Madeleine Pelletier

**Madeleine Pelletier** (18 ga Mayu 1874 - 29 Disamba 1939)  wata likitar tabin hankali ce ta Faransa, 'yar gwagwarmayar mata ta farko kuma mai fafutukar siyasa. An haife shi a birnin Paris, Pelletier ta kasance tana yawan yawan ƙungiyoyin gurguzanci da masu fafutuka a lokacin kuruciyarta. Ta zama likita a cikin shekaru ashirin da haihuwa, ta shawo kan babban gibin ilimi, kuma ita ce mace ta farko a Faransa da ta sami digiri na uku a fannin ilimin tabin hankali. Pelletier ya shiga freemasonry, Sashen Faransa na Ma'aikata na Duniya, kuma ya zo ya jagoranci ƙungiyar mata. Ta yi niyyar shiga cikin juyin juya halin Oktoba amma ta koma cikin rudani. A Faransa, ta ci gaba da bayar da shawarwari game da dalilai na mata da na gurguzu, kuma ta rubuta kasidu, kasidu, da ayyukan wallafe-wallafe, har ma da bin bugun jini a 1937 wanda ya sa ta zama mace . An tuhumi Pelletier da laifin zubar da ciki a shekarar 1939 duk da yanayin da take ciki ya hana ta iya yin wannan aikin. An sanya ta a cikin mafakar tunani inda lafiyarta ta tabarbare kuma ta mutu sakamakon bugun jini na biyu a cikin wannan shekarar.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Pelletier ya fara horar da shi a matsayin ƙwararren ɗan adam yana nazarin dangantakar dake tsakanin girman kwanyar da hankali bayan Paul Broca tare da Charles Letourneau da Léonce Manouvrier . Lokacin da ta bar ilimin halin ɗan adam ta kai hari kan manufar girman kwanyar a matsayin mai tantance hankali da ke bambanta jinsi. 

Bayan hutunta tare da ilimin ɗan adam Pelletier ta ci gaba da zama likitan hauka. A cikin 1903, Pelletier ya gudanar da yaƙin neman zaɓe tare da goyan bayan jaridar mata *ta La Fronde* don tallafawa cancantar mata don kowane nau'in ƙwararrun likitanci, wanda ya fi dacewa da jarrabawar horar da tabin hankali. 

Ta kasance sananne a matsayin mace Freemason . Pelletier ya kasance memba na *La Nouvelle Jérusalem* lodge, ya zama memba a cikin 1904. Gidan yana da mambobi maza da mata, kuma duk da cewa tana siyasa, sau da yawa tana samun sabani da masaukinta a kokarinta na inganta 'yantar da mata. 

Mace mai kishin mata, Pelletier ya yi yaƙi don shaƙar mata da zubar da ciki. A cikin Yuli 1906, ita da sauran masu neman izini, ciki har da Caroline Kauffmann, sun mamaye Majalisar Wakilai ta Faransa kuma suka sauko daga zane-zanen takarda mai ruwan hoda mai launin ruwan hoda mai ɗauke da roko don haƙƙin jefa ƙuri'a. [1]

Pelletier ya shanye a wani bangare saboda bugun jini a cikin 1937. Duk da haka, ta ci gaba da aiwatar da zubar da ciki a fili, kuma an kama ta a 1939. Bayan kama ta an tsare ta a mafaka kuma lafiyarta ta tabarbare ta jiki da ta hankali. Ta mutu a cikin shekarar. 

## Ayyuka

* *Les lois morbides de l'association des idées,* Jean Rousset, 1904
* *La Femme en lutte pour ses droits*, V. Giard et E. Brière, Paris, 1908
* *Dieu, la morale, la patrie*, V. Giard et E. Brière, Paris, 1910
* *Falsafa sociale: Les ra'ayi, da partis, da azuzuwan*, V. Giard et E. Brière, Paris, 1912
* *Le Droit a l'avortement*, Editions du Malthusien, Paris, 1913
* *La question du vote des femmes*, 1919
* *Oeuvres daban-daban*, Marcel Giard, Paris, 1922
* *Mon voyage aventureux en Russie communiste*, Marcel Giard, Paris, 1922
* *La Guerre est-elle naturelle* suivi de *Le Droit au travail pour la femme*, La Brochure mensuelle, Paris, 1931
* *Une vie nouvelle*, Eugène Figuière, 1932
* *La Femme virge*, 1933

Fayil:Madeleine_Pelletier3.jpg|alt=Pelletier in 1910 for Agence Rol| Pelletier a cikin 1910 don Agence Rol
Fayil:Madeleine_Pelletier_(sans_date).jpg|alt=Pelletier dressed like a man to distance herself from femininity, a concept that she saw as a sign of the oppression of women.| Pelletier ta yi ado kamar namiji don nisantar da kanta daga kasancewarta mace, ra'ayin da ta gani a matsayin alamar zaluntar mata.
Fayil:Excelsior_-_La_France,_comme_l'Angleterre,_à_ses_Suffragettes.jpg|alt=France, like England, has its Suffragettes Excelsior, December 13,1910| *Faransa, kamar Ingila, tana da Suffragettes* Excelsior, Disamba 13,1910
Fayil:Plaque_Madeleine_Pelletier,_80-82_rue_de_Gergovie,_Paris_14e.jpg|alt=Plaque honoring Pelletier in 80-82 rue de Gergovie, Paris| Plaque girmama Pelletier a 80-82 rue de Gergovie, Paris


## Duba kuma

* Tarihin mata
* Jerin sunayen masu zaɓe da masu zaɓe
* Zabar mata

## Manazarta

## Tushe

* Allen, CS (2003). 'Yan'uwa na Wani nau'i: Matan Freemason a Faransa ta zamani, 1725-1940. *Jaridar Tarihin Zamani*, 75: 783-835.
* Gordon, F. (1990). *Mawallafin mata na haɗin gwiwa, Madeleine Pelletier, 1874 - 1939, Feminism, Socialism and Medicine* . Jaridar Siyasa
* Sowerwine, C. (1991). "Ayyukan aiki da Shaidar Jima'i - Rayuwa da Kalmomin Pelletier, Madeleine (1874-1939)". *Mouvement Social*, 157: 9-32.
* Sowerwine, C. (2003). "Kwakwalwar Mata, Kwakwalwar Mutum: Feminism da Anthropology a ƙarshen karni na sha tara Faransa". *Sharhin Tarihin Mata*, 12:289–307.
* Felicia Gordon, "Haɗuwa da rikice-rikice: Anthropology, psychiatry da Feminism a farkon rubuce-rubucen Madeleine Pelletier (1874-1939)," *History of Psychiatry*, 19,2 (2008), 141-162.

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Wasu daga cikin rubutunta ana samun su akan layi (a cikin Faransanci)