Baker's field

**Baker's Field** Bakersfield birni ne a ciki kuma gundumar Kern, a garin California, Amurka.  Birnin ya rufe kusan 151 sq mi (390 km2)  kusa da ƙarshen kwarin San Joaquin , wanda ke yankin Central Valley.

Yawan al'ummar Bakersfield a cikin ƙidayar 2020 ya kasance 403,455, wanda ya mai da shi birni 48 mafi yawan jama'a a Amurka kuma 9th-mafi yawan jama'a a California.  Yankin Bakersfield–Delano Yankin na Babban Birni ne, wanda ya haɗa da duk gundumar Kern, yana da ƙidayar jama'a 909,235 a shekarar 2020, wanda ya mai da ita yanki 62 mafi girma a cikin Amurka.

Bakersfield muhimmiyar cibiya ce ta noma da samar da kuzari.  Gundumar Kern ita ce gundumar da take samar da mai a California kuma yanki na huɗu mafi yawan albarkatun noma (ta ƙima) a cikin Amurka.  Masana'antu a ciki da kewayen Bakersfield sun haɗa da iskar gas da sauran hakar makamashi, hakar ma'adinai, tace man fetur, rarrabawa, sarrafa abinci, da ofisoshin yanki na kamfanoni.  Birnin shine wurin haifuwar nau'in kiɗan ƙasar da aka sani da sautin Bakersfield.

## Tarihi
Shaidun archaeology sun nuna kasancewar matsugunan ’yan asalin Amirka da suka shafe shekaru masu yawan dubbai dubbai.  Bayan isowar Mutanen Espanya, Yowlumne, mutanen Yokuts ne ke zaune a Bakersfield na yau.  Rahotanni na Yowlumne sun nuna cewa ƙauyen Woilu yana cikin iyakokin wannan birni.

Yokuts  na yankin sun zauna a cikin wuri tare da rassan Kogin Kern kuma suna farautar kutuwa, tule elk, barewa, bear, kifi, da tsuntsayen farauta.

A cikin 1776, ɗan ƙasar Sipaniya Francisco Garcés ya zama Bature na farko don bincika yankin.  Rikodin zuwansa na Mayu 1 ga wani ƙauyen Yokuts kusa da Kogin Kern, nan da nan arewa maso gabashin Bakersfield, Hakan ya ja Garcés ya ce:

 "Mutanen gidan rancheria sun yi gagarumin biki a kan isowata, kuma da na yi mini kyau sai na rama musu duka da taba da kwalabe na gilashi, ina taya kaina murna da ganin yadda mutane suke so da kauna.

Idan aka yi la'akari da nisa da rashin isa ga yankin, Yokuts sun kasance keɓance sosai daga ci gaba da tuntuɓar juna har sai bayan Yaƙin yancin kai na Mexica, lokacin da mazauna Mexico suka fara ƙaura zuwa yankin.  Bayan gano zinare a California a cikin 1848, mazauna garin sun mamaye kwarin San Joaquin.  A shekara ta 1851, an gano zinari a gefen kogin Kern a kudancin Sierra Nevada, kuma a cikin 1865, an gano mai a cikin kwarin.  Yankin Bakersfield, wanda ya kasance ƙasa mai lulluɓe da tule, an fara saninsa da tsibirin Kern ga tsirarun majagaba, waɗanda suka gina katako a wurin a cikin 1860. Yankin yana fuskantar ambaliya lokaci-lokaci daga Kogin Kern, wanda ya mamaye abin da yake yanzu  yankin tsakiyar gari, da fama da barkewar cutar zazzabin cizon sauro(malaria).

Bakersfield shine birni na biyar mafi girma na Hispanic a cikin Amurka, tare da kashi 53% na mutanen Hispanic a 2020.

## Kafa(samuwa)
A cikin 1861, bala'in ambaliya ya share asalin mazaunin Kirista Bohna ɗan Jamus wanda aka kafa a 1860.  Daga cikin wadanda gasar zinare ta California ta jawo hankalin yankin akwai Thomas Baker, lauya kuma tsohon kanal a cikin 'yan bindigar Ohio, jiharsa.  Baker ya koma bakin Kogin Kern a cikin 1863, a wurin da aka fi sani da Filin Baker, wanda ya zama wurin shakatawa ga matafiya.  A shekara ta 1870, tare da yawan jama'a 600, abin da a yanzu aka sani da Bakersfield ya zama babban birni a gundumar Kern.

A cikin 1873, an haɗa Bakersfield a matsayin birni a hukumance, kuma zuwa 1874, a hukumance ta maye gurbin garin Havilah a matsayin wurin zama na gunduma. An dauki Alexander Mills a matsayin sarkin birni, mutumin da wani masanin tarihi zai kwatanta shi da "... dattijo a lokacin da ya zama Marshal na Bakersfield, kuma yana tafiya da sanda.  bindiga, kuma ba rashin himma da albarkatu ba lokacin da yanayin ya motsa shi. "Yan kasuwa da sauran su sun fara jin haushin Mills, wanda ya kasance mai kazar-kazar kuma mai girman kai wajen mu’amala da su.  Suna son su kore shi amma suna tsoron ramuwar gayya, sai suka ƙulla wata dabara don ɓata aiki, ta yadda suka bar shi ba shi da ma’aikaci.  A cewar masanin tarihi Gilbert Gia, birnin kuma ya kasa karbar harajin da yake bukata na ayyuka.  A shekara ta 1876, birni ya kada kuri'a don a soke haɗin gwiwa. A cikin shekaru 22 masu zuwa, majalisar jama'a tana gudanar da al'umma.

A shekara ta 1880, Bakersfield yana da yawan jama'a 801, tare da 250 na asali.

Ya zuwa 1890, tana da yawan jama'a 2,626.  Hijira daga Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, da Southern California ya kawo sabbin mazauna. Waɗanda galibin masana'antar mai ke ɗaukar aiki.

An sake haɗa garin a ranar 11 ga Janairu, 1898.

## Kafa haɗar jirgin ƙasa
A cikin 1874, hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta Kudu ta Pacific ta fara isa gundumar Kern.  Koyaya, an sanya ma'ajiyar jirgin ƙasa kusan mil uku gabas da Bakersfield saboda rikicin ƙasa tsakanin layin dogo da garin.

Tsabar sha'awar samun tashar nasu ya sa mazauna Bakersfield, mai girma sukari Clause Spreckels, da ƙananan masu saka hannun jari daga ko'ina cikin jihar sun ƙare kusan $ 3,500,000 zuwa Janairu 17, 1895, don ba da kuɗin titin jirgin ƙasa na biyu zuwa Bakersfield.  A ranar 29 ga Janairu, 1895, an haifi San Francisco da San Joaquin Valley Railroad .  An yi wa lakabi da "Tsin Jirgin Ruwa na Jama'a," an kammala aikin kuma garin ya yi maraba da shi tare da faretin da dubunnan mutane suka halarta a ranar 27 ga Mayu, 1898, a tsakanin Yakin Mutanen Espanya da Amurka da kuma sama da shekaru 20 bayan kammala layin Kudancin Pacific.  Gasa daga sabon layin dogo ya sa Kudancin Pacific ya rage farashin sa daga $9.10 ($347.22 a cikin 2023) zuwa $6.90 ($263.27 a 2023) don dacewa da sabon farashin layin dogo.

## Manazarta