open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Chen Haosu

**Chen Haosu** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1942, Sinanci) mawaki ne kuma ɗan siyasa na kasar Sin. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Kungiyar Jama'ar Sin don Abokantaka da Kasashen Waje daga 2000 zuwa 2011. Shi ne kuma Shugaban Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Abokantaka ta Duniya ta China, Ƙungiyar Abokantakar Sin da Rasha da Ƙungiyar China-EU . 

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife shi a watan Mayu 1942, Chen ɗan marigayi Marshal ne kuma Ministan Harkokin Waje Chen Yi .  Bayan kammala karatunsa daga makarantar firamare a 1953, Chen Hao Su ya tafi Shanghai kuma ya shiga makarantar Nanyang Model Middle School. A shekara ta 1954, a kan nadin mahaifinsa Chen Yi a matsayin Mataimakin Firayim Minista na Majalisar Jiha, iyalin suka koma Beijing, inda ya shiga makarantar sakandare ta Huiwen da makarantar sakandare na Beijing. A shekara ta 1959, bayan kammala karatunsa na makarantar sakandare, ya sadaukar da shekara guda ga Sashen Shirye-shiryen Kwalejin Harsunan Kasashen Waje ta Beijing don shirya karatunsa a Tarayyar Soviet. Duk da haka, saboda ƙiyayya tsakanin China da Tarayyar Soviet, bai iya bin wannan hanyar ba kuma daga baya ya shiga Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta China (USTC), ƙwararre a fannin Radiophysics.

Da farko a shekarar 1965, Chen ya yi aiki a Cibiyar Bincike ta Biyu ta Ma'aikatar Injin ta 7 da Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Sojojin 'Yancin Jama'a (PLA). A shekara ta 1981, ya hau matsayin sakataren Sakatariyar kwamitin tsakiya na Kungiyar Matasan Kwaminisanci.   A shekara ta 1983, ya zama mataimakin sakatare na Kwamitin Gundumar Fengtai na Birnin Beijing,  daga baya ya zama mataimakiyar magajin gari a shekara mai zuwa, kafin a nada shi mataimakin ministan Ofishin Fim da Talabijin a 1987,  kuma memba na Kwamitin Taron Siyasa na 9 na Jama'ar Sin. Tun daga shekara ta 1990, ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Kungiyar Jama'ar Sin don Abokantaka da Kasashen Waje (CPAFFC) kuma an kara shi zuwa Shugaban kasa a shekara ta 2000.  

Baya ga sa hannu a siyasa, Chen ya kasance mai bincike a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Sojojin Yaki. Yanzu yana aiki a cikin Kwamitin Zartarwa na Duniya kuma a matsayin Shugaban Asiya-Pacific na United Cities da Local Governments.

## Manazarta
Sylvette Frichot

**Sylvette Frichot**, wani lokacin **Sylvette Frichot-Pool** ko **Sylvette Pool** (an haife ta a shekarar 1945) tsohuwar 'yar siyasa ce a ƙasar Seychelles.

Frichot ta yi karatu a matsayin malamar makaranta tun tana ƙarama, amma ba da daɗewa ba ta gano cewa ana biyanta ƙasa da na maza. Kwamitin Ƙasa kan Daidaiton Albashi ya kare wannan ra'ayin ta hanyar yin nuni da cewa mata suna samun senti 59 ga kowace dala da maza suka samu a shekarar 1963. 

A shekarar 1966 ta shiga Jam'iyyar Haɗaka ta Jama'ar Seychelles ƙarƙashin  jagorancin Albert Réné, wanda yanzu aka sani da Jam'iyyar Ci Gaba ta Jama'ar Seychelles,  inda ta fara aikin malanta. Saboda ayyukanta na malanta na jam'iyya, daga baya aka naɗa ta a matsayin Babbar Jami'ar Gudanarwa ta Jam'iyyar.  A shekarar 1968, Frichot ta kafa Ƙungiyar Mata ta Jam'iyyar, wacce aka zaɓe ta a matsayin shugaba daga shekarun 1970 zuwa 1977. A bayyane yake cewa Frichot ta sami kanta a matsayin shugaba a tsakanin mata fiye da haka. Ta kuma riƙe muƙamai da dama na shugabanci a cikin babbar jam'iyyar.

A shekarar 1989 ta zama Ministar Watsa Labarai, Al'adu, da Wasanni; daga baya aka sake sanya wa hukumarta suna Ma'aikatar Ƙananan Hukumomi, Matasa, da Wasanni. Ta wakilci ƙasarta a tarurrukan matasa da wasanni na duniya da dama. An san Frichot a matsayin amintacciyar Faransa-Albert René, wacce ita da Rita Sinon suka yi aiki tare a farkon shekarun jamhuriya.

## Manazarta
Li Shijun

**Li Shijun** ( Chinese    ; 29 Maris 1923 - 10 Nuwamba 2012), wanda kuma aka fi sani da sunan Esperanto **Laŭlum**, marubuci ne, edita kuma mai fassara ɗan ƙasar Sin wanda ya zaɓi zama memba na kwamitin Akademio de Esperanto tun 1983 kuma ya sake zaɓensa a 1992, 2001 da 2010.  Ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar China Democratic League

Ya kasance daga cikin 'yan kalilan na farko a kasar Sin waɗanda suka fassara wallafe-wallafen Sinanci zuwa Esperanto . 

## Rayuwa
An haifi Li ne a cikin dangin noma a ƙauyen Shatou (), Anguo a lardin Hebei, a ranar 29 ga Maris, 1923. 

A lokacin da yake da shekaru 11, Li ya tafi karatu a Ji'nan No.1 High School (), ya zauna a Ji'inan tare da babban ɗan'uwansa.

A lokacin Yaƙin Sin da Japan na Biyu, ya yi karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Sichuan No.6 (), a makarantar, ya sadu da Esperanto.

Li ya fara koyon Esperanto a 1939.

A shekara ta 1946, Li ya kafa kungiyar Chengdu Esperanto Association () tare da malaminsa Xu Shouzhen () kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin sakatare, sannan ya kafa *Jarida* Jurnalisto (mai ba da labarai).

Daga 1946 zuwa 1950, Li ya yi aiki a Chengdu, Renshou, Jianwei, Ziyang, Yibin, da Huayang.

A shekara ta 1948, Gwamnatin Kasa ta Nanking ta kashe malaminsa Xu Shouzhen.

A ranar 10 ga watan Disamba, 2010, an girmama shi da lambar yabo ta Al'adun Fassara na kasar Sin, daya daga cikin manyan kyaututtuka na fassara a kasar Sin.

## Ayyuka (fassara da / ko gyara)

* *Zaɓuɓɓukan Littattafan gargajiya na kasar Sin* (zaɓin litattafan zamanin d ̄ a na kasar Sin) 
* Zaɓuɓɓukan wallafe-wallafen Sinanci (ƙididdigar wallafe-walfinai na Sinanci) 
* Zaɓuɓɓukan Lu Xun (Lu Xun) () 
* *Tsakar dare* (Mao Dun) (ya'yan dare) 
* *Wang Gui da Li Xiangxiang* (Li Ji) (王贵 da李香) 
* *Dare mai sanyi* (Ba Jin) (doki mai sanyi) 
* *Iyalin* (Ba Jin) () 
* Autumn a cikin bazara (Ba Jin) (a cikin bazara) 
* *Waƙoƙin [[Li Bai]]* (Li Bai) () 
* *Waƙoƙin Du Fu* (Du Fu) 
* *Zaɓuɓɓukan Waƙoƙin Tang* () 
* *Yankin Ruwa* (Shi Nai'an) 
* *Romance na Masarauta Uku* (Luo Guanzhong) () 
* *Tafiya zuwa Yamma* (Wu Cheng'en) () 
* (孔雀 gabas da kudu) 
* *Labarai masu ban mamaki daga wani ɗakin karatu na kasar Sin* (Pu Songling) () 

## Manazarta
Aminata Tall

**Aminata Tall** (an haife ta a shekarar 1949 a Diourbel) 'yar siyasa ce ta Jam'iyyar Democrat ta Senegal (PDS).

## Rayuwa da aiki
Tall ta halarci Makarantar 'Yan Mata ta Al'ada ta Thiès da Rufisque, inda ta sami digirin D-series *Baccalauréat*. Ta sami digirin digirgir a Kanada kuma ta koyar a *École normale supérieure* na Dakar.

Ta kasance Ministar Jiha, Ministar Hukumomin Ƙananan Hukumomi da Rarraba Ƙasa, kuma mataimakiya ce ga Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa kuma magajiyar garin Diourbel. Duk da haka, a shekarar 2007, ta ƙi amincewa da naɗinta a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa kuma ba ta shiga gwamnatin Cheikh Hadjibou Soumaré ba.

A watan Oktoba na shekarar 2009, ta zama Sakatare Janar na Shugabancin Jamhuriyar Senegal, inda ta maye gurbin Abdoulaye Baldé wanda aka naɗa Ministan Sojoji. Ta zama shugabar Majalisar Tattalin Arzikin Zamantakewa da Muhalli a ranar 17 ga watan Janairu, 2013.

## Manazarta
Macsuzy Mondon

**Macsuzy Mondon** malama ce kuma 'yar siyasa 'yar ƙasar Seychelles wacce ta yi aiki a Majalisar Ministocin Seychelles a matsayin Minista kuma Ministar Ƙananan Hukumomi daga watan Oktoba 2016  har zuwa ranar 3 ga watan Nuwamba 2020. 

## Aiki
Mondon, tsohuwar malamar makaranta, an naɗa ta a matsayin Ministar Lafiya a shekarar 2006,  daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Ilimi daga shekarun 2010 zuwa 2016. A cikin majalisar ministocin Shugaba Danny Faure, wacce aka naɗa a watan Oktoban 2016, ta zama mace ta farko da ta yi aiki a matsayin Minista; an rantsar da ita a ranar 28 ga watan Oktoba,  kuma an sake naɗa ta a matsayin Ministar Ƙananan Hukumomi a ranar 29 ga watan Oktoba, yayin da ta bar muƙamin ta na Ministar Ilimi.  A cikin sauye-sauyen da aka yi a watan Afrilun 2018, an ƙara wa matasa, wasanni, al'adu, da Gudanar da Bala'i a ma'aikatunta. 

## Manazarta
'Yan'uwa mata na Wallace

**Nora Wallace** (1893–17 Satumba 1970) da **Sheila Wallace** (1887–14 Afrilu 1944) mata ne 'yan kasuwa waɗanda suka mallaki dillalan jaridu a Titin Brunswick, wanda yanzu aka sani da Titin St Augustine a Cork, waɗanda kuma su ne jami'an leƙen asiri na IRA a lokacin Yaƙin 'Yancin Kan Ireland kuma sun yi amfani da harabarsu a matsayin wurin taro da hedikwatar rundunar soji.   

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Nora da Sheila Wallace a Cork, Ireland. Sun girma a Donoughmore kafin su koma birnin Cork a shekarar 1910. Su 'ya'yan Jeremiah da Mary Wallace (wanda aka haifa a Keeffe). Suna da wasu 'yan'uwa takwas. Iyalin Katolika ne, masu ra'ayin gurguzu kuma masu kishin ƙasa. 

Matan suna gudanar da dillalan jaridu suna sayar da sigari, mujallu da jaridu, da kuma ƙasidu na siyasa da jaridu waɗanda suka tallata Irish. A bayan fage, sun kuma shiga cikin leƙen asiri daga 1916 har zuwa ƙarshen Yaƙin 'Yanci . 'Yan'uwan mata sun shiga cikin Rundunar Sojojin Jama'a ta Irish kuma suka ci gaba da kafa Rundunar Sojojin Jama'a ta Mata a Cork. A lokacin yaƙe-yaƙen da suka biyo baya, dukkansu ma membobin Rundunar Sojojin Republican ta Ireland ne. An ba wa matan biyu fansho saboda aikinsu na jami'an IRA Brigade.    

Shagonsu ya kasance cibiyar sadarwa ta IRA da kuma cibiyar ƙungiyoyi ta cibiyar tun daga shekarar 1916 lokacin da mata ke ɗaukar saƙonni a lokacin tashin Ista har zuwa lokacin da sojojin Birtaniya suka rufe shi a watan Mayun 1921.    A wancan lokacin, sojojin Birtaniya sun umarci matan da su bar Cork. Bayan Yaƙin 'Yanci, 'yan'uwa mata sun goyi bayan ɓangaren Republican a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Ireland .  

Nora Wallace ta sha fama da rashin lafiya da tarin fuka sakamakon ayyukanta a lokacin Yaƙin 'Yanci da Yaƙin Basasa. Takardar shaidar likitanta ta bayyana hakan a lokacin neman fansho. [1] [2] Sheila ta riƙe ɗaya daga cikin manyan mukamai na mace a IRA a matsayin Jami'in Ma'aikata. 'Yan'uwan Wallace ne ke kula da 'yan leƙen asiri inda suka tsara su, suka gudanar da ayyukansu, suka ba su umarni, sannan suka kuma fassara lambobin Sojojin Burtaniya. Matan sun yi aiki a matsayin masu kula da kwata-kwata suna adana bayanan makaman Brigade. [3] [4] [5] Nora ta ci gaba da aiki a shagon har zuwa 1960. An binne 'yan'uwa mata biyu a Makabartar St. Finbarr . [4]

An yi rubuce-rubuce a kan ayyukansu a cikin wasu shirye-shiryen fina-finai da dama, ciki har da *Matan Asali a Zamani na Musamman* da kuma *The Little Shop of Secrets* .   

## Manazarta
Mary Sheldreck

**Mary Sheldreck** 'yar juyin juya hali ce 'yar ƙasar Ireland kuma memba ce ta Cumann na mBan wadda ta halarci Tashin Ista na 1916 a kan mulkin Birtaniya a Ireland . Tana tare da Constance Markievicz a St. Stephen's Green a lokacin tashin, kuma ta mutu sakamakon raunukan da ta samu a lokacin yaƙin. [1] [2] [3] An ba ta lambar yabo ta Sabis (1917-1921) bayan mutuwarta, wadda Shugaban ƙasar Ireland ya bayar ga waɗanda suka yi aiki a soja kafin 1921, wanda aka ba mahaifinta Thomas Sheldreck. [4]

## Manazarta
Jeanne Simeon

**Jeanne Siméon** (an haife ta a ranar 28 ga watan Yuli 1952) 'yar siyasa ce ta Seychelles wacce ta kasance Ministar Mazauna, Filaye, Kayayyakin more rayuwa, da Sufuri na Ƙasa daga ranar 27 ga watan Afrilu 2018  har zuwa ranar 3 ga watan Nuwamba 2020. 

A baya, Siméon ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Sakataren Harkokin Majalisar Ministoci a Ofishin Shugaban Ƙasa daga watan Oktoba 2016 har zuwa lokacin da aka naɗa ta Minista a sabuwar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Iyali da aka kafa a ranar 15 ga watan Maris 2017. Simeon ta yi karatu a Jami'ar York da kuma Jami'ar Leeds. Bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin malama, Siméon ta yi aiki a matsayin Babbar Sakatariyar Ilimi a Ma'aikatar Ilimi.   

## Manazarta
Jennie Shanahan

**Jennie Shanahan** (1897 - 29 Disamba 1936), memba ce a rundunar sojojin 'yan asalin Ireland kuma ta yi yaƙi a lokacin tashin Easter da kuma Yaƙin 'Yanci na Ireland .

## Rayuwa da fafutuka
An haifi Jane a hannun Mr da Mrs Michael Shanahan a shekarar 1897, kuma an fi saninta da Jennie ko Jinny. Iyalinta sun zauna a wani gida mai ɗaki ɗaya a titin Mercer. Ta fito daga babban iyali amma 'yan'uwanta maza da mata biyar sun mutu suna ƙanana. Ta sami aiki a Jacob's Biscuit Factory. Ta kasance shugabar ƙungiyar ma'aikatan mata ta Irish kuma ta shiga cikin kulle-kullen .   

Ta shiga Rundunar Sojojin Citizen ta Ireland a shekarar 1913, inda ake yi wa mata kallon daidai da yadda aka saba a wancan lokacin, sakamakon haka ta shiga cikin ayyukan soja da horar da sojoji. Lokacin da aka yi bikin Easter, ta kasance manajan shagon haɗin gwiwa a Liberty Hall . A matsayinta na soja a ICA, an tura ta ta mamaye Dublin Castle a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Sean Connolly .     

Yunkurin bai yi nasara ba, sai suka koma Fadar Gwamnatin Tarayya, wadda suka riƙe har washegari. A kan rufin ginin, ta ga mutuwar kwamandanta sakamakon harbin bindiga. [1] [2] [3] [4] Wani labari da aka bayar shi ne cewa ta haɗu da sojojin Birtaniya a kan hanyarta ta dawowa daga Fadar Dublin zuwa Fadar Gwamnatin Tarayya, sai suka ɗauka cewa farar hula ce da aka kama. Sai suka tambaye ta ko tana lafiya, kuma da wane bayani za ta iya ba su game da 'yan tawayen. Ta amsa cewa duk da cewa sun yi mata kyau sosai, akwai ɗaruruwan su a kan rufin. Sojojin Birtaniya sun ci gaba a hankali, duk da cewa sun riga sun ci gaba, kuma wannan ya ba wa rundunar lokacin da za ta fara aiki. [1] [5] [4]

Shanahan tana ɗaya daga cikin matan da aka kama a kurkuku a Barikin Ship Street .  Daga baya aka mayar da ita Barikin Richmond sannan aka mayar da ita Kilmainham Gaol . An sake ta a ranar 8 ga Mayu 1916, bayan haka ta ci gaba da tallafa wa 'Yan Agajin Ireland .  A ranar 12 ga Mayu 1917, ita da Rosie Hackett, Helena Molony, Brigid Davis suka kulle kansu a cikin ragowar Liberty Hall suka rataye tuta daga bango suna cewa "James Connolly ya kashe 12 ga Mayu 1916". Sun yi aiki ba tare da iyaka ba don tabbatar da cewa labarin 1916 bai shiga cikin waƙa kawai ba. A lokacin Yaƙin 'Yanci Shanahan dole ne ta yi aiki don guje wa ƙarin kamawa daga hukumomi saboda ɓoye bindigogi da aika saƙonni. Ta gudanar da wani asibiti a Cullenswood House inda aka gina St Enda's a asali.    

Bayan mutuwar Shanahan a shekarar 1936, Helena Molony ta yi jawabin a kabarinta. An binne ta a Makabartar Glasnevin, Dublin. 

Mawakin nan Damien Dempsey ya bayyana cewa Shanahan goggonsa ce, kuma siyasarta tana shafar nasa. 

## Manazarta
Francina Broese Gunningh

**Francina Broese Gunningh**, wanda aka fi sani da **Frans Gunningh Sloet** (1783 - 1824),   wani soja ne ɗan ƙasar Holland wanda ya yi aiki a sojojin Faransa, Prussian da Dutch.

An haifi Gunningh Sloet a ranar 3 ga Oktoba, 1783 a Kampen a matsayin 'yar Antje Broese ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, kuma tana aiki a matsayin 'yar gida. A lokacin da take dawowa daga Paris zuwa Netherlands, ta yi shigar maza, wanda ya zama ruwan dare ga matafiya mata su guji cin zarafi yayin tafiye-tafiye. Duk da haka, a lokacin tafiyar, 'yan sandan Faransa sun kama ta a matsayin wacce ake zargi da guduwa bayan ta kasa samar da isassun takardun shaida, kuma an tilasta mata shiga rundunar sojojin Faransa. Ta gudu, ta shiga rundunar sojojin Prussia. Lokacin da ta ji rauni a ƙirjinta, an gano cewa tana jima'i, kuma an tilasta mata barin aiki. 

Ta koma Netherlands, ta kuma shiga rundunar sojojin Holland. Ta yi aiki a yaƙi a lokacin da aka yi wa Kampen, Coevorden, da Deventer kawanya a lokacin Yaƙin Hadin Gwiwa na Shida . 

A shekara ta 1814, an yi mata alkawarin aure da Alida Landeel, kuma ta ƙara mata lakabin "Ubangijin Amerongen" a cikin sunanta. An kama ta saboda amfani da wata babbar laƙabi ta ƙarya, amma ta tsere daga gidan yari. Lokacin da aka kama ta, an tilasta mata yin gwajin lafiya, wanda ya nuna jima'inta. An yanke mata hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru uku a gidan yari saboda zamba. Ta mutu a matsayin bazawara ga wani Mr. Lettener a ranar 16 ga Agusta, 1824 a Edam, Arewacin Holland . [1]

## Manazarta
Ats Bonninga

**Ats Bonninga** ( *f.* 1494) ta kasance fitacciyar 'yar Frisian, wacce aka san ta da kare sansanin soja a Warns a Gaasterland a lokacin rikicin da ya faru tsakanin Schieringers da jam'iyyar Vetkopers a 1494.  

Labarinta ya bayyana galibi a cikin tsoffin tarihin Frisian. An bayyana ta a matsayin 'yar Louw van Bonninga, da matarsa Hylck van Harinxma. Iyalin Ats sun tallafa wa Schieringers, kamar yadda mijinta, Jelmer Sytsma ya yi. [1] [2]

Lokacin da Vetkopers suka kama mijinta a shekarar 1494, ta kare sansanin soja har sai da ta sami damar sakin mijinta kuma ta sami alƙawarin ƙaura kyauta. 

Bonninga ya kasance batun wallafe-wallafe da yawa tun daga 1522 zuwa gaba kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin soyayyar ƙasa ta Friesland a ƙarni na 19.

## Manazarta
Danielle na St. Jorre

**Danielle Marie-Madeleine Jorre de St Jorre** (30 Satumba 1941 &#x2013; 25 Fabrairu 1997) 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Seychelles. Ta kasance ministan harkokin waje na Seychelles a ƙarƙashin Shugaba Faransa-Albert René daga shekarun 1989 har zuwa rasuwarta a shekarar 1997.   Danielle de St Jorre malamar makaranta ce ta sana'a kuma ƙwararriyar masaniyar harshe.  An san ta a matsayin wacce ta fara haɓaka harshen Creole. An san sha'awarta da ƙudurinta na tabbatar da ci gaban harshen Seychellois Creole a ƙasar tsibirin Tekun Indiya.

Danielle de St Jorre ta kasance Ministar Harkokin Waje, Muhalli da Yawon Buɗe Ido ta Jamhuriyar Seychelles kuma memba ce a Hukumar Gudanarwa ta Cibiyar Tekun Duniya. 

A shekarar 2015, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta ware Ranar Creole ta Duniya a ranar 28 ga watan Oktoba. An karrama Danielle de St Jorre saboda aikinta na ganin harshen Creole da al'adunsa sun kai matsayin da yake a yau.  Creole tana ɗaya daga cikin harsuna uku na hukuma a Seychelles. Faransa da Birtaniya sun yi mulkin mallaka a Seychelles a lokuta daban-daban, daga ƙarshe Seychelles ta ɗauki Faransanci da Ingilishi tare da Creole a matsayin harsuna uku na hukuma.  Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka Seychelles Kreol kuma ta taimaka wajen haɓaka haɗin gwiwa da mutanen da ke magana da Creole. Ta shirya makon Creole a shekarar 1982. 

## Manazarta
Cocin St Joan na Arc

**Cocin Saint Joan na Arc** (Faransanci: *L'église Sainte-Jeanne-d'Arc* ) cocin Katolika ne da ke tsakiyar birnin Rouen, arewacin Faransa . 

An kammala cocin Saint Joan of Arc a shekarar 1979 a tsakiyar tsohon dandalin kasuwa, wanda aka sani da Place du Vieux-Marché,  wurin da aka ƙone Joan of Arc a kan gungumen azaba saboda bidi'a a shekara ta 1431.  Wani ƙaramin lambu, Le Bucher ("The Pyre"), wanda ke waje kuma a arewacin cocin shine ainihin wurin.

An tsara cocin zamani na Sainte-Jeanne d'Arc da kuma dakunan kasuwa da ke kusa da shi ta hannun mai ginin Louis Arretche, [1] wanda aka ba shi aikin ginin a shekarar 1969. [2] An yi nufin lanƙwasa masu zurfi na ginin don tayar da wutar da ta cinye Joan of Arc da kuma jirgin ruwa mai tsayi . An tsara majami'un Kirista na farko da yawa a siffar jirgin ruwa mai juyawa. Dakunan kasuwa a lokaci guda suna kama da ƙananan jiragen ruwa da aka juya da kifi masu bakin da ke buɗewa, waɗanda kuma alamu ne na Kirista masu wadata . Rufin tayal yana maimaita wannan jigon kuma yana samar da hanyar tafiya a kan murabba'in. [2]

## Gilashin da aka zana
Tagogin gilashin da aka yi wa fenti sun fito ne daga Cocin Saint Vincent na ƙarni na 16, wanda tarkacen gininsu ke da nisan 'yan mita kaɗan. An kusan lalata tsohuwar cocin gaba ɗaya a shekarar 1944 a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, amma an cire tagogi kuma an adana su a wuri mai aminci a lokacin yaƙin. Daga nan aka haɗa su cikin Cocin Saint Joan na Arc.  Allon tagogi 13 suna nuna yarintar Almasihu, Sha'awa, Gicciyewa da Tashin Matattu, da abubuwan da suka faru a rayuwar St.Peter, St. Anne da Saint Anthony na Padua: 

* Tagar rayuwar St. Peter, 1520-1530, kyautar Boyvins, sarakunan Bonnetot;
* Window na St. Anne, 1520-1530, na Jean Le Vieil kuma ƙungiyar 'yan'uwantaka ta Compostela ta bayar;
* Taga Tarin Nasara na Budurwa, wanda aka yi oda a shekarar 1515 kuma aka kammala a kusan 1522, aikin Jean da Engrand Le Prince;
* Tagar Bishiyar St. Anne, 1520-1530;
* Taga ta rayuwar St. John the Baptist, wanda aka kammala a shekara ta 1526, aikin Engrand Le Prince;
* Taga na Œuvres de Miséricorde, wanda aka kammala a 1520-1530, aikin Engrand da wataƙila na Jean Le Prince;
* Tagar St. Anthony na Padoua, 1520-1530;
* Tagar Waliyyai, 1520-1530;
* Taga ta yarinta da rayuwar jama'a ta Almasihu, 1520-1530, kyautar Le Roux de Bourgtheroulde;
* Tagar Sha'awa, 1520-1530;
* Tagar Gicciye, 1520-1530;
* Tagar rayuwar ɗaukaka ta Almasihu, 1520-1530;
* Taga shahadar St. Vincent, 1520-1530, kyautar Le Roux, sarakunan Esprevier.

Fayil:RouenVitrauxStVincent_01.jpg
Fayil:RouenVitrauxStVincent_02.jpg
Fayil:RouenVitrauxStVincent_03.jpg
Fayil:RouenVitrauxStVincent_04.jpg


## Manazarta
Abokan Jeanne d'Arc

Ƙungiyar ***Compagnons de Jeanne d'Arc*** (Sahabbai na Joan of Arc) ƙungiya ce da ke girmama Saint Joan of Arc . Daga 1937 zuwa 1939, ta shirya zanga-zangar ƙasa da addini a Domrémy don girmama ta.

## Zanga-zanga

### 9 ga Mayu 1937
*Amis du berceau de Jeanne d'Arc* ne ya shirya wannan zanga-zangar tare da taimakon *Compagnons de Jeanne d'Arc* . Mataimakan 'yan majalisa hamsin ne suka halarci, waɗanda 21 daga cikinsu 'yan ƙungiyar URD ne a ɗakin wakilai (ciki har da Louis Marin, François Valentin, Xavier Vallat da Philippe Henriot). Mutane dubu ashirin ne suka halarci bikin. Bikin ya haɗa da addu'a tare da wa'azi daga Bishop na Saint-Dié-des-Vosges da jawabai daga Louis Madelin, Charles Berlet da Sanata Charles Reibel .

### 1 ga Mayu 1938
Kungiyoyin biyu ne suka shirya taron tare. Marcel Boucher ya sami goyon bayan gwamnati da kuma kasancewar sojoji, wanda wata ƙungiyar sojoji da kwamandan runduna ta 20 suka wakilta. Zanga-zangar ta fi girma, amma ta ci gaba da kasancewa da alaƙa da Cocin Katolika . Cocin, Action Catholic da kuma mujallun Katolika da ke Lorraine sun ba da goyon bayansu. Cardinal Jean Verdier da bishop biyu ne suka yi bikin Mass ɗin. Jama'ar sun saurari jawabai daga Louis Marin, Marcel Boucher, Maxime Real del Sarte da Marshal Louis Franchet d'Espèrey . Mataimakan 'yan majalisar da suka halarci taron sun fito ne daga tsakiya-dama (ko dama) na Majalisar.

### 4 ga Yuni 1939
Wannan gangamin ya amfana daga kulawar da ziyarar da aka kai wa Lorraine na babban jami'in Cardinal Villeneuve da wasu bishop-bishop suka bayar. Dubban mutane sun halarci addu'ar bude ido a gaban sabon cocin Basilica, jerin gwanon da jawabai daga Maxime Real del Sarte, Marcel Boucher da Janar Maxime Weygand . Mataimakan 'yan majalisar da suka halarci taron sun fito ne daga tsakiya-dama ko dama .

Minista Auguste Champetier de Ribes (Ministan Tsoffin Sojoji da Fansho da kuma ɗan Katolika na jam'iyyar *Parti democrate populaire* ) da kuma shugaban Vosges sun halarci taron. Bugu da ƙari, manyan hukumomin Jamhuriyar sun kasance ɓangare na kwamitin girmamawa na ƙungiyar. 

Tun daga shekarar 1938, wata doka ta birni ta hana sayar ko rarraba jaridu da kuma sayar ko ɗaukar alamun siyasa a cikin kwamin a lokacin gangamin, tunda ƙungiyar *Parti social français* ta yi amfani da wannan dama a shekarar 1937 don rarraba jaridarta. 

## Manazarta
Tarihin Pucelle

Guillaume Cousinot (1400–1484),  Seigneur de Montreuil ne ya rubuta ***Chronique de la Pucelle*** ko ***Chronique de Cousinot***  . Labarin ya ba da labarin tarihin Joan of Arc da Yaƙin Shekaru Ɗari .

Guillaume Cousinot ƙaramin ɗan Guillaume Cousinot ne (ya mutu kimanin shekara ta 1442), wanda ya kasance shugaban gwamnati na Louis I, Duke na Orleans . An haife shi a tsakiyar Yaƙin Shekara Ɗari kuma ya kasance zamani na Joan of Arc. Ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in diflomasiyya kuma ya wakilci sarkin Faransa a Ingila  da Italiya. 

Shekaru kaɗan bayan ƙarshen yaƙin, ya fara rubuta tarihin. Cikakken taken Chronique De La Pucelle; Ou, Chronique De Cousinot, Suivie De La Chronique Normande De P. Cochon, Relatives Aux Règnes De Charles VI Et De Charles VII za a iya fassara shi a matsayin Tarihin Maid; Ko kuma, Tarihin Cousinot, sai kuma tarihin Norman na P. Cochon, wanda ya shafi zamanin Charles VI da Charles VII . Aikin ya haɗa da "Geste des Nobles" wanda mahaifinsa ya rubuta. [1]

An fara buga *littafin Chronique de la Pucelle* a shekarar 1661, a matsayin wani aiki da ba a san sunansa ba, ta hannun masanin tarihi kuma masanin adana kayan tarihi Denis Godefroy (1615–1681).  Editansa na ƙarni na 19, Vallet de Viriville, ya ci gaba da riƙe taken asali.

## Manazarta
Myriam Telemaque

**Myriam Telemaque** 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Seychelles wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Aiki, Shige da Fice da Matsayin Farar Hula na Seychelles daga ranar 7 ga watan Yuli, 2017   har zuwa ranar 3 ga watan Nuwamba, 2020.  Kafin naɗinta, ta yi aiki a matsayin babbar sakatariya a fannin Shige  da Fice da Matsayin Farar Hula da kuma babbar jami'ar shige da fice a Ma'aikatar Shige da Fice a ƙarƙashin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje. 

## Manazarta
Cai Yuanpei

**Cai Yuanpei** (Chinese; 1868-1940), wanda aka rubuta **Ts'ai Yuan-p'ei** a lokacin rayuwarsa, masanin falsafa ne kuma ɗan siyasa na kasar Sin wanda ya kasance mai tasiri a tarihin ilimin zamani na kasar Sin. Ya ba da gudummawa ga sake fasalin ilimi tare da akidar ilimi ta kansa. Ya kasance shugaban Jami'ar Peking, kuma wanda ya kafa Academia Sinica . An san shi da kimantawa mai mahimmanci game da Al'adun kasar Sin da kuma hadawa da tunanin Sinanci da Yammacin Turai, gami da anarchism. Ya shiga cikin Sabon Al'adu, Mayu Fourth Movements, da kuma ƙungiyar mata. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da ilimi mai kyau, siyasa, da sake fasalin ilimi.

## Tarihin rayuwa

An haife shi a Shanyin County, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, an nada Cai a Kwalejin Hanlin yana da shekaru 26. A shekara ta 1898, ya shiga cikin gudanar da cibiyoyin kuma ya zama:

* Mai kula da Makarantar Shaoxing ta Yammacin kasar Sin (绍興中西學堂 supervisor) 
* Shugaban Kwalejin Shanshan ta Gundumar Sheng
* Darakta-Malami na aji na musamman (特班總敎習) na Makarantar Jama'a ta Nanyang (wanda ya riga Jami'ar Shanghai Jiao Tong) 

Ya kafa Guangfuhui a 1904 kuma ya shiga Tongmenghui a Paris a shekara mai zuwa, kuma ya zama memba na ƙungiyar 'yan tawaye ta kasar Sin karkashin jagorancin Wu Zhihui, da Li Shizeng . Ya yi karatun falsafar, ilimin halayyar dan adam, da Tarihin fasaha a Jami'ar Leipzig ta Jamus a 1907 a karkashin Karl Lamprecht da Wilhelm Wundt . 

Ya zama Ministan Ilimi a sabuwar Jamhuriyar Sin a shekarar 1912.  A matsayinsa na Ministan Ilimi, Cai ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a yi amfani da fim don tallafawa ilimin jama'a.

## Gudummawa ga ilimi
A karkashin tasirin Cai, kuma tare da goyon bayansa ga masu karatu da malamai a New China, Jami'ar Peking ta zama muhimmiyar mahimmanci ga ci gaban ilimin kasar Sin da al'adu. Cai ya kafa Ma'aikatar Ilimi a 1927, wanda aka tsara bayan tsarin ilimin Faransa.

### Ilimi mai kyau
Cai ya kasance mai ba da shawara da kuma mai aiwatar da ilimin kyawawan kasar Sin. Ya inganta ci gaban ilimin kyawawan kasar Sin. Yana da nasa fahimta ta musamman game da kyawawan abubuwa wanda ya haɗa kyawawan abubuwa tare da kyawawan halaye na gargajiya na kasar Sin. Ya haɗa kyawawan abubuwa tare da ilimi da siyasa, wanda abubuwan da ya samu suka rinjayi shi. Ya jaddada muhimmancin kyawawan abubuwa don kwanciyar hankali da ci gaba. Bayan haka, ya ba da shawarar cewa kyawawan abubuwa suna da fa'ida ga samar da "halayyar jama'a da kyawawan halaye".

## Manazarta
Rina Yerushalmi

**Rina Yerushalmi** (Ibraniyawa; an haife ta a ranar 1 ga Maris, 1939) darektan gidan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma mai tsara wasan kwaikwayo na Isra'ila. Yerushalmi ta sami digirin digirin girmamawa daga Jami'ar Ibrananci ta Urushalima a shekara ta 2001 da Kyautar Isra'ila a gidan wasan kwaikwayo a shekara ta 2008, da sauran kyaututtuka da karbuwa.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Yerushalmi a ranar 1 ga Maris, 1939, a Afula, a arewacin Isra'ila, kuma an girma a Haifa . Mahaifiyarta, Haya (Angilovich) Yerushalmi, da mahaifinta, Saul Yerushalmi (asalin Yerusalimski), sun yi hijira zuwa Isra'ila daga Rasha a cikin 1920 da 1917, bi da bi. Mahaifiyarta ma'aikaciyar jinya ce, kuma mahaifinta injiniya ne. Yerushalmi ya fara karatun rawa yana da shekaru shida. A lokacin da take da shekaru 20, bayan da ta yi aiki a cikin Sojojin Tsaro na Isra'ila, Yerushalmi ta koma London, inda ta yi nazarin nazarin motsi na Laban tare da Kurt Jooss da kuma Gudanar da mataki a Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. A Isra'ila ta dawo, Yerushalm ta yi nazarin hanyar Lee Strasberg tare da Nola Chilton da Hanyar Feldenkrais tare da Moshe Feldenkrais. Yerushalmi ta koma Amurka a ƙarshen shekarun 1960 don neman MFA a wasan kwaikwayo a Jami'ar Carnegie Mellon da ke Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania . 

### Farkon aiki (1970-1988)
Ayyukan karshe na Yerushalmi a Carnegie Mellon, a karkashin jagorancin Farfesa Leon Katz, ya kasance karbuwa ne na Buchner's Woyzeck . A shekara ta 1970, bayan kammala MFA, Yerushalmi ta koma Birnin New York kuma ta fara aiki tare da Ellen Stewart's La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club a kauyen Gabashin Manhattan. Ta kasance darakta mai zama a La MaMA daga 1972 zuwa 1978. Yerushalmi ya ba da umarnin samar da abubuwa da yawa a La MaMa a cikin shekarun 1970 da farkon shekarun 1980, gami da: Toy Show (1970);  *Ta, Ta, Tatata* (1970);  Shekhina: The Bride (1971);  Some Such Things (1978);  Glasshouse (1980);  da *Yossele Golem* (1982). Ta kuma yi wasan kwaikwayo kuma ta yi a cikin An Ecumenical Theatrical Liturgy on the Rights of the Child (1979)  kuma ta yi aiki a *Shradanjali* (1982)  a La MaMa .

A wannan lokacin, ta kuma kafa reshe na La MaMa a Tel Aviv, wanda ke aiki daga 1972 zuwa 1974. 

### Ayyukan baya (1988-yanzu)
A shekara ta 1988, Yerushalmi ya ba da umarnin samar da Hamlet a bikin Acco na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Isra'ila. Bayan wannan samarwa, a cikin 1989, Yerushalmi ta kafa Itim Theater Ensemble, wanda ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha. An sadaukar da gidan wasan kwaikwayon don yin rubutun gargajiya a matsayin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na zamani.[1]

Biyu daga cikin manyan ayyukan Yerushalmi tare da Itim Theater Ensemble sun kasance Ayyukan Littafi Mai-Tsarki na I da II (1995-2000) da Mythos (2001/2002).  Shirin Littafi Mai-Tsarki ya kunshi *Va-Yomer, Va-Yelech* (Kuma Ya ce, Kuma Ya Yi Tafiya) da Va-Yishtahu, Va-Jera (Kuma Sun sunkuya, Kuma Ya Ga). 

## Manazarta
Jan Anderson (masanin kimiyya)

Joan Mary "**Jan**" **Anderson** FAA FRS (13 ga Mayu 1932 - 28 ga Agusta 2015) masanin kimiyya ne na New Zealand wanda ya yi aiki a Canberra, Ostiraliya, wanda ya bambanta da bincikensa na photosynthesis .

## Rayuwa
An haifi Joan Mary Anderson a 1932 a Queenstown, New Zealand . Mahaifinta Dokta Bill Anderson likita ne na kasar. Mahaifiyarta ta mutu, bayan dogon rashin lafiya, lokacin da Anderson ke da shekaru takwas. Bayan makarantar sakandare, Anderson ya yanke shawarar yin karatun ilmin sunadarai a Jami'ar Otago . A lokacin, Jami'ar New Zealand ce ta ba da digiri, kuma ta sami BSc da MSc tare da girmamawa na farko.

Ta sami tallafin karatu, King George V Memorial Fellowship for New Zealand, wanda ya ba ta damar gudanar da karatun digiri a Amurka na shekara guda. Lokacin da ta isa Jami'ar California, Berkeley, ta gano cewa ba a san digiri na biyu na New Zealand ba, wanda ya hana ta shiga ɗakin karatu, wuraren bincike, da inshorar lafiya. Don shawo kan wannan matsala, ta shiga karatun PhD, wanda ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Chemistry ta UC Berkeley (1956-59) a karkashin kulawar Melvin Calvin; Calvin ta sami kyautar Nobel a Chemistry a 1961.[1][2]

Daga nan sai ta koyar a makarantar sakandaren 'yan mata ta Wellington a karkashin jingina, amma ta karya wannan tsari don karɓar tayin aiki tare da Kungiyar Binciken Kimiyya da Masana'antu ta Commonwealth (CSIRO) da John Falk na CSIRO Plant Industry ya ba ta shekaru hudu da suka gabata.

Ita ce ta farko da ta nuna cewa tsarin photosynthetic ya ƙunshi abubuwa biyu masu mahimmanci: photosystem I da photosystem II. Anderson ya kasance farfesa a Jami'ar Kasa ta Australia . 

Anderson ya mutu a ranar 28 ga watan Agusta 2015.  An gudanar da jana'izarta a Cocin St John the Baptist, Reid, Canberra . 

## Kyaututtuka da girmamawa
Ta sami girmamawa da kyaututtuka da yawa saboda aikinta, gami da lambar yabo ta Lemberg a 1983,  zaben a matsayin Fellow na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Australiya a 1987, kuma a matsayin Fello na Royal Society a 1996. An ba ta digiri na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Umeå a shekarar 1998. An ba ta lambar yabo ta Centenary a shekara ta 2001. A cikin 2017, an zaba ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Royal Society na New Zealand ta "Mata 150 a cikin kalmomi 150. "

## Manazarta
Dutsen Arc

**Pierre d'Arc** (1408–1467) wani soja ne na Faransa wanda matsayinsa a tarihi ya samo asali ne daga hidimar da ya yi a cikin rundunar soja wadda ƙanwarsa Joan ta Arc ta yi fice a kai.

## Rayuwa
Aƙalla ɗan Jacques d'Arc da Isabelle Romée, Pierre da babban ɗan'uwansa Jéan sun yi yaƙi a ƙarƙashin tutar 'yar'uwarsu a Yaƙin Orléans .  An kama Pierre da Joan a Compiègne, amma an sake shi.  Bayan ya yi aiki a soja na tsawon shekaru da yawa, an ba shi sarautar jarumi kuma, bayan aurensa, ya haifi 'ya'ya maza biyu da 'ya mace ɗaya. Duke na Orleans ya ba shi tsibiri mai suna Ile-aux-Boeufs. 

Bayan an kashe Joan, wasu 'yan mata da dama sun fito suna ikirarin cewa su ne ita. [1] A shekara ta 1434, Pierre da Jéan sun karɓi Jeanne des Armoises (wanda ainihin sunansa shine Claude) na ɗan lokaci a matsayin ainihin Joan. [2] A cikin shekaru shida masu zuwa, 'yan'uwan da ake zargin 'yar'uwarsu sun yi tafiya daga gari zuwa gari, suna farawa daga Orléans, suna karɓar kyaututtuka masu yawa daga masoyan Joan da yawa, cikinsu har da Gimbiya Elizabeth ta Luxembourg (1390–1451), da Elisabeth von Görlitz, matar Yarima Anton na Burgundy . Sai Claude ya yi kuskuren haɗuwa da Charles VII na Faransa a Paris. Bai iya gaya masa sirrin da Joan ta gaya masa ba - wanda ya tabbatar wa Charles cewa Allah ne ya aiko Joan don ya kayar da Ingila - Claude ya amsa laifinsa, kuma ya roƙi gafarar sarki.

Babu wani cikakken bayani game da tarihin rayuwar Pierre d'Arc, har da shekarar da yanayin mutuwarsa. An san cewa ya mutu a Orleans kuma yana da zuri'a waɗanda suka samo asali daga zuriyarsu tsawon ƙarni zuwa 2000. 

## Gado
Clotilde Forgeot d'Arc, wacce ke da'awar cewa ita ce zuriyar Pierre kai tsaye, ta taka rawar Joan a bikin 2022 a Orléans don tunawa da 'yancin Joan na birnin.  Duk da haka, ana jayayya game da zuriyarta. Masanin tarihin iyali Michel de Sachy de Fourdrinoy ya rubuta a cikin *Bulletin de l' [[Ƙungiyar Faransanci|Alliance française]] na* Oktoba 1973: "babu sauran zuriyar 'yan'uwan Maid da aka sani".  Masanin ilimi François de Bouteiller ya gano cewa ɗan'uwan kakan Joan Charles du Lys (wanda ya mutu a 1632) shine "namiji na ƙarshe da ya rage a cikin zuriyar".  Kakan kakan Clotilde Henri Gautier ya sake wa 'ya'yansa suna "d'Arc" bayan Charles X ya ba shi Ordonnance Royale a 1827.  

## A cikin fim
A shekarar 1999, Pierre, wanda Justin Peroff ya fito a matsayin jarumi, ya kasance fitaccen jarumi a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen *Joan of Arc* .

## Manazarta
Polly Arnold

**Polly Louise Arnold** (an haife ta a ranar 24 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1972) masanin kimiyyar Burtaniya ce wacce ita ce darakta na sashen kimiyyar sinadarai a Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory kuma farfesa a fannin ilmin sunadarai a Jami'ar California, Berkeley .  A baya ta rike kujerar Crum Brown a Makarantar Chemistry, Jami'ar Edinburgh daga 2007 zuwa 2019 da kuma aikin injiniya da Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Jiki (EPSRC).

## Ilimi
Arnold ta yi karatu a makarantar sakandare ta Notting Hill da Ealing da Westminster. Ta yi karatun ilmin sunadarai a Kwalejin Brasenose, Oxford (BA) kuma ta yi aiki tare da   da Matthew Rosseinsky .  Ta koma Jami'ar Sussex don binciken digiri na biyu inda Geoffrey Cloke ke kula da digiri na Doctor of Philosophy .  

## Bincike da aiki
Binciken Arnold yana mai da hankali kan binciken sunadarai na roba, musamman a cikin yin hadaddun da ke nuna haɗin kai na musamman a farkon canjin ƙarfe, da lanthanide da actinide sunadarai. Irin wannan ilimin yana tallafawa binciken abubuwan da ke haifar da fahimtarmu game da halayyar sharar nukiliya.

Arnold ta kasance abokiyar Fulbright Program postdoctoral a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT) inda ta yi aiki tare da Christopher C. Cummins kafin ta koma Burtaniya zuwa lacca a 1999.  Binciken ta yana mai da hankali kan ƙira da kira na ƙwayoyin f-block masu rikitarwa waɗanda zasu iya kunna ƙananan kwayoyin inert kamar carbon oxides, dinitrogen, da hydrocarbons, kuma hakan zai iya samar da mahimman bayanai game da tsari da haɗin kai a kasan teburin lokaci.

Arnold ya ba da laccoci a duniya, ya shawarci gwamnati da masana'antu, kuma yana bayyana a kai a kai a kan manyan kafofin watsa labarai da kafofin sada zumunta  don tattauna muhimmancin da fa'idodin bambancin a cikin ma'aikatan kimiyya, fasaha, injiniya, da lissafi (STEM). 

### Kyaututtuka da girmamawa
An ba Arnold lambar yabo ta Rosalind Franklin a shekarar 2012 saboda nasarorin da ta samu a kimiyya, da kuma cancanta a matsayin abin koyi da kuma tayin inganta mata a kimiyya, fasaha, injiniya, da lissafi (STEM).  An yi amfani da wannan lambar yabo don tallafawa ƙirƙirar fim din A Chemical Imbalance, inda ita ce babban furodusa. A wannan shekarar, an kuma ba ta lambar yabo ta Royal Society of Chemistry ta Corday-Morgan saboda "babban gudummawa ga aikace-aikacen sunadarai na uranium na organometallic don kunna ƙananan kwayoyin",  kuma an zabe ta Fellow na Royal Society na Edinburgh (FRSE).  A shekara ta 2015, an ba Arnold lambar yabo ta Injiniya da Kimiyya ta Jiki.

An nada ta Jami'in Order of the British Empire (OBE) a cikin girmamawar ranar haihuwar 2017 don hidimomi ga ilmin sunadarai da mata a STEM . 

A cikin 2018, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson saboda aikinta a kan ilmin sunadarai na transuranic organometallic, kuma har zuwa yanzu, ita ce mace kadai da aka ba ta wannan lambar yabo tun lokacin da aka fara ta a 1999. [1] An zabe ta Fellow na Royal Society (FRS) a cikin 2018 don gudummawa mai yawa ga inganta ilimin halitta.[2] An zabe ta Fellow na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a shekarar 2024. [3]

## Manazarta
Miriam Zohar

**Miriam Zohar** (Ibraniyawa; an haife ta a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 1931) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Isra'ila. Tana daga cikin Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Beit Lessin a Tel Aviv . 

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Zohar kuma ta zauna a Czernowitz, sannan Romania, tare da iyalinta har zuwa 1941.  A wannan shekarar, Jamusawa sun mamaye birnin kuma an kori Zohar, dan uwanta da iyayenta zuwa Transnistria (yanzu yammacin Ukraine).  A Transnistria, an tilasta mata da iyalinta yin aiki tuƙuru a sansanonin aiki na Nazi. A shekara ta 1944, Sojojin Soviet sun 'yantar da su daga sojojin Nazi kuma Zohar da iyalinta sun koma Czernowitz. A shekara ta 1946, an kama mahaifinta kuma aka kai ta Tarayyar Soviet .  Ba da daɗewa ba bayan da aka ɗaure shi da mutuwarsa, sauran iyalinta suka koma Timișoara a Transylvania .  A shekara ta 1948, iyalin sun yi ƙoƙari su yi ƙaura ba bisa ka'ida ba zuwa Falasdinu a kan *Pan York* .  Koyaya, jiragen ruwa na Birtaniya sun kama *Pan York* kuma an sanya fasinjojin a sansanonin tsare-tsare a Cyprus. A shekara ta 1949, ita da iyalinta sun isa Isra'ila.

A Isra'ila, an gayyaci Zohar don yin wasan kwaikwayo a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Yiddish inda Habimah ta lura da ita.[1] A shekara ta 1951, ta yi gwaji kuma an yarda da ita a cikin Habimah inda ta yi wasa har zuwa 1994. Zohar (ma'anar "kyakkyawan" a cikin Ibrananci) sunan mataki ne da ta karɓa lokacin da ta yi aiki tare da Habimah . [2] A lokacin da take Habimah, ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin shahararrun wasan kwaikwayo a duniya a karkashin darektan, Hy Kalus .[3] An san ta musamman saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin Martha a Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?. [4]

Bayan barin Habimah, ta fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a Beit Lessin, inda ta yi aiki tare da mai wasan kwaikwayo da darektan, Shemuel Hasfari . 

Zohar ta sami digirin digirin girmamawa daga Jami'ar Bar-Ilan saboda aikinta na wasan kwaikwayo. Ta sami kyautar Aharon Ashman a shekarar 1980 saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin The Stroll ta Maria Földes . A shekara ta 1987, ta sami lambar yabo ta Isra'ila saboda aikinta a wasan kwaikwayo. A shekara ta 2004, ta kasance a cikin fim din, The Schwartz Dynasty .  A shekara ta 2015, an zabi ta don lambar yabo ta Ophir a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau don rawar da ta taka a Fire Birds . 

## Manazarta
Nurit Zarchi

**Nurit Zarchi** (Ibraniyawa; an haife shi a Urushalima, 19 ga Oktoba, 1941; 28 Tishri 5702 AM) mawaki ne na Isra'ila kuma marubuci ga manya da yara.

Mahaifinta marubuci ne Isra'ila Zarchi . Ya mutu lokacin da take 'yar shekara shida, ya bar ta maraya. An haife ta ne a Kibbutz Geva a matsayin baƙo. Daga baya ta tafi Ein Harod, inda ta kammala karatun sakandare. Bayan aikin soja, ta kammala karatu a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam a Jami'ar Ibrananci ta Urushalima . Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin adabi da falsafar a Jami'ar Tel Aviv .

Zarchi ya wallafa waƙoƙi da yawa a cikin jaridu na yara. Ta kasance 'yar jarida ga Yedioth Ahronoth . Ta wallafa littattafai sama da ɗari na wallafe-wallafen yara, shayari, rubutu, da bincike. 

## Kyaututtuka
A cikin 1999, Zarchi ya kasance mai karɓar (tare da Aharon Almog da Yoram Kaniuk) na Kyautar Bialik don adabi.[1] Bugu da kari, an ba ta wasu kyaututtuka masu daraja da yawa don aikinta na wallafe-wallafen, gami da Kyautar Firayim Minista da kuma ambaton da yawa a kan IBBY (International Board on Books for Young People) Honour List. A cikin 2021 ta sami Kyautar Isra'ila don adabi.

## Littattafan da aka zaɓa

* Otobiographya Shell Delet ("Autobiography of a Door", 2018) 
* *Balua* (Ya haɗiye", 2016) 
* *Ahavata Shell Rosie Postil* (Rosie Postil's Love, 2014) 
* *Bezel Gvirtenu* ("A cikin Inuwa ta Uwargidanmu", 2013) 
* *Ani Ohev Lishrok Ba-Rehov* ("Ina son yin busa a kan titi", 1967) 
* *Kaf Etz U-Kdera Shtuha* ("Kwanin katako da Flat Plate", 1969) 
* *Avigail Me-Har Ha-Melakhim* ("Abigail daga Dutsen Sarakuna", 1989) 
* *Amori Asig Atusa* ("Amori ta kama ta tashi", 1992) 
* Tinturu, A Tiny Elephant (a cikin fassarar Turanci, 1996), asali *Tinturu Pila Ketana Meod* (1993) 
* *Miligram* ("Milligram", 1997) 
* Cristabella O Sh'ela L'Rembrandt ("Cristabella ko Tambaya ga Rembrandt", 1997) 
* *Ketem Keter Ketchup Ahava* ("Launi, Crown, Ketchup, Ƙauna", 1998) 
* *Ha-Ritzpa Mitnadnedet* ("The Floor Rocks", 2003) 
* *Sipur Lo Shimushi* ("Labari mara amfani", 2003) 
* *Pa'am Haya Ve-Pa'am Lo* ("Da zarar ya kasance, Da zarar bai kasance ba", 2004) 

## Manazarta
Brigitte Askonas

**Brigitte Alice Askonas** FRS FMedSci (1 ga Afrilu 1923 - 9 ga Janairu 2013)  ta kasance likitan rigakafin Burtaniya  kuma farfesa mai ziyara a Kwalejin Imperial ta London daga 1995.

## Ilimi
An haifi Brigitte Askonas ga iyayen Czechoslovak, Yahudawa da suka tuba zuwa Katolika, waɗanda suka tsere daga Austria bayan mamayar Nazi. Askonas da aka haifa a Vienna ta yi karatun ilmin sunadarai a Jami'ar McGill (BSc, MSc) kuma ta gudanar da aikinta na digiri a makarantar ilmin sunayyaki a Jami'an Cambridge inda ta kasance daliba a Kwalejin Girton, Cambridge kuma ta yi aiki a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Frederick Sanger daga 1948 zuwa 1952.     : 89 : 89 

Matsayinta a cikin sashen ya haɗa da fitattun masana kimiyya guda biyu, Marjory Stephenson da Dorothy Needham,  biyu daga cikin mata na farko da aka zaba zuwa Royal Society. Ta ce sun koya mata cewa "kimiyya mai kyau tana samun karbuwa ba tare da la'akari da jima'i na masanin kimiyya ba". Malcolm Dixon ne ya kula da bincikenta na PhD.  

## Ayyuka da bincike
Matsayinta na farko ya kasance a Cibiyar Nazarin Zuciya ta Allan (wanda ke da alaƙa da Jami'ar McGill).  A shekara ta 1952, ta shiga ma'aikatan Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa (NIMR) inda ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar sashen Immunology daga 1976 zuwa 1988.

A wannan lokacin, ta yi aiki sosai tare da ɗan'uwanta masanin rigakafi John H. Humphrey don kafa ƙungiyoyin rigakafi. Askonas ya mayar da hankali kan sel B kuma ya ƙayyade rawar da suke takawa wajen samar da magungunan rigakafi a matsayin wani ɓangare na amsawar rigakafi.

A NIMR ta fara bincike kan biosynthesis na peptide" id="mwfw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Polypeptide">polypeptides a cikin sunadarai na madara ta gano cewa an hada peptides daga Amino acid da sauri a cikin yanki ɗaya.[1] Daga 1955 zuwa 1959 ta yi nazarin shafukan da ke tattare da maganin rigakafi ta amfani da rediyo don bunkasa fahimtarmu game da kwayoyin rigakafi da sel na Tsarin rigakafi. Daga 1959 zuwa 1961 ta yi nazarin kumburi na plasma a matsayin samfuran samar da maganin rigakafi. Ta ci gaba da bincika macrophages da rawar da suka taka a gabatar da antigen (1962-1968). Daga 1963 zuwa 1966 ta yi nazarin makomar antigen dangane da samar da maganin rigakafi kuma daga baya ta ci gaba da karatun ta na sel B daga 1965 zuwa 1970. [1]

Ta rubuta tarihin rayuwa da yawa na manyan masana kimiyya, ciki har da Niels Kaj Jerne,  César Milstein  da John Herbert Humphrey.  Askonas ya gudanar da hira da Stanley Peart a matsayin wani ɓangare na abin da ya zama Medical Sciences Video Archive  wanda ke cikin tarin musamman na ɗakin karatu a Jami'ar Oxford Brookes.

## Manazarta
Amalafrida

**Amalafrida** ( Gothic   ; kafin 475 – fl. 523) sarauniyar Vandals ce ta aure da Thrasamund . Ita 'yar Theodemir ce, sarkin Ostrogoths, da matarsa Erelieva . Ita 'yar'uwar Theodoric the Great ce, kuma mahaifiyar Theodahad, dukkansu kuma sarakunan Ostrogoths ne.

A shekara ta 500, Theodoric, mai mulkin Masarautar Ostrogothic a Italiya, ya shirya kawancen aure da Thrasamund, sarkin Vandals a Arewacin Afirka, don ƙara ƙarfafa ikonsa kan Vandals. Thrasamund ya zama mijin Amalfrida na biyu. Ta kawo sadaki mai yawa, amma kuma jaruman Gothic 1,000 da kuma masu riƙe da makamai 5,000. 

Bayan mutuwar mijinta Thrasamund, magajinsa Hilderic ya bayar da umarni a dawo da dukkan bishop-bishop na Katolika daga gudun hijira, da kuma Boniface, wani mai tsaurin ra'ayin addini, bishop na Cocin Afirka. A mayar da martani, Amalfrida ta jagoranci wata ƙungiyar tawaye; ta yi kira da taimakon Moors, aka haɗu a yaƙin a Capsa, kimanin mil ɗari uku zuwa kudu da babban birnin Carthage, a gefen hamadar Libya. [1]

A shekara ta 523, an ci nasara a kan ƙungiyar Amalafrida, kuma Hilderic ya sa aka kama ta aka daure ta a wani yunƙuri na nasara na kawar da mulkin Ostrogothic; ya kuma kashe sojojinta na Gothic. Ta mutu a gidan yari, ba a san ainihin ranar ba. 

Amalafrida tana da 'ya'ya biyu, Theodahad da Amalaberga da aka ambata a baya, waɗanda suka auri Hermanfrid, sarkin Thuringii . Ba a san ko wanene uban waɗannan yaran ba.

## Littattafan tarihi

* JR Martindale, *Littafin Gabatarwa na Daular Romawa ta Ƙarshe*, vol. 2, Cambridge 1980, shafi na 1.&nbsp;63–64.
* M. Cristini, *Il seguito ostrogoto di Amalafrida: confutazione di Procopio, Bellum Vandalicum 1.8.12*, a cikin «Klio», 99 (2017), shafi.&nbsp;278–289.

## Manazarta
Mariann Bienz

**Mariann Bienz, Lady Pelham** (an haife ta a ranar 21 ga watan Disamba 1953, Winterthur) masanin kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta ce ta Switzerland-Birtaniya  da ke zaune a Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya ta Burtaniya. Ta kasance memba na Babban Ma'aikatan Kimiyya tun daga 1991,  ta kasance Babban Shugaban Kwayar Kwayar halitta a 2007-08  kuma ta kasance Shugaba na Ƙungiyar Protein da Nucleic Acid Chemistry Division tun daga 2008.

## Ilimi
Ta yi karatu a Gymnasium Winterthur da Jami'ar Zürich inda ta yi karatun Zoology da Molecular Biology kuma ta sami PhD a 1981. 

## Ayyuka da bincike
Bienz daga baya ya gudanar da bincike na postdoctoral a LMB kuma a 1986 ya koma Zürich a matsayin mataimakin farfesa, sannan (1990) mataimakin Farfesa kuma yana aiki a matsayin memba na EMBO a 1989. [1]

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Ya auri masanin ilimin halitta Sir Hugh Pelham tun shekara ta 1996.

## Kyaututtuka da girmamawa

* memba na EMBO, 1989 
* Kyautar Friedrich Miescher, Swiss Biochemical Society, 1990
* Fellow na Royal Society (FRS), 2003 
* Fellow na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kiwon Lafiya (FMedSci), 2006

## Manazarta