Ebonyi

**Jihar Ebonyi** ( harshen Igbo: *Ȯra Ebony),*Jiha ce dake a Kudu maso Gabashin, Najeriya, ta haɗa iyaka daga Arewa da Jihar Benue, Cross River daga gabas da kuma kudu maso gabas, sai kuma Jihar Abiya daga kudu maso yamma. An saka mata suna bayan **Kogin Abonyi (Aboine)** wanda mafi akasarin Kogin na yankin kudancin Jihar - an kuma ƙirƙiri Jihar Ebonyi daga sassan jihohin Abiya da Enugu a shekarar 1996, sannan babban birninta yana Abakaliki.    

Jihar Ebonyi na daga cikin mafi ƙanƙanta a girma daga cikin jihohin Najeriya da fili mai faɗin kilomita murabba’i 5,533. Ebonyi ita ce jiha ta 33, a girman ƙasa kuma ta 29, a yawan mutane a cikin jihohin Najeriya, tare da ƙiyasin a ƙalla mutum miliyan 2.9, a shekara ta 2016. Ta fuskar yanayin ƙasa, jihar ta kasu zuwa gida biyu, dazukan  *Cross–Niger transition forests* daga can ƙuryar kudancin jihar, sai kuma busasshen daji nau'in  *Guinean forest–savanna mosaic* a sauran sassan jihar. Sauran muhimman Wurare sun haɗa da Kogin Cross River da rassan ta. 

Bayan samun 'yancin kan Najeriya a shekarar 1960, yankin jihar Ebonyi ta yau, na daga cikin Yankin Gabashin Najeriya kafin zuwa shekara ta 1967, lokacin da aka raba yankin kuma jihar ta faɗa ƙarƙashin Jihar Gabas ta Tsakiya, ƙasa da wata ni biyu bayan hakan, Yankin ta Gabas tayi yinkurin balle wa wanda haƙan ya jawo Yakin basasa a Najeriya har na tsawon shekaru uku, tare da Ebonyi a matsayi jiha na Tarayyar Biyafara. Bayan yakin ya kare, an mayar da Ebonyi karkashin Jihar Gabas ta Tsakiya har zuwa shekarar 1976, lokacin da aka raba Jihar ta Tsakiya, arewacinta ta zamo Jihar Anambra a yayinda Kudancin ta ta zamo Jihar Imo. Shekaru goma sha biyar bayan yin haƙan, an sake raba yankunan Jihohin Anambra da Imo, inda yankin gabashin jihohin biyu suka zamo Jihar Enugu da Jihar Abiya. Sai a shekarar 1996 ne aka sake yanke sashin  gabashin Enugu da na arewa maso gashin Imo sannan aka hade su suka samar da Jihar Ebonyi.  

Jihar Ebonyi ta fuskar tattalin arziki ta ta'allaƙa ne a kan noma, musamman na doya, shinkafa, manja, da shukan rogo. Akwai aikin haƙo ma'adanai kaɗan a dalilin samu war ma'adanai kamar Lead, Zinc, Limestone a yankin Abakalilki da kuma kwando da ake haɗa wa na Ntezi. Ebonyi itace ta shirin acikin Jerin Jihohi Najeriya dangane da Ma'aunin Ci gaban Jama'a hadu da makarantu na gaba da sakandare da dama. 

## Yanayin Ƙasa.
Jihar Ebonyi na ɗaya daga cikin jihohi shida da aka ƙirƙira a cikin shekarar 1996, a lokacin mulkin soja na shugaban ƙasa Gen. Sani Abacha. An ƙirƙiri jihar ne daga yankunan Enugu da Abiya, inda aka raba daidai Abakaliki daga Enugu da kuma Afikpo daga jihar Abiya. Jihar na da mazaɓun sanatoci guda uku, Yankin Abakaliki ta ƙunshi mazaɓun Ebonyi ta Arewa da kuma Enugu ta Tsakiya, yayinda yankunan Afikpo, Ohaozara, Onicha da Ivo suka hada masabar Ebonyi ta Kudu. Jihar Ebonyi na da kananan hukumomi goma sha uku da kuma cibiyoyin haɓaka ƙananan hukumomi da gwamnatin ta samar.

## Jama'a.
Akwai yaruka da dama da ake amfani da su a Jihar Ebonyi waɗanda suka haɗa da: gungun yaruka na Edda, Ehugbo (Afikpo),  Ezaa, Izzi,  Mgbo, da kuma Ikwo, da kuma Oshiri, Unwara, Akpoha, Okposi, Onicha; da haɗaɗɗun yarukan Igbo da harsunan Korring da ake amfani da su a yankunan Amuda-Okpolo, Ntezi-Okpoto da kuma Effium, waɗanda ke kama da harshen Kukele na Cross River; da kuma harshen Utokon na Jihar Benue.

## Tattalin arziki.
Jihar Ebonyi ta kasance yanki na noma. Ita ce ja gaba a wajen noman shinkafa, doya, dankali, masara, wake da kuma rogo kuma tana da shahararriyar kasuwar kwando a Najeriya. Anfi noma shinkafa ne  a Ikwo, doya a Izzi da wasu yankuna kamar su Amasiri, Edda da Ezillo, yankunan Effium da Ezzamgo sun yi fice a noman rogo, da kuma haɗa kwanduna a garin Ntezi. 

Jihar Ebonyi tana da arzikin ma'adanai kamar Lead, man fetur da gas, amma kuma manyan ma'aikatun haƙo ma'adanai kaɗan ne a jihar. Duk da haka Gwamnatin jihar ta bada tallafi ga manoma don samar da albarkaci noma mai yawa amma har yanzu ingancin kadan ne. Ana yi wa Ebonyi kirari da "gishirin kasa" (the salt of the nation) saboda albarka dimbin gishiri dake tafkunan gishiri na *Okposi* da *Uburu Salt Lakes*. Akwai kuma wuraren ziyara kamar su Abakaliki Green Lake, Uburu Salt Lake, Unwana ada kuma gabar Ikwo Beaches.

## Gwamnati.
A shekarar 1999, ne aka zaɓi Sam Ominyi Egwu a matsayin gwamna na farar hula na farko a Jihar Ebonyi a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar PDP. Martin Elechi Ne ya gaje shi bayan ya lashe zaɓen shekara ta 2007, kuma ya sake komawa matsayin sa a shekara ta 2011, duka a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar PDP. Dave Umahi na ya gaji kujerar gwamna Martin Elechi, bayan ya lashe zaɓen a watan Maris na shekarar 2015, kuma ya sake komawa kujerarsa shima bayan ya sake lashe zabe a watan Maris, 2019. 

## Ƙananan Hukumomi.
Jihar Ebonyi nada adadin Ƙananan hukumomi guda goma sha uku (13). Waɗanda Su ne:

* Abakaliki
* Afikpo ta Arewa
* Afikpo ta Kudu (Edda)
* Ebonyi
* Ezza ta Arewa
* Ezza ta Kudu
* Ikwo
* Ishielu
* Ivo
* Izzi
* Ohaozara
* Ohaukwu
* Onicha

## Harsuna.
Akwai muhimman yaruka goma na daga harsunan Igbo a Jihar Ebonyi.

## Ilimi
Jerin sunayen makarantun gaba da sakandsun had da:

* Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic
* Federal College of Agriculture, Ishiagu
* Ebonyi state University
* Federal University Ndufu Alike Ikwo
*Ebonyi State College of Health and Midwifery, Uburu
* Federal College of Education (Technical), Isu
* King David College of Medicine, Uburu, Ebonyi State

## Shahararrun mutane.

 
 
* Anyim Pius Anyim
* Uche Azikiwe
* Andy Chukwu
* Onyebuchi Chukwu
* Martin Elechi
* Akanu Ibiam
* Chigozie Ogbu
* Frank Ogbuewu
* Ogbonnaya Onu
* Emmanuel Onwe
* Nnenna Oti
* Patoranking
* Sinach
* Tekno
* Dave Umahi
 

## Manazarta.