Riane Eisler

**Riane Tennenhaus Eisler** (an haife shi a watan Yuli 22, 1931) ɗan Austriya ɗan ƙasar Amurika masanin tsare-tsare, ɗan gaba, lauya, kuma marubuci wanda ya yi rubutu game da tasirin jinsi da siyasar iyali a tarihi akan al'ummomi, da akasin haka. An fi saninta da littafinta na 1987, The Chalice and the Blade, wanda a cikinsa ta ƙirƙira kalmomin "haɗin gwiwa" da "mai mulki".  

Ta rubuta kuma an yi hira da ita a cikin labarai sama da 500. Ayyukanta an rufe su a cikin wallafe-wallafen daga Scientific American, Kimiyyar Halayyar Hali, Futures, Siyasa Psychology, The Christian Science Monitor, Challenge, and UNESCO Courier to Brain and Mind, Human Rights Quarterly, International Journal of Women's Studies, and World Encyclopedia of Peace, da kuma babi na littattafan da aka buga ta kasuwanci da jaridu na jami'a (misali Jami'ar Oxford, Cambridge da Jami'ar Stagford).

Eisler ya jagoranci faɗaɗa ka'idar haƙƙin ɗan adam da aiki don haɗa yawancin bil'adama: mata da yara.

Binciken nata yana ba da sabon hangen nesa game da baya, yanzu, da yuwuwarmu na gaba, gami da sabon tsarin zamantakewa da siyasa don gina ƙarin ɗan adam da ɗorewa duniya.

Sabbin ayyukanta sun zana daga kimiyyar zamantakewa da ilimin halitta, musamman ilimin kimiyyar ƙwaƙwalwa, yana nuna alaƙa tsakanin yara / iyalai, jinsi, tattalin arziki, da labari / harshe a matsayin ginshiƙan ko dai tsarin haɗin gwiwar haɗin gwiwa ko tsarin zamantakewa.

Binciken Eisler na ladabtarwa da yawa yana nuna yadda al'adun mulki ke haifar da rikice-rikice na yanzu, da yadda za a ƙaura zuwa mafi daidaito, dorewa, da kuma kula da duniya.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Eisler a Vienna a 1931 kafin iyalinta su tsere daga Nazis a 1939 zuwa Cuba. Ita da iyayenta sun zauna a wani karkara a Havana na tsawon shekaru bakwai, bayan haka suka yi hijira zuwa Amurka, zuwa Miami, New York, da Chicago kafin a ƙarshe su zauna a Los Angeles.

Eisler yana da digiri a ilimin zamantakewa da doka daga Jami'ar California. Ita lauya ce, masanin shari'a, masanin kimiyyar tsarin, kuma marubuci. Ta wallafa littattafai goma sha uku, ciki har da tarihin tarihi guda ɗaya, The Gate, wanda aka buga a 2000. Littafin ta na farko, wanda aka buga a 1977, shine Dissolution: No-Fault Divorce, Marriage, and Future of Women. Littafinta na biyu, wanda aka buga a cikin 1979, yana kan Kwaskwarimar Haƙƙin Daidaita.

Ta zana shekaru goma na bincike da yawa, a cikin littafinta na uku The Chalice and the Blade (wanda aka fara bugawa a 1987) ta ƙirƙira kalmomin "haɗin kai" da "mallaka" don kwatanta nau'ikan al'umma guda biyu. Waɗannan nau'ikan sun zarce nau'ikan zamantakewa na al'ada kamar dama/hagu, addini/na duniya, Gabas/Yamma, jari hujja/'yan gurguzu, da sauransu.

Ƙungiyoyin da suka dace da haɗin gwiwa suna da zaman lafiya, daidaito, daidaiton jinsi, dorewa, da kulawa. Ƙungiyoyin da suka dace da Dominator suna da halin jima'i da sauran nau'o'in cikin rukuni tare da matsayi na rukuni kamar wariyar launin fata da anti-Semitism, da kuma yaki na yau da kullum, lalata muhalli, da rashin dorewa.

Binciken Eisler ya yi nuni da ayyukan masana ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi Marija Gimbutas da Ian Hodder, da masanin ilimin ɗan adam Douglas Fry, da sauran su da yawa. Ya nuna cewa tsawon shekaru aru-aru yawancin al'ummomin ɗan adam an gina su ne akan tsarin haɗin gwiwa. Wannan yana nufin al'umma ta goyi bayan ikon ɗan adam don bayarwa, reno, da kuma dorewar rayuwa. An gudanar da kulawa ta musamman. Alhaki da kulawa da aka raba sune ma'aunin gwal. A cewar ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi, faduwar mulki ya faru tsakanin shekaru dubu biyar zuwa goma da suka wuce. Wannan digo ne a cikin guga na juyin halitta, kamar yadda Eisler ya lura.

Chalice da Blade sun sayar da fiye da 500,000 kuma an fassara su cikin kusan harsuna 30.

Binciken Eisler ya nuna cewa canji daga haɗin gwiwa zuwa mallake ya haifar da sauyawa daga cikin rukuni da halayen waje. Matsayin rukuni da alaƙa sun dogara ne akan abubuwa kamar jima'i, launin fata, da sauran bambance-bambance. Tashin hankali shine ginshikin kiyaye waɗannan matakan, kuma an gina shi cikin tsarin. "cinyewar yanayi," babban rashin daidaituwa, da kuma rage darajar aikin kula da mutane ya fara zama al'ada na kowa. Ayyukan kula da tsarin rayuwar mu na rayuwa kuma ba a cika kima ba, an ɗauke shi a banza, kuma an cire su daga tattalin arzikin kuɗi.

Tsarin mulki yana daidaita tashin hankali - daga iyalai masu cin zarafi, zuwa haɓaka tashin hankali a siyasar zamani, zuwa yaƙi mai lalata tsakanin al'ummomi. Tashin hankali ya zama hanya don ci gaba da iko akan wasu a matsayin al'adar zamantakewa.

Eisler a halin yanzu shine babban editan Jaridar Interdisciplinary of Partnership Studies a Jami'ar Minnesota. Ita ce babbar mai magana a taron duniya. Ta kuma jagoranci Cibiyar Tsare-tsaren Haɗin gwiwa - babban ɗakin karatu na bincike wanda zai iya ƙarfafa kowa wajen ƙirƙirar duniya mai dacewa da haɗin gwiwa.

## Cibiyar Kula da Tsarin Hadin gwiwa
A cikin 1987, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da marigayi mijinta David Elliot Loye, Eisler ya kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Haɗin gwiwa, wanda daga baya aka sake masa suna Cibiyar Tsarukan Haɗin gwiwa. Kungiyar ta " sadaukar da kai ga bincike, ilimi, da kayan aikin gini don gina tsarin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa wanda ke tallafawa 'yan adam da duniyar da ke damun mu".

Tun daga 2024, Cibiyar tana aiki azaman hanyar dijital na albarkatu, kayan aiki, haɗin kai, da al'umma da aka tsara don ƙarfafawa da ilmantar da mutanen da ke da hannu a cikin #PartnershipMovement a duk duniya.

## Tasiri
Nobel Peace Laureate, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, ya kira littafin Eisler The Real Wealth of Nations "a template for the better world we were very urgently seek", ya kara da cewa "wannan haske littafin ya nuna yadda za mu iya gina tattalin arzikin da za mu hadu da duka kayanmu da kuma ruhaniya bukatun. "

Jennifer Siebel Newsom, wacce ta yi amfani da taken "abokin tarayya na farko na California", ya rubuta game da littafin Eisler Nurturing Our Humanity "A cikin duniyar da ta fi dacewa da haɗari, rarrabuwa, kuma ba tare da daidaito ba, Rarraba Dan Adam ya zayyana taswirar hanyar duniyar da ke jagoranci tare da haɗin gwiwa - inda ake jin tausayi, kulawa, da al'umma fiye da kowa, kuma kowanne zai iya cika cikakkiyar damar ɗan adam. "

Ashley Montagu ta kira littafin Eisler The Chalice and the Blade "Littafi mafi muhimmanci tun lokacin Darwin's Origin of Species . "

Gloria Steinem ta kira littafinta Sacred Pleasure "Eisler mafi ban sha'awa, mai nisa, da kuma kyauta mai amfani - ga masu karatu da kuma duniya da dole ne ta canza ko ta hallaka. "

Mawallafin yara Raffi, ya kira littafin Eisler game da ilimi, *Yara na Gobe* "hanya ce zuwa ga al'umma mai girmama yara".

Marianne Williamson ta kira littafin Eisler The Power of Partnership "Mai ban sha'awa... taswirar duniya da ke aiki ga dukkanmu. "

Masanin falsafa Terence McKenna ya yi nuni da aikin Eisler a cikin rubuce-rubucensa da jawabinsa, gami da The Archaic Revival . A shekara ta 1988, Eisler da McKenna sun ba da jawabi mai taken Man And Woman At The End Of History tare a Ojai CA, Mill Valley . 

Marubutan da suka fara daga ƙuƙwalwar ƙaho zuwa Tao Lin sun yi amfani da kalmar Eisler mai iko.

Ana koyar da aikinta a manyan makarantu, jami'o'i, da wuraren koyo na kamfanoni, kuma ya rinjayi mutane a duk duniya.

## Kyaututtuka
Daga cikin kyaututtuka da yawa na Eisler sune:

* 2022 Cibiyoyin tausayi, Kyautar jin kai
* memba mai daraja, Club of Budapest (sauran membobin girmamawa sun haɗa da Mikhail Gorbachev) 
* Kyautar hangen nesa ta 2017Jaridar Mata
* 2014 Kyautar Pioneer, Cibiyar Jagorancin Mata
* 2009 Kyautar Jagorancin Zaman Lafiya, Gidauniyar Zaman Lafiya ta Nukiliya (wanda aka ba da kyautar ga Dalai Lama) 
* 2008 Digiri na Ph.D. na girmamawa, Cibiyar Saybrook
* 2008 An haɗa shi a cikin littafin Great Peacemakers da ya lashe lambar yabo da kuma karatun kan layi
* 2005 Digiri na Ph.D. na girmamawa, Jami'ar Case Western Reserve
* 2000 Kyautar Da'a, Gidauniyar Da'a da Ma'ana
* Kyautar Pioneer ta Dan Adam ta 1996
* 1996 Kyautar Ilimi ta Alice Paul ERA
* 1992 Kyautar Gidauniyar Shaler Adams don aiki a kan 'Yancin Mata a matsayin 'Yancin Dan Adam
* 1990 Kwamitin Taron Mata na Kasa Kyautar Torchbearer
* Kyautar Majalisa ta 1987 don Kyautattun Kyaututtuka
* Babban Jagoran Al'umma na Monterey
* Phi Beta Kappa

## Littattafan da aka zaɓa

* 1977 - Rushewa: Ba-Karewar Ba, Aure, da Makomar Mata. New York: McGraw-Hill. 
* 1979 - Littafin Hanyar Daidaitaccen Hakki: Abin da ERA ke nufi ga Rayuwarka, Hakkinka, da Makomar. A cikin garin Avon 
* 1987 - *Chalice da Blade: Tarihinmu, Makomarmu*. New York: Harper & Row. 
* 1990 - *Hanyar Hadin gwiwa: Sabbin Kayan aiki don Rayuwa da Ilimi, Warkar da Iyalai, da Duniya*. San Francisco: Harper. 
* 1995 - Jin daɗi Mai Tsarki: Jima'i, Labari, da Siyasa ta Jiki. San Francisco: Harper. 
* 2000 - Yara na Gobe: Tsarin don Ilimi na Hadin gwiwa a cikin karni na 21. Boulder: Westview Press. ISBC 0813390400
* 2000 - *Ƙofar*. IUniverse. 
* 2002 - Ikon Haɗin gwiwa: Dangantaka Bakwai da Za su Canja Rayuwarku. Sabon Laburaren Duniya. 
* 2007 - *Dukiyar Al'ummai ta Gaskiya: Samar da Tattalin Arziki Mai Kulawa*. Masu bugawa na Berrett-Koehler. 
* 2019 - Kula da Dan Adam: Yadda Mulkinmu da Haɗin Kai ke Siffofin Zuciya, Rayuwa, da Makomarmu. tare da Douglas P. Fry. Jami'ar Oxford Press. 
* 2023 - Fog Busters: Eyes of Care, labarin yara tare da Victoria Friedman . 

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* 
* Cibiyar Kula da Tsarin Hadin gwiwa