Pepita Not

**Josefa "Pepita" Ba Bosch ba** (23 Nuwamba 1897 - 4 Yuni 1938) ' yar fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan Catalan ce. An haife ta a cikin dangin talakawa na manoma a lardin Lleida, iyalinta sun ƙaura zuwa Barcelona, inda aka tilasta mata yin aiki a matsayin mai kula da gida tun tana ƙarama. Ta shiga ƙungiyar 'yanci tare da ɗan tawayen da ke da'awar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam na Valencia Ricardo Sanz kuma ta taimaka masa ya ɓuya daga hannun 'yan sanda. A lokacin mulkin kama-karya na Miguel Primo de Rivera, Ba a yi safarar kuɗi, makamai da wasiƙu ga ƙungiyar masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam *ta Los Solidarios* ba. Bayan ayyana Jamhuriyar Spain ta Biyu, ta shiga fafutukar tallafawa fursunoni . Bayan barkewar Yaƙin Basasa na Spain, ta kamu da rashin lafiya mai tsanani yayin da take da juna biyu kuma ta mutu sakamakon cutar sankarar jini mai tsanani .

## Tarihin Rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Josefa "Pepita" Not Bosch a ƙauyen Catalan na Torregrossa, [ 1 ] a ranar 23 ga Nuwamba 1897. [1] An haife ta a cikin dangin talakawa manoma, [ 3 ] kuma ita ce ta biyu a cikin 'ya'ya bakwai. [1] Mahaifiyarta, Magdalena Bosch, ta mutu tun tana ƙarama. [1] Daga baya iyalanta suka ƙaura zuwa babban birnin Catalan na Barcelona . [ 5 ] Mahaifinta, Salvador Not, ya tilasta mata fara aiki tun tana ƙarama tana da shekaru 11. [ 6 ] Ta sami aiki a matsayin mai hidima da mai dafa abinci, [ 6 ] a gidan wani iyali mai arziki na Faransa a kan carrer de Balmes . Iyalin sun tilasta mata yin aiki na dogon lokaci ba tare da abinci ba, yayin da mahaifinta ke riƙe da mafi yawan albashinta, wanda hakan ya sa ta ƙi su duka biyun. [1]

### Ƙungiyoyin fafutuka
A ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, a farkon 1918, Ba ta haɗu da matashin ɗan ƙungiyar kwadago na Valencia Ricardo Sanz a wani bikin cin abinci ba, sai suka fara soyayya da sauri,  suka fara dangantaka tare. [ 8 ] Lokacin da yaƙin ya ƙare, Catalonia ta fuskanci rikicin tattalin arziki, wanda ya haifar da yajin aikin gama gari na Canadenca da kuma barkewar rikicin basasa, inda aka kashe wasu 'yan ƙungiyar kwadago da dama (ciki har da abokan Sanz).  Ta hanyar Sanz, Ba ta fara shiga cikin ƙungiyar 'yan adawa ta Spain ba. [ 10 ] A cikin waɗannan shekarun, ta fara aiki a gidan wani iyali na Argentina, wanda ya ba ta yanayi mafi kyau na aiki, gami da sa'o'i na lokacin hutu, wanda ya ba ta damar kusanci da Sanz. Ta ƙaura daga gidan danginta zuwa nata, inda aka yi mata maraba da kyau. Lokacin da aka kori Sanz a lokacin rikicin masana'antu, ya sami damar dogara da Not don tallafi. Yayin da rikicin basasa ya tsananta, Sanz ya shiga ƙungiyar 'yan tawaye kuma 'yan sanda suka nemi shi ba da daɗewa ba. Da taimakon Not da goyon bayansa, ya zama ɗan gudun hijira, yana ɓuya a garinsu.  Lokacin da ya koma Barcelona, Not ta rasa aikinta, domin ma'aikatanta sun koma Argentina kuma ta yanke shawarar ci gaba da zama tare da Sanz. Ta sami damar neman aiki a matsayin mai dafa abinci ga wani iyali mai arziki, yayin da Sanz ke aiki a wani kamfanin ƙarfe. Da kuɗin da suka samu daga tsohon ma'aikacin Sanz, sun yi musu kayan gida, kuma a shekarar 1922, sun shiga ƙungiyar 'yanci da juna. 

Bayan kafa mulkin kama-karya na Miguel Primo de Rivera, a watan Disamba na 1923, sabuwar gwamnatin ta kama Sanz ta kuma daure shi. Yayin da take da ciki da ɗansu na fari, ta ci gaba da aiki don tallafa wa iyalansu kuma ta kawo wa abokiyar zamanta da aka tsare abinci da tufafi masu tsafta sau biyu a mako. Ta haifi ɗansu, Floréal (wanda aka sanya wa suna bayan wata na biyu na bazara a kalandar Republican ta Faransa ), a Lleida a ranar 2 ga Afrilu 1924. Ta ci gaba da goyon bayan Sanz a lokacin shekaru biyar na ɗaurin kurkuku, duk da cewa an canza shi daga Barcelona zuwa gidajen yari daban-daban a faɗin ƙasar.  A wannan lokacin, ta shiga ƙungiyar masu fafutukar 'yan adawa *ta Los Solidarios*, [ 14 ] wadda Sanz ya kafa tare a 1922 don tsayayya da matsin lamba na siyasa a kan ƙungiyar 'yan adawa.  Not ba ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata kaɗan a cikin ƙungiyar ba, tare da Ramona Berni, Juliana López da  . [ 16 ] Ganin cewa 'yan sanda ba su san ta ba, ta sami damar yin aiki da ɗan 'yancin aiki.  Tare da Berni, ta haɓaka hanyar sadarwa da haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyar.  Ta yi yawo a faɗin ƙasar, tana safarar kuɗi da makamai ga ƙungiyar, kuma tana sarrafa wasiƙun su, waɗanda suka kai ta Aragon, Euskal Herria da Asturias, sannan ta koma Catalonia. [ 14 ] Yayin da take ci gaba da aiki da kula da iyalinta, ta gudanar da fafutukar ɓoye ga ƙungiyar, tana kula da hanyoyin sadarwa da kuma yaɗa farfagandar su a duk faɗin Barcelona. A wani lokaci, yayin da take da juna biyu, ta yi fasa-kwaurin pesetas miliyan ɗaya daga wani fashi da makami a Asturias zuwa Barcelona. 

Bayan faduwar mulkin kama-karya da kuma ayyana Jamhuriyar Spain ta Biyu a shekarar 1931, an ayyana afuwa ta gaba ɗaya, wadda ta bai wa membobin *Los Solidarios* da aka kora da kuma waɗanda aka tsare damar komawa rayuwarsu a Barcelona. Ba a yi sauri a tuntuɓi masu fafutukar da aka dawo da su da abokan hulɗarsu ba, kuma lokacin da Sanz ta koma birnin, suka ƙaura zuwa wani gida a El Poblenou .  Ba a lokacin ba ta shiga cikin fafutukar tallafawa fursunoni, tare da Rosario Dolcet da Llibertat Ródenas . [ 19 ] Ta damu don samun ingantattun yanayi ga fursunoni kuma ta ziyarce su don gano abin da suke buƙata, cikakkun bayanai game da abin da ta aika wa kwamitin tallafawa fursunoni da lauyoyinsu. A cewar Sanz, ta jagoranci wasu daga cikin "manyan ayyukan ƙungiyar", duk yayin da take ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai kula da gida .  Da barkewar Yaƙin Basasa na Spain a watan Yulin 1936, Not ta zauna a gida don kula da ɗanta da abokin tarayya, wanda ke aiki da kula da kafa ƙungiyoyin 'yan tawaye a farkon watannin yaƙin. Bayan mutuwar Buenaventura Durruti a watan Nuwamba na 1936, Sanz ya bar gida don ya karɓi ragamar jagorancin Gundumar Durruti (daga baya Rundunar 26 ), ya bar Not a baya, yana da ciki da ɗansu na biyu. Daga gidansu da ke Poblenou, Not ya taimaka wajen biyan buƙatun iyalan mayaƙan da suka yi yaƙi a ƙarƙashin Sanz. 

### Mutuwa
Cikin Not na biyu ya yi mata wahala, wanda hakan ya sa lafiyarta ta tabarbare. Yanayinta ya tsananta sakamakon hare-haren bama-bamai da ake kai wa birnin, wanda hakan ya tilasta mata neman mafaka a gidan wata kawarta da ke Cerdanyola del Vallès, inda ta bar ɗanta a Barcelona don kammala karatunsa na sakandare. Lokacin da ta haifi 'yarta, Violeta, a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1938, Not ta kamu da rashin lafiya mai tsanani. Sanz bai sami damar barin gaba don ziyartar sabuwar 'yarsa ko abokin zamansa da ke fama da rashin lafiya ba.  Bayan harin Aragon na Nationalists, Sanz ya koma Segre ya kuma ƙaura da iyalinsa zuwa birnin Solsona da ke kusa. Lafiyar Not ta ci gaba da tabarbarewa, wanda hakan ya tilasta mata komawa Barcelona don neman kulawar gaggawa. An gano tana da cutar sankarar jini mai tsanani kuma likitoci sun yi ƙoƙarin yi mata magani, amma ya makara. 

Pepita Not ta mutu sakamakon rashin lafiyarta a ranar 4 ga Yuni, 1938. [ 19 ] An buga labarin mutuwarta a washegari a cikin *Solidaridad Obrera* ta hannun Joan Garcia Oliver, wacce ta tuna da ita a matsayin mai kirki da aminci mai tsattsauran ra'ayi wanda ya "rayu ga wasu".  Da ƙarfe 11:00 na ranar 7 ga Yuni, an binne gawarta a Makabartar Montjuïc ; an yi jana'izarta tare da halartar masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da yawa, masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, jami'an siyasa da na soja, ciki har da Sanz.  Bayan mutuwar Not, Sanz ya bar Violeta a hannun Flora Barranco Garcia kuma ya aika Floréal zuwa gidan yara na Faransa yayin da yake ci gaba da yaƙi; Floréal zai mutu a Bonnac a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 1940. A ƙarshen yaƙin, Sanz ya gudu ya wuce kan iyaka da Violeta. Bayan mamayar Nazi a Faransa, an tsare Sanz a sansanin soja na Vernet sannan aka mayar da shi sansanin tsare mutane da ke Djelfa . Bayan ' yantar da Faransa, ya koma ƙasar, ya yi aure kuma ya haifi wasu 'ya'ya biyu tare da Josefina Martínez, kuma ya rubuta jerin littattafai game da yaƙin basasar. Ya mutu a ranar 25 ga Oktoba 1986. 

## Manazarta