Fenugreek

**Fenugreek** shuka ce ta shekara-shekara a cikin dangin Fabaceae, tare da ganye da ke kunshe da ƙananan obovate zuwa oblong leaflets. Ana noma shi a duk duniya a matsayin amfanin gona mai tsaka-tsaki. Ganyen sa da tsaba sune sinadaran da aka saba amfani da su a cikin jita-jita daga Yankin Indiya, kuma an yi amfani da su azaman sinadarin abinci tun zamanin d ̄ a. Amfani da shi azaman sinadarin abinci a cikin ƙananan adadi yana da aminci.

Kodayake kari ne na abinci na yau da kullun,  babu wata muhimmiyar shaidar asibiti da ta nuna cewa fenugreek yana da kaddarorin warkewa.  Ana amfani dashi a cikin maganin gargajiya, fenugreek na iya kara haɗarin mummunan sakamako, gami da halayen rashin lafiyan.

## Tarihi
An yi imanin cewa an kawo Fenugreek cikin noma a Gabas ta Tsakiya. Wanne nau'in daji na jinsin *Trigonella* ya haifar da fenugreek na gida ba shi da tabbas. An gano tsaba na fenugreek da aka ƙone daga Tell Halal, Iraki (carbon da aka rubuta a 4000 BC), matakan Bronze Age na Lachish, da kuma tsaba da aka bushe daga kabarin Tutankhamun. &nbsp;Cato the Elder ya lissafa fenugreek tare da clover da vetch a matsayin amfanin gona da aka shuka don ciyar da shanu.

A cikin girke-girke na ƙarni na farko AD, Romawa sun ɗanɗana ruwan inabi tare da fenugreek .  A cikin karni na 1 AD, a Galili, an shuka shi azaman abinci na musamman, kamar yadda Josephus ya ambata a cikin littafinsa, *Yaƙe-yaƙe na Yahudawa*. An ambaci shuka a cikin ƙarni na biyu na Dokar Magana ta Yahudawa (Mishnah) a ƙarƙashin sunan Ibrananci *tiltan* .

## Magana
Sunan Ingilishi ya samo asali ne ta hanyar Faransanci na Tsakiya *fenugrec* daga Latin *faenugraecum*, *faenum Graecum* ma'anar "Hellenanci hay".

## Fitarwa
Indiya babbar mai samar da fenugreek ce, kuma sama da 80% na fitar da Indiya daga jihar Rajasthan ne.

## Amfani da shi

Ana amfani da Fenugreek azaman ganye (ƙasa ko sabo ganye), kayan yaji (tsuntsaye), da kayan lambu (sabon ganye, tsiro, da microgreens). Sotolon shine sinadarin da ke da alhakin ƙanshin maple-syrup na fenugreek.

Cuboid, launin rawaya zuwa amber-launi fenugreek tsaba ana haɗuwa da su akai-akai a cikin abincin yankin Indiya, ana amfani da su duka da foda a cikin shirye-shiryen pickles, kayan lambu, *dal*, da cakuda kayan yaji kamar *panch phoron* da  foda. Sau da yawa ana gasa su don rage ƙishirwa da kuma inganta dandano (Maillard browning). 

### Yin dafa abinci
Sabbin ganye na fenugreek sune sinadarin a wasu curries, kamar tare da dankali a cikin abincin Indiya don yin *aloo methi* (dankali fenugreak) curry.

A cikin Abincin Armeniya, ana amfani da foda na tsaba na fenugreek don yin wani abu mai mahimmanci don rufe nama mai bushewa da warkewa don yin *basturma*.

A cikin Abincin Iran, ana kiran ganyen fenugreek *shambalileh* . Suna ɗaya daga cikin kayan lambu da yawa da aka haɗa a cikin stew *ghormeh sabzi*, da kuma furen frittata , kuma miya da aka sani da *Eshkeneh*. 

A cikin Abincin Georgia, ana amfani da nau'in da ke da alaƙa - *Trigonella caerulea* da ake kira "blue fenugreek".

A cikin Abincin Masar, an san fenugreek da sunan Larabci *Hilba* ko *Helba* حلبة . Ana tafasa tsaba don yin abin sha da ake cinyewa a gida, da kuma a shagunan kofi. Manoma a Upper Egypt suna ƙara tsaba da masara ga gurasar su ta pita don samar da *aish merahrah*, babban abincin su. *Basterma*, nama mai bushewa, yana samun dandano na musamman daga fenugreek da aka yi amfani da shi azaman murfin.

Hakazalika a cikin Abincin Turkiyya, ana amfani da foda na tsaba na fenugreek, wanda ake kira çemen, don yin paste tare da foda da tafarnuwa don rufe nama mai bushewa da warkarwa wajen yin *pastirma / basturma*.  (Sunansa ya fito ne daga kalmar Turkiya *bastırmak*, ma'ana "don matsawa").

A cikin Abincin Palasdinawa, ana amfani da fenugreek a matsayin sinadarin a cikin kek da ake kira fenugreak cake ko Hilbeh . 

A cikin Abincin Maroko, ana amfani da fenugreek a cikin *rfissa*, abincin da ke da alaƙa da ƙauyuka.

Ana amfani da Fenugreek a cikin abincin Eritrea da Habashawa. Kalmar fenugreek a cikin Amharic ita ce *abesh* (ko *abish*), kuma ana amfani da iri a Habasha a matsayin magani na halitta a cikin maganin Ciwon sukari.

Yahudawa na Yemen suna bin fassarar Rabbi Shelomo Yitzchak (Rashi) sun yi imani da fenugreek, wanda suke kira hilbah, hilbeh, hilba, helba, ko *halba* "robatבה", don zama *mai launin ruwan kasa* na Talmudic.  Lokacin da aka niƙa ƙwayoyin iri kuma aka gauraya da ruwa, suna fadada sosai; ana ƙara kayan yaji masu zafi, turmeric, da ruwan lemun tsami don samar da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano da aka ci tare da sop. Ana kuma kiran abincin hilbeh; yana tunatar da curry.  Ana cinye shi kowace rana da kuma bikin yayin cin abinci na dare na farko da / ko na biyu na Sabuwar Shekarar Yahudawa, Rosh Hashana . 

A Yemen, an kara karamin oud al hilba (عود الحلبة), wanda ya zama daidai da ''ashwagandha'', a al'adance a cikin tsaba na fenugreek kafin a gauraye su da ruwa don shirya *Hulbah* paste. An yi imanin cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen narkewa kuma mafi mahimmanci don hana ko rage ƙanshin maple-syrup wanda yawanci ke faruwa yayin cinye fenugreek.

### Abincin abinci
Ana ƙera kayan abinci na Fenugreek daga tsaba mai foda zuwa capsules, foda mai laushi, shayi, da kuma ruwa mai cirewa a ƙasashe da yawa. Babu wata shaida mai inganci da ke goyan bayan cewa waɗannan samfuran suna da tasirin asibiti.

### Abinci na dabba
Ana amfani da Fenugreek a wasu lokuta azaman abincin dabba. Yana samar da abinci mai kore wanda ke da ɗanɗano ga ruminants. Ana kuma amfani da tsaba don ciyar da kifi da zomo na gida.

### Abincin abinci
Tsuntsaye da ganye na Fenugreek suna dauke da sotolone, wanda ke ba da ƙanshin fenugreek da curry a cikin babban taro, da syrup na maple ko caramel a cikin ƙananan taro. Ana amfani da Fenugreek a matsayin wakili mai ɗanɗano a cikin kwayar cutar maple ko shayi, kuma a matsayin kariyar abinci.

## Etymology
Sunan turanci ci ya samo asali ta hanyar *fenugrec* na Faransanci ta Tsakiya daga Latin *faenugraecum*, *faenum Graecum* ma'ana "Girkanci hay". 
## Bincike
Wadanda suka hada da tsaba na fenugreek sun hada da flavonoids, alkaloids, coumarins, bitamin, da saponins; mafi yawan alkaloid shine trigonelline kuma coumarins sun hada da sinamic acid da Scopoletin. Bincike kan ko fenugreek yana rage alamun halittu a cikin mutanen da ke fama da Ciwon sukari kuma tare da yanayin prediabetic yana da iyakantaccen inganci.

Ya zuwa 2023, ba a sami wata hujja mai inganci ba game da ko fenugreek yana da aminci kuma yana da tasiri wajen sauƙaƙe dysmenorrhea  ko inganta shayarwa yayin shayarwa.  Nazarin fenugreek ana nuna su da canji, ƙirar gwaji mara kyau da inganci, gami da ƙananan batutuwa, gazawar bayyana hanyoyin, rashin daidaituwa da tsawon lokaci na sashi, kuma ba rikodin mummunan sakamako ba.

Saboda bincike kan yiwuwar tasirin halittu na cinye fenugreek bai samar da wata shaida mai inganci don kiwon lafiya ko tasirin maganin cututtuka ba, ba a amince da fenugreak ba ko kuma a ba da shawarar don amfani da shi a asibiti ta Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka.

## Magungunan gargajiya
Kodayake sau ɗaya magani ne na jama'a don rashin isasshen madara yayin jinya, babu wata shaida mai kyau da ta nuna cewa fenugreek yana da tasiri ko lafiya don wannan amfani,    kuma ba shi da amfani a cikin al'adun gargajiya don magance dysmenorrhea, kumburi, Ciwon sukari, ko duk wani cuta na ɗan adam.

## Sakamakon da ba daidai ba
Amfani da fenugreek yana da damar haifar da mummunar sakamako, saboda yana iya zama mara lafiya ga mata masu cutar kansa. Fenugreek ba shi da aminci don amfani a lokacin daukar ciki, saboda yana da yiwuwar tasirin zubar da ciki kuma yana iya haifar da raguwar mahaifa. 

Wasu mutane suna da rashin lafiyan fenugreek, gami da wadanda ke da rashin lafiyan man shanu ko rashin lafiyan Chickpea. Tsuntsaye na Fenugreek na iya haifar da zawo, dyspepsia, raguwar ciki, flatulence, da gumi, kuma suna ba da ƙanshin kamar mai laushi ga gumi, fitsari, ko madarar nono. Akwai hadarin hypoglycemia, musamman a cikin mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sukari, kuma yana iya tsoma baki tare da aikin Magungunan maganin ciwon sukari. Saboda babban abun ciki na mahaɗan kamar coumarin a cikin fenugreek, yana iya tsoma baki tare da aiki da sashi na anticoagulants da magungunan antiplatelet.

Tsire-tsire na Fenugreek, wanda aka shuka daga takamaiman rukunin tsaba da aka shigo da su daga Masar zuwa Jamus a shekara ta 2009, an haɗa su a matsayin tushen barkewar cutar  O104:H4 a shekara ta 2011 a Jamus da Faransa. Gano wani mai samarwa na yau da kullun da kuma rukuni guda ɗaya na tsaba na fenugreek shaida ce ga asalin barkewar cutar.

## Bayanan da aka ambata