Kimiyya da fasaha a Spain

**Kimiyya da fasaha a [[Ispaniya|Spain]]** suna da alaƙa da saitin manufofi, tsare-tsare da shirye-shiryen da Ma'aikatar Kimiyya da Innovation ta Spain ta gudanar  da sauran kungiyoyi da ke da niyyar bincike, ci gaba da kirkire-kirkire (R & D & I), da kuma karfafa kayan aikin kimiyya da fasaha na Spain da wurare kamar jami'o'i da dakunan gwaje-gwaje na kasuwanci.

Spain ta zama iko na tara na kimiyya a duniya tare da 2.5% na jimlar yawan wallafe-wallafen kimiyya, don haka ta wuce Rasha a cikin matsayi na duniya na samar da kimiyya  kuma ta wuce Switzerland da Ostiraliya a ingancin kimiyya.

## Dokoki

### Dokar Kimiyya ta 1986
Dokar 13/1986 a kan "Yana ingantawa da Babban Gudanar da Binciken Kimiyya da Fasaha" ta sanya kimiyya a karo na farko a kan ajanda na siyasa na Spain, ta kafa tushe don bincike da kudinta, tsarawa da daidaitawa tsakanin Jiha da yankuna masu cin gashin kansu. Wannan ka'idar ta kuma haifar da haihuwar shirin bincike na kasa a matsayin "kayan aiki don samar da kudi a kimiyya". Har ila yau, yana nufin cewa kungiyoyin bincike na jama'a na iya ƙirƙirar kamfanoni, a matsayin mafita ga rashin kamfanonin da ke ƙarfafa sabbin fasahohi da kuma cire tsarin kimiyya-fasahar tare da tsarin samarwa.

### Kimiyya, Fasaha da Dokar Innovation (2011)
Dokar 14/2011, ta 1 ga Yuni 2011, a kan "Kimiyyar Kimiyya, Fasaha da Innovation", wanda ya fara aiki watanni shida bayan an buga shi. Dangane da tanadin karshe na tara na Dokar, wasu daga cikin tanadinta suna da halin ka'idoji na asali. Wannan yana ba da hanyar ga ƙungiyoyin ƙasa, yanki da kamfanoni don yin hadin kai da inganta albarkatun su.

Mataki na 21 na Dokar ya yi la'akari da kwangilar pre-doctoral.

### Dokar Kimiyya 2022
A cikin 2020, Ma'aikatar ta buga shawarwarin da suka gabata game da sake fasalin Dokar Kimiyya. Ta hanyar Dokar Kasafin Kudi ta 2021, an sake gabatar da adadi na shari'a na hukumar jihar ga Hukumar Bincike ta Jiha  (AEI) da Majalisar Bincike Ta Kasa ta Spain (CSIC), wacce aka canza ta zuwa kungiya mai cin gashin kanta a shekarar 2015.  Hukumomin jihohi suna da 'yancin kai mafi girma don gudanar da kasafin kudin su. Ana sa ran za a amince da sabuwar dokar kimiyya a shekarar 2022.

## Tushen kudade
A cikin 2020, Spain za ta saka hannun jari na 1.24% na GDP a cikin binciken kimiyya, ƙasa da matsakaicin Turai na 2.12% .

## Shirye-shiryen dabarun
Har zuwa 2020, an buga bugu takwas na Shirin R&D&I na Kasa, wanda ya shafi lokacin daga 1988 zuwa 1991 zuwa 2007-2020, a halin yanzu yana aiki.

Kowace shekara ana amincewa da Shirin Aiki na Shirin R&D&I na Kasa, wanda ke aiki a matsayin kayan aikin shirye-shirye na ɗan gajeren lokaci, kuma Ma'aikatar Kimiyya da Innovation (MICINN) ce ke sarrafa shi; Masana'antu, Yawon Bude Ido da Ilimi (MEFP); da Muhalli, Harkokin Karkara da Ruwa (MARM).

A ƙarshen 2020 Gwamnatin Spain ta gabatar da shirin dijital na 2025 wanda ya mai da hankali kan farfadowa, canji da juriya na kokarin kimiyya a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa ga tattalin arzikin Spain. Ministan Ci Gaban Dijital Carme Artigas ya ba da sanarwar cewa farawa daga ƙarshen 2022 ƙasar ta ba da shawarar kafa yanayi mai aminci inda kamfanoni da yawa za su iya gwada tsarin AI mai haɗari don wuraren da ke da damuwa ga jama'a kamar tilasta bin doka, binciken likita ko shiga tsakani na ilimi. Dokokin da Hukumar Tarayyar Turai ta gabatar a cikin 2021 za a yi amfani da su tare da kulawa mai tsauri daidai da dabarun leken asiri na Spain (ENIA).

"Nanoinventum" wani aiki ne wanda Jami'ar Barcelona ke jagoranta don haɗa ka'idodin kimiyya da nanotechnology a cikin tsarin karatun makarantar firamare. Babban manufar ita ce ta taimaka wa matasa su saba da harshen kimiyya da kuma horar da sha'awar nanotechnology da kimiyya gabaɗaya.

## Ƙungiyoyin Bincike na Jama'a
Kungiyoyin Bincike na Jama'a (OPI) suna gudanar da babban bangare na ayyukan R&D&I waɗanda ake tallafawa da kudaden jama'a kuma yawanci suna gudanar da wasu shirye-shiryen da aka haɗa a cikin Shirye-shiryen Kasa.

Wadannan OPI suna haɗe da Ma'aikatar Kimiyya da Innovation:

* Majalisar Bincike ta Kasa ta Spain (CSIC).
* Cibiyar Makamashi, Muhalli da Binciken Fasaha (CIEMAT).
* Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayi da Ma'adinai ta Spain (IGME).
* Cibiyar Nazarin Kayan Kayan Kudancin Mutanen Espanya (IEO).
* Cibiyar Nazarin Aikin Gona da Abinci da Fasaha ta Kasa (INIA).
* Cibiyar Astrophysics ta Tsibirin Canary (IAC), inda Gwamnatin Tsibirin Canario ta shiga.

### A cikin yankin ƙasa
Kwamitin Ba da Shawara don Infrastructures na Musamman (har zuwa 2006 ana kiransa Kwamitin Bawa Shawara don *Manyan Cibiyoyin Kimiyya*, CAGIC)  ya bambanta tsakanin nau'ikan Cibiyoyin kimiyya da Fasaha guda biyu: Babban Cibiyoyin Nazarin Kimiyya (GIC) da Cibiyoyin Matsakaicin Girma (ITM). Sanarwarsu kamar haka shine alhakin Hukumar Kula da Kimiyya da Fasaha (CICYT).

## Manazarta