Virunga (fim)

**Virunga** fim ne na Burtaniya na 2014 wanda Orlando von Einsiedel ya jagoranta. Yana mai da hankali kan aikin kiyayewa na masu kula da wurin shakatawa a cikin Gidan shakatawa na Virunga na Kongo a lokacin tashiwar tashin hankali na M23 a cikin 2012 kuma yana bincika aikin kamfanin mai na Burtaniya Soco International a cikin Gidauniyar Tarihin Duniya ta UNESCO. [1] Soco International ta ƙare a hukumance tana bincika damar mai a Virunga a watan Afrilun 2014. [2] Fim din ya fara ne a bikin fina-finai na Tribeca a ranar 17 ga Afrilu 2014. Bayan watsawa a kan Netflix, an zabi shi don Kyautar Kwalejin don Mafi Kyawun Bayani.

## Bayani game da shi
Shirin ya ba da labarin haruffa huɗu da ke gwagwarmaya don kare Virunga National Park a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, gida ga Gorillas na dutse na ƙarshe a duniya, daga yaƙi, farauta, da barazanar binciken mai. Bayan mai kula da gorilla André Bauma, mai kula da sashen tsakiya Rodrigue Mugaruka Katembo, babban mai kula da Emmanuel de Merode, da kuma ɗan jaridar bincike na Faransa Mélanie Gouby, fim din yana mai da hankali kan kyawawan dabi'u da bambancin halittu na Virunga, da kuma matsalolin siyasa da tattalin arziki masu rikitarwa da ke kewaye da binciken mai da rikice-rikicen makamai a yankin.

## Fitarwa
An fara samarwa a shekarar 2012, lokacin da von Einsiedel ya yi tafiya zuwa Virunga National Park a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo tare da niyyar yin rikodin ci gaba mai kyau wanda hukumomin wurin shakatawa suka yi wajen karfafa yawon bude ido da ci gaba a yankin. Koyaya, a cikin makonni uku na isa Virunga, rikici ya fara ne da tawaye na M23 a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2012,  yana canza mayar da hankali ga fim ɗin don rufe rikici mai tasowa.

Von Einsiedel ya yi aiki tare da jami'an wurin shakatawa da ɗan jaridar Faransa Mélanie Gouby don bincika rawar da kamfanin mai na Burtaniya Soco International ke takawa, wanda ke gudanar da ayyukan a yankin. Fim din da aka yi a ɓoye ya nuna wakilan Soco suna ba da cin hanci ga masu kula da wurin shakatawa.

Soco International ta musanta zarge-zargen da aka yi a cikin shirin.

## Saki
Virunga ta fara fitowa a duniya a bikin fina-finai na Tribeca a Birnin New York a ranar 17 ga Afrilu 2014. Farko na fim din ya zo ne kawai kwana biyu bayan babban mai kula da filin shakatawa na Virunga, Emmanuel de Merode, ya harbe shi da 'yan bindiga da ba a san su ba a kan hanyar daga birnin Goma zuwa hedkwatar wurin shakatawa a Rumangabo . [1] De Merode ya tsira daga harin kuma firaministan Virunga ya ci gaba daga baya.

An nuna fim din a bukukuwan fina-finai da yawa a duniya, gami da bukukuwan Kanada Hot Docs da DOXA; Docville a Leuven, Belgium; a Amurka a Little Rock Film Festival a Arkansas, Mountainfilm a Colorado, AFI Docs a Washington DC, Traverse City Film Festival a Michigan. Farkon fim din na Burtaniya ya kasance a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Edinburgh a ranar 24 ga Yuni 2014. 

A ranar 28 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2014, an ba da sanarwar cewa Netflix ta karɓi haƙƙin mallaka ga fim ɗin. An saki shirin ne a kan sabis ɗin a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba a wannan shekarar. A ranar 23 ga Yuni 2020 an ba da sanarwar cewa Barry Jenkins zai rubuta fim din *Virunga*, kuma Leonardo DiCaprio zai samar da shi.

## Karɓar baƙi

### Karɓar karɓa mai mahimmanci

*Virunga* ta sami yabo na duniya daga masu sukar. A kan Rotten Tomatoes, fim din yana da ƙimar 100% bisa ga sake dubawa 21 tare da matsakaicin ƙimar 9.09/10. Shafin yanar gizon ya karanta "*Virunga* yana ba da haske mai ban sha'awa game da abubuwan al'ajabi na halitta waɗanda ke da rauni ga zalunci na haɗama - da kuma mutanen da ke ba da rayukansu don kare su". Metacritic, wani mai tarawa, ya ba fim din matsakaicin matsakaicin maki na 95 daga cikin 100 bisa ga sake dubawa 5 daga masu sukar al'ada, yana nuna "girmamawa ta duniya". A halin yanzu yana daya daga cikin fina-finai mafi girma a shafin.

Jeannette Catsoulis, a rubuce ga The New York Times, ta kira fim din "mai ban mamaki",  yayin da mai sukar fim din *[[Los Angeles Times]]* Sheri Linden ya bayyana Virunga a matsayin "ra'ayin bincike na gaggawa da wasan kwaikwayo da ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba... aikin tausayi mai ban tsoro da kuma damuwa mai dakatar da zuciya".  Ronnie Scheib ya rubuta wa Variety cewa *Virunga* wani "wani fim ne mai ban mamaki" tare da "isassun aiki, tausayi, tashin hankali, masu cin zarafi, jarumawa masu ƙarfi da gorillas masu haɗari don fina-finai da yawa". Tom Roston ya rubuta wa shafin yanar gizon PBS na POV cewa "Virunga shine mafi kyawun shirin da na gani a wannan shekara".

### Kyaututtuka
Virunga ta lashe kyaututtuka da yawa ciki har da Kyautar Peabody; [1] Kyautar Kyautar Kyaututtuka a bikin DOXA a Vancouver, Kanada; Kyautar Mai Fim na Duniya a Hot Docs a Toronto; Kyautar Kyauta ta Golden Rock a bikin Fim na Little Rock; da Kyautar Action and Change Together (ACT Now) a bikin Finai na Crested Butte . Ya lashe gongs guda biyu a One World Media Awards a BAFTA - Mafi kyawun Bayani, da kuma Kyautar Rahoton Cin Hanci da rashawa. An kuma zabi fim din don Mafi kyawun Bayani a Bikin Fim na Tribeca . An zabi fim din ne don Kyautar Kwalejin don Kyautar Kyautattun Bayanai don Kyautar Academy ta 87.

## Tasirin
Zargin da aka kawo wa Soco International ta hanyar shirin, kuma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da kungiyoyin farar hula da ke aiki a ciki da kewayen wurin shakatawa na Virunga, sun kara matsin lamba ga kamfanin don kawo karshen bincikensa na mai a cikin Gidan Tarihin Duniya mai kariya.

A ranar 11 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2014, Soco International da WWF sun ba da sanarwar hadin gwiwa inda kamfanin mai ya yi alkawarin "ba za a gudanar ko ba da umarni ga wani bincike ko wani hakowa a cikin Virunga National Park sai dai idan UNESCO da gwamnatin DRC sun yarda cewa irin waɗannan ayyukan ba su dace da matsayin Tarihin Duniya ba".[1] An ambaci wannan a matsayin nasara ga WWF, wanda ya daɗe yana kamfen don Soco ya bar yankin, kuma an ba da yabo ga masu shirya fina-finai. Koyaya, masu shirya fina-finai sun nuna damuwa mai ƙarfi game da amincin wannan yarjejeniyar, tare da wasu kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu kamar Global Witness, [2] Human Rights Watch, [3] da kungiyoyin farar hula na gida.

Shugabannin Asusun Kula da namun daji na Duniya yanzu sun yarda cewa yakin da aka yi a kan Virunga bai gama ba. Har yanzu Soco bai bar izinin aiki ba ko kuma ya yi janyewa ba tare da wani sharadi ba. "Suna barin ƙofar a buɗe", in ji Zach Abraham, darektan kamfen ɗin duniya na Asusun Kula da namun daji.

A ranar 13 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2015, BBC ta ruwaito cewa Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo ta ce za ta iya sake zana iyakokin Virunga National Park, don ba da damar binciken mai.

A ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 2015, Soco ta ce ba ta da wani gungume a cikin lasisin bincike na wurin shakatawa na DRC.

## Manazarta