open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Canjin yanayi a Tasmania

Canjin yanayi a Tasmania yana shafar mahalli da masana'antu daban-daban, gami da noma.

## Rashin iskar gas
Rashin hayaki na jihar ya kai tan miliyan 15.5 a shekara ta 2005 idan aka kwatanta da tan miliyan -4.34 a shekara ta 2022. Saboda yanayin bushewa, gwamnatin Tasmania ta shigo da karin makamashi na burbushin halittu a cikin 2024.

Tasmania ta kai net-zero a shekarar 2015. Tasmania tana daga cikin ƙananan iko a duniya wanda ke cire iskar gas daga sararin samaniya fiye da yadda yake fitarwa. Rage yawan katako shine babban abin da ke rage hayaki.

## Tasirin canjin yanayi

### dazuzzuka na Eucalypt
Canjin yanayi yana rage yawan da za a iya hana carbon ta bishiyoyin eucalyptus.

### Rage ruwan sama
Jimlar ruwan sama na rani ya ragu da kashi 43 cikin dari.

### Hadarin gobarar daji da hadarin gobarar
A cikin yanayin "mafi munin", haɗarin gobarar daji da ke faruwa zai "sau biyu". Wataƙila, gurɓataccen mercury daga shekarun da suka gabata kuma an adana shi a cikin bishiyoyi a Lokacin gobarar daji na 2019-2020. 

### Shuka ruwan inabi
Tasmania za ta zama mafi dacewa ga noma inabi yayin da yanayin zafi ya tashi, idan aka kwatanta da yankin Australia wanda zai zama mafi ƙarancin aikin inabi.

## Amsa

### Siyasa
A watan Yulin 2024, gwamnatin tarayya ta Australia ta amince da izinin iskar gas a cikin ruwa daga Tasmania.

Metro Tasmania ta gabatar da bas din lantarki da bas din hydrogen-cell a Hobart, kodayake daga baya aka dakatar da wannan.

### Shari'a

#### Dokar Canjin Yanayi (Ayyukan Jiha) 2008
 
Dokar ta buƙaci cewa Tasmania ta rage hayakin ta 60% nan da 2050 idan aka kwatanta da matakan 1990.

An yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar dokokin da suka dace a Kudancin Australia, dokar ta kuma buƙaci saita manufofi na wucin gadi ta Gwamnatin Tasmania.

Ba kamar sauran dokoki kamar Dokar Canjin Yanayi ba ta 2008, saitin manufofi na wucin gadi ba ne ke sarrafawa ta hanyar kungiya mai zaman kanta, daidai da Kwamitin Canjin Yanayin Yanayi. Kodayake an ba da shawarar a matsayin wani ɓangare na Dokar Yanayi Mai Tsaro, ta Tasmanian Greens.

Gwamnatin Tasmania ta kasa buga rahoton muhalli na 2009 da 2014 cewa ana buƙatar a ƙarƙashin Dokar.

## Manazarta
Ma'aikatar Muhalli, Sauyin Yanayi, Gudanar da Bala'i da Yanayi

Ma'aikatar Muhalli, Canjin Yanayi, Gudanar da Bala'i da Meteorology (MECDM) tana ɗaya daga cikin ma'aikatun gwamnati a cikin Gwamnatin Tsibirin Solomon . Yana da alhakin farko don tabbatar da kula da muhalli mai ɗorewa a cikin Solomons kuma yana aiki don tabbatar da sauyin yanayi da ragewa. 

Har ila yau, yana taka rawa a cikin kula da haɗarin bala'i da sabis na yanayi a Tsibirin Solomon.

### Shirye-shiryen
MECDM ya kunshi kashi huɗu masu zuwa: 

* Canjin yanayi
* Ayyukan kamfanoni
* Muhalli da Karewa
* Ayyukan Yanayi

## Manazarta
Yaƙin Agueddin

**Yaƙin Agueddin** ya faru ne tsakanin Masarautar Abdelkader da Daular Alaouite ta Maroko wanda ya faru a watan Disamba na shekara ta alif dari takwas da arbain da bakwai 1847.

## Ginshiki
An haramta wa Sarki Abdulkader bin yarjejiniyar da aka kulla da Tangier a Maroko.   Wannan ya haifar da jerin rikice-rikice tsakanin shi da sojojin Maroko inda aka aika da mai kisan kai a cikin ƙoƙari na kashe shi, waɗannan tashin hankali sun haifar da Yaƙin Oued Aslaf wanda ya haifar da nasarar Aljeriya.  

A ranar 9 ga watan Disamba sansanin Sarki Abdulkaders ya kasance a Agueddin, washegari an gargade shi game da sojojin Maroko na dakaru 50,000 da suka rabu zuwa ƙungiyoyi uku kuma 'ya'yan Abdulrahman guda biyu, Moulay Mohammed da Moulay Soliman ne suka jagoranci.

## Yaƙi
A ranar 11 ga watan Disamba Sarki Abdulkadir ya tara dakarun sojan doki kimanin 1,200 da sojan ƙasa kimanin 800 kuma ya shirya don yaƙi. Da daddare raƙuma da aka rufe da halfa, wanda aka nutse cikin tar da farar ana fitar da su a gaban ginshiƙi. Bayan ya yi tafiya na sa'o'i biyu, Abdelkader ya gamu da ƙungiyar Maroko ta farko, sai ya ƙone raƙuma da aka rufe da halfa kuma suka shiga kan sojan doki na Maroko. Maroko sun rikice, sun firgita kuma a ƙarshe sun ci nasara, sun watsar da alfarwarsu, makamai da kaya. Sarki Abdulkadir ya ci gaba kuma ya yi mamaki sannan ya ci rukuni na biyu na Maroko kamar yadda na farko ya yi.

Sarki Abdulkadir ya ci gaba da zuwa rukuni na uku inda aka bincika shi da wuta mai tsanani, a sakamakon haka ya janye kuma ya dauki matsayi. Da tsakar rana, dakarun sojojin doki kimanin 5,000 na Maroko sun tashi don kai hari ga Abdelkader wanda ya jira su cikin natsuwa. Lokacin da suke a nesa ya jagoranci mutanensa su kai musu hari, yana nomawa ta hanyar su kuma yana girgiza su ta amfani da haɗuwa mai kyau na kai hari da koma baya Abdelkader ya yi nasara.

## Sakamakon haka
Kodayake Abdulkadir ya sami damar kayar da Maroko a duk lokacin da aka yi yakin basasa a baya, har yanzu sun ci gaba, amma a hankali. Sarkin Abdulkadir ya yanke shawarar janyewa daga Aljeriya kuma ya shiga yankin Faransa wanda hakan ya haifar da mika wuya.

## Manazarta
Abincin Eswatini

**abinci  na [[Eswatini]]** an fi mayar m ta yanayi da kuma yankin yankin . Abincin da ake amfani da su a cikin Eswatini sun haɗa da dawa da masara,  galibi ana yin su da naman akuya, sanannen dabbobi a wurin.  sana'ar noma ta dogara ne akan rake, taba, shinkafa, masara, gyada, da kuma fitar da naman akuya da naman sa zuwa kasashen waje. Yawancin Swazis manoma ne masu noma waɗanda ke ƙara abincin su da abincin da aka saya daga kasuwanni.

Kayayyaki da shigo da su daga ƙasashen da ke bakin teku suma suna cikin abincin Eswatini. Wasu kasuwanni na gida suna da rumfunan abinci tare da naman Swazi na gargajiya, sandwiches, abincin masara da gasasshen masara na lokaci-lokaci. 

  

Abincin gargajiya na Eswatini sun haɗa da:

* *Sishwala* — porridge mai kauri da aka saba yi da nama ko kayan lambu
* *Incwancwa* - porridge mai tsami da aka yi da ganyayen masara
* *Sitfubi* — madara mai sabo an dafa shi kuma an haɗa shi da naman masara
* *Siphuphe setindlubu* — porridge mai kauri da aka yi da ƙwaya mai kauri
* *Emasi etinkhobe temmbila* — masarar ƙasa gauraye da madara mai tsami
* *Emasi emabele* — sorghum na ƙasa gauraye da madara mai tsami
* *Sidvudvu* —porn da aka yi da kabewa gauraye da naman masara
* *Umncweba* — busasshen nama mara dahuwa ( *biltong* )
* *Siphuphe semabhontjisi* — kauri porridge da aka yi da mashed wake
* *Tinkhobe* — dafaffen dukan masara
* *Umbidvo wetintsanga* — dafaffen saman kabewa (ganye) gauraye da goro
* *Emahewu* - abin sha na abinci da aka yi da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano
* *Umcombotsi* — giya na gargajiya a Siswati ana kiransa *tjwala*

## Duba kuma

* Abincin Afirka
* Umtsimba - bikin aure

## Manazarta
Torch Commando

**Torch Commando** wata ƙungiya ce ta yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata ta Afirka ta Kudu, wacce aka kafa ta daga aikin Springbok Legion, ƙungiyar Afirka ta Kudu na tsoffin sojojin yakin duniya na biyu, da aka kafa a cikin shekarar 1941 lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, da Kwamitin Ayyukan Tsofaffin Sojoji da aka kafa tare da sa hannun Springbok Legionnaires don yin kira ga babban ma'aikaci.

Harry Oppenheimer ne ya rubuta shi, ta hanyar asusun amintattu.

Tun farko mambobi ne na Bataliya ta 9 na Recce Battalion na African Tank Corps, da Kwamitin Sha'awar Sojoji da mambobin Brigade na Afirka ta Kudu na farko suka kafa a Addis Ababa, da kuma Ƙungiyar Sojoji da aka kafa ta brigade ɗaya a Masar.

An bayyana maƙasudai da manufofin ƙungiyar Springbok a cikin 'Manifesto Sojoji'. Ƙungiyar Springbok a buɗe take ga duk ma'aikatan sabis ba tare da la'akari da ƙabila ko jinsi ba kuma ta kasance mai adawa da farkisanci da mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata. Daga cikin manyan mambobinta akwai masu hidima irin su Joe Slovo, Lionel Bernstein, Wolfie Kodesh, Jack Hodgson da Fred Carneson waɗanda daga baya suka shiga jam'iyyar National Congress ta Afirka da reshenta na soja Umkhonto we Sizwe ƙarƙashin jagorancin Nelson Mandela. Wasu irin su Harry Schwarz, wanda daga baya fitaccen shugaban siyasa na adawa da nuna wariyar launin fata, lauya kuma jakadan Amurka a lokacin gwamnatin farko ta haɗin kan ƙasa na ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar. Wani memba shi ne Janar Kenneth van der Spuy, ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa rundunar sojojin saman Afirka ta Kudu da suka yi yakin duniya na ɗaya da yakin duniya na biyu kuma Rasha ta kama tare da ɗaure su a Kremlin bayan sun yi yaƙi tare da fararen fata na Rasha a kan 'yan gurguzu kuma aka tsaresu har zuwa shekara ta 1920.

An kafa Torch Commando ne a shekara ta 1951 a lokacin rikicin kundin tsarin mulkin ƙasar mai launin launi, don nuna adawa da shirin gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu na cire Coloreds daga cikin jerin masu kaɗa kuri'a a lardin Cape. A lokacin da lambobin Springbok Legion ke raguwa, dabarun Torch Commando ya ba da sabon hayar rayuwa ga manufofi da manufofin rundunar Springbok, wanda wasu ke ganin cewa sun yi ɓarna sosai, kuma sun ba da gida ga fararen fata a cikin wasu nau'ikan sassaucin ra'ayi ciki har da masu sassaucin ra'ayi a cikin Jam'iyyar United, waɗanda suka gano tare da baƙar fata.

Mayaƙin RAF na lokacin yaƙi Kyaftin Adolph  Malan ya zama shugaban 'Torch Commando'. Babban ayyukan kwamandojin dai shi ne tattakin tocila, inda suka ɗauki sunansu. Zanga-zangar mafi girma ta jawo masu zanga-zangar 75,000.

Torch Commando ya wanzu fiye da shekaru biyar, kuma a tsawonta tana da'awar cewa tana da mambobi 250,000. Gwamnati dai ta firgita da yawan alkalai da ma'aikatan gwamnati da sojoji da suka shiga ƙungiyar, inda aka kafa wata sabuwar doka da ta haramtawa duk wani mai aikin gwamnati ko soja shiga. Daga baya Jam'iyyar National Party ta yi duk abin da ya dace don kawar da tunawa da Rundunar Springbok Legion, Torch Commando da maza irin su 'Sailor' Malan, wanda ya yi kira ga matasan Afrikaner farar fata.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* The Observation Post - Torch Commando
Fasahar Astronautic (Malaysia)

**Fasahar Astronautic Sdn Bhd** ko kuma wanda aka fi sani da **ATSB** an kafa shi ne a ranar 1 ga Mayu 1995  kuma Ministan Kudi Inc ne ke mallakar shi a karkashin kulawar Ma'aikatar Makamashi, Kimiyya, Fasaha, Muhalli da Canjin Yanayi (MESTECC).

A matsayinta na kamfani mai mallakar duka a karkashin Ma'aikatar Kudi Inc., an ba da umarnin ATSB don mayar da hankali kan bincike da ci gaba a fannin ƙira da ci gaban tsarin da suka dace da sararin samaniya wanda ke amfani da fasahar ci gaba da sababbin abubuwa.

Abin takaici, kamfanin ya dakatar da ayyukansa kuma ya rufe kasuwancinsa a cikin 2019.

## Ayyukan sararin samaniya

An danka ATSB da ƙira, ci gaba, ƙaddamarwa da aiki na TiungSAT-1, microsatellite na farko na Malaysia wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin rokar Dnepr daga Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan a ranar 26 ga Satumba 2000.

Kwarewar fasaha da gogewar da aka samu wajen sarrafa TiungSAT-1 ya zama dutse mai hawa don microsatellite na biyu, RazakSAT, wanda aka samu nasarar kaddamarwa a ranar 14 ga Yuli 2009. RazakSat ya gaza bayan shekara guda, kuma bai taɓa yin aiki ba.

ATSB ta haɓaka cubesat InnoSAT-2 wanda ISRO ta ƙaddamar a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba 2018. InnoSAT-2 ya ɗauki dosimeter, kyamarar CMOS da motar gwaji. An haɓaka bas din tauraron dan adam a cikin gida.

## Sauran ayyukan
An haɓaka tsarin Satellite na Duniya daban-daban ko DGNSS kuma an tura shi a duk duniya don mayar da martani ga ƙudurin A.915 (22) na Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatar Ruwa ta Malaysia ta Duniya. Ma'aikatar Marine ta Peninsular Malaysia ta kafa cibiyar sadarwa ta tashoshin watsa shirye-shiryen DGNSS waɗanda tashoshin sa ido da cibiyar kula da ƙasa ke tallafawa.

## Manazarta
Kingsley Eze Emu

**Kingsley Eze Emu** (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga watan Disamba shekarar 1959) ɗan  Najeriya ne mai aikin banki, mai ba da shawara kan kudi, ɗan kasuwa, kuma ma'aikacin gwamnati wanda aka sani da gudummawarsa ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da na Jama'a.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Emu ne a Owanta, wani gari a yankin Ika na Arewa maso Gabas na Jihar Delta, Najeriya. A halin yanzu yana aiki ne a matsayin Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha (SSG) ga Gwamnan Jihar Delta.  

## Sana'a
Emu ya fara aikinsa a shekarar 1989 a Babban Bankin Najeriya (CBN) sannan daga baya ya riƙe manyan mukamai a manyan cibiyoyin hada-hadar kudi, har da Bankin Kasuwanci, Bankin Fidelity, da FinBank PLC, da sauransu. ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Jami'in Kasuwanci da Kasuwanci ta yanar gizo a FinBank har zuwa lokacin da ya yi murabus a shekarar 2010.  Baya ga banki, Emu ya shiga cikin kamfanoni irin su Benizia Group da Hotel Benizia Ltd. 

Emu ya fara aikinsa na gwamnati a shekarar 2011 tare da Gwamnatin Jihar Delta. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan Kasuwanci da Masana'antu daga 2011 zuwa 2014, yana ba da gudummawa ga tsara manufofin tattalin arziki. Daga 2015 zuwa 2019, ya riƙe mukamin Kwamishinan Shirye-shiryen Tattalin Arziki, yana kula da shirye-shiryen ci gaba da kasafa abubuwan da ake buƙata.

Tsakanin 2019 da 2023, Emu ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Mai ba da shawara kan Tattalin Arziki ga tsohon Gwamnan Jihar Delta Ifeanyi Okowa,   A 2023, an naɗa shi Sakatare ga Gwamnatin Jihar Delta,  inda yake kula da tsarin gudanarwa da dabarun mulki.

## Rikici
A cikin 2023, an kama wata kungiya mai aikata laifuka saboda zargin da ake yi wa Kingsley Eze Emu don zamban waɗansu  miliyoyin naira. Shari'ar ta nuna kalubalen shaidan sata da zamba a Najeriya.

## Manazarta
Asusun Ba da Agajin Gaggawa ga waɗanda aka kashe na Holocaust

Ƙungiyar Bankin Swiss (SBA) ce ta ƙirƙira Asusun Taimakawa ga waɗanda aka kashe na Holocaust a sakamakon "Affair Meili". Asusun ya baiwa masana'antar hada-hadar kudi ta Switzerland damar shiga cikin tsarin biyan diyya ga wadanda Nazi suka wawashe a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu da bankunan kasar suka yi amfani da su da kuma gazawar kamfanonin inshorar rayuwar Switzerland wajen mutunta manufofin kisan gilla. Hukumar Kula da Ƙirar Inshorar Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya ce ke gudanar da asusun.

## Ma'anar Meili
Christoph Meili wani dan kasar Switzerland ne mai fallasa bayanan sirri, daga baya ya ba da mafakar siyasa a Amurka, wanda ya kasance mai gadi a bankin Union Bank of Switzerland a Zürich, Switzerland, a cikin 1997. Ya gano cewa jami'ai a UBS suna lalata takardu game da kadarorin marayu, wadanda aka yi imani da ma'aunin lamuni na Yahudawa da suka mutu, wadanda harin Holocaust ya rutsa da su, wadanda ba a san ko su waye ba daga Jamusawa ba. Reichsbank ] Sun jera asusun hannun jari na kamfanoni a cikin kasuwanci a lokacin Holocaust, gami da BASF, Degussa, da Degesch. Sun jera bayanan kadarori na Berlin da Nazis suka kama, aka sanya su cikin asusun Swiss, sannan suka yi iƙirarin mallakar UBS Rushe irin waɗannan takaddun ya saba wa dokokin Switzerland.  Takardun “ajiye” an ba da rahoton sun riga sun kasance kafin zamanin Nazi, tun daga 1897 zuwa 1927.
A ranar 8 ga Janairu 1997,  ya ɗauki wasu fayilolin banki gida. Bayan tattaunawa ta wayar tarho, ya mika su ga wata kungiyar Yahudawa ta gida, wacce ta kawo takardun ga 'yan sanda, kuma daga karshe ga manema labarai, wanda ya buga lalata daftarin aiki a ranar 14 ga Janairu 1997. Hukumomin Zürich sun bude wani bincike na shari'a a kan Meili sabida zargin keta dokokin Swiss game da sirrin banki,  wanda shine laifin da ake tuhuma a Switzerland  Switzerland. Bayan Meili da danginsa sun ba da rahoton samun barazanar kisa sun gudu zuwa Amurka kuma an ba su mafakar siyasa ta hanyar lissafin sirri.,,   

A ranar 13 ga Janairun 1998, Ed Fagan ya shigar da kara a kan UBS a madadin Yahudawan da aka kashe, a cikin adadin dalar Amurka miliyan 2.56. A ranar 13 ga Agusta 1998, an cimma matsaya tsakanin bankunan Switzerland da masu shigar da kara na Yahudawa wanda ya kai dalar Amurka biliyan 1.25.   
Abubuwan da Meili ya yi sun mayar da bankunan Swiss zuwa majami'u na kasa da kasa, ta hanyar fallasa dabi'unsu na bangaranci wajen boye kadarorin Yahudawa da 'yan Nazi suka yi garkuwa da su da kuma wadanda yahudawan suka ajiye da suka tsere daga kisan kare dangi na Nazi, sannan kuma kokarinsu na boye laifinsu ta hanyar lalata takardu.[ kafa Asusun ga SBA. har ila yau, al'amarin Meili ya yi tasiri wajen gudanar da taron London kan Zinariya na Nazi (1997)
Eizenstat. Imperfect Justice, 

## Manazarta
Ridge lift

Ana kirkirar ɗagawa (ko ɗagawa mai gangara) lokacin da iska ta buge wani cikas, yawanci dutsen dutse ko dutse, wanda yake da girma kuma yana da tsayi don karkatar da iska sama.

Idan iska ta isa, ɗagawar tudun yana ba da isasshen ƙarfi sama ga masu sauka, masu sauka da tsuntsaye don kasancewa a cikin iska na dogon lokaci ko tafiya mai nisa ta hanyar 'Ridge soaring'. Kodayake Jiragen sama mara ƙarfi yawanci yana saukowa ta cikin iska, za su hau idan iska da ke kewaye da su tana tashi da sauri fiye da yawan nutsewarsu. Masu sha'awar samfurin jirgin sama suna magana ne game da wannan dabarar a matsayin "gliding" ko "sloping".

Orville Wright ya yi amfani da ɗagawa, ya kafa rikodin tsawon minti 11 a cikin 1911. Koyaya wasan tashi ya fara ne a Jamus bayan Yaƙin Duniya na farko . A cikin 1921, Dokta Wolfgang Klemperer ya karya rikodin Wright Brothers na 1911 tare da jirgin minti 13. A shekara ta 1922, Arthur Martens ya zama matukin jirgi na farko da ya yi amfani da updraft da ke tashi tare da gangaren dutse don zama a sama na dogon lokaci, tare da jirgin sama sama sama da awa daya.

## Abubuwan da ake buƙata

Ana haifar da ɗagawa lokacin da iska ta hura a kan tudu, tudu, escarpment ko raƙuman teku, wanda ke sa iska ta tashi. A cikin ilimin yanayi wannan an san shi da ɗagawa na orographic. Iska tana haifar da yankin iska mai tashi kai tsaye sama da gangaren, wanda zai iya fadada wani nesa sama da waje daga fuskarsa saboda iskar iska tana bin tsarin sama na tudun. Koyaya, a kusa da tsaunuka masu tsaye, yawanci akwai yanki na rikici tare da iska mai saukowa kusa da gindin dutsen. A cikin iska na tudun, raƙuman ruwa na iya samuwa; waɗannan kuma ana amfani da su ta hanyar matukan jirgi don samun tsawo, amma wannan bai kamata a rikita shi da ɗaga gangara ba.

Kusa da gangara maimakon tsaunuka masu tsaye, sau da yawa ana samun mafi ƙarfin ɗagawa a cikin hanyar jirgin da ke haɗuwa da layin tunanin da ke fitowa a kusurwoyi madaidaiciya daga gangaren.

Tsawon tsaunuka irin su waɗanda aka samo a cikin Ridge-and-valley Appalachians a Amurka, New Zealand, da Chile an yi amfani da su ta hanyar matukan jirgi don tashi sama da kilomita dubu a cikin jirgin guda. Tsuntsaye, kamar tsuntsayen teku da yawa (musamman albatross) da raptors, suma suna amfani da gangara ta wannan hanyar.

## Dubi kuma

* Gliding - Ayyukan nishaɗi da wasanni na iska
* Hang gliding - Wasan motsa jiki mara ƙarfi
* Paragliding - Tashi tare da paraglider
* Radio-controlled glider - Nau'in jirgin sama mai sarrafa rediyo
* Controllable slope soaring - Nau'in gangara inda aka yi gangara don bin walkalong glider
* Orographic lift - Jirgin iska ya tilasta sama yayin da yake motsawa a kan tudu mai tasowa
* Dynamic soaring - Hanyar tashi
* Thermal - Ginshiƙi na iska mai tashi a cikin ƙananan sararin samaniya
* Lee wave - Saurin motsi na sararin samaniya

## Manazarta
Canjin yanayi a yankin Arewa

Canjin yanayi a yankin Arewa yana shafar mahalli da masana'antu daban-daban, gami da noma.

## Rashin iskar gas
Rashin hayaki na jihar ya kai tan miliyan 11.21 a shekara ta 2005 idan aka kwatanta da tan miliyan 16.73 a shekara ta 2022.

Yankin Arewa yana da mafi girman hayaki ga kowane mutum daga cikin jihohi 6 na Ostiraliya da yankuna 2 masu cin gashin kansu.

## Tasirin canjin yanayi
A cikin 2023, "fiye da hekta 100,000" sun ƙone a yankin MacDonnell Ranges.

## Amsa

### Siyasa
A cikin 2024, takardar shawarwari da ta ɓace ta bayyana shirye-shiryen ba da Cif Minista ikon cire manyan ayyukan daga manufofin kula da yankin Arewa, gami da ayyukan sabuntawa da ayyukan gas. A cikin 2024, gwamnatin yankin Arewa ta amince da wani aikin da zai iya kara yawan hayaki na yankin da kashi 150% nan da shekara ta 2050.

Gidan gida da batirin hasken rana na Arewacin Yankin ya karu da karuwa bayan an kara rabon daga $ 5,000 zuwa $ 12,000, wanda aka aiwatar don kara amfani da sabuntawa. Gwamnatin Yankin Arewa ta amince da aikin gonar hasken rana na hekta 12,000.

## Manazarta
Ma'aikatar Muhalli da Canjin Yanayi (Somalia)

**Ma'aikatar Muhalli da [[Daidaituwar canjin yanayi|Canjin yanayi]]** ma'aikatari ce ta gwamnati a Somaliya, wacce ke da alhakin tsarawa da aiwatar da manufofi da suka shafi kiyaye muhalli da daidaitawa da sauyin yanayi. An kafa shi a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 2022, a lokacin gwamnatin Shugaba Hassan Sheikh, an kirkiro ma'aikatar ne a matsayin wani ɓangare na martani na gwamnati ga kalubalen muhalli da ke fuskantar Somalia. Khadija Mohamed Al Makhzoumi, tsohon jakada, tana aiki a matsayin *Ministan Muhalli* da Canjin Yanayi na yanzu.

## Ayyuka
Ma'aikatar Muhalli da Canjin Yanayi an ba da umarni tare da manyan manufofi da yawa:

# **Kare Muhalli** : Ɗaya daga cikin nauyin ma'aikatar shine kula da kariya ga tsarin halittu daban-daban a cikin Somalia, gami da gandun daji, wuraren da ke bakin teku. Ma'aikatar ta kafa ka'idoji da matakan kiyayewa da nufin magance sare daji, lalacewar ƙasa, da gurɓataccen yanayi.
# **Canjin yanayi:** Ma'aikatar kuma tana da dabarun ragewa da daidaitawa da canjin yanayi. Manufar ita ce ta rage hayakin gas, bayar da shawara don amfani da makamashi mai sabuntawa, da kuma gina ƙarfin yanayi a cikin al'ummomin da ke fama da rauni.
# **Gudanar da albarkatun kasa:** Ma'aikatar tana kula da amfani mai ɗorewa na albarkatun ƙasa kamar ruwa, ma'adanai, da ƙasa a Somalia. Yana aiwatar da ka'idojin da aka tsara don hakar albarkatun da ke da alhakin da kuma kare wuraren zama masu mahimmanci.
# **Ilimi da Sanarwa:** Ɗaya daga cikin rawar da ma'aikatar ke takawa shine kara wayar da kan jama'a da ilimi game da batutuwan muhalli da yanayi. Yana neman shigar da jama'a da masu ruwa da tsaki daban-daban a kokarin kiyayewa.
# **Haɗin gwiwar kasa da kasa:** Ma'aikatar tana shiga cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙungiyoyin yanki da na duniya don musayar ilimi da haɗin gwiwa kan ayyukan muhalli da yanayi.

## Dokoki da Shirye-shiryen
Ma'aikatar ta shiga cikin shirye-shiryen majalisa da na jama'a da yawa:

# **Dokar Gudanar da Muhalli**: Ma'aikatar ta kasance mai ba da shawara ga Dokar Gudanarwa ta Muhalli,  wanda ke aiki a matsayin tsarin doka don mulkin muhalli a Somalia. Kudin ya haɗa da tanadi don azabtarwa ga laifukan muhalli.
# **Kamfen na Green Somalia:** Wani shiri da aka yi niyyar sake gina gandun daji, Kamfen na green Somalia,  ya kafa burin dasa bishiyoyi miliyan 10. Ya haɗa da masu ruwa da tsaki da yawa, gami da al'ummomin yankin da cibiyoyin ilimi.
# **Manufofin Canjin Yanayi na Kasa:** Wannan manufofin ya tsara shirye-shiryen kasar don ragewa da daidaitawa da tasirin canjin yanayi. Manufofin Canjin Yanayi na Kasa,  sun haɗa la'akari da yanayi a cikin manyan dabarun ci gaban ƙasa.
# **Manufofin Muhalli na Kasa:** Manufofin Muhallkewa na Kasa  tsari ne mai zurfi don kula da muhalli a Somaliya, yana mai da hankali kan ayyuka masu ɗorewa da kariya ta muhalli.
# Babban Green Wall Initiative na Afirka: Kasancewar Somaliya a cikin Babban Green Wall na Afirka  tare da rabon dala miliyan 10,  yana da niyyar magance batutuwan kamar hamada da sare daji, tare da daidaitawa da manufofin kiyayewa na yanki da na ƙasa.

## Manazarta
Bears na Coca-Cola

**Bears na Coca-Cola** sune halayen bears na polar da aka yi amfani da su a matsayin kayan masarufi ga Kamfanin Coca-Cola. Haruffa mai rai sun kasance sanannen abu a cikin tallace-tallace na Coca-Cola tun 1993, kuma kamfanin yana sayar da kayayyaki, kamar tumblers da nau'ikan bears.

## Tarihi

Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya fara amfani da Beyar polar a cikin tallan Faransanci na 1922 wanda ke nuna beyar da ke zubar da Coca-Cola a cikin bakin rana mai ƙishirwa. Koyaya, amfani da haruffa ya kasance mai saurin gaske har zuwa 1993. A wannan shekarar, bears na Coca-Cola sun bayyana a cikin fim din mai rai da ake kira Northern Lights (wanda ya kasance wani ɓangare na gabatarwa na "Always Coca-Cola" wanda ya fara a lokacin hutun kasuwanci na Wasan 3 na 1993 NBA Finals) inda suka taru don shan Coca-Cola da kallon Aurora Borealis, wanda ya ci nasara tare da masu amfani. Amfani da bears a cikin kamfen ɗin talla na  shekarar 1993, a cewar mahaliccin Ken Stewart, an yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar kare mai dawo da labrador wanda yayi kama da bears. Polar bear tun daga lokacin ya zama "ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun alamomin Coca-Cola".  Bayan nasarar Northern Lights, Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya samar da karin tallace-tallace da fina-finai da yawa tare da bears na anthropomorphic, da kuma kayayyaki kamar tumblers da bears. Har ila yau, akwai kayan ado na Coca-Cola polar bear a World of Coca-Cola wanda Jim Henson's Creature Shop ya tsara.

### Samun umarni
A cikin shekara ta 1995, Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya lashe umarni a kan Kamfanin Polar, kamfanin giya mai laushi na iyali, don gudanar da talla inda wani beyar polar ya jefa gwangwani na Coca-Cola. Kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa Kamfanin Polar na iya ci gaba da amfani da halin polar bear, amma ba zai iya nuna shi yana jefa Coca-Cola ba.

### Yakin Super Bowl
A cikin shekara ta 2012, Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya kirkiro kamfen ɗin talla na kai tsaye wanda ke da bears masu tsaka-tsaki ga Super Bowl, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "kyakkyawan yunkurin tallace-tallace".

## Rikici
A cikin shekara ta 2011, Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya yi alkawarin ba da gudummawar dala miliyan 2 ga Asusun Kula da namun daji na Duniya don kare bears, amma an soki shi saboda ba da irin wannan ƙaramin kuɗi idan aka kwatanta da kasafin kuɗin talla da ribarsu.

A cikin shekara ta 2011, kamfanin ya canza gwangwani na abin sha daga ja zuwa fari tare da hotuna na bears na polar don lokacin hutu, amma masu amfani sun nuna rashin amincewa da canjin. Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya sake canza canjin bayan wata daya.

## Manazarta
Bunny Guinness

**Peta** " **Bunny** " **Guinness** ( *née* **Ellis** ; haifaffen 16 ga watan Disamb,shekara ta 1955)  ƴar Burtaniya ne mai tsarar gine-ginen shimfidar wuri, ɗan jarida kuma ma'aikaciyar gidan rediyo wanda ta kasance mai ba da shawara na yau da kullun a cikin shirin BBC Radio 4 mai tsawo, *Lokacin Tambayar Lambuna* .  Ta kuma rubuta shafi na mako-mako a cikin jaridar *Sunday Telegraph* . Ta gabatar da *Babban Kalubalen Lambun* akan Channel 4 a shekara ta 2005.

Guinness ta ɗauki BSc (Hons) a fannin aikin gona a Jami'ar Karatu, bayan haka ta cancanci a matsayin mai zanen shimfidar wuri a Birmingham Polytechnic (yanzu Jami'ar Birmingham City ). Jami'ar ta ba ta digirin girmamawa a shekarar 2009.  

Ta nuna a kai a kai a Chelsea Flower Show, inda ta lashe lambobin zinare shida.  Babban kasuwancinta, Bunny Guinness Landscape Design Limited, yana kusa da Peterborough a Gabashin Midlands na Ingila. 

An jera ta a cikin Mujallar amp; Lambu a cikin  shekara ta 2021 a matsayin ɗayan manyan masu zanen lambun 50 a Burtaniya. 

## Iyali
Mahaifinta shi ne Shugaban Squadron Peter William Ellis, DFC da mahaifiyarta Barbara Helen Stockitt (née Austin).  Ta kuma auri Kevin Michael Rundell Guinness a cikin shekara ta 1976, memba na dangin giya na Guinness .   Mahaifiyarta ita ce kanwar mai kiwon fure David CH Austin,  wanda ya sanya mata suna fure.  'yarta, Unity, tana da digiri a fannin gine-gine kuma tana aiki tare da ita.  

Bunny wani laƙabi ne da danginta suka yi mata; a matsayin baby idanuwanta masu duhu sunyi kama da currant bun.

## Littafi Mai Tsarki

* *Lokacin Tambayar Lambu: Duk Matsalolin aikin lambun da aka warware* (tare da mawallafa John Cushnie, Bob Flowerdew, Pippa Greenwood, Anne Swithinbank, da hotuna daga The Garden Picture Gallery da sauransu, takarda, shafukan 325, Bookmart Limited, 2005,  )
* *Lambunan Iyali: Yadda Ake Ƙirƙirar Wuraren Sihiri don Duk Zamani* (takarda, shafuka 128, David &amp;amp; Charles, 2008,  )

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Gidan yanar gizon hukuma
Yanayin yanayi na Polynesia na Faransa

**French Polynesia**yana cikin Oceania.  Rukunin tsibirai guda shida ne a Kudancin Tekun Pasifik, kusan rabin tsakanin Kudancin Amurka da Ostiraliya.  Yankinsa yana da kusan 4,167 km2 (kusan tsibiran 130),[1] wanda 3,827 km2 shine ƙasa kuma 340 km2 shine ruwa (cikin ƙasa).  Tana da bakin tekun kilomita 2,525 amma ba ta da iyaka da wasu ƙasashe.

## Yanayin jiki
Akwai tsibirai 118 a cikin Polynesia na Faransa (da kuma wasu tsibirai da yawa ko *motus* a kusa da atolls). Hudu daga cikin tsibirai suna da dutsen wuta kuma tsibirin daya shine murjani. Makatea a cikin Polynesia na Faransa yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan tsibirai uku na dutsen phosphate a cikin Tekun Pacific - sauran su ne Banaba (Ocean Island) a Kiribati da Nauru . Yankin ya kunshi cakuda manyan tsibirai da ƙananan tsibirai tare da reefs.

Ya ƙunshi tsibirai shida. Tsibirin da ya fi girma kuma mafi yawan jama'a shine Tahiti, a cikin Tsibirin Society .

Tsibirin sune:

* Tsibirin Marquesas - a cikin gudanarwa yana sanya tsibirin Marqueses (12 manyan tsibirai da 1 tsibiri) 
* Tsibirin Society - an raba shi cikin tsarin gudanarwa zuwa tsibirin Windward (5 manyan tsibirai) da kuma Gundumar Tsibirin Leeward (5 atolls) 
* Tuamotu Archipelago - wani bangare ne na Tuamotu-Gambier subdivision (2 (2003)

## Manazarta
Springbok Legion

Ƙungiyar **Springbok Legion** kungiya ce ta tsoffin sojoji kuma kungiyar yaƙi da mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu. 

## Tarihi
An kafa ƙungiyar Springbok Legion a cikin shekarar 1941.  A cikin shekarar 1944, ƙungiyar ta zo ƙarƙashin jagorancin Jack Hodgson da Jock Isacowitz.

Domin babban zaɓe na shekarar 1948 na Afirka ta Kudu, ƙungiyar Springbok Legion ta ƙarfafa 'yan Afirka ta Kudu masu launin fata su zaɓi jam'iyyar United Party da Labour Party.  Springbok Legion tayi la'akari da ƙoƙarin jam'iyyar National Party don ƙara hana 'yan Afirka ta Kudu masu launin fata da kuma mayar da mulkin demokraɗiyya na Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin mai kama da farkisanci ko kama-karya.   Bugu da ƙari, ƙungiyar ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyi masu yawa waɗanda suka yi adawa da kuma turjiya da Mummunar Dokar Kwaminisanci. 

A shekarar 1952, Rundunar Springbok tana da mambobi 125,000.  A waccan shekarun taron Springbok Legion, an zaɓi Cecil Williams a matsayin shugaba.  Williams ya yi aiki tare da Bram Fischer don haɗa ƙungiyar tare da Congress of Democrats, amma kafin ƙungiyoyi su haɗu, 'yan sanda sun kai hari ofisoshin Springbok Legion kuma Ministan 'yan sanda ya umurci Williams da ya yi murabus daga kowace ƙungiya da ya kasance memba. 

### ''Fighting Talk''
A cikin watan Janairun shekarar 1942, Homefront League of the Springbok Legion legion ta kaddamar da jaridar *Fighting Talk*, wanda aka kaddamar a Johannesburg. Ana buga Fighting Talk kowane wata a cikin harshen Ingilishi da Afirkaans.

Gwamnatin mulkin nuna *wariyar launin fata ta ruguza Fighting Talk* da karfi a watan Fabrairun shekarar 1963.

## Duba kuma

* Apartheid Afirka ta Kudu
* Torch Commando

## Manazarta

### Ayyukan da aka ambata

*  
* 

## Ƙara karantawa
* 
*
Abubuwan da ke cikin baya

Blokunan Baffle sune tsarin kankare tare da siffofi daban-daban, misali trapezoidal,  wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin ruwa mai gudana don rage ƙarfinsa. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] An shirya su a cikin layuka da yawa a cikin kwandon kwanciya. Ana amfani da su a cikin magudanar ruwa da madatsun ruwa, [ana buƙatar ambaton] a cikin tsarin ban ruwa,  don kare kifi a cikin koguna tare da shigarwar hydrotechnical,  don inganta saukowar turɓaya, a matsayin mafita ga tsaftacewa a cikin ayyukan ruwa  da kuma kula da ambaliyar ruwa.

## Manazarta
Amanda Lynch

**Amanda H. Lynch** masaniyar kimiyya yanayi ce, kuma Sloan Lindemann da George Lindemann, Jr. Babban Farfesa na Muhalli da Al'umma kuma Farfesa na Duniya, Muhalli da Kimiyya na Duniya  a Jami'ar Brown . Ta kasance Darakta na kafa Cibiyar a Brown don Muhalli da Al'umma  a cikin Shekara ta  2014.  Ita gwani ce a cikin tsare  tsaren yanayi na polar, ilimin muhalli na asali da nazarin manufofin yanayi.

An ba Lynch lambar yabo ta Priestley ta Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society a cikin 2007,  da kuma lambar yabo ta Myres S. McDougal a cikin Dokar Kasa da Kasa  a cikin shekara ta 2022 . 

## Ayyuka
Bayan karbar B.Sc. a cikin Applied Mathematics tare da Farko Class Honours a Jami'ar Monash, Lynch ta sami Ph.D. a Kimiyya ta Yanayi daga Jami'ar Melbourne a shekara ta 1993, Lynch ta haɓaka tsarin yanayi yankin Arctic na farko. A shekara ta 2003, yayin da yake aiki a Jami'ar Colorado, Majalisar Bincike ta Australiya ta ba Lynch kyautar Tarayya.

Bayan ta yi aiki a Jami'ar Monash,  ta shiga Jami'ar Brown a  shekarar 2011 a matsayin farfesa a fannin kimiyyar ƙasa, muhalli da duniya.  Yayinda yake a Jami'ar a cikin shekara ta  2013, an kira Lynch babban editan mujallar Weather, Climate and Society  kuma an kira shi Fellow na American Meteorological Society .  An zabe ta Fellow na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Duniya a shekarar 2016.  A cikin shekara ta 2017, an zabi Lynch a matsayin Fellow na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Norway don Binciken Polar.

Lynch ita ce shugabar Hukumar Bincike  ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (WMO).  Ta kasance Mataimakin Shugaban Kwamitin Kimiyya na hadin gwiwa na Shirin Binciken Yanayi na Duniya na shekarar 2017 da shekarar 2019  kuma ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Kimiya  na Taron Kimiyya na WCRP na shekarar 2023, irin wannan Taron farko da aka gudanar a Afirka.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Lynch ta auri Farfesa Charles H. Norchi .

Ita memba ce ta The Explorers Club . Ita memba ce ta Darakta na Darakta  na Gidan Tarihi na Portland (PMA).

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

*
Vetkoek

**Vetkoek** / / ˈfət kʊk / ,​  ) biredi ne na gargajiya na Afirka ta Kudu soyayyen kullu. Yana kama da kek na Johnny na Caribbean, da *oliebol* na Dutch, da *sopaipillas* na Mexica.  Hakanan ana san shi da sunan Xhosa da Zulu *igwinya* (jam'i *amagwinya* ).  

Kalmar *vetkoek* a zahiri tana nufin "cake mai kitse" a cikin Afirkaans yana da tushensa sosai a tarihin Afirka ta Kudu. Ana tsammanin tasa ta samo asali ne daga Voortrekkers, mazauna Holland waɗanda suka koma cikin Afirka ta Kudu a cikin shekarun 1830s. Neman zaɓin abinci mai ɗaukuwa da ɗorewa don dogon tafiye-tafiyensu, sun haɓaka vetkoek azaman mafita mai amfani. Wannan ƙasƙancin farkon ya haifar da vetkoek ya zama abin ƙaunataccen abinci ta'aziyya ga yawancin 'yan Afirka ta Kudu, suna jin daɗin gidaje kuma masu sayar da titi a duk faɗin ƙasar.

Yana kama da siffar donut ba tare da rami ba, kuma ana yin shi da kullu mai yisti. Vetkoeks kuma ana yin su sau da yawa tare da mince curry, wanda aka cushe a ciki. Vetkoek yawanci ana sayar da shi a gidajen cin abinci na abinci na iyali da bukukuwan Afirka da abubuwan al'adu.

Vetkoek sanannen abinci ne ga mutane da yawa da ke zaune a Afirka ta Kudu inda ake ba da shi a fili ko tare da cikawa kuma yana da zafi kuma ana siyar da shi ta hanyar ƙananan kasuwancin kasuwanci iri-iri, masu shaye-shaye a motocin tasi, masu siyar da titi, da shagunan abinci masu sauri waɗanda ke cikin Afirka ta Kudu, Namibiya da Botswana .

## Duba kuma

* Jerin jita-jita na Afirka
* Abincin Afirka ta Kudu

## Manazarta
Seswaa

**Se swaa** (kamar yadda ake kiran tasa a arewacin Botswana) ko kuma *loswao* (kamar yadda ake kiran tasa a kudancin kasar da yammacin Afirka ta Kudu) wani abincin naman gargajiya ne na Botswana, wanda aka yi da naman sa ko naman akuya . Ana shirya ta ta hanyar amfani da ragowar yanke ko yanke tauri kamar kafafu, wuya da baya. An saba shirya tasa don bukukuwa kamar jana'izar, bukukuwan aure da na kasa kamar bikin 'yancin kai.  Ana tafasa naman har sai ya yi laushi a cikin tukunya, tare da "gishiri isa kawai",  kuma a buga shi.   Ana yawan ba da ita tare da pap (abincin masara), *setampa* ( samfu, masarar ƙasa) ko *mabele* ( sorghum ).   
Fayil:Seswaa.jpg
Fayil:Seswaa_en_préparation.jpg
Fayil:Seswaa_avec_bogobe.jpg


## Duba kuma

* Jerin jita-jita na Afirka

## Manazarta
Abincin Mielie

**Abincin Mielie**, wanda kuma aka sani da **cin abinci mai cin abinci** ko **abincin masara**, gari ne mai ƙarancin gaske (mai yawa fiye da masara ko masara ) wanda aka yi da masara  (wanda ake kira mealies) a Kudancin Afirka. Asali dai Turawan Portugal ne suka kawo shi Afirka daga Amurka.  Asalinsa ba shi da tabbas, kuma yana iya kasancewa daga *milho* na Portuguese, ko kuma Afrikaans *mielie*, daga *milien* Dutch ɗin da ba a daɗe ba ("gero, masara"). Hakanan ana san ta da wasu sunaye na yare daban-daban dangane da yanki ko ƙasa.

Abincin ne wanda Voortrekkers suka ci a farkon lokacin Babban Tafiya ,  amma ya zama babban abincin yawancin ƙasashen Kudancin Afirka. Saboda iya ajiyarsa ba tare da sanyaya ba, yana da arha kuma yana da yawa a duk kantuna da kasuwanni. Babban abinci ne a Afirka ta Kudu,  Namibiya, Mozambique, Lesotho, Eswatini, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Botswana da sauran sassa na Kudancin Afirka, wanda aka saba yin shi zuwa uphuthu, unga (nshima), porridge mai tsami, pap, munkoyo, da umqombothi da nau'in giya (nau'in giya).

## Pap da phutu
 
Ana ƙara ɗanyen abincin mielie a cikin ruwan zãfi, wanda rabonsa yana samar da ko dai porridge ko kuma pap/nshima/sadza mai ƙarfi. Lokacin yin porridge, ana amfani da madara a wasu lokuta don samar da abinci mai tsami. Porridge yawanci yana da kauri kuma ana cin sa don karin kumallo a kudancin Afirka. Ana cin abinci mai ƙarfi tare da nama da jita ] jita [ kuma kayan marmari. Yana kama da polenta na Italiya sai dai, kamar grits a Kudancin Amurka, yawanci ana yin shi da fari maimakon launin masara mai launin rawaya.

## Abinci mai gina jiki
Abincin Mealie ya ƙunshi carbohydrates, furotin, mai da fiber.

## Duba kuma

* Abincin masara
* Grits
* Sadza
* Samfurin
* Jerin jita-jita na masara

## Manazarta
Tsarin Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Turkiyya

Tsarin Cinikin Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Turkiyya shine tsarin cinikin fitar da carbon na Turkiyya, wanda ya kamata ya fara a 2026,  tare da matakin matukin jirgi ciki har da masana'antu kamar siminti.  Masu fitarwa za su biya Tsarin gyaran iyakar carbon na EU daga 1 ga Janairu 2026 har sai ETS na Turkiyya ya fara. Mataki na aiwatarwa zai gudana daga 2027 zuwa 2034. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2025 an zartar da doka amma ba a yanke shawarar ba, kuma har yanzu ba a bayyana ko kasar za ta shiga cikin Tsarin hadin gwiwa a karkashin Mataki na 6 na Yarjejeniyar Paris ba. : sashi na 4.4.1: section 4.4.1 

## Manazarta
Takachar

**Takachar** kamfani ne mai iyaka wanda ke zaune a Boston a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT). Yana haɓaka masu sarrafa wutar lantarki, wanda zai dafa Sharar aikin gona don ƙirƙirar biochar ko biocoal - wani nau'i na zamani na kone gawayi. Kasuwar da aka yi niyya ita ce Indiya, inda hanyoyin gargajiya kamar ƙonewa ƙone ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta ke haifar da hayaki mai yawa kuma sun kasance babban dalilin gurɓata iska.

Kamfanin an kafa shi ne a cikin 2018 ta hanyar wadanda suka kafa Vidyut Mohan da Kevin Kung.

Takachar ya kirkiro tsarin da ke da ɗorewa wanda ke rage gurɓata yayin samar da madadin man fetur, tare da ƙarin fa'idar ƙirƙirar sabon hanyar samun kudin shiga ga manoma. Ya zuwa 2020, kamfanin ya canza tan 3,000 na sharar gida wanda in ba haka ba za a ƙone shi.

A cikin 2021, kamfanin ya lashe kyautar Earthshot a cikin rukunin "Tsabtace iska tamu", yayin da ake sa ran tsarinsa da samfuransa za su rage adadin sharar da aka ƙone a cikin iska.  

## Manazarta
Canjin yanayi a Victoria

**[[Canjin yanayi]] a Victoria** yana shafar mahalli da masana'antu daban-daban, gami da noma.

## Rashin iskar gas
Rashin fitarwa na Victoria ya ragu daga tan miliyan 123.23 a shekara ta 2005 zuwa tan miliyan 84.72 a shekara ta 2022 wanda ke wakiltar raguwar 31.3% a wannan lokacin.

## Tasirin canjin yanayi

### Yanayin da aka gina
Ba a gina ababen more rayuwa na jihar ba tare da matsanancin yanayi a zuciya, sabili da haka ana ɗaukarsa ba a shirya shi ba bisa ga rahoton Infrastructure Victoria - ya kiyasta cewa dawo da bala'i na iya kashe $ 1,000,000,000 ta 2100.

## Amsa

### Siyasa
A cikin 2021, gwamnatin Victoria ta fitar da dabarun canjin yanayi.

A cikin 2024, gwamnatin Victoria ta amince da sabon lasisi don aikin gas a kan babbar hanyar Victoria.  Daga 2024 zuwa gaba, an dakatar da haɗin gas a sababbin gidaje.

Ba a buƙatar tashoshin wutar lantarki don shigar da matattarar masana'anta, amma masu ba da shawara kan kiwon lafiya sun ba da shawarar ga gwamnatin jihar.

### Shari'a

#### Dokar Canjin Yanayi ta 2017
 
Dokar ta buƙaci gwamnatin Victoria ta saita manufofi na rage fitar da hayaki na wucin gadi a kan hanyar da za a samu fitar da hayakin hayaki a shekara ta 2050.

Dokar tana da siffofi da yawa na tsarin tsarin yanayi na yau da kullun, gami da manufofi na rage fitarwa, dabarun ragewa, shirye-shiryen daidaitawa. Dokar ta buƙaci gwamnatin Victoria ta shirya takamaiman tsare-tsaren bangarori don daidaita jihar da canjin yanayi da rage hayaki.

Dokar ta kuma buƙaci a bayyane cewa a yi la'akari da canjin yanayi a cikin yanke shawara na gwamnati, manufofi, shirye-shirye da matakai da kuma takamaiman aikin da za a yi saboda la'akari le canjin yanayi cikin yanke shawara da aka tsara.

An gano cewa Dokar ba ta buƙatar sanya iyaka a kan hayakin gas a kan shuke-shuke na kwal. Dangane da hukuncin Kotun Koli ta Victoria, ana buƙatar la'akari da canjin yanayi kawai kuma an yi la'akari le canjin yanayi a cikin shawarar kada a saita iyaka.

## Manazarta
Ma'aikatar Muhalli, Birane da Canjin Yanayi

Ma'aikatar Muhalli, Birane da Sauyin yanayi ( Turkish   **İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı** ) ma'aikatar gwamnati ce ta Jamhuriyar Turkiyya, mai kula da muhalli, ayyukan jama'a,  da kuma tsara birane a Turkiyya. Murat Kurum ne ke jagorantar ma'aikatar. 

## Tarihi
An kafa ma'aikatar ne a cikin 1983 ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a ( Turkish  , wanda aka kafa 3 Mayu 1920) da **Ma'aikatar Raya da Gidaje** ( Turkish  , kafa 1958). Sakamakon ya kasance Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a da Gidaje ( Turkish   ), wanda aka sake masa suna zuwa Ma'aikatar Muhalli da Birane a 2011.  A cikin 2021 an ƙara canjin yanayi zuwa sunan. 

## Ayyuka
Wani bugawa a cikin Official Gazette na Jamhuriyar Turkiyya a ranar 3 ga Afrilu 2012 ya rage haƙƙin binciken tsaro na wuta na brigades na kashe gobara na birni, yana canja duk batutuwan da ke buƙatar fassara ko bayani ga Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Turkiyya. 

Ma'aikatar tana da alhakin yaki da Batutuwan muhalli a Turkiyya. An kafa Hukumar Muhalli ta Kasa a cikin 2020 amma a shekara ta 2022 ba ta fara aiki ba. : 115 : 115 

A cewar ma'aikatar, afuwa ta ka'idojin gini ta 2018 ta tara lira biliyan 24 (dala biliyan 4.2), duk da haka tun daga 2023 ba a san wane rabo daga gine-ginen da suka rushe a Girgizar ƙasa ta 2023 sun amfana daga afuwa ta ƙa'idodin gini ba. Bayan girgizar kasa ta 2023 Shugaba Erdoğan ya ba da umarnin cewa ma'aikatar za ta kasance mai yanke shawara kawai don sabbin ayyukan gidaje a yankunan da girgizar ƙasa ta shafa.

## Daraktan gudanarwa
An kafa shi a cikin 2021 Cibiyar Kula da Sauyin yanayi ce ke da alhakin sauyin yanayi a Turkiyya .  Duk da wakilcin Ma'aikatar Makamashi a Hukumar Kula da Sauyin Yanayi da Kula da Jiragen Sama, a cikin 2018 Hukumar Tarayyar Turai ta soki rashin daidaituwa tsakanin manufofin sauyin yanayi da manufofin makamashi na Turkiyya .    Babbar mai shiga tsakani kan sauyin yanayi ita ce Fatma Varank, mataimakiyar ministar muhalli, wadda ta kware a fannin gidaje. 

## Manazarta
Gidan Tarihin Afirka

**Africatown Heritage House** gini ne na al'umma a cikin Mobile, Alabama wanda ke dauke da "Clotilda: Nunin" game da waɗanda suka tsira da zuriyar bayi da aka yi jigilar su a Clotilda, jirgin ruwan bayi na ƙarshe na Amurka, waɗanda yawancinsu suka kafa Africatown .

## Tarihi
An fara aikin ne a cikin 2020 ta Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi na Wayar hannu tare da tuntuɓar al'ummar Africantown bayan an gano ragowar *Clotilda* a cikin 2019. Tare da haɗin gwiwar Hukumar Tarihi ta Alabama, gundumar wayar hannu da birni, an ƙaddamar da sabon gini.      A farkon 2023, an ba shi suna ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun sabbin gidajen tarihi na National Geographic UK a cikin Amurka.  An buɗe nunin ga jama'a a watan Yuli 2023.  

## Magana
Ma'aikatar tauhidin Afirka

The **African Theological Archministry (ATA)** ne mai sadaka da kuma ruhaniya 501 (c) 3 kungiya mai zaman kanta hayar a jihar South Carolina a 1980. Ya spawned a matsayin al'adu, tarihi da kuma ruhaniya motsi a New York a cikin 1970s daga "Sango Temple", wani reshe na tsoho ruhaniya hadisai na d ¯ a Isese na Founded na Yoruba da Vofunla ya samo shi ta hanyar Obase E Vofunla. Adefunmi I, an haifi Walter Eugene King a Detroit, MI. 

A shekarar 1970, an nada Sarki sarautar "Oba" a yammacin Afirka kuma ya dauki sunan sarauta "Oba Efuntola Adelabu Adefunmi I". Daga nan ya koma kungiyar kwararrun likitocin da suka girma a kusa da shi zuwa South Carolina, inda daga baya suka kafa al'ummar Oyotunji . Ƙungiyar ta haɓaka tsawon shekaru, tana da cibiyoyin haɗin gwiwa goma sha tara a Amurka a cikin 1988.

## Magana
Garin, Birnin Jersey

Ƙauyen yanki ne da ke yammacin ɓangaren Tarihi a cikin garin Jersey.[ Yana da iyaka da Hamilton Park da Harsimus Cove zuwa gabas da Ƙaddamar da Turnpike zuwa yamma, a gefe guda wanda Jones Park da Mary Benson Park suke.  Newark Avenue shine babban titin dake fadin Kauyen daga titin Grove a gabas zuwa tsaunin Bergen a yamma.  An dauki unguwar shekaru da yawa a matsayin unguwar "Ƙananan Italiya" na birni.  Titin Brunswick, tsakanin titin 1st da 10th ya taɓa cika da 'yan kasuwa kuma ana yi masa lakabi da "Bushel Avenue".". St. Anthony na Padua Roman Catholic Church a 457 Monmouth St. ya sami lambar yabo ta tarihi a ranar 22 ga Maris, 2004. [ana Yin hujja] [ana bukatar] Biki na shekara-shekara wanda cocin Holy Rosary Church ya shirya akan titin 6th da Brunswick tun daga farkon karni na 20..

## Manazarta
 

* White Eagle Hall
* Harsimus Stem Embankment
* Horseshoe
* Jerin unguwanni a Jersey City, New Jersey
* Jerin wuraren tarihi na kasa a cikin Hudson County, New Jersey
Ma'aikatar Canjin Yanayi da Muhalli

**Ma'aikatar Canjin Yanayi da Muhalli** (Arabic) ma'aikata ne na gwamnatin tarayya a Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa wanda ke da alhakin tsara kariya da kiyaye muhalli a kasar.

## Tarihi
An kafa ma'aikatar ne a ranar 9 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 2006, a cikin majalisa ta farko da Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum ya kafa bayan mutuwar ɗan'uwansa, Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum . 

## Manazarta
Flatiron (geomorphology)

A al'adance a cikin ilimin ƙasa, flatiron wani nau'i ne mai tsayi mai tsayi wanda aka kirkira ta hanyar bambancin rushewar da ke nutsewa, mai tsayayya da rushewar dutse mai laushi. Flatirons suna da tushe mai faɗi wanda ya zama tushe na tsayi, bangare na triangular wanda ke ƙuntata zuwa sama zuwa wani batu a taron. Rarrabawar Hogback ta hanyar raƙuman ruwa na yau da kullun sau da yawa yana haifar da samar da jerin flatirons ***karfe*** da yajin aikin dutsen da ya karfe hogback. Kamar yadda aka lura a wasu, amma ba duk ma'anoni ba, yawancin flatirons suna kan gangaren dutse mafi girma tare da layin dutse wanda ke samar da flatiron da ya karkata a cikin wannan gefen, amma sau da yawa a kusurwa mafi tsayi fiye da gangaren dutsen da aka haɗa. Sunan flatiron yana nufin kamanceceniya da wani upended, gidan flatiron.

## Tarihi
Flatirons kusa da Boulder, Colorado, duka misali ne na waɗannan sifofin ƙasa da tushen sunan su. Ana samun wasu filaye masu kyau a gabashin Uinta Mountains a arewa maso yammacin Colorado,  Waterpocket Fold a Capitol Reef National Park, Dutsen Superstition kusa da Phoenix, Arizona, da kuma gefen Marathon Uplift a yammacin Texas. 

Ana amfani da kalmar "flatiron" don ƙananan siffofi waɗanda aka sani da pediment flatirons da talus flatirons. Wadannan siffofi sune ƙananan tuddai tare da siffar triangular zuwa siffar trapezoidal mai gangara tare da dogon gefen wannan farfajiyar a matsayin tushe da kuma ma'ana a saman su. Dukkanin pediment flatirons da talus flatirons suna da alaƙa da ƙuƙwalwa cuesta, mesa, ko dutse kuma tare da matakai da aka tsawo zuwa ga scarp. Dukkanin nau'ikan waɗannan flatirons yawanci ana raba su daga tsaunuka ta hanyar ƙayyadaddun raƙuman ruwa da raƙuman. Wadannan flatirons sun kunshi ko dai talus, a cikin yanayin talus flatirons, ko pedisediment da colluvium waɗanda ke rufe pediments, a cikin batun pediment flatirons. Yankin su yana karewa da kwari nau'i mai laushi na Caprock. Caprock yawanci ya kunshi Caliche, wanda ke da kimanin mita 2 (6.6  kauri kuma da wuya kamar mita 5 (16  kauni, wanda ya bunkasa a ko dai talus, pedisediment, ko colluvium. Talus flatirons suna kwance a cikin gangaren tsaunuka - kuma pediment flatirons yana faruwa a cikin yankin canji tsakanin tsaunuka da foreland. Pediment flatirons na iya haɗuwa zuwa ƙasa a cikin wani kogi. Dukkanin talus da pediment flatirons sune ragowar tsoffin tsarin gangara masu aiki waɗanda suka kasance wani ɓangare na tarihin scarp.

## Manazarta