Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam da Jama'a ta Afirka

**Hukumar kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam da jama'a ta Afirka** ( **ACHPR** ) ƙungiya ce ta shari'a da aka ɗorawa alhakin ingantawa da kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da na gamayya (mutane) a duk faɗin nahiyar Afirka tare da fassara Yarjejeniya ta Afirka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a. la'akari da korafe-korafen ɗaiɗaikun mutane na keta dokokin Yarjejeniya. Wannan ya haɗa da binciken take haƙƙin ɗan adam, ƙirƙira da amincewa da shirye-shiryen aiki don ƙarfafa haƙƙin ɗan adam, da kafa hanyar sadarwa mai tasiri a tsakanin su da jihohi don samun bayanan farko kan take haƙƙin ɗan adam.  Ko da yake hukumar ACHPR tana ƙarƙashin cibiyar gwamnatin yanki.

Hukumar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da al'ummar Afirka (ACHPR) ta dogara ne kan Yarjejeniya ta Banjul wadda ita ce yankin kare haƙƙin bil'adama na Afirka. Yarjejeniya ta ƙunshi labarai ashirin da tara waɗanda ke yin cikakken bayani kan haƙƙoƙi da ƴancin da ke bin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idar rashin nuna bambanci.  Taimako da jin daɗin tsarin haƙƙin Turawa na yanzu, juyin halitta na ba wa kowa hakkin ɗan adam, shine ya taimaka wajen daidaita tsarin samar da wannan hukumar da sauran kotuna a Afirka. Hukumar ta fara aiki ne a ranar 21 ga Oktoban shekara ta, 1986, na Yarjejeniya Ta Afirka (OAU ta karbe ranar 27 ga Yuni na shekara ta 1981). Ko da yake kuma ikonta ya dogara ne akan yarjejeniyar ta ta, Yarjejeniya ta Afirka, Hukumar ta ba da rahoto ga Majalisar shugabannin ƙasashe da gwamnatocin Tarayyar Afirka (tsohuwar Kungiyar Hadin Kan Afirka). Majalisar shugabannin OAU ta 23 ta zabi mambobinta na farko a watan Yunin shekara ta 1987 kuma an kafa hukumar a karon farko a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba na wannan shekarar. A cikin shekaru biyu na farko da aka kafa hukumar ta kasance a sakatariyar OAU da ke birnin Addis Ababa na kasar Habasha, amma a watan Nuwambar shekara ta 1989 ta koma Banjul na kasar Gambia . (ACHPR ba ita ce Hukumar Tarayyar Afirka ba, wacce a da ake kiranta da Sakatariyar OAU).

Hukumar na haɗuwa sau biyu a shekara, yawanci a watan Maris ko Afrilu da Oktoba ko Nuwamba. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan tarurrukan na faruwa ne a Banjul, inda sakatariyar Hukumar take; ɗayan yana iya kasancewa a kowace ƙasa ta Afirka.

## Abun ciki
Hukumar ta buɗe kofofinta a shekara ta 1987 tare da alkawuran kariya da juyin halitta na ƴancin ɗan Adam na Afirka. Majalisar shugabannin ƙasashe da gwamnatoci, sun yanke shawararsu ne da kuri’ar kashi biyu bisa uku na mafi rinjayen wakilan kowace ƙasa.  ACHPR ta kuma ƙunshi mambobi goma sha ɗaya, waɗanda aka zaɓa ta hanyar jefa ƙuri'a a asirce a Majalisar Shugabannin Jihohi da gwamnatocin OAU (daga baya, Majalisar AU). Waɗannan membobin, waɗanda ke hidimar wa'adin shekaru shida da za a sabunta su, an zaɓe su ne daga cikin ƴan Afirka masu daraja mafi girma, waɗanda aka san su da ɗabi'a, mutunci, rashin son kai da cancantar al'amuran ƴancin ɗan adam da na jama'a" (Charter, Mataki na 31) da, wajen zaɓar waɗannan mutane, ana ba da la'akari musamman "ga mutanen da ke da ƙwarewar shari'a".

Membobin za su more cikakken ƴancin kai wajen gudanar da ayyukansu kuma su yi hidima bisa ga kashin kai (watau, ba wakiltar jihohinsu ba); duk da haka, babu wata ƙasa memba da za ta iya samun fiye da ɗaya daga cikin ƴan ƙasa a cikin Hukumar a kowane lokaci. Membobin za su zaɓa, daga cikin lambar su, shugaba da mataimakin shugaba, waɗanda kowannensu zai cika wa'adin shekaru biyu.

## Umarni
Hukumar tana da faffaɗan alhaki guda uku su ne kamar haka:

* Haɓaka haƙƙin ɗan adam da al'umma
* Kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam da na al'umma
* Fassarar Yarjejeniya Ta Afirka Kan Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam da Jama'a 

Maƙasudin da ke sama wataƙila an dakatar da su yayin da aka sanya Hukumar cikin nauyi , musamman batutuwan kuɗi a ƙarshen 80s, yayin da suke ƙoƙarin kammala ayyukan ƙasashen.  Ƙasashen Afirka, ban da Habasha da Laberiya, suna da tasiri sosai daga mulkin mallaka, gaba daya suna da raunin gwamnati, da raguwar tattalin arziki. Don cimma wannan buri, an wajabtawa Hukumar ta “tattara takardun, gudanar da nazari da bincike kan matsalolin Afirka a fagen ‘yan Adam da jama’a, da haƙƙi, da shirya tarurrukan karawa juna sani, taron karawa juna sani da tarurruka, yada bayanai, karfafa cibiyoyi na ƙasa da na gida da suka shafi dan Adam. da haƙƙin mutane kuma, idan lamarin ya taso, ya ba da ra'ayoyinsa ko ba da shawarwari ga gwamnatoci" (Charter, Art. 45).

Tare da kafa kotunan Afirka kan yancin ɗan adam da jama'a (a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idar Yarjejeniya ta shekara ta 1998 kuma ta fara aiki a cikin Janairun shekara ta 2004), Hukumar za ta sami ƙarin aikin shirya ƙararraki don gabatar da hurumin Kotun.  A wata shawara da ta yanke a watan Yulin shekara ta 2004, Majalisar AU ta yanke shawarar cewa za a haɗa Kotunan ƴancin Bil Adama da Jama'a a nan gaba tare da Kotun Shari'a ta Afirka.

## Ayyuka
A shekara ta 2011, hukumar ta gabatar da ƙara a gaban kotun kare haƙƙin bil adama da al'umma ta Afirka a kan ƙasar Libya.

A cikin shekara ta 2021, hukumar ta kafa *kwamitin bincike kan halin da ake ciki a yankin Tigray* don gudanar da bincike kan take hakkin dan Adam a yakin Tigray a karkashin kudurin ACHPR 482 a ranar 12 ga watan Mayun shekara ta 2021. 

## Hanyoyi na musamman
Hukumar tana da wasu tsare-tsare na musamman na wakilai na musamman, kungiyoyin aiki da kwamitoci masu bincike da bayar da rahoto kan wasu batutuwan da suka shafi haƙƙin ɗan adam, kamar ƴancin faɗin albarkacin baki, ƴancin mata, ƴan asalin ƙasar da azabtarwa. Kowace hanya tana shirya da gabatar da rahoton ayyukanta ga Hukumar a kowane zama na yau da kullun.

## Cibiyar sadarwa
Ƙungiyar ta ACHPR ta dogara ne da wata hanyar sadarwa ta ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (NGOs) waɗanda ake buƙata su mika rahoton ga hukumar duk bayan shekara biyu. Hukumar ta baiwa ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu guda 514 matsayin masu sa ido. 

## Littafi Mai Tsarki

* Ankumah, Evelyn A., Hukumar Haƙƙin Bil Adama da Jama'ar Afirka, Kluwer, 1996
* Bösl, A & Diescho, J., Human Rights in Africa. Ra'ayoyin shari'a kan kariyar su da haɓakawa, tare da kalmar gaba ta Desmond Tutu, Macmillan 2009.
* Murray, RH. Hakkokin Dan Adam a Afirka: Daga OAU zuwa Tarayyar Afirka, Jami'ar Cambridge Press, 2004.
* Evans, MD & Murray, RH (Eds. ), Yarjejeniya Ta Afirka kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam da Jama'a: Tsarin Aiki, Jami'ar Cambridge, 2002.
* Evans, MD & Murray, RH (Eds. ), Yarjejeniya Ta Afirka Kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam da Jama'a (Bugu na Biyu): Tsarin Aiki 1986–2006, Jami'ar Cambridge, 2008.
* Murray, RH & Evans, MD (Eds. ), Takardun Hukumar Haƙƙin Bil Adama da Jama'ar Afirka, Hart Publishing, 2001.
* Kasidu da dama na ilimi kan hukunce-hukuncen hukumar Afirka da aka buga a cikin mujallar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Afirka
* Rahotanni da bayanai game da ACHPR daga Sabis na Ƙasashen Duniya don Haƙƙin Dan Adam 
* Rahoton shari'ar ACHPR da aka buga a cikin Rahoton Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na Afirka
* Sabunta labarai akai-akai akan ACHPR da Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights ta buga

## Duba kuma

* Yarjejeniya Ta Afirka Kan Hakkokin Dan Adam da Jama'a
* Kotun Afirka akan Hakkokin Dan Adam da Jama'a
* Kotun Afrika
* Rahoton Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na Afirka
* Wakili na musamman kan ‘yancin mata a Afirka
* Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Inter-Amurka
* Jerin Haƙƙin Harshe a Tsarin Mulki (Afrika)
* Hakkokin harshe

## Manazarta
 

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Hukumar Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Afirka
* Rubutun Yarjejeniya Ta Afirka Kan Hakkokin Dan Adam da Jama'a 
* Hukunce-hukuncen hukumar kare hakkin dan adam da al'ummar Afirka
* Tarayyar Afirka
* Cibiyar kare hakkin dan Adam da ci gaban Afirka