Leonora Barry

**Leonora M. Kearney Barry** ( née Kearney; bayan auren farko, Barry; bayan auren na biyu, Lake; 13 ga Agusta 1849 - 18 ga Yuli 1923) ta kasance mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam 'yar asalin ƙasar Ireland-Amurka. A matsayinta na mace ɗaya tilo da ta riƙe muƙamin ƙasa a cikin ƙungiyar Knights of Labour, ta jawo hankali ga yanayin mata masu aiki ta hanyar shigarta cikin ƙungiyar gyaran aikin kwadago. Ta kuma ƙara wa ci gaban haƙƙin mata a lokacin bayan Yaƙin Basasa da Sake Ginawa na Amurka . 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Leonora M. Kearney a County Cork, Ireland, ga John da Honor Granger Kearney. Mahaifin Leonora manomi ne ɗan ƙasar Ireland wanda ya ƙaura da iyalinsa zuwa ƙauyen Pierrepont, New York, a shekarar 1852 don guje wa Babban Yunwa . 

A shekara ta 1864, mahaifiyar Leonora ta mutu. Bayan mahaifinta ya sake auren wata mata da ta girme ta da shekaru biyar, Leonora ta yanke shawarar zuwa makarantar koyarwa. Bayan ta bar gida don gujewa tashin hankali tsakaninta da sabuwar matar mahaifinta, ta ɗauki matakin tuntuɓar shugaban makarantar 'yan mata a Colton, New York, wanda ta sami koyarwa ta sirri na tsawon makonni shida.  Tana da shekaru goma sha shida, Leonora ta sami takardar shaidar malamarta kuma, a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ta koyar a wata makarantar gida. 

## Aure da aiki
Leonora ta auri William E. Barry, ɗan ƙasar Ireland wanda ya yi ƙaura zuwa Kanada sannan ya koma New York, a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 1871. A matsayinsa na mai zane kuma mawaƙi, ya ƙaura tare da matarsa zuwa Potsdam, New York, inda ma'auratan suka haifi ɗansu na fari, Marion Frances, a shekara ta 1873.  Duk da cewa malamai ba su da isassun kuɗi bayan Yaƙin Basasa, bayan aurenta da William Barry ta fuskanci wariya a wurin aikinta: dokar jihar ta buƙaci ta daina aikinta na malamar makaranta saboda yanzu matar aure ce. Wannan ya tilasta mata komawa aikin hannu. Iyalin sun yi ƙaura akai-akai, ciki har da zuwa Haydensville, Massachusetts, da Amsterdam, New York, kuma ta haifi 'ya'ya maza biyu, William Standish a shekara ta 1875 da Charles Joseph a shekara ta 1880. Lokacin da mijinta ya mutu sakamakon cutar huhu, da 'yarta ba da daɗewa ba, Barry ya fara aiki a matsayin mai ɗinki amma ya ga aikin yana gajiyar da shi.  Daga nan ta sami aiki a wani masana'antar hosiery a Amsterdam inda ita da abokan aikinta mata ke fuskantar mawuyacin hali, dogon lokaci, da ƙarancin albashi.  Sau da yawa tana samun kanta tana aiki sama da awanni 70 a mako, kuma tare da albashi bisa ga abin da take samu, tana samun senti goma sha ɗaya kawai a ranar farko da senti 65 kacal a makon farko. 

## Ƙungiyar 'Yan Kwadago da fafutukar kare haƙƙin ma'aikata
A matsayin hanyar ɗaukar mataki kan rashin adalcin da mata ke fuskanta a cikin ma'aikata, Barry ta shiga reshen mata na yankin na Knights of Labour a shekarar 1885, [1] a lokacin da membobin ƙungiyar ƙasa suka kai kololuwarta. Da farko Knights of Labor ta yi aiki a matsayin ƙungiyar sirri ga ma'aikatan tufafi na Philadelphia amma an mayar da ita ƙungiya da nufin haɓaka ƙungiyar gyaran aiki daga matsayi ɗaya. [2] Barry, wanda aka tilasta masa yin aiki a masana'anta saboda buƙatar tattalin arziki, ya wakilci mace mai aiki ta ƙungiyar. [3]

### Manazarta