Kungiyar Daidaita Mata

Duk-Russian ( Russian Всероссийский союз равноправия женщин ) ƙungiya ce mai sassaucin ra'ayi da aka kafa a cikin daular Rasha a lokacin juyin juya halin Rasha na 1905 . Ƙungiyar ta buƙaci dai-daito a siyasance, musamman zabe, hakki ga mata. Ƙungiyar tana da manyan cibiyoyi a Moscow da Saint-Petersburg da kuma wasu surori na gida a garuruwa daban-daban na Daular. A kololuwarta a cikin 1906, Ƙungiyar tana da mambobi 8,000 da rassa 78 a cikin birane 65. Ƙungiyar ta buga mujallu na wata-wata Ƙungiyar Mata (Союз женщин) a cikin 1907-09. Kungiyar ta wargaje jim kadan bayan kawo karshen juyin juya hali. Duk da rashin nasarorin da aka samu ta fuskar mata, Ƙungiyar ta yi nasarar wayar da kan mata da yawa a cikin daular Rasha.

## Ƙirƙira da manufofin
Mata 30 masu sassaucin ra'ayi ne suka kafa ƙungiyar wata ɗaya bayan Jini Lahadi (22 Janairu 1905). Waɗanda suka kafa sun haɗa da Zinaida Mirovich, Anna Kalmanovich, Liubov Gurevich, da Maria Chekhova .  Sun ji cewa ƙungiyoyi masu sassaucin ra'ayi, kamar Union of Liberation, ba su da sha'awar 'yancin mata.  

A ranar 10 ga Afrilu, ƙungiyar ta kira taron farko na mata a Moscow. Kimanin masu halarta 1,000 ne suka aza harsashin taron farko na ƙungiyar a ranar 7-10 ga Mayu.  Majalisar, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Anna Miliukova (matar Pavel Milyukov ), ta samu halartar wasu wakilai 300 na hukuma, ciki har da wakilai 70 da aka aiko daga surori na gida na 26,  wanda ya ɗauki wani shiri mai nisa wanda ya nuna cewa 'yantar da mata ba shi da bambanci daga 'yantar da al'umma gaba daya.  Ƙungiyar ba ta mai da hankali kan batutuwan mata kawai ba, kuma ta shiga cikin ƙungiyoyi masu sassaucin ra'ayi, suna sane da yin amfani da kalmar "'yantar da mata" ba "'yan mata ba".  Shirin ya buƙaci da a gudanar da babban taron majalisar wakilai da aka zaba ta hanyar zabe dai-dai, kai tsaye, sirri, da kuma na duniya baki daya (ba tare da la’akari da jinsi, kasa ko addini ba), ‘yancin cin gashin kan ƙananan ƙabilu na ƙasa, da kuma soke hukuncin kisa baya ga karin bukatun mata na daidaito a gaban shari’a, daidaiton ‘yanci a duk wani garambawul na kasa, ba da kariya ga doka da walwala ga mata ma’aikata, da bayar da horo a kowane mataki.   Batun 'yancin cin gashin kai na kasa ya kawo rarrabuwar kawuna: matan Rasha sun yi mamakin muhimmancin cin gashin kai ga matan Ukrainian, Poland, Lithuania, Yahudawa, da Belarusiya.  An gudanar da taro na gaba a ranar 8-12 Oktoba 1905.  An gudanar da taro na uku a ranar 21-24 ga Mayu 1906. 

## Ayyuka
Ƙungiyar ta roki City Dumas da *zemstva* da su baiwa mata 'yancin kada kuri'a.  A cikin Mayu 1905, tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi goma sha uku, Ƙungiyar ta zama memba na Ƙungiyar .  Hakanan ya hada kai da kishin kungiyar da ta maye gurbinsu da kuma aika da wakilai zuwa congreses a Copenhagen (Agusta 1906) da Amsterdam (Yuni 1908).  A garuruwa daban-daban, mata sun shirya tarurruka, sun rubuta koke, tattara sa hannu, da gabatar da su ga cibiyoyin siyasa daban-daban, ciki har da Duma na Jiha .  Sun yi kira ga kungiyoyi daban-daban da su kara zaburar da mata a cikin ajandarsu,  amma liyafar a tsakanin kungiyoyin maza ya kasance cikin kwanciyar hankali domin da yawa suna goyon bayan yancin mata bisa manufa, amma sun yi iƙirarin cewa a aikace lokaci ne da bai dace ba don tada batun.  Bisa buƙatar wasu wakilan Duma masu tausayawa, ƙungiyar ta shirya takamaiman shawarwari kan gyara kundin doka don shigar da 'yancin mata, amma an rushe Duma kafin a ɗauki wani mataki. 

A lokacin tsayin juyin juya halin, ciki har da tashin hankalin Moscow na 1905, mambobin kungiyar sun ba da goyon baya ga masu juyin juya hali ta hanyar tattara kudade, shirya tashoshin ba da agaji na farko da kantin sayar da kayayyaki,  suna tafiya cikin zanga-zangar da kiyaye shinge.  Mata kuma sun yi aiki tare da wasu kungiyoyi, irin su Red Cross, Union of Unions, and Unemployment Commission. Kasafin kudin kungiyar na 1905-06 ya kasance 3,800 rubles, wanda 1,000 rubles da aka sanya don tallafawa wasu kungiyoyi da masu yajin aiki.  A cikin Fall 1906, reshen Saint Petersburg ya shirya yawon shakatawa na tashin hankali; fitattun laccoci sun ja hankalin masu sauraro har 800. A cikin 1907, Ƙungiyar ta rarraba ƙasidu da littattafai 10,000 a cikin karkara. Tun da ba duka mata ne suka yi karatu ba, an shirya karatun haɗin gwiwa. 

## Rushewa
Yayin da shirin ƙungiyar ya nuna yunƙurin haɗa al'amurran da suka shafi ma'aikata biyu (lamuncewar jin daɗin rayuwa) da matan manoma (daidaituwa a sake fasalin ƙasa), yana da wahala wajen jawo hankalinsu da kuma riƙe amincinsu.  Haɗin kai ajin ya fi haɗin kan jinsi mahimmanci. Rashin jituwa na cikin gida da gabatar da danniya daga hukumomin Tsarist ya haifar da raguwa cikin gaggawa na Tarayyar. Ƙungiyar ba ta taba yin rijista a hukumance a matsayin ƙungiya ba.  An dakatar da mujallar *Women's Union* a watan Disamba 1909.  Manufarta ita ce, Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Daidaita Mata ta ci nasara.

## Magana