Canjin yanayi a Austria

Canjin yanayi yana shafar yanayin zafi na Austrian, yanayi, yanayin halittu da bambancin halittu. Tun daga shekara ta 1950 yanayin zafi ya tashi da 1.8 °C, kuma a cikin shekaru 150 da suka gabata kankara sun narke, sun rasa adadi mai yawa na girman su. Canjin yanayin hazo, karuwar yanayin zafi, rage dusar ƙanƙara, narkewar kankara da kuma yanayin yanayi mai tsanani, kamar fari, ana sa ran tasirin canjin yanayi. Tsarin halittu da bambancin halittu a Austria suna fuskantar canje-canje saboda karuwar yanayin zafi da yaduwar nau'ikan thermophile, zafi da damuwa game da fari a kan dabbobi da tsire-tsire, karuwar nau'ikan baƙi da masu mamayewa da karuwar kwayoyin cuta da yaduwa na cututtuka.&nbsp;

Ana sa ran Tattalin arzikin Austriya zai shafi tasirin canjin yanayi sosai, wanda ke haifar da farashin Yuro biliyan 4.2 zuwa 5.2 a kowace shekara a tsakiyar karni. Abubuwan da suka fi faruwa akai-akai da kuma matsanancin yanayi suna haifar da karuwar farashi don sake ginawa da kiyaye ababen more rayuwa, ƙananan kwanaki tare da dusar ƙanƙara suna haifar da raguwar masu yawon bude ido na dare a cikin hunturu, kuma yawancin batutuwan kiwon lafiya masu alaƙa da zafi suna kalubalantar tsarin kiwon lafiya na Austrian.

Don magance tasirin canjin yanayi, ana aiwatar da kokarin ragewa daga wurare daban-daban. 'Yan siyasa suna shirin cimma matsaya ta yanayi a shekara ta 2040 a ƙarshe, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin yarjejeniyar hadin gwiwa. A matsayin wani ɓangare na Tarayyar Turai, Austria dole ne ta bi ƙoƙari don cimma burin fitarwa na Green Deal na Turai. Masu fafutuka galibi suna ganin kokarin ragewa yana da jinkiri sosai, kuma suna ƙoƙarin hanzarta su ta amfani da korafe-korafe, kamfen da zanga-zangar.

## Rashin iskar gas
Dangane da dabarun makamashi da yanayi na kasa na Austria don cimma bukatun Yarjejeniyar Paris, kasar ta shirya rage fitar da iskar gas da kashi 36% nan da shekara ta 2030 dangane da matakan 2005. A matsayin wani ɓangare na Tarayyar Turai, Austria tana da alhakin ba da gudummawa ga burin yanayi na EU na rage hayakin gas da kashi 55% har zuwa 2030 idan aka kwatanta da matakan 1990, wanda aka ƙaddara a cikin Green Deal na Turai. Don cimma wannan burin, an ba da shawarar cewa Austria ya kamata ta kara burinta na rage hayaki da kashi 48% nan da 2030. Bugu da ƙari, Gwamnatin yanzu tana shirin kawo Austria zuwa tsaka-tsaki na carbon a shekara ta 2040. 

Austria a tarihi ta fitar da tan biliyan 5.51 na CO2 sakamakon konewar man fetur da samar da siminti, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga rabon 0.32% na yawan hayakin CO2 na duniya.

Tebur mai zuwa yana nuna hayakin gas na Austria a cikin megatons na kwatankwacin CO2 a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, idan aka kwatanta da jimlar EU27 da hayakin duniya.

Teburin da ke ƙasa yana nuna hayakin gas na Austria a cikin tan na CO2 daidai da mutum a cikin shekarun da suka gabata idan aka kwatanta da hayakin kowane mutum na EU27 da duniya.

### Amfani da makamashi

Ƙarin buƙatun makamashi a cikin sufuri da gine-gine sun ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka fitarwa a cikin shekarun da suka gabata. Kashi 28% na makamashi na Austria ya fito ne daga sabuntawa, yana mai da Austria babban mai kunnawa a fagen, tare da man fetur da wutar lantarki shine mafi mahimmancin hanyoyin sabunta makamashi a Austria. Ba a samun Makamashi na nukiliya a Austria, saboda an dakatar da shi a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Austria. Dangane da burinta na zama tsaka-tsaki na carbon a cikin 2040, Austria tana aiki don zama gaba ɗaya dogaro da hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa a cikin 2030 - a cikin 2018 wannan rabon ya riga ya kasance 77%. Austria ta rufe tashar wutar lantarki ta ƙarshe a cikin 2020 kuma tana da niyyar kawo ƙarshen wutar lantarki da mai ta hanyar 2035.

### Sufuri
Samar da kashi 30% na hayaki a cikin 2019, bangaren sufuri shine mafi girman bangaren da ke ba da gudummawa ga canjin yanayi a Austria. Tun daga shekara ta 1990, hayaki a bangaren sufuri ya karu da kashi 52% kuma babu wani raguwa mai mahimmanci a gurɓata tun shekara ta 2005.  Mafi yawan hayaki yana da alaƙa da zirga-zirgar hanya da kuma motocin fasinja. Har ila yau, fitar da man fetur matsala ce, saboda ƙananan farashi idan aka kwatanta da ƙasashe makwabta, mutane sun ƙetare iyakoki don yin amfani da motocinsu a Austria. Wannan ya ba da gudummawa ga kashi 25% na hayaki a bangaren sufuri a cikin 2020.

Tare da 26 ga Oktoba, 2021, Ma'aikatar Tarayya ta Yanayi, Muhalli, Makamashi, Motsi, Innovation da Fasaha ta gabatar da abin da ake kira tikitin yanayi. Sayen wannan tikitin yana ba da damar amfani da duk hanyoyin sufuri na jama'a a duk ƙasar na shekara guda.

## Manazarta