open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Taimako na kabari na Publius Aiedius da Aiedia

Gidan jana'izar Publius Aiedius da Aiedia tsohuwar jana'izar Romawa ce daga farkon rabin karni na farko AD, yanzu ana kiyaye ta a cikin Pergamonmuseum / Antikensammlung Berlin, tare da lambar Inventory SK 840 (R 7).

Yana da 64 cm fadi da 99 cm tsawo marmara takarda, wanda aka samu a Roma a kan Via Appia kuma an saya shi ga wanda ya riga Antikensammlung Berlin na zamani a 1866.&nbsp;&nbsp;

PubL Aiedius Amphio an gano shi da L a cikin rubutun a matsayin libertus ko 'yanci na Publius Aiidius . Sunan bawansa, sunan Helenanci Amphio, wanda ya dace da bayi na Romawa, an riƙe shi a matsayin sunansa. Sunan matarsa, wanda aka gano a matsayin 'yanci na Publius Aiedius, shine Fausta Melior . A matsayin 'yanci, ma'aurata suna da wani nau'i na' yancin Romawa, amma sun kasance a ɗaure ga tsohon mai shi, wanda yanzu ya zama mai kula da su. Sun sami damar shiga cikin aure na doka kuma yaran da aka haifa daga irin wannan auren za su zama 'yan ƙasar Romawa na yau da kullun.

Ma'aurata sun miƙa hannayensu zuwa tsakiyar hoton, suna nuna matsayinsu a matsayin ma'aurata bisa doka. Matar tana sanye da zobba biyu, yana nuna matakin wadata. Aiedia tana sanye da chiton da mayafi, Aiedius toga, wanda aka tanada ga maza 'yan ƙasa masu' yanci. Shekararsa da laifukan jikinsa ma ba a ɓoye su ba. An nuna gashin kansa, an zana shi a cikin fata, kamar yadda fata mai fata da warts a goshinsa da kewaye da bakinsa. Wannan verism yana tunatar da hotuna na gargajiya a kan abin rufe fuska na mutuwa. Shekaru da halayenta alamun darajar (*dignitas*) da ƙwarewa (virtus).

Fiye da 125 reliefs na wannan nau'in da aka sani. An sanya su a cikin ganuwar manyan gine-ginen kaburbura kuma galibi ana samun su, kamar windows, kusa da ƙofofi wanda ke kaiwa cikin ginin kabarin kanta. Hotunan "sun kalli" daga tagogin su a kan tituna da ke cike da kaburbura wanda ya kai ga Roma ta dā.

## Bayanan littattafai

* Max Kunze "Grabrelief kayan aiki römischen Ehepaares" Staatliche Museen zu Berlin. Preußischer Kulturbesitz. Antikensammlung (Ed.): Die Antikensammlung im Pergamonmuseum und a Charlottenburg . von Zabern, Mainz 1992,  , shafi na 202f.&nbsp;
* "Rubuce-rubucen kayan aiki römischen Ehepaares". Königliche Museen zu Berlin (Ed.), Alexander Conze (Ed): *Beschreibung der antiken Skulpturen mit Ausschluss der pergamenischen Fundstücke* . Spemann, Berlin 1891, urn:, shafi na 325 (Inventory no. 840).&nbsp;
Lane Meddick

**Leonard John Meddick** (18 Maris 1924 - 1 Janairu 2017), wanda aka fi sani da **Lane Meddick**, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Burtaniya, ɗan jarida kuma marubuci.

## Rayuwar farko da aiki
An haifi Meddick a ranar 18 ga Maris 1924 a Barry, Glamorgan, Wales. Ya mutu a ranar 1 ga Janairu 2017 a Binfield Heath, Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire, Ingila.

Ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida mai horo a Associated Press of America a kan titin Fleet, sannan ya shiga rundunar sojojin sama ta Royal Air Force a shekarar 1942, yana da shekaru 18. Ya cancanci zama Jami'in Flying Officer kuma ya ci gaba da tashi da guguwar Hurricanes, Spitfires da Dakotas . Ya yi horo a Ingila da Afirka ta Kudu kuma ya yi aiki a Masar, Indiya, Ceylon, Malaya, Sumatra, Singapore da Java. Ya koma aikin jarida a shekarar 1947 tare da wata jarida a kudancin London, kafin ya sami aiki a matsayin manajan mataki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na repertory a shekarun 1950. Duk da cewa ba shi da horo na yau da kullun, a hankali ya ɗauki ƙananan ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo, yana yawo a faɗin Ingila. Ya ɗauki sunan Lane Meddick don aikin talabijin da fina-finai. 

## Aikin rubutu, fim, da talabijin
Fina-finan da aka fito a cikinsu sun haɗa da: Journey's End (1954), The Dam Busters (1955 - wanda ba a ba shi lambar yabo ta RAF ba), [1] Touch of Death (1961), Flower of Evil (1961), Countdown to Danger (1967) da Psychomania (1973).

Ya yi wasanni da dama a talabijin tsakanin 1953 da 1980, ciki har da *Coronation Street*, *Hancock*, *Steptoe da Son*, *[[Dial M for Murder (1974 TV series)|Dial M for Murder]]* da *Z-Cars* . 

Rubuce-rubucen sun haɗa da *Potts da Phantom Piper* (jerin talabijin, 1957), *No Hiding Place* (jerin talabijin, 1960), da kuma labaran abubuwan da suka faru na soja na maza ga mujallun DC da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na Eagle . 

### MANAZARTA
Hoton da ke kan doki na Frederick William IV

**Hoton doki na Frederick William IV** wani mutum-mutumi ne na 1875-86 na Frederick William na Prussia na Alexander Calandrelli, wanda aka sanya a gaban Alte Nationalgalerie a Berlin, Jamus. [1]

## Dubi kuma

* 1886 a cikin fasaha

## Manazarta
Jeff Gaylord

**Jeff Gaylord** (15 ga Oktoba, 1958 - 15 ga Maris, 2023) ƙwararren ɗan kokawa ne ɗan Amurka wanda ya fafata a gasar yankuna da masu zaman kansu ta Arewacin Amurka, ciki har da Ƙungiyar Kokawa ta Duniya ta Bill Watts, Kokawa ta Duniya da Ƙungiyar Kokawa ta Amurka a ƙarshen shekarun 1980 da 1990, musamman a matsayin abokin wasan Jeff Jarrett na ƙungiyar tag akai-akai. A ƙarshen shekarun 1990, ya kasance memba na "Psycho" Sid Vicious ' **The Psychos"** kuma, a matsayin **Akeem Hassain**, ƙungiyar USWA ta Nation of Domination .

Gaylord ya kuma buga wasa sau ɗaya a gasar kokawa ta duniya a matsayin **The Black Knight** a gasar Survivor Series ta 1993. 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haife shi a Columbus, Ohio, Gaylord ya buga wasa a matsayin mai tsaron gida ga Missouri Tigers lokacin da yake Jami'ar Missouri  kuma daga ƙarshe ya zama ɗan Amurka a 1981.  Daga baya ya aro sunan ƙungiyar don sunan laƙabinsa na kokawa. 

## Aikin ƙwallon ƙafa
Gaylord ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta makarantar sakandare a Shawnee Mission South da ke Overland Park, Kansas kafin ya fara aikin kwaleji a Jami'ar Missouri. Ya ci gaba da zama ɗan wasan da aka zaɓa a zagaye na 4 (na 88 gaba ɗaya) na ƙungiyar Los Angeles Rams ta NFL a 1982. Bayan da Rams suka kore shi a sansanin daga baya a wannan bazarar, Gaylord ya shafe wani ɓangare na kakar wasa ta 1982 tare da ƙungiyar CFL ta Toronto Argonauts suna buga wasanni huɗu kacal kafin a sake shi.

A shekarar 1983, Boston Breakers na United States Football League (USFL) ya sanya hannu a matsayin wakilin 'yanci kuma ya buga wasanni 14 a kakar wasa ta 1983, inda ya zama mai tsaron gida na farko na ƙungiyar. Lokacin da ƙungiyar Breakers ta koma New Orleans a kaka ta 1983, Gaylord ya buga wasanni 13 tare da Breakers a 1984 kafin a dakatar da shi a wasanni uku na ƙarshe na kakar wasa. Daga baya a wannan kaka, Breakers ta sake komawa Portland, Oregon, don kakar wasa ta 1985, duk da haka an sayar da Gaylord zuwa San Antonio Gunslingers inda ya kasance mai tsaron gida na farko a wasanni bakwai na farko kafin ya ƙare kakar wasa a ranar 8 ga Afrilu. USFL ta faɗi a lokacin bazara na 1986.

## Sana'ar kokawa ta ƙwararru

### Ƙungiyar Kokawa ta Duniya (1985–1987)
Ya fara kokawa a fagen kokawa a shekarar 1985, inda ya fara kokawa a yankin Tsakiyar Kudu don ƙungiyar kokawa ta Universal Wrestling Federation, inda ya fafata da Timothy Flowers, Tarzan Goto da Kevin the Magnificent a watan Fabrairun 1986.  A lokacin bazara, ya kuma yi faɗa da ƙungiyar Rasha da ke fafatawa da Ivan da Nikita Koloff da Korstia Korchenko a wasan da ƙungiyar ta yi da Ken Massey da Perry Jackson, haka kuma da Perry Jackson da Brett Wayne Sawyer da Korchenko da kuma The Blade Runners a ranar 8 ga Yuni. Ya kuma yi aiki tare da Ken Massey da Rick Steiner da Jack Victory a Cibiyar Taro ta Tulsa da ke Tulsa, Oklahoma a ranar 17 ga Agusta, 1987. 

### MANAZARTA
Aphrodite Heyl

siffar Aphrodite da aka sani da **Aphrodite Heyl** a cikin Antikensammlung Berlin (lambar lissafi 31272) siffar da aka yi da kyau sosai daga ƙarni na biyu BC.

## Bayyanawa da tarihi

Wannan hoton Aphrodite da aka kirkira daga terracotta yana da kyau sosai kuma yana da inganci mai kyau. Tufafin, wanda aka yi da kayan aiki, ya fadi daga ƙirjinta na dama kuma yana nuna fiye da yadda yake rufewa. Musamman a kusa da ciki, kayan suna da tsayi sosai kuma suna ba da damar gane yanayin jikinta a sarari. Tun da hannayenta da kafafu sun karye kuma ba su tsira ba, duk wani halayyar da za ta taimaka wajen gano ta ya ɓace kuma ba za a iya tantance ainihin yanayinta ba. Tun da allahiya tana juya kanta daga duk abin da take riƙe da shi a hannunta, an ba da shawarar cewa akwai wani adadi, mai yiwuwa karamin Eros, a dama. Ƙafar hagu da aka ɗaga tana ƙarfafa mutum ya yi zaton cewa akwai tushe na ginshiƙi ko gini mafi girma kamar ginshiƙi a nan. An tattara gashin ta a bayan kanta kuma an ɗora ta da tiara.

An kafa gaban adadi mai tsawo na 37.6 cm a cikin ƙira sannan aka sake yin aiki, yayin da baya ya sami ƙarancin kulawa. An gano fold na fata a wuyansa tare da gefen kaifi. Ana nuna ɗalibanta ta hanyar ƙananan ƙuƙwalwa. A baya a tsawo na cinya akwai babban rami, wanda aka kara don hana iska da ta kama wanda ke haifar da fashewar mutum-mutumi lokacin da aka harba shi a cikin murhu. An yi tunanin cewa an yi siffar a Myrina a Asia Minor. Wannan wurin ya shahara ne saboda samar da terracotta, tare da Tanagra a Beotia. Tun da yake wurare biyu sun kai ga mafi girma a lokuta daban-daban, wannan adadi ya kasance a ƙarni na biyu BC. Adadin ya kasance mai launi da farko. Akwai ragowar takalmin a cikin ƙuƙwalwar rigarta, alamun shuɗi a kan diadem kuma sake ja a kan rigarta.

An samo mutum-mutumi daga tarin Maximilian von Heyl a cikin 1930 don Antikensammlung Berlin - daga inda adadi ya sami sunan da aka sani yanzu. Tun daga wannan lokacin an nuna ta a cikin ɗakunan nune-nunen dindindin a Gidan Tarihi na Altes .

## Bayanan littattafai

* Gerhard Zimmer: "Tonfigur der Aphrodite", in: Andreas Scholl, Gertrud Platz-Horster (ed.): *Altes Museum. Pergamonmuseum. Die Antikensammlung.* von Zabern, Mainz 2007, , p. 113.

## Haɗin waje

*
Fragment daga kabarin Nikarete

The **Fragment from the tomb of Nikarete** from the third quarter of the fourth century BC, found near Athens is displayed today in the Antikensammlung of the Altes Museum in Berlin.

## Bayyanawa
Yankin 117 cm mai tsawo da 59 cm mai faɗi na kabarin da aka yi da marmara na Pentelic zama nuna wata mace mai suna Nikarete, 'yar Ktesikles na Haagnos. An adana sunanta a kan wani bangare na kabarin, wanda aka ƙera shi daban. Nikarete na cikin irin wannan yanayin kamar yadda aka ba da gudummawa ga Kabari na Thraseas da Euandria, yana zaune a gefen dama na taimako, yana kallon hagu. Tana zaune a kan kujerar da ba ta da baya. Tana aiki ne daga taimakon kuma tana fuskantar gaba. Tana sanye da mayafi (himation) a kanta. A karkashin wannan tana sanye da chiton tare da flap da hannayen hannu. Gashin Nikarete ba a raba shi ba, ya taru a cikin maɗaukaki sama da goshinta. Akwai ramuka a cikin kunnensa wanda ya taɓa ƙunshe da zoben kunne na ainihi.

Ba a bayyana yadda girman cikakken taimako ya kasance ba ko kuma yawan sauran mutane da aka nuna a ciki. Wataƙila yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan tunawa na kabari na ƙarni na huɗu KZ, wasu daga cikinsu an san su a yau. Irin waɗannan abubuwan tunawa galibi an gina su ne ta hanyar 'yan asalin Athens da suka ci nasara a tattalin arziki. Hanci, wani ɓangare na leɓuna da mafi yawan ɓangaren mayafin gaba ɗaya sake ginawa ne na zamani, wanda aka gudanar a cikin bita na Johann Gottfried Schadow.

## Tarihi
An gano raguwa tsakanin Athens da tashar jiragen ruwa ta Piraeus. Baron Albert von Sack  ne ya sayi sassan wanda ya yi tafiya ta Girka da gabas tare da Georg Christian Gropius, sannan wakilin Austriya a Athens kuma ya sami tarin kayan tarihi na dā a cikin tsari wanda daga baya ya sayar wa Antikensammlung a Berlin. Yana daya daga cikin tsoffin zane-zane na farko da suka zo Berlin ba tare da wucewa ta hanyar cinikin fasaha na Italiya ba.

## Bayanan littattafai

* Max Kunze "Fragment vom Grabmal der Nikarete". a cikin Staatliche Museen zu Berlin . Preußischer Kulturbesitz. Antikensammlung (Ed.): Die Antikensammlung im Pergamonmuseum und a Charlottenburg . von Zabern, Mainz 1992,  , shafi na 120f.
* "Attisches Grabmal. " a cikin Königliche Museen zu Berlin (Ed.), Alexander Conze (aiki na farko): *Beschreibung der antiken Skulpturen mit Ausschluss der pergamenischen Fundstücke* . Spemann, Berlin 1891, urn:, shafuffuka 278-279.  (Verzeichnis-Nr. 740) 

## Manazarta
Albanians na Yammacin Thrace

**Albanians na Yammacin Thrace** sun kafa kabilanci a Girka Makidoniya da Yammacin Trayce tare da iyaka da Turkiyya. Suna magana da yankin Tosk na Arewacin Tosk Albanian kuma zuriyar mutanen Albania ne na Gabashin Thrace waɗanda suka yi ƙaura a lokacin musayar yawan jama'a tsakanin Girka da Turkiyya a cikin 1920s.

An san su a Girka da *Arvanites*, sunan da aka yi amfani da shi ga dukkan kungiyoyin asalin Albanian a Girka, amma wanda da farko yana nufin ƙungiyar yaren kudancin *Arbëreshë*. Masu magana da harshen Albaniya na Yammacin Thrace da Makidoniya suna amfani da sunan kansu na Albaniya, *Shqiptar* lokacin da suke magana da yarensu kuma suna magana da Albaniyawa daga Albania tare da sunan '"Alvanos"". 

## Tarihi
A Lokacin Ottoman, al'ummomin Albania sun yi ƙaura zuwa Turkiyya ta Turai ta yau (Eastern Thrace), musamman kusa da Istanbul. Yawancin Musulmai Albanians sun sami babban matsayi a cikin al'ummar Ottoman kuma da yawa daga cikinsu, musamman dangin Köprülü, sun zama Grand Viziers na Daular. Yawancin ƙaura na Albania sun fito ne daga arewacin Kosovo da yankin Korça na Albania. Zuriyar wannan baƙi daga baya za su taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Renaissance na Albania. Ba a san yawan mutanen Albania da ke zaune a yankin ba, saboda bayanan kididdiga na Daular Ottoman sun dogara ne akan ganewar addini (milts). Don haka, 'yan Orthodox na Albania sun kasance wani ɓangare na Rûm millet, yayin da aka rarraba Musulmai tare da Turks.

Daga cikin wannan yawan, 'yan Orthodox Albanians a Gabashin Thrace sun zauna a cikin al'ummomi masu kama da juna, ko dai ƙauyuka ko unguwa, kuma galibi zuriyar baƙi ne daga yankin Korça. A ƙarshen Yaƙin Girka da Turkiyya na 1919-1922, Girka da Turka sun sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Lausanne, wanda ya haɗa da musayar yawan jama'a tsakanin ƙasashe biyu. Yarjejeniyar ta yi amfani da addini a matsayin alamar haɗin ƙasa, don haka ya haɗa da yawan jama'a ba tare da tanadin kabilanci ba, har ma da Albanians, a cikin musayar yawan jama'awa. A karkashin wannan yarjejeniyar an musayar Musulmai na Girka tare da Kiristoci na Turkiyya, ban da Musulmai na Yammacin Thrace da Kiristoci na Istanbul.

A karkashin wannan tanadin, al'ummar Orthodox masu magana da harshen Albanian na Gabashin Thrace sun koma Yammacin Thrace, inda 'yan gudun hijira suka zauna galibi a sababbin ƙauyuka. A yau, wannan yawan jama'a suna zaune a cikin ƙauyuka iri ɗaya, amma wani ɓangare ya yi hijira zuwa manyan garuruwa kamar Thessaloniki da Athens.

## Rarraba
Al'ummar sun zauna a ƙauyukan Tychero, [undefined] Ardánio, Paradimí, Gemisti, Faires, Ántheia, Díkaia, N. Cheimónio, Kavýli, Tarsio, Kípoi, Kleisó, Peplos, Pýthio, Pyrólitho, Rigiyo, Sakkos, Thourio, Asimenio, Apalos, Lykofi, Sofikóuri, [1] Ladi, Metaxades da Vrysika. [2] A cikin ƙidayar shekara ta 1951 a Girka, 'yan Albania sun kafa kusan kashi 3% na yawan jama'a a cikin Evros, da kuma kashi 0.4% a cikin yankin Xanthi. A duk Yammacin Thrace sun ƙidaya kashi 1.3% na yawan jama'a.

## Dubi kuma

* Ƙananan mutane a Girka
* Albanians a Girka

## Manazarta
Manzo Arsache

Apostol Arsache (pronunciation Romanian: [aˈpostol arˈsake]) ko Apostolos Arsakis (Greek; pronunciation Greek: [a; []; 1789 - 1869) ya kasance ɗan siyasan Girka-Romania kuma mai ba da agaji. Ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan masu ba da gudummawa na karni na 19 na Girka,  yayin da a lokaci guda ya zama babban dan siyasa a Romania. 

## Rayuwa
An haifi Arsache a ƙauyen Hotovë, Gundumar Përmet, kudancin Albanian ta zamani, sannan a Daular Ottoman . Ya kasance dan asalin Albania ne,  Aromanian   ko kuma zuriyar Girka    A cikin 1800, Arsache ya koma tare da iyalinsa zuwa Vienna, a can ya sami ilimi a wata makaranta ta Girka da ke zaune a kasashen waje. Daga cikin malamansa akwai Neophytos Doukas, sanannen mutum na Haskakawar Girka ta zamani. A 1807 Doukas ya buga wani rubutun da Arsache ya kirkiro game da aikin, *Breviarium historiae Romanae*, na masanin tarihi Eutropius. Daga nan sai ya tafi Jami'ar Halle kuma ya yi karatun likitanci. Arsache ya kirkiro wani littafi a karkashin taken 

A shekara ta 1814 ya koma Bucharest, Romania . A cikin majalisar ministocin Barbu Catargiu (22 ga Janairu zuwa 24 ga Yuni 1862), ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Waje kuma bayan kisan Catargiu a ranar 20 ga Yuni, Arsache ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin Firayim Minista na wucin gadi na Romania.

## Gudummawa ga Girka

Ya zama daya daga cikin manyan masu ba da gudummawa ga sabuwar ƙasar Girka. A cikin 1850 ya ba da kuɗi mai yawa don kafa cibiyoyin ilimi na mata a babban birnin Girka, Athens, wanda ke cikin manyan gidaje a tsakiyar gari. Arsache ya ba da gudummawar jimlar drachmas na zinariya 600,000 don wannan dalili. Wannan ma'aikatar ta ɗauki sunan Arsakeio bayan shi.[1] Saboda shirinsa majalisar dokokin Girka ta ba shi matsayin ɗan ƙasar Girka mai daraja. Ya kuma sami nasarar gina makaranta a garinsu a 1870. [2]

## Manazarta
Hanyar koyarwa

Hanyar koyarwa, wadda kuma ake kira "show-me", hanya ce ta tabbatar da sadarwa da masu kula da lafiya ke amfani da ita don tabbatar da ko majiyyaci (ko masu kula da marasa lafiya) sun fahimci abin da ake yi musu bayani. Idan majiyyaci ya fahimta, zai iya "koyar da" bayanin daidai. Wannan hanya ce ta sadarwa da aka yi niyya don inganta ilimin lafiya .

Akwai babban gibi a fahimtar yadda majiyyaci ke buƙatar bayanai, ko kuma yadda sadarwa ta mai bada sabis take da tasiri.  Wannan na iya faruwa ne saboda dalilai daban-daban kamar rashin fahimtar kalmomin likitanci, rashin jin daɗin yin tambayoyi ko ma rashin fahimtar fahimta.  Ba wai kawai hanyar koyarwa tana taimaka wa masu bada sabis su fahimci buƙatun majiyyaci wajen fahimtar kulawarsu ba, har ma tana ba masu bada sabis damar kimanta ƙwarewar sadarwa.  Nazarin shari'o'i da Ƙungiyar Inganci ta Ƙasa ta jagoranta kan hanyoyin amincewa da bayanai na asibitoci daban-daban sun gano cewa waɗanda suka yi amfani da hanyar koyarwa yadda ya kamata sun amfana a fannoni na inganci, amincin majiyyaci, kula da haɗari da kuma inganci. 

## Hanyar
Ƙungiyar Ingancin Ƙasa ta bayyana wannan aiki kamar haka:  **Wa** ya kamata ya yi amfani da hanyar→ Duk wani mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya. Misali likitoci, ma'aikatan jinya, ƙwararrun ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya **Me** ya kamata marasa lafiya su koya musu-baya→Bayani game da ganewar asali, tsarin magani, magunguna, haɗari da fa'idodin magani, da sauransu. **Lokacin** da za a nemi a dawo da koyarwa→ Tun farko tsarin kulawa **Me yasa** yake da mahimmanci→Majiyyata da yawa suna da wahalar fahimtar bayanan likita. **Yadda** →Idan aka nemi su yi wa marasa lafiya bayani, ya kamata su iya bayyana ko bayyana bayanan da aka ba su a sarari. Dangane da nasarar ko rashin nasarar koyarwar da majiyyaci ya samu, mai bada sabis zai fayyace ko gyara bayanin sannan ya sake duba koyarwar don tabbatar da fahimtar majiyyaci da fahimtarsa. 

## Rike ilimi
An gano cewa zagayowar sake dubawa da koyarwa don tabbatar da fahimta yana inganta riƙe ilimi da kuma rage yawan sake shiga cikin marasa lafiya da ke fama da matsalar zuciya. 

Bayan ilimin kula da lafiya, ana iya amfani da hanyar koyarwa a fannin ilimi da na ƙwararru. Malamai galibi suna ƙirƙirar hanyoyin amsawa inda malami ke tambayar ɗalibi ya raba abin da ya ji, da kuma haɓaka koyarwa ta hanyar takwarorinsu inda ɗalibai ke bayyana abin da suka koya ga sauran ɗalibai. Riƙewa kuma yana da tasiri mai kyau a cikin yanayin ilmantarwa mai shiga tsakani, lokacin da ɗalibai ke shiga cikin tattaunawar rukuni, yin aiki ta hanyar yin aiki, da kuma koyar da wasu. 

## Nassoshi
Alexandros Bimai

Alexandros Bimai (Girkanci: Αλέξανδρος Μπιμάι; an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1997) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Girka wanda ke taka leda a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya . [1]

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Sofoklis Dousmanis

**Sofoklis Dousmanis** (Girkanci: , 25 Disamba 1868 - 6 Janairu 1952) ya kasance jami'in sojan ruwa na Girka. Ya yi fice a cikin Yaƙe-yaƙe na Balkan, ya zama shugaban Janar Janar na Sojan Ruwa na Girka sau biyu, kuma ya rike mukamin Ministan Harkokin Sojan Réew a 1935.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Sofoklis Dousmanis a Corfu a ranar 25 ga watan Disamba 1868,  zuriyar reshe na dangin Dushmani na Albania wanda ya yi hijira zuwa Corfu a karni na 15; shi jikan Antonio Dusmani ne kuma ɗan'uwan Viktor Dousmanis. 

Ya shiga Hellenic Naval Academy a ranar 20 ga Mayu 1884 kuma ya kammala karatu a ranar 18 ga Yuni 1888 a matsayin Line Ensign . Daga baya aka kara shi zuwa Sub-Lieutenant (8 Janairu 1890), Lieutenant (14 Nuwamba 1896), Lt. Commander (6 Mayu 1905), da Commander (29 Maris 1910).  Ya yi aiki a cikin jiragen ruwa daban-daban da kuma matsayi na ma'aikata, ciki har da a matsayin malami a Kwalejin Sojan Ruwa (1908-09), kuma a matsayin kyaftin na mai hallaka *Nafkratousa* (1906), *Psara* (1910-11), mai ɗaukar sojoji *Sfaktiria* (1911 da 1912), da kuma sabon jirgin ruwa *Georgios Averof* (1911), da kuma shugaban ma'aikatan Squadron Exercise (1911). 

Tare da barkewar Yaƙin Balkan na farko a watan Oktoba 1912, ya zama kyaftin na Averof da kuma shugaban ma'aikata ga kwamandan rundunar jiragen ruwa ta Aegean, Rear Admiral Pavlos Koundouriotis, wanda ya yi amfani da Averof a matsayin flagship. A wannan matsayin ya shiga cikin yaƙe-yaƙe biyu na ruwa na Elli da Lemnos, da kuma kama tsibirai da yawa na Aegean da Dutsen Athos, Kavala da Dedeagatch . 

A ranar 2 ga Yuni 1913, an kara shi zuwa Kyaftin, kuma zuwa Rear Admiral a ranar 15 ga Afrilu 1914. Bayan ya ɗan ɗauki kwamandan Squadron na Battleship, an nada shi Babban Jami'in Sojan Ruwa a watan Yunin 1914, yana aiki har zuwa murabus din Sarki Constantine I da kuma ɗaukar gwamnati ta Eleftherios Venizelos a watan Yulin 1917. Sabuwar gwamnati ta sanya shi a kan dakatar da aikin kuma ta yi ritaya a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1917, sannan ta biyo bayan gudun hijira a cikin 1918-20.[1] Bayan da aka ci Venizelist a zaben Nuwamba 1920 da kuma dawowar Sarki Constantine, an tuno shi zuwa aiki mai aiki (6 Nuwamba 1920) kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Aegean (Janairu-Afrilu 1921), wanda ya jagoranci a cikin yunkurin dakatar da sake samar da kayan aiki na Mustafa Kemal na Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Turkiyya, kuma kuma Babban Jami'in Sojan Rukunin Ruwa (Disamba 1921-Oktoba 1922). [1] Bayan cin nasarar Girka a yakin Asia Minor da juyin juya halin 11 ga Satumba 1922, an sake sanya shi cikin dakatarwar aiki kuma ya yi ritaya a ranar 19 ga Janairun 1923 a matsayin Mataimakin Admiral. [1]

A ranar 2 ga Maris 1935, ya zama Ministan Harkokin Sojan Ruwa a cikin majalisar Panagis Tsaldaris, mukamin da ya rike har zuwa murabus din gwamnati a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 1935.  A ranar 25 ga Maris 1935, an tuno da shi zuwa aiki a matsayin cikakken Admiral don aiki na musamman, ya kasance a cikin aiki har zuwa 20 ga Nuwamba 1935. 

A shekara ta 1939, ya shirya kuma ya buga littafin kyaftin din Averof a lokacin Yakin Balkan. 

Ya mutu a Athens a shekara ta 1952. 

## Manazarta
Mai rawa na Pergamon

Dancer na Pergamon shine sunan zamani na wani mutum-mutumi na Hellenistic na wata mace daga Pergamon, wanda yanzu ana ajiye shi a Antikensammlung Berlin.

An gano Dancer a watan Maris na shekara ta 1886 a lokacin binciken Jamus na Pergamon a daya daga cikin dakunan cin abinci guda biyu na Fadar V (bayanin da aka samu a cikin littafin binciken suna magana ne game da ɗakin cin abinci tare da mosaic na Hephaestion). Daga can an haɗa shi da Berlin Antikensammlung (lambar lissafi AvP VII 43), inda ya zama wani ɓangare na Pergamonmuseum har zuwa 2010. A cikin 2011/12 ya zama wani ɓangare na nune-nunen na musamman "Pergamon: Panorama of the Ancient Metropole . "

## Bayyanawa
Hoton farin marmara mai haske yana da tsayi 120 cm (114 cm ba tare da tushe ba), kuma kai yana da tsayin 14.5 m. Yana nuna wata budurwa, tare da ƙafarta ta hagu gaba, yana ba da ra'ayi cewa tana ci gaba. Hannunta na dama ya tashi. An yi shi ne daga wani dutse daban kuma bai tsira ba. Hannunta na hagu ya kai ƙasa, yana riƙe da rigarta. Hannun da wani ɓangare na ƙananan hannu ba a kiyaye su ba; kuma ba a adana tushe na mutum-mutumi da ƙafafun ba, waɗanda aka maye gurbinsu da halittar zamani da aka yi da marmara. Tufafi da fuskar sun lalace; hanci da yawa daga cikin rigarta sun ɓace. Yarinyar tana sanye da nau'o'i masu yawa na masana'anta waɗanda ke rungumar jikinta a wasu sassa kuma suna samar da zurfin sutura a wasu. Layer mafi ƙasƙanci shine chiton mai hannaye tare da ƙuƙwalwa mai kyau, wanda ta sa wani tufafi mara hannu. Kyakkyawan, zane mai motsi an tsara shi a wuyansa da kafadu ta hanyar iyaka mai faɗi. Layer mafi girma shi ne babban mayafi, wanda ya fada cikin fadi, zurfi. Yana rataye daga kafada ta dama, yana barin kafada ta hagu da kuma kafada ta bar ta kuma yana tunawa da siffarta da tufafin da aka sa da siffofin Kore na ƙarni na 6 BC. Tufafin yana inganta ƙarfin mutum-mutumi maimakon ɓoye shi. Mahaliccin mutum-mutumi ya yi wasa da adawa daban-daban, kamar yadda yake tare da matsayi mai faɗi a gefe ɗaya da kuma jujjuyawar jikin sama a ɗayan. Hakazalika, siffofin da aka auna na zane-zane na archaic, tare da sutura da aka ɗora da kuma kayan ado da aka daidaita a kan kafafu, sun bambanta da tufafi mai kyau da ke gudana a bayanta - wani nau'i daban-daban na abu. Ana kuma ganin wannan amfani da adawa a cikin kai da fuska. Don haka, fuskar tana nunawa tare da kumburin da ke fure, idanu masu zurfi, ƙaramin baki, da kuma dogon gashi mai laushi, wanda ƙungiyar ke riƙe da shi a goshi da temples. Wadannan fasalulluka ana amsa su ta hanyar ƙuƙwalwar gashi a wuyan da kuma gaban kunnuwa, waɗanda aka sassaƙa a cikin salon archaic.&nbsp;&nbsp;

## Bayanan littattafai

* Christiane Vorster: "Abin da ya faru a cikin Palast V a Pergamon. " a cikin Ralf Grüßinger, Volker Kästner, Andreas Scholl (ed.): Pergamon . *Hoton da aka yi a birnin Metropole. [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]* Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2011,  , shafuffuka 148-151 da shafuffukan 508-509 (Catalogue).&nbsp;&nbsp;
Antonis Manitakis

**Antonis Manitakis** (Girkanci: :  23 ga Mayu 1944 - 18 ga Fabrairu 2026 ) farfesa ne a jami'ar Girka kuma ɗan siyasa.  Ya kasance Ministan sake fasalin gudanarwa da e-gwamnati (2012/2013) kuma tsohon Ministan Cikin Gida da sake gina gudanarwa, bayan ya yi aiki a 2012 da 2015.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Manitakis a ranar 23 ga Mayu 1944 a Thessaloniki .  Ya yi karatun shari'a a Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Aristotle ta Thessaloniki kuma ya sami likita na shari'a daga Jami'ar Brussels . Bayan haka, an zabe shi a matsayin farfesa a Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Aristotle ta Thessaloniki . Antonis Manitakis dalibi ne na Aristovoulos Manesis, wanda ya gaje shi a kujerar doka Tsarin Mulki.

## Ayyukan ilimi
A lokacin aikinsa na ilimi, ya kasance shugaban Makarantar Shari'a da Kimiyya ta Siyasa, da kuma masanin ziyara a Jami'ar Montpellier (1987), Jami'ar Paris X (1989), Jami'an Roma La Sapienza (1994) da Jami'ar Nantes (2002). Daga shekara ta 2004 zuwa shekara ta 2010, ya koyar da Dokar Tsarin Mulki ta Turai a Jami'ar Montpellier ta Summer School.[1]

A shekara ta 2007, Manitakis ya sami lambar yabo ta koyarwar jami'a ta musamman daga Shugaban Girka Karolos Papoulias . Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban Majalisar Rediyo da Talabijin ta Kasa (1997-1999).

Tun daga watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2014, shi ne Dean na Makarantar Shari'a a Jami'ar Neapolis a Cyprus

## Ayyukan siyasa
A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2012, an nada Manitakis a matsayin Ministan cikin gida na wucin gadi a majalisar ministocin Panagiotis Pikrammenos . A ranar 21 ga Yuni, bayan shawarar da Jam'iyyar Democrat ta yi, an sanar da cewa zai shiga cikin Gwamnatin Antonis Samaras a matsayin Ministan sake fasalin gudanarwa da e-gwamnati.

## Manazarta
Hatzigiannis Mexis

Hatzigiannis Mexis (Girkanci: Χατζηγιάννης Μέξης; Albanian: Haxhijani Meksi) ko "Ioannis Mexis" (kimanin 1754 - 1844) shine gwamnan Spetses na farko kuma mai jiragen ruwa mai iko da arziki mai yawa, wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a juyin juya halin Girka na 1821 inda ya shiga tare da jiragen ruwansa guda huɗu da kuma sabuwar ƙasar Girka da aka kafa.[1]

## Tarihin rayuwa
Mahaifinsa shi ne Theodoros Mexis (Meksi a cikin Albanian), wani shugaban Albanian na Labovë . Iyalinsa sun fito ne daga dangin Meksi mai daraja. Saboda tsanantawar Ottomans, ya gudu zuwa Leonidio a Kynouria sannan zuwa Spetses. Ioannis shi ne ɗan fari, ƙanensa Thodorakis Mexis ne .   Kusan ƙarshen shekarun 1790, Ioannis Mexis ya yi tafiya zuwa Ƙasashe Masu Tsarki kuma daga nan ya ɗauki sunan Hatzis kuma ana kiransa Hatzigiannis . Ya kasance mai aiki a cikin kasuwanci da teku tun yana ƙarami tare da babban nasara saboda ƙwarewarsa da yanayin haɗari.

Hatzigiannis Mexis ya zama memba na Filiki Eteria kuma shi ne shugaban sashen aristocratic na Spetses wanda ba ya so ya shiga cikin Juyin Juya Halin Girka na 1821.  Amma nan da nan bayan fara juyin juya halin, ya sulhunta da shugaban sanannen jam'iyyar Botasi kuma tare suka ɗaga tutar juyin juya hali na Girka a Spetses, kuma ya bukaci Hydra da Psara su yi haka kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin magoya bayanta da masu shirya ta. Ya fitar da jiragensa hudu a cikin yakin hadin gwiwa, "Themistocles", "Epaminondas", "Leonidas" da "Pericles". Dukkanin hudu suna da kayan aiki sosai. Sauran jiragen ruwa na Mexi, wanda yake da rabonsa, sun shiga cikin yakin.

Amma kuma an san shi da kyawawan halaye, ƙudurinsa, aikinsa da ƙarfin hali. Ya shiga cikin yaƙe-yaƙe daban-daban kuma ya kasance wakili a Majalisar Dokoki ta Epidaurus ta 1 da Majalisar Dokoki na Astros ta 2. Lokacin da juyin juya halin ya ƙare, an zabe shi mai ba da shawara na Jiha, Sanata da kuma Plenipotentiary daga Spetses. Otto na Girka ya girmama shi da Golden Cross .

## Iyali
Matarsa ita ce Diamanto Moraitis, 'yar ɗan kasuwa Nikolos Moraitis daga Peloponnese. Yana da 'ya'ya tara: 'ya'yan maza huɗu da' ya'ya mata biyar, tare da aurensu ya ƙarfafa dangantakarsa da yawancin iyalai na Speciotian.

Ya'yansa maza sune Theodoros da Nikolaos, Panagiotis da Georgios . Theodoros ya zama mataimakin Spetses da Nicolaos magajin gari na Spetses sanata, plenipotentiary, plenipodentiary na Spetsos da minista a lokacin korar Othon. Panagiotis (1800-1885) ya shiga cikin juyin juya halin tare da jirgin ruwa mai zaman kansa kuma ya zama shugaban Spetses Eldership . Ga 'ya'yansa maza an bayyana cewa sun auri' ya'ya mata na Vassilis Gini, Laskarina Bouboulina da Lazarai.[1]

Ƙarami Georgios (1810-1837), ya auri 'yar Georgios Kountouriotis daga Hydra, ya mutu yana da shekaru 27 a Nafplio . 

## Gidansa

Gidan Hatzigianni Mexis an gina shi ne tsakanin shekarun 1795-1798 da 1938, Kalomira Mexis da Niketa Thermisioti-Katsina, magadansa ne suka ba da gudummawa ga jihar kuma yana da gidan kayan gargajiya na Spetses da tarihin tsibirin.

## Manazarta
Athena tare da giciye-strapped aegis

**Athena tare da giciye-strapped aegis** tsohuwar mutum-mutumi ce ta allahiyar Girka Athena, wacce aka yi a kusa da AD 150 a tsohuwar birnin Girka na Pergamon. Yanzu an nuna shi a cikin Antikensammlung Berlin (Lambar Inventory AvP VII 22).

## Tarihi
An gano mutum-mutumi a cikin 1880 a lokacin binciken Carl Humann na Pergamon a sararin samaniya zuwa yammacin arewacin masallacin Athena, kusa da Lady of Pergamon . [1] Wannan yanki na iya kasancewa tarin fasaha (museion) na sarakunan Attalid. An sami ƙananan alamun fenti a wasu sassan mutum-mutumi, Stoa ba da damar gano launi na wasu abubuwa na mutum-mutuni: babban jikin aegis yana da alamun shuɗi mai haske, yayin da saman hem da macizai suna da alamun ja.[2] Har ila yau, ana iya ganin cikakkun bayanai game da bangarorin takalma; an yi musu ado a cikin ƙungiyoyi uku daban-daban: ƙungiyar sama da ƙasa suna da kayan ado. An rasa cikakkun bayanai game da ɓangaren sama, amma ɓangaren ƙasa yana da ɓangaren da ke kan ja. Tsakanin bangarorin kayan ado guda biyu akwai na uku wanda ya ƙunshi layi ɗaya ko biyu na kayan ado na Masar.[2] Abubuwa daban-daban na mutum-mutumi suna da nau'ikan dutse daban-daban: fata yana da santsi, peplos dan kadan kadan; farfajiyar aegis ta ɗan yi tsayi; kuma bangarorin takalma na takalma suna da hatching.[2]

## Bayyanawa
Hoton yana da kyau sosai, ban da hannun dama da kuma ninka ɗaya daga cikin tufafinta. An yi kai daban sannan a haɗa shi, kamar yadda sassan yatsunsu suka kasance. Hannun hagu an sake gina shi daga raguwa da yawa. An gano kan ne kawai watanni da yawa bayan gawar kuma ya fi tsatsa fiye da sauran mutum-mutumi; Tarayyar Soviet ta sace shi kuma yanzu ya ɓace; an jefa gyare-gyare a wurinsa. Gyara ga mutum-mutumi ya sake haɗa sassan hannun hagu, da hannun hagu. Ainihin wuyansa yana cikin raguwa kuma an kara gyare-gyare a cikin asalin kai don sake gina shi.

## Manazarta
Hoton da ke nuna sojan Romawa (Berlin SK 887)

Wani taimako wanda ke nuna rundunar sojojin Romawa (Jamusanci: Relief mit der Darstellung eines römischen Legionärs) yana cikin Gidan kayan gargajiya na Pergamon kuma yana cikin Antikensammlung Berlin .  An kirkiro taimakon ne a ƙarshen ƙarni na farko AD kuma an gano shi a cikin 1800 a Pozzuoli .

Sauƙin yana da tsayi 159 cm da faɗin 86 cm kuma an yi shi da launin toka-blue marmara. Yana nuna wani Roman Praetorian, memba na manyan sojojin Romawa da kuma mai tsaron sarki. Yana sanye da Tunica tare da Paenula (kayan kwalliya mai kama da kwano da aka yi da lilin ko ulu) a kansa. Ana jan tunica har zuwa tsawo na gwiwa ta hanyar bel (Cingulum), wani ɓangare na abin da za'a iya gani yana fitowa daga ƙarƙashin paenula. Yana ɗauke da ƙaramin garkuwar, wanda ake kira parma, a ƙarƙashin hannunsa na hagu kuma takobinsa yana rataye a kafaɗarsa a wancan gefen. A hannunsa yana riƙe da gajeren javelin.

An zana mai kula da fadar daga bango a cikin babban taimako. Dole ne a mayar da gefen hagu na firam ɗin, amma gefen dama da na sama galibi sun tsira a cikin asali. Wataƙila taimakon ya kasance na tushe na triangular. Hoton da aka nuna a Gidan Tarihin Jami'ar Philadelphia na iya zama raguwa na sauran bangarorin biyu. A daya daga cikin wadannan an nuna wani praetorian kuma a kan na uku akwai legionaries biyu daga arewacin mataimakan. An ba da shawarar cewa wannan tushe ya goyi bayan wani mutum-mutumi na sarki Domitian, wanda za a sake shi a cikin wani Triumphal arch ga Trajan a Puteoli bayan mutuwar Domitian da *damnatio memoriae*. An sami taimako a Puteoli a cikin 1800 kuma an samo shi don Berlin a Roma a cikin 1830.

## Manazarta
Sabouroff head

Shugaban **Sabouroff kai** zane ne na marmara na Late Archaic Greek. An rubuta shi ne a  550-525 BC. An sanya wa wannan shugaban Kouros suna bayan Peter Alexandrovich Saburov, mai tara kayan tarihi da kayan tarihi na Girka na dā. Yana da 23 centimeters a tsawo. Hoton a halin yanzu yana cikin Antikensammlung Berlin kuma ana zarginsa daga Attica ko Aegina. Akwai zato cewa yana iya kasancewa daga Caria a Asia Minor.

Wannan kan marmara na iya kasancewa na mutum-mutumi mai girman rayuwa. Ya kasance batun muhawara daban-daban game da ƙirar gashi da gemu. Maza yawanci suna da hoton gashi a cikin siffofin Helenawa na ƙarni na 6, amma gemu ya kasance halayyar gama gari a cikin zane-zane na archaic. Maganin gemu, ya bambanta da gemu a kan kumatu da gemu, yana da wuya sosai ga siffofin Girka kuma yana ba da kyan gani ga kai. An bayyana shugaban a matsayin "kusa da hoto fiye da kowane aikin da ya tsira daga Archaic Greece" (ban da Boxer Relief a Athens). [1]

Yin amfani da na'urar daukar hoto ta 3D an samo kwafin simintin a Jami'ar Heidelberg kuma an bincika shi ta amfani da GigaMesh Software Framework. Ma'aunin lissafi ta amfani da sel na Voronoi da nisan Geodesic a cikin samfurin 3D mai tsawo yana nuna rashin daidaituwa da ɗan karkatawar kai wanda ke nuna cewa yana cikin wani mutum-mutumi na doki.

## Haɗin waje

*  a cikin tarin kayan tarihi na Jami'ar Heidelberg

## Manazarta
Pericles tare da kwalkwali na Koranti

Hoton **Pericles tare da kwalkwali na Koranti** ya ɓace, mutum-mutumi mai girman rai na ɗan ƙasar Atina da janar Pericles. A yau, wasu daga cikin tushe ne kawai suka tsira. An san busts na marmara guda huɗu na zamanin Roman Imperial wanda aka tsara bayan shugaban mutum-mutumi.

## Hoton

Kwafin Roman na bust na Pericles ya samo asali ne daga wani mutum-mutumi na tagulla da mai zane Kresilas ya yi. Wataƙila an shigar da wannan mutum-mutumi mai girman gaske a kan Acropolis na Athens a ko jim kadan bayan mutuwar ɗan siyasa.[1] Pausanias ya ce mutum-mutumi ya wuce Propylaea, ƙofar Acropolis. Tun da yake ba a adana wannan mutum-mutumi ba kuma an san iyakantaccen bayani game da shi, ba a san tsarinsa ba kuma ana iya hango cikakkun bayanai ne kawai ta hanyar kwatanci da zato. Ba a nuna Pericles a cikin salon gaskiya ba, amma a matsayin hoto mai kyau na dabarun da suka daɗe. Ko an nuna shi tsirara, sanye da tufafi ko a cikin cikakken makamai ana jayayya.[2] An adana ragowar tushe na mutum-mutumi tare da rubutun keɓewa. Ramin da ke cikin tushe yana nuna cewa mutum-mutumi yana riƙe da mashi a hannunsa na hagu. Ƙananan juyawa na kai yana nuna cewa mutum-mutumi ya yi amfani da Contrapposto na gargajiya.

## Manazarta
Kyautar kabari na Thraseas da Euandria

An adana kyautar Attic Grave na Thraseas da Euandria  daga tsakiyar karni na huɗu BC a cikin Pergamonmuseum kuma yana cikin Antikensammlung Berlin.

An zama taimako a Athens a cikin Agia Triada (watau a unguwar tsohuwar Kerameikos). Ya kasance daga Tarin Sabouroff kuma an samo shi daga wannan don Antikensammlung Berlin a 1884. Stele din yana da tsayi 160 cm da faɗin 91 cm kuma an sassaƙa shi daga marmara na Pentelic a kusa da 350-340 BC. A kan Architrave an gano manyan mutanen da aka nuna ta hanyar rubutun Thraseas daga Perithoidai da Euandria.

An kafa irin wannan abubuwan tunawa na kabari a kai a kai a kan titunan kaburbura a gefen biranen Girka. Adadin sun bayyana a matsayin masu tasowa. A lokacin da aka halicce shi, sauƙin ya fi zurfi kuma siffofin sun bambanta da bango. Rashin taimakon kabari misali ne na farko na wannan sabon nau'in zane. Adadin suna riƙe da ƙarfi, ƙarfin filastik.

## Bayyanawa
A gaban, ma'auratan suna zaune a gaban wurin. A gefen hagu akwai Thraseas mai gemu, yana sanye da mayafi. A dama yana zaune Euandria, yana sanye da mayafi da chiton a kan kujera. Tana sanye da takalma a ƙafafunta waɗanda ke kwance a kan keken ƙafa. Su biyu suna riƙe da hannayensu kuma suna kallon idanun juna a matsayin alama ce ta tsohuwar alaƙarsu da kuma rabuwa da mutuwarsu. Wata baiwa mace mai gajeren gashi na bayi an nuna ta da kanta a hannunta a matsayin alama mai karfi ta baƙin ciki na gida. Wannan alama tare da kumburin da aka rufe a hannunta yana daya daga cikin baƙin ciki mai zurfi, wanda aka gani a wasu ayyukan fasaha. Matashin baiwa ya kara zurfi ga taimako, tunda an same ta a bango, in ba haka ba ta yi aiki da cikakken bayani. A gefen taimako, wani nau'i mai laushi tare da antae, architrave da gable suna tsara wurin. acroteria guda uku waɗanda suka taɓa tsayawa a saman yanzu sun ɓace.

## Bayanan littattafai

* Elisabeth Rohde *Griechische und römische Kunst in den Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin* . [Hasiya]
* Max Kunze "Grabrelief des Thraseas und der Euandria" a cikin Staatliche Museen zu Berlin . Preußischer Kulturbesitz. Antikensammlung (Ed.), Die Antikensammlung im Pergamonmuseum und a Charlottenburg . von Zabern, Mainz 1992,  , shafi na 114-115.
* "Grabrelief des Thraseas und der Euandria" a cikin Königliche Museen zu Berlin (Ed.), Alexander Conze, *Beschreibung der antiken Skulpturen mit Ausschluss der pergamenischen Fundstücke* . [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga asalin ƙasar da aka yi amfani da ita a lokacin da aka yi la'akari da ita.  (Verzeichnis-Nr. 738) 

## Manazarta
Green Caesar

***Green Caesar*** hoto ne na Julius Kaisar wanda aka yi da kore na Masar, wanda aka ajiye a cikin Antikensammlung Berlin, wanda mai yiwuwa an yi shi a ƙarni na farko AD.

## Bayyanawa
Hoton yana da tsawon santimita 41 sabili da haka dan kadan a kan girman rayuwa. An yi shi da kore greywacke (metagreywacke), wani nau'in *bekhen*-dutse da aka yi a Wadi Hammamat a Upper Egypt,   maimakon marmara na yau da kullun, amma duk da haka kisa yana da kyau sosai. Sau da yawa ana kuskuren gane kayan a matsayin basanite ko slate. Alamun tsufa, kamar layin gashi mai raguwa, layi a goshi da hanci, kunkuntar kumburin da ke da ɗanɗano, zurfin nasolabial folds da Ƙafafun zakara a kusa da idanu. Lines a wuyan ya samo asali ne daga karkatawar kai zuwa gefen dama. Fuskar tana da tsawo, kunkuntar kuma tana da kusurwa tare da ƙashin ƙashin ƙashi, babban goshi da gemu mai ƙarfi. Tsawon hanci madaidaici, ɗan Apple na Adam da bakin bakin da ke da ƙanƙanta yana ba da gudummawa ga karami, har ma da bayyanar lalacewa. An cire gajeren gashi daga baya, amma an zana shi ne kawai a kan siffar, ba a nuna shi a cikin nau'i uku ba. Wannan yana ƙara bayyanar gashi da kai. Kyakkyawan jikin yana da kyau, amma akwai ƙananan gyare-gyare na zamani a cikin suturar tunic da toga a gefen dama. An kuma gyara rata a cikin kunne na dama da farko, amma yanzu ya sake kasancewa a cikin yanayin raguwa. Ruwan marmara a cikin idanu na zamani ne, kamar yadda yake a filin wasa.

## Hanyar da ake amfani da ita
Akwai yarjejeniya da yawa cewa mutumin da aka nuna a hotonsa shine ɗan siyasar Roma Gaius Julius Caesar. , wanda ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan mutane a ƙarshen Jamhuriyar Romawa a ƙarni na farko kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa. Zane-zanensa da aka sani kawai da suka samo asali daga rayuwarsa su ne waɗanda ke kan tsabar kuɗinsa, waɗanda ba a tsara su da kyau ba kuma suna nuna shi da siffofi na musamman. Suna tsaye gaba ɗaya a cikin al'adar Republican. Duk hotunan sassaka da aka sani an ƙirƙira su ne kawai bayan mutuwarsa. [ ana buƙatar ambato ] Koren Kaisar yana cikin rukunin hotunan 'yan Republican na baya-bayan nan waɗanda suka bayyana a matsayin na musamman ga mai kallo na zamani, amma a zahiri suna haifar da siffofi daban-daban da aka tsara. Waɗannan zane-zanen suna wakiltar dabi'u da halaye da ake tsammani daga ɗan siyasa, ta amfani da siffofi na rubutu da dabarun da aka daidaita. Don haka, alamun tsufa suna nuna iko ( auctoritas ), yayin da kallo da bayyanar suna nuna mutunci da tsauri ( gravitas da severitas ) kuma karkatar kai yana nuna ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Mai kallo yana ganin mutum mai gaskiya da mutunci wanda ya san matsayinsa da ayyukan da ke tare da shi, har ma da haƙƙinsa a ciki. Salon son kai da natsuwa yana kwaikwayon nutsuwa da juriyar janar mai nasara, duk da cewa suturar ta ɗan siyasa ce maimakon janar.

## Manazarta
Halin asalin Ankhefensekhmet

Genealogy na Ankhefensekhmet ko Genealogy of the Memphite firistly elite (Berlin 23673) tsohuwar taimakon Masar ce - wani lokacin ana kiranta stela - wanda aka saba gano shi kamar an yi shi a cikin karni na 8 KZ, a ƙarƙashin mulkin Fir'auna Shoshenq V na marigayi Daular 22.  An adana wani abu da ya tsira a Gidan Tarihin Masar na Berlin. Wani firist mai suna Ankhefensekhmet ne ya ba da taimako tare da manufar kwatanta asalinsa. Taimako ya dawo da jerin kakannin Ankhefensekhmet har zuwa ƙarni 64 da suka gabata, tare da mutum na farko, Ptahemheb, wanda Ritner ya gano daga zamanin Nebhepetre (Mentuhotep II) na Daular 11 kuma Borchart ya gano shi daga zamanin Nebkaure Khety na Daular 10. A lokuta 25 asalin ya kuma ambaci Fir'auna ko sarki wanda ke mulki a lokacin.

Yawancin kakannin Ankhefensekhmet sun ɗauki taken "Shugaban masu sana'a", wanda aka fi sani da "Babban Firist na Ptah". Robert K. Ritner ya ba da shawarar cewa ambaton Fir'auna na zamanin Hyksos (Apepi (3/5), wanda ba a san shi ba Sharek (3/6) da Aaqen (3/12)) ya kamata ya nuna ci gaba da jerin kakanni, maimakon yarda da mulkin Hyksos ta 'yan asalin Masar; a zahiri, sunan Aaqen, wanda ke nufin "Jarfin jaki", ya yi kama da kuskuren rubutun "Ƙarfin jaruntaka".[1] Har ila yau, a baya, Alan Gardiner ya kuma ba da shawarar cewa Aaqen na iya zama sunan ba'a ga Aaqenenre ("Babban kuma mai ƙarfi shine Ra"), wanda shine ɗayan sunayen kursiyin Apepi.[1]

## Rubutun

* (1/1) Mahaifin allahn Ptah kuma annabin Sekhmet, Ankhefensekhmet, ɗan
* (1/2) annabin Sekhmet, Pahemnetjer, ɗan
* (1/3) annabin Sekhmet, Pasherensekhmet, ɗan
* (1/4) annabi kuma shugaban asirin wuri mai tsarki, Pahemnetjer, ɗan
* (1/5) annabi [...] a cikin Letopolis, Sisekhmet, ɗan
* (1/6) annabin Sekhmet, Pahemnetjer, ɗan
* (1/7) annabi kuma shugaban asirin wuri mai tsarki, Iweefaenphtah, ɗan
* (1/8) annabi kuma shugaban asirin wuri mai tsarki, Pahemnetjer, ɗan
* (1/9) annabi kuma shugaban asirin wuri mai tsarki, Shedsunefertum, ɗan
* (1/10) annabi, Ankhefensekhmet, ɗan
* (1/11) shugaban asirin wuri mai tsarki kuma annabi [...], Ashakhet II, ɗan
* (1/12) annabi, Pipi B, a cikin mulkin sarki Psusennes I, ɗan
* (1/13) babban firist na Ptah, Horsiese, a cikin mulkin sarki Psusennes I, ɗan
* (1/14) babban firist na Ptah, Pipi A, a cikin mulkin sarki Psusennes I, ɗan
* (1/15) babban firist na Ptah, Ashakhet I, a cikin mulkin sarki Amenemnisu, ɗan [buɗe-buɗe da *ya ɓace (?) * ]

## Manazarta
Stela na Ikhernofret

Ikhernofret Stela (Berlin Museum ref 1204) tsohuwar dutse ce ta Masar da aka rubuta a Masarautar Tsakiya kuma sananne ne ga bayanin da aka yi game da yadda aka aiwatar da asirin allahn Osiris a Abydos . Stela tana da tsayi 100 cm kuma an yi ta da dutse. An nuna Osiris yana tsaye a ƙarƙashin fuka-fuki mai fuka-fuka da ke fuskantar Senusret III. An shimfiɗa rubutun a ƙasa da Osiris a cikin layi ashirin da huɗu. A ƙarƙashin rubutun, Ikhernofret, mai ba da kuɗi na Daular 12 a ƙarƙashin Fir'auna Senusret III, an nuna shi a teburin hadaya tare da iyalinsa. Ayyukan sun yi bikin sarautar allahn, mutuwa da tashin matattu.&nbsp;

Stela ta bayyana yadda ake ɗaukar Ikhernofret a matsayin ƙaunataccen "yaro mai ƙarfafawa" na Sarki wanda aka sanya shi "Aboki na Sarki" lokacin da yake da ashirin da shida. Sarki ya tura shi aiki zuwa Abydos don yin aiki don girmama Sarakuna Uba "Osiris, Babban na Yammacin Turai".[1]

Stela ta rubuta yadda aka yi bikin a cikin manyan sassa huɗu.

* Gudun Wepwawet ("*Mai buɗe Hanyoyi*"). Wepwawet a wannan yanayin bayyanar Horus mai nasara wanda ya zo ya taimaka wa mahaifinsa Osiris. Al'adar ta haɗa da al'adun da suka shafi abokan gaba na Osiris.
* Babban Gudun. Barin Haikali na Osiris, sake nuna bikin jana'izar Osiris a cikin Neshmet-Barque.
* Haker Festival ("Daren Yakin Horus"). Ayyukan da suka fito daga yakin tsakanin Horus da Set.
* Gudun zuwa Haikali na Osiris. Osiris ya koma Haikali, alama ce ta tashin matattu da nasara a kan mutuwa.

The Egyptologist and novelist Christian Jacq used the Ikehernofret inscriptions as the foundation of his Osirian series "*The Mysteries of Osiris*".&#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Manazarta