MINUSCA

Ofishin Jakadancin Kasuwanci na Ƙungiya da Ƙungiya a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya (wanda ake kira **MINUSCA**, wanda shine farkon sunan Faransanci Mission multidimensionnelle intégrée des Nations unies pour la stabilisation en Centrafrique) aikin kiyaye zaman lafiya ne na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, wanda ya fara a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 2014, don kare fararen hula na Jamhuriwar Afirka ta Tsakiyar a ƙarƙashin Babi na VII na Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Turai. Ya canza rundunar kiyaye zaman lafiya mai karfi 6,000 da ke karkashin jagorancin Tarayyar Afirka da aka sani da MISCA zuwa aikin kiyaye zaman lafiya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kuma ya fara aiki a ranar 15 ga Satumba, 2014. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta tura tawagar sauyawa don kafa MINUSCA da shirya don sauya ikon daga MISCA zuwa MINUSCA. Ya zuwa 30 ga Satumba 2021, yana da sojoji sama da 15,000, 'yan sanda da ma'aikatan farar hula a ƙasa. Matsayinta shine:

* tallafawa tsarin sauyawa;
* sauƙaƙe taimakon jin kai;
* ingantawa da kare haƙƙin ɗan adam;
* goyon baya ga adalci da mulkin doka;
* Rashin makamai;
* Rashin aiki;
* sake hadewa;
* hanyoyin dawowa.

Wakilin Musamman na Sakatare Janar na yanzu kuma shugaban MINUSCA shine Valentine Rugwabiza na Rwanda .

Kasashe 3 da suka fi ba da gudummawa sune Rwanda, Bangladesh da Pakistan.

MINUSCA tana shiga cikin ayyukan 'yan sanda da na' yan bindiga a yankunan da ba a bayyana cibiyoyin gwamnati ba.

## Tarihi

Sojojin Séléka sun yi tawaye a shekarar 2013 wanda ya haifar da ƙarshen mulkin François Bozizé a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya. Ci gaba da aikata laifuka masu banƙyama na Séléka a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ya haifar da mummunar yanayi a Jamhuryar Afirka ta tsakiya, wanda hakan ya haifar da rikici daga juriya ta gwamnati zuwa rikici na addini. Daga baya aka gano bayanai cewa Séléka kungiya ce ta Musulmi da ke aikata take hakkin dan adam a kan kasarsu ta Kirista. Daga nan ne aka kafa 'yan bindiga na Kirista, suna kiran kansu Anti-Balaka, don yin yaƙi da Séléka.

Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ta fara raunana yayin da rikici ya ci gaba, tare da karuwar mace-mace da raguwar tsammanin rayuwa, wanda ya danganta da karuwar cututtukan da za a iya hanawa da magani. Har ila yau, rikici ya haifar da mutane 320,000 da suka tsere zuwa kasashe makwabta, gami da Chadi da Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, kuma tun daga shekarar 2017, ya bar kusan mutane 600,000 da suka rasa muhallinsu.

A cikin 2017, Vietnam ta yi tarihi ta hanyar aika masu kiyaye zaman lafiya don shiga MINUSCA bayan kasar ta shiga aikin kiyaye zaman lafiya na farko a Sudan ta Kudu.

## Yanzu
A cikin shekara ta 2015, an tura wani rukuni daga Sojojin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo (FARDC), mai lamba 807, zuwa CAR a matsayin wani ɓangare na MINUSCA. DRC ta kuma tura 'yan sanda 118. A watan Agustan 2015, zarge-zargen sun bayyana cewa sojoji uku na DRC sun yi wa 'yan mata uku fyade a garin Bambari, arewa maso gabashin babban birnin Bangui. An kuma yi zargin cin zarafin yara da cin zarafin su. A watan Janairun 2016, an ba da sanarwar cewa za a dawo da rukunin, saboda ya kasa cika bukatun "bincike da shiri" na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.

A cikin 2017, an kaddamar da ayyukan Batatere, Damakongo da Hibou-2 a Bambari, Bokaranga da Bang, da Bangui, bi da bi, don dawo da zaman lafiya ko fitar da kungiyoyin makamai. Kwamandojin Portuguese sun sami wasikar yabo yayin aikin Batatere.

A cikin hare-haren da aka yi kwanan nan a CAR a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2018, MINUSCA da sojojin gwamnati sun fara wani aiki wanda zai kawar da 'yan bindiga, wadanda galibi Musulmi ne, a cikin gundumar kiyaye zaman lafiya ta Bangui 5, wanda kuma shine inda Kiristoci suka fi yawa. MINUSCA tana kalubalantar samun umarni wajen kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da kuma kawar da makamai da kuma rushe 'yan wasan da ba na gwamnati ba saboda rashin juriya na ababen more rayuwa wajen amfani da rundunar soja.

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2019, Sojojin Musamman na Bangladesh sun kaddamar da Operation Poupou, don dawo da motocin gwamnati da kuma dawo da 'yancin motsi a Zoukombo.

Kamar yadda aka tsawaita wa'adin MINUSCA kuma aka yi gyare-gyare a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 2019, don dacewa da bukatun tallafawa Sojojin Afirka ta Tsakiya (FACA), za a sami wahala a yi la'akari da rashin ababen more rayuwa da albarkatu. Sabuntawa ga umarnin ya hada da MINUSCA don taimakawa tsarin zabe don sauyawa cikin lumana ga shugaban kasa da majalisa ta hanyar samar da ofisoshi masu kyau, tsaro, aiki, dabaru, da tallafin fasaha don zaben.

A cikin kasafin kudin kiyaye zaman lafiya, MINUSCA tana karɓar kashi 14% na kasafin kudin, tare da jimlar $ 930,211,900 daga 2018-2019.  MINUSCA galibi ba a yarda da ita ba a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya saboda suna na zalunci da rashin tasiri.

A ranar 12 ga Maris, 2021, Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kada kuri'a don kara girman rundunar MINUSCA, ta ba da ƙarin sojoji 2,750 da jami'an 'yan sanda 940 ga Ofishin Jakadancin.

A watan Satumbar 2021, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yanke shawarar janye wasu masu kiyaye zaman lafiya na Gabon 450 daga rundunar kiyaye zaman lafiya a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya bayan zarge-zargen cin zarafin jima'i da cin zarafin da gwamnatin Gabon ta bude bincike. An soki masu kiyaye zaman lafiya na MINUSCA saboda yaduwar fyade da cin zarafin jima'i ga fararen hula.

A ranar 15 ga Mayu 2023 Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, António Guterres ya nada Humphrey Nyone a matsayin kwamandan rundunar MINUSCA. Ya gaji Daniel Sidiki Traoré a wannan matsayi.

Jami'an 'yan sandan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya biyar daga Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango wadanda ke cikin ayarin motocin MINUSCA ne suka mutu a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2025, lokacin da wani jirginsu dauke da sulke ya fado ya shiga cikin kogi yayin da suke tsallaka wata gada da ke kusa da birnin Bangui a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya.

## Cece-kuce da take hakkin dan Adam
Aikin bai shahara sosai a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya saboda suna na tashin hankali da rashin inganci.

MINUSCA ta fuskanci suka sosai dangane da aikata fyade da cin zarafi ta hanyar dakarun zaman lafiya. Mata da dama sun ki kai korafi saboda tsoron ramuwar gayya ko kuma ganin rashin damuwa daga MINUSCA. Rahotanni sun bayyana fyade ta rukuni da barazanar kisa da dakarun Majalisar Dinkin Duniya suka yi wa mata da suka sha wahala, inda lamarin ya ci gaba har zuwa shekarun 2022 da 2023. A matsayin martani kan zarge-zargen cin zarafin jima’i, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta janye kusan dakarun zaman lafiya na Gabon guda 450 a watan Satumbar 2021, wanda hakan ya haifar da bincike daga gwamnatin Gabon.

## Tsarin Sojoji

## Manazarta