Magani da shuke-shuke

Fasahar phytoremediation tana amfani da tsire-tsire masu rai don tsaftace ƙasa, iska da ruwa da suka gurɓace da gurɓataccen abu. An ayyana shi a matsayin "amfani da tsire-tsire masu kore da ƙwayoyin cuta masu alaƙa, tare da ingantaccen gyare-gyaren ƙasa da dabarun noma don ko dai sun ƙunshi, cirewa ko sanya gurɓataccen muhalli mara lahani". Kalmar ita ce amalgam na Girkanci phyto (shuka) da Latin remedium (madowa ma'auni).Ko da yake yana da kyau don farashin sa, ba a nuna phytoremediation don gyara duk wani ƙalubale mai mahimmanci na muhalli ba har ya kai ga an dawo da gurɓataccen sarari.

An gabatar da gyaran jiki a matsayin tsarin tsire-tsire mai tsada na Gyara muhalli wanda ke amfani da ikon tsire-shuka don mayar da hankali ga abubuwa da mahadi daga muhalli da kuma kawar da mahadi daban-daban ba tare da haifar da ƙarin gurɓata ba. Sakamakon mayar da hankali ya samo asali ne daga ikon wasu tsire-tsire da ake kira hyperaccumulators don tara sunadarai. Sakamakon gyaran ya sha bamban sosai. Ba za a iya lalata ƙarfe mai guba ba, amma gurɓataccen kwayoyin halitta na iya zama, kuma gabaɗaya sune manyan manufofi don gyaran phytoream. Gwaje-gwaje da yawa sun tabbatar da yiwuwar amfani da tsire-tsire don Tsabtace muhalli.

## Fa'idodi da iyakoki

### Fa'idodi

* Farashin phytoremediation ya fi ƙasa da na tsarin al'ada  duka *a situ* da *ex situ*
* yiwuwar farfadowa da sake amfani da karafa masu mahimmanci (ta kamfanoni masu ƙwarewa a " phytomining ")
* yana kiyaye ƙasan ƙasa, yana kiyaye haifuwar ƙasa 
* Ƙara lafiyar ƙasa, yawan amfanin ƙasa, da phytochemicals na shuka 
* Hakanan amfani da tsire-tsire yana rage zaizayar ƙasa da zubewar ƙarfe a cikin ƙasa 
* Hayaniya, wari da rushewar gani yawanci sun yi ƙasa da na madadin hanyoyin. The :de:Galmeivegetation na hyperaccumulator shuke-shuke har ma yana da kariya ta dokokin muhalli a wurare da yawa da ke faruwa.

### Ƙuntatawa

* phytoremediation yana iyakance ga sararin samaniya da zurfin da tushen ya mamaye.
* tare da tsarin tushen tsire-tsire na gyaran gyare-gyare, ba zai yiwu ba gaba daya hana zubar da gurɓataccen abu a cikin ruwa na ƙasa (ba tare da kawar da gurɓataccen ƙasa ba, wanda a kan kansa ba ya magance matsalar gurɓatawa).
* Rayuwar shuke-shuken ya shafi gubar gurbataccen ƙasa da yanayin ƙasa gaba ɗaya
* tarin gurɓatattun abubuwa, musamman ƙarfe, a cikin tsire-tsire na iya shafar samfuran mabukaci kamar abinci da kayan kwalliya, kuma yana buƙatar amintaccen zubar da kayan shuka da abin ya shafa.
* lokacin ɗaukar karafa masu nauyi, wani lokacin ƙarfen yana ɗaure ga ƙasan kwayoyin halitta, wanda ke sa shukar ba ta iya cirewa. 
* wasu tsire-tsire suna da wuyar noma ko kuma jinkirin girma don sa su zama masu dacewa don phytoremediation duk da matsayinsu na hyperacumulators. Injiniyan kwayoyin halitta na iya inganta kyawawan kaddarorin da aka yi niyya amma yana da cece-kuce a wasu kasashe.

## Hanyoyi

Ana gwada kewayon matakai da tsire-tsire ko algae ke shiga tsakani don magance matsalolin muhalli.: 

### Rashin cirewa
Phytoextraction (ko *phytoaccumulation* ko *phytosequestration* ) yana amfani da ikon shuke-shuke ko algae don cire gurɓatacce daga ƙasa ko ruwa zuwa cikin halittu masu girbi. Ana kuma amfani da ita don hakar karafa kamar mahadi na jan karfe (II). Tushen suna ɗaukar abubuwa daga ƙasa ko ruwa kuma suna tattara su sama da ƙasa a cikin halittun shuka  Kwayoyin da za su iya ɗaukar yawan gurɓataccen abu ana kiran su **[[hyperaccumulators]]** . Hakanan ana iya aiwatar da phytoextraction ta tsire-tsire  Populus da Salix ) waɗanda ke ɗaukar ƙananan matakan gurɓatawa, amma saboda yawan girma da kuma samar da kwayoyin halitta, na iya kawar da adadin gurɓataccen ƙasa daga ƙasa.  Phytoextraction yana girma cikin sauri a cikin shahara a duniya tsawon shekaru ashirin da suka gabata ko makamancin haka. Yawanci, ana amfani da phytoextraction don ƙarfe mai nauyi ko wasu inorganics.  A lokacin zubarwa, gurɓataccen abu yawanci yana ta'allaka ne a cikin ƙaramin ƙarami na al'amuran shuka fiye da ƙazantar da aka gurbata ta farko ko laka. Bayan girbi, ƙananan matakin gurɓataccen abu zai kasance a cikin ƙasa, don haka dole ne a maimaita sake zagayowar girma/girbi ta hanyar amfanin gona da yawa don cimma gagarumin tsaftacewa. Bayan tsari, ana gyara ƙasa.

## Manazarta