Roparz Hemon

**Louis-Paul Némo** (an haife shie 18 Sha takwas ga watan  Nuwamba 1900 - 29 ga Yuni 1978), wanda aka fi sani da sunan **Roparz Hemon**, marubucin Breton ne kuma masanin magana na Breton. Shi ne marubucin ƙamus da yawa, ƙamus, waƙoƙi da gajerun labaru. Ya kuma kafa *Gwalarn*, mujallar wallafe-wallafen a Breton inda matasa marubuta da yawa suka buga rubuce-rubucen su na farko a cikin shekarun 1920 da 1930.

## Rayuwa da ayyukanta

Abin mamaki, Roparz Hemon, wanda aka haife shi a matsayin Louis Nemo a Brest, ba ɗan asalin yaren Breton ba ne.

Mahaifinsa, Eugène Nemo, an haife shi ba bisa ka'ida ba, amma mahaifinsa na zahiri ne ya ba shi kyauta, kuma ya ci gaba da zama injiniyan injiniya da jami'in sojan ruwa na Faransa. Mahaifiyarsa, Julie Foricher, malamar makarantar 'yan mata ce. Kodayake kakannin Hemon na Foricher sun kasance masu magana da harshen Breton, dukansu sun zaɓi yin magana da Faransanci kawai ga 'ya'yansu da jikoki. A lokacin haihuwar Hemon a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, 1900, iyalin sun kasance manyan matsakaitan aji.

Duk da tsanantawar addini na Affaire des Fiches, dangin Nemo sun ci gaba da yin Katolika kuma sun halarci Gafartawa Breton ta gargajiya, musamman wadanda ke Le Folgoët da Locronan. 'Yar'uwar Hemon daga baya ta tuna cewa ɗan'uwanta ya yi farin ciki sosai wajen jin wa'azin Breton da waƙoƙi, waɗanda ya ci gaba da ƙoƙarin karantawa daga baya, duk da cewa bai fahimce su ba.

Hemon ya yi aiki a cikin Sojojin Faransa a farkon Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, inda 'yan Jamus suka ji masa rauni kuma suka kama shi.

Komawa a Brest a watan Agustan 1940, ya dawo da buga *Gwalarn* .   A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1940, an nada shi a matsayin darektan shirye-shirye a Rediyo Roazhon-Breizh, watsa shirye-shiryen mako-mako na Harshen Breton wanda Propagandastaffel ya kafa. Daga 1941, ya jagoranci littafin mako-mako *Arvorus* . A watan Oktoba 1942, Leo Weisgerber ya nada Hemon don taimakawa wajen gano "Celtic Institute of Brittany". Hemon ya ba da wasu ayyuka ga Jamusawa, kamar taimakawa wajen tattara fayiloli game da *prefet* Ripert.

A lokacin 'yanci, Hemon ya gudu zuwa Nazi Jamus, inda aka tsare shi a kurkuku. Bayan shekara guda a kurkuku Jamhuriyar Faransa ta huɗu ta yanke masa hukuncin shekaru goma na "dégradation nationale" saboda laifin "Indignité nationale". Saboda haka ya yanke shawarar zuwa gudun hijira zuwa Ireland. Ya yi aiki a can don Cibiyar Nazarin Ci gaba ta Dublin. Ba zai taba komawa Brittany ba. Duk da wannan bai taɓa daina aiki don farfado da harshe Breton ba, kuma ya rubuta misali A Historical Morphology and Syntax of Breton a 1975. Ya kirkiro mujallar *Ar Bed Keltiek* wacce ta yi kama da *Kannadig Gwalarn* ko *Arvorus* . Ya mutu a shekara ta 1978 kuma an binne shi a Brest.

## Harin da aka yi wa sunansa
Sunan Hemon a matsayin malami ya haifar da sanya sunan cibiyoyin a Brittany bayan shi. A shekara ta 2000 jayayya ta tashi game da wannan, yayin da aka bincika kuma aka yada rawar da Hemon ya taka a matsayin mai haɗin gwiwa a lokacin Occupation. Wasu daga cikin maganganun da ya yi a lokacin an kuma binne su, musamman Ra'ayoyin adawa da Faransanci da aka bayyana a Ni hon unan . A sakamakon haka, makarantar Breton-medium, ko Diwan a Le Relecq-Kerhuon, da Cibiyar Al'adu ta Guingamp, wacce aka sanya wa suna bayan Hemon, dole ne su canza sunaye.

## manazarta