Jami'ar Howard

**Jami'ar Howard jami'a** ce mai zaman kanta, wacce baƙar fata ce ta tarihi, wacce gwamnatin tarayya ta ba da izini a Washington, DC, Amurka. An rarraba ta a cikin "R1: Jami'o'in Doctoral - Ayyukan bincike masu yawa" kuma Hukumar Ilimi Mai Girma ta Tsakiya ta amince da ita .  Ita ce kawai HBCU mai suna R1.

An kafa Howard a shekarar 1867, wata cibiya ce da ba ta da alaƙa da addini wadda ke cikin unguwar Shaw . [1] Tana bayar da digiri na farko, digiri na biyu, da na ƙwararru a cikin shirye-shirye sama da 120.

## Tarihi

### Ƙarni na 19
Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ƙarshen Yaƙin Basasa na Amurka, membobin ƙungiyar First Congregational Society of Washington sun yi tunanin kafa makarantar tauhidi don ilmantar da malaman baƙar fata. Cikin 'yan makonni kaɗan, aikin ya faɗaɗa har ya haɗa da tanadin kafa jami'a. Cikin shekaru biyu, jami'ar ta ƙunshi kwalejojin fasaha da likitanci masu sassaucin ra'ayi. An sanya wa sabuwar cibiyar suna saboda Janar Oliver Otis Howard, gwarzon Yaƙin Basasa wanda shi ne wanda ya kafa jami'ar kuma, a lokacin, kwamishinan Ofishin 'Yancin Kai . Daga baya Howard ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban jami'ar daga 1869 zuwa 1874.  

Majalisar Dokokin Amurka ta ba da hayar Howard a ranar 2 ga Maris, 1867, kuma yawancin kuɗaɗen farko da ta bayar sun fito ne daga tallafin kuɗi, tallafin kuɗi na sirri da kuma kuɗin makaranta. (A ƙarni na 20 da 21, kasafin kuɗi na shekara-shekara na majalisar dokoki, wanda Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Amurka ke gudanarwa, yana ba da kuɗaɗen Jami'ar Howard da Asibitin Jami'ar Howard.) 

An yi gyare-gyare da yawa a harabar jami'a. An gyara Howard Hall kuma an mayar da shi ɗakin kwanan dalibai ga mata. 

### ƙarni na 20
Daga 1926 zuwa 1960, mai wa'azi Mordecai Wyatt Johnson shine shugaban farko na Baƙar fata-Amurka a Jami'ar Howard. 

Shekarun Babban Mawuyacin Halin da ake ciki na shekarun 1930 sun kawo wa harabar jami'a wahala. Duk da roƙon da Eleanor Roosevelt ya yi, Howard ya ga an rage kasafin kuɗinsa ƙasa da matakan gwamnatin Hoover a lokacin shugabancin Franklin D. Roosevelt . 

A shekarun 1930, Jami'ar Howard har yanzu tana da gidaje daban-daban na ɗalibai.  

Jami'ar Howard ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama a lokuta da dama. Alain Locke, shugaban Sashen Falsafa kuma ɗan Afirka na farko ɗan Rhodes Scholar, ya rubuta *The New Negro* (1925), wanda ya taimaka wajen kawo ƙarshen Harlem Renaissance .  Ralph Bunche, wanda ya lashe kyautar zaman lafiya ta Nobel ta farko daga Afirka, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Sashen Kimiyyar Siyasa .  Tun daga shekarar 1942, ɗaliban Jami'ar Howard sun fara amfani da dabarar "zama a kan kujera" ta mamaye kujeru a wani gidan cin abinci na gida wanda ya hana baƙar fata 'yan Amurka hidima, yana toshe sauran abokan ciniki da ke jiran hidima.  Wannan dabarar ita ce ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama ta baya. Zuwa watan Janairun 1943, ɗalibai sun fara shirya zaman zama na yau da kullun da kuma yin zanga-zanga a kusa da Washington, DC a shagunan sigari da gidajen cin abinci waɗanda suka ƙi yi musu hidima saboda launin fatarsu. Waɗannan zanga-zangar ta ci gaba har zuwa kaka ta 1944. 

Stokely Carmichael, wanda aka fi sani da Kwame Ture, ɗalibi a Sashen Falsafa da Makarantar Allahntaka ta Jami'ar Howard, ya ƙirƙiro kalmar " Ƙarfin Baƙi " kuma ya yi aiki a Gundumar Lowndes, Alabama a matsayin mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin zaɓe .  Masanin tarihi Rayford Logan ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Sashen Tarihi .  E. Franklin Frazier ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Sashen Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam .  Sterling Allen Brown ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Sashen Turanci .

## Manazarta