open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Gidan shakatawa na Calilegua

**Gidan shakatawa na Calilegua** (Spanish) yanki ne mai kariya ta tarayya a Lardin Jujuy, Argentina . An kafa shi a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 1979, kuma shi ne mafi girman yanki mai kariya a Argentina wanda aka sadaukar don kiyaye gandun daji na tsaunuka masu zafi da aka sani da Kudancin Andean Yungas .  Wadannan Yungas, (wanda aka fi sani da gandun daji na Tucumano-Oranense) yankuna ne na canji tsakanin tsaunukan Andes da gandun dajin gabashin.

Located at the Ledesma Department on the eastern slopes of the Calilegua hills, with an area of , It is the largest national park in the Argentine Northwest.

## Tarihi
Da farko, yankin Calilegua National Park ya mamaye kungiyoyin 'yan asalin da mazauninsu ke cikin ƙananan tuddai kusa da wuraren noma. Abubuwan tarihi da wuraren da aka samo a cikin wurin shakatawa, kamar su tukwane iri-iri da gatari na dutse, suna da alaƙa da al'ummomin da ke zaune a yankin Yungas. Daga karni na 15, Incas sun kafa kansu a cikin yankin, kuma sun mamaye shi. A yau, a halin yanzu al'ummomin Kolla ne ke zaune a yankin waɗanda suka yi ƙaura zuwa yankin daga Bolivia.

## Halaye
Akwai wurare uku na wurin shakatawa waɗanda za a iya gani yayin wucewa ta hanyar Lardin 83: tuddai na daji, gandun daji na dutse, da dazuzzukan dutse. Kowane yanki yana da sauƙin ganewa tare da halaye na tsire-tsire.

Kimanin nau'in 270 ne aka gano a cikin wurin shakatawa, tare da kimanin 230 da za su iya zama a yankin, daga baya ya sa Calilegua ya zama gida na 50% na dukkan nau'in tsuntsaye a kasar. Gidan shakatawa shine gida ga Jaguar, mafi girman mai cin nama na Kudancin Amurka, tare da sauran cats na daji kamar Jaguarundi, ocelot, puma, da kuma pampas cat. Mafi girman dabba mai shayarwa a cikin Yungas, tapir, shima yana zaune a ajiyar.

Gidan shakatawa na Calilegua da garuruwan da ke kusa da shi suna ba da yawon shakatawa da suka shafi yawon shakata, wannan ya kasance ban da tasirin al'adu mai ƙarfi na yankin, kamar yadda duk wani yawon bude ido mai sha'awar zai iya ziyartar garuruwa da yawa inda za su iya fuskantar al'adun gida, yare, al'ada, da sauransu.

## Yanayi
Gidan shakatawa yana da yanayi mai zafi tare da lokacin hunturu mai bushe,  tare da matsakaicin Yanayin zafi tsakanin  ° C (62.6 ° F)  hunturu da  ° C (82.4 ° F) A lokacin rani. Lokacin bazara na iya kaiwa yanayin zafi har zuwa  ° C (104.0 ° F).  Sabanin wannan, sanyi na lokaci-lokaci yana faruwa a tsaunuka mafi girma a lokacin hunturu. Gidan shakatawa yana karɓar matsakaicin   in) na hazo a kowace shekara tare da mafi yawansu suna faɗuwa tsakanin Nuwamba da Afrilu. A cikin waɗannan watanni, ruwan sama yana da ƙarfi sau da yawa, yana sake tattara ruwan sama.

## Manazarta
Babban Tsabtace Tekun Blue

**Big Blue Ocean Cleanup** (a cikin 2018) kungiya ce ta muhalli ta kasa da kasa mai zaman kanta tare da ofisoshi a York (UK), Vancouver (Kanada), Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia), da Sydney (Australia). An mayar da hankali kan tsaftace rairayin bakin teku da teku, kare namun daji, binciken teku da ci gaban fasahar zamani.

## Tarihi
Big Blue Ocean Cleanup an kafa shi ne a ranar 27 ga Fabrairu 2018, ta hanyar Rory Sinclair . 

A watan Maris na shekara ta 2019, ta goyi bayan shirin "Cash for trash", wanda wani mai ba da shawara kan ruwa mai laushi na APEM ya ƙaddamar.

A ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2020 (Ranar Duniya), an nuna Big Blue Ocean Cleanup a cikin shirin Zac Efron The Great Global Clean Up, wanda aka watsa a Discovery Channel. A watan Mayu 2020, masu sa kai na Big Blue Ocean Cleanup sun shiga cikin cire ragowar babban whale daga rairayin bakin teku na Clacton-on-Sea a Essex. A watan Satumbar 2020, kungiyar ta yi haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙungiyar masu tuƙi jirgin ruwa na Scotland a kan tafiyarsu ta Arewa maso Yamma, wanda aka shirya don 2021. Mambobin ƙungiyar za su tattara bayanai don Tsabtace Tekun Blue, gami da abun ciki na micro filastik a cikin ruwa

## Shirye-shiryen

### Tsabtace rairayin bakin teku
Tsabtace rairayin bakin teku shine babban aikin Big Blue Ocean Cleanup .  Wadannan abubuwan da ba na riba ba ne ke shirya su kuma sun hada da al'ummomi daban-daban, daga ma'aikatan kamfanoni zuwa dalibai, zuwa masu sa kai na gida.

### Aikin "Ocean Savior"
A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2018, masana na Big Blue Ocean Cleanup sun goyi bayan aikin Ocean Saviour, wani shiri na Richard W. Roberts da Simon White, wadanda suka kafa TheYachtMarket.com, don gina jirgin tsaftacewa mai karfin kansa na 70m, wanda zai dawo da sake amfani da filastik daga teku.

## Masu tallafawa
Ƙungiyar da ba ta da riba galibi tana tallafawa ta ƙananan kamfanoni da matsakaici (wasu misalai sune Ekoru, Subsea Expo, mai ba da sabis na Injiniyan ruwa James Fisher &amp;amp; Sons da mai ba da kayan kwalliya Storopack).

## Manazarta
Yarjejeniyar Tsarin don Kare Muhalli na Tekun Caspian

**Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Tsaro don Kare Muhalli na Tekun [[Tekun Caspian|Caspian]]** yarjejeniya ce ta yanki da wakilan hukuma na jihohin Caspian guda biyar suka sanya hannu: Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Tarayyar Rasha da Turkmenistan a Tehran (Iran) a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 2003.  Yarjejeniyar Tsarin, wanda kuma ake kira Yarjejeniyar Tehran, ta fara aiki a ranar 12 ga watan Agusta 2006. 

Manufar wannan taron ita ce "kariya ga yanayin Caspian daga duk tushen gurɓataccen ciki har da kariya, adanawa, maidowa da amfani mai dorewa da ma'ana na albarkatun halittu na Tekun Caspian".

Dangane da Mataki na 7 - 11 na Yarjejeniyar, bangarorin suna da alhakin daukar matakai don hanawa, ragewa da sarrafa gurɓataccen yanayi daga tushen ƙasa, ayyukan teku, jiragen ruwa, da gurɓatawar daga sauran ayyukan ɗan adam ciki har da farfado da ƙasa da haɗin bakin teku da kuma gina madatsun ruwa

Yarjejeniyar kuma ta samar da matakan da suka dace don hana gabatarwa cikin Tekun Caspian da kuma sarrafawa da yaki da nau'ikan baƙi masu mamayewa, waɗanda ke barazana ga yanayin halittu, mazauna ko nau'ikan.

Har ila yau, bangarorin suna ɗaukar matakan rigakafi, shirye-shirye da amsawa don kare muhalli da mutane daga sakamakon gaggawa na muhalli na halitta da na mutum, suna ba da hadin kai wajen kafa tsarin gargadi da wuri da kuma tabbatar da wadatar isasshen kayan aiki da ƙwararrun ma'aikata don magance gaggawa na cikin gida. Har ila yau, jam'iyyun sun amince da gudanar da kimanta tasirin muhalli na ayyukan haɗari waɗanda zasu iya haifar da gaggawa na muhalli ko mummunan tasiri a kan muhalli a cikin iko,

Har ila yau, bangarorin suna aiki don tabbatar da kariya, adanawa, maidowa da amfani da albarkatun halittu na ruwa a cikin Tekun Caspian; yin ƙoƙari don kula da ko maido da yawan nau'ikan nau'ikan ruwa a matakan da zasu iya samar da matsakaicin amfanin gona mai ɗorewa; hana yawan amfani da albarkatu na ruwa da kuma kare nau'ikan halittu masu haɗari, masu haɗari da kuma yanayin halittu masu rauni.

Yarjejeniyar 2003 ta kuma samar da hadin gwiwar bangarorin a cikin sa ido kan muhalli, haɓaka daidaitattun fitarwa da fitarwa, gudanar da bincike da ci gaba da musayar bayanan muhalli.

Yarjejeniyar Tehran ta kafa taron jam'iyyun da Sakatariyar da ake yi a kai a kai.

Har zuwa yau, Sakatariyar ta tsara yarjejeniyoyi huɗu masu zuwa ga Yarjejeniyar Tsarin don Kare Muhalli na Tekun Caspian kuma an tattauna su a taron Taron Jam'iyyun:

* Yarjejeniya a kan Tushen Gidauniyar
* Yarjejeniya Game da Haɗin Kai na Yankin a Yanayin Gaggawa
* Yarjejeniya akan EIA a cikin Yanayi na Ƙasashen Ƙasashen
* Yarjejeniya kan Kare Kasuwancin Kasuwanci.

An karɓi Yarjejeniyar game da Shirye-shiryen Yankin, Amsawa da Haɗin Kai a Yaki da Abubuwan da suka faru na Ruwan Man Fetur a Aktau, Kazakhstan a ranar 12 ga Agusta, 2011. 

An sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Kare Tekun Caspian daga gurɓataccen tushe da ayyukan ƙasa a Moscow, Tarayyar Rasha, a ranar 12 ga Disamba, 2012 a taron 4 na Taron Jam'iyyun zuwa Yarjejeniyar Tehran. 

## Manazarta
Gina Dokar Tattalin Arziki ta Green Prairie

Dokar Tattalin Arziki ta Green Prairie (Faransanci: Loi sur le développement d'une économie verte dans les Prairies) wani aiki ne na Majalisar Dokokin Kanada wanda ya shafi ci gaban tattalin arzikin muhalli mai ɗorewa a lardunan Prarie na Kanada .

## Tarihi
A cewar wani rahoto daga Cibiyar Bincike kan Manufofin Jama'a, tun daga watan Janairun 2025, daya daga cikin goma na Kanada yana zaune a wuraren da ke da rauni ga rushewa saboda sauyawa zuwa tattalin arziki mai ɗorewa.

## Hanyar wucewa
An gabatar da lissafin a matsayin lissafin memba mai zaman kansa, daga Winnipeg MP Jim Carr, wanda ya mutu daga gazawar koda jim kadan bayan House Of Commons ta zartar da lissafin.

## Shirye-shiryen
Dokar ta buƙaci gwamnatocin tarayya, gwamnatocin larduna, kananan hukumomi, al'ummomin 'yan asalin, da kungiyoyin da ke wakiltar ma'aikata da ma'aikata a kamfanoni masu zaman kansu su hada kai don aiwatar da manufofi don bunkasa tattalin arziki mai ɗorewa a lardunan Prarie.

## Aiwatarwa
Prairies Economic Development Canada (PrairiesCan) ta fitar da wani tsari don aiwatar da manufofin da aka amince da su a karkashin dokar, mai taken The Framework to Build a Green Prairie Economy . 

Ayyukan da PrairiesCan da sauransu suka tallafawa sun haɗa da:

* Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki Lethbridge da Alberta Sugar Beet Growers sun sami jimlar saka hannun jari na CA $ 1,800,000 akan inganta haɗin gwiwa tsakanin al'ummomi a kan Hanyar Hanyar 4.
* Kungiyar Binciken Alkama ta Kanada ta sami CA $ 11,200,000 a cikin kudade don bincika ayyukan gudanarwa mafi kyau da sabbin kayan aikin genomics don rage fitar da iskar gas.
* Kungiyar NFI ta sami saka hannun jari na CA $ 23,400,000 don tallafawa ci gaban "All-Canadian Build facility" don bas da masu horar da iska.
* Ayyukan samar da hasken rana, iska, da grid guda tara sun sami CA $ 150,000,000 a karkashin Shirin Sabuntawa da Hanyar Wutar Lantarki.

Anne Lindsey, memba kuma tsohon darektan zartarwa na Manitoba Eco-Network ta soki dokar don inganta makamashin nukiliya.

## Manazarta
Cathedral Valley Corral

An gina **Cathedral Valley Corral** a kusa da 1900 ta hanyar masu kiwon dabbobi na gida a yankin arewacin abin da ke yanzu Capitol Reef National Park a Utah. Yana daya daga cikin tsofaffin misalai na amfani da kiwo a wurin shakatawa. Ya yi daidai da canji a cikin amfani da ƙasar, inda aka kiwo shanu a kan budewa kuma aka tattara su cikin corals don alama, allurar rigakafi da sauran hanyoyin. Amfani mai yawa da ayyukan kiwo mai budewa ya haifar da lalata shuke-shuke na ɓangarorin yankin. Iyalan Jeffery da Morrel ne suka yi amfani da gidan. Shafin corral yana amfani da dutsen sandstone a matsayin wani ɓangare na shinge, tare da shinge na katako yana rufe wani alcove a cikin dutse. An raba alkalami zuwa wani babba da karami, tare da shan shanu daga karamin alkalami.

An jera Cathedral Valley Corral a cikin National Register of Historic Places a ranar 13 ga Satumba, 1999.

## Manazarta
Dutsen Cathedral (Capitol Reef National Park)

Cathedral Mountain wani taro ne mai tsawon mita 6,924 (2,110  wanda ke cikin Capitol Reef National Park, a cikin Wayne County na Utah, Amurka.

## Bayyanawa
Wannan ragowar lalacewa mai nisa yana da nisan kilomita 13 (21  arewa maso yammacin cibiyar baƙi ta wurin shakatawa, da kuma nisan kilomita 0.6 (0.97  yammacin Dutsen Needle, a cikin Tsakiyar Tsakiya na Gundumar Arewacin (Cathedral Valley). Charles Kelly, mai kula da farko na Capitol Reef National Monument, ya ba da sunan Cathedral Valley a shekarar 1945, saboda dutsen sandstone na kwarin ya tunatar da masu binciken farko na kayan ado, Gothic cathedrals, tare da bangon da aka yi da shi, alcoves, da pinnacles. Hasumiyar Cathedral Mountain mai zaman kanta ta kai mita 500 (mita 150) sama da kwarin kwarin, wanda ke cikin kwarin Fremont River. Binciken John C. Frémont na 1853 ya wuce ta Cathedral Valley.

## Ilimin ƙasa
Dutsen Cathedral ya ƙunshi dutse mai launin ja Entrada Sandstone tare da dutse mai wuya, mai launin toka-kore da siltstone Curtis Formation layer Caprock wanda ke kare shi daga lalacewa. Sandstone, wanda aka ajiye shi da farko a matsayin yashi mai yashi a kan wani fili, an yi imanin cewa ya samo asali ne kimanin shekaru miliyan 160 da suka gabata a lokacin Jurassic a matsayin babban teku mai yashi, mafi girma a tarihin Duniya.   Stratum a cikin Cathedral Valley suna da karkatacciyar digiri uku zuwa biyar zuwa gabas, kuma suna bayyana kusan a kwance. Tsawon lokaci bayan an ajiye waɗannan duwatsu masu laushi, an ɗaga Colorado Plateau daidai, yana riƙe da yadudduka kusan a kwance, amma Capitol Reef ya bambanta saboda Waterpocket Fold, classic monocline, wanda aka kafa tsakanin shekaru 50 da 70 da suka gabata a lokacin Laramide Orogeny. 

## Yanayi
Lokacin bazara da faduwa sune lokutan da suka fi dacewa don ziyartar Dutsen Cathedral. Dangane da tsarin rarraba yanayi na Köppen, yana cikin yankin yanayi mai sanyi, wanda aka bayyana ta hanyar watan sanyi wanda ke da matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin jiki a ƙasa da  ° F (0 ° C), kuma aƙalla 50% na jimlar ruwan sama na shekara-shekara da ake karɓa a lokacin bazara da rani. Wannan yanayin hamada yana karɓar ƙasa da inci 10 (250 millimeters) na ruwan sama na shekara-shekara, kuma dusar ƙanƙara yawanci yana da sauƙi a lokacin hunturu.

## Gidan wasan kwaikwayo

Fayil:Cathedral_Mountain,_in_Cathedral_Valley,_of_Capitol_Reef_National_Park.jpg|South aspect, seen from Cathedrals Trail
Fayil:Needle_Mountain,_Cathedral_Valley.jpg|Cathedral Mountain (left), Needle Mountain (right), from the southeast
Fayil:Temples_in_Cathedral_Valley.jpg|Cathedral Mountain (left), Needle Mountain (right)
Fayil:Capitol_Reef_-_Cathedral_Valley.jpg|"The Cathedrals" with Cathedral Mountain to left
Fayil:Cathedral_Valley_Panorama_-_Flickr_-_snowpeak.jpg|Cathedral Valley sunset, with Cathedral Mountain to left
Fayil:Cathedral_Mountain_from_upper_Cathedral_Valley_overlook.jpg|Cathedral Mountain from Upper Cathedral Valley Overlook
Fayil:Entrada_Sandstone_capped_by_Curtis_Formation_in_Cathedral_Valley.jpg


## Manazarta
Antônio Fagundes

**Antônio José da Silva Fagundes Filho** (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Afrilu shekarar ta 1949) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na kasar Brazil, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ' na murya, kuma furodusa. An san shi da wasan kwaikwayon da ya yi a mataki, fim da talabijin, inda yake aiki akai-akai a cikin telenovelas.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Fagundes  a birnin Rio de Janeiro amma ya koma tare da iyayensa zuwa São garin Paulo yana da shekaru takwas kuma ya zauna ' a can sama da shekaru 30. Ya gano baiwarsa ga gidan wasan kwaikwayo daga wurin wasan kwaikwayo ' da aka yi a makarantar a Rio Branco, inda ya yi karatu. Ya fara fitowa a talabijin a shekarar 1969 a wasan kwaikwayo na sabulu Nenhum Homem é Deus, a TV Tupi . Fagundes ya fara ne a Rede Globo a shekarar ta  1976, a kan telenovela Saramandaia . Ya kuma yi aiki na shekaru da yawa a matsayin mai gabatarwa na jerin Carga Pesada, daga shekarar ta 1979 zuwa shekarar ta 1981, kuma daga shekarar 2003 zuwa shekarar ta 2007. Dan wasan yana da 'ya'ya hudu: daya (Bruno Fagundes), tare da tsohuwar matarsa Mara Carvalho, sauran uku (Dinah Abujamra Fagundos, Antonio Fagundles Neto da Diana Fagundas Abujamra), 'ya'yan auren shekaru 15 da ya yi da actress Clarisse Abujamra .

## Ayyuka

### Talabijin

### Mataki
 

### Fim din
 

### Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa

* 1985 - Kyautar Molière, mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ga Cyrano de Bergerac.
* 1988 - Bikin Fina-finai na Rio, Mafi kyawun Actor (fim) na Lady daga Fim din Shanghai
* 1988 - Kyautar Molière, mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo don Fragments of a Loving Speech .
* 1991 - Press Trophy, mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na TV don Mai mallakar Duniya .
* 1992 - Bikin Fim na Duniya (Cartagena de las Indias), mafi kyawun ɗan wasan fim don The Body .
* 1993 - APCA Trophy, mafi kyawun ɗan wasan TV na Renascer.
* 1993 - Press Trophy, mafi kyawun ɗan wasan TV na Renascer.
* 1997 - Kyautar Contigo! - Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na TV don Don Ƙauna '.
* 1999 - Kyautar Gidan Al'adu a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Roma
* 1999 - Kyautar Kyautar Brazil, Mafi kyawun Actor na gidan wasan kwaikwayo da talabijin don aikin.
* 1999 - APCA Trophy, mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Latest Luas .
* 2000 - Kyautar Super Cap de Ouro, TV Terra Nostra.
* 2001 - Kyautar Kyauta ta Brazil, RJ - mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na TV don Porto dos Milagres .
* 2001 - Kyautar Kyauta ta Brazil, SP - mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na TV don Porto dos Milagres .
* 2001 - Mafi Kyawun Shekara, Domingão Faustão - mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na TV na Porto dos Milagres .
* 2001 - Kyautar Contigo! - Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na TV na Porto dos Milagres .
* 2008 - Kyautar Kyauta ta Brazil - mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na TV don Fuskar Biyu.
* 2008 - Trophy Super Cap de Ouro, TV Two Faces .
* 2012 - Kyautar Applause Brazil Theatre - Mafi kyawun Actor don "Red"

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Hanyar Cottonwood Canyon

**Hanyar Cottonwood Canyon** (wanda aka fi sani da **Hanyar 400**, **Cottonwood Canyons Scenic Backway**  da **K7000** ) hanya ce mai nisan kilomita 46 (74   ko kuma kilomita 47 (76   wanda ke ratsa Cottonwoodanyon a cikin Kane County, Utah . Jirgin ya fara ne a Cannonville, kusa da Hanyar Jihar Utah 12, ya ci gaba zuwa kudu ta hanyar Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, kuma a ƙarshe ya haɗa da Hanyar Amurka ta 89.

An gina hanyar ne da farko a matsayin hanyar kulawa don layin wutar lantarki da ke bin canyon. Jirgin yana ɗaukar kusan sa'o'i biyu ba tare da tsayawa ba. Akwai Cibiyoyin baƙi a Cannonville a arewa, kuma a cikin Big Water kusa da ƙarshen kudancin.

Abubuwan jan hankali sun haɗa da ganuwar Navajo Sandstone, Grosvenor Arch, da Kodachrome Basin State Park .  Hanyar tana ba da damar yin amfani da hanyoyin tafiya, kamar Cottonwood Wash Narrows, Yellow Rock, Hackberry Canyon, da Cottonwood Canyon Narrows.

## Yanayin Hanyar
Hanyar galibi ba a shimfiɗa ba ce, ban da mil tara tsakanin Cannonville da Kodachrome Basin State Park .  An dauke shi ba za a iya wucewa ba a yanayin rigar shekara-shekara.

Sashe da yawa na hanya suna ratsa tsoffin wuraren ajiyar laka, silt, da shale. Lokacin da ya yi rigar, yumbu ya zama mai santsi sosai kuma har ma da motar ƙafa huɗu za a iya sa ta zama mara amfani. Bugu da ƙari, magudanar ruwa da yawa sun haye hanya a wurare daban-daban, kuma waɗannan na iya wankewa a lokacin ambaliyar ruwa ta lokaci-lokaci, musamman a lokacin tsawa na rani. Ko da a yanayin fari, hanyar na iya zama laka har zuwa inda ba za a iya wucewa a ƙananan wurare ba.

## Termini
Ƙarshen kudancin yana a mahaɗar da US-89 a cikin Kane County: 37°06′18′′N 111°50′49′′W / 37.10500°N 111.84694°W / 37.10.500; -111.84694. Ƙarshen arewa yana a layin Kane County kusa da Cannonville, inda ya zama Kodachrome Road: 37°32′08′′N 112°03′04′′W / 37.53556°N 112.05111°W / 37.33556; -112.05111.

## Manazarta
Gidan Zinariya, Cyprus

**Gidan Zinariya** (Turkiyanci: ; Girkanci: ,  , wanda aka fi sani da Girkanci: Χρυσή Ακτή, romaniised: Chrysí Actí (ellenization na sunan Turkiyya), da Pashi Amos ("Fat Sand Beach") rairayin bakin teku ne mai yashi, wanda ke kusa da Rizokarpaso a cikin Karpass Peninsula

Ya kai kimanin kilomita huɗu daga Galunopetra (Iyitaş) cape a gabas zuwa Jyles cape a kudu maso yamma. A bangaren gabas, dunes sun kai har zuwa 500m zuwa cikin gida. Yankin rairayin bakin teku ya kasu kashi biyu ta hanyar karamin tudu, Adatepe, da kuma babban yashi mai launi ba tare da ciyayi ba.

Golden Beach, tare da sauran rairayin bakin teku a Karpaz, wani muhimmin yanki ne na gida ga tururuwan teku. An haramta yin zango a kan rairayin bakin teku da wuraren kariya da ke kewaye da shi sosai. Golden Beach kuma an san shi da rairayin bakin teku ba bisa ka'ida ba (yanki a yammacin rairayin kan teku) 

## Tarihi
A cikin shekaru na farko bayan mamayar Turkiyya a Cyprus a shekara ta 1974 Golden Beach da ƙarshen Karpaz suna ƙarƙashin ikon sojojin Turkiyya kuma an ƙuntata damar. Bayan Sanarwar 'yancin kai a 1983, yankin ya zama wurin shakatawa na halitta kuma an kara karfafa kariya a cikin 1997 da 1998 TRNC Environment Law 

Tun daga shekara ta 1990, sashen gandun daji na TRNC ya ba da izinin ƙananan gidajen cin abinci da gidajen katako don zama da dare a wasu yankuna a kusa da Golden Beach. Tare da karuwar wayar da kan jama'a game da muhalli da yankuna masu kariya suna bin ka'idodin Natura 2000, an soke kwangilar haya kuma an kawo masu aiki a kotu a 2013 saboda rashin tsaftace yankin. A cikin 2016 babbar kotun TRNC ta tabbatar da hukunce-hukuncen kotu da suka gabata kuma ta ba da umarnin a rushe bungalows, gidajen cin abinci da wuraren tsabta a watan Yunin 2016, wanda a ƙarshe ya faru bayan shekara guda. Masu kula da muhalli sun yaba da wannan matakin; duk da haka tsoffin masu aiki sun soki shawarar kuma sun yi jayayya cewa ba tare da su ba, babu wanda zai tsabtace rairayin bakin teku kuma rashin wuraren tsabtace muhalli zai haifar da matsaloli ga masu zuwa rairayin kan teku da yanayi. A halin yanzu, babu wani gini da ya rage a kan rairayin bakin teku kanta, kodayake har yanzu akwai gidan cin abinci guda ɗaya a gefen gabas a kan tudun da ke kula da yankin rairayin kan teku.

## Samun dama
Golden Beach yana kusa da hanyar bakin teku wanda ke jagorantar daga ƙauyen Rizokarpaso / Dipkarpaz zuwa Masallacin Apostolos Andreas da ƙarshen yankin. Yankin rairayin bakin teku yana da nisan kilomita 20 daga tsakiyar ƙauyen da nisan mita 9 daga gidan ibada. An shimfiɗa hanyar, duk da haka a cikin mummunan yanayi tare da ramuka na lokaci-lokaci; mita ɗari na ƙarshe a kan hanyar zuwa filin ajiye motoci ba a shimfiɗa su ba. A lokacin babban lokacin Golden Beach ya kasance daya daga cikin tashoshin haɗin bas na yau da kullun (Karpaz-Express)  wanda ke aiki da Kyrenia da wuraren kallo da yawa a yankin Karpaz. Wannan haɗin bas a halin yanzu an dakatar da shi, duk da haka. Ana amfani da bas din yawon bude ido don tsayawa na awa daya ko biyu a bakin rairayin bakin teku.&nbsp;&nbsp;

## Manazarta
Half's Acre na Jahannama (Wyoming)

Hell's Half Acre babban yanki ne wanda ke da nisan kilomita 40 (64) a yammacin Casper, Wyoming a kan /26. Ya ƙunshi kadada 320 (1.3 ), wannan bambancin yanayin ƙasa ya ƙunshi zurfin raƙuman ruwa, koguna, tsarin dutse da ƙasa mai laushi. An yi amfani da Hell's Half Acre a matsayin wurin da duniyar Klendathu ta fiction a cikin fim din Starship Troopers . 

An san wurin da "The Devil's Kitchen", "The Pits of Hades", da kuma "The Baby Grand Canyon" har sai wani saniya ya bayyana kuma ya yi tunanin yana cikin Hell's Half Acre, wani yanki na kudu maso yammacin Casper cike da alkali da bogs.

Ƙabilun 'yan asalin Amurka sun yi amfani da raƙuman don fitar da bison zuwa mutuwarsa yayin farautarsu.

A cikin 2005, ƙaramin gidan abinci da otel ɗin da ke zaune a kan rafin an rufe su da masu ba da hayar kadarorin saboda rashin maziyarta  kuma daga baya sun rushe.  An katange yankin kuma babu damar jama'a zuwa gefen dutse ko kwarin kanta, amma akwai alamar fassara a yammacin inda tsohon gidan cin abinci ya tsaya.  , shingen shingen yana nan a wurin, amma kofofin biyu a cikin shingen a bude suke, suna ba da damar shiga motoci zuwa wani babban dutsen tsakuwa (mai ramuka) da kuma kallon hoto na kusa.
Fayil:Hell's_Half_Acre_(Wyoming)_(sign).jpg|alt=The sign on the restaurant formerly located at Hell's Half Acre.| Alamar da ke kan gidan abincin da ta kasance a Hell's Half Acre.
Fayil:HellsHalfAcre4.jpg|alt=A vertical formation just off the overlook.| Tsarin tsaye kusa da kallo.
Fayil:HHA_cave-close.jpg|alt=A cave formation in Hell's Half Acre.| Samuwar kogo a cikin Half Acre na Jahannama.
Fayil:HHA_sign.jpg|alt=Interpretive sign marking Hell's Half Acre.| Alamar fassara mai alamar Half Acre na Jahannama.
Fayil:Postmark_from_hells_half_acre.jpg
Fayil:Hell's_Half_Acre_WY.jpg|alt=Wind River Formation exposed at Hell's Half Acre| An fallasa Samuwar Kogin Iska a Half Acre na Jahannama


## Manazarta
Jerin nau'in da imposex ya shafa

Jerin nau'in da imposex ya shafa ya ƙunshi nau'in gastropod wanda imposex, yanayin da ke shafar samfurori mata saboda fallasa wasu mahadi, an rubuta shi tun lokacin da aka fara lura da shi a ƙarshen shekarun 1960. A ƙarshen shekarun 1970s, an gane imposex a cikin akalla nau'o'in 34. Wannan adadin ya karu zuwa akalla nau'in 100 bayan shekaru goma, kuma a shekara ta 1994, an tabbatar da shi a cikin mata na akalla nau nau'in 195 a duk duniya. Rubuce-rubucen sun ci gaba da ƙaruwa zuwa jimlar nau'in 260 a cikin shekaru 15 masu zuwa.   An san yanayin da ya shafi nau'in ruwa, estuarine, da nau'in ruwan sha daga iyalai da yawa

## Jerin nau'o'in

### Ampullariidae

* *Marisa cornuarietis*, kwari mai laushi 
* *Pomacea canaliculata*, kwari na apple na zinariya 
* *Pomacea scalaris*

### Buccinanopsidae

* *Buccinanops cochlidium*
* *Buccinanops monilifer*
* *Buccinastrum mai lalacewa*, buccinum mai ƙuƙwalwa 

### Columbellidae

* *Amphissa columbiana*, kwari mai laushi 
* *Astyris lunata*
* Costoanachis avara, kwayar kurciya mai haɗama 

### Cominellidae

* *Cominella virgata*
* *Pareuthria fuscata*

### Conidae

* *Conasprella jaspidea*, Jasper cone 
* *Conus ventricosus*, ƙwanƙolin Bahar Rum 

### Fasciolariidae

* *Leucozonia nassa*
* *Taron dubius*
* *Triplefusus giganteus*, conch na doki na Florida 

### Littorinidae

* *Littoraria angulifera*, da mangrove periwinkle 
* *Littorina sitkana*

### Melongenidae

* *Melongena melongena*, ƙwanƙolin kambin Caribbean 
* *Pugilina tupiniquim*

### Muricidae
 

### Nassariidae

* *Ilyanassa tsoho* yayi, kwari na laka na gabas 
* *Phrontis vibex*, nassa mai rauni 
* *Tritia reticulata*, kare mai laushi 

### Strombidae

* Aliger gigas, sarauniya conch 
* *Laevistrombus canarium*, kare conch 
* *Strombus pugilis*, yaƙi da conch 

### Volutidae

* *Adelomelon ancilla*
* *Adelomelon beckii*, ƙuƙwalwar Beck 
* *Voluta ebraea*, volute na Ibrananci 
* Voluta musica, da music volute 
* *Odontocymbiola magellanica*
* *Pachycymbiola brasiliana*
* *Pachycymbiola ferussacii*

### Olividae

* *Callianax biplicata*, mai launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan sama 
* *Olivancillaria deshayesiana*
* *Olivancillaria vesica*
* *Minti na zaitun*

### Sauran iyalai

* *Amalda australis*, itacen zaitun na kudanci 
* Babylonia areolata, wani kwari na teku na Babila 
* *Bostrycapulus odites*, kwari mai tsalle-tsalle 
* *Hastula cinerea*
* *[[Heleobia australis]]*
* *Monoplex parthenopeus*, babban triton mai gashi 
* Monodonta labio, saman harsashi mai hakora 
* *Nerita exuvia*, nerite na fatar maciji 
* *[[Prunum martini]]*

## Manazarta
Massoia's lutrine opossum

**Massoia's lutrine opossum** (***Lutreolina massoia***) wani nau'in opossum ne na asalin Kudancin Amurka.

## Tarihin lissafi
A baya an yi la'akari da yawan jama'a na babban lutrine opossum (*L. crassicaudata*), amma binciken 2014 ya tabbatar da cewa jinsin daban ne kuma ya bayyana shi kamar haka. Yana yiwuwa cewa sauye-sauyen yanayi a baya ya haifar da fadada ciyayi a cikin Dry Chaco, yana ba da damar kakannin *Lutreolina* su haye shi, tare da ƙarancin Chaco daga baya wanda ke ware jinsunan biyu kuma yana haifar da bambancin su.

An sanya wa wannan nau'in suna ne bayan masanin ilimin dabbobi na Argentina Elio Massoia, wanda ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga ilimin bambancin dabbobi masu shayarwa na Kudancin Amurka, kuma yana daga cikin masu bincike na farko da suka lura da bambancin mutanen *Lutreolina* na Yungas.

## Rarraba
Ya fito ne daga kudancin tsakiyar Bolivia zuwa arewacin Argentina, inda aka ƙuntata shi zuwa yankin Yungas a gabashin Andes. Yana da mazaunin daban-daban daga *L. crassicaudata*, ana samun sa da farko a cikin tsaunuka masu laushi. Da alama yana amfani da yankuna masu cike da ƙasa da yanayin ruwa.

## Bayyanawa
*L. massoia* ya fi karami a girman fiye da *L. crassicaudata*, kuma ya bambanta da girman da siffar kwanyar, da kuma hakora.

## Manazarta
Yarjejeniyar Kanada-Newfoundland da Labrador Atlantic

**Yarjejeniyar Kanada-Newfoundland da Labrador Atlantic** yarjejeniya ce da aka sanya hannu a 1985 tsakanin Gwamnatin Kanada da Gwamnatin Newfoundland da Labrador don gudanar da albarkatun mai da iskar gas da ke kusa da Newfoundland le Labrador . 

## Tarihi
A shekara ta 1979, an fara gano man fetur a bakin tekun Newfoundland da Labrador . 

Gwamnatin Pierre Trudeau ta ba da shawarar cewa "ya kamata Newfoundland ta ji daɗin babban rabo na kudaden shiga da ake sa ran albarkatun waje za su samar" a cikin 1983.

## Aiwatarwa
  
Yarjejeniyar ta kafa Hukumar Man Fetur ta Kanada-Newfoundland da Labrador, wacce aka fi sani da Canada-Newfoundlands Offshore Petroleum (C-NLOPB, wanda aka fi sani le C-NOPB).  Kwamitin ya zama mai alhakin: 

* haɓaka albarkatun (kamar sanya kira don tayin) 
* fitar da bincike
* lasisi mai mahimmanci ganowa da samarwa
* kimantawa sarauta, abubuwan da suka dace da azabtarwa
* gudanarwa da aiwatar da yarjejeniyoyi
* sarrafa ayyukan
* raba kudaden shiga

Wani rahoto na 2003 na PricewaterhouseCoopers ya bayyana cewa lardin yana karɓar karamin ɓangare na kudaden shiga da aka samar a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar.

A shekara ta 2005, gwamnatin lardin da gwamnatin tarayya sun sake tattauna yarjejeniyar. A wani lokaci gwamnatin lardin ta ba da umarnin a cire tutar Kanada daga sandunansu a cikin gine-ginen lardin. Tattaunawar ta haifar da canja wurin CA $ 2,000,000 daga gwamnatin tarayya zuwa gwamnatin lardin.

A shekara ta 2007, gwamnatin tarayya ta yi watsi da yarjejeniyar, a karkashin Stephen Harper ta hanyar canje-canje da aka yi wa biyan kuɗi na daidaito.

A cikin 2018, gwamnatin lardin ta rubuta wa gwamnatin tarayya don neman sake duba yarjejeniyar, wanda ake buƙatar ya faru a shekarar 2019.  A cikin 2019, gwamnatin tarayya da gwamnatin lardin sun sanar da canje-canje ga yarjejeniyar.

A cikin 2023, gwamnatin tarayya da gwamnatin lardin sun sanar da canje-canje ga yarjejeniyar, wanda zai nufin cewa makamashi mai sabuntawa zai fada ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar. An yi gyare-gyare ga dokokin tarayya a karkashin Bill C-49 wanda ya sami amincewar sarauta a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2024.

## Ƙarin ci gaba
An kuma yi amfani da sunan don bayyana yarjejeniyar canja wurin kuɗi ta 2005  tsakanin Gwamnatin Kanada da gwamnatocin Nova Scotia da Newfoundland da Labrador a ƙarƙashin irin wannan tsarin doka. 

## Manazarta
Gundumar Tarihin Karkara ta Fruita

**Gundumar tarihi Karkara ta Fruita** wani yanki ne na tarihi a cikin Capitol Reef National Park a Wayne County, Utah, Amurka, wanda aka jera a cikin National Register of Historic Places .

## Bayyanawa

Gundumar ta ƙunshi tsohon mazaunin aikin gona na Mormon wanda ke aiki daga 1895 zuwa 1947. Ya haɗa da abin da ya rage daga garin Fruita. Gidan Leo R. Holt, mafi tsufa a Fruita, an gina shi a 1895 kuma makarantar Fruita a 1896. Tare da sauran gine-ginen da aka warwatsa daga asalin asalin, gundumar ta haɗa da tashar ranger ta 1940, wanda aka gina don abin da ke Capitol Reef National Monument a cikin salon National Park Service Rustic kuma Civilian Conservation Corps ta gina shi. Daga baya ci gaban ya hada da cibiyar baƙi ta Mission 66 . 

Gidajen da suka ba Fruita sunansa ana kiyaye su a matsayin "yanayin tarihi" ta hanyar National Park Service.

## Manazarta
Hasumiyar Candlestick

**Hasumiyar Candlestick** wani dutse ne mai tsayi 450 (140  wanda ke cikin tsibirin a cikin Gundumar Sky na Canyonlands National Park, a cikin San Juan County, Utah.  Sunan bayaninsa ya fito ne daga kamaninsa da kyandir. Hasumiyar Candlestick ta ƙunshi Wingate Sandstone, wanda shine ragowar yashi mai iska wanda aka ajiye kimanin shekaru miliyan 200 da suka gabata a cikin Late Triassic.

Makwabcin mafi kusa shine Shaft Benchmark,  zuwa gabas; Upheaval Dome yana  zuwa arewa kuma Green River Overlook yana  zuwa gabas.  Samun shiga hasumiya yana ta hanyar White Rim Road mai taya huɗu. Candlestick yana arewa da Soda Springs Basin da kudu na Holeman Spring Basin, kuma saman wannan tsarin halittar ya haura ƙafa 1,400 sama da White Rim Road a kusan mil ɗaya. Ruwan hazo daga Hasumiyar Candlestick yana magudawa zuwa cikin kogin Green dake kusa ta wadannan kwalayen biyu.

## Hawan dutse
Jimmy Dunn, Larry Hamilton, Doug Snively, da John Byrd ne suka fara hawa Candlestick a watan Maris na shekara ta 1974. Glenn Randall da Kent Lugbill ne suka fara hawa hawa na farko na Candlestick Tower a shekarar 1982.  Hanyoyin da aka kafa a kan Candlestick sune aji na 5.10 Kudu maso Yammacin Corner, Gabashin Gabas (5.10), da *Hanyar Duniya Biyu* hawa ne na taimako.

## Yanayi
Lokacin bazara da faduwa sune lokutan da suka fi dacewa don ziyartar Hasumiyar Candlestick. Dangane da tsarin rarraba yanayi na Köppen, yana cikin yankin yanayi mai sanyi, wanda aka bayyana ta hanyar watan sanyi wanda ke da matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin jiki a ƙasa da -0 ° C (32 ° F) kuma aƙalla 50% na jimlar ruwan sama na shekara-shekara da ake karɓa a lokacin bazara da rani. Wannan yanayin hamada yana karɓar ƙasa da inci 10 (250 millimeters) na ruwan sama na shekara-shekara, kuma dusar ƙanƙara yawanci yana da sauƙi a lokacin hunturu.&nbsp;&nbsp;

## Gidan wasan kwaikwayo

Fayil:Candlestick_-_Canyonlands_National_Park,_Utah.jpg|alt=East aspect| Bangaren gabas
Fayil:Shaft_Benchmark,_Canyonlands_National_Park,_Utah.jpg|alt=Candlestick Tower (left), Shaft Benchmark and Green River Overlook (right), seen from the east| Hasumiyar Candlestick (hagu), Shaft Benchmark da Green River Overlook (dama), ana gani daga gabas
Fayil:Candlestick_Tower_from_Holeman_Spring_Basin.jpg|alt=Candlestick Tower from Holeman Spring Basin| Hasumiyar Candlestick daga Holeman Spring Basin
Fayil:Canyon_and_Candlestick_Tower_(7257544312).jpg
Fayil:Canyonlands_Candlestick_Tower_sunset.jpg|alt=Candlestick Tower (right), Buttes of the Cross to left in the distance| Hasumiyar Candlestick (dama), Buttes na Cross zuwa hagu a nesa


## Manazarta
Chimney Rock (Capitol Reef National Park)

**Dutsen Chimney** yana da  taron a Capitol Reef National Park a Wayne County, Utah, Amurka.  Wannan alamar tana  arewa maso yamma na cibiyar baƙo na wurin shakatawa, yana da tsayi sama da  sama da Hanyar Jihar Utah 24 . Chimney Rock kuma shine  arewa maso yamma da wani daga cikin wuraren shakatawa, The Castle . Ruwan hazo daga wannan yanayin yana ƙarewa a cikin magudanar ruwa na kogin Colorado.  Hanyar Dutsen Chimney hanya ce ta madauki mai tsawon mil 3.5 wacce ke ɗaukar masu tafiya zuwa kallon Dutsen Chimney daga saman Mummy Cliffs.

## Ilimin ƙasa
Wannan fasalin shine ragowar lalacewa wanda ya ƙunshi ja sandstone na Tsarin Moenkopi, wanda aka ɗora shi da Shinarump Conglomerate Caprock na Tsarin Chinle .  Tsarin Moenkopi ya kasance kimanin shekaru miliyan 245 da suka gabata, bayan an kafa shi a lokacin Triassic. Tsawon lokaci bayan an ajiye duwatsun da aka ɗora, an ɗaga Colorado Plateau daidai, yana riƙe da yadudduka kusan a kwance, amma Capitol Reef ya bambanta saboda Waterpocket Fold, classic monocline, wanda aka kafa tsakanin shekaru 50 zuwa 70 da suka gabata a lokacin Laramide Orogeny. 

## Gidan wasan kwaikwayo

Fayil:Chimney_Rock_,_DyeClan.com_-_panoramio.jpg|South aspect
Fayil:Chimney_Rock_Lines.jpg|North aspect
Fayil:Chimney_Rock,_Capitol_Reef_NP.jpg
Fayil:Early_morning_hike_near_Chimney_Rock.jpg|Looking WNW at Chimney Rock, Hwy 24, and trailhead
Fayil:Capitol_Reef_National_Park_Chimney_Rock.jpg
Fayil:Moenkopi_Capitol_Reef_Chimney_Rock.jpg|From west


## Yanayi
Lokacin bazara da faduwa sune lokutan da suka fi dacewa don ziyartar Chimney Rock. Dangane da tsarin rarraba yanayi na Köppen, yana cikin yankin yanayi mai sanyi, wanda aka bayyana ta hanyar watan sanyi wanda ke da matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin jiki a ƙasa da 32 ° F (0 ° C), kuma aƙalla 50% na jimlar ruwan sama na shekara-shekara da ake karɓa a lokacin bazara da rani. Wannan yanayin hamada yana karɓar ƙasa da inci 10 (250 millimeters) na ruwan sama na shekara-shekara, kuma dusar ƙanƙara yawanci yana da sauƙi a lokacin hunturu.&nbsp;&nbsp;

## Manazarta
Dokar Gurɓata Man Fetur ta 1924

**Dokar Gurɓata Man Fetur ta 1924** doka ce ta tarayya ta Amurka da ke kafa ka'idoji don ruwan teku game da fitar da man fetur da gangan daga Jiragen ruwa. Dokar Majalisa ta ba da ikon Sakataren Yakin don kimantawa yawan man fetur daga Jirgin ruwa yayin tantance ko ruwan da ke bakin teku yana da yiwuwar guba wanda ke haifar da mummunan yanayi ga lafiyar ɗan adam da gurɓataccen abincin teku. Dokar Amurka ta 1924 ta ba da hukuncin shari'a wanda ya haɗa da hukuncin ƙarar hula da na laifi don keta ka'idojin da aka tsara kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin Dokar.

doka ta zartar da ita a zaman majalisa na 68 na Amurka kuma ta tabbatar da ita a matsayin dokar tarayya ta Shugaban Amurka na 30 Calvin Coolidge a ranar 7 ga Yuni, 1924.

## Bayanan Dokar
Dokar muhalli ta 1924 ta samar da sassan da aka tsara guda bakwai da ke bayyana ikon mallakar ƙasa don ruwan da ke cikin Amurka.

:: *33 U.S.C. sashi na 431* ~ Takardar Dokar
:: 33 USC § 432 ~ Ma'anar kalmomi
:: 33 USC § 433 ~ Rashin fitar da mai ba bisa ka'ida ba a cikin ruwa mai ruwa
:: 33 USC § 434 ~ Hukunce-hukunce don keta fitar da mai da kuma alhakin jirgin ruwa
:: 33 USC § 435 ~ soke lasisin jami'ai don keta doka
:: 33 USC § 436 ~ Gudanarwa ta tashar jiragen ruwa da jami'an kogi don kama masu laifi da tilasta aiki
:: 33 USC § 437 ~ Dokar ƙari ce kuma ba soke dokokin ruwa na yanzu ba

## Gyara da soke Dokar 1924
Dokar Maido da Ruwa Mai Tsabtace ta 1966 ta yi gyare-gyare ga dokar jama'a ta 1924 da ke buƙatar mallakar jiragen ruwa don dawo da fitar da mai dangane da iyakokin da ke kusa da ruwa na Amurka. Gyaran 1966 ya sanya ikon Dokar ga Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ta Amurka tare da tanadin da ke ba da izinin ayyukan tilasta aiki ta Sojojin Amurka.  Dokar tarayya ta wuce ta Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka ta 89 kuma Shugaban Amurka na 36 Lyndon Johnson ya sanya ta a matsayin doka a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 1966.

Dokar Gurɓataccen Man Fetur ta 1924 ta soke ta hanyar Amurka ta 91st Majalisar Dokoki ta Dokar Kula da Ruwan Tarayya ta 1970 .  Dokar Amurka ta tabbatar da ita a matsayin dokar tarayya ta Shugaban Amurka na 37 Richard Nixon a ranar 3 ga Afrilu, 1970. 

## Dubi kuma

* Hanyoyin ruwa na cikin gida na Amurka
* Hanyar Ruwa ta Tsakiya
* Kayan sa ido kan fitar da mai
* Dokar Gurɓata Man Fetur ta 1961
* Dokar Gurɓata Man Fetur ta 1973
* Dokar Gurɓata Man Fetur ta 1990
* Dokar Ƙin yarda ta 1899
* Dokar Koguna da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa

## Manazarta
Sail Rock

**Sail Rock**, ko Parus Rock (Russian), dutse ne na dutse na zamani na Cretaceous  wanda ke bakin Tekun Black, a Krasnodar Krai, Rasha. Ya yi kama da tsarin Jirgin ruwa, saboda haka sunansa.

Ginin yana da nisan kilomita 17 zuwa kudu maso gabashin Gelendzhik, kusa da ƙauyen Praskoveyevka (wanda ke da kimanin mita 500 daga bakin teku) da gonar Dzhankhot (kimanin sau biyu wannan nisan daga bakin teku). Sail Rock yana da gangara mai tsawo wanda ke fuskantar bakin teku, wanda aka ware daga tarin dutse na asali ta hanyar dakarun geological. Fiye da kashi uku cikin hudu ne da aka bayyana ta hanyar ruwa kuma yana tsaye a kan tekun. Abin da ya fi ban mamaki game da wannan alamar shine rabo. Duk da yake dutsen yana da ɗan ƙarami fiye da mita ɗaya, tsayinsa kusan 25 m ne kuma tsawonsa kusan 20. Don haka, an bayyana siffar dutsen kamar yadda yake kama da tsarin jirgi mai kusurwa huɗu.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Wani budewar da ba a san asalinsa ba yana cikin jirgin ruwa, kimanin mita 2.5 sama da ƙasa. Yawancin jagororin sun bayyana cewa kafawar ta kasance kariya daga bindigogi na dutse a lokacin Yaƙin Caucasus. Koyaya, wannan sigar asalin buɗewar tana ƙarƙashin wasu shakku. A cikin 1903, S. Vasyukov, wanda ke binciken bakin tekun Black Sea, ya rubuta bayan binciken dutsen cewa an harbe shi daga jirgin ruwa ta hanyar ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa, sun saki makamai 4, amma bango ya kasance mai ƙarfi, kodayake alamun suna bayyane, amma ba su buɗe dutsen ba [...].&nbsp;

An bayyana bayyanar wannan tsari na musamman ta hanyar bugawa na teku a kan ƙasa (rugujewa), da kuma ƙarfin daban-daban na duwatsun da ke cikinta.

Matsayin Sail Rock a matsayin abin tunawa na halitta an ayyana shi a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba, 1971 ta gwamnatin Gelendzhik. An ba da kariya ga dutsen ga Majalisar karkara ta Divnomorskiy. Yankin rairayin bakin teku da kewayenta wuri ne na nishaɗi da nishaɗi na waje, gami da wuraren shakatawa na kiwon lafiya da ke kusa. Shugaba Putin yana da babban yanki kimanin kilomita 1.5 daga bakin tekun.

## Gidan wasan kwaikwayo

Fayil:Парус_скала_1.jpg|alt=Sail Rock, view from below| Sail Rock, duba daga ƙasa
Fayil:Парус_скала_2.jpg|alt=Sail Rock, side view| Sail Rock, kallon gefe
Fayil:Parus_rock,_common_view.jpg|alt=View of the rock from the beach of Praskoveyevka village| Duban dutsen daga rairayin bakin teku na ƙauyen Praskoveyevka
Fayil:Parus_rock._Rocks.jpg|alt=The outcrop shown on the right side of the image and Sail Rock were once a single rock formation| Fitowar da aka nuna a gefen dama na hoton da kuma Dutsen Sail Rock sun kasance sau ɗaya samuwar dutse
Fayil:Parus_rock_(art).jpg|alt=View from the coastal slope| Duba daga gangaren bakin teku
Fayil:Parus_Rock_view_from_the_Black_Sea.JPG|alt=View from the Black Sea| Duba daga Bahar Maliya
Fayil:Path_to_the_rock_Parus.jpg|alt=The challenging trail to Sail Rock| Hanyar ƙalubale zuwa Sail Rock
Fayil:Парус_скала_3.jpg|alt=Sail Rock at sunset| Sail Rock a faɗuwar rana


## Manazarta
Kogin Escalante

**Kogin Escalante** wani yanki ne na Kogin Colorado . An kafa shi ne ta hanyar haɗuwa da Upper Valley da Birch Creeks kusa da garin Escalante a kudu maso tsakiyar Utah, kuma daga can yana gudana kudu maso gabas kusan    kafin ya shiga Lake Powell. Rashin ruwa ya haɗa da tsaunukan gandun daji na Aquarius Plateau, gangaren gabas na Kaiparowits Plateau, da kuma babban hamada a arewacin Tafkin Powell. Ita ce kogi na ƙarshe na girmansa da za a gano a cikin Jihohin Amurka 48 da ke kusa. Matsakaicin fitarwa kusan 146 cfs (4.1 m3/s).

Almon Thompson ne ya fara tsara kogin kuma ya sanya masa suna, memba na balaguron Kogin Colorado na 1872 wanda John Wesley Powell ya jagoranta. An sanya masa suna ne bayan Silvestre Vélez de Escalante, mai wa'azi na Franciscan kuma sanannen mai binciken Turai na farko na yankin. A shekara ta 1776, Escalante da shugabansu na Mutanen Espanya Francisco Atanasio Domínguez sun bar Santa Fe, New Mexico a cikin ƙoƙari na isa Monterey, California. A lokacin wannan tafiya, yawanci ana kiranta da balaguron Domínguez-Escalante, Escalante da sahabbansa sun wuce Grand Canyon kuma su ne fararen mutane na farko da suka shiga Utah.

Yawancin hanyoyin Kogin Escalante suna ta hanyar gorges na sandstone. Kogin da tsaunuka masu tsawo waɗanda ke gudana a ciki sun zama babban sashi na Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument. Wannan yanki mai ban sha'awa sanannen wuri ne don yawo da tafiya-tafiye.

Ga mafi yawan shekara, Kogin Escalante karamin rafts ne, sauƙin tsallakewa ko waded. A lokacin bazara da kuma lokacin bazara, duk da haka, kogin na iya zama mai tsananin gaske, mai laka sau goma zuwa ɗari ya fi girma. A wasu shekaru, ana iya gudana kogin ta amfani da kayak ko canoes (ƙwarewa sun yi yawa), amma wannan yana buƙatar lokaci mai kyau - ruwa wanda ya yi tsayi ko ƙasa zai iya sa tafiya ba zai yiwu ba, masu jirgin ruwa - da kuma shirye-shiryen ɗaukar Jiragen ruwa ɗaruruwan ƙafafun tsaye a ƙarshen tafiya.

 

## Manazarta
Rashin teku na Paris

Paris-Plages ("Paris Beaches"; har zuwa 2006 Paris-Plage a cikin mutum ɗaya) wani shiri ne wanda ofishin magajin garin Paris ke gudanarwa wanda ke ƙirƙirar rairayin bakin teku na wucin gadi a kowane bazara tare da kogin Seine a tsakiyar Paris, kuma, tun 2007, tare da Bassin de la Villette a arewa maso gabashin Paris. Kowace Yuli da Agusta, ana rufe hanyoyi a bakin kogin Seine kuma suna karbar bakuncin ayyuka daban-daban, gami da rairayin bakin teku da itatuwan dabino.

## Tarihi
Mazaunan birni na Faransa suna tserewa zuwa bakin teku ko ƙauyuka a lokacin rani, musamman a watan Agusta. Ana kauce wa Paris, saboda yanayin yana da zafi da zafi, kuma cibiyar tana da masu yawon bude ido da yawa. Duk da haka, a kowane lokacin rani ana tilasta wa mazauna da yawa su kasance a cikin birni, duk da haka ba tare da son rai ba. Shirin Paris-Plages ya samo asali ne a cikin 2002 daga Bertrand Delanoë, sabon magajin garin da aka zaba na Jam'iyyar Socialist, a matsayin mafaka don sauƙaƙa wahalar waɗanda suka taru a cikin birni mai kumbura.

Da farko akwai rairayin bakin teku guda ɗaya a kan Rive Droite . A shekara ta 2006, an kara rairayin bakin teku na biyu a kan Rive Gauche, kuma sunan shirin ya canza daga mutum ɗaya zuwa jam'i. Ba kamar rairayin bakin teku da yawa a Faransa ba, ba a ba da izinin wanka ba tare da rana ba. Ba a ba da izinin yin iyo a cikin Seine ba, saboda dalilai na aminci.

Shirin ya tabbatar da babban nasara; yawan baƙi ya karu a kowace shekara kuma ya kai miliyan huɗu a cikin 2007. Kowace kakar, ana ƙara sabbin fasalulluka. Wadannan sun hada da jirgin ruwa wanda ke haɗa koguna biyu, tafkin iyo mai iyo, da kuma wani rairayin bakin teku a La Villette, a kusurwar arewa maso gabashin birnin.

LafargeHolcim ne ya gina rairayin bakin teku kyauta daga 2002 zuwa 2017, lokacin da birnin Paris ya dakatar da kwangilar su don ramawa ga shawarar Lafarge Hollycim na gina bango a kan iyakar Mexico da Amurka da Shugaba Donald Trump ya yi alkawari. 

## Rikici na sunan Touquet
Sunan "Paris-Plage" an sanya shi alama ce a shekara ta 2002. A watan Agustan shekara ta 2006, ofishin magajin gari ya kai karar Garin Le Touquet-Paris-Plage saboda ya shafi alamar kasuwanci ta hanyar amfani da kalmar "Paris- Plage" a cikin tallan yawon bude ido. An gaishe wannan da shakku, tun lokacin da sunan garin ya kasance daga 1912, bisa ga amfani da shi a baya. An sauke karar a shekara ta 2008. 

## Manazarta
Gorran Haven

**Gorran Haven** ( Cornish   )  ƙauyen masu kamun kifi ne, a cikin farar hula na St Goran, a kudu maso gabar Cornwall, Ingila, Burtaniya. Yana da nisan  kudu da Mevagissey kuma ya ta'allaka ne a cikin Yankin Cornwall na Kyakkyawan Halittun Halitta (AONB). 

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya

Ƙauyen yana cikin kogin tsakanin rairayin bakin teku guda biyu. Vault Beach (wanda aka fi sani da rairayin bakin teku na Bow) yana kudu da Gorran Haven kuma Great Perhaver Beach yana arewa, rairayin rairayin kan teku ne.

Gorran Haven tsohuwar tashar kamun kifi ce; an gina tashar jirgin ruwa ta farko a karni na 15. A cikin ƙarni na 18 da 19 ya zama tashar jiragen ruwa da ke kula da kayayyaki da aka kawo daga Fowey ta hanyar jirage da masu kunna wuta. An sake gina tashar jirgin ruwa a cikin shekarun 1820 kuma an sake gina ta a cikin 1888.  Akwai majami'u biyu a ƙauyen, Ikilisiyar Haven (a baya Dutsen Sihiyona), da Ikilisiyar St Just. An yi amfani da Ikilisiyar St Just a matsayin ɗakin kifi sama da ƙarni daya. A cikin 1812 Congregationalists na Mevagissey sun koma cikin Haven ta amfani da St Just a matsayin Gidan Taron su kuma suna magana da shi a matsayin tsohuwar Chapel Cellar. Cocin Haven cocin ne wanda ba na addini ba.

Gidan Tarihin Cinema a London yana da fina-finai na gida na ƙauyen a cikin shekarun 1950. https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1OJqSWnOFAn6RJ24jtwb21Z4Hv5svJjbp/edit#gid=2059894427

## Shahararrun mazauna

* Sir Richard Dearlove (1945-), ma'aikacin gwamnati, an haife shi kuma ya kasance yaro a ƙauyen.
* Charles William Peach (1800-1886), masanin halitta da masanin ilimin ƙasa, ya zauna a ƙauyen kuma ya yi aiki a cikin shimfidar wuri,  akwai takarda ga ƙwaƙwalwarsa a ƙauyukan.
* Ben Peach (1842-1926), ɗan Charles, masanin ilimin ƙasa, an haife shi a ƙauyen.
* Colin Wilson (1931-2013), marubuci, ya zauna a ƙauyen sama da shekaru 50.

## Manazarta