Zarge-zargen cin zarafin dan adam na ExxonMobil a Aceh

**Cin zarafin 'yancin dan adam a Aceh**, Indonesia ya faru ne a ƙarshen shekarun 1990 da farkon shekarun 2000 lokacin da ExxonMobil ta hayar da rundunonin Sojojin Indonesiya don kare filin iskar gas din su na Arun, kuma waɗannan rundunonin soja sun kai hari kuma sun rushe ƙauyuka na gida. Binciken gwamnati ya rubuta waɗannan cin zarafin sosai. : 1 Wadanda abin ya shafa sun yi zargin cewa ExxonMobil ya san game da zalunci, wanda ya haɗa da hari, azabtarwa, da kisan kai, kuma ya kamata ya zama alhakin su. Kamfanin ya musanta wadannan zarge-zargen; babban kare shi ne cewa take hakkin dan adam da ke faruwa ba sakamakon takamaiman niyyar kungiyar ba ne sabili da haka ba za a iya ɗaukar alhakin ba.

A shekara ta 2001, 'yan ƙauyen Indonesiya goma sha ɗaya da wannan tashin hankali ya shafa sun shigar da karar  a Amurka. Exxon ya yi ƙoƙari a kori karar sau tara, wanda ya janye karar sama da shekaru 20. A watan Yulin 2022, Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta musanta bukatar ExxonMobil na soke karar, ta share hanyar da karar za ta je shari'a, kodayake ba a saita ranar shari'a ba. A cikin 2023, ExxonMobile ta warware lamarin mako guda kafin shari'ar.

## Tarihin filayen gas na Aceh
Aceh tana kan iyakar arewacin tsibirin Sumatra na Indonesian . Yankin yana da wadataccen albarkatun kasa, gami da man fetur da iskar gas. A shekara ta 1992, an ruwaito cewa Aceh ta samar da kashi 15% na jimlar fitar da kayayyaki na Indonesia, kuma an kiyasta darajar filayen mai da iskar gas a shekara ta 2003 don samar da dala biliyan 1.2-1.5 a kowace shekara.

A shekara ta 1968, Mobil ta fara aiki da filayen iskar gas na Arun, wanda kamfanin mai na jihar Indonesia, Pertamina ke mallakar. A cikin 1971, Mobil Oil Indonesia ta gano manyan tanadi na iskar gas a arewacin Aceh, wanda ya haifar da kirkirar Yankin Masana'antu na Lhokseumawe (LIZ).  Bayan Exxon ta sayi Mobil a 1999, kamfanin da aka haɗu, wanda ke zaune a Irving, Texas, ya karɓi kulawar Arun. Filin iskar gas a can, har zuwa rufe su a watan Maris, sun ba da gudummawa ga kasafin kudin Indonesiya tare da kusan dala biliyan 1 a cikin kudaden shiga a kowace shekara. Aceh, gidan filin iskar gas na halitta yana shaida adawa da makamai da aka shirya a karkashin tutar Free Aceh Movement. Daga 1989 zuwa 1998, gwamnatin Indonesia ta sanya Aceh a matsayin Yankin Ayyukan Soja, tare da dubban sojoji da aka sanya su don kayar da sojojin 'yancin kai.

## Shari'a
Asusun Kare Hakkin Ma'aikata na Duniya ya dauki nauyin mutanen da ke da'awar cewa sun sha wahala. A shekara ta 2001, ILRF ta shigar da *Doe v. Exxon Mobil Corp.* a karkashin Dokar Alien Tort Claims (ATCA) a Kotun Gundumar Tarayya ta Gundumar Columbia a madadin mazauna ƙauyuka 11 daga Aceh da ke da'awar cewa su ne wadanda ke fama da cin zarafin 'yancin ɗan adam da jami'an tsaro suka hayar ExxonMobil. Kotun ta yi zargin cewa ExxonMobil ta yi amfani da sojoji don kare ayyukanta, kuma ta taimaka da kuma tallafawa keta haƙƙin ɗan adam ta hanyar tallafin kuɗi da sauran kayan aiki ga dakarun tsaro. Bugu da kari, karar ta yi zargin cewa jami'an tsaro ko dai ma'aikata ne ko jami'an Exxon Mobil, kuma ta haka ne Exxon Mobil ke da alhakin ayyukansu.

A shekara ta 2005 wani alƙali na tarayya na Amurka ya yanke hukuncin cewa shari'ar na iya ci gaba a kan ikirarin dokar jihar District of Columbia, gami da mutuwar da ba daidai ba, sata ta hanyar tilastawa da kai farmaki da batir, amma ya watsar da ikirarin a karkashin ATCA da Dokar Kare Wadanda aka azabtar.  A shekara ta 2006 an yi watsi da wani yunkuri na korar da ExxonMobil ta gabatar, kamar yadda aka yi kira a shekara ta 2007. A shekara ta 2008 Kotun Koli ta Amurka, bayan ta gayyaci Babban Lauyan Amurka don yin sharhi, ta ki sauraron roko. A shekara ta 2009 Kotun Gundumar ta amince da bukatar Exxon na korar, bisa ga rashin matsayi da masu shigar da kara suka yi a kotun Amurka; kotun daukaka kara ta sauya wannan a shekara ta 2011.

## Manazarta