open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
David Badía

**David Badía Cequier** (an haife shi ranar 4 ga watan Satumba, 1974) shine kocin kwallon kafa na Mutanen Espanya kuma tsohon ɗan wasan daya taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida. Kwanan nan ya kasance mai kula da kulob din Cypriot Ethnikos Achna.  

## Manazarta
Artur Dumanyuk

**<span data-ve-ignore="true" lang="uk">Artur Romanovich Dumanuk</span>** (; an haife shi a ranar 15 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1996) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Ukraine wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya na Kudrivka .
Mateusz Wdowiak

**Mateusz Wdowiak** (an haife shi ranar 28 ga watan Agusta, 1996) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Poland wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwanƙwasawa na kungiyar Ekstraklasa Zagłębie Lubin.  

## Manazarta
Yakubu Gildor

**Yakubu Gildor** ( Ibrananci : יעקב גילדור; an haife shi a shekarar 1948) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na ƙasar Isra'ila, wakilin ƙungiyar Surrealist a cikin fasahar Isra'ila kuma na rukunin "ƙarni na biyu" na masu fasahar tsira na Holocaust . Shi ƙwararren mai ba da shawara ne na fasaha kuma mai ba da shawara a Gidan Kaya na Montefiore, Tel Aviv da MacDougall's Fine Art Auctions, London .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
A cikin shekarar 1987 Gildor ya shafe shekara guda a Cite des Arts a Paris a ƙarƙashin tallafin karatu na Isra'ila. 

A cikin shekarun da suka gabata Gildor ya kuma nuna a cikin ɗakunan ajiya da yawa a Isra'ila, Sweden, Jamus da Faransa .

A cikin shekarar 2009, an gudanar da wani babban baje koli na baya-bayan nan, "Segments of Creation", tare da ayyukan Gildor a cikin shekaru arba'in da suka gabata, a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Isra'ila a Ramat-Gan .  An baje kolin baje kolin na tsawon watanni shida tare da rakiyar cikakken bayani na kashi uku. 

## Kungiyar "Meshushe".
A cikin shekara ta 1980, Gildor yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar Meshushe (Hexagon). Manufar ƙungiyar ita ce gabatar da fasahar Surrealist zuwa sararin fasahar Isra'ila wanda ƙungiyoyin fasaha na zahiri da ra'ayi suka mamaye su a lokacin. Ƙungiya ta kafa ta ƙunshi Gildor da wasu biyar masu aminci: Baruch Elron, Yoav Shuali, Arie Lamdan, Asher Rodnitzky, da Rachel Timor.  Kungiyar ta gudanar da nune-nune a kusa da Isra'ila. 

## Ƙarni Na Biyu
A matsayin ɗan waɗanda suka tsira daga Holocaust guda biyu, Gildor yana cikin ƙungiyar da ake kira "Ƙarni na Biyu". 

## Kara karantawa

* Gazit, 385–390, L”G, shafi.&nbsp;47-48, 1976
* Rachel Angel, Meshushe da Tel Chai, Maariv, 20.9.1981
* Gideon Ofrat, Tsakanin Bone da Ciki, Kataloji na Gidan Tarihi, Ramat Gan, 1995
* Gideon Ofrat, Jacob Gildor – Nunin II, Studio Magazin, 1.9.1996
* Yakubu Gildor – Tauraron tarihi a sassa uku, Gidan kayan gargajiya na Isra’ila, Ramat Gan tare da gudummawar Gilden's Art, London, 2009
* Eli Armon Azulay, Jacob Gildor's Studio Visit, Achbar Ha'ir, 25 Disamba 2009

## Gidan hotuna

Fayil:Nude_jacob.JPG|alt=Nude, 1967, monotype, 33x21 cm.| Tsirara, 1967, monotype, 33x21 cm.
Fayil:Portrait_jacob.JPG| Monocle, 1968, monotype, 33x21cm.
Fayil:Surealist_Birth.jpg|alt=Circle of Life, 1973, oil and tempera on masonite, 75x100cm.| Circle of Life, 1973, mai da zafin jiki akan masonite, 75x100cm.
Fayil:Surealist_Scene.jpg|alt=Max and Moritz, 1974, oil and tempera on wood 40x60 cm.| Max da Moritz, 1974, mai da zafin jiki akan itace 40x60 cm.
Fayil:Paris_jacob.jpg|alt=Cafe Naive, 1991, oil on canvas 105x140cm.| Cafe Naive, 1991, mai akan zane 105x140cm.
Fayil:Watch_Tower_jacob.jpg|alt=Guard Tower, 1994, oil and asphalt on canvas, 240x140 cm.| Hasumiyar Tsaro, 1994, mai da kwalta akan zane, 240x140 cm.
Fayil:Target_jacob.jpg|alt=Target, 2011, oil and collage on carton, 76x50cm.| Target, 2011, mai da haɗin gwiwa akan kartani, 76x50cm.


## Manazarta
Tomasz Brzyski

**Tomasz Brzyski** (an haife shi ranar 10 ga watan Janairu, 1982) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne kuma ɗan ƙasar Poland wanda yake taka leda a matsayin hagu ko kuma dan wasan tsakiya wanda ke buga wa ƙungiyar ƙungiyar Cisowianka Drzewce .

## Manazarta
Yusuf Cachalia

**Yusuf Mohamed Cachalia** (15 Janairu 1915 - 9 Afrilu 1995) ɗan gwagwarmayar yaƙi da wariyar launin fata ne na Afirka ta Kudu. Ya kasance sakataren Majalisar Indiya ta Afirka ta Kudu, wanda a cikinta ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen shirya Gangamin Kamfen na shekarar 1952.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Cachalia a ranar 15 ga watan Janairu 1915 a Johannesburg. Mahaifinsa, AM (Ahmed Mohamed) Cachalia, ɗan Indiya ne mai fafutuka a siyasance: ya kasance makusanci ga Mohandas Gandhi kuma ya taɓa zama shugaban kungiyar Indiyawan Burtaniya ta Transvaal.  Cachalia da kansa ya bar Afirka ta Kudu tsakanin shekarun 1936 zuwa 1941 don karanta falsafar Musulunci a Indiya.

## Gwagwarmaya da aiki
Bayan ya koma Afirka ta Kudu, Cachalia ya zama mai tasiri a cikin Transvaal Indian Congress (TIC) da kuma Afirka ta Kudu Indian Congress (SAIC), a ƙarshe ya zama sakataren SAIC. An san shi da falsafar siyasarsa ta "eclectic" na sirri, wacce ta haɗu da tunanin Islama na orthodox da falsafar Gandhian da Marxism. An yi masa kallon abokin Yusuf Dadoo, wanda aka ba da lamuni da yin tasiri na hagu a cikin majalisar dokokin Indiya,  da kuma abokin Nelson Mandela.  Kamar Dadoo da Mandela, ya kasance mai fafutukar neman kusanci tsakanin Indiyawa da bakar fata na Afirka.

Cachalia ya wakilci SAIC a kan kwamitin tsara shirin haɗin gwiwa wanda ya shirya yakin neman zabe na shekarar 1952 wanda ba na launin fata ba,  kuma a cikin watan Disamba 1952 yana cikin masu fafutuka da aka yanke wa hukunci saboda rawar da suka taka wajen tsara yakin. A shekara mai zuwa, an ba shi umarnin hanawa mai tsauri, wanda bayan haka an sabunta shi sau da yawa; tsakanin 1963 da 1973, ba wai kawai an dakatar da shi ba amma an tsare shi don kama shi a gida a Fordsburg.   Duk da haramcinsa, ya kasance memba na kwamitin da ya tsara Yarjejeniya ta 'Yanci a shekarar 1955.   Umarnin hana shi ya kare a shekarar 1977 kuma ya ci gaba da fafutukarsa. 

Ya mutu a gidansa a Johannesburg a ranar 9 ga watan Afrilu 1995, kasa da shekara guda bayan kawo karshen mulkin wariyar launin fata. Mandela, a lokacin yana zama shugaban Afirka ta Kudu, ya bayyana mutuwarta a matsayin "babban rauni".

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Kachalia musulma ce.  Daga baya Joe Matthews ya ce an san ta da kasancewa, tare da Mandela, ɗaya daga cikin "manyan tufa biyu mafi kyau a cikin gwagwarmayar yaki da wariyar launin fata". 

Cachalia tana da 'ya'ya maza biyu da ɗiya daga cikin aure biyu. Matarsa ta farko ita ce Bettie du Toit, farar Afrikaner. A cikin watan Yuli 1955, ya sake yin aure da Amina Asvat, 'yar wani abokin Gandhi, Ebrahim Asvat.  A cikin tarihinta na shekarar 2013, Asvat ya yi zargin cewa wasu abokan Cachalia sun ƙi yarda da aurensu, wanda ya haifar da rashin jituwa tsakanin Cachalia da ɗan'uwansa, Moulvi, da kuma tsakanin Cachalia da Ahmed Kathrada.  Duk da haka, Asvat ya ce Cachalia "miji ne mai 'yanci. Yakan bar ni in yi daidai abin da na ga ya cancanta."  'Ya'yansu biyu sune Coco, ɗan jarida, da Ghaleb, ɗan siyasa.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Hoton 1952 na Cachalia a lokacin Kamfen na Defiance, ta hanyar Getty Images
Emily Alyn Lind

**Emily alyn lind** (an haife shi 2001 ko 2002 ) yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Amurka. Ta fara aikinta a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na yara, lokacin da aka san ta da rawar da take takawa a matsayin matashiya Amanda Clarke akan jerin ABC Revenge, da kuma matsayinta na Ariel akan wasan kwaikwayo na likitanci na CBS Code Black. Lind ya kuma yi tauraro a cikin fina-finan asali na Netflix The Babysitter da The Babysitter: Killer Queen as Melanie, fim din wasan kwaikwayo Doctor Sleep as Snakebite Andi, da Ghostbusters: Daskararre Empire a matsayin Melody. Daga 2021 zuwa 2023, ta yi tauraro a matsayin Audrey Hope a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na matasa na HBO Max Gossip Girl.

## Rayuwar sirri
Lind ita ce 'yar furodusa kuma mataimakiyar darekta John Lind da 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Barbara Alyn Woods. Tana da babbar 'yar'uwa, Natalie Alyn Lind, da kanwar, Alyvia Alyn Lind, wadanda suma 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ne.

## Aiki
Lind ta fara fitowa a fim tun tana yarinya a shekarar dubu bìyu da takwas 2008 a cikin Sirrin Rayuwar Kudan zuma. Tun daga wannan lokacin ta fito a cikin fina-finai irin su Dear Dumb Diary, Enter the Void, J. Edgar, The Haunting in Connecticut 2: Ghosts of Georgia, da Movie 43. Ta buga Emma Lavery a cikin wasan opera na sabulu duka.Lind ya kasance yana da ayyuka masu maimaitawa a cikin jerin talabijin na ABC Revenge a matsayin matashiya Amanda Clarke,haka kuma a cikin jerin talabijin na ABC Eastwick a matsayin Emily Gardener. Ta kuma fito a cikin jerin irin su Ranakun Rayuwar Mu, Matsakaici, Flashpoint, Minds na Laifuka, Suburgatory, da Hawaii Five-0. A cikin 2017, an haɓaka Lind zuwa rawar tauraro a kan wasan kwaikwayo na likitanci na CBS Code Black don jerin 'yan wasa na uku, bayan ya bayyana a matsayin halin Ariel a lokacin wasan kwaikwayo na biyu na farko.

Lind ta yi tauraro a matsayin Melanie a cikin fim ɗin ban tsoro mai ban dariya, The Babysitter,  wanda aka saki akan Netflix a cikin 2017. Ta sake bayyana rawar da ta taka a cikin jerin abubuwan, The Babysitter: Killer Queen.A cikin 2018, an jefa Lind a matsayin Snakebite Andi a cikin fim ɗin Doctor Barci na 2019, dangane da littafin Stephen King labari da mabiyi na Shining.

A cikin Maris 2020, an ba da sanarwar cewa an saita Lind don yin tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na matasa na HBO Max Gossip Girl, wanda aka yi muhawara a cikin 2021 kuma ya gudana har tsawon yanayi biyu.

A ranar 30 ga Mayu, 2024, an ba da sanarwar cewa an jefa ta a matsayin Cadence Sinclair Eastman, jarumar jerin gwanon da Muka kasance Maƙaryata, wanda aka samo daga littafin E. Lockhart mai suna iri ɗaya.

## Manazarta
Harrison Chongo

**Harrison "Wawa" Chongo** (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga watan Yuni 1969 - 12 Mayu 2011) ya kasance ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Zambiya wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin mai tsakiya ko mai tsakiya. Ya buga wasanni 13 a tawagar kasar Zambia.

## Ayyuka
An haife shi a Lusaka, Chongo ya fara buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kulob din Mufulira Wanderers, ya shiga cikin tawagar farko a shekarar 1989. A shekara ta 1992, ya shiga kungiyar Al Taawon a cikin Saudiyya ta farko, inda ya taka leda har sai da ya yi ritaya.

An haɗa Chongo a cikin tawagar kasar Zambia wacce ta kai wasan karshe na gasar cin Kofin Kasashen Afirka na 1994.  Ya kuma taka leda a wasanni 11 na gasar cin Kofin Duniya na FIFA. kuma an dauki Wawa a matsayin dan wasan kwallon kafa na farko na Zambiya da ya taba buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Larabawa na tsawon shekaru goma a Saudi Arabia kuma sau ɗaya ya halarci gwaji ga ƙungiyoyin Premier League guda biyu, Crystal Palace da Barnsley, bayan ya taimaka wa kulob dinsa na Saudiyya Al-Tawoon don samun ci gaba zuwa ƙungiyar ƙwararrun Saudiyya a wannan lokacin a matsayin zakara a karo na farko a kakar 1996-97, ya burge shi a lokacin gwaji a Ingila a 1997 duk da an yi masa farashi sosai a matsayin sarkin tsaron su kuma yarjejeniyar ta fadi. Duk da haka, ya sami nasara sosai kuma ya sake zuwa ga tawagarsa ta yara Mufulira Wanderers don kammala aikinsa na wasa a 2002 a matsayin mai horar da 'yan wasa kuma ya zama mai horar na wucin gadi a 2010 kuma ya taimaka wa tawagar ta tsira daga raguwa daga nutsewa cikin rukuni na 2. A farkon kakar 2011 an ba shi izinin ci gaba a matsayin kocin a karo na farko kuma ya sami nasarar gudanar da tseren wasanni takwas da ba a ci nasara ba duk da mutuwar da ta rage mafarkinsa na "mai ƙarfi" zuwa babbar ƙungiyar.

## Na Mutum
Ya mutu a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2011 daga zazzabin cizon sauro. A lokacin mutuwarsa ya kasance babban kocin Mufulira Wanderers . 

## Manazarta
Yaƙin Chelenqo

**Yakin Chelenqo**  an yi shi ne a ranar 9 ga Janairun 1887 tsakanin sojojin Abyssiniya na Shewa karkashin *Negus* Menelik da sarki Abd Allah na II ibn 'Ali 'Abd ash-Shakur na Harar . An fatattaki sojojin Harari, sannan Negus Menelik ya mamaye birnin Harar.

## Fage
Negus Menelik, a matsayin mayar da martani ga ikon Italiya na iko da sassan Eritriya da tashar Massawa, ya fara shigo da bindigogi da alburusai ta tashar jiragen ruwa na Djibouti da Faransa ke iko da shi . A shekarar 1886, Sarkin Harar Abd Allah ya hana safarar wadannan makamai ta yankunansa.

Kisan gillar da aka yiwa wani dan kasar Italiya mai binciken Count Pietro Porro da daukacin jam'iyyarsa a watan Afrilun shekarar 1886, bisa zarginsa da umarnin sarki, ya baiwa Negus uzuri na tafiya Harar.  Menelik ya so ya mallaki birnin Harar na wani lokaci. Janar Menelik ya sha kashi a hannun sojojin Masarautar Harar a karshen shekarar 1886 a yakin Hirna .  Amma Menelik zai sake yin wani yunkuri na biyu na mamaye Masarautar Harar a watan Janairun 1887 ya ba Abd Allah irin mulkin da Abba Jifar II na masarautar Jimma ya samu; Sarkin ya ki wannan tayin.

A cewar Abdullahi Mohammed, Sarkin Harar ya tara sojoji daga gundumomi daban-daban a cikin garin: 

## Yaƙi
A cewar masanin tarihi El Amin Abdel Karim Ahmed: 

Sanin cewa ya fi shi yawa, kuma sojojinsa suna da makullan ashana ne kawai da ƴan bindiga kaɗan, sai sarki Abd Allah ya yanke shawarar kai hari da sanyin safiyar ranar Kirsimeti na Habasha (9 ga Janairu), yana tsammanin Shewan ba za su shirya ba kuma an cika su da abinci da barasa. Duk da haka, Negus Menelik ya damu da wani harin bazata, kuma ya kiyaye mutanensa a faɗake.

Amir ya yi kuskure wajen tantance ingancin wadannan sojoji kuma ya yi yunkurin sake maimaita nasarar da ya samu a baya da wani harin dare na biyu. "Idan da ya kyale abokan gaba su kai hari kan birnin mai katanga, inda 'yan bindigarsa na Krupp suka yi tasiri, da Shewans sun sha kashi mai tsanani da sakamakon siyasa," in ji Marcus.  Mutanen Sarkin sun bude wuta da karfe 11:00 na safe. Nan take sojojin Shewan suka mayar da martani sannan ginshikin Makonnen ya lalata makaman makiya; cikin mintuna ashirin sojojin Menelik suka yi nasara.  Menelik ya bi sarkin da ya koma Harar, wanda tsohon katangarsa ba za su dade da yin tir da harin nasa ba. Lokacin da Menelik ya isa Harar, Amir ya gudu tare da matansa da 'ya'yansa zuwa cikin jeji a gabashin Harar ya bar kawunsa Ali Abu Barka don yin shawarwarin mika wuya birnin.  Da mamaya ne aka kawo karshen ‘yancin kai na Harar.

## Sakamako
A karshe da ya ci Harar, Menelik ya fadada hanyoyin kasuwanci a cikin birnin, yana shigo da kayayyaki masu mahimmanci kamar makamai, da fitar da wasu kayayyaki masu daraja kamar kofi. Zai sanya dan uwansa, Makonnen Wolde Mikael ya mallaki birnin.

## Nassoshi
Meshuchrarim

**Meshuchrarim**, wanda kuma aka sani a tarihi a matsayin " **Yahudawa Baƙar fata** ", al'ummar Yahudawa ne na ' yantattun bayi, galibi daga zuriyar Afirka-Turai, waɗanda ke tare da Yahudawa Sephardic a ƙaura zuwa Indiya bayan korar ƙarni na 16 daga Spain. Yahudawan Sephardic sun zama sanannun Yahudawan Paradesi (a matsayin "baƙi" zuwa Indiya.  Har ila yau, wani lokaci ana kiran su Yahudawa farar fata, saboda zuriyarsu ta Turai). 

Ya'yan meshuchrarim a tarihi sun kasance suna nuna wariya a Indiya daga wasu "fararen Yahudawa." Sun kasance a mafi ƙasƙanci na tsani na Yahudawa na yau da kullun na Cochin . Paradesi ya zo don amfani da majami'ar Paradesi ; Sa’ad da suka ƙyale meshuchrarim a matsayin Yahudawa su yi bauta a wurin, dole ne su zauna a baya, ba za su iya zama cikakku ba, kuma an cire su daga da’irar aure na al’umma. A lokaci guda, Yahudawa Malabar sun cire su, al'ummar Yahudawa mafi girma da suka zauna a Cochin na tsawon shekaru 1,000.

A farkon karni na 20, Abraham Barak Salem ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun Yahudawan Cochin.  Dan *meshuchrarim,* shine farkon wanda ya sami digiri na kwaleji kuma Bayahude Cochin na farko da ya zama lauya.  Ya yi yaki da wariyar da ake wa mutanensa. A cikin shekarun 1930, nuna wariya ga *meshuchrarim* ya fara raguwa. Yawancin Yahudawan Cochin, ciki har da *meshuchrarim,* sun yi hijira zuwa Isra'ila a tsakiyar shekarun 1950.

## Manazarta
Operation Barracuda

**Operation Barracuda** wani aikin soji ne da Faransa ta yi a shekarun 1979-1981, domin komawa kan ƙaragar mulki tsohon shugaban ƙasar Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya David Dacko.  Ya biyo bayan Operation Caban na ranar 21 ga watan Satumbar 1979, aikin soji ba tare da zubar da jini ba inda *sojojin* Faransa suka hambarar da sarki Bokassa na Daular Afirka ta Tsakiya.

## Tarihi
*Barracuda* ya kasance ƙarƙashin jagorancin Kanar Faransa Bernard Degenne, mai tushe a N'Djamena (babban birnin ƙasar Chadi), wanda ya ba da lambar sunan *Barracuda* zuwa huɗu Aérospatial SA 330 Puma helikofta da huɗu Transall C-160 jirgin sama, wanda ɗauke abubuwa na 8th Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment zuwa babban birnin ƙasar Afrika ta tsakiya Bangui. Da tsakar rana, an kuma kai wani kamfani na 3rd Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment daga Libreville (babban birnin Gabon), zuwa Bangui.

Har zuwa watan Nuwamba 1979, *Barracuda* ya yi niyyar kare Faransawa a cikin ƙasar da kuma gwamnatin Dacko, baya ga tallafawa sojojin Afirka ta Tsakiya (FACA) don tabbatar da oda. Bayan haka, ta yi niyyar sake ginawa tare da ba da umarni ga FACA don tabbatar da zaman lafiyar ƙasar. *Barracuda* ya ƙare a watan Yuni 1981 kuma an maye gurbinsa da "Abubuwan da ke Taimakawa na Faransa" wanda ya kasance a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya har zuwa shekara ta 1998.

## Duba kuma

* Françafrique, kalmar da ke nufin ci gaba da shigar Faransa a cikin tsoffin ƙasashen Afirka

## Manazarta
Villanueva, Zacatecas

**Villanueva** birni ne a cikin jihar Zacatecas ta Mexico . Shi ne wurin gudanarwa na ƙaramar hukumar Villanueva .

## Sunan
An kafa Villanueva a ranar 4 ga watan Fabrairu, na shekarar 1692, a ƙarƙashin sunan Villagutierre del Águila . Kamar yadda yake a garuruwa da yawa a Mexico, an ƙara sunan mai kula da garin zuwa sunan - a wannan yanayin, na Yahuza Thaddaeus - kuma ya zama Villa de San Yahuza Tadeo de Villa Gutierre del Águila . Koyaya, tunda ita ce garin ƙarshe da aka kafa a wannan yankin na Zacatecas, an kira shi Villa Nueva (sabuwar gari), kuma wannan shine sunan da ya makale.

## Yanayin ƙasa
Villanueva na ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan hukumomi 58 a jihar Zacatecas . Tana a kudancin Zacatecas kuma tana da iyaka a duk bangarorin da wasu kananan hukumomin Zacatecas. Daga cikin kananan hukumomin da ke iyaka da shi akwai Jerez a arewa, Genero Codina a gabas, Tabasco a kudu da Tepetongo a yamma. Wasu sassan Villanueva suna da tsaunuka. Hakanan koguna daban-daban da sauran ruwa mai laushi sun haye shi. Yana da zafin jiki mai zafi da matsakaicin shekara-shekara na  ° C (62.4 ° F).

### Yanayi

## Tarihi
Da farko ana kiran karamar hukumar Santa Cruz lokacin da aka kafa ta a shekara ta 1650. An canza sunanta sau da yawa har zuwa 1962, lokacin da aka sake masa suna a hukumance a matsayin Municipality of Villanueva, sunansa har zuwa yanzu. Alamarta tana ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffi a Zacatecas, tun daga farkon karni na 19. Taken garin shine fassarar Latin na "Tare da takobi da noma". Saboda Villanueva ta fara ne a matsayin aikin gona da al'umma mai aiki kuma ta samar da wasu daga cikin masu kishin kasa a Mexico. Da zarar gari ne mai mulkin mallaka, Villanueva ya zama gari mai zaman kansa a shekara ta 1917. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2005, Villanueva tana da mazauna 28,760. Yawancin waɗannan mazauna Roman Katolika ne ta hanyar .

## Al'adu
Mutanen da ke Villanueva suna da sha'awar kiɗa. A zahiri, shine wurin asalin nau'in kiɗa da ake kira tamborazo . Har ila yau, yana da wadataccen kayan sana'a kamar itace da kayan fata. Har ila yau, wurin yana da girke-girke masu daɗi na asali na Mexico don yin biki. Saboda yawan abubuwan jan hankali na hutu, ya kasance abin fifiko ga masu yawon bude ido na gida da na kasashen waje. Don kula da masu yawon bude ido da ke tarwatsa Villanueva a kowace shekara, karamar hukumar ta tabbatar da cewa akwai wuraren shakatawa da yawa, wuraren shakatawa na spas da ayyukan don karɓar baƙi.Villanueva, sananne ne ga kiɗa da al'adun ta. Villanueva tana da ɗayan manyan "Unidad Deportivas" a jihar Zacatecas.

## Manazarta
Kpana Lewis

**Kpana Lewis** (19 ga watan Afrilu, 1830 - 10 ga watan Mayu, 1912) shi ne sarkin Sherbro daga Saliyo kuma mai adawa da mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya. Ya yi tasiri mai karfi a kan dukkan sarakunan Sherbro.

An haifi Kpana Lewis a shekara ta 1830 a tsibirin Sherbro a lardin Kudancin Saliyo zuwa ga dangin da ke da rinjaye a siyasance na Sherbro aristocracy. Kakansa, Bai Kong Kuba Lewis, shine sarki mafi rinjaye a cikin dukan mutanen Sherbro.

## Manazarta
Nationalist and Integrationist Front

**Nationalist and Integrationist Front** (French  , ko **FNI**) ƙungiya ce ta 'yan tawaye da ke fafutuka a rikicin Ituri a Ituri, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, mai alaƙa da kabilar Lendu. FNI ta yi yaki da ƙabilar Hema kuma ana zarginta da yin kwanton ɓauna da kisan dakarun wanzar da zaman lafiya na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya tara a kusa da garin Kafe a watan Fabrairun 2005.   Hukumomin Congo sun kama shugaban siyasa na FNI Floribert Ndjabu, yayin da shugaban sojoji Etienne Lona ya miƙa kansa.

BBC ta yi zargin cewa, a shekara ta 2005, dakarun wanzar da zaman lafiya na Pakistan a Mongbwalu sun kulla huldar kasuwanci ta zinare da shugabannin FNI, inda daga ƙarshe suka jawo hafsoshin sojojin Kongo da 'yan kasuwa Indiya daga Kenya. Ana ci gaba da zargin cewa waɗannan dakarun wanzar da zaman lafiya sun mayar da makaman da aka karbo daga hukumar ta FNI a wani ɓangare na yunkurin ruguzawa shugabannin FNI da suka shahara da take hakkin ɗan Adam. 

Rahoton Human Rights Watch na shekarar 2005  yayi cikakken bayani game da alakar da ke tsakanin FNI da kamfanin hakar ma'adinai AngloGold Ashanti, wani reshen Anglo American plc. AngloGold Ashanti ya yarda cewa ma'aikatanta sun biya kuɗi ga FNI fiye da sau ɗaya, domin samun damar shiga ma'adinan zinare a lardin Ituri.

A watan Mayun 2006, an kashe wani jami'in kiyaye zaman lafiya na MONUC guda kuma an kama mutane bakwai a yaƙi da FNI. Dakarun wanzar da zaman lafiya na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya sun fito ne daga ƙasar Nepal kuma sun gudanar da ayyukan kwance damarar mayakan a nisan mil 62 (kilomita 100) yammacin Bunia, babban birnin Ituri.    An saki biyu daga cikin bakwai ɗin a watan Yuni, sauran biyar kuma a tsakiyar watan Yuli. A ranar 17 ga watan Yuli ne sabon shugaban FNI, Peter Karim Udaga, ya sanar da cewa shi da mayakan sa su sittin sun kawo karshen yakin da suke da gwamnati, domin musanya shigar da dakarun FNI cikin sojojin kasa, ciki har da muƙamin Kanar na Karim.  

FNI, Ƙungiyar Juyin Juyin Juya Halin Kwango, da Front for Patriotic Resistance of Ituri (FRPI) sun amince su kwance ɗamara a ranar 22 ga watan Agusta 2007.  Koyaya, a cikin shekarar 2008, mazauna Mongbwalu da yawa sun ba da rahoton ganin cewa dakarun kiyaye zaman lafiya na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na Pakistan suna ba da agajin mayakan FNI. Shugabannin FNI guda biyu ne suka tabbatar da mitka makaman a gidan yari&nbsp;– "Kung Fu" (Gen. Mateso Ninga) dan "Dragon". 

## Manazarta
Siege of Polotsk

A 1518 sojojin Grand Duchy na Moscow a kan Polotsk a lokacin yakin Muscovite-Lithuania na hudu (1512-1522). Lithuania sun kare birnin. A cewar wani almara, Yarima Casimir Jagiellon ya bayyana a gaban sojojin Lithuania kuma ya taimaka musu wajen samun nasara. Ita ce mu'ujiza ta farko da aka jingina ta ga Casimir, wadda ta ci gaba da gudanar da ibadarsa har ta kai ga nada shi daga karshe

Girma da ƙarfafa Grand Duchy na Moscow sun tsunduma cikin jerin yaƙe-yaƙe tare da Grand Duchy na Lithuania kan kula da tsoffin yankuna na Kievan Rus. Wani sabon yaki ya barke a shekara ta 1512. A shekara ta 1518, sojojin Rasha daga Novgorod, wanda Vasily Nemoy Shuysky ke jagoranta, da Pskov, wanda Ivan Vasilievich Shuysky ya umarta, suka kai wa Polotsk hari.Har ila yau sojojin na Rasha sun hada da wasu gungun manyan bindigogi. Suka kafa hasumiyai, suka harba bindigogi a kan garun birnin. Sai dai kuma nan da nan maharan sun fuskanci karancin abinci. Rashawa za su ketare kogin Daugava don neman abinci. Lithuania sun aika da ƙarfafawa zuwa birnin, wanda Albertas Goštautas, Voivode na Polotsk ya umarta. Sojojin Lithuania kuma sun haɗa da wani rukunin sojojin haya na Poland a ƙarƙashin Jan Boratyński. 'Yan kasar Lithuaniyawa sun kai hari kan wata jam'iyyar Rasha da ke neman abinci. Yawancin Rashawa sun nutse a cikin kogin a lokacin da suke gudun hijira.

A cewar wani almara, wanda Bernard Wapowski  da Marcin Bielski suka rubuta,  mutanen Lithuania sun kasa gano wuri mai aminci don ketare kogin. Duk da haka, wani saurayi ya bayyana, sanye da fararen kaya kuma yana kan doki mai kyau, ya fara hawa cikin kogin ya jagoranci Lithuania cikin aminci sai ya ɓace a wancan gefen. Sojojin sun bayyana matashin a matsayin mamacin Yarima Casimir, kane ga Grand Duke Sigismund na farko na Lithuania. Bayan sun tsallaka, Lithuania sun jira dare, suka ajiye ciyawar ciyawa don rikitar da abokan gaba, kuma cikin sauri suka far wa Rashawa. Rashawa sun yi babban rashi kuma dole ne su ja da baya.

## Manazarta
Swami Gounden

**Swaminathan Karuppa "Swami" Gounden** (1927 - 30 ga watan Nuwamba 2021) ɗan ƙungiyar ƙwadagon ƙasar  Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma mai fafutukar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata daga Natal.

## Rayuwa da gwagwarmaya
An haife shi a shekara ta 1927 a birnin Durban,  Gounden ya shiga siyasa ta hanyar ƙungiyar ƙwadago kuma ya shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Afirka ta Kudu a Barikin Mujallu a shekarar 1944.  A shekara mai zuwa, ya kasance memba na ɓangaren ci gaba na Natal Indian Congress wanda ya dora Monty Naicker a shugaban majalisar, ya kori shugabancinta na masu ra'ayin mazan jiya.  Ya kasance mai fafutuka a yakin neman zaɓen  majalisa na adawa da abin da ake kira da Dokar Ghetto. 

Ya shiga jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC) a shekarar 1950 kuma ya shiga yakin neman zaɓen  na shekarar 1952 da kuma shekarar 1955 Congress of the People.  A cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa, ya kasance mai aiki a ƙungiyoyin jama'a a Natal, musamman ƙungiyoyin mazauna Asherville da United Democratic Front.  A cikin shekarar 2018, Shugaba Cyril Ramaphosa ya ba shi lambar yabo ta Luthuli a cikin Azurfa, "Domin tsawon rayuwarsa da jajircewarsa na yaki da zaluncin wariyar launin fata". 

Ya mutu a ranar 30 ga watan Nuwamba 2021, yana da shekara 93,  kuma an ba shi jana'izar lardin, inda Firayim Ministan KwaZulu-Natal Sihle Zikala ya gabatar da yabo. 

## Manazarta
Action Front for Renewal and Development

**The Action Front for Renewal and Development** (Faransanci: *Front d'action pour le renouveau et le développement, FARD-Alafia*) jam'iyyar siyasa ce a Benin da aka kafa a 1994. Ita ce jam'iyyar Mathieu Kérékou ta kasance a lokacin shugabancinsa na biyu, wanda ya kasance daga 1996 zuwa 2006.

Kérékou ya tsaya a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar a zaben shugaban kasa na 4 da 18 ga Maris na 2001, inda ya samu kashi 45.4% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada a zagayen farko da kashi 84.1% a zagaye na biyu. Manyan ’yan takara ne suka kaurace wa zagaye na biyu.

A watan Fabrairun 2004, an zaɓi Daniel Tawéma, wanda shi ne Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida a lokacin, a matsayin babban sakataren jam’iyyar, wanda ya gaji Jerome Sacca Kina Guezere.

A zaben 'yan majalisar dokokin da aka gudanar a ranar 30 ga Maris, 2003, jam'iyyar ta kasance memba na kungiyar 'yan takarar shugaban kasa, kawancen magoya bayan Kérékou. A cikin wannan kungiyar ta Union for Future Benin, ta samu kujeru 31 cikin 83.

Dan takarar FARD a zaben shugaban kasa na Maris 2006 shine Daniel Tawéma, wanda ya samu kashi 0.60% na kuri'un.

## Manazarta
André (ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, an haife shi a shekara ta 2001)

André Trindade da Costa Neto (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2001), wanda aka fi sani da André, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙasa na ƙasar Brazil wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron tsakiya na kulob din Premier League Wolverhampton Wanderers da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙasar Brazil .

## Ayyukan kulob din

### Fluminense
An haife shi a Algodão, Ibirataia, Bahia, André ya shiga ƙungiyar matasa ta Fluminense a cikin 2013, yana da shekaru 12.  A ranar 21 ga Fabrairu 2020, ya sabunta kwantiraginsa da kulob din har zuwa 2023.

André ya fara aikinsa na farko a ranar 16 ga Satumba 2020, ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin Dodi a cikin nasara 1-0 a gida a kan Atletico Goianiense, don Copa do Brasil na shekara.  Série A na farko ya faru ne bayan kwana huɗu, yayin da ya fara a cikin asarar 1-0 a kan Sport Recife .

André ya zira kwallaye na farko a ranar 4 ga Yulin 2021, inda ya ci nasara a minti na karshe a cikin nasarar 1-0 a kan abokan hamayyarsa Flamengo. A ranar 4 ga Oktoba, ya ci gaba da tsawaita kwantiraginsa har zuwa karshen shekara ta 2024. André, mai shekaru 21, ya kammala wasan sa na ɗari a kulob din *Laranjeiras*, a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 2022, a kan Atletico-MG, a Mineirão . 

A ranar 24 ga watan Agustan 2023, ya zira kwallaye na farko a nasarar 2-0 a kan Olimpia a wasan sa na 150 tare da Fluminense a lokacin wasan kusa da na karshe na Copa Libertadores .  Daga baya a wannan shekarar, a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, ya fara a wasan karshe na Copa Libertadores tare da Fluminense a kan Boca Juniors, wanda ya ƙare a cikin nasara 2-1 bayan karin lokaci, don zama lambar yabo ta farko ta kulob din a wannan gasa.

### Wolverhampton Wanderers
A ranar 30 ga watan Agustan 2024, kafin a rufe taga na canja wuri, André ya shiga kungiyar Wolverhampton Wanderers ta Premier League.

## Ayyukan kasa da kasa
An haɗa André a cikin tawagar farko ta mutum 55 ta Brazil ta kocin Tite don Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIFA ta 2022.  A ranar 20 ga watan Yunin 2023, ya fara bugawa kasa da kasa, ya fito daga benci a minti na 74 don maye gurbin Lucas Paquetá, a cikin nasara 4-2 a wasan sada zumunci da Senegal.

## Kididdigar aiki

### Kungiyar

### Kasashen Duniya

## Daraja
**Fluminense**

* Kofin Libertadores: 2023
* Gasar cin kofin Kudancin Amurka: 2024
* Kofin Guanabara: 2022, 2023
* Gasar Carioca: 2022, 2023

**Mutumin da ya fi so**

* Gasar Brasileiro Jerin Sabon Sabon Kasuwanci: 2021 
* Kwallon Arfa: 2022
* Gasar Brasileiro Série Kungiyar Shekara: 2022
* Mafi kyawun mai tsaron tsakiya a Brazil: 2022 
* Gasar Carioca Team of the Year: 2023
* Kungiyar Libertadores ta Shekara: 2023
* Kungiyar El País Amurka ta Shekara: 2023 

## Career statistics

### Kasashen Duniya

## Manazarta
Mafi Girma Hits: Live & Kickin'

Mafi Girma Hits: Live & Kickin' shi ne kundi na biyu kai tsaye ta ƙungiyar ƙungiyar ƙasar Amurka Barci a Wheel. An yi rikodin ranar 9 ga Agusta, 1991, a bikin Austin Aqua Festival na shekara ta 30, wanda aka gudanar a Auditorium Shores a Austin, Texas, ɗan wasan gaba na ƙungiyar Ray Benson ne ya samar da shi kuma aka sake shi a ranar 24 ga Maris, 1992, a matsayin kundi na biyu kuma na ƙarshe na ƙungiyar akan Arista Records. Kundin ya sami goyan bayan fitowar "(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66" azaman guda ɗaya.

Bayan fitowar Barci a kundin studio na goma sha ɗaya na Wheel's Keepin' Me Up Nights a 1990, Fiddler Larry Franklin ya maye gurbinsa da Ricky Turpin, wanda ya fara halarta na farko ga ƙungiyar akan Live & Kickin' (Franklin ya fito a matsayin bako). Kundin shine na ƙarshe na ƙungiyar don nuna bassist Jon Mitchell, wanda David Miller ya maye gurbinsa jim kaɗan bayan fitowar sa.

## samarwa
Mafi Girma: Takardun Live & Kickin suna Barci a Wheel's Agusta 9, 1991, wasan kwaikwayo a bikin Austin Aqua Festival na 30th na shekara, wanda aka gudanar a Auditorium Shores a Austin, Texas. Arista Records ne ya fitar da kundin a ranar 24 ga Maris, 1992. An ba da rikodin "(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66" na Bobby Troup a matsayin shi kaɗai a wannan watan. Sakin guda ɗaya ya zo daidai da bikin cika shekaru 66 na titular US Route 66. Ƙungiyar ta yi bikin zagayowar ranar tunawa da wasan kwaikwayo a birane goma a kan hanyar a watan Mayu 1992.

Kundin ya kasance Barci a farkon fitowar Wheel don nuna fiddler Ricky Turpin, wanda magajinsa Larry Franklin ya zaɓa don ya maye gurbinsa lokacin da ya bar ƙungiyar. Hakanan shine na ƙarshe da ya nuna bassist Jon Mitchell kuma na ƙarshe da ya nuna mawaƙin ƙarfe John Ely a matsayin memba na hukuma; a cikin ƴan watanni da fitowar kundin, David Miller da Cindy Cashdollar sun maye gurbin biyun da suka tafi.

Tsohon dan wasan piano Floyd Domino ya yi baƙo a faifan "Jambalaya".ɗaya.

## Liyada
Yin bita ga kundi na AllMusic, marubuci Stephen Thomas Erlewine ya gabatar da cewa "Mafi Girma Hits ... Live & Kickin 'nunawa Barci a Wheel yana gudana ta hanyar da aka fi sani da su a cikin yanayin rayuwa na motsin rai. Yana da babban gabatarwa ga Barci a Wheel - ba su da kyau fiye da yadda suke cikin wasan kwaikwayo, kuma zaɓin ya fitar da mafi kyau a cikin mawaƙa" [Bhack] da aka ba da [Black] a cikin mawaƙa. "(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66", an zabi shi don lambar yabo ta Grammy don Mafi kyawun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Ƙasa a Kyautar Grammy na 35th Annual Grammy, shekaru uku bayan sigar studio na zaɓin zaɓin waƙar don wannan lambar yabo.

## Manazarta
Elizabeth Komikie Gumede

**Elizabeth Komikie Gumede** ( , 28 Oktoba 1921 - 1 Agusta 2016)  'yar gwagwarmayar yaƙi da wariyar launin fata ce ta Afirka ta Kudu.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Gumede a shekara ta 1921 a Christiana, Afirka ta Kudu. 

Gumede ta kasance mai fafutukar yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata a matsayin memba kuma ma'aikaciyar Azaniya People's Liberation Army (APLA),  reshen soja na ƙarƙashin kasa na Pan Africanist Congress of Azania. Tare da John Ganya da Nabot Ntsuntsha ta ɗauki mutane aiki zuwa jam'iyyar, ta tura su ƙasashen makwabta don horar da sojoji sannan ta karɓe su a lokacin da suka kutsa cikin ƙasar. 

A shekarar 1978, an kama Gumede aka yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru biyar a gidan yari a ƙarƙashin dokar hana gurguzu. An tura ta zuwa gidajen yari daban-daban, ciki har da a cikin Potchefstroom, da kuma a cikin Kroonstad (inda ta haɗu da 'yan gwagwarmaya Thandi Modise da Winnie Mandela),  amma sau da yawa ana tsare da ita a gidan kurkuku kuma an azabtar da ita.  A cewar Asusun Tsaro da Agaji na Duniya na Kudancin Afirka, an ɗauke ta a matsayin fursunonin siyasa a Afirka ta Kudu daga wannan lokacin da ta sha azaba mai tsanani da kuma musgunawa.  Zata yi kururuwa saboda raɗaɗin da take ciki na tsawon lokaci kuma hannunta na hagu ya shanye sakamakon azabtarwar da aka yi mata. 

A cikin shekarar 1982, Gumede tare da Caesarina Kona Makhoere, Thandi Modise, Elizabeth Nhlapo da Kate Serokolo sun gabatar da takarda ga Ministan Shari'a, Kobie Coetsee, suna fatan cewa warewarsu ya sabawa doka  kuma don inganta yanayin rayuwarsu.  An musanta hakan.

mede ya samu Order of Mendi for Bravery in Bronze Shugaban kasar Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 2006 "saboda jarumtaka da bayar da gudunmawa ga gwagwarmayar yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata." 

Ta zauna a Chiawelo, Soweto, Gauteng, kuma ta mutu a cikin shekarar 2016.  

Danta Daniel Mofokeng ya zama Manjo Janar a Rundunar Tsaro ta Afirka ta Kudu.

## Manazarta
Lorna na Smidt

**Lorna de Smidt** (1943 – 2022) 'yar gwagwarmaya ce 'yar Afirka ta Kudu wacce ke zaune a Ingila.  

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Lorna de Smidt a cikin shekarar 1943 a Kensington, Cape Town 'ya ce ga iyayen da suke a gauraye.  Ta girma a Cape Town, Afirka ta Kudu.  Tana da shekaru huɗu, an shigar da ita makarantar firamare, mai suna Trafalgar High School.   Ta kammala karatun ta daga Kwalejin Horar da Malamai ta Zonnebloem a shekarar 1960 kuma daga baya ta zama malama.  

A cikin shekarar 1960s, a matsayin wani ɓangare na Black Consciousness Movement, ta zama mai fafutukar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata.

Bayan tarzomar Soweto a shekarar 1976 da aurenta da bature ba bisa ka'ida ba, ta zama 'yar gudun hijira a Ingila kuma ta yi sauran rayuwarta a can.

Tsakanin shekarun 1983 zuwa 1991, de Smidt ya yi aiki da Sashin Daidaiton Race na Lewisham.

Daga shekarun 2000 zuwa 2005, ta yi aiki a kan aikin maido da gidan Afirka ta Kudu, a Ofishin Jakadancin Afirka ta Kudu, London.

Ta mutu a shekara ta 2022.

## Dakwametari

* *Wahala da Yara* (1988) 
* *Yadda Zan So In Ji 'Yanci* (1989) 

## Manazarta
Usman Stingo

**Usman Stingo** ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne, wanda a halin yanzu yake wakiltar mazabar Kajuru a majalisar dokokin jihar Kaduna.  

## Manazarta
Bibi Dawood

**Ayesha "Bibi" Dawood** (31 ga watan Janairun 1927 - 1 ga watan Yunin 2014) ta kasance Mai fafutukar adawa da wariyar launin fata ta Afirka ta Kudu daga Worcester. Ta kasance mai shirya Kamfen ɗin Defiance kuma daga baya ta zama Treason Triallist, kafin a cikin shekarar 1968 an tura ta gudun hijira zuwa Indiya sama da shekaru ashirin. 

## Rayuwa da gwagwarmaya
An haifi Dawood a ranar 31 ga watan Janairun 1927 a Worcester a lardin Cape.  Mahaifinta ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan Indiya wanda ya yi hijira zuwa Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1899; Mahaifiyarta Malay ce daga Calvinia.   Shigar ta ta siyasa ta fara ne a cikin shekarar 1951 lokacin da ta taimaka wajen shirya yajin aikin da aka kafa a Worcester a ranar 7 ga watan Mayu 1951. Nasarar yajin aikin ya kai ga kafa wata ƙungiyar masu yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata ta Worcester United Action Committee, kuma Dawood ta zama sakatariyar ƙungiyar. 

Dawood ta kasance babbar mai shirya gangamin kamfen a yankin Western Cape, kuma daga baya ta shiga cikin Majalisar Jama'a ta shekarar  1955 da Women's March  na 1956.   A cikin wucin gadi, an tuhume ta da laifukan siyasa a lokuta biyu - na farko a cikin shekarar 1954, wanda ya kai ga dakatar da hukunci dangane da dokar hana gurguzu, sannan a cikin shekarar 1956 a cikin shari'ar cin amanar ƙasa.  

A shekarar 1968, an kori Dawood da danginta zuwa Indiya saboda matsayin mijinta na shige da fice. Rahotanni sun ce ta ki yin haɗin gwiwa da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata domin samun 'yancin ci gaba da zama a Afirka ta Kudu.  Sun zauna a ƙauyen Sarwa kusa da Mumbai har zuwa lokacin da mulkin demokraɗiyya na Afirka ta Kudu ya yi,  lokacin da suka koma Worcester.  An baiwa Dawood lambar yabo ta Luthuli a cikin Bronze saboda gwagwarmayar yaki da wariyar launin fata. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa
Dawood ta auri Yusuf Mukadam a shekarar 1961 bayan ya fice daga rundunar sojojin ruwan Indiya ya shiga ƙasar Afrika ta Kudu ba bisa ka'ida ba. Sun haifi 'ya'ya da yawa. 

Ta rasu ne a ranar 1 ga watan Yunin 2014 a garin Worcester kuma an binne ta kamar yadda addinin Musulunci ya tanada.  

## Kara karantawa
* 
* 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Ayesha Bibi "Asa" Dawood a Aikin Tarihin Afrika ta Kudu
* Ayesha "Bibi" Dawud a Tsarin Mulkinmu
John Abah

**John Abah** (Ya mutu 24 ga watan Yuni, 2020) ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne kuma ɗan majalisa. Ya wakilci mazabar jihar Ibaji a majalisa ta 8 a majalisar dokokin jihar Kogi.    

## Manazarta
2017 a Najeriya

Wasu Abubuwan da suka faru a Cikin shekara ta **2017 a ƙasar [[Najeriya]]**.

## Waɗandaa ke aiki

### Gwamnatin Tarayya

* Shugaba: Muhammadu Buhari (APC) 
* Mataimakin Shugaban kasa: Yemi Osinbajo (APC) 
* Shugaban Majalisar Dattawa: Bukola Saraki (APC) 
* Kakakin majalisar: Yakubu Dogara (APC) 
* Babban Mai Shari'a: Walter Samuel Nkanu Onnoghen (Tun daga 7 Maris) 

### Gwamnoni

* Jihar Abia: Okezie Ikpeazu (PDP) 
* Jihar Adamawa: Bindo Jibrilla (APC) 
* Jihar Akwa Ibom: Udom Emmanuel (PDP) 
* Jihar Anambra: Willie Obiano (APGA) 
* Jihar Bauchi: M. A. Abubakar (APC) 
* Jihar Bayelsa: Henry Dickson (PDP) 
* Jihar Benue: Samuel Ortom (APC) 
* Jihar Borno: Kashim Shettima (APC) 
* Jihar Cross River: Ben Ayade (PDP) 
* Jihar Delta: Ifeanyi Okowa (PDP) 
* Jihar Ebonyi: Dave Umahi (PDP) 
* Jihar Edo: Godwin Obaseki (PDP) 
* Jihar Ekiti: Ayo Fayose (PDP) 
* Jihar Enugu: Ifeanyi Ugwuanyi (PDP) 
* Jihar Gombe: Ibrahim Dankwambo (PDP) 
* Jihar Imo: Rochas Okorocha (APC) 
* Jihar Jigawa: Badaru Abubakar (APC) 
* Jihar Kaduna: Nasir el-Rufai (APC) 
* Jihar Kano: Umar Ganduje (APC) 
* Jihar Katsina: Aminu Masari (APC) 
* Jihar Kebbi: Abubakar Atiku Bagudu (APC) 
* Jihar Kogi: Yahaya Bello (APC) 
* Jihar Kwara: Abdulfatah Ahmed (APC) 
* Jihar Legas: Akinwumi Ambode (APC) 
* Jihar Nasarawa: Umaru Al-Makura (APC) 
* Jihar Nijar: Abubakar Sani Bello (APC) 
* Jihar Ogun: Ibikunle Amosun (APC) 
* Jihar Ondo: Olusegun Mimiko (LP) (har zuwa 24 ga Fabrairu); Rotimi Akeredolu (APC) (farawa 24 ga Fabrasiru) 
* Jihar Osun: Rauf Aregbesola (APC) 
* Jihar Oyo: Abiola Ajimobi (APC) 
* Jihar Filayen: Simon Lalong (APC) 
* Jihar Rivers: Ezenwo Nyesom Wike (PDP) 
* Jihar Sokoto: Aminu Tambuwal (APC) 
* Jihar Taraba: Darius Ishaku (PDP) 
* Jihar Yobe: Ibrahim Geida (APC) 
* Jihar Zamfara: Abdul-aziz Yari Abubakar (APC) 

## Abubuwan da suka faru

* 13 Janairu - Gwamna Ezenwo Nyesom Wike na Jihar Rivers ya sanya hannu kan Kasafin kuɗi biliyan 470 a cikin doka.
* 17 ga Janairu - Fashewar bam a Rann, wanda ya haifar da mutuwar mutane 115 bisa ga bayanan hukuma.

## Mutuwa

* 8 ga Janairu - Abdulkadir Kure, ɗan siyasa (ya mutu 1956) 
* 16 ga Janairu - William Onyeabor, mawaƙi-marubucin waƙa (an haife shi a shekara ta 1946) 
* 28 Janairu - Mohammed Bello Abubakar, mai wa'azi na Musulmi kuma mai auren mata da yawa (ya mutu 1924) 
* 26 ga Afrilu - Babalola Borishade, ɗan siyasa (an haife shi a shekara ta 1946) 
* 4 Yuni - Babatunde Osotimehin, likita kuma ɗan siyasa (an haife shi a shekara ta 1949) 
* 21 Yuni - Kelechi Emeteole, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa (an haife shi a shekara ta 1951) 
* 11 ga Agusta - Segun Bucknor, mawaƙi kuma ɗan jarida (an haife shi a shekara ta 1946) 

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin fina-finai na Najeriya na 2017

## Manazarta
Maria Akwaji

**Maria Godwin Akwaji **' yar siyasar Najeriya ce kuma tsohuwar 'yar majalisar dokokin jihar Cross River, mai wakiltar mazabar jihar Obudu a karkashin Jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party PDP.  Ta gaji marigayi mijinta, Godwin Akwaji, wanda ya mutu a watan Yunin 2020 a sakamakon matsaloli daga COVID-19. 

A zaben nata, Maria Akwaji ta yi nasara da gagarumin rinjaye, inda ta samu kuri'u 32,166. Babban abokin hamayyarta, Dokta Godwin Agbor Adaje na Jam’iyyar All Progressives Congress (APC), ya samu kuri’u 3,546.  

## Manazarta
Paul David (mai fafutuka)

**Devdas Paul Davis** (26 ga watan Agusta 1940 - 13 ga watan Agusta 2020) ɗan gwagwarmayar adawa da nuna wariyar launin fata ne na Afirka ta Kudu. Memba na United Democratic Front da Natal Indian Congress, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin Durban Six a cikin shekarar 1984 kuma wanda ake tuhuma a cikin Kotun Kolin cin amanar ƙasa ta Pietermaritzburg a shekarar 1985.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi David a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta 1940 a Pietermaritzburg.  Ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Verulam kuma ya yi karatun lauya a Jami'ar Natal.  Ya shiga Natal Indian Congress (NIC) yana matashi.  Yana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan'uwa tara;  babbar 'yar uwarsa, Phyllis Naidoo, da mijinta, MD Naidoo, su ma fitattun 'yan gwagwarmaya ne. 

An zaɓe shi a matsayin sakataren NIC a shekarar 1979 kuma a matsayin sakataren kwamitin saki Mandela a shekarar 1983.  A cikin shekarar 1984, yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda ake kira Durban Six waɗanda suka nemi mafaka a ofishin jakadancin Burtaniya a Durban. Bayan barin ofishin jakadancin a watan Disamba 1984, an tuhume shi da laifin cin amanar ƙasa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda ake tuhuma 16 a cikin shari'ar cin amanar ƙasa ta Pietermaritzburg.  Duk da haka, an soke tuhumar da ake masa a watan Disamba 1985. 

Bayan kawo ƙarshen mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata, David ya yi aiki da doka kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin dan majalisa a Stanger.  Bayan doguwar rashin lafiya,  ya mutu a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta 2020 a gidan 'yarsa a Stanger.    Waɗanda suka yi jawabi a taron tunawa da shi sun haɗa da Frank Chikane, Ela Gandhi, Jerry Coovadia, Lechesa Tsenoli, da Pravin Gordhan. 

## Manazarta
Stub Wiberg

**Lauritz Stub Wiberg** (11 Maris 1875 - 24 Yuni 1929) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne ɗan ƙasar Norway. Ya fara wasan kwaikwayo na farko a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bergen Den Nationale Scene a 1898, kuma ya buga a Nationaltheatret a Kristiania daga 1903. 

Ya shiga fim din *Glomdalsbruden* daga 1926. 

An yi masa ado a matsayin Knight, Class na farko na Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav a 1928, kuma ya kasance Knight na Swedish Order of the Polar Star.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Nosipho Dastile

**Nosipho Dastile** (1938–2009) 'yar Afrika ta Kudu ce kuma mai fafutukar yaki da wariyar launin fata a cikin ƙaramin garin Uitenhage, kusa da Port Elizabeth, lardin Gabashin Cape, Afirka ta Kudu. An zaɓe ta kansila a ƙarƙashin tutar sabuwar karamar hukumar Uitenhage ta hanyar dimokuraɗiyya daga shekarun 1994 zuwa 1999.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Nosipho Dastile a shekara ta 1938 a Uitenhage, inda ta yi karatun karamar  sakandare. Bayan ta kammala karatun ta, ta fara aiki a matsayin mai fafutuka a yankin Uitenhage, musamman mai da hankali kan ilimi. Wani ɓangare na aikinta na al'umma shi ne ta ba da aikin sa kai a matsayin malama a Makarantar Mishan ta Roman Katolika sannan ta wuce zuwa Makarantar Firamare ta Little Flower, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin malama na cikakken lokaci. A lokacin da ake ci gaba da fafutukar siyasa a Afirka ta Kudu, bayan da aka kafa mulkin  nuna wariyar launin fata a matsayin tsarin mulkin siyasa a hukumance, ta shiga siyasa kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa jam'iyyar United Democratic Front (UDF) a Uitenhage. Yunkurin siyasarta ya ƙaru daga karfi zuwa karfi kuma a zaɓen da aka gudanar a ɗakin taro na Uitenhage, an zaɓe ta a matsayin shugabar ƙungiyar mata ta Uitenhage. 

## Rayuwar Siyasa
Ba da jimawa ba bayan dakatar da jam'iyyun siyasa da masu fafutukar 'yanci da suka yi gudun hijira waɗanda suka zama yunkurin 'yanci a shekarar 1990, an zabi Nosipho a matsayin shugabar kungiyar mata ta African National Congress Women's League (ANCWL) na yankin Uitenhage. Ta ci gaba da aikinta na fafutuka da yi wa jama'a da al'ummar Uitenhage hidima kuma a shekarar 1994 aka zaɓe ta a matsayin kansila ta farko a ƙarƙashin tutar sabuwar ƙaramar hukumar riƙon kwarya ta Uitenhage ta dimokuraɗiyya na tsawon shekaru biyar har zuwa 1999. Bayan haka, ta ɗauki lokaci daga harkokin siyasa saboda rashin lafiya amma ta ci gaba da aikin sa kai a matsayin malama a Ruth Dano creche a Uitenhage. Ta rasu a watan Mayun 2009 tana da shekaru 71 a duniya. An yi jana'izar ta cikin lumana a tsakanin jama'arta a ranar 23 ga watan Mayun 2009 a makabartar Kwanobuhle tare da halartar manyan jiga-jigan jam'iyyar ANC.

## Girmamawa
Ofisoshin yanki na ANC a Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape ana kiran su Florence Matomela House.  Mawallafin Nombulelo Dassie ya ƙirƙiri wani sassaka na Florence Matomela.  An gudanar da nune-nunen baje kolin shekara guda da Nomabaso Bedeshe ya shirya a gidan kayan tarihi na Red Location yana girmama Florence Matomela, Nontuthuzelo Mabala, Veronica Sobukwe, Lilian Diedricks da Nosipho Dastile. Baje kolin ya hada da tarihin rayuwa da kuma hotunan matan biyar. 

## Duba kuma

* Labaran SABC 
* The Herald Live 

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Nelson Mandela Bay Tourism 
* Gwamnatin Nelson Mandela Bay

## Manazarta
Sowans

Sowans ko sowens (/ ˈsuinz/ |; / ˈsʌuɪnz/; /sɔɪnz/; /swinz/;  Scottish Gaelic: sùghan), wanda kuma ake kira virpa a cikin Shetland,   wani tasa ne na Scotland wanda aka yi ta amfani da sitaci da ya rage akan buhunan hatsi bayan niƙa. Ana barin husk ɗin ya jiƙa a cikin ruwa kuma ya yi taki na ƴan kwanaki. Ana takure barasar kuma a bar shi ya tsaya na yini guda don ba da damar abin da ke cikin sitaci ya daidaita. Ana zubar da ɓangaren ruwa, ko swats, kuma ana iya sha. Ragowar sowan ana tafasa shi da ruwa da gishiri har sai ya yi kauri, sannan a zuba da man shanu ko a tsoma a madara. Dandan yana da tsami sosai.

## Manazarta
Wurin haqar kwal na Bengalon

'Wurin hakar kwal na Bengalon yana Gabashin Kalimantan. Mahakar ma'adinan tana da arzikin kwal da ya kai tan miliyan 871 na Coking Coal, daya daga cikin manyan ma'adinan kwal a Asiya da duniya. Ma'adinan yana da damar samar da tan miliyan 4.3 na kwal kowace shekara.

A cikin 2004, an nada Henry Walker Eltin kwangilar sabis na ma'adinai.

## Manazarta
Gidan gonar Tweed

Tweed Farms a Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario ita ce mafi girma a duniya a cikin 2014.  A lokacin, tana da murabba'in ƙafa 350,000 (33,000 m2) na sarari na cikin gida. Mallakar ta Canopy Growth Corporation, wani kamfani na Kanada wanda ke siyar da jama'a. A cikin 2017 kamfanin ya sami lasisi don faɗaɗa zuwa c. 1,000,000 murabba'in ƙafa (93,000 m2) na sarari, don kasancewa a shirye don samarwa ta Afrilu 2018.

A cikin Nuwamba 2021, Canopy Growth Corporation ya rufe Tweed Farms yayin da kamfanin ke kokawa da riba. Sakamakon rufewar, an kori ma'aikata 30 kuma za a mayar da ma'aikatan 60 zuwa wasu wurare na cikin gida a Kincardine, Ontario da Smiths Falls, Ontario.  

## Manazarta
Nu Colombia

Nu Colombia, wanda aka fi sani da EPM, ƙwararrun ƙungiyar kekuna ce ta Colombia. Tawagar tana shiga cikin balaguron balaguron Amurka na UCI.

Abubuwan da ke ciki

1 Tawagar roster2Doping3Major ta lashe zakarun na kasa45Notes6References7Haɗin waje

## Sunayen qungiya
Tun daga 22 Janairu 2024.

## Manazarta