Leon Warnerke

**Leon Warnerke** (26 ga Mayu 1837 - 7 ga Oktoba 1900) ya kasance injiniyan farar hula na Poland kuma wanda ta bada gudunmuwa wurin kirkira fagen daukar hoto, mai fafutukar 'yancin kai, mai juyin juya hali kuma mai cin nasara. Leon Warnerke wani suna ne; sunansa na ainihi shi ne **Władysław Małachowski** .

## Farkon aiki
An haifi Małachowski a gundumar Kobryń na Gwamnatin Grodno a Daular Rasha ga Julian Malachowski da Theophilia (née Jakubowska). Yayinda ba a tabbatar da ranar haihuwarsa ba, kafofin sun ambaci 1827, 1830 da 1839. Małachowski, yayin da yake amfani da sunan Warnerke, ya yi iƙirarin cewa an haife shi a Weißkirchen a Daular Austriya, a ranar 27 ga Mayu 1837.  Ya kammala karatu daga St. Petersburg State Transport University">Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Sadarwa a St. Petersburg a 1859, sannan ya yi aiki a Vilnius a kan gina tashar jirgin kasa ta Petersburg-Warsaw . A shekara ta 1863 ya shiga cikin Tashin hankali na Janairu sannan ya zama memba na Gwamnatin Kasa a Vilnius . Bayan rushewar tashin hankali, 'yan sanda, a kan umarnin Janar M. Murawjow, sun ba da sammacin kama Małachowski tare da lada na zlotys dubu 10, sakamakon haka aka tilasta masa ya tsere daga kasar. Ya tsere tare da matarsa a cikin jirgin Ingila zuwa Burtaniya, yana ɗauke da fasfo na karya da sunan Warnerke. A kusa da 1870, ya zauna tare da matarsa da 'yarsa a London, kuma a ƙarƙashin sunan da aka canza - Leon Warnerke, ya fara bincike da zane a fagen daukar hoto. Ya zauna a London da St Petersburg, ya kafa masana'anta, "Photographic Laboratory Varnerke and Co.", St. Petersburg, a 31 Voznesensky Ave.,  wanda ya ƙera kayan aikinsa na daukar hoto. 

## Mai kirkiro
An yaba wa Warnerke a cikin 1875 tare da gano tasirin tanning na pyrogallic acid lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a ci gaban collodion, da kuma inganta " bushe" collodion emulsion, wanda ya zuba a kan takarda a cikin nau'in fim. Ya rufe takarda mai laushi a jere tare da yadudduka da yawa na collodion mai tsabta da kuma maganin gum arabic, wanda ta hanyar ya kafa tushe don collodion ko emulsion na gelatin mai kauri don a raba shi da sauƙi daga takarda kuma a canja shi har abada zuwa farantin gilashi mai laushi. Za'a iya amfani da mummunan abin da aka samu don yin tabbatacce, kamar gilashin gilashi. Kamfanin Warnerke ne ya samar da wannan kayan da ke da haske a cikin takardu da juzu'i, daga abin da aka yanke juzu'in zuwa hotuna 100 don ɗorawa ɗaya. Kodayake, Warnerke ya sami sakamako mai gamsarwa, tsadar samarwa mai yawa ya ragu da nasarar kasuwanci mafi girma fiye da matsakaici.

### Sensitometry
Nasarorin Warnerke sun haɗa da na'urar auna saurin farantin,  hanya ta farko mai inganci ta auna saurin farantin, wacce aka haɓaka a 1880, wanda a shekara mai zuwa aka amince da ita a matsayin ma'auni ta hanyar kwamiti na musamman kuma ya zama tushen daidaito a fannin kayan da ke da tasirin haske.  Ana iya ƙididdige lambar ƙimar gudu mai inganci don emulsion da aka bayar akan ƙwarewar farantin collodion da aka sani.  Na'urar auna hasken Warnerke an sanye ta da toshewar sinadarin calcium sulphide mai kuzari don tushen sa mai fallasa ta hanyar farantin gilashi mai murabba'i 25 na filayen da ke ƙaruwa da yawa, don haka ma'aunin shan haske ya ƙaru sau biyu a kowane digiri uku, kama da sikelin tsarin DIN na zamani. Ma'aunin hankali a cikin digirin Warnerke wani ma'auni ne da ake amfani da shi a Ingila kusan har zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, amma an yi watsi da shi a 1920. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

== Mai ƙirƙira ==
Warnerke ya yi nasarar yin jabun kuɗaɗen ƙasashen gabashin Turai da dama, musamman na ruble na Rasha, wanda aka tuhume shi a Marseilles, kodayake ba a same shi da laifi ba.   An yi zargin mutuwarsa a shekarar 1900 yana da shekaru 63, wataƙila ya yi ƙarya don guje wa kama shi. <sup>&#x5B; **'

## Manazarta