Fatima Ahmed Ibrahim

**Fatima Ahmed Ibrahim** (    ;  -ta mutu a ranar 12 ga watan Augustan shekara ta shekarar 2017), marubuciya ce yar ƙasar Sudan, mai rajin kare hakkin mata kuma shugabar gurguzu. 

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Ibrahim a Khartoum. Majiyoyi suna ba ta ranar haihuwa daban-daban kamar ranar 20 ga watan Disamban shekara ta 1928, ko a shekara ta 1932  ko shekarar 1933. Ta fito ne daga dangi masu ilimi; Kakan nata ya kasance shugaban makarantar Sudan ta farko na yara maza har da Imam a masallacin unguwar su. Mahaifin Fatima ya kammala karatu a Kwalejin Gordon Memorial kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin malami. Mahaifiyar Fatima tana cikin thean matan farko da suka halarci makarantar. Fatima ta girma ne a lokacin mulkin mallakar turawan Ingila da Misira. An kuma kori mahaifinta daga koyarwa a makarantar gwamnati lokacin da ya ƙi koyar da darussan ta amfani da Turanci.  Bayan haka mahaifinta ya karantar a wata makarantar.

## Sana`a
Bayan ta fara a makarantar sakandaren mata ta Omdurman sai ta fara tallafawa 'yancin mata. Ta ƙirƙiri jaridar bango da ake kira Elra'edda, ko kuma da Larabci الرائدة ko kuma a cikin Englishan matan *Pioneer na* Turanci. Jaridarta ta mai da hankali kan haƙƙin mata kuma ita ma ta yi rubuce rubuce a jaridu a wancan lokacin da sunan alkalami.  Fatima ta gudanar da yajin aikin mata na farko a Sudan saboda hukumar makarantarta ta yanke shawarar soke darussan ilimin kimiyya kuma ta maye gurbinsu da darussan 'kimiyyar dangi'. Yajin aikin ya yi nasara. Ayyukanta sun wuce makaranta; a shekara ta 1947 ta kafa Ilimi mata Association, da kuma a shekara ta 1952 ta yi aiki tare da sauran mata da kuma kafa kasar Sudan mata Union (SWU,    , fassarar *rubutu: Aletahad Elnees'y Alsodanni* ), inda tayi aiki a kwamitin zartarwa tare da Fatima Talib da Khalida Zahir.

Shugaban kungiyar na farko ita ce Fatima Talib Isma'il. Women'sungiyar Matan ta buɗe membobinsu ga dukkan mata a Sudan kuma SWU ta buɗe rassa a larduna daban-daban a cikin ƙasar Sudan. Ajandar kungiyar mata a wancan lokacin, bisa kwaskwarimar da aka yiwa kundin tsarin mulkinta a shekarar 1954, ya maida hankali ne kan 'yancin kada kuri'a, zaɓen mata, da kuma damar mata su yi aiki a matsayin wakilai a dukkan majalisun dokoki, siyasa, da na gudanarwa. A SWU ta kuma yi aiki don tabbatar da daidaito da maza a cikin albashi da kuma horo na fasaha, kuma ta taimaka wajen cire jahilci tsakanin mata. Saboda manufofin SWU, an sami rikici tare da haƙƙin siyasa kamar su Jabihat El-methaiq elaslami ko Kungiyar Alkawarin Musulunci. A shekarar 1955 Fatima ta zama babban edita na mujallar *Sawat al-Maraa* ko *Mujallar Muryar Mace* (wacce kungiyar mata ta wallafa), kuma daga baya wannan mujallar ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kifar da gwamnatin Ibrahim Abboud . Yayin da yake a mujallar, Ibrahim ya yi karo da ƙaramin marubucin ma'aikacin kuma ɗan ƙungiyar Kwaminis, Suad Ibrahim Ahmed . Sun yi sabani sosai game da matsayin mata, addini da kyawawan halaye da dabarun jam'iyyar. Duk da yake Ibrahim ya yi imanin cewa za a iya amfani da Musulunci a matsayin mai ci gaba a kan masu ra'ayin addini, Ahmed yana so ya kawar da gwagwarmayar mata a cikin akidun duniya. Ahmed ya ji cewa kasancewa cikin tsarin Musulunci zai tilasta wa masu ci gaba yin yaki a yankin abokan hamayyarsu.

## Fagen Siyasa
### Somawa
A shekara ta 1954 Fatima ta shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Sudan (SCP), kuma na wani ɗan kankanin lokaci Fatima ta zama memba a kwamitin tsakiya na SCP (SCP ita ce Jam'iyyar Sudan ta farko da ke da tsarin mata na ciki, tun a shekara ta 1946). A shekarar 1956–57, Fatima ta zama shugabar kungiyar mata. Ofaya daga cikin burinta shi ne samun independenceancin ƙungiyar daga alaƙar su da mamayar ta SCP, kuma ta faɗaɗa halartar mata masu banbancin ra'ayi. A shekarar 1965 aka zabi Fatima a majalisar dokoki, inda ta zama mata ta farko mata 'yar kasar Sudan.  Rikicin tsarin mulki da ke faruwa sakamakon keɓance haramtattun membobin SCP da aka zaba daga majalisar dokokin Sudan, wanda Sadiq al Mahdi ke jagoranta, ya haifar da ƙiyayya tsakanin SCP da Umma Party . A shekarar 1967, Ibrahim yana daya daga cikin mata hudu da aka zaba a cikin membobin kwamitin tsakiya na membobin Kwaminisancin Sudan su 33, tare da Mahasin Abd al-Aal, Naima Babiker al-Rayah da Suad Ibrahim Ahmed. 

### Goyan baya
A shekara ta 1969, lokacin da Jaafar Muhammad al-Nemieri ya karbi mulki a wani juyin mulkin soja da kungiyar SCP ta goyi bayansa, ayyukan kungiyar mata sun fadada kuma mata sun sami yanci da yawa a fannoni daban daban. Ruwan amarci tsakanin Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Sudan da Jaafar al-Nemieri ya ƙare bayan babbar takaddama wacce ta haifar da juyin mulkin soja a watan Yulin 1971 zuwa goyon bayan SCP wanda Hashim Elatta ya jagoranta, amma juyin mulkin bai ci nasara ba bayan fewan kwanaki kuma Nimiri ya dawo kan mulki, wanda ya jagoranci ga kisan shugabannin juyin mulkin SCP, daga cikinsu akwai Alshafi Ahmed Elshikh wani shugaban kungiyar ma’aikata kuma mijin Fatima. Bayan haka an sanya Fatima a tsare a gidan tsawon shekaru, kuma an kame ta sau da yawa a lokacin mulkin Nemieri.

### Hijira
A shekara ta 1990 Fatima ta bar Sudan bayan juyin mulkin soja na Omar Hassan al-Bashir, kuma ta shiga cikin ‘yan adawa da ke gudun hijira a matsayin Shugabar kungiyar Matan Sudan da aka dakatar. A shekarar 1991 an zaɓi Fatima a matsayin Shugabar Mata ta Duniya. Ta koma Sudan ne a shekara ta 2005 bayan sulhu tsakanin gwamnati da 'yan adawa, sannan aka naɗa ta mataimakiya a majalisar da ke wakiltar SCP. Heran’uwan nata ma marubuci ne kuma yana da hannu a siyasa Salah Ahmed Ibrahim,  tana da ɗa guda daga mijinta Elshafi, mai suna Ahmed.

### Ritaya
Ta yi ritaya daga shugabancin siyasa a shekara ta 2011.

## Lambobin yabo

* Kyautar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Kwarewar Nasarori a Fannin 'Yancin Dan Adam. (1993)
* Kyautar Ibn Rushd don 'Yancin Tunani na shekara ta 2006 a Berlin.

## Ayyuka

* Hassadanna Khill'al Ashroon A'mm'a, Larabci حصادنا خلال عشرين عاماً, ko (Girbinmu Cikin Shekaru Ashirin). Khartoum: Unionungiyar Sudaneseungiyar Mata ta Sudan, nd
* Tariqnu ila el-Tuharur (Hanyarmu ta 'Yanci). (nd ).
* el-Mara el-Arabiyya wal Taghyir el-Ijtimai, Larabci المرأة العربية والتغيير الاجتماعي ko Matan Larabawa da Canjin Al'umma. 1986
* Holla Gadie'a alahoal al-shekhssia, Larabci حول قضايا الأحوال الشخصية ko Al'amuran Halin mutum.
* Gadie'a Alm'ar'a el-A'mela Al-sodania, Larabci قضايا المرأة العاملة السودانية, ko Al'amuran Ma'aikatan Sudan Mata.
* An'a Awaan Eltageir Lakeen!, Larabci! آن آوان التغيير ولكن ko Lokaci ne na Canji amma!
* Atfallana we'l Re'aia El-sehi'a, Larabci أطفالنا والرعاية الصحية, ko Yaranmu da Kula da Lafiya.
* " Kibiya a Huta ". A cikin *Mata Masu Gudun Hijira*, ed. Mahnaz Afkhami, 191–208: Jami’ar Jarida ta Virginia, 1994.
* " Harin Sudan a kan 'Yancin Mata yana amfani da Musulunci ". *Labaran Afirka* 37, a'a. 5 (1992): 5.

## Mutuwa
Ta rasu a Landan a ranar 12 ga Agustan shekara ta  2017, tana da shekara 84,  kuma an yi jana’izarta a Khartoum a ranar 16 ga watan Agusta. 

## Manazarta