Walt Disney

**Walter Elias Disney** / / DIZ - nee ; DIZ  Disamba 5, 1901 A ranar 15 ga Disamba, 1966) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Amurka, mai shirya fina-finai, ɗan wasan murya, kuma ɗan kasuwa. Ya kasance ƙwararren mai shirya fina-finai na Amurka, kuma ya gabatar da ci gaba da dama a fannin shirya zane-zane. A matsayinsa na mai shirya fina-finai, yana da tarihin mafi yawan kyaututtukan Academy Awards da aka lashe (22) da kuma zaɓe (59) daga mutum ɗaya. An ba shi kyaututtukan nasarorin musamman guda biyu na Golden Globe da kuma kyautar Emmy, da sauran kyaututtuka. Da yawa daga cikin fina-finansa an haɗa su a cikin Rijistar Fina-finai ta Ƙasa ta Laburare na Congress kuma an sanya su a cikin manyan fina-finai da Cibiyar Fina-finai ta Amurka ta taɓa yi.

An haife shi a Chicago a shekarar 1901 kuma ya girma a Missouri, Disney ya fara sha'awar zane. Ya ɗauki azuzuwan fasaha tun yana yaro kuma ya kama aiki a matsayin mai zane-zane na kasuwanci yana da shekaru 18. Ya ƙaura zuwa California a farkon shekarun 1920 kuma ya kafa Disney Brothers Studio (yanzu Kamfanin Walt Disney ) tare da ɗan'uwansa Roy . Tare da Ub Iwerks, ya ƙirƙiri halin Mickey Mouse a shekarar 1928, nasararsa ta farko da ya shahara; ya kuma samar da muryar ƙirƙirarsa a farkon shekarun. Yayin da ɗakin studio ke ƙaruwa, ya zama mai son kai, yana gabatar da sauti mai daidaitawa, cikakken launi mai launuka uku na Technicolor, zane-zane masu tsayi da ci gaban fasaha a cikin kyamarori. Sakamakon, wanda aka gani a cikin fasaloli kamar Snow White da Bakwai Dwarfs (1937), Pinocchio, Fantasia (dukansu 1940), Dumbo (1941), da Bambi (1942), ya ƙara haɓaka ci gaban fina-finai masu rai. Sabbin fina-finai masu rai da kuma waɗanda suka yi fice sun biyo bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, waɗanda suka haɗa da Cinderella (1950), Sleeping Beauty (1959), da Mary Poppins (1964), waɗanda na ƙarshe suka sami kyaututtuka biyar na Academy Awards.

A shekarun 1950, Disney ta faɗaɗa zuwa masana'antar wuraren shakatawa na musamman, kuma a watan Yulin 1955 ya buɗe Disneyland a Anaheim, California . Domin samar da kuɗaɗen aikin, ya rarraba zuwa shirye-shiryen talabijin, kamar *Disneyland na Walt Disney* da *The Mickey Mouse Club* . Ya kuma shiga cikin tsara bikin baje kolin Moscow na 1959, gasar Olympics ta hunturu ta 1960, da kuma bikin baje kolin duniya na New York na 1964. A shekarar 1965, ya fara haɓaka wani wurin shakatawa na musamman, Disney World, wanda zuciyarsa za ta zama sabon nau'in birni, " Ƙungiyar Gwaji ta Prototype Community of Tomorrow " (EPCOT). Disney ya kasance mai shan taba mai yawa a tsawon rayuwarsa kuma ya mutu sakamakon cutar kansar huhu a shekarar 1966 kafin a kammala aikin wurin shakatawa ko EPCOT.

Disney mutum ne mai jin kunya, mai wulaƙanta kansa, kuma mai rashin tsaro a ɓoye, amma ya ɗauki halin jama'a mai kyau da kuma bayyana ra'ayinsa. Yana da kyawawan halaye da kuma babban tsammanin waɗanda ya yi aiki da su. Duk da cewa an zarge shi da nuna wariyar launin fata ko kuma nuna wariyar Yahudawa, mutane da yawa da suka san shi sun musanta hakan. Tarihin Disney ya ɗauki ra'ayoyi daban-daban, tun daga ra'ayinsa a matsayin mai samar da kyawawan dabi'un kishin ƙasa zuwa wakiltar masarautar al'adun Amurka. Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mutane a al'adu na ƙarni na 20, Disney ya kasance muhimmin wuri a tarihin zane-zane da kuma tarihin al'adun Amurka, inda ake karrama shi a matsayin fitaccen al'adun ƙasa. Ana ci gaba da nuna shi da daidaita ayyukan fina-finansa, wuraren shakatawa na Disney sun ƙaru a girma da adadi a duk faɗin duniya kuma kamfaninsa ya girma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin watsa labarai da nishaɗi a duniya.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi

An haifi Disney a ranar 5 ga Disamba, 1901, a 1249 Tripp Avenue, a unguwar Hermosa ta Chicago.  Shi ne ɗa na huɗu ga Elias Disney —  a Lardin Kanada, ga iyayensa 'yan Irish —  Flora ( née Call), ɗan Amurka ɗan asalin Jamus da Ingilishi.    Baya ga Walt, 'ya'yan Elias da Flora su ne Herbert, Raymond da Roy ; kuma ma'auratan sun haifi ɗa na biyar, Ruth, a watan Disamba 1903.  A shekara ta 1906, lokacin da Disney ke da shekaru huɗu, iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa gona a Marceline, Missouri, inda kawunsa Robert ya sayi fili. A Marceline, Disney ya haɓaka sha'awarsa ta zane lokacin da aka biya shi don ya zana dokin wani likitan unguwa mai ritaya.  Elias ya kasance mai biyan kuɗi ga jaridar *Appeal to Reason*, kuma Disney ya yi aikin zane ta hanyar kwafi zane-zanen Ryan Walker na farko.  Ya kuma fara haɓaka ƙwarewar yin aiki da fenti mai launin ruwan kasa da fenti mai launi.  Yana zaune kusa da layin jirgin ƙasa na Atchison, Topeka da Santa Fe kuma ya shahara da jiragen ƙasa.  Shi da ƙanwarsa Ruth sun fara makaranta a lokaci guda a Makarantar Park da ke Marceline a ƙarshen 1909.  Iyalan Disney sun kasance membobin cocin Congregational .  Daga baya Disney ya bayyana yarintarsa a Marceline a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin lokutan farin ciki da ci gaba mafi girma a rayuwarsa, kuma ya sami kwarin gwiwa daga garin don wasu ayyukansa na gaba.  

A shekarar 1911, Disneys suka ƙaura zuwa Kansas City, Missouri .  A can, Disney ta halarci Makarantar Grammar Benton, inda ya haɗu da abokin karatunsa Walter Pfeiffer, wanda ya fito daga dangin masoyan wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya gabatar da shi ga duniyar vaudeville da fina-finai. Ba da daɗewa ba, Disney ta shafe lokaci mai tsawo a gidan Pfeiffers fiye da a gida.  Elias ya sayi hanyar isar da jarida ga *The Kansas City Star* da *Kansas City Times* . Disney da ɗan'uwansa Roy suna tashi da ƙarfe 4:30 kowace safiya don isar da *Times* kafin makaranta kuma suna maimaita zagayen *Star* na yamma bayan makaranta. Jadawalin ya yi gajiya, kuma Disney sau da yawa yana samun maki mara kyau bayan ya yi barci a aji, amma ya ci gaba da hanyarsa ta rubutu fiye da shekaru shida.  Ya halarci darussan Asabar a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kansas City kuma ya ɗauki kwas ɗin wasiƙa a zane mai ban dariya.