Dokar lafiyar kwakwalwa

Dokar kiwon lafiya ta hankali ta haɗa da batutuwa daban-daban na shari'a kuma sun shafi mutanen da ke da ganewar asali ko yiwuwar ganewar asali na yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa, da kuma wadanda ke da hannu wajen sarrafawa ko kula da irin waɗannan mutane. Dokokin da suka shafi lafiyar kwakwalwa sun hada da:

* Dokokin aiki, gami da dokokin da ke hana nuna bambanci a aiki bisa ga yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa, suna buƙatar masauki mai ma'ana a wurin aiki, da kuma samar da izinin lafiyar kwakwalwa.
* dokokin inshora, gami da dokokin da ke kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa ta hanyar tsare-tsaren inshora na likita, inshora na nakasassu, diyya na ma'aikata, da Inshora na nakasasa na Tsaro na Jama'a;
* dokokin gidaje, gami da nuna bambanci a gidaje da yanki;
* dokokin ilimi, gami da dokokin da ke hana nuna bambanci, da dokokin da suke buƙatar masauki mai ma'ana, daidaito ga shirye-shirye da ayyuka, da kuma ilimin jama'a kyauta;
* dokokin da ke ba da haƙƙin magani;
* ba da son rai ba da dokoki na kula;
* dokoki da ke jagorantar masu kula da magani, gami da dokokin lasisi, sirri, yardar da aka sani, da rashin aikin likita.
* dokoki da ke kula da shigar da shaidar kwararru ko wasu shaidu na kwakwalwa a kotu; da
* dokokin aikata laifuka, gami da dokokin da ke kula da dacewa don shari'a ko kisa, da kuma kare hauka.

Dokar kiwon lafiyar kwakwalwa ta sami kulawa kaɗan a cikin forums na shari'a. Jami'ar Memphis Cecil C. Humphreys School of Law a cikin 2011 ta ba da sanarwar kafa mujallar shari'a mai suna "Mental Health Law & Policy Journal"

## Amurka

### Aiki
Taken I na Dokar Amurkawa da Naƙasasshe ta 1990 ("ADA") doka ce ta haƙƙin ɗan adam wacce ke kare mutane da baƙin ciki, rikicewar damuwa ("PTSD"), da sauran yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa a wurin aiki. Ya haramta ma'aikata tare da ma'aikata 15 ko fiye daga korar, ƙin hayar, ko ɗaukar wasu matakai marasa kyau a kan mai neman aiki ko ma'aikaci bisa ga ainihin yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Har ila yau, yana iyakance yanayin da ma'aikaci zai iya neman bayani game da yanayin kiwon lafiya, gami da yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa, kuma yana sanya bukatun sirri akan duk wani bayanin kiwon lafiya da ma'aikatar ke da shi.

ADA kuma tana buƙatar ma'aikata su samar da masauki mai ma'ana ga masu neman aiki ko ma'aikata da ke da yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa a wasu yanayi. Gida mai ma'ana tsari ne na musamman ko kayan aiki wanda mutum yake buƙata saboda yanayin kiwon lafiya don neman aiki, yin aiki, ko jin daɗin fa'idodi da gata na aiki. Misalan sun haɗa da jadawalin sassauci, canje-canje a cikin hanyar kulawa, da izinin yin aiki daga gida. Don samun damar samun masauki mai ma'ana, yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa na ma'aikaci dole ne ya cika ma'anar ADA game da "nakasa ta yanzu. " Yanayin da ya kamata su cancanci sauƙin haɗawa da babban baƙin ciki, PTSD, rikicewar bipolar, rikice-rikice na damuwa ("OCD"), da schizophrenia. Sauran yanayi na iya cancanta, dangane da abin da alamun zasu kasance idan an bar yanayin ba tare da magani ba, a lokacin wani abu mai aiki (idan yanayin ya haɗa da abubuwan da suka faru).  Alamomin ba sa buƙatar zama masu tsanani ko na dindindin don yanayin ya zama nakasa a ƙarƙashin ADA.

Ƙarƙashin Dokar Bayar da Iyali da Lafiya ta 1993 (FMLA), wasu ma'aikata suna da damar har zuwa makonni goma sha biyu na aikin kariya ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba don murmurewa daga rashin lafiya mai tsanani ko kuma kula da dangin da ke da ciwo mai tsanani, da wasu dalilai.  Don cancanta, dole ne ma'aikaci ya kasance yana da ma'aikata 50 ko sama da haka a cikin 20 ko fiye da makonnin aiki a cikin wannan shekara ko ta baya, ko kuma dole ne ya zama hukumar jama'a, makarantar firamare, ko makarantar sakandare, kuma dole ne ma'aikaci ya yi aiki ga ma'aikaci na akalla watanni 12, dole ne ya sami aƙalla sa'o'i 1,250 na sabis ga ma'aikaci a cikin watanni 12 na aiki, nan da nan dole ne ma'aikaci ya bar wurin aiki a cikin watanni 12.  a cikin 75 mil.

## Ƙasar Ingila
Dokoki daban-daban ciki har da Dokar Kiwon Lafiyar Hankali ta 1983 da Dokar Ƙarfin Hankali ta 2005 suna gudanar da dokar kula da lafiyar hankali da ke bai wa ƙwararrun kiwon lafiyar hankali ikon aikata ɗaiɗaikun mutane, yi musu magani ba tare da izini ba da sanya takunkumi a kansu yayin da suke cikin jama'a ta hanyar sadaukar da kai, bisa ga ƙa'idodin wannan doka.  Ana iya ƙalubalantar waɗannan hukunce-hukuncen ta hanyar kotunan kula da lafiyar hankali waɗanda ke ƙunshe da membobin shari'a, kodayake ƙwararrun lafiyar hankali ne kawai ke yanke shawarar farko..

## A duk faɗin duniya
Ana amfani da dokokin kiwon lafiya na kwakwalwa sosai wajen kula da cututtukan kwakwalwa, kamar su dementia ko psychosis, da nakasa na ci gaba inda mutum ba shi da ikon yin aiki a hanyar da ta dace kuma yana buƙatar magani da / ko wani mutum don yin aiki a cikin mafi kyawun sha'awarsa. Dokokin gabaɗaya suna rufe buƙatu da hanyoyin da ake buƙata don sadaukarwa ba tare da son rai ba da magani na tilas a asibitin mahaukaci ko wasu wurare.

A wasu yankuna, ana buƙatar umarnin kotu don magani na tilas; a wasu, likitocin kwakwalwa na iya bi da su ta hanyar bin hanyoyin da aka tsara, yawanci tare da hanyar daukaka kara ko bincike na yau da kullun don tabbatar da bin doka kamar ta Kotunan lafiyar kwakwalwa.

### Tushen doka
Dokar kiwon lafiyar kwakwalwa ta haɗa da fannoni na shari'ar farar hula da mai laifi da na doka.

Dokar gama gari ta dogara ne akan ka'idojin shari'ar Ingilishi na dogon lokaci, kamar yadda aka fassara ta hanyar shari'a. Ka'idodin shari'a da suka shafi lafiya kwakwalwa sun haɗa da mens rea, kariya ta hauka; ma'anar shari'a na "sanin," "wauta," da "marasa iyawa;" yardar da aka sani; da kuma sarrafa kansa, da sauransu da yawa.

Dokar doka yawanci tana ɗaukar nau'in dokar kiwon lafiyar kwakwalwa. Misali shine Dokar Lafiya ta Zuciya ta 1983 a Ingila da Wales. Wadannan ayyukan suna tsara fannoni na maganin rashin lafiya na kwakwalwa kuma suna ba da dokoki da hanyoyin da za a bi da kuma azabtarwa don karya doka.

Ba duk ƙasashe ba ne ke da ayyukan kiwon lafiyar kwakwalwa. Rahoton Lafiya na Duniya (2001) ya lissafa kashi masu zuwa, ta yanki, ga ƙasashe da ke da kuma ba tare da dokokin kiwon lafiyar kwakwalwa ba.