Nashik

**Nashik**,  tsohon **Nasik**,  birni ne a yankin arewacin jihar Indiya ta Maharashtra wanda ke bakin kogin Godavari, kimanin kilomita  (103  arewa maso gabashin babban birnin jihar Mumbai . 

Nashik yana ɗaya daga cikin Wuraren aikin hajji na Hindu na Kumbh Mela, wanda ake gudanarwa kowane shekaru 12.

A cewar *Ramayana*, Nashik shine wurin da ke bakin Kogin Godavari inda Lakshmana ya yanke hanci na aljaniyar Shurpanakha .  Ana kuma kiranta Panchavati . 

An san shi da "Gulshanabad" a lokacin Mughal.

## Tarihi
An san Nashik da "Padmanagar" a lokacin Satya Yuga, "Trikantak" a lokacin Treta Yuga, ""Janasthana" a lokacin Dvapara Yuga, kuma a ƙarshe "Navashikh" ko "Nashik" a lokacin Kali Yuga, bisa ga al'adun Hindu.  Nashik yana da mahimmanci a tarihi, rayuwar zamantakewa, da al'adu. Birnin yana kan bakin Kogin Godavari, yana mai da shi wuri mai tsarki ga Hindu a duniya. A lokacin da ya yi gudun hijira shekaru 14 daga Ayodhya, an ce Rama, sarkin Ayodhya ya sanya Nashik gidansa.

### Jirgin kasa na Nashik
An fara Nashik Tram daga Tsohon Ginin Municipal a kan babbar hanyar zuwa tashar jirgin kasa ta Nashik Road a kusa da shekara ta 1889.  Jirgin ya yi wa mutanen Nashik hidima kusan shekaru 44. Tashar jirgin ƙasa ta kasance a Main Road, kuma jirgin ya kai tashar jirgin ƙasa na Nashik Road ta hanyar Main Road na yanzu, Bhadrakali Market, Ghasbazar, da Phalke Road. Ya rufe nisan kusan kilomita takwas zuwa goma, kuma ana rufe shi da gandun daji mai yawa a lokacin. A cikin labarin 'Nashik-sa'an nan", mawaki Kusumagraj ya rubuta: "Idan karusai sun cika, motar za ta tafi. Zai busa kararrawa kuma ya fita daga ƙauyen zuwa babbar hanya sannan zuwa kasuwar ciyawa.

### Ayyukan juyin juya hali
A cikin shekarun 1900, Indian Freedom Fighter, Sri Vinayak Damodar Savarkar tare da ɗan'uwansa sun kafa wata ƙungiya ta sirri mai suna Abhinav Bharat a Nasik a ƙarƙashin sunan "Mitra Mela"  wanda yake ɗaya daga cikin mutane da yawa a Maharashtra. A ranar 21 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1909 wani memba na Abhinav Bharat, Anant Kanhere dalibi daga Aurangabad ya kashe gwamnan Nashik A. M. T. Jackson yayin da yake kallon wasan kwaikwayo a gidan wasan kwaikwayo. An kama Kanhere nan take kuma bayan bincike, 'yan sanda sun kama Vinayak Savarkar da sauransu saboda makirci da gwamnati don tayar da tawaye. An san shari'ar da "Nasik Conspiracy Case - 1910". A cikin shari'ar kotu a Bombay, 'yan sanda sun yi zargin cewa Savarkar shine kwakwalwa, ruhun motsawa da wahayi na makircin da ya kai shekaru da yawa. Kotun Bombay ta yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai, da kuma jigilar shi zuwa sanannen gidan yarin Cellular a Tsibirin Andaman; Babarao Savarkar ya sami irin wannan hukunci kuma wasu sun sami digiri daban-daban na ɗaurin kurkuku. Kisan gillar jami'in ICS Jackson ya haifar da tashin hankali a Poona, Nasik da Bombay, shari'ar da kuma ɗaurin kurkuku ya sa Savarkar ya shahara.

A cikin 1930, an ƙaddamar da Nashik Satyagraha a ƙarƙashin jagorancin B. R. Ambedkar don shigar da Dalits a Kalaram Mandir (Temple). A cikin 1931, an shirya taron lardin Bombay Charmakar Parishad a Nashik don yin aiki da matsayin Chambhars game da Taron Tebur na Biyu wanda Babasaheb zai shiga. A cikin 1932, Babasaheb ya shirya yunkurin shigar da haikalinsa don kawar da rashin taɓawa a Nashik.

## Yanayin ƙasa

Nashik yana cikin arewacin jihar Maharashtra, a     daga matsakaicin matakin teku, wanda ke ba shi bambancin zafin jiki, musamman a cikin hunturu.

Kogin Godavari ya samo asali ne daga Dutsen Brahmagiri, Trimbakeshwar kimanin kilomita  () daga Nashik, kuma yana gudana ta hanyar tsohuwar mazaunin, yanzu a tsakiyar birnin. Saboda yawan gurɓataccen da masana'antun da ke kusa da birnin suka haifar, kogin yana mutuwa da tsananin tsoro. Tun daga wannan lokacin an  nasarar tsabtace shi.

Nashik yana kan iyakar yammacin Deccan Plateau, tsohuwar hanyar dutsen wuta.

Trimbakeshwar is about  from the city, it is where from river Godavari originates. The land area of the city is about .

Yanayin birni na wurare masu zafi da tsawo masu tsawo sun haɗu don ba shi wani nau'i mai sauƙi na Yanayin zafi da bushe (Köppen *Aw) *. Yanayin zafi ya tashi dan kadan a watan Oktoba, amma wannan ya biyo bayan lokacin sanyi daga Nuwamba zuwa Fabrairu. Lokacin sanyi yana ganin yanayin zafi na kusa da  ° .4 ° F a rana, amma dare mai sanyi, tare da matsakaicin  ° C ko 50 ° F, da iska mai bushe sosai.Nashik an sanya shi a matsayi na 19 mafi kyau "National Clean Air City" (a karkashin Category 1 >10L Yawan jama'a birane) a Indiya bisa ga 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results' 

## Yawan jama'a
Nashik shine birni na huɗu mafi girma a cikin Maharashtra dangane da yawan jama'a bayan Mumbai, Pune, da Nagpur.  Bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a na Indiya, 2011, Nashik yana da yawan jama'a 1,486,053.  Maza sun ƙunshi 782,517 na yawan jama'a, kuma mata 703,536.  Yawan Nashik na Metropolitan ya kasance 1,561,809, wanda 821,921 maza ne kuma 739,888 mata ne.  Garin Nashik yana da matsakaicin ƙimar karatu na 89.85%: karatun maza ya kai kashi 93.40%, ilimin mata ya kai 85.92%.

Adadin jima'i shine 894 a cikin 1,000 maza na birnin Nashik.  Adadin jima'i na yara shine 'yan mata 865 a cikin 1,000 maza.  A cikin Nashik, 11.42% na yawan jama'ar ƙasa da shekaru 6 ne.[1]  A cikin ƙidayar shekara ta 2001, Nashik Urban Agglomeration yana da yawan jama'a 1,152,326.  Don haka, ya kasance yanki na huɗu mafi girma na birni na Jihar Maharashtra bayan Mumbai, Pune da Nagpur.  Adadin yawan jama'ar Nashik na agglomeration (wanda ya haɗa da mamaye yankunan birane kamar Deolali) har zuwa 11 ga Nuwamba 2012 shine 1,562,769..
 
A lokacin ƙidayar 2011, kashi 76.69% na yawan jama'a suna magana da Marathi, 11.80% Hindi, 3.26% Urdu, 2.16% Gujarati da 1.26% Marwari a matsayin yarensu na farko.

## Gudanarwa da siyasa
Kamfanin Nashik Municipal Corporation ne ke mulkin birnin Nashik .  Nashik ita ce hedkwatar gundumar Nashik, kilomita  (115  daga Mumbai. Birnin ya bunƙasa a bangarorin biyu na Godavari, wanda ya raba birnin zuwa kusan rabi daidai.

Kwamitin unguwar ya kunshi 'yan majalisa da ke wakiltar unguwanni na zaɓe a cikin yankin yankin kwamitin unguwar. Akwai kwamitocin unguwa guda shida wato Nashik (E), Nashik (W), Nashik Road, Panchavati, CIDCO da Satpur. Babban aikin kwamitocin shine amincewa da farashin ayyukan unguwanni, haɗa kudaden da aka kashe a cikin kasafin kuɗi da sauransu.

### Ayyukan jama'a
Hukumar Nashik Municipal Corporation (NMC) tana shirin fara manyan ayyuka na jama'a a shekarar 2020. Ayyuka kamar samar da mafi kyawun hanyoyi, kafa CCTVs 800, sanya fitulun LED, aikin kawata Goda, gina manyan ayyukan kula da ruwa guda biyu (WTPs), haɓaka STPs, samar da ingantaccen filin ajiye motoci, da dai sauransu za a baiwa hukumomi fifiko..  Kamfanin birni zai ba da fifiko.

#### Gudanar da sharar gida
A yankin Nashik Municipal Corporation kusan 225 MT na sharar da ake samarwa a kowace rana.  Ba kamar sauran garuruwan Indiya ba, ana tattara wannan datti da ababen hawa mai suna 'Ghantagadi' (ma'ana abin hawa mai kararrawa): tsarin da ya haifar da ƙananan nau'ikan gantagadi a cikin tsoffin wuraren da cunkoson jama'a.  Kamfanin Nashik Municipal Corporation ya kafa wata shuka a kusa da Pandav Leni (Pandavleni Caves) don sarrafa datti da maida shi takin.

#### Ayyukan dijital
NMC tana ba da shafin yanar gizo na kan layi don ayyuka daban-daban na jama'a kamar rajistar takardar shaidar haihuwa, sabis na kiwon lafiya, haraji, sabis na ci gaba, da dai sauransu.

### Aikin noma

A farkon 1925, an fara juyin juya halin inabi a Ozhar, wani karamin gari kusa da Nashik, ta Raosaheb Jairam Krishna Gaikwad. A yau, ana fitar da inabi na tebur zuwa Turai, Gabas ta Tsakiya, da Asiya.

Yankin da ake nomawa a gundumar Nashik ya kai hekta 864,000, wanda matsakaicin yankin Kharip ya kai kadada 663,200, sannan matsakaicin yankin noman Rabbi ya kai kadada 136,500.  Yankin da aka shuka shine kadada 658,763 (kashi 99) sannan kuma dajin dajin ya kai kadada 340,000 (21.75%).  Yankin da ba a noma shi ne hekta 23,000 (1.48%).. 

### Masana'antu

Yankin saka hannun jari na Igatpuri-Nashik-Sinnar muhimmiyar mahimmanci ce a cikin aikin masana'antu na Delhi Mumbai na dala biliyan 90. &nbsp;

Nashik cibiyar tsaro ce da masana'antar sararin samaniya tare da masana'antun kera jirgin sama na Hindustan Aeronautics Limited da ke Ozar .  The Currency Note Press  da India Security Press suna kan Nashik Road, inda ake buga takardun takardar gwamnati da kudin Indiya bi da bi.

Yankunan masana'antu a Gundumar Nashik sune Satpur, Ambad, Sinnar, Igatpuri, Dindori da Vinchur . Ƙarin yankunan da aka gabatar sune Sinnar, Malegaon da Rajur Bahula . 

Masana'antu a gundumar Nashik sun hada da Atlas Copco, Robert Bosch GmbH, CEAT Limited, Crompton Greaves, ThyssenKrupp, Epcos, Everest Industries, GlaxoSmithKline, Hindustan Unilever Limited, Kirloskar Group, Dabur, KSB Pumps, Larsen & Toubro, Mahindra, United Spirit, Mahinson, Mahindra da Mahins Limited  Shalimar Paints, Siemens, VIP Industries, da Kamfanin Mai na Indiya.

Baya ga Magana'antu, Nashik wuri ne mai tasowa na saka hannun jari ga kamfanonin Fasahar Bayanai. Tata Consultancy Services ta saka hannun jari a Nashik a karkashin gwamnatin Indiya BPO promotion scheme (IBPS). Har ila yau WNS, Accenture, TCS  ya kafa Digital Impact Square, ko DISQ, wanda shine cibiyar kirkire-kirkire na zamantakewa. 

Nashik tana da masana'antar masana'antu. Bankin Kasa na Aikin Gona da Ci gaban Karkara ya zaɓi Yeola Block don ci gaban Paithani Cluster .  Don sauƙaƙe fitarwa, Gwamnatin Tsakiya ta fara tashar jigilar kaya a MIDC Ambad.

#### Masana'antar ruwan inabi
 
An bayyana Nashik a matsayin "Babban Birnin Wine na Indiya". An ruwaito cewa yankin Nashik ya samar da tan 10,000 na inabi a kowace shekara.

A cikin 2013, akwai gidajen giya 22 a Nashik, daga cikin gidajen giya 46 a duk faɗin Indiya. Gidan inabi mafi girma a Nashik shine Gidan inabe na Sula . 

A lokacin girbi, Nashik gida ne ga bukukuwan ruwan inabi da yawa, kamar su Girbi na inabi na Indiya da SulaFest . 

## Al'adu da birni

A watan Fabrairun 2016, An tsarkake mutum-mutumi na Ahimsa, gunkin    na Jain tirthankara na farko Rishabhdev da aka sassaƙa a dutse mai tsawo a Mangi Tungi kusan kilomita  (76  daga birnin Nashik. An rubuta shi a cikin Guinness Book of World Records a matsayin gunkin Jain mafi tsayi a duniya.

Gidan Trirashmi (Pandavleni), ko Gidan Nashik, rukuni ne na koguna 24 da aka sassaƙa tsakanin ƙarni na 1 KZ da ƙarni na 2 AZ,  wanda ke wakiltar kogon Buddha na Hinayana.

### Dams

* Dam din Gangapur yana kan kogin Godavari kusa da ƙauyen Gangawadi kuma madatsar ruwa ce ta ƙasa, Nashik . 
* Dam din Chankapur a kan Kogin Girna yana daya daga cikin manyan madatsun ruwa da Birtaniya suka gina a karni . Yana da nisan kilomita  (1.9  daga ƙauyen Abhona a Kalwan tehsil da nisan kilometre  (37  daga Nashik.
* Dam din Kashypi yana kan kogin Kashypi kusa da Rajapur, Nashik .
* Girna Dam wani madatsar ruwa ne a kan kogin Girna kusa da Nandgaon, Gundumar Nashik .
* Darna Dam madatsar ruwa ce a kan kogin Darna kusa da Igatpuri, gundumar Nashik .

### Kumbh Mela
 
Ana yin Kumbh Mela a kowace shekara shida a Haridwar da Prayagraj kuma Maha Kumbh yana faruwa a kowace shekara goma sha biyu a wurare huɗu: Prayagraj, Haridwar, Ujjain, da Nashik. A cewar Puranas, an yi imanin cewa Kumbh ya samo sunansa daga tukunyar zuma marar mutuwa, wanda devatas (Allahni) da rakshasas (Aljanu) suka yi yaƙi. Wuraren huɗu inda ruwan tsami ya fadi suna a bakin kogin Godavari a Nashik, kogin Kshipra a Ujjain, kogin Ganges a Haridwar da kuma Triveni Sangam na Ganga, Yamuna da kuma Kogin Saraswati marar ganuwa a Prayagraj . 

### Gidajen Aljanna
Akwai lambuna da yawa da NMC ta gina da kuma kula da su a duk faɗin birnin. Gidan Shivaji a kan Main Road yana daya daga cikin tsofaffi. Akwai gonakin rose a kusa da Mumbai Naka. Ana yin bikin NMC Pushpotsav (Festival of Flowers) a kowace shekara a babban gini, Rajiv Gandhi Bhavan .

### Laburaren karatu
Sarvajanik Vachanalaya Nashik yana daya daga cikin tsofaffin dakunan karatu da ɗakunan karatu na Indiya da 'yan Burtaniya suka kafa a kusa da 1840. Ya bazu a cikin labaru da yawa da kuma ɗakuna da yawa, tarin littattafai 1,75,000 sun haɗa da Turanci, Marathi, Hindi da littattafan Sanskrit.

Kalidas Kala Mandir da Parshuram Saykhedkar Natyagruha wuraren wasan kwaikwayo ne da jama'a ke ziyarta akai-akai.

## Yin fim
An harbe fim din Gunga Jumna Superhit na Dilip Kumar a ƙauyuka daban-daban na Nashik ciki har da Nandur Vaidya, Wadivarhe da sauransu. An shirya fim din ne a Haripur na Uttarpradesh, kodayake an gudanar da harbi a Igatpuri a Nashik. Nashik da aka sani da manyan gidajen sarauta na tarihi da ƙauyuka na ƙauyuka ya zama wurin da ke da matukar farin ciki ga masu son fina-finai da yawa don bincika wadatar gine-gine. Kodayake tare da lokaci, salon da gine-gine sun canza sosai, suna barin tsoffin gine-gine da aka watsar yanzu.

## Sufuri
Nashik yana da filin jirgin sama da ke Ozar da kuma tsohon filin jirgin sama a Gandhinagar wanda ke haɗa Nashik zuwa Mumbai. Filin jirgin saman Gandhinagar yanzu an tanada shi ne don sojoji. Filin jirgin saman Nashik filin jirgin sama ne na cikin gida kuma an haɗa shi da Ahmedabad, Delhi, Goa, Hyderabad, Indore, Bangalore,  Jaipur (ta hanyar Indore)  da Nagpur .

Tashar jirgin kasa ta Nashik Road ita ce tashar jirgin kasa tare da Deolali wanda ke cikin iyakar birnin. Matafiya na yau da kullun suna tafiya zuwa Kasara ko Igatpuri daga Mumbai kuma suna ɗaukar taksi ko bas don isa Nasik.

Nashik is served by National Highway 60. Mumbai-Nashik Expressway connects Nashik to Mumbai.
India's first 10-lane expressway is going to be built between Nashik and Pune. The Surat-Nashik-Chennai expressway goes through Nashik city. The Samruddhi Mahamarg also goes  from Nashik city.

### Sufurin jama'a

* Kamfanin Nashik Municipal Corporation (NMC) ya fitar da sabis na bas din birni na Citilinc a ranar 8 ga Yulin 2021. Gwamnatin jihar da ta gabata ta ba da izini ga NMC don karɓar sabis na bas na birni daga kamfanin sufuri na jihar Maharashtra (MSRTC). 
* Metro [An gabatar] - Kamfanin Metro na Metro na Maharashtra Limited ne ya ba da shawarar Metro mafi girma. An soke shi a kan adawa tunda babu wata bukata mai tsanani tare da kasancewar haɗin hanya mai faɗi a duk faɗin birni.
* Trams [1889-1933] - Nashik ita ce birni na uku a Indiya bayan Kolkata da Mumbai don samun trams. Trams sun fara aiki a cikin 1889. Ya samo asali ne daga ginin Tsohon Kamfanin Municipal wanda ke kan Main Road kuma ya ƙare a Tashar jirgin kasa ta Nashik Road (8-10 km). Yana wucewa ta yankunan Ganjamal (tsarin bas din da ba a san shi ba a baya ya kasance tashar jirgin ƙasa) da kuma bayan Fame Multiplex. Brady's; wani kamfani mai zaman kansa ya ba da kuɗin aikin kuma daga baya ya gabatar da motar motar farko ta Indiya a ƙarƙashin ikon Nasik Tramway Co. Hanyar jirgin ta rufe a kusa da 1933 saboda shekaru masu zuwa na yunwa da annoba, ta shiga cikin asarar nauyi.&nbsp;
* AutoRickshaws - Birnin yana da wasu autorickshaws waɗanda ke aiki akan rabawa da kuma farashi kai tsaye.
* OLA - Birnin yana da aikace-aikacen OLA da ke aiki tare da rickshaws da motoci. Tun da farko Uber ma yana aiki.

Birnin yana da jami'o'i biyu na jihar: Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University da Jami'ar Kimiyya ta Lafiya ta Maharashstra.

* Malegaon
* Dindori
* Nandgaon
* Igatpuri
* Kalwan
* Baglan taluka 

* Madhav Mantri, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na duniya
* Abhishek Raut, ɗan wasan cricket
* Anant Laxman Kanhere, mai juyin juya hali, mai fafutukar 'yanci
* Anjana Thamke, mai tsere
* Dadasaheb Phalke, darektan fina-finai, kuma editan da aka dauka a matsayin "mahaifin fina-fallayen Indiya"
* Pandit Dattatreya Vishnu Paluskar, mai ba da sauti na gargajiya na Hindustani
* Dadasaheb Gaikwad (Bhaurao Krishnaji Gaikwad), ɗan siyasa, ma'aikacin zamantakewa
* Vamandada Kardak, mai fafutukar motsi na Ambedkar, mawaki na Marathi.
* Baburao Bagul, marubucin Marathi
* Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, sanannen mai fafutukar 'yanci, mai juyin juya hali, masanin ra'ayi na dama, ɗan siyasa, mawaƙi da marubuci 
* Kusumagraj, mawaki na Marathi, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo da marubucin littafi
* Shivaji Tupe, mai zane
* Krishnaji Gopal Karve, mai fafutukar 'yanci na Indiya, mai juyin juya hali
* Tatya Tope, jagora a cikin tawaye na Indiya na 1857
* Dhairya Dand, mai kirkiro, mai zane, mai tsarawa
* Kavita Raut, mai tsere mai nisa
* Sunil Khandbahale, mai kirkiro, ɗan kasuwa, mai sha'awar harshe  
* Dattaraya Ramchandra Kaprekar, masanin lissafi
* Nazima, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo
* Aishwarya Narkar, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a fina-finai na Marathi, jerin shirye-shirye da wasan kwaikwayo, jerin shirye'shiryen Hindi, tallace-tallace
* Anita Date-Kelkar, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, wacce aka sani da Radhika a cikin Mazhya Navryachi Bayko
* Sayali Bhagat, samfurin / actress, Femina Miss India World 2004
* Mahadev Govind Ranade, masanin Indiya, mai gyara zamantakewa kuma marubuci
* Ramesh Raskar, masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta
* Dattu Baban Bhokanal, mai tuƙi
* Chinmay Udgirkar, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo
* Vidit Gujrathi, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Indiya
* Saiyami Kher, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo
* Anjali Patil, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo
* Shashank Khaitan, marubucin fim, darektan, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da furodusa
* Mrunal Dusanis, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo
* Lalita Pawar, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo
* Chhagan Bhujbal, ɗan siyasa
* Uttamrao Dhikale, ɗan siyasa
* Pradnya Gadre, ɗan wasan badminton