Patrisse Cullors

**Patrisse Marie Khan-Culors Brignac**  ( née **Cullors-Brignac** ; an haife ta a ranar 20 ga Yuni, 1983) 'yar fafutukar ci gaba ce ta Amurka, mai zane, kuma marubuciya wacce ta haɗu da kafa ƙungiyar Black Lives Matter . Cullors sun ƙirƙiri hashtag #BlackLivesMatter a cikin 2013 kuma sun yi rubutu da magana sosai game da ƙungiyar.

Sauran batutuwan da Cullors ke fafutukar kare hakkin 'yan luwadi sun haɗa da soke gidajen yari a Los Angeles da kuma haƙƙin LGBTQ . Cullors ta haɗa ra'ayoyi daga ka'idar da ta saba da ita a cikin fafutukarta.  Ta kasance abin suka kan yadda ta kashe kanta da kuma yadda ta tafiyar da kuɗaɗen Black Lives Matter. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Cullors a Los Angeles, California. Mahaifiyarta Cherice Foley Mashaidiyar Jehobah ce. Mahaifinta na haihuwa shine Gabriel Brignac, wanda ba ta haɗu da shi ba har sai da ta kai shekara goma sha ɗaya. An rene ta a gidan Alton Cullors, wanda ya taɓa aiki a wani masana'antar General Motors da ke Van Nuys kafin a rufe ta, wanda hakan ya tilasta masa yin aiki a wuraren da ba su da albashi mai yawa. Tana da 'yan'uwa uku: 'yan'uwa biyu masu suna Paul da Monte, da kuma 'yar'uwa mai suna Jasmine.   Gabriel ya kasance mai aikata laifi sau da yawa wanda aka daure shi a gidan yari sau da yawa bisa zargin miyagun ƙwayoyi kuma ya mutu a shekara ta 2009 a wani matsugunin marasa matsuguni.   Cullors sun bayyana shi a matsayin wanda yake da kulawa da kuma kasancewa a cikin rayuwarta akai-akai. 

An kama ɗan'uwanta, Monte a shekarar 1999 bayan ya sace motar mahaifiyarsa. Daga baya an gano yana da cutar schizoaffective da kuma bipolar disorder . Cullors ta tuna cewa a wani faɗa da jami'an gidan yari, an yi masa zargin shakewa, an yi masa duka da ƙarfi, sannan aka tilasta masa shan ruwan bayan gida.   Ta ambaci wannan a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da suka sa take fafutukar kare haƙƙinta. 

Cullors ta girma a wani gida mai lamba 8 a Van Nuys, wani unguwa mai talauci kuma galibi 'yan Mexico-Amurkawa a San Fernando Valley .   Mahaifinta Alton daga ƙarshe ya bar iyalinsa, ya bar Cherice ta renon 'ya'yanta ita kaɗai.  Cullors ta ce ta shaida yadda ' yan sanda suka buge 'yan uwanta 'yan shekara 11 da 13 a bango ba tare da wata matsala ba lokacin da take 'yar shekara 9.  Tana da shekaru 12, an kama ta saboda shan wiwi .  A wannan lokacin, daliba ce a Makarantar Tsakiya ta Millikan, wata makaranta mai arziki a Sherman Oaks wadda ke da ɗaliban fararen fata da kuma yawan ɗalibai masu hazaka. Cullors ta bayyana cewa ta ji kunyar zuwa can tare da mahaifiyarta a cikin mota.   Ta kuma bayyana cewa 'yan matan fararen fata ne a makarantar suka gabatar da ita ga shan wiwi. Duk da haka, lokacin da aka kama ta, tana zuwa Makarantar Sakandare ta Van Nuys, makarantar da ta ƙunshi yawancin yaran da suka fito daga iyalai masu aiki da waɗanda ba fararen fata ba, a matsayin wani ɓangare na makarantar bazara, saboda rashin kyawun maki. A gare ta, sauyin ya kasance abin mamaki, domin makarantar tana da na'urar gano ƙarfe kuma 'yan sanda suna gadinta ba kamar sauran makarantarta ba.  

Cullors ta fara fafutuka tun tana ƙarama, inda ta shiga ƙungiyar masu hawa bas (BRU) ƙarƙashin jagorancin Eric Mann a lokacin da take matashi   a lokacin da ta halarci shirin shiryawa na tsawon shekara guda wanda Cibiyar Dabaru ta Al'umma ta Ma'aikata (wadda ta shirya BRU) ta jagoranta.   Ta koyi game da masu juyin juya hali, ka'idar suka da ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa daga ko'ina cikin duniya, yayin da take yin fafutuka.  Cullors ta kuma yi rajista a Makarantar Sakandare ta Grover Cleveland (wanda yanzu take Cleveland Humanities Magnet) da ke Reseda kuma an shigar da ita cikin shirinta na Magnet na adalci na zamantakewa .   Ta sami digiri a fannin addini da falsafa a UCLA, da kuma MFA daga Makarantar Fasaha da Zane ta Roski a Jami'ar Kudancin California .  

Cullors ta tuna da tilasta mata barin gidanta tana da shekaru goma sha shida lokacin da ta bayyana wa iyayenta asalinta na ƙabilanci .  An rene ta a matsayin Mashaidiyar Jehobah, amma saboda cikin da mahaifiyarta ke da shi na kuruciya, cocin da danginta sun yi watsi da dangin Cullors; ta ci gaba da jajircewa kan addinin tsawon shekaru, har ma a ƙasar waje, amma daga baya ta gaji da cocin.  Ta fara sha'awar al'adar addinin Najeriya ta Ifá, inda ta haɗa al'adunta a cikin abubuwan zanga-zangar siyasa. Ta shaida wa wani mai yin hira a shekarar 2015 cewa "neman ruhaniya yana da alaƙa da ƙoƙarin neman fahimta game da yanayina - yadda waɗannan yanayi ke siffanta ni a rayuwata ta yau da kullun da kuma yadda nake fahimce su a matsayin wani ɓangare na babban yaƙi, yaƙi don rayuwata." 

## Sana'a

Cullors ta koyar a Kwalejin Fasaha da Zane ta Otis a cikin Shirin Ayyukan Jama'a.  Ta kuma koyar a fannin Digiri na Biyu a fannin Adalci da Gudanar da Al'umma a Kwalejin Prescott .  

### Rayukan Baƙaƙe Suna da Muhimmanci
Tare da masu shirya al'umma da abokai Alicia Garza da Opal Tometi, Cullors sun kafa Black Lives Matter .   Su ukun sun fara wannan motsi ne saboda takaicin da suka samu kan wanke George Zimmerman da aka yi a kisan Trayvon Martin .  Cullors sun ƙirƙiri hashtag #BlackLivesMatter a shekarar 2013 don tabbatar da amfani da kalmar da Garza ta yi wajen yin wani rubutu a Facebook game da shari'ar Martin.  Cullors ta ƙara bayyana kwarin gwiwarta na neman haƙƙin Baƙar fata da ya samo asali daga zaluncin da ɗan'uwanta ɗan shekara 19 ya yi a lokacin da ake tsare da shi a gidajen yarin Gundumar Los Angeles . 

Cullors da abokan haɗin gwiwarta na BLM, Garza da Tometi, sun shirya gina wani motsi mai zaman kansa wanda ke ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar ƙungiyar membobi, kuma a cikin 2015, an kafa wata hanyar sadarwa ta surori. Cullors ita ce mafi bayyana a bainar jama'a daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar, musamman bayan Garza da Tometi sun janye daga shiga cikin ƙungiyar akai-akai.  Ta yaba wa kafofin watsa labarun da suka taimaka wajen bayyana tashin hankali ga 'yan Afirka Amurkawa, tana mai cewa: "A kowace rana, a kowane lokaci, ana yi wa baƙar fata ba'a da hotunan mutuwarmu ... A zahiri yana cewa, 'Baƙar fata, za ku iya zama na gaba. Za ku zama na gaba, amma idan aka yi la'akari da baya, zai fi kyau ga ƙasarmu, ƙasa da irinmu, haka zai fi aminci." 

A shekarar 2017, ta ce ƙungiyar ba za ta gana da shugaban Amurka Donald Trump ba kamar yadda ba za ta gana da Adolf Hitler ba, domin Trump "a zahiri shine misalin mugunta, duk muguntar wannan ƙasar, ko dai wariyar launin fata, jari-hujja, nuna wariya ga jinsi, ko kuma nuna wariya ga 'yan luwaɗi ."  

A watan Mayun 2021 (bayan ta riƙe wannan muƙami na tsawon shekaru shida, wanda ya haɗa da kafa kayayyakin more rayuwa na ƙungiyar), Cullors ta yi murabus daga matsayinta na darektan zartarwa na Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation, domin mayar da hankali kan littafinta na biyu da kuma yarjejeniyar talabijin ta shekaru da dama da Warner Bros. Ta ce murabus ɗinta ba shi da alaƙa da zargin yunƙurin ɓata mata suna kuma an tsara shi sama da shekara guda. Cullors ta ce "Ina tsammanin ba zan ƙara ganin kaina ba, domin ba zan kasance a sahun gaba a ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi masu tayar da hankali a yanzu a tarihin ƙungiyarmu ba...Amma babu wani motsi da ke da shugaba ɗaya."  

### Sauran fafutuka
Ta yi aiki a matsayin babbar darakta a ƙungiyar Hadin Gwiwa don Kawo Karshen Rikicin Sheriff a gidajen yarin LA. Ƙungiyar ta yi kira da a kafa kwamitin farar hula da zai kula da Sashen Sheriff na Gundumar Los Angeles domin rage cin zarafin da jami'ai ke yi. Ta hanyar shirya tsoffin fursunonin kurkuku a matsayin ƙungiyar masu jefa ƙuri'a, ƙungiyar ta yi fatan yin amfani da Hukumar Kula da Gundumar LA don ƙirƙirar irin wannan kwamiti, da kuma tattara isassun ƙuri'u don zaɓar wanda zai maye gurbin Sheriff na Gundumar LA Lee Baca, wanda ya yi murabus a 2014 saboda dalilai daban-daban. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ba ta yi nasara a ƙoƙarinta ba.

Cullors sun kafa ƙungiyar masu fafutukar kare hakkin fursunoni mai suna Dignity and Power Now, wadda ta yi nasarar fafutukar kafa kwamitin kula da fararen hula. 

Ita ma memba ce a kwamitin gudanarwa na Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Ella Baker, bayan ta jagoranci wani taron masana kan tashin hankalin jiha da na 'yan banga a taron 2014 na Ba tare da Iyakoki ba.  A watan Oktoban 2020, ta ƙaddamar da wani kamfanin shirya fina-finai tare da yarjejeniya da Warner Bros. Television . 

### Matsayin Akida da manufofi
Cullors ta bayyana kanta a matsayin gidan yari, 'yan sanda da kuma mai fafutukar kawar da mulkin mallaka,  matsayin da ta ce ya samo asali ne daga "gado na gwagwarmayar yaƙi da mulkin mallaka da baƙar fata ke jagoranta a Amurka da kuma a duk faɗin Amurka."  Ta kuma fi son a biya mata diyya saboda abin da ta bayyana a matsayin "wahalar tarihi da lalacewar da mulkin mallaka na Turawa ya haifar," ta hanyoyi daban-daban, kamar "mayar da kuɗi, sake rarraba filaye, yanke shawara kan siyasa, shirye-shiryen ilimi masu dacewa da al'adu, murmurewa daga harshe, da kuma ' yancin dawowa (ko mayar da su gida )." 

Ta ambaci mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata kuma tsohon memba a Weather Underground Eric Mann, a matsayin mai ba ta shawara a lokacin farkon shekarunta na fafutuka a Ƙungiyar Masu Hawan Mota ta Los Angeles .  Tana amfani da wasu kwarin gwiwa na akida daban-daban. Ɗaya daga cikinsu shine masu fafutukar kare hakkin mata baƙaƙe kamar Audre Lorde da "baƙar fata, ƙabilanci, da kuma ruwan tabarau na mata",  da kuma ƙararrawa. : duka biyun "sun taimaka mata ta fahimci asalinta".  Ta ambaci Angela Davis saboda "ka'idojin siyasa da tunani kan ƙungiyoyin adawa da jari-hujja a duniya", aikinta na "faɗin zanga-zangar adawa da wariyar launin fata da yaƙi", da kuma yaƙin da ta yi da fifikon fararen fata a Amurka. Frantz Fanon wani abin ƙarfafa gwiwa ne, "aikinsa kan tashin hankalin mulkin mallaka a Aljeriya da kuma a faɗin Duniya ta Uku [yana yin] haɗin gwiwa a kan lokaci" don fahimtar mahallin da Baƙar fata ke rayuwa a faɗin duniya.  Ta kuma ambaci Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin da Mao Zedong, a matsayin "yana ba da sabuwar fahimta game da yadda tattalin arzikinmu zai iya kama".   A cikin wata hira ta 2015 da ta sake bayyana a 2020, Cullors ta bayyana cewa ita da wanda ya kafa Garza "masu rajin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ne". 

Da aka tambaye ta ko ta yi imani da tashin hankali a matsayin hanyar zanga-zanga, ta ce ta yi imani da " aikin kai tsaye, amma kai tsaye ba tare da tashin hankali ba," kuma wannan shi ne imani da ƙungiyar Black Lives Matter. 

A watan Fabrairun 2020, Cullors ta amince da Sanatoci Elizabeth Warren da Bernie Sanders a zaɓen fidda gwani na shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyyar Democrat na 2020. 

## Ayyuka
A shekarar 2014, Cullors ta shirya wani fim mai suna *POWER: From the Mouths of the Occupied*, wanda aka fara gabatarwa a Highways Performance Space .  Ta bayar da labarai game da wannan motsi ga *LA Progressive*,  ciki har da wani labarin daga Disamba 2015 mai taken "Makomar Rayuwa Baƙar fata"  wanda ya tura ra'ayin cewa masu fafutuka ba za su iya jira Gwamnati ta ɗauki mataki ba, kuma ta kira mabiyanta su yi aiki ta hanyar ƙarfafa su su fara gina duniyar da suke son gani.

### Littattafai
Littafin tarihin Cullors, *When They Call You a Terrorist: A Black Lives Matter Memoir*   an buga shi a watan Janairun 2018. An rubuta shi tare da 'yar jarida Asha Bandele  kuma ya ƙunshi gabatarwa daga Angela Davis . Littafin yana da sassa biyu, *All the Bones We Could Find*, wanda ke ba da labarin lokacin ƙuruciyarta, da kuma *Black Lives Matter*, wanda ya bayyana yadda waɗannan abubuwan suka kai ta ga kafa ƙungiyar adalci ta zamantakewa tare. Littafin ya yi magana game da ɗaurin kurkuku da hana 'yan baƙar fata kamar mahaifinta 'yancinsu, tsarewa "shine yadda al'ummarmu ta mayar da martani ga shan miyagun ƙwayoyi... Ina tsammanin muna da rikicin nisantar al'ummomi marasa galihu, musamman al'ummomin baƙar fata, da sake saka hannun jari a cikin waɗannan al'ummomin tare da 'yan sanda, gidajen yari, kotuna, da gidajen yari".  A babi na 13 *A Call, A Response*, Cullors ta bayyana jerin zanga-zangar farko da ita, Garza da Tometi suka shirya bayan wanke Zimmerman daga laifin. Babin ya kammala da cewa: "Mu tsara ce da aka kira mu zuwa ga aiki."  Jaridar *Times Literary Supplement* ta ɗauki littafin a matsayin "abin alfahari."  Ya bayyana a lamba ta 12 a jerin littattafan da ba na almara ba na Mafi Kyawun Siyarwa  a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, 2018. 

An fitar da littafinta na biyu ta hannun St Martin's Press a ranar 25 ga Janairu 2022, mai taken *An Abolitionist's Handbook: Matakai 12 don Canza Kanka da Duniya* . Cullors ta bayyana shi a matsayin jagora ga masu fafutuka kan yadda za su kula da junansu da kuma warware rikice-rikicen cikin gida yayin yakin neman zabe.  

### Talabijin da fim
Masu fafutuka sun fito a cikin shirin gaskiya na shekarar 2016 *[[Kasancewa Woke: Black Lives Matter Movement|mai suna Stay Woke: The Black Lives Matter Movement]]* .

Daga baya ta shirya shirin YouTube Originals *Resist*, wanda aka fara gabatarwa a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, 2020. Shirin mai sassa 12 ya biyo bayan Cullors da sauran masu fafutuka a cikin shirin na tsawon mintuna 6-11. An watsa shirin kyauta a tashar YouTube ta Cullors, kuma ta bayyana shi a matsayin wanda aka karrama, tana shaida wa IndieWire cewa "Mutane sun yi matukar farin ciki, kuma ina ganin ina mamakin yadda shirin bai yi gundura ba."    

A watan Oktoban 2020, Cullors ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru da yawa tare da Warner Brothers don haɓaka shirye-shiryen asali waɗanda suka mayar da hankali kan faɗaɗa ra'ayoyin Black Lives Matter da Black, amma daga baya an soke kwangilar a 2022 bayan da aka ruwaito cewa ba ta samar da wani abu ba.   

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Cullors ta bayyana kanta a matsayin queer .  A shekarar 2016, ta auri Janaya Khan, wata mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a wacce ta kafa Black Lives Matter Toronto .   

## Takaddama
A shekarar 2021, cece-kuce ya taso a wasu kafafen yada labarai, bayan rahotannin cewa Cullors (ko ƙungiyoyin da ke da alaƙa da ita) sun sayi gidaje da dama a cikin shekaru biyar.  Masu suka sun zarge ta da amfani da ƙungiyar Black Lives Matter don wadatar da kanta kuma sun zarge ta da kasancewa munafuki don siyan gidajen a matsayin wanda ke bayyana a matsayin " Marxist ."   Cullors ta musanta duk wani laifi kuma ta kare ayyukanta a matsayin ƙoƙarin kula da iyalinta kuma ta bayyana sukar a matsayin "ƙoƙari na ɓata suna da cin zarafi a gare ni da iyalina" ta hannun 'yan siyasa. A ranar 13 ga Afrilu, Gidauniyar Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation ta musanta cewa ta biya kuɗin siyan gidaje kuma ta ce ba su biya ta ba tun 2019, ta ƙara da cewa ta karɓi dala 120,000 kacal tun 2013 saboda gudanar da aikinta da ya shafi ƙungiyar.    

Wani ɗan'uwanta Paul, mai zane-zanen bango kuma wanda ya kafa Cullors Protection LLC, ya karɓi dala 840,000 daga BLMGNF don tsaro da ba da shawara.  Cullors ta kare ɗaukar ɗan'uwanta aiki, tana mai cewa kamfanonin tsaro masu rijista waɗanda suka ɗauki tsoffin jami'an 'yan sanda ba za a iya amincewa da su ba.

Wasu masu fafutukar BLM sun zarge ta da "yin amfani da ikonmu da kuma cin gajiyar yaƙinmu." Reshe goma na gida na Gidauniyar sun yi iƙirarin cewa Cullors ta zama babban darektanta "ba tare da son ran yawancin surori ba kuma ba tare da saninsu ba," cewa an hana masu shirya surori rinjayar jagorancin ƙungiyar, kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ba ta ba da tallafin kuɗi kaɗan ko babu ga surori na gida tun lokacin da aka kafa ta a 2013. Cullors ta yi murabus daga shugabancin Gidauniyar a watan Mayun 2021, kuma daga baya ta bayyana gajiyar tunani daga cece-kucen, tana mai cewa tana karɓar magani saboda matsalar damuwa bayan tashin hankali .

A shekarar 2022, Cullors ta musanta zargin amfani da gudummawar da aka bai wa Gidauniyar Black Lives Matter Global Network ba bisa ka'ida ba, amma ta amince ta karbi bakuncin wasu liyafa biyu a wani gida da Gidauniyar BLM ta saya kan dala miliyan 6. 

## Kyaututtuka

* 2007 Mario Savio, Matashin Mai Fafutukar Kare Na Shekara 
* Mai Shirya Tarihi na NAACP, 2015 
* Tare da Opal Tometi, da Alicia Garza (a matsayin "The Women of #BlackLivesMatter") an lissafa su a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mutane tara da suka zo na biyu a cikin jerin 'Yan takarar *The Advocate* ' Person of the Year, 2015 
*  Mai Kyau ta Shekara, 2016 
* Ɗaya daga cikin Manyan Shugabannin Duniya na , 2016 
* Digirin girmamawa na digiri daga Jami'ar Clarkson 
* wanda ya karɓi kyautar José Muñoz ta 2018 daga CLAGS: Cibiyar Nazarin LGBTQ a Cibiyar Digiri ta CUNY 
* A shekarar 2015, jaridar *[[Los Angeles Times]]* ta sanya mata suna ɗaya daga cikin "sabbin shugabannin kare haƙƙin jama'a." 
* A watan Yunin 2020, don girmama cika shekaru 50 na faretin LGBTQ Pride na farko, *Queerty* ta sanya mata suna cikin jarumai 50 "wadanda ke jagorantar al'umma zuwa ga daidaito, karɓuwa, da mutunci ga dukkan mutane."  
* A shekarar 2020, an saka ta cikin jerin mutane 100 mafi tasiri a duniya da *[[Time (magazine)|Time]]*  fitar. 
* Cullors tana cikin jerin mata 100 na BBC da aka sanar a watan Nuwamba na 2020. 
* Tare da Opal Tometi da Alicia Garza, an nada Cullors a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Matan Shekara ta 2013 ta *[[Time (magazine)|Lokaci]]* a shekarar 2020 a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikinta na "Mata 100 na Shekara". 

## Manazarta