open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Sharran Srivatsaa

**Sharran Srivatsaa** ɗan kasuwa ne na Amurka, mai saka hannun jari, kuma mai magana da jama'a wanda ke zaune a Orange County, California .  An fi saninsa da tsohon shugaban Teles Properties, wani dillalin gida na Kudancin California wanda Douglas Elliman ya saya a cikin 2017. Srivatsaa a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin shugaban Real Brokerage, wani kamfani na mallakar ƙasa da ke zaune a New York. Shi ne wanda ya kafa Kingston Lane, dandalin fasahar ƙasa, kuma shugaban Srilo Capital, kamfanin saka hannun jari mai zaman kansa.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Srivatsaa a Indiya kuma ta koma Amurka bayan ta sami tallafin karatu a Kwalejin Luther a Iowa .  Ya sami digiri na farko a kimiyyar kwamfuta daga Kwalejin Luther a Iowa a shekara ta 2001 da kuma MBA tare da girmamawa daga Jami'ar Vanderbilt.

## Ayyuka
Bayan kammala karatunsa, Srivatsaa ya yi aiki a bangarorin banki da fasaha, yana riƙe da shawarwarin saka hannun jari da matsayi na dabarun kamfanoni a Goldman Sachs da Credit Suisse . 

A shekara ta 2011, Srivatsaa ya shiga Teles Properties, wani kamfani mai kayatarwa wanda ke zaune a Beverly Hills, California inda ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban kasa. A lokacin mulkinsa na shekaru biyar a matsayin shugaban Teles Properties, darajar kamfanin ta karu daga dala miliyan 300 zuwa sama da dala biliyan 3 kafin sayar da shi ga kamfanin sayar da dukiyar Douglas Elliman a shekarar 2017.   A cikin 2018, bayan sayen, Srivatsaa ya kafa Kingston Lane, kamfanin software na ƙasa wanda ke ba da sabis ga wakilai da dillalai. 

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2022, an nada Srivatsaa a matsayin shugaban Real Brokerage, wani kamfani mai sayar da dukiya da ke zaune a New York kuma an kafa shi a shekarar 2014.  A cikin 2025, Real Brokerage ya ba da rahoton karuwar 400% a cikin adadin wakilai, tare da sabbin wakilai 10,000 da aka kara a cikin 2024.  A watan Maris na shekara ta 2025, Real ta ba da sanarwar cewa Srivatsaa zai sauya matsayinsa na shugaban kasa don shiga kwamitin daraktocin kamfanin, daga ranar 1 ga Yuni, shekara ta 2025.

Srivatsaa a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin Shugaba na Srilo Ventures, wani kamfani mai zaman kansa na saka hannun jari wanda ke saka hannun jari da kuma ba da shawara ga kamfanonin fasaha da kasuwancin da ke mai da hankali ga masu amfani.

## Podcast
Sharran shine mai karɓar bakuncin 5 AM Club, wanda ya fara bayan mai ba da shawara ya ba da shawarar amfani da safiya don ayyukan kansa. Da farko ya gayyaci abokai uku don shiga kiran taron karfe 5 na safe inda ya raba saƙonnin da ke ƙarfafawa na minti biyar. Yayin da waɗannan abokai suka fara gayyatar wasu, ƙungiyar ta girma, kuma a ƙarshe, mambobi 10,000 na yau da kullun suna kira zuwa 5 AM Club kowace rana. Har ila yau, yana karɓar bakuncin Podcast na *Makarantar Kasuwanci*, inda yake raba dabarun kan ci gaban kasuwanci, gina alama, da ci gaban mutum.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Zaben Majalisar Dattijai na Najeriya na 2003 a Jihar Gombe

An gudanar da zaben Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya na 2003 a Jihar Gombe a ranar 12 ga Afrilu, 2003, don zabar mambobin Majalisar Dattijan Najeriya don wakiltar Jihar Gomba. Abubakar Mohammed wanda ke wakiltar Gombe ta Tsakiya da Tawar Umbi Wada wanda ke wakil da Gombe ta Kudu ya ci nasara a dandalin Jam'iyyar Demokradiyya ta Jama'a, yayin da Haruna Garba wanda ke wakilcin Gombe ta Arewa ya ci nasara akan dandalin Jam-iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya

## Takaitaccen Bayani

## Sakamakon

### Gombe ta Tsakiya
Abubakar Mohammed na jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.

### Gombe ta Kudu
Tawar Umbi Wada na jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.

### Gombe ta Arewa
Haruna Garba na jam'iyyar All Nigeria Peoples Party ce ta lashe zaben.

## Manazarta
Hussein Fazal

**Hussein Fazal** ɗan kasuwa ne mai zaman kansa wanda ke zaune a San Francisco .  Shi ne co-kafa kuma Shugaba na Super.com, Kamfanin Fasaha na Amurka. A baya, Fazal ya kafa AdParlor, daya daga cikin kamfanonin inganta tallace-tallace na Facebook na farko, daga baya ya samu ta hanyar ilimi a cikin 2011.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Fazal kuma ta girma a Kanada. Ya halarci Jami'ar Waterloo, inda ya sami digiri na Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta. Fazal ya kuma halarci shirin hadin gwiwar Waterloo tare da Henry Shi .  A shekara ta 2011, an yarda da shi cikin shirin NEXT 36.

## Ayyuka
Fazal ya fara aikinsa a matsayin Mai haɓaka software a Bell Kanada a cikin 2008.  Daga baya a wannan shekarar, shi tare da Kristaps Ronka sun kafa AdParlor, dandamalin inganta tallace-tallacen Facebook da X da aka kafa ba tare da tallafin kudi daga waje ba. A matsayin daya daga cikin kamfanoni na farko da suka mayar da hankali kan tallan aiki don kafofin sada zumunta, AdParlor ya yi aiki tare da masu talla don haɓaka kamfen ɗin su. Kamfanin ya samar da sama da dala miliyan 100 a cikin kudaden shiga kuma daga baya a cikin 2011 AdKnowledge ta saye shi.

A cikin 2016, Fazal ya kafa SnapTravel, dandalin tattaunawa na AI wanda aka tsara don taimakawa masu amfani da otal-otal ta hanyar SMS da aikace-aikacen saƙo kamar WhatsApp. A tsawon lokaci, SnapTravel ya fadada abubuwan da yake bayarwa, ya haɗa kayan aikin kuɗi da ragi na tallace-tallace, kuma ya sake sanya shi a takaice zuwa SnapCommerce sannan Super.com a cikin 2022. A cikin 2024, Super.com an kira shi daya daga cikin kamfanonin da ke girma da sauri a Amurka ta Financial Times .  Fazal ya rubuta don TechCrunch da Ad Age.

## Kyaututtuka da Karramawa

* Forbes Fintech 50, 2023 .
* Dan kasuwa na Shekara yankin Ontario, EY Dan kasuwa na Shekara, 2022.
* 30 Mafi yawan Mutanen da ke Tallace-tallace A ƙarƙashin 30, Kasuwanci, 2012 . 
* 30 A karkashin 30, Inc. Magazine, 2011 . 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Bria, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya

**Bria** ita ce babban birnin ƙasarta-Kotto, daya daga cikin 14 na Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya. Kamar yadda na 2003 Cibnius garin yana da yawan jama'a 35,204.

## Labarin ƙasa
Bria tana kan Kogin Kogin Kogin.

## Tarihi
A cikin 1930, masana'antar masana'antar ta kafa ta a cikin Bria by Chia Coutuna Cotton Kamfanin.

### Yaƙin basasa
A ranar 18 ga Disamba 2012 Bria ya kama ta daga 'yan tawayen Séléka. A 21 November 2016 Rikicin makamai da aka karye tsakanin kabilan Gildenities da Peuhl suna wakiltar kungiyoyi daban-daban na mutane 92, mutane da yawa a sansanin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.

A ranar 18 Mayu 2017 Rukunin gwiwa ya barke tsakanin Anti-Balaka da tsohon Seleka a cikin Brea ya haifar da mutuwar mutane 26. A ranar 21 ga watan Yuni na 2017 tsakanin ƙungiyoyin masu kishi sun haifar da mutuwar kusan mutane 100. A ranar 4 ga Disamba 2017 Dokokin Anti-Balaka ya jagoranci Diandi ya kai wa sojojin kasa da kasa a Bria kashe dan jaridar Mauritania daya. A ranar 16 ga Maris 2018 Jean-Francis Diandi ya kama cikin zaman lafiya. A ranar 6 Satumba 2018 SUHELKAKA 'yan tawayen Séléka sun kashe mutane da yawa, yawancinsu mata.

A kan 25-6 Janairu 2020 Janairu 2020 Janairu da MLCJ ya kai hari ga Bria ya kwace sama da 60% na garin bayan sa'o'i 24 na rikici da FCRC. A ranar 28 Janairu biyu sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar ta daina yin alkawarin janye wajan daga sassan garin. A ranar 22 ga Maris 2021 Bria ya sake buga Bria.  An kashe wani masarar FPRC guda ɗaya. [12] A kan 'yan tawayen 2 Afrilu wanda aka kaddamar da kai hari kan Biriga da aka kera su, an kashe wasu' yan tawaye biyu da soja.

Tun daga 15 ga Disamba 2021, mashin Rasha daga rukunin Wagner sun kama mutane da yawa - musamman matasa - a cikin garin, suna kaiwa ga cikin hakkin dan Adam. A ranar 4 ga Janairu, kungiyar Wagner ta harba matasa da kisan kiyashi. A karfe 5:00 p.m. Mercenaries sun shiga masallacin yankin kuma cire gawawwakin wadanda abin ya shafa daga ginin.

## yanayin iska
Bria yana da yanayin savanna ctionse mai zafi (Kölinate Climate rarrabuwa Aw) Kodayake lokacin wanka ya fi bushe bushe, lokacin rani ya isasshe bushe kuma lokacin tsarin wanda ya rage don rarrabuwar dadin dodanni.

## Manazarta
Surbhi Shukla

**Surbhi Shukla** a Indore, Madhya Pradesh, kuma ta girma a Ratlam . Ta fito ne daga dangin Brahmin kuma a halin yanzu tana zaune a Ujjain . Mahaifinta ya yi aiki a cikin 'yan sanda kuma yanzu ya yi ritaya. Surbhi, tare da 'yan uwanta, 'yar kasuwa ce da ke kula da otal-otal, gidajen baƙi, da gidaje a ƙarƙashin alamar Sukoon The Legacy a Ujjain.  

## Ayyukan talabijin
Surbhi Shukla ya fara aiki tare da Balaji Telefilms *'Kahani Hamare Mahabharat Ki* a matsayin Kubja . Tun daga wannan lokacin ta nuna muhimmiyar rawa a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin daban-daban na Indiya. Daga baya ta buga Rohini a Devon Ke Dev...  Mahadev da Arohi a cikin Rasmein a kan Star Bharat .Ta taka rawar gani a *Dulhin Chahi Pakistan Se* tare da Rahul Dev . Ta kuma fito a fina-finai na yankin Bangaru Guddu da Chennai Files, ta fito a cikin Tamil da Telugu .  

## Matsayi na talabijin
Ta nuna Uttara a cikin Savitri (Life OK), Noor Begum a cikin Akbar Ka Bal Birbal (SAB TV), da kuma sarauniya a cikin Maharaj Ki Jai Ho (Star Plus), da sauran muhimman matsayi.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Kisan kiyashin Chimbolo

A ranar 19 ga Maris, 2023 wasu ‘yan bindiga da ba a san ko su wanene ba sun kai hari a wata mahakar zinari a kusa da garin Chimbolo na lardin Ouaka na Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, inda suka kashe ma’aikatan Sinawa tara tare da raunata biyu.

## Fage
A farkon Maris 2023, masu hakar ma'adinai sun fara aiki a kusa da ƙauyen Chimbolo a cikin wani ma'adinin zinari mallakar kamfanin kasar Sin The Gold Coast Group.

## Abubuwan da suka faru
Da misalin karfe 5 na safe agogon gida (04:00 GMT) gungun mutane dauke da makamai sun shiga wurin. Sojoji sama da goma ne ya kamata su kare wurin amma hudu ne kawai suka halarci harin. Da ganin maharan dukkan masu gadi sun gudu, inda suka harbe daya daga cikin maharan a cikin aikin. Bayan sun ja da baya, maharan sun shiga dakunan kwanan dalibai suka fara daukar mutanen su daya bayan daya. Sai suka dunkule su a kasa kafin a zartar da su a wani yanki mara tushe. Kafin su juya baya, maharan sun yi bincike a dakin kwanan dalibai suka kwaso gawar daya daga cikin mayakansu da aka kashe a baya.

Maharan sun bar gawarwakin wadanda abin ya shafa suna fuskantar kasa a jere a cikin laka. Ba a tantance wadanda abin ya shafa ba, kuma an kona gawarwakinsu jim kadan bayan harin.

## Nauyi

### Zargin alhakin 'yan tawaye
Gwamnati, ciki har da ministan shari'a Arnaud Djoubaye Abazène, ta zargi kungiyar 'yan tawaye ta Patriots da laifin kai harin. Yevgeny Prigozhin, shugaban kungiyar Wagner ya yi ikirarin cewa "'yan bindiga" ne suka kai harin kuma an kama su ba tare da wani karin bayani ba. A cewar binciken da Afrique Media 'yan tawayen UPC suka yi ne suka kai harin. A ranar 19 ga Afrilu ne gwamnatin kasar ta fitar da bincikenta inda ta dora alhakin kisan kiyashin da ‘yan tawayen CPC suka yi.

### Zargin alhakin gwamnati
Mai magana da yawun 'yan tawayen Mamadou Koura ya musanta wadannan zarge-zarge a maimakon haka ya zargi sojojin hayar Rasha daga kungiyar Wagner. A cewar Corbeau News Centrafrique daya daga cikin maharan da aka kashe a yayin harin sunansa Saleh da ake yi wa lakabi da "Erike" wanda ke cikin kungiyar masu dauke da makamai masu goyon bayan gwamnati. Shafin yanar gizon ya zargi kungiyar Wagner da kawancen mayakan sa-kai na Afirka ta Tsakiya da kai harin inda suka yi nuni da wata hira da aka yi da daya daga cikin wadanda suka tsira daga harin. Binciken Uwar Jones ya zargi sojojin hayar Rasha da kai harin.

A cewar Sashen Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya tsaffin mayakan UPC da ke kawance da gwamnati da aka fi sani da "Black Russia" sun kasance a yankin yayin harin. An yi zargin sun yi wa wani mutum duka don tilasta masa ya bayyana sunayen maharan.

## Manazarta
Zaben Majalisar Dattijai na Najeriya na 2003 a Jihar Imo

An gudanar da zaben Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya na 2003 a Jihar Imo a ranar 12 ga Afrilu, 2003, don zabar mambobin Majalisar Dattijan Najeriya don wakiltar Jihar Imo. Amah Iwuagwu wanda ke wakiltar Imo East, Ifeanyi Ararume wanda ke wakilcin Imo North da Arthur Nzeribe wanda ke wakilci Imo West duk sun ci nasara a dandalin Jam'iyyar Demokradiyyar Jama'a.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya

## Takaitaccen Bayani

## Sakamakon

### Gabashin Imo
Amah Iwuagwu na jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.

### Arewacin Imo
Ifeanyi Ararume na jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party ce ta lashe zaben.

### Imo Yamma
Arthur Nzeribe na jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.

## Manazarta
Zaben Majalisar Dattijai na Najeriya na 2003 a Jihar Kaduna

An gudanar da zaben Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya na shekarar alif 2003 a Jihar Kaduna a ranar 12 ga watan Afrilu, shekarar alif 2003, don zabar mambobin Majalisar Dattijan Najeriya don wakiltar Jihar Kadun. Dalhatu Tafida wanda ke wakiltar Kaduna ta Arewa da Isaiah Balat wanda ke wakilcin Kaduna ta Kudu sun ci nasara a dandalin Jam'iyyar Demokradiyyar Jama'a, yayin da Mohammed Aruwa wanda ke wakilci Kaduna ta Tsakiya ya ci nasara a kan dandalin Jam-iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya

## Takaitaccen Bayani

## Sakamakon

### Kaduna ta Arewa
Dalhatu Tafida na jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.

### Kaduna ta Kudu
Isaiah Balat na jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.

### Kaduna ta Tsakiya
Mohammed Aruwa na jam'iyyar All Nigeria Peoples Party ne ya lashe zaben.

## Manazarta
Dame Portuguese

**Dame Portugaise** (wacce ta mutu bayan shekara ta 1634), ƴar Luso-Afrika ce, kuma ƴar kasuwan bayi na Nhara. Ta yiwu 'yar wani dan Portugal ne kuma macen Afirka kuma an kafa ta a matsayin mai ciniki da ciniki a Rufisque, inda ta kasance a matsayin hanyar sadarwa tsakanin Portuguese da shugabannin Afirka na yankin ta hanyar haɗin gwiwarta da duka biyun, a sakamakon haka ta sarrafa dukan kasuwanci tsakanin 'yan Afirka da Turawa a yankin.

Ita ce farkon misali na yawancin mata 'yan kasuwa na Turai-Afrika waɗanda suka zama wakilai na kasuwanci da diflomasiyya tsakanin Turawa da Afirka tun daga wannan lokacin har zuwa ƙarshen karni na 19.

## Nassoshi
N'Gangue M'voumbe Niambi

**N'Gangue M'voumbe Niambi** shi ne sarkin Loango a ƙarshen rabin karni na 17. Ya ci riba daga cinikin bayi na Portuguese, wanda ya fara kwanan nan. Olfert Dapper ya ruwaito cewa Niambi ya mallaki makamai da dama, ko da yake bai san yadda ake amfani da su ba. 

## Nassoshi
Paul Taribo

**Paul Taribo** ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda a halin yanzu yake aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Mafi rinjaye a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Abia ta 8, wanda ke wakiltar mazabar Jihar Ukwa ta Gabas a ƙarƙashin Jam'iyyar Demokradiyyar Jama'a (PDP).

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Iheanacho Nwogu

**Iheanacho Nwogu** ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda ke aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Abia wanda ke wakiltar mazabar Jihar Osisioma ta Arewa.  

An zabe shi a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Abia ta 8 a 2023 a karkashin Jam'iyyar Young Progressives Party (YPP) kafin daga baya ya sauya sheka zuwa Jam'iyyar Labour (LP). 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Zaben Majalisar Dattijai na Najeriya na 2003 a Jihar Kano

An gudanar da zaben Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya na 2003 a Jihar Kano a ranar 12 ga Afrilu, 2003, don zabar mambobin Majalisar Dattijan Najeriya don wakiltar Jihar Kano. Bello Hayatu Gwarzo wanda ke wakiltar Kano ta Arewa da Usman Umar Kibiya wanda ke wakilcin Kano ta Kudu sun ci nasara a dandalin All Nigeria Peoples Party, yayin da Rufaisanbi Hanga wanda ke wakilci Kano ta Tsakiya ya ci nasara a kan dandalin Peoples Democratic Party.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya

## Takaitaccen Bayani

## Sakamakon

### Arewacin Kano
Bello Hayatu Gwarzo na jam'iyyar All Nigeria Peoples Party ne ya lashe zaben.

### Kudancin Kano
Usman Umar Kibiya na jam'iyyar All Nigeria Peoples Party ne ya lashe zaben.

### Kano ta Tsakiya
Rufaisanbi Hanga na jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.

## Manazarta
Idris Ibrahim Jamil

**Idris Ibrahim Jamil** lauya ne na Sudan kuma tsohon ministan shari'a na Jamhuriyar Sudan . 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Idris Ibrahim Jamil a shekara ta 1959. Ya sami digiri na farko daga Jami'ar Khartoum a 1983, ya sami digiri na biyu daga Jami'an Leicester, Burtaniya a 1996 kuma a 2001, ya sami digirin digirinsa daga dokar kasuwanci daga Jami'a ta Amurka.

## Ayyuka
Idris Ibrahim Jamil ya taɓa aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan shari'a ga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban kuma a cikin 2017 an zabi shi a matsayin Ministan Shari'a na Tarayyar Sudan . 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Kungiyar Majalisa

Kungiyar Congress Alliance wata kungiya ce ta siyasa mai adawa da wariyar launin fata da aka kafa a Afirka ta Kudu a cikin shekarun 1950. A karkashin jagorancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka, CA ta kasance mai launin fata da yawa a cikin kayan shafa kuma ta himmatu ga ka'idar mulkin mafi rinjaye.

## Majalisar Jama'a da Yarjejeniyar 'Yanci
Majalisar Ayyuka ta Kasa ta kunshi shugabannin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka, Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Afirka ta Kudu, Majalisar Indiya ta Afirka ta Kudancin (SAIC), Majalisar Kwadago ta Afirka ta Afirka ta Tsakiya (SACTU), Majalisar Jama'a mai launi (CPC) da Majalisar Dinkinobho ta Afirka ta kudu (COD) sun hadu a Tongaat a ranar 23 ga Yuni 1955. Wannan rukuni, wanda aka fi sani da Alliance Congress, ya haɓaka takardar da aka fi sani le Freedom Charter kuma ya shirya Congress of the People, babban taron launin fata da aka gudanar a cikin kwanaki biyu a Kliptown a ranar 26 ga Yuni 1955. A wannan taron, an karanta Yarjejeniyar a cikin harsuna uku (Turanci, Sotho da Xhosa), kuma wakilai daban-daban sun tattauna.

Yarjejeniyar ita ce sanarwa game da ka'idojin Alliance, wanda ya haɗa da sadaukarwa ga gwamnatin dimokuradiyya ta launin fata da sake fasalin dukkan fannoni na Al'ummar Afirka ta Kudu. Alliance ta kasance wani ɓangare na kokarin ANC na inganta yunkurin adawa da wariyar launin fata.

Sauran kungiyoyin da ke da alaƙa da Alliance Congress sun haɗa da Tarayyar Mata ta Afirka ta Kudu .

## Kaddamarwa
A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1956 an kama manyan mambobin Alliance kuma an tuhume su da cin amana, gami da dukkan kwamitin zartarwa na ANC. 105 'Yan Afirka, 21 Indiyawa, 23 fari (kimanin rabin su Yahudawa ne na Afirka ta Kudu), : 60-61 da 7 'yan Launi na Alliance Congress an kama su. Shugabannin da yawa, ciki har da Nelson Mandela, an tsare su a cikin ɗakunan ajiya a gidan yarin Johannesburg, wanda ya haifar da "babban kuma mafi tsawo ba tare da haramta ba na Alliance Congress a cikin shekaru".

Wadannan kamawa sun haifar da Trial na Cin amana na 1956, wanda ya kasance har zuwa 1961 amma ya haifar da wanke duk wanda ake tuhuma.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Max Caputo

**Max Caputo** (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga ' watan Agustan shekara ta ' 2005) ɗan wasan kwallon kafa ne na Australiya wanda ke taka leda ' a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na Melbourne City . 

## Ayyuka

### Birnin Melbourne
A ranar 23 ga ' Afrilu 2021, Caputo ya sami kwangilar tallafin karatu a kulob din A-League na Melbourne ' City bayan ya kwashe shekaru hudu a cikin matasa. Bayan wasu 'yan wasan farko sun bar tawagar su a lokacin kakar ' 2020-21, an yi jita-jita cewa Max Caputo zai ' cika cikin tawagar su cikin Melbourne Derby. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 15, Caputo ya fara buga wasan farko a ranar ' 6 ga Yuni 2021 a kan Melbourne Victory a matsayin mai maye gurbinsa. Ya yi bayyanarsa ta biyu a cikin A-League yana da shekaru 17 a ranar 2 ga Afrilu 2023 ' lokacin da aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 90 kuma ya zira kwallaye biyu bayan haka, ya zama mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin Melbourne City a ' cikin league.

## Kididdigar aiki

## Daraja
**Birnin Melbourne**

* Firayim Minista na Maza na A-League: 2022-23 
* Gasar A-League: 2024-25 2024–25

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje

*
Luka Jovanovic

**Luka Jovanovic** (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Mayu shekarar ta 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Australiya wanda ke taka leda a ' matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na ƙungiyar A-League Men Adelaide United . 

## Ayyukan kulob din
Ya fara wasan farko na sana'a a wasan Maza na A-League na Adelaide United da Western United a ranar 6 ' Nuwamba 2022, a matsayin mai maye gurbin a nasarar 4-2.  An ba Jovanovic lambar yabo ta John Aloisi Rising Star saboda wasan kwaikwayon da ' ya yi wa Adelaide United NPL a gasar Firimiya ta Kasa a kakar 2022. A ranar 11 ga watan Maris na shekara ta ' 2023, Jovanovic ya zira kwallaye na farko a  wasan kwallon kafa na Adelaide United a nasarar da suka samu 4-2 ' a kan Newcastle Jets.

Bayan gwagwarmayar ' gasar cin Kofin Australia na 2024, Jovanovic ya buɗe asusun sa da wuri a cikin kakar A-League ta 2024-25, inda ya ' zira kwallaye a kan firaministan da ke mulki na Central Coast minti goma kawai a wasan farko na ' Adelaide.

## Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Jovanovic ya ' cancanci wakiltar Australia ta hanyar haihuwa ko Serbia ta  hanyar iyayensa ' matakin kasa da kasa.

## Kididdigar aiki

## Daraja
**Ostiraliya U-20**

* Zakarun Kofin Asiya na AFC U-20: 2025

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje

*
Zaben Majalisar Dattijai na Najeriya na 2003 a Jihar Katsina

An gudanar da zaben Majalisar Dattijan Najeriya na 2003 a Jihar Katsina a ranar 12 ga Afrilu, 2003, don zabar mambobin Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya don wakiltar Jihar Katsana. Mahmud Kanti Bello wanda ke wakiltar Katsina North da Abu Ibrahim wanda ke wakilcin Katsina South sun ci nasara a dandalin All Nigeria Peoples Party, yayin da Umar Ibrahim Tsauri wanda ke wakilci Katsina Central ya ci nasara a kan dandalin Peoples Democratic Party.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya

## Takaitaccen Bayani

## Sakamakon

### Katsina ta Arewa
Abu Ibrahim na jam'iyyar All Nigeria Peoples Party ne ya lashe zaben.

### Katsina ta Kudu
Umar Ibrahim Tsauri na jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.

### Katsina ta Tsakiya
Mahmud Kanti Bello na jam'iyyar All Nigeria Peoples Party ne ya lashe zaben.

## Manazarta
Harin Boala 2022

A ranar 7 ga Disamba, 2022, an kashe masu aikin sa kai guda goma don Kare 'yan ta'addar gida, wani mayaka farar hula na Burkina Faso a wata kasuwa da ke Sashen Boala, yankin Tsakiyar Nord, Burkina Faso. Harin na biyu a ranar 10 ga watan Disamba ya kashe fararen hula bakwai.

## Gabatarwa
Arewacin Burkina Faso dai na fama da tashe-tashen hankula tun a shekarar 2015 bayan da mayakan jihadi da ke da alaka da Al-Qaeda da ISIS suka koma yankunan karkarar arewacin kasar, tare da bunkasar kungiyoyin jihadi na gida irin na Ansarul Islam. Domin yakar hare-haren da wadannan kungiyoyi masu jihadi suka kai wa fararen hula wadanda ba Fulani ba, al'ummar Mossi na yankin sun kirkiro wata rundunar fararen hula da ke kawance da gwamnati da ake kira Koglweogo, wadda daga baya aka fi sani da 'Yan Sa-kai na Tsaron Gida, ko VDP. A lardin Namentenga, inda aka kai harin na Boala, tashin hankali tsakanin fararen hula, VDP, da kungiyoyin jihadi ya karu a karshen rabin shekarar 2022. Wani hari a Namentenga ya kashe mutane goma a watan Yuni, da wani kwantan bauna a Silmangue, wani kauye a lardin a watan Oktoba ya kashe sojojin Burkina Faso goma sha daya da 'yan bindigar VDP. Kwanaki kadan gabanin harin na Boala, mayakan jihadi sun kashe fararen hula shida a Bittikou, kusa da kan iyakar Ghana da Togo.

## Kai hari
An fara kai harin ne a kasuwar Boala, babban birnin lardin Namentenga, da yammacin ranar 7 ga watan Disamba. A cewar wani jami'in VDP na yankin, VDP sun yi yaki da masu aikata laifin na tsawon sa'o'i biyu. Rikicin ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar VDP goma, tare da fararen hula biyu. Haka kuma an kashe masu jihadi 20.

A ranar 10 ga watan Disamba ne mayakan jihadi suka kai hari a Boulsa a karo na biyu, inda suka kona kasuwar yankin. A harin na biyu kuma an kashe fararen hula bakwai.

## Manazarta
Itaka Frank Ineke

**Itaka Frank Ineke** ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda ya fito daga jihar Kogi, an haife shi a watan Satumba 1958. Ya wakilci mazabar tarayya ta Idah/Ofu/Ibaji/Igalamela-Odolu a majalisar dokoki ta kasa har wa'adi uku, daga 2003 zuwa 2007, a matsayin dan jam'iyyar All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP).

## Manazarta
Ayoola Adeleke

Cif **Raji Ayoola Adeleke** (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Disamba 1923) ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne, ɗan gwagwarmayar ƙwadago kuma sanata a jamhuriya ta biyu wanda ya wakilci Old Oyo State Senatorial District 11 wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan hukumomi shida na yanzu a jihar Osun: Ede, Osogbo, Irepodun, Ifelodun, Odo Otin, Ila Orangun.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An haifi Adeleke a garinsu na Ede a ranar 27 ga Disamba 1923. Mahaifiyarsa, Madam Adeboyin da ke gidan OniIegogoro ta kasance wata mace mai suna Iyalode (Shugaban matan kasuwa) a Ede. Tsakanin 1935 zuwa 1938 Adeleke ya halarci makarantar firamare ta St Peter's Ede, Osun sannan ya kammala karatun Grammar School a Ibadan a shekarar 1943. A 1947 ya sami takardar shaidar jinya a makarantar kula da aikin jinya. Ya kasance memba na farko na kungiyar ma'aikatan jinya ta Najeriya a 1948.

A rayuwarsa ya kasance mataimakin shugaban kasa, United Labour Congress of Nigeria, Director of Federal Labor Advisory Council, kuma shugaban kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross ta Najeriya, Ede, reshen Osun. A 1976, an ba shi mukamin Balogun na Ede. Karkashin jam’iyyar Unity Party of Nigeria an zabe shi dan majalisar dattawa a zaben 1979 na ‘yan majalisar dokokin Najeriya kuma ya wakilci tsohon Sanatan jihar Oyo District 11. Ya yi aure sau biyu matarsa ​​ta biyu, Misis Nnena Esther Adeleke daga Old Enugu, ya haifi ‘ya’ya biyar ciki har da Sanata Isiaka Adeleke da Ademola Adeleke.

## Manazarta
Napoleon Bali

**Napoleon Binkap Bali**(an haife shi ranar 28 ga watan Nuwamba, 1963) Air Vice Marshall ne mai ritaya (AVM). Gundumar Sanatan Plateau ta Kudu.

## Manazarta
Bob Nwannunu

**John Bob Nwannnunu** Ɗan siyasar Najeriya ne. An zaɓe shi Sanata mai wakiltar mazabar Abia ta tsakiya a jihar Abia a Najeriya a farkon jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, inda ya tsaya takara a jam'iyyar All People's Party (APP). Ya fara aiki a ranar 29 ga Mayu 1999.

Bayan ya hau kujerarsa a Majalisar Dattawa an nada shi kwamitocin Zabe, Man Fetur, Sadarwa, Wutar Lantarki da Karfe da Noma. Shi ne mataimakin shugaban APP a majalisar dattawa. A cikin watan Janairun 2001, yayin da yake magana kan shirin tsige majalisar ministocin da shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo ya yi, ya ce tawagar ministocin Obasanjo na farko sun gaza yin aiki a ofis saboda sun zuba ido kan harkokin siyasa na gaba.

## Manazarta
Konbowei Benson

**Konbowei Friday Benson** (an haife shi 3 ga Fabrairu 1962) ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne kuma Sanata mai wakiltar Bayelsa ta tsakiya a majalisar dattawa a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar PDP.

## Manazarta
Isaac Ruzama Jimba

**Isaac Ruzama Jimba** ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne daga jihar Kogi, an haife shi a watan Oktoba 1948. Ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan majalisar tarayya, mai wakiltar mazabar Bassa/Dekina ta tarayya daga 1990 zuwa 2003 da kuma a 2003 zuwa 2007, a matsayin ɗan jam'iyyar All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP).

## Manazarta
Ibrahim Bawa Kamba

**Ibrahim Bawa Kamba** (an haife shi a watan Yuli 1954). Ɗan siyasar Najeriya ne daga jihar Kebbi, ya taba zama dan majalisar tarayya, mai wakiltar mazabar Arewa/Dandi daga 2003 zuwa 2007 da kuma a 2011 zuwa 2015, a matsayin dan jam'iyyar All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP).

## Manazarta
Tsegba Terngu

**Tsegba Terngu** ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne kuma tsohon kakakin majalisar dokokin jihar Benue.

## Sana'a
Terngu ya kasance kakakin majalisar dokokin jihar Benue a karkashin inuwar jam’iyyar People’s Democratic Party, kafin daga bisani a dakatar da shi saboda rashin biyayya a 2024. Ya kuma kasance shugaban jam’iyyar Benue Progressive Patriot.

An yi garkuwa da mahaifinsa Tsegba Gbor, mai mulkin Gboko North a fadarsa a shekarar 2016 da wasu da ba a bayyana ba. A shekarar 2024, jam’iyyarsa ta gayyaci Terngu domin amsa tambayoyi tare da dakatar da shi tare da wasu ‘ya’yan jam’iyyar PDP saboda rashin da’a da kuma rashin bin jam’iyya.

## Manazarta
Nurudeen Abatemi Usman

**Nurudeen Abatemi-Usman** ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne kuma injiniya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Sanata mai wakiltar Kogi ta Tsakiya Sanata daga 2011 zuwa 2015.

## Manazarta
Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar wakilan Najeriya, 2007-2011

Wannan jerin sunayen mutane ne da suka yi aiki a majalisar wakilai ta Najeriya a majalisar wakilai ta 6.

## Manazarta
Bright Jacob

**Bright Onyebuchi Jacob** dan siyasar Najeriya ne kuma tsohon shugaban karamar hukumar Oyigbo. Shi memba ne na Jam’iyyar Dimokuradiyya ta Jama’ar Jihar Ribas, kuma shi ne Kwamishinan Kasuwanci da Masana’antu tun Disamba 2015.

## Manazarta
Fred Kpakol

**Fred Barivure Kpakol** akawu ne kuma ɗan siyasa. Ya rike mukamin kwamishinan kudi na jihar Ribas tsakanin shekarar 2015 zuwa 2019. Ya kuma rike mukamin kwamishinan noma tsakanin shekarar 2019 zuwa 2022. Shi dan garin B-dere ne a garin Gokana. Ya karanci lissafin kudi da kudi a Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Ribas sannan ya kammala karatunsa na B.Sc. a Accounting da Finance. Ya kara da yin digirinsa na biyu a fannin banki da hada-hadar kudi a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Owerri daga baya kuma ya samu digirin digirgir na Ph.D. digiri a Bankin, Kudi da Haraji daga Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Ribas. Kpakol yana da alaƙa da jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban karamar hukumar Gokana. Ya kuma kasance tsohon Sakataren kungiyar Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya reshen Jihar Ribas.

## Duba kuma
•Jerin mutanen jihar Ribas

## Manazarta
Chukwuemeka Woke

**Chukwuemeka Woke** (wanda aka fi sani da Emeka Woke) injiniyan Najeriya ne kuma dan siyasa a jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party. Ya taba zama shugaban karamar hukumar Emohua a jihar Ribas. A watan Yunin 2015, tsohon Gwamna Ezenwo Wike ya nada shi a matsayin shugaban ma’aikata na gwamnatin jihar Ribas. An zabe shi a matsayin kwamishinan da aka nada a watan Yunin 2023 kuma daga baya aka rantsar da shi a matsayin kwamishinan ayyuka na musamman a karkashin gwamnatin Siminalayi Fubara. Ya yi murabus ne a ranar 9 ga Mayu, 2024, kuma an nada shi Manajan Darakta/Shugaba na Hukumar Raya Kogin Ogun-Osun. A ranar 22 ga Mayu, 2024, an sake nada shi a matsayin Darakta Janar/Babban Babban Jami’in Hukumar Bincike da Ba da Agajin Mai ta Kasa, inda ya karbi mukamin a ranar 10 ga Yuni, 2024.

## Rigingimu
Jihar ta kama Woke da laifin jagorantar wata tawagar 'yan wasa a cikin motoci biyu masu amfani da wasanni da suka bi suka bude wuta a Dakuku Peterside.

## Duba kuma
•Jerin mutanen jihar Ribas

## Manazarta
Hukumar Bincike ta Kasa

NIA tana karkashin jagorancin darektan janar (DG), wanda jami'in IPS ne kuma yana da matsayin Darakta Janar na 'yan sanda. NIA tana da hedkwata a New Delhi . Darakta janar na NIA yana samun taimako daga manyan daraktoci na musamman / ƙarin daraktoci janar (ADGs) da masu dubawa janar (IGs). Akwai ofisoshin reshe a duk faɗin ƙasar don tabbatar da ɗaukar hoto da daidaitawa a duk fa'idar ta'addanci da sauran binciken da ya shafi tsaro na ƙasa. Ana nada manyan jami'ai ta hanyar wakilai daga Ofishin 'yan sanda na Indiya (IPS), Ofishin Haraji na Indiya (IRS), Rundunar 'Yan Sandan Tsakiya [CAPF] da kuma daga Ofishin' yan Sanda na Jiha (SPS). Sabanin haka, ana zaɓar ma'aikatan da ke ƙasa kai tsaye ta hanyar Hukumar Zaɓin Ma'aikata (SSC) ko ta hanyar wakilai daga Rundunar 'Yan Sanda ta Tsakiya [CAPF] da kuma rundunonin' 'Yan sanda na Jiha daban-daban.Jami'an Jami'ai a cikin NIA sun haɗa da DGs, ADGs, IGs, DIGs, SPs, Add.SPs da DSPs.

Yana da ikon gudanar da bincike, yin kwace-kwace da kamawa ba tare da izini ba, da kuma tattara shaidu da kula da bayanan Kungiyoyin ta'addanci da membobinsu. NIA ba ta buƙatar izini daga gwamnatocin jihohi don aiwatar da ayyukanta, ba kamar sauran hukumomin matakin ƙasa ba.

Hukumar ta wanzu ne tare da aiwatar da *Dokar Hukumar Bincike ta Kasa ta 2008* ta Majalisar dokokin Indiya a ranar 31 ga Disamba 2008, wanda aka zartar da shi bayan mummunan harin ta'addanci na 26/11 a Mumbai. Irin wannan hari ya nuna gazawar leken asiri da ikon bin diddigin irin waɗannan ayyukan da hukumomin da ke akwai a Indiya suka yi, saboda haka Gwamnatin Indiya ta fahimci bukatar takamaiman kungiya don magance ayyukan da suka shafi ta'addanci a Indiya, don haka ta kafa NIA. Hedikwatar a New Delhi, NIA tana da rassa a Hyderabad, Guwahati, Kochi, Lucknow, Mumbai, Kolkata, Raipur, Jammu, Chandigarh, Ranchi, Chennai da Imphal. Yana riƙe da jerin NIA Mafi Bukatar. Ayyukanta da tasirin ta kuma kasance ƙarƙashin bincike, tare da muhawara game da ikonta, lissafi, da daidaitawa tare da wasu hukumomi.

## Shirye-shiryen
.
James Johnson

**James "Mai Tsarki" Johnson** (c. 1836-1917) ya kasance fitaccen limami kuma ɗaya daga cikin mambobin Afirka na farko na Majalisar Dokoki Najeriya. 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haife shi a Saliyo a cikin 1836 ga iyayen Afirka masu 'yanci na asalin Yoruba. Johnson ya shiga makarantar Church Mission Society (CMS), sannan ya ci gaba zuwa Fourah Bay Institution, wanda ke Freetown, ya kammala a 1858.

## Ayyuka

Ya kasance malamin makaranta har zuwa 1863, lokacin da ya shiga hidimar.

CMS ta yi sha'awar iyawar Johnson, kuma ta tura shi zuwa aikin Yoruba a Najeriya, da farko a Legas sannan a Abeokuta. Bai yi nasara ba a matsayin mai wa'azi a ƙasashen waje, watakila saboda ɗabi'arsa mai tsauri, kuma a cikin 1880 an nada shi fasto na Cocin Breadfruit a Legas.

Lokacin da aka raba yankin Legas daga Gold Coast a 1886, majalisar dokoki ta sabon mulkin mallaka ta kunshi mambobi hudu na hukuma da uku marasa hukuma. Gwamnan Legas Colony Alfred Moloney ya zabi 'yan Afirka biyu a matsayin wakilan da ba na hukuma ba, Johnson da ɗan kasuwa Charles Joseph George . 

A cikin 1900, an tsarkake Johnson a matsayin bishop, don aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Bishop a cikin Diocese na Yammacin Equatorial Afirka tare da kula da yankunan Neja Delta da Benin,  yana riƙe da wannan mukamin har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1917.

Ya yi imani da Puritan, Kiristanci na Bishara, amma yana adawa da wasu fannoni na al'adun Turai waɗanda ya ji ba su dace da Afirka ba.

Johnson ya sami digiri na Doctor of Divinity (DD) daga Jami'ar Durham a watan Maris na shekara ta 1900. 

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje na Kirista
* Jerin 'yan Najeriya
* Jerin 'yan Saliyo

## Manazarta
Yanke hukunci

Hukunci (daga shari'ar Latin 'doka' da dicio 'magana' ko 'bayani') shine kalmar shari'a don ikon doka da aka baiwa mahallin doka don aiwatar da adalci. A cikin tarayya kamar Amurka, manufar ikon mulki tana aiki a matakai da yawa (misali, gida, jiha, da tarayya).

Hukuncin ya samo asali ne daga dokokin kasa da kasa, rikice-rikice na dokoki, dokokin tsarin mulki, da kuma ikon hukumomin zartarwa da na majalisu na gwamnati don ware albarkatun don samar da bukatun al'umma.

## Girman duniya
Gabaɗaya, dokokin duniya da yarjejeniyoyin suna ba da yarjejeniyoyin da ƙasashe suka yarda a ɗaure su. Irin waɗannan yarjejeniyoyin ba koyaushe ake kafawa ko kiyaye su ba. Ana amfani da ikon mallakar yanki ta hanyar ka'idoji guda uku da aka tsara a cikin yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Waɗannan su ne daidaiton jihohi, ikon yanki da rashin shiga tsakani. wannan yana haifar da tambayoyin lokacin da jihohi da yawa za su iya ba da izini ko tilasta izini. Shari'ar Lotus ta kafa wasu mahimman dokoki guda biyu zuwa takardar sayan magani da aiwatar da hukumci. Shari’ar ta fayyace cewa hukunce-hukuncen yanki ne kuma wata kasa ba za ta yi amfani da huruminta a wata kasa ba sai dai idan babu wata ka’ida da ta halatta hakan A kan haka, jihohi suna da fa'ida mai fa'ida don ba da izini ga mutane, dukiya da ayyuka a cikin yankinsu sai dai idan babu wata ka'ida da ta hana hakan

## lamuran siyasa
Ƙungiyoyin maɗaukaki suna ba da hanyoyin da za a iya magance rikice-rikice tsakanin al'ummomi ta hanyar yin sulhu ko sulhu. Lokacin da aka amince da kasa a matsayin de jure, to yana zama amincewa da sauran al'ummomin de jure cewa kasar tana da iko da 'yancin zama

Duk da haka, sau da yawa yana kan ra'ayin kowace al'umma ko ta ba da haɗin kai ko shiga. Idan wata al'umma ta yarda ta shiga cikin ayyukan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa kuma ta yarda da yanke shawara, al'ummar tana ba da ikon mallakarta kuma ta haka ne ke ba wa waɗannan hukumomi iko.

Muddin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi ko mutanen da aka zaɓa za su iya warware takaddama ta hanyar shari'a ko ta hanyar shari'a, ko inganta wajibcin yarjejeniya a cikin yanayin dokoki, ikon da aka ba wa waɗannan ƙungiyoyin yana wakiltar ikonsa. Amma duk da irin karfin da kowace hukuma za ta yi, gwargwadon yadda za a iya aiwatar da wani hukunci nasu, ko yarjejeniya da yarjejeniyoyin da aka tsara za su zama, ko kuma su ci gaba da yin tasiri a cikin iyakokin kowace kasa, lamari ne na siyasa a karkashin ikon kowace kasa.

## Manazarta
Dokokin farko da na biyu

'Dokoki na farko da na sakandare (wanda kuma ake kira delegated laws ko m laws[1]) nau'i ne na doka guda biyu, wanda majalisun dokoki da na zartarwa na gwamnatoci suka kirkira a cikin tsarin dimokuradiyya na wakilai. Dokokin farko gabaɗaya sun ƙunshi ƙa'idodi, waɗanda kuma aka sani da 'ayyuka', waɗanda ke tsara ƙa'idodi da ƙa'idodi masu faɗi, amma suna iya ba da takamaiman iko ga reshen zartarwa don samar da takamaiman takamaiman dokoki a ƙarƙashin ikon babban aikin. Sa'an nan kuma bangaren zartarwa na iya fitar da dokoki na biyu (sau da yawa ta hanyar oda a cikin tsarin majalisa, ko kuma ta hukumomin da ke kula da tsarin shugaban kasa), samar da ka'idoji masu dacewa da doka da hanyoyin aiwatar da su.

## Ostiraliya
A cikin Dokar Australiya, dokokin farko sun haɗa da ayyukan Majalisar Commonwealth da majalisun jihohi ko yankuna. Dokokin sakandare, wanda ake kira kayan aikin majalisa, ƙa'idodi ne da aka yi bisa ga doka ta zartarwa ko shari'a ko wasu ƙayyadaddun hukumomi waɗanda ke da tasirin doka. Dokokin sakandare sun kai kusan rabin dokar Commonwealth ta hanyar girma. Kodayake zartarwa ce ta yi shi, har yanzu majalisa ce ke bincika dokokin sakandare kuma ana iya hana su ta hanyar ƙuduri na kowane gidan majalisa.

## Kanada
A cikin Dokar Kanada, dokokin farko (wanda ake kira dokar doka) sun ƙunshi ayyukan Majalisar dokokin Kanada da majalisun larduna. Dokokin sakandare (wanda kuma ake kira tsari) sun haɗa da dokokin da aka yi ta hanyar tarayya ko lardin a cikin Majalisar ta hanyar dokar da majalisa ko majalisa suka yi a baya.

## Yankin shari'ar jama'a
A cikin tsarin dokar farar hula, majalisa ta ba da dokoki na farko, tare da ƙananan hukumomi da aka ba da iko don ba da dokokin da aka ba su. Za a iya gabatar da mataki don sake dubawa na shari'a game da ingancin dokokin sakandare a gaban kotu - misali, kotun kundin tsarin mulki.

Misali a Finland,  aikin shine a ba da izinin yin doka ta biyu ("doka", Finnish: asetus) galibi ga Gwamnatin Finland (ma'aikatar) gaba ɗaya, ga ma'aikatun mutum (wanda ministan ya yi; misali, inda canjin matsayin shari'a na mutane yana da iyaka da fasaha), ko ga Shugaban Jamhuriyar (misali, inda aiwatar da wajibai na yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa ba ya buƙatar doka). Delegation ga Hukumomin gwamnati ne na musamman (misali, lokacin da bukatar tsari ne na fasaha kuma yana iya canzawa da sauri) kuma an yi shi da karin taka tsantsan.
## Manazarta
Zartarwa (gwamnati)

**zartarwa** shine bangare na gwamnati wanda ke aiwatar da ko aiwatar da doka. Ana iya shirya shi a matsayin reshe na gwamnati, kamar yadda dimokuradiyya mai sassaucin ra'ayi ke yi ko kuma a matsayin wani bangare na kayan aikin jihar, kamar yadda yake a Jihohin kwaminisanci.

## Ayyuka
Matsayin ikon zartarwa ya bambanta sosai dangane da yanayin siyasa da ya fito, kuma yana iya canzawa a tsawon lokaci a cikin wata ƙasa. A cikin ƙasashe masu dimokuradiyya, zartarwa sau da yawa tana da tasiri sosai a kan siyasar ƙasa, kodayake ana amfani da iyakoki ga zartarwa.

Also cikin Tsarin siyasa wanda ya danganci rabuwa da iko, ana rarraba ikon gwamnati tsakanin rassa da yawa don hana iko daga mayar da hankali a hannun mutum ɗaya ko rukuni. Don cimma wannan, kowane reshe yana ƙarƙashin binciken sauran rassan; gabaɗaya, rawar da majalisa ke takawa ita ce ta zartar da dokoki, waɗanda zartarwa ke tilasta su, kuma shari'a ke fassara su. Har ila yau, zartarwa na iya zama tushen wasu nau'ikan doka ko ka'idojin da aka samo daga doka, kamar doka ko umarnin zartarwa.

A cikin waɗanda ke amfani da haɗin iko, yawanci tsarin majalisa, Ƙasar Ingila, zartarwa ta kafa gwamnati, kuma membobinta gabaɗaya suna cikin jam'iyyar siyasa da ke kula da majalisa. Tun da zartarwa tana buƙatar goyon baya da amincewar majalisa, ƙungiyoyin biyu suna "haɗe" tare, maimakon kasancewa masu zaman kansu. Ka'idar ikon mallakar majalisa tana nufin ikon da zartarwa ke da shi ya dogara ne kawai ga waɗanda majalisar dokoki ta ba su, wanda kuma zai iya ba da ayyukansa ga sake dubawa na shari'a. Koyaya, zartarwa sau da yawa tana da iko mai yawa wanda ya samo asali ne daga ikon gwamnati, musamman a fannonin tattalin arziki ko Manufofin kasashen waje.

A cikin tsarin majalisa, zartarwa tana da alhakin zaɓaɓɓen majalisa, wanda dole ne ya ci gaba da amincewar majalisa ko wani ɓangare na shi, idan bicameral. A wasu yanayi (ya bambanta da jihar), majalisar dokoki na iya nuna rashin amincewarta da zartarwa, wanda ke haifar da canji a cikin jam'iyya mai mulki ko ƙungiyar jam'iyyun ko babban zabe. Tsarin majalisa yana da shugaban gwamnati (wanda ke jagorantar zartarwa, sau da yawa ana kiranta ministoci) wanda ya bambanta da shugaban kasa (wanda ke ci gaba ta hanyar canje-canje na gwamnati da na zabe). A Irin tsarin majalisa na Westminster, ka'idar rabuwa da iko ba ta da tushe kamar yadda yake a wasu. Mambobin zartarwa (ministoci), suma mambobi ne na majalisa, sabili da haka suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a rubuce-rubuce da aiwatar da doka. A cikin tsarin shugaban kasa, shugaban gwamnati da aka zaba kai tsaye yana nada ministoci. Ministocin za su iya zabar su kai tsaye ta hanyar masu jefa kuri'a.
## Shugabannin da ministoci
A cikin tsarin shugaban kasa, shugaban zartarwa shine shugaban kasa da gwamnati. A wasu lokuta, kamar Koriya ta Kudu, akwai Firayim Minista wanda ke taimaka wa Shugaban kasa, amma wanda ba shugaban gwamnati ba ne amma shine na biyu a cikin sarkar.

A cikin tsarin majalisa, Minista ministoci da ke da alhakin majalisa shine shugaban gwamnati, yayin da shugaban kasa yawanci sarki ne ko shugaban kasa.
## Manazarta
Michael Agbamuche

**Michael Ashikodi Agbamuche** (16 Agusta 1920 - 17 Afrilu 1998) ya kasance tsohon Atoni-Janar kuma Ministan Shari'a na Tarayyar Najeriya daga Satumba 1994 zuwa 1997, Babban Lauyan Najeriya (SAN), an zabe shi a 1979 zuwa Majalisar Wakilai ta Tarayya[2] da NnaIgbo na A.okwu.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Michael Agbamuche a ranar 16 ga watan Agusta 1920 a Akwukwu-Igbo inda ya halarci makarantar firamare ta St John's Anglican. Ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in addini a sakatariyar gwamnati ta Kaduna a lokacin har ya ci jarrabawar sa ta Senior Cambridge sannan ya wuce Landan don ci gaba da karatu. Ya yi rajista a cikin kwas na gabatarwa na shekara guda a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Battersea yanzu Jami'ar Surrey daga 1950 zuwa 1951 ya kasa tantancewa] kafin ya ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin King London inda ya sami digiri a fannin Shari'a. An kira shi zuwa gidan ibada na Ingilishi a ranar 24 ga Yuni 1958. Ya dawo Najeriya kuma ya yi rajista a matsayin lauya da lauya a Kotun Koli ta Najeriya a 1958.

## Sana'a, alƙawura da siyasa (lokacin lokaci)
A shekarar 1962, Mai martaba Sarauniya Elizabeth ta biyu Sarauniyar Najeriya ta nada Michael Agbamuche mai kula da lardunan Kano da Katsina bisa shawarar Firimiya na yankin Arewa & Sardaunan Sakkwato Sir Ahmadu Bello. Ya ci gaba da zama a cikin harkokin shari'a na sirri a cikin birnin Kano har zuwa 1966. A 1967, ya kasance babban lauyan jiha, ma'aikatar shari'a a yankin Midwest. Ya koma leda a Legas a shekarar 1970. A 1976 ya shiga siyasa aka zabe shi kansila a karamar hukumar Oshimili. A tsarin jam’iyyar NPP a shekarar 1979 aka zabe shi kuma ya zama dan majalisar wakilai[2].

A cikin 1984 ya zama Babban Lauyan Najeriya (SAN) [1] daga Babban Jojin Najeriya bisa shawarar kwamitin gata na masu aikin shari'a. A watan Satumba 1994 ya zama babban lauya kuma ministan shari'a na Tarayyar Najeriya, mukamin da ya rike har zuwa 1997. Ya rasu a ranar 17 ga Afrilu 1998.

## Manazarta
Oni Akerele

**John Oni Akerele** (ya rasu a shekara ta 1983) likitan dan Najeriya ne, likitan fida na farko na Najeriya.

Yayin da yake zaune a Landan, a cikin 1941 ya auri Dorothy Jackson, wacce ‘yar asalin Afirka ce, Turai da Amurkawa, kuma suka kafa gida a Kilburn, a arewacin Landan. Gidansu ya zama wurin haduwa da ’yan Afirka irin su Nnamdi Azikiwe, Shugaban Najeriya na farko, da Jomo Kenyatta na Kenya. Yayin da yake Landan, a shekarar 1945 yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa kungiyar al'adun gargajiya ta kabilar Yarabawa Egbe Omo Oduduwa, kuma shine shugaban kasa na farko. Membobin sun hada da Obafemi Awolowo, Sakatare, Akintola Williams, Saburi Biobaku, Ayo Rosiji da sauransu.

Akerele ya dawo Najeriya bayan samun ‘yancin kai a shekarar 1960, kuma ya zama jami’in kula da lafiya a yankin yammacin Ibadan. A lokacin yakin basasar Najeriya (1967-1970) sun koma Legas, inda Akerele ya kafa wata sana'a ta sirri. Ya mutu a shekara ta 1983. Dorothy ya rayu har zuwa shekaru 93, ya mutu a cikin Afrilu 2007.

Diyarsa Kofoworola Bucknor-Akerele kuma ta zama fitacciyar ‘yar siyasa a Najeriya.

## Manazarta
Fassarar shari'a

**Fassarar shari'a** ita ce hanyar da shari'a ke fassara doka, musamman takardun Tsarin Mulki, dokoki da kuma amfani da ƙamus akai-akai. Wannan muhimmiyar batu ce a wasu yankuna na doka kamar Amurka, Ostiraliya da Kanada, saboda manyan kotuna na waɗancan ƙasashe na iya soke dokoki da majalisunsu suka yi ta hanyar tsarin da ake kira bita na shari'a.

Misali, Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta yanke shawarar batutuwa kamar halattaccen Bautar kamar yadda aka yanke shawarar Dred Scott, da kuma kawar da wariyar launin fata kamar yadda aka yi a *Brown v Hukumar Ilimi*, da kuma haƙƙin zubar da ciki kamar yadda aka ba da shawarar *Roe da Wade*. A sakamakon haka, yadda alƙalai ke fassara kundin tsarin mulki, da kuma hanyoyin da suke kusantar wannan aikin suna da bangare na siyasa. Kalmomin da ke bayyana nau'ikan fassarar shari'a na iya zama masu rikitarwa; alal misali, kalmar shari'a mai ra'ayin mazan jiya na iya bambanta da ma'ana dangane da abin da ke ƙoƙarin "tsare shi". Mutum na iya duba fassarar shari'a tare da ci gaba daga hana shari'a zuwa gwagwarmayar shari'a, tare da ra'ayoyi daban-daban tare da ci gaban.

## Tushen fassarar shari'a

* Daidaituwa yana faruwa lokacin da alƙalai suka auna nau'ikan buƙatu ko haƙƙoƙi akan saɓanin saɓani, yawanci ana amfani da su don yanke hukunci a shari'o'in Gyaran Farko. Misali, shari’o’in da suka shafi ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki, wani lokaci suna bukatar alkalai su bambanta tsakanin halalcin magana da magana da za a iya takurawa ko haramtawa, a ce dalilai na aminci, kuma aikin a lokacin shi ne alkalai su daidaita wadannan da’awar da suka ci karo da juna. An soki tsarin daidaitawa daga alkalin Kotun Koli Felix Frankfurter wanda ya bayar da hujjar cewa Kundin Tsarin Mulki ba shi da jagora game da yadda za a auna ko auna bukatu daban-daban.[1]
 
Doctrinalism yayi la'akari da yadda sassa daban-daban na Kundin Tsarin Mulki suka kasance "da ikon shari'ar kotu", a cewar Finn.[1] Nufin Masu Kafa ya ƙunshi alkalai da ke ƙoƙarin auna manufar mawallafin doka ko tsarin mulki. Matsaloli na iya tasowa lokacin da alkalai suka yi ƙoƙarin tantance takamaiman waɗanda suka kafa ko Framers don tuntuɓar su, da kuma ƙoƙarin tantance abin da suke nufi bisa sau da yawa tarkace da cikakkun takardu.[1] Asalin asali ya ƙunshi alkalai waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin yin amfani da ma'anar "na asali" na tanadin tsarin mulki daban-daban.[1] Don tantance ainihin ma’anar, ana fassara tanadin tsarin mulki a cikin ainihin mahallinsa, watau yanayin tarihi, adabi, da siyasa na masu tsara tsarin. Daga waccan fassarar, an samo asali na asali wanda aka yi amfani da shi ga yanayin zamani. 
]

## Manazarta
Hastings Ndlovu

**Hastings Ndlovu** (2 Fabrairu 1961 - 16 Yuni 1976) ɗalibin Sakandare ne na Afirka ta Kudu wanda 'yan sanda suka kashe a rikicin Soweto na adawa da tsarin mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu.

## Mutuwa
An kashe ɗalibi Ndlovu ne a ranar 16 ga watan Yunin 1976 a lokacin boren Soweto da kisan kiyashi a lokacin da ‘yan sandan Orlando suka buɗe wuta kan ɗaliban da ke zanga-zangar nuna adawa da sanya dokar Afrikaans a makarantarsu. Mutuwar sa ba ta yaɗu kamar yadda Hector Pieterson ta yi ba saboda babu wani mai ɗaukar hoto da ya halarci wajen naɗa ta. Kwamandan 'yan sanda Kanar Kleingeld ya faɗa a hukumar Cillié cewa Ndlovu "yana tunzura jama'a". 

Ndlovu yana da ’yan’uwa mata uku da ɗan’uwa. 'Yan uwansa mata sun bar ƙasar jim kaɗan bayan 16 ga watan Yuni, amma sun koma Johannesburg bayan ƴan shekaru. 

## Martaba
An binne Ndlovu tare da Pieterson a makabartar Avalon a Johannesburg. Gidan sa da ke Soweto yana da alluna mai shuɗi a manne da shi a ranar 16 ga watan Yuni 2012 don tunawa da mutuwarsa.

## Manazarta