Manuel Sacristán

**Manuel Sacristán Luzón** (an haife shi a Madrid, 1925, ya mutu a Barcelona, 1985) masanin falsafa ne kuma marubucin Mutanen Espanya.

Sacristán, ɗan abokin haɗin gwiwar Francoist, ya koma Barcelona a 1940, bayan haka ya rayu mafi yawan rayuwarsa a cikin wannan birni. Ba da daɗewa ba ya zama memba na sashen matasa na Falange Española kuma ya yi karatun Shari'a da Falsafa a Jami'ar Barcelona, inda ya zama memba ne na sashen al'adu na Sindicato Español Universitario (ƙungiyar ɗaliban Falangist). Bayan wata hulɗa da wata kungiya ta Anarchist ta ɓoye, shi da 'yan uwansa biyu na Falangists sun guje su kuma sun tsananta musu da manyan jami'an SEU, wanda ya haifar da kashe kansa na ɗaya daga cikinsu da kuma takardar izinin mutuwa mara tasiri a kan Sacristán.

Daga baya ya koma Münster, a Westphalia (Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Jamus) don nazarin Mathematical Logic da Falsafar Kimiyya (1954-1956). Ya zama ba kawai mai tunani mai kyau ba, har ma da mai tunani na Marxist da kuma shugaban Kwaminisanci. Har ila yau a Barcelona, ya koyar a Faculties of Philosophy and Economics na Jami'ar Barcelona.

Ayyukansa na ilimi sun cika da matsaloli. Ayyukansa na siyasa sun kai shi ga jagorancin jam'iyyar Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) kuma yana da babban matsayi a cikin ƙungiyar jami'ar Catalonia. Saboda ra'ayoyinsa na Marxist, wanda ya rinjaye shi sosai bayan ya zauna a Jamus kuma wanda ya gabatar da shi zuwa Spain, an kore shi daga Jami'ar a shekarar 1965. A shekara ta 1966 ya shiga cikin kafa kungiyar daliban Democrat ta Barcelona . Ba sai bayan mutuwar Franco tare da maido da dimokuradiyya ba ne aka sake shigar da shi. Bayan ya jimre da wani lokaci mai zafi da wulakanci an nada shi farfesa a fannin ilimin kimiyyar zamantakewa a Jami'ar Barcelona. A lokacin shekara ta ilimi ta 1982-1983 ya koyar a Jami'ar National Autonomous ta Mexico . A Mexico ne ya sadu da María Ángeles Lizón, wanda bai taba rabuwa da shi ba har zuwa mutuwarsa.

Daga 1947 shi ne mahalicci da kuma motsawa a bayan wallafe-wallafen lokaci-lokaci daban-daban na yanayin siyasa da al'adu. Tare da Juan Carlos García-Borrón, ya gudanar da mujallar Qvadrante, ya kasance editan mujallar Laye da Quaderns de Cultura (mujallar PSUC ta karkashin kasa). Ya ba da umarni kuma ya haɗa kai a cikin Nous Horitzons, kuma a cikin 1977 ya kasance memba wanda ya kafa mujallar Materiales . A shekara ta 1979, tare da haɗin gwiwar Giulia Adinolfi, ya kafa sabuwar mujallar, Mientras Tanto . Wannan ya yi niyyar sake la'akari da akidar kwaminisanci-emancipationist ta hanyar masanin ilimin muhalli da kuma sukar mata da kuma cikin asalin Marxist matrix.

A duk rayuwarsa ya kasance mai aiki sosai a matsayin edita da mai fassara ga gidajen wallafe-wallafe daban-daban. Ya fassara fiye da ayyukan 80 daga marubuta da yawa: mafi mahimmanci Mario Bunge, Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Antonio Gramsci (wanda za'a iya ɗauka a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan nassoshin ilimi), Theodor W. Adorno, Karl Korsch, Lukács, Galvano Della Volpe, Galbraith, E. Fisher, Labriola, Marcuse, Ágnes Heller, G. Markus, da E. P. Thompson. Na musamman sha'awa tsakanin aikinsa a matsayin marubuci sune Introducción a la lógica y al análisis formal (Barcelona, Ariel, 1969) da kuma labarai da yawa da gajerun matani da aka tattara bayan mutuwarsa a cikin kundin Panfletos y materiales (Barcelone, Icaria, 1983-1985).

A shekara ta 1975 ya fara aikin buga wani muhimmin bugu a cikin Mutanen Espanya na cikakkun ayyukan Marx da Engels a cikin kundin 68, a ƙarƙashin alamar Editorial Grijalbo . Goma sha biyu ne kawai daga cikin kundin wannan aikin suka bayyana, daga cikinsu fassarorin Sacristán na Das *Kafinal*, littattafai 1 da 2, da Anti-Dühring. Sacristán ya kuma shirya kuma ya fassara tarihin Antonio Gramsci na matani a gidan wallafe-wallafen Siglo XXI . Ayyukansa na edita koyaushe suna da tushe ta hanyar dogon lokaci da kuma ci gaba da sadaukarwa ga bincike da koyarwa a fannonin falsafa, da kuma al'adu masu mahimmanci, da kuma sadaukar da shiga tsakani a cikin muhawara ta akida ta lokacinsa.

Tattaunawarsa ta farko tare da Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Spain (PCE) ta faru ne a lokacin zamansa na farko a Jamus. Ya kasance memba na ɓoye na hukumomin gudanarwa na PSUC da PCE, yana haɓaka shekaru da yawa na aiki na siyasa mai tsanani, a jami'a da kuma a fagen al'adu. Tun bayan rikicin Mayu 1968 (abin da ya faru a Mayu a Paris da mamayewar Soviet na Czechoslovakia), bambance-bambance da ya yi da layin hukuma na PCC da PSUC ya kai shi ga yin murabus daga kusan dukkanin mukamansa, kodayake ya kasance tare da jam'iyyar har zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1970. Sai a shekara ta 1979 ne ya bayyana a fili cewa ba ya cikin wata jam'iyya ta siyasa.

A shekara ta 1978 ya shiga Kwamitin Antinuclear na Catalonia kuma ya kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar masu zaman lafiya da masu adawa da NATO. Ya kuma kasance babban tasiri a cikin kafa Federación de Enseñanza, reshe na ilimi na Kungiyar kwadago ta Comisiones Obreras .

Har zuwa mutuwarsa, a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta 1985, yana da shekaru 59, Manuel Sacristán ya gudanar da gwagwarmayar ilimi da siyasa, ya zama daya daga cikin fitattun masana falsafar siyasa na Spain na karni na ashirin. 

## Bayanan littattafai
*Marxism na Manuel Sacristán: Daga Kwaminisanci zuwa Sabon Yunkurin Jama'a*, Manuel Sacristón . Renzo Llorente ne ya fassara kuma ya shirya shi, Leiden & Boston: Brill (2014) 

## Bayani