Yaƙin basasar Kasar Habasha

**Yaƙin basasar Habasha** ya kasance yaƙin basasa a Habasha da Eritrea ta yau, wanda aka gwabza tsakanin gwamnatin mulkin sojan Habasha da aka fi sani da Derg da Habasha-Eritrea 'yan tawaye masu adawa da gwamnati daga 12 ga Satumba 1974 zuwa 28 ga Mayu shekara ta 1991.

A ranar 12 ga Satumba shekara ta alif ɗari tara da saba'in da huɗu 1974 ne Dergi yayi nasara akan daular Habasha da kuma sarki Haile Selassie a juyin mulki a ranar 12 ga Satumba shekara ta alif ɗari tara da saba'in da huɗu 1974, inda ya kafa ƙasar Habasha a matsayin ƙasar Marxist–Leninist karkashin mulkin soja da gwamnatin wucin gadi . Ƙungiyoyin adawa daban-daban na 'yan kishin ƙasa masu alaka da aƙida tun daga gurguzu zuwa masu adawa da kwaminisanci, wadanda galibi suka samo asali daga wata kabila ta musamman, sun gudanar da turjiya da makami a karkashin mulkin Tarayyar Soviet . 

Tuni dai ƙungiyoyi irin su EPLF da kuma WSLF na yammacin Somalia suka fara yaƙar daular Habasha a yakin neman yancin kai na arewacin Eritiriya da kuma tawayen kudancin Ogaden. Dergi ya yi amfani da manyan bita na yaƙi da tawaye da kuma Qey Shibir ( *Jan Ta'addanci* ) don murkushe 'yan tawaye. Sauran jiga-jigan 'yan tawaye kamar su Tigrayan Peoples Liberation Front (TPLF) da Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) suma sun kara ƙarfi a cikin shekaru 70s. A cikin shekara ta alif ɗari tara da saba'in da bakwai 1977 ƙasar Somaliya ta mamaye don mara baya ga WSLF a cikin Ogaden, wanda ya haifar da mummunan rauni ga Derg tare da haifar da babban matakin sojan Soviet da Cuba wanda ya kori sojojin Somaliya. Yayin da wannan juye-juyen ya baiwa 'yan tawayen Eritriya damar ci gaba a takaice, wani hari na yaki da Tarayyar Soviet da ke ɗauke da makamai na Derg bai daɗe ba ya sauya nasarorin da suka samu.

A tsakiyar shekarun 1980s, batutuwa daban-daban kamar su yunwa na 1983-1985, koma bayan tattalin arziki, da sauran illolin da manufofin Dergi suka yi wa ƙasar Habasha, suna ƙara samun goyon bayan jama'a ga 'yan tawaye. A shekara ta alif ɗari tara da tamanin da huɗu 1984, 'yan tawayen Eritrea sun sake samun wannan shiri a karon farko tun bayan kai farmakin.  A shekarar alif dari tara da tamanin da bakwai 1987 ne Dergi ya rusa gwamnatin mulkin soja, inda ya zama wayewa tare da kafa jamhuriyar dimokaradiyya ta Habasha (PDRE) a karkashin jam'iyyar Workers' Party of Ethiopia (WPE) a kokarinta na ci gaba da mulkinta.  Tarayyar Soviet ta fara kawo karshen goyon bayan da take bai wa Dergi a karshen shekarun 1980s kuma kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye da ke kara samun nasara sun mamaye gwamnati. 

A watan Mayu shekara ta alif ɗari tara da casain da ɗaya 1991 ne aka ci mulkin Dergi a kasar Eritiriya sannan shugaba Mengistu Haile Mariam ya fice daga kasar. Yaƙin basasar Habasha ya kawo karshe a ranar 28 ga Mayu shekara ta alif ɗari tara da casain da ɗaya 1991 lokacin da jam'iyyar People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), gamayyar kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye masu ra'ayin hagu, suka shiga Addis Ababa babban birnin kasar . An rusa gwamnatin Dergi aka maye gurbinsu da gwamnatin rikon kwarya ta Habasha karkashin jagorancin jam'iyyar Tigray People's Liberation Front . 

Yaƙin basasar Habasha ya yi sanadin mutuwar a ƙalla mutane miliyan da dubu dari hudu (1.4), yayin da miliyan 1 daga cikin wadanda suka mutu na da nasaba da yunwa, sauran kuma sakamakon faɗa da sauran tashe-tashen hankula da suka faru. 

## Manazarta