Mariquita Sánchez

**Mariquita Sánchez de Thompson y de Mendeville**, wanda aka fi sani da **Mariquita Sánchez de Thompson** (1 Nuwamba 1786 - 23 Oktoba 1868), 'yar Argentina ce kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a daga Buenos Aires. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan *masu salon salon* birni, waɗanda  ɗinsu suka tattara manyan mutane da yawa a lokacin. Ana tunawa da ita sosai saboda an rera waƙar ƙasa ta Argentina a karon farko a gidanta, a ranar 14 ga Mayu 1813.  

An yi la'akari da Mariquita Sánchez de Thompson, ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko 'yan Argentina da suka bayyana ra'ayinsu game da siyasa, a matsayin mace mafi himma a cikin juyin juya hali.    

Sánchez ta auri ɗan uwanta, Martín Thompson, a shekara ta 1805. Ta rubuta wani labari da ta gani da ido da kuma bayanin gazawar mamayar da Birtaniya ta yi a Buenos Aires wanda ya nuna rashin jituwar da mazauna yankin suka ji game da mamayar.   

Ta zama bazawara a shekarar 1819, kuma ta sake yin aure da wani Bafaranshe ɗan ƙasar waje mai suna Washington de Mendeville a shekarar 1819 ko 1820. A lokacin mulkin Juan Manuel de Rosas, ta zauna a gudun hijira a Montevideo, tana yin tafiye-tafiye lokaci-lokaci zuwa Rio de Janeiro kafin daga ƙarshe ta koma Buenos Aires bayan Yaƙin Caseros . [1] [2]

## Rayuwa

### Rayuwar farko
An haifi Mariquita Sánchez de Thompson a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1786 a Buenos Aires ga Cecilio Sánchez de Velasco da Magdalena Trillo. Iyalinta wani ɓangare ne na manyan 'yan mulkin mallaka na Spain na Buenos Aires kuma suna da alaƙar siyasa mai tasiri. Saboda asalin iyalinta, ta yi rayuwa mai kyau tun tana ƙarama.   

### c. 1800–1819/1820
Tana da shekaru 14, Sánchez ta bayyana sha'awarta ta auri Martín Jacobo de Thompson mai shekaru 23, ɗan uwanta na biyu a gefen mahaifiyarta.  Thompson ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa ne kuma jami'i a Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa ta Spain, ya yi karatu a Turai, kuma yana da ra'ayoyi masu ƙarfi na goyon bayan 'yancin kai.  Bayan auren Sánchez da Thompson a lokacin hunturu na 1801, iyayen Sánchez sun kori Thompson daga gidan, suna matsa mata ta auri Diego del Arco mafi tsufa daga Spain.  Mahaifinta ya yi amfani da alaƙar siyasa a cikin Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa ta Royal don mayar da Thompson zuwa Spain da aika Sánchez zuwa Casa de Ejercicios, "wurin keɓewa na zahiri da tunani na ruhaniya wanda iyaye ke amfani da shi don hukunta da shawo kan 'ya'yansu mata marasa biyayya."  Lokacin da mahaifinta ya mutu a 1802, mahaifiyarta ta ci gaba da adawa da aurenta da Thompson.  Duk da haka, da Thompson ya dawo daga Spain, Sánchez da Thompson sun kai mahaifiyar Sánchez kotu a ranar 7 ga Yuli 1804.  Sánchez ta yi nasarar daukaka kara zuwa ga Viceroy Sobremonte a cikin wata wasiƙa ta 1804, tana jayayya kan al'adar aure da iyalai ke shiryawa ba tare da tuntuɓar matan da abin ya shafa ba.  An ba da izinin auren Thompson ba tare da son iyalinta ba a ranar 20 ga Yuli 1804,  kuma sun yi aure a ranar 27 ga Yuni ko 29 ga Yuli a 1805. 

A lokacin aurenta da Thompson, Sánchez ta haifi 'ya mace da 'ya'ya maza huɗu.   Ta kuma ƙara tabbatar da kanta a matsayin mai sha'awar zamantakewa da marubuciya.  Sunanta ya kuma bayyana a cikin *La Gaceta* a ranar 9 ga Agusta 1810, tare da ambaton da ta rubuta, "Martín Thompson, babban jami'in 'yan sanda, ha oblado seis onzas de oro, tres por sí y las tres restantes por su esposa, doña María de los Santos Sánchez."  Ta ba da gudummawa ga fafutukar ' yancin kai ta Argentina, a cikin 1810, ta hanyar ba da gudummawar oza uku na zinariya (daidai da kimanin dala 4800 na Amurka a 2020) da kuma a 1812, ta hanyar dinka kayan aiki ga "sojojin ƙasa."  Ta kafa salon a Buenos Aires, ta hanyar "wanda hanyar sadarwa ta 'yan gudun hijira da Porteños suka haɗu."  Sánchez ta dauki nauyin *tarurrukan tertulia*, tarurrukan zamantakewa irin na salon gyaran gashi, waɗanda suka kasance daga cikin shahararrun a duk Viceroyalty, kuma waɗanda manyan mutane da jami'ai da yawa na lokacin suka halarta.  Bayan juyin juya halin, gidan Sánchez da Thompson ya zama cibiyar tarurrukan fasaha.   A lokacin *tertulia*, baƙi sun yi rawa, suna buga kati, suna sauraron kiɗa, suna tattauna kasuwanci, littattafai, addini, da siyasa.  Thompson shi ma jami'in siyasa ne, yana tafiya zuwa Amurka a 1817 don "tuntuɓi 'yantar da kai,"  amma ya mutu a kan tafiyar dawowa a 1819.   Bayan mutuwar Thompson, Sánchez ya zama bazawara mai 'ya'ya biyar. 

## Hotunan Hotuna

Fayil:Mariquita_Sánchez_de_Thompson_y_sus_hijos_por_Jean-Philippe_Goulu.jpg|alt=Portrait of Sánchez de Thompson and her children by Jean-Philippe Goulu, ca. late 1820s| Hoton Sánchez de Thompson da 'ya'yanta na Jean-Philippe Goulu, ca. karshen 1820s
Fayil:María_Sánchez_de_Mendeville.jpg|alt=María Sánchez de Mendeville (1845), portrait by Johann Moritz Rugendas, National Historical Museum| *María Sánchez de Mendeville* (1845), Hoton Johann Moritz Rugendas, Gidan Tarihi na Kasa
Fayil:Himno_Nacional_Argentino.jpg|alt=The Argentine National Anthem being played for the first time at Sánchez de Thompson's house. Painting by Pedro Subercaseaux| Ana buga waƙar ƙasa ta Argentina a karon farko a gidan Sánchez de Thompson. Zane daga Pedro Subercaseaux
Fayil:Mariquita_Sanchez_de_Thompson.jpg|alt=The only known photographic image of Sánchez de Thompson, a daguerreotype from 1854| Hoton da aka sani kawai na Sánchez de Thompson, wani nau'in daguerreotype daga 1854
Fayil:Recoleta_141.jpg|alt=Sánchez de Thompson's resting place at La Recoleta Cemetery| Wurin hutawa na Sánchez de Thompson a La Recoleta Cemetery


## Girmamawa
A ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 2014, Google ta yi bikin cika shekaru 228 da haihuwa da Google Doodle . 

## Manazarta