Yunkurin Jamusawa na mamaye gabar tekun Somaliya

Yunkurin da Jamus ta yi wa mulkin mallaka a gabar tekun Somaliya ya kasance daga 1885 zuwa 1890. Wakilan Kamfanin Jamus na Gabashin Afirka sun rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar abota da tsaro tare da sarakunan yankin a garuruwan bakin teku na Somaliya a 1885 da 1886 da nufin mallakar yankunan arewacin Wituland. A cikin 1888 da 1890, bi da bi, aikin, wanda ya mamaye da'awar Burtaniya da Italiyanci, an yi watsi da shi.

Biranen da ke da mahimmanci a gabar tekun Somaliyar a shekarun 1800 sune Mogadishu, Kismaayo, Warsheikh, Merca da Barawe. Garuruwa ne na kasuwanci da farko, saboda aikin noma ba zai yiwu ba a kusa da kusa saboda yanayin damina na yankin.  Wadannan garuruwan tashar jiragen ruwa sun kasance a karkashin gwamnatin Geledi Sultanate da Hiraab Imamate. Ƙauyen Birtaniya da aka kafa a cikin 1884 a kan Arewacin Somaliya Coast, bi da bi, ya damu da sarakunan Majeerteen a Puntland a yau. Mai binciken Afirka kuma daga baya mai ba da shawara Friedrich Gerhard Rohlfs ya ba da shawarar sayen Jamus a bakin tekun Somaliya daga 1882 don kafa alaƙar kasuwanci a cikin ƙasa.

A yanzu haka dai jami’an ‘yan mulkin mallaka na Jamus sun yi kokarin samar da Sultan Barghash bin Said na Zanzibar domin samar da ko kuma tura hayar yankunanta da ke gabar tekun Somaliya, a daya bangaren kuma sun kulla yarjejeniyoyin kasuwanci da kawance da Zanzibar tare da sarakunan Somaliyan da ke bayan wadannan wurare na gabar teku. Duk da haka, Italiyanci ma suna da irin wannan tsare-tsare.

## Arewa maso gabashin Somalia
Yarjejeniyar da wakilan al'umma suka kulla tare da sarakunan Somaliya kamata ya yi ta fadada Jamus ta Gabas ta Afirka ta yadda za ta taso daga kogin Rovuma da ke kudanci gaba dayan gabar tekun gabashin Afirka zuwa Cape Guardafui a arewa. A cikin watan Fabrairun 1886, Carl Peters ya nemi gwamnatin Jamus ta ba da kariya ga dukan tekun Somaliya.

### Binciken Hörnecke a cikin Majerteen Sultanate
A Aluula, kusa da Cape Guardafui, ƙungiyar balaguro karkashin jagorancin maginin gwamnati Gustav Hörnecke a ranar 6 ga Satumba 1885 ta rufe yarjejeniyar abota mai nisa da Sultan Bogor Osman Mahmoud Yusuf (1854-1927) na gida daga dangin Majeerteen, wanda ke cikin dangin Darod.

Kwangilar da aka tsara a cikin Jamusanci da Larabci (ba cikin Somaliya ba) tana nuna bambance-bambance tsakanin nau'ikan yare biyu. Yayin da rubutun na Jamus ke nuni da yarjejeniyar kariya da daular Jamus da kuma mika filaye ga jama'ar Jamus da Gabashin Afirka, rubutun Larabci ya yi magana ne kawai kan yarjejeniya kan abokantaka da tallafawa al'umma a cikin bincike da yin amfani da shi.

Ya kamata yankin Sultan Osman da yarjejeniyar ta shafa ya tashi daga cape zuwa yamma zuwa Bender Ziada, kimanin kilomita 400 gabas da Berbera, da kudu zuwa Cape Ras Assuad (kusa da Hobyo, a yankin Mudug). Koyaya, bisa ga fassarar Jamusanci, yankin kwangilar ya kai har zuwa ƙofofin Berbera na Burtaniya. A cikin ƙasa, yankin kwangilar kowane zai tsawaita tafiye-tafiye na kwanaki 20 (watau zurfin kilomita 600 kuma ta haka zuwa cikin Ogaden). 

### Tafiyar Anderten a cikin Sultanate na Hobyo
Yayin da Hörnecke ya koma Berlin bayan kammala kwangilar ta hanyar Aden da Trieste da ma'aikatan DOAG guda biyu sun yi ƙoƙari a banza don kafa reshen da aka yi alkawari a Caluula, mataimakin Hörnecke, Laftanar Claus von Anderten, an ba da izini don fadada yankin kwangilar zuwa kudu.

Tare da dangin Osman, Yusuf Ali Kenadid na Hobyo, Anderten ya rufe yarjejeniyar a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba 1885, fassarar Jamusanci da Larabci wanda ya bambanta sosai. Bisa ga wannan kwangilar ta bin diddigin, Sarkin Musulmi ya yi wa yankin bakin teku na dangin Abgal na kabilar Hawiya kudu da Hobyo aiki zuwa kofar Warsheikh (wato kimanin kilomita 80 daga arewacin Mogadishu). A cikin ƙasa, an shirya tsawon kwanaki 25 na balaguron balaguro zuwa kan iyakokin yankin Oromia a wannan karon (watau kimanin kilomita 750 don haka sake zurfafa cikin Ogaden). 

## Bayanan da aka ambata