LaVerne Krause

**LaVerne Erickson Krause** (1924-1987) Yar wasan Amurka ce.Ta kafa shirin buga littattafai na Jami'ar Oregon kuma ta koyar a wurin har tsawon shekaru ashirin,ta samar da zane-zane asama da dubu goma a rayuwarta.It mai ba da shawara ce ga yanayin tattalin arziki da aiki na masu fasaha, ta taka rawar gani wajen kafa babin Oregon na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Ƙasa.An "san tane saboda fitattun gudunmawar da ta bayar a matsayin ta na malama, mai zane-zane,sannan mai fafutukar fasaha".

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi LaVerne Krause a Portland, Oregon . An ɗauke ta tana da shekara shida da haihuwa kuma ta girma a wata gona a wajen Portland tare da Mayan kawunenta maza da mata,james Martin da Hannah (Wrolstad) Erickson.  Ta halarci Jami'ar Oregon da ke Eugene a kan tallafin karatu na fasaha, tana aiki a lokacin bazara a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Commercial Iron Works a Portland a matsayin ma'aunin sikeli da ke lalata tarkacen jiragen ruwa don cire tsatsa,kuma a ƙarshe a matsayin ma'aikaciyar injin zane a wani aikin ƙarfe na jirgin ruwa,poole McGonigle.   Ta kammala karatu a shekarar 1946. Yayin da take Jami'ar Oregon,ta yi karatu a karkashin Jack Wilkinson, wanda ta daukeshi a matsayin babban malaminta. A Portland,ta halarci azuzuwa kuma daga ƙarshe ta fara koyarwa a Makarantar Art Museum .

Bayan kammala karatun digiri a Jami'ar Oregon a 1946,ta auri Labrecht Gerhard Krause,b alokacin taking sojojin duniya na biyu wanda ta san tun daga makarantar firamare.Sun haifi 'ya'ya maza biyu da mace daya. A cikin 1949 ma'auratan sun koma Portland,inda ya ci gaba da aiki da Kamfanin Biscuit na kasa.

## Sana'a
Nunin farko na Krause a cikin nunin fasaha mai juried ya kasance a gidan kayan gargajiya na Portland a cikin sheka ta 1949. A shekara ta 1951,ta fara daukar darasi a Makarantar Fasaha ta kayan tarihi, wanda gidan kayan tarihi na Portland ke daukar nauyinta, kuma hotonta na farko da aka nuna ya kasance a Louis Bunce's Kharouba Gallery a Portland. A shekara ta 1952,ta gudanar da baje kolin solo na farko a Portland Art Museum.

A 1954,aikin mijinta ya mayar da iyali zuwa Eugene kuma Krause ya zama mai aiki a cikin gida Artists Equity. Sun koma Portland shekaru biyu bayan haka, inda Krause ya zama mai sha'awar yankan itace da etching ta 1956,da bugawa ta 1958,a matsayin dalibi na rabin lokaci a Makarantar Art Museum.

An sake ta a shekar ta 1960, Krause ta koyar da azuzuwan yara a Makarantar Art Museum, kuma ta halarci wurin a rabin a way na lokaci a matsayin ɗaliba. Ta baje kolin zane-zanenta na siyarwa a wani dakin shakatawa da kuma a harabar gidan cin abinci na Gay Nineties a kudu maso yammacin Portland.  A cikin shekara ta 1965, Jack Wilkinson ya gayyaci Krause don ba da lacca a Eugene a kan "Long Life of the woodcut", kuma daga baya ya gayyace ta shiga ciki dan baiwa don koyar da etching.

Ta fara shirin bugawa a Jami'ar Oregon a matsayin mace daya tilo a cikin Sashen Fine da Aiyuka Arts (yanzu Sashen Fasaha). Ta yi aiki a Kwamitin Ilimin Jami'a akan Matsayin Mata, kuma Gov. Mark Hatfield ya nada ta a Majalisar Tsare-tsare don Fasaha, wanda ya kai ga kafa Hukumar Fasaha ta Oregon . A cikin 1981 ta taimaka wajen kafa Majalisar Bugawa na Arewa maso Yamma.

Krause ta koyar a Jami'ar Oregon daga 1966 zuwa 1986,inda aka san ta da "tasiri mai karfi akan daliban fasaha da matasa masu fasaha". Ta ƙirƙiro da zane sama da dubu goma a rayuwarta.

Krause ya ba da shawara ga yanayin tattalin arziki da aiki na masu fasaha, kuma ya zama memba mai kafa na ƙungiyar ƙwararrun masu fasaha ta Oregon.Ta zama shugabar ta daga 1954 zuwa 1955 da 1966–1968; ta kasance shugaban kasa na Ma'aikatar Masu Mahimmanci daga 1969 zuwa 1970. A cewar Arlene Schnitzer, "Hanyar baya kafin ta kasance gaye, ta kasance mai gwagwarmaya madadin mata da masu fasaha."  "Ta koyar dani Abu da yawa," in ji Schnitzer . 

Krause ta mutu a Babban Asibitin Zuciya a ranar 6 ga Mayu, 1987,a shekaru 62, bayan ta yi fama da cutar kansa tsawon shekaru hudu. 

## Salon fasaha
Gidan kayan gargajiya na Portland sun ajiye kayan tarihin rayuwar Krause da aka buga a cikin *Oregon Painters: Shekaru Ɗari na Farko (1859-1959)*, lura da cewa a cikin 1959 salonta ya koma ga rashin fahimta:palette dinta ya bambanta daga zazzafan purple, ja, da turquoise zuwa pastels masu sanyi, tare da launi mai maimaitawa. Ta yi imani haske da launi sune tsakiyar isar da yanayin abin da aka samu. . . Hotunanta na farko sun nuna gadoji, birane, da gine-gine - waɗanda aka yi amfani da su don halayen tsarin su da kuma ikonsu na motsa jiki. Yayin da zanenta ya girma, sai ta sauke su zuwa mafi sauƙi, ta yin amfani da launi da haske don haɓaka hangen nesa. 

## Kyaututtuka da gado
Krause ta sami lambar yabo ta Ford Foundation a 1964 a Seattle. Ta kasance sananniya a cikin 1980 tare da mafi girman girmamawar da Oregon ya ba wa mai fasaha, lambar yabo ta Gwamnan Oregon.

A cikin 1991, Jami'ar Oregon ta ƙirƙira LaVerne Krause Gallery a Lawrence Hall don girmama ta. Gidan hoton yana ɗaukar baje kolin zane-zane na ɗalibai a duk shekara ta ilimi.

## Duba kuma

* Jami'ar Oregon School of Architecture da Allied Arts

## Nassoshi


## Bayanan kula

: a. Majiyoyin sun yi karo da ranar mutuwar ta. *Eugene Register-Guard* a ranar Alhamis, 7 ga Mayu, 1987, antabbatar da rahoton mutuwarta a ranar Laraba (Mayu 6, 1987) . Madogara na biyu, duk da haka, rikodin "Oregon Death Index, 1898-2008" akan Ancestry.com, ya ba da rahoton mutuwar daban-daban: Mayu 5, 1987 . (ana buƙatar biyan kuɗi don samun damar yin rekodin akan Ancestry.com. )

: b. **^**  Majiyoyin sun yi karo da yadda aka rubuta sunan mijinta. Tattaunawar tarihin baka na LaVerne Krause a cikin Smithsonian Archives of American Art ya rubuta sunansa da "a" a farkon syllable, a matsayin "Labrecht". USMarine Muster Rolls da aka lissafta akan Ancestry.com jera sunansa a matsayin Lebrecht tare da "e" a farkon syllable. Fihirisar Aure na Oregon da Laburaren Jihar Oregon ke kula da shi kuma ya lissafa sunansa a matsayin "Lebrecht" . (ana buƙatar biyan kuɗi don samun damar yin rikodin akan Ancestry.com.)