Alison Bashford

**Alison Bashford** ita ce mai tarihi ta ƙasar Ostiraliya kuma ƙwararriyar jami’a, wadda ta fi shahara saboda bincikenta kan tarihi na kimiyya, lafiya ta duniya, da kuma mulkin mallaka. Ta ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga fahimtar yadda kimiyya, likitanci, da kuma manufofin mulkin mallaka suka haɗu a karni na 19 da 20, musamman a cikin littafanta kamar *Imperial Hygiene: A Critical History of Colonialism, Nationalism and Public Health* da *Global Population: History, Geopolitics, and Life on Earth*.

## Rayuwar farko
Alison Bashford an haife ta a Ostiraliya, amma bayanai game da ranar haihuwarta da kuma rayuwarta ta farko ba a bayyana su sosai a kafofin da aka bincika ba. Ta girma a cikin yanayi mai goyon bayan ilimi, inda ta nuna sha’awa ga tarihi da kimiyya tun daga ƙuruciyarta. Sha’awarta ga binciken tarihi na kimiyya da lafiya ta samo asali daga sha’awarta wajen fahimtar yadda manufofin zamantakewa da siyasa suka shafi ci gaban kimiyya.

## Ilimi
Bashford ta karanta ilimin tarihi a Jami’ar Sydney, inda ta sami digiri na farko da kuma digiri na PhD a fannin tarihi. A lokacin karatunta, ta mai da hankali kan tarihi na mulkin mallaka, lafiya ta jama’a, da kuma kimiyyar likitanci, musamman yadda waɗannan fannonin suka haɗu da manufofin duniya da kuma al’adu na karni na 19 da 20. Ta kuma ji daɗin bincike kan yadda kimiyya ta shafi manufofin yawan jama’a da kuma ikon mulki a cikin al’ummomin mulkin mallaka.

## Ayyuka
Alison Bashford tana aiki a matsayin farfesa a Jami’ar New South Wales (UNSW) a Sydney, inda ta kasance shugabar bincike a Sashen Tarihi. Ta kuma yi aiki a jami’o’i na duniya, ciki har da Jami’ar Harvard da Jami’ar Cambridge, inda ta kasance farfesa mai ziyara da kuma mai gabatar da laccoci kan tarihi na kimiyya da lafiya ta duniya.

Bincikenta ya mai da hankali kan yadda kimiyya da likitanci suka taka rawa wajen kafa manufofin mulkin mallaka da kuma lafiya ta jama’a. A cikin littafinta *Imperial Hygiene*, Bashford ta bincika yadda manufofin kiwon lafiya suka zama kayan aiki na ikon mulkin mallaka, musamman a cikin Biritaniya da Ostiraliya, inda aka yi amfani da kimiyyar likitanci don sarrafa yawan jama’a da kuma kafa tsarin mulki. Ta kuma nuna yadda ra’ayoyin kimiyya game da tsafta da lafiya suka shafi manufofin ƙaura da kuma rabuwa tsakanin al’ummomi a cikin yankunan mulkin mallaka.

A cikin *Global Population*, Bashford ta bincika tarihi na yawan jama’a a duniya, daga karni na 19 zuwa 20, inda ta nuna yadda ra’ayoyin kimiyya game da yawan jama’a suka shafi manufofin siyasa da tattalin arziki a duniya. Littafin ya sami yabo saboda yadda ya haɗa binciken tarihi da kimiyya don bayyana yadda ra’ayoyin yawan jama’a suka shafi duniya ta zamani.

Bashford ta kuma bincika rawar da mata suka taka a cikin kimiyyar likitanci da kuma tarihi na kimiyya, inda ta rubuta game da yadda mata masana kimiyya suka ji daɗin ci gaban lafiya ta jama’a duk da ƙalubalen zamantakewa. Ta ba da gudummawa ga fahimtar yadda kimiyya ta shafi manufofin duniya, musamman game da ƙaura, yawan jama’a, da kuma kiwon lafiya.

Ta kasance memba na Australian Academy of the Humanities da kuma British Academy, inda ta sami lambobin yabo saboda gudummawarta ga binciken tarihi. Ta kuma shiga cikin ƙungiyoyin tarihi kamar History of Science Society, inda ta gabatar da bincikenta a tarurruka na duniya. Ayyukanta sun taimaka wajen fahimtar yadda kimiyya da tarihi suka haɗu don kafa duniyar zamani, musamman a yankunan mulkin mallaka da kuma manufofin lafiya ta duniya.

## Ayyukanta
* *Imperial Hygiene: A Critical History of Colonialism, Nationalism and Public Health* (2004)
* *Global Population: History, Geopolitics, and Life on Earth* (2014)
* *An Intimate History of Evolution: The Story of the Huxley Family* (2022)
* *The New Worlds of Thomas Robert Malthus: Rereading the Principle of Population* (2016, editan haɗin gwiwa)
* Labarai a mujallu kamar *American Historical Review* da *History of Science Society Newsletter*.

## Rayuwar sirri
Bayanai game da rayuwar sirri na Alison Bashford ba a bayyana su sosai a kafofin da aka bincika ba, saboda ta fi mai da hankali kan aikinta na ilimi da rubuce-rubuce. Ta nuna sha’awa ga adabi da tarihi, wanda ya bayyana a cikin rubutunta da ke haɗa kimiyya da labarun tarihi.

## Nuni

## Ƙarin karatu
* Bashford, Alison (2010). "Population, Geopolitics, and International Organizations". *American Historical Review*. 115 (2): 327–350. .
* Bashford, Alison (2018). "Science and Empire: A Global Perspective". *History of Science Society Newsletter*. 47 (1): 10–12.