Samuel Cleland Davidson

**''

**'Sir Samuel Cleland Davidson*', [[Order of the British Empire|KBE]] (18 ga Nuwamba 1846 - 18 ga Agusta 1921) ya kasance mai kirkiro da injiniya na Burtaniya. Ta hanyar aikinsa a kasuwancin shigo da shayi ya kirkiro kuma ya ba da izini ga injunan masana'antu da yawa kuma ya haɓaka tsarin [[Yanayin iska|sanyaya iska]] na farko. Ya kafa Sirocco Works a Belfast a 1881.

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Davidson a County Down a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba 1846, ƙarami ne na dangin Ulster Scots. Ya yi karatu a Royal Belfast Academical Institution ("Inst") kuma ya bar yana da shekaru 15 don yin aiki a kamfanin injiniyan farar hula na Belfast, William Hastings .  Yayinda yake matashi ya sami gogewa a matsayin ɗan koyo ga mai binciken ƙasa a Belfast, kuma ya ziyarci ma'aikatar flax ta kawunsa John Davidson a Drumaness, mai yiwuwa na farko a Ulster don a sanye shi da injin wutar lantarki. Ya kuma saba da tsarin gwaji na John ta amfani da hanyoyin kimiyya don kara yawan amfanin gona a cikin noma flax don masana'antar lilin. Wadannan abubuwan da suka faru na farko sun ba Sam godiya ta rayuwa don ilmantarwa ta hanyar kwarewar hannu, da kirkire-kirkire a aikin gona da injiniya.

== Ayyuka ==
A shekara ta 1864 Davidson ya bar aikinsa ya yi aiki ga mahaifinsa, James Davidson wanda ke da ma'adinin gari kusa da shafin da Sirocco ya yi daga baya. Gwamnatin Indiya ta gano shayi na daji da ke girma a yankin Assam kuma ta ƙaddara ta fara babban aikin shuka shayi a can tare da yiwuwar samar da babbar arziki ga Daular Burtaniya yayin da ta karfafa ikonta a kan tattalin arzikin Indiya. Hanyar samun masana'antar shayi ta kanta kuma ta zama ƙasa da dogaro da shigo da abin sha da Daular ta fi so daga China yana da mahimmanci don yin watsi da shi. Da farko gwamnati ta biya kuma ta shirya share gandun daji da dasa da kuma gudanar da 'gidan lambu' na shayi, kamar yadda ake kiran manyan shuke-shuke. Da zarar an kafa su an sayar da su ga masu saka hannun jari masu zaman kansu don karfafawa da faɗaɗa, da haɓaka masana'antar kasuwanci.

Mahaifin Samuel da kawunsa sun kafa kasuwanci da ke shigo da shayi kuma sun sayi rabon a cikin gidan shayi a Cachar, kilomita 300 a arewa maso gabashin [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] a Indiya. Dan uwan Samuel James ya tafi Indiya don gudanar da dukiyar da kansa kuma daga baya ya gayyaci Samuel mai shekaru 17 da wasu samari na yankin su bi shi.

Samuel Davidson da sauri ya sami suna a matsayin mai aiki tuƙuru, amintacce kuma mai cin nasara. Ya yi amfani da ilimin aikin gona da injiniya don inganta amfanin gona sosai, da kuma fara sarrafa kowane mataki na tsarin archaic da aiki mai zurfi da ke tattare da juyawa ganyen shayi zuwa samfurin da za a iya siyarwa na inganci. A matsayinsa na mutumin da bai bi ilimi mafi girma a gida ba, sababbin abubuwan da Samuel ya samo asali ne ta hanyar gwaji mai ɗorewa, kuma nasarorin da ya samu a wasu lokuta sun saba wa tunanin injiniyoyi a lokacin. Ba tare da sanin cewa abin da yake ƙoƙarin cimma tare da magoya bayan centrifugal ba ya yiwuwa ga wasu injiniyoyin injiniya masu ilimi ya zama babban albarka. Lokacin da daga baya ya yi tafiya zuwa Amurka don tabbatar wa hukumomin da ke da shakku cewa ƙirar sa ta yi aiki da gaske ya ce "An ounce of fact is worth a ton of theory. " ('The Sirocco Story: Birth and growth of an industry' by Edward Maguire 1958)

Ya sayar da dukiyar a Indiya a 1874 kuma ya koma Ireland inda ya fara kera injunan shayi tare da Combe, Barbour da Coombe na Belfast. Bayan shekara guda na kera nau'ikan farko na injin shayi a Belfast, Samuel ya koma Indiya a 1878 kuma ya zagaya manyan cibiyoyin samar da shayi tare da masana'antar shayi mai ɗaukar hoto wanda ya kafa a kowane wuri mai nisa don nuna wa masu shuka abin da kayayyakin sa zasu iya cimma. Umurnin ya fara ambaliya kuma injunansa sun zama misali ga dukan masana'antar a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Kwarewarsa a kowane bangare na masana'antar an girmama shi sosai har kamfanonin shayi suka biya shi don ciyar da lokaci a kowane yanki ya dauki masana'antarsa don yin kimantawa game da dukiyar yankin da shawarwari game da yadda za su iya inganta yawan amfanin su. Ya kuma biya kudin tafiyar ta hanyar sayar da daruruwan wani abin da ya kirkira - mai sauƙi wanda masu shuka ke so. A shekara ta 1881 ya fara aikin masana'anta a Belfast. 

Nasarar da ya samu na amfani da murhun don motsa iska mai zafi ya kai shi ga bunkasa tsarin dumama don amfani da shi a cikin yanayin mutane, kuma a ƙarshen shekarun 1880s murhun Sirocco yana cikin amfani a makarantu, dakunan coci da ɗakunan aiki. Ya ci gaba da kirkirarsa tare da gabatarwar a cikin 1898 na fan na gaba, wanda ya fi karfi fiye da ƙirar fan na al'ada. Wannan sabon abu, wanda aka tsara don bushe shayi, ya samo asali ne a cikin tsarin sanyaya iska na farko. Ƙarfin motsi na iska mai zafi a cikin ɗaki tare da ɗaya daga cikin magoya bayansa na centrifugal ya jagoranci ɗaya daga cikin abokan aikin Davidson ya ce ya tunatar da shi *Sirocco'', iska mai zafi da ke busawa a fadin hamadar Arewacin Afirka, kuma Davidson ya ɗauki Sirocco a matsayin sunan alama, yana amfani da shi ga samfuransa da kuma masana'antar Belfast, Sirocco Engineering Works.

## manazarta