Yanayin Cuba

Cuba ƙasa ce mai  tsibirai a cikin Tekun Caribbean.  Ya ƙunshi tarin tsibiri na tsibiran da ke tsakiya kan daidaitawar yanayin ƙasa 21°3N, 80°00W.  Cuba ita ce babbar tsibiri, tana kewaye da manyan tsibirai guda huɗu: Colorados, Sabana-Camagüey, Jardines de la Reina da Canarreos.  Yankin Cuba yana da fadin murabba'in kilomita 110,860 (42,800 sq mi) gami da ruwa na bakin teku da na yanki mai fadin kasa murabba'in kilomita 109,820 (42,400 sq mi), wanda ya sa ta zama kasa ta takwas mafi girma a tsibiri a duniya.  Babban tsibirin (Cuba) yana da nisan kilomita 5,746 (3,570 mi) na bakin teku da kuma nisan kilomita 28.5 (17.7 mi) na iyakokin ƙasa—dukan alkalumman da suka haɗa da Base na Sojojin Ruwa na Amurka na Guantanamo Bay.  Yankin hukuma shine

.Cuba tana yamma da Arewacin Tekun Atlantika, gabas da Tekun Mexico, kudu da mashigin Florida, arewa maso yamma na hanyar Windward, da arewa maso gabas na tashar Yucatán.  Babban tsibiri (Cuba), mai fadin murabba'in kilomita 104,338 (sq mi), ya ƙunshi mafi yawan yankin ƙasar kuma shine tsibiri na 17 mafi girma a duniya ta fuskar ƙasa.

The island is  long and  across its widest points and  across its narrowest points. The largest island outside the main island is the Isla de la Juventud is (Isle of Youth) in the southwest, with an area of .

Babban tsibirin ya kunshi mafi yawa daga filayen da ke juyawa. A ƙarshen kudu maso gabas shine Sierra Maestra, kewayon tsaunuka masu tsawo wanda mafi girman matsayi shine Pico Turquino a mita 1,974 (6,476 .

Havana ita ce birni mafi girma da babban birni; wasu manyan biranen sun hada da Santiago na Cuba da Camagüey . Ƙananan garuruwan da aka fi sani sun haɗa da Baracoa, wanda shine mazaunin Mutanen Espanya na farko a Cuba, Trinidad, wurin tarihi na duniya na UNESCO, da Bayamo.

## Yanayin jiki

Cuba tana da nisan kilomita  (48  a yammacin Haiti a fadin Windward Passage, kilomita  (14.0  a kudancin Bahamas (Cay Lobos), kilomita  (93  a kudu da Amurka (Key West, Florida), kilomita  (130  a gabashin Mexico, da  (87  a arewacin Jamaica. An yi shi a matakai uku.

Cuba ita ce ƙasa mafi girma ta ƙasa a cikin Caribbean.  Babban tsibiri shi ne tsibiri na 17 mafi girma a duniya ta wurin yanki.  Tsibirin ya tashi ne tsakanin Tekun Atlantika da Caribbean.  Yana da iyaka a arewa ta mashigin Florida, a arewa maso gabas ta tashar Nicholas Channel da Old Bahama Channel.  Yankin kudancin yana da iyaka da hanyar Windward Passage da Cayman Trench, yayin da kudu maso yamma ya ta'allaka ne a cikin Tekun Caribbean.  A yamma, ya isa tashar Yucatán, kuma arewa maso yamma yana buɗewa zuwa Gulf of Mexico.

Kimanin tsibirai 4,195, tsibirai da tsibirai sun hada kasar. Yankin kudancin ya haɗa da irin waɗannan tsibirai kamar Jardines de la Reina da Canarreos . Yankin arewa maso gabashin yana da iyaka da Sabana-Camagüey Archipelago, wanda ya haɗa da Jardines del Rey kuma ya ƙunshi kusan 2,517 cays da tsibirai. An haɓaka Tsibirin Colorados a kan iyakar arewa maso yamma.

### Yankin
Yankin Cuba galibi filayen ne ko filayen da ke juyawa, tare da tsaunuka da duwatsu a kudu maso gabas. Matsayi mafi ƙasƙanci shine Tekun Caribbean a 0 m (matakin teku) kuma mafi girma shine Pico Turquino a   , wani ɓangare na tsaunukan Sierra Maestra, wanda ke kudu maso gabashin tsibirin.&nbsp;

Sauran jerin tsaunuka sune Saliyo Cristal a kudu maso gabas, tsaunin Escambray a tsakiyar tsibirin, da Saliyo del Rosario a arewa maso yamma.  Farin rairayin bakin teku masu yashi (musamman a cikin Varadero[1]), da kuma mangroves da marshes ana iya samun su a yankin bakin teku.  Mafi girma shine Zapata Swamp, tare da fiye da murabba'in kilomita 4,520 (sq mi 1,750).  Wani bincike na baya-bayan nan na duniya mai nisa ya nuna cewa akwai 675 km2 na gidajen ruwa a Cuba, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama ƙasa ta 38 a matsayin ƙasa ta 38.

Cuba has negligible inland water area. The largest natural water mirror is Laguna de Leche at , while the man-made Zaza Reservoir, at , is the largest inland water surface by area in the country.

### Ilimin ƙasa

### Yanayi

Yawancin Cuba suna da yanayi na wurare masu zafi na savanna (Aw bisa ga rarrabuwar yanayi na Köppen), ko da yake yankunan da ke kan gangaren iska na Saliyo Maestra da Saliyo del Rosario suna da ko dai yanayin damina na wurare masu zafi ko yanayin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, yayin da yanayin zafi mai zafi yana faruwa a cikin Guantánamo Bay yankin saboda ruwan sama daga Maestra daga Saliyo.  A mafi yawan yankunan, lokacin rani yana daga Nuwamba zuwa Afrilu da damina daga Mayu zuwa Oktoba..

Yanayin yanayi ne na wurare masu zafi, kodayake iskar kasuwanci ce ta daidaita shi. Gabaɗaya (tare da bambance-bambance na gida), akwai lokacin bushewa daga Nuwamba zuwa Afrilu, da kuma lokacin ruwan sama daga Mayu zuwa Oktoba. Matsakaicin zafin jiki shine  ° C (73.6 ° F) a watan Janairu da  ° C (80.6 ° F).

Canjin yanayi a Cuba yana haifar da karuwar zafin jiki, hauhawar matakan teku da sauya yanayin hazo, tare da ragewa ruwan sama gaba ɗaya da aka yi hasashen. Wadannan zasu yi tasiri sosai ga masana'antu masu mahimmanci ga tattalin arziki, gami da noma, gandun daji da yawon bude ido. Kamar yadda ruwan sama shine kawai tushen ruwa na Cuba, tsaro na ruwa matsala ce. Yanayin zafi na iya shafar lafiyar jama'a, yana haifar da karuwar cututtukan zuciya, numfashi da cututtuken ƙwayoyin cuta. Hawan zafin jiki na 2 ° C sama da matakan masana'antu na iya kara yiwuwar ruwan sama mai tsanani sau uku a Cuba. Shirye-shiryen rage sauyin yanayi da daidaitawa na Cuba sun haɗa da samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa da mafita na yanayi, kamar maido da tsarin halittu na mangrove.

Cuba tana cikin hanyar guguwa, kuma waɗannan guguwa masu lalacewa sun fi yawa a watan Satumba da Oktoba. Kwarewar lalacewar guguwa ta tsara manufofin Rage hadarin bala'i na Cuba, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga ƙarancin mace-mace idan aka kwatanta da ƙasashe makwabta. Guguwa ba ta da yawa a Cuba; duk da haka, a yammacin 27 ga Janairun 2019, wata guguwa mai karfi ta F4 ta buge gabashin Havana, babban birnin Cuba. Guguwar ta haifar da mummunar lalacewa, ta lalata akalla gidaje 90, ta kashe mutane hudu kuma ta ji rauni 195 .    Ya zuwa 4 ga Fabrairu, adadin wadanda suka mutu ya karu zuwa shida, tare da mutane 11 har yanzu suna cikin mawuyacin hali.

### Da'awar teku
Cuba makes maritime claims that include a territorial sea of  and an exclusive economic zone of  with .

 
Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa a Cuba sune:

## Albarkatun halitta

Abubuwan da ke tattare da su sun haɗa da cobalt, nickel, ƙarfe, jan ƙarfe, gishiri, katako, silica, mai da man fetur. A wani lokaci duk tsibirin ya cika da gandun daji, kuma har yanzu akwai itatuwan al'ul da yawa (*Cedrela odorata*), chechem (Metopium brownei), mahogany (*Swietenia mahagoni*), da sauran itatuwa masu daraja. An share manyan wurare don shuka karin sukari, kuma itatuwa kalilan ne suka rage cewa dole ne a shigo da itace.

Mafi mahimmancin albarkatun tattalin arzikin ma'adinai na Cuba shine nickel. Cuba tana da ajiyar nickel ta biyu mafi girma a duniya bayan Rasha. Sherritt International, kamfanin makamashi na Kanada, yana aiki da babban wurin hakar ma'adinai a Moa, Cuba. Wani babban ma'adinai shine cobalt, samfurin aikin hakar ma'adanai na nickel. Cuba ta kasance ta biyar mafi girma a matsayin mai samar da cobalt mai tsabta a duniya.

Cuba a tarihi ta dogara da shigo da . Ya zuwa shekara ta 2011, Cuba ta tabbatar da tanadi na ganga biliyan 0.1 kawai (16,000,000 m3) na mai mai da 2.5 tiriliyan cubic feet na iskar gas, kuma galibi ana amfani da mai don samar da wutar lantarki. A cikin shekara ta 2010, Cuba ta samar da ganga 51,000 na mai a rana (Kb / d) a cikin shekara ta 2010 a kan iyaka ko ci gaban kusa da iyaka, "mafi yawan nauyi, mai zaki (mai wadata da sulfur) mai wanda ke buƙatar ingantaccen ikon tsaftacewa don sarrafawa. "  Binciken Offshore a Arewacin Cuba Basin ya bayyana yiwuwar ƙarin ganga biliyan 4.6 (730,000,000 m3) na mai mai mai mai da za a iya dawo da shi, ganga biliyan 0.9 na ruwa na iskar gas, da kuma 9.8 tiriliyan cubic na halitta. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2011, Cuba tana da ayyukan ci gaban man fetur guda shida tare da kamfanonin man fetur na kasashen waje Petrovietnam (Vietnam), Petronas (Malaysia), PDVSA (Venezuela), Sonangol (Angola), NGOC (India), Repsol (Spain), da Statoil (Norway). 

Sugarcane ya kasance mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren tattalin arzikin Cuban a tarihi,  kuma har yanzu ana keɓe manyan yankuna don noma; a cikin 2018, Cuba ta samar da kimanin tan miliyan 1.1-1.3 na sukari.  Muhimmancin girbi na sukari ya ragu, tare da yawon bude ido, taba, nickel, da magunguna sun wuce sukari a muhimmancin tattalin arziki.

Ana haɓaka tsarin ban ruwa mai zurfi a kudancin Lardin Sancti Spíritus. Taba, wanda ake amfani da shi don wasu sigari na duniya, ana shuka shi musamman a Lardin Pinar del Río.

## Rukunin gudanarwa
An raba Cuba zuwa larduna 15 da kuma wata karamar hukuma ta musamman. An sake raba larduna zuwa kananan hukumomi 168.

## Bayanan da aka ambata