Canyon na Chicamocha

Chicamocha Canyon-(Mutanen Espanya: Cañón del Chicamocha) wani dutse ne mai tsawo wanda Kogin Chicamocha ya zana a Colombia . Tare da matsakaicin zurfin mita 2,000 (6,600 , yanki na hekta 108,000 (270,000 acres) da tsawon kilomita 227 (141 , canyon shine na biyu mafi Giron a duniya. Kogin yana cikin sassan Boyacá da Santander, daga Soatá a kudu maso gabas zuwa Girón da Betulia a arewa maso yamma.

Canyon babban abin jan hankali ne ga masu yawon buɗe ido a kusan kilomita 55 (34  daga babban birnin Santander, Bucaramanga kuma kusa da wurin baya San Gil. Hanyar Ƙasa ta 45A, da ke haɗa Bogotá da Bucaramanga, tsakanin San Gil da Piedecuesta ta haye kwarin kuma tana ba da abubuwan gani masu ban sha'awa a bangarorin biyu na Kogin Chicamocha. Jirgin mota mai nauyi ta hanyar canyon, tare da haɗari akai-akai da ƙuntataccen damar shiga na iya haifar da rikice-rikice na dogon lokaci. A halin yanzu ana gudanar da kwarin ne ta hanyar Chicamocha National Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional del Chicamocha, PANACHI). Chicamocha Canyon ya fara samuwa a farkon Oligocene, lokacin da Colombia ke fuskantar wani lokaci mai aiki na tectonically na Orogeny na Andean. An sanya Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta a lokacin Eocene kuma raguwar farantin Caribbean da Coiba ya haifar da hauhawa a Gabashin Gabas. Canjin yanayi na Oligocene, tare da yanayin sanyaya na duniya gaba ɗaya, haɓakawa mai ƙarfi da canzawa da ƙuntataccen yanayin yanayi ya haifar da kafa farkon Chicamocha Canyon. Ci gaba da haɓaka a cikin Miocene ya kawo mafi girma da mafi girma don kwandon ruwa na Kogin Chicamocha. A cikin Pleistocene, a kudancin kudancin kusa da Soatá, an kafa wani paleolake, Tafkin Soatá wanda aka kafa, wanda ke zaune da giwa mai kama da *Notiomastodon* (wanda aka bayyana a matsayin *Haplomastodon waringi* wanda aka samo a cikin Soatá Formation a cikin canyon).

Canyon yana daya daga cikin dukiyar Colombia.

A shekara ta 2009, an riga an zaɓi canyon don zaben abubuwan al'ajabi na halitta guda 7. A ƙarshe, kogin Chicamocha ya kasance a cikin Top 77 na abubuwan ban mamaki na halitta.

Tun daga shekara ta 2013, ana gudanar da wasannin gudanarwa na shekara-shekara, Chicamocha Canyon Race, a kusa da canyon.

## Magana
Sunan Chicamocha a cikin harshen Guane na Muisca yana nufin " zaren azurfa a kan cikakken wata dare a cikin tsaunuka".

## Bayyanawa

Chicamocha Canyon yana da tsawon kilomita 227 (141 ,  ya shimfiɗa sama da hekta 108,000 (270,000 acres),  da matsakaicin zurfin mita 2,000 (6,600 , yana mai da shi na biyu mafi girma a duniya.  An kafa canyon a cikin wani lokaci tun kimanin shekaru miliyan 30 da suka gabata. Yankin kudancin kusa da Soatá, ya ƙunshi paleolake na Pleistocene, Tafkin Soatá . A cikin Soatá Formation, an sami burbushin wannan lokacin. A halin yanzu ana gudanar da canyon ta wurin shakatawa na Chicamocha.

Canyon shine sakamakon rushewar da Kogin Chicamocha ya haifar, wanda dakarun rushewa suka haifar da tsaunuka masu zurfi a bangarorin biyu. Chicamocha Canyon ya fara ne kusa da garin Soata a cikin Sashen Boyacá kuma yana gudana galibi ta hanyar Santander, yana kaiwa duk hanyar zuwa garin Lebrija. Wannan fasalin ƙasa ya samo asali ne daga motsi na faranti na tectonic wanda ya shimfiɗa daga Chicamocha Canyon zuwa wasu yankuna kamar Bucaramanga. Kudancin Zapatoca, Kogin Chicamocha da Kogin Suárez sun samar da Kogin Sogamoso .  Kogin yana wakiltar iyakar kudancin Mesa de Los Santos, wani yanki mai cike da girgizar ƙasa da aka sani da Bucaramanga Nest . 

Yanayin yanayi a cikin mafi girman sassan canyon kusa da Soatá yana da sanyi da zafi, yana canzawa zuwa yanayin bushe da zafi kusa da Capitanejo. Yankunan da suka fi ƙasƙanci a arewa maso yamma a kusan mita 900 (3,000 tsawo suna da yanayin da ya fi bushewa da zafi.bShuke-shuke na canyon arewacin San Gil na busassun gandun daji ne

Yankin Chicamocha Canyon kafin mamayar Mutanen Espanya ya kasance mazaunin Guane.

Chicamocha Canyon ya ratsa tsarin Precambrian zuwa zamanin Pleistocene. A cikin ɓangaren kudu maso gabas, Tsarin Soatá ya zama ƙaramin ɓangaren ilimin ƙasa, wanda aka ajiye a cikin tuddai da ke kewaye da Tafkin Soatá. Tafkin Soatá mai yiwuwa yana kusa da zurfin mita 400 (1,300 . Paleolake ya kasance kusan kilomita 30 (19  tsawo kuma mafi faɗin tsakanin Soatá da Boavita a kilomita 7 (4.3 .  Abubuwan burbushin *Haplomastodon waringi*, *Neochoerus sp.* da kuma *[[Odocoileus salinae|salinae]]*" Odocoileus cf.  An samo salinae a nan. Abubuwan burbushin halittu sun ragu.

Yankunan canyon suna dauke da fitowar Wata Neoproterozoic Bucaramanga Gneiss, jerin Cambro-Ordovician na Late Cambrian Chicamocha Schist, mai suna bayan canyon, da San Pedro Phyllites. Wannan jerin an kira shi 'Silgará Formation'.  Bayan wani hutu, wanda ya dace da ilimin ƙasa na Colombia wanda ya shafi Silurian, Tsarin Devonian Floresta ya rufe ɓangaren Lower Paleozoic. Tsarin Jurassic Pescadero Quartzmonzonite, Jordán, da San Gil, da Cretaceous Tibú-Mercedes, Aguardiente, Capacho, La Luna, Paja, Rosablanca, da El Tambor Formations sun fi dacewa da maye gurbin Paleozoic.

Kusa da Jordán, Las Cruces-Curití, Los Santos da Aratoca Faults sun ratsa kuma sun samar daga canyon,  a kusa da Curití, Bucaramanga-Santa Marta Fault ya yanke canyon kuma kusa da Covarachía Chicamocha Fault ya zama alamar canyon. 

Kusa da Barichara a gefen canyon, ana hakar gypsum.
Fayil:Cañonrio.JPG|Chicamocha River
Fayil:Cañónteleférico.JPG|Chicamocha National Park cable car
Fayil:Vegetacionfaunachicamocha.JPG|Fauna 
Fayil:Rio_Chicamocha_on_PANACHI_01.JPG
Fayil:Cañon_del_Chicamocha.jpeg


### Yanayi

## Manazarta