open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Al'ummar Afirka

**Kasashen waje na Afirka** shine tarin al'ummomin duniya da suka fito daga 'yan asalin Afirka ko kuma mutanen Afirka, dake cikin Amurka .  Kalmar da aka fi sani da zuriyar Yammacin Afirka ta Yamma da Tsakiyar Afirka waɗanda aka bautar da su zuwa Amurka ta hanyar cinikin bayin Atlantika tsakanin ƙarni na 16 zuwa 19, tare da kuma mafi yawan jama'a a kasar Brazil, Amurka, da Haiti.   Duk da haka, ana iya amfani da kalmar don yin nuni ga zuriyar 'yan Arewacin Afirka waɗanda suka yi ƙaura zuwa wasu sassan duniya. Wasu  "hanyoyi huɗu na zagayawa" na wannan ƙaura daga Afirka.  Kalmomin *ƴan ƙasashen Afirka* a hankali sun shiga amfani da su a hankali a farkon ƙarni na 21.  Kalmar *waje ta* samo asali daga Girkanci διασπορά ( *diaspora*, a zahiri "watsawa") wanda ya sami karbuwa a cikin Ingilishi dangane da ƙaurawar Yahudawa kafin a yi amfani da shi ga sauran jama'a. 

Mafi ƙanƙanta, an yi amfani da kalmar a cikin malanta don komawa zuwa ƙaura na baya-bayan nan daga yankin Saharar Afirka.  Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka (AU) ta ayyana kasashen Afirka da ke zaune a kasashen waje da cewa sun kunshi: ‘yan asalin Afirka da ke zaune a wajen nahiyar, ba tare da la’akari da ‘yan kasar ba, kuma masu son bayar da gudummawar ci gaban nahiyar da gina kungiyar tarayyar Afrika. ".  Dokar da ta kafa ta bayyana cewa za ta "gayyata tare da karfafa cikakken hadin kai na mazauna kasashen Afirka a matsayin wani muhimmin bangare na nahiyarmu, wajen gina kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka". 

## Tarihi

### Watsewa ta hanyar cinikin bayi
Yawancin ƴan ƙasashen waje na Nahiyar Afirka sun bazama a ko'ina cikin Amurka, Turai, da Asiya a lokacin cinikin bayi a Tekun Atlantika, Trans-Saharan da Tekun Indiya . Tun daga karni na 8, Larabawa sun kwashe bayi na Afirka daga tsakiya da gabashin nahiyar Afirka (inda ake kira Zanj ) suna sayar da su zuwa kasuwanni a Gabas ta Tsakiya, Indiyawan Indiya, da Gabas Mai Nisa . Tun daga karni na 15, Turawa suka kama ko siyan bayi daga Afirka ta Yamma suka kawo su Amurka da Turai. Kasuwancin bayi na Atlantic ya ƙare a karni na 19.  Watsewar ta hanyar cinikin bayi na wakiltar ƙaura mafi girma a tarihin ɗan adam. Tasirin tattalin arziki a nahiyar Afirka ya yi muni sosai, yayin da aka kwashe tsararraki na matasa daga cikin al'ummominsu da kuma tashe-tashen hankula. Wasu al'ummomi da zuriyar bayin Afirka suka kafa a Amurka, Turai, da Asiya sun rayu har zuwa yau. A wasu lokuta, ’yan asalin Afirka sun yi aure da ’yan Afirka da ba na asali ba, kuma zuriyarsu ta shiga cikin al’ummar yankin.

## Manazarta
Tarihin Laberiya

Laberiya kasa ce da ke yammacin Afirka da aka kafa ta mutane masu launi daga Amurka . Kungiyar Bakar Mulki ta Amirka  ce ta ba da tallafi da kuma shirya ƙaura na Ba-Amurkan Amirka, na kyauta. Adadin mace-mace na waɗannan matsugunan ya kasance mafi girma a cikin ƙauyuka da aka ruwaito tare da rikodin zamani.   Daga cikin bakin haure kusan kimanin 4,571 da suka isa Laberiya tsakanin shekarar 1820 zuwa shekarar 1843, mutane 1,819 ne kawai suka tsira (39.8%).  

A shekara ta 1846, bakar fata na farko gwamnan Laberiya, Joseph Jenkins Roberts, ya bukaci majalisar dokokin Liberiya da ta ayyana 'yancin kai, amma ta hanyar da za ta ba su damar ci gaba da tuntuɓar ACS. Majalisar ta yi kira da a gudanar da zaben raba gardama, inda 'yan kasar Laberiya suka zabi 'yancin kai. A ranar 26 ga Yuli, shekara ta 1847, ƙungiyar masu rattaba hannu ta goma sha ɗaya ta ayyana Laberiya a matsayin ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta . ACS da gwamnatocin jahohin arewa da dama da ɓangarorin mulkin mallaka sun ci gaba da ba da kuɗi da tallafi har zuwa ƙarshen shekarar 1870s.  Gwamnatin Amurka ta ƙi yin aiki bisa buƙatun ACS na mayar da Laberiya ta zama mulkin mallaka na Amurka ko kuma ta kafa wata hukuma ta musamman a kan Laberiya, amma ta yi amfani da "kariyar ɗabi'a" akan Laberiya, tana shiga tsakani lokacin da barazana ta bayyana ga fadada yankunan Laberiya ko ikon mallakar ƙasa. Bayan 'yancin kai na Laberiya, an zabi Roberts a matsayin shugaban farko na Laberiya . 

Laberiya ta ci gaba da samun 'yancin kai a duk lokacin da turawan mulkin mallaka suka yi wa Afirka a karshen karni na 19, yayin da ta ci gaba da zama a fagen tasirin Amurka. Shugaba William Howard Taft ya  bama Amirka goyon bayan da ke ba Laberiya a matsayin fifiko a manufofinsa na ketare. Tun daga shekarar 1920, tattalin arzikin ya mayar da hankali ne kan cin gajiyar albarkatun kasa. Masana'antar roba, musamman Kamfanin Firestone, ya mamaye tattalin arzikin. Har zuwa 1980, 'ya'yan asalin Ba'amurke Ba'amurke ne ke sarrafa Laberiya ta hanyar siyasa, waɗanda aka sani tare da Americo-Liberian, waɗanda suka ƙunshi ƴan tsiraru na jama'a. Mummunan hambarar da gwamnatin Americo-Liberia a waccan shekarar ya haifar da yakin basasa guda biyu da ya lalata kasar, na farko daga 1989 zuwa 1997 da na biyu daga 1999 zuwa 2003 .

## Tarihin Farko (kafin-1821)

Masana tarihi sun yi imanin cewa yawancin ƴan asalin ƙasar Laberiya sun yi hijra zuwa gabas tsakanin ƙarni na 12 zuwa 16 miladiyya.  Masu binciken Kasar Portuguese sun kafa hulɗa da mutanen ƙasar daga baya aka sani da "Liberia" a farkon shekarar 1462. Sun sanya wa yankin suna *Costa da Pimenta* ( Pepper Coast ), ko Tekun hatsi, saboda yawan barkono na melegueta, wanda ya zama abin so a dafa abinci na Turai.

A shekarar 1602 mutanen Holland sun kafa wurin kasuwanci a Grand Cape Mount amma sun lalata shi bayan shekara guda. A shekarar 1663, Ingilishi ya kafa ƴan wuraren kasuwanci a Tekun Pepper . Ba a sami ƙarin sanannun ƙauyuka da Turawa suka yi ba har zuwa 1821 na baƙar fata masu 'yanci daga Amurka.
## Manazarta
Zaben gwamnan jihar Anambra na 1979

An gudanar da **zaɓen gwamnan jihar Anambra a shekarar 1979** a ranar 28 ga Yuli, 1979.  Jim Nwobodo ɗan jam'iyyar NPP ne ya lashe zaɓe a karo na farko inda ya zama gwamnan jihar Anambra na farko bayan ya doke Christian Onoh na jam'iyyar NPN, wanda shi ne na kusa da shi ya lashe zaben..

Jim Nwobodo ne ya lashe zaɓen fidda gwani na gwamna a jam'iyyar NPP . Abokin takararsa shine Roy Umenyi.  

## Tsarin zaɓe
An zabi Gwamnan Jihar Anambra ne ta hanyar amfani da tsarin kada kuri’a .

## Sakamako
Akwai jam’iyyun siyasa biyar da Hukumar Zaɓe ta Tarayya (FEDECO) ta yi wa rajista a zaɓen. Jim Nwobodo na jam'iyyar NPP ne ya lashe zaben da ƙuri'u mafi rinjaye, inda ya doke Christian Onoh na NPN.

## Nassoshi
Zaben gwamnan jihar Bauchi a 1979

**Zaɓen gwamnan jihar Bauchi a shekarar 1979** ya faru ne a ranar 28 ga Yuli, 1979. Abubakar Tatari Ali na jam'iyyar NPN ne ya lashe zabe a karo na farko inda ya zama gwamnan jihar Bauchi na farko da ke kan gaba, kuma ya doke babbar jam'iyyar adawa a fafatawar.      

## Tsarin zaɓe
An zaɓi gwamnan jihar Bauchi ne ta hanyar amfani da tsarin zaɓe mai yawan jama'a .

## Sakamako
Akwai jam’iyyun siyasa biyar da Hukumar Zabe ta Tarayya (FEDECO) ta yi wa rajista don shiga zaben. Tatari Ali na jam'iyyar NPN ne ya lashe zaben da kuri'u mafi rinjaye.

## Nassoshi
Idris Garba Kareka

**Idris Garba Kareka** ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne haifaffen Jahun jihar Jigawa. Yana wakiltar mazaɓar Jahun a majalisar dokokin jihar Jigawa a ƙarƙashin jam’iyyar APC, kuma ya zama kakakin majalisar jihar Jigawa ta bakwai.

## Tsigewa
Jim kadan bayan kammala zaɓen shekarar 2015 da kuma majalisar dokokin jihar Jigawa ta 6 a watan Yuni, ƴan majalisar sun zaɓi Garba a matsayin kakakin majalisar. A ranar 3 ga watan Janairun 2017 ƙasa da watanni bakwai da rantsar da shi, mambobin 25 daga cikin 30 sun yi kira da a tsige shi ba tare da wata tangarda ba a lokacin da gwamnan ya tafi kasar waje. Dalilan da suka sa aka tsige shi dai Garba ya ki amincewa da bukatar abokan aikinsa, kuma ya yi ikirarin cewa ya yi wa kansa ƙarfin tuwo, wanda hakan ya sa abokan nasa suka daina amincewa da shi. Jim kadan bayan zaɓen 2019, an ƙaddamar da majalisar jihar Jigawa ta 7 a watan Mayu kuma aka sake zaɓen Garba a matsayin kakakin majalisar.

## Nassoshi
Mazaɓar Majalisar Dattawa ta Babban Birnin Tarayya

**Mazaɓar Sanatan Babban Birnin Tarayya** a Babban Birnin Tarayyar Najeriya, ya ƙunshi ƙananan hukumomi 6 da suka haɗa da:Abuja, Abaji, Kwali, Bwari, Gwagwalada da Kuje. Gundumar majalisar dattijai ta FCT tana a cikin yankinta na ikon Nigeriya (Aso Rock Presidential Villa, Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa da hedkwatar Shari'a). Philip Aduda shine wakilin FCT Senatorial District.

## Jerin Sanatocin da ke wakiltar Babban Birnin Taraiya Abuja.

## Nassoshi
Malami

**Malami**, wanda ake kira da **malamin makaranta**, mutum ne da ke taimaka wa ɗalibai domin su samu ingantaccen  ilimi, ƙwarewa, ko nagarta, ta hanyar koyarwarsa.

A takaice dai malami na nufin, dukkan wani mai ilimi, ko kwararre a wani fanni na ilimim,sannan  ya ke iya koyar da ilimin. Ta wata sigar kuma ana iya cewa, malami shi ne mutumin da yake taimakawa Alumma ta yadda zasu samu ingattaccen ilimi, fasaha, ko wata daraja.

Ba bisa ƙa'ida ba kowa zai iya ɗaukar matsayin kansa a malami, (misali lokacin nuna wa abokin aiki yadda ake yin takamaiman aiki kaza). A wasu ƙasashe, ana iya koyar da matasa waɗanda suka je makaranta a wani yanayi na yau da kullun, ko kamar a cikin iyali (makarantar gida), maimakon a cikin tsari na yau da kullun kuma na zamani, kamar makaranta ko kwaleji. Wasu sana'o'in na iya haɗawa da adadi mai yawa na koyarwa (misali ma'aikacin matasa, fasto).

A yawancin ƙasashe, ƙwararrun malamai ana biyan su kuɗi ne, don su koyawa ɗalibai na yau da kullun. Kalmar **Malami** na da fadi sosai, kuma tana nufin malamai na dukkan dabi'u gani a rayuwa misali; Malamin makarantar boko, Islamiyya, Addini da dai sauransu. Don haka akula wannan **maƙalar** za ta fi mai da hankali ne akan malamai waɗanda aka ɗauka, a matsayin babban aikinsu na su koyar a biyasu-(malami da ke sana'ar koyarwa), a cikin tsarin koyarwa na ilimi na yau da kullun, kamar a makaranta ko wani wuri na farko na ilimi ko bada horo.

## Ayyuka

malami yakan ware lokacin zuwa lokacin domin yin nazari akan karatun da zai bawa dalibai.yakan dauki nazari ko bincike kafin ya sanya ƙafarsa  cikin aji.domin ya tabbata da duk dalibai da suka halarci karatun sun gamsu matuƙa fahimci darasin abin da ya ke koya
## Tarihi

## Manazarta
Dangantakar Angola da Najeriya

Dangantaka tsakanin Angola da Najeriya ta samo asali ne daga irin rawar da suke takawa a matsayin ƙasashe masu fitar da mai, suna da hadin kai da kuma karfi. Dukkansu mambobi ne na ƙungiyar ƙasashe masu arzikin man fetur, ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka da sauran ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu.

## Tarihi
A cikin 1975, Najeriya ta kasance mai tuƙi a cikin Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Afirka (OAU) don amincewa da halaccin sabuwar gwamnatin Angola. A shekarun 1980 da 1990, an danganta muradun tattalin arzikin ƙasashen da wasu kasashen yammaci daban-daban, lamarin da ya hana su kulla kawance.

Gwamnatin Angola ta kama Henry Okah, kakakin ƙungiyar Movement for the Emancipation of Niger Delta (MEND), babbar kungiyar ƴan tawaye a Najeriya, a watan Satumban 2007, bisa zargin safarar makamai. Okah dai ya yi yunkurin shiga jirgin sama a filin jirgin saman Luanda da ke kan hanyarsa ta zuwa Afirka ta Kudu lokacin da hukumomi suka kama shi. Angola da Najeriya dai ba su rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya ta miƙa su ga ƙasashen waje ba, saboda har yanzu Najeriya na amfani da hukuncin kisa sannan kuma dokar Angola ta haramta mika wadanda ake tuhuma ga kasashen da za su fuskanci hukuncin kisa. Shugaban Angola José Eduardo dos Santos ya amince da mika Okah a ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamba, amma lauyoyinsa sun nemi gwamnati ta sake duba lamarin. A watan Janairun 2008, babban mai shigar da kara João Maria de Sousa ya ce har yanzu gwamnatin Angola ba ta yanke shawarar ko za ta mika Okah ba. A ƙarshe an sake fitar da Okah a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 2008. 

## Dangantakar tattalin arziki
A shekarar 2008, Angola ta zama ta farko a Najeriya a matsayin ƙasar da ke kan gaba wajen hako mai a Afirka. Ofishin Jakadancin Angola a Najeriya ne ya kirkiro kungiyar Al'ummar Angola a Najeriya (CAN) a shekarar 2009. Ciniki tsakanin Angola da Najeriya ya kai dalar Amurka miliyan biyu a shekarar 2016. Kayayyakin da Najeriya ke fitarwa zuwa Angola ya kai dalar Amurka 442,000 sannan Angola ta kai dalar Amurka miliyan 1.56.

## Nassoshi
Jacques-François Ochard

**Jacques-François Ochard** (1800-1870) mai zane ne ɗan kasar Faransa, wanda aka tunawa da shi a matsayin malamin zane na farko ga Claude Monet a yayin karantunsa na sakandaren. 

Ochard ya kasance dalibin Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825), kuma ya yi rayuwa a Normandy, zuwa inda dangin Monet suka ƙaura a 1845. Salon koyarwar Ochard ta kasance ta gargajiya ta hanyar zane akan wani abu dan fidda surar ɗan adam. 

## Bayanan kula da manazarta
Kisan kiyashi a Damasak

**Kisan kiyashi na Damasak** ya kasance jerin kisan kiyashi ne da ƙungiyar Boko Haram ta yi a birnin Damasak na Najeriya.

## Kai hari
A ranar 24 ga watan Nuwamban shekara ta 2014 ne ƴan ƙungiyar Boko Haram ta mamaye birnin Damasak na Najeriya tare da kwace birnin a matsayin ramuwar gayya ga fararen hula da ke shiga ƙungiyoyin kare kai. Mazauna birnin sun tsere daga mayakan Boko Haram da ke ci gaba da samun nasara. Kimanin fararen hula 3,000 ne suka bar birnin suka tsere zuwa makwabciyar ƙasar Najeriyar wato Nijar. Sun tsallaka kogin Yobe da ke kan iyakar ƙasashen biyu a cikin jirgi ruwa ko kwale-kwale, wasu fararen hula da dama  sun mutu a yayin yunƙurin su na yin iyo ta cikin kogin na Yobe. Boko Haram sun fara farautar mutanen da ke tserewa daga birnin suna kashe su, a karshen harin da aka kai an kashe mutane 50.

## Iko da yankin
Ƴan Boko Haram sun mamaye garin na tsawon watanni hudu, a cikin waɗannan watanni huɗu mayakan Boko Haram sun aiwatar da kisan gilla a cikin birnin Damasak da kewayen sa. An kashe mutane 70-100, wanda aka fille kansu a ƙarƙashin wata gadar siminti da ke fitowa daga cikin birnin. An kuma kashe wasu ɗaruruwa a gabar kogin da ya bushe da kuma wasu sassan garin. Ya zuwa karshen mamayar a ranar 17 ga watan Maris 2015, yan Boko Haram sun kashe fararen hula 400.

## Ƴanci
A ranar 17 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2015, sojojin Nijar da Chadi sun ƙaddamar da farmakin kwato birnin Damasak. Sojoji sama da 2,000 na Najeriya da na Chadi sun kai hari garin tare da kwato shi. yakin ya yi sanadin lalata motocin Boko Haram da dama tare da kashe mayakan Boko Haram 228.

## Duba kuma
Yakin Damasak

## Manazarta
Yakin Damasak

**Yakin Damasak** Ya faru ne a ranar sha takwas 18 ga watan Maris shekara ta dubu biyu da sha biyar 2015 lokacin da sojojin Nijar da na Chadi suka kai wa 'yan Boko Haram hari a garin Damasak na Najeriya. An fatattaki ‘yan Boko Haram daga garin bayan kwashe kasa da kwana guda ana gwabza kazamin fada. A ranar ashirin da huɗu 24 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar dubu biyu da sha huɗu 2014 ne kungiyar  Boko Haram suka kwace iko da garin Damasak, kuma ikon na  karkashinsu har zuwa karshen wannan yakin. A lokacin da aka kwato garin ya kasance ba kowa. Farar hular da suka rage a cikin garin daga marasa lafiya sai tsofaffin da ba za su iya barin garin ba. Bayan yakin sojojin Chadi sun kafa sansanoni a wajen garin sannan jiragen helikwafta na Chadi guda biyu 2 sun iso da wasu kayayyaki. 
## Bayan nan
A ranar ashirin 20 ga watan Maris, kwanaki biyu bayan yakin, sojojin Nijar da kuma na Chadi sun gano wani wakeken kabari da mutane fiye da casa'in 90 aciki a karkashin wata gada dake a wajen birnin. Gawarwakin fararen hular sun ji raunika ta hanyar iska ta hamada, wanda ke nuni da cewa an yi kisan kiyashi ne a wani lokaci da ya wuce.

## Manazarta
Mraimdy

**Ammar Idris Muhammad** ya kasance wanda aka fi sani da Mraimdy, mawaki ne dan kasar Najeriya dake zaune a kasar Indiya, mawaki, marubuci kuma mai gudanarwa. Aikinsa ya fara ne a cikin 2011, yana ɗan shekara 16, lokacin da Hsg kungiya ya sanya hannu a matsayin ma wakinsu she kara dubu biyu da shabiyu.-zumba
Daga wata shahararriyar waka mai suna Zumba Zumba da yayi da akasar Indiya. Mraimdy ya sanya ji dadi a zukatan ma biyansa, sannan kuma Mraimdy ya nuna ko karin sa kan wakoki. Waƙar gabaɗaya tare da Mraimdy.

## Hotuna
(2019) Kuma da yawa sun fito da waƙoƙi guda ɗaya waɗanda har yanzu suke yawo a cikin duk dandamali na kiɗa da bidiyo akan yawo na Youtube.
*An Saki 10-Jun-2022 tare da Mawaƙin Bollywood a india Music and Video Album.day.com/amp/brand-media/article/

## Kyauta
# ASIAN AFRICAN AWARD
# AASI  African india Association Awards da sauran kyaututtukan da aka zabo masa wadanda ba a ambata ba.
# Mraimdy Bollywood music project release An fitar da ranar sanarwa ta indian News Media mai suna (Mid Day) Waƙar ta Elegant Eye Music, Mraimdy wakan ya fito ne a ranar 10 ga Yuni 2022.https://www.mid-day.com/amp/brand-media/article/the-upcoming-song-zumba-zumba-before-release-creates-much-buzz-in-the-music-world-23230953http://www.futuristicblog.com.ng/2023/05/what-you-need-to-know-about-zahracak.html 

## Boom Boom Tel Aviv Song
**Boom Boom Tel Aviv** is a song by Mraimdy, a multifaceted artist who conceived the original vocal, composed the music, and wrote the lyrics. The track achieved viral success, accumulating millions of views within 28 hours of its release. Notably, it reached 1 million views on YouTube within this timeframe before the video was taken down. Mraimdy reuploaded the song, but his channel was subsequently terminated by YouTube between July 4 and July 6, 2025. The song's thought-provoking lyrics and captivating melody resonated globally, sparking discussions on accountability, ego, and truth. Lucas Gage also contributed distinct and separate lyrics to the song, bringing a different perspective. Both artists' contributions are featured in the song, with differing lyrical content.

**Song details** :
- Song title: Boom Boom Tel Aviv
- Artists: Mraimdy (original vocals, composition, and lyrics) and Lucas Gage (lyrics)
- Release date: July 1, 2025
- Genre: Rap/R&B
- Length: 3:22
- Views: 1.8 million.Boom Boom Tel Avivhttps://www.indiatoday.in/amp/world/story/boom-boom-tel-aviv-anti-zionist-israel-song-us-veteran-iran-russia-shared-viral-censored-lucas-gage-lyrics-2748312-2025-06-30https://odysee.com/@kareldonk:8/boomboom2:8https://genius.com/songs?max_song_id=5339
Yunwa

**Yunwa** a mahanga mutumtaka da mu'amalan yau da kullum, siyasa, da wani yanayi da mutum yake da rauni a zahiri da sanadiyyar rashin abun masarufi a hannunsa domin samun abinda zai ci domin ya rayu. Ita kalmar *Yunwa* ba kawai tana nufin buƙatuwar abinci ba kamar yadda kowane mutum ya sani, har ila yau tana bayanin *[[Kwadayi]] ko muradin abinci*. Matakin Yunwa na karshe shi ne, matsanancin rashin abinci da ya haifar da yaduwar rashin sinadarai wanda abinci ke dauke dasu a jikin dan adam wanda a sanadiyyar hakan ake mutuwa.

Tarihi ya kiyaye wasu yankuna a duniya da suka wahala na tsawon wani lokaci a sanadiyyar yunwa. A mafi yawon lokutta yunwa tana samuwa ne a sakamakon yankewar hanyoyin samun abinci a dalilin yaki, annoba ta cututtuka da kuma gurbatan yanayi da ba zai bada damar noma ba. Lokaci mai tsawo bayan gushewar yakin Duniya na biyu, ci gaban kimiyya da kuma hadin kai da aka samu a siyasance ya samar da wani yanayi da yake nuni da cewa akwai yiyuwar rage tasirin yunwa ga mutanen dake fama da ita. Duk da haka cigaban da aka samu bai zama mabayyani ba, a shekarar 2014, irin wancan matsanciyar yunwa ta rage sosai a manyan yankuna na duniya. A ruwayar FAO's ta shekarar 2021, ƙungiya mai suna *The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World* wato (SOFI) ta bayyana cewa, adadin mutanen da keda tsohuwar yunwa a tattare yana hauhawa tsakanin shekarar 2014 da kuma 2019. A shekarar 2020 an samu karuwar yunwa sosai saboda Annobar korona, wanda hakan yayi sanadiyyar samun kusan mutane miliyan dari bakwai da saba'in da suke fama da ciwon yunwa.

## Ma'ana da Bayanan Kalmomi

## kidiggiga

## Yaki da Yunwa

 
## Manazarta
Dutsen tsuntsaye masu farin wuya

**Rockfowl mai launin fari** wani tsuntsu ne mai matsakaicin girma a cikin iyalan Picathartidae, tare da dogon wuyansa da wutsiya. Wanda kuma aka fi sani da **farar wuyansa picathartes**, ana samun wannan tsuntsu a hanyar wucewa a cikin dazuzzukan masu tsayi a yammacin Afirka daga Guinea zuwa Ghana.  Rockfowl yawanci yana zaɓar zama kusa da rafuka da inselbergs. Ba shi da wasu nau'ikan da aka sani, kodayake wasu sun yi imanin cewa yana samar da  nau'ikan dutse masu launin toka. Dutsen mai farin wuya yana da sassan sama masu launin toka-baƙar fata da farar ƙasa. Ana amfani da wutsiya mai tsayi da ba a saba gani ba don daidaitawa, kuma cinyoyinta na tsoka ne. Kan ba shi da fuka-fuki, tare da fallasa fatar da ke da haske rawaya sai manyan guda biyu, baƙaƙe masu madauwari da ke bayan idanu. Ko da yake tsuntsu yakan yi shiru, an san wasu kiraye-kirayen. Colonies are typically found within  of a stream.

Waɗannan tsuntsayen suna ciyarwa ne daga kwari, kodayake iyayensu suna ciyar da ƙananan kwadi ga 'ya'yansu. Dabarun ciyarwa ɗaya ta ƙunshi bin tururuwa rundunonin sojan *Dorylus*, ciyar da kwarin da tururuwa suka zubar.  Wannan tsuntsu ba kasafai yake tashi ba na dogon zango.  Ana gina waɗannan gidajen ne daga laka da aka kafa zuwa wani kofi mai zurfi kuma an gina su a saman dutse, yawanci a cikin kogo. Ana yin ƙwai biyu sau biyu a shekara. Ko da yake tsuntsaye suna haifuwa a cikin yankuna, kisan jarirai ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a cikin wannan nau'in, tare da tsuntsayen dutse suna ƙoƙarin kashe matasan wasu nau'i-nau'i. Nestlings suna girma a cikin kusan wata guda. Wannan tsuntsu ya daɗe.

An rarraba wannan tsuntsu a matsayin mai rauni yayin da raguwar yawan ke fuskantar barazanar lalata muhalli. Ana ci gaba da ƙoƙarin kiyayewa a sassa na kewayon sa ta hanyar kare muhalli, ƙoƙarin ilimi, da sabbin dokoki. Wasu daga cikin 'yan asalin ƙasar Saliyo sun ɗauki nau'in a matsayin mai kare gidan ruhohin kakanninsu. Wannan tsuntsayen dutse ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin tsuntsayen da masu tsuntsu ke sha'awa a Afirka kuma alama ce ta yawon buɗe ido a fadin sa.

## Taxonomy

## Manazarta
Harin Bam a Kaduna Afrilu 2012

**Harin ƙunar baƙin wake** da aka kai da mota a ranar 8 ga watan Afrilun 2012 a cocin Easter Day, a garin Kaduna da ke Najeriya, wanda ya shafi Kiristoci. Aƙalla mutane 38 ne aka ruwaito sun mutu.  Ana zargin ƙungiyar Boko Haram, ƙungiyar masu tsattsauran ra'ayin Islama da ke da alhakin kashe ɗaruruwan kashe-kashe a kasar a shekarar 2012 kadai.

## Cikakkun bayanai
Fashewar ta afku a Kaduna, babban birnin jihar Kaduna, inda babura da suka ƙone da kuma tarkace suka mamaye babban titi a cikin birnin inda da yawa ke taruwa don cin abinci a gidajen cin abinci na yau da kullun da kuma sayan mai a kasuwar baƙar fata. Otal-otal da gidajen da ke kusa da su an busa tagoginsu da rufin asiri sakamakon karfin fashewar wani abu da ya rutsa da gungun masu motocin haya. 

Fashewar ta lalata majami’ar All Nations Christian Assemblies International da ke kusa da cocin ECWA Good News Church a yayin da ƴan cocin ke gudanar da ibadar bikin Easter, motar da ke dauke da bama-baman ta yi yunkurin shiga harabar cocin kafin ta tarwatse, amma shingen da ke cikin cocin ya tare shi. titi sai wani jami'in tsaro ya juyar da shi yayin da ƴan sanda suka zo.  

Fasto Joshua Raji ya ce "Muna cikin hidimar sada zumunci mai tsarki, kuma ina yi wa jama'a gargadi kwatsam, sai muka ji wata babbar hayaniya wadda ta farfasa dukkan tagogi da kofofinmu, tare da lalata mana magoya bayanmu da wasu kayan aikinmu a cocin," in ji Fasto Joshua Raji. . 

## Nauyi
Duk da yake babu wanda ya ɗauki alhakin kai harin, nan take shakku ya faɗa kan wata ƙungiyar masu tsattsauran ra'ayin Islama da ake zargi da kashe daruruwan kashe-kashe a kasar mai arzikin man fetur a bana kadai. Kuma wasu na fargabar harin na iya kara ruruta wutar rikici a kewayen garin Kaduna, yankin da ke kan raba kan al’ummar kudancin Najeriya da ke da yawan mabiya addinin Kirista da kuma na Arewacin Musulmi. 

## Duba kuma

* Disamba 2011 Arewacin Najeriya hare-hare
* Rikicin Disambar 2012 a Arewacin Najeriya

## Manazarta
Harin Jirgin Sama na Kwatar Daban Masara

**Harin jirgin saman Daban Masara** ya afkawa kasuwar kifi a ƙauyen Kwatar Daban Masara, jihar Borno, Najeriya a ranar 26 ga Satumba, 2021, inda ya kashe mutane tsakanin 50 zuwa 60.

## Kai hari
Kwanaki 10 gabanin kai harin ta sama mayaƙan ƙasashen waje na ISWAP sun isa Kwatar Daban Masara a cikin manyan motoci. Hakan ya sa jami'an leken asirin Najeriya suka sanyawa garin sa ido .

A ranar 26 ga Satumba, 2021, sojoji sun sami majiyar cewa ISWAP na shirin kai hari daga garin. Sojojin saman sun yanke shawarar ɗaukar matakin ne da misalin karfe 6:00 na safe agogon kasar, wani jirgin saman sojan sama ya kai wani hari na riga-kafi a kasuwar kifi da ke ƙauyen, inda ya kashe fararen hula akalla 50-60.

## Duba kuma

* Rann bam

## Manazarta
Kidan dabino

**Kiɗan dabino**   (wanda aka fi sani da **maringa** a yaren Saliyo ) nau'in kiɗa ne na Yammacin Afirka . Ya samo asali ne a tsakanin mutanen Kru na Laberiya da Saliyo, waɗanda suka yi amfani da gitar Portuguese ɗin da ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa suka kawo, suna haɗa kaɗe-kaɗe da kaɗe-kaɗe tare da Trinidadian calypso don ƙirƙirar "haske, sauƙi, salon lilting".   

## Asali
An yi wa kiɗan dabino suna bayan an sha shi, ruwan inibin dabino, wanda aka yi shi daga ruwan ɗanyen mai na dabino, wanda ake sha a wurin tarukan da masu kaɗa na Afirka na farko suka yi. 

## Tarihi
An ƙirƙiro wannan waƙar ne daga haɗuwar ma’aikatan jirgin ruwa na gida da na waje, ma’aikatan jirgin ruwa, da ’yan aiki na gida waɗanda za su je mashaya ruwan inabi don sha da sauraron kiɗa. Kayan aiki masu ɗaukuwa da kirtani na gida da kaɗe-kaɗe sun haɗu don ƙirƙirar wannan salon. Daga cikin irin wannan nau'in ne aka yi ta fizge yatsa biyu na gargajiya a lokacin da mawaƙa ke buga ta kamar yadda suke buga garaya ko garaya. An buga wannan salon yawanci a cikin mita 4/4 da aka daidaita. 
## Manazarta
Tashin bama-bamai a cocin Kaduna Yuni 2012

A ranar 17 ga watan Yunin 2012, an kai wa wasu majami'u Kiristoci uku hari a jihar Kaduna da ke a arewacin Najeriya, sakamakon fashewar bama-bamai. Aƙalla mutane 12 ne suka mutu sannan wasu 80 suka jikkata.  A ranar 24 ga watan Yunin 2012, kamfanin dillancin labarai na Reuters ya ruwaito cewa an kashe mutane 19. 

## Tshin bama-bamai
Biyu daga cikin fashe-fashen uku sun faru ne a gundumar Wusasa da Sabon-Gari a Zariya. Bam na uku ya faru ne a Kaduna babban birnin jihar Kaduna. An samu wasu rahotanni da ba a tabbatar da su ba na wasu bama-bamai biyu a yankin kudancin Kaduna.

Hukumomin jihar Kaduna sun sanya dokar hana fita ta sa'o'i 24. 

## Nauyi
Jihar Kaduna dai ta bayyana cewa ta yiwu ƙungiyar Boko Haram ce ke kai hare-haren. A cewar wasu majiyoyin, har yanzu babu wanda ya san inda aka kai harin amma da dama sun yi imanin cewa kungiyar Boko Haram ce.  A baya dai wannan ƙungiya ta bayar da hujjar kai hare-hare kan coci-coci da cewa harin ramuwar gayya ne na kashe-kashen da ake yi wa musulmi a tsakiyar Najeriya. 

Ƙungiyar Boko Haram ta ce tana son a kafa tsarin shari'ar Musulunci a fadin Najeriya kuma tana kokarin haifar da rikici tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi.

## Nassoshi
N'guigmi (Sashe)

**N'guigmi** sashe ne na yankin Diffa a Nijar. Babban birninsa yana cikin birnin N'guigmi. Ya zuwa 2011, sashen yana da jimillar mutane 77,748.

## Nassoshi
Yankin Sahara na Afrika

Yankin kudu da hamadar sahara yanki ne da yankuna na yankin nahiyar Afirka dake kudu da hamadar sahara. Waɗannan sun haɗa da Afirka ta Tsakiya, Gabashin Afirka, Kudancin Afirka, da Afirka ta Yamma. Dangane da yanayin kasa, ban da kasashen nahiyar Afirka da yankuna da ke da cikakken a wannan yankin da aka kayyade, kalmar na iya hada da siyasar da kawai ke da wani yanki na yankinsu a wannan yankin, bisa ga ma'anar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UN).
Wannan ana la'akari da yankin da ba daidai ba tare da adadin ƙasashen da suka haɗa da bambanta daga 46 zuwa 48 dangane da ƙungiyar da ke kwatanta yankin (misali UN, WHO, Bankin Duniya, da dai sauransu). Ana kuma ɗaukar wannan a matsayin yanki mara misaltuwa tare da adadin ƙasashen da aka haɗa sun bambanta daga 46 zuwa 48 dangane da ƙungiyar da ke kwatanta yankin.(misali UN, WHO, Bankin Duniya, da sauransu). Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka (AU) ta yi amfani da rugujewar yanki daban-daban, inda ta amince da dukkan kasashe mambobi 55 na nahiyar - ta hada su zuwa yankuna 5 daban-daban.

## Manazarta
Enitan Ransome-Kuti

**Enitan Ransome-Kuti** (an haifeshi a shekara ta 1964) hafsan sojan Najeriya ne kuma ɗan marigayi mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam Beko Ransome-Kuti. A cikin shekara ta 2015, ya yi aiki a matsayin kwamandan rundunar haɗin gwiwa ta kasa da kasa. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Enitan a birnin Legas. Tsohon dalibi ne a Makarantar Soja ta Najeriya da ke Zaria da kuma Makarantar Tsaro ta Najeriya inda ya yi karatun boko kafin ya samu aikin sojan Najeriya, a Najeriya. 

## Sana'a
Bayan ya tashi daga muƙamin soja zuwa babban birgediya Janar, an naɗa Enitan kwamandan rundunar haɗin gwiwa ta kasa da kasa. A ranar 15 ga watan Oktoba, 2015, wata kotun soji ta sallame shi daga aikin sojan Najeriya tare da yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin watanni shida a gidan yari bayan samunsa da laifin " tsorata_(tsoro ya hana ya fuskanci abokan gaba) " da " tawaye " bayan harin Baga da kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai a shekarar 2015. Sai dai an sassauta hukuncin da aka yanke masa da kuma korar shi a ranar 3 ga watan Maris 2016, kuma an rage mashi matsayi zuwa muƙamin Kanal.

## Manazarta
Babbar hanyar A124

**Babban titin A124** babbar hanya ce a Najeriya. Hanyar na ɗaya daga cikin titin *gabas-maso-yamma* da ya haɗa manyan hanyoyin *kudu maso arewa*. (Sunan hanyar ya samo asali ne daga manyan hanyoyi guda biyu da suka haɗe da hanyar).

Titin ya taso ne daga babbar titin A1 dake arewacin Mokwa jihar Neja zuwa babbar hanyar A2 dake Madalla kusa da Abuja.

## Manazarta
Nestle Najeriya

Suna a hukumance **Nestle Nigeria Plc** kamfani ne na musamman mai samar da abinci da abin sha wanda ke da hedikwata a birnin Legas. Kamfanin mallakar wani kamfani ne, dake a ƙasar Switzerland kuma yana da alaƙa da kamfanin Tolaram Group. An kafa kamfanin ne a shekara ta 1961 kuma ya gudanar da kasuwancin sa a ƙarƙashin sunan (*Nestle Products Nigeria Limited*). Kamfanin na da babbar masana'anta a cikin Estate Industrial Estate, Jihar Ogun. Yana samar da (cereal) na karin kumallo, kayan abinci na jarirai, kayan abinci da (hydrolyzed plant protein).

Mujallar Africa Business ta saka sunan kamfanin a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin jerin manyan kamfanoni 100.

## Tarihi
Kamfanin ya fara kasuwanci da sunan Nestle Products Nigeria, a cikin shekara ta 1969, an canza sunan zuwa Food Specialties Limited. Ya fara kasuwanci a kasuwar hada-hadar hannayen jari ta Najeriya a shekarar 1979 biyo bayan dokar inganta 'yan asalin kasar. A cikin shekara ta 1991, an kuma canza sunan kamfanin zuwa (*Nestle Foods Nigeria*) daga nan bayan shekaru goma ya sauya suna zuwa, (*Nestle Nigeria PLC*). Tun da farko, aikin kamfanin shine rarrabawa da kuma sayar da kayayyakin Nestle wanda a baya ƴan kasuwa suke shigo da su a cikin ƙasar daga ƙasashen waje. A cikin 1971, ya inganta kayan ɗan-ɗano na sinadarin Maggi, wanda hakan ya kai kamfanin ga kafa masana'antar tattara kaya a Legas. Kamfanin ya yi hayar filaye a sabuwar Estate Agbara a cikin 1978 kuma bayan shekaru uku ya fara samar da kayayyakin Maggi da Milo. A cikin 1982, an samar da Cerelac a Najeriya daga Agbara. Tsakanin 1984 zuwa 1986, kamfanin ya gabatar da kayayyakin yaye jarirai tare da abubuwan da ke cikin gida mafi girma, wannan ya hada da (Cerelac Maize) da Nutrend, tare da (Mixture of soy and maize). Daga baya ya gabatar da Chocomilo, kayan zaƙi. A cikin shekara ta 2011, kamfanin ya fadada samar da (marquee) tare da bude masana'antar Maggi a Flowergate, jihar Ogun. Nestle Waters Nigeria ta ƙaddamar da wani wurin samar da ruwan sha na al'umma don tabbatar da tsaftataccen ruwan sha a yankin Magedari da ke birnin Abuja wanda wani bangare ne na ƙoƙarin Nestle na tabbatar da samun ruwa mai kyau.

A matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙoƙarin samar da ruwa mai kyau, Manajan Kasuwanci, Nestle, Mrs. Gloria Nwabuike, ta ce sun horar da dalibai sama da 800, malamai 300 a makarantu 140 a jihohin; Legas, Ogun, Osun da kuma babban birnin tarayya.

### Talla da rarrabawa
Nestle Nigeria ya ɗauki nauyin gasar cin abinci ta kasa ta Maggi, kuma a baya ya ɗauki nauyin wasan nuna girki na Maggi-(Maggi- cooking show). Hakanan ya ɗauki nauyin gasar wasanni ta hanyar reshensa (Milo brand) .

Kamfanin yana da masana'antu guda biyu a jihar Ogun da cibiyar rarraba hajar kamfanin a Ota. Alamomin Nestle kamar Cerelac, Milo, Maggi cube sun sami matsayin sunan cikin gida.

## Alamomi

### Abinci da hatsi

* Cerelac
* Nutrend
* Golden Morn
* NAN
* Lactogen

### Abun sha

* Chocomilo
* Milo
* NIDO
* Nescafe
* Purelife water

### Kayan Ɗanɗano

* Maggi

## Manazarta
Bidiyo na Haɗin Gwiwa

**Bidiyo na Haɗin Gwiwa,** wani karin bidiyo da ya sami muku bayani da takardun kwamfuta daga tsarin fim na Hausa. Bidiyon ya faru ne da muhimmiyar yin amfani ga shafin bidiyo na yanar internet domin ya samu damar yin hirarraki da kuma yin saka hotuna da kuma labarai.

Bidiyo na Haɗin Gwiwa ya zama wannan bidiyo da zasu sami kwanaki da kuma fasaha ga wadanda ke tsakanin yanar gizo. Cikakken bayanai da aka sami a bidiyon shi ne na cin duri da kuma tsarin kwamfuta da aka cikin karin sa.

Bayanai da aka sami a bidiyo na Haɗin Gwiwa za su iya saurara zuwa ga yanzu daga tsari da ke nufin yin hira ga dukkan wadanda ke da shawarwari a shafin bidiyo. Da dai sauran fasahar hanyoyi da aka yi amfani da su a cikin karin sa.

Bayanai da aka sami a bidiyo na Haɗin Gwiwa za su iya saurara zuwa ga yanzu daga tsari da ke nufin yin hira ga dukkan wadanda ke da shawarwari a shafin bidiyo. Da dai sauran fasahar hanyoyi da aka yi amfani da su a cikin karin sa.

Wannan bidiyo ya samu damar yin amfani ga wadanda ke da juna da kuma cikakken labarai game da kuma musamman da yake zargin suna yin aiki a tsari. Yana kuma shirin da suka dace zuwa ga hotunan sauran bidiyon fim kamar su shirin Yaki da Gobe, Wata Ruga da dai sauransu.

## Manazarta
Shisshigin kasashen waje daga Amurka

Kasar Amirka ta tsoma baki da dama a cikin tarihinta. Ta hanyar ma'anar shigar bakin soja, Amurka ta tsunduma cikin kusan ayyukan sojjoi 400 tsakanin Shekarar (1776) da (2019), tare da rabin wadannan ayyukan da suka faru tun shekarar (1950) the kuma sama da kashi 25% suna faruwa a lokacin yakin cacar baki.  Makasudin waɗannan shisshigi sun ta'allaka ne kan tattalin arziki, ƙasa, kariyar zamantakewa, canjin tsarin mulki, kare 'yan ƙasar Amurka da jami'an diflomasiyya, canjin siyasa, daula, da ginin mulki . 

An sami manyan makarantu guda biyu a Amurka game da manufofin ketare iyaka, wanda ke ƙarfafa tsoma bakin soja, diflomasiyya, da tattalin arziƙi a cikin ƙasashen waje - da kuma warewar kai, wanda ke hana waɗannan.

Karni na 19 ya samo asali ne daga shiga tsakani na Amurka na kasashen waje, wanda a lokacin ya fi dacewa da damar tattalin arziki a yankin Pacific da Latin Amurka da Espaniya ke rike da shi tare da ka'idar Monroe, wanda ya ga Amurka tana neman manufar yin tsayayya da mulkin mallaka na Turai a cikin mulkin mallaka na Turai . Yammacin duniya . A Karni na 20 ya ga Amurka ta shiga cikin yakin duniya biyu inda sojojin Amurka suka yi yaki tare da kawayensu a yakin kasa da kasa kan Imperial Japan, Imperial da Nazi Jamus, da abokansu. Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu yankin ya haifar da wata manufa ta ƙetare da nufin hana yaduwar gurguzu a duniya . Yakin cacar baki da ya biyo baya ya haifar da rukunan Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Carter, da Reagan Doctrines, waɗanda duk sun ga Amurka ta rungumi leƙen asiri, canjin tsarin mulki, rikice-rikicen wakilai, da sauran ayyukan sirri na duniya a kan Tarayyar Soviet .

Bayan da Tarayyar Soviet ta ruguje a shekara 1991, Amurka ta zama babbar kasa ta duniya, ta ci gaba da shiga tsakanin kasashen dake a Afirka, Gabashin Turai, da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Bayan harin da aka kai a ranar 11 ga watan Satumban shekara ta 2001, Amurka da kawayenta na kungiyar tsaro ta NATO sun kaddamar da yakin duniya na yaki da ta'addanci inda Amurka ta kaddamar da yakin yaki da ta'addanci na kasa da kasa kan kungiyoyi masu tsattsauran ra'ayi irin su Al-Qaeda da IS a kasashe daban-daban. Ka'idar Bush na yaƙin riga-kafi ya ga Amurka ta mamaye Iraki a cikin 2003 kuma ta ga sojoji sun faɗaɗa kasancewarsu a Afirka da Asiya ta hanyar sabunta manufofin tsaro na cikin gida . Dabarun gwamnatin Obama na shekarar 2012 " Pivot to Gabashin Asiya " ta nemi sake mayar da hankali kan kokarin da Amurka ke yi na siyasa daga masu tayar da kayar baya a yankin gabas ta tsakiya don kara yawan shigar Amurkawa a gabashin Asiya, a matsayin wani bangare na manufar daukar kasar Sin mai hazaka .

## Bayan Mulkin Mallaka

A Karni na 19 ya ga Amurka ta sauya sheka daga mai wariyar kai, ikon yanki bayan mulkin mallaka zuwa ikon Trans-Atlantic da Trans-Pacific.

## Manazarta
Haɗari

**Hadari** abune da yake faruwa da tare da ana so ba, a takaice lamari ne da yake faruwa ba tare da ana bukatar sa ba, wanda kai tsaye bazamu iya cewa Dan adam nada hannu wurin faruwar sa ba domin yana faruwa ne ba tare da shiri ba. Kalmar *Hadari* ta nuna rashin dora alhaki akan kowa, amma zai iya faruwa a sanadiyyar rashin kiyaye halin ko'in kula. Mafi  yawan masu bincike wadanda sukayi nazari akan Rauni/Ciwo da aka samu bisa tsautsayi, suna gujema yin amfani da kalmar hadari a wannan bangaren, sunfi maida hankali akan abubuwan dake haddasa samun munanan raunuka da kuma hanyoyin da za'a rage faruwar hakan.. Misali idan Icce fado kasa a sanadiyyar matsanancin iska,ba zamu dora alhakin hakan akan wani ba, amma mu lura da yanayin girman iccen, lafiyarsa, inda yake da rashin kula daya samu, saboda duka wadannan suna iya zama sanadiyyar fadowarsa. Mafi yawan karon motoci ba zamu kirashi da Hadari ba, sai dai masu amfani da harshen ingilishi sun fara amfani da kalmar a *Karni na Ashirin* sakamakon jita jita da aka yada a kafofin sada zumunta domin kare muradin kamfanonin ababen hawa na kasar Amurka.

## Ire iren Hadari

## Manazarta
Hadari

Hazratbal yanki ne da aka sanar da shi wanda ke cikin Gundumar Srinagar ta Jammu da Kashmir . Yana da kimanin kilomita  (6.2  daga tsakiyar birnin Srinagar. Yankin ya zama sananne bayan gina Hazratbal Shrine, inda daruruwan dubban mutane ke ziyartar kowace shekara saboda an yi imanin cewa abubuwa da yawa da suka shafi annabin Musulunci Muhammadu suna can.

Kalmar Hazrat a cikin Urdu tana ba da alamar "girmamawa" kuma *bal* a cikin Kashmiri yana nufin "wuri". Don haka, kalmar Hazratbal tana nufin wurin da ake girmamawa sosai tsakanin mutane. Dal Lake da jiragen ruwa da ke kusa da shi sun sanya birnin wurin yawon bude ido, kuma tattalin arzikin yankin ya dogara da yawon bude hankali.

Kabarin Sheikh Muhammad Abdullah yana cikin yankin.

Lambar gidan waya ta yankin ita ce 190006.

## Rarrabawar
Yankunan da ke ƙarƙashin mazabar Hazratbal sune a ƙarƙashin:

* Garin Hazratbal
* Naseem Bagh
* Mallabagh srinagar
* Usmaan Abad Malabagh
* Batpora
* Zukura
* Ishber
* Habakuna
* Abin baƙin ciki
* Gulab Bagh
* Dakatar da Molvi
* Jirgin Kadal
* Lal Bazar Hazratbal Babban Hanyar
* Pari Chowk, Lal Bazar, Babban Hanyar Hazratbal
* Wutsiyar baya

## Ilimi
Akwai cibiyoyin ilimi guda uku a yankin.

* Jami'ar Kashmir
* Kwalejin Injiniya - Jami'ar Kashmir  An adana ta  , wanda aka fi sani da "Zukura Campus"
* Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kasa, Srinagar

Saboda wannan dalili, an dauke shi a matsayin cibiyar ilimi mafi girma a Kwarin Kashmir. Dalibai daga sassa daban-daban na jihar suna karatun Fasaha, Humanities, Kimiyya, Larabci, Farisa, Urdu, Injiniya a cikin waɗannan cibiyoyin.

## Manazarta
Mutuwar Vincent van Gogh

**Mutuwar [[Vincent van Gogh]]**, mai zane ɗan kasar Holand, ya faru ne da sanyin safiyar ranar 29 ga watan Yulin 1890, a cikin ɗakinsa a Auberge Ravoux a ƙauyen Auvers-sur-Oise a arewacin Faransa. Kwanaki biyu kafin nan, Van Gogh ya harbe kansa ko kuma da gangan wani ya harbe shi. Yayin da takardar shaidar mutuwarsa ta bayyana cewa ya mutu ne a dalilin cewa ya kashe kansa, akalla wasu masu rubuta tarihin rayuwa su biyu sun kalubalanci hakan, inda suka ce mai yiwuwa wani ne ya harbe shi da gangan.

## Tushen labari

### Bayyanar farko-farko na mutuwarsa
A farkon shekarar 1883, Vincent van Gogh ya rubuta wa ɗan'uwansa Theo : "... Game da lokacin da har yanzu ina da damar yin ayyuka na nan gaba, ina tsammanin jikina zai riƙe ni na zuwa wasu adadin shekaru. .. tsakanin 7-10, ya ce", ". . . Ya kamata in shirya tsawon tsakanin shekaru 5 zuwa 10. . "  Jami'in Van Gogh Ronald de Leeuw ya ayyana wannan batu da cewa "ya rubuta a wannan ne saboda yana tunanin cewa zai shawa kan matsalolinsa a tsakanin shekaru goma".  

## Manazarta
African Business

***Afircan Business*** mujallar kasuwanci ce ta Afirka wadda kamfanin IC Publications, dake birnin London, ke bugawa. Editan ta, mai ci a yanzu shine David Thomas.  

## Tarihi
An fara buga labarai na jaridar a cikin watan Janairu 1982. Anver Versi shine editan mujallar na farko. Hedkwatarta tana a birnin Landan. Mujallar wacce ake wallafa labarai a wata-wata tana taɓo batutuwan kasuwanci a faɗin kasashen Afirka. Rahotanni na musamman sun tattauna takamaiman sassa da masana'antu. Tun daga shekara ta 2012, mujallar na da masu biyan kuɗi-(subscribers) kusan dubu 140,000. Ana buga mujallar da harshen Turanci da kuma Faransanci.

Mujallar na shirya taro duk shekara-shekara na "African Business Awards" tare da haɗin gwiwar Majalisar Kasuwancin Commonwealth. Taron shekara ta 2011, an  gudanar da shi a birnin London, na ƙasar Ingila.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*
IC Publications

***IC Publications*** gidan buga mujjalu ko jaridu ne, wanda Afif Ben Yedder,  ya kafa a cikin shekara ta 1957 a birnin Paris. Hedkwatar gidan a yanzu na cikin London Farringdon.

Mutane miliyan 2.6 ne ke karanta rukunin mujallun kamfanin a cikin ƙasashe sama da 100.

Da harshen Turanci, kamfanin na IC ke buga mujjalun; *New African*, *[[African Business|Africam Business]]*, *[[African Banker|Africam Banker]]*, *[[New African Woman]]*, sai kuma a cikin harshen Faransanci, yake buga mujallun; *Le Magazine De L'Afrique*, *Le Magazine Des Dirigeants Africains*, *Le Magazine De La Banque Et De La Finance* da *Femme Africaine* . Babbar jaridar kamfanin itace, *Mujallar [[African Business]]*, mujallar da ake mutuntawa ga harkokin kasuwanci da zuba jari a duk faɗin nahiyar.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*
G5 Sahel

**G5 Sahel** ko **G5S** () wani tsari ne na cibiyoyi don daidaita hadin gwiwar yanki a cikin manufofin ci gaba da al'amuran tsaro a yammacin Afirka. An kuma kafa ƙungiyar ne a ranar 16 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 2014 a Nouakchott, Mauritania, a taron ƙasashe biyar na Sahel: Burkina Faso, Chadi, Mali, Mauritania, da Nijar.   An karɓi yarjejeniyar kafa ƙungiyar a ranar 19 ga watan Disamba 2014, kuma ƙungiyar na da mazauni na din-din-din a Mauritania. An shirya haɗin kai akan matakai daban-daban. Babban hafsan hafsoshin ƙasashen duniya ne ke gudanar da aikin soja a ƙungiyar. Manufar G5 Sahel ita ce karfafa dankon zumunci tsakanin ci gaban tattalin arziki da tsaro, tare da yaƙi da barazanar ƙungiyoyin jihadi da ke ta'addanci a yankin ( AQIM, MOJWA, Al-Mourabitoun, da Boko Haram ).

A ranar 15 ga watan Mayun shekarar 2022 ne kasar Mali ta sanar da ficewa daga cikin kawancen, sakamakon kin amincewar da wasu kasashe suka yi na ganin kasar ta karbi ragamar shugabancin kasar .

## Tarihi
A ranar 1 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2014, Faransa ta ƙaddamar da shirin yaki da ta'addanci, mai taken Operation Barkhane, inda ta tura sojoji dubu 3,000 a cikin kasashe mambobin gamayyar ƙungiyar ta G5 Sahel. A ranar 20 ga watan Disamba, G5 Sahel, tare da goyon bayan kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka, ta yi kira ga kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ya kafa rundunar ƙasa da ƙasa don "tsakanin kungiyoyin masu dauke da makamai, da taimakawa sasantawar kasa, da kafa cibiyoyin dimokiradiyya a Libya." Hakan ya fuskanci adawa daga ƙasar Algeria.

A cikin watan Yunin shekarar 2017, Faransa ta buƙaci kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya amince da tura rundunar yaki da ta'addanci da ta ƙunshi sojoji dubu 10,000 zuwa G5 Sahel. Majalisar dokokin Jamus ta Bundeswehr ta amince da bayar da gudunmuwar dakaru ta kusan 900 domin taimakawa aikin. Za a yi amfani da su galibi a yankin Gao na Arewacin Mali don dalilai na sa ido. Tarayyar Turai ta amince da bayar da Euro miliyan 50 don tallafawa rundunar. Ƙasashen Rasha da China sun nuna goyon bayansu ga aikin, yayin da Amurka da Birtaniya ba su amince da batun samar da kuɗaɗe ba. Faransa da Amurka sun cimma yarjejeniya a ranar 20 ga watan Yuni 2017. Washegari, kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya baki ɗaya ya amince da aikewa da rundunar yaƙi da ta'addanci ta G5 Sahel. A ranar 29 ga watan Yuni, ministan harkokin wajen Faransa Jean-Yves Le Drian ya ba da sanarwar cewa sojojin Faransa za su haɗa kai da G5 Sahel.

## Membobin ƙasashe

## Duba sauran wasu abubuwan

* Pan Sahel Initiative

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* 
* West Africa: The G 5 Sahel - Survival in Time of COVID-19.
Maniyyi

**Maniyyi** ƙwayoyin halitta ne na namiji wanda yake fita a yayin saduwa da mace kuma ya bayar da damar haihuwa. Dabbobi na samar ƙwayar halitta wadda ake kira da maniyi mai motsi kuma tanada jela wana ake kira kwayar haihuwa wato *flagellum,* kuma ana kiranta da *[[spermatozoa]]* wasu daga cikin halittun ruwa suna halittar maniyi wanda be da jelar motsi wanda ake kira *spermatia.* Wasu daga cikin tsirrai sunada ƙwayoyin halitta marasa motsi wasu kuma sunada masu motsi.

## Maniyi ga dabbobi

### Amfani
Muhimmin amfanin maniyi a dabbobi shine isa zuwa kwayar halittar mace (kwai) kuma su hadu don samar da kwayoyin halitta guda biyu: kwayar halittar namiji wanda ke dauke da kwayoyin halittar gado ii) da kuma centrioles wanda ke taimakawa wajen kwayar halittar  *[[microtubulecytoskeleton]].*

## Manazarta
Ahmad Adamu

**Ahmed Adamu** masanin tattalin arzikin man fetur kuma malamin Jami'a ne a Najeriya. An zabe shi a ranar 12 ga watan Nuwamba, 2013 a matsayin shugaba na farko a duniya na Majalisar Matasa ta Commonwealth (CYC).  Adamu ya kasance shugaban CYC har zuwa watan Maris 2016.

## Ayyuka
Adamu ya wakilci kasarsa a shirye-shiryen matasa na kasa da kasa da na Commonwealth, kuma yana cikin manyan jigon majalisar matasan Najeriya.   Adamu masanin tattalin arzikin man fetur ne, malamin jami'a, marubuci, kuma mai magana mai karfafa gwiwa. Shi kwararre ne kan jagoranci da ci gaban mutum, kuma ya horar da kwararru da matasa kan jagoranci da ci gaban mutum, shi ma kwararren kocin kwakwalwa ne.      Dokta Ahmed Adamu ya rubuta kuma ya buga jerin littattafai goma kan jagoranci da ci gaban mutum.  A karshen shekarar 2018, an nada shi a matsayin mataimaki na musamman kan harkokin matasa da dabaru ga tsohon mataimakin shugaban Najeriya kuma dan takarar shugaban kasa na jam’iyyar PDP a zaben 2019, Alhaji Atiku Abubakar.    Ya tsaya takarar dan majalisar wakilai ta tarayya, mai wakiltar mazabar Katsina ta tsakiya a zaben fidda gwani na jam’iyyar PDP na 2018, amma ya sha kaye a zaben fidda gwani. 

## Manazarta
Safarar Mutane

**Safarar Mutane** Huddatayya ce ko kuma kasuwancin safaran mutane saboda aikin bauta, biyan bukata ta hanyar kwanciya dasu ga ma'abota wannan kasuwancin da kuma sauran mutane. Kuma na samar da masoyan dake mu'amala sak irinta ma'aurata ba tare da auren ba a sakamakon auren dole,  ko kuma domin a cire wasu bangarorin jiki  ta hanyar yin tiyata.. Ana kuma Safaran mutane cikin kasa ko kuma tsakanin kasa da kasa, Safaran Mutane babban ne laifi saboda an take dokar yancin Ɗan adam ta yaje inda yake so a lokacin da yaga dama, amma hakan bai samuba  saboda kawai su cimma muradinsu na kasuwanci. Safarar Mutane kasuwancin mutane ne kai tsaye, musamman mata da kananan yara, kuma ba lallai sai an tafi dasu daga wani wuri zuwa wani ba.

## Ma'ana

## kuɗin shiga
A shekarar 2014, Ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta duniya tayi kiyasin kudin shiga da aka samu ta hanyar Tirsasa mutane domin yin aiki har kimanin dala biliyan dari da hamsin.

## Amfani da kalma

## Manazarta