Bisa Butler

**Bisa Butler** (an haife ta a **Mailissa Yamba Butler** a shekarar 1973) ƙwararriyar mai zane ce ta Afirka ta Amurka   wacce aka yaba mata da ƙirƙirar sabon nau'in zanen bargo, ta amfani da hotuna, zane-zane, da kayan gargajiya masu haske don ƙirƙirar hotuna masu ban sha'awa a cikin yadi.    An san ta da bikin rayuwar baƙar fata da asalinta, tana nuna mutanen yau da kullun da kuma fitattun mutane na tarihi.  Kodayake an daɗe ana ɗaukar zanen bargo a matsayin sana'a, amfani da Butler na hanyoyin da suka shafi fannoni daban-daban don ƙirƙirar bargo masu kyau waɗanda suka yi kama da zane-zane yana kawo yabo ga aikinta da kuma hanyar yin zanen bargo gaba ɗaya, a matsayin kyakkyawan tsari.

An nuna ayyukan Butler sosai kuma suna cikin tarin gidajen tarihi na dindindin, ciki har da Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa na Tarihin Baƙar fata da Al'adun Baƙar fata na Amurka,  Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Amurka na Smithsonian,    Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago,  Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Fine, Boston,  da Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Pérez Miami   . A shekarar 2020, an ba ta aikin rufe hotunan bargo don mujallar ''Time'', gami da fitowar "Mutumin Shekara" da fitowar "Mata 100 na Shekara".    

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Bisa Butler, wacce aka haifa a Mailissa Yamba Butler, an haife ta a Orange, New Jersey, ta girma a South Orange,  kuma ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Columbia a 1991.   Mahaifiyarta malamar Faransanci ce daga New Orleans kuma mahaifinta, shugaban kwaleji,  an haife shi a Ghana . Ita ce ƙaramar yarinya a cikin danginta, Butler tana da 'yan'uwa uku.  Lokacin da aka haifi Butler, babbar 'yar uwarta ba ta iya kiran sunanta ba kuma ta gajarta shi zuwa Bisa. 

Butler ta yi karatun digiri a fannin zane-zane kuma ta kammala karatun digiri na cum laude daga Jami'ar Howard,  inda ta yi karatun aikin Romare Bearden,  ta halarci laccoci daga fitattun masu fasaha baƙar fata kamar Lois Mailou Jones, kuma ta yi karatu a ƙarƙashin malamai kamar Elizabeth Catlett,  Jeff Donaldson, da Ernie Barnes .  Digirinta na farko a fannin zane-zane ne, amma ta bayyana cewa ba ta taɓa haɗuwa da fasahar ba.  Ta fara aiki da masaka, tana yin zane-zane a kan zane. 

Butler ta ci gaba da kammala digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin fasaha daga Jami'ar Jihar Montclair a shekarar 2005.  A can, ta yi darasin Zane-zane na Fiber wanda ya zaburar da zaɓinta na dinki a matsayin hanyar fasaha. Kullum tana kallon mahaifiyarta da kakarta suna dinki. Ta yi wa kakarta bargo a kan gadon mutuwarta, tana kwaikwayon hoton auren kakarta a cikin sigar bargo. Lokacin da ta gabatar da aikin, mai taken "Francis da Violette",   ita da farfesa sun gane shi a matsayin sabon nau'in dinki gaba ɗaya. 

Butler ta bayyana yadda take gudanar da zane-zane a wata hira da ta yi da mujallar *[[Art & Object]]* a shekarar 2023:

Erica Warren ta Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago ta yi tsokaci cewa:

Baya ga kasancewarta mai fasaha, Butler ta koyar da fasaha a Makarantun Jama'a na Newark tsawon sama da shekaru goma.  Tana zaune kuma tana aiki a Brooklyn, New York.  

## Fasaha

Ta hanyar bargunanta, Butler tana da niyyar "bayar da labaran da wataƙila an manta da su a tsawon lokaci."  Butler sau da yawa tana amfani da kyallen kente da kuma yadin da aka buga da kakin zuma na Afirka a cikin bargunanta, don haka mutanenta suna "ƙawata da kuma yin zane na kakanninmu." 

Barguna na Butler sun haɗa da yadin Afirka kuma sun faɗaɗa al'adar barguna ta Afirka ta Amurka mai wadata. An kuma yi mata wahayi daga ayyukan yadi na alama na Faith Ringgold . Ta bayyana a cikin bayaninta na mai zane:

Butler yawanci yana aiki da launuka masu haske maimakon launukan wakilci don nuna launin fata.  Launi yana aiki don isar da motsin zuciyar mutanen da ke cikin bargunanta maimakon launin fatarsu na ainihi.  Amfani da launukan Kool-Aid na ƙungiyar fasahar Black Power kuma yana aiki don kama "ruhi da kuzari" na mutumin da Butler ke nunawa.  Yayin da yake Howard, membobin AfriCOBRA ne suka jagorance Butler. Kyawawan kyawun ƙungiyar masu fasaha da nufin ƙirƙirar wakilci mai kyau na Baƙar fata ana iya samun su a cikin aikin Butler. 

Bargunanta galibi suna ɗauke da hotunan shahararrun mutane a tarihin Baƙar fata, kamar Paul Laurence Dunbar,  Jackie Robinson,  da Frederick Douglass,  . Butler tana amfani da nau'ikan yadi iri-iri, waɗanda take zaɓa a hankali don nuna rayuwar mai zane, wani lokacin tana amfani da tufafin da mai zane ya sa. Misali, hotonta na Nina Simone an yi shi ne da auduga, siliki, velvet, da raga, yayin da hotonta na Jean-Michel Basquiat an yi shi ne da fata, auduga, da kuma kayan ado na gargajiya. 

Tare da hotunan fitattun mutane, Butler ta kuma ƙirƙiri wasu abubuwa da ke nuna batutuwa na yau da kullun, waɗanda ba a san su ba, waɗanda ta dogara da hotunan da aka samo. Ta bayyana sha'awarta ga labaran da ba a san su ba na waɗanda ba ta san su ba: "Ina jin waɗannan mutanen; Na san waɗannan labaran domin na girma tare da su tsawon rayuwata."  Tana ƙoƙarin "kawo hotunan mutanen da ba a san su ba da yawa a gaba" don "mutane za su ga waɗannan mutanen talakawa a matsayin waɗanda suka cancanci a haskaka su ma."  An yi ayyukanta a cikin ma'aunin rayuwa don "gayyatar mai kallo don shiga tattaunawa -- yawancin mutane suna kallon masu kallo kai tsaye a idanunsu." 

Aikinta, *Harlem Hellfighters*, an same shi ne daga gidan adana kayan tarihi na Smithsonian American Art Museum a matsayin wani ɓangare na yakin cika shekaru 50 na Renwick Gallery .  Wannan aikin shine mafi girman bargon Butler zuwa yanzu, yana da girman kusan ƙafa 11 x 13, kuma yana ɗauke da adadi tara masu girman rai.  Hoton da Butler ya yi amfani da shi don wannan aikin hoto ne na baƙi da fari na Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa ta 369, wacce aka yi wa lakabi da Harlem Hellfighters, daga Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya . Butler ya ce, "Aikina shine in ci gaba da ɗaga su a tarihi don a iya ganin su a wuraren jama'a, inda sadaukarwarsu ta jarumtaka ta zama wani ɓangare na ƙoƙarin Amurka na yaƙi da zalunci da kuma neman 'yanci." 

A shekarar 2021, Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Pérez, Miami, ta sami aikinta *, Black is King,* a matsayin wani ɓangare na sabon shirin siyan kayayyaki na cibiyar.  

Butler ya yi aiki a kan kwamiti don ƙirƙirar murfin mujallu da dama, ciki har da murfin Juxtapoz na kaka na 2020, murfin mujallar Time Magazine na Maris 2020 don girmama Wangari Maathai, hoton mujallar *[[Time (magazine)|Time]]* ta 2020 "Mutumin Shekara" na Porche Bennett-Bey da bugun mujallar *Essence* na Mayu/Yuni 2021.   Tarihin Tarana Burke ya nuna hoton murfin da Butler ya yi.  Bugu da ƙari, Oprah Winfrey Network (OWN) ta haɗa da aikin Butler a cikin "Nunin Mai Zane na Juneteenth." 

## Nunin Nunin
A matsayin wani ɓangare na Tarin Fasaha da Tarihi na 'Yan Afirka na Kinsey, an nuna ayyukan Butler a Gidan Tarihi na Smithsonian na Tarihin Amurka, Cibiyar Epcot, Cibiyar 'Yancin Jirgin Ƙasa ta Ƙasa, da sauran wurare na ƙasa da na duniya.

A shekarar 2018, Butler ta yi baje kolin a EXPO Chicago kuma an yaba mata a *Newcity*  da kuma *Chicago Reader* .  A watan Fabrairun 2019, an haɗa ayyukanta tare da na Romare Bearden a cikin *The Art of Jazz*, wani baje kolin watan tarihin baƙar fata a Morristown, New Jersey .  An nuna barguna na Butler a cikin littattafan fasaha kamar *Journey of Hope: Quilts Inspired by President Barack Obama* (2010)  da *Collaborations: Two Decades of African American Art : Hearne Fine Art 1988-2008* (2008),  . A shekarar 2019, ta kasance ta ƙarshe a gasar Burke Prize ta Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha da Zane . 

Nunin farko na gidan tarihi na Butler wanda shi kaɗai ya shirya shi *Bisa Butler: Hotunan hoto* an shirya shi ne tare tsakanin Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago da Gidan Tarihi na Katonah .  An shirya fara buɗe shi a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Katonah daga 15 ga Maris zuwa 14 ga Yuni, 2020; duk da haka, bayan rufewa na ɗan lokaci saboda annobar COVID-19, an tsawaita baje kolin zuwa 4 ga Oktoba, 2020.   

Daga ranar 13 ga Mayu, 2022 zuwa 2 ga Afrilu, 2023, an nuna bargon Butler mai suna *Harlem Hellfighters*  a cikin baje kolin Renwick Gallery mai suna This Present Moment: Crafting a Better World wanda ya nuna yanayin fasahar Amurka a yau. 

Daga ranar 17 ga Nuwamba, 2022 zuwa 12 ga Maris, 2023, Cibiyar Al'adu ta Skirball ta gabatar da Fabric of a Nation: American Quilt Stories, wani baje koli tare da ayyukan masu fasaha sama da arba'in, ciki har da Bisa Butler. 

Daga ranar 6 ga Mayu, 2023 zuwa 30 ga Yuni, 2023, Jeffrey Deitch Gallery ta gabatar da baje kolin barguna na Butler: Duniya Ta Ku Ce. 

## Tarin jama'a
 

## Duba kuma
 

## Manazarta

* Shafin yanar gizo na hukuma 
* Bisa Butler a shafin Instagram
* Mujallar mujallar ''Fiber Art Now'', bazara ta 2019
*   
*