Batutuwan muhalli a Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan, tana da manyan batutuwan muhalli kamar radiation daga wuraren gwajin nukiliya, raguwar teku ta Aral, da hamada tsohuwar ƙasar noma. Wadannan batutuwan sun kasance ne saboda yawancin shekarun Kazakhstan a karkashin Tarayyar Soviet.

Wani bangare saboda babban tsaunuka na kasar, gwamnatin Soviet ta yi amfani da Kazakhstan a matsayin wurin gwajin nukiliya. Tare da kusan rashin Kula da gurɓataccen yanayi, wannan ya ba da gudummawa ga yawan cututtuka masu yawa a yankunan karkara da yawa. Kazakhstan ta gano akalla manyan bala'o'i biyu a cikin iyakokinta: raguwar Tekun Aral, da gurɓataccen rediyo a wurin gwajin nukiliya na Semipalatinsk (a zahiri babban yanki a kudancin Kurchatov (Курчатов)) da kuma kan iyakar kasar Sin.

Cibiyar Muhalli ta Yankin Asiya ta Tsakiya tana cikin Kazakhstan,  wanda ke inganta hadin gwiwar yanki kan batutuwan muhalli.

Yawancin ruwan Kazakhstan sun gurɓata ta hanyar masana'antu da aikin gona kuma, a wasu wurare, Rediyo. Tekun Aral, wanda aka raba tare da Uzbekistan, ya ragu zuwa ruwa guda uku saboda raguwar ruwa a cikin koguna masu gudana. Shafin makamai masu guba na zamanin Soviet barazana ne saboda yana kan tsohon tsibirin a cikin Tekun Aral wanda yanzu yana da alaƙa da ƙasar. Ragewa a cikin ruwan Aral Sea ya kara tsananta yanayin yanayi na yanki, kuma an lalata ƙasa ta hanyar gishiri kuma iska ta rushe ta. Yaduwar hamada ta kawar da yankuna masu yawa na gonar noma. Tsire-tsire a cibiyoyin masana'antu ba su da iko akan magudanar ruwa a cikin iska da ruwa. Yankin Samey a arewa maso gabas yana da gurɓataccen radiation na dogon lokaci daga gwajin makamai na zamanin Soviet. Ma'aikatar Kare Muhalli ba ta da kuɗi kuma an ba ta fifiko. Wasu sabbin ka'idojin muhalli na masana'antar mai sun fara ne a shekara ta 2003, amma sabbin ayyukan mai a bakin tekun Caspian na Kazakhstan sun kara da gurɓataccen teku. Shirye-shiryen kasa da kasa don ceton tekun Aral da Caspian ba su sami hadin kai mai ma'ana daga Kazakhstan ko wasu kasashe membobin ba.

Kazakhstan tana da 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index na 8.23/10, wanda ya sanya shi na 26 a duniya daga cikin kasashe 172.

## Tekun Aral
Tekun Aral ya rufe  kilomita 68,000 (26,300 sq  tare da Kazakhstan zuwa arewa da Uzbekistan zuwa kudu.

Ayyukan ban ruwa na Soviet da aka fara a cikin shekarun 1960 da sauran ƙalubalen muhalli sun lalata wannan teku mai girma kuma a shekara ta 2007, ya ragu zuwa kashi 10 cikin dari na girmansa na asali.

## Kokarin farfado da Tekun Aral
Kokarin ya hada da aikin Syr Darya Control & Northern Aral Sea (NAS).  Shirin NAS na dala miliyan 86, wanda Bankin Duniya ya ba da gudummawa tare ta hanyar rancen dala miliyan 65 da Gwamnatin Kazakhstan wanda ya rufe sauran, an tsara shi ne don rage lalacewar muhalli da tattalin arziki ga yankin, ci gaba da haɓaka noma da kamun kifi a cikin kwarin Syr Darya da kuma tabbatar da ci gaba da wanzuwar Tekun Aral na Arewa (wanda aka fi sani da Karamin Tekun) ta hanyar inganta yanayin muhalli a yankin delta

Bugu da kari, an tsara shirye-shiryen farfadowa guda uku don aiwatarwa a cikin Aral Sea Basin (ASBP 1, ASBP 2 da ASBP 3).  Mafi cikakken bayani da cikakke daga cikin waɗannan, ASBP 3, ya rufe lokacin 2011-2015 kuma an haɓaka shi a lokacin shugabancin Kazakhstan na kwamitin zartarwa na IFAS .

## Manazarta

## Manazarta