Kabari na Bukit Brown

Kabarin Bukit Brown, wanda aka fi sani da Kabarin Bukat Brown ko Kabarin Buket Brown na kasar Sin, yana cikin Novena a Yankin Tsakiya na Singapore. Shafin makabartar mallakar George Henry Brown ne, ɗan kasuwa na Burtaniya. An san shi da Brown's Hill, wanda aka fassara zuwa Malay a matsayin Bukit Brown . Daga ƙarshe an ba da shafin ga Seh Ong Kongsi, wanda ya buɗe makabartar dangin masu zaman kansu a can a cikin shekarun 1870.

Da farko a cikin shekarun 1880, makabarta a Singapore sun girma cikin sauri. A shekara ta 1887, Majalisar Dokoki ta zartar da lissafin da ya iyakance halittar su, musamman iyakance makabarta na kasar Sin. Al'ummar kasar Sin sun yi kira da a kirkiro makabartar birni, suna da 'yan zaɓuɓɓuka kaɗan don binne matattu. Shahararrun magoya bayan manufar sun hada da Tan Kheam Hock da Lim Boon Keng . Hukumar ta gari ta fara neman wuraren da suka dace kuma ta zauna a ƙasar Seh Ong Kongsi, ta sami shafin a cikin 1919 ta hanyar sayen tilas.

Shekaru uku bayan haka Hukumar ta bude Kabari na Bukit Brown. Kodayake da farko ba a yarda da shi ba tare da al'ummar kasar Sin, bayan wasu gyare-gyare, amfani ya karu. A shekara ta 1929, kashi arba'in cikin dari na Sinawa da aka binne a Singapore an binne su a Kabari na Bukit Brown . Kabarin ya ƙare da wuraren da ba a adana su ba a 1944, kuma lokacin da aka gudanar da jana'izar karshe a 1973 makabarta ta ƙunshi kusan kaburbura 100,000. A cikin shekara ta 2011, gwamnati ta sanya yankin don ci gaban zama, wanda ya haifar da zanga-zangar daga masu fafutuka waɗanda suka yi imanin cewa ya kamata a adana makabarta. A shekara mai zuwa, an gano kusan kaburbura 3,700 don gina babbar hanyar layi takwas. An sanya makabartar a matsayin "a cikin haɗari" a kan 2014 World Monuments Watch, kuma an sami shawarwari don sanya shi a matsayin abin tunawa na kasa.￼

An yi imanin cewa Kabari na Bukit Brown shine mafi girman kabari na kasar Sin a waje da kasar Sin, kuma shine wurin binne yawancin majagaba na farko na Singapore. Masu ba da shawara game da kiyayewa suna tallafawa kiyaye Bukit Brown da sauran makabarta da ke kusa da su don ciyayi, dabbobin daji, da al'adunsu. Ana gudanar da bukukuwan gargajiya na kasar Sin a kai a kai a waɗannan makabarta.

## Magana
Ana kiran makabarta da kewayen yankin da *bukit* Brown (bukit ma'anar tudu a Malay), bayan George Henry Brown, asalin mai mallakar ƙasar da makabarta take. An kuma san makabartar da Bukit Brown Municipal Cemetery ko Bukit Brown Chinese Cemetery .  Sunan shine sunan farko na hukuma a Singapore ta hanyar haɗuwa da harsuna da yawa, gami da Turanci da Malay. Brown ya ba da sunan *tudun* inda makabartar take Mount Pleasant; ana kuma kiranta da Coffee Hill ko Kopi Sua.

## Tarihi

### 1800s: Cibiyoyin farko

George Henry Brown (1826-1882) ɗan kasuwa ne na Burtaniya na ƙarni na goma sha tara kuma mai mallakar jirgin ruwa wanda ya isa Singapore (sa'an nan kuma wani ɓangare na Straits Settlements) a cikin shekarun 1840 kuma ya zauna a can har zuwa mutuwarsa bayan hatsari a Penang a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 1882. Ya mallaki jiragen ruwa uku kuma ya yi karusar dawakai.

Kasuwancin Brown G. H. Brown & Co yana cikin Raffles Place. Brown ya auri Ellen Brown (1827-1903) a 1854 kuma suna da 'ya'ya da yawa. Brown an san shi da sha'awar kiɗa; ya buga kwayar a St. Andrew's Cathedral . Brown kuma ya mallaki filaye da yawa a cikin mulkin mallaka; waɗannan sun haɗa da wani makirci wanda ke da tuddai, wanda ya kira Mount Pleasant . Brown ya gina gidan da ya kira Fern Cottage a Mount Pleasant . Kokarinta na shuka nutmeg da kofi a shafin bai yi nasara ba. An kira ƙasar da Brown's Hill, wanda aka fassara zuwa Malay a matsayin Bukit Brown .  An lissafa shi a matsayin Bukit Brown ta masu yin taswirar Burtaniya.

Brown daga baya ya sayar da ƙasar ga Indiya Chettiar Mootapa Chitty da ɗan kasuwa na kasar Sin Lim Chu Yi, wanda daga bisani ya sayar da ƙasa ga Ong Hew Ko, Ong Ewe Hai, da Ong Chong Chew. Wadannan uku sun ba da ƙasar ga Seh Ong Kongsi a cikin 1872  wanda, wani lokaci a cikin shekarun 1870, ya juya ƙasar zuwa makabartar masu zaman kansu ga membobinsu, wanda ya haifar da cewa an san shi da Kabari na Seh Ong;   da farko an shirya shi don a yi amfani da shi azaman ƙauye ga baƙi na kasar Sin.  Hokkien Huay Kuan kuma sun binne danginsu a can.

## Manazarta