Constance Mabel Winchell

**Constance Mabel Winchell** (Nuwamba 2,1896 - Mayu 23, 1983)ma'aikaciyar dakin karatu ne Ba'amurke. Winchell ta yi aiki a Jami'ar Columbia tsawon shekaru talatin da takwas kafin ta yi ritaya a 1962.An fi tunawa da ita don fitar da bugu na bakwai da na takwas na *Jagoran Littattafan Magana* .A cikin 1999,*Dakunan karatu na Amurka* sun hada da Constance Winchell a cikin jerin mutane 100 da suka fi tasiri a fagen dakin karatu da kimiyyar bayanai.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Constance Winchell a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba, shekarar alif dari takwas da casa'in da shida miladiyya 1896. Iyalinta sun zauna a Northampton, Massachusetts .Abin takaici,mahaifin Winchell ya mutu da wuri, lokacin da Constance yana dan shekara bakwai kawai.  Wannan ya bar mahaifiyarta a matsayin mai ba da sabis na Winchell da 'yan uwanta uku.  Duk da wadannan matsalolin,ilimin Winchell bai taba yin hadari ba.

Iyalin Winchell sun daraja koyo da ilimi. Yawancin 'yan uwanta sun kammala karatun jami'a kuma malamai,duk da karancin samun digiri na gaba a farkon karni na ashirin.Goggonta Mabel Winchell wacce ma'aikaciyar dakin karatu ce a New Hampshire ta kara yin tasiri a rayuwar Winchell ta gaba.Bugu da Kari,mahaifiyarta a wasu lokatai ta kan yi hayar dakuna ga malamai daga kwalejin gida don tallafa wa iyali.Kasancewar wadannan iyakoki na ilimi ya Kara karfafa yaran Winchell don bincika duniyar ra'ayoyi da neman ilimi. 

## Ilimi
Winchell ta halarci makarantar sakandare mai zaman kanta da ake kira Makarantar Capen.Daga baya a wannan shekarar,danginta sun kaura zuwa Ann Arbor, Michigan.A Ann Arbor,Winchell ya shiga cikin azuzuwan a Jami'ar Michigan.A lokacin bazarar karamarta da manyanta a Michigan,ta halarci laccoci na kimiyyar dakin karatu,wanda darektan dakin karatu na Michigan William Warner Bishop ya jagoranta.Winchell ta sami digiri na farko na Arts a cikin 1918.Tare da karfafawar Bishop,Winchell ya shiga cikin shirin makarantar dakin karatu da aka bayar a Laburaren Jama'a na New York a shekara mai zuwa.Ko da yake shirin ya kasance shekaru biyu, shekara ta biyu na zabi ne.  Saboda matsalolin kudi Winchell ya zaɓi kammala shekarar farko ta shirin.  Ta sami takardar shaida a 1920. 

A cikin 1928, bayan Winchell ta karbi matsayi a Jami'ar Columbia,ta shiga Makarantar Sabis din Laburare ta Columbia.  An kira rubutun littafinta "Gano Littattafai don Lamuni na InterLibrary." Makalar ta kunshi yawancin ilimin da mai aikinta kuma farfesa Isadore Gilbert Mudge ta samu yayin ba da lamuni tsakanin dakin karatu a tsawon lokacin aikinta.  An karbi rubutun Winchell sosai bayan buga shi a cikin 1930,kuma yawancin masu karatu sun gane shi ya zama daya daga cikin ingantattun littattafan kan lamuni tsakanin dakunan karatu na shekaru masu yawa.Winchell ya sami digiri na biyu a Sabis na Laburare a cikin 1930.

## Farkon aiki
Winchell ta san farkon rayuwarta cewa tana son zama ma'aikaciyar laburare.Aikin karatunta na farko ya samu ne a cikin laburare na Jami'ar Michigan a lokacin karatun digirinta.Ta taimaka wajen inganta kundin laburare kuma ta ba da sabis na tunani a wasu dakunan karatu na sassan.  Aikinta na Kwararru na farko shine ma'aikacin laburare na Duluth Minnesota's Central High School.  Ta kuma koyar da azuzuwan tarihi na d ¯ a a lokacin da take aiki a Babban Babban Jami'a.  Winchell ya rike wannan matsayi na tsawon shekara guda, kafin ya koma New York don halartar makarantar laburare.

Bayan samun takardar shaidar Kimiyyar Laburare, Winchell ta dauki aiki tare da Ma'aikatar Kasuwancin Amurka.Wannan matsayi ya bukaci Winchell ta yi tafiya mai yawa a gabar tekun Gabashin Amurka, inda ta ke da alhakin kirkira da kuma samun littattafai don dakunan karatu na hasumiya.  Wannan matsayi ya kasance na tsawon watanni biyar,a lokacin Winchell ya koma Ann Arbor don shiga ma'aikatan ɗakin karatu na Jami'ar Michigan. A cikin shekaru uku da Winchell ta yi aiki da Michigan ta yi aiki a sashen kasida, kuma daga baya a matsayin mataimakiyar magana.  Winchell na gaba ya karbi aiki a dakin karatu na Amurka da ke Paris, Faransa. Anan, ta yi shekara ɗaya da rabi tana aiki a matsayin babban ma'aikacin laburare.