Kumi Naidoo

**Kumi Naidoo** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1965, Durban, Afirka ta Kudu) ɗan Afirka ta Kudu ne mai rajin kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam kuma mai rajin kare muhalli.

Kumi Naidoo ya kasance Babban Daraktan Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Greenpeace International (daga 2009 zuwa 2016) da Sakatare Janar na Amnesty International (daga 2018 zuwa 2020).A watan Yuni shekara ta 2020  , shine Ambasadan Duniya na farko don African Afirka masu tasowa don Adalci, Zaman Lafiya & Mutunci.  Ya yi aiki a matsayin Farfesa na Kwarewa a Makarantar Thunderbird na Gudanar da Duniya a Jami'ar Jihar Arizona, da Mataimakin Baƙi a Jami'ar Oxford, da kuma Mataimakin Daraja a Kwalejin Magdalen .

Naidoo ya fara ne tun yana ɗan gwagwarmayar yaƙi da mulkin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu a cikin shekarun 1970s da 1980s. Shi ne mai haɗin gwiwar kafa Hannun Taimaka  kungiyar Matasa. Naidoo ya jagoranci kamfen na duniya don kawo ƙarshen talauci da kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a cikin matsayi daban-daban ciki har da kasancewa Babban Sakatare na Tara na Amnesty International .  har zuwa watan Disambar 2019 lokacin da ya yanke shawarar sauka daga mukaminsa saboda matsalolin da suka shafi lafiya. 

Kumi kuma shi ne shugaban Afirka na farko na kungiyar Greenpeace, wata kungiyar masu rajin kare muhalli ta duniya, wacce ta kasance a matsayin Babban Darakta na Kasa da Kasa daga shekarar 2009 zuwa 2015.   Ya yi aiki a matsayin Sakatare-Janar na Civicus, ƙawancen kasa da kasa don sa hannun dan kasa, daga 1998 zuwa 2008.  Kumi ya kuma zama Babban Daraktan Gudanarwa na African Afirka da ke Tashin Adalci, Zaman Lafiya & Mutunci  . Ya kuma yi aiki da Kira na Duniya don Aiki da Talauci da Kira na Duniya don Aikin Sauyin Yanayi ( Tcktcktck.org ), wanda ya hada taimakon agajin muhalli, kungiyoyin addini da na kare hakkin dan Adam, kungiyoyin kwadago, masana kimiyya da sauransu kuma ya shirya zanga-zangar gama gari game da tattaunawar yanayi. . 

## Kungiyoyi a Afirka ta Kudu
An haifeshi a Durban, Afirka ta Kudu, Naidoo ya tsunduma cikin ayyukan yaki da wariyar launin fata tun yana dan shekara 15, abinda ya sa aka kore shi daga makarantar sakandare.  Ya kasance cikin tsara unguwanni, aikin samari na gari, da kuma tarin jama'a da ke adawa da mulkin wariyar launin fata. A lokacin mulkin wariyar launin fata, an kama Naidoo sau da yawa kuma ana tuhumarsa da keta dokokin da suka shafi yawan jama'a, rashin biyayya ga jama'a da kuma keta dokar ta-baci . Wannan ya haifar masa da zuwa cikin ƙasa kafin daga baya ya yanke shawarar zama baƙi a Ingila.

Ya dakatar da karatunsa a Oxford don komawa Afirka ta Kudu a 1990 domin gudanar da kamfen na karatu bayan sakin Nelson Mandela daga kurkuku da shawarar da Mandela ya yanke na tsayawa takarar shugaban Afirka ta Kudu. Naidoo, kamar yawancin Indiyawa masu asalin Afirka ta Kudu, ya nuna kansa a matsayin Baƙin Afirka ta Kudu . Ya lura cewa kammala karatun digirin digirgir na da matukar mahimmanci ganin cewa an gaya masa cewa "shi ne dan Indiya na farko mai fafutuka" daga Afirka ta Kudu da ya samu digiri na uku a Oxford . 

Naidoo shine memba na kafa kuma Babban Darakta na kungiyar NGO Masu Zaman Kansu na Afirka ta Kudu (SANGOCO).

## Shekarun Gudun Hijira
A lokacin mulkin wariyar launin fata, an kama Naidoo sau da yawa kuma ana tuhumarsa da keta doka game da yawan taro, rashin biyayya jama'a da kuma keta dokar ta baci .

Wannan ya haifar masa da zuwa cikin ƙasa kafin daga baya ya yanke shawarar yin ƙaura, ya ƙare da lokaci a Ingila da Amurka.

A wannan lokacin Naidoo ya kasance malamin Rhodes ne a Jami'ar Oxford kuma a ƙarshe ya sami PhD a fannin ilimin zamantakewar siyasa .

Naidoo ya sami digirin digirgir a ƙarshen 1990s, bayan ya koma Ingila daga Afirka ta Kudu.

## Kungiyoyi sa kai
Yaki da Wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu (lokacin da za a kayyade)

Bayan fitowar Nelson Mandela daga kurkuku a 1990, Kumi Naidoo ya koma Afirka ta Kudu don aiki a kan halatta Majalisar Dokokin Afirka da kuma jagorantar kamfen din karatun manya da kokarin ilimantar da masu jefa kuri'a.

Ya kuma yi aiki da Kira na Duniya don Yaki da Talauci

Kira na Duniya game da Ayyukan Yanayi ( Tcktcktck.org ), wanda ya hada taimakon agajin muhalli, kungiyoyin addini da na kare hakkin dan adam, kungiyoyin kwadago, masana kimiyya da sauransu kuma ya shirya manyan zanga-zanga game da tattaunawar yanayi. 

Tsakanin 2015 da 2018, Kumi ya kasance Babban Daraktan Gudanar da ansan Afirka da ke Tashin Adalci, Zaman Lafiya & Mutunci 

EarthRights International, Memba na Majalisar Shugabanci 

Transparency International, Memba ce a Majalisar Shawara 

kungiyar 'Yancin Mata da Ci Gaban (AWID), Memba a Hukuma

## Kungiyar Jama'a ta Duniya

### Lokacin CIVICUS
Daga 1998 zuwa 2008, ya kasance Sakatare Janar kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa na fararen hula a Washington wanda aka kafa a Washington: Kawancen Duniya don Shiga Kasa, wanda aka keɓe don ƙarfafa ayyukan ɗan ƙasa da ƙungiyoyin jama'a a duk duniya.

A wannan lokacin, Kumi ya zama shugaba kafa kungiyar  Duniya don Kira da yaki da talauci wato (Global Call to Action Against poverty).

### Lokacin Greenpeace
Kumi Naidoo ya shiga Greenpeace a cikin 2009. 'Yarsa Naomi ta lallashe shi ya ɗauki matsayin. Jajircewar Greenpeace don aiwatar da aiki kai tsaye da rashin biyayya ga jama'a shine ya jawo Naidoo ga ƙungiyar. Naidoo ya ga matsayinsa a matsayin babban darakta na Greenpeace a matsayin na maginin haɗin gwiwa kuma wakilin canji. Abu mai mahimmanci, Naidoo ya ga haɗakar haɗin kai tsakanin adalci na muhalli, haƙƙin mata da na ɗan adam kamar yadda suke haɗewa, wani lokaci yakan kawo masa zargi mai yawa daga istsan asalin yankin da aka haife su da ke kula da muhalli a matsayin sanadi na musamman.  

Naidoo ya tsunduma cikin ayyukan rashin biyayya cikin lumana a yankin Arctic Ocean akan shirin Shell da Gazprom na haƙawa a cikin kankara mai narkewar Arctic. A watan Agusta 2012, Naidoo tare da ƙungiyar masu aikin sa kai na Greenpeace sun mamaye dandalin mai na Gazprom na Prirazlomnaya a cikin Tekun Pechora na tsawon awanni 15, a karo na biyu a cikin Arctic.  Shekara guda kafin haka, a cikin watan Yunin 2011, Naidoo ya shafe kwanaki huɗu a kurkukun Greenlandic bayan ƙaddamar da wani dandamali na mai mallakar Cairn Energy, a zaman wani ɓangare na kamfen ɗin "Go Beyond Oil" na Greenpeace. An tasa keyarsa zuwa kasar Denmark inda ya dauki wani dan lokaci a tsare a hannun Danish kafin a sake shi a Amsterdam, Netherlands. 

Ya kasance mai yawan sukar gazawar hukumomi kamar Taron Tattalin Arzikin Duniya,  ya wuce "dawo da tsarin", "kariyar tsarin da kiyayewa" a maimakon haka ya ba da shawarar a sake tsara tsarin. Kumi Naidoo yayi amfani da WEF don fadada saƙonnin muhalli ga shugabannin kasuwanci da siyasa da kuma zazzaɓi don ayyukan koren kore da sauye sauye a ɓangaren makamashi.  Yayin taron Tattalin Arzikin Duniya a 2013, yayin da Kumi Naidoo ke goga kafada da manyan masu hannu da shuni a duniya,  fafutuka na Greenpeace suna tsare wani gidan mai na Shell da ke wajen  shakatawa na tsaunin Switzerland suna neman cewa babban kamfanin mai ya sauke burinta na hako mai a ciki. da Arctic.  Naidoo yana halartar tattaunawar sauyin yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a kai a kai kuma yana ba da shawara don haɓaka buri daga gwamnatoci don fitar da hayaki da kuma himma zuwa ga bangaren makamashi bisa tushen sabuntawa da ake nufi don taimakawa ɗan adam guje wa bala'in canjin yanayi. 

A shekarar 2015 Naidoo ya ba da sanarwar cewa zai bar mukamin Babban Daraktan Kasa da Kasa a tsakiyar wa'adinsa na biyu.  Da yake sanar da barin sa aikin IED ya ce; "Lokacin da na tashi, Ina fatan na shiga wani mahimmin matsayi tare da Greenpeace: a matsayin mai aikin sa kai."  Naidoo ya koma Afirka ta Kudu don mayar da hankali kan aikinsa a kan adalci na makamashi. Murabus din Naidoo ya zo jim kadan bayan ya bayyana cewa kungiyar na fama da matsalar kasafin kudi. A shekarar 2014 wani daftarin aiki da aka bankado ya nuna cewa ma'aikaci ya yi asarar miliyan £3m a cikin kudin masu bayarwa a kasuwar canjin kudaden waje ta hanyar yin kuskure bisa kuskure kan euro yayin da sashen kudi na Greenpeace ya fuskanci wasu matsaloli daban daban saboda rashin tsari.  Karin bayanan ya nuna cewa wannan misali daya ne kacal na yadda kungiyar ba ta kula da kudaden ta yadda ya kamata tare da yin watsi da mutuncin ta. An kuma bayyana cewa, daraktan shirye-shiryen Greenpeace na kasa da kasa Pascal Husting yana zirga-zirga a kai a kai ta jirgin sama tsakanin gidansa da ke Luxembourg zuwa ofisoshin kungiyar a Amsterdam. Wasikar ma’aikata 40 daga Greenpeace Netherlands  tayi kira ga Husting da yayi murabus. Ba da daɗewa ba ma'aikatan Greenpeace International suka haɗu da takwarorinsu suna buƙatar Babban Darakta Kumi Naidoo shima ya yi murabus. 

### Lokacin Amnesty na Duniya
A ranar 21 ga Disamba 2017, Amnesty International ta nada Kumi Naidoo a matsayin Sakatare Janar na gaba. A watan Agustan 2018 Kumi ya gaji Salil Shetty, wanda ya yi wa'adi biyu a Amnesty International a matsayin Sakatare-Janar daga 2010. Sakatare Janar din shi ne shugaba kuma babban mai magana da yawun kungiyar ta Amnesty International kuma shi ne Babban Jami’in Sakatariyar ta Duniya. Kumi ya fara aikinsa a Amnesty tare da buɗa baki daga Afirka. 

A cikin 2019 Amnesty International ta yarda da rami a cikin kasafin kudinta na kusan £ 17m a cikin kuɗin masu bayarwa zuwa ƙarshen 2020. Domin magance matsalar kasafin kudi Kumi Naidoo ya sanar wa ma’aikatan cewa hedikwatar kungiyar za ta datse ayyuka kusan 100 a matsayin wani bangare na sake tsarin cikin gaggawa. Unite Union, babbar kungiyar kwadago ta Burtaniya, ta ce an rage yawan ma'aikatan ne sakamakon "sama da fadi da kudin da kungiyar manyan shugabannin kungiyar ke yi" kuma hakan ya faru "duk da karuwar kudaden shiga". 

Rikicin na Amnesty International ya fito fili ne a cikin 2018 lokacin da  Gaëtan Mootoo, 65, mai bincike na shekaru talatin, ya mutu ta hanyar kashe kansa a ofishin Amnesty na Paris, yana barin wata sanarwa da ke zargin matsin lamba na aiki da rashin tallafi daga gudanarwa. Wani bita ya gano rokon Mootoo na neman taimako an yi watsi da shi.  A cewar tsohon mai ba da hadin gwiwar Mootoo, Salvatore Saguès, “Shari’ar Galytan ita ce kawai karshen dusar kankara a Amnesty. Ana wahala mai yawa ga ma'aikata. Tun zamanin Salil Shetty, lokacin da ake biyan manyan ma’aikata albashi mai tsoka, Amnesty ta zama ta kasashe da yawa inda ake ganin ma’aikata ba sa iya biya. Gudanar da albarkatun mutane bala'i ne kuma babu wanda ya shirya tsayayye don a kirga shi. Matakin rashin hukunta shugabannin Amnesty ba abin yarda ba ne. ”  Bayan babu daya daga cikin manajojin Amnesty da aka zarga da rashin kyakkyawan yanayin aiki da sakatariyar kasa da kasa ta Amnesty, wasu gungun ma'aikata sun nemi takardar murabus din Naidoo. A ranar 5 ga Disamba, 2019 Naidoo ya yi murabus daga Amnesty International saboda rashin lafiya. Naidoo ya ce, "Yanzu fiye da kowane lokaci, kungiyar na bukatar sakatare janar wanda ke iya gwagwarmaya kuma zai iya gani ta hanyar aikin da aka ba ta da karfin gwiwa cewa wannan rawar, wannan cibiya, da kuma manufar 'yancin dan adam ta duniya sun cancanci." . 

## Girmamawa da Kyaututtuka
Kumi Naidoo ya sami lambar yabo ta girmamawa ta:

Jami'ar Johannesburg a cikin 2019 

Jami'ar Fasaha ta Durban a shekarar 2017 

Jami'ar Nelson Mandela a 2012

Kyautar James Lawson don gwagwarmayar lumana a cikin (2014) 

An zabi Kumi a matsayin ɗayan 21 ICONS Afirka ta Kudu: Girmama gadon Nelson Mandela (2013) 

## Jerin zaɓaɓɓun bayanan Audio-Visual
Jerin rikodin da aka zaba wanda ke fayyace wasu daga cikin mahimman lokutan aikin kungiyar farar hula ta duniya Kumi Naidoo.

A cikin wannan Nuwamba Nuwamba 2014 rikodin, Kumi Naidoo yayi magana game da Biliyan Ayyuka na ƙarfin zuciya

Kumi yayi magana game da kisan abokinsa kuma abokin aikinsa, Lenny Naidu

Kumi ya tattauna da Turanci na Al Jazeera: Shin Amnesty International za ta iya gyara al'adunta na aiki mai guba?

## Bayani
 

## Haɗin waje

* Annie Kelly ta yi hira da mai fafutukar adalci na zamantakewa Kumi Naidoo (Guardian)
* Kumi Naidoo na Greenpeace a kan Kyautar Zaman Lafiya ta Obama, Yaƙin Obama, Copenhagen da Biyan Yanayi - rahoton bidiyo na *Dimokuradiyya Yanzu!*
* Kumi Naidoo na Greenpeace a kan Canjin Yanayi da Yakin, Darussan daga Yakin Yaki da wariyar launin fata - rahoton bidiyo na *Dimokuradiyya Yanzu!*
* Naidoo: Yunkurin Adalci na Yanayi Dole ne ya Ƙarfafa Kokarinsu Kafin 2011 Tattaunawar Yanayi a Afirka ta Kudu
* ''Abubuwa a cikin FBI da Pentagon suna la'akari da canjin yanayi babbar barazana ga zaman lafiya a duniya'', Kumi Naidoo's Interview with OneWorld South Asia'''Tattaunawar Kumi Naidoo tare da OneWorld Kudancin Asiya'''