V.C.R.A.C. Crabbe

**Vincent Cyril Richard Arthur Charles (V.C.R.A.C.) Crabbe** JSC, FGA (29 ga Oktoba 1923 - 7 Satumba 2018) masanin shari'a ne na ƙasar Ghana. Ya yi aiki a matsayin alkali na Kotun Koli na Ghana a lokacin Jamhuriyyar Ghana ta biyu da ta uku. Kafin ya zama alkali, ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Daftarin a Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Ghana kuma ya samar da dokokin da Majalisar Dokokin Ghana ta farko za ta zartar. Ya kafa kuma ya shugabanci hukumar zabe, wacce ita ce ta farko, da za ta gudanar da zaben Ghana na 1969. Ya kasance jigo a cikin tsarawa da sake duba kundin tsarin mulki da yawa a Ghana da Commonwealth.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi V.C.R.A.C. Crabbe a ranar 29 ga Oktoba 1923 a garin Ussher da ke Accra, Gold Coast ga Richard Arthur Crabbe, Babban Magatakardar Kotuna (mafi girman ma’aikatan Sabis na Shari’ar Gold Coast), da matarsa ​​Stella Akoley Lartey. Mahaifin Charles ya rasu watanni goma sha ɗaya bayan an haife shi. Daga cikin 'yan uwansa akwai Edward Ffoulkes Crabbe wanda shine babban magatakardar majalisar kasa da Samuel Azu Crabbe wanda shine babban alkalin kasar Ghana na 5.

Crabbe ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Gwamnati da ke kusa da gidan yari na James Fort sannan ya ci gaba da zuwa Makarantun Manyan Samari na Gwamnati, Kinbu. A cikin 1939 ya shiga Accra Academy inda ya zauna don Takaddun Shedar Cambridge Junior da Senior, ya kammala a 1943. Bayan wannan, ya yi karatu a takaice a Makarantar Sakandaren Odumase na wata shida.

Daga nan Crabbe ya tafi ya fara aiki a matsayin Babban Jami'in Runduna ta Biyu a Hedikwatar Rundunar 'Yan sandan Gold Coast. A lokacin tarzomar Fabrairu 1948, an sanya Charles ya kasance cikin jama'a, yana tattara bayanan sirri na Hukumar 'Yan sanda. Lokacin da yake aiki tare da 'yan sanda, ya yi karatu mai zaman kansa don wani Intermediate B.A. digiri ta hanyar rubutu tare da Wolsey Hall, Oxford. Daga 1950 zuwa 1952, Crabbe ya karanci Tattalin Arziki a Makarantar City College London Moorgate, London.

A watan Agusta 1952, an shigar da shi Haikali na ciki don karanta doka. Ya yi hakan ne ta amfani da Babban Takaddar Shedar Cambridge da ya samu daga Kwalejin Accra. Ya kammala karatun shekara uku na yau da kullun a cikin shekaru biyu kuma an kira shi zuwa Bar a ranar 8 ga Fabrairu 1955, bayan an ba shi izinin yin aiki. A wannan shekarar an yi masa rajista a matsayin memba na Garin Gold Coast.

## Aiki

### Daftarin Dokoki da Zabe
A cikin 1955 Crabbe ya shiga cikin Babban Lauyan Janar na Ghana ya fara aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Mai ba da shawara. A ranar 1 ga watan Yunin 1958, an nada shi a matsayin Lauyan Majalisar Dokoki na farko, inda ya zama dan Afirka na farko da aka nada, an soke taken a Ghana ba da dadewa ba don Lauyan Gwamnati. Tare da lauyan New Zealand Fred Boyce, ya tsara dokoki, Dokoki da Ayyukan Majalisar da Majalisar Dokoki ta zartar a ranar samun 'yancin kan Ghana.

A shekarar 1963, shugaban kasa na lokacin Nkrumah ya tura shi aiki zuwa Uganda inda aka mai da shi Babban Lauyan Majalisa da Mai Ba da Shawara Kan Tsarin Mulki ga Gwamnatin Uganda sannan ya tsara Tsarin Mulkin Uganda na 1966.

A watan Agustan 1968 aka nada shi Kwamishinan Zabe na wucin gadi na Ghana don gudanar da Zaben 1969. Crabbe ya kafa hukumar zabe ta farko da Ghana ta taba yi. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Kwamishina na Musamman ga Kwamitin Tsarin Mulki na 1969 kuma Mai tsara Dokoki zuwa Majalisar Mazabu ta 1969 wanda ya tsara Tsarin Mulkin 1969 na Ghana.

Ya kasance Shugaban Majalisar Mazabu na 1979 kuma ya tsara Tsarin Mulkin Ghana na 1979. Ya yi aiki tare da Kwamitin Binciken Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Kenya kuma shi ne Jagoran ƙungiyar Masu Zane -zanen da suka tsara Tsarin Mulkin Kenya. Ya yi aiki da Kwamitin Tsarin Mulki na Zambiya don tsara Tsarin Mulkin Zambia tare da Hukumar Binciken Fiajoe don bitar Tsarin Mulkin Ghana na 1992. Crabbe yayi aiki tare da Justice P.N. Bhagwati, tsohon Babban Jojin Indiya da Mai Shari'a Kayode Eso na Kotun Koli ta Najeriya don ba da shawara kan kafa Kotun Tsarin Mulki a Afirka ta Kudu.

A cikin 1999 an nada Crabbe a matsayin Kwamishinan Dokar Ka'ida. Ya yi shekaru da yawa kwamishinan duba Dokar Dokar Ghana a Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Ghana kuma a cikin wannan ofishi ya sake duba Dokokin Ghana daga 1852 zuwa 2004 a cikin kundin bakwai kafin ya yi ritaya daga mukamin gwamnati.

Ya kasance Shugaban Coalition of Democratic Election Observers Ghana (CODEO) wata hukuma a karkashin Cibiyar Ci gaban Demokradiyya ta Ghana (CDD-Ghana).

### Sabis akan Bench
An nada Crabbe a matsayin alkalin babbar kotu a ranar 16 ga Disamba 1966, jim kadan bayan dawowarsa daga Uganda. A 1968, lokacin da aka nada shi Kwamishinan Zabe na wucin gadi na Ghana, yana tare da matsayin Alkalin Kotun daukaka kara. A shekarar 1970, Firayim Minista Kofi Abrefa Busia ya nada shi kuma ya nada shi Alkalin Kotun Koli na Ghana. Bayan juyin mulkin soji wanda ya kifar da gwamnatin Busia a 1972, an dakatar da kotun koli. Lokacin da aka dawo da tsarin shari'a Crabbe ba a aika shi zuwa kotun koli ba amma ya koma babban kotun. Ya yi aiki a matsayin alkalin babbar kotu daga 1972 zuwa 1975. A shekarar 1976, an tura shi kotun daukaka kara a matsayin alkali sannan a 1979 ya koma kotun koli.

### Gudummawa ga Ilimin Shari'a
Daga 1958 zuwa 1963, Crabbe ya kasance malami kuma malami a cikin shekarun kafuwar Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana har ya tafi Uganda. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Malami a Cibiyar Ci gaban Shari'a ta Duniya a Rome, Italiya. Daga 1974 zuwa 1998, ya kasance Darakta na Tsarin Sakatariyar Commonwealth na masu tsara dokoki na Yankin Afirka ta Yamma, Yankin Kudancin Afirka da Yankin Caribbean. Ya kasance farfesa ne na tsara daftarin Dokoki a Cave Hill Campus, Barbados na Jami'ar West Indies. Crabbe ya kasance Farfesa na Shari'a a Kwalejin Jami'ar Mountcrest da ke Accra har zuwa rasuwarsa a ranar 7 ga Satumba 2018.

## Rayuwar mutum
Crabbe yana da yara shida. Ya kuma kasance Freemason, na gundumar Grand Lodge na Ghana a ƙarƙashin United Grand Lodge na Ingila.

## Daraja
Kodayake an yi la'akari da shi azaman mai karɓar lambar yabo ta ƙasa ta Sahabin Umarnin Volta a 1979, ba a taɓa gayyatar Crabbe don saka hannun jari ba. An karrama shi a matsayin abokin girmamawa na Cibiyar Nazarin Shari'a ta Najeriya. A cikin 2006, sarakuna da mutanen Ngleshie Alata, Jamestown sun ba shi Takaddar girmamawa. A watan Nuwamba na 2013 ya sami digirin girmamawa na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah, bayan da ya taimaka wa cibiyar ta kafa Kwalejin Shari'a. A ranar 31 ga Janairun 2015, a Metropolitan Ball a Accra, ya karɓi Takaddar Karramawa daga Babban Jami'in Babban Taron Majalisar Accra. A ranar 15 ga Maris 2017 ya gabatar da lacca na farko kan jigon, *The Philosophy of Man* bayan an zabe shi Abokin Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Ghana.

## Mutuwa da jana'izar jiha
Ya rasu yana da shekaru 94 a ranar 7 ga Satumba 2018 a Accra, Ghana. An yi jana'izar sa a jihar, wanda ya samu halartar manyan mutane da membobin kungiyar lauyoyi, a ranar Alhamis 4 ga Oktoba 2018 a Cibiyar Taro ta Kasa da Kasa ta Accra.

## Adabi

* Amoak, Kwesi (2016) *"Unfinished journey : the life and times of V.C.R.A.C. Crabbe : a legal luminary"* Sakumo, Ghana: Smartline Limited

## Manazarta