open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Million Calorie March: The Movie (fim)

***Miliyoyin Calorie Maris: Fim ɗin fim*** ɗin shirin fim ne na 2007 na Amurka wanda ya ba da umarni, wanda ya shirya kuma tare da Gary Michael Marino, marubuci, mai shirya fim, mai magana, ɗan wasan barkwanci kuma tsohon mai fafutukar lafiya. Fim ɗin ya biyo bayan Marino yayin da ya hau kan nisan  tattaki na tara kuɗi da wayar da kan jama'a, Maris ɗin Calorie Million, daga Jacksonville, Florida zuwa Boston, Massachusetts . Tafiyar ta dauki kwanaki 100 kuma an yi ta ne domin tara kudi da wayar da kan jama'a kan abubuwan da ke haifar da kiba ga yara da kuma salon rayuwar manya.

## Takaitaccen bayani
*Miliyoyin Calorie Maris: Fim ɗin* ya rubuta sanarwar wayar da kan jama'a na Miliyoyin Calorie Maris da yaƙin neman zaɓe kuma ya haɗa labarai daga littafin Marino na 2005, "Big & Tall Chronicles: Misadventures of A Lifelong Food Addict." Ta hanyar sake dawowa lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, Marino ya rubuta tasirin tasirin da ya haifar da gwagwarmayar lafiyarsa da yaƙin sa na sirri don shawo kan jarabar abinci . Manufar da ke bayan fim ɗin Marino ita ce ƙara wayar da kan jama'a da karbuwar cutar kiba da jarabar abinci a duk faɗin Amurka da zaburar da mutane su yi zurfi don gyara kansu.

An gabatar da shirin na minti 95 a ranar 21 ga Satumba, 2007 a bikin Fim na Boston don yin bita mai kyau. Har ila yau, fim din ya nuna a Palm Beach, Jacksonville, Northampton da Long Island fina-finai na fina-finai da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi lafiya da jin dadi a duk fadin Amurka. Takaitaccen sigar fim ɗin da aka nuna a sama da wuraren shakatawa 40 yayin yaƙin neman zaɓe na Marino, Matakin Maris na Miliyan 2008. A cikin Nuwamba 2008, shirin ya sami lambar yabo ta kasa da kasa Freddie Media Award a Philadelphia daga Ƙungiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Kasa da Kula da Lafiya ta Duniya kuma ta sami taya murna ta hanyar bidiyo daga mawaƙa Bono na U2 a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka a Ritz Carlton.

### Ƙarfafawa
A baya 397&nbsp;lbs, Marino ya rasa fiye da 110 fam tsakanin 2001 da 2003 mafi yawa ta hanyar rage cin abinci, motsa jiki da kuma bincike kan cutar kiba . Ta hanyar bincikensa da kuma gwagwarmayar kansa tare da asarar nauyi da jarabar abinci, Marino ya zama mai sha'awar samun lafiya da lafiya a kowane nauyi kuma yana so ya ba da gudummawa ga dalilin. Ya kafa kungiyar ba da riba ta Generation Excel a cikin 2004 kuma ya kirkiro Maris Million Calorie, yakin wayar da kan jama'a da tara kudade wanda ya zama fim din suna daya. An tsara Maris ɗin Calorie na Miliyoyin don yin hulɗa tare da sauran masu tafiya, ƙungiyoyin lafiya da wakilan kafofin watsa labaru, waɗanda aka gayyace su shiga tafiya a kowane lokaci a kan hanya. Marino ya kuma tara kudi ta hanyar neman mubaya'a a kowane tasha a tafiyarsa ta tekun gabas .

## Manazarta

* 
* "Gary Marino’s MILLION CALORIE MARCH". web.archive.org
* 
* 

## Hanyoyin Haɗi na Waje
* 
*
Kungiyar Kiwon Lafiya

**HealthCorps, Inc.** kungiya ce ta Amurka mai zaman kanta wacce ke ba da tushen makaranta da ilimin kiwon lafiya na kungiya da jagoranci, baya ga wayar da kan al'umma ga al'ummomin da ba a kula da 

## Dubawa
HealthCorps shirin sabis ne na ƙasa tare da matsayin keɓe haraji a ƙarƙashin Sashe na 501(c)(3) na Kundin Harajin Cikin Gida .  Shirin ya yi iƙirarin tasiri daga 400 zuwa 600 ɗaliban makarantar sakandare a kowace makaranta a kowace shekara. 

Shirin HealthCorps a cikin makaranta yana sa matasa da waɗanda suka riga sun yi balaga suka fi ƙarfi ta hanyar ba su ƙwarewar rayuwa ta hanyar darussa masu ma'amala, abubuwan da ɗalibai ke jagoranta da zanga-zangar da aka mayar da hankali kan ƙima da ƙarfin jikin ɗalibai da tunanin ɗalibai. HealthCorps na tsammanin ɗalibai su zama masu amfani da ilimi da masu fafutuka na kiwon lafiya, kuma ana ƙarfafa su don haɓaka kyawawan halaye waɗanda ke haɓaka girman kai. 

HealthCorps ya dogara ne akan ƙirar mai ba da shawara, wanda HealthCorps "mai daidaitawa" gabaɗaya ya kammala karatun kwaleji na kwanan nan. Kowane mai kula da HealthCorps an sanya shi 1 zuwa 4 makarantu inda suke jagorantar darussa da ayyuka akan dacewa, abinci mai gina jiki da juriyar tunani.  Ana koyar da tarurrukan ta hanyar kiwon lafiya ko wasu azuzuwan ilimi ko kulake na bayan makaranta, kamar yadda shugaban makarantar ya tsara. Abubuwan da ke cikin darasi an haɗa su a cikin manhaja mai shafuka 250 da jagorar shirye-shirye waɗanda masu gudanarwa suka haɓaka a fagen kuma Hukumar Ba da Shawara ta HealthCorps ta amince. 

## Manazarta
Farin Mo'Nique

***Mo'Nique's Fat Chance*** shine ainihin miniseries na TV . Ya fito da manyan mata 10 da suka fafata a gasar kyan gani don zama "Miss FAT", wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "Kyakkyawa da Kauri". Jarumar Mo'Nique ce ke daukar nauyinta kuma an watsa shi daga 2005 zuwa 2007 akan hanyar sadarwar Oxygen .

## 2005 edition
An fara kakar farko a watan Agusta 6, 2005, akan Oxygen.

Daga cikin kyaututtukan sun hada da: shiga cikin ƙwararriyar daukar hoto, a nuna a cikin kundin kasida ta Just My Size, lashe kabad da ke cike da sabon salon Kayayyakin Girmana da na tsawon mako guda da aka tsara don nuna kyawun ciki da waje.

Wanda ya lashe kyautar *Mo'Nique's Fat Chance* na 2005 shine marigayi Joanne Borgella, wanda daga baya ya kasance dan wasan kusa da na karshe a kakar 7 na *American Idol* . Alkalan su ne Kevin Lennox, Shaquille O'Neal da Mia Tyler .

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Alayna Morgan

**Alayna Marie Morgan** (Mayu 21, 1948 - Nuwamba 7, 2009) wata Ba'amurke ce daga Santa Rosa, California, wacce ta yi suna a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan mutane a duniya, tana kimanin kilo 700 (317,5 kg; 50 dutse) a mafi girman nauyinta. An taba nuna ta a cikin wani shiri na *Supersize vs Superskinny* wanda Channel 4 ya shirya.

## Rayuwar farko
Morgan ya sami rashin jituwa tsakaninsa da mahaifinta, kuma an yi lalata da shi tun yana ƙarami da ƙarami. Ta sami nau'ikan cututtuka iri-iri irin su bulimia, wanda ta ci gaba lokacin da take da shekaru 8.

## Manazarta
Rayuwa Mai Girma Mai Girma

***My Big Fat Fabulous Life*** jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin ne na gaskiya na Amurka wanda aka fara ranar 13 ga Janairu, 2015. Jerin yana ba da tarihin rayuwar Whitney Way Thore, macen da ta auna  a farkon jerin (wanda aka dangana ga polycystic ovary syndrome ).   Thore ya zama sananne lokacin da tsohon gidan rediyon safiya ya nuna, *Jared da Katie a cikin Morning* a kan *107.5 KZL*, a Greensboro, North Carolina, sun fito tare da buga "107.5 KZL's Fat Girl Dancing",  tare da fiye da miliyan takwas ra'ayoyi akan YouTube . 

## Yin wasan kwaikwayo

* Whitney Way Thore
* Barbara "Babs" Thore
* Glenn Thore
* Hunter Thore
* Buddy Bell
* Ashley Baynes
* Todd Beasley
* Tal Fish
* Heather Sykes (lokaci na 2-9)

## Manazarta
Abincin da nake ci ya fi naka kyau

***Diet Dina Ya Fi Naku*** Silsilar Gasar Gasa ta Gaskiya ta Amurka wacce aka fara gabatarwa a ABC a ranar 7 ga Janairu, 2016.  Shirin hasarar nauyi ya ƙunshi 'yan takara biyar waɗanda kowannensu ya zaɓi mai horarwa da nau'in abincin da suka yi imanin ya fi dacewa da su; Daga baya masu fafatawa sun watsar da masu horar da su a cikin tsarin kawar da su idan sakamakon bai gamsar ba. 

## Masu horarwa
Masu horarwa, tarihinsu da kuma hanyar cin abinci da aka zaɓa a cikin shirin sune: 

* Shaun T  Mai watsa shiri
* Anna Kaiser  Co-host
* Dawn Jackson Blatner
* Abel James
* Carolyn Barnes ne adam wata
* Rob Sulaver
* Jovanka Ciares
* Jennifer Cassetta
* Jay Cardiello

## Manazarta
Cibiyar Nazarin Shari'a da Siyasa ta Kasa don hana Girman Yara

**Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Ƙasa da Harkokin Shari'a don Hana Kiba na Yara**, ko **NPLAN** a takaice, kungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta hanyar Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, kuma wanda, bisa ga shafin yanar gizonsa, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a kokarin da Gidauniyar ke yi na sake juyar da cutar kiba ta hanyar 2015,  sadaukarwar da aka sanar a cikin 2007, a cikin 2007  da abokin tarayya . Rayuwa ta Zane da Cibiyar Rudd don Manufar Abinci da Kiba a Yale . 

Ana gudanar da su ta hanyar ChangeLab Solutions, asalin da aka fi sani da Dokar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a da Manufofin,  wanda ke mai da hankali ba kawai akan kiba ba har ma da ka'idojin taba.  NPLAN tana ba da shawarar harajin soda, musamman harajin haƙori, kuma sun buga dokar ƙima wacce ke keɓance kuɗaɗen da aka tara don zuwa shirye-shirye don hanawa da magance kiba. 

A cewar Ƙungiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Amirka, suna ba da "taimakon fasaha na doka da aka mayar da hankali kan manufofin rigakafin kiba na yara." Har ila yau, Cibiyar sadarwa ta "ɓullo da ƙa'idodin yin lakabin menu na samfuri, na buƙatar gidajen cin abinci na sarkar don sanya kalori da sauran bayanan abinci mai gina jiki akan menus."  NPLAN ta ba da shawarar yin amfani da dokokin ba da izini da na yanki don "samar da yadda ake amfani da ƙasa da yadda kasuwancin ke gudana,"  kuma ya yaba da ƙa'idodin da ke buƙatar ka'idodin abinci mai gina jiki kan abincin da ake sayar da su a cikin injinan ciye-ciye a makarantu.  A cewar gidan yanar gizon su, suna "aiki a kan batutuwa huɗu masu fa'ida: tsarin abinci na al'umma lafiya, makarantu masu kyau, tsare-tsaren amfani da ƙasa mai kyau, da tallan abinci ."  Darektan kula da lafiyar jama'a da manufofin Barungiyar Bar Association ta Amurka Marice Ashe ta rubuta haka nan ba da jimawa ba bayan an sanar da kafa NPLAN: "NPLAN za ta yi aiki a matsayin incubator inda lauyoyi, masu tsara manufofi, masu ba da shawara, da masana kimiyya suka haɗu don samar da kayan aikin doka da manufofin da albarkatu. Kamar yadda aka haɓaka bincike da samfurori, NPLAN kuma za ta yi aiki a matsayin tushen samar da fasaha na kasa da kasa don samun damar yin amfani da doka. 

## Manazarta
Sauti Jiki Sauti Zuciya

**UCLA Health Sound Jikin Sauti Mind** ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta Amurka (501(c)(3)) wacce ke haɓaka dogaro da kai da zaɓin salon rayuwa mai kyau tsakanin yara.  Cindy da Bill Simon sun kafa Gidauniyar a cikin 1999 kuma a halin yanzu tana cikin Los Angeles, California.  A ranar 6 ga Maris, 2015 Gidauniyar Sound Body Sound Mind Foundation ta haɗu tare da Tsarin Kiwon Lafiya na UCLA don ƙara faɗaɗa isarsu a cikin al'ummar Los Angeles. 

## Aiki
UCLA Lafiya Sauti Jiki Sauti Hankali yana fama da kiba na yara ta hanyar aiwatar da cibiyoyin motsa jiki a makarantun tsakiya da manyan makarantu a California,  Colorado,  yankin Florida da Texas. Har ila yau, Gidauniyar tana horar da masu koyar da ilimin motsa jiki don fadada iliminsu da tasirinsu ga matasan yau. Ana koyar da zaɓaɓɓun malamai na jiki bisa ga Tsarin Sauti Mai Sauti Mai Sauti  wanda shine tarin darussan 36  wanda ke haifar da yanayin da ke ba da tabbaci da ƙwarewa a cikin ɗaliban su. Sound Body Sound Mind ya ha]a hannu da sama da makarantu 100, ya shafi sama da ]alibai 100,000 a kowace shekara, ya ba da gudummawar sama da dala miliyan 4, ya kuma horar da sama da malamai 400 na jiki.  A farkon 2012, Sound Body Sound Mind ya kara sabbin tallafi guda biyu ga shirin su, tallafin Kulawa  da Bayan Makarantar  . Tallafin Kulawa yana ba da $5,000 ga makarantun haɗin gwiwa don kula da kayan aiki a Cibiyar Jikin Sauti na Sauti na Jiki. Tallafin Bayan Makarantun Gidauniyar ya ba da $2500 ga makarantun haɗin gwiwa don kulawar Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Jiki Sound Mind bayan sa'o'in makaranta.

## Manazarta
Ƙungiyar Aiki kan Girman Yara

Tawagar **Task Force Kiba Yara** wata ƙungiya ce ta gwamnatin Amurka da ke da alhakin rage kiba a cikin yara a Amurka. An kafa ta ne a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 2010, ta hanyar gwamnatin Obama ta hanyar takardar shaidar shugaban kasa, inda ta sanar da kafa Task Force on Childhood Obesity. Rundunar ta yi niyyar samar da wani shiri na rage kiba ga yara. A cikin sanarwar, shugaba Barack Obama ya yi karin haske kan alkaluman kiba kan yara kanana a Amurka tare da bayyana matakan da wannan sabuwar rundunar za ta dauka domin kawo karshen kiba a yara. Sashi na 1 na takardar yana cewa:An kafa Task Force on Childhood Obesity (Task Force) don samar da tsarin aiki tare don magance matsalar kiba a tsakanin yaran Al'ummarmu a cikin tsararraki. Mataimakin shugaban kasa kan manufofin cikin gida zai yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Task Force. An tsara wannan aikin ne don tallafawa shirin gwamnati na " Mu Motsa! ", wanda Michelle Obama ta fara sanar a watan Fabrairun 2010. Shirin Mu Motsa ya yi kama da aikin, sai dai ya mayar da hankali kan shigar da karin abokan hulɗa a cikin hanyar rage kiba yara fiye da gwamnatin Amurka kawai. 

## Manufa
Uwargidan shugaban kasa Michelle Obama ce ta zayyana makasudin Kungiyar Task Force Task Force a cikin shirin Task Force Action Plan. Shirin ya ƙunshi maƙasudai guda biyar waɗanda ke samun goyan bayan takamaiman shawarwari 70. 

## Manazarta
Nauyin Al'umma

***The Weight of the Nation*** jerin shirye-shirye ne mai kashi huɗu wanda cibiyar sadarwar gidan talabijin ta USB ta Amurka HBO ta samar. Da yake magana game da karuwar cutar kiba a Amurka, an fara watsa shi a watan Mayu 2012. Jerin shirye-shiryen ya haɗa da haɗin gwiwa tare da Cibiyoyin Lafiya na Ƙasa, Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka da Cibiyar Magunguna .   John Hoffman ne ya shirya shi. 

Masu sharhin kimiyya da aka bayyana a cikin shirin sun haɗa da Francis Collins,  Samuel Klein, Rudolph Leibel, Robert Lustig, da Kelly D. Brownell .

## Manazarta
Dokar Rayuwa ta Yammacin Virginia ta 2005

**Dokar West Virginia Healthy Lifestyles Act na 2005** wata doka ce ta jihar West Virginia da aka kafa a 2005. Gwamna Joe Manchin III ya sanya hannu kan doka, manufar dokar ita ce magance kiba a cikin jihar.  Majalisar dokokin jihar ta gano a cikin 2005 cewa " kiba matsala ce ta adadin annoba " a West Virginia.  he

## Tanadi
An gabatar da shi azaman **Bill 2816**, Dokar Rayuwa ta Lafiya ta West Virginia ta ƙunshi umarni biyar na tushen makaranta waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙididdigar ilimin kiwon lafiya, ƙimar lafiyar jiki, ilimin motsa jiki, ƙididdigar ƙididdigar jiki (BMI) da kuma samun wadataccen abin sha a makarantu. 

Dokar ta hana makarantun firamare, na tsakiya, da ƙananan makarantun sakandare sayar da kayan shaye-shaye a wuraren da ɗalibai za su iya shiga lokacin makaranta. An ba wa manyan makarantu damar sayar da kayan shaye-shaye masu laushi a cikin injunan siyarwa a lokacin makaranta kawai idan sun kuma ba da zaɓin abin sha mai kyau kuma kawai idan aƙalla kashi hamsin na abubuwan sha da ake ganin suna da lafiya. Doka ta amince da abubuwan sha masu kyau a matsayin ruwa, madara maras kitse, ruwan 'ya'yan itace da aka yi kashi dari bisa dari daga 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari, da sauran abubuwan sha tare da ƙarancin ruwan 'ya'yan itace na gaske na kashi ashirin. Wannan kaso na dokar ya bayyana cewa, “Kashi saba’in da biyar na ribar da ake samu daga siyar da abubuwan sha da abubuwan sha masu kyau, za a ware su ne da kuri’u mafi rinjaye na majalisar dattawan kowace makaranta da kashi ashirin da biyar cikin dari na ribar da aka samu daga siyar da abubuwan sha da abubuwan sha masu kyau za a ware su ne domin siyan kayayyakin da ake bukata daga shugaban makarantar. 

Carole Harris, Farfesa na Jami'ar Halayya da Jami'ar Wals Virginia, ta gudanar da bincike wanda ka'idojin aikin Makaranta na Yammacin Virginia. Dokta Harris ya lura cewa shiga da dalibai da makarantu suka yi a ilimin kiwon lafiya da gwajin motsa jiki ya inganta, amma kimanin kashi 40 cikin dari na makarantu ba su iya cika ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin biyar umarni a cikin aikin: "Haɗin waɗannan manufofi don abinci mai gina jiki da motsa jiki ya sa West Virginia daya daga cikin jihohi mafi ci gaba a kasar idan ya zo ga magance kiba na yara da kuma batutuwan da suka shafi. 

## Manazarta
Renee Williams

**Renee Williams** (Yuni 4, 1977 - Maris 4, 2007) wata Ba'amurke ce da aka yi imanin ita ce mace mafi girma a duniya a lokacin mutuwarta  a cikin 2007 daga matsalolin da suka biyo bayan tiyatar da aka yi mata saboda rashin kiba . Williams kuma ya kasance daya daga cikin mutanen da suka fi nauyi da aka taɓa rayuwa kuma ɗaya daga cikin mafi nauyi da aka taba yi ta hanyar wuce gona da iri.  A cikin shekaru 12, Williams ya riga ya kasance a cikin nau'in ƙiba mai yawa, wanda ke nufin ƙididdigar yawan jiki fiye da 50. Bayan hadarin mota a shekarar 2003 ta ƙasa tafiya, wanda ya kara taimakawa wajen karuwar nauyinta. 

An nuna Williams a cikin shirin talabijin na Amurka *mai ban mamaki Labarun Likita*  kuma ita ma ta kasance batun shirin talabijin na Birtaniya mai suna *Half Ton Mum* wanda aka watsa a Channel 4 bayan mutuwarta a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin *[[BodyShock]]* .   Shirin ya bayyana cewa ta kuma riƙe kambun duniya na kasancewa mutum mafi nauyi da aka taba yi mata tiyatar hana ciki a cikinta a dutse 63, ko kuma wajen 880 lbs. A lokacin da Williams ta je asibiti don neman hanyar wucewar ciki, Likitoci sun ƙididdige Ma'aunin Jikinta ya wuce 160, inda BMI mai nauyin 50+ ake la'akari da "super-mobidly obese". Tawagar likitoci iri ɗaya ce ta yi mata jinya da Kenneth Brumley, batun takwaransa na shirin *Half Ton Dad*, wanda ya haɗa da Dr. Younan Nowzaradan *[[My 600-lb Life|Life na 600-lb]]* .

## Manazarta
Duniya ta dace

**World Fit** shiri ne na Kwamitin Olympics na Amurka (USOC), da kuma {ungiyar 'yan wasan Olympics da na nakasassu ta {asar Amirka (USOP)  don inganta lafiyar jiki da kuma manufofin wasannin Olympics ga yara makaranta ta hanyar shirye-shiryen motsa jiki na yara, shirye-shiryen motsa jiki na makaranta, da shirye-shiryen kiba na yara . World Fit wani bangare ne na babbar hanyar sadarwa ta rigakafin kiba a duniya, EPODE International Network 

## Game da

* Gary Hall Sr., MD, Babban Darakta na Fitila na Duniya, dan wasan ninkaya na Olympics
* Anne Cribbs, 'yar wasan ninkaya ta Olympics
* Dick Fosbury, dan tseren tsere da filin Olympic.

World Fit  yana haɓaka shirye-shiryen motsa jiki na matasa da manufofin Olympics a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniya ta Olympics zuwa shirye-shiryen motsa jiki na tsakiya ga yara ta hanyar sanya 'yan wasan Olympics da 'yan wasan nakasassu su zama abin koyi don dacewa.

'Yan wasan Olympics na Amurka da 'yan wasan nakasassu sun rungumi makarantu don rayuwa, suna haɓaka al'adun lafiya da dacewa ga yara, ƙarfafa ɗalibai game da mahimmancin lafiya da dacewa, da haɓaka ƙimar Olympics na juriya, girmamawa da wasa mai kyau.

Kimanin 'yan wasan Olympics 7,000 na Amurka da nakasassu ne USOP ke daukar ma'aikata don ɗaukar aƙalla makaranta, kuma suna magana kowace shekara ga ɗalibanta game da mahimmancin ayyukan motsa jiki na jiki & salon rayuwa mai koshin lafiya, da haɓaka shirye-shiryen tafiya makaranta.

* EPODE International Network, babbar hanyar rigakafin kiba a duniya
* Majalisar Shugaban Kasa akan Jihawa, Wasanni, da Abinci
* Kyautar Zakaran Shugaban Kasa
* Kalubalen Shugaban Kasa

## Manazarta
Mikel Ruffinelli

**Mikel Ruffinelli** wata mace Ba’amurke ce wacce a halin yanzu take rike da tarihin mafi girman kwatangwalo a duniya,  a cewar Cibiyar rikodin rikodin duniya.  Nauyinta ya fi  kuma hips dinta suna auna  a kewaye, duk da cewa kugu  ne kawai . Tana  tsayi.

Mikel yarinya ce mai girman al'ada kuma a farkon shekarunta 20s tayi nauyi sama da matsakaicin  ku. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;, ta sanya  bayan haihuwar farko Andrew. Bayan 'ya'yan Destynee, Autumn, da Justyce suka biyo baya, nauyinta da kwatangwalo sun kara karuwa.

Tana cin matsakaicin adadin kuzari 5,000 a rana.

Yana yiwuwa wannan tarin kitse mai ban mamaki wani mataki ne na ci gaba na yanayin likita da ake kira lipedema .

## Manazarta
Blake F. Donaldson

**Blake Ferguson Donaldson** (6 Mayu 1892 - 19 Fabrairu 1966) likitan Ba'amurke ne, mafarauci kuma farkon mai ba da shawarar cin nama-kawai, wanda daga baya ya zama sananne da cin nama .

## Sana'a
Donaldson likita ne a Asibitin Kolejin Long Island da ke Brooklyn a cikin 1913.  Donaldson ya kasance Lieutenant na Farko a Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Arewa maso Gabas na Asibitin Red Cross da aka aika zuwa Faransa lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya .  A cikin Mayu 1917, an sanya shi aiki a Tsibirin Governors . 

Donaldson ya kasance likita mazaunin a New York Post-Graduate Medical School .  A cikin 1921, Donaldson ya bincika yawancin yara daga Gabashin Gabas na New York kuma ya gano cewa syphilis ba shine babban abin da ke haifar da cututtukan zuciya ba.  A cikin 1925, Donaldson ya kasance Mai koyarwa na Clinical in Medicine a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta New York Post-Graduate.  Ya kasance tsohon babban jami'in kula da lafiya a asibitin birnin New York .  Donaldson kwararre ne a fannin likitancin ciki kuma ofishinsa yana a 121 East 60th Street, New York. 

## ''Magani mai karfi''
Donaldson ya rubuta *Strong Medicine* wanda Doubleday ya buga a cikin 1962. Littafin ya ba da shawarar sabbin nama mai kitse, ruwa da motsa jiki don magance allergies, cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, ciwon sukari, hauhawar jini, gallstones da kiba .   Littafin ya bayyana abinci "manyan mugayen bakwai": madara, kirim, ice cream, qwai, cuku, cakulan da gari waɗanda yakamata a cire su daga abincin.  Likita Charles G. Heyd ya rubuta gabatarwa mai goyan baya ga littafin. 

Abincin da Donaldson ya sanya majiyyata a kai ya ƙunshi nama mai kitse guda uku a rana, kofuna uku na kofi da gilashin ruwa shida.  

## Manazarta
Thomas Dutton (likitan)

**Thomas Dutton** LRCP LRCS (1854 - Nuwamba 1935) ɗan Burtaniya ne mai cin abinci kuma likita .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Dutton ya sami MB da MD daga Jami'ar Durham .  Ya kasance memba na Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh kuma mai lasisi na Royal College of Surgeons na Edinburgh . Dutton ya kasance mai ba da shawara a Harley Street kuma ya ƙware a fannin abinci.  Ya kasance likitan tiyata na girmamawa ga Royal Defence Corps kuma tsohon mataimakin shugaban kungiyar Abinci mai tsafta. Ya rubuta ayyukan likitanci da yawa waɗanda aka yi bitarsu sosai.    A cikin 1892, littafinsa *Indigestion: Clearly Explained, Treated, And Dieted* an kwatanta shi da wani mai bita a cikin *The British Medical Journal* "a matsayin ɗan ƙaramin littafi mai amfani sosai, cike da ma'ana mai kyau da hikimar hikima".  Dutton ya kasance mai ba da shawara na heliotherapy a matsayin maganin phthisis, tarin fuka da zazzabin typhoid .  

## Manazarta
Jason Fung

**Jason Fung** (an haife shi a cikin 1973) ɗan asalin ƙasar Kanada ne kuma mai ba da shawara kan rage cin abinci mai ƙarancin carbohydrate wanda ke haɓaka tsaka-tsaki da tsawaita azumi .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Fung ya kammala karatun digirinsa na likitanci daga Jami'ar Toronto kuma ya kammala zama da haɗin gwiwa a fannin ilimin nephrology a Jami'ar California, Los Angeles .  

Fung marubucin littafai ne da ke ba da shawarar yin azumi da rage cin abinci mai yawan mai.    Littafinsa na farko, *Cikakken Jagoran Azumi* tare da Jimmy Moore ya buga shi a cikin 2016 kuma ya ba da haske ga dukkan al'amuran al'adun azumi.  *The Obesity Code* da *The Diabetes Code* aka daga baya aka buga a 2016 da 2018.   Littafinsa *The Obesity Code Cookbook* da aka buga a 2019.  A cikin 2020, Fung co-authored tare da naturopath Nadia Brito Pateguana *The PCOS ta hanyar naturopath Nadia Brito Pateguanavent ta hanyar PCOS da kuma Predrostic Plany. Azumi* .  Littafinsa *The Cancer Code*, wanda aka buga a cikin 2020 yana ba da shawarar yin azumi na tsaka-tsaki da ƙarancin abinci mai ƙarancin carbohydrate don rage haɗarin cutar kansa.  A cikin 2021, Fung ya haɗu da *littafin Cookbook Code Code Diabetes* tare da Alison Maclean.  Fung ya ba da shawarar cewa "babu laifi" a cikin azumin har zuwa wata guda. 

Fung shine darektan kungiyar mai zaman kanta Haɗin gwiwar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a.  Shi mai ba da shawara ne kan aikin likitanci . 

## Manazarta
Yunkurin Juyin Mulki a Laberiya, 1985

Janar Thomas Quiwonkpa wanda ya kasance jagoran juyin mulkin shekarar 1980 tare da shugaba Samuel Doe kuma ya kafa jam'iyyar National Patriotic Front of Laberiya (NPFL) ne ya yi **yunkurin juyin mulkin kasar Laberiya a shekarar 1985** . A ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 1985, wata guda bayan gudanar da zaɓe, Quiwonkpa, tare da goyan bayan wasu mutane kimanin dozin biyu ɗauke da manyan makamai, suka shiga Laberiya a ɓoye ta Saliyo, suka ƙaddamar da juyin mulkin Doe. Juyin mulkin ya haifar da mummunar gazawa kuma an kama Quiwonkpa kuma a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba sojojin Krahn masu biyayya ga Doe suka kashe su kuma suka yanke su,  wanda aka ruwaito ya ci sassan jikinsa. 

Samuel Doe ya kuma sanar a wani gidan rediyo da talabijin cewa duk wanda aka samu a kan titi bayan dokar hana fita da karfe 6 na yamma za a dauki shi a matsayin dan tawaye kuma a kashe shi nan take.

Bayan yunkurin juyin mulkin, sojojin Doe sun kashe dubban fararen hula a mtsayin ramuwar gayya. 

## Manazarta
Ƙungiyar Crocodile

**Ƙungiyar Crocodile** wata ƙungiya ce ta asirce ta Yammacin Afirka da ke yin cin naman mutane . Ƙungiyar Crocodile ta kasance a Laberiya da Saliyo a ƙarshen 1800s da farkon 1900s. 

* Cin cin naman mutane a Afirka
* Damisa Society
* Al'ummar Poro

## Manazarta

* Mitchell, Harry (2002) *Kusurwoyi masu nisa: Memoir na Saliyo* The Radcliffe Press, London, shafi.&nbsp;191-192, 
* Kotun sabunta 'yan gudun hijira: Ƙungiyoyin sirri na Laberiya - Neegee community
Mutanen Iyaelima

**Iyaelima ƙabila** ce mai yawan jama'a kusan 2,500 waɗanda ke zaune a ƙauyuka takwas a yankin kudancin Salonga National Park (SNP) a Jamhuriyar Demokaradiyyar Kongo .  Suna cikin ƙungiyar Mongo ta Bantu .  Ko da yake suna aikin noma slash-da-kone da farautar naman daji, ba su da wani tasiri a kan muhalli. Iyaelima ba sa kashe bonobos, biri mai alaƙa da mutane waɗanda yawansu ya fi girma a yankin Iyaelima fiye da sauran wurare. 

## Wuri
An kafa filin shakatawa na Salonga a matsayin wurin shakatawa na Tshuapa a cikin 1956, kuma ya sami iyakokinsa na yanzu tare da umarnin shugaban kasa na 1970 ta Shugaba Mobutu Sese Seko .  An yi rajista a matsayin Cibiyar Tarihi ta Duniya ta UNESCO a cikin 1984.  Mafi yawan gandun daji na Salonga ana samun su ta kogi kawai.  Yankin da ke kudu maso yamma na wurin shakatawa da Iyaelima ke mamaye yana samun isa ta kogin Lokoro, wanda ke ratsa ta tsakiya. Kogin Lokolo yana bayyana iyakar arewa da kogin Lula a kudu. 

Lokacin da aka kafa SNP, an kori akasarin mazaunan amma Iyaelima sun ci gaba da zama.  Iyaelima sun sami suna a matsayin mayaka masu girman kai, waɗanda suka yi taka tsantsan don nomawa. An ba su izinin zama a ƙarƙashin dokar da ta rarraba su a matsayin "namun daji". 

Tsarin wurin shakatawa ya dogara ne akan tsarin gandun daji na Amurka wanda a cikinsa ake share yankunan jeji daga mazaunansu na asali. Asusun namun daji na duniya (WWF) yana ta matsa lamba don yin haka tare da Iyaelima, mazaunan ƙarshe na SNP.  Iyaelima suna adawa da wurin shakatawa, ga ma'aikatan Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature (ICCN) masu kula da shi da masu gadin wurin shakatawa. Ba a sanar da su dokokin wuraren shakatawa ba, misali na hana fataucin namun daji, kuma galibi suna hulɗa da ma’aikatan ICCN kan matsalolin shari’a. Ɗaya daga cikin Iyaelima ne kawai ke aiki a wurin shakatawa. 

## Manazarta
Mutanen Jabo

**Jabo** ( ,  bambance-bambancen haruffa *Dyabo*, *Djabo* ) ita ce ƙirar kanta ta wata ƙabila da ke kudu maso gabashin Jamhuriyar Laberiya a Yammacin Afirka . Har ila yau, wani lokaci suna kiran kansu da **[[Jabo people#Gweabo|Gweabo]]**  ko kuma kabilar **[[Jabo people#Nimiah|Nimiah]]** . 

Har ila yau, masu magana da Ingilishi suna amfani da sunan ƙungiyar don memba ɗaya na wannan rukunin, ko don nau'in maganganunsu.

## Kabila
Kamar yawancin maƙwabtansu a yankin, Jabo sun bayyana halayen ƙabilanci,  kuma a kai a kai da kansu da wasu suna kiran su a matsayin *[[Ƙabila|kabila]]*, kalmar da a Laberiya yana da ma'ana mara kyau a mafi kyau. Rudani na iya tasowa saboda yanayin cewa a Laberiya ma ana amfani da kalmar Ingilishi "kabila" a wasu lokuta ga " gundumomin gudanarwa " na biyu," waɗanda ba lallai ba ne su dace da "ƙabilu" da aka ayyana a cikin ƙa'idodin ƙabilanci na gida. Hakanan ana amfani da "Kabila" lokaci-lokaci don "ƙabi" na gudanarwa na tsari na uku lokacin da na karshen ya ƙunshi dangi da yawa na ƙabilanci, da ma wasu nau'ikan ƙungiyoyin ad hoc iri-iri ko ƙasa da haka. 

## Manazarta
Mugunta ta Kindu

**Kisan Kisan Kindu**, ko **Kindu Atrocity**, ya faru a ranar goma sha daya 11 zuwa 12 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta alif 1961 a Kindu Port-Émpain, a cikin Kongo-Léopoldville (tsohon Kongo Belgian ). Wasu ma'aikatan jirgin saman Italiya 13 da ke cikin tawagar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Kongo da aka tura domin shawo kan rikicin Kongo sun kashe tare da ci

Ma'aikatan jirgin na Italiya sun mallaki jirgin C-119 guda biyu, jirgin tagwayen jigilar injuna da aka fi sani da *Flying Boxcars*, na 46ª Aerobrigata da ke filin jirgin saman Pisa .

## Fage
An san DR Congo tana da albarkatu masu yawa da suka haɗa da, amma ba'a iyakance ga, tagulla, tantalum, cobalt, zinariya, da lu'u-lu'u ba. Domin samun iko da waɗannan albarkatu, Belgium (da sauran ƙasashen turai ke marawa baya) ta yi wa DRC mulkin mallaka a tsakiyar 1800s kuma ta kula da tsarin zalunci, bauta, da hakar albarkatu. Bayan zanga-zangar, ƙungiyoyin demokraɗiyya, ƙarin farashi, da matsin lamba na ƙasa da ƙasa sun sanya ci gaba da matsayinsu ba zai yuwu ba, Beljiyam ta amince da miƙa mulki ga Kongo. Belgium ta bar Kongo-Léopoldville (a yau da ake kira Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo ) kamar yadda aka amince  amma hargitsi na siyasa da gudanarwa ya biyo baya. Babban yakin cacar baka da kudi sun taka rawa wajen sanya lamarin ya fi tsanani ta hanyar nuna goyon baya ga ballewar yankuna biyu, Kudancin Kasai da Katanga .  Katanga ita ce lardi mafi arziki a ƙasar tare da muhimman ayyukan hakar ma'adinai.

Bangarorin uku sun hada da: Joseph Kasa-Vubu 's, tare da sojoji karkashin jagorancin Janar Joseph-Désiré Mobutu, bangaren magoya bayan Lumumba karkashin jagorancin Antoine Gizenga tare da dakarun da ke karkashin jagorancin Janar Victor Lundula dake rike da lardin gabas, da kuma bangaren Moise Tshombe na Katangan, tare da gendarmes da ke samun goyon bayan sojojin haya na kasashen waje.

## Manazarta
Ƙungiyar Leopard

**Ƙungiyar damisa**, **damisa**, da **damisa ,** sunaye ne da aka yi amfani da su ga ƙungiyoyin asiri na ainihi ko waɗanda ake zargi da su da suka yi aiki a Yammacin Afirka da Tsakiyar Afirka daga ƙarshen 19th zuwa tsakiyar 20th.  Irin waɗannan al'ummomi sun wanzu a yankuna da dama na Afirka kuma sun kasance masu zaman kansu gaba ɗaya.   Ana iya samun farkon ambaton ɗaya daga cikinsu a cikin wallafe-wallafen Yamma a cikin *Saliyo na George Banbury, ko Kabari na White Man* (1888).  A cikin al'adun Yammacin Turai, an yi amfani da hotunan irin waɗannan al'ummomi don nuna 'yan Afirka a matsayin dabbanci da rashin wayewa. 

## Lissafi
Maza damisa wani lamari ne na gaske, amma wanda masu mulkin mulkin mallaka da sauran mutanen waje suka fahimce shi sosai, musamman na Turawa. Litattafan tarihi na abubuwan da suka yi sau da yawa ba su fahimci manufarsu da tsarin aikinsu ba, suna haɗa “jita-jita masu ban mamaki da jita-jita” tare da yuwuwar ingantattun bayanai.  Bugu da ƙari, asusun waje sau da yawa ya kasa bambance tsakanin al'ummomi daban-daban na "damisa na ɗan adam", maimakon haɗuwa da duk ayyukansu tare. 

## Manazarta
Herbert Ward (mai zane-zane)

**Herbert Ward** (11 Janairu 1863, London - 5 ga Agusta 1919, Neuilly-sur-Seine ) ɗan sculptor ne na Biritaniya, mai zane, marubuci, kuma mai bincike a Afirka. Ya kasance memba na Henry Morton Stanley 's Emin Pasha Relief Expedition kuma ya zama aminin Roger Casement yayin da suke aiki a cikin Kongo Free State . Daga baya Ward ya zama sculptor kuma ya zauna a Faransa. An ba shi lambar yabo ta *Croix de Guerre*,  sau biyu ana ambatonsa a cikin aikawasiku a yakin duniya na daya, ya kasance jami'in *Légion d'Honneur*  kuma memba na Royal Society of British Sculptors . 

## Rayuwar farko
Ward ya bar makarantar Mill Hill yana dan shekara 15 kuma ya yi tafiya zuwa New Zealand, ya shafe shekaru uku masu zuwa a New Zealand da Australia . Ya kasance "kauri-gum digger, ma'adinin kwal da zinariya, mahayin jari, mai wasan circus kuma mai yin jirgin ruwa".  Ya yi shekara guda a matsayin ɗan ƙarami tare da Kamfanin Arewacin Borneo na Burtaniya, amma cutar zazzabin cizon sauro ya tilasta masa komawa Ingila.

## A Kongo
A cikin 1884, Ward ya sadu da Henry Morton Stanley a Landan, lokacin da aka yi masa hira da shi a matsayin jami'i a sabuwar Jamhuriyar Kwango Free State, wani yanki mai zaman kansa na Sarki Leopold na Belgium. Stanley ya ba da shawarar Ward don matsayi, kuma ya yi aiki na shekaru biyu masu zuwa tare da babba da ƙananan kogin Kongo, inda ya fara saduwa da Roger Casement . Wannan na baya-bayan nan yana aikin gina titin jirgin kasa don kewaya cataracts na ƙananan kogin. Bayan an maye gurbinsa da wani jami'in Belgium, Ward ya shiga Kamfanin Binciken Sanford.

A cikin Maris 1887, bayan ya bar Kamfanin Sanford, Ward yana komawa Ingila lokacin da ya sake ci karo da Stanley, wanda ke hada Emin Pasha Relief Expedition . Stanley ya nada Ward a matsayin laftanar kuma ya sanya shi a ƙarƙashin umarnin Manjo Edmund Barttelot a ginshiƙin baya na balaguro. Stanley ya bar ginshiƙin baya, wanda ya ƙunshi ƴan dako 250 da jami’ai biyar, a watan Yuni 1887, yana cewa “Zan same ku a nan cikin Oktoba idan na dawo.” Saboda jinkirin Stanley, ginshiƙin baya ya kasance a Yambuya kusa da Kogin Aruwimi na watanni goma sha huɗu masu zuwa, maimakon huɗu. A lokacin, fiye da 100 daga cikin 'yan dako sun mutu, kuma biyu daga cikin jami'anta sun mutu ba da daɗewa ba. 

## Manazarta
Cin nama a Asiya

An ba da rahoton ayyukan **cin naman mutane a Asiya** daga sassa daban-daban na nahiyar, tun daga tsohon tarihi zuwa karni na 21. Cin cin naman mutane yana da kyau musamman ga China da tsibiran da a yau na Indonesiya suke. cin naman mutane a kasar Sin yana da bangarori daban-daban, ya taso daga al'amuran da suka haifar da karancin abinci a lokacin yunwa da yake-yake, zuwa ayyukan da aka yarda da su a al'adu da suka hada da daukar fansa, imani da likitanci, har ma da jin dadin abinci. Bayanai daga tarihi ashirin da hudu na kasar Sin sun rubuta fiye da kashi dari uku na cin naman mutane, yawancinsu ana ganinsu a matsayin wata hanya ta kaucewa yunwa. An kuma yi amfani da cin naman mutane a matsayin ramuwar gayya, inda daidaikun jama’a da jami’an gwamnati ke cin naman makiya domin kara wulakanta su da kuma hukunta su. Har ila yau, Tarihi ya rubuta lokutta da yawa na cin naman son rai, sau da yawa ya shafi matasa waɗanda ke ba da wasu naman jikinsu ga marasa lafiya a matsayin hanyar magani . Rahotanni dabam-dabam, musamman daga tarihi na farko da na zamanin da, sun nuna cewa ana iya yin hidimar naman ’yan Adam a liyafa masu daɗi kuma wasu suna ɗaukan abinci mai daɗi. Gabaɗaya, rahotanni daga tarihin kasar Sin sun nuna cewa mutane ba su da ra'ayin cin naman ɗan adam fiye da yadda mutum zai yi tsammani a yau.

Batun cin naman mutane a kasar Sin ya ci gaba har zuwa karni na 20, musamman a lokacin da ake ci gaba da samun ci gaba a cikin yunwa (1958-1962). A lokacin juyin juya halin al'adu (1966-1976), al'amura da dama da suka haifar da ƙiyayya maimakon yunwa kamar sun faru.

A cikin Sumatra, an rubuta ayyukan cin naman mutane musamman don ƙarni na 14 da na 19, tare da yara da aka saya, da aka kashe ko aka kama maƙiyan, da kuma kashe masu laifi da aka ambata a matsayin wadanda abin ya shafa. A Borneo makwabciyarta, wasu mutanen Dayak sun ci naman mutane, musamman a yanayin balaguron farauta da yakin yaƙi. A cikin duka tsibiran da kuma a kasar Sin, an yaba da naman ɗan adam da cewa yana da daɗi sosai. Lissafi daga karni na 20 da farkon 21st sun nuna cewa cin 

An ba da rahoton bullar cutar cin naman mutane daga Koriya ta Arewa a tsakiyar shekarun 1990 da kuma lokacin yunwar da suka biyo baya, amma ana muhawara game da yawaitar su. Rahotanni daban-daban sun nuna cewa wasu sojojin Japan sun ci naman mutane a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, saboda yunwa ko kuma wani lokacin ƙiyayya.

## Manazarta
Byatta

**Byatta** ( Burmese  ,  ) babban kwamanda ne a rundunar sojojin sarki Anawrahta . Wani jirgin ruwa ne, wanda ya shiga hidimar Anawrahta bayan da jirgin ruwa ya lalace a Thaton . Ya haifi 'ya'ya maza biyu ta hanyar fure-fure daga gundumar Popa . ’Ya’yan Shwe Hpyin Gyi da Shwe Hpyin Nge daga baya sun shiga ’yan Burma a matsayin Shwe Hpyin Brothers. 

## Asalin
'Yan kasuwan musulmin jirgin ruwa ya tarwatse daga birnin Thaton kuma wasu 'yan'uwa biyu daga cikinsu sun isa birnin suna hawan wani katako, wanda ya bi ta gabar teku kusa da Thaton. An san su da Byatwi da Byatta.  Bayan sun isa gaɓar, sai suka fake a gidan sufi, inda wani abba ke zaune, wanda Sarki Manuha na Masarautar Thaton ke girmama shi. Sufaye ya kula da su kusa da shi.

Wata rana, a cikin rashi na monk, 'yan'uwa biyu sun dafa kuma suka ci gawar matattu Zawgyi, wani nau'i-nau'i mai kama da halitta tare da ikon allahntaka da alchemist wanda aka samo ta hanyar kwatsam a cikin gandun daji, wanda aka adana shi don magani, wanda zai iya bauta wa duka elixir na rayuwa da ikon sihiri. Sun sami iko na ban mamaki. Irin wannan labari ya bazu ko'ina cikin masarautar kuma daga karshe ya shiga kunnen sarki, wanda ya damu da rashin lafiya. Don haka ya umarci mutanensa da su kama su. Mutanen sarki suka kama Byatwi suka kashe shi, sa'an nan suka tarwatsa gawarsa suka binne sassan bangon birnin a matsayin kariya daga maƙiyan da za su iya kai hari su kwace birnin.

Byatta duk da haka, ya tsere kuma zai iya gudu zuwa Bagan, inda ya bauta wa Sarki Anawrahta, wanda daga baya ya nada shi a matsayin 'jami'in furanni' don ƙarfinsa na mutumtaka. Ya hau dokinsa kullum don isa Dutsen Popa mai nisan mil 30 kudu da Bagan,  ya tattara ya ba sarki furanni idan ya dawo. Shi da wata yarinya mai suna Me Wunna a kan dutse (labarin ya ce ita 'yar fure ce da ke zaune a kan dutsen) sun ƙaunaci juna kuma suka haifi 'ya'ya maza biyu, wanda ake kira Shwe Hpyin Brothers.

## Manazarta
Alcohol da ciwon nono

Dangantakar da ke tsakanin **barasa da ciwon nono** a bayyane yake: shan barasa, gami da giya, giya, ko barasa, yana da haɗari ga ciwon nono, da kuma wasu nau'ikan ciwon daji .     Shan barasa yana haifar da fiye da mutane 100,000 na cutar kansar nono a duk duniya kowace shekara.  A duniya baki daya, kusan daya cikin 10 na cutar sankara na nono yana haifar da mata masu shan barasa.  Shan barasa yana daga cikin abubuwan haɗari na yau da kullun da za a iya gyarawa. 

Hukumar bincike kan cutar daji ta kasa da kasa ta bayyana cewa akwai isassun shaidun kimiyya da za su rarraba abubuwan sha a cikin rukunin 1 da ke haifar da cutar kansar nono ga mata.  Rukunin 1 carcinogens sune abubuwan da ke da tabbataccen shaidar kimiyya cewa suna haifar da ciwon daji, kamar shan taba .

Masu shaye-shaye kuma sun fi mutuwa sakamakon cutar kansar nono fiye da masu shan iska da masu shan iska.   Har ila yau, yawan barasa da mace ta sha, za a iya gano ta da sake dawowa bayan maganin farko. 

## Manazarta
2006 Kisan kiyashi na Noida

**Kisan kisa na 2006 Noida** (har ma **Nithari serial kisan** ko **Nithari case** ) ya faru a gidan dan kasuwa Moninder Singh Pandher a Sector-31, Noida kusa da kauyen Nithari, Uttar Pradesh, Indiya, tsakanin 2005 da 2006. Moninder Singh an yanke masa hukunci a cikin biyu daga cikin shari'o'in biyar, Surinder da aka yanke masa hukuncin kisa. wanda aka yanke masa hukunci a cikin 10 daga cikin 16 da ake tuhumar sa.  Dukansu an yanke musu hukuncin kisa ne ; duk da haka, a shekarar 2023, babbar kotun Allahabad ta wanke su da laifin rashin shaida.

## Abubuwan da ke haifar da bincike na farko
A cikin Disamba 2006, mazauna ƙauyen Nithari biyu sun ba da rahoton cewa sun san wurin da ragowar yaran da suka ɓace a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata: tankin ruwa na birni a bayan gidan D5, Sector-31, Noida . Dukansu suna da 'ya'ya mata da suka bace, kuma suna zargin Surinder Koli, mai taimakon gida a D5, yana da hannu a bacewar. Mazauna yankin sun yi ikirarin cewa hukumomin yankin sun yi watsi da su akai-akai; don haka suka nemi taimakon tsohon Shugaban Kungiyar Jin Dadin Jama’a (RWA) SC Mishra. Da safiyar ranar, Mishra da mazauna biyu sun binciki daya daga cikin gidajen, kuma sun yi ikirarin cewa sun gano wani gurbatacciyar hannu, bayan sun tuntubi ‘yan sanda. 

Iyayen yaran da suka bace a cikin shekaru biyu da suka wuce sun garzaya zuwa Nithari dauke da hotuna. Koli, wanda ake yi wa lakabi da Satish, daga baya ya amsa laifin kashe yara shida da wata mata ‘yar shekara 20 da ake kira “Payal” bayan ya yi lalata da su.  yaran da suka bata sun zargi ‘yan sanda da sakaci. Da farko dai wasu jami’an ‘yan sanda da suka hada da Noida SP city sun musanta cewa sun aikata laifin, sun kuma bayyana cewa iyalan sun bayar da bayanan karya game da shekarun wadanda suka bace, kuma sun yi ikirarin cewa su ba kanana ba ne, a maimakon haka manya ne da suka bar gida bayan sun yi fada da iyayensu. Mazauna yankin sun kuma yi zargin cewa ‘yan sandan sun yi almundahana kuma ana biyansu albashi domin boye bayanai. An nemi a gudanar da bincike mai zaman kansa. Daya daga cikin mazauna yankin ya ce ‘yan sandan na ikirarin cewa sun gano gawarwakin ne a lokacin da mazauna yankin ne suka tono su. Rundunar ‘yan sandan ta musanta cewa ta gano gawarwakin mutane goma sha biyar, inda ta kuma kara da cewa sun gano kokwan kai, kasusuwa da sauran sassan jiki, kuma sun kasa bayyana adadin wadanda abin ya shafa. Za'a iya tabbatar da ainihin mutanen da abin ya shafa da gwajin DNA kawai. Daga nan ne ‘yan sanda suka rufe gidan kuma ba su bari kafafen yada labarai su kusanci wurin ba. 

* List of serial killers by country § India
* Elanthoor human sacrifice case, another reported case of cannibalism in India

## Manazarta
Giovanni Cesare Pagazzi

**Giovanni Cesare Pagazzi**, wanda aka fi sani da **Don Cesare**  (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1965) masanin kimiyya ne na Italiya kuma prelate na Katolika wanda ya kasance sakatare na Dicastery for Culture and Education, wani ɓangare na Roman Curia, daga Satumba 2022 zuwa Maris 2025, lokacin da aka nada shi Archivist da Librarian na Ikilisiyar Roman Mai Tsarki. A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2025, Paparoma Leo XIV ya tabbatar da shi a wannan cajin.  Ya kasance babban bishop tun watan Fabrairun 2024.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife shi a Crema a ranar 8 ga Yuni 1965,  ya halarci Cibiyar Maria Santissima Bambina a Lodi . Daga 1983 zuwa 1990, ya yi karatun falsafa da tauhidin a makarantar sakandare ta Crema da Lodi, mai alaƙa da Kwalejin tauhidin Arewacin Italiya.

A ranar 23 ga Yuni 1990 an naɗa shi firist na diocese na Lodi .  Ya sami lasisinsa a shekara ta 1994 da kuma digirin digirinsa a fannin tauhidi a shekara ta 1996 a Jami'ar Pontifical Gregorian tare da rubutun da ake kira "The Uniqueness of Jesus as a criterion of unity and difference in the Church" a karkashin jagorancin Ángel Antón .

Ya zama farfesa a fannin ilimin Ikklisiya da Kristology a Cibiyar Nazarin tauhidin United na makarantun sakandare na Crema da Lodi a watan Satumbar 1996. Daga 2013 zuwa 2014, ya kasance farfesa mai ziyara a Jami'ar Pontifical Gregorian . Baya ga aikinsa na ilimi, Pagazzi yana da alhakin horar da dattawa na dindindin a cikin diocese na Lodi daga Nuwamba 2009 zuwa Satumba 2023.

In October 2019, he became professor of theology at the John Paul II Pontifical Theological Institute for Marriage and Family Sciences. There he helped organize an art exhibit devoted to the work of the Brazilian Franciscan Sidival Fila. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2019, ya zama farfesa a fannin tauhidi a Cibiyar Ilimin tauhidi ta John Paul II don Aure da Kimiyya ta Iyali. A can ya taimaka wajen shirya baje kolin fasaha wanda aka sadaukar da shi ga aikin Franciscan Sidival Fila na Brazil. Ya jagoranci shirin Gaudium et Spes kuma ya koyar da darasi wanda ke kallon wallafe-wallafen, kiɗa, fasaha, da fina-finai a matsayin maganganun yanayin iyali.

## Manazarta
Alicia Baro

**Alicia Santos Baró** (1 ga Agusta, 1918-Janairu 2, 2012) ta kasance mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam wacce ta yi aiki don kara yawan wakilcin siyasa da inganta damar ilimi ga matan Hispanic da sauran 'yan tsiraru. An sanya wa titin Miami suna don girmama ta a shekarar 2014.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Baró a San Lorenzo, Puerto Rico kuma ta girma a Birnin New York. Ta kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Hunter a 1940 tare da digiri na farko a ilimi.   Baró ta koma tare da iyalinta zuwa Miami, Florida a cikin shekarun 1950.

## Ayyuka
Baró ta kasance memba ne na kafa kungiyar 'yan Democrat ta Puerto Rican, reshen Miami na Taron Mata na Puerto Rican (NACOPRW), hadin gwiwar Mata na Hispanic American, da kuma Kamfanin Kasuwancin Mata na Kudancin Florida . 

## Kyaututtuka
Baró ita ce mai karɓar lambar yabo ta Miami Herald Spirit of Excellence, lambar yabo ta ASPIRA ta Lifetime Achievement Award, da kuma digirin digirin girmamawa daga Jami'ar Puerto Rico .  Ta sami Kyautattun Kyaututtuka daga Gundumar 18 ta Wakilin Majalisa na Florida da Birnin Miami .  

A cikin 1995, NACOPRW ta kafa lambar yabo ta shekara-shekara ta Alicia Baró Achievement Award . 

A shekara ta 1997, an gabatar da Alicia Baro a cikin Hall of Fame na Mata na Florida . 

## Mutuwa da gado
Baró ya mutu a ranar 2 ga Janairu, 2012, yana da shekaru 93. 

A cikin 2014, an sanya wa titin Miami suna "Dr. Alicia S. Baró Way" don girmama ta. Baró an nuna shi a cikin littafin Marie Anderson, Julia's Daughters: Women in Dade's History . 

## Manazarta
Arnold Aronson

**Arnold Aronson** (Maris 11, 1911 - Fabrairu 17, 1998) ya kasance wanda ya kafa Taron Jagora kan 'Yancin Bil'adama kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin babban sakatarensa daga 1950 zuwa 1980. A shekara ta 1941 ya yi aiki tare da A. Philip Randolph don matsawa Shugaba Franklin D. Roosevelt don bayar da Dokar zartarwa 8802, buɗe ayyuka a cikin tsarin tarayya da kuma masana'antun tsaro ga 'yan tsiraru. Abokin hulɗa na Randolph da Roy Wilkins, Aronson ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara Maris na 1963 a Washington don Ayyuka da Adalci. An ba shi lambar yabo ta Shugaban kasa ta 'Yanci a shekarar 1998. 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Aronson a Boston a shekarar 1911. Ya sami digiri na BA daga Harvard a 1933 da kuma MSW daga Jami'ar Chicago . 

## Ayyuka a cikin 'yancin jama'a
A shekara ta 1945 ya zama babban darakta na Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Harkokin Jama'a ta Kasa, wanda yanzu ake kira Majalisar Yahudawa don Harkokin Jama'a, matsayin da ya riƙe har zuwa shekara ta 1976. Tare da Randolph da Wilkins, Aronson ya kasance wanda ya kafa Taron Jagora kan 'Yancin Bil'adama a cikin 1950.  A matsayinsa na sakataren Taron Jagora, ya taimaka wajen daidaita kokarin lobbying don Dokar 'Yancin Bil'adama ta 1957, Dokar' Yancin Bil'umma ta 1964, Dokar 'YanYancin Zabe ta 1965, da Dokar Gidaje ta Gaskiya ta 1968.  Kodayake daya daga cikin 'yan fararen shugabannin da ke da hannu a shirya Maris na 1963 a Washington, Aronson ya rage sa hannun sa. Bayan ya yi ritaya, ya kafa Asusun Ilimi na Taron Jagora kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin darakta har zuwa mutuwarsa.

Shugaba Bill Clinton ya ba shi lambar yabo ta Shugaban kasa a ranar 15 ga Janairu, 1998.

Shi da matarsa Annette suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu, Simon Aronson na Chicago da Bernard Aronson nke Takoma Park, Maryland. Dan uwansa, mawaƙi-marubucin waƙa kuma mai shirya Si Kahn, ya yaba wa kawunsa da taimakawa wajen karfafawa da kuma tsara aikinsa.

## Bayani
Jacob M. Appel

**Jacob M. Appel** (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1973) masanin ilimin Amurka ne, marubuci, Masanin ilimin halittu, likita, lauya, kuma mai sukar zamantakewa. An fi saninsa da gajerun labaru, aikinsa a matsayin marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, da rubuce-rubucensa a fannonin ka'idojin haihuwa, bayar da gudummawar gabobin, Neuroethics, da euthanasia.

Littafin Appel mai suna The Man Who Wouldn't Stand Up ya lashe kyautar Dundee International Book Prize a shekarar 2012.   Shi ne darektan Ilimi na Da'a a cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam kuma farfesa ne a fannin ilimin halayya da ilimin likita a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Dutsen Sinai, kuma yana aiki da ilimin halayyee na gaggawa a kusa da Tsarin Lafiya na Dutsen Sinai. Appel shine batun fim din fim na 2019 Jacob na darektan Jon Stahl .

Appel ya kirkiro kalmar nan "wanke fararen" don komawa ga al'ummomi ta amfani da hadin gwiwar likita don janye hankalin mutane daga cin zarafin bil'adama.

## Ilimi

* 1996 - Jami'ar Brown, Bachelor of Arts tare da manyan fannoni a cikin wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi da Amurka da tarihi 
* 1996 - Jami'ar Brown, Jagora na Fasaha 
* 1998 - Jami'ar Columbia, Jagora na Fasaha da Jagora na Falsafa 
* 2000 - Jami'ar New York, Master of Fine Arts, rubuce-rubucen fiction 
* 2003 - Makarantar Shari'a ta Harvard, Juris Doctor 
* 2009 - Kwalejin Likitoci da Likitoci na Jami'ar Columbia, Dokta na Medicine 
* 2012 - Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Albany, Jagoran Kimiyya a Bioethics 
* 2013 - Kwalejin Queens, Jami'ar Birnin New York, Jagora na Fine Arts, rubuce-rubuce 
* 2013 - Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Icahn a Dutsen Sinai, Jagoran Lafiya na Jama'a'a 

## Manazarta