Helen Willa Samuels

**Helen Willa Samuels** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1943) Masaniyar tarihin Amurka ce kuma masanin ilimin tarihin. An fi saninta da rubutun ta na 1986 "Wane ne ke sarrafa abubuwan da suka gabata", wanda ya gabatar da manufar dabarun rubuce-rubuce na tarihi, da kuma littafinta na 1992 Varsity Letters: Documenting Modern Colleges and Universities.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Helen Samuels a Queens, Birnin New York, a cikin 1943. Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin fasaha daga Kwalejin Queens a 1964 da kuma Masters a fannin kimiyyar ɗakin karatu daga Kwaleji ta Simmons a 1965. Ta fara aikinta a cikin ɗakunan karatu a 1967 a matsayin Masanin Kiɗa a ɗakin karatu na jama'a na Massachusetts a Brookline, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin Mai Kula da Kiɗa a Laburaren Hilles a Kwalejin Radcliffe har zuwa 1972. 

A shekara ta 1972 Jami'ar Cincinnati ta hayar da ita don gudanar da shirin ajiyar su, wani ajiya da ke shiga cikin cibiyar sadarwar yankin Ohio Historical Society. A can ta yi aiki tare da malamai a sashen tarihi don ƙirƙirar tarihin jami'a na farko,  daga ƙarshe tana riƙe da matsayin Shugaban Tattalin Arziki na Musamman.  A shekara ta 1977, ta zama Cibiyar Tarihi ta farko a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts, inda ta gina tarin bayanan ma'aikata don yin rikodin tarihin jami'ar. Bisa ga kwarewarta a wannan matsayi kuma ta sami tallafin Gidauniyar Andrew W. Mellon, ta rubuta Wasikun Varsity: Rubuce-rubuce na Kwalejoji da Jami'o'i na zamani, wanda aka buga a shekarar 1992, kuma wanda ya sami lambar yabo ta Waldo Gifford Leland ta Society of American Archivists.

Matsayinta na karshe na sana'a ta kasance a MIT a matsayin Mataimakin Mataimakin Mai Gudanarwa. A wannan matsayin ta yi aiki a cikin bincike da rubuce-rubuce don manufofin harabar da batutuwan bayanai da yawa. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin malami, ta tuntubi wasu wuraren adana bayanai, kuma ta yi aiki a kungiyoyi masu sana'a da yawa kafin ta yi ritaya a shekara ta 2006. 

A cewar Jelain Chubb da Ben Primer, a lokacin aikinta Samuels ta kafa kanta a matsayin murya mai daraja a cikin ka'idar ajiya, musamman don ci gaban kimantawa a cikin yanayin ilimi da aikinta na sarrafa tarin da suka shafi kimiyya. Ta jaddada "tsarin rubuce-rubuce" don kimantawa da cin tarin da ya kunshi bincike da rubuce-buce na al'umma da cibiyoyinta a hanya mai aiki, tsari, da kuma cikakkiyar hanya.

## Babban gudummawa

### Shirye-shiryen rubuce-rubuce
Samuels ta gabatar da ra'ayin dabarun rubuce-rubuce a cikin labarinta na American Archivist "Wane ne ke sarrafa abubuwan da suka gabata". Duk da yake wuraren adana bayanai suna aiwatar da manufofin tattarawa na ɗan lokaci, ra'ayin dabarun takardun shine sabon tsarin ilimi don jagorantar aikin adana bayanai. Samuels ya bayyana dabarun takardun a matsayin "tsarin da aka tsara don tabbatar da takardun batun da ke gudana, aiki, ko yanki na ƙasa (misali, aikin gwamnatin jihar New York, ƙungiyoyin kwadago a Amurka, tasirin fasaha akan muhalli) ". Ganin cewa manufofin tattarawa suna sarrafa zaɓin kimantawa a cikin ɗakunan ajiya na mutum, dabarun takardun za su dogara da batun, suna sarrafa wannan tsari a cikin ɗakuna daban-daban. Samuels ya lura da muhimmancin hadin gwiwa tsakanin cibiyoyin da suka dace, kamar yadda kawai karamin ɓangaren bayanan ajiya za a iya adana su ta kowane ajiya.

### Binciken aiki na ma'aikata
Littafin Samuels na Varsity Letters: Documenting Modern Colleges and Universities ya zama gabatarwa ga ka'idarta na nazarin aiki na ma'aikata. Wannan ka'idar ta sake nazarin hanyar da aka fi sani da ita na sarrafa tarin da aka danganta da tsarin gudanarwa na ma'aikata kuma a maimakon haka ta nuna cewa masu adana bayanai na ma'aikatar ya kamata su aiwatar da rubuce-rubuce bisa ga aikinsu. Ta yi jayayya cewa ayyuka galibi ana yada su a fadin sassan jami'o'i da sauran cibiyoyi, don haka dole ne a aiwatar da bayanan ajiya bisa ga amfani da su. Ta ba da ayyuka bakwai na ma'aikata: ba da takaddun shaida, isar da ilimi, inganta zamantakewa, gudanar da bincike, tallafawa ma'aikata, samar da sabis na jama'a, da inganta al'adu. Kodayake Samuels ya rubuta wannan rubutun musamman ga kwalejoji da jami'o'i, an yi amfani da aikin ajiya na nazarin aiki na ma'aikata a wasu saitunan ma'aikata da yawa.

## Littattafan da aka zaɓa

* Manufar sarrafawa don Cibiyar Tarihi da Tattalin Arziki na Musamman, Litattafan MIT (Cambridge: Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts, 1981) 
* "An Analysis of Processing Procedures: The Adaptable Approach. " (tare da Karen T. Lynch), American Archivist 45 / Spring 1982
* "Wane ne ke sarrafa abubuwan da suka gabata" American Archivist Volume 49, Number 2 / Spring 1986
* "Tushen 128: Tsarin Bayani na Bayani" (tare da Philip N. Alexander), American Archivist 50 / Fall 1987
* "Hadin gwiwar farko na mai adana bayanai: Tsarin Bincike don Inganta Bayyanawa da Tsayawa da Rubuce-rubucen Darajar" (tare da Richard J. Cox), *Mai adana bayanai na Amurka* 51 / Winter / Spring 1988).
* Tarihin Tarihin Arewacin Amurka, "Taron Turai na biyu kan Ayyukan Tarihi, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1989 (Paris: Taron Duniya kan Tarihi, 1989) 
* . Chicago, Ill.: Society of American Archivists; Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1992  
* Inganta Yanayinmu: Shirye-shiryen Takaddun shaida, Archivaria 33 (Winter 1991-92): 125-40
* *[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/689858555 Gudanar da baya: rubuce-rubuce na al'umma da cibiyoyi: rubutun don girmama Helen Willa Samuels]* Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 2011

## Manazarta