Abenaki

**Abenaki** ( Abenaki : *Wαpánahki* ) ’yan asalin yankin Arewa maso Gabashin Woodlands ne na Kanada da Amurka. Mutane ne masu magana da Algonquian kuma wani ɓangare na Ƙungiyar Wabanaki . Yaren Abenaki na Gabas galibi ana magana da shi a Maine, yayin da ake magana da Yaren Abenaki na Yamma a Quebec, Vermont, da New Hampshire .

Yayin da al'ummar Abenaki suka yi tarayya da halayen al'adu, a tarihi ba su da gwamnatin tsakiya.  Sun taru a matsayin al’umma bayan tuntuɓar juna bayan an lalata musu ƙabilarsu ta asali ta hanyar mulkin mallaka, cututtuka, da yaƙi .

## Sunaye
Kalmar *Abenaki* da syncope, *Abnaki,* dukansu sun samo asali ne daga *Wabanaki*, ko *Wôbanakiak,* ma'ana "Mutanen Ƙasar Dawn" a cikin harshen Abenaki .  Yayin da kalmomin biyu sukan rikice sau da yawa, Abenaki na ɗaya daga cikin kabilu da yawa a cikin Ƙungiyar Wabanaki .

*Madadin* *rubutun* *sun* *haɗa* *da* *:* *Abnaki* *,* *Abinaki*, *Alnôbak*,  *]* *Abanakee* *,* *Abanaqui* *,* *Abanaqui* *,* *Abanaquois* *Abenaquis*, *Abeneaguis*, *Abenequa*, *Abenkai*, *Abenquois*, *Abernaqui*, *Abnaqui*, *Abnaquies*, *Abnaquois*, *Abnaquotii*, *Abasque*, *Abnekais*, *Abneki*, *Abonakies*, *Abonnekee* . 

An samo *Wôbanakiak* daga *wôban* ("alfijir" ko "gabas") da *aki* ("ƙasa")  (kwatanta Proto-Algonquian **wa·pan* da **axkyi* ) - sunan asalin yankin wanda ya yi daidai da New England da Maritimes . Wani lokaci ana amfani da shi don komawa ga dukan al'ummomin yankin Algonquian -Western Abenaki, Gabashin Abenaki, Wolastoqiyik - Passamaquoddy, da Mi'kmaq - a matsayin ƙungiya ɗaya. 

Mutanen Abenaki kuma suna kiran kansu *Alnôbak*, ma'ana "Mutane na gaske" (cf, Lenape language : *Lenapek* ) da kuma Alnanbal mai zaman kansa *,* ma'ana "maza". 

A tarihi, masanan ilimin al'adu sun rarraba Abenaki ta ƙungiyoyin yanki: *Western Abenaki* da *Gabashin Abenaki* . A cikin waɗannan rukunin akwai ƙungiyoyin Abenaki:

## Western Abenaki

* *Androscoggin* (kuma *Arsigantegok* *Arrasaguntacook*, *Ersegontegog*, *Assagunticook*, *Anasaguntacook* ), ya zauna tare da St. Francis River a Quebec. Babban ƙauyen: St. Francis ( Odanak ). Ana kiran mutanen a matsayin "St. Francis River Abenakis", kuma a hankali an yi amfani da wannan kalmar ga dukan Yammacin Abenaki. 
* *Cowasuck* (kuma *Cohass*, *Cohasiac*, *Koasek*, *Koasek*, *Coos* - "Mutanen Pine"), sun rayu a cikin kwarin kogin Connecticut na sama. Babban ƙauyen: *Cowass*, kusa da Newbury, Vermont .
* *Missiquoi* (kuma *Masipskwoik*, *Mazipskikskoik*, *Missique*, *Misiskuoi*, *Missisco*, *Missiassik* - "Mutanen Flint"), kuma aka sani da Sokoki. Sun zauna a cikin kwarin Missisquoi, daga tafkin Champlain zuwa bakin ruwa . Babban ƙauyen kusa da Swanton, Vermont . 
** *Sokoki* (kuma *Sokwaki*, *Squakheag*, *Socoquis*, *Sokoquius*, *Zooquagese*, *Soquachjck*, *Onejagese* - "Mutanen da Suka Rarraba"), sun zauna a Tsakiyar Tsakiyar da Upper Connecticut Valley Valley. Manyan ƙauyuka: *Squakheag*, Northfield, Massachusetts, da Fort Hill.
* *Pennacook* (kuma *Penacook*, *Penikoke*, *Openango* ), ya rayu a cikin Merrimack Valley, saboda haka wani lokacin ana kiransa *Merrimack* . Babban ƙauyen Penacook, New Hampshire . Pennacook sun kasance babban haɗin gwiwa da suka kasance masu ban sha'awa na siyasa da gasa tare da makwabtan Abenaki na arewa.

* Indiya Joe (  – 1819), ɗan leƙen asirin Mi'kmaq na ƙarni na 18, wanda Abenaki ya karɓa 
* Joseph Laurent (1839-1917), shugaba, marubuci, mai ba da shawara kan harshe, ɗan kasuwa 
* Henry Lorne Masta (1853-1943), shugaba, mai ba da shawarar harshe, kuma marubuci 
* Emma Camp Mead (1866-1934), Oneida herbalist kuma mai kula da otal (mahaifin Abenaki)
* Dark Cloud (Elijah Tahamont) (1855–1918), ɗan wasan fim shiru 

## Sanannen mutanen Abenaki na zamani

* Jeanne Brink (an haife shi 1944), ɗan wasan kwando 
* Annick Obonsawin (an haife shi a shekara ta 1983), 'yar wasan Kanada

## Duba kuma

* Dutsen Pemigewasset

## Bayanan kafa