Julia Cartwright Ady

**Julia Mary Cartwright Ady** (7 Nuwamba 1851 - 28 Afrilu 1924) masaniyar tarihi ce kuma mai sukar fasaha 'yar Birtaniya wadda aikinta ya mayar da hankali kan Renaissance na Italiya .

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Cartwright Ady a Edgcote, Northamptonshire, cikin dangin Northamptonshire masu daraja, 'yar Richard Aubrey Cartwright da Hon Mary Fremantle, 'yar Thomas Fremantle, Baron Cottesloe na 1st .  Ta yi renon Anglican mai sassaucin ra'ayi kuma an koyar da ita a gida a fannin fasaha, adabi, harsuna, rawa da kiɗa. 

Cartwright Ady ta fara sha'awar fasaha tun da farko, musamman a lokacin Renaissance na Italiya. Ɗan uwanta William Cornwallis Cartwright mai tattara fasaha ne kuma mai goyon bayan Risorgimento na Italiya, kuma Cartwright Ady yakan ziyarci gidansa a Aynhoe Park inda ta fara ganin ayyukan Old Masters.  Tarin 'yar uwarta ya haɗa da zane-zane na Murillo, Canaletto, Spagnoletto da Albano.  Cartwright Ady ta karanta sosai tun tana ƙarama, tana ɗauke da rubuce-rubucen tarihi na Italiya, almara na zamani da wallafe-wallafen fasaha na Burtaniya na yanzu. Ta yaba wa waƙoƙin Robert Browning da kundinsa na *Maza da Mata* (1855) tare da waƙoƙin ' Fra Filippo Lippi ' da ' Andrea del Sarto ', waɗanda, waɗanda masu zane-zanen Renaissance na Italiya suka yi wahayi zuwa gare su, suka yi mata tasiri sosai. Ta kuma kasance mai son karatu  na John Ruskin, George Eliot da rubuce-rubuce da waƙoƙin Italiya na farko kamar na Savonarola da Torquato Tasso . 

A shekarar 1868, ta yi rangadin Faransa, Austria, da Italiya tare da iyalinta. 

## Sukar fasaha da wallafe-wallafe
Cartwright Ady marubuci ne mai daraja kuma ƙwararre a fannin fasaha wanda ya rubuta wa manyan jaridun fasaha kuma ya buga littattafai 23 kan fasaha da tarihi. 

A shekara ta 1871, Cartwright Ady ta ba da gudummawar wani kasida a cikin *Mujallar Aunt Judy*, sannan ta rubuta a cikin *Kundin Wata-wata*, da kuma jerin "Rayayyun Waliyyai". Ta karanta ayyukan fasaha na Renaissance, ciki har da na Anna Jameson, John Ruskin, Charles Lock Eastlake, Walter Pater, musamman *Sabon Tarihin Zane-zane a Italiya* na Joseph Archer Crowe da Giovanni Battista Cavalcaselle . A shekara ta 1873, Cartwright Ady ta gabatar da wani kasida kan Giotto ga *Mujallar Macmillan*, wanda aka ƙi a lokacin, amma ya bayyana a cikin *New Quarterly* a shekara ta 1877. Cartwright ta ci gaba da rubuta suka kan fasaha ga mujallu kamar *The Portfolio* da *Mujallar Fasaha* . Ta ziyarci Italiya aƙalla sau uku a cikin shekarun 1870 kuma a ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan lokutan ta haɗu da Rev William Henry Ady wanda ta shawo kansa ya hau mukamin shugaban coci a Edgcote kuma ta yi aure a shekara ta 1880. 

A shekara ta 1881, Cartwright Ady ta buga littafin tarihin zane-zanenta na farko, *Mantegna da Francia*, daga baya kuma ta rubuta littattafai kan Sandro Botticelli  da Raphael .  

Littattafan Cartwright Ady da suka fi shahara sune tarihin rayuwarta na Isabella d'Este,  mai kula da zane-zane na Renaissance, da ƙanwarta, Beatrice d'Este, 

Cartwright Ady ta yi tsokaci kan rayuwar mata a wasu rubuce-rubuce, ciki har da littattafai kan Dorothy Sidney, uwargidan Edmund Waller, Henrietta, Duchess na Orléans, 'yar'uwar Charles II, Baldassare Castiglione da Christina ta Denmark, 'yar ƙasar Denmark mai son fasaha.

A shekarar 1901, ta buga littafin *The Painters of Florence daga ƙarni na sha uku zuwa ƙarni na sha shida*  da kuma a shekarar 1914, *Lambunan Italiya na Renaissance da sauran Nazari* .  

Cartwright Ady ya kuma ba da gudummawa ga ilimin fasaha na ƙarni na 19, gami da littafi kan rayuwar Jean-François Millet da rubuce-rubuce kan James Mallord William Turner, Edwin Landseer, James Abbot McNeil Whistler da Pre-Raphaelites, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, da Edward Burne-Jones .

Ta kasance mai kyakkyawan fata game da wasu nau'ikan fasahar zamani, amma ta yi mamakin baje kolin Post-Impressionist na 1912 wanda Roger Fry ya shirya a Grafton Galleries . Sukar da ta yi wa zane-zane ta samo asali ne daga Walter Pater da ƙwarewar Giovanni Morelli, da kuma abotarta da marubuci kuma marubucin fasaha Vernon Lee .

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Bayan mutuwar mijinta a shekarar 1915, Cartwright Ady ta ƙaura zuwa Oxford ta mutu a can a shekarar 1924. 'Yarta, Cecilia Ady (1881–1958) ita ma masaniyar tarihi ce a Renaissance. 

## Littattafai

* *Mantegna da Francia* . London: Sampson Low & Co., 1881.
* *Hanyar Mahajjata daga Winchester zuwa Canterbury ... Tare da zane-zane arba'in da shida na A. Quinton* . London: JS Virtue & Co., 1893.
* *Sacharissa; wasu bayanai game da Dorothy Sidney, Countess ta Sunderland, iyalinta da abokanta, 1617-1684* . London: Seeley & Co., 1893.
* *Jules Bastien-Lepage* . London: Seeley and Co., Limited; New York: Macmillan and Co., 1894.
* *Madam. Rayuwar Henrietta, 'yar Charles I. da Duchess na Orleans* . London: Seeley & Co., 1894.
* *Sir Edward Burne-Jones, Bart. Rayuwarsa da aikinsa.* London: JS Virtue & Co., 1894.
* *Aikin Farko na Raphael.* London: Seeley and Co., Limited; New York: Macmillan and Co., 1895.
* *Raphael a Roma.* London: Seeley and Co., Limited; New York: Macmillan and Co., 1895.
* *GF Watts, Masanin Ilimi na Royal. Rayuwarsa da aikinsa.* London: JS Virtue & Co., 1896.
* *Jean François Millet. Rayuwarsa da wasiƙunsa.* London: S. Sonnenschein & Co., 1896.
* *Almasihu da Mahaifiyarsa a cikin Fasahar Italiyanci.* An gyara ta J. Cartwright ... Tare da gabatarwar Robert Eyton. LP, London: Bliss, Sands & Co., 1897.
* *Beatrice d'Este, Duchess na Milan, 1475-1497. Nazarin Renaissance.* London: JM Dent & Co., 1899.
* *Masu Zane-zane na Florence daga ƙarni na sha uku zuwa na sha shida.* London: John Murray, 1901.
* *Isabella d'Este, Marchioness na Mantua, 1474-1539; nazarin Renaissance* . London: John Murray, 1903.
* *Rayuwa da Fasaha ta Sandro Botticelli.* London: Duckworth & Co., 1904.
* *Raphael.* London: Duckworth & Co.; New York: EP Dutton & co., 1905.
* *Baldassare Castiglione cikakken mai fada, rayuwarsa da wasiƙunsa, 1478-1529.* London: John Murray, 1908.
* *Kotun Hampton.* Landan: Wells Gardner & Co., 1910.
* *Christina ta Denmark, Duchess ta Milan da Lorraine, 1522-1590.* Landan: John Murray, 1913.
* *Lambunan Italiya na Renaissance, da Sauran Nazari.* London: Smith, Elder & Co., 1914.

## Manazarta