Fataucin mutane a Uganda

**[[Uganda]]** ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar TIP ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 2000 a watan Satumbar 2003.

A shekara ta 2008, Uganda ta kasance tushen da kuma makoma ga maza, mata, da yara da aka yi fataucin su don dalilai na tilasta aiki da cin zarafin jima'i. An fataucin yara na Uganda a cikin ƙasar, da kuma Kanada, Masar, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, da Saudi Arabia don tilasta aiki da cin zarafin jima'i. Ana sayar da mata da yara na Karamojong a kasuwannin shanu ko ta hanyar matsakaici kuma an tilasta su cikin yanayin bautar gida, cin zarafin jima'i, kiwo, da bara. Kamfanonin tsaro a Kampala sun dauki 'yan Uganda don su yi aiki a matsayin masu tsaro a Iraki inda, a wasu lokuta, an bayar da rahoton cewa an hana takardun tafiyarsu da albashi a matsayin hanyar hana tafiyarsu. Wadannan shari'o'in na iya zama fataucin mutane.

An ruwaito cewa an yi fataucin ma'aikatan Pakistan, Indiya, da China zuwa Uganda, kuma cibiyoyin sadarwar Indiya suna fataucin yara Indiya zuwa kasar don cin zarafin jima'i. Yara daga Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo (DRC), Rwanda, da Burundi an yi fataucin su zuwa Uganda don aikin gona da cin zarafin jima'i. Har zuwa watan Agustan shekara ta 2006, kungiyar 'yan ta'adda, Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), ta sace yara da manya a arewacin Uganda don yin aiki a matsayin sojoji, bayi na jima'i, da masu ɗaukar kaya. Duk da yake ba a sake bayar da rahoton satar yara na Uganda ba, an sace akalla ƙarin mutane 300, galibi yara, a cikin 2008 a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya da DRC.

A shekara ta 2008 Gwamnatin Uganda ba ta cika cikakkun ka'idoji don kawar da fataucin mutane ba. Koyaya, tana yin ƙoƙari mai mahimmanci don yin hakan.

Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don Kulawa da Yaki da Cin Hanci da Kasuwanci ya sanya kasar a cikin "Tier 2" a cikin 2017  da 2023 . 

A cikin 2023, Ƙididdigar Laifuka ta Ƙungiya ta ba ƙasar maki 7.5 daga cikin 10 don fataucin mutane, yana mai lura da cewa mafi yawan nau'in shine motsi na yara daga wani ɓangare na Uganda zuwa wani, kuma cewa taimako ga waɗanda abin ya shafa yana da iyaka.

## Shari'a (2008)
Gwamnati ta ci gaba da kokarin tilasta bin doka na yaki da fataucin mutane a lokacin bayar da rahoto. Koyaya, rashin cikakkiyar dokar hana fataucin mutane yana nufin cewa ba a adana kididdiga game da gurfanar da fataucin da kuma yanke hukunci ba. Dokar Uganda ba ta hana fataucin mutane ba, kodayake ana iya amfani da dokokin Dokar Shari'a game da Bautar, tilasta, da kuma aiki, da sayen karuwanci don gurfanar da laifukan fataucin.

Gwamnati ta fitar da kididdigar aikata laifuka na shekara ta 2007, wanda ya nuna cewa laifukan fataucin yara sun karu a shekarar da ta gabata. Sufeto Janar na 'yan sanda ya kuma sanar da cewa an sace yara 54 a cikin shekara. An yi imanin cewa yara bakwai da aka ceto sun kasance wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane wadanda ba su kai inda suke ba.

A watan Yulin 2012, 'yan majalisa mata na Uganda sun gabatar da Dokar haramtacciyar fataucin mutane a cikin majalisa, cikakken tsari na dokar yaki da fataucin fataucin, inda ta sami goyon baya ɗaya daga ƙasa. An fara karanta shi a watan Disamba kuma an tura shi ga Kwamitin Tsaro da Harkokin Cikin Gida a watan Fabrairun 2008. 

A watan Janairun shekara ta 2008, 'yan sanda na Mbarara sun kama masu fataucin mutane uku kuma sun ceci yara 44 da ake zargin ana fataucin su zuwa Ostiraliya, Kanada, da Amurka. Wadanda ake zargi sun bayyana a kotu a farkon watan Fabrairu. Wani dan kasar Rwanda ya yi ikirarin aikata laifi kuma an yanke masa hukunci tare da taka tsantsan kuma an sake shi. An zargi wani dan Burundi da shiga cikin Uganda ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma an zarge shi da wata mace ta Uganda da fashi. Dukansu biyu an tsare su a kurkuku.

A cikin 2012, Kwamishinan Kwadago da Majalisar sun fara binciken kamfanonin da ake zargi da hana takardun tafiye-tafiye da biyan masu tsaron Uganda a Iraki. Duk da yake wani rahoto na gwamnati ya wanke hukumomin fitar da ma'aikata guda uku na zamba a watan Fabrairun 2008, an sanya wasu kamfanoni da yawa a cikin jerin sunayen don daukar ma'aikata na zamba ga Iraki.

Hukumar Amnesty ta gwamnati ta ba da afuwa ga tsoffin mayakan don haifar da sauye-sauye ko mika 'yan tawaye da kuma gane wadanda aka sace a matsayin wadanda aka tilasta musu aikata ta'addanci. Sojojin LRA guda tamanin, wadanda aka sace da yawa tun suna yara, sun nemi kuma sun sami afuwa a 2007. Saboda wannan tsari, gwamnati ba ta kama ba, gurfanar da ita, ko kuma ta yanke wa 'yan tawaye na LRA hukunci saboda laifukan fataucin mutane. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2012, jami'an 'yan sanda, wadanda aka horar a lokacin bayar da rahoto ta baya ta Sashin Tsaro na Yara da Iyali na 'yan sanda na kasa da ILO-IPEC, sun horar da karin jami'an' yan sanda sama da 1500 kan haƙƙin aikin yara da mafi munin nau'ikan aikin yara.

## Kariya (2008)
Gwamnatin Uganda ta nuna ƙoƙari wajen bayar da kariya ta farko ga yara da aka kwance daga kungiyar LRA, duk da cewa ba ta kula sosai da waɗanda suka tsinci kansu cikin wasu nau’o’in safarar mutane ba. Yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta ƙarshe da aka tattauna tsakanin Gwamnatin Uganda da LRA, wacce ta ƙunshi tanadi na kare yara da suka shafi LRA, ba a sanya hannu akanta ba daga shugaban LRA, Joseph Kony. A shekarar 2012, Sashen Kariya ga Yara na Sojojin Uganda ya karɓa tare da tambayar yara 28 da suka mika wuya waɗanda aka sace da LRA. An tsare yaran a cibiyoyin wucin gadi kafin a kai su cibiyoyin gyaran hali da ƙungiyoyin farar hula ke tafiyarwa don kula da su na dogon lokaci.

Hukumar Afuwa ta bai wa kowanne yaro katifa, bargo, man shafawa da kuma kusan peso 750,000. ‘Yan sanda sun mika yara 11 da aka ceto daga safarar aiki daga kasashen Rwanda, Burundi da Kongo ga UNHCR a Mbarara don kula. Gwamnati ta ci gaba da kwashe yaran Karamojong daga titunan Kampala zuwa cibiyoyi a Karamoja. Mafi yawan kwashe yaran ya faru ne a watan Afrilu da Mayu na 2007.

Jami’an gwamnati na ƙasa da na matakin ƙananan hukumomi, musamman kwamitocin aikin yara a matakin ƙaramar hukuma, sun goyi bayan ƙoƙarin ILO-IPEC ta hanyar tantance yara 2,796 da za a cire daga munanan nau’o’in aiki. Hukumomin yankuna sun kafa kwamitocin da ke sa ido kan yanayin aikin yara. Gwamnati ta bayar da ƙananan ayyukan kariya ga yara masu karuwanci; maimakon haka, Ma'aikatar Jinsi, Ayyuka da Cigaban Al’umma ta turawa yara da aka safarar zuwa ƙungiyoyin farar hula don kulawa da su.

Yaran da aka kama tare da manya a lokacin cafke-cafken ‘yan sanda ana yawan sake su ba tare da tuhuma ba. Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida yana da ikon ba wa waɗanda aka safarar daga ƙasashen waje damar kasancewa a Uganda don taimaka wa bincike. A shekarar 2007, Ministan ya ba wa mutane biyu da aka safarar izinin ci gaba da zama a Uganda. Amma mafi yawan lokuta, ana maida waɗanda abin ya shafa zuwa ƙasashensu na asali. Gwamnati na ƙarfafa wa waɗanda suka tsira daga safarar jima’i gwiwa su ba da shaida a kan waɗanda suka ci zarafinsu.

## Rigakafi (2008)
Gwamnati ta ci gaba da ƙoƙarinta na ƙara wayar da kai kan safarar mutane. A tsakiyar shekarar 2007, gwamnatin ta yi amfani da Ranar Ma’aikata da Ranar Yaron Afirka wajen wayar da kai game da safarar yara da kuma tallata sabbin dokokin aikin yara. Sashen Kariya ga Yara da Iyali na ‘yan sanda ya yi amfani da tarurrukan al’umma, ziyarar makarantu da shirye-shiryen rediyo wajen yada ilimi kan safarar mutane. Gidan jarida, rediyo da talabijin mallakin gwamnati sun gabatar da tallace-tallacen hidimar jama’a kan safarar mutane. Gwamnatin Uganda, wacce ke jagorantar Commonwealth a wancan lokaci, ta ɗaga batun yaki da safarar mutane a matsayin fifiko ga ƙasashen mambobi a taron shugabannin Commonwealth a watan Nuwamba 2007.

Shugaban Ƙungiyar ‘Yan Sanda ta Uganda ya shirya taron UNODC kan safarar mutane a Kampala a watan Yunin 2007. Jami’an shige da fice sun sa ido kan jiragen da ke zuwa Dubai, wadanda aka taɓa amfani da su wajen safarar yara a baya. Gwamnati ta fara tsara dokoki don hana safarar ‘yan Uganda zuwa ƙasashen waje ta hanyar kamfanonin daukar ma’aikata na bogi. Ƙoƙarin gwamnati na rage buƙatar karuwanci ya haɗa da kamfen ɗin allunan tallace-tallace a manyan biranen Uganda don hana “sugar daddies,” kama maza da aka kama suna neman ‘yan mata karuwai bisa zargin tada hankali, da kuma hana wani babban taron mata masu karuwanci da aka shirya a Kampala.

## Ziyarar Gwamnati 2022
Daga ranar 23 zuwa 28 ga Janairu, 2022, Ministan Ayyuka na Uganda ya kai ziyara Saudiyya dangane da batutuwan da suka shafi tsaron lafiyar ‘yan Uganda biyo bayan korafe-korafe da suka taso akan kamfanonin da ke da alhakin jigilar su. Wannan yana gudana ne bisa bin dokoki da ka’idojin yarjejeniyar aikin tsakanin ƙasashen biyu (bilateral labor agreements).

## Manazarta