Henry Kowa

**Henry Every**, wanda aka fi sani da **Henry Avery** (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Agusta 1659; ya ɓace a watan Yuni 1696), wani lokacin ana kiransa da **Jack Avery** ko **John Avery**,  ɗan fashin teku ne ɗan Ingila wanda ke aiki a tekun Atlantika da Indiya a tsakiyar shekarun 1690. Wataƙila ya yi amfani da laƙabi da dama a tsawon aikinsa, ciki har da **Benjamin Bridgeman**, kuma ma'aikatan jirginsa da abokan aikinsa sun san shi da **Long Ben** . 

An yi wa Every lakabi da Arch Pirate da Sarkin Pirates ta hanyar mutanen zamaninsa, kuma ya shahara da kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin manyan kyaftin 'yan fashin teku kaɗan da suka tsere da ganimarsa ba tare da an kama shi ko an kashe shi a yaƙi ba, kuma kasancewarsa wanda ya aikata abin da ake kira aikin fashin teku mafi riba a tarihi.  Duk da cewa aikin Every a matsayin ɗan fashin teku ya ɗauki shekaru biyu kacal, ayyukansa sun mamaye tunanin jama'a, sun zaburar da wasu su rungumi fashin teku, kuma sun haifar da rubuce-rubuce na adabi. Ya fara aikinsa na fashin teku tun yana abokin aikinsa na farko a cikin jirgin ruwan yaƙi *Charles II* . Yayin da jirgin ke makale a tashar jiragen ruwa ta arewacin Spain ta Corunna, ma'aikatan jirgin sun nuna rashin gamsuwa yayin da Spain ta kasa isar da wasiƙar ma'aikata kuma masu mallakar *Charles II*  kasa biyan albashinsu, don haka suka yi tawaye . An sake wa *Charles II* suna *Fancy* kuma ma'aikatan jirgin sun zaɓi Every kyaftin ɗinsa.

An kai wani samame mafi shahara a kan ayarin jiragen ruwa na Grand Mughal guda 25 da ke yin aikin hajji na shekara-shekara zuwa Makka, ciki har da Ghanjah dhow *Ganj-i-Sawai* mai taska da kuma rakiyarsa, *Fateh Muhammed* . A ranar 7 ga Satumba, 1695, tare da haɗin gwiwa da jiragen ruwan 'yan fashi da makami da dama, Every ya jagoranci ƙaramin rundunar 'yan fashin teku. Sun kama har zuwa £ 600,000 na karafa masu daraja da duwatsu masu daraja (daidai da kusan £ 115.3 .&nbsp;miliyan a 2023 ).  Wannan ya haifar da mummunan lalacewar dangantakar Ingila da Mughals mai rauni. Majalisar Privy da Kamfanin Gabashin Indiya sun bayar da jimillar kyautar £1,000 - wani adadi mai yawa a lokacin - don kama shi. Wannan ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin farautar farko a duniya a cikin tarihin da aka rubuta.  

Duk da cewa an kama wasu daga cikin ma'aikatansa daga baya, Every da kansa ya tsere daga kamawa, ya ɓace daga dukkan bayanan da aka tattara a shekarar 1696; ba a san inda yake da ayyukansa bayan wannan lokacin ba. Labarai marasa tabbas sun ce wataƙila ya canza sunansa ya yi ritaya, yana rayuwa cikin nutsuwa har tsawon rayuwarsa a Birtaniya ko a wani tsibiri mai zafi da ba a san ko waye ba, yayin da wasu rahotanni suka yi la'akari da cewa Every ya ɓatar da dukiyarsa.  Ana ɗaukarsa  a matsayin wanda ya mutu tsakanin 1699 da 1714; ba a taɓa samun dukiyarsa ba.

## Rayuwa ta farko
Masana kimiyya na zamani sun nuna cewa an haifi Henry Every a ranar 20 ga Agusta, 1659 a ƙauyen Newton Ferrers, kimanin  kudu maso gabashin Plymouth, Devon, Ingila .   Bayanan Parish sun nuna cewa shi ɗan John Evarie ne da matarsa, Anne, ba a san sunansu na farko ba. Iyalan Devon sun kasance a sansani sosai a lokacin, kuma wataƙila dangin Everys of Wycroft Castle ne .  Dangane da bayanin William Phillips, wani memba na ma'aikatan jirgin Every's wanda ya ba da "iƙirarin son rai" bayan kama shi, a watan Agusta 1696 Every yana "shekaru kimanin 40," mahaifiyarsa tana zaune "kusa da Plymouth," kuma matarsa mai sayar da periwig ce wacce ke zaune "a Babban Titin Ratcliffe ."  Ya auri Dorothy Arther a St James Duke's Place da ke Landan a ranar 11 ga Satumba 1690.  Babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa yana da 'ya'ya.

## manazarta