Blaccent

Blaccent (a portmanteau na baki da accent; kuma wani lokacin da aka rubuta shi a matsayin blackcent) kalma ce da aka yi amfani da ita, a ko'ina, don bayyana accent da ke da alaƙa da Afirka-Amurka Vernacular English (AAVE). Ana amfani dashi akai-akai don bayyana sau da yawa ana amfani da AAVE ta mutanen da ba baƙar fata ba, wanda masu sukar ke ɗaukarsa nau'i ne na al'adu. A cikin shekarun 2010 da 2020, ya zama sananne tare da mutanen da ba su da baki, kamar rapper Iggy Azalea da actress Awkwafina .

## Ma'ana da suka
Kalmar *baƙar fata* hoto ce ta kalmomin *baki* da *lafazi* .  Ana iya amfani da shi don kwatanta duk wani lafazin da ke da alaƙa da amfani da Ingilishi na Ba-Amurke (AAVE), amma an fi amfani da shi don kwatanta wani lafazin ƙirƙira ko abin da aka shafa da waɗanda ba Ba-Amurke ba ke amfani da su a ƙoƙarin yin koyi da salon magana na AAVE.   Amfani na farko na kalmar *baƙar fata* don bayyana lafuzzan Ba-Amurke gabaɗaya ya bayyana akan dandalin tattaunawa akan layi a cikin 2003, kodayake ya zama mafi alaƙa da kwaikwayon baƙar fata na AAVE ta 2010s. 

Soki-burutsu sau da yawa suna kallon su a matsayin wani nau'i na dacewa da al'adu kuma yana tasowa daga amfani da su don sanya masu amfani da su suyi sanyi, yawanci don samun kuɗi.  Marubucin Ba’amurke Mikki Kendall ya bayyana cewa baƙar magana “ƙarya ce masu nuna wariyar launin fata da masu amfani da al’adu suna amfani da shi lokacin da suka kwaikwayi baƙar fata” duk da cewa Ba-Amurkawa ba duka suna raba lafazi ɗaya ba.  Ba'amurke mai fafutuka Bree Newsome ta yi watsi da maganganun banza a matsayin wani nau'i na minstrelsy, musamman saboda watsi da masu amfani da su a kan suna son "nisanta kansu daga baƙar fata", yayin da farfesa Danielle Bainbridge ta kwatanta shi da abin da ta kira "vocal blackface ".  Ga *[[New York Times|The New York Times]]*, masanin ilimin harshe John McWhorter ya rubuta cewa ra'ayin baƙar fata baƙar fata ya bambanta da na baƙar fata saboda yuwuwar nuna wariyar harshe ga ƙungiyar ta ƙarshe. 

## A cikin nishadi
Ga *Journal of the American Musicological Society*, Matthew D. Morrison ya rubuta cewa stereotypical yare amfani a cikin Thomas D. Rice ta 19th karni na blackface wasanni na waƙar " Jump Jim Crow " a matsayin halin Jim Crow yayi aiki a matsayin precursor ga m.  Blaccents sun kasance sananne a cikin nishaɗin Amurka tun daga 1920s bisa ga Bainbridge, wanda ya nuna jerin shirye-shiryen rediyo *Amos 'n' Andy*, wanda ya nuna fararen 'yan wasan kwaikwayo suna wasa baƙar fata, da nasarar Elvis Presley bayan rikodin waƙar " Hound Dog " a 1956 a matsayin misalan farko na baƙar fata a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na Amurka.  Mawallafin Carvell Wallace ya rubuta a cikin 2016 cewa ɓangarorin sun kasance "suna da zurfi sosai a cikin tarihin dutse wanda yawanci ba mu lura da shi ba", yana ambaton Presley, Roger Daltrey, Mick Jagger, Janis Joplin, Joe Cocker, da Sting a matsayin misalai.  Ga *Vulture*, Lauren Michele Jackson kuma ta rubuta cewa an yi amfani da baƙar fata "ban da ainihin salon magana na baƙar fata" "tun lokacin da Amurka ke da al'adar wasan kwaikwayo don kiran kanta".  

A cikin 2015, rapper Hauwa'u ta yi amfani da kalmar "baƙar fata" don kwatanta muryar rapping Iggy Azalea, wani farar fata na Australiya.  Daga baya an yi amfani da kalmar "baƙar fata" akai-akai don bayyanawa da kuma sukar salon rapping na Azalea.    Ƙididdigar 2015 na zane-zane na Azalea ta masana ilimin harsuna Maeve Eberhardt da Kara Freeman da aka buga a cikin *Journal of Sociolinguistics* sun kammala cewa nasarar Azalea saboda amfani da "overzealous" na AAVE a cikin kiɗan ta, ciki har da ta hanyar rashin copula akai-akai a cikin kiɗan ta, da kuma sauran amfani da baƙar fata a cikin  ta monogal . dogara ga rabo da farar gata .   Kristen S. He of *Vice* ya rubuta a cikin 2017 cewa Azalea ya "sharatar da mu don jin baƙar fata a matsayin duka rashin gaskiya da kuma m". 

Bhad Bhabie first rose to fame due to her blaccent on a viral 2016 episode of the talk show *Dr. Phil* and for her saying the phrase, "Catch me outside, how 'bout that?" A 2016 MTV.com op-ed by Wallace accused Meghan Trainor of using a blaccent on her song "No", with Sean L. Maloney writing for *Nashville Scene* the year prior that she "loves slathering her faux-Southern blaccent all over every song". Trainor later stated that her voice was derived from her father being "very soulful" and "think[ing] he's James Brown sometimes". Social media users accused Ariana Grande of using a blaccent in a 2018 interview for *Billboard*, in which she described a photo of herself as a baby by saying, "Bitch, that's my cookie, that's my juice, okay? Carry on. Thank you, next." YouTuber Lilly Singh faced criticisms of cultural appropriation, partially based on her alleged use of a blaccent, in 2019. For *The Cut*, Lauren Levy wrote in 2019 that a crop of influencers, including Lil Tay, Bhad Bhabie, and Woah Vicky, had become known for being "white but speak[ing] in blaccent", among other attributes, in order to become "living, breathing memes".

Awkwafina, yar wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka kuma mawakiyar Asiya, ta fuskanci suka a karshen 2010s da farkon 2020s saboda zarginta da yin amfani da batsa a cikin barkwanci, kiɗanta, kamar a cikin waƙarta na 2012 "My Vag", da kuma a cikin ayyukanta na fina-finai, musamman halinta na Peik Lin a cikin fim din 2018, *mai arziki a cikin 2018, Crazy Beauty* yana amfani da  . a cikin *Ocean's 8*, musamman a shafukan sada zumunta.    A cewar Jackson, Awkwafina ya yi amfani da baƙar fata a cikin *Crazy Rich Asians* ya sake farfado da amfani da kalmar kanta a cikin 2018, wanda "ba a taɓa ganin shi ba tun lokacin da Iggy Azalea zai iya yin ikirarin waƙar bazara".  A cikin wata hira da 2021 da ta yi da kamfanin dillancin labarai na Reuters game da furucinta, ta bayyana cewa "ta kasance a bude ga tattaunawar" kuma "dan kadan ne mai fasali da yawa".  Har ila yau, ta fuskanci koma baya a waccan shekarar saboda wata hira da ta yi da *Vice* game da ƙin yin lafazin rawar da ta taka, wanda masu amfani da Twitter suka soki a matsayin wanda ya saba wa amfani da baƙar fata.   Ta buga wani uzuri a cikin 2022, inda ta danganta "Ba'amurkenta" ga abokan karatunta tun tana yarinya, fina-finai da talabijin da ta kalli tana girma, da kuma son kiɗan hip hop . Masu suka da masu amfani da shafukan sada zumunta sun soki kalaman nata da cewa ba ta neman uzuri kan wannan bakar magana kuma nan da nan ta sanar da ficewa daga Twitter.   A cikin 2023, Nardos Haile na *Salon* ta rubuta cewa furucinta ya kasance "kauri" da "marasa kyau" kuma cikin zolaya ya kira ta "Sarauniyar baƙar fata". 

Sauran wadanda ba baƙar fata ba su ma sun ba da hujjar yin amfani da baƙar fata a farkon 2020s, ciki har da mawaƙa Olivia Rodrigo, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Chet Hanks, da YouTuber Bretman Rock .    Fim ɗin 2020 *Zola* tauraruwar Riley Keough a matsayin Stefani, mai tsiri wanda ke magana a fili.  Daraktanta, Janicza Bravo, ya bayyana ɓatacciyar hali kamar yadda da gangan ya sa halin ya zama kamar "minstrel".  A cikin tarihin Britney Spears na 2023 *The Woman in Me*, ta bayyana wani misali da tsohon saurayinta, Justin Timberlake, yayi magana da bakin ciki ga mawaki Ginuwine ta hanyar cewa "fo shiz" kuma ta kira shi "homie". Wani faifan bidiyo na Michelle Williams da ke karanta sashe na sigar littafin mai jiwuwa na memoir ya shiga yanar gizo ba da jimawa ba bayan fitowar ta kuma ya haifar da tattaunawa ta kan layi game da amfani da batsa don samun riba ta kasuwanci. 

An kwatanta ɗan wasan barkwanci Matt Rife, duka biyu ta *Vox* a cikin 2023 da ta McWhorter na *The New York Times* a cikin 2024, kamar yadda yake amfani da baƙar fata a yawancin ayyukan wasan barkwanci nasa.  

## A siyasa
A lokacin yakin neman zabenta na shugaban kasa a Amurka a shekarar 2008, Hillary Clinton ta sha suka a kafafen yada labarai saboda abin da masu suka suka bayyana a matsayinta na sanya "blackcent" ko "black-cent" lokacin da take magana da masu sauraren bakaken fata, musamman yayin da take magana a Cocin Baptist na farko bakar fata a tarihi a Selma, Alabama a cikin Maris 2007.   

A cikin 2019, kafofin watsa labaru masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, ciki har da Fox News, *Washington Examiner*, Newsmax, da Daily Wire, sun zargi wakilin Amurka Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez da yin tasiri a cikin wani baƙar fata yayin jawabin da akasari baƙar fata masu sauraro a babban taron kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a ta Al Sharpton, National Action Network .  Ocasio-Cortez tweeted cewa ta " girma a cikin wani yanayi na harshe dabam dabam & dole ne ya koyi kewaya aji enviros a makaranta / aiki" a mayar da martani ga zargin, ya kara da, "Ni daga Bronx . Ina aiki & magana kamar shi ", duk da cewa ta zahiri ta tashi a cikin babba-aji al'umma na Yorktown Heights . 

## Manazarta