Rufi

Rufin (pl.: rufin ko rufin) shine saman rufin gini, gami da duk kayan aiki da gine-ginen da ake buƙata don tallafawa shi a bangon ginin ko a kan tsaunuka, samar da kariya daga ruwan sama, dusar ƙanƙara, Hasken rana, matsanancin zafin jiki, da iska. Rufin yana daga cikin ambulaf ɗin gini.

**Siffofin rufin gini suna dogara ne da manufar ginin da yake rufe shi, nau'in kayan da ake da su na rufi, da kuma al'adun gina gine-gine na yankin da kuma yadda ake tsara gine-gine a fannin zane da aiki. Haka kuma, wasu lokuta dokokin cikin gida ko na ƙasa kan tsara yadda rufi zai kasance.**

A mafi yawan ƙasashe, rufi yana kare ginin ne daga ruwan sama. Wani bangon waje kamar **verandah** ana iya sanya masa rufi da kayan da ke kare rana amma suna barin sauran abubuwa su shiga. Rufin wani lambun shuka kamar **conservatory**, yana kare shuke-shuke daga sanyi, iska, da ruwan sama, amma yana

Rufin na iya samar da ƙarin sararin samaniya, alal misali, lambun rufin.

## Magana
**Kalmar Tsohuwar Ingilishi "''hrof''" na nufin "rufi, bene na sama, kololuwa, ko sarari", kuma ana amfani da ita a ma’anar ɗaukaka ko babbar matsayi na wani abu. Asalinta daga yaren ''Proto-Germanic'' khrofam, inda take da dangantaka da wasu kalmomi kamar:**

* **Da harshen Dutch:** *roef* – ma’ana "ɗakin jirgi, kabin, ko murfin akwatin gawa",
* **Da Tsohuwar Jamusanci (Middle High German):** *rof* – ma’ana "ɗakin bene a sama (penthouse)",
* **Da Tsohuwar Yaren Nordic (Old Norse):** *hrof* – ma’ana "ɗakin ajiye jirgi (boat shed)".

**Babu wata alama da ke nuna cewa kalmar na da alaƙa da wasu harsuna bayan waɗanda suka fito daga asalin Germanic. A halin yanzu, harshen Ingilishi ne kaɗai ya ci gaba da amfani da kalmar "roof" da ma’anarta ta gaba ɗaya, yayin da sauran harsunan suka koma amfani da kalmomi masu ma’ana iri ɗaya da kalmar Tsohuwar Ingilishi ''þæc'' (wato thatch – rufin ciyawa ko itace).**

## Abubuwan da aka tsara
Abubuwan da ke cikin ƙirar rufin sune:

* kayan aiki
* gini
* dindindin

Abubuwan rufin na iya kasancewa daga ganyen ayaba, alkama ko ciyawa zuwa gilashin laminated, jan ƙarfe * (duba: rufin jan ƙarfe) *, Aluminium sheeting da kuma kankare da aka riga aka yi. A sassa da yawa na duniya, tukwane na rufin yumbu sun kasance mafi yawan kayan rufin ƙarni, idan ba dubban shekaru ba. Sauran kayan rufin sun hada da asphalt, tar na kwal, roba na EPDM, Hypalon, kumfa na polyurethane, PVC, slate, Teflon fabric, TPO, da girgizar itace da shingles.

**gini** rufin an ƙayyade shi ta hanyar hanyar tallafawa da kuma yadda aka haɗa sararin samaniya da kuma ko rufin ya kasance ko a'a. Filin shine kusurwar da rufin ya tashi daga mafi ƙasƙanci zuwa mafi girman matsayi. Yawancin gine-ginen cikin gida na Amurka, sai dai a yankuna masu bushewa sosai, suna da rufin da ke karkata, ko kuma an shimfiɗa su. Kodayake abubuwan gine-gine na zamani kamar bututun ruwa na iya cire buƙatar farar, ana shimfiɗa rufin saboda dalilai na al'ada da kyawawan abubuwa. Don haka *filin wasa* da wani ɓangare ya dogara da abubuwan da suka shafi salo, kuma wani ɓangare ya yi da aikace-aikace.

Wasu nau'ikan rufin, alal misali ciyawar, suna buƙatar tsayi mai tsayi don zama mai hana ruwa da kuma mai ɗorewa. Sauran nau'ikan rufin, alal misali Pantiles, ba su da ƙarfi a kan rufin da ya fi tsayi amma suna ba da kariya mai kyau a cikin ƙananan kusurwa. A yankunan da akwai ruwan sama kadan, kusan rufin da ke kusa da ɗanɗano yana ba da isasshen kariya daga ruwan sama na lokaci-lokaci. Rashin ruwa kuma yana cire buƙatar rufin da ke da gangara.

Mutumin da ya ƙware a cikin ginin rufin ana kiransa rufin.

Tsawon rufin lamari ne na damuwa saboda rufin sau da yawa shine mafi ƙarancin ɓangaren gini don dalilai na gyarawa da sabuntawa, yayin da lalacewa ko lalacewa na iya haifar da mummunar sakamako.

## Hanyar da ake ciki


Fayil:The_Elms_Jersey.jpg|Slate, Jersey
Fayil:Miskolc_omassa_peasant_house.jpg|Terracotta tiles, Hungary
Fayil:Niigata_NCM_Peasant_Rice_Farmers_House.jpg|Thatch, using rice straw, Japan
Fayil:Njem_house_in_Cameroon.jpg|Banana leaves, Cameroon
Fayil:Neot_smadar.jpg|Date palm branches, Neot Semadar, Israel
Fayil:Minenverwalter_Kolmannskuppe.jpg|Metal sheeting, Namibia
Fayil:Gassho-zukuri_farmhouse-02.jpg|Repairing thatch, Gassho-zukuri farmhouse, Japan
Fayil:Stone_Roofing_House_-_Palchan_-_Kullu_2014-05-10_2507.JPG|Stone used as roofing material in Himachal Pradesh, India
Fayil:Green_Roof_in_Norway.png|Turf roof in Norway
**siffar rufin** ya bambanta sosai daga yanki zuwa yanki. Babban abubuwan da ke tasiri ga siffar rufin sune yanayi da kayan da ake samu don tsarin rufin da murfin waje.

Abubuwan da ke tattare da rufin suna da shimfiɗa, mono-pitched, gabled, Mansar, hipped, butterfly, arched da dome. Akwai bambance-bambance da yawa akan waɗannan nau'ikan. Rufin da aka gina daga sassan da ke da laushi ana kiransa rufin da aka shimfiɗa (yawanci idan kusurwar ta wuce digiri 10).  Rufin rufin, gami da rufin gabled, hipped da skillion, sun zama mafi yawan rufin gida. Wasu rufin suna bin siffofin kwayoyin halitta, ko dai ta hanyar zane-zane ko kuma saboda an yi amfani da kayan sassauci kamar ciyawar a cikin ginin.

## Sashe
Akwai sassa biyu zuwa rufin: tsarin goyon bayansa da fatarsa ta waje, ko mafi girman yanayin yanayi. A cikin ƙananan gine-gine, Layer na waje ma tsari ne mai tallafawa kansa.

Tsarin rufin yana tallafawa gabaɗaya a kan ganuwar, kodayake wasu tsarin gini, alal misali, geodesic da A-frame, suna ɓoye bambancin tsakanin bango da rufin.

### Taimako

Tsarin goyon baya na rufin yawanci ya ƙunshi katako waɗanda suke da tsawo kuma masu karfe, kayan aiki masu tsayi kamar katako, kuma tun daga tsakiyar karni na 19, ƙarfe ko ƙarfe. A cikin ƙasashen da ke amfani da bamboo sosai, sassauci na kayan yana haifar da layin da ya bambanta zuwa rufin, halayyar gine-ginen Gabas.

Itace yana ba da kansa ga siffofi daban-daban na rufin. Tsarin katako na iya cika kyawawan abubuwa da kuma aiki mai amfani, lokacin da aka bar shi a bayyane.

An yi amfani da lintels na dutse don tallafawa rufin tun zamanin da ba a san shi ba, amma ba za su iya yin gada mai nisa ba. An yi amfani da dutsen da yawa a zamanin Roman na dā kuma a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban ana iya amfani da su don ɗaukar sarari har zuwa    a fadin. Ginin dutse ko rufin, tare da ko ba tare da haƙarƙari ba, ya mamaye tsarin rufin manyan ayyukan gine-gine na kimanin shekaru 2,000, kawai ya ba da damar katako na ƙarfe tare da Juyin Juya Halin Masana'antu da kuma tsara irin waɗannan gine-gine kamar Paxton's Crystal Palace, an kammala 1851.

Tare da ci gaba da ingantawa a cikin katako na ƙarfe, waɗannan sun zama babban tallafin tsari don manyan rufin, kuma a ƙarshe don gidaje na yau da kullun. Wani nau'i na katako shine katako mai ƙarfi, wanda aka rufe sandunan ƙarfe a cikin katako, yana ba shi ƙarfi mafi girma a ƙarƙashin tashin hankali.

Tallafin rufin na iya zama a matsayin wuraren zama kamar yadda za'a iya gani a rufin rufin. Rufin rufi sarari ne a cikin tsarin rufin wanda aka canza shi zuwa ɗaki na wani nau'i.

### Layer na waje
Wannan bangare na rufin yana nuna bambanci mai yawa wanda ya dogara da wadatar kayan. A cikin gine-ginen gargajiya, kayan rufin sau da yawa ciyayi ne, kamar su shuke-shuke, mafi tsayi shine ciyawa na teku tare da rayuwa na watakila shekaru 40. A kasashe da yawa na Asiya ana amfani da bamboo don tsarin tallafi da kuma layin waje inda aka raba bamboo a madadin kuma aka rufe. A yankunan da ke da yalwar katako, ana amfani da shingles na katako, shakes da allon, yayin da a wasu ƙasashe ana iya cire bark na wasu bishiyoyi a cikin kauri, nauyi kuma ana amfani da su don rufin.

Karni na 20 ya ga ƙera kayan aikin asphalt shingles wanda zai iya kasancewa daga ƙanƙantaccen shingle na shekaru 20 zuwa mafi kauri wanda ke da iyakantaccen shingles na rayuwa, farashin ya dogara da kauri da tsayin daka na shingle. Lokacin da wani Layer na shingles ya yi tsufa, yawanci ana cire su, tare da underlay da rufin ƙusa, yana ba da damar shigar da sabon Layer. Wata hanyar da za a iya amfani da ita ita ce shigar da wani Layer kai tsaye a kan Layer ɗin da aka sawa. Duk da yake wannan hanyar tana da sauri, ba ta ba da izinin bincika rufin rufin da lalacewar ruwa, sau da yawa ana danganta shi da shingles da suka lalace, don gyarawa. Samun yadudduka masu yawa na tsoffin shingles a ƙarƙashin sabon yadudduka yana haifar da ƙusa na rufin da ke gaba daga sheathing, yana raunana riƙewar su. Babban damuwa game da wannan hanyar shine cewa nauyin ƙarin kayan zai iya wuce ƙarfin nauyin rufin kuma ya haifar da rushewa. Saboda wannan, hukunce-hukuncen da ke amfani da Dokar Gine-gine ta Duniya sun haramta shigar da sabon rufin a saman rufin da ke akwai wanda ke da aikace-aikace biyu ko fiye na kowane nau'in rufin; dole ne a cire kayan rufin da ake da su kafin a shigar da sabon Rufin.

Slate abu ne mai kyau, kuma mai ɗorewa, yayin da a cikin Swiss Alps rufin an yi su ne daga manyan slabs na dutse, inci da yawa masu kauri. Sau da yawa ana ɗaukar rufin dutse a matsayin mafi kyawun nau'in rufin. Rufin dutse na iya ɗaukar shekaru 75 zuwa 150, har ma da tsawo. Koyaya, rufin dutse sau da yawa suna da tsada don shigarwa - a Amurka, alal misali, rufin shimfiɗa na iya samun farashi iri ɗaya da sauran gidan. Sau da yawa, ɓangaren farko na rufin dutse don kasawa shine ƙusa na gyarawa; suna lalata, suna ba da damar slates su zame. A Burtaniya, an san wannan yanayin da "ciwon ƙusa". Saboda wannan matsala, ana ba da shawarar gyara ƙusa da aka yi da ƙarfe ko jan ƙarfe, har ma da waɗannan dole ne a kare su daga yanayi.

Asbestos, yawanci a cikin bangarorin da aka haɗa, an yi amfani da su sosai a cikin karni na 20 a matsayin kayan rufi mai arha, wanda ba ya ƙonewa tare da kyawawan kaddarorin rufi. Batutuwan kiwon Lafiya da shari'a da ke tattare da hakar ma'adinai da sarrafa kayayyakin asbestos suna nufin cewa ba a sake amfani da shi azaman sabon kayan rufi. Koyaya, rufin asbestos da yawa suna ci gaba da wanzuwa, musamman a Kudancin Amurka da Asiya.

Rufin da aka yi da yankan turf (waɗanda aka sani da rufin kore, na gargajiya kamar rufin sod) suna da kyawawan kaddarorin rufewa kuma ana karfafa su a matsayin hanyar "kore" Duniya. Ƙasa da ciyayi suna aiki azaman mai rufi mai rai, matsakaiciyar yanayin gine-gine. Rufin adobe rufin yumɓu ne, an gauraye shi da kayan ɗaurewa kamar straw ko gashin dabba, kuma an shafa shi a kan lathes don samar da rufin da ya kwanta ko mai laushi, yawanci a wuraren da ruwan sama ya ragu.

A wuraren da yumɓu yake da yawa, rufin tukwane sun kasance babban nau'in rufin. Yin gyare-gyare da kuma yin amfani da rufin rufin masana'antu ce wacce galibi ke da alaƙa da aikin tubali. Duk da yake siffar da launi na tiles sun kasance daban-daban a yankin, yanzu ana samar da tiles na siffofi da launuka da yawa ta hanyar kasuwanci, don dacewa da dandano da aljihu na mai siye. Gilashin rufin rufi ma zaɓi ne na yau da kullun, ana samun su a cikin nau'o'i da siffofi daban-daban.

An kuma yi amfani da ƙarfe a cikin nau'in jan ƙarfe da gubar na daruruwan shekaru. Dukansu suna da tsada amma suna da tsayi, babban rufin jan ƙarfe na Cathedral na Chartres, wanda ya zama launin kore, tun da yake yana nan na daruruwan shekaru. Lead, wanda wani lokacin ake amfani dashi don rufin coci, an fi amfani dashi azaman haskakawa a cikin kwari da kewayen bututun wuta a kan rufin gida, musamman wadanda ke cikin dutse. An yi amfani da jan ƙarfe don wannan dalili.

A cikin karni na 19, ƙarfe, electroplated tare da zinc don inganta juriya ga tsatsa, ya zama mai sauƙi, mai sauƙin jigilar kaya, kayan hana ruwa. Farashinsa mai sauƙi da aikace-aikacensa mai sauƙi ya sa ya zama rufin kasuwanci mafi sauƙi, a duk duniya. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an haɓaka nau'ikan Rufin ƙarfe da yawa. Gilashin ƙarfe ko rufin da ke tsaye na tsawon shekaru 50 ko fiye dangane da hanyar shigarwa da shingen danshi (underlayment) da aka yi amfani da shi kuma suna tsakanin farashin rufin shingle da rufin slate. A cikin karni na 20, an haɓaka adadi mai yawa na kayan rufi, gami da rufin da suka danganci bitumen (wanda aka riga aka yi amfani da shi a cikin ƙarni da suka gabata), a kan roba da kuma kewayon roba kamar thermoplastic da fibreglass.
Fayil:The_Elms_Jersey.jpg|Slate, Jersey
Fayil:Miskolc_omassa_peasant_house.jpg|Terracotta tiles, Hungary
Fayil:Niigata_NCM_Peasant_Rice_Farmers_House.jpg|Thatch, using rice straw, Japan
Fayil:Njem_house_in_Cameroon.jpg|Banana leaves, Cameroon
Fayil:Neot_smadar.jpg|Date palm branches, Neot Semadar, Israel
Fayil:Minenverwalter_Kolmannskuppe.jpg|Metal sheeting, Namibia
Fayil:Gassho-zukuri_farmhouse-02.jpg|Repairing thatch, Gassho-zukuri farmhouse, Japan
Fayil:Stone_Roofing_House_-_Palchan_-_Kullu_2014-05-10_2507.JPG|Stone used as roofing material in Himachal Pradesh, India
Fayil:Green_Roof_in_Norway.png|Turf roof in Norway


## Ayyuka
Taron rufin yana da ayyuka fiye da ɗaya. Yana iya samar da kowane ko duk ayyukan da suka biyo baya: 1. Don zubar da ruwa watau, hana ruwa daga tsayawa a saman rufin. Ruwa da ke tsaye a saman rufin yana ƙara nauyin rayuwa a kan tsarin rufin, wanda shine batun tsaro. Ruwa mai tsayawa yana ba da gudummawa ga lalacewar mafi yawan kayan rufi. Wasu takardun shaida na masana'antun rufin sun zama marasa amfani saboda ruwa mai tsaye. 
2. Don kare ciki na ginin daga tasirin yanayi kamar ruwan sama, iska, rana, zafi da dusar ƙanƙara. 
3. Don samar da rufi mai zafi. Yawancin tarurrukan rufin kasuwanci / masana'antu na zamani sun haɗa da allon rufi ko rufin rufi. A mafi yawan lokuta, Dokar Gine-gine ta Duniya da Dokar Mazaunin Duniya sun kafa mafi ƙarancin R-darajar da ake buƙata a cikin taron rufin. 
4. Don yin aiki don rayuwar sabis da ake tsammani. Dukkanin kayan rufin da aka saba amfani da su sun kafa tarihin rayuwarsu, bisa ga shaidar labarai. Yawancin kayan rufin za su kasance na dogon lokaci bayan garantin mai sana'a ya ƙare, an ba da isasshen kulawa, da kuma lalacewar guguwa. Rufin ƙarfe da tayal na iya ɗaukar shekaru hamsin ko fiye. Asphalt shingles na iya ɗaukar shekaru 30-50 . Rufin da aka gina na tar na kwal na iya ɗaukar shekaru arba'in ko fiye. Rufin rufi guda ɗaya na iya ɗaukar shekaru ashirin ko fiye. 
5. Bayar da bayyanar da ake so, ba tare da wata matsala ba. Ana zaɓar wasu rufin ba kawai don ayyukan da ke sama ba, har ma da kyawawan abubuwa, kamar murfin bango. Sau da yawa ana biyan farashi na kyauta don wasu tsarin saboda kyawawan bayyanarsu da "ƙarar da aka yi".

### Rufewa
Saboda manufar rufin ita ce don tabbatar da mutane da dukiyoyinsu daga abubuwan yanayi, abubuwan da ke rufe rufin suna da la'akari a cikin tsarinsa da zaɓin kayan rufin.

Wasu kayan rufin, musamman wadanda ke da kayan halitta, kamar su kara, suna da kyawawan halaye masu rufewa. Ga waɗanda ba sa yin hakan, ana shigar da ƙarin rufi a ƙarƙashin layin waje. A cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa, yawancin gidaje suna da rufin kai aka shigar a ƙarƙashin membobin tsarin rufin. Dalilin rufin shine don karewa daga zafi da sanyi, hayaniya, datti kuma sau da yawa daga datti da kwari na tsuntsaye waɗanda ke yawan zaɓar rufin a matsayin wuraren zama.

Ana iya amfani da takalma na kwaskwarima a matsayin mai rufi. Lokacin da aka shigar da shi yana barin sarari tsakanin tayal da rufin, zai iya rage dumama da rana ta haifar.

Ana jin siffofin rufi ko filastik, wani lokacin tare da farfajiyar haske, wanda aka shigar kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin tiles ko wasu kayan; bugun kumfa na roba da aka shimfiɗa sama da rufin da kuma kayan takarda da aka sake amfani da su da sauran irin waɗannan kayan da za a iya sakawa ko yayyafawa cikin ramukan rufin. Rufin sanyi yana ƙara shahara,  kuma a wasu lokuta ana ba da umarni ta hanyar lambobin gida. Ana bayyana rufin sanyi a matsayin rufin da ke da babban haskakawa da kuma fitar da zafi.

Rufin da ba shi da kyau da iska na iya fama da matsaloli kamar samar da madatsar ruwan kankara a kusa da rufin da ke sama a yanayin sanyi, wanda ke haifar da ruwa daga dusar ƙanƙara a saman bangarorin rufin don shiga cikin kayan rufin. Dams na kankara yana faruwa ne lokacin da zafi ya tsere ta saman rufin, kuma dusar ƙanƙara a waɗancan maki yana narkewa, yana sake sanyi yayin da yake drip tare da shingles, kuma yana tattarawa a cikin nau'in kankara a ƙananan maki. Wannan na iya haifar da lalacewar tsari daga damuwa, gami da lalaceyar gutter da tsarin magudanar ruwa.

### Rashin ruwa
Babban aikin mafi yawan rufin shine hana ruwa. Babban yanki na rufin yana fitar da ruwa mai yawa, wanda dole ne a jagoranta shi ta wata hanya mai dacewa, don kada ya haifar da lalacewa ko rashin jin daɗi.

Rufin rufi na gidajen ado gabaɗaya suna da ɗan gangara kaɗan. A cikin ƙasar Gabas ta Tsakiya, inda za'a iya amfani da rufin don nishaɗi, sau da yawa ana rufe shi, kuma dole ne a samar da ramukan ruwa don dakatar da ruwa daga tarawa da shiga cikin kayan rufin.

Duk da yake rufin rufi sun fi fuskantar matsalolin magudanar ruwa, rufin da ba a tsara shi ba ko rufin da aka tsara shi ba na iya fuskantar irin waɗannan matsaloli. Ruwa mai tsaye a kan rufin na iya haifar da ci gaban ƙira, wanda ke da mummunar lalacewa ga tsarin ginin da lafiyar mazaunanta. Gyara matsalolin magudanar ruwa ba su da tsada sosai fiye da gyara lalacewar da ƙuda ta haifar.

Irin waɗannan matsalolin, kodayake a kan sikelin da ya fi girma, suna fuskantar masu ginin kadarorin kasuwanci na zamani waɗanda galibi suna da rufin rufi. Saboda girman yanayin irin wannan rufin, yana da mahimmanci cewa fata na waje ya kasance mai matukar impermeable. Yawancin gine-ginen masana'antu da kasuwanci suna da rufin al'ada na ƙasa.

Gabaɗaya, faɗin rufin ya yi daidai da adadin hazo. Gidaje a yankunan da ke da karancin ruwan sama sau da yawa suna da rufin da ke da ƙananan farfajiyar yayin da waɗanda ke cikin yankunan da ake da ruwan sama da dusar ƙanƙara, suna da rufi masu tsayi. gidaje masu tsawo na Papua New Guinea, alal misali, kasancewar gine-ginen rufin, rufin da ke kusa da ƙasa. Rufin da ke da tsawo a Jamus da Holland suna da kyau a yankunan dusar ƙanƙara. A wasu sassan Arewacin Amurka kamar Buffalo, New York, Amurka, ko Montreal, Quebec, Kanada, akwai mafi ƙarancin gangara da ake buƙata na 6 cikin 12 (1:2, filin 30 °).

Akwai tsarin gine-gine na yanki wanda ya saba wa wannan yanayin, rufin dutse na shaguna na Alpine yawanci suna da karkatacciyar karkata. Wadannan gine-ginen suna tara dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa a kansu, wanda ake gani a matsayin abin da ke haifar da rufin su. Filin rufin yana cikin wani ɓangare ya ƙayyade ta hanyar kayan rufin da ke akwai, filin 3 cikin 12 (1:4) ko mafi girman gangara gabaɗaya ana rufe shi da shingles na asphalt, girgizar itace, ƙarfe mai laushi, slate ko tile.

Ruwan da rufin ya kori a lokacin ruwan sama yana iya lalata ginin da rufin ke karewa. Idan yana gudana a bangon, yana iya shiga cikin turmi ko ta bangarori. Idan yana kwance a kusa da tushe yana iya haifar da zubowa zuwa ciki, hauhawar danshi ko bushewar bushewa. Saboda wannan dalili yawancin gine-gine suna da tsarin da ke wurin don kare ganuwar gini daga mafi yawan ruwan rufin. Ana amfani da rufin rufi don wannan dalili. Yawancin rufin zamani da tsofaffi da yawa suna da tsarin kwari, gutters, waterpouts, waterheads da drainpipes don cire ruwa daga kusa da ginin. A sassa da yawa na duniya, ana tattara ruwan rufin kuma ana adana shi don amfani da gida.

Yankunan da ke fuskantar dusar ƙanƙara mai nauyi suna amfana daga rufin ƙarfe saboda shimfidarsu mai santsi yana zubar da nauyin dusar ƙara cikin sauƙi kuma yana tsayayya da ƙarfin iska fiye da shingle na katako ko rufin kankare.
Fayil:Snow_on_the_roof.jpg|Snow on the roofs of houses in Poland
Fayil:Ashdod_2005,_rooftop_view_p2.JPG|The flat roofs of the Middle East, Israel
Fayil:Jakriborg,_juni_2005_x.jpg|Steeply pitched, gabled roofs in Northern Europe
Fayil:雪中紫禁城_7.jpg|The overhanging eaves of China
Fayil:PA120016.JPG|Green roof with solar panels, Findhorn, Scotland


### Rufin rana
Sabbin tsarin sun haɗa da shingles na hasken rana wanda ke samar da wutar lantarki da kuma rufe rufin. Har ila yau, akwai tsarin hasken rana wanda ke samar da ruwa mai zafi ko iska mai zafi kuma wanda zai iya aiki azaman rufin rufi. Tsarin da ya fi rikitarwa na iya aiwatar da duk waɗannan ayyuka: samar da wutar lantarki, dawo da wutar lantarki mai zafi, da kuma aiki a matsayin rufin rufin.

: hadewa a cikin murfin rufin rufin, misali shingles na hasken rana,
: hawa a kan rufin da ke akwai, misali panel na hasken rana a kan rufi,
: hadewa a cikin membrane mai laushi ta amfani da walda zafi (misali PVC) ko
: hawa a kan rufin da ke da santsi tare da gini da ƙarin nauyi don hana tashi daga iska.

## Hoton rufin rufin

Fayil:Five_roofs_of_Toji-ji,_Kyoto.jpg|Five roofs of Toji-ji, Kyoto
Fayil:Thai-roof.jpg|Pitched roof with decorated gable, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Fayil:Valsta_säteri.jpg|Säteri roof (with vertical break in pitch), Sweden
Fayil:Mount-gilead-ohio-jail.jpg|Mansard roof, county jail, Mount Gilead, Ohio
Fayil:National_Taiwan_Science_Education_Center_Chinese_Roof.jpg|Conical roof, Nanhai Academy in Taipei
Fayil:Concrete_roof_insulation_in_Haikou,_Hainan,_China_-_04.JPG|Flat roofs, Haikou City, Hainan, China
Fayil:Mandurah_house.jpg|Sloped flat roof, house, Western Australia
Fayil:William_Krisel_butterfly_roof_home_in_Paradise_Palms.jpg|Butterfly roof in Paradise Palms in the southwestern United States


## Gidan manyan rufin

Fayil:Hospices_de_beaune_toit.jpg|The polychrome tiles of the Hospices de Beaune, France.
Fayil:SydneyOperaHouse6_gobeirne.jpg|The glazed ceramic tiles of the Sydney Opera House.
Fayil:Coupole_du_mihrab,_Grande_Mosquée_de_Kairouan.jpg|Ashlar masonry dome of the Great Mosque of Kairoun, Tunisia
Fayil:Cupola_santamariadelfiore.jpg|Imbrex and tegula tiles on the dome of Florence Cathedral.
Fayil:Taj_gumbad.jpg|The marble dome of the Taj Mahal.
Fayil:Speyerer_Dom_Dach.jpg|The copper roof of Speyer Cathedral, Germany.
Fayil:Kings_chapel_roof.jpg|The lead roof of King's College Chapel, England.
Fayil:Grand_Palaais_501590_fh000033.jpg|The glass roof of the Grand Palais, Paris.
Fayil:Sirrako_slate_roof.jpg|A slate roof in Syrrako (Greece), built with a curved valley layout and finials on top.


## Dubi kuma

* Rufin shuɗi
* Ginin da aka haɗa da photovoltaics
* Ginin rufin gida
* Jerin rufin Girka da Romawa
* Jerin siffofin rufin
* Tsabtace rufin
* Rufin roba na roba
* Gilashin hasken rana
* Gine-gine mai tsauri
* Tsarin shell mai laushi

## Manazarta