Tsohon Olive

**Olive Marjorie Senior** (an haife ta a ranar 23 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1941)  mawaki ce ta Jamaica, marubuciyar,  gajeren labari kuma marubuciya ce mai zaman kanta a Toronto, Ontario, Kanada . An ba ta lambar yabo ta Musgrave Gold a shekara ta 2005 daga Cibiyar Jamaica saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga adabi. Sauran kyaututtuka da ta lashe sun hada da Dana Distinguished Farfesa na Rubuce-rubuce da Ilimi na Duniya a Jami'ar St. Lawrence (1994), Medal na Zinare na Cibiyar Jamaica, Kyautar Gidauniyar Norman Washington Manley don Kyakkyawan (2003), Dokta na Harafi a Jami'a ta West Indies (2017), da Kyautar OCM Bocas don Littattafan Caribbean (2016).  An nada Senior a matsayin Poet Laureate na Jamaica a cikin 2021, yana aiki a cikin mukamin har zuwa 2024. 

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haife ta ne a yankunan karkara na Jamaica a Trelawny, Cockpit Country, Olive Senior ita ce ta bakwai cikin yara 10.  Ita 'yar manoma ce, amma sau da yawa ana tura ta zama tare da kawunta masu arziki na dogon lokaci a Haddo, Westmoreland. Bambance-bambance tsakanin waɗannan gidaje biyu sun yi tasiri sosai ga salon rubuce-rubucen Senior da jigogi. Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Montego Bay don 'yan mata. A lokacin da take da shekaru 19, ta shiga ma'aikatan *Jamaica Gleaner* a Kingston kuma daga baya ta yi aiki tare da Hukumar Bayanai ta Jamaica .  Senior daga baya ya sami tallafin karatu don nazarin aikin jarida a Gidauniyar Thomson a Cardiff, Wales, kuma a matsayin masanin Commonwealth ya halarci Makarantar Jarida ta Jami'ar Carleton a Ottawa, Ontario, Kanada. Ya kasance a Carleton inda ta dauki darasi a rubuce-rubuce masu kirkiro, kuma ta fara daukar aikin da muhimmanci a matsayin aiki. Yayinda take karatu a Carleton daga 1964-1967, ta fara rubuta ayyukanta Talking of Trees (1985), da Summer Lightning (1986), wanda ya ci gaba da lashe kyautar marubucin Commonwealth.

Yayinda take jami'a, ta fara rubuta fiction da waka. A lokacin da ta dawo Jamaica, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai zaman kanta a cikin hulɗar jama'a, bugawa, da rubuce-rubucen jawabi, kafin ta shiga Cibiyar Nazarin Jama'a da Tattalin Arziki a Jami'ar West Indies, inda ta shirya mujallar Social and Economic Studies (1972-77). A shekara ta 1982, ta shiga Cibiyar Jamaica a matsayin edita na *Jaridar Jamaica* . 

A shekara ta 1987, Senior ta lashe kyautar marubuta ta Commonwealth don tarin labaran ta na farko, Summer Lightning .  Bayan Guguwar Gilbert ta buge Jamaica a shekarar 1988, Senior ta koma Turai, inda ta zauna a Portugal, Netherlands, da United Kingdom, kafin ta zauna a Toronto, Ontario, Kanada, a farkon shekarun 1990. A lokacin tafiye-tafiye, ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai zaman kanta; rubuce-rubuce, bugawa, da aiki a hulɗar jama'a. Ayyukanta sun sami kyaututtuka da yawa, kamar Washington Manley's Foundation Award for Excellence, da Musgrave Gold Medal daga Cibiyar Jamaica saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga wallafe-wallafen a shekara ta 2005.

A cikin 2013, Senior ya gabatar da jawabin jawabi a taron marubutan duniya na Edinburgh: Trinidad, wanda Bocas Lit Fest ya gabatar tare da haɗin gwiwar bikin littafin duniya na Edinburgh da Majalisar Burtaniya. 

A cikin 2019, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Matt Cohen ta Writers' Trust of Canada don girmama aikinta a matsayin marubuciya. 

A wani bikin naɗa shi a ranar Laraba, 17 ga Maris 2021, an nada Babban a matsayin Mawallafin Jamaica na 2021-2024 . 

A shekara ta 2024, an girmama ta a matsayin Royal Society of Literature International Writer, lambar yabo ta rayuwa da ke nuna godiya ga gudummawar marubuta a duk faɗin duniya.

Senior taco ci gaba da gudanar da bita na rubuce-rubuce, laccoci, da karatu a cibiyoyi da yawa a duniya, gami da Jami'ar Toronto, Jami'ar St. Lawrence, Jami'an Miami, Kwalejin Barnard, da Jami'an New York. Senior ya ci gaba da gudanar da bita na rubuce-rubuce, laccoci, da karatu a cibiyoyi da yawa a duniya, gami da Jami'ar Toronto, Jami'ar St. Lawrence, Jami'an Miami, Kwalejin Barnard, Jami'a ta New York, da Jami'an West Indies. Ta kasance memba mai aiki a makarantar Humber School for Writers a Kwalejin Humber a Toronto, Kanada . Senior kuma yana aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga rubuce-rubuce ga Dialogues, ƙungiyar zane-zane ta Kanada da ke da hedikwata a Toronto.

## Ayyukan wallafe-wallafen
Senior ya wallafa tarin waƙoƙi guda biyar: Talking of Trees (1985), Gardening in the Tropics (1994), Over the Roofs of the World (2005), *Shell* (2007), kuma a cikin 2022 Hurricane Watch: Sabon da Littattafan . Kate Kellaway da ke rubutawa a cikin The Observer ta lura a cikin bita na 2022: "Olive Senior - sunan da kansa yana motsawa zuwa zama waka - yana da halin hada kai game da aikinta kuma ba ya raina abubuwa masu tawali'u. Za ta ba da cikakken, daidaito da ƙauna ga itatuwan mango, magpies har ma da pudding na Kirsimeti (wani waka mai kyau, wanda aka tsoma a cikin rum) da kuma rashin adalci na duniya da na muhalli.

Babban tarin gajerun labarun Summer Lightning (1986) ya lashe kyautar marubuta ta Commonwealth;  ya biyo bayan *Zuwan Macijin* (kuma ya haɗa da "Kakar Biyu", wanda shine ɗayan mafi kyawun gajerun labaranta) (1989, 2009) da Discerner of Hearts (1995). Tarin labaran da ta yi kwanan nan, The Pain Tree (2015), ita ce ta lashe kyautar OCM Bocas ta 2016 don wallafe-wallafen Caribbean, bayan ta lashe rukunin fiction.

Littafinta na farko, Dancing Lessons (Cormorant Books, 2011), an sanya shi cikin jerin sunayen don Kyautar Littafin Commonwealth ta 2012 a yankin Kanada.

Ayyukanta marasa fiction sun haɗa da The Message Is Change (1972), game da nasarar zaben farko na Michael Manley; A-Z of Jamaican Heritage (1984; fadada kuma sake bugawa a matsayin Encyclopedia of Jamaican Legacy a 2004); da kuma Ayyukan Mu'ujizai: Rayuwar Mata a cikin Caribbean mai Magana Turanci (1991). 

Littafin Senior na baya-bayan nan, Dying To Better Themselves: West Indians and the Building of the Panama Canal, an buga shi a watan Satumbar 2014 - shekaru 100 bayan bude Panama Canal, 15 ga watan Agusta 1914. A ranar 1 ga Afrilu 2015 an sanya littafin a cikin jerin sunayen don kyautar OCM Bocas ta 2015 don wallafe-wallafen Caribbean, inda ya lashe rukunin da ba na almara ba.

Za'a iya samun cikakken kimantawa game da aikin Senior a cikin Olive Senior ta Denise deCaires Narain (2011), wanda Northcote House Publishers (UK) ta buga tare da hadin gwiwar Majalisar Burtaniya a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin Writers and Their Work.

Ayyukan Senior sau da yawa suna magance tambayoyin asalin Caribbean dangane da jinsi da kabilanci. Ayyukanta an san su da amfani da yaren Creole, da nufin ƙirƙirar cikakkiyar bayani, mai wadata, da kuma cikakken kwatanci game da rayuwar Caribbean da al'ummomi  Ta ce: "Dole ne in magance launin fata saboda wanene ni da kuma yadda nake kallo. A cikin wannan tsari, dole ne in ƙayyade wanene ni. Ba na tsammanin za ku iya zama duk abubuwa ga mutane. A matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan tsari, na yanke shawarar cewa ni ɗan Jamaica ne. Na wakilci da yawa kuma ban ƙi ni ba don faranta rai da kowa rai ba.

Kwarewar Senior na girma tsakanin yankunan karkara da birane na Jamaica, da kuma nutsewa cikin al'adun baki na gida da wallafe-wallafen gargajiya na Burtaniya a lokaci guda, sun yi tasiri sosai ga jigogi na labarun ta. Ta yi amfani da matsayinta a matsayin al'adu "a tsakanin" da kuma tafiye-tafiye masu yawa don ƙirƙirar aikin da ke kunshe da abubuwan da suka faru na ɗan adam. A wata hira da Dr Hyacinth M. Simpson na Jami'ar Toronto Metropolitan, ta ce "... labarun na suna nuna al'ummar da suke ciki. Al'umma ce mai yawa kuma ina ƙoƙarin wakiltar wannan pluralism a cikin aikina. Labaran suna nuna bambancin launin fata, aji, al'adu, harshe da jinsi da shekaru". 

An daidaita aikinta a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo kuma BBC da CBC sun watsa shi, kuma ta kuma rubuta wasan rediyo Window don CBC.[1] Rubutun ta yana cikin litattafai masu yawa ciki har da Sunan Gaskiya na Gaskiya (ya wallafa Elizabeth Wilson da Pamela Mordekai, 1989), Daughters of Africa (ya wallafa Margaret Busby, 1992), The Heinemann Book of Caribbean Poetry (ya wallafa Ian McDonald da Stewart Brown, 1992), Concert of Voices: Anthology of World Writing in English (ya wallafa Victor J. Ramraj, 1994), The Year's Best Fantasy and Horror Tenthry Annual Collection (ya), Little Little Little Little, Judith Cheds to Terri Windling, 1997), The Wadsworth Poetry, Best Poetry (200), The World Poetry) da sauransu, Best Poets (ya, World Poetly Poetry).

Ana koyar da aikin Senior a makarantu da jami'o'i a duniya, tare da Summer Lightning da Gardening a cikin Tropics musamman ana amfani da su azaman litattafan ilimi.[1][2] Kwanan nan, littafin waka mai suna Gardening in the Tropics ya zama littafi a kan tsarin CAPE a makarantun Caribbean, kuma ya kasance a kan tsarin Baccalaureate na Duniya. Ayyukan Senior sun kuma zama batun da ake yawan yin rubutu mai mahimmanci, tare da fassara su cikin harsuna da yawa kamar Larabci, Mutanen Espanya, Koriya, da harsunan Afirka ta Kudu guda uku.[3]

## Manazarta