open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Jerin gadoji a Najeriya

## Manyan gadoji

* **Third Mainland Bridge**
** Tsawo: kilomita 11.8
** Nau'in gada: Box girder, siminti mai ƙarfafawa
** Yana ketarewa: Lagos Lagoon
** An buɗe: 1990
** Wuri: Lagos (Somolu – Lagos Mainland – Lagos Island)
** Jiha: Lagos State
** Manazarta:
*** 
*** 

* **Lekki–Ikoyi Link Bridge**
** Tsawo: kilomita 1.36
** Nau'in gada: Cable-stayed
** Yana ketarewa: Five Cowries Creek
** An buɗe: 2013
** Wuri: Lagos (Ibeju-Lekki – Ikoyi)
** Jiha: Lagos State
** Manazarta:
*** 

* **River Niger Bridge (Onitsha)**
** Nau'in gada: Truss, ƙarfe
** Yana ketarewa: Kogin Neja
** An buɗe: 1965
** Wuri: Onitsha
** Jiha: Anambra State
** Manazarta:
*** 

* **Second Niger Bridge**
** Nau'in gada: Box girder, siminti mai ƙarfafawa
** Yana ketarewa: Kogin Neja
** An buɗe: 2022
** Wuri: Onitsha
** Jiha: Anambra State
** Manazarta:
*** 

* **Yola Bridge**
** Nau'in gada: Beam, siminti mai ƙarfafawa
** Yana ketarewa: Kogin Benue
** Wuri: Yola
** Jiha: Adamawa State

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Sunday Aneke

**Air Marshal Sunday Kelvin Aneke** (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1972) jami'in Sojojin Sama ne na Najeriya wanda ke aiki a matsayin Shugaban Ma'aikatan Jirgin Sama . Shugaba Bola Ahmed Tinubu ne ya nada shi a matsayin a shekarar 2025.  Aneke jami'in aiki ne na Sojojin Sama na Najeriya kuma a baya ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kwamandan, aiki, da kuma ma'aikata a cikin sabis ɗin.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Sunday Kelvin Aneke a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 1972 a Makurdi, Jihar Benue, Najeriya . Ya halarci Makarantar Yara ta Soja, New Cantonment, Kaduna, kafin ya ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin Gwamnati, Kaduna. 

An shigar da shi cikin Kwalejin Tsaro ta Najeriya a shekarar 1988 a matsayin memba na 40th Regular Course kuma an ba shi izini a cikin Sojojin Sama na Najeriya a 1993. Aneke tana da digiri na farko na Kimiyya a fannin kimiyyar lissafi. Daga baya ya sami cancantar digiri na biyu a cikin gudanarwa, harkokin kasa da kasa da diflomasiyya, da tattalin arzikin siyasa da nazarin ci gaba daga jami'o'in Najeriya.

## Ayyukan soja
Aneke jami'in aiki ne na Sojojin Sama na Najeriya kuma ya yi aiki a cikin umarni da yawa, aiki, da kuma ma'aikata yayin hidimarsa. Ayyukansa na farko sun haɗa da matsayi na gudanarwa da kayan aiki a Cibiyar Kula da Jirgin Sama, Aircraft Maintenance Depot, Ikeja, da kuma koyarwa da kayan aikin a Makarantar Horar da Jirgin sama a Kaduna.

Ya shiga cikin ayyukan soja da yawa a ciki da wajen Najeriya. Tsakanin shekara ta 2004 zuwa shekara ta 2005, ya shiga cikin ayyukan leken asiri, sa ido, da ayyukan leken asirin a cikin Neja Delta a karkashin Operation Restore Hope . Ya kuma yi aiki tare da aikin kiyaye zaman lafiya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, inda ya rike nauyin ayyukan iska a Kinshasa da yankin Kindu. 

Aneke daga baya ya rike manyan alƙawura a cikin Sojojin Sama na Najeriya, gami da umurni da matsayi na aiki a Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Shugaban kasa, Kwamandan Horar da Jirgin Sama, Kwamandan Jirgin Sama na Tactical, da Hedikwatar Sojojin Jirgin Sama ta Najeriya. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Tsaro da Darakta ya Manufofin a Hedikwatar Sojojin Sama na Najeriya, sannan daga baya a matsayin Mataimakin Kwamandan Kwalejin Tsaro ta Najeriya.

Kafin nadin sa a matsayin Babban Jami'in Jirgin Sama, ya yi aiki a matsayin Kwamandan Jirgin Sama na Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Najeriya, wanda ke zaune a Yenagoa .  A shekara ta 2025, an nada shi Shugaban Ma'aikatan Jirgin Sama na Najeriya.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Barbara Calvert

Barbara Adamson Calvert, QC (née Parker; An haife ta a 30 Afrilu 1926 , kuma ta mutuu a 22 Yuli 2015), sunan da aka fi sanin ta da Shi, shine Lady Lowry bayan aurenta na biyu. Lauya ce ta Burtaniya da ta kware a fannin Dokar iyali. Ita ce mace ta farko da ta fara zama shugabar majalisa a lokacin da ta kafa Kotun Brick 4 a shekara ta 1974.

## Tarihin Rayuwar ta
An haifi Calvert a ranar 30 ga Afrilu 1926 a Leeds, Yorkshire, Ingila. Mahaifinta shi ne Albert Parker CBE, masanin sunadarai. Ta yi karatu a Makarantar St. Helen, makarantar mata mai zaman kanta a Northwood, London. Ta ci gaba da karatun tattalin arziki a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London .

## Ayyukan shari'a
Bayan aurenta na farko a 1948, Calvert ta kasance Uwar gida.A wani biki na Sabuwar Shekara a ƙarshen shekarun 1950, abokiyar mijinta ta ƙarfafa ta ta duba aikin lauya.

A ranar 24 ga Nuwamba 1959, an kira ta zuwa mashaya a Haikali na Tsakiya; a wannan lokacin, kashi 3% ne kawai lauyoyi mata. Ta shiga cikin Ajin da John Platts-Mills ke gudanarwa a matsayin lauya.

A shekara ta 1974, ta kafa ɗakunan kanta a 4 Brick Court . Ta hanyar yin haka, ta zama mace ta farko da ta zama Shugaban Ofishin Lauyoyi.Tana da mata huɗu a matsayin mambobin kafa kuma an yi wa ɗakunan lakabi da sauri "The Monstrous Regimen of Women" (wasan kwaikwayo a kan The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstruous Regiment of Women). A shekara ta 2000, Ofishoshin sun haɗu da wani don samar da Ofishin Coram .

A ranar 6 ga Afrilu 1978, an kira ta zuwa Inner Bar na Arewacin Ireland; saboda haka ta zama Sarauniya mai ba da shawara (QC). [1] Ita ce mace ta farko da aka kira QC a Arewacin Ireland. An nada ta a matsayin Mai rikodin, alƙali na ɗan lokaci, a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba 1980 daga 10 ga Nuwamba. A ranar 15 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1982, an zabe ta a matsayin Bencher na Haikali na Tsakiya; mace ta farko da ta karbi wannan girmamawa.

A shekara ta 1986, ta bar ɗakinta kuma an nada ta Shugabar Kotun Masana'antu, ƙungiyoyin shari'a masu zaman kansu waɗanda ke hulɗa da al'amuran Dokar aiki a Arewacin Ireland. Ita ce mace ta farko da aka nada a wannan

## Bayan wasu lokutta na Rayuwa
Calvert ta kasance mai ba da izini na girmamawa na Ofishin Lauya na 1 Pump Court . A lokacin da take da shekaru 75, ta zama shugabar Tarayyar Kakanni (yanzu Ƙungiyar Kakanni), ƙungiyar agaji don haƙƙin kakanninmu. Daga baya ta tsaya kuma an nada ta mataimakiyar shugaban kasa.

Ta mutu a ranar 22 ga Yuli 2015, tana da shekaru 89. An gudanar da hidimar tunawa da ita a Ranar 13 ga Nuwamba 2015 a Cocin Haikali, Birnin London.

## Rayuwar Sirri
A shekara ta 1948, tana da shekaru 21, ta auri John Thornton Calvert . Suna da 'ya'ya biyu. Ya girme ta da shekaru 20 kuma ya mutu a shekara ta 1987.

A shekara ta 1994, ta auri Lord Lowry, tsohon Lord Chief Justice na Arewacin Ireland. Ya mutu a watan Janairun 1999.

## Manazarta
Lima Aafshid

**Lima Aafshid** (Persian) mawaƙiya ce ƴar ƙasar Afghanistan .  An haife ta ne a Lardin Kapisa a ranar 11 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1996,   ta yi karatun aikin jarida a Jami'ar Kabul,  tana aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto mai zaman kanta da mai sharhi sama da shekaru biyar bayan kammala karatunta. Ta kasance memba mai kafa Sher-e- daneshgah, ƙungiyar waka ta Kabul wacce ta kunshi galibi ɗaliban aji na tsakiya a cikin shekaru ashirin. A cikin 2021, an haɗa ta cikin jerin Mata 100 na BBC. 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Harshen Kakwa

Harshe ko Yaren **Cacua**, wanda aka fi sani da **Kakua** ko Kakwa, yare ne na asali wanda 'yan daruruwan mutane ke magana a Colombia da Brazil. Akwai masu magana da harshe guda da yawa, musamman yara. Baya ga kasancewa kusa da ko yaren Nukak, rarraba shi ba shi da tabbas.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
Harshen yana magana da 'yan asalin Amurka Cacua [Kakua] waɗanda ke zaune a cikin gandun daji na Colombia da Brazil  da ke sama da mita 200 (660  a tsawo. Mutanen suna da hanyoyin rayuwa na gargajiya kamar farauta da tattara makiyaya da aikin gona. Akwai wasu masu magana da ba na asali na Cacua waɗanda galibi ma'aikatan mishan ne. Kasancewarsu ta haifar da fassarar matani na Kirista na addini, musamman Littafi Mai-Tsarki na Kirista.

## Rarraba
Masu magana suna cikin Wacara (A cikin Cacua: Wacará) wanda ke da nisan kilomita 30 (19  daga Mitu (A cikin Caacua da Mutanen Espanya: *Mitú*) a cikin ƙananan Yankin Vaupes .   (A cikin Mutanen Espanya: ). Ginin Kakua na biyu shine "Nuevo Pueblo" (Sabon Birni), wanda ƙauyen daji ne tsakanin kogin Vaupés da Papurí.

## Rarraba
Akwai yare guda biyu: Vaupés Cacua da Macú-Paraná Cacua . Cacua yana da fahimtar juna tare da Nukak,  kuma Martins ya dauke shi yaren na ƙarshe (1999). Dubi wannan labarin don ƙarin rarrabuwa.

Sauran sunayen wannan yaren sun hada da: Bára, Cakua, Kákwa, Macu de Cubeo, Macu De Desano, Macude Guanano, Macú-Paraná, Wacara . 

## Fasahar sauti
Kakwa yana da sautuna shida: /a, e, i, ɨ, o, u/ . Sauti /o / yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin yaren Wacara, yayin da aka tabbatar da shi ga yaren Nuevo Pueblo. A cikin mahallin hanci kawai wasula biyar zasu iya faruwa.

Kakwa yana da ƙwayoyi goma sha bakwai:

Nasal a cikin Kakwa wani abu ne na prosodic na morpheme wanda ke shafar dukkan sassan a cikin kowane morpheme sai dai dakatarwar murya da glottalized palatal glide a matsayi na farko. Kowane morpheme ko dai gaba ɗaya hanci ne ko gaba ɗaya baki.

Kakwa yare ne na sauti kuma yana nuna sautuna uku masu banbanci: Rising (LH), falling] (HL), da low (L). 

## Harshen harshe
Harshen yana amfani da ma'anar-abu-kalma da kuma tsari na kalma-kalma-abu.

## Harsuna biyu da karatu da rubutu
Rahotanni da SIL ta tattara a 1982 sun bayyana cewa masu magana da yawa suna da yare ɗaya, musamman yara. Wani al'amari mai ban sha'awa shi ne cewa duk da cewa karatu da rubutu yana da ƙarancin ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa, ya fi girma a cikin yaren asalin ƙasar, a kusan 10%, idan aka kwatanta da 5% a cikin Mutanen Espanya, akasin yanayin yawancin yarukan asalin ƙasar Amurka. Cacua yana amfani da haruffa na Latin.

## Rubutun samfurin
*Ka yi amfani da shi a matsayin mai ba da labari*

## Manazarta

; Phonology da harshe
 

## Haɗin waje

* Colombian Languages Collection of Katherine Bolaños Quiñonez An adana shi 2019-01-29 a  a Archived of the indigenous Languages of Latin America. Ya ƙunshi rikodin ajiya 43 na sama da awa 1 na Kakwa da aka yi magana.
Harshen Jebero

Jebero (Chebero, Xebero, Xihuila) yare ne na Amazonian da ke mutuwa wanda mutanen Jebero na Jeberos, Peru ke magana. Ƙananan tsofaffi ne kawai ke magana da shi kuma yana cikin Iyalin Cahuapan tare da Chayahuita.

## Fasahar sauti

### Sautin sautin

*  ya bambanta tsakanin kusa da gaba ba a zagaye ba [i], kusa da kusa da gaba da ba a zagaya ba [i] da kusa da tsakiyar gaba da ba zagaye ba.[e][2]
*  ya bambanta tsakanin kusa da kusa da gaba da kusa da [ʊ] da kusa da tsakiyar baya mai rauni [oʹ], tare da fahimtar ƙarshen shine mafi yawanci.[2]
* Ya bambanta tsakanin tsakiyar kusa da gaba ba a zagaye ba da kuma kusa da tsakiyar tsakiyar ba a zagaya ba.[2] An fi guntu fiye da sauran wasula, musamman tsakanin ƙayyadaddun murya.[2] A wasu lokuta ana gane jerin a matsayin syllabic [n̩].[2]
** An fi guntu fiye da sauran wasula, musamman tsakanin ƙayyadaddun murya.[2]
** A wasu lokuta ana gane jerin a matsayin syllabic .[2]
*  ya bambanta tsakanin bude tsakiya ba a zagaye [ä] da kusa da budewa baya [æ̠].[2] Shafin wasali a cikin Valenzuela & Gussenhoven (2013) ya sanya  a cikin matsayi na tsakiya na kusa [ɐ]. 
** A cikin sassan da aka rufe,  ana gane shi azaman bude-tsakiya na tsakiya ba tare da zagaye ba. [2]

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

*  suna Bilabal, yayin da  shine Labialized velar.
*  wani africate ne, maimakon plosive.[3] Duk da haka an sanya shi a cikin teburin ta wannan hanyar don adana sarari.
*  sune laminal denti-alveolar  . [4] A cikin syllable coda, /n/ ana samun shi tare da tuntuɓar da ya fi girma, mafi yawa dentoalveolo-velar [n̪͡ŋ] .[4] Bayan /u, a/, sau da yawa ba a yin hulɗar denti-alveolar ba, wanda ke sa /n/ ya fi kama da hanci [ŋ] .[4] /ð/ na iya yin sauti a wasu lokuta kamar dai yana da ma'anar gefe, amma ba a taɓa gane shi a matsayin gefe ba.[2]
** A cikin syllable coda,  ana samun shi tare da tuntuɓar da ya fi girma, mafi yawa dentoalveolo-velar  .[4]
** Bayan , sau da yawa ba a yin hulɗar denti-alveolar ba, wanda ke sa  ya fi kama da hanci [ŋ] .[4]
**  na iya yin sauti a wasu lokuta kamar dai yana da ma'anar gefe, amma ba a taɓa gane shi a matsayin gefe ba.[2]
*  sune dentoalveolo-palatal  . [4] 
**  wani lokacin ana gane shi azaman rauni fricative [ʎ̪́] .[2]
*  yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin ma'anar tabbatarwa .[3]
*  an gane shi azaman flap [ɾ] a farkon syllable kuma azaman trill [r] a cikin syllable coda.[4]
* An yi amfani da shi a cikin ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa. Ta hanyar magana, ana gane shi azaman jerin .[4]

## Manazarta

## Bayanan littattafai
Julie Aagaard

**Julie Aagaard Poulsen** (an haife ta a ranar 30 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1992) tsohuwar 'yar wasan kwallon hannu ce ta kasar Denmark. Ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙasar Denmark waɗanda suka lashe gasar zakarun Turai ta mata U-19 ta 2011 a watan Agustan 2011 a Netherlands, a wasan karshe da aka yi da ƙungiyar gida a matsayin mai kunnawa ta biyu mafi ƙwarewa a cikin ƙungiyar da ta ci nasara.

A lokacin aikinta ta buga wasanni biyu na tawagar kasa, duka biyu a shekarar 2012.

## Ayyukan kulob din
Ta fara buga ƙwallon hannu ta ƙwararru tun tana da shekaru 15 kacal a Aalborg DH, inda ta buga gasar zakarun Turai. Lokacin da ta koma wani babban ɗan wasan ƙwallon hannu na Denmark, ta fara gajiya da wasan, wanda hakan ya sa ta koma SK Aarhus bayan shekara ɗaya kacal a Viborg. Ta yi shirin komawa ƙungiyar yara ta Aalborg DH, amma ƙungiyar ta yi fatara jim kaɗan kafin fara kakar wasa. Madadin haka ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar da Ringkøbing Håndbold yayin da take fara karatunta a matsayin mai ilimin motsa jiki, amma bayan watanni 4 kacal ta yanke shawarar yin hutu daga ƙwallon hannu saboda sake fara fuskantar gajiya.

Lokacin da ta gama karatunta a shekarar 2017 ta koma wasan kwallon hannu na farko a Silkeborg-Voel KFUM . 

Ta koma Aalborg a shekarar 2017, kuma a shekarar karshe ta aikinta a shekarar 2020 ta kasance daga cikin tawagar EH Aalborg wacce ba a ci nasara ba a cikin rukuni na 1 na Danish. 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Mark Baring, Baron Ashburton na 8

**Mark Francis Robert Baring, Baron Ashburton na 8** (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1958), wanda aka fi sani da Honourable Mark Baring daga 1991 zuwa 2020, ɗan kasuwa ne na Burtaniya kuma memba ne na Iyalin Baring .

## Tarihi da ilimi
Baring shine ɗa na biyu, kuma babban ɗa ga John Baring, Baron Ashburton na 7,  da matarsa ta farko, Susan Renwick,  'yar Robert Renwick, Baron Renwick na 1. Iyayensa sun sake aure a shekarar 1984. Ya gaje shi a matsayin Baron Ashburton bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa a ranar 6 ga Oktoba, 2020.  &#x5B; **

Lewis Harcourt, 1st Viscount Harcourt), da Mary Ethel Burns, jikokin Junius Spencer Morgan da 'yar'uwar babban jami'in banki na Amurka J. P. Morgan, kakanninsa ne ta hanyar kakanninsa, Doris, Baroness Ashburton (née Harcourt).

## Aure da yara
Baring ya auri Miranda Caroline Wright (an haife ta 1961) a ranar 29 ga Oktoba 1983.  Suna da 'ya'ya hudu: 

* Hon. Aurea Rose Baring (an haife ta a shekara ta 1988) 
* Hon. Frederick Charles Francis Baring (an haife shi a shekara ta 1990, magaji) 
* Hon. Patrick Robin John Baring (an haife shi a shekara ta 1995) 
* Hon. Flora Baring (an haife ta a shekara ta 1997) 

## Manazarta
Olivia Ahn

**Olivia Ahn** likita ce ta Burtaniya, wace ta kirkiro, **kuma ta samar da kuma**  kafa Fluus . Fluus yman kirkiro shi ne a farko a duniya cikin i tsabtace tsabtace ,wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin 2023. Ita ce ta lashe gasar 'yan kasuwa ta London da kuma shirin WE Innovate .

## Ilimi
Ahn studied medicine at the Imperial College London. She became angry at the feminine hygiene market and more concerned by environmental issues. &#x5B;**&#x5D; Frustrated by the impact of sanitary pads on the environment, she founded Planera during her final year of medical school. She competed in entrepreneurial competitions at Imperial College London, securing financial support, mentorship, and sponsors. Ahn has said that her biggest advice to budding entrepreneurs is to do consumer testing and validation: extensive in-house testing proved insufficient.

## Ruwa
Kowace rana, Turai tana aika da tan 535 na filastik mai tsabta zuwa wuraren zubar da shara ko masu ƙonewa. Ahn ya kirkiro wani tsabtace tsabta wanda za'a iya amfani dashi kuma a zubar da shi yadda ya kamata. An tabbatar da tsabtace muhalli, 100% biodegradable, kuma yana da tasirin muhalli iri ɗaya da takardar bayan gida. Ta sami matsayin "takardar shaidar flushable" ta hanyar aiki tare da Cibiyar Binciken Ruwa.

An ƙaddamar da pads a cikin 2023, kuma suna karɓar wahayi daga saman hydrophobic a cikin tsire-tsire don jagorantar ruwa zuwa cikin tsakiya mai tsami sosai. Kayan suna da tushe daga shuka, kuma sun haɗa da fiber na halitta, shingen biopolymer, da kuma mai haɗari, mai laushi na itace.

## Kyaututtuka da girmamawa

* 2017 Althea-Imperial Shirin Winner 
* 2018 Advanced Hackspace Grant 
* 2018 Magajin garin London Kasuwanci Gasar 

## manazarta
David Abrahams (mai kasuwanci)

David Martin Abrahams (Stroll) (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1944)   ɗan kasuwa ne na Birtaniya, mai ba da agaji kuma ɗan siyasa wanda tasirinsa ya haɗa da kasuwanci, diflomasiyya ta duniya, da sake fasalin zamantakewa. An san shi da goyon baya mai dorewa ga Jam'iyyar Labour,  Ibrahims ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara kokarin diflomasiyya na Track II a duk faɗin Gabas ta Tsakiya. 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haife shi a Newcastle a kan Tyne kuma ya girma a Whitley Bay, Ibrahims ya zauna a cikin iyali da ke cike da rayuwar siyasa da al'adu. Mahaifinsa, Bennie Abrahams, ya kasance wakilin Labour a Newcastle na tsawon shekaru 35 kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Lord Mayor. Mahaifiyarsa, Marion Marcelline Abrahams, ƙwararren ɗan wasan violin ne tare da ƙungiyar Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra  kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara na ma'aikata.

## Ayyukan siyasa
Ibrahims ya yi aiki a Majalisar Tyne da Wear County (1977-1983), tare da mai da hankali kan ci gaban tattalin arziki, da tsarawa da sufuri. Ya ci gaba da aiki a cikin Jam'iyyar Labour, inda ya zama mai goyon bayan New Labour, tare da Tony Blair. Ya yi aiki a Majalisar Zartarwa ta Yankin Arewa ta jam'iyyar kusan shekaru 25. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Yahudawa da kuma Darakta na Ayyukan Abokai na Isra'ila . 

Kowace rana, Turai tana aika da tan 535 na filastik mai tsabta zuwa wuraren zubar da shara ko masu ƙonewa. Ahn ya kirkiro wani tsabtace tsabta wanda za'a iya amfani dashi kuma a zubar da shi yadda ya kamata. An tabbatar da tsabtace muhalli, 100% biodegradable, kuma yana da tasirin muhalli iri ɗaya da takardar bayan gida. Ta sami matsayin "takardar shaidar flushable" ta hanyar aiki tare da Cibiyar Binciken Ruwa.

Lamarin, duk da wanke shi daga laifin, ya haifar da mummunan sakamako kuma ya nuna ikon lalata hasashe na kafofin watsa labarai wanda ba a haɗa shi da gaskiyar shari'a ba. Wannan shirin ya kuma nuna raunin da ke cikin tsarin jam'iyyar da kuma adana bayanai. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

== Haɗin diflomasiyya da addinai ==
Tare da gwagwarmayar siyasa, Ibrahims ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a diflomasiyyar Gabas ta Tsakiya. A matsayinsa na Mataimakin Shugaban kasa da Jakadan Duniya na Cibiyar Ayyuka ta Royal United (RUSI),  ya taimaka wajen kiran manyan tattaunawar yanki tsakanin Larabawa da [[Isra'ila]]. Gudummawar da ya bayar ga diflomasiyyar baya, musamman a lokacin tashin hankali, sun kasance sanannun basirarsu da inganci.

Ya yi tattaunawa da manyan jami'an [[Falasdinawa]], ciki har da wakilan [[Hamas]], membobin PLO da [[Fatah]], ciki har da [[Yasser Arafat]], kuma ya yi kira da a yi sassauci da tattaunawa a matsayin hanyoyin da za su kai ga mafita mai ɗorewa. Aikinsa ya taimaka wajen ƙalubalantar maganganun da ba su da tushe kuma ya ƙarfafa sake kimanta dabarun a cikin wasu sassan shugabannin Falasdinawa. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

## manazarta
Jenny Hansson

**Jenny Hansson**, an haife ta ne a ranar 26 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1980, tsohuwar 'yar wasan tseren kankara ce ta Sweden wacce ta yi gasa tsakanin shekara ta 2002 da 2013. Mafi kyawun wasan ta, shine gasar cin kofin duniya, a inda ta zo ta uku a cikin 4 × 5 km a Sweden a watan Nuwamba 2008. Hansson ya fi kyawonbwasan ta na mutum-daya, shine a inda ta zo a matsayin na 39 a cikin taron kilomita 10 a Switzerland a 2007. Ta lashe Birkebeinerrennet a shekara ta 2010, kuma a shekara ta 2011 ta lashe tseren mata a tseren tseren kankara na Vasaloppet .  A shekara ta 2011, ta lashe Tjejvasan . &nbsp;&nbsp;

Ta sanar da ritayar ta daga tseren kankara a ranar 31 ga Mayu 2013. 

## Sakamakon tseren kankara
Dukkanin sakamakon sun samo asali ne daga Ƙungiyar Ski ta Duniya (FIS) . 

## Gasar cin Kofin Duniya

#### Matsayin kakar wasa

* 1 podium - (1 ) 

## Manazarta
John Eversley

**John Walter Eversley**, MBE shi ne darektan kuma mataimakin shugaban Tyne and Wear Enterprise Trust Ltd. (ENTRUST), a Newcastle a kan Tyne . An nada shi MBE a cikin girmamawar ranar haihuwar 1992.  A shekara ta 2008, an ba shi lambar yabo ta Sarauniya don Inganta Kasuwanci - wanda kawai ya sami lambar yabo ta rayuwa a wannan shekarar.

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## manazarta
Edna Duge

**Edna Ella Duge** (an haife ta 8 ga Nuwamba, 1902, ta mutu a 25 ga Afrilu, 1985) malamar Amurka ce. Ta na dabalaka da  Cibiyar Ilimi ta Duniya kasancewar yawancin aikinta a cibiyar tayi, ta kasance a matsayin darektan Sashen Latin-Amurka a cikin shekarun 1940, kuma a matsayin darakta na Sashen Hulɗa na Kungiyar tsofaffin Dalibai na Makarantar a cikin shekarun 1960.

## Farkon Rayuwa da ilimi
Duge ta fito ne daga garin Greenwich, Connecticut, 'yar John L. Duge da Mary A. Gerold Duge . Mahaifinta masassaƙi ne; an haifi mahaifinta da kakanninta a Jamus. Ta kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Wellesley a shekarar 1925.  Ta sami digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Columbia a 1946, tare da rubutun da ake kira "José Vasconcelos: Nazarin Halinsa Ga Amurka".

## Aiki
Bayan kammala karatun ta daga kwaleji, Duge ta kasance sakatariya a Ma'aikatar Shige da Fice ta Duniya, kuma babbar sakatariya ta Cibiyar Mutanen Espanya a Amurka a Jami'ar Columbia.  Ta kasance sakatariyar Stephen P. Duggan, darektan Cibiyar Ilimi ta Duniya a 1928, lokacin da ta yi rangadin watanni biyu na kwalejojin Jamus; ta kasance darektan Sashen Latin-Amurka na cibiyar a cikin shekarun 1940. Ta yi tafiya a Kudancin Amurka na tsawon watanni uku a 1940, ta sadu da malamai da kuma inganta musayar ɗalibai tsakanin Amurka da ƙasashen Latin Amurka. A shekara ta 1946, ta kasance marubuciya a kan rahoton bincike na The Administration of Section Fourteen of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 in Game da Ma'aikata Masu Nakasa: Nazarin A cikin Ayyukan Gudanarwa. A shekara ta 1949, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin Amurkawa goma sha huɗu da aka ceto daga ambaliyar ruwa da laka a Guatemala.

Duge ta wakilci Cibiyar a kan yawon shakatawa a Texas da Oklahoma a cikin 1950. Ta yi sha'awar karfafa mata suyi la'akari da shirye-shiryen karatu a kasashen waje. A cikin shekarun 1960 ta kasance shugabar Sashen Dangantaka na Kungiyar tsofaffin Dalibai na Cibiyar, kuma ta gudanar da bincike kan karatun kwaleji-a kasashen waje tsakanin jami'an sabis na kasashen waje na Amurka.

## Rayuwar Sirri
Duge ta mutu a shekarar 1985, tana da shekaru 82, a garin Greenwich

## Manazarta
Richard George

**Richard George** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1982) shi ne mawaki na farko da ya lashe kyautar tsibirin Virgin Islands na Burtaniya .  Shi ne shugaban yanzu na Kwalejin Al'umma ta H. Lavity Stoutt  kuma editan kafa MOKO: Caribbean Arts & Letters .  An haife shi a Port of Spain, Trinidad, Georges ya girma kuma a halin yanzu yana zaune a tsibirin Virgin Islands na Burtaniya.

## Ilimi
Georges ya sami B.A. (Turanci) daga Jami'ar Kirista ta Texas, MA (Rubuce-rubuce na Kirkira) daga Jami'ar Aberystwyth, da Ph.D. (Rubucen Kirkira da Rubuce-Rubuce) daga Jami" daga Jami'arsa ta Sussex, inda ya buga rubutunsa "Charting the sea in Caribbean poetry: Kamau Brathwaite, Derek Walcott, Dionne Brand, Alphaeus Norman, Verna Penn Moll, da Richard Georges.

Georges ya ce yayin da yake karatu don digiri na BA, ya sami kansa "yana ƙauna da hotuna da rhyme kuma zai sami daidaituwa tsakanin marubuta kamar Walcott da Eliot tare da rappers kamar Nas da Eminem. "

## Rubuce-rubuce
Waƙoƙin Georges suna cikin sha'awar teku yayin da suke magana game da tarihin tashin hankali na Caribbean da abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan kamar Guguwar Irma da rikicin yanayi.

Make Us All Islands, littafin waka na farko na Georges (Shearsman Books, 2017) an sanya shi cikin jerin sunayen don Kyautar Felix Dennis don Mafi Kyawun Tarin Farko ta Kyautar Farko don Waƙoƙi.

A cikin 2018, tarin Georges na biyu, Giant (Platypus Press) ya sami yabo sosai daga Kyautar Forward kuma an jera shi don Kyautar OCM Bocas ta 2019 don Littattafan Caribbean.  A wannan shekarar, Georges ya gabatar da jawabin "Ikon shayari" don TEDx Tortola . 

A cikin 2020, Georges ya lashe rukunin shayari da kuma kyautar OCM Bocas gabaɗaya don wallafe-wallafen Caribbean tare da tarin sa na uku, *Epiphaneia* .   

## manazarta
Willy William

**Willy Fauade William** (an haife shi 27 Yuni 1981) ɗan Faransa ne, mai shirya rikodin kuma mai ba da rapper sananne ne ga remixes na kulob dinsa da haɗin gwiwar murya tare da masu fasahar kiɗa na rawa da yawa. Ya fi shahara da buga Faransanci "Ego" da Latin "Mi Gente", na ƙarshe tare da J Balvin .

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Willy Fauade William a ranar 27 ga Yuni 1981 a Fréjus, Var,  ga mahaifin Guadeloupean da mahaifiyar Habashawa daga Eritrea.  Ya girma ne a Sarthe" id="mwKQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Champagné, Sarthe">Champagne, wani gari a cikin sashen Sarthe .

## Ayyuka
William ya zama sananne a shekara ta 2003 tare da aikinsa tare da DJ Flex a cikin filin rawa ya buga "B Boyz Shake da Body" kuma a shekara ta 2004 a matsayin mai gabatarwa na "Tragedie" ta amfani da sunan "Lord William". Daga baya ya shiga ƙungiyar kiɗa ta Faransa Collectif Métissé,  kuma ya ci gaba da samar da kayan kansa.

Ya yi aiki tare da masu fasaha da yawa da ke samar da waƙoƙin su kuma suna shiga cikin murya a matsayin masu fasaha. Ya zana tare da waƙoƙin haɗin gwiwa tare da DJ Assad tare da "Li tourner", Les Jumo tare da "C Show" da "L'Italienne", kuma tare da Keen'V a cikin "On s'endort?", Ridsa a cikin "Je n'ai pas eu le temps" wanda kuma ya ƙunshi Ryan Stevenson a kan drum da sauransu da yawa.

A cikin 2016, William ya sami babban bugawa na Faransanci tare da "Ego" wanda ya samar kuma ya raira shi da kansa. Ita ce babbar waƙa daga kundin sa na 2016 Une seule vie da kuma babbar hanyar Faransanci a matsayin mai zane-zane. "Ego" an tsara shi a Faransa, Italiya, Jamus, Belgium da Poland da sauransu da yawa.

A cikin 2017, ya zama sanannen duniya bayan da aka saki "Mi Gente" haɗin gwiwa tare da babban ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Colombia J Balvin . Babban nasarar kasa da kasa na waƙar ta haifar da sigar da ta hada da Beyonce a cikin sabon remix. Waƙar ta sami lambar yabo ta Latin Billboard Music Award kuma bidiyon kiɗa ya tara ra'ayoyi sama da biliyan 2 kuma ya sami lambar yabo na MTV Video Music Award a cikin 2018 don Mafi kyawun Bidiyo na Latin, ya ci gaba da # 1 Spotify Global na makonni 12 a jere, yayin da yake kan sigogi a duk faɗin duniya a matsayin # 1 a cikin ƙasashe da yawa.

A cikin 2018, William ya samar kuma ya fitar da waƙar Jason Derulo and David Guetta song)">Kawai da ake kira "La La La" kuma ya bayyana a kan "Goodbye", waƙar David Guetta da Jason Derulo wacce ta ƙunshi William da Nicki Minaj .

## manazarta
Amaryllis Collymore

**Amaryllis Collymore** (c. 1745-1828) ta kasance bawa ce ta Afro-Barbadian wacce ta sami 'yancinta daga dangantakarta da wani fari. Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya goma sha ɗaya kuma ta sami nasarar gudanar da gonar da ta ba ta damar samun wasu kadarori da yawa, don zama mace baƙar fata mafi arziki a cikin mulkin mallaka a lokacin mutuwarta.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Amaryllis Renn Phillips cikin bauta a shekarar 1745 [ Bayani na 1 ] a Barbados, a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya  inda bayanai suka nuna cewa ita mulatto ce.   Robert Collymore ne ya saye ta a shekarar 1780, daga Rebecca Phillips, mai sayar da otal mai launi kyauta,   tare da 'ya'yanta mulatto guda biyar,  huɗu daga cikinsu 'ya'yan Robert ne.  A shekarar 1784, Robert ya shirya sayar da su ta hanyar sayar da ita da 'ya'yan ga wani abokinsa, James Scuffield.   Sayar da bawa ga wani amintaccen ɓangare na uku don guje wa yawan kuɗin ma'aikata abu ne da aka saba yi a lokacin Barbados. 

Robert ya sami Lightfoots, gonar sukari mai girman kadada 42 tare da bayinsa 44, don samar da ita da yara. Collymore ta fadada dukiyar zuwa sama da kadada ɗari  kuma ta sami damar siyan kadarori bakwai a duk fadin Bridgetown, a kan Canary Street, High Street da James Street, wanda ta hayar.   Ta kuma gudanar da shagon da ya yi nasara. A shekara ta 1805, Collymore ta mallaki wani dukiya, a kan titin Roebuck, wanda ta sayar da shi don £ 800. Ita da 'yarta, Katherine Anne Collymore, sun kasance masu karɓar gado daga Renn Phillips a cikin wasiƙarsa ta 1809. 

A shekara ta 1824, lokacin da Robert ya mutu, ya bar ita da 'ya'yanta goma sha ɗaya, cikakken suna ga Lightfoots da bayi da ke aiki a gonar. Daga cikin 'ya'yanta, ban da Katherine akwai Frances Lasley, Margaret Jane, da Robert (an yi musu baftisma a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu 1792),  Thomazin Ashby (an yi masa baftisma 6 ga Yuni 1795),  Elizabeth Clarke (an yi mata baftisma 13 ga Yuni 1798),  Samuel Francis Collymore, Jackson Brown Collymore [3] da Renn Phillips Collymore , wanda zai zama babban kakan Frank Collymore. Willin Collymore, wanda aka rubuta a shekara ta 1826  (ko 1829 amma wanda mai yiwuwa shine ranar da aka gwada dukiyar),  ya bar dukiyarta, wanda ya kai sama da £ 10,000 ga dangi. Ta kirkiro gida a Bridgetown da gonar da aka sani da Haggat Hall, da bayi 67, da azurfa da dukiyar mutum. A lokacin mutuwarta ita ce "mace mafi arziki mai 'yanci a cikin Barbados kafin' yanci".

## Mutuwa da gado
Collymore ta mutu a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 1828 kuma an binne ta a farfajiyar cocin St. Mary da ke Bridgetown .   Gidan da Collymore da 'ya'yanta suka zauna a yanzu shine ginin Morningside, kuma yana dauke da Sashen Fasaha na Kwalejin Al'umma ta Barbados . 

## Manazarta
Nancy Clarke (dattijai)

**Nancy Clarke** (ta mutu a shekara ta 1812) ta kasance mai otal din Barbadian kuma mace mai launi mai 'yanci wacce aka sani da ci gaba da nasarar Otal din Royal Naval . A cewar Farfesa Pedro Welch na Jami'ar West Indies, tarihin Clarke yana nuna ƙwarewar matan Barbadian masu launi da aka yi amfani da su a karni na 19 don samun 'yanci daga bautar kansu da sauransu.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Clarke ta ɗauki nauyin gudanar da Otal din Royal Naval a shekara ta 1791, bayan mutuwar Rachael Pringle Polgreen .  Otal din ya zama daya daga cikin shahararrun a Bridgetown, babban birnin Barbados, a karkashin kulawar Clarke,  kodayake an san ta da fushinta. Wata sananniyar waka ta lokacin ta kama kishi, wanda ya haifar da Clarke ta jefa acid a fuskar wata mace. Masu aikin jirgin ruwa da sojoji suna yawan zuwa otal ɗin kuma, bayan jirgi da masauki, ya ba da mata don ayyukan gida ko jima'i. Maimakon yin aiki ne kawai da sojoji, an san Clarke da bukukuwanta wanda ya haɗa da manyan jami'ai, da kuma manyan mutane, gami da Gwamnan Barbados, Lord Seaforth . 

Bayan gudanar da otal ɗin na tsawon shekaru goma, Clarke ta koma London, ta bar kasuwancin ga Charlotte Barrow (wanda aka fi sani da Carolyn Barrow), wanda ke gudanar da shi har zuwa 1821,[Notes 1] lokacin da kasuwancin ya ɓace a cikin wuta. Bayan Clarke ta sayar da otal ɗin kuma ta koma London, ta zauna a Duke Street, St James's. Ta saki wani bawa mai suna "Scipio" a can a cikin 1810.

Duk da yake ba a san dalilin da ya sa ta fara ƙaura zuwa Ingila ba, lokacin da ta mutu a 1812, masu aiwatar da ita sun gabatar da takardu don tabbatar da cewa dukiyarta ba ta ƙarƙashin cin hanci da Kashewa ga jihar. Babban lauyan ya yanke hukuncin cewa ya ga takardun da ta yi kuma ya kammala cewa babu wani dalili na doka don kwace dukiyarta. Yawancin dukiyarta an bar ta ga 'yarta Georgiana Brown. Kamar yadda ta roƙe, an tura bawanta "Satira", ga James West, likitan tiyata daga Liverpool, wanda ya bi umarnin Clarke ya saki Satira.

## manazarta
Richard Chaffers

**Richard Chaffers** (1731 - 8 Disamba 1765)   ya kasance mai yin tukwane a Liverpool, Ingila.

## Rayuwa
Chaffers, ɗan jirgin ruwa a Liverpool, ya fara kasuwanci a Shaw's Brow a cikin 1752. Ya samar da yumbu mai launin shudi da fari, galibi don fitarwa zuwa yankunan Amurka.

A shekara ta 1755 Robert Podmore, wani masassaƙi daga masana'antar porcelain a Worcester, ya nuna masa da abokin kasuwancinsa Philip Christian yadda za a yi porcelain ta amfani da sabulu, wanda aka gano a Mullion Cove a Cornwall; Chaffers daga baya ya zama abokin hamayya ga Josiah Wedgwood .  Yawancin sassa daga masana'antar sun canja wurin bugawa ta John Sadler.

Chaffers ya mutu a shekara ta 1765, kuma an binne shi a Cocin Our Lady da Saint Nicholas, Liverpool .  Philip Christian ya ci gaba da kasuwanci har zuwa 1778, ciniki a matsayin Philip Christian & Co, kuma daga baya a matsayin Philip Kirista da Ɗa.

## Manazarta
Harshen Ipai

Ipai, wanda aka fi sani da 'Iipai ko Arewacin Diegueño, yare ne na 'yan asalin Amurka da mutanen Kumeyaay na tsakiyar San Diego County, California ke magana. Farfesa Leanne Hinton ya ba da shawarar kimantawa mai ra'ayin mazan jiya na masu magana da harshen Ipai 25 da suka tsira.

**Ipai**, also known as **'Iipai** or **Northern Diegueño**, is the Native American language spoken by the Kumeyaay people of central San Diego County, California. Professor Leanne Hinton suggested a conservative estimate of 25 surviving Ipai speakers.

Ipai na cikin dangin yaren Yuman da kuma reshen Delta-California na wannan iyali. Ipai da maƙwabtanta a kudu, Kumeyaay da Tipai, galibi ana ɗaukar su a matsayin yaruka na yaren Diegueño guda ɗaya, amma yarjejeniyar yanzu tsakanin masu ilimin harshe suna da alama cewa aƙalla harsuna uku daban-daban suna cikin jerin yaren (misali, Langdon 1990). Abin rikitarwa, ana amfani da Kumeyaay a matsayin alama ga harshen tsakiya a cikin wannan iyali da kuma mutanen Ipai-Kumeyaay-Tipai gaba ɗaya.

Takardun da aka buga don yaren Ipai sun haɗa da nassoshi da koyarwa, ƙamus, da matani da yawa (cf. Mithun 1999:578).

Babu daidaitattun orthography don Ipai, kuma ana mai da hankali kan furta maimakon bayanin kula. 

## Takardun
Ana ci gaba da yunkurin farfado da harshe ga Santa Ysabel Iipaay Aa. Ana samun darussan ta hanyar Kwalejin Al'umma ta Kumeyaay tare da Kwalejin Jama'a ta Cuyamaca .  Har ila yau, akwai shirin nutsewar harshe.

## Bayani

## Manazarta

* Couro, Ted da Christina Hutcheson. 1973. Dictionary of Mesa Grande Diegueño; 'Iipay Aa-Turanci/Turanci-'IipayAa, Malki Museum Press, California.
* [Hotuna a shafi na 9] 1975. *Bari muyi magana 'Iipay Aa: Gabatarwa ga harshen Mesa Grande Diegueño*, Malki Museum Press, California.
* Hinton, Leanne. 1994. *Flutes of Fire: Essays on California Indian Languages* . Littattafan Heyday, Berkeley, California.
* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] 1970. *A Grammar of Diegueño: The Mesa Grande Dialect .* Jami'ar California Press, Berkeley, California.
* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] 1990. "Diegueño: harsuna nawa ne?" A cikin Ayyukan Hokan-Penutian Languages Workshop na 1990, wanda James E. Redden ya shirya, shafuffuka 184-190. Jami'ar Kudancin Illinois, Carbondale .&nbsp;
* Mithun, Marianne 1999. *Harsunan 'yan asalin Arewacin Amurka*. Jami'ar Cambridge Press.

## Haɗin waje

* Misali na asali na Mesa Grande Ipai a cikin Global Lexicostatistical Database
* 'Iipay Aa darussan da ƙamus
Cibiyar Arewa don Fasaha ta zamani

**Cibiyar Fasaha ta Arewa** ( **NCCA** ), wacce a da ake kira **Cibiyar Fasaha ta 24HR, NT, wani gidan tarihi ne na** fasaha a Darwin, Arewacin Territory, Ostiraliya.

An kafa gidan adana kayan tarihi a wani tsohon gidan mai a shekarar 1989, wanda ya haifar da sunan "Aikin 24HR". Mai zane Suzanne Spunner memba ce a kwamitin farko da kwamitin shirye-shirye, kuma ta rubuta bita da shirye-shirye don baje kolin da kuma ƙirƙirar ayyuka don baje kolin a can. A shekarar 1990, gidan adana kayan tarihi ya koma na yanzu (   ) wurin da ke ginin Parap Cinema, a cikin Parap Siyayya Village  a Vimy Lane,  Parap, wani yanki na tsakiyar birnin Darwin.

NCCA ita ce kawai gidan tarihi mai zaman kansa na jama'a a Yankin Arewa da aka keɓe gaba ɗaya ga fasahar zamani. Tana nuna fasahar zamani ta 'yan asalin ƙasar da kuma fasahar zamani da masu fasaha waɗanda ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba, kuma tana gudanar da baje kolin shekara-shekara da shirin jama'a wanda ke taimakawa wajen tallafawa masu fasaha da sauran shirye-shiryen al'adu a Darwin.[1]

## Manazarta
Amalia Lindegren

**Amalia Euphrosyne Lindegren** (an haife ta a Ranar 22 ga Mayu 1814, kuma ta rasu a Ranar  27 ga Disamba 1891) ta kasance mai zane-zane da kuma mai fenti na kasar  Sweden. Kuma ta kasance memba ta Makarantar Royal Swedish Academy of Arts (1856).

## Tarihin rayuwa

An haifi Amalia Lindegren a Stockholm a ranar 22 ga Mayu 1814  ga Anna Catharina Ekström (d. 1817), wacce daga baya ta ɗauki sunan Lindgren a matsayin mahaifin yarinyar ta, wato Amalia Lindegren, a lokacin da ta auri mai kula da Anders Lindgren. Bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarta, matar attajirin da mijinta ya rasu wanda ake zargin mahaifinta ne,  mai martaba Benjamin Sandels ne ya karbe ta.[1] Matsayinta na yarinya a wulakancie a matsayin wani nau'i na sadaka ga manyan attajirai. Wanda wannan ya kasance  a cikin aikinta na baya, wato zane-zane na 'yan Yara mata masu Damuwa, an yi imanin cewa wannan zancen Yara mata masu damuwa ya samo asali ne daga kuruciyarta.Baiwar ta, ta bayyana ne a farkon Fari, ya yin da take yin zane-zane da sayar da zancen kamar Maria Röhl: ta fara zane-zanen da mai a shekarar 1839, a inda ta zama ɗalibar Sofia Adlersparre a shekarar 1842, kuma ta shiga baja-kolin Zane-zanen ta, na  farko a shekara mai zuwa.

A cikin shekarar 1846, mai zane-zane da malamin fasaha Carl Gustaf Qvarnström (1810-1867) ya lura da zane-zanenta, wanda ya burge shi kuma, ta hanyar alakarsa ya sanya ta ɗaya daga cikin mata huɗu da aka karɓa a matsayin ɗalibai a Makarantar Royal Swedish Academy of Arts a 1849,  sauran uku sune Lea Ahlborn, Agnes Börjesson da Jeanette Möller.  A lokacin mata na iya karatu ne kawai a makarantar ta hanyar rarraba, a matsayin daliban mata inda ba a yarda da su don karatu a irin wannan sharuddan da daliban maza a Kwalejin ba kafin 1864.  A shekara ta 1850, ta zama daliba mace ta farko da makarantar ta ba ta tallafin karatu domin tayi karatun fasaha a birnin Paris. A Paris, ta kasance ɗalibar Léon Cogniet sannan Ange Tissier; a cikin 1854, ta yi karatu a Alte Pinakothek a Münich, a cikin shekarar 1854-55 a Roma, kuma ta shiga Baja-kolin Zane-zanen na Duniya da akayi a Paris a cikin shekarar 1856 kafin ta koma Sweden a cikin shekarar 1856.  Ta sake ziyartar Paris a shekara ta 1859.

Lindegren ta yi hulɗa da sanannun mabiya al'adu na zamanin kamar Fredrika Bremer, Olof Eneroth, Wendela Hebbe da Sophie Adlersparre, amma an bayyana ta a matsayin mai yawan shiru da tawali'u wadda bata taɓa yin aure ba, rashin masoya ko magana da yawa a lokuta na taro na zamantakewa, wanda: "tayi ritaya ba tare da wani rikici ba ".

Ta mutu a kasar Stockholm a Ranar 27 December 1891, tana da shekaru 77.

## Manazarta
Harshen Iñapari

Iñapari yare ne na asalin Kudancin Amurka wanda ke cikin haɗari wanda mutane huɗu kawai ke magana a Peru tare da kogin Las Piedras kusa da bakin kogin Sabaluyoq. Harshen ya riga ya ƙare a makwabciyar Bolivia. Dukkanin masu magana guda biyar da suka rage suna da harsuna biyu a cikin Mutanen Espanya kuma babu wani daga cikin 'ya'yansu da jikoki da ke magana da yaren, wanda zai iya haifar da halaka da zarar masu magana sun mutu. Harshen Iñapari a halin yanzu yana da ƙamus da aka buga.[1]

Yaren Pacaguara (Pacahuara) da Mercier ya bayyana aƙalla ya bambanta da kabilanci.  (Amma duba Harshen Pacaguara.) 

## Fasahar sauti
A cewar Parker, Iñapari yana da ƙamus goma sha ɗaya da wasula shida.

Matsayin gefen a matsayin phoneme ana ɗaukarsa mai shakka kamar yadda [l] yake samuwa a cikin 'yan kalmomi kuma yana iya zama bambancin sauti na /r/.

Wasula shida na Iñapari sune /i e a ï o u/, inda /ï/ sautin baya ne wanda ba a zagaye ba.

## Harshen harshe

### Sunaye
Abubuwa guda biyu da ke da alaƙa da sunayen sune jinsi da mallaka.

An raba sunaye zuwa jinsi biyu: namiji da mace. Sunayen rayayyu na iya ɗaukar jinsi mai tsaka-tsaki lokacin da ainihin jinsi ba shi da mahimmanci ga furcin.

Ana nuna mallaka ta hanyar prefixes kuma yana bin dabarun asali / wanda ba na asali ba.

### Siffa
Ba a san ko Iñapari yana da nau'i na adjectives ba. Adjectives sun yarda da jinsi tare da kawuna masu suna kuma koyaushe suna bin su.

### Lambobin
An tabbatar da lambobi 20 kawai da lambobi 2 na yau da kullun. Bayanan da ke akwai sun nuna cewa tsarin lambobi yana samun lambobi masu mahimmanci daga sassan jiki.

### Kalmomin
Kalmomin sun yarda da batutuwa da abubuwa ta hanyar prefixes da suffixes, bi da bi. Suffixes kuma suna nuna dalilin da ba na son rai ba.

## Bayani

## Haɗin waje

* Taswirar harshe na Ethnologue, Iñapari yana da lambar bayani 40
Stella Maris, Darwin

**Stella Maris** wani wuri ne na tarihi da ke kan titin McMinn a Darwin, Arewacin Territory, Ostiraliya.

## Tarihi

Wurin Stella Maris yana kan titin McMinn a Darwin kuma ya ƙunshi manyan gine-gine guda uku.

An gina ginin mafi tsufa a shekarun 1930 ta hanyar Kamfanin Jiragen Ƙasa na Commonwealth. Duk da cewa ba a san ainihin ranar da aka gina shi ba, taswirar tsakiyar Darwin ta shekarar 1936 ta nuna gine-gine biyu da ke kusa da su waɗanda aka yiwa alama da 'Jirgin Ƙasa na Commonwealth'. Ginin da ya rage a wurin yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan. Ana tsammanin an rushe ɗayan a farkon shekarun 1940. Ana iya nuna ginin a cikin hoton da aka ɗauka a shekarar 1936, mai taken "tsohon gidan jirgin ƙasa da ke kan hanyar zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa" kodayake ba a tabbatar da cewa ginin ɗaya ne ba. Gaskiyar cewa an kwatanta ginin da 'tsoho' a shekarar 1936 yana nuna yiwuwar an gina shi tun da daɗewa.

Bayan rufe layin dogo na Arewacin Ostiraliya a shekarar 1976, an sayar da shi ko kuma an rushe shi da yawa daga cikin gine-ginensa. Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Kasa ta Ostiraliya ta mika wurin ga Majalisar Birnin Darwin. Daga nan aka ba da hayarsa ga ƙungiyar Roman Katolika Stella Maris a shekarar 1979 don a yi amfani da shi a matsayin kulob mai lasisi.

## Takaddama
Gidan yanar gizon, wanda darajarsa ta kai kimanin dala miliyan 3, gwamnatin yankin Arewa ta ba da hayar ba tare da haya ba ga Unions NT a ranar 2 ga Agusta 2012. Wannan ya faru ne kwana ɗaya kafin ranar da tsohuwar gwamnatin Labour ta shiga tsarin riƙon ƙwarya kafin zaɓen 2012. A watan Disamba na 2013, tsohon Ministan Filayen Yankin Arewa Gerry McCarthy ya yi iƙirarin cewa "babu wata kyakkyawar dama ta samun wata ƙungiya da ta shirya sadaukar da lokaci da albarkatu don dawo da Stella Maris rayuwa. Unions NT ita ce kaɗai ƙungiyar da ta nuna sha'awarta ga dabi'un gado na wurin."[1] Daga baya an bayyana cewa wasu ƙungiyoyi da dama sun nuna sha'awar wurin, ciki har da National Trust of Australia.[1]

## Manazarta
G ga George

**G na George** wani jirgin sama ne mai saukar ungulu na Avro Lancaster Mk. I, lambar rundunonin sojoji AR-G da lambar serial *W4783*, wanda rundunar sojoji mai lamba 460 RAAF ke gudanarwa a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. Yanzu haka ana adana shi a wurin tunawa da Yaƙin Australiya (AWM), Canberra, Ostiraliya.

## Tarihi
G-George ya tashi da jiragen sama 90 [1] [2] a kan Turai da aka mamaye tare da rundunar sojoji 460, kuma shi ne na biyu mafi yawan jiragen Lancaster da suka tsira, bayan R5868 S don Sugar na rundunar sojoji mai lamba 83 RAF / Lamba 463 Squadron RAAF / Lamba 467 Squadron RAAF (nau'in jiragen sama 137). Yawancin jiragen Lancaster da ke aiki an harbo su kafin su kai nau'in jiragen sama 20: daga cikin jiragen sama 107,085 da Lancasters ta aika a hare-haren bam a kan Jamus, jiragen sama 2,687 sun ɓace.[3] G-George yana da ƙarin fifiko na dawo da duk ma'aikacin jirgin da ya tashi a cikinsa gida, da rai.

Bayan ya yi ritaya daga aikin yaƙi a shekarar 1944, rundunar sojojin saman Bomber Command ta ɗauki G-George zuwa Ostiraliya, kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ƙara haɗin gwiwa a lokacin da ya yi tafiya zuwa Ostiraliya don tallata jama'a. Bayan yaƙin, an bar shi ya lalace a sararin samaniya a sansanin sojojin saman RAAF, kafin a mayar da shi AWM a farkon shekarun 1950.

## Manazarta
Harshe na Huamelultec

Huamelultec (wanda aka fi sani da Huamelula Oaxaca#Chontal" id="mwDQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Indigenous people of Oaxaca">Chontal, Lowland Oaxaca Chontal, ko Chontal de la Costa de Oaxaca) yana ɗaya daga cikin yarukan Chontal na Oaxaca, Mexico . Ana magana da shi a cikin garuruwan Oaxacan na San Pedro Huamelula (ƙauyuka na Barra de la Cruz, El Bejuco, El Coyul, El Gavilán, El Limón, El Porvenir, Guayacán, Los Cocos, Maximino Cruz (Rancho Maximino Cruz), Morro Ayuta, Paja Blanca, Río Papaya, Río Seco, San Isidro Chacalapa, San Pedro Huyulula, Santa María Huvilán, da Tapanala), Santiago Astata (ƙau, La Cotto, La La La La Torraccion, La Torto, La Torracción, San San San Santo, San Santo (Majata, San San Torto, San Torto; Tor Tor Tor Torto, Tor Tor Torrac).[1] An yi kuskuren rubutun sunan Tlamelula .
## Fasahar sauti

### Sautin sautin

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

*  ana furta shi a kai a kai a matsayin  lokacin da yake cikin matsayi na coda, sai dai idan an bi shi da ma'anar alveolar.
* An kuma ce ana kiran sautunan  a matsayin affricates [pːʼ], [tɬʼ].

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin kalmomin Huamelultec a kan Wikipedia na Mutanen Espanya

## Manazarta
Ta ci gaba da tafiya

Ella sigue de viaje (Ta yi tafiya) littafi ne na biyu da marubucin Mexico Luis Felipe Lomelí ya buga, wanda aka buga a shekara ta 2005. An fi saninsa da gajeren labarin buɗewa mai suna El emigrante (The Emigrant), labarin almara wanda ya ƙunshi kalmomi huɗu kawai "¿Olvida usted algo? -¡Ojalá! " ("Muna manta da wani abu? -Idan kawai!").

## Jigogi
Littafin ya buɗe tare da El emigrante, ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun kuma ana yawan ambaton su na microfictions.[1] An dauke shi mafi ƙanƙanta labarin a cikin harshen Mutanen Espanya.[2] Ana iya ganin labarin a matsayin taƙaitaccen jin daɗin haruffa a cikin sauran labaru goma sha biyu a cikin littafin, ko sun bar ƙauna, kaɗaici ko tashin hankali.[3] Batun waɗannan labarun sun fito ne daga gamuwa da soyayya zuwa zina, tare da masoya da ke neman fadada jima'i a cikin gamuwa na bazuwar, zuwa dangantaka da rashin bege da tashin hankali, kamar wani jami'in 'yan sanda da ya buge matarsa da zalunci bayan ya murkushe zanga-zangar adawa da mulkin kama-karya na Chile, mahaifiyar da ke cin zarafin ɗanta da sauransu.[4] An saita labarun a wurare da yawa daga Birnin New York zuwa Valparaíso . [4] Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman jigogi na littafin shine cewa al'umma mai tashin hankali tana rufe rayuwarmu ta soyayya.[4]￼

## Karɓar baƙi
An karɓi littafin da kyau. Baya ga sha'awar da El emigrante ya tayar, labarin El cielo de Neuquén (The Neuquén Sky) ya lashe kyautar *Edmundo Valadés* Latin American Short Story Prize .  Baya ga sanarwa, kyautar *Edmundo Valadés* ta kai dala 50,000 da tafiya zuwa birnin Puebla. Littafin ya lashe lambar yabo ta San Luis Potosí ta kasa. El Emigrante ya yi wahayi zuwa ga aikin shigarwa *Shin kun manta da wani abu? * *- Da fatan!* ta hanyar mai zane Susana Rodríguez, wanda ke bincika dialectic tsakanin gini da lalacewa a matsayin abin da ya faru wanda ke taimaka mana mu fahimci da karɓar canjin rayuwa kamar yadda ba za a iya gujewa ba. Da yake tattauna taken, mai zane ya lura cewa kalmomi huɗu a cikin labarin Lomelí sun haifar da ra'ayoyi da yawa, gami da waɗanda ke kan batutuwan da ba za ku yi tunani ba. Labarin cikakkiyar taken ne ga aikin, tunda daya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke cikin juyin halitta shine ilmantarwa, wanda ya dogara da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.

## Manazarta