Damon Runyon

**Alfred Damon Runyon** (4 ga Oktoba, 1880  – 10 ga Disamba, 1946) ɗan jarida ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka kuma marubuci mai gajeren labari. 

Ya fi shahara da gajerun labaransa da ke bikin duniyar Broadway a birnin New York wanda ya samo asali daga zamanin Haramcin . Ga mutanen New York na zamaninsa, wani "hali na Damon Runyon" ya jggwo wani nau'in zamantakewa na musamman daga Brooklyn ko Midtown Manhattan. Siffar *Runyonesque* tana nufin wannan nau'in hali da kuma irin yanayi da tattaunawa da Runyon ke nunawa.  Ya buga labarai masu ban dariya da na tausayi na masu caca, masu hayaniya, 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, da 'yan daba, kaɗan daga cikinsu suna zuwa da sunaye "murabba'i", suna fifita sunaye masu launi kamar "Nathan Detroit", "Benny Southstreet", "Big Jule", "Harry the Horse", "Good Time Charley", "Dave the Dude", ko "The Seldom Seen Kid".

Salon yaren da ya bambanta ana kiransa da *Runyonese* : cakuda magana ta yau da kullun da kuma kalamai masu launuka iri-iri, kusan koyaushe a cikin lokacin yanzu, kuma koyaushe ba tare da takurawa ba. Ana yaba masa da ƙirƙirar kalmar " Hooray Henry ", kalma da yanzu ake amfani da ita a cikin Ingilishin Burtaniya don bayyana sigar babban aji na wani ɗan iska mai magana mai ƙarfi da girman kai.

Duniyar almara ta Runyon kuma sananne ce ga jama'a ta hanyar waƙoƙin *Guys and Dolls* bisa ga labaransa guda biyu, " The Idyll of Miss Sarah Brown " da "Blood Pressure".  Waƙar ta kuma aro haruffa da abubuwan da suka shafi labarin daga wasu labaran Runyon kaɗan, musamman "Pick The Winner". Fim ɗin *Little Miss Marker* (da sake yin sa guda uku, *Sorrowful Jones*, *40 Pounds of Trouble* da 1980 *Little Miss Marker* ) ya samo asali ne daga ɗan gajeren labarinsa mai suna iri ɗaya.

Runyon ya kuma kasance mai ba da rahoto a jaridu, yana ba da labaran wasanni da na gabaɗaya tsawon shekaru da dama a cikin wallafe-wallafe da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban mallakar William Randolph Hearst . Ya riga ya shahara da almararsa, ya rubuta wani labari mai suna "lokacin da ake ciki" game da bikin rantsar da shugaban ƙasa na Franklin Delano Roosevelt a 1933 ga Universal Service, wata ƙungiya ta Hearst, wadda aka haɗa ta da International News Service mallakar a 1937.

## Rayuwar farko

An haifi Damon Runyon Alfred Damon Runyan ga Alfred Lee da Elizabeth (Damon) Runyan.  'Yan uwansa a wurin haihuwarsa na Manhattan, Kansas, sun haɗa da 'yan jarida da dama.  Kakansa firintar jarida ne daga New Jersey wanda ya ƙaura zuwa Manhattan, Kansas, a 1855, kuma mahaifinsa shine editan jaridarsa a garin. A 1882 an tilasta wa mahaifin Runyon sayar da jaridarsa, kuma iyalin suka ƙaura zuwa yamma. Daga ƙarshe iyalin suka zauna a Pueblo, Colorado, a 1887, inda Runyon ya shafe sauran ƙuruciyarsa kamar yadda aka nuna a fim ɗin "Damon Runyon's Pueblo." A mafi yawan lokuta, ya halarci makaranta har zuwa aji huɗu kawai.  Ya fara aiki a fannin aikin jarida a ƙarƙashin mahaifinsa a Pueblo. A Pueblo na yanzu, an sanya wa Runyon Field, Damon Runyon Repertory Theater Company, da Runyon Lake suna don girmama shi.

## Shiga soja

A shekara ta 1898, lokacin da yake matashi, Runyon ya shiga rundunar sojin Amurka don ya yi yaƙi a Yaƙin Sifaniya da Amurka . A lokacin da yake cikin aikin, an tura shi ya rubuta wa *Manila Freedom* and *Soldier Letter* .

## Mai rahoto a jarida
Bayan aikin soja, ya yi aiki a jaridun Colorado, ya fara a Pueblo. Aikinsa na farko a matsayin ɗan jarida shine a watan Satumba na 1900, lokacin da *Pueblo Star* ta ɗauke shi aiki;  sannan ya yi aiki a yankin Rocky Mountain a cikin shekaru goma na farko na shekarun 1900: a *Denver Daily News*, ya yi aiki a matsayin "editan wasanni" (a yau "editan wasanni") sannan kuma a matsayin marubucin ma'aikata. Ƙwarewarsa ta kasance wajen bayar da rahoto kan ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru a Colorado. Ya ɗan jagoranci ƙungiyar ƙwararru a Trinidad, Colorado na ɗan lokaci.  A ɗaya daga cikin jaridun da yake aiki, an canza rubutun sunansa na ƙarshe daga "Runyan" zuwa "Runyon", wani canji da ya bari ya tsaya cak.

Bayan ya gaza a yunƙurin shirya gasar ƙwallon baseball ta ƙananan 'yan wasan Colorado, wadda ta ɗauki ƙasa da mako guda,  Runyon ya koma birnin New York a shekarar 1910. A cikin jerin sunayen 'yan wasan da ya rubuta a New York, editan *Amurka* ya cire "Alfred" kuma sunan "Damon Runyon" ya bayyana a karon farko. A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, ya yi rahoto game da ƙungiyar New York Giants da kuma damben ƙwararru ga ƙungiyar *New York American* .

Ya kasance marubucin wasan baseball na jaridun Hearst tsawon shekaru da yawa, tun daga shekarar 1911, kuma ƙwarewarsa ta gano abubuwan ban mamaki da na ban mamaki, a filin wasa ko a cikin rumfunan wasa, an yaba masa da juyin juya hali kan yadda ake rufe wasan baseball. Wataƙila a matsayin tabbaci, an zaɓe Runyon a matsayin lambar yabo ta JG Taylor Spink Award ta 1967 ta ƙungiyar marubutan wasan baseball ta Amurka (BBWAA),  wanda aka girmama shi a bukukuwan da aka yi a zauren shahara na wasan baseball na ƙasa a watan Yulin 1968.  Shi ma memba ne na ƙungiyar dambe ta duniya kuma an san shi da yin waƙar zakaran dambe James J. Braddock " Mutumin Cinderella ". Runyon yakan ba da gudummawar waƙoƙin wasanni ga *Ba'amurke* kan jigogin dambe da wasan baseball kuma ya rubuta gajerun labarai da muƙaloli da yawa.
 

## Caca
Caca, musamman a kan tsere na craps ko dawakai, babban jigo ne na ayyukan Runyon, kuma sanannen mai caca ne. Ɗaya daga cikin fassarorinsa daga cikin layin Mai-Wa'azi ya ce: "Tseren ba koyaushe yake ga masu sauri ba, kuma yaƙi ba ga masu ƙarfi ba ne, amma haka kuɗi mai wayo ke yin fare."

A matsayinsa na mai shan giya mai yawa tun yana saurayi, da alama ya daina shan giya jim kaɗan bayan ya isa New York, bayan shan giyarsa ya kusan sa shi rasa soyayyar matar da ta zama matarsa ta farko, Ellen Egan. Ya ci gaba da shan taba sosai.

Babban abokinsa shine akawu Otto Berman, kuma ya haɗa Berman a cikin labaransa da dama a ƙarƙashin sunan "Nadama, ɗan wasan doki". Lokacin da aka kashe Berman a wani hari da aka kai wa shugaban Berman, Dutch Schultz, Runyon ya ɗauki nauyin kula da lalacewar abokinsa da ya mutu, galibi ta hanyar gyara kurakuran da aka yi a jaridu, ciki har da wanda ya bayyana cewa Berman ɗaya ne daga cikin 'yan bindigar Schultz, wanda Runyon ya amsa, "Da Otto ya kasance mai tsaron gida mai inganci kamar yaro ɗan shekara biyu."

## Rayuwa ta sirri
A lokacin da yake birnin New York, Runyon ya yi soyayya kuma daga ƙarshe ya auri Ellen Egan. Aurensu ya haifi 'ya'ya biyu, Mary da Damon Jr. Wani marubuci na zamani ya yi tsokaci cewa "bisa ga ƙa'idodin zamani, Runyon miji ne kuma uba mai son jama'a." [1] A shekara ta 1928, Egan ta rabu da Runyon har abada ta koma Bronxville tare da 'ya'yansu bayan ta ji jita-jita game da rashin imanin mijinta. Kamar yadda aka san ta daga baya, Runyon, a shekara ta 1916, tana ba da rahoto game da hare-haren kan iyaka da aka kai wa ɗan fashin Mexico Pancho Villa a matsayin ɗan jarida ga jaridar Amurka mallakar William Randolph Hearst . Ya fara haɗuwa da Villa a Texas yayin da yake ba da rahoto game da horar da ƙungiyoyin jihar a lokacin bazara .

A lokacin da yake Mexico, Runyon ya ziyarci filin tseren da ke Ciudad Juárez, inda Villa take, kuma ya yi fare ta hannun wata matashiyar yariv6g6v6v6g6v6v6nya 'yar saƙo a cikin tawagar Villa. Yarinyar mai shekaru 14, wacce ake kira Patrice Amati del Gvrande, ta yi kuskuren sanya fare na Runyon a kan wani doki daban wanda duk da haka ya lashe tseren.  Ta shaida wa mai yin fare mai sa'a cewa tana son zama mai rawa lokacin da ta girma, kuma Runyon ya gaya mata cewa idan, maimakon haka, za ta je makaranta, wanda zai biya ta, za ta iya zuwa bayan kammala karatunta ta gan shi a New York kuma zai ba ta aikin rawa a birnin; Runyon ya biya kuɗin shigarta makarantar sufi ta yankin.  

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