Jami'a

**Jami'a:** babbar cibiyar ilmantarwa ce. Kalmar *jami'a ta* fito ne daga Latin *universitis magistrorum et scholarium*, wanda ke nufin "ƙungiyar malamai da malamai".  Ɗalibai na iya zuwa jami'a don samun ilimin digiri. Saɓanin karatun da suka yi a baya, kwasa-kwasan a jami'a kwararru ne. Mutumin da yake karatun nazarin halittu a jami'a yana da kwasa-kwasai da yawa game da ilimin halitta da ƙananan kwasa-kwasan a wasu fannoni kamar yare ko tarihi. Don samun digiri mafi girma, dole ne mutane suyi ɗan bincike.

Ba duk darussan ake bayarwa a jami'o'i ba. Galibi, jami'o'i suna ba da kwasa-kwasan da suka shafi ilimin. Galibi ba sa ba da kwasa-kwasan sana'a. A wasu lokuta kamar doka, inda akwai ilimin  maganganu na yau da kullun, jami'a tana yin akasarin ƙa'idojin batun. Cancantar a aikace wasu wurare ne.

## Tarihi

Jami'o'in an kirkire su ne a Turai a lokaci tsararru. Cibiyar farko ta wannan nau'in ita ce Jami'ar *Bologna*, wacce daga baya ta zama abin koyi ga sauran cibiyoyin ilimi.

Da farko, jami'o'in sun ƙirƙiro kansu ne bisa ƙirar ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru kuma kamar kusan duk abin da ke Tsakiyar Zamani, sun kasance suna ɗaure da Chocin Katolika. A farkon, sun yi aiki don koyar da abin da ake kira " zane-zane bakwai masu sassaucin ra'ayi " ( *trivium* da *quadrivium* ):

* *Trivium* : nahawu, dabaru da lafazi.
* *Quadrivium* : ilimin lissafi da lissafi, ilmin taurari dakiɗa.

Wannan farkon rarrabuwa ya haifar da rarrabuwa tsakanin fagen adabi da kimiyya. Daga ra'ayi guda, mafi tsufa jami'a a duniya ita ce jami'ar Qarawiyyin. Koyaya, koyar da addini ba shine ma'anar da yawancin mutane ke amfani da ita ba. Dole ne jami'a ta koyar da kowane fanni.

Ana kallon jami'a a matsayin ɗabi'a mai ƙa'ida wacce ta samo asali daga al'adar Kiristanci na zamanin da.   Turai mafi girma ilimi ya faru ga daruruwan shekaru a babban coci makarantu ko zuhudu makarantu *(scholae monasticae).* A can, sufaye da mata masu zuhudu suka koyar da darasi: shaidar waɗannan kwanakin sun koma karni na 6. 

Jami'o'in Paris da Oxford membobin cocin ne suka kafa su.  Daga baya sarakuna suka kafa jami'o'in.

A farkon zamanin da, yawancin sabbin jami'oi an kafa su ne daga makarantun da suka kasance, yawanci idan waɗannan makarantu suka zama manyan wuraren manyan makarantu.  Paparoma Gregory VII ya inganta manufar jami'ar zamani a matsayin Dokar Papal 1079. Ya ba da umarnin a kafa makarantu na babban coci, wadanda daga karshe suka rikide zuwa jami'o'in Turai na farko. 

## '''Ƙungiya'''
Jami'a na iya haɗawa da cibiyoyi da yawa ko wurare daban-daban inda furofesoshi ke koyarwa. A cikin kowane harabar akwai fannoni da yawa da makarantun jami'a (galibi don koyarwa), da kuma ɗakunan gwaje-gwaje, sassan da cibiyoyin bincike. Yawancin makarantu suna da gidaje don ɗalibai a cikin gine-ginen da ake kira ɗakuna da tsari kamar ɗakunan karatu, ɗakunan karatu da wuraren motsa jiki don ɗaliban da ke zaune a ciki. Kowace makaranta tana ba da kwasa-kwasai da yawa waɗanda ɗalibai ke ɗauka don samun digiri. Mutumin da ke da babban iko na iko da ba da umarni a cikin jami'a shine shugaban jami'a, wanda ke jagorantar jami'ar tare da taimakon jam'iyyar mataimakin rektoci da na sauran gabobi kamar majalisar zamantakewar al'umma da hukumar mulki.

## Sanannun jami'o'i

## [[Birtaniya|Masarautar Ingila]]

* Jami'ar Aberdeen
* Jami'ar Aston
* Jami'ar Birmingham
* Jami'ar Bristol
* Jami'ar Queens, Belfast
* Jami'ar Cambridge
* Jami'ar Coventry
* Jami'ar Dundee
* Jami'ar Durham
* Jami'ar Edinburgh
* Jami'ar Exeter
* Jami'ar Glasgow
* Jami'ar Leeds
* Jami'ar London
* Kwalejin Sarki ta London
* Jami'ar Jami'ar London
* Jami'ar Manchester
* Jami'ar Bude
* Jami'ar Oxford
* Jami'ar St Andrews
* Jami'ar Wales

## sin

* Jami'ar Peking
* Jami'ar Tsinghua
* Jami'ar Hong Kong

## [[Jamus]]

* Jami'ar Berlin ta kyauta
* Jami'ar Goethe Frankfurt
* Jami'ar Tübingen

## [[Maleziya|Malesiya]]

* Jami'ar Malaya
* Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman

## [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Meziko]]

* UNAM, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México . Babban jami'a mafi mahimmanci a Mexico da Latin Amurka
* UdG, Jami'ar Guadalajara . Ita ce jami'a ta biyu mafi tsufa a cikin Meziko, ana ɗaukarta ɗayan manyan jami'o'i a Mexico.
* IPN, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
* ITESM, Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey
* ITAM, Instituto Tecnoloógico Autónomo de México

## [[Sweden]]

* Jami'ar Chalmers
* Cibiyar Karolinska
* Jami'ar Lund
* Royal Institute of Technology
* Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta Stockholm
* Jami'ar Uppsala
* Jami'ar Umeå

## [[Finland|Kasar Finland]]

* Jami'ar Akbo Akademi
* Jami'ar Aalto
* Jami'ar Helsinki

## Taraiyar [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]
Akwai ƙungiyar shahararrun jami'o'i da ake kira Ivy League . Sune:

* Jami'ar Harvard
* Jami'ar Princeton
* Jami'ar Yale
* Jami'ar Brown
* Jami'ar Cornell
* Kwalejin Dartmouth
* Jami'ar Columbia
* Jami'ar Pennsylvania

Wasu shahararrun jami'o'in kuma sune:

* Cibiyar Fasaha ta California
* Jami'ar Duke
* Massachusetts Cibiyar Fasaha
* Jami'ar Stanford
* Jami'ar Chicago
* Jami'ar Georgetown
* Jami'ar California, Berkeley
* Jami'ar Jihar Ohio
* Jami'ar Jihar Illinois

## [[Kanada]]

* Jami'ar Carleton
* Jami'ar McGill
* Jami'ar McMaster
* Jami'ar Sarauniya
* Jami'ar British Columbia
* Jami'ar New Brunswick
* Jami'ar Ottawa
* Jami'ar Toronto
* Jami'ar Waterloo
* Jami'ar Western Ontario

## [[Poland]]

* Jami'ar Warsaw
* Jami'ar Jagiellonian

## [[Japan]]

* Jami'ar Tokyo
* Jami'ar Kyoto
* Jami'ar Waseda
* Jami'ar Osaka

## [[Italiya]]

* Jami'ar Bologna

## [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]]

* Jami'ar (asa ta Australiya
* Jami'ar Melbourne
* Jami'ar Deakin
* Jami'ar New South Wales

## [[Chile]]

* Jami'ar Chile (Universidad de Chile)
* Jami'ar Katolika ta Chile (Universidad Católica de Chile)
* Jami'ar Fasaha ta Metropolitan (Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana)

## [[Turkiyya|Turkiya]]

## [[Romainiya|Romania]]

* Kwalejin Naval "Mircea cel Batran" (ANMB)

## [[Najeriya]]
* Jami'ar Bayero Kano
* Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello Zariya
* Jami'ar Umaru Musa Yar'adua, Katsina

## [[Koriya ta Kudu]]

* Jami'ar Kasa ta Seoul
* Jami'ar Yonsei
* Jami'ar Koriya

## Hotuna

Fayil:Umaru_Musa_Yar%27adua,_University_01.jpg|Kofar shiga Jami'ar Umaru Musa Yar'adua, Katsina Najeriya 
File:Yasuda_Auditorium.jpg|Jami'ar Tokyo, Japan 


## Manazarta

* Tarihin Jami'o'in