Chip Skowron

**Joseph F. "Chip" Skowron III** (kimanin 1968)  tsohon manajan asusun haɗin gwiwa ne na asusun inshorar lafiya na FrontPoint Partners LLC. An same shi da laifin ciniki na cikin gida, wanda ya yi shekaru biyar a gidan yari. An kuma buƙaci ya biya ma'aikacin asusun inshorar inshorar dala miliyan 32 da ya biya shi a matsayin diyya, saboda ya kasance " bawa mara aminci ."

## Farko da rayuwar mutum
An haifi Skowron kuma ya girma a Cocoa, Florida, kuma ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Cocoa .  Ya sami digirinsa na farko daga Jami'ar Vanderbilt a shekarar 1990.  

Daga nan ya halarci Makarantar Likitanci ta Jami'ar Yale kuma ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1998 da digirin likitanci, sannan daga Makarantar Digiri ta Yale da digirin digirgir a fannin ilmin halittar kwayoyin halitta .    Skowron ya yi shekaru uku a fannin kula da kashin baya a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Beth Israel Deaconess, daya daga cikin asibitocin koyarwa na Makarantar Likitanci ta Harvard, ya bar aiki a shekarar 2001 kafin ya kammala aikin.    Ya buga takardu da dama na likitanci, ciki har da "Cloning da siffanta goga na linzamin kwamfuta da ke kan gaba a cikin hanjin manya da jarirai."   Ya kasance memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na Americares, wata kungiyar agaji ta agaji da kiwon lafiya ta duniya.  

Skowron yana zaune a Greenwich, Connecticut .   Yana da mata, Cheryl, da 'ya'ya mata biyu da maza biyu.  

## Aikin asusun hedge
Bayan ya bar wurin zama, Skowron ya yi aiki a matsayin mai sharhi kan harkokin kiwon lafiya a SAC Capital Management da ke Stamford, Connecticut, sannan kuma a Millennium Partners da ke New York, na tsawon kasa da shekara guda a kowanne.     

Daga nan Skowron ya zama manajan haɗin gwiwa na asusun inshorar lafiya na FrontPoint Partners LLC da ke Greenwich, Connecticut .    Ya shiga FrontPoint a shekara ta 2003, tare da kafa ƙungiyar kula da lafiya kuma ya karɓi muƙamin manajan darakta a Morgan Stanley, mamallakinta, wanda ya sayi kamfanin kan dala miliyan 400 a shekara ta 2006.     An biya shi wani ɓangare bisa ga aikin kuɗin da ya gudanar, inda ya sami dala miliyan 13.5 a shekara ta 2007 da kuma dala miliyan 7 a shekara ta 2008. 

## Cinikin cikin gida
A watan Afrilun 2011, FBI ta kama shi.  Lauyan Amurka na Gundumar Kudancin New York ya tuhumi Skowron da zamba ta hannun kamfanoni da kuma makircin kawo cikas ga shari'a .  A cewar bayanan kotu, ya kuma yi wa mai aikinsa karya game da harkokin kasuwancinsa na cikin gida, kuma ya yi karya a karkashin rantsuwa ga Hukumar Tsaro da Musayar Kudi .  An sake shi bisa lamunin dala miliyan 6. 

A cewar gwamnati, Skowron ya sayar da hannun jarin Human Genome Sciences Inc. a shekarar 2007 da 2008 bayan da wani mai ba kamfanin shawara ya sanar da shi cewa kamfanin zai yi sanarwar da ba ta dace ba game da gwajin da aka yi masa na maganin Albumin Interferon Alfa 2-a, wani magani da zai iya magance cutar hepatitis-C, kafin a yi sanarwar.     Sakamakon haka, asusun FrontPoint ya sami damar guje wa asarar dala miliyan 30, a cewar gwamnati.   

Da farko Skowron ya musanta tuhumar da ake yi masa, kuma lauyan da ke kare shi ya ce zai amsa laifinsa, yana mai cewa "Muna fatan amsa cikakken bayani kan zarge-zargen a kotu a lokacin da ya dace".    Duk da haka, bayan da likitan da ake tuhuma da laifin tuhume shi ya amsa laifinsa, ya canza matsayinsa, ya kuma amsa laifinsa. 

Lauyan Amurka ya tuhumi mai ba da shawara da laifin bayar da bayanai kan Skowron, bayanai marasa tushe game da gwajin asibiti na kamfanin magunguna na Human Genome Science.    Mai ba da shawara ya amince ya amsa laifinsa kan wasu bayanai na laifuka guda hudu, kuma ya amince ya yi aiki tare da binciken gwamnati. 

A watan Agusta na 2011, Skowron ya amsa laifinsa a kotun tarayya da ke Manhattan bisa laifin hada baki wajen shiga harkar kasuwanci ta cikin gida da kuma toshe hanyar shari'a.   Preet Bharara, Lauyan Amurka na Gundumar Kudancin New York, ya ce: "Chip Skowron shine sabon misali na manajan fayil wanda ke son biyan bayanan mallakar kamfani, wadanda ba na jama'a ba, wanda ya ba shi damar yin ciniki ba bisa ka'ida ba fiye da matsakaicin mai zuba jari. Mutanen da ke shiga harkar kasuwanci ta cikin gida sun lalace..."  An tura Skowron gidan yari na tsawon shekaru biyar.    > Matar Skowron ta roki alkalin ya yi masa sassauci, tana mai cewa mijinta bai san yana yin wani abu da zai iya sa a kai shi gidan yari ba.  Skowron ya kuma amince ya mika dala miliyan 5 ga gwamnati tare da biyan tarar SEC miliyan 2.7.   Alkalin, yana mai lura da cewa "tsammanin Morgan Stanley shine Skowron zai bi manufofin" da "hana cinikin cikin gida," ya kuma umarce shi da ya biya Morgan Stanley diyya saboda kuɗaɗen shari'a ($3.8 miliyan), da kuma kashi 20% na diyyarsa a lokacin makircin daga 2007 zuwa 2010 ($6.4 miliyan).     An amince da kyaututtukan ne bayan daukaka kara.  

An yanke wa Skowron hukuncin daurin shekaru biyar a gidan yari na tarayya a sansanin fursunonin tarayya na Schuylkill da ke Minersville, Pennsylvania a watan Nuwamban 2011.       An sake shi a shekarar 2017, bisa ga umarnin shekaru uku na sakin sa.       An hana shi yin aiki a masana'antar tsaro. 

Masu zuba jari a cibiyoyi sun cire dala biliyan 3 nan take daga FrontPoint, wanda har zuwa wannan lokacin yana da kadarori na dala biliyan 7 a ƙarƙashin gudanarwa kuma a baya yana da dala biliyan 11 a ƙarƙashin gudanarwa, wanda ya sa aka rufe shi a watan Mayu na 2011, bayan kama Skowron.    

Daga baya Skowron ya ce: "Mutane sama da 200 sun rasa ayyukansu saboda ni. Matata da 'ya'yana sun fuskanci kunya, kaɗaici, da rashin zuwa saboda zaɓin da na yi saboda daular da na yi tunanin ina buƙatar ginawa." Ƙungiyarsa ta ƙasar ta kore shi.

FrontPoint, wanda aka cire daga Morgan Stanley, ya jaddada cewa ba a tuhumi Asusun Kula da Lafiya na FrontPoint da laifin keta dokokin tsaro ba, kuma Skowron ya karya manufofin bin ƙa'ida da Dokar Ɗabi'a ta FrontPoint. An ambaci Asusun Kula da Lafiya na FrontPoint a matsayin waɗanda ake tuhuma kawai, kuma sun amince su biya kuɗin rage darajar kuɗi tare da ribar da aka yanke wa SEC saboda asarar da aka yi zargin an kauce mata, kuma sun biya SEC dala miliyan 33 a cikin wani matakin aiwatarwa.

## Shari'ar bawa mara imani
Morgan Stanley ya shigar da ƙara daban a watan Oktoban 2012 yana neman dala miliyan 33 da ya biya SEC, da kuma dukkan dala miliyan 32 da ya biya Skowron a matsayin diyya daga 2007 zuwa 2010.   A cikin ƙarar da ya shigar, Morgan Stanley ya kira Skowron " bawa mara imani " wanda ya yi ƙarya akai-akai cewa Morgan Stanley zai ci gaba da biyansa da kuma guje wa lalata sunansa.  A. Jeff Ifrah, marubucin *Federal Sentencing for Business Crimes*, ya ce: "Sunan ma'aikaci kamar wannan na iya kashe shi ta hanyar halayen ma'aikacinsa," kuma neman diyya "hakika dabara ce mai kyau" don dawo da kyakkyawan suna na kamfani. 

A watan Disamba na 2013, Alkali Shira Scheindlin ta Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta Gundumar Kudancin New York ta yanke hukunci kan wani kudiri na yanke hukunci na takaitaccen lokaci cewa dole ne Skowron ya rasa dala miliyan 31—kashi 100% na diyya da ya samu daga kamfanin tsakanin 2007 da 2010—ga ma'aikacinsa, Morgan Stanley.     Alkalin ya yi amfani da ka'idar shari'a ta "bawa mara imani" don tilasta wa Skowron ya mayar da ribar da ya samu ta hanyar amfani da bayanan sirri ga ma'aikacinsa, saboda ya shiga harkar kasuwanci ta cikin gida, wanda ya saba wa ka'idar ɗabi'ar kamfanin, kuma ya kasa bayar da rahoton cinikinsa na cikin gida ga kamfanin.    Alkalin ya ce cinikin cikin gida "abin da ya fi cin zarafin matsayin manajan fayil."  Ta kara da cewa: "Baya ga fallasa Morgan Stanley ga binciken gwamnati ga asarar kuɗi da kuma kai tsaye, halayen Skowron sun lalata sunan kamfanin, kadarar kamfani mai mahimmanci." 

## Manazarta