Rahoto na Musamman kan Canjin Yanayi da Kasa

Rahoton Musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin yanayi (IPCC) kan Canjin Canjin Yanayinta da Kasa (**SRCCL**), wanda aka fi sani da "Rahoton Musamman kan Canjin yanayi, hamada, lalacewar ƙasa, kula da ƙasa mai ɗorewa, Tsaro na abinci, da iskar gas mai ɗorewa yanayi a cikin yanayin halittu na ƙasa",  wani bincike ne mai mahimmanci daga 2019 ta masana 107 daga ƙasashe 52. SRCCL tana ba da cikakken bayani game da duk tsarin yanayin ƙasa a karo na farko kuma ta yanke shawarar shiga ƙasa a matsayin "mahimmanci mai mahimmanci". Taron IPCC na 50 (IPCC-50) a hukumance ya karɓi taƙaitaccen SRCCL don masu tsara manufofi (SPM) kuma ya amince da rahoton da ke tattare da shi. An saki SPM da cikakken rubutu na Rahoton Musamman kan Canjin Yanayi da Kasa - a cikin wani nau'i da ba a gyara ba - a ranar 8 ga watan Agusta 2019. Rahoton ya fi shafuka 1,300 kuma ya haɗa da aikin masana 107 daga ƙasashe 52. 

Rahoton shine na biyu na rahotanni na musamman guda uku a cikin Rahoton Bincike na shida na yanzu (AR6) wanda ya fara a 2015 kuma za a kammala shi a 2022. Na farko shi ne Rahoton Musamman kan Warming na Duniya na 1.5 °C,  kuma na uku shi ne Rahoto na Musamman kan Tekun da Cryosphere a cikin Yanayi Mai Canji (SROCC) wanda aka saki a ranar 25 ga Satumba 2019.   IPCC ta dauki sake zagayowar AR6 a matsayin mafi girman burinsu tun lokacin da aka kafa kwamitin a shekarar 1988. : 11.

## Binciken IPCC da ya gabata da rahotanni na musamman
Tun lokacin da aka kafa shi a shekarar 1988, IPCC tana ba da gwamnatocin kasashe 195 membobinsu, tare da cikakkun taƙaitaccen lokaci-lokaci na ƙididdigar kimiyya na direbobi na canjin yanayi, gami da tasirin yanzu da haɗari masu yuwuwa. Rahotanni sun kuma gabatar da yiwuwar amsoshi dangane da daidaitawa da ragewa. IPCC ta wallafa rahotanni biyar na Bincike, gami da Rahoton Bincike na Farko na IPCC na 1990 (FAR), Rahoton Bishara na Biyu na IPCC wanda aka fi sani da Canjin yanayi 1995, Rahoton Bindaya na Uku na 2001, Rahoton Binkaya na Huɗu na IPCC (AR4) wanda aka fi saninsa da Canjin Canjin Yanayin Yanayi 2007, da Rahoton Nazarin Na Biyar. Kowane rahoto ya hada da "cikakken kimantawar kimiyya da fasaha na canjin yanayi, gabaɗaya a cikin kundi uku, ɗaya ga kowane ɗayan Ƙungiyoyin Ayyuka na IPCC, tare da Summaries for Policymakers, da Rahoton Haɗuwa. "

SRCCL wani bangare ne na jerin rahotanni na musamman da kimantawa a cikin rahoton kimantawa na shida (AR6) wanda ya fara a 2015 - bayan zaben sabon Ofishin - kuma ya ƙare a 2022. IPCC ta dauki tsarin kimantawa na yanzu a matsayin mafi girman burinsu a cikin tarihin shekaru 30 na kwamitin. Ya zuwa yanzu, a lokacin wannan sake zagayowar, tare da SRCCL, IPCC ta buga Rahoton Musamman kan Warming na Duniya na 1.5 °C a watan Oktoba 2018, da kuma Mayu 2019 Refinement. Na uku a cikin jerin, Rahoton Musamman kan Tekun da Cryosphere a cikin Yanayi Mai Canji (SROCC), yana zuwa. Hakanan, a watan Maris na shekara ta 2018, IPCC ta gudanar da taron  da aka yi amfani da shi a 2019-08-09 a  don shirya wani rahoto na musamman game da birane da canjin yanayi a cikin sake zagayowar kimantawa ta bakwai.

Tun lokacin da aka kafa ta, IPCC ta kuma buga rahotanni na musamman sama da goma sha biyu waɗanda aka haɗa su cikin ARs. Rahoton na Musamman ya haɗa da taƙaitaccen bayani ga masu tsara manufofi waɗanda ke ba da "bincike na takamaiman batun kuma gabaɗaya suna bin tsari iri ɗaya kamar ƙarar Rahoton Bincike da Rahotanni na Hanyar waɗanda "abubuwan da ke ba da jagororin da suka dace don shirya kayan aikin gas. "

## Sashe

### Takaitaccen bayani na SRCCL don masu tsara manufofi (SPM)
Akwai sassan huɗu a cikin Summary for Policymakers (SPM). Na farko yana hulɗa da "mutane, ƙasa da yanayi a cikin duniya mai zafi"; na biyu yana rufe "daidaitawa da zaɓuɓɓukan amsawa"; na uku yana mai da hankali kan "haɓaka zaɓuɓɓuka na amsawa" kuma na huɗu yana la'akari da "aiki a cikin kusan lokaci". A cikin sashi na farko, SPM ta ce lalacewar ƙasa da mutum ya haifar - tare da karuwar amfani da yawan jama'a wanda ke haifar da ƙarin amfani da ƙasa don "abinci, abinci, fiber, katako da makamashi" - ya shafi yankin ƙasar da ba ta da kankara a duniya. Kimanin "25-30% na jimlar abinci da aka samar sun ɓace ko sun lalace" yayin da "mutane miliyan 821 ba su da abinci mai gina jiki" kuma "2 manya biliyan yanzu suna da kiba ko kiba. " : 3 A kashi na biyu, SPM ta ce "karin yawan yawan abinci, zaɓin abinci da asarar abinci da raguwar sharar gida, na iya rage bukatar sauya ƙasar. "  20 A kashi na 3, zaɓuɓɓukan amsawa waɗanda za su taimaka wajen kawar da talauci, sun haɗa da " inganta damar samun dama ga, tabbatar da tsarin ƙasa, yin amfani da al'ummawa, haɓaka farashin muhalli, haɓaka farashin al'umma, haɓaka farashin biyan kuɗi, yin aiki don biyan kuɗi na muhalli. : 32 SPM ta ce, "Fasahar kula da ƙasa mai ɗorewa da ayyuka suna da fa'ida a cikin shekaru uku zuwa 10 (tsakanin amincewa). Duk da yake suna iya buƙatar saka hannun jari na gaba, matakai don tabbatar da gudanar da ƙasa mai dorewa na iya inganta amfanin gona da darajar tattalin arziki na makiyaya. Maido da sake farfadowa na ƙasa suna inganta tsarin rayuwa kuma suna samar da dawowar tattalin arziki na ɗan gajeren lokaci da fa'idodi na dogon lokaci dangane da sauyawa da sauyawa na sauyawa da rage yanayin yanayi, bambancin halittu da inganta ayyukan muhalli da ayyuka. " 

### Babi
SRCCL ya kunshi surori bakwai, Babi na 1: Tsarin da Ma'ana, Babi ne na 2: Ma'amala da Yanayi, Babi da 3: Yaduwa, Babi ta 4: Rashin Rashin Rashi, Babi ga 5: Tsaro na Abinci, Babiyar 5 Kayan Kayan Karin, Babi babi na 6: Haɗin kai tsakanin hamadawa, lalacewar ƙasa, Tsaro na abinci da Gudanar da Zaɓuɓɓukan Amsawa na Haɗin Kai game da Ci gaba mai ɗorewa. Kamar duk rahotanni na IPCC, SRCCL ya haɗa da "Summary for Policymakers",

## Manazarta