Yankin sararin samaniya na taurari

**Yankin sararin samaniya a kan taurari masu banƙyama** yana nufin babban motsi na iska a kan taurarin da ke kewaye da taurari ban da Sun (duniya masu banƙasa). Wannan wani sabon yanki ne na binciken saboda kalubalen da ake fuskanta a lura da Yanayi su kai tsaye. 

Duk da yake bayanai har yanzu suna iyakance, masana kimiyya suna amfani da ka'idojin asali na ƙarfin ruwa don tsarawa da fahimtar yiwuwar motsi na yanayi a kan waɗannan duniyoyi masu nisa. Tsarin ka'idoji na farko ya yi la'akari da daidaitattun Navier-Stokes, daidaitattun daidaitattun motsi na ruwa, sannan ya yi amfani da sauƙaƙe zato don ƙirƙirar samfuran takamaiman ga Yanayin yanayi mai girma. Ana amfani da waɗannan samfuran don bincika yadda halaye daban-daban na duniya, kamar juyawa (fast vs. slow) da kuma yanayin yanayi (stable vs. unstable), tasiri ga tsarin yaduwa. Misali, yawan juyawa na duniya na iya ƙayyade ko yanayin yana aiki a ƙarƙashin ma'auni na geostrophic ko ma'aunin cyclostrophic. Wannan tsarin ka'idoji, sau da yawa ana tabbatar da shi game da lura da taurari a cikin Tsarin hasken rana, yana ba da haske game da yanayi daban-daban waɗanda zasu iya kasancewa bayan Tsarin Hasken Rana.

## Motsi na sararin samaniya

### Ƙarfin Coriolis

Lokacin da muke la'akari da yaduwar yanayi muna yawan ɗaukar jikin duniya a matsayin tsarin tunani. A zahiri, wannan tsari ne wanda ba na inertial ba wanda ke da hanzari saboda juyawa na duniya game da axis. Ƙarfin Coriolis shine ƙarfin da ke aiki a kan abubuwa da ke motsawa a cikin tsarin duniya, sakamakon juyawa na duniya. Ta hanyar lissafi, ana iya rubuta hanzarin saboda ƙarfin Coriolis kamar haka: 

\boldsymbol{a} = 2\boldsymbol{\Omega}\times \boldsymbol{u}

* u  shine saurin kwararasaurin gudu
* Ω  Omega  shine saurin duniya

Wannan karfi yana aiki ne a tsaye zuwa kwarara da saurin da kuma saurin kusurwa na duniya, kuma yana shiga cikin wasa yayin la'akari da motsi na yanayi na duniyar da ke juyawa.

### Misalai na lissafi

#### Daidaitawar motsi na Navier-Stokes
Ana ba da adana ƙarfin don gudana ta hanyar lissafi mai zuwa: 

\frac{d \boldsymbol{u}}{d t} = -\frac{1}{\rho}\nabla p - (2\boldsymbol{\Omega}\times \boldsymbol{u}) - [\boldsymbol{\Omega}\times(\boldsymbol{\Omega}\times\boldsymbol{r})]-g\boldsymbol{k}+\boldsymbol{F}_{visc} 

inda

*

## Manyan direbobi na zagayawa

### Thermodynamics
Yanayin zafin jiki yana daya daga cikin direbobi na zagayawa, kamar yadda daya daga cikin tasirin kwararar yanayi shine jigilar zafi daga wurare masu zafi zuwa wadanda ke da ƙananan zafin jiki a kokarin isa ga daidaitattun zafi. Gabaɗaya, taurari suna da yanayi mai ɗorewa. Wannan yana nufin cewa motsi saboda yanayin zafin jiki a cikin madaidaiciya yana adawa da matsin lamba a cikin madaidaicin. A wannan yanayin, shi ne gradients na zafin jiki a kwance (a kan matsin lamba na yau da kullun) wanda ke fitar da zagayawa. Irin wannan yanayin zafin jiki yawanci ana kiyaye shi ta hanyar dumama / sanyaya a duk yanayin duniya. A Duniya, alal misali, a ma'auni, yanayi yana shan karin makamashi daga Rana wanda yake yi a kan sanduna.

### Juyawa na duniya
Kamar yadda aka lura a baya, juyawa na duniya yana da mahimmanci idan ya zo ga yaduwar yanayi kamar yadda Coriolis da ƙarfin centripetal suka taso a matsayin sakamakon juyawa na duniyar. Lokacin la'akari da daidaitaccen nau'in daidaitattun daidaitattun don babban motsi da aka gabatar a sama, duka Coriolis da dakarun centripetal suna aiki don daidaita yanayin matsin lamba. Dangane da yawan juyawa na duniyar, daya daga cikin wadannan dakarun zai mamaye kuma ya shafi yaduwar yanayi daidai da haka.

#### Ma'auni na cyclostrophic
Ga duniyar da ke da ƙarancin juyawa da ƙarfin Coriolis mara mahimmanci, za'a iya daidaita gradient na matsin lamba ta hanyar hanzarin centripetal. A wannan yanayin daidaitattun don motsi mai girma sun kara sauƙaƙe zuwa:  

\frac{u^2\tan\phi}{a} = -\frac{1}{\rho}\frac{\partial p}{\partial y}

don iska mai karfi a gabas zuwa yamma.

## Dubi kuma

* Exometeorology
* Yanayi na waje

## Manazarta