Kwamfuta ta jiki

**Kwamfuta ta jiki na ura** mai kwakwalwa ta ƙunshi tsarin mu'amala wanda zai iya fahimta bada amsa ga duniyar da ke kewaye da su.  Duk da yake wannan ma'anar tana da faɗi sosai don haɗa tsarin, kamar tsarin kula da zirga-zirgar ababen hawa ko tsarin sarrafa masana'anta, ba a saba amfani da shi don kwatanta su ba.  A faffadar ma'ana, lissafin jiki wani tsari ne mai ƙirƙira don fahimtar dangantakar ɗan adam da duniyar dijital.  A cikin amfani mai amfani, kalmar galibi tana bayyana zane-zane na hannu, ƙira ko ayyukan sha'awa na DIY waɗanda ke amfani da firikwensin da microcontrollers don fassara shigarwar analog zuwa tsarin software, da/ko sarrafa na'urorin injin lantarki kamar injina, servos, hasken wuta ko wasu kayan masarufi.

Kwamfuta ta jiki ta haɗu da dukkan kewayon ayyukan da aka kira sau da yawa a cikin ilimi da masana'antu kamar injiniyan lantarki, mechatronics, robotics, kimiyyar kwamfuta, kuma musamman ci gaba da aka saka..

## Misalan
Ana amfani da lissafin jiki a cikin yankuna da ake aikace-aikace iri-iri.

### Ilimi
Amfanin jiki a cikin ilimi da wasa an nuna shi a cikin yanayi daban-daban na ilmantarwa. Exploratorium, mai gabatarwa a cikin ilmantarwa na Bincike, ya haɓaka wasu daga cikin nune-nunen mu'amala na farko da suka shafi kwamfutoci, kuma ya ci gaba da haɗawa da ƙarin misalai na lissafin jiki da abubuwan da za a iya gani yayin da fasahar da ke da alaƙa ke ci gaba.

### Fasaha
A cikin duniyar fasaha, ayyukan da ke aiwatar da lissafin jiki sun haɗa da aikin Scott Snibbe, Daniel Rozin, Rafael Lozano-Hemmer, Jonah Brucker-Cohen, da Camille Utterback.

### Tsarin kayayyaki
Ayyukan lissafi na jiki suma suna cikin samfurin da tsarin ƙirar mu'amala, inda ake amfani da tsarin da aka gina da hannu a wasu lokuta don saurin samfurin sabbin ra'ayoyin samfurori na dijital ta hanyar tsada. Kamfanoni irin su IDEO da Teague an san su da kusanci ƙirar samfur ta wannan hanyar.

### Aikace-aikacen kasuwanci
Aiwatarwar kasuwanci ta fito ne daga na'urorin masu amfani kamar Sony Eyetoy ko wasannin kamar Dance Dance Revolution zuwa ƙarin amfani da amfani da amfani ciki har da hangen nesa da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin sarrafa kansa na binciken inganci tare da layin taron masana'antu. Exergaming, kamar Nintendo's Wii Fit, ana iya la'akari da wani nau'i na lissafi na jiki. Sauran aiwatarwa na lissafin jiki sun haɗa da ganewar murya, wanda ke jin da fassara raƙuman sauti ta hanyar makirufo ko wasu na'urorin jin sauti, da hangen nesa na kwamfuta, wanda ke amfani da algorithms ga wadataccen raƙuman bayanai na bidiyo yawanci ana jin su ta wasu nau'ikan kyamara. Har ila yau, haɗin kai misali ne na lissafin jiki, kodayake a wannan yanayin kwamfuta tana *samarwa* da motsa jiki ba tare da *jin* sa ba. Dukkanin kama motsi da kuma ganewa da alama sune fannoni waɗanda suka dogara da hangen nesa na kwamfuta don yin aikin sihirinsu.

### Aikace-aikacen kimiyya
Hakanan lissafin jiki na iya bayyana a ƙirƙirawa da amfani da na'urori masu auna sigina ko masu tarawa don gwaje-gwajen kimiyya, kodayake ana amfani da kalmar da wuya don bayyana su kamar haka. Misali na ƙirar ƙididdigar jiki shine aikin Illustris, wanda ke ƙoƙarin kwaikwayon juyin halitta na sararin samaniya daga Big Bang zuwa yau, Shekaru biliyan 13.8 bayan haka.

## Hanyoyi
Prototyping yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin lissafin jiki. Kayan aiki kamar Wiring, Arduino da Fritzing da kuma I-CubeX suna taimaka wa masu zanen kaya da masu zane don saurin samfurin ra'ayoyinsu na hulɗa.

## Ƙarin karantawa

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