open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Harshen Ata (Negros)

Ata shine yaren Negrito na Philippine ya ku kusan bacewa da ake magana a tsibirin Negros a yankin Visayas na Philippines .

Tun daga 2013, an ba da rahoton cewa tsofaffi ba su wuce uku ko huɗu ba a arewacin tsibirin Negros, Philippines,  ko da yake biyu daga cikin waɗanda suka mutu a cikin 2021.

## Bayanan kula
Harshen Ati (Philippines)

Atin( Inati ), ko kuma Binisaya nga Inati, yaren Austronesia ne na tsibirin Panay a cikin kasar Philippines. 

Yaren da ake magana a arewacin Panay kuma ana kiransa Sogodnin . [1] Mutanen Ati kuma suna magana da Kinaray-a da Hiligaynon .

## Rabewa
Pennoyer (1987) and Reid (2013) consider Inati to be an isolate within the Philippine languages. It differs markedly from the Visayan languages and has many features not found in the Central Philippine languages.

Inati yana nuna wasu canje-canjen sauti na musamman. 

* Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *R > Inati , kamar PMP *  > Inati 
* Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ə > Inati  (kamar yadda yake cikin yarukan Central Luzon ), ba PMP *ə >  ko , kamar yadda a cikin harsunan Visayan

## Rarrabawa da yaruka
Lobel (2013:75) lists the following Ati communities in the Philippines, with populations given in parentheses:

* **Iloilo** (1,902): Anilao (341), Barotac Viejo (867), Cabatuan (31), Calinog (163), Dueñas (43), Dumangas (50), Janiuay (22), New Lucena (59), Passi (103), San Miguel (17), San Rafael (110), San Rafael (110), San Rafael (110), San Rafael (110). Joaquin (15)
* **Tsohon** (4,680): Anini-y (156), Hamtic (3,081), Tobias Fornier (1,383), San Jose (60)
* **Capiz** (308): Dumarao (308)
* **Aklan** (740+): Buruanga (?), Malay (740)
* **Guimaras** (789): Buenavista (189), Jordan (237), Sibunag (178), Nueva Valencia (185)
* **Negros Occidental** (309): Isabela (309)
* **Romblon** : Odiongan da Calatrava a tsibirin Tablas, da San Jose a tsibirin Carabao (girman yawan jama'a da ba a san su ba)

* **Antique** : Culuasi, Hamtic, San Jose, Sibalom, Tobias
** Tina, Hamtic, Antique (mutane 512)
* **Capiz** : Dumarao
* **Iloilo** : Janiuay, Anilao, Cabatuan, Duenas, Dumangas, Mina, New Lucena, Passi, San Miguel, San Joaquin, San Rafael, Santa Barbara, Tigbauan
** Nagpana, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo (mutane 500)
* **Aklan**
** Barangay Sabang, Buruanga, Aklan (gidaje 4, mutane 15)
** Barangay Jesuna, Nabas, Aklan (gidaje 3, mutane 20)
** A cikin Malay, Aklan : Barangays Argao, Cubay Norte, Cubay Sur, Cogon, Boracay (duka: gidaje 63, mutane 321)

Pennoyer (1987) reports that Sogodnin is spoken by a few remaining speakers in Cogon, Malay (whose ancestors had moved from interior Sabang to Bakirohan to Cogon), and on Carabao and Boracay islands.

Malay (kada a ruɗe da Malay, Malaysia .) da Barotac Viejo Nagpana. Ethnologue ya bayyana cewa Barotac Viejo Nagpana shine yare mai daraja. 

* Baƙaƙen baƙaƙen baƙar magana ba sauti bane.

## Manazarta
Josie Heath

**Josie Ward Heath** (an haife ta a ranar biyar ga watan Satumba 5, na shekara ta 1937) ƴar siyasar Amurka ce, kuma ƴar gwagwarmayar al'umma kuma malama   wandda a halin yanzu take aiki a matsayin memba na Hukumar Landan Jihar Colorado.  Ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Jihar Oregon ta Gabas kuma ta kammala karatun digiri a 1959 tare da digiri a fannin ilimi, sannan Master of Science a 1960 daga Jami'ar Wisconsin . Ta auri Rollie Heath, kuma sun zauna a Jamus ta Yamma tsawon shekaru 4 yayin da mijinta ke aiki da soja. Bayan komawa Amurka dangin sun koma Boulder, inda Josie ta fara shiga kungiyoyin al'umma da siyasa. 

A kan hanyar, Heath ya rike mukamai da yawa, ciki har da: Shugaban Cibiyar Albarkatun Mata ta Boulder County (1974), Mataimakin Shugaban Boulder County United Way (1975), da Daraktan Cibiyar Albarkatun Mata a Red Rocks Campus na Community College of Denver (1975-1979). Daga 1976-1979 ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban kasa a kwamitin zaben kotun da'ar da'irar Amurka, kuma a cikin 1979 Shugaba Jimmy Carter ya nada ta a matsayin darektan yankin Denver na ACTION (Hukumar tarayya don hidimar sa kai), 2004 - wakilai zuwa Babban Taron Kasa na Democratic.  Heath ya yi takarar neman kujera a Majalisar Dattawan Amurka a 1990 a matsayin dan takarar Democrat.   Ta taba zama shugabar hukumar kwamishinonin gundumar Boulder County. Heath ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Hukumar Zaɓen Alƙali na Gundumar 10th. Ita ce wacce ta kafa Ƙungiyar Tsabtace Jirgin Sama ta Boulder County.  Kwanan nan ita ce Shugabar Gidauniyar Al'umma ta Boulder County; ta yi ritaya a watan Janairun 2017 bayan ta yi shekaru 21 a Gidauniyar. 

An shigar da Heath a cikin Babban Taron Mata na Colorado a cikin 2000. [1] Heath memba ne na Cocin Unitarian Universalist na Boulder .

## Manazarta
Harshen Arta

Arta yaren Negrito ne mai hatsarin gaske na arewacin Philippines .

## Rarrabawa
Aikin filin Lawrence Reid na 1990 ya bayyana masu magana 12 kawai a Villa Santiago, Aglipay, Lardin Quirino, [1] kuma a cikin 1992 iyalai uku ne kawai ke magana. Ba shi da alaƙa ta kusa da wasu harsuna.

Har yanzu akwai ƙananan ƙungiyoyin masu magana da Arta a garuruwan Maddela da Nagtipunan na lardin Quirino .  Kimoto (2017) ya ba da rahoton cewa Arta yana da masu magana da harshe 10 da 35–45 masu magana da yare na biyu da ke zaune a Pulang Lupa, Kalbo, da Disimungal, Nagtipunan. 

Ana samun Arta a wurare masu zuwa a cikin Karamar Hukumar Nagtipunan . 

* Nagtipunan Municipality
** Disimungal Barangay
*** Purok Kalbo
*** Pulang Lupa
*** Tilitilan
** San Ramos Barangay
** Pongo Barangay
** Sangbay Barangay

Arta is in contact with Casiguran Agta, Nagtipunan Agta, Yogad, Ilokano, and Tagalog. 

## Ilimin sauti
Arta sananne ne don samun bambancin tsayin wasali, wani nau'in nau'in rubutu da ba a saba gani ba a Philippines. 

## Sauti yana canzawa
Kimoto (2017) ya lissafa canje-canjen sauti masu zuwa daga Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (PMP) zuwa Arta. Dogayen wasali a cikin Arta an samo su ne daga diphthong na PMP. 

## Ƙirƙirar ƙamus
Kimoto (2017)  ya lissafta waɗannan sabbin ƙamus na Arta masu zuwa (wanda aka haskaka da **ƙarfi** ). Sabbin sabbin kalmomi a cikin Casiguran Agta suma an haskaka su da ƙarfi.

Reid (1994)  ya lissafa siffofin da aka sake ginawa a matsayin yiwuwar abubuwan da ba na Australiya ba da aka samu keɓancewar a Arta. Fom daga Kimoto (2018)  kuma an haɗa su. Kula da amfani da orthographic è [ə] da ng [ŋ].

Reid (1994)  ya lissafta waɗannan siffofin da aka sake ginawa a matsayin yiwuwar abubuwan da ba na Australiya ba da aka samu a cikin Arta da "Arewa Agta" (watau harsunan Arewa maso Gabashin Luzon da ake magana da su galibi a Lardin Cagayan ). Fom daga Kimoto (2018)  kuma an haɗa su.

Siffofin *səlub 'ƙamshi' da *Rəbi 'tausayi, alheri' ana samunsu a duka Arta da Alta. 

## Manazarta
Harshen Asumbuo

Asumbuo ( Asubuo a cikin rubutun gida; Asumboa ko Asuboa a wasu kafofin) harshe ne da ake magana da shi a tsibirin Utupua, a lardin gabas na tsibirin Solomon . [1]

## Alaka
Kamar sauran harsuna biyu na Utupua ( Tanimbili da Amba ), Asumbuo na cikin rukunin Temotu na dangin Oceanic, shi kansa wani yanki na phylum na Austronesia .

## Ƙarfin harshe
Tare da kusan masu magana guda 10 kawai,  Asumbuo harshe ne mai hatsarin gaske . Tare da makwabcinsa Tanimbili, a halin yanzu ana maye gurbinsa da Amba (ko *Nebao* ), babban yaren Utupua .

## Manazarta
Harshe na Australiya

Austral (Reo Tuha'a pae) yare ne na Polynesian da ke cikin haɗari ko ci gaba da yaren da kusan mutane 8,000 ke magana a cikin 1987 a Tsibirin Austral da tsibirin Society na Polynesia ta Faransa. Harshen kuma ana kiransa Tubuai-Rurutu, Tubuai, Rurutu-Tupuaʻ, ko Tupuaʻ. Yana da alaƙa da sauran yarukan Tahitic, musamman Tahitian da Māori.

## Tarihi
Waɗanda suka fara magana da Australiya su ne Tubuaians, mutanen Tubuai . An zauna a tsibirin tun aƙalla 1215 CE.

Mutumin Turai na farko da ya ziyarci Tubuai shi ne James Cook a 1777, kodayake bai sauka ba. Mutanen Turai na gaba da suka isa su ne masu tayar da kayar baya na HMS Bounty a cikin shekara ta 1789. Bayan kafa sansani, masu tayar da kayar baya sun lalace zuwa mamaye ƙauyuka na gida don sace mata,  kuma sun bar bayan watanni biyu.  Mutineer James Morrison ya rubuta yawan mutanen Tubuai a matsayin "3000 souls".  Lokacin da masu wa'azi na Kirista suka isa shekaru talatin bayan haka, an rage yawan jama'a zuwa mutane 300 kawai. Wani ministan Furotesta lokacin da ya ziyarci ikilisiya a Tubuai a ranar 3 ga Janairu, 1824, ya rubuta cewa mazauna tsibirin da yawa har yanzu suna fama da mummunar cuta. Ya bayyana alamun kuma ya lura cewa daruruwan sun mutu a cikin shekaru hudu da suka gabata. A sakamakon haka, wasu al'adun gargajiya, imani, da harsuna sun ɓace ko kuma sun yi ƙoƙari su tsira. Har yanzu harsunan yankin Austral ba su da sanarwa ta hukuma, tun daga shekarar 2015. 

## Rarraba kwayoyin halitta
Ostiraliya harshe ne na Australiya,  kamar yadda yawancin sauran harsunan Pacific. A cikin wannan iyali, an rarraba Austral a matsayin wani ɓangare na reshen Tahitic na harsunan Polynesia, yana mai da shi kusanci da Tahitian da Māori . 

## Matsayi
Harshen Ostiraliya an rarraba shi a matsayin "barazana" a cikin Kasidar Harsunan Ƙarfafa . [1] Tare da ƙasa da kashi 6% na yawan jama'ar Polynesia na Faransa suna magana Austral, matsayinsa na Ethnologue shima ana ɗaukarsa yana "canzawa". Wannan yana nufin cewa harshen yana zama a cikin tsararraki ɗaya kawai ba a koya wa zuriyarsu ba. Wani abin da ya haifar da raguwar yawan masu magana a Ostiraliya shine yadda al'umma ke jujjuya harshe a hankali zuwa yaren Tahiti mafi yaɗuwa (kuma masu alaƙa).

## Yaruka
Ostiraliya tana da ƙayyadaddun ƙungiyoyin yare guda huɗu: Ra'ivavae, Rimatara, Rurutu, da Tubuai batattu (wanda kuma aka sani da Tupuai). Kowane ɗayan waɗannan ana kiran su kuma ana magana a kan tsibirin da ya dace: Raivavae, Rimatara, Rurutu da Tubuai . 

## Ilimin sauti
Sauraron harshe na yarukan Australiya daban-daban sun bambanta sosai. Yarukan Rurutu da Ra'ivavae, alal misali, suna da baƙaƙen wayoyi takwas ne kawai, wanda hakan ya sa ya yi wuyar fahimta har ma ga masu jin Tahitian, wani yaren Polynesia. Har ila yau, yaren Ra'ivavae ba sabon abu ba ne a cikin cewa rhotic consonant ɗinsa ya samo asali zuwa madaidaicin murya mai tsayi, kama da sautin "g" a Turanci. 

Duk yaruka suna da wasula guda biyar , tare da dogayen bambance-bambancen karatu kama da a zahiri duk yarukan Polynesia. 

## Misalin kalmomi

## Manazarta
Harshe na Bah-Biau Punan

**Bah-Biau Punan** yare ne na Austronesian wanda mutanen Punan Bah da Punan Biau na Borneo ke magana a Indonesia, Malaysia da Brunei .

## Manazarta
Seriki William Abass Slave Museum

Gidan kayan gargajiya na Seriki William Abass wani wuri ne na tarihi wanda ke cikin yankin Badagry, Jihar Legas, Najeriya . An kafa shi a farkon shekara ta 1840, yana aiki a matsayin fili na William Abass da kuma wurin riƙe bayi a lokacin cinikin bayi na transatlantic.

## Tarihi
Gidan kayan gargajiya yana cikin tsohon gidan zama na Cif Seriki William Abass, wanda ake kira da Ifaremilekun Fagbami. An haife shi a kusa da Shekarar 1835 a garin Orile, Jihar Ogun . 

## Manazarta
Harshen Batak (Philippines)

**Batak** yare ne na kasar  Austronesian Mutanen Batak ke magana da shie a  Tsibirin Palawan a Philippines . Wani lokaci ana rarraba shi daga yarukan Batak kamar **Palawan Batak** .

Ana magana da Batak a cikin al'ummomin Babuyan, Maoyon, Tanabag, Langogan, Tagnipa, Caramay, da Buayan. Harsunan da ke kewaye da su sun haɗa da Kudancin Tagbanwa, Tsakiyar Tagbanwa، Kuyonon, da Agutaynen . 

## Fasahar sauti

## Wakilan sunaye

## Manazarta
Harshen Berawan

**Berawan** yare ne a kasan Austronesian na Sarawak.

## Harsuna

# Lakiput
# Labari
# Lelak
# Dali
# Miri mai tsawo teran
# Belait
# Tutong
# Tsawon Terawan
# Long Tutoh
# koguna na Mulu

## Rarraba
Baram (Tutoh-Tinjar) 

# Batu Bela (Sungai Merah) (Lower Tutoh) 
# Tsawon Terawan (Middle Tutoh) 
# Long Teru (Lower Tinjar) 
# Long Jegan (Middle Tinjar) 
# Long Teran
# Tsawon Tabing
# Long Takong
# Gidan shakatawa na Loagan Bunut
# Long Patan
# Long Palo (Tutoh) 
# Long Kuk

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Kaipuleohone yana da tarin kayan aiki (RB2-003) wanda ya haɗa da bayanin kula akan Berawan.
Harshen Bintulu

**Bintulu** ko Vaie yare ne na ƙasar  Austronesian na Borneo . Robert Blust ya bar shi a matsayin mai zaman kansa a cikin yarukan Arewacin Sarawakan .  Ethnologue ya lura cewa yana iya zama mafi kusa da Baram a cikin waɗannan harsuna.

## Manazarta
Harshen Bonggi

**Bonggi** (Banggi) yare ne na kasar  Austronesian wanda mutanen Bonggi na Tsibirin Banggi ke magana da shi, a arewacin Sabah, Malaysia .

## Rubutun kalmomi

### Sautin da diphthongs

* a - ,  ba tare da damuwa ba
* e - 
* i - 
* o - 
* u - 
* aa - 
* ee - 
* ii - 
* oo - 
* uu - 
* ai - 
* ko - ko kuma

A ƙarshen kalmomi, k, p, da t ba a sake su ba.

## Manazarta
Harshen Bookan

**Bookan** ko **Baukan Murut**, yare ne mai mutuwa sabon da ba a magana da shie sosai yanzu na Mutanen Murut na Sabah, Malaysia .

## Manazarta
Harshen Budong-Budong

**Budong-Budong** yare ne na Austronesian na Sulawesi, Indonesia, ana magana da shi a ƙauyen Tongkou, Gundumar Budong-Dudong, Tsakiyar Mamuju Regency . Tare da Seko Tengah da Panasuan, yana cikin reshen Seko na Kudancin Sulawesi.[1]

## Manazarta
Bangkok Malay

**[[Bangkok]] [[Harshen Malay|Malay]]**, wanda kuma ake kira **Bangkok Melayu** ko **Nayu**, shine bambancin yankin Malay da ke zaune a Bangkok da yankunan da ke kewaye da shi ke magana. Ya samo asali ne daga haɗuwa da al'ummar Malay daga Kudancin Thailand kuma a hankali ya rabu a matsayin nau'ikan Malay daban-daban. Duk da kasancewar tarihin Malay a cikin abin da ke yanzu Bangkok wanda aka tsara tun farkon zamanin Ayutthaya, yaren duk da haka ya fara bunkasa ne bayan da aka kwashe masu ƙaura daga Kedah, Kelantan, Patani, Satun, Terengganu, da Yaring a cikin 1786, 1791, da 1832.

Ana iya samun masu magana da Bangkok Malay a ko'ina cikin birni, tare da mafi girma a cikin yankunan Malay a Thon Buri, Thung Khru, Phra Pradaeng, Bang Kho Laem, Phra Khanong, Khlong Saen Saep, Min Buri, Nong Chok, Bang Nam Priao, Chachoengsao, Thon Buri.

Akwai bambance-bambance da yawa na Bangkok Malay, saboda raƙuman ruwa daban-daban da asalin ƙauyukan Malay a cikin birni. Yaren ya dogara ne akan Patani Malay, tare da bambancin da ake gani daga asalin da ake magana a kudu. Wannan yana ba da damar kafa Bangkok Malay a matsayin yare daban daga Patani Malay. Wani sanannen yaren Bangkok Malay da ake magana a cikin Bang Kraso, Bang Bua Thong da Tha Gundumomi sun nuna tasirin Khoda mai ƙarfi, wanda ke da alaƙa da gaskiyar cewa yawancin mutanen Malay daga waɗannan yankuna sun fito ne daga waɗanda aka kawo daga Kedah a karni na 18.

Bayan hauhawar birane da daidaitawa tare da mafi yawan Thai, yaren yanzu an iyakance shi sosai ga manya sama da shekaru 40, tare da bambancin ƙwarewa tsakanin matasa.

## Dubi kuma

* 'Yan Malay na Thai
* Kelantan-Patani Malay
* Kedah Malay
* Harsunan Malay

## Bayani

## Bayanan littattafai

* Umaiyah Haji Umar (2003), *Haɗuwa da al'ummomin Bangkok-Melayu a cikin babban birnin Bangkok da yankunan da ke kewaye* da shi, Ann Arbor: Jami'ar Michigan, fitowar kan layi
* Umaiyah Haji Umar (2007), Harshe da Rubuce-rubuce na Bangkok Melayu", Taron Kasa da Kasa kan Harsuna da Rubucen Rubuce, fitowar kan layi*Harshe da Tsarin Rubuce-rubuce na Bangkok Melayu", Taron Kasa da Kasa kan Harsuna da Tsarin Rubutun, [http://www.sabrizain.org/malaya/library/bkmlang.pdf fitowar kan layi]*
* 
* Siti Munirah binti Kassim (2014), *Sosio Budaya dan Identiti Etnik Melayu di Thailand*, Kuala Lumpur:Jabatan Pengajian Asia Tenggara, Universiti Malaya, fitowar kan layi (a cikin Malay)
Harshen Bantik

**Bantik** yare ne na Austronesian da ke cikin haɗari, watakila yaren Philippines, na Arewacin Sulawesi, Indonesia. Harshen gargajiya ne na mutanen Bantik  (ƙungiyar Minahasans), waɗanda yanzu suna sauyawa zuwa Manado Malay (nau'in Malay na gida) a matsayin yarensu don sadarwa ta yau da kullun. Yayin da yake amfani da Indonesia don lokutan addini da na al'ada. Kodayake har yanzu ana amfani da Bantik a matsayin alamar asalin kabilanci.

An dauki Bantik a matsayin yaren maza, wanda maza ke amfani da shi a cikin sirri, kuma an dauke shi mara kyau a yi magana da mata a Bantik. Mata kalilan ne kawai a kasa da shekaru 30 da suka san yadda za a yi magana.

## Fasahar sauti

### Sautin sautin

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

### Yanayin Yanayi
Bantik yana da haɗuwa.

Dokokin jumla na asali na Bantik sune batun-kalma-abu da kuma kalma-abu-abu. Ana amfani da na farko lokacin gabatar da sabon abu, na ƙarshe lokacin gabatar da sabuwar batun.

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje
* Lissafin Magana na Bantik a cikin Asusun Bayanai na Austronesian
Aristotle Athari

**Aristotle Athari** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1991),  wanda aka fi sani da **Aristotle Athiras**,  ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na ƙasar Amurka, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma mai shirya fina-finai. Athari ya kasance memba ne na wasan kwaikwayo na NBC a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Asabar da dare Live a lokacin kakar wasa ta 47 tsakanin shekara ta 2021 da kuma shekarar 2022.

## Ayyuka
Bayan ya fara aikinsa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo, Athari ya fara aiki tare da ƴan wasan kwaikwayo na Musulmi-Amurka Hasan Minhaj, Asif Ali, da Fahim Anwar a kan zane-zane a ƙarƙashin sunan rukuni Goatface .  Wani sa'a na musamman na aikin su na zane ya fito ne a Comedy Central a shekarar 2018.  Ya taka rawar gani a kakar wasa ta ƙarshe ta HBO ta *Silicon Valley* a matsayin Gabe .  Athari kuma tana ba da gudummawa ga kwasfan fayiloli "Wannan Amurkawa ne Rayuwa," wani labari ne na shirin rediyo *Wannan Rayuwar Amurka*.  

A cikin shekarar 2021, an jefa Athari a matsayin ɗan wasa a ranar Asabar Night Live, tare da ƴan uwansa James Austin Johnson da Sarah Sherman, don kakar wasa ta arba'in da bakwai. Shi ne na biyu da aka jefa daga zuriyar Iran da kuma ɗan wasan Gabas ta Tsakiya na Ƙasar Amurka a tarihin wasan kwaikwayon (bayan Nasim Pedrad). Bai dawo ba don kakar wasa ta 48 ta *SNL*.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Athari Ya auri mai ɗaukar hoto Maura Grace Hooper a watan Satumbar shekara ta 2021. Ya fito ne daga asalin Iran na ƙasar Amurka.

## Hotunan fina-finai

### Fim ɗin

### Talabijin

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin Haɗin waje

*
Harshen Duanoʼ

Duanoʼ yare ne na Malayic na ƙasar Indonesia da Malaysia . A Malaysia yaren yana mutuwa, ana magana da shi ne kawai ta kashi ɗaya cikin goma na yawan kabilun.

## Manazarta
Dupaningan Agta

**Dupaningan Agta** (Dupaninan Agta), ko Gabashin Cagayan Agta, yare ne da ake magana da shi ta hanyar farauta da masu tarawa Negrito na lardunan Cagayan da Isabela a arewacin Luzon, Philippines. Yaren yaren Yaga yana da ɗan fahimta.

## Yankin rarraba da yaruka
Robinson (2008) ya ba da rahoton cewa kusan mutane 1,400 ne ke magana da Dupaningan Agta a cikin al'ummomi 35 da suka warwatse, kowannensu yana da gidaje 1-70.

* Tsibirin Palau - Masu magana ba sa ɗaukar kansu Dupaningan, amma yaren yayi kama da na sauran Dupaningans.
* Nangaramuan, Santa Ana
* Barongagunay, Santa Clara, Santa Ana 
* Valley Cove, Baggao 
* Kattot
* Bolos a Ballek (Bolos Point) - ƙauyen da ake amfani da harshen Dupaningan Agta
* Bolos a Dakal (Bolos, Maconacon, Isabela) 
* Santa Clara, Gonzaga, Cagayan 

Ethnologue ya ba da rahoton Yaga, Tanglagan, Santa Ana-Gonzaga, Barongagunay, tsibirin Palaui, Camonayan, Valley Cove, Bolos Point, Peñablanca, Roso (Kudancin gabashin Cagayan), Santa Margarita a matsayin yarukan Dingan Agta . 

## Fasahar sauti

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

Inda alamomi suka bayyana a nau'i-nau'i, wanda ke dama ana bayyana shi.

### Sautin sautin

## Manazarta
Harshen Dusner

**Dusner** yare ne da ake magana a ƙauyen Dusner a lardin West Papua ƙasar , Indonesia . Dusner Yana cikin haɗari sosai, kuma an ruwaito cewa yana da sauran masu magana uku kawai.

## Yanayin zamantakewa da harshe
Harshen yana cikin haɗari sosai tare da masu magana uku kawai da aka ruwaito sun rage.   A cikin 2011, masu bincike daga Kwalejin Linguistics, Philology da Phonetics na Jami'ar Oxford sun fara aikin yin rubuce-rubuce da ƙamus na harshe, tare da haɗin gwiwar UNIPA (Jami'ar Jihar Papua) da UNCEN (Jami'ar Cenderawasih, Papua).  Sakamakon aikin sun kasance ƙamus, ƙamus da aka buga,  da kuma gidan yanar gizon da ke rubuta harshen.

## Fasahar sauti
Abubuwan da ke tattare da Dusner sun ƙunshi wasula biyar da ƙwayoyin 19 (biyarsu kawai an tabbatar da su a cikin kalmomin aro daga Indonesian / Papuan Malay). 

(Phonemes a cikin parentheses a cikin tebur an tabbatar da su ne kawai a cikin kalmomin aro daga Papuan Malay) 

Babu sautin a cikin harshe. Harshen harshe yana da adadi mai yawa na ƙididdigar ƙira, wasu daga cikinsu sun saba wa ka'idar Sonority Sequencing.

## Yanayin Yanayi

## Manazarta
Harshen Dusun Witu

**Dusun Witu**, ko **Witu**, yare ne da mutanen Dusun Wito na Borneo ke magana musamman a lardin Kalimantan Tengah, yankin Kudancin Barito, kusa da garuruwan Pendang da Buntokecil; kudancin garin Muarateweh a Indonesia. Yana da alaƙa da yaren Malagasy da ake magana a Madagascar.

## Manazarta
Harshen Emplawas

**Emplawas** yare ne na Austronesian da ake magana a ƙauye ɗaya a Tsibirin Babar a Kudancin Maluku, Indonesia .

## Manazarta
Harshen Dusun Balangan

**Dusun Balangan** (Halong) yaren Dayak ne da mutanen Halong Dayak ke magana a cikin Balangan Regency, Kudancin Kalimantan da ƙauyen Tanjung Pinang a cikin Paser Regency, Gabashin Kalimantan, Indonesia.

## Dubi kuma

## Manazarta
Harshen Dusun Malang

**Dusun Malang**, ko **Malang**, yare ne da Mutanen Dusun na Borneo ke magana. Yana da alaƙa da yaren Malagasy.

## Manazarta
Harshen Ganaʼ

Ganaʼ (Gana, Ganaq) yare ne na Austronesian na Sabah, Malaysia .

Tun lokacin da Ganaʼ da Kujau, yaren Dusunic, ana magana da su a ciki da kewayen garin Keningau, Gana tana da mahimmancin kalmomin aro na Dusunic. 

## Manazarta
Harshen Gao

**Gao** (wanda kuma ake kira **Nggao**) ya kasance yare ne na  yankin Oceanic da ke cikin haɗari wanda ake magana a Tsibirin Solomon . Masu magana da shi suna zaune a Tsibirin Santa Isabel .

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Paradisec bude damar tarin rikodin a Gao.
* Paradisec bude damar tattara bayanan filin akan Gao vocabulary.
Harshen Haeke

**Haeke** ("Aeke) yare ne mai banbanci kuma kusan ya ƙare na New Caledonia, a cikin garin Koné.
## Manazarta
Harshen Hatang Kayi

**Harshen Hatang Kayi**

## Kalmomin
Ana kiran yaren da kalmomi daban-daban a cikin wallafe-wallafen harshe. Masu magana suna magana da yarensu a matsayin  ('wannan harshe') yayin da Remontado shine kalmar da aka fi sani da ita a cikin wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi da aka yi amfani da ita don komawa ga al'umma da yarensu. Tagalog-language text" typeof="mw:Transclusion">** (ma'anar 'tsohon' ko 'tsohon" a cikin Tagalog) kalma ce da aka yi amfani da ita a wasu wallafe-wallafen da suka samo asali ne bayan gano harshe a cikin shekarun 1970s amma masu magana da harshe da kansu ba su taɓa amfani da ita ba. An kuma yi amfani da Remontado Agta amma wannan ma kuskure ne saboda masu magana da wannan harshe ba a taɓa kiransu Agta ba.

## Rarraba
Reid (2010)  ya rarraba harshen a matsayin harshen Luzon na Tsakiya, kamar Kapampangan da Sambal.

## Rarraba
An samo Remontado Dumagat a cikin al'ada a cikin duwatsu a kusa da iyaka tsakanin gundumar Sampaloc a Tanay, Rizal, da Janar Nakar, Quezon (Lobel 2013: 72-73). 

A yau, ana magana da Remontado a cikin ƙauyuka biyar masu zuwa, inda tsofaffi ne kawai ke magana da shi sama da shekaru 50 (Lobel & Surbano 2019).  Biyu daga cikin ƙauyuka suna cikin Barangay Santa Inez, garin Tanay, lardin Rizal, kuma uku daga cikin ƙwayoyin suna cikin Bararang Limutan, garin Janar Nakar, lardin Quezon.

* Minanga (Sentro), Barangay Limutan, Janar garin Nakar, Lardin Quezon
* Gidan Sari, Barangay Limutan, Janar Nakar garin, Lardin Quezon
* Gidan Paimuhuan, Barangay Limutan, Janar Nakar garin, Lardin Quezon
* Gidan Nayon, Barangay Santa Inez, garin Tanay, Lardin Rizal
* Gidan Kinabuan, Barangay Santa Inez, garin Tanay, Lardin Rizal

## Manazarta
Harshen Ida'an

Harshen **Ida'an** (kuma **Ida'an**) yare ne na Malayo-Polynesian da mutanen Idaʼan ke magana a gabashin gabar Sabah, Malaysia.

## Tarihi
Harshen yana da dogon tarihin wallafe-wallafen; aikin farko da aka sani a cikin harshe shine rubutun hannu wanda aka rubuta a shekara ta 1408 AD. Rubutun, wanda aka rubuta ta amfani da Rubutun Jawi, ya ba da labarin wani mutumin Ida'an mai suna Abdullah a Darvel Bay wanda ya rungumi Islama, tare da yankin don haka ya zama ɗayan yankuna na farko da aka san a Malaysia don rungumar Islama. Mutanen Ida'an, Begak da Subpan sun kafa kabilanci ɗaya. Ida'an sun tuba zuwa addinin Musulunci bayan juyowa na Abdullah, yayin da Begak da Subpan suka ci gaba da yin addininsu na gargajiya.

## Iri-iri
An bayyana yaren Ida'an kamar yana da yare uku: Ida'an daidai (wanda ake magana a Sagama da ƙauyuka da yawa a yammacin Lahad Datu), Begak (wanda ake nufi a Ulu Tungku da ƙauyukan da yawa a gabashin Lahad Dutu), da Subpan (wanda ake Magana a gundumomin Kinabatangan da Sandakan).  Wadannan yaruka sun dace da kabilun uku wadanda suka kafa rukuni daya.

Lobel (2016)  ya lissafa *Sungai Seguliud* da Begak a matsayin yarukan Idaanic (nau'ikan harsuna da ke da alaƙa da *Ida'an* daidai). An ce yaren Begak yana fuskantar barazanar halaka, yayin da matasa masu magana ke sauyawa zuwa Malay.

## Fasahar sauti

### Sautin sautin

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

## Manazarta
Yaren Inagta Partido

**Inagta Partido** (**Isarog Agta**) ko kuma **Katubung**  yaren Bikol ne wanda kusan ya ƙare wanda ake magana da shi ta hanyar farauta-mai tarawa Agta (Negrito) na Philippines. An samo shi a Dutsen Isarog a gabashin Naga City musamman a garin Ocampo inda aka gudanar da binciken da aka yi kwanan nan game da yaren.

A cewar Lobel (2013),  babu masu magana da Inagta Partido a karkashin 60. Harshen yana mutuwa. Ethnologue ya ambaci wani rahoto daga shekara ta 2000 cewa a lokacin akwai masu magana biyar kawai daga kabilanci na kimanin 1,000.

Inagta Partido ya aro da yawa daga yarukan Bikol kamar Bikol Naga da Bikol Partido, amma yana da substratum wanda ba Bikol ba.

## Manazarta
Harshen Agutaynen

Ana magana da **Harshen Agutaynen** a Palawan"

## Rarraba
Caabay & Melvin (2014: 1-2)  lura cewa kimanin mutane 15,000 ne ke magana da Agutaynen a Tsibirin Agutaya da shida daga cikin ƙananan Tsibirin Cuyo, wato Diit, Maracañao, Matarawis, Algeciras, Concepcion, da Quiniluban. Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II, an kuma tura masu magana da Agutaynen zuwa San Vicente, Roxas, Brooke's Point, Balabac, Linapacan, da kuma Puerto Princesa City a tsibirin Palawan.

## Fasahar sauti

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

### Sautin sautin

*  na iya canzawa zuwa sautunan , , .

## Harshen harshe

### Wakilan sunaye
Saitin sunaye masu zuwa sune sunayen da aka samu a cikin harshen Agutaynen. Lura: ana rarraba shari'ar kai tsaye / mai suna tsakanin cikakkun siffofi da gajerun siffofi.

## manazarta

## Bayanan littattafai

* [Hasiya] 1999. "Agutaynen texts. Nazarin a Agutaynen, Sashe na I". A cikin: *Nazarin Harsuna da Al'adu na Philippines* 11 (1): 7-88. Ana samunsa a kan layi daga SIL

## Ƙarin karantawa

* [Hasiya] *Binciken mahimmancin harshe na Agutaynen: 1984-2009*. Takarda da aka gabatar a Taron Kasa da Kasa na 11 kan Harshe na Austronesian, Aussois, Faransa a cikin 2009. Ana samunsa a SIL. Ranar samun dama: 26 ga Disamba 2022.

## Haɗin waje

* Agutaynen-English Dictionary online ƙamus (SIL Philippines)
Harshen Kalao

**Kalao**, ko *Kalaotoa,* yare ne na Austronesian na Tsibirin Kalao, Kudancin Sulawesi, Indonesia . Yana cikin reshen Wotu-Wolio na ƙungiyar Celebic. 

## Manazarta
Harshe na Kanowit

Harshen **Kanowit**, wanda kuma ake kira **Serau Tet Kanowit** (harshe na mutanen Kanowit), yare ne na  ƙasar Austronesian da ake magana a Sarawak, Malaysia a tsibirin Borneo . Yana da fahimtar juna tare da harshen **Tanjong** (wanda ake kira *Tanjung*), wanda ake magana har ma da kogin kusa da garin Kapit. Tanjong na iya zama yare daban daga Kanowit. Koyaya, harsuna biyu a halin yanzu suna da sunan *kxn* a cikin ISO 639-3 .  Ana magana da Kanowit da farko a Kampung Bedil, ƙauyen da ke kusa da mil ɗaya daga Kogin Rajang daga Garin Kanowit.

## Kalmomin kalmomi
Wasu ƙamus na Kanowit da aka fassara zuwa Turanci: 

## Manazarta
Heleieth Saffioti

**Heleieth Iara Bongiovani Saffioti** (Janairu 4, 1934 - ga watan disamba  13, 2010) masanin ilimin zamantakewa ne na Brazil, malami, kuma mai fafutukar mata.

## Rayuwa
Saffioti 'yar mai sutura ce kuma masanin mason. An haife ta ne a Ibirá a shekara ta 1934 a jihar São Paulo . Ta kammala karatu tare da digiri a fannin Kimiyya ta Jama'a daga Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences, and Letters na Jami'ar São Paulo (USP) a shekarar 1960. A cikin wannan shekarar, ta fara bincikenta na farko na ilimi game da yanayin mata a Brazil, taken da zai zama abin da za a yi wa rubutunta ga Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Araraquara, Jami'ar Jihar São Paulo (UNESP), mai taken A mulher na societat de classe: mito e realidade (Mata a cikin aji: labari da gaskiya), a karkashin Farfesa Florestan Fernandes, wanda Saffioti ya kare a 1967 kuma an buga shi a 1976. Littafin ya kasance mafi kyawun sayarwa a lokacinsa kuma a yau, har yanzu ana amfani dashi azaman bayani a cikin nazarin jinsi. Ra'ayinta na Marxist shine tushen zargi saboda juyin mulkin soja na baya-bayan nan a shekarar 1964,  amma ana kiranta daya daga cikin manyan masu ra'ayi a duk duniya kan ci gaban "mata na dialectical".

Ta kasance farfesa a Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP) kuma farfesa mai ziyara a Makarantar Ayyukan Jama'a Jami'ar Tarayya ta Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Ta kirkiro Cibiyar Nazarin Jima'i, Class da Ethnicity a UFRJ, ta kula da rubutun a PUC-SP kuma ta yi ritaya daga UNESP (Campus Araraquara), wanda shi ne farfesa emeritus. Kodayake tana da matsayinta na ilimi, ba ta da alaƙa da wasu kungiyoyi saboda ba ta son rasa "yancin tunani". A shekara ta 2005, an haɗa ta a cikin sanarwa mai suna "Mata 1000 don Kyautar Zaman Lafiya ta Nobel", wanda kungiyar Swiss Women for Peace Around the World ta tsara, wanda ke da niyyar fahimtar rawar da mata ke takawa a kokarin zaman lafiya. Daga cikin mata 1000 akwai 'yan Brazil 51.

Saffioti ta auri masanin kimiyyar jiki Waldemar Saffioti, farfesa, marubucin litattafai da kuma wakilin Araraquara. A shekara ta 2000, jim kadan bayan mutuwar mijinta, ta yanke shawarar ba da kyautar gonar ma'auratan a Araraquara ga UNESP, wanda aka juya ya zama cibiyar al'adu. Ta ci gaba da aiki har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarta. Ta mutu tana da shekaru 76 saboda cutar arteriosclerosis . [1]

## Ayyukan da aka zaɓa

* Mata a cikin Class Society. Michael Vale ne ya fassara shi. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1978 (asalin: Mace a cikin al'umma na aji: labari da gaskiyar) (1969) 
* *Kwarewar mata: farfesa na firamare da ma'aikata* (1969) 
* *Kasuwanci na gida da jari-hujja* (1978) 
* *Daga sana'a zuwa masana'antu: binciken mace* (1981) 
* Ma'aikatan karkara (1983) 
* *Mata ta Brazil: zalunci da bincike* (1984) 
* *Ikon namiji* (1987) 
* Mata ta Brazil ita ce haka (1994) 
* *Rikicin jinsi: iko da rashin ƙarfi* (1995) 
* *Jima'i, shugabanci da tashin hankali* (2004) 

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

*
Harshen Kayupulau

**Kayupulau** ko **Kayo Pulau** yare ne na Austronesian wanda kusan ya ƙare wanda manya ke magana a Jayapura Harbor a lardin Indonesia_province)Papua, Indonesia. A shekara ta 2007, kasa da kashi ɗaya cikin goma na yawan kabilun sun yi amfani da shi.

## Manazarta
Harshen Keningau Murut

**Keningau Murut**, ko **Murut ta Tsakiya**, yare ne da Mutanen Murut na Borneo ke magana da shie.

## Manazarta
Harshen Kiput

**Kiput** yare ne na Malayo-Polynesian wanda Mutanen Kiput ke magana da shi a arewacin Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia.

## Fasahar sauti
While the Northern Sarawakan languages in general are known for unusual phonological developments, Kiput stands out from the rest.

Kiput yana da monophthongs takwas , aƙalla diphthongs goma sha biyu  da triphthongs biyu .

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

## Manazarta
Harshen Koriya

Harshen yaren Koriya ya rufe sautin daban-daban na harshe, mai ma'ana (19 consonants da 7 vowels a cikin yaren Seoul) da kuma ka'idojin da ke kula da yadda waɗannan sautunan ke hulɗa da juna. Wannan labarin shine bayanin fasaha na **[[phonetics]] da phonology na Koriya**. Sai dai idan an lura da haka, maganganu a cikin wannan labarin suna nufin Harshen Koriya ta Kudu wanda ya dogara da Yaren Seoul.

Ana rubuta Morphophonemes a cikin slashes biyu, phonemes a cikin clashes (/ /), da allophones a cikin brackets ().

## Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi
Koriya tana da sautin sautin 19.

Ga kowane mai faɗakarwa da mai faɗar albarkacin baki, akwai bambancin hanyoyi uku tsakanin ɓangarorin da ba a bayyana ba, waɗanda aka rarrabe su a matsayin bayyane, mai ƙarfi, da mai son rai.

* The "plain" segments, sometimes referred to as "lax" or "lenis", are considered to be the more "basic" or unmarked members of the Korean obstruent series. The "plain" segments are also distinguished from the tense and aspirated phonemes by changes in vowel quality, including a relatively lower pitch of the following vowel.
* The "tense" segments, also referred to as "fortis", "hard", or "glottalized", have eluded precise description and have been the subject of considerable phonetic investigation. In the Korean alphabet as well as all widely used romanization systems for Korean, they are represented as doubled plain segments:  ,  ,  ,  . As it was suggested from the Middle Korean spelling, the tense consonants came from the initial consonant clusters *sC*-, *pC*-, and *psC*-.
* The "aspirated" segments are characterized by aspiration, a burst of air accompanied by the delayed onset of voicing.

Tsarin syllable na Koriya shine mafi yawan CGVC, inda G shine sauka /j, w, ♡ / .  (Akwai wani nau'i na musamman na waje a cikin halin da ya haɗu da sautuna  da  ƙirƙirar [[).  Duk wani sashi sai dai  na iya faruwa da farko, amma kawai  na iya faru a ƙarshe. Tsarin sassan biyu na iya faruwa tsakanin wasula.

## manazarta
Harshen Kohin

**Kohin**, wanda aka fi sani da * (Bahasa) Seruyan*, yare ne na Barito na tsakiyar Kalimantan, Indonesia .

## Manazarta
Harshen Dusun

**Tsakiyar Dusun**, wanda aka fi sani da **Bunduli**  yare ne na Austronesian kuma ɗayan harsunan da suka fi yaduwa da mutanen Dusun (ciki har da Kadazan) na Sabah, Malaysia ke magana.

## Tarihi
Abin da ake kira *Tsakiyar *Dusun** (ko kawai Dusun) da Coastal *Kadazan* (ko kawai Kadazan) ana ɗaukar su da fahimtar juna sosai; mutane da yawa suna ɗaukar waɗannan a matsayin ɓangare na yare ɗaya.

Harshen yana daga cikin sauran harsunan Sabahan da aka hana a karkashin tilasta wa Mustapha Harun na tilasta wa Bahasa Malaysia a fadin jihar. A karkashin kokarin Kungiyar Al'adu ta Kadazandusun Sabah, a cikin shekarar alif 1995, an zaɓi yaren Bundu-Liwan na tsakiya don zama tushen yaren "Kadazandusun". Wannan yaren, wanda ake magana a cikin kwarin Bundu da Liwan na kewayon Crocker-Trusmadi (yanzu sassan gundumomin Ranau, Tambunan da Keningau na yanzu), an zaba shi saboda an dauke shi mafi fahimta yayin tattaunawa da wasu yarukan "Dusun" ko "Kadazan".

## Fasahar sauti
Alamun a Tsakiyar Dusun da Coastal Kadazan sune kamar haka:

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

Robinson ya bayyana cewa /r/ a cikin Tindal Dusun flap ne [ɾ].

 yana faruwa ne a matsayin allophone na  a cikin matsayi na tsakiya.

Tangit da MBDK sun lura cewa ƙwayoyin Coastal Kadazan sun dace da ƙwayoyin da ke cikin wasu iri:

### Sautin sautin
Kadazandusun yawanci ana cewa yana da wasula huɗu /a i u o/ . A cewar Tingit, /o/ a Tsakiyar Dusun ba ta da ƙanƙanta fiye da a Coastal Kadazan kuma wani lokacin ana wakilta shi da Ōe.

## Rubutun kalmomi
An rubuta Dusun ta amfani da haruffa na Latin ta amfani da halayen 21 (an yi amfani da haruffan C, E, F, Q, da X a cikin kalmomin aro):

A B D G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Z

Wadannan haruffa tare ana kiransu *Pimato*.

Diphthongs: 意 意 ዔ (⟨ai⟩ lokacin ana kiranta ) ⟨uu⟩

Wasu haɗuwa da wasula ba su samar da diphthongs ba kuma kowane wasula yana riƙe da sautin sa na daban. A wasu kalmomi ba diphthong ba ne, kuma wannan ana nuna shi ta hanyar apostrophe tsakanin wasula biyu:  .

## Harshen harshe

### Wakilan mutum
Tindal Dusun  yana da tsarin mayar da hankali na Philippine wanda ke sanya kalma ɗaya a cikin jumla mafi shahara. Wannan sanannen, kalmar da aka mayar da hankali ba ta buƙatar zama batun ko wakilin sashi. A cikin sassan da ke da sunaye, yanayin magana da kuma sunaye dukansu suna nuna mayar da hankali. Idan aikatau yana ɗauke da yanayin mai ba da labari, mai ba da labarin zai zama wakilin mai suna (ko, da wuya, wakilin mai mahimmanci). Duk wani kalma mai suna a cikin sashi zai ɗauki sunaye daga wani tsari daban, kamar yadda kalma ɗaya kawai za ta iya mayar da hankali a kowane sashi da aka ba shi.

"Ana amfani da sunayen "mai mahimmanci" shi kaɗai ko kuma a matsayin amsoshi ko don jaddada wakilin. 

#### Examples
  
Don samar da lambobi kamar hamsin ko sittin, ana haɗa mai yawa tare da rukunin matsayi (goma, daruruwan, dubban da dai sauransu), ta amfani da a'a.

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje
Harshen Kuijau

**Kuijau** (Kuiyow), wanda aka fi sani da Hill Dusun, yare ne na Austronesian na Sabah, Malaysia .

## Manazarta
Harshen Liki

**Liki**, wanda aka fi sani da **Moar**, kusan Harshen Austronesian ne wanda aka kusan kashe wanda ake magana a tsibirin da ke bakin teku na lardin Indonesia_province)", Indonesia.

## Dubi kuma
Harsunan Sarmi don kwatanta da harsuna masu alaƙa

## Manazarta
Yaren Sembakung

**Sembakung Murut**, ko **Sembakung**, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Tinggalan, ɗaya ne daga cikin harsunan/yarukan Sabahan da dama na Borneo waɗanda mutanen Tidong ke magana dashi.

## Manazarta
Harsunan Yammacin Malay-Polynesian

**Harsunan Yammacin Malayo-Polynesia (WMP)**, wanda kuma aka sani da **harsunan Hesperonesian**, ruƙuni ne na ɓangarori na harsunan Australiya waɗanda suka haɗa da waɗannan harsunan Malayo-Polynesian waɗanda ba na reshe na Tsakiya–Gabas Malayo-Polynesian (CEMP). Wannan ya haɗa da duk harsunan Austronesia da ake magana da su a ƙasar Madagascar, Mainland kudu maso gabashin Asiya, Philippines, Greater Sunda Islands (ciki har da ƙananan tsibiran makwabta), Bali, Lombok, rabin yammacin Sumbawa, Palau da tsibirin Mariana.

Western Malayo-Polynesian Robert Blust ne ya gabatar da shi a matsayin reshen 'yar'uwa a cikin haɗin gwiwar Malayo-Polynesia zuwa reshen CEMP.  Saboda babu wasu fasaloli da ke ayyana harsunan WMP da kyau a matsayin rukuni, rarrabuwa na baya-bayan nan sun yi watsi da shi.

## Manazarta
Cynthia Coffman (ɗan siyasa)

**Cynthia Honssinger Coffman** (an haife ta a watan Agusta 26, 1961) lauyan Amurka ce kuma ɗan siyasa daga jihar Colorado . 'Yar Republican, an zabe ta Babban Mai Shari'a na Colorado a 2014, tana yin wa'adi guda daga 2015 zuwa 2019.

Coffman bai yi nasara ba ya nemi takarar Republican don gwamnan Colorado a 2018 .   

## Rayuwar farko da aiki
Coffman ta sauke karatu daga Jami'ar Missouri kuma ta sami digiri na JD daga Kwalejin Shari'a na Jami'ar Jihar Georgia . Ta fara aiki a ofishin Babban Lauyan Jojiya a 1993. A cikin 1996, ta zama lauya don wasannin Olympics na bazara na 1996, wanda aka gudanar a Atlanta . Bayan harin bam da aka yi a filin shakatawa na Centennial, Coffman ya kasance mai haɗin gwiwa ga iyalan waɗanda abin ya shafa. 

Coffman ya koma Colorado a 1997 kuma ya yi aiki ga majalisar dokoki ta Majalisar Dokokin Colorado .  Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ta doka don Sashen Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a da Muhalli na Colorado daga 1999 zuwa 2004. Sannan ta yi aiki a matsayin lauyan lauya ga Bill Owens, gwamnan Colorado, daga 2004 zuwa 2005 kuma a matsayin babban mataimakin babban lauya a karkashin John Suthers, Babban Lauyan Colorado, daga 2004 zuwa 2014.  A cikin 2012, *Makon Shari'a na Colorado* sun nada Coffman su Mafi kyawun Lauyan Jama'a. 

## Attorney Janar na Colorado
A cikin 2014, Coffman ta yi takara a zaben Attorney Janar na Colorado . Ta fuskanci Mark Waller don takarar jam'iyyar Republican . Ta sami amincewar Suthers.  Bayan samun yawancin goyon baya daga wakilan Colorado,  Waller ya janye daga tseren.   Ta sami tallafin kuɗi daga Babban Lauyan Republican na Colorado PAC.  Coffman ya doke dan takarar Democrat Don Quick 54% -40% a babban zaben. 

A matsayinsa na babban lauya, Coffman ya sanya hannu kan Colorado a kan karar da ta nemi sake dawo da Shirin Tsabtace Wutar. Coffman ya kuma jagoranci karar jihar a kan Boulder County kan dakatarwar hakowa ta wannan gundumar.

A cikin shekarar 2018, maimakon neman sake zaɓe a matsayin Attorney Janar, Coffman ya zaɓi ya tsaya takarar gwamnan Colorado . Ta kasa lashe zaben fitar da gwani na Republican kuma an gaje ta a matsayin babban lauya ta Democrat Phil Weiser, wanda ya doke dan Republican George Brauchler a kan mukamin. Wa'adin Coffman ya ƙare a ranar 9 ga Janairu, 2019.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
A cikin 2005, ta yi aurenta na biyu da Mike Coffman, wanda ya wakilci Colorado's 6th congressional district a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka . Ma'auratan sun sake aure a watan Yuni 2017.

## Tarihin zabe

## Duba kuma

* Jerin sunayen manyan lauyoyin mata na jihohi a Amurka

## Manazarta
Harshen Likum

**Harshen Likum** yare ne na Yammacin Manus wanda kusan mutane 80 ke magana a yammacin Tsibirin Manus, Lardin Manus na Papua New Guinea . Masu magana da shi kuma suna amfani da Nyindrou. Likum an rarraba shi a matsayin "wanda ke cikin haɗari" ta hanyar Atlas na Harsunan Duniya da ke cikin Haɗari UNESCO.[1] Yana da tsari na SVO.

## Manazarta
Yaren Nasal

**Nasal** (  ) harshen/yaren Austronesiya ne na kudu maso yammacin Sumatra.

## Rarraba
Anderbeck & Aprilani (2013) sun ɗauki Nasal a matsayin keɓewa a cikin reshen Malayo-Polynesian.

Smith (2017), ko da yake, ya haɗa da yaren a cikin rukunin rukunin "Sumatran", tare da sauran harsunan tsibirin Batak–Barrier.  Billings & McDonnell (2022) ya gabatar da ƙarin shaida don Nasal azaman harshen Sumatran. 

## Tarihi
Ana magana da yaren Nasal a yankin Kogin Nasal na Kaur Regency, Lardin Bengkulu, Sumatra, a cikin ƙauyukan Tanjung Betuah, Gedung Menung (dukansu a gundumar Muara Nasal), da Tanjung Baru (a gundumar Maje). Akwai kalmomin lamuni da yawa daga Lampung.  Harsunan da ake magana a kusa da yankin Nasal sun haɗa da yaren Krui na Lampung da harsunan Malayic Kaur, Bengkulu, Serawai da Semenda (Anderbeck & Aprilani 2013: 3). An bai wa harshen madaidaicin ƙimar EGIDS na 6a (Ƙarfi), kodayake wannan ya dogara ne akan binciken ilimin zamantakewa na farko, kuma har yanzu ba a tantance ƙarfin harshen ba. 

## Manazarta
Harshen Loun

Harshen Loun wani yaren Austronesian ne wanda ya ƙare wanda aka taɓa magana a Indonesia, galibi a cikin tsibirin Maluku .

## Manazarta
Harshen Lotud

**Lotud**, wanda aka fi sani da **Dusun Lotud**, yare ne mai canzawa na Austronesian na Sabah, Malaysia .

## Manazarta
Jennifer Arndt

Jennifer James "Jeni" Arndt yar siyasan Amurka ce wacce ke aiki a matsayin magajin garin Fort Collins, Colorado. Ta fara aiki a ranar 27 ga watan Afrilu, ne a shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da daya 2021.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Wani ɗan ƙasar Fort Collins, Colorado, Arndt ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Poudre. Ta sami digiri na farko na Arts a fannin ilimin zamantakewa daga Kwalejin Colorado, Jagorar Arts a Geography daga Jami'ar Colorado Boulder, Jagorar Kimiyya a Ilimi na musamman daga Jami'ar Purdue, Jagoran Gudanar da Kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Colorado Boulder, da PhD a cikin manhaja da koyarwa daga Jami'ar Purdue.  

## Sana'a
Arndt tsohuwar memba ce ta Majalisar Wakilai ta Colorado daga Gundumar 53rd, tana aiki daga Janairu 7, 2015, har sai ta yi murabus a ranar 16 ga Afrilu, 2021. Ta kasance memba na Democratic Party.   

A ranar 30 ga Disamba, 2020, Arndt ta sanar da cewa za ta tsaya takarar magajin garin Fort Collins, Colorado a zaben 6 ga Afrilu, 2021.  Arndt ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke abokan hamayyarsa biyu, ya kuma lashe kusan kashi 63% na kuri'un da aka kada. Ta fara aiki a ranar 27 ga Afrilu, 2021.  A ranar 29 ga Yuni, 2023, Magajin Garin Arndt yana da alaƙa da Jam'iyyar Gaba.  A ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, 2023, ta yi nasarar sake zaɓe a Fort Collins. 

## Manazarta
Elizabeth B. Andrews

Leslie Elizabeth Bullock Andrews (an haife ta a ranar 12 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1911 – Disamba 2, 2002) ita ce mace ta farko da ta wakilci Alabama a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka . Ita ce matar dan majalisa George William Andrews, kuma an zabe shi a kujerarsa bayan mutuwarsa.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Leslie Elizabeth Bullock a Geneva, Alabama, ga Charles Gillespie Bullock da Janie Aycock,  Andrews ya halarci makarantun jama'a na Geneva. Ta sami BS a fannin tattalin arziki na gida daga Kwalejin Montevallo (yanzu Jami'ar Montevallo ), Montevallo, Alabama, a cikin 1932.  Ta ci gaba da zama malamin makarantar sakandare a Livingston, Alabama.  Daga baya ta dauki aikin koyarwa a Union Springs don samun mafi kyawun albashi yayin Damuwa. A nan ne ta hadu da mijinta, George William Andrews.  Sun yi aure a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, 1936, kuma sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu, Jane da George, Jr. Auren ya dade fiye da shekaru 35 har mutuwarsa ta rikitarwa daga tiyatar zuciya a ranar 25 ga Disamba, 1971. 

## Sana'a
Lokacin da mijinta ya fara tsayawa takara na 78th Congress, ta kasance da hannu sosai a yakin neman zabensa. An sake zaɓe shi zuwa 14 masu cin nasara Congresses kuma ma'auratan sun koma Washington, DC, inda Andrews ya shiga cikin Ƙungiyar Majalisa kuma ya zama mataimakin shugaban kasa a 1971. 

Bayan mutuwar mijinta a shekara ta 1971, Lera Thomas da sauran abokai sun ƙarfafa ta sosai don ta yi takara a ofishin George domin ta ci gaba da ci gaba da gadonsa. Andrews ta sanar da takararta a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1972, kuma ta sami amincewar Gwamnan Alabama George Wallace .   Ta yi takara ba tare da hamayya ba, an zabe ta a matsayin ‘yar jam’iyyar Democrat ta hanyar zabe na musamman a majalisar wakilai ta casa’in da biyu domin cike gurbin da mutuwar mijinta, wakilin Amurka George W. Andrews ya yi.   Ta yi hidimar ragowar waccan Majalisar daga Afrilu 4, 1972, zuwa Janairu 3, 1973.  Ba ta kasance 'yar takara don sake zaɓen zuwa Majalisa ta Tasa'in da Uku ba a 1972. Ta kasance mace daya tilo da aka zaba don wakiltar Alabama a kowace Majalisar Wakilai har zuwa zaben Wakilai Martha Roby da Terri Sewell a 2010. 

A lokacin wa'adinta a Majalisa ta 92, ta kasance a kwamitin gidan waya da sabis na jama'a inda ta gabatar da gyare-gyare don kare fa'idodin kiwon lafiya da Tsaro . Ta kuma yi aiki don nemo kudade ga cibiyoyin bincike na Birmingham da ke binciken ciwon daji da cututtukan zuciya. Ta goyi bayan shirin gwamnatin Nixon na janye sojojin Amurka daga Vietnam .  Andrews ya kuma yi aiki don ɗaukar nauyin doka don ayyana Jami'ar Tuskegee a matsayin Cibiyar Tarihi ta Ƙasa . 

Ta bar Majalisa a cikin Janairu 1973 kuma ta koma Union Springs inda ta kasance mai aiki a cikin al'amuran jama'a. 

## Mutuwa
Andrews ya mutu a ranar 2 ga Disamba, 2002, yana da shekaru 91 a Birmingham, Alabama . An haɗa ta a Oak Hill Cemetery, Union Springs, Alabama . 

## Duba kuma

* Mata a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka

## Manazarta
Harshen Lovono

Lovono (Vano, Alavano, Alavana) yare ne da ke kusa da lalacewa na tsibirin Vanikoro a lardin gabashin Tsibirin Solomon . Ya zuwa shekara ta 2012, masu magana hudu ne kawai ke magana da shi; [1] an maye gurbinsa da harshen tsibirin, Teanu.

## Sunan

Sunan harshe yana nufin wani ƙauye na dā a arewa maso yammacin tsibirin Banie .  A cikin yaren Lovono, wanda ya kasance mafi rinjaye a wannan yanki, ana kiran ƙauyen *Alavana*. A cikin Teanu, wanda yanzu shine kawai yaren da jama'ar zamani ke magana, ana kiran wannan ƙauyen *Lovono*. Wannan Canjin harshe yana nunawa a cikin sha'awar mutane don amfani da nau'in Teanu (watau **Lovono**) duka don sunan ƙauyen da kuma tsohuwar yaren da aka haɗa da shi.

Wannan ƙauyen - kuma saboda haka yaren - an kuma rubuta shi *Whanou* ko Vano a cikin wallafe-wallafen kimiyya, mai yiwuwa yana nuna tsohuwar furcin kalmar.

## Harshen
Wasu bayanai game da harsunan Vanikoro, gami da Lovono, ana iya samun su a cikin François (2009) don ƙamus, da François (2021) don ƙamus.

## Manazarta
Harshen Magori

Magori kusan harshen Austronesian ne na Papua New Guinea wanda aka sake fasalinsa sosai ta hanyar hulɗa da makwabtaccen yarukan Papuan, watakila Mailu, wanda mutanen Magori ke magana sosai a yau. Sake fasalin ya kasance mai yawa sosai har dangin Magori sun daɗe suna cikin shakku; Dutton ne ya kafa shi a ƙarshe a shekara ta 1976. [1] Magi kuma sun aro adadi mai yawa na kalmomin Austronesian, ko dai daga Magori ko danginsa na Oumic.

## Dubi kuma

* Harshen Maisin, irin wannan lamari

## Manazarta