazarat a Isra'ila
* Mafi kyawun Zaɓaɓɓen Fim ɗin Fim a Burbank International Film Festival a Los Angeles
* Mafi kyawun Kyautar Fasahar Wasan kwaikwayo a Bikin Fim na Indie na Hong Kong
* Mafi kyawun Kyautar Fina-Finai a bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Seoul, Jamhuriyar Koriya
* Kyautar Kyautar Fina-Finan Fina-Finai a Austin International Art Festival, Amurka
* Kyautar Kyautar Fina-Finai Mafi Kyau a Sabon Wave Film Festival a Munich, Jamus.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* 
*
AFDA, Makaranta don Ƙarfafa Tattalin Arziki

**AFDA** wata cibiyar ilimi ce mai zaman kanta wacce ke ba da darussa a cikin fina-finai, talabijin, wasan kwaikwayo, haɓaka kasuwanci da fasaha, rediyo da kwasfan fayiloli, da rubuce-rubuce masu ƙirƙira. Yana da cibiyoyin karatun da ke Auckland Park, Johannesburg ; Observatory, Cape Town ; Durban North, Durban and Central, Port Elizabeth .  tana ba da manyan takaddun shaida, digiri na farko da digiri na gaba. Waɗannan sun haɗa da:

* Babban Takaddun shaida a Fim, Talabijin da Ayyukan Nishaɗi;
* Babban Takaddun shaida a Ayyukan Fasaha;
* Babban Takaddun shaida a Rediyo da Podcast;
* Bachelor of Arts (BA) a Matsakaicin Hoton Motsi;
* Bachelor of Arts (BA) a cikin Ayyukan Live;
* Bachelor of Commerce (Bcom)kasuwa da Kasuwanci;
* Digiri na Ƙarfafa Rubutun;
* BA Daraja a Matsakaicin Hoton Motsi;
* BA Daraja a cikin Ayyukan Live;
* Digiri na biyu a cikin Innovation; kuma
* Jagora na Fine Arts ( MFA ).

## Sanarwa na duniya
A karo na 33 na shekara-shekara na ƙwalejin ɗalibai, a cikin watan Yunin shekara ta 2006,  AFDA ta samar da Elani, wanda Tristan Holmes ya jagoranta, ya sami lambar yabo ta ƙasashen waje.   Bugu da ƙari, Ongeriewe an zaɓi shi a matsayin dan wasan ƙarshe a cikin Cour de Metrage kwararrun gajerun fina-finai a Cannes Film Festival na Shekara ta 2006.   AFDA cikakken memba ne na CILECT (Centre International de Liaison de Ecoles de Cinema de Television). Co-kafa AFDA kuma shugaban Mr. Garth Holmes yana cikin wa'adinsa na biyu na shekaru 4 a matsayin shugaban yankin CILECT na Afirka (CARA).

## Sanannen tsofaffin ɗalibai

* Michelle Allen – ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, mawaƙa / marubuci
* Munya Chidzonga – ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Zimbabwe, mai shirya fina-finai, ɗan kasuwa
* Shahir Chundra – jarumi kuma mai shirya fina-finai
* Christopher-Lee Dos Santos - darekta
* Vuyo Dabula – actor
* Nosipho Dumisa – darekta kuma marubucin allo
* Leroy Gopal - ɗan wasan kwaikwayo kuma ɗan wasan barkwanci
* Daryne Joshua - mai shirya fina-finai
* Jonathan Liebesman - darekta
* Eric Macheru - actor
* Khanya Mkangisa - actress
* Thapelo Mokoena - actor
* Preshanthan Moodley - darekta, furodusa, marubuci
* Jamie Dɗaukaray - mai daukar hoto
* Riky Rick - mawaki
* Shekhinah (singer) - singer
* Ofentse Mwase - Mai daukar hoto, Darakta kuma Dan wasan barkwanci
* Mapula Mafole, actress

## Manazarta

### Sources

* SAQA
* http://alumni.afda.co.za/#iloveafda
* Labarai Duk : AFDA
* AFDA | Educartis Educartis. An dawo da 29 Yuli 2018.

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* AFDA website
Yves Montand Niyongabo

**Yvesontand Niyongabo** shi ne darektan fina-finai na Rwanda .

## Tarihi
An haifi Yves kuma ta girma a Burundi. Daga ba ya koma Rwanda inda ya bar doka don yin fim. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai tsara samarwa don fim din Munyurangabo na 2017.  cikin 2010 an zaɓi Yves don bitar fim ɗin da CPH:Dox ta shirya a Denmark.

## Hotunan fina-finai

* *Maibobo* - 2010.
* Land - 2012
* *Giti - Aljanna a Jahannama* - 2014 [1]
* Invincible - 2014 [1] [2]
* *Munyurangabo* - 2017 [1]

## Kyaututtuka

* Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Francophonie (OIF) Kyauta, 2013.
* Institut, Kyautar Mawallafi Mafi Kyawu, 2013.

## Manazarta
Alaa Eddine Aljem

**Alaa Eddine Aljem** (Arabic) , darektan Maroko ne  kuma marubuci. 

## Tarihin rayuwa
Aljem ta kammala karatu a Makarantar Fasaha ta Marrakech (ESAV Marrakechi). Ya kuma yi karatu a Institut National Supérieur des Arts du Spectacle et des Techniques de Diffusion (INSAS) a Brussels don digiri na biyu a cikin jagora, samarwa da rubutun allo. Bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin marubuci da mataimakin darektan fina-finai da talabijin, ya kafa kamfanin samar da fim din Le Moindre Geste a Casablanca tare da furodusa Francesca Duca . 

Ya fara aikinsa a matsayin darektan tare da gajeren fina-finai uku. A shekara ta 2015, ya ba da umarnin gajeren fim din fiction Les poissons du désert, wanda ya lashe Grand Prize for Best Short Film, kyautar masu sukar da kuma kyautar fim a bikin fina-finai na Morocco .  

A shekara ta 2016, Screen International Magazine ta zaba shi a matsayin daya daga cikin taurari biyar masu tasowa na Duniyar Larabawa.  

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2019, fim dinsa na farko, Le Miracle du Saint Inconnu, wani hadin gwiwar Franco-Moroccan,   an nuna shi a mako na masu sukar fim na Cannes. An zabi fim din don Caméra d'Or kuma an nuna shi a bukukuwa da yawa a Turai, Amurka, Asiya da Ostiraliya.  din  kuma sami karbuwa sosai daga masu sukar  da jama'a kuma an zaba shi don wakiltar Morocco a Oscars a 2021.

## Hotunan fina-finai

### Hotuna masu ban sha'awa

* 2019: *[[The Unknown Saint|Mai Tsarki da ba a sani ba]]*

### Gajeren fina-finai

* 2008: Alaa's Ritual (Alaa's Rital) *Al'adar Alaa (Al'adar Alawa) *
* 2009: *Ilimi na Kasa*
* 2011: *Kyauta*
* 2013: *Hannun Na Uku (Babban na Uku) * 
* 2015: **'Kifi na hamada) **'

## Manazarta
Daoud Aolad-Syad

**Daoud Aoula**d-Syad (Arabic; an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 1953, a Marrakech) ɗan ƙasar Maroko ne mai ɗaukar hoto,   darektan fina-finai,  kuma marubuci. galibi suna kewaye da Maroko [1] da mazaunanta,  an nuna su a cikin nune-nunen duniya. has been featured in exhibitions worldwide.

## Tarihin rayuwa.
Yayinda yake karatu don digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar lissafi a Jami'ar Nancy, ya zama mai sha'awar daukar hoto. Bayan nune-nunen da yawa, ya fara halartar bitar fim a École nationale supérieure des métiers de l'image et du son .  jagoranci gajeren fina-finai Mémoire ocre, Entre l'absence et l'oubli da L'Oued kafin ya yi fim dinsa na farko, Adieu forain a shekarar 1998.

## Hotunan fina-finai.

### Daraktan

* 1991: Memory ocre (gajeren fim)  
* 1993: *Tsakanin rashin zuwa mantuwa* (gajeren fim)  
* 1995: *L'Oued* (gajeren fim)  
* 1998: Farewell forain *Adieu forain*
* 2001: *Doki na iska* (Aoud rih)  
* 2004: *Tarfaya* 
* 2007: Jira ga Pasolini (*Fi intidar Pasolini*)  
* 2010: *Masallacin* (A *Jamaâ*)  
* 2018: *Muryoyin hamada* 

## Manazarta
Selma Bargach

'Selma Bargach*' 'yar fim ce ta Maroko . 

== Tarihin rayuwa ==
An haife shi a [[Kasabalanka|Casablanca]], Bargach ya yi karatun fasaha da fina-finai, musamman a Sorbonne a Paris. Ta sami digirin digirin digirinta tare da rubutun kan matsayin da rawar da mata ke takawa a fina-finai na Maroko, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Daniel Serceau]] .  Ta jagoranci gajeren fina-finai na farko a fim din super 8. Bayan ta koma Maroko, ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar darakta kuma ta zama manajan audiovisual a Kungiyar ONA.  ci gaba da jagorantar gajeren fina-finai.

Fim dinta  farko, The Fifth String, wanda aka saki a shekara ta 2011, an sadaukar da shi ga tafiyar wani saurayi mai kiɗa. Ya lashe kyautar mafi kyawun sauti da kuma ambaton na musamman daga juri a bikin fina-finai na Tangier .  ila yau, ya lashe kyaututtuka a wasu bukukuwan, gami da Bikin Fim na Khouribga, kuma an zaba shi don Bikin Fim ɗin Kicheon a Koriya ta Kudu, Bikin Fim din Larabawa na Fameck, Bikin Fimmunan Larabawa na Brussels da Bikin Fimmuna na Cinéalma a Carros, Faransa.

Fim dinta na biyu, *Indigo*, ya kuma lashe kyaututtuka da yawa. Musamman, ta sami lambar yabo ta Paulin Soulong Vieyra African Critics' Award a bikin fina-finai da talabijin na Pan-African na Ouagadougou ([[Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou|FESPACO]]),  Kyautar fina-faran Afirka mafi kyau a karo na 5 na bikin fina-fukkin Afirka na Mashariki na Kigali,  da kuma Kyautar Mata mafi kyau a [[Festival du Cinéma Africain de Khoribga|Bikin Fim na Afirka na Khouribga]].  Yana  da labarin wata yarinya mai shekaru 13, Nora, wacce ke jin an watsar da ita, kuma wacce ta nemi mafaka a duniyar hangen nesa don tserewa daga zaluncin ɗan'uwanta.

== Fim ɗin ɓangare ==

=== Gajeren fina-finai ===

* 2004: Ba a sake ba (fiction, 10")  
* 2005: Lift (fiction, 23")  

=== Hotuna masu ban sha'awa ===

* 2011: The Fifth String (La cinquième corde)  *igiya ta biyar) *
* 2018: *Indigo'' 

## Haɗin waje

* 
* Shafin yanar gizon hukuma 

## Manazarta