open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Haldane Burgess

**James John (JJ) Haldane Burgess** (28 ga Mayu 1862 - 16 ga Janairu 1927)  masanin tarihin Shetland ne, mawaki, marubuci, violinist, masanin harshe da kuma ɗan gurguzu, sanannen adadi a tarihin al'adun Shetland. Ayyukan da ya buga sun haɗa da Rasmie's Büddie, Some Shetland Folk, Tang, The Treasure of Don Andreas, Rasmie'n Kit, Rasmie-s Smaa Murr, da The Viking Path, wanda aka fassara zuwa Jamusanci. Ya kasance daya daga cikin Shetlanders wanda ya ba da taimako ga Jakob Jakobsen a cikin bincikensa game da Harshen Norn a Shetland.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Burgess a ranar 28 ga Mayu 1862. Shi dan Lerwick ne, wanda kakansa ya bar Dunrossness a matsayin soja a Lokacin Napoleon kuma ya zauna a Edinburgh na ɗan lokaci kafin ya zauna a 'da toon' a matsayin mai sayar da kaya.

Haldane Burgess ta lashe matsayi na farko a Gasar Bursary ta Glasgow . Ya shafe shekaru hudu a matsayin malami a Bressay don biyan kuɗin karatun jami'a. Ya yi karatun allahntaka a Jami'ar Edinburgh, amma ya sami kansa cikin rashin jituwa da wasu koyarwar. Ya rasa idanunsa a shekarar karshe ta karatunsa,  ya dauki jarrabawarsa ta ƙarshe ta baki kuma ya koma Lerwick. Daga baya inganta ra'ayoyin gurguzu ya sa ya zama sananne kuma mai tsattsauran ra'ayi. Ya kasance babban mai goyon bayan ci gaban bikin Shetland Up Helly Aa .  Littafinsa na 1894 The Viking Path... ya kasance babban tasiri wajen kirkirar taken Viking na bikin Up Helly Aa . Burgess kuma ya rubuta Up Helly Aa Song (da farko an raira shi da sautin 'Jikin John Brown') wanda aka raira shi yayin konewar jirgin ruwa na Viking da kuma a cikin dakunan dakuna da makarantu a Shetland.

## Rubuce-rubuce
Ya kasance masanin harshe kuma zakara na Esperanto .  Ya ci gaba da sha'awar al'adun Norse kuma ya koya wa kansa Norwegian, daga baya ya ba da gudummawa ga mujallu a Norway. A rayuwarsa an fi saninsa da wani littafi mai suna The Viking Path - A Tale of The White Christ (1894), wanda aka kafa a Shetland da Norway a zuwan Kiristanci. Mafi sanannun aikinsa yanzu tabbas aya ce a cikin yaren, kamar yadda aka buga a cikin *Rasmie's Büddie: waƙoƙi a cikin Shetlandic* (1891), wanda aka sake bugawa a 1913, kuma daga baya a 1979 tare da zane-zane na Frank Walterson. Waƙar 'Scranna' tana ɗaya daga cikin sanannun Littattafan Shetland.

## Manazarta
Kadiatou Konaré

**Kadiatou Konaré** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1972) marubuciya ce 'yar ƙasar Mali, edita kuma 'yar siyasa, Ministar Al'adu, Sana'o'i da Yawon Buɗe Ido na ƙasar Mali tsakanin shekarun 2020 da 2021 a lokacin gwamnatin riƙon ƙwarya ta shugaba Bah Ndaw. Ita 'yar tsohon shugaban ƙasar Mali Alpha Oumar Konaré ce da uwargidan shugaban ƙasa Adame Ba Konaré.

A shekarar 2000, ta kafa gidan buga littattafai *na Cauris Livres*.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Konaré a shekarar 1972 a Warsaw, Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Poland, a matsayin 'yar Alpha Oumar Konaré da Adame Ba Konaré.  

Ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin gudanar da wallafe-wallafe daga Makarantar Kasuwanci ta ESCP ta Paris, kuma inda ta yi aikin horo a gidajen wallafe-wallafen Hachette Livre da Bayard Presse. Ta kuma yi horo a fannin kayan tarihi a Musée de la civilization da ke Quebec City, Kanada.

## Aiki
A shekara ta 2001, Konaré ta kafa gidan buga littattafai *na Cauris Livres*, wanda ya buga marubuta masu lambar yabo kamar Tierno Monénembo da Kidi Bebey, kuma a shekara ta 2006 ta zauna a Mali har abada. An kuma san gidan buga littattafai da tallata fitattun mutane na Afirka da ke da alaƙa da matasa da kuma labaran yara.  

Ta yi aiki tare da rubuta jagororin al'adu, yawon buɗe ido da fasaha kan Mali da sauran ƙasashe a yankin, sannan kuma ta kasance jakadiyar girmamawa na Haiti a Mali. 

Konaré kuma ƙwararriya ce a fannin tallata al'adu da kuma kare haƙƙin mata. A shekarar 2010, ta shirya *Nuit de Haïti* don girmama waɗanda girgizar ƙasa ta shafa a shekarar 2010, sannan ta tallata aikin *Mars des femmes, chronique d'une révolution malienne* (Maris of Women, Chronicle of a Malian Revolution), wanda Ramata Diaouré ya jagoranta. 

Bayan nasarar juyin mulkin 2020, an naɗa Kadiatou Konaré a matsayin ministar al'adu, sana'o'i da yawon buɗe ido ta gwamnatin riƙon ƙwarya ta Firayim Minista Moctar Ouane a ranar 6 ga watan Oktoba, 2020 kuma ta riƙe muƙaminta a lokacin sake fasalin ministoci a watan Mayu na shekarar 2021, har zuwa juyin mulkin 2021 da aka yi wa Shugaba Bah N'Daw da gwamnatin Ouane.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
A ranar 3 ga watan Maris, 2005 ta auri Tiébilé Dramé, wacce ta girme ta da shekaru 20, wacce ta haifi 'ya'ya 12 da ita. Ya rasu a ranar 12 ga watan Agusta, 2025. 

## Manazarta
Antonia Rodrigues

**Antónia Rodrigues** ( Aveiro, Portugal, 1572–1641), sojan Portugal ne kuma jarumar ƙasa. 

An haifi Antonia a tsohon cocin Sao Miguel de Aveiro kuma an yi mata baftisma a ranar 5 ga Janairu, 1572 a wani gidan talakawa na masunta, a wajen bangon birnin Aveiro. Ita 'yar Simao Rodrigues ce da Lianor Dias.  Mahaifinta ya mutu a shekara ta 1574 lokacin da take da shekaru 2, kuma a lokacin da take da shekaru 12, mahaifiyarta ta tilasta mata ta ƙaura zuwa Lisbon don zama tare da babbar 'yar uwarta da surukinta, waɗanda ba ta saba da su ba. Ba ta son aikinta na gida kuma tana faɗa da su kuma sau da yawa tana gudu daga gidansu. Da sha'awar tserewa, ta yi ado kamar namiji, ta aske gashinta, ta ɓoye kanta ta ɗauki sunan António Rodrigues, ta shiga cikin ma'aikatan jirgin a matsayin ɗan jirgin ruwa mai suna Nossa Senhora do Socorro, wanda ke ɗauke da alkama wanda ke kan hanyarsa ta zuwa yankin Mazagan na Portugal, a Morocco. 

Bayan ta isa Mazagan, ta shiga cikin rundunar sojojin ƙasa ta gida kuma ta sami ƙwarewa a fannin sarrafa makamai kuma ta sami jagorancin sojoji a kan mamayar Moors. Ta shahara da yaƙin neman zaɓen da ta yi da Moors kuma ta yi nasara a aikin soja kuma an san ta da "O Terror dos Mouros". Bayan ta ɓoye jikinta kuma ta guji duk wani ci gaba daga masu neman aure mata, Beatriz de Meneses, 'yar Diogo de Mendonca, ɗaya daga cikin manyan sarakunan da ke zaune a Mazagan, ta kamu da son "kyakkyawan Antonio Rodrigues", har Beatriz ta yi rashin lafiya kuma mahaifinta, Babban jarumin, ya nemi babban kyaftin ya tilasta wa auren. Antonia ta ji tsoron a gano ta, tunda ba al'ada ba ce a ƙi aure mai kyau, ta yarda cewa ta shafe kimanin shekaru 5 tana ɓoye jikinta don samun rayuwar da aka haramta wa mata. Ikirarin ya isa ga gwamnan kuma Antonia ta tilasta ta dawo a matsayin mace. A shekara ta 1603, ta auri abokiyar aikinta kuma Philip II na Portugal ya yi mata ado don hidima a kotunan Madrid a shekara ta 1619. Bayan mutuwar Philip a shekarar 1621, ta yi ritaya daga aiki kuma ta rayu rayuwar farar hula ba tare da an san ta ba a Portugal kuma ba a sake jin labarinta ba kuma ta mutu a kusan shekarar 1641.

## Manazarta
Helena Skirmunt

**Helena Skirmunt** (wani lokaci **Skirmuntt** ko **Skirmuntowa** ; Belarusian   ; 5 Nuwamba 1827 - 1 Fabrairu 1874) ta kasance mai zane da sassaka 'yar Poland . Yawancinta ta koyar da kanta ne duk da cewa ta yi karatu na ɗan lokaci a ƙarƙashin wasu mawakan Jamus da Italiya. Domin shiga cikin juyin juya halin Janairu, an koro ta zuwa cikin Rasha kuma ta shafe shekarunta na ƙarshe a Crimea . A matsayinta na mai zane, ta ƙirƙiri shimfidar wurare, hotuna, da gumakan addini; a matsayinta na mai sassaka, ta kammala lambobin yabo da dama na hotuna da ayyukan addini. A cikin shekarunta na ƙarshe, ta koma ga sassaka na tarihi tana samun wahayi daga tarihin tsohon Grand Duchy na Lithuania . 'Yarta Konstancija Skirmuntt sanannen masanin tarihi ne.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Skirmuntt a shekarar 1827 a  tsakanin Pinsk da Stolin a Belarus ta yanzu, a lokacin wani ɓangare na Daular Rasha . Iyalinta manyan mutane ne na gida waɗanda suka samo asali daga zuriyarsu zuwa ƙarni na 13.  Iyayenta su ne shugaban gundumar Pinsk, Aleksandr Skirmunt, da matarsa, Hortensja Orda, 'yar'uwar mai zane Napoleon Orda .  Tun tana ƙarama, Skirmunt ta nuna sha'awar zane. Ta sami ilimi a gida daga masu koyarwa masu zaman kansu, amma kuma ta yi karatu na tsawon watanni kaɗan a ƙarƙashin mai zane-zanen shimfidar wuri Wincenty Dmochowski a Vilnius . A shekara ta 1844, ta raka wani wanda ta sani zuwa Berlin, daga baya ta ziyarci Dresden da Paris don yin karatun fasahar yamma.  Ta ɗauki darussa tare da Wilhelm Krause da Carl Christian Vogel von Vogelstein .  A shekara ta 1848, ta auri Kazimierz Skirmunt (kawu na Raman Skirmunt )  wanda shi ma yana da sha'awar zane da sassaka. 

A shekara ta 1852, ta yi tafiya zuwa Vienna don yin maganin idanunta. A lokaci guda, ta yi karatun sassaka a ƙarƙashin Joseph Cesar . Ta kuma ziyarci Italiya (Roma, Milan, Florence, Naples) kuma ta ɗauki darussa tare da Pietro Galli da L. Amici. [1] Ta ƙirƙiri wasu ayyukan addini ga majami'u, amma wata mace mai zane da mai sassaka ta sami karbuwa da shakku. A shekara ta 1863, a lokacin juyin juya halin Janairu, an kama ta saboda ƙoƙarin isar da saƙo daga Janar Romuald Traugutt . An kai ta zuwa Jihar Tambov yayin da mijinta aka kai ta Jihar Kostroma . [2] An ba su izinin sake haɗuwa bayan shekara guda suka zauna a Kirsanov . A shekara ta 1867, an ba su izinin barin gudun hijira amma ba a ba su izinin zama a tsohuwar Grand Duchy ta Lithuania ba . Sun ƙaura zuwa Balaklava a Crimea inda surukinta ke da fili mai gonar inabi da wurin giya. [2] Shekarun Crimea sune lokacinta mafi amfani. Ta kamu da cutar diphtheria [3] kuma ta nemi magani a Amélie-les-Bains-Palalda da ke Faransa inda ta mutu a shekarar 1874. An kai gawarta aka binne ta a yankinta na asali. [2]

## Manazarta
Siege na Weinsberg

An yi **wa Weinsberg kawanya** a shekara ta 1140 a Weinsberg, a jihar Baden-Württemberg ta zamani, Jamus, wadda a lokacin take cikin Daular Romawa Mai Tsarki . Kawanya ta kasance wani gagarumin yaƙi tsakanin masarautu biyu, Welfs da Hohenstaufen . A karon farko Welfs sun canza kukan yaƙinsu daga " Kyrie Eleison " zuwa kukan jam'iyyarsu.   Hohenstaufen sun yi amfani da kukan yaƙin "Strike for Gibbelins ". &#x5B; ** &#x5D; 

A lokacin da Sarkin Roma Mai Tsarki Lothair na Uku (ko na Biyu) ya mutu a shekara ta 1137, Henry the Proud shine magajin dangin surukinsa da ya mutu, kuma mai kayan ado na sarauta. Ya tsaya takarar sarki, amma sarakunan yankin sun yi adawa da shi suka zabi Conrad na Uku, wani Hohenstaufen, a Frankfurt a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 1138. [1] Lokacin da Conrad ya ba wa Count Albert the Bear Duchy na Saxony, Saxons suka tashi tsaye don kare matashin yarimansu, kuma Count Welf na Altorf, ɗan'uwan Henry the Proud, ya fara yaƙin. [1]

Saboda takaicin da ya samu game da jarumtar tsaron Welfs, Conrad na uku ya yanke shawarar lalata Weinsberg da kuma daure masu kare shi.  Duk da haka ya dakatar da harin ƙarshe bayan an yi shawarwari kan mika wuya. A cewar littafin Latin *Chronica regia Coloniensis ,* wanda aka fara tattarawa a shekarun 1170, waɗannan sharuɗɗan sun ba wa matan birnin 'yancin barin duk abin da za su iya ɗauka:Shekarar Ubangijinmu ta 1140. Sarki [Conrad] ya kewaye birnin Duke Welf na Bavaria, wanda ake kira Weinsberg, kuma ya karɓi miƙa wuyansa, bayan ya ba wa mata da sauran matan da ke wurin izinin ɗaukar duk abin da za su iya ɗauka a kafaɗunsu. Da yake sun yi tunani game da amincinsu ga mazansu da kuma lafiyar sauran, sai suka yi watsi da kayansu na gida suka sauko suna ɗauke da mazan a kafaɗunsu. Lokacin da Duke Friedrich ya ce bai kamata irin waɗannan abubuwa su faru ba, sarkin, yana nuna goyon baya ga mayaudara na mata, ya ce ba zai dace a canza maganarsa ta sarauta ba. 

Wannan labarin biyayyar mata da wayo da suka yi wa mazajensu ya zama sananne a matsayin "Mata Masu Aminci na Weinsberg" ( *Treue Weiber von Weinsberg* ).  A yau, an san buraguzan ginin da  ("amincin mata") don tunawa da taron.

An yi amfani da fassarar musamman ta mata game da umarnin sarki a matsayin dabarar makirci a cikin fim ɗin zamani na labarin Cinderella *Ever After* (1998).

## Manazarta
Sibylle na Cleves

**Sibylle na Cleves** (17 Janairu 1512 &#x2013; 21 Fabrairu 1554) matar aure ce ta Saxony .

An haife ta a Düsseldorf,  ita ce babbar 'yar John III na Gidan La Marck, Duke na Jülich *jure uxoris*, Cleves, Berg *jure uxoris*, Count of Mark, wanda aka fi sani da de la Marck da Ravensberg *jure uxoris* (wanda aka fi sani da Duke na Cleves) wanda ya mutu a shekara ta 1538, da matarsa Maria, Duchess na Julich-Berg (1491–1543). Ƙananan 'yan'uwanta mata biyu ne, Anne (daga baya Sarauniyar Ingila) da Amalia, da kuma ɗan'uwa, William, wanda ya zama Duke na Jülich-Cleves-Berg .

## Rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta farko
An rene Sibylle da 'yan'uwanta mata a Frauenzimmer,  ɗakunan da Duchess Maria da 'yan uwanta mata suka zauna a wani wuri mai nisa. Ba a shigar da wani namiji sama da shekara goma sha biyu ba, kuma da dare ana kulle matan a ciki, wani amintaccen jami'in kotu yana riƙe da makullin. 

Ba kamar ɗan'uwanta William wanda yake da ilimi mai kyau ba, Sibylle da 'yan'uwanta mata an koya musu karatu da rubutu ne kawai, amma da Jamusanci kawai. In ba haka ba, sun koyi dinki, dinki, da sauran abubuwan da suka shafi gida,   amma ba buga kayan kida ko rawa ba. An san Sibylle tana jin daɗin buga wasan dara. 

### Aure
A watan Satumba na shekarar 1526, an yi wa Sibylle auren Yarima John Frederick na Saxony a Schloss Burg an der Wupper . Bayan doguwar tattaunawa game da sadakin aure, an yi bikin aure mai tsada, wanda aka yi kafin a yi wani gagarumin biki, a Torgau a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 1527. Sun haifi 'ya'ya maza huɗu.

Bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa a shekara ta 1532, Johann Friedrich ya zama mai zaɓen Saxony, Sibylle kuma mai zaɓen. Kamar mijinta, Sibylle ta kasance mai goyon bayan Gyaran. Justus Menius, mai gyara a Thuringian, ya keɓe mata madubai don sarakunan da ke rubuta *Oeconomia Christiana* .

Wasikun da aka yi tsakanin Sibylle da mijinta a lokacin da aka tsare shi sakamakon Yaƙin Schmalkaldic, sun nuna ma'aurata masu aminci da kusanci. A halin yanzu, a lokacin da aka yi wa Wittenberg kawanya, mai mulki ta kare birnin a lokacin da mijinta bai nan. Domin ceton matarsa da 'ya'yansa maza, da kuma hana lalata Wittenberg, John Frederick ya amince da mika wuya ga Wittenberg ya kuma yi murabus daga gwamnatin ƙasarsa don maye gurbin Maurice na Saxony .

## Mutuwa
A shekara ta 1552, bayan shekaru biyar na zaman bauta, an sake haɗa wanda aka kora da zaɓen tare da iyalinsa. Duk da haka, sake haɗuwar ba ta daɗe ba: a shekara ta 1554 Sibylle da Johan Frederick na ɗaya sun mutu cikin wata ɗaya da juna. An binne su a Cocin City na Weimar .

## Manazarta
Yona Markova

**Yona Markova** (kimanin 1855–1923), soja ce kuma jarumar yaƙi ta Bulgaria . [1] Ta shahara a matsayin jarumar yaƙi yayin da ta yi aiki a matsayin sojan Bulgaria a lokacin Yaƙin Serbo-Bulgaria tana yin kwalliya a matsayin namiji. An yi mata ado da lambobin yabo guda biyu na soja saboda jarumtaka a yaƙi.

## Manazarta
Maria Wittek

**Maria Wittek** ( *sunan* "Mira", "Pani Maria"; 16 ga Agusta 1899 - 19 Afrilu 1997) shugabar sojojin Poland ce wacce ta yi aiki a rundunar sojojin Poland da ƙungiyoyi masu alaƙa tun tana da shekaru 18, kuma bayan ta yi ritaya, a shekarar 1991 ta zama mace ta farko 'yar Poland da aka ɗaukaka zuwa brigadier-janar .

## Ayyuka na farko
An haifi Maria Wittek kuma ta girma a cikin ɓangaren Rasha na Poland . Mahaifinta, Stanisław Wittek, masassaƙi, memba ne na Jam'iyyar Socialist Party (PPS) kuma ya koma tare da iyalinsa zuwa Ukraine a 1915 don kauce wa kama shi da hukumomin Rasha. Maria yayin da take makarantar sakandare ta shiga rundunar 'yan kallo ta Poland a Kiev. Daga nan sai ta zama daliba mace ta farko a sashen lissafi na Jami'ar Kiev . A lokaci guda ta shiga kungiyar Polska Organizacja Wojskowa (Kungiyar Sojojin Poland) - kuma ta kammala karatun horar da NCO. A shekara ta 1919 ta shiga ƙungiyar sojojin Poland da ke yaƙi da Bolsheviks a Ukraine. Sa'an nan a cikin 1920 a matsayin memba na Mata masu sa kai ta yi yaƙi a yaƙin Lwów (yanzu Lviv) kuma an ba ta lambar yabo mafi girma ta Poland Virtuti Militari a karon farko.

## Tsakanin yaƙe-yaƙe
Daga 1928 zuwa 1934 ta kasance kwamandan Przysposobienie Wojskowe Kobiet - ƙungiyar horar da mata don aikin soja. A shekara ta 1935 an nada ta shugabar ƙungiyar mata a Cibiyar Ilimi ta Jiki da Horar da Soja a Bielany, kusa da Warsaw .

## A Yaƙin Duniya na II
A lokacin mamayewar Poland (1939) ta kasance kwamandan rundunar mata ta mata. A watan Oktoba 1939 ta shiga kungiyar ZWZ ta karkashin kasa wacce daga baya ta zama Sojojin Gida. Ta kasance shugabar Ayyukan Sojojin Mata a kan ma'aikatan Janar Grot-Rowecki kuma daga baya Janar Bor-Komorowski . Ta yi yaƙi a cikin Warsaw Uprising kuma an ɗaukaka ta a matsayin Lieutenant Colonel. Bayan capitulation ta guji zama fursuna daga Jamusawa kuma ta bar rushewar Warsaw tsakanin fararen hula. Ta ci gaba a matsayin ma'aikatanta na Home Army har zuwa rushewarta a watan Janairun 1945.

## Bayan yakin
Lokacin da gwamnatin kwaminisanci ta Poland ta sake buɗe Cibiyar Ilimi ta Jiki da Horar da Soja, da farko ta koma matsayinta na baya a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar mata. Koyaya, a cikin 1949 hukumomin kwaminisanci sun kama ta kuma ta yi watanni da yawa a kurkuku. Bayan an sake ta ta ta yi aiki a cikin jaridar jarida. Ta fara kafa "Kwamitin Tarihin Mata". Bayan rushewar mulkin kwaminisanci a Poland, Shugaba Lech Wałęsa ya nada ta Brigadier Janar a ranar 2 ga Mayu, 1991. Ta haka ne ta zama mace ta farko ta Poland da ta kai matsayin janar. Ba ta taɓa yin aure ba.

A ranar 19 ga Afrilu 2007, ranar tunawa da mutuwarta ta 10 an kaddamar da wani abin tunawa na tagulla mai girman gaske a Gidan Tarihin Sojojin Poland a Warsaw.

## Kyaututtuka

* Gicciye na Azurfa na Virtuti Militari, - sau biyu
* Gicciye na Independence tare da Swords, (*Krzyż Niepodległości*) 
* Gicciye na Ƙarfin (*Krzyż Walecznych*) 
* Warsaw Cross na tashin hankali

## Dubi kuma

* Wanda Gertz
* Jerin 'yan Poland
* Halszka Wasilewska (soja) 
* Elżbieta Zawacka

## Manazarta
Mariya Wittner

**Mária Wittner** ( *Gazdagh-Wittner;* 9 Yuni 1937 - 14 Satumba 2022)   ɗan juyin-juya halin Hungary ne kuma ɗan siyasa wanda ya shiga cikin juyin juya halin Hungary na 1956 .

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Wittner a Budapest a ranar 9 ga Yuni 1937. Ba ta san mahaifinta ba kuma mahaifiyarta ta tura ta ga nuns. A lokacin da take da shekaru biyu, an tura ta zuwa wani masallacin Karmelite. A shekara ta 1948, ta sadu da mahaifiyarta, wacce ba da daɗewa ba ta tura ta wurin kula da gwamnati. Ta dakatar da karatun sakandare kuma ta fara aiki a matsayin mai buga takardu da marubuci a Szolnok da kuma Majalisar gundumar Kiskunhegyes . Ta haifi ɗa a shekara ta 1955 kuma, bayan rabin shekara, ta koma Budapest. A halin yanzu ta yi wasu ayyuka.

## Juyin juya halin 1956 da sakamakonsa
Wittner ya shiga cikin zanga-zangar a ranar 23 ga Oktoba 1956 kuma ya shiga cikin masu juyin juya hali a lokacin da aka kewaye ginin Magyar Radio . Ta sadu da Katalin Havrila, kuma a cikin kwanaki masu zuwa, tare suka taimaka wajen samar da wadanda suka ji rauni. Daga baya, ta zama memba na ƙungiyar adawa ta titin Vajdahunyad kuma tare da abokinta sun mamaye ofishin 'yan sanda na gundumar goma don neman makamai a ranar 30 ga Oktoba 1956. An ji mata rauni ta hanyar shrapnel a Üllői út a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba a lokacin mamayar Soviet. 

An kula da Wittner a asibitin jihar Péterfy Sándor. Ta yi ƙoƙari ta tsere daga ƙasar da aka mamaye amma an kama ta. An yi mata tambayoyi sannan aka sake ta sannan ta sake ƙoƙarin tserewa daga kasar kuma ta kwashe 'yan makonni a Austria. Daga nan, ta koma Hungary kuma ta fara aiki a matsayin ma'aikaci mara ƙwarewa. An kama Wittner a ranar 16 ga Yuli 1957 kuma an yanke masa hukuncin kisa a ranar 23 ga Yuli 1958. Kotun daukaka kara ta biyu ta canza hukuncin zuwa ɗaurin rai da rai a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu 1959. An sake ta daga kurkuku a ranar 25 ga Maris 1970. [1]

Da farko ta yi aiki a cikin dakin mai gyaran tufafi sannan daga baya a matsayin mai tsabta. Tun daga shekara ta 1980, ta kasance mai fansho na nakasassu. Bayan ƙarshen kwaminisanci, ta kasance mai aiki sosai a cikin aikin kungiyoyi daban-daban na juyin juya halin 1956. An ba ta lambar yabo ta Grand Cross Order of Merit na Jamhuriyar Hungary a shekarar 1991.

## Ayyukan siyasa
An zabi Wittner a matsayin memba na majalisar daga Fidesz National List a zaben 2006 da 2010. Ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Ayyuka da Ayyuka tsakanin 30 ga Mayu 2006 da 13 ga Mayu 2010. An nada ta memba na Kwamitin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam, Ƙananan, Harkokin Jama'a da Addini a ranar 14 ga Mayu 2010. 

## Manazarta
Sirma Voyvoda

**Sirma Voyvoda** (1776–1864) 'yar ƙasar Bulgaria ce (mace mai faɗa ba bisa ƙa'ida ba). [1] Ta ɓoye a matsayin namiji, ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar 'yan daba a ƙasar Ottoman Vardar Macedonia tsakanin 1791 da 1813. A shekarar 1856/1857, a matsayinta na mace mai shekaru 80, malamar Bulgaria Dimitar Miladinov ta haɗu da ita a Prilep. [2] A cikin tarin waƙoƙin Bulgarian Folk Songs, ' yan'uwan Miladinov sun yi waƙar Sirma Voyvoda. [3] Dangane da bayanin da Dimitar Miladinov ya bari a ƙarƙashin wannan waƙa mai lamba 212, wadda ke nufin Sirma Vojvoda, ta auri wata 'yar ƙasar Bulgaria Mijak daga Krushevo . [4] Turkawa ne suka kashe ta a shekarar 1864. An san Sirma Voyvoda a matsayin jarumar ƙasa mai kishin ƙasa a yankin da a yau ake kira Arewacin Macedonia . [5]

## Manazarta
Ailke Westerhof

**Ailke Westerhof** ( Leens, 27 Afrilu 1876 - Leens, 4 Satumba 1946) ma'aikaciyar jinya ce 'yar ƙasar Holland wadda ta yi aiki a Red Cross a lokacin Yaƙin Balkan da Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Westerhof a Leens, Groningen, 'yar maƙera Ebel Westerhof da Itje de Vries. Daga 1912 zuwa 1919, ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a lokacin Yaƙin Balkan da kuma lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya a Hungary da Serbia. A ƙarƙashin likita Arius van Tienhovenhe, ta kula da marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar typhus a Valjevo . Daga baya, an ɗauke ta aiki a Amsterdamse Vrijwillige Burgerwacht kuma a matsayin malamar Red Cross a Amsterdam . A 1924, an naɗa ta Knight a cikin Order of Orange-Nassau . [1] A 1935, Gimbiya Juliana ta ba ta lambar yabo ta Florence Nightingale . [2] Ta kuma sami kyaututtuka da dama a Serbia saboda aikinta, kamar Cross of Mercy da lambar yabo ta jarumtaka. [3] Ta mutu a watan Satumba na 1946 a garinsu, Leens, tana da shekaru 70.

Ailke Westerhof ta mutu a gidan da aka haife ta. Gidan da aka gina a ciki da kuma inda iyayenta da 'yan'uwanta ke aiki yanzu ya zama abin tarihi na ƙasa. An yi barazanar rushe shi, amma an fara gyara shi a shekarar 1975, kuma an sake sanya wa titin suna 'Zuster A. Westerhofstraat'.  An zana hotonta a shekarar 1924 ta hannun mai zane Bart Peizel . 

## Manazarta
Eva X Moberg

**Eva X Moberg** (13 ga Mayu 1962 - 4 ga Mayu 1999) 'yar jarida ce 'yar ƙasar Sweden kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam . Ita ce babbar edita ta mujallar 'yan adawa ta *Brand*, ta shirya wani "Gungun 'Yan Kwadago" zuwa birnin Tuzla da aka kewaye a lokacin Yaƙin Bosnia kuma ta rubuta wani shafi ga jaridar *[[Aftonbladet]]* . A cikin shekarun ƙarshe na rayuwarta, ta kamu da cutar kansa, wanda ta rubuta a bainar jama'a don ɓata sunan cutar.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Eva X Moberg a shekarar 1962, [ 1 ] 'yar Ingemar Moberg.  Ta zauna a Hägersten, wani yanki na Stockholm .  A shekarun 1980, ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ta Sweden, inda ta zauna a kan Folkungagatan da kuma gyara *Brand*, wanda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mujallu mafi tasiri na adawa da al'adu na ƙarshen shekarun 1980 da farkon shekarun 1990. Kwarewarta wajen gyara mujallar ya sa ta zama 'yar jarida, tana ba da gudummawa ga jaridar *[[Aftonbladet]]* ta yau da kullun. 

Bayan barkewar Yaƙin Bosnia, birnin Tuzla ya sami kansa a ƙarƙashin kawanya daga Republik Srpska, wanda ya hana abinci da mai shiga birnin.  A watan Disamba na 1993, Moberg ya jagoranci wani kamfen na ƙungiyar agajin ma'aikata ta duniya (IWA) don jigilar kayayyaki zuwa Tuzla,  ya shirya "Taron Ma'aikata" ( Swedish   ) ) tare da taimakon ƙungiyoyin kwadago daga ƙasashe daban-daban. [ 7 ] Sun fuskanci cikas cikin gaggawa na gudanarwa, yayin da ƙungiyoyin NGO na Sweden suka dage cewa IWA ta sauke kayanta a ma'ajiyar UNHCR "kamar kowa". Sun ƙi, domin suna son yin hulɗa kai tsaye da mutanen da za su karɓi kayan.  Moberg ya yi tafiya zuwa Tuzla sau da yawa,  daga baya ya ba da rahoton cewa IWA ta shirya jerin gwanon kayayyaki 30 a lokacin yaƙin.  A wannan lokacin, ta rubuta wani shafi ga *Aftonbladet*, inda ta bayyana halin da ake ciki a Bosnia ga masu karatu na Sweden kuma ta ɗaga martabar IWA a cikin wannan tsari.  A ƙarshen Yaƙin Yugoslavia, kasancewar IWA a Tuzla ta ƙare. 

A shekarar 1995, Moberg ta gyara fitowarta ta ƙarshe ta Brand ; ta miƙa mujallar ga matasan marubutan 'yan gurguzu. A cikin rubutunta, ta nuna goyon baya ga ƙaruwar ƙungiyar masu adawa da mulkin kama-karya kuma ta soki cin zarafin 'yan sanda a lokacin zanga-zangar siyasa . [1] A lokacin bazara na 1996, Moberg ta fara lura cewa jikinta yana fama da rashin motsa jiki. Ba da daɗewa ba, an gano tana da cutar kansar mama. Ta yanke shawarar rubuta wa Aftonbladet game da abubuwan da ta fuskanta da cutar kansa, tana fatan kawar da tattaunawa game da cutar da kuma taimaka wa wasu ta hanyar maganinsu. Don rahotanninta, a watan Disamba na 1998, ta sami Vilhelm Moberg scholarship [sv] . ; kuma a watan Afrilun 1999, ƙungiyar kula da cutar kansa ta Sweden ta karrama ta. [1] A wannan lokacin, ta gamsu cewa ta shawo kan cutar. [1]

A ranar 4 ga Mayu, 1999, Eva X Moberg ta mutu sakamakon cutar kansa, tana da shekaru 36. [ 12 ] Kalmominta na ƙarshe su ne "Ina son ku duka. Rayuwa mai ban mamaki ce."  Ɗaruruwan mutane ne suka halarci jana'izar tunawa da ita a Stockholm. [ 12 ]

## Manazarta
Hotunan fim na Charlize Theron

Charlize Theron 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Afirka ta Kudu da Amurka kuma mai shirya fim dinta wanda ya fara fitowa a matsayin mai bin wata ƙungiya a fim din ban tsoro na 1995 Children of the Corn III: Urban Harvest .  Theron ya biyo bayan wannan tare da bayyanar a matsayin budurwa a cikin 2 Days in the Valley,  mai ba da abinci a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya Trial and Error (1997),  da kuma wata mace da ke fama da wahayin aljanu a cikin ban mamaki mai ban mamaki The Devil's Advocate (1997) tare da Keanu Reeves da Al Pacino.  Ta bayyana a cikin fiction mai ban tsoro na kimiyya The Astronaut's Wife tare da Johnny Depp, da Lasse Hallström's The Cider House Rules (duka a cikin 1999). Don hotonta na mai kisan gilla Aileen Wuornos a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na aikata laifuka *Monster* (2003), Theron ta sami lambar yabo ta Kwalejin don 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau,  lambar yabo ta Golden Globe don 'yar fim mafi kyau a cikin fim din motsi - Drama,  da kuma lambar yabo ta Screen Actors Guild don Kyakkyawan Ayyuka ta Mata a Matsayin Jagora.  A shekara mai zuwa, ta buga wasan kwaikwayo na Sweden Britt Ekland a cikin fim din tarihin rayuwa The Life and Death of Peter Sellers .

Theron ya taka rawar mai kisan gilla a cikin fim din fiction na kimiyya Æon Flux, [1] da kuma mai hakar ma'adinai da ke yaki da cin zarafin jima'i a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Arewacin Kasar (duka biyu a cikin 2005). [2] Matsayin na ƙarshe ya ba ta gabatarwa don 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau a Academy Awards da BAFTAs. [3][4] A cikin wannan shekarar, ta bayyana Æon Flux a cikin wasan bidiyo na wasan bidiyo wanda ta sami kyautar Mafi Kyawun Mata a Spike Video Game Awards.[5] Shekaru uku bayan haka, Theron ya fito a fim din superhero Hancock tare da Will Smith . Fim din ya samu sama da dala miliyan 624 a ofishin jakadancin duniya.[6] Ta sami gabatarwa don lambar yabo ta Golden Globe don 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau - Motion Picture Comedy ko Musical saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin marubuciyar mashayi a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Young Adult (2011). [7][8] A shekara mai zuwa, Theron ya bayyana a cikin fim din Snow White da Huntsman da fim din fiction na kimiyya na Ridley Scott Prometheus . A shekara ta 2015, ta buga Imperator Furiosa a cikin George Miller's Mad Max: Fury Road . [9] Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Theron ta bayyana a matsayin mai aikata laifuka Cipher a cikin fim din The Fate of the Furious (2017), rawar da za ta sake bugawa a F9 (2021), Fast X (2023), da Fast X: Sashe na 2 (2027). [10] Theron ya biyo bayan wannan tare da shahararrun wasan kwaikwayo a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Tully (2018), wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya Long Shot (2019), da wasan kwaikwayo na tarihin Bombshell (2019), wanda ya fi dacewa ya ba ta lambar yabo ta Kwalejin ta uku.[11]

## Fim din

## Manazarta
Cartimandua

**Cartimandua** ko **Cartismandua** (ya yi sarauta  ) sarauniya ce ta ƙarni na farko ta Brigantes, wani ƙabilar Romano-Britain da ke zaune a yankin arewacin Ingila a yanzu. An san ta da rubuce-rubucen masanin tarihin Romawa Tacitus .

Ta hau mulki a lokacin da Roma ke yaƙi da Birtaniya . Ta kasance mai tasiri sosai a lokacin mulkinta. A matsayinta na mai mulkin Brigantes, ta haɗa ƙabilun Birtaniya daban-daban waɗanda daga ƙarshe suka miƙa wuya ga Roma .

An yi wa Cartimandua kallon wani abin mamaki a cikin labarin Tacitus game da ita. An rubuta cewa ta ci amanar babban sarki Caratacus, ta ba shi mafaka ba tare da da'a ba, amma ta miƙa shi ga Romawa don neman arziki. An kuma rubuta cewa ta saki matar aurenta ta maye gurbinsa da wani soja na yau da kullun. Daga baya ta shiga cikin wani rikici na soja mai tsawo da tsohuwar matar aurenta yayin da yake tayar da zaune tsaye a kanta sau da yawa, kuma daga ƙarshe ta sha kashi a hannunsa.

## Tarihi
Ko da yake Tacitus ya fara ambaton Cartimandua a shekara ta 51 AD, mulkinta a kan Brigantes ya riga ya kafu ne lokacin da sarkin Roma Claudius ya fara mamaye Birtaniya a shekara ta 43: tana iya zama ɗaya daga cikin "sarakuna" goma sha ɗaya waɗanda babban jarumin Claudius ya ce sun miƙa wuya ba tare da yaƙi ba.  Idan ba haka ba, wataƙila ta hau mulki bayan wani tawaye na wani ɓangare na Brigantes ya sha kaye a hannun Publius Ostorius Scapula a shekara ta 48. 

Kasancewarta 'yar "haihuwa mai daraja", a cewar Tacitus,  Cartimandua wataƙila ta gaji ikonta, domin ba ta bayyana ta samu ta hanyar aure ba.  Tacitus ya bayyana ta da mijinta na farko, Venutius a matsayin masu biyayya ga Roma kuma "sun kare su da hannunmu na [Romawa]".

Sunanta na iya zama wani abu da ya samo asali daga tushen Celtic na gama gari **carti-* "chase, expel, send"  da **mandu-* "pony". 

### Cin Amana na Caratacus
A shekara ta 51, jagoran adawa na Birtaniya Caratacus ya nemi mafaka a hannun Cartimandua bayan Ostorius Scapula ya kayar da shi a Wales, amma Cartimandua ya mika shi ga Romawa a cikin sarka.  A cewar Tacitus:*"Daga baya ta ƙarfafa ƙarfinta lokacin da aka yaba mata da kama Sarki Caratacus ta hanyar cin amana, don haka ta yi ado don nasarar Claudius Kaisar. Daga nan ne arzikinta ya fito da kuma ruhin da nasara ke haifarwa."* 

## Manazarta
Hush WAACs

**Hush WAACs** ƙungiya ce ta mata 'yan Birtaniya goma sha bakwai waɗanda suka yi aiki a sahun gaba a matsayin masu karya dokokin sirri a Faransa a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya . Bayan yaƙin, biyu sun ci gaba da aiki a kan karya dokokin sirri na diflomasiyya don MI1b .  Duk da cewa mata sun riga sun fara aiki a matsayin masu karya dokokin sirri a Ɗaki na 40 da MI1b, Hush WAACs su ne kawai mata da suka yi aiki a matsayin masu karya dokokin sirri a sahun gaba a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya. 

## Tarihi
A shekarar 1917, Sojojin Birtaniya a Faransa ba su da isassun ma'aikata, kuma an nemi membobin Rundunar Mata Masu Taimakon Sojojin Mata da su yi aikin sa-kai don aikin sa-kai na layin gaba wajen tallafawa ayyuka.   An gano mata shida a matsayin waɗanda za su iya tallafawa aikin karya lambar layin gaba na I(e)C a Saint-Omer a arewacin Faransa, kuma sun isa can a ranar 28 ga Satumba 1917. Ba a gaya musu aikin da za su yi ba.   

Bayan lokaci, waɗannan mata shida na asali sun haɗu da wasu mata uku waɗanda suka ga yanayin ya yi musu wahala suka koma Ingila. Tsakanin 1917 da ƙarshen yaƙin a watan Nuwamba 1918, jimillar mata goma sha bakwai aka tura su aiki a cikin ƙungiyar I(e)C. [1] Yawanci akwai mata kusan 12 a cikin ƙungiyar a kowane lokaci. [1] [2] [3] Suna tsakanin shekaru 22 zuwa 55, kuma duk sun yi aikin sa kai don aikin gaba. Dukansu suna da matsakaicin matsayi ko na sama, kuma suna jin Jamusanci. [4]

Daga Satumba 1917 zuwa Afrilu 1918, sashin karya lambar yana da hedikwata a Saint-Omer a arewacin Faransa.  Da zarar wurin ya zama mara aminci, an mayar da sashin zuwa Paris Plage a bakin tekun Normandy. 

Da farko, Hush WAACs sun goyi bayan mazan da ke karya dokokin Jamus, ta hanyar yin aiki don fassara tsarin da aka sani da kuma gina littattafai na sassan kalmomin da aka sani.  Zuwa Disamba 1917, wasu daga cikin matan suna ba da nasu shawarwari kan yiwuwar abubuwan da ke cikin saƙonnin ɓoye.  Haka kuma, a wasu lokutan, za su kasance masu kula da ƙungiyoyin karya dokokin. 

Wani jami'i ya yi magana game da matan ga manema labarai, yana kiransu da "Masu Husuma WAACs".  Wani labari da aka fallasa a cikin *jaridar Daily Mail* ya kira su "allolin sirri". 

## Manazarta
Sarauniya Gwendolen

**Gwendolen**, wanda aka fi sani da *Gwendolin*, ko *Gwendolyn* (Latin: Guendoloēna) ya kasance sarki mai tatsuniya na tsohuwar Birtaniya .

Kamar yadda Geoffrey na Monmouth ya faɗa a cikin tarihinsa *na Historia Regum Britanniae*, ita ce sarauniyar Sarki Locrinus da aka ƙi amincewa da ita har sai da ta kayar da mijinta a yaƙi a Kogin Stour . Wannan kogin shine layin raba tsakanin Cornwall da Loegria, wurare biyu masu mahimmanci a tsohuwar Burtaniya. Bayan ta kayar da sarkin, ta karɓi jagorancin Birtaniya, ta zama sarauniyarsu ta farko da ta yi mulki .

## Rayuwa
A cewar Geoffrey na Monmouth, Gwendolen ɗaya ce daga cikin 'ya'yan Corineus, sarkin Cornwall, kuma ɗaya daga cikin jaruman Brutus. Gwendolen ta auri Locrinus, babban ɗan sarki Brutus, kuma tana da ɗa mai suna Maddan .  Bayan mutuwar mahaifinta Corineus, Locrinus ya sake ta don maye gurbin uwar gidansa 'yar Jamus, Estrildis (wanda ya riga ya haifi 'ya mace mai suna Habren ). Daga nan Gwendolen ta gudu zuwa Cornwall, inda ta zauna na tsawon shekaru. Bayan ta gina babbar runduna, ta yaƙi tsohon mijinta, Sarki Locrinus. A wani yaƙi kusa da Kogin Stour, an kashe Locrinus. Daga nan Gwendolen ta hau gadon sarauta ta yi mulki da kanta, kamar yadda mahaifinta ya yi mulki a Cornwall. Bayan da uwar gidan mijinta, Estrildis, da 'yarta, Habren, suka nutse a Kogin Severn (Tsohon Welsh: Habren), tsohuwar sarkin Birtaniya ta yi mulki cikin lumana na tsawon shekaru goma sha biyar. Daga nan ta yi murabus don kare ɗanta kuma ta ci gaba da rayuwa a Cornwall. 

## Gado
Littafin Tarihi Britanniae ya ce a lokacin mutuwarta Samuel ne alkali a Yahudiya, Aeneas Silvius ne ke mulkin Alba Longa, kuma Homer ta shahara a Girka. An ambaci ta a cikin waƙar Spenser mai suna The Faerie Queene (1590) a matsayin Gwendolene, kuma ta bayyana a cikin rubuce-rubucen tatsuniyoyi na William Blake a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ' Ya'yan Albion goma sha biyu. A ƙarni na 20, masu sukar mata sun ambaci ta a matsayin misali na wata mace mai ƙarfi da ke warkar da Birtaniya da ta karye da mulkinta. [1]

## Manazarta
Cordelia na Burtaniya

**Cordelia** (ko **Cordeilla** ) Sarauniya ce ta Burtaniya, kamar yadda Geoffrey na Monmouth ya ruwaito. Ta hau mulki a shekara ta 855 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa. 

Ita ce ƙaramar 'yar Leir kuma sarauniya ta biyu mai mulki a Birtaniya kafin zamanin Romawa . Babu wata shaida ta tarihi mai zaman kanta da ke nuna wanzuwarta. A al'adance ana danganta ta da ƙaramin hali Creiddylad daga al'adar Welsh, amma masana sun yi shakku kan wannan asalin.

## Tatsuniya

Cordelia ita ce 'yar Leir da ta fi so, kasancewar ƙanwarsa ga Goneril da Regan . Lokacin da Leir ya yanke shawarar raba masarautarsa tsakanin 'ya'yansa mata da mazajensu, Cordelia ta ƙi yi masa godiya. A martanin da ya mayar, Leir ya ƙi ta kowace ƙasa a Birtaniya ko kuma albarkar kowane miji. Duk da haka, Aganippus, sarkin Franks, ya yi mata soyayya, kuma Leir ya ba da auren amma ya hana shi duk wani sadaki . Ta ƙaura zuwa fadar sarauta a Karitia a Gaul kuma ta zauna a can tsawon shekaru da yawa. 

An kori Leir daga Birtaniya kuma ya gudu zuwa Cordelia a Gaul, yana neman a mayar masa da gadon sarautarsa wanda mazan sauran 'ya'yansa mata suka kwace. Ta tara sojoji ta mamaye Birtaniya, ta kayar da sarakunan da ke mulki ta kuma dawo da Leir. Bayan mutuwar Leir shekaru uku bayan haka, mijin Cordelia Aganippus ya mutu, kuma ta koma Birtaniya aka naɗa ta sarauniya. 

Cordelia ta yi mulki cikin lumana na tsawon shekaru biyar har sai da 'ya'yan 'yan'uwanta mata, Cunedagus da Marganus, suka girma. Yayin da sarakunan Cornwall da Albany, bi da bi, sun raina mulkin mace lokacin da suka yi iƙirarin cewa za su yi mulki. Sun tara sojoji suka yi yaƙi da Cordelia, wadda ta yi yaƙi da kanta a yaƙe-yaƙe da yawa. 'Yan'uwanta maza suka kama ta suka tsare ta. Cikin baƙin cikinta, ta kashe kanta. Cunedagus ya gaje ta a masarautar Birtaniya a ƙasashen kudu maso yammacin Humber . Marganus ya mulki yankin arewa maso gabashin Humber. Yaƙin basasa ya ɓarke tsakaninsu jim kaɗan bayan haka, [1] inda aka kayar da Marganus aka kuma kashe shi.

## Manazarta
Judith Anderson

**Dame Frances Margaret Anderson** (10 Fabrairu 1897 - 3 Janairu 1992), wacce aka fi sani da **Judith Anderson**, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Australiya wacce ta sami nasara a mataki, fim, da talabijin. 

Wata sananniyar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a zamaninta, ta lashe lambar yabo ta Emmy sau biyu da lambar yabo ta Tony, kuma an zabi ta don Kyautar Grammy da lambar yabo na Kwalejin.

Frances Margaret Anderson was born in 1897 in Adelaide, South Australia, the youngest of four children born to Jessie Margaret (née Saltmarsh; 19 October 1862 – 24 November 1950), a former nurse, and Scottish-born James Anderson Anderson, a sharebroker and pioneering prospector.

Ta halarci makarantar masu zaman kansu, Norwood, inda karatunta ta ƙare kafin kammala karatunta.

## Ayyuka

### Ayyuka na farko
Ta fara aikinta na farko (a matsayin Francee Anderson) a 1915, tana wasa da Stephanie a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Royal, Sydney, a cikin A Royal Divorce . Wanda ke jagorantar kamfanin shine ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Scotland Julius Knight, wanda daga baya ta yaba da kafa harsashin ƙwarewarta.[1] Ta bayyana tare da shi a cikin gyare-gyare na The Scarlet Pimpernel, The Three Musketeers, Monsieur Beacauire, da David Garrick . A shekara ta 1917, ta zagaya New Zealand.[2]

### Shekaru na farko a Amurka
Anderson yana da burin kuma yana so ya bar Ostiraliya. Yawancin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na cikin gida sun tafi London, amma yaƙin ya sa wannan ya zama da wahala, don haka ta yanke shawarar Amurka. Ta yi tafiya zuwa California, amma ba ta yi nasara ba har tsawon watanni huɗu, sannan ta koma New York, tare da rashin nasara.

Bayan wani lokaci na talauci da rashin lafiya, ta sami aiki tare da Kamfanin Emma Bunting Stock a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Fourteenth Street a cikin 1918-19. Daga nan sai ta yi tafiya tare da wasu kamfanonin hannun jari.

## Manazarta
Helen Leune

**Hélène Vitivilia Leune** ( Constantinople – 18 ga Mayu 1940, Vitry-le-François ), wanda kuma aka sani da sunan alkalami **Lène Candilly**, marubuciya ce 'yar asalin Girka, matafiyi, mai ba da rahoto game da yaƙi, kuma ma'aikaciyar jinya ta Red Cross mai kyau.

## Rayuwar farko

Hélène Vitivilia 'yar Girka ce daga Constantinople .   Ta yi karatu a sashen tarihi a Sorbonne da ke Paris kuma ta kammala karatunta a 1909. Wataƙila a can ne ta haɗu da mijinta na gaba, Jean Victor Charles Edmond Leune, wanda ya kammala karatunsa daga wannan sashen a 1912.  A ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, 1911, Vitivilia ta auri Leune a Paris, a zauren garin da ke da hedikwata ta 16e a birnin Paris. 

Leune matafiyi ce mai ƙarfin hali a tsawon rayuwarta. Misali, ta ziyarci Athens da Kérassunde ( Giresun ), Turkiyya a shekarar 1911.  

## Wakilin Yaƙi (Yaƙin Balkan na Farko)
Jean da Hélène Leune sun yi tafiya zuwa Balkans inda aka tura shi a matsayin ɗan jarida (babban ɗan jarida) na jaridar Paris L'Illustration a lokacin Yaƙin Balkan na Farko a 1912–1913. Hélène kuma wakiliya ce a l'Illustration da le Figaro . [1] An ambace ta a cikin labarai da littattafai har zuwa 1919 a matsayin "Mrs. Leune," "Mrs. Jean Leune", ko "Mrs. Hélène Leune." Ma'auratan sun isa Girka a tsakiyar Oktoba 1912 don ba da labarin yaƙin da ke gabatowa. Bayan sun zauna na ɗan lokaci a Athens, sun bar wannan birnin a ranar 27 ga Oktoba don Larissa ta bi Sojojin Girka . Bayan Sojojin Girka sun kama Thessaloniki, Hélène da mijinta sun yi tafiya zuwa Preveza don bin Sojojin Epirus . [2] Sojojin Leunes sun isa Preveza a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba 1912. [3] Sun raka Sojojin Girka a fagen daga a cikin yakin neman zabe daban-daban, kuma labaransu da hotunansu da yawa sun ba da shaida mai haske game da jarumtaka, tsoro da wahalar wannan yakin daga mahangar mayaka da fararen hula.

Duk Leunes sun ba da gudummawa ga babi a cikin littafin *Dans les Balkans, 1912–1913. : récits et visions de guerre*, waɗanda ke bayyana abubuwan da suka faru a lokacin yaƙi.

Leune aboki ne kuma ɗan ƙasar Eleftherios Venizelos . 

## Manazarta
Sarah Broom Macnaughtan

**Sarah Broom Macnaughtan** (26 Oktoba 1864 - 24 Yuli 1916) marubuciya ce 'yar ƙasar Scotland. Da barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, ta yi aikin sa kai tare da Ƙungiyar Red Cross kuma aka tura ta zuwa Rasha, sannan Armenia. Ta rubuta abubuwa da yawa game da halin da 'yan gudun hijira ke ciki sakamakon kisan kiyashin Armeniya . Ta mutu sakamakon rashin lafiya da ta samu a lokacin da take ƙasar waje.

## Rayuwa
An haife ta a Partick, Scotland, 'ya ta huɗu kuma ɗa ta shida ga Peter Macnaughtan da Julia Blackman,   mahaifinta ne ya yi mata karatu a gida.  Bayan rasuwar iyayenta, ta ƙaura zuwa Kent a Ingila, sannan ta koma Landan.  A can ta fara aikin rubutu da littafinta na farko, *Selah Harrison*, wanda aka buga a 1898. Littattafan da ta fi shahara su ne *The Fortune of Christina M'Nab* (1901), *A Lame Dog's Diary* (1905), da *The Expensive Miss Du Cane* (1900). 

A halin yanzu ta yi tafiya zuwa Kanada, Kudancin Amurka, Afirka ta Kudu, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Indiya, da sauran wurare.  Sarah ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar mata ta zaɓe, ta taimaka wa waɗanda yaƙin Balkan ya shafa a shekarun 1912 da 1913, ta yi ayyukan jin daɗin jama'a ga matalauta a Gabashin London kuma ta yi aiki a Red Cross a Yaƙin Boer na Biyu . 

Da barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, ta yi aikin sa kai tare da Ƙungiyar Red Cross .  A watan Satumba na 1914 ta yi tafiya zuwa Antwerp, Belgium, a matsayin wani ɓangare na sashin motar asibiti.  Bayan kwashe mutanen birnin, ta ba da taimako a arewacin Faransa,  ta buɗe wurin dafa abinci na miya a Adinkerke .  Saboda aikinta da aka yi a Belgium, ta sami Order of Leopold . 

Daga baya a yaƙin ta ƙaura zuwa Rasha, tana shirin ba da taimakon likita. Ta ƙaura zuwa Yerevan, Armeniya, inda aka sami rikicin 'yan gudun hijira bayan kisan kare dangi na Armeniya . Macnaughtan ta ba da rahoton cewa Yerevan, mai yawan jama'a 30,000, tana da 'yan gudun hijira kusan 17,000. Ta lura a cikin littafin tarihinta: "Waɗannan mutanen da ba su da daɗi an kusan halaka su ta hanyar kisan kiyashi, kuma an bayyana a hukumance cewa kashi 75 cikin 100 na dukkan kabilun an kashe su da takobi." [1]

Duk da haka, ta yi rashin lafiya a lokacin da ta yi tafiya ta ƙasar Farisa  kuma dole ta koma Ingila, inda ta mutu sakamakon rashin lafiyar.  An binne ta a filin iyali da ke Chart Sutton . 

Wani littafi da ba a kammala ba nata ya zama tushen wani littafi mai suna *My Canadian Memories*, wanda ƙawarta Beatrice Home ta kammala kuma aka buga a shekarar 1920.  An sanya wa Macnaughton [sic] Road da ke Leaside, wanda yanzu wani ɓangare ne na Toronto, suna saboda ayyukanta na rubutu. 

## Manazarta
Draginja Babić

**Draginja Babić** (3 Oktoba 1886 - 24 Janairu/6 Fabrairu 1915) likita ce 'yar ƙasar Serbia wadda ta yi aiki a Asibitin Valjevo a lokacin Yaƙin Balkan da Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya . Ta karɓi Order of St. Sava .

## Shekarun farko da ilimi
An haifi Draginja Babić a Valjevo, 3 ga Oktoba, 1886, cikin dangin 'yan kasuwa, Janko Babić da Jelena Jelka (née Mišković ko Mitrović.   Mahaifinta shi ne shugaban karamar hukumar Valjevo, 1892–1893, kamar yadda ɗan'uwanta, Marko Babić, yake a lokacin kafin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. Ɗan'uwanta, Jovan Babić, farfesa ne a fannin harshen Serbia kuma marubuci, kuma 'yar'uwarta, Marija (mahaifiyar suna, Tadić), ƙwararren mai harhada magunguna ne. 

A Valjevo, Babić ta kammala karatun firamare da na ƙananan makarantun motsa jiki. A Belgrade, ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar motsa jiki ta Third Belgrade a shekarar 1905. Ta fara karatun likitanci a Jami'ar Zurich a shekarar 1906.  inda ta kasance malamar ƙaramar hukumar Valjevo, ta ci gaba da karatunta daga 1908/09 a Berlin kuma ta kammala karatunta a watan Disamba na 1911. Ita ce mace ta farko 'yar Serbia da ta kammala karatun likitanci a Jami'ar Berlin,  tana da shekaru 25. Babić ta zama likita a lokacin da likitoci mata a Serbia ba kasafai ake samun su ba. Saboda ita ɗaliba ce mai kyau, malaman jami'ar suna son ci gaba da karatun Babić a Jami'ar Berlin, amma ta yanke shawarar komawa Serbia. 

## Sana'a
Babić ta fara aikinta a Valjevo a matsayin mataimakiyar likita a Asibitin Gundumar, sannan ta ci jarrabawar jiha kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin likita a gundumar. A lokacin Yaƙin Balkan, ta yi aiki a matsayin darekta kuma ita ce kawai likita a Asibitin Sojojin Valjevo.  A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, ta kuma yi aiki a Valjevo a matsayin likita. A lokacin yaƙe-yaƙen Balkan, ta yi aiki a matsayin manajan asibitin ajiyar kuɗi. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, bayan wargajewar sojojin Austro-Hungary a 1914, ta janye tare da sojojin Serbia zuwa Pirot inda ta kasance manajan Asibitin Gundumar. 

Bayan Yaƙin Kolubara, Babić ya koma Valjevo. A wancan lokacin, an sami babban annoba ta zazzabin Typhoid a Serbia sakamakon hulɗa da sojojin Austro-Hungary. A asibitin Valjevo, lamarin ya kasance mai wahala musamman, kuma ɗaruruwan mutane suna mutuwa kowace rana. A lokacin da kowa ke guduwa daga Valjevo, Babić ta koma garinsu don taimaka wa marasa lafiya. A can ta sadaukar da kanta don amfanin wasu, ita kanta tana fama da zazzabin Typhoid. [1]

An yi wa Babić ado da Order of St. Sava a shekarar 1913. Ta mutu a Valjevo tsakanin 24 ga Janairu da 6 ga Fabrairu, 1915. Mahaifinta ya mutu bayan kwana uku. Babić yana cikin ma'aikatan lafiya na farko da aka kashe a Valjevo. Likitoci Pavle Vojteh da Selimir Đorđević, da kuma wata ma'aikaciyar jinya mai sa kai, Nadežda Petrović, wacce ita ma mai zane ce, ita ma ta mutu sakamakon cutar typhoid a tsakanin 1914-15.  

## Manazarta
Rayna Kasabova

**Rayna Kasabova** ( Cyrillic : *Райна Касабова* ; 1 ga Mayu 1897, a Karlovo - 25 ga Mayu 1969) ma'aikaciyar jinya ce mai sa kai kuma mace ta farko a duniya da ta shiga jirgin soja a lokacin Yaƙin Balkan na Farko a 1912.   A ranar 30 ga Oktoba 1912, tana da shekaru 15, Kasabova ta kasance mai lura a cikin jirgin Voisin wanda ya tashi sama da wuraren abokan gaba a Edirne . Kasabova ta jefar da takaddun farfaganda na yaren Turkiyya . 

Ana kiran Kasabova Glacier a bakin tekun Davis a Graham Land a yankin Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica da sunan Rayna Kasabova. [1] Akwai wata hanyar sadarwa mai suna Rayna Kasabova a Bulgaria [2] kusa da filin jirgin saman Sofia .

## Manazarta
Jasmina Hostert

**Jasmina Hostert** ( *an* **haife** ta a ranar 3 ga Disamba, 1982) 'yar siyasa ce ta Jamus wadda asalinta ɗan asalin Bosnia ne. Ita mamba ce a Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ta Jamus .

## Rayuwar farko
An haife ta ne a Sarajevo, babban birnin Bosnia da Herzegovina . A farkon Yaƙin Bosnia, ta ji mummunan rauni sakamakon wani gurneti a watan Oktoban 1992, wanda ya sa ta rasa hannunta na dama. 

Ta gudu zuwa Jamus tare da mahaifinta, kuma ta kammala karatunta a Jami'ar Bonn .

A shekarar 2014, ta sami takardar zama ɗan ƙasar Jamus .

## Farkon aikina
Hostert ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Kwamitin Gasar Olympics ta Ƙasa na Jamus a shekarar 2019. 

## Aikin siyasa
A zaɓen tarayya na Jamus na 2017, Hostert ta tsaya takarar mazabar Böblingen . Ta tsaya takara a wannan mazabar a 2021 kuma ta zo ta biyu amma an zaɓe ta a majalisar Bundestag a jerin jihohi. Ita da Adis Ahmetovic, wacce ita ma 'yar jam'iyyar SPD ce, za su zama 'yan majalisar dokoki na farko 'yan asalin Bosnia. [1]

A majalisar dokoki, Hostert ya kasance a kwamitin kula da harkokin iyali, tsofaffi, mata da matasa da kuma kwamitin wasanni. 

Baya ga ayyukan kwamitinta, Hostert wani ɓangare ne na Ƙungiyar Abokantaka ta Majalisar Dokokin Jamus don Hulɗa da Jihohin Arewa na Adriatic. 

## Manazarta