Lola Iturbe

**Dolores "Lola" Iturbe Arizcuren** (1 ga Agusta 1902 - 5 ga Janairu 1990) 'yar fafutukar 'yan gurguzu ce kuma 'yar jarida a Spain . Ta kasance editan *Tierra y Libertad* kuma mai haɗin gwiwa a ƙungiyar Mujeres Libres, kodayake ba ta taɓa zama memba na hukuma ba. Bayan ta gudu daga Spain zuwa gudun hijira, ta zama babbar majiya a fannin mata a Yaƙin Basasa na Spain .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Lola Iturbe a shekarar 1902, a babban birnin Barcelona na Catalan, inda mahaifiyarta mara aure ta rene ta.  A lokacin Makon Tashin Hankali na 1909, ta lura da mata suna shiga zanga-zangar siyasa, suna kona majami'u da kuma toshe jiragen kasa don hana jigilar sojoji zuwa Morocco .  Lokacin da take 'yar shekara 9 kacal, ta fara koyon aikin dinki kuma tana aiki na dogon lokaci akan ƙaramin albashi. Ta hanyar mahaifiyarta, ta haɗu da wasu membobin ƙungiyar 'yan anarchist, kuma tana da shekaru 14, ta shiga ƙungiyar kwadago ta ƙasa (CNT), wata cibiyar ƙungiyar ' yan anarchist. Ba da daɗewa ba ta haɗu da Juan Manuel Molina, wacce ta zama abokin aikinta, kuma tare suka gyara jaridar *Tierra y Libertad* .  Ta rubuta wa jaridar a ƙarƙashin sunan "Kiralina". [ 3 ] A watan Disamba na 1935, Iturbe ta gabatar da wani shafi na mata ga jaridar.  Iturbe ya yi imanin cewa soke kadarorin sirri da kuma kafa gurguzu mai tsattsauran ra'ayi zai haifar da 'yantar da mata da kuma tsawaita soyayyar 'yanci . 

A shekarar 1936, ta sanar da Mercè Comaposada game da wanzuwar ƙungiyar mata a Barcelona, wadda ba da daɗewa ba ta zama reshen Catalan na Mujeres Libres .  Ta goyi bayan kafa ƙungiyar mata masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, duk da cewa ba ta zama memba da kanta ba.  Ta ce ba ta son zama mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata, domin tana son yin faɗa a matsayinta na mace tare da maza.  Duk da haka, ta kan yi aiki tare da ƙungiyar, wadda a farkon watannin Yaƙin Basasa na Spain, ta shirya mata a cikin masu tsaron baya don ba da gudummawa ga ƙoƙarin yaƙin.  Ta tuna cewa ƙungiyar ta girma ta sami membobi 38,000, waɗanda suka kafa makarantun sana'a na mata, wuraren kula da yara da haɗin gwiwar noma .  Sun ba da shawarar cewa mata su zama rundunar ajiyar masana'antu kuma a ba su 'yancin motsi, a kafa makarantun sana'o'i na mata da wuraren renon yara ga 'ya'yansu, kuma a 'yantar da mata daga aikin gida . Daga baya 'yan siyasa da jam'iyyun siyasa na Republican suka ɗauki waɗannan shawarwari, amma ba sai bayan yaƙin ya riga ya koma ga masu ra'ayin 'yan ƙasa ba.  A shekarar 1937, ta ba da rahoton cewa, lokacin da aka dawo da mata 'yan bindiga daga fagen daga, an yi amfani da umarnin ba tare da wata matsala ba; ta bayyana mata 'yan tawaye da aka tilasta musu komawa ga masu tsaron baya, yayin da aka ba wa mata 'yan bindiga na kwaminisanci damar ci gaba da zama a fagen daga. A cewar Iturbe, akwai keɓancewa guda biyu kawai: Mika Feldman de Etchebehère da Pepita Urda, waɗanda dukkansu aka haɗa su cikin Rundunar Sojojin Republican ta Spain a matsayin kyaftin . 

Bayan nasarar Nationalist, Iturbe ta gudu zuwa gudun hijira, inda ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mutanen farko da suka rubuta game da rawar da mata suka taka a Yaƙin Basasa na Spain . [1] Bayan komawa Barcelona bayan sauyin da Spain ta yi zuwa dimokuradiyya, a watan Nuwamba 1981, ta yi hira da masanin tarihin Ireland Mary Nash game da rawar da mata suka taka a yakin basasar. [1] Ta kuma haɗu da masanin tarihin Amurka Martha Ackelsberg, wacce ke rubutu game da Mujeres Libres, kuma ta sanar da ita cewa Mercè Comaposada tana zaune a Paris. [1] Iturbe ta mutu a birnin Xixón na Asturian a ranar 5 ga Janairu 1990. [1]

## Zaɓaɓɓun ayyuka

* *La Mujer en la Lucha Social. La Guerra Civil de España* (Mexico, 1974)

## Manazarta