Rijistar mai gurɓata da canza wuri na muhalli

**Rijista mai gurbatawa da canja wuri** (PRTR), tsari ne dan tattarawa da yada bayanai game da sakin muhalli da canja wurin abubuwa masu haɗari daga masana'antu da sauran wurare.

An kafa PRTRs a ƙasashe da yawa bayan Bala'i na Bhopal na shekarata 1984 da taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Muhalli da Cigaba a Rio de Janeiro na shekarar 1992, wanda ya tabbatar da 'yancin al'ummomi da ma'aikata su sani game da sinadarai masu guba da sauran abubuwan damuwa.

## Haƙƙin al'umma su sani
A cikin ƙasashe da yawa wuraren masana'antu suna buƙatar izini don aiwatar da matakan da ke haifar da matsi na muhalli. Kuma Dole ne hukumomi su daidaita bukatun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo daban-daban lokacin ba da irin wannan izini kuma za su nuna wannan ma'auni a cikin yanayi da bukatun da aka sanya a cikin izinin. Kamfanoni da farar hula da ke zaune kusa da wuraren gabaɗaya suna da matakan fahimta daban-daban da bayanai kan matakai da tasirin muhalli. A cikin mahallin dimokraɗiyya duk da haka filin wasa na matakin ga duk 'yan wasan da ke da hannu wajen ba da izinin yanke shawara yana da mahimmanci ga yarda da yanke shawara. Dangane da wannan batu, ƙa'idar Yarjejeniyar Aarhus tana buƙatar waɗanda ke cikin wannan yarjejeniya su kafa PRTRs a matsayin kayan aiki don samarwa jama'a irin wannan bayanin. 

Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai ƙungiya ce ta yarjejeniyar UNECE akan PRTRs kuma ta ƙirƙiri nata rajista, Tarayyar Turai Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) 

 An kafa wannan rajista ta Doka (EC) No. 166/2006.

## Ingancin bayanai
PRTR wani nau'in kaya ne na hayaki, yawanci yana ƙunshe da bayanai kan hayaƙi zuwa muhalli daga wuraren masana'antu guda ɗaya. Hanyoyin tattara bayanai na PRTR don fitar da mahaɗar ɗaiɗaikun galibi suna amfani da tambayoyin tambayoyin da aka aika zuwa ɗaiɗaikun wurare ko kamfanoni. Kuma Ana tabbatar da amsoshin da hukumomin da suka cancanta suka samu kuma a buga su a gidan yanar gizon jama'a.

Dangane da ra'ayin 'yancin sanin al'umma, wannan hanya tana tabbatar da cewa an buga bayanai da zarar sun samu. Duk da ingantattun hukumomin da suka cancanta, sannan Kuma  bayanan sun kasance ainihin ƙididdigar wuraren da sarrafa ingancin bayanai da gaske ya dogara da masu amfani da bayanai suna yin tambayoyi. Tun da ma'anar kayan aiki wani ɓangare ne kawai na duk ayyuka a cikin ƙasa, jimlar fitar da aka ruwaito a cikin PRTR yakamata kowane gurɓataccen abu ya kasance ƙasa ko daidai da jimillar hayaƙi da aka ruwaito a cikin ƙasa.

## Misalai

* Ostiraliya: Inventory Pollutant Inventory (NPI)
* Kanada: Inventory Release Inventory (NPRI)
* Tarayyar Turai: Sakin Gurbacewar Ruwa na Turai da Rajista Canja wurin (E-PRTR)
* Mexico: Registro de Emisiones da Transferencia de Contaminantes (RETC)
* Amurka: Inventory Release Inventory (TRI)

### Bayanan kafa

### Hanyoyin hadi na waje

* Hukumar Tarayyar Turai (2007), EPER European Pollutant Emission Rajista; Rahoton Binciken EPER 2004

## Manazarta
Ci gaba da karatu

* "Mene ne PRTR?" (Cibiyar Horo da Bincike ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya)
* "Gabatarwa ga PRTRs" (Kungiyar Haɗin Kan Tattalin Arziki da Ci Gaba)
* "Baya: PRTRs da Manufofinsu" (Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya)

Shafukan yanar gizo na PRTR na ƙasa:

* Ƙirar Sakin Abubuwan Guba na Amurka
* Kayayyakin Sakin Gurbacewar Ruwa na Ƙasar Kanada
* Mexican Registro de Emisiones da Transferencia de Contaminantes
* Ƙididdiga Masu Guba na Ƙasar Australiya
* Farashin PRTR
* Fitar da Gurbacewar Sweden da Rajista Canja wurin

Shafukan yanar gizo na PRTR na yanki

* Tarayyar Turai Rajistar Gurbacewar iska
* Hukumar Arewacin Amurka don Haɗin gwiwar Muhalli na Sakin Ƙira da Rajistar Canja wurin (PRTR) shafi

Abubuwan da aka bayar na PRTR

* Cibiyar Bayanan PRTR (OECD)
* Cibiyar Albarkatu don Dabarun Ƙimar Saki na PRTR (OECD)
* PRTR Virtual Classroom (UNITAR)
* PRTR Capacity Building Library (UNITAR)
* Akwatin Kayan Aikin NPRI don Abubuwan Rahoto (Kanada)

Ƙungiyoyin da ba na Gwamnati ba

* Cibiyar Sadarwar Dama-don Sani (US) 
* PollutionWatch (Shafin Bayanin Gurbacewar Ruwa na Kanada-ARCHIVED)