Ruwan mai na Norilsk

Zubewar man dizal na Norilsk wani bala'i ne na masana'antu kusa da Norilsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Rasha. Ya fara ne a ranar 29 ga Mayu 2020 lokacin da tankin ajiyar mai a Norilsk-Taimyr Energy's Thermal Power Plant No. 3 (mallakar Nornickel) ya gaza, ya mamaye kogunan cikin gida tare da ton 17,500 na man dizal. Shugaba Vladimir Putin ya ayyana dokar ta baci a farkon watan Yuni. An bayyana lamarin a matsayin malalar mai na biyu mafi girma a tarihin Rasha na zamani, bayan malalar bututun Komi na 1994, inda aka saki tan 400,000 na danyen mai zuwa muhalli tsakanin Agusta 1994 da Janairu 1995.

## Dalilin da ya sa

Ana amfani da man diesel a matsayin man fetur na ajiya don Norilsk-Taimyr Energy coal-fired hadin zafi da wutar lantarki. Tankar ajiyar man fetur Tank 5 ta gaza saboda ramuka a kasan tanki, wanda ya haifar da lalacewar ulcerative. A cikin 2014, kamfanin da aka ba da umarnin da Rasha regulatory hukumar na albarkatun kasa Rostekhnadzor zuwa, ta 2015, tsaftace m surface na ganuwar da rufin tankuna daga tsatsa da kuma mayar da anticorrosion shafi, da kuma Oktoba 2016, don gudanar da maras lalacewa dubawa na tanki kasa. Duk da waɗannan buƙatun daga Gwamnatin Rasha, Norilsk-Taimyr Energy bai ɗauki matakan da ake buƙata don gujewa gazawar Tank 5 ba.

## Yaduwa da tsaftacewa
Har zuwa 21,000 cubic mita (17,500 ton) na man diesel ya zubo a ƙasa da koguna na gida,  wanda ya shafi wani yanki mai fadin hekta 18 (kadada 44), kogin Daldykan na kusa, wani rafi na kogin Ambarnaya, da gurɓata yanki mai girman murabba'in kilomita 350 (mil murabba'in 140). An yi hasashen cewa aikin tsaftace muhalli zai yi wahala domin babu hanyoyi kuma kogunan suna da karancin ruwa da jiragen ruwa. An kiyasta farashin ayyukan agajin gaggawa na gaggawa zai kai biliyan 10 (dalar Amurka miliyan 146), tare da jimillar kuɗin tsaftacewa na 100  biliyan rubles (US $1.5 biliyan), wanda zai ɗauki shekaru biyar zuwa goma; Norilsk Nickel shine ya biya farashin.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

A ranar 4 ga watan Yunin 2020 gidan talabijin na kasar Rasha ya ba da rahoton cewa an zubar da ruwan ta hanyar amfani da jerin gine-gine na musamman a kogin Ambarnaya. Koyaya, kankara mai laushi ya karya haɓakawa  kuma zubarwar ta kai Tafkin Pyasino, yana barazanar Kogin Pyasina,  wanda ke gudana cikin Tekun Arctic.

## Sakamakon haka

Kwamitin Bincike na Rasha ya kaddamar da bincike na aikata laifuka game da zubarwar.

An sanya shugaban bitar turbine na tashar wutar lantarki a cikin tsare-tsare kafin a yi masa shari'a, an tuhume shi da keta ka'idojin muhalli da sakaci. Yevgeny Zinichev, shugaban Ma'aikatar Yanayi ta Gaggawa ta Rasha, ya bayyana cewa tashar wutar lantarki ba ta bayar da rahoton lamarin ba har kwana biyu, yayin da suke ƙoƙarin hana halin da ake ciki da kansu. Shugaba Vladimir Putin ya ayyana dokar ta baci ta yanki bayan zubar da ruwa, kuma ya soki hukumomin yankin saboda jinkirin amsawa. Ya kuma soki Vladimir Potanin, shugaban kuma babban mai hannun jari na Norilsk Nickel, saboda rashin kiyaye lafiyar tankunan mai a tashar yadda ya kamata. Putin ya umarci jami'ai da su gyara dokar Rasha don hana irin wannan hatsari a nan gaba. A cikin wani taron talabijin na 3 Yuni 2020 wanda aka sadaukar da shi ga kula da bala'i, Putin ya tambayi Sergei Lipin, shugaban NTEK: "Me ya sa hukumomin gwamnati suka gano game da wannan kwanaki biyu bayan gaskiyar? Za mu koyi game da Yanayin gaggawa daga kafofin sada zumunta?"  

Bayan da hukumar kula da muhalli ta jihar Rosprirodnadzor ta gaya wa ma’aikacinta Vasily Ryabinin ya daina gudanar da bincike kan bala’in, ya bar aikinsa a ranar 7 ga watan Yuni kuma ya shiga bainar jama’a a matsayin mai fallasa.

Bayan malalar ruwan Norilsk, ofishin mai gabatar da kara na Rasha ya ba da umarnin a duba lafiyarsa a duk wani cibiyoyi masu hadari da aka gina a kan tudun ruwa a yankin Arctic na Rasha. Greenpeace Rasha ta kwatanta yiwuwar tasirin muhalli na zubar da Norilsk da na zubar mai na Exxon Valdez na 1989.

Sakamakon wannan lamarin, Oleg Deripaska, wanda ya kafa Rusal, wanda a cikin 2019 ya mallaki 28% na Nornickel, ya bukaci canje-canjen gudanarwa a Nornickel, wanda kashi 35% mallakar Potanin's Olderfrey Holdings Ltd. 

A watan Yunin 2020, Rosprirodnadzor ya nemi Norilsk ta biya rubles biliyan 148 don rufe lalacewar da babbar zubar ta haifar, amma Norilsk bai yarda da darajar ba. A watan Fabrairun 2021, wata kotun ta umarci Norilsk da ta biya dala biliyan 2 (rubles biliyan 146) don zubar da ruwa.

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin man fetur da aka zubar

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje

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