Ruwan Ionic a cikin kama carbon

Amfani da **Ruwan ion a cikin kama carbon** shine yiwuwar aikace-aikacen Ruwan ionic azaman masu amfani don amfani da kama carbon da kuma tsare shi. Ruwan Ionic, wanda shine gishiri wanda ke wanzu a matsayin ruwa kusa da zafin jiki na ɗaki, kayan da ba su tashi ba waɗanda aka yi la'akari da su don aikace-aikace da yawa. Gaggawa na Canjin yanayi ya haifar da bincike game da amfani da su a aikace-aikacen da suka shafi makamashi kamar kama carbon da adanawa.

## Kama carbon ta amfani da sinadarin

### Ruwan Ionic a matsayin mai narkewa
Amines sune mafi yawan abin sha a fasahar kama carbon bayan konewa a yau. Musamman, monoethanolamine (MEA) da aka yi amfani da masana'antu Sikeli a postcombustion carbon kama, kazalika a cikin sauran CO 2 rabuwa, kamar "zaƙi" na halitta gas.  Duk da haka, amines suna lalacewa, suna raguwa a tsawon lokaci, kuma suna buƙatar manyan wuraren masana'antu. Ionic ruwa a gefe guda, suna da ƙarancin tururi . Wannan kadarorin yana haifar da ƙarfi mai ban sha'awa na Coulombic. Matsin tururi ya kasance ƙasa ƙasa ta wurin bazuwar yanayin zafi (yawanci> 300&nbsp;°C).  A ka'ida, wannan ƙananan tururi yana sauƙaƙa amfani da su kuma ya sanya su " kore " madadin. Bugu da ƙari, yana rage haɗarin gurɓata rafin iskar gas na CO 2 da kuma zubewa cikin muhalli. 

Rashin narkewar CO2 a cikin ruwan ionic ana sarrafa shi da farko ta hanyar anion, ƙasa da haka ta hanyar cation.2" [./Ionic_liquids_in_carbon_capture#cite_note-Ramdin-4 [1] An nuna cewa hexafluorophosphate (PF6-) da tetrafluoroborate (BF4-) anions suna da sauƙin kama CO2.

An yi la'akari da ruwan Ionic a matsayin masu narkewa a cikin matakai daban-daban na cire ruwa-ruwa, amma ba a taɓa kasuwanci ba. Baya ga wannan, ruwan ionic ya maye gurbin kayan narkewa na al'ada a cikin masana'antu kamar shawo kan iskar gas ko fitarwa. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da ruwan ionic a matsayin haɗin gwiwa don tsara tsarin biphasic na ruwa, ko tsarkakewar kwayoyin halitta.

### Tsarin

Tsarin sha CO2 na al'ada ya ƙunshi iskar gas, shafi na sha, shafi na stripper, da kuma fitar da koguna na iskar gas mai wadataccen CO2 da za a tsare, da iskar gas mara kyau da za a saki zuwa yanayi. Ruwan Ionic na iya bin irin wannan tsari ga maganin iskar amine, inda aka sake farfado da CO2 a cikin mai tsalle-tsalle ta amfani da zafin jiki mafi girma. Koyaya, ana iya cire ruwan ionic ta amfani da sauye-sauyen matsin lamba ko iskar gas, rage buƙatun makamashi. Wani batu na yanzu tare da ruwan ionic don kama carbon shine cewa suna da ƙarancin aiki fiye da amines. Ana haɓaka takamaiman ruwa na ionic waɗanda ke amfani da chemisorption da physisorption a cikin ƙoƙari na ƙara ƙarfin aiki. 1-butyl-3-propylamineimidazolium tetrafluoroborate misali ne na TSIL.[2]

### Bincike
A cikin 2, ƙungiyar bincike da ta ƙunshi Jami'ar Chuo, Jami'ar Nihon, Jami'an Kanazawa, da Cibiyar Bincike ta Fasahar Fasaha ta Duniya sun yi amfani da ilimin lantarki don tsarawa da hada ruwan ionic.[./Ionic_liquids_in_carbon_capture#cite_note-Kuroki-6 [1] Daga baya, sun gudanar da daidaitattun ma'auni na CO2 solubility kuma sun sami nasarar haɓaka ruwan ionic tare da mafi girman ƙarfin sha na jiki don CO2 har zuwa yau.

## Rashin daidaituwa

### Zaɓin Zaɓuɓɓuka
A cikin kama carbon mai tasiri shine wanda ke nuna babban zaɓi, ma'ana cewa CO2 zai fi narkewa a cikin mai narkewa idan aka kwatanta da sauran abubuwan gas. A cikin kama carbon bayan konewa mafi mahimmancin rabuwa shine CO2 daga N2, yayin da a cikin rabuwa kafin konewa CO ya rabu da H2. Sauran abubuwan da ke ciki da ƙazanta na iya kasancewa a cikin iskar gas, kamar hydrocarbons, SO2, ko H2. Kafin zaɓar mai narkewa da ya dace don amfani don kama carbon yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa a yanayin tsari da aka ba da kuma abun da ke cikin iskar gas CO2 yana riƙe da mafi girma a cikin mai narkewar fiye da sauran nau'o'in a cikin iskar iskar gas kuma don haka yana da babban zaɓi.

Zaɓin CO2 a cikin ruwan ionic an yi nazari sosai ta hanyar masu bincike. Gabaɗaya, Kwayoyin polar da kwayoyin tare da lokacin quadrupole na lantarki suna narkewa sosai a cikin abubuwan ionic na ruwa.[./Ionic_liquids_in_carbon_capture#cite_note-7 [1] An gano cewa a yanayin zafi mai girma solubility na CO2 yana raguwa, yayin da solubility na wasu nau'o'in, kamar CH4 da H2, na iya ƙaruwa tare da karuwar zafin jiki, don haka rage tasirin mai narkewa. Koyaya, solubility na N2 a cikin ruwan ionic yana da ɗan ƙarami kuma baya ƙaruwa tare da ƙaruwa da zafin jiki don haka amfani da ruwan ionic a cikin kama carbon bayan konewa na iya zama ya dace saboda zaɓin CO2 / N2. Kasancewar ƙazantar iskar gas na yau da kullun kamar H2S yana hana CO2 solubility a cikin ruwan ionic kuma ya kamata injiniyoyi suyi la'akari da shi a hankali yayin zabar mai narkewa mai dacewa don wani iskar gas.

### Ƙarƙashin ƙarfi
Babban abin damuwa game da amfani da ruwa mai ion don kama carbon shine babban dankon su idan aka kwatanta da na kaushi na kasuwanci. Riwayoyin Ionic waɗanda ke amfani da chemisorption sun dogara ne akan halayen sinadarai tsakanin solute da sauran ƙarfi don rabuwar CO 2 . Adadin wannan dauki ya dogara ne akan diffusivity na CO 2 a cikin sauran ƙarfi kuma yana da inversely gwargwado ga danko. Yaduwan kai na CO 2 a cikin ruwa mai ionic gabaɗaya yana zuwa tsari na 10 -10 m 2 / s,  kusan tsari na girma ƙasa da irin wannan ƙauyen kasuwanci da aka yi amfani da su akan kama CO 2 . Dankowar ruwan ionic na iya bambanta sosai bisa ga nau'in anion da cation, tsayin sarkar alkyl, da adadin ruwa ko wasu ƙazanta a cikin sauran.   Saboda waɗannan kaushi za a iya "tsara" kuma waɗannan kaddarorin da aka zaɓa, haɓaka abubuwan ruwa na ionic tare da ƙananan jijiyoyi shine batun bincike na yanzu. Tallafin matakan ruwa na ionic (SILPs) sune mafita ɗaya da aka ba da shawarar ga wannan matsalar. 

## Tunability

Kamar yadda ake buƙata don duk dabarun rabuwa, ruwan ionic yana nuna zaɓe zuwa ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin matakai na cakuda. 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIM-PF6) ruwa ne mai zafi wanda aka gano tun da wuri a matsayin mai maye gurbin kayan narkewa na kwayoyin halitta a cikin rabuwa na ruwa da ruwa.[./Ionic_liquids_in_carbon_capture#cite_note-Huddleston-13 [1] Sauran [PF6]- da [BF4]- dauke da ruwan ionic an yi nazarin su don abubuwan da suka sha CO2, da kuma 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMIM) da kuma cations marasa al'ada kamar trihexyl (tetradecyl) phosphonium ([P66614]). Zaɓin nau'ikan anion da cation daban-daban a cikin ruwan ionic yana shafar zaɓin su da halaye na jiki. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya "tunar da cations na kwayoyin halitta a cikin ruwan ionic" ta hanyar canza tsawon sarkar ko ta hanyar maye gurbin radicals. A ƙarshe, ana iya haɗa ruwan ionic tare da wasu ruwan ionic, ruwa, ko amines don cimma kaddarorin daban-daban dangane da ƙarfin sha da zafi na sha. Wannan tunability ya haifar da wasu su kira ruwan ionic "masu ƙira masu ƙira. "  1-butyl-3-propylamineimidazolium tetrafluoroborate an haɓaka shi musamman don kama CO2; an tsara shi don amfani da chemisorption don shan CO2 da kuma kula da inganci a ƙarƙashin sake maimaitawa / sake fasalin sabuntawa.  Sauran ruwan ionic an kwaikwayon su ko kuma an gwada su don amfani da su a matsayin masu sha CO2.

## Aikace-aikacen masana'antu da aka tsara
A halin yanzu, kama CO2 yana amfani da fasahar shawo kan amine, wanda ke da makamashi mai yawa da mai narkewa mai yawa. Magungunan kwayoyin halitta masu narkewa kadai a cikin hanyoyin sunadarai suna wakiltar masana'antar dala biliyan da yawa. Sabili da haka, ruwan ionic yana ba da madadin da zai zama mai kyau idan aka magance sauran rashi.

A lokacin da ake kamawa, anion da cation suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen rushewar CO2. Sakamakon spectroscopic yana ba da shawarar kyakkyawar hulɗa tsakanin anion da CO2, inda kwayoyin CO2 suka fi dacewa da anion. Bugu da ƙari, ƙarfin intermolecular, kamar Haɗin hydrogen, haɗin van der Waals, da jan hankali na electrostatic, suna ba da gudummawa ga solubility na CO2 a cikin ruwan ionic. Wannan ya sa ruwan ionic ya yi alkawarin 'yan takara don kama CO2 saboda za'a iya tsara solubility na CO2 daidai ta hanyar ka'idar solubility na yau da kullun (RST), wanda ke rage farashin aiki a haɓaka ƙwarewar samfurin don saka idanu kan tsarin kamawa.

## Manazarta