Babban Ambaliyar 1913

Babban Ruwan ruwa na 1913 ya faru ne tsakanin Maris 23 da Maris 26, bayan manyan koguna a tsakiya da gabashin Amurka sun ambaliya daga runoff da kwanaki da yawa na ruwan sama mai tsanani. Mutuwa da lalacewa da suka danganci a Amurka sun yadu kuma sun yi yawa. Duk da yake ainihin adadin ba tabbatacce ba ne, an kiyasta mutuwar da ke da alaƙa da ambaliyar ruwa a Ohio, Indiya, da wasu jihohi goma sha ɗaya a 650. Adadin mutanen da suka mutu a Ohio ya fadi tsakanin 422 da 470. Kimanin mutuwar da ke da alaƙa da ambaliyar ruwa a Indiana ya kasance daga 100 zuwa 200. Fiye da mutane miliyan huɗu sun rasa gidaje. Adadin wadanda suka mutu daga ambaliyar ruwa ta 1913 ya sanya shi na biyu ga Ambaliyar ruwa na Johnstown na 1889 a matsayin daya daga cikin ambaliyar da ta fi kisa a Amurka. Ambaliyar ta kasance babbar bala'in yanayi a Ohio. A Tsakiyar Yammacin Amurka, kimantawar lalacewar ta wuce kashi ɗaya bisa uku na dala biliyan. Lalacewar daga Babban Ambaliyar Dayton a Dayton, Ohio, ya wuce dala miliyan 73. An kiyasta lalacewar Indiana a dala miliyan 25 (a cikin dala na 1913). Ƙarin kudu, tare da Kogin Mississippi, lalacewar ta wuce dala miliyan 200. Rushewa daga ambaliyar ruwa ta 1913 da kuma ambaliyar da ta biyo baya tare da Kogin Mississippi a ƙarshe ta canza kulawar ƙasar na hanyoyin ruwa kuma ta kara tallafin tarayya don rigakafin ambaliyar ƙasa da kudade don ayyukan kula da ambaliyar. Dokar Tsaro ta Ohio, wacce gwamnan Ohio ya sanya hannu a shekara ta 1914, ta zama abin koyi ga wasu jihohi da za su bi. Dokar ta ba da izinin kafa gundumomi masu kiyayewa tare da ikon aiwatar da ayyukan kula da ambaliyar ruwa.

Tsarin guguwa wanda ya haifar da ambaliyar a ƙarshen Maris 1913 ya fara ne da tsarin guguwar hunturu na yau da kullun, amma ya haɓaka halaye waɗanda suka inganta ruwan sama mai yawa. Iska mai karfi ta Kanada ta dakatar da tsarin matsin lamba daga Bermuda kuma ta jinkirta kwararar gabas ta yau da kullun na tsarin matsin hankali. A halin yanzu, iska mai laushi daga Tekun Mexico ya koma cikin Midwestern Amurka ta hanyar kwarin Kogin Mississippi a matsayin tsarin matsin lamba na biyu na Kanada ya zo daga yamma, yana haifar da matsin lamba wanda ya shimfiɗa daga kudancin Illinois, a fadin tsakiyar Indiana, da arewacin Ohio. Akalla tsarin matsin lamba guda biyu da ke motsawa tare da ramin ya haifar da ruwan sama mai yawa a cikin kwanaki huɗu tsakanin Maris 23 da Maris 26. Yayin da guguwar ta sami ƙarfi a ranar Lahadi, 23 ga Maris, iska mai ƙarfi, ƙanƙara, da guguwa sun isa Great Plains, Kudancin Amurka, da Midwestern Amurka. Manyan guguwa sun mamaye Omaha, Nebraska; Lone Peach, Arkansas; da Terre Haute, Indiana. A ranar Litinin da Talata, Maris 24 da 25, 3 zuwa 8 inci (76 zuwa 203  ruwan sama ya fadi a Ohio, Indiana, da kudancin Illinois. Manyan koguna a Indiana da Ohio sun sami babban ruwa. Downstream, inda Kogin Ohio ya shiga Kogin Mississippi, matakin ruwa ya karya rikodin rikodin zuwa wannan lokacin yayin da ruwa ke gudana kudu zuwa Tekun Mexico. A ranar Talata, 25 ga Maris, Kogin Ohio da yankunan da ke kewaye da shi sun mamaye birane kamar Indianapolis, Indiana, da Cincinnati, Youngstown, da Columbus, Ohio. Dayton, Ohio, ya kasance mai wahala sosai. A ranar Laraba, 26 ga Maris, guguwar ta koma gabas zuwa Pennsylvania da New York, yayin da ruwan sama mai yawa ya ci gaba a kwarin Kogin Ohio. Ruwan sama mafi girma, 6 zuwa 9 inci (150 zuwa 230  ko fiye, ya rufe wani yanki daga kudancin Illinois zuwa arewa maso yammacin Pennsylvania. Yayin da guguwar ta ci gaba zuwa gabas, ambaliyar ruwa ta fara a New York, Massachusetts, Vermont, da Virginia. Kogin Potomac ya mamaye bakin kogin a Maryland.

## Yankunan da abin ya shafa
The storms that created the floods in 1913 continued over several days and produced record-breaking rain. It remains Ohio's "largest weather disaster" and triggered Indiana's worst flood on record. Storm-related flooding affected more than a dozen states: Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Vermont, and Virginia. The same weather system caused major tornadoes in the Great Plains, the South, and the Midwest, most notably in Omaha, Nebraska; Lone Peach, Arkansas; and Terre Haute, Indiana.

### Dayton, Ohio

Tsakanin Maris  da 25, ruwan sama mai yawa da ruwan da ke tashi daga Babban Kogin Miami ya fashe a gefen kudancin Dayton kuma ya ambaliya  ) na birnin. Hanyoyin da ke cikin gari na Dayton sun sami ruwa mai zurfi  . A ranar 26 ga watan Maris, yayin da ambaliyar ta kai ga iyakarsu, gundumar kasuwanci ta Dayton ta sami ƙarin lalacewa bayan gobara da fashewar iskar gas. An kiyasta mutane 123 ne suka mutu a Dayton. Downstream a kusa da Hamilton, Ohio, kimanin mutane 100 sun mutu bayan ruwa mai zurfi 10 zuwa 18 feet (3.0 zuwa 5.5  ya gudana cikin unguwanni.

## Manazarta