Rafe Pomerance

**Rafe Pomerance** (an haife shi a ranar 19 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1946) masanin muhalli ne na Amurka. Ya kasance Babban Jami'in Manufofin Arctic na Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayi ta Woodwell .  Tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1970s, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen wayar da kan jama'a game da haɗarin canjin yanayi ga masu tsara manufofi na Amurka. Matsayinsa a lokacin 1979 zuwa 1989 an ba da cikakken bayani a cikin littafin Losing Earth, na Nathaniel Rich .

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Pomerance ya girma ne a Cos Cob, Connecticut,  ɗan mai fafutukar zaman lafiya Josephine (née Wertheim)  da kuma masanin gine-gine Ralph Pomerance.  Shi jikan Maurice Wertheim ne da Alma Morgenthau, kuma jikan Henry Morgenthau Sr. Shi ne na kabilanci Bayahude. 

Ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Cornell a shekarar 1968, tare da B.A. a Tarihi.

## Ayyuka
Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Cornell, Pomerance ya yi aiki a cikin shirin talauci a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa na VISTA da ke aiki ga Kungiyar Kare Hakkin Albarka ta Virginia. Ya fara aikinsa na muhalli a shekarar 1972 yana aiki ne don Taron Muhalli na Birni  a karkashin Sanata Phil Hart inda suka yi aiki a kan batutuwan gubar a cikin man fetur da sake fasalin asusun amincewa na babbar hanya (don hada da tallafin sufuri na jama'a). A shekara ta 1973 ya kaddamar da National Clean Air Coalition kuma ya zama mai tsara shi na tsawon shekaru 5.

Ya shiga kungiyar Friends of the Earth a shekarar 1975 yana neman iska mai tsabta  kuma ya kasance shugabanta na tsawon shekaru hudu har zuwa 1984.  Daga 1986 zuwa 1993, ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Mataimakin Canjin yanayi da Rashin Ozone  a Cibiyar Kula da Harkokin Duniya. 

A shekara ta 1993, an nada shi Mataimakin Mataimakin Sakataren Gwamnati na Muhalli da Ci Gaban a karkashin shugaban Amurka Bill Clinton .  A cikin wannan rawar ya shiga cikin tattaunawar kan gandun daji, GMO, Shirin coral reef na kasa da kasa, da canjin yanayi  wanda ya haifar da Yarjejeniyar Kyoto . Ya bar sashen a 1999 kuma ya kafa wata kungiya mai zaman kanta, Cibiyar Manufofin Yanayi  inda ya jagoranci nasarar samun Gwamnatin Tarayya ta kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Ci gaba - Makamashi, wacce aka sanya hannu a cikin doka a 2007. 

Shi mai ba da shawara ne ga Rethink Energy Florida da aikin su "Keep Florida Above Water".

Daga 2015 zuwa 2019 ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Bincike na Polar na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Amurka. A cikin 2014 ya ƙaddamar da Arctic 21,  cibiyar sadarwa ta ƙungiyoyi da suka himmatu don sadarwa game da warwarewar Arctic. 

Ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Kwamitin Kogin Amurka, Shugaban Kwamitin League of Conservation Voters, da kuma Potomac Conservancy.

## Yunkurin canjin yanayi
Pomerance ya fara sha'awar canjin yanayi bayan karanta rahoton EPA na 1978, " Kimanin Muhalli na Coal Liquefaction: Rahoton Shekara-shekara ". Rahoton EPA ya ambaci "rahoton da Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kasa (NAS) ta yi wanda ya yi gargadin cewa ci gaba da yin amfani da man fetur na burbushin halittu a matsayin tushen makamashi na farko fiye da 20 zuwa 30 fiye da shekaru zai iya haifar da ƙara yawan matakan yanayi na carbon dioxide. Sakamakon greenhouse da haɗuwa da yawan zafin jiki na duniya da kuma sakamakon canjin yanayi zai iya, bisa ga NAS ya jagoranci 'mahimmanci da kuma lalata kalmomi na   "Lambobin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin "lambobin kalmomi" suna lalata "Lambobin Ƙira. masana kimiyya don amsoshi. Ya hada kai da masanin kimiya Gordon MacDonald inda ya fara tsara tarurruka da jami'an gwamnati domin tattauna batun sauyin yanayi. Ganawar su tare da babban masanin kimiyyar White House, Frank Press, ya haifar da nazarin ilimin kimiyya na kasa, "Carbon Dioxide da Climate: Assessment Scientific", wanda aka fi sani da rahoton Charney, na farko na National Academy kima wanda yayi ƙoƙari ya ƙididdige tasirin karuwar CO  akan yanayi. 

Pomerance ya shiga Cibiyar Kula da Harkokin Duniya a 1986 kuma ya ci gaba da ƙoƙari yaƙi don manufofin canjin yanayi. Shi da Gus Speth sun shawo kan Sanata John Chafee don gudanar da sauraron 10 da 11 ga Yuni, 1986  a kan "Ozone Depletion, the Greenhouse Effect, and Climate Change", tare da James Hansen kasancewa babban shaida. Shaidar Hansen a wannan sauraron da shaidar Majalisar Dattijai ta 1988  wanda Sanata Tim Wirth ya jagoranta, game da tasirin canjin yanayi yanzu ana ɗaukar su a matsayin canji a cikin wayar da kan jama'a game da batun.  Labaran da suka yi game da waɗannan sauraron sun kasance da yawa, wanda ya haifar da wayar da kan jama'a game da batun.

A shekara ta 1989, a taron duniya kan canjin yanayi, Pomerance da sauransu sun ba da shawarar gabatar da wani manufa. Shawararsa ita ce "rage kashi 20 cikin 100 a cikin hayakin carbon ta hanyar 2000." Wannan burin ya zama sananne a duniya a matsayin manufa don rage hayakin hayaki.

A cikin 2023 ya bayyana hangen nesa na saita iyaka a kan hauhawar matakin teku, a matsayin hanyar yin burin canjin yanayi ya fi dacewa. An bayyana waɗannan ra'ayoyin a cikin "The Case for Capping Sea Level Rise" A cikin 2025, Pomerance ya ci gaba da magana game da muhimmancin hauhawar matakin teku da ci gaba da narkewar Greenland Ice Sheet.

Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi ta dauki Pomerance a matsayin "Unsung Hero of the Climate Wars". Kokarin da ya yi a cikin shekarun 1980 sun kasance batun wani labarin New York Times na 2018 mai taken "Losing Earth: The Decade We Almost Stopped Climate Change". Labarin ya kawo hankali sosai ga aikin da ya gabata. Ra'ayoyinsa game da muhawara mai tasowa game da manufofin canjin yanayi an taƙaita su a cikin wata hira ta 2020 da Nancy Rosenblum ta yi  wanda taken shine magana da Pomerance ya kirkira: "The Fate of Greenland is the Fate of Miami".

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Pomerance ta yi aure kuma tana da 'ya'ya uku. Ya zauna a Washington, DC tun daga shekara ta 1970.

## Manazarta