Tina Joemat-Pettersson

**Tina Monica Joemat-Pettersson** ( an haife ta a ranar 16 Disamba 1963 - 5 ga Yuni 2023) 'yar siyasar Afirka ta Kudu ce wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Kwamitin Fayil kan 'yan sanda daga Yuli 2019 har zuwa mutuwarta a watan Yuni 2023. Mamba a jam'iyyar African National Congress Joemat-Petterson a baya ya taba rike mukamin ministan noma da gandun daji da kamun kifi daga 2009 zuwa 2014 da kuma ministan makamashi daga watan Mayun 2014 zuwa Maris 2017 karkashin shugaba Jacob Zuma .

An haife shi a Kimberley, Joemat-Pettersson ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta William Pescod. Ta sami digiri na farko na Arts a Gudanar da Gudanarwa a Ilimi daga Jami'ar Cape Town sannan ta sami digiri na farko a fannin Turanci da Tarihi da Babbar Diploma a Ilimi daga Jami'ar Western Cape . Joemat-Pettersson ya yi aiki a matsayin malami kafin ya zama mai himma a siyasa.

An zabi Joemat-Pettersson a matsayin dan majalisar dokokin lardin arewacin Cape a babban zaben shekara ta 1994 a matsayin memba na majalisar dokokin Afirka ta kasa. Bayan ta shiga majalisar dokokin lardi ne aka nada ta ‘yar majalisar zartarwa (MEC) mai kula da ilimi, fasaha da al’adu. Bayan babban zaben 1999 lokacin da aka nada ta MEC a matsayin takardar shaidar ilimi kawai. Ta zama MEC for Agriculture and Land Reform a 2004.

Bayan babban zaben shekara ta 2009, Joemat-Pettersson ya shiga majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu . Bayan haka, an nada ta ministar noma, gandun daji da kamun kifi a majalisar ministocin farko ta Jacob Zuma . Bayan babban zaben shekara ta 2014, Joemat-Pettersson ya zama ministan makamashi a majalisar ministoci ta biyu ta Jacob Zuma . An sauke ta daga mukamin minista a wani sauyi da aka yi a majalisar ministoci a watan Maris din 2017 sannan ta yi murabus daga kujerarta a majalisar dokokin kasar. Joemat-Pettersson ya koma Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa bayan babban zaben 2019, an zabe shi ya zama shugaban kwamitin Fayil kan 'yan sanda.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Na hudu cikin yara shida,  an haifi Joemat-Pettersson a matsayin **Tina Monica Joemat** a ranar 16 ga Disamba 1963 a Kimberley a tsohuwar lardin Cape na Afirka ta Kudu.  Ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta William Pescod a Kimberley. Ta sami digiri na farko na Arts a Turanci da Tarihi da kuma Babbar Diploma a Ilimi daga Jami'ar Western Cape . Daga Jami'ar Cape Town, ta sami digiri na farko a fannin Gudanarwa a Ilimi. 

## Farkon aiki
Joemat-Pettersson memba ne na Kungiyar Daliban Azaniya daga 1985 zuwa 1986. Ta koyar a makarantar sakandare ta Pescodia a cikin 1987 kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai koyar da tarihi tsakanin 1989 da 1991. A cikin 1990, ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar bincike ga shugaban Sashen Turanci a Jami'ar Western Cape. Ta kasance mai koyar da Ingilishi ga Kwamitin Gudanar da Ilimi na Ƙasa da Cibiyar Ilimi ta Ilimi kuma ta koyar a Makarantar Sakandare ta Homevale daga 1992 har zuwa 1993. 

A cikin 1992, Joemat-Pettersson shima memba ne na Kwamitin Ilimi na Jama'a na ƙasa. A wannan shekarar, ta kasance wakiliyar kungiyar malaman dimokuradiyya ta Afirka ta Kudu, mamba na kungiyar ma'aikatan jami'ar dimokuradiyya kuma wakiliyar yanki a teburin ilimi da al'adu na kasa na Majalisar Wakilan Afirka .  Joemat-Pettersson ya yi aiki a matsayin malami a Sashen Turanci na Jami'ar Free State daga 1993 har zuwa 1994. 

## Sana'a a cikin gwamnatin Arewacin Cape: 1994-2009
An zabi Joemat-Pettersson mamba a majalisar dokokin Afirka ta kasa, a sabuwar majalisar dokokin lardin arewacin Cape a babban zaben shekara ta 1994, zabukan farko da aka gudanar karkashin zabukan duniya .  Bayan shiga majalisar dokokin lardi, an nada Joemat-Petterson a Majalisar Zartarwa ta farko ta Arewacin Cape ta Firayim Minista Manne Dipico a matsayin Memba na Majalisar Zartarwa (MEC) na Fayil na Ilimi, Fasaha da Al'adu. A lokacin tana da shekara 30 kuma nadin nata ya fuskanci shakku .  Bayan babban zabukan 1999, ta kasance memba a majalisar zartarwa, yanzu tana da alhakin kawai kundin ilimi. A lokacin da take matsayin MEC na Ilimi, Arewacin Cape ya kasance mafi yawan ma'aikata kuma ta yi nasarar rage adadin makarantun da ke da adadin kasa da 20% zuwa sifili a 2000. 

Bayan babban zaɓe na 2004, Dipuo Peters ya gaji Dipico a matsayin firimiya kuma ta sanar da majalisar zartarwa, inda ta nada Joemat-Pettersson a matsayin MEC na Noma da Gyaran Filaye. Gomolemo Lucas ya karɓi fayil ɗin Ilimi.  A cikin 2006, Joemat-Pettersson ya kasance mafi kyawun MEC don Noma a cikin ƙasar ta wata mujallar aikin gona. 

## Sana'a a gwamnatin kasa

### Ministan Noma, Gandun daji da Kamun kifi: 2009-2014
An zabi Joemat-Pettersson a Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu a zaben kasa na 2009 .  Jim kadan bayan haka, shugaba Jacob Zuma ya nada ta ministar noma, gandun daji da kamun kifi . 

A cikin Nuwamba 2012, Mai kare Jama'a Thuli Madonsela ta gano cewa Joemat-Pettersson ta keta ka'idar Zartarwa ta hanyar ba da izinin dawo da 'ya'yanta ba bisa ka'ida ba da au pair daga Sweden zuwa Afirka ta Kudu a cikin Janairu 2010.  Tikitin jirgin, wanda ya kai R 151 878, an biya shi ne da kudin jama'a, wanda ya saba wa ka'idodin Littafin Jagorancin Minista. Madonsela ta kuma gano cewa ta karya ka'idar da'a ta hanyar zama a wasu otal masu tsada a Pretoria da Cape Town, wanda ya kai R900 795, yayin da take jiran a raba mata wuraren zama na hukuma. Madonsela ta ba da shawarar cewa Zuma ya tsawatar da Joemat-Pettersson.  Zuma ya rubuta wa kakakin majalisar dokokin kasar Max Sisulu a watan Maris din shekarar 2013, inda ya sanar da shi cewa ya tsawatar wa Joemat-Pettersson kan karya ka'idar da'a. 

A cikin Disamba 2013, Madonsela ta sami Joemat-Pettersson da laifin rashin aikin gwamnati saboda kulawa da bayar da kyautar R800 ba bisa ka'ida ba ga ƙungiyar Sekunjalo Marine Services Consortium don sarrafa Ma'aikatar Noma, Gandun daji da Kamun Kifi, bincike da jiragen sintiri da ƙoƙarin tsoma baki a ciki. bincike kan kwangilar. An soke kwangilar kuma an ba da aikin kula da jiragen ruwa na sojojin ruwa na Afirka ta Kudu wanda ya sa ba a yi amfani da jiragen sama da watanni ashirin ba.   Joemat-Pettersson bai yi nasara ba ya yi ƙoƙarin ƙalubalantar rahoton Madonsela game da lamarin, amma Kotun Koli ta Arewa Gauteng ta yi watsi da ƙararta a ranar 13 ga Maris 2017. 

### Ministan Makamashi: 2014-2017
Bayan da aka sake zabensa a babban zaben shekara ta 2014, an nada Joemat-Pettersson a matsayin ministan makamashi a majalisar ministocin Zuma ta biyu . 

A karshen shekarar 2015, asusun mai na Strategic Fuel Fund (SFF) ya sayar da ganga miliyan 10 na arzikin man fetur na Afirka ta Kudu  a kan farashin dala 29 ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, a lokacin da farashin mai ya kai dala 49. Joemat-Pettersson ta ce a jawabinta na kasafin kudin kasar a shekara ta 2016, ba a sayar da man fetur din ba, sai dai ana juyawa.  Wanda ya gaji Joemat-Pettersson a matsayin Ministan Makamashi, Mmamoloko Kubayi daga baya ya shaidawa kwamitin majalisar dokoki kan harkokin makamashi cewa an sayar da man fetur din ba wai ana juyawa ba.  Mai ba da kariya ga jama'a Busisiwe Mkhwebane ya gano a cikin Satumba 2020 cewa Joemat-Pettersson ba ta da hannu a siyar da ita kuma shugabar Asusun Tallafin Man Fetur na lokacin, Sibusiso Gamede ya yaudare ta. A watan Nuwamba na wannan shekarar, babbar kotun Western Cape ta soke cinikin. 

A cikin watan Satumba na 2014, Joemat-Pettersson ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tsakanin gwamnatoci tare da Rasha don kamfanin nukiliya na jihar Rosatom don gina har zuwa 9.6GW (8 NPP raka'a) na makamashin nukiliya a Afirka ta Kudu ta 2030.  Yarjejeniyar zata kashe har zuwa R1 tiriliyan. A watan Oktoban 2015, Earthlife Africa Johannesburg da Cibiyar Muhalli ta Kudancin Afirka (Saifcei) sun fara shari'ar kotu tare da kungiyoyin biyu suna kalubalantar matakin gwamnatin kasa na samar da makamashin nukiliya ba tare da fara muhawara a majalisa ba. A watan Afrilun 2017, alkalin babbar kotun Western Cape Lee Bozalek ya yanke hukunci kan shari'ar kungiyoyin biyu, inda ya bayyana cewa kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na samun karfin makamashin nukiliyar 9.6 GW da kuma yunkurin Joemat-Pettersson na Eskom na samar da makamashin nukiliya a matsayin haramun. 

An kori Joemat-Pettersson a matsayin Ministan Makamashi daga Zuma a wani garambawul da ya yi a cikin dare a majalisar ministocin a ranar 30 ga Maris 2017. An nada Mmamoloko Kubayi ya gaje ta.  Daga nan Joemat-Pettersson ya yi murabus daga majalisar a washegari. 

## Komawa Majalisa: 2019
An zabi Joemat-Pettersson a matsayin dan majalisa a babban zaben 2019 . Daga nan aka sanar da ita a matsayin 'yar takarar jam'iyyar ANC don shugabantar kwamitin 'yan sanda .  An zabe ta shugabar kwamitin a ranar 2 ga Yuli, 2019, inda ta doke dan majalisar Democratic Alliance Andrew Whitfield a kuri'un da ya samu kuri'u 5 a gare ta da 3 na Whitfield. 

A ranar 7 ga Afrilu, 2021, ta zama mamba a kwamitin bincike na sashe na 194, wanda aka kafa don tantance ko ya kamata a tsige mai kare Jama'a Busisiwe Mkhwebane daga ofis ko a'a.

## Yin aiki a cikin ANC
An zabi Joemat-Pettersson a matsayin shugabar kungiyar mata ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Arewacin Cape a shekarar 1998. A wannan shekarar, an zabe ta shugabar larduna ta jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Afirka ta Kudu da kuma kwamitin tsakiya na jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Afirka ta Kudu .  An zabe ta a matsayin ma'ajin kwamitin gudanarwa na lardin ANC a shekarar 2003, matsayin da za ta rike har zuwa taron lardin ANC na gaba a 2008 lokacin da Yolanda Botha ya gaje ta. 

An fara zaben Joemat-Pettersson a matsayin mambobi 80 na kwamitin gudanarwa na jam'iyyar NEC a babban taron jam'iyyar na kasa karo na 52 da aka gudanar a watan Disambar 2007 bayan samun kuri'u na 78.  Daga nan ne hukumar zabe ta zabe ta ta zama ma’aikaciyar kwamitin ayyuka na jam’iyyar (NWC) da ke da alhakin gudanar da harkokin yau da kullum na jam’iyyar. 

Joemat-Pettersson ya amince da sake zaben Zuma a matsayin shugaban ANC a watan Oktoban 2012.  A babban taron jam'iyyar ANC karo na 53 da aka gudanar a watan Disambar shekarar 2012, an sake zaben Zuma a karo na biyu a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar ANC, yayin da aka sake zaben Joemat-Pettersson a matsayin shugaban hukumar zaben kasar.  Daga nan ne mambobin hukumar zabe suka sake zabar ta a matsayin jam’iyyar NWC a watan Janairun 2013. 

An sake zabar Joemat-Pettersson a jam’iyyar ANC a babban taron jam’iyyar na kasa karo na 54, sannan a watan Janairun 2018 ne NEC ta sake zabar ta a cikin kwamitin gudanarwa na jam’iyyar na kasa.  

A watan Disamba 2022 yayin taron kasa na ANC karo na 55, wakilan Arewacin Cape sun zabi Joemat-Pettersson daga zauren taron don ya tsaya takarar mataimakin Sakatare-Janar na farko da Nomvula Mokonyane .  Nadin nata ya yi nasarar share mata kashi 25 cikin 100 na samun damar shiga kada kuri'a saboda goyon bayan da wakilan Western Cape da Eastern Cape suka samu.  Mokonyane ya lashe zaben. Daga nan aka sake zabar Joemat-Pettersson a zaben NEC kuma aka sake zabar shi a matsayin kujera a NEC; Bisa adadin kuri'u, ta kasance ta 13, inda ta samu kuri'u 1726 a cikin kuri'u 4,029 da aka kada gaba daya.  A cikin Janairu 2023, an sake zaɓen Joemat-Pettersson a Kwamitin Aiki na Ƙasa. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Joemat-Pettersson ta auri ɗan kasuwa ɗan Sweden Thorvald Pettersson, wanda ya mutu a shekara ta 2006. Tare suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu, Austin da Terrence. 

### Mutuwa
Joemat-Pettersson ya mutu a ranar 5 ga Yuni 2023 a gida a Rondebosch, Cape Town, kamar yadda shugaban jam'iyyar ANC a majalisar wakilai Pemmy Majodina ya tabbatar. Ta kasance 59.  

Mutuwar ta ya biyo bayan zargin karbar kudi da ita, Pemmy Majodina da Richard Dyantyi, shugaban kwamitin majalisar dokoki na sashe na 189 kan lafiyar dakataccen mai kare gwamnati Busisiwe Mkhwebane. Ana zargin mutanen uku da neman mijin Mkhwebane ya ba su cin hancin R600,000 "domin a ci gaba da binciken".

A ranar 20 ga watan Yunin 2023, hukumar ‘yan sandan Afirka ta Kudu ta sanar da gudanar da bincike kan mutuwar ta, bayan gano isassun shaidun da ke nuna cewa mutuwar ta ba ta faru ba. 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu

## Manazarta