Muntaser Ibrahim

**Muntaser Eltayeb Ibrahim** (Larabci: منتصر الطيب إبراهيم, an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Yuni, 1957) ɗan Sudan ne masanin ilimin halittar ɗan adam kuma farfesa a fannin ilimin halittar ɗan adam a Jami'ar Khartoum, inda yake jagorantar Cibiyar Cututtukan Ciki. Kimiyya ta bayyana shi a matsayin "daya daga cikin fitattun malaman rayuwa a Sudan". Binciken nasa ya mayar da hankali ne kan bambancin kwayoyin halittar dan Adam a Afirka, bambancin kwayoyin halittar dan Adam da ke ba da gudummawa ga kamuwa da cututtuka kamar zazzabin cizon sauro da leishmaniasis, da kwayoyin cutar kansa.

Ibrahim memba ne wanda ya kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Dan Adam ta Afirka kuma ya kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Sudan (SNAS). Shi ma memba ne na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Duniya. Ya haɗu da wallafe-wallafen bincike sama da 180 na asali waɗanda aka bita da su, gami da aikin da aka buga a Kimiyya, Ayyukan Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta ƙasa, Nature, Halittar Halitta, da sauran manyan mujallu.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Ibrahim a Omdurman, Sudan. Ya sami digiri na farko na Kimiyya a 1980 a Jami'ar Zagazig da ke Masar. Daga nan ya sami shaidar kammala karatun digiri na biyu a fannin likitancin likitanci da kuma parasitology daga Jami'ar Alkahira a 1982 da Masters of Science a Zoology daga Jami'ar Khartoum a 1987. A 1994, ya kammala karatun digiri na uku a fannin ilimin halittu daga Jami'ar Copenhagen.

## Sana'a
Ibrahim ya yi aiki a matsayin mai bincike na ziyara a sashin ilimin cututtuka a jami'ar Cambridge daga 1997 zuwa 1998. A shekarar 1997 aka nada shi mataimakin farfesa a cibiyar kula da cututtuka masu yaduwa a jami'ar Khartoum. An kara masa girma zuwa Mataimakin Farfesa a shekara ta 2002, kuma cikakken farfesa a 2006. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Sashen Nazarin Halittar Halitta a Cibiyar Cututtukan Halittu a Jami'ar Khartoum daga 2002 zuwa 2006.

Ibrahim ya kasance wanda ya kafa kungiyar hadin kan bil Adama ta Afirka da kuma Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Sudan, kuma memba ne a Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Duniya. Ya yi aiki a majalisar masu ba da shawara na Cibiyar Injiniya ta Duniya da Kimiyyar Halittu daga 2004 zuwa 2013. Ya kula da daliban Masters da PhD sama da 40. 

## Bincike
Aikin Ibrahim ya mayar da hankali ne kan bambancin jinsin dan Adam na Sudan da Afirka,    da kuma rawar da cututtuka ke takawa wajen tsara kwayoyin halittar dan Adam. Ya yi nazarin tasirin kwayoyin halitta kan kamuwa da cututtuka da suka hada da zazzabin cizon sauro da leishmaniasis.   Ya kuma yi nazari kan kwayoyin halittar cutar daji, ciki har da jagorantar wani bincike da ke nuna wata alaka tsakanin kamuwa da cutar Epstein-Barr da ciwon nono a Sudan. 

## Kyauta
Ibrahim ya lashe lambar yabo ta CNR Rao don Binciken Kimiyya a cikin 2014. Wannan lambar yabo ta shekara-shekara tana karrama ɗan'uwan Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Duniya wanda ya fito daga Ƙasa mafi Ci gaba kuma ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga kimiyyar duniya.  An ba wa Ibrahim lambar yabon ne saboda "babban gudunmawar da ya bayar ga fahimtarmu game da rawar da bambancin jinsin bil'adama da tsarin yawan jama'a ke da shi wajen kamuwa da cututtuka." 

Shi ne kuma Fellow na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Duniya tun 2007. 

## 2019 zanga zanga da dauri
Bayan shiga zanga-zangar da ba ta da tushe da ke fafutukar kawo sauyin siyasa a Sudan, an kama Ibrahim kuma aka sake shi sau biyu a watan Janairun 2019. Tare da wasu malaman jami'o'i, Ibrahim ya shirya wata shawara ta yin gyare-gyare don taimakawa wajen warware rikicin siyasa a Sudan. Daga nan ne aka tsare Ibrahim a ranar 21 ga Fabrairu, 2019, kuma an daure shi fiye da wata guda.  Kungiyoyi da yawa, har da abokan ilimin halittun 'yan adam, cibiyar sadarwa ta' yancin ɗan adam, kwamitin da ya shafi sakin masana kimiyya, da kuma abokan aikinsa na Ibrahim, da aka kira su don sakawa.  An saki Ibrahim ne tare da wasu fursunonin siyasa bayan juyin mulkin da aka yi a Sudan a 2019 .  

## Littafi Mai Tsarki

Tishkoff, Sarah A; et al. (December 10, 2006). "Convergent adaptation of human lactase persistence in Africa and Europe". Nature Genetics. Springer Nature. 39 (1): 31–40. doi:10.1038/ng1946. ISSN 1061-4036. PMC 2672153. PMID 17159977.

Tishkoff, S. A.; et al. (April 30, 2009). "The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans". Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). 324 (5930): 1035–1044. Bibcode:2009Sci...324.1035T. doi:10.1126/science.1172257. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 2947357. PMID 19407144.

Mohamed, Hiba Salah; et al. (September 1, 2003). "SLC11A1 (formerly NRAMP1) and susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis in The Sudan". European Journal of Human Genetics. Springer Nature. 12 (1): 66–74. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201089. ISSN 1018-4813. PMID 14523377.

Jallow, Muminatou; et al. (June 2009). "Genome-wide and fine-resolution association analysis of malaria in West Africa". Nature Genetics. 41 (6): 657–665. doi:10.1038/ng.388. ISSN 1546-1718. PMC 2889040. PMID 19465909.

## Magana

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

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