Janie Porter Barrett

**Janie Porter Barrett** ( née **Porter** ; 9 ga Agusta, 1865 - 27 ga Agusta, 1948) ta kasance ma'aikaciyar gyaran zamantakewa ta Amurka, mai ilimi da kuma ma'aikaciyar jin daɗi . Ta kafa Makarantar Masana'antu ta Virginia don 'Yan Mata Masu Launi, cibiyar gyarawa ta farko ga mata 'yan Afirka-Amurkawa "masu laifi". Ita ce kuma ta kafa Ƙungiyar Kulab ɗin Mata Masu Launi ta Jihar Virginia. 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Barrett a Athens, Georgia, a ranar 9 ga Agusta, 1865.  Mahaifiyarta Julia tsohuwar baiwa ce.  Ba a san sunan mahaifin Barrett ba; duk da haka, ana tsammanin ɗan asalin Caucasian ne saboda launin fatar Barrett mai haske. 

Skinners, dangin Caucasian, sun ɗauki mahaifiyar Barrett aiki a matsayin mai kula da gida da kuma mai dinki . Skinners sun kula da Barrett kuma sun ilmantar da ita tare da 'ya'yansu.  Baya ga samun ilimin adabi da lissafi, Barrett ta kasance tare da mutane masu hazaka da ƙwarewa. Yarintarta ba ta da alaƙa da al'ummar Baƙar fata ta wancan lokacin. 

Mahaifiyar Barrett ta auri wani ma'aikacin jirgin ƙasa kuma ta zauna tare da shi yayin da take aiki a Skinners, amma Barrett ta ci gaba da zama tare da Skinners. Mrs. Skinner tana son zama mai kula da ita ta hanyar doka domin ta aika Barrett zuwa wata makaranta a arewacin Amurka, inda Barrett za ta iya zama farar fata. Julia ta yi watsi da wannan shirin ta kuma aika Barrett zuwa Cibiyar Hampton da ke Hampton, Virginia, inda za ta zauna a matsayin baƙar fata a cikin muhallin baƙar fata. 

Barrett ba ta taɓa zama a tsakanin Baƙar fata 'yan Amurka ba kafin ta halarci Cibiyar Hampton. Haka kuma dole ta yi aikin hannu a karon farko a Cibiyar. Hampton ta fi mai da hankali kan ilimin sana'a, kuma an horar da mata a kan ɗabi'a da kula da gida don shirya musu aiki a matsayin mata ko 'yan gida. A hankali Barrett ta saba da tsarin Cibiyar, kuma wani labari ya yi mata tasiri musamman game da wata mace mai al'adu da fa'ida irinta wadda ta sadaukar da rayuwarta ga hidimar zamantakewa. Yayin da take Hampton, ta fara yin aikin sa kai don ayyukan al'umma da ke taimaka wa mutane.  Barrett ta horar a matsayin malamar makarantar firamare a Cibiyar. Cibiyar ta koyar da darussanta "cikin ƙaunar launin fata, ƙaunar 'yan'uwa maza, da ƙaunar ƙasa," inda ta koya mata dabi'u masu tausayi da kishin ƙasa, da kuma jin nauyin da ya rataya a wuyanta ga launin fatarta. 

## Sana'a
Barrett ta kammala karatunta daga Cibiyar Hampton a shekarar 1885. Ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta a wata makarantar karkara a Dawson, Georgia, sannan ta yi aiki a Cibiyar Haines Normal and Industrial Institute da ke Augusta, Georgia ta Lucy Craft Laney.  Ta koyar da azuzuwan makarantar dare a Cibiyar Hampton daga 1886 zuwa 1889. A shekarar 1889, ta auri Harris Barrett, mai kula da asusun kuma mai kula da asusun Cibiyar. Suna da 'ya'ya huɗu. 

### Matsugunin zamantakewa na Titin Locust
Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ta yi aure, Barrett ta fara gudanar da aikin kula da yara da kuma azuzuwan dinki na yau da kullun a gidanta da ke Hampton. Ajin ya girma cikin sauri zuwa kulob wanda ke ƙoƙarin inganta rayuwar gida da ta al'umma. An tsara shi a hukumance a matsayin Locust Street Social Settlement a watan Oktoban 1890. Ita ce ƙungiyar farko ta 'yan Afirka ta Amurka da ke zaune a Amurka. 

A shekarar 1902, Barretts sun gina wani gini daban a kan kadarorinsu don ɗaukar nauyin ayyukan da suka shafi Matsugunin, waɗanda suka haɗa da kulab, nishaɗi, da azuzuwan koyon sana'o'in gida. Sun sami taimako daga ɗaliban Cibiyar Hampton da malamai, waɗanda suka kuma sami masu ba da agaji da yawa - waɗanda galibinsu daga arewacin Amurka ne - don ba da kuɗin matsugunin.  Zuwa shekarar 1909, matsugunin ya ƙunshi kulab na yara, mata, da tsofaffi. Kwamitoci sun kula da waɗannan kulab ɗin, kuma Barrett ta mai da hankali kan manyan taruka na shekara-shekara. 

### Makarantar Masana'antu ta Virginia don 'Yan Mata Masu Launi
 
A shekarar 1908, Barrett ya taimaka wajen tsara abubuwa, kuma shi ne shugaban farko na,  Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Mata Masu Launi ta Jihar Virginia. Ƙungiyar ta tsunduma cikin ayyuka daban-daban na zamantakewa. Ta taimaka wajen samar da muhallin da ya dace da yara, maimakon a sanya su a cibiyoyi kamar gidajen yari da gidajen sadaka. 

Shekaru da dama bayan 1911, Tarayyar ta tara kuɗi a hankali don kafa makarantar masana'antu ta zama ta zama ga yawancin 'yan mata 'yan Afirka-Amurka da ake tura su gidan yari. Sun yi shirin biyan cikakken kuɗin fili bayan shekaru biyar na tara kuɗi. Duk da haka, a cikin 1914, Barrett ta karanta a wata jarida cewa an yanke wa wata yarinya 'yar shekara takwas hukuncin ɗaurin watanni shida a gidan yari, kuma nan take ta roƙi alkalin da ke Newport News, Virginia, da ya aika yarinyar zuwa gidan marayu na Weaver da ke Hampton, inda Barrett ke zaune a lokacin. Alkalin ya saki yarinyar ba tare da son rai ba. Tarayyar ta tara dala 5,300 cikin sauri ta sayi gona mai nisan    a gundumar Hanover, Virginia, kuma sun yi hayar cibiyarsu. 

Cibiyar cibiyar gyara tarbiyya ce ga ƙananan yara mata 'yan Afirka-Amurkawa kuma an kira ta da Gidan Masana'antu na 'Yan Mata Masu Wuya. An buɗe ta a watan Janairun 1915 tare da ɗalibai 28.  Bayan an sauya suna da yawa, cibiyar ta zama sananne da Makarantar Masana'antu ta Virginia don 'Yan Mata Masu Launi.  Tare da shawarwari daga fitattun ma'aikatan zamantakewa da yawa kuma musamman daga Gidauniyar Russell Sage, makarantar ta ƙirƙiro wani shiri wanda ya jaddada dogaro da kai da kuma ladabi. Makarantar tana da koyarwar ilimi da sana'a, lada mai bayyane, jagorar "babban 'yar'uwa", da kuma kulawa sosai ga buƙatun mutum ɗaya. 

A shekarun 1915 da 1916, Majalisar Virginia ta ware ƙarin kuɗi don makarantar, kuma an naɗa Barrett a matsayin sakatare na kwamitin amintattu. Harris Barrett ya mutu a wannan lokacin. Barrett ta kuma ƙi tayin aiki a matsayin shugabar mata a Cibiyar Tuskegee . Ta zama shugabar makarantar Masana'antu.  Ɗaya daga cikin abokan aikinta a makarantar ita ce mai ra'ayin mazan jiya kuma mai fafutuka Mary-Cooke Branch Munford, wacce ta taimaka wajen ƙirƙirarta. 

Barrett ta shiga cikin dukkan fannoni na shirin Makarantar Masana'antu. Ita da kanta ta jagoranci tsarin sallamar yara, wanda aka sanya 'yan mata waɗanda suka nuna isassun nauyi a gidajen renon yara da aka zaɓa da kyau. Waɗannan 'yan matan kuma an ba su ayyuka kuma an tallafa musu da ayyukan bibiya kamar jagorancin minista, wasiƙar labarai mai suna *The Booster* da wasiƙun sirri.  Makarantar tana aiki ne bisa tsarin girmamawa kuma ba ta amfani da horon jiki ba.  Wani abu na musamman na aikin Barrett shine cewa kowane mazaunin yana da asusun banki nasa, don haka bayan an sallame shi, kowane mazaunin yana da wasu kuɗi da zai tafi da su. 

Barrett ta yi fice a matsayinta na ɗalibi a makarantar. Yarintarta ta taimaka mata wajen mu'amala da mata fararen fata masu mahimmanci a zamantakewa waɗanda ke da iko a kan hukumar kula da aminci kuma waɗanda suka sami damar rinjayar 'yan majalisar jiha don samun kuɗaɗen da suka dace don makarantar. Ta ce: "Kun san ba za mu iya yin aikin jin daɗin zamantakewa mafi kyau ba sai dai idan, kamar yadda yake a wannan makarantar, kabilun biyu sun yi shi tare." An girmama ta sosai har ta iya buƙatar cewa ɗaliban Caucasian da za su yi aiki tare su yi musu mu'amala da mutane. 

Duk da cewa Makarantar Masana'antu tana ƙarƙashin kulawar Barrett a farkon shekarun 1920, Gidauniyar Russell Sage ta sanya ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun makarantu biyar a Amurka. A lokacin, ɗaliban da suka yi rajista sun kai kimanin 100.  Makarantar ta zama misali irinta, tare da nasarar gyaran fuska ga matasa mata waɗanda suka sami damar samun aiki da kuma yin aure bayan an sake su. An san makarantar musamman da haɓɓaka ɗabi'u da ɗabi'u. 

A shekarar 1920, jihar Virginia ta ɗauki nauyin kuɗin makarantar. Jihar da Tarayyar sun raba kula da makarantar har zuwa 1942, lokacin da Ma'aikatar Jin Daɗi da Cibiyoyi ta Virginia kaɗai ta sami kulawarta. 

### Karin nasarori
A shekarar 1929, Barrett ta sami kyautar William E. Harmon don Nasara Mai Kyau Tsakanin 'Yan Kabilar Baƙi. A shekarar 1930, ta shiga taron Fadar White House kan Lafiyar Yara da Kare su. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Mata Masu Launi ta Jihar Virginia na tsawon shekaru ashirin da biyar. Ta jagoranci kwamitin zartarwa na Ƙungiyar Mata Masu Launi ta Ƙasa na tsawon shekaru huɗu.

## Mutuwa da gado
Barrett ta yi ritaya a shekarar 1940. Ta mutu a Hampton a ranar 27 ga Agusta, 1948. 

A shekarar 1950, an sake wa makarantar horar da Barrett suna zuwa Makarantar 'Yan Mata ta Janie Porter Barrett. An haɗa ta da launin fata a shekarar 1965. Makarantar Masana'antu ta Virginia ta kasance a matsayin Cibiyar Koyo ta Barrett har zuwa 2005.

An saka hoton Barrett a cikin zanen 1945 na Women Builders wanda William H. Johnson ya zana a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirinsa na *Fighters for Freedom* .  

## Manazarta