open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Margaret Burbidge

A cikin 1972 Burbidge ya zama darektan Royal Greenwich Observatory(RGO),akan secondment daga UCSD. Na 300&nbsp;Shekaru da yawa Masanin Sararin Samaniya ya kasance yana rike da mukamin,amma lokacin da aka nada Burbidge a matsayin darektan RGO an raba mukaman,inda masanin falaki na rediyo Martin Ryle ya nada a matsayin Masanin Astronomer Royal.Burbidge wani lokacin yana danganta wannan ga jima'i, kuma a wasu lokuta ga siyasa da aka yi niyya don rage girman daraktan RGO.Burbidge ya bar RGO a cikin 1974, watanni goma sha biyar bayan shiga, saboda takaddama game da motsi na Ishaku Newton Telescope daga hedkwatar RGO a Herstmonceux Castle zuwa Roque de los Muchachos Observatory a cikin Canary Islands. 

## Manazarta
Razaq Deremi Abubakre

**Razaq Deremi Abubakre** (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Janairu, 1948)  tsohon mataimakin shugaban jami'ar Al-Hikmah ne,      Ilorin, jihar Kwara, Nigeria.   Tsohon Vice-chancellor ne kuma kwamishinan gwamnatin tarayya na hukumar korafe-korafen jama'a     tsakanin shekarun 2012 zuwa 2018.   Ya kasance tsohon shugaban Kwalejin Ilimi, Ila Orangun, Jihar Osun kuma tsohon Dean, na Faculty of Arts, Jami'ar Ilorin.  Ya yi digirinsa na uku a fannin adabin Larabci a Makarantar Gabas da Nazarin Afirka, Jami'ar Landan daga shekarun 1977 zuwa 1980 kan Tsarin Karatu da Zumunci na Commonwealth.  Ya kasance Shugaban Kungiyar Dalibai Musulmi ta Ƙasa ta Najeriya. Ya kammala karatun digiri na farko.  Ya kuma taɓa zama Farfesa a fannin Harshen Larabci da Adabin Larabci. 

## Littattafai

* The Piety of Learning: Islamic Studies in Honor of Stefan Reichmuth 
* Matsalolin Al'adun Larabci da Yarbawa a Kudu maso Yammacin Najeriya 
* Linguistic and Non-linguistic Aspects of Qurʼān Translating to Yoruba 

## Manazarta
Marta Burgay

**Marta Burgay** (30 Nuwamba shekara 1976, Torino ) wata masaniya taurariyar rediyon Italiya ce  wadda a farkon da'awarta ta shahara akan gano    PSR J0737-3039, pulsar biyu na farko (pulsars suna biyu kewaya da juna). ta hanyar amfani da na'urar hangen nesa ta Parkes mai tsawon mita 64 a Ostiraliya . 

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa

* Rubuce-rubucenta a kan rediyon pulsars ta sami *lambar yabo ta shekara2005 Pietro Tacchini*, wanda Ƙungiyar Astronomical ta Italiya ta bayar ( Italian:   ) don mafi kyawun Ph.D. littafin rubutu. 
* A cikin shekara2006, ta zama mace ta farko da ta samu lambar yabo ta IUPAP 's *Young Scientists Prize in Astrophysics* . 
* A cikin shekara2010, ƙungiyar Astronomical Society of India ta karrama ta da lambar yabo ta Zinariya ta Vainu Bappu. 
* Asteroid 198634 Burgaymarta, wanda aka gano a Vallemare di Borbona a shekara2005, an ba ta suna  cikin girmamawarta.  Thearamin Planet Center ne ta buga naming citation a hukuma akan biyar ga watan  5 Oktoba shekara2017 (  ). 

## Nassoshi
Mary E. Byrd

## Ilimi
A ƙarshen karni na 19 yana da matukar wahala ga mace ta sami ilimi mai zurfi. Mary Byrd malama ce,a kai da waje,yayin ƙoƙarin samun ilimi.Byrd ya sauke karatu daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Leavenworth.Ta halarci Kwalejin Oberlin daga 1871 zuwa 1874,lokacin da John Millott Ellis ya kasance shugaban kwaleji. Ta bar Oberlin kafin ta kammala karatunta kuma ta sauke karatu daga Jami'ar Michigan tare da BA a 1878.A 1879 Byrd ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar makarantar sakandaren Wabash a Indiana har zuwa 1882,lokacin da ta bar karatun ilimin taurari a Harvard College Observatory karkashin Dr.EC Pickering. Ta sami digiri na Doctor of Falsafa daga Kwalejin Carleton a 1904.

## Manazarta
Robin Canup

An san Canup don bincikenta bisa ga babban hasashe mai tasiri,ta yin amfani da ƙirar ƙira mai ƙarfi don kwaikwayi yadda rikice-rikicen duniya ke faruwa.   A cikin 2012,Canup ya fara buga wani gyara ga katuwar hasashe mai tasiri,yana mai cewa wata da duniya sun kasance cikin jerin matakai da suka fara da wani gagarumin karo na jikin taurari biyu,kowanne ya fi Mars girma,wanda daga nan ne suka sake yin karo da juna. abin da muke kira Duniya a yanzu. Bayan sake yin karo da juna,an kewaye duniya da wani faifan kayan aiki,wanda suka hade suka zama wata. Ta rubuta littafi kan asalin Duniya da Wata. Canup ya kuma buga bincike da ke kwatanta babban tasirin tasirin Pluto da Charon. 

## Manazarta
Nicole Capitaine

Ayyukanta,wanda aka gudanar a cikin tsarin babban haɗin gwiwar kasa da kasa, ya haifar da kyakkyawan ma'anar tsarin tunani da ma'auni na lokaci don ilimin taurari,da kuma sanin ilimin jujjuyawar duniya.Har ila yau,sun haifar da karɓar IAU da IUGG(International Geodesic and Geophysical Union)na sababbin sigogi da samfuri don astronomy da geodesy, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga yawancin aikace-aikace zuwa sararin samaniya da kuma tsarin tsarin hasken rana.

## Manazarta
C. Marcella Carollo

A halin yanzu,a cikin Oktoba 2018 ETH ta sanar, bisa ga rahoton Rüssli,cewa sun fara tsarin aiki don sanin ko ya kamata a kori Carollo daga matsayinta na farfesa. Hukumar sallamar da ta kafa don wannan dalili ta ba da shawara karara cewa"Kada a kori Farfesa Carollo"Rahoton Hukumar ya lura da"rashin daidaito"a cikin rahoton Rüssli kuma"yana la'akari da shi a matsayin mai yiwuwa cewa kowace Kotu za ta yi la'akari da korar Farfesa Carollo a matsayin rashin gaskiya(ko mafi kyau a kan doka)". 

## Manazarta
Katarina Cesarsky ne adam wata

* Dr.Cesarsky sananne ne don ayyukanta na bincike a wurare da yawa na tsakiya na ilmin taurari na zamani.Sashin farko na aikinta ya kebe ne ga yanki mai karfi.Wannan ya kunshi nazarin yaduwa da abun da ke ciki na haskoki na sararin samaniya na galactic,na kwayoyin halitta da filayen a cikin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin,da kuma hanzarin barbashi a cikin girgizar astrophysical,misali dangane da supernovae.
* Sai ta juya zuwa infrared astronomy. Ita ce babbar mai binciken kyamarar da ke cikin Infrared Space Observatory na Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Turai,wacce ta tashi tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1998.Don haka,ta jagoranci shirin tsakiya, wanda ya yi nazari game da fitar da infrared daga wurare daban-daban na galactic da extragalactic kuma ya haifar da sababbin abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da samuwar taurari da juyin halitta.An karfafa wadannan ta hanyar karin lura tare da ESO VLT, tauraron dan adam Spitzer kuma yanzu Herschel.
Lucky Igbinedion

Lucky Nosakhare Igbinedion (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan Mayu 1957)  shi ne gwamnan jihar Edo a Najeriya daga 29 ga Mayu 1999 zuwa 29 ga Mayu 2007.  Dan jam'iyyar PDP ne.￼

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Lucky ɗa ne ga Gabriel Igbinedion, Esama na Masarautar Benin . Ya yi digirin BSc a harkokin kasuwanci (1982) daga Jami'ar Wyoming a Laramie, da MBA (1983) daga Jami'ar Jihar Jackson, Mississippi, a Amurka . 

## Sana'a
An nada Cif Igbinedion Magajin Garin Oredo (wata karamar hukuma a Najeriya ) a shekarar 1987 kuma ya rike mukamin har zuwa 1989. A 1989, an zabe shi a matsayin mafi kyawun Magajin Gari a Najeriya kuma ya sami lambar yabo don kokarinsa na ci gaba. 

An zabi Lucky Nosakhare Igbinedion a matsayin gwamnan jihar Edo a watan Afrilun 1999 a zaben gwamnan jihar Edo karkashin jam’iyyar PDP kuma an sake zabe a shekarar 2003. Shi da mataimakinsa Mike Oghiadomhe, sun rike mukamin daga ranar 29 ga Mayu 1999 zuwa 29 ga Mayu 2007.

A lokacin gwamnansa ya kafa makarantar Polytechnic Usen ta jihar Edo kuma abokan aikinsa suka zabe shi a matsayin shugaban kungiyar gwamnonin Najeriya (NGF) . 

Matarsa, Eki Igbinedion, ta kasance mai fafutuka a kan yawaitar fataucin mata daga Jihar Edo zuwa Turai .  Eki Igbinedion ya kafa Idia Renaissance, kungiya mai zaman kanta don yaki da fataucin mutane.

## Bayan barin ofis
A watan Janairun 2008 ne Hukumar Yaki da Yiwa Tattalin Arzikin Kasa Ta’annati da Tattalin Arzikin Kasa Ta’annati ta bayyana neman sa a kan tuhume-tuhume 142 na zamba. Wannan ya shafi zargin almubazzaranci da  miliyan 24 (£12m) ta hanyar amfani da kamfanoni na gaba. Ya mika kansa a watan.   Majalisar matasan Benin ta nemi a ba ta uzuri kan kalaman da ke nuna ya gudu daga shari’a. 

A cikin Nuwamba 2021, Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa ta kuma gayyace shi kan zargin karkatar da asusun jama'a zuwa biliyan 1.6.  

## Duba kuma

* Jerin sunayen gwamnonin jihar Edo

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Gidan yanar gizon hukuma
Mahfouz Adedimeji

**Mahfouz A. Adedimeji** farfesa ne a Najeriya a fannin Pragmatics and Applied Linguistics.  Shi ne majagaba Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Ahman Pategi, Patigi a Najeriya, masanin Fulbright, tsohon Daraktan Cibiyar Nazarin Zaman Lafiya da Dabaru a Jami'ar Ilorin, tsohon memba na Majalisar Gudanarwa na Ƙungiyar Nazarin Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya, jakadan al'adu a Amurka a karkashin Cibiyar Ilimi ta Duniya (IIE), New York.    

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Mahfouz A. Adedimeji haifaffen ɗan gidan Shaykh Ahmad Mahaliy Adedimeji da Khadijah Abeje a jihar Iwo Osun.   Ya halarci St. Anthony's RCM, Ile-Idisin, Iwo da St. Mary's Grammar School, Iwo.  Ya samu BA (Honours), MA da Ph.D. digiri a cikin harshen Ingilishi daga Jami'ar Ilorin. Ya sami ƙarin horo daga irin waɗannan cibiyoyi kamar Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimi mai zurfi (HIVEP), Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimi ta Fasaha a Afirka (VIHEAF), Jami'ar Jihar Gwamna, Illinois, Amurka da Kroc Cibiyar Nazarin Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya, Jami'ar Notre Dame, Indiana, Amurka.    

## Sana'a
Mahfouz A. Adedimeji ya fara aikinsa na ilimi a shekarar 2000 a Jami'ar Ladoke Akintola inda ya kasance mai koyarwa na Shirin Kimiyya na Pre-Degree daga watan Yuli Disamba 2000.  Daga watan Oktoba 2000  Agusta 2001, ya kasance Mataimakin digiri na biyu a Sashen Nazarin Gabaɗaya.  Tsakanin shekarun 2005 zuwa 2006, ya kasance jakadan al'adu kuma masanin Fulbright a Jami'ar Gwamnonin Jihar (GSU), Illinois, inda ya yi karatu da koyarwa.  Daga karshe ya shiga Jami'ar Ilorin inda ya samu matsayi (na matakin mai koyarwa) ya zama farfesa a watan Oktoba, 2019.  

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa
Mahfuz a. Adedimeji ya lashe lambobin yabo daga International Chartered World Learned Society, Cibiyar nazarin ta American Biographical Institute, National Congress of Nigerian Students (nacons), da Union of Campus Journalists, University of Ilorin, da Nigerian Army Education Corps, Postgraduate Students Association da Muslim Students Society of Nigeria (MSSN). 

## Labarai
Baya ga mujallun da aka yi bitar takwarorinsu, ya kuma wallafa nau'ikan littattafai daban-daban; 

### Anthologies

* The word or sword? 
* Five Alive and Fifty-five Other Poems

### Ba Almara ba

* Let's Talk about Death
* The Webs of Shaitan
* Right Writing, Wrong Writing
* Doses of Grammar
*
*
*
*
*
* 
* 
* 

## Abokan tarayya da membobinsu
Shi fellow ne kuma Knight na Cibiyar Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya. Shi ma'aikaci ne a Cibiyar Gudanar da Harkokin Kasuwanci, Nijeriya; Society for Peace Studies and Practice, kazalika da International Association of Research Scholars da Adminstrators (IARSA).  Har ila yau, mamba ne na kungiyar Malaman Ingilishi ta Najeriya (ESAN), kungiyar masu sana'a ta ƙasa (PrAN), Association of Nigerian Authors (ANA) da Fulbright Alumni Association of Nigeria (FAAN). 

## Manazarta
Annie Jump Cannon

Domin samun damar samun ingantacciyar na'urar hangen nesa, Cannon ta yi rajista a Kwalejin Radcliffe a 1894 a matsayin"dalibi na musamman",ta ci gaba da karatunta na ilimin taurari.An kafa Radcliffe a kusa da Kwalejin Harvard don malaman Harvard don maimaita laccoci ga matasan Radcliffe mata. Wannan dangantakar ta ba Cannon damar zuwa Harvard College Observatory.A cikin 1896,Edward C.Pickering ya ɗauke ta a matsayin mataimakiyarsa a Observatory.A 1907,Cannon ta gama karatunta kuma ta sami digiri na biyu daga Kwalejin Wellesley.

## Manazarta
Reta Beebe

**Reta F. Beebe** (an haife ta daya ga watan Oktoba 10, 1936 a gundumar Baca, Colorado) masanin taurarin  ce a Amurka ne, marubuci kuma mai shaharar ilimin taurari . Ita ƙwararriya ce a duniyar Jupiter da Saturn, kuma marubucin *Jupiter: Giant Planet* .  Ita farfesa ce mai tasowa a Sashen Astronomy a Jami'ar Jihar New Mexico kuma ta lashe lambar yabo ta NASA na Musamman na Sabis na Jama'a.  

Beebe ya shafe shekaru da yawa yana taimakawa wajen tsarawa da sarrafa ayyukan NASA, gami da ayyukan shirin Voyager zuwa ga manyan taurari. Sha'awar bincike ta musamman shine yanayin Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, da Neptune . Ta tsara gwaje-gwaje don binciken da kuma auna gajimare da iskoki na manyan taurari.  Ta yi aiki wajen fassara bayanan Galileo da Cassini kuma ta yi amfani da na'urar hangen nesa ta Hubble don samun ƙarin bayanan yanayi akan Jupiter da Saturn. Ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar Shoemaker/Levy a Cibiyar Kimiyyar Telescope Space a 1994 lokacin da tauraro mai wutsiya ya bugi Jupiter. A da, ta jagoranci kwamitin binciken sararin samaniya da Lunar Exploration (COMPLEX), wanda shine babban kwamitin sararin samaniya na Majalisar Binciken Kasa ta Amurka .  Kwanan nan ta kasance tare da tsara bayanai game da giant taurari a cikin NASA's Planetary Data System . Ita ce ke kula da Node Discipline Node na wannan shirin.  Har ila yau Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Turai ta yi amfani da fasahar adana bayanan duniyarta.  Ta yi aiki a kan kwamitin gudanarwa na International Planetary Data Alliance . 

## Kyauta

* Kyautar 1989 Westhafer don Ƙarfafa a Koyarwa, Bincike, ko Ayyukan Ƙirƙira daga Jami'ar Jihar New Mexico 
* 1998 Dennis W. Darnall Faculty Achievement Award daga Jami'ar Jihar New Mexico 
* Kyautar Harold Masursky ta 2003 daga Sashen Kimiyyar Duniya na Ƙungiyar Astronomical ta Amurka 
* 2010 NASA Medal Na Musamman na Jama'a 
* 2020 An Zaɓe Legacy Fellow of the American Astronomical Society 

## Bayanan kula
Musa Isiyaku Ahmed

**Musa Isiyaku Ahmed,** Masani ne ɗan kasar Najeriya. Shi ne mataimakin shugaban Jami'ar Gwamnatin Tarayya dake garin Zuru (Vice-chancellor) na farko kuma har yanzu .    Farfesa Ahmed mabiyi (Fellow) ne na College of Veterinary Surgeons Nigeria, kuma mabiyi (Fellow) na Institute of Human and Natural Resources, Affiliate Memba Computer Professional Council (CPN), Nigeria Computer Society (NCS) da memba, Academia in Information Technology Professionals (AITP). Farfesa Ahmed ya fito ne daga jihar Borno a Najeriya.  Ya taɓa zama Farfesa a Sashen Nazarin Dabbobi, Parasitology da Entomology a Jami’ar Maiduguri da ke Jihar Borno. 

## Manazarta
Ifeanyi Palmer

**Ifeanyi Palmer** fasto ne dan Najeriya, shugaba, wanda ya kafa kuma babban mai kula da Gospel Harvest Assembly, wanda aka fi sani da Word Arena, kuma hedikwatar cocinsa tana garin Warri, jihar Delta, Najeriya.
Isaiah Ogedegbe ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mutumin da ke magana da Kalma kuma an canza kaddara".
## Ma'aikatar
Kamar yadda mutumin da Allah ya kira don koyarwa da wa' azin Kalmar da alamu, abubuwan al' ajabi da kuma shaidar warakar da ke bin hidimarsa, Ifeanyi Palmer ya fara cocinsa na farko a shekara ta 1999. Manufar Ikilisiyarsa ita ce ta daga maza da mata wadanda za su kasance masu karfi cikin Kalmar, cike da iko, hikima da alheri, wadanda za su kasance masu amfani ga Allah da duniya a yau.

Hangen Ikilisiyarsa ita ce yin wa' azin bishara a duk fadin duniya, horarwa da tara maza da mata don aikin hidima, kawo taimakon farfado ga majami' u ta hanyar tarurrukan farfadowa, don yada Kalmar ta kafofin watsa labarai, don yin da zamantakewa ta hanyar kafawa da kuma kula da kayan aiki ga mabukata.

A matsayin babban malami kuma mai wa'azi, Ifeanyi Palmer a yau yana aiki a karkashin shafewar manzanni wanda ya canza maza da mata ta wurin Kalma da addu'a. A cewar Isaiah Ogedegbe, Ifeanyi Palmer "mutum ne wanda Allah ya kira da gaske kuma ya shafe shi don ya nuna ikon Allah don yantar da dukan mutane".

A ranar 25 ga Satumba, 2022, jaridar Opinion Najeriya ta ruwaito cewa wani limamin cocin daya daga cikin reshen Ifeanyi Palmer da ke Merogun a Warri, Fasto God'spower Okolo ya ce Kiristoci musamman mabiya cocin su rika sanya soyayyar Allah kamar yadda mutum yake sanye kyalle a jikinsa.
## Hanyoyin hadin waje
* Official YouTube Channel

## Duba kuma
* Isaiah Ogedegbe
## Manazarta
Shinga, Jihar Jigawa

**Shinga** gari ne, da ke a Jihar Jigawa a ƙasar Najeriya. Garin yana cikin Ƙaramar Hukumar Hadejia. Yana a bakin wani rafi na kogin Jadejia. 

## Bayanan kula
Ma'aikatar Ma'adinai da Raya Karfe (Nijeriya)

**Ma'aikatar Ma'adinai da Karfe** Ma'aikatar Ma'adinai ce ta Najeriya da aka kafa a shekarar 1985 don ƙarfafa bunƙasa albarkatun ma'adinai na ƙasar. Ma'aikatar tana tsara manufofi, bayar da bayanai game da yuwuwar hakar ma'adinai da samarwa, daidaita ayyuka da kuma samar da kuɗaɗen shiga ga gwamnati. Sassan ayyuka sun haɗa da cadastre na ma'adinai (bayani na wuraren ma'adinai, mallaki da dai sauransu), Binciken Geological na Najeriya, Ma'adinan Inspectorate, Artisanal da ƙananan ma'adinai da yanayin ma'adinai. 

## Ƙungiya
Wani Ministan Tarayya ne ke jagorantar Ma’aikatar da kuma Ministan Jiha, ga duk wanda Shugaban kasa ya naɗa . Babban Sakatare, wanda ma'aikacin gwamnati ne, yana taimakon Ministoci. Babban Sakatare yana da alhakin ayyukan yau da kullun da aiwatar da canje-canjen manufofin. Tun daga Disamba 2009, Babban Sakatare shine Suleiman D. Kassim.

## Hukumar Binciken Kasa
**Hukumar Binciken Yanayin Kasa ta Najeriya** wata hukuma ce ta gwamnatin Najeriya da ta kware a fannin nazarin kasa da kimiyar kasa ta Najeriya. Tana ƙarƙashin ma’aikatar ma’adinai da karafa ta tarayya. Dokar Kafa Tattalin Arzikin Kasa ta Najeriya ta 2006,  ce ta ƙirƙira ta, kuma ita ce wacce ta maye gurbi ga Binciken Geological Survey na Najeriya, wanda aka kafa a cikin 1919 bayan haɗewar Arewacin Najeriya da Kudancin Najeriya.

### Ayyuka
Ayyukan hukumar sun haɗa da:
* geological mapping
* mineral exploration and evaluation
* drilling and technical services
* hydrogeological research
* engineering geological research
* geochemical mapping

Hukumar na da wani reshe, NGSA Consult Ltd, wanda ke bayar da shawarwari, akan ayyukan.

## Duba kuma

* Ma'aikatan Najeriya
* Ma'aikatun Tarayyar Najeriya

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
* Official homepage
Leslye Obiora

**Leslye Amede Obiora** (ana wallafa sunan ta a matsayin **L. Amede Abiora** ) lauyar Najeriya ce kuma farfesa. Rubuce-rubucen aikinta na mayar da hankali kan al'adu, jinsi, ƴancin ɗan adam, da dokokin duniya na jama'a. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Leslye Amede Obiora ta fito daga Oguta, al'ummar Igbo ne a kogin Najeriya. An haife ta ne a kan gunkin da ya haifar da Yaƙin Biafra na Secessionist zuwa Violet Odiso (née Nwakuche) da Samson BC Obiora. Mahaifinta lauya ne kuma mahaifiyarta ta sami digiri a fannin Tattalin Arziki na Gida, kafin ta yi aure a 1951. Obiora na ɗaya daga cikin yara tara ga iyayenta kafin mahaifinta ya rasu a shekara ta 1973. Obiora ta kammala karatunta ta samu digirin farko LLB daga Jami'ar Najeriya a 1984, LLM daga Yale Law School a 1988, da JSD daga Stanford Law School a 2000.

## Sana'a
Obiora ta kasance Farfesa a fannin Shari'a a Amurka tun 1992. A cikin 1999, ta sami tayin aiki daga Bankin Duniya don gudanar da wani shiri don taimakawa inganta daidaiton jinsi a Afirka. A shekara ta 2006, ta sake samun naɗin zama ministar ma’adinai da karafa na tarayyar Najeriya ba tare da ta nemi muƙamin ba. Ita ce mai tarbar wadanda za'a bawa kyaututtuka, ciki har da tayi hakan a shirin Coca-Cola World Fund Visiting Faculty a Jami'ar Yale da kuma abokan tarayya daga Cibiyar Nazarin Ci gaba a cikin Kimiyyar Halayyar a Stanford, Cibiyar Nazarin Ci gaba a Princeton, New Jersey, Rockefeller Foundation Cibiyar Nazarin Bellagio, da Shirin Mawaƙin Mazaunan Djerassi. Ta kasance Genest Global Faculty a Makarantar Shari'a ta Osgoode Hall a Toronto da kuma Farfesa ta Haƙƙin ɗan Adam ta Gladstein a Jami'ar Connecticut. Obiora ita ta kafa Cibiyar Bincike akan Mata, Yara da Al'adu na Afirka (IRAWCC wacce ake kira "I ROCK").

## Manazarta
Shuaibu Audu

**Shuaibu Abubakar Audu** (an haife shi ranar 6 ga Nuwamba 1980) ma'aikacin banki ne kuma ɗan siyasa a Najeriya. Shine ministan cigaban ƙarafa a yanzu tun daga watan Agustan 2023.  

Kafin a naɗa shi minista, ya kasance ɗan takarar gwamna a Jihar Kogi. Bayan gabatarwa da tantance sunayen ministocin da majalisar dattawa ta yi, an naɗa Audu a matsayin ministan bunƙasa ƙarafa a ranar 16 ga watan Agusta, 2023.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Audu ga Abubakar Audu a Kogi. Ya halarci Jami'ar Leicester da ke Burtaniya inda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin tattalin arziki da kasuwanci a shekarar 2001. Ya sami digiri na biyu a Makarantar Kasuwancin Henley, University of Reading. Audu ya samu digirin digirgir a fannin kasuwanci (MBA) a jami'ar Oxford a shekarar 2013 inda ya kasance memba na St Hugh's College.

## Sana'a

### Stanbic IBTC (2013 - 2023)
Shuaibu Audu ya yi aiki a Legas a matsayin manazarcin zuba jari tare da kamfanin Stanbic IBTC. Ya kuma taba zama babban darakta na reshen kula da kadarorin bankin.

Audu ya yi aiki a matsayin babban jami’in gudanarwa na Stanbic IBTC Investment, na tsawon shekaru 10 har zuwa lokacin da ya shiga harkokin siyasa gadan-gadan.

### Siyasa (2023)
Audu dai ɗan jam’iyyar All Progressives Congress (APC) ne inda ya tsaya takara a matsayin ɗan takarar gwamna na jam’iyyar a reshen Jihar Kogi. 

A watan Fabrairun 2023, ya bayyana aniyarsa ta takara a zaɓen gwamnan jihar Kogi a watan Nuwamban 2023 a ƙarƙashin jam’iyyar All Progressives Congress (APC). 

Ya rasa tikitin takarar gwamna a hannun Ahmed Ododo a zaɓen fidda gwani na watan Afrilu 2023.

A watan Agustan 2023, Shugaba Bola Tinubu ya naɗa shi Ministan Raya Karfe.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Shuaibu Audu ɗan tsohon gwamnan jihar Kogi, Abubakar Audu ne. Yana da aure da ƴaƴa.

## Manazarta
Merieme Chadid

Chadid ta zama 'yar Morocco ta farko da kuma mace ta farko da ta zama 'yar kasar Faransa masanin falaki da ta isa zuciyar Antarctica,kuma ta farko da ta kafa tutar Larabawa da ta Afirka(tutar Morocco)a Antarctica  a cikin 2005 lokacin da ta kai ga nasara. balaguron farko na polar don kafa sabon gidan kallo.  Daga cikin nasarorin da ta samu,mafi kyawun abin da ta samu shi ne aikinta a cikin matsanancin yanayi a cikin zuciyar Antarctica daya daga cikin mafi girma, mafi sanyi,mafi kowa da kuma wuraren da ba za a iya isa ba a duniya. Ana yi mata kallon mace ta farko a duniya da ta himmatu wajen girka babban dakin binciken falaki a Antarctica,inda ta yi aikin majagaba.A cikin hirarrakin da ta yi,ta kwatanta shigar da dakin binciken da aikin sararin samaniya,wani yanki ne da ke da tarkacen tashin hankali kawai,wanda ya sa ya fi sauki wajen lura da abubuwa masu nisa fiye da na sauran sassan duniya.Yayin da dare ya ci gaba har tsawon watanni da yawa na shekara, masu bincike a tashoshin Antarctica suna da damar yin nazarin taurari 24/7.
Jerin mata masana ilmin taurari

* Neta Bahcall(an haife shi a shekara ta 1942), masanin ilmin taurari dan Isra'ila kuma masanin ilimin sararin samaniya wanda ya kware a cikin duhu.
* Odette Bancilhon(1908-1998), masanin falaki na Faransa
* Amy Barger(an haife shi a shekara ta 1971),masanin taurarin taurarin Amurka
* Nadine G. Barlow,masanin kimiyyar taurari na Amurka
* Amy Barr, masanin ilimin lissafin duniya na Amurka
* Maria A. Barucci,masanin taurari dan kasar Italiya
* Sarbani Basu, Ba’amurke Ba’amurke masanin falaki yana aiki a cikin hasken rana da taurarin taurari
* Natalie Batalha(an haife ta a shekara ta 1966),Masanin Astronomer na Amurka
* Stefi Baum(an haife shi a shekara ta 1958),masanin taurarin Amurka kuma malami
* Reta Beebe(an Haife shi a shekara ta 1936), masanin kimiyar taurari dan Amurka
* Emilia Pisani Belserene(1922-2012), masanin taurarin Amurka
* Jocelyn Bell Burnell(an haife shi a shekara ta 1943),masanin taurarin rediyon Irish
* Mary Adela Blagg(1858-1944), masanin ilimin kimiyyar yanayi na Ingilishi
* Erika Böhm-Vitense(1923 – 2017), ƙwararren masanin sararin samaniya ɗan ƙasar Jamus.
* Priscilla Fairfield Bok(1896-1975), Masanin astronomer na Amurka
* Tabetha S. Boyajian (an haife shi a shekara ta 1980),ƙwararren Ba'amurke kuma masanin falaki.
* Sophia Brahe(kimanin 1559 zuwa 1643),mace mai daraja ta Danish
* Ingeborg Brun(1872-1929), masanin ilmin taurari dan Danish
* Margaret Burbidge(1919 – 2020), Ba’amurke Ba’amurke mai lura da astronomer da ilimin taurari
* Marta Burgay(an haife ta a shekara ta 1976),masanin taurarin rediyon Italiya
* Mary E. Byrd (1849-1934), malama Ba'amurke kuma mai lura da wasan kwaikwayo
Gimbiya Charlotte ta Saxe-Meiningen

* Bärbel Raschke:*Charlotte Amalie Herzogin von Sachsen-Meiningen (1730-1801).Leben und Wirken im Kontext westeuropäischer und deutscher Aufklärung.*A cikin: *Faransa 2*.Bd.25 ga Nuwamba, 1999, ,S. 69-103.
* Ingeborg Titz-Matuszak und Peter Brosche(Hrsg.):*Das Reisetagebuch 1807 der Herzogin Charlotte Amalie von Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg*. Thüringisches Staatsarchiv Gotha, Gotha 2003(=Reihe:*Schriften des Thüringischen Staatsarchivs Gotha* . Bd.1.).

## Farkon Rayuwa

An haifi Princess Charlotte a ranar 11 ga Satumba 1751. Ita ce 'yar fari da kuma 'yar Anton Ulrich, Duke na Saxe-Meiningen da matarsa ta biyu, Landgravine Charlotte Amalie na Hesse-Philippsthal . Charlotte 'yar'uwar Charles William, Duke na Saxe-Meiningen da George I, Duke na saxe-Meeningen ce.
## Aure

Charlotte ta auri Ernest, Yarima na Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (daga baya Duke na Saxe - Gotha-Aldenburg), ɗan Frederick III, Duke na Saxes-Gotha - Altenburg da matarsa Luise Dorothea na Saxe, a ranar 21 ga Maris 1769 a Meiningen. Charlotte da Ernest suna da 'ya'ya hudu:

## Manazarta
Jun Chen (masanin taurari)

Ta yi karatun digirinta na farko a jami'ar Beijing a shekarar 1990,sannan ta samu digirin digirgir a jami'ar Hawaii a shekarar 1997.Aiki tare da David Jewitt da Jane Luu da sauran masana astronomers,ta haɗu da gano adadin bel na Kuiper.  Cibiyar Ƙaramar Planet ta ba ta damar gano haɗin gwiwar ƙananan taurari 10 a lokacin 1994-1997. 

A halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin mai haɓaka software a masana'antu masu zaman kansu. 

## Manazarta
Johnson O. Akinleye

**Johnson O. Akinleye** shine shugaba na goma sha biyu na Jami'ar North Carolina Central University. An naɗa shi a matsayin chancellor na jami'a a ranar 26 ga watan Yuni, 2017.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Johnson O. Akinleye 1 daga cikin yara 22 a Ile-Ife, Najeriya. Ya sami digiri na farko a fannin sadarwa da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin fasahar watsa labarai daga Jami’ar Alabama A&amp;amp;M da digirin digirgir a fannin ilimin sadarwar ɗan Adam daga Jami’ar Howard. 

## Sana'a
Akinleye ya fara aikinsa a matsayin mataimakin farfesa a Sashen Sadarwa a Jami'ar Jihar Bowie daga shekarun 1986 zuwa 1989. Kafin zuwan NCCU, ya rike muƙamai a Jami'ar Bethune-Cookman, Kwalejin Edward Waters, da Jami'ar North Carolina Wilmington. Akinleye ya shiga NCCU a shekara ta 2014 a matsayin provost kuma Vice-chancellor kan harkokin ilimi. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mukaddashin chancellor na NCCU daga watan Agusta zuwa Disamba 2016, kuma a matsayin chancellor na wucin gadi daga watan Disamba 2016 zuwa Yuni 2017, lokacin da ya sami naɗin na dindindin bayan mutuwar Debra Saunders-White. Dr. Akinleye sau da yawa ana yi masa laƙabi da jagorancin sa da bunƙasa jami'ar sa ta zama babba mai nagarta na HBCU.  Ya kasance fitaccen mai magana akan PBS.  An naɗa Dr. Johnson O. Akinleye a kungiyar NCAA Division I Presidential Forum. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Akinleye ya auri Juanita Akinleye. Suna da yara biyu manya (Nikki da Peter). Akinleye memba ne na Omega Psi Phi da Sigma Pi Phi fraternities.

## Manazarta
Judith Gamora Cohen

**Judith Gamora Cohen** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1946), masanin taurari ne na Amurka kuma Kate Van Nuys Page Farfesa na Astronomy a Cibiyar Fasaha ta California . Ita sananniyar masani ce game da Milky Way Galaxy, musamman game da hasken waje na Galaxy. Ta kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ƙira da kuma gina Keck Telescope . 

An haife shi a shekara ta 1946, a Birnin New York, New York, Cohen ya girma a Brooklyn. Ta yi karatu a makarantun jama'a na birnin, ta kuma halarci makarantun Workmen's Circle a Brooklyn. Mai karɓar National Merit Scholarship, ta halarci Kwalejin Radcliffe, ta kammala karatu daga can a 1967 tare da digiri na farko a fannin ilimin taurari. A shekara ta 1971, an ba ta PhD a fannin ilimin taurari daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta California (Caltech). Rubutun ta, The lithium isotope ratio in F and G field stars, Guido Münch ne ya kula da shi.

Miller Postdoctoral Fellow a Jami'ar California, Berkeley daga 1971 zuwa 1974, daga baya aka nada ta a matsayin mataimakiyar masanin taurari a Kitt Peak National Observatory a Tucson, Arizona . [1] Cohen ya shiga bangaren koyarwa a Caltech a 1979, kuma an kira shi farfesa Kate Van Nuys Page na ilimin taurari a can a 2005. Bugu da kari, tana aiki a matsayin co-shugaban Caltech na Kwamitin Gudanar da Kimiyya na Keck kuma memba ne na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa.[2] Ta kuma gabatar da Caroline Herschel Distinguished Lecture a Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Space Telescope da Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin Distinguished Lacture a Ci gaban Astrophysics, Jami'ar Harvard. 

Binciken Cohen a cikin tsari da juyin halitta na taurari da taurari ya haɗa da haɓaka kayan aiki don mai lura da Keck da kuma jagorantar Caltech Faint Galaxy Redshift Survey,  tare da fiye da takardu 200 da aka buga. 

An kuma bayyana bincikenta a cikin sanannun manema labarai. Yin amfani da laser-guided adaptative optics a Keck observatory, ta nuna cewa da dama da ba za a iya tsammani tarurruka masu tsayi na taurari da ke kewaye da Andromeda Galaxy ba su da tarin gaske. Tare da Evan Kirby, ta yi nazarin tarin tauraron dan adam mai suna Triangulum II, wanda ke nuna cewa wannan tauraron yana da babban taro mai ban mamaki ga yawan taurari masu ganuwa, yana mai da shi tauraron dan takarar duhu.

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin mata a matsayi na jagoranci a kan ayyukan kayan aikin taurari

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Françoise Combes

Ayyukan bincikenta sun shafi samuwar galaxy da juyin halitta,a cikin mahallin sararin samaniya.Wannan aikin ya hada da: Galaxy knowchics,karkace da kange tsarin,da kuma ma'amala tsakanin taurarin da yawa da kuma ta hanyar siminti da yawa.  Bugu da ƙari,ta yi wallafe-wallafe da yawa akan matsakaicin matsakaicin taurari.Musamman,iskar kwayoyin halitta wanda ke haifar da sababbin taurari a cikin taurarin da ke kusa, irin su Andromeda,wanda kuma ana iya samuwa a cikin manyan tsarin ja.Ta buga sharhi da yawa waɗanda suka bambanta a cikin abubuwan da ta fi so. 

Françoise Combes shine marubucin labarai sama da dubu, adadin littattafai, kuma ya shiga ayyukan gama kai. Littafanta na Turanci sun haɗa da:

* *Hanyar Milky*(tare da James Lequeux), Kimiyyar EDP,2016,196p ()
* *Galaxies da Cosmology(Labaran Astronomy da Astrophysics)*(tare da Patrick Boissé)(mai fassara: M. Seymour),Springer,2nd Ed 2004, 468p()
* Babban Course na Ci gaba *na Cold Universe* Saas-Fee.juzu'i na 32. Ƙungiyar Swiss don Astrophysics da Astronomy(tare da Andrew W.Blain)(edita:Daniel Pfenniger), Springer,2004,()
* *Asirin Samuwar Galaxy*,Praxis, 2010, 224p()
* *La Voie Lactée*, 2013,(EdP-Sciences),F.Combes & J.Lequeux
* *Galaxies et Cosmologie(2009)*, (Ellipses),F. Combes, M. Haywood, S. Collin, F. Durret, B. Guiderdoni
* A. Aspect, R.Balian,￼￼G.Bastard￼￼, JP Bouchaud, B. Cabane, F. Combes,T. Encrenaz, S. Fauve, A. Fert,M. Fink,A.Georges, JF Joanny, D. Kaplan, D.Le Bihan,P. Léna, H.Le Treut,JP Poirier, ￼￼J.Prost￼￼ et JL Puget, *Demain la physique*,(Odile Yakubu, 2009)
* *Mystères de la formation des galaxies(2008)*,(Dunod),F.Combes
* *Galaxies et Cosmologie* (1991), (Inter-Sciences,CNRS),P. Boissé,A. Mazure et A.Blanchard
* *Galaxies da Cosmology*(1995), (Springer),P. Boissé, A.Mazure et A. Blanchard,(reédité en 2002)

## Manazarta
Muhammad S. Audu

**Muhammed Salihu Audu** wanda aka fi sani da **Muhammed S. Audu** masani ne ɗan Najeriya. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaba (Vice-chancellor) na shida a Jami’ar Fasaha ta Tarayya, Minna  daga shekarun 2007 zuwa 2012.   A halin yanzu shine mataimakin shugaban (Vice-chancellor) na jami'ar tarayya dake Lokoja.  

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Mohammed Salihu Audu ga Sule da Salamatu Atta Audu, wadanda ’yan asalin Ebira ne. Ya fara karatun firamare a makarantar firamare ta Katolika ta RCM da ke Okene da kuma St. William Primary School, Ilorin. Ya cigaba da karatunsa na sakandire a Community Secondary School Okene da Ansarul Islam dake Ilorin. Ya kammala karatunsa a Jami'ar Usman Danfodio Sokoto inda ya samu digiri (B.A) a tarihi, sannan ya ci gaba da karatun digirinsa na M.A. a fannin hulda da kasa da kasa a Jami'ar Bayero ta Kano sannan ya yi digirinsa na uku a Jami'ar Benue da ke Makurdi.

## Aiki
Mohammed Audu ya yi aiki a matsayin malami, mai bincike kuma ƙwararren ɗan takarar ci gaban al'umma ne. Farfesa ne a fannin Tarihi da Nazarin Duniya kuma a halin yanzu Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Tarayya ta Lokoja.

Ya wallafa mujallu na ilimi da litattafai da yawa musamman Yaki da Zaman Lafiya a Karni na 20 da Jama'ar Najeriya da Al'adu.

## Manazarta
Lyudmila Chernykh

Asteroid 2325 Chernykh,wanda masanin falaki dan kasar Czech Antonín Mrkos ya gano a shekarar 1979,an saka sunan ta a cikin girmamawar mijinta. MPC ta buga ambaton sunan hukuma akan 1 Yuni 1981 (  ). 

## Manazarta
Agnes Mary Clerke

Bayan dawowarta, ta sami damar samun labarai guda biyu, "Brigandage in Sicily"da "Copernicus a Italiya", wanda aka rubuta yayin da take Italiya, wanda aka buga a *Edinburgh Review* na Oktoba 1877. Wannan ya haifar da tambayar ta Adam da Charles Black, mawallafa na *Review*, wanda kuma ya buga *Encyclopædia Britannica*, don rubuta tarihin wasu sanannun masana kimiyya don bugu na tara na encyclopedia.  

## Manazarta
Adebisi Balogun

**Adebisi Mojeed Balogun** (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Agusta 1952) masanin ilimin kimiyyar noma ne na Najeriya, malami, masanin abinci mai gina jiki, malami kuma farfesa a fannin abinci mai gina jiki, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban (Vice-chancellor) a jami’ar Fasaha ta Tarayya ta Akure daga watan Janairu 2007 zuwa Janairu 2012. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Adebisi Balogun a ranar 2 ga watan Agustan 1952 a garin Ile Ife, a lokacin yankin Kudu, a Najeriya, ɗa ga Adetunji Saka da Modelola Balogun (née . Afilaka). Ya halarci Jami'ar Ibadan inda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar aikin gona a shekarar 1976, kuma ya yi digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyya a shekara ta 1978 da kuma likitan falsafa a shekara ta 1982.

## Sana'a
Bayan ya sami digirin digirgir a shekarar 1982, ya zama jami'in bincike, Cibiyar Nazarin Ruwa da Ruwa ta Najeriya, Legas, Najeriya daga shekarun 1982 zuwa 1983, ya zama malami a Jami'ar Ibadan daga shekarun 1983 zuwa 1988, ya koma Jami'ar Tarayya. ta Technology Akure a shekara ta 1988. Ya zama farfesa a shekarar 1994, ya kasance shugaban Makarantar Noma da Fasahar Noma, FUTA daga shekarun 1997 zuwa 2001.  Ya kasance memba a majalisar dattijai ta FUTA daga shekarun 1988 zuwa 2012, memba na majalisar gudanarwa daga shekarun 1993, shugaban kwamitin bincike, makarantar noma da fasahar noma, shugaban kwamitin tsaftar muhalli, shugaban wasanni, shugaban kwamitin bikin da Vice-chancellor  daga shekarun 2007 zuwa 2012. 

## Manazarta
Lynn Cominsky

**Cominsky** ta shiga jami'ar jihar Sonoma a shekarar 1986,inda a yanzu ta zama farfesa a fannin kimiyyar lissafi da falaki. Ta kasance shugabar sashen kimiyyar lissafi da ilmin taurari daga 2004 zuwa 2019;A takaice ta kuma shugabanci sashen ilmin sinadarai daga Agusta 2005 zuwa Janairu 2007.A cikin 1992, Cominsky ya fara haɗin gwiwa tare da masana kimiyya(ciki har da Elliott Bloom) a Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC),wanda ya kai ga shigar ta kai tsaye a cikin Telescope Fermi Gamma-ray (FGST, kuma FGRST),wanda a da ake kira Gamma-aikin ray Babban Area Telescope (GLAST). 

## Manazarta
Faransa A. Cordova

## Sana'a

**Cordova** Ta yi aiki a Space Astronomy and Astrophysics Group a Los Alamos National Laboratory daga 1979 zuwa 1989,inda ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar rukuni. Ta shugabanci Sashen Nazarin Astronomy da Astrophysics a Jami'ar Jihar Pennsylvania daga 1989 zuwa 1993.A cikin 1993,Cordova ya zama Babban Masanin Kimiyya na NASA.

Daga nan Cordova ta tafi Jami'ar California,Santa Barbara inda ta kasance mataimakiyar shugabar bincike kuma Farfesa a fannin Physics.A cikin 2002 an nada ta Chancellor na Jami'ar California, Riverside,inda ta kasance Babban Farfesa na Physics da Astronomy.Córdova ya jagoranci matakan farko don kafa Makarantar Magunguna ta UC Riverside.  

## Manazarta
Heather Couper

Daga 1977 zuwa 1983,Couper ya kasance Babban Malami a Caird Planetarium na Old Royal Observatory a Greenwich (wanda Peter Harrison Planetarium ya maye gurbinsa a 2007),ya bar zama marubuci mai zaman kansa kuma mai watsa shirye-shirye.A shekarar 1984, an zabe ta shugabar kungiyar falaki ta Burtaniya,mace ta farko kuma mace ta biyu mafi karancin shekaru da ta rike mukamin.Couper ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru(yanzu Society for Popular Astronomy)a cikin 1987-9. The London Planetarium ya gayyaci Couper ya rubuta da gabatar da babban sabon nunin jama'a na 1988,*Starburst!*  

## Manazarta
Janine Connes

## Bincike
Aikin Connes da farko shine nazartar fasahar infrared spectroscopy Na Fourier, filin da ta fara karatu a 1954.Rubuce-rubucenta da wallafe-wallafen da suka biyo baya sun ba da zurfafa nazarin cikakkun bayanai masu amfani da suka wajaba don amfani da shi,tare da ƙididdige rubutunta don kafa yawancin ƙa'idodin ƙira na farko. Tare da mijinta Pierre Connes ta yi hoton Venus da Mars a *Observatoire du Pic du Midi de Bigorre* ta amfani da hanyar,ta gabatar da hotuna mafi kyau fiye da sauran da aka ɗauka a lokacin. Connes ya gano fa'idar rajista ta amfani da interferometry. 

## Manazarta
Athena Coustenis

Coustenis ya kasance tsohon shugaban ESA's Human Spaceflight da Exploration Science Advisory Committee(HESAC),  shugaban IUGG International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences(IAMAS: 2011-2015)da na ESA Solar System da Exploration.Ƙungiyar Aiki (2010-2014).Ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Turai ta Cibiyar Kimiyyar Sararin Samaniya ta Turai (ESF-ESSC)daga 2014 har zuwa 2020,a matsayin Shugabar Sashen EGU na Kimiyyar Duniya kuma a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Kungiyar EUROPLANET.

## Bincike
Coustenis yana amfani da wuraren kallo na ƙasa da sararin samaniya don nazarin jikin tsarin hasken rana tare da girmamawa akan tauraron dan adam na manyan taurari Saturn da Jupiter da exoplanets.Ta mai da hankali kan abubuwan da suka shafi taurari da kuma neman duniyoyin da za a iya rayuwa a cikin Tsarin Rana da kuma bayan haka. Binciken da ta yi a cikin kwatankwacin taurari na amfani da nazarin sauyin yanayi don kara fahimtar juyin halitta na dogon lokaci a duniyarmu.Ta kasance mai bincike na uku daga cikin kayan aikin da ke cikin aikin *Cassini/Huygens* CIRS,HASI, DISR.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan ta kasance tana jagorantar yunƙurin ayyana da zabar ayyukan sararin samaniya na gaba da Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Turai da abokanta na duniya za su yi.Ita ce Co-Binciken Kimiyya a cikin ayyuka na gaba kamar JUICE zuwa Tsarin Jovian da ARIEL don nazarin nazarin sararin samaniya.

## Manazarta
Braille

**Braille** na'urar rubutu ce da masu lalurar rashin gani suke amfani da ita domin karatu

Braille ya samo suna ne daga wanda ya kirkiro shi dan faransa ne wanda ya rasa idon shi sanadiyyar hadari a cikin shekara ta 1824 yana dan shekara 15 daga baya ya habbaka shi ya zuwa har da waka ana iya koyo.

Ana yin haruffan ne ta amfani da haɗin ɗigo ɗigo shida da aka tsara a cikin 3 × 2 matrix, wanda ake kira cell braille. Lamba da tsarin waɗannan ɗigogi suna bambanta wannan hali daga wani. Tun da haruffan maƙallan maƙalaƙi dabam-dabam sun samo asali ne azaman lambobin kwafin rubutu don bugu, taswirorin (saitin zayyana halaye) sun bambanta daga harshe zuwa harshe, har ma cikin ɗaya; a cikin harshen Turanci akwai matakan makafi guda 3: Ƙwaƙwalwar da ba ta da kwangila – rubutaccen wasiƙa da aka yi amfani da shi don karatun asali; kwangilar makala – ƙari na raguwa da raguwa da aka yi amfani da su azaman hanyar ceton sararin samaniya; da daraja 3 – daban-daban marasa daidaito na sirri stenography wanda aka kasa amfani da shi.

## Tarihi
Braille ya dogara ne akan lambar taɓo, wanda yanzu aka sani da rubutun dare, wanda Charles Barbier ya haɓaka . (Sunan "rubutun dare" an ba shi daga baya lokacin da aka yi la'akari da shi a matsayin hanyar da za a yi wa sojoji don sadarwa a cikin shiru da dare ba tare da haske ba, amma rubutun Barbier ba sa amfani da wannan kalma kuma ya nuna cewa an tsara shi a matsayin mai sauƙi. nau'i na rubuce-rubuce da na nakasassu.) A cikin tsarin Barbier, an yi amfani da saitin ɗigo 12 da aka ɓoye don ɓoye sautuna 36 daban-daban. Braille ya gano manyan lahani guda uku na lambar: na farko, alamomin suna wakiltar sautunan sauti ba haruffan haruffa ba. – don haka lambar ta kasa yin rubutun kalmomin. Na biyu, alamomin dige-dige 12 ba za su iya shiga cikin sauƙi a ƙarƙashin kushin karatun ba. Wannan yana buƙatar yatsan karatu ya motsa don gane gaba ɗaya alamar, wanda ya rage saurin karatun. (Wannan saboda tsarin Barbier ya dogara ne kawai akan adadin dige-dige a cikin kowane ginshiƙan dige 6 guda biyu amma ba tsarin dige-dige ba.) Na uku, lambar ba ta ƙunshi alamomin lambobi ko alamar rubutu ba. Maganin Braille shine yin amfani da ƙwayoyin dige-dige 6 da sanya takamaiman tsari ga kowane harafin haruffa. Har ila yau, Braille ya haɓaka alamomi don wakiltar lambobi da alamomi.

## Manazarta
Claire Huchet Bishop

**Claire Huchet Bishop** an haife ta 30 Disamba shekara ta 1898 ta mutu 13 Maris 1993, marubuciya ce ta yaran Switzerland kuma ma'aikacin laburare.Ta rubuta biyun Newbery Medal -up, *Pancakes-Paris* (1947) da *All Alone* (1953),kuma ta ci lambar yabo ta Josette Frank na *Ashirin da Goma* (1952).Littafin yara na Turanci na farko ya zama na al'ada:*<nowiki/>'Yan'uwan Sinawa biyar*,wanda Kurt Wiese ya kwatanta kuma aka buga a 1938,an sanya shi cikin jerin lambar yabo ta Lewis Carroll Shelf a 1959.

## Rayuwa
Claire Huchet an haife shi a Geneva,Switzerland kuma ta girma a Faransa ko Geneva.Ta halarci Sorbonne kuma ta fara ɗakin karatu na yara na farko a Faransa.Bayan ta auri ɗan wasan pianist na Amurka Frank Bishop,ta ƙaura zuwa Amurka,ta yi aiki a ɗakin karatu na Jama'a na New York daga 1932 – 36,kuma ta kasance mai ba da uzuri ga Roman Katolika kuma ɗan adawa na kyamar baki . . 

Ta kasance malami kuma mai ba da labari a duk faɗin Amurka kuma ta kasance editan littafin yara na *Commonweal* na ɗan lokaci. 

Bishop ya kasance shugaban Majalisar kasa da kasa na Kirista da Yahudawa daga 1975 – 77 da kuma hadin gwiwar Yahudawa-Kirista na Faransa daga 1976-81.

Biyu daga cikin littattafanta an yi su ne a matsayin fina-finai.

Bayan ya zauna a New York na shekaru 50,Bishop ya koma Faransa kuma ya mutu a Paris a 1993.Ta rasu tana da shekaru 94 a duniya,kuma ta rasu sakamakon zubar jini da ya yi mata a cikin aorta.

## Manazarta
Mahmood shahat

**Mahmoud Ash-Shahat Anwar** Sheikh Mahmoud Ash-Shahat (Larabci: شيخ محمود الشهات; an haife shi a Mit Ghamr, Ad-Daqahliyah, Masar, a ranar 10 ga watan Satumba a shekarar 1984; yana da shekara 39, Qari ne kuma Hafiz daga Masar wanda ya shahara a matsayin makarancin Al-Qur'ani mai girma a cikin gida da waje.

## Asali da Aiki

An haifi Mahmoud Ash-Shahat bin Muhammad Anwar da fitaccen malaminsa, Sheikh Mahmoud Ash-Shahat a ranar 10 ga Satumba, 1984 a ƙauyen Kafr Al-Wazir da ke Mit Ghamr a lardin Ad-Daqahliyah.  Mahaifinsa Sheikh Ash-Shahat Anwar ya haddace kur'ani yana da shekaru 12 a duniya, kuma ya samu matsayi na daya a gasar kasa da kasa da aka gudanar a kasar Masar.

## Manazarta
Clara Breed

**Clara Estelle Breed** (Maris 19, 1906 &#x2013; Satumba 8,1994) ma'aikaciyar dakin karatu ce Ba'amurke da aka tuna da ita musamman saboda goyon bayanta ga yaran Amurkawa Jafanawa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu .Bayan harin da aka kai kan Pearl Harbor a ranar 7 ga Disamba,1941, yawancin mazauna California waɗanda 'yan asalin Japan ne aka ƙaura zuwa sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira na Amurka na Japan inda suka zauna har zuwa ƙarshen yaƙin. Breed ya ci gaba da tattaunawa da yawancin yaran da aka tura sansanonin,yana aika kayan karatu da ziyartar su akai-akai.

Ta yi aiki da tsarin Laburaren Jama'a na San Diego fiye da shekaru 40,ciki har da shekaru 25 a matsayin ma'aikacin ɗakin karatu na birni.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Clara Breed a Fort Dodge,Iowa,a cikin 1906.Iyayenta su ne Estelle Marie Potter da Reuben Leonard Breed,wani minista na ikilisiya. Iyalin sun zauna a New York da Illinois,kafin su koma San Diego a 1920 bayan mutuwar Reuben Breed.Ta kammala karatun digiri na 1923 a Makarantar Sakandare ta San Diego kuma ta kammala karatun digiri na 1927 a Kwalejin Pomona,Breed ta sami digiri na biyu a kimiyyar laburare daga Jami'ar Western Reserve.

## Sana'a
A cikin 1928 Breed ya fara aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin laburare na yara a ɗakin karatu na reshen Gabashin San Diego.A cikin 1945 an nada ta a matsayin mai kula da ɗakin karatu na birni.A shekara mai zuwa,an nada ta ma’aikaciyar laburare ta birnin San Diego,matsayin da ta rike na tsawon shekaru 25.A lokacin da take aiki a matsayin mai kula da laburare na birni,tsarin ɗakin karatu ya faɗaɗa tare da ƙirƙirar sabon babban ɗakin karatu a 1955,da ƙarin ɗakunan karatu na reshe da yawa.Ta kafa Tsarin Laburare na Haɗin gwiwar Serra wanda ya haɓaka ingantaccen lamuni tsakanin ɗakin karatu . A baya can,ma'abota ɗakin karatu kawai za su iya duba littattafai daga hukumar (birni, gunduma, da sauransu)waɗanda suke. Tare da ƙirƙirar tsarin ɗakin karatu na haɗin gwiwa,majiɓintan za su iya aron littattafai daga ɗakunan karatu a ko'ina cikin yankunan San Diego da Imperial.Ita ce kuma ta jagoranci gina ginin tsakiyar ɗakin karatu na San Diego a cikin 1950s.A cikin 1983 ta rubuta tarihin shekaru ɗari na tsarin ɗakin karatu na San Diego,*Juya Shafuka:Tarihin Laburaren Jama'a na San Diego,1882 &#x2013; 1982* .
Simeon Bamire

**Adebayo Simeon Bamire** (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Janairu shekarata alif 1959) malami ne ɗan Najeriya kuma farfesa a fannin tattalin arzikin noma wanda shine babban mataimakin shugaban (Vice-chancellor)   na Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo, Ile-Ife, tun a shekarar 2022.       A baya ya taɓa zama mataimakin (Vice-chancellor) shugaban jami'ar.  

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Bamire ɗan Oyan ne a ƙaramar hukumar Odo-Otin a jihar Osun a Najeriya. Ya fara karatunsa ne a Datus Preparatory School, Accra, Ghana, sannan ya koma St. Charles' Grammar School, Osogbo domin makarantar sakandare a tsakanin shekarun 1972 - 1976. Ya samu gurbin shiga Jami’ar Ife (wato Jami’ar Obafemi Awolowo, Ile-Ife) a lokacin inda ya karanta fannin tattalin arzikin noma a tsangayar aikin gona inda ya kammala digiri na ɗaya da na biyu da na uku; Bachelor of Agriculture a shekara ta 1985, M.Phil.  a shekara ta 1992, da kuma PhD a shekara ta 1999 bi da bi. 

## Aikin ilimi
Bamire ya fara aikinsa na ilimi a Sashen Nazarin Tattalin Arzikin Noma a matsayin Mataimakin Malami a shekara ta 1992 kuma ya zama Farfesa a shekarar 2008. Ya kasance masani mai ziyara a Cibiyar Noma ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa  (IITA), Ibadan; Mataimakin Dean, Faculty of Agriculture, Obafemi Awolowo University a cikin shekarun 2007/2008 da 2008/2009 ilimi zaman; Shugaban Sashen Nazarin Tattalin Arziki na Aikin Gona na 2010/2011 na zaman karatu kuma tsohon shugaban tsangayar aikin gona na Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo, Ile-Ife. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugaban tsakanin 1 ga watan Agusta 2013 da 31 Yuli 2015. 

Bamire memba ne na kungiyar masana tattalin arzikin noma ta Najeriya (NAAE) da Leadership for Environment & Development (LEAD). Har ila yau, mamba ne na shirin Drought Tolerant Maize for Africa Project and Agribenchmark dake nan Jamus. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Bamire ya auri Felicia Bosede Bamire kuma suna da yara huɗu.

## Manazarta