Arthur Kopit

**Arthur Lee Kopit** ( né Koeni ; Mayu 10, 1937 - Afrilu 2, 2021) marubucin wasan kwaikwayo Ba'amurke ne. Ya kasance dan wasan karshe na Pulitzer Prize na *Indiyawa* da *Wings* . An kuma ba shi lambar yabo ta Tony uku: Mafi kyawun Wasa ga *Indiyawa* (1970) da *Wings* (1979), da kuma Mafi kyawun Littafin Kiɗa na *Nine* (1982). Ya lashe lambar yabo ta Vernon Rice Award (yanzu ana kiranta da lambar yabo ta Drama) a cikin 1962 don *Oh Dad, Poor Dad, Mamma's Hung You in the Closet kuma Ina Jin Bakin Ciki* kuma an zaɓe shi don wani lambar yabo ta Drama Desk a 1979 don *Wings* .

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Kopit Arthur Lee Koenig a Manhattan a ranar 10 ga Mayu, 1937.  Iyalinsa zuriyar Yahudawa ne.  Mahaifinsa, Henry, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai sayar da tallace-tallace; Mahaifiyarsa, Maxine (Dubin), wani samfurin millinery ne. Sun rabu yana dan shekara biyu. Sakamakon haka ya karɓi sunan ubansa, George Kopit, bayan mahaifiyarsa ta sake yin aure.  Kopit ya girma a Lawrence, Nassau County, kuma ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Lawrence .   Ya karanta aikin injiniya a Jami'ar Harvard, inda ya kammala a 1959.  Duk da cewa ya yi niyyar shiga kimiyya ko kasuwanci, sha da dogon iska, waɗanda aka shirya su tun yana digiri na farko.   Ya yi karatu tare da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Robert Chapman, wanda shine darektan Cibiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Loeb ta Harvard. 

## Sana'a

### Ayyukan farko
Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Harvard, Kopit ya ɗauki nauyin karatun digiri a Turai. A wannan lokacin ne ya samu labarin wata gasar wasan kwaikwayo da jami’ar ta shirya, wanda hakan ya sa ya sanya hannu a kai.  Ya rubuta wasan kwaikwayo&nbsp;- mai suna *Oh Baba, Baba talaka, Mama ta rataye ka a cikin kati kuma ina jin bakin ciki*&nbsp;- a Turai kuma ya kammala shi a cikin kwanaki biyar.  A karshe ya lashe gasar da kyautar $250, duk da cewa ya yi watsi da karfin kasuwancin wasan.  *Oh Dad* ya ci gaba da gudu daga-Broadway ta Jerome Robbins sama da shekara guda, yana yawon shakatawa na makonni 11, kuma ya ƙare a cikin mako shida na gudu a Broadway a 1963.   Har ila yau, ya fara haɗin gwiwa na dogon lokaci tare da Roger L. Stevens, wanda ya shiga cikin samar da duk ayyukan Kopit har zuwa 1984, tare da kawai na *tara* . An bai wa Kopit lambar yabo ta Vernon Rice da lambar yabo ta Outer Critics Circle Award don Mafi kyawun Sabon Wasa a cikin 1962. 

Kopit ya ci gaba da nasararsa tare da jerin wasan kwaikwayo guda ɗaya kamar *ranar da karuwai suka fito don yin wasan tennis*, da kuma aikin uku *akan Runway na Rayuwa, Ba ku taɓa sanin abin da ke zuwa gaba ba* .   An yi masa wahayi don rubuta *Indiyawa* (1969) bayan ya karanta labarin jarida na wani harbi da ya faru a Saigon .  Wasan ya fara buɗewa a Landan don yin bita mai gauraya, kafin ya ƙaura zuwa Broadway. Yayin da Clive Barnes ya bayyana fitowar ta ƙarshe a cikin *[[New York Times|The New York Times]]* a matsayin "nasara mai laushi" kuma ya yaba wa Kopit saboda ƙoƙarin "almara mai yawa", abokin aikinsa Walter Kerr ya kwatanta shi da "mummunan ɓarna".  John Lahr ya ɗauki *Indiyawa* a matsayin "mafi yawan bincike kuma mafi girman wasan kwaikwayo na Broadway na wannan shekaru goma".  An zabi wasan don lambar yabo ta Tony uku (ciki har da mafi kyawun wasa),  ban da lambar yabo ta Pulitzer don nadin wasan kwaikwayo,  amma ya gudana don wasanni 96 kawai. Kopit ya karɓi $250,000 don haƙƙin fim . 

### ''Wings'' da ''Tara''
Kopit ya koma Vermont a farkon 1970s. Ya himmatu wajen haɗa abubuwan wasan kwaikwayo na avant-garde a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata cikin wasan kwaikwayo. Ya ci gaba da koyarwa a Jami'ar Wesleyan a kusa da 1975. A can, ya rubuta wani shafi na ingantawa wanda zai kasance tsawon yini guda don Amurka Bicentennial mai suna *Lewis da Clark: Lost and Found* .  Sai dai kuma abin ya ci tura bayan da furodusa ya kasa tara kudaden da ake bukata.  A wannan lokacin, Kopit kuma ya ƙirƙiri wasan zagayowar farawa da "Ganowar Amurka". Abokansa sun dauki wannan a matsayin "aikinsa mafi hazaka". 

Bayan dakatarwar shekaru tara daga rubuce-rubucen wasan kwaikwayo, Kopit ya samar da *Wings* (1978). Ya samu kwarin gwuiwa daga yanayin murmurewa na ubansa, wanda ya yi fama da bugun jini a 1976 wanda ya sa ya kasa magana.   An fara wasan kwaikwayo a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Jama'a, kafin ya koma Broadway a shekara mai zuwa,  inda ya gudana tsawon watanni uku.  Ya sami nadin Tony guda uku, tare da Constance Cummings (wanda ya taka rawar gani) ya lashe mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo . Ta kuma ci lambar yabo ta Desk Award ga Fitacciyar Jaruma a Wasa da Kyautar Obie saboda rawar da ta taka.  Wasan ya kasance dan wasan karshe na Pulitzer Prize, wanda ke nuna a karo na biyu da aka zabi aikin Kopit don kyautar. 

## Manazarta