Yancin Kimiyya Da Al'adu

Haƙƙin kimiyya da al'adu ɗaya ne daga cikin haƙƙoƙin tattalin arziƙi, zamantakewa da al'adu da ake da'awa a cikin Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Duniya da kuma wasu takardu masu alaƙa na dokokin haƙƙin ɗan adam na duniya. Ya fahimci cewa kowa yana da hakkin ya shiga cikin al'adu cikin 'yanci, don shiga cikin 'yanci (don shiga da cin gajiyar) kimiyya da fasaha, da kuma kare ikon marubuta.

## Amincewa a karkashin dokar kasa da kasa
An bayyana haƙƙin kimiyya da al'adu a cikin Mataki na 27 na Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Duniya:

Haƙƙin kimiyya da al'adu kuma ya bayyana a cikin Mataki na 15 na Yarjejeniya ta Duniya kan Haƙƙin Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a da Al'adu:

## Abubuwan da suka danganci ra'ayoyi da rarrabuwa
’Yancin ilimi da al’adu sau da yawa ana keta haƙƙin ɗan wasan kamar “yancin shiga cikin rayuwar al’adu” ko “yancin shiga al’adu” ko “yancin yin amfani da ci gaban kimiyyar iliminsa” koyancin “cin ilimin kimiyya” ko “yanayin samun ilimi” ko “yancin shiga cikin ilimin kimiyya”.

Ana iya amfani da kalmar "haƙƙin al'adu" aƙalla ma'anoni uku. Ana amfani da ita sau da yawa don yin la'akari da ra'ayin da doka ta 15 ta yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kan 'yancin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu ke kiyayewa, wanda ke ba wa 'yan tsiraru damar yin aiki da kiyaye harsunansu, addinansu, nau'ikan fasaha, da hanyoyin rayuwa. A madadin haka, ana iya amfani da kalmar "haƙƙin al'adu" don tara haƙƙoƙin tsiraru biyu da 'yancin kimiyya da al'adu, waɗanda suke da asali iri ɗaya a cikin Mataki na 27 na Yarjejeniyar Duniya. Ko da a fa]a]a, “Hakkokin al’adu” na iya yin nuni zuwa ga wani babban nau’i na haqqoqin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al’adu, waxanda za a iya fahimtarsu da haqqin kimiyya da al’adu da haqqin ilimi da sauran haqqoqi, kamar kariyar marubuta.

"Haƙƙin kimiyya" ya haɗa da haƙƙin shiga cikin kimiyya (aiki) da haƙƙin samun damar shiga cikin ilimin ("amfanin" ko "ci gaba" ko "ci gaba") wanda ya samo asali ne daga kimiyya.

## Fassarar malamai da shawarwari
Dukan haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam da aka samu a cikin sanarwar Duniya na Haƙƙin Dan Adam na buƙatar tsari na fassara don fassara manyan ƙa'idodi zuwa takamaiman wajibai na jiha. Wannan yana faruwa ta hanyoyin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kuma a kotunan kasa. Malaman kare hakkin dan adam da masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam ne ke da tasiri sosai kan tsarin.

Hakkin da aka samu a Mataki na 27 a wasu hanyoyi sun kasance a farkon matakin wannan tsari, sabanin sauran haƙƙin ɗan adam kamar haƙƙin kiwon lafiya ko haƙƙin ilimi waɗanda suka riga sun kasance batun ƙarin bayani da shari'a. Hakkin marubuci duk da haka ya amfana daga ci gaban shari'a mai karfi.

Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ake kira Shawarwari kan Kimiyya da Masu binciken Kimiyya, sun zayyana ka'idojin gama-gari na duniya na amfani da hakkin kimiyya, wanda wasu gwamnatoci 195 suka amince da su a birnin Paris a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba, 2017, bayan shekaru hudu na shawarwarin duniya.

Wasu marubutan musamman masu aiki a wannan yanki sun haɗa da: Samantha Besson, Audrey R. Chapman, Yvonne Donders, Laurence Helfer, Lea Shaver, William Schabas, Jessica Wyndham, da Peter Yu.

Ƙungiyar {asashen Amirka don Ci gaban Kimiyyar Kimiyya tana aiki ne wajen bayar da shawarwari game da haƙƙin kimiyya da al'adu, tare da mai da hankali musamman kan hakkoki da nauyin ƙwararrun masana kimiyya.

## Fassarar hukuma
Kwamitin Harkokin Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a da Al'adu ya ba da cikakkun bayanai guda biyu na fassarar sassan 'yancin kimiyya da al'adu kamar yadda ya bayyana a cikin Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa akan Hakkokin Tattalin Arziki da Al'adu (ICESCR). Babban Sharhi 17 da Gabaɗaya Sharhi 21. Jaridiya ta musamman a fagen kare haƙƙin al'adu Farida Shaheed, ta yi tsokaci kan 'yancin kimiyya da al'adu a cikin rahotanni da dama tsakanin 2010 zuwa 2015.

A Babban Taron UNESCO a cikin 2017, wasu jihohi 195 sun amince da yarjejeniya ba tare da abstentions ga ka'idojin duniya na yau da kullun da suka shafi haƙƙin kimiyya ba, a cikin Shawarwari kan Kimiyya da Masu Binciken Kimiyya, wanda ke fassara haƙƙin kimiyya kamar yadda ya bayyana a cikin Universal Declaration of Human Rights . 

## Dangantaka da dukiyar ilimi
A cikin 2000 Kwamitin Tattalin Arziki da Zamantake na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin Dan Adam ya ba da shawarar cewa Yarjejeniyar kan Abubuwan da suka danganci Ciniki na 'yancin mallakar fasaha na iya keta 'yancin kimiyya don haka ya saba wa dokokin 'yancin ɗan adam na duniya.

## Dubi kuma
 'Yancin ilimi
Kisan al'adu

Yaƙin al'adu motsi

Haƙƙin jin daɗi

## Bayanan da aka ambata