Kotun Aban

**Aban Tribunal**, wanda ba a kira shi Iran Atrocities Tribunal, kotun jama'a ce ta kasa da kasa wacce ta nemi bincika ko an aikata laifuka a kan bil'adama a lokacin zanga-zangar Nuwamba 2019 a Iran. Kotun ta kafa ta ne ta kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu guda uku, Justice for Iran, Iran Human Rights da Together Against the Death Penalty (EPCM).

Kotun ta gudana ne a lokuta biyu daban-daban, a watan Nuwamba 2022 da Fabrairu 2023.

## Tarihi
A ranar 15 ga Nuwamba 2019, gwamnatin Iran ta ba da sanarwar karuwar farashin man fetur a duk faɗin Iran. Wannan ya haifar da zanga-zangar da aka yi a duk fadin kasar. A cikin sa'o'i na zanga-zangar da aka fara, gwamnati ta sanya dokar hana intanet a duk faɗin ƙasar. An dakatar da zanga-zangar cikin mako guda.

Kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, ciki har da Amnesty International da Reuters, sun ba da rahoton mutuwar mutane 300 zuwa 1,500. Ba a gudanar da bincike na hukuma game da waɗannan mutuwar da sauran laifuka da aka ruwaito ba.

A watan Nuwamba 2020, shekara guda bayan zanga-zangar, kungiyoyi uku na kare hakkin dan adam ne suka kafa Kotun Aban, Justice for Iran, Human Rights da Together Against the Death Penalty (EPCM). Ba a yi bincike na hukuma ko mai zaman kansa game da laifukan da aka aikata a cikin zanga-zangar mako-mako ba. Kungiyoyin sun ji cewa ana tsananta wa wadanda abin ya shafa da iyalansu, yayin da masu aikata wadannan laifuka suka ji daɗin rashin hukunci.

An shirya kotun a shekara mai zuwa, amma saboda annobar COVID-19 da ƙuntataccen lokaci, an tura shi zuwa Nuwamba 2022. 

Bayan kafa kotun, an yi kira ga jama'a a kafofin sada zumunta don duk wani shaidu ya zo gaba. Kotun ta sami amsoshi sama da 400 gabaɗaya.

## Kotun Aban
Aban Tribunal ya gayyaci kwamitin sanannun lauyoyi shida na duniya, wanda Wayne Jordash ke jagoranta. Kwamitin ya kunshi Elham Saudi, Nursyahbani Katjasungkana, Carla Ferstman, Zak Yacoob da Colleen Rohan .

A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, masu bincike da lauya sun tattara shaidu, karkashin jagorancin Hamid Sabi da Regina Paulose. An ba da shaida ga alƙalai ta hanyar rubuce-rubucen shaidu da aka cire daga tambayoyin, da kuma yin tambayoyi na shaidu, sau da yawa akan kiran bidiyo.

Lauyan ya gayyaci dukkan mutane 160 da ake zargi da su kare a kotun, amma an yi watsi da gayyatar su. Daga cikin wadanda ake tuhuma sun hada da Babban Shugaban Iran, Ali Khamenei, da tsohon shugaban kasar, Ebrahim Raisi.

### Taron Nuwamba 2022
Aban Tribunal ya buɗe a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba 2022 a London, kuma ya ci gaba da kwanaki huɗu. A wannan lokacin, an gabatar da alƙalai tare da shaidu na rayuwa. Yawancin shaidu sun kasance a Iran kuma ba sa son a bayyana ainihin su. A lokuta da yawa, an tambayi shaidu su rufe fuskokinsu da duk wani bayani na ganowa, kuma an karkatar da muryoyin su. 

Shaidu sun fito ne daga dangin wadanda aka kashe, wadanda suka ji rauni a lokacin zanga-zangar, masu wucewa, jami'an da suka sauya sheka, da kuma kwararrun shaidu, ciki har da Shadi Sadr, Bahar Saba da Mohammad Nayyeri. 

Kwamitin ya bincika kuma ya tambayi duk shaidu masu rai da kuma rubuce-rubucen sanarwa.

An watsa zaman Nuwamba kai tsaye a gidan talabijin na Iran kuma an buɗe shi ga jama'a. Dukkanin kafofin watsa labarai na Farisa da na duniya sun halarci taron kuma taron ya sami babban ɗaukar hoto. 

Saboda yaduwar, sama da mutane ɗari sun zo gaba kuma sun tuntubi kotun, suna so su ba da shaidu. Saboda wannan liyafar, an shirya zaman na biyu, wanda zai faru a watan Fabrairu mai zuwa.

### Taron Fabrairu 2023
Bayan da aka yada taron Nuwamba, kotun ta shirya zaman na biyu a watan Fabrairun 2023. Taron ya dauki kwanaki uku kuma ya faru ne a Landan. An rufe taron ga jama'a, kuma mambobin kafofin watsa labarai za su iya shiga ne kawai tare da gayyata. Wasu maganganu an rufe su ga kafofin watsa labarai saboda yanayin su ko haɗarin tsaro.

A cikin wannan zaman, an gabatar da alƙalai tare da ƙarin rubuce-rubuce, kuma an tambayi shaidu. Shaidu sun hada da wadanda abin ya shafa, dangin wadanda abin ya faru, da kuma 'yan majalisa da suka sauya sheka, gami da' yan sanda, Basij da IRGC.

## Hukunce-hukunce
An yanke hukunci na karshe a ranar 30 ga Satumba 2023 a London. Kwamitin ya karanta taƙaitaccen hukuncin ga jama'a.

An yi shari'ar da shaidar ne game da zarge-zargen laifuka a kan bil'adama, wanda ya haɗa da kisan kai, azabtarwa, cin zarafin jima'i, ɗaurin kurkuku na ƙarya da kuma tilasta bacewar masu zanga-zangar da masu kallo a lokacin zanga-zambe na Nuwamba 2019 a duk fadin kasar.

Kwamitin ya kuma gano cewa ba wai kawai an shirya wadannan laifuka ba, amma an ɓoye kwamishinan su, ta hanyar rufe intanet a duk fadin kasar da kuma yin shiru ga wadanda abin ya shafa da iyalansu.

An kammala hukuncin tare da shawarwari, gami da kafa bincike mai zaman kansa, dakatar da duk wani nau'i na tsoratarwa, tayar da martani ga waɗanda ke da hannu, da kuma cire duk dokoki da ayyukan da suka keta haƙƙin ɗan adam.

## Manazarta