Yanayi a Oman

Oman ƙasa ce a kudu maso gabashin gabar Tekun Larabawa, da ke Yammacin Asiya, da ke kan iyakar Tekun Larabawa. Yankin Tekun Oman ya kasance muhimmiyar rawa a cikin daular Oman da sultanate.

## Wurin da yake
Oman tana kudu maso gabas  na yankin Larabawa kuma tana da yawan fili mai girman 309,500 km2 (119,500 sq mi).  Yankin ƙasar ya ƙunshi nau'ikan siffofi daban-daban: kwaruruka da hamada suna lissafin kashi 82 na yawan ƙasar;  tsaunukan tsaunuka, kashi 15;  da filin bakin teku, kashi 3.  Sarkin musulmin yana gefen Tekun Oman, da Tekun Arabiya, da kuma Rub'al Khali (Empty Quarter) na Saudi Arabiya, dukkansu sun taimaka wajen keɓe Oman.  A tarihance, huldar da kasar ta yi da sauran kasashen duniya ta hanyar ruwa ne, wanda ba wai kawai ya ba da damar shiga kasashen ketare ba, har ma ya danganta garuruwan da ke gabar tekun Oman.  Rub' al-Khali, mai wuyar wucewa ko da jigilar hamada na zamani, ya yi shinge tsakanin sultanate da cikin Larabawa.  Dutsen Hajar,  wanda ke samar da bel tsakanin gabar teku da hamada daga yankin Musandam (Ras Musandam) zuwa birnin Sur, kusan a gabashin Oman,  ya kafa wani shinge.  Wadannan shingen yanki sun sa cikin Oman ya zama 'yanci daga hare-haren sojojin kasashen waje.  Kusurwar kudu maso yamma na yankin tattalin arzikin Oman yana da nisan mil kaɗan daga tsibirin Socotra na Yaman mai makwabtaka da Puntland, wanda ke tsakanin tashar Guardafui da Tekun Somaliya a kudu.[4].

## Yankunan ƙasa

Abubuwan halitta sun raba ƙasar zuwa yankuna shida daban-daban: Ru'us al-Jibal, gami da arewacin Musandam Peninsula;  filin Batinah da ke gudana kudu maso gabas tare da gabar Tekun Oman;  cikin Oman a bayan gabar tekun Batinah wanda ya ƙunshi Dutsen Hajar, tudunsu, da iyakar hamada; bakin teku daga Muscat-Matrah a kusa da Ras Al Hadd,  da Tekun Larabawa; tsibirin Masirah; kuma a ƙarshe bakin tekun da ba shi da ke kudu zuwa yankin Dhofar.

Sai dai hazo da mai albarka Dhofar, dukkan gabar teku da }asashen da ke kewaye da tsaunukan Hajar, wani yanki ne na hamadar Tekun Oman da kuma yankin hamada, yayin da tsaunukan da kansu ke zama na musamman.

### Gwamnatin Musandam
Yankin arewacin, Musandam, ya na shimfiɗa daga ƙarshen tsibirin Musandam zuwa iyaka da Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa (UAE) a Hisn al-Dibba . Yana da iyaka da Strait of Hormuz, wanda ke haɗa Tekun Farisa da Tekun Oman, kuma an raba shi da sauran sultanate ta hanyar yanki na UAE. Wannan yanki ya kunshi ƙananan duwatsu waɗanda suka zama iyakar arewacin Yammacin Hajar .  Ƙofofi biyu, Elphinstone (*Khawr ash-Shamm*) da Malcom (*Ghubbat al-Ghazirah*), sun raba bakin teku game da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na nesa daga Strait of Hormuz kuma a wani lokaci an raba su da mita ɗari kawai na ƙasa. Yankin bakin teku yana da tsayi sosai, kuma Elphinstone Inlet, mai tsawon kilomita 16 (9.9 miles) kuma an kewaye shi da tsaunuka 1,000 zuwa 1,250   tsawo, ana kwatanta shi akai-akai da fjords a Norway.

### Al-Batinah
Yankin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa da ke raba Ru'us al Jibal daga sauran Oman ya kai kusan kudu kamar garin Shinas na bakin teku. Wani karamin fili na bakin teku da aka sani da *Al-Batinah*  yana gudana daga inda aka sake shiga sultanate zuwa garin As-Sib, kimanin kilomita  (87 miles) zuwa kudu maso gabas. A fadin filayen, wadis da yawa, da ke da yawan jama'a a cikin manyan hanyoyin su, sun sauko daga Dutsen Hajar na Yamma zuwa kudu. Rubutun oases, wanda aka shayar da shi ta rijiyoyi da tashoshin karkashin kasa (aflaj) , ya shimfiɗa tsawon filin, kimanin kilomita  (33,000  a cikin ƙasa.

### Yankin bakin teku na Muscat-Matrah
Kudancin As Sib, bakin tekun yana canza halin. Kimanin kilomita  (109 miles), daga As-Sib zuwa Ras al-Hadd, ba shi da amfani kuma yana da iyaka da dutsen kusan dukkanin tsawonsa; babu noma da ƙananan mazauna. Kodayake ruwa mai zurfi daga wannan bakin tekun yana sa kewayawa ya zama mai sauƙi, akwai ƙananan tashar jiragen ruwa ko wuraren da ke da aminci. Biyu mafi kyau suna a Muscat da Matrah, inda tashar jiragen ruwa ta halitta ta sauƙaƙa ci gaban birane ƙarni da yawa da suka gabata. 

### Al-Sharqiyah
Al Sharqiyah yanki ne na arewa maso gabashin Sultanate na Oman kuma yana kallon Tekun Larabawa zuwa gabas kuma ya haɗa da gefen ciki na Dutsen Hijr na Gabas. Yankin ya kunshi gwamnatoci masu zuwa:

# Kudancin Al Sharqiyah: Lardin Sur shine babban birninta ban da lardunan Jalan Bani Bu Ali da Jalan Bani Bu Hassan, Kamel da Alwafi da Masirah .
# Arewacin Al Sharqiyah: Lardin Ibra shine babban birninta ban da lardunan Bidiyah, Al-Mudhaibi, Qabil, Wadi Bani Khalid, Damma da Al-Tayyeen.

### Yankin bakin teku, da tsibirin Masirah
Yankin bakin teku da aka rushe daga Jalan zuwa Ras Naws ba shi da takamaiman suna. Ƙananan tuddai da wuraren da ba su da kyau sun haɗu da teku na dogon lokaci. Tsakanin wannan bakin tekun kuma kimanin kilomita goma sha biyar daga bakin tekun shine Tsibirin Masirah mara kyau. Da yake shimfiɗa kusan kilomita  (43 miles), tsibirin yana da wuri mai mahimmanci kusa da shigarwar Gulf of Oman daga Tekun Larabawa. Saboda wurin da yake, ya zama shafin yanar gizon soja da Burtaniya ta fara amfani da shi sannan kuma Amurka, biyo bayan yarjejeniyar samun dama da Amurka da Oman suka sanya hannu a 1980.

### Gwamnatin Oman
Yammacin yankunan bakin teku yana da tsaunin tsakiyar Oman. Wadi Samail (mafi girma a cikin yankin dutse), kwarin da ke samar da hanyar gargajiya tsakanin Muscat da ciki ya raba yankin Hajar zuwa yankuna biyu: *Al-Ḥajar Al-Gharbī* (The Western Hajar) da Al-Ḥ ajar Ash-Sharqī (The Eastern Hajar).  A lokaci guda, duwatsu a yankin tsakiya, inda mafi girma daga cikin Hajar suke, an san su da "Central Hajar". Gabaɗaya tsawo yana da kimanin  m (3,900 , amma tsaunuka na tsaunuka masu tsawo da aka sani da Jebel Akhdar ("Green Mountain"), sun tashi zuwa sama da  m (1.9 miles). Jabal Akhdar gida ne na Arabian tahr, nau'in awaki na musamman. Da fatan ceton wannan dabba mai ban mamaki, Sultan Qabus ibn Said ya ayyana wani ɓangare na dutsen a matsayin wurin shakatawa na kasa. Bayan Dutsen Yamma akwai yankuna biyu na cikin gida, Az-Zahirah da Inner Oman, waɗanda kewaye da Rub al Khali. Kusa da Dutsen Hajar ta Gabas akwai yankunan yashi na Ash-Sharqiyah da Jalan, wanda kuma ke kan iyaka da hamada.

### Gwamnatin Dhofar
Yankin Dhofar ya shimfiɗa daga Ras ash-Sharbatat zuwa iyakar Yemen da arewa zuwa iyakar da aka bayyana a sarari da Saudi Arabia. Babban birninta, Salalah, shine mazaunin dindindin na Sultan Said ibn Taimur Al Said da kuma wurin haihuwar sultan na yanzu, Qaboos ibn Said . Mafi girman tsaunin Dutsen Dhofar, Jabal Samhan, yana da kimanin mita 2,000 (1.2 mil).  Yankin bakin tekun Dhofar yana da kyau, ana shayar da shi ta hanyar hazo daga Tekun Indiya kuma yana daga cikin yankin hamada na Arabiya.

Yankin Al Dharerah ya ƙunshi sassa uku: Dhank, Ibri da Yanqul.

## Yanayi

Dangane da Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen, Oman tana da yanayi daban-daban guda huɗu (BWh, BWk, BSk, BSh), duk da haka yanayin BWh (bishi mai zafi) ya mamaye shi sosai.

Baya ga yankin Dhofari, wanda ke da yanayi mai karfi kuma yana karɓar iskõki masu dumi daga Tekun Indiya, yanayin Oman yana da zafi sosai kuma ya bushe mafi yawan shekara.

Lokacin bazara yana farawa a watan Maris kuma yana ci gaba har zuwa Satumba. Ana yin rajistar yanayin zafi mafi girma a cikin ciki, inda aka rubuta  har zuwa matsakaicin  ° C (123.4 ° F). A kan filin bakin teku na Batinah, yanayin zafi na rani ba ya wuce  ° C (116.6 ° F), amma, saboda ƙananan tsawo, danshi na iya zama sama da kashi 90. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na lokacin rani a Muscat shine  ° C (91.4 ° F), amma *gharbī* (Arabic: غَرْبِي, lit. ), iska mai karfi da ke hurawa daga Rub' al-Khali, na iya ɗaga yanayin zafi daga garuruwan da ke kan Tekun Oman da 6 ° C (.8 ° F) zuwa 10 ° C (18 ° F). 

Yanayin hunturu a watan Disamba da Janairu yana da sauƙi kuma yana da kyau, tsakanin 18 da 26 ° C (64.4 da 78.8 ° F). 

Ruwan sama  tekun da kuma filayen ciki ya kasance daga 20 zuwa 100 millimeters (0.8 zuwa 3.9 in) a shekara kuma ya fadi a tsakiyar- da ƙarshen hunturu. Ruwan sama  duwatsu, musamman a kan Jebel Akhdar, ya fi girma kuma yana iya kaiwa  in). 

Saboda fili Jebel Akhdar dutse ne mai laushi, ruwan sama yana gudana cikin sauri, kuma ciyayi, wanda za'a iya sa ran ya fi kyau, ba shi da yawa. Koyaya, babban tafki a ƙarƙashin tudu yana ba da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa ga yankuna masu ƙasƙanci. Bugu da kari, wani babban Wadi yana ba da ruwa ga waɗannan kwari, yana sa yankin ya zama mai amfani da noma a cikin shekaru na ruwan sama mai kyau. 

Dhofar, wanda ke amfana daga ruwan sama na kudu maso yamma tsakanin Yuni da Satumba, yana samun ruwan sama mai yawa kuma yana da koguna masu gudana koyaushe, wanda ke sanya yankin Oman mafi yawan amfanin gona.

Lokaci-lokaci, guguwa daga Tekun Indiya ta Arewa tana sauka, tana kawo ruwan sama mai yawa, kamar Cyclone Kelia ya yi a cikin 2011. Guguwar Gonu ta buge Oman a ranar 6 ga Yuni. Manyan yankuna a yankin babban birnin a cikin Gwamnatin Muscat da Amerat da Quriyat sun sha wahala sosai. Gonu ya fara buga kudancin birnin Sur a ƙarshen ranar 5 ga Yuni 2007.  Cyclone Mekunu shine mafi karfi kuma kawai Babban Cyclone don yin Landfall a cikin al'umma da Dukkanin Yankin Larabawa.

## Yankin da iyakoki

* Area: 
* Border countries: Saudi Arabia: , United Arab Emirates: , Yemen: 
* Coastline: 
* Maritime claims:
** territorial sea: 
** contiguous zone: 
** exclusive economic zone:  and 

## Albarkatarwa da amfani da ƙasa

* albarkatun kasa: man fetur, jan karfe, asbestos, marmara mai iyaka, farar ƙasa, chromium, gypsum, iskar gas Amfanin ƙasa:   Ƙasar noma: 0.1%  amfanin gona na dindindin: 0.12%  wasu: 99.77% (2011)  Ƙasar ban ruwa: 558.4 km2 (215.6 sq mi) (2004)  Jimlar albarkatun ruwa mai sabuntawa: 1.4 km3 (0.34 cu mi) (2011)

## Muhalli

* Hatsari na yanayi: Iskar bazara ta kan tayar da manyan yashi da guguwar kura a cikin ciki yayin fari na lokaci-lokaci.  Bayan ruwan sama, wadis na iya cika da ruwan sama kuma za a iya ambaliya da yawa.  Guguwar da ke yin kasa na iya yin ambaliya sosai, ko kuma ta busa yashi a ko'ina. Muhalli – al’amuran yau da kullum: Fari da karancin ruwan sama na taimaka wa karancin ruwa a kasar.  Kula da isasshen ruwan sha don amfanin gona da kuma amfanin cikin gida na ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin muhalli da Oman ke fuskanta, tare da ƙarancin albarkatun ruwa da za a iya sabunta su.  Ana amfani da kashi 94% na ruwan da ake da shi wajen noma da kashi 2% don ayyukan masana'antu, inda akasari ana samun su ne daga burbushin ruwa a yankunan hamada da ruwan marmaro a tsaunuka da tsaunuka.  Ƙasar da ke cikin filayen da ke bakin teku, kamar Salalah, ta nuna ƙarar gishiri, saboda yawan amfani da ruwan ƙasa da kuma mamaye ruwan teku a kan teburin ruwa.  Gurbacewar rairayin bakin teku da sauran yankunan bakin teku ta hanyar zirga-zirgar motocin dakon mai ta mashigin Hormuz da Gulf of Oman shima abin damuwa ne.
* Bayani na ƙasa: Oman tana cikin wani wuri mai mahimmanci a kan tsibirin Musandam kusa da Strait of Hormuz, wani muhimmin wuri na wucewa don man fetur na duniya.

## Manazarta