Blue space

## Blue space
A cikin tsara birane da zane, *“blue space”* (ko *tsarin ruwa*) yana nufin wuraren da ruwa ke mamaye su kamar *tafkuna, koguna, da ruwan saman kasa*. Ana haɗa shi da *greenspace* wato wuraren kore kamar *lambuna, filayen shakatawa*, da makamantansu.

Wuraren ruwa masu sauƙin zuwa* na iya taimakawa wajen farfado da unguwanni da kuma ƙarfafa alaƙar zamantakewa tsakanin mutane, kamar yadda aka gani a *aikin gyaran gabar ruwa na Chattanooga* (Tennessee), *CityDeck a Green Bay* (Wisconsin), ko *Brooklyn Bridge Park* a New York City. Haka kuma, ana ƙara ƙayatar da irin waɗannan wurare ta hanyar bukukuwa na bakin ruwa kamar *hasken Kirsimeti na Medellin* a ƙasar Colombia.

Dokokin zane da suka ƙarfafa gina gine-gine masu lafiya* — kamar *WELL* wanda *The International WELL Building Institute™ (IWBI™)* ke kula da shi, ko *Fitwel* wanda *The Center for Active Design (CfAD)* ya kirkiro kuma ke kula da shi — na ba da shawarar saka *abubuwan ruwa* a cikin gine-gine domin inganta *lafiya da jin daɗin mazauna gine-ginen*.

Haka kuma, *"tushe 9 na Gina Lafiyayyen Gini"* wanda *Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health* ya haɓaka, yana bada shawarar a samu *dama ta cikin gida zuwa ganin yanayin halitta* ko abubuwan da suka danganci yanayi.

Saboda unguwanni da ke da damar zuwa wuraren halitta masu kyau sukan fuskanci *sauyin al’umma (gentrification)*, *amfanin zamantakewa* da ke tattare da wuraren ruwa na iya *rarrabuwa ba daidai ba*, inda unguwanni marasa ƙarfi ke rasa damar zuwa *wuraren ruwa masu inganci*.

## Alfano ga lafiya

Kusanci da wuraren ruwa* na iya kawo wasu haɗurra ga mutane, kamar *cututtuka masu nasaba da ruwa a ruwan sha*, *barazanar ambaliya*, ko *nutsewa*.  

Amma shaidar kimiyya tana nuna cewa *hulɗa da wuraren ruwa (blue spaces)* na da alaƙa da *fa'idodin lafiya da dama* ga waɗanda ke zaune kusa da waɗannan wuraren. Wannan ya bayyana a cikin littafin *Blue Mind* na masanin ilimin halittar teku *Wallace J. Nichols*.

 Wani daga cikin hanyoyin da za a iya bayyana wannan al'amari shi ne ta hanyar *ra'ayin Biophilia* wanda *Edward O. Wilson* ya haɓaka.

Wannan ra’ayi yana bayyana cewa mutane sun haɓaka ƙawance mai ƙarfi da yanayi a tsawon ci gabansu, wanda ke sa su *a hankali (ba tare da sani ba)* su riƙa *nema da sha’awar kasancewa a cikin muhallin halitta*, ciki har da *wuraren kore (greenspaces)* da *wuraren ruwa (blue spaces)*.

Bincike na baya-bayan nan ya gano hanyoyi uku masu muhimmanci da za su iya ƙarin bayyana dalilin da yasa *kusanci da wuraren kore da na ruwa* ke da *amfani ga lafiya*.

## Restoration

## yana bayanin yadda halayen yanayi waɗanda ba sa kawo barazana ke iya rage mummunan ji da kuma ƙara dawo da ƙarfin tunani.

## instoration
Instoration* yana mai da hankali ne kan ƙarfafa motsa jiki da sauran sakamako masu kyau da ke tattare da ƙaruwa a motsa jiki da haɗin kai na zamantakewa wanda wuraren halitta ke ƙarfafawa.

## Mitigation
Magance matsaloli* yana mayar da hankali ne kan waɗannan fa'idodin lafiya dangane da ingantattun abubuwan da muhallin halitta ke kawo wa wuraren da aka gina, kamar rage *tsibirin zafi na birni*, *gurɓataccen iska daga ababen hawa*, ko *hayaniyar zirga-zirga*.

Ayyana fa'idodin muhalli na wani shirin inganta wuraren ruwa na iya yiwuwa ta hanyar gudanar da *kimantawar tasirin lafiya (Health Impact Assessment - HIA)*.

*Tasiri a kan lafiyar jiki*  

Ƙaruwa a motsa jiki*

Masu tafiya a kan hanyar bakin teku a Michael, Isle of Man  

Wasu bincike da dama sun gano cewa mutane masu zama kusa da yankunan bakin teku suna da ƙarancin zama a wuri guda (sedentary), suna kuma fi son yin motsa jiki mai matsakaici da ƙarfi wanda ya dace da lafiya. Wannan na iya kasancewa saboda akwai hanyoyi na tafiya da ke ƙarfafa mutane su yi motsa jiki a bakin teku. Wani dalili kuma shi ne kyawawan abubuwan gani na wuraren ruwa (blue spaces) da ke motsa mutane su yi motsa jiki a irin waɗannan wurare.

Wani bincike a Ingila ya nuna cewa, ko da yake ana yin ayyuka masu ƙarfi sosai a wuraren ƙauye da wuraren kore na birane fiye da wuraren bakin teku, ziyartar bakin teku yana da alaƙa da mafi yawan kuzarin da aka ƙone gaba ɗaya saboda tsawon lokacin da ake yin motsa jiki a bakin teku yakan fi tsayi.

Sakamakon ya bambanta dangane da ko mutumin yana zaune a birni ko ƙauye, har ma da nisan da mutumin ya yi tafiya zuwa wurin da ya je.

Kusanci da wuraren ruwa kawai ba ya wadatarwa wajen ƙarfafa ƙaruwa a matakin motsa jiki*, domin dole ne irin waɗannan wurare su kasance masu sauƙin isa ga mutane. Wani bincike da ya mayar da hankali kan matasa ya gano cewa waɗanda ke zaune kusa da rairayin bakin teku amma akwai babban titi tsakanin gidajensu da ruwan, suna da ƙananan matakan motsa jiki fiye da waɗanda ke da *kai tsaye zuwa bakin teku*.

Rage kiba*  

Ziyartar wuraren ruwa (blue spaces) na iya rage kiba domin yana ƙarfafa ƙaruwa a motsa jiki. Wani bincike ya nuna cewa *zama nesa da wuraren kore ko bakin ruwa da za a iya amfani da su a cikin birane* na iya ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da kiba.

## *Ingantacciyar lafiyar numfashi*

## Zama kusa da wuraren ruwa na iya inganta rayuwar mutane masu cututtukan numfashi, kamar asma. Wannan na iya kasancewa sakamakon *hayaki mai danshi da yayyafa da ruwa ke haifarwa* yayin motsinsa, kamar yadda wani bincike ya nuna wajen auna tasirin lafiyar wuraren kore da ruwa ga masu *matsanancin ciwon numfashi (COPD)*.

## *Lafiyar hankali*

## *Ingantacciyar lafiya gaba ɗaya*

## Masu bincike sun gano cewa mutane a ƙasashe 15 na Turai da Ostiraliya sun fi bayar da rahoton samun lafiya mai kyau idan suna zaune kusa da bakin teku ko suna yawan ziyartarsa.

## Haka kuma, bincike ya nuna raguwar cututtukan hankali ga mutanen da ke zaune kusa da wuraren kore ko bakin ruwa. Wasu binciken sun nuna cewa kasancewa kusa da teku ko gudu a bakin kogi ya taimaka wa tsoffin sojoji da ke fama da PTSD (ciwon damuwa bayan wani abu mai tsanani).

## Wasu kuma sun gano cewa shiga ayyukan da suka shafi ruwa kamar su *surfing* na iya taimaka wa mutane wajen fuskantar matsalolin lafiya ta hankali da kuma bunƙasa *yarda da kai da dogaro da kai*.

## Wani babban bincike da ya duba alaƙar tsakanin hulɗar yara da wuraren ruwa da jin daɗin manya, ya gano cewa *yara da suka sha hulɗa da wuraren ruwa* na da mafi kyawun jin daɗin rayuwa a girma.*Ingantaccen yanayi da farin ciki*

## Kasancewa kusa da wuraren ruwa (blue spaces) na da alaƙa da *ƙaruwa a farin ciki*. Wani rukuni na masu bincike da suka nazarci tasirin wuraren kore da ruwa a kan farin ciki sun yi amfani da manhajar waya don bin diddigin yadda mutane ke ji yayin da suke kusa da wuraren ruwa.

## Masu binciken sun gano cewa *matakin farin ciki yana ƙaruwa* a wajen mutane da ke kusa da wuraren ruwa.

## Kamar yadda aka gani a binciken lafiyar jiki, *tasirin kyau na wuraren ruwa a kan yanayi da jin daɗi* yana raguwa idan tazarar da ke tsakanin wurin zama da ruwan ta yi tsawo.

Ingantacciyar murmurewa daga jaraba ta miyagun ƙwayoyi da giya*  

Shirye-shiryen ilimi a wuraren ruwa* – kamar su tuka jirgin ruwa (sailing) – an nuna cewa suna da *tasiri mai kyau* ga mutanen da ke cikin shirin warkewa daga jaraba ta miyagun ƙwayoyi da giya.

#### *Kayan aikin tantance inganci*

#### Domin fahimtar yadda wuraren ruwa (blue spaces) za su iya tasiri kan halayen da ke inganta lafiya, wani rukuni na masu bincike da ke mai da hankali kan waɗannan wurare sun ƙirƙiri sabbin kayan aiki da aka ƙera musamman don *auna inganci da yuwuwar fa'idar lafiya* daga irin waɗannan wurare, haɗurran da ke tattare da amfani da su, da kuma *ingancin muhalli*.

#### *BlueHealth Environmental Assessment Tool (BEAT)* – yana ba da damar tantance abubuwan muhalli da halaye da ke tasiri kan *dama zuwa wuraren ruwa*, amfani da su, da ayyukan da ke inganta lafiya.

#### An ƙirƙiri wannan kayan aiki domin *al’umma da masu tsara birane ko shimfiɗar ƙasa* su yi amfani da shi.

#### 

## References
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# **^** Godfrey, C. "The Positive Impact of Structured Surfing Courses on the Wellbeing of Vulnerable Young People." Community Practitioner. 88.1 (2015): 26. Web.
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