Simonne Vidal

**Simonne Jeanne Myriam Vidal** (daga hagu)  ; 14 ga Fabrairu 1894 - 2 ga Yuli 1944) matar aure ce 'yar Faransa wacce mijinta masanin tarihi ne Marc Bloch . A tsawon aurensu, Vidal ya taka muhimmiyar rawa—a matsayin sakatare da kuma mataimakiyar bincike—a cikin aikin Bloch. Ta kuma kasance mai aikin sa kai a asibiti a Yaƙin Duniya na biyu.

An haifi Vidal a Dieppe a cikin wani iyali mai arziki na Yahudawa. A shekarar 1916, a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, ta yi aikin sa kai a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya. An yi mata ado saboda aikinta da fursunoni da 'yan gudun hijira. Vidal ya auri Marc Bloch a shekarar 1919, bayan haka ma'auratan suka ƙaura zuwa Strasbourg . An haifi dukkan 'ya'yansu shida a can. An bayyana auren Vidal da Bloch a matsayin mai ƙarfi da ƙauna. Ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatare na mijinta, mataimakiyar bincike da kuma mai tattaunawa, tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin aikinsa na tarihi.

Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ya sa iyalan Bloch suka ƙaura akai-akai a cikin Faransa. An gwada lafiyar Vidal mai rauni a waɗannan shekarun, kuma sau da yawa dole ne ta renon 'ya'yanta su kaɗai saboda yawan jama'ar da mijinta ya yi. A wannan lokacin, ta sake yin aikin sa kai a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a Paris . Lokacin da Faransa ta mamaye kuma Bloch ya shiga ƙungiyar Resistance ta Faransa, Vidal ya taimaka masa ta hanyar aika abinci da kayayyaki zuwa sansaninsa da ke Lyon. Lokacin da 'yan sanda suka kama shi, ta yi tafiya zuwa can, inda aka kwantar da ita a asibiti saboda cutar kansar ciki da ba a gano ba. Ta mutu a asibiti da sunan ƙarya makonni biyu bayan an kashe mijinta, kuma aka binne ta a wani kabari na gama gari. A shekarar 2024, an sanar da cewa za ta shiga Panthéon, tare da Bloch.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Simonne Vidal a Dieppe, a yankin Normandy na Faransa, a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 1894.  Ita ce 'ya ta uku ga Paul Vidal, injiniya mai nasara, da matarsa Alice Hirsch.    Iyalan Vidal wani ɓangare ne na masu ra'ayin jari-hujja na Yahudawa kuma sun fito ne daga al'adar injiniyoyi da masana'antun.   Yana da alaƙa da Dreyfuses .  An bayyana Simonne Vidal a matsayin wacce aka ba wa baiwa a fannin kiɗa da harsunan ƙasashen waje.  Lokacin da take da shekaru ashirin, a shekarar 1914, Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya ya ɓarke. Ta yi aikin sa kai a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a shekarar 1916, tana aiki tare da fursunoni da 'yan gudun hijira a Dieppe, kuma an yi mata ado don hidimarta. 

## Aure da Marc Bloch

Vidal ya auri Marc Bloch a birnin Paris a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 1919. Bloch ya dawo daga aikin soja a yakin duniya na daya watanni hudu da suka gabata. Ma'auratan sun yi wani biki na addini kwana hudu bayan daurin auren, a  .  Iyalan Vidal sun ba wa Bloch babban sadaki .  A lokacin kaka, ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Strasbourg bayan Bloch ya shiga jami'ar Jami'ar Strasbourg .  Sun zauna a Strasbourg na tsawon shekaru goma sha bakwai, kuma dukkan 'ya'yansu shida - farawa da Alice, wacce aka haifa a 1920 - an haife su a can. 

Ɗan Vidal na biyu, , ya bayyana mahaifiyarsa a matsayin "mai kula da gida mai kyau, tana kula da ƙaramar duniyarta da ƙwarewa da inganci". Ya bayyana haɗin kai da mahaifinta a matsayin mai ƙauna kuma ba ya karyawa.   Baya ga aikin gida na Vidal, ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin sakataren mijinta - tana rubuta rubuce-rubucensa - kuma a matsayin mataimakiyarsa ta bincike.  Tana raba abubuwan da yake so da yawa, da alama ita ce mai tattaunawa da shi da ya fi so.   Matsayinta a aikin mijinta ya fara ɓacewa.  A shekara ta 2005, Étienne Bloch ta rubuta: "Shin Marc Bloch zai zama babban masanin tarihi, wanda aka san shi a duniya ba tare da matarsa ba? Ina shakkar hakan." 

## Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu da Mutuwa
A watan Agusta na shekarar 1936, iyalan Bloch suka ƙaura daga Strasbourg zuwa Paris. A farkon wannan shekarar, bayan da Hitler ya sake mayar da Rhineland kan turbar soji, Marc Bloch ya raba wa Lucien Febvre damuwarsa game da zama kusa da kan iyakar Jamus. [1] A ranar 24 ga Agusta, 1939, mako guda kafin fara Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, an yi masa gangami a Alsace . [2] Saboda barazanar kai hare-hare kan manyan birane, Vidal da shi sun yanke shawarar ƙaura da iyalin zuwa ƙauyen Guéret, kusa da gidansu na ƙauye a Fougères. Gidan da ke Guéret bai da daɗi kamar yadda suka saba, kuma Vidal - wanda lafiyarsa ba ta da ƙarfi - shi ne ke kula da renon 'ya'yanta biyar a can, tare da taimakon wata mai hidima. [3] [2] Yankin ya fuskanci hare-haren bama-bamai masu tsanani bayan da Italiya ta shiga yaƙi da Faransa . [3]

A lokacin yaƙin, Vidal ta yi aikin sa kai na ɗan lokaci a wani asibiti a birnin Paris.   Lokacin da aka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta ta ranar 22 ga Yuni 1940, tana yankin da aka mamaye na Faransa, tare da ɗayan 'ya'yanta maza, domin ta dawo da surukarta a Marlotte ta kawo ta Guéret, a *yankin libre* . A kan hanyarsu ta dawowa, sun ga wani rukunin sojojin Jamus kuma aka tilasta musu komawa baya, daga ƙarshe suka zauna a birnin Paris na tsawon mako guda. A can, Vidal ya sami izinin Jamusawa ga kowa ya koma *yankin libre* .   Bayan Marc Bloch ya dawo daga yaƙin, iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa wani ƙaramin gida a Clermont-Ferrand, inda Bloch ya sami damar shiga sashen koyar da Jami'ar Strasbourg da aka ƙaura.  

## Hotunan Hotuna

Fayil:Birth_record_of_Simonne_Vidal_(1894-1944),_wife_of_Marc_Bloch.jpg|alt=Handwritten French-language document recording the birth of Simonne Vidal on 14 February 1894| Tarihin haihuwar Vidal
Fayil:48a,_allée_de_la_Robertsau,_Strasbourg,_France_(in_2013).jpg|alt=Brick building on a street corner with six stories| Adireshin farko na Blochs a Strasbourg, 48a Allée de la Robertsau
Fayil:59,_allée_de_la_Robertsau,_Strasbourg,_France_(in_2013).jpg|alt=Three-storied white building, surrounded by a hedge| Adireshi na biyu a Strasbourg, 59 Alée de la Robertsau


## Manazarta