Batumi

Batumi (/bɑːˈtuːmi/; Georgian: ბათუმი kakaka), a tarihi Batum[1] ko Batoum,[2] ita ce birni na biyu mafi girma a Georgia kuma babban birnin Jamhuriyar Adjara mai cin gashin kanta. Batumi tana gefen gabashin Tekun Baƙi, kimanin kilomita 20 (mil 12) a arewacin iyakar Georgia da Turkiyya, tana ƙasan tsaunukan Caucasus a yankin da ke da danshi. A matsayinta na ɗaya daga cikin manyan biranen ƙasar, tana aiki a matsayin babbar tashar jiragen ruwa, cibiyar kasuwanci, da ƙofar al'adu tsakanin Turai da Asiya.[3]

Birnin ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin yankin kudu maso gabashin Black Sea saboda tashar jiragen ruwa mai zurfi da matsayi na dabarun tare da hanyoyin kasuwanci na yanki. A cikin ƙarni, Masarautar Georgia, Daular Ottoman, Daular Rasha, da Tarayyar Soviet sun mallaki Batumi, kowannensu ya bar alamun al'adu da gine-gine daban-daban. Tattalin arzikinta a tarihi ya dogara da cinikin teku da jigilar mai, musamman bayan gina bututun Baku-Batumi a farkon karni na 20. A yau, ya kasance babban wurin wucewa don fitar da makamashi na Caspian da kasuwancin yanki.

Tun daga farkon shekarun 2000, Batumi ta sami saurin sabuntawa, tare da babban saka hannun jari a yawon bude ido, ci gaban gine-gine, da kayan aikin sufuri. Sau da yawa ana kiranta "Las Vegas na Tekun Baƙi" [1] don masana'antar caca, otal-otal na zamani, da rayuwar dare, yayin da aka kuma san shi da sake gina gine-gine na ƙarni na 19 da wuraren jama'a. Ya zuwa 2025, birnin yana da yawan jama'a kusan 187,000 kuma yana karbar bakuncin manyan al'adun al'adu, cibiyoyin ilimi, da kuma daya daga cikin tashar jiragen ruwa mafi yawan jama'ar Georgia, yana mai da shi babban wurin yawon bude ido da kuma muhimmiyar cibiyar tattalin arziki a Kudancin Caucasus.

## Tarihi

### Gidauniyar farko da zamanin d ̄ a
Matsayin dabarun Batumi a bakin tekun Black Sea kusa da tsaunuka masu wucewa zuwa cikin Caucasus ya sanya shi muhimmin kasuwanci da soja daga zamanin d ̄ a. Binciken archaeological a Pichvnari wanda Gidan Tarihin Archaeological na Batumi ya gudanar tare da Jami'ar Oxford ya nuna cewa an zauna yankin Adjara tun farkon Karni na 5 BC, tare da shigo da amphorae da sauran shaidu na kasancewar teku na Girka. Tsohon ƙauyen ana gane shi tare da gidan ciniki na Girka da aka sani da **Bathus** ko Bathys (Girkanci: , bathys limēn, "masu zurfi"), sunan da aka rubuta a cikin kafofin gargajiya. A lokacin mulkin Hadrian (c. 117-138 AD), yankin ya nuna ganuwar Romawa. A cikin Karni na 6, Daular Byzantine ta sake mayar da hankali ga rundunar soja ta yankin zuwa sansanin Petra (Tsikhisdziri na zamani), ta rage muhimmancin dabarun Batumi.

### Masarautun Georgia na Tsakiya
Bayan ragargajewar Masarautar Georgia, yankin ya kasance ƙarƙashin mulkin Princes of Guria. A cikin ƙarni na 15 zuwa 16, Daular Ottoman ta mamaye Batumi a wasu lokuta. Bayan Yaƙin Sokhoista (1545), ya fada ƙarƙashin ikon Ottoman.

### Mulkin Ottoman (karni na 15 zuwa 19)
A cikin karni na 15, a lokacin mulkin Yarima Kakhaber Gurieli, Daular Ottoman ta ɗan kama Batumi da gundumar da ke kewaye da ita amma ta kasa kula da iko. Bayan ƙarni guda, Ottomans sun dawo tare da kasancewar soja mai ƙarfi, suna haifar da cin nasara a kan sojojin Georgia a Yaƙin Sokhoista a shekara ta 1545. Batumi daga baya ya canza hannaye sau da yawa: Yarima Rostom Gurieli ya sake dawo da shi a shekara ta 1546, ya ɓace ba da daɗewa ba, kuma Mamia II Gurieli ya dawo da shi cikin shekara ta 1609.

## Manazarta