Phumeza Tisile

**Phumeza Tisile** mai fafutukar kiwon lafiya ce daga Afirka ta Kudu wacce ke ba da shawara don yin maganin tarin fuka mai arha kuma yana samuwa a ko'ina. Tisile ta tsira daga tarin fuka mai tsayayya da miyagun ƙwayoyi (XDR-TB), ta jimre shekaru uku da watanni 8 na magani. Binciken farko na Tisile ya haifar da watanni na rashin kulawa, wanda ya sa ta zama kurma.   A matsayinta na mai fafutuka, Tisile tana ba da shawara don inganta damar kamuwa da tarin fuka (TB) da magani, inganta shawarwari ga marasa lafiya, bincike kan ingantaccen jiyya, da kuma kawar da cutar tarin fuka.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Tisile a Port Elizabeth, wanda yanzu ake kira Gqeberha .  Ta ƙaura tare da mahaifiyarta Nokuzola zuwa Khayelitsha, a wajen Cape Town, Afirka ta Kudu, lokacin tana da shekaru 6.   Mahaifinta ya zauna a Port Elizabeth don aiki.  Tisile ta ji daɗin halartar makaranta, gudu, wasan kwaikwayo, da hawa dutse. 

Tisile tana karatun ilimin aikin ɗan adam a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Cape Peninsula lokacin da aka gano tana da tarin fuka .  Dole ne ta bar makaranta yayin jinya.  A shekarar 2017, ta koma jami'a, kuma ta sami digiri na farko a fannin Kimiyyar Zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Cape Town a shekarar 2019.   Tisile ta nuna sha'awarta ta neman digirin digirgir, amma ta ce "Ina ci gaba da ƙoƙarin komawa karatu amma sai aiki ya taru kawai... wataƙila wannan shine kirana." 

## Tarin fuka
Lokacin da Tisile ke shekarar farko a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Cape Peninsula a shekarar 2010, ta kamu da alamun cutar tarin fuka, ciki har da raguwar kiba da gajiya.     Saboda ba ta yi gumi da daddare ko tari akai-akai ba, likitoci sun sallame ta gida da maganin ciwo/zazzabi da maganin tari.   Bayan makonni uku, gwajin maniyyi da ta yi ya dawo ba ta kamu da cutar tarin fuka ba.  Daga baya aka gano tana da cutar tarin fuka bayan an yi mata gwajin X-ray na kirji. 

Tisile ta sami maganin tarin fuka na tsawon shekaru uku da watanni takwas. An fara yi wa Tisile maganin tarin fuka na farko, wanda bai yi tasiri ba. A watan Mayu na 2010, an gano tana da cutar tarin fuka mai jure wa magani, kuma a lokacin bazara an gano tana da cutar tarin fuka mai jure wa magani da yawa (MDR-TB). An gano tana da cutar pneumothorax da kuma ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin huhu. An yi mata tiyata don cire ruwa daga huhunta, inda haƙarƙarinta biyu suka karye kuma ɗaya daga cikin huhunta ya faɗi. Likitoci sun gaya mata tana da damar rayuwa da kashi 20%, kuma ya kamata ta tuntuɓi firist. An yi mata allurar kanamycin, wadda ba ta da tasiri, kuma an gano tana da cutar tarin fuka mai jure wa magani sosai. Maganin kanamycin ya sa Tisile ta zama kurma, wanda ya faru ba zato ba tsammani a watan Oktoba na 2010. Ba a yi wa Tisile gargaɗi game da haɗarin kurma ba. Tisile ta sha ƙwayoyi sama da 20 da allurai 2 a rana, tare da ƙarin abinci, kuma tana yin amai kowace rana. Tisile ta sha ƙwayoyi 20,000 a lokacin da take jinya.

In 2011, she was diagnosed with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB). In mid-2011, Tisile met Jennifer Hughes, a doctor from Médecins Sans Frontières who designed an individually tailored XDR-TB regimen for Tisile. After receiving a combination of linezolid and other drugs, Tisile completed treatment on 29 August 2013.

Tisile ta ci gaba da yin wani rubutu a shafin yanar gizo na Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) inda ta rubuta tarihin maganinta, inda ta ci gaba da fatan samun rai kuma ta yaba wa MSF da asibitin Lizo Nobanda inda aka yi mata magani.  Tisile ta kuma yi magana sosai game da ma'aikatan jinya da suka yi mata magani a Asibitin Brooklyn Chest a ƙarƙashin ƙarancin albarkatu.  A watan Oktoba na 2014, Tisile ta gano cewa ita ce mai kyau a yi mata allurar cochlear, ta tara kuɗi dalar Amurka 40,000 don tiyatar, kuma an yi mata tiyata a watan Maris na 2015. 

## Ƙungiyoyin fafutuka
Tisile ta bayyana ra'ayinta game da cutar tarin fuka, tun daga shafinta na MSF a lokacin magani, har zuwa yanzu. Tisile ta rubuta tare da hadin gwiwar, "Test Me, Treat Me: A Drug-resident TB Manifesto" a shekarar 2013.  Manufar ta yi kira da a samar da damar gano cutar tarin fuka da maganinta ga masu fama da cutar tarin fuka, bincike don nemo gajerun magunguna, marasa guba, da kuma ingantattun magunguna, da kuma kudade don kara kulawa da bincike.   Takardar da aka makala a takardar shaidar ta sami sa hannun mutane 55,000.   Tisile ta mika takardar ga Dr. Mario Raviglione, darektan sashen WHO na duniya kan tarin fuka, a taron Lafiya na Duniya a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Geneva a ranar 21 ga Mayu 2014.   Tisile ta halarci tarurruka da dama na duniya kan tarin fuka, ciki har da taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na biyu kan tarin fuka a shekarar 2023 da kuma taron Tarayyar Duniya kan Lafiyar Huhu a shekarar 2023. 

Tun daga shekarar 2015, aikin Tisile a matsayin Mataimakin Bincike kuma Jami'in Yaɗa Labarai a TB Proof ya mayar da hankali kan rage kyamar da mutanen da ke fama da TB ke fuskanta.  Tisile tana fafutukar ganin an gano cutar, a yi wa mutane magani na ɗan gajeren lokaci, a yi musu allurar riga-kafi, a kuma ba su magunguna masu ƙarancin illa, wanda hakan ya sa Afirka ta Kudu ta daina amfani da kanamycin.  Tana fafutukar ganin an ba da shawara mai kyau ga mutanen da ke fama da TB. Tisile ta san game da TB ne kawai daga kawuna waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin masu hakar ma'adinai a Johannesburg, kuma ta sami isasshen shawara daga likitoci game da magani da illolin magunguna.  Bincikenta ya binciki alaƙar da ke tsakanin tarin fuka, lafiyar kwakwalwa, da kuma amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi. 

Tisile ta yi kira ga marasa lafiya da su sami magungunan XDR-TB, ciki har da linezolid da bedaquiline . Maganin da Tisile ta samu ya dogara ne da linezolid, wanda ya yi tsada a Afirka ta Kudu, akan Yuro 35,000 (£27,760, US$47,323) ga kowane majiyyaci a cikin shekaru biyu, ba tare da haɗa sauran magunguna a cikin hadaddiyar giyar ba.   Wanda Pfizer ya mallaka, linezolid na gama gari bai samu ba a Afirka ta Kudu.   A watan Oktoban 2013, Tisile ta yi tattaki tare da masu fafutukar lafiya zuwa sashen kasuwanci da masana'antu a Pretoria don yin kira ga canje-canje ga dokokin haƙƙin mallaka na Afirka ta Kudu waɗanda za su faɗaɗa damar samun magunguna masu mahimmanci kamar linezolid ta hanyar magungunan jenerics. 

Tisile ta yi aiki don kara samun damar samun dama ga bedaquiline, wani magani na XDR-TB. Yin aiki tare da MSF, Tisile da Nandita Venkatesan sun gabatar da takarda tare da gwamnatin Indiya don hana Johnson &amp;amp; Johnson's (J & J) takardar shaidar sakandare a kan bedaquiline a cikin 2019. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2023, Indiya ta ki amincewa da takardar shaidar sakandare, wanda ya ba da damar wasu hanyoyin da za a yi amfani da su a Indiya bayan takardar shaidarsa ta ƙare a watan Yulin shekara ta 2023. Tisile ya ci gaba da tura J&J don ba da izinin gasa a duk duniya.

Tisile ta yi aiki don faɗaɗa damar samun ganewar asali cikin sauri ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa na Time for $5. 

## Kyaututtuka
A shekarar 2023, an nada Tisile a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Time100 Next tare da Nandita Venkatesan saboda aikinta na ƙara samun damar yin amfani da bedaquiline na gama gari. 

## Nassoshi