Aston martin

**Aston Martin Lagonda Global Holdings PLC** (/ˈæstən/) ita ce masana'antar Burtaniya ta motocin wasanni masu tsada da manyan masu yawon bude ido. Lionel Martin da Robert Bamford ne suka kafa wanda ya riga shi a shekarar 1913. David Brown ne ya jagorancta daga shekarar 1947, ya zama mai alatu da manyan motocin yawon shaƙatawa masu tsada a cikin shekarun 1950 da 1960, kuma tare da halin almara James Bond biyo bayan amfani da samfurin DB5 a fim ɗin 1964 Goldfinger .   Ana ɗaukar manyan masu yawon shakatawa da motocin wasanni a matsayin alamar al'adun Burtaniya.

Aston Martin ya gudanar da takardar shaidar sarauta a matsayin mai ba da motoci ga Charles III (a matsayin Yarima na Wales kuma daga baya a matsayin Sarki) tun 1982,  kuma yana da dillalan mota sama da 160 a cikin ƙasashe 53, yana mai da shi alamar mota ta duniya.  Kamfanin ana siyar da shi a Kasuwancin Kasuwancin London kuma yana cikin ƙungiyar FTSE 250 Index .  A shekara ta 2003 ta sami Kyautar Sarauniya don Kasuwanci don gudummawa mai ban mamaki ga cinikin duniya. Kamfanin ya tsira daga fatarar kuɗi bakwai a cikin tarihinsa.

Hedikwatar da manyan motocin motsa jiki da manyan masu yawon bude ido SUV cikin 55 acres (22 ha) a Gaydon, Warwickshire, Ingila, a tsohon shafin RAF Gaydon, kusa da Cibiyar Jaguar Land Rover Gaydon.[1] Tsohon kayan aikin 3.6 acres (1.5 ha) a Newport Pagnell, Buckinghamshire, shine gidan yanzu na sashen mota na Aston Martin Works, wanda ke mai da hankali kan tallace-tallace na al'adun, sabis, kayan adanawa da ayyukan gyarawa.[2][3] Masana'antar 90 acres (36 ha) a St Athan, Wales, tana da siffofi uku da aka canza 'super-hangars' daga MOD St Athan. [4][5]Aston Martin ya shiga cikin wasan motsa jiki a wurare daban-daban a tarihinsa, galibi a cikin tseren mota, [1] da kuma Formula One. [2] Ana amfani da alamar Aston Martin, galibi ta hanyar lasisi, a kan wasu samfuran da suka hada da jirgin ruwa, ci gaban ƙasa, da jirgin sama.[3][4][5]

## Tarihi

### Kafawa
Lionel Martin da Robert Bamford ne suka kafa *Aston Martin* a shekarar 1913.  Su biyu sun haɗu da karfi a matsayin Bamford & Martin a shekarar da ta gabata don sayar da motocin da Singer ya yi daga gidaje a Callow Street, London inda suka kuma yi amfani da motocin GWK da Calthorpe. Martin ya yi tsere na musamman a Aston Hill kusa da Aston Clinton, kuma biyun sun yanke shawarar yin nasu motoci. Martin ne ya kirkiro motar farko da za a kira Aston Martin ta hanyar sanya injin Coventry-Simplex mai cylinder huɗu zuwa chassis na Isotta Fraschini na 1908.

Sun sami gidaje a Henniker Mews  a Kensington kuma sun samar da motar su ta farko a watan Maris na shekara ta 1915. Ba za a iya fara samarwa ba saboda barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na farko, lokacin da Martin ya shiga Admiralty kuma Bamford ya shiga rundunar soji.

### 1918-1939: Shekaru tsakanin yaƙe-yaƙe

Bayan yakin sun sami sabon wuri a Abingdon Road, Kensington kuma sun tsara sabon mota. Bamford ya bar a 1920 kuma Bamford & Martin ya sake farfadowa tare da kudade daga Louis Zborowski. A cikin 1922, Bamford & Martin sun samar da motoci don yin gasa a Grand Prix na Faransa, wanda ya ci gaba da saita rikodin saurin duniya da jimiri a Brooklands. An gina motocin Team guda uku tare da injunan tagwaye 16 don tsere da karya rikodin: lambar chassis 1914, daga baya ta bunkasa a matsayin Green Pea; lambar chassis 1915, motar rikodin Razor Blade; da lambar chassis ta 1916, daga baya ta ci gaba a matsayin Halford Special.

Kimanin motoci 55 an gina su don sayarwa a cikin tsari biyu; dogon chassis da gajeren chassis. Bamford & Martin sun fadi a 1924 kuma Dorothea, Lady Charnwood, ta sayi su, wanda ya sanya ɗanta John Benson a cikin jirgi. Bamford & Martin sun sake shiga cikin matsalar kudi a 1925 kuma an tilasta Martin sayar da kamfanin (Bamford ya riga ya bar shi a 1920). 

Daga baya a wannan shekarar, Bill Renwick, Augustus (Bert) Bertelli da masu saka hannun jari ciki har da Lady Charnwood sun mallaki kasuwancin. Sun sake masa suna Aston Martin Motors kuma sun tura shi zuwa tsohon Whitehead Aircraft Limited Hanworth yana aiki a Feltham. Renwick da Bertelli sun kasance a cikin haɗin gwiwa wasu shekaru kuma sun haɓaka injin sama-cam mai cylinder huɗu ta amfani da ƙirar ɗakin konewa na Renwick, wanda suka gwada a cikin chassis na Enfield-Allday. Motar "Renwick da Bertelli" kawai da aka yi, an san shi da "Buzzbox" kuma har yanzu yana nan.[1]

Ma'aurata sun shirya sayar da injin su ga masana'antun motoci, amma bayan sun ji cewa Aston Martin ba ta cikin samarwa sun fahimci cewa za su iya samun riba a kan sunansa don tsalle-fara samar da sabon mota gaba ɗaya.

Tsakanin 1926 da 1937 Bertelli ya kasance darektan fasaha da mai tsara dukkan sabbin Aston Martins, tun lokacin da aka sani da "motocin Bertelli". Sun hada da 11⁄2-litre "T-type", "International", "Le Mans", "MKII" da tseren tserensa, "Ulster", da 2-litre 15/98 da tserensa na tseren, "Speed Model". Yawancin su motocin wasanni ne masu hawa biyu waɗanda ɗan'uwan Bertelli  ya buɗe, tare da ƙananan masu yawon shakatawa masu hawa huɗu, dropheads da saloons kuma an samar da su.

Bertelli ya kasance ƙwararren direba mai son tseren motocinsa, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan kaɗan masu mallakar / masana'anta / direbobi. Motocin ƙungiyar "LM" sun yi nasara sosai a tseren mota na ƙasa da na duniya ciki har da a Le Mans . 

Matsalolin kudi sun sake bayyana a cikin 1932. Lance Prideaux Brune ya ceci Aston Martin na shekara guda kafin ya ba da shi ga Sir Arthur Sutherland . A cikin 1936, Aston Martin ya yanke shawarar mayar da hankali kan motocin hanya, yana samar da 700 kawai har sai yakin duniya na biyu ya dakatar da aiki. An sauya samarwa zuwa kayan aikin jirgin sama a lokacin yakin.

### 1947-1972: David Brown

A cikin 1947, tsohuwar tsohuwar (1860) mai mallakar kayan aiki da kayan aikin Huddersfield mai zaman kansa David Brown Limited ya sayi Aston Martin, ya sanya shi ƙarƙashin ikon Tractor Group. David Brown ya zama sabon mai ceton Aston Martin. Ya kuma sami Lagonda,  ba tare da masana'anta ba, don injin da aka tsara na 2.6 lita W. O. Bentley. Lagonda ta koma ayyukan zuwa Newport Pagnell kuma ta raba injuna, albarkatu da bita. Aston Martin ya fara gina jerin motocin "DB".

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1950, sun ba da sanarwar shirya samar da samfurin Le Mans da za a kira DB2,  sannan DB2/4 a 1953, DB2/4 MkII a 1955, DB Mark III a 1957 da kuma 3.7 L DB4 mai suna Italiyanci a shekara ta 1958. &nbsp;

Duk da yake waɗannan samfuran sun taimaka wa Aston Martin kafa kyakkyawan tseren tsere, DB4 ya fito kuma ya samar da sanannen DB5 a 1963. Aston ya kasance mai aminci ga babban salon yawon shakatawa tare da DB6 (1965-70), da DBS (1967-1972). 

Tadek Marek ne ya tsara injunan cylinder shida na waɗannan motocin daga 1954 har zuwa 1965.

### 1972-1975: William Willson

Aston Martin sau da yawa yana cikin matsala ta kudi. A shekara ta 1972, David Brown ya biya duk basussukansa, ya ce ya zama fam miliyan 5 ko fiye, kuma ya ba da shi don £ 101 ga Kamfanin Ci gaban Kamfanin, ƙungiyar banki ta saka hannun jari ta Birmingham wacce mai lissafin kuɗi William Willson ke jagoranta. Za a iya karanta ƙarin bayani game da wannan lokacin a Tarihin Willson. Rashin tattalin arziki na duniya, rashin Babban birnin aiki da matsalolin haɓaka injin don biyan bukatun fitar da hayaki na California - ya dakatar da tallace-tallace na kamfanin a Amurka - ya sake jan Aston Martin cikin karɓar a ƙarshen 1974. Kamfanin ya dauki ma'aikata 460 lokacin da masana'antar ta rufe.&nbsp;

## Dubi kuma

* Gidan Tarihi na Aston Martin
* Kungiyar Masu Gidauniyar Aston Martin
* Jerin masana'antun mota na Ƙasar Ingila