Harin Omdurman na 2008

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2008, Justice and Equality Movement (JEM), ƙungiyar 'yan tawaye ta kabilanci ta Darfur, ta kai Harin kan gwamnatin Sudan a biranen Omdurman da Khartoum.

Daga ra'ayin gwamnati, harin ya faru ne kawai a ranar 10 ga Mayu, 2008, yayin da JEM ta kalubalanci asusun gwamnati da rahotanni na fada mai tsanani a wasu sassan yankin Khartoum a ranar 11 ga Mayu.  Fiye da mutane 220 ne aka ruwaito cewa an kashe su a cikin harin, ciki har da matukin jirgi na Rasha, kuma daga baya aka yanke musu hukuncin kisa.

Wannan shi ne karo na farko da Yaƙi a Darfur, wanda a baya aka tsare shi a yammacin Sudan, ya kai babban birnin kasar. Gabaɗaya, yaƙin ya yi ikirarin rayukan mutane 300,000, tare da ƙarin miliyan 2.5 da suka rasa gida tun shekara ta 2003 (Amurka ta lakafta rikici a Darfur a matsayin kisan kare dangi, zargin da gwamnatin Sudan ta ƙi).  Duk da shekarun da suka gabata na yaƙi a Kudancin Sudan, Khartoum ba ta fuskanci wani yaƙi a kan titi ba tun 1976.

## Yaƙin

 
A ranar 10 ga Mayu, 2008, sojojin gwamnatin Sudanese National Islamic Front (NIF) da babban rukuni na 'yan tawaye daga Darfur sun yi yaƙi a garin Omdurman, a gaban Khartoum .  Shaidu sun ba da rahoton manyan bindigogi da harbin bindigogi a yammacin babban birnin Sudan, da kuma jirage masu saukar ungulu da motoci na Sudan da ke gaggauta cikin tituna zuwa Omdurman.

Yayin da 'yan tawaye na Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) a cikin motar motoci 130 da ke kusa da babban birnin, wani matukin jirgi na soja na Rasha da ke aiki a matsayin mai koyar da soja ga Sojojin Sama na Sudan ya hau cikin jirgin yaki na MiG-29 kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya yi amfani da ginshiƙi. Jirgin ya harbe shi da babbar bindiga kuma an kashe matukin jirgi yayin da parachute dinsa bai buɗe ba bayan ya fitar. Duk da kokarin da gwamnatocin Sudan da Rasha suka yi na boye lamarin, tashar rediyo mai zaman kanta ta Echo of Moscow a Rasha da jaridar Sudanese *Alwan* sun yada labarin mutuwarsa, wanda aka rufe shi da sauri saboda "bayyana bayanan soja masu mahimmanci da ke cutar da tsaron kasar da nasarorin da suka samu".  

Sojojin JEM sun shiga Omdurman, suna niyya ga sansanin soja na Arba'een da ofishin 'yan sanda na Al-Aswat. Sojojin gwamnati da tankuna, bindigogi, da jirage masu saukar ungulu suka goyi bayan su nan da nan aka tura su zuwa Omdurman, kuma fada mai tsanani ya ci gaba na sa'o'i da yawa. Daga nan 'yan tawaye suka fara motsawa zuwa gadar Al-Ingaz don haye White Nile zuwa Khartoum a cikin wani yunkuri na isa Fadar Shugaban kasa, yayin da wani rundunar JEM ta kai ga ginin Rediyo da Talabijin na Kasa a Omdurman. Sojojin gwamnati sun kori hare-haren biyu.

Bayan sake kwace sansanin soji na dabarun a Wadi-Sayedna, sojojin gwamnatin Sudan sun dakatar da ci gaban 'yan tawaye a gaban majalisar dokokin kasar,  kuma da yammacin yammacin Sudanese TV ta ce an "karyata" 'yan ta'adda yayin da suke nuna hotunan motocin da aka kone da gawawwakin a kan titi.  'Yan sanda na Sudan sun ce an kashe wanda ake zargi da shugaban maharan, Mohamed Saleh Garbo, da shugaban leken asiri, Mohamed Nur Al-Deen, a cikin rikici. Gwamnati ta ayyana dokar hana fita ta dare jim kadan bayan da ta sanar da dakatar da tashin hankali a karfe 14:00 GMT. JEM, duk da haka, ta musanta ikirarin gwamnati na cin nasara a kan 'yan tawaye, a maimakon haka ta bayyana cewa har yanzu ana ci gaba da fada a Omdurman da Khartoum North.

A cewar wani rahoto daga Human Rights Watch, yaƙe-yaƙe na lokaci-lokaci ya ci gaba har tsawon sa'o'i 48 masu zuwa. Mazaunan Omdurman sun ce akwai karin fada a safiyar 11 ga Mayu. Har ila yau, akwai rahotanni game da fada a ranar 12 ga Mayu a kasuwanni a tsakiyar Khartoum (yammacin Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka), da kuma a wancan gefen Blue Nile. Mazauna a yankunan Banat da Al-Muhandiseen sun ba da rahoton harbe-harbe a yankin, kuma wani mai shaida ya ce sojojin tsaro na Sudan sun kewaye daya daga cikin gine-ginen da aka ce mayakan JEM ne suka mamaye su. A wannan rana, shugaban JEM Khalil Ibrahim ya yi magana ta tarho ga Associated Press yana da'awar har yanzu yana cikin Omdurman tare da mayakansa, kuma ya yi alkawarin ci gaba da kai hare-hare a cikin dogon yakin basasa. Kungiyar ta gano burinsu na hambarar da gwamnatin soja ta Omar al-Bashir.

A ranar 14 ga watan Mayu, ministan tsaro na Sudan, Abdul Rahim Mohammed Hussein, ya ce sojoji 93 da 'yan sanda 13 sun mutu a yakin, tare da fararen hula 30 da' yan tawaye na JEM sama da 90. Ya kuma ce 'yan tawaye sun rasa akalla kashi biyu bisa uku na motocinsu, yayin da ministan cikin gida, Ibrahim Mahmoud, ya ce sojojin gwamnati sun lalata motoci sama da 40 kuma sun kwace wasu 17. Har ila yau, JEM ta yarda da cin nasara a cikin harin inda suka ce kashi ɗaya bisa uku na dukkan mayakan su sun shiga, amma sun yi alkawarin ci gaba da kai hari kan babban birnin. Mataimakin shugaban kungiyar, Mahmoud Suleiman, ya ce a cikin wata sanarwa cewa "watakila sun rasa yakin Khartoum kuma sun fice cikin mutunci ... amma ba su rasa yakin ba".

## Sakamakon haka
Hassan al-Turabi da wasu mambobi goma na jam'iyyar adawa ta Popular National Congress (PNC), wani bangare mai rarraba na Majalisar Dokoki mai mulki, an kama su da asuba a gidajensu na Khartoum saboda zargin da suke da shi da 'yan tawaye. An saki Turabi daga baya a wannan rana, yana musanta duk wani irin wannan dangantaka tsakanin PNC da JEM.

Ibrahim ya yi watsi da duk wani tsagaita wuta da Khartoum sai dai idan an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar siyasa, ya zargi al'ummar duniya da rashin ƙarfi a cikin martani ga rikicin Darfur, kuma ya yaba da matsayin Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Sudan don rashin hukunta harin. Gwamnati ta ce ta koyi darussan daga harin kuma za ta kasance a shirye a gaba. Har ila yau, ya ba da Kyauta US $ 125,000 a kan Ibrahim, wanda ake zargin ya ji rauni yayin fada a ranar 10 ga Mayu a Omdurman.

Ya zuwa watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2009, gwamnatin Sudan ta yanke wa 'yan kungiyar Justice and Equality Movement 82 hukuncin kisa, ciki har da babban ɗan tawaye Abdul Aziz Ashur, ɗan'uwan Ibrahim, ta hanyar ratayewa saboda ta'addanci da mallakar makamai ba bisa ka'ida ba. Yayin da aka yanke wa wasu hukuncin hukuncin, mutanen da aka yanke musu hukunci sun tashi tsaye suka yi ihu, "Ku tafi, JEM, ku tafi!" da kuma "Ku tafi", Khalil, ku tafi! A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2009, adadin wadanda aka yanke musu hukuncin kisa ya wuce 100, ciki har da yara shida na JEM; duk da haka, al-Bashir ya gafarta da yawa daga wasu yara da ake zargi da shiga cikin harin kuma ya 'yantar da su.

## Tasirin dangantakar Sudan da Kanada
Sudan ta zargi makwabciyarta Chadi da samar da mafaka da makamai ga 'yan tawaye ("ainihin sojojin Chadi" ), kuma gwamnatin Sudan ta sanar da cewa' yan tawaye suna motsawa kan iyaka daga Chadi zuwa yankin Darfur, wanda shine cibiyar rikici tsakanin' yan ta'adda na Darfuri da masu goyon bayan gwamnati; 'yan ta'adda suka tashi sama da kilomita  (370  na hamada da scrub daga Darfur zuwa yankin Khartoum. Chadi ya musanta zargin, amma nan da nan Sudan ta yanke dangantaka da Chadi a karo na farko tun lokacin da aka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar da ba ta da tashin hankali tsakanin gwamnatocin kasashen biyu a tsakiyar watan Maris.

## Halin kasa da kasa

* : Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkinobho Ban Ki-moon ya yi Allah wadai da "amfani da makamai da kayan soja ta JEM don cimma burin siyasa" kuma ya yi kira ga dakatar da tashin hankali nan da nan da kuma sabunta kokarin neman zaman lafiya a Darfur. Ya nuna damuwa game da tasirin da harin zai yi a kan kokarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a yankin.
* : Babban Wakilin Tarayyar Tarayyar Duniya don Manufofin Harkokin Waje da Tsaro, Javier Solana, ya yi Allah wadai da harin da JEM ta kai wa babban birnin Sudan, yana cewa: "Ba za a iya samun mafita ta soja ga rikicin a Darfur, musamman, ko kuma matsalolin Sudan, gabaɗaya. "Ya kuma bukaci gwamnatin Sudan da ta yi amfani da ita a cikin kwanaki masu zuwa, musamman ga fararen hula na babban birnin, kamar yadda fararen hula ne ke fama da tashin hankali a Darfur.
* : Mataimakin Sakataren yada labarai Gordon Johndroe ya bayyana daga Texas" id="mw3w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Crawford, Texas">Crawford, Texas, cewa gwamnatin Amurka ta damu sosai game da harin kuma ta bukaci "cewa bangarorin biyu su daina tashin hankali, ko kungiyar 'yan tawaye ce ko kuma wani martani daga gwamnati. Muna so mu ga kwanciyar hankali da tsari ya dawo".
* : Ministan Harkokin Waje Jonas Gahr Støre ya yi Allah wadai da harin 'yan tawaye a kan Khartoum, yana cewa, a cewar wata sanarwa ta manema labarai, cewa "yaƙin ya nuna bukatar kokarin da aka karfafa daga Majalisar Bankin Duniya, AU, al'ummomin duniya da jam'iyyun da ke cikin rikici na Darfur don neman mafita ta siyasa ga rikici a Darfur. Taron ya jaddada bukatar kokarin da kasa da kasa da ta hadin gwiwa don ƙirƙirar zaman lafiya a duk Sudan. Yanayin yanzu yana da gaske. Tattaunawar siyasa ne kawai za su iya canza wannan. Dukkancin duniya.

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