Richard Rainwater

**Richard Edward Rainwater** (15 ga Yuni, 1944 - 27 ga Satumba, 2015) ɗan Amurka ne mai zuba jari kuma mai taimakon jama'a. Da kimanin dukiyarsa ta kai dala biliyan 3, ya zo na 211 a jerin Forbes 400 a shekarar 2015. 

An bayyana salon saka hannun jarinsa a matsayin "mai tsauri a fannin nazari amma mai son dama kuma girman Texas a cikin jarumtakarsa."  Rainwater ya kasance mai ba da shawara kuma mai goyon bayan masu zuba jari da suka haɗa da Eddie Lampert, Roger Staubach, da David Bonderman .  Tsakanin 2009 da mutuwarsa a 2015, ya sha fama da cutar sankarau mai ci gaba, wata cuta mai saurin kamuwa da cututtukan jijiyoyi . A lokacin rayuwarsa, Rainwater ya ba da gudummawar sama da dala miliyan 380 ga ayyukan agaji kuma ya bar kusan dukkan kadarorinsa ga gidauniyar agajinsa.  

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Richard Rainwater a Fort Worth, Texas, a shekarar 1944. Ya girma a cikin iyalin 'yan kasuwa da masu zuba jari, kuma ya fallasa ga duniyar kasuwanci da kuɗi tun yana ƙarami. Mahaifin Rainwater, Sam, ɗan kasuwa ne mai nasara kuma mai saka hannun jari, wanda ya mallaki kamfanoni da yawa a yankin Fort Worth. Tun yana ƙarami, Rainwater ya fallasa ga duniyar kasuwanci da kuɗi daga mahaifinsa. Mahaifinsa ya fara ne a matsayin mai mallakar kasuwancin kayan abinci na jimla, mahaifiyarsa kuma magatakarda ce a JC Penney . Asalinsa ɗan Lebanon ne.  Rainwater ya kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Sakandare ta RL Paschal .  A shekarar 1962, an fara shi a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Kappa Sigma ta Tau a Jami'ar Texas da ke Austin kuma a shekarar 1966, ya kammala karatunsa da digiri a fannin lissafi.  A shekarar 1996, an karɓe shi a matsayin Kappa Sigma Man of the Year.  A shekarar 1968, ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci daga Makarantar Digiri ta Stanford . 

## Sana'a
Daga 1968 zuwa 1970, Rainwater ya yi aiki a Goldman Sachs . 

A shekarar 1970, Sid Bass, wani abokin karatunsa a Rainwater, ya gayyace shi, wanda a lokacin yana da shekaru 26, don ya kula da jarin dangin Bass. Daga 1970 zuwa Yuli 1986, Rainwater ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai ba da shawara kan zuba jari ga dangin Bass. An ba shi dala miliyan 5 don ya zuba jari a shekararsa ta farko kuma ya sami nasarar rasa komai. Daga nan sai Rainwater ya nemi dabarun saka hannun jari mafi tsari ta hanyar nazarin masu zuba jari ciki har da Warren Buffett, Benjamin Graham, da David Dodd .  Rainwater daga ƙarshe ya canza arzikin dangin Bass daga dala miliyan 50 zuwa dala biliyan 5, inda ya tara wa kansa dala miliyan 100 lokacin da ya fara saka hannun jari a shekarar 1986.  

A shekarar 1986, Rainwater ta haɗu da mai zuba jari Sid Bass don kafa kamfanin saka hannun jari na Bass Brothers Enterprises. Tare, sun yi saka hannun jari masu nasara, ciki har da hannun jari a Kamfanin Walt Disney. 

Nasarar saka hannun jarin ruwan sama ya sa ya sami suna a matsayin mai zuba jari mai hazaka da nasara, kuma ana yawan nemansa saboda ƙwarewa da shawarwarinsa. An san shi da iyawarsa ta gano kadarorin da ba su da daraja da kuma ƙirƙirar ƙima ta hanyar saka hannun jari mai kyau da tsare-tsare masu mahimmanci. 

Ɗaya daga cikin jarin da Rainwater ya fi samu nasara shine na mai da iskar gas. A shekarun 1980, ya sami hannun jari a kamfanin mai da iskar gas na dangin Bass, wanda daga baya ya sayar don samun riba mai yawa. Ya kuma zuba jari a wasu kamfanonin makamashi da dama, ciki har da Pennzoil da Diamond Offshore Drilling, kuma ya samar da riba mai yawa ga masu zuba jarinsa. 

Baya ga jarin da ya zuba a masana'antar mai da iskar gas, Rainwater ya kuma shiga harkar gidaje. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunkasa unguwar Las Colinas da ke Irving, Texas, kuma ya taimaka wajen mayar da yankin zuwa wani yanki mai bunƙasa na kasuwanci. Ya kuma shiga cikin ci gaban wasu ayyukan gidaje, ciki har da ginin ofishin Harbor Pointe da ke Dallas da Lincoln Plaza. 

## Zuba Jari
Manyan jarin da Rainwater ya zuba sun hada da:

* 1969 - Kamfanin Man Fetur na Janar na Amurka
* 1984 - A madadin iyalan Bass, Rainwater ta sami dala miliyan 400 lokacin da Texaco ta sake sayen hannun jari don guje wa karɓe hannun jari mai ƙarfi. 
* 1984 - A madadin iyalan Bass, Rainwater ya zuba jarin dala miliyan 478 a Kamfanin Walt Disney kuma ya ɗauki Michael Eisner aiki don ya mayar da kamfanin 
* 1986 - Ensco (wanda yanzu shine Valaris Limited ) 
* 1988 - HCA Healthcare 
* 1989 - Tare da Rusty Rose da George W. Bush, sun sayi Texas Rangers . Bush ya mayar da jarinsa na farko na dala $606,000 zuwa sama da dala miliyan 15. 
* 1989 - Na sayi kashi 20% na Kamfanin Staubach akan dala miliyan 1 
* 1992 - Mid Ocean Limited, mai samar da inshorar sake biyan kuɗi ga waɗanda suka ji rauni 
* 1994 - Crescent Real Estate, murabba'in ƙafa miliyan 15 na sararin ofis a Houston  
* 1996 - Ya mallaki ikon mallakar Mesa Petroleum. A shekarar 1997, bayan matar Rainwater ta kori T. Boone Pickens, kamfanin ya haɗu da Parker & Parsley don kafa Pioneer Natural Resources 
* A ƙarshen shekarun 1990 - Lokacin da ake cinikin mai a kan dala $12 a kowace ganga, ruwan sama ya zuba jarin dala miliyan 100 a hannun jarin makamashi da kuma dala miliyan 200 a cikin makomar mai. Ya ga kololuwar lamarin mai a matsayin damar saka hannun jari bayan ya karanta littafin *Beyond the Limits*, wani littafi na 1992 wanda ya yi cikakken bayani game da sakamakon karuwar yawan jama'a a duniya cikin sauri.   A lokacin rikicin kuɗi na Asiya na 1997, ruwan sama ya yi asarar dala miliyan 400 a takarda, wanda hakan ya sa ya sake karanta littafin. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Auren Rainwater na farko da masoyiyarsa Karen, wacce ta kammala a makarantar sakandare, ya ƙare da saki a watan Oktoban 1991, bayan shekaru 25. Sun haifi 'ya'ya uku: Matthew, Todd, da Courtney. 

A watan Disamba na shekarar 1991, watanni 2 bayan an kammala rabuwar aurensa, Rainwater ya auri mai kuɗi Darla Moore kuma ya ƙaura zuwa Manhattan.   A wannan lokacin, ya ɗauki hutun shekara guda.  A mafi yawan lokuta, yana zaune ba tare da matarsa ba. 

Ruwan sama sau da yawa yana ziyartar Canyon Ranch kuma yana mallakar wurin shakatawa ta hanyar Crescent Real Estate.   Ruwan sama yana da wani babban gida a Montecito, California .  Ya kuma zuba jari a Pebble Beach Golf Links tare da Clint Eastwood . 

Ruwan sama ya kasance mai son littafin *The Road Less Traveled*, wani littafi na ruhaniya na M. Scott Peck . 

Ruwan sama mutum ne mai son motsa jiki wanda ya kira kansa "mai son motsa jiki" kuma yana yin tseren marathon. Yana son wasannin mota kuma yana ɗaukar nauyin motoci a gasa.  Ya mallaki motar Chevrolet Camaro ta 1970 wacce aka yi wa ado da ita wanda abokinsa na ƙwararru zai yi tsere. 

George W. Bush ya zuba jari tare da Rainwater da Rainwater sun bayar da gudummawar dala 100,000 ga Bush don zaben gwamnan Texas na 1994.  An soki Bush saboda fifita manufofin da suka amfanar da jarin Rainwater.  Rainwater ya kuma bayar da gudummawar dala 100,000 ga yakin neman zaben gwamnan Florida na 2010 na Rick Scott, wanda ya kula da HCA Healthcare, wani babban jarin ruwan sama. 

A shekara ta 2009, an gano yana da cutar gurguwar jiki mai ci gaba, wadda za ta rage masa shekaru kaɗan. Ruwan sama ya kashe sama da dala miliyan 20 kan bincike don yaƙi da cutar. A shekara ta 2010, an ba shi lambar yabo ta Arbuckle a Jami'ar Stanford. Yayin karɓar kyautar, ya fara kuka, yana nuna tasirin cutarsa a kan motsin zuciyarsa. A wannan shekarar, ya bayyana a bainar jama'a na ƙarshe. A watan Maris na 2011, kotu ta ayyana shi a matsayin wanda ba shi da lafiya, kuma ƙaramin ɗansa, Matthew, ya zama mai kula da shi. Ruwan sama ya mutu a ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2015.

Kafin rasuwarsa, Rainwater ya bayar da gudummawar sama da dala miliyan 380 ga ƙungiyoyi da ke aiki don amfanin manyan makarantu, yara masu haɗarin kamuwa da cutar, da kuma bincike da ke da alaƙa da cutar jijiyoyi . Ya bar kusan dukkan kadarorinsa don ayyukan agaji, musamman ta hanyar Gidauniyar Jinƙai ta Rainwater.  A shekarar 2019, Rainwater Charitable ta ba da kyaututtukanta guda biyu na farko: ɗaya don yin kirkire-kirkire mai ban mamaki a binciken cututtukan jijiyoyi ga Dr. Michel Goedert (MRC, Cambridge, UK) da ɗaya don masanin kimiyya mai ƙirƙira a farkon aiki ga Dr. Patrick Hsu (Jami'ar California, Berkeley, Amurka).  Rainwater ya kuma bar dala miliyan 5 ga UT Austin don nazarin kiɗan Amurka.  Wasiyyarsa kuma ta ba da dala miliyan 60 ga matarsa, Darla Moore. 

## Lambobin yabo da girmamawa

* 1992 - Kyautar Zinare ta Kwalejin Nasara ta Amurka 
* 2010 - Kyautar Arbuckle ta Ƙungiyar Tsoffin Ɗaliban GSB ta 2010 

## Manazarta ta