José Jacinto Van-Dúnem

**José Jacinto da Silva Vieira Dias Van-Dúnem**, wanda kuma akafi sani da **Zé Van-Dúnem Filósofo**  (29 Agusta 1939 - 8 Yuli 1977) ɗan gwagwarmayar Angola ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma mai fafutukar yaƙi da 'yan mulkin mallaka.

Ya kasance kwamishinan siyasa na babbar ma'aikata na Sojojin Jama'a na Liberation of Angola (FAPLA),  memba na kwamitin tsakiya na MPLA,  da kwamishinan siyasa na Gabas ta Gabas (III Região Político-Militar).  Ya taka rawar gani sosai a yakin Angola na samun 'yancin kai da yakin basasar Angola. 

Wani memba na reshen gurguzu na orthodox na MPLA,  Van-Dúnem kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin ƙungiyar Nitista.  An kama shi a wani yunkurin juyin mulkin da aka yi a ƙasar Angola, an kashe shi tare da matarsa Sita Valles. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Ɗan fari ne a wurin mahaifinsa mai suna Antónia Vieira Dias da Mateus Van-Dúnem,  José Jacinto Van-Dúnem ya fito ne daga dangin da ke da alaƙa da waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyoyin kishin ƙasa na Angolan na zamani,  musamman game da kakansa, Manuel Pereira dos Santos Van-Dúnem,  da kuma babban kawunsa, Dia Manuel Iná.  'Yar'uwarsa, Francisca Van Dunem, ita ce ministar gwamnatin Baƙar fata ta farko a Portugal, tana aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida da Ministan Shari'a. 

Van-Dúnem ya sami karatun firamare a wata makaranta da ke Sumbe yayin da danginsa ke zama a wurare bisa aikin da ubansa ke yi.  Ya koma Luanda ya tafi ya zauna tare da kawunsa  don ya iya karatu a Liceu Nacional Paulo Dias de Novais (a halin yanzu Escola Angola Quiluanje). Daga baya ya yi karatu a Faculty of Medicine a Jami'ar Luanda.  Daga tsakiyar shekarun 1960s, saboda tasirin iyali, ya zama wani ɓangare na gwagwarmayar mulkin mallaka tare da ƙungiyar Marxist MPLA, ya bar karatunsa a Faculty of Medicine. 

Ya shiga yakin 'yancin kai na Angolan a matsayin jami'i a cikin basirar Sojojin Jama'a don 'Yantar da Angola (EPLA) da kuma mai gudanarwa na Kwamitin Yanki na Luanda (CRL),  yana shirya hanyar sadarwar salula tare da MPLA a Luanda.  Halinsa na hankali ya sa aka yi masa laƙabi "Filósofo" (Portuguese for philosopher).  Har ila yau, ya shiga cikin ayyukan makamai, ciki har da kama wasu jiragen sama a shekarar 1969. 

A matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin leƙen asiri na soja, Van-Dúnem ya shiga cikin sojojin Portuguese na mulkin mallaka a cikin Janairu 1970, yana samun damar samun bayanan sirri na soja.  Ya yi aiki a Huambo da kuma a Cuíto tare da ƙwararre a harbin sojan doki.  Ya shirya satar makamai da alburusai daga barikokin soji a Cuíto, wanda ya kai ga daure shi a Luanda daga baya a Moçâmedes.  Duk da cewa an ɗaure shi saboda yunƙurinsa na samun makamai don tawayen da ke ɗauke da makamai, ya sami shahara da mutuntawa a tsakanin sojojin EPLA saboda jajircewarsa da sha'awar shiga kasada. 

Tare da juyin juya halin Carnation a Portugal a ranar 25 ga watan Afrilu 1974, an fara aiwatar da tsarin mulkin mallaka.  An 'yantar da Van-Dúnem, kuma ya zama, tare da Nito Alves da Daniel Chipenda, manyan mutane masu tasiri a cikin MPLA don shiga da jagoranci a yakin neman 'yancin kai.  Tare da Alves, shi da Van-Dúnem sun fara gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare na Yanki na 1st Soja (Luanda, Dembos da Norte Angolano) na MPLA da sake kunnawa yankin na 4 (Malanje da Cuanza).  Har ila yau, sun sami damar mayar da martani ga muhimman kungiyoyin tantanin halitta a Luanda,  Dokar Ayyuka na Luanda (COL), da wani ɓangare na daidaita al'amura a babban birnin ƙasar,  shirya sintiri don tabbatar da tsari, abubuwan da za su tabbatar da nasarar reshen Agostinho Neto na jam'iyyar yayin taron Lundoji.  A taron da aka yi a watan Yulin 1974, an zaɓi Van-Dúnem a matsayin Babban Kwamitin Jam’iyyar kuma ya zama ɗan ƙarami a cikin shugabancin MPLA. 

A cikin watan Maris 1975, Agostinho Neto ya naɗa shi kwamishinan siyasa na ƙasa da kuma babban hafsan hafsoshin FAPLA.  A cikin muƙaminsa, shi ne na uku a kan muƙamin kwamandan manyan jami'an soji na jam'iyyar, bayan shugaban rundunar soji Iko Carreira da kuma babban hafsan hafsoshin João Luís Xietu. A ranar 11 ga watan Nuwamban 1975, aka ayyana ‘yancin kai na Angola, tare da MPLA a matsayin jam’iyya mai mulki. Bayan haka ne aka fara wani dogon yakin basasa tsakanin sabuwar ƙasar Angola da kungiyoyi daban-daban masu gaba da juna. Van-Dúnem ya halarci yaƙe-yaƙe na shekarar 1975 da 1976. 

Ya zama memba na tawagar MPLA zuwa babban taro na 25 na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Tarayyar Soviet, wanda aka gudanar daga 24 ga watan Fabrairu zuwa 5 ga watan Maris 1976, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Nito Alves.  Van-Dúnem ya zama ma fi dacewa a akida tare da tsarin Soviet kuma ya ba da shawarar samar da tsarin gurguzu na al'ada. 

Daga watan Maris 1976 zuwa gaba, Van-Dúnem ya fara sukar shugabannin jam'iyyar da na Angolan masu tasiri, musamman zanga-zangar adawa da "farar-mestiço elite",  wanda yanzu Ministan Tsaro Iko Carreira ya misalta, da kuma mataimakin shugaban MPLA kuma shugaban majalisar juyin juya hali Lúcio Lara. Daga baya ya sanya Agostinho Neto da kansa da gwamnatinsa gabaɗaya a matsayin masu sukar sa.  Wannan suka ya sa ya rasa tasiri a jam’iyyar, inda aka tura shi yankin ‘yan sandan soja na 3. 

A cikin shekarar 1976, Van-Dúnem ya auri Sita Valles, wata mai fafutuka a cikin MPLA wadda ta kula da motsin matasa da motsin jama'a na jam'iyyar a Luanda.  Suna da ɗa wanda suka sa masa suna João Ernesto "Che" Valles Van-Dúnem, sunansa shine haraji ga Che Guevara. 

Van-Dúnem yana ɗaya daga cikin jagororin kungiyar Nitista, lamarin da ya sa aka cire shi daga mukamansa na jam'iyyar da kuma jihar a tsakanin shekarun 1976 zuwa 1977.  Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin jagororin yunkurin juyin mulkin Angola a shekarar 1977.  An kama shi a lokacin ramuwar gayya da jihar ta yi kan yunkurin juyin mulkin,  an kashe Van-Dúnem da matarsa Sita Valles. 

## Manazarta