open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Jacob Lensky

**Jacob Lensky** (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 1988) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke buga ƙwallon tsakiya . An haife shi a Kanada, ya wakilci Kanada da Jamhuriyar Czech a ƙasashen duniya a matakin matasa.

## Aikin kulob

### Aikin ƙuruciya
An haifi Lensky a Vancouver, British Columbia kuma ya halarci Kwalejin Vancouver . Farkon aikinsa na ƙwallon ƙafa ya yi a duk faɗin Turai - a Belgium tare da Anderlecht,  a Jamhuriyar Czech tare da Sparta Prague  da Slavia Prague,  a Ingila tare da Blackburn Rovers  da Scotland tare da Celtic. 

### Sana'ar ƙwararru
A watan Satumba na 2006, Lensky ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar kwangila da ƙungiyar Feyenoord ta ƙasar Holland, wadda ta fara aiki daga ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2007.  Ya fara buga wasa a Eredivisie a Feyenoord a ranar 11 ga Fabrairu, 2007, a wasan da suka fafata da Twente .

Lensky ya sanar da yin ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a watan Agusta na 2008,  kafin ya yi atisaye da Vancouver Whitecaps a watan Janairun 2009.  An kuma ba wa Lensky damar yin gwaji tare da Seattle Sounders FC na Major League Soccer, amma ya ƙi. 

Lensky ya koma ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a watan Satumba na 2009, lokacin da ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara ɗaya da ƙungiyar Utrecht ta ƙasar Holland  inda ya ci gaba da zama a can har zuwa ƙarshen shekarar 2011, lokacin da ya koma Kanada. 

An yi masa shari'a da Whitecaps FC na MLS har sai da aka sake shi a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 2013. 

## Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa
Lensky yana da hannu a cikin yunƙurin da Kanada ta yi na rashin nasara don shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2008. Ya buga wasanni da Mexico da Haiti. 

### Jamhuriyar Czech
Lensky memba ne na ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 ta Jamhuriyar Czech  kuma ya fara buga wasa a ranar 3 ga Maris, 2010 da Finland .  Ya fara buga wasa a gasar a ranar 11 ga Agusta, 2010 da San Marino . 

## Manazarta
Jami'ar Auckland Faculty of Education and Social Work

**Jami'ar Auckland Faculty of Education and Social Work** ( Māori : *Te Kura Akoranga me Te Tauwhiro Tangata* ) ita ce sashen ilimi na Jami'ar Auckland . An kafa ta a watan Satumba na 2004 ta hanyar haɗakar Jami'ar Auckland da Kwalejin Ilimi ta Auckland . Tun daga shekarar 2018, Shugaban Ilimi da Ayyukan Jama'a, Farfesa Mark Barrow ne ke jagorantar sashen.

## Tarihi
An kafa Kwalejin Ilimi a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2004 ta hanyar haɗakar Makarantar Ilimi ta Jami'ar Auckland da Kwalejin Ilimi ta Auckland . An kafa Kwalejin Ilimi ta Auckland a shekara ta 1881 don samar da horar da malamai a yankin Auckland. A shekara ta 1977, Jami'ar Auckland ta kafa Makarantar Ilimi ta kanta don yin gogayya da Kwalejin Auckland bayan da Gwamnatin New Zealand ta sassauta manufofinta kan masu ba da horo ga malamai. Shugaban farko na Kwalejin Ilimi shi ne Dr John Langley, wanda a da ya jagoranci Kwalejin Ilimi. A shekara ta 2008, Graeme Aitken ya gaje shi, wanda ya yi aiki har zuwa ƙarshen 2017. A shekara ta 2015, Kwalejin ta canza sunanta zuwa Kwalejin Ilimi da Aikin Jama'a don nuna bincike da cancantar da aka bayar.  A shekara ta 2018, Mark Barrow ya zama Shugaban Ilimi da Aikin Jama'a.  

A ranar 30 ga Satumba, 2018, Shugaban Ilimi Mark Barrow ya tabbatar da cewa Kwalejin za ta ƙaura daga harabar Epsom zuwa Jami'ar Auckland's City Campus a shekarar 2020. Wani labarin da aka buga a *jaridar New Zealand Herald* ya lura cewa akwai shirin sayar da wurin ga ƙabilar Māori Ngāti Whātua .   

Bugu da ƙari, an kafa sabon harabar ilimi a Ōtara tare da haɗin gwiwar Cibiyar Fasaha ta Manukau a farkon 2020. 

Daga baya, an ɗage mayar da Kwalejin Ilimi da Ayyukan Jin Daɗi daga Epsom zuwa harabar birnin zuwa ƙarshen 2023, tare da ci gaba da koyarwa a Ginin 201 da aka gyara a 2024. Za a ba da kuɗin ginin da aka gyara na 201 ta hanyar kuɗaɗen gwamnati na "shirya" na shebur.  

## Wurare da kayan aiki
Babban harabar Kwalejin Ilimi da Ayyukan Jama'a tana cikin Epsom, wani yanki a tsakiyar Auckland .  Kwalejin tana da cibiyoyin karatun tauraron dan adam a Manukau a Kudancin Auckland da kuma a Whangārei a Northland . 

## Darussa da shirye-shirye
Sashen Ilimi da Aikin Jama'a ya ƙunshi makarantu biyar: Makarantar Ba da Shawara, Ayyukan Ɗan Adam da Aikin Jama'a, Makarantar Nazarin Muhimmanci a Ilimi, Makarantar Manhaja da Ilimin Ilimi, Makarantar Koyo, Ci gaba da Ayyukan Ƙwararru (LDPP), da Makarantar Ilimi ta Māori da 'Yan Asalin Ƙasa ( *Te Puna Wānanga* ). Sauran cibiyoyin da ke da alaƙa sun haɗa da Cibiyar Koyo da Bincike a Babban Ilimi (CLEaR) da Cibiyar Kohia, wadda ke mai da hankali kan haɓaka ƙwarewa ga masu ilimi da ma'aikatan zamantakewa.  Sashen kuma yana ba da shirye-shiryen ilimi na farko, difloma na digiri na biyu, difloma na digiri na biyu, MA, da PhD a matakin farko na yara, firamare, da sakandare. 

## Manazarta
Asibitin Jama'a na Yammacin Berkshire

**Asibitin Al'umma na West Berkshire** ƙaramin asibiti ne da ke yankin Benham Hill na Newbury, a Yammacin Berkshire, Ingila. Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust ce ke kula da shi.

## Tarihi
An kafa asibitin, wanda aka kafa don maye gurbin ayyukan da asibitocin Newbury da Sandleford suka yi a baya, a hukumance ta hannun Princess Anne a watan Oktoban 2004.   An shirya kammala sabon sashin kula da koda da cutar kansa a asibitin daga baya a shekarar 2018. 

Za ta kasance tana da ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyin bincike guda 40 waɗanda aka yi niyya don faɗaɗa ayyukan bincike da ake da su a wajen asibitoci. 

## Manazarta
Gidan Tarihin Haiti

**Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi na Haiti na Miami** yana cikin Miami, Florida kuma yana nuna fasaha, al'adu da gado daga Haiti . Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi na Haiti ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ta himmatu wajen kiyayewa da nuna al'adun Haiti da gado ta hanyar ayyukan fasaha, kayan tarihi, kiɗa, fina-finai, da adabi.  Wannan shaida ce cewa Miami tana da ɗaya daga cikin manyan al'ummomin Haiti a wajen Haiti.  

## Tarihi
Eveline Pierre da Serge Rodriguez ne suka kafa ta a shekarar 2004.  suna tunawa da cika shekaru Bicentennial na Haiti.  Haiti ta 'yantar da kanta da jagorancin Toussaint L'Ouverture kuma ta zama jamhuriya ta farko ta bakar fata mai zaman kanta. 

## Shiga cikin Al'umma
Gidan Tarihi na Haiti ya halarci bikin Art Basel Miami na 2012.  Gidan Tarihi ya kuma dauki nauyin wasu bukukuwa domin murnar Watan Gado na Haiti. 

## Manazarta
Paul Ignatius

Paul Robert Ignatius (Nuwamba 11, 1920 - Nuwamba 6, 2025) wani jami'in gwamnatin Amurka ne kuma ɗan kasuwa wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Sakataren Sojojin ruwa na Amurka na 59 tsakanin 1967 da 1969 a lokacin gwamnatin Lyndon B. Johnson. A baya ya kasance Mataimakin Sakatare na Sojoji na Amurka a cikin 1964. A lokacin da yake matsayin Sakataren Sojan Ruwa, Ignatius shi ne Ba'amurken Armeniya mafi girma a gwamnatin Amurka.

Bayan hidimar gwamnati, Ignatius ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban jaridar The Washington Post kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin zartarwa na Kamfanin Washington Post daga 1969 har zuwa 1971. A lokacin da yake tare da The Washington Post, Ignatius ba da son ransa ya kula da sakin Takardun Pentagon, shawarar da ta sa shi rashin jituwa da shugabar mawallafin Katharine Graham, wanda ya goyi bayan sakin.

Ignatius ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugaba da Shugaba na Kungiyar Sufurin Jiragen Sama kuma ya kasance memba a kwamitin amintattu na Gidauniyar George C. Marshall da Cibiyar Kula da Dabaru.
## Rayuwar farko
Paul Robert Ignatius an haife shi a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba, 1920, a Glendale, California,  ɗan iyayen Armeniya waɗanda suka yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka, Elisa (née Jamgochian; Armenian: Էլիզա Ջամգոչյան Իջգնատոսյան Իջանատոս Hose Bép. (sunan ƙarshe na asali - Ignatosian; Armenian: հովսեյան իգնստոսյան). Kakannin Ignatius sun fito ne daga wurin tarihi na Armeniya na Ağın kusa da Kharpert (Elazığ na Turkiyya a yau).

Ignatius ya sami digirinsa na farko daga Jami'ar Kudancin California (Phi Beta Kappa da Phi Kappa Tau) da digirinsa na MBA daga Makarantar Kasuwancin Harvard. A wannan lokacin, ya yi aiki da magatakarda na wucin gadi a wurin ofishin Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka a Glendale.

Ignatius ya yi aiki a matsayin kwamandan kwamandan sojan ruwa na Amurka a yakin duniya na biyu, musamman a matsayin jami'in kula da harkokin sufurin jiragen sama a cikin jirgin dakon jirgin USS Manila Bay (CVE-61) a cikin Pacific.
## Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa
Ignatius ya auri Nancy Weiser Sharpless a shekara ta 1947.Sharpless ya mutu a watan Janairun 2019 daga cutar kansar nono.Ma'auratan sun zauna a Washington, D.C.

Yana da ‘ya’ya biyu maza da mata biyu. David Ignatius marubuci ne na The Washington Post, kuma marubuci kuma Adi Ignatius babban editan Harvard Business Review ne. Dukan 'ya'yan mata, Saratu da Amy, sun bi doka. Amy Ignatius babban Alkalin Kotun ne a New Hampshire. Sarah Ignatius darakta ce mai zaman kanta.

Ignatius ya cika shekara 100 a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba, 2020, kuma ya mutu a gidansa da ke Washington, D.C., a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 2025, yana da shekaru 104, kwana biyar daga abin da zai kasance shekaru 105 da haihuwa.

## Manazarta
Kwalejin Mount Clear

**Kwalejin Mount Clear**, wacce a da aka fi sani da Kwalejin Sakandare ta Mount Clear da Makarantar Sakandare ta Fasaha ta Mount Clear, babbar makaranta ce ta gwamnati a Ballarat, Victoria, Ostiraliya. An kafa ta ne bayan kwalejoji biyu na sakandare, Makarantar Fasaha ta Maza ta Ballarat da Makarantar Sakandare ta Mata ta Ballarat da aka haɗa a shekarar 1981. Kwalejin tana cikin Mount Clear,  daga tsakiyar yankin kasuwanci na Ballarat.

## Tarihi
An kafa Makarantar Fasaha ta Ballarat a matsayin makarantar yara maza a shekarar 1913, kuma Sir Alexander Peacock ya buɗe ta a hukumance a watan Yulin 1915.

A shekarar 1976, bayan nasarar haɗa Makarantar Fasaha ta Ballarat da Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Ballarat (wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1951), Makarantar Sakandare ta Fasaha ta Mount Clear ta buɗe a matsayin makaranta ga ɗalibai 'yan shekara 7 zuwa 10. Duk waɗannan makarantun suna da al'ada mai kyau wadda ta fara a shekarar 1874. Makarantar Fasaha, wacce aka sani da "Central Tech", tana cikin Lydiard St South a cikin CBD kuma Makarantar Sakandare, wacce aka sani da "Makarantar 'Yan Mata", tana cikin Titin Barkly, Ballarat East. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

A shekarar 1977, an kafa ƙananan makarantu guda huɗu. Ɗaya na ɗalibai ne a harabar Lydiard Street. An san ta da Lalor Mini School. Ɗaliban da ke tsohon wurin makarantar 'yan mata suna cikin makarantar Barkly Mini. A wannan shekarar, dukkan ɗaliban sabuwar shekara 7 suna zaune a harabar Mount Clear. An kuma ƙara sabbin ƙananan makarantu guda biyu, Canadian da Currawong. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

A watan Oktoban 1981, an kammala wani sabon gini da aka tsara bisa ga manufar ƙananan makarantu. Ɗaliban Makarantar Lalor Mini su ne suka fara ƙaura zuwa sabon ginin. A ƙarshen wannan shekarar, duk ɗaliban sun ƙaura zuwa sabon wurin da ke gabashin Mount Clear Recreation Reserve kuma a arewa da tsohon Tashar Jirgin Ƙasa ta Mount Clear. [ ana buƙatar ambato ]

A tsakiyar shekarun 1980, don mayar da martani ga damuwar al'ummar makaranta, an fara koyar da aji na 11 da 12 a makarantar. An ajiye sunayen ƙananan makarantu a cikin nau'ikan sunayen gidaje, da kuma a kan tambarin. A shekara ta 2002 aka amince da sunan hukuma na Kwalejin Mount Clear. 

## Manazarta
Kyautar Brooks Wallace

**Kyautar Brooks Wallace** kyauta ce da Gidauniyar Kwalejin Baseball (CBF) ke bayarwa ga mafi kyawun ƙwallon baseball na kwaleji na shekara.  Ana bayar da kyautar kowace shekara tun daga 2004. Har zuwa 2008, ana ba da kyautar ga ɗan wasan da ya fi fice a ƙasar; duk da haka, a cikin 2009 an canza jerin waɗanda za su karɓi kyautar zuwa waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙananan sanduna. An sanya mata suna ne bayan tsohon ɗan wasan Texas Tech kuma mataimakin kocin Brooks Wallace, wanda ya mutu sakamakon cutar kansa a 1985 yana da shekaru 27. 

## Masu nasara

## Manazarta
Kwalejin Loreto, Victoria

**Kwalejin Loreto, Victoria makaranta** ce mai zaman kanta ta makarantar sakandare ta Roman Katolika ga 'yan mata, wacce ke tsakiyar Ballarat, Victoria, Ostiraliya.

## Tarihi
Kwalejin Loreto Ballarat ita ce makarantar Loreto ta farko a Ostiraliya, wacce Mother Gonzaga Barry da al'ummarta 'yan'uwa mata na addini suka kafa a shekarar 1875 bayan gayyatar Bishop na Ballarat don kafa makaranta ga 'yan mata. An san wannan makarantar kwana da Loreto Abbey Mary's Mount kuma ba da daɗewa ba aka biyo baya da makarantar kwana, wacce ita ma a Ballarat ce, wacce aka fi sani da Loreto Convent Dawson Street.

Mama Gonzaga ta zo Ostiraliya daga Ireland ta kuma kafa makarantun firamare na gida da kuma makarantun Loreto a Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane, Adelaide da Perth.

Tun daga kafuwarta a shekarar 1875 har zuwa 1973, ana shigar da yara maza daga makarantar renon yara har zuwa aji biyu ko uku; tun daga shekarar 1973, makarantar ta ɗauki 'yan mata ne kawai. 

A shekarar 1978, an haɗa Makarantar Dawson Street Day School da Mary's Mount a hukumance don kafa Kwalejin Loreto Ballarat, tare da Shekaru 7-8 a Titin Dawson da Shekaru 9-12 a Titin Sturt – Mount Mary. A shekarar 2007, an haɗa harabar makarantar Loreto ta ƙanana da ta manyan makarantu a harabar makarantar Sturt Street bayan gina Cibiyar Mary Ward ta Shekaru 7-8. Wurin Dawson Street ya rufe a shekarar 2006, kuma Makarantar Sakandare ta Ballarat ta yi amfani da shi na ɗan lokaci kafin ƙungiyar Quest Apartments ta saya shi. A shekarar 2015, kwalejin ta buɗe Cibiyar Mary's Mount. Wannan cibiyar wasan kwaikwayo tana da gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai kujeru 500 tare da ɗakunan kiɗa da rawa, azuzuwa da dakunan gwaje-gwaje na multimedia.

## Gidaje
Akwai gidaje huɗu a Kwalejin Loreto Ballarat, waɗanda aka sanya wa suna Barry, Mornane, Mulhall da Ward. Launin gidajen ya bambanta daga makaranta zuwa makaranta. A Kwalejin Loreto Ballarat, Barry ja ne, Mornane zinare ne, Mulhall kore ne kuma Ward shuɗi ne. An sanya wa gidajen suna ne don girmama manyan masu kula da makarantar.

An sanya wa Barry House suna ne bayan Mama Gonzaga Barry wacce ta jagoranci rukunin farko na matan Loreto zuwa Ostiraliya daga Ireland a shekarar 1875. Ta fara makarantar Loreto a Ballarat, bayan haka ta biyo bayan sauran makarantu a faɗin ƙasar. Ta kasance babbar majagaba a fannin ilimi wajen buɗe kwalejojin malamai da kuma shirya 'yan mata don shiga jami'a.

An sanya wa Mornane House suna ne saboda Mama Stanislaus Mornane, wacce take ɗaya daga cikin ɗaliban farko na Loreto Abbey Ballarat a shekarar 1876 kuma ta zama ɗalibi na farko na Loreto ɗan ƙasar Australia da ya shiga makarantar a Ostiraliya. Ta shafe shekaru da yawa a Sydney inda ta kasance malamar makaranta kuma babbar mai kula da harkokin mata.

## Manazarta
Mwea National Reserve

**Ma'ajiyar ƙasa ta Mwea** wani wurin ajiyar ƙasa ne na ƙasar Kenya da ke kudancin Embu .  Tsawonsa ya kai tsakanin , wanda yankin dajin Acacia-Commiphora ya mamaye a gefen arewa na madatsar ruwa ta Kamburu, a mahaɗar kogin Tana da Thiba. Sauran ciyayi suna gauraye tsakanin manyan bishiyoyi da aka warwatse (nau'in Acacia da bishiyoyin baobab ), yanayin halittu na savannah na yau da kullun. Tsirrai masu buɗewa suna mamaye manyan koguna, tare da ɗanɗano mai kauri lokaci-lokaci, da kuma dajin riverarian ko na kogin.

## Namun daji
Dabbobi na wasan sun fito ne daga Giwaye na Afirka, ƙananan kudus, crocodiles na Nilu, giraffes, Zebras na Grant, buffalo, leopards na Afirka, Duikers na yau da kullun, Jackals masu baki, bushbucks, waterbucks, birai na Sykes, warthogs, rock hyraxes, aladu na daji, Impalace da hartebeests. Ana kuma samun Squirrels na ƙasa, Common Genet Cat da yellow baboons a Mwea.

## Kallon Tsuntsaye
An san shi da tsuntsaye ruwa da waders, an rubuta nau'ikan tsuntsaye sama da 200 a cikin ajiyar, sun tabbatar da shi ya zama Babban Yankin Tsuntsaye (IBA). Wurin ajiya shine kawai yankin da aka kare wanda aka sani da Hinde's babbler (Turdoides hindei) da ke fuskantar barazana a duniya. Mwea National Reserve kuma yana da wasu nau'o'i biyu masu ban mamaki; Pel's fish owl (*Scotopelia peli*) da farin-backed night heron (*Gorsachius leuconotus*). Har ila yau, ana ganin tsuntsayen Madagascar (*Ardeola idae*). Mwea National Reserve aljanna ce ta tsuntsaye tare da nau'ikan tsuntsaye masu yawa, gami da Eagle Fish, White-headed Vulture, da Pele's Fishing Owl. Sauran masu cin nama kamar Augur Buzzards da kestrels daban-daban~ Grey Kestrel (Falco ardosiaceus) da falcons~ Lanner Falcon (Falcu biarmicus) suma suna nan. Yanayi daban-daban na ajiyar, daga bude savannah zuwa wetlands, suna jan hankalin raptors da yawa.

## Sansanoni
Wurin ajiyar yana da sansani bakwai: Mbogo, Silvester, Mavuria, Kyangosi, Hippo-Point, Kanyonga da Githechu. Wuraren shakatawa suna ba ku damar shakatawa a cikin yanayi, wataƙila kusa da koguna ko kuma tare da kallon daji mai buɗewa.

## Sauran abubuwan jan hankali
Waɗannan sun haɗa da kallon dabbobi, hawa kwale-kwale a Dam ɗin Kamburu, ganin dorinar ruwa a Hippo Point, kallon tsuntsaye da tafiya (da'irar tafiya).
Fayil:GIRAFFES_MWEA.JPG|alt=Giraffes in the Mwea National Reserve| Raƙuman Raƙuman Ruwa a cikin Ma'ajiyar Ƙasa ta Mwea


## Manazarta
Sashen Didiévi

**Sashen Didiévi** sashe ne na Yankin Bélier a Gundumar Lacs, Ivory Coast . A shekarar 2021, yawan jama'arta ya kai 93,629 kuma mazauninta shine mazaunin Didiévi . Ƙananan gundumomin sashen sune Boli, Didiévi, Molonou-Blé, Raviart, da Tié-N'Diékro .

## Tarihi
An ƙirƙiri Sashen Didiévi a shekarar 2005 a matsayin wani yanki na mataki na biyu ta hanyar rabuwar kai daga Sashen Tiébissou. A lokacin ƙirƙirarsa, yana cikin Yankin Lacs .

A shekarar 2011, an gabatar da gundumomi a matsayin sabbin ƙananan hukumomi na Ivory Coast. A lokaci guda, an sake tsara yankuna kuma suka zama ƙananan hukumomi na mataki na biyu kuma dukkan sassan an mayar da su zuwa ƙananan hukumomi na mataki na uku. A wannan lokacin, Sashen Didiévi ya zama wani ɓangare na Yankin Bélier a Gundumar Lacs.

## Manazarta
Kwahu Plateau

**Tudun Kwahu** yana da fadin murabba'in  tsayin tudu a kudancin Ghana . Ya ƙunshi gefen kudu mai tsayi na Kogin Volta . Yana samar da babban magudanar ruwa na Ghana, yana raba koguna a cikin tsarin Kogin Volta daga koguna a rabin yammacin Ghana wanda ke kwarara zuwa Tekun Atlantika (Birim, Pra, Ankobra). Tudun yana da matsakaicin tsayin ƙafa 1,500 kuma mafi girman wurinsa shine Dutsen Akmawa mai tsawon ƙafa 2,586. Tudun yana da kwaruruka da yawa kuma an yi masa alama da manyan kololuwa. A kudu yana iyaka da ƙasar dazuzzuka masu yawa, wanda ke kare shi daga iskar harmattan ta ciki. An gabatar da noman cacao a yamma, wanda hanyoyin kasuwanci na gargajiya ke kaiwa zuwa Tekun Atlantika; ana ƙarfafa noman kayan lambu a ɓangaren gabas. Manyan garuruwa kuma mafi mahimmanci a Tudun Kwahu sune Wenchi, Mampong, Mpraeso, da Abetifi. 

## Manazarta
William George Mensah Brandful

**William George Mensah Brandful** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1952) ɗan ƙasar Ghana ne kuma ma'aikacin gwamnati.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi William a ranar 4 ga Disamba, 1952 a Cape Coast ga Essie Essilfua Bradful (21 ga Fabrairu, 1925 - 12 ga Mayu, 2012) da William George Mensah Brandful (5 ga Yuni, 1915 - 4 ga Mayu, 1994). Ya halarci Makarantar Mfantsipim daga 1964 zuwa 1971 sannan ya ci gaba da karatu a Jami'ar Ghana a 1971, inda ya kammala a 1975. Ya ci gaba zuwa Jami'ar Dakar, Senegal don karatun digiri na biyu. Ya kuma yi karatu a Polytechnic of Central London ; Jami'ar Nairobi, Kenya ; École nationale d'administration ; The Academy of International Law ; kuma a watan Janairu, 1986, Jami'ar Paris XI don shirin digiri na uku na digiri na uku a Hulɗar Ƙasashen Duniya.  

## Sana'a
A ranar 17 ga Mayu 1977 ya shiga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje da Haɗin Kan Yankuna. Daga Oktoba 1988 zuwa Oktoba 1992 ya yi aiki a ofishin jakadancin Ghana da ke Cotonou, Benin . A matsayinsa na ɗalibi yana karatunsa na gaba a Makarantar Mfantsipim, mahaifinsa ya shirya masa ya yi dogon hutunsa a Cotonou don inganta harshen Faransanci da yake magana da shi, kuma daga baya Benin ta zama tashar diflomasiyya ta farko.

Daga Satumba 1996 zuwa Satumba 2000, ya yi aiki a ofishin jakadancin Ghana da ke Bonn, Jamus . Ya koma Ghana a shekarar 2000, kuma a watan Nuwamba na wannan shekarar aka tura shi Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje don ya jagoranci ofishin yarjejeniyar yarjejeniya a matsayin babban jami'in yarjejeniya. Ya yi aiki a wannan matsayin har zuwa Oktoba 2002, lokacin da aka tura shi Mali a matsayin ministan riƙon ƙwarya da mataimakin jakadan Ghana a Mali, inda ya ƙare aikinsa a Mali a watan Oktoba, 2006. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da Darakta kan Tsare-tsare, Bincike da Sa ido na tsawon shekaru biyu, kuma a shekarar 2008 aka naɗa shi babban kwamishinan Ghana a Zambia kuma shugaban ofisoshin jakadanci. Bayan hatsarin nukiliya na Fukushima a watan Mayu 2011, marigayi John Evans Atta Mills ya naɗa shi jakadan Ghana a Japan . Daga 16 ga Yuni 2011 zuwa 31 ga Disamba 2012, ya kasance jakadan Ghana a Japan wanda ke zaune a Tokyo kuma an amince da shi a matsayin babban kwamishina a Singapore .  

A watan Satumba na 2012, ya zaɓi ya karɓi tayin ƙungiyar Mizutani ta masu son zuba jari a Ghana. Tayin ya shafi wani wuri da aka ɗauki nauyinsa wanda za a yi amfani da shi a matsayin ofis mai zaman kansa. Brandful ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar kayan kwalliya na ƙungiyar gidaje ta Sakae Dori Maruzen Co. Ltd. da sunansa na sirri, tare da takardar shaidar diflomasiyyarsa. Zuwa Disamba na 2012, ƙungiyar ba ta yi wani bibiya ba don samar wa ofishin kayan aiki. Jakadan ya ɗauka cewa ƙungiyar ba ta da sha'awar fara ayyukan saka hannun jari a Ghana. Saboda haka, jakadan ya yi kira da a soke ginin. Soke ginin ya fara aiki a ranar 28 ga Maris 2013. Ya nisanta kansa daga abubuwan da ke faruwa a Tokyo game da ginin.    

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Yana da aure da Dinah Coleman kuma suna da 'ya'ya mata huɗu da kuma jikoki uku. Abubuwan da yake sha'awa sun haɗa da squash, tennis, golf da kuma buga piano.  

## Manazarta
Jerin shafukan Superfund a Connecticut

Wannan **jerin wuraren Superfund ne a Connecticut** da aka tsara a ƙarƙashin Dokar Muhalli Mai Cikakken Amsawa, Diyya, da Alhaki (CERCLA). Dokar tarayya ta CERCLA ta 1980 ta ba wa Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka (EPA) izinin ƙirƙirar jerin wuraren da suka gurɓata waɗanda ke buƙatar magani na dogon lokaci don tsaftace gurɓatattun abubuwa masu haɗari.  Waɗannan wurare ana kiransu wuraren Superfund, kuma an sanya su a cikin Jerin Fifiko na Ƙasa (NPL).

Hukumar NPL ce ke jagorantar EPA wajen "ƙayyade waɗanne wurare ne suka cancanci ƙarin bincike" don gyara muhalli .  Tun daga ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2010, akwai wurare 14 na Superfund a cikin Jerin Fifiko na Ƙasa a Connecticut .  An gabatar da ƙarin wuri guda don shiga cikin jerin.  An tsaftace wurare uku kuma an cire su daga jerin. 

## Shafukan Superfund

: 
: 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin wuraren Superfund a Amurka
* Jerin matsalolin muhalli
* Jerin nau'ikan sharar gida
* TOXMAP

## Manazarta
Gundumar Afigya Kwabre

**Gundumar Afigya Kwabre** tsohuwar gunduma ce da ke yankin Ashanti, Ghana. An ƙirƙiro ta ne daga ɓangaren yamma na '''Gundumar''' Afigya-Sekyere (wanda a yanzu ake kira Gundumar Sekyere ta Kudu) da kuma ɓangaren yamma na Gundumar Kwabre (wanda a yanzu ake kira Gundumar Kwabre ta Gabas) a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba 2007 (wanda a zahiri yake a ranar 29 ga Fabrairu 2008). Duk da haka, a ranar 15 ga Maris 2018, an raba ta zuwa sabbin gundumomi biyu: Gundumar Afigya Kwabre ta Kudu (babban birnin: Kodie) da Gundumar Afigya Kwabre ta Arewa (babban birnin: Boamang). Majalisar gundumar ta kasance ɓangaren arewacin Gundumar Ashanti kuma Kodie ita ce babban birninta.

## Nassoshi
Harriet Sena Siaw-Boateng

**Harriet Sena Siaw-Boateng** ita ce Jakadiyar Belgium kuma wakiliyar Ghana ta dindindin a Tarayyar Turai . Shugaba Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo ne ya naɗa ta daga ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 2019 har zuwa 22 ga Satumba, 2023.  Harriet Boateng lauya ce kuma lauya a Kotun Koli ta Ghana.  

## Ilimi
Harriet Boateng ta yi karatunta na GCE '0' Level a Achimota, 1986. A shekarar 1988, ta sami digirin GCE 'A' a Makarantar Sakandare ta OLA . Tun daga lokacin ta ci gaba da karatunta a Jami'ar Ghana, Jami'ar Oxford, Birtaniya da Makarantar Shari'a ta BPP, Ingila, tana karatun digiri na BA (Hons) a Faransanci da Harsuna, Hulɗar Ƙasashen Duniya da Harkokin Diflomasiyya da Harkokin Shari'a. Ta sami takardar shaidarta ta yin aikin lauya a Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana a 2016.

## Sana'a
A ranar farko ga watan Fabrairun 2019, an naɗa Harriet Boateng a matsayin jakada da aka naɗa a Belgium kuma wakiliyar dindindin ta Ghana a Tarayyar Turai. 

## Manaz
Tsohon Gidan Ma'adinai

**Old Mineral House** wani ma'ajiyar kayan tarihi ne da aka jera a lamba 2 Edward Street, Brisbane City, Birnin Brisbane, Queensland, Ostiraliya. Richard Gailey ne ya tsara shi kuma William Anthony ya gina shi daga 1888 zuwa 1890s. Haka kuma an san shi da Smellie & Co Warehouse da Makarantar Sakandare ta Masana'antu. An ƙara shi cikin Rijistar Gadon Sarauta ta Queensland a ranar 21 ga Oktoba 1992. 

## Tarihi

An gina wannan rumbun adana kayan tarihi ne ga kamfanin Smellie & Co a shekarar 1888, tare da tsawaita ginin a ƙarshen shekarun 1890. 

An kafa RR Smellie & Co a shekarun 1860 a matsayin masana'antar gine-gine da injiniya a titin Alice, tana samar da kayayyakin ƙarfe na masana'antar gine-gine, da kayan aiki don jiragen ruwa masu tururi da jiragen ƙasa. A shekarun 1880, RR Smellie & Co ta canza yanayin kasuwancinta, ta mai da hankali kan shigo da injuna, kayan aiki, da kayan aiki na gabaɗaya. Smith, Forrester, da Co sun ci gaba da gyaran masana'antar RR Smellie & Co. A shekarar 1882, kamfanin ya zama sananne da Smellie & Co. 

Sauyin alkiblar kasuwancin ya sa Smellie & Co ke buƙatar sararin ajiya. An gina wani rumbun ajiya mai hawa biyu a kan titin Alice A , amma waɗannan wuraren sun yi ƙanƙanta sosai domin kasuwancin ya bunƙasa a shekarun 1880. A shekarar 1888, an gina sabon rumbun ajiya, wanda Richard Gailey ya tsara, ga kamfanin a kusurwar titin Edward da Alice a shekarar 1888. William Anthony ne ya gina shi, wanda ya kula da £  don aikin. Gidan ajiyar yana ɗauke da nau'ikan kayan aiki iri-iri, buƙatun injiniya, da kayan aikin noma. 

Ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye rumbun ajiyar kayan tarihi a lokacin ambaliyar ruwa ta Brisbane a shekarar 1893.

An ƙara hawa biyu a ginin a ƙarshen shekarun 1890 sakamakon ci gaba da faɗaɗa kasuwancin kamfanin. 

A shekarar 1930, an ba da hayar wannan ginin ga ACB Limited, masu labule, kuma a shekarar 1935, Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a ta zama masu haya. Gwamnatin Queensland ta sayi kadarar a shekarar 1945, tare da wasu gine-gine mallakar kamfanin a yankin. Smellie & Co Pty Ltd ta shiga cikin rusa ginin da son rai a shekarar 1946. 

Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a ta yi amfani da wannan ginin don dalilai daban-daban tun daga shekarar 1945. Waɗannan amfani sun ba ginin sunaye daban-daban - Gidan Sojan Ruwa, Makarantar Sakandare ta Masana'antu, da Gidan Ma'adinai. [1]

Makarantar Sakandare ta Masana'antu ta koma cikin ginin a shekarar 1947. Makarantar ta kasance a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Tsakiya (yanzu harabar Gardens Point ta Jami'ar Fasaha ta Queensland ) amma yanayin wurin yana da matuƙar tsauri.  

A shekarar 2015, akwai kamfanoni da dama da ke zaune a ginin, ciki har da Cox Architecture.

## Bayani

## Manazarta
Babban Greenway na Yamma

**Babban Yammacin Greenway** ( Irish   Iarthair ) wata hanyar jirgin ƙasa ce mai launin kore a Gundumar Mayo, Ireland . Tsawonta  kuma ta fara ne daga Westport kuma ta ƙare a Achill, tana ratsa garuruwan Newport da Mulranny yayin da take ratsa bakin tekun Clew Bay .  Hanya ce da ba ta kan hanya ba wacce aka yi niyya ga masu kekuna da masu tafiya a ƙasa.  Tana bin hanyar da tsohon layin dogo na Westport na layin dogo na Midland Great Western Railway ya faɗaɗa, wanda aka gina a shekarun 1890 kuma aka rufe a 1937.  Kimanin mutane 300 ne ke hawa da tafiya a kan hanyar kowace rana, wanda aka gina akan kuɗin Yuro miliyan 5.7.  An buɗe sashe na farko, daga Newport zuwa Mulranny, a watan Afrilun 2010.  An sanya masa suna a matsayin wanda ya lashe kyautar Turai ta Kyau ta Ireland ta 2011.  Taoiseach Enda Kenny, TD da Ministan Yawon Bude Ido da Wasanni, Michael Ring, TD, ne suka bude cikakken hanyar a ranar 29 ga Yuli, 2011. 

A cewar wani bincike na 2013,  Great Western Greenway tana da matsakaicin tafiye-tafiyen keke 471 a kowace rana, ko kuma jimillar masu amfani da shi 172,000 a kowace shekara. Tana kawo kimanin €405,000 daga masu yawon bude ido na cikin gida da kuma €737,000 daga masu yawon bude ido na cikin gida kowace shekara, wanda hakan ke ba wa cibiyar lokacin biyan diyya na shekaru 6 daga gininta na farko.

Bayan sake gina wani ɓangare na N59 a Kilbride,  kuma an kammala shi a watan Satumba na 2013, wani ɓangare na hanyar kore wadda a da ta raba sarari a kan hanya tare da motoci da sauran ababen hawa, yanzu an raba ta lafiya. Duk da haka, akwai wani sashe mai nisan  ta cikin garin Newport inda masu amfani da hanyar kore ke raba sararin hanya tare da sauran ababen hawa. 

A watan Oktoba na 2024, an buɗe cibiyar kekuna da ke samar da kekuna masu ƙafa uku masu sauƙin shiga a Mulranny. 

## Manazarta
Makarantar Sakandare ta Jihar Newmarket

**Makarantar Sakandare ta Jihar Newmarket** makaranta ce ta sakandare a yankin Newmarket da ke Brisbane, ( Queensland, Ostiraliya ). Tana da nisan kilomita 5 daga birnin  a arewa maso yammacin Brisbane, wani ɓangare na Kudu maso Gabashin Queensland. Shiga makarantar yana kusa da titin Banks, makarantar tana kan ƙasa tsakanin titin Banks da titin Brent a cikin abin da yanzu ake kira Laurence Street, Daniel Place, Nelson Place, da kuma ci gaban da ke da alaƙa. Wurin makarantar yana cikin yankin ƙaramar hukumar Birnin Brisbane a duk tsawon lokacin aikinsa.

## Asalin Ma'anar
An sanya wa makarantar suna ne bayan unguwar da take, kuma an sanya wa unguwar Newmarket sunan ne saboda wuraren sayar da shanu na tarihi waɗanda ke aiki daga 1877 zuwa 1931 a kusurwar arewa maso gabas ta Enoggera da Newmarket Roads,  waɗanda, saboda ci gaban birane na Newmarket, aka mayar da su Cannon Hill a 1931. 

## Tarihi

### Buɗewa
An fara buɗe makarantar ne a ranar 29 ga Janairu 1963.

### Rufewa
A shekarar 1995, bayan an yanke shawarar rufe makarantar, makarantar ta daina ɗaukar sabbin ɗalibai. [1] An gudanar da bikin rufewa a ranar 7 ga Disamba, 1996.[2] An rufe makarantar a ranar 13 ga Disamba, 1996.[3] [4] [5] John-Paul Langbroek ya bayyana rufe makarantar a matsayin misali a yankin birni na rufe makarantu a wani yanki na "ƙarancin ƙaruwar yawan jama'a ko tsammanin yin rajista a yankin da ke da matsuguni tare da wata makaranta daban da ke kusa da juna". [6]

### Sake Gina Rukunin Yanar Gizo
An gudanar da wani bincike kan yuwuwar amfani da Makarantar Sakandare ta Jihar Newmarket ta yi, wanda Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Gaggawa da Ofishin Wasanni da Nishaɗi ta Queensland ta gudanar kan mayar da Makarantar Sakandare ta Jihar Newmarket zuwa hedikwata mai dacewa ga Kwalejin Wasanni ta Queensland . [1] Duk da haka, daga ƙarshe an sake gina wurin gaba ɗaya don gidaje da ƙaramin wurin shakatawa na gida (Nelson Place Park). [2] An tallata filin makarantar ta hanyar kamfen na nuna sha'awa daga PRD Realty . A lokacin aikinta, makarantar ta fara shiga ta hanyar mota daga Banks Street (57 Banks Street), adireshin da ba ya nan, wanda aka sake gina shi zuwa hanya da ke kaiwa ga Laurence Street, Daniel Place, da Nelson Place, tare da tsohon ƙofar makarantar yanzu tana aiki a matsayin ƙofar Nelson Place zuwa ƙasar da ke tsakanin Banks Street da Brent Street, ta waɗannan sabbin titunan da aka ƙirƙira. [3] [4]

## Kayayyakin more rayuwa

### Gine-gine
Makarantar tana da wasu gine-gine na dindindin da kuma azuzuwan wucin gadi guda biyu da aka riga aka shirya. 

### Wurin zama
An samar da kayan zama a waje. A shekarar 1989, an buƙaci gyare-gyare saboda ɗaukar kujeru 150 bai isa ga ɗaliban da suka halarci taron ba, wanda hakan ya tilasta wa ɗalibai zama a kan ciyawa mai danshi ko tubalin da ya jike a lokacin hutun hunturu. 

### Laburare
A kasafin kuɗin ilimi na gwamnatin jihar na shekarar 1987, an ware kuɗi don gina sabon ɗakin karatu a makarantar. An buɗe ɗakin karatu a ranar 27 ga Afrilu, 1988 ta hannun Ministan Ilimi na wancan lokacin, Brian George Littleproud .  

## Manazarta
Green Movement na Sri Lanka

**Ƙungiyar Green Movement of Sri Lanka** ƙungiya ce ta ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu 147 waɗanda ke da burin ƙara wayar da kan jama'a game da muhalli da kuma ci gaba da ƙoƙarin kiyayewa a Sri Lanka .  Ƙungiyar tana samar da albarkatun ilimin muhalli, kuma tana amfani da hanyoyin shari'a da dabarun matsin lamba na siyasa kamar yin amfani da ƙarfi don cimma burinsu.  Wata manufar kuma ita ce ci gaba mai ɗorewa. 

## Manazarta
Asusun Muhalli na Italiya

**Fondo Ambient Italiano** (FAI) ita ce Amintacciyar ƙasa ta Italiya .

An kafa ƙungiyar a shekarar 1975 a matsayin Fondo Ambiente Italiano,  bisa ga tsarin National Trust of England, Wales, & Northern Ireland . Ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta kuma tana da mambobi sama da 190,000 a shekarar 2018.  Manufarta ita ce kare abubuwan da suka shafi gadon Italiya na zahiri waɗanda wataƙila za a rasa.

## Tarihi
Gidauniyar ta koma ga shirin Elena Croce, 'yar masanin falsafar Italiya Benedetto Croce . Elena Croce tana son amfani da tsarin UK National Trust for Places of Historical Interest ko Natural Beauty a Italiya. Giulia Maria Mozzoni Crespi, Renato Bazzoni, Alberto Predieri da Franco Russoli sun rattaba hannu kan dokar kafa FAI a shekarar 1975. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan kafa ta, FAI ta sami muhimman tushe da gudummawa na farko.

An bayar da gudummawar farko a shekarar 1976 ta hannun lauya Piero de Blasi. Ya bai wa FAI ƙasa mai girman mita 1,000 a kan Panarea, ɗaya daga cikin Tsibirin Aeolian da ke gefen Sicily, wanda hakan ya hana ginawa da lalata yawancin tsibirin. A shekarar 1977, Countess Emanuela Castelbarco, duchess d'Aquarone (jikanyar Arturo Toscanini ), ta ba da gudummawar Castle na zamanin da na Avio a Trentino, mallakar dangin Castelbarco tun daga shekara ta 1199 c., ga FAI. FAI ta fara maido da babban gidan sarauta yayin da ta ba da damar iyalan Castelbarco su ci gaba da mamaye sassan gidan sarauta. Duk da haka, FAI kaɗai ce ke da alhakin kuɗaɗen gyara, gudanarwa da kuma buɗe gidan sarauta ga jama'a. Ta haka FAI ta kafa sabon tsarin kariyar abubuwan tarihi a Italiya. Haka kuma a shekarar 1977, FAI ta fara aikin gyara a Sufanci na Torba, Castelseprio, a lardin Varese na arewacin Italiya. Wanda ya kafa gidauniyar, Giulia Maria Mozzoni Crespi, ce ta fara siyan gidan ibadar da kuɗinta, sannan ta ba da gudummawa ga FAI don ceton ta daga rugujewa gaba ɗaya. A yau gidan ibadar yana ɗaya daga cikin muhimman shaidun Lombards a Italiya, don haka ya zama Wurin Tarihi na Duniya na UNESCO . 

## Kadarorin
Tun daga farkon shekarar 2007, ƙungiyar tana da gidaje ashirin da biyu, ciki har da gidajen sarauta, lambuna, gine-ginen sufaye da sauran kadarorin al'adu. Waɗannan sun bazu ko'ina cikin Italiya, amma yawancinsu suna arewacin ƙasar.

## Manazarta
Jami'ar Nazarin Muhalli ta Tottori

Jami'ar Nazarin Muhalli ta Tottori (Jami'ar Muhalli ta鳥取, Tottori Kankyō Daigaku) ƙaramar jami'a ce ta jama'a a Tottori, Totturi Prefecture, Japan .  Yana ƙarƙashin ikon birnin da kuma Gundumar Tottori.

## Tarihi

* Afrilu, 2001 - Buɗewa 
* 2005 - Kafa Sashen Binciken Digiri na Ecoinformatics, wanda ke da shirin digiri na biyu a fannin Ecoinformatics. Musamman fannoni na karatu sun haɗa da ilimin zamantakewa na muhalli, ƙirar muhalli, da Tsarin Bayanai.

## Sassan
Sashen Nazarin Muhalli; Sashen Gudanar da Kasuwanci; Cibiyar Bil Adama. 

## Makarantan digiri na biyu

* Darasin Binciken Ecoinformatics

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Shafin Yanar Gizo na Hukuma

## Manazarta
Jean Châtel

**Jean Châtel** (1575 - 29 Disamba 1594) ya yi ƙoƙari ya kashe Sarki Henry na IV na Faransa a ranar 27 ga Disamba 1594. Shi dan mai sayar da tufafi ne kuma yana da shekaru 19 lokacin da aka kashe shi a ranar 29 ga Disamba.

A ranar 27 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1594, Châtel ya sami damar shiga cikin ɗakin Sarki. Lokacin da Henry ya durƙusa don taimakawa jami'ai biyu da suka durƙusa a gabansa, Châtel ya kai masa hari da wuka, ya buge bakinsa. An kama shi nan da nan (an hana shi barin dakin ta hanyar kotun Mathurine de Vallois) kuma an hukunta shi saboda laifin lèse majesté . Kamar yadda doka ta tsara, hannun farko na Châtel, wanda ya buge Sarki, an ƙone shi da sulfur, gubar da albasa. Daga nan aka kashe shi ta hanyar ragargaza shi.

A karkashin tambayoyi, Châtel ya bayyana cewa Jesuits na Collège de Clermont (yanzu Lycée Louis-le-Grand) ne suka ilimantar da shi. A cikin yanayi na ranar, tare da Yaƙe-yaƙe na Addini har yanzu suna ci gaba, ba za a iya gujewa ba cewa za a zargi Jesuits da karfafa hari na Châtel. Tsoffin malamansa, Fathers Hay da Guéret, sun yi sa'a da aka kore su; an rataye malami na uku, Uba Guignard, kuma an ƙone shi a kan gungume saboda abin da ya ɗauka a cikin al'amarin.[1] An rufe Collège de Clermont, kuma an kwace ginin. An dakatar da Dokar Jesuit a Faransa, kodayake an ɗaga wannan haramcin da sauri.

## Manazarta
Pierre Barrière

Pierre Barrière (ya mutu ranar 31 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1593) ya kasance mai kisan Sarki Henry na hudu na Faransa.

Barrière ya yi yunkurin kashe Henry IV a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta na shekara ta 1593. [1] Yunkurin kisan kai ya gaza lokacin da wani Firist na Dominican wanda ya furta masa ya zarge shi. An kashe shi a ranar 31 ga watan Agusta 1593 ta hanyar karkatar da motar da kuma ragargaza shi.  

## Bayanan da aka ambata
John Ballard (Jesuit)

**John Ballard** (ya mutu a ranar 20 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1586) wani firist ne na Ingila wanda aka kashe saboda ya shiga cikin yunkurin kashe Sarauniya Elizabeth I ta Ingila a cikin Babington Plot .

## Tarihin rayuwa
John Ballard ɗan William Ballard ne na Wratting, Suffolk. Ballard ya yi karatu a Kwalejin St Catharine, Cambridge a shekarar 1569, amma daga baya ya yi ƙaura zuwa Kwalejin Caius, Cambridge,[1] kuma a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba, 1579 ya ci gaba da karatu a Kwalejin Ingila da ke Rheims. An naɗa shi firist na duniya a Châlons a ranar 4 ga Maris, 1581, kuma aka mayar da shi Ingila a ranar 29 ga Maris a matsayin mishan na Katolika. [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed] Kasancewarsa mishan na Katolika a Ingila ta Furotesta, yana da tsada a kansa. Domin ɓoye asalinsa, ya yi amfani da sunan soja mai suna Kyaftin Fortescue kuma an taɓa siffanta shi da 'kyakkyawan hula da aka lulluɓe da zinare, wani yanki na satin da aka yanke da maɓallan azurfa a kan hularsa'.[2] Kasancewarsa mutum mai tsayi, mai duhu, waɗanda ba su san ainihin asalinsa ba suna kiransa 'Baƙar fata'. [ana buƙatar hujja]

### Shirin Babington
A cikin Babington Plot, Ballard ya sa Anthony Babington, Chidiock Tichborne da sauransu su kashe Sarauniya a matsayin gabatarwa ga cikakken mamaye Ingila da sojojin Katolika na Spain ke jagoranta. Koyaya, mai leken asiri na Sarauniya Elizabeth Francis Walsingham ne ya gano kuma ya kula da shi tun daga farko. Lalle ne, abokin Ballard da ba za a iya raba shi ba kuma mai gyarawa, Barnard Maude, wanda ya yi tafiya a ko'ina tare da shi, ɗan leƙen asirin gwamnati ne.

Walsingham ya yi amfani da makircin don kawo babban burinsa: faduwar Maryamu, Sarauniyar Scots. Lokacin da Maryamu ta ba da izinin makircin ta hanyar amsawa ga wata wasika da Babington ta aiko mata, an ƙidaya kwanakinta. Tare da wannan muhimmiyar shaidar da yake da ita, Walsingham ya kama Ballard da sauran masu makirci. An azabtar da Ballard.

## A cikin al'adun gargajiya

* Tom Fleming ne ya buga Ballard a fim din Mary, Sarauniyar Scots (1971).
* A cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin na BBC na 1972 *Elizabeth R* episode "Horrible Conspiracies," David Garfield ne ya nuna Ballard.
* A cikin fim din *Elizabeth* na 1998 Daniel Craig ne ya nuna shi, inda aka nuna shi ba daidai ba kamar yadda aka kashe shi saboda shiga cikin shirin Ridolfi; saboda wannan, an halicci wani hali mai suna **Robert Reston** (Rhys Ifans) a cikin 2007 wanda ya biyo baya, Elizabeth: The Golden Age, don nuna ayyukan Ballard a cikin shirin Babington.

## Manazarta
Hanyar Al'adu ta Indianapolis

**Hanyar Al'adu ta Indianapolis**, wacce a hukumance ake kira **Hanyar Al'adu ta Indianapolis: Gado na Gene & Marilyn Glick**,  hanyar amfani da birane da wurin shakatawa mai layi wanda ke kusa da tsakiyar birnin Indianapolis, Indiana . Sau da yawa ana kwatanta hanyar da sauran shahararrun hanyoyin kekuna da masu tafiya a ƙasa a faɗin Amurka kuma ya ba da kwarin gwiwa ga irin waɗannan ayyuka a duk faɗin Amurka da Kanada.     

## Bayani
Hanyar Al'adu ta Indianapolis hanya ce ta birane da ake amfani da ita sau da yawa .    Ana iya gane hanyar da fale-falen siminti masu launin shuɗi, wanda ke ba da damar gani da ido.  Kayan daki na titi, wuraren shara, alamun alama, da haske suma suna da daidaito a duk hanyar hanyar.

### Hanya

Hanyar Al'adu ta Indianapolis ta ƙunshi madauri a tsakiyar gari da kuma madauri uku. Madauri a arewa maso gabas yana bin titin Massachusetts, yana ƙarewa a hanyarsa ta zuwa titin Monon kusa da titunan 10th da Bellefontaine. Madauri a kudu maso gabas yana bin titin Virginia, yana ƙarewa a mahadarsa da titunan Prospect da Shelby a unguwar Fountain Square . Hanyar keke mai hanyoyi biyu a kan titin Shelby tana haɗa hanyar da Pleasant Run Greenway . Wani ɗan gajeren madauri a kudu yana bin titin Capitol Ave., wanda ya haɗa Cibiyar Taro ta Indiana da Filin Wasan Lucas Oil, wanda ya ƙare a Titin South.  A cikin 2020 an fara shirye-shiryen tsawaita hanyar mil biyu zuwa hanyar da ke kawo yankunan titin Indiana da titin South kusa da tsakiyar birnin. 

Hanyar ta haɗu da Tafiya ta Canal, mai  madaurin masu tafiya a ƙasa da tsohon magudanar ruwa ta Indiana Central .  

### Tafiya Tafiya Ta Zaman Lafiya ta Glick
Ana iya isa ga wannan tafiya a titin W Walnut tsakanin titin N Meridian da titin N Capitol.  

### Abubuwan jan hankali

Indianapolis tana da gundumomi bakwai na al'adu da aka keɓe, waɗanda aka fara kafawa a shekarar 1999. Manufar waɗannan sunayen shine don amfani da cibiyoyin al'adu a cikin unguwannin tarihi masu mahimmanci waɗanda suka kebanta da gadon birnin don ci gaban tattalin arziki da farfaɗowa.&nbsp;Gundumomi shida daga cikin bakwai suna kan titin al'adu na Indianapolis: 

## Manazarta
Antoni Berezowski

**Antoni Berezowski** (Mayu 9, 1847 a Avratin, Gwamnatin Volhynian, Daular Rasha - 1916 a Bourail, New Caledonia) ɗan ƙasar Poland ne wanda ya yi ƙoƙari mara nasara don kashe Sarkin sarakuna na Rasha Alexander II .

## Tarihin rayuwa
Anton Berezowski (Russian) ɗan wani matalauci ne na ƙasar Poland daga yankin Volyn na arewa maso yammacin Ukraine . Iyayensa sun koyar da kiɗa. Yayinda yake dan shekara 16, a 1863, ya shiga cikin tawaye na Poland game da mulkin Rasha. Ya yi hijira zuwa Paris a 1865 inda ya yi aiki a cikin bita na aikin ƙarfe.[1]

A shekara ta 1867 lokacin da Tsar Alexander II ya isa Paris don baje kolin duniya, Berezowski ya yi tunanin kashe shi don yantar da ƙasarsa. A ranar 6 ga Yuni da karfe 5:00 na yamma a Longchamp Racecourse (a Bois de Boulogne) ya harbe sarkin da ya dawo daga binciken soja (tare da sarkin akwai 'ya'yansa maza biyu da Napoleon III, Sarkin sarakuna na Faransa). Binciken bindigarsa mai bindigogi biyu ya fashe a harbi, kuma harsashi, bayan ya karkatar, ya ji wa doki na Rasha rauni. Berezovsky, wanda fashewar ta ji rauni a hannunsa, taron jama'a sun kama shi kuma sun kama shi. A kotu a ranar 15 ga Yuli Berezovsky ya bayyana cewa manufarsa ta harbi a sarkin ita ce ta saki ƙasarsa ta asali; kawai ya nuna nadama ɗaya, cewa ya faru a Faransa mai abokantaka ta Poland. Berezovsky ya guje wa hukuncin kisa kuma an yanke masa hukuncin aiki tuƙuru na rayuwa a New Caledonia a tsibirin Grand Terre . A shekara ta 1886 an sauya aiki tuƙuru zuwa rayuwa. A shekara ta 1906 an gafarta masa, amma bai so ya dawo daga New Caledonia ba, ya kasance a can har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1916.&nbsp;

## Manazarta
Cibiyar Kimiyya da Muhalli

**Cibiyar Kimiyya da Muhalli** ( **CSE** ) ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce ba ta neman riba ba wacce ke bincike da fafutukar kare muradun jama'a da ke New Delhi, Indiya. An kafa CSE a shekarar 1980, tana aiki a matsayin cibiyar tunani kan batutuwan ci gaban muhalli a Indiya, rashin tsari mai kyau, sauyin yanayi da ke lalata Sundarbans na Indiya da kuma masu fafutukar ganin an sauya manufofi da kuma inganta aiwatar da manufofin da ke akwai.   

## Tarihi
Daraktar cibiyar ita ce Sunita Narain . A ƙarƙashin jagorancinta, Cibiyar Kimiyya da Muhalli ta fallasa yawan magungunan kashe kwari da ke cikin nau'ikan abubuwan sha masu laushi na Amurka kamar Coke da Pepsi. 

A shekarar 2018, CSE ta sami kyautar Indira Gandhi don zaman lafiya, kwance damarmaki da ci gaba . 

Wasu daga cikin ayyukanta sun haɗa da binciken lalata abinci  da amincin kayayyakin masu amfani. 

## Duba kuma

* Majalisar Bincike da Ilimi ta Indiya
* 
* *Gobar Times*
* Jerin cibiyoyin kimiyya #Asiya

## Manazarta
S. M. Mohamed Idris

**SM Mohamed Idris** (6 ga Disamba 1926 - 17 ga Mayu 2019)  ɗan ƙasar Malaysia ne mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin masu amfani, kare muhalli, da haƙƙin ma'aikata. Ya daɗe yana shugabantar ƙungiyoyi biyu na jama'a, Sahabat Alam Malaysia (SAM) da Ƙungiyar Masu Amfani da Penang (CAP) . Mutane da yawa daga cikin ƙungiyoyin NGO, gwamnati, da kuma shugabannin zamantakewa na ƙasar Malaysia sun lura da mutuwarsa a watan Mayu 2019.   

An san shi da kasancewa cikin ƙungiyar matsin lamba da ta haifar da kafa Ma'aikatar Muhalli a shekarar 1975, hana magunguna masu guba, buga kwanakin ƙarewa akan duk kayayyakin abinci, iyakance tallace-tallacen sigari, kare fa'idodin ma'aikata a ƙarƙashin Asusun Tallafin Jama'a da Ma'aikata, da kuma inganta matsayin doka ga masu haya da masu siyan gidaje. 

Aikinsa ya kasance bisa ga ƙa'idodin kare masu sayayya daga munanan ayyukan kasuwanci. 

## Manazarta
Kungiyoyin Dutsen Tarayya na New Zealand

**Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Dutsen da ke Ƙasar New Zealand** (Inc) (wanda aka fi sani da sunanta, **FMC** ), ƙungiya ce ta NGO mai zaman kanta da kare muhalli a New Zealand . 

Ita ce kawai ƙungiyar ƙasa da ta ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin tattaka, da na hawan dutse da makarantu sama da 95. Membobi, duka na kuɗi da na alaƙa, a halin yanzu suna da 23,856.  An kafa ta a shekarar 1931 ta ƙungiyoyin tattaka da ke akwai waɗanda suka haɗu don yaƙi da barazanar da ka iya tasowa ga tsaunuka da dazuzzukan New Zealand .  Tun daga lokacin FMC ta ci gaba da aiki tukuru don:

* haɓaka zama memba na ƙungiyoyi a matsayin hanyar jin daɗin waje
* bayar da shawarwari kan matsalolin shiga da suka shafi harkokin waje na New Zealand
* yin hulɗa da Ma'aikatun Gwamnati da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu kan duk wani lamari da ya shafi harkokin waje

## Manazarta
Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Duniya don Muhalli

**Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Duniya don Muhalli** ( **ISDE** ) ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta, wacce likitoci daga ƙasashe daban-daban suka kafa a Cortona a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba 1990, domin tattara dukkan likitoci masu sha'awar matsalolin lafiya da suka shafi matsalolin muhalli, yaɗa wayar da kan jama'a game da alaƙar da ke tsakanin gurɓatar muhalli da lafiyar ɗan adam, farawa da tallafawa shirye-shirye daga matakin gida zuwa na duniya, da kuma rage ko kawar da tushen gurɓatar muhalli da gurɓatar muhalli. ISDE tana da matsayin tuntuba tare da WHO da Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Zamantakewa ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya . 

## Ayyuka

* A shekarar 2011, ISDE ta zaɓi Environmental Persistent Pharmaceutical Pollutants (EPPPs) zuwa ƙungiyar UNEP SAICM .

## Ƙungiyoyin membobi
Akwai ƙungiyoyin mambobi a ƙasashe 38 (yawanci Turai da Amurka).  Wasu daga cikin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi an jera su a ƙasa:
 

## Manazarta