Anatol Ugorski

**Anatol Ugorski** (: Анатолий Зальманович Угорский,  Anatoliy Zal'manovich Ugorskiy, 28 Satumba 1942 - 5 Satumba 2023) ya kasance dan wasan piano na gargajiya na Jamus da kuma malamin ilimi. Ya yi karatu a Leningrad Conservatory, kuma ya buga ayyukan mawaƙa kamar Schoenberg, Alban Berg, Olivier Messiaen da Pierre Boulez maimakon al'ada ga 'yan wasan piano na Rasha. Wani abin da ya faru a wani kide-kide na Boulez a shekarar 1968 ya sa hukumomin Soviet suka yi shakkar amincinsa na siyasa, kuma sun katse aikinsa sama da shekaru goma. A shekara ta 1982, ya zama farfesa a makarantar Conservatory ta Leningrad . Lokacin da 'yarsa ta sha wahala daga cin zarafin Yahudawa a shekarar 1990, iyalin suka gudu zuwa Berlin ta Gabas, inda suka zauna a sansanin 'yan gudun hijira na watanni da yawa. Irene Dische ta shirya masa don yin rikodin Beethoven's Diabelli Variations don Deutsche Grammophon a cikin 1991, wanda ya ƙaddamar da aikin yin aiki da rikodin. Ya zama farfesa a Hochschule für Musik Detmold, ya kasance a cikin mukamin har zuwa 2007.

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Anatol Ugorski a Rubtsovsk a ranar 28 ga Satumba 1942  a cikin iyali matalauta, yana girma tare da 'yan uwa biyar.  A shekara ta 1945 iyayensa suka koma Leningrad inda ya halarci makarantarsa ta farko, yana raira waƙa da wasa da xylophone. A lokacin da yake da shekaru shida, ya wuce zabin makarantar kiɗa ta Leningrad Conservatory, kodayake bai taɓa buga piano ba; ya yi karatu a can har zuwa 1960. Daga baya ya yi karatu tare da  har zuwa 1965. Yayinda yake dalibi ya ja hankalin mutane ta hanyar fassarar kayan gaba, maimakon abubuwan da aka saba da su da masu wasan piano na Rasha. A cikin USSR ya buga wasu ayyukan mawaƙa na Yammacin da ke da rikici kamar Arnold Schoenberg, gami da *Pierrot Lunaire*, tare da taimakon matarsa, Masanin kiɗa Maja Elik . Ya buga kiɗa daga Rashawa kamar su Sergei Slonimsky, Galina Ustvolskaya, Edison Denisov, Sofia Gubaidulina; Pole Witold Lutosławski;  da kuma Soviet premieres na kiɗa daga mawaƙa na Yamma kamar Schoenberg, Alban Berg, Olivier Messiaen da Pierre Boulez .  A shekara ta 1968, ya lashe lambar yabo ta uku a Gasar Piano ta Duniya ta George Enescu . 

A lokacin yawon shakatawa na Boulez a Leningrad a cikin kaka na 1968, a lokacin bude al'adu (ba da daɗewa ba bayan Prague Spring da mamayewar sojojin Warsaw Pact), an fassara muryar Ugorski a matsayin alamar siyasa. Rectorate ya kira shi kuma ana zarginsa da rashin amincewa da siyasa, saboda sha'awarsa ga Kiɗa na zamani na Yamma. An dakatar da aikinsa sama da shekaru goma kuma an tsare shi don aiki a larduna, a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa ga ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Young Pioneers . Kodayake an ba da izinin mawaƙa kawai su yi wa yara a makaranta na lardin kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na sirri a cikin Gabashin Gabas, an halarci kide-kide da kyau.

Irene Dische, marubuciya ta Amurka, ta yi sharhi: "A cikin wannan cikakkiyar 'yancin fasaha, ya buga wa kansa kawai".  Kayan kide-kide na solo ya zama sananne sosai. Ugorski ya gaya wa cewa ya yi mafi kyawun kide-kide na Scarlatti ga yara a cikin masana'antu na Asbest .   Sai kawai a cikin 1982, a ƙarƙashin matsin sunansa na fasaha, ya sami mukamin farfesa a Leningrad Conservatory . 

Ba kamar sauran Yahudawa ba, bai yi la'akari da ƙaura ba,  amma a cikin bazara na 1990 'yarsa Dina Ugorskaja, mai shekaru 16 kuma mai wasan piano da ɗalibi na Conservatory, ta sha wahala daga cin zarafin Yahudawa kuma ta ji barazana.  Iyalin Ugorski sun tsere ba tare da shiri ko takardu ba don Gabashin Berlin,  suna zaune a sansanin 'yan gudun hijira na watanni da yawa. Bayan Irene Dische ta ji shi yana wasa da Beethoven's Diabelli Variations, sai ta shirya masa ya yi rikodin su don Deutsche Grammophon a cikin 1991;   Dische ya rubuta bayanan layi don kundin. Ugorski ya sanya hannu kan kwangila na musamman tare da lakabin.

An ƙaddamar da aikin Ugorski na kasa da kasa a 1992 lokacin da yake da shekaru hamsin kuma nan da nan za a zama ɗan ƙasa. Ya fara kide-kide a cikin Milan Conservatory da kuma Bikin Vienna . Ya yi ko dai solo ko tare da ƙungiyar mawaƙa kamar WDR Symphony Orchestra Cologne, Czech Philharmonic, Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra a Amsterdam da Orchestre na Paris . Ya kuma yi wasa a kai a kai a manyan bukukuwa a duniya, gami da Bikin Salzburg na 1992, inda ya buga Diabelli Variations, sassan daga Messiaen's Catalogue d'oiseaux, da Schubert's Wanderer-Phantasie . 

### Rayuwa da mutuwarsa
Ugorski ta auri masanin kiɗa Maja Elik; an haifi 'yarsu Dina a 1973, ta yi karatun piano a Leningrad, kuma ta zama farfesa a piano a Detmold da Munich. Dina ta mutu daga ciwon daji a shekarar 2019. 

Ugorski ya mutu daga ciwon daji a Lemgo a ranar 5 ga Satumba 2023, yana da shekaru 80.   

## Rubuce-rubuce
Daga cikin mahimman rikodin Ugorski sune Messiaen's Catalogue d'oiseaux,  rikodin da ya sami lambar yabo ta *Echo Klassik* a 1995,  da kuma Scriabin's Piano Concerto in F-sharp minor, Op. 20, tare da Chicago Symphony Orchestra wanda Boulez ya jagoranta. Don wannan rikodin, an zabi Ugorski don Kyautar Grammy a watan Fabrairun 2000. A shekara ta 2005, shi da 'yarsa Dina Ugorskaja sun rubuta kide-kide don pianos guda biyu, Bach's Concerto for two harpsichords in C minor, BWV 1060, Mozart's Piano Concerto No. 10, da Shostakovich's Concertino in A minor, Op. 94.  A shekara ta 2010, ya buga Cikakken sonatas na Scriabin don Cavi-music . Wani mai bita ya lura cewa "daga sauƙin wasa a nan, kuna tunanin kuna sauraron matashi. Fassarar labari ne daban, kuma fahimtar Ugorski game da wannan kiɗa a bayyane yake sakamakon shekarun da suka gabata na binciken kusa". Ugorski ya kuma rubuta Piano Quintet na Shostakovich tare da Delial Quartet don Oehms Classics a cikin 2014.  An buga cikakkun rikodin sa na DG a matsayin saiti a cikin 2018.

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