Gillian Anderson

**Gillian Leigh Anderson,** English:  / dʒ ɪ l i ə n / ; JIL-ee-ən ) OBE (an haife ta ranar 9 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1968). Ƴar wasan kwaikwayon ƙasar Amurka ce. Matsayin ta ya haɗa da matsayin wakili na musamman na FBI Dana Scully a cikin jerin *The X-Files*, ɗan zamantakewa mara kyau Lily Bart a cikin fim ɗin Terence Davies *Gidan Mirth* shekara ta (2000), DSU Stella Gibson a cikin gidan talabijin na wasan kwaikwayo na laifi na BBC / RTÉ. jerin *Fall*, likitan ilimin jima'i Jean Milburn a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na Netflix , da Firayim Ministan Burtaniya Margaret Thatcher a cikin kakar ta huɗu na jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Netflix *The Crown* . Daga cikin sauran karramawa, ta lashe lambar yabo ta Primetime Emmy guda biyu, lambar yabo ta Golden Globe guda biyu , da Guild Awards guda hudu na allo. Ta zauna a London tun shekara ta 2002, bayan shekarun baya sun raba tsakanin Ingila da Amurka.

## Farkon rayuwa da karatu
An haife ta a birnin Chicago, Anderson ta girma a London, UK da Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Tayi karatu daga Makarantar wasan kwaikwayo a Jami'ar DePaul da ke Chicago, sannan ta koma New York City don cigaba da aikinta na wasan kwaikwayo. Bayan ta fara aikinta a kan mataki, ta sami karɓuwa a duniya saboda rawar da ta kuma taka a matsayin Babban Jami'in FBI Dana Scully akan jerin wasan kwaikwayo na sci-fi na Amurka *The X-Files* . Ayyukan fim ɗin sun haɗa da wasan kwaikwayo *The Mighty Celt shekara ta* (2005), *The Last King of Scotland* shekara ta (2006), *Shadow Dancer* shekara ta (2012), *Viceroy's House shekara ta* (2017) da fina-finan *X-Files* *guda biyu: The X-Files: Fight the Futureshekara* shekara ta (1998) ) da *Fayilolin X: Ina son yin imani* shekara ta (2008). Sauran sanannun kyaututtukan talabijin sun haɗa da: Lady Dedlock a *Gidan Bleak* shekara ta (2005), Wallis Simpson a *Duk Zuciyar Dan Adam* shekara(2010), Miss Havisham a cikin *Babban tsammanin* shekara ta (2011), Dr. Bedelia Du Maurier akan *Hannibal* shekarar (2013 shekara da shekara ta 2015), da Media on *Allahn Amurka* shekara ta (2017). 

## Ayyuka
Baya ga fim da talabijin, Anderson ta hau kan mataki kuma ta sami lambobin yabo da masu yawa. Matakin aikinta ya haɗa da *Abokan da ba su nan shekara ta*  (1991), wanda ta sami lambar yabo ta Theater World Award for Best Newcomer; *Gidan Doll* (shekara ta 2009), wanda aka ba ta lambar yabo don lambar yabo ta Laurence Olivier, da kuma hoton Blanche DuBois a cikin *A Streetcar mai suna Desire* *shekarar* (2014, da shekara ta 2016), ta lashe lambar yabo ta gidan wasan kwaikwayo  don Mafi kyawun Jaruma kuma ta karɓi Laurence Olivier na biyu. Kyautar lambar yabo ga Best Actress . A cikin shekara ta 2019, ta nuna Margo Channing a cikin matakin samarwa *Duk Game da Hauwa'u* wanda ta karɓi lambar yabo ta Laurence Olivier Award na uku.

Anderson ta tallafa wa kungiyoyin agaji da kungiyoyi masu yawa. Ita ce mai magana da yawun girmamawa ga Cibiyar Neurofibromatosis kuma mai haɗin gwiwar Ilimin Matasan Afirka ta Kudu don Dorewa (SAYes). An naɗa ta Babban Jami'in girmamawa na Mafi Kyawun Umarni na Masarautar Burtaniya (OBE) a cikin shekarar 2016 don ayyukanta na wasan kwaikwayo. 

An haife Anderson a Chicago, Illinois, 'yar Rosemary "Posie" Alyce ( *née* Lane),  mai nazarin kwamfuta, kuma daga baya mataimakiyar shugaban Neurofibromatosis Inc., ƙungiyar tallafawa NF ta West Michigan, da kuma Homer Edward “Ed” Anderson III, wanda ya mallaki kamfanin shirya fina-finai na baya-bayan nan. Ita 'yar asalin Ingilishi ce, Jamusanci, da Irish. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haihuwar ta, iyayenta sun ƙaura zuwa Puerto Rico tsawon watanni shabiyar 15, sannan zuwa London. Iyalin sun ƙaura don mahaifinta ya iya halartar Makarantar Fina -Finan London. Tare da iyayenta, ta rayu a arewacin Crouch End da Haringey. Ta kasance dalibar Makarantar Firamare ta Coleridge. Lokacin da Anderson ke da shekaru shadaya (11), iyalinta sun koma Amurka, suna zaune a Grand Rapids, Michigan. Sun cigaba da ajiye falo a London kuma sun kashe lokacin bazara a wurin.  Daga baya Anderson ta ce a koyaushe tana da niyyar komawa Ingila.  A cikin Grand Rapids, ta halarci Makarantar Firamare da Makarantar Sakandare ta City, shiri ne ga ɗalibai masu hazaka tare da ba da fifiko kan ilimin ɗan adam. 

Bayan tafiya zuwa Grand Rapids, Anderson ta bi tafarkin tawaye; shan miyagun ƙwayoyi, saduwa da saurayin da ya manyanta, da haɓaka bayyanar punk (rina gashin kanta launi daban-daban, aske gefen kanta, wasan huda hanci da rigar baki baki ɗaya).    An saka ta a farfajiya tana da shekaru shahudu 14.  Anderson ta saurari makada kamar Matattu Kennedys da Skinny Puppy . Abokan karatunta sun zabe ta a matsayin "mai kyan aji", "mafi girman yarinya" da "mafi kusantar kamawa". An kama ta a daren kammala karatu saboda karya da shiga makarantar sakandare a kokarin manne makullan kofofin.  Daga baya ta yi nasarar rage tuhumar zuwa ketare iyaka . 

Tun tana ƙarami, Anderson tana sha'awar ilimin kimiyyar ruwa, amma bayan ta kasance mai sha'awar wasan kwaikwayo a lokacin ƙuruciyarta, ta fara aiki a cikin abubuwan samarwa na makarantar sakandare a farkon shekararta kuma daga baya a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na al'umma .  Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin ɗalibi a Grand Rapids Civic Theatre &amp;amp; School of Theater Arts .  Bayan kammala karatun sakandare a shekarar 1986, ta halarci Makarantar wasan kwaikwayo a Jami'ar DePaul da ke Chicago, inda ta sami digirin farko a shekarar 1990.  Anderson ta kuma halarci shirin wasan bazara na Babban Burtaniya na lokacin bazara a Jami'ar Cornell .  Don ta tallafa wa kanta da kuɗi a lokacin ɗalibanta, ta yi aiki a Tsibirin Goose Island a Chicago. Bayan Anderson ta shahara, kamfanin giya ya sanya wa daya daga cikin giyar su sunan ta-wani gidan gona irin na Belgium wanda ake kira "Gillian". 

Anderson shine babba na 'yan uwa uku. Dan uwanta Haruna - wanda aka gano yana da neurofibromatosis - ta mutu a shekarar 2011 sakamakon bugun kwakwalwa, tana dan shekaratalatin 30. Haruna ya kasance DJ, mai ba da shawara, kuma mai aikin Buddha . Ya kasance a cikin shekara ta biyu na shirin PhD a ilimin halayyar haɓaka a Jami'ar Stanford lokacin da aka gano shi da glioblastoma a shekara ta 2008.   'Yar uwarta Zoe kwararriya ce, wacce Anderson ta kira "fitaccen mai fasaha".  Anderson dan  .  Tare da lafazin Ingilishi da asalin ta, an yi mata ba'a kuma tana jin ba ta da wuri a cikin Amurka ta Tsakiya kuma ba da daɗewa ba ta karɓi lafazin Midwwest . Har zuwa yau, tana sauƙaƙa sauyawa tsakanin lafazin Amurka da Ingilishi.   A May shekara ta 2013, a lokacin wata hira da BlogTalkRadio, Anderson jawabi al'amari na ta shaidar dan kasa : "An tambaye shi ko zan ji kamar wata Brit fiye da wani American kuma ban sani ba, abin da amsar wannan tambayar. Na san cewa ina jin cewa London tana gida kuma ina matukar farin ciki da hakan a matsayin gidana. Ina son London a matsayin birni kuma ina jin daɗi a can. Dangane da asali, har yanzu ina cikin rudani. ” 

Anderson ta ƙaura zuwa New York lokacin tana da shekaru ashirin da biyu (22), kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai jiran abinci don tallafawa kanta.  Ta fara aikinta a cikin wasan Alan Ayckbourn 's *Abokan Abokai* a Manhattan Theatre Club tare da Brenda Blethyn ;  saboda rawar da ta taka ta lashe lambar yabo ta Duniya ta shekarar 1990 da shekara ta 91 don "Mafi Sabuwa".  Matsayin wasan kwaikwayo na gaba shine a cikin Christopher Hampton 's *Philanthropist* a Long Wharf Theatre a New Haven, Connecticut . 

Anderson ta koma Los Angeles a shekara ta 1992 kuma ta shafe shekara guda tana dubawa. A wannan shekarar, ta fito a fim ɗin ta na farko mai tsayi, *The Turning*, tare da Karen Allen da Tess Harper . Fim ɗin fim ɗin daidaitawa ne na wasan *Kona Gida* . 

Duk da cewa ta taba yin alwashin ba za ta taba yin aikin talabijin ba, kasancewar rashin aiki tsawon shekara guda ya canza mata tunani. Anderson ta tuna: “Da farko dai, na yi rantsuwa cewa ba zan taɓa ƙaura zuwa Los Angeles ba, kuma da zarar na yi, na rantse ba zan taɓa yin talabijin ba. Sai da na kusan kusan shekara guda ba tare da aiki ba na fara shiga [duba] wasu abubuwa da zan yi addu’a don ba zan samu ba saboda ba na son shiga ciki. ”  Ta shiga gidan talabijin na yau da shekarar a kullun a cikin shekarar  1993 tare da bayyanar baƙo akan wasan kwaikwayo na kwaleji, *Class na '96*, akan sabuwar hanyar Fox Network . 

Sakamakon wannan bayyanar baƙon, Anderson an aika da rubutun don *The X-Files* . Tana da shekaru ashirin da hudu (24) lokacin da ta yanke shawarar tantancewa saboda, "a karon farko cikin dogon lokaci, rubutun ya ƙunshi mace mai ƙarfi, mai zaman kanta, mai hankali a matsayin jagora."  Furodusa Chris Carter ya so ya yi hayar ta, amma Fox tana son wanda ke da tallan talabijin na baya da kuma sha'awar jima'i.  Fox ya aika da ƙarin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, amma Carter ya tsaya kusa da Anderson, kuma a ƙarshe an jefa ta a matsayin Babban Jami'in FBI Dana Scully . An yi fim ɗin don yanayi biyar na farko a Vancouver, British Columbia, kafin ƙaura zuwa Los Angeles, jerin sun gudana tsawon yanayi tara. An kuma shirya fina -finai biyu masu alaƙa, waɗanda aka saki a cikin shekarar 1998 da shekarar 2008. A lokacin da take kan *The X-Files*, Anderson ta lashe lambobin yabo da yawa don hoton hoton Agent Scully na musamman, gami da Kyautar Emmy don Fitacciyar Jarumar Fim a cikin Wasannin,  Kyautar Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Television Series Drama, biyu 'Yan wasan allo Guild Awards don Fitaccen Aiki ta Mace Jaruma a cikin Jerin Wasannin Wasanni da Kyautar Saturn don Mafi kyawun Jaruma a Talabijin . Anderson ita ce 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta farko da ta lashe Emmy, Golden Globe, da SAG Award a cikin wannan shekarar.  Don rawar, ta karɓi jimlar zaɓen Emmy guda huɗu, nadin Golden Globe huɗu da nadin SAG tara. 

Anderson ita ce mace ta farko da ta rubuta da kuma jagorantar wani labari na *The X-Files* (" duk abubuwa "). A lokacin gudanarwarta-tsakanin yanayi na biyar da na shida-Anderson ta yi fim tare da *The X-Files: Fight the Futureta* , fim na shekara ta 1998 wanda ta cigaba da labarin *X-Files.* Har ila yau, Anderson ta ba da muryar halinta na Scully a cikin " The Springfield Files ", wani labari na jerin talabijin mai ban dariya mai ban dariya *[[Da Simpsons|The Simpsons]]* . Yayin yin fim ɗin *X-Files*, ta sadu da mataimakiyar darektan fasaha Clyde Klotz, wanda ya zama mijinta na farko.  Halin Anderson akan *The X-Files ya* fara wani abin da ake kira " The Scully Effect "; kamar yadda likitan likita da wakilin FBI na musamman suka yi wahayi zuwa ga samari da yawa don neman ayyukan kimiyya, magani, da tilasta bin doka. Ya ba da gudummawa ga ƙaruwar adadin mata a waɗannan fannoni.   "The Scully Effect" ya kasance batun binciken ilimi. 

A cikin shekara ta 1996, Anderson ya ba da labarin shirye *-shiryen talabijin 'Yan leƙen asirin Sama* da *Dalilin da Ya Sa Shirin ke sauka* . Yayin da take shirya jerin shirye -shiryen BBC *na Future Fantastic*, jigon kiɗan wasan kwaikwayon, ta wayar lantarki Hal kuma ta fara haɗin gwiwa tare da su. A cikin shekara ta 1997, Anderson ya ba da muryoyin kalmomin magana kuma ya yi tauraro a cikin bidiyon kiɗan don "Extremis" guda ɗaya, wanda aka watsa akai -akai akan MTV . Ta kuma taimaka wajen tara kundin kiɗa na lantarki, *Future: A Journey Through The Electronic Underground*, for Virgin Records, wanda ya sami yabo daga masu sukar kiɗan Turai.  

A cikin shekara ta 1997, Anderson ya fito a cikin fim mai zaman kansa *Chicago Cab* . A shekarar 1998, ta fito a fim din *Playing by Heart*.  Anderson kuma yana da rawar tallafawa a cikin fim ɗin *The Mighty* .  A cikin shekara ta 1999, Anderson yana da rawar tallafawa a cikin sakin Ingilishi na Hayao Miyazaki *Gimbiya Mononoke*, inda ta bayyana halin Moro. Anderson mai son aikin Studio Ghibli ne da aikin Miyazaki.  Ta kuma shiga cikin Hauwa'u Ensler 's *The Vagina Monologues*. 

### 2000s
A cikinshekara 2000, Anderson ya yi tauraro a cikin fim ɗin *The House of Mirth* tare da Eric Stoltz - Terence Davies 'karbuwa na littafin Edith Wharton na sunan ɗaya - wanda ta sami babban yabo da kyaututtuka kamar Kyautar Fim ɗin Burtaniya Mai Kyau don Mafi Kyawun' Yar Wasan, Kauye Muryar Fim ɗin Muryar Mafi Kyawun Jagoran Aiki, da Nuna Kyautar Kyautar Ƙwararrun Masu Fim ɗin Fina -Finan Ƙwararru don Mafi kyawun Jaruma.

## Manazarta