Rosa Masar

Rosa Egipcíaca, wanda aka fi sani da **Rosa Maria Egipcíaca na Vera Cruz** da **Rosa Courana** (1719 - 12 ga Oktoba 1771), marubuciya ce ta farko kuma mai ilimin addini, wacce ita ce marubucin A Sagrada Teologia do Amor de Deus Luz Brilhante das Almas Peregrinas (The Sacred Theology of Love of God Brilliant Light of Pilgrim Souls) - littafin da wata baƙar fata ta rubuta a tarihin Brazil.

## Rayuwa ta farko

An haifi Egipcíaca a kan , kusa da inda Legas ta zamani take a Najeriya. An haife ta memba na mutanen Coura kuma an bautar da ita lokacin da take 'yar shekara shida, kuma an kai ta hanyar Cinikin bayi na Atlantic zuwa Rio de Janeiro a shekara ta 1725.  Lokacin da ta isa an yi mata baftisma a Igreja da Candelária kuma an ba ta sunan Rosa (ko, kamar yadda ake kiranta wani lokaci, Rosa Courana - yana nuna asalin al'adun Afirka ta Yamma). A shekara ta 1733 an sayar da ita ga Dona Ana Garcês de Morais wacce ke da sansanin hakar ma'adinai a Inficionado a yankin Minas Gerais . Bautar Egipcíaca ta baya, José de Souza de Azevedo, ya yi mata fyade. A sansanin hakar ma'adinai, a matsayin mace daya tilo, a matsayin escrava de ganho,  an tilasta mata samar da jima'i ga maza saba'in da bakwai da aka bautar a can. 

## Rayuwar addini
A lokacin da take da shekaru 29, Egipcíaca ta fara samun wahayin allahntaka, bayan wani lokaci na rashin lafiya wanda ke nuna ciwo na ciki - ta yi iƙirarin cewa aljanu ne suka haifar da ciwo. Masanin tarihi Robert Krueger ya danganta waɗannan alamun da cututtukan venereal. Wani firist na Katolika, Francisco Gonçalves Lopes ne ya fitar da ita. Asalinsa daga Minho a Portugal, an san Lopes da "ƙaddamar da aljanu". Daga baya, an zarge su da yin wani al'amari kuma Inquisition ta gurfanar da su. A shekara ta 1748, bayan da aka sake ta daga kurkuku, ta ɗauki sunan **Rosa Maria Egipcíaca da Vera Cruz,** don girmama Saint Mary na Masar. Ta fara wa'azi ga taron jama'a game da wahayinta. A shekara ta 1749 Bishop na Mariana ya zarge ta da maita kuma ya yi mata bulala a Vila de Mariana a matsayin horo. Wannan azabtarwa ta gurgunta gefen dama na jikinta har tsawon rayuwarta. Bayan wannan Lopes ya sayi ta kuma suka gudu zuwa Rio de Janeiro, inda limaman Franciscan suka yi imani da wahayinta kuma suka ƙarfafa ta bi hanyar Kirista. Ɗan'uwa Agostinho na São José ya zama mai ba da shawara na musamman, kuma Egipcíaca an san ta da al'ummar Franciscan a matsayin "Flower of Rio" kuma tana da suna don iya jimrewa da azumi mai yawa, cin zarafin kai da sanya cilice fiye da yawancin su.

A wannan lokacin Egipcíaca ya koyi karatu da rubutu, ya zama mutum na farko da aka rubuta na asalin Afirka a Brazil don koyon haruffa. An yi wahayi zuwa gare ta don koyo bayan wahayin St Anne. Ta kirkiro littafin A Sagrada Teologia do Amor de Deus Luz Brilhante das Almas Peregrinas (The Sacred Theology of Love of God Brilliant Light of Pilgrim Souls), wanda shine littafi na farko da wata mace ta Afirka-Brazil ta rubuta.

A shekara ta 1754 ta kafa sabon gidan addini - Recolhimento de Nossa Senhora do Parto (The Convent of Our Lady of Childbirth).  Antônio na Desterro (pt), wanda shi ne bishop na Rio de Janeiro ne ya ba da kuɗin. Ginin ya kasance a kan Rua da Assembléia (pt) kuma da yawa daga cikin masu karfi ashirin sun kasance baƙar fata ko mata masu launin fata, da kuma tsoffin karuwai. Egipcíaca ta jagoranci gidan ibada kuma ta kori masu Ikklisiya daga ayyuka idan sun yi mummunar hali. Umurnin ya ci gaba da mayar da hankali kan addinin Sts. Anna da Joachim, kakannin Yesu, kuma a Zuciya ta St. Joseph. Ba da daɗewa ba ya mai da hankali ga mutumin Egipcíaca kanta. Ta haɗu da ayyukan addini na Yammacin Afirka tare da liturgy na Katolika don haɓaka sabon nau'in bautar. Wannan ya haɗa da rawa na *[[Batuque (Cape Verde)|Batuke]]*. A shekara ta 1756 ta yi hasashen cewa ambaliyar ruwa za ta lalata Rio. Zai kai gidan ibada zuwa Portugal, inda za ta auri Sarki Dom Sebastião .  Ta kuma kirkiro sabon addu'a da za a yi amfani da shi tare da rosary a maimakon 'Hail Mary'; ana kiran addu'ar "Rosary na Santana" kuma tana cikin girmamawa. Ta kuma yi warkarwa ta mu'ujiza.

A shekara ta 1762 an kama ita da Lopes kuma an ɗaure su saboda shiga cikin bautar Zuciya Mai Tsarki na Yesu . An ɗaure su a Rio na shekara guda, kuma a watan Agustan shekara ta 1763 sun bayyana a Kotun Ofishin Mai Tsarki a Lisbon. A lokacin tambayoyin su, Lopes ta zargi Egipcíaca da yaudarar shi, yayin da ta bayyana cewa duk wahayinta gaskiya ne. An yi mata tambayoyi sau biyar, tambayoyin da ta yi a watan Yunin 1765 ta Jeronimo Rogado Carvalho da Silva (pt).  Daga baya, ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar kicin ga Inquisition . 

Egipcíaca ya mutu a ranar 12 ga Oktoba 1771 a cikin kicin gidan Inquisition, wanda aka ruwaito shi ne saboda dalilai na halitta.

## ''Mai Tsarki Theology na Ƙaunar Allah Haske Mai Haske na Rayuwa Masu Hajji''
A cikin littafin Egipcíaca ta ba da cikakken bayani game da wahayinta, ta kwatanta yadda ta ciyar da jariri Kristi a ƙirjinta da kuma yadda ya goge gashin kanta, cewa ita da Yesu sun musanya zukata kuma ta mutu kuma an farfado da ita, da sauransu.[1] Littafin da farko yana da shafuka 290 masu tsawo, amma shida ne kawai daga cikin waɗannan shafuka suka tsira.[2] An san littafin a matsayin littafi mafi tsufa da wata baƙar fata ta rubuta a Brazil.[3] A Rio de Janeiro a lokacin da ta rubuta, akwai wasu mata ashirin da bakwai masu karatu.[4]

## Kyauta
Marubucin Heloísa Maranhão ya rubuta wani labari wanda ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar rayuwar Egipcíaca mai taken *Rosa Maria Egipcíaca da Vera Cruz* .  An buga shi a shekara ta 1997.  Criola, wata kungiya mai baƙar fata da ke zaune a Rio de Janeiro, ta ambaci rayuwar Egipcíaca a matsayin muhimmiyar wahayi ga ayyukansu.

## Tarihi
An yi watsi da rayuwar Egipcíaca har zuwa littafin 1993 na Luiz Mott na Rosa Egipcíaca: Uma santa Africana no Brasil .  Mott ta sami damar gano tarihin Egipcíaca ta hanyar amfani da cikakkun bayanan Inquisition, da kuma amfani da shafukan da suka tsira na littafinta, da wasiƙu a cikin tarihin Torre de Tombo. A cewar Mott, Egipcíaca ta rayu rayuwar mai zunubi da kuma mai tsarki, kuma ana iya ganin wannan a matsayin ƙalubale ga "ƙungiyoyin da cocin Katolika ya kirkira ga mata". Matthias Röhrig Assunção ya tattauna yadda muhimmancin yake cewa wata mace ta Afirka za ta iya zama "wani abu na shahararren addinin Katolika" a Brazil. Paul Christopher Johnson ya bayyana muhimmancin ta dangane da yadda ta kasance 'mai warkarwa' wanda ya kasance samfurin al'adun Afro-Brazilian. Mawallafa Monica Díaz da Rocío Quispe-Agnoli sun ce shafuka daga littafin Egipcíaca da wasikunta "sun kasance a matsayin wasu daga cikin 'yan kaɗan da suka rage na muryoyin mata na Afirka a cikin tarihin mulkin mallaka na Latin Amurka".

## Manazarta