'Yancin Dan Adam a Belarus

The government of Belarus is criticized for human rights violations and persecution of non-governmental organisations, independent journalists, national minorities, and opposition politicians. In a testimony to the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, former US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice labeled Belarus as one of the world's six "outposts of tyranny". In response, the Belarusian government called the assessment "quite far from reality". During the 2020 Belarusian presidential election and 2020 Belarusian protests, the number of political prisoners recognized by Viasna Human Rights Centre rose dramatically to 1,062 as of 16 February 2022. Several people died after the use of unlawful and abusive force (including firearms) by law enforcement officials while suppressing protests. According to Amnesty International, the authorities did not investigate violations during protests, but instead harassed those who challenged their version of events. In July 2021, the authorities launched a campaign against the remaining non-governmental organizations, liquidating at least 270 of them by October, including all previously registered human rights organizations in the country.

Shugaba Alexander Lukashenko ya bayyana kansa a matsayin mai "tsarin mulkin mallaka". Kasashen Yamma sun bayyana Belarus a karkashin Lukashenko a matsayin "mulkin kama-karya na karshe na Turai"; gwamnati ta zargi irin wannan ikon Yammacin da ƙoƙarin sauya mulkin. Majalisar Turai ta hana Belarus zama memba tun daga shekara ta 1997 saboda jefa kuri'a mara dimokuradiyya da rashin daidaito a lokacin zabe a cikin raba gardama na kundin tsarin mulki na Nuwamba 1996 da kuma zaben majalisa.

Dubban jami'an gwamnatin Belarus da ke da alhakin danniya na siyasa, tilasta bacewar jama'a, farfaganda, da zamba a zaben Amurka da Tarayyar Turai. sun fuskanci takunkumi na kansu.

## Tsarin zabe

A ranar 10 ga Yulin 1994, an zabi Alexander Lukashenko a matsayin Shugaban Belarus . Ya lashe kashi 80.3% na kuri'un.

Tun daga shekara ta 2017, ba a gudanar da wani zaben shugaban kasa ko na 'yan majalisa ko kuri'ar raba gardama ba a Belarus tun lokacin da OSCE, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Tarayyar Turai ko Amurka ta amince da shi a matsayin 'yanci da adalci. Manyan jami'an da ke da alhakin shirya zabe, ciki har da shugabar hukumar zabe ta tsakiya, Lydia Yermoshina, sun fuskanci takunkumi na kasa da kasa kan magudin zabe:

### Zaben Disamba na 2010
Zaben shugaban kasa na shekara ta 2010 ya biyo bayan zanga-zangar 'yan adawa da kuma murkushe 'yan sanda. Wasu gungun masu zanga-zangar sun yi kokarin kutsawa cikin wani babban ginin gwamnati, inda suka farfasa tagogi da kofofi kafin ‘yan sandan kwantar da tarzoma su mayar da su baya . Bayan harin da aka kai wa masu zanga-zangar an murkushe masu zanga-zangar da karfi. An kama daruruwan masu fafutuka da suka hada da 'yan takarar shugaban kasa da dama, 'yan sanda da kuma KGB na Belarus sun kama, duka da azabtarwa.

Lukashenko ya soki masu zanga-zangar, yana zargin su da "fashi".

Rikicin 'yan sanda a lokacin zanga-zangar da kuma yadda aka gudanar da zaben gaba daya ya haifar da mummunar suka daga Amurka da EU. Fiye da masu yada farfaganda 200, jami'an tsaro na jihohi, ma'aikatan kwamitin tsakiya na zaben da sauran jami'ai an sanya su cikin jerin takunkumi na Tarayyar Turai: an dakatar da su daga shiga EU da kadarorinsu a cikin EU, idan akwai, za a daskare su.

### Zaben Agusta 2020

A cikin watan Yunin 2020, Amnesty International ta tattara bayanan tauye haƙƙin ɗan adam, gami da 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da yin taro da ƙungiyoyi cikin lumana, gabanin zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da aka shirya yi a ranar 9 ga Agusta 2020. Kungiyar ta ba da rahoton tuhumar da ake yi na siyasa, tsoratarwa, cin zarafi da ramuwa ga 'yan takarar adawa da magoya bayansu. Hukumomin Belarusiya sun kai hari tare da tsoratar da masu fafutuka na farar hula da kafofin yada labarai masu zaman kansu. 'Yan siyasa biyu, Syarhei Tsikhanouski da Viktar Babaryka, an daure su a gidan yari kuma sun fuskanci shari'ar siyasa da ta shafi siyasa. Daruruwan masu zanga-zangar lumana, ciki har da magoya bayansu, an kama su ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma an ci tarar su mai yawa ko kuma a tsare su a cikin "tsarin mulki".   A ranar 14 ga watan Agustan 2020, Tarayyar Turai ta sanya takunkumi ga kowane jami'in Belarus, bayan rahotanni game da cin zarafi da azabtar da 'yan Belarus a cikin tashin hankali ga masu zanga-zangar. Sojojin tsaron Belarus sun doke kuma sun tsare masu zanga-zangar zaman lafiya, wadanda suka shiga cikin zanga-zambe game da sakamakon zaben hukuma.

## 'Yanci

### 'Yanci na' yan jarida

Tun daga shekarun 2000, 'Yan Jarida Ba tare da iyakoki ba suna sanya Belarus a ƙasa da duk sauran ƙasashen Turai a cikin Ƙididdigar' Yancin Labarai.

Freedom House ta kimanta Belarus a matsayin "ba kyauta ba" a duk binciken da ta yi a duniya tun 1998, "Yanci a Duniya";  gwamnatin Lukashenko ta rage 'yancin' yan jarida, kungiyar ta ce. Kafofin yada labarai na jihar suna ƙarƙashin shugaban kasa. Matsi da tantancewa na kafofin watsa labarai masu zaman kansu na yau da kullun ne.

A karkashin mulkin shugaban kasa Alexander Lukashenko, an kama 'yan jarida kamar Iryna Khalip, Natalya Radina, da Pavel Sheremet saboda aikinsu. Kafofin yada labarai masu zaman kansu kamar Nasha Niva an cire su daga cibiyoyin rarraba jihohi.

A watan Fabrairun 2021, an daure 'yan jaridar Belsat TV guda biyu Katsyaryna Andreeva da Darya Chultsova na tsawon shekaru biyu saboda yawo a lokacin zanga-zangar adawa da Lukashenko a Minsk.

A watan Mayu 2021, babban shafin labarai tut.by wanda kusan kashi 40% na masu amfani da intanet a Belarus suka karanta an toshe shi kuma an tsare 'yan jarida da yawa. A watan Yulin 2021, an toshe Nasha Niva, shafin yanar gizo na labarai, tare da tsare editocin a lokaci guda. An bincika ofishin edita na Rediyo Free Europe / Rediyo Liberty a Minsk tare da fashewar kofofin, an kuma bincika gidajen 'yan jarida da yawa. Cutar wadannan hare-haren a kan kafofin watsa labarai masu zaman kansu ta tashoshin talabijin na gwamnati ana daukar su a matsayin ƙoƙari na tsoratar da mutane.

Kamar yadda jaridar Current Time TV ta ruwaito, kafofin yada labaran gwamnati sun yi zargin karya game da ayyukan 'yan jarida tare da kirkiro shaidun karya na laifinsu ba tare da an yi musu shari'a ba . Amnesty International ta yi tir da harin da hukumomin Belarus suka kai wa kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu. 

A cikin Yuli 2021, an soke rajista na Ƙungiyar 'Yan Jaridu ta Belarus, Ƙungiyar 'Yan Jarida da kuma reshen ƙungiyar PEN na Belarushiyanci a matsayin wani ɓangare na kai hari kan ƙungiyoyin sa-kai (duba #Matsa a kan sashe masu zaman kansu).

### 'Yanci na addini
Ba Yahudawa ba ne kawai 'yan tsiraru da ake zargin an take musu hakkinsu a Belarus. A ranar 25 ga Maris, 2004, Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Associated Press ya ba da rahoton cewa, an haramta ibadar gida a cikin ƙasar, kuma a kwanan nan mambobin cocin Furotesta huɗu sun nemi gwamnati ta soke wata doka ta 2002 wadda ta hana su yin ibada daga gidajensu, ko da yake su mambobi ne na addinan da suka yi rajista. cewa ba mazhabobi ba, majami'u masu kwarjini doka ta shafi su sosai, tunda babu ɗayan waɗannan majami'u da ke da gine-gine. Kungiyoyin Furotesta kuma sun koka da yadda ake yi musu katsalandan saboda dokar hana shigo da littattafai ba tare da amincewar jami’an gwamnati ba.. The Christian Post ya ruwaito a cikin labarin 21 Afrilu 2005 Kungiyoyin Furotesta sun kuma koka game da tantancewa saboda haramtacciyar shigo da wallafe-wallafen ba tare da amincewar jami'an gwamnati ba.

A cewar Forum 18, litattafan da aka yi amfani da su sosai a makarantun Belarushiyanci (kamar na 2002) sun ƙunshi ra'ayoyin addini irin na waɗanda aka koya a cikin USSR:Addini ba ya koyar da mumini yin kokari wajen gudanar da rayuwa mai mutunci, yaki da ‘yancinsa ko yaki da mugunta da zalunci. Wannan duk abin da ya kamata a yi masa shi ne ta hanyar ƙarfin allahntaka, sama da duka, Allah. Abin da ya rage ga mumini shi ne ya zama mai roqonsa mai tausayi, ya zama talaka ko bawa... Alkawarin da addini ya yi na baiwa mutum duk wani abu da yake nema a cikinsa sai rudi da yaudara ne.Kungiyar ta kuma bayar da rahoton cewa majami'un Furotesta masu kwarjini (kamar cikakken Bishara) da Katolika na Girka da cocin Orthodox masu zaman kansu (kamar wadanda ba su da alaka da Cocin Orthodox na Rasha) sun fuskanci matsala wajen yin rajistar majami'u.

A shekara ta 2003, kungiyoyin Furotesta sun zargi gwamnatin Belarus da yin kamfen na lalata a kansu, suna gaya wa hukumar yada labarai ta Katolika ta Poland KAI cewa an zarge su da kasancewa 'yan leƙen asiri Yamma da yin hadayar mutum. Yarjejeniyar 97 ta ruwaito a watan Yulin 2004 cewa Baptists da suka yi bikin Ista tare da marasa lafiya a asibiti a Mazyr an ci su tarar kuma an yi musu barazanar kwace dukiyarsu.

Musulmai 4,000 ne kawai ke zaune a Belarus, galibi kabilun Lipka Tatars waɗanda su ne zuriyar baƙi da fursunoni a ƙarni na 11 da 12. Gwamnatin Musulmai a kasar, wacce aka soke a 1939, an sake kafa ta a 1994.

Duk da haka, an hana musulmin Ahmadiyya (wanda aka fi sani da kungiyar da ba ta da tashin hankali) daga gudanar da addininsu a fili a kasar Belarus, kuma suna da irin wannan matsayi ga kungiyoyi kamar Scientology da Aum Shinrikyo   Ba a samu wasu manyan rahotanni kan zaluncin addini da ake yi wa al'ummar musulmi ba; duk da haka, saboda halin da ake ciki a Chechnya da makwabciyarta Rasha damuwa da Musulman Belarus suka bayyana cewa za su iya zama masu rauni.

An kara wannan fargaba a ranar 16 ga Satumbar 2005 lokacin da aka tayar da bam a wajen wata tashar bas, wanda ya raunata mutane biyu. A ranar 23 ga watan Satumba wani bam ya tashi a wajen wani gidan cin abinci, wanda ya raunata kusan mutane 40. Ba a zargin musulmi a harin na baya, wanda aka yiwa lakabi da "hooliganism".

A cikin 2020, gwamnati ta matsa wa manyan kungiyoyin addinai bayan sun yi Allah wadai da tashin hankali a lokacin zanga-zangar. A ranar 26 ga watan Agustan 2020, 'yan sanda na Belarus OMON sun toshe masu zanga-zangar da masu bi a cocin Roman Katolika a Minsk na sa'o'i da yawa. Shugaban Cocin Orthodox na Belarus Metropolitan Paul an tilasta masa ya yi murabus bayan an soki 'yan sanda da hukumomi; an dauki mai sauya shi Veniamin a matsayin mutum mafi dadi ga Lukashenko. An dakatar da shugaban cocin Roman Katolika a Belarus Tadevuš Kandrusievič daga komawa Belarus daga Poland na watanni da yawa kuma an tilasta masa ya yi murabus jim kadan bayan dawowarsa.

A cikin 2021, hukumomi sun shirya "Sallar All-Belarus" don shawo kan duk wani furci don yin addu'a. Alexander Lukashenko ya yi ƙoƙari ya dakatar da yin waƙar addini "Allah Mai Iko Dukka" (Belarus: Магутны Божа) yana gargadin limaman Katolika kada su yi ta. A cikin 2021, wata jaridar hukuma ta yankin Minsk ta buga wani zane mai ban dariya da ke nuna limaman Katolika na Roman a matsayin Nazis sanye da swastika maimakon giciye.

A cikin 2023, Freedom House ya kimanta 'yancin addini na Belarus a matsayin 1 daga 4.

### 'Yanci na tarayya
Hakkin kundin tsarin mulki na 'yancin ƙungiyoyi ba koyaushe ake aiwatar da shi ba. A cikin 2013, Amnesty International ta bayyana dokokin Belarus game da rajistar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a matsayin "mafi yawan umarni". Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Belarus wacce ke da alhakin yin rajistar sabbin kungiyoyi tana amfani da ka'idoji biyu don kasuwanci da sauran kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, gami da jam'iyyun siyasa. Tsohon yana buƙatar sanarwa kawai don fara aiki, na ƙarshe dole ne ya sami izini. Kungiyoyin siyasa, gami da jam'iyyun, duk da haka, suna da wahalar samun izini. An yi rajistar sabuwar jam'iyya ta ƙarshe a Belarus a cikin 2000, saboda daga baya ma'aikatar ta ki yin rajistar sabbin jam'iyyun saboda dalilai daban-daban. Jam'iyyar Demokradiyyar Kirista ta Belarus ta yi ƙoƙari 7 don yin rajista, Jam'iyyar 'yanci da ci gaba - ƙoƙari 4; An kuma hana jam'iyyar People's Hramada daga yin rajista. Ma'aikatar ta tabbatar da duk waɗannan shari'o'in ta hanyar dalilan da ake zaton na wucin gadi ne da rashin ƙarfi. Misali, ma'aikatar ta ki yin rajistar reshe na gida na Jam'iyyar BPF a Yankin Hrodna saboda "rashin daidaituwa na layi" a cikin takardun. A lokacin wani yunkuri na yin rajistar wannan reshe, ma'aikatar ta nemi ƙarin takardu waɗanda ba a ambata a cikin doka ba. Ɗaya daga cikin kin amincewar da Jam'iyyar Demokradiyyar Kirista ta Belarus ta yi ya nuna rashin gida ko aiki ya ba da bayanai ga wasu daga cikin wadanda suka kafa jam'iyyar. Wani ƙin yarda ya dogara ne akan wata sanarwa a cikin sashin jam'iyyar cewa membobinta ya kamata su zama "masu goyon bayan ra'ayi na duniya na Kirista". Amnesty International ta ba da rahoton shari'o'in matsin lamba don janye sa hannu da ake buƙata don yin rajistar jam'iyyar siyasa ta hukumomi da manajoji (a cikin kungiyoyin jihohi).  An daure masu gwagwarmaya da yawa (ciki har da Zmitser Dashkevich) saboda "aikin ƙungiyoyin da ba a yi rajista ba".

A cewar Cibiyar Canjin Shari'a, ma'aikatar ta kuma ki yin rajistar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu. A shekara ta 2009, ma'aikatar ta bayyana cewa an sauƙaƙa tsarin rajista, amma masana shari'a na jam'iyyun siyasa sun yi shakkar wannan sanarwa suna da'awar cewa ƙananan batutuwa ne kawai suka shafi. A cikin shekara ta 2012, ma'aikatar ta fara aiwatar da dakatar da wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta hanyar ambaton wasikar babban birnin da ba daidai ba a kan hatimi ("Dobraya Volya" maimakon "Dobraya volya") a matsayin daya daga cikin dalilan; ba da daɗewa ba aka dakatar da kungiya mai ba. A cikin 2011 da 2013, ma'aikatar ta ki yin rajistar Kungiyoyin LGBT; saboda haka Belarus ba ta da ƙungiyoyin LGBT. Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam suma sun kasa yin rajista, don haka Kwamitin Helsinki na Belarus da aka kafa tun da daɗewa shine kawai ƙungiyar da aka yi rajista a wannan yanki a matakin ƙasa.

A watan Yulin da Agusta 2021, Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Belarus ta fara aiwatar da rufe manyan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da yawa, gami da Belarusian Popular Front, tsohuwar kungiyar da ke ci gaba da aiki a Belarus (wanda aka kafa a 1988, an yi rajista a 1991),  Ƙungiyar 'Yan Jarida ta Belarus,  Cibiyar PEN ta Belarus.  Kashewar tsohuwar ƙungiyar kore a Belarus, Ecohome (Darakta Marina Dubina), mambobin 46 na Yarjejeniyar Aarhus da kuma Taron ECO na Turai sun yi Allah wadai da shi. Sauran mambobin taron sun kada kuri'a don ba gwamnatin Belarus damar soke warwarewar kafin 1 ga Disamba 2021, suna barazanar dakatar da membobinta in ba haka ba.

### 'Yanci na magana
A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2025, bayan ganawa da Firayim Minista 'Yan Pakistan Shehbaz Sharif a Minsk, Shugaban Belarus Alexander Lukashenko ya ba da sanarwar shirin bude Belarus ga ma'aikatan ƙaura 150,000 daga Pakistan. Hukumomin Belarus sun kaddamar da masu adawa da shige da fice na Pakistan zuwa Belarus kuma sun kama masu sukar manufofin shige da shige na Lukashenko.

## Tsarin shari'a
Tsarin shari'a na Belarus yana da babban hukunci: a cikin 2020, 99.7% na shari'o'in aikata laifuka sun haifar da hukunci kuma kawai 0.3% - a cikin wankewa. Wannan adadin yana da kwanciyar hankali na shekaru da yawa. Tsarin shari'a yana da tsanani sosai ga mutanen da ke bayyana ra'ayoyinsu: daga cikin mutanen da ake tuhuma akwai 'yan jarida, masu fafutukar farar hula, mutanen da ke yin tsokaci na siyasa da ba'a a kan hanyoyin sadarwar jama'a kuma suna sanya emojis a can. Daga cikin "laifuka" da aka fi rikitarwa sune fararen takalma tare da jan layi, fararen gashi da ja, mutane 70 da aka kama a Brest saboda rawa (wasu daga cikinsu an yanke musu hukuncin shekaru biyu a kurkuku). Shugaba na adawa kuma yana fuskantar mummunan rauni a kotuna wanda wani lokacin ana kwatanta shi da gwajin Stalinist.

### Hukuncin kisa

Belarus ita ce kawai ƙasar Turai da ke ci gaba da yin amfani da hukuncin kisa. Amurka da Belarus su ne kawai kasashe biyu daga cikin kasashe mambobi 56 na kungiyar tsaro da hadin gwiwa a Turai da suka aiwatar da hukuncin kisa a shekarar 2011.

### Masu adawa da siyasa da fursunoni
A watan Disambar 2010, jami'an tsaro na musamman na Belarus sun kai hari kan masu zanga-zangar, suka yi wa masu fafutuka duka da kuma raunata da dama da sanduna tare da kame mutane sama da 600 bayan wani gangami a tsakiyar birnin Minsk don nuna rashin amincewa da sakamakon zaben da masu sa ido na yammacin Turai ke kallonsa a matsayin magudi. A cikin sanarwar ta hadin gwiwa, Hillary Clinton da Baroness Ashton sun yi kira da a gaggauta sakin masu zanga-zangar (ciki har da akalla 'yan takarar shugaban kasa bakwai na adawa) tare da yin kakkausar suka ga abin da suka kira amfani da karfi a kan masu zanga-zangar.

Belarus ta fuskanci hari daga Amnesty International saboda yadda take bi da fursunonin siyasa,  gami da wadanda ke cikin reshen matasa na Belarusian Popular Front (jam'iyyar dimokuradiyya). A cikin wani rahoto mai kwanan wata 26 ga Afrilu 2005 Amnesty ta soki Belarus saboda yadda take bi da masu adawa, gami da wata mace da aka daure saboda wallafa waka mai ban dariya. Wani fursunan siyasa wanda ya kasance a gidan yari na tsawon shekaru hudu (Yuni 2001 - Agusta 2005) shine Yury Bandazhevsky, masanin kimiyyar da aka daure kan zargin karbar cin hanci daga iyayen dalibai, ko da yake Amnesty International ta bayyana a shafinta na yanar gizo "An yi imanin hukuncin nasa yana da alaka da binciken da ya yi game da bala'in Chernobyl na Chernobyl da kuma bayyana sakamakon binciken kimiyya na Chernobyl. kan mutanen da ke zaune a yankin Gomel."

Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar da rahoto a ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 2005 tana nuna damuwa game da bacewar (da yiwuwar aiwatar da hukuncin kisa) na 'yan gwagwarmayar siyasa Yury Zacharanka, Viktar Hanchar da Anatol Krasouski a 1999 da dan jarida Dzmitry Zavadski a 2000, da kuma ci gaba da faruwar kamawa da tsarewa ba tare da shari'a ba. Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen ta kuma yi kira ga Belarus da ta ba da bayanai a bainar jama'a game da mutanen da aka kashe.

Wani rahoto mai kwanan watan 31 ga Agusta 2005 daga Amnesty USA ya yi iƙirarin cewa, baya ga rikicin 'yan tsiraru na Poland a farkon wannan shekarar, an tsare wasu 'yan Georgia uku daga ƙungiyar matasa ta Kmara yayin da suke ziyartar Belarus. An tsare masu fafutuka a ranar 24 ga Agusta tare da Uladimir Kobets, daga Zubr (ƙungiyar adawa ta Belarushiyanci). A cewar rahoton, an sake shi bayan sa'o'i biyu bayan an gaya masa cewa aikin 'yan sanda ya jagoranci "mutane daga Caucasus".

An ayyana masu fafutuka da shugabannin siyasa masu zuwa a matsayin fursunonin siyasa a lokuta daban-daban:

* Ales Bialiatski, Mataimakin Shugaban Tarayyar Kasa da Kasa don 'Yancin Dan Adam kuma shugaban Cibiyar 'Yancin dan Adam ta Viasna 
* Mikola Statkevich
* Uladzimir Nyaklyayew
* Andrei Sannikov
* Sieviaryniets na Paval
* Zmicier Dashkievich
* Andrei Kim
* Natalya Radina
* Iryna Khalip
* Alyaksandr Kazulin
* Mikalay Autukhovich
* Tsimafei Dranchuk
* Syarhei Parsyukevich
* Eduard Palčys

A cikin 2017, Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Viasna ta lissafa fursunonin siyasa guda biyu da aka tsare a Belarus, daga 11 a cikin 2016. 

Ya zuwa 3 ga Yulin 2021, yawan fursunonin siyasa da Viasna ta amince da su ya karu zuwa 529; ya zuwa 22 ga Fabrairu - zuwa 1,078 .

A watan Yulin 2024, Belarus ta saki fursunonin siyasa biyar, ciki har da dan adawa Rygor Kastusev, a cikin wani afuwa da ba kasafai ake yi ba a cikin ci gaba da danniya tun bayan zaben shugaban kasa na 2020 da ake takaddama a kai. Yayin da shugabar 'yan adawar da ke gudun hijira Svetlana Tikhanovskaya ta yi maraba da sakin, ta jaddada halin da ake ciki na sauran fursunonin siyasa 1,400, da dama da ke cikin mawuyacin hali.Masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam na zargin hukumomin Belarus da sanya tsauraran sharudda, kamar amincewar jama'a da aikata laifuka, saboda sakin fursunonin siyasa, duk da alkawuran da suka yi na 'yantar da wasu fursunonin daga zanga-zangar 2020.

### Amfani da shari'a ba tare da shari'ar ba
Kamar yadda aka lura a cikin Rahoton Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2008, yayin da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Belarus  ya tanadi raba madafun iko, hukumar shari’a mai zaman kanta da kotuna marasa son rai (Mataki na 6 da 60), gwamnati ta yi watsi da wadannan tanade-tanaden idan ta dace da bukatunta na gaggawa; cin hanci da rashawa da rashin iya aiki da tsoma bakin siyasa sun yi katutu a bangaren shari’a; gwamnati na hukunta mutane bisa zargin karya da siyasa, kuma hukumomin zartarwa da na kananan hukumomi suna tsara sakamakon gwaji; Bangaren shari’a ba shi da ‘yancin kai, kuma sakamakon shari’a yawanci an kayyade shi; alkalai sun dogara da jami'an zartarwa na reshe don gidaje; kuma ana amfani da tsarin shari'a na laifi-adal a matsayin kayan aiki don rufe bakin masu kare hakkin bil'adama ta hanyar kame dalilai na siyasa, tsarewa, rashin bin ka'idoji da kuma rufe shari'ar siyasa.

Ko da yake Mataki na 25 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Belarus ya haramta amfani da azabtarwa, amma a aikace Belarus yana azabtar da fursunoni; yayin da Mataki na 26 ya tanadi zato na rashin laifi, sau da yawa wadanda ake tuhuma dole ne su tabbatar da cewa ba su da laifi; yayin da Mataki na 25 ya haramta kamawa, tsarewa da dauri ba bisa ka'ida ba, gwamnatin Lukashenko na gudanar da kamawa, tsarewa da daure mutane ba bisa ka'ida ba saboda dalilai na siyasa; yayin da sashe na 210(1) na kundin tsarin shari’a ya tanadi cewa dole ne a samu sammacin bincike kafin duk wani bincike, a aikace hukumomi na binciken gidaje da ofisoshi saboda dalilai na siyasa; yayin da sashe na 43 na kundin tsarin shari’a ya baiwa wadanda ake tuhuma ‘yancin halartar zaman shari’a, da fuskantar shaidu, da gabatar da shaidu a madadinsu, a aikace ana watsi da wadannan hakkokin. Masu gabatar da kara ba su da 'yanci, kuma rashin 'yancin kai yana sa kariyar da ta dace ta zama mara amfani; Mai gabatar da kara a kan wanda ake tuhuma yana da "wuta da yawa kuma ba ta da daidaito". 

:: "An ci gaba da kama, tsarewa, da kuma daure 'yan kasa ba bisa ka'ida ba saboda dalilai na siyasa, sukar jami'ai, ko don halartar zanga-zangar. An kuma ci gaba da gudanar da wasu shari'o'in kotuna a bayan kofa ba tare da halartar masu sa ido masu zaman kansu ba. Bangaren shari'a ba shi da 'yancin kai kuma yawanci an riga an kayyade sakamakon shari'a".

Sashe na Rahoton mai taken "Kame ko Tsari ba bisa ka'ida" ya lura cewa duk da cewa "dokar [Belarusia] ta iyakance tsare mutane ba bisa ka'ida ba ... gwamnati ba ta mutunta wadannan iyakokin a aikace [kuma] hukumomi sun ci gaba da kama mutane saboda dalilai na siyasa". Ya kara da cewa a lokacin 2008 "Rashin laifi ya kasance babbar matsala"; "'Yan sanda na yawan tsare mutane tare da kama su ba tare da izini ba"; "Hukumomi sun tsare ko kama mutane da dama da suka hada da 'yan adawa da 'yan jarida masu zaman kansu ba bisa ka'ida ba, saboda wasu dalilai da ake ganin suna da alaka da siyasa".

Sashe mai taken "Kin Hukuncin Shari'ar Jama'a" ya lura da cewa: "Tsarin mulki ya ba da damar yin shari'a mai zaman kanta; duk da haka, gwamnati ba ta mutunta 'yancin shari'a a aikace. Cin hanci da rashawa, rashin aiki, da tsoma baki na siyasa sun kasance mafi yawa a cikin shari'a. Akwai shaidun cewa masu gabatar da kara da kotuna sun yanke wa mutane hukunci kan laifukan karya da siyasa, da kuma yanke hukunci ga hukumomi da hukumomi".

:: "[Belarusian] alƙalai sun dogara da jami'an reshe na zartarwa don gidaje na mutum".

:: "Rahoton na musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2006 game da Belarus ya bayyana ikon masu gabatar da kara a matsayin "mafi yawa da rashin daidaituwa" kuma ya lura da "rashin daidaituwa na iko tsakanin masu gabatar da karar da tsaro".

:: " lauyoyin karewa ba za su iya bincika fayilolin bincike ba, su kasance a lokacin bincike, ko bincika shaidu a kan wadanda ake tuhuma har sai mai gabatar da kara ya kawo karar kotu a hukumance";

:: "lawyers sun sami wahalar kiran wasu shaidu cikin tambaya saboda ƙwarewar fasaha tana ƙarƙashin ikon ofishin mai gabatar da kara";

Wadannan rashin daidaituwa na iko sun kara tsanantawa a farkon shekara "musamman dangane da shari'o'in aikata laifuka da na gudanarwa da suka shafi siyasa".

:: "[b]y dokar shugaban kasa duk lauyoyi suna ƙarƙashin Ma'aikatar Shari'a [kuma] dokar ta hana lauyoyi yin aiki na sirri".[and]

:: "[t]ya ba da izinin zaton rashin laifi; duk da haka, a aikace waɗanda ake tuhuma galibi dole ne su tabbatar da rashin laifi;

:: "doka kuma ta samar da shari'o'in jama'a; a aikace, ana watsi da wannan akai-akai; "masu tuhuma suna da damar halartar shari'a, fuskantar shaidu, da kuma gabatar da shaidu a madadin su; duk da haka, a aikace waɗannan haƙƙoƙin ba koyaushe ake girmama su ba";

:: "kotu sau da yawa sun ba da izinin bayanin da aka samu daga tambayoyin da aka tilasta don amfani da su akan wadanda ake tuhuma".

Takaddun kasa da kasa suna nuna cewa kotunan Belarusian da ke ƙarƙashin tsarin zartarwa mai iko, suna watsi da tsarin doka akai-akai kuma suna wanzuwa ga yanke shawara na hatimin roba da aka yi a wajen kotun; wannan yana daidai da rashin wanzuwar kotuna a matsayin dandalin shari'a na rashin son zuciya. "Dokar" a Belarus ba ta zama dole ba, amma na zaɓi ne kuma bisa ga hankali. “Dokar” maras tushe wacce, a aikace, ba ta dauri, daidai yake da rashin wanzuwar doka.

### Yin hulɗa da masu zanga-zangar da kuma gina sansanonin fursunoni
An ba da rahoton cin zarafin bil adama da dama bayan fara zanga-zangar Belarusiya ta 2020. A cewar Amnesty International, kwararrun kare hakkin bil adama na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun tattara shaidu 450 na azabtarwa, mugunyar cuta, wulakanci, cin zarafi, hana ruwa, abinci, agajin magunguna da kayayyakin tsafta. Hana hulɗa da lauyoyi da dangi ya zama ruwan dare gama gari ga waɗanda aka kama.  Hukumomi a maimakon haka sun kara matsin lamba ga masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam.

A watan Janairun 2021, an fitar da wani faifan faifan sauti wanda kwamandan sojojin cikin gida kuma mataimakin ministan cikin gida na Belarus Mikalai Karpiankou ya shaidawa jami'an tsaro cewa za su iya gurgunta, gurgunta da kuma kashe masu zanga-zangar don fahimtar da su ayyukansu. Wannan a cewarsa ya dace domin duk wanda ya fito kan tituna yana shiga wani irin yakin neman zabe. Bugu da kari, ya tattauna batun kafa sansanonin da aka yi wa kawanya, inda za a tsare masu zanga-zangar har sai abin ya lafa. Wata mai magana da yawun ma'aikatar harkokin cikin gida ta buga tambarin faifan sautin a matsayin na bogi. Koyaya, binciken phonoscopic na rikodin sauti ya tabbatar da cewa muryar a rikodin ta Karpiankou ce. Kungiyar Tsaro da Haɗin Kai a Turai ta nuna damuwarta game da maganganun. A cewar Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty, an yi amfani da irin wannan sansanin a kusa da garin Slutsk a cikin kwanaki daga 13 zuwa 15 ga Agusta 2020. Da yawa daga cikin wadanda aka tsare a can an ce an kawo su ne daga kurkukun Okrestina a Minsk.

Hukumomin Belarus sun buga bidiyo da yawa tare da mutanen da aka tsare suna furta da tuba a kan kyamara; ana iya yin waɗannan bidiyon ne a ƙarƙashin tilastawa. Roman Protasevich ya yi kama da rauni a bidiyon ikirarinsa kuma yana da yanka ko rauni a wuyan hannu. An ɗauka cewa an kama budurwar Roman Sofia Sapega ne kawai don matsa masa lamba. Darakta na Gabashin Turai da Asiya ta Tsakiya na Amnesty International Marie Struthers ya yi Allah wadai da tilasta ikirarin Protasevich kuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa sakamakon rashin kulawa ne. An ruwaito cewa dan jarida mai goyon bayan Lukashenko na Sovetskaya Belorussiya - jaridar Segodnya ta Belarus Lyudmila Gladkaya ta yi wa mutanen da aka kama tambayoyi tare da jami'an 'yan sanda a cikin bidiyon ikirari da yawa.

A cikin 2020, KGB na Belarushiyanci ya fara sanya 'yan ƙasar Belarus a cikin jerin 'yan ta'adda (ba tare da hukuncin kotu ba). Biyu na farko sune wadanda suka kafa tashar Telegram na Nexta Telegram Stepan Putilo [ru] da Roman Protasevich. Ya zuwa watan Mayu 2021, adadin mutanen Belarushiyanci a cikin jerin sun kasance 37, gami da Ba'amurke Ba'amurke Yuras Zyankovich. Ana iya hukunta ta'addanci ta hanyar hukuncin kisa a Belarus, amma aƙalla wasu daga cikin mutanen da ke cikin jerin ba a zarge su da labarin da ya dace na Dokar Laifuka ba.

A ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2021, Janar kuma memba na karamar majalisar dokokin Belarus Oleg Belokonev ya yi kira da a kashe 'yan adawa 20-100 a matsayin ramuwar gayya ga mutuwar jami'an tsaron jihar.

### Matsi ga lauyoyi

Bayan farawar zanga-zangar Belarus ta 2020, wasu lauyoyi (masu gabatar da kara) wadanda suka kare masu fafutukar adawa sun kasance masu hanawa (sun hana matsayin mai ba da shawara) daga kwamishinan Ma'aikatar Shari'a: Alexander Pylchenko (Lauyan Viktar Babaryka da Maria Kalesnikava), Yuliya Levanchuk,  Lyudmila Kazak (Lauyan Maria Kalesnikva),  Sergey Zikracki (Lauyan Katsyaryna Andreeva). Akalla an kori wasu lauyoyi uku bayan an kama su a lokacin zanga-zangar ko tsokaci a shafukan sada zumunta. An soki wannan aikin a matsayin keta 'yancin kai na aikin lauya. Dalilan hukuma na cirewa sun haɗa da "ƙananan ilimi" da "rashin cancanta". An kama masu gwagwarmayar adawa da lauyoyi Maxim Znak da Illia Salei (wanda ya kasance tsohon lauyan Maria Kalesnikava) a watan Satumbar 2020 kuma Amnesty International ta amince da su a matsayin fursunonin lamiri. Shugaban kungiyar lauyoyin Jamhuriyar Belarus kuma memba na majalisar dokokin Belarus Viktar Čajčyc ya goyi bayan hukumomi kuma ya kira lauyoyi "kada su shiga siyasa". A ranar 2 ga Maris 2021, Ƙungiyar Lauyoyi ta Amurka ta nuna "damuwa mai zurfi game da karuwar hare-hare kan mulkin doka da kuma 'yancin aikin lauya a Belarus". A watan Mayu 2021, Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta ABA ta bincika shari'o'i 4 na korar lauya a Belarus kuma ta kammala cewa waɗannan ayyukan suna wakiltar tsoratarwa, cikas, tsangwama mara kyau ga ayyukan lauyoyi kuma sun lalata mulkin doka a Belarus.

A watan Mayu 2021, majalisar dokokin Belarus ta yi gyare-gyare ga dokokin kan aikin lauya (doka 113-Z da aka bayar a ranar 27 ga Mayu 2021 da Lukashenko ya sanya hannu a ranar 28 ga Mayu kuma ya fara aiki a ranar 30 ga Mayu).  Gyaran sun haramta masu ba da shawara da kamfanonin lauyoyi (ofisoshin), suna mai da shawarwarin shari'a da aka tsara ta jihar shine kawai hanyar samar da ayyukan ba da shawara. An ba ma'aikatar shari'a damar amincewa da 'yan takara zuwa shugabannin kungiyoyin lauyoyi na gida da shugabannin su. An kuma lura cewa daya daga cikin gyare-gyaren na iya soke taimakon doka kyauta ("don 1 rubel") ga masu zanga-zangar da aka kama. Lauyoyi masu zaman kansu, masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam da masana shari'a sun soki gyare-gyaren sosai. Lauyan lauya Sergey Gasoyan ya yi iƙirarin cewa gyare-gyaren "sun yi tambaya game da kasancewar bayar da shawarwari a matsayin cibiyar da ke kare dokoki, hakkoki da bukatun 'yan ƙasa". An kwatanta gyare-gyaren da kawar da bayar da shawarwari mai zaman kansa. Ba a gabatar da dokar don tattaunawar jama'a ba, amma akalla mutane 4,000 sun sanya hannu kan takardar neman izinin adawa da gyare-gyaren.

Lauyoyi na 'yan adawa sun ba da rahoton keta doka da yawa wanda ya hana su yin ayyukansu. A watan Disamba na 2020, an haramta wani lauya ya kasance a cikin bincike a gidan abokin ciniki. Lauyan Roman Protasevich ba zai iya ganin abokin ciniki ba har kwana 4 bayan da aka tsare shi a filin jirgin saman Minsk kuma daga baya ya ba da rahoton cewa ba za ta iya ganinsa ba har mako guda. Tsohon mai bincike Yevgeny Yushkevich kuma ba a yarda ya sadu da lauyansa ba a cikin kwanaki 4 na farko bayan tsare shi. A ranar 28 ga Afrilu 2021, gidan talabijin na ONT TV jihar ya buga wani ɓangare na tattaunawar sirri tsakanin Sergei Tikhanovsky da lauyansa Natallia Mackevich wanda daga baya ya shigar da korafi tare da Babban Lauyan game da keta haƙƙin lauya. 

### Matsi ga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu
A ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2021, hukumomin Belarus sun kaddamar da hari kan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (NGOs) na tushen Belarus wanda ya haifar da rusa kusan 40 daga cikinsu ta hanyar Ma'aikatar Shari'a tare da tsare wasu masu fafutuka da yawa. An bayyana wannan kamfen ɗin a matsayin "cikakken tsabtace jama'a". An lura cewa an kaddamar da hari kan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu nan da nan bayan ganawar Lukashenko da Vladimir Putin. 

Rushe kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu sun hada da "Imena" zamantakewar jama'a da kiwon lafiya dandali, da dama 'yan rajin kare hakkin bil'adama kungiyoyin (Cibiyar Canjin Shari'a, Human Constanta, Youth Labor Rights, Gender Amsa da sauransu), 'yan jarida kungiyoyin (Belarusia Association of Journalists da Press Club Belarus), da dama kungiyoyin al'adu ciki har da "Mova Nanova" Belarusian harshen darussan da "Vedanta vada" Belarusian kungiyar darussa da kuma "Vedanta vada" kungiyar da ke inganta al'adun Belarus. makarantar kasuwanci Cibiyar PEN ta Belarus wacce wacce ta sami lambar yabo ta Nobel Svetlana Alexievich ta rushe ta hanyar Kotun Koli ta Belarus a ranar 9 ga Agusta 2021.

A ranar 23 ga Yuli, 2021, Kwamitin Helsinki na Belarus, Barys Zvozskau [ru] Gidan Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na Belarusiya, Cibiyar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Viasna da wasu kungiyoyi 3 masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama sun fitar da wata sanarwa don "dakatar da rugujewar kungiyoyin farar hula na Belarus", suna masu da'awar keta hakkokin kasa da kasa na Belarus a fagen 'yancin walwala da bayyana ra'ayi. A ranar 24 ga Satumba 2021, Kotun Koli ta Belarus ta rushe Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Belarus ta Duniya wacce ta yi aiki tare da ƙungiyoyin Belarus da ke zaune a ƙasashen waje.

Hukumomi sun kuma rushe babbar ƙungiyar 'yan kasuwa "Perspektiva"  kuma sun kawar da Union of Belarusian Writers wanda aka yi la'akari da fansa ga Lukashenko ga matsayin marubuta mai zaman kansa.

A ranar 1 ga Oktoba 2021, Kotun Koli ta tilasta wa Kwamitin Helsinki na Belarus. Kotun ta yi amfani da kayan wasu shari'o'in laifuffuka da ba a bayyana ba (wataƙila ba tare da yanke hukunci ba zuwa yanzu) don rushe BHC. BHC ita ce ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da aka yi wa rajista ta ƙarshe a Belarus (na ƙarshe shine Pravovaya iniciativa - The Legal Initiative, wanda kuma ke ƙarƙashin ruwa). 

A cikin Disamba 2021, Belarus Solidarity Foundation (BYSOL), wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke da niyyar tara kudade don ba da taimakon kudi ga wadanda aka zalunta a Belarus, an ayyana a matsayin "tsattsauran ra'ayi".

Danniya na jihohi biyo bayan zanga-zangar Belarus na 2020 ya kara habaka dijital na kungiyoyin sa-kai. Kayan aikin kan layi sun zama mahimmanci, yana ba da damar shiga ga waɗanda ba za su iya halartar tarurrukan cikin mutum ba saboda aminci, nisa, ko ƙuntatawa ta jiki. Duk da tarwatsa ma'aikata da masu sa kai, yawancin kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na Belarus suna ci gaba da aiki ta hanyar amfani da fasaha. Misali, bayan da hukumomi suka kawar da su, kungiyar mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta "Ecohome" ta mayar da ofishinta zuwa Vilnius tare da daidaita ayyukanta. Wannan ya ba su damar ci gaba da lura da ingancin iska da radiation ta hanyar sadarwar sa kai (sadar da sadarwar Telegram) da kuma ba da shawarwarin haƙƙin muhalli na kan layi. Yunkurinsu da naɗaɗɗen ƙididdiga ya samo asali ne ta hanyar buƙatun tserewa daga zalunci da sauƙaƙe haɗin kai ta kan iyaka.

Kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na Belarusiya suna fuskantar haɗari saboda mulkin kama-karya, wanda A. Lukashenka ke jagoranta, ya sanya ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a matsayin barazana ga "juyin zaɓe," yana zargin tallafin kuɗi na waje. Sigina daga Lukashenka da alkaluma kamar tsohon Ministan Harkokin Waje U. Makiej sun fara kamfen na "tabbatacce", yana kara danniya na tsari. Wannan 'rashin tabbas na cibiyoyi' yana tilasta wa gwamnati murkushe barazanar da ake gani a kwance. Saboda haka, kusan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu 965 sun rufe ko kuma ana kawar da su.

### '''Matsi ga malamai da masana kimiyya'''
Bayan zaben shugaban kasa na 2020 da zanga-zangar da ta biyo baya, hukumomin Belarus sun kara matsa lamba kan al'ummar ilimi da kimiyya. Malamai, ma'aikatan jami'a, da daliban da suka fito fili suna adawa da tashin hankali ko kuma suka shiga zanga-zangar lumana sun fuskanci takunkumin gudanarwa da na laifuka, gami da kora, kora, da kama su.

A cikin watan Agustan 2020, sama da malaman Belarusian 1,500 sun rattaba hannu kan Ƙoƙarin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Belarushiyanci, suna kira da a kawo karshen tashin hankali da mutunta 'yancin ɗan adam. Irin wannan yunƙurin sun haɗa da Ƙoƙarin Ƙarfafawa da Ƙoƙarin Bidiyo na Masanan Kimiyya na Belarushiyanci, wanda masana kimiyya da malamai suka yi magana game da tashin hankali na jihohi, danniya na siyasa, da kuma hana 'yancin kai na hankali. Mahalarta wannan kararraki sun fuskanci matsin lamba daga hukumomin jami'o'i da jami'an tsaro, ciki har da gargadi, tambayoyi, da barazanar korarsu. Jami'o'i da cibiyoyin bincike sun kori ma'aikata saboda bayyana matsayin jama'a ko shiga cikin zanga-zangar. An kori daliban da suka halarci zanga-zangar.

Har ila yau, zalunci ya shafi fitattun mutane a cikin masana kimiyya. Misali, masanin kimiyyar sunadarai kuma ɗan jaridar kimiyya Siarhei Besarab bai sabunta kwangilarsa a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa ta Belarus ba bayan ya shiga matsayin gwani a cikin shari'ar Stsiapan Latypau, inda ya karyata zarge-zargen da aka yi wa wanda ake tuhuma. Besarab daga baya ya fuskanci ƙarin matsin lamba kuma an tilasta masa barin ƙasar. Masana ilimin harshe Alexander Lukashanets  da Sergei Garanin,  wadanda suka halarci Kira na Bidiyo na Masana Kimiyya na Belarus, suma sun sami sakamako na sana'a da na gudanarwa don matsayinsu na jama'a.

Matsi da ke gudana a kan masana kimiyya da masana kimiyya ya ba da gudummawa ga fitowar kwararru daga kasar kuma ya shafi 'yancin ilimi,  hadin gwiwar bincike, da kuma yanayin kimiyya da ilimi a Belarus.  

## Dangantakar aiki
Yanayin Kungiyoyin kwadago da membobinsu a yankin Amnesty UK ta soki su,  tare da zargin cewa hukumomi sun tsoma baki a zaben kungiyar kwadago kuma an kori shugabannin kungiyar kwadago masu zaman kansu daga mukamin su.

A cikin 2021, Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya ta lissafa Belarus a cikin manyan ƙasashe 10 mafi muni ga masu aiki a duniya (Global Rights Index).  Dalilan da suka sa halin da ake ciki ya kara tsanantawa sun hada da cin zarafin jihar na ayyukan ƙungiyar masu zaman kansu, kamawa da gangan, manyan shari'o'i na babu ko ƙuntata damar yin adalci. Belarus ta riga ta kasance cikin manyan kasashe 10 mafi muni a cikin Global Rights Index a cikin 2015 da 2016. 

A watan Yunin 2021, Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya ta soki "rashin bin ka'idojin ma'aikata na kasa da kasa a Belarus" a lokacin taron ma'aikata ya kasa da kasa na shekara-shekara.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci a cikin ƙasar sun kasance ƙarƙashin ƙuntatawa iri-iri, gami da: 

; haramtacciyar haramtacciya

Tun daga shekarar 1999, duk kungiyoyin kwadagon da suka yi rajista a baya dole ne su sake yin rajista kuma su ba da adireshin hukuma na hedkwatar (wanda galibi ya hada da adireshin kasuwanci). Har ila yau, ana buƙatar wasiƙar daga ma'aikata, mai tabbatar da adireshin (yana sanya makomar kungiyar kwadago ta dogara da gudanarwa). Duk kungiyar da ta gaza yin hakan an haramta kuma ta rushe.

A shekarar 2021, Kungiyar Kwadago ta kasa da kasa ta yi ikirarin cewa gwamnati "ta ci gaba da kin yin rajista ga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu".

; Babban buƙata na membobin

A wani mataki wanda kuma aka ce an yi amfani da shi kan kungiyoyin kare hakkin Yahudawa, gwamnati ta sanar da cewa duk wata sabuwar kungiyar kwadago dole ne ta kunshi mambobi akalla 500 kafin a amince da ita. Hakan ya sa aka yi wuya a iya kafa sababbin ƙungiyoyi.

; Harkokin shiga tsakani

Hukumar Kula da Kwadago ta Duniya ta fitar da wani rahoto a watan Maris na shekara ta 2001 inda ta yi korafin katsalandan cikin tsanaki a cikin ayyukan kungiyoyin kwadago, gami da cin zarafi da kai hari kan kadarorin kungiyar. Ma'aikatan da ke cikin kungiyoyin kwadago masu zaman kansu a Belarus, a cewar Unison, an kama su saboda rarraba ƙasidu da sauran littattafai kuma sun fuskanci rasa ayyukansu.

Ma'aikatan Belarusiya suna tsoratar da tsarin don barin ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci masu zaman kansu, an kori membobin ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na ɗalibai daga jami'o'i. A cikin 2021, an tilasta wa shugaban kungiyar kwadago ta REP mai zaman kanta barin Belarus bayan 'yan sanda suka mamaye ofishin.

A cikin 2014, Lukashenko ya ba da sanarwar gabatar da sabuwar doka wacce za ta hana ma'aikatan kolkhoz (kimanin kashi 9% na jimlar ma'aikata) barin ayyukansu a son rai - canjin aiki da wurin zama zai buƙaci izini daga gwamnoni. Lukashenko da kansa ya kwatanta dokar da Bautar. An gabatar da irin waɗannan ƙa'idodi don masana'antar gandun daji a cikin 2012.

A lokacin zanga-zangar Belarus ta 2020, kamfanoni da yawa sun yi ƙoƙari su fara yajin aiki, amma sun sadu da zalunci mai tsanani. A cikin 2021, an daure ma'aikata uku na Byelorussian Steel Works saboda yunkurin shirya yajin aiki.

On 28 May 2021 a law 114-Z was published that changed the Belarusian Labour code. It enabled to fire employees who served an arrest and who called to strike. A number of reasons for temporarily suspension from work including "calling to stop performing other employees' duties without good reason" were also added. Companies having any "hazardous production facilities" became completely prohibited to strike. Political slogans during strikes became banned entirely. WSWS characterized these amendments as making firing employees much easier.

A lokacin zanga-zangar Belarus ta 2020, 'yan sanda sun mamaye ofisoshin kungiyoyin kwadago wanda ya tilasta wa kungiyoyin kwadoro su canja bayanan sirri na membobin kungiyar ga' yan sanda. An bayar da rahoton shari'o'in sace wakilan ƙungiyar a kan hanyarsu ta zuwa aiki. A cikin 2021, Ƙungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya ta yi iƙirarin cewa za a iya ganin sabbin ƙa'idodin gwamnati a matsayin "ƙuntatawar doka a kan dukkan tarurrukan jama'a da yajin aiki ga ƙungiyoyin kwadago".

A cikin Satumba 2021, an tsare ma'aikata da yawa na Grodno Azot, Belarusian Railway da Byelorussian Karfe Works. tsare su na da alaka da barazanar Alexander Lukashenko cewa za a daure ma'aikatan da suka bayyana hanyoyin kaucewa takunkumin a gidan yari na dogon lokaci. A cewar Nasha Niva, akalla biyu daga cikin mutanen da aka tsare an tuhume su da cin amana (mataki na 356 na Dokar Laifuka ta Belarus). 

## Daidaitu

### 'Yancin mata
A ranar 28 ga Satumba 2021, yayin harin da gwamnati ta jagoranta a kan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (duba #Matsa a kan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu), Kotun Koli ta Belarus ta tilastawa kungiyar "Ra'ayin Jinsi" NGO (Rasha: Гендерные перспективы) wanda ya inganta haƙƙin mata a Belarus ta hanyar jure wa nuna bambanci na cikin gida. GP ya hada kai da gwamnati kan al'amuran shari'a da suka shafi mata kuma ya dauki nauyin layin wayar tarho na kasa ga wadanda rikicin cikin gida ya shafa wanda ya dauki c. Kira 15,000 a cikin shekaru 10. Bayan da kotun ta kori wannan kungiyar, tawagarta ta yi ikirarin cewa gwamnati "ba ta damu da bukatun mata masu yawa da ke fuskantar cin zarafi ko kuma nuna wariyar jinsi ba".

A cikin 2023, 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Kanada Patricia Lamanna ta soke kwantiraginta da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Belarusian FC Minsk, Ta bar bayan watanni 3 ba a biya ta albashi ba, rashin tanadin wurin zama da kuma rashin iya amfani da katin kiredit na Kanada don yin mu'amala a Belarus saboda ƙuntatawa.

### Jima'i
Belarus ta halatta liwadi a 1994; duk da haka, 'yan luwadi suna fuskantar wariya sosai.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an gudanar da faretin fahariyar gay a Minsk. An gudanar da fareti guda ɗaya a shekara ta 2001, lokacin da aka gudanar da zaɓen shugaban ƙasa. Koyaya, bisa ga OutRage! (Kungiyar kare hakkin 'yan luwadi da ke Biritaniya), taron 'yan luwadi da aka yi a shekara ta 2004 an soke shi bayan da hukumomi suka yi barazanar kama wadanda ke halartar taron. An rufe kulob din 'yan luwadi na kasar Oscar a shekara ta 2000 kuma a watan Afrilun 1999 ma'aikatar shari'a ta hana yunkurin kungiyar Belarus Lambda na neman rajista a hukumance. A ranar 31 ga Janairu, 2005, hukumar yaki da batsa da tashin hankali ta Belarus ta sanar da cewa za ta toshe gidajen yanar gizo guda biyu na gay, www.gaily.ru da www.qguis.ru; an ce suna dauke da kalaman batsa da kuma "alamu na batsa".

A cikin 1999, a cikin wani babban taro mai suna "The Pernicious Consequences of International Projects of Sexual Education", mambobin cocin Orthodox na Belarushiyanci rahotanni sun zargi UNESCO, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya da ƙarfafa "lalata", ayyukan "shaidan" (kamar amfani da kwaroron roba) da zubar da ciki. An ba da rahoton cewa wani limamin coci ya yi kira da a "hukumta dukkan 'yan luwadi a kan kujerar lantarki".&#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

A cikin watan Agusta 2004 da kasa da kasa 'yar kasar Sin ta ruwaito cewa hukumomin Belarusies sun tilasta wa bikin gargajiya na gay, waterbow, za a soke barazanar tashin hankali; za a kori baki da suka shiga duk wani aiki mai alaka da su daga kasar. Bugu da kari, an yi zargin cewa kungiyoyin neo-Nazi sun matsa wa mahukunta lamba kan soke taron. Bill Schiller, kodinetan ILGCN, ya bayyana halin da ake ciki:<blockquote>Yayin da sauran kasashen Turai ke ci gaba, wannan mulkin kama-karya na karshe a Turai na kokarin tura al'ummarta na 'yan luwadi zuwa sansanin 'yan Nazi na shekarun 1930", in ji Schiller.</blockquote>Sau da yawa an hana al'ummar LGBT gudanar da fareti na alfahari a Belarus. An tsare masu fafutuka da yawa a cikin 2010 yayin da suke ƙoƙarin riƙe girman kai bayan haramtacciyar ta. A cikin 2011 da 2013, ma'aikatar ta ki yin rajistar Kungiyoyin LGBT; saboda haka Belarus ba ta da ƙungiyoyin LGBT. An bayar da rahoton hare-haren 'yan sanda a kan jam'iyyun gay, kuma ana yawan yin tambayoyi ga masu gwagwarmayar LGBT dangane da laifuka daban-daban. An yi wa daya daga cikin masu fafutuka duka a ofishin 'yan sanda, amma ofishin mai gabatar da kara ya ki fara bincike kan wannan shari'ar.

== Nuna bambanci tsakanin kabilanci ==

=== Rashin jinin Yahudawa ===
In 2004, Charter'97 reported that on some government-job applications, Belarusians are required to state their nationality. An ba da wannan a matsayin shaidar ƙiyayya ta jiha a yankin, saboda ana zargin ana amfani da irin waɗannan ayyuka don nuna wariya ga Yahudawa a cikin USSR. Ana kuma buƙatar su bayyana bayanai game da danginsu da danginsu na kusa; ana zargin hakan sabawa kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ne. Sauran ƙasashe (kamar United Kingdom) kuma suna tambayar masu neman su bayyana ƙabilar su akan fom ɗin neman aiki a lokuta da yawa, kodayake ana amfani da wannan bayanin don dalilai na ƙididdiga kawai.

Kasar Belarus dai ta sha suka daga kungiyar hadin kan Yahudawa a tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet, da dama daga cikin 'yan majalisar dattawan Amurka da kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama kan gina filin wasan kwallon kafa a Grodno a wurin wani makabartar Yahudawa mai dimbin tarihi. An kafa gidan yanar gizo, www.stopthedigging.org (tun lokacin da aka rufe), don adawa da wulakanta makabartar. Har ila yau gwamnatin Lukashenko ta fuskanci suka kan wannan batu daga mambobin majalisar dokokin kasar da kungiyoyin Yahudawa a Belarus.

A cikin Janairu 2004, Forum 18 ya ruwaito cewa Yakov Gutman (shugaban Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya na Belarushiyanci Yahudawa) ya zargi Lukashenko da "hakin kansa na lalata wuraren tsarki na Yahudawa a Belarus", yana zargin hukumomi da ba da izinin lalata majami'a don gina gine-ginen gidaje, rushe wani tsohon shul don gina filin ajiye motoci na Yahudawa da yawa da kuma lalata biyu. A cewar rahoton, ‘yan sanda sun tsare shi kuma aka kai shi asibiti bayan da alamu ya samu bugun zuciya.

A cikin Maris 2004, Gutman ya sanar da cewa zai bar Belarus zuwa Amurka don nuna rashin amincewa da nuna kyamar Yahudawa. Rahoton na UCSJ na Yuli na 2005 ya bayyana ra'ayinsa cewa wani mai taimaka wa Shugaban kasa (wani tsohon mai ra'ayin Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci, Eduard Skobelev) ya buga litattafai na adawa da Yahudawa tare da tallata bindigogi don magance abin da ya kira "matsalar Yahudawa". A shekarar 1997, Skobelev aka bai wa lakabin "girmama Figures na al'adu" da Lukashenko da kuma sanya a kula da mujallar Neman.

Wakilin UCSJ a Belarus, Yakov Basin, ya rubuta wani rahoto wanda ya ba da cikakken bayani game da zargin da hukumomi ke yi na adawa da Yahudawa. Bugu da kari, Yakov Basin ya ce hukumomi suna "kusa da cewa ba su lura da halin adawa da Yahudawa tsakanin ma'aikatan gwamnati, masu ra'ayi da shugabannin Cocin Orthodox ba". Ya kuma bayar da rahoto game da littattafan adawa da Yahudawa da Ikilisiyar ta buga.

Cibiyar ilimi mafi girma ta Yahudawa a Belarus (Cibiyar Humanities ta Duniya ta Jami'ar Jihar Belarus) an rufe ta a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2004,  a cikin abin da yawancin Yahudawa suka yi imanin cewa aiki ne da gangan na adawa da Yahudawa don lalata hakkinsu na ilimi da matsayi a cikin al'umma. Koyaya, ba ita kaɗai ce cibiyar ilimi da ta fuskanci rufewa a Belarus ba; jami'a mai zaman kanta ta ƙarshe a cikin ƙasar, Jami'ar Humanities ta Turai (cibiyar da ta karɓi kuɗi daga Tarayyar Turai),  an rufe ta a watan Yulin shekara ta 2004. Masu sharhi sun nuna cewa wannan na iya zama wani ɓangare na yunkurin da Lukashenko ya yi don murkushe rashin amincewa na ciki.

Masu lura da lamuran yahudawa sun yi nuni da kalaman kyama da ‘yan majalisa da sauran mambobin gwamnati, da gazawar hukumomi a Belarus wajen hukunta masu aikata laifukan yaki (ciki har da laifukan tashin hankali) a matsayin manuniyar manufar kyamar baki daga jihar.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

A shekara ta 2007, shugaban kasar Belarus Lukashenko ya yi tsokaci game da al'ummar Yahudawa na Babrujsk:"Wannan birni ne na Yahudawa, kuma Yahudawa ba su damu da wurin da suke zaune ba. Sun juya Babrujsk zuwa gidan alade. Dubi Isra'ila - Ina can. "Wannan sharhi ya haifar da zargi daga shugabannin Yahudawa da Isra'ila; Lukashenko daga baya ya aika da wakilai zuwa Isra'ila.

A cikin 2015, Lukashenko ya sake yin wani sharhi a yayin wani jawabi na tsawon sa'o'i uku na TV, yana sukar gwamnan lardin Minsk saboda rashin kiyaye yawan Yahudawa na Belarus "a karkashin iko." Ya kuma kira Yahudawa “fararen kashi,” ma’ana ba sa jin daɗin aikin ƙasƙanci.

A cikin 2021, Alexander Lukashenko ya yi iƙirarin cewa "Yahudawa sun yi nasara wajen sa duk duniya ta yi musu biyayya", wanda ma'aikatar harkokin waje ta Isra'ila ta soki. A wannan shekarar, jaridar gwamnatin Belarus 'Segodnya ta zargi kungiyoyin Yahudawa na Belarus da yunkurin lalata halin da ake ciki a kasar tare da taimakon Yahudawa a kasashen waje.

### Rashin amincewa da mulkin mallaka
A ranar 3 ga watan Agustan 2005, an kama wani mai fafutuka da ke aiki da kungiyar Tarayyar Poles (wakiltan 'yan tsirarun al'ummar Poland) kuma aka yanke masa hukuncin zaman gidan yari na kwanaki 15 kuma Lukashenko ya zargi 'yan tsirarun Poland da yunkurin kifar da shi. Daga baya an yanke wa tsohon shugaban kungiyar ta Poles Tadeusz Gawin hukunci na biyu bisa zarginsa da dukan abokan zamansa (da'awar da ya musanta).

A ranar 27 ga Yulin 2005 ne aka kai samame ofisoshin kungiyar ‘yan sanda a cikin rikicin da ya kunno kai a ranar da ta gabata, lokacin da aka kori Andrzej Olborski (wani jami’in diflomasiyyar Poland da ke aiki a Minsk) daga kasar—korar ta uku cikin watanni uku. Poland ta zargi Belarus da tsananta wa 'yan sanda 400,000 wadanda suka kasance wani yanki na Belarus tun lokacin da aka mayar da iyakokinta zuwa yamma bayan yakin duniya na biyu.

### Rashin amincewa da Gida
Tsohon jami'in 'yan sanda ya ba da rahoton cewa 'yan ta'adda na Belarushiyanci suna da dokoki na yau da kullum ga mutanen Romani waɗanda suka haɗa da bincikar takardu na sabani, jarrabawar waya, duba gida ba tare da dalili ba. Kashi 80% na mutanen Romani a Belarus suna da'awar cewa sun fuskanci antiziganism (antigypsyism) ta 'yan sanda wadanda suka hada da tsare su ba bisa ka'ida ba, rajistar yatsa da yawa, kwace motoci.

A ranar 16 ga Mayu 2019, an gano jami'in 'yan sanda na GAI ya mutu a kusa da Mahilioŭ. Nan da nan bayan haka, an shirya manyan hare-hare kan mutanen Romani na yankin. An tsare har zuwa mutane 40 na Romani. An saki mata bayan dare a ofishin 'yan sanda, amma maza sun kasance a ofishin' yan sanda. Ɗaya daga cikin matan Romani da aka saki ya ce an gaya mata cewa "maza za su kasance a kurkuku har sai mun [yan sanda] suka sami masu laifi. "  Daga baya aka tabbatar da cewa jami'in 'yan sanda na GAI wanda mutuwarsa ta haifar da waɗannan tarurruka ya kashe kansa.  Ministan cikin gida Igor Shunevich ya ki ya nemi gafara ga al'ummar Romani saboda wannan lamarin. Kungiyar Kare Hakkokin Bil Adama ta kasa da kasa ta yi kira da a gudanar da bincike kan tarzomar da aka yi wa mutanen Roma a Mailioŭ. 

### Nuna bambanci ga masu magana da yaren Belarus
Mambobin tsiraru masu magana da harshen Belarusanci sun koka kan yadda ake nuna wariya ga harshen Belarusanci a Belarus, da rashin ilimin harshen Belarusanci da bayanan mabukaci a Belarusian, duk da kasancewar matsayin harshen Belarus a matsayin harshen jihar baya ga Rasha.

A cikin 2016 na 'yancin ɗan adam na ƙasar game da rahoton Belarus, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta kuma bayyana cewa akwai " wariya ga ... waɗanda suka nemi yin amfani da harshen Belarushiyanci.  Rahoton ya ce "Saboda gwamnati na kallon yawancin masu goyon bayan harshen Belarus a matsayin abokan adawar siyasa, hukumomi sun ci gaba da cin zarafi da kuma tsoratar da kungiyoyin ilimi da al'adu wadanda suka nemi inganta Belarusian kuma suka yi watsi da shawarwari na fadada amfani da harshen."

Belarus tana da harsuna biyu na hukuma, amma an ba da rahoton shari'o'in gwaji a cikin Rasha duk da korafin wadanda ake tuhuma don amfani da harshen Belarusian.  

A ranar 23 ga Yuli 2021, Mova Nanova darussan yaren Belarusian an rushe da karfi. A cikin Yuli 2021, hukumomi sun gudanar da bincike a ofishin Ƙungiyar Harshen Belarushiyanci, kuma a watan Agusta Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta nemi a rushe wannan al'umma a Kotun Koli ta Belarus. 

## Gudanar da garkuwa da gwamnati
Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun misalai na keta haƙƙin ɗan adam da ka'idojin ƙasa da ƙasa na gwamnatin Belarus shine sace-sacen, tsare-tsare ba bisa ka'ida ba da kuma azabtar da lauyan Amurka Emanuel Zeltser  da mataimakinsa, Vladlena Funk . A ranar 11 ga Maris 2008, jami'an KGB na Belarus sun sace Zeltser da Funk a Landan. Dukansu biyu sun yi amfani da kwayoyi kuma an kai su Belarus a cikin wani jirgin sama mai zaman kansa na Boris Berezovsky, wani oligarch na Rasha kuma abokin Lukashenko wanda Interpol ke nema don zamba, satar kudi, shiga cikin shirya laifuka da laifukan kudi na kasa da kasa.An kai su Amerikanka (wurin da ake tsare da su na zamanin Stalin Belarusian KGB), inda aka azabtar da su, an hana su magani kuma sun ce za su ci gaba da zama a gidan yari har abada sai dai idan Amurka ta dage takunkumi kan Lukashenko. An yi garkuwa da Zeltser da Funk tsawon kwanaki 473 da kwanaki 373, bi da bi. Kama su, azabtarwa da tsare su ya haifar da fushi na kasa da kasa da kuma manyan labaran manema labarai (a fili hukumomin Belarusian ba zato ba tsammani). 

Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka da membobin Majalisa ta Amurka sun bukaci a saki wadanda aka yi garkuwa da su. Shugabannin duniya, Majalisar Tarayyar Turai da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na kasa da kasa sun shiga kiran Amurka don sakin Funk da Zeltser nan take. Amnesty International ta ba da faɗakarwa ta gaggawa game da " azabtarwa da sauran rashin kulawa" na Zeltser. Ihar Rynkevich, kwararre kan harkokin shari'a na Belarushiya kuma sakataren yada labarai na hukumar Helsinki ta Belarus, ya ce a cikin wata hira da aka yi da shi: "Wannan kuma wani abin kunya ne ga bangaren shari'a na Belarus wanda fiye da ƙarni daya na masana shari'ar Belarus za su kyamaci. Wasikar ƙungiyar mashaya ta nuna "babban damuwa [] game da kamawa da tsare Mista Zeltser da Ms Funk da rahotanni na cin zarafin Mista Zeltser" kuma ta bayyana cewa wannan bai dace da wajibai na Belarus ba a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa, gami da Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa (ICCPR) da Yarjejeniya kan Torture da Sauran Inhumor ko Ragewa (CAT). Wasikar ta kuma lura cewa zargin da KGB ta kawo wa Zeltser da Funk "kamar ba su da tushe a gare ta", ba su da "duk wani bayani ko daki-daki" kuma "an ba da rahoton damuwa cewa wannan tuhuma ce da aka ƙirƙira, an kirkira don tabbatar da tsare su ba bisa ka'ida ba".

Ba a "kama" Funk ko Zeltser ba, "an tuhume su", "an gurfanar da su", "ana gwada su" ko "an yanke musu hukunci" a karkashin dokar Belarus ko ta duniya. An kama su ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma an yi garkuwa da su, ta hanyar keta dokar kasa da kasa da dokar Belarus. A lokacin da aka tsare su Funk da Zeltser sun fuskanci azabtarwa da zalunci, rashin mutunci ko rashin mutunci, a keta Mataki na 25 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Belarus;  dokar Amurka da yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa, gami da Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan Karɓar Masu Garkuwa (Yarjejeniyar Hostage);  Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Karɓar Hakki;  Yarjejeniyar Duniya kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa (ICCPR);  Yarjejeniyar Dinkin Duniya game da Hakkin Jama'a (Yar Torture);  da Hakkin Bil'adarin Jama'adama ta Duniya). Satar Zeltser da Funk, tsarewa da cin zarafi a cikin tsare KGB wani yunƙuri ne na tilastawa Amurka ta ɗage takunkumin da aka saka wa Lukashenko (da sauran membobin gwamnatin Belarushiyanci) da kuma kamfanin man petrochemical na Belarusian Belneftekhim (wanda suka mallaka). Ayyukan Belarus sun kasance babban cin zarafi ga dokar kasashe da kuma ka'idojin da duniya ta amince da su na dokokin kasa da kasa na 'yancin ɗan adam, ciki har da dokokin da suka hana yin garkuwa da ta'addanci da gwamnati ke daukar nauyinta.

Baya ga bukatun kasashen duniya, Lukashenko ya saki Funk a ranar 20 ga Maris 2009 da Zeltser a ranar 30 ga Yuni (lokacin da wata tawaga daga Majalisar Dokokin Amurka ta tafi Belarus don ganawa da Lukashenko game da rikicin garkuwa).  Babban jami'in diflomasiyyar Amurka a Belarus Jonathan Moore ya yi tsokaci bayan sakinsu: "Babu wani lokaci da hukumomin Belarus suka taba bayar da wata alama da ke nuna cewa tuhumar da ake yi wa Mista Zeltser da Ms Funk sun dace. A sakamakon haka, zan iya yanke hukuncin cewa tuhumar da ake yi a wannan shari'ar ba ta dace ba; kuma sakamakon wani dalili ne na karin doka. "

Ko da yake Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta sha nanata cewa ba ta amfani da 'yan kasarta a matsayin "kwanciyar hankali", da yawa a Belarus har yanzu sun yi imanin cewa Amurka ta kulla yarjejeniya da Lukashenko (wanda ya sa shi sakin mutanen da aka yi garkuwa da su don musayar IMF credits zuwa Belarus). Da yake bayyana a tashar talabijin ta NTV ta Rasha, Anatoly Lebedko (shugaban jam'iyyar Belarusian United Popular Party) ya ce: "An tilasta wa Washington ta biya kudin fansa ga 'yan kasarta [sic] ta hanyar ba Lukashenko lamunin IMF, mai tsabta da sauki; a zahiri, wannan yin garkuwa ne, al'adar, wacce ta yadu a Belarus ta daukaka kara zuwa matakin siyasa na kasa da kasa, amma ba wai kawai isar da sakon siyasa ba ne ga Lukashenko. 'yancin ɗan adam." 

## Rashin da aka tilasta

A cikin 1999 shugabannin adawa Yury Zacharanka da Viktar Hanchar tare da abokin kasuwancinsa Anatol Krasouski sun bace. Hanchar da Krasouski sun bace ne a rana guda da aka watsa a gidan talabijin na kasar inda shugaban kasar Alexander Lukashenko ya umarci hafsoshin tsaronsa da su murkushe "zaman 'yan adawa". Ko da yake Kwamitin Tsaro na Jamhuriyar Belarus (KGB) yana sa ido a kai a kai, binciken da aka gudanar ya sanar da cewa ba za a iya magance lamarin ba. Binciken bacewar dan jarida Dzmitry Zavadski a shekara ta 2000 shi ma bai haifar da wani sakamako ba. An kwace kwafin rahoton Majalisar Dokokin Tarayyar Turai, wanda ya danganta manyan jami'an Belarus da shari'ar bacewar.

A watan Satumba na 2004, Tarayyar Turai da Amurka sun ba da dokar hana tafiye-tafiye ga jami'an Belarus biyar da ake zargi da hannu a sace Zacharanka: Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida Vladimir Naumov, mai gabatar da kara Viktor Sheiman, Ministan wasanni da yawon shakatawa Yuri Sivakov, da Kanar Dmitry Pavlichenko daga ma'aikatar cikin gida ta Belarus.

A watan Disamba na 2019, Deutsche Welle ya buga wani fim na gaskiya wanda Yury Garavski, tsohon memba na wani sashi na musamman na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida ta Belarus, ya tabbatar da cewa rukuninsa ne suka kama, suka tafi da su tare da kashe Zecharanka kuma daga baya sun yi daidai da Viktar Hanchar da Anatol Krassouski.

## Matsayi ta kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam
Manyan kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan Adam na sukar kasar Belarus da halin da take ciki. A mafi yawan lokutan Lukashenko, an lisafta shi a matsayin wanda ya jagoranci daya daga cikin gwamnatoci mafi zalunci a duniya.

 
Kalaman abokantaka na 'yancin ɗan adam na Belarus ba su da goyan bayan ingantaccen haƙƙin ɗan adam a cikin 2016. Hukuncin kisa yana ci gaba da amfani. Jami'ai na ci gaba da gurfanar da masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama da kuma 'yan jarida masu ra'ayin rikau a kan tuhume-tuhume. Gyaran dokar ya kara takaita ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ta hanyar fadada ma’anar “tsattsauran ra’ayi” da kuma hana yada wasu nau’ukan bayanai tsakanin yara a karkashin karya na kare su. Masu sa ido na kasa da kasa sun amince da wasu ci gaban da aka samu a zaben 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar na watan Satumba, amma sun yi kira da a kara yin garambawul.
-  Rahoton Duniya na Human Rights Watch 2017[187]
 
Tsanani mai tsanani kan yancin fadin albarkacin baki, kungiyance da gudanar da taro cikin lumana ya kasance a wurin. Gwamnati ta ci gaba da kin yin aiki tare da wakilin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na musamman kan hakkin dan Adam a Belarus. Akalla mutane hudu aka zartar da hukuncin kisa kuma aka yankewa mutane hudu hukuncin kisa.
— Rahoton Amnesty International 2016/2017[188]

## International criticism of human rights in Belarus
Rahoton Majalisar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2007 ya lura cewa "Mai rahoto na musamman ya ci karo da, a cikin shekara ta uku a jere, cikakken kin ba da hadin kai a bangaren Gwamnatin Belarus ... duk kokarin da aka yi don shiga tattaunawa mai ma'ana ya kasance marar amfani"; "yanayin 'yancin ɗan adam a Belarus kullum ya tabarbare"; "Gwamnatin Belarus ba ta yi la'akari da duk shawarwarin da mai ba da rahoto na musamman ya bayar" da ƙungiyoyin yarjejeniya (irin su kwamitin kare hakkin bil'adama).

Wakilin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na musamman ya lura cewa "tsarin siyasa na Belarus yana da alama bai dace da ra'ayin 'yancin ɗan adam ba" kuma "Kwamitin kare hakkin bil'adama ya kamata ya yi kira ga tsarin dimokuradiyya na tsarin siyasa da kuma canza halin siyasa na Gwamnatin [Blarus] ko kuma yarda cewa Belarus 'yancin ɗan adam ba za a iya inganta ba saboda cin zarafin 'yancin ɗan adam ya dace da yanayin siyasa na tsarin mulki. Wakilin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na musamman ya bayyana cewa "Belarus ba ta mutunta wajibcinta a karkashin ka'idojin kare hakkin dan Adam na kasa da kasa da ta yi aiki da su" ya kuma sake nanata shawararsa "cewa Kwamitin Sulhun ya dauki matakan da suka dace don tabbatar da girmamawar Jamhuriyar Belarus na wajibcin shari'a, ciki har da:

* "a nan da nan kafa gungun masana shari'a don bincika ko manyan jami'an gwamnatin Belarus ne ke da alhakin bacewar da kisan 'yan siyasa da 'yan jarida da dama da kuma gabatar da shawarwari na zahiri don gurfanar da su, don kawo karshen rashin hukunta wadanda ke da hannu a irin wadannan laifuka;
* don "kudi ... taimako ga masu kare hakkin bil'adama wadanda aka zalunta, zalunci ko gurfanar da su a siyasance";
* "domin bincikar da hannun manyan jami'an gwamnati a cikin shirye-shiryen laifuka na kasa da kasa da sayar da makamai ba bisa ka'ida ba, sa ido kan kudaden kudi na kasa da kasa na Belarus da kuma, idan ya cancanta, daskare asusun ajiyar banki na kasashen waje na wadanda ke da hannu a fataucin ba bisa ka'ida ba, da kuma gurfanar da masu laifi."

Wakilin na musamman ya jaddada cewa "dangantakar cinikayya da Belarus ba ta samar da ingantacciyar rayuwa ga 'yan kasar Belarus ba, amma a bar gwamnatin shugaba Lukashenko ta ci gaba da mulki ta hanyar take hakkin bil'adama da kuma yin barazana ga tsaron kasa da kasa" kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa "Tarayyar Turai da Amurka su kiyaye takunkumin tafiye-tafiye ga jami'an Belarus" kuma duk sauran kasashe mambobin kungiyar su dauki irin wannan matakan. Wakilin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na musamman ya lura cewa "ra'ayoyin da kimantawa na wakilin musamman game da halin da ake ciki na 'yancin ɗan adam a Belarus an tabbatar da su kuma mafi mahimmancin ƙungiyoyin Turai ko Yuro-Atlantic sun raba su, wato OSCE, Majalisar Majalisar Dokokin OSCE, Majalisar Turai, Majalisar Dokoki ta Majalisar Turai, Majalisar Turai, Majalisar Turai, Majalisar Turai, Hukumar Tarayyar Turai da Majalisar Dokokin NATO ba za ta yiwu ba."

Resolution of the United Nations General Assembly  Ya ce: "Halin da yake da shi na 'yancin ɗan adam a Belarus a cikin 2007 ya ci gaba da tabarbarewa sosai, kamar yadda aka rubuta a cikin rahotannin Ofishin Cibiyoyin Dimokuradiyya da 'Yancin Dan Adam na Kungiyar Tsaro da Haɗin Kai a Turai da rahoton Wakilin Musamman game da halin da ake ciki na 'yancin ɗan adam a Belarus, wanda ya gano cewa ana ci gaba da cin zarafin 'yancin ɗan adam a Belarus.[t]&nbsp;

kuma ya nuna damuwa mai zurfi:
 
Ya ce: "Halin da yake da shi na 'yancin ɗan adam a Belarus a cikin 2007 ya ci gaba da tabarbarewa sosai, kamar yadda aka rubuta a cikin shirye-shiryen Cibiyoyin Dimokuradiyya da 'Yancin Dan Adam na Kungiyar Tsaro da Haɗin Kai a Turai da Wakilin Musamman game da halin da ake ciki na 'yan ɗan adam a Belarus, wanda ya gano cewa ana ci gaba da cin zarafin ɗan adam a Belarus.
 
(b) Game da gazawar gwamnatin Belarus don ba da cikakken haɗin kai tare da duk hanyoyin da Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin ɗan Adam ta yi, musamman tare da masu ba da rahoto na musamman game da halin da ake ciki na haƙƙin ɗan adam a Belarus, yayin da lura da tsananin damuwa da ke da alaƙa da ci gaba da keta haƙƙin ɗan adam a cikin Belarus ...
A ranar 17 ga Satumba 2020, Amnesty International ta bukaci Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ta dauki mataki mai karfi don gudanar da bincike kan rikicin kare hakkin dan adam da ke karuwa a Belarus.

A ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2020, babban kwamitin kare hakkin dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya zartas da wani kuduri wanda ya kara tsananta bincike kan take hakkin dan Adam da aka yi a Belarus yayin zanga-zangar lumana. Fiye da mutane 10000 aka kama a yayin zanga-zangar kamar yadda wakilin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na musamman kan Belarus ya tabbatar.

A ranar 29 ga watan Yunin 2022, Anaïs Marin, mai ba da rahoto na musamman kan yanayin kare hakkin bil'adama a Belarus, ya yi gargadin cewa tabarbarewar 'yancin dan Adam a Belarus na ci gaba da mamaye kasar cikin yanayi na tsoro da mulkin kama-karya. Yayin da take gabatar da rahotonta na shekara-shekara ga hukumar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Geneva, ta yi nuni da manufofin gwamnati da suka tsaurara dokoki cikin tsari tare da tauye haƙƙin farar hula da na siyasa.

### Tarayyar Turai
A cikin Maris 2006 Majalisar Tarayyar Turai ta kakaba takunkumi kan Lukashenko da sauran membobin gwamnatin Belarus, bayan "sun nuna rashin amincewa da gazawar hukumomin Belarus wajen cika alkawurran OSCE na zaben dimokiradiyya ... tare da yin Allah wadai da matakin da hukumomin Belarus suka dauka ... wajen kama masu zanga-zangar lumana da ke aiwatar da haƙƙin haƙƙinsu na 'yancin yin taro don nuna rashin amincewa a lokacin gudanar da zaɓen shugaban ƙasa ...".

A ranar 10 ga Afrilu 2006, Majalisar ta zartar da tsauraran matakai a kan Lukashenko, jagorancin Belarushiyanci da jami'an da ke da alhakin keta ka'idojin zabe na kasa da kasa da kuma dokokin kare hakkin bil'adama na kasa da kasa don murkushe kungiyoyin fararen hula da 'yan adawa na dimokiradiyya, suna ba da shawarar dakatar da visa da kuma yiwuwar karin matakan. Matsayi na gama gari 2006/362 / CFSP yana ba da cewa albarkatun tattalin arzikin Lukashenko da manyan jami'an Belarusian da aka gano don wannan ya kamata a daskare su.

A cikin sanarwar ta 8 ga Nuwamba 2006 Majalisar ta bayyana cewa Tarayyar Turai ta damu matuka game da daure shugabannin siyasa a gidan yari wanda ke nuna rashin amincewa da hukumomin Belarus na ci gaba da mutunta ka'idojin kare hakkin dan adam na kasa da kasa, musamman 'yancin yin shari'a ta gaskiya. Tarayyar Turai ta kuma nuna damuwarta game da hana masu sa ido shiga shari'ar.  kuma a cikin ƙaddamarwar ta 2009 ya ce: "Kwamitin ya yi nadama sosai game da rashin ci gaba mai mahimmanci a cikin magance damuwarta a fannin haƙƙin ɗan'in haƙƙin haƙƙin ɗanɗano na siyasa da mahimman bayanai na siyasa, gami da matsalolin zaman lafiya ...&nbsp;

A ranar 5 ga Agusta 2024, Majalisar EU ta yanke shawarar sanya takunkumi kan ƙarin mutane 28 a Belarus saboda shigar da su cikin danniya da take haƙƙin ɗan adam. Wannan takunkumin ya shafi manyan jami’an ma’aikatar harkokin cikin gida da suka hada da mataimaka biyu na babban ma’aikatar yaki da cin hanci da rashawa (HUBAZiK) da kuma jami’an shari’a da shugabannin cibiyoyin gyaran fuska. An kuma sanya wa wasu fitattun magoya bayan gwamnatin Lukashenka takunkumi, irin su babban daraktan kamfanin dillancin labarai na BelTA da sauran masu yada farfaganda. Matakan sun haɗa da daskare kadara, hana tafiye-tafiye, da ƙuntatawa kan hada-hadar kuɗi. Wadannan ayyuka sun kasance wani bangare na martanin EU game da danniya bayan zaben shugaban kasa na 2020 da kuma hannun Belarus a yakin Rasha da Ukraine.

### Ƙasar Ingila
Ofishin Harkokin Waje da Commonwealth na Burtaniya Yuni 2008 Fitarwa kan 'yancin dan adam na Belarus ya bayyana:
Rikicin 'yancin ɗan adam na Belarus tun lokacin da shugaba Lukashenka ya hau kan karagar mulki a shekara ta 1994 ya kasance mara kyau. Rahoton Satumba na 2006 ... na Wakilin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Musamman ... kan 'Yancin Dan Adam, ya yi matukar suka ga lamarin. Wannan yana daya daga cikin rahotanni da yawa don ambaton yawancin cin zarafin bil'adama ... Halin da ake ciki yana ci gaba da tabarbarewa, yayin da hukumomin Belarusiya ke ci gaba da yin watsi da damuwar da EU da sauran su suka yi ... Ana ci gaba da kame da tsare-tsaren siyasa ... Birtaniya da EU suna ci gaba da tayar da batutuwan 'yancin ɗan adam tare da gwamnatin Belarushiyanci ta hanyar maganganun EU na yau da kullum, demarches da shugabannin EU na manufa a Minsk, da kuma OS7 na duniya ciki har da UN9CE.

### Amurka
A cewar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, tun daga shekarar 2016, manyan matsalolin 'yancin ɗan adam na Belarus sun ci gaba da kasancewa kamar haka:"'yan kasa ba su iya zabar gwamnatinsu ta hanyar zabe; a cikin tsarin da ba a bin diddigi da kuma daidaita al'amura, hukumomi sun yi ta cin zarafi; kuma 'yancin siyasa na tsofaffin fursunonin siyasa ya kasance mai takaitawa sosai yayin da gwamnati ta kasa yin la'akari da batutuwan da suka dade na bacewar siyasa."Baya ga haka, ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka ta yi nuni da cin zarafin da jami'an tsaro ke yi, da rashin kyawun yanayin gidan yari, kame-kamen siyasa, tsoma bakin siyasa a harkokin shari'a, tauye 'yancin jama'a da dai sauransu.

Amurka tana bin manufofin "Zaɓin shiga" tare da gwamnatin Belarus, yana iyakance damar da gwamnati ta samu ga jami'an gwamnatin Amurka a matakin mataimakin sakatare da ƙasa da kuma iyakance taimakon Amurka ga gwamnatin Belarus. A ranar 19 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2006, Shugaba George W. Bush ya ayyana gaggawa ta kasa dangane da ayyukan mambobin gwamnatin Belarus (ciki har da Lukashenko), ya ba da umarnin takunkumi ga Lukashenko, wasu mambobin gwamnatin Belarusian da Belneftekhim don "ƙuntata tsarin dimokuradiyya da kuma zama barazana mai ban mamaki ga tsaron kasa da manufofin kasashen waje na Amurka".

Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta soki mulkin Lukashenko akai-akai, tana bayyana shi a matsayin "mummunan mulkin kama karya wanda ya yi watsi da haƙƙin ɗan adam da 'yanci na asali".Kididdigar da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Amurka da kungiyoyin Turai da na Turai da Turai suka yi, sun nuna rashin mutunta hakkin bil adama, biyayya ga kotunan Belarus ga gwamnatin Lukashenko da mambobin da'irar Lukashenko, da kuma amfani da tsarin shari'a na Belarus a matsayin kayan aiki don cimma manufofin siyasa da ba su dace ba da kuma biyan muradun tsarin mulki. Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya lura cewa tsarin siyasar Belarus "bai dace da ra'ayin 'yancin ɗan adam ba". Sakatariyar Harkokin Wajen Amurka Condoleezza Rice ta kira Belarus "ƙarar mulkin kama-karya ta ƙarshe a tsakiyar Turai".

Belarus tana ƙarƙashin takunkumin Amurka don "ƙuntata tsarin dimokuradiyya da kuma samar da barazana mai ban mamaki ga tsaron ƙasa da manufofin kasashen waje na Amurka". Har ila yau, yana ƙarƙashin takunkumin da Tarayyar Turai ta ɗora don keta haƙƙin ɗan adam. Belarus ta ƙaddara ta zama mai keta dokokin haƙƙin ɗan adam na duniya da kuma karɓar ƙa'idodin halayyar ƙasa da ƙasa ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Amurka, Ƙungiyar Tsaro da Haɗin Kai a Turai (OSCE), Majalisar Dokokin OSCE, Majalisar Turai, Majalisar Dokokin Majalisar Turai, majalisar Tarayyar Turai, Majalisar Tarayyar Tarayyar Yuropa, Hukumar Tarayyar Amirka, da Majalisar Dokokin NATO. Kamar yadda mai ba da rahoto na musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya bayyana a kan Belarus, "ba zai yiwu a yi imani da cewa duk waɗannan mutane ba daidai ba ne ko kuma suna da son kai".

Bayani na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2008: Belarus ta ce:

Rahoton Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Belarus na 2008 an lura da kabari, cin zarafi na al'ada da gwamnatin Belarushiyanci na 'yancin ɗan adam da kuma rashin kula da 'yancin magana, jarida, addini da ƙungiyoyi. Yana nuna rashin daidaituwa tsakanin dokar Belarus da hukunce-hukuncen kotu. Rahoton Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen ta 2008 ya nuna biyayya ga kotunan Belarusiya ga gwamnatin Lukashenko da kuma abubuwan sirri na cikin da'irarsa, har ya kai ga "kotu" a Belarus sun kasance da suna kawai.

Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa sune:

Sashe na rahoton mai taken "Shisshigi ba bisa ka'ida ba tare da Sirri, Iyali, Gida, ko Watsa Labarai" ya lura cewa "dokar [Belarusia] ta haramta irin waɗannan ayyukan; duk da haka, gwamnati ba ta mutunta waɗannan haramcin a aikace"; yayin da "doka na buƙatar sammacin bincike" KGB "sun gudanar da bincike ba tare da izini ba ... ba tare da izini ba" tare da "al'aura da dama da hukumomi suka binciko gidaje da ofisoshin saboda dalilai na siyasa". Ya lura cewa "rashin 'yancin kai na ofishin mai gabatar da kara ya sa kariyar da ta dace ta zama mara ma'ana".

A ranar 12 ga Yuni 2009 gwamnatin Obama ta ci gaba da kakaba takunkumi kan Belarus, bisa ga "sanarwa game da Ci gaba da Gaggawa na Kasa tare da mutunta Ayyuka da Manufofin Wasu Membobin Gwamnatin Belarus da sauran mutanen da ke lalata Tsarin Dimokiradiyya ko Cibiyoyi a Belarus".

## Yanayin tarihi
Jadawalin da ke gaba yana nuna ƙimar Belarus tun 1991 a cikin rahoton Freedom in the World, wanda Freedom House ke bugawa kowace shekara. Ƙimar 1 "kyauta" ne; 7, "ba kyauta ba". 1

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin mutane da kungiyoyi da aka sanyawa takunkumi dangane da take hakkin dan Adam a Belarus
* Kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na Belarus
* Kwamitin Helsinki na Belarus
* Sama da Shamaki
* Viasna Human Rights Center
* Mun Tuna Foundation
* Ƙungiyar demokraɗiyya ta Belarus
* Ranar Haɗin kai tare da Belarus
* Juyin Juya Hali

*

## Bayani

: 1. ^ Lura cewa "Shekara" tana nufin "Shekarar da aka rufe". Saboda haka bayanin shekarar da aka yi alama ta 2008 ya fito ne daga rahoton da aka buga a 2009, da sauransu.  
: 2. ^ Ya zuwa 1 ga Janairu.  

## Bayanan da aka ambata