'Yancin Dan Adam a Belgium

A cewar masu lura da kasa da kasa, ana girmama haƙƙin ɗan adam a Belgium gabaɗaya kuma doka da shari'a suna ba da ingantattun hanyoyin magance lokuta na cin zarafi. Koyaya, jami'an kare hakkin dan adam na duniya sun ba da rahoton wasu damuwa game da yadda ake bi da masu neman mafaka, yawan jama'a a kurkuku da kuma haramtacciyar sutura. An soke Hukuncin kisa gaba ɗaya kuma an haɗa haramtacciyar hukuncin kisa a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Belgium. Belgium memba ce ta kafa Tarayyar Turai da Majalisar Turai kuma mai sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Turai kan ''Yancin ɗan adam . Belgium tana da ƙananan batutuwa game da cin hanci da rashawa kuma an sanya ta 15 daga cikin kasashe 167 da aka bincika a cikin Transparency International's 2015 Corruption Perceptions Index.

## 'Yancin asali
Tsarin mulki na Belgium ya ba da tabbacin 'yancin magana da na' yan jarida, kodayake ba bisa ka'ida ba ne a musanta Holocaust. 'Yan Belgium suna da damar yin amfani da Intanet kyauta,' yancin ilimi,' yanci na taro,' yankan motsi a cikin ƙasar,' yancen tafiya zuwa ƙasashen waje,' yanciyar ƙaura zuwa ƙasashen duniya da komawa ƙasar.

Akwai damuwa cewa kafofin watsa labarai masu magana da Faransanci, kuma musamman mai watsa shirye-shiryen jama'a na Harshen Faransanci Radio Télévision Belge Francophone (RTBF), suna yin tantancewa a kan jam'iyyun siyasa marasa al'ada, wato ban da manyan jam'iyyu huɗu masu magana da Faransa: Écologiste (ECOLO), Mouvement Réformateur (MR), Socialist Party (PS), da Humanist Democratic Center (CDH). Jam'iyyun da ke da tsattsauran ra'ayi na dama da na hagu suna samun wakilci kaɗan ko babu wakilci a cikin kafofin watsa labarai ko lokacin watsa shirye-shirye. .

Wani rahoto na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2008 ya lura cewa Belgium ba ta riga ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan Kare Hakkin Dukkanin Ma'aikatan Mutanen da membobin Iyalai ba.

## Hakkin jefa kuri'a
Shekaru goma sha takwas shine lokacin da aka sami damar yin zabe. An kafa ikon maza na duniya a shekara ta 1893.  Belgium ita ce ƙasa ta farko a duniya da ta gabatar da jefa kuri'a ta tilas, a cikin 1892 ga maza da 1949 ga mata. Masu jefa kuri'a da suka kasa jefa kuri'u "sun fuskanci tarar matsakaici ko, idan sun kasa jefa kuriʼa a kalla zabuka huɗu, za su iya rasa damar jefa kuri'ar shekaru 10".

Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai, a cikin shari'ar 1971 na *X da Austria*, ta yanke hukuncin cewa "zaɓe na tilas ba ya keta 'yanci na asali, saboda kawai halartar tashar zabe - kuma ba jefa kuri'a kanta ba - wajibi ne, yayin da masu jefa kuri'ar suna da zaɓi na jefa takarda mara kyau ko lalacewa".

## 'Yanci na addini
'Yanci na addini a Belgium an kare shi ta hanyar doka da kundin tsarin mulki. Koyaya, tashin hankali na addini da nuna bambanci, a wasu lokuta, ya kasance batun a cikin al'umma. A cikin rahoton shekara-shekara na shekara-sheko na shekara-finai, Cibiyar Daidaitaccen Dama da Yaki da wariyar launin fata (CEOCR) ta yi gargadi game da karuwar tashin hankali na al'umma, cin zarafi, da nuna bambanci ga Musulmai. Daga cikin abubuwan nuna bambanci na addini 105 da jama'a suka ruwaito ga cibiyar, 94 sun shafi nuna bambanci ga Musulmai. Daga cikin abubuwan ƙiyayya 430 na Intanet da aka ruwaito kashi 80 cikin 100 sun kasance masu adawa da Musulmai. A cikin shekara akwai rahotanni game da ayyukan adawa da Yahudawa da yawa, gami da hare-hare kan mutane, cin zarafin Yahudawa, da lalata dukiyar Yahudawa. Dokar ta haramta maganganun jama'a da ke haifar da ƙiyayya ta ƙasa, launin fata, ko addini, gami da musanta Holocaust.

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2010, Majalisar Wakilai (ƙananan gida) ta kada kuri'a don hana sanya cikakken mayafin fuska kamar niqāb ko burqa. Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam sun yi Allah wadai da wannan yunkuri a matsayin yiwuwar keta haƙƙin 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da' yancin addini na waɗancan matan da ke sanye da burqa ko niqab a matsayin bayyanar ainihin su ko imani.

## Bi da fursunoni da masu neman mafaka
Duk da yake gabaɗaya suna biyan ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa, ƙungiyoyi da yawa na ƙasa da ƙasa sun lura cewa Kurkukun Belgium suna ci gaba da fama da yawan jama'a kuma a watan Yunin 2008 kwamishinan haƙƙin ɗan adam na Majalisar Turai (CE) ya ba da rahoto yana lura cewa kashi 75 cikin ɗari na dukan kurkuku a ƙasar sun cika.

Belgium ta kasance jam'iyya ga Yarjejeniyar 1951 da ta shafi Matsayin 'Yan Gudun Hijira da Yarjejeniyarta ta 1967. Dokokinta suna ba da mafaka ko matsayin 'yan gudun hijira, kuma gwamnati ta kafa tsarin samar da kariya ga' yan gudun hijira. Duk da yake gwamnati gabaɗaya ta ba da kariya daga korar ko dawowar 'yan gudun hijira zuwa ƙasashe inda za a yi barazanar rayukansu ko' yancinsu saboda launin fata, addini, ƙasa, kasancewa memba a cikin wani rukuni na zamantakewa, ko ra'ayi na siyasa; Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambanci na launin fata (CERD) ya soki yanayin da ke cikin cibiyoyin tsare-tsare ga baƙi da masu neman mafaka.

A ranar 16 ga watan Agusta, 2020, reshen Cibiyar Kula da Kurkuku ta Duniya a Brussels ta yi Allah wadai da sabon dokar da hukumomin kurkuku suka zartar zuwa kotun Brussels, wanda ya saba wa haƙƙin ɗan adam na fursunoni kuma musamman haƙƙinsu na shari'a mai adalci.

## 'Yancin mata

Shekarar yarda ita ce 16 kuma hukuncin fyade a Belgium na iya kasancewa daga shekaru 10 zuwa 30. 'Yan sanda na iya shiga gida ba tare da yardar shugaban gida ba yayin binciken korafin tashin hankali na gida kuma akwai mafaka da gwamnati ke tallafawa da layin taimakon tarho ga wadanda ke fama da cin zarafin mata. Cibiyar Harkokin Daidaita Maza da Mata ta Gwamnati ta wanzu ne don manufar inganta daidaiton jinsi kuma tana da ikon kawo karar shari'a.

## Manazarta