Gloria Swanson

**Gloria Mae Josephine Swanson**  (Maris 27, 1899) A ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 1983) jarumar Amurka ce. Ta fara samun suna a fina-finai da dama na shiru a shekarun 1920 kuma an zabe ta sau uku don kyautar Academy Award for Best Actress, wacce ta shahara a shekarar 1950 a fim din Billy Wilder 's *Sunset Boulevard*, wanda hakan ya ba ta kyautar Golden Globe Award .

## Farkon rayuwa
An haifi Swanson a Chicago kuma ta girma a cikin dangin soja waɗanda suka ƙaura daga tushe zuwa tushe. Sha'awarta ga jarumin Essanay Studios Francis X. Bushman ya sa goggon ta kai ta yawon shakatawa a ɗakin wasan kwaikwayo na Chicago. An ba wa Swanson mai shekaru 15 ɗan gajeren lokaci don yin fim ɗaya, daga ƙarshe kuma an ba ta kwangilar 'yan wasa, ta fara aikinta a gaban kyamarori. Swanson ta bar makaranta, kuma ba da daɗewa ba aka ɗauke ta aiki a California don yin gajeren wandon barkwanci na Mack Sennett 's Keystone Studios tare da Bobby Vernon .

Daga ƙarshe an ɗauke ta aiki a ƙarƙashin ƙungiyar Famous Players–Lasky /Paramount Pictures, inda aka sanya ta a ƙarƙashin kwangila na tsawon shekaru bakwai kuma ta zama fitacciyar jaruma a duniya. Ta fito a cikin jerin fina-finai game da al'umma, wanda Cecil B. DeMille ya ba da umarni, ciki har da *Male and Female* (1919). Ta ci gaba a matsayin tauraruwar fina-finai mai nasara a cikin *The Affairs of Anatol* (1921) da *Beyond the Rocks* (1922). Ta kuma fito a cikin wasannin kwaikwayo masu daraja kamar *Zaza* (1923) da *Madame Sans-Gêne* (1925).

A shekarar 1925, Swanson ta shiga United Artists a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin jaruman fina-finai mata na farko a masana'antar fina-finai. Ta shirya kuma ta fito a fim ɗin *Sadie Thompson* na shekarar 1928, inda ta sami damar zama jaruma mafi kyau a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na farko na Academy Awards . Fim ɗinta na farko a cikin fim ɗin *The Trespasser* ya sa ta sake samun lambar yabo ta Academy Award. *Sarauniya Kelly* (1928–29) ta kasance bala'i a ofishin akwatin fina-finai, amma ana tunawa da ita a matsayin wani fim mai ban sha'awa. Bayan kusan shekaru ashirin a gaban kyamarori, nasarar fim ɗinta ta ragu a shekarun 1930. Swanson ta sami sabon yabo saboda dawowarta kan allo a matsayinta na Norma Desmond a cikin *Sunset Boulevard* . Ta sake yin wasu fina-finai uku kacal, amma ta fito a shirye-shiryen talabijin da dama, kuma ta yi rawar gani a cikin shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo na kan hanya.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Swanson a wani ƙaramin gida a Chicago a shekarar 1899, ɗa ɗaya tilo ga Adelaide (née Klanowski) da Joseph Theodore Swanson (né Svensson), soja.  Ta girma a cikin addinin Lutheran . Mahaifinta ɗan ƙasar Sweden ne kuma mahaifiyarta ta fito daga zuriyar Jamus, Ingilishi, Faransanci, da Poland.   Saboda ƙaunar da mahaifinta yake yi wa Sojojin Amurka, iyalin suna ƙaura akai-akai. Ta yi wasu daga cikin yarintarta a Key West, Florida, inda aka yi mata rajista a makarantar Katolika,  da kuma a Puerto Rico, inda ta ga hotunanta na farko. 

## Sana'a

### 1914–1918: Essanay/Keystone/Triangle

Iyalinta da ke zaune a Chicago, matashiyar Gloria ta fara sha'awar ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Francis X. Bushman kuma ta san yana aiki a Essanay Studios a birnin. Daga baya Swanson ya tuna cewa Goggon ta Inga ta kawo ta tana 'yar shekara 15 don ziyartar ɗakin Bushman, inda wani mai shirya yawon buɗe ido ya gano ta. Wasu labaran sun nuna cewa Swanson da kanta ta yi magana game da shiga harkar. A cikin kowane sigar, ba da daɗewa ba aka ɗauke ta aiki a matsayin ƙarin

Masana'antar fina-finai har yanzu tana cikin ƙuruciya, tana gabatar da gajerun batutuwa, ba tare da fa'idar hukumomin shirya fina-finai na yau da kuma wakilan hazaka da ke tallata sabbin abubuwan da suka gano ba. Karin da ta samu sau da yawa abu ne mai muhimmanci. Matsayinta na farko shi ne ɗan gajeren lokaci tare da jarumar Gerda Holmes, wanda ya biya kuɗi mai yawa (a wancan lokacin) $3.25.  Ba da daɗewa ba ɗakin studio ya ba ta aikin da ya dace akan $13.25 ( equivalent to $416 a shekarar 2024 ) a kowane mako.  [ 10 ] Swanson ta bar makaranta don yin aiki na cikakken lokaci a ɗakin studio.  A shekarar 1915, ta yi tare da jaruman fim ɗin *Sweedie Goes to College* tare da mijinta na farko Wallace Beery . 

Mahaifiyar Swanson ta raka ta zuwa California a shekarar 1916 saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin gajeren wandon barkwanci na Mack Sennett 's Keystone Studios tare da Bobby Vernon kuma Clarence G. Badger ya ba da umarni. Beery ya haɗu da su a tashar jirgin ƙasa, wanda ke bin burinsa na aiki a Keystone.  Vernon da Swanson sun yi hasashen wani kyakkyawan yanayin allo wanda ya shahara ga masu kallo. Darakta Charley Chase ya tuna cewa Swanson "ya tsorata har ya mutu" saboda mummunan wasan kwaikwayo na Vernon.  Fina-finan da suka tsira waɗanda suka fito tare sun haɗa da *The Danger Girl* (1916), *The Sultan's Wife* (1917), da *Teddy at the Throttle* (1917).   Badger ta yi matukar farin ciki da Swanson har ta ba da shawararta ga darakta Jack Conway don *Hukuncinta* da *You Can't Believe Everything* a shekarar 1918.   Triangle bai taɓa sanya Swanson a ƙarƙashin kwangila ba, amma ya ƙara albashinta zuwa $15 a mako. Lokacin da Famous Players–Lasky suka tuntube ta don ta yi aiki tare da Cecil B. DeMille, takaddamar shari'a da ta taso ta tilasta mata yin Triangle na tsawon watanni da dama. Ba da daɗewa ba, Triangle ta shiga cikin wani mawuyacin hali na kuɗi kuma ta ba DeMille aro Swanson don wasan barkwanci mai suna *"Don't Change Your Husband"* .  

## Manazarta