As-salamu alaykum

***As-salamu alaykum*** ( Arabic    ,  ), wanda kuma ake rubuta ***salamun alaykum*** kuma galibi ana fassara shi da Turanci a matsayin ***salamun alaykum***, gaisuwa ce da Larabci wanda ke nufin 'Assalamu'. Kalmar  ( , ma'ana 'zaman lafiya') ya zama gaisuwa ta addini ga Musulmai   a duk duniya lokacin da ake gaishe da juna, kodayake amfani da ita a matsayin gaisuwa ya riga Musulunci, kuma ya zama ruwan dare a tsakanin masu magana da Larabci na wasu addinai (kamar Kiristocin Larabawa da Yahudawan Mizrahi ), da kuma masu magana da harsuna masu kalmomin aro na Larabci, kamar amfani da *sallama* daga Kiristocin Indiya waɗanda ke magana da Hindi-Urdu a yankin arewacin Indiya .  

A cikin jawabin magana, sau da yawa gajeriyar hanyar  ana amfani da shi don gaishe da mutum,  kuma an fara amfani da shi azaman gaisuwa ta gabaɗaya a wasu harsuna ma.

Amsar da aka saba bayarwa ga gaisuwa ita ce  (  , 'kuma aminci ya tabbata a gare ku'). A lokacin Alƙur'ani, an maimaita *as-salamu alaykum*, amma an tabbatar da martanin da aka juya a cikin Larabci ba da daɗewa ba bayan bayyanarsa a cikin Ibrananci .  Haka kuma ana iya faɗaɗa kalmar zuwa  (  , 'Aminci ya tabbata a gare ku, da kuma rahamar Allah da albarkarSa').

Amfani da *salām* a matsayin gaisuwa ta Larabci ya samo asali ne daga Laqit bin Yamar al-Ayadi (ƙarni na 6),  kuma yana da alaƙa da tsoffin harsunan Semitic — Aramaic  (  ) da kuma Ibrananci  (   )—za a iya gano shi tun daga zamanin Tsohon Alkawari .    

## Furuci
Yawanci ana furta kalmar ne bisa ga yarukan masu magana na gida kuma sau da yawa ana gajarta ta. Misali, a Masar, ana furta kalmar da martaninta  kuma  .

## Bambance-bambancen nahawu
Furucin yawanci yana amfani da jam'in namiji na mutum na biyu, koda kuwa ana amfani da shi don yin magana da mutum ɗaya. Ana iya gyara shi ta hanyar zaɓar wakilin suna mai dacewa don yin magana da mutum a cikin nau'in namiji da mace, nau'in biyu, ko nau'in jam'in mace. Haɗaɗɗun kalmomin sune kamar haka (lura: bisa ga ƙa'idodin furtawa na gargajiya Larabci, gajeren wasali na ƙarshe a cikin kowace kalma ba a furta shi da pausa ba ):
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Wani nau'in mutum na uku, ʿalayhi as-salam, "aminci ya tabbata a gare shi", Musulmai galibi suna amfani da shi ga annabawan da ba Muhammadu ba da sauran mutane masu tsarki, kamar mala'iku.

## A Musulunci
A bisa ga al'adar Musulunci, asalin gaisuwar "Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare ka" ya samo asali ne daga mutum na farko, Adamu:

Jimlar tana bayyana sau 7 a cikin Alƙur’ani, kowanne lokaci a matsayin *salamun ʿalaykum* (). A cikin Classical Arabic, wadda aka yi amfani da ita a cikin Qur'an da rubuce-rubucen farko na Hadith manuscripts, ana rubuta jimlar kamar haka . A cikin Rasm, ana rubuta ta kamar haka .

Sauran nau’o’i kamar *salamun ʿalā* (), ko kuma kalmar *salam* () ita kaɗai, an ambace su a wasu ayoyi daban-daban na Alƙur’ani.

## Amfani da masu magana da ba Larabci ba

* Daidaitattun kalmomi a cikin harsunan Semitic sun haɗa da Aramaic/Classical Syriac *šlāmā ʿalḵōn* (ܫܠܵܡܵܐ ܥܲܠܟ݂ܘܿܢ), da kuma Hebrew *Shalom aleichem* ( *shālôm ʻalêḵem*).

* A cikin Iran, Afghanistan, Azerbaijan da Tajikistan, ana amfani da *Salâm* () shi kaɗai sau da yawa, tare da wani lokaci amfani da *Salam-o aleykom* da kuma mafi yawan amfani da *beh salâmat* (), ma’ana "[tafi] cikin aminci". Kalmar ban-kwana kuma ana maye gurbinta da *Khudâ hâfez* (Persian: خدا حافظ), ma’ana "da kariyar Allah".

* A Albania da Kosovo, ana amfani da ƙaramin nau’i a cikin harshen Albaniya, *Selamun Alejkem* ko *Selamun Alejqum* ba kasafai ba, inda harafin 'q' yake wakiltar sautin palatal mara murya wanda ya saba a tsarin lafazin Balkan Turkish da Thracian Turkish. Haka kuma, Bosniaks da Musulman Macedonia suna amfani da jimlar "" (Cyrillic: ).

* A harshen Amharic, kalmar Amharic ta asali *Selam* ana amfani da ita maimakon *Tadias*, wadda take daidai da "Yaya dai?".

* A cikin Turkey, Kazakhstan da Kyrgyzstan, mutane masu bin addini da yawa suna amfani da *Äs-sälamwaleykum* ko  tare da musafaha, kuma hakan yana nufin "Sannu". Mutane masu ra’ayin zamani ko marasa nuna addini suna cewa *Selam*, kuma a Kazakhstan ana cewa *Sälem* ko *Sälemetsız be* maimakon "Sannu". Duk da haka, Turawa da yawa suna furta shi daban kamar *Selamün aleyküm*.

* A Pakistan, gaisuwar tana da alaƙa da musafaha da hannun dama kuma sau da yawa ana haɗa ta da runguma idan ana haɗuwa bayan lokaci mai tsawo (tsakanin jinsi ɗaya kawai). A wasu wurare, mutane suna ɗora hannu a ƙirji yayin musafaha da gaisuwa. Ana fi son cikakkiyar gaisuwa (As-salamu alaykum) fiye da gajeriyar "salam" ko "salamu alaykum". Kalmar ban-kwana kuma ita ce "Khuda Hafiz" ko "Allah Hafiz", dukansu suna nufin "Allah Ya kiyaye ka".

* A India, gaisuwar mafi yawa tsakanin Musulmi ita ce musafaha ko runguma, ana amfani da As-salamu alaykum (Hindi: असलम अलैकुम) ko gajeriyar "Salam" a yanayi na yau da kullum. Don ban-kwana, ana amfani da "Khuda Hafiz" (Hindi: ख़ुदा हाफ़िज़, romanized: Xudā Hāfiz) ko "Allah Hafiz" (Hindi: अल्लाह हाफ़िज़, romanized: Allāh Hāfiz), ma’ana "Allah Ya kiyaye ka".

* A Bangladesh, Assalamu alaikum (Bengali: আসসালামু আলাইকুম) ita ce gaisuwar Musulmi mafi yawan amfani. Wasu Musulmai suna gaishe da manyansu da wannan kalma tare da ɗaga hannun dama zuwa goshi. Haka kuma ana amfani da ita wajen ban-kwana, yayin da wasu ke cewa "Khoda Hafez" ko "Allah Hafez" (Bengali: আল্লাহ হাফেজ, romanized: Āllāha hāphêj) ma’ana "Allah Ya kiyaye ka".

* Tsofaffin Kiristocin India (da Kiristocin Pakistan) a arewacin yankin Indiya suna magana da Hindi-Urdu kuma suna amfani da kalmar *salám* wajen gaishe da juna.

* A Uzbekistan da Turkmenistan, Assalomu aleykum ana amfani da ita a matsayin gaisuwa ta yau da kullum.

* A Indonesia, ana haɗa gaisuwar da wasu kalmomin gaisuwa na sauran addinai. A yanayi na yau da kullum ana gajarta ta zuwa *Samlekom*, wanda sabon salo ne amma wani lokaci ana sukar amfani da shi.

* Gajarta gaisuwar zuwa takaitattun haruffa kamar *A.S.*, *As'kum* (a Malaysia) ko *AsA* ya zama ruwan dare tsakanin masu amfani da intanet a ɗakunan hira da SMS. Wannan yana kama da rubuta (S) ko SAWS maimakon .

* A Chechnya da sauran yankunan Caucasus, Salamun Alaykum (Chechen: Саламун алайкум) ana amfani da shi wajen gaisuwa, yayin da a Ossetia ake amfani da wani nau’i da ya sauya na Salam (Ossetian: Салам).

* A Senegal, wanda yawancin al’ummarsa Musulmai ne masu bin Tasawwuf, wannan gaisuwa ta zama ruwan dare. A Wolof ana rubuta ta kuma ana furta ta: "a-sala māleykum", amsarta kuma ita ce "må-lekum salām."

* A Xinjiang na kasar China, "Essalam eleykum" ana amfani da ita a matsayin gaisuwa a tsakanin Uyghur, amsarta kuma ita ce "We-eleykum essalam".

* A Portugal, kalmar  ta samu wata ma’ana ta daban: saboda al’adar Larabawan Iberia na lanƙwasawa da daga hannu yayin gaisuwa, kalmar tana nufin motsi ko hali na nuna tsantsar ladabi ko salo. Misali: "Os rapazes chegaram cheios de salamaleques".

* A Italy,  tana da irin wannan ma’ana, tana nufin yawan nuna ladabi fiye da kima.

* A France,  tana da irin wannan ma’ana, tana nufin yawan yabon mutum fiye da kima.

* A Malta,  ana amfani da ita a cikin ibadar cocin Katolika a matsayin gaisuwa, sau da yawa daga firist, ma’ana "aminci ya tabbata a gare ku". Saboda harshen Maltese ya samo asali daga Arabic, ya gaji kalmomin addini na Larabci.

* A Maldives, "" (*assalaam 'alaikum*) ana amfani da ita a matsayin gaisuwa ta hukuma kamar "sannu".

* A Nigeria, jimlar *assalamu alaikum* ana amfani da ita a matsayin gaisuwa ta hukuma tsakanin Musulmai.

* A harshen Kurdish, jimlar "" ana amfani da ita a matsayin gaisuwa ta hukuma, kuma sau da yawa ana gajarta ta zuwa "".

* A Russia, Musulmai suna amfani da nau’o’i daban-daban na jimlar kamar "" (Russian), "" ko "" (Chechen), "" (Bashkir), da "" (Tatar).

## Nassoshi