Haim Moussa Douek

**Rabbi Haim Moussa Douek** (1905-Agusta 21, 1974) (Ibrananci: חיים דוויך / Larabci: حايم دويك) shine Babban Rabbi na Masar na ƙarshe.

## Rayuwar farko da farkon aikin
An haife shi a cikin iyalin Kohanim na "firistoci" a Anteb, Turkiyya, a kan iyakar Siriya, shi ne ɗan fari na Rabbi Moussa Haim Douek da Zarifa Harari. 

Yana da shekaru 5, iyalan Haim Moussa Douek sun ƙaura zuwa Alkahira a shekarar 1910. Ya halarci Makarantar Alliance Israellite Universelle da rana, da kuma shirin nazarin Yahudawa (Keter Torah) bayan makaranta. 

Rabbi Douek ya yi karatun digirinsa na rabbinanci daga 1918 zuwa 1933 a Babban Yeshivah Keter Torah da ke Alkahira, yana karatu a ƙarƙashin Rabbi Yossef Pinto da Rabbi Haim Nahoum, Babban Rabbi a wancan lokacin. An naɗa shi Rabbi a 1933. Yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa sanannen Majami'ar Ahaba Ve Ahva, wadda take a lamba 4 Midan El Daher a Alkahira . Gwamnati ta ɗauki Majami'ar a matsayin sansanin Yahudawan Sihiyona kuma ta rufe ta a 1957. [1]

Matsayinsa na malaman addini a majami'ar ya haɗa da koyar da Attaura ga ɗalibai, waɗanda suka haɗa da: Maurice (Moshe) Dayan, Babban Rabbi na L'Lile, Faransa; Joseph Hayon, Babban Rabbi na Barranquilla, Colombia; Massoud El-Baz, Babban Rabbi na Sudan; Jacob Nefoussi, Babban Rabbi na Alexandria; da Joseph Hamaoui, sanannen malamin addini a Brooklyn, New York; da Halfon Savdia, malamin addini na Ahaba Ve Ahva a Brooklyn. 

A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1952, Babban Malamin Masar, Rabbi Haim Nahoum, ya naɗa Rabbi Douek, don shiga ƙungiyar malaman addinin Yahudawa ta babban malamin addinin Yahudawa na birnin Alkahira. A shekarar 1954, an naɗa shi Shugaban Kotun Yahudawa ta Beit Din .  Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Masar ta kuma naɗa shi a matsayin Alkali a kotunan Firamare da na Ɗauka na Yahudawa, waɗanda su ne ɓangaren kotun dangantakar cikin gida ta Yahudawa. 

An cire Sarki Farouk daga mulki a shekarar 1952 a lokacin juyin juya halin da ya sanya Gamal Abdel Nasser kan mulki. A watan Janairun 1956, ya soke kotun hulda da jama'a ta cikin gida kuma ya bukaci a yanke duk wani hukunci a kotun farar hula, maimakon kotun addini. Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Masar ta nada Rabbi Douek a matsayin Wakilin Lauya mai kula da duk al'amuran da suka shafi dangantakar Yahudawa. Wannan ya hada da ikon yin hukunci kan batutuwan da suka shafi aure, saki, wasiyya, yara da kuma raba kadarori.  Shi ne kuma hukumar da aka nada don bayar da dukkan takardu na hukuma daga babban malamin addinin Yahudawa. 

A watan Satumba na shekarar 1956, an naɗa Rabbi Douek a matsayin mataimakin Babban Rabbi Haim Nahoum, wanda ya ba da shawarar cewa Rabbi Haim Douek ya gaje shi a matsayin Babban Rabbi na Masar .

## Babban Rabbi
Lokacin da Rabbi Haim Nahoum ya mutu a watan Nuwamba na 1960, Rabbi Haim Douek ya ɗauki nauyin jagorantar al'ummar Yahudawa a matsayin Babban Rabbi na ƙarshe na ƙasar.

A lokacin, adadin Yahudawan da ke Masar ya ragu zuwa kusan 10,000 saboda sauyin yanayin siyasa a Masar. Rabbi Douek ya ci gaba da jagorantar wata al'umma da ke ficewa daga Masar a hankali yayin da suke kan hanyarsu ta zuwa Isra'ila, Amurka da sauran ƙasashe. A ranar 5 ga Yuni, 1967, a lokacin Yaƙin Kwanaki Shida da Isra'ila, an umurci Rabbi Douek da iyalinsa da su je ofisoshin Babban Rabbinate, inda aka tsare su a gidan yari na tsawon makonni biyu ba tare da tuntuɓar wani waje ba.

Lokacin da gwamnatin Masar ta ba wa Rabbi Douek damar sake buɗe Babban Rabbinate, iyalan mutanen da aka tsare sun cika ofishinsa. Rabbi Douek ya amsa tambayoyi daga iyalai game da inda aka tsare 'ya'yansu maza da 'yan'uwansu. Har yanzu akwai 'yan sanda a waje da kuma 'yan sanda na sirri a cikin ofisoshinsa.

Rabbi Douek ya taimaka wa iyalai da kuɗi, kula da lafiya, da makarantu. Bayan kusan watanni uku, ya sami damar ziyartar iyalai da taimakon Red Cross. Rabbi Douek ya tabbatar da cewa majami'u a buɗe suke, akwai abincin kosher da ake da shi, kuma yaran sun sami ilimin Yahudawa.

Rabbi Douek ya tuntubi Shugaba Nasser, kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross, membobin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida ta Masar, da sauran kungiyoyi domin matsa wa gwamnatin Masar lamba ta sauƙaƙa wa iyalai su yi mu'amala da 'yan uwansu da ke tsare.

Yaƙin Kwanaki Shida ya ƙara hanzarta raguwar al'ummar Yahudawa. A shekarar 1968 akwai kimanin Yahudawa 2,000 a Masar, ƙasa da kimanin shekaru 80,000 da suka gabata.  Rabbi Douek ya gana da 'yan siyasa da manyan mutane na Masar daga ko'ina cikin duniya don neman agaji ga Yahudawan Masar don su bar ƙasar. Bayan shekaru uku da rabi, an saki duk waɗanda aka tsare kuma an ba su izinin barin Masar tare da iyalansu. Zuwa shekarar 1971, akwai mambobi 300 kacal na al'ummar da suka rage. Da yawa daga cikinsu iyalai ne masu ƙananan yara. Rabbi Douek ya shawarce su da su bar Masar, tunda bai ga wani makoma a can ga iyalan ba. Rabbi Douek ya jagoranci al'ummar Yahudawan Masar a lokacin rikicin siyasa da rashin zaman lafiya.

## Tashi
Rabbi Douek ya bar Masar zuwa Faransa a watan Maris na 1972. Kafin ya tafi, ya tabbatar da cewa sauran Yahudawan sun sami biyan buƙatunsu na addini. Akwai wani *mai suna hazzan* (cantor) a cikin majami'ar, wani mai suna shokhet, da kuma wani da zai taimaka wa Kadish (hidima ta jana'iza). Ya tabbatar da cewa duk majami'un da ke aiki a buɗe suke kuma ana kula da su, kuma an kula da makabartar. Bugu da ƙari, ya tabbatar da cewa ana samun ruwan inabi mai kyau da matzo don Idin Ƙetarewa .

A watan Oktoban 1972, ya yi ƙaura zuwa New York tare da 'ya'yansa. 

A birnin New York, Rabbi Douek ya fara aiki a cikin al'ummar Masar a ƙarƙashin wata ƙungiyar Ahab ve Ahva . Bugu da ƙari, ya fara aiki a cikin mawuyacin halin da Yahudawan Siriya da Iraki ke ciki, waɗanda aka tsananta musu a waɗannan ƙasashe. Ya sadaukar da lokacinsa don wayar da kan jama'a game da halin da suke ciki da kuma taimaka musu su bar waɗannan ƙasashe.

Ya rasu a Brooklyn, New York, a ranar 21 ga Agusta, 1974, kuma an binne shi a Dutsen Zaitun Har Hazeitim a Urushalima, Isra'ila.  Iyalinsa ne suka ba da gudummawar tarin littattafan tunawa da shi ga Jami'ar Yeshiva New York a shekarar 1984.

## Duba kuma

* Yahudawan Mizrahi

## Manazarta