The Slave Community

The Slave Community: Plantation Life in the Antebellum South littafi ne wanda masanin tarihi Amurka John W. Blassingame ya rubuta. An buga shi a cikin 1972, yana ɗaya daga cikin nazarin tarihi na farko na bautar a Amurka da za a gabatar daga hangen nesa na bayi. Al'ummar Bawa sun saba wa waɗancan masana tarihi waɗanda shuka fassara tarihi don ba da shawarar cewa bayi na Afirka-Amurka sun kasance masu biyayya da biyayya "Sambos" waɗanda ke jin daɗin fa'idodin dangantakar uba da bawa a kan gonakin kudanci. Yin amfani da ilimin halayyar dan adam, Blassingame yayi nazarin labaran bayi masu gudu da aka buga a karni na 19 don kammala cewa al'ada mai zaman kanta ta bunkasa tsakanin bayi kuma akwai nau'ikan halaye iri-iri da bayi suka nuna.

Kodayake malaman bautar Amurka sun fahimci muhimmancin The Slave Community, an soki ra'ayoyin Blassingame, hanyoyin, da tushe sosai. Masana tarihi sun soki amfani da labaran bayi waɗanda aka gani a matsayin marasa aminci da son kai. Sun yi tambaya game da shawarar Blassingame na cire tambayoyin sama da 2,000 tare da tsoffin bayi da Hukumar Kula da Ayyuka (WPA) ta gudanar a cikin shekarun 1930. Masana tarihi sun yi jayayya cewa amfani da ka'idar ilimin halayyar dan adam na Blassingame ya zama mara amfani a cikin fassararsa. Blassingame ya kare kammalawa a taron 1976 na Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History kuma a 1979 ya buga wani bita da fadada edition na The Slave Community . Duk da zargi, The Slave Community rubutu ne na tushe a cikin nazarin rayuwa da al'adun bayi a Antebellum ta Kudu.

## Tarihi
Ulrich Bonnell Phillips ya rubuta babban binciken tarihi na farko na karni na 20 game da bautar. A cikin Bautar Negro ta Amurka (1918), Phillips yana nufin bayi a matsayin "baƙi, waɗanda galibi sun kasance ta hanyar biyayya ta launin fata maimakon ƙiyayya, masu haske maimakon baƙin ciki, masu tausayi da rashin jin daɗi maimakon masu tausayi, kuma waɗanda suke da lahani sun gayyaci iyaye maimakon zalunci.  Bautar Negor ta Amurka tana cike da maganganun launin fata da kuma suna da ra'ayi game da ƙarancin baƙar fata na kowa a kudancin Amurka a lokacin. Kodayake malaman Afirka na Amurka kamar su WEB Du Bois sun soki yadda Phillips ya nuna bayi, an dauki littafin a matsayin rubutu mai iko game da bautar a Amurka har zuwa shekarun 1950.

Phillips game da bautar a cikin The Peculiar Institution: Slavery in the Ante-Bellum South (1956) da Stanley M. Elkins a cikin Slavery: A Problem in American Institutional and Intellectual Life (1958). Nazarin Stampp ba shi da fassarar wariyar launin fata da aka samu a cikin Bautar Negro ta Amurka kuma yana kusantar batun daga matsayin cewa babu bambanci tsakanin baƙi da fari. Ya yi tambaya game da gaskiyar tsire-tsire na shuka da Phillips ya bayyana: "gaskiyar tsire-shire na tsire-tire-tsalle ... yana buƙatar a raba shi da mahallinsa kuma a bincika shi sosai. "  Elkins ya kuma watsar da ikirarin Phillips cewa bayi na Afirka na Amurka sun kasance masu biyayya "Sambos". Ya yi jayayya cewa a maimakon haka an yi wa bayi jarirai, ko kuma "sanya" zuwa Sambos, ta hanyar zalunci da aka samu a hannun masu bautar da masu kulawa. Elkins ya kwatanta wannan tsari da jaririn Yahudawa a Sansanin Nazi.
## Manazarta