Tony Yengeni

**Tony Sithembiso Yengeni** (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Oktoba 1954) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma tsohon ɗan gwagwarmayar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata. Ya wakilci jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC) a majalisar wakilai ta ƙasa  daga watan Mayu 1994 zuwa Maris 2003, ciki har da babban mai kare jam'iyyar masu rinjaye daga watan Nuwamba 1998 zuwa Oktoba 2001. Ya kasance mamba a kwamitin zartaswar jam’iyyar ANC na ƙasa  tsakanin shekarun 1994 zuwa 2022, duk da cewa ya yi murabus daga siyasar majalisa bayan an same shi da laifin zamba a shekarar 2003.

Yengeni ya taso ne a yankin Cape Flats amma ya shiga jam'iyyar ANC a shekarar 1976 kuma ya tafi gudun hijira tare da reshen jam'iyyar da ke ɗauke da makamai, Umkhonto we Sizwe. A cikin shekarar 1986, ya koma Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin kwamandan gine-ginen Umkhonto we Sizwe a Cape Town. An tsare shi ne saboda fafutukarsa tsakanin shekarun 1987 zuwa 1991, yana jiran shari'a kan zargin ta'addanci, amma an tuhume shi da sake shi a watan Maris na 1991 a lokacin tattaunawar kawo ƙarshen mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata. Bayan haka, ya kasance sakataren yanki na jam'iyyar ANC a Western Cape har zuwa babban zaɓen shekarar 1994, lokacin da aka zaɓe shi a majalisar dokokin ƙasar.

A majalisar dokokin ƙasar, kafin a naɗa shi a matsayin babban mai shari’a, Yengeni ya shugabanci kwamitin haɗin gwiwa kan tsaro a majalisar dimokuraɗiyya ta farko daga shekarun 1994 zuwa 1998. Ayyukansa a cikin kwamitin sun haifar da tuhumar aikata laifuka yayin bincike kan zargin cin hanci da rashawa a cikin yarjejeniyar makamai. A shekara ta 2003, an same shi da laifin zamba. An yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru huɗu a gidan yari, amma ya yi watanni huɗu kawai,  saboda samun rangwame ba bisa ka'ida ba kan wata mota kirar Mercedes Benz da ya saya.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Yengeni a ranar 11 ga watan Oktoba 1954 a Cape Town. Ya girma a Gugulethu da Nyanga, duka garuruwan kan Cape Flats, kuma ya yi karatun digiri a Kwalejin Fort Beaufort a Cape Town.

## Gwagwarmayar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata
Ya shiga siyasar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata ta hanyar Black Consciousness Movement kafin ya shiga haramtacciyar jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC) a shekarar 1976.  Ya tafi gudun hijira tare da ANC a cikin Jihohin gaba, yana samun horon soja a sansanonin Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) a Lesotho, Botswana, Zambia, da Angola; Ya kuma yi tafiya zuwa Moscow a cikin Tarayyar Soviet don yin karatun digiri na ilimin zamantakewa a shekarar 1982. Daga baya ya samu goyon bayan ƙungiyar kwadago ta Afirka ta Kudu a Lesotho, inda ya kasance sakataren yankin. 

### Tsarewa da shari'a: 1986-1991
A shekarar 1986, Yengeni ya koma Afirka ta Kudu inda ya jagoranci tawagar ƙarƙashin ƙasa ta MK a birnin Cape Town. A shekara mai zuwa, a wani farmaki da aka kai wa cibiyar sadarwarsa ta MK, an kama Yengeni kuma an tsare shi na har abada a ƙarƙashin sashe na 29 na Dokar Tsaron Cikin Gida.   Ana jiran shari'a a kurkukun Pollsmoor, shi da sauran sun shiga yajin cin abinci wanda ya sami kulawar jama'a, suna neman a inganta yanayin tsare mutane, ciki har da cewa su waɗanda ake tuhuma  bai kamata a gudanar da su a wuraren da aka ware na launin fata ba.

A cikin abin da aka fi sani da gwajin Yengeni ko gwajin bakan gizo (don bambancin launin fata na waɗanda ake tuhuma), jihar ta bi tuhume-tuhumen ta'addanci saukowa daga tuhumar cin amanar ƙasa  na farko  a kan Yengeni da wasu 13, ciki har da Jenny Schreiner da matarsa ta gaba.  An zarge su da dasa bama-bamai biyu (waɗanda ba su cutar da kowa ba) da kuma mallakar bindigogi da abubuwan fashewa ba bisa ka'ida ba. Waɗanda ake tuhumar sun yi amfani da ƙarar don dalilai na siyasa; misali sun ki amsa laifinsu ko kuma basu aikata laifin ba, a maimakon haka sun shiga wata doguwar ƙara wacce ta sauya zarge-zargen ta’addanci da cin amanar ƙasa da ake yi wa ƙasa sannan ta kare da cewa, “Nasara ta tabbata, Afirka ta Kudu za ta samu ‘yanci. A cikin watan Maris 1991, yayin ɗage shari'ar kuma a cikin tattaunawar da ake yi na kawo ƙarshen mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata, Ministan Shari'a Kobie Coetsee ya sanar da cewa an tuhumi Yengeni da sauran su kuma za a sake su.

## Manazarta