Margaret Irwin (mai haɗin gwiwar kwadago)

**Margaret Hardinge Irwin** CBE FRSA (13 Janairu 1858 - 1940) ɗan Scotland ne mai ra'ayin mazan jiya kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ma'aikata wanda ya riƙe muhimman mukamai a cikin ƙungiyar ma'aikata .

## Ƙungiyoyin fafutuka

### Ƙungiyar ƙwadago
A shekara ta 1891, Irwin ta zama sakataren tsare-tsare na Scotland na ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin mata da kuma samar da kayayyaki (WPL).  Ta yi fafutukar kafa ƙungiyar 'yan kasuwa ta Scotland (STUC) kuma, lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri ta a shekara ta 1897, an zaɓe ta a matsayin sakatariyarta ta farko.  Ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatariya a cikin shekaru uku na farko (1897-1900).  Lokacin da ƙungiyar STUC ta yanke shawarar hana majalisun kasuwanci shiga ƙungiyar,  Irwin ta yanke shawarar kada ta sake tsayawa takara kuma ta zama sakatariyar ƙungiyar 'yan kasuwa ta Scotland (SCWT). Sau da yawa tana aiki a matsayin wakilin SCWT zuwa ƙungiyar STUC a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa. 

### Mata suna aiki a gida
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da Irwin ke sha'awa shi ne yanayin da mata ke aiki a gida. An gano cewa yanayin tattalin arzikin waɗannan ma'aikata yana da matuƙar wahala kamar yadda zai iya kasancewa. &#x5B; ** &#x5D; Akwai lokutan da ake samun damar samun rayuwa mai kyau, amma gabaɗaya albashin bai yi yawa ba, kuma lokutan aiki sun yi tsayi sosai. 

A shekara ta 1892, an naɗa Irwin a cikin Hukumar Kwadago ta Royal Commission of Labour a matsayin Mataimakiyar Kwamishina.  Ta rubuta cikakken rahoto game da yanayin da mata ke fama da shi a fannin wanki, dinki da sana'o'in gumi .  A cikin wani rahoto, misali, ta bayyana wata uwa 'ya'ya bakwai wadda ita ce babbar mai biyan bukatun iyalinta, tana aiki a matsayin mai gyaran wando. Duk gidan mutane 11, ciki har da maza biyu masu masauki, suna zaune a ɗakuna biyu kacal.  Irwin ta kuma yi musayar wasiƙu a tarurrukan bita da aka yi da gumi tare da Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Mata ta Ƙasa (NUWW). 

Majalisar Cinikin Mata ta Glasgow (wani lokaci Majalisar Cinikin Mata ta Scotland) a ƙarƙashin shugabancinta, ta kuma gabatar da laccoci kan ɗabi'ar siyayya. Taron, wanda Watson Reid ya jagoranta, ya ji cewa "babu wani abu kamar ciniki, domin idan aka samar da wani abu ƙasa da farashin da ake da shi a yanzu, dole ne wani ya biya shi. Maganin wannan gumi da rashin biyan kuɗi shi ne mu'amala ta musamman da shaguna inda yanayi mai kyau ya kasance da kuma kauracewa duk wani shago inda ba a sami waɗannan ba" [1] Majalisar ta kuma yi aiki tare da ɗan siyasan Jam'iyyar Conservative John McAusland Denny don gabatar da kudirin "tanada kujerun da ake buƙata a bayan kanti ga mataimakan mata a shaguna" wanda ya zama Dokar Kujerun Mataimakan Shago ta 1899. [2]

### Zaɓen 'yan mata
Bukatar farko da Irwin ya gabatar wa STUC a shekarar 1897 ta shafi batun zaɓen mata.  An gabatar da buƙatar da ƙuri'a 57 zuwa 18.  A shekarar 1902, Irwin ta kasance memba ta sake kafa jam'iyyar, tare da Marion Gilchrist da Janie Allen,   da kuma sakatariyar ƙungiyar Glasgow da Yammacin Scotland don Kaɗa ƙuri'a (GWSAWS). Yawancin mata da suka shiga cikin sake kafa ƙungiyar suma suna cikin Majalisar Glasgow don Cinikin Mata. 

GWSAWS ta zaɓi Irwin don halartar Babban Taron Ƙasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama na Mata, wanda aka gudanar a Landan a ranakun 16 da 17 ga Oktoba 1903. Irwin ta yi murabus daga ƙungiyar a shekarar 1907, don shiga ƙungiyar zamantakewa da siyasa ta mata (WSPU) mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata.  Ta kuma yi jawabi ga sabuwar reshen Hillhead na ƙungiyar 'Yancin Mata a shekarar 1908. 

## Manazarta