Yaren Adamawa

A **Adamawa  wani**  harsuna ne a putative iyali na 80-90 harsuna warwatse ko'ina cikin Adamawa Filato a tsakiyar Afirka, a Najeriya, Kamaru, Jamhuriyar Afrika ta Tsakiya, da kuma Chadi, magana gaba ɗaya da ɗaya kawai, kuma a rabin miliyan (kamar na shekarar 1996). Joseph Greenberg ya sanya su a matsayin reshe daya na dangin Adamawa – Ubangi na harsunan Nijar – Congo . Suna kuma daga cikin ƙananan yaruka da ake nazari a cikinsu a Afirka, kuma sun haɗa da yarukan da ke cikin haɗari ; kusan mafi girma shine Mumuye, tare da masu magana da shi mutane a kalla guda 400,000. Wasu harsunan da ba a rarraba su ba - musamman Laal da Jalaa - an samo su a gefen yankin Adamawa.

A yanayin ƙasa, yaren Adamawa suna kwance kusa da inda aka sanya Niger-Congo - Tsakiyar Sudan ta Tsakiya wanda wataƙila ya haifar da dangin Atlantic-Congo, don haka yana iya wakiltar tsakiyar hasken gidan. .

## Rarrabuwa

Joseph Greenberg ya buga yarukan Adamawa a matsayin wani yanki na Adamawa – Ubangian (wanda ake kira da *Adamawa – Gabas),* ya kuma raba su zuwa ƙungiyoyi 14 masu lamba. Rukunin G3, Daka (ko Dakoid), yanzu an san shi reshe ne na Benuwe-Congo . Dangantakar sauran rassa ta sami babban kwaskwarima.

### Greenberg (1963)

Ƙungiyoyi Adamawa guda 14 na lambobin Greenberg sune kamar haka: 

### Boyd (1989)

Boyd a shekara ta (1989) ya ƙara harshen Rana kuma ya rarraba su kamar haka:

* Leko – Nimbari (ko Chamba – Mumuye).
** Duru : G4
** Leko : G2
** Mumuye – Yendang : G5
** *Nimbari :* G12
* Mbum-Day
** Bua : G13
** Kim : G14
** Mbum : G6
** *Rana*
* Waja – Jen
** Bikwin – Jen (ko Jen): G9
** Tula – Wiyaa (ko Waja): G1
** Bəna – Mboi (ko Yungur): G7
** *Baa* (aka Kwa)
** *[[Harshen Longuda|Longuda]]* : G10
* *Nyimwom* (ko Kam: G8)

Ya cire harsunan Fali (G11).

### Güldemann (2018)

Güldemann (2018) ya amince da "ɗumbin asali" guda 14 na Adamawa, amma yana da masaniya game da matsayin su a cikin Nijar-Congo sune kamar haka. 

* Tula-Waja
* *[[Harshen Longuda|Longuda]]*
* Bena-Mboi
* Bikwin-Jen
* Samba-Duru
* Mumuyic
* Maya (Yendangic)
* Kebi-Benue (Mbumic)
* Kimic
* Buaic
* *Rana*
* *Baa* = *Kwa*
* *Nyingwom* = *Kam*
* *[[Harshen Fali|Fali]]*

### Kleinewillinghöfer (2019)

Kleinewillinghöfer (2019), a cikin Gidan yanar gizon Project Harsuna na Adamawa, ya amince da rukunoni guda 17 masu zuwa a matsayin yarukan Adamawa sune kamar haka.

* Tula-Waja ( Waja ): G1
* Bikwin-Jen (Burak, Jen): G9
* *Kam (Nyiŋɔm, Nyiwom, Nyingwom)* : G8
* Longuda (Nʋngʋra tari): G10
* *Baa (Kwa)*
* Mumuye : G5
* Yandang (Yendang): G5
* Samba - Duru (Chamba-Leko, Leko, Duru, Sama-Duru, Samba Leeko): G2, G4
* Ɓəna-Mboi (Yungur): G7
* Kebi-Benue ( Mbum ): G6
* Kim : G14
* *Rana*
* Bua : G13
* *Nimbari (Baari, Bari)* : G12 [ya bace]
* *Duli - Gewe (Gey, Gueve)* [dadaddun]
* ? *[[Harshen Fali|Fali]]* : G11
* ? *Chamba-Daka ( Daka )* : G3

Kungiyoyin Tula-Waja, Longuda, Ɓəna-Mboi, Samba - Duru, da Bua ne kawai ke da darajojin suna . Sauran rukunin suna nuni ne kawai da tsarin tsoffin sunaye.

### Blench (2012, 2020)

Roger Blench (2012) kammala da cewa harsunan Adamawa rukuni ne na yanki, ba dangin yare ba, kuma ya rabu da rassa daban-daban a cikin dangin Savannas da yake nema. Ya sanya wasu daga cikin yarukan yammacin Adamawa kusa da na yaren Gur fiye da sauran dangin Adamawa. Fali an kaɗance daga Savannas gaba ɗaya. Blench (2020) yana riƙe da haɗi tsakanin Mumuye da Yendang, amma ya fasa Samba-Duru na Kleinewillinghöfer.

## Languagesananan harsunan adamawa

Harshen Oblo na Kamaru an haɗa shi a cikin juzu'i da yawa na ƙungiyar Adamawa, amma matsayinta a ciki ba shi da tabbas.

An yi ta rade-radin cewa harshen Laal da ba a rarrabawa na Chadi na iya zama Adamawa; yaren Jalaa na Najeriya tabbas ba adamawa bane, amma yana nuna tasirin Adamawa sosai. Koyaya, duka ɗayansu yanzu ana ɗauke dasu a matsayin keɓe harshe .

## Kwatanta ƙamus

Samfurin asali ƙamus na Adamawa harsuna daga Kleinewillinghöfer ta *Adamawa Harsuna Project* website da kuma daban-daban da sauran kafofin sune kamar haka:

*Lura* : A cikin sassan tebur tare da yankin, ana ba da muɗaɗɗen sifa kafin laushi, yayin da sigar jam'in ke biyo bayan slash.

## Hanyoyin haɗin waje

* Ayyukan Harshen Adamawa ( Jami'ar Johannes Gutenberg Mainz )
* AdaGram  ( CNRS - INALCO ). Binciken arzikin harsunan Najeriya: nazarin nahawu da takaddun yare na harsunan Adamawa.
* Jerin yarukan Adamawa - Blench
* Harsunan Tula-Wiyaa - Blench
* Kungiyar Leeko - Blench
* Harshen Perema (Wom) na arewa maso gabashin Najeriya: rarrabuwa, salon magana da kuma sunan surar (PDF) na Roger M. Blench, 2000. Mallam Dendo, Cambridge.
* Gaggawa game da binciken Gbete (PDF) na Jason Diller & Kari Jordan-Diller, 2002. Rahoton Binciken Lantarki na SIL SILESR 2002-050.
* Binciken zamantakewar al'umma na harshen Mambay na Chadi da Kamaru (PDF) na Cameron Hamm, 2002. Rahoton Binciken Lantarki na SIL SILESR 2002-039.
* Bincike mai sauri da bincike na lexicostatistical na Dama, Mono, Pam, Ndai da Oblo (PDF) na Michael & Charlene Ayotte, 2002. Rahoton Binciken Lantarki na SIL SILESR 2002-048.
* Karang - SIL-Kamaru
* Littafin SIL-Kamaru
* Ocamus na kwatancen kayan ƙa'idodi aratoires dans le Nord-Cameroun, Tourneaux
* Idiatov, Dmitry. 2017-08-29. Sakamakon binciken AdaGram na farko a jihohin Adamawa da Taraba, Nigeria  . (tare da Mark Van de Velde, Tope Olagunju da Bitrus Andrew). 47th Colloquium akan Harsunan Afirka da Harsunan Afirka (KIRA) (Leiden, Netherlands).

## Manazarta