Hakkin kamun kifi

**Anti-whaling** yana nufin ayyukan da waɗanda ke neman kawo ƙarshen kifi a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban, ko a cikin gida ko a duniya don neman kiyaye ruwa. Irin wannan gwagwarmaya sau da yawa martani ne ga takamaiman rikice-rikice tare da kasashe masu goyon bayan kifi da kungiyoyi waɗanda ke yin kifi na kasuwanci da / ko bincike kan kifi, da kuma kungiyoyin 'yan asalin da ke cikin kifi. Wasu ƙungiyoyi masu adawa da kifi sun sami zargi da kuma shari'a don hanyoyin da suka fi tsananin ciki har da tashin hankali kai tsaye. Ana iya amfani da kalmar rigakafin kifi don bayyana imani da ayyukan da suka shafi waɗannan ayyukan.

Yunkurin yaki da kifi yana da ɗan gajeren tarihi idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan gwagwarmaya da wayar da kan jama'a game da muhalli. Mambobin farko na kungiyoyin muhalli sun fara nuna rashin amincewa da farautar whale a duniya a karni na 20. Wadannan ayyukan sun kasance a kai tsaye ga raguwar yawan whale a duniya saboda yawan amfani da masana'antar kifi da gazawar ka'idojin kifi na duniya.

### Ka'idojin kifi

Kungiyar Kungiyoyin Kasashe ta nuna damuwa game da yawan amfani da kifin kifi kuma ta yi kira ga matakan kiyayewa a 1925. Wannan ya haifar da Yarjejeniyar Geneva don Dokar Kifi wanda aka gabatar a 1931 amma bai shiga aiki ba har zuwa 1934 kuma Jamus da Japan sun yi watsi da shi gaba ɗaya.

A cikin 1937 Taron Kasa da Kasa kan Kifi ya kara iyakoki kan kifi na Pelagic don hana cinyewa da yawa (kuma musamman lalacewar blue whale), don haka ƙirƙirar Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa don Dokar Kifi.

An kirkiro Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa don Dokar Kifi a 1946 a Washington don "bayar da kiyayewa mai kyau na kifi kuma ta haka ne ya ba da damar ci gaban masana'antar kifi". Dangane da Yarjejeniyar da ta gabata ta 1937 da kuma ladabi na gaba ga wannan yarjejeniya a cikin 1938 da 1945, ICRW ya haifar da kirkirar 1949 na Hukumar Kifi ta Duniya tare da jagororin don ka'idojin kasa da kasa na kifi na bakin teku da na teku. Masu sukar sun zargi cewa IWC da ICRW sun gaza saboda rashin ka'idojin da za a iya aiwatar da su da kuma hanyoyin da za a yi amfani da su.

### Tsaro na kasa
A cikin 1972 Amurka ta zartar da Dokar Kare Mammal Marine a matsayin labarin farko na doka don kiran musamman don tsarin yanayin halittu ga kula da albarkatun halitta da kiyayewa. Dokar ta haramta farauta da kashe dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa, kuma ta kafa dakatarwar shigo da, fitarwa, da siyar da kowane dabba mai shayarwa, tare da kowane bangare ko samfurin dabba mai shan ruwa a cikin Amurka. A wannan shekarar Amurka ta kuma kafa Dokar Kare Marine, Bincike da Sanctuaries wanda ya kafa shirin National Marine Sanctuaries.

Amurka daga baya za ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen karɓar dakatarwar duniya kan kifi na kasuwanci saboda dokokin cikin gida. Musamman gyaran Pelly na 1971 ga Dokar Kare Masunta ta Amurka ya ba Shugaban Amurka ikon doka don hana shigo da kayayyakin kifi daga kowace ƙasa da ke rage tasirin shirye-shiryen kiyaye kifi. Daga baya aka ƙarfafa shi ta hanyar Kwaskwarimar Packwood-Magnuson ta 1979 ga Dokar Kula da Kifi da Gudanarwa da ke ba da ƙarin ikon ba da izini game da ICRW.  

### Ceto Whales
Al'adun gargajiya sun girma don karɓar whales da dolphins a matsayin masu ban sha'awa, masu nishaɗi da basira a ƙarshen rabin karni na 20. Daga abubuwan jan hankali na yawon bude ido na asali a Marineland zuwa manyan wuraren shakatawa na SeaWorld, dolphins da orcas (killer whales) sun zama abubuwan jan hankali. Shirye-shiryen talabijin na shekarun 1960 *[[Flipper (1964 TV series)|Flipper]]* ya fito da wani nau'in dolphin mai kama da Lassie wanda ya yi abota da wani saurayi kuma yana yin ayyukan basira sau da yawa yana ceton rana. Littafin 1967 The Day of the Dolphin, wanda ya yi wahayi zuwa fim din 1973, ya nuna dolphins da aka horar da su don yin Turanci wanda ke taimakawa wajen ceton duniya daga hallaka nukiliya. A cikin 1970 masanin ilimin halitta da muhalli Roger Payne ya rubuta kuma ya samar da sanannen Songs of the Humpback Whale album, bayan bincikensa na 1967 (tare da Scott McVay) na Waƙar whale tsakanin Humpback whales.

## Manazarta