open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Luzira kai

**Luzira Head** wanda aka fi sani da **Mpanga Head** shine sunan shugaban terracotta da aka samu a Luzira, Uganda. An kiyasta cewa yana da shekaru kusan 1000, yana ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin sassaka na kudu da sahara (Sub-sahara) har yanzu da aka gano a Afirka. Tun daga shekarun 1931, ya kasance wani ɓangare na tarin al'adun gargajiya na Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya. 

## Bayani
Luzira Head wani nau'i ne na musamman na mace. Kan yana da kunkuntar sosai, idanu masu fitowa da baki tare da ƙananan hanci. Tare da goshi akwai raunuka uku. gashi yana da matted kuma yana faɗowa a kowane ɓangare na kai. An kuma sami ƙananan ɓangaren adadi a lokacin binciken asali. Yana da siffar tripod kuma kamar kai yana da rami kuma an yi shi da yumɓu.

## Ganowa
Masanin ilimin ƙasa  na Biritaniya Edward James Wayland ne ya tono kan da gangar jikin, tare da wasu kayan tarihi da dama, tsakanin shekarun 1929 zuwa 1930. An gano su ne a wani gidan yari da ke wurin Luzira, da ke wajen birnin Kampala na ƙasar Uganda. Sauran abubuwan da aka gano a lokacin sun haɗa da tarkacen tukwane sama da ɗari, guda goma sha huɗu, tukwane, mashin karfe da gatari mai kama da labarin **Ibrahim** da gumaka. Amma abin takaici ba a san inda gatari Luzira yake ba. Ana hasashen cewa wurin ya kasance tsohon wurin ibada na Buganda. Radio-carbon dating ya nuna cewa abubuwan da aka gano a wurin sun kai kimanin shekaru dubu. 

## Manazarta

## Kara karantawa
*John Mack (ed), Africa, Arts and Cultures, London 2005*Braunholtz, H.J. 1936. Pottery figure from Luzira, Uganda. Man 36: 71–2. 
*Wayland, E.J., M.C. Burkitt & H.J. Braunholtz. 1933. Archaeological discoveries at Luzira. Man 33: 29–47.
 *Reid, A. & C.Z. Ashley. 2008. A context for the Luzira Head. Antiquity 82 (315): 99–112.
Adekola (Ooni)

**Ooni Adekola** ita ce Ooni na 47 na Ife, babban mai mulkin gargajiya na Ile Ife, gidan kakannin Yoruba. Ya gaji Ooni Adelekan Olubuse I kuma Ooni Ademiluyi Ajagun ya gaje shi .

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Gudun ruwa

Corrasion kalma ce ta geomorphological don aiwatar da rushewar inji na farfajiyar duniya wanda ya haifar lokacin da ake jigilar kayan a fadin ta hanyar ruwa mai gudana, raƙuman ruwa, kankara, iska ko motsi mai nauyi. Misali shine lalacewar dutse a kan kogi ko zurfin teku ta hanyar tasiri ko aikin niƙa na barbashi da ke motsawa tare da ruwa. Sakamakon tasirin da aka samu a kan dutse ana kiransa Abrasion.

Rashin lalacewa ya bambanta da lalata wanda ya faru ne saboda aikin sinadarai da mai narkewa na ruwa a kan duwatsu masu narkewa ko kuma wasu lokuta masu narkewar lokacin da suka haɗu.

Corrasion yana aiki a hanyoyi biyu:

# Rashin lalacewa na gefe: rushewar gefe wanda ke fadada kogin. 
# Rashin lalacewa na tsaye: rushewa zuwa ƙasa wanda ke zurfafa kwarin kogi.

Don haka lalata wani nau'i ne na rushewa.

## Manazarta
Matthew Urhoghide

**Aisagbonriodion Matthew Urhoghide** (an haife shi 8 Agustan shekara ta 1955) ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Sanata mai wakiltar Edo ta Kudu Sanata a Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya daga shekara ta 2015 zuwa 2023.    

## Rayuwa ta sirri da ilimi
An haifi Matthew Urhoghide a ranar 8 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1955 a jihar Edo ta Najeriya . An haifi Urhoghide a cikin gidan Daniel Ediagbonnya&nbsp;Urhoghide da Rebecca Avanrenren Urhoghide. Ya tashi ne a garin Benin inda ya halarci makarantar firamare ta St. Matthews kuma ya sami shaidar kammala karatunsa na farko. Daga nan ya halarci makarantar Grammar ta Eghosa da ke Benin kuma ya kammala jarrabawar kammala sakandare ta yammacin Afirka . Urhoghide ya yi karatun Pharmacy a jami'ar Benin kuma ya samu digirinsa na BSc. 

## Sana'a
Urhoghide ya fara aikin gwamnati ne a shekarar 2013 a matsayin shugaban hukumar gudanarwar asibitin koyarwa na jami’ar Obafemi Awolowo inda ya yi aiki har zuwa 2014 kafin ya koma siyasa.  Ya kuma kasance Sakataren Yada Labarai na Jam’iyyar People’s Democratic Party .  A shekarar 2015, ya tsaya takarar Sanata kuma aka zabe shi a ranar 9 ga Yuni 2015 a karkashin jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party .   Daga baya aka naɗa shi cikin kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan ayyukan majalisar dattawa a matsayin mamba. Har ila yau, shi ne mataimakin shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattijai kan kiwon lafiya kuma shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan al'adu da yawon bude ido.  A shekarar 2017, an nada shi a matsayin shugaban kwamitin asusun jama’a.  

A shekarar 2019, an sake zaɓe shi a majalisar dattawa don yin wa’adi na biyu.   

## Kudi ya dauki nauyin
A ranar 22 ga Nuwamba, 2016, Urhoghide ya dauki nauyin daftarin doka don kafa Cibiyar Kula da Baƙi da Yawon shakatawa ta ƙasa (NIHOTOUR). Kudirin ya tsallake karatu na daya zuwa na uku kuma majalisar ta zartar da shi.

## Harin filin jirgin saman Benin
Magoya bayan jam’iyyar All Progressives Congress, da matasan jam’iyyar All Progressives Congress (APC) sun kai wa Urhoghide hari a filin jirgin sama na Benin a lokacin da suka isa Abuja daga bakin aiki. Harin dai ya faru ne sakamakon wani kudiri da ya gabatar na neman a tsige shugaban kasa Muhammadu Buhari .  A lokacin da ya isa filin jirgin sama na Benin, fusatattun matasan jam’iyyar All Progressives Congress (APC) suka yi masa tarzoma. A yayin wannan harin, Gwamna Godwin Obaseki yana wurin a filin jirgin, kuma ya yi zargin cewa ya bai wa ’yan bangar da suka fusata ihu. Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa, Urhoghide ya makale a dakin taro na VIP na filin jirgin sama da sa’o’i biyu kafin jami’an tsaro su zo domin sassauta harin.  

## Manazarta

## Bayanan kula
Bronze Head of Queen Idia

**Bronze Head of Queen Idia** kan tagulla ne na tunawa daga Masarautar Benin a yammacin Afirka wanda watakila yana wakiltar Idia, mahaifiyar Oba Esigie, wanda aka yi a farkon ƙarni na sha shida a kotun Benin. Yawancin ayyukan fasaha na Benin sun shiga kasuwar fasaha ta Turai bayan balaguron Benin na shekarar 1897  An san wasu kawunan tagulla guda huɗu na sarauniya kuma a halin yanzu suna cikin tarin kayan tarihi na Burtaniya da ke Landan,  Gidan Tarihi na Duniya da ke Liverpool, Gidan Tarihi na Najeriya a Legas,   da Gidan Tarihi na Ethnological na Berlin.

## Bayani
An yi kan tagulla ta hanyar amfani da dabarar jefa kakin zuma da aka ɓata a farkon ƙarni na sha shida.  Yana da kyakkyawan wakilci na wata budurwa daga kotun Benin, wacce ke sanye da wani babban kambi mai kambin jajayen lu'u*[[Ukpe-okhue|-]]*lu'u. Ana kiran salon aski a matsayin salon gyara gashi na “bakin aku” kuma sai da Iyoba da manyan shugaban yaƙi suka ba su damar sanyawa. 

Idanun da makaɗa biyu a tsakanin su an saka da baƙin ƙarfe. Waɗannan suna nuna tatsuniyar baka ta yadda Idia ya zama Iyoba; Labarin ya nuna cewa wani baƙo ya gaya wa Idia cewa ta sanya magani a ƙakaƙa biyu a saman idonta domin kada Oba Ozolua ya ɗauko mata matarsa.  Daga nan Oba Ozolua ya ci gaba da kayar da ra'ayin mai magana kuma Idia ta zama mahaifiyar Oba Esigie.  A sama da kowane gira an zana cicatrices huɗu. Ƙwararrun fasaha da zane na kawukan huɗu sun nuna cewa an yi su ne a farkon ƙarni na sha shida, wanda ɗan Idia Oba Esigie ya ba da izini, kuma ya ƙirƙira ta hanyar guild na brass-casters na mulkin mallaka wanda Oba na baya, Oba Ogolua ya kafa.  An tsara kawunan ne don girmama nasarorin da ta samu a soja da kuma ikon biki. 

## Amfani na asali
Sarauniya Idia ta taka rawar gani wajen nasarar yakin da ɗanta ya yi a yakin da ake yi da ƙabilu  da makwaftaka. Bayan mutuwarta, Oba Esigie ya ba da umarnin a yi kawunan sadaukarwa na sarauniya, a ajiye su a gaban bagadi ko a cikin fadar uwar Sarauniya. An tsara kawunan ne don girmama nasarorin da ta samu a soja da kuma ikon biki.

Sir William Ingram ya gabatar da kawunan kayan tarihi na Burtaniya ga gidan kayan gargajiya a cikin shekarar 1897.

## Duba kuma

* Benin Bronzes
* Benin mask na hauren giwa
* Kan Bronze daga Ife

## Manazarta

## Kara karantawa

* Mack, John (ed.) *Afirka, Fasaha da Al'adu* . London, 2005.
* Barley, Nigel. *Fasahar Benin* . London: Gidan Jarida na Burtaniya, 2010.
* Ben-Amos, P. Girshick. *Fasahar Benin* . London: Gidan Gidan Tarihi na Burtaniya, 1995.
Fort Julien

**Fort Julien** (ko, a wasu kafofin, ***Fort Rashid*** ) (Larabci : **طابية رشيد**) wani katafaren kagara ne dake gefen hagu ko yammacin gaɓar kogin Nilu kimanin  arewa maso yamma na Rashid (Rosetta) a arewacin gaɓar tekun Masar. Tun asali Mamluks ne suka gina shi kuma Faransawa ne suka mamaye shi a lokacin yakin Napoleon Bonaparte a Masar da Siriya tsakanin shekarun 1798 zuwa 1801. Fort ya zama sananne a matsayin wurin da aka samo Rosetta Stone a shekarar 1799.

## Bayani da tarihi
Ƙarƙashin ƙaƙƙarfan tsari ne mai squat mai siffar rectangular tare da katafaren gida wanda ke kallon ƴan kilomita na ƙarshe na Kogin Nilu kafin ya shiga Tekun Bahar Rum. Mamluk Sultan Qait Bey ne ya gina shi a shekara ta 1470, wanda kuma ya gina babban birni na Qaitbay a Alexandria. A cikin shekarar 1516, Sultan Qansuh al-Ghuri ya ƙarfafa ta da katangar tsaro. Daga baya katangar ta faɗa cikin lalacewa.  An gina katangar a wani ɓangare daga dutsen da aka wawashe daga tsoffin wuraren Masarawa da ke kusa; lokacin da Vivant Denon ya ziyarce shi a cikin shekarar 1799, ya lura cewa an gina shi da wasu sassa na tsoffin gine-gine; kuma da yawa daga cikin duwatsun ramukan sun kasance na kyawawan dutsen kyauta na Upper Egypt, kuma har yanzu an rufe shi da hieroglyphs. 

### Gano Dutsen Rosetta
Faransawa sun mallaki rugujewar kagara a ranar 19 ga watan Yulin 1799, kwanaki kaɗan kafin yakin Abukir, suka fara sake ginawa cikin gaggawa. Daga baya an sake gina shi cikin tsari mai zurfi kuma an sake masa suna Fort Julien bayan Thomas Prosper Jullien. Ɗaya daga cikin mataimakan Napoleon-de-sansanin, Laftanar Pierre-François Bouchard, ya bankaɗo sanannen Dutsen Rosetta a sansanin yayin da yake gyaran kariya.  Injiniyoyin Qait Bey da alama sun kawo shi zuwa wurin daga wani wuri, watakila haikalin da ke kusa da Sais, don amfani da shi azaman cikawa.  Shekaru biyu bayan haka, haɗin gwiwar sojojin Birtaniya da na Turkiyya sun kwace katanga bayan wani ɗan lokaci da aka yi wa ƙawanya da harin bama-bamai.

### Halin halin yanzu
Gwamnatin Masar ta mayar da katanga sosai a shekarun 1980 sannan shugaba Hosni Mubarak ya sake buɗe ta a shekarar 1985.  Yanzu haka an kewayeta ta ɓangarori uku da ƙauyen Izbat Burj Rashid kuma a buɗe yake ga jama'a. Yana yiwuwa a isa ta taksi daga Rashid.

## Manazarta
Manfred Lenz

**Manfred Lenz** (an haife shi 21 Nuwamba 1947 - 16 Yuni 2021 ) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Jamus.

## Manazarta
Sheila Seidel

**Sheila Seidel** yar siyasar Amurka ce. Tana aiki a matsayin memba na Republican na gundumar Hillsborough 29th na Majalisar Wakilai ta New Hampshire.

## Manazarta
Ƙasar yoruba

**Ƙasar Yarbawa** yanki ne na ƙabilar Afirka ta yamma da ke cikin nahiyar Afirka wanda aka fara gabatar da shi ga yammacin duniya a rubuce a cikin ƙarni na 19 ta hanyar rubuce-rubucen maziyartan da suka rubuta tafiye-tafiyen da suka yi ta yammacin Afirka, musamman ta wurin waɗanda suka ziyarci yankin da ke da iyaka da kogin Volta zuwa yammacinsa kuma ya yi iyaka da kogin Benin a gefen gabas kuma ƙabilar Yarbawa ke zaune. Ranar kafuwarta ba ta da tabbas amma a cikin karni na 19 zuwa farkon karni na 20, baƙi daga Ingila sun sami damar ba da lissafin yanayin yanki da al'adunta da rarrabuwa a cikin ayyukan da aka buga, gami da Encyclopædia Britannica.

## Geography
Yankin yana da iyaka da kogin Neja daga gabas, kogi guda (wanda ake kira Quorra) a arewansa, da masarautar Dahomey a kudu maso yamma, da kuma Bight of Benin a kudu wanda ya bazu zuwa nisan mil 40 daga Nijar. Yankin a ƙarshen karni na 19 ya yi iyaka da Ƙasar Bariba zuwa arewa, Porto-Novo na Faransa zuwa yamma.

## Bayani
Masanin binciken Burtaniya Alvan Milson a karkashin kungiyar Royal Geographical Society ya rubuta game da mutanen da ke yankin cewa su mutane ne masu dogaro da kansu ba sa bukatar kasuwanci da kasashen yamma, maimakon haka suna samun albarkatunsu daga arewaci da gabashin yankinsu, suma suna yin kasuwanci daga Sahara. An ce Yarabawan yankin ‘yan kabila ne masu son zaman lafiya, masu aiki da adalci kuma sun fi son yin aikin gona da zuwa kasuwanni fiye da yaki. Wuraren zamani sun isa yankin, tare da sabis na saƙo na yau da kullun ta mako-mako ta hanyar ƙaddamarwa tsakanin Legas da Porto-Novo.

## Manazarta
Sashen Aumale

**Aumale** ([o.mal], Larabci: أومال Awmāl) tsohon ginin Faransa ne a Aljeriya. Ya kasance daga 17 Maris 1958 zuwa 7 ga Nuwamba 1959. An ba shi sunan garin Sour El-Ghozlane, wanda a lokacin ana kiransa Aumale, bayan Henri d'Orléans, Duke na Aumale.

An yi la'akari da lardi na Faransa, Aljeriya ta kasance yanki ne a ranar 9 ga Disamba 1848, kuma ta haka aka tsara tsarin gudanarwa kamar yadda babban birnin Faransa. Yankunan farar hula uku (departements) sun maye gurbin beyliks guda uku waɗanda tsoffin sarakunan Ottoman suka raba yankin. Tsakiyar sassan asali guda uku na Aljeriya ana kiranta Alger. A watan Mayun 1957 an raba reshen lardin Medéa, har zuwa yanzu wani yanki na sashen Alger, kuma ya zama wani yanki na daban, kai tsaye zuwa kudancin yankin Alger. An gudanar da wannan gyare-gyaren gudanarwa saboda saurin karuwar yawan jama'a da aka samu a fadin yankin, musamman a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata.

Ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan hukumomi na sabon yanki na Médéa, Aumale (ko Sūr-al-Ghuzlān), ya sami kansa a matsayin wani yanki na daban a watan Mayu 1958. Ƙungiyar Aumale ta ƙunshi ƙananan hukumomi uku: Bou Saâda, Ouled Djellal da Tablata.

Sabuwar ginin Aumale bai daɗe ba. A cikin Nuwamba 1959 ta daina wanzuwa kuma yankunanta sun koma cikin sassan makwabta.

A cikin gajeriyar rayuwarsa, an sanya wa sashen Aumale lambar "kafafi" lamba 9N, wanda ke bayyana akan faranti na mota da makamantansu.

A yau Aumale kanta, wanda aka fi sani da Sour El-Ghozlane, ana gudanar da shi a matsayin wani yanki na lardin Bouïra.

## Duba kuma
Departements français d'Algérie (har yanzu ba a fassara shi zuwa Turanci ba).
Rikicin kabilanci a Najeriya

Ana iya raba rikice-rikicen al'umma a Najeriya zuwa manyan nau'i biyu:  

Rikicin kabilanci da addini, wanda ake dangantawa ga ƴan wasan da aka fi sani da al'adu, ƙabila, ko addini da al'ummomi, kamar abubuwan da suka faru na rikicin addini tsakanin al'ummomin Kirista da Musulmai  
Rikicin makiyaya da manoma, wanda galibi ya shafi rigingimu kan filaye da/ko shanu tsakanin makiyaya (musamman Fulani da Hausawa) da manoma (musamman Adara, Berom, Tiv da Tarok).
Jihohin da abin ya fi shafa su ne na yankin tsakiyar Najeriya kamar su Benue, Taraba da Filato.    Tashin hankali ya kai kololuwa biyu a cikin 2004 da 2011 tare da asarar rayuka kusan 2,000 a wadannan shekarun.  ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar sama da 700 a cikin 2015 kadai. ] see
@, ,
## Dalilai
Sauyin yanayi ya taka rawa sosai wajen hijirar Fulani makiyaya.

Kasashen Afirka sun fi fuskantar matsalar sauyin yanayi a duniya. Wannan tunani ya taimaka wajen yin hijirar Fulani makiyaya daga Arewa zuwa kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. kamar yadda aka gani a cikin wani tsari na “Tura da ja”, kwararowar hamada, zabtarewar kasa, fari, gurbatar yanayi, guguwar rairayi, da cututtuka da suka samo asali daga sauyin yanayi ya sa Fulani makiyaya suka bar yankunansu. Wannan ya samo asali ne saboda fari wanda tsawon lokaci ya dawwama fiye da yadda ake tsammani, kamar gushewar tafkin Chadi[ Haka kuma, cututtuka sun taso daga yanayin yanayi kuma suna kashe dabbobin waɗannan makiyaya. Don haka yawancin Fulanin da aka fi sani da “Bororos” suna son yin ƙaura zuwa kudu inda ake samun ingantacciyar ciyayi, yanayin yanayi, damar kasuwa, da kyakkyawan fata

## Manazarta
Adelekan Olubuse I

**Adelekan Olubuse I** kasance Ooni na 46 na Ife, babban mai mulkin gargajiya na Ile Ife, gidan kakannin Yoruba. Ya gaji Ooni Derin Ologbenla kuma Ooni Adekola ya gaje shi.

## Tarihi
Olubuse shine wanda ya kafa gidan Sijuwade wanda shine reshe na gidan mulkin Ogboru . Olubuse na kuma shi ne mahaifin Omo-Oba Adereti Sijuade kuma kakan Oba Okunade Sijuwade na 50 na Ooni na Ife.

## Muhimmancin tarihi
Adelekan Olubuse na kasance Ooni na farko da ya bar fadarsa tun lokacin da aka fara mulkin mallaka, wanda aka ce ya koma 500 BC, daular yanzu ta wuce shekaru ɗari takwas. Gwamnan Burtaniya, Sir William Macgregor, ya nemi Olubuse na ya yi tafiya zuwa Legas don warware rikici kuma ya sanar da shi game da matsayi da jin daɗin mutanensa a cikin 1903. 

An ce wannan taron shine karo na farko da Ile-Ife ta haɗu da ikon mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya.

A wannan lokacin, kowane sarki Yoruba a kan hanyar Ooni zuwa Legas ya bar nasu fadar da garuruwan, saboda ƙananan sarakuna sun ki zama a fadarsu yayin da allahn-sarki bai zauna a nasa ba.

## Ma'anar addini
A cikin addinin Ifá na mutanen Yoruba, birni mai tsarki yana da layi a ciki, daga birnin Ife zuwa fadar Ooni, zuwa Ooni da kansa. An ce Ile-Ife, a cikin addinin Ifa, shine wurin da alloli suka sauko zuwa duniya, allahn mahalicci, Abatala, da allahn farko na Ife, Oduduwa. An ce ita ce cibiyar sararin samaniya, kuma wurin zama na sarki shine cibiyar birnin. Duk hanyoyi a Ile-Ife suna kaiwa wurin zama na sarki. Gidansa shine cibiyar addini, kuma wuri mafi tsarki, yayin da Ooni da kansa shine abin bauta, kuma babban mutum na addini. Jacob Olupona ya tabbatar da cewa, ga mutanen Yamma, Ooni da ke barin Ile-Ife daidai yake da Allah da ke barin sama bisa umarnin mutum. Lokacin da gwamnan Burtaniya ya tambaye shi game da jin daɗin mutanensa, an ce Ooni ya amsa ta hanyar gaya masa cewa sun yi kuka a lokacin da ya tashi, kuma mutane da yawa suna jiran dawowarsa a waje da birnin. Gwamnan ya amsa cewa bai yi imani da cewa Ooni ya keta duk wata al'ada ta barin birnin ba.

## Manazarta
Gundumar Aruwimi

**Gundumar Aruwimi** (Faransanci: District de l'Aruwimi, Yaren mutanen Holland: Gundumar Aruwimi) gunduma ce ta Jihar 'Yanci ta Kwango da Kongo Belgian. An yi canje-canje daban-daban a cikin girman kafin a shiga cikin wasu gundumomi.

## Kasar Congo Free State
Mataki na 3 na dokar ta ranar 16 ga Afrilu 1887 ta tanadi cewa za a raba Jihar 'Yanci ta Kwango zuwa gundumomin gudanarwa da hakiman gundumomi ke jagoranta, tare da taimakon daya ko fiye da wakilai. Dokar ta 1 ga Agusta 1888 ta raba Jihar 'Yanci ta Kwango zuwa gundumomi goma sha ɗaya, ciki har da gundumar Aruwimi-Uele tare da hedkwatarta a Basoko.

Taswirar Jihar 'Yanci ta Kwango a cikin 1888 tana nuna gundumar Aruwimi da Ouellé da ke rufe arewa maso gabas na mulkin mallaka, tana iyaka da gundumar Stanley Pool a kudu, gundumar Équateur zuwa kudu maso yamma da Oubandji da gundumar Ouellé zuwa yamma. Iyakokin gundumar galibin layukan kai tsaye ne ta yankin da ba a tantance ba. Sunan ya fito ne daga kogin Aruwimi, wanda aka kafa inda kogin Ituri da ke kwararowa yamma daga yankin tafkin Albert ya hadu da kogin Nepoko, kuma yana kwararowa zuwa yamma domin shiga Kongo a yammacin gundumar, da kuma kogin Uele, wanda ke ratsa arewacin gundumar da kuma ciyar da kogin Ubangi, wanda ya bayyana iyaka tsakanin mallakar Belgium da Faransa.

A cikin 1895 an ƙara yawan gundumomi zuwa goma sha biyar. An raba Aruwimi-Uele zuwa gundumomi biyu: Uele mai hedikwata a Niangara, da gundumar Aruwimi, wacce har yanzu tana da hedikwata a Basoko. Larabawa ne suka yi wa Uele barazana, kuma aka sanya shi karkashin kulawa ta musamman. Taswirar 1897 na Jihar 'Yanci ta Kwango ya nuna gundumar Aruwimi tare da kogin Aruwimi zuwa kudancin gundumar Uellé da kuma arewacin babbar gundumar Stanley Falls. Gundumar Aruwimi tana da dogon zango zuwa kudancin kogin Kongo tare da yammacin gabar kogin Lomami, tsakanin gundumar Stanley Falls zuwa gabas da gundumar Équateur zuwa yamma.

## Belgium Kongo
A shekara ta 1910 hannun gabashin gundumar da ke kusa da kogin Aruwimi ya shiga cikin gundumar Stanleyville, baya ga mafi ƙasƙanci, amma zuwa kudancin kogin Kongo gundumar ta shimfiɗa kudu tare da bangarorin biyu na kogin Lomami. Gundumar Bangala tana da iyaka daga arewa maso yamma, gundumar Uele zuwa arewa maso gabas, gundumar Stanleyville a gabas, gundumar Kasai zuwa kudu maso yamma da gundumar Équateur zuwa gabas. Gundumar Aruwimi ta zama wani yanki na Lardin Orientale da aka ƙirƙira a cikin 1914. Ya ɓace tare da sake tsarawa na 1933, ya shiga cikin gundumar Stanleyville a cikin sabon Lardin Stanleyville.

## Kafofi
•Atlas général du Congo / Algemene atlas van Kong (a cikin Faransanci da Dutch), Belgium: Institut Royal Colonial Belge, 1948-1963, OCLC 681334449

•Omasombo Tshonda, Jean (2014), Bas-Uele, Musée royal de l'Afrique centrale, , dawo da 2020-08-26

•Omasombo Tshonda, Jean (2015), Mongala : Jonction des territoires et bastion d'une identité supra-ethnique (PDF), Musée royal de l'Afrique centrale, , dawo da 2020-08-18

## Manazarta
Degbinsokun

**Ooni Degbinsokun** shi ne Ooni na 43 na Ife, babban mai mulkin gargajiya na Ile Ife, gidan kakannin Yoruba. Ya gaji Ooni Adegunle Adewela kuma Ooni Orarigba ya gaje sh.

## Manazarta
Derin Ologbenla

**Derin Ologbenla** shi ne Ooni na 45 na Ife, babban mai mulkin gargajiya na Ile Ife, gidan kakannin Yoruba. Ya gaji Ooni Ooni Orarigba kuma Ooni Adelekan Olubuse I ya gaje shi.

## Manazarta
Gbanlare

Ooni Gbanlare ko Gbániárè shi ne Ooni na 39 na Ife, babban mai mulkin gargajiya na Ile Ife, gidan kakannin Yoruba a Yammacin Afirka. Ya kasance a ofis daga 1800 zuwa 1823 kuma ya gaji Ooni Akinmoyero kuma Ooni Gbegbaaje ya gaje shi.

## Manazarta
Majalisar Al'adun Sarauta ta Ife

Majalisar Al'adun gargajiya ta Ife ita ce majalisa ta majalisar sarauta ta Ooni na Ife, babban mai mulkin gargajiya na Ile Ife, gidan kakannin Yoruba. Majalisar gargajiya ta ƙunshi dukkan shugabannin gargajiya da masu riƙe da lakabi a Ile-Ife ..

## Manazarta
Gundumar Bangala

**Gundumar Bangala** (Faransanci: Gundumar des Bangala, Yaren mutanen Holland: Bangala-district) gunduma ce ta Jihar 'Yanci ta Kwango da Kongo Belgian. Ya kasance ta hanyar canje-canje masu mahimmanci daban-daban a cikin girman. Yankin gabas ya yi daidai da lardin Mongala na yanzu.

## Wuri
Wata doka ta ranar 3 ga Satumba 1886 da babban jami'in kula da 'yancin kai na Kongo, Camille Janssen ya ba da ma'anar gundumomi tara a cikin 'yan mulkin mallaka, kowannensu yana karkashin jagorancin wani hakimin gundumar. Gundumar Bangala na ɗaya daga cikin gundumomi mai suna. Sunan ya fito ne daga yaren Bangala, harshe-franca na yankin arewa maso gabashin Kongo. Wata doka ta 1 ga Agusta 1888 ta raba Jihar 'Yanci ta Kongo zuwa gundumomi goma sha ɗaya, wanda biyar na farko sun kasance a cikin ƙananan yankin Kongo. An maye gurbin gundumar Bangala da gundumar Ubangi-Uélé. A cikin 1895 an ƙara yawan gundumomi zuwa goma sha biyar, ciki har da gundumar Bangala da gundumar Ubangi.[3]

Taswirar Jihar 'Yanci ta Kwango a shekara ta 1897 ta nuna gundumar Bangalas ta mamaye bangarorin biyu na yankin arewa maso yammacin kogin Kongo daga tafkin Tumba zuwa sama zuwa inda kogin Itimbiri ke shiga daga arewa. Tana iyaka da arewa maso yamma da gundumar Ubangi, daga gabas tana da iyaka da gundumar Uellé da gundumar Aruwimi, daga kudu kuma ta yi iyaka da gundumar Équateur. An nuna gundumar Bangala akan taswirori na 1910, 1912 da 1926 tare da iyakoki daban-daban akan kowace taswira. An kirkiro lardin Equateur a shekara ta 1917.[6] Tun daga 1926 lardin ya haɗa da gundumomin Ubangi, Bangala, Lulonga, Équateur da Lac Léopold II. Tare da sake fasalin 1933, Gundumar Ubangi da Gundumar Bangala an haɗa su don kafa gundumar Kongo-Ubangi, yankin arewacin lardin Coquilhatville. An canza lardin Coquilhatville suna zuwa lardin Équateur a cikin 1947.

## Bayan samun 'yancin kai
A ranar 14 ga Agusta 1962 An raba lardin Cuvette Centrale da lardin Ubangi daga lardin Équateur, kuma a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu 1963 ragowar ya zama Lardin Moyen-Congo. An haɗa waɗannan larduna uku zuwa wani sabon lardin Équateur a ranar 25 ga Afrilu 1966. A ranar 11 ga Yuli 2015 An raba Équateur zuwa lardunan Équateur, Mongala, Nord-Ubangi, Sud-Ubangi da Tshuapa. Mongala yayi daidai da yankin gabas na tsohuwar gundumar Bangala.

## Kafofi
•Atlas général du Congo / Algemene atlas van Congo (in French and Dutch), Belgium: Institut Royal Colonial Belge, 1948–1963, OCLC 681334449 / 

•"Congo (Kinshasa) Provinces", Rulers.org, retrieved 2020-08-05

•Etat Indépendant du Congo (1886), Bulletin Officiel (PDF), retrieved 2020-08-26

•Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017), "Bangala", Glottolog 3.0, Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History

•Omasombo Tshonda, Jean (2014), Bas-Uele, Musée royal de l’Afrique centrale, , retrieved 2020-08-26

•Omasombo Tshonda, Jean (2015), Mongala : Jonction des territoires et bastion d'une identité supra-ethnique (PDF), Musée royal de l’Afrique centrale, , retrieved 2020-08-18

•Roland, J.; Duchesne, E. (1914), "Congo Belge, Administrative (1914)", Le Congo Belge, Namur: Wesmael-Charlier

## Manazarta
Orarigba

**Ooni Orarigba** shi ne Ooni na 44 na Ife, babban mai mulkin gargajiya na Ile Ife, gidan kakannin Yoruba. Ya gaji Ooni Ooni Degbinsokun kuma Ooni Derin Ologbenla ya gaje shi. Shi ne babban kakan Ooni na yanzu na Ife Adeyeye Enitan Ogunwusi .

## Manazarta
Jabiri

Jabiri unguwa ce fitacciya dake a garin Funtuwa ta jigar Katsina. Mazaunan unguwar akasarin su manoma ne da fulani makiyaya.
Laifi a Arewacin Kivu 2014

A ranar 30 ga watan Yuni ko kuma 2 ga Yuli 2014, Sojojin Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango da dakarun Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun kaddamar da farmaki kan kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye a yankunan Masisi da Walikale, na lardin Kivu ta Arewa, a gabashin Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kongo (DRC).

## Laifi
An kaddamar da aikin ne a lokaci guda daga Walikale da Kashebere zuwa Kibua. Ya zuwa ranar 3 ga Yuli, sojoji sun riga sun 'yantar da Mungazi, Kibati da Ishunga a yankin Luberi. A ranar 10 ga Yuli sojoji sun ba da rahoton cewa an kwato Kibua da Bunyampuli. A ranar 28 ga Yuli mai magana da yawun MONUSCO ya yi iƙirarin cewa sojoji ne ke iko da yankunan Hihama da Utunda da yankin ma'adinai na Angoa. A ranar 4 ga watan Agusta mayakan sa-kai sun koma yankin bayan janye sojojin da suka yi. A ranar 8 ga watan Agusta sojoji sun sake kai farmaki da NDC a Angowa da Kabombo. A ranar 9 ga watan Agusta ne sojoji dauke da makamai suka kama Angowa akan hanyar Walikale-Kisangani. A ranar 10 ga watan Agusta ne sojoji dauke da makamai suka kwato Kabombo. Mayakan NDC sun janye daga arewacin kogin Osso zuwa yankin Lubero. Operation ya haifar da kwato yankin Kashebere-Mpofi-Walikale ciki har da tsohuwar tungar Buniyampuli da axis Kibua-Pinga. Mayakan Mai-Mai Sheka 23 ne suka mika wuya.

## Manazarta
Capitulation of Alexandria (1801)

**Capitulation of Alexandria (1801)** a cikin watan Satumba 1801 aka kawo ƙarshen mamayewar Faransawa a Masar da Siriya.

## Tarihi
Sojojin Faransa, waɗanda Napoleon Bonaparte ya watsar da su zuwa Faransa ba su dawo ba, sojojin Birtaniya da na Ottoman sun sha kaye a hannunsu, kuma sun koma Alexandria inda aka yi musu ƙawanya. A ranar 30 ga watan Agusta 1801 Janar na Faransa Abdullah Jacques-François Menou ya ba damar miƙa wuya kuma ya gabatar da sharuɗɗan, waɗanda aka yi la'akari da su, an yarda da su, kuma a cikin cikakkun bayanai da aka gyara, ta hannun Janar John Hely-Hutchinson na Burtaniya da Admiral Lord Keith.

## Rubutu
An buga rubutun Capitulation cikakke a cikin *Tarihin Robert Wilson na balaguron Burtaniya zuwa Masar*. Kowace labarin kamar yadda Janar Menou ya ba da shawara yana biye da sharhi: labaran da aka tsara kamar yadda waɗannan sharhi suka yi gyara sun zama rubutun kamar yadda aka fara aiki da shi, wanda ya kawo ƙarshen rikici a ranar 2 ga watan Satumba 1801. Takardar tana da sa hannun Janar Menou, Admiral Keith, Lt.-Janar Hely-Hutchinson, Lt.-Col. James Kempt, da Kapudan Pasha Küçük Hüseyin Pasha, wakiltar sojojin Ottoman.

## Canja wurin kayan tarihi na Masar
Ƙarƙashin sashe na 16 na kundin taken "Rubutun Larabawa, mutum-mutumi, da sauran tarin da aka yi wa jamhuriyar Faransa, za a yi la'akari da su a matsayin mallakar jama'a, kuma za a yi watsi da manyan hafsoshin sojojin haɗin gwiwa." Wannan ya kai ga mayar da Birtaniyya mallakar Dutsen Rosetta da sauran kayan tarihi na Masar waɗanda *Hukumar Faransa des Sciences et des Arts* da malaman *Cibiyar ta Masar* suka tattara.

## Lalacewa
A lokacin capitulation, Birtaniya sun gano jiragen yaki na Faransa Cause, Egyptienne, Justice da Régénérée, da tsoffin jiragen ruwa biyu na Venetian a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Alexandria. Birtaniya da abokansu na Turkiyya sun amince da raba ganimar. Birtaniya sun karbi Égyptienne, Régénérée, da "Venetian No. 2" - wanda French *Léoben* (tsohon Venetian *Medusa*) ya kira - na bindigogi 26. Ottomans sun karɓi bindigogi 64 Causse (tsohon Venetian *Vulcano*), Justice, na bindigogi 46, da kuma "Venetian No. 1" - *Mantoue* (tsohon Veneetian *Cerere*) - kuma na bindigogin 26. Turkiyya sun kuma karɓi wasu jiragen ruwa na Turkiyya da ke cikin tashar jiragen ruwa. [Lura 1] Ad Lord Keith kwamandan  ruwa, ya ba da darajar Régénérée don dalilai na kuɗi a £ 16,771 13s 6d.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*
Kisan kiyashi na Bulongo 2021

Da karfe 2 na safiyar ranar 15 ga Maris, 2021, masu jihadi daga Allied Democratic Forces (wanda aka fi sani da Islamic State – Lardin Afirka ta Tsakiya) sun kai hari a garin Bulongo, yankin Beni, Arewacin Kivu, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, inda suka kashe mutane 15.

## Fage
The Allied Democratic Forces, wata kungiyar 'yan tawayen Islama ta Uganda da ke aiki a arewa maso gabashin DRC, ta ayyana bay'ah ga Islamic State a shekara ta 2019 kuma ta zama lardin Afirka ta tsakiya na Islamic State a hukumance. Tun lokacin da aka haɗa ISCAP, ƙungiyar ta fi kai hari ga fararen hula a cikin kisan kiyashin da aka yi a Arewacin Kivu. Shi kansa garin na Bulongo ya sha kai wa ADF/ISCAP hari, inda ya kashe sama da mutane 70 tare da yin garkuwa da mutane 40. A shekarar 2021 kungiyar ta fara yanka duk wanda ya haura shekaru 15.

## Kisa
ADF sun kai wa Bulongo hari da adduna da tsinke, inda suka karkashe duk wanda suka gani. An fara kisan kiyashin ne da misalin karfe 2 na safe a gundumar Mutilipi da ke birnin, kuma kungiyar MONUSCO ta ce ta aike da dakarunta zuwa yankin domin dakile wannan kisan kiyashi. Yawancin fararen hula da aka kashe an fille kawunansu tare da kone gawarwakinsu. Washegari mazauna yankin da wadanda suka tsira sun yi zanga-zangar nuna adawa da dakarun Kongo da MONUSCO saboda ba su hana kai harin ba, kuma an kashe wani mai zanga-zangar, daya kuma ya ji rauni da harsashi.

Rundunar tsaro ta Kivu ta danganta harin da kungiyar ADF, kuma kungiyar IS ta dauki alhakin kai harin. Akalla mutane goma sha biyar ne suka mutu.

## Manazarta
Harin Kasanzi

A ranar 28 ga Agusta, 2021, masu jihadi daga Allied Democratic Forces (wanda aka fi sani da Islamic State - Lardin Tsakiyar Afirka, ISCAP) sun kai hari a kauyen Kasanzi, Territory Beni, Arewacin Kivu, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo. An kashe fararen hula 19 a kisan kiyashin, kuma harin wani bangare ne na hare-haren da kungiyar ISCAP ta kai kan kauyukan yankin Beni.

## Fage
An kafa kungiyar Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) a kasar Uganda a shekarun 1990, inda ta yi suna a matsayin kungiyar 'yan tawayen Islama da kuma kai munanan hare-hare kan fararen hula a farkon shekarun 2010. Kungiyar ta yi alkawarin bai’a ga kungiyar IS a shekarar 2019 kuma ta fara kai hare-haren ta na farko a karkashin ISCAP moniker watanni bayan haka. Tun daga shekarar 2021, ADF ta aiwatar da kisan kiyashi da dama a kan kauyukan Arewacin Kivu, tare da kai wa mazauna kauyuka hari bisa kabilanci da addini.

## Kai hari
A lokacin kisan kiyashin, mayakan jihadi na ADF sun yi wa ganima tare da kona gidaje a kauyen Kasanzi kusa da gandun dajin Virunga. Hukumomin Kongo sun bayyana cewa maharan sun yi amfani da adduna da bindigu wajen kai wa al'ummar kasar hari. Kungiyoyin fararen hula sun bayyana cewa babu wani sojan Congo da aka girke a kusa da su don hana kai harin. Rahotannin farko sun bayyana cewa an gano gawarwaki biyar a kauyen sannan an kona gidaje goma sha uku tare da kwashe ganima. Washegari, binciken da hukumomi da kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross suka yi sun gano wasu gawarwaki goma sha hudu a filayen da ke kewaye da kauyen. Wasu kuma an kashe su suna dawowa ko gudu daga ƙauyen.

Hukumomin Congo sun danganta harin da kungiyar ADF/ISCAP, duk da cewa kungiyar ba ta dauki alhakin kai harin ba.

## Manazarta
Jack Moylan

**Jack Moylan** (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Satumba shekarar 2001) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Ireland wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya ko mai gaba a kungiyar  ta Lincoln City . Ya fara aikinsa tare da ' Bohemians, amma bayan ya ba da rancen kuɗi a Wexford, ya sanya hannu ga Shelbourne.

## Ayyuka
Moylan ya sanya hannu ga ba kungiyar Bohemians a ranar 1 ga Janairun 2021, a baya daga kungiyar 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 ta kulob din. ' Wasansa na farko ga babbar kungiyar ya zo ne a cikin shan kashi 2-0 a kan Finn Harps a ' watan Oktoba 2020. 

A ranar 1 ' ga Yulin 2021, an tura Moylan aro zuwa Wexford FC, inda ya zauna har ' zuwa sauran kakar. Ya zira kwallaye 8 a wasanni 17. Farkon bayyanarsa ya zo ne a wasan 4-4 tare da ' Athlone Town . 

A ranar 1 ga watan january ' 2022, Moylan ya sanya hannu ga Shelbourne a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya da kuma dan wasan ' gaba.

A ranar 13 ga Mayu watan shekarar 2023, Moylan ya zira kwallaye na farko na aikinsa a cikin nasara 3-0 a kan Sligo ' Rovers .  Goals dinsa sun zo ne a karo na 9, 41, da kuma kisa a minti na ' 66.

A ranar 4 ga Satumba ' 2023, an ba da sanarwar cewa Moylan ya ' sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar kwangila tare da kungiyar EFL League One ta Lincoln City, tare da kwangilar da ta fara daga 1 ga watan January shekarar 2024.  Ya fara bugawa a karshen mako mai zuwa, ya fito daga benci a 1-1 draw a kan Wycombe Wanderers .  Goals dinsa na farko ga Lincoln ya zo ne a kan Barnsley a ranar 9 ga ' watan Maris, inda aka zabi na farko don EFL League One ' Goal of the Month .  

## Kididdigar aiki

## Daraja
**Mutumin da ya fi so**

* Dan wasan Watan League of Ireland: Oktoba 2023
* Babban mai zira kwallaye na League of Ireland: 2023 (15 goals) 
* PFAI Team of the Year: 2023

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Lindsay Wilson (ƙwallon ƙafa)

**Lindsay Wilson** (an haife ta a ranar 5 ga watan Afrillu shekarar 1979) tsohuwar 'yar wasan kwallon kafa ce ta ƙasar Australiya wacce ta yi wasa a ' Australia, Netherlands, da Scotland, a matsayin mai tsaron gida. Wilson ' ya buga wasanni 196 a gasar, kuma ya zira kwallaye 9.

## Ayyuka

### Ayyukan kulob din
An haife shi a Sydney, Wilson ya fara aikinsa ' a asalinsa Australia don Canberra Cosmos da Sydney Olympic tsakanin shekarar 1996 da shekarar 2002.  Daga nan sai ya koma Netherlands don yin wasa tare da PSV Eindhoven, inda ya yi aro a FC Volendam da Helmond Sport,  da ' kuma kungiyar Kilmarnock ta Scotland.  A Kilmarnock, Wilson ya buga wasanni 13 a Gasar Firimiya ta Scotland.   Bayan barin PSV, Wilson ' ya gwada tare da kungiyar Derby County ta Ingila da kungiyar Dundee United ta ' Scotland.  

### Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Wilson ya samu kalla ye 8 ga tawagar 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 ta Australia a 1998 da 1999. 

Wilson ya lashe kwallo biyu ga ' tawagarsa kasar Australia a shekara ta 2001, '  dukansu biyu sun zo ne a wasannin cancantar gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA. 

## Daraja
**Ostiraliya U-20**

* Gasar Zakarun Maza ta OFC U-19: 1998 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Lola Odujinrin

**Ademilola "Lola" Odujinrin**  ya zama matukin jirgi na farko na Afirka a tarihi da ya tashi a a duniya.

## Tarihin rayuwa

An haifi Lola a Kudancin London kuma ta ' koma Najeriya tun tana ƙarama. Lokacin da yake dan shekara 20, ya cancanci lasisin matukin jirgi mai zaman kansa ' (PPL) a cikin kwanaki 19. An horar da Lola a Burtaniya da Amurka don tashi don Arik Air na  tsawon shekaru biyar kafin ta ' yi aiki don Air Djibouti. Tun lokacin da ya sami lasisin kasuwanci a 2011 Lola ya shiga sama da awanni 4,000 ' a matsayin matukin jirgi na Boeing 737 na kasuwanci tun daga shekarar ' 2017. 

Lola ta kammala aikinta ' na "One Man, One Plane" a ranar 29 ga ' Maris, 2017. Ya sauka a Filin jirgin saman Washington Dulles, filin jirgin ' sama guda da ya tashi daga watan ' Yunin 2016.  Bayan kammala tafiyarsa, ya zama dan Afirka ' na farko da kuma matukin jirgi na Burtaniya na tara da ya tashi a duniya shi kaɗai. Lola tana ɗaya ' daga cikin mutane 117 kawai a duniya da suka cimma wannan, mutane da yawa a halin yanzu sun tashi zuwa sararin samaniya fiye da waɗanda suka tashi a duniya ' solo. Jirgin ya kasance wani ɓangare na Project Transcend, tushe wanda ke da niyyar karfafa matasa don cimma burinsu ' ba tare da la'akari da yanayinsu ba. Lola tana da shekaru 38 lokacin da ya fara ' tafiyarsa wanda yake shirin tun 2014. Ya tashi na watanni tara, ya tsaya a kasashe sama da 15 a nahiyoyi biyar. An kammala jirgin ne a cikin jirgin sama mai sauƙi ' na musamman, Cirrus SR22, wanda zai iya tashi kusan sa'o'i hudu kafin ya buƙaci man fetur. Jirgin ya auna kusan rabin ' girman matsakaicin motar iyali. Lola ta fuskanci matsaloli da yawa kafin da kuma lokacin tafiyarsa.  A cikin jirginsa ' na farko dole ne ya fara shafin Go Fund Me 'gwagwagwalada don biyan man fetur; ya kuma dauki doguwar tsayawa uku a duk lokacin tafiyar ' don samun kuɗi don ci gaba. Lola ta sadu da ɗan'uwansa matukin jirgi Bruce Dickinson yayin tafiyarsa, wanda ya taimaka ' wajen tallafawa sauran tafiyarsa 

. Binciken ya ga Lola ' ta tashi daga Washington zuwa ' Kanada, ta hanyar Filin jirgin saman John F. Kennedy, sannan ' zuwa Iceland, Scotland, Ingila, Valencia, Malta, ' Masar, Djibouti, Oman, Pakistan, Bangladesh da ' Thailand. Daga Thailand, ya dauki shi makonni ' 4 don isa Darwin, Australia. Bai tsaya ' a Afirka ba, an ruwaito shi saboda rashin ' tallafin kamfanoni a Najeriya.

Mafi girman  wanda jirgin sama mai sauƙi ya tashi shine ƙafa 56,000 kuma Lola a halin yanzu tana shirin karya wannan rikodin ' kuma ' ta kai ƙafa 60,000.

Lola ta kuma hada kai ' da Olasubomi Iginla Aina a kan Bag ' of ' Hope Project, yawon shakatawa makarantu ' a duk faɗin Ingila don wayar da kan ' jama'a game da Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan ' 'Yancin Yara.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Sanin

**Sanin** ko **Sanin** na iya kasancewa ko zama:

## Falsafa da tauhidin

* Ilimi
* Gnosis, ilimi a cikin imani na Gnostic

*  (album) , a Hubert Wu, 2015
* The Knowing, *Sanin* kundi na Nuwamba Doom, 2000
* *Sanin*, wani kundin da Jeff Chang ya yi, 1992
* "Knowing", waƙar da OutKast ya yi daga Speakerboxxx / The Love Below, 2003
* "The Knowing", waƙar The Weeknd daga House of Balloons, 2011

## Sauran amfani

*  (fim) , fim din almara na kimiyya na 2009
* Sanin, turare na 1988 na Kamfanonin Estée Lauderturare ta Kamfanonin Estée Lauder

## Dubi kuma

* Sanin Ni, Sanin Kai (disambiguation) 
* Ilimi, sunan mahaifi
*
Rubuce-rubucen shugaban kasa na Najeriya

Rubuta shugaban Najeriya bikin ne don nuna farkon sabon wa'adin shekaru huɗu na shugaban Najeriya. A lokacin wannan bikin, kimanin kwanaki 90 zuwa 95 bayan zaben shugaban kasa, shugaban kasa yana rantsuwa da shugaban ƙasa. Ana gudanar da rantsar da shi a kowane sabon wa'adin shugaban ƙasa, koda kuwa shugaban yana ci gaba da aiki a karo na biyu.

## Abin da ya faru
Rubuce-rubucen farko na Shehu Shagari ya faru ne a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1979 ranar ƴancin kai na Najeriya. Tun farkon Jamhuriyar ta huɗu a 1999, an gudanar da dukkan rantsar da su a ranar 29 ga Mayu. An gudanar da rantsarwar shugaban kasa ta baya-bayan nan a ranar 29 ta Mayu 2023, lokacin da Bola Tinubu ya hau mulki.

Karatun rantsuwar shugaban kasa shine kawai bangare a cikin wannan bikin da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Najeriya ya ba da umarni. Babban Mai Shari'a yawanci yana gudanar da rantsuwar shugaban kasa. Tun daga shekara ta 1999, an gudanar da rantsuwar a lokuta bakwai da aka shirya a cikin jama'a, ta manyan alƙalai shida.

## Alkawarin ofishin
Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Najeriya ya ƙayyade rantsuwar ofishin ga shugaban tarayyar. Babban alƙali na Kotun Koli na Najeriya ne ke gudanar da rantsuwar ko kuma mutumin da aka nada a lokacin da zai gudanar da ayyukan wannan ofishin: 

## Jerin bukukuwan kaddamarwa
Bikin rantsar da shi na 9 da ke nuna farkon sabon wa'adin shugaban kasa na shekaru hudu da kuma wanda ke nuna farkon wa'adin shugaba na ɗan lokaci bayan mutuwar shugaban da ke cikin mulki an jera su a cikin teburin da ke ƙasa.

## Manazarta
Sarakunan nigeriya

Sarakunan Gargajiya na Najeriya galibi suna samun kambun nasu ne daga sarakunan jihohi ko al’ummomi masu zaman kansu da suka wanzu kafin kafuwar Nijeriya ta zamani. Ko da yake ba su da ikon siyasa, amma a yawancin lokuta suna ci gaba da ba da umarni ga jama'arsu kuma suna da tasiri mai yawa a cikin al'ummarsu

Duk da cewa masu rike da su galibi suna rike da salon sarauta da mukamai na kakanninsu masu rike da madafun iko, amma duk ayyukan da suke yi na cin gashin kansu da kuma dangantakarsu da gwamnatocin tsakiya da na shiyya-shiyya na Nijeriya sun fi kusanci da na manyan sarakunan tsohuwar Turai fiye da na ainihin sarakunan da suke mulki.

## Zamanin mulkin mallaka

Hoton wani sarki na karni na 16 (Oba) na Masarautar Benin
Najeriya ta zamani ta kunshi filaye da kabilu daban-daban suka mamaye al'adance masu harsuna da al'adu daban-daban. A fakaice, kudu maso gabas sun mamaye galibin Ibo,Neja-Delta na Edo da Ibo, kudu maso yamma na Yarbawa da sauran dangi sai arewa ta Hausawa da Fulani, tare da hadaddiyar cudanya tsakanin kabilu daban-daban a Middle-Belt tsakanin arewa da kudu. A cikin duka akwai (kuma akwai) fiye da 200 kabilu daban-daban.   

## Zamanin mulkin mallaka
Turawa sun dade suna kasuwanci da jihohin da ke gabar teku, musamman musayar auduga da sauran kayayyakin da ake kerawa ga bayi da kayayyakin dabino a cibiyoyi kamar Calabar, Bonny da Legas. An kafa yankin Neja Coast Protectorate a shekara ta 1891 yana riƙe da ƙaramin yanki a bakin tekun. A cikin lokacin 1879-1900 Kamfanin Royal Niger Company ya yi ƙoƙari sosai don ɗaukar iko a cikin gida, ta hanyar amfani da sojoji masu horo tare da bindiga Maxim, tare da yin yarjejeniya na "kariya" tare da sarakunan cikin gida. An sayar da yankin kamfanin ga gwamnatin Birtaniya a shekarar 1900, inda yankin kudu ya hade da yankin Niger Coast Protectorate ya zama yankin Kudancin Najeriya, sai kuma yankin Arewacin Najeriya ya rage. A cikin 1914 an haɗa su biyu zuwa Mulkin Mallaka da Kariya na Najeriya, tare da kusan iyakoki iri ɗaya da halin yanzu na Najeriya. 

## Najeriya mai zaman kanta

Oba na Legas tare da tawagar Sojojin Ruwa a watan Yuni 2006
Da samun ‘yancin kai a shekarar 1960, sai kuma gwamnatocin dimokuradiyya da na soja suka biyo baya, matsayin sarakunan gargajiya ya kara tasowa. A arewacin kasar kuwa, a karshe sarakunan sun rasa madafun iko a hannun gwamnatin, duk da cewa a lokuta da dama ana samun ma’aikatan gwamnati da manyan mutane na gargajiya. Inda a da masu mulki ke samun mukami ta hanyar gado ko kuma ta hanyar nadawa daga majalisar dattawa, yanzu gwamnati ta kara shiga cikin magajin.

## Manazarta
Dandalin Middle Belt

Kungiyar ‘Middle Belt Forum’ (MBF) kungiya ce ta yankin siyasa da zamantakewar al’umma a Najeriya da ke neman bunkasa muradun al’ummar yankin Middle Belt, yankin da ba a san shi ba a yankin arewa ta tsakiyar Najeriya. Middle Belt tana da yawan jama'a dabam-dabam. Akwai kabilu sama da 250 da ke magana da harsuna sama da 400 a Najeriya, yawancinsu suna zaune ne a Middle Belt. Dandalin yana zama murya ga waɗannan ƙananan ƙungiyoyi.Magaji ne ga ƙungiyoyin farko, kamar United Middle Belt Congress karkashin jagorancin Joseph Tarka.

## Kin amincewa da ikon arewa
A ranar 9 ga watan Agustan shekarar 2001, wata tawaga daga kungiyar Arewa Consultative Forum (ACF), mai wakiltar Arewa, ta ziyarci garin Jos na jihar Filato, a tsakiyar tsakiyar bel. Manjo Janar Abdullahi Shelleng ya gayyaci masu sauraronsa da su shiga kungiyar ACF. Sai dai a martanin da gwamna Joshua Dariye ya mayar ya bayyana cewa ba shi da sha'awar a mayar da shi saniyar ware, don haka ya gwammace ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin "tsakiya". A cikin wata hira, Air Commodore Jonah David Jang mai ritaya ya bayyana matsayin a saukake: "Middle Belters are Middle Belters, kuma za mu ci gaba da zama Middle Belters"
A watan Satumban 2001, Air Commodore Dan Suleiman, mai ritaya, tsohon gwamnan jihar Filato kuma shugaban kungiyar, ya ce masu yi wa ‘ya’yan kishin-kishin din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din  na ji ) ) mai ritaya ne mai ritaya, kuma shugaban kungiyar ne da ya kafa, ya bayyana cewa, masu rike da madafun iko sun zama wani nau’i ne da ke fuskantar barazana da kuma halakar al’adu.

## Rikicin yanki
A cikin wata hira da aka yi da shi a watan Agustan 2002 bayan tashe-tashen hankula a tsakiyar zaman lafiya, Dan Suleiman wani bangare ya zargi shugabannin arewa mai nisa da karfafa tashin hankalin. a watan Mayun 2003, mataimakin shugaban kasa Atiku Abubakar ya gana da shugabannin MBF karkashin jagorancin Dan Suleiman. Ya kuma bayyana al’ummar yankin a matsayin ‘yan Najeriya masu kishin kasa, masu goyon baya da son kai, wadanda suka sadaukar da fiye da mutanen sauran yankuna wajen rike kasar nan. Ya kuma gargadi shugabannin dandalin da su guji masu kutsawa cikin kasar da ke son haifar da rashin hadin kai da rashin zaman lafiya a kasar.

Bayan wani rikicin da ya barke a Jihar Filato, a cikin watan Maris na shekarar 2010, Shugaban MBF, Pius Atta ya yi kira da a sauya sunan shiyyar Arewa ta Tsakiya da yankin Middle Belt

## Shugabanci da mukamai na tsarin mulki
A cikin watan Maris na shekarar 2005, shugabannin dandalin sun yi kira da a sake fasalin tsarin shiyya-shiyya a Nijeriya daga shiyyoyi shida na yanzu zuwa takwas.[8] A cikin Janairu 2008, wata tawaga daga Middle Belt Forum karkashin jagorancin shugaban MDF Isaac Shaahu ya bukaci tsohon Gwamna Jonah Jang na Jihar Filato ya karbi jagorancin kungiyar Middle Belt Governor's Forum, wata kungiya mai alaka.

## Manazarta
Kisan kiyashi na Kirindera

A ranar 12 ga Maris, 2023, masu jihadi daga Sojojin Dimokuradiyya na Allied (wanda aka fi sani da ISCAP) sun kai hari kauyen Kirindera, Yankin Beni, Arewacin Kivu, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, inda suka kashe fararen hula goma sha tara. Kisan kiyashi ya faru ne kwanaki bayan Kisan kiyashi na Mukondi, inda ADF / ISCAP suka kashe kusan fararen hula arba'in.

## Tarihi
Sojojin Dimokuradiyya na Allied, wata kungiya mai tsattsauran ra'ayi ta Islama da ke kusa da Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo da Uganda, a hukumance ta yi alkawarin bay'ah ga Jihar Islama a cikin 2018, tare da IS da ke da'awar alhakin hare-haren ADF a cikin 2019. ADF daga ƙarshe ta kafa ta zama Jihar Musulunci - Lardin Afirka ta Tsakiya (ISCAP), kuma ta kai hari ga fararen hula a Arewacin Kivu.

Kisan kiyashi na Kirindera ya zo ne a matsayin wani ɓangare na babban kamfen na ISCAP a farkon 2023 don kai farmaki ga fararen hula a yankin Beni. Kwanaki kafin kisan kiyashi, an kashe fararen hula kusan arba'in a kisan kiyashin Mukondi.

Kisan kiyashi ya fara ne da karfe 1 na safe a ranar 12 ga Maris, 2023. A cikin harin, masu jihadi sun fara kai hari kan cibiyar kiwon lafiya inda suka kashe mutane biyu kafin su koma cibiyar karɓar bakuncin wani motel inda fararen hula ke ɓoye. An kashe fararen hula goma sha ɗaya a cikin motel ɗin. A cikin kwarin inda masu jihadi suka shiga ƙauyen, an kashe wasu mutane biyu. Cibiyar kiwon lafiya, otal, da gidajen farar hula da yawa da motoci biyar sun ƙone su da masu jihadi. Jami'an Kongo sun bayyana cewa an kashe mutane goma sha tara a cikin kisan kiyashi, kuma ISCAP ta sace wasu da ba a sani ba.

Magajin garin Kirindera, Joachim Vyaghulua, ya bayyana cewa ya tsara sa hannun FARDC a lokacin kisan kiyashi.

## Manazarta