open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Violet Mar

**Violet Mar** (ta mutu a shekara ta 1577) mace ce ta Scotland da ake zargi da maita da kuma shirya mutuwar Regent Morton, mai mulkin Scotland .

## Tarihi
Violet ta zauna a Kildeis ko Keldeis a Muthill ko Methven a Perthshire kuma an zarge ta da yin amfani da maita, maita, sihiri, da kiran ruhohi a cikin makircin da ake zargi da Morton. Ba a san komai game da rayuwarta ko dalilin da ya sa ta motsa ba.

Abercairny" id="mwEA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Catherine Murray, Lady Abercairny">Robert Murray na Abercairny, wani laird na gida, ya shiga cikin kama ta da shari'arta. Ya nemi shawara daga surukinsa, Annabell Murray, Countess of Mar, wanda shine shugaban gidan Sarki James VI a Stirling Castle a lokacin.

A watan Satumbar 1577, Annabell Murray ta shawarci Robert Murray kada ya zo Stirling Castle saboda Regent Morton yana zuwa. Laird na Abercairny ya yi niyyar kawo Violet Mar zuwa Stirling, kuma Annabell Murray ta ba da shawarar cewa ya sami rubuce-rubuce daga masu tuhumar ta. Wannan ita ce wasika ta biyu a kan batun daga Countess of Mar, tana nuna rawar da ta taka wajen shirya gwajin Violet Mar. An ba da shawarar cewa sa hannun Countess of Mar a cikin irin waɗannan lokuta ya taimaka wajen tsara halayen James VI ga matan da ake zargi da maita.

A ranar 10 ga Oktoba 1577, an aika wani manzo na sarauta, Robert Binning, daga Edinburgh don kiran Margaret Murray, Lady Clackmannan (wani 'yar'uwar Catherine Murray, Lady Abercairney da Countess of Mar), Laird na Abercairny da matarsa Catherine Murray, da sauransu don bayyana a gaban Majalisar Privy a ranar 18 ga Oktoba. Binning kuma ya kawo kira ga assize (trial) na Violet Mar, wanda aka shirya don 24 ga Oktoba.[1]￼

An gabatar da Violet Mar a gaban shari'a kuma an yanke masa hukunci a ranar 24 ga Oktoba 1577. 

## Gafara daga gwamnatin Scotland
A watan Maris na shekara ta 2022 Nicola Sturgeon, ministan farko na Scotland, ya nemi gafara saboda tsananta wa wadanda ake zargi da maita a cikin karni na 16, 17, da 18. Gwamnatin Scotland ba ta nemi gafara a baya ba.

## Manazarta
Mutumin Andrew

Andrew Man (wani lokacin ana rubuta shi Andro Man) mutum ne mai wayo kuma mai warkarwa a Aberdeen wanda aka gwada shi a matsayin maƙaryaci a shekara ta 1597, lokacin da yake tsoho, kuma ya ƙone shi a shekara ta 1548. Ya ce ikonsa ya fito ne daga Sarauniyar Elphame - sarauniyar fada wacce yake tare da ita a kai a kai. Labarinsa sananne ne a matsayin misali na wani maƙaryaci namiji wanda aka yi imanin yana da dangantaka ta jima'i da wani abu mai ban mamaki - a game da maƙaryacin mata, an yi imanin cewa sun yi jima'i tare da Iblis, yayin da Mutum ya yi iƙirarin yin jima'i ne da sarauniyar almara ta yankin.

## Shari'a da shaida
Mutumin ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya fara saduwa da sarauniyar a matsayin yaro, lokacin da a sakamakon alheri da ya yi mata, ta ba shi ikon warkarwa. Bayan sake saduwa da ita a matsayin babba, Man ya yi iƙirarin cewa biyun sun zama masoya. Mutum ya sami suna na zama mai warkarwa a tsakanin maƙwabtansu.

A lokacin shari'arsa, Mutum ya bayyana al'amuran da suka yi kama da tunanin zamani na Asabar na Witches, yin biki da rawa tare da rabin mutum, rabin mutum.

Imani na Scotland a cikin fairies da sauran halittu masu ban mamaki sun fassara su ta hanyar Inquisitors a matsayin shaida na ma'aurata tare da aljanu. Ikilisiya ta yi ɗan bambanci tsakanin nau'ikan sihiri daban-daban. Shari'o'in kotu a ƙarshen karni na 16 na Scotland sun rubuta shaidar da ake tuhuma suka bayyana ikonsu a matsayin almara kuma wasu sun yi iƙirarin suna da dangantaka ta dogon lokaci. A cewar Andrew Man ya haifi 'ya'ya tare da Fairy Queen a cikin ikirarinsa na 1598. [1]￼

## Manazarta
Helen Guthrie (wanda ake zargi da mafarauci)

**Helen Guthrie** (ta mutu a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1662) ita ce mace ta ƙarshe da ake zargi da kasancewa maƙaryaci da za a kashe a lokacin gwajin maƙaryacin Forfar a Forfar, Scotland . 

## Tarihin rayuwa

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1662, Guthrie, tare da 'yarta mai shekaru goma sha uku Janet da wasu mata 11 ciki har da Isobell Shyrie, an zarge su da maita kuma an gudanar da su a Forfar Tolbooth.  Daga baya aka maƙure Guthrie kuma aka ƙone shi da tar kafin a yanke masa hukunci kuma a kashe shi a cikin Playfield Forfar (wanda ke kan shafin Victoria Street na yanzu).  An saki Janet daga tsare a shekara ta 1666 bayan tashin hankali na Babban Masanin Scotland na 1661-62 ya ragu.

## Bikin Tunawa da Maƙaryaci
A shekara ta 2010, an sanya wani abin tunawa don tunawa da 22 da ake zargi da maƙaryaci da aka kashe a Forfar, gami da Guthrie. Abin tunawa wanda aka keɓe ga 'Forfar Witches' ya ƙunshi 22 dots, ɗaya ga kowane ɗayan matan da aka kashe.[1]￼

An sake sanya wani abin tunawa ga dukkan mayu 50 na gida da aka gano, a cikin Hall wanda aka gina a shafin Tollbooth inda aka yi yawancin kisa.

## Cibiyar Meffan
Gidan kayan gargajiya na Cibiyar Meffan a Forfar ya ƙunshi tafiya da nune-nunen al'amuran tarihi daga tarihin garin, gami da kisan Guthrie.

## Dubi kuma

* Jarabawar maƙaryaci a farkon zamani na Scotland

## Manazarta
Janet McNicol

**Janet McNicol** na ɗaya daga cikin Bute Witches, wanda aka kama a shekara ta 1662 ana zarginsa da maita. An tsare ta a kurkuku a tolbooth, Rothesay a tsibirin Bute a yammacin Scotland.

## Tserewa daga kurkuku da Bute
McNicol ya sami nasarar tserewa daga tolbooth a cikin 1662 kuma ya guje wa shari'a da kisa. Ta tsere zuwa Kilmarnock kuma ta koma Bute a shekara ta 1673 inda aka sake kama ta, a ɗaure ta kuma a yi mata shari'a.

## Shari'ar
Shari'ar McNicol ta fara ne a ranar 15 ga Oktoba 1673, kuma ta furta cewa Iblis ya bayyana mata a matsayin kutare kuma ta san su mugun ruhu ne. Ta yarda cewa ta sadu da maza biyu.

"ɗaya ya kasance mummunan mutum ne wanda ta san shi mummunan ruhu ne, ɗayan kuma saurayi ne da aka fi so".

A lokacin shari'arta, ba a rubuta wani azabtarwa ba.

### Yarjejeniyar Aljanu
McNicol ya yarda da yin Yarjejeniyar aljanu tare da shaidan ta hanyar samun adawa da baftisma kuma an sake masa suna Mary Lykeas . A lokacin wannan yarjejeniya ta amince ta zama bawan shaidan, ma'ana cewa za ta cika musu hidima kuma cewa Shaidan ya tabbatar da cewa ba za ta 'ba ta son komai' kuma za su samar mata da komai.[1]￼

### Taron maƙaryaci
A lokacin shari'arta, McNicol ta furta cewa ta halarci taron mayu a Bute Quay tare da wasu mutane kuma Iblis ya kasance. Ta ce a daya daga cikin wadannan tarurruka,

"ta fada cikin ruwa amma mutumin kirki ya fitar da ita. "

## Kashewa
An maƙure McNicol kuma an ƙone shi har ya mutu a kan gungume a Rothesay a ranar 15 ga Oktoba 1673.  An kashe ta tare da Mary McThomas, wanda kuma ake zargi da maita. Wadannan kisan gilla guda biyu sune shari'o'in karshe da aka rubuta na tsanantawar maƙaryaci a tsibirin.

## Manazarta
Jerin abubuwan Al'adu a Najeriya

Abubuwan gado na al'adu marasa taɓawa na Hukumar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al'adu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNESCO) sune al'adu da ayyukan da ba na zahiri ba da mutane ke yi. A matsayin wani ɓangare na gadon al'adu na ƙasa, sun haɗa da bukukuwa, bukukuwa, wasanni, al'adun baki, kiɗa, da yin sana'o'in hannu.  An bayyana "gadon al'adu marasa taɓawa" a cikin Yarjejeniyar Kare Gadon Al'adu marasa taɓawa, wanda aka tsara a 2003  kuma ya fara aiki a 2006.  Kwamitin Kula da Gadon Al'adu Masu Tasowa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, wata ƙungiya da aka kafa a taron, ya ƙayyade rubuta sabbin abubuwan gado a cikin Jerin Gadon Al'adu Masu Tasowa na UNESCO don karewa da kariyarsu. 

Najeriya ta amince da yarjejeniyar a ranar 21 ga Oktoba 2005.

## Gadon Al'adu Mara Tasiri na Bil Adama
 

### Jerin Wakilai

## Duba kuma

* Jerin Wuraren Tarihi na Duniya a Najeriya

## Bayanan kula

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Gadon Al'adu Mara Tasiri na UNESCO : Wurin Hukuma
* Gadon Al'adu Mara Tasiri na UNESCO a Najeriya : Shafin hukuma
Youssef Sabri Abu Taleb

**Youssef Sabri Abu Taleb Giad Al-Haq** (Arabic; Mayu 1929 - 29 Satumba 2008) ya kasance babban kwamandan Masar kuma Babban Kwamandan Sojojin.

## Ayyukan soja
Abu Taleb ya shiga yaƙe-yaƙe biyar daga yakin Falasdinu na 1948 har zuwa yakin Gulf . Ya kuma yi aiki a yaƙe-yaƙe na Masar da Isra'ila, kuma ya umarci bindigogi na Sojoji na Uku a Suez a yakin 1973, lokacin da sojojin Isra'ila suka kewaye birnin. Kuma, kamar wanda ya riga shi, ya kammala karatu daga makarantar soja ta Alkahira, sannan ya horar da shi a Amurka da Tarayyar Soviet kafin Shugaba Sadat ya rabu da Moscow a farkon shekarun 1970. Ya yi aiki a takaice a matsayin Mataimakin Ministan Tsaro a shekarar 1979.

## Ayyukan jama'a
Abu Taleb ya zama gwamnan Alkahira a shekarar 1983. Ya sami shahara a matsayin Gwamna na Alkahira saboda ci gaba a tsarin tarho, kokarin sauƙaƙe tarwatsawa da motsawa don tsaftace birnin. Ya kuma kasance Gwamnan Arewacin Sinai inda ya ba da gudummawa ga sake gina lardin bayan yakin.

A shekara ta 1989, shugaban kasar Hosni Mubarak ya nada Abu Taleb a matsayin ministan tsaro, inda ya maye gurbin Field Marshal Abd al-Halim Abu Ghazala . 

## Manazarta
Abdul Meniem Al-Toras

Abdul Meniem Al-Toras (Larabci: عبد المنعم التراس) tsohon Kwamandan Sojojin Tsaron Sama na Masar ne. Ya kammala karatunsa daga kwalejin Tsaron Sama a shekarar 1972, kuma ya halarci Yaƙin Yom Kippur. Shi ne babban kwamandan farko na Sojojin Tsaron Sama na Masar wanda ya kammala karatunsa daga Kwalejin Tsaron Sama kuma aka tura shi aiki a Rundunar Tsaron Sama a matsayin reshen soja da aka raba.

Dukkanin manyan kwamandojin da suka gabata sun kammala karatu a makarantar Sojoji kuma an ba su izini a cikin rundunonin Sojoji, a zahiri an ba da izini da yawa daga cikinsu a cikin wadanda ba AD ba kamar Armour, Artillery, Infantry, da Signals. Ya rike mafi yawan sanannun umarni a cikin Tsaron Sama na Masar.  A ranar 14 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2012 Shugaba Mohamed Morsi ya nada shi a matsayin sabon Kwamandan Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Tsaro ta Masar bayan ya kori Janar Abd El Aziz Seif-Eldeen. Shi memba ne na Majalisar Koli ta Sojoji, wanda aka sake tsara shi a watan Satumbar 2012. 

## Ilimi na soja

* Babban Darasi 
* Jagoran wuta na Brigades Course 
* Jagoran wuta na battalions Course 
* Babban Darasi na Ma'aikata 
* Darasi na Yakin, Fellowship na Kwalejin Yakin Sama, Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Soja ta Nasser 

## Kambu da kayan ado

* Medal na 'Yanci na Sinai 
* Medal na Tsawon Rayuwa da Misali 
* Kyautar Kyauta ta Musamman 
* Medal na horo 
* 
* Medal na Mayakan Oktoba 
* Ranar cika shekaru 20 da juyin juya halin Medal 
* Shekaru 50 na juyin juya halin Medal 
* Medal na Ranar Tsaro na Sama 
* Jubilee na azurfa na nasarar yaƙin Oktoba Medal 

## Manazarta
Jerin wuraren tarihi na duniya a Najeriya

Wuraren Tarihi na Duniya na Hukumar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al'adu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNESCO) wurare ne masu muhimmanci ga al'adun gargajiya ko na halitta kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin Yarjejeniyar Gado ta Duniya ta UNESCO, wadda aka kafa a 1972.  Gado na al'adu ya ƙunshi abubuwan tarihi (kamar ayyukan gine-gine, sassaka masu girma, ko rubuce-rubuce), ƙungiyoyin gine-gine, da wurare (gami da wuraren tarihi). Siffofin halitta (wanda ya ƙunshi tsarin jiki da na halitta), tsarin ƙasa da na yanayin ƙasa (gami da mazaunin nau'ikan dabbobi da tsire-tsire da ke fuskantar barazana), da wuraren halitta waɗanda suke da mahimmanci daga mahangar kimiyya, kiyayewa ko kyawun halitta, an bayyana su a matsayin gadon halitta.  Najeriya ta amince da yarjejeniyar a ranar 23 ga Oktoba 1974, wanda ya sa wuraren tarihi suka cancanci a haɗa su cikin jerin. Ya zuwa shekarar 2023, Najeriya tana da Wuraren Tarihi na Duniya guda biyu. Najeriya ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Gado na Duniya sau huɗu, 1976–1980, 2001–2005, 2007–2011, da 2019–2023. 

## Wuraren Tarihi na Duniya
UNESCO ta lissafa wurare a ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗa goma ; kowane shigarwa dole ne ya cika aƙalla ɗaya daga cikin sharuɗɗan. Sharuɗɗan i ta hanyar vi al'adu ne, kuma vii ta hanyar x na halitta ne.

## Jerin Gwaji
Baya ga wuraren da aka rubuta a cikin Jerin Gado na Duniya, ƙasashe membobin za su iya riƙe jerin wuraren da za su iya la'akari da su don zaɓe. Ana karɓar sunayen waɗanda za su shiga Jerin Gado na Duniya ne kawai idan an riga an jera wurin a cikin jerin waɗanda za a yi amfani da su a baya.   , Najeriya ta lissafa kadarori goma sha huɗu a cikin jerin gwanon ta na gwaji. 

## Nassoshi
Kungiyar Kwagalana

**Ƙungiyar Kwagalana** ƙungiya ce ta 'yan kasuwa da mata mafiya arziki a Uganda. Tare, ƙungiyar da Godfrey Kirumira ke jagoranta an kiyasta ta kai sama da dala biliyan UGX1,000/dala miliyan 272 a shekarar 2009.  An kafa ƙungiyar a shekarar 2002  ta hanyar gungun mutane masu kuɗi, amma tun daga lokacin membobinta sun girma har sun haɗa da 'yan kasuwa da dama kamar Sudhir Ruparelia na Ruparelia Group Joseph Magandaazi Yiga, Dr. Hamis Kiggundu na Ham Group  da wasu 'yan Uganda masu arziki da dama.   

## Taimakon jama'a
An san ƙungiyar Kwagalana da ayyukanta na taimakon jama'a daga membobinta. An san membobin ƙungiyar da bayar da gudummawa ga al'ummomi da ci gaban ƙasar ta hanyar kasuwanci da agaji. Musamman Sudhir Ruparelia tana da gidauniya ta amfanar da yara da mata da yawa.

A lokacin annobar COVID-19, ƙungiyar Kwagalana ta ba da gudummawar wata babbar mota kirar pickup ga ma'aikatar lafiya don taimakawa jigilar kayayyaki zuwa cibiyoyin lafiya daban-daban. Wannan ya biyo bayan kiran da Yoweri Museveni ya yi na bayar da gudummawa   Membobin sun kuma bayar da gudummawa ga wannan manufa. 

## Kasuwanci
Membobin Kwagalana Group suna da kasuwanci da dama a Uganda, ciki har da otal-otal, Kamfanonin Mai, Makarantu, Kamfanonin Gidaje da sauransu. Waɗannan sun haɗa da; Kamfanin Kirumira's Bargary Company Limited yana hulɗa da mai, da otal-otal na Sudhir, gidaje, makarantu da sauransu. Sauran membobin Kwagalana Group sun haɗa da Joseph Magandaazi Yiga, mamallakin Steel and Tube Industries  https://www.dispatch.ug/2021/02/15/pope-francis-knights-eight-ugandans-for-their-distinguished-services/ Dr Sarah Nkonge, wacce ke da manyan shaguna da dama a Kampala da Jinja. Ita ce kuma mace ta farko da aka naɗa a matsayin Magajin Garin Kampala.  Mr Ben Kavuya, Mallakar Gidaje   da Hamis Kiggundu, mamallakin Ham Group, da sauran membobi.

## Nassoshi
Harshen Kim

**Harshen Kim** na kudancin Chadi harshe ne na Mbum wanda mutane 15,000 ke magana da shi. Yana ɗaya daga cikin mambobi uku na ƙungiyar harsunan Kim, tare da Besme da Goundo .

A da an yi kuskuren sanya harshen a matsayin Chadic, kuma ana kiransa *Masa*, sunan Chadic.

Akwai bambancin harshe mai ƙarfi; Blench ya ɗauki Garap (Éré), Gerep (Djouman, Jumam), Kolop (Kilop, Kolobo), da Kosop (Kwasap, Kim) a matsayin harsuna daban-daban. 

## Mutanen Kim
Kabilar **Kim** mutane ne na ƙasar Chadi, waɗanda galibi suna zaune a ƙauyuka huɗu a yankin Mayo-Kebbi Est . Ƙidayar jama'a ta RGPH ta shekarar 1993 ta nuna cewa jimillar mutane 15,354 ne a ƙasar Chadi.

Manyan ayyukan tattalin arziƙi sun haɗa da noman gero, taro, da shinkafa, kamun kifi, da tukwane . &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

Galibi Kim Kiristoci ne (  ), amma da yawa daga cikinsu suna da'awar imaninsu na ƙabila (  .)

## Manazarta
Mohamed Abdel Hamid El-Shahat

**Lieutenant Janar Mohammed Elshahat** (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1941) jami'in soja ne na Masar da ya yi ritaya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin kwamandan Sojojin Tsaro na Masar daga watan Afrilu 1996 har zuwa 19 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2001. Ya gaji Ahmed Abou Talib a wannan rawar kuma Sami Hafez Anan ya biyo baya.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Elshahat a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 1941. Ya bi ilimin soja, yana gudanar da darussan tsaro na iska da yawa. Tsakanin 1969 da 1971, ya halarci Kwalejin Tsaro ta Govorov a Tarayyar Soviet, ya kammala karatun Kwamandan Tsaro na Air. Daga baya ya kammala karatun Air Defense Brigade Commander, karatun ma'aikata a Kwalejin Kwamandan da Ma'aikata, kuma ya sami digiri na tarayya daga Kwalejin Yakin Nasser Academy. Bugu da ƙari, ya kammala karatun Babban Kwamandan a Kwalejin Nasser .

Ayyukan soja na Elshahat ya fara ne a shekarar 1962, kusan kusan shekaru arba'in har zuwa lokacin da ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 2001. Matsayinsa na farko sun haɗa da kwamandan ZSU-23-2 da ZSU-23-4 daga 1962 zuwa 1966. Daga nan ya yi aiki a matsayin kwamandan batirin SA-2 tsakanin 1966 da 1969 kuma a matsayin na biyu a cikin kwamandan SA-2 da SA-3 daga 1969 zuwa 1973.

Bayan wadannan mukamai, an nada Elshahat a matsayin shugaban ayyukan da tsarawa na 4th Air Defense Missile Brigade (1973-1975), kwamandan rundunar SA-6 (1975-1976), da mataimakin darektan Makarantar Horar da Tsaro (1976-1980). Daga baya ya umurci 3rd Surface-to-Air Missile Brigade (1980-1984) kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in soja a Iraki (1984-1987). Matsayinsa na gaba sun hada da kwamandan 1st Surface-to-Air Missile Division (1987-1993) da kuma darektan ayyukan tsaro na iska (1993-1996).

## Manazarta
Bitowa

***Betoch***wani shirin barkwanci ne na iyali 'yan Habasha wanda Tilahun Gugsa ke jagoranta wanda ke nunawa a EBC (wanda a da ake kira ETV) tun daga shekarar 2013. Shirin yana fitowa kowace Asabar kuma yana mai da hankali kan dangin matsakaici da ke zaune a Addis Ababa . 

Ya sami karbuwa sosai a tsakanin jama'ar Habasha baki daya domin shi ne wasan barkwanci na farko da aka taba watsawa a kasar. 

## Gidaje
Hali Zeru (Tilahun Gugsa) uba ne wanda ke kula da dukkan iyalinsa daga matsalolin kuɗi da rikicin rayuwa, yana ƙoƙarin sanya iyalinsa cikin yanayi mai dacewa da ya zama dole ga rayuwarsu. Matarsa Azalu (Makda Haile) tana da ilimin shari'a, tana yi wa 'ya'yanta adalci. Suna zaune tare da 'ya'yansu huɗu: Meraf (Gelila Raesom), Bezabe (Fikadu Fasil), Erestae (Melat Tesfaye), da Yebekal (Ashenafi Mehalet). Duk da cewa shirin barkwanci ne, yana shafar batutuwa masu mahimmanci lokaci zuwa lokaci, kamar cin hanci da rashawa.

## 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo da haruffa

## Mutuwar Seble Tefera
Seble Tefera, wacce aka san ta da taka rawar "Terfe", kuma ta mutu a hatsarin mota yayin da take tafiya zuwa Bahir Dar tare da mijinta a bikin Sabuwar Shekarar Habasha . A cewar mijinta, hatsarin motar ya faru ne sakamakon shagalarsa da ya yi daga ƙarar rediyo yayin tuƙi, kuma ya faɗi cikin babbar mota da ke wurin a yankin da aka fi sani da Saris.  Seble ta mutu bayan isowarta asibiti awanni kaɗan, kuma an yi jana'izarta a Cocin Holy Trinity tare da mutane da danginta. *Betoch* ta dakatar da watsa shirye-shiryenta na tsawon watanni, 'yan wasan sun nuna ta'aziyyarsu, kuma sun tuna da ita ta hanyar sake maimaita shirye-shiryen da suka gabata.

## Manazarta
Harsunan Aroid

Harshen **Aroid** ko **Ari-Banna** (wani lokacin **Kudancin Omotic** ko **Somotic** ) wataƙila suna cikin dangin Afro-Asiatic kuma ana magana da su a Habasha .

## Rarrabawa ta waje
Rarraba Kudancin Omotic (wanda kuma ake kira Aroid) yana da matuƙar takaddama kuma yana iya zama dangin harshe daban. Wani lokaci ana ɗaukar Karo a matsayin yaren Hamer, amma Glottolog yana ɗaukarsa a matsayin yare daban wanda duka suna cikin ƙaramin iyali *na Hamer-Karo* .

Zaborski (1986)  da Lamberti (1993)  sun yi la'akari da Kudancin Omotic a matsayin wani reshe na daban na Cushitic, suna sake masa suna zuwa *Yammacin Cushitic* .

Bender (2000, 2003)   ya lura cewa Kudancin Omotic ya bambanta da sauran harsunan Afroasiatic, kuma yana nuna cewa a zahiri yana da alaƙa da Nilo-Saharan, kamar Surmic da Nilotic .

Enrico Cerulli ya gabatar da shawarar cewa harsunan Aroid na iya zama wani ɓangare na Nilotic .  Da yake ambaton kamanceceniya da Surmic da sauran harsunan Nilo-Saharan da ba Nilotic ba, Yigezu (2013)  ya yi jayayya cewa Aroid ( a.k.a. South Omotic) yana da "asalin Nilo-Saharan " kuma ya sami rinjaye sosai daga wasu ƙungiyoyin harsunan "Omotic". Tsarin wasalin Proto-Aroid shima yayi kama da na harsunan Surmic da Nilotic (Yigezu 2006, 2013). 

*Glottolog* 4.0 ba ta yarda cewa Kudancin Omotic na ɗaya daga cikin iyalan da ake takaddama a kansu ba, kuma ƙungiyar 'yan takarar harsunan Omotic (waɗanda suka haɗa harsunan Omotic na Arewa da Kudu) har yanzu ana jayayya a kansu. Saboda wannan dalili ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin iyali daban a yanzu.
 

## Lambobi
Kwatanta lambobi a cikin harsuna daban-daban: 

## Duba kuma

*  (Wiktionary)

## Manazarta
Dokar haramtacciyar Mata ta 1985

Dokar haramtacciyar kaciya ta mata ta 1985 (c. 38) Dokar da aka soke ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Ya sanya yankan mata laifi a duk faɗin Burtaniya, yana ba da izinin yanke hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru biyar. Wayland Young, Baron Kennet na biyu ne ya gabatar da shi ga House of Lords,  kuma ya wuce a ranar 16 ga Yuli 1985, ya fara aiki watanni biyu bayan haka. 

Babu wanda aka taba gurfanar da shi a karkashin Dokar, [1] amma an kori likitan likita daga cikin Medical Register a 1993 saboda ya yi aikin. [2] Dokar ta maye gurbin Dokar Yanke Jinin Mata ta 2003 a Ingila, Wales da Arewacin Ireland, da kuma Dokar haramtacciyar Yanke Jini ta Mata (Scotland) ta 2005 a Scotland, dukansu biyu suna tsawaita dokar don rufe ayyukan da 'yan Burtaniya suka aikata a waje da iyakokin Burtaniya, don haka ya zama laifi a dauki yarinya a kasashen waje don yin kaciya.￼

## Dubi kuma

* Yankewar jima'i na mata a Ƙasar Ingila

## Manazarta
Dokar Yara ta 1989 (Gwamma) (Jinin Mata) Dokar 2019

Dokar Yara ta 1989 (Gwamma) (Mutumin Yankewar Jima'i) Dokar 2019 (c. 10) Dokar Majalisar Dattijai ce ta Burtaniya wacce ta gyara Dokar Yara ta 1989, don canza tsarin aiki a karkashin Dokar Yankewar Mata ta 2003 a matsayin "aikin iyali".

## Tarihi
Zac Goldsmith, a cikin muhawara ta biyu a cikin House of Commons, ya bayyana dangane da shari'ar kotu ta yankan mata (FGM), "wannan a bayyane yake watsi da doka, kuma yana nufin cewa kotunanmu ba su da cikakken ikon da ake buƙata don kare 'yan mata da ke cikin haɗari. "

Gidan karatu na House of Commons ya lura cewa FGM ya kasance ba bisa ka'ida ba tun 1985 kuma an gabatar da Dokar Yanke Yanke Yanayi ta Mata ta baya-bayan nan a cikin 2003. Duk da haka babu wata tuhuma mai nasara ga FGM a Burtaniya.[1]￼

Keith Vaz, a lokacin Shugaban Kwamitin Zaɓin Harkokin Cikin Gida, "Yana da ban tsoro cewa shekaru 28 daga yankan mata da farko an yi musu laifi, har yanzu ba a sami nasarar gabatar da kara a Burtaniya ba. Binciken Kwamitin zai nemi gano dalilin da ya sa wannan lamarin yake, tare da la'akari da abin da ya fi bukatar a yi don kare 'yan mata masu haɗari. "

## Shirye-shiryen
Wannan Dokar ta yi aiki a karkashin Dokar Yanke Yanke Yanayi ta Mata ta 2003 don faruwa a Kotunan iyali a Ingila da Wales.

## Dubi kuma

* Yankewar jima'i na mata a Ƙasar Ingila
* Dokar Yankewar Jinin Mata ta 2003

## Manazarta
Kungiyar Ruparelia

**Rukunin Kamfanonin Ruparelia**, wanda aka fi sani da Ruparelia Group, kamfani ne mai zaman kansa a Uganda . Sudhir Ruparelia, wani attajiri ɗan kasuwa ɗan ƙasar Uganda, mai hannun jari ne a kowace kamfani a cikin Rukunin. 

A matsayinsa na matashi a Ingila, Sudhir Ruparelia ya yi nasarar kafa ƙananan kasuwanci da dama kafin ya koma Uganda a shekarun 1980 domin cin gajiyar inganta zaman lafiyar siyasa da kasuwanci. 

## Kamfanonin tallafi
Ya zuwa watan Yunin 2024, kamfanonin Ruparelia Group sun haɗa da amma ba'a iyakance ga waɗannan ba:

* Kamfanin Premier Recruitment Limited - Kampala 
* Ayyukan Gudanar da Cranes Limited - Kampala
* Delhi Public International School- Naguru, Kampala
* Kamfanin Inshora na Goldstar Limited - Kampala
* Kabira Country Club - Bukoto, Kampala
* Makarantar Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Kampala Uganda  
* Makarantar Iyaye ta Kampala
* Otal ɗin Kampala Speke - Kampala
* Meera Investments Limited - Kampala
* Munyonyo Commonwealth Resort - Munyonyo 
* Kamfanin Premier Roses Limited - Entebbe 
* Kamfanin Rosebud Limited - Entebbe 
* Sanyu FM 88.2 - Kampala
* Speke Apartments Limited - Kampala
* Cibiyar Taro da Gidan Abinci ta Speke - Munyonyo, Kampala
* Otal ɗin yawon buɗe ido na Kampala - Kampala
* Jami'ar Victoria Uganda - Kampala 
* Kamfanin Vcon Construction Uganda Limited 
* Kamfanin Premier Sand Limited
* Ƙungiyar tana da hannun jarin kasuwanci da gidaje a Rwanda, Sudan ta Kudu, Burtaniya, da Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa . 
* Pearl Business Park: A watan Yulin 2021, Kungiyar ta sanar da shirin kafa wani babban wurin shakatawa na kasuwanci a kan  wanda ƙungiyar ke da shi a birnin Kampala. Wurin shakatawa zai haɗa da babban kanti, otal mai tauraro biyar da kuma asibiti na zamani.  
* Arie Towers - Kampala; wani babban ofishi mai hawa 14, a unguwar Nakasero mai tsada a Kampala. 
* Cibiyar Taro ta Speke Resort - Munyonyo, Kampala. Wurin taron mai kujeru 4,400; wurin taron karo na 19 na Ƙungiyar 'Yan Tawaye Masu Zaman Kansu (NAM) da kuma taron koli na Kudanci na Uku na China (G-77)+, daga 15 zuwa 23 ga Janairu 2024. "Tarukan biyu sun karbi bakuncin wakilai sama da 5,000, ciki har da shugabannin jihohi da gwamnatoci 70, daga ƙasashe 120". 
* Gidan shakatawa na Paradise Island - Yana kan *tsibirin Paradise*, a kan tafkin Victoria, kimanin mintuna 20 ta jirgin ruwa daga Speke Resort Munyonyo. 

## Nassoshi
Matashi ne

Issobell Young (c.1565 - Fabrairu 1629) ta kasance matar wani manomi mai haya da ke zaune a ƙauyen East Barns a cikin Ikklisiya na Dunbar, Lothian, Scotland .  An gwada ta, an maƙure ta, kuma an ƙone ta a kan gungume a Edinburgh" id="mwDA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Castlehill, Edinburgh">Castle Hill, Edinburgh don yin maita.

## Tarihi
Issobell Young ya auri George Smith, mai shayarwa, wanda ya mamaye wani sashi na ƙasa don noma wanda yake wani ɓangare na mafi girma. Issobell ya sayar da amfanin gona, ya kula da dabbobi, ya haifi yara huɗu, kuma ya kula da gidan. Iyalin sun zauna a cikin babban gida wanda ya haɗa da ƙasa da dabbobi, suna daukar ma'aikata sama da goma sha biyar don taimakawa da noma da dabbobi.

Maƙwabtan Issobell sun zarge ta da sau da yawa nuna "alamu na magana kuma wani lokacin tashin hankali na jiki. " [1] Mazauna Gabashin Barns sun yi imanin cewa ta shiga maita don samun riba don samun matsayi mafi girma a cikin al'umma ta hanyar tura 'yan uwanta cikin masifa, fidda rai, da talauci. Ta ki amincewa da ikirarin, tana mai jaddada cewa ita "mace ce mai gaskiya," [1] kuma duk wani masifa da ya addabi maƙwabtanta ya kasance ne kawai daga aikinsu, rashin aiki, ko kuma Allah. Ta musanta yin maita kuma a maimakon haka ta yi iƙirarin cewa rikice-rikice tsakanin maƙwabtanta da kanta na yau da kullun ne.[2] Duk da haka, George Smith, mijinta, ya ba da shaida a kanta a shekara ta 1624 don "ƙoƙarin kashe shi da sihiri bayan ya yi jayayya game da baƙon gidan da ba shi da kyau".[3]￼

Bugu da ƙari, tarihin tarihi ya nuna cewa "makwabta arba'in da biyar da dangi, gami da mijinta, sun ba da shaida a kanta, suna ba da labarin da ya faru sama da shekaru arba'in. "  Mijinta ya ba da shaida game da ita; ɗanta ya kare ta. Duk da dagewarta kan kasancewa mace Kirista mai kyau, mai ɗabi'a wacce ba za ta cutar da maƙwabtanta ba, an same ta da laifi a kan tuhuma ɗaya kawai - maita.

An yanke mata hukuncin kisa a Castle Hill, Edinburgh, inda aka maƙure ta kuma aka ƙone ta a kan gungume (c. Fabrairu 1629). 

## Manazarta
Bessie Stivenson

An kashe **Bessie Stivenson** ko **Bessie Stevenson** (c.1610? zuwa 1659) saboda maita a Stirling, Scotland a karni na 17.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An gwada Bessie Stivenson a kan tuhumar da ta shafi maita a watan Maris na shekara ta 1659, tare da wasu mata biyu na Stirling, Magdalene Blair da Isobel Bennet, don amfani da sihiri don warkar da rashin lafiya.[1][2] [3] Ta kasance gwauruwa kuma ana zaton tana da shekaru 49 a lokacin shari'ar. [4]￼

Stivenson ya furta warkarwa da ayyuka a rijiyar gida (Wellgreen), amma ya musanta ta amfani da kalmomi. An same ta da laifi kuma an yanke mata hukuncin kisa. An maƙure ta kuma ƙone ta.

## Manazarta
Jikinta Dokokina

My Body My Rules fim ne na minti uku na 2015 wanda aka yi niyyar wayar da kan jama'a game da yankan mata (FGM) tsakanin yara masu tsufa a makarantar firamare a Burtaniya. An kirkiro fim din ne a matsayin taimakon gani don taimakawa wajen sauƙaƙe zaman kan FGM a makarantun firamare a Burtaniya da kuma amfani da masu sana'a da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da ke aiki tare da yara masu haɗari na FGM. Gidauniyar Lafiya ta Mata, Bincike da Ci gaba (FORWARD) da Fina-finai na Animage ne suka kirkireshi, kuma Daniel Greaves ne ya shirya shi, wanda ya lashe Kyautar Kwalejin.

My Body My Rules an daidaita shi daga wani ɗan gajeren fim na baya ta FORWARD da Animage akan batun FGM a Burtaniya, mai taken Needlecraft . Comic Relief da Sigrid Rausing Trust ne suka ba da kuɗin, kuma an yi niyya ne ga jama'a da masu sauraro, an ƙaddamar da Needlecraft a yanar gizo a watan Yunin 2015.[1] Ya lashe lambar zinare ta duniya a bukukuwan New York a shekarar 2016. An yi gajeren fim na uku, The True Story of Ghati and Rhobi, don Afirka.[2]￼

## Manazarta
Harshen Muher

**Muher** ( *Muxar* ) harshe ne na Semitic na Habasha wanda ke cikin ƙungiyar Gurage . Ana magana da shi a tsaunukan da ke arewacin Cheha da Ezhana Wolene a Habasha . Harshen yana da yaruka biyu, waɗanda aka sanya wa suna bayan sunan mutum na farko mai suna "Ni" da suke amfani da shi: Ana amfani da *əni* / *anä*, Adi yana amfani da *adi* / *ädi* (kamar harshen Soddo ). Wani lokaci ana rubuta harshen a cikin rubutun Larabci da aka gyara ( Ajam ) ko Amharic .   Yana da masu magana da kusan 90,000. 

## Ilimin sautuka

Matsayin sautin magana na tasha ta glottal ba shi da tabbas.  A wasu lokuta, /kʼ/ ko /kʷ/ na iya ragewa zuwa [ʔ] ko [ʔʷ], bi da bi, bayan murya.

Tsarin ma'anar Muher shine C(C)V(C)(C)

## Nahawu
Kamar yawancin harsunan Semitic, Muher yana da tushen fi'ili da sunaye masu kama da juna.

Sunaye na mutum suna maye gurbin batutuwa kuma suna aiki azaman ƙarin bayani akan sunayen.

Ana nuna tabbatacciyar ma'ana ta hanyar ƙarin bayani *-mu.*

Muher yana da tsarin lambar adadi . Matasan suna samuwa ta hanyar *аsrɑ̈-* tare da lambobi, yawanci suna gaba da - *m* .

### Fi'iloli
Tsarin kalmomin Muher shine SOV. Duk da haka, hujja da aka sani koyaushe dole ne ta riga wata sabuwar hujja, ba tare da la'akari da aikinsu ba. Babban haɗin kai yana bambanta tsakanin ɓangarorin cikakke da marasa cikawa. An yiwa batun da abu alama akan fi'ili. An raba alamun abu zuwa rukuni Haske da Nauyi. Alamun abu masu nauyi sune waɗanda ke faruwa tare da batutuwa marasa mutumtaka da jam'i. Alamun haske wasu ne. Alamun haske na iya bambanta dangane da ko ɓangaren cikakke ne ko kuma ba cikakke ba ne .

## Manazarta

### Ambato
Ibrahim El-Orabi

Ibrahim Abdul Ghafour Elorabi (Larabci: إبراهيم عبد الغفور العرابي, ararar); (20 Mayu 1931 - 18 ga Satumba 2019) ya kasance Babban Hafsan Hafsoshin Soja (Larabci na Masar: رئيس أركان حرب القوات المسلحة, romanized: Rayiys 'arkan harb alquaat almusalaha) daga 19873 zuwa 1987. 

Ibrahim Elorabi ya kasance kamar yadda Juyin juya halin Masar na 1952 ya bayyana. Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ayyukan Sojoji, Kwamandan Sojojin filin na biyu, Kwamandan 21st Armoured Division, Kwamandan sojojin Larabawa a cikin juyin juya halin 17 ga Yuli (Arabic: شەنگ 17 تموز,  inqilāb 17 Tammūz), kuma a matsayin Kwamandan Sojan Masar, wanda aka tura a yakin basasar Arewacin Yemen, wanda aka fi sani da juyin juya hali na 26 ga Satumba. 

A matsayinsa na Babban Jami'in Sojojin, Orabi shine na biyu a cikin kwamandan Sojojin Masar, bayan Ministan Tsaro da Shugaban kasa.

## Rayuwa ta farko

An haifi Orabi a Gharbia a shekarar 1931 a cikin iyali mai tasiri a siyasa. Dangin Ali Zaki El Orabi Pasha ne, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Ilimi na Jama'a da Ministan Sufuri da Sadarwa, haka kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Kakakin Majalisar Dokokin Masar daga 7 ga Mayu 1942 zuwa 19 ga Disamba 1944 sannan kuma daga 17 ga Yuni 1950 zuwa 10 ga Disamba 1952 a lokacin mulkin Sarki Farouk na ɗaya. Shi ma ɗan'uwan Nabil El Orabi ne, tsohon jakadan Masar a Tarayyar Rasha, kuma ɗan'uwa ne ga Mohamed Orabi, tsohon Ministan Harkokin Waje na Masar.

## Ilimi
Orabi ya sami digiri na farko na Kimiyya ta Soja daga Kwalejin Soja ta Masar a shekarar 1950, Jagora na Kimiyya daga Kwalecin Soja ta M. V. Frunze (Russian), da Jagora na Sayarwa daga Kwaleji na Kwamandoji da Ma'aikata. Ya kuma sami digirin digirgir na PhD a kimiyyar soja daga Kwalejin Soja don Nazarin Sakandare da Dabarun (Larabci na Masar), tsohon Kwalejin Tsaro ta Nasser (Larabcin Masar: أكاديمية ناصر للدام العسكرية, kuma ya kasance Fellow na Kwalejin Yakin Sama.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Yayinda yake aiki a matsayin mataimakin farko a 1952 yana da shekaru 21, Orabi ya auri Mrs. Laila Koura . Aure ya kasance shekaru 59 har zuwa mutuwarta a shekara ta 2011. Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya uku:

# Misis Khadija El Orabi
# Marigayi Rear Admiral Khaled El Orabi, tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar leken asiri ta Janar (Arabic) (ya mutu a 2011 yayin da yake yin Umrah) 
# Manjo Janar Tarek El Orabi, tsohon Mataimakin Darakta na Babban Sashin Lantarki (Arabic) 

## Mutuwa
Laftanar Janar Ibrahim El Orabi ya rasu a ranar Laraba, 18 ga Satumba, 2019, a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Sojojin Al-Gala da ke Heliopolis, Alkahira, yana da shekaru 88. An binne shi da cikakkiyar girmamawa ta soja a wani jana'iza mai cike da girmamawa wadda Shugaban Masar kuma Babban Kwamandan Sojojin Sama Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, manyan jami'an gwamnati, da iyalansa suka halarta.

## manazarta
Ezz El-Din Nasir

**Ezz El-Din Nasir** (ya mutu a ranar 5 ga Afrilu 1963) Mai dambe ne ɗan Masar . Ya yi gasa a gasar zakarun maza a gasar Olympics ta 1948 .  An kashe shi lokacin da aka harbe jirgin saman Sojojin Sama na Masar a lokacin yakin basasar Arewacin Yemen.

## Manazarta
Murad Muwafi

**Mourad Mouwafi** ko **Muwafi** (Arabic; an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Fabrairun 1950) ɗan siyasa Masar ne kuma babban janar. Mouwafi ya kuma kasance gwamnan Arewacin Sinai a lokacin tashin hankali na 2011 a yankin. An nada shi Darakta na leken asiri na Masar jim kadan kafin ƙarshen mulkin Mubarak.  Tsohon shugaban kasar Mohamed Morsi ya kore shi daga mukamin a ranar 8 ga watan Agusta 2012.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi

* Ya shiga makarantar sakandare ta Abbassia don masu nasara na musamman.
* Ya sami difloma na makarantar sakandare (Thanawia Amma) a shekarar 1968.
* Ya shiga Kwalejin Sojojin Masar, inda ya kammala karatu a shekarar 1970 (aji na 57).
* Ya shiga Sojojin Musamman na Masar (The Thunderbolt) kuma ya yi aiki na shekaru goma sha shida.
* Ya sami takardar shaidar ta musamman a cikin ayyuka na musamman da hawan duwatsu daga Faransa.

## Matsayi

# Ya shiga cikin Yakin Kashewa .
# Ya shiga cikin Yaƙin Oktoba 1973.
# Malami a cikin Sojoji na Musamman.
# Kwamandan Wing a Makarantar Sojoji ta Musamman.
# Kwamandan rundunar sojan ƙasa (1987-1989).
# Ya kasance na biyu ga ƙasar Larabawa na tsawon shekaru huɗu a cikin tsarin musayar ƙwarewar soja a lokacin Yakin Gulf .
# Kwamandan Brigade (1993-1995).
# Kwamandan ƙungiyar sojan ƙasa a Sojoji na Biyu (1998-2000).
# Daraktan Sashin leken asiri na Soja.
# Gwamnan Arewacin Sinai (Janairu 2010-Janairu 2011).
# Tsohon Shugaba Hosni Mubarak ne ya nada shi a matsayin Darakta na leken asiri na Masar a ranar 31 ga watan Janairun 2011 bayan da aka nada Darakta Omar Suleiman a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban kasa.

## Kyaututtuka

# Kayan ado na Jamhuriyar Masar na matakin na biyu
# Dokar Aikin Soja na matakin na biyu
# Medal na Tsawon Lokaci da Misali Mai Kyau
# Umurnin Aiki na matakin farko
# Medal na Kyau Mai Kyau
# Medal of Great Chevalier daga Shugaban Jamhuriyar Faransa

## Rayuwar iyali
Mourad Mouwafi ya yi aure a shekarar 1978 kuma ya haifi 'ya'ya uku. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Kashewa
A cikin shekara ta 2012, an kai hari ne daga wadanda ake zargi da Islama a kusa da iyakar Gaza-Isra'ila-Masar. Mouwafi ya bayyana cewa Janar Intelligence na Isra'ila ya ba da bayani ga dukkan hukumomin jihohi masu dacewa game da makircin kashe sabbin 'yan Masar 17 a lokacin watan Ramadan a lokacin cin abinci a Rafah na Masar.  A sakamakon haka, tsohon shugaban kasar Mohamed Morsi ya kore shi daga mukaminsa na Darakta na leken asiri a ranar 8 ga watan Agusta 2012. 

Moufawi ta shiga cikin shirye-shiryen kawancen zabe a lokacin Zaben majalisar dokokin Masar na 2015. An ruwaito cewa ya yi niyyar kafa jam'iyyarsa ta siyasa wacce za ta goyi bayan Abdel-Fattah al-Sisi idan ya lashe zaben. Daga baya, an fitar da Mouwafi a matsayin daya daga cikin sunayen da Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ke tallafawa don maye gurbin al-Sisi bisa ga takardar dabarun da aka ɓoye.

## manazarta
Ahmed Kandil

Ahmed Mohamed Hussain Kandil (Larabci: أحمد محمد حسين قنديل; 1923 ko 1924 - 10 ga Mayu 1950) ɗan wasan ninkaya ne na ƙasar Masar. Ya fafata a tseren mita 200 na maza na bugun ƙirji da kuma tseren mita 4 × 200 na maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1948 da aka gudanar a Landan, ƙasar Burtaniya.]Ya mutu a wani hatsarin jirgin sama a ranar 11 ga Mayu 1950 yayin da yake aiki tare da Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Masar lokacin da Spitfire ɗinsa ya yi karo da wani Spitfire a tsakiyar iska a kan Port Said.

## Manazarta
Magdy Hatata

**Magdy Hatata** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1941) jami'in soja ne na Masar wanda ya rike mukamai daban-daban a lokacin Shugabancin Hosni Mubarak .

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Hatata a shekara ta 1941.  Ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar soja da kuma haɗin gwiwar Kwalejin Yakin Sama ta Nasser.

Ya yi aiki a matsayin kwamandan rundunar soja ta biyu. Ya kuma jagoranci 'yan tsaron Jamhuriyar Republican a matsayin kwamandan na biyar na masu tsaron karkashin Mubarak .  Ya kasance daya daga cikin ma'aikatan soja da suka yi yaƙi da Isra'ila a 1973.

An ci gaba da Hatata zuwa matsayin janar janar. An nada shi shugaban ma'aikatan Sojojin Masar a ranar 31 ga Oktoba 1995 inda ya maye gurbin Salah Halabi a mukamin. Hatata ya rike mukamin har zuwa 31 ga Oktoba 2001 lokacin da aka nada Hamdy Wahiba a mukamin. A wannan shekarar ne Shugaba Hosni Mubarak ya nada Hatata a matsayin shugaban kungiyar Larabawa don masana'antu. Bayan barin ofishin Hatata ya koyar a Kwalejin Kwamandan Sojojin Masar da Janar Staff . 

A shekara ta 2011, an sanya shi a matsayin daya daga cikin 'yan takarar shugaban kasa. Koyaya, ya bayyana a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2011 cewa ba zai tsaya takarar ofishin ba.

## Manazarta
Maged George

**Maged George Elias Ghattas** (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1949) ɗan siyasan Masar ne mai asalin soja. Ya kasance Ministan Jiha na Harkokin Muhalli tun daga 14 ga Yulin 2004, da farko a matsayin wani ɓangare na majalisar Firayim Minista Ahmed Nazif .

## Ilimi
Ghattas ta kammala karatu tare da B.Sc. a cikin Injiniyan Injiniya na Injiniya daga Kwalejin Injiniya a Jami'ar Ain Shams a shekarar 1971. Ya shiga soja a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 1972, ya sami B.Sc. a cikin Kimiyya ta Soja daga Kwalejin Soja ta Masar a shekarar 1972.

## Ayyuka
Ghattas ya shiga cikin yakin 6th Oktoba da Isra'ila kuma ya ci gaba da aikinsa a cikin soja. Daga 6 ga Yuni 1996 zuwa 5 ga Yuli 1998, George ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in soja a Roma, Italiya. Daga Yuli 1998 zuwa 11 Disamba 1999 ya kasance Babban Janar na Ayyuka na Soja da Gudanar da Ayyuka a Misira. Daga 12 ga Disamba 1999 zuwa 20 ga Yuli 2002 ya kasance Daraktan Gudanar da Ayyukan Soja. Daga 21 ga Yulin 2002 zuwa 13 ga Yulin 2004 shi ne Babban Jami'in Injiniyan Sojoji.

A ranar 14 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2004 an nada shi Ministan Harkokin Muhalli. Duk da alakarsa da gwamnatin Mubarak, ya sami nasarar ci gaba da matsayinsa a majalisar ministocin Essam Sharaf bayan Juyin Juya Halin Masar na 2011. 

## Medals

* Medals na "Long Services" da "Perfect Misalin"
* Medal na "Kyakkyawan Ayyuka"
* Medal na biyu na Jamhuriyar Larabawa ta Masar
* The Order of Merit of the Grand Officer of the Italian Republic (Grande Ufficiale dell'Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana) daga H.E. Shugaban Jamhuriyar Italiya

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Ghattas Kirista ne na Coptic . 

## Manazarta
Osama El-Gendi

**Osama El-Gendi** (Arabic; an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1953) jami'in soja ne na Masar. 

Ya kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Sojan Ruwa a Alexandria a 1973 a lokacin da zai yi aiki a kan jirgin ruwa a matsayin jami'in jagorancin wuta a lokacin Yakin Yom Kippur kuma ya ga aiki a waje da ruwan yankin kusa da Damietta .  A ranar 14 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2012, Shugaba Mohamed Morsi ya nada shi a matsayin Kwamandan Sojan Ruwa na Masar bayan ya kori Mataimakin Admiral Mohab Mamish. Shi memba ne na Majalisar Dattijai ta Sojoji.

## Ilimi na soja

* Nazarin farko na Sojan Ruwa 
* Kyaftin din manyan teku, hanyar Agusta 
* Takamaiman darasi na jagoranci 
* MA na kimiyyar soja da karatun sojan ruwa, kwalejin kwamandan hadin gwiwa na Masar 
* Darasi na ma'aikatan yaki (Naval Specialization) 
* Gudanar da Rikicin / Darasi na Tattaunawa 
* Ci gaban Yakin - Kwalejin Soja ta Nasser 
* Ci gaba da Jagora masu daraja - Kwalejin Soja ta Nasser . 
* MA na sufuri na duniya, Kwalejin Larabawa don kimiyya da fasaha da sufuri na teku.

## Babban umarni

* Kwamandan rukuni a cikin Brigade na biyu Missile Frigates  1989-1993
* Kwamandan Brigade na Biyu na Jiragen Ruwa  1993-1997
* Shugaban Ayyuka na Rundunar Ruwa ta Red Sea  1997-2000
* Kwamandan Matrouh Naval Base  2000-2004
* Kwamandan Rundunar Sojan Ruwa  2004-2008
* Babban Kwamandan sansanin sojan ruwa na Alexandria da rundunar sojan ruwa ta Bahar Rum  2008-2011
* Shugaban Ayyukan Sojan Ruwa  2011-2012
* Shugaban ma'aikatan Sojan Ruwa na Masar  2012-

## kambu da kayan ado

* Medal na ranar 25 ga Afrilu 
* Medal of Military Duty, Class na biyu.
* Medal of Military Duty, First Class.
* Medal na Horarwa, aji na farko 
* Kyautar Kyautattun Ayyuka.
* Medal na Tsawon Rayuwa da Misali 
* Medal na Sojojin Ruwa na Masar.
* Medal na Jubilee na azurfa na 6 ga Oktoba nasarar 25th Anniversary 
* Medal na Jubilee na zinariya na 23 Yuli 50th Anniversary 
* Medal na Jubilee na azurfa na 25 ga Afrilu Anniversary 
* Janairu 25 Medal 

## Manazarta
Mohamed Abdel Ghani el-Gamasy

**Mohamed Abdel Ghani el-Gamasy** (Arabic, 9 ga Satumba 1921 - 7 ga Yuni 2003) ya kasance Marshal na Masar kuma tsohon ministan tsaro na Masar. An dauke shi daya daga cikin gine-ginen Yom Kippur War . 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi El Gamasy a ranar 9 ga Satumba 1921 a Batanoon, Gwamnatin Monufia, Misira . Yana daya daga cikin 'yan'uwa maza biyu da mata biyar. Bayan makarantar sakandare, El Gamassy ya shiga Kwalejin Sojan Masar kuma an ba shi izini a 1941 a matsayin jami'in leken asiri a cikin Cavalry (1st Cavalry Regiment) A matsayin Manjo, ya kasance GSO-II na ƙungiyar sojan doki a lokacin Yaƙin 1948.

## Yaƙin Oktoba
A lokacin Yakin Kashewa, a watan Maris na shekara ta 1969, Shugaba Gamal Abdel Nasser na lokacin ya nada el-Gamasy a matsayin kwamandan Sojojin Na Biyu. Naɗin nasa ya kasance wani ɓangare na aiwatar da fitar da tsohon kwamandan janar Abdel Hakim Amer mafi yawan masu goyon baya da ba su da ƙwarewa tare da kwamandoji masu iyawa, gami da Abdul Munim Riad, Saad el-Shazly da Ahmed Ismail. El-Gamasy daga baya ya rubuta cewa Nasser ya kamata ya rushe gidan yanar gizon Amer mai cin gashin kansa a cikin sojojin bayan gazawar sojojin Masar a lokacin Rikicin Suez a shekarar 1956. 

El-Gamasy sananne ne saboda kasancewa Babban Jami'in Dukkanin Sojojin Kasa da suka shiga cikin Yaƙin Oktoba na 1973. Anwar Sadat ya kuma nada shi a matsayin shugaban kungiyar da ta shiga cikin tattaunawar rabuwar a ranar 28 ga Oktoba, a "Kilometer 101". An ruwaito cewa, ya yi bakin ciki game da rayukan da suka ɓace a yaƙin lokacin da Sakataren Harkokin Waje na Amurka Henry Kissinger ya sanar da cewa shugaban kasar Sadat ya amince da janye babban bangare na sojojin Masar daga gefen gabas na Suez Canal don musayar janyewar sojojin Isra'ila daga gefen yammacin Suez Canal kuma komawa cikin zurfin Sinai.

## Manazarta
Jam'iyyar Adalci ta Dabbobi Aotearoa New Zealand

**Jam'iyyar Adalci ta Dabbobi ta Aotearoa [[New Zealand]]** (**AJP**) jam'iyyar siyasa ce mai rijista a New Zealand . Jam'iyyar tana ba da shawarar rashin tashin hankali ga dabbobi, dorewa, da kuma nisanta daga aikin gona na dabbobi.

## Tarihi
An kafa AJP ne bayan tattaunawa da Jam'iyyar Adalci ta Dabbobi a Ostiraliya, wanda kuma ya ba da izinin amfani da sunan. Manufofin asali na AJP sun kasance daidai da jam'iyyar Australiya, amma tun daga lokacin an sake su sosai kuma an faɗaɗa su don nuna New Zealand, da kuma ɗaukar al'amuran dabbobi, duniya da mutane. An yi rajistar AJPANZ a matsayin Ƙungiyar Ƙungiya a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 2022. A watan Mayu 2023 an baiwa jam'iyyar $ 66,332 a cikin tallafin watsa shirye-shirye don Babban zaben New Zealand na 2023, na wucin gadi bayan rajista. Jam'iyyar ta nemi rajista tare da Hukumar Zabe a ranar 31 ga Yulin 2023. An yi rajista a ranar 16 ga watan Agusta 2023.

## Siyasa da akidar
AJP ta ce sun yi imanin cewa duk dabbobi, ba tare da la'akari da siffarsu ba, sun cancanci 'yancin rayuwa da bunƙasa. Sun ce dabbobi a halin yanzu suna fuskantar mummunan yanayi, rashin isasshen yanayi da kuma cin zarafin da ke ba da fifiko ga bukatun ɗan adam fiye da hakkinsu da jin daɗinsu. Suna ba da shawara don canjin tsarin, gyare-gyare na tsari da kariya waɗanda ke ba da fifiko ga haƙƙoƙi da darajar rayuwar da ba ta ɗan adam ba.

### Muhalli da tattalin arziki
AJP na son canzawa zuwa tattalin arzikin tsire-tsire wanda ke girmama dabbobi masu hankali. Ya bayyana cewa Canjin yanayi yana daya daga cikin kalubale na gaggawa da muke fuskanta, kuma hakan ya haifar da hayakin gas mai guba daga konewar man fetur, lalacewar yanayin halittu da kuma noman dabbobi mai yawa. Yana kira ga mataki na gaggawa kan canjin yanayi da sauyawa zuwa tsarin Abinci na shuka.

### Aikin noma na laka
Aikin noma na laka, wanda aka fi sani da kiwo mai zurfi na hunturu, wani aiki ne da aka tsare a cikin hunturu zuwa wuraren ciyarwa na waje da aka dasa tare da amfanin gona na shekara-shekara. AJPANZ ya yi iƙirarin cewa yana haifar da mummunar lahani ga dabbobi da mahalli kuma ya kirkiro samfurin don aikawa da gabatarwar ga ministocin gwamnati da Magajin garin Southland, yana roƙon su da su bincika gonaki sosai don tabbatar da cewa ba su da aikin gona da kuma kafa Ministan Dabbobi don aiwatar da Dokokin jin dadin dabbobi.

## Manazarta
Ahmed Mansi

Colonel **Ahmed Mansy** (Arabic; 4 ga Oktoba, 1978 - 7 ga Yuli, 2017) shi ne kwamandan Sojojin Sa'ka na Masar (Sojoji na Musamman) Thunderbolt Battalion 103.

An haife shi a shekara ta 1978 a gundumar Minya al-Qamh a lardin al-Sharqiyya . Ya shiga Sojojin Sa'ka a cikin Nineties, nan da nan bayan kammala karatunsa daga Kwalejin Sojan Masar a shekarar 1998. Ya yi aiki na dogon lokaci a cikin Special Forces Task Force Unit 999, wanda shine mafi iko a cikin Sojojin Thunderbolt na Masar. A shekara ta 2001, ya shiga horo na farko na tawagar SEAL ta Masar sannan aka zaba shi don tafiya zuwa Amurka don shiga Amurka Navy SEALs Basic Underwater Demolition / SEAL (BUD / S) Class 258 a shekara ta 2006. 

Mansy ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar soja daga Kwalejin Kwamandan da Ma'aikata, kuma ya zama kwamandan 103rd Sa'ka (Thunderbolt) Sojoji a Sinai bayan mutuwar tsohon kwamandan battalion, Colonel Rami Hassanein, a watan Oktoba 2016. 

A shekara ta 2016, rundunar ta ba shi lambar yabo a watan Ramadan saboda kyakkyawan aikinsa da kuma horo na soja.

## Bayyanawa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai
Dan wasan kwaikwayo Amir Karara ya buga tarihin Kanar Ahmed Mansy a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin masu taken "The Choice", wanda aka fara a Ramadan 2020.   Jerin ya kasance nasara a titin Masar da Larabawa, tun lokacin da aka gabatar da shi a farkon watan Ramadan 2020, kuma abubuwan da suka faru sun shafi mutuwar jarumin sojojin Masar, Colonel Ahmed Mansy .   

Abubuwan da suka faru sun kuma rufe rayuwar ɗan ta'addan Hesham Ashmawy,  wani sanannen tsohon jami'in da ya jagoranci hare-haren ta'addanci da yawa a Misira kafin da kuma bayan tserewa zuwa Libya, inda aka kama shi, ya koma Misira kuma aka yanke masa hukuncin kisa. 

## Mutuwa
An kashe shi a cikin aiki tare da wasu mambobin rundunarsa da yawa a ranar Jumma'a, 7 ga Yuli, 2017, a wani mummunan hari na ta'addanci a wani kwanton bauna a kauyen al-Barth na Arewacin Sinai da ke tsakanin garin Rafah da garin Sheikh Zuweid a lokacin rikice-rikice tsakanin Sojojin Masar da mayakan Islama da ke da ke da alaƙa da ISIS  .

A cewar mai magana da yawun sojojin Masar Tamer el-Rifa'i, sojojin sun kewaye kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda kuma sun rushe hare-haren da suka yi niyya ga wasu wuraren dubawa a yankin Rafah a Arewacin Sinai.

## manazarta