Juliette Bessis

**Juliette Bessis** (Larabci: جولييت بسيس) an haife ta a shekara ta  alif dubu daya da dari tara da ashirin da biyar 1925 a Gabes, Tunisiya, ta rasu a shekara ta dubu biyu da sha bakwai 2017 a birnin Paris na kasar Faransa. Ta kasance ƙwararriyar masaniya a ƙasar Tunisiya kuma ƙwararriyar a fannin tarihi a yankin Maghreb na arewacin Afirka.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Juliette Saada a ranar sha shidda ga watan Satumbar shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da ashirin da biyar 1925, ta kasance wani ɓangare ne na dangin Yahudawan Tunusiya masu matsakaicin matsayi a yankin kudancin Tunisia, wanda a lokacin yake karkashin mulkin mallaka na Faransa. 
  

### Rayuwar farko
Tana da shekaru sha bakwai ga wata17, ta zama mai fafutuka a jam'iyyar gurguzu ta kasar  Tunusiya, inda ta inganta gwagwarmayar kyamar 'yan ta'adda da kuma turjiya da mamayar da Jamus ta yi wa Tunisiya daga watan Nuwambar shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in da biyu 1942 zuwa Mayun shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in da ukku 1943. A lokacin, ta haɗu da Aldo Bessis a shekarar alif dubu daya  da daritara da sha takwas zuwa dubu daya da daritara da sittin da tara (1918-1969) kuma sun yi aure a ranar ukku ga watan Fabrairu shekara alif dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in da hudu 1944, amma ba ta canza sunanta na ƙarshe zuwa Bessis ba har sai da ta haifi 'yarta ta farko Sophie Bessis.
  

Bayan karatu a Lycée Armand Fallières (yanzu ana kiranta Lycée de la Rue de Russie) a Tunis kuma Bessis tayi karatu a Ecole des Hautes Etudes de Tunis, wacce daga baya ta zama Jami'ar Tunis (mai alaƙa da Sorbonne a Paris), kuma ta sami digiri na farko. a farkon shekarun alif dubu daya da dari tara da hamsin 1950. A cikin shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da hamsin da shida 1956, an naɗa ta farfesa a sashin Khaznadar na Kwalejin Sadiki. Kwararriya a tarihin Maghreb na zamani, bincikenta ya mayar da hankali kan siyasar farkisanci a tekun Mediterrenean, ƙungiyar 'yan kasuwa ta Tunisiya da Libiya ta zamani. Ta samu Ph.D. a cikin tarihin zamani a Sorbonne. 

Bessis Malama ce a babbar makarantar Khaznadar har zuwa shekara ta 1962.

### Bayan Tunisiya
A cikin shekarar 1962, lokacin da ma'aikatan farar hula na Tunisiya suka fara tsarkake manyan jami'an Yahudawa, dangin Bessis sun bar Tunisia, suka fara tafiya Kamaru inda Aldo ya shiga hukumar abinci da noma ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (FAO). A can Juliette ta zama ƙwararriyar Unesco kuma an naɗa ta Farfesa a tarihi a Yaoundé a Ecole normale supérieure, wanda ke cikin tsarin jami'ar Faransa. A cikin shekarar 1964, dangin sun ƙaura zuwa Addis Ababa, Habasha na ƴan watanni kafin Aldo Bessis aka mayar da shi hedkwatar FAO a Rome. Ba da ɗewa bayan haka, iyalin suka ƙaura zuwa Geneva inda Aldo ya mutu a shekarar 1969. Juliette da 'ya'yanta mata daga ƙarshe sun ƙaura zuwa Paris a shekarar 1972.  

A cikin rayuwarta, Bessis ta yi bincike game da siyasar fascist a cikin Bahar Rum kuma ta rubuta burin Mussolini na sake kafawa, karkashin mulkinsa, tsohuwar Daular Roma.   Bincikenta ya kafa tushen littafinta mai suna *La Méditerranée Fasciste (The Fascist Mediterranean)* yana bayyanawa. Mussolini na Italiya da tasirinsa a Tunisiya kafin da lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. 

Daga baya ta koyar a birnin Paris a Cibiyar Nazarin Siyasa, wanda ake kira Sciences Po, da kuma Jami'ar Paris-VIII.

### Mutuwa
Juliette Bessis ta mutu a ranar 18 ga watan Maris na shekarar  2017 tana da shekaru 91 a Paris.
 

A cikin shekarar 2017, 'yarta Sophie Bessis ta sanar da cewa ta ba da gudummawar ɗakin karatu na iyayenta, tarin littattafai da jaridu na tarihin Tunisiya da Maghreb, ga ɗakin karatu na Tunis na ƙasa.

## wallafe-wallafen da aka zaɓa

* Bessis, Juliette. "Le Mouvement ouvrier tunisien: de ses origines à l'indépendance." *Le mouvement social* (1974): 85-108.
* Bessis, Juliette. "Chekib Arslan et les mouvements nationalistes au Maghreb." *Hadisi na* 259. Fasc. 2 (526 (1978): 467-489.
* Bessis, Juliette. *La Méditerranée fasciste: l'Italie mussolinienne et la Tunisie* . Vol. 15. Buga Karthala, 1981.
* Bessis, Juliette. "Sur Moncef Bey et le moncefisme: La Tunisie de 1942 à 1948." *Outre-Mers.* *Karatun tarihin* 70.260 (1983): 97-131.
* Bessis, Juliette. *Revue D'histoire Moderne et Contemporaine (1954-)*, juzu'i. 32, ba. 4, 1985, shafi na 697-699. *JSTOR*, www.jstor.org/stable/20529189. An shiga 7 ga Afrilu 2021.
* Bessis, Juliette. "La siyasa americaine en Afrique du Nord pendant la seconde guerre mondiale." *Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée* 36.1 (1983): 147-161.
* Bessis, Juliette. "Ebrei in un paese arabo: Gli ebrei nella Libia contemporanea tra colonialismo, nazionalismo arabo e sionismo (1935-1970)." (1985): 695-697.
* Bessis, Juliette. "L' adawa France-etats-Unis au Maghreb de la Deuxième Guerre Mondiale jusqu'a l'indépendance des protectorats 1941-1956." *Les Chemins de la Décolonisation de l'Empire colonial français* shekarar (1986): 341-56.

## Manazarta