open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Harsunan Savu

Ana magana da yarukan Savu, Hawu da Dhao, a tsibirin Savu da Ndao a Gabashin Nusa Tenggar  a kasar  Indonesia.

## Rarraba
Cappell (1975) ya lura da adadi mai yawa na ƙamus da ba na Austronesian ba da kuma siffofin nahawu a cikin yarukan Malayo-Polynesian na Gabashin Nusa Tenggara da Maluku, musamman a Hawu. Duk da yake yana magana ne game da wani abu da ba na Austronesian ba, Hawu ya bambanta da ka'idojin Austronesian cewa ya rarraba shi (da Dhao) a matsayin yaren da ba na Austrian ba. Ya ce

Koyaya, yanzu an yarda da shi gabaɗaya cewa Savu ba ta da bambanci fiye da sauran yarukan Malayo-Polynesian na Tsakiya, dukansu suna nuna ɓangaren da ba na Austronesian ba wanda ke bayyana yarukan Melanesian.

## Fasahar sauti
Harsunan Savu suna da sautuna iri ɗaya da ka'idojin damuwa. Suna raba ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta (ko watakila pre-glottalized) tare da yarukan Bima-Sumba da harsunan Flores da Sulawesi da ke arewacin arewa, irin su Wolio, da harsuna na Flores kamar Ngad'a suna da irin wannan tsawo na ƙwayoyin bayan schwa. Dhao yana da mafi girman kaya, amma har ma inda harsuna ke da ma'anar iri ɗaya, sau da yawa babu takarda ɗaya-da-ɗaya. Baya ga Hawu , Dhao ya fi ra'ayin mazan jiya. Hawu *s, *c ya sauya zuwa  a lokutan tarihi. Haɗin da ba a bayyane yake ba sune:

Don farko  a cikin Dhao, akwai bambancin dialectical tsakanin / São/ da  a cikin Hawu. Yawancin sauran consonants suna da takaddama ɗaya-zuwa-ɗaya, amma kaɗan (kamar , , da waɗanda ba na farko ) ba su da isasshen tabbaci don tabbatarwa.

## Wakilan sunaye
Wakilan sirri masu zaman kansu suna kama da juna.

## Manazarta
Clara Giveen

**Clara Elizabeth Giveen**, wanda aka fi sani da **Betty Giveen**, daga baya Mrs Betty Brewster (1887-1967) ta kasance 'yar Burtaniya ce. An san ta da harin konewa a kan babban wurin a Hurst Park Racecourse a 1913, da kuma kurkuku na "cat da linzamin kwamfuta".

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Giveen a shekara ta 1887 a Coleraine, County Londonderry, Ireland . A cewar tarihin rayuwarta na National Portrait Gallery, ta kasance mai tsattsauran ra'ayi ta hanyar shaida mummunan zalunci ga mata a hannun 'yan sanda a zanga-zangar Black Friday ta 1910 a waje da Fadar Westminster, kuma ta shiga Kungiyar Jama'a da Siyasa ta Mata (WSPU). 

Ta shiga cikin ayyukan WSPU da yawa, gami da zanga-zangar 1910 a Downing Street inda aka kama ta saboda hanawa amma ba a tuhume ta ba. An sake kama ta a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba 1911 kuma an ɗaure ta na kwanaki biyar saboda karya windows a ofishin kwamitin karamar hukuma. An sake kama ta kuma a ɗaure ta, a wannan lokacin na watanni huɗu, tare da Violet Aitken, don karya taga a shagon Jay a Regent Street a ranar 1 ga Maris 1912. 

A ranar 8 ga watan Yunin 1913, tare da 'yar wasan kwaikwayo da mai fafutuka Kitty Marion, ta kai hari kan wuta a babban filin wasa na Hurst Park Racecourse wanda ya haifar da (da bambanci) £ 7,000 ko £ 12,000 na lalacewa. Wannan ya kasance kwana huɗu bayan mutuwar Emily Davison a Epsom Downs Racecourse . An kama su biyu washegari kuma daga baya aka daure su na tsawon shekaru uku tare da aiki tuƙuru. Kamar yawancin 'yan mata da aka ɗaure a kurkuku, ta ki cin abinci kuma daga ƙarshe an sake ta a ƙarƙashin sharuddan Fursunoni (Rashin Lokaci don Lafiya) Dokar 1913. A cewar Shirin Zaɓin Mata, daga baya ta guje wa sake kamawa.

An ba Giveen lambar yabo ta yunwa "don jaruntaka" ta WSPU.

A shekara ta 1914, ta auri Philip Brewster, ɗan'uwan Bertha Brewster. Daga baya ta kasance mai aiki a Cibiyar Mata ta Peaslake .

## Manazarta
Harsunan Wotu-Wolio

**Harsunan Wotu-Wolio** rukuni ne na harsuna masu alaƙa da juna da ake magana a Sulawesi waɗanda ke cikin ƙungiyar Celebic na iyalin Austronesian.

## Rarraba
Harsunan Wotu-Wolio sun ƙunshi harsuna biyar waɗanda aka haɗa su cikin rassa uku:

* Kalao-Laiyolo, ana magana da shi a Tsibirin Selayar (South Sulawesi).
* Wolio-Kamaru, ana magana da shi a Tsibirin Buton (Kudancin gabashin Sulawesi).
* *Wotu*, ana magana da shi a gundumar Wotu (Kudancin Sulawesi) a arewacin bakin tekun Bone Gulf.

Duk da yake a cikin rarrabuwa na baya, Wolio, Laiyolo,  kuma daga baya kuma Wotu,  an haɗa su a cikin Ƙungiyar Muna-Buton,  Donohue (2004) ya nuna cewa bisa ga shaidar phonological, yarukan Wotu-Wolio sun zama rukuni na musamman na kansu. 

Mead (2003) ya haɗa da yarukan Wotu-Wolio a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin rassa shida a cikin Ƙungiyar Celebic.

Zobel (2020) ya lissafa harsunan Wotu-Wolio, wanda ya kira Southern Kaili-Wolio. Wolio, Kamaru, Kalao, da Loa' (Barang-Barang) sun zama *Tsibirin Kaili-Wolio* a cikin Kudancin Kaili- Wolio. Ledo yana da siffofin Kaili-Pamona da ilimin lissafi, yayin da ƙamus dinsa yafi asali ne na asalin Wotu-Wolio. A al'adance ana rarraba Mamuju a matsayin Kudancin Sulawesi, amma yana da Wotu-Wolio lexical substratum.

## Manazarta
Inan bint Abdallah

**ʽ bint ʽ** ( Arabic  , ya rasu a shekara ta 841)  fitaccen mawaƙi ne kuma wanda aka san shie  qiyan na zamanin Abbasiyawa, har ma da ɗan tarihi Abū al-Faraj al-Iṣfahāni na ƙarni na goma yana siffanta shi a matsayin kuyanga-mawa mawaƙi mafi mahimmanci a al'adar Larabci .  Daga baya ita ce kuyangar Haruna al-Rashid . 

## Tarihin rayuwa
ʽ an haife ta ne a matsayin *Mubalada* (ɗan mahaifin Larabawa da mahaifiyar bawa) ga ʽ-Allāh .  Ga bayyanarta, an bayyana ta a matsayin Blonde. An horar da ita a Yamāma . An sayar da ita ga Abū Khālid al-Nāṭifī, wanda ya kawo ta Baghdad.

A cikin kimantawar Fuad Matthew Caswell,Gidansa a gidan al-Nāṭifī sanannun mawaƙa da mazajen haruffa na lokacin sun ziyarta, ciki har da Abū Nuwās, Diʽbil al-Khuzāʽī, Marwān b. Abī Ḥafṣa, al-Abbās b. al-Aḥnaf da malamin al-Ma'mūn, daga cikin wasu, ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan jan hankali da ubangijin ta rasa kishi kuma ta yarda da sauƙi.Shahararren Inān ya sa Khalifa Hārūn al-Rashīd ya nemi ya sayi ta don shigar da ita a cikin matan Abbasid, amma ya ki farashin da al-Nāṭifī ya nema na 100,000 dīnārs. Koyaya, a kan mutuwar al-Nāṭifī, al-Rashīd ya sanya ʽ don siyarwa, don taimakawa wajen share bashin al-Nâṭifī. Ta hanyar wakili, al-Rashīd ya samo ta don dirhams 225,000 (a wannan lokacin 1 dinar ya yi daidai da dirhams 7). A matsayin ƙwaraƙwarar al-Rashīd, ʽ ta haifa masa 'ya'ya maza biyu, dukansu biyu sun mutu da ƙuruciya. Ta bi shi zuwa Khurāsān inda shi, kuma, ba da daɗewa ba, ta mutu.

## Ayyuka
An san ta da laifinta mai kama da rapier, wanda sau da yawa ya kasance jima'i ko ma lalata, kuma wannan zai kasance muhimmin bangare na shahararta / lalata. Babban bangare na tarin da ya tsira ya ƙunshi martani ga kalubalen mawaƙa maza a cikin gasa-capping. Wani muhimmin bangare na ayoyin da suka tsira shine tattaunawa tare da sanannen mawaki Abū Nuwās . 

## Misali
Kamar yadda Eric Ormsby ya fassara, daya daga cikin musayar ƙwarewa amma mai lalata tsakanin ʽ da Abū Nuwās yana gudana kamar haka: Wata rana ta tambaye shi ko yana da kyau a binciken; lokacin da Abu Nuwas ya amsa da alfahari cewa yana da kyau, sai ta ce, "Ka yi ƙoƙarin bincika wannan ayar:

:: Na ci mustard na Siriya a kan farantin mai yin burodi...
:: (akaltu ʽl-khardalah sh-shā"mi fī ṣafḥati khabbāzī...) 

Abu Nuwas ya karya layin zuwa ƙafafun mita kuma ya amsa:

:: Akaltu ʽl-khar...ti-tum ti-tum

wanda ke nufin:

:: Na ci wani shit ti-tum ti-tum...

Ma'aikatan da suka taru sun yi dariya sosai a kan kuɗin mawaki. Don kada a wuce shi, ya tambayi ʽ ko za ta iya bincika aya mai zuwa (maimakon rashin ma'ana):

:: Ka bar cocinka nesa da mu, Ya 'ya'yan mai ɗaukar katako...!
:: (ḥawwilū ʽannā kanīsatakum yā banī ḥammālati l-ḥaṭabi...) 

Ita ma dole ne ta karya ƙafafun ma'auni don samarwa:

:: *ḥawwilū ʽan* tum-ti tum-ti *nākanī*....

wanda ya fito kamar yadda

:: Ka kawar da tum-ti-tum-ti ya yi mini fuska...


## Littattafai da fassarori

## manazarta
Al-Fari'ah bint Shaddad

**Al-Fāriʿah bint Shaddād al-Murriyah** (Arabic) mawaƙiyar harshan Larabci kafin Islama, wanda aka lura da ita saboda kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan Mawaƙiyan Larabci na zamani, da kuma sanannen ɗan gajeren marthiyah da ta rubuta wa ɗan'uwanta Mas'ūd ibn Shaddād.

## Ayyuka
*marthiyah* na Al-Murriyah yana gudana kamar haka:
: Ya idona, ka yi karimci ga Masʿūd ɗan Shaddād
:: tare da kowane hawaye
::: wanda baƙin cikinsa ya bayyana.

: Ya duk wanda ya ga girgije mai walƙiya
:: cewa na kalli cikin dare
::: zubar da ruwan sama mai yawa a kan kogin
::: baƙar fata.

: Da shi zan shayar da kabarinsa ina nufin,
:: shi wanda kabarinsa yake ƙaunatacce a gare ni
::: ko da yake ba a fanshe shi ba.

: Mai ba da shaida a majalisun, mai gina gine-gine,
:: mai ɗaukar banners, mai ƙone madatsun ruwa,

: Kashe makogwaron raƙumi, kisan masu zalunci,
:: mai haske a kan tuddai, mai karya alaƙa,

: Mai magana da yawun, mai tayar da kayar baya,
:: mai hana ramukan ruwa, mai kawar da shakku,

: Mai haske a makiyaya, mai jimrewa da wahala,
:: mai zubar da tsoro, mai tsayi,

: Mai tara dukkan kyawawan halaye - kamar yadda duk wanda ya san shi ya sani -
:: kayan ado na abokan aikinsa, annoba ta mai zalunci.

: Ya Abū Zurārah, kada ku kasance mai nisa! 
:: Domin kowane matashi zai zama mai garkuwa wata rana
::: zuwa dutse da akwatin katako.

: Ya Banū Jarm. Shin ba ka abin sha ba wa fursunoninka? 
:: Bari raina ya zama fansa, O Masʿūd,
::: daga ƙishirwa mai ƙonewa!

: Mai motsawa na motsi mai faɗi
:: wanda ya biyo bayan ruwa mai yawa
::: bayan tafasa.

: Wanda ya bar abokin hamayyarsa da yatsunsu masu launin jaundized. 
:: da tufafinsa kamar dai
::: mulberry-spattered.

: Mai sayen ruwan inabi ga baƙi
:: wannan ƙonewa a cikin farfajiyarsa. 
::: ga matalauta,
:::: ruwan sama mai yawa na safe.


## Manazarta
Kalifancin sokoto

**Daular Sokoto,** wacce kuma aka fi sani da masarautar Musulmi,  ta kasance khalifancin Musulmai Ahlus Sunna a yammacin Afirka. Usman Dan Fodio ne ya kafa ta a shekarar 1804 a lokacin jihadin Fulani bayan fatattakar daular Hausa a yakin Fulani. Iyakar halifanci ya kai wasu sassan Kamaru, Burkina Faso, Nijar, da Najeriya a yau. Ya zuwa shekara ta 1837, Khalifanci yana da yawan mutane miliyan 10-20, ya zama daula mafi yawan jama'a a Yammacin Afirka. An wargaje ne lokacin da Turawan Ingila, Faransanci, da Jamusawa suka mamaye yankin a shekarar 1903 suka mayar da shi zuwa sabuwar kafuwar Arewacin Najeriya, Senegambia da Nijar da Kamaru.

## Manazarta
Anne Deane

**Anne Deane** (*c.* - 3 Yuli 1905) 'yar ƙasar Irish ce kuma 'yar kasuwa. 

An haifi Anne Deane Anne Duff a Ballaghaderreen, County Roscommon a kusa da 1834. Ita 'yar Joseph Duff ce da Monica Duff (née Dillon). John Blake Dillon shi ne kawunta na mahaifiyarta. Bayan rasuwar mahaifinta, mahaifiyarta ta mallaki kuma ta gudanar da shago a Ballaghaderreen, Monica Duff & Co Ltd. Ta sami ilimi tare da ɗan'uwanta daga mai koyarwa, inda Deane ta yi fice a lissafi. Yayinda take budurwa, ta yi amfani da lokaci tare da kawunta a Dublin, tare da saduwa da masu kishin kasa na lokacin. Shirye-shiryen da ta yi na farko na auren lauya daga Foxford, Edward Deane, mahaifiyarta ta hana shi. Bayan wani lokaci da kuma sa hannun kawunta, sun yi aure a watan Fabrairun 1864. 

Lokacin da kasuwancin mahaifiyarta ya fuskanci matsaloli, Deane ta koma Ballaghadereen, ta kasance a can bayan ta zama gwauruwa tun tana budurwa. Tana da ƙwarewa don gudanar da shagon, kuma a lokacin da ta gaji shi daga mahaifiyarta ita ce mafi nasara kuma mafi girma a yammacin Ireland. Lokacin da Andrew Kettle ya ziyarci ya lura cewa ita "mace ce mai ban mamaki wacce ta kasance a gida a kan shugabancin kasuwanci wanda yayi kama da cibiyar ba ta gari kamar Ballaghaderreen ba, amma lardin. " Deane ta ci gaba da hulɗa da waɗanda ta sani a Foxford. Lokacin da Agnes Bernard na Sisters of Charity ta koma Ballaghaderreen, Deane ya kasance fitaccen mai ba da gudummawa, yana ba da gudana mai yawa da kuma wani lokacin yana biyan kuɗin da za a isar da su.

Deane ba ta da 'ya'ya, amma ta shiga cikin tayar da matasan dangin kawunta John Blake da matarsa Adelaide bayan mutuwarsu a 1866 da 1872 bi da bi. Ɗansa, John Dillon, ya raba lokacinsa tsakanin Dublin da Ballaghaderreen, kuma ya ɗauki Deane a matsayin mahaifiyarsa ta biyu. Ta ba Dillon babban arziki, mai yiwuwa har zuwa £ 30,000, wanda ya ba shi damar yin aure. Deane ta kasance mai goyon bayan mulkin gida, tare da gidanta yana aiki a matsayin wurin taro ga masu kishin kasa na gida. Ta kasance daga cikin wadanda suka kafa kungiyar Ladies' Land League a watan Janairun 1881. An zaba ta a matsayin shugabar girmamawa, amma saboda kasuwancin da ta dauka mafi yawan lokacinta, ana kallon Anna Catherine Parnell a matsayin ainihin shugaban kungiyar.

Deane ta fadi a cikin 1904, wanda ya kai ta ga komawa gidan kula da tsofaffi na Sisters of Charity a kan titin Leeson, Dublin. Ta mutu a can a ranar 3 ga Yuli 1905, kuma an binne ta a Strade Abbey, County Mayo . John Dillon yana da rubutun da aka sanya a kan kabarinta yana nuna cewa ya ci mata komai.

## Manazarta
Victoria Luengo

**Victoria Luengo Saez** (an haife ta 7 Afrilu 1990), wanda aka fi sani da **Vicky Luengo**, 'yar fim ce ta Mutanen Espanya, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Ta sami karbuwa saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Riot Police (2020). 

Tun daga wannan lokacin ta fito a fina-finai kamar Girlfriends (2021), The Replacement (2021), *Cork* (2022), The Room Next Door (2024), da Family Affairs (2024), kazalika da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar Red Queen .

## Rayuwa da aiki

### Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Victoria Luengo Saez a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1990 a Palma na Mallorca,    amma bayan shekaru hudu ta koma tare da mahaifiyarta da ɗan'uwanta zuwa Barcelona,  inda ta girma. Ta yi sha'awar yin wasan kwaikwayo tun tana ƙarama, kuma ta sami rawar farko a wasan kwaikwayo a lokacin da take da shekaru 14. Ta yi karatun wasan kwaikwayo, rawa da waka a Makarantar Tunawa ta Barcelona.

### Farkon aiki
Ta fara fitowa a talabijin a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a Rumors (2006), daga baya ta sami manyan rawar talabijin na *Asibitin Tsakiya* da La pecera de Eva .  A shekara ta 2013, ta shiga wasan kwaikwayo na Una historia catalana, wasan da aka shirya a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Catalonia . 

Ta fito a matsayin jagora a cikin fim din talabijin na Faransa   (2011), wanda Jacques Malaterre ya jagoranta,  kuma tana fitowa a fina-finai kamar La Trinca: la biografía no autorizada [es] (2011), An haife ta (2014; wanda ta lashe kyautar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau a bikin fina-faran New York City na 2015),  Barcelona, noche de invierno [es] (2015)  The Laws of Thermodynamics (2018) da I'm Being Me (2020).

### Ci gaba da karfafawa
Ta yi fice a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Riot Police,  wanda aka watsa a cikin 2020 a kan Movistar+. Ta nuna Laia Urquijo, jami'in 'yan sanda na Harkokin Cikin Gida wanda dole ne ya bincika yiwuwar mummunar hali da ƙungiyar' yan sanda masu tayar da kayar baya suka yi yayin korar su.

A ranar 31 ga watan Agustan 2023, Luengo ta fara taka rawa tare da rawar da Tessa ke takawa a wasan kwaikwayo na Prima Facie a Teatros del Canal na Madrid,   inda ta sami lambar yabo ta 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma lambar yabo ta Talía don rawar. A lokacin wata hira da Cadena SER, ta bayyana sha'awarta ta zama sananne ga jama'a da sunanta na ainihi, Victoria, maimakon Vicky, wanda ta karɓa a farkon aikinta saboda ta ji a lokacin cewa Victoria sunan tsoho ne.

Luengo ta fito a matsayin babban mai bincike na IQ Antonia Scott a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen bidiyo na Reina Roja, wanda ya samo asali ne daga littafin Juan Gómez-Jurado .  An sake shi a watan Fabrairun 2024, jerin sun sami ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa,  amma Luengo ta sauka da zabar Iris Award don 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau don aikinta kuma an sabunta jerin don kakar wasa ta uku kafin a saki kakar wasa ta 2. 

A watan Satumbar 2024, an ruwaito cewa ta sanya hannu don yin tauraruwa tare da Javier Bardem a cikin Rodrigo Sorogoyen's The Beloved . 

## Hotunan fina-finai

### Fim

### Talabijin

## Godiya gaisuwa

## Manazarta
María Romanillos

**María Romanillos** (an haife ta a shekara ta 2004) 'yar fim ce kuma 'yar wasan talabijin ta Mutanen Espanya.

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Romanillos a shekara ta 2004 a Madrid, tana horo a makarantar wasan kwaikwayo ta Cuarta Pared da makarantar fim ta Primera Toma .  A cikin 2020, ta fara fitowa a talabijin, tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin 'yan sanda na Riot. Ta yi fim dinta na farko a cikin Claudia Pinto's The Consequences (2021),  tana wasa da yarinya da ta isa tsibirin da aka ware tare da iyayenta.  A cikin yanayi biyu (2021-22), ta fito a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na matasa na almara *Aljanna* . A shekara ta 2022, ta fito a fim din wasan kwaikwayo mai ban tsoro Staring at Strangers, wanda ya samo asali ne daga wani labari na Juan José Millás; ta nuna yarinya da ke zaune tare da iyayenta a cikin gida da ke damuwa da kasancewar baƙo wanda ba da gangan ba ya isa gidansu a ɓoye a cikin tufafi. Ta kuma fito a fim mai ban tsoro mai ban tsoro 13 Exorcisms (2022), tana nuna mai gabatarwa, yarinya 'an gano' da ke fama da cutar aljanu. A shekara ta 2024 ta taka rawar matashiyar da ke mafarkin samun damar yin rubutu a matsayin kawunta, sanannen marubuci, a La casa .  Ta kuma taka rawar jikokin Luis Bermejo na Norberto, wata mace da ta makale a jikin mutum, a *Norberta*.

A cikin 2024, ta rufe fim mai ban tsoro El cuento del lobo (a matsayin mace mai tsaftacewa)  kuma ta shiga cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na matasa na Netflix *Olympo* . 

## Hotunan fina-finai

### Fim

### Talabijin

## Godiya gaisuwa

## Manazarta
Yakin Begums

A siyasar Bangladesh, kalmar **yakin Begums** (Bengali: বেগমদের যুদ্ধ) tana nufin adawar siyasa tsakanin Sheikh Hasina Wazed ta Awami League da takwararta Begum Khaleda Zia ta Jam'iyyar Nationalist

## Tarihi
Rikicin siyasa tsakanin Awami League da Jam'iyyar Nationalist Party ya samo asali ne tun kafin samun 'yancin kai na Bangladesh inda batun wanda ya yi shelar 'Yancin Bangladesh, a cewar majiyoyi da yawa Sheikh Mujibur Rahman mahaifin Sheikh Hasina wanda ya shelanta 'yancin kai na Bangladesh amma ga wasu Ziaur Rahman shi ne mijin Khaleda Zia. Dangane da wadannan sabani shekaru da dama da suka gabata an yi ta adawa a tsakaninsu wanda ya haifar da tarzoma a cikin kasa.

## Bayan
A tsawon shekaru, amfani da kalmar ya ragu yayin da Sheikh Hasina ke kan karagar mulki tun 2009 kuma yayin da Khaleda ke tsare da shi na tsawon lokaci a sakamakon haka mutane da yawa sun yi imanin cewa Hasina ce kawai ta lashe wannan hamayyar siyasa har Hasina ta tsere zuwa Indiya a tashin hankalin dalibai a ranar 5 ga Agusta, 2024.

## Manazarta
Matria

***Matria*** fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na zamantakewar jama'a na Mutanen Espanya na 2023 wanda Álvaro Gago ya jagoranta (a farkon fasalinsa) wanda taurari María Vázquez suka fito. An haska shi a cikin Galician.

## Bayani game da shi
An kafa shi a wani kauyen kamun kifi na Galician, makircin ya biyo bayan halin Ramona, wata mace mai aiki da ba ta da tabbas a kudi da ke gwagwarmaya don ci gaba da tafiya.

## Ƴan Wasan shirin
* María Vázquez as Ramona
*  as Andrés
* Soraya Luaces as Estrella
* E.R. Cunha "Tatán" as Xosé
* Susana Sampedro as Carme

## Fitarwa
Labarin ya samo asali ne daga rayuwar Francisca Iglesias, wata mace da ta kula da kakan Gago, kuma wacce ta fito a cikin gajeren fim din Gago mai suna. María Vázquez ta ɗauki matsayin mai gabatarwa (Ramona) don fim ɗin, tana wasa da ƙaramin hali. Iglesias tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a fim din. Fim din ya fito ne daga Pontevedra's Matriuska Producciones, Madrid's Avalon PC, Valencia's Elastica Films, da Barcelona's Ringo Media. An harbe ta gaba ɗaya a Galician, María Vázquez (wanda ya girma a lardin Lugo) ya fuskanci ƙalubalen daidaita Galician ta da iri-iri daga Rías Baixas . 

## Saki
Fim din ya fara fitowa a duniya a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 2023 a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Berlin na 73, wanda aka nuna a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen Panorama na bikin. Kafin fitowar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na cikin gida, an gabatar da shi a bikin fina-finai na 26 na Málaga a ranar 11 ga Maris 2023.  An sake shi a wasan kwaikwayo a Spain a ranar 24 ga Maris 2023 ta hanyar Avalon.

## Karɓuwa
Jonathan Holland na ScreenDaily, yana gargadi cewa "duk wanda ke neman labarin da ya dace, wanda ya saba wa rashin daidaituwa da aka fada ta idanun wanda aka azabtar da rashin adalci ya zo wurin da bai dace ba", ya nuna daya daga cikin mahimman kyawawan halaye na fim din shine cewa [mai gabatarwa] "yana da kuskure kuma yana lalata kansa".

Marta Bałaga na Cineuropa ta yi la'akari da fim din a matsayin "a maraba da fim din zamantakewa", in ba haka ba yana nuna wani mai gabatarwa [Ramona] wanda "yana jin gaskiya da *nishaɗi* don bi, duk da cewa mutum na iya rasa numfashi".

Andrea G. Bermejo na Cinemanía ya kimanta *Fim din* 31⁄2 daga cikin taurari 5, la'akari da cewa Vázquez ya ƙusa kowannensu da nuances na halinta.

## Godiya gaisuwa

 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin fina-finai na Mutanen Espanya na 2023

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

*
Kungiyar Ma'aikatan Gambiya

**Kungiyar Ma'aikatan [[Gambiya]]**, ana takaita sunan ƙungiyar da (GWU), babbar ƙungiya ce a  cikin ƙasar ta Gambiya.

## Tarihi
M.E. Jallow ne ya kafa GWU a shekarar 1956, Kuma shine Sakatare Janar na farko na ƙungiyar. Ƙungiyar ta yi rajista a hukumance a watan Yulin shekarar 1958. Da farko an shirya haɗa ma'aikatan ɓangaren gine-gine, ƙungiyar ta girma a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 bayan nasarorin da aka samu tare da ma'aikatan tashar jiragen ruwa waɗanda suka sami ingantaccen albashi da karin alawus.: A shekara ta 1959, ƙungiyar ta haɗu da Kungiyar Kwadago ta Gambiya (GLU), kodayake an soke wannan gamin-bizar jim kaɗan bayan haka saboda bambance-bambance game da 'yancin kai da alaƙar ƙungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya. A shekara ta 1977, gwamnatin ƙasar ta janye takardar izinin shaidar rajistar ƙungiyar bayan gazawar gabatar da asusun ƙungiyar ga gwamnatin.

## Dubi kuma

* Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof
* Kungiyar Kwadago ta Bathurst

## Manazarta
Ƙungiyar Kwadago ta Kasa

**Ƙungiyar Kwadago ta Kasa** (NOTU) ita ce babbar cibiyar ƙungiyar kwadago ta ƙasa a Uganda tare da ƙungiyoyi 25 da ke wakiltar ma'aikata 935,000 a shekarar 2018.

## Abokan hulɗa da membobin

## Manazarta
Wetland (fim)

**Wetland (Spanish:  Lodo;  transl. 'The Mud')** fim ne mai ban tsoro na Mutanen Espanya na shekarar 2021 wanda Iñaki Sánchez Arrieta ya jagoranta wanda taurari Raúl Arévalo da Paz Vega tare da Joaquín Climent, Roberto Álamo da Susi Sánchez .

## Bayani game da shi
Wani masanin ilimin halitta ya koma ƙasarsa a cikin mummunan fari kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya kare muhalli, amma ya fuskanci adawa daga mazauna yankin.

## Ƴan Wasan Fim
* Raúl Arévalo as Ricardo
* Paz Vega as Claudia
* Joaquín Climent as Eusebio
* Roberto Álamo as Tomás
* Susi Sánchez as Francisca
*  as Inspector Baños
* Daniela Casas

## Fitarwa
Sunrise Pictures ne suka samar da fim ɗin tare da El Lodo la película AIE, tare da haɗin gwiwar Telespan 2000, tare da shiga À Punt Media da tallafi daga Institut Valenciá de Cultura .  An haska shi a cikin wurin shakatawa na La Albufera da kewayenta.

## Saki
Fim din ya nuna a matsayin fim na budewa na 36th  [es] a watan Oktoba 2021.  An rarraba ta hanyar Vértice, an fara shirya shi ne don fitowar wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 29 ga Oktoba 2021 a Spain. An dakatar da ranar fitarwa zuwa 10 ga Disamba 2021.

## Karɓuwa
Toni Vall na Cinemanía ya kimanta *Fim din* 31⁄2 daga cikin taurari 5, yana jaddada shi "labari ne mai ban sha'awa na tashin hankali da sukar zamantakewa".

Manuel J. Lombardo na Diario de Sevilla ya zira kwallaye 2 daga cikin taurari 5 yana kimanta cewa fim din ya shiga cikin kansa a cikin tasirinsa na musamman da kuma motsi mai ban sha'awa.

Elsa Fernández-Santos na El País ta yi la'akari da cewa fim din bai ba da gudummawa ga matsalar muhalli da halin Susi Sánchez ya haifar ba kuma "ya kasance a cikin kwatanci na ruwa mai laka, na mutanen ƙauye da na birni".

Raquel Hernández Luján na HobbyConsolas ya zira kwallaye 68 daga cikin maki 100 ("an yarda"), yana rubuta cewa fim din "yana aiki da kyau a matsayin kiran farkawa kan batutuwan muhalli kuma yana sarrafawa don amfani da shimfidar wurare don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai ban tsoro", yayin da yake ambaton cewa bangaren mai ban tsoro na fim din yana aiki a cikin fits da farawa kuma akwai wasu haruffaji na biyu da ke lalata labarin.

## Godiya gaisuwa

## Duba kuma

* Jerin fina-finai na Mutanen Espanya na 2021

## Manazarta
Fatima al-Suqutriyya

**Fāṭima bint Aḥmad Muḥammad al-Jahḍamī** ( Arabic   ), wanda aka fi sani da **Fāṭima al-Suqutriyya** ( Arabic  , Fatima the Socotran) kuma ana yi masa laqabi da **al-Zahra** bisa sifar ‘yar Manzon Allah Fāṭima, wadda *al-Zahra* ('mai haskakawa') ta kasance sanannen almara,  marubuci ne kuma mawaƙi na  kasar Yemen wanda ta  rayu a tsibirin Socotra a ƙarni na uku bayan hijira (816-913 CE).  Ana tsammanin ita ce farkon sanannen mawaƙin Socotran. 

## Tarihin rayuwa
Ba a san komai game da al-Suqutriyya ba. An yi zaton an haife ta ne a tsibirin Socotra, a cikin karni na uku AH. Ta kasance mawaki kuma tana da alaƙa da Sultan al-Qāsim bin Muḥammad al-Jahḍamī, mai mulkin tsibirin Socotra na Yemen . Habashawa ne suka kashe shi wadanda suka kai hari tsibirin. Al-Suqutriyya ya rubuta Kasida ga Imam al-Ṣalt ibn Mа̄lik, wanda ya ɗauki Imamate na Oman a cikin 273 AH / 886 AZ, yana neman taimako daga gare shi. An aika waƙar ta teku kuma wani masunta ne ya same ta wanda ya ba da ita ga imam. Imam ya aika da jiragen ruwa ɗari zuwa Socotra, inda ya ci sojojin Habasha a Socotra.  

Al-Suqutriyya ya mutu wani lokaci bayan shekara ta 273 AH / 886 AZ.

## Ayyuka
An san Al-Suqutriyya da dogon waka da aka danganta da ita, wanda aka yi wa al-Ṣalt ibn Mа̄lik . Bude waka tana gudana
 

## Karɓar baƙi
Al-Suqutriyya an dauke ta murya mai ɓace a cikin wallafe-wallafen Oman, wanda aka sake gano aikinsa a karni na ashirin. A cikin kimantawa na Serge D. Elie, waka taalama ce ta farko ta rubuce-rubuce - ko kuma mafi dacewa, tashin hankali na magana - wanda aka danganta ga Soqotran, kuma saboda haka shine tushen alfahari tsakanin Soqotrans. Koyaya, yayin da wannan waka ta zama wani ɓangare na sanannen 'tarihin' - wannan haɗuwa ta musamman ta magana da karatu da rubutu, wanda ya haifar da haɗuwa da gaskiya da fiction - an yi imanin cewa lamarin ya faru ne a lokacin Portuguese, kuma ta hanyar tsari na osmosis (kamar yadda karatu da rubutu ya kasance matsala) ya mamaye al'ada kuma ya tsara ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.Labarin Al-Suqutriyya da waƙarta sun fito ne a cikin wani labari na "Tarihi da Tarihi (Omani Personalities Immortalized by History) " wanda Dr. Hamid Al-Nawfali ya gabatar don Al-Ru'ya TV. Wannan shirin ya zama mai kawo rigima lokacin da aka watsa shi a Socotra, saboda ya yi iƙirarin cewa Al-Suqutriyya ta fito ne daga Oman. Wani mazaunin tsibirin, Abdul Karim Qabalan, ya kira kamfanin talabijin don neman gafara. A cikin 2016, marubucin littafin Munir Talal ya sake ba da labarin waka.

## Bayani

## manazarta
Sinéad na Valera

**Sinéad na Valera** (née Ní Fhlannagáin; 3 Yuni 1878 - 7 Janairu 1975) marubuciya ce ta Irish ta littattafan yara da yawa a cikin Irish da Ingilishi. Ta auri Taoiseach kuma shugaban Ireland na uku, Éamon de Valera .

## Tarihi
An haife ta Jane O'Flanagan a Balbriggan, County Dublin . Mahaifinta, Laurence, masassaƙi ne kuma ɗan asalin Kildare ne wanda ya koma Balbriggan kuma ya auri yarinya ta yankin, Margaret Byrne . Ma'auratan sun yi hijira zuwa Birnin New York, inda aka haifi 'yarsu Mary a shekara ta 1871. Iyalin sun koma Balbriggan a 1873, kuma an haifi Sinéad a can a 1878. Ta horar da ita a matsayin malama kuma ta fara aiki a Edenderry, kafin ta dauki matsayi a wata makarantar kasa a Dorset Street, Dublin a kusa da shekara ta 1901.

## Marriage and children
A lokacinta na hutu, ta koyar da Irish a Kwalejin Leinster na Gaelic League a Parnell Square .  Ɗaya daga cikin ɗalibanta na Irish ita ce Éamon de Valera, sannan malamin lissafi. A ranar 8 ga Janairun 1910, sun yi aure. Tare suna da 'ya'ya maza biyar, Vivion, Eamon, Brian, Rúaidhrí da Terence (Terry), da' ya'ya mata biyu, Máirín da Emer. A ranar 9 ga Fabrairu 1936, Brian, wanda ke da shekaru ashirin, ya mutu a hatsarin hawa a filin Phoenix.

Saboda haɗuwa da ɗaurinsa, ayyukan siyasa, da yawon shakatawa na tara kuɗi na Amurka, iyalin sun ga kaɗan daga Éamon de Valera a cikin 1916 zuwa 1923. Ya kuma kasance daga gida akai-akai a farkon shekarun aikinsa na siyasa. Sinéad de Valera ta taka rawar gani a cikin jama'a a lokacin shekaru hamsin da mijinta ya yi a rayuwar jama'a.

## Bayanan wallafe-wallafen
Sinéad de Valera ta rubuta littattafai talatin da daya ga yara, a cikin Turanci da Irish.Daga cikin ayyukanta akwai wasan kwaikwayo kamar *Cluichidhe na Gaedhilge* (1935) da tarin labarai kamar The Emerald Ring da Sauran Labaran Irish (1951), The Stolen Child da Sauran Labaru (1961), The Four-leafed Shamrock (1964) da The Miser's Gold (1970). 

## Matar shugaban kasa
An rantsar da mijinta a matsayin Shugaban Ireland a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1959, kwana biyu bayan ya yi ritaya a matsayin Taoiseach . Nan da nan suka zauna a Áras an Uachtaráin . Ta kasance ba ta gamsu da sabon rawar da ta taka ba amma ta yarda cewa "ya kamata ta yi farin ciki idan kawai don [mijinta]". "

## Mutuwa
Sinéad de Valera ta mutu a ranar 7 ga watan Janairun 1975, tana da shekaru 96, ranar da za ta kasance ranar cika shekaru sittin da biyar na auren de Valeras. Éamon de Valera ya mutu kasa da watanni takwas bayan haka, a ranar 29 ga watan Agusta 1975, yana da shekaru 92. An binne ma'auratan tare, tare da ɗansu Brian, a Kabari na Glasnevin na Dublin.

## Manazarta
Suchir Balaji

**Suchir Balaji** (Nuwamba 21, 1998 – Nuwamba 26, 2024) wani masanin bincike ne a fannin fasahar basira ta wucin gadi (AI) daga Amurka, wanda ya mutu ta hanyar kashe kansa bayan da ya zargi tsohon mai aikinsa, OpenAI, da karya dokar haƙƙin mallaka ta Amurka.

Mutuwarsa ta jawo hankalin duniya bayan iyayensa da wasu fitattun 'yan Amurka sun yi iƙirarin cewa akwai wani shiri a bayan mutuwarsa saboda matsayinsa na mai tona asiri. Hukumar 'yan sandan San Francisco ta ce ba ta samu wata shaida da ke nuna wata dabara ko makirci a cikin bincikenta ba. Ofishin Binciken Likitanci na San Francisco ya tabbatar da cewa mutuwarsa ta faru ne sakamakon kashe kansa.

## Sana'a
Balaji ya shafe kusan shekaru huɗu yana aiki a OpenAI a matsayin mai bincike a fannin AI. Ya taka rawar gani a tarin bayanan yanar gizo da aka yi amfani da su wajen koyar da GPT-4, kuma ya taimaka wajen gina WebGPT. John Schulman, wanda ya kafa OpenAI, ya ce "ba za a sami nasarar aikin ba ba tare da gudunmawar Balaji ba.”

## Mutuwa
A ranar 26 ga Nuwamba, 2024, 'yan sanda sun same shi matacce a gidansa da harbin bindiga a kansa.

Binciken likitoci ya nuna cewa ya kashe kansa kuma ya sha giya da amphetamine kafin mutuwarsa.

## Manazarta
Nick Venema

**Nick Venema** (an haife shi 9 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta 1999) ƙwararren ɗan ƙasar Holland ne  ƙwallon ƙafa wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [Almere City a kan aro na tsawon kakar wasa. 
====Lamuni ga NAC Breda====
A ranar 27 ga Agusta 2020 ya shiga NAC Breda akan lamuni na tsawon lokaci. Ya buga wasanni 32 a kakar wasa ta bana inda ya zura kwallaye biyar, yayin da NAC ta kasa tsallakewa zuwa gasar Eredivisie a wasan karshe na wasan.
#### Komawa Utrecht
Venema ya koma Utrecht gabanin 2021 – 22 kakar, inda ya sake zama wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar ajiyar Jong FC Utrecht. A can, ya ɗauki sabon matsayi a matsayin gogaggen ɗan wasan a ƙarƙashin kocin Darije Kalezić.
### VVV-Venlo
A ranar 24 ga Disamba, 2021, an ba Venema aro ga [VVV-Venlo]] na sauran kakar. A ranar 22 ga Yuni 2022, yarjejeniyar ta kasance ta dindindin kuma Venema ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru uku tare da kungiyar.
### Valenciennes
On 15 August 2023, VVV-Venlo announced Venema's transfer to French club Valenciennes.
## Aikin kasa da kasa
Venema ta yi karo da tawagar Netherlands U17 a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu 2016 a wasan sada zumunci da Portugal. Ya buga mintuna 70 na wannan wasan, kuma wasan ya kare da ci 1-1. Wasan sa na U19 na farko ya zo ne a ranar 30 ga Agusta 2017 a cikin rashin nasara da ci 2 – 1 a Belgium. Minti 18 kawai ya buga na wancan wasan. Kwallayen da ya ci na farko da na biyu a wasan kasa da kasa sun zo ne a wasa daya, wasan sada zumunci da Finland. Wasan dai ya kare ne da ci 9 – 0 inda Netherlands ta samu nasara, inda Venema ta ci ta 8 da 9 a minti na 80 da 90. Ya buga minti 18 kacal na wannan wasan shima.
## Kididdigar sana'a

## Manazarta
Hamda bint Ziyad al-Muaddib

**Ḥamda bint Ziyād al-Muʾaddib** (Arabic)ta kasance mawakiya ce ta kasar  Andalusian a ƙarni na goma sha biyu daga Guadix, 'yar'uwar Zaynab bint Ziyad al-*mu'addib*, kuma jami'in diflomasiyya na ƙarni na sha bakwai Mohammed ibn abd al-Wahab al-Gsani ya bayyana ta a matsayin 'ɗaya daga cikin mawaƙan Andalus. Ta shahara ne a wannan yankin kuma daga cikin su duka mawaƙan ƙasar.' Tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan kalilan da ake kira mawaƙan mata na Moorish.

## Misali
Ɗaya daga cikin misalai na aikin Hamda shine waka da AJ Arberry ya ambata a matsayin 'Beside a Stream', wanda aka bayar a nan a cikin fassararsa: 

:: Na zauna kusa da rafi
:: Daga mafi girman sha'awa,
:: Kuma tare da hawaye da aka bayyana
:: Asirin ƙirjina.

:: Yankin emerald
:: Game da kowane kogi da aka mirgine,
:: Kuma kowane zagaye na ciyawa
:: Raunin kogi na azurfa.

:: Daga cikin gazelles masu jin kunya
:: Ya gudu kyawawan yara, wanda sihirinsu
:: Ya bautar da hankalina, wanda fasaharsa
:: Bewitching ya sace zuciyata.

:: Sun yi barci da idanunsu
:: Amma don wani dalili mai zurfi
:: Wanda (kamar yadda mai ƙauna na gaskiya ya sani) 
:: Ka musanta ni duka.

:: Sun bar gashin kansu ya faɗi
:: Kuma a can, kamar yadda na tuna,
:: A cikin sararin samaniya mai duhu
:: Na ga wata ya tashi.

:: Da asuba, sun mutu
:: Ɗan'uwa ƙaunatacce, mai baƙin ciki
:: Don asarar da ta yi baƙin ciki, da kuma haka
:: Ka sanya tufafin baƙin ciki.

Ana iya kwatanta wannan da fassarar Nabil Matar na wannan waka: 

:: Hawaye sun yaudari asirin da na yi a cikin *Wadi* wanda kyakkyawa ce mai ban mamaki;
:: Kogin ya kewaye kowane ciyawa; kuma kowane ciyawa yana iyaka da kowane *Wadi*;
:: Daga cikin gazelle, wani baƙar fata ya sace hankalina, bayan ya sace zuciyata;
:: Tana so ta kwanta saboda wani dalili, kuma wannan dalili yana hana barci na.
:: Lokacin da ta saki tufafinta, na ga cikakken wata a cikin baƙar girgije,
:: Kamar dai asuba ta rasa ɗan'uwa, kuma cikin baƙin ciki, ta yi ado da makoki.

## manazarta
Feriye Palace

**Fadar Feriye** ( Turkish   ) wani katafaren gine-ginen daular Ottoman ne da ke kan gabar tekun Turai na mashigar Bosphorus a birnin Istanbul na kasar Turkiyya . A halin yanzu, gine-ginen suna karɓar cibiyoyin ilimi kamar makarantar sakandare da jami'a.

## Tarihi
Sultan Abdülaziz (ya yi sarauta 1861-76) ne ya ba da izinin ginin a 1871, kuma masanin gine-gine Sarkis Balyan ne ya tsara shi. An gina gine-ginen ne don biyan bukatun dangi na kotun sarki don zama. Gidan sarauta, wanda aka gina ban da Fadar Dolmabahçe da Fadar Çırağan, ya ɗauki sunan "Feriye" ma'anar "na biyu" ko "taimako" a cikin harshen Ottoman Turkish. Ya ƙunshi manyan gine-gine guda uku a gefen ruwa, wani yanki na ƙwaraƙwarai, ƙaramin gini mai hawa biyu da gine-gine a bayan.

A ranar 30 ga watan Mayu, 1876, ministocinsa sun kori Sultan Abdülaziz. Ya koma Feriye Palace a kan bukatarsa bayan ya zauna kwana hudu a Fadar Topkapı. Ba da daɗewa ba, an same shi da wuyan hannu a Feriye Palace. An rubuta wannan a matsayin kashe kansa a lokacin.

Mambobin kotun mulkin mallaka ta Ottoman sun zauna a Feriye Palace har zuwa Maris 3, 1924, lokacin da majalisa dokokin sabuwar Jamhuriyar Turkiyya ta kawar da Khalifancin Ottoman. Gine-ginen sun kasance babu kowa na wani lokaci bayan korar da aka yi wa Khalifa Abdülmecid II na karshe tare da mambobin kotu.

## Amfani na yanzu
A 1927, Kwalejin Maritime ( Turkish   ) ya zauna a wasu gine-gine na Fadar Feriye.  A cikin lokacin ilimi na 1928 – 29, Makarantar Sakandare ta Kabataş ita ma ta koma cikin wasu gine-gine na ginin fadar.  Wani bangare na fadar ya karbi bakuncin sashin 'yan mata na makarantar sakandare ta Galatasaray lokacin da a cikin 1967 cibiyar ta fara koyar da ilimin jinsi . Wani bangare na hadadden a arewa maso gabas ya kasance shekaru da yawa ba a yi watsi da su ba.

An canza Kwalejin Maritime zuwa Makarantar Fasaha ta Jami'ar Istanbul a cikin 1981, kuma ta koma Tuzla, Istanbul. Gine-ginen sun zama marasa aiki na ɗan lokaci, sannan aka sanya su a makarantar sakandare ta Ziya Kalkavan Maritime Vocational a shekarar 1982.

Gine-ginen, wanda sashin 'yan mata na makarantar sakandare ta Galatasaray suka yi amfani da su, an mika su ga Jami'ar Galatasaray a shekarar 1992. Yawancin jami'o'in suna amfani da babban ginin, kamar su Faculty of Law, Faculty for Economics da Faculty and Communications da kuma ofisoshin gudanarwa daban-daban. Babban ginin, wanda a halin yanzu jami'ar ke amfani da shi an san shi da *İbrahim Tevfik Efendi Sahil Sarayı*[2]

A shekara ta 1995, Gidauniyar Ilimi ta Kabataş ta mayar da sashin gidan sarauta da aka yi watsi da shi, kuma ya zama gidan cin abinci na sama, Feriye Lokantası . 

Babban ginin, wanda Jami'ar Galatasaray ke amfani da shi, wuta ta lalata shi sosai a ranar 22 ga Janairu, 2013. [1] Ma'aikatar Al'adu ta bayyana cewa za a mayar da ginin zuwa yanayin da ya gabata, kuma za a ci gaba da amfani da shi don dalilai na ilimi.

## Duba sauran bayanai

* Fadar Dolmabahçe
* Fadar Çırağan

## Manazarta
Woman Hating

**Woman Hating: A Radical Look at Sexuality** shi ne littafi na farko da ba ba fiction ba ne na marubucin mata mai tsattsauran ra'ayi na Amurka kuma mai fafutuka Andrea Dworkin . E. P. Dutton ne ya fara buga shi a shekara ta 1974.

## Tarihi
Yayinda Dworkin ke zaune a Amsterdam, ta sadu da Ricki Abrams, mai fafutukar mata kuma ɗan baƙi. Abrams ya gabatar da Dworkin ga rubuce-rubucen mata masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na farko daga Amurka, kuma Dworkin ya samo asali ne daga Kate Millett's Sexual Politics, Shulamith Firestone's The Dialectic of Sex da Robin Morgan's Sisterhood Is Powerful .  Ita da Abrams sun fara aiki tare a kan "ƙananan ɓangarori da raguwa" na wani rubutu mai tsattsauran ra'ayi na mata game da ƙiyayya da mata a cikin al'adu da tarihi,  gami da kammala rubutun babi a kan mujallar batsa ta Suck, wanda ƙungiyar 'yan kasashen waje suka buga a cikin Netherlands. 

Kafin Dworkin ta bar Amsterdam, ta yi magana da Abrams game da abubuwan da ta samu a Netherlands, ƙungiyar mata masu tasowa, da littafin da suka fara rubutawa tare. Dworkin ta amince da kammala littafin - wanda daga ƙarshe ta kira Woman Hating - kuma ta buga shi lokacin da ta isa Amurka. A cikin tarihinta, Dworkin ta ba da labarin cewa a lokacin wannan tattaunawar ta yi rantsuwa da sadaukar da rayuwarta ga ƙungiyar mata:

## Bayani game da shi
Dworkin ya kwatanta wurin da kuma nuna mata a cikin tatsuniyoyi da batsa, yana mai da hankali kan litattafan lalata na Faransa Story of O da The Image, da mujallar Suck . Daga nan sai ta kalli ayyukan tarihi na ɗaure ƙafa kasar Sin da kuma ƙonewar maƙaryaci na Turai daga hangen nesa na mata. Sashe na ƙarshe na littafin ya tattauna manufar androgyny a cikin tatsuniyoyin halitta daban-daban kuma yana jayayya game da "ci gaban sabon nau'in ɗan adam da sabon nau'i na ɗan adam" ba tare da jinsi da matsayi na jinsi ba.

## Karɓuwa
Kirkus Reviews ta bayyana cewa Dworkin "mai haske ne, mai nishaɗi kuma mai tsayi lokacin da take rarraba matsayin da ke akwai ga maza da mata kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin tatsuniyoyi, tatsuniyoyin Kirista da batsa na zamani", kuma cewa "yawancin abin da take fada ba kusan ba ne".

## Manazarta
Al-Hurqah

**Hind bint al-Nu'man** ( Arabic   ), wanda kuma aka fi sani da **al-Ḥurqah**,ya kasance mawaƙin Larabawa ne kafin zuwan Musulunci . Akwai muhawarar tarihin tarihi, wanda aka koma tsakiyar zamanai, a kan ainihin menene sunayenta, tare da muhawarar da ta dace kan ko wasu daga cikin masu wannan suna mutane ne daban ko a'a.  Misalin mawaƙin gimbiya, an karanta ta a matsayin jigo a cikin waƙar jahiliyya. 

## Tarihin rayuwa
Hind diyar al-Nu'man III ibn al-Mundhir, sarkin Lakhmid na karshe na al-Hira ( r. 582 - c. 602 ) da kuma mahaifiyar Larabawa Kirista ta Gabas .  A cewar *Ḥarb Banī Shaybān ma`a Kisrà Ānūshirwan*, wanda tarihinsa ke da shakka, Khosrow II, sarkin Daular Sasaniya ( r. 590–628 ) da kuma shugaban mahaifinta, ya bukaci Hind da aure. Da yake tunanin tsari da kyau, al-Nu'man ya aika Hind ya nemi mafaka a cikin Larabawa, kuma daga baya Khosrow ya kai masa hari tare da daure shi. Bayan rashin samun mafaka tare da Ghassanid da sauran kabilun larabawa, Hind ta sami mafaka a tsakanin Banu Shayban ta hanyar ceton gimbiyasu al-Hujayjah . Don haka ne ake zaton Banu Shayban yaqi yaqin Dhi Qar a  . Daga nan aka aike ta ta auri al-Nu'man bn al-Rayyan, "dan uwanta daya tilo da ta tsira daga harin da Farisa suka kai wa masarautar al-Hirah", daga nan kuma Khosrow ya ba shi sarautar al-Hirah. 

Wani tushen abin dogaro, Ali ibn Nasr al-Katib's Encyclopedia of Pleasure, ya ce Hind yana son wata mace mai suna Hind bint al-Khuss al-Zarqāʾ . Lokacin da al-Zarqāʾ ta mutu, ƙaunatacciyar ƙaunarta "ta yanke gashinta, ta sa tufafin baƙar fata, ta ƙi jin daɗin duniya, ta rantse wa Allah cewa za ta yi rayuwa mai zaman kanta har sai ta mutu". Hind bint al-Nuʿmān har ma ta gina gidan ibada don tunawa da ƙaunarta ga al-Zarqāʾ . Wannan tushe ya lissafa haruffa biyu a matsayin 'Yan mata na farko a al'adun Larabawa.

## Ayyuka
Wasu waƙoƙi ana danganta su ga Hind, yana mai da ita (idan halayen daidai ne) misali mai ban sha'awa na mawakiyar mata ta pre-Islam wanda aikinsa ya tsira.

## Sauran tushe
Hind shine babban adadi a cikin Tarihin Dubban da Ɗaya na Dare *'<nowiki/>'Adî ibn Zayd da Gimbiya Hind.* . 

## Littattafai

* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 2022]. *[https://ojs.qsm.ac.il/index.php/majma/article/download/350/727 Mawakin Kirista na Larabawa na Pre-Islamic: Tarihi da Waƙoƙi na Hind bint al-Nuʿmān (The Nun of Grief, da Gimbiya ta al-Ḥuraqa)]*. [Hasiya]

## Manazarta
Al-Khirniq bint Badr

**Al-Khirniq bint Badr ibn Hiffan** (ko Haffān; Arabic   ; mutu  ) ta kasance  farkon mawaƙin Larabci.kuma Ta kasance kanwa ko inna ga mawaki Tarafa bn al'Abd . 

Al-Khirniq's survived *diwan* ya kai ga wani a karkashin layi sittin, mafi yawa kiyaye a cikin aikin Abu 'Amr ibn al-'Ala'. An yi wa dangi sanannun waƙoƙinta, ciki har da ɗan'uwanta da mijinta Bishr ibn 'Amr, wanda ƙabilar makwabta ta kashe a Dutsen Qudab . 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Cissie Cahalan

**Cissie Cahalan** (an haife ta ne a shekara ta 1876 - 27 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1948) Yar kungiyar kwadago ce ta Irish, mai fafutukar mata, kuma mai fafutuka.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Cahalan a ko dai Cork ko Tipperary, kuma 'yar malamin makaranta ce. Ta yi aiki a shaguna a birnin Dublin, galibi a cikin sashen kantin sayar da kayayyaki na Arnotts .  Cahalan ya shiga cikin ƙungiyoyin masu fafutuka da yawa. Ta kasance memba na Kungiyar Mataimakan Irish Drapers (IDAA), da kuma kungiyar Irish Women's Franchise League (IWFL), tun daga shekara ta 1908. An bayyana Cahalan a matsayin daya daga cikin mata kawai daga asalin ma'aikata da ke da babban rawar da ke cikin ƙungiyar Irish suffragette.

A shekara ta 1912 ta jagoranci "Kwamitin Mata" na reshen Dublin na IDAA, kuma ta kasance mai ba da gudummawa ga mujallar da ƙungiyar ke gudanarwa. A cikin wannan shekarar, ta nemi goyon bayan Majalisar Kasuwancin Dublin don zaɓen mata, a matsayinta na wakili na IWFL .  Cahalan ya kasance a cikin kwamitin zartarwa na IWFL daga 1917-1918. A wani lokaci ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin sakatariyar kungiyar Irish Women's Franchise League .  Har ila yau, a cikin 1917, ta tafi Irish Trades Union Congress a matsayin wakilin IDAA .  Ta jagoranci yajin aiki a Arnotts yayin da take aiki a can, kuma ta yi nasarar samun karin albashi na 30%. Cahalan ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban IDAA sau uku, an zabe shi a 1922, 1923, da 1924.  A matsayin wani ɓangare na IDAA, ta yi nasarar yin kamfen don mafi ƙarancin albashi. Daga 1922 zuwa 1923 ta kasance a cikin kwamitin zartarwa na IDAA, amma ta yi murabus don nuna rashin amincewar kungiyar game da ɗaurin kurkuku.

Ta ci gaba da aiki a aikinta na yau da kullun tare da aikinta na gwagwarmaya har zuwa 1932,  kuma ta yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a Asibitin St Ultan. Ta ci gaba da rubutu ga mujallar ƙungiyar a cikin shekarun 1930. Ta auri John Burns a 1932; Burns ta mutu shekaru hudu bayan haka. Ta kasance abokiyar kusa da dan kasar Irish kuma ɗan'uwanta Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington .  Ta mutu a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta 1948. 

## Ra'ayoyi
Cahalan yana da muhawara mai kyau tare da ɗan'uwansa mai suna Louie Bennett a cikin 1919, game da batun zama memba a cikin ƙungiyoyin kwadago. Tattaunawar ta faru ne a cikin rubuce-rubuce a cikin jaridar The Irish Citizen . Yayinda Bennet ya ba da shawara ga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban ga mata, Cahalan ya goyi bayan ƙungiyoyi masu gauraye, kuma ya sanya alhakin ga mata saboda rashin hawa zuwa matsayi na iko. Cahalan ya kuma yi jayayya cewa ƙungiyoyin rarrabe za su ba masu kayan aiki lokacin da rikice-rikice suka taso. A cikin wata kasida a cikin The Irish Citizen Cahalan ta yarda cewa shigar mata cikin kungiyoyin kwadago ya haifar da adawa daga ma'aikatan maza saboda ƙananan albashi. Koyaya, ta yi jayayya cewa:

Mai tsananin adawa da Yaƙin Duniya na farko, Cahalan ya kuma gan shi a matsayin damar inganta yanayin aiki ga mata, kuma ya shiga Kwamitin Ayyukan Mata. Ta kuma yi imani da cewa kungiyoyin kwadago suna buɗewa ga dukkan ma'aikata (ciki har da maza da mata), kuma ta yi kamfen don daidaita albashi ga dukkan ma-aikata.

## Manazarta
Nazik Al-Malaika

**Nazik al-Malaika** ( Arabic   ; 23 Agusta 1923 - 20 Yuni 2007  ) mawaƙin Iraqi ne. Al-Malaika an san shi da kasancewa a cikin mawaƙan Larabci na farko da suka yi amfani da aya kyauta . 

## Rayuwa ta farko da aiki
An haifi Al-Malaika a Bagadaza a cikin iyalai masu
ilimi. Mahaifiyarta Salma al-Malaika ita ma mawakiya ce, kuma mahaifinta malami ne. Ta rubuta waka ta farko tana da shekaru 10. A lokacin rayuwarta, ta yi karatun wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi da Faransanci, Latin, da waƙoƙin Helenanci. Al-Malaika ta kammala karatu a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in da hudu 1944 daga Kwalejin Fasaha a Bagadaza kuma daga baya ta kammala digiri na biyu a fannin adabi a Jami'ar Wisconsin-Madison tare da Digiri na Kyau. Ta shiga Cibiyar Fine Arts kuma ta kammala karatu daga Sashen Kiɗa a 1949. A shekara ta 1959 ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin adabi daga Jami'ar Wisconsin-Madison a Amurka, kuma an nada ta farfesa a Jami'ar Baghdad, Jami'ar Basrah, da Jami'ar Kuwait.

## Ayyuka
Al-Malaika ya koyar a makarantu da jami'o'i da yawa, musamman a Jami'ar Mosul .

## Barin Iraki
Al-Malaika ta bar Iraki a shekarar 1970 tare da mijinta Abdel Hadi Mahbooba da iyalinta, biyo bayan hauhawar Jam'iyyar Ba'ath ta Larabawa ta Iraki zuwa mulki. Ta zauna a Kuwait har zuwa mamayewar Saddam Hussein a shekarar 1990. Al-Malaika da iyalinta sun tafi Alkahira, inda ta zauna har tsawon rayuwarta. Zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarta, al-Malaika ta sha wahala daga matsalolin kiwon lafiya da yawa, gami da Cutar Parkinson.

Ta mutu a Alkahira a shekara ta 2007 tana da shekaru 83. 

## Ayyuka

* "The Nights Lover" (عاشقة traffic), littafin waka na farko, bayan kammala karatunta;
* "Kolara" () (1947) masu sukar suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin juyin juya hali a cikin shayari na Larabci na zamani;
* "Shrapnel da Ashes" (1949);
* "Ƙarƙashin Wave" (1957);
* "Tree of the Moon" () (1968);
* "Teku yana canza launi" (1977) 

## Tasiri a kan wasu masu fasaha
Ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙinta, Medinat al Hub, ya yi wahayi zuwa ga ɗan wasan Iraqi kuma masanin, Issam al-Said don samar da zane-zane tare da wannan sunan.

Ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙinta, *Sabuwar Shekara*, ya yi wahayi zuwa ga ɗan wasan Palasdinawa na Lebanon Jassem el Hindi don samar da wasan kwaikwayonsa Laundry of Legends . 

## Fassara a wasu harsuna

### Turanci
Emily Drumsta ta fassara wasu waƙoƙin Al-Malaika zuwa Turanci, wanda aka tattara a cikin littafin da ake kira Revolt Against The Sun . 

### Nepali
Wasu daga cikin waƙoƙin Al-Malaika Suman Pokhrel ne ya fassara su cikin Nepali, kuma an tattara su tare da ayyukan wasu mawaƙa a cikin wani labari mai taken Manpareka Kehi Kavita .   

## Dubi kuma

* Fasahar Iraqi
* Jerin masu zane-zane na Iraqi
* Amal Al Zahawi
* Don tarin waƙoƙin Al-Malaika, duba kuma shigarwar Wikipedia a Larabci.

## manazarta