open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Julia Corner

**Julia Corner** (1798–1875), wacce aka fi sani da **Miss Corner**, marubuciya ce ta ilimi ga yara 'yan Birtaniya wadda ta ƙirƙiri *ɗakin karatu na tarihi na Miss Corner* .

## Rayuwa
An haifi Corner a Landan a shekarar 1798. Mahaifinta, John Corner, mai sassaka ne. Da farko ta rubuta littattafai waɗanda ta ci gaba da rubutawa bayan an haɗa ta da jerin littattafan tarihi. A shekarar 1840 ta buga The History of Spain and Portugal and the History of France . Cocin England Quarterly Review ta soki na farko a matsayin "mai kare haƙƙin Jesuits" duk da cewa kyawawan manufofin "Miss Julia Corner" da ƙarancin farashin littattafanta an yaba su.  Waɗannan littattafan tarihi daga ƙarshe sun mamaye ƙasashe da yawa kuma an gina su a cikin abin da aka sani da Laburaren Tarihi na Miss Corner . 

Corner ta rubuta labarai masu sauƙi ga yara da littattafai don koyar da su  da kuma littattafan tarihi game da tsoffin 'yan Birtaniya, Saxon, da Norman. Masu buga littattafai masu rahusa kamar Henry George Bohn ne suka buga ta, waɗanda ta ƙirƙira littattafai game da Indiya da China a shekarun 1850. Littattafan ta game da ƙasashe, *Laburaren Tarihi na Miss Corner*, za a yi musu kwatancen zane kuma za su haɗa da labarai, tebura na abubuwan da suka faru na tarihi, taswira, fannoni daban-daban na tarihi da tambayoyi da suka shafi rubutun a cikin salon Richmal Mangnall .  Corner ta buga wani littafi na ilimi wanda ya dogara da tambayoyi game da Turai wanda ta gani a matsayin ci gaba ga Tambayoyin Richmal Mangnall *don Amfani da Matasa* . 

Corner ta kuma ƙirƙiri bugu na littattafan wasu marubuta da aka yi wa kwaskwarima, ciki har da littafin Anne Rodwell mai suna *A Child's First Step to the History of England* . Littattafan ta na gargajiya sun haɗa da wasannin yara a cikin jerin waƙoƙin Dean &amp;amp; Son, *Little Plays for Little People* wanda ta yi kira da a yi amfani da su don amfanin iliminsu.  A shekara ta 1854, ta rubuta wani wasan kwaikwayo ga yara bisa ga labarin tatsuniyar Beauty and the Beast wanda Alfred Henry Forrester ya zana a ƙarƙashin sunansa na Alfred Crowquill. 

Corner ta mutu a Notting Hill a ranar 16 ga Agusta 1875. Ba ta da aure kuma ba ta da 'ya'ya  kuma ta bar sunanta yana da alaƙa da kusan ayyuka 250 daban-daban. 

## Manazarta
Kungiyar Kare Muhalli

**Ƙungiyar Kula da Muhalli** ta farko ƙungiyar kare muhalli ta Burtaniya ce da Douglas MC MacEwan ya kafa  a shekarar 1966, don mayar da martani ga abin da aka gani a matsayin ƙa'idodi na asali na muhalli kan ci gaba da haɓaka tattalin arziki da haɓaka yawan jama'a a Burtaniya. 

Ƙungiyar ta sami kulawa ta musamman daga manema labarai a watan Nuwamba na 1969 saboda gabatarwar da ta yi wa Kwamitin Zaɓe na Majalisar Wakilai kan Kimiyya da Fasaha na wani takarda mai taken *Dalilin da Ya Sa Birtaniya ke Bukatar Manufar Yawan Jama'a* .  

John Davoll ne ya jagoranci ƙungiyar tun daga shekarar 1970 har zuwa lokacin da ta ƙare a shekarar 1987. 

Ƙungiyar ta buga, tare da haɗin gwiwar Volturna Press, a cikin 1968 da 1969, tarin kasidu uku waɗanda suka dace da manufofinta kamar 'Reprints of Conservation Society' Juzu'i na I, II da 3. An maye gurbin wannan da 'Conservation Batutuwa' tare da kayan asali.

## Manazarta
Yanayin Ingilishi

**Turancin Yanayi (English Nature)** ita ce hukumar gwamnatin Burtaniya da ta haɓaka kiyaye namun daji, ilimin ƙasa da wuraren daji a duk faɗin Ingila tsakanin 1990 da 2006. Ƙungiyar gwamnati ce da ba ta da ma'aikata wadda Ma'aikatar Muhalli, Abinci da Harkokin Karkara (DEFRA) ke ɗaukar nauyinta kuma tana ba da shawarwari na doka, tallafi da lasisi.

Majalisar Kula da Yanayi (NCC) (tsohon Kula da Yanayin) an kafa ta ne ta hanyar National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 don rufe batutuwan kiyaye yanayi a duk faɗin Biritaniya. An raba NCC zuwa hudu ta hanyar Dokar Kare Muhalli ta 1990 - ana ba da ayyukanta na Ingilishi ga Halitta ta Ingilishi. A Scotland, an haɗa ayyukanta tare da na Hukumar Kula da Karkara ta Scotland don samar da Tarihin Halitta na Scotland, kuma kamar haka a Wales akwai haɗuwa don samar da Majalisar Karkara ta Wales. Ƙananan jiki, Kwamitin Kula da Yanayi na hadin gwiwa (JNCC), ya goyi bayan dukkan hukumomin uku. Ayyukan Ingilishi na Hukumar Karkara sun tafi sabuwar Hukumar Karkara da aka kafa.

Harshen Ingilishi ya yi aiki kafada da kafada da JNCC da kuma sauran hukumomi na Scotland, Wales, da Arewacin Ireland ( Hukumar Muhalli ta Arewacin Ireland ) don samar da tsarin kiyaye yanayi mai daidaito a duk faɗin Burtaniya da kuma cika wajibcinta na ƙasashen duniya.

Hukumar ta daina wanzuwa a watan Oktoban 2006 bayan wani bita da Lord Haskins ya yi, wanda aka zartar a cikin Dokar Muhalli da Al'ummomin Karkara ta 2006. An haɗa ta da sassan Hukumar Ci Gaban Karkara da Hukumar Ƙauye daga ranar 1 ga Oktoban 2006, don kafa sabuwar hukuma mai suna Natural England .

## Manazarta
Bayani na sararin samaniya don Babban London

**Greenspace Information for Greater London** (GiGL) ita ce cibiyar adana bayanai game da muhalli ta Greater London. Tana tattara bayanai game da namun daji, wuraren shakatawa, wuraren ajiyar yanayi, lambuna da sauran wurare masu buɗewa, kuma tana ba da damar ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa da masu ba da shawara kan muhalli ta hanyar gidan yanar gizon ta. Samun damar jama'a zuwa gidan yanar gizon an takaita shi ne ga bayanan da ba a ɗauka da mahimmanci ba. GiGL tana aiki tare da ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa sama da 50 a London. 

## Tarihi
GiGL ta fara aiki a matsayin Aikin Rikodin Halittu na London a shekarar 1996, sannan ta zama cibiyar adana bayanai kan muhalli ta babban birnin a shekarar 2006. A shekarar 2013 ta zama kamfanin da ke kula da al'umma . 

## Yanar Gizo
Cibiyar Nazarin Halittu ta Ƙasa ce ta ƙirƙiro gidan yanar gizon GiGL. Ta haɗa da kayan aikin WIMBY (What is in my backyard) na Scottish Natural Heritage, wanda ke ba masu amfani damar bincika nau'ikan halittu ta wurinsu.

Har zuwa shekarar 2010, an samu cikakkun bayanai game da Wuraren da ke da Muhimmanci ga Kare Yanayi (SINC's) a Landan a gidan yanar gizon Magajin Garin Landan na Wildweb. An cire wannan a watan Disamba na 2010, kuma an mayar da bayanan zuwa GiGL, wanda ya ƙaddamar da shafin iGiGL a bazara na 2012.  Ba kamar Wildweb ba, an cire shafukan da ba a iya isa ga jama'a ba. Yanzu an maye gurbin iGiGL da Discover-London, tashar bayanai ta yanar gizo ta cibiyar adana bayanai ta muhalli ta babban birnin inda jama'a za su iya bincika wuraren shakatawa na London, wuraren ajiyar yanayi, lambuna da sauran wurare a buɗe. 

## Manazarta
Adalci na Halitta: Lauyoyi don Al'ummomi da Muhalli

**Adalci na Halitta: Lauyoyi don Al'ummomi da Muhalli** ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ba ta riba ba da ke Cape Town, Afirka ta Kudu, tare da ƙarin ofisoshi a Nairobi, Kenya, da Dakar, Senegal . Tana ɗauke da sunanta daga ƙa'idar shari'a ta adalci ta halitta kuma tana aiki a matakin gida don ƙarfafa al'ummomi bisa doka don bin adalci na zamantakewa da muhalli . Hakanan tana aiki a matakan ƙasa da ƙasa don haɓaka cikakken aiwatar da dokoki da manufofi na muhalli kamar Yarjejeniyar kan Bambancin Halittu . 

Harry Jonas da Sanjay Kabir Bavikatte ne suka kafa Natural Justice a shekarar 2007.  Natural Justice tana haɓaka wani tsari da kayan aiki da aka sani da ka'idojin al'umma  domin baiwa al'ummomi damar fahimtar dokoki da manufofin da suka shafe su, musamman waɗanda gwamnati da masana'antu suka ƙirƙiro ba tare da shawara ba. Ka'idoji suna taimaka wa al'ummomi su kwatanta albarkatun halittu, al'adu da ruhaniya, ƙa'idodi da dabi'unsu da kuma tabbatar da haƙƙinsu na yanzu a ƙarƙashin dokokin al'ada, na cikin gida da na ƙasashen duniya. An ƙirƙiro irin waɗannan ka'idoji tare da al'ummomin 'yan asalin ƙasar da na gida da dama a Afirka da Asiya don tabbatar da ci gaba da aiwatar da hanyoyin rayuwarsu na yau da kullun waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga kiyayewa da amfani da bambancin halittu mai ɗorewa, bisa ga Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Bambancin Halittu.

Yarjejeniyar al'umma tana samun karɓuwa a tattaunawar ƙasa da ƙasa kan samun dama da raba fa'idodi na albarkatun kwayoyin halitta  da rage hayaki daga sare dazuzzuka da lalata dazuzzuka (REDD),  ayyukan ci gaba na ciki,  da kuma kula da lafiya na gargajiya.

## Manazarta
Blanche Alethea Crackanthorpe

**Blanche Alethea Elizabeth Holt Crackanthorpe** (1847 - 4 ga Yuni 1928) marubuciya ce kuma 'yar jarida 'yar Birtaniya mai rajin kare hakkin mata, wacce aka fi sani da rubutunta mai suna "The Revolt of the Daughters."

Blanche Alethea Elizabeth Holt 'yar Rev. Eardley Chauncy Holt ce ta East Sheen, Surrey.  A shekara ta 1869, ta auri Montague Hughes Cookson, lauya kuma mai rajin kare muhalli.   A shekara ta 1888, iyalin sun canza sunansu zuwa Crackanthorpe bayan Montague Cookson ya gaji gidan ɗan uwansa, William Crackanthorpe. Za su haifi 'ya'ya uku: marubuci Hubert Montague Crackanthorpe (1870–1896), jami'in diflomasiyya Dayrell Eardley Montague Crackanthorpe (1871–1950), da kuma jami'in soja Oliver Montague Crackanthorpe (1876–1934). 

Crackanthorpe ta rubuta game da adabi da batutuwan mata ga mujallu da dama ciki har da *The Woman's World, The Fortnightly Review*, da kuma *The Contemporary Review .* Muƙalarta mafi shahara, "The Revolt of the Daughters," ta bayyana a cikin *The Nineteenth Century* a watan Janairun 1894, inda ta haifar da muhawara game da Sabuwar Mace da kuma wasu muƙaloli na martani, na ƙwarewa da na rashin dacewa.  Crackanthorpe ta yi kira ga 'yancin mata, haƙƙinta na a ɗauke ta a matsayin "mutum ɗaya", ikon yin tafiya cikin 'yanci da guje wa aure da yara, da kuma ilimin sana'arsu.  Ta buga wani muƙala mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce, "Jima'i a cikin Adabin Zamani," a shekara mai zuwa, inda ta yi kira a madadin aikin marubuta George Moore da Thomas Hardy . 

An buga ɗan gajeren wasanta mai suna Other People's Shoes a cikin kundin waƙoƙin Dialogues for the Day (1895). Ofishin Lord Chamberlain ya haramta wasanta mai suna The Turn of the Wheel (1901), wataƙila saboda ra'ayoyinsa masu ban mamaki game da uwa. Jarumin wasan kwaikwayo Isabel Broadwood yana da ɗa ba tare da aure ba kuma ba shi da sha'awar zama uwa ga yaron. [2] Littafinta mai suna Milly's Story: The New Moon (1895) wani barkwanci ne na The New Moon (1895) na Elizabeth Robins .

A gidansu da ke kan ƙofar Rutland a Knightsbridge, Crackanthorpe ta karɓi baƙuncin marubutan adabi da abokanta, ciki har da Hardy, Henry James, da George Meredith . 

Blanche Alethea Crackanthorpe ta mutu a ranar 4 ga Yuni, 1928. 

## Littattafan tarihi

* *Labarin Milly: Sabuwar Wata.* London, William Heinemann, 1895. 

## Nassoshi
Kula da Butterfly

Kungiyar kare muhalli **ta Butterfly Conservation** wata kungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke fafutukar kare muhalli a fadin Burtaniya kuma mai bayar da agaji da aka sadaukar domin kare malam buɗe ido, kwari, da muhalli. Kungiyar agajin tana amfani da bincikenta don bayar da shawara kan yadda za a kiyaye da kuma dawo da muhallin malam buɗe ido da kwari, kuma tana gudanar da ayyuka don kare nau'ikan Lepidoptera sama da 100 da ke fuskantar barazanar kamuwa da cutar.  Kungiyar kare malam buɗe ido tana kuma da hannu wajen kiyaye ɗaruruwan wurare da wuraren ajiyar malam buɗe ido da kwari a duk faɗin Burtaniya.

Kungiyar Kula da Butterfly Conservation tana da mambobi sama da 37,000 da kuma rassanta 31 da ke jagorantar masu aikin sa kai a duk fadin Burtaniya, da kuma Kungiyar Butterflies ta Turai. Babban ofishin kungiyar yana gabashin Lulworth, Dorset, tare da ƙarin ofisoshi a Scotland, Wales da Arewacin Ireland.

## Tarihi
An kafa ƙungiyar a shekarar 1968 a matsayin **Ƙungiyar Kula da Butterfly ta Burtaniya** ta hanyar ƙaramin rukuni na masu ilimin halitta kuma an yi mata rijista a matsayin ƙungiyar agaji a ranar 7 ga Maris 1968. An kafa ta a matsayin kamfani a ranar 17 ga Disamba 1987, kuma ta canza sunanta zuwa **Ƙungiyar Kula da Butterfly** a watan Disamba 2003. 

Sir David Attenborough ya zama Shugaban ƙungiyar a shekarar 1998. Ta ƙaddamar da binciken malam buɗe ido na shekara-shekara - Big Butterfly Count - a shekarar 2010. Ƙungiyar agajin ta yi bikin cika shekaru 50 da kafuwa a shekarar 2018.

## Ayyuka
Manufar kiyaye malam buɗe ido ita ce kula da kuma inganta yanayin ƙasa ga malam buɗe ido da ƙwari. Ƙungiyar agaji tana ba da shawara ga masu filaye da manajoji kan yadda za su kiyaye da kuma dawo da muhallinsu. Ma'aikatanta da masu sa kai suna aiki don tattara bayanai masu yawa na malam buɗe ido da ƙwari da kuma gudanar da bincike don samar da shaidar kimiyya da ke ƙarfafa aikin ƙungiyar.

Kare Malam Butterfly yana da tarihin da ya tabbatar da koma bayan da aka samu da kuma gudanar da shirye-shirye ga nau'ikan malam butterfly da kwari sama da 100 da ke fuskantar barazanar kamuwa da cutar.

Cibiyar Kula da Butterfly Conservation tana gudanar da manyan tsare-tsaren rikodin malam buɗe ido da asu guda uku a duniya, waɗanda suka tattara fiye da rikodin miliyan 60. Wannan ya haɗa da babban binciken malam buɗe ido a duniya, Big Butterfly Count. Wannan binciken kimiyyar ɗan ƙasa yana ƙarfafa mutane su gano kuma su rubuta malam buɗe ido na yau da kullun da kuma ƙwari biyu masu tashi da rana a cikin makonni uku na lokacin zafi mai zafi.  

Ƙungiyar agajin tana kuma gudanar da shirye-shiryen kwari da dama da ayyukan kiyayewa waɗanda suka mayar da hankali kawai kan kiyaye kwari da mutane za su iya shiga ciki.

Butterfly Conservation tana fitar da bugu uku na mujallar membobinta ta *Butterfly* kowace shekara. Ana rarraba mujallar ga membobi, cibiyoyi, hukumomin kiyayewa da sauran waɗanda ke da sha'awar ko kuma waɗanda ke da hannu a kiyaye malam buɗe ido, ƙwari da namun daji masu alaƙa. An kiyasta cewa littafin yana da masu karatu 60,000.

## Manazarta
Hukumar Kula da dazuzzuka

**Hukumar Kula da Gandun Daji** wata hukuma ce ta bincike ta gwamnati kuma tsohuwar reshe ce ta sashen gwamnati mai zaman kanta, Hukumar Kula da Gandun Daji ta Ingila da Scotland .

Ita ce ke da alhakin gudanarwa da biyan tallafin shirye-shiryen shuka da sake ginawa a duk faɗin Ingila da Scotland, don kula da ayyuka kamar sare bishiyoyi, don binciken gandun daji da kuma ba da shawara ga masu gandun daji masu zaman kansu tare da hukumomin yankin da ƙungiyoyin karkara.

Binciken Hukumar Kula da Gandun Daji ya shafi batutuwa daban-daban, kamar: gudanarwa; sadarwa; ilimin halittu; binciken muhalli; kayayyakin gandun daji; kimantawa; kwangilolin ƙasashen waje; cututtuka; ilimin halittar jiki; samar da tsirrai; noman dazuzzuka; nazarin wurare; ƙididdiga da kwamfuta; inganta bishiyoyi; da kuma namun daji da kiyayewa.

Hukumar Kula da Gandun Daji tana da hedikwata a Great Eastern House, Cambridge, Ingila.

Ya haɗu a cikin Hukumar Kula da Gandun Daji a farkon shekarun 2000.

## Manazarta
Anne Coventry, Countess na Coventry (1673-1763)

**Anne Coventry, Countess ta Coventry** ( *wacce aka haifa a matsayin* **Lady Anne Somerset** ; 22 ga Yuli 1673 - 14 ga Fabrairu 1763), mai suna **Viscountess Deerhurst** daga 1691–99, marubuciya ce kuma mai daraja a Birtaniya.  

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Anne Somerset a shekara ta 1673, 'ya ta uku kuma ƙarama ga Henry Somerset, Marquess na 3 na Worcester da Mary Somerset ( *née* Capell), ƙwararren masanin tsirrai da kuma mai kula da lambu. Mahaifinta ya zama Duke na farko na Beaufort a shekara ta 1682.  Mahaifiyarta 'yar Baron Capell na Hadham ta farko ce kuma bazawara ga Henry Seymour, Lord Beauchamp (1626–1654), ɗan Duke na Somerset . William Seymour, Duke na 3 na Somerset (1652–1675) da Elizabeth Bruce, Countess ta Ailesbury (ta mutu a shekara ta 1697) 'yan uwan Anne ne daga auren mahaifiyarta na farko. 

Tana da shekaru 17, Lady Anne ta auri Thomas Coventry, Earl na 2 na Coventry a shekarar 1691; a wannan shekarar, Godfrey Kneller ne ya zana ta. 

## Rubuce-rubuce da ayyukan agaji

An san Lady Coventry da kyautatawa da kuma sha'awarta ga ilimi ga mata. A shekara ta 1709, ta taimaka wajen kafa Makarantar Agaji ta 'Yan Mata ta Mary Astell a Chelsea, tare da haɗin gwiwar Ƙungiyar Inganta Ilimin Kirista . Ta kasance ƙawar Mary Astell, wata mai ra'ayin mata, wacce ta raba ra'ayoyi da yawa da ita. Yana yiwuwa Lady Coventry ta shiga cikin ayyukan Jacobite tare da Astell da babbar 'yar uwarta Mary Butler, Duchess ta Ormonde, amma ba a taɓa zarge ta a bainar jama'a ba. A cikin wasiyyarta, ta tabbatar da amincinta ga Cocin Ingila. 

A shekarar 1707, an buga littafinta mai suna *The Right Honourable Anne, mai tunani da tunani na Countess of Coventry, na ɗabi'a da na Allah* . An sake buga littafinta a shekarar 1727. Tarihin rayuwar zamani ya nuna cewa mace ce mai ibada kuma mai karatu sosai wadda "mai tattara littattafai masu ƙwazo" ce wadda ta ajiye a ɗakin karatunta. 

Tana kuma cikin waɗanda suka yi rijistar littafin tunawa da mata da dama na Burtaniya na George Ballard na shekarar 1752, waɗanda aka yi wa laƙabi da su saboda rubuce-rubucensu ko ƙwarewarsu a Harsunan da aka Koya, Fasaha da Kimiyya . Baya ga rubuce-rubucen addini, kundin ɗakin karatunta ya nuna sha'awar ayyukan zamani ta hanyar tarin wasannin kwaikwayo, gami da wasu barkwanci masu ban sha'awa. A cewar Emma Major a cikin Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, waɗannan wasannin kwaikwayo masu ban sha'awa sun bayyana "faɗaɗɗen tunani wanda ke nuna shigarta cikin rayuwar zamani. Hakanan wataƙila yana nuna jin daɗin rayuwa wanda ya sa ta yi wa Astell ba'a game da halinta na baƙin ciki."

## Aure da iyali
Lord Coventry ya mutu a watan Agusta na shekarar 1710, inda ya bar ta da manyan basussuka da ta samu damar biya tsawon shekaru kafin mutuwarta.  Suna da ɗa ɗaya, ɗa ɗaya, wanda ya mutu jim kaɗan bayan mahaifinsa: 

* Thomas Coventry, Earl na 3 na Coventry (7 ga Afrilu 1702 - 28 ga Janairu 1712). Ya mutu a Kwalejin Eton, yana da shekaru 9.

Mai ƙanƙanta ba ta sake yin aure ba. Ta mutu a shekara ta 1763 a gidanta na ƙauye da ke Snitterfield, Warwickshire . 

## Nassoshi
Moors don Nan gaba

**Moors for the Future** haɗin gwiwa ne na ƙungiyoyin gwamnati da masu zaman kansu don karewa da haɓaka ƙasar daji a Burtaniya . Babban birnin Edale a cikin Peak District National Park, yawancin ayyukan da Moors for the Future ke gudanarwa suna cikin National Park. Ƙungiyar tana aiki don tallata hamada ga jama'a don amfanin nishaɗi, da kuma tada muhimman batutuwa (kamar tashin hankalin tsuntsaye a cikin ƙasa da gobarar daji) waɗanda ke da alaƙa da amfani da hamada a nishaɗi.  

Akwai ƙungiyar masu bincike waɗanda ke duba kimiyyar sake gina yankunan da ke da tsaunuka da fa'idodinsu. Misali, peat babban rumbunan carbon ne, don haka, idan dazuzzukan suka lalace, za a iya fitar da carbon ɗin cikin yanayi. Suna kuma duba tasirin sauyin yanayi zai yi, da kuma adadin ƙarin carbon da za a iya kullewa ta hanyar dazuzzukan peat masu kyau.

Moors for the Future suma suna aiki tare da masu filaye da sauransu don gyara yankunan da ke cikin dazuzzuka. Akwai ci gaba da ƙoƙari kan Kinder Scout, Bleaklow da Black Hill . Tallafin aikin MoorLife (2010–15) yana nufin za a faɗaɗa wannan zuwa wasu yankuna na Kudancin Pennines .

## Asalin
An ƙaddamar da Moors for the Future a shekara ta 2002 kuma wani aiki ne na haɗin gwiwa. Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa ta Gundumar Peak, Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa ta Ƙasa, Natural England, United Utilities, Severn Trent Water, Yorkshire Water, Hukumar Kula da Muhalli, Majalisar Gundumar Derbyshire da Masu Moorland ne ke ɗaukar nauyinsa.

## Manazarta
Cibiyar Nazarin Muhalli da Juyin Halitta ta Kanada

**Cibiyar Nazarin Halittu da Juyin Halitta ta Kanada** ( **CIEE** ) ƙungiya ce ta Kanada wadda ke ɗaukar nauyin bincike kan tsarin halitta kuma tana sauƙaƙe sadarwa kan fannonin muhalli da juyin halitta na manufofin jama'a. Ƙungiyar jami'o'in Kanada ce ke gudanar da CIEE, ciki har da Jami'ar Carleton, Jami'ar McGill, Jami'ar British Columbia da Jami'ar Toronto .  Bugu da ƙari, CIEE tana samun goyon bayan Ƙungiyar Nazarin Halittu da Juyin Halitta ta Kanada, ƙungiyar da aka koya a ƙasa.  Shirye-shiryen yau da kullun sun haɗa da bincike kan ciyayi masu mamayewa, nau'ikan halittu da yanayin halittu da ke cikin haɗari, da daidaitawa da sauyin yanayi . 

## Tarihi da tsari
An ɗauki matakai na farko na kafa CIEE a shekarar 2007 a taron farko na ƙungiyar Kanada don muhalli da juyin halitta, ƙungiyar da aka koya a ƙasa. A watan Mayu na 2008, bayan wata gasa a duk faɗin ƙasar da ta sami shiga daga wasu manyan jami'o'i a Kanada, Majalisar Gudanarwa ta ƙungiyar ta zaɓi shawarar daga Jami'ar Toronto don ɗaukar nauyin gudanar da CIEE a Koffler Scientific Reserve a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Farfesa Arthur E. Weis. A shekarar 2012 an naɗa Dr. Peter Leavitt Darakta kuma shugaban CIEE ya koma Jami'ar Regina, yayin da shirye-shirye suka ci gaba da yaɗuwa a faɗin ƙasar.    An ajiye CIEE a Cibiyar Canjin Muhalli da Al'umma (IECS) a Jami'ar Reginam

Ya zuwa 2019 CIEE tana cikin Cibiyar Bincike ta Biodiversity a Jami'ar British Columbia a Vancouver .  An nada Diane Srivastava a matsayin darakta a shekarar 2017 . 

A shekarar 2023, ƙungiyar ta ƙaddamar da aikin "Rayuwa Data", tare da abokan hulɗa a faɗin Kanada.  

## Manazarta
KYOTOplus

**KYOTOplus** wani kamfen ne na haɗin gwiwa na wasu ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin jama'a a Kanada don ƙarfafawa da tallafawa 'yan ƙasar Kanada a cikin kiran da aka yi na a samar da manufofi masu ƙarfi kan Sauyin Yanayi .  An ƙirƙiro wannan kamfen ne a matsayin hanyar ilmantar da jama'ar Kanada kan batutuwan da suka shafi sauyin yanayi da ɗumamar yanayi da kuma ƙarfafa 'yan ƙasar Kanada su ɗauki mataki mai ƙarfi a taron sauyin yanayi da aka yi a Copenhagen a watan Disamba na 2009.

An gayyaci 'yan siyasar Kanada su nuna matsaya mai ƙarfi game da ɗumamar yanayi ta hanyar alƙawarin KYOTOplus. Takardar ƙarar KYOTOplus, wacce ke buƙatar rage mafi ƙarancin kashi 25% na hayakin hayaki mai gurbata muhalli a Kanada nan da shekarar 2020 (idan aka kwatanta da shekarar 1990), duk wani ɗan ƙasar Kanada yana da damar sanya hannu.

## Masu tallafawa
Ƙungiyoyin masu kare muradun jama'a da suka haɗu a cikin kamfen ɗin KYOTOplus sun haɗa da:

* Ƙungiyoyin québécoise de lutte contre la pollution atmosphérique (AQLPA)
* Ƙungiyar Makamashi Mai Dorewa ta Burtaniya Columbia
* Climate Action Network / Reseau Action climat Kanada
* Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society (CPAWS) / la Société pour la nature et les parcs du Canada (SNAP)
* Hadin Kan Yawon Matasan Kanadiya / La Coalition canadienne des jeunes pour le climat
* Ƙungiyar Muhalli ta Jama'a
* Gidauniyar David Suzuki
* Abokan Edmonton na Ƙungiyar Muhalli ta Arewa
* Equiterre
* Greenpeace Kanada
* Kairos
* Manitoba Wildlands
* 8Oxfam
* Projet St-Laurent/Jour de la Terre
* QuebecKyoto
* Kimiyya don Zaman Lafiya (Ƙungiyar Aiki kan Yanayi)
* Ƙungiyar Sierra ta Kanada
* Ɗauka ITglobal
* Masu cin ganyayyaki na Alberta

## Manazarta
Ofishin Binciken Muhalli

**Ofishin Kimanta Muhalli** wata hukuma ce ta gwamnatin lardin British Columbia, Kanada . Aikinta shine daidaita kimantawa kan manyan shawarwarin ci gaba a British Columbia. Tana ba da rahoto ga Ministan Muhalli na lardin. 

## Tarihi
An kafa EAO a shekarar 2002 ta hanyar Dokar Kimanta Muhalli, 2002.  Ayyukan EAO suna ƙarƙashin jagorancin Babban Darakta na shari'a. 

An sabunta dokar a shekarar 2018, ta hanyar Dokar Kimanta Muhalli ta 2018. 

## Takaddama
A watan Fabrairun 2020, ya bayyana cewa EAO ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen amincewa da aikin bututun mai na Coastal GasLink, a ranar 23 ga Oktoba 2014. EAO, wacce ta amince da damuwar da Ofishin Sarakunan Gado na Wetʼsuwetʼen ya nuna, ta ba da shawarar cewa ma'aikatar gwamnatin Clark ta farko ta amince da aikin, wanda idan aka yi haka, ta amince da shi. 

## Manazarta
'Yan takarar Green Party na Kanada a zaben tarayya na Kanada na 1997

Jam'iyyar **Green Party of Canada** ta gabatar da 'yan takara saba'in da tara a **zaben tarayya na 1997**, amma babu wanda aka zaba. Ana iya samun bayanai game da wasu daga cikin waɗannan 'yan takarar a wannan shafin.

## Ontario

### Scarborough Southwest : David James Cooper
Cooper ɗan jarida ne a lokacin zaɓen. A cewar jaridar *[[Toronto Star]]*, ya tsaya takarar Jam'iyyar Green Party saboda imanin cewa tallafawa jam'iyyun da suka fi ƙarfi a Kanada zai ƙarfafa "rashin son kai, rashin son kai, rashin daidaito da cin hanci da rashawa". Yaƙin neman zaɓensa ya yi kira da "shirye-shirye masu kyau ga muhalli, dimokuraɗiyya ta gida, ci gaba mai ɗorewa da tsare-tsare na dogon lokaci" (*Toronto Star*, 30 ga Mayu 1997).

## Alberta

### Kudu maso Yammacin Calgary : Sol Candel
**Sol Candel** yana da digirin farko na Fasaha daga Jami'ar Toronto, da kuma digiri na biyu daga Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London .  Ya daɗe yana zaune a Calgary, Alberta, inda yake da shagon Movie Poster, wani kamfani da ke tattarawa da nuna hotunan fina-finai na da.  Ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Green Party tsawon shekaru da yawa, kuma shi ne wakilin kuɗi na jam'iyyar a sashen zaɓe na Calgary Centre-North har zuwa 2009. Shi ne kuma darektan ƙungiyar Kimiyyar Duniya/Gaia Theory Society of Alberta, kuma abokin tarayya ne a Seven Generations Development Inc. 

## Manazarta
'Yan takarar Green Party na Kanada a zaben tarayya na Kanada na 2000

Jam'iyyar **Green Party of Canada** ta tsayar da 'yan takara da dama a **zaben tarayya na 2000**, amma babu wanda aka zaɓa. Ana iya samun bayanai game da waɗannan 'yan takara a wannan shafin.

## Ontario

### Doug Howat ( Eglinton—Lawrence )
Howat ɗalibi ne a Makarantar Sakandare ta Arewa a lokacin zaɓen.  Ya sami ƙuri'u 688 (1.66%), inda ya zo na biyar a kan Joe Volpe, wanda ke kan karagar mulki a Liberal .

### Thomas Gerry ( Sudbury )
Gerry yana da shekaru 52 a lokacin zaɓen, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa a fannin Adabin Kanada a Jami'ar Laurentian .  Ya fi son a rage tsawon mako na aiki, kuma ya yi jayayya cewa ya kamata Kanada ta sauya nauyin harajinta daga ƙananan kasuwanci masu zaman kansu zuwa manyan kamfanoni na ƙasa da na ƙasashen duniya.  Ya sami ƙuri'u 503 (1.45%), inda ya zo na biyar a kan Diane Marleau, mai ci a yanzu.

Gerry ita ce marubucin Littafin *Contemporary Canadian and US Women of Letters : wani littafi mai cikakken bayani* . Ya halarci zanga-zangar taron koli na Amurka a birnin Quebec a watan Afrilun 2001. 

## Manazarta
Ƙungiyar Wilderness ta Alberta

**Ƙungiyar Wilderness ta Alberta** ( **AWA** ) ƙungiya ce ta agaji mai zaman kanta da ke Calgary, Alberta, wacce aka kafa a shekarar 1965 a Lundbreck, Alberta, wacce ta sadaukar da kanta don kare dajin lardin.  Zuwa shekarar 2025, AWA tana da membobi da magoya baya sama da 10,000. 

## Bayani
Lokacin da aka kafa Ƙungiyar Daji ta Alberta, a shekarar 1965 a yankunan karkara na kudu maso yammacin Alberta, ita ce ƙungiyar farko ta kare hamada a lardin da ta keɓe don kiyayewa da kare dajin Alberta. A shekarar 1965, wani ƙaramin rukuni na masu sha'awar ƙasa—ciki har da Floyd da Karen Stromstedt,  Marian da Bill Michalsky, da Steve da Helen Dixon  —sun nuna damuwa a tarurruka da "manoma na gida, malamai da shugabannin al'umma", cewa manufar "amfani da ƙasa da yawa" ta Alberta, tana "lalata, ba ta kiyaye" "wuraren daji na jama'a na Alberta ba".  A Lundbreck, Alberta a shekarar 1965, mutane talatin da huɗu sun kafa Ƙungiyar Daji ta Alberta a hukumance lokacin da aka zaɓi William (Willie) Michalsky, wani "mai kula da kayan gida kuma mai kiwon dabbobi" a matsayin shugaban farko na Ƙungiyar. 

A shekarun 1960, Stromstedt zai fara farautar tumaki a cikin tsaunukan ƙasa. Ya damu da "ƙaruwar mamaye masana'antu" a cikin daji. Bill Michalsky da Steve Dixon sun bayyana damuwarsa.   A cikin wata wasiƙa ta Afrilu 1971, Stromstedt ya bayyana yadda AWA ta jawo hankalin mambobi 900—"wasu waɗanda ke son dawakai, wasu waɗanda ke ƙin dawakai; wasu waɗanda ke farauta, wasu waɗanda ke ƙin mafarauta; wasu waɗanda ke kamun kifi, wasu waɗanda ba sa kamun kifi; wasu waɗanda ke ja da baya, wasu waɗanda suka fi son yin yawo a rana; wasu waɗanda ke zana hotuna, wasu waɗanda ke ɗaukar hoto; wasu kerkeci kaɗai, wasu da yara biyar; wasu shugabannin coci, wasu 'yan mata Jagororin; wasu masu kiwon dabbobi, wasu mazauna birane; kuma akai-akai, ad infinitum." 

AWA tana buga mujallar kwata-kwata, *Wild Lands Advocate* . 

## Masu goyon baya
Zuwa shekarar 2020, AWA tana da magoya baya sama da 7,000, ciki har da Calgary Hitmen Hockey Club, Heritage Park Historical Village, Royal Tyrrell Museum, Telus Spark, Calgary Flames, Calgary Zoo, da kuma Government of Alberta Culture and Tourism. Nan da shekarar 2025, adadin magoya bayan ya karu zuwa sama da 10,000. 

## Shawara da bincike
Hukumar AWA tana sa ido da kuma fafutukar kare nau'ikan halittu masu haɗari a Alberta, gami da nau'ikan halittu masu rai a cikin ruwa waɗanda aka lissafa a ƙarƙashin Dokar Nau'in Halittu Masu Hadari ta Gwamnatin Tarayya (SARA), kamar su kifin bull da ke fuskantar barazana - wanda ya shahara a kamun kifi a wasanni a Alberta da kuma kifin Athabasca na Alberta, wanda ke cikin jerin nau'ikan halittu masu rai a cikin ruwa da SARA ta tsara. 

## Matsayin Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Sadaka
A shekarar 2020, an saka AWA a cikin jerin ƙungiyoyin agaji na Charity Intelligence Canada na manyan ƙungiyoyin agaji 100 da aka ƙima a Kanada na shekarar 2020 tare da ƙimar A.  Sun ci gaba da wannan ƙimar kuma a shekarar 2024, AWA har yanzu tana cikin ƙungiyoyin agaji na Top 100 da aka ƙima a ƙimar. 

## Manazarta
Robert Spence Hynde

**Robert Spence Hynde** (1868-1931) ya kasance mai shuka na Scotland a Nyasaland . Da farko mishan ne na Ikilisiyar Scotland, ya bar aikin mishan kuma daga baya ya gudanar da gonakin kofi da taba. Ya kasance mai mallakar jarida, kuma mutum ne mai tasiri a tsakanin masu mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya.

## Rayuwa

Shi dan Thomas Hynde ne na Edinburgh, mai sayar da tufafi na 6 Calton Street a 1867, sannan kuma a kasuwanci a 13 Union Place, tare da gidan Annfield House a Hope Park Square. Mahaifiyarsa ita ce Margaret Seymour Elliott McKenzie, wacce ta mutu a 1872 a adireshin Union Place . Ita ce kawai 'yar Alexander M'Kenzie, wani bangare na Braco Castle a Perthshire, wanda ke tsakanin Muthill da Dunblane.

Hynde ya tafi a matsayin mai wa'azi a ƙasashen waje da malami zuwa Domasi a 1888; matarsa tana tare da shi a can a 1892.  A cikin kaka na 1891, yana dawowa daga aikinsa na manufa zuwa Edinburgh da kuma lacca, adireshinsa shine 8 Dryden Place .  Mahaifinsa dattijo ne na New Greyfriars Church (watau Sabuwar ikilisiya a Greyfriars Kirk), wanda a cikin 1892 ya tattara kuɗi don albashinsa a Afirka.

A cikin 1891 Hynde ya buga a cikin Scottish Geographical Magazine wani labarin "Daga cikin Machinga Yao", wanda ya haɗa da bayanin ƙauyukan Mutanen Yao a yankin Domasi;  Domasi ita ce cibiyar yankin Malemia, wani shugaban Yao wanda ya ci mutanen Mang'anja a ƙarshen shekarun 1860.  Hynde ya rubuta Farko (1892) da Na biyu Yao-Ingilishi Primer (SPCK, 1894).  

Kamar yadda lamarin ya kasance a baya tare da John Buchanan, Hynde ya kasance mai wa'azi a ƙasashen waje wanda ya yi aiki a lokacin kwangilarsa, sannan ya zama mai zama. Hynde bai yarda da David Clement Scott ba, shugaban daga 1881 na aikin Blantyre kuma mai ba da shawara game da tsarkakewa na 'yan Afirka. Daga farkon shekarun 1890 zuwa gaba, Hynde ya sami goyon baya daga wasu masu shuka na Scotland, kuma ya yi yaudara a cikin Ikilisiyar Scotland game da Scott tare da taimakon James Rankin DD, ministan Muthill.

## Mai zama
Tarihin John McCracken na Malawi ya kira Hynde "mai basira da gwagwarmaya Scot". A wani wuri ya rubuta game da Hynde a matsayin "mai gwagwarmaya, marar sauka".

A cikin 1893 Hynde da Robert Ross Stark sun shiga kasuwanci a matsayin masu shuka taba a Songani, a cikin gundumar Zomba;  Stark ya auri 'yar'uwar Hynde Margaret, kuma ya shiga Hynde a Nyasaland a cikin 1892.  A wannan shekarar, Hynde ya yi tafiya zuwa Mozambique, don ya dauki ma'aikata don gidan Songani daga Mutanen Lomwe. Sun yi gwaji tare da *[[Nicotiana rustica]]*, wanda aka sani da sunansa na gida kamar *Lab*, kuma sun lura da al'adun bushewa da warkarwa. Amma sun juya zuwa kwayar taba ta Amurka, wanda aka shigo da shi daga Virginia, don gamsar da dandano na Turai. A shekara ta 1901 Hynde ya koma dabarun warkarwa na Afirka.

## manazarta
Peter Mowforth

**Peter Mowforth** (an haife shi 27 ga Oktoba 1953) ɗan kasuwa ne na Burtaniya, ƙwararren masani na ecommerce kuma Babban Darakta na INDEZ Ltd,  wata hukumar ecommerce da ke zaune a Scotland. Tsohon masanin kimiyya na Machine Learning, Robotics da Artificial Intelligence wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Turing. Ya kafa kuma ya gudanar da wasannin Olympics na Robot na farko.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Peter Mowforth a Sheffield, Ingila a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1953. Ya yi karatun neurophysiology da kimiyyar lissafi a London. Tare da tallafin Royal Society ya koma Jami'ar Cambridge don bincika hanyoyin fahimta na farko tare da Horace Barlow .  Mowforth ya sami PhD daga Jami'ar Sheffield a kan ka'idar da psychophysics na hangen nesa.

## Ayyuka
Ya shiga Jami'ar Edinburgh ta Sashen Injin Injin & Perception a 1982 don nazarin aikace-aikacen ilmantarwa na inji ga hangen nesa na robot. 

Bayan sabon kudade daga Amurka don mayar da martani ga aikin Japan na Zamani na Biyar,  Mowforth tare da Farfesa Donald Michie da Tim Niblett, Mowforeth sun kafa Cibiyar Turing  mai suna don tunawa da Alan Turing wanda ya yi aiki tare da Michie a Bletchley Park. Cibiyar ta ƙaura daga Edinburgh zuwa Glasgow. Ya kafa haɗin gwiwa tare da Jami'ar Strathclyde inda Mowforth ya gudanar da lacca na girmamawa.

A cikin 1990, Mowforth ya kafa gasar Olympics ta farko.  Taron ya gudana daga 27 zuwa 28 ga Satumba, ya haɗa da ƙungiyoyi daga ƙasashe 12 daban-daban a cikin gasa daban-daban, yana da baƙi sama da 2,500 kuma yana cikin fasalulluka a cikin Littafin Guinness.

Ya kasance Darakta na Ƙungiyar Injin Vision ta Burtaniya (1991-1993)  inda ya shirya kuma ya gudanar da Taron Injin Vision na Burtaniya a 1991. 

Bayan rushewar Cibiyar Turing, Mowforth ya kafa INDEZ, a cikin 1995.

Mowforth yana ba da shawara ga Gwamnatin Scotland kan al'amuran da suka shafi kasuwancin e-commerce da kasuwanci.

## Bincike
Binciken Ph.D. na Mowforth ya ɗauki tsarin Multi-Scale Signal Matching (MSSM) don daidaita nau'ikan hotunan sitiriyo ta amfani da Pyramid na Gaussian .  An gwada wannan hanyar ta amfani da psychophysics don auna martani na ido na mutum.

Dandalin software na MSSM don daidaita hotuna ya samo asali ne a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa inda aka yi amfani da shi don aikace-aikacen kasuwanci iri-iri ciki har da sake fasalin sitiriyo na 3D,  GIS,  shirin tiyata don sake fasalin Maxillo-Facial,  adana hakora,  Data Fusion,  lakabin hoton MRI [4] da kewayawa don robotics na hannu.

A shekara ta 1983, Mowforth ya kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar ilmantarwa ta inji wacce ta yi aiki a kan aikin saukowar NASA Space Shuttle. Tsarin ya yi amfani da tsarin tsarin ID3 Machine Learning ta amfani da misalai na horo da aka kirkira ta amfani da samfurin lambobi na jirgin sama.

A Cibiyar Turing Mowforth ta shiga cikin jerin ayyukan robotics masu ci gaba  ciki har da kewayawar robot, jin robot da amfani da robots don koyon ilimin lissafi na sarrafa abubuwa ta hanyar wasa na bazuwar. 

## manazarta
Kwalejin Tarihin Kirista (Australia)

**Kwalejin Heritage ta Kirista** ( **CHC** ) wata cibiyar koyar da manyan makarantu ce ta Kirista da ke yankin Brisbane da ke Carindale a Ostiraliya. Majalisar Kwalejin Heritage ta Kirista ce ke kula da ita, wadda Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa na Ƙasa na Cibiyar Coci-coci ta Duniya (INC), wato kamfanin da ke kula da kwalejin, ya naɗa ta.

An kafa kwalejin a shekarar 1986 ta Cibiyar Tallafawa Kirista ta Ostiraliya, wacce ke kasuwanci a matsayin INC, a matsayin kwalejin malamai ta Kirista. A shekarar 2004 gwamnatin Commonwealth ta amince da ita a matsayin mai ba da ilimi mai zurfi a ƙarƙashin *Dokar Tallafawa Ilimi Mai Girma ta 2003.*

CHC tana bayar da darussa sama da 25 a difloma, digiri na farko, da kuma digiri na biyu . Dalibai kuma za su iya karatu a waje, ta hanyar nesa. CHC tana ba da darussa a fannoni biyar na karatu - kasuwanci, ilimi, fasaha mai sassaucin ra'ayi, ma'aikatar ilimi da kimiyyar zamantakewa. Hukumar Inganci da Ma'auni ta Ilimi ta Jami'a, wacce ke kula da sashen ilimi na manyan makarantu na Ostiraliya, ta amince da kwalejin da darussanta.

"Citipointe Campus" ya haɗa da:

* kwalejin
* Cocin Citipointe (wanda a da Cibiyar Yaɗa Labarai ta Kirista)
* makarantar firamare da sakandare ( Citipointe Christian College )
* Citipointe Christian College International (Cibiyar ELICOS)
* Kwalejin Littafi Mai Tsarki (Citipointe Ministry College)
* cibiyar kula da yara (Citipointe Child Care)

## Manazarta
Makarantar Sakandare ta Jihar Bracken Ridge

**Makarantar Sakandare ta Jihar Bracken Ridge** ( **BRHSS** ) makarantar sakandare ce ta gwamnati da ke cikin yankin Brisbane na Bracken Ridge ( Queensland, Ostiraliya ),  tana hidimar unguwannin Brighton, Bracken Ridge, Nashville, Sandgate, Shorncliffe, da Bald Hills. Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Queensland ce ke gudanar da ita. Makarantar tana cikin gundumar Bracken Ridge ta Majalisar Birnin Brisbane. 

## Tarihi
An buɗe makarantar a ranar 23 ga Janairu 1967, a ƙarƙashin sunan Makarantar Sakandare ta Jihar Nashville, wadda ta koma sunanta na yanzu a ranar 25 ga Satumba 2000.[1] [2]

A shekarar 2018, makarantar ta gina ajin farko na "ba tare da wutar lantarki ba" a Ostiraliya, ajin da ke amfani da makamashin da ake sabuntawa a kowane lokaci.  Hivve Technologies Pty Ltd ne ke gudanar da aikin  kuma ta sami tallafin gwamnatin Ostiraliya na sama da dala 370,000 ta hannun Hukumar Makamashi Mai Sabuntawa ta Ostiraliya.

Makarantar ta yi bikin cika shekaru 50 da kafuwa a ranakun 1-2 ga Satumba 2017. 

## Alƙaluman ma'aikata

### Ma'aikata
A shekarar 2024, makarantar tana da malamai 63 (daidai da 59.1 na cikakken lokaci) da kuma ma'aikata 29 waɗanda ba sa koyarwa (daidai da 21.7 na cikakken lokaci).

### Shugabannin makarantu
Shugaban makarantar farko shine Noel Rollings,  kuma, tun daga shekarar 2025, shugaban makarantar na yanzu shine Michelle Lyons.  Shugabannin makarantar da suka gabata sun haɗa da:

## Manazarta
Makarantar Mary McConnel

**Makarantar Mary McConnel** ( **MMS** ) wani shiri ne na haɗin gwiwa na Cocin Anglican na Ostiraliya da kuma Cocin Uniting da ke Ostiraliya. Kamfanin EDUCANG Limited ne ke gudanar da shi, tare da Kwalejin Forest Lake, Cibiyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta FLC, Kwalejin Lakes da Kwalejin Springfield.

Makarantar Mary McConnel tana ba da wani shiri na ilimi na daban ga ɗaliban da, saboda buƙatar koyo mai yawa, ke fuskantar matsaloli wajen samun damar shirye-shiryen ilimi na yau da kullun.

An sanya wa makarantar suna ne don girmama Mary McConnel wacce ta kafa asibitin yara na Royal a Brisbane a shekarar 1878.

Shugabar Makarantar Mary McConnel tana zaune ne a Kwalejin College Avenue ta Kwalejin Forest Lake kuma tana kula da ayyukan Mary McConnel a Kwalejin Alpine Place ta Kwalejin Forest Lake da kuma Kwalejin Springfield.

## Tarihi
An kafa Makarantar Mary McConnel a shekara ta 2003.

## Manhaja ta Manhaja
Makarantar tana ba da: shirye-shiryen shiga tsakani da wuri; maganin ilimi da tallafin motsin rai ga yaran da suka isa makaranta; da kuma taimakon komawa aiki, ta hanyar shirin makarantar bayan dole.

Ɗaliban da ke shirin zuwa aji tara suna mai da hankali kan karatu da rubutu da lissafi don shirye-shiryensu na ɗaiɗaikun mutane, yayin da shirye-shiryen ɗaliban Makaranta na gaba (Shekaru Goma zuwa Goma sha Biyu) ke mai da hankali kan ilimin sana'a.

A ƙarshen Aji na 12, ɗalibai za su iya gudanar da shirin gyaran hali na tsawon watanni 12, don samar musu da ƙwarewar rayuwa da ake buƙata don rayuwa cikin 'yanci a cikin al'umma.

## Wasanni

### Wasannin Makarantu Masu Alaƙa
Shirin wasanni na Makarantar Mary McConnel ya ta'allaka ne kan membobin Kwalejin mai masaukin baki na The Associated Schools (TAS) ga ɗalibai a Shekaru 8-12, da kuma Gasar Ƙaramin TAS (JTAS) ga ɗalibai a Shekaru 4-7.

Baya ga manyan wasannin ninkaya, tsalle-tsalle da tsalle-tsalle, duk wasannin TAS ana yin su ne a ranakun Asabar a cikin watanni uku na uku. Kowace watanni uku na uku yana da kimanin makonni tara.

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Shafin yanar gizo na Makarantar Mary McConnel
Fa'idodin gidan wanka

**Gata ga bandaki** yana nufin ƙa'idodi ko yuwuwar amfani da bayan gida . Mafi yawanci, ana amfani da kalmar a cikin waɗannan saitunan:

* A makarantu, ana nufin izinin ɗalibai su fita daga aji yayin da ake darussa. Sau da yawa wannan yana da alaƙa da wasu ƙa'idodi, kamar amfani da izinin shiga zauren.
* A matsayin takardar likita, yana nufin izinin majiyyaci ya yi amfani da kayan aikin. Wannan na iya faruwa ne saboda wata cuta da ke buƙatar hutawa a gado (misali ciki mai haɗari),  ko kuma guje wa wasu yanayin bayan gida (misali zaune ko tsugunnawa)  Wani misali kuma shine "BRP don motsa hanji kawai". A gefe guda kuma, idan majiyyaci yana da cutar da ke yaɗuwa, likitan na iya son iyakance damar yaɗuwar ta ta hanyar hana su amfani da bayan gida na gama gari a sashen.
* A wasu wuraren aiki, yana nufin ƙa'idodi na yau da kullun, misali lamba da tsawon lokacin amfani da bandaki. 

## Nassoshi
Rarrabawar makaranta

Rarraba makarantu shine rarraba makarantun sakandare ta hanyar hukumomin da aka amince da su a hukumance don gasar wasanni . A faɗin Arewacin Amurka, azuzuwan galibi suna dogara ne akan matakan rajista na makarantun, tare da lig da yawa suna amfani da rarrabuwa mai suna A, AA, AAA, da sauransu.

## Azuzuwan
Hukumomin da aka amince da su a hukumance ne ke gudanar da rarraba makarantun sakandare don ƙoƙarin samar da daidaito a cikin rukunin masu hazaka don gasar wasanni . A faɗin Arewacin Amurka, azuzuwan galibi suna dogara ne akan matakan yin rajista na makarantun, tare da lig da yawa suna amfani da rarrabuwa mai suna *A*, *AA*, *AAA*, da sauransu, tare da adadin *A* s wanda ke nuna makarantun da suka yi rajista mafi girma,        amma ana amfani da wasu tsare-tsare.  Ana iya sanya makarantu a cikin azuzuwa daban-daban don wasanni daban-daban (misali, *A* don ƙwallon ƙafa da *AA* don ƙwallon baseball).     

## Duba kuma

* National Federation of State High School Associations § Member associations
* Ontario Federation of School Athletic Associations
* PIAA class

## Nassoshi
Kwalejin Musulunci ta Brisbane

The **Islamic College of Brisbane** (ICB) is an 

independent, Islamic, co-educational, P-12, school, located in the Brisbane suburb of Karawatha, in Queensland, Australia. It is administered by Independent Schools Queensland, with an enrolment of 1,595 students and a teaching staff of 109, as of 2023. The school serves students from Prep to Year 12, and was the first Muslim school to be opened in Queensland.

## Tarihi
An kafa makarantar a ranar 5 ga Janairu 1995,  kuma an buɗe ta a ranar 30 ga Janairu da mafi ƙarancin kuɗin makaranta fiye da kowace makaranta mai zaman kanta a Queensland a lokacin.  Mohammed Ally shine shugaban makarantar da ya kafa.

A shekarar 2015 an kori shugaban makarantar Dr. Mubarak Noor: ana zargin an sallame shi bayan shi da hukumar makarantar sun "yi jayayya kan cire dala $288,420 daga asusun bankin makarantar" daga kungiyar majalisun addinin musulunci ta Australiya saboda majalisar ba ta nemi amincewar hukumar makarantar ko shugabanta ba kafin ta ba da izinin cinikin. Ko da an sallami shugaban makarantar, "an janye cirewar makonni shida bayan haka, bayan kin amincewar Noor." 

In 2017, a pig's head was dumped right outside the school with a label of a swastika, and the then acting chair of the school, blamed right-winged politics for stirring up hatred toward the Islamic community.

Bayan da Gwamnatin Queensland ta sanar da Dokar Yaƙi da Wariya ta 2024, makarantar ta nuna rashin amincewa, saboda gaskiyar cewa dokar za ta iya "danne 'yancin addini da kuma kunna wutar "yaƙe-yaƙen al'adu" a cikin makarantun addini." 

## Takaddama
A shekarar 2015, wata takaddama da ta daɗe tana faruwa tsakanin Kwalejin da Ƙungiyar Majalisar Musulunci ta Australiya, wadda ke da mallakar ƙasar, ta haifar da korar membobin hukumar makarantar da shugaban makarantar ko kuma yin murabus. An nemi kwalejin ta nuna cewa "ta cika sharuddan rajista da amincewa". 

A watan Mayun 2015, an ruwaito cewa 'Yan sandan Queensland suna binciken wani ikirari da wani tsohon shugaban makarantar ya yi [undefined] cewa an cire kuɗi daga asusun makarantar kuma an yi ƙarya game da lamunin makaranta, wanda wataƙila ya shafi har zuwa dala miliyan 1. An tuhumi wani babban jami'in AFIC.[1]

A watan Fabrairun 2016, an ruwaito cewa wani bincike da gwamnatin tarayya ta gudanar ya gano cewa an mika miliyoyin daloli daga makaranta zuwa ga Tarayyar Majalisar Musulunci ta Australiya ba daidai ba. 

Daga ƙarshe waɗannan takaddamar sun kai ga Gwamnatin Ostiraliya ta sanar da makarantar game da karya Dokar Ilimi; idan makarantar ba ta bi "ka'idodin kula da kuɗi da shugabanci" ba, za su daina bayar da tallafi. 

## Manazarta
Makarantar 'yan mata ta Brisbane

**Makarantar Grammar 'Yan Mata ta Brisbane makaranta** ce ta sakandare mai zaman kanta wacce ba ta addini ba ga 'yan mata, wacce ke Spring Hill, wani yanki na ciki na Brisbane, Queensland, Ostiraliya. An kafa makarantar a shekarar 1875, kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin makarantun nahawu takwas a Queensland waɗanda aka kafa a ƙarƙashin *Dokar Makarantun Grammar* ta 1860. Da farko an buɗe makarantar a matsayin reshe na Makarantar Grammar Brisbane tare da ɗalibai hamsin a ƙarƙashin jagorancin wata shugaba, Janet O'Connor. 

Makarantar Grammar 'Yan Mata ta Brisbane tana da alaƙa da Ƙungiyar Shugabannin Makarantun 'Yancin Kai na Ostiraliya (AHISA),  Ƙungiyar Makarantun 'Yan Mata ta Duniya, kuma memba ce ta Ƙungiyar Wasannin Makarantun Sakandare na 'Yan Mata ta Queensland (QGSSSA).

Makarantar Grammar 'Yan Mata ta Brisbane tana da kimanin ɗalibai 1,550 da suka yi rajista a Aji 7 zuwa 12. Makarantar 'yan uwanta ita ce Makarantar Grammar Brisbane. Makarantar za ta buɗe Makarantar Junior a shekarar 2026, inda za ta ɗauki ɗalibai a Aji 5 da 6.

## Tarihi
An kafa Makarantar Grammar 'Yan Mata ta Brisbane a watan Maris na shekarar 1875, shekaru shida kafin a shigar da mata jami'o'i a Sydney da Melbourne. An buɗe makarantar a matsayin reshe na Makarantar Grammar ta Brisbane tare da ɗalibai mata hamsin a ƙarƙashin jagorancin wata shugabar makaranta, Janet O'Connor, a cikin harabar da ke kan titin George, Brisbane. Cikin watanni shida makarantar ta wuce waɗannan harabar kuma daga baya ta koma wani wuri a Wickham Terrace.

Zuwa watan Yulin 1882, makarantar ta kafu sosai kuma an yanke shawarar rabuwa da Makarantar Grammar Brisbane, don ta yi aiki da kanta a ƙarƙashin *Dokar Makarantun Grammar*. An kuma yi shirye-shiryen mayar da makarantar zuwa wurin da take a yanzu a Gregory Terrace, Spring Hill. A shekarar 1884, an buɗe Babban Ginin, wanda mai zane Richard Gailey ya tsara, ga ɗalibai ɗari. 

Taken makarantar shine *Nil Sine Labore*, Latin yana nufin "Babu Abin da Ba Tare da Aiki Ba". An ɗauko shi daga Makarantar Grammar Brisbane, wanda kuma ya aro shi daga Littafin Satire na Biyu na Horace. Alamar makaranta littafi ne a buɗe a kan garkuwa tare da taken makarantar a ƙarƙashin ribbon. An kuma aro littafin a buɗe daga Jami'ar Oxford, inda sama da rabin ma'aikatan Makarantar Grammar Brisbane aka fara ba su kariya. &#x5B; ** &#x5D; Launin Makarantar shuɗi ne na sarauta, wanda aka ɗauko daga launukan Makarantar Grammar Brisbane, waɗanda aka samo asali ne a matsayin sulhu tsakanin launin Oxford na shuɗi mai haske da launin shuɗi mai duhu na Cambridge.

## Manazarta