Richard Martin (dan siyasa na Ireland)

Kanar **Richard Martin** (15 Janairu 1754)  – 6 ga Janairu 1834), ɗan siyasa ne ɗan ƙasar Ireland kuma mai fafutukar yaƙi da zalunci ga dabbobi. An san shi da **Humanity Dick**, wani laƙabi da Sarki George na Huɗu ya ba shi.  Ya yi nasarar samun Dokar Mummunan Kula da Shanu ta 1822, wacce aka yi wa laƙabi da 'Dokar Martin', ta zama dokar Birtaniya. 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Martin a Dangan a County Galway,  ɗan Robert Martin FitzAnthony na Birch Hall, County Galway. An haife shi a Dangan House, wanda ke kan Kogin Corrib, kilomita huɗu daga garin Galway. Iyalin mahaifinsa Jacobites ne kuma ɗaya daga cikin "The Tribes of Galway," iyalai goma sha huɗu na 'yan kasuwa waɗanda suka mallaki Galway daga ƙarni na 14 zuwa 17. Barnwalls dangi ne mai daraja na zuriyar Norman da ke zaune a cikin yankunan Dublin, Kildare da Meath a Leinster. Bridget Barnwall ta mutu lokacin da Richard ke da shekaru tara. Mahaifin Richard daga baya ya auri Mary Lynch, memba na wani dangin "Tribal", tare da wanda ya haifi 'ya'ya maza Robert da Anthony. Kodayake iyayensa biyu an haife su ne ga Katolika, Richard Martin ya girma a matsayin Furotesta kuma ya yi karatu a Ingila kuma daga baya ya zama mai mallakar gida mai arziki a Ireland.

## Rayuwar manya
Martin ya shiga Majalisar Dokokin Ireland a shekarar 1776, inda ya zauna a Jamestown har zuwa 1783.  Bayan hutun shekaru goma sha biyar, an mayar da shi Majalisar Dokokin Lanesborough a shekarar 1798, inda ya inganta 'Yancin Katolika .  Kafin Dokar Tarayyar Turai ta wargaza Majalisar Dokokin Ireland kuma ta tilasta wa 'yan majalisar Ireland su zauna a Majalisar Dokokin Burtaniya, an zaɓe shi a Gundumar Galway . Ya ci gaba da wakiltar Gundumar Galway a Westminster a matsayin mai zaman kanta ta siyasa har zuwa 1812 da kuma daga 1818, yana goyon bayan gwamnatin Lord Liverpool ta Tory .  A Majalisar Dokokin Ingila, an san shi da katsewa da jawabai masu ban dariya. Ya ci gaba da aikinsa na 'Yancin Katolika na Irish har zuwa 1826, lokacin da ya gudu zuwa Faransa. A ƙarshe an ba da 'Yanci a 1829, abin da ya faranta masa rai. Hakanan ya kasance "memba na Ƙungiyar Gyara da kuma kawar da Bauta a hankali a duk faɗin Mulkin Birtaniya wanda aka kafa a 1823." 

## Rashin zama da tserewa
Bayan zaben 1826, Martin (yanzu mai caca mai nauyi) ya rasa kujerarsa ta majalisa saboda takardar neman izinin da ta zarge shi da tsoratar da masu jefa kuri'a ba bisa ka'ida ba a lokacin zaben. Dole ne ya gudu zuwa gudun hijira zuwa Boulogne, Faransa, saboda ba zai iya kiran kariya ta majalisa ba don kauce wa kamawa saboda bashi. Ya mutu a can cikin salama a gaban matarsa ta biyu da 'ya'yansu mata uku a ranar 6 ga Janairun 1834.

## Iyali
Matar farko ta Martin ita ce mai daraja Elizabeth Vesey, 'yar Ubangiji Trimlestown .  Suna da 'ya'ya tara, uku ne kawai suka tsira tun suna yara. An haifi 'yarsa, Maryamu, a shekara ta 1783. 'Yan uwanta sune Thomas B. Martin (1786-1847) da St. George (ya mutu 1805). Bayan bayyanar da al'amarin ta da Mista Petrie a Paris, Martin ta kai karar Petrie don Tattaunawar aikata laifuka a shekara ta 1791 kuma an ba ta £ 10,000. Ya rarraba wannan ga matalauta ta hanyar jefa shi daga windows na kocinsa a kan tafiya mai tsawo daga London zuwa Galway.

A shekara ta 1793, ya auri marubuciya Harriet Evans Martin a Nenagh . Suna da 'ya'ya hudu da suka tsira, ciki har da Rev. Richard Martin (1797-1878) da marubucin Harriet Letitia Martin (1801-1891).  Tsohon ya yi hijira zuwa Kanada a 1834 kuma yana da zuriyar da suka hada da D'Arcy Argue Counsell Martin (c. 1899-1992).  A lokacin gudun hijira na iyali a Boulogne sun saba da mawaki Sarah Burdett (wanda kansa dangin Baroness Burdett-Coutts 1814-1906) kuma ta rubuta waka a ranar 12 ga Afrilu 1834 tana nuna sha'awa da albarka ga Mary Jane Martin (yar Richard da aka haifa a 1810).  Burdett ta kasance mai goyon bayan RSPCA na farko kuma an buga ra'ayinta a cikin 1839 a cikin The Rights of Animals . 

## Manazarta