Kasuwancin mulkin mallaka

**Green imperialism** (wanda kuma ake kira eco-imperialism, eco-colonialism, ko muhalli imperialism) wani ra'ayi ne mai banƙyama wanda ke nuni da abin da ake ɗauka a matsayin dabarun Yamma don rinjayar al'amuran cikin gida na yawancin Kasashe masu tasowa da sunan muhalli.

## Magana
Ra'ayi mai shakku game da rahoton Brundtland da manyan 'yan Duniya ta Uku suka taƙaita shi a matsayin mulkin mallaka na kore ta Helge Ole Bergesen a cikin 1988.  A cikin 1999, Deepak Lal ya yi amfani da kalmar tare da ma'anar iri ɗaya a cikin littafinsa Green Imperialism: A Prescription for Misery and War in the World's Poorest Countries .  Duk da haka, ana amfani da wannan kalmar daban a cikin littafin Richard Grove na 1995 Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism 1600-1860. A cikin littafin Grove, yana nufin tasirin tsibirai masu zafi na Utopia akan masana kimiyya na Turai wanda ke haifar da muhalli na farko.

Magana ta farko game da kalmar *mulkin mallaka na muhalli* ko mulkin mallaka ya bayyana dangane da musayar bashi ga yanayi tun daga shekara ta 1989.  An ji tsoron cewa duk da haka shirye-shiryen kare muhalli masu kyau za a iya ɗauka a matsayin masu shiga tsakani da kuma mulkin mallaka. Kafa wuraren shakatawa na kasa a Afirka a wasu lokuta ya haifar da talauci da ƙaurawar jama'ar yankin.

Eco-imperialism (ko ecoimperialism ) shine asalin taƙaitaccen ga *mulkin mallaka na muhalli*, ra'ayi da Alfred Crosby ya tsara a cikin littafinsa mai suna, amma ya canza ma'anarsa bayan da aka buga littafin Paul Driessen's *Eco-Imperialism: Green Power Black Death* a shekara ta 2003.  Tsayar da muhalli na Crosby shine tsangwama tare da mummunar tasiri a kan yanayin ƙasashe da aka yi niyya, yayin da tsayar da mujallar Driessen shine tsangwama da mummunari tasiri a kan tattalin arziki a cikin sunan inganta muhalli.

## Amfani da kalmar
A lokacin Yaƙin Seattle a cikin 1999, kafofin watsa labarai sun gabatar da muhalli a matsayin sabon nau'in mulkin mallaka. Kasashe masu arziki, masu tasowa suna sanya abubuwan da suka fi so da kuma fifiko ga kasashe masu tasowa.

Gwamnatocin Turai da yawa sun ba da sanarwar kauracewa katako na Malaysia saboda lalacewar gandun daji a Malaysia kamar yadda Mahathir Mohamad ya wallafa a 1999. Firayim Ministan Malaysia, Mahathir Mohamed, ya yi adawa da kauracewa, yana jayayya cewa "ba mu amfani da gandun daji ba tare da wani dalili mai kyau ba. Muna buƙatar kuɗi. Dole ne mu fitar da itace saboda muna buƙatar musayar kasashen waje ba tare da abin da ba za mu iya saya ba". Hukumar Kula da Raya Kasa ta Tarayya (FELDA) ta zargi Tarayyar Turai da "mallaka ta tattalin arziki" don hana man dabino a cikin man fetur nan da shekarar 2020, don dakatar da sare daji. Wani wakilin FELDA ya ce: "Wannan irin halin mulkin mallaka ne, fararen mutumin da ke tilasta mana mulkin su daga nesa. " A cikin 2022, Malaysia ta yi barazanar dakatar da fitar da man dabino zuwa EU a matsayin martani ga sabbin ka'idoji game da sare daji.

A shekara ta 2009, Jamus ta kira shawarar Faransanci na harajin carbon a matsayin mulkin mallaka. A lokacin, farashin greenhouse ya sadu da adawa mai karfi daga kasashe masu tasowa kamar Indiya da China, tunda waɗannan farashin zasu shafi fitar da su.

## Dangantaka da neoliberalism
Wani lokaci ana bayyana mulkin mallaka na muhalli a matsayin haɗuwa da muhalli na duniya da kuma manyan abubuwan da suka shafi Neoliberal. Ana ganin mulkin mallaka na muhalli ya haifar da manufofin sayarwa na duk albarkatun duniya. Wannan yanayin cinikayya na yanayi don burin muhalli an kuma san shi da *"sayar da yanayi don adana shi"* ko kama kore. Kwamitin kawar da bashin da ba bisa ka'ida ba ya ambaci Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Ouarzazate a matsayin misali na irin wannan kama kore, wanda aka gina ba tare da sanar da al'ummomin da ke kewaye da shi ba a kan ƙasar makiyaya kuma zai fitar da wasu makamashi zuwa Turai.

## Tattaunawar siyasa da bincike
Muryoyin masu sukar suna raina muhalli a matsayin uzuri don hana ci gaban tattalin arziki na Kasashe masu tasowa. Masu sukar suna ganin madadin hanyoyin samar da makamashi har zuwa gaskiya, da kuma burbushin burbushin halittu a matsayin mabuɗin fitar da dukkan jama'a daga talauci. Kasashe masu tasowa, karkashin jagorancin Brazil, Indiya da Singapore, sun yi tsayayya da cinikin duniya tare da kula da gurɓataccen yanayi a cikin 1994, suna kiransu ɓoyayyen kariya, wanda zai ci gaba da aiki a cikin ƙasashe masu tasoma kuma ya hana ƙasashe matalauta fa'idodi na gasa. Aikin kungiyoyin kare muhalli ana kiransa neo-colonialism da eco-imperialism a cikin 2022 ta Japan, Peru, Afirka ta Kudu, Kenya da Bolivia. Eco-imperialism yana aiki ne a matsayin ma'anar wulakanci.  h

## Manazarta