Rufin Celluloid

**Rufin celluloid** kwatanci ne ga rashin wakiltar mata a cikin hayar da aiki a Hollywood. Kalmar wasa ce a kan kwatanci na "glass ceiling", wanda ke bayyana wani shingen da ba a ganuwa wanda ke kiyaye yawan jama'a (yawanci mata, kodayake kalmar na iya amfani da kowane rukuni mai kariya) daga tashi fiye da wani matakin a cikin matsayi. Celluloid yana nufin kayan da aka yi amfani da su don yin fim ɗin da aka taɓa amfani da su wajen yin hotunan motsi. Ana amfani da kalmar ne kawai ga ma'aikatan bayan allo.

## Rahoton ''Rufin Celluloid''

Rufin celluloid kuma shine taken jerin rahotanni da Dokta Martha Lauzen ya kirkira a Cibiyar Nazarin Mata a Talabijin da Fim a Jami'ar Jihar San Diego. Wadannan rahotanni an tattara su tun daga 1998 don bin diddigin kididdigar aiki ga mata a Hollywood. Rahotanni suna mai da hankali kan matsayi na kirkirar bayan allo, wanda ake kira matsayi na sama. Wadannan sun hada da: darektan, marubuci, furodusa, babban furodusa. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2018 Cibiyar har yanzu ba ta haɓaka ƙididdiga a kan matsayi na ƙasa da layin (ƙwarewa). An samar da rahotanni na Celluloid Ceiling tun daga shekara ta 1998.

Rahoton Celluloid Ceiling na 2017 ya bi diddigin kididdigar aiki don fina-finai na Hollywood 100, 250, da 500 da ba a sake fitar da su ba. Bayani na fina-finai 100 na sama da fina-fukkuna 500 na sama sune ƙari na baya-bayan nan ga tarin bayanan Cibiyar; cikakkun bayanan tarihi don kwatanta sun fito ne daga saman 250 category. Ga fina-finai 250 da suka fi dacewa rahoton ya gano cewa mata suna da kashi 18% na dukkan daraktoci, marubuta, masu samarwa, masu samar da zartarwa, masu gyara, da masu daukar hoto da aka yi amfani da su. Wannan ya rushe kamar haka:

* 25% na masu samarwa
* 19% na masu samar da zartarwa
* 16% na editoci
* 11% na marubutan
* 11% na daraktoci
* 4% na masu daukar hoto 

A kididdigar, waɗannan lambobi sun nuna cewa "kashi 1% na fina-finai sun dauki mata 10 ko fiye a cikin rawar da ke sama. Sabanin haka, kashi 70% na fina-fukki sun dauki maza 10 ko fiye".

The Media and Social Change Initiative a Jami'ar Kudancin California ta Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism ta kuma bayar da rahoto game da yanayin mata da 'yan tsiraru a masana'antar fina-finai a gaban da kuma bayan allo. Rahoton su, duk da haka, ya fi mayar da hankali kan wakilcin jinsi a allon.https://annenberg.usc.edu/sites/default/files/MDSCI_Gender_Inequality_in_600_films.pdf

## Yanayin Aiki
Duk da yake aikin mata da ke aiki a bayan allo a Hollywood ba shi da ƙima, an rarraba rahotanni game da yanayin aiki na ƙiyayya da nuna bambanci. A cikin 2016 kamfanin watsa labarai na EPIX ya samar da gajeren fina-finai goma sha biyu tare da manyan daraktoci da masu samarwa, maza da mata, suna bayyana nuna bambanci da yawa, ra'ayoyi, da tatsuniyoyi da ke fuskantar mata da ke aiki a Hollywood. Gidan yanar gizon *Shit People Say to Women Directors (& Sauran Mata a Fim) * ya zama wurin adana labarun da ke kwatanta cin zarafin mata a cikin masana'antar fim. Haɗuwa da yanayin aiki ya bayyana a bayyane a lokacin motsi na #MeToo na Hollywood, lokacin da mata da yawa suka bayyana cewa maza suna cin zarafin su ko cin zarafinsu yayin tambayoyin aiki ko yayin aiki a Hollywood.

## Binciken ACLU / EEOC
Bisa ga "Babban hujjojin kididdiga sun nuna bambance-bambance masu ban mamaki a cikin daukar mata daraktoci a fina-finai da talabijin, "  Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama ta Amurka (ACLU) ta Kudancin California da Shirin 'Yancin Mata na ACLU National sun aika da wasiƙu ga Ma'aikatar Ayyuka da Gidaje ta California, Hukumar Daidauniyar Amfani ta Amurka (EEOC), da Ofishin Shirye-shiryen Amfani da Yarjejeniyar Yarjejeniyar Tarayya suna neman kowane bangare ya buɗe bincike kan nuna bambanci a cikin daukar ma'aikata da rashin aikin mata masu gudanarwa a cikin fina-firai da talabiyoyin talabijin. Wasiƙu goma sha biyar, waɗanda aka aika a watan Mayu 2015, sun bayyana shingen tushe guda biyar da ke fuskantar daraktocin mata:

* "studios", cibiyoyin sadarwa", da masu samarwa" da gangan da kuma nuna bambanci don daukar, la'akari, da hayar mata masu cancanta daraktoci
* amfani da ayyukan nuna bambanci da kuma tantancewa waɗanda ke da tasirin rufe mata, kamar ɗaukar baki da amfani da gajerun jerin sunayen da mata ba su da wakilci;
* dogaro da, da ci gaba da, jima'i a cikin hayar da kimanta mata;
* shirye-shiryen da ba su da tasiri a cikin masana'antar don kara daukar mata da mutane masu launin fata waɗanda ba sa haifar da mata samun ayyukan jagora;
* rashin aiwatar da yarjejeniyar masana'antu ta ciki don kara daukar mata da mutane masu launin fata."

A watan Oktoba 2015 EECO ta fara "taɓawa mata daraktoci don bincika nuna bambancin jinsi a Hollywood.  A watan Fabrairun 2017 an ruwaito cewa EEOC tana cikin tattaunawa tare da dukkan manyan ɗakunan wasan kwaikwayo na Hollywood don warware nuna bambanci ga daraktocin mata a cikin daukar ma'aikata da aiki. Duk da yake binciken EEOC ya shafi daraktocin mata, canje-canje a cikin hayar da ayyukan aiki na iya shafar mata a Hollywood a duk faɗin mukamai.

## Tallafawa don Ƙarshen Celluloid Ceiling
Kungiyoyi da yawa sun dauki matakai don nuna gudummawar mata masu gudanarwa da kuma ba da shawara don hayar su. Vulture ta fitar da jerin sunayen mata masu aiki 100 da ke akwai hayar. Shahararren shafin yanar gizon Cinema Fanatic ya ba da labarin yadda ake yin shekara guda wajen kallon fina-finai kawai da mata suka jagoranta ko kuma suka jagorantar su, yayin da suke kalubalantar wasu su yi hakan. Yaƙin neman zaɓe ya tashi a kan Twitter tare da #AYearWithWomen kuma ya taimaka wajen fara tattaunawa mai mahimmanci da haɓaka wayar da kan jama'a game da daraktocin mata iri-iri. Irin wannan kamfen a halin yanzu ana inganta shi ta hanyar Mata a cikin Fim Los Angeles. An kira #52FilmsByWomen, ƙungiyar ta nemi jama'a su yi alkawarin kallon fim ɗin da mata ke jagoranta kowane mako na shekara guda; a halin yanzu suna da alkawuran sadaukarwa sama da 13,000. Mata a cikin Fim Los Angeles ta kuma yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Cibiyar Sundance "ta kaddamar da Shirin Mata masu shirya Fim don inganta daidaito tsakanin mata a bayan kyamara. "  Ƙoƙarin hadin gwiwa yana tallafawa bincike kan daukar ma'aikata na mata a Hollywood, albarkatu don kudade, kuma yana kula da jerin kungiyoyin da suka dace.

Film Fatales - cibiyar sadarwa ta mata masu gudanarwa da aka sadaukar da su ga hadin gwiwa, tallafi, da kuma bayar da shawarwari - sun fitar da jerin fina-finai da mata suka jagoranta. Film Fatales kuma yana aiki tare da bukukuwan fina-finai don taimaka musu fadada jerin sunayen mata masu jagoranta. Kungiyar Alliance of Women Directors, wacce ba ta da riba, wacce manufarta ta kewaye da ilimi, tallafi da bayar da shawarwari ga mata daraktoci a masana'antar nishaɗi, tana ba da abubuwan da suka faru, bita, sadarwar sadarwa, da shirye-shiryen inuwa na gida ga daraktocin mata. Kungiyar da Mata ke jagoranta tana kula da tarihin mata sama da 12,000 a shafin yanar gizon su.

Sauran kungiyoyin da ke aiki don wayar da kan jama'a da inganta mata da ke aiki a Hollywood sun hada da Mata a cikin Fim da Talabijin na Duniya, Cibiyar Geena Davis kan Jima'i a cikin Media, da Mata da Hollywood.

## Duba kuma

* Rufin gilashi
* Miss wakilci
* Tsakanin Afirka
* Mata a cikin fim

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Tattaunawar Lauzen
* Fim din Mata
* Celluloid Ceiling: Bayan-the-Scenes Aikin Mata a kan Top 250 Fim na 2006 a Movies by WomenFim din Mata
* Daraktocin fina-finai na mata: wani abu mai ban mamaki, *The Guardian*
* Samar da karin mata masu yin fim a cikin tsari
* "Unchain the mata daraktoci" - Salon
* Rashin ƙarfi: Daraktocin Mata da Oscars - Fabrairu 26, 2004
* "Ayyuka na Mata 11 Masu Fasaha sune Masu Zaɓin Oscar" , eNews na Mata, 2004
* Ina mata masu gudanarwa? - Gidan shakatawa