Wendy Hiller

**Dame Wendy Margaret Hiller** (15 ga watan Agustan 1912 - 14 ga watan Mayu 2003) 'yar fim ce ta Ingila kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce wacce ta ji daɗin aiki daban-daban wanda ya kai kusan shekaru 60. Marubucin Joel Hirschorn, a cikin tarin sa na 1984 Rating the Movie Stars, ya bayyana ta a matsayin "a ba ta da ma'ana actress wanda a zahiri ya ɗauki umurnin allo a duk lokacin da ta bayyana a fim". Duk da shahararrun wasan kwaikwayo na fina-finai, Hiller ya zaɓi ya kasance mai wasan kwaikwayo.

Hiller ta sami gabatarwa na Kwalejin don wasan kwaikwayon da ta yi a *Pygmalion* (1938), Tables Separate (1958), da A Man for All Seasons (1966), ta lashe kyautar Actress Best Supporting for Separate Tables . An kuma zabi ta don lambar yabo ta BAFTA guda biyu, lambar yabo ta Golden Globe guda biyu, Kyautar Tony, da lambar yabo ta Laurence Olivier .

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haife ta a Bramhall, Cheshire, 'yar Frank Watkin Hiller, mai yin auduga na Manchester, da Marie Stone, ta yi karatu a Winceby House School for Girls, Bexhill da Oriel Bank High School kuma tana da shekaru 18 ta shiga Manchester Repertory Company, wanda ta yi aiki kuma ta gudanar da mataki na shekaru da yawa. Ta fara samun nasara a matsayin mai zama a cikin ƙauyuka Sally Hardcastle a cikin mataki na Love on the Dole a 1934. Wasan ya kasance babban nasara kuma ya zagaya matakan yanki na Burtaniya, gami da Hiller's West End debut a 1935 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Garrick . A shekara ta 1937, ta auri marubucin wasan kwaikwayon Ronald Gow, mai shekaru 15 da haihuwa. A wannan shekarar, ta fara fim dinta a *Lancashire Luck*, wanda Gow ya rubuta.

## Ayyuka

### Mataki
Babban shahararren Love on the Dole ya kai samarwa zuwa New York a 1936, inda aikin Hiller ya ja hankalin George Bernard Shaw. Shaw ya gane haske mai ƙarfi a cikin yarinyar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ya dace da yin jarumai. Shaw ya jefa ta a cikin wasanninsa da yawa, ciki har da *Saint Joan*, *Pygmalion* da Major Barbara, kuma tasirinsa a kan aikinta na farko a bayyane yake. An san ta da kasancewa 'yar wasan kwaikwayo da Shaw ta fi so a lokacin. Ba kamar sauran 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na ƙarni ba, ta yi a cikin' yan wasan kwaikwayo na Shakespeare, ta fi son' yan wasan kwaikwayon zamani kamar Henrik Ibsen da sabbin wasan kwaikwayon da aka daidaita daga litattafan Henry James da Thomas Hardy, da sauransu.

A lokacin da ta yi aiki a mataki, Hiller ta sami yabo mai mahimmanci a London da New York. Ta yi fice a cikin haruffa masu sauƙi amma masu ƙarfi. Bayan yawon shakatawa a Burtaniya a matsayin Viola a cikin Twelfth Night (1943), ta koma West End don John Gielgud ya ba da umarni a matsayin Sister Joanna a cikin The Cradle Song (Apollo, 1944). Jerin nasarorin da aka samu ya ci gaba a matsayin Gimbiya Charlotte a cikin The First Gentleman (Savoy, 1945) a gaban Robert Morley a matsayin Yarima Regent, Pegeen a cikin *Playboy na Yammacin Duniya* (Bristol Old Vic, 1946) da *Tess na d'Urbervilles* (Bristel Old Vic, 1946, ta koma Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Piccadilly a West End a 1947), wanda mijinta ya daidaita don mataki.

A shekara ta 1947, Hiller ya samo asali ne daga rawar Catherine Sloper, mai jin kunya, mai rauni a cikin The Heiress on Broadway . Wasan, wanda ya samo asali ne daga littafin Henry James Washington Square, ya kuma nuna Basil Rathbone a matsayin mahaifinta mai cin zarafin motsin rai. Shirin ya ji daɗin shekara guda a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Biltmore a New York kuma zai zama babbar nasara a Broadway. Lokacin da ya dawo Landan, Hiller ya sake taka rawar gani a cikin samar da West End a shekarar 1950.

Ayyukanta na mataki sun kasance fifiko kuma sun ci gaba da *Ann Veronica* (Piccadilly, 1949), wanda Gow ya daidaita daga littafin H. G. Wells  tare da matarsa a cikin jagorancin. Ta yi aiki a cikin shekaru biyu na N. C. Hunter's Waters of the Moon (Haymarket, 1951-53) tare da Sybil Thorndike da Edith Evans . A Old Vic na kakar 1955-56, Hiller ya ba da gudummawa a matsayin Portia a cikin *[[Julius Kaisar (wasan kwaikwayo)|Julius Kaisar]],*, da sauransu, gami da Helen na Troy a cikin *Troilus da Cressida* . Sauran aikin mataki a wannan lokacin sun haɗa da The Night of the Ball (New Theatre, 1955), sabon wasan kwaikwayo na Robert Bolt Flowering Cherry (Haymarket, 1958, Broadway, 1959), Toys in the Attic (Piccadilly, 1960), The Wings of the Dove (Lyric, 1963), A Measure of Cruelty (Birmingham Repertory, 1965), A Present for the Past (Edinburgh, 1966), The Sacred Flame (Duke na York's, 1967) tare da Gladys Cooper, The Battle of Shrivingings (Lyricy, 1970) 

A shekara ta 1957, Hiller ta koma New York don ta fito a matsayin Josie Hogan a cikin Eugene O'Neill's A Moon for the Misbegotten, wasan kwaikwayon da ya ba ta Kyautar Tony a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau. Har ila yau, samarwar ta ƙunshi Cyril Cusack da Franchot Tone . Bayyanar ta ƙarshe a Broadway ita ce Miss Tina a cikin samar da 1962 na Michael Redgrave na The Aspern Papers daga littafin Henry James .

Yayin da Hiller ta girma, ta nuna kyakkyawar dangantaka ga wasan kwaikwayo na Henrik Ibsen, a matsayin Irene a lokacin da muka mutu (Cambridge, 1968), a matsayin Mrs. Alving a cikin Ghosts (Edinburgh, 1972), Ase a cikin Peer Gynt (BBC, 1972) da kuma Gunhild a cikin John Gabriel Borkman (National Theatre Company, Old Vic, 1975), inda ta bayyana tare da Ralph Richardson da Peggy Ashcroft . Daga baya nasarorin West End kamar Sarauniya Maryamu a cikin Crown Matrimonial (Haymarket, 1972) sun tabbatar da cewa ba a iyakance ta da yin wasa da mata masu baƙin ciki ba, marasa tausayi. Daga baya ta sake komawa wasu wasannin da suka gabata suna wasa da tsofaffin haruffa, kamar yadda a cikin farfadowar West End na Waters of the Moon (Chichester, 1977, Haymarket, 1978) tare da Ingrid Bergman da The Aspern Papers (Haymarket, 1984) tare da Vanessa Redgrave . An shirya ta ta koma matakin Amurka a cikin farfadowar Anastasia ta 1982 tare da Natalie Wood, amma Wood ya mutu makonni kadan kafin maimaitawa. Hiller ta yi wasan karshe na West End a cikin rawar da ta taka a cikin Driving Miss Daisy (Apollo, 1988).

### Fim din

A kan dagewar Shaw, ta fito a matsayin Eliza Doolittle a fim din *Pygmalion* (1938) tare da Leslie Howard a matsayin Farfesa Higgins . Wannan wasan kwaikwayon ya ba Hiller gabatarwa ta farko ta Oscar, ta farko ga 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Burtaniya a fim din Burtaniya, kuma ta zama ɗaya daga cikin rawar da ta fi tunawa. Ita ce kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta farko da ta furta kalmar "jinin jini" a cikin fim din Burtaniya, lokacin da Eliza ta furta layin "Ba mai zubar da jini ba, zan shiga cikin taksi!"

Hiller ya biyo bayan wannan nasarar tare da wani sauyawar Shaw, Major Barbara (1941) tare da Rex Harrison da Robert Morley . Powell da Pressburger sun sanya mata hannu don The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp (1943), amma ciki na biyu ya tilasta mata ta yi biyayya ga Deborah Kerr. Da yake ta ƙuduri aniyar yin aiki tare da Hiller, masu shirya fina-finai daga baya sun sake jefa ta tare da Roger Livesey don *Na san inda nake zuwa!*  (1945), wani classic na fim na Burtaniya.

Duk da nasarar fim dinta na farko da tayin daga Hollywood, ta koma mataki na cikakken lokaci bayan 1945 kuma a wasu lokuta kawai ta yarda da rawar fim. Tare da dawowarta fim a cikin shekarun 1950, ta nuna matar mulkin mallaka da aka yi wa zalunci a cikin Carol Reed's Outcast of the Islands (1952), amma ta riga ta shiga cikin balaga, tana tallafawa matsayi tare da Sailor of the King (1953) kuma a matsayin wanda ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba daga Tashin hankali na Mau Mau cikin Something of Value (1957). Ta lashe kyautar Oscar don 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau a shekarar 1959 don fim din Separate Tables (1958) a matsayin manajan otal mai zaman kansa kuma uwargidan Burt Lancaster . Ta kasance ba tare da wata matsala ba a cikin rashin kulawa da shahararren fim, kamar yadda aka tabbatar da abin da ta yi game da nasarar da ta samu a Oscar: "Kada ku manta da girmamawa, tsabar kudi mai sanyi shine abin da yake nufi a gare ni. "  Ta sami gabatarwa ta BAFTA a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau don nunawa game da mamayar, uwa mai mallaka a cikin Sons and Lovers (1960).  Ta sake taka rawar da ta taka a London a cikin Kudancin Gothic Toys a cikin Attic (1963), wanda ya ba ta kyautar Golden Globe a matsayin tsohuwar 'yar'uwa a cikin fim din da Dean Martin da Geraldine Page suka fito.

### Manazarta