Cinikin mutane a Qatar

A shekara ta 2009 Qatar ta kasance ƙasa ce mai wucewa da makoma ga maza da mata da ke fuskantar fataucin mutane, musamman ma aikin tilas kuma, zuwa ƙarami, tilasta karuwanci. Maza da mata daga Nepal, Indiya, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Habasha, Sudan, Thailand, Masar, Siriya, Jordan, da China sun yi tafiya zuwa Qatar da son rai a matsayin ma'aikata da ma'aikatan gida, amma wasu daga baya sun fuskanci yanayin da ke nuna bautar ba da gangan ba. Wadannan sharuɗɗa sun haɗa da barazanar mummunar lahani na jiki ko na kuɗi; sauya aiki; hana albashi; cajin ma'aikata don fa'idodin da ma'aikaci ke da alhakin; ƙuntatawa kan 'yancin motsi, gami da kwace fasfo da Takardun tafiye-tafiye da kuma hana izinin fita; tsare-tsare na wucin gadi; barazanar aiki na shari'a da korar ƙarya; da cin zarafin jima'i, tunani, da jima'i. A wasu lokuta, ma'aikatan ƙaura masu zuwa sun gano cewa sharuddan aiki a Qatar sun bambanta da waɗanda suka amince da su a ƙasashensu. Mutanen da aka yi amfani da su a matsayin ma'aikatan gida sun kasance masu saukin kamuwa da fataucin mutane tunda ba a rufe su a ƙarƙashin tanadin Dokar aiki ba. Ƙananan ma'aikatan ƙasashen waje sun wuce Qatar kuma an tilasta su aiki a gonaki a Saudi Arabia. Qatar kuma wuri ne ga matan da suka yi ƙaura kuma suka shiga cikin karuwanci, amma ba a san yadda aka tilasta wa waɗannan mata karuwanci ba. An yi amfani da yara a Qatar da sauran ƙasashen Gulf a matsayin masu wasan raƙumi. Yawancin yara ana fataucin su ne daga Afirka da Kudancin Asiya. Wannan aikin ya ƙare a mafi yawan yankuna.  An tilasta ma'aikata suyi aiki a cikin mummunan yanayi; a wasu lokuta ana hana su albashinsu.

Gwamnatin Qatar ba ta cika cikakkun ka'idoji don kawar da fataucin mutane ba; duk da haka, tana yin kokari sosai don yin hakan. Gwamnati ta dauki matakai don aiwatar da doka tallafawa, gami da bayar da izinin fita ga Ma'aikacin ƙaura ɗaya ba tare da izini daga mai tallafa masa ba. Kodayake gwamnati ba ta riga ta kafa dokar hana fataucin mutane ba, a lokacin bayar da rahoto ta sake tabbatar da jajircewarta ga wannan burin a shekara mai zuwa. Duk da wadannan kokarin, gwamnati ba ta nuna shaidar ci gaba gaba gaba daya ba wajen gurfanar da kuma azabtar da masu aikata laifuka da kuma gano wadanda aka yi wa fataucin. 

Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don Kulawa da Yaki da Cin Hanci da Kasuwanci a cikin Mutane ya sanya kasar a cikin "Tier 2" a cikin 2017  da 2023 . 

A cikin 2023 Ƙididdigar Laifuka ta Ƙungiya ta ba Qatar maki 8 daga cikin 10 don fataucin mutane, yana lura da babban dogaro da ƙasar ga ma'aikatan ƙasashen waje da ƙananan haɗin gwiwa tsakanin gwamnati da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu.

## Shari'a (2009)
Gwamnatin Qatar ta yi ƙoƙari kaɗan don bincika da kuma gurfanar da laifuka fataucin mutane a lokacin rahoton. Qatar ba ta haramta duk ayyukan fataucin mutane ba, amma ta haramta Bautar a karkashin Sashe na 321 da kuma tilasta aiki a karkashin Sasse na 322 na dokar aikata laifuka. Mataki na 297 ya haramta karuwanci da aka tilasta ko tilasta, da karuwanci na yaro wanda bai kai shekara 15 ba, koda kuwa babu tilastawa ko gyarawa; hukuncin da aka tsara ya kai shekaru 15 a kurkuku, wanda ya dace da hukuncin da aka ba da umarni ga wasu manyan laifuka, kamar fyade. Har yanzu gwamnati ba ta aiwatar da cikakken dokar fataucin mutane ba kamar yadda ake tsammani a cikin shekarar da ta gabata, kodayake ta sake tabbatar da jajircewarta na yin hakan a cikin shekara mai zuwa, jajircewar da aka jaddada ta hanyar tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar TIP ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 2000 a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2009. Gwamnati ta ba da rahoton gurfanar da masu aikata laifuka na fataucin Visa'i, amma ba ta ba da ƙarin bayani ba. Wani rahoto da ba a tabbatar da shi ba ya nuna cewa an tuhumi masu fataucin mutane hudu da bayar da biza ga ma'aikatan da suka yi amfani da su. An ruwaito cewa an fitar da mutane biyu, kuma an ruwaito cewa biyu an yanke musu hukunci. Gwamnati ba ta tabbatar ko musanta wanzuwar wannan shari'ar ba. Gidauniyar Qatar mai zaman kanta don yaki da fataucin mutane (QFCHT) da Ofishin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida sun gudanar da bita kan fannin shari'a, zamantakewa, da tsaro na fataucin. Wadanda suka halarci taron sun hada da Jami'an 'yan sanda, ma'aikatan Tsaro na Cikin Gida, da sauransu. Kwalejin 'yan sanda ta horar da jami'an' yan sanda kan gano wadanda aka yi wa fataucin mutane da kuma hanyoyin da za su tura wadanda aka yi musu zuwa mafaka ta fataucin Qatar. QFCHT kuma ta ba da horo ga masu gabatar da kara da alƙalai kan yadda za a gudanar da shari'o'in fataucin mutane.

## Karewa (2009)
Qatar ta sami ci gaba kaɗan wajen kare wadanda ke fansa da fataucin mutane a lokacin rahoton. Kodayake wuraren kiwon lafiya sun bayar da rahoton cewa ana zargin cin zarafin jama'a ne ga mafaka ta gwamnati don bincike, gwamnati ba ta da tsari mai kyau don tilasta bin doka don gano wadanda ke fama da cin zarafin mutane tsakanin masu rauni, kamawa ma'aikatan kasashen waje da ke jiran korarsu da mata da aka kama don karuwanci; a sakamakon haka, ana iya azabtar da wadanda ke fama kuma an fitar da su ta atomatik ba tare da an gano su a matsayin wadanda abin ya shafa ko kuma an ba su kariya ba su ba. Gwamnati ta ba da rahoton cewa MOI tana da tsari wanda ke nufin wadanda abin ya shafa ga mafaka ta fataucin mutane; duk da haka, wannan tsari ba a yi amfani da shi sosai ba. Gidan fataucin ya taimaka wa mutane 24 a lokacin bayar da rahoto kuma ya ba su ayyuka da yawa, gami da cikakken magani da taimakon shari'a da aiki. Duk da yake wannan ya karu ne a cikin yawan mutanen da suka yi aiki a cikin shekarar da ta gabata, ba a tabbatar da cewa dukansu wadanda aka yi wa fataucin mutane ba ne. Ba a san yawan waɗannan shari'o'in sun kasance sakamakon turawa ga tilasta bin doka ba. A lokacin bayar da rahoto, mafaka ta taimaka wa wadanda abin ya shafa biyar wajen gabatar da tuhumar farar hula a kan ma'aikatansu. Har ila yau, mafaka ta taimaka wa wanda aka azabtar wajen gabatar da tuhumar aikata laifuka a kan mai tallafawa ta don cin zarafin jima'i a karkashin Mataki na 296 da 297. Kotun masu aikata laifuka ta yanke wa mai tallafawa hukunci kuma ta yanke masa hukuncin shekaru biyar a kurkuku. Qatar ta ci tarar kuma ta tsare wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane saboda ayyukan da ba bisa ka'ida ba da aka aikata sakamakon kai tsaye na fataucin su, kamar cin zarafin shige da fice da guduwa daga masu tallafawa, ba tare da sanin ko mutanen sun kasance wadanda ke fama le fataucin ba. Yawancin wadanda za su iya kamuwa da cutar sun kasance a cibiyoyin korarsu na makonni ko watanni har sai an warware shari'arsu, amma wasu sun kasance a cikin cibiyoyin har zuwa shekara guda. Wannan lokaci mai tsawo sau da yawa ya dogara da lokacin da ma'aikaci zai amince da biza ta fita, amma kuma ya dogara da warwarewar shari'arsu ko ramuwar gayya don neman dawo da albashi da ba a biya ba ko neman sabon mai tallafawa. Wasu ma'aikata da masu tallafawa sun yi barazanar wadanda abin ya shafa a kokarin hana su neman gyara na shari'a. Ba a ba ma'aikatan cikin gida damar shigar da karar farar hula a kan ma'aikatansu a karkashin dokar aiki tunda ba ta rufe su da ita ba. Za'a iya shigar da karar farar hula ne kawai saboda rashin cika wajibai na kudi na mai tallafawa ga taimakon cikin gida; a aikace, karar farar fata ba ta da yawa.

## Manazarta