Helen Muir

**Isabella Helen Mary Muir** CBE FRS (20 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1920 - 28 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 2005) ta kasance Masanin kimiyyar halittu na Burtaniya. Ta yi aiki na farko a kan abubuwan da ke haifar da osteoarthritis .

## Rayuwa ta mutum

### Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Muir a Indiya ga G. B. F. (Basil) Muir da Gladys Helen Mary, kuma ta shafe shekaru 10 na farko na rayuwarta a can.[1] Har zuwa lokacin da ta koma Turai a 1930, Muir ba ta da ilimi na yau da kullun kuma mahaifiyarta ce ta ilimantar da ita.[2] A lokacin da take da shekaru 10, Muir ta fara karatun ta gaba ɗaya a makarantar kwana a Montreux, Switzerland da kuma Downe House a Berkshire, Ingila. Ta fara halartar Kwalejin Somerville a Oxford, Ingila a 1940, tare da niyyar asali na karatun likita. Koyaya, a ƙarƙashin tasirin malaminta, Dorothy Hodgkin, ta sauya yankin da take mai da hankali ga ilmin sunadarai. Ta kammala karatu a shekara ta 1944 tare da digiri na biyu.[1] Daga nan sai ta ci gaba da samun Dokta na Falsafa a 1947 don rubutun kan hada sinadarai na penicillin - samar da penicillin don dakatar da kamuwa da rauni yana da fifiko, yayin da ta yi bincikenta a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu.[2]

### Rayuwar manya
Muir, "mai jan gashi", bai taba yin aure ba. Shekara bayan ta sami digirin digirgir, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai bincike a makarantar Sir William Dunn School of Pathology a Jami'ar Oxford. Albert Neuberger ya dauke ta cikin sabon rukuni a London a cikin sashen biochemical na Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa, kuma ta koma Mill Hill a shekarar 1949. Sha'awar Muir ta koma ilmin Halitta a karkashin Neuberger, yayin da yake nazarin asalin haem biosynthesis. Muir ta buga manyan takardun ta na farko tare da Neuberger a cikin Biochemical Journal a cikin 1949 da 1950 a kan biogenesis na porphyrins .  Wannan aikin farko ya haifar da sha'awar Muir a cikin collagen da ƙwayoyin haɗin mutum. An ba ta lambar yabo ta Empire Rheumatism Fellowship tare da sararin bincike a St. Mary's Medical School a London. Ga mafi yawan aikin Muir, ta yi aiki a Cibiyar Kennedy ta Rheumatology a Hammersmith, cibiyar ƙwararren rheumatology ta farko a duniya. An dauke ta ne don jagorantar sashen bincike a Cibiyar Kennedy a shekarar 1966.  A lokacin da take Cibiyar, ta wallafa takardu a cikin Biochemical Journal and Nature .   Daga nan sai ta ci gaba da zama darektan Cibiyar a shekarar 1977, a wannan shekarar ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata kalilan da aka sanya Fellow na Royal Society. Kungiyar Muir a Cibiyar Kennedy ta yi aiki don gano tsarin da ayyukan proteoglycans, sunadarai waɗanda suka zama babban ɓangare na cartilage. An san ta da ganowa da bincika dalilai daban-daban na osteoarthritis da kuma haskaka abubuwan da ke haifar da yanayin, wanda a baya aka yi la'akari da bai cancanci karatu ba. Muir ya yi ritaya daga Cibiyar Kennedy a shekarar 1990.

### Rayuwa da mutuwa daga baya
Muir ta yi ritaya zuwa Yorkshire, inda sha'awarta ga kimiyya da magani ta ci gaba. Ta kara bangon hasken rana a gidanta kuma ta yi aiki don adana wuraren zama na namun daji na yankin. Bayan ta yi fama da ciwon nono na shekaru da yawa, ta mutu a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba 2005 a gidanta kusa da Bedale, Yorkshire . 

## Manazarta