Takardar bin diddigin kaya ta lantarki

**Takardar Kula da Jirgin Ruwa ta Lantarki** (**ECTN**) takardar shaidar ruwa ce ko takardar izini da ke da mahimmanci ga fitarwa zuwa mafi yawan kasashen Afirka. Tana aiki a matsayin muhimmin takarda ga masu shigo da kaya da masu fitar da kaya a cikin Afirka, yana buƙatar gabatar da ita ga jami'an kwastan. Yawanci, ECTN dole ne a inganta shi akalla kwanaki 5 kafin lokacin da aka tsara jirgin ruwa zai isa tashar jirgin ruwa. Rashin bayar da wannan takarda, ko gabatar da sigar da ba ta dace ba, na iya haifar da tarar kudi mai tsoka da hana share kaya ta hanyar kwastan.
Kasashen Afirka suna buƙatar ECTN daga masu jigilar kaya don tabbatar da ingantaccen kulawa, sa ido, da sarrafa zirga-zirgar shigo da fitar da kaya. Yana sauƙaƙa samun sanin bayanan kaya kafin isowarsu tashar jirgin ruwa, don haka yana inganta matakan tsaro.
Dangane da kasar, ECTN na iya samun sunaye daban-daban, ciki har da:
* BESC (Bordereau Électronique de Suivi de Cargaison)
* BSC (Bordereau de Suivi de Cargaison)
* FERI (Fiche Électronique des Renseignements à l'Importation)
* ACID (Advance Cargo Information Declaration)
* CNCA (Conselho Nacional de Carregadores)
## Bayani
ECTN tana ba da tsari mai zurfi ga kwastan da jami'an kan iyaka don sarrafa jigilar kaya gabaɗaya. Wannan takardar shaidar da aka daidaita tana ɗauke da cikakkun bayanai game da mai fitar da kaya, mai shigo da kaya, hanyar jigilar kaya, darajar kaya, sunan jirgin ruwa, da kudin sufuri.
## Tarihi
An gabatar da ECTN don ƙarfafa kariyar ƙasashen Afirka da kuma samar da ƙarin hanyar samun kudin shiga. Angola ta sanya amfani da ECTN a shekarar 1994, inda ta kafa wata hujja da kasashe sama da 24, ciki har da Masar (wadda ta gabatar da ACID a watan Afrilu 2021), suka biyo baya.
## Ayyuka da Manufofin
Ta hanyar samar da mahimman bayanai kan tafiyar jigilar kaya, ECTN tana bawa jami'an kwastan damar sarrafa ayyukan tashar jirgin ruwa yadda ya kamata. Tana taimakawa wajen rarraba ma'aikatan lodawa da kayan sauke kaya yadda ya kamata, don haka tana inganta sarrafa kaya. Bugu da kari, ECTN tana yaki da bayyana ƙasa da darajar kaya, tana inganta tsaro na kuɗi da kuma daidaito na ƙididdigar kaya.
## Hakkoki
Alhakin masu jigilar kaya, wakilansu, ko masu gaba da kaya ne su sami ECTN daga hukumomin da aka ba izini a kasar asali. Rashin biyan bukata yana jan hankalin hukunci. Duk da cewa masu jigilar kaya ne ke da alhakin farko, masu shigo da kaya, kamfanonin jigilar kaya, da sauran bangarorin da abin ya shafa ma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa. Kamfanonin jigilar kaya, musamman, suna da alhakin sanar da masu fitar da kaya game da buƙatar ECTN kafin bayar da Takardar shaidar jigilar kaya ta asali.
## Abubuwan da za su iya faruwa idan ba a bi ka'ida ba
Rashin bin ka'idojin ECTN na iya hana share kaya, haifar da cajin demarage/ajiya na yau da kullun, kudade na canjin takardar shaidar, da tarar har sau biyar na darajar kayan. A lokuta masu tsanani, kamar wani lamari na 2017 a Gabon inda aka sanya tarar €40,000, masu fitar da kaya na iya zaɓar su bar jigilar gaba ɗaya.
## Takardun da ake bukata
Kodayake takardun da ake buƙata na iya bambanta, gabaɗaya sun haɗa da:
* Takardar shaidar jigilar kaya
* Takardar kudin ciniki
* Takardar kudin jigilar kaya (idan ba a haɗa shi a cikin takardar kudin ciniki ba)
Wasu kasashe na iya buƙatar ƙarin takardu, kamar Documento Único (DU), Takardar shaidar Inshora, Jerin kayan shiryawa, Takardar shaidar asali, da Sanarwar Kwastan.
## Jerin kasashen da ke buƙatar ECTN
Aiwatar da ECTN ya yadu a cikin kasashe masu yawa na Afirka, yana nuna muhimmiyar rawar da take takawa a cikin bin diddigin jigilar kaya da sarrafa su. Wadannan kasashe sun haɗa da:
* Angola
* Benin
* Burkina Faso
* Burundi
* Kamaru
* Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya
* Chadi
* D.R. Kongo
* Djibouti
* Masar
* Equatorial Guinea
* Gabon
* Ghana
* Guinea Bissau
* Guinea Conakry
* Ivory Coast
* Laberiya
* Laberiya
* Madagascar
* Mali
* Nijar
* Jamhuriyar Kongo
* Senegal
* Saliyo
* Sudan ta Kudu
* Somaliya
* Togo
## Aiwatar da Fasaha
Baya ga Angola, wacce har yanzu take buƙatar kwafin takarda, tsarin aikace-aikacen ECTN yanzu yana kan layi gaba ɗaya a duk ƙasashen da aka ba da umarni. Wannan tsarin dijital yana sauƙaƙa tsarin aikace-aikacen, yana mai da shi mafi inganci da sauƙin amfani.
## Sunaye daban-daban ta Kasa
ECTN an san shi da sunaye daban-daban dangane da ƙasar, yana nuna daidaitawar gida na wannan muhimmin takardar ciniki. Waɗannan sun haɗa da:
* ACID (Advance Cargo Information Declaration) - Masar
* BESC (Bordereau Électronique de Suivi de Cargaisonis) - Benin, Kamaru
* BIETC (Bordereau d'Identification Electronique de Traçabilité des Cargaisons) - Gabon
* BSC (Bordereau de Suivi de Cargaisonis) - Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Mali, Nijar, Senegal
* CEE (Certificado Electrónico de Embarque) - Guinea Bissau
* CNCA (Conselho Nacional de Carregadores) - Angola
* CTN (Cargo Tracking Note) - Ghana, Laberiya
* ECTN (Electronic Cargo Tracking Note) - Aljeriya, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea Conakry, Laberiya, Jamhuriyar Chadi, Jamhuriyar Kongo, Sudan ta Kudu, Togo
* ENS - Saliyo
* FERI (Fiche Électronique des Renseignements à l'Importation) - Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Kongo
## Manazarta