open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Dayse Oliveira

**Dayse Oliveira** (an haife ta a ranar 31 ga Mayu 1966, Rio de Janeiro ) malamar makaranta ce kuma mai fafutukar gurguzu ta ƙasar Brazil, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin Baƙar fata a Rio de Janeiro. Ta kasance 'yar takarar mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa a Jam'iyyar Ma'aikata ta Haɗin Kan Jama'a (PSTU) a shekarar 2002, tare da José Maria de Almeida a matsayin ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa.

Da farko Oliveira mai fafutuka ce a cikin Jam'iyyar Ma'aikata (PT), tana da alaƙa da ƙungiyar ' yan gurguzu ta Brazil kuma a lokacin tana da alaƙa da PT  . Bayan da aka kori Jam'iyyar Socialist Convergence daga jam'iyyar saboda goyon bayan ƙungiyar *Fora Collor* don tsige tsohon shugaban ƙasa Fernando Collor, har ta kai ga kiran sabon zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da kuma tsayawa takara ba tare da yardar babban jam'iyyar PT ba, Oliveira ta shiga PSTU. Ita ce kuma wadda ta kafa ƙungiyar Sindicato Estadual dos Profissionais de Educação do Rio de Janeiro (SEPE-RJ), wata ƙungiya a jihar Rio de Janeiro da ke wakiltar malamai da sauran ma'aikata a fannin ilimi. A halin yanzu tana cikin Sakataren Jinsi da Yaƙi da Kishin 'Yan Luwadi.

Oliveira ita ce 'yar takarar mataimakin shugaban ƙasa ta PSTU, tare da José Maria de Almeida a matsayin ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa, a lokacin zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 2002. Ta yi takarar shugaban ƙasa da ƙuri'u 402,236, kuma ba ta shiga zagaye na biyu ba. Daga nan ta yi takarar magajin gari a birnin São Gonçalo a 2004, inda ta sami ƙuri'u 6,723, sannan kuma a 2012, inda ta sami ƙuri'u 2,576. Ita ce 'yar takarar PSTU ta sanata a jihar Rio de Janeiro a 2006, inda ta sami ƙuri'u 31,875. A 2014, ta yi takarar gwamna a jihar Rio de Janeiro kuma ta sami ƙuri'u 33,442. A zagaye na biyu, ta ƙi goyon bayan ɗayan ɗan takarar, Luiz Fernando Pezão ko Marcelo Crivella, kuma ta jefa ƙuri'a mara amfani don zaɓen zagaye na biyu. Ta sake tsayawa takarar gwamna a 2018, inda Cyro Garcia da Samantha Guedes suka zama 'yan takarar PSTU a wannan shekarar. [1] Oliveira ta samu ƙuri'u 17,499. [2]

Oliveira a halin yanzu malamin tarihi ne a São Gonçalo kuma malamin makarantar firamare ne a Niterói, tare da duka mukamai biyu suna cikin makarantun gwamnati.

## Manazarta
Elvira Boni

**Elvira Boni de Lacerda** ( Espírito Santo do Pinhal, 1899 - Rio de Janeiro, 1990) ƙwararriyar mai fafutukar siyasa ce kuma shugabar yajin aiki.  Ta bayyana kanta a matsayin "mace ta ƙarni na ƙarshe". Ita 'yar baƙi 'yan Italiya ne daga Cremona,  Angelo Boni da Tercila Aciratti Boni. Ta fara haɗuwa da ra'ayoyin gurguzu a gida, tare da mahaifinta wanda ma'aikacin ƙarfe ne, da 'yan'uwanta. Tana da shekaru takwas, ta ƙaura tare da iyalinta zuwa birnin Rio de Janeiro a unguwar Cordovil .  Dole ne Elvira ta bar makaranta don kula da ɗaya daga cikin 'yan'uwanta waɗanda suka yi rashin lafiya, don haka, ba su kammala makarantar firamare ba. Tana da shekaru 12, ta fara aiki a matsayin mai koyon aiki a wani wurin dinki.  Ta auri Olgier Lacerda, ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Brazil (PCB), inda ta kuma shiga cikin ayyukanta, amma ba tare da shiga ba. 

A cikin 1909, sakamakon yaduwar ra'ayoyin anarchist, an kafa kungiyar Anticlerical League a babban birnin tarayya na lokacin. Kungiyar ta gudanar da aiki mai tsanani, gami da kamfen ɗin da ake kira "Ina Idalina?", wanda ya ɗauki shekaru biyu, yana zargin Uba Faustino Consoni game da fyade da mutuwar Idalina de Oliveira, ƙarami. A tsakiyar duk wannan tashin hankali, Elvira ta fara cikin ƙungiyar kwadago da rayuwar siyasa.

Bayan ta wuce wasu bita na sutura, Elvira dole ne ta yanke shawara tsakanin kafa nata kasuwanci ko yin aikin ƙungiyar - sannan ta yanke shawara kan aikin ƙungiyar. A watan Mayu 1919, ta kafa,  tare da wasu masu sana'a, Union of Seamstresses, Hatters and Associated Classes, don inganta yajin aiki mai nasara ga bangaren. 

## Iyali da farkon shekarunsa
An haifi Elvira a shekara ta 1899 a Espirito Santo do Pinhal, 'yar Baƙi na Italiya daga Cremona,  Angelo Boni da Tercila Aciratti Boni . Ta fara hulɗa da ra'ayoyin gurguzu a gida  tare da mahaifinta wanda ma'aikacin ƙarfe ne. A lokacin da take da shekaru takwas, ta koma tare da iyalinta zuwa birnin Rio de Janeiro a unguwar Cordovil .  Saboda rashin lafiya da daya daga cikin 'yan uwanta ya kamu da shi, Elvira ta bar makaranta kuma, a sakamakon haka, ba ta kammala makarantar firamare ba.

Elvira koyaushe tana da hulɗa kai tsaye tare da sutura, lokacin da take ƙarama tana kallon mahaifiyarta tana sutura a kan na'urar hannu kai tsaye daga Italiya. Ba da daɗewa ba, mahaifinta ya gabatar da su da mafi kyawun na'ura a lokacin, majalisar Singer.[1] A lokacin da take da shekaru 12 ta fara aiki a matsayin mai koyo a cikin bita na sutura.[2] Don haka, a shekara 17, 18, Elvira ta riga ta saƙa kanta da 'yan uwanta mata. Saƙa a wannan lokacin ya fito ne a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukan da mata da ke da yara, amma suna buƙatar aiki a gida.[1]

Ta girma a cikin gida tare da nuna bambanci,  mahaifinta, Angelo, ya kusanci anarchism godiya ga abota da aka yi da mai yin takalma na Mutanen Espanya mai suna Francisco Carrillo da kuma ɗan Italiya mai suna Stefano Guacchi, wanda ya tattauna da dukan dare game da labaran da ya karanta a cikin Jaridu na Italiya.  Wadannan abokai ne ke da alhakin gabatar da Angelo ga 'Dante Alighieri Socialist Circle' da aka kafa a Pinhal.

## Manazarta
George Challis (mai wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Australiya)

**George David Challis** (9 ga Fabrairu 1891 - 15 ga Yulin 1916) ya kasance Dan wasan kwallon kafa na Australiya wanda ya buga wa Carlton a cikin Victoria Football League (VFL) a farkon shekarun 1910.

## Iyali
An haifi ɗan Michael Charles Challis (1865-1928),  da Margaret Challis (1868-1943), née McGregor,  George David Challis a Cleveland a Arewacin Midlands na Tasmania a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu 1891.

Shi ne babban kawun Levi Casboult.

## Ilimi
Ya halarci makarantar Launceston Church Grammar School.

## Kwallon ƙafa
Challis dan Tasmanian ne kuma ya fara aikinsa a Launceston, inda ya kasance dan wasan firaminista a 1909 kuma wakilin NTFA na yau da kullun a Gasar Zakarun Jiha. Ya kuma wakilci Tasmania a 1911 Adelaide Carnival, yana shiga cikin shahararren nasarar da suka samu a kan Yammacin Australia. A wannan lokacin ya taka leda galibi a matsayin rabin gaba ko mai tafiya amma lokacin da aka ja shi zuwa Carlton a 1912 nan da nan ya kafa kansa a matsayin mai tsakiya. A wannan matsayi ne ya fito a cikin ƙungiyar firaministan Carlton ta 1915.

Ya kusan rasa damar lashe firaministan kamar yadda ya yi ƙoƙari ya shiga soja a farkon kakar, sai kawai ya ƙi shi saboda yatsunsa sun mamaye.

## Hall of Fame
An kafa Gidan Fasaha na Kwallon Kafa na Tasmania a shekara ta 2005; kuma daga cikin duk waɗanda suka buga kwallon kafa a Tasmania sama da ƙarni ɗaya, Challis na ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin 'yan wasa 130 da aka zaba don kasancewa a cikin jerin farko na waɗanda aka shigar.

## Ayyukan soja
Malami ne ta hanyar sana'a, kuma mai himma Esperantist,  daga ƙarshe an sanya hannu kuma ya yi aiki tare da 58th Infantry Battalion a Yammacin Gabas.

## Mutuwa
Challis, a lokacin Sergeant, an kashe shi a cikin aiki, a ranar 15 ga Yuli 1916,  lokacin da wani harsashi mai nauyi na Jamus ya sauka a cikin rami a Armentières, Faransa. 

An binne shi a Kabarin Soja na Rue-du-Bois, a Pétillon, kusa da Fleurbaix, a Faransa.

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin 'yan wasan Victoria Football League da suka mutu a kan aiki
* 1911 Carnival na Adelaide

## Manazarta
Critola

**Critola** (Girkanci na dā: , ta bunƙasa 550 BC) yar gimbiya ce ta Girka ta Libya ta Cyrenaica da babban birninta Cyrene kuma memba ne na Daular Battiad . 

Ita 'yar Arcesilaus I ce, sarki na biyu na Cyrenaica, yayin da ba a san mahaifiyarta ba. Kakan mahaifinta shine Battus I, sarki na farko na Cyrene, kuma ɗan'uwanta Battus II zai zama sarki na Cyrene na gaba.[1] Critola ita ce mahaifiyar mahaifiyar sarki na Cyrene na gaba Arcesilaus II.

Ba a san komai game da Critola ba. A cewar Plutarch, an san ta da babban mutuntaka kuma duk 'yan ƙasa suna girmama ta sosai. Critola ta auri wani dan Girka mai daraja na Cyrenean, duk da haka ba a san sunansa ba. Ɗanta na farko ɗa ne mai suna Polyarchus kuma ƙaramin ɗanta shi ne 'yarta kaɗai mai suna Eryxo .  Plutarch ta bayyana cewa Critola da mijinta suna da wasu 'ya'ya maza, duk da haka masanin tarihi bai ambaci sunayensu ba. Eryxo za ta zama Sarauniyar Cyrene ta gaba kuma za ta zama mahaifiyar Sarkin Cyrene na gaba Battus III. 

Learchus, abokin hamayya ga dan uwanta Arcesilaus II ya kashe mijinta a kusa da 550 BC. Mijin Critola ya mutu ba da daɗewa ba kafin Eryxo da Polyarchus suka yi makirci don kashe Learchus, wanda shi ma ya kashe Arcesilaus II. Bayan an kashe Learchus, Polyarchus ya ayyana jikanta Battus III a matsayin sarki. 

Critola ta goyi bayan Polyarchus wanda ya yi tafiya don neman gafara ga Fir'auna Amasis II na Masar don ceton Cyrenaica. Plutarch ta bayyana cewa har yanzu tana da rai lokacin da Battus III (ya yi sarauta 550 BC-530 BC) ya zama sarki kuma ya bayyana cewa ta tsohuwa ce.

## Tushen

* Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology: Abaeus-Dysponteus, edited by Sir William Smith
* Plutarch, Moralia, p531 Jaruntaka ta Mata, (Sashe na 2 na 2)

## Manazarta
Berenice (Oxyrhynchus)

**Berenice** (karni na 1 - ƙarni na 2 AD) ta kasance mai sayar da ruwan inibi a Masar ta Roma.

Tana ɗaya daga cikin mutanen da aka tabbatar a cikin sanannen Oxyrhynchus Papyri, kuma ta kasance batun binciken kimiyya. An tabbatar da ita daga papyri daga 90 AD, 106 AD da 109. Ta auri mai sayar da ruwan inabi mai arziki Pasion na Oxyrhynchus .  A lokacin ko bayan aurenta, ta kasance mai aiki a matsayin mai cinikin ruwan inabi mai cin nasara. Ta kasance mai karatu da kuma mai arziki.[2] An san ta da tsarin da aka rubuta a kan abokin kasuwancin ta, mai sayar da ruwan inabi Apion . [3]

## Manazarta
Erika Kokay

**Erika Jucá Kokay** (an haife ta a ranar 15 ga Agusta 1957) 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Brazil. Duk da cewa an haife ta a Ceará, ta shafe aikinta na siyasa tana wakiltar Gundumar Tarayya, bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin wakiliyar jiha tun daga shekarar 2011. 

## Rayuwa ta mutum
An haifi Kokay ga Lojos Ferenz Kokay da Maria do Perpétuo Socorro Jucá .  Kafin ya zama ɗan siyasa Kokay ya yi aiki a matsayin mai banki. Kokay ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa tun 1992, kuma memba ne kuma tsohon shugaban kungiyar kwadago ta Central Única dos Trabalhadores . 

## Ayyukan siyasa
Kokay ya kada kuri'a a kan yunkurin tsige shugaban kasar Dilma Rousseff na lokacin. Kokay ta kada kuri'a a kan sake fasalin ma'aikata na Brazil na 2017, kuma za ta kada kuriʼa don amincewa da binciken cin hanci da rashawa a kan magajin Rousseff Michel Temer.

Kokay yana adawa da dokar makarantar da ba ta da jam'iyya, yana mai cewa zai iyakance 'yancin magana a cikin tsarin ilimi kuma ya sa ɗalibai "maƙiyan al'umma".[1] Kokay ya goyi bayan Hukumar Gaskiya ta Kasa wacce ke binciken laifuka da mulkin kama-karya na soja ya aikata a Brazil daga 1946 zuwa 1988.[2] Ita mai goyon bayan haƙƙin LGBT ce, wanda shine babban jigon yakin neman zabe na 2018 . [3][4]

An bincika ta a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2019 saboda zargin yin amfani da kudade ba daidai ba bayan ta nemi a bincika daya daga cikin takwarorinta, Kokay ta yi iƙirarin cewa ana binciken ta ne don ramawa kuma tana da "cikakken kwanciyar hankali" game da sakamakon da zai yiwu.

A shekara ta 2022, an sake zabar ta a karo na huɗu a matsayin Mataimakin Tarayya na Gundumar Tarayya. 

## Manazarta
Garin Kyauktaga

**Kyauktaga Township** (Burmese: ကျောက်တံခါးမြို့နယ်) ƙauyen ne a gundumar Nyaunglebin a cikin yankin Bago na ƙasar Burma (Myanmar).  Babban garin shine Kyauktaga, kuma Penwegon (ko Penwegone) shine babban gari.  Dukansu suna kan babbar hanyar Bago-Taungoo da layin dogo.

## Tarihi
Daga samun 'yancin Myanmar a 1948 zuwa 1975, Kyauktaga Township ya kasance sansani ga kungiyoyi biyu daban-daban: Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Burma da sojojin adawa na Karen.

### Yaƙin basasar Myanmar (2021-yanzu)
A ranar 7 ga Yuni 2023, Manjo Nay Lin Oo, memba na majalisar soja ta gari, da Thura, mai kula da ƙauyen, suna hawa babur tare lokacin da Sojojin Tsaro na Yankin Bago suka harbe su.

A watan Agustan 2023, garin ya zama wurin gwagwarmaya tsakanin rundunar soja da sojojin da ke adawa da rundunar. A ƙarshen watan Disamba, ƙungiyoyin adawa sun fara kai hari hedkwatar Light Infantry Battalion 308 kusa da garin Penwegon.

## Garuruwa a cikin Kyauktaga Township
Garin Kyauktaga ya ƙunshi garuruwa masu zuwa:

* Kyauktaga
* Penwegon
* Hpa Do
* Taw Kywe Inn

## Al'ummomi
Kyauktaga Township ya kasu kashi 13 da kuma ƙauyuka 47 waɗanda suka ƙunshi ƙauyuka 283.

## Shahararren mazaunin

* Bo Hmu Aung (1910-2004), memba na Abokan talatin

## Bayani
Chichi Eburu

**Chichi Eburu** yar kasuwa ce ta Najeriya-Amurka kuma wadda ta kafa Juvia's Place, alamar kayan shafawa da aka yi bikin saboda yawan samfuran da aka tsara don sauyin fata mai zurfi. Eburu ta ƙaddamar da kamfanin tare da $ 2,000 kawai a cikin 2016 kuma ta jagoranta ci gabanta zuwa alamar kyakkyawa ta duniya tare da miliyoyin mabiya da kasancewar manyan 'yan kasuwa.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Eburu a Najeriya kuma daga baya ta koma Amurka. Yayinda take girma, ba ta ga mata masu zurfin launin fata da aka wakilta a cikin kafofin watsa labarai masu kyau, wanda ya tsara fahimtar ta game da ƙa'idodin kyawawan abubuwa.

## Ayyuka
A cikin 2016, Eburu ta ƙaddamar da Juvia's Place tare da $ 2,000 kawai da goyon bayan al'ummarta. Ta fara ne ta hanyar sayar da kayan ado daga gidanta yayin da take kiwon kananan yara biyu. Ta kirkiro kwamitin hangen nesa wanda sarakunan Afirka da shugabannin suka yi wahayi zuwa gare ta don ci hada da mai da hankali kan burinta na kyau. Sunan alama ya haɗu da sunayen 'ya'yanta, Juwa da Olivia. Samfurin ta na farko, "The Nubian" eyeshadow palette, ya ƙunshi tsari mai kyau da marufi wanda Sarauniya Nefertiti ta yi wahayi zuwa gare shi. An sayar da palette da sauri kuma ya sami kulawa ta yanar gizo.

## Ci gaban kasuwanci
Bayan nasarar farko, Juvia's Place ta fadada layin samfurinsa don haɗawa da tushe, lipsticks, highlighters, skincare da sauran Kayan shafawa. Alamar ta zama sananniya don bayar da inuwa 42 na tushe don yin hidima ga nau'ikan launin fata. Ta sami matsayi tare da manyan 'yan kasuwa kamar Ulta Beauty a Amurka da Superdrug a Burtaniya kuma ta haɓaka manyan kafofin watsa labarun masu biyo baya.[1][2]

## Falsafar alama
Eburu ta ce Al'adun Afirka, gami da masu zane-zane da sarakuna, sun zama wahayi ga hangen nesa. Ta jaddada cewa kayan shafa ya kamata ya nuna wadatar al'adu, ainihi, da tarihi. Tana ƙarfafa nuna launi mai ƙarfin zuciya yayin da take tallafawa hada kai da ikon kai.

## Shirye-shiryen taimakon jama'a da tallafi
A watan Agustan 2020, Eburu ta ƙaddamar da shirin tallafi ta hanyar Juvia's Place tana ba da tallafi shida na $ 50,000 kowannensu, jimlar $ 300,000, ga kasuwancin Black-owned na Amurka. Shirin ya yi niyyar magance bambancin kudade da 'yan kasuwa baƙar fata suka fuskanta.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Eburu mahaifiyar yara biyu ce, kuma an sanya sunan Juvia's Place don girmama 'ya'yanta Juwa da Olivia. Gabaɗaya tana ɓoye rayuwarta, amma ta yaba da goyon bayan iyalinta a matsayin babban abin da ya ga nasarar ta.

## Manazarta
Rita Oyoku

**Rita Oyoku** (an haife ta ne a ranar 24 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1977) 'yar Najeriya ce mai ba da agaji, kuma mai ba da gudummawa. Tana aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan Kasuwanci da Zuba Jamhuriyar Vanuatu zuwa Najeriya, tare da umarni don inganta cinikayya da dangantakar tattalin arziki tsakanin kasashen biyu tun daga watan Fabrairun 2023. 

## Ilimi
An haifi Rita Oyoku a Jihar Delta, Najeriya . Ta kammala karatun firamare a Makarantar Yara ta Sojoji, Ikeja Cantonment a Legas (1983-1989). Daga nan ta halarci Kwalejin Hopebay a Legas (1990-1995). Ta bi ilimi mafi girma a Kasuwancin Kasuwanci a Makarantar Ilimi ta Gudanarwa ta London, Burtaniya, tsakanin 2009 da 2011. 

## Ayyuka
A cikin 2013, Oyoku ta kafa Gidauniyar Rita Oyoku, ƙungiyar da ba ta da riba da ke mai da hankali kan karfafa al'ummomi ta hanyar ilimi, kiwon lafiya, da shirye-shiryen ci gaban zamantakewa a Najeriya da bayan haka. A cikin 2016, ta ƙaddamar da shirin Global Harmony Envoy International Initiative don magance tushen abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙaura mara kyau ta hanyar karfafa tattalin arziki, hanyoyin motsi na doka, da haɗin gwiwar kan iyaka tare da gwamnatoci da jama'a. Daga 2021 zuwa 2023, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman kan cinikin kasashen waje ga magajin garin Belmopan, Belize . A cikin 2021, an ambaci Rita daga cikin mambobin kwamitocin kulawa na Tarayyar Darts ta Najeriya.** Daga baya a wannan shekarar, an nada ta Shugabar Tarayyar.

A watan Fabrairun 2022, an nada Oyoku a matsayin Kwamishinan Ciniki na Vanuatu" id="mwJQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Vanuatu">Jamhuriyar Vanuatu zuwa Najeriya. Tana da alhakin karfafa dangantakar kasashen biyu, inganta kasuwanci da saka hannun jari, da kuma bincika haɗin gwiwar dabarun tsakanin Vanuatu da Najeriya.

A cikin 2025, an nada Rita Oyoku a matsayin jakada na sanarwar Jena, wani shiri na duniya da ke zaune a Jamus wanda ke tallafawa manufofin ci gaba 17 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. A matsayinsa na Shugaba na GHEII, Oyoku musamman ya sanya hannu kan wata sanarwa ta duniya mai maki shida a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2024 a gaban taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da aka gudanar a Nairobi. Sanarwar ta yi kira ga daukar mataki kan manyan kalubalen duniya ciki har da ilimi mai araha, tsaro na abinci, motsi kyauta a duk faɗin Afirka, da sauransu.[1]

## Manazarta
Sonia Aïssa

**Sonia Aïssa** farfesa ce a Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kasa (INRS) ta Jami'ar Quebec, a Cibiyar Bincike ta INRS don Makamashi, Kayan aiki, da Sadarwa. Binciken da take so a yanzu ya haɗa da ƙira, ƙira da nazarin aikin tsarin sadarwa mara waya da cibiyoyin sadarwa.

## Ilimi da aiki
Aïssa ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin injiniyan lantarki da kwamfuta a shekarar 1998 daga Jami'ar McGill, bayan haka ta shiga INRS. 

Daga 1996 zuwa 1997, Aïssa ta kasance mai bincike tare da Sashen Lantarki da Sadarwa na Jami'ar Kyoto ta Japan, kuma tare da Laboratories na Wireless Systems na NTT, Kanagawa, Japan. [1] Daga 1998 zuwa 2000, Aïssa ta kasance mai bincike a INRS-EMT a Montreal. Daga 2000 zuwa 2002, yayin da take mataimakiyar farfesa, ta kasance Babban Mai Bincike a cikin babban shirin sadarwa na sirri da wayar hannu na Cibiyar Nazarin Sadarwa ta Kanada (CITR), tana jagorantar bincike a cikin kula da albarkatun rediyo don cibiyoyin sadarwa marasa waya. Daga shekara ta 2004 zuwa shekara ta 2007, ta kasance farfesa a Jami'ar Concordia, Montreal . A shekara ta 2006, ta ziyarci Farfesa mai gayyata tare da Makarantar Digiri ta Informatics, Jami'ar Kyoto, Japan.

A halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin Edita na Yankin IEEE Transactions a kan Sadarwar Wireless tun daga shekarar 2019. 

## Sanarwa
An zabi Aïssa a matsayin Fellow na Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Lantarki da Injiniyoyin Injiniya a cikin 2019, "don gudummawa ga ƙira da nazarin aikin rediyo da tsarin sadarwa na hadin gwiwa".

Har ila yau, memba ce ta Kwalejin Injiniya ta Kanada . 

## Manazarta
Emiola Fagbenle

**Emiola Fagbenle** edita ce ta fina-finai kuma furodusa  daga Najeriya . Tana gudanar da kamfanin samar da kayayyaki mai suna Sable Media wanda ke zaune a Legas. Ta yi aiki a cikin Nigeria Studios kamar Anthill Studios, Inkblot Productions, da Ndani TV ciki har da masu cinikin fina-finai, Up-North, Setup, da Who's the Boss . 

## Nominations
An zabi Emiola a shekarar 2020 a zaben AMVCA a matsayin Editan Hoton Mafi Kyawu don aikinsa a kan Elevator Baby [1]

## Ayyuka

* Dukkanin Na Vibes
* Ranar Makoma
* Rashin zazzabi
* Mai yin jariri 
* Wutar da Tsuntsu

## Manazarta
Funke Femi Adepoju

**Funke Femi Adepoju** (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1969) jami'in kula da jama'a ne a Najeriya. Ita ce Darakta-Janar na Kwalejin Ma'aikatan Gudanarwa ta Najeriya (ASCON) kuma a baya ta yi aiki a matsayin Janar Manajan Hukumar Kula da Ruwa ta Jihar Legas (LASWARCO).

## Ilimi
Adepoju ta sami digiri na farko da na biyu a Turanci da Gudanar da Ilimi a cikin 1989 da 1993 daga Jami'ar Jihar Legas (LASU) da Jami'ar Ilorin (UNILORIN), bi da bi. Ta sami Jagora na Gudanar da Kasuwanci (MBA) daga LASU a 1998 da kuma PhD a Gudanar da Ilimi. 

## Ayyuka

### Ayyukan Jama'a na Jihar Legas
A shekara ta 1991, Adepoju ta fara aikinta a matsayin Mataimakin Jami'in Aiki (Ilimi) a karkashin Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Najeriya / Shirin Tsakiyar Tattalin Arziki na Turai. Daga baya ta shiga ma'aikatar gwamnati ta Jihar Legas, inda ta hau matsayin Darakta. A cikin 2019, Gwamnan Jihar Legas Babajide Sanwo-Olu ya nada Adepoju a matsayin Janar Manajan Hukumar Kula da Ruwa ta Jihar Legas (LASWARCO). 

### Darakta Janar na ASCON
A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2025, Shugaba Bola Tinubu ya nada Adepoju a matsayin Darakta Janar na ASCON. Ofishinta tana da alhakin horar da manyan jami'an gwamnati da masu zaman kansu a fannonin gudanarwa, jagoranci, da gudanarwa don inganta kirkire-kirkire da lissafi a cikin shugabanci.

## Kyaututtuka da karbuwa
Adepoju memba ne na Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Ruwa ta Najeriya, Cibiyar Gudanar da Kamfanoni, Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Albarka, da Cibiyar Yarjejeniyar Karamar Hukumar da Gudanar da Jama'a. A ranar 7 ga Nuwamba 2025, ASCON, a karkashin jagorancinta, ta lashe kyautar Mafi Kyawun Koyarwa na Shekara (Kungiya ta Kamfanin - Sashin Jama'a) ta Cibiyar Horarwa da Ci Gaban Kasa (NITAD). A watan Satumbar 2025, an ba ta lambar yabo ta 2025/2026 AIG Visiting Fellowship a Makarantar Gwamnati ta AIG-Blavatnik, Jami'ar Oxford, Ingila.[1][2][3][4][5]

## Manazarta
Antonia Bance

**Antonia Kay Bance**  'Yar siyasa ce ta jam'iyyar Labour ta Burtaniya wacce ta kasance 'yar majalisar dokoki ta Tipton da Wednesbury tun daga shekarar 2024. 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Bance ya girma ne a Kudancin London .  Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin fasaha a Tarihi daga Jami'ar Oxford, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Ƙungiyar Dalibai.

## Ayyukan sana'a
Bance ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kamfen da sadarwa na Trades Union Congress.

Daga 2011–2014, ita ce shugabar kamfen na mafaka . [1] Antonia ta kuma yi aiki a kan kamfen da manufofin jama'a na Asusun Tunawa da Diana, Oxfam da YWCA. [ ana buƙatar ambato ] Bance daraktan manufofi da sadarwa na ƙungiyar agaji ta SafeLives a fannin cin zarafin cikin gida a tsakanin 2014-15. [2]

## Ayyukan siyasa
Bance ya kasance dan takarar Jam'iyyar Labour na Oxford West da Abingdon a Babban zaben shekara ta 2005. 

An zabe ta a Majalisar Birnin Oxford a shekara ta 2006, tana wakiltar Rose Hill da Iffley, kuma an sake zabar ta a shekara ta 2010.  Ta yi murabus daga Majalisar a 2013 don mayar da hankali kan aikinta a Shelter . 

Bance ya goyi bayan Jon Cruddas a Zaben mataimakin shugabancin Labour na 2007, [1] da kuma Ed Balls a Zaben shugabanci na 2010. [2] Ta goyi bayan Bridget Phillipson a Zaben mataimakin shugabanci na 2025.[3]

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Bance 'yar luwaɗi ce. Tana da 'yar.

## Manazarta
Mary Carlin

**Mary Carlin** (13 ga Agusta 1873 &#x2013; 5 ga Afrilu 1939) 'yar Birtaniya ce mai rajin kare haƙƙin ma'aikata .

An haife shi a Eastwood, Nottinghamshire, Carlin ya zama mai fafutukar ƙungiyar kwadago. A shekara ta 1916, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da suka zama mai shirya ƙasa, don Dock, Wharf, Riverside da Janar Labourers' Union. A lokacin yakin duniya na farko, ta yi aiki a Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Mata ta Ma'aikatar Makamai, da kuma kwamitin bincike game da Sojojin Mata. 

Bayan yakin, Carlin ya zama mai aiki a cikin No More War Movement, yana shirya babban zanga-zanga a 1922. Ta kuma kasance sananniya a cikin Jam'iyyar Labour, an zabe ta a Kwamitin Zartarwa na Kasa a 1924 kuma ta yi aiki na shekaru da yawa.[1] Ta tsaya ba tare da nasara ba a Balham da Tooting a zaben 1928 na London County Council . [2] A shekara ta 1930, an zaba ta a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar na Westminster Abbey, kodayake ba ta tsaya ba.[1]

Kungiyar tashar jiragen ruwa ta zama wani ɓangare na Kungiyar Ma'aikata da Ma'aikata, kuma Carlin ta zama Jami'in Mata na Kasa da kuma sakataren Kungiyar Mata. Ta kuma yi aiki a Kotun Alƙalai a matsayin wakilin ƙungiyar kwadago. Ta yi ritaya a ƙarshen shekarun 1930 kuma ta mutu ba zato ba tsammani a 1939.

## Manazarta

##
Winifred Baddeley

**Winifred Lucy Baddeley** (2 December 1904 &#x2013; 20 July 1972) was a British trade unionist.

An haife shi a Sale, sannan a Cheshire, [1] Baddeley ya yi aiki na shekaru da yawa a matsayin mai winding lantarki a Associated Electrical Industries yana aiki a Old Trafford. [2] Ta shiga kungiyar Amalgamated Engineering Union (AEU) kuma a hankali ta tashi cikin matsayi, ta zama mai kula da shagon a 1941, sannan shugabar reshe, shugaban kwamitin ayyukan mata, da wakilin gundumar. [1]

An dauki Baddeley a matsayin mai gefen dama na ƙungiyar kwadago,  kodayake ta yi kamfen don daidaita albashi ga mata, kuma ta yi jayayya cewa rashin daidaito na mata a cikin ƙungiyoyin kwadago wani bangare ne saboda halayen maza da yawa. 

A cikin 1963, Baddeley ta halarci Trades Union Congress (TUC) a wannan karon farko, kuma nan da nan aka zabe ta zuwa Babban Majalisar TUC; ita ce mace ta farko da ba jami'in cikakken lokaci ba da ta yi aiki a majalisar. A wannan lokacin, ta jagoranci Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Mata na TUC. Ta yi ritaya a shekarar 1968.

A lokacin da take hutu, Baddeley ta yi aiki a matsayin majistare, kuma a cikin Kwamitin Ayyukan Gida. Ta yi aure a 1963 kuma, ba kamar yadda aka saba ba a lokacin, ta riƙe Sunan budurwa.

## Manazarta
Ugochi Alam

**Ugochi Constance Alam** (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1988)  ɗan wasa Paralympic ne daga Najeriya wanda ke fafatawa galibi a cikin rukunin F57/58 da aka harbe da kuma abubuwan da suka faru.

Alam ta fafata a wasannin Commonwealth na 2022 kuma ta kasance ta uku, ta lashe lambar tagulla a wasan harbi na mata na F57/F58. [1] [2][3]

## Manazarta
Kay Carberry, Baroness Carberry na Muswell Hill

**Catherine Rose Carberry, Baroness Carberry of Muswell Hill**, CBE (born 19 October 1950), is a British trade unionist and life peer. She was Assistant General Secretary of the Trades Union Congress (TUC) from 2003 to 2016.

Carberry ta yi karatu a Royal Naval School Tal-Handaq a Malta, sannan a Jami'ar Sussex . Ta yi aiki a matsayin malama na tsawon shekaru uku, kuma ta zama mai aiki a cikin Ƙungiyar Malamai ta Kasa (NUT), inda ta sami aiki a matsayin mai bincike. Ta fara aiki ga TUC a 1978,  kuma a 1988 an nada ta a matsayin shugaban farko na Ma'aikatar Kare Hakkin Daidaitawa.  A shekara ta 2003, an nada ta a matsayin Mataimakin Babban Sakatare na TUC . 

Carberry ya rike wasu mukamai da yawa. Ta kasance kwamishina a Hukumar Daidaitawa da 'Yancin Dan Adam, da Hukumar Daidaidaitawa. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin kwamishinan Hukumar Kula da Kudin Ƙananan kuma a matsayin memba na kwamitin Sufuri na London . Ita ce amintacciyar Gidan Tarihin Jama'a, darakta na Manajojin Asusun TU, mataimakiyar memba na The Takeover Panel kuma abokiyar girmamawa ta Kwalejin St Hugh, Oxford . [1]

An nada Carberry a matsayin Kwamandan Order of the British Empire (CBE) a cikin girmamawar ranar haihuwar 2007, don hidimomi ga dangantakar aiki. Ta yi ritaya daga TUC a shekarar 2016. An halicce ta *Baroness Carberry na Muswell Hill, na Muswell Hills a cikin London Borough of Haringey* a ranar 30 ga Janairun 2025 a matsayin wani ɓangare na Peerages na Siyasa na 2024.

## Manazarta
Dawn Bowden

**Dawn Alison Louise Bowden** (an haife ta a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 1960) 'yar siyasa ce ta Jam'iyyar Labour ta Wales kuma 'yar ƙungiyar kwadago ce, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Yara da Kula da Jama'a [ a ] tun daga 2024.  ] Ta taɓa yin aiki a matsayin Babban Mai tsawatarwa na Gwamnatin Wales daga 2021 zuwa 2023 da kuma Mataimakiyar Ministar Fasaha da Wasanni (daga baya kuma ta zama Yawon Bude Ido) daga 2021 zuwa 2024. Bowden ya kasance memba na Senedd (MS) na Merthyr Tydfil da Rhymney tun 2016. 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Bowden a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 1960 a Bristol, Ingila. Ta yi karatu a Makarantar sakatare ta Katolika ta St Bernadette, Makarantar Katolika da ke da tallafin jihar a Bristol . Sa'an nan, daga 1976 zuwa 1978, ta gudanar da karatun sakatariya a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Soundwell . 

## Ayyuka

### Farkon aiki
Bowden ta fara aikinta a matsayin sakatariya. Ta yi aiki a Hukumar Lafiya ta Kasa tsakanin 1979 da 1982, da kuma Majalisar Birnin Bristol daga 1982 zuwa 1983. 

Daga watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2012 har zuwa zaben da aka yi mata a Majalisar Welsh a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2016, Bowden ita ce shugabar kiwon lafiya ta UNISON Cymru / Wales (sashen Welsh na Ƙungiyar kwadago ta kasa UNISON).

### Ayyukan siyasa
A watan Fabrairun 2016, an ba da sanarwar cewa an zaɓi Bowden daga cikin jerin sunayen mata don zama dan takarar Welsh Labour don kujerar Merthyr Tydfil da Rhymney a zaben Majalisar Welsh na gaba. [1][2] Jerin gajerun mata ya kasance mai kawo rigima; ya jawo zargi daga wasu 'yan majalisa maza, gami da shugaban majalisar Merthyr Tydfil County Borough Council . [3] A ranar 5 ga Mayu 2016, an zabe ta a matsayin memba na Majalisar Welsh tare da kuri'u 9,763 (47.2% na kuri'un da aka jefa). [4]

Bowden ya zauna a matsayin memba na Kungiyar Kwadago tun lokacin da aka sake zabensa a shekarar 2021. An sake zabar ta da mafi rinjaye na kuri'u 9,311.  Bayan zaben, Ministan farko Mark Drakeford ne ya nada ta a matsayin Babban Whip na Gwamnatin Welsh da Mataimakin Ministan Fasaha, Wasanni da Yawon Bude Ido. An motsa ta daga matsayin Babban Whip zuwa kasancewa mai hulɗa na Ministoci don Yarjejeniyar hadin gwiwa, a watan Mayu 2023. Bayan an zabi Vaughan Gething a matsayin Minista na farko a watan Mayu 2024, an nada ta a matsayin Ministan Kula da Jama'a. Ministan farko Eluned Morgan ya riƙe ta a wannan mukamin lokacin da ta nada ministocinta a watan Agustan 2024,  amma ta sake masa suna *Ministan Yara da Kula da Jama'a* a cikin sake fasalin Morgan na Satumba 2024. 

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Bowden yana da 'ya'ya biyu. Sam da Jack. A shekara ta 2011, ta auri Martin;  yana aiki a matsayin jami'in manufofi na Welsh Labour. 

## Manazarta
Isabel Brown

**Isabel Brown** (6 ga Disamba 1894 - 22 ga Oktoba 1984) 'yar fafutukar kwaminisanci ce ta Burtaniya.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife shi a Tyneside, Brown ya sami tallafin karatu don halartar Kwalejin Horar da Malamai ta Sunderland. Da farko ta kasance mai addini sosai, ta canza ra'ayinta sakamakon Yaƙin Duniya na I, kuma ta hanyar halartar laccoci na Majalisar Dokokin Kwadago ta Kasa karkashin jagorancin T. A. Jackson. Ta zama mai aiki a cikin Ƙungiyar Malamai ta Kasa kuma ta shiga Jam'iyyar Labour a shekarar 1918. 

A shekara ta 1921, Isabel ta auri Ernest Brown, kwaminisanci na gida, kuma ta zama memba mai kafa Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Burtaniya (CPGB), ɗaya daga cikin mata biyar kawai da suka halarci taron kafa ta. Ta rasa mukamin koyarwarta a shekara mai zuwa, lokacin da ta yi ciki, kuma ta koma tare da Ernest zuwa Moscow a 1924, ta dawo kafin yajin aikin Burtaniya. A lokacin yajin aikin, an daure Brown saboda tayar da kayar baya, kuma an sake ɗaure ta ba da daɗewa ba bayan an sake ta, yayin da take magana don tallafawa masu hakar ma'adinai waɗanda har yanzu suna yajin aiki.

A ƙarshen shekarun 1920, Brown ta shirya sassan mata na Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Ma'aikata marasa Aiki ta Kasa.  Ernest ta zama mai shirya CPGB ta Scotland, kuma ta koma tare da shi, ta zama editan mata na The Mineworker .  Ta tsaya ba tare da nasara ba a Motherwell a Babban zaben 1929,  sannan kuma a Zaben Kilmarnock, daga baya a cikin shekarar. 

A cikin 1930, Brown ya yi karatu a Makarantar Lenin, sannan ya jagoranci Kwamitin Burtaniya don Taimako ga Wadanda aka azabtar da Fascism kuma ya kasance sananne a kwamitin Taimako ga Spain.  An san ta sosai saboda jawabinta, wanda ke motsawa kuma yana kula da masu sauraro, da kuma ikon amsa tambayoyin daga jama'a.

Brown ya zama mai aiki sosai a cikin ƙungiyar taimakon Burtaniya don Spain, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kwamitin hadin gwiwa na kasa don taimakon Mutanen Espanya. Wannan ya haɗa da taimakawa tare da ƙoƙarin ba da gida ga 'yan gudun hijirar Basque waɗanda suka zo Burtaniya a 1937. 

A ƙarshen shekarun 1930, Brown ta zama mai shirya mata na kasa don CPGB, kuma ta tsaya a zaben Bow da Bromley na 1940, ta dauki kashi 4.2% na kuri'un duk da cewa ta fuskanci abokin hamayyar daya kawai. Ta ji rauni a wani hari na iska daga baya a cikin shekarar, ba ta taɓa warkewa ba, ta tsaya a matsayin jami'in mata a 1942, kuma daga Kwamitin Tsakiya a 1947. [1] Ta tsaya a zaben karshe a Kilmarnock a Babban zaben 1950, kuma ta kasa kusantar lashe kujerar.[2]

Duk da rashin lafiya, Brown ta ci gaba da magana a madadin CPGB, koyarwa da halartar taro har zuwa mutuwarta a shekarar 1984. 

## Manazarta
Gail Cartmail

**Gail Cartmail** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1955) mataimakiyar Sakatare Janar ce (AGS) a ƙungiyar kwadago ta Unite kuma memba ce a Kwamitin Zartarwa na Ƙungiyar 'Yan Kasuwa (TUC) da Majalisar Janar .

## Ayyuka
Cartmail ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta zamani ta Heronswood a Welwyn Garden City, bayan ta kasa jarrabawarta goma sha ɗaya. Ta bar makaranta ba tare da cancanta ba, Cartmail ta fara aikinta a matsayin mai horar da gashi. Daga baya, ta fara aiki a masana'antar wallafe-wallafen, kuma daga ƙarshe ta zama Uwar Chapel don ƙungiyar bugawa, Ƙungiyar Hotuna ta Kasa, inda ta sami shahara don kamfen don daidaita albashi ga mata, kuma ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Bugawa ta London . 

A shekara ta 1977, Cartmail ya fara Aboki a matsayin jami'in hulɗa na kungiyar kwadago ta London Borough of Greenwich, kuma shekaru goma bayan haka ya zama jami'in kungiyar kwadago na cikakken lokaci ga Kungiyar Baƙi ta Lafiya. Ta bar a 1990 don zama jami'in yanki na masana'antu, kimiyya da ƙungiyar kuɗi, ana inganta ta zuwa jami'in ƙasa kafin ta zama wani ɓangare na Amicus, inda ta kasance jami'in kasa na sashen kiwon lafiya.[1]

A shekara ta 2007, Amicus ya zama wani ɓangare na Unite, kuma an nada Cartmail a matsayin mataimakin babban sakatarensa tare da alhakin ayyukan jama'a. Ta tsaya takara a zaben 2010 don zama Babban Sakataren kungiyar, ta dauki matsayi na huɗu da kuri'u 39,000 a bayan Len McCluskey wanda aka zaba. A shekara ta 2016, lokacin da McCluskey ya tsaya don yin takara a sabon zabe, an zabi Cartmail a matsayin mukaddashin babban sakatare.

Cartmail kwamishina ne a Hukumar Kula da Ayyuka da Kwarewa ta Burtaniya .  A lokacinta na hutu, tana jin daɗin yin iyo a cikin ruwa mai sanyi.

A cikin 2020, Cartmail ya zama Shugaban Kungiyar Kasuwanci.

## Manazarta
Jayaben Desai

**Jayaben Desai** (2 Afrilu 1933 - 23 Disamba 2010) ta kasance ƴar ƙungiyar ƙwadago ta Indiya a Burtaniya. An san ta a matsayin fitacciyar shugabar masu yajin aiki a rikicin Grunwick da aka yi a Landan a shekarar 1976. 

## Rayuwar farko
An haife shi a Dharmaj, Gujarat, Indiya, Desai ya koma Tanzania, Gabashin Afirka, a shekarar 1956. A lokacin da take da shekaru ashirin da biyu, ta auri Suryakant, mai mallakar masana'antu. Ma'auratan sun fito ne daga matsakaicin matsayi na kasuwanci. Sun koma Burtaniya a 1967,  kafin Dokar Baƙi ta Commonwealth ta 1968 ta sa ya zama da wuya ga masu riƙe da fasfo na Burtaniya daga tsoffin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya su shiga kasar. 

## Rikicin Grunwick
A Birtaniya, Desai ta fara aikin da ba shi da albashi mai yawa, da farko a matsayin mai dinki, sannan ta sarrafa fim a masana'antar Grunwick. [1] Ta yi murabus bayan an umarce ta da ta yi aiki na ƙarin lokaci ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba, [2] kuma ta haifar da yajin aiki tsakanin ma'aikatan Asiya da mata. [3] Masu yajin aikin sun yi zanga-zanga game da yanayin aiki, rashin daidaiton albashi da kuma wariyar launin fata a cikin kamfanin. [4] An ma tambayi mata dalilin da ya sa suke buƙatar zuwa bayan gida, kuma Desai ta shawarci abokan aikinta da kada su tsorata da wannan. [5] Kalmominta ga manaja kan murabus sune: " Abin da kuke gudanarwa a nan ba masana'anta ba ne, namun daji ne. A namun daji, akwai nau'ikan dabbobi da yawa. Wasu birai ne da ke rawa da yatsa, wasu kuma zakoki ne da za su iya cizon kanku. Mu ne waɗannan zakunan, Mr. Manaja ." [2] [6]

Desai ya jagoranci 'yan wasan a cikin shekaru biyu na zaɓen da suka yi daga 1976 zuwa 1978. Ƙungiyar Ƙwararru, Manyan Jami'ai, Malamai da Ma'aikatan Kwamfuta (APEX Union) ta goyi bayan yajin aikin, waɗanda kuma suka fitar da sanarwar yajin aikin.  Reshen Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Ofishin Wasiku (UPW) na yankin ya ƙi bayar da ofishin dakin gwaje-gwajen daukar hoto na Grunwick,  har sai da aka ƙalubalanci shi da goyon bayan Jam'iyyar Conservative, a wancan lokacin gwamnatin 'Yan adawa. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

Desai ta kasance mai jawabi mai ban sha'awa kuma mai jawabi sananne, tana magana kan kalaman wariyar launin fata da na jinsi da aka yi mata da kuma sauran ma'aikatan da ke yajin aiki, kuma tana sukar abin da ta ji rashin goyon baya daga Majalisar Kungiyar 'Yan Kasuwa game da manufarta.   Ta ce: "Tallafin ƙungiyar 'yan kwadago kamar zuma ne a gwiwar hannu - za ka iya jin ƙamshinsa, za ka iya jin sa, amma ba za ka iya ɗanɗana shi ba." 

A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1977, Desai ya yi yajin cin abinci tare da abokan wasansa Vipin Magdani, Johnny Patel da Yasu Patel. 

Firayim Minista Jim Callaghan ya naɗa alkali, Lord Justice Scarman don ya warware takaddamar.   Desai ya ba da shaida mai tsawo. Alkali Scarman ya ba da shawarar a amince da ƙungiyar kuma a mayar da ma'aikatan da aka kora. Mai masana'antar ya yi watsi da rahoton kuma ƙungiyoyin kwadagon suka ja da baya, inda kwamitin yajin aikin Grunwick ya sanar da cewa ya ƙare yajin aikin a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 1978. 

## Manazarta
Cibiyar Harshen Ƙasashen Alaska

Cibiyar Harshen 'yan asalin Alaska, wacce aka kafa a 1972 a Fairbanks, Alaska, cibiyar bincike ce da ke mai da hankali kan bincike da rubuce-rubuce na harsunan' yan asalin Alaska. Yana buga harshe, ƙamus, tarin al'adun gargajiya da kayan bincike, kazalika da karɓar bakuncin kayan rubuce-rubuce masu yawa da suka shafi Eskimo, Arewacin Athabaskan da harsuna masu alaƙa. Cibiyar tana ba da horo, kayan aiki da shawarwari ga malamai, masu bincike da sauransu da ke aiki tare da yarukan asalin Alaska. Shirin Harshen 'yan asalin Alaska yana ba da digiri a Yup'ik na Tsakiya da Inupiaq a Jami'ar Alaska Fairbanks, kuma yana aiki don rubuce-rubuce da adana waɗannan harsuna.

## Taswirar harshe
A shekara ta 1974, Michael Krauss ya buga taswirar harshe na Alaska, wanda daga baya ya sabunta a shekarar 1982. Ya kasance misali tun daga lokacin. A lokacin rani na shekara ta 2011, Cibiyar Harshen 'yan asalin Alaska ta yi sabuntawa ga taswirar Krauss. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan dalilan wannan sabuntawa shine cewa wasu daga cikin sunayen waɗannan harsuna sun canza cikin shekaru. Duk da yake babu wani canji mai ban mamaki a cikin taswirar da aka sabunta, sabon fitowar gaba ɗaya dijital ne.

## Harsunan asalin Alaska

## Manazarta
Keith H. Basso

**Keith Hamilton Basso** (Maris 15, 1940 - Agusta 4, 2013) masanin ilimin al'adu da harshe ne wanda aka sani da nazarin Yammacin Apaches, musamman wadanda ke cikin al'ummar Cibecue, Arizona . Basso ya kasance farfesa mai daraja na ilimin ɗan adam a Jami'ar New Mexico kuma a baya ya koyar a Jami'an Arizona da Jami'ar Yale . 

## Rayuwa ta farko
A ranar 15 ga Maris 1940, an haifi Keith a Asheville, North Carolina ga Etolia Simmons da Hamilton Basso . Mahaifiyarsa, Etolia malama ce. Mahaifinsa, Hamilton marubuci ne, marubuci, kuma edita, musamman na The New Yorker . Dukansu suna da tushe a New Orleans. Ya koma tare da iyayensa zuwa Connecticut lokacin da mahaifinsa ya ɗauki matsayi a matsayin marubucin ma'aikata na New Yorker . A Connecticut, ya shiga aikin kamun kifi a rana kuma ya yi tafiya a kusa da ƙungiyar litattafan mahaifinsa da maraice.

Tun da farko, Keith yana da sha'awar karatun wallafe-wallafen da rubutu. Ya fara sha'awar ilimin ɗan adam ne tare da azuzuwan Clyde Kluckhohn a Jami'ar Harvard inda ya kammala karatunsa na farko a 1962  tare da girmamawa mai girma.  A cikin waɗannan shekarun, ya shafe lokacin rani na 1959 a Arizona kuma ya fara 'sha'awar dawakai, tarihi, da yaren da rayuwar White Mountain Apaches'. Ya sami digirinsa na PhD a fannin ilimin ɗan adam daga Jami'ar Stanford a shekarar 1967. 

## Koyarwa
A shekara ta 1967, ya fara koyarwa a Jami'ar Arizona . Bayan haka, a 1982, ya koma Jami'ar Yale. Ya shiga Jami'ar New Mexico (UNM) a shekarar 1988, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Farfesa Regents, sannan ya biyo bayan Farfesa mai daraja na Anthropology. A UNM, ya koyar da semester daya a kowace shekara kuma ya ciyar da sauran lokacinsa yana zaune da aiki a ranch dinsa a Heber-Overgaard, Arizona. Ya yi ritaya a UNM a shekara ta 2006.

## Bincike da rubuce-rubuce
Wani gudummawa na gargajiya ga ethnopoetics da ethnography na magana, littafin Basso na 1979 Portraits of the Whiteman yayi nazarin muhimmancin al'adu da siyasa na ban dariya a matsayin nau'i na fasahar magana.

An ba Basso lambar yabo ta Victor Turner don Rubuce-rubucen Ethnographic a cikin 1997 don tarihinsa, Wisdom Sits in Places: Landscape and Language Among the Western Apache . Har ila yau, aikin ya kasance mai lashe Kyautar Littafin Yammacin Yamma 1996 a cikin Creative Nonfiction .  A cikin wannan ethnography, Basso ya bayyana fatansa cewa masana ilimin ɗan adam za su ciyar da ƙarin lokaci don bincika yadda ake fahimta da kuma gogewa; don dangantakar ɗan adam da wuraren ƙasa suna da wadata, ji sosai, kuma suna ba da labari mai zurfi.

## Manazarta
Andrea L. Berez-Kroeker

**Andrea Berez-Kroeker** masanin harshe ne kuma tsohon farfesa a Sashen Harshe a Jami'ar Hawai'i a Mānoa . Ta kasance darakta na tarihin Kaipuleohone na harsuna masu haɗari,  ta sauya a cikin 2024 don aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Dean na Ma'aikatan Ilimi da Ayyuka na Kwalejin Fasaha, Harsuna & Harafi na jami'ar.  Ita gwani ce kan ayyukan sakewa da gudanar da bayanai a fagen ilimin harshe.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Berez-Kroeker ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Michigan a 1994 tare da digiri na farko na Fine Arts, Kwalejin Fasaha ta New York a 1998 tare da Master of Fine Arts, Jami'ar Jihar Wayne a 2006 tare da Master's Arts da Jami'ar California, Santa Barbara a 2011 tare da PhD.

## Rubuce-rubucen harshe
Ayyukan Berez-Kroeker sun mayar da hankali kan rubuce-rubuce da adanawa Harsunan da ke cikin haɗari. Ta kirkiro kayan rubuce-rubucen harshe don yarukan Athabascan Ahtna da Dena'ina . Ta kammala Ph.D. a Jami'ar California, Santa Barbara a cikin 2011 tare da rubutun da ake kira "Discourse, Landscape, and Directional Reference in Ahtna. "  Ayyukanta a kan Ahtna sun haɗa da amfani da Barin bayanai na Yanayi don bincika lexicalisation na shugabanci, wani subcategory na deixis, a cikin harshe.

Ayyukanta na baya-bayan nan a Papua New Guinea sun haɗa da takardun Kuman da kuma bidiyon bidiyo na Kere, harshe.

Ita ce co-edita na littattafai kan kula da bayanan harshe,  canjin harshe,  da aikin filin harshe. 

## Bayanan harshe
Berez-Kroeker ya ba da jawabai da bita game da sakewa a fagen ilimin harshe, gami da raba bayanai da ambato. A halin yanzu tana aiki don ƙirƙirar ababen more rayuwa wanda ke inganta dorewa na dogon lokaci da haɗin kai na bayanai. Ta kasance babban mai bincike don tallafin Gidauniyar Kimiyya ta Kasa da ke nazarin ayyukan ambaton bayanai da rarraba bayanai a fagen ilimin harshe, gami da kirkirar da rarraba albarkatu kan amfani da bayanai da rabawa.

## Daraja da kyaututtuka
Berez-Kroeker ya kasance shugaban DELAMAN (Digital Endangered Languages and Musics Archives Network) daga 2014 zuwa 2016  kuma a cikin 2017 ya kasance babban co-shugaba na Kwamitin kan Harsuna Masu Hadari da Tsaro na Kungiyar Harsuna ta Amurka. 

Berez-Kroeker ta sami lambar yabo ta Early Career Award a cikin 2019 daga Linguistic Society of America don aikinta a kan takardun harsuna masu haɗari. Musamman, al'umma ta gane ta saboda "ƙwarewar fasaha ga aikinta, musamman a fannonin adana harshe, sarrafa bayanai, da gani".

## Manazarta
Loren Bommelyn

**Loren Me"-lash-ne Bommelyn** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1956) mai ɗaukar al'ada ne ga kabilar Tolowa . Ya sadaukar da kansa don adana waƙoƙin gargajiya, harshe, da kwando. Shi ne babban jagora na bikin na kabilar, kuma mafi yawan ma'aikacin kwando. Bommelyn memba ne mai rajista na Tolowa Dee-ni' Nation da aka amince da ita kuma an zabe ta a matsayin shugaban kabilansu.

## Ayyuka a cikin ilimin harshe da ilimi
Loren Bommelyn shine Tolowa, Karuk, da Wintu . Mahaifiyarsa, Eunice Bommelyn, sananniyar masanin asalin kabilanci ce, mai ba da shawara kan yaren Tolowa da kuma mai ba da al'adu. Ya iya magana da Harshen Tolowa kuma ya koyar da shekaru da yawa a Makarantar Sakandare ta Del Norte a Crescent City, California. Ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin harshe daga Jami'ar Oregon . Bayan shekaru na karatu tare da dattawan Tolowa, Bommelyn ya buga kayan ilimi game da harshen Tolowa. Ya taka rawar gani wajen shawo kan tsarin Jami'ar California don karɓar yarukan 'yan asalin Amurka a matsayin wani ɓangare na bukatun shigarwa don harshen duniya. Ya ba da shawarar amfani da harshen Tolowa a cikin fasahar zamani, gami da Facebook da rubutu.

Kafin ya yi ritaya, Bommelyn ya koyar a Makarantar Magnet ta Indiya a Crescent City tare da matarsa Lena Bommelyn, wacce ita ma ta yi ritaya. Game da aikinsa a Taa-'at-dvn, Loren ya ce, "Yana da mahimmanci ga ɗalibai su san cewa za su iya motsawa kyauta a cikin al'ummar Amurka kuma za su iya buɗewa da nasara. Muna ƙoƙarin samar musu da dama don fadadawa da bincike".

Ya zuwa shekara ta 2012, ɗan Bommelyn, Pyuwa Bommelyn، yana karatun ilimin harshe a Jami'ar Oregon don ci gaba da kokarin adana harshen Tolowa.

## Kwando
Duk da yake mata suna yin mafi yawan kwando tsakanin kabilun Arewacin California, maza a al'ada suna sa kwando masu budewa tare da dukkan tsire-tsire. Wannan yana buƙatar ƙarfin jiki da ƙwarewa. Bommelyn ya ƙware a cikin waɗannan ayyukan buɗewa, kwando masu amfani, musamman waɗanda aka yi da tsiro. Ya yi kwando na farko yana da shekara 12. A yau an san shi musamman saboda kwando na aiki da jarirai.

"Akwai wani bangare mai kyau na kwando da kuma wani bangare na gaskiya. Kuna so ku yi gwagwarmaya don kammalawa, amma a lokaci guda kuna so ku yi amfani da shi don aiki... Ina son a yi amfani da kwando na. Tsoffin Indiyawan suna cewa abubuwa kamar a yi amfani dasu, cewa idan ba a yi amfani dashi suna samun kaɗaici. "

## Kyaututtuka
Bommelyn ta kasance mai karɓar Kyautar Tarihi ta Kasa ta 2002 wanda National Endowment for the Arts ta bayar, wanda shine mafi girman girmamawa na Amurka a cikin al'adun gargajiya da al'adun al'ada. An san shi da aikinsa na adanawa, yin aiki da inganta al'adun al'adun Tolowa "ciki har da harshensa, kayan gargajiya na asali, raye-raye da waƙoƙi na bikin, da yin kwando.... A yau shi ne mutum mafi masaniya game da yaren asali. "

## manazarta