Maria Evelina na Sousa

Maria Evelina de Sousa (1 Janairu 1879 - 12 Fabrairu 1946) malama ce ta Fotigal kuma 'yar jarida wacce ta bunkasa a farkon karni na 20 a Portugal. Mace mai ƙwazo, ta shiga cikin gwagwarmayar neman daidaito ga mata kuma ta kasance mai haɗin gwiwa na ƙungiyar kare hakkin dabba ta farko a cikin Azores. Tarihin rayuwar farko sun yi watsi da cewa ita yar madigo ce. A cikin 2017, gwamnati ta karrama ta da alamar Azorean na Ganewa.

## Rayuwar farko
Maria Evelina de Sousa, wanda aka fi sani da Evelina, an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Janairu 1879 a Ponta Delgada, a kan tsibirin São Miguel na Azores, a cikin Masarautar Portugal zuwa Décio de Sousa. Ta halarci Makarantar Koyarwa ta Lardi na Magisterium, ta ci jarrabawarta ta ƙarshe a darussa goma sha bakwai a 1900. 

A cikin 1904, de Sousa ya fara koyarwa a Makarantar Santa Clara kuma ya fara rubutawa ga jarida, *O Campeão Escolar*, wanda ya keɓe ga batutuwan ilimi.  A cikin 1906, ta koma tare da Maria Emília Borges de Medeiros da Alice Moderno a cikin wani gida mallakar Borges. Moderno da Borges abokai ne da suka zauna tare tun 1893.  De Sousa da Moderno sun rayu a fili a matsayin ma'auratan 'yan madigo, duk da yanayin ra'ayin mazan jiya a Portugal a lokacin.   A wannan shekarar, de Sousa ya kafa mujallar *Revista Pedagógica*, wanda za ta yi aiki da kuma gyara don shekaru goma masu zuwa. Mujallar ta sami karbuwa a hukumance daga jami'ar Azorean kuma tana da tasiri a cikin da'irar ilimi a cikin gida da na ƙasa. 

De Sousa ya shiga cikin ayyuka da yawa don inganta ilimi a tsibirin. Da take shiga cikin ƙidayar makarantun, ta ba da rahoto a cikin 1911 cewa kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na yaran da suka isa makaranta, matsakaicin adadin ɗalibai 150 ne kawai ke zuwa makaranta a makarantu huɗu da ake da su kuma babu isassun ƙwararrun malamai.  Ta halarci taro kuma ta yarda ta koyar da wasu malamai, kyauta, Hanyar Legato-Luazes, wanda shine tsarin ilmantarwa don karatu da rubutu, wanda Amália Luazes ya haɓaka. Ta kuma goyi bayan dokar Republican wadda ta haramta koyar da koyarwar addini a makarantun firamare da na al'ada . A cikin 1924, an karrama ta saboda ƙoƙarinta na inganta ilimi ta Majalisar Mata ta Farko da Ilimi. 

A cikin 1908, de Sousa ya kirkiro ɗakin karatu na farko na makaranta a tsibirin.  A wannan shekarar, ita da abokin aikinta, Moderno sun shirya Micaelense Society for the Protection of Animals ( Portuguese   ).  Ta kasance memba na ƙungiyoyin mata da yawa da suka haɗa da Ƙungiyar Farfaganda ta Mata, Jam'iyyar Republican ta Matan Portugal da Ƙungiyar Farfaganda ta Mata. A watan Agustan 1912, yayin da suke ziyara a Lisbon, de Sousa da Moderno sun sami karramawa daga Jam'iyyar Republican saboda kokarin da suka yi na kasancewa masu fafutukar kare hakkin mata da ilimi a Azores.  

Da farko a 1915, de Sousa ya yi aiki a kan ma'aikatan edita na *Folha*, wata jarida wadda Moderno ta kafa a 1902.  Ta kuma rubuta a matsayin mai ba da rahoto ga takarda *Correio dos Açores*, wallafe-wallafen wakoki da edita. Ta yi ritaya daga koyarwa a ranar 13 ga Yuli 1940, daga Escola Agostinho Machado Bicudo Correia.  A cikin shekarun 1940, an ga ita da abokin aikinta Moderno, wanda yawanci sanye da kayan maza (ciki har da hula, ɗaure da sandar tafiya) da kuma shan taba sigari, an gan su suna tafiya da karensu a kusa da Ponta Delgada. 

De Sousa ya mutu a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu 1946 kuma an binne shi washegari a makabartar São Joaquim.  Moderno ya rayu kwanaki takwas ne kawai bayan mutuwar de Sousa, yana mutuwa a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 1946.  Bayan mutuwar ma'auratan, mawallafin tarihin rayuwa sun yi ƙoƙarin share ma'auratan a baya da kuma yanayin siyasa na zalunci da ya wanzu.    A cikin 2013, Majalisar Municipal na Ponta Delgada ta zartar da wata doka don ƙara sunan de Sousa a cikin farantin da aka gano a kan crypt Moderno ya gina ga ragowar su.  A cikin 2017, gwamnati ta karrama ta da alamar Azorean na Ganewa. 

## Manazarta

### ambato

### Littafi Mai Tsarki