Peggy Duff

**Peggy Duff** (8 Fabrairu 1910 - 16 Afrilu 1981) yar gwagwarmayar siyasa ce ta Biritaniya wacce ta fara aikinta tare da zanga-zangar adawa da yadda fursunonin yaki na Jamus suka yi a Burtaniya bayan yakin duniya na biyu. An san ta da farko saboda gudunmawar da ta bayar ga yunkurin zaman lafiya a matsayin mai shirya gangamin kawar da makaman nukiliya. Noam Chomsky, abokin nata ya bayyana Duff a matsayin "daya daga cikin mutanen da suka canza tarihin zamani". 

## Asali
An haifi Duff a matsayin **Margaret Doreen Eames** a Chiswick, Middlesex.  Ita ce babbar diya kuma ɗan tsakiya na Frank Eames, magatakardar hannun jari, da Evelyn Rose Eames ( née Pitman. Daga 1921, ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Hastings na 'Yan mata ; a cikin 1929 na shugabar makarantar ta bayyana ta a matsayin "mai son jama'a sosai" bayan ta kammala karatun jami'a a Bedford College, University of London, ta zamo 'yar jarida kuma a cikin 1933 ta auri Bill Duff, abokin aikinta na jarida a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu yayin da yake ba da rahoto wani harin jirgin sama na Amurka a kan tashar jirgin kasa na Burma don jaridar sojojin da ke dauke da makamai.

## Harkar siyasa
Duff ta fara shiga cikin yakin neman zaman lafiya a ƙarshen 1930s. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, ta shiga Common Wealth, jam'iyyar gurguzu mai ra'ayin gurguzu ta hagu ta Labour, wadda Sir Richard Acland ya kafa. Bayan zaben 1945, wanda Common Wealth ya ba da kuri'a ga Jam'iyyar Labour, Duff yana aiki da kungiyar Victor Golancz ta Save Europe Now, wadda ta aika da abinci da tufafi zuwa Jamus da Ostiriya da suka mamaye daga Birtaniya, kuma ta yi yakin neman mayar da fursunonin yaki. Daga 1949 zuwa 1955 ta kasance manajan kasuwanci na jaridar *Tribune*, sannan aka gano tare da magoya bayan jam'iyyar Labour Aneurin Bevan. 

A taƙaice yin aiki tare da Golancz kuma, Duff ya zama sakatare na yaƙin neman zaɓe na kasa don kawar da hukuncin babban birnin kasar, wanda aka kafa a watan Agustan 1955, a wani ɓangare a matsayin martani ga yawancin kisa masu rikitarwa (ciki har da na Ruth Ellis ). A cikin 1956, an zabe ta a matsayin memba na Labour Council na St Pancras Borough Council, wanda a kan haka ta zama Babban Lauyan Kungiyar Kwadago. Duff ya kasance kansila a Majalisar gundumar Camden London, na gundumar Camden, daga 1964 har zuwa 1968.  Ta kuma goyi bayan haƙƙoƙin masu hayan gidaje na kansila, amma ta yin hakan ya ba da haske ga sake fasalin gine-ginen gine-gine da shirye-shiryen share fage waɗanda galibi ana ganin sun lalata unguwar da take yi wa hidima.

## Yakin Kare Makaman Nukiliya
A taron Jam'iyyar Labour a 1957, Aneurin Bevan, sannan Sakataren Harkokin Waje na Shadow, ya ba magoya bayansa mamaki ta hanyar yin tir da buƙatun kwance damarar makaman nukiliya. A cikin watan Nuwamban wannan shekarar, Duff ya mayar da martani ta hanyar shiga tare da wasu don kafa kamfen na kawar da makaman nukiliya (CND), da nufin shawo kan Birtaniyya da ta "yi watsi da amfani ko kera makaman nukiliya ba tare da wani sharadi ba tare da kin barin wasu su yi amfani da su wajen kare ta". Duff ta zama Sakatariyar Tsara don yaƙin neman zaɓe, kuma ƙarfinta da ƙarfinta ya zama sananne ga magoya bayansa. Canon John Collins, Shugaban CND, ya lura cewa ba ta taba ba da ra'ayi na yadda ya dace ba "kuma ya yi kama da kullun", amma aikinta yana da sakamako mai ban sha'awa. Ta shirya na biyu kuma na gaba Aldermaston Marches daga 1959 zuwa 1963. 

## Daga baya rai da mutuwa
A cikin 1965, Duff ya fara aiki ga Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Rage Makamai da Zaman Lafiya, ya yi murabus a matsayin Babban Sakatare na CND a 1967. Ta yi murabus daga jam'iyyar Labour a ranar 10 ga Mayu na wannan shekarar saboda goyon bayan diflomasiyya da Firaiminista Harold Wilson ya baiwa Amurka a yakin Vietnam da kuma kin yin Allah wadai da mulkin kama-karya na Girka na "Kanar". Daga baya ta rubuta abubuwan tarihinta, *Hagu, Hagu, Hagu* ( Allison &amp;amp; Busby, 1971). Duff kuma ya gyara kuma ya rubuta wani ɓangare na *Yaƙi ko Zaman Lafiya a Gabas ta Tsakiya?* (1978), wanda a ciki ta yi jayayya cewa "ba za a sake bincikar Isra'ila ba". Ta mutu da ciwon nono a Asibitin Kwalejin Jami'ar, tana da shekaru 71,  kuma an binne ta a makabartar Hampstead .

## Abubuwan da ta bari
Noam Chomsky ya kira Duff "daya daga cikin jaruman da ba a san su ba, saboda ta yi yawa," kuma ya ce "ya kamata ta lashe kyautar Nobel ta zaman lafiya kusan sau ashirin." Ya bayyana ta a matsayin "jagora", a cikin duka CND da kuma gwagwarmayar yaki da Vietnam. 

Majalisar Karamar Hukumar Camden London ta kafa alluna mai shuɗi a 11 Albert Street, Camden Town, London, don girmama ta, tana karanta: "Peggy Duff, 1910 - 1981, Babban Sakatare na Farko na Kamfen don Kare Makaman Nukiliya da ɗan majalisa, ya zauna a nan." 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin sunayen masu fafutukar zaman lafiya

## Manazarta