Yaren Sheng slang

**Sheng** cant Swahili da Ingilishi, watakila wani gauraye harshe ko creole, wanda ya samo asali ne daga cikin birane matasa na Nairobi, Kenya, kuma yawancin harsunan da ake magana a can sun rinjaye shi. Duk da yake da farko yare ne na matasa na birane, ya bazu a cikin zamantakewar al'umma da kuma ƙasa zuwa makwabta Tanzania da Uganda.

## Etimology da tarihi
Kalmar "**h**">S" **Eng** ƙirƙira ta ne daga harsuna biyu waɗanda galibi aka samo daga: Swahili da Ingilishi. An **h** "h" daga tsakiyar "Swahili" saboda "Seng" zai yi kama da baƙon abu.  fara rubuta kalmar ne a shekarar 1965.

Ya samo asali ne a farkon shekarun 1950 a yankin Eastlands na Nairobi (wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "ƙauye", "ghetto" ko "ƙauyen gari"), Sheng yanzu ana jin sa a tsakanin direbobin Matatu / kayan aiki a duk yankin, da kuma a cikin shahararrun kafofin watsa labarai. Yawancin kalmomin Sheng ana gabatar da su a cikin al'ummomi da makarantu daban-daban kuma masu fasahar kiɗa waɗanda suka haɗa su a cikin kalmomin su, saboda haka saurin ci gaba. Ana iya ɗauka cewa ita ce yaren farko na yawancin 'yan Kenya a cikin birane.

Kamar duk wani karin magana, matasa ne ke amfani da Sheng kuma yana daga cikin al'adun gargajiya a Kenya. Har ila yau, yana canzawa da sauri, yayin da ake motsa kalmomi cikin da kuma fita daga amfani da maganganu. Ya sami amfani mai yawa tsakanin masu fasahar hip hop kamar Kalamashaka da G.rongi a yankin Great Lakes na Afirka a cikin '90s, duka manyan da "ƙasa" (wanda kiɗan sa ya taimaka wajen yada harshe da kuma ba da gudummawa ga sauye-sauye ko sauye-shirye a cikin ƙamus na Sheng), da kuma tsakanin kusan dukkanin ɗaliban jami'a da makarantar sakandare, ba koyaushe ba a haɗa har sai Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Kenya ya lura da hauhawar a cikin aji da bambancin. Masu gabatar da rediyo John Karani, Jeff Mwangemi da Prince Otach, da sauransu, sun kai shi ga al'ada ta hanyar gabatar da shirye-shiryen rediyo na farko ta amfani da kalmomin Sheng a watsa shirye-shirye na kasa. A shekara ta 2010 kusan kowane shirin watsa labarai yana da wani nau'i na sheng shi.

Kodayake harshe, haɗin kai, da yawancin ƙamus sun samo asali ne daga Swahili, Sheng ya ranta daga harsunan wasu manyan kabilun Kenya, gami da Luhya, Gikuyu, Luo da Kamba. Ana kuma aro kalmomi daga harsunan da ba harshe na gida ba ko Ingilishi - kamar kalmar Sheng morgen "safiya" - kalmar Sheng da aka yi amfani da ita a wasu yankuna tare da irin wannan ma'anar a cikin Jamusanci.

Kalmomin Sheng na iya bambanta sosai a cikin yankuna daban-daban na Kenya da kuma yankin Great Lakes na Afirka, har ma tsakanin unguwanni a Nairobi. Matasa da yawa da ke zaune a babban birnin sau da yawa suna amfani da yaren a matsayin hanyar sadarwa ta yau da kullun maimakon Swahili ko Ingilishi.

Yawancin Gen Z da Millennials suna sauƙin daidaitawa da wasu bambance-bambance na Sheng kamar Shembeteng, Shengilo da Shengtezo.

Amfani da dandamali na kafofin sada zumunta kamar TikTok sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban Sheng.

## Sheng a cikin wallafe-wallafen
Rubuce-rubucen amfani da Sheng a cikin wallafe-wallafen har yanzu ƙaramin abu ne. Wasu waƙoƙi a cikin mujallar wallafe-wallafen Afirka Kwani? an buga su a cikin Sheng, amma littafi na farko kuma kawai a cikin wannan harshe shine "Lafudhi hip hop poetry in Sheng" (2015), wanda G rongi ya rubuta.

## Misali na ƙamus

### Misalan

## Dubi kuma

* Engsh
* Turanci na Kenya

## Manazarta

## Ƙarin wallafe-wallafen

* Abdulaziz, Mohamed H. da Ken Osinde . 1997. Sheng da Engsh: ci gaban lambobin da aka haɗu tsakanin matasa na birane a Kenya. *Jaridar Duniya ta Sociology of Language* 125 (Matsalar Harshen Harshen A Afirka ta Kudu), shafi na 45-63.&nbsp;
* Barasa, Sandra Nekesa, da Maarten Mous. "Engsh, yaren matasa na tsakiya na Kenya daidai da Sheng. " Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 32, no. 1 (2017): 48-74.
* Beck, Rose Marie. 2015. "Sheng: wani birni iri-iri na Swahili a Kenya." Ayyukan Harshen Matasa a Afirka da Bayan, Nico Nassenstein da Andrea Hollington, (eds.) 51-79. Berlin: daga Gruyter
* Bosire, Mokaya 2009. Me ya sa kalmar Sheng ta zama ta musamman? Yin amfani da kalmomi a cikin harsuna masu gauraye. A cikin AkinloyeOjo & Lioba Moshi (Eds), *Zaɓuɓɓukan Ayyuka na Taron Shekara-shekara na 39 kan Harshen Afirka*, 77-85.
* Bosire, Mokaya 2006. Harsuna masu haɗuwa: Shari'ar Sheng . A cikin Olaoba F. Arasanyin & Michael A.Pemberton (Eds). Zaɓuɓɓukan Ayyuka na Taron Shekara-shekara na 36 kan ilimin harshe na Afirka, 185-193.
* Erastus, Fridah Kanana, da Ellen Hurst-Harosh. *Misalai na ƙauyuka da birane a Sheng (Kenya) da Tsotsitaal (Afirka ta Kudu) *. [Hasiya]
* [Hasiya] *Sheng ƙamus.*Buga na uku. Nairobi: Masu wallafa Ginseng.
* Fink, Teresa Kathleen. 2005. *Halin da ake yi wa harsuna a Nairobi*. Rashin jituwa. Jami'ar Pittsburgh.
* Githinji, Bitrus. 2005. Sheng da bambance-bambance: Ginawa da tattaunawar asalin da aka tsara. Rubuce-rubucen PhD, Jami'ar Jihar Michigan.
* Githinji, Bitrus. 2006. Bazes da Shibboleths: Bambancin Magana da Shaidar Sheng Speakers a Nairobi. *Jaridar Nordic ta Nazarin Afirka* 15 (4): 443-472.
* Githiora, Chege. 2002. Sheng: yaren tsara, yaren Swahili ko Creole mai tasowa? Jaridar Nazarin Al'adu ta Afirka Volume 15, Number 2, shafi na 159-181.&nbsp;
* Githiora, Chege J. Sheng: tasowa na yaren Swahili na Kenya. [Hotuna a shafi na 9]
* Kanana Erastus, Fridah, da Hilda Kebeya. "Ayyuka na harshe na birane da na matasa a cikin sabbin kafofin watsa labarai: *Harsunan matasa na Afirka: Sabbin kafofin watsa labarai, zane-zane da ci gaban zamantakewar harshe* (2018): 15-52.
* [Hasiya] 2004. Ingancin fahimta: Abin da ya faru na Sheng a Kenya. Pragmatics 14 (1): 55-68.
* Kariuki, Annah, Fridah Erastus Kanana, da Hildah Kebeya. "Ci gaban da amfani da Sheng a cikin tallace-tallace a cikin kasuwancin da aka zaɓa a Kenya". Journal of African Cultural Studies 27, no. 2 (2015): 229-246.
* Kaviti, Lillian. "Daga Stigma zuwa Matsayi-Sheng da Engsh a cikin Yankin Harshe da Littattafai na Kenya". *Matatu* 46 (2015): 223ff.
* Kießling, Roland & Maarten Mous. 2004. Harsunan Matasa na Birane a Afirka. Anthropological Linguistics 46 (3): 303-341
* Sarki'ei, Kitula, da John Kobia. "Lugha Kama Kitambulisho: Changamoto ya Sheng Nchini Kenya". Nordic Journal of African Studies 16, No. 3 (2007).
* Kioko, Eric. "Mutane-mutane na yanki da 'ƙabilar' rajistar Sheng. " Ayyukan yaren matasa a Afirka da bayan (2015): 119-148.
* Mazrui, Alamin 1995. Slang da Codeswitching: Shari'ar Sheng a Kenya. *Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere* 42: 168-179.
* [Hasiya] 2002. *Trilingual Codeswitching a Kenya - Shaida daga Ekegusii, Kiswahili, Turanci da Sheng.* Rubuce-rubucen Doctoral, Universität Hamburg .
* Momanyi, Clara. "Sakamako na'Sheng'in Koyarwar Kiswahili a Makarantu na Kenya". Journal of Pan African Studies (2009).
* Mous, Maarten, da Sandra Barasa. "Kenya: Sheng da Engsh. " A cikin Harshe na Tattaunawa da Canjin Harshe, shafuffuka na 105-124. &nbsp;[Hasiya]
* Mutiga, Jayne. "Sakamako na harshe ya bazu a kan ilimin mutane: Shari'ar Sheng'in Kenya". Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa 4, no. 1 (2013): 1-15.
* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] 2005. A kan Lexicalization a cikin Sheng. *Jaridar Nordic ta Nazarin Afirka* 14 (3): 334-355.
* Samper, David. 2002. Magana da Sheng: Matsayin Harshe na Halitta a cikin Gina Gaskiya da Al'adun Matasa a Nairobi Kenya. PhD Dissertation, Jami'ar Pennsylvania.
* [Hasiya] 1987. Sheng: wasu bincike na farko a cikin harshen titin Nairobi da ya fito kwanan nan. *Jaridar Anthropological Society* 18 (1): 125-136.
* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] 2015. "Wasu maganganu game da fannoni na waka na Sheng". Global Repertoires and Urban Fluidity. *Bayanan Duniya da Gudun Birane. Harsunan Matasa a Afirka*, Nico Nassenstein da Andrea Hollington, (eds.) 227-256. Berlin: daga Gruyter

## Haɗin waje

* Sheng - Ƙamus da Mai Fassara
* Talking Sheng: Matsayin harshe mai haɗuwa a cikin gina ainihi da al'adun matasa a Nairobi, Kenya
* Harsunan Afirka - Sheng - Turanci-Sheng/Sheng-Ingilishi lexicon