Cibiyar Tarihi ta Lima

Kasancewa a cikin tsakiyar gari ko yankunan Cercado de Lima da Rímac, **Cibiyar Tarihi ta Lima** tana cikin mahimman wuraren yawon buɗe ido a Peru.

## Tushe

Birnin Lima, babban birnin kasar Peru, Francisco Pizarro ne ya kafa shi a ranar 18 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1535, kuma aka ba shi sunan **birnin Sarakuna**. Duk da haka, bayan lokaci sunansa na asali ya ci gaba, wanda zai iya fitowa daga ɗaya daga cikin tushe guda biyu: Ko dai yaren Aymara *lima-limaq* (ma'anar "furan rawaya"), ko kuma lafazin Mutanen Espanya na kalmar Quechuan *rimaq* (ma'ana "mai magana", kuma a zahiri. rubuta da kuma furta limaq a cikin harsunan Quechua I na kusa). Ba kome ba ne cewa kalmar Quechuan guda ɗaya ita ce tushen sunan da aka ba kogin da ke ciyar da birnin, kogin Rímac (wanda ake magana da shi a cikin harsunan Quechua II masu rinjaye na siyasa, tare da "r" maimakon "l"). Taswirorin farko na Peru suna nuna sunaye biyu da aka nuna tare.

A cikin shekarar 1988, UNESCO ta ayyana cibiyar tarihi ta Lima a matsayin Cibiyar Tarihi ta Duniya saboda asalinta da babban tarin abubuwan tarihi da aka gina a lokacin kasancewar Mutanen Espanya.

## Baranda na Lima

Daga cikin gine-ginen da ke tsakiyar cibiyar tarihi ta Lima, akwai baranda sama da 1,600 da aka gina a zamanin mataimaka da kuma a cikin jamhuriyar. Don ci gaba da kiyayewa, gundumar Lima ta gayyaci mutane da kamfanoni don ɗaukar baranda don kula da su kamar sababbi ne. Yawancin waɗannan baranda yana ƙara daidaituwa da asali ga wannan yanki na birni.

## Almubazzaranci na mulkin mallaka
A lokacin Mataimakin Shugabancin Peru, an ƙirƙiri aikin fasaha, ɗaukaka, girma da almara rayuwar sarauta.

Ikon mataimakin, kamar wakilin masarautar Spain yana da mahimmanci musamman, tunda nadin nasa yana da mahimmanci hawa da kuma nasarar nasarar tseren a cikin mulkin mallaka.

Ƙofofin shiga Lima na sababbin mataimakan sun kasance masu kayatarwa na musamman. Domin bikin, an shimfida tituna da sandunan azurfa daga kofofin birnin Lima zuwa fadar mataimakinsa.

## Babban abubuwan tunawa

### Fadar Archbishop
Fadar Archbishop ita ce gidan Archbishop na Lima. Shahararriyar wurin shakatawa ce a cibiyar Tarihi ta Lima, Peru. Babban coci na farko ya fara gini a shekara ta 1535. Paparoma Paul III ya mai da ita wurin zama na bishop a shekara ta 1541. A 1547, Lima ya zama babban coci, wanda ya mai da shi da ɗan gajeren lokaci, a cikin mafi girman kabila na majami'u na duniya. Majiɓincin wurin zama na bishop shine Saint Rosa na Lima.

### Gidan kayan tarihi na fasahar Italiyanci
Gidan kayan tarihi na fasahar Italiyanci shine kawai gidan kayan gargajiya na Turai na Peru. Yana da tarin zane-zane, sassaka, zane-zane, kwafi da tukwane na masu fasahar Italiya tun farkon karni na 20, da kuma tarin zane-zane na Italiyanci 35 na zamani.

### Gidan Aliaga
An gina wannan gidan a shekara ta 1535 akan wani wuri mai tsarki na pre-Columbian. An gina shi a ranar, wanda aka raba tare da na kafuwar birni, zuriyar mai mallakar farko, Jerónimo de Aliaga, mai ɗaukar ma'auni kuma mai ba da izini ga Francisco Pizarro ne ya zauna ta dindindin. Wannan gida shi ne mafi tsufa a cikin birnin kuma yana fuskantar fadar gwamnati, tsohuwar kujerar mulkin Pizarro, a wani titin gefe. Majami'un su, masu yawa da kayan marmari da kuma patio na ciki, suna da dukkan halaye na manyan gidajen tarihi na cibiyar tarihi na Lima na lokacin mataimaka. Ganin cikakkiyar yanayin kiyayewa, a cikin yanayi na musamman, wannan gidan sau da yawa yana ɗaukar wasu al'amuran al'adu. Gidan, wanda har yanzu gida ne mai zaman kansa, ana iya ziyartan shi ta hanyar shiryawa tare da kuɗin shiga kusan $11 US.

### Gidan Oidor

A cikin wannan gida, ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin birni, ya rayu da Oidor, wanda masarautar Spain ta sanya wa suna don yin aiki a cikin mulkin mallaka. Oidor yana da ta ayyuka don ketare yankin da ake gudanarwa don sarrafa gwamnatinsa. A wannan ma'ana, ya shawarci mataimakin a matsayin mai ba da shawara.

### Gidan Pilatos
Wannan ɗayan tsoffin gidajen Lima ne, wanda wani limamin Jesuit mai suna Ruiz Portillo ya gina a cikin 1590. Mutanen Espanya sun ba da sunan wannan babban gidan da suka isa kuma suka bayyana kamancen gidan da daya a Seville.

### Gidan Goyeneche
Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun gidaje na cibiyar tarihi, wanda aka gina a tsakiyar karni na 18 tare da tasirin Faransanci. Ɗayan yana cikin asalin yanayinsa tare da baranda na musamman na Lima na mulkin mallaka.

### Gidan Riva Agüero
Iyalin Riva Agüero ne suka gina wannan gidan a ƙarni na 18, wanda memba na ƙarshe, haziƙi José de la Riva-Agüero, ya ba da gudummawar ga Jami’ar Katolika ta Fafaroma ta Peru. A halin yanzu ana amfani da Agüero kamar hedkwatar Cibiyar Riva, yana adana fayil ɗin tarihi mai ban sha'awa da ɗakin karatu da ake amfani da shi a lokaci guda ta wurin Gidan Tarihi na Mashahurin Art na PUCP.

### Cathedral na Basílica

An fara ginin Cathedral na Lima a shekara ta 1535—a wannan shekarar ne aka kafa birnin. Cathedral na Lima yana nuna gine-gine na zamanin mulkin mallaka na Spain. Pews na babban coci da benci na ƙungiyar mawaƙa suna da inganci mafi kyau. Babban bagadi yana da zinari kuma yana da hotunan zamanin mulkin mallaka. A cikin babban coci akwai toka na Francisco Pizarro, wanda ya kafa Lima. A kowace shekara, a cikin watan kishin kasa, ana bikin taron Te Deum don nuna godiya ta samun 'yancin kai daga Spain. Wani al'ada da Cardinal Juan Luis Cipriani ya sake ɗauka, shine ya ba da taron jama'a duk ranar Lahadi da ƙarfe 11:00 a.m. A cikin 2005 magajin garin Lima ya ƙirƙiro aikin haskaka wajen babban cocin da sabbin fitulu.

### Basílica na Uwargidanmu na Rosary da Convent na Santo Domingo

An ɗauki jinkiri fiye da shekaru 50 don gina majami'a da Convent na Santo Domingo, saboda an fara aikin a daidai lokacin da kafuwar Lima da ƙarshen karni na 16 da aka yi alama a ƙarshensa. Ikklisiya tana da naves guda uku tare da sassaƙaƙƙun mason ashlar a itacen al'ul. Ikklisiya tana da rawanin babban kofi. Cikin ciki yana nuna hotuna daga farkon shekarun birnin da kuma hoton Uwargidanmu Budurwar Rosary, wacce ta fara isa kwarin Rímac, Majiɓincin birnin, yana da alaƙa mai zurfi tare da tsarkakan Peruvian kuma ta hanyar sadaukarwarta ta ban mamaki. an nada sarautar ne a shekara ta 1927, a wani lamari na musamman a tarihin addini na kasar. A gefe guda, gidan zuhudu, kamar duk, yana da claustros mai ban sha'awa kuma a cikin wannan yanayin, tare da salon Sevillian patios fale-falen fale-falen su na yau da kullun. Babban dakinsa na salon baroque ne. A nan ne, a cikin shekarar 1551, aka kafa Jami'ar Ƙasa ta San Marcos, ta farko a cikin Amurka. Haikalin Our Lady of the Rosary (ainihin sunan cocin Santo Domingo) an ɗaukaka shi zuwa nau'in basilica a cikin shekarar 1930, kuma a cikinsa akwai bagadin tsarkaka na Peruvian, wanda dubban mazauna Peru ke ziyarta kowace shekara. kuma da yawa daga kasashen waje.

### Basílica da Convent na San Francisco

An gina wannan rukunin gine-gine a ƙarni na 17 kuma coci da majami'u na San Francisco ne suka gina shi, da kuma wuraren ibada na kaɗaici da Mu'ujiza. A lokacin ziyarar ku za a iya godiya da claustros, patios ɗin su da aka ƙawata da tayal Sevillian da ɗakin karatu. Anan shine hedkwatar **Gidan kayan tarihi na fasahar addini** da **Dakin Zurbarán**. A karkashin wannan katafaren akwai hanyar sadarwa na gidajen tarihi na karkashin kasa da catacombs wadanda suka kasance makabarta a lokacin mulkin mallaka wadanda kuma ake ziyarta sosai.

### Basílica La Merced
An gina Cocin Merced a karni na 18 tare da salon churrigueresco; godiya da shi kamar na waje kamar na ciki, baƙo yana faruwa da ra'ayi na ƙawa na gine-gine na lokacin. A cikin wannan cocin, cike da ayyukan fasaha ana ba da fifiko kan babban bagadi don girmama Budurwar Mercedes da sacristía guda ɗaya tare da fale-falen Arabiya. Anan yana yiwuwa a ga ɗaya daga cikin ɗakunan tarin zane-zane da masu mulkin mallaka na birnin. Budurwar Mercedes ita ce majiɓincin Arms na al'umma.

### Wuri Mai Tsarki da Monastery na Las Nazarena
Wuri Mai Tsarki inda ake girmama babban ibadar Katolika na Peruvian *Ubangijin Al'ajibai*, **Señor de los Milagros**, wanda shine Majiɓincin birnin. An gina shi tare da gidan sufi na Nazarenas a cikin karni na 18, bayan girgizar kasa ta Lima-Callao ta 1746.

### Basílica na San Pedro
Babban cocin Society of Jesus a Peru, an gina shi a cikin 1638 azaman Cocin San Pablo Apóstol. A 1767 an kira shi San Pedro.

### Fadar Gwamnati
Fadar gwamnati gidan shugaban kasar ne. Asalin sunansa shine House of Pizarro amma ba bisa ka'ida ba an sanya masa suna kamar Fadar Gwamnati.

### Fadar Torre Tagle

Fadar Torre Tagle mai yiwuwa ita ce babban gidan da aka gina a farkon karni na 18. Da farko na Don Bernardine Jose na Tagle Portocarrero, na huɗu kuma na ƙarshe Marquess na Torre Tagle. Ƙasar Peruvian ta sami shi a cikin 1918 kuma daga 1919 ita ce babban hedkwatar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Peru. An yi shi da gine-gine na Limean na fasaha wanda ke bayyana asalinsa kuma yana nuna gudummawar kabilanci na Mataimakin Shugabancin Peru, yana daidaita su cikin jituwa. Yana da murfin dutse da aka sassaƙa da baranda guda biyu, waɗanda ingantattun kayan ado ne na *Birnin Sarakuna*. Daya yana cikin cikakkiyar yanayin kiyayewa.

### Jami'ar San Marcos "Casona" da wurin shakatawa na jami'a
An gina wannan wurin shakatawa a shekara ta 1870. A cikin 1921 wurin shakatawa yana cikin inda Cibiyar al'adu ta Jami'ar Kasa ta San Marcos take yanzu. A yayin cika shekaru dari da samun 'yancin kai na al'ummar kasar, gwamnatin kasar Jamus ta shirya gina Hasumiyar Agogo mai tsawon mita 30. Da tsakar rana, ƙararrawarsu ta taɓa bayanin taken taken ƙasar.

### Plaza Mayor
Plaza Major yana wurin da Francisco Pizarro ya kafa Lima. Da farko, akwai ƙananan shaguna da kasuwanci. Hakanan, wurin da bijimai suka wuce gona da iri kuma yayi aiki kamar wurin da aka yanke hukuncin kisa har sai da Kotun Santa Inquisición ta mutu. A cikin 1651, an sanya baturin tagulla a tsakiyar wurin zama wanda ya kasance har zuwa yau. Ya kasance a cikin Magajin Plaza inda aka yi shelarsa, a cikin 1821, Dokar Independence na Peru. Gwamnati, Municipality na Lima, Cathedral da Fadar Archbishop sun kewaye fadar.

### Plaza San Martín
An kaddamar da wannan filin wasa a shekara ta 1921 a daidai lokacin da ake cika shekaru dari da samun 'yancin kai na Peru. A tsakiyar ɓangaren, akwai abin tunawa don girmama Janar José de San Martín. Wani sculptor na Catalan Mariano Benlliure ne ya gina shi. A cikin wannan filin na muhimman gine-gine, tsohon Hotel Bolívar yana tsaye, wanda har zuwa sabon karni, ya kasance mafi kyawun Lima, da kuma Club Nacional, ramin ruwa ga manyan al'ummar Lima. Dandalin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin alamomin Lima da yawa.

### Plaza Dos de Mayo
Plaza dos de Mayo wani fili ne da gwamnatin Peru ta gina a shekara ta 1874 don tunawa da yakin Callao wanda ya faru a ranar 2 ga Mayu 1866.

### Kotun Santo Oficio
An kafa kotun ta Santo Oficio a shekara ta 1569 da manufar sanya takunkumin karya addini da sauran laifuffuka ga addinin Katolika. An shafe shi daga 1820. A gefen waje na wannan abin tunawa yana yiwuwa a ga wani shinge mai ban sha'awa na neoclassic kuma, a cikin babban zauren, babban ɗakin katako da aka sassaka, wanda aka dauke shi mafi kyau a cikin birni.

## Hotuna

File:San Martin de Porres in Lima.JPG|San Martin de Porres in Lima
File:Lima Plaza de Armas - Independence Day - Lima, Peru (4869775883).jpg|Lima Plaza de Armas - Independence Day - Lima, Peru
File:Historic Centre of Lima-110464.jpg|Historic Centre of Lima-110464


## Manazarta
"Peru Altitude". Retrieved 28 July 2014.

"Lima Population 2023". worldpopulationreview.com. Retrieved 7 April 2023.

"INEI: Lima cuenta con 9 millones 752 mil habitantes". larepublica.pe (in Spanish). La República. 17 January 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2020.[dead link]