Orval Caldwell

**Orval Halleck Caldwell** (15 ga Fabrairu, 1895 - 18 ga Fabrairun, 1972) ya kasance mai zane-zane na yankin Chicago. Ya kasance mai zane-zane mai yawa a cikin man fetur da ruwa.

## Rayuwar iyali
An haifi Orval Caldwell ga George H. da Mary Caldwell a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu, 1895, a Shelbyville a yankunan karkara na Central Illinois . Ɗaya daga cikin yara, yana da shekaru 15, Caldwell ya zauna tare da iyayensa a Proviso Township, Cook County, a yammacin unguwar Chicago, kuma mahaifinsa ya yi aiki a matsayin dillali a Hukumar Ciniki ta Chicago. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 25, Caldwell ya ci gaba da zama marar aure, yana zaune tare da iyayensa a Forest Park, Cook County, kuma ya shiga mahaifinsa a matsayin dillali a Hukumar Ciniki ta Chicago. Shekaru hudu bayan haka, a 1924, mahaifiyar Caldwell ta mutu. A shekara ta 1930, Caldwell ya auri Marguerite Friedley, malamin makarantar jama'a, yana da gidansa a Proviso Township, Cook County kuma ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin dillali a Hukumar Ciniki ta Chicago. A shekara ta 1940, bayanan ƙididdigar Amurka sun lissafa Caldwell a matsayin mai zane-zane mai zaman kansa da matarsa a matsayin malamin makarantar jama'a. Caldwells ba su da yara kuma sun kasance a cikin Cook County har sai Orval ya mutu a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, 1972, kuma Marguerite a ranar 13 ga Afrilu, 1976. An binne ma'auratan a Naperville, Illinois, makabarta.

## Ayyukan fasaha
Art aiki ne na biyu ga Caldwell, wanda da farko ya yi rayuwa a matsayin dillalin kayayyaki. Tsakanin 1930 da 1940, Caldwell ya sauya daga mai zane-zane zuwa mai zane-zanen cikakken lokaci. Abin da ba a san shi sosai game da horar da fasaha na Caldwell ya fito ne daga alamun gallery da aka haɗe da zane-zanensa daban-daban. Daga wadanda muka koyi cewa Caldwell ya yi karatu a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago, Werntz' Academy of Fine Arts, kuma tare da masu zane-zane Ellsworth Young da Ted Kautsky. Wadannan alamomi sun kuma ce Caldwell ya nuna a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago, Penn Art Association da Gidan Tarihi na Boston.

A cewar asusun jarida, Caldwell ya kasance memba na Chicago Society of Artists da Chicago No-Jury Society .  A cikin 1940 da 1941, ya kasance shugaban kungiyar No-Jury Society, ƙungiyar da aka kafa a cikin 1922. Ya kuma kasance memba na Oak Park da River Forest Art League, da Maywood Art League . 

Ayyukansa sun samo asali ne daga Gidan Tarihi na Springfield, Gidan Tarihin Burpee a Rockford, Illinois, Gidan kayan gargajiya na Rockford, da Gidan Tarih na Jihar Illinois.

Fitowar Fabrairu 1941 na *Gidan Tarihi mai Rayuwa*, mujallar hukuma ta Gidan Tarihin Jihar Illinois, ta ba da cikakken shafi ga The Good Earth, Caldwell ta hanyar zane da aka kara wa tarin gidan kayan gargajiya na dindindin, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "babban wuri mai kallo wanda ke ɗauke da idon mai kallo a fadin gonaki da gonaki. "  An nuna **'Duniya Mai Kyau**' a 1939 Annual Exhibition of Artists of Chicago and Vicinity a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago. 

Melvin da Jewel Upton (New York Sun Times), Eleanor Jewett (Chicago Tribune), da C. J. Bulliet (Chicayo Daily News) sun sake nazarin ayyukan Caldwell.

Caldwell an jera shi a cikin Wanene Wanene a cikin Fasaha ta Amurka, *Davenport's Art Reference & Price Guide*, American Art Directory (1941) da Falk's Annual Exhibition Record of the Art Institute of Chicago.

## Nuni

* 1940 - Ƙungiyar Babu Juri,
* 1940 - Duk Illinois Society of the Fine Arts . 
* 1941 - Babu Kungiyar Juri.
* 1942 - Austin, Oak Park, da River Forest Art League. 
* 1944 - Austin, Oak Park, da River Forest Art League . 
* 1944 - Nuni na shekara-shekara na Chicago Society of Artists.
* 1945 - Nuni na shekara-shekara na Chicago Society of Artists.
* 1947 - Nuni na shekara-shekara na Chicago Society of Artists.
* 1950 - Nuni na shekara-shekara na Chicago Society of Artists.
* 1954 - Nuni na shekara-shekara na Chicago Society of Artists.
* 1956 - Nuni na shekara-shekara na Chicago Society of Artists.

## Manazarta