Julius Maada Bio

**Julius Maada Wonie Bio** (an haife shi ranar 12 ga watan Mayu, 1964) ɗan siyasa ne kuma tsohon soja daga ƙasar Saliyo wanda yake shugabancin ƙasar a matsayin shugaban ƙasa na 5 tun daga 4 ga Afrilu, 2018. Tsohon janar ne (Brigadier) a rundunar sojin Saliyo kuma ya shugabanci ƙasar a matsayin shugaban mulkin soja daga 16 ga Janairu, 1996 zuwa 29 ga Maris, 1996 a cikin gwamnatin soji mai suna *National Provisional Ruling Council (NPRC)*, yana da shekara 32 kawai a lokacin.

A matsayin shugaban soja, Bio ya mayar da mulki hannun farar hula ta hanyar mika mulki ga Ahmad Tejan Kabbah na jam’iyyar *Sierra Leone People’s Party (SLPP)*, bayan Kabbah ya lashe zaɓen shugaban ƙasa a shekarar 1996. Bayan ya yi murabus daga aikin soja a shekarar 1996, ya koma Amurka inda aka ba shi mafaka ta siyasa, kuma bai dawo Saliyo daga can ba sai a shekarar 2005.

Bio ya tsaya takara a matsayin ɗan takarar jam’iyyar SLPP a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 2012, amma ya sha kaye a hannun shugaba mai ci Ernest Bai Koroma. Ya sake tsayawa takara a 2018, inda ya doke Samura Kamara na jam’iyyar *All People’s Congress (APC)* mai mulki.

A matsayin shugaban ƙasa, Bio ya soke mafi yawan manufofin da Koroma ya shimfiɗa, yana zarginsa da cin hanci da rashawa da kuma almubazzaranci da dukiyar ƙasa. A watan Satumba 2023, an yi yunƙurin juyin mulki amma ya ci tura. Tsohon shugaban ƙasa Koroma an kama shi kuma an tuhume shi da cin amanar ƙasa, bisa zargin hannu a wannan yunƙuri.

A watan Agusta 2022, gwamnatin Bio ta fuskanci zanga-zangar tashin hankali saboda yadda ake tafiyar da tattalin arzikin ƙasa. Sai dai duk da haka, an sake zaɓensa a shekarar 2023, duk da cewa an samu tashin hankali da kuma ƙarancin gaskiya a ƙirga ƙuri’un da ya jawo damuwa daga masu sa ido na ƙasashen waje. A matsayin shugaban ƙasa, Bio ya kafa shirin ilimi kyauta daga matakin firamare zuwa sakandare, kuma ya soke hukuncin kisa a ƙasar.

## Rayuwa farko da Karatu
Julius Maada Wonie Bio an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Mayu 1964 a garin Tihun, a cikin masarautar Sogbini, gundumar Bonthe a Kudancin Saliyo. An haife shi shekaru uku bayan Saliyo ta samu ’yancin kai, a lokacin Firayim Minista Sir Albert Margai na SLPP. Bio ɗa ne na 33 cikin ’ya’ya 35 da mahaifinsa, Sarkin Sarakunan Sherbro Charlie Bio II ya haifa. Mahaifinsa yana da mata tara. An sanya masa sunan kakansa Julius Maada Wonie Bio wanda shi ma sarkin Sherbro ne a masarautar Sogbini. Bio ɗan kabilar Sherbro ne kuma mabiin addinin Katolika ne.

### Karatu
Ya fara karatun firamare a *Roman Catholic Primary School* a Tihun, sannan aka tura shi Pujehun ya zauna da ’yar uwarsa Agnes, malamar makaranta. Ya kammala firamare a *Holy Family Primary School* a Pujehun. Agnes ta saka shi makarantar *Bo Government Secondary School* (Bo School) a Bo, wadda sananniyar makaranta ce. Ya yi shekaru bakwai a can kuma ya zama shugaban ɗalibai kafin ya kammala da A-level a 1984 yana da shekara 20.

## Aikin Soja
Bayan ya kammala sakandare, Bio ya nemi shiga *Fourah Bay College* a 1985 yana da shekara 21, amma daga ƙarshe ya shiga makarantar soji ta *Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces* da ke Benguema. Ya yi horo a matsayin cadet ƙarƙashin Major Fallah Sewa.

Ya kammala makarantar soji a matsayin *Second Lieutenant* a Oktoba 1987 yana da shekara 23. Aiki na farko da ya samu shine a sansanin soja na Lungi, sannan aka tura shi Kambia don yaki da fasa ƙwauri. Daga baya ya sake dawowa Lungi don koyon aikin tsaro daga Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, kuma daga nan aka tura shi Benguema a matsayin *platoon commander*.

A 1990, Saliyo ta aika dakarunta don shiga ECOMOG a Liberiya. Bio da sauran dakarun Saliyo sun halarci wannan aikin zaman lafiya. A lokacin, ’yan gudun hijira daga Liberiya na zuwa Saliyo da yawa, kuma hakan ya shafi tsaron ƙasa da tattalin arziki.

Bayan shekara ɗaya, gwamnatin Saliyo ta mayar da su gida domin yaki da ’yan tawaye na RUF a yankin da ke iyaka da Liberiya. Su ne suka kafa sabuwar runduna da ta ƙunshi Bio, Valentine Strasser, Solomon Musa da sauransu.

### Juyin Mulkin 1992
A ranar 29 ga Afrilu 1992, Bio da wasu matasa sojoji sun hambarar da gwamnatin Joseph Saidu Momoh na APC. Sun kafa *National Provisional Ruling Council (NPRC)* kuma Valentine Strasser ya zama shugaban ƙasa.

Bio ya fara aiki a matsayin *Secretary of State South* a Bo, daga baya kuma aka maida shi Freetown a matsayin *Secretary of State for Information and Broadcasting*. An daga matsayin sa zuwa Captain. Daga nan, ya zama mataimakin shugaban NPRC bayan an kore S.A.J. Musa daga mukami.

### Juyin Mulki 1996
A 16 ga Janairu 1996, Bio ya jagoranci wani juyin mulki ya kifar da Strasser saboda rashin jituwa kan batun zaɓe da yaki da RUF. Bio ya samu goyon bayan manyan sojojin NPRC kamar Tom Nyuma, Komba Mondeh da sauransu. Strasser ya tsinci kansa a hannu sojojinsa da suka kamo shi da bindiga suka tura shi Conakry, Guinea a jirgin soji.

### Murabus
Bayan ya yi murabus daga soja, Bio ya koma Amurka, inda ya karanta *International Affairs* a *American University* da ke Washington DC, inda ya sami digiri na biyu. A 2001, ya sayi gida kusa da birnin Washington.

## Kamfani
Ya kuma kafa kamfanin *International Systems Science Corporation*, kamfani mai kula da zuba jari da bayar da shawarwari a Amurka.

## Manazarta