Agathe Uwilingiyimana

**Agathe Uwilingiyimana** ( [u.wǐː.ɾiː.ɲɟi.jí.mɑ̂ː.nɑ]; 23 ga Mayu 1953 - 7 ga Afrilu 1994), wani lokacin ana kiranta **Madam Agathe**,  ya kasance dan siyasa ne na Rwanda. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na Rwanda daga 18 ga Yuli 1993 har zuwa lokacin da aka kashe ta a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1994, a lokacin budewa na Kisan kare dangi na Rwanda . Ta kuma kasance mukaddashin shugaban kasar Rwanda a cikin sa'o'in da suka kai ga mutuwarta.

Ita ce Firayim Minista ta farko a Rwanda kuma har zuwa yanzu ita ce kawai mace.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Agathe Uwilingiyimana a ranar 23 ga Mayu 1953 a ƙauyen Nyaruhengeri, Lardin Butare a kudancin Rwanda, kilomita 140 (87  kudu maso gabashin babban birnin Kigali . Ta koma tare da iyayenta masu noma  zuwa Belgian Congo don neman aiki, amma sun koma Butare a shekara ta 1957.  Ta kasance memba na kabilun Hutu wanda ya kasance mafi yawan mutanen Rwanda.

Bayan nasarar da ta samu a jarrabawar jama'a  ta yi karatu a makarantar sakandare ta Notre Dame des Cîteaux, kuma ta sami takardar shaidar koyar da ilimin ɗan adam a 1973. Ta ci gaba da karatun digiri a lissafi da ilmin sunadarai, bayan haka ta zama malamar makaranta a Butare a shekarar 1976. A shekara ta 1983 tana koyar da ilmin sunadarai a Jami'ar Kasa ta Rwanda da ke Butare . Ta sami B.Sc. a 1985, kuma ya koyar da ilmin sunadarai na tsawon shekaru hudu a makarantun ilimi na Butare. Ta sami zargi daga masu bin al'ada don inganta lissafi da nazarin kimiyya tsakanin ɗaliban mata.

Uwilingiyimana ta auri wata abokiyar makarantar sakandare, Ignace Barahira, a shekara ta 1976; ta ci gaba da sunan budurcinta, kamar yadda ya saba ga matan Rwandan. Ta haifi ta farko daga cikin 'ya'yanta biyar a shekara mai zuwa.

## Hawan zuwa Firayim Minista
A shekara ta 1986 ta kirkiro Soriority da Credit Cooperative Society tsakanin ma'aikatan makarantar kimiyya ta Butare, kuma rawar da ta taka a cikin kungiyar taimakon kai ta kawo ta ga hukumomin Kigali, wadanda ke son nada masu yanke shawara daga kudancin kasar. A shekara ta 1989 ta zama darakta a Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci . 

Ta shiga Jam'iyyar Republican Democratic Movement (MDR), jam'iyyar adawa, a shekarar 1992, kuma Dismas Nsengiyaremye ne ya nada ta a matsayin Ministan Ilimi,  Firayim Minista na farko na adawa a karkashin tsarin raba iko da aka tattauna tsakanin Shugaba Juvénal Habyarimana da manyan jam'iyyun adawa guda biyar. A matsayinsa na ministan ilimi, Uwilingiyamana ya soke tsarin ƙididdigar kabilanci na ilimi, a maimakon haka ya rarraba wuraren makarantar jama'a da kyaututtuka bisa ga cancantar buɗewa. Wannan ya zo ne a tsakiyar Yaƙin basasar Rwanda na 1990-94, kuma ya ba ta ƙiyayya da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Hutu, kamar yadda tsarin ƙididdigar ya fi son Hutu.

Uwilingiyimana ya gaji Nsengiyaremye a matsayin Firayim Minista na Rwanda a ranar 17 ga Yuli, 1993, bayan ganawa tsakanin Shugaba Habyarimana da jam'iyyun biyar. Jam'iyyar ta rabu tsakanin masu matsakaici da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, kuma ta kasance mai matsakaici. Nsengiyaremye da MDR sun shirya wani taro na musamman a Kabusunzu a ranar 23-24 ga watan Yuli, a lokacin da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi suka yi murabus daga jam'iyyar, tare da shugaban MDR, Faustin Twagiramungu.

Uwilingiyimana ta yi murabus a takaice saboda rashin goyon bayanta, amma wani rukuni na fitattun mutane, ciki har da Twagiramungu da Théoneste Bagosora, sun sa ta yi watsi da murabus dinta. Ta haka ne aka raba MDR zuwa ƙungiyoyi biyu kowannensu yana da'awar zama ainihin MDR. A wani taro a Kigali, Habyarimana ta yi mata jawabi a matsayin "Kai, mace!", inda ta amsa "Kada ku yi magana da ni kamar haka. Ba matarku ba ce!" 

## Yarjejeniyar Arusha
Gwamnatin Habyarimana-Uwilingiyimana tana da aiki mai ban tsoro na samun nasarar kammala Yarjejeniyar Arusha tare da 'yan tawaye na Rwandese Patriotic Front (RPF), ƙungiyar 'yan ta'adda da ke mamaye Tutsi. An cimma yarjejeniya tsakanin Habyarimana, jam'iyyun adawa guda biyar (wanda Uwilingiyimana ke jagoranta), da RPF, a ranar 4 ga watan Agusta 1993. A karkashin Yarjejeniyar Arusha, mai mulki na Habyarimana MRND zai dauki shugabancin rikon kwarya, kuma Firayim Minista zai zama Faustin Twagiramungu daga MDR. [1]

## Manazarta