Makhan Singh

**Makhan Singh** **Jabbal** (27 Disamba 1913).18 ga Mayu 1973) shugaba ne na ƙungiyar ƙwadago na Kenya wacce aka ba da lamuni da kafa tushen haɗin gwiwar kasuwanci a Kenya.  Ana ganin ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a gwagwarmayar neman 'yanci na Kenya. Turawan mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya sun tsare shi tsawon shekaru 11 daga 1950 zuwa 1961 - tsarewa mafi daɗewa a siyasance a tarihin Kenya.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Makhan Singh a Gharjakh, ƙauye a gundumar Gujranwala, Punjab ga dangin Sikh. A cikin shekarar 1927, yana ɗan shekara 13, ya ƙaura tare da danginsa zuwa Nairobi, gundumar da, tun 1905, ta yi aiki a matsayin babban birnin gudanarwa na British East African protectorate. 

## Ƙungiyar 'yantar da 'yancin Indiya
Daga ƙarshen yakin duniya na biyu ya shiga kungiyar 'yantar da 'yancin Indiya daga Kenya inda a lokacin da yake tsare a gidan yari na Gujarat, an sake shi bayan an yi azumi da yawa har ya mutu. 

An kafa Ƙungiyar Kasuwancin Indiya a cikin shekarar 1934 kuma Makhan Singh ya zaɓi sakatarenta ba da daɗewa ba, a cikin watan Maris 1935. Ba da daɗewa ba, Makhan Singh ya shawo kan ƴan uwansa kusan 500 ƴan ƙungiyar da su canza sunan ƙungiyar su zuwa Ƙungiyar Kwadago ta Kenya da buɗe mamba ga kowa, ba tare da la'akari da launin fata ba.  Matakin Singh a mataki na asali, na ma'ana da kuma faffaɗan matakin kungiya, ya nuna aniyarsa ta rabuwa da kuncin siyasa da ƙabilanci na rayuwar yau da kullun a Kenya mai mulkin mallaka. Don haka, marubuciyar tarihin rayuwar Nazmi Durrani ta ce, ƙungiyar ta buga littattafanta a Kiswahili baya ga Punjabi, Gujarati da Urdu. Wannan yana ƙarfafa mu mu yi imani da cewa shigar Makhan Singh na 'yan Afirka a cikin ayyukansa na ƙungiyar kasuwanci ba kawai alama ce ba kuma ya ƙudurta cewa ya kai ga ɗimbin jinsin da aka karkasa su.  An kama shi a cikin 1943 kuma a cikin Janairu 1945, an sake shi. Ba tare da bata lokaci ba, ya ɗauki aiki a matsayin babban edita a *Jang-i-Azadi*, wanda Kwamitin Punjab na Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ya buga kowane mako.  Kenya ta kasance cibiyar Ghadr Party har zuwa 1947. Punjabis uku Bishan Singh na ƙauyen Gakhal Jalandhar, Ganesh Das da Yog Raj Bali na Rawalpindi an gwada su tare da rataye su a bainar jama'a a watan Disamba 1915 Saboda mallaka da rarraba *Ghadr*.

## Kungiyar neman 'Yanci ta Kenya
A Kenya ya yi wani abu da ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba. A cikin watan Afrilu, Makhan Singh ya yi kira a Nairobi da *Uhuru Sasa*, furcin Kiswahili yana nufin *<nowiki/>'Yanci Yanzu* .  A karon farko, wani ya umurci Birtaniya da su ba da cikakken 'yancin kai ga yankunansu na Gabashin Afirka . 

A shekarar 1935, ya kafa kungiyar kwadago ta kasar Kenya, sannan a shekarar 1949, shi da Fred Kubai suka kafa kungiyar kwadago ta gabashin Afirka, kungiyar farko ta tsakiya ta kungiyoyin kwadago a kasar Kenya. 

Bayan ya yi magana a fili da kuma kakkausar murya kan mamayar Ingila da mulkin mallaka a Kenya a ranar 23 ga Afrilu 1950 a zauren Kaloleni na Nairobi, Makhan Singh an kama shi a cikin kwanaki 21 a ranar 15 ga Mayu. Ba da gangan ya bai wa Turawan mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya damar rufe shi ba. A wata shari'a a Nyeri, Chanan Singh (daga baya Justice Chanan Singh) ya kare shi da ƙarfi da ƙarfi. An wanke shi. 

Yayin da yake gidan yari yana shirya yajin aiki da azumi. Ko da yake babban abin da ya yi a kan ikonsa shi ne daga shekarun 1951 zuwa 1955, inda ya ba da Sashen Nairobi, Kungiyar Kasuwancin Kenya ta dakatar da kasuwanci da Birtaniya gaba daya.  Bayan da ya bar gidan yari a shekarar 1961 ya sami damar sake kafa kungiyar kwadago duk da cewa Jomo Kenyatta da shi, a lokacin abokan huldar mutuntawa iri daya ne a cikin al'umma, sun iya yin shawarwari da Birtaniya don kafa kasar Kenya a matsayin dimokuradiyya, ko da yake yana son ta zama al'ummar gurguzu. 

## Rayuwa Bayan Independence
Bayan samun 'yancin kai, Makhan Singh ba a saka shi cikin kowace ƙasa ba. A cikin zuciyarsa, ya zama mai rangwame a cikin jama'a kuma ya karkatar da hankalinsa ga rubuta tarihin kungiyar kwadago ta Kenya a cikin kundinsa. Ya mutu sakamakon bugun zuciya a ranar 18 ga Mayu 1973 yana da shekaru 59.

## Manazarta