Annie Jiagge

**Annie Ruth Jiagge**, (née **Baëta** ; 7 Oktoba 1918 – 12 ga Yuni 1996)**,** wacce kuma aka fi sani da **Annie Baëta Jiagge***,* lauya ce ’yar Ghana, alkali kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata. Ita ce mace ta farko a Ghana da Commonwealth of Nations da ta zama alkali. Ta kasance babbar mai rubuta sanarwar kawar da wariya ga mata kuma wacce ta kafa kungiyar da ta zama Bankin Duniya na Mata.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Annie Ruth Baeta a ranar 7 ga watan Oktoba 1918 a Lomé, Faransa Togoland. Iyayenta su ne malamin makaranta, Henrietta Baëta da ministar Presbyterian, Robert Domingo Baëta. Ta kasance 'yar kabilar Ewe ta kudu maso gabashin Ghana da Togo. Memba na sanannen dangin Baëta, tana ɗaya daga cikin yara takwas, kodayake Annie da ƴan uwanta Kirista, Lily, da William ne kawai suka rayu har zuwa girma. Babban ɗan'uwanta, Christian Baëta ɗan ilimi ne kuma ministan Presbyterian wanda aka zaɓa magatakardar Majami'ar Ikklisiya ta Gold Coast daga 1945 zuwa 1949 kuma ya taka rawa wajen kafa Jami'ar Ghana, Legon, 1948. Iyayenta sun so ta sami ilimin Ingilishi kuma ta zauna a garin Keta da ke bakin teku (sa'an nan a Togoland na Birtaniya) tare da kakarta ta uwa.

Baeta ta halarci Kwalejin Achimota kuma ta sami takardar shaidar malaminta a 1937. Ita ce shugabar makaranta kuma Malamar Makaranta a Makarantar 'Yan Mata ta Evangelical Presbyterian daga shekarun 1940 zuwa 1946. Bayan da teku ta wanke gine-ginen Makarantar Presbyterian na ’yan mata a cikin teku a shekara ta 1940, an kai ’yan matan zuwa Makarantar Presbyterian na Evangelical don samari. Makarantar ta cika da cunkoso, kuma Baeta ta san zai yi wuya a sami tallafin sabbin gine-gine. Ta je wurin mawaƙa na Ikklisiya na Presbyterian na Evangelical kuma ta canza shi zuwa rukunin wasan kwaikwayo wanda ya sanya mawaƙin George F. Rool *David the Shepherd Boy.* Wasannin sun yi nasara kuma an gayyaci ƙungiyar don yin a manyan biranen Gold Coast da Togo. Baeta ta sami damar tara kuɗi don sabuwar makaranta don 'yan matan da aka gina a watan Disamba 1945.

### Nazari a London
Zaman Baeta tare da Makarantar 'Yan Mata ta Evangelical Presbyterian ya cika amma ya bar ta da rashin natsuwa. Ta ci jarrabawar kammala karatun digiri na London a shekarar 1945. Babban yayanta Kirista ya yi tambaya ga Jami'ar London a madadinta kuma mahaifiyarta ta samo mata lamuni. An shigar da ita Makarantar Tattalin Arziki da Kimiyyar Siyasa ta London a cikin shekarar 1946. Abokan aikinta maza daga Gold Coast sun bukace ta da ta yi watsi da karatunta, suna tunanin cewa suna da wahala ga mace. Ɗayan ya ba ta damar shirya mata matsayi a Kwalejin Paris don nazarin zane-zane. Ta ce musu za ta koma Gold Coast idan ba ta ci jarrabawar farko ba. Ta ci jarrabawarta, mazan ba su kara damu ba. Ta karɓi LLB ɗinta a cikin shekarar 1949 kuma an kira ta zuwa Bar a Lincoln's Inn a shekara mai zuwa. Baëta kuma ta shiga cikin ayyukan addini da na zamantakewa a lokacin lokacinta na kyauta a London. Ta yi aiki tare da sansanonin matasa wanda Ƙungiyar Matasa ta Kirista (YWCA) ta shirya kuma an zabe ta a Kwamitin Zartarwa na YWCA na Duniya a lokacin shekarunta na ƙarshe na dalibi.

## Aikin shari'a, gwagwarmayar yancin mata da gado

Baeta ta kafa aikin sirri lokacin da ta koma Gold Coast a shekarar 1950.Ta jagoranci wani shiri na hulda da jama'a don kafa YWCA na kasa don mulkin mallaka kuma an shirya wani fim na gaskiya a matsayin wani bangare na ilmantar da jama'a game da kungiyar. Baeta ta auri Fred Jiagge a ranar 10 ga watan Janairu 1953. Ta bar Bar kuma ta zama majistare na Bench a watan Yuni 1953. A cikin shekarar 1954, ta fara halartan taro akai-akai na Majalisar Ikklisiya ta Duniya. Daga shekarun 1955 zuwa 1960, ta kasance shugabar YWCA. Ita da mijinta sun ɗauki ɗa, Rheinhold, a cikin shekarar 1959. A cikin 1959, ta zama alkali na Kotun Da'awa.Bayan samun labarin wata budurwa da aka yi wa fyade a Accra bayan ta zo can daga karkara don yin hira da aiki, Jiagge ta nemi taimakon gwamnati don samar da wuraren kwana ga mata masu ziyara. Ta samu ganawa da shugaban Ghana Kwame Nkrumah tare da gamsar da shi kan muhimmancin aikin. Ta jagoranci yakin neman nasara a 1961 wanda ya tara kudade masu yawa don ɗakin kwanan mata na YWCA. A wannan shekarar ta zama alkali a babban kotun shari'a. Daga shekarun 1961 zuwa 1976 ta kasance memba na majalisa a Jami'ar Ghana. A cikin shekarar 1962 an nada ta don wakiltar Ghana a Hukumar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Matsayin Mata. An bukace ta da ta shugabanci hukumar binciken kadarorin manyan ma’aikatan gwamnati da sunayen shugabannin siyasa a shekarar 1966. Ta kare hakkin mata ta hanyar aikinta a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ta wakilci Ghana har zuwa 1972. A shekarar 1966, an zabe ta mai ba da rahoto na Hukumar. A wani taro da aka yi a Iran a shekarar 1967, an tuhumi Hukumar da shirya takarda kan kawar da wariya ga mata. Da take nuna damuwa cewa ba za a kammala daftarin ba har lokacin da suka bar Iran, Jiagge ta sadu da sauran membobin tawagar, ciki har da Gimbiya Iran Ashraf Pahlavi, kuma ta tsara daftarin a cikin dare guda. An aika zuwa kasashe membobin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don yin sharhi kuma daga baya aka karbe shi. Sanarwar ta kasance muhimmiyar mafari ga Yarjejeniya ta shekarar 1979 ta doka akan kawar da duk wani nau'i na nuna wariya ga mata. An zabi Jiagge a matsayin shugabar taron hukumar na 21 a shekarar 1968.

An baiwa Jiagge lambar yabo ta kasar Ghana babbar lambar yabo da lambar yabo ta Gimbles ta kasa da kasa kan ayyukan jin kai a shekarar 1969. An nada ta alkali a Kotun daukaka kara a wannan shekarar, kotun koli a Ghana a lokacin. Ita ce alkali mace ta farko a kotun daukaka kara. An ba ta digirin girmamawa na shari'a daga Jami'ar Ghana a shekarar 1974. A shekara ta 1975, ta kafa majalisar dokokin Ghana kan mata da ci gaba kuma ita ce shugabar ta ta farko. A matsayinta na shugabar ta, ta kira taron matan Ghana domin sanin ra'ayoyinsu game da daidaito, ci gaba da zaman lafiya, taken taron mata na duniya na shekarar 1975 a Mexico. Ta fahimci cewa samun rancen kudi shi ne fifiko ga matan kasarta kuma ta jagoranci tawagar Ghana zuwa taron. Ita da wasu sun yi alkawarin samar da kudin iri ga bankin mata, kuma an kafa kungiyar Stitching to Promote Women’s Banking World Bank (yanzu Bankin Duniya na Mata) kuma tana da hedikwata a New York. Daga baya ta yi aiki a hukumar kula da harkokin bankin duniya ta mata a Ghana. Jiagge ta kuma taba zama shugaban Majalisar Cocin Duniya daga shekarar 1975 zuwa 1983. A cikin 1979, ta kasance memba na majalisar wakilai wanda ya rubuta kundin tsarin mulkin Jamhuriya ta Uku ta Ghana. Ita ce shugabar Majalisar Ikklisiya ta Duniya don Shirin Yaki da wariyar launin fata daga 1984 zuwa 1991 kuma ta yi gwagwarmaya don adawa da tsarin wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu.

An nada Jiagge a matsayin shugaban kotun daukaka kara a shekarar 1980. A wannan shekarar ta sake jagorantar tawagar Ghana zuwa taron mata na duniya a Copenhagen. Ta kasance Shugaban Kotun Daukaka Kara har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekara ta 1983. Ta taimaka wajen tsara taron mata na duniya karo na hudu a matsayinta na mamba a kungiyar ba da shawara ta Sakatare-Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a waccan shekarar. A cikin shekarar 1985 ta yi aiki a wani kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wanda ya gudanar da sauraren ra'ayoyin jama'a kan ayyukan kamfanonin kasashen waje a Afirka ta Kudu da Namibiya. Ta kuma yi aiki a cikin kwamitin ƙwararru waɗanda suka tsara kundin tsarin mulkin Ghana a 1991.

Daga shekarun 1993 har zuwa rasuwarta, Jiagge ta yi aiki a Majalisar Dokokin Ghana. Ta mutu a ranar 12 ga watan Yuni 1996 a Accra. Ma'aikatar Mata da Yara ce ta kafa Laccocin Tunawa da Mai Shari'a Annie Jiagge a shekarar 2009. Wani gidan kwana, *Annie Baëta Jiagge House,* wanda a da, *House 17,* a makarantar almajiranta, makarantar Achimota ta kasance cikin tunawa da ita don ganin rawar da ta taka a fannin shari'a a Ghana.

## Kyaututtuka

* Babban Medal na Ghana (1969)
* The Gimbles International Award (1969)

## Manazarta