Hukumar 'yan sanda ta kasa (Japan)

Hukumar 'yan sanda ta kasa (Japanese, Hepburn: Keisatsu-chō) ita ce cibiyar kula da tilasta bin doka ta tsarin' yan sanda na Japan. Ba kamar 'Yan sanda na kasa a wasu ƙasashe ba, NPA ba ta da wani sashi na aiki na kanta ban da Tsaro na Imperial; maimakon haka, tana da alhakin kula da sassan' yan sanda 47 na Japan da kuma tantance ka'idoji da manufofinsu, kodayake tana iya ba da umarnin hukumomin' yan sanda a ƙarƙashinta a cikin gaggawa na kasa ko manyan bala'o'i. Yana ƙarƙashin Hukumar Tsaron Jama'a ta Kasa ta Ofishin Ma'aikatar.

Ya zuwa 2017, NPA tana da ƙarfin kusan ma'aikata 7,800: jami'ai 2,100 da aka rantse, masu gadi 900, da ma'aikatan farar hula 4,800.

## Tarihi
Ayyukan 'yan sanda na Daular Japan an sanya su a ƙarƙashin cikakken iko na tsakiya tare da Ofishin Harkokin' yan sanda  (警保局, Keiho-kyoku) na Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida a ainihin su. Amma bayan mika wuya ga Japan, Babban Kwamandan Allied Powers ya ɗauki wannan tsarin 'yan sanda na tsakiya a matsayin wanda ba na dimokuradiyya ba.

A lokacin mamayewa, Dokar 'yan sanda ta 1947 ce ta gabatar da ka'idar rarraba mulki. Birane da manyan garuruwa suna da nasu ayyukan 'yan sanda na gari (masu zama kansu, Jichitai Keisatsu), kuma' yan sanda na karkara na kasa (masu sandan yankin, Kokka Chihō Keisatsu) suna da alhakin kananan garuruwa, ƙauyuka da yankunan karkara. Amma yawancin yankunan Japan sun yi ƙanƙanta don samun babban rundunar 'yan sanda, don haka wani lokacin ba su iya magance babban tashin hankali ba. Bugu da kari, raguwar kungiyar 'yan sanda ta rage ingancin ayyukan' yan sanda.[1]

A matsayin martani ga waɗannan matsalolin, cikakken sake fasalin ya haifar da tsarin tsakiya a ƙarƙashin Dokar 'yan sanda da aka gyara a 1954. Dukkanin sassan aiki ban da Tsaron Imperial an sake tsara su a cikin 'Yan sanda na gundumar kowace gundumar, kuma an kafa Hukumar' yan sanda ta kasa a matsayin hukumar daidaitawa ta tsakiya ga waɗannan Sashen' yan sanda.

A ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 2022, NPA ta kirkiro Ofishin Harkokin Cyber da Ƙungiyar Cyber ta Kasa. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2023, NPA ta ba da sanarwar cewa za a kafa TAIT (Telecom Scam Allianced Investigation Team) a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2024 don haɗa kokarin bincike a duk faɗin Japan kan shari'o'in zamba.

Tun daga shekara ta 2022, yawan mutanen da ke zuwa gaba tare da korafe-korafe na wariyar launin fata a kan Hukumar 'yan sanda ta Japan ya karu. An yarda da baƙi da yawa sun kasance masu cin zarafin launin fata akai-akai, tare da abubuwan da suka faru na wariyar launin fata da yawa da 'yan sanda ba su rubuta ba.

## Ƙungiya

### Jagora
Kwamishinan Janar  (警察庁長官, Keisatsu-chō Chōkan) shine babban jami'in' yan sanda na Japan, wanda aka dauka a matsayin banda ga tsarin aji na yau da kullun. Ga Mataimakin Kwamishinan Janar (次長, Jichō), Babban Kwamishinan yana da kari. Sakatariyar Janar na Kwamishinan (長官官房, Chōkan Kanbō) ma'aikatan su ne. Hukumar Tsaron Jama'a ta Kasa ce ke ba da jagorancin siyasa na farar hula.

Ofishin Tsaro na Al'umma (Jami'ar Tsaro ta Rayuwa, Seikatsu Anzen-kyoku) tana da alhakin rigakafin aikata laifuka, yaki da aikata laifukan matasa, da kuma kula da gurɓataccen yanayi.

Wannan ofishin ya samo asali ne daga Sashen Tsaro na Ofishin Harkokin Laifuka a cikin 1994.

## Dubi kuma

* Ayyukan 'yan sanda na Daular Japan
* Dokar tilasta aiki a Japan
* Tsarin jama'a da tsaron cikin gida a Japan
* Hukumar Kula da Wutar Lantarki da Bala'o'i

## Manazarta