Lisa Cook

**Lisa DeNell Cook** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1964) ƙwararriyar masaniyar tattalin arziki ce 'yar Amurka wadda aka rantsar da ita a matsayin memba a Hukumar Gwamnonin Tarayya a shekara ta 2022. Ita ce mace baƙar fata ta farko da ta hau kan wannan kujera. Kafin naɗa ta a Hukumar Kula da Asusun Tarayya, an zaɓe ta a watan Janairun 2022 a matsayin memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na hukumar.&nbsp;Bankin Tarayya na Chicago .  Ta kuma kasance mataimakiyar bincike a Ofishin Bincike na Tattalin Arziki na Ƙasa . 

A da Cook farfesa ce a fannin tattalin arziki da hulda da ƙasashen duniya a Jami'ar Jihar Michigan kuma memba ce a Kwamitin Zartarwa na Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Amurka .  Ta kasance ƙwararriya a fannin tattalin arziki na ƙasashen duniya, musamman tattalin arzikin Rasha, ta kasance tana ba da shawara ga masu tsara manufofi tun daga Gwamnatin Obama zuwa gwamnatocin Najeriya da Rwanda . Bincikenta yana kan mahadar tattalin arziki da tarihin tattalin arziki, tare da ayyukan da ta yi kwanan nan a tarihin Afirka-Amurka da tattalin arziki na kirkire-kirkire .   Ana ɗaukar Cook a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mata 'yan kasuwa mata masu tattalin arziki  kuma ta jawo hankali a cikin jami'o'i saboda ƙoƙarinta na jagorantar mata baƙaƙe da kuma fafutukar shigar da su cikin fannin tattalin arziki. 

On January 14, 2022, Joe Biden nominated Cook to serve as Federal Reserve governor; she was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on May 10 after a 50–50 vote was broken by a tie breaker vote by Kamala Harris, and took office on May 23, 2022.

A ranar 15 ga Agusta, 2025, darektan Hukumar Kuɗin Gidaje ta Tarayya Bill Pulte ya zargi Cook da aikata zamba ta jinginar gida, kuma ya aika da wasiƙar tura wa Babban Lauyan Pam Bondi game da lamarin, yana ƙarfafa cewa Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta fara bincike.  A watan Satumba na 2025, Lauyan Afuwa na Amurka Ed Martin ya fara binciken laifuka na Ma'aikatar Shari'a kan Cook bisa zargin zamba ta jinginar gida.  Duk da haka, a ranar 12 ga Satumba, Reuters ta buga wani bincike na "fom ɗin tantance lamuni da aiki" da Cook ya gabatar, da kuma bayanan kadarori, waɗanda suka saba wa zarge-zargen gwamnatin Trump a kanta kai tsaye. 

A ranar 25 ga Agusta, 2025, Shugaba Donald Trump ya sanar da cewa zai cire Cook daga Hukumar Gwamnonin Tarayya, yana mai cewa an yi zargin "damfara da kuma yiwuwar aikata laifuka". Dokar Tarayya ta ba da damar a cire gwamnoni " don dalili " kawai, wani tanadi da aka yi niyya don kare ' yancin bankin tsakiya . Cook ta musanta zarge-zargen kuma ta shigar da kara a kotun tarayya, tana mai jayayya cewa korar ta ba bisa ka'ida ba ce kuma siyasa ce ta jawo hakan. Yayin da shari'ar ke ci gaba, har yanzu ana daukarta a matsayin gwamna mai aiki a shari'a,  har sai an yanke hukunci kan ko shugaban yana da ikon cire ta.  

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Cook a shekarar 1964,  ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'ya mata uku na limamin asibitin Baptist Payton B. Cook da farfesa a fannin jinya a Kwalejin Georgia Mary Murray Cook. Ta girma a Milledgeville, Georgia .  Tun tana ƙarama, ta shiga cikin raba makarantu a Georgia, kuma har yanzu tana da tabo na jiki daga hare-haren da masu wariyar launin fata suka kai mata lokacin da ta shiga wata makarantar farar fata a da.  Ita 'yar uwa ce ga masanin sinadarai Percy Julian, Ba'amurke ɗan Afirka na farko da ya shugabanci babban dakin gwaje-gwaje na kamfani. 

Ta halarci Kwalejin Spelman, inda aka sanya mata suna a matsayin Harry S. Truman Scholar, kuma ta kammala karatun digiri *na magna cum laude* a fannin kimiyyar lissafi da falsafa a shekarar 1986. Ta ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin St Hilda, Oxford, a matsayin Malamin Marshall na farko na Spelman inda ta sami wani digiri na biyu a fannin falsafa, siyasa da tattalin arziki a shekarar 1988. Ta yi kwasa-kwasan zuwa digiri na biyu a fannin falsafa a Jami'ar Cheikh Anta Diop da ke Senegal .  Bayan tafiyar hawa dutse a kan Dutsen Kilimanjaro tare da masanin tattalin arziki, Cook ta fara tunanin yin digiri na uku a fannin tattalin arziki.   Ta yi amfani da keken guragu na ɗan lokaci saboda hatsarin mota, lokacin da ta shiga makarantar digiri na biyu. [  Cook ta sami digiri na uku a fannin tattalin arziki daga Jami'ar California, Berkeley, a shekarar 1997 karkashin jagorancin Barry Eichengreen da David Romer .  Rubutun digirinta ya mayar da hankali kan rashin ci gaban tsarin banki a Rasha ta zamanin sarakuna da kuma bayan Soviet .  

## Sana'a
Cook ta kasance mataimakiyar farfesa mai ziyara a Makarantar Gwamnati ta Kennedy a Jami'ar Harvard da Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard daga 1997 zuwa 2002, inda ta kasance mataimakiyar darakta a Binciken Afirka a Cibiyar Ci Gaban Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Harvard. Daga 2000 zuwa 2001, ta kasance babbar mai ba da shawara kan harkokin kuɗi da ci gaba a Ma'aikatar Baitulmalin Amurka a matsayin memba na Majalisar Harkokin Ƙasa da Ƙasashen Waje. Ta kasance memba na Ƙasa da Bincike a Cibiyar Hoover ta Jami'ar Stanford daga 2002 zuwa 2005. Cook ta ba gwamnatin Najeriya shawara kan gyare-gyaren bankunanta a 2005, da kuma gwamnatin Rwanda kan ci gaban tattalin arziki.  A 2005, Cook ta shiga Jami'ar Jihar Michigan a matsayin mataimakiyar farfesa, ta zama farfesa mai aiki a 2013. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Babbar Masanin Tattalin Arziki a Majalisar Masu Ba da Shawara kan Tattalin Arziki ta Gwamnatin Obama daga Agusta 2011 zuwa Agusta 2012. 

A farkon aikinta, binciken Cook ya mayar da hankali kan tattalin arzikin ƙasashen duniya, musamman tattalin arzikin Rasha . Daga baya ta faɗaɗa bincikenta kan ci gaban tattalin arziki don mai da hankali kan tarihin tattalin arzikin Baƙar fata Amurkawa.  Bincikenta ya nuna cewa cin zarafin da aka yi wa Baƙar fata Amurkawa a ƙarƙashin dokokin Jim Crow ya haifar da ƙarancin adadin haƙƙin mallaka da aka shigar.   Tare da sauran masana tattalin arziki, ta tattara wani dogon bayani game da kisan gillar da aka yi a Amurka. 

From 2016 to 2020, she directed the American Economic Association's Summer Program for underrepresented minority students. She became a member of the American Economic Association's Executive Committee in 2019.

A watan Nuwamba na 2020, an nada Cook a matsayin memba na sa-kai na Ƙungiyar Binciken Hukumar Sauyi ta Shugaban ƙasa Joe Biden don tallafawa ƙoƙarin sauyi da ya shafi Babban Bankin Tarayya . 

## Hukumar Gwamnonin Tarayya ta Tarayya (2021-yanzu)

### Zamanin aiki

A shekarar 2021, an ruwaito cewa Sanata Sherrod Brown ya matsa wa gwamnatin Biden lamba da ta nada Cook don ya yi aiki a kwamitin gwamnonin tarayya . Shugaba Biden ya nada Cook a hukumance don zama memba na kwamitin gwamnonin a ranar 14 ga Janairu, 2022. Ita ce mace bakar fata ta farko a kwamitin reshen tarayya.

An gudanar da zaman sauraren ra'ayoyin jama'a kan nadin Cook a gaban Kwamitin Banki na Majalisar Dattawa a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 2022. A ranar 16 ga Maris, 2022, kwamitin ya gaza cimma matsaya kan nadin Cook a kuri'ar da jam'iyya ta kada, wanda hakan ya tilasta wa dukkan Majalisar Dattawan yin watsi da nadin nata daga kwamitin.   A ranar 29 ga Maris, 2022, Majalisar Dattawan Amurka ta janye nadin nata daga Kwamitin Banki na Majalisar Dattawa da kuri'u 50-49.  A ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 2022, Majalisar Dattawa ta yi yunkurin yin amfani da karfin iko kan nadin nata, amma ba a amince da shi ba da kuri'u 47-51 saboda sanatoci Chris Murphy da Ron Wyden sun kamu da cutar COVID-19 kuma ba su iya kada kuri'a ba. Babu wani dan Republican na Majalisar Dattawa da ya kayar da ita, wanda ya siffanta ta a matsayin wacce ba ta cancanta ba kuma mai tsattsauran ra'ayi na bangaren hagu.   A ranar 10 ga Mayu, 2022, Majalisar Dattawa ta tabbatar da nadinta da kuri'u 51-50, inda Mataimakiyar Shugaba Kamala Harris ta kada kuri'ar raba gardama, bayan da aka amince da nadinta da kuri'u 50-49. 

A watan Mayun 2023, Biden ta zabi Cook na tsawon shekaru 14.  Majalisar Dattawa ta tabbatar da nadin nata a ranar 6 ga Satumba, 2023, da kuri'u 51–47. 

#### Zarge-zargen zamba da yunƙurin korar su
A ranar 15 ga Agusta, 2025, daraktan Hukumar Kuɗin Gidaje ta Tarayya (FHFA) Bill Pulte ya zargi Cook da zamba a kan jinginar gida, yana mai cewa ta yi iƙirarin gidaje biyu daban-daban a matsayin babban gidanta a 2021 don samun ingantattun sharuɗɗan lamuni. Pulte ya ce ya gabatar da ƙarar laifi ga Ma'aikatar Shari'a.  Zarge-zargen sun shafi kadarori da yawa: ɗaya yana Michigan ɗayan kuma yana Georgia (dukansu ana zargin an yi iƙirarin zama babban gida), da kuma kadarori na uku a Massachusetts wanda aka yi iƙirarin zama gida na biyu. 

Pulte ya riga ya yi irin wannan zargi ga wasu abokan hamayyar siyasa guda biyu na Shugaba Donald Trump, wato babban lauyan New York Letitia James da Sanata Adam Schiff .   A lokacin wata hira *da CNBC* a ranar 4 ga Satumba, 2025, ɗan jarida Andrew Ross Sorkin ya yi wa Pulte tambayoyi game da fahimtar "makamai na siyasa." Sorkin ya ce "Misali, idan, misali, wannan shawara ta fito ne daga cikin gwamnati, ko kuma ta fito ne daga cikin hukumar ku, tare da wani wanda ke aiki a gare ku ... to hakan yana haifar da matsalar fahimta".  Pulte ya ƙi fayyace ko wannan shawara game da zamba na jinginar gida ya fito ne daga cikin gwamnati ko kuma daga jama'a. Pulte ya kuma ƙi yin tsokaci lokacin da aka tambaye shi ko hukumarsa za ta sake duba bayanan Ken Paxton, babban lauyan Texas, wanda ya ayyana gidaje uku daban-daban na Texas a matsayin manyan gidaje a cikin takardun jinginar gida, a cewar rahoton *The New York Times* .   Bayan mako guda, mambobi 24 na Kwamitin Democrat na Majalisar Wakilai sun nemi babban jami'in FHFA ya sake duba tsarin da Pulte ya karbi kyautar kuma ya gabatar da zarge-zargen. 

On August 20, Trump posted on Truth Social calling for Cook's resignation. Later that day, Cook rejected the demand, saying she would not be pressured to leave her post over "some questions raised in a tweet" and promised "to take any questions about [her] financial history seriously as a member of the Federal Reserve".

A ranar 25 ga Agusta, Shugaba Trump ya sanar da cewa ya kori Cook, bisa ga zargin da ake yi masa.   A martanin da ya mayar, Cook ya ce "Shugaba Trump ya yi ikirarin cewa ya kore ni daga aiki 'don dalili' alhali babu wani dalili a ƙarƙashin doka, kuma ba shi da ikon yin hakan." Lauyan Cook, Abbe Lowell, ya ce: "Shugaba Trump ya sake komawa shafukan sada zumunta don sake 'yin kora ta hanyar tweet' kuma sake tunaninsa na cin zarafi yana da matsala kuma buƙatunsa ba su da wani tsari mai kyau, tushe ko ikon doka.... Za mu ɗauki duk wani mataki da ake buƙata don hana yunƙurinsa na aikata ba bisa ƙa'ida ba".  A cikin shekaru 112 na aikin Babban Bankin Tarayya, yunƙurin korar Cook shine karo na farko da shugaban ƙasa ya yi ƙoƙarin korar gwamna. 

A ranar 28 ga Agusta, Cook ta shigar da ƙara a kan Shugaba Trump kan shawarar korar ta daga aiki, tana mai cewa Fadar White House ba ta da ikon ba da umarnin korar ta.   

A ranar 2 ga Satumba, an fitar da wata buɗaɗɗiyar wasiƙa wacce masana tattalin arziki 593 da kuma wasu masu lambar yabo ta Nobel suka sanya wa hannu; ta kare 'yancin Federal Reserve kuma ta yi gargaɗin cewa korar Cook zai lalata aminci ga "ɗaya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyi na Amurka", tana mai cewa a wani ɓangare na "Manufar tattalin arziki mai kyau tana buƙatar cibiyoyin kuɗi masu inganci. Cibiyoyin kuɗi masu inganci, bi da bi, suna buƙatar 'yancin Federal Reserve."    A ranar 3 ga Satumba, sanatocin Amurka Mike Rounds da Thom Tillis sun bayyana a cikin hirarraki cewa ba za su yi la'akari da wani madadin Cook ba har sai an warware shari'ar.  

A ranar 9 ga Satumba, Alkali Jia M. Cobb daga Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta Gundumar Columbia ya hana shugaban kasa cire Lisa Cook daga kwamitin gwamnoni na wani lokaci. Hukuncin ya bayyana cewa dalilan da shugaban kasa ya bayar na cire Cook ba su kai ga matakin da ake bukata ba saboda dalilai masu yawa . Wani bangare na dalilan da suka sa aka yanke hukuncin shine cewa matakin neman rancen ya kasance kafin wa'adin mulkinsa a matsayin gwamnan Tarayyar. Dangane da wannan shawarar, Cook zai iya kaɗa ƙuri'a a taron Tarayyar Tarayya na gaba. 

A ranar 12 ga Satumba, Reuters ta buga wani bincike kan "fom ɗin tantance lamuni [da] aiki" da Cook ta gabatar, wanda kwararru da dama na shari'a da harkokin kuɗi suka ce sun musanta ko kuma sun raunana ikirarin zamba na jinginar gida.   Takardun da Reuters ta yi nazari a kansu sun nuna "cewa Cook ta ayyana kadarar [a Georgia] a matsayin 'gidan hutu'" maimakon babban gida kamar yadda jami'an gwamnatin Trump suka yi iƙirarin; sun haɗa da takardar kimanta lamuni da aka miƙa wa mai ba ta lamuni, da kuma takardar SF-86 da jami'an gwamnatin Amurka suka gabatar yayin binciken bayanan sirri. Reuters ta kuma lura cewa "takardun jinginar gida na tarayya na yau da kullun" sun ba da damar keɓancewa daga amfani da kadarorin jinginar gida a matsayin babban zama, idan an amince da su a rubuce. Bayanan kadarori sun kuma nuna cewa Cook ba ta taɓa neman keɓe haraji na farko a Georgia ba.  A ranar 13 ga Satumba, "lauyoyin Ms. Cook sun yi nuni da sabbin takaddun da aka gano wajen yin kira ga kwamitin alkalai da su bar ta ta ci gaba da aiki".  A ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, lauyoyin Cook sun aika wa Babban Lauya Pam Bondi wasiƙa don mayar da martani ga ƙarar da Pulse ta shigar kan laifukan da ke nuna cewa ikirarin ba su da tushe. 

A ranar 15 ga watan Satumba, Kotun daukaka kara ta Amurka ta Gundumar Columbia ta amince da hukuncin 9 ga watan Satumbar daga Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta Gundumomin Columbia. Wannan hukuncin ya ba Cook damar jefa kuri'a a taron Kwamitin Kasuwancin Kasuwanci na Tarayya na 16 ga Satumba washegari bayan hukuncin. A wannan rana, Reuters ta ruwaito cewa buƙatar da aka yi wa mai binciken haraji na Ann Arbor, Michigan ba ta bayyana wani keta dokokin zama na farko da suka shafi cire haraji ga dukiyar Cook a cikin birni ba. A ranar 18 ga watan Satumba, gwamnatin Trump ta yi kira ga Kotun Koli ta Amurka da roko na gaggawa don ɗaga hukunce-hukuncen ƙananan kotun.

A ranar 1 ga Oktoba, Kotun Koli ta ba Cook damar ci gaba da zama a matsayinta har sai da ta ji muhawara ta baki a watan Janairun 2026.  A ranar 21 ga Janairun 2026, Kotun Koli ta saurari muhawara ta baki game da shari'ar. Babban abin da ya dame manyan alkalai shi ne 'yancin kai na Hukumar Kula da Kudaden Tarayya idan shugaban kasa zai iya cire su yayin da shugaban kasa ke da kwarin gwiwar sanya ƙimar riba ga ƙimar da yake so ƙimar ta kasance. Alkali Kavanaugh ya bayyana cewa, "Da zarar an saki waɗannan kayan aikin, ɓangarorin biyu za su yi amfani da su." Ya kuma yi gargaɗin cewa, "Dole ne mu san abin da muke yi da kuma sakamakon matsayinku ga tsarin gwamnati". 

## Bayanan kula

## Zaɓaɓɓun ayyuka

* Cook, Lisa D. "Ba da lamuni na ciniki da kuɗaɗen banki: Tallafin ƙananan kamfanoni a Rasha." Mujallar Kasuwanci ta 14, lamba 5-6 (1999): 493–518.
* Cook, Lisa D. "Tashin hankali da ayyukan tattalin arziki: shaida daga haƙƙin mallaka na 'yan Afirka na Amurka, 1870–1940." Mujallar Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki 19, lamba 2 (2014): 221–257.
* Atkins, Rachel, Lisa Cook, da Robert Seamans . "Wariya a fannin bayar da rance? Shaida daga shirin kare albashi." Tattalin Arzikin Kasuwanci na Ƙananan Kasuwanci 58.2 (2022): 843-865.
* Cook, Lisa D. da Jeffrey Sachs . "Kayayyakin jama'a na yanki a cikin taimakon ƙasashen duniya." Kaul et al., Kayayyakin jama'a na duniya: haɗin gwiwar ƙasa da ƙasa a ƙarni na 21 (1999): 436–449.
* Cook, Lisa D., Maggie EC Jones, Trevon D. Logan, da David Rosé. "Canjin damar samun masauki na jama'a a Amurka." Mujallar Tattalin Arziki ta Kwata 138, lamba 1 (2023): 37-102.
* Cook, Lisa D., Trevon D. Logan, da John M. Parman. "Sunaye baƙaƙe na musamman a tarihin Amurka." Bincike a Tarihin Tattalin Arziki 53 (2014): 64–82.

## Manazarta