Brutus (Michelangelo)

***Brutus*** wani dutse ne na marmara na Marcus Junius Brutus wanda Michelangelo ya zana a kusa da 1539-1540. Yanzu yana cikin gidan kayan gargajiya na Bargello a Florence.

Hoton ya ba Brutus wani bangare na jarumi daidai da ra'ayi na siyasa game da zalunci a lokacin da aka kirkireshi. Yana cikin - kuma yana iya farawa - farfado da bus na gargajiya a cikin zane-zane.

## Tarihi
Michelangelo ya zana *Brutus* 'yan shekaru bayan cin nasarar Jamhuriyar Florence (1527-1531). A matsayinsa na mai goyon bayan Jamhuriyar Florentine wanda ya tsara kuma ya kula da sake fasalin da kuma gina ganuwarta, Michelangelo ya kasance mai tsananin adawa da zalunci.

A cikin Divine Comedy, Dante ya sanya Brutus cikin mafi ƙasƙanci. Michelangelo ya sadaukar da kansa sosai ga waƙoƙin Dante, amma tare da Renaissance, an ga Brutus a matsayin mai karfi da kuma adawa da zalunci. "A lokacin Renaissance, tare da Daular Romawa da aka gani a matsayin farkon lalacewar Roma, ainihin addinin Brutus ya ci gaba", in ji mai ba da labari na Michelangelo Charles na Tolnay.

A cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan capitulation na Florence, Michelangelo ya ci gaba da hulɗa da wasu daga cikin tsoffin shugabannin Jamhuriyar, mutanen da suka goyi bayan 'yancin birni-jiha kuma suka yi adawa da zalunci na Medicean. De Tolnay ya yi imanin cewa daya daga cikin wadannan mutane, wato Donato Giannotti, ya yi wahayi zuwa ga bust na Brutus. "Bust yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar ra'ayoyin siyasa na [Michelangelo] Buonarroti", in ji De Tolnay. "Tunanin Michelangelo game da Brutus an bayyana shi a sarari a cikin wannan bus: Yana wakiltar ƙyamar jaruntaka ga waɗanda za su lalata 'yanci".[1] Masu zamani na iya haɗa siffar tare da kisan Alessandro de 'Medici, Duke na Florence, da Lorenzino de 'Medic a cikin 1537.[2][3]

Johannes Wilde, wani masanin Michelangelo, ya kuma ga Brutus a matsayin "ɗaukaka 'yanci daga zalunci". Wilde ya ba da shawarar cewa siffar ta kasance ba a gama ba.

## Ranar

De Tolnay ya ba da shawarar cewa an halicci bus din a kusa da 1539-1540.  Museo Nazionale del Bargello a Florence, inda ake yawan nuna hoton, kuma ya sanya aikin zuwa 1539-1540  Thomas Martin ya yi tambaya game da wannan kwanan wata, wanda ya samo asali ne daga Giorgio Vasari, yana mai lura cewa Brutus bai bar bitar Michelangelo ba har zuwa kimanin 1555, yana ba da shawarar cewa ana iya yin hoton na dogon lokaci, kuma watakila an ba da umurni don tunawa da mutuwar Lorenzino de 'Medici a cikin 1548. 

Ana ɗaukar aikin gabaɗaya ya kasance mai tasiri wajen farfado da nau'in bus na gargajiya a cikin zane-zane. A ra'ayin Martin, duk da haka, kwanakin baya na siffar sun sa ya zama mai zuwa ga yanayin. An kwatanta *Brutus* da wani bus na marmara na Duke Cosimo I wanda Bartolommeo Bandinelli ya kirkira a cikin 1543-1545 da kuma wani bus na Duke Cosemo wanda Benvenuto Cellini ya kirkira. 

## Aikin
Jamhuriyar Republican Donato Giannotti ne ya ba da izinin zane-zane ga Kadanal Niccolò Ridolfi . 

Fuskar siffar ba ta da daidaituwa, tare da gefen da ya juya daga mai kallo yana nuna alamun motsin rai, gami da hanci mai flared.

### Fibula a matsayin binciken kai

Giorgio Vasari ya rubuta cewa Michelangelo ya tsara Brutus daga hoton da aka yanke a cikin lu'u-lu'u. Daga baya malaman ba su sami aikin ya yi kama da kowane irin wannan lu'u-lu'u ba, suna zaton a maimakon haka ana iya yin sa ne bayan bus na Caracalla. De Tolnay a cikin 1935 ya buga bincikensa cewa fibula a cikin siffar binciken ne ga siffar kanta, yana ba da hanyar da ta ɓace don nuna kamanceceniya da tsabar kudi na gargajiya.

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin ayyukan Michelangelo
* Hoton Caracalla

## Manazarta