Garin canji

Kalmomin garin sauyawa, **Shirin sauyawa** da **Tsarin sauyawa** suna nufin ayyukan al'umma waɗanda ke da niyyar kara wadatar kansu don rage yiwuwar tasirin man fetur,  lalacewar yanayi, da rashin kwanciyar hankali na tattalin arziki  ta hanyar sabunta dabarun yanki, musamman game da samar da abinci da amfani da makamashi. A shekara ta 2005, kafa garin Transition Town Totnes a Ingila ya zama wahayi ga wasu kungiyoyi don kafawa. An kafa kungiyar agaji ta Transition Network a farkon shekara ta 2007, don tallafawa waɗannan ayyukan. Yawancin kungiyoyin suna yin rajista a hukumance tare da Cibiyar Sadarwa. An fara shirye-shiryen sauyawa a wurare a duniya, tare da mutane da yawa a Ingila da sauransu a Turai, Arewacin Amurka da Ostiraliya. Duk da yake manufofi sun kasa iri ɗaya, hanyoyin da za a yi amfani da su na sauyawa takamaiman ne dangane da halaye na yankin.

## Magana
Kalmar, "birni mai sauyawa" ta samo asali ne daga Louise Rooney  da Catherine Dunne .

Ana iya amfani da tsarin sauyawa ga nau'ikan wurare daban-daban inda mutane ke zaune, kamar ƙauyuka, yankuna, tsibirai da garuruwa. Kalmar gaba ɗaya ita ce "ƙaddamar da sauyawa", wanda ya haɗa da unguwanni, al'ummomi, da birane, kodayake "birni na sauyawa" ana amfani dashi.

## Tarihi

### Daga Kinsale zuwa Totnes

A shekara ta 2004, mai tsara permaculture Rob Hopkins ya sa ɗalibansa a Kwalejin Ci gaba da Ilimi ta Kinsale aikin yin amfani da ka'idodin permaculture ga manufar man fetur. Sakamakon wannan aikin dalibi shine 'Kinsale Energy Descent Action Plan'. 

Wannan ya kalli sauye-sauye masu kirkirar abubuwa a fannonin samar da makamashi, kiwon lafiya, ilimi, tattalin arziki da noma a matsayin "map na hanya" zuwa makomar gari. Biyu daga cikin ɗalibansa, Louise Rooney da Catherine Dunne, sun haɓaka ra'ayin *Garuruwan canji*. Daga nan sai suka gabatar da ra'ayoyinsu ga Majalisar Birnin Kinsale, inda 'yan majalisa suka yanke shawarar karɓar shirin kuma suyi aiki don samun' yancin makamashi.

Hopkins ya koma garinsu na Totnes, Ingila, inda shi da Naresh Giangrande suka haɓaka waɗannan ra'ayoyin a cikin tsarin sauyawa. A farkon shekara ta 2006, an kafa garin Transition Town Totnes kuma ya zama wahayi don kafa wasu shirye-shiryen Transition.

### An kafa cibiyar sadarwa ta sauyawa

A farkon 2007, [1] Transition Network UK sadaka ta kasance tare da haɗin gwiwar malamin permaculture Rob Hopkins, Peter Lipman da Ben Brangwyn. Bisa ga Totnes, an ƙaddamar da shi don tallafawa shirye-shiryen Canjin da ke tasowa a duniya. Yana horarwa da tallafawa mutanen da ke da hannu a cikin ayyukan da kuma yada ra'ayoyin garuruwan mika mulki.[2]

### Tun daga shekara ta 2008 har  zuwa yau
A cikin shekara ta 2008, yawan al'ummomin da ke cikin aikin ya karu tare da yankuna da yawa a cikin aiwatar da zama "garin hukuma". Wannan kuma shine shekarar da aka buga littafin Transition Handbook.

Shirin ya bazu kuma a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2010 akwai shirye-shiryen al'umma sama da 400 da aka amince da su a matsayin garuruwan canji na hukuma a Ingila, Ireland, Kanada, Australia, New Zealand, Amurka, Italiya da Chile. Kalmar sauyawa ta zama gama gari don nuna kewayon da nau'in al'ummomin da ke ciki - misali ƙauyuka (Kinsale), unguwanni na birane (Portobello, Edinburgh), ta hanyar gundumomin majalisa (Penwith) zuwa birane da birane (Brixton).

Ya zuwa watan Satumbar Shekarar 2013, akwai kungiyoyi 1130 da aka yi rajista (462 Official, 654 Muller) a cikin kasashe 43.

Ya zuwa Mayun shekarar 2024 akwai kungiyoyi 992 da aka yi rajista da kuma cibiyoyi 21 

## Tasiri
Tasirin ya haɗa da ra'ayoyin permaculture  kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin Bill Mollison's Permaculture, a Designers Manual (a shekarar 1988) da David Holmgren's PerMaculture: Principles and Pathways Beyond Sustainability (a shekarar 2003),  da kuma aikin David Fleming akan al'umma, al'adu da juriya. 

## Ƙungiya
Kowace ƙungiyar sauyawa tana da babban matakin cin gashin kanta. Koyaya, don a kira shi shirin hukuma dole ne a cika wasu ka'idoji. Bugu da ƙari, babu wani abu da zai dakatar da shirin 'ba bisa hukuma ba' ta amfani da ra'ayoyin da garuruwan Transition suka yi wahayi zuwa gare su. Bugu da ƙari, akwai 'hubs' daban-daban don daidaita aiki a matakin yanki.

Cibiyoyin da kungiyoyi suna wakiltar su a shafin yanar gizon kungiyoyin Transition 

### Cibiyar Sadarwa
Cibiyar Tsaro (TN) ƙungiya ce ta sadaka ta Burtaniya da aka kafa don tallafawa shirye-shiryen Tsaro. Ya wallafa littattafai da fina-finai, horar da mutane da sauƙaƙe hanyar sadarwa. Gidan yanar gizon TN ya ƙunshi jerin abubuwan da suka yi rajista, wasu daga cikinsu an amince da su a hukumance.

An fassara wasu daga cikin kayan kuma an daidaita su zuwa wasu harsuna / al'adu, gami da Portuguese, Danish, Jamusanci, Dutch, Mutanen Espanya, Faransanci, Hungarian, Italiyanci, Jafananci da Irish.

TN ta gudanar da tarurruka bakwai: Nailsworth (2007), Royal Agriculture College, Cirencester (2008), Battersea Arts Center (2009), Dame Hannah's a Seale Hayne (2010), Hope University, Liverpool (2011), Battersea Art Center (2012)  da Dame Hannah'n a Seale hayne (2015). 

### Canji Tare (UK)
Wani aikin da ake kira Transition Together  ya wanzu don tallafawa kungiyoyi a cikin Burtaniya. Tana karɓar kuɗi daga asusun al'umma na Lottery na Kasa 

Transition Together tana gudanar da dandalin sadarwar jama'a da ake kira Vive don tallafawa aiki a Burtaniya 

### Canjin Amurka
A Amurka, an fara shirye-shiryen sauyawa a cikin al'ummomi da yawa. Canjin Amurka ita ce cibiyar ƙasa tare da hangen nesa, "cewa kowane al'umma a Amurka zai shiga cikin ƙirar ta gaba don fitar da canji mai ban mamaki da tarihi zuwa makomar da ba ta da burbushin burbushin halittu; makomar da ta fi ƙarfi, mai yawa da juriya; wanda ya fi dacewa da yanzu".

Manufar da aka bayyana na Transition US ita ce ta zama hanya da kuma "mai haɓaka don gina al'ummomi masu ƙarfi a duk faɗin Amurka waɗanda ke iya tsayayya da makamashi mai tsanani, yanayi, ko girgizar tattalin arziki yayin ƙirƙirar ingancin rayuwa a cikin tsari". Suna shirin cimma wannan ta hanyar "karfafawa, ƙarfafawa, tallafawa, sadarwar da horar da mutane da al'ummominsu yayin da suke la'akari, karɓa, daidaitawa, da aiwatar da tsarin sauyawa ga karfafawa da canji na al'umma".

An kuma kafa shafukan yanar gizo da yawa ta hanyar amfani da dandalin sadarwar jama'a na Ning. Wadannan shafukan yanar gizo na jihar, a karkashin laima na shafin Ning na kasa, an kafa su ne don taimakawa sauƙaƙe, cibiyar sadarwa, sanar da, saka idanu, da kuma gidajen ayyukan sauyawa na yanki da ƙungiyoyi. Don haka, ci gaba da yaduwar motsi na sauyawa yayin da kungiyoyi masu alaƙa da hanyar sadarwa, ayyukan, ra'ayoyi da ayyukan.

### Jagora ga sababbin kungiyoyi
Wasu ayyukan suna amfani da jagorar TN 'samshi 12', ko 'samshin da aka sake sabuntawa', lokacin da suke kafa ƙungiyar su.

## Abubuwan da ke ciki
Manufar Cibiyar Tsaro (TN) ita ce inganta wayar da kan jama'a game da Rayuwa mai ɗorewa da gina ƙarfin muhalli na gida.

### Mafi girman man fetur da juriya na cikin gida
Littafin Gudanar da Canji: Daga Dependency na Man Fetur zuwa Resilience na Gida ta Rob Hopkins ta samar da yawancin tsarin da ke bayan Shirin Canji kuma ta tsara hanyoyin da garuruwan Canji na gida za su shiga.

### Sufuri
 
The Transition Network yana ƙarfafa al'ummomi don neman hanyoyin rage amfani da makamashi da kuma rage dogaro da su akan dogon sarkar samarwa wanda gaba ɗaya ya dogara da man fetur don abubuwa masu mahimmanci  (duba lissafin muhalli).

### Samar da abinci
A cewar The Transition abinci babban yanki ne na sauyawa, wani lokacin ana amfani da taken "Food feet, not food miles". Shirye-shiryen zuwa yanzu sun haɗa da ƙirƙirar lambunan al'umma ko maye gurbin shuke-shuke masu ban sha'awa tare da 'ya'yan itace ko itatuwan kwai don shuka abinci.

### Sharar gida da sake amfani da shi
Business waste exchange seeks to match the waste of one industry with another industry that uses that waste material, sometimes referred to as industrial symbiosis. It is suggested that this process can help companies increase profitability by reducing raw material and waste disposal cost, reducing carbon emission, making their by-products a source of revenue to be bought by other business. &#x5B;**&#x5D; It also suggests that repairing old items rather than throwing them away should be considered.

### Ilimin halayyar dan adam
Cibiyar Sadarwa ta ba da shawarar madadin daga kasuwanci kamar yadda aka saba, ko kuma daga halayen 'masu girgiza / rushewa' zuwa mafi girman man fetur da ƙarshen ci gaban tattalin arziki mara iyaka. A cewar Southend-on-Sea a cikin Canji,

:: ta hanyar canza tunaninmu za mu iya gane zamanin mai mai mai zuwa a matsayin dama maimakon barazana, da kuma tsara shekarun carbon na gaba don ci gaba, mai juriya da wadata - wani wuri mafi kyau don rayuwa fiye da al'adun masu amfani da mu na yanzu wanda ya dogara da haɗama, yaƙi da almara na ci gaba. "

Wani jigon Cibiyar Sadarwa shine ya amince da tasirin motsin rai na canzawa zuwa duniyar da ba ta da makamashi. Wasu kungiyoyin Transition Network suna da kungiyoyin 'Heart and Soul' don kallon wannan bangare.

Ayyukan ilimin halayyar dan adam sun sake fasalin su kamar yadda suke ciki  sun ci gaba har zuwa shekara ta 2024

### Shirye-shiryen aiki na saukowar makamashi (EDAP)
Garuruwan canji suna da niyyar rage dogaro da man fetur, kuma wata hanyar da suke yin hakan ita ce ta hanyar bunkasa shirin aikin saukowar makamashi (EDAP). Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin yanayin Totnes, an bayyana kalmar "al'umma" gabaɗaya don haɗawa da mutanen yankin, cibiyoyin gida, hukumomin gida da majalisa. Ci gaban EDAP yana buƙatar shiga cikin ayyukan gida a matakai daban-daban. An kirkiro cikakken shirin farko ga Totnes a cikin shekara ta 2010, mai taken Transition in Action: Totnes & District 2030.

A Faransa, inda ake kiran motsi Villes et Territoires en Transition, kungiyar négaWatt tana ba da goyon baya ga motsi na sauyawa.

### Tattalin Arziki
Bayan rikicin kudi na shekara ta 2008, Cibiyar Sadarwa ta kara rashin kwanciyar hankali na kudi a matsayin ƙarin barazana ga al'ummomin yankin (tare da man fetur da canjin yanayi). Ya ba da shawarar dabaru da yawa zasu iya taimakawa, gami da ƙididdigar kuɗi  da samar da abinci na gida.  Bugu da ƙari, ya ga ƙirƙirar kuɗin da ke da alaƙa na cikin gida kamar yadda yake ƙarfafa motsi zuwa ga tattalin arzikin carbon mai ɗorewa da kuma kasancewa mai fa'ida ga jama'a. Bugu da ƙari, Hopkins ya kuma rubuta cewa motsi yana da fahimtar tattalin arzikin duniya kuma yana da mahimmanci game da matsalolin tsarinsa kamar kasancewa "tushen girma".

Wasu garuruwan canji sun shiga cikin ƙaddamar da kudaden gida ciki har da Totnes pound, Lewes pound, Stroud pound da Brixton pound.

Don taimakawa ci gaba da waɗannan manufofi Cibiyar Sadarwa ta kafa aikin REconomy, a kusa da shekara ta 2012.

An ƙaddamar da shi a cikin shekara ta 2007, Totnes pound, wanda za'a iya fansar shi a cikin shaguna da kasuwanni na gida, ya taimaka wajen rage mil na abinci yayin da yake tallafawa kamfanonin gida.

A shekara ta 2008, garuruwa uku na Welsh sun yi la'akari da ra'ayin, gami da Cardiff.

Stroud pound da Totnes pound sun ƙare a cikin shekara ta 2013 da shekarar 2019 bi da bi. Ya zuwa Nuwamban shekarar 2019, Lewes pound da Brixton pound suna aiki.

## A cikin al'adun gargajiya
An nuna garuruwan canji a cikin layin mãkirci na jerin shirye-shiryen BBC Radio 4 na dogon lokaci The Archers . Wannan misali ne na kulawar kafofin watsa labarai na yau da kullun da motsi ya samu 'yan shekaru bayan an kafa shi. Motsi na sauyawa da aka nuna a fim din  a shekara ta 2015 Gobe 

## Littattafai

### Littattafai
An buga littattafai da yawa a kan takamaiman batutuwa, gami da: yadda al'ummomi zasu iya bunkasa shirin garin Transition. Sai dai idan aka bayyana, an buga littattafai masu zuwa a matsayin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Green Books da Transition Network (a ƙarƙashin lakabin Transition Books): 

* *Littafin Juyin Juya Hanyar: daga dogaro da mai zuwa juriya ta gida* (2008) - na Rob Hopkins 
* Tsarin Lokaci na Canji: don cikin gida, mai jimrewa (2009) - na Shaun Chamberlin 
* Abinci na gida: yadda za a sa ya faru a cikin al'ummarku (2009) - ta Tamzin Pinkerton da Rob Hopkins 
* *Kudin Gida: yadda za a sa ya faru a cikin al'ummarku* (2010) - na Peter North 
* *Gidaje masu dorewa na gida: yadda za a sa su faru a cikin al'ummarku* (2010) - na Chris Bird
* *Al'ummomi, majalisun da makomar carbon mai ƙarancin abin da za mu iya yi idan gwamnatoci ba za su yi ba* (2010) - na Alexis Rowell 
* Canji a cikin Aiki: Totnes & Gundumar 2030 - EDAP (2010) Canjin garin Totnes - (wanda aka rubuta) na Jacqi Hodgson tare da Rob Hopkins 
* *Abokin Canji: sa al'ummarku ta fi jurewa a lokutan da ba a sani ba* (2011) - na Rob Hopkins
* The Power of Just Doing Stuff (2013) - by Rob Hopkins

A shekara ta 2008, littafin Transition Handbook shine littafi na 5 mafi mashahuri da aka dauka a hutu a lokacin hutun bazara da 'yan majalisa na Burtaniya suka dauka. 

### Fim din
An kirkiro fina-finai biyu ta hanyar motsi game da motsi. Sun rubuta ci gaban shirye-shirye daban-daban:

* *A cikin Canji 1.0*.0 (2009) 
* A cikin Transition 2.0 (2012) Emma Goude (Darakta), Transition Network da Green Lane Films (Production) 

## Tattaunawa da bincike
A shekara ta 2008, kungiyar Trapese Collective ta wallafa wani zargi da ake kira The Rocky Road to a Real Transition wanda Hopkins ya amsa. Tattaunawar ta kasance wani bangare game da yadda ake kawo canjin zamantakewa.

An buga takardun ilimi da yawa suna kallon ci gaban manufar:

* 
* 

## Dubi kuma
 

### Littattafai

* *Rayuwa A Nan Gaba*
* *Ikon Ruwa*
* *Samun nasarar Wasanni na Man Fetur*

### Ƙungiyoyin

* Abincin Green
* Open Source Ecology
* Sabon Tattalin Arziki
* Sabon Tattalin Arziki

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Cibiyar Sadarwa
* Canjin Amurka
* Shirin Tattalin Arziki