open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
John Chapman (ɗan siyasa na Australiya)

**John Hedley Chapman** (16 ga Disamba 1879 - 14 ga Maris 1931) ɗan siyasan Australiya ne. An haife shi a Jamestown, Kudancin Australia, ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Prince Alfred a Adelaide kafin ya zama magatakarda a banki, kuma manomi a Port Lincoln. A shekara ta 1918, an zabe shi a Majalisar Dokokin Kudancin Australia a matsayin memba na Manoma da Mazauna (daga baya Jam'iyyar Kasar) na Flinders, yana Aiki har zuwa 1924.[1] A shekara ta 1925, an zabe shi a Majalisar Dattijai ta Australiya a matsayin Sanata na Jam'iyyar Country na Kudancin Australia.[2][3] Ya mutu a shekara ta 1931; an nada Harry Kneebone na Labor don maye gurbinsa.

## Manazarta
Vincent Massey Collegiate (Montreal)

Vincent Massey Collegiate (Faransanci: Collège Vincent-Massey) makarantar sakandare ce da ke Montreal, Quebec, Kanada . Yana daga cikin Hukumar Makarantar Montreal ta Turanci (EMSB).

## Tarihi
Ginin da yanzu yake Vincent Massey Collegiate asalinsa makarantar sakandare ce da aka gina a 1959 ta Hukumar Makarantar Katolika ta Montreal (CECM) da ake kira École secondaire Philippe-Perrier . A shekara ta 1976, ta zama makarantar sakandare ta Turanci, kuma an canza sunan zuwa makarantar sakandare ce ta Vincent Massey . Dangane da shekarun da aka yi amfani da shi azaman ƙaramar makarantar sakandare kamar a 1978 da 1979 ko babbar makarantar sakandare. A shekara ta 1985, bayan rufe makarantar sakandare ta Holy Names, ta zama makarantar sakandare na yau da kullun tare da maki 7 zuwa 11.￼

Ya kasance wani ɓangare na Hukumar Makarantar Katolika har zuwa 1998. A watan Yulin 1998, an sake tsara allon makaranta, kuma makarantar ta kasance ƙarƙashin ikon Hukumar Makarantar Montreal ta Turanci.

## Manazarta
Tsayawa Burnand

Aisling Maria Burnand CBE (an haife ta a ranar 22 ga watan Disamba 1964; ta mutu a ranar 19 ga watan Satumbar 2022) ta kasance mai gudanar da kasuwanci da kuma mai ba da shawara a Burtaniya. A shekara ta 2009, ta shiga Ciwon daji na Burtaniya a matsayin Babban Darakta na Manufofin & Harkokin Jama'a. A shekara ta 2014,  ta zama shugaban zartarwa ta Kungiyar Kayan Kayan Kimiyyar Kiwon Lafiya. 

## Ayyuka
Burnand ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban alakar kafofin watsa labarai na kasa da kasa ga Rhône-Poulenc a Paris, Landan a matsayin darektan Kamfanin Rowland, mai ba da shawara kan harkokin jama'a na London.

Ta shiga kungiyar UK BioIndustry Association (BIA) UK BioIndustria Association (B IA) a matsayin darakta na farko na Harkokin Jama'a a shekarar 1998, lokacin da masana'antar biotechnology ta Burtaniya ke cikin jariri. Kungiyar yanzu tana wakiltar kamfanoni sama da ɗari uku na biotech na Burtaniya. A shekara ta 2001, Burnand ta zama Mataimakin Babban Darakta, kuma daga shekara ta 2003 har zuwa Disamba 2009, ta kasance Babban Daraktoci. Nigel Gaymond ne ya gaje ta.

A BIA, Burnand ya yi kira a madadin binciken tantanin halitta, kuma ya goyi bayan wucewar Dokar Laifuka da 'yan sanda ta 2005, wanda ke ba da kariya ga masu binciken kiwon lafiya daga masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na kare Hakkin dabbobi da sauran barazanar. Har ila yau, dole ne ta tabbatar da jama'a game da magungunan da suka danganci rigakafin monoclonal lokacin da masu sa kai shida suka sha wahala mai tsanani yayin gwajin asibiti a Asibitin Northwick Park a shekara ta 2006.

An nada ta memba na Order of the British Empire (MBE) a cikin 2007 don hidimomi ga kimiyya.

Ta shiga Ciwon daji na Burtaniya a shekarar 2009. A matsayinta na Babban Darakta na Manufofin & Harkokin Jama'a, tana da alhakin manufofin agaji kan batutuwan ciwon daji, kimiyya da agaji, tana neman tare da wasu don rinjayar 'yan siyasa da ma'aikatan gwamnati kan batutuwar da suka shafi muhimmancin marasa lafiya. 

A cikin 2020, Burnand ya yi gargadi a lokacin annobar COVID-19 cewa binciken kiwon lafiya na iya shan wahala na shekaru saboda raguwar kudaden shiga daga gudummawa da tara kuɗi.

An nada Burnand a matsayin Kwamandan Order of the British Empire (CBE) a cikin girmamawar ranar haihuwar 2022 don hidimomi ga bangaren agaji.

## Manazarta
Dick Perera

Air Chief Marshal **Dick Cuthbert Perera** VSV shi ne Kwamandan 6 na Sojojin Sama na Sri Lanka. 

Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin St. Benedict, Colombo Perera ya shiga sabuwar rundunar sojin saman Royal Ceylon a ranar 21 ga Satumba 1951 a cikin rukunin farko na jami'an da aka horar da su a cikin gida. Bayan kammala karatunsa na tashi a kan de Havilland DHC-1 Chipmunks da Boulton Paul Balliols, ya sami fuka-fukansa daga Firayim Minista D. S. Senanayake. An haɗa shi da No. 2 Squadron a matsayin matukin jirgi, ya yi aiki a matsayin kwamandan kwamandan daga 1964 zuwa 1968. Ya yi aiki a matsayin kwamandan jami'in, Yankin Gudanarwa da Kwamandan Tashar SLAF Katunayake . Perera ta halarci Kwalejin Air Command da Staff da Kwalejin Tsaro ta Kasa, New Delhi . Ya zama babban jami'in reshe na farko (mai tuƙi) da za a nada shi Darakta Gudanarwa. Daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Ayyuka da Shugaban Ma'aikata. An nada shi Kwamandan Sojojin Sama a ranar 1 ga Mayu 1981, bayan an kara shi zuwa matsayin Mataimakin Marshal na Air. 1983, ya ga karuwar ayyukan jirgin sama a cikin SLAF tare da karuwar Yaƙin basasar Sri Lanka . A lokacin mulkinsa, rundunar sojan sama ta sami jirage masu saukar ungulu na Bell 212 da Bell 412 waɗanda aka yi amfani da su azaman sufuri da bindigogi kuma SLAF ta gabatar da SIAI Marchetti SF.260 a cikin rawar kai hari mai sauƙi bayan da ta yi ritaya daga mayakan jet a ƙarshen 1970s. Ya yi ritaya a ranar 30 ga Afrilu 1986 kuma an inganta shi zuwa matsayin Air Marshal . Andibuduge Fernando ne ya gaje shi. A shekara ta 1982, ya zama kwamandan SLAF na farko da aka ba shi lambar yabo ta Vishista Seva Vibhushanaya kuma a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 2007, an kara shi zuwa matsayin Air Chief Marshal . Ya mutu a ranar 23 ga Nuwamba 2014 .

## Manazarta
Duncan Chessell

**Duncan Chessell** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1970 a Adelaide) ɗan Australiya ne mai hawan dutse, masanin ilimin ƙasa kuma mai ɗaukar hoto wanda ya kai ga manyan taro bakwai a kowane ɗayan nahiyoyi bakwai na duniya.

Chessell yana hawa tun 1988, yana jagorantar tun 1994, kuma ya hau kuma ya jagoranta a duk nahiyoyi bakwai. Ya fara ne a kan duwatsu da kuma cikin gorges na National Parks na Australia, sannan ya ci gaba zuwa manyan duwatsu a duniya. Yana daya daga cikin 'yan Australia da suka hau dutse kuma suka jagoranci Dutsen Everest kuma na farko na Kudancin Australia zuwa taron. Ya hau Dutsen Everest sau uku, a cikin 2001, 2007 da 2010. Hawansa a shekara ta 2010 ya fito ne daga matakin teku, yana hawa kilomita 1600 daga teku a Indiya. 

A shekara ta 2006, Chessell ya yi aiki tare da ƙungiyar matasa masu fama da cutar kansa, wanda aka sani da CanTeen, yana jagorantar su su hau Dutsen Kilimanjaro. Binciken da ya fi so shi ne hawan teku zuwa saman mafi girma a Antarctica, Dutsen Vinson a cikin 2007, tare da 'yan uwan Australiya Rob North, Peter Weeks, da Rob Jackson. 

Ya kafa DCXP Mountain Journeys Pty Ltd a ƙarshen 2000, wanda ya gudu na shekaru goma yana jagorantar taron kolin bakwai ciki har da jagorantar Dutsen Everest ta kasuwanci da kuma taron kolin Dutsen Everest sau uku. Sauran wuraren da suka hada da Kokoda Track a Papua New Guinea, wanda kamfaninsa DCXP ya jagoranta dubban masu tafiya na Australiya tsakanin 2003 da 2010. Ya kasance memba na New Zealand Mountain Guides Association. 

A shekara ta 2010, Chessell ya sayar da DCXP, kuma ya koma cikin fannin ilimin ƙasa kuma ya zama manajan darakta na kamfanin binciken ma'adanai na Endeavour Discoveries Ltd (2010-2016). Endeavour ya kasance a Kudancin Australia yana bincika tushe da ƙarfe masu daraja kamar nickel da zinariya a Papua New Guinea, Kudancin Ostiraliya da Yankin Arewa. A shekara ta 2011 ya zama shugaban Endeavour Discoveries Ltd.

A cikin 2014, Chessell ya kafa shugaban kungiyar Himalayan Development Foundation Australia Inc (HDFA) kungiyar da aka keɓe don taimakawa yara a Nepal su fara rayuwa ta hanyar ilimi.[1] HDFA ta tara sama da A $ 100,000 a cikin shekara ta farko kuma ta gina makarantar kwana a Nepal tare da wasu daga cikin kudaden da aka samu a yankin Kanchenjunga mai nisa na Gabashin Nepal. A cikin shekaru biyar na farko na aiki HDFA ta ba da sake gina makaranta, gina wuraren kiwon lafiya, tsarin micro hydroelectric, ingantaccen ilimi da shirye-shiryen rayuwa ga sama da mutane 10,000 a Nepal a yankuna uku: Kanchenjunga, Indrawati da Sindhupalchowk suna isar da sama da A $ 1,000,000 a cikin ayyukan.

## Manazarta
Donald Perera

Air Chief Marshal **G Donald Perera** VSV, USP jami'in jirgin sama ne na Sri Lanka wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin kwamandan Sojojin Sama daga 2002 zuwa 2006 kuma Shugaban Ma'aikatan Tsaro daga 2006 zuwa 2009. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Jakadan Sri Lanka a Isra'ila . 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Perera ta yi karatu a Kwalejin S. Thomas, Dutsen Lavinia.

## Ayyukan SLAF
Perera ya shiga rundunar sojin saman Sri Lanka a matsayin Jami'in cadet a cikin reshen matukin jirgi na gaba ɗaya a cikin jami'in Cadet Intake 1 na Kwalejin Sojan Sama, China Bay a ranar 12 ga Janairun 1972. Bayan kammala karatunsa na jirgin sama an ba shi izini a matsayin Jami'in matukin jirgi a ranar 19 ga Oktoba 1973. Da yake aiki a matsayin matukin jirgi a cikin No. 2 Squadron SLAF, ya shiga sama da sa'o'i 7,500 a kan sufuri. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Kwamandan Flying Training Wing, Air Force Academy, China Bay; Kwamandan, No. 2 Squadron; Kwamandan Base, SLAF Katunayake da Kwamandan Zonal - Yankin Yamma; Kwamandan Bas, SLAF China Bay da Kwamandan Yankin - Yankin Gabas da Ayyukan Darakta. Ya halarci Kwalejin Air Command da Staff a 1990 da Kwalejin Tsaro ta Kasa, New Delhi a 1998. An nada shi Shugaban Ma'aikatan SLAF a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1998. A ranar 16 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2002, an nada shi kwamandan Sojojin Sama tare da ci gaba zuwa matsayin Air Marshal . An nada shi Shugaban Ma'aikatan Tsaro a ranar 12 ga Yuni 2006 tare da ci gaba zuwa matsayin Air Chief Marshal, a lokacin matakai na karshe na Yaƙin basasar Sri Lanka kuma ya yi ritaya a ranar 15 ga Yuli 2009. Kyaututtuka sun hada da Vishista Seva Vibhushanaya, Uttama Seva Padakkama, Medal na Ayyukan Sojoji na Jamhuriyar Sri Lanka, Medal din Shekaru 50 na Sojojin Sama na Sri Lanka, lambar yabo ta Ayyukan Sojan Sri Lanka, Kyautar Inauguration na Shugaban kasa, Medal ɗin Tunawa da Shekaru 50 nke Independence, Medalcin Ayyuka na Arewa da Gabas, Purna Bhumi Padakkama.  Medal na Operation Vadchchi da Medal na Kamfen.

## Ayyukan da suka biyo baya
Bayan haka ya yi ritaya a matsayin Shugaban Ma'aikatan Tsaro, an nada Perera a matsayin Jakadan Sri Lanka a Isra'ila. 

## Dubi kuma

* 'Yan diflomasiyyar Sri Lanka marasa sana'a

## Manazarta
Erik A. Peterson

**Erik A. Peterson** Brigadier Janar ne a cikin Sojojin Sama na Amurka kuma Mataimakin Adjutant Janar na Air na Wisconsin National Guard.

## Ayyuka
An ba da umarnin Erik A. Peterson a matsayin jami'in Sojojin Sama na Amurka a shekarar 1991. Ya ci gaba da horo tare da Squadron Horar da Jirgin Sama na 97 kafin a ajiye shi a Luke Air Force Base. A wani bangare na lokacinsa a Luka, an sanya Peterson a cikin 310th Fighter Squadron.

Bayan haka, Peterson ya kasance jami'in horar da F-16 Fighting Falcon tare da 18th Fighter Squadron kuma malami tare da 34th Fighter squadron. A shekara ta 2001, ya shiga rundunar tsaron iska ta Wisconsin kuma an sanya shi a cikin rundunar sojan sama ta 176, daga ƙarshe ya zama Kwamandan Kwamandan.

Matsayin da Peterson ya biyo baya ya haɗa da ɗaukar kwamandan 115th Operations Group da 115th Fighter Wing. A cikin 2020, an nada shi a matsayin Shugaban Ma'aikatan Rundunar Tsaro ta Wisconsin. Daga baya, an nada Peterson a matsayin Mataimakin Adjutant Janar na wucin gadi.

Abubuwan ado da Peters ya karɓa sun haɗa da Legion of Merit tare da tarin ganye biyu na itacen oak, Medal na Meritorious Service tare da tarin ganyen oak guda uku, Medal ɗin Air tare da tarin tarin ganye na oak da Medal ɗin Commendation na Air Force tare da tarin bishiyoyin oak guda biyu.

## Ilimi

* Kwalejin Sojan Sama ta Amurka
* Makarantar Jami'an Squadron
* Jami'ar Jirgin Sama ta Embry-Riddle
* Kwalejin Yakin Sama ta Amurka
* Kwalejin Ma'aikatan Sojoji, Jami'ar Tsaro ta Kasa

## Manazarta
Harold Pope Jr.

**Harold Pope Jr.** ɗan siyasan Amurka ne kuma jami'in Sojan Sama na Amurka da ya yi ritaya yana aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dattijan New Mexico daga gundumar 23. An zabe shi a shekarar 2020, ya kayar da dan jam'iyyar Republican Sander Rue. Ya hau mulki a ranar 19 ga watan Janairun 2021.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Paparoma kuma ya girma a Pueblo, Colorado . Bayan kammala karatunsa daga makarantar sakandare, ya shiga cikin Sojojin Sama na Amurka kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da haƙori. Paparoma daga nan ya bar aiki kuma ya shiga cikin Air Force Reserve, ya sami digiri na farko na Kimiyya a cikin ilmin sunadarai daga Jami'ar New Mexico. Bayan kammala karatunsa an ba shi izini ta hanyar shirin Air Force ROTC kuma ya koma aiki a matsayin Jami'in Chemist & Acquisitions. Paparoma daga baya ya sami Jagora na Kimiyya a cikin ilmin sunadarai na magunguna daga Jami'ar Florida da Jagora na Fasaha a cikin jagorancin aiki daga Kwalejin Air Command da Staff a Jami'ar Air.

## Ayyuka
Bayan ya sami digiri na farko, an ba Paparoma umurni a cikin Sojojin Sama a matsayin jami'in, yana aiki a matsayin jamiʼin saye da likitan sunadarai. Ya ƙware a cikin shirye-shiryen tauraron dan adam, tsarin makamai, da hana nukiliya. Bayan ya yi ritaya, an nada Paparoma a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan sauye-sauye a cikin gwamnatin Albuquerque Mayor Tim Keller. A cikin babban zaben Nuwamba na Majalisar Dattijai ta New Mexico, Paparoma ya kayar da Sander Rue na Jamhuriyar Republican. Lokacin da Paparoma ya hau mulki a 2021, ya zama dan Afirka na farko na Majalisar Dattijan New Mexico.

A cikin 2025, Paparoma ya sanar da takararsa na Mataimakin Gwamna na New Mexico a zaben gwamnan New Mexico na 2026.  Da yake gudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat da Stephanie Garcia Richard da Maggie Toulouse Oliver, Paparoma zai zama Mataimakin Gwamna na farko na Afirka na New Mexico idan aka zabe shi.

## Manazarta
Thomas Octavius Callender

**Sir Thomas Octavius Callender** (9 ga Afrilu 1855 - 2 ga Disamba 1938) injiniya ne kuma ɗan kasuwa, wanda ya inganta masana'antar lantarki.

## Rayuwa
Thomas Callender an haife shi a Clydeview, Partick, Lanarkshire, Scotland, babba daga cikin 'ya'ya goma na William Ormiston Callender na Bournemouth (1827-1908), mai siyarwa, da matarsa, Jean, née Marshall, 'yar mai fata na Greenock. Ya tafi makaranta a Greenock, a London kuma daga baya a Boulogne-sur-Mer . A lokacin yakin Franco-Prussian, dole ne ya bar Faransa kuma daga baya ya shiga kamfanin mahaifinsa a London, inda ya mai da hankali kan asphalt, paving, da kuma kasuwancin gyaran bitumen, wanda mahaifinsa ya kafa. Thomas Callender da ɗan'uwansa sun kafa, a cikin 1877, tare da mahaifinsu, wanda ya sami sha'awa a wani ɓangare na shigo da bitumen daga Trinidad don yin hanya da sauran dalilai na hana ruwa - Pitch Lake . Ofisoshin sun kasance a 150 Leadenhall Street, London, tare da karamin refinery a Millwall, inda aka sauka da bitumen. An tsabtace bitumen da yawa kuma an yi amfani da su don yin hanya da kuma gina gine-gine. Callender ya tabbatar da cewa an cire duk ƙazanta a tushe, don rage farashin sufuri. Kamfanin ya sami kwangila da yawa na yin hanyoyi na kasashen waje.

A ziyarar da ya kai St Petersburg a 1880, Callender ya burge gidan wasan kwaikwayo da aka kunna ta kyandirorin Yablochkov. Don amfani da kasuwar da ke tasowa don hasken lantarki, Callender ya yanke shawarar canza kasuwancin zuwa samar da igiyoyi masu rufi.

Gwaje-gwaje na 1881 akan samar da waya mai rufi tare da bitumen mai ƙwanƙwasawa sun fara ne a sabon masana'antar su a Erith, Kent. 1882 An kafa Kamfanin Bitumen Telegraph da Waterproof na Callender don tallafawa ci gaban bitumen vulcanized. A farkon shekarun 1880, Callender ya kirkiro tsarin Callender mai ƙarfi, inda aka shimfiɗa igiyoyi a cikin bututun katako kuma an saka su cikin bitumen.

Callender ne ke da alhakin gudanar da ayyukan Erith. Wadannan igiyoyi sun samar da wutar lantarki na sabbin kotunan shari'a a Strand na London da kuma Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Covent Garden a 1883, da kuma igiyoyi masu mahimmanci don yawan kamfanonin samar da wutar wuta.

A shekara ta 1891, kamfanin ya gabatar da tsarin jigilar wutar lantarki na karkashin kasa a Abercanaid, Merthyr, kuma, a cikin wannan shekarar, ya sami umarnin farko na tramway, wanda ba da daɗewa ba ya biyo bayan hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta farko ta karkashin kasa.

A shekara ta 1896, ya kafa kamfaninsa, Callender's Cable & Construction Company Limited, wanda daga baya ya zama British Insulated Callender's Cables (BICC). Callender, alal misali, ya gina ƙetare 132 kV na Thames a Dagenham tare da igiyoyin sama da suka kai 3060 feet (932m) tsakanin hasumiyoyi biyu na 487 feet (148m), kuma ya ba da izinin 250 ft (76m) don jigilar kaya. Tare da Callender a matsayin manajan darektan, matsayin da ya ci gaba har zuwa mutuwarsa, kamfanin ya kasance a wuri mai kyau don amfani da fadada saurin amfani da wutar lantarki.&nbsp;&nbsp;

## manazarta
P. B. Premachandra

Mataimakin Air Marshal **P.B. Premachandra** (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Mayu, 1957) babban jami'in Sojojin Sama ne na Sri Lanka, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Ma'aikacin Sojojin Jirgin Sama na Sri Lanka . 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Mataimakin Air Marshal P.B. Premachandra an haife shi ne ga Rasanayagi da Ponnuduraisamy Balasundaram, sanannen Vidane na Thondaimanaru . Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Hartley da Kwalejin S. Thomas, Mt Lavinia inda ya yi fice a karatu da wasanni (rugby, volleyball, da wasanni). 

## Ayyukan Sojojin Sama
AVM Premachandra ya shiga rundunar sojin saman Sri Lanka a matsayin Jami'in Cadet a reshen Janar Duties Pilot, Mayu 25, 1979. Bayan nasarar kammala karatunsa na Flying Training, an ba shi izini a matsayin Jami'in Jirgin Sama a ranar 9 ga Yuli, 1981.

Kafin nadin sa a matsayin Babban Ma'aikacin Sojojin Sama na Sri Lanka, AVM Premachandra ya rike mukamai masu mahimmanci a cikin Kwamitin Daraktocin SLAF, gami da Mataimakin Shugaban Ma'aikata - Ayyuka, Darakta Ayyuka da Darakta Horar da Daraktoci, a SLAF Colombo, Hedikwatar Sojojin Jirgin Sama. 

A lokacin da ya yi fice a matsayin jami'in AVM Premachandra ya rike manyan umarni da yawa ciki har da Kwamandan - Kwamandan Yankin Arewa, Kwamandan Ayyukan Sama  (Arewa) , Kwamandan Base na SLAF Katunayake, SLAF Ratmalana da SLAF Anuradhapura, tare da yin umurni da No. 1 Flying Training Wing, No. 2 Transport Wing da No. 8 Light Transport Squadron.

### Abubuwan da suka faru a lokacin yakin basasar Sri Lanka
Mataimakin Air Marshal Premachandra shine dan jirgin sama na farko na Sri Lanka da ya ji rauni a cikin aiki. A shekara ta 1986, jirgin saman mai saukar ungulu na AVM Premachandra yana jagorantar a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin hadin gwiwa tare da STF ya zo ƙarƙashin wuta ta abokan gaba kusa da Karadiyanaru da Vavunativu. Baya ga helicopter da ke ci gaba da lalacewa, shi kadai ne a cikin jirgin da ya ji rauni, duk da haka ya sami nasarar tashi da sojoji da yawa a cikin kulawarsa zuwa lafiya. An ba shi lambar yabo ta Desha Putra Sammanaya saboda aikinsa na jaruntaka mara son kai.

Don ayyukansa na jaruntaka a fuskar abokan gaba a matsayin matukin jirgi mai saukar ungulu AVM Premachandra an ba shi kyautar Rana Sura Padakkama . 

AVM Premachandra, tare da wasu matukan jirgi, sun ba da kansu don tashi da yawa na sufuri da ke da mahimmanci ga kokarin yaki lokacin da wasu ba za su kasance ba saboda matakan da ba su da tasiri game da hare-hare (misali, matakan kare makami mai linzami). An ba shi kyautar Rana Wickrama Padakkama, "don waɗannan ayyukan jaruntaka a fuskar abokan gaba da aka yi da son rai".

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Ya auri Vasuki kuma yana da 'ya'ya mata biyu, Bharathy & Pathanchali, da ɗa ɗaya, Arjuna.

## Manazarta
Scott L. Pleus

**Scott L. Pleus** (an haife shi a shekara ta ) shi ne janar janar a cikin Sojojin Sama na Amurka . Yana aiki a matsayin darektan ma'aikatan Sojojin Sama na Amurka,  inda yake daidaitawa da haɗa manufofi, tsare-tsare, matsayi, hanyoyin, da batutuwan aiki na hedkwatar ma'aikatan Air Force. Tun daga ranar 21 ga Fabrairu, 2025, ya kuma cika matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Ma'aikatan Sojojin Sama na Amurka.

## Ayyukan Sojojin Sama
Pleus ya karbi kwamishinsa a shekarar 1989 ta hanyar shirin Air Force ROTC a Jami'ar Minnesota Duluth . A lokacin aikinsa, ya yi umurni a cikin ƙungiyar, rukuni da matakan reshe kuma ya kasance Sakataren Tsaro na Kamfanin Tsaro a Sun Microsystems a California. Ayyukan ma'aikatansa sun haɗa da Babban Jami'in ga Babban Jami'an Sojojin Sama na Amurka. Kafin aikinsa na yanzu, ya kasance mataimakin kwamandan Sojojin Amurka Koriya, kwamandan Air Component Command, Kwamandan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, kwamandan Kwamandan Air Composition, Kwamandan Sojoji, da kwamandan Sojan Sama na Bakwai a Osan Air Base, Jamhuriyar Koriya.

### Ayyukan jirgin sama
Pleus a halin yanzu matukin jirgi ne tare da sama da sa'o'i 2,500 a sama. Ya tashi yaƙi manufofi ciki har da lokacin Operations Desert Fox da Southern Watch . A cikin dogon aikinsa na Pilot ya tashi F-35, F-16 C / D, AT-38, T-38, da T-37.

## Ilimi

* 1989 Bachelor of Arts, Sadarwa, Jami'ar Minnesota-Duluth 1997 Squadron Officer School, Maxwell Air Force Base, Ala.
* 2000 Jagora na Ayyukan Soja da Kimiyya, Air Command da Ma'aikata Kwalejin, Maxwell AFB, Ala. 2000 Jagora da Fasaha, Dangantaka ta Duniya, Jami'ar Auburn-Montgomery, Ala.
* 2002 Kwalejin Yakin Sama, Maxwell Air Force Base, Ala., ta hanyar wasiƙa
* 2008 Sakataren Kamfanin Tsaro Fellow, Sun Microsystems, Menlo Park, Calif.
* 2010 US Air Force Enterprise Leadership Seminar, Darden School of Business, Jami'ar Virginia, Charlottesville 2015 Capstone Janar da Flag Officer Course, Jami'an Tsaro na Kasa, Washington, DC
* 2015 Kwamandan Kwamandan Sojan Sama na hadin gwiwa, Maxwell AFB, Ala. 2018 Kwamandan Yakin Yakin Flag, Maxwell AFF, Ala.

## Manazarta
Norman Chinner

**Norman Chinner** OBE LRSM (7 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1909 - 5 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1961) ya kasance dan wasan Kudancin Australia kuma mai kula da mawaƙa.

## Tarihi
An haifi Chinner a Malvern, Kudancin Ostiraliya, ɗan Charles Williams Chinner (18 ga Yuli 1866 - 21 ga Maris 1953) da Winnifred Maud "Winnie" Chinner née Cowperthwaite (-1964), 'yar Rev. John Cowperthwaita (c. 1847-1904). 

Kiɗa ya kasance a cikin iyalinsa: mahaifiyarsa fitacciyar violin Elder Conservatorium  da mawaƙa,  kuma memba ne na Kudancin Australia.  Kakansa W. B. Chinner sanannen masanin organist ne na coci, malami da mawaƙa, kuma kakansa George Williams Chinner (- 27 Mayu 1880) an girmama shi sosai a matsayin mawaƙi don kasancewa a cikin kwamitin alƙalai wanda a 1859 ya zaɓi abun da Carl Linger ya tsara don tafiya tare da Caroline Carleton's Song of Australia. Yana yiwuwa mahaifin Norman ma dan organist ne.

Chinner ya sami horo na farko na kiɗa daga Mrs. Smedley Palmer AMUA (née Ethel Rose Ridings, ta mutu 1966, kuma mahaifiyar dan wasan piano Peggy Palmer), [undefined] kuma a piano daga Miss A. Hodge, sannan a 1926 ya fara karbar darussan organ daga Fred Pilgrim (1885-1942), organist a Flinders Street Baptist Church na shekaru 13 sannan a Malvern Methodist Church, inda Chinner ya dauki darussansa.[1]

Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Prince Alfred. A shekara ta 1928 ya lashe kyautar Elder don buga kwayar halitta. A shekara ta 1932 an shigar da shi a matsayin lasisi na Kwamitin Associated na Royal Academy da Kwalejin Kiɗa, London (LRSM), dan wasan organ na farko a Kudancin Australia da aka amince da shi, kuma a wannan shekarar an nada shi organist da kuma mawaƙa na Kent Town Methodist Church. A shekara ta 1934 an nada shi malamin kiɗa a Kwalejin Prince Alfred, wanda ya yi aiki tare da ayyukan cocinsa  har zuwa Mayu 1939 lokacin da ya yi murabus, don Arthur Brewster Jones ya maye gurbinsa. Ya kuma sami lokaci don rubuta wasu sassan kansa: Harold Wylde ne ya buga A Mood Fantasy a kan kwayar Town Hall a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1934. Ya koma Cocin Methodist na Malvern, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da mawaƙa da organist na tsawon shekaru huɗu, kafin ya ɗauki irin wannan matsayi a Cocin Methodist na Pirie Street a 1939. 

Daga 1937 zuwa 1939 ya ba da lacca game da godiya ga kiɗa a makarantar sakandare ta Adelaide. Daga watan Janairun 1938 Chinner ya yi aiki da Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Australiya a matsayin mataimakin mai gudanarwa (ga William Cade) na Adelaide Wireless Chorus, wanda ake tunawa da shi don shirin su na Lahadi da yamma In Quires and Places (Where They Sing), da kuma Adelaide Studio Orchestra . A shekara ta 1945 an raba ayyukansu: An ba Cade ƙungiyar mawaƙa kuma Chinner ya zama mai kula da mawaƙa. A shekara ta 1946 Adelaide Singers sun maye gurbin Adelaide Wireless Chorus,  kuma watsa shirye-shiryen su lokacin da aka sake watsa su ya haifar da sha'awa mai yawa. 

## Manazarta
Alexander Donaldson (mai sayar da littattafai)

**Alexander Donaldson** (1727 - 11 Maris 1794)  ya kasance mai sayar da littattafai na Scotland, mai bugawa, kuma mai bugawa. Donaldson shine wanda ya kafa jaridar mako-mako, Edinburgh Advertiser .  An kuma san shi da sayar da littattafai masu arha bayan haƙƙin mallaka sun ƙare ba tare da la'akari da ra'ayoyin masu sayar da littattafan London game da dukiyar wallafe-wallafen ba.

## Shekaru na farko
Donaldson ɗan Dokta James Donaldson ne (ya mutu a shekara ta 1754), mai ƙera masana'antu kuma mai ba da kuɗi na Edinburgh. Mahaifiyarsa ita ce Elizabeth Weir (ta mutu a shekara ta 1768). Yana da babban ɗan'uwa, John .  Kakan mahaifinsa shi ne Capt. James Donaldson, mai wallafa The Edinburgh Gazette .  Donaldson ya gaji kusan £ 10,000 daga mahaifinsa.

A shekara ta 1748, ya bude kantin sayar da littattafai a Edinburgh. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, a ranar 29 ga watan Agusta 1750, an sanya shi Burgess da Guild Brother na Edinburgh  ta hanyar mahaifinsa maimakon koyo. Ya auri 'yar wani dan kasuwa, Anna Marshall, a ranar 10 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1751 kuma mai yiwuwa ya sami sadaki mai yawa.

## Ayyuka
Da yake yana da ƙarfin kuɗi, Donaldson ya zama ƙaramin abokin tarayya na Alexander Kincaid daga 1751–58.  A shekararsa ta farko, Kincaid & Donaldson sun buga Rubutun Dr. Francis Home ''akan Abubuwan da ke Ciki da Kyawawan Abubuwan Dunse-Spaw'' da kuma Rubutun Henry Home *akan Ka'idojin Ɗabi'a da Addinin Halitta* . A shekarar 1752, Kincaid & Donaldson shine kaɗai mawallafin littafin David Hume na *Siyasa* .  Bayan Donaldson ya bar Kincaid, shigarsa cikin sabbin littattafan Scottish Enlightenment ta ƙare, ban da hulɗarsa da James Boswell .  Kincaid ya ci gaba da zama Lord Provost na Edinburgh . &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

Donaldson ya shiga kamfanin buga littattafai na Sands Donaldson Murray & Cochran a cikin 1755-1759.  Ya yi aiki tare da John Reid a Castlehill daga 1760 har zuwa 1765. A watan Janairun shekara ta 1764, sun fara bugawa da buga Edinburgh Advertiser, kodayake Reid ya kasance tare da jaridar kasa da shekara guda. Donaldson ya ci gaba da sayar da littattafai aƙalla biyu yayin da yake buga *Mai tallatawa* sau biyu a mako, ɗayan yana Strand, London, ɗayan kuma a Edinburgh.

Daga 1765 har zuwa 1772, yana da shago a Castlehill . Donaldson da ɗan'uwansa John suma suna da kantin sayar da littattafai a London, suna sayar da littattafan da aka buga a Scotland har zuwa Yuli 1773 lokacin da John ya kasance a shagon Arundel Street, kuma Alexander ya koma St Paul's Churchyard. A shekara ta 1774, bayan shekaru goma yana bugawa da buga Edinburgh Advertiser, Donaldson ya mika shi ga ɗansa mai shekaru 22, James.

## manazarta
R. A. U. P. Rajapaksa

Air Chief Marshal **R. A. Udeni P. Rajapaksa** RSP & biyu Bars, VSV, USP ya kasance matukin jirgi na Sojojin Sama na Sri Lanka wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Kwamandan Sojojin Jirgin Sama na Sri Sri Lanka daga Yuni 2023 zuwa Janairu 2025.  A baya, ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Ma'aikacin Sojojin Sama na Sri Lanka, Darakta na Ayyukan Jirgin Sama, Kwamandan Base SLAF Katunayake da Kwamandan Kwalejin Sojojin Jirgin Sama ta China Bay.

## Ilimi
Rajapaksa ya kammala makarantar sakandare daga Kwalejin Bandaranayake, Gampaha da Kwalejin Ananda, Colombo .

## Ayyukan Sojan Sama
Ya shiga rundunar sojin saman Sri Lanka a matsayin Jami'in Cadet a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1988 a cikin 6th Officer Cadets" Intake. Bayan ya sami horo na yau da kullun, ya shiga Kwalejin Tsaro ta Kotelawala a matsayin cadet, ya kammala karatu tare da BSc a aikin injiniya na lantarki. Daga nan sai ya kammala horo na jirgin sama na asali a No. 1 Flying Training Wing, inda aka zaba shi mafi kyawun jirgin sama a cikin 33rd Flight Cadets' course. Daga nan sai ya koma Squadron No. 2 don ci gaba da horar da jirgin sama kuma an ba shi izini a matsayin Jami'in Jirgin Sama a reshen manyan matukan jirgi a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 1990.

## Daraja
An ba Rajapaksahad lambar yabo ta h (RWP) sau biyu don jaruntaka a yaƙi; lambobin yabo na sabis ɗin Vishista Seva Vibhushanaya (VSV) da Uttama Seva Padakkama na musamman (USP) don sabis na musamman, lambar yabo ta Sri Lanka Armedal na Tsawon Ayyuka tare da ɗamara, Purna Bhumi Padakkama, lambar yabo na Rivir Campaign, lambar yabo da lambar yabo ta Gabashin Ayyukan Jama'a tare da lambar yabo, lambar yabo, Medal na Tunawa da 50th Memorial Air Force na Sri Lanka Ya sami lambar yabo ta SLAF Pilot da kuma lambar yabo ta Staff Qualified.

## Manazarta
Charles Chewings

**Charles Chewings** (16 ga Afrilu 1859 - 9 ga Yuni 1937) masanin ilimin ƙasa ne kuma masanin ilimin ɗan adam na Australiya.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Charles Chewings ɗan na uku na John Chewings, makiyayi, da matarsa Sarah (née Wall) a tashar Woorkongoree, kusa da Burra, Kudancin Australia. Wani malami ne ya ilimantar da shi kuma a Kwalejin Prince Alfred, Adelaide. Bayan ya shiga aikin kiwon tumaki, Chewings ya yi tafiya zuwa Kogin Finke a Tsakiyar Ostiraliya a cikin 1881 tare da raƙuma biyu kuma ya same su da amfani sosai har ya shigo da su kuma ya fara kasuwanci. Ya ba da wasu rahotanni game da bincikensa a cikin littafinsa The Sources of the Finke River (1886). Chewings ya auri Miss F. M. Braddock a 1887, kuma suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu da mata biyu.

## Ayyuka
Chewings ya tafi Turai a 1888 kuma ya yi karatun ilimin ƙasa a Kwalejin Jami'ar London da Jami'ar Heidelberg, inda ya sami digiri na P.h.D. Bayan ya koma Ostiraliya, Chewings ta yi aiki a Yammacin Ostiraliya tana ba da rahoto game da ma'adinai kafin ya koma Kudancin Ostiralia don ci gaba da ɗaukar raƙumi. Yana da sha'awar 'Yan asalin Australiya kuma ya yi nazarin su sosai.

Chewings yana da sha'awar gano burbushin ruwa a kan Tempe Downs Station ta manajansa F. Thornton kuma a cikin 1891 ya buga "Geological notes on the Upper Finke Basin" a cikin Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia. Ya lissafa burbushin kuma ya fara fassarar gwaji game da jerin duwatsu na yankin. Chewings ya zama mai ba da shawara kan hakar ma'adinai a Coolgardie, Yammacin Ostiraliya, a cikin 1894, kuma daga baya ya yi aiki a Tsakiyar Ostiraliya kusan kusan shekaru 20.

## Rayuwa ta baya
Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na farko, Chewings ya yi ritaya zuwa Adelaide kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga wasu takardun kimiyya da yawa da suka shafi tsakiyar Australia zuwa Ma'amala. Ya yi aiki a kan ƙamus na Harshen Aranda kuma zuwa ƙarshen 1936 ya buga wani sanannen littafi game da 'yan asalin Australiya mai taken Back in the Stone Age. Ya mutu a ranar 9 ga Yuni 1937 kuma an binne shi a Kabari na West Terrace. Chewings ya kasance ɗan ƙungiyar Geological Society of London da kuma Berlin Geological Society.

## Manazarta
Paul Campbell

**Paul Campbell** (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 1979) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Kanada . 

## Rayuwa da aiki
Paul ya girma a White Rock, British Columbia,  kuma ya kammala karatu daga Semiahmoo Secondary a shekarar 1997. 

Daga 2004 zuwa 2006 ya nuna Billy Keikeya a kan sake tunanin Battlestar Galactica .  Halin Campbell ya kasance mataimakin shugaban kasar Laura Roslin.

Campbell ya fara shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo a shekara ta 2005, yana fitowa a cikin matukin jirgi na Bill Lawrence TV Nobody's Watching, don WB . Ba a karɓi matukin jirgi zuwa jerin ba amma daga baya ya sami sananne lokacin da aka sanya shi a YouTube. Ya fito a cikin National Lampoon's Bag Boy tare da Dennis Farina a 2007.

A shekara ta 2008, Campbell ya bayyana a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya Play the Game tare da Andy Griffith, Doris Roberts, Liz Sheridan, da Marla Sokoloff . Campbell ya taka rawar matashiyar mace wacce ke koya wa kakansa mai kaɗaici, wanda ya mutu yadda za a sake shiga duniyar soyayya bayan shekaru 60.

Har ila yau, a cikin 2008, Campbell, yana wasa "Billy" a karo na biyu ya yi aiki tare a kan sake farawa na Knight Rider na NBC.

A watan Maris na shekara ta 2009, an jefa Campbell a cikin matukin jirgi na wasan kwaikwayo na ABC wanda ya danganci jerin Burtaniya No Heroics, wanda ke kewaye da manyan jarumai hudu na B-list. Ya buga jagoran kungiyar, Pete, aka Chillout, jarumi ne na Kanada wanda zai iya daskare kananan abubuwa. ABC ba ta kama matukin jirgi ba.

A shekara ta 2010, Campbell ta fito a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Almost Heroes tare da mai kirkirar jerin Ryan Belleville da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo Colin Mochrie, Lauren Ash da Athena Karkanis . Jerin ya fara ne a kan Showcase a watan Nunin 2011, tare da ƙarshen kakar wasa ta farko ta takwas da aka watsa a ranar 21 ga Yuli.

Campbell ya jagoranci simintin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na CTV *Spun Out*, tare da Dave Foley, Rebecca Dalton, Al Mukadam, Holly Deveaux,J. P. Manoux da Darcy Michael . 

## Hotunan fina-finai

## manazarta
Gary L. Eben

**Gary L. Ebben** babban Brigadier Janar ne mai ritaya a cikin Wisconsin Air National Guard . Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban janar na wucin gadi na Wisconsin National Guard kafin ya yi ritaya.

## Ayyuka
Eben ya karbi aikinsa a shekarar 1982.  Ya sami fuka-fukan matukin jirgi a Williams Air Force Base kuma an ajiye shi a Holloman Air Force Base da Barksdale Air Force Base. A shekara ta 1984, ya shiga rundunar sojan yaki ta 176 a Filin Truax a matsayin kwamandan jirgin sama na Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II. Shekaru hudu bayan haka, ya zama matukin jirgi mai koyar da A-10 tare da ƙungiyar. Daga 1991 zuwa 1995, an sanya shi a cikin 128th Tactical Fighter Wing.

A shekara ta 2002, Ebben ya zama mataimakin kwamandan abin da ya kasance 128th Tactical Fighter Wing, wanda yanzu ake kira 115th Fighter Wing. Ya kasance a wannan mukamin har zuwa shekara ta 2008, lokacin da ya zama shugaban ma'aikatan Wisconsin Air National Guard. A shekara mai zuwa, Ebben ya ɗauki umurnin Cibiyar Horar da Kwarewar Yaki a Volk Field Air National Guard Base. A shekara ta 2012, ya zama mataimakin janar janar - iska na Wisconsin Air National Guard .

Kyaututtuka da ya karɓa sun haɗa da Legion of Merit, Medal of Meritorious Service tare da tarin ganye biyu na itacen oak, Medal Air Force Commendation Medal, Medal Army Commendation, Medal na Air Force Achievement Medal, Kyautar Mai Girma tare da tarin ganyen oak guda huɗu, Kyautar Gudanarwa ta shirya tare da tarin leafle Oak Service mai suna Orb Medal Service, Medal Service Medal Service Service Medal Resadin Air Service, Medallion Air Service, Air Service Medal Ork Medal Service Merignous Medal Service da Air Service, Farko Medal Service

## Ilimi

* Jami'ar Wisconsin-Madison
* Makarantar Jami'an Squadron
* Kwalejin Air Command da Staff
* Kwalejin Yakin Sama

## Ranar matsayi
Eben ya karbi kwamishinsa kuma ya kasance a cikin soja tun 1982. Matsayinsa na yanzu shine brigadier janar.

## Manazarta
Edward Erskine Cleland

**Edward Erskine Cleland** (7 ga Afrilu 1869  - 1 ga Yulin 1943) ya kasance lauya ne na Kudancin Australia, wani lokacin ana kiransa E. Erskine cleland.

## Tarihi
An haifi Cleland a Beaumont, Kudancin Ostiraliya, ƙarami cikin 'ya'ya maza shida na John Fullerton Cleland (1821 - 29 Nuwamba 1901), Janar-Janar na Haihuwa, Mutuwa, da Auren, da Elizabeth Cleland, née Glen (- 29 Nuwamba 1901). Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Prince Alfred da Jami'ar Adelaide, inda ya kasance fitaccen memba na Law Debating Society. A cikin 1880 ya haɗu da William Pope (ya mutu a watan Agusta 1923) kuma ya sami LLB a cikin 1890 kuma an kira shi zuwa Bar washegari (26 ga Afrilu 1890), kuma an nada shi abokin tarayya ga Mr. Justice Bundey ba da daɗewa ba. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1891 ya shiga Fenn & Hardy a matsayin abokin tarayya. A ranar 1 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1898 ya bar wannan kamfani don shiga Josiah Symon, K.C. don kafa Symon, Rounsevell, da Cleland.

A ranar 26 ga watan Disamba 1912 an nada shi mai ba da shawara ga Sarki. Kamfanin ya kasance mai ban mamaki wajen samun masu ba da shawara biyu na Sarki. Ya ƙunshi Sir Josiah Henry Symon, Horace Vernon Rounsevell, Edward Erskine Cleland, da Charles James Ballaarat Symon, an rushe shi a watan Yulin 1914, kuma an sake kafa shi a matsayin Symon, Rounsevel & Symon, a Gladstone Chambers, Pirie Street, Adelaide. Cleland ya ci gaba a matsayin lauya da lauya a Selborne Chambers, kuma a kan Pirie Street.

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ya zama KC, ya kafa haɗin gwiwa tare da ɗansa, Thomas Erskine Cleland, wanda a cikin 1921 ya zama Cleland, Cleland, & Teesdale Smith;[1] sannan Cleland, Holland, & Teasdale Smith.

### Zaɓuɓɓukan shari'o'i

Ya kasance lauya mai aiki sosai; a cikin 1913 an yi la'akari da shi yana da shari'o'i da yawa a gaban Babban Kotun fiye da kowane lauya;  manyan shari'oʼin da aka riƙe Cleland sun haɗa da:

## Manazarta
Albert J. Edmonds

**Albert Joseph Edmonds**  (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1942) shi ne janar janar na rundunar sojin saman Amurka wanda ya yi ritaya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan Hukumar Kula da Bayanai ta Tsaro daga 1994 zuwa 1997. An haife shi a Columbus, Jojiya . An ba da umarnin Edmonds a 1964 bayan kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Horar da Jami'an Sojan Sama.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife shi a ranar 17 ga Janairu, 1942 a Columbus, Jojiya, Edmonds ya kasance jami'in aiki a cikin Sojojin Sama na Amurka wanda daga ƙarshe ya sami matsayin janar janar. Ya kammala karatu daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Spencer a Columbus sannan ya sami digiri na BS a fannin ilmin sunadarai daga Kwalejin Morris Brown a 1964 da kuma digiri na MA a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam daga Jami'ar Hampton a 1966. Edmonds ya halarci Kwalejin Air Command da Staff da Kwalejin Masana'antu na Sojoji a 1974 kuma ya kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Yakin Air a 1980.  A shekara ta 1987, ya kammala shirin tsaro na kasa na Jami'ar Harvard don manyan jami'ai.

Edmonds ya fara aikin soja ne lokacin da ya shiga rundunar sojan sama a 1964 kuma an ba shi izini a matsayin mataimakin na biyu bayan kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Horar da Jami'ai a Lackland Air Force Base, Texas. Ayyukansa na farko ya kasance a Keesler Air Force Base, Mississippi, sannan a 1966 a Langley Air Force Base.

A shekara ta 1969, an sanya Edmonds a Hickam Air Force Base, Hawaii a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar dubawa, tallafin aikin gaggawa na darektan yankin Sadarwar Pacific. Aikinsa na farko na kasashen waje ya zo ne lokacin da aka sanya shi a Takhli Royal Thai Air Force Base, Thailand a matsayin Babban Jami'in Ayyuka tare da 2083rd Communications Squadron.

A shekara ta 1973, Edmonds ya karbi aikinsa na farko na Pentagon a hedikwatar, Sojojin Sama na Amurka, Washington, DC inda yake da alhakin shirye-shiryen sadarwa na iska a nahiyar Amurka, Alaska, Kanada, Kudancin Amurka, Greenland, da Iceland. Bayan aiki na shekaru biyu wanda ya fara a 1975 a Hukumar Sadarwar Tsaro a Arlington, Virginia, a 1977 an sanya shi a Anderson Air Force Base, Guam a matsayin darektan sadarwa-electronics, Strategic Air Command's 3rd division kuma a matsayin kwamandan 27th communication squadron.

A shekara ta 1979, ya halarci Kwalejin Yakin Jirgin Sama a Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama . Bayan kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1980, Edmonds ya koma hedkwatar, Sojojin Sama don yin aiki a Ofishin Mataimakin Shugaban Ma'aikata, Shirye-shirye da Ayyuka. A shekara ta 1983, an sanya shi a hedkwatar, Tactical Air Command, Langley Air Force Base amma a shekara ta 1988, an nada shi darektan Kwamandan, Kulawa, Sadarwa da Kwamfuta, Kwamandan Tsakiya na Amurka, MacDill Air Force Base, Florida. Wannan umurnin yana da alhakin bukatun soja na Amurka a kasashe 19 a fadin Horn of Africa, Persian Gulf, da Kudu maso Yammacin Asiya.

## Manazarta
Fred E. Ellis

**Fred E. Ellis** tsohon babban janar ne a cikin Texas Air National Guard .

Ellis da farko ya shiga rundunar sojin saman Amurka a shekarar 1968. Ya kasance a Keesler Air Force Base har zuwa 1970, a wannan lokacin an sanya shi a Griffiss Air Force Base.

Bayan an sanya shi a Cibiyar Ma'aikatan Air Reserve, Ellis ya shiga Texas Air National Guard a shekarar 1972.  A shekara ta 1985, ya zama kwamandan 254th Combat Communications Group. Ya kasance a cikin mukamin har zuwa 1995 lokacin da ya zama mataimakin Air National Guard ga Mataimakin Shugaban Ma'aikatan Sadarwa da Bayanai na Sojojin Sama. A shekara ta 1998, Ellis ya zama mataimakin Air National Guard ga Darakta na Sadarwa da Bayanai.

Kyaututtuka da ya samu a lokacin aikinsa sun hada da Legion of Merit, Medal of Meritorious Service, Air Force Commendation Medal, Air Force Outstanding Unit Award, the Organization Excellence Award, the National Defense Service Medal, the Air Force Longevity Service Award, the Combat Preadiness Medal, da Sojojin Tsaro Medal da Air Force Training Ribbon.

## Ilimi

* Jami'ar Fasaha ta Texas
* Jami'ar Southern Methodist
* Makarantar Jami'an Squadron
* Kwalejin Air Command da Staff
* Kwalejin Yakin Sama

## Manazarta
Timothy G. Fay

**Timothy George Fay**  ya yi ritaya daga rundunar sojin saman Amurka wanda ya yi aiki na karshe a matsayin Darakta na Ma'aikatan Sojojin Sama na Amurka daga 2020 zuwa 2021. Kafin wannan, ya kasance mataimakin shugaban ma'aikata na dabarun, hadewa da buƙatu daga 2018 zuwa 2020.

Fay an ba da izini ne bayan kammala karatunsa daga Kwalejin Sojan Sama ta Amurka a 1987. An gudanar da rantsuwarsa a ranar 6 ga Yuli, 2022, tare da ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2021.

## Ranar gabatarwa

## Kyaututtuka da kayan ado

## Manazarta
Edward M. Flanagan Jr.

**Edward M. Flanagan Jr.** (13 ga Yulin 1921 - 7 ga Nuwamba 2019) ya kasance jami'in aiki a cikin Sojojin Amurka . Tsohon sojan yakin duniya na biyu, Yaƙin Koriya, da Yaƙin Vietnam, ya yi aiki daga 1943 zuwa 1978 kuma ya kai matsayin janar janar. Ayyukan Flanagan sun haɗa da Cibiyar Yakin Yakin Musamman ta John F. Kennedy da Makarantar, 1st Infantry Division, da Sojoji na shida, kuma lambobin yabo sun haɗa da lambobin yabo guda biyu na Medal na Ayyuka na Sojoji, lambobin yabo biyu na Legion of Merit, da Medal na Bronze Star.

Dan asalin ƙauyen Saugerties, New York, Flanagan ya kammala karatu tare da aji na lokacin yaƙi na Kwalejin Sojan Amurka na Janairu 1943 kuma ya cancanci a cikin Ofishin Artillery kuma ya kammala karatu daga Makarantar Sojan Sama ta Amurka, sannan ya yi aiki a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu na Philippines na 1944 da 1945, gami da yaƙi a Luzon. Daga baya ya shiga cikin Yaƙin Okinawa da mamaye Japan .

## Rayuwa ta farko

Edward Michael Flanagan Jr., wanda ake kira "Fly", an haife shi a ƙauyen Saugerties, New York a ranar 13 ga Yuli 1921, ɗan Edward Michael Flinagan Sr. da Marie (Sinnott) Flanagan .  Ya girma kuma ya yi karatu a Saugerties, kuma ya kammala karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Saugerties a shekarar 1937.   Daga nan sai ya halarci Kwalejin Soja ta Staunton a shirye-shiryen halartar Kwalejin Tsaro ta Amurka (West Point).  A watan Janairun 1939, Flanagan na ɗaya daga cikin masu neman takara biyu waɗanda suka sami nasarar kammala jarrabawar gasa don alƙawura zuwa West Point wanda wakilin Amurka Lewis K. Rockefeller ya bayar. 

Flanagan ya halarci West Point daga Yuli 1939 zuwa Janairu 1943, lokacin da ajin sa ya kammala buƙatun da wuri saboda buƙatar ƙwararrun jami'ai a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II. Flanagan ya kammala karatu a matsayi na 283 na 409, kuma ya karbi kwamishinsa a matsayin mataimakin na biyu na Field Artillery. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya kammala karatun Artillery Officer Basic Course a Fort Sill, Oklahoma da kuma Makarantar Sojojin Sojan Sama ta Amurka. An ɗaukaka shi zuwa mataimakin farko a watan Mayu na shekara ta 1943.

## Manazarta
Michael E. Fortney

**Michael E. Fortney** babban janar ne mai ritaya a cikin Sojojin Sama na Amurka . Ya kasance Mataimakin Kwamandan Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Duniya daga 2015 har zuwa lokacin da ya yi ritaya a 2017.

## Ayyukan soja
Fortney da farko ya shiga cikin Sojojin Sama na Amurka a shekarar 1978. An ba shi izini a matsayin jami'in a shekarar 1986 kuma an ajiye shi a sansanin sojan sama na Minot. A cikin 1990, Fortney ya zama Babban Jami'in Rukunin Jirgin Sama na 57 a Minot.

A shekara ta 1992, an kafa Fortney a Francis E. Warren Air Force Base. Daga nan aka sanya shi a sansanin sojan sama na Vandenberg. Bayan ya yi aiki a Kwamandan dabarun Amurka daga 1999 zuwa 2001, ya koma Vandenberg Air Force Base.

Daga shekara ta 2004 zuwa shekara ta 2005, an kafa Fortney a Tinker Air Force Base. A shekara ta 2005, ya koma Francis E. Warren Air Force Base kuma ya zama kwamandan 90th Operations Group. Fortney daga nan ya sake komawa Vandenberg kuma ya zama Mataimakin Kwamandan 30th Space Wing a 2007. A shekara mai zuwa, ya ɗauki kwamandan 341st Missile Wing a Malmstrom Air Force Base. Bayan ya sake yin aiki na wani lokaci a Kwamandan Dabarun Amurka, ya ɗauki matsayinsa na yanzu a cikin 2011.

Kyaututtuka da Fortney ya karɓa sun haɗa da lambar yabo ta Tsaro mafi girma tare da tarin ganye na itacen oak, Legion of Merit tare da tarin ganyen oak, lambar yabo ta tsaro, lambar yabo mai daraja tare da tarin bishiyoyi biyu, lambar yabo na Air Force tare da tarin itatuwan oak guda biyu, lambar lambar yabo ta Air Force tare legar da tarin ganyen oak guda ɗaya, lambar yabo da lambar yabo na Combat Readiness da lambar yabo da tauraron sabis na Tsaro.

## Ilimi

* Jami'ar Wayland Baptist
* Jami'ar Virginia Darden Makarantar Kasuwanci
* Makarantar Gwamnati ta John F. Kennedy - Jami'ar Harvard
* Makarantar Jami'an Squadron
* Kwalejin Air Command da Staff
* Kwalejin Ma'aikatan Sojoji
* Kwalejin Yakin Ruwa

## Manazarta
Mitch Crowden

**Mitchell Jai Crowden**  (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga Afrilu 1999) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Australiya wanda ya buga wa Fremantle Football Club a cikin Australian Football League (AFL).

## Farkon aiki
Asalinsa daga Meadows a cikin Adelaide Hills, Crowden ya buga wa Sturt wasa a Kudancin Kudancin Australia (SANFL), yana wasa a duka kungiyoyin su na 2017 da kuma 'yan wasa. Bayan ya yi gwaji sosai a Kudancin Australiya, inda ya gama a saman 5 a cikin dukkan rukunoni shida, Fremantle ta zaba shi tare da zabin su na huɗu, na hamsin da tara gabaɗaya, a cikin shirin kasa na AFL na 2017.

## Ayyukan AFL
0Crowden ya fara bugawa Fremantle wasa a AFL a zagaye na biyu na kakar 2018 ta AFL. [undefined] Crowden ya sanya hannu kan karin kwangilar shekaru biyu a watan Maris na shekara ta 2018 wanda ya ɗaure shi da kulob din har zuwa karshen kakar 2021.[1] Bayan kammala kakar AFL ta 2022 Fremantle ta cire Mitch.[2]

## Manazarta