Layin Metro na Paris 13

**Layin Paris Métro 13** (wanda aka buɗe azaman **Layin B**; Faransanci: *Ligne 13 du métro de Paris* ) ɗaya ne daga cikin layi goma sha shida na Paris Métro waɗanda a halin yanzu buɗe suke. Kamfanin Nord-Sud ya gina shi a matsayin jigilar jigilar kayayyaki na Porte de Clichy da Saint-Ouen daga tashar jirgin kasa ta Saint Lazare, Layin B daga ƙarshe ya zama Layi na 13 a cikin 1930, lokacin da abokin hamayyarsa Compagnie du chemin de fer métropolitain de Paris (CMP) ya sayi Nord-Sud, yayin da layin 'yan'uwa A ya zama layin asali na 4 . An tsawaita layi na 13 a cikin 1976 don isa ƙarshen arewa na Layi 14, wanda sai ya shanye. Layin layi na 14, yanzu an bar shi, an sake amfani da shi don Meteor a cikin 1998.

Layin 13 ya taɓa shirin ɗaukar layin RER na arewa-kudu wanda ke haɗa tashoshin jirgin ƙasa na Saint Lazare da tashoshin jirgin ƙasa na Montparnasse, amma an soke wannan bayan sake fasalin yankin Île-de-Faransa a 1965. A yau, Layin 13 ya haɗu da yammacin Paris zuwa yankunan Asnières, Gen -Surviers- Surion . Saint-Denis da Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine a arewa kuma zuwa Malakoff, Vanves, Châtillon da Montrouge a kudu. Yin hidimar tashoshi 32, shi ne layi na biyar mafi yawan zirga-zirgar hanyar sadarwa, tare da fasinjoji miliyan 131.4 a cikin 2017.

Layin 13 zai kasance mai sarrafa kansa a cikin 2030s, ya zama layin Metro na Paris na uku da za a canza daga jagora zuwa aiki mara direba, bayan layin 1 da 4 . Layukan 14 zuwa 18 duk suna aiki babu direba daga rana ɗaya.

## Hanya

Ina  a tsayi, yana kirga duka rassansa na arewa, shine, kamar yadda na 2025, layin na biyu mafi tsayi na Métro, wanda kawai ya wuce layin 14. Wannan ya faru ne saboda canzawa lokacin da Layi na 15 zai buɗe a cikin cikakken sikelinsa. A cikin 2004, Layin 13 ya ɗauki fiye da 114&nbsp;mahaya miliyan, kusan 540,000 a kowace rana.  Yawan zirga-zirgar shekara-shekara ya karu da kimanin fasinjoji miliyan goma bayan buɗe sabbin tashoshi biyu a reshen Asnières a ranar 14 ga Yuni 2008, don jimlar mahaya 610,050 a rana a cikin Disamba 2009. 

Layi na 13 ya yi amfani da rassa biyu na arewa da ke hidima ga kowane yanki mai yawan jama'a, da tsayin da ya yi zuwa cikin bayan gari, da kuma saurin bunkasuwar yankunan da yake aiki, duk ya haifar da cunkoson layin, wanda kungiyoyin da ke wakiltar fasinjoji suka kara bayyana. Shi ne layin da ya fi cunkoso a cikin tsarin, musamman a sashen sa na asali.

## Tarihi

### Tarihi

* **26 Fabrairu 1911:** An buɗe layin B na kamfanin Nord-Sud daga Saint-Lazare zuwa Porte de Saint-Ouen.
* **20 Janairu 1912:** An buɗe reshe na biyu na Line B tsakanin La Fourche da Porte de Clichy.
* **1930:** Kamfanin CMP ya sayi kamfanin Nord-Sud. Layin A ya zama Layi na 12, B ya zama Layi na 13, kuma shirin nan na Nord-Sud na nan gaba Line C ya zama layi na 14.
* **21 Janairu 1937:** An buɗe ainihin layin 14 tsakanin Bienvenüe da Porte de Vanves.
* **27 Yuli 1937:** An mika layin 14 a arewa daga Bienvenüe zuwa Duroc kuma ya karbi sashin tsakanin Duroc da Invalides daga Layin 10, wanda kuma ya karbi sashin daga La Motte-Picquet zuwa Auteuil daga Layi na 8, layi na 8 wanda ya karbi sabon sashe wanda ya nufi Balad .
* **30 Yuni 1952:** An ƙaddamar da layin 13 a arewa daga Porte de Saint-Ouen zuwa Carrefour Pleyel.
* **27 Yuni 1973:** An fara shimfida layin 13 zuwa kudu, daga Saint-Lazare zuwa Miromesnil.
* **1974:** Layin 13 ya ƙaddamar da nasa cibiyar sarrafawa ta tsakiya.
* **18 Fabrairu 1975:** An shimfida layin kudu daga Miromesnil zuwa Champs-Elysées - Clémenceau.
* **26 Mayu 1976:** An shimfida layin arewa daga Carrefour Pleyel zuwa Saint-Denis - Basilique.
* **9 Nuwamba 1976:** An ƙaddamar da layin daga Champs-Elysées zuwa Invalides, inda ya ɗauki layin asali na 14 (barin lambar sa don Meteor a 1998 ). An shimfida layin kudu daga Porte de Vanves zuwa Châtillon - Montrouge. Sakamakon haka, Layin 13 ya sami MF 67 na jujjuya hannun jari, yayin da MA da ta fara gudana aka aika zuwa layi na 10.
* **1977:** An kunna Autopilot akan Layi 13.
* **11 Nuwamba 1978:** Layi na 13 ya karɓi sabon samfurin MF 77, a matsayin hanyar rage cunkoso na tsoffin jiragen ƙasa.
* **9 ga Mayu 1980:** An tsawaita reshen arewa maso yamma na layin daga Porte de Clichy zuwa Gabriel Péri.
* **25 ga Mayu 1998:** An fadada reshen arewa daga Basilique de Saint-Denis zuwa Saint-Denis - Jami'a.
* **2007:** RATP ya fara gyara kayan mirgina MF 77.
* **24 Oktoba 2007:** Cunkoson Layi na 13 daga Saint Lazare zuwa arewa ya jagoranci STIF don ƙaddamar da tsawaita layin 14 arewacin Saint Lazare zuwa Mairie de Saint-Ouen, a ƙoƙarin rage zirga-zirga a rassan layin 13 guda biyu.
* **14 Yuni 2008:** An ƙara reshen arewa maso yamma daga Gabriel Péri zuwa Les Courtilles.
* **Satumba 2010:** Tashar Miromesnil ita ce ta farko akan layin da aka tanadar da kofofin allo na dandamali. Duk sauran suka biyo baya.
* **Maris 2012:** Kammala gyaran MF 77. Jiragen ƙasa sun fi haske, sun haɗa da kujeru marasa daɗi tukuna, filayen layi mai haske kuma an riga an riga an yi amfani da su don sarrafa layin mai zuwa.
* **Satumba 2018:** RATP ta yanke shawarar cire kujerun nadawa a ƙofofin jiragen ƙasa don ƙara yawan kwararar baƙi ciki da waje a tashoshi.
* **Disamba 2020:** Ƙoƙarin rage cunkoson Layi 13 yana biya yayin da zirga-zirga a reshen Saint-Denis ke raguwa da kashi 19 zuwa 27% bayan an buɗe layin arewa na layin 14, tare da jinkirin tashar Porte de Clichy kaɗan.
* **28 Janairu 2021:** Layi na 14 yana buɗe sabis a Porte de Clichy, haɗa layin 14 zuwa reshen Asnières na Layin 13.
* 2027: Layin 13 yana karɓar sabon MF 19 mirgina.
* 2035: Kammala aikin sarrafa kansa na Layin 13.

### Layin B na Kamfanin ''Nord-Sud''

A ranar 28 ga Disamba 1901, *Société du chemin de fer éléctrique souterrain Nord-Sud de Paris*, ko Nord-Sud Company, ya sami rangwame daga birnin Paris don gina hanyar sadarwa mai sauri na layi biyu tare da mafi shahararren CMP, wanda ya riga ya buɗe layin farko na Metro na Fulgence Bienven.üe's Project. 

Haɗa Porte de Saint-Ouen (Paris Métro) da Saint-Lazare (Paris Métro), ginin layin B ya fara ne akan 19 Yuni 1905 tare da  ta hanyar. Shekaru hudu bayan haka, an fara gini a kan reshe zuwa Porte de Clichy. Layin ya gudana a ƙarƙashin Rue d'Amsterdam har sai da ya rabu a La Fourche, tare da kowane reshe yana biye da Avenue de Clichy ko Avenue de Saint-Ouen. Ba a bayar da haɗin kai zuwa cibiyar sadarwar CMP ba.

A ranar 26 ga Fabrairu 1911, Line B ya buɗe tsakanin Saint-Lazare da Porte de Saint-Ouen, tare da reshen arewa maso yamma zuwa Porte de Clichy ya buɗe bayan shekara guda. Saboda kunkuntar nisa na Rue d'Amsterdam, an gina tashar Berlin (wanda aka sake masa suna zuwa Liège) ba tare da wani dandamali ba. Kamfanin Nord-Sud yana gudanar da layin B tare da jiragen kasa 368 a kowace rana, mafi ƙarancin hanyoyin kan hanya na mintuna 2.5.

## Manazarta