Johan Hendrik Caspar Kern

**Johan Hendrik Caspar Kern** (6 ga Afrilu 1833 - 4 ga Yulin 1917) masanin harshe ne kuma masanin gabas. A cikin wallafe-wallafen, galibi ana kiransa **H. Kern** ko **Hendrik Kern**; wasu 'yan malamai suna da sunan mahaifi.&nbsp;

## Rayuwa
An haifi Hendrik Kern ga iyayen Dutch a garin Purworejo na Tsakiya na Java a cikin Dutch East Indies; duk da haka, lokacin da yake dan shekara shida, iyalinsa sun koma Netherlands. Lokacin da ya shiga makarantar sakandare, ya kara da batutuwa na Turanci da Italiyanci zuwa karatunsa.

A shekara ta 1850, ya tafi Jami'ar Utrecht don nazarin Letters. A shekara ta 1851, ya koma Jami'ar Leiden don karanta Sanskrit tare da Farfesa A. Rutgers . Bayan ya sami digiri na likita a shekara ta 1855, ya koma Berlin, inda ya ci gaba da karatunsa na Sanskrit a matsayin dalibi na Albrecht Weber, kuma ya ɗauki yarukan Jamusanci da Slavonic.

A lokacin da ya dawo Netherlands a 1858, Dokta Kern ya karbi mukamin a matsayin malami na Girkanci a Maastricht. A shekara ta 1863, an ba shi Farfesa a Benares, Indiya inda ya koyar da Sanskrit a Kwalejin Brahmana da Sarauniya har zuwa 1865, lokacin da aka ba shi Shugaban Sanskrit A Jami'ar Leiden. Ya kasance a can har sai da ya yi ritaya a 1903, lokacin da ya koma birnin Utrecht . A shekara ta 1866 ya zama memba na Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences . 

Farfesa Kern ya ci gaba da aiki bayan ya yi ritaya. Lokacin da matarsa ta mutu a 1916, ya yi baƙin ciki kuma ya wuce ta da kasa da shekara guda.

## Ayyuka
Tare da Herman Neubronner van der Tuuk, Kern an dauke shi daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa Nazarin Gabas a Netherlands. Sha'awarsa ga harsuna ya kasance mai girma, kamar yadda ya shaida shawarar da ya yanke na ɗaukar Turanci da Italiyanci yayin da yake ɗalibin makarantar sakandare. Bugu da kari, ya nuna iyawa ta musamman don karatu, da kuma sarrafawa, harsuna iri-iri.

Da farko, karatunsa sun ƙuntata ne ga harsunan Indo-Turai, daga ƙungiyar Jamusanci zuwa Sanskrit. Rubutun nasa, mai taken Specimen historicum exhibens scriptores Graecos de rebus Persicis Achaemenidarum monumentis collatos (1855) ya fadada filin zuwa Farisa, yana nuna cewa ana iya amfani da rubutun wannan harshe don fadada iliminmu na Tsohon Farisa. Yayinda yake Benares, ya yi amfani da kansa ga nazarin Harsunan Dravidian da kuma karɓar wasu Larabci da Ibrananci, amma kuma ya koyi isasshen yaren Hungary don ya iya karanta litattafai a cikin wannan yaren da ba Indo-Turai ba a cikin shekara guda. Nazarinsa ya hada da yarukan Malay.

A shekara ta 1874, ya buga wani bugu na aikin masanin taurari Āryabhata, don haka ya fitar da littafi na farko a rubutun Nagara a cikin Netherlands.

Baya ga inganta nazarin Sanskrit, Farfesa Kern ya kafa harsashin karatun Austronesian ta malaman Dutch. Ya kasance a matsayin mai kwatanta da masanin ilimin harshe wanda ya sami babban suna. A shekara ta 1879 ya yi aiki a kan rubutun Kambodiya, sannan ya mayar da hankalinsa ga Kawi (ko Tsohon Javanese) kuma a shekara ta 1886 ya nuna cewa Fijian da Polynesia Harsuna ne masu alaƙa. Shi ne masanin farko da ya ba da shawarar cewa harsunan Oceanic sun kasance rukuni na Austronesian (ko Malayo-Polynesian, kamar yadda ake kiran dangi harshe a lokacin), kuma a cikin 1906 ya buga binciken Aneityum da Erromanga, harsuna biyu a cikin reshen Vanuatu na rukuni na Oceanic.

## manazarta