Jamhuriyar Benin (1967)

**Jamhuriyar Benin** Ta kasance wata kasa da ba a amince da ita ba a yankin Yammacin Afurka wacce ta wanzu na dan lokaci (kwana daya) a shekarar 1967. An kafa ta ne a ranar 19 ga Satumbar 1967 a lokacin yakin basasar Najeriya a matsayin kasar Biyafara, bayan mamaye yankin tsakiyar yammacin Najeriya, kuma aka sanya mata suna babban birnin kasar Benin, inda Albert Nwazu Okonkwo ya zama shugaban gwamnatin ta.

An kafa wananan sabuwar jiha ne a matsayin yunkuri na mutanen Biafra da su hana wadanda ba 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna yankin Tsakiyar Yamma da su mara wa Najeriya baya, sakamakon rikicin kabilanci a yankin a farkon yakin. An sanya mata Jamhuriyar Benin a hukumance duk da cewa a lokacin sojojin tarayyar Najeriya na ci gaba da mamaye yankin, kuma sun kawo karshenta washegarin bayan sun shiga birnin Benin.  Wannan mamaye yankin da Biyafara tayi wa yankin tsakiyar Yammacin Njeriya ya mayar da al'ummar yankin adawa da manufar ballewa daga kasar, kuma gwamnatin Najeriya ta yi amfani da wannan wajen ganin ta kara ruruta wutar yaki da kasar Biafra.

## Tarihi
Tun kafin yakin basasar Najeriya, mazauna yankin Tsakiyar Yamma masu kabilu iri-iri sun yi yunkurin daukar matakin tsaka mai wuya. Jim kadan kafin Biafra ta sanar da ballewarta daga Najeriya, shugabannin yankin Tsakiyar Yamma sun dauki nauyin gudanar da taron zaman lafiya a kusa da birnin Benin, kuma jami'ai sun ki barin sojojin Tarayyar Najeriya su mamaye yankin Biafra ta yankin.   A watan Agustan shekarar 1967 ne sojojin Biafra suka mamaye yankin tsakiyar Yamma tare da karbe ikon mulkin yankin, inda likita dan kasar Amurka Albert Okonkwo ya zama sabon shugaban gwamnati da taken Gwamna.  Da farko dai al'ummar Ibo sun yi maraba da mulkin kasar Biafra, yayin da kuma wadanda ba 'yan kabilar Igbo gaba daya ba su ji dadi ba amma sun yanke shawarar su jira a maido da mulkin tarayya maimakon yin tirjiya. Dangantakar farko tsakanin sabuwar gwamnatin da wadanda ba 'yan kabilar Igbo ba ta kasance cikin lumana amma babu dadi, kuma domin a inganta dangantakar gwamnatin Gwamna Okonkwo ta cika gidaje da tituna da labarai daga matsayin Biafra. Sai dai gangamin kafafen yada labarai ya fara cika jihar da labarai kan zaluncin da ‘yan kabilar Ibo ke yi a Najeriya, inda kwanaki suka wuce, sai dai ya kara rarrabuwar kabilanci a yankin. Gangamin hulda da jama’a da ba a karewa ba ya lalata tausayin wadanda ba ‘yan kabilar Igbo ba na masu fafutukar neman kafa kasar Biafra a maimakon mayar da su ga goyon bayan kai tsaye, inda akasarin su ke nuna halin ko-in-kula ko masu goyon bayan Najeriya.  Yayin da dangantaka ke ci gaba da tabarbarewa tsakanin gwamnatin ma’aikata da kuma wadanda ba ‘yan kabilar Igbo ba, shugaban kasar Biafra C. Odumegwu Ojukwu ya ziyarci yankin tsakiyar Yamma domin neman goyon baya tare da ganawa da shugabannin kungiyar NCNC da aka dakatar a baya. Duk da cewa ziyarar ta sa aka kara samun goyon bayan tsaffin ‘yan jam’iyyar NCNC, amma sabanin da ke tsakaninsu a baya ya farfado, kuma a lokaci guda ‘yan jam’iyyar NCNC suka fara yin artabu da magoya bayan wasu jam’iyyu, kuma ba ‘yan kabilar Ibo ba na kin amincewa da mamayewar.  Yayin da gwamnatin Okonkwo ke ci gaba da rasa goyon bayan al’ummar yankin Tsakiyar Yamma, sai suka shiga halin kaka-ni-kayi.

A ranar 19 ga watan Satumban shekarar 1967, ‘yan Biafra suka mayar da sunan yankin ta hanyar sauya mata suna zuwa Jamhuriyar Benin, kasa mai cin gashin kanta daga Biafra, a matsayin wani yunkuri na karshe. An yi imanin cewa ko da ba za ta iya samun goyon bayan da ba 'yan kabilar Igbo ba, sabuwar jihar na iya a kalla raba Biafra ta jiki da dakarun tarayyar Najeriya.  Da yake bayar da misali da mutuwar mazauna yankin Tsakiyar Yammacin Najeriya a rikicin arewacin kasar da kuma goyon bayan da yankin ke yi na kafa gwamnatin  a Najeriya, Okonkwo ya bayyana cewa Jamhuriyar Benin za ta goyi bayan Biafra a kowane fanni kuma za ta shiga kungiyoyi irinsu Commonwealth of Nations da kuma na kasa da kasa. Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka .  Duk da haka, Okonkwo ya san cewa sabuwar jihar ba za ta dawwama ba: shi da sauran jami'ai sun tattauna batun ayyana 'yancin kai makonni biyu da suka gabata a ranar 5 ga Satumba ba tare da cimma matsaya ba, kuma sanarwar ta kasance cikin dan kankanin lokaci yayin da shi da sojojinsa suka ja da baya a yankin. fuskantar ci gaban sojojin gwamnatin tarayya.  Daga baya a wannan rana, sojojin gwamnati sun isa birnin Benin, babban birnin Jamhuriyar Benin, kuma babban kwamishinan Biritaniya ya ba da rahoton jama'a da suka yi cunkoson jama'a a kan tituna domin murnar sake kwace iko.  A halin da ake ciki, shugaban kasar Biafra Ojukwu bai ce uffan ba kan ayyana sanarwar, inda ya mayar da hankali kan gazawar sojojin Biafra na hana gwamnati ci gaba.  Hankalinsa kan gazawar sojojin Okonkwo da rashin yin tsokaci kan shelanta ‘yancin kai ya nuna cewa watakila jami’an Biafra na shirin ayyana jamhuriyar Benin, kuma rashin amincewarsu na nuni da rashin lokacinta, maimakon faruwar lamarin. Kasar Biafra dai ta samu karancin karbuwa daga wasu kasashen ketare, amma duk nasarorin da aka samu basu da alaka da shelanta kasar Benin. Mamaya na Biafra na yankin Tsakiyar Yamma ya kasa cimma manufofinsa, ya kuma yi mummunar illa ga goyon bayan gida na neman ballewa a tsakanin wadanda ba 'yan kabilar Igbo ba, kuma gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta dauka a matsayin hujjar kara tayar da kananan rikici zuwa yakin basasa.  

## Duba kuma

* Jihar tsana
* Tutar Jamhuriyar Benin (Nigeria)
* Tutar Biafra

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Sanarwar 'Yancin Kan 'Jamhuriyar Benin'
* Duniya Statesmen- Najeriya - yana nuna tutarta