Serafino dell'Aquila

**Serafino dell'Aquila** ko **Aquilano** (6 ga Janairu 1466 - 10 ga Agusta 1500), wanda kuma ake kira da sunan iyali dei **Ciminelli**, mawaki ne kuma mawaƙi na Italiya. A matsayinsa na marubuci ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan mabiyan Petrarch kuma aikinsa daga baya ya kasance mai tasiri ga mawaƙa na Faransanci da Ingilishi na Petrarchan.

## Rayuwa.
An haifi Serafino a garin L'Aquila na Neapolitan a ranar 6 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1466 kuma ya mutu daga zazzabi a Roma. Iyayensa sune Francesco Ciminelli da Lippa de 'Legistis . A shekara ta 1478 kawunsa Paolo de 'Legistis, sakataren Antonio de Guevara, Count of Potenza, ya kai shi Naples, kuma ya zama shafi a kotunsa. A can ya yi karatun kiɗa da yiwuwar abun da ke ciki, da farko tare da mawaƙin Flemish mai ziyara Guillaume Garnier sannan Josquin des Préz . Bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa a shekara ta 1481 ya koma Aquila, inda ya sami shahara don yin waka ta Petrarch tare da kansa a kan lute. Ya bar Roma a shekara ta 1484, ya shiga aikin Kadinal Ascanio Sforza kuma ya kafa alaƙa da ƙungiyar adabi ta Sakataren Manzanni  [eo; es; fr; it; nl], inda ya zama abokantaka da Vincenzo Colli (il Calmeta), mai ba da labarinsa na ƙarshe.

Bayan ya haifar da laifi ta hanyar hukunta mugunta na kotun Papal a cikin wani abun da ke ciki na satirical, ya bar mai kula da shi ya sake zama a Naples. A can ya zama memba na Kwalejin Pontano, inda ya haɗu da Jacopo Sannazaro, Pier Antonio Caracciolo da Benedetto Gareth (il Chariteo), wanda ya ɗauki  takwas a matsayin abin koyi ga nasa. A shekara ta 1494, duk da haka, dole ne ya bar birnin a farkon yaƙi. A cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa ya ziyarci Urbino, Mantua, Milan da sauran biranen arewacin Italiya, yana yin wasan kwaikwayo a kotunsu. A shekara ta 1500 ya koma Roma, inda aka sanya shi Knight na Malta amma ya tsira ne kawai 'yan watanni don jin daɗin wannan girmamawa. Bayan mutuwarsa daga zazzabi, an binne shi a cocin Santa Maria del Popolo . 

## Waƙoƙi.
Saboda Serafino ya rera waƙoƙinsa tare da kansa kuma sau da yawa ya ba da kalmomin a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikinsa, wasu sun karɓi matani a lokacin kuma sun bazu a cikin rubutun hannu, ko kuma wani lokacin a bugawa. Saboda haka, tabbatar da shi ya kasance da wahala daga baya, kamar yadda aka kafa wani rubutu na ainihi. Ba sai bayan mutuwarsa ba ne aka fara buga ayyukansa daga Roma a cikin 1502, wanda wasu ashirin suka biyo baya a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa kadai. Daga ƙarshe sun haɗu da wasu da yawa a lokacin da sunansa ya yi girma. Daga cikin waƙoƙi 391 da aka ba shi, 261 sune strambotti kuma 97 sune sonnets. 

An buga tarin sonnets da sauran ayoyi da aka keɓe ga Serafino a cikin 1504. A cikin wannan shekarar, an buga tarihin rayuwar Calmeta game da shi daga Bologna kuma, tare da wasu ayoyin yabo, sun gabatar da tarin waƙoƙinsa daban-daban a tsawon shekaru. Shi da wadanda ya haɗu da su an jawo su ga Petrarch a matsayin abin koyi kuma sun horar da musamman yadda yake amfani da girman kai, wani lokacin zuwa wani mataki mai yawa. Pietro Bembo ya yi watsi da salon kuma dandano ya ragu a shekara ta 1560, ba za a sake farfadowa ba.

An yi amfani da aikin Serafino a matsayin abin koyi a hanyoyi daban-daban ta marubuta na Faransa da Ingilishi na ƙarni na 16. sonnet dinsa Si questo miser corpo t'abandona (idan wannan jikin mara farin ciki ya bar ka) an daidaita shi cikin rondeau S"il est ainsi que ce corps t'abundonne (idan ya faru cewa wannan jikin ya bar ka). Ba da daɗewa ba Thomas Wyatt ya daidaita Marot rondeau zuwa Turanci a matsayin "Idan ya kasance haka ne zan bar ka". Amma Wyatt ya kuma fassara ko daidaita aikin Serafino kai tsaye, musamman yana sha'awar amfani da epigramatic strambotto, hanyar da ya gabatar a cikin ayar Turanci. Ga hoton da ya dace na zuciya mai fashewa kamar fashewa, yana da bashi ne kawai ga Serafino don ra'ayin a cikin "The furious gonne in his rajing yre". A cikin "Kai mafi kyawun ffast" an daidaita strambotti biyu don yin rubutun guda ɗaya, yayin da wasu waƙoƙi sun ɗan fassara su sosai.

Serafino da 'yan uwan Petrarchans an kuma yi iƙirarin cewa suna da tasiri ga mawaki na Faransa Maurice Scève,  kuma a Ingila an gano sonnets goma sha biyu daga baya na Thomas Watson a matsayin nau'ikan Serafino. 

## Manazarta.