Kisan Betsy Aardsma

**kisan Betsy Aardsma** wani lamari ne na kisan kai na Amurka wanda ya fara ne daga watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1969, inda aka kashe wani dalibi mai shekaru 22 da ya kammala karatu da rauni guda daya a cikin ɗakin karatu na Pattee a Pennsylvania_State_University" id="mwEQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Pennsylvania State University">Jami'ar Jihar Pennsylvania (Penn State) a Jami'a Park, Pennsylvania .

Kodayake kisan Aardsma ya kasance Ba a warware shi ba, 'yan jarida masu bincike na gida da marubuta biyu masu zaman kansu sun buga shaidu da rahotanni waɗanda suka nuna cewa farfesa a fannin ilimin ƙasa na Jihar Penn Richard Haefner na iya zama alhakin mutuwarta,  wanda wani marubuci ya bayyana shi a matsayin mafi munin kisan da ba a warke ba a Pennsylvania. 

Shaidar da ke nuna laifin Haefner na kisan Aardsma ba shi da tabbas. Ba a taba tuhumar Haefner da kisan ta ba. Ya mutu a shekara ta 2002.

## Rayuwa ta farko
Elizabeth Ruth "Betsy" Aardsma  ita ce ta biyu cikin yara huɗu.  An haife ta ne a Michigan" id="mwLA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Holland, Michigan">Holland, Michigan, ga Esther da Richard Aardsma, kuma ta girma a cikin matsakaicin aji, addini da kuma masu ra'ayin mazan jiya a kan titin West 37th .  Mahaifin Aardsma ya kasance mai binciken harajin tallace-tallace na Ma'aikatar Baitulmalin Jihar Michigan, yayin da mahaifiyarta ta kasance uwar gida.

Yayinda yake yaro, Aardsma ya nuna ƙwarewar fasaha da waka. A lokacin da take matashiya, ta haɓaka ra'ayoyi masu sassaucin ra'ayi kuma ta nuna damuwa ga marasa galihu. Aardsma ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Holland kuma ta yi kyau sosai a ilimi, ta kammala karatu tare da girmamawa a shekarar 1965.  

## Ƙarin ilimi
Ba da daɗewa ba bayan kammala karatunsa daga makarantar sakandare, Aardsma ya shiga Kwalejin Hope a farkon shekara ta 1965 tare da burin zama likita. Abokiyarta, Linda DenBesten, daga baya ta tuna da Aardsma a matsayin mutum mai basira da ban sha'awa wanda ke nuna halaye na mata.

A cikin fall of 1967, Aardsma ta shiga Jami'ar Michigan, tana karatun fasaha da Ingilishi kuma tana raba ɗaki tare da wasu ɗalibai mata uku. A shekarunta na farko, ta fara soyayya da dalibi mai suna David Wright, wanda ta hanyar duk bayanan shine saurayinta na farko.  Ta kammala karatu daga wannan ma'aikata tare da girmamawa a lokacin rani na shekara ta 1969. 

### Jami'ar Jihar Pennsylvania
Bayan kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Michigan, Aardsma da farko ta yi niyyar shiga Peace Corps kuma ta yi tafiya zuwa Afirka, kodayake ta zaɓi yin rajista a Jami'ar Jihar Pennsylvania (Penn State) lokacin da ta gano cewa Wright, saurayinta, ya yi niyyar karatu a can kuma ba zai iya tabbatar da cewa zai kasance mai aminci a gare ta ba idan ta yi tafiya a kasashen waje na kowane lokaci mai mahimmanci.

Aardsma ta shiga Penn State a farkon Oktoba 1969. Ta zauna a harabar makarantar a Atherton Hall, kuma ta raba gidanta tare da dalibi mai suna Sharon Brandt, wanda daga baya zai tuna cewa Aardsma ba ta bin ayyukan da ba a yi ba kuma tana amfani da yawancin lokacinta na kyauta ko dai tana karatu ko - a karshen mako - tana tafiya zuwa Penn State Hershey  don kasancewa cikin kamfanin Wright.  

A lokacin godiya, an san Aardsma da nuna alamun damuwa saboda gaskiyar cewa ta fadi a kan aikin Ingilishi. Ta kwashe rana kafin ranar godiya tare da saurayinta, abokan zama da budurwarsu kafin ta koma ɗakin kwana washegari, tare da niyyar saduwa da farfesa don shawara a kan takardar bincike da take bukata don kammala aikinta. Wright ya kori Aardsma zuwa tashar bas da ke kusa da Harrisburg a yammacin Nuwamba 27 . 

A lokacin mutuwarta, Aardsma ta kasance cikin dangantaka da Wright kusan shekara guda, kuma biyun sun tattauna shirye-shiryen yin aure ta Kirsimeti. Ta kasance daliba a Penn State na makonni takwas kawai lokacin da aka kashe ta.

## Nuwamba 28, 1969

A yammacin ranar 28 ga Nuwamba, 1969, Aardsma da Brandt sun bar gidansu don ziyartar Penn State's Pattee Library don samun kayan bincike don takardar Ingilishi. A kan hanya, kamfanonin biyu sun rabu, bayan sun shirya shirye-shiryen sake haɗuwa daga baya a wannan rana don kallon ko dai Easy Rider ko Take the Money and Run a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na wannan maraice. Da misalin karfe 4 na yamma, Aardsma ta yi magana da daya daga cikin farfesa, Nicholas Joukovsky,  wanda ta bayyana masa niyyar ziyartar Ginin Stack.  Ba da daɗewa ba, ta sadu da abokai biyu, Linda Marsa da Robert Steinberg, waɗanda ta tattauna da su a takaice kafin ta shiga ɗakin karatu. Daga nan sai ta sanya jakarta, jaket, da littafi a cikin karusa da aka ba ta kafin ta yi tafiya zuwa katunan katin. Bayan ta sami bayanin da ta nema, Aardsma ta sauka a kan matakala zuwa matakin 2 a kusan karfe 4:30 na yamma.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Abubuwan da za a iya gani na ƙarshe na Aardsma a cikin matakan 2 sun faru ne bayan minti 4:30 na yamma, lokacin da mataimakin mai kula mai suna Dean Brungart ya lura da wata yarinya a cikin jan rigar tsaye shi kaɗai a cikin wani sashi, tare da samari biyu suna magana a hankali tsakanin kansu a cikin sashi da ke kusa da ƙarshen yammacin sashi. Kimanin minti goma bayan haka, wani shaida, Richard Allen, ya ji tattaunawa tsakanin namiji da mace a cikin jagorancin inda Aardsma ya tsaya yayin da yake aiki da photocopier. Kodayake Allen bai ji abin da su biyun suka yi magana ba, sai ya sanar da 'yan sanda cewa babu wani abu da ya yi mummunar magana. Bayan 'yan mintoci kaɗan, Allen ya ji hayaniya mai fashewa a gaban wani saurayi wanda ya bayyana a matsayin "kamar dalibi" ya gudu "barrelling" ya wuce shi. &nbsp;

### Kisan kai
A wani lokaci tsakanin 4:45 da 4:55 na yamma,  An yi wa Aardsma wuka sau ɗaya ta ƙirjin hagu tare da wuka yayin da yake tsaye tsakanin layuka 50 da 51 a cikin Ginin Stack na Pattee Library.  Wannan rauni ya yanke jijiyoyin huhu kuma ya soke ventricle na dama na zuciyarta. Bayan wuka, Aardsma ta fadi zuwa ƙasa kusa da ƙarshen hanyar, ta janye littattafai da yawa daga ɗakunan da ke kusa da ita yayin da ta fadi a bayanta. Dalibai biyu - Joao Uafinda da Marilee Erdley - sannan suka lura da wani mutum yana gudu daga hanyar tashin hankali, yana ɓoye hannunsa na dama, yana cewa, "Wannan yarinyar tana buƙatar taimako!" Erdley ya bayyana wannan mutumin kamar yadda yake sanye da takalma masu wankewa, taye, da jaket na wasanni. Yana da gashi mai launin ruwan kasa, yana da kimanin  a tsawo, kimanin 185 lbs, kuma yana iya sanya tabarau. Wannan mutumin ya jagoranci Uafinda da Erdley zuwa Core, inda ya nuna ga jikin Aardsma da ke kwance tsakanin littattafai da aka warwatsa da ɗakunan ƙarfe waɗanda aka sake su. Yayin da Erdley ya fara bincika alamun bugun jini, Uafinda ya lura da wannan mutumin yana barin ɗakin karatu; ya bi mutumin a hankali a saman, inda mutumin ya gudu daga ɗakin karatu. Uafinda ya yi ƙoƙari ya kori wannan mutumin amma an wuce shi. An ga wannan mutum a karshe yana gudana a cikin jagorancin Gidan Wasanni.&nbsp;

Roƙon da 'yan sanda suka yi wa mutumin ko maza da suka yi wa Uafinda da Erdley waɗannan kalmomi kafin su gudu daga ɗakin karatu don su zo gaba ba su yi nasara ba, kuma ba a taɓa gano mutumin ba.

### Kokarin Kiwon Lafiya
Yayin da Uafinda ya yi ƙoƙari ya bi mutumin da ya tsere daga ɗakin karatu, Erdley ya yi ƙoƙari a ba da taimakon farko ga Aardsma, gami da tashin hankali na baki da baki, kuma nan da nan ƙungiyar masu kallo, gami na mai kula da ɗakin karatu suka haɗu da shi. [1] An sanya kira zuwa asibitin harabar, Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Ritenour, da karfe 5:01 na yamma, tare da masu amsawa da farko sun sanar da "yarinya ya fadi" a cikin ɗakin karatu na Pattee. An tura dalibai biyu masu kula da lafiyar jiki zuwa wurin, sun isa bayan mintuna kaɗan. An sanya Aardsma da sauri a kan gurney kuma an cire shi daga ɗakin karatu ta hanyar mai hawa, don a kai shi Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya, yayin da likitocin ke ci gaba da yin resuscitation na zuciya (CPR) a kanta. Jirgin asibiti da aka kira ya kai Aardsma zuwa Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya.[1] ￼

Kodayake Aardsma tana sanye da fararen turtleneck sweater a lokacin da aka soke ta, raunin ya samar da karamin jini mai ganuwa. Koyaya, Aardsma tana sanye da jan rigar da ba ta da hannunta a kan wannan sutura a lokacin da aka kashe ta, kuma tufafin da ta sa sun kasance na kayan aiki ne a cikin yanayin Nuwamba, don haka yana nufin tsagewar wuka guda ɗaya a cikin tufafinta ba a bayyane yake nan da nan. Ta kuma yi fitsari inda ta fadi. A sakamakon wadannan hujjoji, mutanen da ba likitoci ba ne wadanda suka gano jikinta - tare da daliban da suka fara amsawa da aka kira zuwa wurin don mayar da martani ga rahotanni na wata daliba mace da ta "ƙuntata" a cikin ɗakin karatu - da farko sun yi imanin cewa da gaske ta fadi, ta fuskanci fashewa, ko wasu cututtukan kiwon lafiya marasa tsanani.

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan an kai Aardsma zuwa Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya, wani babban likita ya lura da jini yana shiga cikin tufafinta yayin da daliban likitoci biyu suka ci gaba da yin CPR kuma nan da nan suka umarci su biyu su tsaya kafin su sami raunin wuka guda ɗaya. Wani likita ya bayyana Aardsma ya mutu a karfe 5:50 na yamma.&nbsp;

## Manazarta