Biranen don Kariyar Yanayi

**Shirin Cities for Climate Protection Program** (CCP) na ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin sadarwa na ƙananan hukumomi guda uku na duniya da nufin rage hayakin iskar gas na birane. An kafa shi a cikin 1990 ta Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙasa ta Duniya da Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, daya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin sadarwa na duniya, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Ƙaddamar Muhalli (ICLEI), ta gabatar da wani tsari don wakiltar matsalolin muhalli na ƙananan hukumomi a duniya. ICLEI tana ƙoƙari don 'kafa membobin birni mai aiki da himma… wanda ke haɓaka ayyukan haɓaka muhalli da dorewa a cikin…tsarin haɗin gwiwar da ba a daidaita ba'. A cikin 1993, bayan shirin matukin jirgi mai nasara na ICLEI, Aikin Rage Ragewar CO2 na Urban, an kafa shirin CCP a lokacin taron koli na bayan Rio. Shirin CCP yana kwatanta kansa a cikin manufofin sauyin yanayi na gida, a matsayin cibiyar sadarwar gudanarwa ta ƙasa da ƙasa.

## Shirin Kare Yanayin Yanayi
An kafa shi a cikin 1993, shirin CCP ya ƙunshi fiye da gwamnatocin gundumomi 650 waɗanda ke wakiltar ƙasashe sama da 30. Shirin na CCP ya ɗauka cewa yayin da ƙoƙarin ƙananan hukumomi guda ɗaya na rage hayaƙin iskar gas (GHG) na iya zama mai sauƙi, ta hanyar yin aiki tare a matsayin cibiyar sadarwa na hukumomi masu iko, ƙananan hukumomi na iya yin tasiri sosai a kokarin rage hayakin GHG ). A matsayin yankunan duniya da ke da mafi yawan al'umma kuma mafi girman girman yawan jama'a, yawan jama'ar duniya ya kai biliyan 3.2 a cikin 2005, wanda zai karu zuwa biliyan 5 a 2030. Don haka yana nuni ta hanyar wakiltar 50% na yawan jama'ar duniya a cikin birane a cikin 2005, birane sune mahimman tushe don haɓaka wayar da kan jama'a da fara aiki don rage hayaƙin GHG. Hukumomin cikin gida na shirin CCP 'suna tsarawa, ba da shawara, da sauƙaƙe ayyuka daga al'ummomin gida da masu ruwa da tsaki… wajen magance tasirin muhalli… na sarrafa makamashi, sufuri, da tsarawa'.

Aikin matukin jirgi na farko na ICLEI, Aikin Rage CO2 na Birni, ya haɗu da biranen Amurka, Kanada da Turai don haɓaka tsarin tsare-tsaren birni don rage hayaƙin GHG da samar da dabarun sarrafa makamashi,  wanda ya kai ga kafa shirin CCP. A matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙididdige tsarin cibiyar sadarwa na CCP, ƙananan hukumomi suna aiki tare da gwamnatocin ƙasa da na duniya, haɓakawa da aiwatar da dabarun rage yawan iska na GHG, da kuma dabarun kare ikon yanayin halittu don cire CO2. Daga samar da kafuwar cibiyar sadarwa ta CCP, an bayyana manyan manufofi guda hudu: • 'Sake aiwatar da alkawuran cikin gida wajen rage hayakin GHG na birane • Watsa shirye-shirye da kayan aikin gudanarwa don sauƙaƙe haɓaka manufofin rage farashin CO2 masu tsada • Bincike da haɓaka mafi kyawun ayyuka, da haɓaka ƙirar gundumomi waɗanda ke jagorantar misali • Haɓaka tsare-tsare na ƙasa da ƙasa ta yadda za a haɗa ayyukan gundumomi a cikin ƙasa da ƙasa a cikin ayyukan gundumomi.

## Kasancewa memba shirin CCP
Asali, manufar shirin na CCP shine a yi rajistar hukumomin gida waɗanda jimillar hayaƙin GHG suka kai kashi 10% na jimillar hayaƙin duniya. A shekara ta 2001, 8% na wannan burin ya cika ta hanyar biranen membobi 549, tare da alkalumman 2008 da ke nuna cewa biranen membobi na yanzu suna da kashi 15% na hayakin GHG na duniya. Lokacin zama memba na shirin CCP, dole ne hukumomin gida su ɗauki wani ƙuduri ko sanarwa na yau da kullun da nufin magance barazanar sauyin yanayi na duniya. Da zarar wani ɓangare na shirin cibiyar sadarwa, biranen membobi sun himmatu don kammala matakai biyar: • 'Gudanar da ƙididdiga da ƙididdiga na makamashi da fitar da hayaki • Ƙaddamar da manufar rage hayaki • Samar da tsarin aiki na gida don cimma burin • Aiwatar da manufofi da matakai • Gudanar da matakai na sa ido da tabbatar da sakamako'

Abubuwa biyar masu muhimmanci sun taimaka wa hukumomin gida su fahimci yadda shawarar da gundumomi suka yanke game da amfani da makamashi na birane, yana kwatanta sauyin yanayi na duniya ta hanyar rage amfani da makamashi. Ƙungiyar kafa ta CCP, ICLI, tana ba da biranen membobin da jagora, horo da taimakon fasaha don kammala matakai biyar. Biranen membobi na shirin CCP su ne suka mayar da shi cibiyar sadarwa ta gunduma ta ƙasa da ƙasa, an tsara ta ta ofisoshin yaƙin neman zaɓe na yanki da na ƙasa.

## Manazarta