John Paulson

**John Alfred Paulson** (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Disamba, 1955) wani hamshakin attajiri ne na Amurka wanda ke kula da asusun hedge . Yana jagorantar Paulson &amp;amp; Co., wani kamfanin kula da saka hannun jari da ya kafa a shekarar 1994 a birnin New York  An kira shi "ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mutane a fannin manyan kuɗaɗe". 

Ya sami mafi yawan dukiyarsa a shekarar 2007 lokacin da ya sami kusan dala biliyan 4 kuma an canza shi daga wani mai kula da kuɗi mara sani zuwa wani tatsuniya ta kuɗi"  ta hanyar amfani da musayar bashi don yin fare yadda ya kamata akan kasuwar lamunin jinginar gida mai ƙarancin daraja ta Amurka . A shekarar 2010, Paulson ya sami dala biliyan 4.9.  *Forbes* ta kiyasta cewa dukiyarsa ta kai dala biliyan 3.8 a watan Agusta 2025. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Paulson a ranar 14 ga Disamba, 1955, a Queens, birnin New York, shi ne na uku cikin 'ya'ya huɗu na Alfred G. Paulson    (1924–2002) da Jacqueline (ɗan Boklan, 1926–2018). 

An haifi mahaifinsa Alfredo Guillermo Paulsen a Ecuador ga mahaifin ɗan Faransa rabin zuriyarsa, ɗan Norway kuma mahaifiyarsa 'yar Ecuador ce. Alfredo ya zama maraya yana da shekaru goma sha biyar, kuma yana da shekaru goma sha shida ya ƙaura zuwa Los Angeles tare da ƙanensa, Alberto. Alfredo ya shiga rundunar sojojin Amurka, inda ya yi aiki kuma aka raunata shi a Italiya a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. Daga baya ya canza sunansa daga Paulsen zuwa Paulson.  

Mahaifiyar John, Jacqueline, 'yar baƙi ce daga Lithuania da Romania waɗanda suka ƙaura zuwa birnin New York. Ta haɗu da Alfredo yayin da suke halartar UCLA . Sun yi aure suka ƙaura zuwa birnin New York, inda Alfredo ya yi aiki a Arthur Andersen  daga baya kuma ya zama babban jami'in kuɗi a kamfanin hulɗa da jama'a na Ruder Finn .  

Bayan ya bar jami'a sannan ya fahimci cewa hanyar da ya zaɓa a baya a fannin tallace-tallace ba za ta samar da ingantaccen kuɗi ba, John Paulson ya koma NYU a 1976, inda ya fara yin fice a fannin nazarin kasuwanci.  A 1978, ya kammala karatunsa na digiri na uku a fannin kuɗi daga Kwalejin Kasuwanci da Gudanar da Jama'a ta Jami'ar New York.  Ya ci gaba da karatunsa na Harvard Business School, a kan tallafin karatu na Sidney J. Weinberg / Goldman Sachs, inda ya sami digiri na MBA a matsayin George F. Baker Scholar (mafi girman kashi 5 cikin 100 na ajinsa) a 1980. 

## Sana'a
Paulson ya fara aikinsa a Boston Consulting Group a shekarar 1980 inda ya yi bincike, yana ba da shawara ga kamfanoni. Da yake da sha'awar yin aiki a Wall Street, ya tafi ya shiga Odyssey Partners inda ya yi aiki tare da Leon Levy . Ya koma Bear Stearns yana aiki a sashen haɗaka da saye-saye, sannan ya koma Gruss Partners LP, inda ya kasance babban abokin tarayya. 

A shekarar 1994, ya kafa asusun ajiyarsa na kansa, Paulson &amp;amp; Co., tare da dala miliyan 2 da ma'aikaci ɗaya,  wanda ke cikin ofishi da aka yi haya daga Bear Stearns a hawa na 26 na 277 Park Avenue . Kamfanin ya koma 57th da Madison a shekarar 2001. Zuwa shekarar 2003, asusunsa ya karu zuwa dala miliyan 300. 

Paulson da kamfaninsa sun ƙware a fannin zuba jari na "bisa ga abubuwan da suka faru" - wato a haɗaka, saye-saye, yin amfani da na'urori masu sarrafa kansu, gasannin wakili, da sauransu - kuma ya yi ɗaruruwan irin waɗannan jarin a tsawon aikinsa. Yawancin abubuwan da suka faru sun haɗa da sulhun haɗin gwiwa - wanda aka bayyana a matsayin jira "har sai wani kamfani ya sanar da cewa yana siyan wani, yana gaggawar siyan hannun jarin kamfanin da aka nufa, yana rage hannun jarin mai siye (sai dai idan ciniki ne na kuɗi), sannan ya sami bambancin farashin hannun jari biyu lokacin da haɗin gwiwar ya ƙare."  Misalin jarin da Paulson ya saka a taron wakili shi ne a lokacin gasar wakilcin Yahoo a watan Mayu na 2008, lokacin da Carl Icahn ya ƙaddamar da yaƙin wakili don ƙoƙarin maye gurbin hukumar Yahoo. 

A shekarar 2010, ya kafa wani tarihi na asusun ajiyar kuɗi ta hanyar samun kusan dala biliyan 5 a cikin shekara guda,  galibi yana saka hannun jari a fannin zinare.  Duk da haka, a shekarar 2011, ya yi asarar jari a Bankin Amurka,  Citigroup  da kuma kamfanin Sino-Forest Corporation, wanda ake zargi da zamba a China.  Babban asusunsa, Paulson Advantage Fund, ya faɗi sosai a shekarar 2011. Paulson ya kuma zama babban mai saka hannun jari a fannin zinare .  A shekarar 2025, an buga cewa wani ma'adinan zinare da aka yi watsi da shi a Idaho wanda Paulson ke iko da shi, yana shirin farfaɗo da shi tare da kawo riba mai yawa ga Paulson da kamfaninsa. 

## Matsalar jinginar gida ta ƙasa
Paulson ya shahara a duniya a shekarar 2007 ta hanyar rage kasuwar gidaje ta Amurka, yayin da ya hango matsalar jinginar gida mai ƙarancin daraja da kuma yin fare akan jinginar gida da aka tallafa wa jinginar gida ta hanyar saka hannun jari a cikin musanyar bashi . Wani lokaci ana kiransa da mafi girman ciniki a tarihi, kamfanin Paulson ya sami arziki kuma ya sami sama da dala biliyan 4 da kansa akan wannan cinikin kawai. 

Paulson ya yi aiki tare da Goldman Sachs don samar da kuɗi don rancen gidaje marasa inganci a Arizona, California, Florida da Nevada. Tare, Paulson da Goldman sun ƙirƙiri hanyar saka hannun jari ta Abacus 2007-AC1 kuma sun riƙe fare na Paulson akan kadarorin da aka ɓoye daga mutanen da suka saya. Paulson ya tsere daga shari'a saboda kamfaninsa ya dage cewa koyaushe yana da gaskiya game da ra'ayinsa game da jinginar gidaje da aka amince da su kuma kadarorin ba su da haɗari. Hukumar Tsaro da Musayar Kuɗi ta kai ƙarar Goldman kuma dole ne ya cimma matsaya kan Abacus.   A ranar 15 ga Yuli, 2010, Goldman ya yanke shawara a waje da kotu, yana amincewa ya biya SEC da masu zuba jari dala miliyan 550, gami da dala miliyan 300 ga gwamnatin Amurka da dala miliyan 250 ga masu zuba jari, ɗaya daga cikin manyan tarar da wani kamfanin Wall Street ya taɓa biya. 

## Ra'ayoyin siyasa da tattalin arziki
Paulson ya bayar da gudummawar dala 140,000 ga 'yan takara da jam'iyyu tsakanin 2000 da 2010, kashi 45% na wadanda suka tafi ga 'yan Republican, kashi 16% ga 'yan Democrat, da kuma kashi 36% ga masu ruwa da tsaki na musamman,  ciki har da tsohon kakakin majalisar wakilai John Boehner . 

A shekarar 2008, Paulson ya rubuta wani rubutu da aka wallafa *a mujallar Wall Street Journal* wanda ke nuna wani zaɓi na daban ga shirin Sakataren Baitulmali na daidaita kasuwanni. Tsarin madadin ya haɗa da sake fasalin cibiyoyin kuɗi masu fama da matsaloli ta hanyar kashe kuɗaɗen Shirin Rage Kadarorin da ke cikin matsala na dala biliyan 700 don siyan hannun jarin da suka fi so maimakon "mafi munin kadarorinsu". 

A shekarar 2008, yayin da yake ba da shaida a gaban Kwamitin Kulawa da Gyaran Gwamnati na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka, an tambayi Paulson game da ƙarancin harajin da ake biya kan ribar jari na dogon lokaci kuma yana ɗauke da ribar riba kuma Paulson ya amsa "Ina ganin yanayin harajinmu yana da adalci."  A cikin wata hira da ya yi da mujallar *Bloomberg Businessweek* a shekarar 2012, ya nuna rashin jin daɗinsa game da ƙungiyar Occupy Wall Street, yana cewa, "Muna biyan haraji da yawa, musamman zama a New York - akwai kusan kashi 13 cikin ɗari na harajin birni da jiha. ... Yawancin yankuna za su so a sami kamfanoni masu nasara kamar namu a can. Na tabbata idan muna son zuwa Singapore, za su fitar da jajayen kafet don jawo hankalinmu." 

A shekarar 2011, Paulson ya bayar da gudummawar dala miliyan 1 ga ƙungiyar Mitt Romney mai suna Super PAC Restore Our Future .  A ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 2012, Paulson ya shirya wani taron tara kuɗi a gidansa da ke birnin New York don takarar shugabancin Romney. 

A taron zuba jari na Puerto Rico na 2014 da aka gudanar a San Juan, Paulson ya ce: "Puerto Rico za ta zama Singapore ta Caribbean." An ruwaito cewa Paulson yana zuba jari a cikin basussukan kananan hukumomi da kuma ci gaban gidaje na yankin, kuma yana gina gida a wani wurin shakatawa. 

### Goyon baya ga Donald Trump
Paulson ya samu kulawar manema labarai lokacin da ya goyi bayan Donald Trump nan take bayan da Trump ya sami tikitin takarar Republican a shekarar 2016.  Paulson ya yi aiki a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan masu ba da shawara kan tattalin arziki ga yakin neman zaben Trump na 2016.   Paulson ya kulla dangantaka da Trump kafin yakin neman zaben, inda Paulson da sauran masu zuba jari suka sayar da Doral Golf Resort &amp;amp; Spa ga Trump a shekarar 2012.  Tare da matarsa, Paulson ya bayar da gudummawar dala $831,370 ga yakin neman zaben Trump na 2020. 

Paulson ya kasance babban mai tara kuɗi don kamfen ɗin Donald Trump na 2024.   A ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 2024, kamfen ɗin Trump ya ba da rahoton tara kuɗi dala miliyan 50.5 a gidan John Paulson's Palm Beach .  An ruwaito cewa Trump ya yi la'akari da Paulson ya zama Sakataren Baitulmali, amma an zaɓi Scott Bessent a maimakon haka. 

## Arziki da taimakon jama'a
Tsakanin 2009 da 2011, Paulson ya bayar da gudummawar sadaka da dama, ciki har da dala miliyan 15 ga Cibiyar Ba da Lamuni Mai Alhaki, dala miliyan 20 ga Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Jami'ar New York (wanda yanzu aka sanya wa suna bayan Paulson), dala miliyan 5 ga Asibitin Southampton da ke Long Island, dala miliyan 15 don gina asibitin yara a Guayaquil, Ecuador, da kuma fam miliyan 2.5 ga Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London don Shugaban John A. Paulson a Tattalin Arzikin Siyasar Turai.   

A watan Oktoban 2012, Paulson ya ba da gudummawar dala miliyan 100 ga Central Park Conservancy, ƙungiyar agaji da ke kula da Central Park ta birnin New York. A lokacin bayar da gudummawar, kyautar ta wakilci mafi girman gudummawar kuɗi a tarihin tsarin wuraren shakatawa na birnin New York.  A watan Yunin 2015, Paulson ya ba da gudummawar dala miliyan 400 ga Makarantar Injiniya da Kimiyyar Aiwatarwa ta Jami'ar Harvard (SEAS), babbar kyauta da aka samu a tarihin jami'ar. Bayan bayar da gudummawar, an sake sanya wa makarantar injiniya suna Makarantar Injiniya da Kimiyyar Aiwatarwa ta Harvard John A. Paulson.   A wata mai zuwa, ya ba da gudummawar dala miliyan 8.5 ga babbar ƙungiyar makarantun haya ta birnin New York, Success Academy, don sauya ilimin jama'a da kuma buɗe makarantun tsakiya a yankin Bedford-Stuyvesant na Brooklyn da kuma a yankin Hell's Kitchen na Manhattan. 

A shekarar 2022, Jami'ar New York ta sanar da cewa Paulson ta bayar da gudummawar dala miliyan 100 don sabon gini a harabar Washington Square. An sanya wa ginin suna Cibiyar John A. Paulson don girmama kyautar. 

A shekarar 2024, Jami'ar Hebrew ta Urushalima ta ba Paulson lambar girmamawa ta digirin digirgir saboda gudunmawar da ya bayar wajen taimakon al'umma ga cibiyoyin al'adu da ilimi na Isra'ila. Tallafin da ya bayar ga shirye-shiryen Isra'ila ya haɗa da alƙawarin dala miliyan 27 na kafa Ginin Paulson Bar-El don Kimiyyar Kwamfuta da Injiniya a Jami'ar Hebrew. Paulson ya kuma ba da gudummawa sosai ga Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Tel Aviv a shekarar 2021 don bikin cika shekaru 90 da kafuwar gidan tarihi kuma ya tallafa wa Cibiyar Fasaha ta Urushalima. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
A shekara ta 2000, Paulson ya auri Jenny Zaharia a wani bikin Episcopalian a Southampton, New York ; Jenny baƙuwa ce 'yar ƙasar Romania wadda ta zo Amurka bayan ɗan'uwanta George, wani tauraro a tseren mota a Romania, ya koma Queens . Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu kuma suna zaune a mafi yawan shekara a wani gida mai faɗin murabba'in ƙafa 28,500 a Titin East 86th, wanda aka saya a shekara ta 2004 akan dala miliyan 14.7. Paulson kuma yana da gida a Aspen, Colorado, wanda aka saya akan dala miliyan 24.5 a shekara ta 2010 da kuma wani kadara a Southampton wanda ya saya akan dala miliyan 41 a shekara ta 2008.

A shekarar 2017, Paulson da matarsa sun rubuta wasiƙa zuwa ga fitattun Makarantar Manhattan Spence, suna barazanar janye tallafin kuɗi idan makarantar ta ci gaba da "tsarin da ke tsoratarwa" na "ƙiyayya da koyarwar fararen fata". A cikin wasiƙar, sun bayyana cewa: "A gaskiya ma ga yara na kowane jinsi, mun yi imani da cewa makarantu ya kamata su daraja kuma su ayyana nasara ta fuskar aiki tuƙuru, nasarorin da aka samu, cancanta, jajircewa ga tsauraran matakan ilimi, da kuma mutuncin mutum." 

Paulson ya shigar da ƙarar saki a watan Satumba na 2021, amma daga baya ya janye ƙarar sakinsa domin ɓangarorin biyu su iya yin shawarwari a wajen kotu da kuma wajen kafofin watsa labarai.  A shekarar 2022, Zaharia ta kai Paulson ƙarar neman diyya ta dala biliyan 1. 

A shekarar 2024, an ruwaito cewa Paulson ya yi alkawarin auren Alina de Almeida, mai shekaru 35 a fannin abinci mai gina jiki.  

A watan Satumba na 2025, Wakilin jam'iyyar Republican Thomas Massie ya zargi Paulson da sanya masa suna a cikin "littafin baƙar fata" na Jeffrey Epstein . 

## Duba kuma

* *Fim ɗin The Big Short da The Big Short (fim ɗin)* sun ba da labarin abubuwan da suka faru da yawa da aka bayyana a cikin littafin Gregory Zuckerman na 2009 *mai suna The Greatest Trade Ever: The Behind-the-Scenes Story of How John Paulson Defeied Wall Street and Made Financial History.*
* Jerin tsofaffin ɗaliban Jami'ar New York
* Jerin Ma'aikatan Jami'ar Harvard

## Manazarta