Barazanar algae ta Tafkin Winnipeg

Tafkin Winnipeg ya fuskanci furannin algae da yawa tun daga shekarun 1990.  Algae mai guba na tafkin ya haifar da tabarbarewar ingancin ruwa, yana haifar da haɗari ga yanayin ɗan adam da na dabbobi. Furen yana faruwa ne sakamakon yawan sinadarin nitrogen da phosphorus daga zubar taki da najasa da ke kwarara cikin tafkin ta hanyar koguna da kwararar ruwa .

A shekara ta 2006, an dauki fure na algae na Lake Winnipeg a matsayin mafi munin matsalar algae na kowane babban tafkin ruwa a duniya, a cewar Canadian Geographic .  A cikin 2013, an ayyana Tafkin Winnipeg a matsayin tafkin da aka fi barazana a duniya ta Asusun Yanayi na Duniya, saboda yawan matakan phosphorus. Kokarin rage matakan bai yi nasara ba. A cikin 2017, an ruwaito cewa ƙoƙari na shekaru biyar ya cire ƙasa da 1% na phosphorus.

Matsayi mai girma na algae toxin microcystin ya rufe Victoria Beach daga jama'a a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2003.  Grand Beach da sauran ƙauyuka a gefen tafkin galibi ana rufe su a lokacin watanni na rani saboda E. coli da barazanar da ke da alaƙa da guba. Babban fure na algae da ke rufe daruruwan murabba'in kilomita sun bayyana a arewacin Tafkin Winnipeg tun daga shekarun 2010. 

## Tasirin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki
Lalacewar ma'aunin muhalli na Tafkin Winnipeg ya sami mummunar tasirin tattalin arziki ga Masana'antar yawon bude ido ta yankin $ 100 miliyan a shekara da kuma $ 25 miliyan a shekara.  Abubuwan guba da aka saki blue-green algae suna lalata yanayin halittu na ruwa mai laushi kuma suna da haɗari ga nau'ikan nau'ikan ruwa da na ƙasa, gami da mutane. Yanayin ruwa mai kisa a cikin gandun daji sun kashe dabbobi. Masu kamun kifi na kasuwanci da na asali a kan tafkin sau da yawa suna samun tarunsu na nakasa a lokacin watanni na rani saboda yanayin algae mai yawa.

## Matsalolin ruwa da samar da ruwa
Tafkin Winnipeg ya kasance a matsayin tafkin ruwa mai laushi na 11 caji girma a duniya ta hanyar yankin. Tafkin ya kunshi yankuna uku da aka ƙayyade sosai, mafi girma Arewacin Basin, ƙaramin Kudancin Basin. Rashin ruwa da ke kewaye da tafkin yana da kusan sau arba'in fiye da yankin tafkin. Wannan rabo ya fi kowane babban tafki a duniya, yana mai da Tafkin Winnipeg ya fi dacewa da matakan Abinci mai gina jiki. Saboda tafkin yana da ƙananan ruwa, ingancin ruwa ya ragu ta hanyar tsarin da mutum ya yi da kuma nauyin abinci mai gina jiki. 

Abubuwan shigar da eutrophication a Tafkin Winnipeg sun haɗa da:

* Kogin Winnipeg (E) 
* Kogin Saskatchewan (W) 
* Kogin Red (S) 
* Ruwan sama

Abubuwan da ke fitowa a cikin Tafkin Winnipeg sun haɗa da:

* Kogin Nelson (NE) 

Kogin Red yana da kimanin tan 7,716 na phosphorus da ke shiga cikin Tafkin Winnipeg a kowace shekara. Kimanin tan 2,500 na phosphorus yana gudana daga tafkin a kowace shekara ta hanyar Kogin Nelson. An kiyasta cewa matakan phosphorus masu shigowa sun ninka sau biyu ta hanyar noma da Ruwa mai guba daga arewacin Amurka. Kogin Saskatchewan yana ɗauke da phosphorus daga Alberta da Saskatchew zuwa arewa maso yammacin tafkin. Kogin Winnipeg kuma yana ɗora kayan abinci a tafkin daga Minnesota da Ontario. Birnin Winnipeg da ke kusa ba ya cire nitrogen da phosphorus daga mafi yawan ruwan da ya fi dacewa (ko da yake ana ci gaba da ingantawa ga masana'antun kula da datti tun daga 2017 ), kuma waɗannan abubuwan gina jiki suna gudana kai tsaye cikin Tafkin Winnipeg. Saboda hanyoyin wankewa da tacewa da mazauna shekara-shekara da na yanayi ke amfani da su tare da Tafkin Winnipeg, ruwan sabulu mai wadataccen phosphorus na iya shiga cikin tafkin.

## Wutar lantarki
Babban madatsar ruwa a Grand Rapids, Manitoba, yana sarrafa Kogin Saskatchewan mai ƙarfi. Kogin da ke gudana da sauri ya kama ruwa daga yawancin Filayen Kanada, wanda ke gudana ta hanyar wani karamin tashar da ke gudada a arewacin Tafkin Winnipeg. Manitoba Hydro tana aiki da madatsun ruwa da yawa a ko'ina cikin Manitoba wanda ke shafar matakan ruwa na Tafkin Winnipeg da yawan kwarara. Ayyukan hydroelectric tare da Tafkin Winnipeg suna samar da daruruwan miliyoyin daloli a cikin kudaden shiga a kowace shekara ga Manitoba Hydro .  Matsi daga hukumomin lardin da kafofin watsa labarai ya sa Manitoba Hydro ta ba da gudummawa sama da dala miliyan 1.35 a cikin shekaru shida don taimakawa masu bincike su magance sauye-sauyen halittu da ingancin ruwa a Tafkin Winnipeg.

## Matsalolin sunadarai da na halitta
Muhalli Kanada ta ba da rahoton cewa adadin nitrogen da phosphorus a cikin Tafkin Winnipeg ya karu sosai tun daga shekarun 1990s Dalilin su ne karuwar amfani da taki na noma, ƙone burbushin burbushin halittu, ci gaban manyan birane, da haɓaka a cikin share ƙasa da lalata gandun daji. Nitrogen da phosphorus loading daga ayyukan ɗan adam ya hanzarta eutrophication na wasu koguna, tabkuna, da wuraren da ke da ruwa, wanda ya haifar da asarar mazaunin, canje-canje a cikin bambancin halittu kuma, a wasu lokuta, asarar damar nishaɗi. Tafkin Winnipeg yana fama da saurin shawo kan abubuwa na phosphorus, nitrogen, da carbon. Hanyoyin eutrophication suna ba da ƙarfi ga ci gaban algae mai launin shudi-kore, wanda aka fi sani da sunan kimiyya mai kyau cyanobacteria. Wadannan kwayoyin cuta yawanci suna bayyana kore a launi kuma suna iya zama shuɗi lokacin da algae (bacteria) suka yi fure suna mutuwa. Yayin da fure na algae ya mutu, ƙwayoyin microscopic sun lalace, suna saki guba a cikin ruwan da ke kewaye. Da zarar an sake su, wasu guba na iya zama sama da watanni uku har sai Hasken rana da yawan algae masu lafiya a cikin tafkin sun lalata su. Cyanobacteria yawanci suna bunƙasa daga phosphorus lokacin da yanayin zafi na lokacin rani na Tafkin Winnipeg yana da zafi kuma saurin iska yana da ƙarancin gaske. Blue-green algae furanni akai-akai ci gaba da watanni da yawa a Tafkin Winnipeg har sai yanayin sanyi, raƙuman ruwa, da canje-canje a cikin yanayi na yanayi zasu iya tace su. Tsarin lalacewar cyanobacteria yana cinye iskar oxygen a irin wannan babban adadin cewa wannan zai iya kashe Nau'in kifi na walleye na Lake Winnipeg da sauran rayuwar ruwa. Kodayake ƙananan algae masu launin shudi-kore suna faruwa a cikin Lake Winnipeg, babu wata hujja ta ƙarshe game da matakan al'ada. Hotunan tauraron dan adam sun nuna cewa furanni suna faruwa akai-akai kuma suna rufe ƙarin yankin tafkin. Rikicin algae na Lake Winnipeg ya girma zuwa irin wannan babban sikelin da za a iya ganin furanni daga sararin samaniya.

## Manazarta