Tribhuvana Mahadevi I

**Paramavaishnavi Goswamini Devi** ko **Tribhuvana Mahadevi I** (Odia) ita ce mace ta farko da ta yi mulki a Daular Bhaumakara a tsohuwar Odisha kuma gwauruwar Sarki Santikara Deva I. Ta hau gadon sarautar Toshali (Utkala) tsakanin 843-845 AD kuma ta yi mulki har zuwa 850 AD, ta zama sarauniya ta farko a Yankin Indiya, bayan mutuwar ɗanta mai mulki Subhakara III. Wasu masana tarihi sun yi imanin cewa tana iya mulki har zuwa 863 AD, ta bar kursiyin don goyon bayan jikanta Santikara II bayan ya tsufa ya gudanar da mulkin.

Ta kasance mace mai iko sosai kuma ta sami godiya ga ambaton a matsayin mai kula da iko da daraja daga masanin ilimin ƙasa na Larabawa da Farisa Ibn Khordadbeh da mai bincike Ahmad Ibn Rustah .  Ta tashi zuwa mulki duk da sarakuna na yankunan da ke tsakiyar tekun na tsohuwar yankin Tri-Kalinga da kuma taimakon mahaifinta mai iko. Ta kwatanta kanta da allahiya Katyayani (wani nau'i na allahiya Shakti) lokacin da ta hau gadon sarauta a Guheswarapataka da aka ambata a cikin sashin Dhenkanal. An kuma yaba mata da gina Baitala Deula wanda shine daya daga cikin tsofaffin gine-ginen haikalin da aka gina har zuwa yau a tsohuwar Bhubaneswar kuma daya daga cikin 'yan kalilan a Odisha da aka gina a cikin gine-ginin haikalin Khakara.

## Asalin da Halin Sarauniya

Asalinsa bisa ga farantin jan ƙarfe da aka adana a fadar daular da ke mulki ta Jihar Hindol kuma wanda aka gano a Bhimanagari *garh* a Dhenkanal, Tribhuvana Mahadevi na *Nagadbhava-kula* ne kuma 'yar *Shri Rajamalladeva* ce, wacce ke da alaƙa da Daular Pallava.  Amma daga baya malaman sun gyara shi zuwa *Nagodbhava-kula*, wanda zai iya nufin daular Ganga ko daular Sailodbhava. Saboda haka, an gano sarki Rachamalla I ko Rajamalla I na Yammacin Gangas a matsayin mahaifinta. Zuriyarta Sivakara III ta ambaci a cikin rubuce-rubucensa cewa Tribhuvana mahadevi na cika da kuzari uku Mantra Shakti (ikon waƙoƙin allahntaka), Prabhu Shakti (Spiritualism) da Utsaha Shakti (mai kuzari).  An bayyana ta a matsayin Pitrabhakta (yar mai ibada ga iyayenta) tana yin tunani a ƙafafun iyayenta. Yarjejeniyar ta ta Dhenkanal ta haɗa mata da cikakkun kalmomin mulkin mallaka kuma ta bayyana cewa a matsayin mutum an yi mata ado da daruruwan alamomi masu kyau don zama mai mulki mafi girma a duniya. Ta kasance mai ibada Vaishnavite wanda ke bauta wa Hari kuma ya ɗauki sunan Paramavaishnavi . 

## Hawan zuwa kursiyin
Yarjejeniyar Dhenkanal da Tribhuvana mahadevi na bayar ta bayyana hawan ta a matsayin "ƙafafunta masu kama da lotus da kambi da kawunan manyan sarakuna da sarakuna ke sumbace su a hankali, suna durƙusa cikin aminci a gabanta kuma kayan aikin ƙafa na marigayi mijinta ya zama mai haske tare da ɗaukakar lu'u-lu'u a cikin waɗancan kambi na sarakunan da aka mamaye". A cikin shekarun da suka gabata kafin hawan mijinta Santikara I, Sarkin daular Pala Devapala ya kayar da sarki mai mulki Sivakara II kuma ya mamaye sarakunan Bhaumakara a Odisha. Daular ta rasa darajarta da ikonta bayan wannan cin nasara wanda ya biyo bayan rikici a masarautar. Mutuwar Santikara I da Subhakara III a matsayin mazajen da suka cancanci zama magada, sun haifar da tawaye daga sarakuna masu zaman kansu. Rubutun sarakunan Bhaumakara na baya sun bayyana cewa sarauniyar gwauruwa ta ɗauki nauyin gudanarwa na dukan masarautar kuma ta haskaka kamar Sesha, tana riƙe da dukan duniya a kan murfinta. Sarauniyar kanta ta yaba wa mahaifinta cewa ya zo ya ceci mulkin Bhaumakara yana murkushe tawaye da kuma taimaka mata ta dawo da iko da tsari a masarautar.

## Gudanar da Masarautar
A cewar takardun da ita da zuriyarta suka bayar an yaba mata da tabbatar da ingantaccen gudanarwa na masarautar da wadatar mutane. Talcher plate na Subhakara IV ya bayyana cewa a lokacin mulkinta kasar ta ci gaba da gudanarwa, an lalata abokan gaba, ɗaukakar masarautar ta bazu zuwa kasashen waje kuma mutane sun rayu cikin jituwa. Ta ba da kulawa ta musamman ga nadin jami'an sarauta masu alhakin gaskiya da gaskiya kuma magoya bayan masarautar sun kasance masu aminci ga mafi girman ta. Ta yi amfani da Mrudukara (hawan haraji) a kan mutanenta. Yarjejeniyar ta ta Dhenkanal ta yi magana game da yadda Bhaumas ya gaji da dukiyar babban daularsu a kan ayyukan addini don haskaka ƙasarsu da sauransu, kuma ya yi wa duniya ado ta hanyar gina cikin ci gaba ba tare da katsewa ba, mathas daban-daban, masallatai da temples. 

A lokacin mulkinta kuma kamar yadda ya bayyana daga tallafin da aka bayar a lokacin mulkinta, ta tallafa wa Vaishnavism, Shaivism da Shaktism yayin da kasancewar akidar Jain da Buddha a cikin masarautar ba ta da tasiri daga kowane irin barazana. Mata a cikin masarautar sun sami ilimi kuma suna iya yin amfani da iko na musamman da haƙƙin gudanarwa don bayar da tallafin ƙasa da sassan.[1] Ta sami damar murkushe tawaye na ciki kuma ta kori sojojin abokan gaba na Rashtrakutas da Palas tare da taimakon mahaifinta wanda ke tabbatar da mulkin daga duk wani barazanar waje. Ta kuma yi imanin cewa sojoji masu zaman kansu na maza da mata 3,00,000 sun shiga harkokin soja. Ta dawo da kwanciyar hankali ga masarautar bayan dogon lokaci na rikici da rikici wanda ya fara zamanin zinariya na kwanciyar hankali, wadatar tattalin arziki da ci gaban al'adu.[2] Ta yi aiki a matsayin misali ga layin wasu sarakuna mata shida da suka yi mulki a masarautar Bhaumakara da hakkinsu duk da kasancewar magada kuma biyu daga cikinsu har ma sun karɓi sunan sarauta a matsayin Tribhuvana Mahadevi .

## Manazarta