Rikicin Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya (2013-2014)

Rikicin cikin gida a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya (CAR) ya fara ne a ranar 13 ga Afrilu 2013, lokacin da gwamnatin Shugaba Michel Djotodia ta karbe mulki a hukumance. Yaƙin ya kasance tsakanin gwamnatin tsohuwar hadin gwiwar Séléka ta Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya na kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye, wadanda galibi daga' yan tsiraru Musulmi ne, da kuma hadin gwiwarsa ta Kirista mai adawa da balaka. Rikicin ya kasance wani ɓangare na yakin basasar Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya (2012-yanzu). Kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, kamar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, sun yi gargadi game da yiwuwar kisan kare dangi. UNSC ƙuduri na 2122 ya ba da izini ga Ofishin Taimako na Duniya da ke karkashin jagorancin Afirka zuwa Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya (MISCA) don a tura su zuwa ƙasar, da Faransa don jagorantar ayyukan tare da ƙarin dakarun da aka aiko don ƙarfafa ƙarfinta a ƙasar. Bayan taron koli na Kungiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Jihohin Afirka ta Tsakiya (CEEAC), gami da halartar dukkan 'yan majalisa na kasar, Djotodia ya yi murabus daga shugabancin a ranar 10 ga Janairun 2014. Majalisar rikon kwarya ta kasa ta zabi magajin garin Bangui Catherine Samba-Panza a matsayin shugaban rikon kware a ranar 20 ga Janairun 2014. Lokaci na rashin bin doka ya kasance a farkon kwanakin shugabancinta tare da mutane suna motsawa zuwa unguwanni masu tsabtace addini yayin da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi gargadi game da kisan kare dangi. An ci gaba da kai hare-hare kan fararen hula Musulmai.

## Tarihi
Yakin Bush na Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya (2004-2007) ya fara ne da tawaye da Union of Democratic Forces for Unity (UFDR) a Arewa maso gabashin CAR, karkashin jagorancin Michel Djotodia, bayan François Bozizé ya kwace mulki a shekara ta 2003.  Wannan da sauri ya karu zuwa manyan fada a lokacin shekara ta 2004. A lokacin wannan rikici, sojojin 'yan tawaye na UFDR sun yi yaƙi da gwamnatin CAR a lokaci guda tare da wasu kungiyoyin' yan tawaye da yawa da ke wasu sassan kasar, gami da Groupe d'action patriotique pour la libération de Centrafrique (GAPLC), Yarjejeniyar Patriots for Justice and Peace (CPJP), Sojojin Jama'a don Maido da Dimokuradiyya (APRD), Movement of Central African Liberators for Justice (MLCJ), da Front démocratique Centrafricain (FDC).  A ranar 13 ga Afrilu 2007, an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya tsakanin gwamnati da UFDR a Birao .   Ci gaba da tattaunawa ya haifar da yarjejeniya a cikin 2008 don sulhu, gwamnati ta hadin kai, da zaɓen gida a cikin 2009 da zaɓen majalisa da na shugaban kasa a cikin 2010.  An kafa sabuwar gwamnatin hadin kai da ta haifar a watan Janairun shekara ta 2009.

A cikin 2012, rikici na kawancen Séléka ya fara ne da gwamnatin François Bozizé . Kodayake akwai tsayawa a cikin fada, kungiyar ta karɓi babban birnin, Bangui da Bozizé sun tsere daga ƙasar. CEEAC ta kulla yarjejeniya da ta kafa taron rikon kwarya, Majalisar rikon kwaminisanci ta kasa (CNT); sannan hukumar ta zabi Michel Djotodia don jagorantar kasar zuwa zabe.

### Soja
Tun lokacin da aka kori gwamnatin Bozizé, a bayyane yake cewa an yi amfani da dokar jihar tare da yaduwar "rashin tsaro" sakamakon yaduwar kungiyoyin makamai. Kodayake an riga an yi la'akari da cibiyoyin gwamnati da suka raunana ta hanyar ka'idojin Yamma, sun rushe bayan fashi da lalata mafi yawan ayyukan gudanarwa, 'yan sanda da shari'a na kasar. Shugabannin Séléka sun kasa samun iko mai inganci a kan dakarun soji daban-daban a cikin hadin gwiwarsu, saboda haka, duk da cewa an rushe su a hukumance a ranar 13 ga Satumba, tsoffin masu jefa kuri'a har yanzu suna iya ci gaba. Bugu da ƙari, fada tsakanin dakarun soja daban-daban ya shafi sassa da yawa na kasar. Sojoji sun kasance cikin haɗari game da fitowar 'yan bindiga da ke adawa da Séléka; a gefen Séléka, shiga da adadi mai yawa na mayakan daga Chadi da Darfur, Sudan ya kara haɗarin motsi na ƙetare kan iyaka na kungiyoyin makamai, da kuma kananan makamai

## Yaki
Tun lokacin da sabuwar gwamnati ta zo mulki ya ci gaba da fada a duk faɗin ƙasar tare da matsala ta doka da oda da sauran lokuta na tashin hankali kamar tashin hankali na jima'i. Har ila yau, an yi gwagwarmayar kabilanci da addini tsakanin al'ummomin Musulmi da Kirista. Bugu da ƙari akwai damuwa game da Musulmai da ke kafa tushe a kasar, gami da Boko Haram waɗanda suka riga sun kasance a makwabciyar Kamaru.

Karin tashin hankali ya fito ne daga hare-haren da aka kai wa fararen hula daga mayakan Séléka da 'yan bindiga na Kirista da ake kira "anti-balaka", ma'ana 'anti-machete' ko 'anti-sword'.  Kamar yadda yawancin Kiristoci suna da salon rayuwa kuma Musulmai da yawa sun kasance makiyaya, da'awar ƙasar wani bangare ne na tashin hankali.

A cewar Human Rights Watch, 'yan bindiga na *Séléka* sun kashe akalla fararen hula 40, kuma da gangan sun lalata kauyuka 34 ko garuruwa daga 11 ga Fabrairu zuwa 2 ga Yuni 2013. Shaidu sun ce maharan mayakan *Séléka* ne a cikin tufafi, wani lokacin tare da hadin gwiwar Mbarara masu dauke da makamai - makiyaya masu kiwon dabbobi da ke motsa dabbobinsu tsakanin Chadi da Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya - waɗanda suka yi tafiya a kan doki ko babur. *Séléka* ta harbe fararen hula, sau da yawa yayin da suke gudu.

A watan Agustan shekara ta 2013, Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi gargadin cewa Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ta haifar da "mummunar barazana" ga kwanciyar hankali na yanki bayan mamayar tawaye a watan Maris kuma an sami "cikakken rushewar doka da tsari". Fiye da mutane 200,000 sun tsere daga gidajensu kuma da yawa suna zaune a cikin daji, in ji shugaban agaji na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Valerie Amos, wanda ya ziyarci kasar. Mai magana da yawun Save the Children Mark Kaye ya ba da rahoton cewa tsarin kiwon lafiya na kasar ya lalace bayan an sace shi: "An buga dukkan kantin magani. Babu magunguna, babu magunguna, an sace kayan aiki. Na je asibitoci inda aka sace matattara. "

A watan Agustan shekara ta 2013, Shugaba Francois Bozize da aka tsige shi ya gaya wa kafofin watsa labarai na Faransa cewa ya yi niyyar komawa mulki kuma ya ga an kori 'yan tawaye, kuma ya kafa Front for the Return of Constitutional Order in the CAR (Faransa: Front pour le retour de l'ordre constitutionnel en Centrafrique ko FROCCA), ƙungiyar da ke da niyyar kawo hankalin duniya ga ayyukan *Séléka* da laifukan da suka ruwaito.

### Rarraba Séléka da fara tashin hankali
A watan Satumbar 2013, Michel Djotodia ya ba da sanarwar cewa an rushe *Séléka*  amma yawancin 'yan bindiga sun ki rushewa.  Akwai rahotanni game da yaduwar fyade, kisan kai, fashi da lalata ƙauyuka da tsarin gudanarwa ta waɗannan 'yan bindiga. "Gwagwarmaya mai tsanani" tsakanin kungiyoyin da ba a san su ba a ciki da kewayen garuruwan Bossembele da Bossangoa an ruwaito su a tsakiyar Satumba 2013.  Kusan mutane 400,000 ne suka rasa muhallinsu, galibi zuwa daji, kuma 68,000 sun gudu zuwa yankunan da ke makwabtaka. An ba da shawarar azabtarwa, kashe-kashen da fashi sun zama ruwan dare yayin da rikici ya bazu.

### Rikicin Ƙungiya

A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2013, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta gargadi kasar ta kasance cikin haɗarin shiga cikin kisan kare dangi  kuma ta ce tana "sauka cikin rikici",  yayin da Faransa ta bayyana kasar a matsayin "...a gefen kisan kare kare dangi.  Karuwar tashin hankali ya fito ne daga hare-haren fansawa ga fararen hula daga mayakan *Séléka* da 'yan bindiga na Kirista da ake kira "anti-balaka", ma'ana 'anti-machete' ko 'anti-sword'. Kamar yadda yawancin Kiristoci suna da salon rayuwa kuma Musulmai da yawa sun kasance makiyaya, da'awar ƙasar wani bangare ne na tashin hankali.

A ranar 4 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2013, Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kada kuri'a cikin gaggawa don amincewa da ƙudurin cewa masu kiyaye zaman lafiya na Majalisar Dinkinobho na iya amfani da duk wani karfi da ake bukata don kare rayukan fararen hula, bayan rahotanni sun fara fitowa daga babban birnin Bangui na yaduwar tashin hankali da ke faruwa. Sa'o'i bayan zaben, Shugaban Faransa François Hollande ya sanar da cewa kasarsa ta himmatu ga daukar mataki nan take don dakatar da yunkurin kashe-kashen, yana mai cewa "ya yanke shawarar yin aiki nan take, a wasu kalmomi, wannan maraice. Shaidu da ma'aikatan agaji a ƙasa a babban birnin sun ba da rahoton cewa an tattara aƙalla gawawwakin 105 bayan rikice-rikicen da ya ɓarke tsakanin manyan 'yan tawaye Musulmi da ke kula da ƙasar a halin yanzu da kuma cakuda' yan bindiga na Kirista da mayakan da ke da aminci ga shugaban da aka kori Francois Bozize. Baya ga izinin karfi, ƙudurin Majalisar Tsaro ya sanya takunkumin makamai a kasar kuma ya nemi Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta shirya don yiwuwar aikin kiyaye zaman lafiya.

## Halin da aka yi

; A cikin gida

A karshen mako na biyu na watan Disamba, bayan mutuwar mutane 400 a kasar, Shugaba Michel Djotodia ya ce: "Ya yi yawa da zan ce ba ni da iko. Ina sarrafa mutanena. Mutanen da ba zan iya sarrafawa ba mutanena ba. "  A ranar 25 ga Disamba, Djotodia ta yi kira ga kawo karshen "kisan kiyashi" kuma ta ce: "Ka ƙaunaci juna! Mun sami hakan a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki da Alkur'ani", kamar yadda shugabannin addinin Kirista da Musulmi na yankin suka kewaye shi. Ya kuma sanar da haramtacciyar zanga-zangar da ba bisa ka'ida ba a Bangui kuma ya zargi Bozizé da magoya bayansa da kasancewa a bayan tashin hankali wanda "ya kashe 'yan Afirka ta Tsakiya marasa laifi".   A baya ya bayyana cewa duk da cewa shi Musulmi ne, ya yarda cewa CAR jiha ce mai zaman kanta kuma ya yi gargadi cewa mutanen da ba su da niyya suna so su fara rikici tsakanin addinai.

## Sakamakon da ci gaba da tashin hankali
Duk da murabus din Djotodia, rikici har yanzu ya ci gaba.

## Dubi kuma

* Operation Serval (2012-yanzu), a matsayin wani ɓangare na rikici na Arewacin MaliRikicin Arewacin Mali

## Manazarta