Ruwan mai na Mega Borg

**Ruwan mai na **'Mega Borg****' ya faru ne a Tekun Mexico a ranar 8 ga Yuni, 1990, kimanin kilomita 50 daga bakin tekun Texas, lokacin da Tankar mai Mega Borg ta kama wuta kuma ta fashe. Tsabtacewar tana ɗaya daga cikin amfani na farko na bioremediation.

## Fashewar farko da dalilin
At 11:30 PM on the evening of Friday June 8, 1990, an explosion in the cargo room of the Norwegian oil tanker the *Mega Borg* “ruptured the bulkhead between the pump room and the engine room”, causing the ship to catch fire and begin to leak oil. The 853-foot-long, 15-year-old vessel was about 50 miles off the coast of Galveston, Texas when the explosion occurred. The weather at the time was calm and the tanker had easily passed Coast Guard safety inspections in April earlier that year. While the direct cause of the engine room explosion remains unknown, the initial blast occurred during a lightering process in which the *Mega Borg* was transferring oil onto a smaller Italian tanker, the *Fraqmura*, in order to then transport the oil to Houston. This transfer was necessary, as the *Mega Borg* was too large to dock at the Texas port. Three million gallons of the total 38 million gallons of light Angolan Palanca crude oil on board the tanker were able to be transferred to the Fraqmura before the blast.
Two days after the initial blast, there were five successive explosions in a ten-minute window. These explosions greatly increased the rate of the spill from the tanker into the water. By the end of that day (June 11) the tanker stern had dropped 58 feet and had stabilized five feet above the water line. This was either due to shifting cargo or the tanker taking on water, which would be an indication of the vessel’s imminent sinking.

mai mai haske da aka zubo a cikin abin da ya faru na *Mega Borg* ya kasance launin ruwan kasa kuma ya narke da sauri fiye da Mai mai nauyi a cikin zubo kamar *Exxon Valdez*. Wannan yana nufin cewa man ba zai iya rufe bakin rairayin bakin teku da ke kusa da shi ba, tsire-tsire da dabbobi, duk da haka tankar tana ɗauke da man fetur fiye da abin da ya faru na *Exxon Valdez* ya zubo gaba ɗaya, don haka akwai damuwa da yawa game da man ba zai sami damar narkewa ba idan slick ya zama mai kauri.

Wutar da fashewar ta haifar ta ɗauki kwanaki takwas don ƙonewa, yana da wuya ga masu kashe gobara su shiga tankar kuma su dakatar da ɓarkewar mai. Koyaya, gobarar ta taimaka a cikin gaskiyar cewa tana aiki ne a matsayin ƙonewa ta halitta - daga cikin fiye da lita miliyan 4.6 da aka zubar, 12,000 zuwa 40,000 ne kawai suka rage bayan gobarar ta ƙone a kan ruwa da kuma a kan tankar.

## Tsabtacewa da hanawa
Kwanaki biyu bayan zubarwar, a ranar Litinin 11 ga Yuni, jiragen ruwa takwas tare da skimmers, booms, da kayan aikin wuta sun kewaye *Mega Borg*, tare da wasu jiragen ruwa 12 a hanya. Kamfanin Elf Acquitane Petroleum Company na Houston (masu mallakar wani ɓangare na kayan *Mega Borg*) sun yi amfani da jiragen sama don yada masu rarrabawa a cikin mil biyar daga shafin fashewar tankar. A ranar 13 ga watan Yuni, hasken mai mai mai mai na 30 da 10 ya ragu zuwa kilomita 13 da faɗin kilomita 5.

Bayan wuta ta kwana takwas, daga Yuni 8 zuwa Yuni 16, masu tsaron bakin teku sun sami damar hanawa da kashe harshen wuta. Wannan ya ba ma'aikata damar daidaita dakin injiniya kuma su fara fitarwa da sauke duk wani man da ya rage. Da zarar an dakatar da gobarar, "an kawo shingen shingen teku mai tsawo don ƙunshe da sauran man da ya ɓace  A cikin kwanaki takwas da gobarar ta ci gaba, masu kashe gobara suna ci gaba da sanyaya jirgin tare da ruwa biyu kuma, da zarar wuta ta isa ta ƙasa, tare da bindigogi na kumfa.  Ɗaya, duk da haka gwaji, wani ɓangare na tsarin tsaftacewa shine sakin kimanin fam 100 na ƙwayoyin cuta a kan acre na slick. An san wannan aikin da aka saki, an yi amfani da wannan tsari a cikin dakunan ruwa, amma ba a cikin dakuna ba a cikin masana kimiyya ba don cirewa ba tare da shi ba. Masu tsaron bakin teku sun aika da "jirgi mai laushi" kuma suna jiran jiran idan *Mega Borg* ya nutse kuma ya saki dukkan man fetur a cikin teku.

## Rikici
Kayan kula da wuta mafi kusa na irin wannan da ake buƙata don wuta na wannan girman da nau'in yana cikin Louisiana, don haka dole ne a tura shi kuma ba a samuwa da sauri kamar yadda wasu mutane suka yi imanin ya kamata ya kasance. An kawo ƙarin kayan aiki daga Netherlands, yana ƙarawa ga imanin cewa ana iya samun shi kusa da wurin zubar kuma ta haka ne mai zai iya ƙunshe da shi a baya. Jami'an yankin a Galveston sun yi jayayya cewa shawarar yin amfani da kayan aikin kasashen waje ya jinkirta tsaftacewa da kwanaki biyu, amma Tony Redding, mai magana da yawun kamfanin Dutch wanda ke jagorantar ceto (Smit Tak B.V.), ya ce duk kayan da ake bukata an tattara su "kasa da rana ɗaya bayan fashewar farko" kuma cewa "Babu jinkiri da aka haɗu da shi sakamakon jigilar kayan aiki daga Turai.

## Manazarta