Yanayin Bangladesh

Bangladesh ƙasa ce mai yawan jama'a, ƙasa-ƙasa, galibi ƙasar kogi da ke Kudancin Asiya tare da bakin teku mai nisan kilomita 580 (360 mi) a arewacin gabar tekun Bengal.  Filin delta na Ganges (Padma), Brahmaputra (Jamuna), da Meghna Rivers da magudanan su sun mamaye kashi 79 na ƙasar.  Wuraren da aka ɗagawa huɗu (ciki har da Madhupur da Barind Tracts a tsakiya da arewa maso yamma) sun mamaye kashi 9 cikin ɗari kuma tudu mai tsayi har zuwa kusan mita 1,000 (3,300 ft) mai tsayi ya mamaye kashi 12 a kudu maso gabas (Tunaunin Chittagong) da kuma a arewa maso gabas.  Maƙerin Ƙwayoyin Ruwa na Ciwon daji, Bangladesh tana da yanayin damina mai zafi wanda ke da yawan ruwan sama na yanayi, yanayin zafi, da zafi mai yawa.  Bala'o'i irin su ambaliya da guguwa tare da tashe-tashen hankula na shafar kasar lokaci-lokaci.  Mafi akasarin kasar ana noma sosai, inda ake noma shinkafar da ake nomawa a cikin yanayi uku.  Ana samun saurin bunƙasa birane tare da haɓaka masana'antu da kasuwanci.  Fitar da tufafi da shrimp da kuma kudaden da ake aikawa daga 'yan Bangladesh da ke aiki a kasashen waje sun samar da manyan hanyoyin samun kudin shiga na kasashen waje guda uku a kasar.



## Yanayin jiki

yanayin jiki na Bangladesh ya bambanta kuma yana da yanki wanda ke da siffofi biyu na musamman: fili mai faɗi wanda ke fuskantar ambaliyar ruwa akai-akai, da kuma karamin yankin tuddai wanda koguna masu saurin gudana suka haye. Kasar tana da yanki na  kilomita 147,570 (56,980 sq  (bisa ga BBS 2020)  ko 'i kilomita 148,460 (57,320 sq   kuma ya shimfiɗa kilomita 820 (510  daga arewa zuwa kudu da kilomita 600 (370  daga gabas zuwa yamma. Bangladesh tana da iyaka a yamma, arewa, da gabas da iyakar ƙasa mai nisan kilomita 4,095 (2,545  tare da Indiya kuma, a kudu maso gabas, da gajeren ƙasa da iyakar ruwa mai nisan kilometres 193 (120  tare le Myanmar. A kudu akwai bakin tekun Deltaic mai yawa na kimanin kilomita 580 (360 , koguna da rafi da yawa da ke gudana cikin Bay of Bengal. Ruwa na yankin Bangladesh ya kai kilomita 12 (22 , kuma yankin tattalin arziki na musamman na kasar shine kilomita 200 (370 .

Kusan kashi 80 cikin 100 na ƙasar ya ƙunshi ƙasa mai ƙanƙara mai albarka da ake kira Filin Bangladesh.  Filin wani yanki ne na babban filin Bengal, wanda wani lokaci ana kiransa Babban Gangetic Plain.  Ko da yake, tsayin da ya kai mita 105 (344 ft) sama da matakin teku yana faruwa a yankin arewacin fili, yawancin tsaunukan ba su kai mita 10 (33 ft) sama da matakin teku ba;  tsaunuka suna raguwa a kudu da bakin teku, inda gabaɗaya ƙasa ke a matakin teku.  Tare da irin wannan ƙananan tsaunuka da koguna masu yawa, ruwa-da ambaliya tare da juna-shine babban fasalin jiki.  Kimanin murabba'in kilomita 10,000 (3,900 sq mi) na ɗaukacin yankin Bangladesh yana cike da ruwa, kuma manyan yankuna na yawan ambaliya a lokacin damina.

Abinda kawai ya rage ga ƙananan tsaunuka na Bangladesh shine Chittagong Hills a kudu maso gabas, Low Hills na Sylhet a arewa maso gabas. Dutsen Chittagong shine kawai mahimmin tsarin tsaunuka a cikin ƙasar kuma, a zahiri, su ne iyakar yammacin tsaunukan arewa maso kudu na Myanmar da gabashin Indiya. Dutsen Chittagong ya tashi sosai zuwa ƙananan tuddai, gabaɗaya ba su da faɗi fiye da mita 36 (118 , tare da tsawo daga mita 600 zuwa 900 (2,000 zuwa 3,000  sama da matakin teku. Dutsen Saka Haphong shine mafi girman tudu a Bangladesh tare da tsawo na mita 1,052 (3,451 , wanda ke cikin yankin kudu maso gabashin tsaunuka. Kwarin da ke da amfani suna tsakanin layin tsaunuka, wanda yawanci ke gudana daga arewa zuwa kudu. Yammacin tsaunukan Chittagong fili ne mai faɗi, wanda koguna suka yanke zuwa Bay of Bengal, wanda ya tashi zuwa jerin ƙananan tuddai na bakin teku, galibi ƙasa da mita 200 (660 , wanda ya kai matsakaicin tsawo.

A cikin gandun daji na Bangladesh yana da kusan 14% na jimlar yankin ƙasa, daidai da hekta 1,883,400 (ha) na gandun daji a cikin 2020, ƙasa daga hekta 1,920,330 (ha) a cikin 1990. A cikin 2020, gandun daji mai sabuntawa ya rufe hekta 1,725,330 (ha) kuma gandun daji da aka dasa ya rufe hekita 158,070 (ha). Daga cikin gandun daji mai sabuntawa na halitta an ruwaito 0% a matsayin gandun daji na farko (wanda ya ƙunshi nau'ikan bishiyoyi na asali ba tare da alamun bayyanar ayyukan ɗan adam ba) kuma kusan kashi 33% na yankin gandun daji an samo shi a cikin wuraren da aka kiyaye. A shekara ta 2015, an ruwaito cewa 100% na yankin gandun daji yana ƙarƙashin mallakar jama'a.

Kasar tana samar da katako mai inganci, bamboo, da kuma sukari. Bamboo yana girma a kusan dukkanin yankuna, amma katako mai inganci yana girma mafi yawa a cikin kwarin tsaunuka. An fara dasa roba a yankunan tsaunuka na kasar a cikin shekarun 1980, kuma an fara fitar da roba a ƙarshen shekaru goma. Ana samun dabbobi iri-iri na daji a cikin gandun daji, kamar a cikin Sundarbans a kudu maso yammacin gabar teku, wanda shine gidan Royal Bengal tiger. Ƙasa mai laushi a cikin Filayen Bangladesh gabaɗaya suna da kyau kuma suna wadata da manyan ajiyar yashi da aka ɗauka a lokacin ruwan sama.

## Yanayin ɗan adam
Birane suna ci gaba da sauri, kuma an kiyasta cewa kashi 30% ne kawai na yawan mutanen da suka shiga aikin gona a nan gaba za su shiga aikin gona, kodayake mutane da yawa za su iya samun wasu nau'ikan aiki a yankunan karkara. Yankunan da ke kusa da Dhaka da Comilla sune mafi yawan jama'a. Sundarbans, wani yanki na gandun daji na bakin teku a kudu maso yamma da kuma gidan daji na karshe na Bengal tiger, da Chittagong Hill Tracts a kan iyakar kudu maso gabashin Myanmar da Indiya, sune mafi ƙarancin jama'a.

## Yanayi
An raba Bangladesh tsakanin yanayin damina da ke fama da damina a cikin rabin arewa (arewacin Dhaka), da yanayin damina mai zafi a rabin kudanci wanda ke da bambancin yanayi na yanayi na ruwan sama, yanayin zafi, da zafi mai yawa.  Bambance-bambancen yanayi na yanki a wannan ƙasa mai faɗi kaɗan ne, ko da yake ana iya ganin wasu bambance-bambance tsakanin yanayin yanayin yankunan arewaci da kudanci, saboda filayen da suke na farko suna da yanayi mai ɗanɗano.  A cewar Sashen nazarin yanayi na Bangladesh, akwai yanayi guda shida a Bangladesh dangane da yanayin zafi, ruwan sama da alkiblar iska: sanyi mai sanyi da sanyi daga Disamba zuwa Fabrairu, lokacin zafi da na rana ko lokacin damina daga Maris zuwa Mayu, ɗan sanyi da lokacin damina mai ɗanɗano daga Yuni zuwa Satumba kuma mai daɗi, gajarta da sanyi kaka ko lokacin damina a watan Oktoba [11] Nuwamba.  Gabaɗaya, matsakaicin yanayin zafi na bazara yana kewayo tsakanin 38 da 41 °C (100.4 da 105.8 °F).  Afrilu shine watan mafi zafi a yawancin sassan kasar.  Janairu shine watan mafi sanyi, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki ga yawancin ƙasar shine 16-20 °C (61–68 °F) a rana da kusan 10 °C (50 °F) da dare.

Iska galibi tana daga arewa da arewa maso yamma a cikin hunturu, tana hurawa a hankali a 1 zuwa 3 kilomita a kowace awa (0.6 zuwa 1.9  a yankunan arewa da tsakiya da 3 zuwa 6 kilomita a kowace sa'a (1.9 zuwa 3.7  kusa da bakin teku. Daga Maris zuwa Mayu, tsawa mai ƙarfi, wanda masu magana da Ingilishi na yankin suka kira arewa maso yamma, suna haifar da iskõki har zuwa kilomita 60 a kowace awa (37.3 . A lokacin guguwa mai tsanani na farkon lokacin rani da ƙarshen lokacin damina, iskar kudu ta sama da kilomita 160 a kowace awa (99.4  tana haifar da raƙuman ruwa zuwa mita 6 (19.7  a cikin Bay of Bengal, wanda ke kawo ambaliyar ruwa mai bala'i zuwa yankunan bakin teku.

Ruwan sama mai yawa alama ce ta Bangladesh, tana haifar da ambaliyar ruwa a kowace shekara. Sai dai ga yankin yammacin Rajshahi, inda ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya kai kimanin   in), yawancin sassan kasar suna karɓar akalla   in) na ruwan sama a kowace shekara. Saboda wurin da yake a kudancin tuddai na Himalayas, inda iskar ruwan sama ke juyawa yamma da arewa maso yamma, yankin Sylhet a arewa maso gabashin Bangladesh yana samun mafi girman matsakaicin ruwan sama. Daga 1977 zuwa 1986, ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a wannan yankin ya kasance tsakanin 3,280 da 4,780  in) a kowace shekara. Matsakaicin zafi na yau da kullun ya kasance daga Maris ƙasa na tsakanin 55 da 81% zuwa Yuli mafi girma na tsakanin 94 da 100%, bisa ga karatun da aka ɗauka a tashoshin da aka zaɓa a duk ƙasar a 1986.

Kimanin kashi 80% na ruwan sama na Bangladesh yana faɗuwa a lokacin ruwan sama. Monsoons ya samo asali ne daga bambance-bambance tsakanin ƙananan da manyan wuraren matsin iska waɗanda ke haifar da bambancin dumama ƙasa da ruwa. A lokacin watanni masu zafi na Afrilu da Mayu, iska mai zafi tana tashi a kan yankin Indiya, yana haifar da yankuna masu matsin lamba waɗanda ke da sanyi, iska mai ɗauke da danshi daga Tekun Indiya. Wannan shi ne ruwan sama na kudu maso yamma, wanda ke farawa a watan Yuni kuma yawanci yana ci gaba har zuwa Satumba. Rarraba da ƙasar Indiya, ruwan sama yana gudana a cikin rassa biyu, ɗaya daga cikinsu ya kai ga yammacin Indiya. Sauran yana tafiya zuwa Bay of Bengal da gabashin Indiya da Bangladesh, yana haye filayen zuwa arewa da arewa maso gabas kafin a juya shi zuwa yamma da arewa maso yamma ta tuddai na Himalayas.

Bala'o'i na halitta, kamar ambaliyar ruwa, guguwa ta wurare masu zafi, guguwar ruwa, da raƙuman ruwa - raƙuman raƙuman ruwan da ambaliyar ta haifar da ambaliwar ruwa da ke gudana a bakin teku - suna lalata ƙasar, musamman belin bakin teku, kusan kowace shekara. Tsakanin 1947 da 1988, guguwa 13 masu tsanani sun mamaye Bangladesh, wanda ya haifar da asarar rayuka da dukiya. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 1985, alal misali, wata guguwa mai tsanani da ke dauke da kilomita 154 a kowace awa (95.7  iska da raƙuman ruwa masu tsayi mita 4 (13.1  sun mamaye kudu maso gabashin Bangladesh, sun kashe mutane sama da 11,000, sun lalata gidaje sama da 94,000, sun kashe wasu dabbobi 135,000, kuma sun lalata kusan kilomita 400 (248.5  na wuraren da ake bukata.

Ruwan ruwa na shekara-shekara yana haifar da asarar rayuwar mutum, lalacewar dukiya da tsarin sadarwa, da kuma karancin ruwan sha, wanda ke haifar da yaduwar cutar. Misali, a cikin 1988, kashi biyu bisa uku na gundumomi 64 na Bangladesh sun sami mummunar lalacewar ambaliyar ruwa a yayin ruwan sama mai yawa wanda ya mamaye tsarin kogi. Miliyoyin sun bar marasa gida kuma ba tare da ruwan sha ba. Rabin Dhaka, gami da titin jirgin sama a Filin jirgin saman Shahjalal - wani muhimmin wurin wucewa don kayan agaji na bala'i - ya cika da ambaliyar ruwa. Kimanin tan 2,000,000 (2,204,623 gajeren tan; 1,968,413 tsawo ton) na amfanin gona an ruwaito sun lalace, kuma an sanya aikin agaji ya fi ƙalubale fiye da yadda aka saba saboda ambaliyar ta sanya sufuri da wuya sosai. Wani Guguwa a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1989 ya kashe mutane sama da 600, watakila da yawa.

Babu kariya game da guguwa da raƙuman ruwa sai dai bayar da gargadi da kuma samar da gine-ginen jama'a masu aminci inda mutane zasu iya samun mafaka. Ba a kafa isasshen ababen more rayuwa da wuraren sufuri na iska da za su sauƙaƙa wahalar mutanen da abin ya shafa ba a ƙarshen shekarun 1980. Kokarin da gwamnati ta yi a karkashin Shirin Shekaru biyar na Uku (1985-90) an tura su zuwa ga daidaitattun damar hasashen lokaci ta hanyar ilimin kimiyyar ƙasa, ilimin yanayi na ruwa, ilimin teku, ilimin ruwa, da ilimin girgizar ƙasa. Ana sa ran za a bunkasa ayyukan ƙwararru, kayan aiki, da wuraren horo a ƙarƙashin Shirin Ci gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.

Yanayin sanyi ba sabon abu ba ne a Bangladesh. Lokacin da yanayin zafi ya ragu zuwa  ° C (46 ° F) ko ƙasa da haka, mutanen da ba su da tufafi masu dumi kuma suna zaune a gidaje marasa isasshen zasu iya mutuwa daga sanyi.

## Tsarin kogin

Koguna na Bangladesh suna nuna yanayin al'umma da rayuwar mutane. Kimanin 700 a cikin adadi, waɗannan koguna galibi suna gudana a kudu. Koguna masu girma suna aiki a matsayin babban tushen ruwa don noma kuma a matsayin manyan jijiyoyin sufuri na kasuwanci. Koguna kuma suna samar da kifi, muhimmiyar tushen furotin. Ambaliyar koguna a lokacin damina yana haifar da babbar wahala kuma yana hana ci gaba, amma sabbin ajiyar wadataccen laka suna cika ƙasa mai kyau amma mai aiki sosai. Koguna kuma suna zubar da ruwan sama mai yawa a cikin Bay of Bengal. Don haka, babban tsarin kogi a lokaci guda shine babban albarkatun kasar kuma mafi girman haɗarinsa.

Za'a iya raba yawan koguna zuwa manyan hanyoyin sadarwa guda biyar. Jamuna-Brahmaputra yana da tsawon kilomita 292 (181  kuma ya shimfiɗa daga arewacin Bangladesh zuwa haɗuwa da Padma. Ya samo asali ne a matsayin Tibet)" id="mwARg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Yarlung Tsangpo River (Tibet)">Kogin Yarlung Tsangpo a yankin Xizang mai cin gashin kansa (Tibet) na kasar Sin kuma yana gudana ta jihar Arunachal Pradesh ta Indiya, inda ya zama sananne da Brahmaputra ("Ɗan Brahma"), yana karɓar ruwa daga manyan magudanan ruwa guda biyar waɗanda suka kai kimanin kilomita 740 (460  a tsawon. A wannan batu, inda Brahmaputra ya haɗu da Kogin Tista a Bangladesh, an san shi da Jamuna . Jamuna sananne ne saboda sauyawa subchannels da kuma samar da filayen filayen filaye masu kyau (karusai). Babu wani yanki na dindindin da zai iya kasancewa a bakin kogin.

Tsarin na biyu shine Padma-Ganges, wanda aka raba zuwa sassan biyu: sashi mai nisan kilomita 258, Ganges, wanda ya shimfiɗa daga iyakar yamma da Indiya zuwa haɗuwa da Jamuna kimanin kilomita 72 (45  yammacin Dhaka, da kuma sashi mai tsawon kilomita 126 (78 , Padma, wanda ke gudana daga haɗuwar Ganges-Jamuna zuwa inda ya haɗu da Kogin Meghna a Chandpur. Padma-Ganges shine tsakiyar ɓangaren kogin deltaic tare da daruruwan koguna da rafi - wasu kilomita 2,100 (1,300  a tsawon - suna gudana gabaɗaya gabas ko yamma zuwa Padma.

Cibiyar sadarwa ta uku ita ce Tsarin Kogin Surma-Meghna, wanda ke gudana daga iyakar arewa maso gabashin Indiya zuwa Chandpur, inda ya shiga Padma. Surma-Meghna, a kilomita 669 (416  da kansa kogi mafi tsawo a Bangladesh, an kafa shi ne ta hanyar haɗin ƙananan koguna shida. A ƙasa da birnin Kalipur an san shi da Meghna . Lokacin da Padma da Meghna suka haɗu, sun samar da tsarin kogi na huɗu - Padma-Meghna - wanda ke gudana kilomita 145 (90  zuwa Bay of Bengal.

Wannan babbar hanyar sadarwa ta tsarin koguna huɗu da ke gudana ta cikin Filayen Bangladesh tana zubar da yanki na kimanin  kilomita miliyan  (580,000 sq . Tashoshin Padma-Meghna da yawa, masu rarrabawa, da ƙananan koguna masu layi daya da ke gudana cikin Bay of Bengal ana kiransu Bakin Ganges. Kamar Jamuna, Padma-Meghna da sauran koguna a Bay of Bengal kuma an san su da karusai da yawa.

Tsarin kogi na biyar, wanda ba a haɗa shi da sauran hudu ba, shine Karnaphuli . Yana gudana ta yankin Chittagong da Dutsen Chittagong, yana yankewa a fadin tuddai kuma yana gudana cikin sauri zuwa yamma da kudu maso yamma sannan zuwa teku. Feni, Karnaphuli, Sangu, da Matamuhari - jimillar kimanin kilomita 420 (260  - sune manyan koguna a yankin. Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Chittagong tana kan bankunan Karnaphuli . Rashin Karnaphuli da Dam din Karnaphuli suna cikin wannan yanki. Dam din yana riƙe da ruwan Kogin Karnaphuli a cikin tafkin don samar da wutar lantarki.

Kogin Ganga-Brahmaputra yana ba da gudummawa kusan tan miliyan 1000 / shekara na laka. Ruwan da aka ba da gudummawa daga waɗannan koguna biyu ya zama Bengal Delta da Submarine fan, babban tsari wanda ya kai daga Bangladesh zuwa kudancin Equator wanda ya kai kilomita 16.5 mai kauri, kuma ya ƙunshi aƙalla tan tiriliyan 1130 na turɓaya da ke tarawa a cikin shekaru miliyan 17 da suka gabata a matsakaicin adadin tan miliyan 665 / shekara. Bayar Bengal ta kasance mai zurfi fiye da Mariana Trench, mafi zurfin teku na yanzu.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

A lokacin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara, koguna na Bangladesh suna gudana a kusan 140,000  mita a kowace dakika (4,900,000  ft / s), amma a lokacin bushewa suna raguwa zuwa 7,000 cubic mita da kowace dakika (250,000 cu ft / S). Saboda ruwa yana da mahimmanci ga aikin gona, fiye da 60% na ƙasar noma, wasu  kilomita 91,000 (35,000 sq , ana noma su a lokacin ruwan sama duk da yiwuwar ambaliyar ruwa mai tsanani, kuma kusan 40% na ƙasar ana noma su ne a lokacin watanni na hunturu. Ci gaban albarkatun ruwa ya amsa ga wannan "tsarin ruwa biyu" ta hanyar samar da kariya daga ambaliyar ruwa, magudanar ruwa don hana ambaliyar ambaliyar da ruwa, da wuraren ban ruwa don fadada noma na hunturu. Gwamnatin ƙasa ta haɓaka manyan ayyukan kula da ruwa don samar da ban ruwa, kula da ambaliyar ruwa, wuraren zubar da ruwa, taimako ga kewaya kogin da gine-ginen hanya, da wutar lantarki. Bugu da kari, ana amfani da dubban rijiyoyin bututu da famfo na lantarki don ban ruwa na gida. Duk da matsanancin ƙuntatawa na albarkatun, Gwamnatin Bangladesh ta sanya shi manufa don ƙoƙarin kawo ƙarin yankuna a ƙarƙashin ban ruwa ba tare da shigar da gishiri ba.

Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa, gami da ban ruwa mai nauyi, kula da ambaliyar ruwa, da kuma zubar da ruwa, sun kasance alhakin Hukumar Raya Ruwa ta Bangladesh. Sauran cibiyoyin gwamnati, kamar su Bankin Bangladesh Krishi, Hukumar Raya Karkara ta Bangladesh, Bankin Bangladesh, da Kamfanin Raya Aikin Gona na Bangladesh suma suna da alhakin ingantawa da ci gaban kananan ayyukan ban ruwa a cikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ta hanyar hanyoyin bashi na gwamnati.

## Tsarin bakin teku

Yankunan bakin teku na Bangladesh suna rufe kudancin Bangladesh. Manyan koguna na Bangladesh da aka samo daga Himalayas suna ɗauke da babban matakin laka kuma suna ajiye shi a fadin Bay of Bengal. Wannan ya haifar da manyan canje-canje a yankin bakin teku tsakanin 1989 da 2018. Fiye da shekaru 30 na canje-canje na yanayin tsibirai da yawa suna rasa yankin ƙasa. Koyaya, an sami riba gaba ɗaya a yankin ƙasa saboda tsarin hanzari na yau da kullun a wasu sassan waɗannan tsibirai. A yamma, an sami sabbin tsibirai, amma ba a lura da canje-canje masu mahimmanci ba. A bakin kogin Meghna, an lura da canje-canje masu ban sha'awa tare da kafa sabbin tsibirai da yawa.

A shekara ta 1989, yankin ƙasar ya kasance kawai 2 km2 (56.06%), yayin da yankin ruwa ya kasance 2 km2 (43.94%) tare da yankin ya faɗi tsakanin 2 ° 34' N zuwa 2 ° 38 N da 88 ° 01' E zuwa 92 ° 41' E, kuma tare da yanki na 147,570 km2. A cikin 2018, yankin ƙasar ya karu zuwa 29426 km2 (57.21%); karuwar 590 km2 (1.15%). Yankin ƙasar a cikin 1999 da 2009 ya kasance 56.49% da 56.68%, bi da bi, tare da jimlar karuwar 0.19%. Halin sake fasalin tsibirin ya nuna cewa sabon yankin ƙasar ya karu kowace shekara da matsakaicin 20 km2 (0.038) tare da yankin bakin teku na Bangladesh. An lura da ci gaban shuke-shuke a cikin sababbin tsibirai da aka kafa a tsawon shekaru 30. A farkon matakai, tsibirai yawanci wuraren sharar gida ne da sannu a hankali suka canza zuwa ciyawa da itatuwa.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Wani bincike na nesa na duniya na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa akwai 2,262 km2 na filayen ruwa a Bangladesh sabili da haka an sanya shi na 14 dangane da yawan filayen ruwa da ke faruwa a can. Binciken ya nuna cewa tuddai na kogin Meghna sun sami canji mai yawa a cikin shekaru 33, daga 1984 zuwa 2016, yanzu kawai yana faruwa a cikin 17.1% na farkon su duk da fadada yankin da 20.6%.&nbsp;

## Yankin da iyakoki
**Yankin:**

* *jimillar:*: 148,460 km2&nbsp;
* *Matsayi na ƙasa a duniya:* 92nd
* *ƙasa:* 130,170 km2&nbsp;
* *ruwa:* 18,2 km2&nbsp;

**Yankin kwatankwacin**

* Kwatanta Ostiraliya: dan kadan kasa da Chino / 3⁠ girman Victoria 
* Kwatanta Kanada: kusan sau biyu girman New Brunswick
* Kwatanta United Kingdom: dan kadan ya fi Ingila girma
* Kwatanta Amurka: kusan daidai da girman Iowa
* Kwatanta EU: dan kadan ya fi Girka girma

**Yankunan ƙasa:**

* *jimillar:* kilomita 4,427&nbsp;
* *Kasashen iyaka:* Myanmar 271 km, Indiya 4,156 km&nbsp;&nbsp;

**Da'awar teku:**

* *territorial sea:* 
* *contiguous zone:* 
* *exclusive economic zone:* 
* *continental shelf:* up to the outer limits of the continental margin

* *lowest point:* Indian Ocean 0 m
* *highest point:* Mowdok Taung in the Mowdok range at 1052 m (at N 21°47'12" E 92°36'36"), *NOT* Keokradong (883 m not 1,230 m) or Tazing Dong (985 m not 1,280 m as sometimes reported)

## Albarkatarwa da amfani da ƙasa
**Albarkatun halitta:** iskar gas, ƙasar noma, katako, kwal

**Amfani da ƙasa:** *Yankin noma:* 58.96% *Amfanin gona na dindindin:* 6.53% wasu: 34.51% (2012) 

Ƙasar da ake ban ruwa: 50,000 km2 (2008) &nbsp;

**Rashin ruwa mai laushi (na gida / masana'antu / aikin gona):** *jimillar:*: 3.87 km3/shekara (10% / 2% / 88%) *ga kowane mutum:* 238.3 m3/shekaru (2008) &nbsp;

Hadarin yanayi: Yawancin ƙasar suna cike da ambaliyar ruwa a lokacin damina (kuma ƙauyuka na gargajiya da aikin gona sun dace da wannan); ambaliyar da ke lalacewa tana faruwa ne lokacin da koguna suka tashi sama da na al'ada; guguwa na wurare masu zafi (guguwa) da guguwar guguwa; fari; rushewar kogin kogin tare da manyan koguna na ƙasar da kuma a cikin Meghna estuary; girgizar ƙasa; mai yiwuwa tsunami.

Muhalli - al'amurran yau da kullum: Ƙasar da ke da yawan jama'a (1,125 a kowace km2);  saurin birni yana faruwa;  mutane da yawa ba su da ƙasa, kuma da yawa suna rayuwa kuma suna noma ƙasar da ambaliyar ruwa ta shafa, zaizayar kogi ko guguwa;  Ruwan karkashin kasa da ake amfani da shi don ruwan sha da ban ruwa yana gurbata ko'ina da sinadarin arsenic da ke faruwa ta dabi'a a wasu wuraren da ambaliyar ta mamaye;  cututtuka masu yaduwa da ruwa;  Ruwan saman da ya gurɓata da gurɓatacciyar masana'antu, noma da na birane, yana shafar kayan cikin gida da kamun kifi na cikin gida;  karancin ruwa na tsaka-tsaki saboda fadowar ruwan ruwa a wasu sassan arewaci da tsakiyar kasar;  ƙara yawan gishiri da ruwa da ƙasa a wasu yankunan bakin teku, musamman a kudu maso yamma, saboda ƙanƙantar kogi da ruwan ƙasa a sama;  lalacewar ƙasa saboda yawan amfanin gona, raguwar kwayoyin halitta da rashin daidaiton amfani da taki;  sare itatuwa da zaizayar kasa a yankunan tuddai.

**Muhalli - yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa:** *jam'iyya zuwa:* Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Canjin-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Dokar Tekun, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands