Julius Kaisar (buɗewa)

***Julius Kaisar*** overture, Op. 128, wani wasan kwaikwayo ne na kide-kide wanda Robert Schumann ya rubuta a 1851, wanda wasan kwaikwayon Shakespeare *[[Julius Kaisar (wasan kwaikwayo)|Julius Kaisar]]* ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi kuma ya rinjayi *Egmont* da Coriolan overtures na Ludwig van Beethoven .

## Tarihi
*Julius Kaisar* yawanci ana danganta shi da wasu waƙoƙin kide-kide guda biyu na Schumann da aka rubuta game da wannan lokacin, wanda kuma ya samo asali ne daga manyan wallafe-wallafen: The *Bride na Messina*, Op. 100 (dangane da wasan kwaikwayo na Shiller) da Hermann und Dorothea, Op. 136 (dangane ne da waka ta Goethe). Shekarar 1851 ta kasance mai aiki sosai ga Schumann: ba wai kawai ya kammala waɗannan waƙoƙi guda uku ba, ya kuma rubuta Piano Trio No. 3, sautin violin na 1 da na 2, ɗakin oratorio, lieder, ayyukan mawaƙa da ƙungiyar mawaƙa, da kuma ayyukan piano solo; kuma ya sake fasalin Symphony No. 4. 

## Rubuce-rubuce
*Julius Kaisar* overture yana cikin maɓallin F minor kuma an zira kwallaye don piccolo, flauta, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 ƙaho, 2 ƙaho, 3 trombones, timpani da igiyoyi. Sau da yawa an lura da yanayin duhu, mai ban tsoro na gabatarwa: Aikin duhu, wanda ke cike da ruhun bala'i mai girma daga farko zuwa ƙarshe;  gabatarwa mai ban sha'awa ga wasan Shakespeare, cike da zalunci, ya bunƙasa kuma yana nuna wasu barazanar tashin hankali wanda ba ya bayyana kansa sosai. 

## Tasiri
Ba a yi niyyar nuna mutumin tarihi na Julius Kaisar ba, amma wasan kwaikwayon William Shakespeare ne ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi.[undefined] A cikin zane-zanensa na aikin, a ƙarƙashin sanduna a shafi na farko Schumann ya rubuta abin da ya yi la'akari da "maɓallin makirci" na wasan: "Caesar / Life in Rome. Brutus. / Conspiracy. Calpurnia. The Ides. Mutuwa. Philippi. / Octavian's fansa. Nasara a kan Brutus".[1]

Har ila yau, ya samo wahayi daga gabatarwa guda biyu na Ludwig van Beethoven: wannan ga waƙarsa ta musamman ga *Egmont*, wanda yake da maɓallin F ƙarami, "Tsarin sonata mara kyau", da kuma coda a cikin babban maɓallin;  kuma zuwa ƙarami gabatarwa na kide-kide Coriolan. 

## Halitta
Schumann ya fara rubuta kiɗa a tsakiyar watan Janairun 1851. Matarsa Clara ta lura a cikin rubutunta a ranar 17 ga watan Janairu cewa yanzu yana aiki a kan gabatarwa. Ya rubuta cikakken ci tsakanin 27 ga Janairu da 2 ga Fabrairu, ya kammala shi kawai 'yan kwanaki kafin ya gudanar da gabatarwa na Symphony na uku, "Rhenish" (6 ga Fabrairun). &nbsp;

## Ayyuka na farko da lafiyar Schumann
An fara aikin ne a ranar 3 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1852 a Düsseldorf . A farkon wannan shekarar ya tuntubi Dokta Wolfgang Müller game da cututtukan jikinsa. Müller ya kuma kasance darektan kungiyar kiɗa ta Düsseldorf, wanda Schumann ya kasance Daraktan kiɗa kuma babban darektan, kuma ya shawarce shi da ya yi kasa gudanarwa kuma ya ba da wasu ayyukan ga mataimakinsa Julius Tausch. A ranar 8 ga watan Yulin Schumann ya fara jerin wanka mai sanyi 18 a cikin Rhine a karkashin umarnin Müller. Wannan ya haifar da ingantaccen yanayin sa. A ranar 30 ga watan Yulin, ba tare da shawarar Müller ba, ya halarci maimaitawar farko na *Julius Kaisar* a karkashin Tausch, amma ya yi fushi kuma ya ɗauki nauyin gudanar da aikin da kansa. A kide-kide a ranar 3 ga watan Agusta, kuma ba tare da gargadi ba, ya ɗauki umurnin kansa na ƙungiyar mawaƙa kuma ya gudanar da aikin farko da kansa; ya kuma ci gaba da gudanar da "ba tare da wata matsala ba" ta Beethoven wanda Tausch ya maimaita amma Schumann bai yi ba. *Julius Kaisar* Overture ya samar da wani tasiri mai ban sha'awa a kan masu sauraro. Sakamakon Schumann ya kasance gajiya, kuma Müller ya ba da shawarar cewa ya sami ƙarin magani mai tsanani, kuma ya tura shi don wanka a teku a Scheveningen, Netherlands. Wannan shine farkon hauka wanda ya nuna shekarunsa na ƙarshe.&nbsp;

## Mai yiwuwa cryptogram
An san Schumann da sha'awar ƙididdigar kiɗa, wanda aka fi nunawa a cikin ɗakin piano *Carnival*, Op. 9. Eric Sams ya nuna cewa akwai wasu alamomi da yawa a cikin ayyukan Schumann, gami da ƙididdigar "C-A-E-S-A-R" a cikin ƙididdigaren buɗewa na *Julius Kaisar*.

## Manazarta