Hortense Calisher

**Hortense Calisher**, an haife ta a ashirin ga Disamba , shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da goma sha daya a New York kuma ta mutu sha uku ga junairu shekara ta dubu biyu da tara a Manhattan, marubucinyaralmara  Ba'amurke .

## Tarihin Rayuwar ta
Hortense Calisher ta sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Hunter a 1928, sannan daga Kwalejin Barnard a 1932  . Ita ce 'yar wata matashiyar 'yar gudun hijira Bajamushe-Yahudu kuma wani uba Bayahude dan kadan daga Virginia . Da'irar iyali ta bayyana a matsayin duka "mai aman wuta da tunani, wanda aka ƙaddara don samar da mai  *al'umma da lokaci"* *.*

A cikin shekara ta dubu ɗaya da dari tara da saba'in da biyu ta shiga cikin yakin kare hakkin zubar da ciki na mujallar *Ms.* Masu fafutuka suna kira da a kawo karshen "dokokin archaic" da ke iyakance 'yancin haihuwa ko a'a, kuma suna ƙarfafa mata su ba da labarinsu  .

Hortense Calisher ta mutu a ranar 13 ga Janairu, 2009, tana da shekaru 97, a Manhattan. Mijinta, Curtis Harnack, da danta, Peter Heffelfinger, sun rasu daga aurenta na farko zuwa Heaton Bennet Heffelfinger 

## Aikin adabi
Hortense Calisher yana fuskantar halayenta tare da rikitarwa da ilimin halin dan Adam, wanda ke manne da gaskiyar hanyoyin da ta bayyana. Ta yi cikakken bincike sosai kafin lokacin rubutu. Don haka mai karatu ya shiga cikin hadaddun bincike da dabaru, inda aka rubuta jujjuyawar yanayi cikin basira  . Marubucin ya yi amfani da yare mai ban sha'awa da raɗaɗi, tare da tsayayyen murya mai ƙarfi, wani lokacin idan aka kwatanta da Eudora Welty, Charles Dickens, Jane Austen da Henry James . Masu sukar lokacin sun ɗauki Hortense Calisher a matsayin ɗan , kuma sun la'anci ko yaba ta, saboda zurfin binciken da ta yi game da haruffa da , zamantakewa 

Rubuce-rubucensa sun yi hannun riga da mafi girman yanayin rubutu na almara a cikin 1970s da shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da tamanin, wanda daga nan ya yi amfani da salon salo mai ban sha'awa ba tare da bayyana ra'ayi ba. Kasawa da warewa su ne manyan jigogin marubucin, wanda littafinsa ya ƙunshi litattafai kusan 23 da tarin gajerun labarai  .

ToHortense Calisher ta buga tarin gajerun labarai na farko, *A cikin Rashin Mala'iku* a 1951, da littafinta na farko *na Shigar Qarya*, a cikin 1961 . Aikin ƙarshe na marubucin, *Tattoo for a Slave (shekara ta dubu biyu da hudu)*, ta bibiyi tarihin dangin mahaifinta tun kafin yakin basasa zuwa rayuwarta 

## Yabo
Hortense Calisher ta zama shugabar mata ta biyu na Kwalejin Fasaha da Wasika ta Amurka a 1987 . Daga shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da tamanin da shida zuwa shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da tamanin da bakwai ta zama shugabar kungiyar marubutan Amurka ta PEN America  Ta sami Guggenheim Fellowships guda biyu a cikin 1952 da 1955 . Marubucin shine wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta kasa  . Ta lashe lambar yabo ta O. Henry na *The Night Club a cikin Woods* da  Gajerun Labarai. A cikin 1986, ta ci lambar yabo ta Janet Heidinger Kafka don *The Bobby Soxer*  .

## Littafi Mai Tsarki

### Almara
Daga jerin marasa ƙoshi :

* *In the Absence of Angels*, Little Brown & Co., 1951,  (ISBN 1135369879)
* *False Entry,* Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1961,  (ISBN 1555841961)
* *Tale for the Mirror: A Novella and Other Stories,* Little, Brown, 1962
* *Textures of Life*, Little Brown & Co, 1963,  (ISBN 1531821049)
* *Extreme Magic*, Little Brown & Co, 1964
* *Journal from Ellipsia*, Little Brown & Co, 1965
* *The Railway Police and The Last Trolley Ride*, 1966, Open Road Media, réédition 2013,  (ISBN 1480437417)
* *The New Yorkers*, Little Brown & Co, 1969
* *Queenie*, Arbor House, 1971,  (ISBN 1480438952)
* *Standard Dreaming*, Arbor House, 1972,  (ISBN 0877950431)
* *Eagle Eye,* Arbor House, 1973,  (ISBN 0877950628)
* *The Collected Stories of Hortense Calisher,* Arbor House, 1975,  (ISBN 0877951152)
* *On Keeping Women,* Arbor House, 1977,  (ISBN 9780877951698)
* *Mysteries of Motion*, Doubleday Publishing, 1983,  (ISBN 9780385184069)
* *Saratoga, Hot*, Doubleday, 1985,  (ISBN 0385199759)
* *The Bobby-Soxer*, Open Road Media, 1986,  (ISBN 1480439002)
* *Age,* Thorndike Press, 1987,  (ISBN 0896211274)
* *The Small Bang*, publié sous le pseudonyme de Jack Fenno, Random House, 1992,  (ISBN 0679413650)
* *In the Palace of the Movie King*, Random House, 1993,  (ISBN 0679415742)
* *In the Slammer with Carol Smith,* 1987,  (ISBN 0714530204)
* *The Novellas of Hortense Calisher,* Modern Library, 1997,  (ISBN 0679602496)
* *Sunday Jews,* Mariner Books, 2003,  (ISBN 0156027453)