Mary Robinson

**Mary Therese Winifred Robinson** ('Yar Ailan: Máire Mhic Róibín; née **Bourke**; an haife ta a 21 ga Mayu 1944)' yar siyasa ce mai zaman kanta ta ƙasar Ireland wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugaba na bakwai na Ireland daga Disamba 1990 zuwa Satumba 1997, ta zama mace ta farko da ta riƙe wannan ofishin. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Babban Kwamishina na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam daga 1997 zuwa 2002 da kuma Sanata na Jami'ar Dublin daga 1969 zuwa 1989. Da farko ta fara shahara ne a matsayinta na malami, lauya kuma mai yakin neman zabe. Ta kayar da Brian Lenihan na jam’iyyar Fianna Fáil da Austin Currie ta Fine Gael a zaben shugaban kasa na 1990, ta zama ‘yar takarar mai zaman kanta ta farko da Labour Party, the Workers’ Party da Senators masu zaman kansu suka tsayar. Ita ce farkon zaɓaɓɓiyar shugabar ƙasa a tarihin ofishi ba tare da samun goyon baya daga Fianna Fáil ba.

Ana kallon ta a matsayin mai canza fasali ga Ireland, da kuma shugabancin Irish, sake rayarwa da sakewa da ofis ɗin da ke da ra'ayin mazan jiya. Ta sauka daga mukamin ta na shugaban kasa watanni biyu gabanin cikar wa'adinta na rike mukaminta a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. A zamaninta na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ziyarci Tibet (1998), Babban Kwamishina na farko da ya yi haka; ta soki manufofin bakin haure na Ireland; ya kuma soki yadda ake amfani da hukuncin kisa a Amurka. Ta tsawaita wa'adinta na wa'adin shekaru hudu a matsayin Babban Kwamishina da shekara guda don jagorantar taron duniya kan yaki da wariyar launin fata a 2001 a Durban, Afirka ta Kudu; taron ya tabbatar da cece-kuce. Karkashin matsin lamba daga Amurka, Robinson ya yi murabus daga mukaminta a watan Satumbar 2002.

Bayan barinsa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a 2002, Robinson ya kirkiro Realizing Rights: Ethical Globalization Initiative, wacce ta zo karshen shirinta a karshen 2010. Babban ayyukanta sune 1) inganta kasuwanci na adalci da aiki mai kyau, 2) inganta yancin lafiya da karin manufofin ƙaura na ɗan adam, da 3) aiki don ƙarfafa jagorancin mata da ƙarfafa haɗin kan kamfanoni. Babban ayyukanta sune 1) inganta kasuwanci na adalci da aiki mai kyau, 2) inganta yancin lafiya da karin manufofin ƙaura na ɗan adam, da 3) aiki don ƙarfafa jagorancin mata da ƙarfafa haɗin kan kamfanoni. Kungiyar ta kuma tallafawa bunkasa iya aiki da kyakkyawan shugabanci a kasashe masu tasowa. Ta dawo zama a Ireland a ƙarshen 2010, kuma ta kafa Gidauniyar Mary Robinson - Canjin Adalci, wanda ke da nufin zama 'cibiyar tunani mai kyau, Ilimi da bayar da shawarwari kan gwagwarmayar tabbatar da adalci a duniya ga wadanda da yawa wadanda ke fama da matsalar sauyin yanayi wadanda yawanci ana manta su - talakawa, marasa karfi da kuma wadanda aka ware a fadin duniya.

Robinson ita ce Shugabar Cibiyar Nazarin 'Yancin Dan Adam da Kasuwanci kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Jami'ar Jami'ar Dublin daga 1998 har zuwa 2019. Ta kuma ziyarci wasu kwalejoji da jami’o’i inda take gabatar da laccoci kan hakkin dan Adam. Tana zaune a hukumar Mo Ibrahim Foundation, kungiyar da ke tallafawa shugabanci na gari da jagoranci mai karfi a Afirka, kuma mamba ce a Kwamitin Kyautar Ibrahim na Gidauniyar. Ita ma jagorar Teamungiyar B ce, tare da Richard Branson, Jochen Zeitz da ƙungiyar shugabanni daga 'yan kasuwa da ƙungiyoyin farar hula a matsayin ɓangare na Bungiyar B. Ita Furofesa ce ta Musamman a Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam da Cibiyar Yin Jima'i, AIDS da Jinsi a Jami'ar Pretoria. Robinson ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar girmamawa ta Oxfam daga 2002 har zuwa lokacin da ta sauka a 2012 kuma ita ce shugabar girmamawa ta Cibiyar Tarayyar Turai ta 'Yancin Dan Adam da Demokradiyya ta EIUC tun 2005. Ita ce Shugabar Cibiyar Nazarin Muhalli da Ci Gaban Kasa da Kasa (IIED) sannan kuma ita ce memba ta kafa kuma shugabar Majalisar Matan Shugabannin Duniya. Ta kasance memba na membobin Turai na ofungiyar lateungiyoyi.

A shekara ta 2004, ta sami lambar yabo ta Ambasada Ambasada na Lamirin Lamiri saboda aikinta na bunkasa hakkin dan adam.