open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Michalis Liapis

**Michalis Liapis** (Girkanci; an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Mayu 1951) tsohon dan siyasa ne kuma minista na sabuwar dimokuradiyya ta Girka.

An haifi Liapis a Athens ga Konstantinos Liapis, lauya, da Antigoni Karamanli (1921-2010). Mahaifiyarsa ƙaramar 'yar'uwar Konstantinos Karamanlis ce,  wanda ya kasance Firayim Minista sau hudu kuma shugaban Girka sau biyu. Wannan yana nufin cewa Liapis dan uwansa ne kuma dan uwan tsohon firaministan, wanda shine Kostas Karamanlis.

Ya kammala karatu a makarantun shari'a da kimiyyar siyasa na Jami'ar Athens, Liapis ya halarci karatun digiri na biyu a fannin shari'a a birnin Paris. Daga baya ya cancanci kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya a Girka.

## Ayyukan siyasa
Bayan Maido da dimokuradiyya bayan faduwar Regime of the Colonels, Liapis ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa ONNED, reshen matasa na Sabon Dimokuradiyya. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

A shekara ta 1977 an nada shi mai ba da shawara na musamman kan harkokin sadarwa da alakar jama'a a ofishin Firayim Minista, wanda ke aiki da kawunsa Konstantinos Karamanlis. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

A shekara ta 1980, a lokacin da aka zabi Konstantinos Karamanlis a matsayin Shugaban Girka, an nada shi darektan ofishin mai zaman kansa na Shugaban. Liapis ya riƙe wannan matsayi har zuwa 1985, lokacin da Karamanlis ya ƙare saboda Rikicin tsarin mulki wanda Andreas Papandreou ya haifar. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed]

An fara zabarsa a matsayin memba na majalisar dokokin Girka a babban zaben shekarar 1985, lokacin da aka mayar da shi ga mazabar Athens (B) a kan tikitin Sabon Dimokuradiyya. An sake zabarsa a kowane zabe har zuwa Babban zaben 2007.  Ya ci gaba da zama har zuwa shekara ta 2009, lokacin da ya sanar da cewa ba zai tsaya takara a zaben gaggawa na wannan shekarar ba. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Manazarta
Alvaro Cartei

Alvaro Cartei (28 Satumba 1911 a Signa – 8 Oktoba 1995 a Signa) ɗan Italiyanci ne mai zane da yumbu.

## Manazarta

* Manazarta  
* Marco Moretti, Bruno Catarzi Scultore 1903–1996, Masso delle Fate Edizioni, Signa, 2005, 
* Giampiero Fossi, Oltre il novecento – Arte contemporanea nelle Signe, Masso delle Fate Edizioni, Signa, 2003, 
* Ornella Casazza e Marco Moretti, Giuseppe Santelli – Dipinti e Disegni, Masso delle Fate Edizioni, 1996
* Arnolfo Santelli, Un artista gentiluomo – Vita e Viatico di Giuseppe Santelli, Soc. Leonardo da Vinci di Firenze, 1974
Mayu Davis

**May Beatrice Davis** (wanda aka haifa a **Scott**, 30 Maris 1914 - 13 Janairu 1995) ƙwararren mai yin tukwane ne na Ingila da New Zealand. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife ta a Manchester, Lancashire, Ingila a shekarar 1914,  Davis ya yi karatu a Makarantar Fasaha ta Salford kuma Muriel Bell ta koya masa dabarun tukwane na asali.  A shekarar 1936 ta fara aiki a Leach Pottery da ke Cornwall a ƙarƙashin David Leach, inda ta haɗu da Harry Davis .  Sun yi aure a Landan a shekarar 1938, kuma ta haɗu da shi a Ghana, inda aka ɗauke shi aiki a ƙarƙashin wakilan Crown for the Colonies a matsayin Shugaban Fasaha a Kwalejin Achimota, Accra .   A shekarar 1946, sun kafa Crowan Pottery a Cornwall. 

Sun ƙaura zuwa Nelson, New Zealand, a shekarar 1962 suka kafa Crewenna Pottery a kusa da Wakapuaka . [1] Tsakanin 1972 da 1979 sun zauna a gundumar Izcuchaca, Peru, suna kafa wani wurin koyon tukwane a cikin ƙaramin al'umma a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin agaji. [2] Sun koma New Zealand a shekarar 1979.

## Tarin abubuwa
An haɗa aikinsu a cikin tarin Gidan Tarihi na Te Papa Tongarewa na New Zealand da tarin yumbu na Jami'ar Prysgol Aberystwyth da ke Wales . 

## Manazarta
Humberto Causa

**Humberto Causa** (8 ga Agusta, 1890 - Janairu 1925) wani mai zane ne kuma mai zane na Uruguay wanda ke da alaƙa da *Planismo*, wani motsi na musamman a farkon ƙarni na 20 na fasahar Uruguay wanda ya jaddada siffofi masu faɗi da launi mai ƙarfi.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Causa a Montevideo, Uruguay, zuwa Domingo Causa da Ana Carbone.  Ya fara horon fasaha a La Plata, Argentina, kafin ya koma Uruguay don yin karatu a Círculo de Bellas Artes a Montevideo. A can, Carlos María Herrera da Vicente Puig sun ba shi jagoranci. 

A shekara ta 1913, gwamnatin Uruguay ta ba shi tallafin karatu, wanda hakan ya ba shi damar ci gaba da karatu a Turai. [1] A wannan lokacin, ya zauna kuma ya yi aiki a Mallorca, Spain, inda ya shirya wasu daga cikin fitattun wakokinsa. [2] Ya koma Uruguay a shekara ta 1917 kuma ya shiga wani lokaci mai amfani wanda aka nuna shi da amfani da launuka masu kyau da kuma waƙoƙi masu bayyana ra'ayi wanda ya sa ya sami karbuwa a tsakanin masu zane-zane mafi kirkire-kirkire na zamaninsa. [3]

## Aikin fasaha

## Manazarta
Cho Ki-jung

**Cho Ki-jung** (22 ga Yuni, 1939 - 20 ga Disamba, 2007) wani mai ginin tukwane ne na Koriya ta Kudu wanda Gwamnatin Babban Birnin Gwangju ta ayyana shi a matsayin taska mai rai a shekarar 1986 saboda nasarar da ya samu na farfaɗo da Goryeo celadon . 

## Salo da yanayin aikinsa
Yana aiki a salon gargajiya. Ya sake gano yadda ake samar da furannin celadon masu launin shuɗi irin na zamanin Goryeo .

## Duba kuma

* Jerin masu fasahar yumbu da masu sassaka na Koriya

## Manazarta
Fernando Casasempere

**Fernando Casasempere** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1958) ƙwararren mai sassaka ne na ƙasar Chile wanda aka san shi da aikinsa da yumbu da yumbu . A shekara ta 1997, ya ƙaura daga Santiago zuwa London, inda ya kawo tan 12 na ƙasar Chile don aikinsa.   

## Sana'a
An nuna ayyukan Casasempere a ƙasashen duniya, ciki har da nune-nunen kaɗaici da na rukuni a manyan cibiyoyi. Wuraren da Casasempere ya ƙirƙiri wuraren adana muhalli don The Courtauld Institute of Art, Somerset House, London (2012); Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Santiago (2016); da kuma Atacama Desert (2015). [1] Ayyukansa suna cikin tarin jama'a ciki har da Gidan Tarihi na Victoria da Albert, London; Gidan Tarihi na Fine Arts, Boston ; Gidan Tarihi na Harvard Art ; Gidan Tarihi na Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam; Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa na Fasaha, Osaka ; Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Fasaha, Paris ; Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Ceramics, Faenza; da Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na San Diego . [2] [3]

Nunin *TERRA* na shekarar 2022 a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na San Diego ya ƙunshi kayan aiki masu ban sha'awa.    

A cikin wani bita na shekarar 2022 game da shigar Casasempere *mai taken Scratching the Surface* a London Mithraeum Bloomberg SPACE, Elizabeth Fullerton ta lura cewa aikin ya magance matsalolin muhalli ta hanyar haɗa siffofin yumbu masu kama da abubuwan ƙasa da bel ɗin jigilar kayayyaki na masana'antu. Shigarwar ta haifar da tunani kan lokaci, ƙwaƙwalwa, da tasirin ɗan adam a duniya. Fullerton ya bayyana baje kolin a matsayin buɗe "tattaunawa da wurin da ke gayyatar yin bimbini kan yanayi daban-daban da kuma wucewar lokaci." 

## Manazarta
Gigi Chessa

**Luigi Maria Giorgio Chessa** (1898–1935) ɗan ƙasar Italiya ne mai zane, mai zane, mai zane mai ban sha'awa, kuma mai tukwane (mai zane-zanen yumbu).

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife shi a Turin, inda ya fara yin horo a ƙarƙashin mahaifinsa Carlo Chessa . Ya halarci Kwalejin Albertina, horo na farko a ƙarƙashin Agostino Bosia, amma daga baya ya zama ɗalibi kuma mai kare Felice Casorati .  A shekarar 1920, ya koma Anticoli Corrado . A shekarar 1922, ya fara haɗin gwiwa mai tsawo da kamfanin "Lenci" na Turin wanda ke samar da yumbu.

A shekarar 1925, ya taimaka wajen tsara kayan gabatarwa a Turin na *L'Italiana a Algeri* . A shekarar 1926, ya yi tafiya zuwa New York don tsara kayan wasan kwaikwayo na Metropolitan Theatre. A shekara mai zuwa aka naɗa shi farfesa a fannin Scenography na Scuola Superiore di Architettura na Turin. A shekarar 1927, ya halarci gasar III Biennale di Monza, da kuma gasar Exposition d'Artistes Italian Contemporaines da ke Geneva, da kuma gasar Promotrice ta Turin. A shekarar 1928, ya yi baje kolin a gasar Venice Biennale .

A shekarar 1929, yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Gruppo dei Sei na Turin, ƙungiyar masu zane-zane masu ra'ayin bayyana ra'ayi waɗanda ke aiki galibi a Turin. An kafa ƙungiyar ne daga Jessie Boswell (1881–1956), Nicola Galante (1883–1969), Carlo Levi (1902–1975), Francesco Menzio (1899–1979), da Enrico Paulucci Delle Roncole (1901–1999). Ƙungiyar ta yi baje kolin tare na tsawon kimanin shekaru biyu, kuma ta wargaje bayan suka daga hukumomin mulkin kama karya. Ya ci gaba da baje kolin a farkon shekarun 1930, har zuwa mutuwarsa sakamakon tarin fuka a 1935, a Turin. Matar sa, kuma mahaifiyar 'ya'yansa biyu, daga baya ta auri Menzio. [1]

## Manazarta
Josep Collell

**Josep Collell** (18 ga Yuli, 1920 - 21 ga Yuli, 2011) ƙwararren mai zane ne na Catalan, mai gyaran yumbu, kuma malami, wanda ya fito daga Spain kuma yana zaune a Montevideo, Uruguay.  Ya kasance memba na makarantar fasaha ta Taller Torres García kuma a cikin 1955 ya ƙirƙiri, tare da matarsa Carmen Cano, **Taller Collell** (Collell Workshop) na yumbu inda suka koyar da dabarun yumbu, engobe mai ƙonewa tsawon shekaru talatin.  Ya kuma kira shi **José Collell** . 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Josep Collell a shekarar 1920, a Vic, Barcelona, Spain. [1] [2] Sha'awarsa ga zane da zane ta samo asali ne a Escola Municipal de DIbuix na Vic. A shekarar 1946 ya kasance memba na kafa "Els Vuit" (The Eight), ƙungiyar masu zane waɗanda suka raba irin wannan damuwa ta fasaha da kuma sha'awar gina gadoji tare da ƙarfin fasaha kafin Yaƙin Basasa na Spain .

* A shekarar 1950 ya isa Montevideo ya shiga Taller Torres-Garcia, a matsayin ɗalibin mai zane Julio Alpuy .
* A shekarar 1953, matarsa Carmen Cano ta je ta tarye shi.
* 1955 Ya buɗe tare da ita Taller Collell (TC) na yumbu a Montevideo. Ya ba da gudummawa don kafa Taller de Artes Plásticas na Maldonado (1958), ya koyar a cikin Taller de Artes Plásticas de Rocha (1962-1970) da kuma a cikin Museo Departamental de San José (1966).
* A shekarar 1961 ya yi tafiya tare da Carmen zuwa Spain kuma ya koyi dabarun amfani da enamel akan jan ƙarfe.
* 1967 Tare da ɗalibansa sun yi tafiya zuwa Bolivia da Peru.
* A shekarar 1970, Josep ya ziyarci Spain da Italiya. Ya yi sha'awar zane-zanen Italiya, ya sake ganin zane-zanen Romanesque na Catalan, sannan ya ziyarci Museo del Prado.
* 1977 Ya nuna kayan yumbu a Gidan Tarihi na Gordon na Buenos Aires
* A shekarar 1982, bisa ga buƙatar mai ginin gine-gine na Uruguay, Mario Payssé Reyes, ya yi allunan yumbu guda uku ga Ofishin Jakadancin Uruguay da ke Buenos Aires.
* 1985 Ya yi ritaya ya rufe Taller Collell. Tun daga lokacin ya sadaukar da kansa ga zane-zane. Daga 1986 zuwa 1991 Carmen Cano da Josefina Pezzino ne ke gudanar da TC.
* 1994 Tare da matarsa sun yi tafiyarsu ta ƙarshe zuwa Spain. Ya nuna zane-zane a cikin Vic da kuma a 1995 a Barcelona
* A shekarar 2000 Ya karɓi kyautar Premio Moroli ta tukwane kuma ya nuna zane-zane a Sala Figari da ke cikin Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores na Montevideo.
* 2008 An shirya ta El Colectivo Cerámica Uruguay ya karɓa, tare da masu fasahar yumbura Marco López Lomba, Tomás Cacheiro, Eva Díaz da José Gurvich, girmamawa ga aikinsa na yumbu.

## Manazarta
Anne Dangar

**Anne Dangar** (1 ga Disamba 1885 - 4 ga Satumba 1951) mai zane da tukwane ce 'yar ƙasar Australiya. 

## Rayuwa da horo
An haifi Dangar a Kempsey, wani gari da ke tsakiyar gabar tekun arewa maso gabashin New South Wales, 'yar Otho Dangar, wacce 'yar majalisar dokoki ce da Elizabeth Dangar. Daga 1906 Dangar ta yi karatun fasaha a Sydney tare da Horace Moore-Jones sannan ta yi karatu a Makarantar Fasaha ta Julian Ashton da ke Sydney. Dangar ta fara koyarwa a can a shekarar 1920, yayin da take kuma aiki a kamfanin buga littattafai na Angus &amp;amp; Robertson . 

A shekarar 1926, Dangar ta yi tafiya zuwa Faransa tare da kawarta kuma wakiliyarta Grace Crowley, kuma ta halarci Kwalejin André Lhote da ke Paris da kuma makarantar bazara da ke Mirmande . Dangar ta koma Sydney a shekarar 1929, amma ta sami adawa a Sydney ga salon da ta haɓaka a Faransa wanda ya yi tasiri ga masu zane- zane na cubist .   Kamar abokanta Dorrit Black da Grace Crowley, Dangar ta sami tasiri sosai daga ƙungiyoyin fasaha na zamani da na Cubist da ta fuskanta a Paris. 

Dangar ya koma Faransa a shekarar 1930 ya kuma koma Moly-Sabata [fr], wani yanki na masu fasaha wanda Albert Gleizes ya kafa. Koyarwar Gleizes ta yi tasiri sosai ga Dangar. Ta kuma yi aiki tare da masu yin tukwane na gida a garuruwan Saint-Desirat da Annonay da ke kusa. [1] Ta gudanar da wani baje koli a shekarar 1932 a Musée d'Annonay, a Annonay . [2] Ta ba da gudummawa ga ci gaba da fahimtar zamani, musamman cubism, a Ostiraliya ta hanyar wasiƙunta na shekaru 21 da Grace Crowley da sauran masu fasaha na Ostiraliya. [3] Crowley ta ajiye wasiƙun ta ba su ga ɗakin karatu na Mitchell [4] kuma Helen Topliss ta tattara su ta kuma gyara su. [5]

Wasikun da ta rubuta wa Grace Crowley sun bayyana abubuwa da yawa game da wahalhalun da Dangar ta sha wajen tallafa wa kanta da fasaharta a wannan lokacin.  Dangar ta yi tafiya zuwa Morocco a shekarar 1939 kuma ta yi watanni shida a Fez tana aiki tare da masu yin tukwane na gida da kuma koyo daga gare su. Duk da haka, rashin zaman lafiya na siyasa da barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu sun sa ta rage tafiyar kuma ta koma Faransa a shekarar 1940.

## Manazarta
Károly Doncsecz

**Károly Doncsecz** ( Slovene  , 30 ga Mayu 1918 - 12 ga Nuwamba 2002) ya kasance mai tukwane a ƙasar Slovenia a Hungary kuma a shekarar 1984 ya sami lambar yabo ta "Master of poetry art" saboda aikinsa. An haifi Doncsecz a Orfalu, ( Vas County ).

Ya kammala karatun digiri a Magyarszombatfa da Zalaegerszeg, Sümeg ( gundumar Zala ), bayan Szentgotthard .

Daga shekarar 1940 zuwa, Doncsecz ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki a Kétvölgy, (Vas County). Tun daga shekarun 1970, shi kaɗai ne mai tukwane na Slovene a Hungary. An gabatar da ayyukan tukwanensa a nune-nune da yawa a ko'ina cikin Hungary da Slovenia . Lokacin da yake raye, ƙungiyoyin tafiye-tafiye daga ƙasar Slovenia sau da yawa suna ziyartarsa a wurin bitarsa ta ketvölgyian, kuma Doncsecz ba wai kawai ya ba da labarin aikinsa ba, har ma da tarihin rayuwar Slovenia da yawa daga yankin Rába a cikin harshensa na asali.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Károly Doncsecz a Orfalu . Iyayensa manoma ne masu wadata waɗanda suka fito daga ƙasar Slovenia. Mahaifinsa, Károly Dancsecz (1894–1927) da mahaifiyarsa, Anna Talabér (1900–1920) an haife su ne a Orfalu. Yana da ɗan'uwa, István, wanda ya yi ƙaura zuwa Kanada kuma ya zauna a can a shekarun 1960 (Steve Doncsecz ya mutu a 2008).

'Yan'uwan sun rasa iyayensu tun suna ƙanana. Mahaifiyarsu ta rasu yayin da take haihuwa. Mahaifinsu ya mutu bayan shekaru bakwai sakamakon cutar huhu. Kakansu, István Dancsecz (1871–1932) ya rene 'yan'uwan na ɗan lokaci.

Lokacin da yake ƙarami, Károly yana aiki a wani injin jujjuyawa a Orfalu. Da farko yana son zama mai dinki amma ya saba da tukwane a Apátistvánfalva a wani mai tukwane mai suna Károly Kürnyek wanda ya ba da shawarar zaɓar wannan sana'ar. Ya je Magyarszombatfa yana ɗan shekara 15 a 1933. Ya kasance mai koyon János Zsohár na tsawon shekaru 3 kuma ya yi nazarin tushen sana'ar a nan. Daga baya, yawancin ayyukansa sun nuna kamanceceniya da salon tukwane na Magyarszombatfa. Wanda ya fi wahala shine Mowerjug ( *bugyogakorsó* ). Daga 1937 zuwa 1938 ya yi aiki a Lajos Németh a Zalaegerszeg, sannan ya je wurin István Adorján, wani mai tukwane wanda ke zaune a Sümeg. Ana tsammanin ya koyi tsarin Babban Fili a nan, kuma Balázs Badár (1854–1939), wani shahararren mai yin tukwane daga Mezőtúr ya yi masa tasiri. A cikin shekarun ya tattara tukwane daga Vendvidék, Őrség, Transdanubia (Dunántúl) da Babban Fili, kuma ya yi amfani da su a matsayin samfura. Daga baya ya nuna su a kan shiryayye a cikin shagonsa tare da tukwanensa na farko tare.

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Ƙarin shahararrun mutane: Károly Doncsecz
* Francek Mukič - Marija Kozar: Slovensko Porabje, Mohorjeva družba, Celje 1982.
* Kozar, Marija: *Mojster ljudske umetnosti – Karel Dončec* Slovenski koledar, Szombathely 1986.
* Mária Kozár: Etnološki slovar Slovencev na Madžarskem, Monošter-Szombathely, 1996. 
* Francek Mukič - Marija Kozar: Spoznavanje slovenstva, Croatica, Budapest 2002. ISBN&nbsp; &#x7B; {  : an yi watsi da kurakuran ISBN ( haɗi )
* Mária Kozár: Hungarian Slovenes, Press Publica, Canjin duniya,
Karl Drerup

**Karl Joseph Maria Drerup** (1904–2000)  ɗan ƙasar Amurka ne mai zane . An horar da shi a matsayin mai zane, Drerup ya koyar da kansa yadda ake yin enamel a farkon shekarun 1940, yana haɗa gilashi da ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da tsarin harbawa mai zafi . An san shi a matsayin mutum mai muhimmanci a tsakanin masu zane-zanen enamel waɗanda suka fito a Amurka a lokacin bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. 

## Rayuwa da horo na farko
An haifi Karl Drerup a shekarar 1904 a Borghorst, Westphalia, a yankin arewa maso yammacin Jamus, kuma an girma shi a gidan Katolika na Roman . A shekarar 1918, an tura shi da ɗan'uwansa zuwa makarantar sufaye ta Cistercian . A shekarar 1921 Drerup ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fannin fasaha, kuma duk da ƙin amincewar iyalinsa, ya halarci Kunstgewerbeschule a Münster, inda ya yi karatun zane da zane. Daga baya ya sami ƙarin horo kan buga littattafai da zane-zane daga Hans Meid da Karl Michel a Vereinigte Staatsschulen, Berlin, daga 1927 zuwa 1929. A Berlin ne Drerup ya fara ganin aikin mai zane mai suna Hanns Bastanier. 

A shekarar 1930, Drerup ya koma Florence don ci gaba da karatunsa tare da mai zane na Italiya Felice Carena a Accademia di Belle Arti daga 1930 zuwa 1933. A can ne ya haɗu da Gertrude Lifmann, wata ɗaliba da ke karatun harsuna, kuma daga baya ta zama matarsa. Yayin da yake Florence, Drerup ya fara gwada yumbu, yana koyon dabaru daban-daban daga masu sana'a da ke aiki a shaguna da ɗakunan studio na Florentine da yawa. 

A shekara ta 1934, shi da Gertrude sun yi aure suka ƙaura zuwa Madrid . Ganin cewa Gertrude Bayahude ne, kuma sha'awar nuna wariyar Yahudawa ta ƙaru a Turai, Drerups sun ƙaura zuwa Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, a Tsibirin Canary, a gefen gabar tekun arewa maso yammacin Afirka. Tsakanin 1934 da 1937, Drerup ya yi zane yayin da matarsa ke aiki a matsayin mai fassara. Zane-zane da zane-zanen da ya yi a Tenerife sau da yawa suna nuna rayuwar mazauna tsibirin da ba ta da matsala, suna aiki a gonaki da rana kuma suna kamun kifi da dare. Hotuna masu launi daga wannan lokacin mai ban sha'awa a rayuwar Drerup sun sake dawowa a duk tsawon aikinsa. [1]

## Manazarta
Debonnaire von Bismarck

**Countess Debonnaire Jane von Bismarck-Schönhausen** ( German   ; née **Patterson** ; an haife ta a ranar 19 ga Agusta 1959) 'yar kasuwa ce 'yar Ingila, mai gyaran gashi, kuma mai sha'awar zamantakewa.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An haifi Bismarck a ranar 19 ga Agusta, 1959 a matsayin ɗan fari ga Manjo William Garry Patterson, wani jami'in soja, da *kuma* Sandra Debonnaire Monson, 'yar John Roseberry Monson, Baron Monson na 10. Kawun mahaifiyarta shine John Monson, Baron Monson na 11. 

A shekarar 1977, an nuna Bismarck a bangon *mujallar Sunday Magazine ta The Daily Telegraph*, wadda ta yi bayani game da farkonta a cikin al'umma . 

A shekarar 1984 ta auri wani fitaccen Bajamushe, Count Leopold von Bismarck-Schönhausen (wanda aka haifa a shekarar 1951), ƙaramin ɗan Otto Christian Archibald, Yariman Bismarck da matarsa, Ann-Mari Tengbom . Suna da 'ya'ya maza huɗu: Nikolai, Tassilo, Caspar, da Carl. Nikolai ya daɗe yana da dangantaka da Kate Moss . 

## Sana'a
Bismarck ta kafa kamfanin Debonnaire, wanda take gudanarwa daga wani shagon sayar da kayayyaki a Knightsbridge, London. Kamfaninta yana sayar da kayan ado na mata na gargajiya da na ƙasashen duniya.   A shekarar 2014, bayan tafiya zuwa Indiya, ta fara samar da rigunan auduga da gajeren wando na dambe, sannan daga baya ta buɗe ɗakin nunin kayan Debonnaire. 

## Manazarta
Rex Benson (marubucin waƙa)

**Rex Benson** marubuci ne kuma mai buga waƙoƙi ɗan ƙasar Amurka wanda ya fi sha'awar kiɗan ƙasar .

Aikin Benson ya fara ne lokacin da ya rubuta waƙoƙinsa na farko a shekarar 1972 kuma ya girma tare da yarjejeniyar buga waƙoƙinsa na farko a shekarar 1979. Tun daga lokacin ya kafa REX BENSON MUSIC GROUP wanda ya haɗa da kamfanonin bugawa na ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin masu wasan kwaikwayo guda uku na Amurka Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI), American Society of Composers, Marubuta and Publishers (ASCAP), da Society of European Stage Authors and Composers (SESAC). Daga cikin ɗaruruwan waƙoƙin da Benson ke wakilta, an yi rikodin da yawa daga manyan mawakan rikodin da/ko kuma an sanya su cikin shirye-shirye a manyan hanyoyin sadarwar talabijin.

## Rubuta waƙa
Benson ya rubuta ko ya rubuta waƙoƙi tare ga mawakan rekodi Kenny Rogers, Garth Brooks, Tammy Wynette, Don Williams, Joe Diffie, The Oak Ridge Boys, Mel Tillis, Bobby Vinton, Chesapeake (ƙungiyar mawaka), Linda Ronstadt, Rich McCready, Scott Joss, Shirley Myers da sauransu. Ya kuma rubuta waƙoƙin asali na shirin talabijin na Disney Channel *Dumbo's Circus* . 

Wakokin Benson sun haɗa da "Unto You This Night" (wanda Garth Brooks ya rubuta     ); "Glass Houses" (wanda Tammy Wynette ya rubuta tare da Joe Diffie   ); "Ged of Roses" (wanda Chesapeake ya rubuta tare da Linda Ronstadt,   wanda Kenny Rogers ya rubuta tare da Linda Davis,  wanda Mel Tillis ya rubuta,  wanda Bobby Vinton ya rubuta  ); "Healing Hands" (wanda Don Williams ya rubuta    ); da kuma "What That Means" (wanda Kenny Rogers ya rubuta tare da Brad Paisley  ).

### Haɗin gwiwar rubuta waƙa
Benson ya haɗu da haɗin gwiwar rubuce-rubuce kuma ya yi aiki tare da Steve Gillette na tsawon shekaru sama da 15; an rubuta waƙoƙin "Unto You This Night", "Glass Houses", "Bed of Roses" da "Healing Hands" duk tare da haɗin gwiwar Gillette. Sauran marubutan da Rex ya rubuta tare da su sun haɗa da Edgar Struble, Earl Clark, Tony Stephens, Fran Holliday, Scott Wray, Buddy Cannon, Lee Bogan, Tim Veazey, Chris Cummings, Scott Eversoll, da Randy Bachman .

## manazarta
Dora Dolz

**Dora Dolz de Herman** ( Barcelona, 5 Nuwamba 1941 - Rotterdam, 1 Maris 2008)  yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Sipaniya-Dutch, wacce aka fi sani da ayyukanta na yumbu a waje a cikin nau'in kujeru da sofas.

## Rayuwa da aiki
Dolz ta girma a Barcelona, inda mahaifinta yake da rumfa a kasuwar ƙura. A shekarar 1965 ta ƙaura zuwa Netherlands lokacin da mijinta yake son yin digirin digirgir a fannin tattalin arziki a Cibiyar Tinbergen .  Tsakanin 1967 da 1971 ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Rotterdam,  inda ita ma malamar makaranta ce tun daga shekarun 1980.

A matsayinta na mai zane Dolz galibi tana samar da zane-zane, yumbu, kayan gilashi, da kafet, waɗanda galibi ana ɗaukar su a cikin launuka masu haske. Jigogi masu maimaitawa (leitmotifs) a cikin waɗannan ayyukan sune haihuwa, rayuwa, wahala da mutuwa. [1] Ayyukanta suna cikin tarin Gidan Tarihi na Boijmans Van Beuningen da ke Rotterdam da Gidan Tarihi na Fundatie ( Heino ). Akwai sassaka ta a tsakiyar Rotterdam, Rotterdam West, [undefined] [2] [3] Rotterdam North, Capelle aan den IJssel, Schiedam, Tiel da Groningen.

A shekarar 1988 Dotz ta sami kyautar Victorine Heftingprijs, kuma a watan Janairun 2008, gwamnatin Rotterdam ta ba ta lambar yabo ta Wolfert van Borselen. An ba ta kyautar Judith Leysterze sau uku, karo na uku a shekarar 1992. 

'Yarta ita ce mai shirya fina-finai Sonia Herman Dolz, wadda a shekarar 2005 ta yi wani fim game da ita mai suna *Portrait of Dora Dolz* .  

## Nunin nune-nune, zaɓi

* 1973. Gallery 't Venster, Rotterdam.  
* 1975. *Salon der Maassteden,* Stedelijk Museum Schiedam . 
* 1975. Dora Dolz da Guus de Ruyter, De Doelen Rotterdam. 
* 1977. Gallery da Costa, Amsterdam 
* 1981. Hotunan Alto, Rotterdam. 
* 1986. *Salon DT' EEN,* Gallery De lachende Koe, Rotterdam.  
* 1987. *Leda en de Zwaan,* Gallery De lachende Koe Rotterdam 
* 1992. *Keramisch werk en schilderijen van Dora Dolz,* Noordbrabants Museum, 's-Hertogenbosch. 
* 2005. *Galerij Erasmus*, Complex Hoboken, Rotterdam. 
* 2007-08. *Boijmans Van Beuningen*, Rotterdam. 

## Hotunan Hotuna

Fayil:Capelle_kunstwerk_houten_appel.jpg|alt=Wooden apple (1978), Reigerlaan, Capelle aan den IJssel (along with Kees Franse)| Itace apple (1978), Reigerlaan, Capelle aan den IJssel (tare da Kees Franse )
Fayil:Pagode_Catalana.JPG| Pagode Catalana (1978), Haarlem.
Fayil:Vloerplastiek_Dora_Dolz_Poortweg_UMCG.jpg|alt=Floor mosaic, Groningen| Mosaic na bene, Groningen
Fayil:Wandmozaïek_Dora_Dolz_Poortweg_UMCG.jpg|alt=Wall mosaic, Groningen| Mosaic bango, Groningen
Fayil:Klokkenstoel_Dora_Dolz.JPG|alt=Clock-chair (1990), Tiel| *Kujerar Agogo* (1990), Tiel
Fayil:Wassenaar_kunstwerk_vanitas.jpg| Vanitas, Wassenaar.


## Manazarta
Merran Esson

**Merran Esson** (1950–2022) ƙwararriyar mai gyaran yumbu ce ta ƙasar Ostiraliya wadda aka fi sani da kayan yumbu masu launuka iri-iri da ƙasar New South Wales da kuma yanayin birane na Sydney suka yi tasiri a kansu.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Esson a shekarar 1950 a Tumbarumba, a ƙasar New South Wales .  A farkon shekarunta, lura da yadda ta yi game da karo da yanayin ƙasa da kuma yadda ɗan adam ke shiga tsakani yayin da take shawagi a kan jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu da mahaifinta ya taimaka sosai ga aikinta a ƙarshen rayuwa. 

A shekarar 1973, an gabatar da ita ga sana'ar tukwane a Bendigo Pottery kuma salon fasahar mai sassaka tukwane na Australiya, Marea Gazzard, ta yi tasiri a kanta. 

A shekarar 1974 ta halarci makarantar fasaha a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Caulfield, inda ta sami Difloma a fannin Fasaha da Zane  kuma a shekarar 1983 ta sami tallafin ci gaban bita daga Hukumar Sana'o'i ta Majalisar Ostiraliya . 

## Sana'a
Tafiyar Esson ta fasaha ta samo asali ne daga abubuwan da ta fuskanta a aikace da kuma sha'awarta game da sauyin abu na yumbu. [1] Tun tana ƙarama a yankin New South Wales, fasaharta ta samu tasiri daga lura da karo tsakanin mutane da yanayi a lokacin yarinta.

Haɗa ayyukan yumbu na gargajiya da jigogi na zamani, da kuma amfani da sakamakon harbi da ba a zata ba, ya sa Esson ta gwada sabbin kayan aiki don cimma tasirin da ya dace. 

Da take magana a wata hira a shekarar 2016, Esson ta bayyana yadda ta ji daɗin tsarin warware matsaloli da ke tattare da ƙirƙira da laka:

## Manazarta
Pippin Drysdale

**Pippin Drysdale** (an haife ta a ranar 18 ga Mayu 1943) ƙwararriyar mai zane ce ta yumbu kuma malamar fasaha ta Australiya. Ana ɗaukarta a matsayin babbar mai fassara yanayin ƙasar Australiya a fannin yumbu. Ayyukanta sun shahara da ƙarfin launuka da alamomin layi waɗanda ke fassara alaƙar mai zane da yanayin ƙasar Australiya.  An san ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Taskar Rayuwa ta Jihar Yammacin Australiya a shekarar 2015.   Ita ce mai zane-zanen yumbu mafi samun kuɗi a Australiya. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Drysdale a Melbourne a shekarar 1943 a cikin iyali mai arziki, kuma ya girma a Perth tun yana ɗan shekara uku.  Mahaifinta, John Hastings "Bunny" Carew-Reid, ɗan kasuwa ne mai nasara kuma mai haɓaka gidaje. [ 5 ] Tun tana ƙarama ta sami darussan fasaha daga William Boissevain . A makaranta, ta yi fice a fannin fasaha, amma ta yi fama da wasu fannoni saboda matsalar gani da ba a gano ba, wanda, duk da cewa daga ƙarshe ta gano kuma ta gyara tun tana ɗan shekara 12, ya sa ta zama mai tawaye a lokacin ƙuruciyarta. [ 5 ] Ta gaza samun takardar shaidar kammala karatunta ta ƙaramar sakandare a Kwalejin Mata ta Methodist, Perth . Bayan ta bar makaranta, ta halarci kwalejin kasuwanci, inda aka kore ta, sannan ta sami kwalejin fasaha, inda ta gaza samun dukkan fannoni. [ 6 ] Sannan ta yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a kamfanin mahaifinta a matsayin mai buga rubutu, sannan a matsayin sakatare a Canberra, sannan ta yi aiki na musamman a Ingila na tsawon shekara guda, kuma ta yi tafiya a duk faɗin Turai . Bayan ta koma Ostiraliya a farkon shekarun 1960, ta koma Melbourne, ta auri Christopher Drysdale a shekarar 1967 (ta sake aure a shekarar 1972), [ 7 ] kuma ta haifi ɗa, Jason. A Melbourne ta fara sayar da zane-zane (an sayar da furannin takarda na Mexico a matsayin "Furan Pip").  Ta koma Fremantle, Perth a shekarun 1970, kuma ta fara kasuwanci mai nasara wajen sayar da ganye . Ta hanyar dangantaka da wani mai tukwane wanda ke yin gine-ginen yumbu don ganyenta, Drysdale ta fara gano yumbu. Wannan ya haifar da samun Digiri na Ci gaba a fannin Zane-zane a Makarantar Fasaha da Zane ta Yammacin Ostiraliya a shekarar 1982, sannan ta yi tafiya zuwa Amurka a shekarar 1982 inda ta yi karatu tare da Daniel Rhodes da Toshiko Takaezu a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Anderson Ranch. Rhodes ya ƙarfafa ta ta ci gaba da karatunta a matakin jami'a; Takaezu ta gaya mata ta yi watsi da al'adu ta ƙirƙiri nata hankali da dabarun don dacewa da muhallinta. [ 8 ] Bayan ya dawo Australia, Drysdale ya sami digirin farko na Fasaha (Fine Art) a Jami'ar Curtin a shekarar 1986. [ 9 ]

Bayan kammala karatunta, ta yi aiki kuma ta yi karatu a Grazia Deruta Majolica Pottery, ƙungiyar masu fasaha ta Rasha, Jami'ar Jihar Tomsk da Cibiyar Fasaha da Kerawa ta Banff . [ 10 ]

## Manazarta
Charles Barker Wheeler

**Charles Barker Wheeler** (Disamba 27, 1851 - Nuwamba 21, 1935) alkali ne ɗan Amurka daga New York. Ya yi aiki a matsayin alkali na Kotun Koli ta New York daga 1906 zuwa 1921.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Charles Barker Wheeler a ranar 27 ga Disamba, 1851, a Poplar Ridge, New York, ga Jane (née Barker) da Cyrenus Wheeler Jr. Mahaifinsa ƙwararren mai ƙera kayan girbi ne kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin magajin garin Auburn .    Ya halarci makarantar gundumar da ke Poplar Ridge, ya girma a Auburn kuma ya kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Auburn a 1869.    Ya kammala karatunsa daga Kwalejin Williams a 1873 tare da digiri na farko a fannin Fasaha . Ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar Alpha Delta Phi . Ya yi karatun lauya a ofishin Sprague & Gorham sannan daga baya ya zama jami'ar Sprague, Gorham & Bacon a Buffalo . An shigar da shi mashaya a mashaya a 1876.  

## Sana'a
Wheeler ya fara aikin lauya a Buffalo. Daga nan ya yi aiki tare da Sherman S. Rogers da Franklin D. Locke. Ya kasance memba na kamfanin Bowen, Rogers & Locke. A shekara ta 1884, ya buɗe nasa aikin lauya kuma ya yi aiki a can har zuwa 1906.    Ya kasance memba na Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan Jama'a ta Karamar Hukuma daga 1889 zuwa murabus dinsa a 1899 kuma ya kasance shugaban hukumar na tsawon shekaru takwas.    Ya sake shiga hukumar a 1902 kuma ya yi ritaya a watan Fabrairun 1905.  

A shekarar 1906, an zaɓe shi a matsayin memba na hukumar haraji ta musamman don ya bincika da kuma bayar da rahoto kan tsarin haraji na New York.  A ranar 28 ga Nuwamba, 1906, Gwamna Frank W. Higgins ya naɗa shi a matsayin alkali don cike gurbin da aka bai wa Kotun Koli ta New York (yankin shari'a na 8) bayan murabus ɗin Daniel J. Kenefick . A shekarar 1907, jam'iyyun Republican da Democrat sun zaɓe shi kuma aka zaɓe shi zuwa wa'adin aiki na yau da kullun na shekaru 14.    Ya yi ritaya a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 1921, saboda ƙayyadadden shekarunsa. A ranar 3 ga Janairu, 1922, an naɗa shi a matsayin alkali na hukuma a kotun. Ya ci gaba da wannan aikin har zuwa mutuwarsa.  

## manazarta
Sophie van der Does na Willebois

Jkvr. **Johanna Maria Sophia (Sophie) van der Do de Willebois** ('s-Hertogenbosch, 26 Nuwamba 1891 - Utrecht, 11 Maris 1961) ɗan ƙasar Holland ceramist. 

## Rayuwa da aiki
Van der Does de Willebois ta yi karatu a Rijksakademie van beeldende kunsten a Amsterdam, inda ta ɗauki darussan zane daga Richard Roland Holst . A shekarar 1919 ta auri Adriaan van Stolk (1883-1926). [1] Ta ƙaura tare da shi zuwa Tsibirin Canary. Sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu tare, Jan van Stolk, wanda daga baya ya zama mai yin yumbu, da Romualda Bogaerts, wanda ya zama mai sassaka. A shekarar 1925, iyalin suka ƙaura zuwa Italiya, inda suka zauna a Vietri sul Mare . Van der Does ta sayi masana'antar gida a maiolica . Bayan mutuwar mijinta a shekarar 1926, ta yi aiki tare da Luigi de Lerma na Italiya (1907-1965) [2] a kamfanin.

Van der Does ya soke kamfanin a shekarar 1928, ya kuma ƙaura da yaran zuwa Netherlands. Lerma ta zama darektan "Ceramica Icara" a Rhodes. A shekarar 1930 Van der Does ta ƙaura zuwa Rhodes, inda ta auri De Lerma.  A shekarar 1934, iyalin suka zauna a can baya a Netherlands a Groenekan, inda ita da mijinta suka fara aikin tukwane.  Sun ƙware a cikin kayan abinci masu ado da kifi, tsuntsaye da tsire-tsire. Van der Does kuma ya yi wasu sassaka na siffofi mata.

Van der Does memba ne na Ƙungiyar Fasaha da Sana'o'in Holland (VANK) da ƙungiyar Zane da Zane ta Kunstliefde a Utrecht. 

## Manazarta
Charles Barker (mai tallatawa)

**Charles Barker** (1791–1859) wakilin talla ne na Ingila .

An haifi Charles Barker a Durham a shekarar 1791, ɗan lauya. Yana aiki a matsayin manzon Sarki a Faransa, ya koma Ingila a shekarar 1812, inda ya kawo labarin gudun hijirar Napoleon daga Moscow . Maimakon ya isar da labarin kai tsaye ga Sarki, Charles ya isar da labarin ga Nathan Mayer Rothschild, wanda ya yi amfani da ilimin da aka samu wajen yin kisan kai a Kasuwar Hannun Jari .

A madadin haka, Rothschild ya sanya Charles a cikin harkokin kasuwanci, yana tallata haja a *jaridar The Times* - ƙaramin matakin ɗaya daga cikin kamfanonin talla na farko a duniya. Hukumar ta ci gaba har zuwa yau a matsayin babbar hukumar talla a birnin Landan . 'Ya'yansa maza sun bi shi zuwa harkar kuma sun ba da labarin abubuwa da yawa. Ya mutu a shekara ta 1859.

An kafa hukumar a shekarar 1986 kuma ta fara canza sunanta zuwa BNB Resources a shekarar 1989 sannan daga baya ta koma BNB Recruitment Solutions a shekarar 2004. A ranar 29 ga watan Yunin 2009, Barkers Group Ltd. ta fara gudanar da harkokin gudanarwa. Kamfanin Penna PLC ne ya sayi kasuwancin da kadarorin  kuma a halin yanzu kamfanin yana ci gaba da kasuwanci a matsayin "Penna Communications" wanda ya ƙware a tallan daukar ma'aikata tare da abokan ciniki daban-daban na gwamnati da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Yana samar da tallan manema labarai na gargajiya, ayyukan waje, rediyo, talabijin da ayyukan dijital.

## Manazarta
Barney Ross

**Barney Ross** (an haife shi **Dov-Ber "Beryl" David Rosofsky** ; Disamba 23, 1909 - Janairu 17, 1967) ƙwararren ɗan dambe ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka. Ross ya gudanar da gasar zakarun duniya a sassa uku na nauyi daga nauyi mai sauƙi zuwa nauyi mai nauyi, kuma tsohon soja ne mai hazaka a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu .  An shigar da shi cikin Ɗakin Shahararrun Dambe na Duniya a matsayin wani ɓangare na ajin farko a 1990.  A zamaninsa, an san shi da **Alfaharin Ghetto** . 

Da farko an san Ross a matsayin mai faɗa, ya shiga ƙungiyar 'yan daba ta gida tun yana matashi, yana gudanar da ayyuka tare da Jack Ruby (wanda daga baya ya shahara a duniya saboda kisan Lee Harvey Oswald ) don ɗan daba Al Capone . 

Daga baya Ross ya yi fice bayan ya zama ƙwararre a dambe, inda ya zama ɗan dambe na uku a tarihi da ya lashe kambun duniya a cikin rukuni uku na nauyi, na farko a zamanin " Queensberry Rules " da ya lashe gasar a cikin azuzuwan nauyi biyu a lokaci guda,  kuma wasu suna ganin shi ne zakaran duniya na farko a lokaci guda mai rukuni uku.   An ba shi suna a mujallar  Fighter of the Year a 1934  da 1935, kuma ya karɓi kyautar Edward J. Neil ta BWAA a 1942.  A cikin aikinsa na ƙwararru na yaƙi 81, Ross bai taɓa yin rashin nasara ba. 

Bayan aikinsa na dambe, Ross ya shiga Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa ta Amurka a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu . Yayin da yake jin rauni a lokacin sintiri na dare, Ross shi kaɗai ya riƙe wani hari na Japan, inda ya kashe sojoji 22 kuma ya ceci wani abokin aikinsa na Marine.  Saboda jarumtarsa, an ba Ross lambar yabo ta Silver Star, Purple Heart, da kuma lambar yabo ta Presidential Unit Ambato, da sauransu. 

## Rayuwa ta farko
Dov-Ber (ko Beryl)  An haifi Rosofsky a birnin New York ga Isidore "Itchik" Rosofsky da Sarah Epstein Rosofsky. Mahaifinsa malamin Talmud ne wanda ya yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka daga asalin ƙasarsa Brest-Litovsk bayan da ya tsira daga kisan gillar da aka yi masa .  Daga nan sai iyalin suka ƙaura daga New York zuwa Chicago . Isidore ya zama malamin addini kuma mamallakin ƙaramin shagon kayan lambu a unguwar Maxwell Street da ke Chicago, wani ghetto na Yahudawa mai cike da kuzari kamar na Lower East Side na New York na shekarun 1920 da 1930. An rene Dov-Ber don ya bi sawunsa. 

Matashin Rasofsky ya girma a titunan Chicago, daga ƙarshe ya yi watsi da sha'awar mahaifinsa na ya zama malamin addini da gargaɗinsa cewa Yahudawa kada su yi amfani da tashin hankali. "  Bari 'yan *tawaye* su zama mayaka, '  Ross daga baya ya tuna cewa mahaifinsa ya gaya masa. "  Yan trombeniks, masu kisan kai—mu ne malamai. '   Burin Ross a rayuwa shine ya zama malamin Yahudawa kuma malamin Talmud, amma rayuwarsa ta canza har abada lokacin da aka harbe mahaifinsa har lahira yana adawa da fashi a ƙaramin kantinsa.  Saboda baƙin ciki, mahaifiyarsa Sarah ta sha wahala a cikin damuwa kuma ƙannensa—Ida, Sam da George—an sanya su a gidan marayu ko kuma an yi musu noma ga sauran danginsu.  An bar Dov cikin dabararsa yana ɗan shekara 14.

## manazarta
Arne Hendriksen

**Arne Olav Weiglin Hendriksen** (1 Janairu 1911 - 5 Nuwamba 1996) mawakin zane-zanen yumbu na Norway-Sweden ne kuma mawaƙin opera (tenor). 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Hendriksen a Berlin, Jamus. An horar da shi a matsayin mai zane-zanen yumbu, amma yana da baiwar waƙa. Bayan ya yi karatu tare da Karl Aagard Østvig (1889–1968), ya fara fitowa a Christiania (yanzu Oslo) a 1938. Ya shiga gidan wasan kwaikwayo na ƙasa a 1940, ya yi aiki a Den Nationale Scene da ke Bergen daga 1942 zuwa 1946, kafin ya koma Sweden, inda ya rera waƙoƙi kusan arba'in a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Stockholm Opera daga 1947 zuwa 1964. Waɗannan sun haɗa da rawar da ya taka a karon farko a Nemorino da Mozart, wanda ya kai shi ga Italian Bel canto da Herod a *Salome* . Ya bayyana a wasu lokutan a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na ƙasa na Norway da Ballet kuma ya ji daɗin nasara a matsayin babban jarumi a cikin *The Tales of Hoffmann* a 1954, da kuma a wasu shirye-shiryen. Ya kuma bayyana a Volksoper da ke Vienna kuma ya yi rangadin Amurka. Ya yi rikodin Don José da Iopas kuma ya fito a fim ɗin Ingmar Bergman na 1975 *mai suna The Magic Flute* .

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Shi ɗan mai fasaha ne Ulrik Hendriksen (1891–1960) kuma ya auri Anne Margrethe, wacce jikanyar Ole Bull ce. Ɗansu shi ne mai shirya wasan opera Knut Hendriksen (1944–2020). Hendriksen ya mutu a Täby da ke Stockholm. [1]

## Manazarta
Robert Atkinson (masanin ilimin harshe)

**Robert Atkinson** (6 ga Afrilu 1839 - 10 ga Janairu 1908) ƙwararren masanin ilimin Ingilishi-Irish ne, wanda aka sani da masanin ilimin falsafa kuma masanin rubutu.

## Rayuwa
An haife shi a Gateshead a ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 1839, ɗan John Atkinson ne kaɗai, wanda matarsa Ann ke kasuwanci a wurin. Bayan ya yi karatu a makarantar nahawu ta Anchorage kusa da gidansa daga 1849 zuwa 1856, ya yi karatun digiri a Kwalejin Trinity, Dublin, a ranar 2 ga Yuli, 1856. Ya yi shekarun 1857 da 1858 galibi a Liège . Bayan dawowarsa Ireland, ya yi aiki a matsayin malamin makaranta a Kilkenny har sai da ya sami tallafin karatu na Kwalejin Trinity a 1862. Ya kammala karatun digiri na BA a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 1863, MA a 1866, da kuma LL.D. a 1869. A 1891 ya sami digirin girmamawa na D.Litt. 

A shekara ta 1869, Atkinson ya zama farfesa a jami'a a harsunan Romance, kuma daga shekara ta 1871 har zuwa lokacin da ya kusa mutuwa shi ma ya kasance shugaban Sanskrit da kuma ilimin falsafar kwatantawa. Ya koyar da harsunan Romance amma kuma ya koyar da harsunan Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu, da sauran harsunan Indiya. Ya kasance masanin Ibrananci, kuma ya san harsunan Farisanci, Larabci, da wasu harsunan Tsakiya da Yammacin Asiya. A shekarunsa na ƙarshe ya yi karatun Sinanci.  Daga cikin ɗalibansa akwai George Abraham Grierson, wanda ya ba da rahoton sha'awar Atkinson a fannin fasahar yaƙi, ciki har da *jujutsu* . 

A ranar 11 ga Janairu, 1876, aka zaɓi Atkinson a matsayin memba na Royal Irish Academy, kuma a watan Maris ya zama memba na majalisarta. A shekara ta 1876, aka zaɓe shi a matsayin mai kula da laburare. Sakataren majalisar daga 1878 zuwa 1901, an zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ƙasa. A halin yanzu, a shekara ta 1884, ya kasance farfesa Todd na harsunan Celtic a makarantar, inda ya gabatar da lacca ta farko kan ƙamus na Irish a ranar 13 ga Afrilu, 1885.  Tasirinsa yana kan hanyar wani aikin ƙamus mai tsada, wanda yanzu ake ɗaukarsa a matsayin babba, kuma wanda ya sami ci gaba ne kawai lokacin da Carl Marstrander ya shiga tsakani.  A kusan shekara ta 1899, Atkinson ya shiga cikin takaddama tsakanin Douglas Hyde da John Pentland Mahaffy kan darajar adabin Irish na Farko, wanda ya ƙima ƙasa.  A lokacin da yake ba da rahoto ga hukumar ilimin sakandare, ya kai hari ga abubuwan al'adu, musamman (ta hanyar nuna) *Silva Gadelica*, kuma an zarge shi da ɗaukar matsayin siyasa a kan layin Gaelic League . 

Atkinson kuma ƙwararren mai shukar tsirrai ne kuma mai goge mai son wasa. A shekarar 1907 lafiyarsa ta yi tsami. Ya mutu a ranar 10 ga Janairu, 1908 a gidansa, Clareville, Rathmines, kusa da Dublin, kuma an binne shi a makabartar Waltonwrays, Skipton, Yorkshire.

## Manazarta
Robert Atkinson (ɗan kasuwa)

**Sir Robert Atkinson**, DSC & Ma'aikatan Bars Biyu , RD , FREng (7 Maris 1916 - 25 Janairu 2015) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan Birtaniya kuma jami'in rundunar sojojin ruwa ta Royal Navy . Ya yi aiki a rundunar sojojin ruwa ta Royal Navy a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta Distinguished Service Cross sau uku. Daga baya, ya kasance ɗan kasuwa da ke da hannu a gina jiragen ruwa kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Masu Gina Jiragen Ruwa na Burtaniya daga 1980 zuwa 1984. 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Atkinson a ranar 7 ga Maris 1916 a Tynemouth, Ingila.   Yana ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'ya maza uku da aka haifa wa Nicholas Ridley Atkinson, injiniyan gine-gine tare da Hukumar Inganta Tynemouth, da matarsa Margaret.   Ya yi karatu a makarantar nahawu,  sannan ya yi karatun injiniya a Jami'ar Landan . 

Babban ɗan'uwansa shine Farfesa James Atkinson, wanda firist ne na Cocin Ingila kuma ƙwararre a fannin Martin Luther da Gyaran Furotesta .  Ɗan'uwansa ya mutu a watan Maris na 1943 bayan nutsewar wani jirgin ruwa na kasuwanci da yake hidima a kai. An harba shi da torpedo kuma Robert yana kusa da jirgin ɗan'uwansa don jin sautin gaggawa ta rediyon jirginsa amma bai kusa isa ba kafin ya nutse. 

## Aikin soja
Bayan kammala karatunsa na jami'a, Atkinson ya shiga Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa ta Royal .  An ɗaukaka shi daga mukaddashin mataimakin laftanar zuwa ƙaramin laftanar a ranar 13 ga Agusta 1939.  Babban kwamandansa na farko shine jirgin ruwa mai zaman kansa da ake buƙata, , wanda ya yi tafiya daga Burtaniya zuwa Gibraltar . Daga nan, zai gudanar da ayyukan da ba bisa ƙa'ida ba a Tekun Bahar Rum . Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan aikin shine kwace wani jirgin ruwan Italiya da ke ɗauke da mai daga jiragen sama, wanda daga nan ya koma Birtaniya. Daga baya ya bayyana aikin da aka yi wa ƙasar da ba ta shiga Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ba, a matsayin 'aikin fashin teku tsantsa '.  A ranar 23 ga Satumba, 1940, an ɗaukaka shi zuwa Laftanar kuma an ba shi matsayi na musamman daga 1 ga Mayu, 1940. 

An ba shi lambar yabo ta farko ta Distinguished Service Cross a shekarar 1941. Shi ne na biyu a cikin shugabannin , wani , kuma yana da hannu a cikin aikin rakiyar ayarin motoci mai haɗari.  Ya karɓi jagorancin wani corvette na aji na Flower-class, , a shekarar 1942 kuma ya raka manyan ayarin motoci guda uku masu mahimmanci, ciki har da ONS 5 a bazara ta 1943. An ba shi lambar yabo ta DSC ta biyu saboda ayyukansa a lokacin wannan aikin, wanda ya haɗa da yiwuwar nutsewar jirgin ruwa na U-boat .  Ya sami lambar yabo ta uku a shekarar 1945 saboda nutsewar jirgin ruwa na Jamus mai suna U-878 a cikin   . 

## manazarta
Bobs Cogill Haworth

**Barbara "Bobs" Cogill Haworth** RCA   (1900 - 1988) 'yar ƙasar Kanada ce mai zane da tukwane, haifaffiyar Afirka ta Kudu. Ta yi aiki a Toronto, inda take zaune da aiki tare da mijinta, mai zane da kuma malaminta Peter Haworth . Ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar masu zane ta Kanada tare da Yvonne McKague Housser, Isabel McLaughlin da kuma membobin ƙungiyar Bakwai .

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Barbara Zema Vera Cogill a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 1900, a Queenston, Afirka ta Kudu .

Ta yi karatu a Makarantar Zane ta Kwalejin Fasaha ta Royal da ke Landan, Ingila tare da Farfesa William Rothenstein, Dora Billington, da Eric Gill, waɗanda suka ƙware a fannin tukwane (1919–1923).  Ta yi ƙaura zuwa Toronto, Ontario, Kanada a shekarar 1923.

Ta auri Peter Haworth. Haworths suna zaune ne a gundumar Rosedale mai tsada a Toronto. Gidansu wani wuri ne na masu fasaha da ke gudanar da tarurruka na yau da kullun da ƙananan nune-nune.

## Kwamitocin aiki da na hukuma
Daga 1913 zuwa 1968 ta yi aiki a matsayin mai zane a fannin launin ruwa, mai, sannan daga baya a fannin acrylic. Ta kuma yi amfani da yumbu na yau da kullun don ayyukan tukwane. Yawancin ayyukanta an sanya musu suna "B. Cogill Haworth" ko "Bobs Cogill Haworth". Haworth ta fi son jigogi na shimfidar wuri da jigogi na yanayin ruwa amma kuma ta yi aiki a cikin zane-zane marasa manufa, wasu a manyan sikelin. Yawancin zane-zanenta bayan 1950 an ƙirƙira su ne a kan masonite kuma galibi ana sanya musu alama a gaba da baya; sau da yawa tare da lakabin takarda na mai zane.

## Manazarta
Amalienborg

**Amalienborg** (  ) shine gidan sarauta na gidan sarautar Denmark kuma yana cikin Copenhagen . Gidan sarauta na Frederick VIII yana da fuskoki huɗu iri ɗaya na gargajiya, galibi manyan gidaje huɗu, tare da cikin gidan Rococo, waɗanda aka shimfida a kusa da farfajiyar octagonal ( Danish   ). A tsakiya akwai wani babban mutum-mutumin dawaki na Frederick V. An gina Amalienborg ne don iyalai huɗu masu daraja, amma bayan da aka ƙone Fadar Christiansborg a shekarar 1794, iyalan sarki suka sayi gidajen sarauta suka ƙaura. Tsawon shekaru, sarakuna daban-daban da iyalansu sun zauna a wurin, ciki har da Sarki Frederik X na yanzu da Sarauniya Mary .

## Tarihi

### Fadace-fadace na farko a wurin

An gina gundumar Frederiksstaden a tsohon filin wasu manyan fada guda biyu. Ana kiran fadar farko Sophie Amalienborg . Sarauniya Sophie Amalie, matar Frederick III, ce ta gina ta a wani ɓangare na ƙasar da surukinta Christian na huɗu ya mallaka a wajen tsohon birnin Copenhagen mai ganuwa, wanda yanzu ake kira gundumar Indre By, a farkon ƙarni na 17 lokacin da yake sarki. An yi amfani da wasu sassan ƙasar don Rosenborg Castle, Nyboder, da sabon katangar Gabas mai ƙarfi da ke kewaye da tsohon birnin.

Ya haɗa da lambu, wanda aka maye gurbinsa da "Lambun Sarauniya" wanda yake a bayan ƙofar yamma ta birnin *Vesterport*, wani yanki da a yau ake kira Vesterbro, kuma an lalata shi a ƙarƙashin mamayar da Sweden ta yi masa a shekarar 1659 .

An fara aikin gina lambun a shekarar 1664, kuma an gina gidan sarautar daga shekarar 1669 zuwa 1673. Sarki ya rasu a shekarar 1670, kuma Sarauniya Dowager ta zauna a wurin har zuwa rasuwarta a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, 1685.

Shekaru huɗu bayan haka a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 1689, ɗan Sophie Amalie, Christian V, ya yi bikin cika shekaru arba'in da huɗu a fadar tare da gabatar da wani wasan opera na Jamus, wataƙila wasan opera na farko a Denmark, a cikin wani gidan wasan kwaikwayo na wucin gadi da aka gina musamman. Gabatarwar ta yi nasara sosai, kuma an maimaita ta kwanaki kaɗan bayan haka a ranar 19 ga Afrilu. Duk da haka, nan da nan bayan fara wasan kwaikwayo na biyu, an kama wani kayan ado na dandamali, wanda ya sa gidan wasan kwaikwayo da fadar suka ƙone kurmus, kuma kimanin mutane 180 suka mutu.

## manazarta