Greville Texidor

**Margaret Greville Foster** (1902 - 20 ga Agusta 1964), wacce aka fi sani da sunanta na alkalamin **Greville Texidor**, marubuciya ce ta almara ta Ingila, wacce aka san ta da aikinta na rubutawa yayin da take zaune a New Zealand daga 1940 zuwa 1948.

Bayan ta yi yawo a duniya a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo da kuma fafatawa tare da mijinta a jam'iyyar Republican a yakin basasar Spain, Texidor ta yi gudun hijira zuwa New Zealand tare da iyalinta a farkon shekarun Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, an kore ta daga Ingila saboda asalin mijinta na Jamus da kuma siyasar ma'auratan masu tsattsauran ra'ayi.

A New Zealand, ta fara rubuta almara ta kuma shiga ƙungiyar adabi ta Auckland . Gajerun labaranta da littattafanta, waɗanda aka tattara bayan mutuwarta a cikin tarin *In Fifteen Minutes You Can Say a Lot: Selected Fiction*, ana ɗaukar su a matsayin muhimmiyar gudummawa ga zamanin wanzuwar ra'ayin addini a cikin kundin adabi na New Zealand.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Greville Texidor Margaret Greville Foster a shekara ta 1902 a Wolverhampton, Ingila .  

Bayan mahaifinta, William Arthur Foster, ya kashe kansa a shekarar 1919 a lokacin da aka samu wata badakalar shari'a, Margaret ta daina makaranta ta koma Landan don shiga duniyar fasaha a Hampstead . Mahaifiyarta, Editha Greville Prideaux Foster, da 'yar'uwarta, Kate, duk sun haɗu da ita, waɗanda dukkansu masu zane ne.    

### Rayuwar London da tafiye-tafiyen duniya
A Landan, ta fara aiki a matsayin mai tallan kayan kawa da kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo.  A shekarar 1924, ta fito a cikin fim ɗin *Moonbeam Magic* mai shiru, inda ta taka rawar Miriam kuma aka yaba mata a matsayin Margot Greville.  Daga nan ta yi rangadin Turai da Amurka a matsayin 'yar ƙungiyar mawaƙa, inda ta ɗauki saurayi mai ra'ayin yin waƙa a hanya.   

Tafiye-tafiyenta akai-akai sun sa ta haɗu da maza masu ban sha'awa iri-iri, kuma an yi mata aure sau uku: ga ɗan Birtaniya, ɗan Spain, da kuma Bajamushe.  Aurenta na farko ya ƙare bayan makonni biyu kacal. 

### Yaƙin Basasa na Spain
A Buenos Aires, 1929, Greville Foster ta auri mijinta na biyu, Manuel Maria Texidor i Catasus—wanda masu rubuta tarihin rayuwa suka kira "ɗan Spain"—kuma sun haifi 'ya mace, Cristina. Iyalin sun koma Spain, inda suka zauna a Barcelona da Tossa de Mar.     Yayin da suke Tossa de Mar, Greville ta yi soyayya da wani malami, Werner Otto Droescher ɗan Jamus. Greville ya nemi Manuel Texidor ya sake ta daga baya kuma ya auri Werner, yayin da yake riƙe da sunan Texidor. Greville da Werner sun yi yaƙi a gefen ' yan Republican a Yaƙin Basasa na Spain .   'Yar uwarta Kate (wanda yanzu aka sani da Kate Mangan ) ita ma ta zo Spain a wannan lokacin kuma ta yi aiki a Ofishin 'Yan Jarida na Harkokin Waje na Republican a ƙarƙashin Constancia de la Mora . 

A ƙasar Spain da kuma a Ingila, Texidor da mijinta sun yi aiki don taimakawa wajen sake tsugunar da 'yan gudun hijirar Sifaniya da Jamus.  

## Shekarun New Zealand (1940-1948)
A shekarar 1940, Texidor ya ƙaura zuwa New Zealand tare da Droescher, 'yar uwarta, da mahaifiyarta, waɗanda suka girma a New Zealand.  Bayan Texidor da Droescher sun dawo Ingila daga Spain, asalinsa na Jamus da kuma siyasar ma'auratan da ba su da tsari sun tura iyalin zuwa ga gefen al'ummar Birtaniya a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ; Texidor ya yi wata ɗaya a gidan yari a wannan lokacin.   An rarraba shi a matsayin "baƙi na abokan gaba na lokacin yaƙi," iyalin sun yi tafiya don fara sabuwar rayuwa a New Zealand. 

A lokacin da take can, Texidor ta zauna a Auckland, Northland Peninsula, da kuma North Coast .  A lokacin da take zaune a New Zealand, a shekarar 1947, ta haifi 'ya ta biyu, Rosamund, tare da Droescher.   

### Rubutu
Da zarar ta isa New Zealand, Texidor ta fara rubuta labaran almara a karon farko a rayuwarta.  

Ta shiga cikin harkar adabi ta Auckland a lokacin, inda ta sami jagoranci daga marubuci Frank Sargeson, wanda ya ci gaba da haɗa ta a cikin littafinsa na 1945 mai suna *Speaking for Ourselves.*  Duk da haka, dangantakarta da membobin wurin ba koyaushe take da haɗin gwiwa ba, kuma a wani lokaci ta riƙe wuka a makogwaron mawaƙi kuma mawallafi Denis Glover .  

Ta fara buga ayyukanta na gajerun labarai a cikin wallafe-wallafe a faɗin New Zealand, Ostiraliya, da Ingila, ciki har da *Anvil* da *Here & Now.*    Labarinta na 1942 mai suna "Home Front" shi ne aikinta na farko da aka buga a New Zealand; an ci gaba da wallafa shi sosai.  

Littafinta na farko, littafin " *These Dark Glasses"*, an rubuta shi ne a lokacin da take a New Zealand amma an buga shi a shekarar 1949, bayan ta bar ƙasar. *Waɗannan Dark Glasses* sun yi magana ne game da wata marubuciya 'yar gurguzu wacce ta taimaka wa 'yan Republican a Spain, yayin da ta karaya da yanayin ilimi na Kudancin Faransa.   A cikin littafin, Texidor ta hango "alamomin wanzuwa na gwagwarmayar rashin bege don hawa shingen da ba za a iya shawo kansu ba." 

A cikin aikinta, Texidor ta kawo wani babban ra'ayi mai cike da suka ga al'ummar New Zealand ta wannan lokacin, wanda ta samu a matsayin lardin.   Aikinta an siffanta shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na motsin adabi na rayuwa a New Zealand.  Masu suka sun bayyana rubutunta a matsayin wanda ke nuna "rashin jin daɗin lalacewa,"  kuma labaranta sun cika da "halayen da suka lalace [waɗanda] ba su da koyo ko koyarwa." 

Baya ga rubuce-rubucenta, Texidor ta fassara adabin Sifaniyanci zuwa Turanci, gami da waƙoƙin Federico García Lorca . 

## Mutuwa da gado
Texidor ta bar New Zealand zuwa Ostiraliya a shekarar 1948, kuma a shekarar 1954 ta koma Spain. Lokacin da aurenta ya ƙare a shekarar 1961, ta koma Ostiraliya, kuma ta mutu ta hanyar kashe kanta a wajen Sydney a watan Agusta na 1964.   

An tattara labaranta da littattafanta bayan mutuwarta kuma an buga su a shekarar 1987 a matsayin *In Fifteen Minutes You Can Say a Lot: Selected Fiction.*  An sake buga tarin a shekarar 2019 a matsayin Victoria University Press Classic. 

Duk da cewa Texidor 'yar Birtaniya ce, aikinta yana da alaƙa da New Zealand.  Ana gudanar da rubuce-rubucenta a ɗakin karatu na Jami'ar Auckland, kuma ana ɗaukar aikinta a matsayin wani ɓangare na kundin adabi na New Zealand.  

## Ƙarin karatu

* Schwass, Margot (2019). *Duk Makiyayan Juicy: Greville Texidor da New Zealand* . Wellington: Victoria University Press.  .

## Manazarta