Jacob Zuma

**Jacob Zuma** (lafazi: [jacob zuma]) Dan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne. An haife shi a shekara ta alif dari tara da arba'in da biyu miladiyya 1942A.C) a Nkandla, Afirka ta Kudu. Jacob Zuma shugaban kasar Afirka ta Kudu ne daga watan Mayu a shekara ta 2009 (bayan Kgalema Motlanthe) zuwa watan Fabrairu a shekara ta 2018 (kafin Cyril Ramaphosa). 

A watan Satumba na 2021, Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta Afirka ta Kudu ta yi watsi da rokon tsohon shugaban kasar Jacob Zuma na sauya hukuncin da aka yanke masa na yanke masa hukuncin zaman gidan yari na watanni 15 saboda raina adalci.

Shugabancin Zuma ya sha wahala da rikice-rikice, musamman a lokacin wa'adinsa na biyu. A cikin shekara ta 2014, Mai Tsaron Jama'a ya gano cewa Zuma ya amfana da kashe-kashen jihar a kan inganta gidansa na Nkandla, kuma a cikin shekara ta 2016, Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta yanke hukuncin cewa Zuma ta kasa tabbatar da Kundin Tsarin Mulki, wanda ya haifar da kira don murabus dinsa da kuma yunkurin tsigewa shi a Majalisar Dokoki. A farkon shekara ta 2016, akwai kuma zarge-zarge da yawa, daga baya Hukumar Zondo ta bincika, cewa dangin Gupta sun sami babban tasirin cin hanci da rashawa a kan gwamnatin Zuma,

wanda ya kai ga kama jihar. Makonni da yawa bayan an zabi Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Cyril Ramaphosa don maye gurbin Zuma a matsayin shugaban ANC a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2017, Kwamitin Zartarwa na Kasa na ANC ya tuno da Zuma. Bayan kuri'a ta biyar na rashin amincewa da majalisa, ya yi murabus a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 2018 kuma Ramaphosa ya maye gurbinsa washegari.
Ba da daɗewa ba bayan murabus dinsa, a ranar 16 ga Maris 2018, Hukumar Shari'a ta Kasa ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta sake gabatar da tuhumar cin hanci da rashawa a kan Zuma dangane da Yarjejeniyar Makamai ta 1999. Ya ce ba shi da laifi a ranar 26 ga Mayu 2021, amma ba a shirya shari'ar ba har zuwa farkon 2023. A wani al'amari daban, a watan Yunin 2021, Kotun Kundin Tsarin Mulki ta yanke wa Zuma hukunci kan raina kotu saboda rashin bin umarnin kotu da ya tilasta shaidarsa a gaban Hukumar Zondo.
An yanke masa hukuncin daurin watanni 15 kuma an kama shi a ranar 7 ga Yuli 2021 a Estcourt, KwaZulu-Natal . Koyaya, an sake shi a kan sallar likita watanni biyu bayan haka a ranar 5 ga Satumba. Babban kotun ta soke sallarsa a ranar 15 ga watan Disamba. Kotun Koli ta daukaka kara ta bayyana cewa ba bisa ka'ida ba ne, amma ya ba da damar Ma'aikatar Ayyuka ta yi la'akari da ko cire lokacin da aka kashe a karkashinsa daga hukuncinsa. A ranar 11 ga watan Agustan 2023, Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Gyara ta ba Zuma gafarta hukuncinsa na watanni 15.

## Rayuwa ta farko

Yana da akalla 'yan'uwa maza uku - Michael,  Joseph,  da Khanya  da kuma yar'uwa daya - Velephi  Michael Zuma ya yi aiki da Remember Property Services, wani kamfani na gine-gine, kuma a cikin 2011 ya yarda da amfani da matsayin siyasa na ɗan'uwansa Jacob don samun kwangilar gwamnati ga kamfanin don musayar gida a Nkandla.

## Kurkuku da gudun hijira

### Kurkuku da gudun hijira
Zuma ya shiga siyasa ta adawa da wariyar launin fata tun yana karami kuma ya shiga ANC a shekarar 1959. Ya zama memba mai aiki na uMkhonto mu Sizwe a 1962, shekaru biyu bayan an dakatar da ANC.  A wannan shekarar, an kama shi tare da kungiyar mutane 45 a kusa da Zeerust a yammacin Transvaal, a halin yanzu wani bangare na Lardin Arewa maso Yamma.

An yanke wa Zuma hukunci da makirci don hambarar da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata kuma an yanke masa hukuncin shekaru goma a kurkuku, wanda ya yi aiki a Tsibirin Robben tare da Nelson Mandela da sauran sanannun shugabannin ANC da aka daure a wannan lokacin.[2] Yayinda yake a kurkuku, Zuma ya kasance Alkali na wasannin kwallon kafa na Kungiyar fursunoni, wanda hukumar kula da fursunoni ta shirya, Makana F.A..A . 

Bayan an sake shi daga kurkuku, Zuma ya sake kafa tsarin ANC a Natal.  Ya bar Afirka ta Kudu a 1975 kuma da farko ya kasance a Swaziland inda ya hadu da Thabo Mbeki . A Mozambique, ya magance isowar dubban 'yan gudun hijira da ke neman horo na soja bayan Tashin hankali na Soweto na 1976. Ya zama cikakken memba na Kwamitin Zartarwa na Kasa na ANC a shekarar 1977,  kuma memba ne na Majalisar Siyasa da Sojojin ANC lokacin da aka kafa ta a shekarar 1983. Ya kuma kasance Mataimakin Babban Wakilin ANC a Mozambique, mukamin da ya rike har zuwa sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Nkomati tsakanin gwamnatocin Mozambican da Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1984. Bayan an sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar, an nada shi a matsayin Babban Wakilin ANC a Mozambique.[2] A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1986, gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta nemi hukumomin Mozambican su kori manyan mambobi shida na ANC, ciki har da Zuma. An tilasta masa barin Mozambique a watan Janairun 1987, don haka ya koma hedikwatar ANC a Lusaka, Zambia, inda aka nada shi Shugaban tsarin karkashin kasa na ANC, kuma jim kadan bayan haka aka nada shi shugaban sashen leken asiri.[2]
Zuma ya kuma kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Afirka ta Kudu (SACP).  Ya shiga a 1963, ya yi aiki a takaice a Politburo na jam'iyyar, kuma ya bar a 1990. 

## Manazarta