open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Rufus Keeler

**Rufus Bradley Keeler** (1885 - 29 ga Oktoba, 1934) ƙwararren mai gyaran yumbu ne da kuma goge yumbu. Ya kasance mai kula da shuka na California China Products, wanda ya kafa California Clay Products (CalCo),    kuma manajan shuka na Malibu Potteries .   Ya auri Mary E. Leary kuma yana da 'ya'ya maza uku da 'ya mace ɗaya, ciki har da mai gyaran yumbu Bradley Burr Keeler, wanda ya kafa Brad Keeler Artwares  kuma wanda ya zama shugaban ƙungiyar California Art Potters kuma darektan ƙungiyar California Gift and Art Association.

## Rayuwar farko

### Kakanni
Keeler ɗan Burr Bradley Keeler ne (wanda aka haifa a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 1844), wanda aka haifa a Rochester, New York, mai gidaje; jikan Rufus Keeler da Phoebe Valeau; jikan Josiah Keeler da Betsey Bradley; kuma zuriyar Sons of the American Revolution - Isaac Keeler mai rijista (wanda aka haifa a shekarar 1715), Laftanar na 5th Connecticut Regiment, da matarsa, Hannah Stebbins; Josiah Keeler (wanda aka haifa a ranar 22 ga Janairu, 1741–1777), wani sirri a cikin 5th Connecticut Regiment, da matarsa, Elizabeth Stebbins; da Philip Burr Bradley (26 ga Maris, 1738-24 ga Janairu, 1821), Kanar na 5th Regiment na Sojojin Amurka, da matarsa, Ruth Smith. 

### Aure, yara, da gida
An haifi Keeler a Bellingham, Whatcom County a jihar Washington kuma ya girma a San Francisco, California . Ya auri Mary E. Leary kuma tare suka haifi 'ya'ya maza uku da 'ya mace ɗaya—Bradley Burr Keeler (an haife shi a shekarar 1913),  Byron Keeler (an haife shi a shekarar 1925),  Philip Keeler,   da Jeanne Keeler—wanda suka rene a Huntington Park, California, daga baya aka kira shi South Gate . Keeler ya gina gida "daga farko" ga iyalin, yana sanya tayal ɗin zane-zane na yumbu a hanya,  ciki har da a cikin kowane ɗaki "tayal ɗin bene mai launi daban-daban da tsari tare da allon tukwane na yumbu waɗanda aka haɓaka da wisteria, clematis, da wardi masu launin rawaya,"  murhu mai girman 8'x 9' Mayan a cikin falo, da sauran amfani masu kyau.    Ya yi shekara guda yana yin zango a garejin, wanda shine farkon wurin da aka kammala ginin gidan, yayin da yake kula da sauran ginin gidan da kuma yin aikin hannu da kansa.

### Abota
Keeler abokin Ernest A. Batchelder ne, wani fitaccen mai gyaran yumbu na farko a California na ƙungiyar Fasaha da Sana'o'i daga Pasadena, California . 

## Sana'a
Keeler ya yi aiki a kamfanonin samar da yumbu daban-daban a California kamar Carnegie Brick & Pottery a Carnegie, San Joaquin County, California, [1] Gladding McBean a Lincoln, California, [1] da California China Products a National City, California, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban masana'antar shuke-shuke, [2] [3] [1] kafin ya fara kasuwancinsa a 1917, yana ƙera tayal don kewayen murhu. [4] Tare da taimakon masu zuba jari, sai ya faɗaɗa kasuwancin zuwa California Clay Products (CalCo) da suka haɗu suka kafa a 1923 ko '24. [5] [6] [7] [4] [3]

## Manazarta
Giannis Ioannidis

**Giannis Ioannidis** (sauran kalmomi: Ioannis, Yiannis, Yannis) (Girkanci: Γιάννης Ιανωνίδης; 26 ga Fabrairu 1945 - 4 ga Oktoba 2023) ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Girka, ƙwararren kocin ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa, kuma ɗan siyasa na Girka New Democracy (ND). Ioannidis an dauke shi a matsayin mafi kyawun kocin kulob din kwando na Girka a kowane lokaci, tunda shi ne wanda ya fi samun manyan lambobin kulob din Girka (19 a duka, 14 tare da Aris, da 5 tare da Olympiacos). A duk matakan gasa gabaɗaya, ya lashe jimlar lambobin league 20 a matsayin babban kocin. Har ila yau, yana da rikodin lokaci-lokaci don mafi yawan nasarori a matsayin babban kocin, a tarihin Gasar Girka.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Giannis Ioannidis a garin Thessaloniki a ranar 26 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1945. Ya yi karatun Aikin Gona a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Geotechnical a Jami'ar Aristotle ta Thessaloniki . Ioannidis ya yi aure kuma yana da 'yar daya. Ya mutu a ranar 4 ga Oktoba 2023, yana da shekaru 78. 

### Ayyukan wasa
A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, Ioannidis ya zama memba na kungiyoyin matasa na Aris, a shekarar 1959. Ya shiga kungiyar manyan maza ta Aris, ta Kungiyar Kwando ta Girka, a shekarar 1960. Ya taka leda tare da Aris a cikin Girka League, har zuwa 1978, lokacin da ya yi ritaya. Tare da maki 4,970 da aka zira a matsayin memba na Aris, shi ne na biyu mafi girma a duk lokacin a tarihin kulob din, bayan Nikos Galis . [1]

### Ayyukan horarwa
Bayan ya yi ritaya daga wasan kwando, Ioannidis ya zama kocin kwando na cikakken lokaci. Daga bisani ya zama babban kocin Aris, kuma tare da kulob din, ya lashe gasar zakarun Girka guda takwas, Kofin Girka guda biyar, da kuma Super Cup na Girka guda daya. Tare da Aris, ya kuma shiga gasar cin Kofin Zakarun Turai na FIBA (EuroLeague) sau uku a jere. Daga baya, ya horar da Olympiacos, inda ya lashe gasar zakarun Girka hudu a jere, Kofin Girka, kuma ya shiga wasanni biyu a jere na FIBA EuroLeague's Finals.

Ioannidis shi ne gine-ginen nasara mafi ɗaukaka na Olympiacos, wanda ya zo da Panathinaikos, a wasan Ƙarshe na 1995-96 Greek League Finals, tare da nasarar nasara na 73-38. Wannan shi ne wasan karshe da ya yi da Olympiacos_B.C." id="mwUA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Olympiacos B.C.">Olympiacos a wannan lokacin. A shekara ta gaba, ya shiga AEK, inda ya zauna na tsawon shekaru biyu, kuma tare da su ya sami nasarar kaiwa wani Final na FIBA EuroLeague. Bayan ɗan gajeren dawowa zuwa Olympiacos, ya gama aikin horar da shi tare da babbar ƙungiyar maza ta Girka, wadda ya horar da ita a 2003 EuroBasket.

## Manazarta
George Hourmouziadis

**George Hourmouziadis** (Girkanci: ; 26 ga Nuwamba 1932 - 16 ga Oktoba 2013) masanin ilimin kimiyyar Girka ne kuma farfesa mai daraja na ilimin kimiyyyar tarihi a Jami'ar Aristotle ta Thessaloniki . Ya jagoranci tonowa a yawancin ƙauyuka na prehistoric a Thessaly da Makidoniya (kamar Dimini, Arkadikos Dramas da sauransu) kuma a cikin 1992 ya fara tonowa na ƙauyen Neolithic na Dispilio a Kastoria, Arewa maso yammacin Girka. An gano abubuwa da yawa, waɗanda suka haɗa da yumbu, abubuwa na tsari, tsaba, ƙasusuwa, siffofi, kayan ado na mutum, flautes uku (wanda aka ɗauka mafi tsufa a Turai) da Dispilio Tablet. Ya mutu a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 2013 a Thessaloniki . 

An sanar da gano allon katako a wani taro a watan Fabrairun 1994 a Jami'ar Thessaloniki . An buga shafin yanar gizon paleoenvironment, botany, fasahar kamun kifi, kayan aiki da yumbu a cikin fitowar Yuni 2000 na Επτάκυκλος, mujallar ilimin kimiyyar Girka da kuma Hourmouziadis (2002).

A cikin shekara ta 2012, ya kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar masana kimiyya masu yawa waɗanda suka buga sakamako game da amfani da Mass spectrometry (C13 / C12 Carbon da O18 / O16 oxygen) da kuma cathodoluminescence microscopy don gano asalin jiki na kayan tarihi na spondylus don sake gina tsoffin kasuwanci da hanyoyin musayar.

## Ayyukan da aka buga

* 1973 - G. H. Hourmouziadis. *Siffofin Neolithic*.
* 1979 - G. H. Hourmouziadis. *Neolithic Dimini*. Jirgin sama: Etaireia Thessalikwn Erevnwn, 1979. 
** Bincike, Journal of Hellenic Studies, 1981, vol. 101, shafi na 206-207&nbsp;
* 1982 - G. H. Hourmouziadis, P. Asimakopoulou-Atzaka, da kuma K. A. Makris. *Magnesia: Labarin wayewa* . Athens: Capon, Texas: Tornbooks, 1982. OCLC 59678966 
* 1995 - G. H. Hourmouziadis. *Misalai*. [Hasiya]
* 1996 - G. H. Hourmouziadis. *Dispilio, Kastoria a Prehistoric Lakeside Settlement*. [Hasiya]  (A Helenanci.) 
* 1999 - G. H. Hourmouziadis. Kalmomi masu laushi. [Hotuna a shafi na 9]
* 2002 - G. H. Hourmouziadis, ed. *Binciken prehistoric a Girka da ra'ayinta: Tunanin Ka'idoji da Hanyar* Hanyar. Thessaloniki: Jami'ar Studio Press.
* 2002 - G. H. Hourmouziadis, ed. Dispilio, Shekaru 7500 Bayan haka. Thessaloniki: Jami'ar Studio Press.
* 2006 - G. H. Hourmouziadis Ανασκα An An An An samo shi. [Hasiya]

## Manazarta
Steven Kemenyffy

**Steven Kemenyffy** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1943, Budapest, Hungary )  ɗan ƙasar Amurka ne mai zane-zanen yumbu wanda ke zaune kuma yana aiki a Pennsylvania. An fi saninsa da gudummawar da ya bayar wajen haɓaka al'adar raku ta yumbu ta Amurka. Tun daga shekarar 1969, ya yi aiki a matsayin Farfesa a fannin Fasahar Yumbu a Jami'ar Edinboro ta Pennsylvania (wadda a da Kwalejin Jihar Edinboro ce). Ya yi ritaya daga koyarwa bayan shekaru arba'in, amma ya ci gaba da shirya zane-zane a ɗakin studio na gidansa da ke McKean, Pennsylvania .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Kemenyffy a Budapest, Hungary a shekarar 1943. Mahaifinsa yana aiki a yaƙin da aka yi a lokacin haihuwarsa, kuma Kemenyffy da mahaifiyarsa ba su sake haɗuwa da mahaifinsa ba sai a shekarar 1949. A lokacin wannan rikici, Kemmenyffy da mahaifiyarsa sun zauna tare da wata goggo, Margit Gosztonyi, wacce ke aiki a matsayin mai tukwane a Baden-Baden, Jamus. Iyalan sun yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka a matsayin 'yan ƙasar da aka kora daga gidajensu a ƙarƙashin tallafin wani Cocin Presbyterian a Rock Island, Illinois a shekarar 1951. A Amurka, mahaifiyar Kemenyffy ta yi aiki a matsayin mai dinki, mahaifinsa kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin injiniya a wani kamfanin binciken ƙasa. Kemenyffy ya zauna a Rock Island har zuwa 1964, bayan ya sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyya a fannin lissafi a Kwalejin Augustana da ke kusa.

Sha'awar Kemenyffy na zama mai zane-zanen yumbu ta fara ne jim kaɗan bayan kammala jami'a lokacin da ya halarci wani bita na Peter Voulkos . Daga nan ya fara karatun yumbu a Jami'ar Iowa inda ya haɗu da matar sa ta gaba kuma mai haɗin gwiwa da fasaha, Susan . A shekarar 1967, ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin zane-zanen yumbu, kuma ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin zane-zanen bugu. Sun yi aure a shekarar 1970. Bayan ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin zane-zane, Steven ya koyar a cibiyoyi da dama, ciki har da Jami'ar Wisconsin-Whitewater, Makarantar Fasaha ta Chicago, Jami'ar Colorado da ke Boulder, Makarantar Fasaha ta Penland, da Makarantar Fasaha ta Haystack Mountain . Kemenyffy ya fara koyarwa a Jami'ar Edinboro ta Pennsylvania a shekarar 1969, har zuwa lokacin da ya yi ritaya a shekarar 2009.

## Manazarta
Sadie Irvine

**Sarah Agnes Estelle (Sadie) Irvine** (21 ga Yuli, 1887 - 4 ga Satumba, 1970) ƙwararriyar mai fasaha ce kuma mai ilimi a Amurka. Aikinta yana da alaƙa da makarantar koyon tukwane ta Kwalejin Newcomb, inda ta yi karatu da koyarwa har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a 1952. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Irvine a New Orleans, Louisiana ga Agnes Estelle da Robert William Irvine a ranar 21 ga Yuli, 1887. Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta McDonough (daga baya Sophie Wright High School) sannan ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Newcomb daga 1903 zuwa 1906.  Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu yin ado da tukwane a Newcomb. Irvine ta kuma yi bincike kan yin aiki a fannin dinki, zane-zanen tubalan, zane-zanen ruwa, pastel, da zane-zane.  Aikinta ya sami yabo da yawa, ciki har da tallafin karatu na tafiye-tafiye da karatu zuwa Ƙungiyar Ɗaliban Fasaha a New York, makarantar bazara ta Arthur W. Dow ta Ipswich, da Kwalejin Fasaha ta Pennsylvania . Daga 1908 zuwa 1929, an sanya Irvine a matsayin Ma'aikacin Fasaha na Kwalejin Newcomb, kuma daga 1929 har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a 1952, ta koyar da azuzuwan da yawa a can. 

## Aiki

An fi sanin Irvine da ƙawata tukwanenta da ke ɗauke da furannin Louisiana na gida, kamar yadda aka misalta da wani ƙaramin gansakuka da aka yi wa ado da itacen oak da Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Alexandria ke riƙe da shi a halin yanzu. [1] Ta lashe kyaututtuka da yawa saboda aikinta kamar tallafin karatu na Holley Medal (1908) da kyautar Ellsworth Woodsworth don tukwane, da kuma kyaututtuka a nunin kayan tarihi kamar na Ƙungiyar Fasaha ta New Orleans da Gidan Tarihi na Delgado . [2]

## Manazarta
Hasan Akhund

**Muhammad Hasan Akhund Kakar** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1945-1958) ɗan siyasan Afghanistan ne kuma malamin addini wanda ke aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na 27 na Afghanistan tun 2025, bayan ya yi aiki a wannan matsayi na wucin gadi daga 2021. Wani memba na Taliban, ya kasance memba na Majalisar Shugabanni tun 2002, kuma a baya ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin Firayim Minista daga 1996 zuwa 2001, kuma Ministan Harkokin Waje daga 1998 zuwa 1999.

Akhund na ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Taliban kuma ya kasance babban jagora na ƙungiyar. A cikin Gwamnatin Taliban ta farko (1996-2001), ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin ministan harkokin waje.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Akhund ta fito ne daga kudancin Afghanistan .  Ya kasance daga Ƙabilar Kakar na Pashtun. Dangane da bayanan Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, an haife shi a Pashmul, wanda a lokacin haihuwarsa yana cikin Gundumar Panjwayi, amma yanzu yana cikin Gidan Zhari, a Lardin Kandahar na Masarautar Afghanistan. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya tana da kimantawa guda biyu game da shekarar haihuwarsa, kasancewar kusan 1945-1950 da kuma kusan 1955-1958.

Ya yi karatu a makarantun tauhidi daban-daban a Afghanistan .  Ba kamar shugabannin Taliban da yawa ba, Akhund bai shiga cikin Yakin Soviet-Afghan ba.

## Ayyukan siyasa
Akhund yana daya daga cikin tsofaffin mambobin Taliban, kuma yana da kusanci da Muhammad Omar, shugaban farko na motsi. A lokacin mulkin Taliban (1996-2001), ban da kasancewa Mataimakin Firayim Minista, ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Ministan harkokin waje na Afghanistan daga 1998 zuwa 27 ga Oktoba 1999.  Kamar sauran manyan Taliban, yana ƙarƙashin takunkumin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ke da alaƙa da kare kungiyoyin ta'addanci.

A lokacin tashin hankali (2001-2021), Akhund ya kasance memba na Quetta Shura .  A shekara ta 2013, shi ne shugaban kwamitocin Taliban kuma shugaban hukumar daukar ma'aikata.

Bayan dawowar Taliban zuwa mulki a 2021, an nada Akhund a matsayin Firayim Minista na wucin gadi. An ga nadin sa a matsayin sulhu tsakanin masu matsakaici da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Taliban. Ya hau mulki a ranar 7 ga Satumba 2021.   An nada Akhund a matsayin Firayim Minista na dindindin a ranar 15 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2025.  

## Ƙarin bayani
Akhund shine marubucin ayyuka da yawa game da Islama. A cewar BBC News, ya fi tasiri a bangaren addini na Taliban, sabanin bangaren soja. Wani mai sharhi na Cibiyar Zaman Lafiya ta Amurka ya yi jayayya cewa ya fi zama mutum na siyasa.

## Bayani

## Manazarta
 

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Sotirios Gotzamanis

**Sotirios Gotzamanis** (Girkanci: ; 1884 - 28 Nuwamba 1958) ya kasance likita Girka kuma ɗan siyasa. 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haife shi a Giannitsa, Makidoniya ta Tsakiya, wanda a lokacin haihuwarsa ya kasance wani ɓangare na Daular Ottoman . Ya yi karatun likitanci a Padua, Italiya. A shekara ta 1913, ya koma Thessaloniki lokacin da yankin gidansa ya zama wani ɓangare na Girka bayan Yaƙe-yaƙe na Balkan . 

## Ayyukan siyasa
Daga 1919 zuwa 1936, ya yi aiki a majalisar dokokin Hellenic na mazabar Thessaloniki-Pella . Ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Lafiya, Welfare da Kulawa a gwamnatin farko ta Panagis Tsaldaris (1932-1933). A cikin zaben 'yan majalisa na 1936, ya kasance shugaban Jam'iyyar National Reform Party . 

### Haɗin gwiwa tare da Ƙarfin Axis
Bayan mamayar Jamus a Girka, ya goyi bayan hadin gwiwa tare da ikon Axis. A ranar 30 ga Afrilu 1941 an nada shi ministan kudi a gwamnatin hadin gwiwa ta Georgios Tsolakoglou . Bayan korar Tsolakoglou a ranar 2 ga Disamba 1942, Gotzamanis ya ci gaba da zama a cikin gwamnatin Konstantinos Logothetopoulos . Ma'aikatarsa ta kuma kula da noma, masana'antu, kasuwanci da aiki. Lokacin da aka sallami Logothetopoulos a 1943, Italiyanci sun fi son shi ya gaji Logothetopeulos a matsayin Firayim Minista na Girka, amma matsayin ya tafi Ioannis Rallis a maimakon haka.

### Bayan 'yancin Girka
Yayin da sojojin Axis suka janye daga Girka a 1944, Gotzamanis ya gudu zuwa Italiya sannan Nazi Jamus. Lokacin da ba ya nan, kotun Girka ta yanke masa hukuncin kisa a watan Janairun 1945 saboda cin amana. Ya koma Girka bayan shekaru da yawa kuma ya kasance dan takarar magajin gari na Thessaloniki a shekara ta 1954. Ya shiga cikin zaben na 11 ga Mayu 1958. Ya mutu watanni 6 bayan haka daga bugun jini da Uremia yana da shekaru 73. An binne shi a Thessaloniki .  

## Manazarta
Leontios Chatziapostolou

Leontios Chatziapostolou (Girkanci: ; 1894 - 16 Yuni 1980), ɗan Dimitrios, lauya ne kuma ɗan siyasa na Girka. Ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na majalisa da minista.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife shi a Tenedos a shekara ta 1894.  Ya koma Thessaloniki kadan bayan da aka haɗa birnin cikin Girka a shekarar 1912. Ya yi karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Athens kuma an nada shi mataimakin gwamnan Kavala a lokacin WWI .  Ya yi aiki tare da lauya da ɗan siyasa Dimitrios Digkas .  Ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya a Thessaloniki . A ranar 20 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1949, a lokacin Yaƙin basasar Girka, an zabe shi shugaban kungiyar lauyoyin Thessaloniki,  da wasu dakarun siyasa suka goyi bayan.  An zabe shi dan majalisa na tsohon karamar hukumar Thessaloniki tare da Cibiyar Tarayyar a zaben 1963. Ya kuma yi aiki a aikin jarida, yayin da ya rubuta labarai a cikin jaridar "Nea Alithia" ("Νέα Αλήθεια", *Sabon Gaskiya*). Ya mutu a shekara ta 1980 yana da shekaru 86 kuma an binne shi a Kabari na farko na Athens. Gwauruwarsa, Niki, ta mutu a watan Disamba 1986. Suna da ɗa da 'yar.

## Manazarta
Gul Agha Ishakzai

**Gul Agha Ishakzai** (born ), also known as **Mullah Hidayatullah Badri** (Pashto: ملا هدایت الله بدري ), is a politician in Afghanistan. Since July 2024, he is serving as the acting Minister of Mines and Petroleum. Prior to that he served as the country's Finance Minister and the acting governor of Da Afghanistan Bank from March 2023 to July 2024.

## Bayani game da rayuwa
An haifi Gul Agha a Band-e-Temur, Gundumar Maiwand, Lardin Kandahar . Ya kasance daga kabilar Ishaqzai, kuma ya kasance aboki na yaro na wanda ya kafa Taliban Mullah Mohammed Omar . An kuma san shi da suna Mullah Gul Agha, Mullah Gul agha Akhund, Hidayatullah, Haji Hidayatullas, da Hayadatullah . 

## Matsayi a cikin Taliban
A lokacin tawaye, Agha ya jagoranci hukumar kudi ta Taliban. Matsayinsa a cikin kungiyar Taliban ita ce karbar haraji (zakat) daga Pakistan" id="mwUA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Balochistan, Pakistan">Lardin Baluchistan, Pakistan . Ya shirya kudade don hare-haren kashe kansa a Kandahar, Afghanistan, da kuma mayakan Taliban da iyalansu. Har ila yau, yana da alaƙa da Cibiyar sadarwa ta Haqqani. Kasashe da kungiyoyi na kasa da kasa da dama; ciki har da Amurka, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da Tarayyar Turai, sun aiwatar da takunkumi a kansa da abokansa a karkashin matakan yaki da ta'addanci.

Ya kasance abokin tarayya na dogon lokaci na Mohammed Omar; ya yi aiki a matsayin babban jami'in kudi na Omar kuma daya daga cikin masu ba shi shawara mafi kusa, yana zaune a fadar shugaban kasa tare da shi a lokacin mulkin Taliban na farko.

An sanya shi shugaban Hukumar Kudi ta Taliban a tsakiyar shekara ta 2013. A cewar wani rahoto na Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a watan Janairun 2015, Agha, tare da sauran mambobin Quetta Shura, sun nuna sha'awar sake fara Tattaunawar zaman lafiya tare da Gwamnatin Afghanistan.

A ranar 24 ga watan Agustan 2021, sabuwar Masarautar Musulunci ta Afghanistan ta nada shi mukaddashin ministan kudi.

An nada shi mukaddashin Ministan Ma'adinai da Man Fetur a ranar 6 ga Yulin 2024, tare da Noor Ahmad Agha ya ɗauki matsayinsa na mukaddashin Gwamnan Bankin Da Afghanistan . 

Agha tana cikin jirgi mai saukar ungulu na Sojojin Sama na Afghanistan wanda ya fadi a Lardin Ghor a ranar 10 ga Satumba 2025. Babu wanda ke cikin jirgin mai saukar ungulu da ya mutu ko ya ji rauni.

## Dubi kuma

* Ma'aikatar Afghanistan

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Wasika mai laushi: CL-2010 mai lamba 051
Margaret Ponce Isra'ila

**Margaret Ponce Israel** (wanda aka fi sani da **Marge Israel** ; Disamba 24, 1929 - Afrilu 22, 1987) ƙwararriyar mai zane ce kuma mai gyaran yumbu ta Amurka wadda ta zauna kuma ta yi aiki a birnin New York.

An haife ta a shekarar 1929 a Havana, Cuba, kuma ta yi ƙaura tare da iyalinta zuwa Amurka tun tana jaririya.  Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Kiɗa da Fasaha a New York da Jami'ar Syracuse . Ta yi karatun tukwane a Greenwich House Pottery, inda daga ƙarshe ta zama malami.  Ta kuma yi karatu a Paris, Faransa, a École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts, Stanley William Hayter Graphic Art Studio, Atelier 17, da kuma Académie de la Grande Chaumière . A shekarar 1956, Isra'ila ta lashe kyautar farko da ta biyu a fannin tukwane a baje kolin *matasa na Amurka* a Gidan Tarihi na Sana'o'in Zamani, wanda a yau ake kira Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha da Zane .  Ta koyar a Makarantar Zane ta Parsons, Greenwich House Pottery, Makarantar Sakandare ta Kiɗa da Fasaha, da YMHA, duk a birnin New York.

Ta auri Marvin Israel, mai zane a New York daga shekarar 1950 har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 1984. 

Ta mutu a shekarar 1987, tana da shekaru 57, a Manhattan bayan da wata tirela ta buge ta yayin da take kan babur a West 23rd Street. [1] Bayan rasuwarta, ɗakinta ya cika da zane-zane. Ɗakinta da gidanta wani gini ne mai hawa uku a Manhattan wanda a da gidan dabbobi ne. A can ta ajiye zakara mai bantam, kaji, kurciya, zomo, karnuka, da kuma kyanwa. Ayyukanta sun nuna da yawa daga cikin waɗannan dabbobi, kuma an nuna wani baje kolin ayyukanta mai taken A Domestic Bestiary a Perimeter Gallery da ke Chicago a watan Fabrairun 1998.

## Nunin Nunin

* 1959 - Gidan Tarihi na Charles Egan, Birnin New York
* 1961 - Gidan Tarihi na Charles Egan, Birnin New York
* 1971 - Cordier & Ekstrom, Birnin New York
* 1972 - *Bestiary*, Cordier & Ekstrom, Birnin New York
* 1988 - Garth Clark Gallery, Birnin New York
* 1990 - Kwalejin Baruch, Birnin New York
* 1990 - *Tunani Mai Zurfi*, Gidan Tarihi na Twining, Birnin New York
* 1991 - Gidan Tarihi na Perimeter, Chicago, IL
* *Nunin Bikin Cika Shekaru 25 na Shekara 1995, Gidan Tarihi na* Jane Hartsook, Gidan Tukwane na Greenwich House, Birnin New York
* 1995 - *Tsirara a cikin Laka*, Perimeter Gallery, Chicago, IL
* 1995 - *Mai Zane-zane na Masu Zane*, Gidan Tarihi na Makarantar Studio, Birnin New York
* 1996 - *Nude a cikin Laka*, Charles A. Wustum Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha Mai Kyau, Racine, WI
* 1996 - *Fasahar Sihiri ta Gine-gine*, Gidan Tarihi na Perimeter, Chicago, IL
* 1997 - Gidan Tarihi na Susan Teller, Birnin New York
* 1997 - *Gidan Dabbobin Gida*, Charles A. Wustum Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha Mai Kyau, Racine, WI
* 1997 - *Tunani Mai Zurfi*, Gidan Tarihi na Perimeter, Chicago, IL
* 1998 - *Kayan Dabbobi na Gida*, Gidan Tarihi na Perimeter, Chicago, IL
* 1999 - *1945-1985: Hannelore Baron, Dorothy Dehner da Margaret Ponce Israel*, Perimeter Gallery, Chicago, IL 

## Manazarta
Carol Janeway

**Carol Janeway** (an haife ta **Caroline Bacon Rindsfoos** ) (1913–1989) fitacciyar mai gyaran tukwane ce ta Amurka da ke aiki a birnin New York a shekarun 1940 da 1950. Ta kasance mai himma wajen kiyaye Greenwich Village tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1940.

## Sana'a

Babban wurin da aka yi mata kayan yumbu shine Georg Jensen Inc. (Birnin New York) daga 1942 - 1949, yayin da Gimbels, I. Magnin, Gumps da sauran shaguna suma suka sayar da kayanta. Tana da ɗakunan studio guda uku a jere a Greenwich Village har zuwa farkon shekarun 1950 lokacin da take aiki a gidanta da ke Milligan Place a Greenwich Village. An nuna ta a cikin mujallar Life Magazine ta 1945 saboda aikinta da tayal ɗin yumbu. 

A shekarar 1947, an nemi Janeway ta gabatar da zane-zane ga fitaccen kamfanin kera kayayyaki na Burtaniya Josiah Wedgwood &amp;amp; Sons, amma kamfanin bai sanya zane-zanen a cikin samarwa ba. Irin waɗannan faranti guda biyu na Janeway sun bayyana a baje kolin Wedgwood na 1948 a Gidan Tarihi na Brooklyn . 

Ta tsara kuma ta samar da jerin wasannin chess na yumbu, backgammon, da checker. Daga cikin masu fasaha 32 da aka gayyata don yin baje kolinsu a cikin The Imagery of Chess, wani taron fasaha na dada-surrealist a Julien Levy Gallery daga Disamba 1944 zuwa Janairu 1945, tana ɗaya daga cikin mata biyu masu fasaha waɗanda aka nuna wasannin chess ɗinsu. 

Ta yi wa kawata wurare da dama na murhu da aka gina musamman a yankin New York ado.

Littafinta na yadda ake yin yumbu, *Ceramics and Potterymaking for Everyone,* an buga shi a shekarar 1950 ta kamfanin Tudor Publishing Company a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin littattafai. An buga ƙasidarta, *Ceramic Brushes: zaɓinsu, amfaninsu, da kulawa,* a shekarar 1952 ta Delta Brush Mfg. Corp., New York.

Labarin gano cutar gubar gubar da ta haifar da ritayarta ya bayyana a wani shafi na "Lyons Den" na shekarar 1950. 

Ayyukan Janeway kaɗan ne ke riƙe da gidajen tarihi, duk da ikirarin da aka yi a cikin tarihin mutuwarta. Waɗannan su ne Cooper-Hewitt [1] Gidan Tarihi na Smithsonian Design da ke birnin New York da Gidan Tarihi na Philadelphia wanda ke ɗauke da takardun Janeway ban da wasu ayyukan tayal. An sayar da zane-zanen yumbu na Janeway da ƙarin takardu ta hannun kadarorinta kuma suna cikin tarin sirri.

## Manazarta
Nell Cole Graves

**Nell Cole Graves** (1908 - 17 ga Fabrairu, 1997) ƙwararren mai yin tukwane ne daga Seagrove, North Carolina, kuma ta lashe kyautar tarihi ta North Carolina ta 1996. 

Graves ta girma a Montgomery County, North Carolina, tare da mahaifinta, Jacon B. Cole, da ɗan'uwanta, Waymon Cole. Mahaifinta yana da shagon tukwane mai suna JB Cole Pottery, wanda a cikinsa ƙarni biyu na masu tukwane na Cole suka ci gaba da kasancewa a yankin. A lokacin ƙuruciyar Graves, ya zama ruwan dare ga mata da yara su taimaka wajen shirya yumbu, gilashi, da loda kayan murhu, yayin da maza ke da alhakin yin tukwane da gudanar da kasuwancin. Amma mahaifin Graves, duk da haka, ya koyar da ita a kan keken tafiya tun tana 'yar shekara 9. Daga ƙarshe Graves ya zo ya gudanar da kasuwancin iyali. [1]

Graves ta auri Philmore Graves, kuma ta mallaki Graves Candle Shop, wanda ke kudu da Seagrove, da kuma JB Cole. Ta rasu a ƙarshen shekarun 1990, kuma an binne ta a tsohuwar Makabartar Cocin Fairgrove a bayan Graves Candle Shop.

## Manazarta
W. J. Gordy

**William J. Gordy** (18 ga Mayu, 1910 - 19 ga Agusta, 1993  ) wani ɗan ƙasar Amurka ne mai ginin tukwane da ke zaune a Cartersville, Georgia, wanda ya lashe kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka da dama saboda aikinsa.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Gordy a Aberdeen, Georgia a shekarar 1910. Mahaifinsa maginin tukwane ne wanda ke da nasa kasuwancin a Alvaton, Georgia . [undefined] Ya koyi yin tukwane ta hanyar kallon mutanen da mahaifinsa ya yi hayar su daga ko'ina cikin Amurka yayin da suke yin man shanu, tukwane, tukwane da tukwane. Ya bar shagon mahaifinsa ya yi aiki a kasuwancin tukwane da dama a North Carolina da Georgia, yana gani da koyon sabbin dabaru. Ya yi aiki a cikin jirgin ruwa mai lalata a cikin Rundunar Sojan Ruwa a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kuma yana jin daɗin tafiya zuwa tashoshin jiragen ruwa daban-daban da kuma ganin tukwane na gida. Gordy ya auri Jewell Gordy kuma tare, suna da 'ya'ya mata uku da 'ya'ya maza biyu. Ya buɗe ɗakin studio nasa tukwane a shekarar 1935, a Cartersville, [2] inda yake yin tukwane yayin da matarsa ke gudanar da kasuwanci da tallace-tallace. Ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar fasaha ta Southern Highland, kuma ya kasance malami a Makarantar Jama'a ta John C. Campbell da ke Brasstown, North Carolina .

## Manazarta
R. C. Gorman

**Rudolph Carl Gorman** (26 ga Yuli, 1931 - 3 ga Nuwamba, 2005) ɗan asalin Amurka ne mai zane-zane na ƙasar Navajo . *[[New York Times|Jaridar New York Times]]* ta yi masa laƙabi da " Picasso na mawakan Indiyawan Amurka",  kuma zane-zanensa galibi na matan 'yan asalin Amurka ne kuma an san su da siffofi masu ruwa da launuka masu haske, kodayake ya yi aiki a sassaka, yumbu, da kuma lithography na dutse. Ya kuma kasance mai son abinci sosai, yana rubuta littattafan girki guda huɗu, (tare da zane-zane masu rakiya) waɗanda ake kira *Nudes and Food* . 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Rudolph Carl Gorman a Chinle, Arizona, ga Adele Katherine Brown [1] da Carl Nelson Gorman . Mahaifinsa, Carl, yana ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin masu magana da harshen Navajo na asali ashirin da tara, waɗanda, tare da abokan aikinsa, suka ƙirƙiro lambar da ba za a iya karya ta ba da sojojin Amurka da aka yi amfani da su a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Pacific a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. [2]

RC Gorman ya girma a wani gidan cin abinci na gargajiya na Navajo, kuma ya fara zane tun yana ɗan shekara 3.  Kakarsa ta taimaka masa wajen renon sa, tana ba da labarin tatsuniyoyi na Navajo da kuma lissafa tarihin kakanninsa na masu fasaha. Ta ƙarfafa sha'awarsa ta zama mai fasaha. Yayin da yake kiwon tumaki a Canyon de Chelly tare da goggonsa, ya kan zana duwatsu, yashi, da laka, kuma ya yi sassaka da yumbu, tare da mutanensa na farko ciki har da Mickey Mouse da Shirley Temple .

Ya yaba wa wata malamar makaranta, Jenny Lind a Makarantar Mishan ta Ganado Presbyterian, saboda kwarin gwiwar da ya ba ta na zama cikakken mai zane.  Bayan ya bar makarantar sakandare, ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka kafin ya shiga kwaleji, inda ya yi karatuttuka a fannin adabi da kuma karanci a fannin fasaha a Jami'ar Arewacin Arizona .

A shekarar 1958, ya sami tallafin karatu na farko daga Majalisar Kabilar Navajo don yin karatu a wajen Amurka, kuma ya shiga shirin fasaha a Kwalejin Birnin Mexico .  A can ya ji labarin kuma aikin Diego Rivera ya yi masa tasiri. Daga baya ya yi karatun fasaha a Jami'ar Jihar San Francisco, inda shi ma ya yi aiki a matsayin abin koyi. Ya kasance ɗan luwaɗi a fili.  

## Manazarta
Rose Gonzales

An haifi **Rose Cata Gonzales** (1900–1989)  a Ohkay Owingeh Pueblo a jihar New Mexico ta Amurka . An san ta da tukwanen baƙin ƙarfe na asali, da kuma tukwanen gargajiya na salon Ohkay Owingeh Pueblo.

## Tarihin rayuwa da kuma aikin fasaha
Lokacin da take ƙarama, iyayenta sun mutu a lokacin annobar mura ta alade.  Ita da 'yar uwarta Pomasen sun zama marayu kuma sun zauna tare da wani dangi, Mary Cata.  A shekara ta 1920 Gonzales ya auri Robert Gonzales, tare da 'yar uwarta, suka ƙaura zuwa ƙauyensa na San Ildefonso . 

Surukiyarta, Ramona Sanchez Gonzales, ce ta koya wa Gonzales yadda ake yin tukwane.  Ta koyi hanyoyin yin tukwane na baƙi-da- baƙi, waɗanda aka goge da kuma ...

A shekarar 1930 ta kuma fara aikinta na ƙirƙirar tukwane mai zurfi. Tukwanen ta na baƙin ƙarfe ƙirƙira ne na asali. Ta yaba da wani ɓoyayyen tukwane da mijinta ya samo yayin da barewa ke farauta don ya ba ta ra'ayin. Ta yi amfani da wuka mai kaifi da ƙwanƙwasa ta sassaka ƙirarta. Ta yi amfani da yashi a gefunan ta don ƙirƙirar salon "cameo" tare da ƙirar da ta fito a fili. Sannan za ta sassaka gefunan ƙirarta don ƙirƙirar siffofi masu zagaye. Ta yi amfani da goga mai kama da yucca na zamani lokacin da take ƙara zane-zanen da aka fenti a jikin guntunta. Wasu daga cikin ƙirar da ta fi so sune Avanyu (macijin ruwa), tsuntsaye, gajimare, tsaba marasa lanƙwasa, siffofi na thunderbird (tatsuniya) da matakan kiva .

Lokacin da take harba ta yi amfani da itacen juniper da kuma taki na shanu, tana ajiye tukwanen a kan wani ƙarfe domin wutar ta yi ta yawo a kansu. Sau da yawa tana harba tukwane har ashirin a lokaci guda.

A shekarun 1930 da 40 ta sayar da waɗannan tukwane masu ƙirƙira da abinci, wanda hakan ya ba ta damar ciyar da iyalinta da yawa. A shekarun 1970 ta sami kyaututtuka da yawa daga Kasuwar Santa Fe ta Indiya, bikin Gallup Intertribal Ceremonial kuma ta zama sanannen mai yin tukwane mai nasara.

Gonzales ta koya wa ɗanta Tse-Pe yin tukwane tare da matarsa Dora da 'yarsu Irene.  Gonzales da Tse-Pe wani lokacin suna aiki tare, musamman lokacin ƙirƙirar tukwane a cikin launuka biyu (launuka biyu masu launi ɗaya). Yayin da Tse-Pe kuma yake sassaka tukwane, ya fi son sgraffito, wanda shine sassaka zane mai sauƙi.

Gonzales ta yi tasiri sosai a fannin yin tukwane a San Ildefonso, kuma a yau kayanta sun zama abin alfahari ga masu tattarawa. Ta mutu a shekarar 1989.

## Manazarta
Faizullah Akhund

**[[Mullah]] Faizullah Akhund** ɗan siyasan Taliban ne na Afghanistan wanda ke aiki a matsayin mukaddashin shugaban Hukumar Kula da Ka'idojin Kasa ta Afghanistan tun daga ranar 14 ga Maris 2022. Akhund ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Ministan Harkokin Matasa a Ma'aikatar Bayanai da Al'adu daga 23 ga Nuwamba 2021 zuwa 14 ga Maris 2022.

## Manazarta
Obaidullah Akhund

Mullah Obaidullah Akhund (Pashto: ملا عبيدالله آخوند; c. 1968 – Maris 5, 2010) ya kasance ministan tsaro a gwamnatin Taliban ta Afganistan 1996-2001 sannan kuma ya zama kwamandan masu tayar da kayar baya a lokacin da Taliban ta yi tawaye da gwamnatin Afghanistan na Hamid Karzai da dakarun NATO karkashin jagorancin Amurka. Jami'an tsaron Pakistan sun kama shi a shekara ta 2007 kuma ya mutu sakamakon ciwon zuciya a gidan yarin Pakistan a shekara ta 2010.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Obaidullah Akhund a gundumar Panjwai ta Lardin Kandahar a kudancin Afghanistan  kuma an yi imanin an haife shi a cikin kimanin 1968. Ya kasance daga kabilar Alakozai.

Obaidullah Akhund ya zama Ministan Tsaro na Afghanistan a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1997, kuma na biyu daga cikin manyan mataimakan biyu  ga Mullah Omar, jagoran ruhaniya na ƙungiyar Taliban. An ga Obaidullah a matsayin mutum "na uku" a cikin Taliban. A ƙarshen 2001 ko farkon 2002, Obaidullah ya mika wuya ga sojojin Afghanistan Northern Alliance kusa da Kandahar sannan aka sake shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na afuwa.

Ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan shugabannin soja na Taliban a shekara ta 2003 kuma an nada shi a Rahbari Shura (kwamitin jagoranci).  Abdul Latif Hakimi, wanda Pakistan ta kama a shekara ta 2005, ya ce Obaidullah yana daya daga cikin mutane biyu da ke da damar kai tsaye ga Mullah Omar kuma Obaidullah da kansa ya ba da umarnin kai hare-hare ga masu tayar da kayar baya, gami da kashe wani jami'in agaji na kasashen waje a watan Maris na shekara ta 2005. 

Sojojin tsaro na Pakistan ne suka kama Obaidullah a watan Fabrairun 2007 a Quetta, Pakistan .  Shi ne babban jami'in Taliban da aka kama tun farkon yaƙi a Afghanistan a shekara ta 2001.

An saki Obaidullah a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2007 don musayar sakin sojoji sama da 200 na Pakistan da Taliban ta kama. An sake kama shi a watan Fabrairun 2008  kuma ya mutu a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2010, na cutar zuciya a kurkuku a Karachi, Pakistan. 

## Manazarta
Abdul Kahir Chowdhury

**Abdul Kahir Chowdhury** ɗan siyasan Bangladesh ne . An zabe shi memba na majalisa na Jam'iyyar Nationalist ta Bangladesh a mazabar Sylhet-5 (Kanaighat-Zakiganj) a babban zaben Bangladesh na Fabrairu 1996. Shi ne shugaban Gundumar Sylhet BNP .  An haife shi a ƙauyen Bayampur na Kanaighat a cikin gundumar Sylhet ta Bangladesh . 

## Manazarta
Hamidullah Akhundzada

**Mullah Hamidullah Akhundzada** (Pashto) shi ne Afghanistan)" id="mwDg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation (Afghanistan)">Ministan Jirgin Sama da Sufuri na Afghanistan . Ya rike mukamin tun daga 7 ga Satumba 2021.

## Manazarta
Crispin Gonzalez

**Crispin Gonzalez** (Afrilu 13, 1936 - Janairu 21, 2017) ƙwararren mai gyaran yumbu ne na Amurka wanda aka san shi da gudummawarsa ga ƙungiyar zane-zane ta Chicano da kuma hanyarsa ta kirkire-kirkire ga fasahar zane- zane ta yumbu .

Ayyukansa galibi sun haɗa da zane-zanen gargajiya na 'yan asalin ƙasar, na Mexico, da na Asiya, tare da jigogi na zamani da dabarun gwaji na gilashi. Aikin Gonzalez ya ɗauki tsawon shekaru talatin da uku a matsayin farfesa a fannin yumbu a Kwalejin Chaffey da sauran cibiyoyi, inda ya jagoranci tsararrakin masu fasaha, waɗanda da yawa daga cikinsu sun ci gaba da gadonsa a fannin yumbu. [1] [2] [3]

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Gonzalez a Claremont, California, kuma ya girma a yankin Pomona-Inland Valley na Kudancin California. Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Claremont sannan daga baya ya yi karatunsa na gaba a fannin fasaha da yumbu a Kwalejin Mt. San Antonio da Jami'ar Jihar California, Fullerton, inda ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin Jerry Rothman.  Ya sami digirinsa na biyu a fannin Fasahar Fine Arts daga Jami'ar Graduate ta Claremont, inda ya yi karatu tare da fitattun masana fasahar yumbu, ciki har da Henry Takemoto, Paul Soldner, da Peter Voulkos .  

## Sana'a da koyarwa
Gonzalez ya fara aikinsa na koyarwa a matsayin farfesa na biyu a Jami'ar Jihar California, Los Angeles, Jami'ar Kudancin California, da Kwalejin Pitzer tsakanin 1968 da 1971. A shekarar 1971, ya sami cikakken aiki a Kwalejin Chaffey, inda ya koyar na tsawon shekaru talatin da uku har zuwa lokacin da ya yi ritaya a 2004.  A Chaffey, Gonzalez ya haɓaka darussa na musamman a fannin gina murhu da fasahar gilashi, wanda ya rinjayi ɗalibai da yawa su nemi manyan digiri a fannin tukwane da kuma kafa ɗakunan studio nasu.  Salon koyarwa da ƙwarewarsa ta fasaha ya bar tasiri mai ɗorewa ga ɗalibansa da kuma al'ummar tukwane baki ɗaya. 

## Salon zane da jigogi
Aikin Gonzalez yana da alaƙa da sarkakiyar fasaha da zurfin jigo. Sau da yawa yakan haɗa tsarin gargajiya na 'yan asalin Amurka, Aztec, da Mayan tare da siffofi da dabarun zamani. Jerin waƙoƙinsa *na Ocean Boogie*, waɗanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare su daga halittun ruwa, da kuma jerin waƙoƙinsa *na Drive By*, waɗanda ke tunawa da waɗanda aka harbe a Los Angeles, suna nuna ƙwarewarsa ta haɗa labarin mutum da jigogi na zamantakewa masu faɗi.  Ya kuma farfaɗo da siffofin yumbu na gargajiya, yana zana zane-zanen ado daga tsohuwar Girka da kuma zane-zanen tarihi daga Koriya da Japan. 

## Manazarta
Gulzar Inder Chahal

**Gulzar Chahal** ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma furodusa na Indiya. Ya taka rawar Roop a cikin Jag Jeondeyan De Mele . Ya kuma hada kai da samar da "Heer-Ranjha", tare da Harbhajan Mann da Neeru Bajwa . Za a gan shi a matsayin jagora a fim din Bollywood - "I Am Singh" (wanda Puneet Issar ya jagoranta), inda Gulzar ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a matsayin Sikh mai turban. Labarin ya shafi kuskuren ainihi da aikata laifukan ƙiyayya a kan Sikhs a Amurka. , bayan bala'in 9/11 . Fim din ya samo asali ne daga abubuwan da suka faru a rayuwa. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo na mata a manyan matsayi za su kasance Tulip Joshi da Brooke Johnston (Miss UK Universe, 2005).

An yi wa Gulzar ado da 'Kyautar Kyautar Furodusa', Janairun wannan shekara. [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need]

## Rayuwa ta mutum
His father, S. Harinder Singh Chahal has been a much decorated police officer with the Punjab Police and has recently retired as a Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG).

## Wasanni
Ya buga wasan kurket ga kungiyoyin Indiya (Under-15) tare da irin su Reetinder Singh Sodhi da Mohammad Kaif . Ya bude wasan bowling na Indiya da Pakistan a gasar cin kofin Lombard Under-15s Challenge Cup . Kungiyar Indiya ta lashe wasan ta hanyar wickets 4 a Lords.

Ya fito ne daga rukunin 1997 daga Makarantar Jama'a ta Yadavindra, Patiala, Punjab, Indiya.

## Hotunan fina-finai

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

*
John Gonzales

John Gonzales (an haife shi a shekara ta 1955) ɗan siyasa ne kuma mai tukwane a Tewa . Shi ne tsohon Shugaban Majalisar Ƙasa ta 'Yan Asalin Amirka, [1] [2] ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga gwamnatin Bush ta farko, memba na Majalisar Kabilar San Ildefonso na tsawon shekaru takwas, kuma Gwamnan San Ildefonso. [1]

## Manazarta
Gul Zarin

**[[Mawlawi|Maulvi]] Gul Zarin Kochi** (Pashto) ɗan siyasan Taliban ne na Afghanistan wanda ke aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Ma'aikatar iyakoki da Harkokin Ƙabilar tun daga 23 ga Nuwamba 2021 tare da Haji Gul Mohammad da nomad Taha .   Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin darektan Babban Daraktan Kochi mai zaman kansa (motsa jiki). 

## Manazarta
Din Mohammad Hanif

**Qari Din Mohammad Hanif** (Pashto: قاری دین محمد حنیف ; an haife shi a shekara ta 1955) shugaba ne na Taliban na Afghanistan kuma Ministan tattalin arziki. Har ila yau, memba ne na Majalisar Koli ta Taliban kuma memba ne na ƙungiyar tattaunawa a ofishin Taliban na Qatar. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin tsohon Ministan Shirye-shirye da Ministan Ilimi Mafi Girma a Masarautar Musulunci ta Afghanistan kafin faduwa a shekara ta 2001. 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Hanif ga Qari Muhammad Nazir a 1955 a cikin Gundumar Yaftali Sufla, Lardin Badakhshan . Lokacin da yake da shekaru 15, ya haddace Alkur'ani. Daga nan sai ya fara makarantar firamare tare da mahaifinsa. Lokacin da aka rufe madrassas, cibiyoyin addini da ilimi kuma suka lalace saboda yaƙe-yaƙe ya yi tafiya zuwa Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan a 1985, inda ya ci gaba da karatunsa a makarantu daban-daban kuma ya yi karatu har zuwa shekara ta biyu zuwa ta ƙarshe ta Dars-i Nizami . 

## Ayyuka
Kafin ya fara shekarar karatunsa ta ƙarshe, kungiyar Taliban ta fito. Ya shiga ƙungiyar tare da daruruwan ɗalibai daga Lardin Badakhshan. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Shirye-shirye da Ministan Ilimi Mafi Girma har zuwa faduwar Kabul da ƙarshen gwamnatin Masarautar Musulunci ta Afghanistan ta 1996-2001. 

A shekara ta 2003 ya zama shugaban jihadi na lardin Badakhshan kuma a shekara ta 2004 ya zama memba na kwamishinan siyasa. Hakazalika, ta hanyar umarnin Mullah Mohammed Omar, an zabe shi memba na Majalisar Shugabannin. 

A ranar 7 ga Satumba 2021, an nada shi Ministan Tattalin Arziki na sabuwar Masarautar Musulunci ta Afghanistan. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;**&#x5D;

An ce yana daya daga cikin 'yan kalilan wadanda ba Pashtun ba a cikin jagorancin Taliban saboda shi dan asalin Tajik ne daga lardin Badakhshan na arewa.

## Dubi kuma

* Amir Khan Muttaqi
* Abdul Latif Mansur

## Manazarta
Georgia Harris

**Georgia Harris** (29 ga Yuli, 1905 - 30 ga Janairu, 1997) ta shahara da kiyaye nau'ikan gargajiya na tukwane na Catawba. Ta kasance memba na Kabilar Catawba a Kudancin Carolina, Harris ta sami lambar yabo ta National Heritage Fellowship saboda aikinta. Duk da cewa ta yi ta ƙarnoni da yawa, tarihin farko na al'adar tukwane na Catawba da aka samu ya samo asali ne tun daga 1702.  Wannan tarihi ne mai wadata Harris ke da alhakin adanawa, gami da lokacin da ya kama daga 1930 zuwa 1960, lokacin da al'adar ta sha wahala saboda buƙata.  Tun daga lokacin da take da shekaru 9, Harris ta ɗauki sha'awar tukwane sosai, tana koyo daga mahaifiyarta da kakarta.  Yayin da lokaci ya shuɗe, Harris ta sami kanta musamman da al'adar yin bututu, daga baya ta ba wa ɗalibai da yawa fasaha.  Gado na Harris a tukwane na Catawba ya ci gaba bayan mutuwarta.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Harris a ranar 29 ga Yuli, 1905, a Lancaster County ; wani wurin ajiyar Catawba kusa da Rock Hill, South Carolina .  Kakanin Harris dukkansu suna da hazaka a fannin sana'a. An san kakarta Martha Jane a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun masu yin tukwane na Catawba na ƙarni na sha tara, yayin da kakanta, Epp Harris, ƙwararren mai yin bututu ne.  Harris ta girma tana kallon 'yan uwanta masu hazaka suna aiki a sana'arsu kuma ta fara haɓaka ƙwarewarta bisa ga abin da ta gani. A lokacin da take da shekaru tara, Harris ta fara koyon dabarun tukwane daga mahaifiyarta.  Harris ta fara da gwaji da yumbu ta hanyar amfani da hanyar naɗa, wanda ya haɗa da naɗa yumbu cikin dogayen naɗa sannan ta siffanta naɗa su zuwa wani babban gini.  Kamar yadda masu yin tukwane na Catawba da suka gabace ta suka yi, Harris za ta ƙona tukwanenta a cikin wutar da ke ƙone itace.  Duk da yanayin aiki mai wahala, Harris ta ci gaba da amfani da wannan dabarar har tsawon rayuwarta.

## Sana'a
A tsawon aikinta, Harris ta yi ƙoƙarin kiyaye ayyukan tukwane na gargajiya na Catawba. Maimakon ta miƙa wuya ga jarabar ƙirƙirar ayyukanta masu dacewa da yawon buɗe ido, Harris ta tabbatar da cewa ta bi umarnin da ta koya tun tana ƙarama. [1] An san ta da ƙirƙirar nau'ikan tukwane iri-iri, tun daga tulun bikin aure zuwa bututun hayaki. [2] Harris za ta tattara yumbu daga bakin kogi a South Carolina, ta ƙera shi da hannu, sannan ta gasa tukwane a cikin ramin wuta. [3] A ƙarshen rayuwarta, Harris ta fara koyar da tsararrun tukwane na Catawba hanyoyin gargajiya da ta yi amfani da su. [4] Ta hanyar ƙara mahimmancin dabarun gargajiya ga ɗalibanta, kamar yadda kakanninta suka yi mata, Harris ta tabbatar da cewa tukwanen gargajiya na Catawba ba zai mutu ba bayan mutuwarta.

## Manazarta
Frank Giorgini

**Frank Giorgini** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1947) ƙwararren mai fasaha ne kuma malami wanda ya ƙware a fannin fasahar yumbu, gami da kayan kida na tayal da busa . Ya koyar da darussa kan ƙirar tayal na gine-gine a Parsons The New School for Design da ke New York.

## Tayal ɗin Mosaic
Hukumar Sufuri ta Birnin New York ta ba Giorgini aikin tsara wani abu mai kama da mosaic a tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Whitehall St .. An sanya *hanyoyin wucewa* a shekarar 2000.  Littafinsa, *Tiles ɗin Hannu: Zane, Yin, Yin Ado* (  ), misali ne na yin tayal ɗin yumbu.

## Kayan kida na hannu
Ya yi nazarin dabarun gargajiya na yumbu na Najeriya . Tare da haɗin gwiwar mai busa Jamey Haddad, ya ƙirƙiro ganga ta zamani ta Udu . Wasu daga cikin gangunan da ya yi da hannu suna cikin tarin dindindin na Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Metropolitan da ke New York.

## Rayuwar kai da ilimi
Frank Giorgini ya girma a gidan iyayensa da ke lamba 40 Verrazano Ave Copiague, New York a shekarar 1947 kuma ya kammala karatunsa daga makarantar sakandare ta Copiague a shekarar 1965 sannan ya yi karatun digirinsa na farko a fannin Ilimi da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin fasaha.

## Manazarta
John Glick

**John Parker Glick** (1 Yuli 1938 - 6 Afrilu 2017) ƙwararren mai yin yumbu ne na Amurka.  Duk da cewa yana buɗe ga gwaje-gwajen fasaha, Glick ya fi tasiri ga salo da kyawun tukwane na Asiya - wani abin wahayi da ke nuna yadda yake amfani da zane-zanen ado da zaɓin gilashi.  Kwarewarsa wajen aiki da yumbu ya sa ya buga labarai da dama game da sana'ar. Baya ga samar da tukwane, Glick ya fara yin allunan bango "masu shimfidar wuri" a ƙarshen aikinsa.  Wanda aka sani da "mai ginin tukwane na mutane," ana tunawa da shi musamman saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga fasaha da fannin tukwane. 

Glick ya gudanar da aikin sitidiyonsa, Plum Tree Pottery, a Farmington Hills, Michigan, daga 1964 zuwa 2016. 

## Ilimi da aiki
An haifi John Glick a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 1938 a Detroit, Michigan .  Glick, ɗan iyaye biyu ne kuma yana da sha'awar fasaha, ya fara rayuwarsa ne da kerawa. Mahaifinsa, manajan shagon kayan abinci, yana da sha'awar aikin lambu da fenti; mahaifiyarsa, mai gyaran gida, tana jin daɗin girki, dinki, da sana'o'i.  Tun yana ƙarami, an haɗa Glick cikin ayyukan iyayensa, kuma ya fara karatun fasaha a hukumance a makarantar sakandare. 

A matsayinsa na ɗalibi a Jami'ar Jihar Wayne, Glick ya yi karatun ilimin ƙasa na tsawon zangon karatu ɗaya, amma nan da nan ya yanke shawarar yin babban aiki a fannin yumbu da aikin ƙarfe.  Ya sami digirinsa na BFA a 1960.  Yana karatu a ƙarƙashin Maija Grotell mai ilimin yumbu a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Cranbrook, ya sami digirinsa na MFA a 1962.   Bayan kammala karatunsa, an ɗauki Glick aiki a rundunar sojojin Amurka har zuwa 1964. A wannan lokacin, an tura shi zuwa Yammacin Jamus, a wani gari da ke da gidajen tukwane masu yawa na gishiri.  Da yake tattaunawa da waɗannan tukwane, Glick ya ƙarfafa ƙudurinsa na yin aiki na cikakken lokaci a matsayin tukwane a ɗakin studio ɗinsa. 

Bayan ya dawo gida Michigan daga aikin soja a shekarar 1964, Glick ya kafa ɗakin aikinsa, Plum Tree Pottery. [1] A tsawon aikinsa, Glick, wanda wani mai tattara zane-zane da ya haɗu da shi ya ƙarfafa shi, ya yanke shawarar fara tarin ayyukansa na kansa. Fiye da shekaru 50, ya adana kusan guda 1,000 - adadi mai yawa, amma ƙaramin ɓangare ne na jimlar kayan aikin da ya ƙirƙira. [2] Kodayake Glick ya yarda cewa adana waɗannan ayyukan yana da wahala "domin ya kamata su kasance a duniya," sai ya sami damar amfani da wannan tarin kayan aikin a matsayin taimako ga ɗaliban koyon aiki 33 da mazauna waɗanda ya yi aiki tare da su a Plum Tree Pottery. [2] Ya gudanar da ɗakin studio har zuwa 2016, lokacin da shi da matarsa, Susie Symons, suka ƙaura zuwa California don su kasance kusa da iyalansu. [3]

## Manazarta