Birnin koguna

**City of Caves** abin jan hankali ne na baƙo a cikin Nottingham dangane da hanyar sadarwa na kogo, wanda aka sassaka daga dutsen yashi waɗanda aka yi amfani da su daban-daban tsawon shekaru a matsayin masana'antar fatu, wuraren ajiyar jama'a, da matsugunin iska. Dutsen Drury na kusa shine titin tsakiyar lokacin da suke karkashinsa a baya har sai da aka rushe shi don samar da hanyar zuwa Cibiyar Siyayya ta Broadmarsh . Sabon sunan *City of Caves* yana nufin gaskiyar cewa birnin Nottingham yana da ɗaruruwan kogwanni na mutane, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su sama da shekaru dubu. 

An isa birnin Caves daga matakin babba na Cibiyar Siyayya ta Broadmarsh amma a halin yanzu ana iya samun dama daga Dutsen Garner saboda ayyukan gine-gine a cikin Cibiyar Broadmarsh, wanda aka shirya za a gama a cikin 2021.  Jan hankali, wani ɓangare na Gidan Tarihi na Adalci na Ƙasa, Cibiyar Amincewa ta Egalitarian ta gudanar da ita tun lokacin da aka buɗe a 2004.

## Tarihi

Nottingham yana zaune a kan dutse mai laushi mai laushi wanda za'a iya haƙa shi cikin sauƙi tare da kayan aikin hannu masu sauƙi don ƙirƙirar gidajen kogon wucin gadi. Tabbas, an kwatanta Nottingham a matsayin  a cikin Tsohon Brythonic ma'ana 'wurin kogo' na Welsh Bishop na Sherborne Asser a cikin *The Life of King Alfred* (893).  Kogo a nan wasu daga cikin tsofaffin da suka rage a cikin birni, tare da tukwane da aka gano suna da alaƙa da wasu daga cikinsu zuwa 1270-1300,  kuma ana zaune tun aƙalla karni na 17 har zuwa 1845 lokacin da Dokar St. Mary's Nottingham Inclosure Act 1845 ( 8 & 9 Vict. *c*  ) ta haramta hayar gida. matalauci.  Babu wani kogon da yake na halitta; An sare su duka a cikin dutsen yashi don amfani da su a matsayin gidaje, ɗakunan ajiya da wuraren aiki da mazauna birnin. 

Ya zuwa 2018, fiye da koguna 800 a cikin birni an tsara su ta hanyar Nottingham's City Archaeologist, Scott Lomax, gami da kimanin 200 waɗanda aka sake ganowa, ta hanyar binciken da City Archaeologists, tun daga 2016.  Ci gaba da bincike da Masanin binciken tarihi na City ya kara yawan koguna da aka sani a cikin birni zuwa 924 a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2025.

An fara aikin gina cibiyar siyar da kayayyaki ta Broadmarsh ne a karshen shekarun 1960, amma bude kogon ga barayi da shirin cika su da kankare ya haifar da cece-kuce a tsakanin jama'a. Cikakkun binciken da Majalisar Birnin Nottingham ta yi, wanda The Nottingham Historical Arts Society ta taimaka, ya sa aka tsara kogon a matsayin tsohon abin tunawa kuma daga baya aka canza tsare-tsaren ci gaba don adana yawancin kogon. Masu aikin sa kai sun share kogon daga 2418 Sherwood Squadron Air Training Corps da Rushcliffe School kuma an buɗe tafiye-tafiyen jama'a ta Abokan Gidan Tarihi na Nottingham a 1978. 

## Kogo a cikin Nottingham daga tsakiyar zamani zuwa yanzu

### Ma'aikatar fata ta tsakiya
Wasu kogo guda biyu da aka yanke a cikin dutsen kuma suna buɗewa zuwa hasken rana sun kasance kawai sanannen masana'antar fatun karkashin kasa a Biritaniya.  An fara yanke kogon Pillar a kusa da 1250 amma an cika shi da wani dutse ta hanyar 1400. An share shi kuma an sake buɗe shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na tannary a cikin 1500, tare da ramukan madauwari da aka yanke don riƙe ganga. An kuma yanke wani kogo na biyu da tarkace mai laka mai kusurwa huɗu. Karamin girman magudanar da ke cikin wadannan kogo na nuni da cewa watakila an yi amfani da su wajen fatar tumaki ko akuya maimakon farar shanu. Akwai buɗaɗɗiyar kogin Leen inda za su wanke fatun a cikin ruwan sha na garin. 

### Drury Hill slums
Ganuwar ginshiki a nan ita ce ragowar gine-ginen Drury Hill, da zarar wata unguwa ce mai wadata a cikin tsakiyar zamanin da a karni na 19 ta koma daya daga cikin mafi muni a Biritaniya. Iyalai matalauta sun yi barci, suna ci kuma suna zaune a cikin ɗaki guda ginshiƙai a nan tare da cunkoson jama'a da rashin tsafta wanda ya sa ya zama wurin haifuwar kwalara, tarin fuka da ƙananan yara . 

### Matsugunin harin jirgin sama
Wasu daga cikin kogo a nan an haɗa su kuma an faɗaɗa su zuwa gida ɗaya daga cikin matsugunan harin sama na jama'a 86 waɗanda aka samu a cikin dutsen yashi a ƙarƙashin birnin a watan Fabrairun 1941 don kare mazaunanta yayin harin bama-bamai na Yaƙin Duniya na II, gami da wani mai tsanani musamman a ranar 8 ga Mayu 1941 wanda aka sake ƙirƙira a matsayin wani ɓangare na yawon shakatawa. An kuma haƙa ramuka a nan don samar da yashin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin jakunkunan yashi da ke taimakawa wajen kare birnin. 

## Manazarta