Hattie Carwell

**Hattie Carwell** (an haife ta a ranar 17 ga Yuli, 1948) ƙwararriyar masanin kimiyyar lissafi ce ta Amurka kuma tsohuwar masanin kimiyya a Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka da Hukumar Makamashin Atom ta Duniya . A shekarar 1990, ta zama manajan shirye-shirye na manyan makamashi da shirye-shiryen nukiliya tare da Ofishin Ayyuka na DOE San Francisco.  Ta kuma kasance babbar injiniyar aiki a Ofishin Wurin Berkeley daga 1994 zuwa 2006. Ta kuma ba da gudummawa ga ƙungiyoyi da dama masu zaman kansu da nufin haɓaka bambancin ra'ayi a cikin fannoni masu alaƙa da STEM.

## Tarihin Rayuwa da Ilimi
An haifi Carwell a ranar 17 ga Yuli, 1948, a Brooklyn, NY. Ta girma a Ashland, Virginia inda al'ummarta suka ƙarfafa ta ta zama masanin kimiyya. Carwell ta kammala karatun digiri na uku a makarantar sakandare. Bayan kammala karatun sakandare, Hattie ta yi rajista a Kwalejin Bennett for Women da ke Greensboro, North Carolina a kaka ta 1966. Ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin sinadarai. A kaka ta 1970, Carwell ta yi rajista a Jami'ar Rutgers inda ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar lafiya .

## Sana'a
Bayan kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Rutgers a shekarar 1971, Hattie Carwell ta sami aiki a Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka a matsayin ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lafiya, inda ta ba da kulawar lafiyar radiation a dakunan gwaje-gwaje na ƙasa da dama.  Carwell ta ci gaba da aiki a Vienna, Austria daga 1980 zuwa 1985 inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai duba lafiyar nukiliya kuma shugabar rukuni a Hukumar Makamashin Atom ta Duniya .  A shekarar 1985, ta koma Oakland, California kuma ta yi aiki tare da Ma'aikatar Makamashi, tana ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka sabbin manufofin kare lafiyar radiation, da kuma yadda za a daidaita su yayin gudanar da bincike.  Daga nan ta zama manajan shirye-shirye na manyan shirye-shiryen makamashi da nukiliya a shekarar 1990 a ofishin ayyukan Ma'aikatar Makamashi na San Francisco .  Daga baya, Carwell ta zama babbar injiniyar ayyukan gine-gine a Ofishin Wurin Berkeley a 1992.  A shekarar 1994, an kara mata matsayi zuwa ga shugaban ayyuka, mukamin da ta riƙe har zuwa 2006. Daga baya ta zama babbar masaniyar kimiyyar jiki kafin ta yi ritaya a 2008. 

A shekarar 2010, Carwell ta halarci wani taron bita da Kwalejin Kimiyya, Injiniyanci, da Magunguna ta Ƙasa ta shirya mai taken "Sinadari a Primetime da Online: Sadarwa da Sinadarai a Muhalli na Zamani."  A watan Maris na 2020, ta yi aiki a wani taro game da shugabancin manyan makarantu a taron shekara-shekara na 50 na Majalisar Makarantun Digiri na Baƙaƙen Tarihi.  Ta kasance cikin mahalarta taron bita na Ƙasa na Kimiyya, Injiniyanci, da Magunguna mai taken Damammaki don Shirin Bincike na Gulf: Bukatun Ma'aikata na Tsakiya. 

## Rubutu
Carwell ta rubuta littattafai biyu da kasidu da dama kuma an lissafa ta a matsayin mai bayar da gudummawa a cikin wallafe-wallafe da dama. Ɗaya daga cikin littattafanta mai suna *Blacks in Science: Astrophysicist to Zoologist* .  

## Allo
Carwell yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Asusun Ci Gaban Dalibai Baƙaƙe a Kimiyya da Fasaha (DFBSST), wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1984, wanda ya samar da sama da dala 650,000 a matsayin tallafin karatu ga ɗalibai 225 da ke karatun STEM.  Carwell har yanzu yana hidima ga ƙungiyar da ba ta riba ba a hukumar gudanarwa a matsayin shugaba. 

Daga 2015 zuwa 2019, Carwell ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'ajiyar Majalisar Injiniyan Baƙar fata ta Arewacin California (NCCBPE), wata ƙungiya da ta kasance shugabar ta a da.   Ita ce kuma babbar darekta kuma mai haɗin gwiwa wajen kafa Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha ta Baƙar fata ta Amurka (MAAT), wani shiri na NCCBPE wanda aka kafa a 2000 don haɓaka ilimin kimiyya, musamman tsakanin matasa, da kuma tattara kayan tarihi kan nasarorin masana kimiyya da injiniyoyi 'yan Afirka ta Amurka.  Carwell ta yi tafiya zuwa Antarctica a cikin hunturu na 2021 don samar da wata ƙwarewa ta kama-da-wane da masu kula da MAAT za su iya bi don ƙarin koyo game da sauyin yanayi da kuma keɓancewar yarjejeniyoyin siyasa na Antarctic.  

Carwell kuma yana aiki a matsayin Mai Gudanar da Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Hispanic, African and Native Americans for the Next Generation of Engineers and Scientists (CHANGES).  Wannan ƙungiya tana aiki don haɓaka haɗakar da kuma shigar mutanen Hispanic, African Americans, da American Indians a cikin STEM da gine-gine. 

## Ganewa
An karrama Carwell saboda aikinta da Ma'aikatar Makamashi, inda ta sami kyaututtuka da yawa. Ta kuma sami kyaututtuka saboda aikinta na jagorancin al'umma. Ta sami lambar yabo daga ɗalibanta na jami'ar Bennett College inda ta kasance ɗalibi mai ƙwarewa.  An kuma san Carwell a cikin *littafin Who's Who in America* .  A shekarar 1991, an shigar da Carwell cikin Babban Ɗaliban Kwalejin Baƙar fata na Ƙasa.   An nuna Carwell a cikin littafin *Sisters in Science: Conversations with Black Women Scientists on Race, Gender, and Their Passion for Science* na Diann Jordan.  A ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, 2020, an nuna Carwell a wani shiri na podcast a tashar rediyo ta Jami'ar Manitoba .  An karrama ta a bikin tara kuɗi da kyaututtuka na STEM Future Foundation a shekarar 2018 tare da lambar yabo ta Urban Superhero da kuma masaukin Majalisa daga Barbara Lee .  An kuma rubuta ta a matsayin abokiyar ƙungiyar National Society of Black Physics. 

## Manazarta