Richard Olaf Winstedt

**Sir Richard Olaf Winstedt** KBE CMG FBA ( an haife shie 2 ga watab  Agusta  shiekara ta 1878 - 2 ga Yuni 1966), ko kuma mafi yawanci **R. O. Winstedt**, Masanin Gabas ne na Ingila kuma mai mulkin mallaka tare da ƙwarewa a harshan  Malaya ta Burtaniya.&nbsp;

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Winstedt a Oxford kuma ya yi karatu a Makarantar Kwalejin Magdalen da New College, Oxford, daga inda ya sami MA. Ɗan'uwansa shi ne Eric Otto Winstedt, Latinist kuma gypsiologist.

A shekara ta 1902 ya zama ɗan ƙarami a cikin Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Tarayyar Malay, kuma an tura shi zuwa Perak inda ya yi karatun harshen Malay da al'adu. A shekara ta 1913 an nada shi Jami'in Gundumar a Kuala Pilah, kuma a 1916 an nada shi a Ma'aikatar Ilimi. A shekara ta 1920 ya sami digiri na DLitt daga Oxford. Ya auri Sarah Winstedt, likita kuma likita tare da Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kolonial wanda ya sadu da shi a Kuala Pilah, a 1921.

Ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban farko na Kwalejin Raffles, Singapore, 1928-1931. A lokacin shugabancinsa, ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mukaddashin Sakatare ga Babban Kwamishinan, 1923, Darakta na Ilimi don Ƙungiyoyin Straits da Tarayyar Malay (FMS), a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokoki, Ƙungiyoyinstraits, 1924-1931 kuma a matsayin memba ne na Majalisar Tarayya ta FMS, 1927-1931. Ya kasance shugaban reshen Malayan na Royal Asiatic Society a 1927, 1929 da 1931.  Bayan wani lokaci a matsayin Janar mai ba da shawara ga Johore, 1931-1935, Winstedt ya yi ritaya daga Ma'aikatar Jama'a ta Malaysia.

Ya koma Ingila kuma an nada shi Malami, sannan Reader, kuma a ƙarshe Honorary Fellow, a Malay a Makarantar Nazarin Gabas a London, inda ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Gudanarwa, 1939-1959. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, ya watsa shirye-shirye a cikin Malay ga Malaya da ke zaune a Japan. Ya yi ritaya daga koyarwa a shekarar 1946.

Winstedt ya yi aiki a kan allon da kungiyoyi masu ba da shawara da yawa, musamman a Royal Asiatic Society a London, wanda ya kasance shugaban kasa sau da yawa kuma mai ba da lambar zinare a 1947. Sauran kungiyoyi sun hada da Association of British Malaya, wanda ya kasance shugaban a 1938, Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Ofishin Kolonial kan Ilimi, 1936-1939, da Royal India Society. Ya kasance Fellow na Kwalejin Burtaniya, memba mai daraja na Cibiyar Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, Royal Batavian Society, da Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde .

## Ayyukan da aka samu
Ya taimaka wajen adana ayyukan da yawa na wallafe-wallafen Malay ciki har da The Malay Annals da kuma samar da muhimman ayyuka game da Malays da yarensu kamar A History of Malaya da *[[A Dictionary of Malay Language]]* . A cewar Australian Journal of Politics and History, "Winstedt shine masanin Burtaniya na farko da ya yi bincike na tsarin kayan Malay don dalilai na tarihi, kuma ya kafa ainihin tushe na tsarin kimiyya ga rubuce-rubucen tarihin Malayan. "

Ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a tsarin ilimi na Malayan da Singapore. Musamman, yana da sha'awar ilimantar da Malays. Bisa ga shawararsa, an kafa Kwalejin Horar da Sultan Idris a 1922 tare da manufar samar da malamai na Malay. A shekara ta 1997, gwamnatin Malaysia ta inganta ma'aikatar zuwa jami'a.

A cikin jerin girmamawa na ranar haihuwar 1926, mai mulkin Burtaniya ya sanya Winstedt a matsayin Aboki na Order of St Michael da St George don girmama gudummawarsa. An sanya shi Knight Commander na Order of the British Empire a 1935, kuma ya sami LLD na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Malaya a 1951.

Ana adana takardun Winstedt a Makarantar Nazarin Gabas da Afirka.

## Ayyukan da aka zaɓa

### Tarihi da al'umma

* Arts and Crafts (Tattafai a kan Batutuwa na Malay; Masana'antu na Malay, pt. 1), Kuala Lumpur: F.M.S. Gwamnatin Press, 1909.
* *Yanayin Rayuwar Malay: Kampo. Gidan. Kayan gida. Tufafi. Abinci*  (Tattafai a kan Batutuwa na Malay; No. 2), Kuala Lumpur: F.M.S. Gwamnatin Press, 1909.
* Kifi, farauta da tarko (Tattafai a kan Batutuwan Malay; Masana'antu na Malay, 2), Kuala Lumpur: F.M.S. Gwamnatin Press, 1911.
* [Hotuna a shafi na 9]
* *Malaya: Ƙungiyoyin Straits da Tarayyar Malay da ba a haɗa su ba*, London: Constable, 1923.
* *Shaman, Saiva da Sufi: nazarin juyin halitta na sihiri na Malay*, London: Constable, 1925.
* *Tarihin Johore*, Singapore, 1932.
* Tarihin Malay na Riau da Johore, da dai sauransu (Malay rubutu na Tuʹfat al-nafīs), Singapore, 1932.
* Tunanin Dama da Rayuwa Mai Kyau: na farko a kan batutuwan ɗabi'a da zamantakewa, da dai sauransu, Singapore: Malaya Publishing House, 1933. 
* *Tarihin Perak*, Singapore, 1934.
* *Tarihin Malaya*, Singapore, 1935.
* Burtaniya da Malaya, 1786-1941, London, 1944.
* Malays: tarihin al'adu, Singapore: Kelly & Walsh, 1947.

### Harshe da matani

* *Cherita jenaka: ya-itu Pa Kadok, Pa Pandir, Lebai Malang, Pa Belalang, Si Lunchai*, Singapore: Methodist Publishing House, 1908 (tatsuniyar gargajiya, wanda Raja Haji Yahya ya rubuta; editan hadin gwiwa tare da AJ Sturrock). 
** Sabon ed. Kuala Lumpur: Jami'ar Oxford Press, 1963
* *Hikayat Anggun Che Tunggal*, Singapore: Gidan wallafe-wallafen Methodist, 1914 (labari na gargajiya; editan hadin gwiwa tare da AJ Sturrock).
* *Pantun Melayu*, Singapore: Gidan Buga na Methodist, 1914 (Malay Literature Series). Mawallafi: Richard James Wilkinson . 
* An English-Malay Dictionary, 2 vols. Singapore: Kelly &amp;amp; Walsh, 1914-15 (2nd ed. 1922, 3rd ed. 1939).
* Magana Malay: mai sauƙi tare da tattaunawa, Singapore: Kelly & Walsh, 1916 (bugawa daga baya: 2nd 1920, 3rd 1929, 4th 1938, sake fasalin 1945) 
* A Malay Reader, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1917.
* *Misa Melayu*; na Raja Chulan, Singapore: Methodist Publishing House, 1919 (edita; sake bugawa a 1966 ta Pustaka Antara, Kuala Lumpur).
* Dictionary of Colloquial Malay: Malay-English & English-Malay, Singapore: Kelly & Walsh, 1920 (wanda aka sake bugawa sau da yawa har zuwa 1951).
* Tarihin Malay na Riau da Johore, da dai sauransu (Malay rubutu na Tuʹfat al-nafīs), Singapore, 1932.
* A Simple Malay Reader, London: Kegan Paul & Co., 1944

## Dubi kuma

* Pengkalan Kempas Tarihin Tarihi

## manazarta