Marguerite Coppin

**Marguerite Aimee Rosine Coppin** (2 ga Fabrairu 1867 - 1947) an haife ta ne a Brussels, marubuciya ce kuma mawakiyar Belgium. Ta zama mai fafutukar mata kuma ta zama majagaba a cikin 'yancin mata da daidaito ga mata.  An kwatanta ta da masu fafutukar kare hakkin mata Amelia Bloomer da Emmeline Pankhurst.

## Rayuwa ta farko
Coppin 'yar Charles-Henri Coppin ce, ɗan kasuwa a cikin lace, an haife ta a Wijtschate (West-Flanders) da kuma Marie Lehaut, an haifa ta kusa da Lille 

Coppin ta yi karatu a karkashin Isabelle Gatti na Gamond kuma ta bi malaminta cikin gwagwarmaya

Ta zama malama kuma a cikin 1891 ta ba da hidimarta ga dangin masu arziki a Austria. Bayan haka, ta zo ta zauna a Bruges tare da mahaifiyarta inda suka zauna har sai barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na I shekara ta 1914. Ta koyar da Faransanci ga mazaunan Ingilishi.

An buga litattafanta na farko ba tare da an san su ba. Na farko, Initiation, an buga shi a matsayin labari a cikin La Revue de Belgique, takarda mai sassaucin ra'ayi, wanda Freemasonry da tunani mai zaman kansa suka rinjayi.

Littafinta Hors sexe ya haifar da abin kunya. Mai gabatar da kara ya kwace aikin kuma an zargi Coppin da mummunar lalata. Ba a ba da ƙarin sakamako ba, amma Coppin ya fi taka tsantsan a cikin maganganunta.

Ta kasance mai aiki sosai tare da rayuwar al'adun Faransa a Bruges da Brussels. Ta ba da gudummawa ga takardu na gida kamar Journal de Bruges da Le *Carillon* a Ostend . Ta ba da lacca ga ƙungiyoyin al'adu kamar su Cercle Littéraire Excelsior a matsayin Chat Noir . Ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatariyar *Kungiyar 'yan jarida* a Bruges, wanda aka tsara musamman don nishadantar da baƙi na Burtaniya, misali, a cikin 1902 lokacin da ƙungiyar' yan jarida na Ingila suka ziyarci baje kolin *Flemish Primitives* a Bruges.

Wasu 'yan ƙasa a Bruges sun yi fushi lokacin da Coppin ya hau keke a kan titunan birnin tare da takalman da aka yanke zuwa kowane idon kafa don aiki kamar wando. Masu fafutukar mata da masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama na ƙarni na 19 sun amince da keke a matsayin "na'urar 'yanci" 'yan mata da ke ba da gudummawa ga 'yancin mata. "Mace a kan keke? Brazen!" ya ce wasu mutane masu ban tsoro a Bruges bisa ga wani labarin labarai na Australiya da aka buga a ƙarshen 1937. Kamar Amelia Bloomer, Coppin ya kirkiro tufafi mai dacewa da kwanciyar hankali don mata su yi amfani da su don hawa keke.

A shekara ta 1914, tare da barkewar yaki Coppin ta gudu zuwa Ingila inda ta koyar da Faransanci  har zuwa mutuwarta a shekara ta 1931. 

Coppin ta kasance mai ƙwarewa a fannin ilimin ɗan adam da ilimin tauhidin, wanda ke bayyane a cikin litattafanta. Ta sami lambar yabo ta Orient Star, wani tsari da Rudolf Steiner da Helena Blavatsky suka kafa a shekara ta 1914.

Bayan kusan ƙarni guda a mantuwa, Marguerite Coppin ta ji daɗin sabuntawa da sake fitar da wasu ayyukanta.

## Littattafai

* Ressort cassé, 1889, littafin mata, Brussels, Kistemaekers, 1889, wanda Mirande Lucien ya sake bugawa, Brussels, 2011.
* Le Troisième Sexe ya biyo bayan Hors Sexe, Brussels, Kistemaekers, 1890, sake bugawa na Hors Seche ta Mirande Lucien, Brussels, 2012.
* *Solesme sceul aymé*, 1891, labari.
* Shahararren Bruges, 1892, labari.
* *Farawa*, 1895, Brussels, Weissenbruch.
* *Waƙoƙin mata*, 1896, Bruges.
* Mama da sauran waƙoƙi, 1898, Ostend, Bouchery.
* *Sabon Farawa*, 1898, labari.
* Soyayya mai nasara, 1899, littafin, Ostend, Bouchery.
* Labaran tarihin Belgium, 1905, Ostend, Bouchery.
* Monsieur Benoiton, likita, 1909, littafi, Liège, Kamfanin Belgian na bugu.
* *Sabbin waƙoƙi*, 1911, Ostend, Bouchery.
* *Nemesis*, littafin.
* *Littafin Farin Ciki*.

## Dubi kuma
 

* Tarihin mata
* Jerin masu fafutukar kare hakkin mata
* Jerin mawaƙan mata
* Hakkin mata na jefa kuri'a

## Manazarta

## Tushen

* Gustave DE L'YSER, *800 Croquis et silhouettes*, 1899.
* *Under the shadow of the Germans. An interview with Belgian's leading poetess*, in: The Queenslander (Australië), 6 February 1915.
* Walter RAVEZ, *Femmes de lettres belges*, 1939.
* *Bicycle Ride that Shocked People of Bruges*, in: The Herald, Melbourne, 4 December 1937.
* *Bibliographie des écrivains français de Belgique*, T. I. Brussel, 1958.
* Fernand BONNEURE, *Marguerite Coppin*, in: Brugge Beschreven. Hoe een stad in teksten verschijnt, Brussel Elsevier, 1984.
* Jan SCHEPENS, *Marguerite COPPIN*, in: Lexicon van West-Vlaamse schrijvers, T. II, Torhout, 1985.
* Éliane GUBIN & Marie-Sylvie DUPONT-BOUCHAT, *Dictionnaire des femmes belges*, Tielt, Lannoo, 2006, , .
* Mirande LUCIEN, *Marguerite Coppin ou l’amour hors les sens*, in: Textyles, 2012.
* Corinne BLANCHAUD, *Dictionnaire des écrivains francophones classiques, Belgique, Canada, Québec, Luxembourg, Suisse romande*, Paris, Honoré Champion, 2013.
* Mirande LUCIEN, *La femme-écrivain de province et la femme-inspiratrice dans 'Initiation' de Marguerite Coppin*, in: Textyles, 2015.
* Sharon LARSON, *A New Model of Femininity: Marguerite Coppin, Decadent Fiction and Belgian Girls' Education*, 2016.
* Nathalie Clifford BARNEY, *Women lovers or the Third Woman (1926)*, Edited and Translated by Chelsea Ray, University of Wisconsin Press, 2016.