William McWilliams

**William James McWilliams** (12 ga Oktoba 1856 - 22 ga Oktoba 1929) ɗan jaridar Australiya ne kuma ɗan siyasa. Ya kasance shugaban farko na Jam'iyyar Country daga 1920 zuwa 1921 kuma ya yi aiki a majalisar tarayya kusan kusan shekaru 20.

An haifi McWilliams a Bream Creek, Tasmania, ga baƙi na Irish. Ya zama ɗan jarida tun yana ƙarami, yana aiki a Hobart da Launceston, kuma ya zama editan jarida da mai shi. McWilliams ya yi aiki a Majalisar Tarayyar Tasmania daga 1893 zuwa 1900. An zabe shi a Majalisar Wakilai a Zaben tarayya na 1903, yana tsaye a matsayin dan takarar Haraji. Daga baya ya shiga Jam'iyyar Liberal Party da Nationalist Party, kafin ya taimaka wajen kafa jam'iyyar Country Party bayan Zaben 1919. McWilliams ya yi aiki a takaice a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar na farko Shafin Earle Page ya maye gurbinsa. An kayar da shi a 1922, amma ya sake lashe zaben a matsayin mai zaman kansa a 1928 inda ya ba da gudummawa ga cin nasarar gwamnatin Bruce-Page.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi McWilliams a ranar 12 ga Oktoba 1856 a Bream Creek, Tasmania .  Shi ne na uku cikin 'ya'ya biyar na Eliza (née Caldwell) da Thomas James McWilliams .  Iyayensa baƙi ne na Irish - membobin Ikilisiyar Ireland - waɗanda suka yi ƙaura zuwa Tasmania a 1855 a ƙarƙashin tsarin taimako don kafa makarantar a Franklin . 

McWilliams da farko ya bi iyayensa cikin aikin koyarwa amma yana da shekaru 20 ya koma Hobart kuma ya fara aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida ga *Tasmanian Mail* . Daga baya ya koma Launceston kuma ya yi aiki ga The Examiner a matsayin mai ba da rahoto na majalisa. A shekara ta 1883 an nada shi editan The Telegraph, "yana ba da shawarar harajin ƙasa da ba a inganta ba da kuma rage ayyukan al'ada".

## Siyasa

### Siyasa ta mulkin mallaka
An zabi McWilliams a Majalisar Tarayyar Tasmania a Babban zaben 1893, inda ya lashe kujerar Ringarooma . Ya kasance mai goyon bayan gwamnatin Edward Braddon kuma an sake zabarsa a Zaben 1897, amma ya rasa kujerarsa a shekarar 1900.

A cikin majalisa, McWilliams ya ba da shawara sosai a madadin manoma, ya bincika yiwuwar gabatar da noma a cikin Tasmania, kuma ya taimaka wajen gano Ofishin Yanayi na Tasmania. Ya kuma goyi bayan ba da mata da tsoffin masu laifi kuri'a  amma ya yi adawa da Tarayyar, yana gaskanta ya kamata a jinkirta shi.

### Siyasa ta Tarayya
Da yake sauyawa zuwa siyasar tarayya, McWilliams ya lashe Franklin a Zaben 1903 a matsayin Mai ba da haraji wanda ke tallafawa Jam'iyyar Free Trade a kan mafi yawan batutuwan tattalin arziki.

A cikin majalisa, McWilliams, kamar kusan dukkanin 'yan uwansa, sun goyi bayan Manufofin White Australia amma sun yi adawa da kashe kudi na tarayya a kan batutuwa kamar kafa Babban Kotun Australia, sashen noma na tarayya, hanyar jirgin kasa ta transcontinental, da kuma mallakar Tarayyar Arewacin Yankin. Kamar yadda yake a majalisar dokokin jihar, McWilliams ya kasance mai ba da shawara kan al'amuran karkara, yana tallafawa masana'antar katako da masu samar da farko.

### Shekaru na ƙarshe a majalisa
McWilliams ya ci nasara a Franklin da dan takarar Nationalist Alfred Seabrook a Zaben tarayya na 1922, kuma bai yi nasara ba ya nemi dawo da kujerarsa a Zaben 1925. [1] A cewar The News, an ruwaito cewa ya nemi amincewar Majalisar Yakin Kasa, kungiyar Tasmanian da ke daidaita 'yan takarar adawa da Labour, amma yana so a amince da shi a matsayin dan takarar Jam'iyyar Kasar maimakon a matsayin dan kasa.[undefined] Bayan da aka yi masa mummunan rauni ya bayyana cewa ya "yi aiki a kan wani bangare kuma ya shirya aiki a kan ɗayan".[2]

## Rayuwa ta mutum
A shekara ta 1893, McWilliams ya auri Josephine Fullerton (née Hardy), wanda a baya ya zama gwauruwa. Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya uku,  yayin da ɗan sarki William Fullerton ya yi aiki a Majalisar Tasmanian.