Yanayin yanayi na Saint Petersburg

yanayin St. Petersburg yana da alama, mai dauke da abubuwan ruwa.  Wannan yankin yana da jawabin-aika akai-akai a cikin iska, saba saboda aikin guguwa.  Iska ta yamma da arewa maso yamma tana da ikon a lokacin rani, yamma da kudu maso yamma a cikin hunturu.

Tashoshin yanayi na St. Petersburg suna da bayanai tun 1722. Mafi girman zafin jiki da aka rubuta a St. Petersburg shine +37.1 °C  kuma mafi ƙasƙanci shine -41 °C. 

## Halaye na gaba ɗaya
Yanayin St. Petersburg yana da matsakaici, mai sauyawa daga matsakaici na nahiyar zuwa matsakaici. Wannan nau'in yanayi an bayyana shi ta wurin wurin ƙasa da yanayin yaduwar yanayi na yankin Leningrad. Wannan ya faru ne saboda ƙananan zafin rana da ke shiga saman duniya da yanayi.

Saboda karamin zafi na rana, danshi yana narkewa sannu a hankali. Jimlar iskar hasken rana a nan sau 1.5 kasa da a kudancin Ukraine, kuma rabin kamar yadda yake a Asiya ta Tsakiya. Akwai matsakaicin kwanaki 75 na rana a kowace shekara a St. Petersburg. Sabili da haka, kwanakin da ke da girgije, yanayin girgije da hasken wuta sun mamaye mafi yawan shekara. Tsawon rana a St. Petersburg ya bambanta daga sa'o'i 5 da minti 51 a lokacin sanyi zuwa sa'o-i 18 da minti 50 a lokacin rani. Ana lura da abin da ake kira "fararen dare" a cikin birni, yana zuwa a ranar 25-26 ga Mayu, lokacin da rana ta nutse a ƙasa da sararin samaniya da ba ta wuce 9 ° ba, kuma maraice ya kusan haɗuwa da safe. Fararen dare ya ƙare a ranar 16-17. Gabaɗaya, tsawon fararen dare ya fi kwanaki 50. Girman shekara-shekara na radiation na hasken rana kai tsaye a kan farfajiyar kwance a ƙarƙashin sararin samaniya ya kasance daga 25 MJ / m2 a watan Disamba zuwa 686 MJ / M2 a watan Yuni. A matsakaici, girgije yana rage isowar jimlar hasken rana da kashi 21% a kowace shekara, da kuma hasken rana kai tsaye da kashi 60%. Matsakaicin jimlar radiation na shekara-shekara shine 3156 MJ / m2. Yawan sa'o'i na hasken rana shine 1,628 a kowace shekara.

Dangane da lura na dogon lokaci, St. Petersburg yana da tasirin "tsibiran zafi", inda zafin jiki a cikin birni ya fi na yankunan da ke kewaye.

### Yankin sararin samaniya
Daga yamma da kudu maso yamma, daga Tekun Atlantika, inda Azores anticyclone da mafi ƙarancin matsin lamba suke, iska mai laushi ta teku ta shiga yankin, wanda ke da tasiri a kan yanayi. Birnin yana da zafi, lokacin bazara mai ruwan sama da kuma hunturu mai sauƙi. Daga arewa da arewa maso gabas, daga yankin polar na matsin lamba, iska mai sanyi da busassun Arctic sun shiga yankin, suna samarwa a kan kankara na Tekun Arctic. Yana shafar yanayin yankin da kuma yankin da ke da matsin lamba a Asiya ta Tsakiya. Daga waɗannan yankuna, daga gabas da kudu maso gabas, iska ta nahiyar ta shiga yankin, ta kawo bushewa da yanayi mai tsabta.

Rashin iska da ke fitowa daga Tekun Atlantika yana da tasiri mafi girma a kan yanayin yankin. A matsakaici, iskõki daga yamma, arewa maso yamma da kudu maso yamma suna da kusan 46% (a cikin kaka - kusan 50%) na duk iskõki, iskõk daga arewa da gabas - 28%, da kudu da kudu da kudancin gabas - 26%. Sakamakon canji da hulɗar iska daga wurare daban-daban shine bambancin yanayi na dogon lokaci da rashin kwanciyar hankali a duk shekara.

Yanayin birane wanda ke haifar da yanayi na musamman yana da tasiri a kan yanayin St. Petersburg (kazalika da kowane babban birni). Dust, hayaki, soot da sauran ƙazanta a cikin iska suna rage hasken rana a lokacin rana, kuma da dare suna jinkirta hasken ƙasa, suna rage sanyaya duniya. A lokacin rani, gine-ginen dutse da hanyoyi sun zama masu zafi sosai kuma suna tara zafi, kuma da dare suna ba da shi ga yanayi; a cikin hunturu, iska tana karɓar ƙarin zafi daga gine-guna masu dumama. A lokacin rani, yanayin zafi na rana a tsakiyar St. Petersburg yana da digiri 2-3 sama da na kewayen, kuma yanayin zafi yana da 15-20% ƙasa; a cikin hunturu, bambancin zafin jiki na iya kaiwa digiri 10-12, kuma zafi har zuwa 40%. Yankin da ya fi zafi a cikin birni shine Nevsky Prospekt . Iska a cikin birni ya fi rauni fiye da yankin da ke kewaye da shi a wuraren budewa (a matsakaici da 1-2 m / s) 

### Yanayin zafi na iska
Matsakaicin yanayin zafi na shekara-shekara a St. Petersburg, bisa ga abubuwan lura na 1991-2020, shine +6.3 ° C. Mafi ƙarancin matsakaicin yanayin iska na shekara-shekara, +0.9 °C, an rubuta shi a cikin 1809 kuma mafi girman zafin jiki shine +8.2 °C a cikin 2020. Watan da ya fi sanyi a cikin birni shine Fabrairu tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na -5.0 ° C, a cikin Janairu -4.8 ° C. Watan da ya fi zafi shine Yuli, tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na yau da kullun na +19.1 ° C. Ƙananan kewayon matsakaicin yanayin zafi na yau da kullun a watan Fabrairu da Yuli (24.1 ° C) yana nuna matsakaiciyar yanayin St. Petersburg. Mafi girman zafin jiki da aka rubuta a St. Petersburg don duk lokacin lura shine +37.1 ° C (Agusta 7, 2010),  kuma mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki shine -41 ° C (a cikin 1758 da 1767).

Ranar farko tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki mai kyau shine a farkon Afrilu, kuma ranar farko tare da Matsakaicin zabin jiki a ƙasa da sifili shine a tsakiyar - Nuwamba. Matsakaicin tsawon lokaci tare da matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin jiki na yau da kullun shine kwanaki 230, kuma tare da yanayin zafi sama da +5 ° C - kwanaki 165.

### Ruwan sama, zafi mai dangi, da girgije

Matsakaicin hazo na shekara-shekara a St. Petersburg shine game da 662 mm.  Amma adadin hazo yana da kusan 200-250 mm sama da ƙawancen danshi, wanda ke haifar da ƙara danshi.  Zafin iska a St. Petersburg koyaushe yana da girma.  Matsakaicin shekara shine kusan 75%, a lokacin rani - 60-70%, kuma a cikin hunturu - 80-96%.  Yawancin hazo yana faruwa daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba, tare da matsakaicin a watan Agusta kuma mafi ƙarancin a cikin Maris.  A cikin shekara, matsakaicin adadin kwanakin tare da hazo shine game da 200 (daga kwanaki 13 a watan Afrilu zuwa kwanaki 22 a watan Disamba), matsakaicin adadin sa'o'i tare da hazo a kowace shekara shine 1300. Rani mafi ruwan sama shine 1928, lokacin da 451 mm na hazo ya faɗi (tare da ka'ida shine 256 mm).  Mafi ruwan sama ya kasance a lokacin rani na 1928, lokacin da 451 mm na hazo ya fadi (tare da al'ada na 256 mm).  Lokacin rani mafi bushewa shine lokacin rani na 1858, lokacin da 98 mm na hazo ya faɗi a St. Petersburg.  A cikin karni na 20, ranakun da aka yi ruwan sama a St.  Yawancin tituna an rufe su da ruwa na 30-35 cm, jimlar yawan ruwan sama ya kai kimanin miliyan 35 m3.  A ranar 8 ga Agusta, 1947, 76 mm na hazo ya faɗi a cikin birni, wanda ya zarce yawan hazo na yau da kullun da sau 25-30.

Snow na farko yawanci yakan faɗi a farkon Nuwamba kuma yana ci gaba har zuwa tsakiyar Afrilu. Ruwan dusar ƙanƙara mai ɗorewa yana ɗaukar kwanaki 110 zuwa 145, a matsakaici daga farkon Disamba zuwa ƙarshen Maris. A ƙarshen Fabrairu, dusar ƙanƙara ta kai matsakaicin tsawo na kimanin 30-32 cm. Muhimmin girgije yana da kyau a yanayin zafi mai yawa. A matsakaita, akwai kwanaki 30 kawai marasa girgije a St. Petersburg a kowace shekara. Mafi girman girgije yana cikin hunturu (sama da 80%), mafi ƙasƙanci a lokacin rani (kimanin 50%). Ana lura da fogs, musamman a cikin kaka da farkon hunturu; matsakaicin adadin kwanakin hazo a kowace shekara kusan 32.

## Halaye na lokutan shekara

### Lokacin hunturu
Winter yawanci yana farawa a St. Petersburg a farkon Disamba;  farkonsa ya zo daidai da kafa murfin dusar ƙanƙara (amma akwai shekarun da aka kafa murfin dusar ƙanƙara a tsakiyar watan Janairu) da kuma samuwar ƙanƙara a saman kogin Neva.  Dangane da matsakaicin matsakaicin bayanai na dogon lokaci, yana faruwa a ranar 5 ga Disamba.  A cikin rabin farko na hunturu, yanayin yawanci ba shi da kwanciyar hankali, tare da narke akai-akai.  Rana ba ta da ƙarfi, yini gajere ne, kuma murfin dusar ƙanƙara yana da haske.  Iskar da ake shigowa da ita daga yamma da guguwar iska takan yi sanyi da sauri, kuma tururin ruwan da ke cikinsa yana takure, wanda ke haifar da gajimare da hazo.  A cikin Disamba, akwai a kan matsakaita kawai 2 bayyananne kwanaki.  Rabin na biyu na hunturu ya fi sanyi fiye da na farko.  Iskar da ke fitowa daga yamma tana ƙara yin sanyi, amma ƙasa da ɗanshi.  Saboda haka, murfin gajimare yana raguwa, hazo yana raguwa akai-akai, ƙarancin hazo, kuma iskan Arctic yana kutsawa sau da yawa, yana rage zafin jiki.

Yanayin hunturu a St. Petersburg ya dogara ne akan anticyclones da cyclones a cikin Atlantic.  A cikin shekarun da yankin da ake fama da matsanancin matsin lamba a cikin Tekun Atlantika ya faɗaɗa, iskar Atlantika yana ƙaruwa a St. Petersburg, wanda ke sa lokacin sanyi ya fi zafi.  Bisa ga dogon lokaci lura, irin wannan hunturu ana maimaita kusan sau biyu a cikin shekaru 11.  Don haka, a lokacin hunturu na 1924/25, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki na Janairu ya kasance -0.5 ° C, tsawon kwanaki 14 matsakaicin zafin rana ya kasance sama da 0 ° C, kuma wata rana ya kai +5 ° C.  A lokacin hunturu, yanayin ya kasance mai gajimare, hazo, da iska mai ƙarfi, yawan ruwan dusar ƙanƙara da narke.  Wasu daga cikin lokacin sanyi mafi zafi a St.  A cikin lokacin rashin yanayin yanayi a ƙarshen 2006 da farkon 2007, an saita sabbin cikakkun bayanan zafin jiki.  Don haka, a ranar 6 ga Disamba, 2006, yawan zafin jiki na iska ya tashi zuwa +10.9 ° C, wanda ya zama madaidaicin zafin jiki ba kawai ga Disamba ba, har ma ga duk lokacin hunturu a cikin tarihin abubuwan lura na yanayi.  A cikin wannan lokacin hunturu, an buge cikakken iyakar Janairu a cikin tarihin abubuwan lura: a ranar 10 ga Janairu, 2007, zafin jiki a St.

A lokaci guda, hunturu na 2009/2010 da 2010/2011 sun fi sanyi fiye da yadda aka saba kuma sun zama dusar ƙanƙara. Misali, a lokacin Disamba 21-26, 2009, 69 mm na hazo ya fadi a cikin nau'in dusar ƙanƙara, wanda ya fi 1.5 ka'idojin wata-wata. Kuma a farkon watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, dusar ƙanƙara ta kai 73 cm, ta karya rikodin 1966 (68 cm).  Bugu da kari, shekaru goma na biyu na Fabrairu 2011, tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na -19.5 ° C na kwanaki 10, ya zama mafi sanyi a tarihin abubuwan lura.

A cikin shekarun fadada yankin matsin lamba a cikin Tekun Atlantika a arewa maso gabas, yawan iska na Arctic yana ƙaruwa, kuma St. Petersburg yawanci yana fuskantar hunturu mai sanyi. Dangane da matsakaicin bayanai na dogon lokaci, wannan yana faruwa kusan sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 10. A lokacin da aka kewaye Leningrad a cikin hunturu na 1941/42, matsakaicin zafin Janairu ya kasance -18.7 ° C (10 ° C ƙasa da yadda aka saba), kuma a wasu kwanaki zafin ya sauka zuwa -30... -35 °C, babu narkewa, kuma dusar ƙanƙara ta kai 60 cm. Akwai irin wannan hunturu mai sanyi a cikin 1965/66. An rubuta mafi ƙarancin -35.9 °C a ranar 11 ga Janairu, 1883.
Fayil:Magic_Winter_Impressions_-_Sankt_Petersburg_-_Neva_Rim_4.jpg|Neva February 5, 1998
Fayil:Beggrow_015.jpeg|"Petersburg in winter". Painting by A. K. Beggrov, 1898
Fayil:Muziy_SPb_2010_3327.jpg|Alexander Palace in Pushkin on December 17, 2010
Fayil:View_from_the_stairs_of_Grand_Menshikov_Palace-002.jpg|The Picture House in Lomonosov. February 16, 2006


### Lokacin bazara
Lokacin bazara a St.  Spring "yana farkawa" a hankali fiye da maƙwabta, mafi yawan yankunan nahiyoyi: tasirin manyan tafkunan da aka sanyaya a lokacin hunturu yana shafar.  Matsakaicin zafin rana sama da 0 ° C ana saita shi a farkon Afrilu, jim kaɗan bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke;  yakan kai 5 °C a karshen Afrilu da 10 ° C a watan Mayu.  Matsin yanayi ya fi girma a lokacin bazara, kuma guguwa ba ta da yawa, don haka yanayin yana da inganci.  Yawan kwanakin tare da hazo yana ƙasa da sauran lokutan shekara, 13.9 a cikin Maris (12.7-12.8 a watan Afrilu, Mayu), ƙasa da girgije fiye da lokacin hunturu (kwanaki 8-10 tare da bayyananniyar yanayi), ƙarancin dangi (76% a cikin Maris da 60% a watan Mayu) da saurin iska.  Koyaya, yanayin sanyi yakan dawo.  Iskar arewa-maso-gabas wani lokaci yakan kawo tsawan sanyi da sanyin dare daga Tekun Arctic;  Suna kuma kora kankara na Ladoga zuwa cikin Neva.  A matsakaita, an yi bikin sanyi na ƙarshe a ranar 5 ga Mayu, amma yana yiwuwa har sai Mayu 28, kuma a kan ƙasa - ranar 6 ga Yuni (1962).  Gabaɗaya, don duk lokacin kalandar bazara a St.  An rubuta cikakken mafi ƙarancin zafin iska a bazara a St. Petersburg a ranar 22 ga Maris, 1883: -29.9 ° C.  An yi rikodin madaidaicin madaidaicin a ranar 19 ga Mayu, 2014: +33 ° C.  A lokaci guda, yanayin zafi a cikin Maris na iya wuce +10 digiri Celsius: matsakaicin rikodin Maris an rubuta shi a kan Maris 30, 2025: +16.1 ° C.[1].  A watan Mayu, mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki zai iya kaiwa ~ -5 ° C.  An saita mafi ƙarancin rikodin Mayu na -6.6 °C akan Mayu 3, 1885.
Fayil:Sverdlovskaya_embankment_1.jpg|View from the Sverdlovsk embankment of the Neva River to the Bolshaya Okhta River and Komarovsky Bridge. March 23, 2008
Fayil:Second_district_of_Big_port_Saint_Petersburg.jpg|The great port of Saint Petersburg. March 22, 2010
Fayil:Sankt-Petěrburg,_Park_Vítězství_(2).jpg|Victory Park. May 2, 2008
Fayil:Kolpino_Gorodskoy_sad.jpg|The Izhora River. May 28, 2009
A farkon lokacin rani, sanyi ya tsaya. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na yau da kullun a watan Yuni ya kai +14.8 ° C, kuma a watan Yuli +17.8 ° C. St. Petersburg ta sami kanta a cikin wani yanki na matsin lamba, kuma iska ta Atlantic tana gudana zuwa gare ta daga yamma. Cyclones suna karuwa, yayin da yanayin yanayin bazara ya dogara da hanyoyin motsi. Yayin da cibiyar guguwa ta wuce kudu da birnin, St. Petersburg ta fada cikin bayan guguwar kuma iskõki na arewa sun mamaye, suna kawo sanyi da ruwan sama. Lokacin da cibiyar guguwar ta wuce kan Barents da White Seas, St. Petersburg ta fada cikin ɓangaren zafi na guguwar kuma iskõki na kudu sun mamaye kuma yanayin yana da kyau da dumi. Matsakaicin zafin jiki yana sama da +25 ° C na kwanaki 16 a shekara. An lura da matsakaicin +37.1 °C a ranar 7 ga Agusta, 2010. An lura da mafi ƙarancin 0 ° C a lokacin rani a watan Yunin 1930.

A rabi na biyu na lokacin rani, guguwa sun fi yawa kuma sun fi karfi. Irin wannan yanayi yana faruwa a cikin shekaru tare da guguwa mai tsanani. Yana da sanyi a watan Agusta, tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na yau da kullun ya sauka zuwa +16 ° C.
Fayil:SPB_Admiralty_1890-1900.jpg|View of the Neva and the Main Admiralty 1890-1900
Fayil:NevaBridgeWhiteNight.JPG|Palace Bridge. White Nights. 01:23, June 13, 2003
Fayil:Palace-p1030731.jpg|Catherine Park (Pushkin) - Catherine Park in Tsarskoe Selo. July 22, 2009
Fayil:Petershof_2005_m.jpg|Peterhof (museum-reserve) - Lower Park in Peterhof. August 3, 2005
Kaka a St.  sanyi na farko yana faruwa ne a matsakaita a ranar 10 ga Oktoba, wanda aka rubuta na farko a ranar 15 ga Satumba, 1944. Dusar ƙanƙara ta faru a baya a ƙasa, farkon ranar 29 ga Agusta, 1973. A farkon rabin Satumba, yanayin yana dumi da bushewa;  Matsakaicin zafin rana yakan wuce +10 ° C, kodayake sanyi yana faruwa da dare.  Tun daga rabin na biyu na Oktoba, ayyukan cyclonic suna ƙaruwa, sannu a hankali gajimare, rigar da iska tare da ruwan sama mai yawa ya zama mafi girma;  gizagizai da ƙarancin dangi yana ƙaruwa (81-87%), saurin iska yana ƙaruwa.  Matsakaicin zafin jiki na wata-wata yana raguwa daga +10.8 °C a watan Satumba zuwa +4.8 °C a watan Oktoba da zuwa +0.5 °C a watan Nuwamba..

A ƙarshen Satumba - farkon (kuma wani lokacin tsakiyar) A watan Oktoba, akwai dawowar zafi: rana, zafi da bushewar yanayi ya saita na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Wannan shi ne abin da ake kira "Jami'ar Indiya". A cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Nuwamba, matsakaicin zafin jiki na yau da kullun ya sauka ƙasa da 0 ° C. Ƙarshen kaka yana zuwa. An lura da matsakaicin kaka +30.4 °C a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 1992. An lura da mafi ƙarancin kaka -22.2 °C a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, 1890. 
Fayil:Финский_залив_с_пристани_Крестовского_острова_перед_грозой.jpg|Gulf of Finland from the pier of Krestovsky Island (Saint Petersburg) - Krestovsky Island before a thunderstorm. September 30, 2011
Fayil:Viskont'ev_bridge.JPG|Pavlovsk Park - Park in Pavlovsk. September 29, 2007
Fayil:Magic_Sankt_Petersburg_-_it's_parks_1.jpg|Central Park of Culture and Leisure named after S. M. Kirov - Yelagin Island. October 15, 2002


## Abubuwan da ke da haɗari na ruwa
Saboda babban canjin yanayi, wani lokacin a cikin rana ɗaya, yankin arewa maso yammacin Rasha yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi wuya a hango. Baya ga sauye-sauyen yanayi na kwatsam, wanda a cikin kansu abubuwa ne marasa kyau, kusan dukkanin abubuwan da ke da haɗari na yanayi ana lura da su a yankin St. Petersburg: iska mai ƙarfi, gami da guguwa da guguwar guguwa, dusar ƙanƙara da dusar ƙuƙara, ƙanƙarar ƙanƙanta, ƙanshin ƙanƙantar ƙanƙaru da ruwan sama mai tsawo, tsawo, ƙanayi, ƙanchari, ƙancharwa da ambaliyar ruwa. A ranar 9 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2010, an yi rikodin guguwa a lokacin tsawa a Kolpino, wani yanki na St. Petersburg. Ba zato ba tsammani ya sauka, ya ɗauki motar VAZ da aka ajiye kuma, ya jefa shi a kan shinge na filin ajiye motoci, ya fadi cikin wasu motoci, yayin da ya lalata motoci shida. A kan titi, guguwar ta karya bishiyoyi kuma ta yanke layin wutar lantarki.

Wani fasalin yanayin yankin shine bambancin yanayi daga shekaru daban-daban. A wasu shekaru, akwai sanyi mai tsanani a cikin hunturu: alal misali, a cikin hunturo na 1941-1942, zafin jiki a watan Janairu ya kasance 12 ° ƙasa da matsakaicin lokaci. Lokacin hunturu yana da dumi sosai, alal misali, a cikin 1924-1925, lokacin da Kogin Neva bai ma daskare ba. Mafi yawan ruwan sama a St. Petersburg a rana ɗaya shine 75.7 mm. Wannan adadin ruwa ya buge birnin a lokacin ruwan sama a ranar 8 ga Agusta, 1947. 

Ambaliyar ruwa mai haɗari da bala'i suna faruwa akai-akai sakamakon ambaliyar ruwa daga Tekun Finland. Iska ta kudu maso yamma da yamma tana haifar da ruwa da ke shiga cikin Tekun Finland kuma matakin sa yana tashi a cikin ƙananan kogin Neva, wanda ke haifar da ambaliyar ruwa. Ana yin rikodin ambaliyar ruwa lokacin da ruwa ya tashi sama da 160 cm sama da sifili na Kronstadt footstock ko sama da 150 cm sama da ordinarium a Jami'ar Mining. Ambaliyar ruwa tare da hauhawar ruwa har zuwa 210 cm ana ɗaukar su haɗari, har zuwa 299 cm - musamman haɗari, sama da 300 cm - bala'i. Ruwa a cikin Neva yana tashi kusan kowace shekara, galibi a cikin kaka. Akwai ambaliyar ruwa mai ban tsoro a tarihin birnin: a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba (19), 1824, ambaliyar da ta fi karfi a tarihin St. Petersburg ta faru (wanda A. S. Pushkin ya bayyana a cikin waka "The Bronze Horseman"), lokacin da ruwa ya tashi 421 cm sama da talakawa.[26] Har ila yau, ambaliyar ruwa mafi girma ita ce: Satumba 23, 1924 (matakin ruwa ya kasance 369 cm), Satumba 10 (21), 1777 (321 cm), Oktoba 15, 1955 (293 cm), Satumbar 29, 1975 (281 cm). 

Snow, kankara, da icicles na iya fadowa daga rufin a cikin hunturu. Mazauna sun ji rauni, gami da mutuwa, kuma motocin da aka ajiye suna fama. A cewar kamfanin dillancin labarai na Rosbalt-Petersburg, an kwantar da mutane 18 a asibiti a cikin birni daga irin waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru a makon da ya gabata na Janairu da makon farko na Fabrairu 2010 kadai. A farkon shekara ta 2010, gwamnan St. Petersburg, Valentina Matvienko, ta ba da shawarar yanke rufin rufi tare da laser ko tururi, kuma a farkon shekara ta 2011, don shigar da dalibai da marasa gida a tsaftace tituna. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2010, an sanar da gasa don cire dusar ƙanƙara da rigakafin kankara a kan rufin. kuma a ƙarshen shekara ta 2010, an buga sakamakon, bisa ga abin da aka ba da wuri na farko ga kamfani wanda ya ba da ƙarancin zafi na attics ta amfani da layin ulu na muhalli.

## Canjin yanayi
Tashoshin yanayi na St. Petersburg suna da bayanai kusan kusan shekaru 300; na irin wannan dogon lokaci, babu wani bayani na yanayi na tsari ga kowane ɗayan ƙauyuka a Rasha, kuma babu da yawa a duk duniya.

Yawancin matsakaicin zafin jiki a St. Petersburg ta wata an rubuta su a cikin karni na XVIII, XIX, ko farkon karni na XX, yayin da farkon karni na XXI ya ƙunshi mafi yawan yawan zafin jiki. A lokaci guda, ga bayanan da aka samu daga tashar yanayi ta hukuma da ke gefen Petrogradskaya. A halin yanzu, ya kamata a bi da mutum tare da digiri na taka tsantsan: zafin jiki a tsakiyar babban birni yana da digiri da yawa fiye da a gefen, musamman a cikin hunturu. Wannan tasirin zafi na birni bai kasance a cikin ƙarni na 19 da farkon ƙarni na 20.

## Tarihin abubuwan lura da yanayi
An fara lura da yanayin yanayi na tsari a St.  Cibiyar Kimiyya ta aiwatar da su.  An auna matsa lamba na yanayi ta amfani da barometer kuma an auna zafin iska ta amfani da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio.  An kuma lura da saurin iskar da alkibla, gajimare da sauran al'amuran yanayi, ambaliya, da lokacin daskarewa da bude kogin Neva.  A shekara ta 1727, an kafa hanyar sadarwa ta tashoshin yanayi a cikin birni.  A ƙarshen karni na 19, an rasa ma'aunin zafin iska na Kwalejin Kimiyya daga 1726 zuwa 1780[.  Sakamakon binciken kayan aiki na yau da kullun na yanayin zafin iska ta likita I. J. Lerche daga 1743 zuwa 1780 an kiyaye shi.  Lerche yayi amfani da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio na masana'anta.  A farkon shekarun, ya yi ma'auni akan ma'auni daban-daban na zafin jiki, kuma tun daga 1751 kawai akan ma'aunin Fahrenheit.  Ana lura da sau uku a rana: kafin fitowar rana, da tsakar rana da kuma maraice.  Tun 1778, jaridu sun fara buga bayanai game da yanayin

Daga 1769 zuwa 1800, I. A. Euler ne ya gudanar da ma'aunin zafin iska a Kwalejin Kimiyya. Binciken ya faru sau 3 a rana: a karfe 6, 14 da 22. Daga 1822 zuwa 1836, V. K. Vishnevsky ya yi la'akari da shi ta amfani da ma'aunin zafi da ke waje da windows na bene na biyu na ginin Kwalejin Kimiyya. A cikin 1835, abubuwan lura da yanayi daga Kwalejin Kimiyya sun koma wani wuri, zuwa sabon wurin lura da yanayin yanayi da magnetic na Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Ma'adinai, wanda ke cikin ciyawa a kan layin 21 na Tsibirin Vasilyevsky. Ana sa ido kan zafin iska kowane sa'o'i 2. Daga 1841 zuwa 1862, an gudanar da lura da zafin iska na sa'a. Wani ma'auni mai ma'aunin zafi tare da sikelin Rheaumur yana da tsawo na 1.5 m a cikin akwati da aka ɗora a kan sanda kusa da arewacin ginin kusa da taga. Akwatin ya buɗe daga ƙasa kuma daga gefen taga, sauran sassan sun rufe ma'aunin zafi daga hasken rana da hazo. A shekara ta 1862, an rushe ginin mai lura. Tun daga shekara ta 1863, an gudanar da lura daga Babban Cibiyar Kula da Harkokin Kasuwanci da ke gaban Ginin Ma'adinai a wancan gefen titin. Gidan kallo da kansa, inda aka yi abubuwan lura, ƙaramin gini ne na katako mai mita 25 a yammacin babban ginin dutse na Babban Gidan Bincike. An auna zafin jiki ta amfani da psychrometers da aka sanya kusa da windows a bangarorin biyu na ginin - daya kafin tsakar rana ɗayan kuma bayan tsakar rana. An sanya psychrometers a cikin akwatunan tin da aka sanya a tsawo na 2.3 m, auna 48 x 25 x 24 cm tare da bangon gefe guda uku, murfin, da kasa tare da ramuka a ciki. A cikin 1867, girman akwatin kariya ya ɗan ƙaru, kuma an yi bangon gefe a cikin nau'in makafi. A cikin 1870, an shigar da thermograph da hygrograph, wanda, tare da thermometer, suna da 3.4 m sama da ƙasa a cikin akwatin zinc tare da ganuwar a cikin nau'in makafi. Akwatin da kansa yana cikin katako na katako wanda ke auna mita biyu da mita biyu da tsawo 2.5, wanda aka ɗora a kan ginshiƙai 2.5 m tsawo. Gidan yana buɗewa daga ƙasa da gefen arewa, rufin da bangon kudu suna da ƙarfi, kuma bangon yamma da gabas an yi su ne a matsayin makafi. ; An shirya bututu daga akwatin zinc ta rufin katako, an rufe shi daga sama da laima. Daga 1863 zuwa 1869, an sake yin ma'aunin zafin iska kowane sa'a 2; tun 1870, sun koma ga lura da sa'a. Har ila yau, a cikin 1870, Rasha ta sauya zuwa amfani da sikelin Celsius, kafin a yi amfani da ma'aunin zafi tare da sikelin Reaumur.

A 1933, tashar yanayi daga Vasilyevsky Island aka canjawa wuri zuwa Aptekarsky Island a 3 Dahl Street.  A shekara ta 1970, an fara gina ginin Matasa na Leningrad a wurin tashar yanayi.  Kuma an ƙaura zuwa wani sabon wuri mai nisan mita 300 kudu maso yamma, a 48 Farfesa Popov Street, inda har yanzu tashar yanayi take.  Ma'auni na synoptic na tashar shine 26063. Daga 1883 zuwa 1964, an gudanar da lura a tashar meteorological a Kwalejin daji, kuma daga 1878 zuwa 1941 a Pavlovsky Magnetic and Meteorological Observatory.  Maimakon tashar yanayi a Pavlovsk, wanda aka lalata a lokacin Babban Yaƙin Patriotic, an buɗe sabon tashar yanayi a cikin 1946 a ƙauyen Voeikovo (index 26002) a gabashin St. Petersburg.  Tun daga 1924, tashar yanayi tana aiki a tashar jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci (index 26062), a cikin 2017 an rage shi zuwa matsayi na matsayi na ruwa;  tun 1975, wani tashar yanayi a Leningrad Hydrometeorological Institute ya fara aiki.

A halin yanzu, ana gudanar da abubuwan lura na hydrometeorological bisa ga shirin kasa da kasa guda ɗaya kuma sun haɗa da ma'aunin zafin jiki, matsa lamba na iska da zafi, zafin ƙasa, saurin iska da jagora, halaye daban-daban na hasken rana, da hazo.  Rarraba matsa lamba, iska, zafi da zafin jiki a tsayin kilomita 40 an ƙaddara ta amfani da radiosonde (a cikin 1930, an ƙaddamar da radiosonde na farko a Pavlovsk).  Tun daga shekara ta 1968, ana yin abubuwan lura ta amfani da radar yanayi.  The lura da aka lura da Hydrological kwamitin tun 1903, da kuma Hydrological Cibiyar tun 1919. A 1929, da hydrological da meteorological ayyuka na USSR sun kasance da haɗin kai da kuma gudanar da hadedde hydrometeorological lura, dangane da su bayanai, sun samar da yawan jama'a, hukumomi da kuma management bayanai game da ainihin da kuma sa ran yanayin hydrometeorological.  Akwai fiye da 20 hydrometeorological tashoshi a St. Petersburg da Leningrad yankin (ciki har da St. Petersburg da kuma kusa: a gefen Petrogradskaya kusa da Palace of Youth (26063), a Kronstadt (26060), Roshchino (22896), Lisy Nos (22899), Lomono4sov (26065) Airport (26063).  (26002)