Masallacin Jama, Agra

**Masallacin Jama** masallaci ne  na ƙarni na 17 wanda ke tsakiyar tarihi na Agra, Uttar Pradesh . Jahanara Begum, babbar 'yar Sarkin Mughal Shah Jahan, ce ta gina shi a lokacin mulkin sarkin Mughal. Shi ne babban masallaci a birnin Agra, kuma yana kusa da sansanin Agra. 

## Tarihi

A cewar rahotannin da ke cikin tarihin kotun, *Shahjahannama*, Masallacin Jama ya samo asali ne daga umarnin da sarki Shah Jahan ya bayar a shekarar 1637. Shah Jahan ya ba da umarnin a gina sabon masallaci a Agra, wanda ke kusa da wani sabon *wuri* a gaban ƙofar Delhi ta Agra Fort *.* Babbar 'yar Shah Jahan, gimbiya Jahanara Begum, ta nemi izini daga sarki don ya ba da lada ga sabon masallacin da kansa, wanda aka amince da shi *.* Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan sake ginawa da dama a lokacin a Mughal Agra, kuma ya wakilci sabon yunƙurin gina masallacin jama'a na birnin; an fara gina ɗaya a baya ta kogin Yamuna, amma an katse wannan kuma an yi watsi da shi lokacin da aka karkatar da hankali zuwa kammala Taj Mahal . Ebba Koch ya nuna dalilai biyu da suka sa aka canza wurin zuwa yankin da ke kewaye da sansanin; ko dai an ɗauki yankin da ke gefen kogin a matsayin wurin zama fiye da addini, ko kuma ana jin tsoron sabon masallacin ya mamaye ginin masallacin Taj Mahal. Wayne Begley ya bayar da dalilin da ya sa tsohon wurin ya yi nisa da birnin. 

Wurin ginin yana kan fili mallakar masarautar ne, kodayake wasu daga cikinsu dole ne a sayi su daga masu shi masu zaman kansu. An rushe gidaje da dama don faɗaɗa titunan da ke kaiwa ga masallacin. An fara gina masallacin a shekarar 1643; wata ƙwararriya Catherine Asher ta danganta jinkirin da sayen fili. An kammala masallacin a shekarar 1648, wanda ya kai kimanin rupees dubu biyar.    Sabon *chowk* ɗin da aka gina ya mamaye yankin da ke tsakanin masallacin da sansanin Agra, kuma an san shi da Tripolia.

Babban ƙofar masallacin, da kuma wani shinge da ke gefen gabashin masallacin, an lalata shi a kusa da Mummunan Tawayen Indiya a shekarar 1857 ta hannun rundunar sojojin Birtaniya da ke mamaye sansanin Agra. Manufar ita ce samar da layin wuta mafi haske ga masu harbin sansanin. An kuma haƙa masallacin da bawon bindiga, wanda aka yi masa ƙera don ya fashe, saboda barazanar tsaro ce saboda kusancinsa da sansanin. A shekarar 1875, ba a sake samun *garin* Tripolia ba; an lalata shi don samar da hanyar zuwa tashar jirgin ƙasa kusa da sansanin. 

## Gine-gine
Masallacin Jama na Agra misali ne na farko na masallatan birni na daular da aka gina a zamanin mulkin Shah Jahan.  An gina shi ne da dutse ja, tare da amfani da farin marmara a lokaci-lokaci. Masallacin ya mamaye fadin murabba'in mita 1200, kuma an ɗaga shi sama da matakin ƙasa ta hanyar wani dandamali mai tsayi. Kayan ado a kan ginin masallacin ya ƙunshi sassaka da ginshiƙai, waɗanda aka yi da dutse mai yashi tare da zane-zanen marmara.   Tsarin masallacin da tsayinsa sun yi kama da na Masallacin Wazir Khan, wani masallacin Mughal na Shah Jahan, wanda aka gina shekaru goma da suka gabata a Lahore.

Ɗakin addu'a na Masallacin Jama yana ɗauke da hanyoyin shiga guda biyar, inda aka sanya tsakiyarsa a cikin babban *pishtaq .* *Pishtaq* yana ɗauke da rubuce-rubucen Farisa (wanda galibi yabon mulkin Shah Jahan), waɗanda aka yi su a matsayin baƙaƙen haruffa da aka yi da farin marmara, kamar Taj Mahal. Ɗakin addu'a yana ɗauke da kumbo uku masu bulbous, waɗanda aka yi wa ado da tsarin duwatsu ja da fari na herringbone (zigzag). An rufe kumbon da furannin lotus.  Ɗakin addu'a yana ɗauke da *[[Mimbari|minbar]]* (bangare), wanda aka saba amfani da shi a masallatan jam'i, amma *minbar* ta musamman ce domin tana ɗauke da zane na fuskar gabas ta masallacin. 

*Filin* masallacin yana da shinge a ɓangarorin biyu. Waɗannan ɓangarorin suna da ƙofofi masu ci gaba, waɗanda ke ɗauke da ƙofofi na axial. A tsakiyar farfajiyar akwai wurin wanka, wanda aka yi shi don yin wanka na al'ada .  

## A cikin Adabi
An zana wannan masallacin daga wani zane na William Purser a cikin Littafin Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832 tare da zane mai ban dariya na Letitia Elizabeth Landon . 

## Manazarta