Yarjejeniyar Anglo-Ottoman ta 1880

**Yarjejeniyar Anglo-Ottoman ta 1880** wacce aka fi sani da **Yarjejeniyar Anglo-Ottoman don dakile zirga-zirga a Afirka** da **Yarjejeniyar Anglo-Ottoman don dakile cinikin bayi**, yarjejeniya ce tsakanin Hadaddiyar Masarautar Burtaniya Mai Girma da Ireland|Burtaniya da babbar Burtaniya da Ireland]] da Daular Usmaniyya daga shekara ta 1880. Yarjejeniyar dai ta yi magana ne kan cinikin bayi na daular Usmaniyya, musamman cinikin bayi da ‘yan Afirka ke yi a tekun Bahar Maliya zuwa lardin Hejaz na Ottoman.

## Tarihi
Birtaniya sun gudanar da  yaki da bautar da bayi na ƙasa da ƙasa. A cikin shekarar 1857, matsin lamba na Burtaniya ya haifar da Sultan Ottoman ya ba da doka (hukunci), Firman na 1857, wanda ya haramta cinikin bayi daga Sudan zuwa Ottoman Misira da ketare Bahar Maliya zuwa Ottoman Hijaz.  Sai dai kuma kamfanin cinikin bayi na gaba na shekarar 1854 ya riga ya haifar da tawayen Hijaz a lardin Hijaz, kuma ya sa cinikin bayi a Hijaz ya keɓe daga haramcin cinikin bayi na Bahar Maliya  kuma haramcin ya kasance na asali a kan takarda kawai.

Yarjejeniyar cinikin bayi na Anglo-Masar ta shekarar 1877 ta yi magana game da cinikin bayi na Afirka zuwa Daular Usmaniyya, musamman Masar ta Ottoman daga Sudan. Duk da haka wannan taron bai yi tasiri ba. An yi jigilar bayi da yawa ta hanyar Bahar Maliya, kuma khedive na Masar ba su da ikon bincika jiragen bayi a wajen gaɓar Ottoman Arabiya (Hejaz).

## Yarjejeniyar
n matsin lamba na Buritaniya, tare da goyon bayan Grand Vizier da Majalisar Ministoci, Sultan Abdul Hamid II ya amince a karshe ya magance batun cinikin bayi a cikin Bahar Maliya. 

Yarjejeniyar Anglo-Ottoman ta 1880 ta haramta cinikin bayi na Bahar Maliya.  An bai wa Burtaniya 'yancin tsayawa da sarrafa duk jiragen da ake zargi da safarar bayi a cikin ruwan Ottoman. 

A aikace, ba a aiwatar da wannan haramcin a lardin Hejaz ba.  Hukumomin Ottoman a hukumance suna adawa da bautar da bayi saboda neman diflomasiyya a manufofinsu na ketare, amma sun amince da bauta da cinikin bayi a lardunan daular a cikin manufofinsu na cikin gida.  Don haka, ba a aiwatar da dokokin yaƙi da bautar da aka yi bayan matsin lamba daga ƙasashen waje ba. Wannan ya sa yarjejeniyar ta yi rashin tasiri, Hejaz ya kasance babban wurin cinikin bayi na Bahar Maliya.

## Bayan haka
Gabatar da Yarjejeniyar Anglo-Ottoman na shekarar 1880 da rashin aiwatar da shi ya haifar da ci gaba da matsin lamba na Burtaniya a kan Daular Usmaniyya game da murkushe bauta da cinikin bayi a daular. A cikin shekarar 1883, an gabatar da daftarin don cikawa da ramawa ga mummunan aiwatar da yarjejeniyar Anglo-Ottoman na shekarar 1880. A cikin wata doka ta Imperial (hukunce-hukuncen) na shekarar 1887, an ayyana bautar ta hanyar sadarwa a hukumance kuma ba a amince da shi ta hanyar doka ba, dokar da ke cewa: "Gwamnatin Masarautar ba ta amince da yanayin bautar a hukumance ba, tana la'akari da doka kowane mutumin da ke zaune a cikin daular ya zama yana da 'yanci".  Wannan doka duk da haka ta kasance na ƙima kuma cinikin bayi ya ci gaba.

Bayan matsin lamba na Biritaniya, Sultan Abdul Hamid II ya kaddamar da wata doka game da cinikin bayi na Baƙaƙen fata a ranar 30 ga watan Disamba 1889, Sunan Kanun na 1889.  Duk da haka, wannan doka ba ta ƙunshi wani hukunci na musamman kan cinikin bayi a cikin daular ba, kuma ba a ɗaukan ta da inganci ba. 

Daular Ottoman ta halarci taron yaki da bauta ta Brussels 1889-90. Saboda dokar 1889 da aka gabatar kafin taron, Birtaniya sun tabbatar da cewa Ottoman sun cika alkawuran Anglo-Ottoman Convention na 1880.  Daular Ottoman da wasu ƙasashe 16 sun rattaba hannu kan dokar taron Brussels na shekarar 1890 don dakile cinikin bayi. Dokar ta wajabta wa Daular Usmaniyya da ta damke duk wani bayi da ke kan iyakokinta da aka yi safarar su ba bisa ka'ida ba, sannan ta bai wa kowace wata alama da ke nuna 'yancin 'yantar da duk wani ɗan ƙasarsu da aka kai daular Usmaniyya a matsayin bawa tun a shekarar 1889, kuma an aiwatar da wannan doka a shekara ta 1892.

## Duba kuma

* Farashin 1854
* Yarjejeniyar Ciniki Bawan Anglo-Masar
* Kanunname na 1889
* Yarjejeniyar Frere

## Manazarta