Brenda Cherry

**Brenda Cherry** (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga Maris, 1958) 'yar fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a ce ta Amurka daga Paris, Texas .

Cherry ita ce Shugaba kuma wacce ta kafa ƙungiyar Concerned Citizens for Racial Equality, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta mai rajin kare haƙƙin jama'a da ke Paris, Texas . An kafa CCFRE a shekara ta 2003, tare da haɗin gwiwar Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Amurka, Lone Star Legal Aid, da kuma American Civil Liberties Union .  

## Rayuwa ta farko
 
Cherry ta girma a Blossom, Texas . Mahaifinta, Zeb Reynolds, manomi ne, mahaifiyarta kuma, Irene Whitney, ma'aikaciyar gida ce. Ta fara makaranta a TG Givens, wacce a lokacin makaranta ce ta daban a ƙasar Paris, Texas. Dole ne a kai ta bas mil 10 zuwa makarantar duk da cewa akwai gundumar makaranta ta gida a garin da take zaune. Bayan an tilasta wa makarantun shiga cikin gida, ta halarci makarantar "fari kawai" a Blossom. Cherry ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Prairiland da ke Pattonville, Texas . Ta ci gaba da zuwa Kwalejin Junior ta Paris da Jami'ar Jihar Gabashin Texas . Cherry ta yi aiki a matsayin Ma'aikaciyar Jinya Mai Lasisi ta Sana'a tsawon shekaru 9 kafin ta zama mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a. Cherry tana da 'ya'ya mata biyu, Shauncia Cherry da Tiffany Cherry, da ɗa ɗaya, Rico Lewis.

## Ƙungiyoyin fafutuka

### Harin filin makaranta
A ranar 23 ga Oktoba, 2003, an ruwaito cewa wani shugaban makarantar sakandare ta Crockett da ke Paris, Texas ya kai wa wani dalibi bakar fata mai shekaru 11 hari. An kori yaron daga makarantar aka tura shi zuwa wani gidan yari. Cherry, tare da ƙaramin rukuni na mutane, ciki har da mahaifiyar yaron da kakansa, sun yi zanga-zanga a gaban makarantar.   A lokacin zanga-zangar, an saki yaron daga cibiyar tsarewar. Wannan taron ya nuna farkon zanga-zangar da dama a nan gaba a garin.

### Shaquanda Auduga

Shaquanda Cotton ɗalibi ne ɗan Afirka-Amurka wanda ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Paris da ke Paris, Texas. A ranar 16 ga Maris na shekarar 2006, an kama Cotton, mai shekaru 14, bisa zargin tura mai sa ido a zauren makaranta. Ba tare da tarihin aikata laifuka a baya ba, an gurfanar da Cotton a gaban kotu kuma aka yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 7 a Hukumar Matasa ta Texas . A daidai wannan lokacin, alkalin da ke shari'ar, Chuck Superville, ya yanke wa wata yarinya 'yar shekara 14 'yar Caucasian wacce ke da tarihin aikata laifuka hukunci bayan ta aikata laifin ƙona wuta da aka tabbatar.  Marubuci Darwin Campbell mai *labarai da al'amuran Afirka-Amurka* ya ba da labarin, wanda ya jawo hankali ga hukuncin Cotton.  Bayan ya yi shekara ɗaya da wata ɗaya a gidan yari, labarin *[[Chicago Tribune]]* wanda Howard Witt ya rubuta ya kai ga fallasar shari'ar ga ƙasa baki ɗaya.  An gudanar da babban zanga-zanga wanda ɗan wasan barkwanci Rickey Smiley ya jagoranta a Kotun Lamar County da ke Paris, Texas.  Kimanin makonni biyu bayan labarin da zanga-zangar *Tribune*, an saki ShaQuanda.  BBC ta yi wa Cherry hira game da Cotton, kuma an saka shari'ar a cikin wani shirin BBC na gaskiya wanda wani wakilin Burtaniya Julian O'Halloran ya rubuta.

### Brandon McClelland

Brandon McClelland wani mutum ne ɗan Afirka-Amurka mai shekaru 24 wanda ke zaune a birnin Paris, Texas. A ranar 16 ga Satumba, 2008, an gano gawarsa an sassaka ta kuma an yanke ta a kan titin gona mai nisan mil 17 daga gidansa. Jaridar *The Paris News* ta ƙasar ta ruwaito mutuwar a matsayin abin da wata babbar mota da ba a san ko ta waye ba ta buge ta .  Saboda fafutukar Cherry da Concerned Citizens for Racial Equality, lamarin ya jawo hankalin ƙasa baki ɗaya.  

Bayan takaddama kan ko an ja McClelland a ƙarƙashin motar ko a bayanta, kuma yayin da ake jiran rahotannin gawarwakin mutane, *USA Today* ta yi hira da Cherry. "Hukuma ba ta yi la'akari da yiwuwar cewa wannan laifin ƙiyayya ne ba. Akwai matsala a Paris, Texas. Ban ga wani bambanci ba a jawo shi a bayan babbar mota da kuma jan shi a ƙarƙashin babbar mota." 

Ƙarin bincike ya nuna cewa an sake ganin McClelland a raye a ƙarshe tare da wasu maza biyu 'yan Caucasian, Shannon Finley da Charles Ryan Crostley, waɗanda dukkansu suna da tarihin aikata laifuka mai yawa. *Anderson Cooper 360°* ya ba da rahoton cewa an tuhumi mutanen biyu da kisan McClelland kuma daga baya suka amsa "ba su da laifi."  Mai gabatar da ƙara na musamman Toby Shook ya ambaci rashin shaida a shari'ar, kuma an janye tuhumar kisan a watan Yunin 2009. An saki mutanen biyu. CBS News ta ambato Cherry, "An ja gawarsa kuma babu wanda aka tuhume shi? Ko da direban babbar mota ya fito, shi ke nan abin da ake buƙata? Har ma ba a tuhumi direban babbar mota ba? Idan ka bugi wani, ba za a tuhume ka ba? Babu wanda aka tuhume shi da wannan? Ba abin mamaki ba ne, amma abin baƙin ciki ne. Da alama rayuwar baƙar fata ba ta da ma'ana a nan Paris."  Cherry ta jagoranci zanga-zanga da yawa, tare da Jim Blackwell da New Black Panther Party .   Shari'ar ta ci gaba da zama binciken kisan kai a bayyane.

### Brandarian Thomas
Brandarian Thomas ɗalibi ne ɗan shekara 14 ɗan Afirka-Amurka a Makarantar Sakandare ta Travis da ke Paris, Texas. A watan Yunin 2008, 'yan sanda sun ɗaure Thomas a gidansa saboda zargin "taɓa duwawu da cinyar ɗaliba" a aji. Thomas ya musanta zargin. Mahaifiyar Thomas ta tuntuɓi Cherry, wadda ta shawo kanta ta kai ƙarar kotu maimakon ta amince da yarjejeniyar ƙara. Wakilin *Texas Observer* Forrest Wilder ya rubuta shari'ar. Cherry ta ɗauki ƙarar Cotton da Thomas a matsayin misalai masu tsauri na babban nau'in wariyar launin fata a makarantun gwamnati na Paris. Cherry ta ce, "Ana hukunta yaran baƙar fata sau da yawa, mafi tsauri. Ina tsammanin suna wuce gona da iri; suna hukunta su saboda ƙananan abubuwa. Sau da yawa, suna ganin yaro baƙar fata a matsayin mai barazana." Kodayake masu gabatar da ƙara sun ba da yarjejeniyar ƙara ga Thomas (shekaru biyu na gwaji don a musanya da amsa laifinsa), Cherry ta taimaka wajen shawo kan mahaifiyar Thomas ta kai ƙarar kotu a gaban alƙali ɗaya da ya saurari shari'ar Cotton. "Abin dariya ne," in ji Cherry. "Yana da shekaru 14. Za ka lalata rayuwarsa domin ba za ka iya sa shi ya amsa laifinsa ba?" 

### Cornelius Gill
Cornelius Gill ɗalibi ne ɗan Afirka-Amurka ɗan shekara 18 a makarantar sakandare a Paris, Texas. A ranar 11 ga Nuwamba, 2009, Gill yana ɗaukar pecans lokacin da wani jami'in 'yan sanda na Paris ya zo wurinsa wanda ya yi masa tambayoyi game da wata motar sata da aka gano a wasu bulogi kaɗan. Gill ya ƙi a yi masa tambayoyi ya kuma faɗi kalaman zagi. Jami'in ya kama Gill ya sanya shi a cikin ankwa a bayansa. Lokacin da wata motar 'yan sanda ta tsaya, an ɗaga Gill aka buge gawarsa a kan motar. Cherry ta shaida wani ɓangare na lamarin kuma ita, tare da mahaifiyar Gill, sun shigar da ƙara a Sashen 'Yan sandan Paris. Cherry ta sami bidiyon lamarin. Alkali Chuck Superville ya yanke wa Gill hukuncin ɗaurin kwanaki 100 a gidan yari. Duk da cewa bidiyon bidiyon bai nuna wata shaida ba, jami'in ya yi iƙirarin cewa Gill ya kai masa hari yayin da yake sanya shi a cikin motar sintiri. An tuhumi Gill da laifin kai hari ga wani ma'aikacin gwamnati da kuma hana kama shi. Koke-koken ya haifar da dakatar da jami'in, amma an ɗage dakatarwar lokacin da jami'in ya ɗaukaka ƙara. Shari'ar ta haifar da ihu daga fararen hula game da zaluncin 'yan sanda da ƙarfi mara amfani.   

A cewar jaridar *Huffington Post*, Cherry ta bayyana cewa hukuncin ya aika wa 'yan sandan yankin sako cewa za su iya yin duk abin da suke so. "Me zai hana jami'in yin hakan akai-akai? Yana sa ni tsoro," in ji ta. An fitar da bidiyon kyamarar bayan da Concerned Citizens for Racial Equality ta shigar da buƙatar yin rikodin. "Mun riga mun shiga mummunan yanayi a nan Paris, kuma wannan ya ƙara ta'azzara lamarin," in ji Cherry. 

### Bobby Yates
Bobby Yates wani mutum ne ɗan shekara 51 ɗan asalin ƙasar Amurka a birnin Paris, Texas, wanda ya shanye tun daga ƙugu zuwa ƙasa sakamakon raunin harbin bindiga da ya samu a wani hatsarin farauta kimanin shekaru 20 da suka gabata. An cire ƙashin jikinsa daga ƙugu zuwa ƙasa saboda kamuwa da cuta. A wani dare a shekarar 2008, Yates ya kira 'yan sandan yankin da waya a 911 yana cewa wata farar fata 'yar shekara 16 da manyan maza biyu da ke gidansa sun yi masa duka. Lokacin da 'yan sanda suka zo, matar ta yi iƙirarin cewa Yates ya yi mata fyade. Maza biyu suna tare da ita a duk lokacin. 'Yan sanda sun goyi bayan matar, daga baya aka kama Yates aka tuhume shi da laifin cin zarafin mata. Cherry tare da ƙungiyarta sun gudanar da zanga-zanga kuma suka shigar da ƙara a madadin Yates. Bayan shekaru uku na shari'a, an yi watsi da tuhumar cin zarafin mata.  

### Haruna Hart
Aaron Hart yana da shekaru 18 lokacin da aka kama shi aka kuma tuhume shi da laifin cin zarafin mata. Hart yana da nakasa ta hankali da kuma IQ na 47. Hart yana wasa da wani yaro ɗan shekara biyar kuma sun fallasa kuma sun taɓa al'aurar junansu. A shari'ar, lauyan da kotu ta naɗa Hart bai kira shaidu a madadin Hart ba kuma ya kasa samun likita mai zaman kansa don sauraron ƙarar. Alkali Eric Clifford ya yanke wa Hart hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 100 a ranar 10 ga Yuni, 2009, yana mai iƙirarin cewa ba shi da wani zaɓi. A cikin lokaci guda, Clifford ya yanke wa wanda ake tuhuma da irin wannan laifin, kuma ba tare da nakasa ba, hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru huɗu a gidan yari. An yi zargin cewa an yi wa Hart fyade yayin da yake jiran shari'a a gidan yarin Lamar County.   Cherry da ƙungiyarta sun yi fafutuka a madadin Hart. An gudanar da zanga-zanga da dama, ƙarƙashin jagorancin CCFRE da Jim Blackwell na Kwamitin Shirya Karamar Hukumar Tarrant. Shari'ar ta jawo hankalin ƙasa baki ɗaya.  "Wannan abin tsoro ne kawai," in ji Cherry a cikin wani labarin *[[Los Angeles Times]]* bayan Alkali Clifford ya yanke hukuncinsa. "Ta yaya alkalin ba zai yi la'akari da ƙwarewar tunaninsa ba?" 

An sake yi wa Hart shari'a kan daukaka kara. Daga ƙarshe Hart ya amince da yarjejeniyar ƙarar kuma aka yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 10 a gidan yari inda ya ci gaba da zama.

### Masana'antar Turner

Kamfanin Turner Industries Group kamfani ne mai zaman kansa wanda ke da wurare a birane da jihohi da dama, ciki har da Paris, Texas. A watan Fabrairun 2009, ƙungiyar Concerned Citizens for Racial Equality ta sami koke-koke da hotuna game da wani ƙugiya, zane-zanen wariyar launin fata, da tutocin Confederate da wasu ma'aikata suka ƙirƙira suka sanya. Ƙungiyoyin fafutuka sun haifar da binciken tarayya ta Hukumar Daidaito da Dama ta Aiki .   Sakamakon ya haifar da ƙarar tarayya wadda aka warware a wajen kotu, da kuma canje-canje a ayyukan aikin Turner Industries. Cherry ta ce: "Ɗaya daga cikin manyan damuwata game da zane-zanen wariyar launin fata, ƙugiya, da sauran abubuwan da aka samu a masana'antar shine tunanin waɗanda suka sanya shi a can. Waɗannan mutanen suna aiki a matsayin alkalai, kuma wasu suna ci gaba da samun mukamai na kulawa ko wasu mukamai na iko."  Binciken Turner Industries yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan binciken haƙƙin ɗan adam da aka taɓa yi a Jihar Texas. 

### Cin zarafi da cin zarafin ɗalibi mai fama da autism
A ranar 20 ga Afrilu, 2011, wani ɗalibi ɗan asalin Amurka mai shekaru 18 da haihuwa mai suna Caucasian ya kai wani ɗalibi ɗan asalin Afirka mai suna Autism mai shekaru 14 cikin gidan kore a Makarantar Sakandare ta Paris. Yaron mai shekaru 18 ya jefa igiya a kan wani katako ya sanya ɗayan ƙarshen a kugunsa na yaron mai shekaru 14. Ya buga ƙafafunsa ya bugi hannunsa da sanda har sai da ya yi jini lokacin da yaron mai shekaru 14 ya yi ƙoƙarin 'yantar da shi. Budurwar ɗalibar mai shekaru 18 ta tsaya tana dariya ta kuma yi rikodin lamarin da wayarta ta hannu. Lokacin da ƙungiyar ta koma aji, wani malami namiji ya ɗauki rikodin ya goge shi. Bayan makarantar ta ƙi ladabtar da yaron mai shekaru 18 da budurwarsa, ko kuma malamin da ya goge shaidar, Cherry da CCFRE sun yi kira a madadin mahaifiyar, Tina Washington, da ɗanta. Lauyan gundumar ya ƙi tuhumar ɗalibar mai shekaru 18 duk da cewa babban laifi ne. Cherry da Jim Blackwell ne suka jagoranci zanga-zanga da dama game da lamarin. A halin yanzu shari'ar tana nan Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Amurka, Ofishin Haƙƙoƙin Bil'adama, ke gudanar da bincike.

## Ba da shawara
An yi taron sulhu tsakanin al'umma da Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Amurka wanda aka nuna a cikin *[[Chicago Tribune|jaridar Chicago Tribune]]* . "Ina nan ne don yin magana game da wariyar launin fata. Ban ga wata ma'ana a cikin yin wasanni ba, kamar ba ya wanzuwa," in ji Cherry. "Lokacin da ka shiga makarantu ka ga yawancin yaran baƙar fata suna zaune a tsare - wariyar launin fata ce. A kotu, muna samun babban ɗaurin kurkuku, muna samun ɗaurin kurkuku mai tsawo. Idan ba wariyar launin fata ba ce, menene?  

"Wannan gari ana tilasta masa duba abubuwan da ba ya son ya duba a da," in ji Cherry a cikin wani ɓangare daga *Newsweek* . Cherry, tare da Lone Star Legal Aid, wani kamfanin lauyoyi mai zaman kansa, sun tattara ƙididdiga da ke nuna cewa Gundumar Makarantun Zamani ta Paris ta hukunta yara baƙar fata sau takwas fiye da fararen fata, duk da cewa baƙar fata sun ƙunshi ƙalilan daga cikin al'umma. Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Amurka ta yanke hukuncin cewa babu isassun shaidu da za su danganta rashin daidaiton da wariyar launin fata.  *[[New York Times|Jaridar New York Times]]* ta ambato Cherry, "Ina tsammanin mun makale a shekarar 1930 yanzu. Idan kun yi korafi game da wani abu, za a hukunta ku." 

Cherry ta kasance mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a da na ɗan adam, kuma tana ci gaba da aikinta na magance matsalolin launin fata da na jin kai.

## Manazarta