Abinci na gargajiya

**Abinci na gargajiya** abinci ne da jita-jita waɗanda aka ba da su ta hanyar tsararraki ko waɗanda aka cinye su na tsararraki da yawa. Abinci na gargajiya da jita-jita na gargajiya ne a yanayi, kuma suna iya samun tarihin tarihi a cikin Abincin ƙasa, abincin yanki ko abincin gida. Ana iya samar da abinci da abin sha na gargajiya kamar yadda aka yi a gida, ta gidajen cin abinci da ƙananan masana'antun, da kuma manyan wuraren sarrafa abinci.

Wasu abinci na gargajiya suna da alamun ƙasa da ƙwarewar gargajiya a cikin ƙididdigar Tarayyar Turai ta hanyar tsarin ƙididdigan ƙasa da ƙididdigas na gargajiya: Ƙididdigar ƙididdigatattun asali (PDO), Ƙididdigataren ƙasa mai kariya (PGI) da ƙwarewa na gargajiya (TSG). Wadannan ka'idoji suna aiki ne don ingantawa da kare sunayen kayan aikin gona masu inganci da kayan abinci.

Wannan labarin ya haɗa da bayani game da abin sha na gargajiya.

## Bambanci tsakanin al'ada da al'ada

Kodayake ya zama ruwan dare a yi amfani da su a matsayin ma'anar, gaskiyar ita ce abincin "al'ada" da abincin "al" ana ɗaukar ra'ayoyi biyu daban-daban bisa ga ilimin ɗan adam na abinci; Na farko yana nufin al'adu abinci waɗanda ake gadon su ta baki, a kan ƙaramin sikelin a cikin iyali, da kuma babban sikelin a matsayin wani ɓangare na al'adu da ainihi. A gefe guda, lokacin da muke magana game da abinci na al'ada (ko "masu shahara"), yana daya daga cikin wadanda yawancin mutane a wurin kamar kuma ana maimaita su sosai. Sabili da haka, abincin gargajiya na iya zama na al'ada kuma akasin haka, amma ba duk abincin da aka saba da shi ba ne na gargajiya ko kuma duk na al'adun gargajiya.

Yawancin abincin gargajiya sun samo asali ne daga ƙwarewar matan gida waɗanda suka haɗu da dabarun da sinadaran da suke da su don ƙirƙirar sabbin girke-girke. Idan mutane suna son wannan girke-girke, ya cancanci a yi koyi da shi. A wasu kalmomi, ana yada shi kuma ana maimaita shi sau da yawa har ya zama girke-girke na gargajiya. Saboda wannan dalili, al'adar abinci ta ƙunshi nau'ikan girke-girke na gargajiya, waɗanda dole ne su danganta da ƙasar asali, takamaiman kayayyaki, da takamaiman halaye na gida. Akwai girke-girke na gargajiya wanda zai iya fadawa cikin mantuwa kuma ya ɓace har abada, amma idan an cinye su da yawa, sun zama wani ɓangare na abincin da aka saba da shi a wurin. Masanin ilimin abinci na Mexico Maru Toledo ya kara da ra'ayi na uku ga wannan tsari, wanda shine na "kyakkyawan cinikayya",  wani abu da bai wanzu ba har sai kasuwancin abinci (tsarin da ya faru kwanan nan, idan muka lura da cikakken tarihin tarihin abinci).

### Abincin kasuwanci
Abincin da aka siyar ya dace da halaye na gargajiya (har ma da adjective "al'ada", a lokuta da yawa) amma manufar ba wani ba ce face riba ta tattalin arziki. Saboda wannan dalili, ba ya so ya zurfafa cikin asalin, ko kuma a cikin mahallin, ƙarancin bambancin da ke kewaye da jita-jita, yana siyarwa. A ƙarshe, yawan jama'a, gabaɗaya ba tare da ilimin abinci ba, sun yi imanin cewa abincin da suke saya nasu ne, don haka suna faruwa da wani nau'in al'adun abinci  da sauƙaƙe bambancin samfuran, dabaru, girke-girke da sauran fannoni na abinci na al'ada.

## Ta nahiyar

### Afirka

* Bambara groundnut - amfanin gona na gargajiya a Afirka

### Turai
An bayyana kayayyakin abinci na gargajiya a matsayin suna wasa "wani muhimmin bangare na al'adun Turai, ainihi, da al'adun".

### Kudancin Amurka

* Humita - abinci na gargajiya a Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, da Peru

## Ta hanyar ƙasa

### Kanada

* Abinci na ƙasa yana nufin Abincin gargajiya na mutanen Aboriginal (wanda aka sani a Kanada a matsayin First Nations, Metis, da Inuit), musamman a yankuna masu nisa na arewa inda Abinci na Yamma Turai ya fi tsada, kuma har yanzu ana dogaro da abinci na gargajiya.
* Abincin Godiya

#### Quebec

* Putin
* Gidan cin abinci
* Shuka da cream
* Pâté na kasar Sin
* Rashin aikin yi
* St. Catherine's taffy
* Spruce giya
* Maple syrup
* Birnin Krita

#### Akkadia

* Gishiri mai laushi
* Fricot

### China

* Ciba cake
* Dim sum
* Fuling jiabing - abinci na gargajiya na Beijing da kuma wani bangare na al'adu birni. Abincin ɗanɗano ne mai kama da pancake wanda aka yi da gari, sukari, da fuling (*Poria*), wanda aka mirgine a kusa da kwayoyi, zuma, da sauran sinadaran.
* Spring pancake - abinci na gargajiya na kasar Sin na musamman ga yankunan arewa. Mutane suna cin pancakes na bazara a ranar da ake kira lichun don yin bikin farkon bazara.
* Zhongzi - shinkafa mai mannewa tare da kayan da ke da ɗanɗano ko kayan da ke cikin ganyen bamboo kuma an dafa su. An yi shi ne don tunawa da mawaki da minista Qu Yuan a lokacin Bikin jirgin ruwa na Dragon .

### Costa Rica

* Shinkafa da wake

### Croatia

* Lecsó

### Cyprus

* Tsamarella - abinci na gargajiya da ɗaya daga cikin manyan abincin rana na Cyprus 

### Jamhuriyar Czech

* Lecsó
* Svíčková

### Estonia

* Mulgipuder
* Sepik

### Eswatini

### Tsibirin Faroe

* Farin Faroese
* Garnatálg
* Skerpikjøt
* Naman whale

* Stew na Karelian
* Kayan abinci na Karelia
* Kesäkeitto
* Reindeer da aka yi amfani da shi
* Ruisreikäleipä
* Ryynimakkara
* Mustamakkara
* Kalakukko
* Lörtsy
* Rönttönen
* Sultsina
* Mämmi
* Joulutorttu

### Faransa

* Appellation d'origine contrôlée - takardar shaidar Faransanci da aka ba wasu alamun ƙasa na Faransanci don ruwan inabi, cuku, butters, da sauran kayan aikin gona
** Kayan kaza na Bresse - samfurin kaza na Faransa tare da sunan asalin sarrafawa
** Jerin Appellation d'Origine Controlled liqueurs da ruhohi
** Jerin sunan asalin ruwan inabi mai sarrafawa

### Jamus

* Black Forest ham - wanda aka samar a yankin Black Forest na Jamus, abinci ne mai kariya na Asalin (PDO) a cikin Tarayyar Turai.

### Guatemala

* Fiambre abinci ne na gargajiya na Guatemala wanda ake shirya kuma ana cinye shi kowace shekara don bikin Ranar Matattu (Día de Los Muertos) da Ranar Dukkanin Masu Tsarki (Día De Todos Los Santos).

### Iceland

### Indonesia

* Brem - abincin rana da abin sha daga Java da Bali
* Docang - abinci na gargajiya daga Cirebon
* Gado-gado - salatin gargajiya a cikin kayan ado na man shanu
* Gudeg - wani matashi jackfruit stew, abinci na gargajiya daga Yogyakarta
* Ketupat - kayan shinkafa na gargajiya da ake amfani da su a lokacin *Lebaran*, Indonesian idul fitri
* Kuluban - salatin gargajiya na Javanese na dā
* Lawar - abincin gargajiya na Balinese
* Opor ayam - kaza a cikin madarar kwakwa, abincin gargajiya da ake cinyewa tare da ketupat a lokacin *Lebaran*
* Pallubasa - abinci na gargajiya daga Makassar, Kudancin Sulawesi da aka yi da naman shanu ko buffalo
* Papeda - sago congee, kayan gargajiya na Gabashin Indonesia (Maluku da Papua) 
* Rendang - abincin gargajiya na Minangkabau daga Yammacin Sumatra
* Satay - nama da aka gasa a kan skewers, bambance-bambance daban-daban na gargajiya sun wanzu a Indonesia
* Soto - wani nau'i na miya na gargajiya na Indonesia, akwai bambance-bambance na yanki da yawa
* Tempeh - kek na soya, abinci na gargajiya daga Java
* Tumpeng - shinkafa ta bikin da ke kewaye da jita-jita daban-daban, abincin ƙasar Indonesia

## Manazarta

## Babanci tsakanin na gargajiya da Wanda aka saba

Ko da yake ya zama ruwan dare a yi amfani da su a matsayin ma’ana, gaskiyar ita ce, abinci “gargajiya” da abinci “na al’ada” ana la’akari da ra’ayoyi mabambanta biyu bisa ga ilimin ɗan adam na abinci ; Na farko yana nufin al'adun dafa abinci waɗanda ba koyaushe ake gadar su ta baki, a kan ƙaramin ma'auni a cikin iyali, da kuma babban ma'auni a cikin al'umma a matsayin wani ɓangare na al'ada da asalinta . A gefe guda, idan muka yi magana game da abinci na yau da kullun (ko "sanannun") abinci, shine wanda yawancin mutane a wani wuri suke so kuma ana kwafi su sosai. [1] Saboda haka, jita-jita na gargajiya na iya zama na yau da kullun kuma akasin haka, amma ba duk abincin da aka saba ba na gargajiya ba ne ko kuma na gargajiya.

Yawancin jita-jita na gargajiya sun samo asali ne daga basirar matan gida waɗanda ke ƙirƙira da hankali sun haɗa dabaru da kayan aikin da suke da su don ƙirƙirar sabbin girke-girke. Idan mutane suna son wannan girke-girke, ya zama cancanci a yi koyi da shi. A wasu kalmomi, ana yada shi kuma ana maimaita shi sau da yawa har ya zama girke-girke na gargajiya . Saboda wannan dalili, al'adar dafa abinci ta ƙunshi nau'ikan girke-girke na gargajiya, waɗanda dole ne a haɗa su da ƙasar asali, takamaiman samfuran, da takamaiman halaye na gida. Akwai girke-girke na gargajiya waɗanda zasu iya fada cikin mantawa kuma su ɓace har abada, amma idan an cinye su da yawa, sun zama wani ɓangare na abinci na yau da kullun na wuri. Masanin ilimin halittar ɗan adam na ƙasar Mexiko Maru Toledo ya ƙara ra'ayi na uku ga wannan tsari, wanda shine na "kasuwanci na yau da kullun",  wani abu da bai wanzu ba har sai an sayar da abinci (tsarin da ya faru kwanan nan, idan muka lura da cikakken tarihin tarihin abinci).

### Abinci na kasuwanci
Abincin da aka yi ciniki ya dace da halayen gargajiya (har ma da sifa iri ɗaya "gargajiya", a lokuta da yawa) amma manufar ba kowa ba ce illa riba ta tattalin arziki. Saboda wannan dalili, ba ya so ya shiga cikin asalin, kuma ba a cikin mahallin ba, da yawa fiye da bambancin da ke kewaye da jita-jita, yana sayar da shi. A ƙarshe, yawancin jama'a, gabaɗaya ba tare da ilimin abinci da yawa ba, sun yi imanin cewa abincin da suke siyan nasu ne, don haka suna faruwa wani nau'in haɓakar abinci  da sauƙaƙe nau'ikan samfuran, dabaru, girke-girke da sauran abubuwan dafa abinci na al'ada.