Mariana W. de Coronel

**Mariana W. de Coronel** (Fabrairu 26, 1851 - 1925) ta kasance mai tara kayan gargajiya na 'Yan asalin Amurka da na Mexico. Wadannan an tattara su a cikin shekaru da yawa, mafi girma kuma mafi mahimmanci tarin kayan tarihi na irin sa a Amurka.

## Shekaru na farko

An haifi Mary "Mariana" Burton Williamson a San Antonio, Texas, a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, 1851,  babba a cikin iyali na yara shida. Mahaifinta, Nelson Williamson, ɗan New England ne daga Maine . Mahaifiyarta, Gertrude (Roman) Williamson, mace ce ta asalin Mutanen Espanya,  "mace mai suna Mexicano Tejano daga yankin Kogin Los Brazos. "

Williamsons sun kasance daga cikin 'yan gudun hijira na farko zuwa Amurka, kuma an san su da kishin kasa da kuma tsawon rai, duka kakanni biyu sun tsira har zuwa shekaru 104. Ɗaya daga cikinsu, John Williamson, soja da kuma ministan Kirista, dan uwan Hugh Williamson ne na Arewacin Carolina. Iyalin sun koma Cincinnati, inda kakan Coronel ya kafa kwaleji, na farko a wurin. Mahaifinta ya shiga cikin ɗaukar wasika tsakanin Cincinnati da Chicago, kuma shine manzo na farko mai nisa da aka yi amfani da shi. Daga baya, ya zama abokin farko a kan Jirgin ruwa na farko wanda ya yi tafiya a cikin Kogin Ohio. A shekara ta 1837, ya tafi Texas, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Texas Ranger a karkashin Janar Zachary Taylor .  Ya yi aiki a yaƙe-yaƙe na Vera Cruz, Palo Alto, Buena Vista, Cerro Gordo, Cherubusco, Chapultepec, San Pascua da Tobasco . Bayan yakin, ya zauna a San Antonio, inda ya shiga kwangila da gini, kuma ya rike ofishin alƙali. Binciken zinariya ya zama abin da ya sa iyalin suka koma California. Da ya isa Los Angeles a ƙarshen shekara ta 1859, lokacin da Mariana ke da shekaru takwas, Mista Williamson ya shiga cikin kasuwancin ƙasa da kasuwanci. 'Yan uwanta sun hada da Elena, Roberto Owens, Antoina Jefferson, Louisa, da Gertrude.

## Ayyuka

A shekara ta 1873, ta auri Don Antonio F. Coronel (1817-1894), wani California, kuma daya daga cikin fitattun mahalarta a farkon tarihin Los Angeles, bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin magajin gari, da kuma Baitulmalin Jiha. Shekaru da yawa, ta hanyar tafiya a Mexico da California, kuma ta hanyar wasiƙa, miji da matar sun tattara abubuwan ban sha'awa na 'yan asalin Amurka da na Mexico, suna haɓaka ɗayan mafi kyawun tarin masu zaman kansu a Los Angeles. Da yake tun tana yarinya ta saba da yarukan Ingilishi da Mutanen Espanya, Coronel ta yi magana da su daidai, kuma iliminta na duka biyun ya taimaka mata ta zahiri yayin da take tattara abubuwan sha'awa. Tarin ya haɗa da littattafan makaranta da aka adana a hankali da aka yi amfani da su a makarantar majagaba da aka kafa a Los Angeles ta surukinta, Ygnacio Coronel.

Coronels suna da matukar sha'awar Mission Indians na California, bayan sun haɗu da abokinsu, Helen Hunt Jackson, don taimakawa wannan rukuni. Ya kasance a kan shawarar Coronel cewa Jackson ya sanya Rancho Camulos hacienda wurin aikin littafin *Ramona*. A shekara ta 1887, Coronels sun ziyarci Birnin Mexico, kuma a shekara ta 1893, sun tafi baje kolin duniya a Birnin Chicago, inda rashin lafiya na Antonio ya yanke zaman su, da kuma mutuwar da ta biyo baya a shekara mai zuwa.

Bayan mutuwar Antonio, Coronel ya kula da dukiyar, wanda ya haɗa da dukiya mai daraja a Los Angeles da ranch na   a Whittier, ban da muhimman abubuwan hakar ma'adinai a Aliso Canon da Oaxaca, Mexico. Ta gabatar da tarin da suka taru ga birnin Los Angeles, kuma an nuna shi a cikin Chamber of Commerce. Tun daga shekara ta 1961, Gidan Tarihin Halitta na Los Angeles County ne ke gudanar da tarin.

Ta sake yin aure, a ranar 28 ga Disamba, 1895, ga Dr. C. Edgar Smith na Los Angeles, daga baya an san ta da Mrs. de Smith. Sun sake aure bayan shekaru biyar. Hotunan da suka gabata daga 1913 suna nufin "Mariana Coronel de Dominguez", wanda zai iya zama shaida ta aure na uku. Ta mutu a shekara ta 1925.  Daga cikin kungiyoyi da yawa da ta kasance da alaƙa da su sun kasance Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Indiya, Ƙungiyar Tarihin Kudancin California, Ƙungiyar Taimako ta Mata, Ƙungiyar Gida ta Yara, Ƙungiyar Pioneers na Los Angeles, da sauransu.

## Manazarta

### Bayanan littattafai

## Haɗin waje