Plácida Espinoza

**Plácida Espinoza Mamani** (an haife ta a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 1948) malamar makaranta ce, 'yar siyasa, kuma mai fafutukar kwadago 'yar Bolivia wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin sanata a Oruro daga 2015 zuwa 2020.

An haife ta ne a cikin 'yan asalin karkara a Lardin Carangas na tsakiya na Oruro, Espinoza ta fara aikinta na sana'a a fagen ilimi, tana aiki a matsayin malamin makaranta da mai gudanarwa kuma tana aiki a hukumar makarantar ta gida. A wannan lokacin, ta fara shiga cikin Kungiyoyin kasuwanci na yankin, tana riƙe da matsayi a cikin ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata na yau da kullun kafin ta shiga ƙungiyar mata ta Bartolina Sisa. 

Wani kabilanci na Aymara, Espinoza ya ** ɗaukar matsayi na ikon gargajiya a lokacin da irin waɗannan mukamai suka fara dawo da muhimmancin su a cikin al'ummar ƙasar. Ta hanyar aurenta da wani shugaban 'yan asalin *Yankin*, ta ɗauki lakabi na muhimmancin gida da na yanki, ko a cikin *ayllu*, marka, ko suyu. Wannan, tare da matsayinta na ƙungiyar, ya buɗe ƙofar siyasa, saboda haɗin gwiwar da aka kafa tsakanin 'yan asalin ƙasar, manoma, da ƙungiyoyin kwadago tare da Ƙungiyar Socialism mai ƙarfi. A shekara ta 2014, an zabi Espinoza a matsayin sanata na jam'iyyar.

## Rayuwa ta farko da aiki

### Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Plácida Espinoza a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 1948 a Chachacomani, wani karamin ƙauyen da ke arewacin Altiplano Plateau na tsakiyar Oruro .  Garin, bisa ga al'adar 'Yan asalin Aymara, yana cikin Mallcunaca Ayllu, wani yanki na Corque Marka a cikin Jach'a Karangas Suyu - yankin da ya dace da iyakokin Lardin Carangas na Oruro. [α]

Kodayake ta girma a cikin talauci na karkara a lokacin da aka ware mata, Espinoza duk da haka ta sami nasarar samun ilimi kuma ta bunƙasa ilimi.[1] Ta kammala karatun firamare kuma ta fara karatun sakandare a makarantun Aniceto Arce da José Trifiro a garin Corque kafin ta koma Oruro, inda ta halarci Marcos Beltrán Ávila Educational Unit, a ƙarshe ta kammala karatun sakandare na Antofagasta Lyceum . Bayan haka, Espinoza ta koma Sucre, inda ta kammala karatu a matsayin malama daga Marshal Sucre Normal School [es].[es] Bugu da kari, tana da digiri na biyu a fannin ilimi daga Cibiyar Ilimi ta Karkara kuma ta kammala darussan ƙwarewa a fannin watsa labarai a Jami'ar Katolika ta karkara ta Bolivia a Tiwanaku . [1][es]

Da ta dawo Corque, Espinoza ta yi aiki a matsayin farfesa a tsohuwar makarantar firamare, Aniceto Arce, wata cibiyar da ta zo ta jagoranci daga baya; za ta ci gaba da koyarwa a Yankin Ilimi na Sun a Oruro. Ayyukan Espinoza a cikin ilimi sun buɗe hanyoyi don aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati; ta ɗauki aiki a matsayin wakilin birni kuma ta riƙe kujerar a kan hukumar makarantar ta gida,  daga baya ta zama shugabar Majalisar Ilimi ta Aymara ta La Paz a farkon 2000s.

### Unionism da shugabancin 'yan asalin ƙasar

Kusan farkon karni, Espinoza ta fara taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Kungiyoyin kasuwanci na yankin, waɗanda suka fara inganta shigar mata da manoma cikin matsayinsu. Ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatariyar 'yan asalin ƙasar a cikin Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Karkara ta Oruro daga 1992 zuwa 1994, a lokaci guda tana riƙe da kujerar darakta na Cibiyar Ma'aikatan Lardin Carangas tsakanin 1993 da 1994. Daga baya, ta shiga kungiyar mata ta Bartolina Sisa Peasant, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatariyar alakar kasa da kasa. A shekara ta 2010, Espinoza ta kafa reshen kanta na kungiyar a cikin Ravelo Municipality na Chayanta, a lokacin da ta rike kujerar da mataimakin shugabancin Majalisar Dokoki da aka caje ta tsara kundin tsarin mulki na yankin.

## Manazarta