Uta Frith

**Dame Uta Frith** (née **Aurnhammer**; an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Mayu 1941 ) masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam ne na Jamusanci da Burtaniya kuma farfesa ne mai daraja a ci gaban fahimta a Cibiyar Nazarin Neuroscience a Kwalejin Jami'ar London (UCL). Ta jagoranci yawancin bincike na yanzu game da autism    da dyslexia. Littafinta Autism: Explaining the Enigma   ya gabatar da ilimin kimiyyar kwakwalwa na autism. An yaba mata da ƙirƙirar Gwajin Sally-Anne tare da 'yan uwanta masana kimiyya Alan Leslie da Simon Baron-Cohen .   Daga cikin daliban da ta jagoranci sune Tony Attwood, Maggie Snowling, Simon Baron-Cohen da Francesca Happé .

## Ilimi
An haifi Uta Aurnhammer a Rockenhausen, wani karamin gari a cikin tsaunuka tsakanin Luxembourg da Mannheim a Jamus. Ta halarci Jami'ar Saarland da ke Saarbrücken tare da shirin farko na iliminta na kasancewa a tarihin fasaha, amma ta canza zuwa ilimin halayyar gwaji bayan ta koyi game da yanayin ta. An yi wahayi zuwa gare ta ta ta hanyar aikin masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam, Hans Eysenck (wanda ya fallasa psychoanalysis)  kuma ya yanke shawarar horar da ilimin halayya na asibiti a Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya a London.  Yayinda take a makarantar, Jack Rachman ne ya koya mata,  daya daga cikin masu gabatarwa na maganin halayyar. Ta ci gaba da kammala Dokta na Falsafa, a kan gano tsari a cikin yara masu cutar autistic, a cikin 1968.    

Neil O'Connor da Beate Hermelin ne suka jagoranci Frith, a lokacin da ta fara aiki, kuma ta bayyana su a matsayin majagaba a fagen autism.

## Bincike
Binciken Frith ya shirya hanya don ganewar ka'idar raunin hankali a cikin autism. A shekara ta 1985, yayin da take memba na Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya (MRC-CDU) a Landan, ta buga tare da Alan M. Leslie da Simon Baron-Cohen labarin "Shin yaron mai cutar autism yana da 'ka'idar tunani'?",  wanda ya ba da shawarar cewa mutanen da ke fama da cutar autism suna da takamaiman matsaloli wajen fahimtar imani wasu mutane da sha'awa. Wannan takarda ta yi amfani da aikin imani na ƙarya wanda Joseph Perner ya kirkira a 1983. Frith, da abokan aikinta, sun kirkiro ra'ayoyi biyu na autism. Na farko shine "rashin tunani",  rashin ikon bin diddigin yanayin tunanin wasu tare da tushe a cikin kwakwalwa.  Na biyu shine "raunin tsakiya na tsakiya"  wanda ta ba da shawarar cewa mutanen da ke fama da autism sun fi mutanen da ke da ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin bayanai, amma mafi muni a haɗa bayanai daga tushe daban-daban. Frith na ɗaya daga cikin masana kimiyyar kwakwalwa na farko da suka gane autism "a matsayin yanayin kwakwalwa maimakon sakamakon iyaye masu sanyi".

Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mutane na farko a Burtaniya don nazarin cutar Asperger,  a MRC-CDU London . Ayyukanta sun kuma mayar da hankali kan ci gaban karatu, rubutun kalmomi da dyslexia. Frith ya kai farmaki ga ka'idar cewa dyslexia tana da alaƙa da rashin hankali  ko kuma ta haifar da raunin motsi.  A cikin littafinta game da rubutun kalmomi,  ta nuna cewa wasu mutane na iya zama cikakkun masu karatu, amma masu rubutun kalmomi marasa kyau, ƙungiyar dyslexics da ba a san su ba.  Binciken da ta yi, tare da na Maggie Snowling, ya nuna cewa mutanen da ke fama da dyslexia suna fama da sarrafa sauti. A cikin 1995 Frith, Paulesu, Snowling da abokan aiki sun gudanar da ɗaya daga cikin binciken hotunan kwakwalwa na farko tare da manya masu dyslexic suna nuna cewa, yayin kammala ayyukan da ke buƙatar sarrafa sauti, mutanen da ke fama da dyslexia suna nuna rashin haɗin aiki a cikin hanyar sadarwar harshe na kwakwalwa.

An goyi bayan Frith a duk lokacin da ta yi aiki ta hanyar Cibiyar Binciken Kiwon Lafiya a Kwalejin Jami'ar London. Ta kasance mai haɗin gwiwa a Cibiyar Interacting Minds  a Jami'ar Aarhus da ke Denmark . Manufar cibiyar ita ce samar da dandamali na horo, wanda za'a iya nazarin fannoni da yawa na hulɗar ɗan adam. Aikin ya dogara ne a wani bangare a kan takarda da aka rubuta tare da Chris Frith: "Interacting Minds - a Biological Basis".

Daga cikin daliban da ta jagoranci sune Tony Attwood,  Maggie Snowling,  Simon Baron-Cohen  da Francesca Happé  .

## Taimako mata a kimiyya
Frith ta karfafa ci gaban mata a kimiyya, a wani bangare ta hanyar bunkasa cibiyar sadarwar tallafi da ake kira Science & Shopping, [1] wanda take fatan zai "karfafa mata su raba ra'ayoyi da bayanai da ke motsawa da nishaɗi". [2] Ta kuma kafa cibiyar sadarutar mata ta UCL, "cibiyar sadarwar jama'a da zamantakewa ga ma'aikatan ilimi (postdocs da sama) a STEM a UCL", a watan Janairun 2013.[3][4] A shekara ta 2015 an nada ta shugabar Kwamitin Bambancin Royal Society, a lokacin da ta rubuta game da nuna bambanci da kuma yadda yake shafar abin da masana kimiyya ke karɓar tallafi. [5][6]

## A cikin kafofin watsa labarai
A ranar 11 ga Mayu 2012 Frith ya bayyana a matsayin baƙo a cikin shirin hira na talabijin na PBS *Charlie Rose* na Amurka. A ranar 4 ga watan Disamba ta bayyana a matsayin baƙo a cikin shirin "Brain" na BBC Two's Dara Ó Briain's Science Club . 

A ranar 1 ga Maris 2013, ta kasance baƙo a BBC Radio 4's Desert Island Discs .  A cikin 2013 Frith ya rubuta game da ganuwar mata a kimiyya, ta hanyar inganta nune-nunen a kan hotunan masanin kimiyya na mata a The Royal Society .