open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Yakov M. Rabkin

**Yakov M. Rabkin** (an haife shi a ranar 29 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1945) farfesa ne na tarihi a Jami'ar Montreal, marubuci kuma masanin jama'a. Ayyukan da ya wallafa sun haɗa da nazarin alaƙar da ke tsakanin kimiyya da fasaha,    gami da nazarin Yahudawa a cikin sana'ar kimiyya,  Kimiyya Tsakanin Superpowers (Priority Press), nazarin shirye-shirye don musayar masana kimiyya na Amurka da Tarayyar Soviet,  da kuma aiki a kan makomar kimiyya ta Soviet  da masana kimiyya  bayan rushewar USSR da, gabaɗaya, kan kimiyya da 'yancin siyasa. [5] A sakamakon taron karatun digiri na biyu game da demodernization da kuma taron kasa da kasa da ya shirya a Nice a cikin 2016, ya hada da Demodernization: A Future in the Past,  wani nau'i mai yawa game da juyawa na zamani a matsayin abin da ya faru a duniya a farkon karni na 21.

Farfesa Rabkin ya kuma ba da gudummawa ga fannonin nazarin Yahudawa da Isra'ila. Littafinsa A Threat from Within: A Century of Jewish Opposition to Zionism  an zabi shi don mafi kyawun fassarar Faransanci zuwa Turanci don "wani muhimmin aiki da ya dace" a 2006 Governor General's Awards. Har ila yau, an jera shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin littattafai uku mafi kyau na shekara ta *Asahi Shimbun* na yau da kullun na Japan a cikin 2010.  Wannan littafin a halin yanzu yana samuwa a cikin harsuna goma sha huɗu. Daga baya ya wallafa What Is Modern Israel? wanda kuma ya bayyana a Faransanci, Jafananci da Rasha. Yana nazarin abin da ya kira "asalin Furotesta" na aikin Zionist; karɓar wannan aikin a ƙarshen karni na 19 ta Yahudawa masu zaman kansu daga Tsakiyar Turai da Gabashin Turai, waɗanda ke cike da kishin ƙasa na lokacin; tsananin juriya na Zionism da ke fuskantar daga Yahudawa a duniya, ba aƙalla a cikin Land Mai Tsarki ba; da kuma ci gaba da adawa da Yahudawa ga Zionism daga ra'ayoyi daban-daban, na addini da na duniya. [Ba a buƙatar tushe na farko] &#x5B;**&#x5D;

Rabkin is a frequent contributor to printed and electronic media on international relations, Russia and the former USSR as well as contemporary Israel. He has argued for freedom of discussion, against political uses of history and shown skepticism with respect to a two-state solution for the Israel/Palestine conflict. He has expressed support for a bi-national state. He has done consulting work on science and higher education for national and international organizations, including UNESCO, NATO, OECD and the World Bank. [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed]

## Manazarta
Salim Al-Hassani

**Salim Al-Hassani**

Farfesa Emeritus ne na Injiniyan Injiniya kuma a halin yanzu ƙwararren Farfesa ne a Faculty of Humanities a Jami'ar Manchester. Shi ne Shugaban Gidauniyar Kimiyya, Fasaha da Wayewa (FSTC), wanda ya kafa tashar yanar gizo ta ilimi www.MuslimHeritage.com da Babban Editan 1001 Inventions yawon shakatawa nunin, gina a matsayin duniya ilimi yunƙurin wanda ya hada da littafi, lambar yabo lashe fim da fakitin malami.

## Biography
Salim Al-Hassani ya taso ne a Bagadaza, amma ya rayu, yayi karatu kuma yayi aiki a Burtaniya tun farkon shekarun 1960. Ya zama Farfesa a Injiniyan Injiniyan Injiniya a Cibiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jami'ar Manchester (UMIST) a cikin 1991 kuma ya kasance ƙwararren masani a duniya wajen warware abubuwan da aka gina a cikin teku da kuma manyan binciken haɗarin da suka shafi shuka. Ya kuma yi bincike a cikin, kuma ana buga shi sosai akan, ƙirar ƙididdiga ta hanyoyin nazarin halittu.[ Tun daga 1968, Farfesa Al-Hassani, ya buga takardu sama da 200 a cikin mujallu da littattafai na duniya. Ya kula da daliban digiri na 40, daliban MSc 50 da kuma abokan karatun digiri da yawa daga sassan duniya kuma yana da haƙƙin mallaka akan injiniyanci.

## Aiki a kan al'adun Musulmi
Al-Hassani ya kafa, kuma shi ne Shugaban Mai Girma, Gidauniyar Fasahar Kimiyya da Wayewa, UK (FSTC Ltd). Ta hanyar FSTC aikinsa na inganta tushen al'adun kimiyya, musamman na al'ummar musulmi, ya bazu a fadin duniya tare da ayyuka irin su www.muslimheritage.com da 1001 Inventions global education initiative da kuma kwanan nan "1001 Cures" akan aikin likita da kiwon lafiya daga musulmi wayewa, wanda ya fito da babban aiki, wanda Farfesa, Peter Por ya shirya a Maris. 2018. Ya sanya alamarsa ta hanyar amfani da nazarin injiniya na zamani don sake ƙirƙira, a cikin sararin 3D, tsoffin injuna, musamman waɗanda aka ƙirƙira a zamanin Golden Age kamar injinan Al-Jazari da Taqi al-Din.

## manazarta

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMIST
Charles-Louis Loys na Cheseaux

_Abrégé_chronologique_pour_servir_a_l'histoire_de_la_physique_jusqu'a_nos_jours,_1786_-_1419280.jpg|thumb|Shafi na farko na taƙaitaccen lokaci don yin amfani da tarihin kimiyyar lissafi har zuwa yau, 1786]]
Charles-Louis Loys de Cheseaux (1730 - 1789) masanin tarihi Switzerland ne.

## Rayuwa
An haife shi a Lausanne, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar tattalin arziki ta Bern. 

Daga cikin ayyukansa akwai tarihin kimiyyar lissafi a cikin kundi biyu. An fassara wasu ayyukansa cikin harsuna daban-daban a Turai.

## Manazarta
Sofya Yanovskaya

**Sofya Aleksandrovna Yanovskaya** (shima Janovskaja; Rashanci: Софи́я Алекса́ндровна Яно́вская; 31 Janairu 1896 - 24 Oktoba 1966) masanin lissafin Soviet ne, masanin falsafa da tarihi, ƙwararrun ilmin lissafi kuma ƙwararren ilmin lissafi. falsafar lissafi. An fi saninta da ƙoƙarinta na maido da binciken ilimin lissafi a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da buga da kuma gyara ayyukan lissafin Karl Marx.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Yanovskaya a Pruzhany, wani gari kusa da Brest, ga dangin Yahudawa na akawu Alexander Neimark. Daga 1915 zuwa 1918, ta yi karatu a kwalejin mata an Odessa, lokacin da ta zama 'yar gurguzu. Ta yi aiki a matsayin jami'in jam'iyya har zuwa 1924, lokacin da ta fara koyarwa a Cibiyar Red Professors. Ban da shekarun yaki (1941-1945), ta yi aiki a Jami'ar Jihar Moscow har zuwa ritaya. Engels ya lura a cikin rubuce-rubucensa cewa Karl Marx ya rubuta wasu ilimin lissafi. Yanonskaya ya sami * Mathematical Manuscripts * na Marx kuma ta shirya buga su na farko a cikin 1933 cikin Rashanci.Ta sami digiri na uku a shekara ta 1935. Aikinta kan rubuce-rubucen lissafi na Karl Marx ya fara ne a cikin 1930s kuma mai yiwuwa ya ɗan yi tasiri a kan nazarin binciken da ba daidai ba a kasar Sin.A cikin makarantar an fi tunawa da ita a yanzu saboda aikin da ta yi a kan tarihi da falsafar lissafi, da kuma tasirinta ga matasa masu bincike. Ta rinjayi Ludwig Wittgenstein lokacin da ya ziyarci Tarayyar Soviet a 1935 ya bar ra'ayinsa na ƙaura zuwa Tarayyar Soviet.A cikin 1968 Yanovskaya ya shirya mafi kyawun buga aikin Marx. Ta mutu daga ciwon sukari a Moscow.

## Manazarta
Helen Verran

**Helen Verran** masanin ilmin tarihi ne na tarihi ne da kuma ikon yin aiki da ilimin al'umma, da farko a Jami'ar Charles ta Jami'ar Charles. 

Verran daga New South Wales, Australia da ake samu a matsayin masanin kimiyya da malami a cikin shekarun 1960 (UNSC, 1972). Sai ta kashe shekaru takwas a ilimin kimiyya a Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo a cikin IFẹ, kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. A cikin 1980s ta zama malami kuma daga baya aboki farfesa a Jami'ar Melbourne, aiki a cikin rukunin sadaukarwa ga nazarin tarihi da falsafar kimiyya. Ta yi ritaya a shekara ta 2012.  Bayan ritaya ta zama Farfesa Farfesa a cikin Cibiyar Arewa, Jami'ar Darwin ta Darwin, inda ta kara koyarwa.   

## Manazarta
Sadiah Qureshi

**Sadiah Qureshi**, FRHistS, FRAI, FLS, Farfesa ne, yana riƙe da kujera a Tarihin Burtaniya na zamani a Jami'ar Manchester . Ita gwani ce kan tseren, kimiyya da daular a duniyar zamani.

## Ilimi
An ba Qureshi dukkan digiri daga Jami'ar Cambridge. Rubutun ta na DPhil (2005) mai taken Living Curiosities: Human Ethnological Exhibitions in London, 1800-1855.  Ta sami MPhil a shekara ta 2001, kuma ta fara aikinta na ilimi tare da digiri na farko a fannin Kimiyya ta Halitta.

## Ayyuka
Bayan ta DPhil, Qureshi ta gudanar da wata kungiya ta bincike ta postdoctoral tare da Cambridge Victorian Studies Group a kan wani aikin shekaru biyar na Leverhulme mai suna 'Fata da Yanzu: Barin da suka gabata a cikin Zamanin Ci gaba', wanda ya binciki ra'ayoyin Victorian na baya. 

A cikin 2013, littafinta, Peoples on Parade: Exhibitions, Empire and Anthropology in Nineteenth-Century Britain (2011) ya lashe lambar yabo ta Sonya Rudikoff don mafi kyawun littafi na farko da aka buga a cikin Victorian Studies . A shekara ta 2012, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Philip Leverhulme don Tarihin Tsakiya, Tarihin zamani na Farko da na zamani daga Leverhulma Trust don nuna godiya ga bincikenta na musamman.[1] Littafin Qureshi na biyu, Vanished: An Unnatural History of Extinction an buga shi ne ta hanyar Allen Lane / Penguin Books, a cikin bazara na 2025 kuma Financial Times ta zaba shi a matsayin littafi don karantawa a 2025. Ta sami tallafin aiki na tsakiya daga Kwalejin Burtaniya don wannan aikin.

Qureshi memba ne na Royal Historical Society . Ta ba da gudummawa ga RHS's Race, Ethnicity & Equality Working Group don bincika ƙalubalen da ke fuskantar masana tarihi na kabilanci da 'yan tsiraru a makarantar sakandare ta Burtaniya.[1] Qureshi ya ba da gudummawa ga kafofin watsa labarai kamar New Statesman da London Review of Books, kuma edita ne na Tarihin Tarihi . [2]

## Bayanan littattafai

* Mutanen da ke kan Parade: Nuni, Daular, da Anthropology a cikin karni na sha tara na Burtaniya. 2011, Jami'ar Chicago Press.
* "Star-Spangled Racism" New Statesman, 2017, shafi na 44-45.&nbsp;
*  London Review of Books, 2017, shafuffuka na 39-40.&nbsp;
* 'Jami'ar wuri mai faɗi: Masu nunawa, sun nuna mutane da zane-zane na tafiya a cikin karni na sha tara na Burtaniya', Early Popular Visual Culture, 2012, vol. 10, No. 1, shafuffuka na 23-36.&nbsp;
* 'Robert Gordon Latham, Mutanen da aka nuna da Tarihin Halitta na Race, 1854-1866', The Historical Journal, vol. 54, No. 1, shafuffuka 143-166.&nbsp;
* 'Nuna Sara Baartman, 'Hottentot Venus", *Tarihin Kimiyya*, vol. 42, No. 2, shafi na 233-257&nbsp;

## Dubi kuma

* Zoo na ɗan adam, ɗaya daga cikin wuraren karatunta
* Zamanin Victorian
* Rashin Kashewa

## Manazarta
Giuliano Pancaldi

Giuliano Pancaldi (an haife shi a shekara ta 1946) ɗan ƙasar Italiya ne mai tarihin kimiyya. Pancaldi Farfesa ne na Tarihin Kimiyya, mai ritaya, a Jami'ar Bologna. Littattafansa sun hada da: Darwin a Italiya: Kimiyya a kan iyakokin al'adu.[1] Volta: Kimiyya da Al'adu a Zamanin Haskakawa.[2][3]

## References
Lavio C.Stecchini

## '''Lavio Stecchini'''
Daga Wikipedia, encyclopedia na kyauta Livio Catullo Stecchini (6 ga watan oktoba alif  1913 - Satumba shekarar alif 1979) farfesa ne ɗan ƙasar Italiya na tsohuwar tarihi a Kwalejin Malamai ta Jihar Paterson (yanzu Jami'ar William Paterson) a New Jersey. Ya rubuta akan tarihin kimiyya, tsohuwar ma'auni da ma'auni (metrology), da tarihin zane-zane a zamanin da. An fi saninsa a matsayin mai kare ra'ayoyin Immanuel Velikovsky da kuma ra'ayoyinsa na numerological game da girma na Babban Dala.
## '''Sana'a'''
Asalin ɗan tarihi ne, ya zama ɗalibin Angelo Segrè a Jami'ar Catania, sannan ya halarci Jami'ar Freiburg, [yaushe?] inda ya karanta falsafar Husserl kuma ya halarci laccocin Heidegger da Oskar Becker. Daga ƙarshe ya mai da hankali kan aikin Fritz Prinsheim wanda ya mayar da hankali kan kwangilar siyarwa a zamanin da. Da ya san cewa a hannun Kenneth Kitchen jerin albarka da la'ana a cikin kwangilolin da suka kasance daga ƙarshe ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mahimman kayan aikin soyayya na ilimin kimiya na zamani, Stecchini mai yiwuwa bai mai da hankali kan ƙa'idodin da suka shafi matakan ba. Kamar yadda ya faru, wannan mayar da hankali ne ya sa Otto Lenel ya ba shi damar karanta takarda kan tsawon mil a cikin Littafin Dokokin Syro-Roman.

Bayan da Hitler ya wargaza ƙungiyar Freiburg[yaushe?] ya koma Italiya inda ya sami digiri na uku a fannin Dokokin Romawa. Ya zama mataimaki ga shugaban tarihin Roman Law a Jami'ar Rome kuma memba na Cibiyar Roman da Oriental Law na wannan jami'ar inda Edoardo Volterra mai rike da kujerar dokar Oriental Law ya rinjaye shi. Ya gudu daga gwamnatocin Fascist na Turai zuwa Amurka [yaushe?] kuma ya yi aiki don digiri na uku a Tarihin Ancient a Harvard karkashin Werner Jaeger. Jaeger ya ba da shawarar cewa ya rubuta rubutunsa akan manufar akribea ko daidaito a tunanin Girkanci. Ph.D. takardar shaidar daga 1946 tana da taken "A kan Asalin Kuɗi a Girka". Daga can, ya tafi nazarin ma'aunin kuɗin kuɗi na Girka, aikin mint na Girka da kuma girman haikalin Girka. Daga nan ya juya zuwa nazarin tsohuwar labarin kasa da yanayin kasa. Iliminsa ya ƙware kan matakan noma a cikin allunan cuneiform, farashin musayar kuɗi a cikin allunan Girka, da kuma yawan kwalba a cikin papyri na Masar, waɗanda aka ambata a cikin manyan littattafai na lokaci-lokaci kamar Classical Philology. Ya kuma rubuta ƙarin ayyuka na gama-gari, wasu daga baya aka sake buga su, kamar nazarinsa na Herodotus a cikin “Yaƙin Farisa”.

## '''Littafi Mai Tsarki'''

Alfred de Grazia, Ralph E. Juergens, Stecchini L.C. (Ed.) (1978). Al'amarin Velikovsky - Kimiyya da Kimiyya. 2ed., Metron Publications, Princeton, New Jersey. ISBN 0-349-10747-5 Michael D. Gordin, The Pseudoscience Wars. Immanuel Velikovsky da Haihuwar Fringe na zamani, 2012

## Manazarra
Wang Ling

Wang Ling (Sauƙaƙe Sinanci: 王铃; na Sinawa An san shi don haɗin gwiwarsa tare da Joseph Bukilam a tarihin Kimiyya da Fasaha a China.

## Farkon rayuwa da Karatu

An haifi Wang Ling a Nantong, a China, ya yi karatun digiri daga Tarihi daga Jami'ar tsakiya (Nanjing), wanda ya koma daga Nanjing zuwa yakin Sino-Jafan. A shekara ta 1943, yayin da yake aiki a matsayin mai binciken ƙarami a cikin Cibiyar Sincin Sincin na Buroly wanda ya gabatar da shi ga jami'an Hadin gwiwar Sincish, wanda kungiyar ta zama ta taimaka wa jami'o'in Sin da Sinoch-Bury, wanda kungiyar za ta tura jami'an kungiyar Sin da Sinoch.

Hidanham ya riga ya ɗauki wani shiri don wani littafi a tarihin nasarar kimiyyar kasar Sin da fasaha, kuma an karbe ta a wannan lokacin a matsayin mai binciken mai bincikensa da kuma mai kula da na farko a aikin. Kimiyya da wayewar kai a China daga baya sun girma ga ya kunshe da yawa kuma sun canza ilimi da shahararrun ra'ayoyin China a yamma; Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗayan binciken da aka riga aka yi bincike na duniya na wayewa.

## Manazarta
Mario Rosas

**Mario Alberto Rosas Montero** (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga Mayu 1980), wanda aka fi sani da **Mario Rosas**, shi ne kocin kwallon kafa na Spain, wanda kwanan nan ya kasance darektan fasaha na AC Bellinzona a cikin Swiss Challenge League .

Wani matashi wanda bai yi nasara ba a Barcelona, ya ci gaba da bayyana a wasanni 308 na Segunda División a cikin lokutan kwararru 12, a wakiltar kungiyoyi biyar, galibi Castellón. A lokacin da yake taka leda ya taka leda a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya.

An haifi Rosas a Málaga, Andalusia . Wani samfurin tsarin matasa na FC Barcelona, La *[[La Masia|Masia]]*, da sauri ya yi fice a wuraren ajiyarsu su, ya fara buga wasan farko a ranar 15 ga Mayu 1998 a cikin asarar gida 1-4 ga wadanda suka riga sun lashe gasar a kan UD Salamanca, a cikin abin da zai zama kawai bayyanarsa ta La Liga ga Catalans.

*Barça* ta sake shi a shekara ta 2000, Rosas ya sanya hannu tare da wata kungiya a saman jirgin, Deportivo Alavés, amma ya kasa bayyana a kai a kai, kuma an ba da rancensa ga Salamanca na rukuni na biyu a kakar wasa ta biyu. Ayyukansa za su kasance ba daidai ba ne a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, tare da fitowar kasa da wasanni biyar - CD Numancia, Cádiz CF, duka a matakin ɗaya - kuma suna wasa tare da Girona FC a kashi na uku, tare da sakewa.

Rosas daga nan ya shiga wani kulob a matakin na biyu, CD Castellón, na 2005-06. Bayan jinkirin shekisa ta farko ya zama mai farawa marar gwagwarmaya, ya kara da kwallaye 16 a cikin uku masu zuwa.[1] A ranar 7 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 2008, ya zira kwallaye sau biyu - daya daga wasan da ya yi, daya daga cikin kwarewarsa - a cikin nasarar 2-0 a gida a kan RC Celta na Vigo

A ranar 5 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2012, Hercules CF ta sayi Rosas da Pablo Redondo, wadanda suka kasance 'yan wasa kyauta.

## Ayyukan gudanarwa
Rosas ta jagoranci kungiyar Novelda CF ta Tercera División tsakanin 2018 da 2019. 

### Šibenik
A ranar 14 ga Yuni 2021, Rosas ya zama sabon manajan kungiyar Croatian Prva HNL HNK Šibenik .  Šibenik ya bude kakar wasan cikin gida ta 2021-22 tare da shan kashi 0-3 a Osijek a ranar 16 ga Yuli. A wasanni uku na gaba, Šibenik ya ci gaba da rasa Gorica (3-1)  da Hajduk Split (1-0),  kuma ya buga 1-1 tare da Slaven Belupo.

A ranar 15 ga watan Agusta, Šibenik ya zo ga nasararsa ta farko a gasar a wasan farko a gida a kakar wasan, inda ya doke Hrvatski Dragovoljac 6-2, tare da kwallaye biyu daga Stipe Bačelić-Grgić da Antonio Marin, da kuma kwallaye daya daga Ivan Delić da Marin Jakoliš .  Bayan haka, Šibenik ya kasa kayar da Rijeka (2-1),  kuma ya sami nasarar doke Istra 1961 a gida (3-1), tare da burin daga Delić a wasannin biyu, da burin biyu daga Marin Jakoliš a wasan na ƙarshe. 

A ranar 3 ga Oktoba 2023, an sanar da shi a matsayin sabon darektan fasaha na kungiyar AC Bellinzona ta Swiss Challenge League .  An cire shi daga mukaminsa a ranar 18 ga Maris 2025.

## Kididdigar gudanarwa

## Manazarta
Kiyoshi Yabuuchi

**Kiyoshi Yabuuchi** (Yabuuchi Kiyoshi 薮内 清; 12 Fabrairu 1906 (Meiji 39) - 2 Yuni 2000 (Heisei 12)), wanda aka saba rubutawa a cikin Romanization Kunrei-shiki a matsayin Kiyosi Yabuuti, masanin taurarin Japan ne kuma masanin tarihi na kimiyya. Ya samu suna a duniya a matsayinsa na majagaba a fannin ilmin lissafin kasar Sin kafin shekarar 1840 da ilmin taurarin kasar Sin.

°=Tarihin Rayuwa==
An haife shi a Kobe, Kiyoshi Yabuuchi ya karanci kimiyya a makarantar sakandare ta Koyo Gakuin da makarantar sakandare ta Osaka (yanzu bangaren Jami'ar Osaka). A Jami'ar Kyoto, ya karanci tarihin ilmin taurari na kasar Sin karkashin Shinzo Shinjo, ya kuma sauke karatu daga sashen nazarin ilmin taurari da na kwalejin kimiyya da fasaha a shekarar 1929. Yabuuchi a shekarar 1929 ya zama mataimaki a jami'ar Kyoto kuma a shekarar 1935 ya zama mai ba da shawara a Cibiyar Nazarin Al'adun Gabas ta Kyoto (yanzu wani bangare ne na Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kyoto). A cikin 1948 an nada shi mai bincike a Jami'ar Kyoto, kuma a cikin 1949 ya zama farfesa a Cibiyar Bincike kan Bil'adama a Jami'ar Kyoto (yanzu wani yanki ne na Cibiyar Bincike na Jami'ar Kyoto don Kimiyyar Al'adu). A nan ne ya bunkasa bincike kan tarihin kimiyya a kasar Sin har ya kai matakin duniya ta hanyar binciken hadin gwiwa. A 1967, ya zama darektan cibiyar

A lokacin, ya yi aiki, tun daga shekara ta 1955, a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kungiyar Astronomical Society of Japan. A 1959 ya kasance malami mai ziyara a Tehran. A 1969, ya yi ritaya daga Jami'ar Kyoto a matsayin farfesa Emeritus kuma ya zauna a Kyoto har ya mutu yana da shekaru 94. Daga 1969 zuwa 1979, Farfesa ne a Jami'ar Ryukoku. A lokacin da ya yi ritaya, Yabuuchi ya yi aiki tuƙuru don ya ba da labarin bincikensa ga masu karatu da masana Jafanawa ta hanyar laccoci na jama’a, bayyanuwa a shirye-shiryen talabijin na gida, da kuma labaran jaridu. Ya taƙaita dukkan laccocinsa na jama'a zuwa tarin littattafai da aka buga.

Yabuuchi sanannen aikin da ya yi kan tarihin lissafin Sinanci, 支那数学史 (Tarihin lissafin Sinanci, wanda aka buga a 1944), an fassara shi zuwa Faransanci mai taken Une histoire des mathématiques chinoises (2000, Editions Jami'in Belin) na Kaoru. Baba da Catherine  A cikin zurfafa bincike da ya yi kan tarihin ilmin falaki na kasar Sin, ya yi nazari sosai kan tasirin ilmin taurari na Musulunci da dangantakar dake tsakanin ilmin taurarin Indiya da na kasar Sin. Michio Yano, tsohon dalibin digirin digirgir na Yabuuchi, ya nanata kwakkwaran kamanceceniya tsakanin hanyoyin aiki na Yabuuchi da tsarin masanin lissafi da astronomer Otto Neugebauer: Ta fuskoki da yawa na sami kamance tsakanin Neugebauer da Yabuuti. Dukansu sun kware sosai a fannin lissafi kuma fahimtarsu ta ilimin lissafi ta kai su ga wasu muhimman bincike a cikin tarihin ainihin kimiyya tun kafin karanta rubutun asali. Duk da haka, duka biyun sun nemi haɗin gwiwa tare da waɗanda suka san harsunan da abin ya shafa don yin amfani da wannan tsattsauran hanya ga tarihi dangane da ainihin ilimin kimiyya.

## Manazarta
Chris Gainor

**Christopher** "**Chris**" **Gainor** masanin tarihin fasaha ne wanda ya kware a binciken sararin samaniya da jiragen sama. Ya rubuta littattafai shida kan Tarihin binciken sararin samaniya da kuma kan Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow, jirgin sama mai saurin tashi da gwamnatin Kanada ta soke a shekarar 1959.

Gainor kwanan nan ya kammala rubuta tarihin ayyukan Hubble Space Telescope don Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Amurka (NASA).

Gainor has been editor of ** Quarterly since 2016. He served as president of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada from 2018 to 2020, and he is a fellow of the British Interplanetary Society. Asteroid 20041 Gainor has been named for him. 

Gainor holds a Ph.D. in the history of technology from the University of Alberta, and has worked as a history instructor in the University of Victoria's history department and as an Assistant Professor for the Royal Military College of Canada.

A farkon aikinsa, Gainor ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida a *[[Vancouver Sun]]*, inda ya lashe Kyautar Jaridar Ƙasa  saboda wani jerin labarai kan mai fafutukar yaki da ciwon daji na Kanada Terry Fox. Haka kuma, ya yi aiki kuma ya rubuta wa wasu jaridu da mujallu da dama, tare da yin aiki a hukumomin gwamnati da na ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu.

Littafinsa na farko, *Arrows to the Moon,* yana bayar da labarin injiniyoyin jiragen sama 32 na Birtaniya da Kanada waɗanda suka tafi aiki a Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Amurka (NASA) a shekarar 1959 bayan sun rasa ayyukansu lokacin da gwamnatin Kanada ta soke Avro Arrow. Da yawa daga cikin waɗannan injiniyoyin sun ci gaba da rike manyan mukamai a NASA, ciki har da Jim Chamberlin, John Hodge, Owen Maynard, da Tecwyn Roberts.

Ya dawo kan tarihin Avro Arrow tare da littafinsa *Who Killed the Avro Arrow?*

## Walfe-Walfe
* *Arrows to the Moon: Avro's Engineers and the Space Race* (2001) Apogee Books
* *Canada in Space: The People & Stories Behind Canada's Role in the Exploration of Space* (2006) Folklore Publishing
* *Who killed the Avro Arrow?* (2007) Folklore Publishing
* *To a Distant Day: The Rocket Pioneers* (2008) University of Nebraska Press 
* *The Bomb and America's Missile Age* (2018) Johns Hopkins University Press 
* *Not Yet Imagined: A Study of Hubble Space Telescope Operations* (2020) NASA History Division 

## Manazarta
Yaren Tamal

Yaren Dravidian wanda mutanen Tamil na Kudancin Asiya ke magana da shi. Yana ɗaya daga cikin harsunan gargajiya mafi dadewa a duniya, an tabbatar tun c. 300 KZ.
Tamil ita ce harshen da ake amfani da shi ga 'yan kasuwa na teku na farko a Kudancin Indiya, tare da rubutun Tamil da aka samu a waje da yankin Indiya, kamar Indonesia, Thailand, da Masar. Harshen yana da tarihin rubuce-rubuce da kyau tare da ayyukan wallafe-wallafen kamar wallafe-walfen Sangam, wanda ya ƙunshi waƙoƙi sama da 2,000. Rubutun Tamil ya samo asali ne daga Tamil Brahmi, kuma daga baya, an yi amfani da rubutun vatteluttu har sai an daidaita rubutun yanzu. Harshen yana da tsari na musamman, tare da tsarin haɗuwa wanda ke ba da damar tsarin kalmomi masu rikitarwa.

Tamil shine harshen hukuma na jihar Tamil Nadu da yankin Puducherry a Indiya. Har ila yau, yana ɗaya daga cikin harsunan hukuma na Sri Lanka da Singapore. Al'ummomin da ke magana da harshen Tamil sun kasance a kasashe da yawa a duk faɗin duniya. Tamil ita ce ta farko da Gwamnatin Tsakiya ta gane a matsayin harshen gargajiya na Indiya a shekara ta 2004.
## Manazarta
Valentin Onoprienko

Valentin Ivanovich Onoprienko (an haife shi 2 ga Afrilu, 1939, Aldan, Yakutia, USSR) ɗan Soviet ne kuma ɗan Yukren masanin ilimin ƙasa, masanin tarihin kimiyya, kuma masanin falsafa. Yana da Doctor of Philosophical Sciences (1982) kuma Farfesa ne (1992).[1] Ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Sashen Hanyar da Ilimin zamantakewa na Kimiyya (1992-2015) kuma ya kasance Jagoran Bincike (tun 2015) a H.M. Dobrov Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya da Fasaha mai yuwuwar Kimiyya da Nazarin Tarihi na Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Kasa ta Ukraine. Shi ne memba na Scientific Council of State Fund for Fundamental Research na Ukraine, da Editorial hukumar na kasa da kasa mujallar Science and Science Studies, Academy of Sciences na Higher School of Ukraine, da Academy of Construction na Ukraine. Shi ne marubucin fiye da 470 ayyukan kimiyya, ciki har da littattafai 52: monographs, litattafan karatu, da kuma sanannun wallafe-wallafen kimiyya.[2]

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife shi a Afrilu 2, 1939, a Aldan, a cikin dangin Ivan Grigoryevich Onoprienko (1915-2001).[3]

## Manazarta
Ferhat Ozcep

Ferhat Ozcep (23 Janairu 1968 - 9 Fabrairu 2023) masanin ilimin lissafi ne kuma masanin tarihin kimiyya a Turkiyya. An haife shi a Zonguldak (a yammacin tekun Black Sea na Turkiyya) a ranar 23 ga Janairu 1968. Shi malami ne mai ziyara a Sashen Kimiyya a Jami'ar Harvard.[2] Ya kasance farfesa a fannin ilimin lissafi a Jami'ar Istanbul.[3] Ya samu B.Sc. digiri a fannin injiniyan geophysical daga Jami'ar Istanbul a 1991 da digiri na farko (Associate) a fannin Injiniyan Injiniyan Lantarki daga Jami'ar Hacettepe a 1992. Ya sami M.Sc. digiri a fannin injiniyan geophysical daga Jami'ar Istanbul a 1994. Ya sami digiri na uku na Ph.D. digiri a geophysics daga Jami'ar Istanbul a 1999. Tsakanin 1992 da 2004 shekaru, ya kasance mataimaki na bincike a Sashen Geophysical Engineering, a Jami'ar Istanbul. A cikin 1994 da 1996, an zabe shi mamba (a matsayin babban sakatare) na kwamitin gudanarwa na reshen Istanbul na "Chamber of Geophysical Engineers" wanda ita ce kawai al'umma ta geophysical a Turkiyya. Tsakanin 2006 zuwa 2008, ya kasance memba na kwamitin zartarwa na "Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Injiniyoyi da Masu Gine-ginen Turkiyya". An zabe shi a matsayin memba na Tarihin Geophysics Committee, American Geophysical Union na lokaci 1 Yuli 2002 zuwa 30 Yuni 2004. Ya kuma kasance memba na Geophysical Engineering Committee of ASCE[4] Ya kasance memba na American Geophysical Union, European Geosciences Union, Deutsche Geophysikalische Geselschaft (German Geophysical Society), American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Chamber of Geophysical Engineers of Turkey, Girgizar Injiniya na Turkiyya, da Turkawa Society for History of Science.[5] Sha'awar bincikensa a cikin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi ya mayar da hankali kan batutuwa da yawa: "Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering", "Soil Dynamics", "Seismic Microzonation", "Paleomagnetism-Geomagnetism", "Tectonophysics (Geodynamics)", "Electromagnetic Techniques", "Archeogepronture thechniques", "Archeogepronture" Geophysics)", da kuma "Tarihi da Falsafa na Kimiyya". Ya kasance malami mai ziyara a Sashen Tarihi da Falsafa na Kimiyya a Jami’ar Cambridge don Lent term 2015, inda ya halarci tarukan karawa juna sani da laccoci da sashen ke gudanarwa, ya kuma yi amfani da sashe da kayan aikin jami’a. Yayin da yake cikin sashen, wanda ya tallafa masa shi ne Farfesa Jim Secord.[6] Yayin da yake Harvard, Farfesa Ozcep zai gudanar da bincike a kan "Bincike kan Ra'ayoyin Geophysical da Ma'auni a cikin Geography na Ottoman a Canjawa daga Pre-Modern (Musulunci) zuwa Zamanin Yamma (Yamma)."[7]. An nada shi mataimakin shugaban Sashen Injiniyan Geophysical a Jami'ar Istanbul-Cerrahpaşa a watan Yuli 2018.[8]

## Reference
Nicolaas Adrianus Rupke

**Nicolaas Adrianus Rupke** (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1944 a Rotterdam) masanin tarihin kimiyya ne kuma mai ba da labari, wanda ya fara aikinsa na ilimi a matsayin masanin ilimin ruwa.

Ya yi karatun ilmin halitta da ilimin ƙasa a jami'ar Groningen da ilimin ƙasa da Tarihin kimiyya a Princeton da Oxford. Da farko a cikin karatunsa, Rupke Kirista ne kuma mai goyon bayan ilimin ƙasa na Ambaliyar,  amma daga baya ya ƙi wannan matsayi. Lokacin da aka zabe shi a Kwalejin Wolfson, matsayin bincike na Oxford a tarihin kimiyya, Rupke ya sanya wannan batun aikinsa na cikakken lokaci. Jerin irin wannan matsayi na bincike na kasa da kasa ya biyo baya, har sai a 1993 ya ɗauki farfesa a Jami'ar Göttingen don koyar da tarihin kimiyya da magani. A shekara ta 2009, an ba Rupke kyautar kujerar bincike ta Lower Saxony .  A shekara ta 2012, ya ɗauki farfesa a Jami'ar Washington da Lee da ke Lexington, Virginia, Amurka

Rupke an san shi da karatunsa na ilmin halitta na zamani, ilimin ƙasa da kimiyya da addini. Tare da sha'awar tsarin tarihin rayuwa, ya mayar da mashahurin su na zamani da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyya na ƙarni na sha tara, mafi mahimmanci daga cikinsu Richard Owen wanda tun kafin bayyanar The Origin of Species ya haɓaka ka'idar halitta ta juyin halitta, duk da cewa ba ta Darwin ba.

Nazarin Alexander von Humboldt ya zo na gaba,  inda Rupke ya haɓaka abin da ya kira tsarin tarihin rayuwa ta hanyar bincika yadda za a iya maimaita rayuwar sanannen - a wannan yanayin Humboldt - kuma a sake gina ta a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin imani daban-daban da al'adun ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. 

Rupke ɗan'uwan Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Leopoldina ta Jamus ne  da kuma Kwalejin Fasaha ta Göttingen . 

## Littattafan da aka zaɓa

* *Abubuwan da suka bambanta da Turbiditic da Hemipelagic Mud Layers* (tare da Daniel J. Stanley). Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1974.
* *Babban Tarihin Tarihi: William Buckland da Makarantar Ilimin Ilimin Ingilishi (1814-1849) *. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983 .   
* Vivisection in Historical Perspective (ed.). [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga yaren Girka. ISBN &nbsp;
* *Kimiyya, Siyasa da Amfanin Jama'a* (ed.). [Hasiya]
* *Yanayin Kiwon Lafiya a Tarihin Tarihi* (ed.). London: Cibiyar Amincewa ta Wellcome don Tarihin Magunguna, 2000. ISBN &nbsp;
* *Richard Owen: Biology ba tare da Darwin ba* (revised ed. na Richard Owen: Victorian Naturalist, New Haven da London: Yale, 1994,  ) Chicago da London: Jami'ar Chicago Press, 2009.
* Alexander von Humboldt: A Metabiography (gyara edition). Chicago da London: Jami'ar Chicago Press, 2008. [Hotuna a shafi na 9] *Buga na farko*. Peter Lang ISBN .&nbsp; 
* Eminent Lives in Twentieth-Century Science and Religion (ed.) (revised and sosai fadada edition). [Hasiya] [Hotuna a shafi na 9] *Buga na 2007*. Peter Lang ISBN .&nbsp; 
* *[[:de:Norbert Elsner|daga]]&#x5D;-linkid="164" href="./Albrecht_von_Haller" id="mwaw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Albrecht von Haller">Albrecht von Haller im Göttingen der Aufklärung* (an buga shi tare da ).[de] [Hasiya]

## Manazarta
Franco mastantouno

**Franco Mastantuono** (an haife shi 14 ga Agusta 2007) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Argentina wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Real Madrid da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Argentina.
## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Mastantuono kuma ya girma a Azul a lardin Buenos Aires na Argentina, cikin dangi na asalin Argentinean Italiya. Ya ɗauki sha'awar wasan tennis tun yana ƙarami kuma ya kasance ɗan wasan matasa a matakin ƙasa, wanda aka sanya shi a cikin manyan 10 na rukuninsa.

### Aikin Kulob
Mastantuono ya fara wasan kwallon kafa tun yana dan shekara uku, yana wasa a River de Azul, inda mahaifinsa ya kasance koci. A cikin 2017, yayin da yake taka leda a River de Azul, an gayyace shi zuwa gwaji tare da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun River Plate, amma duk da cewa an ba shi wuri a makarantar, ya ƙi, saboda danginsa suna son ya ci gaba da neman aikin wasan tennis.[ Maimakon haka, ya sanya hannu a Club Cemento yana da shekaru goma sha ɗaya.

## Ayyukan kasa da kasa
An haife shi a Argentina, Mastantuono ɗan asalin Italiya ne kuma yana riƙe da ɗan ƙasa na Argentine-Italiya biyu. Manaja Pablo Aimar ne ya fara kiransa zuwa tawagar 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 na Argentina yayin da yake har yanzu goma sha biyar.[23] Ayyukansa masu ban sha'awa tare da kungiyoyin matasan River Plate sun dauki hankalin kocin tawagar 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 na Argentina Javier Mascherano, wanda ya kira shi don horar da tawagar a tsakiyar 2022.
## Manazarta
Heinrich Von Staden

Heinrich Von Strade (1542-?) Ya kasance mai shela "mai ban sha'awa a cikin Muscovy"  wanda ya rubuta game da asusunsa a kotun Ivan da kuma 1582.

## Rayuwarsa ta farko
An haifi Staden da ya haifi dan mai satar zargi a cikin Ahlen, kusa da Münster, Jamus. Mahaifiyarsa, katekina ossesenbachach, ya mutu cikin annoba, kuma yana da wani ɗan'uwa, kuma yana da ɗan'uwana Von Steaden, ɗan Katolika na Katolika a cikin YARA, da 'yar'uwa. Lokacin da aka halarci taron Katolika a Olen, an zargi Staden da buga wani ɗan'uwanmu da timinti tare da awl. Dan uwansa, Staffan Hopen, ya gayyace shi ya rayu a Livoniona tare da shi, inda "ba zai rikice ba." A Livonia, ya yi aiki a gina ganuwar biranen, amma ba su son aiki da gudu zuwa ga Wolgarten Estate a Wolmar. A can, matar Wolgarten ta sa masa mallakar ta lokacin da ta koya ya iya karantawa da rubutu a Latin da Jamusanci, kuma shine koyon Latvian.

Bayan Wolgarten sake tunawa da Mored tafi, Staden ya kuma motsa, zuwa Karkus, kuma ya zama dan kasuwa. Bayan Wuraren ya barke a cikin gwamnatin Livonia, Staden ya aika da wasika ga abokinsa, Yowachim Schoter a iyakar yankin Doroat, wanda Rusawa ke gudanawa. Ya rubuta cewa zai bauta wa Tsar Ivan I idan an biya shi. Aka gayyace shi zuwa Moscow, inda ya sadu da tsar. Ivan ya burge shi da Staden ya gayyace shi zuwa abincin dare; Ba da da ewa bayan, ya zama memba na 'yan sanda na siyasa na tsar ba, ko Oprichnina.

## Manazarta
Isabelle Stengers

## '''Isabelle Stengers'''
Daga Wikipedia, encyclopedia na kyauta
Isabelle Stengers An haife ta a shekara ta alif 1949 Brussels, Belgium Kyautar Ludwik Fleck (2013) Aikin falsafa Falsafa na Zamani Falsafar yankin Yamma Falsafar Nahiyar Makaranta Haƙiƙanin hasasheBabban sha'awa Falsafa na kimiyya Isabelle Stengers (/ stɛnˈɡɛərz/;  Faransanci: [stɛnɡɛʁs]; an haife shi a shekara ta 1949) yar falsafar Beljiyam ce, an lura da aikinta a falsafar kimiyya. An horar da ta a matsayin masanin ilmin sinadarai, ta yi aiki tare da masanin ilmin sunadarai na Rasha-Belgium Ilya Prigogine da masanin falsafa / masanin zamantakewa Bruno Latour da sauransu, kuma ya yi rubuce-rubuce sosai kan tarihin kimiyya da falsafa kamar Gilles Deleuze, Alfred North Whitehead, Donna Haraway, da Michel Serres.
## '''Tarihin Rayuwa'''
Stengers ita ce 'yar masanin tarihi Jean Stengers. Ta karanci ilmin sinadarai, inda ta kammala da digiri a fannin daga Jami'ar libre de Bruxelles.
## ''' Aiki'''
Bukatun bincikenta sun haɗa da falsafar kimiyya da tarihin kimiyya. Ta rike Farfesa a cikin Falsafa na Kimiyya a Jami'ar libre de Bruxelles  kuma ta sami babbar kyauta don falsafa daga Académie Française a 1993.Stengers ya rubuta akan masanin falsafar Ingilishi Alfred North Whitehead; sauran ayyukan sun haɗa da masana falsafa na Nahiyar kamar Michel Serres, Gilbert Simondon, Gilles Deleuze, ko Vinciane Despret, da kuma masana falsafa na Arewacin Amurka na kimiyya da na muhalli kamar Donna Haraway. Stengers kuma ya yi aiki tare da likitan hauka Leon Chertok,  da masanin ilimin zamantakewa na kimiyya Bruno Latour.
## Manazarta
Gidan mafaka (fim na 2003)

***Asylum*** is a 2003 American short documentary film directed by Sandy McLeod. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
Wata matashiya 'yar Ghana ta nemi matsayin 'yar gudun hijira a Amurka lokacin da mahaifinta ya yi ƙoƙari ya tilasta mata ta yi aure ba tare da son zuciyarta ba, kuma ta sha wahala a yankan mata.

## Manazarta
Sophie Roux

**Sophie Roux** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1965) masanin tarihin kimiyya ne na Faransa kuma masanin falsafar kimiyya wanda ke mai da hankali kan farkon zamani na kimiyyar Turai, gami da Cartesianism da abokan adawarsa, gwaje-gwaje na tunani da ƙirar lissafi, da tarihin falsafar kimiyya. Ita farfesa ce a fannin tarihi da falsafar kimiyya a École normale supérieure (Paris). 

## Ilimi da aiki
An haifi Roux a birnin Paris a shekarar 1965. Ta kasance daliba a École normale supérieure tun daga shekarar 1984, kuma ta wuce karatun digiri a fannin falsafa a shekarar 1987. Ta sami digiri biyu na Master of Advanced Studies, daya a falsafar ta hanyar Jami'ar Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne a karkashin jagorancin Michel Serres a 1989, kuma na biyu a tarihin kimiyya ta hanyar Makarantar Nazarin Ci gaba a Kimiyya ta Jama'a (EHESS) a karkashin jagoranwar  . Ci gaba da aiki tare da Coumet a EHESS, ta kammala Ph.D. a cikin 1996, tare da rubutun La philosophie mécanique (1630-1690). 

Bayan bincike na postdoctoral a Cibiyar Max Planck don Tarihin Kimiyya a Berlin, ta zama farfesa a EHESS a shekarar 1998, kuma mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin falsafar zamani a Jami'ar Pierre Mendès-France a Grenoble a shekarar 2002. Yayinda take riƙe da wannan nadin, ta sami izini a cikin 2010 ta hanyar École normale supérieure de Lyon . A shekara ta 2012, ta dauki matsayinta na yanzu a matsayin farfesa a École normale supérieure . 

Roux shine marubucin:

* Mariotte's Essay of Logic: Archaeology of Ideas of a Ordinary Siman (History and Philosophy of Sciences 2, Classiques Garnier, 2011) 

* *Komawa kan batun Sokal* (an shirya shi tare da Gilles Denis da Marie-José Durand-Richard, L'Harmattan, 2007) 
* Mechanics da Cosmology a cikin Medieval da Early Modern Period (an shirya tare da Massimo Bucciantini da Michele Camerota, Leo S. Olschki, 2007) 
* *Gwaje-gwaje na Tunanin A cikin Hanyar da Tarihi* (an shirya tare da Katerina Ierodiakonou, Brill, 2011) 
* The Mechanization of Natural Philosophy (an shirya shi tare da Daniel Garber, Springer, 2013) 
* L'Automate: Modèle Métaphore Machine Merveille (an shirya shi tare da Aurélia Gaillard, Jean-Yves Goffi, da Bernard Roukhomovsky, Jami'ar Jami'ar Bordeaux, 2013) 
* Œuvres d'Ernest Coumet (Tome 1) (an shirya shi tare da Thierry Martin, Presses Universitaires de Franche-comté, 2016) 
* Louis Couturat (1868-1914): Mathématiques, harshe, falsafar (an shirya shi tare da Michel Fichant, Classiques Garnier, 2017) 

## Sanarwa
An kira Roux ƙaramin memba na Institut Universitaire de France a shekara ta 2006. 

## Manazarta
Floris Clohen

**Hendrik Floris Cohen** An haife shi a garin Haarlem a kasar Netherlands, a ranar 1 ga watan Yuli 1946) ɗan tarihi ne na kimiyya.

## Rayuwa
Cohen ya karanci tarihi a Jami'ar Leiden, inda ya sami Ph.D. a cikin 1974. Shi malami ne a cikin Comparative History of Science a Jami'ar Utrecht. Cohen ɗan'uwan ɗan siyasa ne Ayuba Cohen kuma ɗan masanin tarihi Dolf Cohen.

A cikin 2008, Cohen ya sami lambar yabo ta Dutch "Eureka" don mafi kyawun littafi na shekara wanda ke ba da damar kimiyya ga masu sauraro.

## Manazarta
A.I. Sabra

**Abdelhamid Ibrahim Sabra** (1924-2013) was a professor of the history of science specializing in the history of optics and science in medieval Islam. He died December 18, 2013. Sabra provided English translation and commentary for Books I-III of Ibn al-Haytham's seven book *Kitab al-Manazir* (*Book of Optics*), written in Arabic in the 11th century.

Sabra ya sami digiri na farko a Jami'ar Alexandria . Daga nan ya yi karatun falsafar kimiyya tare da Karl Popper a Jami'ar London, inda ya sami digirin digirin digirgir a 1955 don rubutun kan gani a karni na 17. Ya koyar a Jami'ar Alexandria 1955-62, a Cibiyar Warburg 1962-72, kuma a Jami'an Harvard daga 1972 har sai da ya yi ritaya a 1996.

A cikin labarinsa game da "The Appropriation and Subsequent Naturalization of Greek Science in Medieval Islam", ya yi jayayya, a kan ka'idodin Pierre Duhem, cewa al'adun Islama ba su karɓa ba kuma sun adana kimiyyar Girka ta dā, amma suna aiki sosai kuma sun gyara shi.

A shekara ta 2005 an ba shi lambar yabo ta Sarton don nasarorin da ya samu a tarihin kimiyya ta Tarihin Kimiyya. 

## Zaɓuɓɓukan wallafe-wallafen

* 1954. "Lura game da gyare-gyaren da aka ba da shawarar na Newton's Corpuscular Theory of Light don daidaita shi da gwajin Foucault na 1850." British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 5, shafi na 149-51.&nbsp;
* 1967 *Ka'idodin Haske daga Descartes zuwa Newton*, (Oldbourne), (reprint Cambridge University Press, 1981), shafuka 363.
* 1984. "The Andalusian Revolt Against Ptolemaic Astronomy: Averroes and al-Bitrûjî. " shafi na 233-53 a cikin Everett Mendelsohn, ed. *Canji da Hadisi a cikin Kimiyya: Rubuce-rubuce don girmama I. Bernard Cohen .* Cambridge: Jami'ar Cambridge Press.&nbsp;
* 1987. "The Appropriation and Subsequent Naturalization of Greek Science in Medieval Islam. " *Tarihin Kimiyya* 25, shafi na 223-43.&nbsp;
* 1996. "Situating Arabic Science: Locality versus Essence," *Isis*, 87, pp. 654-670 (reprinted in Michael H. Shank, ed., The Scientific Enterprise in Antiquity and the Middle Ages Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000, pp. 215-31).&nbsp;&nbsp;

## Manazarta
Yaren Bengali

Bengali, wanda aka fi sani da sunansa Bangla  yare ne na Indo-Aryan na reshen Indo-Iranian na dangin harshen Indo-Turai.Bangladesh. Yana da asali a Yankin Bengal (Bangladesh, West Bengal da Tripura na Indiya) na Kudancin Asiya. Tare da sama da Masu magana da asali miliyan 242 da wasu miliyan 43 a matsayin masu magana da harshe na biyu a shekarar 2025,  Bengali shine na shida da aka fi magana da harshen asali kuma na bakwai da aka fi amfani da shi ta hanyar yawan masu magana a duniya. 
## Manazarta
Kenan Malik

Kenan Malik (an haife shi 26 Janairu 1960) marubuci ne, malami  kuma mai gabatar da shirye-shirye a gidan rediyo/talabijin daga Birtaniya, wanda asalin haihuwarsa daga Indiya ne. 

## Farkon rayuwa da Ilimi
An haife Kenan Malik a Secunderabad, Telangana, Indiya, daga nan iyalinsa suka koma Ingila inda ya girma a Manchester.

Ya yi karatu a fannonin kimiyar jijiyoyi a Jami’ar Sussex, sannan ya karanta Tarihin Kimiyya a gawurtacciya kwaleji dake landan. 

A wani lokaci, ya yi aikin bincike a matsayin masasnin halaiyar Dan adam a Cibiyar bincike kan tinani da raayi (CRPC) a Jami’ar Sussex.

## Manazarta
Andrea wulf

**Andrea wulf**

Andrea Wulf Andrea Wulf a Baje kolin Littattafai na Frankfurt, 2022 Andrea Wulf a Baje kolin Littattafai na Frankfurt, 2022 An haife shi 1967 New Delhi, Indiya Marubuci Sana'a Nau'in Ƙirar Ƙira Sanannun ayyuka The Brotheran'uwan Lambuna, Wannan Sauran Adnin, Kafa Lambu, Korar Venus, Ƙirƙirar Hali: Sabuwar Duniya ta Alexander Humboldt Andrea Wulf (an haife shi a shekara ta 1967) ɗan Jamus ɗan Biritaniya ɗan tarihi ne kuma marubuci wanda ya rubuta littattafai, labaran jaridu da bitar littattafai.

**Tarihin rayuwa**

An haifi Wulf a New Delhi, Indiya, ɗiya ce ga ma'aikatan agaji na ci gaban Jamus, kuma ta yi shekaru biyar na farkon rayuwarta a can, sannan ta girma a Hamburg.Ta fara karatu a Jami'ar Lüneburg, sannan ta zana tarihi a The Royal College of Art, London. Wulf mai magana ne na jama'a, yana gabatar da laccoci a Burtaniya da Amurka. Ita ce baƙo mai magana a Kitt Peak National Observatory. Littafinta The Brother Gardeners an daɗe ana jera shi don Kyautar Samuel Johnson kuma ta sami lambar yabo ta CBHL Annual Literature Award a 2010.[3] A cikin 2016, ta ci lambar yabo ta Royal Society Insight Investment Science Prize da lambar yabo ta Royal Geographical Society's Ness don littafinta The Invention of Nature.An zaɓi Wulf a matsayin ɗan'uwa na Royal Society of Literature a cikin 2018. Ta kasance alkali don kyautar 2023 Baillie Gifford don rashin almara.

## manazarta
Birnin Fim na Ramoji

Ramoji Film City wani wurin hada fina-finai ne wanda ke cikin Hyderabad, Indiya . Ya bazu sama da kadada 2,000 (810 ,  an san shi a matsayin mafi girman gidan fina-finai na duniya ta Guinness World Records. An kafa shi a cikin 1996 ta hanyar mai mallakar kafofin watsa labarai na Telugu Ramoji Rao, an bayyana shi a matsayin "birni a cikin birni" ta The Guardian .
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Samir Okasha

**Samir Okasha** FBA Farfesa ne na Falsafa na Kimiyya a Jami'ar Bristol. Shi ne wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Lakatos don littafinsa Juyin Halitta da Matsayin Zaɓi[1]. An nada shi dan ƙwararren Kwalejin Burtaniya a cikin 2018.[2]

## Manazarta
Charles Agyin-Asare

Archbishop **Charles Agyinasare** (English pronunciation: / ɑdʒɪnəsɑ:ri / born 22 March 1962) is a Ghanaian pastor who founded the Word Miracle Church International, later Perez Chapel International, a Pentecostal-Charismatic ministry in Ghana. He is the founder of Precious TV, Chancellor of the Perez University College and author of several books on Christianity.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Archbishop Charles Agyinasare Charles Yewuraekow Agyinasore a Achiase a Yankin Gabas Ghana a ranar 22 ga Maris, 1962. Daga baya ya koma Accra a yankin Greater Accra don halartar makaranta. Ya kasance dalibi na baya na Weija Barracks Primary, Armed Forces Experimental School da Nsawam St. Martins .  A can, ya kasance "masu cin zarafin mata a kwaleji" wanda ya shiga cikin abin da ya kira "zunubi, farin ciki, maye da jarabawar miyagun ƙwayoyi" da kuma "rayuwa ta shan sigari, rashin jin daɗi, bin 'yan mata, amfani da miyagun ƙ ƙwayoyi masu wuya, dare-club, da kuma tsayawa tare da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na sihiri". Daga baya aka kore shi daga St. Martin. A shekara ta 1980, an gayyaci Agyinasare zuwa Cocin Fentikos, inda, yana da shekaru 18, ya tuba zuwa Kiristanci, an fitar da shi daga rayuwarsa ta lalata, kuma ya shiga Cocin Fintikos. A cikin 2011 Agyinasare ya yi sanarwa ta doka game da canza sunan zuwa Charles Agyinasore . 

A shekara ta 1984, Enoch Agbodzo ya naɗa Agyinasare a matsayin mai wa'azi a ƙasashen waje. A shekara ta 1986, ya yi tafiya zuwa Najeriya don nazarin shirin yaƙi a karkashin jagorancin Benson Idahosa a Benin City, Najeriya. A halin yanzu (2015) babban fasto ne na Perez Dome, wanda ke da ɗakin taro mai kujeru 14,000,   wanda ake la'akari da shi a matsayin babban ɗakin taro a Ghana. Shugaban Ghana, John Dramani Mahama, a ziyarar ya bayyana wurin ibada a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan al'ajabi bakwai na Ghana".  

## Tasirin
A shekara ta 2007 Agyinasare ya sami lambar yabo ta kasa - memba na Order of the Volta (MV) - daga tsohon Shugaban Jamhuriyar Ghana John Agyekum Kufuor, saboda nasarorin da ya samu wajen kare kyawawan Afirka a matsayin shugaban addini. A cikin 2015, Farfesa Clifton Clarke ya ba Agyinasare lambar yabo ta Jagorancin Duniya daga Jami'ar Regent, Amurka don nuna godiya ga kokarin da ya yi na tayar da shugabannin a duk faɗin duniya da kuma tasirinsa a duk faɗakarwar duniya. An ba shi sanarwa daga Jihar Texas  kuma ɗan ƙasa ne mai daraja na Texas. An ce Agyinasare shine dan Ghana na 20 mafi tasiri bisa ga wani zabe a Ghana wanda aka gudanar a shekarar 2015 

## Haɗin waje

* https://www.facebook.com/Archbishop.Charles.Agyinasare?mibextid=LQQJ4d
* Shafin yanar gizon hukuma na Perez Chapel

## Manazarta