Nikola Tereshchenko

**Nikola Tereshchenko** (wanda aka fassara shi da **Mykola Tereshchenko** ; 14 ga Oktoba 1819 - 19 ga Janairu 1903) ɗan ƙasar Ukraine ne mai taimakon jama'a, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan kasuwa a masana'antar sukari . An san Tereshchenko da kasancewa magajin garin Hlukhiv tsawon shekaru da yawa a jere da kuma gudummawar da ya bayar ga wurare da yawa a Ukraine, kamar Cathedral na St Volodymyr, Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa na Taras Shevchenko, da Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Ƙasa na Ukraine da sauransu.

An haifi Tereshchenko a Hlukhiv, wanda a lokacin yana cikin Gundumar Chernigov a Daular Rasha . Duk da matsalolin kuɗi a lokacin, ya fara kasuwanci ta hanyar kai burodi zuwa Crimea da shanu, ban da gishiri da kifi daga baya. A shekara ta 1851 ya zama babban mai kula da burgohiv na Hlukhiv, kuma a shekara ta 1861 ya zama Magajin Garin Hlukhiv wanda ya yi na tsawon shekaru 14 masu zuwa. A shekara ta 1855 ya gina masana'antar sukari ta farko ta iyalinsa, wacce ta sami ƙarin nasara bayan gyaran 'Yanci na 1861, kuma tare da kuɗi, ya sami damar kafa masana'antar sukari ta beet . A shekara ta 1870, iyalin sun kafa wata ƙungiya don babban birnin masana'antar sukari, wanda ya yi aiki da shi har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarsa. Saboda tarin jarin da ya tara a lokacin da yake kasuwanci, Tereshchenko ya yanke shawarar ba da kuɗi ga wurare da yawa a ƙarshen rayuwarsa. Yana bayar da gudummawar kuɗi mai yawa ga dakunan motsa jiki a faɗin Ukraine, sannan ya kafa Jami'ar Pedagogical ta ƙasa ta Hlukhiv ta Oleksandr Dovzhenko da Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kyiv . Da wasu kuɗaɗen, ya ba da kuɗaɗen gina gidajen tarihi da yawa, Gidan Wasan Kwaikwayo na Ƙasa na Kyiv na Operetta, da coci-coci. Ya mutu a shekarar 1903.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Tereshchenko a ranar 14 ga Oktoba, 1819 a Hlukhiv, wanda a lokacin yana cikin Gundumar Chernigov a Daular Rasha .  An sanya masa suna ne bayan St. Nicholas the Wonderworker .  An haife shi a matsayin ɗan Ukrainian Cossack Artemy Tereshchenko, wanda aka yi wa laƙabi da "Karbovanets", wanda a lokacin ƙaramin mai shago ne  wanda ke fuskantar matsalar kuɗi.  Mahaifiyarsa 'yar ɗan kasuwa ce mai suna Euphrosyne Grigorievna Steslyavska.  Saboda wannan, Nikola ya sha wahala a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, kuma kamar yadda ya tuna daga baya, ya shiga Makarantar Gundumar Hlukhiv akan dinari. 

## Sana'a
Ya fara yin ayyukan kasuwanci ne lokacin da yake makaranta, yana ɗaukar burodi zuwa Crimea a kan shanu, sannan kuma yana kai gishiri da kifi daga Taurida Oblast zuwa garinsu.  Ba da daɗewa ba ya kasance yana bin babban mai samar da burodi da mai sayar da gishiri da kifi.  Da kuɗin da ya samu daga kasuwancin hatsi, ya gina rumbunan dutse don adana hatsi kuma ya sanya wasu daga cikin ribar aiki a yaɗuwa.  Daga nan ya haɗa ƙannensa biyu, Fyodor da Semyon, a cikin kasuwancin kuma ya fara aika ma'aikata da aka ɗauka aiki zuwa Crimea.  A cikin shekarun 1840s ya kuma fito da sabuwar kasuwanci, wacce tsarin ba da lamuni ne na kasuwanci.  Lokacin da masana'antun suka isa baje kolin birnin, ya sayi kayayyakinsu da jinkirin biyan kuɗi akan farashi mai rahusa, kuma masana'antun za su karɓi kuɗin idan suka koma Crimea. 

A shekara ta 1851 ya zama babban mai kula da burgoma na Hlukhiv, wanda ya yi ban da kasuwancin hatsi har zuwa 1860.   Bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai kula da burgoma na tsawon shekaru 9, ya zama Magajin Garin Hlukhiv na tsawon shekaru 14 masu zuwa.  An zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban burgoma sau 7 a jere. 

A shekara ta 1870 ya ƙaura zuwa Moscow tare da 'yan'uwansa.  Duk da haka, ya koma Kyiv a ƙarshen 1874 bayan ya ji ƙyamar "babban birnin mai girman kai" saboda renon sa a Hlukhiv kuma a lokacin da yake gudun hijira, birnin Kyiv ya gina sabon layin dogo kuma ya buɗe kasuwar hannayen jari wanda ya ba shi damar zama sananne a matsayin babban birnin sukari.   Daga nan sai dukkan iyalansa suka ƙaura zuwa gida mai lamba 12 a kan titin Bibikovsky.  A Kyiv ya zama memba na City Duma, kuma an zaɓe shi sau da yawa don zama Magajin Garin Kyiv .  A ƙarshen rayuwarsa, ya mallaki kusan filaye 80,000, matatun sukari guda biyar, distillers, da injinan tururi da ruwa. 

## Ayyukan agaji
Tereshchenko ya ba da tallafin kuɗi don gina Gidan Marayu na Mariinsky, asibiti ga ma'aikata, wurin kwana a kan titin Basseyna, Gidan Trinity People's House (wanda yanzu shine Kyiv National Academic Theatre of Operetta ), da kuma Cathedral na St Volodymyr da sauran gine-gine.  Jimilla, ya kashe kusan rubles miliyan 5 kan ayyukan agaji. 

A ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, babban abin da ya dame Tereshchenko shi ne kafa wani ɗakin motsa jiki na mata wanda cikakken ɗakin motsa jiki ne mai aji takwas a Hlukhiv, wanda ya yi alƙawarin samun rubles 118,000, kuma an gina shi a 1894.  Daga nan aka naɗa shi mai kula da ɗakin motsa jiki na farko, don haka ya ba da gudummawa mai yawa a kowace shekara ga ɗakunan motsa jiki goma a cikin birnin, gami da ginawa kamar ɗakin motsa jiki na maza na biyar a Kyiv.  Sauran makarantun da ya bayar da gudummawa don ƙirƙirar su ne Jami'ar Hlukhiv ta Ƙasa ta Oleksandr Dovzhenko a matsayin cibiyar malamai da farko.  Bugu da ƙari, ya samar da kuɗaɗen don kafa Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kyiv . 

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ya ƙirƙira shi ne ɗaukar nauyin gidajen tarihi guda huɗu na gwamnati: Gidan Tarihi na Taras Shevchenko na tarihi, Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Rasha, Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Ƙasa na Ukraine, da Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Yamma da Gabas na Kyiv.