Kogin Lyari

**Kogin Lyari** (Urdu) wani karamin rafi ne na ɗan lokaci wanda ke gudana ta cikin dubban birni Pakistan na Karachi daga arewa maso gabas zuwa tsakiya kuma yana shiga cikin Tekun Larabawa a Tashar Manora. Yana daya daga cikin magudanar ruwa guda biyu na Karachi, ɗayan kuma shine Kogin Malir. Kogin yana da kimanin kilomita 50 (30 mil) tsawo. A matsayin kogi na yanayi, yana ɗaukar ruwan da aka tattara bayan ruwan sama a yankin da aka tattare.

## Tarihi
Bayan zuwan Birtaniya a 1839 da kuma ci gaban Karachi, kogin shine iyakar yanayin da aka fara zama. An bayyana kogin a matsayin kiyaye ruwa na tsawon kwanaki biyar kawai a shekara, wanda ya rage na tsawon kwanaki 360, babu wani abu da ya yi kama da yashi.

Har zuwa shekarun 1970s, kogin yana da ruwa mai tsabta da kifi, tare da ayyukan noma a bakin kogin. Koyaya, bayan samun 'yancin Pakistan daga Mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya a 1947, lokacin da aka sanar da Karachi a matsayin babban birni sabuwar ƙasar, babban kwararar 'yan gudun hijira daga Jihohin Indiya daban-daban da kuma wasu larduna na Pakistan sun zauna a cikin birni. Tare da saurin ci gaban tattalin arziki birni, masana'antu, da yawan jama'a, an canza yanayin muhalli na kogin kuma sannu a hankali ya zama hanyar ruwa inda aka zubar da ruwa, datti da kuma masana'antu suka ƙare.

## Sake ginawa a gefen kogi
Yayin da aka gyara matsugunai da dama a cikin matsugunan kogin, ambaliyar ruwa da aka saba yi ta fara haifar da hasarar mutane da dukiyoyi. Musamman bayan barnar da ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya ya haddasa a shekarar 1977, an cimma bukatar gina shingen ambaliya a bakin kogin. A shekara ta 1986, an ba da shawarar gina babbar hanyar da za ta bi ta gefen kogin Lyari. An yi watsi da shirin saboda an yi kiyasin mutane 100,000 za a sake su.  Koyaya, ambaliya da asarar da ke da alaƙa sun ci gaba a cikin 1990s.

### Hanyar Lyari

Aikin ya ƙunshi tsayin kilomita 16.5 (mile 10¼) na babban titin titin da ke gudana a gefen kogin, ya ratsa cikin birni zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na Karachi, a matsayin tsawo/madaidaicin hanyar Arewa ta Arewa. An fara aikin ne a shekara ta 2002 ba tare da amincewar jama'a ba, sakamakon haka an ruguza gidaje da makarantu masu yawan gaske saboda kasancewar matsugunan da ba na yau da kullun ba.

Matakan sun yi tsayayya da karfi daga yawan mutanen da abin ya shafa, kungiyoyin al'umma, kungiyoyin farar hula da kungiyoyi masu jama'a kansu a kan dalilin cewa akalla iyalai 200,000 za su yi hijira daga wuraren ci gaba ban da farashin tattalin arziki da muhalli. Har ila yau, 'yan gwagwarmaya da kungiyoyi sun ba da shawarar wasu hanyoyin da suka dace. Koyaya, aikin ya ci gaba tare da ƙarin aikin sake zama na Lyari Expressway a matsayin shirin sake komawa don motsa iyalai da abin ya shafa zuwa wuraren da aka gina a Hawk's Bay da Taiser Town, a cikin unguwanni na birnin.

### Sauran ci gaba da faɗaɗa
Baya ga korar da kuma sake tsugunar da hanyar Lyari Express, an kuma gudanar da shirye-shiryen sake fasalin karkashin shirin raya kogin Lyari.  a wasu garuruwa a gefen kogi kamar Gulberg, North Nazimabad, Saddar, Jamsh, Gulshan-e-Iqbal da Liaquatabad. 

## Rashin gurɓataccen yanayi
Kogin shine babban mai ba da gudummawa ga kimanin lita miliyan 200 na Imperial (lita miliyan 909.218)  na datti da ke shiga Tekun Larabawa. Abinda kawai ba tare da gishiri ba shine ruwan sama na gida. Yawancin masana'antu ciki har da raka'a na fata, magunguna, man fetur, refineries, sinadarai, masana'antu, takarda da kwaya, ayyukan injiniya da Tashoshin wutar lantarki, waɗanda ke gefen kogi, a kai a kai suna fitar da Sharar masana'antu da ba a pulp da su ba.

Tare da kaRuwa adadin abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ruwan kogi, yanayin muhalli na ruwa tare da Shelf na bakin teku ya sha wahala sosai. Ruwan da ya faru saboda aikin ruwa ya ci gaba da shafar mangroves tare da Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Karachi. Masu gurɓataccen abu tare da sauran rikice-rikicen muhalli sun kuma tabbatar da cewa suna da lahani ga nau'ikan halittu na nau'ikan ruwa tare da tashar jiragen ruwa ta Karachi  ciki har da tururuwa mai kore, tsuntsayen teku da Dabbobi masu shayarwa. 

## Dubi kuma

* Turtle mai launin kore
* Lyari
* Garin Lyari
* Hukumar Ci Gaban Lyari
* Shirin Maido da Hanyar Lyari
* Hanyar Lyari
* Kogin Malir
* Gujar Nala
* Karachi

## Bayanan da aka ambata
 

## Haɗin waje

* IUCN.org/" id="mwARQ" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">IUCNP - shafin yanar gizon IUCN kan batutuwan muhalli da Biodiversity na Pakistan
* Taron Fisherfolk na Pakistan kan gurɓataccen ruwaRashin gurɓataccen ruwa