Karusai na Tutankhamun

**Karusai na Tutankhamun** sun ƙunshi jerin tsoffin karusan Masarawa guda shida da aka gano a lokacin gano kabarin Tutankhamun a 1922 da masanin kayan tarihi na Burtaniya Howard Carter ya yi tare da sauran kayan tarihi da yawa. Saitin ya ƙunshi manyan karusan biki guda biyu, ƙaramin ƙawanya ɗaya da haske uku don amfanin yau da kullun ta Tutankhamun. An tsara su don farauta, yaƙi da fareti, tare da wasu ƙirar ƙira don saurin gudu.

An baje kolin karusan a cikin gidajen tarihi daban-daban, kamar gidan tarihin Masar a Alkahira, har zuwa shekarar 2018, lokacin da aka kai su babban gidan kayan tarihi na Masar tare da sauran tsoffin kayan tarihi.

## Bayani
An gano karusai hudu a dakin ajiyar kabari na Tutankhamun da biyu a dakin ajiyar kaya. Da farko an iske duk karusai shida an tarwatse. Howard Carter ya kira biyu daga cikin manyan karusai da aka yi wa ado dalla-dalla a matsayin "karusan jiha".

Ɗaya daga cikin su (GEM 4940, Carter no. 122) an yi nazari kuma an gano an yi shi da jikin katako, 1.02 m fadi da 0.44 m zurfi, wani ɓangare na cike da katako na bakin ciki. An ƙarfafa firam ɗin a gaba tare da ƙarin dogo na sama kuma sararin da ke tsakaninsa da jiki an ƙawata shi da alamar haɗin kai, tare da fursunonin ƙasashen waje guda shida (ɗayan ya ɓace) a gefen damansa. A waje na jikin karusar an ƙawata shi da nau'ikan nau'ikan gashin fuka-fukan da aka lulluɓe da gilashin da ke musanya tare da makaɗa da ke haɗa spirals da rosettes. Bangaren ciki da na waje na tsakiya suna da ɗagaɗaɗɗen taimako tare da ƙwanƙolin rana, wanda aka gano a cikin rubutun Horus na Behedet, wanda daga cikinsa ya sauko da rawanin uraei. A ƙasa akwai mashahuran Tutankhamun da sunayensu, da kuma sunan uwargidansa, Sarauniya Ankhesenamun. Ƙarƙashin ɓangarorin sun nuna tsuntsayen Rekhyt guda biyu, waɗanda ke wakiltar mutanen Masar, waɗanda suke ƙaunar ginshiƙin djed da ke gefensa da alamun ankh yayin da, a ƙasa, an nuna fursunonin ƙasashen waje a ɗaure. An fassara wannan zane a matsayin ma'auratan sarauta da al'ummar Masar suke ƙauna, suna tabbatar da rayuwa da kwanciyar hankali na sarki da sarauniya a ƙarƙashin allahn rana suna shawagi a sama da kare su.

## Nazarin
Wani binciken da aka yi kan karusan Tutankhamun daga shekara ta 2000 ya gano cewa tsarin ƙafafun, daskararru, da kayan da aka zaɓa don ɗaukar hannu, amfani da kitsen dabbobi don shafawa da ƙira gabaɗaya suna da ban sha'awa, suna kwatankwacin kulolin Turai na ƙarni na 19 AD.  Tafukan masu magana guda shida suna da ƙusoshin itace masu sassauƙa, suna aiki azaman taya, waɗanda suka dace da rashin daidaituwar ƙasa. Waɗancan ramukan suna ɗaukar nauyin nauyin da rashin daidaituwar ƙasa ke ɗauka, ta yadda ƙafafun da kansu suka datse girgizar, kamar tashawar mota ta zamani. Karusan na iya yin gudun mil 25 a sa’a guda (kilomita 40 a cikin sa’a). A cewar Bela Sandor, farfesa a fannin kimiyyar lissafi na injiniya a Jami'ar Wisconsin–Madison, yayin da babu wata shaida ta tseren karusar daga wancan lokacin, karusan Tutankhamun suna da fasalolin fasaha da yawa waɗanda ke nuna asalin tsere.

Binciken da aka yi na baya-bayan nan da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun Jafananci da Masarawa suka yi a ƙarƙashin Gidan Haɗin gwiwar Gidan Tarihi na Masarautar Masarawa sun tabbatar da cewa ɗaya daga cikin karusan (GEM 4940, Carter no. 122) asali yana da alfarwa da ke haɗe jikin karusar, kamar yadda Edwin C. Brock ya fara ba da shawara a cikin 2012 (a baya an yi la'akari da alfarwar azaman hasken rana mai ɗaukar hoto). Duk da haka, ba zai yuwu a haɗa waɗannan kayan tarihi guda biyu wuri ɗaya ba saboda rauninsu, don haka aka yanke shawarar a baje su daban. An yi imanin cewa ana amfani da wannan karusar da aka ɗora a cikin faretin sarauta da bukukuwan sarauta, ana tafiyar da su cikin matsakaicin matsakaici. Kamar yadda nassosin da ke kan wannan karusar suka ambata Tutankhamun da abokinsa Ankhesenamun, ana tunanin an tsara karusar don ɗaukar ma'auratan a lokacin faretin. Fir'auna Akhenaten ya gabatar da karusarsa don faretin sarauta tun da farko, kodayake babu wata shaida ta hoto da ke nuna Tutankhamun yana hawan karusar a irin wannan lokacin.

## Manazarta