Yakin Yammacin Afirka na 2015

Farawa a ƙarshen Janairu 2015, hadin gwiwa sojojin Afirka ta Yamma sun kaddamar da hari kan 'yan tawaye na Boko Haram a Najeriya.

## Tarihi
Kungiyar 'yan tawaye ta Boko Haram ta kafa ta malamin musulmi Mohammed Yusuf a shekara ta 2002. Da farko, Yusuf ya ki amincewa da ilimin Yammacin Turai a Najeriya. Farfesa Paul Lubeck wanda ke karatu a kan al'ummomin Musulmi na Afirka ya yi iƙirarin cewa Yusuf ya kamata a "tsakanin ilimin Yammacin Turai ta hanyar ilimin Islama". Boko Haram ta sake gyarawa cikin lumana kafin shekara ta 2009; Yusuf ya soki Musulmai na arewa tun lokacin da suka shiga cikin abin da yake tunanin ba na Islama ba ne kuma ba bisa ka'ida ba. Saboda zalunci na 'yan sanda  da kuma tashin hankali tsakanin addinai tsakanin Kiristoci da Musulmai  kungiyar ta tsattsauran ra'ayi don hambarar da gwamnatin Najeriya da kuma kafa jihar Islama [1] tare da shari'a a matsayin doka. A ranar 26 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2009 Boko Haram ta kaddamar da tashin hankali a jihar Bauchi karkashin jagorancin Yusuf. Daga baya ya bazu zuwa jihohin Yobe, Kano da Borno. Sun kai hari kan ofishin 'yan sanda a Maiduguri. Bayan tashin hankali na kwana biyar, 'yan sanda da Sojojin Najeriya sun murkushe kuma sun murkushi kungiyar. Lamarin ya kashe tsakanin akalla mutane 700  da 800; [1]  Ba da daɗewa ba bayan tashin hankali, Sojojin Najeriya sun biyo baya; An kama Yusuf da wasu daga cikin mutanensa a ranar 30 bayan sojoji sun shiga makarantarsu da masallacin su. Daga baya aka kashe su a talabijin. Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam sun soki wannan kuma sun bayyana shi a matsayin kisan kai na waje.

Ɗaya daga cikin mutanensa shi ne magajinsa kuma mataimakinsa Abubakar Shekau an yi imanin ya mutu bayan an harbe Shekau a cikin tashin hankali na 2009. A cikin wata hira da aka yi da shi a watan Yulin 2010 ta hanyar bidiyo ya tabbatar da cewa yana da rai kuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa shi ne shugaban Boko Haram.  A cikin farkon shekarun 2010, Boko Haram ya ci gaba da samun tasiri kuma ya kaddamar da kamfen ɗin kisa. Kungiyar ta fara kwace yankin da karfi a ƙarshen shekara ta 2014, inda ta ayyana arewa maso gabashin Najeriya a matsayin KHalifa a ƙarƙashin ikonsu. A ƙarshen shekara ta 2014, Boko Haram ta mallaki wani yanki kusan girman Belgium. A cikin 2014, kungiyar ta kashe kimanin mutane 10,000, galibi a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. A watan Afrilu, sojojin Boko Haram sun kashe kusan mutane 2,000 a shekarar 2015. Fiye da mutane miliyan 1.5 ne suka rasa muhallinsu ta hanyar ayyukan Boko Haram. Baya ga hare-haren kisan kai, kungiyar ta shirya satar mutane a kai a kai. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2014, kungiyar ta ja hankalin duniya ta hanyar sace 'yan makaranta 276 a Chibok. Gabaɗaya, ƙungiyar ta kama kusan mata da 'yan mata 2,000 a cikin 2014.  An kira Boko Haram daya daga cikin kungiyoyin ta'addanci mafi muni a duniya.

## Yakin da aka kai
A ranar 23 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2015, an bayyana cewa sojojin Najeriya suna cikin shirye-shiryen karshe don babban hari kan 'Yan tawaye na Boko Haram a Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. A cewar bayanan tsaro da aka ɓoye, ƙarshen da ya haifar da mataki shine bidiyon Boko Haram da ke da'awar cewa ya adana "isassun makamai don ɗaukar Najeriya da maƙwabtanta". Bidiyo ya kuma sa Kamaru, Chadi, da Nijar su amince da barazanar karuwar ikon Boko Haram da kuma yin alkawarin goyon bayan soja ga aikin. Manufar kamfen ɗin ita ce kawar da "mazauna masu aminci da hanyoyin tserewa na 'yan ta'adda a ciki ko daga Najeriya" da kuma samar da "sau ɗaya kuma ga duk ayyukan da suka dace" don kawar da barazanar Boko Haram. Da farko, ana sa ran aikin zai cika kafin zaben da aka shirya a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu.

Bayan 'yan kwanaki, an fara aiki. A ranar 4 ga Fabrairu bayan kwanaki na hare-haren sama, sojojin Chadi sun shiga Boko Haram da ke gudanar da Gamboru, Najeriya. An kashe kimanin 'yan tawaye 200 na Boko Haram a cikin harin. Rashin mutanen Chadi ya kai 9 da aka kashe kuma 21 suka ji rauni. Kwamandan Ahmat Dari ya ce "Mun kori wannan ƙungiyar 'yan ta'adda" kuma mun yi alkawarin "bikin su ko'ina".  Boko Haram ta amsa washegari ta hanyar kai hari kusa da Fotokol, Kamaru. Yaƙin ya bar fararen hula 81, sojoji 13 na Chadi, da sojoji 6 na Kamaru sun mutu. Koyaya, mai shaida ya kuma ba da rahoton cewa Boko Haram ta yi mummunan rauni wanda ya bar masu tayar da kayar baya "ko'ina". An ruwaito cewa Boko Haram ta ƙone masallacin garin kuma ta yanke makogwaro na fararen hula ba tare da nuna bambanci ba.

Ya zuwa 6 ga Fabrairu, Jiragen yaki na Chadi da Najeriya da sojojin ƙasa sun tilasta sojojin Boko Haram su bar kusan garuruwa da ƙauyuka da yawa. Sojojin Faransa sun kuma taimaka a cikin harin ta hanyar samar da jiragen leken asiri. A mayar da martani, Boko Haram ta kai hari kan kauyuka biyu a Najeriya da kuma wani a Kamaru, inda ta kashe fararen hula sama da 100. A cikin yakin da aka yi a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, an kashe kimanin 'yan tawaye 100, ma'aikatan soja da yawa, da farar hula daya. A ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, Najeriya ta ba da sanarwar cewa za a jinkirta zaben na makonni shida, inda ta nuna yanayin zabe mara kyau a arewa maso gabas. An gudanar da karamin zanga-zanga don mayar da martani ga sanarwar tare da 'yan sanda suna hana masu zanga-zangar shiga hedkwatar hukumar zabe.

An cimma yarjejeniya don samar da Sojojin Tarayyar Afirka 7,500 daga Chadi, Kamaru, Benin da Nijar don aikin a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu. A ranar 17 ga Fabrairu, sojojin Najeriya sun sake karbar Monguno a cikin wani hari na iska da ƙasa. Har ila yau a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu, sojojin Chadi sun fara kai hari kan gundumar Kala / Balge ta Najeriya da nufin kama garin Dikwa. Boko Haram ta sha wahala sosai kuma Dikwa ta fadi a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu. Yayin da sojoji suka kusanci Dajin Sambisa, Boko Haram ta kaddamar da jerin hare-haren ramuwar gayya. 'Yan bindiga sun harbe fararen hula da wuka kuma sun ƙone gidaje, a bayyane yake suna niyya ga' yan kabilar Shuwa - wannan kabilanci na yawancin sojojin Chadi.

A cikin mako na 15 ga Fabrairu, sojojin Najeriya sun kashe mayakan Boko Haram sama da 300 yayin da aka sake kama wasu garuruwa goma sha ɗaya. An kwace ko lalata makamai daban-daban, kuma an kama ƙarin masu tayar da kayar baya. Sojojin Najeriya biyu sun mutu a cikin fada kuma wasu goma sun ji rauni. Shugaban Boko Haram Abubakar Shekau ya yi alkawarin rushe zaben, sannan aka shirya shi a ranar 28 ga watan Maris, don ramawa. A gefe guda, wani aikin bam da ya yi kuskure ya kashe masu makoki 37 da suka halarci jana'izar a Abadam, Nijar. A ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, an gudanar da babban taro a babban birnin Kamaru na Yaounde don tallafawa Sojojin Afirka ta Tsakiya da ke yaƙi da Boko Haram. Kimanin mutane 5,000 ne suka yi tafiya ta titin babban birnin.

A ranar 6 ga watan Maris, Tarayyar Afirka ta amince da aika sojoji 8,000 don taimakawa wajen tabbatar da iyakar Najeriya, amma ta ki yarda da sojojin su shiga Najeriya. Yayin da Boko Haram ta ci gaba da rasa yankuna, kungiyar ta yi alkawarin biyayya ga Jihar Islama ta Iraki da Levant a ranar 7 ga Maris. Mai magana da yawun sojojin Najeriya Sami Usman Kukasheka ya ce alkawarin alama ce ta rauni kuma Shekau kamar "mutumin da ke nitsewa". A wannan rana, Boko Haram ta kaddamar da Maiduguri_suicide_bombing" id="mwARk" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="March 2015 Maiduguri suicide bombing">hari kan Maiduguri, tsohon sansanin kungiyar. Harin, wanda ya hada da bama-bamai masu kashe kansa, ya bar mutane sama da 50 da suka mutu. Wani sabon hari kan Boko Haram da hadin gwiwar sojojin Chadi, Kamaru, da Najeriya suka fara ne a ranar 8 ga watan Maris bayan jerin hare-haren sama a cikin kwanaki biyu da suka gabata. A ranar 16 ga watan Maris, sojojin Najeriya sun sake kwace Bama.

A ranar 24 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2015, mazaunan Damasak, Najeriya sun ce Boko Haram ta dauki mata da yara sama da 400 daga garin yayin da suke tserewa daga sojojin hadin gwiwa a farkon watan. A ranar 27 ga watan Maris, sojojin Najeriya sun kama Gwoza, wanda aka yi imanin cewa shi ne wurin hedkwatar Boko Haram. A cewar sojojin, nasarar ta nuna cewa "kusan dukkanin" yankin Boko Haram an sake dawo da su kwana daya kafin zaben. Kafin harin, an ruwaito cewa Boko Haram ta kashe dukkan 'yan garin da ba su iya ko kuma ba su son taimakawa kare shi daga ci gaban sojoji ba. Mai sharhi na BBC Tomi Oladipo ya kira nasarar babban abin da ya faru ga Najeriya. Boko Haram ta rike garin tun watan Agustan 2014 lokacin da sojojin Najeriya suka bar birnin. Nasarar ta zo ne kwanaki bayan shugaban Chadi Idriss Deby ya soki sojojin Najeriya saboda rashin jan nauyi a yakin da aka yi da Boko Haram.

A ranar zabe, mayakan Boko Haram sun kashe mutane 41, ciki har da wani dan majalisa, a kokarin rushe zabe. Bayan Muhammadu Buhari ya kayar da shugaban kasar Goodluck Jonathan a zaben, yakin da aka yi da Boko Haram ya ci gaba.  (Jonathan ya kasance a mulki har zuwa 29 ga Mayu.) A ranar 8 ga Afrilu, an gudanar da taron koli na shugabannin Afirka ta Tsakiya da Yamma tare da manufar ingantaccen dabarun daidaitawa don "kawarya" kungiyar masu tayar da kayar baya. Kafin taron, wani mai magana da yawun sojojin Chadi ya kira ikon Boko Haram na haifar da matsaloli ya ragu sosai. Koyaya, Najeriya ta ce kungiyar ta ci gaba da yin "yaƙin da ba daidai ba" ta hanyar amfani da masu fashewar bama-bamai da dabarun 'yan tawaye. Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da ƙuduri da ke kira ga ƙarin tallafin duniya ga yakin neman tawaye.

### Ceto masu garkuwa
 

A ranar 22 ga Afrilu, sojojin Najeriya sun fara turawa cikin Dajin Sambisa, wani gandun daji mai zurfi wanda ya rufe murabba'in kilomita 23,000. Yankin yana da matukar wahala ga mutanen da ba su saba da yankin ba kuma an dade ana daukar shi a matsayin wurin kaddamar da hare-haren Boko Haram da yawa kuma mai yiwuwa wurin ɓoye mazauna ƙauyen da aka yi garkuwa da su. An dauke shi sansanin karshe na Boko Haram. Wani mai magana da yawun gwamnati ya ce an kashe wani babban kwamandan Boko Haram a farkon turawa. Frank Charnas, masanin siyasa da ya saba da yankin, ya ce matakin ya nuna ƙarshen Boko Haram a matsayin rundunar soja. "Da gaske suna fada da abin da ya zama yaƙin su na ƙarshe", ya kara da cewa. "Yana wakiltar wani muhimmin mataki a madadin sojojin Najeriya saboda har zuwa yanzu ba su shiga cikin gandun daji na Sambisa ba kuma sun kasance matalauta wajen kai farmaki ga Boko. "  Sojojin Najeriya dole ne su koma baya bayan sun gamu da bama-bamai da tarkon da suka kashe masu tsaro uku da ke aiki tare da sojoji, amma sun ci gaba da turawa bayan sun sake haɗuwa. 

A ranar 25 ga Afrilu, Boko Haram ta kaddamar da wani hari a tsibirin da ke Tafkin Chadi. Sojojin Najeriya arba'in da shida da fararen hula 28 sun mutu a harin. Bayan harin, Nijar ta ba da shawarar cewa a kwashe tsibirin Tafkin Chadi. A farkon watan Mayu, fiye da mutane 5,000 sun bar garuruwan tsibirin kuma sun isa N'guigmi, Nijar da ƙafa. Ana sa ran ƙarin mutane 11,500 da suka kwashe.

Sabon turawa zuwa cikin gandun daji na Sambisa da sojojin Najeriya suka fara a ranar 27 ga Afrilu. Yayin da sojojin Najeriya suka ci gaba zuwa cikin gandun daji, sun fara 'yantar da mata da yara da yawa da Boko Haram ta yi garkuwa da su. A ranar 28 ga Afrilu, an saki kusan mutane 300 da aka yi garkuwa da su.[1] Ba a san ko an kama fursunonin da aka 'yantar a hare-haren Boko Haram ko kuma idan sun kasance mazauna yankin ba.[2] Yaƙi a ranar 29 ga Afrilu ya kashe 'yan tawaye na Boko Haram sama da 400, yayin da yake sakin adadin mata da ba a bayyana ba. Soja daya ya mutu kuma hudu sun ji rauni sosai a yakin. An kashe mace daya kuma takwas sun ji rauni.[3] A ranar 30 ga Afrilu, an saki wasu mata da yara 234 daga bauta wa Boko Haram yayin da sojoji suka lalata sansanonin Boko Haram 13.[2] Gabaɗaya, an ceto kusan mutane 700 da aka yi garkuwa da su.

An tilasta wa fursunoni yin aiki, da kuma cin zarafin jima'i da na jiki. An tilasta wa wasu su yi yaƙi tare da 'yan tawayen Boko Haram ko kuma an yi amfani da su azaman garkuwar mutum. A cewar rahotanni na farko, wasu daga cikin wadanda aka kama sun damu har zuwa inda suka harbe masu ceto, suna gaskanta cewa mayakan "mutane ne masu kyau waɗanda suka bi da su da kyau". Sauran sun zana hoto daban, suna cewa masu kama su sun ajiye su a cikin gida, an fitar da su ne kawai lokacin da ake buƙata don dawo da abinci. An yi musu duka sosai kuma an ba su abinci kaɗan - 'yan jarida sun bayyana yara da aka ceto a matsayin marasa abinci mai gina jiki. Sauran yara sun manta da sunayensu. Darakta na Afirka na Amnesty International Netsanet Belay ya ce "Rashin lafiyar da mata da 'yan mata suka sha ya zama abin tsoro da gaske. "  Wani ma'aikacin agaji ya bayyana fursunoni a matsayin "ba a cikin babban yanayi ba ... Dukansu suna da rauni. Suna jin yunwa. "  Daga cikin fursunoni 275 na farko, 61 ne kawai suka wuce shekaru 18; 214 suna da ciki.  &nbsp;Babu wani daga cikinsu da ya san inda 'yan matan Chibok suke, amma ya ce' yan ta'adda da suka ziyarci sansanin su sun yi iƙirarin cewa an sayar da' yan mata ko kuma an tilasta su yin aure da yawa tare da' yan tawaye.

A cewar wadanda aka 'yantar da su, Boko Haram ba ta da makamai sakamakon harin da aka kai. Da yake ba su da cikakken taimako daga jagorancin su, 'yan ta'adda suna watsar da masu garkuwa da su tare da gwagwarmaya kaɗan, ko ƙoƙarin sayar da su don naira 2,000 (US $ 10) ko ƙasa da haka. Ɗaya daga cikin masu garkuwa ya ba da rahoton jin 'yan ta'adda suna magana game da yadda shugabannin su suka yaudare su yin amfani da tashin hankali.

### Ƙarin ƙoƙari
Kokarin matsawa cikin dajin Sambisa ya ragu, yayin da sojoji suka gamu da ma'adanai da tarkon booby. Boko Haram ta koma baya, ta kaddamar da hare-haren kashe-kashe a kan fararen hula da kuma kokarin kama barikin Giwa a Maiduguri. An fatattake harin, amma kimanin fararen hula 30 ne aka kashe a cikin wuta, wanda ya kawo yawan fararen hula da aka kashe a harin zuwa 60. A ranar 15 ga watan Mayu, sojojin Boko Haram sun sake kwace garin Marte na kan iyaka, suna nuna cewa kokarin da aka yi na hana kungiyar 'yan ta'adda zuwa gandun daji bai yi nasara ba. Mataimakin gwamnan Jihar Borno, Zannah Umar Mustapha, ya ce 'yan ta'adda sun koma garuruwa daban-daban da aka share a baya don ci gaba da fada.

Kashegari, sojojin Najeriya sun lalata sansanonin Boko Haram goma a cikin gandun daji na Sambisa. Soja daya da kuma adadin 'yan ta'adda da ba a bayyana ba sun mutu a cikin hare-haren.

A watan Satumbar 2015, Daraktan Bayanai a hedkwatar tsaro ta Najeriya ya ba da sanarwar cewa an lalata dukkan sansanonin Boko Haram.

Har yanzu ana ci gaba da ceto har zuwa Oktoba 2015.  A ranar 28 ga Oktoba 2015, an ba da sanarwar cewa sojojin Najeriya sun ceci mutane 338 daga Boko Haram kusa da sansanin gandun daji na Sambisa, a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. Daga cikin wadanda aka ceto, 192 yara ne kuma 138 mata ne.

A ranar 24 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2015, Muhammadu Buhari, Shugaban Najeriya, ya yi iƙirarin cewa an "ƙara da fasaha ga Boko Haram".

## Manazarta

## Mahaɗa
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