Mary Young Pickersgill

**Mary Pickersgill** (an haife ta a matsayin **Mary Young** ; Fabrairu 12, 1776 - Oktoba 4, 1857) diki ce 'yar Amurka wacce aka sani da mai yin tutar Star-Spangled da aka ɗaga a kan Fort McHenry a lokacin Yaƙin Baltimore a Yaƙin 1812. 'Yar wani fitaccen mai yin tutar, Rebecca Young, Pickersgill ta koyi sana'arta daga mahaifiyarta, kuma a shekara ta 1813 Manjo George Armistead ya ba ta umarni ta yi tutar Fort McHenry ta Baltimore wadda ta yi girma sosai har Birtaniya ba za ta yi wahalar ganinta daga nesa ba. An kafa tutar a watan Agusta 1813, kuma, a lokacin Yaƙin Baltimore shekara guda bayan haka, Francis Scott Key ya iya ganin tutar yayin da yake tattaunawa kan musayar fursunoni a cikin jirgin ruwa na Burtaniya kuma an yi masa wahayi zuwa ga rubuta kalmomin da suka zama taken ƙasar Amurka a 1931.

Pickersgill, wacce ta mutu tana da shekaru 29, ta sami nasara sosai a kasuwancinta na yin tutar ƙasa har ta kai ga a shekarar 1820 ta sami damar siyan gidan da take haya a Baltimore, daga baya kuma ta fara aiki wajen magance matsalolin zamantakewa, kamar gidaje da aikin yi ga mata marasa galihu. &#x5B; ** &#x5D; Daga 1828 zuwa 1851, ta kasance shugabar ƙungiyar mata masu zaman kansu wadda aka kafa a 1802 kuma aka kafa ta a 1811, kuma ta taimaka wa iyalai matalauta da takardun shaidar makaranta ga yara da kuma aikin yi ga mata. A ƙarƙashin jagorancin Pickersgill, wannan ƙungiya ta gina gida ga tsofaffi mata kuma daga baya ta ƙara gidan tsofaffi maza wanda aka gina kusa da shi. Waɗannan, sama da ƙarni ɗaya bayan haka, sun rikide zuwa ƙungiyar Pickersgill Retirement Community na Towson, Maryland wadda aka buɗe a 1959.

Pickersgill ta mutu a shekarar 1857 kuma an binne ta a makabartar Loudon Park da ke kudu maso yammacin Baltimore, inda 'yarta ta gina mata abin tunawa, kuma inda wasu ƙungiyoyi masu ra'ayin jama'a suka gina wani allo na tagulla daga baya. Gidan da Pickersgill ta zauna tsawon shekaru 50, a kusurwar arewa maso yamma na Albemarle da East Pratt Streets a tsakiyar birnin Baltimore, ya zama sananne a matsayin Gidan Tutar Banner Mai Tauraro a 1927. An ceto gidan ta hanyar ƙoƙarin 'yan ƙasa da yawa masu ra'ayin kiyayewa waɗanda suka sami kwarin gwiwa daga Bikin Ƙarni na 1914.

## Rayuwar farko

An haifi Mary Young a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 1776, ita ce ƙarama daga cikin 'ya'yan William Young da Rebecca Flower shida.  Mahaifiyarta, wadda ta zama bazawara lokacin da Mary ke da shekaru biyu, tana da shagon sayar da tutoci a titin Walnut da ke Philadelphia inda ta yi tutoci, tutocin sojoji da "Launin Nahiyar" ga Rundunar Sojojin Nahiyar . Tallarta ta 1781 a cikin *"Packet na Pennsylvania"* ta ce, "Duk nau'ikan launuka, na Sojoji da Sojojin Ruwa, an yi su kuma an sayar da su bisa sharuɗɗa mafi dacewa, Daga Rebecca Young."  Young ta ƙaura da iyalinta zuwa Baltimore, Maryland lokacin da Mary ke ƙarama, kuma daga mahaifiyarta ne Mary ta koyi sana'ar yin tutoci. 

A ranar 2 ga Oktoba, 1795, tana da shekaru 19, Mary ta auri John Pickersgill, wani ɗan kasuwa, ta koma Philadelphia tare da shi.   Daga cikin 'ya'yan Mary huɗu, ɗaya kawai ta tsira daga yarinta, 'ya mace mai suna Caroline. Mijin Mary ya yi tafiya zuwa Landan don yin aiki a Ofishin Da'awar Burtaniya, amma ya mutu a Landan a ranar 14 ga Yuni, 1805, wanda ya bar Mary ta zama bazawara tana da shekaru 29. A shekarar 1807 Mary ta koma Baltimore tare da 'yarta Caroline da mahaifiyarta Rebecca mai shekaru 67. 

Ƙaramin iyalin sun yi hayar gida a lamba 44 Queen Street (daga baya 844 East Pratt Street, wanda ya zama Star Spangled Banner Flag House da 1812 Museum ), inda Pickersgill ta ɗauki masu shiga jirgin ruwa ta buɗe kasuwancin yin tuta, tana sayar da "ka'idodin siliki, launukan doki da na rarrabawa na kowane irin fasali."   Abokan cinikinta sun haɗa da Sojojin Amurka, Sojojin Ruwa na Amurka, da jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci da ke ziyartar su. 

## Tutar Fort McHenry

## Manazarta