Kisan kiyashi bayan 2014 a Indiya

Rikicin mai kula da shanu yana nufin tashin hankali ga waɗanda ake ganin suna yin sata ko yanka. Ana ganin shi galibi a Indiya, inda ake ɗaukar shanu masu tsarki ga yawancin Hindu. Yawancin kisan gilla an danganta su ne ga masu tsaron shanu waɗanda suka ɗauki kansu don aiwatar da dokoki game da yankan shanu. A wasu jihohi, kariya ga shanu, waɗanda ake la'akari da su masu tsarki a addinin Hindu, sun kasance muhimmiyar matsala, wanda ke haifar da ayyukan tashin hankali a kan waɗanda ake zargi da cutarwa ko cinye shanu.

## Takaitaccen Bayani
An samu tashin hankali da yawa. A cewar wani rahoto na Reuters na watan Yunin 2017, inda ya ambaci shafin yanar gizon jarida, an kashe jimlar "Indians 28 - 24 daga cikinsu Musulmai - kuma 124 sun ji rauni tun daga 2010 a cikin tashin hankali da ya shafi shanu". An bayyana yawanci da tsananin tashin hankali da ya shafi saniya a matsayin "wanda ba a taɓa gani ba". Rahoton ya bayyana cewa "Kusan dukkanin hare-haren 63 tun daga shekara ta 2010 da suka shafi tashin hankali da ya shafi shanu an rubuta su ne bayan Modi da gwamnatin Hindu ta zo mulki a shekarar 2014".

## Yin niyya ga Ƙananan Ƙasa
Yawancin wadanda aka kashe a cikin wadannan kisan gilla Musulmai ne, da kuma Dalits (membobin mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin al'adun gargajiya na Indiya). Wannan ya haifar da damuwa game da karuwar rashin haƙuri na addini da na kabilanci.

## Kafin 1800s
Kisan shanu ya kasance ana hukunta shi da mutuwa a lokuta da yawa a tarihin Indiya. A karkashin Scindia na Jihar Gwalior da Daular Sikh, an kashe mutane saboda kashe shanu.

"Holi Riot" na 1714 a Gujarat ya kasance a wani bangare da ke da alaƙa da shanu. Wani Hindu ya yi ƙoƙari ya fara bukukuwan bazara na Holi ta hanyar ƙone wuta ta Holika, bikin da maƙwabtansa Musulmai suka ƙi. Musulmai sun rama ta hanyar yanka wata saniya a gaban gidan Hindu.   Hindu sun taru, suka kai hari ga Musulmai, suka kama dan mai yankan musulmi kuma suka kashe shi. Musulmai, tare da taimakon sojojin Afghanistan, sun kori unguwar, wanda ya jagoranci Hindu a fadin birnin don ramawa. An ƙone kasuwanni da gidaje. Yawancin Hindu da Musulmai sun mutu a lokacin tashin hankali na Holi .  Tsarin tashin hankali ya ci gaba na 'yan kwanaki yana lalata unguwanni a Ahmedabad. Rikicin da ya shafi shanu da tashin hankali sun sake maimaitawa a cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya,   kodayake rikicin karni na 18 da aka rubuta a Ahmedabad shine na 1714.

## Karni na 19
A cewar Mark Doyle, Kukas na Sikhism ne suka fara ƙungiyoyin kare shanu na farko a yankin Indiya, ƙungiyar masu gyara da ke neman tsarkake Sikhism. Sikh Kukas ko Namdharis suna tayar da hankali don kariya ta shanu bayan Birtaniya ta mamaye Punjab. A shekara ta 1871, in ji Peter van der Veer, Sikhs sun kashe Musulmai masu yankan shanu a Amritsar da Ludhiana, kuma suna kallon kariya ta shanu a matsayin "alamu na halin kirki na jihar". A cewar Barbara Metcalf da Thomas Metcalf, Sikhs suna tayar da hankali ga jin daɗin shanu a cikin shekarun 1860, kuma ra'ayoyinsu sun bazu ga ƙungiyoyin sake fasalin Hindu.

A cewar Judith Walsh, rikice-rikicen kariya na shanu ya faru akai-akai a Indiya ta Burtaniya a cikin 1880s da 1890s. An lura da waɗannan a yankunan Punjab, lardunan United, Bihar, Bengal, Bombay Presidency da kuma wasu sassan Kudancin Myanmar (Rangoon). Rikicin yaki da Kisan Kwando na 1893 a Punjab ya haifar da mutuwar akalla mutane 100.  Rikicin kisan shanu na 1893 ya fara ne a lokacin bikin Musulmi na Bakr-Id, rikicin ya sake maimaitawa a 1894, kuma sun kasance mafi girman rikicin a Indiya ta Burtaniya bayan tawaye na 1857. 

Rikicin da ya haifar da kisan shanu ya ɓarke a Lahore, Ambala, Delhi, lardunan United, Bihar da sauran wurare a ƙarshen karni na 19. A Bombay kadai, an kashe daruruwan mutane ko kuma sun ji rauni a cikin tashin hankali da ya shafi shanu a cikin 1893, a cewar Hardy.  Ɗaya daga cikin batutuwan, in ji Walsh, a cikin waɗannan rikice-rikicen shine "kisan shanu na Musulmi don nama, musamman a matsayin wani ɓangare na bukukuwan addini kamar Bakr-Id". Rikicin da ya shafi kariya na shanu ya kasance wani ɓangare na manyan rikice-rikicen al'umma, rikice-rikice na addini, da rikice-rubuce na aji a lokacin mulkin mallaka

A wani wuri, a cikin 1893 akwai tashin hankali a Azamgarh da Mau, a gabashin Uttar Pradesh. Rikicin Azamgarh ya samo asali ne daga rikice-rikicen gudanarwa game da yankan shanu. An ruwaito cewa wani jami'in Burtaniya mara ƙwarewa (Henry Dupernex) ya umarci Musulmai su yi rajista tare da 'yan sanda, idan suna so su kashe shanu ga Eid al-Adha. Yawancin Musulmai sun fassara umarnin a matsayin gayyatar yin hadaya.

A garin Mau, an yi tashin hankali a 1806, in ji John McLane, wanda ya haifar da Sadar Nizamat Adawlat don hana hadayar shanu a 1808.  Hindu sun fassara wannan don nuna haramtacciyar yankan shanu. A farkon karni na 19 an tilasta haramcin a hanyar da Hindu ya fassara shi. A cikin shekarun 1860, fassarar ta canza zuwa musulmi inda aka haramta hadayar shanu a cikin 1808, amma ba yankan shanu ba. Wannan, in ji McLane, ya haifar da rashin gamsuwa mai tsanani tsakanin Hindu. Mau, tare da kusan rabin yawan jama'arta Musulmi ne, sun yi tsayayya da fassarar Hindu. Lokacin da "Muslim *zamindar* (mai mallakar ƙasa) ya nace kan yin hadaya da dabba don bikin auren 'yarsa", wani rukuni na Hindu na yankin sun taru don yin adawa, a cewar McLane. Mutane dubu huɗu daga Gundumar Ballia da dubu biyu daga Gundumar Ghazipur sun shiga Hindu a Mau don dakatar da hadaya a shekara ta 1893. A bayyane yake cewa ba a kashe shanu a Mau ba tun lokacin Akbar, amma yanzu Birtaniya suna canza dokoki don ba da damar kashe shanu a sababbin wurare. 'Yan Hindu masu kare shanu sun kai hari ga Musulmai kuma sun sace wani kasuwa a Mau. Jami'an Burtaniya sun kiyasta cewa an kashe Musulmai bakwai a cikin tashin hankali, yayin da mazauna yankin suka sanya adadin a 200.

## Manazarta