María Cambrils

**María Cambrils Sendra** (1878 - 22 ga Disamba 1939) marubuciya ce 'yar ƙasar Sipaniya kuma mai rajin kare haƙƙin mata. Ta koyar da kanta kuma ta zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masana a fannin aiki a matsayin marubuciya kuma malamar makaranta. Ta buga labarai da yawa a cikin jaridun ma'aikata, musamman *El Socialista* . Ita ce mawallafin littafin *Feminismo sociala* na shekarar 1925, wani littafi mai suna Feminismo sociala, wanda aka buga a shekarar 1925, wani littafi mai suna Feminismo sociala, wanda aka yi amfani da shi wajen bayyana haƙƙin mata da kuma ayyukan mata da na gurguzu .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
María Cambrils 'yar ma'aikaciya ce kuma uwa mara ilimi wacce ta yi ƙaura daga Pego, Alicante zuwa Valencia, inda ta rayu mafi yawan rayuwarta. Wataƙila ta yi aure da José Martínez Dols ƙarama. Bayan rasuwarsa, binciken da aka yi a rayuwarta ya nuna cewa ta zauna a wani gidan sufi da ba a san ko waye ba kuma wataƙila ta kasance mai hidimar zuhudu na ɗan lokaci bayan ta zama bazawara. A cikin rubuce-rubucenta, ta tuna "rayuwarta ta al'ada" kuma ta nuna yadda ake sarrafa rubuce-rubucen addini ba tare da wata matsala ba, duk da haka ba a sami takamaiman bayanai ba. [1] Babu cikakken bayani game da yadda canjin rayuwarta ya faru lokacin da, a cikin shekarun 1910, ta haɗu da abokin aikinta José Alarcón Herrero, [2] tsohon shugaban 'yan gurguzu wanda aka haifa a Jumilla kuma, kamar ita, memba na Jam'iyyar Ma'aikatan Gurguzu ta Spain (PSOE). [3]

A cikin rubuce-rubucenta, Cambrils ta bayyana cewa karatu da tattaunawa da wata maƙwabciya a Valencia ne suka buɗe idanunta ga koyarwar "fansa ta proletarian" da kuma rawar da mata ya kamata su taka a ciki. 

Tsakanin 1924 da 1933 ta rubuta ɗaruruwan kasidu a cikin jaridun ma'aikata, galibi a *El Socialista*, inda kusan ita ce mace ɗaya tilo da ke ba da gudummawa akai-akai, tana buga kasidunta tare da goyon bayan wanda ya kafa Pablo Iglesias, Julián Besteiro, , Indalecio Prieto, da Largo Caballero .

Sau da yawa rubuce-rubucenta sun ta'allaka ne kan yanayin mata da kuma abin da take gani a matsayin buƙatar ɗaukar matakin mata, har ma a cikin jam'iyyarta, waɗanda take sukar masu fafutukar da ba sa yin aiki yadda ya kamata don 'yantar da abokansu.

A shekarar 1925 ta buga littafin *Feminismo socialista* a Valencia, wanda Clara Campoamor ta gabatar, wani rubutu mai cike da manyan sakamako da masana tarihi suka ɗauka a matsayin muhimmi a juyin halittar mata masu ra'ayin hagu, kuma ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan farko da aka buga a cikin Castilian kan dangantakar da ke tsakanin ra'ayoyin biyu. Yana magana ne game da wani nau'in mata da ke da alaƙa da zamanin Spain a cikin kashi ɗaya bisa uku na farko na ƙarni na 20.  Buga ne mai sauƙi, wanda Cambrils da kanta ta biya, wanda aka keɓe ga Pablo Iglesias, wanda ta kira shi "malami mai daraja", kuma wanda kuɗinsa ya je ga manema labarai na *El Socialista* .  "Kowane namiji da ya samu kuma ya karanta wannan littafin ya kamata ya sauƙaƙa karanta shi ga matan iyalinsa da abokansa, domin da wannan zai ba da gudummawa ga yaɗa ƙa'idodin da ya kamata mata su sani don kare 'yancin 'yan ƙasa," in ji gabatarwar. 

An sake buga littafin a shekarar 1992 ta ƙungiyar Clara Campoamor ta Bilbao. 

In 1933, for reasons of health, she moved with José Alarcón to Pego, where she was councilor and general secretary of the Socialist Association, director of the UGT, and member of the casa del pueblo administration board from 1933 to 1939. At the end of the Civil War, and despite the fact that it was recognized that no crimes of blood had been attributed to him, Alarcón was shot in Alicante along with  and other socialists of Pego on 11 April 1940. María Cambrils, attended by her nieces during an illness while Alarcón was in jail, died on 22 December 1939. She was buried in a grave without a name or a tombstone.

## Labarin da aka yi watsi da shi tsawon shekaru
Sanin tarihin rayuwar Maria Cambrils kwanan nan ne. An buga hotonta na farko da aka sani a shekarar 2004 ta hannun Elvira Cambrils. A cewar 'yar jarida Rosa Solbes, a wasu wurare ma an yi tunanin cewa María Cambrils ita ce sunan wani mutum  har sai da aka sami shaidar waɗanda suka tsira waɗanda suka bayar da takamaiman bayanai game da marubucin, kamar na tsohon ɗan jaridar CNT Leonardo Herández da Juan Bautista Pons, mai tsaron kai a lokacin Jamhuriya ta Biyu . 

A cikin Afrilu 2015, Jami'ar Valencia ta buga wani littafi mai suna *María Cambrils, el despertar del feminismo socialista* (María Cambrils: The Awaking of Socialist Feminism), wanda ya hada da tarihinta, littafinta *Feminismo Socialista*, da kuma fiye da 100 articles da aka buga tsakanin 1924 da 1933 a cikin *El Socialistae*, *El-Puvista, El Socialistae*, El-Elvisar, *El Socialistae, El Socialistae, da Elvisear, El* *Socialistae . Shahararren* . 'Yar jarida Rosa Solbes, masanin tarihi Ana Aguado, da mawallafin tarihin Joan Manuel Almela ne suka gudanar da aikin, tare da gabatarwar Carmen Alborch . 

## Manazarta