Louisa Hanoune

**Louisa Hanoune** (Arabic; an haife ta a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1954) 'yar siyasar Aljeriya ce, kuma shugabar jam'iyyar Workers' Party (PT). A shekara ta 2004, ta zama mace ta farko da ta tsaya takarar Shugaban Aljeriya. Gwamnati ta daure Hanoune sau da yawa kafin a halatta jam'iyyun siyasa a shekarar 1988. An daure ta ba da daɗewa ba bayan ta shiga kungiyar Trotskyist Social Workers Organisation, wata jam'iyya ba bisa ka'ida ba, a cikin 1981 kuma bayan Rikicin Oktoba na 1988, wanda ya kawo ƙarshen mulkin jam'iyya ɗaya na National Liberation Front (FLN). A lokacin yakin basasa Aljeriya na shekarun 1990, Hanoune na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan adawa kaɗan a majalisa, kuma, duk da dabi'un jam'iyyarta, mai tsananin adawa da manufofin "kawarya" gwamnati ga masu Islama. A watan Janairun 1995, ta sanya hannu kan Dandalin Sant'Egidio tare da wakilan wasu jam'iyyun adawa, musamman Islamic Salvation Front, jam'iyyar Islama mai tsattsauran ra'ayi wacce rushewarta ta hanyar dokar soja ta haifar da fara yakin basasa.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Hanoune a Chekfa, Lardin Jijel . Iyayenta manoma ne na tsaunuka daga Chekfa, Lardin Jijel, kuma ta gudu tare da iyalinta zuwa birnin Annaba bayan da Sojojin Faransa suka jefa bam a gidan iyayenta a lokacin Yaƙin Aljeriya (1954-1962). Ita ce mace ta farko a cikin iyalinta da ta je makaranta. Tare da tsarin ilimi na Algeria kyauta da na tilas, Hanoune ta kammala makarantar sakandare kuma ta ci gaba da samun digiri na farko kafin ta shiga bangaren sufuri na iska. Hanoune ta yi karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Annaba, wani yanke shawara wanda mahaifinta ya yi adawa da shi. Ta bayyana cewa "Wannan haƙƙin ilimi ne wanda zai canza matsayin gaba ɗaya, wakilcin mata a cikin al'ummarmu kuma wanda ni wani ɓangare ne na samfurin".

## Jam'iyyar Ma'aikata
Bayan tashin hankali na shekara ta 1988, Aljeriya ta karɓi Tsarin jam'i mai yawa a shekara ta 1989, wanda ya ba Hanoune damar kafa Jam'iyyar Ma'aikata. An kafa shi a cikin 1990 ta hanyar rubuce-rubuce na Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Socialist . Babban dandalin su ya shafi gwagwarmayar aji tsakanin ma'aikata ko "ƙungiyoyin da aka yi amfani da su" da masu mallakar ko "masu zalunci". Jam'iyya ce mai zaman kanta wacce ke goyon bayan yunkurin kasa na Aljeriya. Hanoune ya kasance jagora da kakakin jam'iyyar tun lokacin da aka kafa ta kuma an zabe ta Sakatare Janar na jam'iyyar a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2005. A shekara ta 2007, akwai jam'iyyun 23 da ke takara a Aljeriya.

An san ta da yin tir da rushewar Islamic Salvation Front, tana magana da yardar rai don goyon bayan sulhu, kuma - tare da wasu jam'iyyun - sanya hannu kan Dandalin Sant'Egidio "don mafita ta siyasa ga rikicin Aljeriya". A lokacin sabuwar Aljeriya mai cin gashin kanta, Hanoune ta kafa manufofinta na siyasa: "Dukan kasar har yanzu suna fitowa daga yakin 'yanci, kowa yana magana game da zamantakewa, adalci, ci gaba. Aljeriya ta kasance a saman yakin da take yi na adawa da mulkin mallaka... mun kasance gaba ɗaya tare da Falasdinawa, Dalilin su ma namu ne. Muna adawa da wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu, mun yi magana game da Vietnam, na girma kamar dukan ƙarni a cikin wannan yanayin yaƙi, na gwagwarmaya.

## Yaƙin neman zaɓe na shugaban kasa
Majalisar Tsarin Mulki ta ki amincewa da shirin Hanounes na farko na zaben shugaban kasa na 1999, saboda ba ta tattara adadin sa hannu da ake buƙata don kasancewa a cikin kuri'un ba.

A zaben shugaban kasa na shekara ta 2004 duk da haka ta zama mace ta farko a duk kasashen Larabawa da ta tsaya takarar shugaban kasa. Majalisar kundin tsarin mulki ta amince da 'yan takara shida kawai.

Hanoune na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan takara goma sha ɗaya da aka zaba  don Zaben shugaban kasa na 2009. Dandalin ta ya haɗa da kare ka'idar ikon mallakar ƙasa da kuma sukar manufofin sassaucin ra'ayi da mallakar kamfanonin jama'a. Ta lashe kashi 4.22% na kuri'un, ta zo ta biyu daga cikin 'yan takara shida, yayin da Shugaba Abdelaziz Bouteflika ya lashe wa'adi na uku tare da kashi 90.24% na kuriʼun da aka jefa a zaben da aka zargi da zamba.

A Zaben shugaban kasa na 2014, ta kammala ta huɗu ta samu kashi 1.37% kawai na kuri'un. A taron manema labarai na jam'iyyar ta yarda da cin nasara kuma ta nace cewa an gudanar da zaben a hanyar da ta dace kuma a wannan lokacin ba tare da wani zamba ba. "Bouteflika ta ci nasara, mutane sun zaɓi kwanciyar hankali, "in ji ta.

A watan Yulin 2024, Louisa Hanoune ta ba da sanarwar janye takarar ta kuma ta soki "yanayin da ba daidai ba" wanda ake gudanar da yakin. Da yake zargin gwamnatin Aljeriya da niyyar ware ta da kuma hana 'yan takara kyauta ba tare da bayyana waɗannan cikakkun bayanai ba, Hanoune ta soki Hukumar Zabe mai zaman kanta ta Kasa saboda gazawarta wajen gudanar da tsarin tattara sa hannu. Ta nuna rashin kayan aikin fasaha da tsoratar da ma'aikatan birni suka yi.

## Sauran ayyukan
A matakin kasa da kasa, Hanoune ta kasance memba mai kafa ma'aikata da mutane na kasa da kasa a watan Janairun 1991. Ta halarci taron PT a matsayin wakilin masu zaman kansu da kuma kare kungiyoyin kwadago kuma ta yi yakin neman zabe don ka'idojin wurin aiki. Ita memba ce ta kwamitin ma'aikatan mata da kwamitin Afirka na Ma'aikatan Duniya . Ta shiga cikin hadin gwiwar kungiyoyin kwadago da suka yi magana game da yaki a Iraki, gami da Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Ƙwadago ta Larabawa ta Duniya da Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Duniya (EIT).

A watan Maris na shekara ta 2010, Hanoune ta shiga cikin wasu masu fafutukar kare hakkin mata wajen yin kira ga soke Dokar Iyali ta Aljeriya saboda gazawarta na samar da isasshen kariya ga mata.

A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2011, ta soki zanga-zangar adawa da Boutaflika a ranar 12 ga watan Fabrairu a Algiers a matsayin magudi na zamantakewa - "gwagwarmayar sarrafa rashin jin daɗi na zamantakewa, wanda yake na gaske, don karkatar da shi a cikin hidimar mulkin mallaka" - kuma ya tsaraRashin lafiya tare da Tarayyar Turai, soke duk izinin da aka yi wa Ƙungiyar Ciniki ta Duniya (WTO), da kuma komawa ga cikakken ikon tattalin arziki.Ta lura cewa tsohon Firayim Minista da kuma mai ba da shawara kan Asusun Kuɗi na Duniya / Bankin Duniya Ahmed Benbitour sun goyi bayan zanga-zangar. Sakonsa na edita ya yi kira ga "masu fafutuka, mambobi da magoya baya don kafa kwamitocin da suka shahara ... don kafa bukatun su ta hanyar tattaunawa kyauta, da kuma [matsawa] na kasa, mafita na Aljeriya".

A watan Satumbar 2019, an daure Hanoune saboda dalilai na siyasa daga gwamnatin soja ta Aljeriya ta wucin gadi. A farkon 2020, bayan daukaka kara na shari'a, an rage hukuncin ta, kuma yanzu tana da 'yanci.

## Manazarta