Tsaro na aiki da ilimin kiwon lafiya

Tsaro da Lafiya na Aiki (OSH) shine matakin da mutane ke da ikon aiki don samun dama, sarrafawa da amfani da bayanan tsaro da kiwon lafiya na Aiki, ayyuka da ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don kawar da ko rage haɗari a wurin aiki.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
OSH shine acronym don aminci da lafiya na aiki. Wani lokaci ana kiransa kawai kamar kiwon lafiya da aminci (H&S), kiwon lafiya na aiki da aminci (OHS) da kuma aminci da lafiya a wurin aiki (WSH). A cikin 'yan shekarun nan kalmar ta fadada don haɗawa da ra'ayoyin tabbatar da muhalli da inganci. Ana kuma kiran OSH da aminci na aiki da lafiya da muhalli (OSHE), lafiya da mujallar (SHE), muhalli, kiwon lafiya da aminci (EHS), Muhalli da Ingancin Lafiya (SHEQ) da kuma wasu sharuɗɗa da yawa. Koyaya, OSH shine mafi kyawun lokacin da aka kafa kuma yawancin manyan hukumomin ƙasa da na duniya da ke aiki a fagen tsaro da kiwon lafiya na wurin aiki kamar OSHA da IOSH" id="mwDw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="NIOSH">NIOSH (Amurka), EU-OSHA (EU), ASEAN-OSHNET  (Asia), KOSHA  (Koriya ta Kudu) IOSH (na duniya).  Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UN),  Tsaro da Lafiya ta Ayyuka ta UN Global Compact,  Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya (ILO) Tsaro da Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO),  kuma suna amfani da kalmar OSH musamman idan sun shafi lafiyar wurin aiki da batutuwan kiwon lafiya. Ana amfani da kalmar musamman a cikin Manufofin Ci Gaban Dinkin Duniya SDGs 2030  a karkashin SDG 8 Kyakkyawan Aiki da Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki  kuma yana da alaƙa da SDG 3.

## Misalan
Ana iya samun misalai na ilimin OSH a gida a kan kayayyakin gida na yau da kullun: tsaftace sunadarai, kayan shafawa, kayan lantarki, kayan kwalliya na abinci, man fetur, fenti da magungunan kashe kwari a wuraren jama'a: filayen jirgin sama, manyan kantuna, wasanni da wuraren kide-kide, hanyoyin jama'a, makarantu da sauransu, da kuma a wurin aiki. ISO Standard 7010:2019 ya ba da alamun tsaro don dalilai na rigakafin haɗari, kariya daga wuta, bayanan haɗarin kiwon lafiya da kuma fitar da gaggawa. Ya dace da duk wuraren da ake buƙatar magance batutuwan tsaro da suka shafi mutane. Alamun tsaro, alamomi, sigina da ƙamus sun zama a ko'ina a cikin rayuwar yau da kullun, duk da haka ba a taɓa koya wa yawancin mutane yadda za a sami, ganowa, kimantawa ko amfani da wannan mahimmin bayani ba. 

## A cikin ilimi
Shekaru da yawa kungiyoyin kasa da kasa da ke da alaƙa da tsaro da ilimin kiwon lafiya kamar: ENETOSH,  OSH-Africa,  OSHA-EU,  OSHA,  IOSH,  WHO da ILO suna ba da shawara don samun aminci da kiwon lafiya a cikin ilimi.

Wadannan cibiyoyin suna nuna fa'idodin rayuwa, zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da kiwon lafiya da wannan zai iya kawowa kuma zai iya aiki a matsayin tushe don ilmantarwa na rayuwa. Ana iya koyar da shi azaman batun da ke tsaye ko kuma a haɗa shi cikin wasu batutuwa. Ana kuma ba da shawarar hanyoyin makaranta gaba ɗaya. Kodayake an gwada shirye-shirye da yawa, kamar yadda bayanan suka nuna, waɗannan ba su yi nasara ba. Malaman da suka riga sun yi aiki da yawa sun kasance ba sa son ƙarawa ga aikin da suka riga suka yi don bincike, tsarawa, koyarwa da kuma tantance batutuwan da ba su sani ba. Akwai gasa a kan shirye-shiryen da suka riga sun cika daga wasu sanannun ilimi masu inganci kamar su kudi, kiwon lafiya da ilimin kafofin watsa labarai.

watan Yunin 2022, Taron Ma'aikata na Duniya ya kara da Tsaro da Lafiya ga Ka'idodinta na asali da Hakki a Aiki. A sakamakon wannan yanke shawara, za a buƙaci dukkan kasashe membobin ILO su himmatu ga girmamawa da inganta muhimmiyar dama ga yanayin aiki mai aminci da lafiya, ko sun tabbatar da yarjejeniyar da ta dace ko a'a.
## Manazarta