William Loring Andrews

**William Loring Andrews** (Satumba 9, 1837 - Maris 19, 1920) ya kasance ɗan Amurka ne mai tattara littattafai, mawallafi, kuma mai kula da littattafai. Ya kasance amintacce kuma mai kula da laburare na farko na Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Metropolitan na New York kuma mai fafutukar kare shi tsawon shekaru arba'in. Daga 1888 zuwa 1892, ya yi aiki a matsayin wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban ƙungiyar Grolier .  Shi ne kuma wanda ya kafa kuma shi kaɗai ne shugaban ƙungiyar Iconophiles.  Ya kasance "mai sha'awar tattara littattafai, kwafi, zane-zane, da faranti masu ban sha'awa." 

Ya buga littattafai 36,  kusan 24 daga cikinsu ya rubuta; da yawa cikakkun bayanai game da "jigogi masu kama da littafi" da/ko tarihin birnin New York . Andrews "ya zaɓi takarda, rubutu, da mannewa" don duk littattafansa, yayin da ED French da Sidney L. Smith suka samar da kayan zane da sauran abubuwan zane.

A cewar Met, "Andrews babban ƙarfi ne a farkon zamanin The Met, kuma shi ne babban mutum a cikin ci gaba da haɓaka tarin littattafai a babban ɗakin karatu na The Met."

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi William Loring Andrews a ranar 9 ga Satumba, 1837, a Manhattan, New York. An haife shi ga Caroline C. Delamater Andrews da Loring Andrews. Wani bincike da aka yi bayan mutuwarsa ya yi iƙirarin cewa "ya fito ne daga zuriyar wannan 'bautar farko' William Andrews, ɗaya daga cikin Kamfanin Davenport wanda ya 'yi jirgin ruwa daga Boston a 1638 ya zauna a garin Quinnipiac, wanda daga baya suka kira shi New Haven ." 

A ranar 17 ga Oktoba, 1860, Andrews ya auri Jane E. Crane (mahaifinta Theodore Crane ne). Sun haifi 'ya'ya maza biyu: Loring William Andrews da Theodore Crane Andrews.  'Ya'yan biyu sun mutu a ƙuruciyarsu.  Loring W. Andrews ya mutu a shekara ta 1882 yana ɗalibi a Yale, saboda "rashin harbin bindiga da aka yi masa yayin da yake yawon buɗe ido a harbin agwagwa." Theodore ya mutu a shekara ta 1878, kuma an bayyana shi a matsayin "mai haske a hankali da kuma shiga cikin ɗabi'u... Ɗanɗanonsa da aiwatarwarsa a cikin Kiɗa ba su da ban mamaki. Ya yi karatun Harmony yana ɗan shekara goma sha biyu, kuma an nuna ƙwarewarsa ta lissafi tun yana ƙarami." 'Ya'yan biyu sun kasance masu son tattarawa kamar mahaifinsu. 

## Ritaya da Gidan Tarihi na Metropolitan na Fasaha

A shekarar 1878, Andrews ya yi ritaya daga harkar fata da faya-fayan mahaifinsa. Ya fara samun lokacin hutu saboda ritayarsa, wanda hakan ya ba shi damar shiga cikin Metropolitan.

A watan Maris na shekarar 1880, an buɗe ginin farko na Met a Central Park, wanda Calbert Vaux da Jacob Wrey Mould suka tsara. A ranar 28 ga Agusta na shekarar 1880, Andrews ya rubuta wa daraktan Metropolitan Luigi Palma di Cesnola, "Zan dawo gari nan da tsakiyar watan Satumba da isasshen lokacin hutu don yin abin da zan iya don in kasance a Gidan Tarihi kuma musamman don ƙoƙarin inganta ɗakin karatu - ina so in sami wanda zai fara shi da dala 10,000." Lokacin da Gidan Tarihi ya ƙaura daga titin 14 zuwa gininsa a wurin shakatawa, Andrews "ya ɗauki abubuwa da yawa a cikin kwanduna, da kansa, don hana cutar da ke zuwa musu," wanda ya burge Shugaban Met Cesnola da sadaukarwarsa.  A wannan shekarar, Metropolitan ta naɗa Andrews a matsayin babban mai kula da laburarensa na farko.

Yana zaune a titin 38 kuma yana tafiya zuwa Metropolitan da keke.

A shekarar 1885, Andrews ya nemi ƙwararren mai sassaka Edwin Davis French ya ƙirƙiri farantin littattafai na farko na ɗakin karatu na The Met. Sidney Lawton Smith ya tsara farantin littattafai na Andrew a cikin shekara da ba a sani ba.

A shekarar 1895, an naɗa Andrews a matsayin Babban Jami'in Laburare domin ya ba wa Met damar ɗaukar ma'aikacin laburare na farko mai cikakken albashi, William Clifford.

A kusan shekarar 1901, Andrews ya aika da kwafin littafinsa *Paul Revere da kuma zane-zanensa* ga mai ba da kuɗi na New Jersey Augustus Lefebvre Revere . AL Revere jikan Paul Revere ne kuma danginsa na ƙarshe da ya rage. Andrews ya gode wa Revere saboda wasiƙar kirkinsa kuma ya bayyana yadda yake jin daɗin tattara zane-zanen kakansa.

## Littattafan tarihi

## Mutuwa da gado

Ya mutu a ranar 19 ga Maris, 1920, a birnin New York kuma aka binne shi a makabartar Green-Wood da ke Brooklyn. 

A ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 1920, an gudanar da wani taron tunawa da Andrews don girmama gadon Andrews. Masu jawabi daga Grolier Club, Society of Iconophiles, da Metropolitan Museum of Art sun halarta kuma sun ƙunshi mahalarta. An bayyana shi a cikin littafin "In Memoriam: William Loring Andrews" na 1921, wani littafi da aka buga a sirri wanda aka rarraba kwafi 50 daga ciki.

## Manazarta