Gine-gine na Yarbawa

**Tsarin gine-ginen Yarbawa** ya bayyana salon gine-ginen mutanen Yarbawa na Yammacin Afirka, tun daga kusan karni na 8.   kuma ya daɗe har zuwa da kuma bayan lokacin mulkin mallaka tun daga ƙarni na 19 AD.

Gidajen da aka saba amfani da su sun ƙunshi gine-gine masu ɗakuna ɗaya marasa tagogi masu kusurwa huɗu waɗanda aka shirya a kusa da farfajiyar tsakiya da aka kewaye da baranda.   Salon gini ya yi kama da na Ashanti, gami da ginin ƙasa, itace, man dabino  da bambaro da aka ƙarfafa da tsarin katako kuma aka rufe su da ganyen ciyawa da itace, ko kuma daga baya aluminum da ƙarfe mai rufi .

Yawancin matsugunan Yarbawa na zamanin da/kafin mulkin mallaka suna kewaye da ganuwar laka mai kariya.   Eredo na Sungbo, jerin irin waɗannan katanga da aka sanye da gidajen tsaro da ramuka, an ɗauke shi a matsayin mafi girman abin tunawa kafin mulkin mallaka a Afirka, wanda ya fi girma fiye da Dala na Khufu a Masar ko Babban Zimbabwe .   

Bayan mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya, gine-ginen da ke Legas musamman sun sami tasiri daga gine-ginen Brazil, wanda Agudas ya kawo, wanda ya gabatar da abubuwa kamar gini, stucco, tagogi da ƙofofi masu baka, kuma ya ƙara shahara ga gine-ginen hawa da yawa .

## Tarihi

### Salo kafin mulkin mallaka

Yarabawa kafin mulkin mallaka galibi suna zaune ne a cikin rukunin birane masu kama da zobe. Iyalai suna zaune ne a cikin gine-gine masu murabba'i waɗanda aka gina don rufe farfajiyar da aka buɗe, kuma gidajen sarakunan sarakuna galibi suna da yankin kasuwa mai buɗewa wanda ya zama tsakiyar gari.  An kiyaye nau'ikan tsarin mulki a cikin garuruwan Yarbawa da yawa, inda sarakunan sarakuna ko wani mai mulki ke alfahari da mafi girman fili da mafi yawan farfajiya. Gidajen sarakunan unguwannin birnin suna bin girma da sarari, waɗanda galibi ana yin su da farfajiyar tsakiya fiye da ɗaya. Girman gidajen dattawan gari na iyalai na gida sun biyo baya. 

Ana iya ganin siffofin gine-ginen gargajiya na Yarabawa a matsayin murabba'ai ko da'irai marasa zurfi, kuma ana iya kallon gine-gine a matsayin mahaɗan da suka ƙunshi ƙananan sassa daban-daban waɗanda aka shirya a cikin siffofi huɗu da ke kewaye da farfajiyar buɗe. Wurin buɗe ya yi aiki a matsayin wurin hulɗa da jama'a ga mazauna kuma an yi amfani da shi don girki da yin sana'a.  An ƙera wuraren buɗe ko farfajiyar da gangan don su fi girma fiye da sararin ciki don ƙarfafa sadarwa tsakanin 'yan uwa. A gefe guda kuma, wuraren da aka rufe waɗanda aka yi ƙanana da duhu galibi ana amfani da su don barci.  Babban kayan gini don gina ganuwar gida an yi shi ne da laka, wanda aka samo daga ƙasa mai laterite . An gina gidajen Yarabawa ba tare da tagogi ba.  Kayan rufin sun shafi yanayin muhalli. A yankunan da ke kusa da gabar tekun Atlantika, ana yawan amfani da ganyen dabino na raffia don rufin gida, yayin da a yankunan arewa, ana maye gurbin itace da itacen dabino. 

Fada da gidajen sarakuna suna da farfajiya mai faɗi. Zane-zanen dabbobi da ginshiƙai da aka sassaka sun ƙawata fadoji da kuma gidaje, waɗanda kuma suka zama wuraren ibada na musamman don keɓewa ga Orishas .  Lambuna sun shahara a fannin fasaha da gine-ginen Yarabawa. Fadarorin Yarabawa galibi sun haɗa da lambuna. Misali, a fadar Olowo, akwai nau'ikan lambuna daban-daban, kama daga gona, haikali, wurin ibada, wurin girki, da lambunan ganye. Haka kuma ana amfani da Impliviums a cikin mahallin Yarabawa don tattara ruwan sama. 

## Hotuna

### Wajen gini

Fayil:Vue_de_la_place_du_roi_dans_la_cour_du_peuple_du_Musée_Honmè.jpg|alt=Old palace of porto Novo built in the Yoruba style featuring a central courtyard which also serves as an impluvium.| Tsohon fadar Porto Novo an gina ta a salon Yarbawa wanda ke da farfajiyar tsakiya wadda kuma ke aiki a matsayin abin hawa .
Fayil:La_cour_du_Musée_Honmè_à_Porto_Novo.jpg|alt=Central courtyard of the Yoruba styled old royal palace (Aafin Oba) of the rulers of Porto Novo featuring an Egungun and a post to Ogun| Tsakiyar tsakar gida na Yarbawa salon tsohon gidan sarauta (Aafin Oba) na sarakunan Porto Novo featuring an Egungun and a post to Ogun
Fayil:Vue_de_l’extérieur_du_Musée_Honmè.jpg|alt=View of a part of the exterior walls of the old Porto Novo (Ajaṣe, Hogbonu) palace.| Duba wani ɓangare na bangon waje na tsohon gidan sarauta na Porto Novo (Ajaṣe, Hogbonu).


### Ginshiƙai, ginshiƙai, bangarori da kuma katakai

Fayil:Carved_planks_and_beams_from_Yoruba_Temples.jpg|alt=Carved planks and beams obtained from Yoruba Temples.| An sassaka alluna da katako da aka samo daga Dakunan Yarabawa.
Fayil:Veranda_posts_at_the_royal_palace_of_Ikere_Ekiti.jpg|alt=Veranda entrance posts (Opo Ogoga) depicting a royal horseman, a woman with twin daughters from Ikere-Ekiti.| Maƙallan shiga baranda (Opo Ogoga) wanda ke nuna wani mai doki na sarauta, wata mace mai 'ya'ya mata tagwaye daga Ikere-Ekiti .

Fayil:Palace_door_and_lintel-Yoruba_(British_Museum).jpg|alt=Palace door wooden panel from Ikere| Allon katako na ƙofar fada daga Ikere
Fayil:Traditional_pillars_from_the_interior_of_a_building_in_Ode_Ondo,_capital_of_the_Ondo_kingdom.jpg|alt=The interior of a building in Ode Ondo, capital of the Ondo Kingdom.| Cikin ginin da ke Ode Ondo, babban birnin masarautar Ondo .
Fayil:Oyo_pillar_15th_century.jpg|alt=Brass supporting pillars from the Old Oyo royal palace, 2 meters in height.| Ginshiƙai masu tallafi na tagulla daga tsohuwar fadar sarauta ta Oyo, tsayin mita 2.


## Farfaɗowar Yarabawa ko Tsarin Gine-gine na Yarabawa na Neo
An samu farfaɗowa a wasu salon gini na Yarabawa a Yammacin Afirka, da kuma a Amurka.

### Salo na Brazil

Bayan mamayar Birtaniya a Lagos, garin ya zama birni mai yawan jama'a daban-daban. Wannan al'umma ta ƙunshi mazaunan asali na *Isale Eko* ( Tsibirin Lagos  Yarabawa da suka dawo daga Brazil, Trinidad da Cuba, waɗanda suka ketare Tekun Atlantika sau biyu, ' yan kasuwa na Turai da ' yan mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya, da kuma Creoles na  nau'i ... Wani ɗan ƙasar Sardinia ya kafa masana'antar bulo da tayal a Legas, wanda hakan ya haifar da gidaje masu araha da aka yi da bulo.  An yi wa ginshiƙan bulo da bangon fenti da kayan ado,  kuma an haɗa ƙarin kayan ado a cikin plinths, ginshiƙai, ginshiƙai da tushe. 

An gina gidaje masu kyau kuma an sake yin su a siffofi da girma dabam-dabam ta hanyar Yarabawa da suka dawo daga Sabuwar Duniya zuwa birnin Legas. Misalan sun haɗa da: gidan Andrew Thomas, wani gida mai hawa biyu na Yarabawa ɗan Brazil wanda aka tsara shi da kayan ado na filastik; gidan tubali na Joaquim Devonde Branco, mai tagogi na ƙarfe; da Gidan Caxton da ke Marina, wanda aka gina shi da babban gini mai hawa biyu, ɗakunan nunin kaya biyu a kowane gefen babban ginin, wuraren ajiye dawaki, da lambu.

## Nassoshi