Masanan ilimin muhalli

**Ilimin muhalli na asibiti** shine wanda ya samu masu goyon baya suka bayar a cikin shekarun 1960s ga da'awar cewa fallasawa ga ƙananan matakan wasu sinadarai yana cutar da mutane masu saukin kamuwa, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin sinadarai da sauran cututtuka. ***Masana ilimin muhalli na asibiti*** mutane ne da ke tallafawa da inganta wannan reshe na maganin gargajiya. Sau da yawa suna da asali a fagen rashin lafiyan ko otorhinolaryngology, kuma tsarin ka'idoji ya samo asali ne daga ra'ayoyin gargajiya na amsawar rashin lafiyan, wanda Theron Randolph ya fara bayyanawa kuma Richard Mackarness ya haɓaka.

Masana ilimin muhalli na asibiti suna tallafawa alaƙar da ke haifar da sakamako ga alamun da ba takamaiman ba da wasu mutane suka ruwaito bayan ƙananan haɗuwa da sinadarai, kwayoyin halitta, ko masu jiki. Wannan tsari na karamin maganin ba a yarda da shi ba ta hanyar masu ilimin miyagun ƙwayoyi. Kodayake wasu daga cikin manyan likitoci na ci gaba da ƙin waɗannan da'awar, manufar tana samun karbuwa a ƙarƙashin tsarin zamani da ya fi bayyanawa a fili na maganin muhalli.

## Horarwa da cancanta
"Clinical Ecologist" wata hanyar muhalli ce wacce ta dace da aikin magani cikakke. Masu aiki tare da wannan daidaitawa ba sa amfani da kalmar "Clinical Ecologist," kodayake waɗanda ke adawa da wannan hanyar magani ta ƙarshe ga rashin lafiya sau da yawa har yanzu suna yin hakan. Ba kamar kalmomin kamar *likita* ko *ma'aikacin jinya* ba, kalmar *masanin ilimin muhalli na asibiti* ba a tsara ta doka a kowane iko ba, wanda ke nufin cewa kowane mutum na iya da'awar zama masanin ilimin halittu na asibiti. Idan ana so, za su iya samun takardar shaidar  ko zama memba daga ƙungiyar masu zaman kansu ta American Academy of Environmental Medicine bayan biyan kuɗi.

Many clinical ecologists are traditionally licensed healthcare professionals who hold advanced traditional medical certifications. Others may have a more alternative training. 

## Tarihi
Randolph ya wallafa littattafai da yawa don inganta ilimin muhalli da maganin muhalli, gami da:

A cikin shekarun 1980s wasu kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya da alƙalai sun ki amincewa da motsi,  kuma kamfanonin inshorar kiwon lafiya galibi sun ki biyan bashin su. An canza sunan al'umma daga Society for Clinical Ecology, a cewar abokan adawarsa, don tserewa daga mummunar suna.

Duk da rikice-rikice a cikin cibiyar kiwon lafiya ta gargajiya game da rarrabuwa da magani na MCS, MCS ta sami amincewa a cikin ikirarin biyan diyya na ma'aikata, alhakin laifi, da ayyukan tsarawa. Ƙaddamar da MCS ya haɗa da abubuwa huɗu: (1) ana samun cutar ne bayan bayyanar muhalli wanda zai iya haifar da hujja mai ma'ana na tasirin kiwon lafiya; (2) alamun suna nufin tsarin gabobin jiki da yawa kuma suna bambanta da bambance-bambance dangane da matakan da za'a iya auna su na sunadarai, amma matakan suna ƙasa da waɗanda aka sani da cutarwa; kuma (4) ba za a iya samun shaidar lalacewar gabobin jiki ba.

## Rikici
Ka'idodin Randolph game da tasirin sinadarai sun sha suka daga masu guba.  Fassararsa mafi fa'ida na "allergies" fiye da na IgE antibodies a cikin ainihin alerji ya ci karo da al'adun gargajiya na zamaninsa.  Tabbas, Randolph bai yi iƙirarin cewa tunanin muhalli shine "allergen na gaskiya" wanda IgE ya shiga tsakani ba, yana mai da'awar wannan kyakkyawan batu ba shi da mahimmanci ga mutanen da ke fama da rashin lafiyan halayen.  Yaƙin turf da masana masu ba da lafiya da shedu ƙwararrun tsaro suka yi a waɗannan shekarun shima bai da mahimmanci a yau fiye da yadda yake yi a da.  Da yawa Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kasa da Majalisar Bincike a cikin Ciwon Yaƙin Gulf sun tabbatar da tasirin ƙarancin bayyanar sinadarai a kan mutane masu hankali.

Ilimin muhalli na asibiti ba sanannen ƙwarewar likita ba ne. An soki likitoci saboda yaudarar marasa lafiya da marasa lafiya masu saurin tunani suyi tunanin cewa suna da ƙwarewar sinadarai. Masu sukar karni na ashirin na ilimin muhalli na asibiti sun caje cewa ba a taɓa bayyana ƙwarewar sinadarai da yawa (MCS) a sarari ba, ba a ba da wata hanyar da ta dace da kimiyya ba, ba tare da tabbatar da gwajin bincike ba, kuma ba a tabbatar da wata shari'a ta kimiyya ba. Nazarin da aka gudanar da kyau wanda ya kafa ka'idoji da ayyukan ilimin muhalli na asibiti ba a samo su ba a cikin sake dubawa na shaidar da ke tallafawa ayyukanta ta American Medical Association a cikin 1992,  Kwalejin Likitoci ta Amurka a cikin 1989,  Ƙungiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Kanada, Ƙungiyar Kulawa ta Duniya da Magunguna a cikin 1993,  Kwalejin Kula da Lafiyar Lafiyar Jama'a ta Amurka, Asthma da Immunology,  kuma kwanan nan ta Kwalejin Aiki ta Amurka a 1999 .

Ci gaban abinci na GMO da karuwar amfani da maganin ciyawa akan amfanin gona ya haifar da karuwar sha'awa a fannin kula da muhalli.  Muhawarar da ba ta da tushe ta karu tsakanin masu goyon bayan sabuwar fasahar noma da ke bayyana kansu a matsayin masana kimiyya masu hankali da kuma abokan adawa a matsayin jahilai masu faɗakarwa.  A gefe guda, masu adawa suna kwatanta magoya bayan a matsayin shills masana'antu na akida kuma su kansu a matsayin masu tunani masu mahimmanci da muhalli.  Duka ƙungiyoyin biyu suna da'awar su ne mafi rinjayen ra'ayi, kodayake yarjejeniya guda ɗaya da ke da nauyi ita ce cikin ƙungiyoyin gwamnati waɗanda ke yanke hukunci kan aminci.  Maganar ita ce kimiyyar da ba ta masana'antu ba wacce ke siffata maganin ciyawa da magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta na amfanin gona na GMO a matsayin masu rushewar endocrine.  Wannan rushewar kuma yana haifar da martanin tsarin garkuwar jiki daidai da waɗanda aka lura da yanayin muhalli

## Manazarta