Yanayin Mizoram

Jiha a Arewa maso Gabashin Indiya, tana da tsaunin tuddai, kwaruruka, koguna, da tafkuna, suna samar da yanayi mai ban sha'awa da ban mamaki.  Tare da manyan tuddai 21 masu tsayi daban-daban da ke gudana daga arewa zuwa kudu, jihar galibi tana da tsaunuka, tare da tarwatsewar filayen.  Matsakaicin tsayin tsaunuka a yamma yana da kusan mita 1,000 (ƙafa 3,300), yana tashi zuwa mita 1,300 (ƙafa 4,300) a gabas, tare da wasu kololuwa sun wuce mita 2,000 (ƙafa 6,600).  An san shi don bambancin halittu, koguna, da mahimmancin al'adu, yanayin yanayin Mizoram ya tsara yanayinta, tattalin arzikinta, da yawon shakatawa..

## Yanayin ƙasa

Yankin Mizoram yana da siffa ta hanyar karon farantin tectonic na Indiya da Burma, wanda ya haifar da naɗe-kaɗe, tsarin tsaunukan arewa-kudu tare da kurakurai.  Jihar tana cikin mafi girman yankin girgizar ƙasa na Indiya (Zone V), ana fuskantar girgizar ƙasa akai-akai.  Fitattun abubuwan da suka faru sun haɗa da girgizar ƙasa mai karfin awo 4.3 kusa da Kolasib a ranar 19 ga Afrilu 2011 da girgizar ƙasa mai girman awo 6.4 a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu 2011.  Bhuban Formation), Barail, da ƙungiyoyin Tipam, tare da alluvium a cikin gadaje na koguna da ke dauke da raye-rayen argillaceous da sandstones, shale, siltstones, laka, da greywacke.  Wadannan duwatsun suna da rauni, da yanayin yanayi, da saurin zabtarewar kasa, musamman a lokacin damina, saboda tudu mai tsayi da ayyukan girgizar kasa[1].  A cikin gida, dutse mai laushi mai launin baki zuwa launin toka ana amfani dashi don kayan gini da ƙananan hanyoyi.  Kasa yawanci loam mai yashi ne da yumɓu mai yumɓu, mai ɗigo sosai, da ƙura, kuma ƙarancin ma'adanai da humus.[1]  Babu ma'adanai masu mahimmancin tattalin arziki da ke kasancewa, ko da yake yumbu, yashi, da tsakuwa suna faruwa a cikin kogi kamar Tlawng.[5]  Yanayin yanayin ƙasa na Mizoram ya haifar da binciken mai da iskar gas, tare da kamfanoni na duniya daga Faransa, Rasha, da Cyprus sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin a cikin 2009 don samar da 12% na mai da 10% na iskar gas ga jihar, kodayake ba a tabbatar da wani babban tanadi ba tun daga 2025.[1].

Tsawon tsaunuka 21 na Mizoram sun samar da kashin baya mai tsayi, tare da sanannun tsaunuka ciki har da: Phawngpui Tlang (Blue Mountain), mafi girman tsawo a mita 2,210 (mita 7,250), a cikin Gundumar Saiha, wanda aka sani da bambancin halittu da yawon shakatawa.

Lengteng, a mita 2,141 (mita 7,024), wani muhimmin tudu a gabashin Mizoram.

Mawma, a mita 2,050 (mita 6,730), a tsakiyar Mizoram.

Surtlang, a mita 1,967 (mita 6,453). 

Hmuifang, a mita 1,619 (mita 5,312), kusa da Lunglei, tare da gandun daji da aka kiyaye tun zamanin shugaban Mizo.

Reiek, a mita 1,465 (4,806 feet), a cikin Gundumar Mamit, yana ba da ra'ayoyi game da filayen Aizawl da Bangladesh.

Sakawrhmutuai, a mita 1,535 (mita 5,036), cibiyar yawon bude ido a Gundumar Mamit tare da shirin sararin sama.

Sauran sanannun tsaunuka sun haɗa da Lurhtlang (mita 1,935)), Tan Tlang (mita 1,837 (mita 6,027)), da Chalhfilh Tlang (mita 1,865 (mita 6,119)). 

## Koguna
Kogin Mizoram, wanda ke gudana ta cikin kwari masu tsawo, suna da mahimmanci ga noma, wutar lantarki, da haɗin kai. Manyan koguna sun hada da: Chimtuipu (Kaladan), wanda ya samo asali ne daga Jihar Chin ta Myanmar, yana gudana ta cikin gundumomin Saiha da Lawngtlai, yana tallafawa kudancin Mizoram.

Tlawng (Dhaleswari a Assam), yana gudana ta hanyar Aizawl, ya shiga Kogin Baraki . Masu biyan haraji sun haɗa da Tut, Teirei, da Ngashih . 

Tuirial, wanda madatsar ruwan Tuirial ta kwace shi, yana gudana zuwa arewa a Gundumar Aizawl . 

Tuivawl, ya haɗu da Kogin Barak a Gundumar Cachar ta Assam . 

Tiau, wani kogi ne na iyakar kasa da kasa mai nisan kilomita 159 tsakanin Indiya da Myanmar.

Khawthlangtuipu (Karnaphuli), wanda ke zubar da ruwa a kudu maso yammacin Mizoram, tare da tsawon kilomita 128.

Ƙananan koguna sun haɗa da Tuichang (120.75 km), Tuichawng (107.87 km), Mat (90.16 km), Tuirini (54.5 km), da Serlui (56.33 km, wanda Serlui B Dam ya hana).

## Tafkuna
Tafkunan Mizoram, galibi an kafa su ne ta hanyar abubuwan da suka faru na tectonic ko na halitta, suna da mahimmanci ga yawon bude ido da al'adun gargajiya: Tafkin Palak, mafi girma a Mizoram, ya rufe hekta 30 (74 acres) a Gundumar Saiha. An yi imanin cewa an kafa su ne daga girgizar ƙasa ko ambaliyar ruwa, mazauna yankin suna da'awar ƙauyen da ke ƙarƙashin ruwa.

Tam Lake, mai nisan kilomita 85 daga Aizawl, tafkin halitta ne mai suna "Lake of Mustard Plant" saboda wani labari da ya shafi babban tsire-tsire na mustard. Shahararren wurin shakatawa ne.

Tafkin Rih, wanda ke cikin Myanmar kusa da iyakar Indiya da Myanmar, yana da mahimmanci a al'adu, an yi imanin cewa hanya ce ga rayuka da suka tashi zuwa Pialral (Mizo sama). 

## Ruwan ruwa
Ruwan ruwa na Mizoram yana inganta roƙonsa na yawon bude ido: Vantawng Falls, 5 km kudu da Thenzawl a cikin Gundumar Serchhip, rufin ruwa ne mai hawa biyu tare da tsawo na 228.6 m, mafi tsawo a Mizoram . 

Tuirihiau Falls, kusa da Thenzawl, na musamman ne ga kogon da yake da shi, yana bawa baƙi damar kallon shi daga baya.

## Yanayi
Mizoram yana da yanayi mai laushi, mai zafi saboda tsawo da wurin da yake. Yanayin zafi ya kasance daga 11 ° C zuwa 21 ° C a cikin hunturu (Nuwamba-Fabrairu) da 20 ° C zuwa 30 ° C a lokacin rani (Maris-Mayu). Lokacin ruwan sama (Yuni-Satumba) yana kawo ruwan sama mai yawa, matsakaicin 250 cm a kowace shekara, yana ba da gudummawa ga rushewar ƙasa da tsire-tsire masu tsayi. Yanayin jihar yana tallafawa bambancin halittu da aikin gona, gami da shinkafa, anthurium, da noman inabi.

dazuzzukan Mizoram sun rufe kusan kashi 85% na yankin 21,081 km2, suna karbar bakuncin tsire-tsire da dabbobi daban-daban. Muhimman tsarin halittu sun haɗa da gandun daji mai laushi na wurare masu zafi, da gandun dajin tsaunuka. Shahararrun nau'o'in sun haɗa da: Flora: Bamboo, anthurium, orchids, da bishiyoyi masu matsakaici kamar Michelia champaca . 

Fauna: Hoolock gibbon, barking deer, sambar, clouded leopard, da tsuntsaye kamar Peregrine falcon da Mrs. Hume's pheasant. Yankunan da aka kare sun hada da Dampa Tiger Reserve, Murlen National Park, da Phawngpui National Park, suna tallafawa kokarin kiyayewa. Kasafin kudin jihar na 2025-2026 yana tallafawa sake dasa bishiyoyi da kariya ga namun daji.

## Albarkatun Halitta da Tattalin Arziki
Tattalin arzikin Mizoram ya dogara da aikin gona (misali, shinkafa, inabi, anthurium) da yawon bude ido, wanda kyawawan dabi'unsa ke motsawa. Ana amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki daga koguna kamar Tuirial da Serlui ta hanyar madatsun ruwa, don tallafawa bukatun makamashi. Duk da yake binciken mai da iskar gas yana ci gaba, ba a tabbatar da wani muhimmin tanadi ba har zuwa 2025. Kayan aiki na baya-bayan nan, gami da Layin Bairabi-Sairang (aiki 2025), yana inganta haɗin kai, haɓaka yawon shakatawa da kasuwanci.