open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Elena Ralph

**Elena Ralph** (    ,    ; an haife ta a watan Nuwamba 27, 1983) 'yar Isra'ila ce kuma sarauniya kyau wadda ta wakilci Isra'ila a gasar  kyau ta Duniya 'Miss Universe'.

An haifi Ralph a Donetsk, Soviet Ukraine,  wato ƙasar ukraine a yanzu wanda ta samu yancin kai daga tsohuwar daular soviet ga mahaifi mai bin addinin Kirista da mahaifiyarta Bayahudiya. 

Har wa yau Ralph ta lashe taken 'Miss Israel' a shekarar 2005 kuma ta cigaba da wakiltar Isra'ila a gasar kyau ta Miss Universe 2005 da aka gudanar a birnin Bangkok, Thailand . Ta zama ta goma a gasar da aka yi a gidan talabijin na duniya, wanda shi ne na farko da Isra'ila ta shiga tun shekara ta 2001. (Natalie Glebova 'yar Kanada ce ta lashe gasar.)

Ralph ta zo Isra’ila a cikin shekarar 2001 ita kaɗai tana 'yar shekara 18, a ƙarƙashin shirin Selah na Hukumar Yahudawa (Students gaban Iyaye), babban shirin ilimantarwa wanda ya dace da matasa baƙi, masu shekaru 17-20, waɗanda suka isa Isra’ila ba tare da iyayensu ba. Shirin ya ƙunshi koyon Ibrananci, Ingilishi, lissafi, al'adun Yahudawa da al'ada. Ralph ta karanci ilimin zamantakewa a jami'ar Tel Aviv  na ƙasar isra'ila kuma ta karanci kimiyyar siyasa da kuma jami'ar budewa ta Isra'ila .

A cikin shekarar 2009, ta kasance ƴar takara a farkon lokacin nunin gaskiya *HaMerotz LaMillion*,  ita da takwararta Miss Israel Liran Kohener sun zo a matsayi na 10.
Zaben kananan hukumomin Aljeriya na 1919

An gudanar da **Zaben kananan hukumomin Aljeriya na 1919** a Faransa Aljeriya a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba 1919 don zabar majalisar gundumom" a birane.

## Hukumar Zabe
An tuhumi hukumar zabe ta al'ummar Aljeriya a cikin wadannan zabukan da nada shugabannin kananan hukumomin musulmi a cikin al'ummomin 281 na cikakken atisayen a Aljeriya.

Sakamakon zaben wakilan musulmi na kananan hukumomi ya karu daga kashi daya bisa hudu zuwa kashi uku na daukacin majalissar dokokin sannan kuma aka samu karin adadin wakilan kananan hukumominsu da kusan kashi 65% daga 390 zuwa 1,540.

## Manyan kansiloli
* Mohamed Seghir Boushaki (1869-1959)
* Khalid bn Hashim (1875-1936).

## Duba kuma
* Koken 'Yancin Siyasar Aljeriya na 1920

## Manazarta
Jerin Sunayen Bincike

**Bincikawa** ko **bincike** na iya nufin:

## Fasahar kwamfuta

* Bincika algorithm, gami da binciken keyword
** Category:Search algorithms.
* Bincika da ingantawa don magance matsala a cikin basirar wucin gadi
* Fasahar injin bincike, software don nemo bayanai
** Binciken kasuwanci, software ko ayyuka don nemo bayanai a cikin ƙungiyoyi
** Injin binciken gidan yanar gizo, sabis na nemo bayanai akan Yanar Gizon Yanar Gizo na Duniya

## Kiɗa

* Bincika (band), ƙungiyar dutsen Malesiya
* " Binciken", waƙar 1957 wadda The Coasters ta fara yi
* "Bincike" (waƙar Baƙar fata ta Sin), waƙar 1991 ta Baƙar fata ta China
* "Bincike" (waƙar CeCe Peniston), waƙar 1993 ta CeCe Peniston
* " bincike '(I Gotta Find a Man) ", waƙar rawa ta 1983 ta Hazell Dean
* "Bincike" ( waƙar INXS), waƙar 1997 ta INXS
* "Bincike" (Pete Rock &amp;amp; CL Smooth song), waƙar 1995 daga Pete Rock & CL Smooth album *Babban Sinadarin*
* *Neman*, kundi na 2013 na Jay Diggins
* "Bincike", wanda 1980 ta Canji
* "Bincike", waƙar 2004 ta Joe Satriani daga kundinsa *Is There Love in Space?*
* "bincike'", waƙar 1981 akan kundi na Blackfoot 
* "Bincike", waƙar 1976 ta Lynyrd Skynyrd daga kundin *Gimme Back My Bullet*

## Talabijin

*  (jerin talabijin na Amurka), jerin 1972-1973 jerin talabijin na almara na kimiyyar Amurka waɗanda aka watsa akan NBC
*  (jerin talabijin na Koriya ta Kudu), jerin talabijin na Koriya ta Kudu na 2020
* "Bincike" (  Mai Ƙaunar), kashi na 150 na jerin talabijin na ABC *Masu Ƙaunar Matan Gida*
* "Bincike", kashi na uku na 1965 *Doctor Who* serial *The Space Museum*

## Ƙungiyoyi

* Society for Education Action and Research in Community Health, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta a Maharashtra, Indiya
* Nazarin Canjin Muhalli na Arctic, shirin bincike

## Sauran amfani

* Gay Search, ɗan gidan talabijin na Burtaniya kuma mai kula da lambu
*  (fim), wani fim mai ban sha'awa na 2018 na Amurka
* Neman (doki), dokin tsere
* Ka'idar binciken Bayesian, aikace-aikacen kididdigar Bayesian don gano abubuwan da suka ɓace
* Ka'idar bincike, a fannin tattalin arziki (mafi dacewa mai alaƙa da tsayawa)

## Duba kuma

* All pages with titles beginning with bincike
* All pages with titles containing bincike
* Nemo (rashin fahimta)
* Binciken (rashin fahimta)
* Mai nema (rashin fahimta)
* Masu Neman (rashin fahimta)
* Bincike (rashin fahimta)

### manazarta
Ta'aziyya

**Ta'aziyya** Na nufin jaje da akewa `yan uwan mamaci, Ana yinta bayan mutuwar mutum ta hanyar ziyarar gidan mamacin domin isar da gaisuwar mutuwar ga yan'uwa da abokan arziki na mamaci.

## Addu`a
Anayin addu'oi idan ga mamacin domin neman Allah Ya gafarta masa.

## Manazarta
Heinemann

**Heinemann** na iya nufin:

* Heinemann (sunan mahaifi)
* Heinemann (mawallafa), kamfanin buga littattafai
* Heinemann Park, wanda aka fi sani da Filin wasa na Pelican a New Orleans, Louisiana, Amurka

## Duba kuma

* Heineman
* Jamie Hyneman
Kwamitin Hajji na Indiya

**Kwamitin Hajji na Indiya** (wanda kuma aka sani da **Central Hajj Committee (CHC)**  ) wata hukuma ce ta gwamnatin Indiya wacce ke shirya mahajjatan musulmai zuwa Saudi Arabiya .  An kafa ta a karkashin *dokar kwamitin Hajji* a shekarar 2002.  Kwamitin yana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar kula da kwamitocin alhazai na jihohi kuma yana da mambobi 23, daga cikinsu 6 daga cikin kwamitocin alhazan Jiha ne suka zaba, hudu kuma sun kasance tsofaffin jami’ai, uku ‘yan majalisa ne, bakwai kuma gwamnatin tsakiya ce ta gabatar da su, sauran kuma sun fito daga jihar. wanda ke aika mafi yawan alhazai.  An bai wa Indiya adadin mahajjata guda 1,36,200 a shekara ta 2016, daga cikin tafiye-tafiye 1,00,200 da kwamitin alhazai ya ce ya shirya. Kwamitin ya raba rabon kason da aka ware bisa ga yawan al'ummar musulmi bisa ga kidayar 2011.
 

Al’adar shirya tattaki na addini da kwamitin alhazai ya samo asali ne tun a shekara ta 1927. Kwamitin ya shirya jigilar mahajjata ta hanyar ruwa kuma kwamishinan 'yan sanda na Bombay D. Healy ya jagoranta. An kuma gudanar da taron farko na kwamitin a ranar 14 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta 1927.  Kafin dokar kwamitin *Hajji* *ta 2002*, yunƙurin farko na ba da izini ga kwamitin bisa doka ta Biritaniya ne wanda ya zartar da dokar *kwamitocin Port Hajj* a shekara t 1932 kuma daga baya a 1959, lokacin da Jawahar Lal Nehru ya jagoranci Gwamnati. 

## Wurin zama na Rubath na Nizam
Kamfanin Nizam na Hyderabad ya sayi katafaren gida domin alhazai daga kasar mahaifarshi don zama kyauta a lokacin ziyarar su a Makka. Gwamnatin Telangana ta gudanar da gasar zane-zane don zabar wadanda suka yi nasara da suka samu zama a cikin Rubath(gidan kyauta).    Da farko akwai gine-gine 42, amma ma'aurata ne kawai suka rage bayan faɗaɗa babban masallacin Makka.

## Duba kuma

* Hajjin tallafin 3588-2-0

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* 
* Dokar Kwamitin Hajji, 2002
EarthRights International

**EarthRights International** ( **ERI** ) ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam ce mai zaman kanta da kuma kare muhalli wacce Katie Redford, Ka Hsaw Wa, da Tyler Giannini suka kafa a shekarar 1995.

## lamuran

* *Duk v.* *Unocal Corp.*
* *Wata v.* *Abubuwan da aka bayar na Royal Dutch Shell Co., Ltd.*
* *Duk v.* *Chiquita Brands International*

## Manazarta
 
## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*
Front Line Defenders

**Front Line Defenders**, ko **The International Foundation for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders**, ƙungiya ce mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam ta Irish da aka kafa a Dublin, Ireland a cikin 2001 don kare wadanda ke aiki ba tare da tashin hankali ba don kare haƙƙin ɗan adam na wasu kamar yadda aka zayyana a cikin Sanarwar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Duniya.

## Tarihi
Mary Lawlor, tsohuwar darekta ce aSashen ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam ta Amnesty International na Irish ne ta kafa kungiyar tare da gudummawar dalar Amurka miliyan 3 daga dan kasuwa kuma mai ba da agaji Denis O'Brien . Front Line Defenders suna da matsayi na musamman na shawarwari tare da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Tattalin Arziki da Zamantakewa, kuma suna da Matsayin Masu Sa ido a Hukumar Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam da Jama'ar Afirka .

A cikin 2006 Front Line Defenders sun kafa ofishin Tarayyar Turai a Brussels .

Masu kare layi na gaba sun sami lambar yabo ta King Baudouin International Development Prize a cikin 2007 da lambar yabo ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a fagen kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a cikin 2018. A ranar 3 ga Yuli, 2014, Jakadan Faransa a Ireland, Mista Jean-Pierre Thebault, ya mika wa Lawlor da odar Chevalier of the Legion of Honor, a madadin gwamnatin Faransa.

Gaba ɗayan manufar Defenders na Front Line ita ce baiwa masu kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, a matsayin manyan wakilai na canjin zamantakewa, su ci gaba da aikinsu ba tare da haɗarin tsangwama, tsoratarwa ko kamawa ba.

## Sanannen aiki
A cikin Oktoba 2021, Front Line Defenders sun sami shaidar cewa wasu ƴan Falasdinawa da ke cikin kungiyoyin kare haƙƙin bil'adama da Isra'ila ta haramta, an yi niyya ta hanyar leken asiri ta kamfanin fasahar Isra'ila, NSO Group.

## Kyautar Masu Kare Layin Gaba don Masu Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam a Hatsari
A cikin 2005 an kafa wannan lambar yabo, wanda bisa ga gidan yanar gizon ƙungiyoyin ana ba da kyauta ga mai kare hakkin dan adam "wanda ta hanyar ayyukan da ba na tashin hankali ba, yana ba da ƙarfin gwiwa yana ba da babbar gudummawa ga haɓakawa da kare haƙƙin ɗan adam na wasu, galibi a cikin babban sirri. kasadar kansu". Kyautar ta jawo hankalin duniya game da dalilin da ya samu, da kuma kyautar tsabar kuɗi 15,000.

Waɗanda suka samu wannan lambar yabo tun da aka kafa ta sune kamar haka:

* 2005 – Mudawi Ibrahim Adam, Sudan
* 2006 - Ahmadjan Madmarov, Uzbekistan
* 2007 – Gégé Katana, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo
* 2008 – Anwar al-Bunni, Syria
* 2009 - Yuri Melini, Guatemala
* 2010 – Soraya Rahim Sobhrang, Afghanistan
* 2011 - Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Wayar hannu, Tarayyar Rasha
* 2012 – Razan Ghazzawi, Syria
* 2013 – Biram Dah Abeid, Mauritania
* 2014 – SAWERA – Society for Appraisal and Women Epowerment in Rural Areas, Pakistan
* 2015 - Guo Feixiong, sunan alkalami don Yang Maodong, China 
* 2016 – Ana Mirian Romero, Honduras 
* 2017 - Emil Kurbedinov, Crimea 
* 2018 – Nurcan Baysal, Turkiyya

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Gidan Yanar Gizo na Front Line Defenders
* Kungiyar Masu Tallafin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Duniya
Ginin Bankin Union (Legas)

**Bankin Union** shine gini mafi girma a Legas .  Hasumiyar lamba Ashirin da uku tana aiki a matsayin hedkwatar bankin Tarayyar Najeriya.

## Duba kuma

* Zane da ginin sama
* Jerin gine-gine mafi tsayi a Afirka

## Ebenside
Forest Peoples Programme

**Forest Peoples Programme** **Shirin Jama'ar dazuzzuka** (FPP) yana ba da shawarar wani sabon hangen nesa na yadda yakamata a gudanar da sarrafa gandun daji, bisa mutunta haƙƙoƙin mutanen da suka fi sanin su. FPP tana aiki tare da al'ummomin gandun daji a Kudancin Amirka, Afirka, da Asiya, don taimaka musu su sami ' yancinsu, gina ƙungiyoyin kansu da yin shawarwari da gwamnatoci da kamfanoni kan yadda za a iya samun ci gaban tattalin arziƙi da kiyayewa a ƙasashensu.
Dazuzzuka sun rufe kashi 31% na yawan faɗin duniya. Daga cikin wannan, 12% an keɓe su don kiyaye bambancin halittu kuma kusan duka suna zaune. Yawancin al'ummomin da ke zaune a ciki kuma suna da haƙƙin al'ada ga dazuzzuka, sun haɓaka hanyoyin rayuwa da ilimin gargajiya waɗanda suka dace da yanayin dazuzzukansu.  Amma duk da haka, manufofin gandun daji yawanci suna ɗaukar gandun daji a matsayin wuraren da babu kowa a cikin jihar kuma ana samun su don 'ci gaba' - mulkin mallaka, katako, gonaki, madatsun ruwa, ma'adinai, rijiyoyin mai, bututun iskar gas da kasuwancin noma. Wadannan mamayewa sukan tilastawa mutanen dazuzzuka daga gidajensu na dazuzzuka. Yawancin tsare-tsaren kiyayewa don kafa gandun daji kuma suna hana haƙƙin jama'ar gandun daji.  

## Tarihi
An kafa Shirin Jama'ar Daji (FPP) a cikin 1990 don mayar da martani ga rikicin dazuzzuka, musamman don tallafawa gwagwarmayar ƴan asalin daji na kare filayensu da rayuwarsu. Ya yi rajista a matsayin mai kare hakkin ɗan adam mai zaman kansa Dutch Stichting a cikin 1997, sannan daga baya, a cikin 2000, a matsayin ƙungiyar agaji ta Burtaniya, No. 1082158 da kamfani iyakance ta garanti (England & Wales) Reg. No. 3868836, tare da ofishi mai rijista a Burtaniya .

FPP ta mayar da hankali, a farkon, ya fito ne daga gwaninta da alaƙa da ƙananan ƙungiyar kafa ta ke da takamaiman al'ummomi, musamman a cikin Guyana da a Kudu da Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya. Shirin Jama'ar Daji ya girma ya zama ƙungiya mai mutuntawa kuma mai nasara wacce a yanzu ke aiki a kusa da bel ɗin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi inda yake aiki don cike giɓin da ke tsakanin masu tsara manufofi da mutanen gandun daji. Ta hanyar bayar da shawarwari, ayyuka masu amfani da haɓaka iya aiki, FPP tana goyan bayan mutanen gandun daji don magance ikon waje kai tsaye, na yanki, na ƙasa, da na duniya waɗanda ke tsara rayuwarsu da makomarsu. Shirin Jama'ar Daji ya ba da gudummawa, kuma yana ci gaba da tallafawa, haɓakar ƙungiyoyin ƴan asalin ƙasar wanda muryarsa ke samun tasiri da kulawa a fagen duniya baki ɗaya.

## Labarai
Shirin Jama'ar daji yana samar da ɗimbin wallafe-wallafe, gami da rahotanni, taƙaitaccen bayani, littattafan horo, takardu, ƙaddamarwa ga ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, kalamai, wasiƙu, buƙatun aiwatar da gaggawa, da kuma labarai.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Gidan yanar gizon hukuma
* Shirin Jama'ar daji a Babban Rajista na Ƙungiyoyin Sa -kai na Burtaniya
Cibiyar Shariar Muhalli ta Duniya

**Cibiyar Shari'ar Muhalli ta Duniya** (**CIEL**), ita ce sha'awar jama'a, kamfani mai kare muhalli ba dan riba ba wanda aka kafa a cikin 1989, a Amurka dan ƙarfafa ƙa'idodin muhalli na duniya da kwatanci da manufofi a duniya. Tare da ofisoshi a Washington, DC da Geneva, Switzerland, CIEL ta ma'aikatan na ƙasa da ƙasa lauyoyin samar da shari'a shawara da shawarwari, siyasa bincike da kuma iya aiki a cikin yankunan da biodiversity, sunadarai, sauyin yanayi, ƴancin ɗan adam da muhalli, ƙasa da ƙasa kudyi cibiyoyin, doka da kuma al'ummomi, robobi, da kasuwanci da ci gaba mai dorewa. Carroll Muffett shine shugaban kaysa na yanzu.

An haɗa CIEL azaman ƙungiyar sa-kai ta Amurka wacce IRS ta ayyana a matsayin sadaka ta 501(c)(3) mara haraji.  

## Yankunan Mai da hankali.
Aikin CIEL ya kasu kashi uku: Climate & Energy; Lafiyar Muhalli; da Jama'a, Ƙasa, da Albarkatu.

Ƙungiyar ta fitar da rahotanni da dama: Hayaƙi da Hayaƙi    sun yi nazari kan ƙoƙarin masana'antar mai da iskar gas don ba da kuɗin kimiyya da farfagandar ƙaryar yanayi, kuma a kai a kai ana ambaton su a cikin shari'ar yanayi a kan manyan carbon. Jerin ƙungiyar na Filastik da Yanayi, da Filastik da Lafiya  na ci gaba da nunawa a cikin wallafe-wallafen da ke neman bayyana tasirin rikicin filastik akan lafiya, yanayi, da muhalli.Tun daga shekarar 2020, ƙungiyar ta fitar da rahotannin da suka yi nazari kan kokarin masana'antar mai, iskar gas, da kuma petrochemical na yin amfani da -19, don amfanin kansu.

## Internships da zumunci.
CIEL tana ba da shirin horo / waje / zumunci.  A cikin shekaru 30, CIEL ta horar da fiye da 350, interns daga ƙasashe 53.

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje.

* Shafin Gida na CIEL
Wiley-Blackwell

**Wiley-Blackwell** kamfanin wallafa littattafai ce ta kasa da kasa na kimiyya, fasaha, likitanci, da kasuwancin wallafe-wallafe na John Wiley &amp;amp; Sons. An kafa ta ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar John Wiley & Sons Global Scientific, Technical, and Medical Business tare da Blackwell Publishing a 2007. 

Wiley-Blackwell yanzu tambari ce da ke buga fagagen ilimi da ƙwararrun ayyuka iri-iri, gami da ilmin halitta, likitanci, kimiyyar jiki, fasaha, kimiyyar zamantakewa, da ɗan adam. 

## Tarihin kowane zamani na Blackwell Publishing
An kafa kamfanin Blackwell Publishing  ne ta hanyar haɗin 2001 na kamfanonin wallafe-wallafen na Oxford guda biyu, Blackwell Science (wanda aka kafa 1939 a matsayin Blackwell Scientific Publishing) da Blackwell Publishers (wanda aka kafa 1922 a matsayin Basil Blackwell & Mott, Blackwell Publishers daga 1926), waɗanda suka samo asali a ciki. kantin litattafai na iyali na Blackwell da kasuwancin bugawa na karni na sha tara. Haɗin ya haifar da manyan mwallafan al'umma masu ilimi a duniya. Daga nan sai ƙungiyar ta sami BMJ Books daga Ƙungiyar Bugawa ta BMJ (mawallafin jaridar *British Medical Journal* ) a cikin 2004. Blackwell ya buga fiye da mujallu 805 da rubutu da litattafai 650 a cikin 2006, a cikin fannoni daban-daban na ilimi, likitanci, da ƙwararru. 

A ranar 17 ga Nuwamba, 2006, John Wiley &amp;amp; Sons sun sanar da cewa sun "shiga wata yarjejeniya mai mahimmanci don siyan" Blackwell Publishing.  An kammala siyayyen ne a watan Fabrairun 2007, akan farashin sayan fam miliyan 572. An haɗe Blackwell Publishing cikin Kasuwancin Kimiyya, Fasaha, da Kiwon Lafiyar Duniya na Wiley don ƙirƙirar Wiley-Blackwell.  Daga watan Yuni 30, 2008, an ba da mujallu a baya akan Blackwell Synergy ta Wiley InterScience .

## Rigima

A cikin watan Afrilun 2022 ne, mujallar Kimiyya ta bayyana cewa wani kamfani na Ukrainian, International Publisher Ltd., wanda Ksenia Badziun ke gudanarwa, yana aiki da gidan yanar gizon Rasha inda masana kimiyya za su iya siyan marubucin nan da nan da za a buga takaddun ilimi. A cikin tsawon shekaru 2 da masu bincike suka yi nazari, sun gano cewa aƙalla labarai 419 “sun bayyana sun yi daidai da rubuce-rubucen rubuce-rubuce waɗanda daga baya suka bayyana a cikin ɗimbin mujallu daban-daban” da kuma cewa “fiye da 100 daga cikin waɗannan takaddun da aka gano an buga su a cikin mujallu 68 da ƙwararrun mawallafa suka gudanar. ciki har da Elsevier, Jami'ar Oxford University Press, Springer Nature, Taylor amp; Francis, Wolters Kluwer, da Wiley-Blackwell." Wiley-Blackwell ya yi iƙirarin cewa suna nazarin takamaiman takaddun da aka gano tare da kawo musu hankali. 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin mujallun da Wiley-Blackwell ya buga

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*
Isah Chiroma

**Isa Hayatu Chiroma** an haife shi a ranar sha uku  ga watan Afrilu shekara ta alif dari tara da sittin da uku 1963). Masanin shari'a ne a kasar Najeriya kuma farfesa a fannin shari'a a Jami'ar Maiduguri. A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2018, Muhammadu Buhari ya naɗa shi a matsayin Darakta Janar na Makarantar Shari'a ta Najeriya. Ya maye gurbin Farfesa Olanrewaju Onadeko wanda ya yi shekara takwas. Kafin nada shi, ya kasance mataimakin darakta a makarantar *Yola campus of Nigeria Law School* daga shekarar 2011 zuwa 2016.
Ya zama Babban Lauyan Najeriya, (*SAN*) wanda aka zaɓa a taron zama na 133 a cikin shekara ta 2018.

## Tasowar sa
An haifi Isa Hayatu a garin Mubi dake ƙaramar hukumar Mubi ta Arewa a jihar Adamawa. Ya fara makarantar farko a shekarar 1970 a Mubi Primary School zuwa 1976 sannan ya wuce makarantar sakandare a *Government Technical School Mubi* a shekarar 1976 zuwa 1981. Ya samu digirin sa na farko a fannin shari'a a shekarar 1986, ya kuma yi digiri na biyu a fannin shari'a a shekarar 1991 a Jami'ar Maiduguri, sannan ya yi digirin digirgir (*PhD*). Inda ya sake karanta fannin Shari'a a 2005 a Jami'ar Jos.

## Aiki
Ya fara aiki a matsayin mataimakin lakcara (assistant lecturer) a tsangayar shari'a a jami'ar Maiduguri a shekarar 1988 yana koyar da darussan *administrative, constitutional, Islamic, policy and Human law, environmental law and Islamic jurisprudence courses* a shekarar da aka kira shi da matsayin *Bar* daga nan har lokacin da ya zama farfesa a fannin shari'a a shekarar 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban tsangaya ta kowa da kowa, Shari'a, shugaban Shari'a kuma shugaba a *Consultancy Services Centre* a jami'ar Maiduguri. Ya kafa da kuma daidaita shirin *Clinical Legal Education Program* kuma ya zama memba a Majalisar Dattawan Jami'ar, kuma memba ne a *Legal Practitioners*, *Privileges Committee for Selection of Senior Advocate of Nigeria* a Akadamiyya kuma memba ne mai shugabantar *Governing Council of Federal Polytechnic* Mubi, jihar Adamawa. 
Amma Fanni na musamman da yafi kwarewa shine *Environmental Law and Policy, Humanitarian Law, Human Rights, Access to Justice, Law and Development and Ethics in the teaching and practice of Law*. Chiroma ya kula da bincike da yawa dangane da yankin da yake sha'awa kuma memba ne a *African Law Association of Germany, Global Alliance for Justice Education, International Bar Association, Nigerian Institute of Mediators and Conciliators, Nigerian Bar Association, Society for Corporate Governance and Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators, Notary Public person*.

## Manazarta
Fatih Birol

**Fatih Birol** (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga Maris 1958, a Ankara) masanin tattalin arziki ne kuma kwararre a fannin makamashi, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Darakta na Hukumar Makamashi ta Duniya (IEA) tun ranar 1 ga Satumba 2015. A lokacin da yake jagorantar hukumar ta IEA, ya dauki matakai daban-daban na zamanantar da kungiyar kasa da kasa mai hedkwata a birnin Paris, ciki har da karfafa alaka da kasashe masu tasowa masu tasowa kamar Indiya da Sin da kara yin aikin mika wutar lantarki mai tsafta da kokarin kasa da kasa. don isa ga fitar da sifili.

Birol ya kasance a cikin jerin Time 100 na manyan mutane mafi tasiri a duniya a cikin 2021, mujallar *Forbes* ta ba da suna a cikin mafi yawan mutane masu tasiri a fagen makamashi a duniya kuma Financial Times ta gane a 2017 a matsayin Energy Personality na shekarar. Birol shi ne Shugaban Hukumar Ba da Shawarar Makamashi ta Duniya (Davos). Ya kasance mai yawan ba da gudummawa ga bugu da kafofin watsa labarai na lantarki kuma yana gabatar da jawabai masu yawa kowace shekara a manyan tarukan koli da tarukan duniya.

## Farkon aiki
Kafin shiga IEA a matsayin ƙaramin manazarci a cikin 1995, Birol ya yi aiki a Kungiyar Kasashen Fitar da Man Fetur (OPEC) a Vienna. A cikin shekaru da yawa a IEA, Birol ya yi aiki har zuwa aikin Babban Masanin Tattalin Arziki, rawar da ya taka a cikin rahoton da Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Duniya ta sanya ido a kai, kafin ya zama Babban Darakta a 2015.

An haifi Birol dan kasar Turkiyya a Ankara a shekarar 1958. Ya sami digiri na BSc a fannin injiniyan wutar lantarki daga Jami'ar Fasaha ta Istanbul. Ya sami MSc da PhD a fannin tattalin arzikin makamashi daga Jami'ar Fasaha ta Vienna. A cikin 2013, Kwalejin Imperial ta London ta ba Birol lambar yabo ta Doctorate of Science. An sanya shi memba na rayuwa mai girma na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Galatasaray SK a cikin 2013.

## Sauran ayyukan

* Gidauniyar Afirka ta Turai (AEF), Memba na Babban Rukunin Ƙungiyoyin Jama'a akan Harkokin Afirka da Turai (tun 2020)

## Girmamawa da lambobin yabo

## Manazarta
Okechukwu Ibeanu

**Okechukwu Ibeanu,**Farfesa ne a fannin kimiyyar siyasa kuma shi ne shugaban tsangayar nazarin zamantakewar al'umma a Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka. Ya kuma kasance mai ba da rahoto na musamman na Hukumar Kare Haƙƙoƙin ɗan Adam ta Majalisar ɗinkin Duniya kan illar zirga-zirgar haramtacciyar hanya da zubar da shara a kan hakkin bil adama.

## Ayyuka
A baya Farfesa Ibeanu ya kasance jami’in tsare-tsare na gidauniyar MacArthur mai kula da tsare-tsarenta na kare hakkin ɗan Adam da na yankin Neja Delta. Tsohon ɗan Jami'ar Majalisar ɗinkin Duniya, Tokyo, kuma ya kasance malami mai ziyara a gidan Sarauniya Elizabeth, Jami'ar Oxford, da Cibiyar Woodrow Wilson, Washington DC.

Farfesa Ibeanu ya yi rubuce-rubuce da yawa a kan yankin Neja-Delta da siyasar Nijeriya gabaɗaya, ciki har da *Civil Society and Conflict Management in the Niger Delta* (2005). Littafin nasa na baya-bayan nan mai suna *Oiling Violence* (2006) ya yi bayani kan yawaitar kananan makamai da kananan makamai a yankin Neja Delta.

Ya zuwa shekarar 2016 Okechukwu Ibeanu a hukumance ya naɗa ɗaya daga cikin kwamishinonin hukumar zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta kasa "INEC". A hukumance shi ne kwamishinan yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya.

## Manazarta
Mawallafan University of Wisconsin Press

**Mawallafan Jami'ar Wisconsin** (akan mata inkiya da **UW Press** ) gidan wallafa takaddu ce mai zaman kanta na jami'ar wacce ke buga littattafai da mujallu wanda akayi bita kansu. Suna buga ayyukan masana daga al'ummar ilimi na duniya; ayyukan almara, memoirs da wake a ƙarƙashin tamburan su, Littattafan Terrace; kuma yana hidima ga jama'ar Wisconsin ta hanyar buga littattafai masu mahimmanci game da Wisconsin, Upper Midwest, da yankin Great Lakes.

UW Press kowace shekara tana ba da lambar yabo ta Brittingham a sashin adabi, kyautar Felix Pollak na adabi,  da lambar yabo ta Four Lakes Prize a adabi. 

An kafa gidan jaridar a cikin shekarar 1936 a Madison kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin mambobi 120 na dagaƘungiyar Ƙwararrun Mawallafa na Jami'oin Amirka. An kafa sashin Jarida a 1965. Gidan Jaridar na ɗaukar kusan ma'aikata 25 na cikakken lokaci da na wucin gadi, suna fitar da sabbin littattafai 40 zuwa 60 a shekara, kuma suna buga mujallu 11. Har ila yau, tana rarraba littattafai da mujallu na shekara-shekara don zaɓaɓɓun masu buga littattafai. Jarida ƙungiya ce ta Makarantar Graduate na Jami'ar Wisconsin – Madison kuma tana hidima ga cikakkiyar manufa ta jami'a ta bincike, koyarwa, da wayar da kai fiye da jami'a.

## Rukunin littattafai
Tun lokacin da suka fara buga littafinsu na farko a 1937, Jaridar ta buga tare da rarraba littafai sama da 3,000. Jarida tana da lakabi sama da 1,400 a halin yanzu da ake bugawa, gami da:

* Littattafan ilimi: American studies and modern American history, African studies, anthropology, Classical studies, dance history, environmental studies, film/cinema history, gay & lesbian studies, modern European and Irish history, Jewish studies, Slavic and Eastern European studies, Southeast Asian Studies, and other subjects
* Littattafan yanki: Wisconsin, the Upper Midwest, and the Great Lakes region
* littattafai na gama gari:natural history, poetry, biography, fiction, food, travel.

A cikin shekara ta 2003, 'Yan Jarida sun sami kamfanin wallafe-wallafen *Popular Press*, wanda ya ƙware a cikin ayyuka akan al'adun gargajiya . 

### Fitattun marubuta da kyaututtuka
Manyan marubutan da Jami'ar Wisconsin Press ta buga musu litattafai sun hada da Rigoberto González, Edmund White, Lucy Jane Bledsoe, Olena Kalytiak Davis, Alden Jones, Lesléa Newman, Trebor Healey, Floyd Skloot, Kelly Cherry, Jorie Graham, da Michael Carroll. Har ila yau, Jarida ta buga sababbin bugu da fassarorin aiki ta Isaac Bashevis Singer, Leo Tolstoy, da Djuna Barnes .

Littattafai da marubuta da 'Yan Jarida suka buga sun lashe lambar yabo ta Littafin Amurka sun hada da Before Columbus Foundation, littafin Lambda Literary Award, littafin Sue Kaufman Prize for First Fiction,,  NEA Literature Fellowships, Guggenheim Fellowship,  Buga lambar yabo ta Triangle, da sauran karramawa.

## Sashen jarida

* *Arctic Anthropology*
* *Adabi Na Zamani*
* *Maido da Muhalli*
* *Jaridar Albarkatun Dan Adam*
* *Tattalin Arzikin Kasa*
* *Mujallar shimfidar wuri*
* *Luso-Brazil Review*
* *Monatshefte*
* *Jaridar Tsibirin Asalin*

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Jami'ar Wisconsin Press
Ayoka Olufunmilayo Adebambo

**Ayoka Olufunmilayo Adebambo,** Masaniyar kimiyya ce, 'yar Najeriya, kuma farfesa a fannin kiwon dabbobi da kwayoyin halittun haihuwa.  Ita ce mace farfesa ta farko a fannin Kiwon dabbobi da ilimin haihuwar su. A watan Satumbar shekarar dubu biyu da goma 2010, an ba ta matsayin *Fellow of Animal Science Association of Nigeria (ASAN)*.

## Aiki
Farfesa Ayoka ta fara aikinta ne a Jami’ar Ibadan a matsayin mai nuna bajinta kafin ta koma Cibiyar Bincike da Horar da Aikin Gona ta Jami’ar Obafemi Awolowo da ke Ile-Ife. Yayin da take a Ile-Ife, ta mai da hankali kan inganta nau'in alade don manufar kasuwanci. A shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da casa'in da uku 1993, ta koma Sashen Kiwon Dabbobi da ilimin kwayoyin halitta, Jami’ar Tarayya ta Aikin Gona, Abeokuta a kasar Najeriya. A halin yanzu ita mamba ce a majalisar gudanarwa ta Jami'ar.

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa
A cikin shekara ta alif dubu biyu da goma 2010, Ayoka ta sami lambar yabo ta *Fellow of Animal Science Association of Nigeria (ASAN)* tare da wasu masana kimiyya. An sanya ta cikin jerin fitattun matan Najeriya guda sha shida 16 a fannin Kimiyya da Bincike na Silverbird TV. Ayoka kuma ta sami lambar yabo ta Majalisar Biritaniya da Haɗin gwiwar *Commonwealth*.

## Wallafe-wallafe

* Application of principal component and discriminant analyses to morpho-structural indices of indigenous and exotic chickens raised under intensive management system
* Effect of crossbreeding on fertility, hatchability and embryonic mortality of Nigerian local chickens
* Genotype effect on distribution pattern of maternally derived antibody against Newcastle disease in Nigerian local chickens
* Effect of Chicken Genotype on Growth Performance of Pure and Crossbred Progenies in the Development of a Broiler Line
* Genetic Diversity of zyxin and TNFRSF1A genes in Nigerian Local Chickens and Nera Black Chickens

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
*Shafi, researchgate.com

## Manazarta
David R. Boyd

**David R. Boyd** lauyan muhalli ne ɗan ƙasar Kanada, mai fafutuka da kuma jami'in diflomasiyya. Shi ne Wakilin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na musamman kan haƙƙin ɗan Adam da muhalli.

## Ayyukan aiki.
Ya goyi bayan yarjejeniyar Escazu. Ya goyi bayan ƙarar da aka kai Jakarta Clean Air. Ya kuma yi kira ga ƙasashe da su daƙike ayyukan samar da kwal. Shi mai goyon bayan yaƙin. #1Planet1Right ne. Ya amince da yin Allah wadai da kisan Nacilio Macario. Ya gabatar da rahoto game da ƙarancin ruwa ga hukumar kare hakkin bil adama ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya.

## Ilimi.

Ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Alberta, da Jami'ar Toronto. Ya kasance babban darektan Ecojustice Canada. Yana koyarwa a Jami'ar British Columbia.

## Ayyuka.

* Why all human rights depend on a healthy environment, The Conversation, October 27, 2020.
* *The Rights of Nature* (ECW Press, 2017), ISBN 9781770412392
* *The Optimistic Environmentalist* (ECW Press, 2015),  
* *Cleaner, Greener, Healthier: A Prescription for Stronger Canadian Environmental Laws and Policies* (UBC Press, 2015).
* *The Environmental Rights Revolution: A Global Study of Constitutions, Human Rights, and the Environment* (UBC Press, 2012).

## Magana.
John H. Knox

**John Knox** shi ne mai ba da rahoto na musamman na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na farko a kan ƴancin ɗan adam da al'amuran muhalli da ke aiki daga shekarar 2012 har zuwa shekarar  2018. A halin yanzu Knox Farfesa ne na Dokokin Duniya a Jami'ar Wake Forest. Knox ya shahara matuƙa wajen kare haƙƙin ƴan adam tare da kula da tsaftar muhalli. 

## Ayyuka
*
*
* Farfesa Knox ya shahara sosai a duniya wajen aikan kare haƙƙin ƴan adam tare da yin aiyuka na musamman kamar haka
* (1994-1998) mashawarcin shari'a na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka; lauya a cikin aikin sirri, Austin, Texas.
* (1998-2006) Farfesa a Jami'ar Jihar Pennsylvania.
* (2002-2005) Aiki na doka tare da ƙungiyar muhalli a Arewacin Amurka.
* (2006-) Malami a Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Wake Forest.
* (2008-2012) Mashawarcin shari'a ga gwamnatin Maldives.
* (2012-2015) kwararre kan kare hakkin dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a fannin muhalli.
* (2015-) Knox ya zama mai ba da rahoto na musamman don kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da kare muhalli.

## Ilimi
Knox ya sauke karatu tare da girmamawa daga Stanford Law School a shekarar alif 1987 , kuma ya sami BA a fannin Tattalin Arziki da Turanci daga Jami'ar Rice a 1984. 

## Kyauta
A cikin shekarar 2003, ƙungiyar ƙasashen Duniya ta Amirka ta ba Knox lambar yabo ta Francis Deák, inda ta girmama shi a matsayin matashin marubuci wanda ya ba da "gudummuwa mai mahimmanci ga ƙwararrun shari'a na duniya." 

## Manazarta
HRC/RES/48/13

**HRC/RES/48/13** ː Haƙƙin **ɗan adam na samun tsabta, lafiya da muhalli** ƙudiri ne na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam (HRC), wanda ya amince da yanayi mai kyau a matsayin haƙƙin ɗan adam. An amince da shi ne a zama na 48 na HRC, wanda ke zama karo na farko da HRC ta amince da haƙƙin ɗan adam a cikin wani ƙuduri. Kungiyar da ta kunshi Costa Rica (Penholder), Morocco, Slovenia, Switzerland da Maldives ne suka gabatar da daftarin kudurin.  Kuri'ar ta amince da kuri'u 43, ƙuri'u 0 suka nuna rashin amincewa, sannan 4 suka ki amincewa ( China, Indiya, Japan da Tarayyar Rasha ). 

## Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya
Ƙudirin da kansa ba ya kan doka ba, amma yana "gayyatar babban taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don duba batun" (ƴancin ɗan adam na muhalli mai tsabta, lafiya da dorewa).

## Manazarta
Abdulrasheed Bawa

**Abdulrasheed Bawa** (an haife shi a ranar 30 ga watan Afrilun 1980), ɗan Najeriya ne mai bincike kuma jami'in tilasta bin doka wanda a halin yanzu yake aiki a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar Yaƙi da yi wa Tattalin Arzikin ƙasa Tu'annati wato (*EFCC*) tun a ranar 24 ga watan Fabrairun  Na shekara ta 2021. Ya maye gurbin Umar Mohammed Abba, shugaban riko na hukumar. Har zuwa lokacin da aka naɗa shi, ya kasance mataimakin babban Sufeto na hukumar yaƙi da cin-hanci da rashawa.
An naɗa Bawa a matsayin babban shugaban hukumar *EFCC* a ranar 16 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2021, a ranar 24 ga watan Fabrairu 2021 Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa ta tabbatar da shi a matsayin Shugaban Zartaswa a hukumance ya karɓi ragamar shugabantar hukumar daga hannun Mista Ibrahim Magu, tsohon shugaban riƙon ƙwarya a Hukumar.

## Rayuwar Farko
An haifi Abdulrasheed Bawa a shekarar 1980 kuma dan asalin garin Jega ne a jihar Kebbi.

## Karatu
Ya samu takardar shaidar kammala karatunsa na farko a Makarantar Firamare ta zamani a Birnin-kebbi a shekarar 1991, sannan ya samu takardar shaidar kammala sakandare a Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati da ke Owerri a cikin shekarar 1997. A shekarar 2001 Bawa ya kammala karatunsa na digiri a Jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo da ke Sakkwato, inda ya samu digiri na farko a fannin Kimiyya tttalin arziki ya yi digirin-digirgir a fannin harkokin kada da ƙasa da diflomasiyya duk dai a jami'ar dan fodiyo a cikin shekarar 2012; kuma a halin yanzu yana karatun *Bachelor of Laws* a Jami'ar London.

## Aiki
Abdulrasheed Bawa ya fara aiki da hukumar EFCC ne a matsayin mataimakin Sufeto (ADS) a cikin shekarar 2004. A watan Oktoban shekarar 2015 aka nada shi ya jagoranci binciken Diezani Alison-Madueke, tsohuwar ministar albarkatun man fetur da mukarrabanta. Yana daga cikin tuhumar da aka yi mata zamba, cin hanci da rashawa a hukumance, zamba a banki, halasta kudaden haram da sauran laifuka masu alaka da cin amana. Kuma shi ne Shugaban hukumar EFCC mafi karancin shekaru. Hukumar binciken manyan laifuka ta kasar Amurka (*FBI*) da hukumar yaki da cin hanci da rashawa (FINCEN) da Ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan sha da miyagun kwayoyi (UNODC) ne suka horar da shi.

## Zargin da ake tuhumarsa
A watan seftamban shekara ta 2020, wani gidan jarida mai suna  Peoples Gazette ya wallafa wani rahoto da ake zargin Bawa akan satar wasu motocin dake daukar man fetur kuma ya siyar dasu kuma duk da kasancewar shi shugaba a hukumar EFCC. Rahotan ya nuna cewa an kama  Bawa kuma ya kasance na tsare na wasu kwanaki domin bincike a lokacin mai kula da hukumar ta EFCC na rikon kwarya wato Ibrahim Magu

 Lokacin da aka gabatar da  Bawa a matsayin shugaban EFCC Bayan an cire Magu daga matsayin

## Manazarta
Samun Adalci

**Samun Adalci** ( **AJ** ). Kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ce da ta mai da hankali a kasar Najeriya kuma ta ke Legas. A cewar shafin yanar gizon su, "Ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin bil adama ce da ke aiki don kare haƙƙin shiga kotuna daidai da ba tare da nuna bambanci ba, faɗaɗa damar jama'ar da ba su da ra'ayi don yin adalci ba tare da son kai ba, kai hare-hare kan cin hanci da rashawa a harkokin shari'a, tallafawa gwagwarmayar shari'a. Mutuncin dan Adam da yada albarkatun doka da ke taimakawa wajen cimma waɗannan manufofi."  An kafa shi a cikin shekarar 1999, AJ na bin manufofinsu ta hanyar shirye-shirye masu alaƙa guda uku: Tsarin Shari'a da Tsarin 'Yanci; Shirin Samun Doka; da Shirin Albarkatun Shari'a. Suna buga littattafai, mujallu, da labarai don tallafawa aikinsu.  

## Abokan hulɗa
Samun Adalci ya kasance akai-akai tare da sauran ƙungiyoyin kare hakkin ɗan adam don neman takamaiman batutuwa. A watan Yunin shekara ta dubu biyu da goma 2010, Samun Adalci ya shiga tare da Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, da wasu kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam da dama na Najeriya wajen yin kira ga gwamnatocin jihohi da kada su dawo da aiwatar da hukuncin kisa na fursunoni.  A watan Afrilun shekara ta 2009, sun bi sahun Amnesty International da sauran kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na Afirka wajen fitar da wata sanarwa, inda suka yi kira ga gwamnatin Sudan "ta daina muzgunawa da kuma tsoratar da masu kare haƙƙin bil'adama da ma'aikatan agaji na kasa da kasa da kuma ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin bil'adama." 

## Kyauta da Ganewa
Samun Adalci yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka yi nasara ga 2009 MacArthur Award don Ƙirƙirar Cibiyoyin Ƙirƙira & Ingantattun Cibiyoyi. Ana ba da wannan lambar yabo ga ƙananan ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ke kawo sabbin hanyoyin magance matsalolin da suka daɗe. Kyautar da gidauniyar MacArthur ta yi, ya kasance ne don ganin an samu damar gudanar da aikin adalci na farfado da tsarin binciken laifuka a tsarin shari’ar Najeriya, da bincike kan mutuwar mutane da ake zargi. 

Samun Adalci kuma shi ne wanda ya lashe kyautar Gani Fawehinmi na 2010 don yancin ɗan adam da adalci na zamantakewa. Kungiyar lauyoyin Najeriya, wadanda suka dauki nauyin kyautar, sun yaba da samun damar yin shari’a bisa yadda suka ba da wakilcin shari’a, da kuma yadda suke gudanar da kararraki da bayar da shawarwari.

## Duba kuma

* Hakkin Dan Adam a Najeriya

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*
Bello Muhammad Bello

**Bello Muhammad Bello** Wanda aka fi sani kokuma ace inkiyarsa ita ce **BMB** (An haife shi ne a ranar 5 ga watan Janairu, shekara ta alif dari tara da sabain da shida miladiyya 1976). jarumin finafinai ne a masana'antar Kannywood. Bello ya fito a finafinan Hausa da dama. 

## Tarihi
An haife shi birnin Jos na jihar Filato, ranar 5 ga watan Janairu, shekara ta alif dari tara da sabain da shida miladiyya (1976). C.E yadade yanq harkan fina finan hausa na lokaci mai tsayi

## Fina-finai

## Manazarta
Kogin Jama'are

**Kogin Jama’are** wanda aka fi sani da kogin Bunga a ta inda ya fito, yana farawa ne daga tsaunukan dake kusa da garin Jos na Jihar Filato a Najeriya ya bi ta Arewa maso Gabas ta Jihar Bauchi da Jihar Yobe kafin ya haɗe da kogin Hadejia su zamo kogin Yobe. A baya-bayan nan dai an yi ta cece-kuce kan shirin gina madatsar ruwa ta Kafin Zaki a kan wannan kogin, tare da nuna damuwa kan illar ambaliyar ruwa da ruwan sha da hakan zai haifar.

## Manazarta
Gidajen Gwarimpa Estate

**Gwarimpa Estate** yankin gidaje ne na zamani da ke a a yankin Phase 3, a babban birnin Najeriya, Abuja.  Ita ce mafi girman gidajen haya a Najeriya da yammacin Afirka.  Manyan gidajen sun ƙunshi wasu kyawawan ƙirar gine-gine tare da hanyoyin sadarwa masu kyau da gidaje masu tsada. 

## Tarihi
Tarihin gidan ya samo asali ne tun lokacin gwamnatin marigayi Janar Sani Abacha, lokacin da aka gina shi. Gidan tun daga lokacin ya kasance yana bunƙasa tare da haɓaka a yawan jama'a.  

## Labarin kasa
Gidajen Gwarimpa na nan akan wani fili mai faɗin hekta 1090 tare da wuraren zama guda 7, waɗanda manyan hanyoyi suka keɓe. Rukunin gidaje na  Gwarimpa yana makwabtaka da Katampe da Jahi a arewa maso gabas, Kado a gabas, Jabi a kudu maso gabas da Life Camp a kudu. Yayin da a yamma da arewa maso yamma akwai Karsana da Dawaki & Kubwa. 

Manyan titunan yankin sun hada da titin Murtala Mohammed daga gefen arewacin gundumar da kuma titin Ahmadu Bello zuwa kudu. Akwai wata hanyar Ring 2 wacce ta hada Gwarimpa zuwa bayan birnin Abuja kamar Galadimawa. 

Manyan otal-otal a cikin rukunin gidaje sun haɗa da irinsu; Benysta Hotel Grarimpa, House 12 Studios da Suites, Blue Palazzo Hotel, Cuzzi, Sefcon Suites da Apartments, Starview Palace Hotel, Trafford Hotel, Purple Tulip Hotel, Frankeys Haven Suite da Sumed Suite Annex.

## Manazarta
World Heritage Centre

**Hedikwatar UNESCO**, ko **Maison de l'UNESCO**, gini ne da aka ƙaddamar a ranar 3 ga watan Nuwambar, shekara ta 1958 a lamba 7 Place de Fontenoy a birnin Paris,ƙasar Faransa, don zama hedkwatar Hukumar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al'adu ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ( UNESCO ). Gini ne da za a iya ziyartan shi kyauta. 

## Zane
Zane na ginin hedkwatar UNESCO shi ne haɗin gwiwar gine-gine uku: Bernard Zehrfuss (Faransa), Marcel Breuer (Hungary), da Pier Luigi Nervi (Italiya). Kwamitin kasa da kasa na gine-gine biyar da suka hada da Lucio Costa (Brazil), Walter Gropius (Jamus/Amurka), Le Corbusier (Faransa), Sven Markelius (Sweden) da Ernesto Nathan Rogers (Italiya), sun tabbatar da tsare-tsaren. Eero Saarinen (Finland).

## Bayani
Babban ginin da ke dauke da sakatariyar, ya kunshi benaye bakwai masu yin tauraro mai nuni uku. Don wannan an ƙara wani gini da ake kira "accordion" da ginin mai siffar sukari, wanda aka yi nufin wakilai na dindindin da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu .

Waɗannan gine-ginen sun mamaye wani yanki na trapezoidal na ƙasa mai , yanke a kusurwar arewa maso gabas na siffar madauwari mai siffar Place de Fontenoy. Yana da iyaka da hanyoyin Saxony, Segur de Suffren da Lowendal.

## Dangantaka da Faransa
Ƙasar da aka gina ginin mallakar ƙasar Faransa ce. Ta hanyar doka ta 22 Disambar, shekara ta 1952, an kuma ba da shi ga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje don sanyawa UNESCO.  Anyi wannan ta hanyar haya na tsawon shekaru 99, ana iya sabuntawa akan hayar da ba ta dace ba (faran 1000 a kowace shekara), kusa da ƙarshen yarjejeniyar. Bugu da kari, matsugunin wannan ƙungiya ta gwamnati a yankin Faransa ana gudanar da ita ne ta wata yarjejeniya ta hedkwatar da ke bayyana gata da kariyar ta. An sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar biyu a birnin Paris a shekara ta 1954, bi da bi a ranar 25 ga watan Yuni da 25 ga Yuli.  

Majalisar Faransa ta amince da yarjejeniyar ta wata doka da aka kafa a ranar 6 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1955,  ta ba da izini ga Shugaban Jamhuriyyar ya amince da Yarjejeniyar hedkwatar. Yarjejeniyar hedkwatar ta fara aiki a ranar 23 ga Nuwamba, 1955. An buga shi ta hanyar doka 11 ga Janairun  shekarar 1956. 

## Cibiyar Tarihi ta Duniya a Japan
A cikin Disambar, shekara ta 2017, 'Mt. Fuji World Heritage Center, Shizuoka' an bude shi a birnin Fujinomiya . Daraktan da aka naɗa shi ne Atsuko Toyama, mai shekaru 79, tsohon ma’aikacin ma’aikatar ilimi. Duk da wani gine-gine mai ban mamaki wanda shahararren masanin duniya Shigeru Ban ya tsara, Cibiyar Tarihi ta Duniya ta Shizuoka da sauri ta zama abin da ya fi mayar da hankali ga muhawara saboda biyu daga cikin biyar masu bincike sun bar watanni da yawa bayan bude aikin hukuma, suna nuna damuwa game da 'yancin ilimi da cin zarafi. Duk da ci gaba da cece-kuce, yankin Shizuoka da gwamnanta Heita Kawakatsu sun musanta aikata ba daidai ba. 

## Duba kuma

* Gidan Tarihi na Duniya

## Manazarta

## Littafi Mai Tsarki

* *Le Siège de l'Unesco à Paris*, gabatarwar Luther Evans, gabatarwar Françoise Choay, hotuna na Lucien Hervé, Gerd Hatje, Stuttgart, 1958.

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*
Kwano

**Kwano** ana anfani dashi wajen zuba abinci musamman tuwo ko fura, ko kuma ajiye wani abu, da dai sauransu. Akwai kwano na roba dana karfe dana tangaran.
Bello Turji

**Bello Turji Kachalla** wanda aka fi sani da **Turji** wani jagoran yan ta'adda ne a Najeriya wanda ya addabi yankin Arewacin Najeriya Musamman jihohin Zamfara, Sokoto da Neja. An haifi Turji a karamar hukumar Shinkafi, Jihar Zamfara dake Arewacin Najeriya a shekarar alif 1994. 

Turji ne wanda ya jagoranci wani gungun yan fashi a Zamfara wanda suka kai wani mummunan hari da yayi sanadiyar mutuwar sama da mutane 200 wanda galibin su mata ne da ƙananan yara (Kisan kiyashin Zamfara na 2022).

## Manazarta
Kunshi

**Kunshi** wanda aka fi sani da **lalle.** Mata a cikin al'ummar Hausawa su aka sani da yin kumshi wato lalle wanda har shari`ar musulunci ta halatta masu yin kumshi saboda kariya ne ga lafiyar su. Kuma ana yi ne domin ado ko kwalliya. Lalle yana da matukar amfani ga lafiyarsu saboda idan mace ta yi kumshi yana bin duk wata jijiyar jininta tun daga tafin kafarta har zuwa kwakwalwa. Lalle yana kariya daga kamuwa da cutar sanyi na mata wanda aka fi sani da [infection] sannan kuma yana daidaita wa mace al'adarta. Musamman wadda take yi mata wasa ko kuma takan dauki lokaci ba ta yi ba, kamar misalin masu yi sau daya a shekara ko masu yin wata biyu ko uku ba su yi ba. Irin wadannan matan idan har za su lizunci yin lalle a kodayaushe to insha Allah lalle zai magance masu wannan matsalar. Lalle ya kasu kashi biyu, akwai lallen gargajiya shi ne wanda muke magana akanshi akwai kuma [dyes] wanda aka fi sani da lallen daba na gargajiya ba, amma dukkansu ana yinsu don kwalliya ko ado na gargajiya. Irin wannan kumshin shi ne wanda musulunci ya halatta a yi.

## Manazarta
Liza

**Liza** na iya zama /koma was ko zuwa

* Liza (suna), gami da jerin sunayen mutane masu suna Liza
*  (kifi), jinsin mullet
*  (fim na 1972), fim ɗin Italiyanci na 1972
*  (fim na 1978), fim ɗin tsoro na Malayalam na 1978
* Guguwar Liza (raguwa), sunan guguwa mai zafi guda huɗu a Gabashin Tekun Pasifik.
* " Liza (All the Clouds'll Roll Away) ", waƙar 1929 ta George Gershwin, Ira Gershwin da Gus Kahn
* Zapadnaya Liza, wani kogi a arewacin Rasha kusa da Murmansk
* Liza Alert ƙungiyar sa kai mai neman-da-ceto

* Eliza (rashin fahimta)
* Lizza (rashin fahimta)
* All pages with titles beginning with Liza
* All pages with titles containing taken Liza
Badar

**Mullah Badar** ya kasance gwamnan lardin Badghis na kasar Afganistan a zamanin mulkin ƙasar Taliban .

Sojojin Tajik sun kama shi a cikin watan Afrilun shekara ta 2003.  
 
## Manazarta
Faranti

**Faranti**  ana anfani dashi wajen zuba abu mai yawa musamman abu mai gari faranti budadden abu ne wanda yake da fadi, haka ana amfani da faranti gurin zuba abinci musamman idan mutane da yawa zasu ci abincin su sashi gaba sukewaye suyi ta ci.
Folakunle Oshun

**Folakunle Oshun** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1984 a Ibadan ) ɗan Najeriya ne mai zane na gani na zamani kuma masassaki.  Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma darakta na *Legas Biennal,* wata kungiyar da ke ba da hanyar tattaunawa da bunkasa fasahar zane zane na Afirka.   An nuna ayyukan Oshun a cikin bukukuwan bajekulin gida da na waje da yawa.    

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Folakunle Oshun kuma ya girma a Ibadan Jihar Oyo, Najeriya. Ya halarci Jami'ar Legas, inda ya karanta BA a Fine Arts (2004-2007) da MA a Arts History (2008-2012).   

## Bajekuli
Zaɓabbun ayyuka

* *Afrique 2020* season a Faransa 2021
* Look at This Pinakothek der Moderne, Munich 2021. 
* *Museum of Hope,* Berliner Dom 2021   
* *<nowiki/>'How to Build a Lagoon with just a Bottle Wine?*' *Lagos* *Biennial*, Lagos (Nigeria) 2019. 
* *Living on the Edge, Legas Biennial*, Legas 2017. 
* *Dak'art 2016*  &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Duba wasu abubuwan

* Lemi Ghariokwu
* Ade Adekola
* Nengi Omuku

## Manazarta

## Hanya na waje
Cassia O'Reilly

**Cassia O'Reilly** (wanda aka sani da sana'a da **Cosha** kuma wacce aka fi sani da **Bonzai**  ) mawaƙiya ce kuma marubuciyar waka ce ta Irish kuma mawaƙiyar kiɗa.   

## asali
An haifi O'Reilly a Indiana, Amurka, kuma ta girma a Ireland, tsakanin County Wicklow da Dublin.  Mahaifiyarta Ba’amurke Ba’amurke mawaƙiya ce kuma mahaifinta ɗan ƙasar Ireland kuma makadi ne.  Ta koma Landan tana shekara 17. 

## Sana'a

O'Reilly ta yi aiki tare da Eg White, Mura Masa da Rostam  da Justin Raisen  kuma sun zagaya tare da Flume . 

## yawan kundinta

### waƙoƙinta

### Mixtape

### singles

#### a matsayin jagorar mai fasaha

* "I Did" (2016) (kamar Bonzai)
* "I Feel Alright" (2017) (kamar Bonzai) 
* "Do You Wanna Dance" (2018) (as Cosha)  
* "Luv" (2018) (kamar Cosha)
* "Flacko" (2018) (kamar Cosha)
* "No Kink in the Wire" (2020) (kamar Cosha)
* "Berlin Air" (2020) (kamar Cosha)
* "Lapdance from Asia" (2021) (kamar Cosha, yana nuna Shygirl )
* "Tighter" (2021) (kamar yadda Cosha, yana nuna Coby Sey)
* "Run the Track" (2021) (kamar Cosha)

#### mawakiyar hadin gwiwa

* "Idan na tafi?" (2016) 
* "Nuggets" (2017) 
* "Har Duniya Falls" (2018)  

### Ƙididdigar rubutun waƙa

* "Porsche" (2017) 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* 
*
Roblox

***Roblox*** wani ɗan dandalin free to play wasanni ne na yanar gizo wanda wasu Amurkawa (wato David Baszucki da kuma Erik Cassel) suka ƙirƙira a cikin shekarar (2004) kuma suka sake shi a shekara ta (2006).. yasamu karɓuwa a 

## Manazarta


## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*