Forugh Farrokhzad

**Forugh Farrokhzad** (an haife ta 28  ga watan Disamba shekara ta  1934 - 14 Fabrairu 1967) ta kasance mawakiya   ne mai tasiri kuma Daraktan fim Dan I na kasar ran. Ta kasance mawakiyar zamani mai rikitarwa kuma marubuciya ce mai tsattsauran ra'ayi,   . Farrokhzad ya mutu a hatsarin mota yana da shekaru 32.

## Rayuwa ta farko da aiki
An haifi Forugh Farrokhzad a Tehran a ranar 28 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1934, ga jami'in soja na aiki Colonel Mohammad Bagher Farrokhzad (gidan Farrokhzad sun fito ne daga Tafresh) da matarsa Touran Vaziri-Tabar . Ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai (waɗansu Amir, Massoud, Mehrdad, Fereydoun, Pooran, da Gloria), ta halarci makaranta har zuwa aji na tara, sannan aka koya mata zane da sutura a makarantar 'yan mata don zane-zane. A lokacin da take da shekaru 16, ta auri mai ba da labari mai suna Parviz Shapour . Ta ci gaba da karatunta tare da zane-zane da ɗinki kuma ta koma tare da mijinta zuwa Ahvaz . An haifi ɗanta guda ɗaya, ɗa mai suna Kamyar Shapour (batun The Return), shekara guda bayan haka.

"Bayan ta rabu, kuma daga baya ta saki (1954), daga Parviz, ta rasa kula da ɗanta saboda tana da al'amuran da yawa. Ɗanta Kamyar, wanda ta kira shi da ƙauna Kami, Parviz da iyalinsa ne suka ɗauke shi kuma suka tashe shi. An ba Forugh 'yancin ziyara kaɗan, kuma an tashe yaron da ra'ayin cewa mahaifiyarsa ta watsar da shi don shayari da kuma bin jin daɗin jima'i. Tunanin ɗanta yana tunanin cewa ta da yardar rai ya bar shi ne babban baƙin ciki da wahala.

Farrokhzad ya yi watanni tara a Turai a shekarar 1958. Bayan ta koma Iran, don neman aiki ta sadu da mai shirya fina-finai da marubuci Ebrahim Golestan, wanda ya karfafa sha'awarta ta bayyana kanta da rayuwa da kanta, kuma tare da ita ta fara soyayya. Ta wallafa wasu kundin guda biyu, The Wall da The Rebellion, kafin ta yi tafiya zuwa Tabriz don yin fim game da mutanen Iran da kuturta ta shafa. Wannan fim din na 1962, mai taken The House is Black, an dauke shi wani muhimmin bangare ne na ƙungiyar New Wave ta Iran. A cikin kwanaki 12 na harbi, ta kasance tare da Hossein Mansouri, ɗan kuturta biyu. Ta karɓi yaron kuma ta kawo shi ya zauna a gidan mahaifiyarta.

Ta wallafa Reborn a shekarar 1964. Waƙoƙinta a wannan lokacin sun bambanta sosai daga tsoffin al'adun waƙoƙin Iran.

## Ra'ayi na mata a cikin waƙoƙin Farrokhzad

Muryar mace mai karfi ta Farrokhzad ta zama abin da aka mayar da hankali ga kulawa mara kyau da rashin amincewa, a lokacin rayuwarta da kuma karɓar aikinta bayan mutuwarta.

A cikin wata hira ta rediyo, lokacin da aka tambaye ta game da hangen nesa na mata a cikin waƙoƙinta, Farrokhzad ta amsa: "Idan waƙoƙina, kamar yadda ka ce, suna da wani bangare na mata, ba shakka na halitta ne. Bayan haka, da sa'a, ni mace ce. Amma idan ka yi magana game da kyawawan halaye na fasaha, ina tsammanin jinsi ba zai iya taka rawar gani ba. A zahiri, idan waɗannan halayen mutum ba za su iya kaiwa ga kansu, halayensu na jiki, kuma na ruhaniya, dole ne su iya samun wasu batutuwa masu kyau, halayyarsu, su iya zama na mutum, su iya haifar da juna, su, su iya yin hakan.

## Mutuwa
Farrokhzad ya mutu a hatsarin mota a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 1967, yana da shekaru 32.  Kodayake ainihin yanayin mutuwarta ya kasance batun muhawara da yawa, labarin hukuma shine cewa ta karkatar da jeep dinta don kauce wa bas din makaranta mai zuwa kuma an jefa ta daga motarta, ta bugi kanta a kan iyaka. An yi imanin cewa ta mutu kafin ta isa asibiti, duk da haka, Farzaneh Milani a cikin littafinta, Forugh Farrokhzad: A Literary Biography with Unpublished Letters, ya yi nuni da wata hira da Ebrahim Golestan wanda ke magana game da lokutan karshe na Farrokhzad inda ta mutu a hannunsa. Waƙar Farrokhzad "Bari mu Yi imani da Dawn of the Cold Season"  an buga ta ne bayan mutuwarta, kuma wasu suna ɗaukar ta ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin zamani mafi kyau a Farisa. 

## Kyauta

An dakatar da waƙoƙin Farrokhzad sama da shekaru goma bayan Juyin Juya Halin Musulunci.  An buga taƙaitaccen tarihin wallafe-wallafen Farrokhzad, Michael Craig Hillmann's A Lonely Woman: Forough Farrokhzad and Her Poetry, a shekarar 1987. Ayyukan Farzaneh Milani Veils and Words: The Emerging Voices of Iranian Women Writers (1992) sun haɗa da babi game da ita. Abdolali Dastgheib, marubucin mai sukar wallafe-wallafen, ya wallafa wani bita mai mahimmanci game da waƙoƙin Farrokhzad mai taken The Little Mermaid (Farsi title Pri Flor) (2006) wanda ya bayyana Forugh a matsayin majagaba a cikin waƙoƙar Farsi na zamani wanda ke nuna alamar mata a cikin aikinta. Nasser Saffarian ta ba da umarnin shirye-shirye uku game da rayuwarta: The Mirror of the Soul (2000), The *Green Cold* (2003), da Summit of the Wave (2004).

A watan Fabrairun 2017, a lokacin bikin cika shekaru 50 da mutuwar Farrokhzad, Golestan mai shekaru 94 ya karya shiru game da dangantakarsa da ita, yana magana da Saeed Kamali Dehghan na *[[The Guardian]]* .  "Ina makoki duk shekarun da ba ta nan, ba shakka, hakan a bayyane yake, "in ji shi. "Mun kasance kusa sosai, amma ba zan iya auna yadda nake ji game da ita ba. Ta yaya zan iya? A cikin kilos? A cikin mita?"

## Fassarar ayyukan Farrokhzad

* Larabci: Mohammad Al-Amin, Gassan Hamdan
* Azerbaijani: Samad Behrangi
* Turanci:
** Sin- Zaɓaɓɓen Waƙar Forugh Farrokhzad, wanda Sholeh Wolpé (Jami'ar Arkansas Press) ya shirya kuma ya fassara shi  Mai karɓar kyautar Lois Roth Translation Award
** *Bari mu Yi imani da farkon lokacin sanyi*, wanda Elizabeth T. Gray, Jr., ta fassara kuma ta shirya, (New Directions Publishing, 2022)  . 
** *Wani Haihuwa: Zaɓuɓɓukan Waƙoƙi*, wanda Ali Salami ya fassara, (Zabankadeh Publications, 2001)  . 
** Hasan Javadi da Susan Sallée sun fassara *Wani Haihuwa: Zaɓuɓɓukan Waƙoƙi* na Forugh Farrokhzad tare da wasiƙunta da tambayoyin a 1981. Mage Publishers (Washington, DC) ne suka buga wani bita na wannan ƙarar a cikin 2010 a matsayin fitowar harsuna biyu.
** *Bride of Acacias: Zaɓuɓɓukan Waƙoƙi na Forugh Farrokhzad*, wanda Jascha Kessler da Amin Banani suka fassara, (Caravan Books, Delmar, N.Y., 1982)  . 
** A Rebirth: Waƙoƙi, wanda David Martin ya fassara, tare da wata kasida mai mahimmanci ta Farzaneh Milani (Mazda Publishers, Lexington, Ky., 1985)  , gami da waka "The Wind-Up Doll" 
** "I Pity The Garden" an haɗa shi a cikin Green Book of Poetry wanda Ivo Mosley ya shirya, (Frontier Publishing, Norfolk, 1993), daga baya aka sake buga shi a matsayin Waƙoƙin Duniya: Waƙoƙi Daga Around The World Don girmama Duniya (HarperSanFrancisco, 1996)  . 
* Faransanci: Mahshid Moshiri, Sylvie Mochiri (sunan rubutu: Sylvie M. Miller) 
* Ibrananci: Sivan Balslev
* Jamusanci: Annemarie Schimmel
* Italiyanci: Domenico Ingenito (ed.) DomenicoIngenito (ed.), *Io parlo dai confini della notte*. *Forugh Farrokhzad: tutte le poesie* (Milan: Bompiani, 2023) 
* Kurdish: Haidar Khezri, Sauti ne kawai ya rage: Rayuwa da Kyautar Forough Farrokhzad, tare da Fassarar Tarin Litattafai Biyu na Waƙarta ("Wani Haihuwa" da "Bari Mu Yi imani a farkon Lokacin Cold"), wanda Salahaddin University Press 2016 ta buga.
* Nepali: An tattara shi a Manpareka Kehi Kavita wanda Suman Pokhrel ya fassara   
* Yaren mutanen Poland: Piotr Bachtin 
* Rasha: Viktor Poleshchuk 
* Yaren mutanen Sweden: Namdar Nasser
* Turkiyya: Hashem Khosrow-Shahi, Jalal Khosrow
* Urdu: Fehmida Riaz wanda 'Sheherzade Publications' Karachi ta buga
* Uzbek:
** Khurshid Davron wanda "Qirq bir oshiq daftari" ya buga Tashkent
** "Qayg'u guli", Tashkent, 2019-yil

## Bayanan littattafai

* Michael Craig Hillmann, *A Lonely Woman: Forough Farrokhzad and Her Poetry* (Three Continents Press, Washington, D.C., 1987). ISBN&nbsp;, .
* Domenico Ingenito (ed.), ''Io parlo dai confini della notte''. ''Forugh Farrokhzad: tutte le poesie'' (Milan: Bompiani, 2023).

## Shirye-shiryen tarihi da sauran ayyukan

* Sai kawai Murya ta rage, ɗan gajeren gwajin gwaji na harshen Ingilishi game da Forugh Farrokhzad ta amfani da fassarorin Sholeh Wolpe. Mai shirya fina-finai na London Makez Rikweda ne ya ba da umarni.
* Zan sake gaishe da rana sau ɗaya, shirin harshen Ingilishi game da Forough Farrokhzad, na Mansooreh Saboori, Irandukht Productions 1998.
* Moon Sun Flower Game, fim din Jamusanci game da ɗan Forough Farrokhzad mai suna Hossein Mansouri, na Claus Strigel, Denkmal-Film 2007.
* *Bride na Acacias*, wasan kwaikwayo game da Forough Farrokhzad na Ezzat Goushegir . 
* Song of a Captive Bird, wani labari game da Forough Farrokhzad na Jasmin Darznik .

## Ƙarin karantawa

* Sholeh Wolpé (ed.), Sin: Zaɓuɓɓukan Waƙoƙi na Forugh Farrokhzad, (Fayetteville [Arkansas]: Jami'ar Arkansas Press, 2007).   ISBN&nbsp;
* Manijeh Mannani, "Kwarewar Mai Karatu da Ƙididdigar Farrokhzad", Crossing Boundaries, Vol. **1**, shafuffuka na 49-65 (2001). &nbsp;
* Michael Craig Hillmann, "An Autobiographical Voice: Forough Farrokhzad", a cikin Autobiographies na Mata a Iran ta zamani, wanda Afsaneh Najmabadi (Cambridge [Massachusetts]: Harvard University Press, 1990) ta shirya.   ISBN .&nbsp;
* Ezzat Goushegir, The *Bride na Acacias* (wasan game da Forough Farrokhzad). 
* R. M. Chopra, Mashahuriyar Mawakin Farisa (Kolkata: Iran Society, 2010).
* Abdolali Dastgheib, *Parī-e kūchak-e daryā: naqd va taḥlīl-e she'r-i Forugh Farrokhzād * [The little mermaid: critical review of poems by Forough Farrokhzad] (Tehran: Amitis Publishers, 2006).   ISBN .&nbsp;
* Mohammad Reza Vaez Shahrestani, "Forough's Existentialist Lifeworld: A Minimalist Reading", Littattafai & Aesthetics 28 (2): 33-50. 2018.

## Dubi kuma
 

* Mina Assadi
* Simin Behbahani
* Parvin E'tesami
* Ebrahim Golestan

## manazarta