Lucy Suchman

**Lucy Suchman** Farfesa Emerita ce ta Anthropology na Kimiyya da Fasaha a Sashen Sociology a Jami'ar Lancaster, a Ingila,  kuma an san ta da aikinta a Xerox PARC a cikin 1980s da 90s.

Binciken da take yi a yanzu ya ƙara yawan aikinta na dogon lokaci tare da fagen hulɗar mutum da kwamfuta zuwa yankin yaƙin yaƙi na zamani, gami da matsalolin 'sanin yanayi' a cikin horar da sojoji da kwaikwayon, da kuma ƙira da tura tsarin makamai na atomatik. A tsakiyar wannan binciken shine tambayar wanda aka haɗa jikinsa cikin tsarin soja, ta yaya kuma tare da waɗanne sakamako ga adalci na zamantakewa da yiwuwar duniya mai sauƙi. Suchman memba ne na Kwamitin Kasa da Kasa na Robot Arms Control kuma marubucin shafin yanar gizon da aka keɓe ga matsalolin robotics na ɗabi'a da 'technocultures of humanlike machines' [1][2]

Kafin ta zo Lancaster, ta yi aiki na shekaru 22 a Cibiyar Bincike ta Palo Alto (PARC) ta Xerox a California, inda ta rike mukamin babban masanin kimiyya da manajan kungiyar Bincike na *Ayyuka da Fasaha*. Yayinda take PARC, ta gudanar da wani bincike mai tasiri, ta amfani da bidiyo, na ma'aikatan ofis da masana kimiyya masu bincike da ke gwagwarmaya don amfani da na'urar kwafi.

Suchman ta kammala karatu a Jami'ar California, Berkeley, inda ta sami BA a 1972, MA a 1977, da kuma Doctorate a cikin Social and Cultural Anthropology a 1984.  Yayinda take a Berkeley, ta rubuta rubutun ta tana sukar tsarin tsara AI a matsayin tushen ƙirar hulɗa. Ta kuma yi nazarin aikin ofishin tsari don fahimtar yadda yake kama da kuma ya bambanta da shirin, da kuma yadda zato game da aikin ya sanar da ƙirar tsarin bayanai.

## Bincike
Binciken farko na Suchman ya sami rinjaye sosai ta hanyar Ethnomethodology. Littafin Suchman, Plans and Situated Actions: The Problem of Human-machine Communication (1987), ya ba da tushe na ilimi don fagen hulɗar mutum-kwamfuta (HCI). Ta kalubalanci zato na yau da kullun a bayan ƙirar tsarin hulɗa tare da gardamar ilimin ɗan adam cewa ana gina aikin ɗan adam koyaushe kuma ana sake gina shi daga hulɗa mai ƙarfi tare da kayan aiki da duniyar zamantakewa. Ta ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga nazarin ethnographic, nazarin tattaunawa da dabarun zane-zane don ci gaban tsarin kwamfuta mai ma'amala.

An buga sabon littafin a cikin shekara ta 2007. Wannan fitowar ta biyu, da ake kira Human-Machine Reconfigurations: Plans and Situated Action, ta haɗa da sabbin surori biyar da ke bincika ci gaba a fagen lissafi da fasahar nazarin zamantakewa tun daga tsakiyar shekarun 1980.  Musamman, Suchman ya magance dangantakar da hulɗa tsakanin mutane da injuna tare da mai da hankali kan ra'ayin injuna masu kama da mutum. Binciken da ta yi daga baya an sadaukar da shi ga matsalolin cin gashin kai da sarrafawa a cikin hulɗar fasahar ɗan adam tare da jaddada tsarin makamai masu cin gashin kansu.

## Haɗin sana'a
A shekara ta 1988, Suchman ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban shirin na Taron na Biyu kan Ayyukan hadin gwiwa na Kwamfuta.  Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Shirin don Taron farko kan Tsarin Kasuwanci na Tsarin Kwamfuta.  Tsakanin 1982 da 1990, Suchman ta kasance a cikin kwamitin daraktocin kwararru na Kwamfuta don Hakkin Jama'a, ƙungiyar da ta taimaka wajen kafawa. Suchman a halin yanzu memba ne na Kwamitin Kasa da Kasa na Robot Arms Control .  Bugu da kari, tana aiki a matsayin Edita mai haɗin gwiwa don *Nazarin Kimiyya na Jama'a*.

Suchman kuma yana da alaƙa da cibiyoyin ilimi da yawa. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Society for Social Studies of Science daga 2016 zuwa 2017. Ta yi aiki a matsayin babban jami'in bincike mai ziyara tare da King's College London's Work, Interaction and Technology Research Group kuma a matsayin mataimakin farfesa don Interaction Design and Work Practice Laboratory a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Sydney.  Suchman a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin mataimakin farfesa a Jami'ar IT ta Copenhagen a Denmark . 

## Kyaututtuka

* 1988 Kyautar Kungiyar Bincike ta Kamfanin Xerox a Kimiyya da Fasaha 
* 2002 Benjamin Franklin Medal a cikin Kwamfuta da Kimiyya ta fahimta http://www.fi.edu/tfi/exhibits/bower/02/ccscience.html 
* 2005 Kyautar Kyautar Kyauta ga Bincike daga Sashen Sadarwa da Fasahar Bayanai na Ƙungiyar Jama'a ta Amirka 
* Kyautar Binciken Rayuwa ta 2010 daga Ƙungiyar Injin Kwamfuta (ACM) Ƙungiyar Sha'awa ta Musamman kan Hadin gwiwar Kwamfuta da Mutum 
* 2011 Doctorate na girmamawa a Jami'ar Malmö . 
* 2014 Kyautar John Desmond Bernal daga Society for Social Studies of Science . 
* 2018 Doctorate na girmamawa a Jami'ar Maastricht . 

## Littattafai

* Suchman, L. (1987) Shirye-shirye da ayyukan da aka tsara: Matsalar Sadarwar Mutum-Machine. Cambridge University Press, New York.
* Suchman, L. (1993) Amsa ga Vera da Simon's Situated Action: Fassarar Alamar. [Hasiya]
* Suchman, L. (1995) Yin Aiki Bayyanawa. Sadarwa na ACM, 38 (9). shafi na 56-61+.&nbsp;
* Suchman, L. (1995) Wakilan Ayyuka (Rahoton Musamman). Sadarwa na ACM, 38 (9). shafi na 33-68.&nbsp;
* Suchman, L. da Blomberg, J. da Orr, J. E. (1999) Sake gina Fasahar a matsayin Ayyukan Jama'a. Masanin Halin Halin Amurka, 43 (3). shafi na 392-408.&nbsp;
* Suchman, L. (2000) Ayyukan Injiniya. Zuciya, Al'adu da Ayyuka, 7 (1&2). shafi na 4-18.&nbsp;
* Suchman, L. (2000) Yin shari'a: ilimi da aiki na yau da kullun a cikin samar da takardu. A cikin: Nazarin wurin aiki: dawo da aikin aiki da ƙirar tsarin bayanai.  Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, shafi na 29-45.&nbsp;
* Suchman, L. (2000) Shirya daidaituwa: wani lamari na ginin gada.  Ƙungiya, 7 (2). shafi na 311-327.&nbsp;
* Suchman, L. da Bishop, L. (2000) Matsalar 'Innovation' a matsayin Babban Aiki. Nazarin Fasaha & Gudanar da Dabarun, 12 (3). shafi na 327-333.&nbsp;
* Suchman, L. (2002) Tsarin tsarin bayanai na aiki: bayanan kula daga duniyar da ta ci gaba.  The Information Society, 18 (2). shafi na 139-144.&nbsp;
* Suchman, L. A. da Blomberg, J. da Trigg, R. (2002) Ayyukan aiki: Ethnomethods na samfurin. Jaridar Sociology ta Burtaniya, 53 (2). shafi na 163-179.&nbsp;
* Suchman, L. (2003) Bayyana sabis a cikin jawabai na ICT: batun wakilin software. A cikin: Magana ta Duniya da Ƙungiya game da Fasahar Bayanai. Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya don Gudanar da Bayanai . Kluwer, Dordrecht, Netherlands, shafuffuka na 15-32.&nbsp;
* Suchman, L. (2003) Shirya daidaituwa. A cikin: Sanin a cikin kungiyoyi: tsarin aiki. M. E. Sharpe, London, shafi na 187-203.&nbsp;
* Suchman, L. (2004) Rashin mai sarrafawa / mai tsarawa. A cikin: Gudanarwa a matsayin zane. Stanford Business Books, Stanford, shafi na 169-73.&nbsp;
* Suchman, L. (2004) Hanyoyi da hauka. A cikin: Mutum na farko: sabbin kafofin watsa labarai kamar labarin, wasan kwaikwayo, da wasan.  MIT Press, London, shafi na 95-98.&nbsp;
* Suchman, L. (2004) Magana abubuwa. A cikin: Mutum na farko: sabbin kafofin watsa labarai kamar labarin, wasan kwaikwayo, da wasan.  MIT Press, London, shafi na 262-265.&nbsp;
* Suchman, L. (2005) Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa. Ƙungiya, 12 (3). shafi na 379-399.&nbsp;
* Suchman, L. (2006) "Wajcman ya fuskanci cyberfeminism. " Social Studies of Science.
* Suchman, L. (2007) STS na mata da Kimiyya na Artificial. A cikin: Sabon Littafin Nazarin Kimiyya da Fasaha. MIT Press.
* Suchman, L. (2007) Human-Machine Reconfigurations. Cambridge University Press, New York.
* Suchman, L. (2011) Aiki da yawan abubuwan da ke faruwa: Tunanin akan tsari da rikici. TECNOSCIENZA: Jaridar Italiyanci ta Kimiyya da Fasaha, 2 (1):21-30.
* Suchman, L. (2011) Relocations na Anthropological da iyakokin zane. Binciken shekara-shekara na Anthropology, 40: 1-18.
* Suchman, L. (2011) Abubuwan da aka yi. Ka'idar Mata, 12 (2): 119-145.
* Suchman, L. (2013) Cinye Anthropology. A. Barry & G. Borrn (Eds.), Interdisciplinary: Reconfigurations of the Social and Natural Sciences, (shafi na 141-160). &nbsp;London: Routledge.
* Suchman, L. (2015). Sanin yanayi: Kyakkyawan haɗuwa a kan iyakokin jiki da injuna Media Tropes, V (1), 1-24.
* Suchman, L. (2016). Saita Sauran: Jin War ta hanyar Simulation Immersive . Catalyst: mata, ka'idar, kimiyyar fasaha, 2 (1).
* Suchman, L., & Weber, J. (2016). Hadin gwiwar mutum-mutumi. A cikin N. Bhuta, S. Beck, R. Geis, H.-Y. Liu, & C. Kreis (Eds.), Tsarin Makamai masu cin gashin kansu (shafi na 75-102). &nbsp;Cambridge, Burtaniya: Cambridge University Press.

## Dubi kuma

* Nazarin kimiyya
* Nazarin kimiyya da fasaha
* Sanarwa
* Falsafar tunani
* Tarihin kabilanci

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Tattaunawa ta 1999
* CHI 2010 Kyautar Binciken Rayuwa
* Wani lacca na 2011 da aka bayar a Medea, Jami'ar Malmö