open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Monica (yar fim)

**Monica** (an haife ta Rekha Maruthiraj) tsohuwar 'yar wasan Indiya ce, wacce ta yi tauraro mafi yawa a cikin fina-finan Tamil. Yarinya yar wasan kwaikwayo a farkon 1990s, ta fi fitowa a matsayin goyon baya, kafin ta dauki jagoranci daga karshen 2000s. Wataƙila an fi saninta da wasan kwaikwayo a cikin fina-finan Azhagi, Imsai Arasan 23m Pulikesi da Silandhi. A cikin shekarar 2012, ta canza suna zuwa Parvana don fina-finan Malayalam. A shekarar 2014 ta musulunta, inda ta canza sunanta zuwa M. G. Rahima, ta kuma bayyana cewa ta daina wasan kwaikwayo

## Rayuwar sirri
A ranar 30 ga Mayu 2014, Monica ta musulunta da sabon sunanta M. G. Raheema inda M shine Maruthi Raj (mahaifi) da G is Gracy (mahaifiya). Mahaifin Monika Hindu ne kuma mahaifiyarta Kirista ce.

Rahima ta auri Malik, wani ɗan kasuwa mazaunin Chennai wanda ya fito daga Salem. Malik yana shigowa da fitar da kayan lantarki ne.

## Manazarta
Yuri Holub

Yury Holub (an Haife shi 16 ga watan Afrilu, shekara ta 1996) ɗan ƙasar Belarus ne namijin da yake fama da matsalar gani na ƙetare skier da biathlete. Ya fara wasan nakasassu na farko a lokacin wasannin nakasassu na lokacin hunturu na 2018 kuma ya ci gaba da neman lambobin yabo 3 ya zuwa yanzu a bayyanarsa ta Paralympic ta farko gami da lambar zinare. Ya sami lambar zinare ta farko ta Paralympic bayan ya lashe gasar tseren kilomita 12.5 na maza masu fama da nakasa a lokacin gasar wasannin nakasassu ta lokacin hunturu ta shekarar 2018. 

Ya kuma yi ikirarin lashe lambobin azurfa a gasar biathlon na maza na 7.5km na nakasasshen gani da kuma tseren gudun kan kilomita 20 na maza kyauta a matsayin wani bangare na wasannin nakasassu na lokacin hunturu na 2018 tare da taimakon jagorar gani, Dzmitry Budzilovich.

Ya ci lambar zinare a gasar biathlon na maza na kilomita 6 na nakasa gani a Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Duniya na Para Snow na 2021 da aka gudanar a Lillehammer, Norway. Ya kuma lashe lambar zinare a gasar biathlon na maza mai tsawon kilomita 10. A tseren kankara, ya sami lambar tagulla a tseren kilomita 12.5 na maza.

## Manazarta
Neville Curtis

**Neville Wilson Curtis** (an haife shi a Afirka ta Kudu 16 Oktoba 1947; ya mutu Tasmania a ranar 15 ga watan Fabrairu 2007) ɗan gwagwarmayar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata ne kuma shugaban ƙungiyar  Ɗalibai ta Afirka ta Kudu.

Iyayen Curtis John (Jack) da Joyce sun kasance masu adawa da wariyar launin fata kuma. Joyce ya shiga cikin gwagwarmayar  Black Sash kuma mahaifinsa Jack ya yi takara a matsayin ɗan takarar jam'iyyar Progressive Party, wanda ya yi yakin neman zaɓen alan adawa da nuna wariyar launin fata.

## Aiki
Bayan da aka kama shi da jagorantar wani tattaki a shekarar 1968 don neman a saki mutanen da ake tsare da su ba tare da shari'a ba,  Neville Curtis ya zama Mataimakin Shugaban NUSAS don cike gurbin da gwamnati ta kori Mataimakin Andrew Murray. Daga nan Curtis ya zama shugaban NUSAS na shekaru biyu masu zuwa daga shekarun 1969, yana jagorantar ayyukanta a matsayin kungiyar yaki da wariyar launin fata.

A matsayin shugaban NUSAS, kuma abokin Steve Biko, Curtis ya goyi bayan ƙirƙirar 1969 na ƙungiyar ɗaliban Afirka ta Kudu daban-daban (SASO), ƙungiyar ɗalibai na Black Consciousness Movement. A cikin shekarar 1973 gwamnatin nuna wariyar launin fata ta dakatar da Curtis.   A cikin watan Satumba na 1974 an tuhume shi da laifin karya umarnin haramtawa, kuma ya gudu daga ƙasar zuwa Ostiraliya inda yake da alaƙar dangi. Ya nemi mafakar siyasa kuma gwamnatin Whitlam Labour ta ba shi izinin zama na dindindin.

A Ostiraliya, Curtis ya ci gaba da yakin neman zaɓen adawa da nuna wariyar launin fata. Ya ci gaba da rangadin magana ga kungiyar ɗalibai ta Australiya a faɗin Australia, New Zealand da sauran ƙasashe. Ya kuma yi aiki da Sanata Arthur Gietzelt na Jam'iyyar Labour.

A cikin shekarar 1984, 'yar'uwar Curtis Jeanette Schoon, wacce ta tsere daga Afirka ta Kudu ita ma, an kashe ta tare da yarta Katryn 'yar shekara shida ta hanyar bam da wani ɗan leken asirin 'yan sanda Craig Williamson ya kawo.  Bom ɗin dai ta ce an yi niyya ne ga mijinta, Marius Schoon, wanda kamar ta, ma'aikaciyar Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ce; ba a taɓa tabbatar da ko bam ɗin an yi magana da shi ne shi kaɗai ko kuma duka biyun. 

Curtis ya zauna a Tasmania a cikin shekarar 1980s inda ya zama mai goyon bayan MP Bob Brown mai zaman kansa da ƙungiyar da ta zama Tasmanian Greens. Bayan da aka zaɓi 'yan Greens biyar masu zaman kansu a majalisar dokoki a shekara ta 1989, Curtis ya kafa mujallar *Daily Planet* wacce ta ci gaba da zama mujalla ta hukuma ta Greens Tasmania.

Curtis ya kasance mai tallafawa jaridar Ostiraliya *Green Left Weekly* a cikin shekarar 1991. 

Curtis ya mutu bayan doguwar jinya a gidansa da ke White Beach, Tasmania a ranar 15 ga watan Fabrairu 2007.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin sunayen mutanen da aka haramtawa oda a karkashin mulkin wariyar launin fata

## Manazarta
Hanyar karkashin kasa ta Hsuehshan

hanyar karkashin kasa ce ta Hsuehshan mafi tsawo a taiwan wadda aka bude aranar 16 ga watan yuni a shekarar 2006

## Bayani
Hanyoyin suna da matsala ta hanyar Hsuehshan Range. Hanyar ta haɗa Taipei ta hanyar New Taipei zuwa Yilan County,  ta rage lokacin tafiya daga sa'o'i biyu zuwa rabin sa'a. Ya wuce gundumar karkara ta Pinglin, wanda ya kasance yana karɓar babban zirga-zirga kafin kammala ramin. Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman manufofi na gina ramin shine haɗa yammacin gabar Taiwan, inda kashi 95% na yawan jama'a ke zaune, zuwa gabar gabashin tsibirin kuma ta yin hakan magance ci gaban da ba daidai ba a tsibirin.[1] An gina shi tare da ramin matukin jirgi guda ɗaya da manyan ramin biyu don zirga-zirgar gabas da yamma. Jimlar tsawon ita ce kilomita 12.942 kilometres (8.042 mi) (8.042 , yana mai da Hsuehshan Tunnel na tara mafi tsawo a duniya (na biyar a lokacin budewa) kuma na shida mafi tsawo. An buɗe ramin a watan Yunin shekara ta 2006 zuwa mummunar tarkon zirga-zirga
## manazar
Kaset din redio

cassette na sauti, ko kawai tef ko cassette, tsarin rikodin tef ne na analog don rikodin sauti da sake kunnawa. Lou Ottens da tawagarsa ne suka kirkireshi a kamfanin Philips na Holland, an saki Compact Cassette a watan Agustan 1963
## Manazarta
Mohammed Dangor

**Mohammed Dangor** ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne, jami'in diflomasiyya kuma mai fafutukar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata wanda ya kasance Wakilin Dindindin a Majalisar Larduna ta ƙasa tun a watan Yunin 2019. Shi memba ne na tawagar lardin Gauteng mai wakiltar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta Afirka. Dangor ya taɓa zama jakadan Afirka ta Kudu a Libya da Syria da kuma Saudiyya.

## Tarihi
Ɗaya daga cikin yara tara, Dangor ya shiga gwagwarmayar yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata tun yana ƙarami. Bayan kawo ƙarshen mulkin wariyar launin fata Dangor ya zama jakadan Afirka ta Kudu a Libya da Siriya da kuma Saudiyya. 

## Aikin majalisa
Bayan babban zaɓen shekarar 2019, an zaɓi Dangor a matsayin wakilin dindindin na majalisar lardunan ƙasar  daga lardin Gauteng mai wakiltar majalisar dokokin Afirka ta ƙasa. Shi ne kaɗai wakilin da ba a rantsar da shi tare da dukkan sauran wakilai na dindindin ba a zaman farko na jam’iyyar NCOP a ranar 23 ga watan Mayu 2019; An rantsar da shi ne a ranar 9 ga watan Yuni 2019 a Dutsen Tsarin Mulki a Johannesburg ta Alkalin Shugaba Dustan Mlambo na Sashen Gauteng na Babban Kotun.  

### Ayyukan kwamitin

* Kwamitin Binciken Tsarin Mulki na haɗin gwiwa
* Kwamitin Zaɓuɓɓuka kan Gudanar da haɗin gwiwa da Harkokin Al'adu, Ruwa da Tsabtace-tsabtace da Gidajen Ɗan Adam
* Kwamitin Zaɓuɓɓuka kan Gyaran Ƙasa, Muhalli, albarkatun ma'adinai da Makamashi
* Kwamitin Zaɓuɓɓuka kan korafe-korafe da Ayyukan Zartarwa
* Kwamitin Zaɓuɓɓuka kan Kasuwancin Jama'a da Sadarwa (Memba na Sauran) 
* Kwamitin Zaɓuɓɓuka kan Tsaro da Adalci
* Kwamitin Zaɓuɓɓuka kan Sufuri, Ayyukan Jama'a da Gudanarwa, Ayyukan jama'a da Infrastructure
* Kwamitin Zaɓuɓɓuka kan Ciniki da Masana'antu, Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki, Ci gaban Ƙananan Kasuwanci, Yawon Buɗe Ido, Aiki da Aiki

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Dangor ɗan uwa ne ga marigayi mataimakin babban sakataren jam'iyyar ANC kuma mai fafutukar yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata Jessie Duarte. 

A watan Maris na 2019, an shigar da Dangor da matarsa zuwa ICU bayan an kai musu mummunan hari yayin fashi a gidansu da ke Johannesburg, Gauteng.  

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Mr Mohammed Dangora taron jama'a
* Bayani a Majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu
Jacqueline Daane-van Rensburg

**Jacqueline Daane-van Rensburg**, an haife shi a ranar 17 ga watan Disamba 1937, a Cape Town, farar fata ce ta Afirka ta Kudu da ke da hannu a cikin gwagwarmaya na cikin gida ga wariyar launin fata. Bayan ta ɗauki wani yaro bakar fata da kuma taimaka wa bakar fata a lokuta daban-daban, ta yi hijira zuwa Netherlands, sannan zuwa New Zealand, inda ta ci gaba da yakin.

Ta koma Afirka ta Kudu a shekara ta 2004.

## Tarihin Rayuwa

### Ƙuruciya da ayyukan farko
An haife ta a ranar 17 ga watan Disamba 1937,  a Cape Town.  Matsalolinta da hukumomi sun fara ne a shekara ta 1956, lokacin da ta ɗauki wani yaro baƙar fata kuma ta yanke shawarar tura shi makaranta ta musamman a Worcester, wata unguwa a Cape Town.  'Yan sanda sun tilasta mata ƙaura,  da ƙari, mijinta da ita sun rasa ayyukansu. 

Ta zauna a Claremont, da sauri ta sake fuskantar matsala. A shekarar 1958, ta shigar da ƙara a kan wani ɗan sanda bayan ta shaida shi yana dukan wani bakar fata.   Bayan waɗannan abubuwan, Daane-van Rensburg dole ne ya sake motsawa.  A shekara ta 1959, ta taimaki wani Ba’indiya wanda mota ta buge ta kuma ta sami gargaɗi daga ‘yan sandan Claremont.  A shekara mai zuwa, 'yan sanda sun kama 'yar Afirka ta Kudu da bindiga bayan ta ba wa baƙaƙen fata ruwanta yayin wata zanga-zanga.  

### Ƙaura
Ta zaɓi yin hijira a cikin shekarar 1960 tare da danginta kuma ta ƙaura zuwa Netherlands, inda nan take ta tuntuɓi ƙungiyar yaƙi da wariyar launin fata.  Daga nan Daane-van Rensburg ta shafe wani lokaci a New Zealand, inda ta shirya ƙungiyoyin yaƙi da wariyar launin fata kuma ta yi hulɗa da wasu firaministan ƙasar   musamman don yin aiki don soke ziyarar Springbok.  

### Komawa
Bayan kawo ƙarshen mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata, an ba ta izinin komawa Afirka ta Kudu a shekara ta 2004.   A ranar 27 ga watan Maris, 2009, ta karɓi odar Luthuli don "jajircewarta game da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata da kamfen ɗinta na 'yantar da Afirka ta Kudu a kan dandamali na duniya". 

## Manazarta
Tristan da Cunha

Rukuni ne mai nisa na tsibirai masu fitattun wuta a Kudancin Tekun Atlantika . Yana ɗaya daga cikin sassa uku na yankin Burtaniya na Saint Helena, Ascension da Tristan da Cunha, tare da kundin tsarin mulkinta.

Yankin ya kunshi tsibirin Tristan da Cunha, wanda ke da diamita na kusan kilomita 11 (6.8 da kuma yanki na kilomita 98 (38 sq ; wuraren ajiyar namun daji na Tsibirin Gough da tsibirin Inaccessible; da kuma karami, Tsibirin Nightingale marasa zama. Ya zuwa Oktoba 2018, babban tsibirin yana da mazauna dindindin 250, waɗanda duk suna ɗauke da 'yan ƙasa na Kasashen Waje na Burtaniya.  Sauran tsibirai ba su da mazauna, ban da ma'aikatan Afirka ta Kudu na tashar yanayi a tsibirin Gough.

## Tarihi
An fara rubuta tsibirin ne kamar yadda aka gani a cikin 1506 ta hanyar mai binciken Portuguese Tristão da Cunha, kodayake teku mai tsanani ya hana saukowa. Ya yi imanin cewa ba a zaune a cikinsu ba, kuma ya sanya sunan babban tsibirin bayan kansa, Ilha de Tristão da Cunha . Daga baya aka sanya shi daga farkon ambatonsa a kan sigogi na Admiralty na Burtaniya zuwa tsibirin Tristan da Cunha . Wasu kafofin sun bayyana cewa Portuguese sun fara sauka a shekara ta 1520, lokacin da Las Rafael, wanda Ruy Vaz Pereira ya jagoranci, ya kira a Tristan don ruwa.
## Manazarta
Ƙungiyar Matasa ta Hong Kong

kungiya ce mai zaman kanta a Hong Kong, wacce ta himmatu ga bunkasa ayyukan matasa. An kafa shi a cikin 1960, Tarayyar ta kasance tana da hannu wajen samar da ayyuka da kayan aiki don ci gaban jiki, zamantakewa, ilimi, al'adu na matasa na Hong Kong.

Za'a iya raba ayyukansu zuwa manyan yankuna 12. Kowace shekara, HKFYG tana ba da ayyukan sama da 10,000 waɗanda aka shirya ta fiye da rukunin sabis 60 tare da mahalarta miliyan 5 a kowace shekara. HKFYG ta kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a yakin neman yaki da miyagun ƙwayoyi a makarantun sakandare a Hong Kong. Sun yi 30,000 "Anti-drug in School Resources Packs" kuma sun rarraba su zuwa makarantun sakandare."Decoding Life" kuma sabon sabis ne na ba da shawara wanda HKFYG ta bayar. Yana taimaka wa matasa su guji tashin hankali na rukuni kuma yana koya musu ƙwarewar magance rikice-rikice.
## Manazarta
Surfing

Surfing wasa ne na ruwa wanda mutum, mai hawan igiyar ruwa (ko biyu a cikin hawan igiya), yana amfani da allon don hawa a kan sashi na gaba, ko fuska, na motsi na ruwa, wanda yawanci ke ɗaukar mai hawan ruwa zuwa bakin teku. Ana samun raƙuman ruwa da suka dace don hawan igiyar ruwa a bakin teku, amma kuma ana iya samun su a matsayin raƙuman raƙuman da ke tsaye a cikin teku, a cikin tabkuna, a cikin koguna a cikin nau'in ruwa, ko tafkunan raƙuman.

A lokacin hunturu a arewacin arewa, Arewacin Kogin Oahu, tsibirin na uku mafi girma na Hawaii, an san shi da samun wasu raƙuman ruwa mafi kyau a duniya. Masu hawan igiyar ruwa daga ko'ina cikin duniya suna taruwa zuwa hutu kamar Backdoor, Waimea Bay, da Pipeline. Koyaya, har yanzu akwai wuraren raƙuman ruwa da yawa a duniya: Teahupo'o, wanda ke bakin tekun Tahiti; California" id="mwTw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Mavericks, California">Mavericks, California, Amurka; Cloudbreak, Tavarua Island, Fiji; Superbank, Gold Coast, Australia.
## Manazarta
Jirgin Ruwa na Alfarma

Jirgin ruwa ne mai Motar wanda aka yi don jin daɗi, tafiya, ko tsere.  Babu ma'anar ma'ana, kodayake kalmar gabaɗaya ta shafi tasoshin da ke da ɗakin da aka nufa don amfani da dare ɗaya. Don a kira shi jirgin ruwa, ba kamar jirgin ruwa ba, irin wannan jirgin ruwa na jin daɗi na iya zama akalla ƙafa 33 (10 a tsawon kuma ana iya yin hukunci da shi yana da kyawawan halaye.
## Manazarta
Jirgin saman shugaban kasa na Rasha

Jirgin shugaban kasa na Rasha jirgin sama ne na rundunar shugaban kasa ta Rasha da Shugaban Rasha da sauran jami'an gwamnati suka yi amfani da su. Rundunar sojan kasa tana aiki ne daga Squadron Air na Musamman, ko kuma Special Air Detachment, wani ɓangare na Daraktan Shugaban Tarayyar Rasha. Babban jirgin saman shugaban kasa shine Ilyushin Il-96-300PU mai injin hudu, mai nisa, mai faɗi, Il-96 mai sauyawa sosai, tare da haruffa biyu na ƙarshe suna tsaye don "Command Point" a cikin Rasha. Jirgin saman shugaban kasa ya hada da Ilyushin Il-62, Tupolev Tu-154, da jirgin saman Sukhoi Superjet 100, da sauransu.

## Manazrta
FADAR PUTIN SHUGABAN KASAR RASHA

Wani gidan sarauta ne na Italiyanci wanda ke kan iyakar Tekun Baƙi kusa da Gelendzhik, Krasnodar Krai, Rasha .

Wannan hadaddun ya fara zuwa ga jama'a a shekara ta 2010 bayan mai ba da labari Sergei Kolesnikov ya buga wata wasika ga shugaban Rasha Dmitry Medvedev yana fallasa ginin fadar. Kolesnikov ya kuma bayyana cewa Nikolai Shamalov ne ke gudanar da aikin wanda ke aiki a madadin Vladimir Putin. Daga baya aka ruwaito cewa Alexander Ponomarenko yana da mallakar.
## Manzarta
KKASASHEN DA SUKA SAMU YANCI DAGA TSHOHUWAR TARAYYAR SOVIET

Jihohin da suka biyo bayan Soviet, wanda kuma ake kira tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet  ko tsoffin jamhuriyoyin Soviet, sune jihohin da suka fito / sake fitowa daga rushewar Tarayyar Soviétique a 1991. Kafin samun 'yancin kansu, sun kasance a matsayin Jamhuriyar Tarayya, waɗanda suka kasance manyan' yan majalisa na Tarayyar Soviet. Akwai jihohi 15 na bayan Soviet gabaɗaya: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Rasha, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, da Uzbekistan. Kowace daga cikin wadannan kasashe sun gaji Jamhuriyar Tarayyarsu: Armenian SSR, Azerbaijan SSR, Byelorussian SSR, Estonia SSR, Georgia SSR, Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Latvia SSR, Lithuanian SSR, Moldavian SSR, Rasha SFSR, Tajik SSR, Turkmen SSR, Ukraine SSR, da Uzbek SSR. A Rasha, ana amfani da kalmar "kusa da kasashen waje"  a wasu lokuta don komawa ga jihohin bayan Soviet ban da Rasha.
## MANAZARTA
Ƴan Afirka a Hong Kong

Lawrence01.JPG|Lawrence Chimezie Akandu
2013_Godfred_Karikari_HKG.jpg|Godfred Karikari
HK_SunHei_Jean-Jacques_Kilama.JPG|Jean-Jacques Kilama

**’Yan Afirka a Hong Kong** sun zama ƙaramin adadin mazauna Hong Kong .

## Yawan jama'a
Akwai jimillar 'yan Afirka 4,697 da ke zaune a Hong Kong a shekarar 2021 a cewar Cibiyar Afirka ta Hong Kong. 3,545 mazauna gari ne kuma 1,052 ba masu da'awar lalata ba ne. Rushewa tsakanin talakawa mazauna; 1,937 maza da 1,708 mata. Rushewa a tsakanin masu da'awar rashin sakewa; Maza 831 da mata 221   Jimillar al'ummar sun hada da bakin haure daga Kudancin Afirka, wadanda adadinsu ya kai kusan 200 mazauna kuma sun kunshi 'yan Afirka ne daga kasashen Turai . 

'Yan Afirka sun fara zama a Hong Kong a cikin 1990s, masu zuwa yawanci 'yan kasuwa ne da ke zuwa Hong Kong don yin kasuwanci, ko yin yarjejeniya da Mainland China ta hanyar dillali. Da yawa sun zauna, wanda ya haifar da yawancin mutanen Afirka a halin yanzu suna zama a Hong Kong.

Kimanin rabin 'yan Afirka a Hong Kong suna zaune a Yuen Long,  tare da wani taro a Chungking Mansions a gundumar Tsim Sha Tsui ta Kowloon . Wasu fitattun ‘yan Afirka a Hong Kong sun hada da Innocent Mutanga, wani ma’aikacin bankin saka hannun jari tare da Goldman Sachs wanda ya zo Hong Kong da HKD 200 kacal kuma ya yi aiki tukuru daga rashin matsuguni har ya zama daya daga cikin manyan masu fada a ji a Hong Kong kuma yana gudanar da cibiyar Afirka ta Hong Kong.   A tarihi, da yawa daga cikin 'yan Afirka a Hong Kong sun kasance 'yan kasuwa, masu mu'amala da wayoyin hannu da na'urorin lantarki don fitar da kasuwa a shagunan Chungking Mansions, amma wannan yana canzawa cikin sauri yayin da 'yan Afirka suka zabi Xiaobei na Guangzhou don wannan kasuwancin.  

Akwai korafe-korafe 492 na nuna musu wariyar launin fata daga 2015 zuwa 2020.

## Manazarta
Ford Model T

Ford Model T mota ce ta tarihi wadda kamfanin Ford Motor Company na ƙasar Amurka ya kera daga 1908 zuwa 1927. Ana ɗaukarta a matsayin mota ta farko da ta saukar da farashin motoci saboda hanyar samarwa ta layin hada-hada (assembly line), wanda ya sa mota ta zama mai sauƙin saye ga mutane da yawa. Ford Model T ta kasance sananne a duniya saboda ƙarfin gina ta da sauƙin amfani da ita.

## Tarihi

Henry Ford, wanda ya kafa kamfanin Ford, ya ƙirƙira Model T a shekara ta 1908. Ya so ya samar da mota mai sauƙin tuƙi kuma mai araha ga kowa. A lokacin, motoci suna da tsada sosai kuma mutane kaɗan ne kawai za su iya siyan su. Saboda hanyar samarwa ta layin hada-hada, farashin Model T ya ragu daga $825 a 1908 zuwa $260 a 1925. Wannan ya sa miliyoyin mutane suka sami damar mallakar mota.

An kera Model T har zuwa 1927, inda aka samar da motoci sama da miliyan 15. Saboda shahararta, an ji ta a ƙasashen duniya da yawa, amma ba a san amfani da ita sosai a yankunan Hausa a lokacin saboda ƙarancin hanyoyin mota da tsadar mai.
## Bayanan Fasahar Kirkira
Injiniya: Model T tana da injin mai silinda hudu (four-cylinder engine) mai ƙarfin 20 horsepower, wanda ke iya kaiwa saurin mil 45 a sa’a (72 km/h). An gina injin a cikin guda ɗaya (monobloc), wanda ya sa ya zama mai sauƙin kera.

Mai: Injin yana aiki da man fetur, amma kuma yana iya aiki da man kerosene ko ethanol, ko da yake man fetur ya fi yawa saboda araha.

Tsarin Tuƙi: Tana da tsarin tuƙi na planetary, wanda ake sarrafawa da ƙafafu maimakon lefa na hannu. Wannan ya sa tuƙi ya zama mai wuya ga masu koyo.

Launi: A farkon, ana samun ta da launuka daban-daban kamar ja, kore, da shuɗi, amma daga 1914 zuwa 1925, Ford ya ce “duk abokin ciniki zai iya samun mota da kowane launi da yake so, muddin baƙi ne,” saboda baƙin fenti yana bushewa da sauri kuma mai araha ne.

Birki: Model T ba ta da birki na zamani. An yi amfani da bandeji a cikin gear da kuma a wajen ƙafafun baya don tsayar da mota. 

## Hotuna

 

File:Ford Model T BW 2018-07-15 13-17-15.jpg|Ford_Model_T_BW_2018-07-15_13-17-15



## Nassoshi
Mangwaro

Mangoes gabaɗaya suna da ɗanɗano, kodayake dandano da ƙwayoyin nama sun bambanta a duk faɗin cultivars; wasu, kamar Alphonso, suna da taushi, mai ɗanɗano mai kama da fure da ya wuce gona da iri, yayin da wasu, kamar Tommy Atkins, sun fi ƙarfi tare da ƙwayoyi.

fatar mangoro mara tsufa, mai tsami, ko wanda aka dafa, amma yana da damar haifar da cututtukan cututtukani na leɓuna, gingiva, ko harshe a cikin mutane masu saukin kamuwa.
Fayil:Carabao_mangoes_(Philippines).jpg|The "hedgehog" style of preparation on Carabao mangoes
Fayil:Mango_inner.png|Alphonso mango chunks
Fayil:MANGO_SEASON_(562892060).jpg|Yankakken Ataulfo manmanwaro
Fayil:Glass_of_Mango_Juice.jpg|Kofin ruwan mangwaro
Fayil:Mango_Chutney.jpg|Mango chutney
Fayil:Green_mangoes_with_vinegar,_chili,_salt,_and_soy_sauce_(Philippines)_01.jpg|Sour unripe mangoes eaten with shrimp paste, salt, chili, vinegar or soy sauce in the Philippines
Fayil:Mangoes_sold_in_India.jpg|Many varieties of mango from India


## Manazarta
Gora Ebrahim

**Ahmed Gora Ebrahim** (29 Mayu 1936 - 25 Nuwamba 1999) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma tsohon mai fafutukar yaƙi da wariyar launin fata . Ya kasance sakataren harkokin wajen jam’iyyar Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) a lokacin mulkin wariyar launin fata kuma ya wakilci jam’iyyar a majalisar dokokin kasar daga 1994 zuwa 1999. Jim kadan bayan ya rasa kujerarsa ta ‘yan majalisa a watan Yunin 1999, kuma jim kadan kafin rasuwarsa a watan Nuwamban wannan shekarar, ya sauya sheka zuwa jam’iyyar African National Congress (ANC).

## Rayuwar farko da gwagwarmayar yaki da wariyar launin fata
An haifi Ibrahim a ranar 29 ga Mayu 1936 a Durban a tsohuwar lardin Natal .  Shi da kaninsa, Ebrahim Ismail, dukansu sun kasance suna siyasa a ƙuruciyarsu, a cikin yanayinsa a Trotskyite Circles a Jami'ar Natal da Jami'ar Witwatersrand .  Duk da haka, yayin da ɗan'uwansa ya shiga ANC,   ya shiga PAC a 1957 kuma ya tafi gudun hijira a 1963 bayan an dakatar da jam'iyyar. 

A cikin shekaru talatin masu zuwa, Ibrahim ya kasance fitaccen wakilin kungiyar ta PAC a kasashen waje, a lokuta daban-daban yana aiki a matsayin babban wakilinta a Masar, da Iraki, da Sin, da Zimbabwe, da kuma Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a New York . A cikin 1969, mai tushe a Dar es Salaam, Tanzaniya, an nada shi a matsayin sakataren harkokin waje na PAC.  Har ila yau, ya kasance memba na kwamitin Olympics na Afirka ta Kudu wanda ba na launin fata ba, kuma ya kasance shugaban riko a lokacin da aka tsare Dennis Brutus, kuma a cikin shekaru biyar da ya yi a Iraki, ya kasance editan  .  Ya koma Afirka ta Kudu a cikin 1990, bayan da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta haramta PAC, kuma yana cikin tawagar PAC a tattaunawar da ta kawo karshen mulkin wariyar launin fata . 

## Aikin siyasa bayan wariyar launin fata
A zabukan farko da aka yi a Afirka ta Kudu bayan mulkin wariyar launin fata a shekarar 1994, an zabi Ebrahim a matsayin wakilin PAC a majalisar dokokin kasar. Bayan wa'adi daya a majalisar, ya rasa kujerarsa a babban zaben 1999, inda PAC ta yi kasa a gwiwa. Bayan zaben dai rahotannin kafafen yada labarai sun nuna cewa Ebrahim na gab da ficewa daga jam'iyyar PAC zuwa jam'iyyar ANC, wadda bisa dukkan alamu ta ba shi mukamin diflomasiyya; sai ya koma ba da jimawa ba. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa
Ebrahim ya sadu da matarsa Xaviere, Bafaranshiya, a China, inda ta yi aikin fassara. Sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu, da namiji da mace, wadanda aka haifa a gudun hijira a Tanzaniya. 

Watanni bayan shiga ANC, Ibrahim ya mutu a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba 1999 a gidansa da ke Berea, Johannesburg bayan fama da bugun zuciya . 

## Magana
Michael Coetzee

**Michael Coetzee** (25 Agusta 1959 - 13 Yuni 2014) ɗan gwagwarmayar Afirka ta Kudu ne, shugaban ƙungiyar 'yan kasuwa kuma sakataren Majalisar Afirka ta Kudu.    

## Gwagwarmayar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata
Coetzee ya sami rinjaye daga Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru a lokacin da yake makarantar sakandaren Uitenhage da kuma yanayin siyasa na Jami'ar Western Cape a ƙarshen shekarun 1970s da farkon 1980s.

An ɗauki Coetzee a cikin shekarar 1981 da aka haramta wa Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta Afirka kuma ya shiga ƙarƙashin ƙasa. A shekara ta 1983 gwamnatin nuna wariyar launin fata ta kama shi saboda shigarsa cikin jam'iyyar ANC bayan da aka samu wasu takardu tare da bayanansa a wani samame da sojojin Afirka ta Kudu suka jagoranta zuwa Lesotho.

An kama shi ne a shekarar 1983 bayan da aka samu bayanan da ke alakanta shi da haramtacciyar kungiyar a wani samame da kungiyar SADF ta kai Lesotho, inda wasu daga cikin gine-ginen ƙarƙashin ktasa na ANC suka kasance. Daga nan ne aka tuhume shi da laifin yin rantsuwa kan kin bayar da shaida a kan wasu ‘yan jam’iyyar ANC kuma ya shafe shekara guda a gidan yarin Allandale.

Bayan gidan yari, Coetzee ya yi aiki da ƙungiyar masana'antu ta masana'antu masu sinadarai a Gabashin London inda ya taimaka wajen kafa babbar ƙungiyar kwadago ta Afirka ta Kudu COSATU. 

An ɗauki Coetzee a matsayin muhimmin mai shirya siyasa a cikin ANC da kuma yaki da t wariyar launin fata. 

## Aikin siyasa
Bayan zaɓen Dimokuraɗiyya na farko a Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1994 ya zama sakataren majalisar dokokin lardin Gauteng. Bayan shekaru takwas a cikin shekarar 2002 an naɗa shi mataimakin sakataren majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu kuma an kara masa girma zuwa sakatare a shekarar 2012. 

## Mutuwa
Coetzee ya mutu da ciwon daji a ranar 13 ga watan Yuni 2014.

## Manazarta
Sarah Carneson

**Sarah Carneson** (17 Yuni 1916 - 30 Oktoba 2015) 'yar Afirka ta Kudu ce mai shirya ma'aikata kuma mai fafutukar yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Sarah Rubin a cikin shekarar 1916, a Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu, 'yar Gabashin Turai Yahudawa baƙi Zelic Rubin (mai tela) da Anna Rubin. Iyayenta suna cikin waɗanda suka kafa Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci a Afirka ta Kudu, kuma ƙaramin Rubin ya shiga ƙungiyar gurguzu ta matasa tun yana matashi.

## Aiki
Sarah Rubin ta yi aiki a ofisoshin Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci a Johannesburg, a matsayin budurwa, kuma ta kasance memba na League da Fascism da War. Ta koyar da darussan karatu ga ma'aikata, kuma ta yi aiki a kantin sayar da littattafai na jam'iyyar, a Johannesburg. Daga shekarun 1936 zuwa 1940, ta kasance tare da ƙungiyar kwadago, tare da ma'aikatan taba da ma'aikatan sukari a Durban. A cikin shekarar 1945, ta zama babban sakatariya na Ƙungiyar Railways da Harbors ta Afirka ta Kudu, wacce ke Cape Town. 

An dakatar da Sarah da mijinta duka daga taron jama'a a ƙarƙashin dokar hana gurguzu ta shekarar 1950. Ci gaba da kasancewa tare da Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ya kai ga kama Fred Carneson da kuma shari'a a shekarar 1956. Sarah Carneson kuma an tsare ta, a cikin shekarar 1960, kuma an ba da izinin ci gaba da kasancewa a ƙarƙashin kulawa, a Cape Town. An ɗaure Fred a shekara ta 1965, kuma Sarah ta bar Afirka ta Kudu zuwa Ingila a shekarar 1968. A Ingila ta ci gaba da aiki da kungiyoyin kwadago, kuma a jaridar *Morning Star*. An sake haɗuwa da Carneson a cikin shekarar 1972, a gudun hijira a London. Ma'auratan sun koma Afirka ta Kudu a cikin shekarar 1991.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Sarah Rubin ta auri Fred Carneson a shekarar 1943, yayin da yake kan aiki a yakin duniya na biyu. Suna da yara uku: Lynn, John, da Ruth. Sarah ta yi takaba sa’ad da Fred Carneson ya mutu a shekara ta 2000.   Ta rasu a shekarar 2015 tana da shekaru 99 a Muizenberg, Cape Town.  An gudanar da wani "bikin tunawa da ƙasa" a birnin Cape Town, wanda ya samu halartar shugabannin jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Afirka ta Kudu, da na African National Congress, da Cosatu. 

'Yar su Lynn ta buga tarihin Carneson, *Red a cikin Bakan gizo: Rayuwa da Zamani na Fred da Sarah Carneson* (2011).  Akwai wani nuni mai alaƙa game da Carnesons, kuma mai suna *Red a cikin Bakan gizo*, a Gidan Tarihi na Slave Lodge a shekarar 2015.

## Manazarta
Renfrew Christie

**Renfrew Leslie Christie** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1949) malami ne ɗan ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu  kuma memba na ƙungiyar Anti-Apartheid wanda ke gudanar da ayyukanta na sirri na uMkhonto we Sizwe, reshen ƙungiyar 'yan majalissar dokokin Afirka ta ƙasa, ya ba da bayanan sirri da suka ba da damar fashewar 1982 na tashar makamashin nukiliya ta Koeberg. An kama Christie, an azabtar da shi, kuma aka yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 10 a gidan yari a ƙarƙashin dokar ta'addanci, 1967 saboda ba da bayanai kan shirin nukiliya na Afirka ta Kudu ga ANC.  Ayyukansa sun yi niyya ne don dakile gwamnatin nuna wariyar launin fata ta Afirka ta Kudu da makaman kare dangi, musamman makamin nukiliya na gwamnati na ɓoye. Ayyukansa sun jinkirta ci gaban shirin wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu da shekaru da yawa. 

An saki Christie a cikin shekarar 1986 bayan ya karɓi tayin PW Botha na 'yanci don musanya shi don ya janye tashin hankalin siyasa. 

Bayan faɗuwar mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata, Christie ya ci gaba da aikinsa na ilimi a Jami'ar Western Cape. Lokacin da BBC ta tambaye shi ko yana alfahari da yin leken asiri a jam'iyyar ANC a shekarar 2018, Christie ya ce, "Kwarai kuwa, ina aiki ne da sojojin Nelson Mandela, wato uMkhonto we Sizwe. Ina matukar alfahari da hakan, mun ci nasara, mun samu dimokuraɗiyya, mun samu daftarin doka, mun samu kotun tsarin mulki, ta yi aiki." 

## Littattafai
*
*

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Hirar Audio na Sashen Duniya na BBC: Shaida
* Tattaunawar Bidiyo don Afirka ta Kudu: Cire wariyar launin fata, Gina Dimokuradiyya
* Tattaunawar kan layi don Vice
Moss Chikane

**Moses Mabokela "Moss" Chikane** (1949 - 17 Oktoba 2018)  ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma mai fafutukar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata wanda ya wakilci jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC) a Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa.     An yanke masa hukunci a Kotun Delmas Treason Trial.   

## Manazarta
Bernard d'Anduze

Bernard d'Anduze bishop ne na Nîmes, Faransa daga 949 zuwa 986.

Abubuwan da ke ciki

1Background2Career3Duba kuma4References

## Fage
Ya kasance wani ɓangare na gidan Anduze, wanda ya mallaki babban gida na Lower Languedoc, wanda aka tabbatar tun farkon karni na goma.Bernard ɗan'uwan Peter I ne, na farko na Ubangijin Anduze.

Nîmes Cathedral

Sau da yawa escopates a Faransa a wannan lokacin ana daukar su a matsayin gado na wasu iyalai masu karfi kuma wannan shine abin da muke gani a cikin taron bishop na Nimes. Daga tsakiyar karni na goma, babban taron bishop na Nîmes ana sarrafa shi tare da kirga na Toulouse (masters County Nîmes) da Trencavel (Viscount na Albi). Har zuwa ƙarshen karni na sha ɗaya, wurin zama ya canza tsakanin membobin iyali Trencavel da dangin Anduze. A lokacin bishop na Nîmes ya kasance mutum mai iko sosai.

## Aiki
A cikin kasida ta Episcopal an naɗa Bernard Anduze bishop na biyu da biyu, yana zaune tsakanin Bégon [fr] da Frotaire [fr], ɗan Bernard the Viscount of Nimes.

A ranar 7 ga Yuli 971, ya gudanar da taro inda ya gudanar da shari'a tsakanin county Raymond II da Amelius, Bishop na Agde, wadanda ke rikici don mallakar cocin St. Martin da wasu kauyuka a cikin gundumar Agde. Bernard da sauran alƙalai sun yanke shawarar goyon bayan Amelius. A cikin 985, ya ƙara dukiyar cocinsa. Don haka, Archbishop na Arles ya ba shi filin zama a Saint-Etienne, a cikin gundumar Uzès, da Cocin St. Cézaire na Gauzignan. A ranar 16 ga Maris 985, ya ba da kirga Sigismund ƙaramin kiwo na Coci na Uwargidanmu, muddin canons sun dasa gonar inabin da Sigismund zai kasance a rayuwarsa sannan ya koma coci bayan mutuwar Sigismund..

A cikin wasiyyarsa, an ba da gudummawa ga majami'u goma sha takwas, ciki har da Uzès da Nîmes. Ɗansa, Raymond II, tare da mahaifiyarsa, Countess Berthe ya tabbatar da waɗannan kyaututtuka kuma ya ba Cocin Uwargidanmu, inda Bernard kujeru, wani yanki mai zaman kansa a cikin gundumar Nîmes a cikin yankin Aimargues da Teillan.

## Manazarta
CONAKAT

**Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Katanga** (Faransanci;Confédération des associations tribales du Katanga; **CONAKAT** ) na daya daga cikin manyan jam'iyyun siyasa a kasar Beljiyam Kongo kuma mai ra'ayin mazan jiya Moïse Tshombe da ministan cikin gida Godefroid Munongo ne suka jagoranta. Ta zama jam'iyya mai mulki ta jihar Katanga wacce ayyana 'yancin kai ya haifar da rikicin Kongo .

## Tarihi

### Samuwar
Tshombe, Munongo, Dominique Diur, da sauransu sun kafa *ƙungiyar Confedération des ƙungiyoyin kabilun du Katanga* a cikin Nuwamba 1958 a matsayin martani ga ci gaban yanayin siyasa na zamantakewa a lardin Katanga, Kongo Belgian . A lokacin, bakin haure daga wasu sassa na Kongo, musamman Lulua da Baluba na lardin Kasai, su ne kashi 38% na al'ummar Katanga. "Sahihancin Katangiza" suna kiran su da wulakanci da "baƙi". 

Shugaban CONAKAT na farko shi ne Munongo, wanda cikin gaggawa aka tilasta masa mika ragamar mulki ga Tshombe saboda aikinsa a aikin gwamnati.  CONAKAT ta yi takara a zaɓen ƙasa na 1960 akan shirin yanki (ciki har da buƙatar mulkin kai na Katanga da fifita haraji). Jam'iyyar ta lashe kujeru 8 ne kawai daga cikin kujerun majalisar dokokin Kongo 137 a shekarar 1960.

A ranar 11 ga Yuli, 1960, a karkashin makwanni biyu bayan 'yancin kai na Kongo, shugaban CONAKAT Tshombe ya ayyana 'yancin kai na Jihar Katanga da farkon rikicin Kongo .

### Jihar Katanga

CONAKAT ta zama babbar jam'iyya mai mulki a jihar Katanga yayin da take rike da kujeru 58 daga cikin kujeru 64 na majalisar dokokin kasar da kuma mafi yawan mukaman majalisar ministoci.

Jam'iyyar ta mulki Katanga har zuwa shekarar 1963 lokacin da aka tilasta mata mika wuya a gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da 'yan adawar Kongo.

### Bayan mika wuya
A shekara ta 1965 bayan sake shigar da Katanga cikin Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango Tshombe ya zama firaministan Kongo sannan Munongo ya zama ministan cikin gida. A babban zaben 1965 CONAKAT ta zo na biyu, inda ta samu kuri'u sama da dubu 178, kashi 7.2% na yawan kuri'un. Jam'iyyar ta samu kujeru 9 a majalisar dokokin kasar kuma tana kawance da kawancen CONACO na kasar baki daya karkashin jagorancin firaminista Tshombe. Kawancen ya samu kujeru 80 amma duk da wannan Évariste Kimba, wanda tsohon memba ne na CONAKAT amma a yanzu shugaban Kongo Democratic Front, an nada shi Firayim Minista.

Joseph Mobutu ya kwace mulki a wani juyin mulki a watan Nuwamba 1965 kuma zai mayar da kasar Kongo kasa mai jam’iyya daya a karkashin Popular Movement of the Revolution wadda ta rusa CONAKAT da karfi tare da kowace jam’iyyar siyasa.

## Ambato

*
Jerin wuraren da aka sake suna a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo

Wannan jerin sunayen wurare ne na garuruwa da garuruwa a Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango da aka canza daga baya bayan kawo karshen mulkin mallaka na Belgium . Sunaye na zamanin mulkin mallaka sun kasance suna da nau'i biyu, ɗaya a cikin Faransanci kuma ɗaya a cikin Yaren mutanen Holland, yana nuna manyan harsuna biyu na Belgium . Yawancin waɗannan sunaye an zaɓi su ne bayan bayanan ƙasa ko kuma manyan ƴan mulkin mallaka.

Yawancin canje-canjen suna sun faru a ƙarƙashin shirin ingantacce a cikin 1960s da 1970s lokacin mulkin kama-karya na Mobutu Sese Seko . A wasu lokuta, sunayen suna da ainihin amfani kafin mulkin mallaka ko kuma an riga an yi amfani da su ba bisa ka'ida ba a lokacin mulkin mallaka. Mobutu ya kuma canza sunan kasar daga Kongo zuwa Zaire . A yau, masu magana da turawa na Faransanci da Dutch suna amfani da sunayen wuraren Kongo na zamani.

## Alamar ƙasa da sharuddan yanki

## Alƙaluma

## Magana
Diese Kaminskis

Diese Kaminskis jerin talabijin ne na Jamus wanda ke yin tauraro Nick Hein a matsayin wani ɓangare na uku na ƴan'uwa uku da ba su cancanta ba waɗanda ke gudanar da wurin jana'izar.

Abubuwan da ke ciki

1Background2Storyline3Cast4Episode list5References6Hanyoyin waje

## Fage
Jigo na nunin fage ne na docu-soaps ta shirye-shiryen talabijin. An watsa shi azaman ɓangare na shirin talabijin na TVLab.

## Labari
'Yan'uwan rabin rabin Bernd, Michael da Marco Kaminski su ne cikakken slobs kuma ba za su iya bambanta ba. Bernd mai juyayi yana fama da neuroses, Michael yana jin kunya da butulci kuma Marco wawa ne mai sha'awar biki. Bugu da kari, budurwar Marco Sandy, wani tanned ba mai zurfi mai zurfi ba. Tare suka karɓi wani gidan jana'izar da aka yi a Cologne saboda rashin wasu ayyukan yi. Abin baƙin ciki, su ne cikakken 'yan koyo a cikin wannan kasuwanci da kuma samun daga daya bala'i zuwa na gaba, amma ba su rasa su yarda da kai da kuma m kerawa. Karkashin taken "Nuna mani wanda baya mutuwa!" suna kula da abokan cinikinsu fiye ko žasa da girmamawa

## Manazarta
John Halls

**John Halls** (an haife shi ranar 14 ga watan Fabrairu, 1982) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne kuma tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙwallon Ingila.

## Kwallon kafa
### Farawa
Halls ya fara aikinsa tare da Arsenal inda ya buga wasanni uku a gasar cin Kofin League na "Gunners" kafin ya kwashe lokaci a kan aro a Colchester United,kungiyar Belgian Beveren da Stoke City. Ya shiga Stoke na dindindin a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2003 kuma ya zama na yau da kullun a gefen. Yatafi karatu a watan Janairu bayan yaki amincewa da sabon kwangila tare da Stoke amma yayi ƙoƙari ya tilasta masa shiga cikin ƙungiyar Reading waɗanda ke kan hanyar samun ci gaba zuwa Premier League kuma duk da kwashe yanayi uku a Madjeski Stadium Halls ya gudanar da wasanni takwas kawai kuma ya kwashe lokaci a aro a Preston North End, Crystal Palace da kumaSheffield United. Daga nan sai ya buga wa ƙananan ƙungiyoyi Brentford,Aldershot Town da Wycombe Wanderers. Bayan barin Wycombe a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2012 Halls ya yanke shawarar yin ritaya kuma ya kafa kasuwancinsa na maza.

## Manazarta
Matt Bloomfield

**Matthew James Bloomfield** (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta alif 1984) shi

Wani samfurin makarantar Ipswich Town, Bloomfield zai shiga Wycombe akan canja wurin kyauta a shekara ta 2003, bayan ya buga wasanni biyu na gasar cin Kofin EFL a Ipswich. Ya shafe shekaru 19 tare da Wycombe, yana wasa a kulob din a League Two,League One da Championship,kuma yana cikin tawagar da ta kai wasan kusa da na karshe na Gasar cin kofin kwallon kafa ta shekarar 2006-07. A farkon kakar wasa ta karshe a shekarar 2021,an sanya masa suna a matsayin kocin tawagar farko, ban da rawar daya taka a matsayin dan wasa.

Bayan yayi ritaya a shekarar 2022, ya koma aikin cikakken lokaci, da farko tare da Colchester United a EFL League Two, kafin ya dawo don gudanar da Wycombe a shekarar 2023.

## Manazarta
Ganiou Soglo

**Ganiou Soglo** (an haife shi a watan Nuwamba 4, 1962) ɗan siyasan Benin ne na Jam'iyyar Benin Rebirth Party (RB) wanda ya yi aiki a gwamnati na wani lokaci a matsayin Ministan Al'adu, Karatu, da Inganta Harsuna na ƙasa. Shi ɗan tsohon shugaban ƙasar Nicéphore Soglo ne kuma ɗan'uwan Léhady Soglo.

An haifi Soglo, ɗan ƙaramin ɗan tsohon shugaban ƙasar Nicéphore Soglo da tsohuwar uwargidan shugaban ƙasar Rosine Vieyra Soglo, a birnin Paris. An zabe shi a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar RB a majalisar dokokin kasar Benin a zaben 'yan majalisa na watan Maris na 2003. Daga baya, ya kasance dan takara a zaben shugaban kasa na Maris 2006, yana takara duk da zabin Léhady Soglo a matsayin dan takararta. Ganiou ya lashe kusan kuri'u 5,000, wato kashi 0.17% na kuri'un da aka kada.

A cikin wasanni, Soglo ya jagoranci Sharks na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Atlantic na wani lokaci.

A cikin gwamnatin shugaba Yayi Boni da aka nada a ranar 17 ga watan Yuni, 2007, an nada Soglo a matsayin ministan matasa, wasanni da nishadi. Daga nan sai aka mayar da shi mukamin Ministan Al’adu, Karatu da Bunkasa Harsuna na Kasa a ranar 22 ga Oktoba, 2008.

A ranar Juma’a, 5 ga Fabrairu, 2021, an harbe Ganiou Soglo a kirji tare da raunata shi a wani harin kwantan bauna da aka kai kusa da garin Zinvié. Soglo fasinja ne a cikin wata mota da ta taso daga wata gona da ya mallaka a Abomey-Calavi lokacin da aka kai harin. Ya yi jinya a asibitin jami’ar Hubert Maga na kasa, kafin a kai shi kasar Faransa don jinya.

## Manazarta
Peter Imhona Onekpe

**Peter Imhona Onekpe** (an haife shi 15 gawatan Fabrairu 1949) shi ne Bishop na Anglican na Ika a lardin Bendel na Cocin Najeriya.

Onekpe shine bishop na farko lokacin da aka kirkiro Diocese na Ika a 2001. Ya yi ritaya a cikin 2018, kuma an zaɓi Godfrey Ifeanyi Ekpenisi a matsayin Bishop na biyu na Ika a cikin Satumba 2018..

An haifi Onekpe a ranar 15 ga Fabrairun 1949 a Etsako West, Jihar Edo. Ya halarci makarantar sakandaren zamani ta St. Peter’s Anglican, Jattu-Uzairue, daga 1961 zuwa 1963, sannan ya yi makarantar horas da malamai ta Akure, inda ya kammala a shekarar 1967. Ya sauke karatu a Kwalejin Ilimin Immanuel da ke Ibadan a shekarar 1974, kuma an nada shi a shekarar 1975

Onekpe shi ne Bishop na 4 na Benin, wanda aka tsarkake a cikin 1995, kuma aka fassara shi zuwa Esan Diocese a cikin Satumba 2000.

## Manazarta
Stephen Hadley

**Stephen John Hadley** (an haife shi a watan Fabrairu 13, 1947) lauyan Amurka ne kuma babban jami'in gwamnati wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan Tsaro na Amurka na 20 daga 2005 zuwa 2009. Ya yi aiki a karkashin Shugaba George W. Bush a lokacin wa'adi na biyu na gwamnatinsa. Hadley ya kasance mataimakin mai ba da shawara kan harkokin tsaro a lokacin wa'adin farko na Bush.

## Rayuwar farko da karatu
An haifi Hadley a Toledo, Ohio, ɗan Suzanne (née Bentley), mai gida, da Robert W. Hadley Jr., injiniyan lantarki.  Ya girma a Kudancin Euclid, Ohio, a cikin babban birnin Cleveland. Bayan karanta littafin Allen Drury novel Shawara da Yarda, tsarin mulki ya burge shi kuma aka zabe shi shugaban kungiyar dalibai na makarantar sakandare ta Charles F. Brush. Hadley ya kammala karatun digiri a matsayin valdictorian a cikin 1965.

Hadley ya sami B.A. digiri a gwamnati daga Jami'ar Cornell a 1969, inda ya kasance memba na Phi Kappa Psi fraternity, Cornell University Glee Club, da Quill da Dagger jama'a. Sannan ya sami digirin Juris Doctor (J.D.) daga Makarantar Yale Law a 1972 inda ya kasance Editan Bayanan kula da sharhi na Jaridar Yale Law. A makarantar shari'a, Hadley abokin Hillary Clinton ne.Ya ba da izini a matsayin Ensign a cikin Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka ta hanyar Yale Naval ROTC a cikin 1972.

## Manazarta
Kingdom 5KR

jirgin ruwa ne mai tsawon mita 85.65 (281 ft) wanda aka gina wa ɗan Saudiyya Adnan Khashoggi wanda yanzu mallakar mashahurin kasuwancin Saudiyya Al-Waleed bin Talal ne. 
## Bayani
An gina jirgin ruwa a cikin 1980 ta hanyar mai gina jirgin ruwa Benetti a farashin dala miliyan 100  (daidai da dala miliyan   a cikin  ).  Luigi Sturchio ne ya tsara ainihin ciki.

Da farko an gina shi a matsayin Nabila ga ɗan Saudiyya mai suna Adnan Khashoggi (mai suna ga 'yarsa). [1] A lokacin mallakar Khashoggi yana daya daga cikin manyan jiragen ruwa a duniya, amma tun daga watan Maris na 2023, bisa ga jerin manyan jiragen ruwa na Wikipedia, yana cikin matsayi na 106 kuma yana ci gaba da faduwa cikin matsayi, saboda yanayin manyan jiragen ruwa da ake ginawa.
## Manazarta
Dubai (yacht)

Dubai babban jirgin ruwa ne mai tsawon mita 162 (531 ft 6 in)  mallakar Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum,  mai mulkin Dubai na yanzu, wanda ke aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa, Firayim Minista, da Ministan Tsaro na Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa (UAE).
## Tarihi
An ba da umarnin Dubai a cikin 1995 a ƙarƙashin sunayen aikin daban-daban (Panhandle, Platinum, Golden Star) kuma an gina shi tare da hadin gwiwar kamfanin jirgin ruwa na Jamus Blohm + Voss da Lürssen

Da farko an gina jirgin ne ga Yarima Jefri Bolkiah na Brunei kafin 1996, amma abokin ciniki ya dakatar da kwangilar sayen a shekara mai zuwa.

## Manazarta
JIRGIN RUWA NA FASINJA DON SHKATAWA SHAKATWA

sune manyan Jiragen fasinja da ake amfani da su galibi don hutu. Ba kamar Jirgin ruwa na teku ba, waɗanda ake amfani da su don sufuri, jiragen ruwa na tafiya yawanci suna shiga tafiye-tafiye zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa daban-daban, inda fasinjoji zasu iya zuwa yawon shakatawa da aka sani da "tafiye-tafiya na bakin teku".

iragen ruwa na zamani suna da ƙarancin ƙarfin jiki, saurin, da saurin idan aka kwatanta da jiragen ruwa na teku. Koyaya, sun kara abubuwan more rayuwa don kula da Masu yawon bude ido na ruwa, tare da jiragen ruwa na baya-bayan nan da aka bayyana a matsayin "masu ɗakunan ruwa masu cike da balcon".

## Tarihi
Italiya, mai mayar da hankali ga al'ada na Grand Tour, ya ba da kwarewar jirgin ruwa na farko a kan Francesco I, yana tashi da tutar Masarautar Siciliya Biyu. An gina shi a 1831, Francesco I ya tashi daga Naples a farkon Yuni 1833, wanda ya riga ya wuce kamfen ɗin talla. Manyan mutane, hukumomi, da sarakuna na sarauta daga ko'ina cikin Turai sun shiga jirgin ruwa, wanda ya tashi a cikin watanni uku zuwa Taormina, Catania, Syracuse, Malta, Corfu, Patras, Delphi, Zante, Athens, Smyrna da Constantinople, suna ba da fasinjoji balaguro da jagora.
## Manazarta
Ntombazana Botha

**Ntombazana Gertrude Winifred Botha** (an haife shi 21 Yuli shekara ta 1943 kuma ya mutu a ranar 8 ga Nuwamba, 2025) 'yar siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ce wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Ministan Fasaha da Al'adu daga shekarun 2004 zuwa 2009 kuma kafin nan a matsayin Mataimakiyar Ministan Lardi da Ƙananan Hukumomi daga shekarun 2001 zuwa 2004. Ta wakilci jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC) a majalisar dokokin ƙasar  daga shekarar 1997 zuwa 2009, lokacin da ta yi ritaya daga harkokin siyasa na gaba. A cikin shekara ta 1980s, ta shiga cikin ƙungiyoyin al'umma a cikin gwagwarmayar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata kuma ta kasance sakatariyar kafa United Democratic Front a Gabashin London.

## Rayuwar farko da gwagwarmaya
An haifi Botha a ranar 21 ga watan Yuli shekara ta 1943.  Har zuwa shekara ta 1986, ta yi aikin lissafin kuɗi, lauya, da sauran ayyukan gudanarwa na kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. A lokacin, ta shiga ƙungiyar ma'aikatan haɗin gwiwa ta Afirka ta Kudu a shekara ta 1980 da Ƙungiyar Mata ta Ƙasa a shekara ta 1981.  A cikin shekara ta 1983, ta taka rawar gani wajen kafa tsarin jam'iyyar United Democratic Front (UDF) a yankin Gabashin London na lardin Cape.  Ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatariyar wannan reshe na UDF har zuwa shekara ta 1984 sannan ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'ajin UDF a yankin Border daga shekarun 1985 zuwa 1986. 

A cikin shekara ta 1986, Botha ta bar kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ta zama sakatariya mai shiryarwa na reshen ƙaramar hukumar Coci ta Afirka ta Kudu, inda ta yi aiki har zuwa shekara ta 1990. Lokacin da gwamnatin nuna wariyar launin fata ta haramtawa jam'iyyar ANC haramtacciyar ƙasar Isra'ila a shekara ta 1990, ta kasance sakatariyar kwamitin riƙon kwarya da aka ɗorawa alhakin kafa tsarin ANC a yankin Cape Border. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da lauyoyi don kare hakkin ɗan adam daga shekarun 1991 zuwa 1997, yayin da ta ci gaba da aiki a cikin ƙungiyoyin jama'a na gida.  

## Aikin gwamnati: 1997-2009
A watan Yulin shekara ta 1997, Botha aka rantsar da ita a kujerar ANC a majalisar farko bayan mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata, inda ya cika wani guraben aiki na yau da kullum.  A babban zaɓe na gaba a shekara ta 1999, an zaɓe ta a cikakken wa'adi a Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa , mai wakiltar mazaɓar Eastern Cape. Daga ranar 30 ga watan Mayu 2001 zuwa 28 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta 2004, ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Ministan Lardi da Ƙananan Hukumomi a gwamnatin Shugaba Thabo Mbeki.  A cikin wannan matsayi ta wakilci Sydney Mufamadi, kuma *Mail &amp;amp; Guardian* ta ce ta nuna "ƙwararrun mutane". 

Ta bar wannan ofishin ne bayan babban zaɓen shekara ta 2004, inda aka sake zaɓen ta a kujerarta ta majalisar dokoki, har yanzu tana aiki a Gabashin Cape. Lokacin da ya naɗa majalisar ministocinsa a karo na biyu bayan zaɓen, Mbeki ya naɗa ta a matsayin mataimakiyar ministar fasaha da al'adu, ƙarƙashin minista Pallo Jordan.  Ta yi aiki a waccan kundin har zuwa babban zaɓen 2009, wanda ba ta nemi sake tsayawa takara a Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa ba.

## Manazarta