Masu neman mafakar maza- mata

**Masu neman mafakar maza- mata** su ne masu neman mafaka a wata ƙasa saboda tsangwama ko tsanantawa a ƙasashensu. Mutanen da suka canza jinsi sukan gudu saboda yanayin rayuwa mai haɗari da wariya.

Saboda rashin daidaituwar jinsinsu, masu neman mafakar maza da mata suna fuskantar babban haɗari ga lafiyar kwakwalwarsu da ta jiki. Masu neman mafakar maza da mata suna fuskantar ƙalubale mafi girma idan aka kwatanta da masu neman mafakar cisgender waɗanda asalin jinsi ɗaya yake da jima'i da aka ba su lokacin haihuwa. Kalubalen da masu neman mafakar maza da mata ke fuskanta sun haɗa da haɗari mafi girma na cin zarafi ta jiki da ta jima'i, azabtarwa, ayyukan "maganin juzu'i", da kuma keɓewar tilastawa. A sakamakon haka, masu canza jinsi suna fuskantar ƙalubale a cikin tsarin mafakar da wasu ba su fuskanta ba.

Kamar yadda aka ayyana a cikin Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 1951 dangane da Matsayin Yan Gudun Hijira, ɗan gudun hijira ko mai neman mafaka shine kowane "mutum saboda ingantaccen tsoron ana tsananta masa saboda dalilai na kabilanci, addini ... [ko] zama memba [ga] wani rukunin zamantakewa na musamman [wanda ba zai iya] amfana da kansa daga kariyar wannan ƙasa" wanda baya haɗawa da nuna bambanci. A cikin Amurka, dokokin nuna wariya na tushen jinsi sun dogara ne akan abubuwan da mata masu cin zarafi suka samu, saboda haka, ana tilasta wa masu ƙaura zuwa ƙauracewa ƙayyadaddun tsarin mafaka waɗanda ke keɓance asalinsu.[3] Bugu da ƙari, ba a haɗa abubuwan da suka faru ba saboda an ga "ƙwarewar 'yan gudun hijira" ta hanyar ƙa'idodin Eurocentric saboda daidaitaccen lokaci da ma'anar ɗan gudun hijira bayan Yaƙin Duniya na 2 kuma shi ma babban nau'i ne.

Misali, da'awar mafaka da 'yan gudun hijirar transgender suka yi ana la'akari da su a ƙarƙashin tushen tsanantawa saboda shigarsu cikin wata ƙungiyar zamantakewa a Amurka. Wannan bukata tana nufin kasancewa memba a ƙungiyar jama'a bai isa ba don neman mafaka, amma dole ne 'yan gudun hijira su tabbatar da cewa an tsananta musu saboda matsayin ƙungiyarsu don samun mafaka. Ana buƙatar masu neman mafakar maza da mata su ba da "tabbacin canjin jinsi" wanda ke sake haifar da ra'ayoyi masu cutarwa na binaries na jinsi.

Manufofin da tsare-tsare masu ƙaƙƙarfan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsari sun haɗa da ƙarin lokacin tsarewar dole da kuma ƙarin lokacin sarrafawa. Saboda tsawon lokacin aiki, ana tilasta masu ƙaura su kasance a wuraren da ake tsare da su yayin da suke jira da fuskantar cin zarafi saboda wuraren da aka raba su ta hanyar binaries. Sakamakon haka, ana buƙatar masu neman mafaka na transgender su kewaya hadaddun hanyoyin shari'a da fuskantar rauni a duk lokacin aikin.

Wadannan matakai, saboda haka, suna haifar da matsanancin damuwa na tunani da ta jiki yayin da 'yan gudun hijira ke tafiya cikin tsarin mafaka.

## Kasashen asali
Masu canza jinsi na iya fuskantar "tsanani mai tsanani" a cikin ƙasashen da suka gudu, ko da a wuraren da ba su da dokokin hana transgender: 8-9  Ko da kuwa ka'idodin hana canza jinsi, tsauraran ka'idojin jinsi da ke akwai a ƙasashe da yawa, suna danganta namiji da mace da mata, suna fuskantar cin zarafi. Saboda masu canza jinsi sukan ƙaura daga gano jima'i da aka ba su lokacin haihuwa, ko kuma suna jin kamar jinsin su yana da ruwa, yawancin 'yan gudun hijirar transgender suna fuskantar tsanantawa, wariya, da transphobia a cikin ƙasashensu. Rashin kunya da tashin hankali da wannan rukunin 'yan gudun hijirar ke fuskanta zai iya faruwa a wurare daban-daban, ciki har da a cikin gida, wurin aiki, tare da masu ba da lafiya, ko kuma kawai daga yawan jama'a.

Bincike ya nuna cewa mutanen transgender suna fuskantar babban rashin lahani na zamantakewar al'umma, ƙarin fallasa ga al'amuran da suka faru, da ƙarin damuwa fiye da daidaikun masu ci gaba a cikin ƙasashensu. Wadannan mutane kuma sukan fuskanci nau'i-nau'i iri-iri na wulakanci da suka shafi aikinsu, samun damar kula da lafiya, gidaje, da sauransu. Wani daftarin aiki na bita na aikace-aikacen mafaka na 'yan gudun hijirar transgender na Mexico ya bayyana jigogi da yawa na gama gari, suna mai da hankali kan abubuwan da suka shafi damuwa, sakamakon kiwon lafiya na waɗannan matsalolin, da ayyukan da masu neman mafakar transgender ke samu. A wurinsu na asali, Mexico, kowane mai neman mafaka ya fuskanci wasu matakan cin zarafi, ta jiki, da jima'i, yanayi mara kyau, tsoro ga amincinsa da tsaro, da rashin tsaro na tattalin arziki.

Masu neman mafakar maza da mata suna neman mafaka daga sassa da dama na duniya.

## Manazarta