Tottenham Hotspur FC

**Kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta **Tottenham** Hotspur**, wacce aka fi sani da **Tottenham** (/ˈtɒtənəm/,   TOT-ən-əm, /tɒtnəm/, TOT-nəm) ko **Spurs**, kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke zaune a Tottenham, Arewacin London, Ingila. Kungiyar kanta ta bayyana cewa ya kamata a kira shi "**Tottenham Hotspur**" ko "**Spurs**", saboda Tottenham shine yankin London kuma ba sunan kulob din ba. Tana fafatawa a Gasar Firimiya, babbar matakin Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila. Kungiyar ta buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur tun 2019, inda ta maye gurbin tsohon gidansu na White Hart Lane, wanda aka rushe don samar da sabon filin wasa a wannan shafin.

An kafa shi a shekara ta 1882, alama **Tottenham Hotspur** ita ce zakara da ke tsaye a kan kwallon kafa, tare da taken Latin Audere est Facere ("daukakawa shine yin"). Kungiyar ta saba sa fararen riguna da gajeren wando mai launin shudi a matsayin kayan gida tun daga ka'idar 1898-99 . Yankin horar da su yana kan Hotspur Way a Bulls Cross, Enfield . Bayan da aka kafa ta, Tottenham ta lashe Kofin FA a karo na farko a 1901, kungiya daya tilo da ba ta League ba da yin hakan tun lokacin da aka kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa a 1888. Tottenham ita ce kulob din farko a karni na 20 da ta samu nasarar lashe gasar League da FA Cup Double, inda ta lashe dukkan wasannin a kakar 1960-61. Bayan nasarar kare Kofin FA a 1962, a 1963 sun zama kulob din Burtaniya na farko da ya lashe gasar kulob din UEFA - Kofin Masu Cin Kofin Turai. Sun kuma kasance masu cin Kofin UEFA a shekarar 1972, sun zama kulob din Burtaniya na farko da ya lashe manyan kofuna biyu na Turai. Sun tattara akalla babban zakara daya a cikin kowane shekaru sittin daga shekarun 1950 zuwa 2000, nasarar da kungiyar Manchester United ta samu kawai.

## Tarihi

### Kafa da farkon shekarun (1882-1908)

Asalin sunan **Hotspur Football Club**, an kafa kulob din ne a ranar 5 ga watan Satumba a shekarar 1882 ta ƙungiyar 'yan makaranta karkashin jagorancin Bobby Buckle. Sun kasance mambobi ne na Hotspur Cricket Club kuma an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa don yin wasanni a lokacin watanni na hunturu. Bayan shekara guda yaran sun nemi taimako tare da kulob din daga John Ripsher, malamin aji na Littafi Mai-Tsarki a All Hallows Church, wanda ya zama shugaban farko na kulob din da kuma mai ba da kuɗi. Ripsher ya taimaka kuma ya goyi bayan yaran a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ya sake tsarawa kuma ya sami wurin zama ga kulob din. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1884 an sake sunan kulob din "Tottenham Hotspur Football Club" don kauce wa rikicewa tare da wani kulob din London mai suna Hotspur, wanda aka ba da mukaminsa ga Arewacin London. Sunayen lakabi na kulob din sun hada da "Spurs" da "Lilywhites".

### Shekaru da yawa na farko a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa (1908-1958)
A shekara ta 1908, an zabi kulob din a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu kuma ya sami ci gaba zuwa Kungiyar Farko a kakar wasa ta farko, inda ya kammala matsayi na biyu. A shekara ta 1912, Peter McWilliam ya zama kocin; Tottenham ta gama kasa na gasar a ƙarshen kakar 1914-15 lokacin da aka dakatar da kwallon kafa saboda Yaƙin Duniya na farko. An sake komawa Spurs zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kan sake dawo da kwallon kafa bayan yakin, amma da sauri suka koma Sashe na Farko a matsayin Zakarun Sashe na biyu na kakar 1919-20. 

### Kwallon ƙafa na Premier League (1992-yanzu)
Tottenham na ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyi biyar da suka tura don kafa Gasar Firimiya, wanda aka kirkira tare da amincewar Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa, wanda ya maye gurbin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Farko a matsayin mafi girman rukuni na kwallon kafa na Ingila. A watan Fabrairun Shukari ta 2001, Sugar ya sayar da hannun jarinsa a Spurs ga ENIC Sports plc, wanda Joe Lewis da Daniel Levy ke gudanarwa, kuma ya sauka a matsayin shugaban. Lewis da Levy za su mallaki kashi 85% na kulob din, tare da Levy da ke da alhakin gudanar da kulob din. Duk da jerin manajoji da 'yan wasa kamar Teddy Sheringham, Jürgen Klinsmann da David Ginola, na dogon lokaci a Premier League har zuwa ƙarshen 2000s, Spurs sun gama tsakiyar tebur mafi yawan lokutan tare da 'yan ganima da aka samu. Sun lashe Kofin League a 1999 a karkashin George Graham, kuma a 2008 a karkashin Juande Ramos . Ayyukan sun inganta a karkashin Harry Redknapp tare da 'yan wasa kamar Gareth Bale da Luka Modrić, kuma kulob din ya gama a saman biyar a farkon shekarun 2010.

Bayan Redknapp ya tafi, an nada Mauricio Pochettino a matsayin kocin, wanda ke cikin rawar tsakanin 2014 da 2019.  A karkashin Pochettino, tare da sabbin taurari kamar Harry Kane wanda ya kammala karatun jami'a da kuma Son Heung-min na Koriya, Tottenham sun karfafa matsayinsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar kungiyoyi masu tasowa da aka sani da Big Six.   Spurs sun kammala na biyu a kakar 2016-17, mafi girman wasan da suka yi tun daga kakar 1962-63, kuma sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe na UEFA Champions League a shekarar 2019, na farko na kulob din, inda suka rasa Liverpool 2-0 .  An buga wasannin gida na kulob din a cikin 'yan lokutan da suka gabata na mulkin Pochettino a Filin wasa na Wembley yayin da aka gina sabon Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur.

## Filin wasa

### Dalilai na farko
Spurs sun buga wasanninsu na farko a filin jama'a a Park Lane ƙarshen Tottenham Marshes, inda dole ne su yi alama kuma su shirya nasu filin wasa. Lokaci-lokaci yaƙe-yaƙe sun ɓarke a kan marshes a cikin rikice-rikice tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi game da amfani da ƙasa. Wasan farko na Spurs da 'yan jarida na gida suka ruwaito ya faru ne a Tottenham Marshes a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1883 a kan Brownlow Rovers, wanda Spurs ya ci 9-0 . A wannan filin ne, a cikin 1887, Spurs ta fara buga wa tawagar da daga baya za ta zama abokan hamayyar su, Arsenal (wanda aka sani da Royal Arsenal), wanda ke jagorantar 2-1 har sai an dakatar da wasan saboda rashin haske bayan tawagar ta zo da wuri.

Yayinda suke wasa a filin shakatawa na jama'a, kulob din ba zai iya cajin kuɗin shiga ba kuma, yayin da yawan masu kallo ya karu zuwa 'yan dubban, ba ya samar da karɓar ƙofar. A shekara ta 1888, kulob din ya yi hayar filin wasa tsakanin lambobin 69 da 75 Northumberland Park  a farashin £ 17 a kowace shekara, inda ake cajin masu kallo 3d a wasa, wanda aka ɗaga zuwa 6d don alaƙar kofin.  An buga wasan farko a filin wasa a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1888, wasan ajiya wanda ya ba da karɓar ƙofar shillings 17. Gidan farko tare da sama da kujeru 100 da ɗakunan canzawa a ƙasa an gina shi a kakar 1894-95 a farashin £ 60. Koyaya, an hura tsaye bayan 'yan makonni kuma dole ne a gyara shi. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1898, magoya baya 14,000 sun zo kallon Spurs suna wasa da Woolwich Arsenal. Masu kallo sun hau kan rufin wurin shakatawa don ganin wasan da ya fi dacewa. Tsayawa ya rushe, ya haifar da wasu raunuka. Kamar yadda Northumberland Park ba zai iya jimrewa da manyan jama'a ba, Spurs ya nemi ƙasa mafi girma kuma ya koma shafin White Hart Lane a shekara ta 1899.

### White Hart Lane

An gina filin White Hart Lane a kan 'yanci shuka da ba a yi amfani da shi ba mallakar Charrington Brewery kuma yana bayan Gidan jama'a mai suna White Hart a kan Tottenham High Road (hanyar White Hart Lane da gaske tana da 'yan daruruwan yadudduka a arewacin babban ƙofar). Da farko an ba da hayar filin daga Charringtons, kuma an tura wuraren da suka yi amfani da su a Northumberland Park a nan, suna ba da mafaka ga masu kallo 2,500. Notts County sun kasance baƙi na farko zuwa 'Lane' a cikin abokantaka da mutane 5,000 ke kallo kuma suna ba da £ 115 a cikin rasit; Spurs sun ci 4-1. Queens Park Rangers sun zama baƙi na farko da suka yi gasa a ƙasa kuma mutane 11,000 sun ga sun rasa 1-0 ga Tottenham. A cikin 1905, Tottenham ta tara isasshen kuɗi don sayen mallakar ƙasar, da kuma ƙasa a arewacin (Paxton Road). 

## Manazarta