Hukuncin kisa a Malawi

**Hukuncin kisa a Malawi** hukunci ne na doka ga wasu laifuka. Kasar ta soke hukuncin kisa bayan hukuncin Kotun Koli ta Malawi a 2021, amma nan da nan aka sake dawo da shi. Koyaya, a halin yanzu ƙasar tana ƙarƙashin dakatarwar hukuncin kisa, wanda ya kasance tun lokacin da aka kashe shi kwanan nan a shekarar 1992.

## Dokar azabtarwa ta kisa
A shekara ta 2007, Kotun Koli ta Malawi ta yanke hukunci a cikin shari'ar Kafantayeni da Sauran da Babban Lauyan cewa ba bisa ka'ida ba ne a sanya hukuncin kisa ya zama tilas ga kisan kai ko cin amana.  Hukuncin ya ba alƙalai damar yin hukunci yayin yanke shawara kan hukuncin kisa ga waɗanda aka yanke musu hukuncin cin amana. A yanke shawara kan hukuncin da ya dace a cikin shari'a, alƙalai za su yi la'akari da ko fursunonin suna da babban rikodin aikata laifuka na baya, rashin lafiya, talauci, miyagun ƙwayoyi ko maye, tsufa, matasa, rauni, ko "gaskiya mai gaskiya a maita" a lokacin aikata laifukan da / ko a lokacin yanke hukunci. Shekaru huɗu bayan hukuncin kotun da ya haramta hukuncin kisa, an sabunta Dokar Shari'a ta Malawi don nuna gabatar da yanke hukunci a cikin kisan kai da cin amana. Hukuncin mutuwa hukunci ne na zaɓi don fyade, fashi da makami, da fashi, dukansu ana iya hukunta su da ɗaurin rai da rai. Babu wanda aka yanke masa hukuncin kisa a Malawi tun daga shekara ta 1995 da aka yanke masa hukunci saboda wani laifi ban da kisan kai.

Malawi kuma ta haramta hukuncin kisa ga waɗanda aka yanke musu hukunci waɗanda ba su kai shekara 18 ba a lokacin da aka aikata laifukansu, da kuma mata masu juna biyu, fursunoni masu nakasa, ko fursunoni waɗanda ke da rashin lafiya wanda ya hana su fahimtar ayyukansu.

Dukkanin fursunonin da ke cikin hukuncin kisa suna zaune a cikin kurkukun tsaro na Malawi, wanda ke cikin Zomba. An yi kisa a tarihi a kurkuku a Zomba.

## Tarihin mulkin mallaka da mulkin mallaka
Kafin Malawi ta zama mai kariya na Daular Burtaniya, tsarin shari'ar aikata laifuka na yankin ya fi mayar da hankali ga ra'ayin diyya ga laifuffuka da hadin kan jama'a. Al'ummomin da suka gabata a yankin ba sa yawan azabtarwa ta jiki ko ta tsanani don halayyar rashin zaman lafiya ko ta laifi sai dai idan mai aikata laifin ya kasa biyan *Lipo*, tarar lalacewa. Hector Duff, tsohon Babban Sakataren Daular Burtaniya, ya yi iƙirarin cewa a cikin dokar mulkin mallaka ta kudancin Afirka, "Kisan kai, batir, satar, sata: waɗannan manyan laifuka ne da [Afirka] ta gane, kuma dukansu. . . . ya saba azabtarwa, bisa ga ƙa'idarsa mai tsanani, ta hanyar mafi girman hukuncin kisa. "

## Tarihin bayan mulkin mallaka
Mulkin mallaka a Malawi ya ƙare a shekarar 1964. Hastings Banda ya jagoranci mulkin kama karya a cikin kasar na shekaru 30 masu zuwa, yana kula da ka'idar azabtarwa ta zamanin mulkin mallaka da tanadinta don hukuncin kisa. A karkashin mulkin Banda, an yanke akalla hukuncin kisa 823 a Malawi tsakanin 1972 da 1993, kuma an aiwatar da 299 daga cikinsu. Sauran fursunonin da ke cikin layin mutuwa ko dai sun mutu yayin jiran kisa, ko kuma sun sami gafara.

A cikin shekarar karshe da Malawi ta aiwatar da kisa, akwai kimanin fursunoni goma sha biyu da aka kashe, duk ta hanyar ratayewa,  hanyar kisa guda daya da aka ba da izini a karkashin dokar hukuncin kisa ta Malawi.  Kashe-kashen karshe na Malawi kafin sokewa ya faru ne a ranar 26 ga Satumba, 1992, a kurkuku a Zomba; Malawi da ake zargin ta hayar wani rataye daga Afirka ta Kudu don aiwatar da hukuncin kisa.

## Manazarta