Gangamin Darfur (2023-yanzu)

**Yakin Darfur** ko farmaki na Darfur wani filin wasa ne na aiki a yakin da aka yaƙi a Sudan wanda ya shafi jihohin biyar a Darfur: Kudancin Darfur, Gabashin Darfur, Arewacin Darfur. An fara harin ne a ranar 15 ga Afrilu 2023 a Yammacin Darfur inda sojojin Rapid Support Forces (RSF) suka kama Geneina, rikici ya zo ne bayan kwanaki da yawa na tashin hankali tsakanin sojojin da gwamnati.

Yaƙin Geneina da Yaƙin Nyala sune manyan yaƙe-yaƙe na kamfen ɗin, wanda dukansu sun kashe daruruwan fararen hula kuma dukansu sun ƙare tare da nasarar RSF tsakanin 20 ga Afrilu zuwa 2 ga Mayu 2023.

## Bayani game da yaƙi
A farkon safiya na 15 ga Afrilu 2023, sojoji masu aminci ga Sojojin Taimako da Saurin Gudanarwa sun fara jerin hare-hare a kan manyan gine-gine a Khartoum, da farko filin jirgin saman Khartoom. Yayinda RSF ta kama filin jirgin sama na kasa da kasa, yaƙe-yaƙe na titi sun ci gaba a ko'ina cikin Khartoum da biranen da ke makwabtaka da Omdurman da Bahri .  RSF ta kuma kwace fadar shugaban kasa, gidan tsohon shugaban Sudan Omar al-Bashir, kuma ta kai hari kan sansanin soja. Masu amfani a Facebook Live da Twitter sun rubuta Sojojin Sama na Sudan da ke tashi sama da birnin, kuma suna kai hari kan manufofin RSF.

## Asalin a Darfur
Tarihin rikice-rikice a Sudan ya kunshi mamayewa da tsayin daka na kasashen waje, rikicin kabilanci, rikice-rikice na addini, da gasa kan albarkatu.   A cikin tarihinsa na zamani, yakin basasa guda biyu tsakanin gwamnatin tsakiya da yankunan kudancin kasar ya kashe mutane miliyan 1.5, kuma rikicin da ake ci gaba da yi a yankin yammacin Darfur ya yi sanadin raba mutane miliyan biyu da muhallansu tare da kashe sama da mutane 200,000.  Tun bayan samun 'yancin kai a shekara ta 1956, Sudan ta yi juyin mulkin soja sama da goma sha biyar  sannan kuma sojoji ne ke mulkinta ga mafi yawan wanzuwar jamhuriyar, tare da wasu 'yan kankanen lokaci na mulkin farar hula na majalisar dokoki. 

Tsohon shugaban kasa kuma soja mai karfi Omar al-Bashir ya jagoranci Yaƙi a Darfur, wani yanki a yammacin kasar, kuma ya kula da tashin hankali da gwamnati ke tallafawa a yankin Darfur, wanda ya haifar da tuhumar Laifukan yaki da kisan kare dangi.  Kimanin mutane 300,000 ne aka kashe kuma miliyan 2.7 suka yi hijira a farkon bangaren rikicin Darfur; tsananin tashin hankali daga baya ya ragu. Manyan mutane a cikin rikice-rikicen Darfur sun hada da Mohamed Hamdan "Hemedti" Dagalo, wani shugaban yaƙi  wanda ya umarci Sojojin Taimako (RSF) wanda ya samo asali ne daga janjaweed, tarin mayakan Larabawa da aka samo daga kabilun da ke cinikin raƙuma da ke aiki a Darfur da wasu sassan Chadi. 

## Gangami
A ranar 15 ga Afrilu 2023, Geneina, babban birnin West Darfur, ya fi kamawa kuma sojojin RSF sun mamaye shi, tare da ɗan juriya, sai dai a Filin jirgin saman Geneina.[1] Kashe birnin ya kasance har zuwa 25 ga Afrilu 2023, lokacin da aka sake yin yaƙi da birnin kuma an ruwaito cewa 'ya mutu'. A ƙarshen yaƙin, an tabbatar da cewa an kashe mutane sama da 200, tare da adadin da aka kiyasta ya fi girma tsakanin sojoji da fararen hula.[2] A ranar 2 ga Mayu, RSF ta kama Geneina, yayin da kungiyar ta ci gaba da ci gaba a wasu yankuna da yawa na lardin.

A ranar 23 ga Afrilu 2023, Kabkabiya ta fada ƙarƙashin ikon RSF. An kashe ma'aikata uku na Shirin Abinci na Duniya (WFP) bayan an kama su a cikin wuta a wani sansanin soja. Sauran ma'aikata biyu sun ji rauni.

RSF da sauri ta fara tattara kabilun Larabawa na Darfur don fadada matsayinta kuma ta sami rinjaye a yankin. Tare, RSF da abokanta da sauri sun mamaye manyan sassa da Darfur, kuma sun fara fitar da su ko kuma kashe wadanda ba Larabawa ba. A cewar masanin tsaro Andrew McGregor, ayyukan RSF a Darfur sun bayyana suna da niyyar "tsabtace kabilanci" yankin 'yan asalin Black.[ing] A mayar da martani, 'yan bindiga da yawa wadanda ba Larabawa ba da kuma tsoffin kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye a Darfur sun haɗa kai da SAF don kare mallakar su. Manyan kungiyoyi biyar masu dauke da makamai sun kafa Darfur Joint Protection Force; kawancen sun hada da Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) a karkashin Gibril Ibrahim, ƙungiyar Sudan Liberation Army (SLA-MM) na Gwamnan Darfur Minni Minawi, da Gathering of Sudan Liberation Forces a karkashin al-Tahir Hajar. Koyaya, hadin gwiwar tsakanin SAF da Sojojin Tsaro na hadin gwiwa ya kasance da wahala, saboda bangarorin biyu ba su amince da juna ba. Ƙungiyoyin membobin Ƙungiyar Tsaro ta Haɗin gwiwa sun sami rarrabuwar cikin gida game da kawance tare da SAF, tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi suna barin ƙungiyoyin su don kasancewa tsaka-tsaki ko ma gefe tare da RSF.

### Siege na Zalingei
Tsakanin 17 da 23 ga Mayu 2023, an sace asibitin koyarwa na Zalingei kamar yadda aka yi da ɗakin ajiyar Médecins Sans Frontières .  An kuma yanke sadarwa. A ranar 29 ga watan Mayu, Zalingei ya zama sabon cibiyar fada a karkashin kewaye da 'yan bindiga. An lalata gidaje da ababen more rayuwa. An ruwaito cewa garin ya fuskanci karancin kiwon lafiya bayan fashi da hare-haren da Sojojin Taimako suka yi. A watan Yunin 2023, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba da rahoton rikice-rikice a cikin birni.

A ranar 6 ga watan Agustan 2023, RSF ta yi iƙirarin cewa sun karɓi cikakken iko da birnin da kuma yankin Darfur ta Tsakiya. SAF daga baya ta yi iƙirarin cewa ta tayar da kewaye da Zalingei kuma ta sake karɓar yammacin birnin daga RSF. A ranar 31 ga watan Agusta, sansanin SAF na Zalingei, wanda ya kunshi 21st Infantry Division, ya tsere daga ƙauyen. Wannan ya ba RSF damar tabbatar da dukan birnin ba tare da ƙarin adawa ba.

### Kama Ed Daein
Rashin jituwa tsakanin sojoji da RSF ya ɓace a kusa da Ed Daein bayan RSF ta yi barazanar kai hari a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba, ta aika da ultimatum ga sojoji har zuwa Lahadi don janyewa. Wannan ya haifar da 'yan ƙasa da yawa su bar idan akwai yaƙe-yaƙe a nan gaba. RSF ta kuma kwace filin mai na Adila da ke kusa da shi a Gabashin Darfur watanni biyu da suka gabata a ranar 11 ga watan Agusta 2023.

A ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, yaƙe-yaƙe a cikin birni sun fara yayin da RSF ta kaddamar da hari a kan birni. A ranar 21, RSF ta sami damar kama filin mai na Shag Omar, wanda aka fi sani da Sufyan, RSF ta kuma buga bidiyo game da kwace filin jirgin sama na kasa da kasa a Ed Daein. Wannan ya sa sojojin suka koma gabas.

Daga baya a ranar 21 ga watan, wannan ya kama sansanin sojan kasa na 20 a kusa da karfe 4:00 na safe, a cewar kwamandan RSF a Gabashin Darfur, Hassan Saleh Nahar, wanda ya sa sansanin soja na 4 a Darfur ya fada cikin RSF. Dukkanin kayayyaki da makamai an kuma kama su bisa ga sanarwa. RSF ta sami nasarar karɓar birnin a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba 2023. 

### Yaƙin Nyala da al-Fashir
A ranar 26 ga Oktoba, RSF An kama Nyala, birni na biyu mafi girma a Sudan kuma babban birnin Darfur na Kudu, bayan dogon kewaye. Kamar yadda birnin ya yi aiki a matsayin babban cibiyar soja, wannan babbar nasara ce ga RSF. Cibiyar West Darfur, Geneina, RSF ta ci nasara a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba. A yayin da kuma bayan yakin Geneina, RSF da abokanta daga baya sun kashe fararen hula da yawa. Rashin Geneina ya sa yawancin garuruwan SAF a Darfur su bar wuraren aikinsu kuma su bar ko su gudu zuwa Chadi. A halin yanzu, RSF da kawayenta sun kewaye al-Fashir, babban birnin dukan yankin Darfur. A al-Fashir, sansanin tsaro na SAF-Joint Protection Force ya sami goyon baya daga wata kungiya ta 'yan tawaye, ƙungiyar Sudan Liberation Army's al-Nur (SLA-AW). 

A tsakiyar watan Disamba na shekara ta 2023, McGregor ya tantance cewa RSF na kusa da nasara a rikicin da aka yi a kan Darfur, yana sarrafa hudu daga cikin jihohi biyar na yankin. Al-Fashir har yanzu ya kasance a ƙarƙashin ikon Sojojin Tsaro na hadin gwiwa, amma ba ya karɓar kayayyaki daga yankunan da ke hannun SAF a tsakiyar Sudan, wanda ke haifar da karancin abinci, man fetur, da magunguna. A halin yanzu, ikon SAF yana rushewa a wasu sassan Sudan, yana mai da wani ƙarin tallafi ga masu ba da damar Darfuri.

Ya zuwa Mayu 2024, al-Fashir ya zama sansanin karshe na gwamnatin Sudan a Darfur. RSF ta kewaye birnin wanda ya fara kaddamar da hare-hare a cikin ƙauyen.

## Matsayin kasashen waje a cikin kamfen ɗin

### Taimako na RSF
An yi zargin cewa RSF ta sami tallafin kasashen waje a Darfur, musamman a hannun Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa da Ƙungiyar Wagner. Ƙungiyar Wagner, ko da yake ta bayyana kanta a matsayin kamfani mai zaman kansa na soja, an dauke ta a matsayin rundunar soja mai zaman kanta ta gwamnatin Rasha.   Sojojin Colombia da ke da alaƙa da Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa sun yi yaƙi da RSF a Darfur.

Gwamnan Darfur Minni Minawi ya kuma zargi gwamnatin Chadi da ba da izinin wucewar makamai da mercenaries zuwa RSF. Sojojin Kasa na Libya (LNA) sun bayar da rahoton cewa sun ba RSF kayan aiki a Darfur, kodayake LNA ta musanta duk wani shiga.

### Taimako ga sojojin da ke adawa da RSF
Jami'an Chadi na kabilanci na Zaghawa da ake zargin suna taimakawa Darfur Joint Protection Force, yayin da aka dauki wasu daga cikin mambobinta daga Sudanese Zaghawa. Bugu da ƙari, gwamnatin Chadi ta yi iƙirarin a cikin 2024 cewa 'yan tawayen Chadi a ƙarƙashin Osman Dillo suna fada tare da Sojojin Sudan a Darfur . 

## Wadanda suka mutu
A ranar 22 ga watan Yulin, tashar talabijin ta Amurka CNN, inda ta ambaci shugabannin kabilun yankin, ta bayyana cewa an kashe mutane 10,000 a Yammacin Darfur kadai tun farkon rikici.

Yakin ya haifar da rikicin jin kai a yankin. Yawancin mutanen Darfur sun tsere zuwa makwabciyar Chadi. Darfurans, tare da mazaunan Khartoum, sun kasance mafi yawan 'yan gudun hijirar Sudan a kasashen waje.

A kan yanayin yakin basasa, rikice-rikicen kabilanci na yanki sun sake dawowa. Misali, a ranar 28 ga Afrilu 2023, rikice-rikice sun faru a nan tsakanin Larabawa da Masalites. A ranar 3 ga Mayu, mutane 200 sun mutu a cikin rikici tsakanin kabilun a El Geneina .  A ƙarshen watan Mayu, 'yan bindiga na Larabawa sun kashe Masalites 97 a garin Mysteries.

A ranar 17 ga Afrilu, an ruwaito cewa an kashe ma'aikatan Shirin Abinci na Duniya guda uku a wani harbi a wani sansanin soja a Kabkabiya. Sauran ma'aikata biyu sun ji rauni sosai, kuma mayakan SAP sun sace motocin kungiyar da yawa. Har ila yau, rikice-rikicen ya shafi kungiyar Save the Children, tare da satar ofishinta na Darfur. Haka ya faru da ofishin agaji na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a wannan yanki,  da kuma taimakon Islama.  A ranar 20 ga Afrilu, an kai hari kan ma'aikatan da ke dauke da mota daga Majalisar 'yan gudun hijira ta Norway a El Fashir, amma ba a bayar da rahoton rauni ba. A ranar 3 ga Mayu, an sace motoci shida na Shirin Abinci na Duniya.

A ranar 2 ga Mayu 2024, an kashe direbobin Red Cross guda biyu a Kudancin Darfur .  A ranar 11 ga Yuni, an kashe masu sa kai takwas a wani harbin IDF na kicin miya a yankin Tambosi na El Fasher .  A ranar 26 ga watan Nuwamba, SAF ta zargi RSF da satar taimakon jin kai daga rundunar IDF da ke tafiya daga Port Sudan zuwa sansanin Zamzam IDP yayin da ta ratsa Armel a kan iyakar tsakanin Yamma da Arewacin Kardaan, ta kara da cewa an shigo da ganimar zuwa Nyala.

## Bayanan da aka ambata

### Aiyukan da aka saka
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