Iris Cummings

**Iris Cummings** (Disamba 21, 1920 - Janairu 24, 2025), wacce aka fi sani da sunanta na aure **Iris Critchell**, 'yar Amurka ce kuma mai ninkaya a gasar kuma wacce ta wakilci Amurka a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1936 a Berlin, Jamus. Bayan ta yi aiki a fannin ninkaya, wanda ya haɗa da zama zakaran tseren mita 200 na Amurka daga 1936 zuwa 1939, an karɓe ta a cikin Shirin Horar da Matukin Jirgi na Farar Hula na farko na Jami'ar Kudancin California a 1939. Bayan kammala karatunta, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai koyar da jirgin sama kafin a zaɓe ta don ta yi wa ƙasarta hidima a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu a matsayin memba na Mata Masu Jiragen Ruwa na Mata (WAFS) da Mata Masu Jiragen Sama na Sojojin Sama (WASPs). Bayan rikicin, ta koma California, inda ta haɓaka kuma ta koyar da manhajar jirgin sama na farar hula ga tsoffin sojoji da suka dawo daga yaƙi a Jami'ar Kudancin California .

Bayan sun yi tseren jiragen sama a gasa a shekarun 1950, Cummings da mijinta, Howard Critchell sun kafa shirin Bates Aeronautics a Kwalejin Harvey Mudd a shekarar 1962. Sun gudanar da shirin tare har sai da ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1979, a lokacin ne ta ci gaba da ita ita kaɗai har zuwa ƙarshen shirin a shekarar 1990. Ta kasance mai ba da takardar shedar gwajin matukan jirgi na FAA na dogon lokaci, ta sami kyaututtuka da dama na jiragen sama na duniya kuma ta kasance memba na National Flight Teachers Flight Hall of Fame. A shekarunta na baya-bayan nan, ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta, mai ba da shawara, da kuma mai kula da tarin kayan tarihi na Aeronautical Library Special Collections a Harvey Mudd.

## Rayuwar farko da kuma aikin 'yan wasa
An haifi Cummings a Los Angeles a ranar 21 ga Disamba, 1920, kuma ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Redondo Union . Mahaifinta ya sami digirin Doctor of Medicine daga Makarantar Likitanci ta Jami'ar Tufts kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai horar da 'yan wasa a farkon karni na 20 a Jami'ar Columbia da kuma darektan wasanni a Kwalejin Swarthmore daga 1902 zuwa 1908. Mahaifiyarta malamar Girka da Latin ce. Iris ta halarci gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1932 a matsayin mai kallo kuma ta fara shiga gasar ninkaya a shekara mai zuwa, inda ta lashe gasa da dama na gida da na yanki. Lokacin da sanyi ya yi yawa, ta ci gaba da yin motsa jiki ta hanyar keke. Ba ta kasance memba na kowace kungiya ba a shekararta ta farko ta gasar, amma duk da haka ta kasance ta farko a tarurruka da dama ban da halartarta a gasar 1933 ta Southern Pacific Amateur Athletic Union da Pacific Coast. 

Cummings ta shiga ƙungiyar motsa jiki ta Los Angeles (LAAC) a shekarar 1934 kuma ta sami tallafin kuɗi na farko a shekarar 1935, inda ta taimaka mata ta halarci gasar tseren mita 200 ta ƙasar Amurka a shekarar 1936, wanda hakan ya sa ta shiga gasar Olympics ta wannan shekarar da kuma zaɓenta a matsayin memba na tawagar Amurka zuwa gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1936 a Berlin.   da haka, an buƙaci ta tara kuɗinta don tafiye-tafiye zuwa Wasannin kuma ta shafe mafi yawan lokacinta kafin ta kai ga gasar tana tara kuɗi maimakon yin atisaye.  A gasar tseren mita 200 ta mata, ta zo ta huɗu a gasar da ta fi ƙarfinta a zagayen farko kuma an cire ta daga gasar. Duk da haka, ta ci gaba da zama zakara a gasar har zuwa 1939,  duk da cewa ta bar LAAC a 1937. Ta zo ta biyu a Gasar Cin Kofin Kasa ta 1939 kuma ta yi ritaya daga gasar jim kaɗan bayan haka, inda ta yanke shawarar cewa ba za a yi gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1940 ba. A 1941, ta sami digiri a fannin kimiyyar jiki da lissafi daga Jami'ar Kudancin California . 

## Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu

## Manazarta