Yanayi da Tsabtace Haɗin Jirgin Sama don Rage Gurɓatar Yanayi na ɗan gajeren lokaci

**Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya** (UNEP) da kasashe shida-Bangladesh, Canada, Ghana, Mexico, Sweden, da Amurka ne suka kaddamar da shirin na Climate and Clean Air Coalition to Rage Short-Ray Climate Pollutants (CCAC). Ya zuwa yanzu, sama da dalar Amurka miliyan 90 aka yi alkawarin ba da hadin gwiwar yanayi da tsaftar iska daga Kanada, Denmark, Hukumar Tarayyar Turai, Jamus, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, da Amurka. Ana gudanar da shirin ne daga Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta wata sakatariya a birnin Paris na Faransa.

## Gurbacewar yanayi na ɗan gajeren lokaci
Abubuwan gurɓata yanayi na ɗan gajeren lokaci (SLCPs) suna da ɗan gajeren rayuwa a cikin yanayi - ƴan kwanaki zuwa ƴan shekarun da suka gabata - da kuma tasirin ɗumamar yanayi. Babban gurɓataccen yanayi na ɗan gajeren lokaci shine baƙin carbon, methane da tropospheric ozone, waɗanda sune mafi mahimmancin gudummawar haɓakar ɗan adam na tasirin greenhouse na duniya bayan CO2. Waɗannan gurɓatattun yanayi na ɗan gajeren lokaci suma gurɓatattun iska ne masu haɗari, tare da illa iri-iri ga lafiyar ɗan adam, noma da kuma yanayin muhalli. Sauran gurɓataccen yanayi na ɗan gajeren lokaci sun haɗa da wasu hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). Yayin da HFCs a halin yanzu suna cikin ƙananan yawa a cikin yanayi, gudummawar da suke bayarwa ga tilasta sauyin yanayi ana hasashen zai haura kusan kashi 19% na hayaƙin CO2 na duniya nan da 2050.

Bakar carbon wani babban sinadari ne na toka kuma ana samun shi ta hanyar rashin cikar konewar man fetir da kwayoyin halitta. Ana fitar da shi daga wurare daban-daban da suka hada da motocin diesel da manyan motoci, jiragen ruwa, murhu na zama, gobarar dazuka, konewar noma da wasu kayayyakin masana'antu. Yana da tasirin zafi akan sauyin yanayi sau 460-1500 fiye da CO2. Rayuwarsa ta bambanta daga 'yan kwanaki zuwa 'yan makonni. Lokacin da aka ajiye akan kankara da dusar ƙanƙara, baƙin carbon yana haifar da ɗumamar yanayi da haɓaka ƙimar narkewa. Hakanan yana tasiri ga samuwar gajimare kuma yana tasiri wurare dabam dabam da yanayin ruwan sama. Bugu da kari, baƙar fata carbon yana tasiri lafiyar ɗan adam. Abu ne na farko na kwayoyin halitta a cikin gurɓataccen iska wanda shine babban dalilin muhalli na mutuwa da wuri a duniya.

Methane (CH4) iskar gas ce da ke da ƙarfi fiye da sau 20 fiye da CO2, kuma tana da yanayin rayuwa na kusan shekaru 12. Ana samar da ita ta hanyoyin halitta (watau bacewar shuka da sharar dabbobi), amma kuma ana fitar da ita daga wurare da dama da mutum ya kera, da suka hada da ma'adinan kwal, tsarin iskar gas da mai, da kuma wuraren da ake zubar da kasa. Methane yana tasiri kai tsaye ga tsarin sauyin yanayi kuma yana da tasiri kai tsaye ga lafiyar ɗan adam da yanayin muhalli, musamman ta hanyar rawar da yake takawa a matsayin mafarin yanayin sararin samaniya.

HFCs iskar gas ne da ɗan adam ke yi da ake amfani da su a cikin kwandishan, firiji, kaushi, abubuwan busa kumfa, da iska. Yawancin HFCs suna kasancewa a cikin yanayi ƙasa da shekaru 15. Ko da yake suna wakiltar ƙaramin yanki na jimlar iskar gas na yanzu (kasa da kashi ɗaya), tasirin ɗumamar su yana da ƙarfi musamman kuma, idan ba a kula da su ba, HFCs na iya yin lissafin kusan kashi 20 na gurɓataccen yanayi nan da 2050.

Ozone mai girma ko matakin ƙasa (O3) shine ozone da ke cikin mafi ƙasƙanci na yanayi (har zuwa 10-15 km sama da ƙasa). Yana da alhakin babban ɓangare na haɓakar ɗan adam na tasirin greenhouse na duniya kuma yana da rayuwar 'yan kwanaki zuwa 'yan makonni. Ba a fitar da shi kai tsaye ba amma ya samo asali ne ta hanyar iskar oxygen da hasken rana ke tafiyar da wasu wakilai, wanda ake kira precursors ozone, musamman, methane (CH4) amma har da carbon monoxide (CO), mahadin kwayoyin da ba na methane masu canzawa ba (NMVOCs) da nitrogen oxides (NOx). Tropospheric ozone wani gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu ne wanda ke da illa ga lafiyar ɗan adam da tsire-tsire kuma yana da alhakin rage yawan amfanin gona.

## Yiwuwar sakamako na rage SLCP
Lafiya. Mataki don rage SLCPs yana da yuwuwar cimma fa'idodi da yawa. Alal misali, a kowace shekara, fiye da mutane miliyan 6 ne ke mutuwa da wuri daga gurɓacewar iska daga cikin gida da waje. Abubuwan gurɓata yanayi na ɗan gajeren lokaci sune abin zargi. Ayyuka masu sauri akan gurɓataccen yanayi na ɗan gajeren lokaci, kamar yaduwar dumbin murhun dafa abinci da mai mai tsafta, suna da yuwuwar hana sama da miliyan 2 na mutuwa da wuri kowace shekara.

## Manazarta