Harshen Venda

**Venḓa** or **Tshivenḓa** is a Bantu language and an official language of South Africa and Zimbabwe. It is mutanen Venda ko Vhavenḓa da ke arewacin lardin Limpopo na Afirka ta Kudu, da kuma wasu mutanen Lemba a Afirka ta Kudu ke magana.  Yaren Tshivenda yana da alaƙa da yaren Kalanga wanda ake magana a Kudancin Afirka.  A lokacin mulkin wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu, an kafa Bantustan na Venda don rufe masu magana da Venda na Afirka ta Kudu..

Bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a na 2011, masu magana da Venda sun mayar da hankali a cikin yankuna masu zuwa: Makhado Local Municipality, tare da mutane 350,000; Karamar Hukumar Thulamela, tare da mutane 370,000; Karamar hukumar Musina, mai mutane 35,000; da Mutale Local Municipality, mai mutane 89,000. Adadin masu magana a gundumar Vhembe a halin yanzu ya kai 844,000. A lardin Gauteng, akwai masu magana da Venda 275,000. Kasa da 10,000 sun bazu a cikin sauran ƙasar - don jimlar yawan masu magana da Venda a Afirka ta Kudu a mutane miliyan 1.2 ko kuma kawai 2.2% na yawan jama'ar Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ya sa Venda ya zama yare mafi ƙanƙanta na biyu a Afirka ta Kudu, bayan Ndebele. harshe, wanda adadin masu magana da miliyan 1.1. Ba a fayyace kididdigar yawan al'ummar Venda a Zimbabwe ba amma a halin yanzu tana iya kaiwa kasa da rabin miliyan. Mutanen sun taru ne a Kudancin kasar amma kuma sun bazu zuwa wasu garuruwa da garuruwa. Haka kuma akwai adadi mai yawa daga cikinsu a makwabciyar kasar Afirka ta Kudu inda suke ma'aikatan bakin haure.

## Tsarin rubutu
Harshen Venda yana amfani da haruffan Latin tare da ƙarin karin haruffa biyar. Akwai baƙaƙen hakori guda huɗu tare da lafazin da'ira a ƙasan harafin ( *ḓ, ḽ, ṋ, ṱ* ) da kuma wuce gona da iri na velar *ṅ* . Ana amfani da haruffa biyar don rubuta wasula bakwai. Haruffa C, J da Q ana amfani da su ne kawai don kalmomi da sunaye na waje.

### Unicode
Karin haruffa suna da sunayen Unicode masu zuwa:

* Ḓ U+1E12 LATIN BABBAN WASIQA D TARE DA CIRCUMFLEX A KASA.
* ḓ U+1E13 LATIN KARAMAR WASIKAR D T TARE DA CIRCUMFLEX A KASA.
* Ḽ U+1E3C LATIN BABBAN WASIKAR L TARE DA CIRCUMFLEX A KASA.
* ḽ U+1E3D LATIN KARAMAR WASIKAR L TARE DA CIRCUMFLEX A KASA.
* U+1E44 LATIN BABBAN WASIQA N MAI DOT A SAMA.
* U+1E45 KARAMAR WASIKAR LATIN N MAI DOT A SAMA
* Ṋ U+1E4A LATIN BABBAN WASIQA N TARE DA CIRCUMFLEX A KASA.
* U+1E4B LATIN KARAMAR WASIKAR N TARE DA CIRCUMFLEX A KASA.
* Ṱ U+1E70 LATIN BABBAN WASIQA T T DA CIRCUMFLEX A KASA.
* U+1E71 LATIN KARAMAR WASIQA T DA CIRCUMFLEX A KASA.

### Luṱhofunḓeraru lwa Mibvumo
Tsarin rubutun *sintu* *Isibheqe Sohlamvu/ Ditema tsa Dinoko*, wanda aka sani da fasaha a Venda kamar yadda *Luṱhofunḓeraru lwa Mibvumo*, kuma ana amfani da shi don harshen Venda.&#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Fassarar sauti
Venda ya bambanta hakori *ṱ, ṱh, ḓ, ṋ, ḽ* daga alveolar *t, th, d, n, l* da (kamar a Ewe ) labiodental *f, v* daga bilabial *fh, vh* (biyu na ƙarshe sun ɗan zagaye ). Babu dannawa. Kamar yadda a cikin wasu harsunan Afirka ta Kudu kamar Zulu, *ph, ṱh, th, kh* suna da sha'awar kuma "launi" yana tsayawa *p, ṱ, t,* da *k* ba su da ƙarfi .

### Wasula
Akwai sautunan wasali guda biyar:

### Consonants

Labiodental hanci  sauti yana bayyana a cikin sautin baƙar fata da aka riga aka shigar. Sautunan labiovelar suna faruwa azaman madadin sautunan labiopalatal kuma ana iya kiran su  . [4] Ƙarfafa na  yana faruwa bayan prefixes na hanci, mai yuwuwa  . 

### Sautuna
Venda yana da ƙayyadadden sautin, HIGH, tare da kalmomin da ba su da alama suna da ƙaramin sautin. Sautin faɗuwar sauti yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin jeri na fiye da wasali ɗaya ko akan maɗaukakin sauti idan wasalin ya yi tsayi. Samfuran sautin sauti suna wanzuwa daban-daban daga baƙaƙe da wasulan kalma don haka sautunan kalmomi ne. Sautin Venda kuma yana bin ka'idar Meeussen : lokacin da kalmar da ta fara da babban sautin ta gabace ta da wannan babban sautin, sautin na farko ya ɓace. (Wato, ba za a iya samun manyan sautuna masu maɗaukaki biyu masu maƙwabtaka a cikin kalma ba, amma babban sautin yana yaɗuwa gabaɗaya zuwa maɗaukakin maɗaukakin maɗaukaki ("ƙananan" -tone). ) Akwai ƴan sifofi kaɗan kawai a cikin kalmomin Venda (babu sautin, sautin babban sautin guda ɗaya akan wasu harafi, manyan sautuna biyu waɗanda ba kusa da su ba), waɗanda ke aiki kamar haka:

## Manazarta


## Sources

*  

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
 

* Jagoran nahawu na Tshivenḓa na Zach Gershkoff, US Peace Corps (2012).
* PanAfrican L10n shafi akan Venda
* Kamus na matasa kasahorow in Venda 

### Software

* Archived Translate.org.za    Aikin fassara Kyauta da Buɗe Software zuwa duk yarukan hukuma na Afirka ta Kudu, gami da Venda