Lambunan Botanic na Singapore

**Lambunan Botanic na Singapore** wani lambu ne mai shekaru 166 na wurare masu zafi da ke bakin gefen titin Orchard Road a Singapore. Yana daya daga cikin lambuna uku, kuma lambun wurare masu zafi daya tilo, da za a karrama shi a matsayin wurin Tarihin Duniya na UNESCO. Lambunan Botanic sun kasance a matsayin manyan wuraren shakatawa na Asiya tun 2013, ta TripAdvisor Travellers' Choice Awards. An ayyana shi a matsayin Lambun farko na shekara ta Kyautar Lambun Yawon shakatawa ta Duniya a cikin 2012.

An kafa Lambunan Botanic a wurin da yake yanzu a cikin 1859 ta Ƙungiyar Agri-horticultural Society. Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a bunkasuwar cinikin roba a yankin a farkon karni na ashirin lokacin da daraktan kimiyya na farko, Henry Nicholas Ridley, ya jagoranci bincike kan noman shukar. Ta hanyar inganta fasahar hakar roba, wadda har yanzu ake amfani da ita a yau, da kuma inganta darajar tattalin arzikinta ga masu shukar a yankin, kayan aikin roba ya fadada cikin sauri. A tsawonsa a cikin 1920s, yankin Malayan ya mamaye rabin samar da latex na duniya.

Lambun Orchid na kasa, wanda ke cikin manyan lambuna, yana kan gaba wajen nazarin orchid kuma ya kasance majagaba a cikin noman nau'ikan nau'ikan da ke fitar da orchid. Taimakon yanayin yanayin equatorial, yana da tarin tarin orchid mafi girma na nau'ikan 1,200 da nau'ikan 2,000.

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan samun 'yancin kai na ƙasar, ƙwarewar Lambunan Botanic ta Singapore ta taimaka wajen mayar da tsibirin zuwa wani wuri mai zafi "Birnin Lambuna", hoto da abin tunawa wanda al'ummar ta shahara sosai. A cikin 1981, an zaɓi nau'in orchid na matasan, Vanda Miss Joaquim, a matsayin furen ƙasar. "Diflomasiyyar Orchid" ta Singapore tana girmama shugaban kasa, manyan mutane, da mashahurai masu ziyara ta hanyar sanyawa mafi kyawun matasanta sunayensu; Ana nuna waɗannan a shahararrun lambunan VIP Orchid.

Lambunan suna buɗewa daga karfe 5 na safe zuwa 12 na dare kowace rana kuma shiga kyauta ne, sai na National Orchid Garden. Fiye da nau'in flora 10,000 sun bazu a kan kadada 82 (kadada 200), wanda aka shimfiɗa a tsaye; mafi tsayin nisa tsakanin iyakar arewa da kudu shine kilomita 2.5 (mita 1.6). Lambunan Botanic na karɓar baƙi kusan miliyan 4.5 kowace shekara.

## Tarihi
"Lambun Botanical da Gwaji" na farko a Singapore an kafa shi a cikin 1822 akan Dutsen Gwamnati ta Sir Stamford Raffles, wanda ya kafa Singapore na zamani kuma mai kishin halitta. Babban aikin lambun shi ne tantance amfanin gonakin noma wanda ke da mahimmancin tattalin arziki, gami da samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan marmari, kayan kamshi da sauran kayan masarufi. An rufe wannan Lambun na farko a shekara ta 1829.

Sai bayan shekaru 30 ne aka fara Lambun Botanic na Singapore na yanzu a cikin 1859, lokacin da gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta baiwa kungiyar Agri-horticultural Society ta Singapore hectare 32 na fili a Tanglin, wacce ta samu daga hannun dan kasuwa Hoo Ah Kay, wanda aka fi sani da Whampoa, don musanya filin a Boat Quay.

### 1859-1876
Sabbin lambunan sun fara aiki da farko a matsayin "wajan shakatawa" ga membobin al'umma. An dauki Lawrence Niven a matsayin mai kula da mai tsara shimfidar wuri don mai da abin da ke da gaske shuke-shuke da aka mamaye da gandun daji na budurwa zuwa wurin shakatawa na jama'a. Shi da tawagarsa sun yi aiki don haɓaka Lambunan don yin la'akari da salon Harshen Lambun Landscape na Ingilishi. Wannan ya haɗa da jerin "hanyoyin haɗin kai da tafiye-tafiye, filin faretin da aka daidaita don makada na soja don kunna kiɗa ... da kuma kafa dasa kayan ado". Tsarin Lambunan kamar yadda yake a yau ya dogara ne akan ƙirar Niven. A cikin 1866 Lambunan sun faɗaɗa a yankin Arewa maso yamma da kusan kadada 12. An gudanar da tono tafkin Swan a shekara ta 1866. A cikin 1868, an kammala zauren Burkill. Ƙungiyar Agri-horticultural Society ta Singapore ta ƙare ba da kuɗi, wanda ya kai ga mulkin mallaka na mulkin mallaka a cikin 1874. A cikin 1875, Kwamitin Laburare na Raffles ya zaɓi wani mai horticulturist, Henry James Murton, don zama babban Sufeto na Lambunan, yayin da masanin ilimin dabbobi, William Krohn, an hayar da shi a matsayin mai kula da lambun na farko a cikin lambun Zoological. zoo in Singapore. A shekara ta 1877, sassan da suka ci gaba na lambunan suna cike da ɗigogi tare da wuraren da ke da tarin dabbobi kusan 150.

### 1877-1942
Tushen roba na farko ya zo lambuna daga Kew Gardens a cikin 1877. Masanin halitta, Henry Nicholas Ridley, ko Mad Ridley kamar yadda aka san shi, ya zama darektan lambuna a 1888 kuma ya jagoranci noman roba. Ya yi nasara a gwaje-gwajensa na dashen roba, Ridley ya shawo kan masu shuka a fadin Malaya su rungumi hanyoyinsa. Sakamakon ya kasance mai ban mamaki; Malaya ta zama ta daya a duniya wajen kera roba da fitar da roba.

## Manazarta