Susan Ackerman (masanin kimiyyar jijiyoyi)

**Susan L. Ackerman** ƙwararriyar masaniyar kimiyyar jijiyoyi ce kuma ƙwararriyar ilimin halittar jini 'yar Amurka. Aikinta ya nuna wasu daga cikin abubuwan da suka shafi kwayoyin halitta da sinadarai masu alaƙa da ci gaban tsarin jijiyoyi na tsakiya da kuma cututtukan jijiyoyi masu alaƙa da shekaru.  Bincikenta yana da nufin taimaka wa masana kimiyya su fahimci abin da ke haifar da nau'ikan cututtukan jijiyoyi da dama a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa . Wannan binciken, da sauran makamantansu, na iya haifar da warkarwa ga cututtukan jijiyoyi . Ackerman farfesa ce a Jami'ar California San Diego. Ta taɓa zama farfesa a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Jackson da kuma Makarantar Kimiyyar Halittu ta Sackler a Jami'ar Tufts . Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin farfesa mai taimako a Jami'ar Maine, Orono . Ackerman abokiyar ilimin kwayoyin halitta ce a Asibitin Babban Asibitin Massachusetts da ke Boston, Massachusetts . 

## Ilimi
A matsayinsa na dalibin farko, Ackerman ya halarci Jami'ar Jihar California (Chico),  ya kammala karatunsa da digirin farko na Fasaha a fannin Sinadarai, da kuma digirin farko na Fasaha a fannin Biology.  Daga baya, Ackerman ya ci gaba da karatun digiri na biyu, inda ya sami digirin farko a fannin Biology a UCLA . 

## Aiki da bincike
Tun daga shekarar 2005, Ackerman ta yi aiki a matsayin mai bincike a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Howard Hughes .  Aikinta a can ya ta'allaka ne kan beraye da ake samu ta hanyar dakin gwaje-gwaje na Jackson, wanda aka sani da berayen Jax.  Waɗannan berayen suna da sauye-sauye iri-iri na kwayoyin halitta, wanda ke haifar da bayyanar siffofi daban-daban. Ackerman tana lura da waɗannan berayen kuma tana bincika bambance-bambancen kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke haifar da lahani a cikin berayen. Sannan ta binciki samfurin waɗannan kwayoyin halitta da kuma yadda suke shafar ci gaban jijiyoyi da kiyaye su.  Bayan ta yi shekaru goma sha tara a matsayin mamba a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na Jackson, a cikin 2016, Ackerman ta koma ɗakin gwaje-gwaje na Ackerman a UCSD.  A cikin dakin gwaje-gwajenta ta mayar da hankali kan tantance yadda homeostasis na jijiyoyi a cikin kwakwalwa masu tasowa da tsufa ke da alaƙa da hanyoyin kwayoyin halitta.  Ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta na gaba da ke haifar da phenotype da kwayoyin halitta na baya-bayan nan, ta gano sauye-sauye waɗanda ke haifar da ci gaban CNS mara kyau ko neurodegeneration, tana gano hanyoyin da ba su da alaƙa da asarar aikin jijiyoyi ko cututtukan ɗan adam.  An zaɓe ta a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa da Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a watan Afrilun 2019. 

### Unc5c
Binciken Ackerman ya fi mayar da hankali kan kwayar halittar *Unc5c* .  Samfurin kwayar halittar Unc5c shine furotin na Unc5c, wani mai karɓar ƙwayoyin cuta na jijiyoyi.  Binciken da ta yi kan furotin na Unc5c ya nuna cewa furotin yana da mahimmanci a cikin ci gaban corpus callosum, ƙwayoyin halittar da ke samar da haɗin kai tsakanin ɓangarorin kwakwalwa guda biyu. Sauye-sauye a cikin kwayar halittar *Unc5c*, tare da sauran kwayoyin halittar da aka canza, yana haifar da lalacewar corpus callosum . Duk da haka, idan *Unc5c* shine kawai kwayar halittar da aka canza, babu wani bambanci da aka gani a cikin corpus callosum . Wannan saboda mai karɓar Unc5c yana da mahimmanci kawai a cikin samuwar corpus callosum a cikin ƙwayoyin halittar da aka haifa da wuri, masu zurfi. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin halittar sun ƙunshi ƙaramin kashi na corpus callosum idan aka kwatanta da ƙwayoyin halittar da aka haifa da suka tsufa, na sama. 

### Berayen Harlequin
Binciken Ackerman ya kuma yi magana game da bambance-bambancen kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke haifar da ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi su fi saurin kamuwa da lalacewar oxidative . Wannan lalacewar oxidative yana haifar da apoptosis a cikin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi da yawa. Binciken ya mayar da hankali ne kan berayen Harlequin, waɗanda ke da proviral a cikin kwayar halittar apoptosis-inducing factor ( AIF ). Protein na AIF, kamar yadda binciken ya nuna, shine mai tattara ƙwayoyin halitta kyauta, yana ceton ƙwayoyin halitta daga lalacewa ta oxidative . Shigar da proviral cikin wannan kwayar halitta yana haifar da raguwar bayyanar da kashi 80%, yana haifar da lalacewar oxidative a cikin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi yayin da suke tsufa.

### Sauran bincike
Sauran ayyukan da Ackerman ya shiga ciki sun haɗa da maye gurbin U2 snRNA da alaƙarsa da neurodegeneration, wani lahani na gyaran tRNA synthetase wanda ke haifar da gurɓataccen furotin da neurodegeneration, da kuma dakatar da ribosome ta hanyar maye gurbin tRNA wanda ke haifar da neurodegeneration.   

## Manazarta