Carmen Pereira

**Carmen Maria de Araújo Pereira** (22 Satumba 1936 - 4 Yuni 2016) 'yar siyasar  Bissau-Guinean ce. Ta rike matsayin  na kwanaki uku a matsayin mukaddashin shugaban kasa a shekarar 1984, ta zama mace ta farko da ta rike wannan matsayi  a Afirka kuma ita kadai ce a tarihin Guinea-Bissau. Ta rike matsayin na lokaci mafi gajerci matsayin  mukaddashin shugaban kasa, tayi aiki ne kawai na tsawon kwana uku a ofis. Ta mutu a Bissau a ranar 4 ga Yuni 2016. 

## Rayuwa ta farko
Carmen Pereira 'ya ce ga daya daga cikin 'yan tsirarun lauyoyin Afirka a mulkin mallaka na Portugal a lokacin. Ta yi aure tun tana ƙarama, kuma ita da mijinta sun shiga cikin Yakin ’Yancin Kai na Guinea-Bissau da Portugal biyo bayan yunkurin Ture mulkin mallaka na 1958-61 wanda ya 'yantar da maƙwabtan Guinea-Bisau daga mulkin Turai. 

## Gwagwarmayar  'yancin kai
Pereira ta shiga siyasa ne a shekarar 1962, a yayin da ta shiga jam'iyyar African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC), wata ƙungiya ta juyin juya hali da ke neman 'yancin kai ga yankuna biyu na Portugal a Yammacin Afirka. Ita da mijinta dukansu suna aiki a  jam'iyyar. Mijinta ya kasance cikin jam'iyyar na tsawon lokaci, kuma ta yi aure tun tana ƙarama. A cikin 1966, kwamitin tsakiya na PAIGC ya fara tattara mata daidai da maza, kuma Pereira ya zama shugaban juyin juya hali, Jami'in Siyasa, da kwamandan. 

Duk da yake cewa mata kadan ne suka yi yaƙi a kan gaba, PAIGC ta kasance na musamman tana tursasawa don samun daidaito tsakanin jinsi a cikin al'umma da ke da alaka da jinsi. Sauran irin wadannan shugabannin mata da suka fito daga wannan kokarin a cikin PAIGC sun hada da Teodora Inácia Gomes, kuma mafi shahara, Titina Silla . Pereira ta zama babban shugaban siyasa kuma wakili a Kungiyar Mata ta Pan-African a Aljeriya.  An tilasta mata barin kasar, ta zauna a Senegal kafin ta yi tafiya zuwa Tarayyar Soviet don karatun likita.

## ‘Yar siyasa
Daga baya, a bayan ta dawo Guinea-Bissau, ta zamo mai aiki a akan al'amuran kiwon lafiya da siyasa. An zabe ta a Majalisar Dokokin Jama'a. Ta kasance Mukaddashin Shugaban Majalisar daga 1973-84. 

Tsakanin 1975 da 1980, ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Majalisa na lokacin gwamnatin João Bernardo Vieira . Daga 1981 zuwa 1983 Pereira ta zamo Ministan Lafiya da Harkokin Jama'a na Guinea-Bissau . An sake zabar ta a matsayin Shugaban Majalisar Jama'a ta Kasa daga 1984, ta bar wannan mukamin a 1989 don zama memba na Majalisar Jiha.

A matsayinta na Shugabar Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa, ta zamo Shugabar Guinea-Bissau na rikon kwaryar tun 14 zuwa 16 ga Mayu 1984 kafin a gabatar da sabon kundin tsarin mulki.

Pereira ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Jiha tun 1989 zuwa 1990, kuma ta kasance Ministan Jiha na Harkokin al’umma a 1990 da 1991. Wannan na karshen ya sanya ta Mataimakiyar  Firayim Minista na Guinea-Bissau sama da shekara guda. Vieira ya kore ta a shekarar 1992.

## Manazarta

## Ƙarin karantawa

* Ly, Aliou "Binciken yakin 'yanci na Guinea-Bissau: PAIGC, UDEMU da batun' yancin mata, 1963-74." Portuguese Journal of Social Science 14, No. 3 (2015): 361-377.
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## Haɗin waje

* WOMEN IN POWER 1940-1970, Jagoran Duniya ga Mata a Jagora, jagora2womenleaders.com; an samo shi a ranar 20 ga Janairun 2009.