Susanna Clarke

**Susanna Mary Clarke** (an haife ta a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba 1959) marubuciya ce ta Ingilishi wacce aka fi sani da littafinta na farko Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell (2004), wani tarihin madadin da ya lashe Kyautar Hugo . Clarke ta fara Jonathan Strange a 1993 kuma ta yi aiki a kai a lokacin da take hutu. A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, ta wallafa gajerun labaru daga sararin samaniya, amma har zuwa 2003 ne Bloomsbury ta sayi rubutun ta kuma ta fara aiki a kan bugawa. Littafin ya zama littafi mafi sayarwa.

Shekaru biyu bayan haka, ta wallafa tarin gajerun labarinta, The Ladies of Grace Adieu and Other Stories (2006). Dukkanin littafin farko na Clarke da gajerun labaransa an saita su a cikin Ingila mai sihiri kuma an rubuta su a cikin salon marubutan karni na 19 kamar Jane Austen da Charles Dickens . Duk da yake Strange yana mai da hankali kan dangantakar masu sihiri biyu na Ingilishi tare da ra'ayoyi masu adawa, Jonathan Strange da Gilbert Norrell, labarun a cikin Ladies suna mai da hankali ga ikon da halayen *Mata* ke samu ta hanyar sihiri.

Littafin Clarke na biyu, *Piranesi*, an buga shi a watan Satumbar 2020, kuma ya lashe kyautar mata ta 2021 don Fiction .

A watan Janairun 2024, ta bayyana cewa a halin yanzu tana aiki a kan wani labari da aka kafa a Bradford, Ingila. 

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Clarke a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba 1959 a Nottingham, Ingila, 'yar fari ce ta ministan Methodist da matarsa.[1][2] Saboda mukaman mahaifinta, ta yi yarinta a garuruwa daban-daban a fadin Arewacin Ingila da Scotland, kuma ta ji daɗin karanta ayyukan Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Charles Dickens, da Jane Austen. [2][3] Ta yi karatun falsafar, siyasa, da tattalin arziki a Kwalejin St Hilda, Oxford, inda ta sami digiri a shekarar 1981. [4][5]

Shekaru takwas, ta yi aiki a wallafe-wallafen a Quarto da Gordon Fraser .  Ta shafe shekaru biyu tana koyar da Turanci a matsayin harshen waje a Turin, Italiya, da Bilbao, Spain. Ta koma Ingila a 1992 kuma ta kwashe sauran wannan shekarar a County Durham, a cikin gidan da ke kallon Tekun Arewa. A can ta fara aiki a kan littafinta na farko, Jonathan Strange da Mr Norrell .  A shekara ta 1993, Simon &amp;amp; Schuster ne suka hayar da ita a Cambridge don gyara litattafan dafa abinci, aikin da ta ci gaba da aiki na shekaru goma masu zuwa.

### ''Jonathan Strange da Mista Norrell''
Clarke ta fara gabatar da ra'ayin ga Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell yayin da take koyarwa a Bilbao: "Ina da wani irin mafarki mai farkawa ... game da wani mutum a cikin tufafi na karni na 18 a wani wuri kamar Venice, yana magana da wasu masu yawon bude ido na Ingila. Kuma na ji da karfi cewa yana da wani nau'i na sihiri - ya kasance yana da sihiri, kuma wani abu ya tafi mummunan kuskure. "  Ta kuma kwanan nan ta sake karanta J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings kuma daga baya an yi wahayi zuwa ga "[yi wahayi zuwa rubuce-rubuce] wani labari na sihiri da sihiri".[try]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Bayan ta dawo daga Spain a 1993, Clarke ta fara tunani sosai game da rubuta littafinta. Ta yi rajista don bitar rubuce-rubuce na kwana biyar da fiction na kimiyya, wanda marubuta na fiction da fantasy Colin Greenland da Geoff Ryman suka koyar da shi. Ana sa ran ɗalibai su shirya ɗan gajeren labari kafin su halarci, amma Clarke kawai tana da "ƙuƙwalwa" na kayan don littafinta. Daga wannan ta cire "The Ladies of Grace Adieu", wani labari game da mata uku da ke yin sihiri a asirce waɗanda sanannen Jonathan Strange ya gano. Greenland ya burge sosai da labarin cewa, ba tare da sanin Clarke ba, ya aika da wani sashi ga abokinsa, marubucin fantasy Neil Gaiman. Gaiman daga baya ya ce, "Yana da ban tsoro daga ra'ayina karanta wannan ɗan gajeren labari na farko wanda ke da tabbaci sosai ... Yana kama da kallon wani ya zauna ya kunna piano a karo na farko kuma tana buga sonata. "  Gaiman ya nuna labarin ga abokinsa, marubucin kimiyya-fiction kuma editan Patrick Nielsen Hayden. Clarke ta koyi game da waɗannan abubuwan lokacin da Nielsen Hayden ya kira kuma ya ba da shawarar buga labarinta a cikin littafinsa Starlight 1 (1996), wanda ya ƙunshi ɓangarorin da aka fi sani da kimiyya-fiction da kuma fantasy marubuta. Ta yarda, kuma littafin ya lashe kyautar World Fantasy Award don mafi kyawun tarihin a shekarar 1997. &nbsp;&nbsp;

Clarke ta shafe shekaru goma masu zuwa tana aiki a kan littafin a lokacinta. Ta kuma wallafa labaru a cikin Starlight 2 (1998) da Starlight 3 (2001); a cewar The New York Times Magazine, ƙaramin rukuni na magoya bayan fantasy da masu sukar a intanet sun san aikinta kuma sun yaba da ita. Gabaɗaya, ta buga gajerun labaru bakwai a cikin litattafai. "Mista Simonelli, ko The Fairy Widower" an sanya shi cikin jerin sunayen don Kyautar Fantasia ta Duniya a shekara ta 2001. 

Clarke ba ta taɓa tabbatar da ko za ta gama littafinta ba ko kuma za a buga shi. Clarke ya yi ƙoƙari ya rubuta na sa'o'i uku a kowace rana, farawa da karfe 5:30 na safe, amma ya yi ƙoƙari don ci gaba da wannan jadawalin. Maimakon rubuta littafin daga farko zuwa ƙarshe, ta rubuta a cikin raguwa kuma ta yi ƙoƙari ta haɗa su tare. Clarke, ta yarda cewa aikin ya kasance na kanta ba na mai karatu ba,  "ya manne wa wannan hanyar" "saboda na ji cewa idan na koma kuma na fara a farkon, [littafin] ba zai da zurfi, kuma zan kasance kawai in bincika abin da zan iya yi. Amma idan na san cewa zai dauki ni shekaru goma, ba zan taɓa farawa ba.  An ƙarfafa ni da tunanin cewa zan gama shi shekara mai zuwa, ko shekara mai zuwa" Clarke da Greenland sun fada cikin soyayya yayin da take rubuta littafin kuma sun koma tare.&nbsp;

A shekara ta 2001, Clarke "ta fara yin baƙin ciki", kuma ta fara neman wani don taimaka mata ta gama kuma ta sayar da littafin. Giles Gordon ta zama wakilin wallafe-wallafen ta na farko kuma ta sayar da rubutun da ba a gama ba ga Bloomsbury a farkon shekara ta 2003, bayan masu bugawa biyu sun ƙi shi kamar yadda ba za a iya sayar da shi ba. Bloomsbury sun tabbatar da cewa littafin zai kasance mai nasara har suka ba Clarke ci gaba da £ 1 miliyan. Sun buga kwafin murfin murfi 250,000 a lokaci guda a Amurka, Burtaniya, da Jamus. An fara fassarori goma sha bakwai kafin a saki littafin Ingilishi na farko a ranar 8 ga Satumba 2004 a Amurka kuma a ranar 30 ga Satumba a Ingila.  &nbsp;

## Manazarta