Sanarwar gaggawa ta yanayi

**Sanarwar gaggawa ta yanayi** ko ayyana gaggawa ta sauyin yanayi wani mataki ne da gwamnatoci da masana kimiyya suka dauka  don amincewa da bil'adama yana cikin rikice-Rikicin yanayi.

Gwamnatin karamar hukuma (Darebin, Melbourne) ce ta fara yin irin wannan sanarwar a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2016.  Tun daga wannan lokacin, sama da kananan hukumomi 2,100 a kasashe 39 sun yi sanarwa ta gaggawa ta yanayi har zuwa Mayu 2022. Mutanen da ke ƙarƙashin ikon da suka ayyana yanayin gaggawa sun kai sama da 'yan ƙasa biliyan 1.

A ranar 29 ga Afrilu 2019, Gwamnatin Welsh ta ayyana gaggawa ta yanayi, wanda daga baya majalisar dokoki, Senedd, ta zartar a ranar 1 ga Mayu 2019, lokacin da ta zama ƙasa ta huɗu a duniya da ta ayyana dokar gaggawa ta sauyin yanayi.

Da zarar gwamnati ta ba da sanarwar, mataki na gaba ga gwamnati ta ayyana shi ne ta tsara abubuwan da suka fi dacewa don rage sauyin yanayi, kafin a shiga cikin dokar ta-baci ko makamancin haka.  A cikin ayyana yanayin gaggawar yanayi, gwamnati ta yarda cewa sauyin yanayi (ko ɗumamar yanayi) akwai kuma matakan da aka ɗauka har zuwa wannan lokacin ba su isa su iyakance canje-canjen da ya kawo ba. Matakin ya jaddada bukatar gwamnati da gwamnati su tsara matakan da za su kawo karshen dumamar yanayi da dan Adam ke haddasawa.  

Za'a iya yin sanarwa a matakai daban-daban, alal misali, a matakin kasa ko karamar hukuma, kuma suna iya bambanta da zurfi da daki-daki a cikin jagororin su. Kalmar *gaggawa* ba wai kawai tana bayyana yanke shawara na yau da kullun ba, har ma ta haɗa da matakai don hana lalacewar yanayi. Wannan ya kamata ya tabbatar da kuma mayar da hankali ga hukumar da ke mulki ga aikin yanayi. Ana amfani da takamaiman kalmar gaggawa don ba da fifiko ga batun, da kuma samar da tunanin gaggawa.

Masu gwagwarmayar yanayi da 'yan siyasa masu goyon bayan yanayi sun inganta kalmar gaggawa don ƙara ma'anar gaggawa don amsawa ga matsala ta dogon lokaci. Binciken Shirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da ra'ayin jama'a a cikin ƙasashe 50 ya gano cewa kashi sittin da hudu cikin dari na masu amsa miliyan 1.2 sun yi imanin cewa canjin *yanayin gaggawa* ce ta duniya.

## Kalmomin

: *Don ƙarin tattaunawa game da ƙamus, duba Rikicin Yanayi § Sauran ƙamus.* 
An yi amfani da gaggawa na yanayi a matsayin kalma a cikin zanga-zangar adawa da canjin yanayi kafin 2010 (misali "Climate-Emergency-Rally" a Melbourne a watan Yunin 2009 ). A cikin 2017 majalisar birni ta Darebin ta ɗauki matakai da yawa da ake kira "Darebin Climate Emergency Plan". A ranar 4 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2018, kungiyar ta Roma ta gabatar da "Tsarin Gaggawa na Yanayi", wanda ya hada da matakan gaggawa 10 don iyakance dumamar yanayi. Tare da hauhawar ƙungiyoyi kamar Extinction Rebellion  da School Strike for Climate, gwamnatoci daban-daban sun karɓi damuwa.

Yawancin biranen Turai da al'ummomin da suka ayyana gaggawa na yanayi a lokaci guda mambobi ne na Klima-Bündnis (Jamusanci don *hadin gwiwar yanayi*), wanda ke tilasta musu su rage hayakin CO2 da kashi 10% a kowace shekara biyar.

Oxford Dictionary ya zaɓi *yanayin gaggawa* a matsayin kalmar shekara don 2019 kuma ya bayyana kalmar a matsayin "yanayin da ake buƙatar mataki na gaggawa don rage ko dakatar da canjin yanayi da kuma kauce wa mummunar lalacewar muhalli da ba za a iya juyawa ba sakamakon hakan. " Amfani da kalmar ya tashi sama da 10,000% tsakanin Satumba 2018 da Satumba 2019. 

## Tarihi

### Matakan farko
Wadanda suka yi yakin neman zabe a bayan takardar neman izinin gaggawa na yanayi, wanda aka kaddamar a Ostiraliya a watan Mayu 2016, Tod Smith, mai ba da shawara na Australiya a Birnin Darebin a Melbourne, Ostiraliya ya gabatar da sanarwar farko ta gwamnati game da gaggawa a duniya. Birnin ya ayyana gaggawa a ranar 5 ga Disamba 2016. A watan Agustan 2017, Darebin ya yanke shawarar yin kundin ayyukan a cikin "Darebin Climate Emergency Plan".   Shawarwarin Darebin ya biyo bayan New Jersey">Hoboken a New Jersey da Berkeley, California.

Jin waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru a cikin 2018, 'yar siyasa ta Green Party ta Burtaniya Carla Denyer, a lokacin memba ne na Majalisar Birnin Bristol, ta jagoranci gabatar da sanarwar Bristol City Council game da gaggawa. Wannan ita ce ta farko da irin wannan sanarwar ta yi a Turai, kuma an yaba da ita a matsayin babban lokaci ga birane da majalisun kasa da suka fara bayyana gaggawa na yanayi. An bayyana motsi na Denyer a cikin jaridar Burtaniya The Independent a matsayin 'matsayin farko na tarihi' wanda a watan Yulin 2019 'fiye da hukumomi da majalisun gida 400 suka kwafe shi'. 

## Dubi kuma

* Ruwan yanayi
* Canjin yanayi da rushewar wayewa
* Canjin yanayi a Birnin New York
* Yanayin yanayi
* Binciken tattalin arziki na canjin yanayi
* Kimanin haɗarin halaka na ɗan adam
* Jerin ƙasashe ta hanyar hayakin carbon dioxide
* Bayanan kafofin watsa labarai game da canjin yanayi
* Tsaro (dangantaka ta duniya) 
* Yanayin gaggawa
* Tattalin arzikin yaki
* Gargadi na Masana Kimiyya na Duniya ga Dan Adam

## Manazarta