Majalisar Tarayya ta Afirka

**Jam'iyyar African National Congress** ( **ANC** ) jam'iyyar siyasa ce da aka wanzar da ita a Afirka ta Kudu . Ya samo asali ne a matsayin ƙungiyar 'yantar da jama'a da aka sani da adawa da mulkin wariyar launin fata (Racism) kuma tana mulkin ƙasar tun 1994, lokacin da zaben farko bayan wariyar launin fata ya haifar da zaɓen Nelson Mandela a matsayin shugaban Afirka ta Kudu . Cyril Ramaphosa, shugaban kasa mai ci, ya rike mukamin shugaban jam'iyyar ANC tun daga ranar 18 ga Disamba shekara ta 2017. 

An kafa ƙungiyar ne a ranar 8 ga Janairun shekarar da alif ɗari tara da sha biyu 1912 a Bloemfontein a matsayin **Majalisar Wakilan Kasa ta Afirka ta Kudu**, an kafa kungiyar ne domin neman hakkin bakar fata 'yan Afirka ta Kudu . Lokacin da gwamnatin jam'iyyar ta ƙasa ta hau kan karagar mulki a shekarar 1948, babbar manufar jam'iyyar ANC ta zama adawa da sabuwar gwamnati ta tsarin mulkin wariyar launin fata . Don haka, hanyoyinsa da hanyoyin tsari sun canza; Ɗauke da dabarun siyasar jama'a, da kuma kumburin membobinta, ya ƙare a cikin Yaƙin neman zaɓe na rashin biyayya a cikin 1952-53. Gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta dakatar da ANC tsakanin Afrilu shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sittin 1960 - jim kadan bayan kisan kiyashin Sharpeville - da Fabrairu a shekarar alif ɗari tara da casain 1990. A cikin wannan lokacin, duk da yunƙurin sake farfaɗo da siyasar cikin gida, an tilastawa ANC yin gudun hijira ta hanyar ƙara danniya na gwamnati, wanda ya ga yawancin shugabanninta da aka daure a kurkuku a tsibirin Robben . Mai hedikwata a Lusaka, Zambia, jam'iyyar ANC mai gudun hijira ta sadaukar da mafi yawan hankalinta ga yakin zagon kasa da yakin basasa da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata, da aka gudanar a ƙarƙashin reshenta na soja, uMkhonto weSizwe, wanda aka kafa a shekarar alif ɗari tara da sittin da ɗaya 1961 tare da hadin gwiwar Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Afirka ta Kudu (SACP). Gwamnatocin Afirka ta Kudu da Amurka da Birtaniya sun yi Allah wadai da ANC a matsayin ƙungiyar ta'addanci . Koyaya, ta sanya kanta a matsayin ɗan wasa mai mahimmanci a cikin tattaunawar kawo ƙarshen wariyar launin fata, wacce ta fara da gaske bayan an soke haramcin a cikin shekara ta alif ɗari tara da casain 1990. A mafi yawan lokuta, shugabancin ANC, tare da yawancin mambobinta, suna gudanar da aiki daga kasashen waje. Bayan boren Soweto na shekarar alif ɗari tara da saba'in da shida 1976, jam'iyyar ANC ta tsaya tsayin daka wajen cimma manufofinta ta hanyar gwagwarmayar makami. Wadannan yanayi sun yi tasiri sosai ga ANC a cikin shekarun da ta yi gudun hijira. 

A zamanin mulkin wariyar launin fata, ANC ta ci gaba da bayyana kanta a matsayin mai fafutukar kwato 'yanci, duk da cewa ita ma jam'iyyar siyasa ce mai rijista. Wani bangare saboda ƙawancenta na bangarori uku da jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Afirka ta Kudu (SACP) da kuma Congress of African Trade Unions, ta ci gaba da samun rinjayen zaɓuka masu gamsarwa a matakin ƙasa da kuma mafi yawan larduna, kuma ta samar da kowane shugabanni biyar na Afirka ta Kudu tun daga 1994. Ana ɗaukar Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin ƙasa mai rinjaye . Sai dai kuma, rinjayen zabukan jam'iyyar ANC ya ragu sosai tun daga shekara ta 2004, kuma a zaɓukan kananan hukumomi na 2021, kasonta na kuri'un kasa ya ragu kasa da kashi 50% a karon farko.  A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata jam’iyyar ta shiga cikin rigingimu da dama, musamman dangane da zargin cin hanci da rashawa da ake ta yaɗawa a tsakanin ‘ya’yan jam’iyyar.

Bayan babban zaɓen shekarar 2024, jam'iyyar ANC ta rasa rinjaye a majalisar dokokin kasar a karon farko a tarihin dimokradiyyar Afirka ta Kudu. Duk da haka, har yanzu ta kasance mafi girma a jam'iyya, tare da kusan kashi 40% na ƙuri'un.  Haka kuma jam'iyyar ta rasa rinjayen ta a Kwa-Zulu Natal da Gauteng da kuma Arewacin Cape. Duk da wannan koma-baya, jam'iyyar ANC ta ci gaba da riƙe madafun iko a matakin kasa ta hanyar wata babbar kawance da ake kira gwamnatin haɗin kan ƙasa, ciki har da jam'iyyun da ke da kashi 72% na kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar .