Hukumar Binciken Sararin Samaniya ta Kasa

**Hukumar Binciken Sararin Samaniya ta Kasa (N.A.S.R.D.A)** ita ce hukumar binciken sararin samaniya ta Nijeriya. Babbar ma'aikata  a karkashin Ma'aikatar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Tarayya. Hukumar da ke Abuja babban birnin Nijeriya kuma tana da tashar karɓar ƙasa, a tsakanin sauran shafuka. Tana da haɗin gwiwa kan fasahar sararin samaniya tare da, Kasar Ingila,  China, Ukraine da Russia.

## Tarihi
NASRDA da aka kafa a ranar 1 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2001 bayan shirye-shiryen lokaci tun a shekara ta 1998 ta Nijeriya shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo da kuma gwamnatin Nijeriya tare da wani Babban burin kafa wata "da muhimman hakkokin siyasa domin cigaban sararin kimiyya da fasaha" da wani na farko kasafin kudin na $93 miliyan.

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2006, sabon tsarin sararin samaniya ya sami karbuwa.

## Matsayi
Matsayi na farko na Tsarin Sararin Samaniya na Najeriya (NSP) wanda Hukumar Bincike da raya Sararin Samaniya (NASRDA) za ta aiwatar ya kamata ya haɗa da:

Nazarin kimiyyar sararin samaniya domin aza tushe don samun fa'idodi mafi yawa daga kasancewar al'umma cikin masana'antar sararin samaniya; Don samun damar sararin samaniya, kokarin Nijeriya yakamata ya mai da hankali kan bincike da tsauraran ilimi, cigaban injiniya, kere-kere da kerawa, musamman a bangaren kayan aiki, roket da kananan tauraron dan adam harma da samun bayanan tauraron dan adam, sarrafawa, bincike da kuma kula da makamantansu. software; damar da tashar lura da ƙasa ta ƙasa don hango nesa da samun bayanan yanayi na tauraron dan adam. Irin wannan kayan aikin zai haɓaka ikon igenan asalin asali don ɗauka, gyara da ƙirƙirar sababbin dabaru don ƙididdigar albarkatun ƙasa, saka idanu, kimantawa da gudanarwa; Samar da ingantaccen sabis na sadarwa a Najeriya domin bunkasa ci gaban masana'antu, kasuwanci da harkokin mulki na tattalin arziki. Yankunan da ke cikin Tsarin Sararin Samaniya (NSP) sun haɗa da:

*Basic Space Science and Technology* don samar da fahimtar yadda duniya ke aiki da kuma yadda tasirinta yake a duniya. Wannan zai ba mu damar aza harsashin samar da mafi yawan fa'idodi daga shigar al'umma cikin masana'antar sararin samaniya.

*Sensing* na nesa don taimaka wa 'yan Najeriya su fahimta da kuma kula da yanayin mu da albarkatun kasa ta hanyar amfani da bayanan da aka samu. Wannan fasahar zata bamu damar fahimtar filayen mu, iska da ruwa da kuma matsalolin dake tattare dasu.

Tauraron Dan Adam *Meteorology* don nazarin ilimin kimiyyar yanayi da kimiyyar yanayi ta amfani da bayanan tauraron dan adam don sauƙaƙe gudanarwar muhalli mai kyau.

Sadarwa da Fasahar Sadarwa don samar da ingantattun aiyukan sadarwa ga Najeriya domin bunkasa ci gaban masana'antu, kasuwanci da harkokin mulki na tattalin arziki.

Tsaro da Tsaro. Gwamnatin Tarayya za ta samar da wani muhimmin shiri na kimiyyar sararin samaniya (SST) wanda zai magance bukatun kasa na Najeriya. A saboda wannan dalili gwamnati za ta kafa Kwamandan Sararin Samaniya a Ma'aikatar Tsaro. Dokar za ta kunshi wakilai na tsaro, leken asiri, tsaro da kuma aiwatar da doka tare da bayar da rahoto ta hanyar Ma'aikatar Tsaro ga Majalisar Sararin Samaniya.

## Satellites
Gwamnatin Najeriya ta harba tauraron dan adam guda biyar zuwa sararin samaniya. Shirye-shiryen farko don harba tauraron dan adam na kasa a shekara ta 1976 ba a zartar ba. NigeriaSat-1 shine tauraron dan Adam na farko dan Najeriya kuma wani kamfanin fasahar tauraron dan adam dake zaune a kasar Ingila, Surrey Space Technology Limited (SSTL ltd) ne ya gina shi karkashin tallafin gwamnatin Najeriya akan dala miliyan 30. An harba tauraron dan adam ne ta hanyar roka Kosmos-3M daga roka Plesetsk spaceport a ranar 27 ga Satumbar 2003. Nigeriasat-1 na daga cikin Tsarukan Kula da Bala'i na duniya. Manufofin farko na Nigeriasat-1 sun kasance: ba da alamun gargaɗi na farko game da bala'in muhalli; don taimakawa gano da kuma kula da kwararar hamada a yankin arewacin Najeriya; don taimakawa cikin tsara alƙaluma; kulla alakar tsakanin dabbobi da muhallin da ke haifar da zazzabin cizon sauro da kuma ba da sakonnin gargadi game da barkewar cutar sankarau nan gaba ta amfani da fasahar hangen nesa don samar da fasahar da ake buƙata don kawo ilimi ga dukkan ɓangarorin ƙasar ta hanyar ilmantarwa mai nisa; da kuma taimakawa wajen sasanta rikice-rikice da rikice-rikicen kan iyakoki ta hanyar tsara tashoshin jihohi da na Duniya.

NigeriaSat-2 da NigeriaSat-X, tauraron dan adam na uku da na hudu, an gina su a matsayin tauraron dan adam mai karfin gaske ta hanyar SSTL don tsarin DMC kuma. Tana da panchromatic na ƙudurin mita 2.5 (mai matuƙar ƙuduri), 5-multispectral (babban ƙuduri, NIR ja, kore da jan makada), da kuma mita 32 na multispectral (matsakaiciyar ƙuduri, NIR ja, kore da jan makada) eriya. An gina kumbon NigeriaSat-2 / X ne a kan kudi sama da fam miliyan 35. Wannan tauraron dan adam da aka kaddamar a cikin sarari guda ta Ukrainian Dnepr roka daga Yasny barikin soji a Rasha a ranar 17 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2011. 

NigComSat-1, wani tauraron dan adam dan Najeriya da aka umarce shi kuma aka gina shi a China a shekara ta 2004, shine tauraron dan adam na biyu na Najeriya kuma tauraron dan adam na farko na sadarwa a Afirka. An ƙaddamar da shi ne a ranar 13 ga Mayu 2007, a cikin roka mai ɗauke da dogon zango na kasar Sin 3B, daga Cibiyar Kaddamar da Tauraron Dan Adam na Xichang da ke China. Kamfanin NigComSat ne ke aiki da kumbon da ke karkashin Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Najeriya, NASRDA . A ranar 11 ga Nuwamba Nuwamba 2008, NigComSat-1 ya gaza yin kewaya bayan karewa daga mulki saboda wani yanayi da ya faru a cikin hasken rana. Yana da aka bisa ga Sin DFH-4 da tauraron dan adam bas, da kuma daukawa da dama transponders : 4 C band . 14 Ku band ; 8 Kwani band . da band 2 L Yana da aka tsara don samar da ɗaukar hoto zuwa wasu sassa na Afrika, da kuma K wani band transponders zai kuma rufe Italiya.

A ranar 10 ga watan Nuwamban shekara ta 2008 (0900 GMT), rahotanni sun ce an kashe tauraron dan adam don nazari da kuma kaucewa yiwuwar karo da wasu tauraron dan adam. A cewar kamfanin sadarwa na Nigerian Communications Satellite Limited, an sanya shi cikin "aikin yanayin gaggawa domin aiwatar da raguwa da gyare-gyare".  Tauraron dan adam din daga karshe ya gaza bayan ya rasa iko a ranar 11 ga watan Nuwamban shekara ta 2008.

A ranar 24 ga watan Maris, na shekara ta 2009, Ma’aikatar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Tarayya ta Najeriya, NigComSat Ltd. da CGWIC sun sanya hannu kan wani karin kwangila don jigilar tauraron dan adam na NigComSat-1R. NigComSat-1R shima tauraron dan adam ne na DFH-4, kuma ana sa ran isar dashi a zango na hudu na shekara ta 2011 a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin NigComSat-1 da ya gaza. 

A ranar 19 ga watan Disambar shekara ta 2011, kasar Sin ta harba wani sabon tauraron dan adam na sadarwa a Xichang. Tauraron dan adam din a cewar shugaban Najeriya Goodluck Jonathan wanda aka biya kudin inshorar kan kamfanin na NigComSat-1 wanda aka sake kewaya shi a shekara ta 2009, zai yi matukar tasiri ga ci gaban kasa a fannoni daban daban kamar sadarwa, aiyukan intanet, kiwon lafiya, noma, muhalli. kariya da tsaron kasa. 

* NigeriaSat-1 tauraron dan adam ne na daidaitaccen tsarin tsara Bala'in Kulawa da Bala'i (DMC). Yana da 100&nbsp;nauyin kilogiram kuma yana ɗaukar nauyin biyan kuɗi na gani wanda SSTL ta haɓaka don samar da ƙudurin ƙasa na 32 m tare da faɗi mai faɗi na musamman sama da 640&nbsp;km Biyan kuɗin yana amfani da koren, ja da kusa da infrared bands daidai da Landsat TM + makada 2, 3 da 4. Ana adana hotuna a cikin mai rikodin bayanai mai ƙarfi na 1-gigabyte kuma an dawo dasu ta hanyar 8-Mbit / s S-band downlink. NigeriaSat-1 na iya ɗaukar hotuna da girma kamar 640 x 560&nbsp;km, yana samar da yanki mai fa'ida, matsakaiciyar bayanai. Za a yi amfani da bayanan ne a cikin Najeriyar don lura da gurbatar yanayi, amfani da filaye da sauran al'amuran matsakaici. An ƙaddamar da shi a ranar 27 Satumba 2003.
* NigeriaSat-2 da NigeriaSat-X tare da 300&nbsp;kilogram kowannensu - don maye gurbin NajeriyaSat-1, wanda aka fara daga Nuwamba 6, 2006,  aka ƙaddamar da 17 ga Agusta 2011.
* NigComSat-1 Communications tauraron dan adam wanda ke samar da intanet na karkara - wanda aka kaddamar a ranar 13 ga Mayu 2007, a cikin roket mai dauke da dogon zango na kasar Sin, daga cibiyar harba tauraron dan adam ta Xichang da ke China. Tauraron dan adam din shine tauraron dan adam na biyu na Najeriya da aka sanya shi cikin falaki. A ranar 10 ga Nuwamba Nuwamba 2008 (0900 GMT), rahotanni sun ce an kashe tauraron dan adam, saboda ya rasa dukkanin kayan aikin da ke amfani da hasken rana. Tauraron dan adam asara ce baki daya. Tauraron dan Adam mallakar da Sadarwa na Sadarwar Sadarwa ta Najeriya yana da iyaka, SPV, an sanya shi a matsayin kamfani na jiha, wanda aka ba da cikakken kuɗaɗe kuma mallakar Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya. NigComSat Limited a yanzu haka yana karkashin kulawar da sabuwar sabuwar Ma’aikatar Fasahar Sadarwa wacce NCC da NBC ke kula da ita.
* NigComSat-1R - don maye gurbin NigComSat-1 da ya ɓace, wanda China ta ƙaƙaddamar ranar 19 ga watan Disambar shekara ta 2011 ba tare da an biya Nigeria kuɗi ba.

## Ayyukan gaba
NigComSat-2 da NigComSat-3 - ƙarin tauraron dan adam na sadarwa don faɗaɗa hanyoyin  Sadarwa na Nijeriya wanda ke da niyyar farawa a cikin shekara ta 2012 da shekara ta 2013.

NigeriaSAT-1 - tauraron dan adam mai kula da sojan gona/mai lura da Duniya tare da na'urar hangen nesa, wanda a ke shirin kaddamarwa a shekara ta 2015.

### Cigaban tauraron dan adam na cikin gida
Robert Ajayi Boroffice ya sanar a wajen taron laccar da aka gabatar kan ci gaban fasahar sararin samaniya cewa Najeriya za ta iya gina tauraron dan adam na asali a cikin kasar ba tare da taimakon kasashen waje ba har zuwa shekara ta 2018. 

### Motar harba tauraron dan adam da sararin samaniya
Robert Ajayi Boroffice ya kuma bayyana cewa Nijeriya za ta yi amfani da damar da take da shi wajen kaddamar da ita zuwa kasa-da-kasa ta hanyar samar da sararin samaniya na asali daga wani yanki na kasa da za a gina a kusa da shekara ta 2025 zuwa shekara ta 2028 tare da yiwuwar taimako daga Ukraine.

### Binciken duniya
An shirya gudanar da bincike kan Wata a cikin shekara ta 2030.

An tsara dan sama jannati na farko dan Najeriya a cikin jirgin kumbo na wani lokaci tsakanin shekara ta  2015 da shekara ta 2030. An yi shawarwari tare da Rasha a cikin shekara ta 2000s don jigilar 'yan sama jannati. Bayan haka, bayan da abokiyar huldar sararin samaniya ta kasar Sin ta harba kumbon Shenzhou a shekara ta 2011, kasar Sin tana shirin daukar 'yan sama jannatin kasashen waje. Ana ganin China a matsayin kasar da ta fi dacewa da tashin wani dan sama jannatin Najeriya zuwa sararin samaniya fiye da Rasha bisa la'akari da alakar yanzu.

Lokacin da Ogbonnaya Onu ya sanar a shekara ta 2016 cewa Najeriya za ta tura dan sama jannati zuwa shekara ta 2030, ya gamu da suka. Ba wai kawai cewa akwai wani imel ɗin yaudara da ke yawo ba game da ɗan sama jannatin Najeriya da ya ɓace a sararin samaniya ba, amma masana da yawa game da sararin samaniya ba sa tsammanin abin da Nijeriya ke buƙata. 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin hukumomin hukumomin sararin samaniya.
* Najeriya EduSat-1 (an ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 2017).

## Manazarta

* Labarin GlobalSecurity.org
* NigeriaSat-1 information  
* NigeriaSat-2 information  
* NigeriaSat-2 signing press release  
* Nigeria Aggressively Pursues Space Program — Muryar Amurka, 23 ga Mayu 2006

## Hanyoyin haɗin waje

* NASRDA Shafin Farko