John Randle (Likitan)

**John Randle** (1 ga Fabrairu 1855 – 27 ga Fabrairu 1928) likita ne ɗan asalin Saliyo wanda ya yi fice a harkar siyasa a birnin Lagos, wanda daga baya ya zama wani ɓangare na Najeriya bayan haɗewar Biritaniya a 1914, a zamanin mulkin mallaka. An haife shi a Saliyo, kuma yana daga cikin farkon ’yan Afirka ta Yamma da suka sami cancantar zama likita a Biritaniya. Da ya dawo, ya yi aiki a sashen lafiya na mulkin mallaka na Lagos Colony na ɗan lokaci, sai ya bar aikin saboda wariyar da ake nuna masa, sannan ya kafa nasa asibiti mai zaman kansa inda yake jinya ga Turawa da kuma ’yan Afirka. Shi ne ya taimaka wajen kafa ƙungiyar siyasa mai suna People's Union a 1908, wacce wani lokaci take adawa da manufofin gwamnati. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya (1914–1918), ya kasance mai biyayya ga Daular Biritaniya. Bayan yaƙin, ƙungiyarsu ta People's Union ta zama mai rauni idan aka kwatanta da jam’iyyar Nigerian National Democratic Party, wacce ta fi tsauri.

## Shekaru na farko
An haifi John Randle a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 1855. Mahaifinsa, Thomas Randle, bawa ne da aka ’yanta daga wani ƙauye na Oyo a yammacin abin da yanzu ake kira Najeriya. Daga baya mahaifinsa ya ƙaura zuwa Lagos, inda ya kafa kasuwanci mai nasara a matsayin mai sayar da kayan ɗinki. An haifi John Randle a Regent, wani gari a Saliyo wanda aka kafa domin ’yantattun bayi daga sassa daban-daban na Afirka ta Yamma har ma daga ƙasashen nesa kamar Mozambik.

Ya yi karatu a makarantar mishan da ke garinsu, sannan ya ci gaba da karatu a Church Mission Society Grammar School da ke Freetown. A shekara ta 1874, ya fara aiki a Colonial Hospital a matsayin dispenser (mai shirya magunguna). Daga nan sai ya koma Accra da ke tsohuwar Gold Coast (wanda yanzu ake kira Ghana), inda ya tara kuɗi da ya ba shi damar zuwa karatun likitanci a Jami’ar Edinburgh da ke Scotland daga 1884 zuwa 1888.

Ya kammala karatu da zinariya a fannin materia medica (ilimin magunguna). A shekara ta 1889, shi da abokin karatunsa Obadiah Johnson sun samu aiki a matsayin Mataimakan Likitocin Mulkin Mallaka a Lagos Colonial Hospital. A lokaci guda kuma, Randle yana gudanar da asibiti mai zaman kansa, inda yake jinyar yawancin ’yan kasuwar Turawa da ke Lagos — musamman ma ’yan Jamus.

A watan Nuwamba 1890 Randle ta auri Victoria Matilda Davies . Mahaifin matarsa mai arziki ne James Pinson Labulo Davies kuma mahaifiyarta Sarah Forbes Bonetta ce, yarima Yoruba wacce Sarauniya Victoria ta shirya ta karbe ta kuma ta ilimantar da ita a kan kudin sarauniya. Sarauniya Victoria ta ba Matilda Davies sunan Victoria a lokacin da aka yi mata baftisma, ta ba ta alawus na £ 40 don rayuwa kuma ta ba ta saitin baftisma na zinariya.  Sarauniyar ta ba da gudummawar kayan don rigar bikin aure ta Matilda. Dokta Sodeinde Akinsiku Leigh-Sodipe (1865-1901) ya kasance uban a lokacin kirkirar ɗan Randle Romanes Adewale a shekara ta 1893.

Randle ya yi murabus daga aikin mulkin mallaka a shekara ta 1892. Ya yi fushi cewa a matsayin dan Afirka an ba shi kusan rabin albashi na Turai tare da horo iri ɗaya, kuma ana buƙatar shi ya yi aiki a matsayin likita a wurare da ke nesa da Legas. Gilbert Thomas Carter, Gwamnan Legas a cikin 1891-97, ya ce game da murabus dinsa, "Kwarewar da ta gabata game da likitocin asali ... ba ta ƙarfafa ni in ba da bangaskiya sosai ga iyawarsu ga wannan sana'a... " Randle ya janye murabusinsa, amma ya nemi karin albashi zuwa £ 500 a kowace shekara. An sallami Randle daga aikin a watan Satumbar 1893 saboda ci gaba da kin yin yawon shakatawa na aiki zuwa sansanin soja na Burtaniya a Ijebu Ode .  Ya ba da kansa ga aikin likita mai zaman kansa, wanda ya ci nasara sosai. Ya yi wa marasa lafiya daga dukkan matakan al'umma hidima, yana ba da magani kyauta ga matalauta. Randle ya yi nasara wajen magance zazzabin rawaya da ƙwayoyin cuta.

## Siyasa kafin yaƙin
Randle ta sami manyan filaye a Legas da kuma babban hannun jari a Bankin Burtaniya ta Yammacin Afirka.  Ya zama mai aiki a cikin siyasa na Legas Colony .  A cikin 1890 Randle ya kasance memba na kwamitin da ya gayyaci malamin Afirka, ɗan jarida kuma ɗan siyasa Edward Wilmot Blyden zuwa Legas don tallafa musu a cikin takaddamar da suka yi game da Ofishin Jakadancin Nijar, inda aka dakatar da yawancin ministocin Afirka kwanan nan saboda dalilai na wariyar launin fata. A ranar 2 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1891, a wani taron da Gwamna Cornelius Alfred Moloney ya halarta, Blyden ya ba da shawarar Ikilisiyar Afirka mai zaman kanta tare da Bishop Samuel Ajayi Crowther a matsayin shugabanta. Randle na iya tallafawa ɗan jarida John Payne Jackson lokacin da ya kafa Legas Weekly Record a cikin 1891.  A shekara ta 1899 Gwamna Sir William MacGregor ya sanya Randle a matsayin "memba na wucin gadi" na Majalisar Dokoki.

A cikin 1908 Randle da Dokta Orisadipe Obasa sun kafa Ƙungiyar Jama'a, a buɗe ga mazaunan Legas na dukan addinai da kabilanci. Kungiyar Jama'a ƙungiya ce ta siyasa maimakon jam'iyyar siyasa. Manyan mambobin kungiyar Jama'a ban da Randle da Obasa sun hada da masu ra'ayin mazan jiya kamar Sir Kitoye Ajasa, Dokta Richard Akinwande Savage da Sir Adeyemo Alakija .  Kungiyar ta yi yaƙi da Dokar Rashin Ruwa, wanda suka ce zai kawo ruwa mai bututu ga Turawa kawai. A cikin 1911 membobin Kungiyar Jama'a sun ziyarci Yoruba don tayar da hankali kan shawarar da Gwamna Frederick Lugard ya yi na ayyana duk ƙasar ta zama mallakar gwamnati. Randle da Obasa na iya zuwa London don matsawa shari'arsu. Gwamnati ta watsar da shawarar. Kafin Yaƙin Duniya na I(1914-18) Richard Akinwande Savage da Casely Hayford sun kusanci Randle game da gudanar da taron Afirka ta Yamma. Ya kasance mai himma game da ra'ayin, kuma an zabe shi shugaban kwamitin Legas don taron a 1915. Babu wani abu da za a iya yi a lokacin yakin.

## Yaƙin Duniya na I
Lokacin da yaƙin ya fara, Randle ya zama mai kula da Asusun Ta'aziyya na Ƙasashen Waje na Najeriya, wanda ya yi ƙoƙari ya tabbatar da cewa an san 'yan Najeriya da ke aiki a ƙasashen waje kuma an ba da bukatun su. A shekara ta 1915 Lugard ya sake ƙoƙarin gabatar da Rate na Ruwa a Legas, kuma ya zargi Ƙungiyar Jama'a da tayar da kayar baya da kuma " Barazanar tashin hankali".  Babban Imam (*Lemomu*) na Legas ya goyi bayan yawan ruwa, kamar yadda Alli Balogun, wani Musulmi mai arziki wanda ke da alaƙa da Randle.  Kungiyar Jama'a ta koma baya kuma ta nemi kawai "ba ta da yawa". A sakamakon wannan capitulation Kungiyar Jamaʼa ta rasa goyon baya daga manyan Legas. Kamar sauran 'yan Afirka ta Yamma, Randle ya goyi bayan yakin, kodayake wasu ba su yi ba. Ya rubuta game da su,

## Bayan yakin
Bayan yakin Randle da Orisadipe Obasa sun kafa kungiyar Reform Club, wacce ta sha'awar siyasa da ilimi. Wannan da alama ya kasance ci gaba da Ƙungiyar Jama'a a ƙarƙashin wani suna. A cikin 1920 an nada Randle daya daga cikin mataimakan masu tallafawa kungiyar abokantaka ta Saliyo ta Legas . Ya gina ɗakin sujada da makarantu biyu a garinsu na Regent, kuma ya ba da gudummawa don gina ginin kimiyya a Kwalejin Fourah Bay, Saliyo da kuma tallafawa koyarwar kimiyya a can. An gudanar da taron Pan-African a Accra a cikin 1920 kuma an kaddamar da Majalisar Ƙasa ta Yammacin Afirka ta Burtaniya (NCBWA). A wannan lokacin Randle da Savage sun fadi kuma Randle bai halarci taron ba.

Herbert Macaulay ya kafa Jam'iyyar Democrat ta Najeriya (NNDP) a 1922 tare da goyon bayan manyan 'yan kasa kamar John Payne Jackson. Gwamna Sir Hugh Clifford ya kafa zabe a Legas a 1923. An farfado da Kungiyar Jama'a a karkashin jagorancin Randle, kuma Obasa ya fafata a zaben amma bai yi nasara ba. Kungiyar Jama'a da mata masu kama da ita, Kungiyar Mata karkashin jagorancin Mrs. O. Obasa, sun yi adawa da NNDP. Kodayake Ƙungiyar Jama'a ta goyi bayan gabatar da sauye-sauye a hankali yayin da NNDP ta kasance mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, dukansu biyu sun jawo membobinsu daga ƙwararrun Legas. Wasu ƙwararrun maza da ra'ayoyin ci gaba sun zama membobin Ƙungiyar Jama'a, kamar ɗan jarida Ernest Ikoli, wanda shine sakatarensa na ƙarshe, amma Ƙungiyar Jamaʼa ba ta taɓa ƙalubale ga NNDP ba. A cikin 1927 Ƙungiyar Jama'a, a yanzu da sauri ta rasa mambobi, ta sami nasarar toshe wani shiri na gwamnati don harajin zabe kuma ta maye gurbinsa da harajin samun kudin shiga.

John Randle ya mutu a ranar 27 ga Fabrairu 1928 kuma an binne shi a bayan makabartar Ikoyi a Legas. Kungiyar Jama'a ta rushe ba da daɗewa ba. A shekara ta 1940 an tura gawar Randle zuwa gaban makabartar a matsayin alama don amincewa da nasarorin da ya samu. An san Randle da tsattsauran ra'ayi da horo. Ko da yana da shekara saba'in koyaushe yana hawa keke. Ya ƙarfafa 'yan Afirka da yawa su bi ilimi mai zurfi, duk da haka wasu' ya'yansa sun zarge shi da yin watsi da ilimin su na asali. Ya yi imani da al'adun Afirka amma yana da ɗanɗano na ɗan Ingila na Victoria, har ma da yin odar abinci daga London. Ya kasance mai aminci ga ka'idodinsa, kuma karimcinsa ya kafa sunansa a matsayin mai ba da agaji. Ya ba da gudummawar littattafansa na likita da kimiyya ga Kwalejin Fourah Bay, kuma ya ba da gudana ga kuɗi don farfesa da tallafin likita.

## Littattafai
 

## Manazarta

## Tushen