Carla Bley

**Carla Bley** (an haife ta a **Lovella May Borg** ; 11 ga Mayu, 1936 - 17 ga Oktoba, 2023) mawaƙiyar jazz ce ta Amurka, mai buga piano, mai kunna organ, kuma shugabar ƙungiyar mawaƙa.  Ta kasance muhimmiyar jaruma a cikin ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta jazz ta Amurka a shekarun 1960, ta sami yabo saboda wasan opera na jazz *Escalator over the Hill* (wanda aka fitar a matsayin saitin LP mai sau uku), da kuma littafin waƙoƙi waɗanda wasu mawaƙa da yawa suka rera, ciki har da Gary Burton, Jimmy Giuffre, George Russell, Art Farmer, Robert Wyatt, John Scofield, da tsohon mijinta Paul Bley . Ta kasance jagora a cikin haɓaka lakabin rikodin masu zaman kansu mallakar masu fasaha, kuma ta yi rikodin kundin waƙoƙi sama da dozin biyu tsakanin 1966 da 2019. 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Bley a Oakland, California, a shekarar 1936, ga iyayenta 'yan Sweden. Mahaifinta, Emil Borg, malamin piano kuma shugaban mawakan coci,   ya ƙarfafa ta ta rera waƙa da koyon buga piano; mahaifiyarta, Arline Anderson, ta mutu sakamakon bugun zuciya lokacin da Bley ke da shekaru takwas.  Bayan ta bar coci don ta nutse cikin wasan tsere a kan keken hawa a lokacin da take da shekaru goma sha huɗu,  ta ƙaura zuwa birnin New York tana da shekaru goma sha bakwai kuma ta zama ' yar sigari a Birdland, inda ta haɗu da mai buga piano na jazz Paul Bley, wanda ya ƙarfafa ta ta fara waƙa.  Ta yi yawon shakatawa tare da shi da sunan Karen Borg kafin ta canza sunanta a shekarar 1957 zuwa Carla Borg. Ta auri Bley kuma ta ɗauki sunansa a wannan shekarar,  daga baya ta sake shi.  Ta ci gaba da riƙe sunan mahaifinta a sana'a. 

## Sana'a
Wasu mawaka sun fara yin rikodin waƙoƙin Bley: George Russell ya yi rikodin "Bent Eagle" don kundin wakokinsa Stratusphunk a shekarar 1960; [1] Jimmy Giuffre ya yi rikodin "Ictus" a cikin kundin wakokinsa Thesis ; [2] kuma Paul Bley's Barrage ya ƙunshi waƙoƙinta gaba ɗaya. [3] A cikin aikinta, Bley ta fara tunanin kanta a matsayin marubuciya, tana kwatanta kanta a matsayin mai rubuta waƙa kashi 99 cikin ɗari da kuma mai buga piano kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari.

A shekarar 1964, ta shiga cikin shirya ƙungiyar Jazz Composers Guild,  wadda ta haɗa mawaƙa mafi ƙirƙira a New York a lokacin.  Daga nan ta yi alaƙa ta sirri da ta ƙwararru da Michael Mantler, wanda ta haifi 'ya mace, Karen Mantler, wacce ita ma ta zama mawaƙiya.  Bley da Mantler sun yi aure daga 1965  zuwa 1991. Tare da Mantler, ta haɗu da jagorancin Jazz Composers' Orchestra kuma ta fara kamfanin rikodin JCOA wanda ya fitar da rikodin tarihi da dama daga Clifford Thornton, Don Cherry, da Roswell Rudd, da kuma magnum opus *Escalator Over The Hill* da Mantler's *The Jazz Composer's Orchestra* LPs.  Bley da Mantler sun kasance majagaba a fannin haɓaka kamfanonin rikodin masu zaman kansu mallakar masu fasaha, kuma sun fara WATT Records da kuma New Music Distribution Service da yanzu ta daina aiki, wanda ya ƙware a ƙananan kamfanonin rikodi masu zaman kansu waɗanda ke fitar da rikodin "kiɗan da aka inganta ta hanyar ƙirƙira". 

## Daga baya rayuwa da mutuwa
Bley ta ci gaba da yin rikodi akai-akai tare da babbar ƙungiyar mawaka, waɗanda suka haɗa da Lew Soloff daga Blood, Sweat &amp;amp; Tears, da kuma wasu ƙananan ƙungiyoyi, musamman Lost Chords. 

Bayan auren Bley da Mantler ya ƙare, ta fara soyayya da ɗan wasan bass Steve Swallow . 

A shekarar 2005, ta shirya waƙar kuma ta yi wasa a sabon rangadin Charlie Haden na Liberation Music Orchestra da kuma rikodinta, *Not in Our Name* .

### MANAZARTA