open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Régina Badet

**Anne Régina Badet** (9 Oktoba 1876 - 26 Oktoba 1949) yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Faransa, ɗan rawa, kuma tauraruwar Ópera-Comique de Paris .

## Sana'a

Badet ya kasance dan rawa na farko tare da Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux a cikin 1890. Ta fara da Opéra-Comique de Paris a 1904,  rawa a cikin samarwa na *Lakmé* (1905), *Aphrodite* (1906, wanda ta raba lissafin kuɗi tare da dan wasan rawa Mata Hari *)*,   (  (1908),  *Bacchus triomphant* (1909),  *Le Mariage de Télémaque* (1909), *Athanaïs* (1910), *Sapphô* (1912),  *[*  *La Grande Famille* (1914), *Un Mari dans du Coton* (1916),  ), *Les* Mari dans du Coton (1916) (1920), da *Le Venin* (1923). An san ta da ƙirƙirar rawar Conchita Perez a cikin wani shiri na  (1910), wanda suturar da ba ta dace ba ta kasance batun wani abin kunya.

Badet ya fito a cikin fina-finan shiru na Faransa *Le Secret de Myrto* (1908), *Le Retour d'Ulysse* (1909), *Carmen* (1910), *La Saltarella* (1912), *Zoé a le cœur trop tendre* ( *Katin Ƙarshe na Mace,* 1912),  *Le Specter du passé* (1913), *(* 1919), *Manuel* (1919 *) d'or* ( *The Golden Lotus*, 1916),   *Sadounah* ( *Babu Babban Ƙauna* 1919), da *Maître Évora* (1922).

Rawar da take yi sau da yawa tana cikin salon da aka fi sani da na waje, [1] tana nuni ga jigogi na da ko na " gabas ". [2] "Mlle. Badet ba ta gamsu da kyawun kyawunta ba," in ji wani marubuci ɗan Amurka, "amma don gudanar da salon daga yanayin wasan kwaikwayo da kuma a idanunmu na ban dariya da 'wasan kwaikwayo' waɗanda suka sami tagomashi sosai a wurin tsoffin mutane, zuwa rawa na ra'ayoyi da motsin rai na tsari mafi girma da na waƙa, waɗanda aka haɗa su da ayoyi na girmamawa da kuma miƙa wa allahiya da take bauta wa." [3] Wata mujallar Amurka ta bayyana ta a matsayin "A Dancing Bernhardt ," tana ambaton ta tana cewa "Kowace mace za ta iya rayuwa ta fasaha," kuma "Yanayi bai taɓa nufin mace ɗaya ta kasance mai sauƙi ko mara kyau ba." [4]

An yi la'akari da Badet a matsayin kyakkyawar kyakkyawar filin wasan kwaikwayo na Paris.  An sanya wa wani nau'in fure suna "Regina Badet" a shekarar 1909.  A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, ta kasance mai himma a cikin Union des Arts, ƙwararrun masu wasan kwaikwayo a Paris suna tara kuɗi don agajin yaƙi. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An ruwaito cewa an gina Château Marbuzet da ke Bordeaux don Badet akan kuɗi mai yawa. Har yanzu yana nan a matsayin wani ɓangare na gonar inabi.  Mai wasan piano Arthur Rubinstein ya bayyana wata alaƙar jirgin ruwa da Badet, a kan hanyarsu ta zuwa Argentina a 1917.  Badet ta mutu a 1949, tana da shekaru 73, a Bordeaux. Mijinta François Merman ya rasu a gidanta na shekaru uku.

A shekarar 2016, jarumar fim Hélèna Soubeyrand ta fito a fim din Faransa mai *suna Chocolat*, game da matakin Paris na ƙarshen ƙarni na sha tara.

## Manazarta
Madam Arnaud

**Madam Arnaud** gwauruwa ce ga wani jami'in sojojin Faransa, ta kafa rundunar sa-kai ta mata ' yan Faransa da Belgium don tsaron ƙasa a shekarar 1915, kuma ta nemi a ba mata aikin yi a rundunar sojojin Faransa. [1]

## Manazarta
Jeanne Macherez

**Jeanne Macherez** (12 Afrilu 1852 - 9 Disamba 1930) jarumar Faransa ce a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya . A shekara ta 1914, ta ayyana kanta a matsayin Magajin Garin Soissons .   

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Jehanne Louise Virginie Wateau a Guise a ranar 12 ga Afrilu, 1852. Ita 'yar manoma ce, Virgil Wateau da Valentine Dorigny. Ta yi aure a Metz, Alfred Macherez wanda daga baya ya zama babban lauya, mataimakin kuma sanata na Aisne . Ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Soissons. Alfred ya mutu a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 1904.   

Macherez ta himmatu sosai wajen ayyukan jin kai. Ta kafa ƙungiyar, Goutte de lait, wadda ke taimaka wa jarirai. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar yankin Soissons-Braine na Ƙungiyar Matan Faransa kuma memba ce a ƙungiyar agaji ta Red Cross ta Faransa .   

Lokacin da Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya ya ɓarke, Macherez ta jagoranci Asibitin Taimako #201, wanda ke da motocin ɗaukar marasa lafiya 10. [1] Jamusawan sun isa Soissons a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 1914. Wani jami'i, yana neman kayayyaki, ya shiga birnin ya nemi ya yi magana da magajin gari. Ya yi barazanar cewa idan magajin gari bai miƙa kansa ba, za a kori birnin, a ƙone shi. Macherez ya yi magana: "Magajin gari? Ni ne!". Tsawon kwana goma sha biyu, ita ce mai shiga tsakanin Jamusawan. Ta yi shawarwari kan komai, ta sami nasarar rage mummunan tasirin wannan mamayar, kuma ta kare yankin daga cin zarafi da satar kayan Jamusawa. A ranar 12 ga Satumba, 1914, a ƙarshen Yaƙin Farko na Marne, an tilasta wa Jamusawan su saki ikon Soissons, kuma su mamaye gefen dama na Aisne kawai. Macherez ta ci gaba da aikinta a asibiti tare da wani ɗan Paris, Germaine Malaterre-Sellier . [1] Daga nan sai shugaban Aisne, Robert Leullier, ya naɗa Georges Muzart a matsayin magajin garin Soissons. Wasu sun yaba wa rawar da Macherez ya taka, wasu kuma suka rage ta. Ba ta yi ikirarin komai ba, sai dai ta lura cewa yanayin da ya sa ta ɗauki wannan matsayi ne ya sa ta ɗauki wannan matsayi. [2] [3] [1]

Macherez ya mutu a Soissons a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 1930.   

## Lambobin yabo da girmamawa

* 3 ga Yuni, 1916, Kyautar Audifred ta Kwalejin Kimiyyar Ɗabi'a da Siyasa 
* Oktoba 1920, Jarumin Ƙungiyar Daraja 
* A ranar 20 ga Disamba, 1955, an sanya wa wani titi suna a gundumar Saint-Crépin ta Soissons 

## Manazarta
Gabrielle Dorziat

**Gabrielle Dorziat** (25 Janairu 1880 - 30 Nuwamba 1979) ' yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Faransa a dandamali da fina-finai .  Dorziat ƙwararriya ce mai tsara salon kwalliya a Paris kuma ta taimaka wajen yaɗa zane-zanen Coco Chanel . An sanya wa Théâtre Gabrielle-Dorziat a Épernay, Faransa suna saboda ita.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife ta a shekara ta 1880. Dorziat ta fara fitowa a kan dandamali a shekara ta 1898 a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Royal Park da ke Brussels . Ta koma Paris ta kuma fito a cikin fim ɗin Alfred Capus ' La Bourse ou la vie (1900), amma wasan kwaikwayonta a matsayin Thérèse Herbault a cikin Chaîne anglaise (1906) ne ya jawo hankalin jama'a. Ta shahara da rayuwarta a waje da dandamali, inda ta fara soyayya da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo Lucien Guitry da Louis Jouvet . Ta yi abota ta kud da kud da Jean Cocteau, Jean Giraudoux, Coco Chanel, Paul Bourget da Henri Bernstein . A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya Dorziat ta bar Faransa don yawon shakatawa a Amurka inda ta tara kuɗi don 'yan gudun hijirar yaƙi. Bayan yaƙin ta zagaya Kanada, Kudancin Amurka da sauran Turai .

A shekarar 1921 Dorziat ta fito a fim ɗinta na farko *mai suna L'Infante à la rose* . Ta ci gaba da fitowa a fina-finai sama da sittin, ciki har da *Mayerling*, *Les Parents terrestrials* da *Manon* . A shekarar 1925, ta auri Count Michel de Zogheb, abokin Sarki Fuad I na Masar . Ta buga tarihin rayuwarta *a Côté, côté jardin* a shekarar 1968. 

Ta mutu a shekarar 1979.

## Manazarta
Anna Hamilton

**Anna Hamilton** (22 ga Mayu 1864 - 19 Oktoba 1935) likita ce ta Faransa, mai kula da Asibitin Protestant da ke Bordeaux na tsawon shekaru 34, kuma mai goyon bayan ƙwarewa a fannin aikin jinya.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Anna-Emilie Hamilton a Fiesole, 'yar wata 'yar Faransa Zulma Pilatte da Frederic Hamilton, wani Ba'amurke ɗan ƙasar Ingila mai arziki, wanda ke zaune a Faransa. Ta yi karatu a Chambéry da Geneva, kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta yi rajista a makarantar likitanci a Marseille . Ta sami digirin likitanci a Montpellier a shekarar 1901, tare da wani rubutu da ke nuna gyare-gyare ga horar da ma'aikatan jinya a Faransa.   Daga baya aka buga takardar neman aikin a matsayin littafi. 

## Sana'a

Hamilton ta halarci taron farko na Majalisar Ma'aikatan Jinya ta Duniya a Landan a shekarar 1899. Ta zama shugabar Asibitin Protestant da ke Bordeaux (La Maison de santé protestante de Bordeaux) daga 1901, kuma ta kafa Makarantar Ma'aikatan Jinya ta Florence Nightingale da ke da alaƙa.  Ta yi imanin cewa ya fi kyau ga ma'aikaciyar jinya ta horar da ma'aikatan jinya, don haka ta ɗauki Catherine Ellston 'yar Ingila don ta jagoranci makarantar koyon aikin jinya.  

Kafin ƙarni na ashirin, yawancin ayyukan jinya a asibitocin Faransa 'yan'uwa mata ne masu addini ke gudanar da su;  Hamilton ya yi tsokaci game da bambancin, yana cewa "Abin da ya fi ba wa likitoci mamaki (ko kaɗan ba su nuna wariya ga ma'aikatan jinya mata) shi ne gaskiyar cewa suna yi wa marasa lafiya abubuwa da yawa da malaman cocin za su ƙi yi, kuma ba sa tattaunawa da kuma tsoma baki da umarnin likita." 

A shekara ta 1904, ita da Julie Siegfried su ne mata biyu kacal da aka karɓa a cikin Ƙungiyar Furotesta don Nazarin Ayyuka na Batutuwan Zamantakewa (l'Association protestante pour l'étude pratique des questions sociales), wata ƙungiya da Tommy Fallot da Charles Gide suka kafa. A shekara ta 1906, ta kafa La Garde-Malade hospitalière, mujallar ƙwararru ta farko ga ma'aikatan jinya a cikin Faransanci. Ta kuma kafa Majalisar Daraktocin Asibitoci ta Faransa (le Conseil national français des directices d'hôpitaux). A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Asibitin Protestant ya zama asibitin soja. Ta shafe watanni da dama tana rangadin lacca a Amurka a shekara ta 1919, wanda American Red Cross ta ɗauki nauyinsa, tana tara kuɗi don faɗaɗa asibitoci da inganta su. [1] [2] A shekara ta 1930, an naɗa Hamilton jarumi na Legion of Honor .

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Hamilton ta yi murabus daga mukaminta na shugaban Asibitin Protestant a shekarar 1934. Ta mutu sakamakon cutar kansa a shekarar 1935, tana da shekaru 71.  Akwai wasiƙun da Hamilton ya rubuta a cikin Mary Adelaide Nutting Papers, Kwalejin Malamai, Jami'ar Columbia . Makarantar koyon aikin jinya da Hamilton ta kafa har yanzu tana aiki. 

## Manazarta
Yvonne Garrick

**Yvonne Garrick** (an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Yuli 1875) 'Yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Faransa a fagen daga.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Yvonne Garrick Eugénie Marie Louise Garchery a Charrolles .  Ta yi karatun wasan kwaikwayo tare da Maurice de Féraudy a Conservatoire de Paris .  Ta lashe kyautar mafi girma tsakanin ɗalibai mata lokacin da ta kammala karatunta daga Conservatoire a 1900. 

## Sana'a

### A birnin Paris
Garrick sabuwar jaruma ce lokacin da ta fito a *Château Historique* a shekarar 1900 a Theatre National de l'Odéon .  Ta taka rawar gani a *Psyche*, kuma ta fito a *Le Mariage de Figaro*, *Colinette*, da *La Nuit de Mai*,  a Odéon, duk a shekarar 1901.  Garrick ya fito a *Le Luxe des Autres* a Odéon a shekarar 1902.  Tare da Comédie-Française a shekarar 1905, ta taka rawar Jessica a *Shylock, ou le Marchand de Venice* .  Ta taka rawar gani a *Jeanne Qui Rit* a Théatre Rejane a shekarar 1908.  A shekarar 1909, a Odéon, ta taka rawar gani a *Le Poussin* .  Ta fito a cikin barkwancin Edouard Pailleron mai suna *Le Monde où l'on s'enuie* tare da Comédie Francaise, kuma ta koma wannan shirin zuwa Amurka. 

### A Arewacin Amurka
Fim ɗin Garrick na farko a New York ya zo ne a shekarar 1915, a cikin fim ɗin ban dariya *Mon Ami Teddy* .  Ta sake bayyana rawar da ta taka a *fim ɗin Le Monde où l'on s'ennuie* kuma ta kasance a cikin *Arsène Lupin* da *La Sacrifiee*, duk a cikin fim ɗin Theater Francais na New York a bazara na 1916.     A shekarar 1919, ta fito a cikin *Frou Frou* a Montréal,  da kuma fim ɗin *Le Gendre de M. Poirier* a Theatre du Vieux Columbier;  kuma tana cikin wani kamfani a Lenox Little Theatre.  A shekarar 1920, Garrick ta yi rangadin Amurka a cikin gajerun wasanni uku, tare da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Belgium Carlo Liten;  ta kuma fito a cikin *fim ɗin Musk* a Broadway a wannan shekarar.    A shekarar 1921 ta yi wa jakadan Faransa Jean Jules Jusserand jawabi a wani liyafa da Cercle Rochambeau ya yi a birnin New York. 

### Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya ya amfana da wasannin kwaikwayo
A watan Janairun 1916, Garrick ta kasance cikin ƙungiyar 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da marubuta don karanta wasiƙu daga littafin Edith Wharton mai suna The Book of the Homeless, a wani taron tara kuɗi don ayyukan agajin yaƙi, a ɗakin zane-zane da ke New York. [1] Ta kasance cikin shirye-shiryen wasannin fa'idodin yaƙi a shekarar 1918, ciki har da wani kade-kade na Secours Franco-Americain a Ritz-Carlton [2] da kuma wani taron tara kuɗi na Lake Placid, NY ga American Friends of Musicians a Faransa, [3] da kuma rera waƙa a Le Petit Abbé, wani wasan opera mai wasan kwaikwayo ɗaya ta Charles Grisart a Metropolitan Opera, wanda kuma ya ƙunshi Enrico Caruso da Frances Alda.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An buga jita-jita cewa Garrick zai auri attajiri ɗan Amurka James Hazen Hyde a shekarar 1906.  Wani hoto a cikin Laburare na Majalisa ya nuna ta a matsayin "Yvonne Garrick Garchery" a shekarun 1910. 

## Manazarta
Jenny Dufau

**Jenny Dufau** (18 Yuli 1878 - 29 Agusta 1924) mawaƙiyar opera ce da aka haifa a Jamus wadda ta sami nasararta a Chicago .

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Dufau a ranar 18 ga Yuli, 1878 a Rothau, Alsace-Lorraine,  'yar dillalin lilin Alfred Dufau.  Tun tana yarinya, ta horar da yin aiki a matsayin mai tukwane, sana'ar mahaifinta.  Ta yi karatun kiɗa a Berlin tare da Etelka Gerster kuma ta fara yin wasa a shekarar 1906 a Weimar a matsayin Sarauniya a *Les Huguenots* . Ta kuma yi karatu tare da Mathilde Marchesi, Paul Vidal, da Alessandro Guagni Benvenuti.  

## Sana'a
Dufau ta fara aikinta a shekarar 1910 a Italiya a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Vittorio Emanuele da ke Ancona, a matsayin Filina a Mignon . A shekarun 1910 da 1911 ta yi wasan kwaikwayo a gidajen Italiya daban-daban da kuma a Lirico na Bucharest da Royal na Atene . A ƙarshen shekarar 1911 ta tafi Amurka, Andreas Dippel ya yi mata aiki a kamfanin Chicago Grand Opera . [1]

A Chicago, Dufau ta kasance babbar mai waƙar soprano, wacce aka yi wa laƙabi da "ƙaramin mai waƙar soprano". Ta yi wasa a cikin wasan opera kamar *Die Walküre*, *The Barber of Seville*, da *I gioielli della Madonna* . A shekarar 1914, ta rera taken Massenet's *Manon* don Boston Opera Company .  A shekarar 1916, Dufau ta ƙaura zuwa New York, kuma ta mayar da hankali kan rera waƙoƙin kade-kade a duk faɗin ƙasar,  musamman a bikin Ravinia, Hamilton Park (Chicago), da Symphony Hall, Boston . Mawakiyar Amurka Frank La Forge ta rubuta mata waƙoƙi, waɗanda ta yi a waɗannan wasannin kade-kade.   Dufau ta rubuta waƙoƙi don wasannin kade-kadenta, gami da "A Soldier I Shall Be", waƙar yaƙi ta ƙasa. 

Dufau ta kuma shiga cikin wani sabon salon fasaha mai suna "Cinema Concerts", inda ta rera waka da fina-finan shiru . A shekarar 1916, ta yi wasa da fim ɗin *The Law Decides* . Ta rubuta aƙalla wani fim mai shiru, *My Prince Charming* . 

Dufau ta koma Turai bayan ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya kuma ta yi wasa a shekarar 1918 a Royal of Madrid da ke *Barbiere di Siviglia* . Waƙarta ta ƙarshe da aka nuna a wasan kwaikwayo ita ce a *Lucia di Lammermoor* da aka bayar a Teatro Toselli na Cuneo .

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Dufau tana ziyartar iyalinta a Alsace a shekarar 1914, lokacin da ta tsira da kyar daga kisa a matsayin mai leƙen asiri.   Ta mutu a ranar 29 ga Agusta, 1924 a Pau, Faransa.  Akwai wani taskar takardunta a ɗakin karatu na Newberry da ke Chicago. 

## Manazarta
Marie Drouet

**Marie Drouet** (an haife **ta** a ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1885 a Charteves - 19 ga Nuwamba, 1963 a Bétheny ) jarumar Faransa ce a Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife ta a ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1885, a Charteves a sashen Aisne,   ita ce 'ya ta uku ga Auguste Juillard da Victorine Marchand.

Ta auri Charles Drouet a ranar 15 ga Janairu, 1906, a Bétheny inda take zaune  kuma tana da shagon kayan abinci mai suna "Le Pot-au-rouge" a titin Henri-Gand.

A shekarar 1914, mijin Marie Drouet yana kan gaba a Verdun . Duk da cewa iyalanta sun tsare ta da 'ya'ya huɗu, ta ceci mutane da yawa da suka ji rauni a fagen daga da ke kewaye da Reims .

Ta rasu a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba, 1963, a Bétheny, inda ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai sayar da kayan abinci.   

### Jarumin farar hula na Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya
A duk tsawon rikicin, ta guji sansanonin Faransa da Jamus, ta ɗauki waɗanda suka ji rauni daga fagen daga zuwa asibiti ta amfani da garma da jakinta.    Ta kuma sanar da mayaƙan Faransa game da matsayin Jamusawa  ta hanyar zare takardu da aka nuna a tagogi. 

Ana zargin jami'an leƙen asirin Faransa da yi wa abokan gaba aiki, umarnin da ke tare da kyaftin ɗin da ya zo kama ta a gidanta ya wanke ta. Ya gane mutumin da ya ɗauki waɗanda suka ji rauni, aka rufe lamarin kuma Marie ta amsa laifinta.

A wannan lokacin ne ta haifi ɗanta na biyar.  

### Gado
Marie ta sami lambar yabo daga birnin Reims jim kaɗan bayan yaƙin Armistice, bayan haka ba a san ko ta waye ba har sai da ta mutu a shekarar 1963. Watan bayan binne ta, wani labari a jaridar *L'Union* ya ba da labarin nasarorin da ta samu.   

A shekarar 2014, har yanzu a cikin wannan jaridar, an yi mata wani rubutu na biyu a lokacin da aka cika shekaru ɗari na Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya. [1] [2] A watan Afrilun 2018, Val-de-Vesle ta keɓe mata titi. [3] A watan Satumba na 2018, a lokacin Ranar Gado, Ƙungiyar Abokan Tsohuwar Bétheny, ta shirya wani baje koli da aka keɓe mata a gidan tarihi na Bétheny don tunawa da ceto ta daga waɗanda suka ji rauni. [4] A shekarar 2018, a lokacin tunawa da Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya na 11 ga Nuwamba 1918, an yi mata girmamawa a gaban abin tunawa da matattu na Bétheny. [5]

## Manazarta
Dora na Phillippe

**Dora de Phillippe** (an haife ta a ranar 16 ga Oktoba, 1887 - ta mutu bayan Fabrairu 1931), an haife ta **Dora Auspitz**, mawaƙiyar opera ce ta Faransa mai waƙar soprano, wacce ke zaune a Arewacin Amurka, kuma an san ta da aikinta na agajin yaƙi a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya .

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Dora Auspitz a birnin Paris, 'yar Jules Auspitz da Augustine Bruckner Auspitz.  Ta yi horo a matsayin mawaƙi a Berlin da Vienna. Tallarta ta ce tana da "al'adar Faransa da Austria" kuma mahaifinta ma'aikacin banki ne kuma marubuci. 

## Sana'a

Dora de Phillippe ta fara yin waka a Amurka a shekarar 1902,  kuma ta riga ta kasance "mawaƙiya mai ƙwarewa a maƙaryaci," tana yin waƙoƙin soubrette a San Francisco, a shekarar 1904.   Ta rera waƙa tare da National Opera of Canada, Chicago Grand Opera Company, da Aborn Opera Company, da sauransu.    Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka fara yin waƙar *Madama Butterfly* a Turanci ga masu sauraron Amurka,  kuma an yaba mata da rera ɓangaren Cio-Cio-San fiye da kowace mawaƙiya a lokacin.  Ta kuma rera waƙar da Italiyanci. 

Sauran rawar da De Phillippe ta taka sun haɗa da Nedda a cikin *fim ɗin Pagliacci* da Micaela a cikin *fim ɗin Carmen* .  A shekarar 1916, ta fara a matsayin mai gabatar da shirye-shirye na Chautauqua,  tana fatan kawo wasan opera ga masu sauraro marasa al'ada a wajen manyan biranen.  

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, de Phillippe ta kasance mai himma a aikin yaƙi, tana tallata ƙoƙarin da Red Cross ta Amurka ke yi na samar da tufafi masu ɗumi ga sojoji, da kuma ba da kade-kade na agaji ga Red Cross  da kuma na Liberty Bonds .  An yi ta neman rawar *La Marseillaise*, musamman saboda "ba a cika yin waƙar da himma fiye da lokacin da take rera ta ba." 

Bayan yaƙin da kuma lokacin da aka yi wa zawarawa, de Phillippe ta ci gaba da yin wasan kwaikwayo a kan dandamali [1] da kuma da'irar Chautauqua . [2] Ta jagoranci kamfanin yawon shakatawa nata a shekarar 1926. [3] Ta kuma ci gaba da ba da kade-kade ga ƙungiyoyin agaji, ciki har da Asusun Agajin Makafi na Philadelphia a shekarar 1927. [4] A shekarar 1931, ta rera waƙa a birnin New York. [5]

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Dora de Phillippe ta auri manajan wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka Arthur S. Phinney a shekarar 1909.  Phinney ta mutu a shekarar 1920.  

## Manazarta
Lilian Greuze

**Lilian Greuze** (1890) 1950) ta kasance yar ƙasar Faransa mai tallan kayan kawa, kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a fagen wasanni da kuma allunan talabijin. Ta fito daga birnin Paris, ƙasar Faransa.

## Fasahar wasan kwaikwayo (halayyar jari)
Ta kasance ƴar Sarah Bernhardt kuma ta yi wasa a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Faransa da ke West 44th Street a Manhattan (New York). Fitowarta ta farko a New York ta zo ne a lokacin kakar wasan kwaikwayo ta 1915. Greuze tana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan Faransa da Lucien Laurent Bonheur, darektan gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Faransa ya ɗauke ta aiki.

Ta yi wasan kwaikwayo mai ban dariya mai taken *Makarantar Turanci* a wasanta na farko a Amurka. An haɗa ta da George Ranavant. Wani mai lura ya yi magana game da ƙwarewarta ta magana, *Furucinta ya yi daidai da yadda aka daidaita muryarta har aka ji kowace kalma a bayan ɗakin taro.*

A watan Disamba na shekarar 1915 ta yi wasa da Paul Gavault a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Faransa da ke *Mademoiselle Josette Ma Femme* . A matsayinta na *Josette*, Greuze ta nuna halin da ya sa Billie Burke ta shahara. Wani mai sharhi ya yi tsokaci mai kyau game da kyawun wasanta na wasan kwaikwayo, yana ambaton *wasanta mai ban sha'awa* .

## 'Yar wasan fina-finai
Greuze ya fito a matsayin *Marian Somerset* a cikin *fim ɗin The Recoil* (1917), tare da William Courtenay . Wannan fim mai ban dariya labari ne mai sauri game da ƙoƙarin ceton wani mutum mara laifi daga kashe wutar lantarki ta hanyar shiga tsakani da gwamnan. Laburare na Congress ya adana kwafin wannan fim ɗin da bai cika ba. Ɗayan fim ɗin ya ɓace.

Aikinta na wasan kwaikwayo ya ci gaba a Faransa, Jamus, da Italiya har zuwa shekarun 1930. Fim ɗin Greuze bayan fim ɗin *The Recoil* ya haɗa da rawar da ya taka a cikin fim ɗin *Hier et aujord'hui* (1918), *Simone* (1918), *Tragedia senza lagrime* (1919), *Maître Bolbec et son mari* (1934), *Fanatisme* (1934), da *Bux the Clown* (1935).

## Taimakon jama'a
A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1915 aka biya ta dala $200 don sumbatar jirgin ruwan Faransa Rochambeau. Jirgin yana kan hanyarsa ta zuwa New York kuma Greuze yana raba jakar tara kuɗi don agaji. Ta ji wani mutum yana cewa zai ba da kuɗin a madadin sumbatarta. An ba da kuɗin ne don amfanin marayun masu gyaran tufafi na Faransa waɗanda aka kashe a fagen daga a yaƙi.

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Greuze ta yi aiki da Red Cross a fagen daga na Faransa a shekarar 1917. Ta kasance ma'aikaciyar jinya a wani asibiti a Neuilly tun daga farkon yaƙin. Gimbiya Henriette, Duchess ta Vendôme da Alençon ne suka gudanar da asibitin.

## Manazarta

*
Louise Thuliez

**Louise Thuliez** (12 Disamba 1881 - 10 Oktoba 1966) malamar makaranta ce ta Faransa, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya da Yaƙin Duniya na biyu kuma marubuciya.

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Thuliez a Preux-au-Bois, arewacin Faransa a ranar 12 ga Disamba 1881. 

Lokacin da Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya ya ɓarke, Thuliez tana aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta a Saint-Waast-la Vallée . Ta zama wani ɓangare na wata ƙungiyar agaji ta ƙasa da ke taimaka wa sojojin ƙawance waɗanda suka makale a bayan layin abokan gaba su fita daga Belgium su shiga Holland. Ta yi aiki tare da Edith Cavell, Philippe Baucq da Gimbiya Marie ta Croÿ . 

A lokacin da hukumomin Jamus suka rufe hanyar sadarwa, sun ceto sojoji kusan 200. [1] Thuliez ita ce ta farko da aka kama, tare da Philippe Baucq a ranar 31 ga Yuli 1915. Kotun soji ta Jamus ta yanke mata hukuncin kisa [2] amma daga baya aka rage hukuncin zuwa daurin rai da rai saboda shiga tsakani da Alfonso XIII na Spain ya yi. [3] An tsare ta a gidan yarin Saint-Gilles da ke Brussels kuma aka sake ta a ranar 8 ga Nuwamba 1918. [4]

Thuliez ta buga wani littafi a shekarar 1933  game da abubuwan da ta fuskanta a gidan yari, mai taken *An yanke mata hukuncin kisa* wanda ya lashe kyautar Montyon a shekarar 1935. 

Thuliez ya sake yin aiki tare da Gimbiya Marie de Croÿ a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu . Thuliez ya taimaka wa sojojin ƙawancen su tsere daga yankin Auvergne na Faransa da aka mamaye yayin da de Croÿ ya ɓoye sojoji a wani gidan sarauta a Bellignies . 

Ta mutu a birnin Paris a ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 1966.  A shekarar 1970, an gina mutum-mutumin Thuliez a Preux-au-Bois, kuma an sanya wa wani titi a birnin Paris suna a shekarar 1974. 

## Manazarta
Véra Sergine

**Véra Sergine** (an haife ta **Marie Marguerite Aimée Roche** ; 18 ga Agusta, 1884 - 19 ga Agusta, 1946) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Faransa (kodayake sunan ta na mataki yana nufin ana yawan kiranta da Rashanci). Ta auri jarumi Pierre Renoir kuma ita ce mahaifiyar mai shirya fina-finai Claude Renoir .

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Marie Marguerite Aimée Roche a birnin Paris. Mahaifinta ya yi aiki a Ma'aikatar Shari'a da Addini.  Ta yi horo a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a Conservatoire de Paris, kuma ta lashe kyautar farko yayin da take can, don Tashin Hankali. 

## Sana'a
Sergine 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce a fagen daga a birnin Paris. Ta fito a cikin fim ɗin *Une lâche* (1907) tare da Albert Dieudonné,  *Le Grand Soir* (1908),   *The Children's Cardinal, L'Aiglon ,*  da kuma *Phedre* na Racine.  Mai suka André Germain ya ɗauke ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin "mafi kyawun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo uku a birnin Paris" a shekarar 1921, tare da Berthe Bady da Ève Francis . 

Sergine ya fito a cikin fina-finai na shiru da yawa, ciki har da *Mary Stuart* (1908), *Babban Breach* (1909), *Pygmalion* (1910), *L'écharpe* (1911), *Moderne Galathée* (1911), *Les deux gosses* (1912, 1916), *Pro Patria* *(* 1914), *Le méntstecin* (19)

Surukinta, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, ya zana hotonta a shekarar 1914.  A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, ta yi tafiya zuwa asibitin sojoji don ta shaida wa Jean Renoir da ya ji rauni mutuwar mahaifiyarsa Aline Charigot, kuma ta haifar da hayaniya da gajeren rigarta da gashinta da aka yanke.  An haɗa wannan shirin a cikin fim ɗin Renoir na 1937, *La Grande Illusion* .  A shekarar 1916, ta rera waƙar Saint-Georges de Bouhélier ta *Ode to Our Friends in the United States*, a wani taro a Sorbonne . 

Sergine ta ci gaba da yin wasan kwaikwayo har zuwa shekarun 1920, kuma an ɗauke ta a matsayin misali na salon matan Paris.   A shekarar 1927, ta yi rangadin aiki a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin "jakadiyar kayan kwalliya ta Faransa", a Asiya da Arewacin Amurka. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Véra Sergine ta auri abokin aikinta Pierre Renoir a shekarar 1914; sun rabu a shekarar 1925. Sun haifi ɗa, mai shirya fina-finai Claude Renoir, wanda aka haifa a shekarar 1913. Ta kuma yi dangantaka da jarumi Henri Rollan . Ta mutu a shekarar 1946, a Cagnes-sur-Mer, tana da shekaru 62. [1] 'Yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Faransa Sophie Renoir (an haife ta a shekarar 1964) jika ce.

## Manazarta
Jacqueline Auriol

**Jacqueline Marie-Thérèse Suzanne Auriol**  ; née Douet ; 5 ga Nuwamba 1917 - 11 ga Fabrairu 2000) wani jirgin saman Faransa ne wanda ya kafa tarihi da dama na gudun duniya.  

## Tarihin Rayuwa

An haife ta a Challans, Vendée, 'yar wani attajiri mai gina jiragen ruwa, Edmond Pierre Douet,  ta kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Nantes sannan ta karanci fasaha a École du Louvre da ke Paris . 

A shekarar 1938, ta auri Paul Auriol, ɗan Vincent Auriol (wanda daga baya ya zama Shugaban Faransa ).  A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, ta yi aiki don yaƙi da mamayar da Jamus ta yi wa Faransa ta hanyar taimaka wa ' Yan Tawayen Faransa .

Ta fara tukin jirgin sama a shekarar 1946, ta sami lasisin tukin jirgin sama a shekarar 1948 kuma ta zama ƙwararren mai tukin jirgin sama da kuma matukin jirgi mai gwada ƙwarewa. Auriol ta ji mummunan rauni a wani hatsarin jirgin SCAN 30 wanda ta kasance fasinja a shekarar 1949 - ƙasusuwan da ke fuskarta da yawa sun karye - kuma ta shafe kusan shekaru uku a asibitoci tana gudanar da ayyukan gyara sau 33. [1] Domin ta nishadantar da kanta, ta yi nazarin algebra, trigonometry, aerodynamics, da sauran fannoni da ake buƙata don samun takardar shaidar tukin jirgin sama mai zurfi.

She earned a military pilot license in 1950 then qualified as one of the first female test pilots. She was among the first women to break the sound barrier and set five world speed records in the 1950s and 1960s.

A lokuta huɗu, wani shugaban ƙasar Amurka ya ba ta kyautar Harmon International Trophy domin girmama nasarorin da ta samu a fannin jiragen sama. Ta taɓa bayyana sha'awarta ta tashi da cewa: "Ina jin daɗi sosai idan ina tashi. Wataƙila jin iko ne, jin daɗin mamaye injin da ya yi kyau kamar doki mai girman gaske . Tare da waɗannan abubuwan farin ciki, akwai wani irin jin daɗi da ba shi da tushe, na aikin da aka cimma. Duk lokacin da na taka ƙafa a filin jirgin sama, ina jin daɗi da sabon farin ciki cewa nan ne inda na dace."

A shekarar 1970, ta buga wani tarihin rayuwarta, *I Live to Fly*, a cikin Faransanci da Turanci . 

Auriol da mijinta sun rabu a shekarar 1967 suka sake yin aure a shekarar 1987. Sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu tare, dukkansu maza ne.  A shekarar 1983 ta zama memba ta kafa ƙungiyar French *Académie de l'air et de l'espace* .

## Manazarta
Yehudith Birk

**Yehudith Birk** (Ibraniyawa; 30 ga Satumba 1926 - 14 ga Janairu 2013) masanin kimiyyar halittu ne ɗan ƙasar Poland, wanda aka ba shi lambar yabo ta Isra'ila ta 1998 don binciken noma.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Yehudith Gershtanski (daga baya Birk) a Grajewo, Poland ga Frida (née Borowitz; 1895-1974) da Yitzhak Gershtski (1890-1950), dukansu masu gwagwarmayar Zionist. Frida masanin lissafi ne kuma Baruch dan kasuwa ne. Iyalin sun yi hijira zuwa Mandate na Burtaniya don Falasdinu a 1935, suna zaune a Tel Aviv. Gershtanski ya halarci makarantar ƙaura ma'aikata a titin Lasalle a Tel Aviv .  Ta yi karatu don digiri na biyu a fannin ilmin sunadarai da ilmin microbiology a Jami'ar Ibrananci ta Urushalima, ta kammala digiri a watan Disamba 1950. Ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin ilmin sunadarai daga Kwalejin Aikin Gona ta Jami'ar Ibrananci a Rehovot a shekara ta 1954.

Daga 1948-49, ta yi aiki a cikin rundunar kimiyya ta Sojojin Tsaro ta Isra'ila, ta sami matsayi na biyu a cikin sashin bincike na kimiyya wanda ke haɓaka da gwada flares na parachute wanda za a sauke shi daga jiragen sama don haskaka yankin abokan gaba.

A kusa da 1948, a farkon yakin Falasdinu na 1947-1949, Gershtanski ta auri masanin kimiyyar lissafi tare da Cibiyar Weizmann, Meir Birk (an haife ta 1924 - ta mutu 2000), wanda ta fara saduwa da ita a 1937, lokacin da take da shekaru goma sha ɗaya, saboda shi dan iyayenta ne a titin Balfour, Tel Aviv. Suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu: Yitzhak (an haife shi a shekara ta 1953) da Ohad-Shmuel (an haifee shi a shekara de 1957). [1]

## Ayyukan ilimi
A shekara ta 1956, ta fara koyarwa a Kwalejin Aikin Gona, inda ta sami cikakken farfesa a shekarar 1970. Ta kafa makarantar Kimiyya ta Abinci a Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Jami'ar Ibrananci, kuma ita ce darakta mai kafa ta daga 1972-74. Ta kasance shugabar Faulty of Agriculture daga 1977-80.

Nasarar da aka fi sani da ita ita ce warewa da kuma binciken mai hana protease wanda ya fi yawa a cikin tsaba na legume, wanda aka sani a yau da mai hana Bowman-Birk protease. Ta kuma taimaka wajen gano ß-lipotropin (lipolytic hormone). Littafinta, Plant Protease Inhibitors: Significance in Nutrition, Plant Protection, Cancer Prevention and Genetic Engineering, an buga shi a shekara ta 2003. 

## Manazarta
Nola Chilton

**Nola Chilton** (an haife ta **Celia Truger**;  Ibrananci; 12 Fabrairu 1922 - 8 Oktoba 2021) ta kasance darektan gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Isra'ila da aka haifa a Amurka kuma malamin wasan kwaikwayo. Ta kasance majagaba na wasan kwaikwayo na zamantakewa a Isra'ila. A shekara ta 2013, an ba Chilton Kyautar Isra'ila don wasan kwaikwayo.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Nola Chilton a Brooklyn, New York ga baƙi Yahudawa daga Daular Rasha. Mahaifiyarta ta mutu daga tarin fuka lokacin da take da shekaru goma sha biyu. Mahaifinta mai zane-zane ne kuma mai sayar da abinci. Ta yi karatun wasan kwaikwayo a karkashin Lee Strasberg kuma ta yi aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Actors, horar da 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma ba da umarni. A shekara ta 1960, ta ba da umarnin samar da Broadway na "Dead End," wani wasa mai ban sha'awa game da rayuwar matasa masu talauci, wanda Dustin Hoffman ya bayyana.

A cikin 1963, Chilton ya yi hijira zuwa Isra'ila, ya ƙaura a Kiryat Gat, sannan wani karamin gari a arewacin Negev. Ta yi aiki a takaice ga Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Kamari amma ba ta da sha'awar yanayin Tel Aviv, wanda ya tunatar da ita abin da ta bar a baya. Ta karbi yarinya mai shekaru biyu kuma ta koma arewacin kasar, da farko zuwa Kibbutz Ma'agan Michael sannan Kibbutz Yasur . 

### Ayyukan fasaha
A Isra'ila, Chirlton ya ba da umarni, a tsakanin sauran wasannin, The Summer of the Seventeenth Doll (ko "The 17th Doll") a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Cameri,  da kuma Isra'ila na shahararren wasan Barefoot in the Park (daga baya ya daidaita shi zuwa fim mai nasara), wanda Giora Godik ya samar a Nachmani Hall a 1965 . 

A cikin shekarun 1970s, ta fara jagorantar a cikin salon Gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Hanyar aikinta ta dogara ne akan tambayoyi, bincike, da aikin rukuni tare da ƙungiyar 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na yau da kullun. Ta ba da umarnin wasan kwaikwayo na satirical Coexistence (wanda ya shafi batun Palasdinawa), A Bicycle for a Year (a kan batun Ci gaban Garin), da The Coming Days (a kan tsufa). 

A cikin shekarun 1970s, ta kafa wani aiki a garin Kiryat Shmona wanda ya gabatar da sabbin wasannin da kayan aiki na musamman. Wadanda suka halarci aikin sun hada da dalibanta daga Jami'ar Tel Aviv, kamar su: Itzik Weingarten, Ofra Weingarten. Moni Moshonov, Sandra Sade, Shlomo Bar-Aba, Hava Ortman, Dalik Wollinitz, Arnon Zadok, da sauransu.

Daga 1973-1975, ta yi aiki a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Haifa tare da Yehoshua Sobol a wasan kwaikwayonsa The Twentieth Night . An rubuta wasan ne ta hanyar improvisations tare da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo kuma, bayan da ya gudana a Haifa, daga baya an shirya shi a matakai da yawa a Isra'ila, gami da samar da masu son da yawa.[1] A shekara ta 1976, ta ba da umarnin wasan Kriza a Haifa, wanda shine ɗayan wasan kwaikwayo na farko a Isra'ila don magance batun nuna bambancin kabilanci ga jama'ar Mizrahi.

## Manazarta
Nili Cohen

**Nili Cohen** (Ibraniyawa; an haife shi a shekara ta 1947) farfesa ne a Isra'ila kuma masanin shari'a. Ta kasance mai karɓar Kyautar Isra'ila,  kuma ita ce Shugabar Kwalejin Kimiyya da Kimiyya ta Isra'ila ta gaji Farfesa Ruth Arnon,  wanda Cohen ya taka rawar gani.  Ita memba ce ta Academia Europaea, ta American Philosophical Society, kuma memba ce ta kasashen waje ta accademia dei lincei .

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Nili Cohen a Kfar Saba, a shekara ta 1947. Ta girma kuma ta yi karatu a Tel Aviv kuma ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Ironi Dalet .  Mahaifinta malami ne a wannan birni. Kakar Cohen, Batsheva (Bertha) Friedberg Grabelsky, ta zauna a Manhattan, kuma ta auri wani baƙo na Ukraine, Boris Grabelsky . Bertha ta kasance edita, mai fassara, Ibrananci, da Zionist, wanda, a cikin 1920s, ya buga Eden, jarida ga matasa Yahudawa.

Tsohuwar Jami'ar Tel Aviv (TAU), inda Cohen ta sami LL. [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] M., da Ph.D. digiri, ita ce co-kafa edita na TAU Law Review . A shekara ta 1998, Cohen ya sami digiri na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Buenos Aires . 

Tana aiki a matsayin Benno Gitter Chair a cikin Dokar Kwatanta. Daga 1994 zuwa 1997, ta kasance Mataimakin Rector (1994-1997) na TAU, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin Rector daga 1997 zuwa 2001.[1] Ita ce Farfesa mai daraja na Kwalejin Shari'a ta TAU.[2] Cohen ya zama memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Isra'ila a shekara ta 2004, kuma an zabe shi shugabanta a shekara ta 2015. [2][3]

Ta kasance dan takara a Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila, amma an toshe nadin ta a cikin wani tsari wanda ya jawo hankalin siyasa.

Cohen gwauruwa ce; mijinta, Amiram Cohen, ya kasance lauya. Suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu da ɗa ɗaya.

## Manazarta
Geulah Cohen

**Geulah Cohen** (Ibraniyawa; 25 ga Disamba 1925 - 18 ga Disamba 2019) ɗan siyasan Isra'ila ne kuma mai fafutuka wanda ya kafa jam'iyyar Tehiya . Ta lashe Kyautar Isra'ila a shekara ta 2003. Tsakanin 1974 da 1992, ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na Knesset, da farko ga Likud . Ta canza alakar siyasa zuwa Tehiya a shekarar 1979. A shekara ta 1992, ta rasa kujerarta a Knesset .

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Geulah Cohen a Tel Aviv, Mandatory Palestine ga dangin Mizrahi na Yahudawa na asalin Yemenite, Maroko da Turkiyya.  Ita 'yar Miriam ce da Yosef Cohen .  Ta yi karatu a makarantar Levinsky Teachers Seminary, kuma ta sami digiri na biyu a Nazarin Yahudawa, Falsafa, Littattafai da Littafi Mai-Tsarki a Jami'ar Ibrananci ta Urushalima . 

A shekara ta 1942 ta shiga Irgun, kuma ta koma Lehi a shekara mai zuwa. A matsayinta na mai ba da sanarwar rediyo ga kungiyar, hukumomin soja na Burtaniya sun kama ta a 1946  yayin da take watsa shirye-shirye a Tel Aviv. Ta tsere daga tsare a watan Mayu, jim kadan kafin a yi mata shari'a, kuma wasu ƙauyukan Larabawa sun taimaka mata wajen tserewa kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin tarihinta na lokacin amma an sake kama ta. A ranar 6 ga Yuni 1946, an yanke mata hukuncin shekaru bakwai a kurkuku (Encyclopaedia Judaica ya lissafa hukuncin a matsayin shekaru 19) saboda mallakar mai watsawa mara waya, bindigogi, bindigogin, da harsashi. A lokacin da aka yanke mata hukunci ta raira "Hatikvah" kuma tana tare da 'yan uwanta 30. An ɗaure ta a Baitalami, ta tsere a shekara ta 1947. 

Cohen ya kasance editan jaridar Lehi Youth Front . Bayan Sanarwar 'yancin Isra'ila a 1948, ta ba da gudummawa ga *Sulam*, mujallar kowane wata da tsohon shugaban Lehi Isra'ila Eldad ya buga.

Cohen ta auri tsohon abokin Lehi Emanuel Hanegbi . [1] Daga 1961 zuwa 1973, ta rubuta wa jaridar Isra'ila Maariv kuma ta yi aiki a cikin kwamitin edita.[2] A lokacin aikinta a matsayin 'yar jarida, ta ziyarci Menachem Mendel Schneerson a New York, wanda ya ƙarfafa ta ta mai da hankali kan yin hulɗa da matasa na Isra'ila.[3]

Cohen ya mutu a ranar 18 ga Disamba 2019, yana da shekaru 93. An binne ta a Kabarin Yahudawa na Dutsen Zaitun a Urushalima . 

## Manazarta
Shoshana Damari

**Shoshana Damari** (Ibraniyawa: שושנה דרי; 31 Maris 1923 - 14 Fabrairu 2006) mawaƙiya ce ta Isra'ila da aka sani da "Sarauniyar Kiɗa ta Ibrananci" 

## Tarihin rayuwa

An haifi Shoshana Damari a matsayin Shodia Damari a ranar Idin Ƙetarewa a Bashar, Yemen a matsayin ƙaramar 'yar a cikin iyali na yara biyar. Iyayenta sune Lihya-Zachariah da Gazal-Ayla Demari .

Iyalinta sun isa da ƙafa a Port Aden kuma daga can sun isa Falasdinu ta jirgin kasa ta hanyar El Qantara, Misira a ranar 15 ga Yuni, 1924, lokacin da Shoshana ke da shekara daya da rabi, kuma sun zauna a Rishon Lezion lokacin da Damari ke da shekaru biyu.

Tun tana ƙarama Damari ta buga kara kuma ta raira waƙa ga mahaifiyarta, wacce ta yi a bukukuwan iyali da tarurruka na al'ummar Yemen a cikin Mandate na Burtaniya.[1] A lokacin da take da shekaru 14, an watsa waƙoƙinta na farko a rediyo.[2] Ta yi karatun waka da wasan kwaikwayo a Shulamit Studio a Tel Aviv .

A watan Agustan 1938 ta yi a karo na farko a matsayin soloist a rediyo a cikin waƙoƙin Yemenite na mawaki Shalom Shabazi, tare da oud da drums. 

A cikin 1939 Damari ta gudanar da kide-kide na farko a matsayin soloist, tare da piano ta Nahum Nardi.

A watan Fabrairun 1940 ta auri darektan "Shulamit" Shlomo Bosmi, wanda kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin wakilin fasaha. A ranar 27 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1943, ma'auratan sun haifi 'yarsu guda daya, Nava Bosmi .  Damari ta yi aiki a matsayin mawaƙa a wannan lokacin kuma a waje da aikinta a cikin "Shulamit".

Damari ya mutu a Tel Aviv bayan ɗan gajeren cutar huhu. Ta mutu yayin da iyalinta da abokai suka rera *Kalaniyot* wadanda ke zaune a cikin faɗakarwa a cikin 'yan kwanakin karshe. An binne ta a Kabari na Trumpeldor a Tel Aviv . 

## Ayyukan kiɗa

A shekara ta 1945, Damari ya shiga Li-La-Lo, gidan wasan kwaikwayo wanda mai ba da labari Moshe Wallin ya kafa. Kungiyar ta yi nishaɗi mai sauƙi da satire a matsayin ma'auni ga gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai tsanani na lokacin. Damari ta zama sananniya da muryarta ta musamman da furcin Yemenite.   

## Manazarta
Gyara Doron

Edit Doron (Ibraniyawa; 9 ga Afrilu, 1951 - 27 ga Maris, 2019) masanin kimiyya ne na Isra'ila wanda ya kware a ilimin harshe.

## Rayuwa da ilimi
An haifi Doron a Urushalima. Mahaifinta ya yi hijira daga Turkiyya zuwa Mandate Palestine na Burtaniya a 1935, bayan an kori iyalinsa daga gidansu a Gallipoli . An haifi mahaifiyarta ne a Mandate Palestine na Burtaniya.

Ta yi karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Jami'ar Ibrananci,  kuma daga baya ta kammala BA da MA a lissafi a Jami'ar Ibraniyawa ta Urushalima.  Ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin harshe daga Jami'ar Texas a Austin a shekarar 1983. Daga 1984 zuwa 1985 ta gudanar da wata kungiya ta post-doctoral a Jami'ar Stanford . 

Doron ya mutu daga ciwon daji a ranar 27 ga Maris, 2019, yana da shekaru 67.

## Ayyuka
Doron farfesa ne a Sashen Harshe da Harshe, Cibiyar Mahimmanci da Cognition a Kwalejin Humanities a Jami'ar Ibrananci ta Urushalima . [1] Binciken Doron a cikin ilimin harshe gabaɗaya yana mai da hankali musamman kan Ibrananci, Larabci, Aramaic, Turanci da Faransanci. Ta wallafa labarai da yawa a kan dubawa na semantics, morphology da syntax.[2]

Doron ya kasance Shugaban Ƙungiyar Isra'ila don ilimin harshe daga 2008 zuwa 2010. Ta yi aiki a matsayin co-direkta na hadin gwiwar Jami'ar Ibrananci da Jami'ar Tel-Aviv tsarin tsarin Linguistics PhD. 

## Manazarta
Yonina Eldar

**Yonina Chana Eldar**  (Ibraniyawa: יונינה חנה אלדר;  ne a ranar 25 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1973) farfesa ce ta Isra'ila-Amurka da aka haifa a Kanada a fannin injiniyan lantarki a Jami'ar Arewa maso Gabas, Boston da aka sani da aikinta na farko a kan samfurori na Nyquist 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Eldar a Toronto, Kanada . Ita ce 'yar ta uku ta Rabbi Meyer da Vicky Berglas . Ta koma tare da iyalinta zuwa Isra'ila a shekarar 1979. Ta sami B.Sc. digiri a fannin kimiyyar lissafi da injiniyan lantarki duka daga Jami'ar Tel Aviv (TAU), Isra'ila, a cikin 1995 da 1996, bi da bi.

An karɓi digiri na Ph.D. a cikin injiniyan lantarki da kimiyyar kwamfuta daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, a cikin 2002. Eldar ya rubuta rubutun Quantum Signal Processing a karkashin kulawar Alan V. Oppenheim . [1] An kammala bincikenta na postdoctoral a 2002 a Digital Signal Processing Group a MIT.[2]

## Ayyuka
Eldar ya koma Isra'ila a shekara ta 2002 kuma ya zama babban malami a Sashen Injiniyan Lantarki a Technion, Haifa . A shekara ta 2005 ta zama mataimakiyar farfesa a wannan sashen, kuma a shekara ta 2010, cikakken farfesa, tana riƙe da kujerar Edwards a Injiniya.

Eldar memba ne na Kwalejin Kimiyya da Humanities ta Isra'ila,  IEEE Fellow  da kuma EURASIP Fellow. 

## Ayyuka
Binciken da take so ya haɗa da hanyoyin samfurori da ƙirar A / D, ƙididdigar ƙididdiga, ganowa da ka'idar kimantawa, ingantawa don sarrafa sigina, hotunan likita, sarrafa sigina da ingantawa don Tsarin sadarwa, sarrafa siginar da hoto don gani, zurfin ilmantarwa da zane-zane, ilmin halitta na lissafi.

Bayan karbar lambar yabo ta IEEE Kiyo Tomiyasu (2016), kwamitin bayar da kyautar ya bayyana aikinta na bincike da tasirinsa:

## Manazarta
Dina Feitelson

**Dina Feitelson** (Ibraniyawa), wanda aka fi sani da Dina Feitel son-Schur (Ibraya) (an haife ta a shekara ta 1926; ta mutu a shekara ta 1992), malamar Isra'ila ce kuma malami a fannin samun karatu.Hebrew-language_text" id="mwCQ" rel="mw:PageProp/Category"/>

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Dina Feitelson Dina Schur a 1926 a Vienna, kuma ta yi hijira zuwa Mandate Palestine a 1934. Ta yi karatu a makarantar motsa jiki ta Ibrananci ta Herzliya a aji na 32, wanda ya kammala a 1944. Daga nan ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Ilimi ta David Yellin a Urushalima, kuma ta sami takardar shaidar koyarwa. Bayan kammala karatunta ta fara aiki a matsayin malamar makarantar firamare.

A lokaci guda ta yi karatun falsafar a Jami'ar Ibrananci ta Urushalima . Yakin Larabawa da Isra'ila na 1948 ya katse karatunta. A lokacin yakin ta sami mummunan rauni a kai. Ta sami MA a shekara ta 1951 da PhD a shekara ta 1956. Mai ba da shawara shi ne Farfesa Karl Frankenstein .

Daga baya ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai bincike ga Ma'aikatar Ilimi. A lokaci guda kuma ta fara aikin ilimi, da farko a Jami'ar Ibrananci ta Urushalima . Sa'an nan, a cikin 1973, ta karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Haifa, inda ta zama farfesa a fannin Ilimi. Ta ci gaba da aiki a can har zuwa mutuwarta a shekarar 1992.

## Gudummawar Bincike da Tasiri
Feitelson ya kasance mai gabatarwa na binciken ilimi a Isra'ila. Ita ce ta farko da ta yi nazarin abubuwan da ke haifar da gazawar samun karatu da rubutu ta hanyar dalibai na farko. Wannan binciken, wanda aka gudanar a karkashin jagorancin Cibiyar Henrietta Szold, ya gano matsalar a matsayin rashin daidaituwa tsakanin hanyoyin koyarwa da aka yi amfani da su da kuma al'adun al'adun yara baƙi. Shawararta ita ce ta daidaita kayan koyarwa don su dace da yara.

Daga baya ita ce ta farko da ta yi nazarin ayyukan kiwon yara a cikin al'ummar Kurdawa masu ƙaura. Wannan ya kara binciken da ya gabata ta hanyar nuna bambancin tsakanin yanayin gida na yara da tsammanin tsarin ilimi.

A matsayin wani ɓangare na aikinta ga Ma'aikatar Ilimi, Feitelson ta shiga cikin kafa ƙungiyoyin yara na farko a makarantu a cikin shekarun 1970s, kuma ta rubuta rahoton game da ƙungiyoyin matukin jirgi. Rukunin yara na farko sun haɗu da makarantar sakandare tare da digiri na 1 da na 2, don sauƙaƙe sauyawa cikin tsarin makaranta. Irin wannan rarrabuwar yanzu ana karɓa a makarantu da yawa a duk faɗin ƙasar. A cikin shekarun 1980s ta fara ɗakunan karatu na aji, waɗanda aka nuna don ƙara yawan littattafan da masu karatu suka karanta sau huɗu.
Dora Gad

**Dora Gad** (Ibraniyawa: דורה גד; b. 1912, d. 31 Disamba 2003)  ta kasance Mai tsara ciki na Isra'ila, wanda aikinsa ya yi tasiri sosai a ci gaban gine-ginen Isra'ila na zamani.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Dora Siegel (daga baya Gad) an haife ta ne a Câmpulung Moldovenesc, [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] [dubious - tattauna] Romania. Ta girma a gidan kakanta, kuma ta halarci Makarantar Ibrananci da makarantar gwamnati. Tsakanin 1930 da 1934, ta yi karatu a Technische Universität a Vienna, kuma ta sami difloma a fannin injiniya da gine-gine. A can ta sadu da mijinta na gaba, Heinrich Yehezkel Goldberg, ɗalibin gine-gine. Sun yi ƙaura a shekara ta 1936, suka yi hijira zuwa Mandatory Palestine kuma suka zauna a Tel Aviv. A shekara ta 1959 ta auri Ephraim Ben-Artzi, tsohon janar kuma mutum ne na jama'a. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]  

## Ayyukan zane na ciki
Gad ta fara aikinta a ofishin masanin gine-gine Oskar Kaufmann . A shekara ta 1938 ta fara aiki da kanta. A shekara ta 1942 ta fara tsara gidaje masu zaman kansu tare da mijinta. Halin ta ya kasance mai haske da zamani, ya samo asali ne daga wahayi na gida; haske mai yawa, da kayan gini na gida. Gad ta haɗa da yadudduka da ke cikin gida, kafet na ulu, aikin da aka sa, kara da jin a cikin ƙirar ta. Halin ta ya bambanta ta da yawancin gine-ginen Turai na yau, waɗanda suka ci gaba da kasancewa da salon gine-ginin Turai.

A cikin shekarun 1950, ma'auratan sun riga sun kasance sanannun masu zanen ciki a Isra'ila. Sun shiga cikin tsara gine-ginen gwamnati da cibiyoyin da yawa.

Bayan mutuwar Yehezkel Gad a shekara ta 1958, Gad ta kafa haɗin gwiwa tare da Arieh Noy, ma'aikaci a ofishinta. Kamfanin Gad-Noy ya ci gaba da aiki a kan ayyukan gwamnati, kuma suna da alhakin, a cikin 1965, don ƙirar Gidan Tarihin Isra'ila, tare da masanin gine-gine Al Mansfeld, kuma a cikin 1966, don ƙirar ciki na ginin Knesset.[1]

Kamfanin Gad-Noy ya yi aiki har zuwa 1976. Gad ta ci gaba da aiki da kanta a bangarorin gwamnati da masu zaman kansu har zuwa mutuwarta, a shekara ta 2003.