Ofishin Masu Kare Muhalli

**Ofishin Masu Tsaro na Muhallin** (EDO) kungiya ce ta Australiya wacce ke ƙarfafawa, kudade, da kuma samar da lauyoyi da tallafin shari'a don shari'a, sake fasalin doka, da kuma shiga cikin al'umma kan Canjin yanayi da batutuwan muhalli. EDO an kafa ta ne a ƙarshen 2019 tare da haɗuwa da ƙungiyoyi takwas daban-daban na jihohi da yankuna a cikin ƙungiya ɗaya ta ƙasa. Batutuwan da ke da sha'awa ga EDO sun haɗa da: canjin yanayi, bambancin halittu, ruwa, da al'ummomi masu lafiya.

EDO tana da ofisoshi takwas a Australia, a cikin: Adelaide, Brisbane, Cairns, Canberra, Darwin, Hobart, Perth da Sydney.

## Shari'a
EDO tana samun kuma tana wakiltar membobin jama'a da kungiyoyin muhalli a cikin shari'a wanda ke neman kare bambancin halittu, al'ummomin yankin da kuma wuraren da suka dace da Australia.

Lauyoyin EDO sun shiga cikin wasu manyan canjin yanayi na Ostiraliya da yaƙe-yaƙe na shari'ar muhalli, daga ma'adinin Adani da hakowa a cikin Babban Australian Bight, zuwa kare whales a cikin Antarctic.

## Canjin doka
Lauyoyin EDO a kai a kai suna gabatar da shirye-shirye game da bangarorin sake fasalin dokar muhalli kuma suna shiga cikin binciken Tarayya da Gwamnatin Jiha da hanyoyin shawarwari. EDO ta ba da shawarar sosai don canje-canje ga Dokar Kare Muhalli da Dokar Kare Muhimmanci don kare namun daji na musamman da shimfidar wurare na Australiya daga barazanar da ke gudana.

## Haɗin kai na al'umma
EDO tana gudanar da bita, tarurruka da webinars don sanar da jama'a game da yadda za su shiga cikin tsarin shari'a da amfani da doka don kare muhalli. Kungiyar tana samar da takardun shaida game da al'amuran dokar muhalli kuma takardar labarai ta Insight ta mako biyu tana nuna damar shiga cikin yanke shawara na gwamnati.

### ''Gloucester Resources Limited v Ministan Shirye-shiryen [2019] NSWLEC 7''
A watan Fabrairun 2019, EDO (a matsayin EDO NSW) ta sami nasara ta shari'a, tare da kin amincewa da ma'adinin kwal na Rocky Hill da aka tsara a yankin New South Wales Upper Hunter. Wani muhimmin abu a cikin nasarar shine tasirin ma'adinai akan hayakin gas da canjin yanayi.

### ''Ayyukan kwal na Bylong (SSD 6367) ''
EDO (a matsayin EDO NSW) ta wakilci ƙungiyar al'umma ta cikin gida, Bylong Valley Protection Alliance, a cikin adawa da yankan tan miliyan 6.5 a kowace shekara da ma'adinai na karkashin kasa - wanda za a gina shi a wani yanki da aka sani da kyawawan abubuwan da ke faruwa da aikin gona. Hukumar Shirye-shiryen Mai Zaman Kanta ta gano cewa ma'adinin da aka tsara zai sami tasirin da ba a yarda da shi ba a kan ruwan kasa kuma ba za a iya dawo da yankin tare da irin wannan yanayin ba, al'adun gargajiya da dabi'un halitta bayan an rufe ma'adinai.

Abu mai mahimmanci, kwamitin ya ambaci shari'ar Rocky Hill a cikin yanke shawara, yana kwatanta hayaki daga kwal din ma'adinai a matsayin 'matsala'. Ya ce ma'adinin ba ya cikin sha'awar jama'a saboda ya saba wa ka'idodin daidaito tsakanin tsararraki.

### ''Cibiyar Muhalli Yankin Arewa da Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Yankin Arewa''
A cikin shari'a ta farko a cikin 2019, Cibiyar Muhalli ta Arewacin Yankin (ECNT), wanda EDO (a matsayin EDO NT) ta wakilta, ta kalubalanci izinin ba da izinin share fiye da hekta 20,000 na tsire-tsire na Arewacin Yunin a tashar Maryfield, gami da yanayin canjin yanayi. Wannan shari'ar da ta samu nasara ta nuna ikon al'umma na rike gwamnatoci don yin lissafin yanke shawara.

### ''Ralphs Bay Tasmania''
Daga 2008 zuwa 2010, EDO (a matsayin EDO Tasmania) ta wakilci ƙungiyar al'umma, Save Ralphs Bay Inc, a kan wani tsari na gidaje na tashar jiragen ruwa 460 da ci gaban tashar jiragen sama a yankin kiyayewa a Lauderdale. Wannan zai kasance na farko canal estate tayin a Tasmania.

### ''Mackay Conservation Group Vs Commonwealth na Ostiraliya''
A cikin 2015, EDO (a matsayin EDO NSW) ya sami nasarar kalubalantar amincewar Gwamnatin Tarayya game da ma'adinin kwal na Carmichael a tsakiyar Queensland, a madadin Mackay Conservation Group (MCG). An ci shari'ar ne saboda gazawar Ministan Muhalli na Tarayya na yin la'akari da shawarar kiyayewa da aka amince da ita ga Yakka Skink da Ornamental Snake. Tare da yardar bangarorin, Kotun ta yi watsi da shawarar Ministan saboda shawarar da ya yanke ba daidai ba ne. MCG ya kuma yi zargin cewa Ministan Muhalli na Tarayya ya kasa yin la'akari da tasirin ma'adinin Carmichael a kan Babban Barrier Reef lokacin da ya amince da aikin.

### ''Humane Society International Inc v Kyodo Senpaku Kaisha Ltd''
Yin aiki a madadin abokin ciniki Humane Society International - Australia (HSI), EDO (a matsayin EDO NSW) ya fara daukar mataki a kan kamfanin kifi na Japan Kyodo Senpaku Kaisha Ltd (Kyodo) a cikin 2004, don dakatar da shi daga kifi a keta Dokar Kare Muhalli da Kare Muhalli ta Australia 1999 (Cth) (EPBC Act).

Kyodo ta mallaki jiragen ruwa da ke gudanar da kifi a cikin Australian Whale Sanctuary don shirin Binciken Kifi na Japan. Akwai shaidar cewa Kyodo ya kashe 3,558 minke whales da 13 fin whales tun daga 2000/2001, tare da mafi yawan waɗannan kashe-kashen da ke faruwa a cikin Wuri Mai Tsarki. Shaidar ta kuma nuna cewa Kyodo ya yi niyyar fara shan kifi a cikin kakar 2007/2008.

### ''Gidauniyar Kare Kariya ta Australiya Incorporated v Woodside Energy Ltd''
EDO ta wakilci Gidauniyar Kare Gidauniya ta Australiya (ACF) a cikin shari'ar da aka yi wa Woodside Energy, wanda aka fara a ranar 21 ga Yuni, 2022, kuma yana da niyyar hana aikin iskar gas na Scarborough saboda yiwuwar tasirin yanayi a kan Babban Barrier Reef. Wannan shari'ar ta nuna sabon guguwa a cikin shari'ar yanayi ta Australiya da aka mayar da hankali kan ayyukan gas kuma ta kawo bincike ga NOPSEMA da Dokar EPBC. An dakatar da shari'ar a ranar 20 ga watan Agusta, 2024. 

## EDOs na Ostiraliya
Ofisoshin Masu Tsaro na Muhalli (EDOs) na Ostiraliya an kafa su ne a cikin 1996 kuma sun kunshi cibiyoyin shari'ar muhalli guda tara da aka kafa da kuma gudanar da su a cikin Jihohi da Yankin Ostiraliya. A cikin 2014, EDO Victoria ta bar don kafa Adalci na Muhalli Australia .

A cikin 2019, EDOs guda takwas na Ostiraliya sun amince da haɗuwa cikin ƙungiya ɗaya ta ƙasa, Ofishin Masu Tsaro na Muhalli (EDO Ltd).

## Kudade da albarkatu
**Ofisoshin masu kare muhalli (EDOs) na Ostiraliya** ƙungiya ce mai rijista kuma tana da kudaden shiga na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 13.3 na Ostiralika a cikin shekara ta kudi ta 2022/23, wanda aka samo asali ne daga gudummawa da gado, da tallafi. EDO ta ayyana dala miliyan 3.7 a cikin "taimako na kasashen waje" a cikin 2022/23, gami da Gidauniyar Swiss Oak, kungiyar American Earthjustice, Gidauniya ta Waverley Street, Gidaunin KR na Danish da Gidaunin Yanayi na Turai. 

EDO ta ayyana ma'aikatan FTE 105 da masu sa kai sama da 100, tare da $ 11.7M (AUD) da aka kashe akan kuɗin ma'aikata. EDO ba ta raba cikakkun bayanai game da tallafi ko masu ba da gudummawa, amma sun gode wa masu ba da agaji ciki har da Gidauniyar Graeme Wood, Gidauniyoyin Lenko Family, da Gidaunin McKinnon Family. EDO kuma tana karɓar wasu kudade daga gwamnatocin jihohi da yankuna daban-daban don aikin samar da damar yin adalci da ayyukan shari'a ga mutane a cikin al'ummar Australiya.

Kudin EDO ya kasance batun siyasa ne sosai a Ostiraliya, tare da gwamnatoci masu ra'ayin mazan jiya galibi suna kallon kungiyoyin kare muhalli a matsayin cikas ga ci gaban tattalin arziki da bukatun masana'antu. Wannan ya haifar da raguwar kudade, kamar yadda Gwamnatin Abbott ta kashe kudade na EDO a cikin 2013. 

Koyaya, Gwamnatin Albania daga baya ta dawo da kudaden tarayya. A cikin kasafin kudin tarayya na 2022, Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Labor ta ba da dala miliyan 9.8 a cikin shekaru hudu ga EDO Australia don " inganta damar samun adalci da taimakon shari'a ga 'yan Australia da ke son tabbatar da dokokin muhalli da kare muhalli na Australia da al'adunsu". 

A cikin 2024, Shugaban Jam'iyyar adawa Peter Dutton ya ba da sanarwar shirye-shiryen sake kashe kudade na EDO idan hadin gwiwar ta lashe zaben tarayya mai zuwa.  Kungiyar masana'antar man fetur da iskar gas ta Australiya Masu samar da makamashi sun goyi bayan shirye-shiryen hadin gwiwa.

## Tattaunawar Munkara da Santos
A ranar 15 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2024, an yanke hukunci mai mahimmanci a cikin Kotun Tarayyar Australiya, Munkara v Santos NA Barossa Pty Ltd .  Ofishin Masu Tsaro na Muhalli (EDO) ya wakilci Munkara, amma binciken da Mai Shari'a Charlesworth ya yi ya haifar da damuwa game da halin EDO a cikin shari'ar. 

Alkalin Charlesworth ya sami shaidar yiwuwar tsangwama ta EDO a cikin shari'ar, yana mai nuna cewa shaidar da aka gabatar "ba ta da aminci da za a iya sanya nauyi ba". Ta nuna damuwa cewa "wasu maganganu da ayyukan EDO sun kasance "suna karkatarwa da kuskuren abin da mai ba da labari na asali ya fada," tilasta mata kusanci shaidar su da taka tsantsan. Daga ƙarshe, Santos ya yi nasara a cikin shari'ar kuma an ba shi kuɗin. A ranar 24 ga Nuwamba 2024 an umarci EDO da ta biya dala miliyan 9 ga Santos saboda alƙalin ya yanke hukuncin cewa ba su da nuna bambanci kuma sun shiga cikin "wani nau'i na horo mai zurfi", kuma yadda ya kamata ya zama ɓangare na shari'ar.

Hukuncin ya haifar da muhawara game da rawar da EDO ke takawa da kuma amfani da kudaden gwamnati ga irin waɗannan kungiyoyi. Firayim Ministan Yammacin Australia, Roger Cook, ya lakafta shari'a "dokokin muhalli" da nufin rushe sabbin kamfanonin albarkatu. Tsohon ministan ma'aikata Joel Fitzgibbon ya sake maimaita waɗannan zarge-zarge, yana jayayya cewa taimakon shari'a ga masu gwagwarmaya yana cutar da tattalin arzikin Australiya kuma ya kamata a soke shi. "Da fatan al'umma da yawa sun fara ganin dokar gwagwarmaya game da abin da yake, akidar da barazana ga yanayin rayuwarmu" ya bayyana.

Duk da yake bita na sashen ya wanke kungiyar daga duk wani keta tsarin tallafin gwamnati, duka 'yan adawa na tarayya da na Yammacin Australia sun yi alkawarin rage kudade na EDO idan aka zabe su.

## Haɗin kai

* Dokar muhalli
* Ofishin Masu Kare Muhalli na NSW
* Ofishin Masu Kare Muhalli Qld

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje