open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Nur Khan Liton

**Nur Khan Liton** lauya ne ɗan ƙasar Bangladesh kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin ɗan Adam.   Shi ne tsohon shugaba kuma babban sakatare na Ain o Salish Kendra,  ƙungiyar agaji ta ƙasa.  Ya yi magana kan kisan gilla da take hakin bil Adama a Bangladesh.    Ya yi suka kan ɓacewar da aka yi a Bangladesh tare da yin kira da a gudanar da bincike kan lamarin. 

## Sana'a
A cikin shekarar 1993, Liton ya rubuta wata kasida a cikin Dhaka Courier mai sukar Dokar Hana Ma'aikata na Yara Sanata Tom Harkin.   Ya kasance tare da ƙungiyoyi a Bangladesh. 

A ranar 15 ga watan Mayu 2014, an yi yunkurin sace Liton daga Lalmatia, Dhaka.   Wannan dai ya kasance ne a daidai lokacin da wasu fitattun mutane suka yi garkuwa da su a Bangladesh da suka hrefaɗa da Kisa Bakwai na Narayangadia Liton ya shigar da littafin diary ga ofishin ‘yan sanda na Mohammadpur game da lamarin. 

Liton da wasu fitattun masu fafutuka 58 sun yi kira ga gwamnati da ta saki Mahmudur Rahman Manna, mai gabatar da kara na Nagorik Oikya, a watan Disamba 2015.  A watan Oktoban 2016, ya yi kira da a gudanar da bincike kan mutuwar shugabannin Jamaat-e-Islami na Bangladesh guda biyu da aka kashe a wani harin bindiga da ake zargin 'yan sandan Bangladesh ne.  Liton ya shaidawa jaridar The New York Times cewa bayan harin Dhaka na watan Yulin 2016 gwamnatin Bangladesh ta kashe mutane akalla 31 da ake zargi da ta'addanci a harbe-harbe.

Liton ya yi magana game da sace Farhad Mazhar a watan Yuli 2017.  Ya soki kisan gilla da aka yi a lokacin yakin miyagun kwayoyi na Bangladesh a cikin shekarar 2018. 

A shekarar 2019, Liton ya bayyana gobara a cikin unguwannin marasa galihu a matsayin dabarar korar talakawa daga gidajensu sakamakon wata babbar gobara a Chittagong.  Ya yi kira ga gwamnatin Bangladesh da ta yi wa wani jami’in ‘ yan sandan tsaron kan iyaka na Myanmar tambayoyi da ke tsare a yankin Bangladesh, ya kuma ce ‘yan gudun hijirar Rohingya a Bangladesh sun yi zargin cewa suna da hannu a take hakkin bil’adama a kan ‘yan Rohingya.

Liton ya yi Allah-wadai da kama Ahmed Kabir Kishore, wani mai zane-zane, a shekarar 2020 yayin ɓarkewar cutar COVID-19 a Bangladesh.  Ya soki 'yan sanda da suka ziyarci gidan Zillur Rahman, mai masaukin baki Tritiyo Matra, kuma ya bayyana hakan a matsayin dabarar tsoratarwa a cikin watan Disamba 2022.  Ya yabawa takunkumin da Amurka ta kakabawa Bangladesh da cewa ta dakatar da kashe-kashen ba bisa ka'ida ba a kasar. 

A cikin watan 2023, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta ba Liton lambar yabo ta Global Defender Defender Awards.  Liton mai ba da shawara ne na Ƙungiyar Tallafawa Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam.

## Manazarta
Ceuta

**Ceuta** (UK: /ˈsjuːtə/, US: /ˈseɪuːtə/, Spanish:[ˈsewta, θewta]; Arabic: سَبْتَة, romanized: *Sabtah*) Birni ne mai daukaka a kasar Spain dake arewacin afrika.

Sun hada iayaka da Morocco,yana nan tsakanin tekun Mediterranean da tekun Atlantic. Ceuta na daya daga cikin mambobin jaha na musamman a kungiya ta Turai,yana daya daga biranen spanish ta Afrika, wanda suka kunshi Melila da Canary Islands,ya kasance wanda yake da dangantaka da province of càdiz zuwa fitarsa ta statute of autonomy a march shekara ta 1995, kamar yadda kundin kasar Spanish ya tanadar ,har izuwa lokacin da ya zama daukakakken birni.

Ceuta kamar yadda Melila da Canary Islands aka rarrabasu kyauta a wajen haduwa kafin Spain tayi hadin gwuiwa da kungiyar turai. Tana da yawan mutane da suka kunshi kiristoci da musulmai,da kadan daga maguzawa da hindi, daga Pakistan. 

Spanish shine yaren bai daya,spanish da larabcin darija su ne yarikan da aka fi anfani dasu.

## Manazarta
Angolan Kwanza

## Angolan Kwanza
### ma'anar Angolan Kwazna
Abun da ake kira da kwanza (Alama: kz; ISO 4217 kundin alama: AOA) shine nau'in kudi da ake amfani da shi a qasar Angola. Akwai nau'ikan kudi da suke amfani da suna iri daya wato "kwanza" wa'anda suke yawo tun shekarar alif 1977. An cirato sunan nau'in kudin ne daga Kwanza River (Cuanza, Coanza, Quanza).
## Kwanza reajustado, AOR, 1995–1999
A shekarar 1995, kwanza reajustado (kwanzas reajustados na farko) an samu kwansa mai kimanin 1,000 zuwa 1. An hada da sunan ISO 4217 na AOR. Zai tsinke matsala na kudi da kuma ba'a samu asusun.
### Takardar kudi

A cikin wata amsar tare da irin kudin, haka kawai ya tabbata matsalolin tarihin kudi mai kimanin kwanzas reajustados da aka ba da asusuwa mafi yawa na 1000. Wasu asusuwa sun hada da 5,000, 10,000, 50,000, 100,000, 500,000, 1,000,000 da 5,000,000 kwanzas.
## Manazarta
W. A. Case & Son Manufacturing Co.

W.A. Case & Son Manufacturing, wanda galibi ana magana da shi ta Casemark, wani masana'anta ne na Amurka wanda aka fi sani da kayan aikin famfo. An kafa shi a cikin 1853 ta masanin masana'antu Whitney Asa Case, kamfanin da farko ya kera tukunyar jirgi, radiators, kuma yana gudanar da wani babban shagon sarrafa tagulla don kwale-kwale da na'urorin motsa jiki. An fi saninsa da aikin ƙarfe a lokacin mutuwar Whitney A. Case a 1892. Ɗansa kuma magajinsa, Whitney G. Case ya faɗaɗa cikin kasuwannin famfo da kasuwannin gida, kuma a shekara ta 1910 kamfanin ya faɗaɗa ya zama babban mai samar da tagulla. kayan injiniyoyi da masu aikin famfo a Amurka.

Kamfanin ya fara samar da bandakuna da matsuguni, tun daga shekarun 1910 zuwa 1920 tare da samun wasu kamfanoni da dama, ciki har da kasuwancin James M. Teahen a 1917, da Fred Adee Corporation a 1926, daya daga cikin manyan dillalan sa a Greater New. Birnin York. Teahen zai ci gaba da haɓaka sashin bayan gida na Case, kasancewa kamfani na farko da ya samar da gida guda ɗaya, "ƙananan yaro", wanda ya haɗa dukkan sassa a cikin kwano/jiki maimakon a matsayin tanki daban. An sayar da bayan gida duka a ƙarƙashin alamar Case a matsayin "Model A", da kuma "T/N water closet", mai suna don mai ƙirƙira ta. Waɗannan ɗakunan ruwa guda ɗaya daga baya Arts & Architecture sun shahara don amfani da su a cikin Gidajen Nazarin Harka, gami da Gidan Nazarin Harka na 1, da kuma Gidan Eames. Kodayake kamfanin ya kula da ƙaramin masana'antar masana'antar tukwane a Detroit, a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1925, zai kuma sami Kamfanin Zwermann, mai ƙera kayan aikin tsafta a Robinson, Illinois, wanda zai zama babban rukunin tukwane na kamfanin. A lokacin mutuwar Whitney G. Case a 1948 kamfanin yana da ofisoshi 20 a fadin kasar da masana'antu 3, a Norristown, Pennsylvania, Robinson, Illinois, da daya a Boston, Massachusetts. Ya sayar da samfuransa ga abokan ciniki sama da 2,800 a cikin Amurka, Kanada, Mexico, Australia da ƙasashe da yawa a Kudancin Amurka.

Kamfanin Ogden Corporation, wanda aka fi sani da COVANTA, ya sayi W.A. Case & Son, a shekarar 1952. Har zuwa wannan lokacin ana daukar Ogden a matsayin kamfani mai rike da hannun jari, amma tare da siyan Case, Hukumar Canjin Kasuwanci ta yanke hukuncin cewa an dauke shi a matsayin kamfani mai rike da hannun jari. kamfanin masana'antu don dalilai na tsari. Ogden ya kula da Case a matsayin reshen da aka sani da Kamfanin Kera Plumbing na Case har sai an sayar da shi ga masana'antar Briggs a cikin Nuwamba 1964. Briggs ya haɓaka ayyukan aikin famfo tare da Case, kuma zuwa 1969 kamfanin ya narkar da wani yanki na daban gaba ɗaya, tare da Briggs yana riƙe da sunan don wasu alamar alama a cikin 1970s. Duk da cewa an soke shi fiye da shekaru 50, buƙatar ta rage don abubuwan daidaitawa da sassa.

## Bayani

## Manazarta
Mutanen kasar Sin a Madagascar

**Sinawa mazauna Madagascar** sun kasance yan tsiraru ne na kabilar Madagascar kuma sun kasance kasa ta uku mafi girma a yankin Afirka a kasashen ketare Sinawa mai yawan jama'a tsakanin 70,000 zuwa 100,000 a shekarar 2011.

## Tarihi
An samo kayan Yumbu na kasar Sin da suka fara daga karni na 16 da 17 a Madagascar; duk da haka, an yi imanin cewa waɗannan ba tabbacin kasancewar kasar Sin kai tsaye ba ne a wannan farkon kwanan wata, amma cinikayya tsakanin ƙasashe biyu ta hanyar matsakaici kamar Larabawa. Wasu ra'ayoyin gargajiya da suka shahara a tsakanin Sinanci na Madagascar sun yi iƙirarin asalin Sinanci maimakon asalin Austronesian ga Malagasy, kuma wani ba'a da ya yadu ya yi iƙiri cewa sunan Hova rubutun sunan Sinanci ne He Huai.  An ba da shawarwari a cikin 1786 da 1830 cewa ya kamata Faransanci su kafa mulkin mallaka kuma su shigo da ma'aikatan Sinanci, Indiya, da Mozambican zuwa Madagascar don cika shi don hana Burtaniya samun tushe a can, amma ba a dauki mataki a kan ra'ayin ba.

## Manazarta
Battle of ebro river

*Battle of Ebro River yaki me na sojojin ruwa da yafaru a bakin gabar tekun Ebro*

## Manazarta
Goldsworthy, Adrian, The Fall of Carthage, p 248, ISBN 0-304-36642

*
Yakin Tangier (1437)

**Yakin Tangier**, wani lokaci ana kiransa da kewayen Tangiers, kuma Portuguese, a matsayin  bala'in Tangier (Portuguese: Desastre de Tânger), yana nufin yunƙurin da rundunar sojan Portugal ta yi na kwace sansanin Maroko na Tangier da ta galaba a hannun sojojin Marinid Sultanate a 1437.  

## Manazarta
Army of Peace

**Army Of peace** babban kawance ne na mayakan kabilar Fertit a yammacin Bahr el Ghazal a lokacin yakin basasar Sudan na biyu. Duk da cewa da farko gwamnatin Sudan ta yi amfani da makamai domin yakar 'yan awaren Sudan ta Kudu, amma sojojin zaman lafiya sun yi kaurin suna wajen kisan fararen hula na Dinka. Wadannan kashe-kashen jama'a sun yi yawa sosai, har kungiyar ta shiga mummunan rikici da wasu dakarun da ke goyon bayan gwamnati. Yawanci an wargaza mayakan ne a shekara 1988, ko da yake wani bangaren rump ya ci gaba da aiki tare da shiga cikin Popular Defence Forces a shekarar ta alif 1989, daga baya kuma rundunar tsaron Sudan ta Kudu (SSDF) a shekara ta alif 1997.

## Sunayen mayaka
Sunan mayakan na Larabci shi ne Jaysh al-Salam (Larabci: جيش السلام, a madadinsa Jesh al Salam) wanda za a iya fassara shi da "Rundunar Zaman Lafiya ko kuma Sojan Zaman Lafiy An kuma san ta da "Rundunar Zaman Lafiya" (Larabci: قوات السلام, romanized: Quwat al-Salam, a madadin fassara Qwat Salem) (Fertit) Friendly Forces (al-Quwat al-Sadiqqa) Rundunar Zaman Lafiya ta kasa", Rundunar Tsaron Zaman Lafiya ko kuma kawai kungiyoyin Fertit.

## Manazarta
Warner Bros.

Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. (wanda aka fi sani da Warner Bros., ko kuma an taƙaita shi da WB, ko WBEI) kamfanin fim ne na Amurka da kuma gidan wasan kwaikwayo wanda ke da hedikwata a Warner Bros. Studios a Burbank, California, kuma reshe ne na Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD). An kafa shi a cikin 1923 da 'yan'uwa huɗu, Harry, Albert, Sam, da Jack Warner, kamfanin ya kafa kansa a matsayin jagora a Masana'antar fina-finai ta Amurka kafin ya bambanta cikin raye-raye, talabijin, da Wasannin bidiyo, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan fina-fallafen Amurka, da kuma memba na Motion Picture Association (MPA).

## Manazarta
Alawi dynasty

**Alawi dynasty** Wanda akewa lakani a turance **Alaouite, 'Alawid** kokuma **Alawite** ya kasance gidan sarauta ne na kasar morroco, sun kasance sharifan larabawa Wanda suke Gina salsalarsu ta asali tunda daga Kan Annabi Muhammad (S A W) ta hanyar kika sa Sayyidina Hassan ibn Ali (R A)

## Manazarta
Adinkra symbols

## Adinkra symbols
Adinkra alamu ne daga kasar Ghana wanda yake nuna raayi. Adinkra ana aiki dasu sosai a dinki, tambari, da kwalliya. Ana sanyasu a jikin katangu. Alamun ana sanyasu a gida da gurin wankan gawa

### Tarihi
Mutanen garin Bdono ne suka fara kirkirar Adinkra
Yakin Kroton

**Yaƙin Kroton** a cikin 204 da 203 BC sun kasance, da kuma hari a Cisalpine Gaul, babban ma'auni na ƙarshe tsakanin Romawa da Carthaginians a Italiya a lokacin Yaƙin ƙwari na Biyu. Bayan da Hannibal ya koma Bruttium saboda rikicin Metaurus, Romawa sun ci gaba da ƙoƙarin hana sojojinsa shiga Tekun Ionian tare da yanke tserewa daga ƙarshe zuwa Carthage ta hanyar kama Kroton, tashar jirgin ruwa ta ƙarshe wacce ta kasance a hannunsa bayan shekaru na yaƙi.  

## Manazarta
Basankusu

Basankusu wani gari ne a lardin Équateur, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo . Shi ne babban gari da kuma Cibiyar gudanarwa na Yankin Basankusu . A shekara ta 2004, an kiyasta yawan jama'a 23,764. Yana da filin jirgin sama na dutse, an rufe shi kuma an buɗe kasuwanni, asibiti, da cibiyoyin sadarwar wayar salula guda uku, wanda aka shigar da na farko a cikin shekara ta 2006. An kuma san garin a matsayin cibiyar kokarin kiyayewa na Bonobo. Duk da irin wannan ci gaba, yawancin mazauna suna rayuwa a matakin rayuwa: farauta, kamun kifi, kiyaye kaji da kiyaye kayan lambu. A shekara ta 2010, ma'aikata a gonar dabino ta gida za su sami matsakaicin albashi na kowane wata na $ 40 (dala na Amurka), yawancin wasu za su sami ƙasa da haka.

## Manazarta
David Ben-Uziel

**David Ben-Uziel** (An haife shi a shekara ta 1935), wanda ake yi wa lakabi da "Tarzan" da "Janar John," tsohon dan Gungiyar Isra'ila ne na Mossad kuma Laftanar kanar mai ritaya a rundunar tsaron Isra'ila.

## Aiki

Aikin soja ya fara ne a lokacin yakin Larabawa da Isra'ila a 1948. Ya yi aiki a sassa daban-daban kuma ya shiga manyan ayyuka, ciki har da harin Entebbe. Bayan ya yi aikin soja, ya shawarci sojojin Habasha, sannan ya shiga Mossad a shekarar 1968.

## Manazarta
Basenji

Basenji wani nau'in kare ne na farauta. An haife shi ne daga kayan da suka samo asali a tsakiyar Afirka. Fédération Cynologique Internationale ta sanya nau'in a cikin Spitz da nau'ikan asali. Basenji yana samar da sauti mai kama da yodel, saboda yanayin larynx mai ban mamaki. Wannan hali kuma ya ba Basenji laƙabi na 'karen da ba shi da haushi'.

Basenjis na iya gudu har zuwa mil 30-35 a kowace awa kuma suna da halaye masu yawa tare da nau'ikan karnuka. Basenjis suna shiga cikin Estrus sau ɗaya kawai a kowace shekara kama da Dingoes, New Guinea singing dogs da Tibetan Mastiffs, idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan karnuka waɗanda zasu iya samun yanayi biyu ko fiye a kowace shekara. Ba su da ƙanshi na musamman, kuma suna iya yin kuka, yodels, da sauran muryoyi a kan halayen halayen nau'ikan karnuka na zamani. Tushen asalin jinsin ya fito ne daga Kongo.
Abubakar Kado

**Abubakar Kado** Sarkin Kano ne wanda ya yi sarauta daga 1565 zuwa 1573.
## Tarihin Rayuwa a Tarihin Kano
A ƙasa akwai tarihin rayuwar Abubakar Kado daga fassarar tarihin Kano na Palmer a shekara ta 1908 a Turanci.

Ya kasance Sarki na ashirin da biyar shi ne Abubakar Kado dan Rumfa kuma cikakken dan uwan ​​Abdulahi. Sunan mahaifiyarsa Auwa. A zamaninsa mutanen Katsina sun yi wa mutanen Kano sharri har suka iso kofar Kano.

Suka yada zango a Salamta. Mutanen Kano sun fita yaki, amma an buge su, aka watse, sai da suka fake cikin garin. An ci gaba da lalacewa, kuma an yi wa ƙasar ƙazafi. Wurin da aka sami kowa a cikin garuruwa ko duwatsu masu garu, kamar Karaye, Gwan-gwam, Maska, Tariwa, ko kowane wuri mai dutse. Abubakar Kado bai yi komai ba sai ofisoshin addini. Ya raina ayyukan Sarki. Shi da sarakunansa duka sun yi ta addu'a. A zamaninsa eunuchs da mallam sun yi yawa sosai. Kano ta cika da mutane. Mallam Sherif, Tamma, Gesu da Wuri sun zo kasar Hausa daga Lagoni. Wasu sun ce daga Bagarmi suka fito.

Tamma ce babba a cikinsu. Da suka fara zuwa sun zauna a kasar Katsina. Don haka ake kiran wurin da suka zauna Tamma. Daga nan suka koma kano suka sauka a Godiya. Ana kiran garin Godiya sunan wata mace karuwa. Ita da Sarki sun yi sarauta tare a garin. Sarkin Godiya ya ce wa Tamma, "Ku zauna a Godiya."

Sai Tamma ta zauna a Godiya ta auri Godiya, Abubakr shine Sarki na farko da ya karanta littafin Eshifa a gidan Ban Goronduma Kursiya. Shi ne Sarki wanda ya sa sarakuna su koyi Alkur’ani. Ya yi haka saboda 'ya'yansa maza. Sun karanta Kur'ani da kyau, kuma karatun yana tsakiyar Shaäban.

Kowace safiya bayan fitowar rana sarakunan suna taruwa. Sarki ya fito bayan sallar asuba. Yana da 'ya'ya 7, kowannensu ya karanta kashi na bakwai na Alkur'ani. Ya ba 'ya'yansa dukiya mai yawa. Babban cikinsu shi ne Abdulahi, wanda ake ce masa Ban Kado Kisoki; Chiroma Yan Sarki wani; sai Dauda Tsaga, Dan Ashia (Ashia 'yar uwar Sarki ce), Dari, da Tella. Sarki ya gina Goron Pugachi domin karatun Alqur'ani. Ya fara karanta Jam ‘as-saghir.

Ya mulki Kano shekara bakwai da wata shidda sannan aka sauke shi.
## Manazarta
Tsibirin Ascension

**Tsibirin Ascension** tsibiri ne kebe mai aman wuta, 7°56′ kudu da Equator a Kudancin Tekun Atlantika. Yana da nisan mil 1,000 (kilomita 1,600) daga gabar tekun Afirka da mil 1,400 (kilomita 2,300) daga gabar tekun Kudancin Amurka. Ana gudanar da ita a matsayin wani yanki na Yankin Yammacin Burtaniya na Saint Helena, Hawan Yesu zuwa sama da Tristan da Cunha, 4 wanda babban tsibiri, Saint Helena, ke da nisan mil 800 (kilomita 1,300) zuwa kudu maso gabas. Yankin ya kuma hada da tsibiran Tristan da Cunha da ba su da yawa, mil 2,300 (kilomita 3,700) zuwa kudu, kusan rabin hanyar Antarctic Circle

## Al'ada
Akwai kungiyoyin Scouting da Jagora akan Saint Helena da Tsibirin Hawan Hawan Sama. An kafa Scouting a Tsibirin Hawan Hawan Sama a cikin Nuwamba 1973, bayan an kafa shi a tsibirin St Helena a cikin 1912.

The Islander jarida ne na mako-mako da ake gyarawa, bugawa da rarrabawa a tsibirin. An buga shi tun 1971. Ana samunsa akan layi.

Turanci shine harshen hukuma.

## Manazarta
Gidajen daji na Cross-Niger

Gidan gandun daji na Cross-Niger yanki ne mai laushi mai laushi na kudu maso gabashin Najeriya, wanda ke tsakanin Kogin Neja a yamma da Kogin Cross a gabas. Da zarar wani wadataccen cakuda na gandun daji na wurare masu zafi da gandun daji sun rufe waɗannan ƙananan tuddai masu juyawa amma a yau, wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin yankunan da suka fi yawan jama'a a Afirka kuma a yau an cire mafi yawan gandun daji kuma yankin yanzu ciyawa ne.

## Wurin da bayanin
Yankin da aka sani da Cross Niger Transition Forests yana tsakanin yankunan biogeographic na Kogin Neja da Kogin Cross. Saboda tsananin aikin gona a cikin wannan yankin, an cire mafi yawan bishiyoyin halitta. Yankin muhalli ya shimfiɗa a fadin jihohin Najeriya na Abia, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Ebonyi, da Imo, yana rufe yanki na  kilomita 20,700 (8,000 sq .   Kogin Neja ya raba gandun daji na Cross-Niger daga gandun daji masu ƙasƙanci na Najeriya zuwa yamma, wanda mai yiwuwa ya fi kama da asalin yanayin yankin Cross-N Niger. A kudu da kudu maso yamma akwai gandun daji na Nijar Delta. A arewa, gandun daji na Cross-Niger suna ba da gudummawa ga gandun daji-savanna na Guinea na ciki mai bushe.

Yanayin yana da rigar, ya zama ya bushe a cikin ƙasa, tare da lokacin fari daga Disamba zuwa Fabrairu.

## Tsire-tsire
Tsire-tsire da fauna na yankin "canji ne", abubuwan da suka haɗu daga gandun daji na Upper Guinean sun haɗa da *Afzelia*, wanda aka noma don katako, da kuma dabino na *[[Giginya|Borassus aethiopum]]*.

## Dabbobi
Ƙananan yankuna na gandun daji masu kariya sun kasance a cikin ciyawa kuma waɗannan gida ne ga dabbobi kamar su Sclater's guenon da crested chameleon (*Trioceros cristatus*). Kogin Neja koyaushe ya kasance babban shingen ga motsi na namun daji a ciki da waje da yankin. An lalata manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa a yankin tun daga shekarun 1940 kuma yanzu akwai ƙananan namun daji da suka rage a yankin har ma da jemagu da kwari yanzu sun makale kuma sun ci.

## Barazanar
Yankin ya ci gaba da yawan mutane na ƙarni da yawa, kuma an share yawancin gandun daji na asali don noma, shuke-shuke na gandun daji, da ci gaban birane kamar masu tsabtace mai na Port Harcourt. Ragowar yankuna na gandun daji sun haɗa da Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve a Akwa Ibom tare da wasu yankuna na daji mai tsarki, waɗanda ke ci gaba da ɓacewa yayin da rayuwar ƙauyen ke lalacewa, da kuma wuraren gandun daji na kogi. Akwai wuraren ajiyar gandun daji a Anambra da sauran wurare, amma waɗannan galibi don manufar noma katako ne maimakon adana asalin yanayi.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Cocin Najeriya

**Cocin Najeriya** ita ce cocin Anglican a Najeriya. Lardi ce ta biyu mafi girma a cikin Anglican Communion, kamar yadda aka auna ta membobin baftisma (ba ta wurin halarta ba), bayan Cocin Ingila. A shekarar 2016 ta bayyana cewa membobinta sun kasance "fiye da miliyan 18", daga cikin yawan jama'ar Najeriya miliyan 190. Shi ne "lardi mafi girma a cikin tarayya yadda ya kamata." na Najeriya yana da kusan membobi miliyan 2 da suka yi baftisma. A cewar wani binciken da Jami'ar Cambridge ta buga a cikin Journal of Anglican Studies, akwai tsakanin 4.94 da 11.74 miliyan Anglicans a Najeriya. Cocin Najeriya ita ce lardin Anglican mafi girma a nahiyar Afirka, wanda ke da kashi 41.7% na mabiya darikar Anglican a yankin kudu da hamadar Saharar Afirka, kuma “watakila ita ce ta farko mafi girma cikin kungiyar Anglican Communion dangane da mambobi masu aiki.”

Tun 2002 an shirya Cocin Najeriya zuwa larduna 14 na majami'u. Ta yi sauri ta kara adadin majami’o’inta da bishop daga 91 a 2002 zuwa 161 kamar yadda a watan Janairun 2013. Hedikwatar gudanarwa tana Abuja. Archbishop Henry Ndukuba ya zama na farko a cikin 2020.

## Manazarta
Bashali Chiefdom

Babban Birnin Bashali (Faransanci: Chefferie de Bashali) babban birni ne da ke Yankin Masisi na Lardin Arewacin Kivu a gabashin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo (DRC). A fannin ƙasa, an iyakance shi zuwa gabas ta wurin shakatawa na Virunga, zuwa arewa ta Bwito Chiefdom na Yankin Rutshuru, zuwa arewa maso yamma ta Walikale Territory, zuwa kudu ta Bahunde Chiefdom, kuma zuwa yamma ta sashin Osso. Ya ƙunshi jimlar yanki na murabba'in kilomita 1,582,  shugabanci shine tsarin gudanarwa da zamantakewa na siyasa ga ƙabilar Hunde kuma an raba shi cikin ƙungiyoyi biyu: Bashali-Mokoto da Bashali-Kaembe . Kitchanga, cibiyar birane da babban birnin gudanarwa na ƙungiyar Bashali-Mokoto, ita ce mafi yawan jama'a a cikin shugabanci.  

## Manazarta
Chuma da Susi

**James Chuma da Abdullah Susi** mutane ne daga tsakiyar Afirka waɗanda suka shiga cikin balaguron Zambesi na biyu wanda mai binciken David Livingstone ya jagoranta, kuma ya yi amfani da su a balaguron karshe. Suna da muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsari, kuma sune na farko da suka gaishe Stanley lokacin da ƙungiyar bincikensa ta tuntubi.

Sun goyi bayan Livingstone a tafiye-tafiyensa na ƙarshe, kuma bayan mutuwarsa ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ɗaukar jikinsa zuwa gabar teku don komawa Burtaniya. A shekara ta 1874 sun tafi Burtaniya, sun ziyarci danginsa da abokinsa kuma mai ba da gudummawa James Young, kuma sun taimaka wa Horace Waller tare da aikinsa na rubutawa da gyara Jaridu na Ƙarshe na David Livingstone a Afirka ta Tsakiya, suna ba da nasu tunanin don bayanin bayani da kuma lokacin bayan shigar da Livingstone ta ƙarshe.

## Tarihi
David Livingstone, likita mishan, ya binciki Zambezi kuma ya haye nahiyar zuwa Luanda. Ya iya yaren Tswana, kuma sarki Sekeletu ya sanya Mutanen Kololo don taimakawa da jagorantar shi a kan hanyoyin da aka kafa. Ya dawo a shekara ta 1856 don ya sami yabo daga Royal Geographical Society, kuma tafiye-tafiyen mishan da aka buga a shekara ta 187 ya kasance mafi kyawun labarin tafiye-tallace tare da kwatancin jinƙai na musamman na mutanen Afirka. Ya tayar da bukatar jama'a don manufofi da "kasuwanci na halal" ta hanyar kogi zuwa tsakiyar Afirka don kawo karshen karuwar mummunar cinikin bayi.
## Hotuna

File:David Livingtone's followers, Susi and Chuma, pictured with Wellcome V0018859.jpg|Tsohon Hotan Chuma da Susi
File:Chuma.jpg|Chuma
File:Chumah, David Livingstone's personal servant, seated on a wo Wellcome V0018839.jpg|Chumah zaune saman kujera
File:The life and labors of David Livingstone, LL. D., D.C.L., covering his entire career in Southern and Central Africa. Carefully prepared from the most authentic sources...The whole rendered clear and (14595470330).jpg|Rayuwar David livingstone Uban Gidan Chuma
File:The life and labors of David Livingstone, LL. D., D.C.L., covering his entire career in Southern and Central Africa. Carefully prepared from the most authentic sources...The whole rendered clear and (14595457020).jpg|Gamayyar su biyun.
File:Susi and Chuma, Africa, ca.1870-ca.1900 (imp-cswc-GB-237-CSWC47-LS16-055).jpg|Chuma da Susi


## Manazarta
African harp

**African harp** kawai zane, ana samun shi a wakokin gargajiya na sub Sahara a yankin nahiyar Afrika. Mafi yawancin a kudanci. Inda akayi amfani dashi a lokutan baya a yankin nahiyar Afrika.

## Manazarta
Davis N (1986). Gardiner A (ed.). *Ancient Egyptian Paintings* (PDF). Vol. 3. University of Chicago Press.
Gemu

**Gemu** shine gashin da ke tsiro a kasan fuskar mutum.

Gashin da ke fitowa a saman leben wasu mazan gashin baƙi ne.  Idan mutum yana da gashi kawai a ƙasan lebe na ƙasa da sama da haɓa, ana kiran shi ƙasumba.  Wasu mazan suna da yawan gashi da gemu mai yawa, wasu kuma suna da kaɗan. A wannan zamani da muke ciki, maza da yawa suna aske wani ɓangare ko gaba ɗaya gemu, ko yanke gemu don kada ya yi tsayi sosai.

Wasu dabbobi ma suna da gashi irin wannan, wasu kuma wasu lokuta ma suna kiran wannan gashin gemu.
Blood diamond

## Lu'u-lu'u na jini
Lu'u-lu'u na jini (wanda ake kira lu'u-lu'u na rikici, lu'u-lu'u mai launin ruwan kasa, lu'u-lu'u mai zafi, ko lu'u-lu'u ja) su ne lu'u-lu'u da ake hakowa a wurin yaki kuma ana sayar da su don samun kudi domin tayar da kayar baya, yunkurin sojan mamaya, ta'addanci, ko aikin wani dan yaki. Anyi afani da wannan kalma don nuna mummunar illa ta kasuwancin lu'u-lu'u a wasu yankuna, ko kuma don bayyana wani lu'u-lu'u da aka samo daga irin wannan wuri. Lu'u-lu'u da aka haka yayin yakin basasa na karni na 20 zuwa na 21 a Angola, Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea, da Guinea-Bissau sun sami wannan lakabin.

### Kudaden Rikici
Philippe Le Billon ya bayyana hujjar 'albarkatun rikici' tana jingina ne akan tunanin cewa mafi muhimmancin albarkatu, idan akwai ga ƙananan ƙarfi a rikici, zai iya 'karfafa' kuma ya taimaka wajen ci gaba da shi. Farashin kayan masarufi a kasuwannin duniya, duk da haka, ba isasshen misali bane don kimar tattalin arzikin wata albarkatun ga masu shiga cikin rikici. Muhimman abubuwa sun haɗa da wurin da ake samun su, hanyar samarwa, da kuma hanyar zuwa kasuwa. Lu'u-lu'u suna da ƙanƙanta da nauyi sosai idan aka kwatanta da kimarsu kamar yadda Richard Auty ya nuna babbar bambanci - farashi sau dubban dubata a kowanne kilo - na lu'u-lu'u idan aka kwatanta da sauran albarkatu kuma yadda ake iya samun su cikin sauki.
Hako zinariya mai zurfi, lu'u-lu'u na kimberlite ko sauran ma'adanai yana buƙatar aiki da kiyayewa na wurin da ke cin kuɗi sosai; kwararar ma'adanai, a gefe guda, ana iya hako su cikin rahusa ta amfani da kayan aikin sana'a na an lokaci gwargwadon tsaron ƙasar da ake da su. Saboda haka, 'yan tawaye suna iya cin gajiyar lu'u-lu'u na kwarara cikin sauki. Wadannan bambance-bambancen tsakanin lu'u-lu'u na farko da na biyu a cikin yaduwar albarkatu da kudin hakowa su ne tushen rashin yarda da Lujana et al. da'awar rashin albarkatun albarkatu don bambancin kwarewar zaman lafiya da rikici na Botswana da Sierra Leone, tunda duk ƙasashen suna da yalwar albarkatun lu'u-lu'u amma a cikin siffofi daban-daban.
### Tarihi
Rahotannin Angola sun kiyasta cewa har zuwa kashi 21% na dukkan samar da lu'u-lu'u a shekarun 1980 ana sayar da su don dalilai marasa doka da rashin gaskiya kuma kashi 19% daga ciki na rikici ne musamman. A shekarar 1999, Majalisar Lu'u-lu'u ta Duniya ta kiyasta cewa haramtaccen kasuwancin lu'u-lu'u ya ragu zuwa kashi 4% na samar da lu'u-lu'u na duniya. Majalisar Lu'u-lu'u ta Duniya ta ba da rahoton cewa nan da shekarar 2004 wannan kashi ya fadi zuwa kusan kashi 1% kuma har zuwa yau Majalisar Lu'u-lu'u ta Duniya tana nuni da cewa wannan haramtaccen kasuwanci ya kusan shafe kwata-kwata, ma'ana sama da kashi 99% na lu'u-lu'u da ake sayarwa suna da tushe na doka.
## Manazarta
Askut

**Askut**

wanda kuma aka sani a tsohuwar Masar kamar Djer-Setiu) tsohuwar tsibiri ce ta Masar a cikin Masarautar Tsakiyar akan Kogin Nilu, wanda aka gina shi don tabbatar da iyakar Nubia. Tun bayan kammala babban Dam na Aswan, tsibirin ya cika da tafkin Nubia.

## Gabatarwa
gyara Askut tsohon sansanin soja ne na Masar wanda ke kan tsibiri a kan kogin Nilu a lokacin daular tsakiya. Manufarta ita ce ta rufe iyakar zuwa Nubia. Alexander Badawy ne ya tono shi a yayin gangamin ceton babban barna na Aswan wanda ke da nufin adana wuraren da ginin Dam na Aswan ya yi barazana. Garuruwan irin wannan galibi gida ne ga wata babbar al'umma mai asali da kabila dabandaban. An dauki matsayi daban-daban daga dukkan membobin al'umma, amma yawanci maza sun mamaye ayyukan soja, siyasa, da tattalin arziki. Wani muhimmin hada na bude wannan rukunin yanar gizon ya haɗa da fahimtar yanayin zamantakewar da ke tattare da muhalli da al'adun kayan aiki.

## Manazarta
Sojojin Ruwa na ƙasar Aljeriya

Sojojin Ruwa na ƙasar Aljeriya (ANF; Larabci: القوات البحرية الجزائرية, Faransanci: Forces Navales Algériennes) reshen sojojin ruwa ne na sojojin Aljeriya. Rundunar sojojin ruwan tana aiki ne daga sansanoni da dama da ke gabar tekun kasar kusan kilomita 1,440 (890 mi), tare da cika aikinsu na farko na sanya ido da kuma kare yankin ruwan Aljeriya daga duk wani kutse na kogi ko na tattalin arziki. Ƙarin ayyuka sun haɗa da masu gadin bakin teku da ayyukan tsaro na ruwa da kuma hasashen sojojin ruwa (fusiliers marins). Sojojin ƙasar Aljeriya na taka muhimmiyar rawa a yammacin Bahar Rum.

## Manazarta
Tafkin Jabi

**Tafkin Jabi** wani ruwa ne wanda aka kafa daga madatsar ruwa da aka yi da mutum wanda aka kirkira da farko don samar da ruwa ga mazaunan Abuja, Najeriya. Jimlar yankin tafkin kusan hekta 1,300 (acre 3,200). 

Ikon farko na tafkin shine samar da ruwa ga mazauna 100,000. Amma bayan gina babbar madatsar ruwan Usuma, tafkin ya zama wurin kamun kifi da yawon bude ido.

Yankin da ke kewaye da tafkin ya ga ci gaba mai ɗorewa a cikin Amfani da ƙasa tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1980. A shekara ta 2007, an sanya wa wani yanki da ke kewaye da tafkin suna Jabi Lake Park kuma an shirya shi don haɗawa da wurin shakatawa. Ana gudanar da abubuwan zamantakewa a cikin wurin shakatawa kuma tafkin yana ba da ayyuka ga masu neman nishaɗi kamar tafiyar jirgin ruwa.

## Hotuna

File:Boat_in_Lake_Square_Abuja_07.jpg|Wani babban jirgin Ruwa a bakin Tafkin
File:A_boatman_paddles_over_the_wide_length_of_man-made_Jabi_Lake_in_the_heart_of_Abuja.jpg|Wani a cikin Kwale-kwale a tafkin da ke Jabi a tsakkiyar birnin tarayyar Najeriya 


## Manazarta
Alice Kinloch

**Alice Kinloch** ta kasance mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Afirka ta Kudu, mai magana da jama'a, kuma marubuciya ce wacce ta kafa kungiyar Afirka a Landan a cikin shekarar 1897, kuma ita ce za ta karfafa taron Pan-African a London a 1900.      

## Rayuwa
An haifi Alice Victoria Alexander Kinloch a Cape Town, Cape Colony a shekarar 1863. Iyalinta sun ƙaura zuwa Kimberley a kusa da shekarar 1870s. A cikin watan Yuni 1885, ta auri Edmund Ndosa Kinloch a Cocin St Cyprian a Kimberley.  

Ta yi tafiya zuwa Ƙasar Ingila a cikin shekarar 1895 kuma ta haɗu da kanta tare da Aborigines Protection Society (APS), babbar kungiyar kawar da kare hakkin bil'adama. A matsayinta na wakilin APS, ta yi magana da manyan masu sauraro a London, Newcastle, York, da Manchester. A kan dandamali a Biritaniya, ta tattauna yanayin Afirka ta Kudu. Taken ta shi ne "rashin lafiyar ƴan asalin ƙasar a duk faɗin Afirka ta Kudu, musamman tsarin haɗin gwiwar da aka samu a duk yankunan ma'adinai". 

Daga baya, ta buga wani ƙasida mai suna "Shin Diamonds na Afirka ta Kudu sun cancanci ƙimar su?". A matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan rahoton, ta bayyana yanayin rayuwa akan mahaɗan ma'adinai a matsayin "kamar bawa" kuma ta yi jayayya game da zartar da dokoki a Natal.   

Kinloch ta kafa Ƙungiyar Afirka a shekarar 1897 tare da lauyoyi masu neman Henry Sylvester Williams da Thomas John Thompson daga Trinidad da Saliyo. A matsayin ma'ajin kungiyar Afirka, Kinloch ta koma Afirka ta Kudu a cikin watan Fabrairu 1898 kuma, tare da Ƙungiyar Afirka, ta shirya taron Pan-African na farko a shekarar 1900.  

## Manazarta
Cocin Uganda

**Cocin Uganda** memba ne na lardin Anglican Communion . A halin yanzu akwai diocese 37 waɗanda suka zama Cocin Uganda, kowannensu yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin bishop.
Kowace diocese ta kasu kashi biyu, kowannensu yana karkashin jagorancin babban firist da aka sani da archdeacon. Archdeaconries sun kara rarraba zuwa majami'u, karkashin jagorancin firist na majami'a. An raba majami'u zuwa ƙananan majami'a, waɗanda masu karatu ke jagoranta. Ya zuwa kididdigar shekara ta 2014, kashi 32% na 'yan Uganda ko mutane 10,941,268 suna ɗaukar kansu suna da alaƙa da cocin,  ƙasa daga kashi 36.7% a ƙidayar shekara ta 2002.  Dangane da binciken da An sake dubawa a cikin Journal of Anglican Studies wanda Cambridge University Press ta buga a 2016, Ikilisiyar Uganda tana da mambobi sama da miliyan 8 da kusan mambobi 795,000 masu baftisma.
## Hotuna

File:The Church House, Kampala Road, Kampala, Uganda.jpg|Cocin Uganda
File:Church of Uganda Archives.jpg|Cocin Uganda daukar gefe
File:Eritrean Church in Uganda 06.jpg|Eritrean_Church_in_Uganda
File:Kibubura Church of Uganda 05.jpg|Kibubura_Church_of_Uganda
File:Local Church, Uganda (15221978476).jpg|Karamar Cocin Uganda



## Manazarta
Omar al-Bashir

**Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir** (an haife shi ranar 1 ga watan Janairu, 1944) tsohon jami'in soja ne kuma ɗan siyasa na Sudan wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban kasar Sudan a ƙarƙashin lakabi daban-daban daga shekara ta 1989 har zuwa 2019, lokacin da aka tsige shi a juyin mulki. Daga baya aka tsare shi a kurkuku, aka yi masa shari'a kuma aka yanke masa hukunci kan tuhume-tuhumen cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. Ya zo mulki a shekarar 1989 lokacin da, a matsayin Brigadier Janar a cikin Sojojin Sudan, ya jagoranci wani rukuni na jami'ai a juyin mulkin soja wanda ya kori gwamnatin da aka zaba ta hanyar dimokuradiyya ta Firayim Minista Sadiq al-Mahdi bayan ta fara tattaunawa da 'yan tawaye a kudu; daga baya ya maye gurbin Shugaba Ahmed al-Mirghani a matsayin shugaban kasa. An zabe shi sau uku a matsayin shugaban kasa a zabukan da aka gudanar da bincike saboda Cin hanci da rashawa. A shekara ta 1992, al-Bashir ya kafa Jam'iyyar National Congress, wacce ta kasance babbar jam'iyyar siyasa a kasar har zuwa shekara ta 2019.  A watan Maris na shekara ta 2009, al-Bashir ya zama shugaban kasa na farko da Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta kasa da kasa (ICC) ta tuhume shi, saboda zargin ya jagoranci kamfen na kisan kiyashi, fyade, da kuma fashi a kan fararen hula a Darfur. A ranar 11 ga Fabrairu 2020, Gwamnatin Sudan ta ba da sanarwar cewa ta amince da mika al-Bashir ga ICC don shari'a.

## Manazarta
Bay duiker

**Bay duiker** (Cephalophus dorsalis), wanda kuma aka sani da baƙar fata duiker da duiker mai goyan bayan baki, ɗan duiker ne na gandun daji na yamma da kudancin Afirka. Masanin ilimin dabbobi dan Burtaniya John Edward Gray ne ya fara bayyana shi a cikin 1846. An gano wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan dabbobi guda biyu. Bay duiker yana da ja-launin ruwan kasa kuma yana da matsakaicin girman. Duk jinsin biyu sun kai 44-49 cm (17-19 in) a kafada. Jima'i ba sa bambanta sosai a nauyinsu, ko dai; Matsakaicin matsakaicin nauyin wannan duiker shine 18-23 kg (40-51 lb). Duk jinsin biyu suna da ƙahoni biyu masu kauri, suna auna 5-8 cm (2.0-3.1 in). Wani sanannen fasalin wannan duiker shine ingantaccen ƙwanƙwaran ratsin baƙar fata wanda ya tashi daga bayan kai zuwa wutsiya. 

## Manazarta
Mangroves na Afirka ta Tsakiya

Yankin **mangrove na [[Afirka]] ta Tsakiya** ya ƙunshi mafi girman yanki na mangrove a Afirka, wanda ke kan iyakar Afirka ta Yamma, galibi a Najeriya.

## Wurin da bayanin
Wadannan mangroves suna samuwa a cikin koguna masu kyau da lagoons kuma suna dauke da bishiyoyi har zuwa 45m tsawo. Yawancin suna cikin Najeriya, tare da mahimman yankuna Kamaru da Equatorial Guinea / Gabon da kuma patches a Ghana, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, da arewacin Angola. Yankin da ya fi girma a yankin yana kan Kogin Neja a kan Tekun Guinea, yayin da wasu suka hada da gabashin Kogin Cross a Najeriya da Kamaru, Kogin Wouri a Kamaru, da Kogin Muni a kan iyakar Equatorial Guinea da Gabon, da bakin Kogin Kongo. Kazalika da kasancewa gida ga yawancin namun daji mangroves suna riƙe da koguna a wurin, tace ruwa kuma suna ƙirƙirar haɓaka ƙasa mai wadataccen abinci a kan bankunan. Mangroves suna bunƙasa a yanayin zafi mai zafi inda teku ke da dumi, kuma inda manyan raƙuman ruwa ke shiga cikin koguna. Sabili da haka, akwai ƙasa a bakin tekun Kongo, inda Benguela Current ya kawo teku mai sanyi, amma akwai wurare a nan da kudu a Angola.

## Tsire-tsire
Akwai manyan nau'o'in bishiyoyin mangrove guda biyar a cikin yankin: ja mangrove (*Rhizophora mangle*), *Rhizophora racemosa*, da *Rhizophora harrisonii*, baƙar fata mangrove, da fararen mangrove.

## Dabbobi
Al'ummomin da ke da wadata na oysters, crabs, invertebrates da kuma nau'ikan kifi da yawa a cikin mangroves suna ci gaba da rayuwar dabbobi ciki har da birai, Manatee na Afirka (*Trichechus senegalensis*), da tururuwa kamar tururuwa mai laushi na Afirka (Matuba mai laushi). Tsuntsaye sun haɗa da tsuntsayen ruwa masu kiwo kamar su striated heron da reed cormorant da manyan garken wasu yayin ƙaura.

## Ayyukan da suka shafi mangrove
Misali na ayyukan mangrove da suka shafi ayyuka sun haɗa da tsari, na wucin gadi, al'adu da tallafi.

## Barazanar da adanawa
Najeriya ita ce ƙasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, wanda ke sanya damuwa a kan mafi yawan sauran yankuna na waɗannan wuraren da ke bakin teku. An share abubuwa da yawa don ci gaban birane da masana'antu, kamar su masu tsabtace mai na Neja Delta wanda kuma ya sa koguna da maras kyau su gurɓata. Yankunan birane a cikin yankunan mangrove na asali sun haɗa da Legas a Najeriya da Douala a Kamaru. Sauran nau'ikan a yankin sun haɗa da izinin gishiri da aikin gona. Koyaya mangrove wuri ne mai ɗorewa kuma ƙananan tarin mangrove sun kasance a ware a duk bakin tekun yamma da tsakiyar Afirka.

19.86% na mangroves na Afirka ta Tsakiya suna cikin wuraren da aka kiyaye. Yankunan da aka kare na kasa sun hada da Gidan shakatawa na Douala Edéa a Kamaru, Gidan shakatawa na Monte Alén a Equatorial Guinea, Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Akanda da Pongara a Gabon, da Gidan wasan Mangroves a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo. Akwai wurare da yawa na Ramsar (yanayin da aka tsara a duniya na muhimmancin duniya) ciki har da lagoons na Songor da Keta a Ghana.

## Haɗin waje

*  

## Manazarta
Hesham Ashmawy

**Hesham Ali Ashmawy Mos'ad Ibrahim** (Larabci: هشام علي عشماوي مسعد إبرا1978 - 4 Maris 2020) wani dan ta'adda ne da aka yanke masa hukunci wanda a baya jami'in sojan Masar ne, wanda gwamnati ke zarginsa da kitsawa kuma yana da hannu a cikin wasu 'yan ta'adda. hare-hare kan wuraren tsaro da cibiyoyin gwamnati, ciki har da harin Farafra na 2014 da kisan gillar da aka yi wa babban mai gabatar da kara, Hisham Barakat a 2015

## Rayuwar farko da aikin soja
An haifi Ashmawy a shekara ta 1978.[5] Mahaifinsa, Ali Ashmawy, malamin harshen Faransanci ne, mahaifiyarsa, Ghalia Ali Abdelmegid, tana aiki a makaranta. Akwai kananan bayanai game da rayuwarsa kafin ya shiga Rundunar Sojojin Masar, ko da yake dangi da abokai sun san shi da kasancewa mai sha'awar kwallan kafa. A cikin 2003, Laftanar Ashmawy ya auri Nesreen Sayed Ali, tsohuwar daliba ce a makarantar Abdelmegid wacce ta zama mataimakiyar koyarwa a jami'ar Ain Shams Sun haifi 'ya'ya maza biyu kuma suka zauna a wani gini da mahaifinsa ya gina a gundumar Nasr ta 10 a birnin Alkahira.

## Manazarta
Angolan nationality law

Hukumar zaman jama'a na Angoli ta hanyar shari'ar Jamhuriyar Angola, bayan an yi magana; Jarumin Hukumar zaman jama'a, da kuma yawan dalilai da aka yi wa ita; da kuma wasu yankunan da ke gabatar da kowane yabo na duniya da ke dauke da matsalolin da yake da ita.[1] Wannan hukumomi sun hada da wanda yake da ita ko yana da ita da matsayin jama'a na Angola.[2] Manyan yankunan da suke da hankali na samun zama jama'a, da yake da yawan dalilai da suka dace da jama'a, da ke daga cikin yankin da ke dauke da ita, da aka sani da mulkiyar kasancewar jama'a.[3][4] Zama jama'a na Angoli ake da nasa, an yi suna ta hanyar kanunin jus sanguinis, tare da kasancewa a Angola ko gaba da ita, wanda ke da hankali da yake da ita. Za a iya ba wa mutane da dama cikin yankin da ke dauke da ita, ko kuma wa jami'an gida mai sana'ar gida da ya kasance cikin yankin sama ga lokacin da ke da ita ta hanyar zaman jama'a.[6]
## Samun zaman jama'a na Angoli
za'a iya zama yam kasa a Angola ta hanya haihuwa ko kuma ta Mayar da abu ya koma neutral. Dokokin kasar Angola sun banbanta tsakanin dangana da kuma samun kasa. Dangana shi kai tsaye yake ta inda shi kuma samun kasa ana samun shi ne daga baya kuma yana amfani ne a gaba.

## Manazarta
Dokar 'yan kasa ta Basotho

Dokar 'yan kasa ta Basotho ta tsara ta Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Lesotho, kamar yadda aka gyara; Dokar' yan kasa ta Lesotho, da sake dubawa; Dokar' Yan Gudun Hijira ta 1983; da kuma yarjejeniyoyi daban-daban na kasa da kasa wanda kasar ta sanya hannu. Wadannan dokoki sun ƙayyade wanda ya cancanci zama, ɗan ƙasar Lesotho. Hanyar shari'a don samun kasa, zama memba na doka a cikin ƙasa, ya bambanta da dangantakar cikin gida na haƙƙoƙi da wajibai tsakanin ƙasa da ƙasa, wanda aka sani da zama ɗan ƙasa. Nationality yana bayyana dangantakar mutum da jihar a karkashin dokar kasa da kasa, yayin da zama ɗan ƙasa shine dangantakar cikin gida na mutum a cikin al'umma. A Burtaniya kuma ta haka ne Commonwealth of Nations, kodayake ana amfani da kalmomin sau da yawa a waje da doka, dokoki daban-daban ne ke sarrafa su kuma hukumomi daban-daban ke tsara su. Ana samun asalin Basotho a ƙarƙashin ka'idar jus soli, wanda aka haifa a Lesotho, ko jus sanguinis, watau ta hanyar haihuwa a Lesotho ko kasashen waje ga iyaye masu asalin Basotho. Ana iya ba da shi ga mutanen da ke da alaƙa da ƙasar, ko kuma ga mazaunin dindindin wanda ya zauna a ƙasar na wani lokaci ta hanyar zama ɗan ƙasa.

## Manazarta
Library

**Dakin karatu** Matattara ce ta littattafai da sauran Kayan karatu da kuma Kayan yanar gizo Wadanda za ka  Iya amfani dasu karkashin kulawar malaman Dakin karatu. Dakin karatu yana kawo bayyanannun takardu Kala daban daban
Olu Oyenakpagha (Olu Obanighenren)

**Olu Oyenakpagha (Olu Obanighenren)** shi ne Olu na Warri na takwas wanda ya mulki mutanen Itsekiri. An kira shi Omonighenren wanda ke fassara zuwa yarima tare da fatar zinariya. Lokacin da ya hau kan karagar mulki kamar yadda Ogiame, Olu na masarautar Warri, an ba shi suna Obanighenren wanda ke fassara zuwa Sarki da fatar zinare. Wani sunansa Don Antonio Domingos. Shi da ne ga Olu Atuwatse I (Olu Dom Domingos) kuma ya gaji mahaifinsa a matsayin Olu na Warri na takwas. Ya rubuta wasika zuwa ga Paparoma Clement X a shekara ta alif 1652 wanda aka kai wa Paparoma cikin nasara. Ya yi karatu a gida da kuma wata cibiya a Angola. Kamar mahaifinsa, ya auri wata mace mai daraja ta Portugal. Ɗansa Olu Omoluyiri ya gaje shi.

## MANAZARTA
Alessia cara

**Alessia Caracciolo (A**n haife ta 11 ga watan juli shekarar 1996) ta kasance mai rubuta wakoki da rerawa yar asalin kasar kanada, tafara Dora wakokinta ta kafar sadarwa ta yutub tun tana yar shekara 13, Bayan saka wakoki na kwaikwayo kamar su **love yourself ** da **sweater weather ** a Saman kafar sadarwa. Ta saka hannun yarjejeniya tsakanin da kamfanin nishadi na **EP entertainments** da Kuma **Def jam Recordings ** a shekarar 2014 a lokacin ta fidda wakar ta Mai suna *here* a shekarar data biyo Bayan ta.
### MANAZARTA
Battle of dimawe

**Battle of Dimawe** Fada ne wada ya faru a tsakanin yan qabilar Batswana da kuma qabilar Boers a watan ogustan 1852. A kalkashin jagorancin Kgosu Setshele I Wanda shine shugaban yan qabilar bekwena, in da yan kabilar batswana ne suka samu nasarar yakin a wani tsaunin na dimawale.

## manazarta

# **^** Livingstone 1857, chpt. 2.
# ^ Jump up to:***a*** ***b*** ***c*** ***d*** Livingstone 1857, chpt. 6.
# ^ Jump up to:***a*** ***b*** ***c*** ***d*** ***e*** ***f*** ***g*** 
# **^** Fysh 2018.
# **^** Leonard 2006.
Asemonea stella

**Asemonea stella** wani nau'in gizo-gizo ne na tsalle-tsalle a cikin dangin Asemonea wanda ke zaune a Kenya, Afirka ta Kudu da Tanzaniya, kuma an gabatar da shi zuwa Ostiraliya. Yana bunkasa a cikin wurare da yawa, tun daga budadden kasar noma zuwa ciyayi na ruwa. An fara bayyana gizo-gizo ne a cikin 1980 ta Fred Wanless. gizo-gizo karami ne, tsakanin 3.1 da 3.64 mm (0.122 da 0.143 in) tsayi, mace gabadaya ta fi namiji girma. Yana da carapace mai siffar pear kuma ko dai rawaya a yanayin namiji ko kore a yanayin mace, yana auna tsakanin 1.28 da 1.46 mm (0.050 da 0.057 in) tsawon.

## Dabi'a
Duk da ana kiran su gizo-gizo masu tsalle, Asemonea gizo-gizo ba sa yin tsalle. Maimakon haka, gabadaya suna tafiya da gudu. Suna jujjuya igiyoyin igiya a karkashin ganyen, inda suma suke ajiye kwai. Ko da yake galibin mafarauci ne, amma gizo-gizo ma yana iya cin ’ya’yan zuma idan akwai. Yana amfani da nunin gani a lokacin zawarci kuma yana watsa siginar girgiza ta hanyar siliki don sadarwa zuwa wasu gizo-gizo.

## Manazarta
BBI Judgement

**Hukuncin BBI** wani muhimmin hukunci ne da aka yanke a babbar kotun kasar Kenya ranar 13 ga Mayu 2021, inda ta ayyana umarnin hukumar zabe da iyakoki ta Kenya (IEBC) daga ci gaba da na Shugaba Uhuru Kenyatta da Firayim Minista Raila Odinga mai ritaya.

## Manazarta
Gine-ginen Almohad

**Gine-ginen Almohad** ya yi daidai da wani lokaci daga ƙarni na 12 zuwa farkon ƙarni na 13 lokacin da Almohad suka yi mulki a yammacin Maghreb (Maroko a yau da yammacin Aljeriya) da kuma al-Andalus (babban ɓangaren Spain da kudancin Portugal). Wani muhimmin lokaci ne a cikin habɓakar gine-ginen Moorish na yanki (ko yammacin Islama) da aka raba a cikin waɗannan yankuna, ci gaba da wasu halaye na zamanin Almoravid da ya gabata da na gine-ginen Almoravid.

A lokacin Almoravid da ya gabace shi, ana ɗaukar lokacin Almohad ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman matakan haɓakar gine-ginen Morocan da Moorish, wanda ya kafa da yawa daga cikin nau'o'i da motifs waɗanda aka tsabtace su a cikin ƙarni masu zuwa. Manyan wuraren gine-gine da fasaha na Almohad sun hada da Fes, Marrakesh, Rabat, da Seville, da kuma muhimman masallatai a Taza da Tinmel.
Benin Air Force

**Benin Air Force**
shi ne reshen sabis na jiragen sama na rundunar sojojin Benin. An kafa ta ne a cikin shekarar alif 1960 lokacin da Benin ta sami 'yancin kai daga Faransa a matsayin sojojin saman Dahomey.
## Ƙungiya
Rundunar sojin sama na karkashin jagorancin babban hafsan sojin sama (Chef de d’Etat-Major des Forces Aériennes ko CEMFA). A ranar 14 ga Nuwamba, shekarar 2016, Laftanar Kanal Hermann William Avocanh aka nada a wannan mukamin.
## Manazarta
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benin_Air_Force#CITEREFWragg2003
Louis Lansana Beavogui

**Louis Lansana Beavogui**  (Disamba 1923 - 19 Agusta 1984) ɗan siyasan Guinea ne. Ya kasance Fira Minista daga 1972 zuwa alif dubu daya da dari tara da tamanin da tamanin da takwas 1984 kuma ya kasance shugaban rikon kwarya a 1984.  

## Manazarta
Sheila Keetharuth

**Sheila B. Keetharuth** ma'aikaciyar gidan rediyon Mauritius ce kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto na musamman na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan halin da ake ciki na 'yancin ɗan adam a Eritrea.  Ita ce Mataimakiyar Shugaba AAIL (Gabashin Afirka), An ba ta lambar yabo ta Madrid Bar Association Medal of Honor saboda aikinta na kare hakkin ɗan Adam a Afirka. 

## Ilimi
Keetharuth ya sauke karatu daga Jami'ar Buckingham, UK tare da digiri na shari'a da kuma digiri na biyu a Dokar 'Yancin Ɗan Adam ta Duniya da 'Yancin Jama'a daga Jami'ar Leicester, UK kuma an kira ta zuwa Bar Mauritius a cikin watan Janairu 1997.  Ta karanci dangantakar ƙasa da ƙasa da shari'a a Jami'ar Oxford tsakanin shekarun 1989 zuwa 1990.

## Sana'a
Keetharuth ta yi aiki a watsa shirye-shirye kuma ta yi aiki tare da Cibiyar Musanya Shirye-shiryen na Ƙungiyar Rediyo da Talabijin na Afirka (URTNA-PEC), Nairobi, Kenya, da Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Mauritius (MBC).   Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban AAIL (Gabashin Afirka) kuma ita ce Babban Daraktar na Cibiyar Kare Hakkokin Ɗan Adam da Ci Gaba a Afirka (IHRDA), wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta Pan-Afrika (NGO) da ke Banjul, Gambia. A shekara ta 2002, ta shiga kungiyar Amnesty International a matsayin mai bincike a ofishinta na yankin Afirka da ke Kampala, Uganda kuma ta kasance shugabar ofishin riko har zuwa watan Disamba 2005.  

## Manazarta
Filin Millett

Filin Millett (kuma Millet Field)  shine mafi tsufa, ana ci gaba da amfani da wurin shakatawa na jama'a a Chehalis, Washington kuma an fi lura da shi a matsayin gida ga Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Chehalis a farkon karni na 20. An yi amfani da filin kwallon a kai a kai a matsayin cibiyar cibiyar wasanni ta Chehalis na tsawon shekaru, gami da karbar bakuncin wasannin kungiyoyin Negro League da yawa a cikin shekarun 1920. Da yake a cikin gundumar Kasuwar Kudu ta birnin, wani toshe a arewacin Gidan O. B. McFadden da aka jera a NRHP, wurin shakatawa na 3.3 acres (1.3 ha) ya fara ne a shekara ta 1898.