Tafkin Naivasha

**Tafkin Naivasha** wani tafki ne na ruwa mai dadi a kasar Kenya, a wajen garin Naivasha da ke gundumar Nakuru, wanda ke arewa maso yammacin Nairobi . Yana cikin Babban Rift Valley . Sunan ya samo asali ne daga sunan Maasai na yankin *ɛnaɨpɔ́sha*, ma'ana "abin da ke ɗagawa," kalmar Maasai gama gari don jikunan ruwa masu girma da za su iya yin motsi lokacin da ake iska ko hadari. Naivasha ta taso ne daga yunƙurin da Birtaniyya ta yi na furta sunan Maasai. A zahiri, *tafkin Naivasha* yana nufin "Lake Lake."

## Wuri

Tafkin Naivasha yana kan tudu mafi tsayi na kwarin Rift na Kenya a  a cikin hadaddun yanayin ƙasa na haɗe-haɗe na dutsen volcanic da ma'auni mai yawa daga babban tafkin Pleistocene Era. Baya ga koguna masu wucewa, kogin Malewa da Gilgil ne ke ciyar da tafkin. Babu wata hanyar da za a iya gani, amma tun da ruwan tafkin yana da ɗanɗano, ana tsammanin yana da fita daga ƙarƙashin ƙasa. 

Tafkin yana da fili mai girman   kafin 2010 kuma ya ƙaru zuwa murabba'in kilomita 198 (76 sq mi) ta 2020.  An kewaye ta da wani fadama wanda ya mamaye fili mai fadin , amma wannan na iya bambanta da yawa dangane da ruwan sama. Yana zaune a tsayin ,  tafkin yana da matsakaicin zurfin , tare da mafi zurfin yanki yana a Tsibirin Crescent, tare da zurfin zurfin  .  Kogin Njorowa ya taɓa kafa mashigar tafkin, amma yanzu yana saman tafkin kuma ya zama hanyar shiga dajin Ƙofar Jahannama . Garin Naivasha (tsohon Gabashin Nakuru) yana kan iyakar arewa maso gabas na tafkin.

## Ilimin halittu

Tafkin yana gida ga nau'ikan namun daji iri-iri da suka haɗa da nau'ikan tsuntsaye sama da 400 da kuma yawan 'yan hippos . Al'ummar kifin da ke cikin tafkin na da matukar sauyin yanayi a tsawon lokaci, sakamakon sauyin yanayi, kokarin kamun kifi da kuma bullo da nau'o'in cin zarafi. Canji na baya-bayan nan a cikin yawan kifin ya biyo bayan gabatar da katafaren carp na kowa a cikin 2001.  Shekaru tara bayan haka, a cikin 2010, irin kifi na yau da kullun ya kai sama da kashi 90% na yawan kifin da aka kama a tafkin. 

Akwai ƙananan tafkuna guda biyu a kusa da tafkin Naivasha: tafkin Oloiden da tafkin Sonachi ( tafkin ramuka mai kore). Wurin Wuraren Wasan Kwallon Kafa na Crater Lake yana kusa, yayin da bakin tafkin ya shahara saboda yawan baƙi na Turai da mazauna.

## Tarihi
Tsakanin 1937 da 1950, an yi amfani da tafkin a matsayin wurin saukar jiragen ruwa a kan fasinja na Imperial Airways da hanyar wasiku daga Southampton a Burtaniya zuwa Afirka ta Kudu . Ya danganta Kisumu da Nairobi . Joy Adamson, marubucin *Haihuwar Kyauta*, ya rayu a bakin tafkin a tsakiyar 1960s. A gefen tafkin akwai Oserian ("Djinn Palace"), wanda ya sami shahara a cikin kwanakin Happy Valley tsakanin yakin duniya biyu. A cikin 1999, Ƙungiyar Riparian Lake Naivasha ta sami lambar yabo ta Ramsar Wetland Conservation Award saboda ƙoƙarin kiyayewa game da wurin tafkin Naivasha Ramsar .

## Noma da masana'antu

Noman furanni shine babban masana'antar kewayen tafkin. Sai dai yadda akasarin amfani da ruwan tabkin wajen noman ruwa ba bisa ka'ida ba yana rage girman tafkin kuma abin damuwa ne a kasar Kenya.  Kamun kifi a cikin tafkin kuma wata hanyar samar da ayyukan yi ne da samun kudin shiga ga al'ummar yankin. Tafkin ya bambanta da matakin sosai kuma ya kusan bushe gaba ɗaya a cikin 1890s. Matakan tafkin gabaɗaya suna bin yanayin ruwan sama a yankin magudanar ruwa.

Tafkin Naivasha, wanda aka taba kwatanta shi da Jewel a cikin Sarautar dukkan tafkunan Gabashin Afirka, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan an sha fama da matsananciyar matsin lamba na bil'adama, ba wai kafa masana'antar noma da noma da dama a bakin tekun ba, har ma da A ko da yaushe yawan kwararar abubuwan gina jiki daga siminti, najasa da sauran magudanan ruwa dake fitowa daga al'ummar dan Adam dake gefen tabkin yanzu sun kusan kusan mutane miliyan guda. 

A shekara ta 1981, an fara aikin samar da wutar lantarki ta farko ga tafkin Naivasha, kuma a shekarar 1985, ana samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin megawatt 45 a yankin. 

## Matakan ruwa

Kimanin shekaru 10,000 da suka gabata, tabkin Naivasha, tare da tabkin Elementaita da ke makwabtaka da tafkin Nakuru (kilomita 60 a gaba a arewa), sun kafa tafki guda daya mai zurfi mai zurfi wanda a karshe ya bushe, ya bar tafkunan uku a matsayin ragowar. 

Matakan ruwa a cikin Tafkunan Rift Valley sun bambanta sosai, tare da yawancin tabkunan suna kusan bushewa sau da yawa. 

Matsayin ruwan tafkin Naivasha ya kai ƙarancin 0.6&nbsp;m zurfin a cikin 1945, amma matakin ruwa ya sake tashi, tare da ƙananan digo, ya kai matsakaicin zurfin kusan 6.&nbsp;m a shekarar 1968.  Akwai wani babban raguwar matakin ruwa a cikin 1987, lokacin da zurfin ya kai 2.25&nbsp;m sama da tafkin kasa.  Rushewar ruwan tafkin a cikin 1987 ya ƙara damuwa game da makomar masana'antar geothermal, kuma ana hasashen cewa tafkin Naivasha na ƙarƙashin ƙasa na iya ciyar da tafki na geothermal a Olkaria .  Don haka, raguwar ruwan tafkin zai shafi makomar masana'antar geothermal.

Fannin tafkin ya karu da sama da kashi 50 cikin 100 nan da 2020  wanda ya sa mutane da yawa suka yi hijira daga wuraren da ke kewaye da tafkin. 

Lake Naivasha har yanzu yana tallafawa kamfanoni da yawa na cikin gida. Wasu daga cikinsu suna son shahararriyar jirgin ruwa na Watamu Boat Rides Naivasha (watamuboatridesnaivasha.com) suna yin rayuwa ta hanyar kai masu yawon bude ido da mazauna yankin tafkin, suna nuna musu manyan wuraren shakatawa na hippo tare da nuna tsibirin Crescent.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje