Yarjejeniyar London kan Rigakafin Ruwa ta Ruwa ta hanyar Ruwa da Sauran Abubuwa

Yarjejeniyar kan Rigakafin Ruwan Ruwa ta hanyar Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter 1972, wanda ake kira "London Convention" ko "LC '72" kuma an taƙaita shi da Marine Dumping, yarjejeniya ce don sarrafa gurɓataccen teku ta hanyar zubar da kuma ƙarfafa yarjejeniyar yanki da ta kara da yarjejeniyar. Yana rufe zubar da sharar gida ko wasu abubuwa daga jiragen ruwa, jirgin sama, da dandamali. Ba ya rufe fitarwa daga tushen ƙasa kamar bututu da fitowa, sharar da aka samar ta hanyar aiki na yau da kullun na jiragen ruwa, ko sanya kayan don dalilai ban da zubar da shi kawai, samar da irin wannan zubar ba ya saba wa manufofin yarjejeniyar. Ya fara aiki a shekara ta 1975. Ya zuwa watan Satumbar 2016, akwai jam'iyyun 89 a taron.

## Tarihi
Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Muhalli na Dan Adam (Yuni 1972, Stockholm) ne ya kira taron, an tsara yarjejeniyar ne a Taron Gwamnati kan Yarjejeniyar kan Dumping of Wastes at Sea (13 Nuwamba 1972, London) kuma an buɗe shi don sa hannu a ranar 29 ga Disamba 1972. Ya fara aiki a ranar 30 ga watan Agusta 1975 lokacin da kasashe 15 suka tabbatar. Ya zuwa 1 ga Oktoba 2001, akwai bangarorin kwangila 78 a taron. Gudanar da Yarjejeniyar ta Duniya tana aiki ta hanyar Taron Tattaunawa da aka gudanar a hedkwatar Kungiyar Ruwa ta Duniya (IMO) a London.

Yarjejeniyar London ta kunshi Matakai 22 da Ƙaddamarwa uku. Yana bin hanyar "black list / grey list" don daidaita zubar da teku; Abubuwan da aka haɗa I (black list) gabaɗaya bazai zubar da su a teku ba (ko da yake ga wasu kayan da aka haɗa na iya zama abin halatta idan sun kasance kawai a matsayin "mai gurɓataccen hanya" ko "da sauri ba tare da lahani ba" da kayan da kayan Annex II (grey list) suna buƙatar " kulawa ta musamman". Ƙaddamarwa ta III ta tsara abubuwan fasaha na gaba ɗaya da za a yi la'akari da su wajen kafa ka'idoji don bayar da izinin zubar da teku.

Babban manufar Yarjejeniyar London ita ce hana zubar da shara a teku wanda zai iya haifar da haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam; cutar da albarkatun rayuwa da rayuwar ruwa; lalacewar abubuwan more rayuwa; ko tsoma baki da sauran amfani da teku. Yarjejeniyar 1972 ta fadada ikonta a kan "duk ruwan teku ban da ruwan ciki" na Jihohin kuma ta haramta zubar da wasu kayan haɗari. Har ila yau, yana buƙatar izini na musamman na baya don zubar da wasu kayan da aka gano da kuma izini na gaba ɗaya don wasu sharar gida ko kwayoyin halitta.

## Aiwatarwa
Tun lokacin da ya fara aiki a 1975, yarjejeniyar ta samar da tsari don kula da kasa da kasa da rigakafin gurɓataccen ruwa wanda bangarorin kwangila suka ci gaba da ci gaba wajen kiyaye teku mai tsabta. Daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru sune haramtacciyar haramtacciya ta 1993 kan zubar da sharar gida mai laushi da kuma ƙudurin kawo karshen zubar da kuma ƙone sharar masana'antu. Kokarin jam'iyyun yana samun goyon baya daga sakatariyar dindindin da kungiyar International Maritime Organization (IMO) ta shirya. Taron shawarwari na jam'iyyun kwangila zuwa taron London shine hukumar gudanarwa da yanke shawara ta siyasa na taron. Yana karɓar shawara kan batutuwan da ke buƙatar ƙwarewa da yawa daga Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun kan Al'amuran Kimiyya na Kare Muhalli na Marine (GESAMP) wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwararrun ƙwararrun waɗanda IMO, FAO, UNESCO, IOC, WMO, WHO, IAEA, UN, da UNEP suka zaba. Kungiyar kimiyya kan zubar da kaya, wanda ya kunshi masana gwamnati daga bangarorin da ke cikin yarjejeniyar da ke da alhakin magance duk wani buƙatun kimiyya daga taron shawarwari, gami da shirya jerin abubuwan da ke da haɗari, haɓaka layin jagora kan aiwatar da yarjejeniyar, da kuma kula da tasirin tasirin ruwa na shigarwa daga duk tushen sharar gida.

An aiwatar da taron a Amurka ta hanyar Title I na Dokar Kare, Bincike, da Wuri Mai Tsarki (MPRSA) wanda ke ba da umarnin cewa aiwatar da ka'idoji shine don amfani da buƙatun LC har zuwa inda wannan ba zai sauƙaƙa MPRSA ba..

## Manazarta