Saang

**Saang**, wanda aka fi sani da **Swang** (ma'ana "kwaikwayo")  ko **Svang**, sanannen salon rawa ne na gargajiya - wasan kwaikwayo kuma salon ba da labari na gargajiya a Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan da yankin Malwa na Madhya Pradesh .  Swang ya haɗa da wasannin kwaikwayo masu dacewa da kwaikwayon (ko *naqal* ) tare da waƙa da tattaunawa. Yana da nufin tattaunawa maimakon motsin rai. Labarun addini da tatsuniyoyi na gargajiya ana aiwatar da su ta hanyar gungun mutane goma ko goma sha biyu a cikin fili ko gidan wasan kwaikwayo na buɗe ido wanda masu kallo ke kewaye da shi. Swang a matsayin fasaha ta kwaikwayon yana nufin Rang-Bharna, Naqal-Karna.

Ana iya ɗaukar Swang a matsayin mafi tsufa a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya a Indiya. Nautanki, Saang, Tamasha sun samo asali ne daga al'adun Swang. Tsoffin al'adun Swang sune:"EK MARDANA EK JANANA MANCH PAR ADE THE RAI"yana nufin mawakan maza ɗaya da mace ɗaya ne suka fara labarin."EK SAARANGI EK DOLAKIA SAATH MEIN ADE THE RAI"yana nufin ɗan wasan sarangi ɗaya da ɗan wasan dholak ɗaya sun shiga wasan. Wannan wasan kwaikwayo na Swang/Saang ya kasance mai aiki a lokacin Kabir Sant da Guru Nanak .

Al'ada ta yaba wa Kishan Lal Bhaat saboda kafa harsashin salon Swang na yanzu kimanin shekaru ɗari biyu da suka gabata. A lokacin Mughal, musamman a lokacin Aurangzeb, an haramta wa mata yin wasan kwaikwayo a bainar jama'a sosai. Tunda mata ba sa shiga cikin tsarin wasan kwaikwayo na rawa, maza sun saba aiwatar da rawar da suke takawa. Daga baya, masu yin wasan kwaikwayo daban-daban sun canza salon bisa ga yanayin zamantakewa da siyasa.

## Siffofi

Matakin yana kama da wasan kwaikwayo na opera. Matakin zai iya ƙunsar fili mai faɗi da faɗi, ko kuma aƙalla, dandamalin katako mai tsawon mita uku da rabi. Babu wani shiri mai zurfi na mataki kamar wasan kwaikwayo na zamani. Babu bango, labule ko ɗakuna masu kore. Yawanci, babu makirufo ko lasifika. Sa'a ɗaya ko fiye kafin wasan kwaikwayon, mawakan ƙungiyar makaɗa sun fara rera waƙoƙin addini ko wasu waƙoƙin da suka shafi wasan kwaikwayo don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau don wasan kwaikwayo. Daga nan sai ' Guru ' ya bayyana kuma mawakan suka taɓa ƙafafunsa don yabon albarkar sa. Wasan kwaikwayon ya fara da waƙa ('bhait' ko miƙa) don yabon Bhawani, Allahn Ilimi:

*Aa re bhawani baas kar mere ghat ke parde khol* *Rasna par basa karo maai shudh shabd mukh bol*

(Ya Allah Bhawani, ka buɗe min ƙofofin ilimi. Ka albarkaci harshena domin duk abin da nake waƙa ya ƙunshi tsarkakakkun surs.)

Bayan Bhawani akwai Chamolas, Kafias, da Savias manyan sinadaran wasan kwaikwayo. Googa Dhamoda wani salon rawa ne ya fara daga farko. Da ɗan gajeren gabatarwa game da wasan kwaikwayo, wasan kwaikwayon ya fara. Ya ƙunshi kwaikwayon, wanda daga ciki sunan sigar wasan kwaikwayo ya samo asali ( *swaang* yana nufin ɓoyewa ko yin kwaikwayon). Haka kuma an nuna dogayen zaman tambayoyi da amsoshi tsakanin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo. Yawancin tattaunawar an tsara su ne kuma dole ne 'yan wasan su iya musanya ambato, kalmomin barkwanci, karin magana da waƙoƙi a lokacin da suke so. Akwai waƙa da rawa da yawa kuma akwai wani hali mai ban dariya da ake kira *makhaulia* (mai wasa). Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Swang an takaita shi ga maza, waɗanda kuma ke taka rawar mata, na ƙarshen galibi yana haɗa da kayan kwalliya da kayan ado masu kyau. Amma ba a san ƙungiyar mata gaba ɗaya ba.

Gabatar da waƙar *swaang* sau ɗaya na iya ci gaba har zuwa awanni biyar ko shida. Akwai waƙa da kiɗa da yawa, musamman sanannen salon waƙar Haryanvi da aka sani da *Raagani* .

## Jigogi
Jigogi na Swang sun samo asali ne daga jigogi na ɗabi'a, tatsuniyoyi na gargajiya, rayuwar mutane masu ban sha'awa, labarai daga tatsuniyoyi na Indiya da kuma a cikin 'yan kwanakin nan, jigogi na yanzu kamar lafiya da tsafta, karatu da rubutu, wayar da kan jama'a game da cutar kanjamau da ƙarfafa mata . A cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na addini da ke haikalin, almara na Indiya da Puranas sune manyan abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su ga haruffa, yayin da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na addini da ke cikin al'umma yana da ɗan bambanci. Za a iya haɗa jigogi da dama tare - soyayya ta tatsuniyoyi, tarihin jama'a, da jigogi na addini, duk tare da ma'anar dabi'un duniya. Duk wasan kwaikwayo yawanci suna ƙarewa da nasarar nagarta akan mugunta.

Shahararrun jigogi na tatsuniyoyi sun haɗa da Raja Vikramaditya, Ranveer-Padmavat, Jaani Chor, Prahlad Bhagat, Gopi Chand, Bharthari, Harishchander, Raja Bhoj, Kichak Badh, Draupadi Chir Haran, Jaani Chor, Pingla Bharthri da sauran tatsuniyoyi daga tsoffin adabi. Har ila yau shahararru ne na soyayyar Punjabi kamar su Pooran Bhagat, Heer Ranjha, da dai sauransu. Jigogin tarihi da na tarihi sun hada da Raja Rissalu, Amar Singh Rathor, Sarwar Neer, Jaswant Singh, Ramdevji, da sauransu.

## Tarihi

A Haryana, sunan da aka fi sani da shi shine na Deep Chand Bahman na ƙauyen Khanda, Sonipat . An san shi da Shakespeare ko Kalidas na Haryana.  Ya goge salon Ali Bux kuma ya ba wannan fasahar gargajiya sabon launi. Saang na wancan lokacin yana da rukuni biyu: (i) Salon Kirtan da (ii) Salon Nautanki. Salon wasan kwaikwayo na Deep Chand ya haɗa da abubuwa daga kiɗa, rawa, wasan kwaikwayo, verification, da kuma karatun ballad. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, lokacin da ikon Deep Chand na haɓakawa da daidaitawa ya kai kololuwar sa, Gwamnatin Burtaniya ta mai da shi Rai Sahib kuma ta ba shi wasu tagomashi. Waƙoƙinsa masu kayatarwa tare da waƙoƙin yaƙi sun jawo hankalin manyan sojoji zuwa ga rundunar. 

Deep Chand Bahman: ॥भर्ती होले रे, थारे बाहर खड़े रंगरूट, आड़ै मिलै पाणाण उडै मिलै फुल बूट॥

FOOT सौ वर्ष के बाद म्य, सांगी दीपचंद आग्या, तख़्त बिछा साजिन्दे बिठान, तणवाग्या, देश चमोले तीन बोल के, इसे काफिये गाग्या, सरकार करै थी पथी पूग पीछ, दी, स्याणे की, बहुत पुराणी कहाणी, सुणियो हरियाणे की, घग्गर यमना बीच की, णारती - ku. रामकिशन kasuwanci

एक सौ सत्तर साल बाद, फेर दीपचंद होग्या, साजिन्दे तो बणा दिये, घोड़े का न निच्चै काला दामण ऊपर, लाल कन्द होग्या, चमोले को भूल गये, न्यू न्यारा त्या गनी काफिए गाये, INA बणी रंगत हाल की, हरियाणे की कहाणे की कहाणी सुणल्यो, दो सौ सिसाल की, कज चालगी, ये नई चाल की। - ku. मांगेराम

Asalin wasan kwaikwayo na swang an gano shi ne daga Kishan Lal Bhaat, wanda aka ce kimanin shekaru ɗari biyu da suka gabata ne ya kafa harsashin salon wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya na yanzu. Wani ra'ayi kuma ya ba da yabo ga Kavi Shankar Dass, wani mawakin mawaƙi, wanda ya kasance na Meerut . Wani sanannen majagaba na farko shi ne Ali Bux na Rewari, wanda ya yi nasarar shirya wasannin kwaikwayo masu taken Fasanai, Azad da Padmawat. Don kiɗa da waƙa, waɗannan Swaang na farko sun yi amfani da khayals da chambolas. Filin wasan kwaikwayo ya fi sauƙi, 'yan wasan kwaikwayo sun yi wasa daga wani wuri mai mahimmanci a tsakanin masu kallo. An samar da hasken ta hanyar mashals (tocilan Romawa).

Akwai manyan mutane shida na Lok Kavi waɗanda suka sanya Al'adun Haryanvi a kan kololuwar kololuwa.

* Pt Deep Chand Bahman
* Pt Lakhmi Chand
* Jat Mehar Singh
* Baje Bhagat
* Pt Mange Ram
* Pt Ramkishan Vyas

Pt. Ramkishan Vyas na Narnaund ( Hissar ), wanda a da aka fi sani da ' Vyas ji ', shahararre ne a fannin Haryanvi Saangs da Raagnis. Ya ƙirƙiro dabaru daban-daban wajen gabatar da raagnis ga jama'a, misali Soni da sauransu. Bugu da ƙari, Rohtak Aakashvani da Kurukshetra Aakashvani sun naɗa shi a matsayin Mai Ba da Shawara da Mai Ba da Shawara. Gwamnatin Haryana ta kuma bayyana cewa manyan jami'o'in Haryana ( Jami'ar Kurukshetra, Jami'ar Maharishi Dayanand, da sauransu) za su haɗa da tarihin rayuwarsa da raagnis a cikin manhajar karatunsu. A shekarar 1998, Gwamnatin Indiya ta girmama wannan shahararren mawaƙi ta hanyar lambar yabo daga Rohtak Aakashwani saboda goyon bayansa mai ban mamaki ga haɓakar Haryanvi Lok Sahitya. Ƙaramin ɗansa, Satyanarayan Shastri shi ma yana ci gaba da aikinsu na ɗaga Haryanvi Lok Sahitya ta hanyar rubuce-rubucensa. Satyanarayan Shastri mawaki ne na 'Ragnis' a aakashvani tun 1983.

Pt Surya Bhanu Shastri almajirin sa Dr Satish Kashyap da Dr Sandhya Sharma duk da cewa na Pt Lakhmi Chandgarna ne kuma sun shirya manyan Swangs / saangs kamar Padmavat, Kichak Draupadi, Phool Singh Nautani da kuma sanannen Jaani Chor amma sun yi a cikin kowane manyan Gharanas suna karya orthodox Branali / Gharan na Cast-Bramin. kuma tushen yanki.

Hardeva ya gyara salon Chambola ɗinsa kuma ya yi wasu canje-canje ga Haryanvi ragni (waƙar gargajiya). Bjae Nai, almajirin Hardeva, ya haɗa salon waƙoƙin gargajiya guda biyu. Pt. Nathu Ram, wani sanannen Swaangi ya horar da ɗalibai da yawa masu hazaka, waɗanda suka haɗa da Maan Singh, Bulli, Dina Lohar da Ram Singh. Anoop Lather, wani sanannen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, ya gabatar da Swang a Jami'ar Kurukshetra kuma ya shirya bukukuwan matasa na Swang kuma a karon farko ya shirya Swang Jaani Chor a proscenium tare da Satish Kashyap a 1999. Manish Joshi Bismil, wanda fitaccen darektan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Indiya, ɗan Hisar ne kuma sananne ne wajen haɓaka Swang a Haryana. A shekarar 2012, fim ɗinsa na baya-bayan nan Lakhmiprem ya zama babban aiki a kan Pandit Lakhmichand. Manish Joshi ya karɓi kyautar Ustaad Bismillah Khan Yuva Puraskar ta Sangeet Natak Akademi. Yana aiki a kan Pandit Mangeram'.

Dr. Satish Kashyap da Dr. Sandhya Sharma bisa jagorancin Pandit Suraj Bhan Shastri, almajirin Pt. Lakhmi Chand, sun yi sauye-sauye masu ban mamaki a wasan kwaikwayo na Swang. Farfaɗo da al'adun Swang shine babban buƙatar iskar oxygen ga fasahar da ke mutuwa. Dr. Satish Kashyap, wani mai fasaha da aka yi fice a duniya, shine ke jagorantar Mandali ɗaya tilo da ya tsira daga Swang. Yana yin wasan opera da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Sun yi wasa a matakan ƙasa da ƙasa, wato Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta Ƙasa (NSD), New Delhi da kuma Babban Taron Ƙasa da Ƙasa na SPIC MACAY a IIT, Mumbai. An zaɓe su a cikin "BHARANGAM" mai daraja wanda Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta Ƙasa, New Delhi ta shirya. Jami'ar CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar a matsayin shugaban Dr. Satish Kashyap, shi ma ya kafa wani sashe don haɓaka da adana Swang kuma ya shirya kuma ya shirya mafi kyawun fina-finai, wato Jaani Chor, Raja Vikramaditya, Phool Singh-Nautanki da sauransu.

Dr. Sandhya Sharma ita ce mace tilo da ta yi wa Swang wasa kuma ta rubuta kuma ta shirya sabbin Swangs guda biyu tare da abokin aikinta na mataki kuma mai ba ta shawara Dr. Satish Kashyap. An gina su ne akan Mahabharata. Sabbin Swangs sune GOPI-UDDAV da VEER-BARBRIK.

A ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, ƙungiyar *Swang* mata ne suka yi wasa a yammacin Uttar Pradesh da kuma yankin *Khaaddar* da ke kusa da Haryana . Mata ne suka yi dukkan rawar da ke cikin waɗannan ƙungiyoyin. Sardari na Kalayat ( Jind ), Natni na Gangaru, da Bali na Indri ( Karnal ) wasu daga cikin shugabannin irin waɗannan ƙungiyoyin ne. An san Pandit Lakhmi Chand na Jatti Kalan ( Sonipat ) da *Surya Kavi* (Sun Poet) a Haryanvi Raagnis . Babban Swang da ya shirya sun haɗa da Nal Damyanti, Meera Bai, Satyavan Savitri, Poorjan, Seth Tara Chand, Puran Bhagat da Shashi Lakarhara. Pt. Tuleram, ɗan Pt Lakhmi Chand ya ci gaba da al'adar wasan kwaikwayo kuma bayan haka ɗansa Vishnu har yanzu yana yin wasa a ƙauyukan Haryana, Uttar Pradesh da Rajasthan .

**Jerin Shahararrun Mawakan Haryana**

* Brahman Biharilal - ƙarni na 13
* Chetan Sharma - ƙarni na 13
* Balmukund Gupt - ƙarni na 16
* Girdhar - ƙarni na 16
* Shivkaur - ƙarni na 16
* Kishanlal Bhat - ƙarni na 16
* Sa'adulla - a lokacin 1760
* Bansilal - a lokacin 1802
* Ambaram - a cikin 1819
* Pandit Bastiram - (1841-1958)
* Ahmad Baksh- (1800–1850)
* Ali Baksh (1854–1899)
* Hiradas Udasi - a lokacin 1861
* Tau Saangi - a lokacin 1878
* Jamua Mir (1879–1959)
* Jaswant Singh Verma (1881–1957)
* Pt Deep Chand Bahman (1884–1940)
* Hardeva Swami (1884–1926)
* Man Singhing Bahman (1885-1955)
* Pandit Mairam (1886–1964)
* Surajbhan Verma (1889–1942)
* Pandit Shadiram (1889–1973)
* Pandit Sarupchand (1890-1956)
* Pandit Netram - a lokacin 1890
* Baje Bhagat (1898–1936)
* Pandit Harikesh (1898–1954)
* Pandit Nathu Ram (1902-1990)
* Pt Lakhmi Chand (1903–1945)
* Pandit Mange Ram (1906-1967)
* Shriram Sharma (1907–1966)
* Pandit Nand Lal (1913–1963)
* Dayachand Mayna (1915–1993)
* Munshiram Jandli (1915-1950)
* Pandit Jagdish Chandra (1916-1997)
* Pandit Maichand - a lokacin 1916
* Rai Dhanpat Singh (1916-1979)
* Dayachand Gopal - a lokacin 1916
* Pandit Ramanand - a lokacin 1917
* Jat Mehar Singh Dahiya (1918-1944)
* Sultan Shashtri - a lokacin 1919
* Jagora Nekiram (1915–1996)
* Kishan Chand Sharma - a lokacin 1922
* Khem Chand Swami - a shekarar 1923
* Chandralal Bhat (1923–2004)
* Gyaniram Shahstri - a shekarar 1923
* Pandit Ramkishan (1925-2003)
* Jagora Dayachand (1925-1945)
* Chandgiram (1926–1991)
* Pandit Raghunath (1922-1977)
* Pandit Tejram - a lokacin 1931
* Bharat Bhushan - a shekarar 1932
* Banwari Lal Theth (1932-1983)
* Jhamnlal - 1935
* Mahashay Saruppal (1937-2013)
* Pandit Jagannath - a lokacin 1939
* Pandit Tuleram - (1939-2008)
* Ranbir Dahiya - a lokacin 1950
* Chaturbhuj Bansal - lokacin 1951

## Duba kuma

* Kayan kida na Indiya
* Jerin raye-rayen gargajiya na Indiya
* Jerin fina-finan da aka yi a Haryanvi
* Waƙar Haryana
* Cinema na Haryanvi
* Sinimar Hindu

## Manazarta