Linda Lewis

**Linda Ann Fredericks** (27 Satumba 1950 - 3 Mayu 2023), wanda aka fi sani da **Linda Lewis**, mawaƙiya ce ta Ingila, marubuciya kuma mawaƙiya. An fi saninta da waƙoƙin "Rock-a-Doodle-Doo" (1973) da kuma waƙoƙinta na Betty Everett "The Shoop Shoop Song" (1975).  Rubuce-rubucen ta sun haɗa da kundin solo, *Lark* (1972), Not a Little Girl Anymore (1975), Woman Overboard (1977), da kuma *Yanayi na Biyu* (1995),  wanda ya ci nasara a ƙasashe kamar Japan. Lewis ya kuma ba da goyon baya ga wasu masu fasaha, ciki har da David Bowie, Al Kooper, Cat Stevens, Steve Harley &amp;amp; Cockney Rebel, Rick Wakeman, Rod Stewart, Stomu Yamashta, Peter Bardens,  Hummingbird, Joan Armatrading da Jamiroquai. 

Ita ce babba cikin yara shida, uku daga cikinsu suna da sana'ar waka. Lewis ya kasance mai koyar da kansa da kuma mai kunna keyboard, wanda Harry Nilsson, Billie Holiday da Smokey Robinson suka rinjaye shi, kuma ya jawo wahayi daga wasu kamar Joni Mitchell.[1] Waƙarta ta haɗu da mutane, funk da rai

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Linda Fredericks a Custom House, Newham, a cikin 1950. [1] Mahaifinta dan asalin Jamaica ne, kuma mahaifiyarta 'yar Guyanese ce.[2] Iyayenta sun sake aure lokacin da take 'yar shekara uku, don haka mahaifiyarta ce ta yi renonta, wacce ita ma mawaƙa ce. Ta halarci makarantar St Angela's Ursuline don 'yan mata a Forest Gate, London E7. [2] Lewis ta halarci makarantar mataki kuma an jefa ta a kai a kai a cikin talabijin da ba na magana ba da kuma fina-finai kamar A Taste of Honey (1961); ta bayyana a matsayin mai kuka a fim din Beatles na farko, A Hard Day's Night (1964) kuma ta raira waƙa ga jama'a.[3] Ta shiga The Q Set, ƙungiyar Burtaniya wacce ta yi ska da blue beat, kiɗa na Jamaican

A shekara ta 1964, ta raira "Dancing in the Street" tare da John Lee Hooker a kulob din da ke Southend-on-Sea .  Hooker ya gabatar da ita ga Ian Samwell, wanda ya shirya Don Arden ya sarrafa ta. Ta sanya hannu tare da Polydor kuma a cikin 1967 ta rubuta guda "You Turned My Bitter into Sweet", wanda yanzu shine rikodin Arewacin Soul. Polydor ta damu da cewa sunanta, Linda Fredericks, zai rikice da Linda Kendrick, wanda kuma ya sanya hannu a Polydor. Fredericks ya yi amfani da sunan Linda Lewis don girmama mawaƙa Barbara Lewis . Har ila yau, 'yan uwanta mata, Dee Lewis da Shirley Lewis, da mahaifiyarta za su yi amfani da sunan mahaifiyarta.

### Shekaru na 1970

A cikin 1967, Linda Lewis ta kafa White Rabbit tare da Junior Kerr  yana ci gaba da maye gurbin Marsha Hunt a cikin ƙungiyar soul rock The Ferris Wheel a cikin 1970 da kuma yawon shakatawa Turai tare da su. Ta kuma rubuta kundin Ferris Wheel (1970) da kuma "Can't Stop Now" tare da su kafin ƙungiyar ta rabu a wannan shekarar. A shekara ta 1971, Lewis ta bayyana a Bikin Glastonbury na biyu (inda ta yi wasa tare da Terry Reid da David Lindley), bayan da DJ da mai ba da labari Jeff Dexter suka yi rajista. Bayan ganawa da mai gudanarwa na Warner Bros. Records Ian Ralfini, Lewis ya sanya hannu kan lakabin Reprise. Lewis kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin Mai ba da murya a wannan lokacin,  wanda ya haifar da bayyanarta a kan kundin kamar Possible Projection of the Future na Al Kooper, David Bowie's *Aladdin San* (1973), Cat Stevens's Catch Bull at Four (1972) da kuma Hummingbird's first album Hummingbird (1975).  Daga nan sai ta sanya hannu kan sabon lakabin "Raft" na Family.

Ta farko buga "Rock-a-Doodle-Doo" ya kai No. 15 a cikin UK Singles Chart a lokacin rani na 1973,  kuma an bi shi da kundin Fathoms Deep,  wanda ya ƙunshi tsohon guitarist na Jeff Beck Group Bobby Tench.  Wannan kundin ya kafa ta a matsayin daya daga cikin 'yan wasan mata masu raira waƙa da marubuta a Burtaniya kuma an yaba da ita sosai, amma ba ta da nasarar da ake tsammani, mai yiwuwa saboda Raft Records ya zama mara kuɗi a wannan lokacin. Koyaya, bayyanar da yawa a cikin shirin BBC TV Top of the Pops ya ɗaga bayanin ta, kuma yawon shakatawa mai zurfi na duniya tare da Cat Stevens ya biyo baya. A lokacin da ta dawo cikin ɗakin studio, ta sanya hannu a Arista Records kuma ta rubuta abin da zai zama kundi mai ban sha'awa Not a Little Girl Anymore (1975), wanda ya ƙunshi Allen Toussaint da sashin ƙaho na Hasumiyar Wutar. An saki murfin "The Shoop Shoop Song" a matsayin guda, a ƙarƙashin taken "It's in His Kiss", a lokaci guda da kundin, ya kai No. 6 a cikin UK Singles Chart .  Waƙoƙin "The Old Schoolyard" wanda Cat Stevens ya rubuta mata, da kuma "It's in His Kiss" ƙungiyar Tony Sylvester da Bert de Coteaux ne suka samar da su. A ranar 5 ga Yulin 1975, Lewis ya buɗe Bikin Knebworth, Roy Harper, Kyaftin Beefheart da Magic Band, Steve Miller Band da Pink Floyd sun biyo baya. Ta yi waka a kan kundin Go Too, wanda aka saki a 1977, tare da Jess Roden . Sauran kundi uku sun biyo baya a cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa. A cikin 1986 da 1987, ta yi rikodin tare da 'yan uwanta mata Dee da Shirley a matsayin Lewis, sannan a matsayin Lewis Sisters . 

### Shekaru na baya
A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, Lewis ta janye daga rayuwar jama'a kuma ta koma Los Angeles kodayake, a cikin 1984, ta sake bayyana a Glastonbury Festival, da kuma yin rikodin Electricity Records. A shekara ta 1992 ta yi aiki a kan kundin Joan Armatrading Square the Circle a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa, tare da 'yar'uwarta Shirley da Sylvia Mason-James . Daga nan sai ta koma yin rikodin *Yanayi na Biyu* (1995),  wanda ya sami nasara a cikin sigogi na Japan. Nasarar ta haifar da wasan kwaikwayo na kai tsaye, wanda aka rubuta kuma aka saki a matsayin On the Stage - Live in Japan (1996). Sauran kundi uku sun biyo baya. Warner Bros. Records ta fitar da Reach for the Truth: The Best of the Reprise Years (2002), wani tarihin aikinta a cikin shekaru talatin da suka gabata. Wannan ya biyo bayan BMG da ta saki The Best of Linda Lewis (2003),  wanda ya hada da waƙoƙin da ta buga. A cikin shekara ta 2003 ta kuma bayyana a Glastonbury Festival,  kuma BBC Television ta yi fim din lokacin da ta bayyana a Jazz World Stage.  Ta sake bayyana a bikin 2011.

Tare da irin waɗannan mawaƙa kamar Clem Curtis, Roy Phillips, da Glenn Tilbrook, Lewis ya haɗa kai da Lord Large, yana yin rikodin waƙar "Work it Out", wanda ya bayyana a cikin kundin 2007 The Lord's First XI . 

Waƙarta "Old Smokey" ta yi amfani da rapper Common, a kan waƙarsa "Go!" (2005),  wanda ya bayyana a cikin kundin sa Be (2005).  Kanye West ne ya samar da wannan kuma ya kai No. 1 a kan sigogi na R & R&amp;amp;B da Hip Hop na Amurka. Ta yi rikodin Live in Old Smokey (2006), wanda ya ƙunshi sabbin waƙoƙi da aka saki a baya kuma ya zagaya Ingila a wannan shekarar. A ranar 28 ga Oktoba 2006, The National Portrait Gallery ya buɗe wani nune-nunen da ake kira Photographs 1965-2006,  wanda ya nuna hoton tsohon mijin Lewis Jim Cregan  da sauran masu zaman kansu, kamar Shirley Bassey. A shekara ta 2007, ta yi tafiya tare da Soul Britannia All Stars a Ingila, kuma a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu 2007, BBC Four ta nuna wasan kwaikwayon Lewis, a cikin rikodin minti sittin na wasan kwaikwayo na Barbican tare da Soul Bretannia All Stars . A watan Yuni na wannan shekarar, ta yi aiki tare da Basement Jaxx a kan "Close Your Eyes", wanda aka nuna a Fim din anime na Japan *Vexille* . A cikin 2023, Lewis ya haɗu da ƙungiyar folk-funk ta Burtaniya The Paracosmos . Ɗaya daga cikin su "Earthling" ya ƙunshi ƙarin murya ta Lewis. An saki ɗayan a watan Maris na shekara ta 2023 kuma an gabatar da shi a wasan kwaikwayo na BBC 6 na Gilles Peterson inda ya yi shelar "Linda Lewis ta dawo". Ɗaya zai zama saki na ƙarshe a lokacin rayuwarta.&nbsp;