open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Cutar hanta A

**Cutar hanta** (wadda a da aka fi sani da **cutar hanta mai yaɗuwa**) wata matsananciyar cuta mai yaɗuwa da ke shafar hanta wadda ƙwayar cutar *hepatitis* *A* ke haifarwa *(HAV)*. Yawancin matsalolinta na da ƙarancin bayyana musamman ga ƙananan yara. Lokacin tsakanin kamuwa da kuma bayyana, ga waɗanda suka kamu, na tsakanin mako biyu da mako shida. Idan akwai alamu, yawan cin su kan ɗauki tsawon mako takwas kuma za su iya haɗawa da tashin zuciya, amai, gudawa, fata ta koma launin ɗorawa, zazzaɓi, da ciwon ciki. Kimanin kaso 10–15% na jama'a na haɗuwa da maimaituwar bayyanar alamu a cikin tsawon watanni shida bayan kamuwar farko. Matsanancin hali na gazawar hanta kan afku musamman ga tsofaffi.

Yawan cin wannan cuta na yaɗuwa ta hanayar cin abinci ko abin sha wanda ya gurɓata da bayan garin da ya harbu. Tafasashshen Kifi wanda bai dahu sosai ba shi ne tushen da aka fi sani. Kuma za'a iya yaɗata ta hanyar cuɗanya ta kusa-da-kusa da mutumin da ya kamu. A yayin da alamomin cutar wasu lokuta ba sa bayyana ga yara ƙanana, za su iya harbar wasu. Bayan kamuwa sau guda, mutum ya sami kariya iya tsawon rayuwarsa. Yin magani na bukatar gwajin jini saboda alamomin cutar sun yi kama da sauran wasu cutuka. Tana daga cikin ƙwayoyin hepatitis: A, B, C, D, and E.

Allurar hepatitis A ta fi inganci wajen kariya. Wasu ƙasashe na bayar da shawarar yinta ga ƙananan yara da kuma waɗanda suka fi shiga cikin haɗarin kamuwa da ita waɗanda ba'a yi masu riga-kafi ba a baya. Ta na da matuƙar amfani ga rayuwa. Wasu hanyoyin kariya sun haɗa da wanke hannu da kuma dafa abinci sosai. Babu takamaiman jiyya, tare da sauran domin maganin tashin zuciya ko gudawa da aka bayar da shawara domin sha dangane da bukata. Ana iya maganin kamuwa gaba ɗaya kuma ba tare da ci gaban cutar hanta ba. Jiyyar matsananciyar cutar zuciya, idan ta afku, sai dai ta hanayar dashen zuciya.

A duniya gaba ɗaya kimanin mutane miliyan 1.5 cutar ke kamawa a kowace shekara Ta fi samuwa a ɓangarorin duniya marasa tsafta da kuma rashin ruwan sha mai tsafta. A ƙasashe masu tasowa kimanin kaso 90% na yara ne su ka kamu daga shekara 10 kuma saboda haka su kan sami kariya lokacin da suka girma. A kan sami ɓarkewarta wasu lokuta a ƙasashe masu tasowa inda yara ba su da kariya lokacin da su ke tasowa kuma babu isasshen riga-kafi. A shekara ta 2010, mummunar cutar hanta ta yi sanadin mutuwar mutane 102,000. Ranar Cutar Hanta ta Duniya a kowace shekara a ranar 28 ga watan Yuli na zama ranar cutar hanta domin wayar da kan jama'a dangane da mummunar cutar ta hanta.

## Manazarta
Rashin abinci mai gina jiki

**Rashin [[Nutrients|Abinci]] mai gina jiki wani nau'i ne na raguwar albarkatu kuma yana nufin asarar abubuwan gina jiki da [[Micronutrient|micronutrients]] a cikin mazaunin ko sassa na biosphere, galibi [[Ƙasa (shinfidar ƙasa)|ƙasa]] ([[Soil depletion|Rashin ƙasa]], lalacewar ƙasa).  A matakin cikakken [[Ecological niche|Yanayin muhalli]] ko tsarin halittu, raguwar abinci mai gina jiki na iya faruwa ta hanyar asarar kayan abinci mai gina ciki (asarar ƙasa, asarar wuri mai laushi, da dai sauransu). Abinci yawanci shine hanyar farko a cikin jerin abinci, don haka asarar abubuwan gina jiki a cikin mazaunin zai shafi sake zagayowar abubuwan gina jiki kuma a ƙarshe duk jerin abinci. [[Nutrients|Abinci]] mai gina jiki** wani nau'i ne na raguwar albarkatu kuma yana nufin asarar abubuwan gina jiki da micronutrients a cikin mazaunin ko sassa na biosphere, galibi ƙasa (Rashin ƙasa, lalacewar ƙasa).  A matakin cikakken Yanayin muhalli ko tsarin halittu, raguwar abinci mai gina jiki na iya faruwa ta hanyar asarar kayan abinci mai gina ciki (asarar ƙasa, asarar wuri mai laushi, da dai sauransu). Abinci yawanci shine hanyar farko a cikin jerin abinci, don haka asarar abubuwan gina jiki a cikin mazaunin zai shafi sake zagayowar abubuwan gina jiki kuma a ƙarshe duk jerin abinci. abinci mai gina jiki na iya nufin sauye-sauye a cikin abubuwan gina jiki na dangi da kuma yawan abinci mai gina ciki gaba ɗaya (watau yawan abinci). Ayyukan ɗan adam sun canza duka a cikin yanayin halitta sosai, yawanci kuma tare da mummunar tasiri ga tsire-tsire da dabbobi.

Sakamakon da ya saɓa an san shi da eutrophication ko gurɓataccen abinci. Dukkanin raguwa da eutrophication suna haifar da sauye-sauye a cikin bambancin halittu da yawan jinsuna (yawanci raguwa).  Sakamakon suna da ma'ana biyu a cikin cewa canji a cikin nau'in jinsuna a cikin mazaunin na iya haifar da canji a ciki.

## Manazarta
Kunan Tsamiya

**Kunun tsamiya** yana daya daga cikin kalar kununuwan da hausa keyi domin samun abinci kuma shi wannan kunu Hausa ke yinsa mafi yawanci kamar yadda yake dama yana daya daga cikin abincin Hausawa.

## Abubuwanda Ake yinsa
Anayin kunun tsamiya da Gero wato millet a turance .idan kasami Gero ka jigashi kimanin awa sha hudu ko sama da hakan sai ka tsamesa daga cikin ruwan ka markade.Bayan ka markade sai ka tace sannan kasa ruwan zafi kusa dakai kana bukatar tsamiya a gefe.saika dauko ruwan ka zuba cikin kullun geron tare da tsamiya karika juyawa har saiya koma kunun tsamiyar

## Manazarta
Tarihin Sharahbil Muhammad Sani

An haifi Sharahbil Muhammad Sani a garin Makera da ke karamar hukumar Mulki ta Birnin Kebbi, ya yi karatunsa a garin Birnin Kebbi ya kuma ci gaba da harkar rubuce-rubuce domin fadakar wa da tunatar da al'umma.Sharahbil mutun ne mai hakuri da juriya da tausayawa al'ummarsa. Ya yi rubuce-rubuce kala daban-daban daga ciki akwai littafan da ya rubuta kamar: ...Mabudin Wahala, Kashedinku Mashaya!!!, Addu'a daga Alkur'ani da Hadisi Hausa da kuma Turanci, Addu'a don masu karatu da Jarabawa (Hausa da turanci) Mizani na Asali kan kimiyyar kwamfuta don makarantun sakandare da jami'o'i a cikin harshen Hausa. A bangaren littafan soyayya kuma, Sharahbil Muhammad Sani ya bada gudummawarsa ga masoya, inda ya rubuta littafi mai suna Lafazin Soyayyah da Maganganun Hikima kan so. ya kuma rubuta littafai don nishadi kamar ... Talaka dariyar Mai Ragg, Littafin karin magana mai suna KARIN MAGANA 200 da hausawa ke amfani da su. Sharahbil ya bada gudummawa sosai wajen taimakawa matasa a ya kuma kirkiro wata ƙungiyar marubuta mai suna Pen Writers Association, ya kirkiri kungiyoyi da dama don taimakawa al'umma. Muna fatar Allah Ya taimake mu ya kuma kare mana shi Ya albarkaci rayuwar shi da kuma ta iyalinsa da yan uwansa da masoyansa gabaki daya amin.

## Manazarta
Barkono

**Barkono tsirrai ne acikin [[kayan lambu]] ko kayan Gwari** yana cikin kayan haɗi na abinci da ake amfani da shi na yau da kullum. 

## Asalin kalmar

Barkono kalmace wadda ake amfani da ita domin Sarrafa harshe da kuma iya amfani dashi kan ita kalmar ta rabu gidaje da dama. Kamarsu:
* Suna da
* siffatau

## Sashen suna
Barkono sunane wanda ake amfani dashi ga wani kalar tsiro na kayan gona da lambu yanada kyawon fitowa musamman a kan kyakkyawar kasa irinsu Jigawa da kuma jangargari.

Ana noma shi mafiyawanci don samun kudi kasancewarsa mai amfani wurin dadin dandanon abinci yana da tururi da zafi idan ka ci shi da yawa a abinci ko kuma ba hadin sirki  amma yana da dadin dandano da gyara abincin alfarma.

## Siffatau
Ana amfani da barkono a cikin misalai dake iya zuwa a cikin jimla domin siffanta wani abu mai ban al'ajabi da kuma rashin tabbas na dabi'u domin a nuna zarra ko kuma kwazo misali.

*Yanada zafi kamar **barkono**
Shi kamar **barkono** yake a ido
*Banbanci tsakanin wuta da *'barkono* kana kuma yana zuwa a cikin sigar karin magana misali
*Barkono a shaka da dadi amma a jika da kukan tausai.
Larabci

**Harshen Larabci**, shine harshen da mutane Larabawa ke magana  da shi. Da Arabic *ko,*

kuma muce *larabci* a harshen Hausa, yare ne wanda ya fito daga iyalin yarurruka na AfroAsiya; Kuma yare ne wanda ake amfani da shi a yankin gabas ta tsakiya da kuma wasu sassa na kudancin da gabashin nahiyar Afrika dama wasu ɓangarori na nahiyar Turai.
 
Yawan mutanen da suke amfani da harshen larabci ya kai Miliyan Dari Biyu Da Chasa'in (290m).

## Harshen Larabci:
## Muhimmancin Larabci a wurin Musulmai:

Akasarin musulmai masu wani harshe daban suna amfani da harshen larabci sabo da shi ne harshen da ya zama na addinin musulunci. Da harshen larabci ne aka saukar da Alkur'ani me girma, sannan kuma da harshen larabci ne aka rubuta manya-manyan litattafai na Addinin  musulunci.
 
Bayan Litattafan Addinin musulunci kuma, akwai ɗimbin litattafai da aka rubuta su a cikin harshen na larabci.

**Ƙasashen da ake amfani da harshen larabci a matsayin harshen ƙasa.** 

*Masar.
*Aljeriya.
*Sudan.
*Iraki.
*Maroko.
*Saudiyya.
*Yemen.
*Siriya.
*Tunisiya.
*Somaliya.
*￼￼Jodan.￼￼
*Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa.￼￼
*Libya.
*Falasdinu.
*￼￼Lebanon￼￼.
*Oman.
*Kuwait.
*Muritaniya.
*Qatar.
*Baharain.
*￼￼Jibuti￼￼.
*Komoros.

## Manazarta.
Noma

Noma Hausawa na masa kirari "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki, noma tushen arziki, kowa ya zo duniya kai ya taras"

*Menene Noma?

**Noma** yana da kuma ma'anoni da dama kasancewar irin a
Haka zalika, noma wata babbar hanya ce ta samun karuwar tattalin arziki da al'ummai suka raja'a a kan ta. 
A kasar Hausa ko kuwa, noma shi ne babbar hanya ta samun haɓakar tattalin arziki. Da noma ne Hausawa suka fi samun kudin shiga da abinci da ma kayayyakin da ake sarrafawa a masana'anta kamar tufafi da sauransu.
A wajen Hausawa musamman mazauna karkara noma ya zama kamar wajibi (dole) a wajen Kuma kowanne Bahaushe, musamman ma magidanci.  

Kusan mu ce ma kowanne Bahaushe ya iya noma, ya kuma san yadda ake yin shi. Noma da Kiwo duk suna nufin abu daya ne a ma'anar da ilimin zamani ya samar. 

## YARDA AKE NOMA.

Kafin bayani game da yadda ake noma za mu dan tattauna ne a game da rabe-raben noma.
Noma ya rabu zuwa gida biyu, kuma kowanne da irin yadda ake yin sa.
*noman rani
*noman damina.

## NOMAN RANI.

Noman rani, noma ne da ake yin shi a lokacin rani ba da damina ba.

*ga yarda ake noman rani.

Shi noman rani ana yin sa ne a wuraren da ruwa yake wadatacce kamar rafi , korama , da madatsun ruwa wato (dam). 
Da zarar ruwan sama ya dauke wato kaka ta yi, manoman rani za su fara ne da share gonakinsu, daga nan kuma sai su yi kaftu, su ja kwamame, sai su shuka abin da za su shuka a cikin kwamame. Suna yin amfani da injinan ban ruwa wajen bai wa shukokinsu ruwa, har su girma, su isa girbi.

Akasarin abubuwan da ake nomawa a noman rani ana shuka su ne saboda sayarwa domin samun kudin shiga.

Ga irin abubuwan da ake nomawa da rani.
*kubewa.
*albasa.
*yalo.
*tumatur.
*Karas.
*tattasai.
*Rogomasara.
*karas.
*dankali.
*salak.
*lansir.
*Wake
*alaiyahu.
*rake.
*Waken suya
*Dawa 
*
*
da dai sauran su.
To, amma kuma ya danganta da yanayi na yadda kasa za ta iya daukar abinda aka shuka a kan ta. Misali idan aka shuka wani abun a wani yankin ba lallai ya yi ba kamar yadda zai yi a wani yankin.

## NOMAN DAMINA.

Sabanin noman rani, shi noman damina ana yin sa ne a lokacin damina.

*ga yadda ake yin noman damina.

Da zarar an samu ruwan sama wato (damina ta fadi), manoma za su bazama gonakinsu domin yin huda da shuka.
Akasari an fi shuka kayan abinci a wajen noman damina, to, amma akan shuka kayan sayarwa jefi-jefi.

## ABUBUWAN DA AKE NOMAWA DA DAMINA.

Na abinci akwai.
*gero
*masara
*dawa
*shinkafa
*maiwa
da sauran su.

Na sayarwa
*dankali
*wake
*gyada
*auduga
*ridi
da sauran su.
## Manazarta.
Valparaiso

**Valparaiso** birni ne, da ke a yankin Valparaiso, a ƙasar Chile. Shi ne babban birnin yankin Valparaiso. Bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a a shekarar 2012, Valparaiso tana da yawan jama'a 294 848. An gina birnin Valparaiso a shekara ta 1544.
## Hotuna

File:Iglesia_Matriz_de_Valparaiso_1822.jpg|La Matriz Church, 1822
File:Plaza_Sotomayor,_1940.jpg
File:Escuela_de_Derecho_de_la_Universidad_de_Valpara%C3%ADso.jpg|Jami'ar Shari'a 
File:Ascensor_Artiller%C3%ADa.jpg
File:Cruzeros_en_Puerto.jpg
 

## Manazarta
Imelda Marcos

**Imelda Marcos** (an haife ta a watan Yuli 2, 1929) itace matar tsohon shugaban kasar Philippine Ferdinand Marcos. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Uwargida na Filipin daga 1965 zuwa 1986.

## Anazarci
Kuros na kasar Kwango

**Kuros na kasar Kwango** (na kikongo : **nkangi kiditu**) abun addini ne; shi da aka yi da Kiristoci a Angola kuma a Kwango, daga karni na sha shida har karni na sha tara.
 

## Manazarta
Gwanki

**Gwanki**, Wani kauye ne dake Arewa Maso Yammacin jahar Kano. Garin na Gwanki yana a Ƙaramar Hukumar Bagwai ta jahar Kano, wanda ke ƙarƙashin dagacin garin Gogori. **Gwanki** ta rabu har zuwa masu unguwanni uku. Unguwa ta farko ita ce **Gwanki Babba**, ta biyu **Gwankin katoge**, sai kuma kashi na uku wato **Gwankin Dan Kwari** sannan a 
karkashin kowacce Gwanki  akwai wasu kamar Gwanki babba akwai Gwankin makera da Kuma Gwankin unguwar Dole 
da unguwar kwal
sai Gwankin katoge a karkashinta

akwai Gwanki yaro  akwai gwankin kufai, sai gwankin dankwari a 
karkashin

ta akwai gwankin baban Mero dakuma wani yanki a cikin garin umbawa  Wanda ƙarƙashin Gwanki Dan kwari yake wato**. Ƙauyen**
Gwanki na da al'umma masu yawa kuma masu son zaman lafiya da juna.

## Yanayi a kauyen Gwanki

Kamar ko'ina a Arewacin jihar Kano, kauyen **Gwanki** na da yanayi mai kyau na noma da kiwo, hakan ne ma ya sa ga baki dayan mutanen garin ba su da sana'a da tafi noma da kiwo.

## Yanayin muhalli

Yanayin *geographical co'ordination* na kauyen Gwanki kamar haka, latitude, 11:35degreeN, da kuma Yanayin longtitude na 8,0333degreeE.

### Kauyukan da suka zagaye kauyen Gwanki

*Gogori
*Kodon Hayi
*Kodon Kandas
*Sare-sare
*Umbawa
*Dan Isa
*Walawa
*Rigar Are
*Yakanawa

## [[Yare]] da [[addini]]

Al'ummar ƙauyen **Gwanki** Hausawa ne da Fulani, kuma addinin su shi ne musulunci. Kamar dai sauran garuruwan Jihar Kano.

## Manazarta
Adekunle Gold

**Adekunle Kosoko** ko **Adekunle Gold** yakasance mawakin Nijeriya ne. An haife shi a shekara ta 1987 a birnin Lagos.
Funmi Aragbaye

**Funmi Aragbaye** (an haife ta ranar 5 ga watan Yuli, 1954) a birnin Ondo, dake ƙasar Nijeriya. mawakiyar Nijeriya ce.  

## Manazarta
Bola Are

**Bola Are** (An haife ta ranar 1 ga watan Oktoba, 1954) a karamar hukumar Ekiti ta Yamma dake jihar Ekiti. mawakiyar Nijeriya ce.  

## Manazarta
Ayinde Barrister

**Sikiru Ololade Ayinde Balogun**, MFR, ko **Ayinde Barrister** (9 Febrairu 1948 - 16 Disamba 2010) mawakin Nijeriya ne.
 

## Manazarta
Charly Boy

**Charles Chukwuemeka Oputa** ko **Charly Boy**  (Charlie Boy, CB, His Royal Punkness, Area Fada) (19 Yuni 1951 - ) mawakin Nijeriya ne.

 

## Manazarta
Christy Uduak Essien-Igbokwe

**Christy Uduak Essien-Igbokwe MFR** (11 Nuwamba 1960 – 30 Yuni 2011) mawakiyar Nijeriya ce.

## Manazarta
Murasaki Shikibu

**Murasaki Shikibu** (紫式部) An haife shi a birnin Heian-kyo, Kyoto, shi ne ɗan japanese marbucin da mawãƙi. Wanda ya wallafa littatafai da dama.
Ta fi sani aiki domin littafin Genji monogatari.
Gbenga Adeboye

**Elijah Oluwagbemiga Adeboye** ko **Gbenga Adeboye** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1959 - ya mutu a watan Afirilu a shekara ta 2003) mawakin Nijeriya ne.
 

## Manazarta
Keziah Jones

**Olufemi Sanyaolu** ko **Keziah Jones** (an haife shi ran goma ga Janairu, a shekara ta 1968 - ) mawakin Nijeriya ne.
## Hotuna

File:Keziah_Jones-IMG_5257.jpg
File:Keziah_Jones_-_Unplugged_Strasbourg_Sep_08_-_4.jpg
File:Keziah_Jones_-_Unplugged_Strasbourg_Sep_08_-_8.jpg


## Manazarta
Kokoro (mawaki)

**Benjamin ‘Kokoro’ Aderounmu** (an haife shi a ne ranar 25 ga Febrairu a shekara ta 1925 - ya mutu a ran 25 ga watan Janairu a shekara ta 2009) mawakin Nijeriya ne.
 

## Manazarta
Maud Meyer

**Maud Meyer yakasance mawakiyar** Nijeriya ce.  An haifi Maud ne a birnin Patakwal (Port Harcourt), dake ƙasar Nijeriya.
 

## Manazarta
Peru

**Jamhuriyar Peru** ko **Peru** kasa ce a yankin Amurka ta Kudu. Peru tayi iyaka da kasashe uku; 
* **Daga arewacin kasar** Ecuador (Ekwado) da kasar Colombia 
* **Daga gabashin kasar** Brazil
* **Daga gabashin da kudu kasar** Boliviya
* **Daga yammacin** Ruwan Pacific 
* **Daga kudu tabkin kasar** Chile (Cile).


File:Alpamayo.jpg|Mount Alpamayo, Andes, Peru
File:Andean_Man.jpg|An Andean man in traditional dress, Pisac, Cusco, Perú
File:Trujillo-Peru1.jpg|Trujillo, Peru
File:Cerro_Blanco_and_Huaca_de_la_Luna.jpg| Huaca de la Luna|alt=Huaca de la Luna
Yemi Alade

**Yemi Eberechi Alade** (an haife ta a ranar sha uku 13 ga watan maris, 1989) Yar Najeriya ce mawakiyar Affirka, marubiciyar waka kuma jaruma a masa'antar shirya fina-finai Tayi nasarar cin gasar  Peak Talent show a shekarar 2009
## Manazarta
Janet Jackson

**Janet Damita Jo Jackson** (an haifeta a ranar 16 ga watan Mayu shekarar alif dari tara da sittin da shida miladiyya 1966 - ) mawakiyar Amurika ce.  An haifi Janet Jackson ne a birnin Gary dake Jihar Indiana dake kasar Amurika.
## Hotuna

File:Janet_Royal_Albert_Hall_(5908054067).jpg|Janet
File:Janet_Jackson_2002.jpg|Janet
Aretha Franklin

* **Aretha Louise Franklin** (25 Maris 1942 - 16 August 2018) .mawaƙiyar Amurika ce.  An haifi Aretha Franklin ne a birnin Memphis dake Jihar Tenessee, dake ƙasar Amurika
## Hotuna

File:Aretha_Franklin_1968.jpg
File:Arethafranklin.jpg|Aretha
 

## Manazarta
Bessie Smith

**Bessie Smith** (An haife ta a ranar sha’biyar 15 GA watan Afirilu shekara ta alif dubu daya da dari takwas da casa’in da hudu 1894 –ta mutu a ranar  is shirina da shidda 26 ga watan Satumba shekara ta alif dubu daya da dari tara da talatin da bakwai 1937) mawaƙiyar Amurika ce.  An haifi Bessie Smith ne a birnin Chattanooga dake a Jihar Tennessee dake ƙasar Amurika.
Frank Sinatra

**Francis Albert Sinatra** ko **Frank Sinatra** (an haife shi a 12 Disamba, shekara ta alif 1915 – 14 Mayu 1998) mawakin Amurika ne.
B.B. King

**Riley B. King** ko **B.B. King** (16 Satumban shekarar1925 – 14 Mayu 2015) mawakin Amurika ne.  An haifi B.B. King a birnin Itta Bena a Jihar Mississippi a cikin ƙasa Amurika.
## Hotuna

File:B.B._King,_2009.jpg
File:B.B._King,_2006-06-26.jpg|B.B
 

## Manazarta
Ray Charles

**Raymond Charles Robinson** ko **Ray Charles** mawaƙin ƙasar Amurika ne. An kuma haifi Ray Charles a birnin Albany a Jihar Georgia dake ƙasar Amurika.
## Hotuna

File:Ray_Charles_FIJM_2003.jpg|Ray
File:Ray_Charles_classic_piano_pose.jpg|Ray
Chubby Checker

**Ernest Evans** ko **Chubby Checker** (3 Oktoba 1941 - ) mawaƙin Amurika ne.  An haifi Chubby Checker a birnin Spring Gully a Jihar South Carolina dake ƙasar Amurika.
## Hotuna

File:ChubbyCheckerByPhilKonstantin.jpg|Chubby Checker 
File:LoddersChecker1964.jpg|Chubby Checker 
File:Chubby_Checker_1964.jpg|Chubby Checker
Bob Dylan

**Robert Allen Zimmerman** ko **Bob Dylan** (24 Mayu 1941 - ) mawaƙin Amurika ne.  An haifi Bob Dylan a birnin Duluth a Jihar Minnesota dake ƙasar Amurika.

File:Bob_dylan1.jpg|Bob Dylan
File:Bob_Dylan_June_23_1978.jpg|Bob Dylan
Janis Joplin

**Janis Lyn Joplin:** ( a ranar 15 ga watan  Febrairu a shekara ta 1913 zuwa 13 ga watan Disamba shekarar 1998) mawaƙiyar Amurika ce.  An haifi Janis Joplin a birnin Port Arthur a Jihar Texas dake ƙasar Amurika.
## Hotuna

File:Janis_Joplin_1970.JPG|Janis
File:Janis_Joplin_1969.JPG|Janis
File:Janis_Joplin_-_Cash_Box_1968.jpg|Janis
Ecuador

**Jamhuriyar Ecuador (Ekwado)** ko **Ecuador** a kasar a Amurika ta Kudu.  Ecuador tayi iyaka da kasashe uku 
* **Daga arewacin kasar** kolomibiya 
* **Daga gabashin da kudu kasar** Peru
* **Daga yammacin** Ruwan Pacific


File:Flag_of_Ecuador.svg|Tutar Ecuador 
File:Volcan-Sangay-Ecuador.jpg|Sangaya; Dutse mai aman wuta
File:Machala_(2202377678).jpg|Birnin Machala
File:Duran-Ecuador.jpg|Duran, Ecuador
File:Desfile_de_Carnaval,_Ambato,_Ecuador_(6816467590).jpg|Bikin Idin 'ya'yan itace da furanni (Ambato, tsakanin Fabrairu da Maris)
File:Riobamba-David-Torres-Costales.png|Birnin Riobamba, Ecuador



## Manazarta
Willie Nelson

**Willie Hugh Nelson An haife shi ne ranar** (29 ga watan Afirilun shekara ta 1933) mawakin ne Dan kasar Amurka. An haifi Willie Nelson a birnin Abbott a Jihar Texas dake ƙasar Amurika.
## Hotuna

File:Willie_UK2K7_2.JPG|Nelson 
File:Image-Willie_Nelson_at_2007_Coachella_Valley_Music_and_Arts_Festival_2.jpg|Nelson 
File:Willie_Nelson_1996-05.png|Nelson 
File:Willie_Nelson_May_2012_-_9.jpg
 

## Manazarta
Roberta Flack

**Roberta Cleopatra Flack** (10 ga watan Febrairun shekarar 1937 - ) mawaƙiyar kasar Amurika Ce. An haifi Roberta Flack a birnin Black Mountain a Jihar North Carolina dake ƙasar Amurika.
## Hotuna

File:Roberta_Flack_1971.jpg|Robert 
File:Roberta_Flack_-_Cash_Box_1972.png|Robert 
File:Roberta_Flack43.JPG
 

## Manazarta
Andy Allo

**Andy Allo** (An haife ta ranar 13 ga watan Janairu, 1989) a Bamenda. mawakiya ce 'yar asalin Kamaru mazauniyar Amurika. An haifi Andy Allo a birnin Bamenda dake ƙasar Kameru.
Obadiah Johnson

**Dr. Obadiah Johnson** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1849–1920) likitan Nijeriya ne.  An haife shi ne a birnin Freetown, dake ƙasar Sierra Leone, na shekarar 1849.
Orisadipe Obasa

**Dr. Orisadipe Obasa** (Janairu 1863 – 15 Afirilu 1940) Likita ne a Nijeriya.  An haifeshi a birnin Freetown, dake ƙasar Sierra Leone, watan Janairu, na shekara ta 1863.

## Manazarta
Richard Akinwande Savage

Dr. **Richard Akinwande Savage** (An hafe shi shekarar, 1874-1935) a birnin Lagos, dake ƙasar Nijeriya. likitan Nijeriya ne.
 

## Manazarta
Babatunde Kwaku Adadevoh

**Dr. Babatunde Kwaku Adadevoh** (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Oktoban shekarar 1933 –  ya mutu a ranar 5 ga watan Oktoban shekarar 1997) . Likita ne a Nijeriya.  An haifi shi ne a birnin Lagos, dake ƙasar Najeriya.
Kimiyya da fasaha

**Kimiyya da fasaha** ilimi ne na zamani da ya kunshi bincike a fannukan ilimi daban daban , kama daga bincike akan halittu, tsirrai har zuwa sararin samaniya
## Hotuna

File:Agritech_National_Roundtable_Conference_2023.jpg|Agritech National Roundtable Conference 2023
File:Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus_(encircled).svg|Atom
File:Abb_30_Windrad-Akkusystem.jpg|Abb 30 Windrad-Akkusystem
 

## Manazarta
Turanci

**Turanci:** Harshe ne kuma yana daga cikin harsunan da ake amfani da su a nahiyar turai da ƙasashen dake yammacin duniya, wato nahiyar Amurka ta Arewa, shi ne yare na biyu mafi yawan ma su magana a faɗin duniya.

Turanci na ɗaya daga cikin yaren da ya kewaye duniya saboda kusan duk inda kaje a duniya kusan sai ka samu masu jin Turanci, a Turance ana kiran shi da (global language). 

Turanci shi ne harshen majalisar ɗinkin duniya (MDD) da kuma wasu ƙasashen da Ƙasar Ingila ta yi wa mulkin mallaka, misali: Najeriya da Gana da Indiya da sauran ƙasashe rainon Ingila.

## Manazarta:
Will Smith

**Willard Carroll** "**Will**" **Smith, Jr.** (an haife shi ne ranar 25 ga watan Satumban, shekara ta 1968).
## Hotuna

File:Terry_Crews_%26_Will_Smith_(36102252256).jpg|Terry Crews and Smith at the 2017 Comic-Con International
File:WillSmithSept09.jpg|Will


## Manazarta
Teresa Teng

**Teresa Teng** (Janairu 29, 1953 - May 8, 1995), sanannen mawaƙar Taiwan, ta Asiya SuperStar da Asian pop music sarauniya. Ta rera waka Sin songs, Japan songs, Indonesian songs, Kannada songs, Taiwan songs da kuma Turanci songs.

## Farkon rayuwa
An haifeta ranar 29 ga watan Janairu 1953 a Taiwan.

A  shekarar 1967, sai ta fito ta farko album a Taiwan. Tun shekarar 1970, ta rare a kudancin Asiya. A shekarar 1974, sai ta buga ta farko Japan album a Japan. A Japan, ta kasance wani shahararren mawaki. A shekarar 1983, ta yi a Caesars Palace a Las Vegas, ta yi abin mamaki. Ta na fiye da 100 solo albums. Bugu da ƙari, ta na da fiye da 500 zaba albums. Her songs ne Popular a Asia, irin su Taiwan, Hong Kong, China, Japan, Koriya ta Kudu, Koriya ta Arewa, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand da kuma sauran kasashe, ta na da fiye da biliyan 1 fans. Baƙin ciki, a ranar 8 ga watan Mayun shekarar 1995, sai ta rasu a Chiang Mai, Thailand, da kuma dalilin mutuwar shi fuka.
A May 28, 1995, da Taiwan gwamnati gudanar da wani babban jana'izar ta don tunawa da mafi girma da Taiwan singer.

## Manazarta
Camfi

**Camfi** hanya ce ta zato da Bahaushe ya gina kansa a kan ta dangane da faruwar wasu abubuwa. Wannan al’ada ta camfi na daga cikin munanan al’adun da Bahaushe yakeda su tun dauri. Bahaushe yana aƙidantuwa da zance-zance da ya yi dangane da faruwa ko afkuwar wasu abubuwa da suka shafi rayuwarsa. Wannan al’ada masana suna yi mata kallon mummunar al’ada ce. Saboda Kashi tamanin cikin dari duk karyace.

## Ma’anar Camfi
A al’adance idan aka ce camfi ana nufin, ƙudurcewa da mutum yake yi a zuciyarsa cewa idan ya aikata wani aiki, ko ya faɗi wata magana, ko wani abu ya faru dashi, to sakamakon faruwar wannan abun, wani abu kuma daban, wanda ka iya zama kakkyawa ko akasin haka na iya faruwa dashi, Amma Farfesa Ɗangambo (1984), cewa ya yi, “camfi shine mutum ya ɗauka cewa, in yayi wani abu, ko yace wani abu, ko yaji wani abu, to ya gasgata wani abun zai faru, sakamakon haka.”

Su kuwa Yahaya, Zariya, Gusau, da ‘Yar’aduwa (1992), cewa suka yi, “Wata hanya ce ta ƙudurce aukuwa ko faruwar wani abu da sakamakonsa zai iya zama mai kyau ko mai alheri ko mai muni.” Kenan, bisa la’akari da waɗannan maganganu na masa game da ma’anar camfi, za a iya fahimtar cewa, camfi ƙuduri ne da ake gina shi a kan zato, Saboda, zato ne ake yi cewa idan aka yi wani abu, ko aka faɗi wani abu, da sauran su, to wani abu na iya faruwa, Babu tabbas cikin faruwar wannan abun.

## Misalan Camfe-Camfe
A misalce, Bahaushe ya ƙudurce cewa;
1. Idan mutum ya zauna a ƙofar ɗaki, aljanu suna iya bugunsa.

2. Idan mutum ya ji hannunsa na dama yana ƙaiƙayi, zai samu arziƙi.

3. Idan mutum ya taka kashi da safe, zai samu arziƙi a wannan rana.

4. Idan mutum ya ji ƙafarsa tana ƙaiƙai, to zai yi tafiya.

5 Mutum yaji kukan mujiya,tom za ai rasuwa

Kenan, idan aka lura da waɗannan ƙudurori da suka zo a matsayin misalsalin camfe-camfe, za a fahimci cewa zato ne kawai. Don haka wannan al’ada ba ta da kyau. Kuma masana sun yi gargaɗi da a nesance ta.

## Manazarta
Marian Anderson

**Marian Anderson** (27 ga watan Febrairu, shekara ta 1897 – 8 ga watan Afirilun shekara ta 1993) mawaƙiyar Amurika ce. An haifi Marian Anderson ne a birnin Philadelphia dake Jihar Pennsylvania dake ƙasar Amurika.
## Hotuna

File:Marian_Anderson_1933_(121327138).jpg|Maria
File:Marian_Anderson,_by_Laura_Wheeler_Waring_(1944).jpg|Maria
File:M_Anderson_House_Philly.jpg|Gidanta


## Manazarta
Tina Turner

Mawaƙiyar ƙasar Switzerland Tina Turnerhaifaffiyar ƙasar Amurika ta fitar da albums na studioguda tara, kundi guda uku masu rai, waƙoƙin sautiguda biyu da kundi na tarawaguda shida . An yi magana da shi da " Sarauniyar Rock 'n' Roll", Turner ya sayar da kusan bayanan miliyan 100 zuwa 150 a duk duniya (tare da ikirarin sama da miliyan 200 a duniya), sanya ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun masu fasaha mata a tarihin kiɗa. A cewar Associationungiyar Masana'antar Rikodi ta Amurka, Turner ya sayar da takaddun shaida miliyan 10 a cikin Amurka. 

ƙasar Amurika ta fitar da albums na studioguda tara, kundi guda uku masu rai, waƙoƙin sautiguda biyu da kundi na tarawaguda shida . An yi magana da shi da " Sarauniyar Rock 'n' Roll", Turner ya sayar da kusan bayanan miliyan 100 zuwa 150 a duk duniya (tare da ikirarin sama da miliyan 200 a duniya), sanya ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun masu fasaha mata a tarihin kiɗa. A cewar Associationungiyar Masana'antar Rikodi ta Amurka, Turner ya sayar da takaddun shaida miliyan 10 a cikin Amurka. 
## Hotuna

File:Tina_Turner_1970.jpg|Tina
File:Tina_Turner_2311720060.jpg|Tina
File:Tina_Turner_signature.svg|Sa hannunta
 

## Manazarta
Dimokaraɗiyya

**Dimokaraɗiyya** ko **Damakwaraɗiyya ** (fassara “mulkin talakawa”), amma yanzu, tsari ne na gwamnati wanda kuma ýan kasa ke mulki ko su zaɓi wakilai a tsakanin su domin su kafa hukumar gudanarwa, kamar majalisar dokokin Dimokaraɗiyya an fara ta ne a 'Kasar Girika wanda wakilan ýan siyasa da aka zaɓa daga shaidun Kotu tsakanin ýan 'Kasa maza masu arziki da talakawa.

Bisa ga mai ilimin siyasa Larry Diamond, dimokaradiyya tana da abubuwa hudu: (a) hanyar siyasa don zabe da kuma maye gurbin gwamnati ta tsarin zaben adalci da gaskiya; (b) gudumawar jamaá a matsayinsu na ýan 'Kasa cikin siyasa da ýancin rayuawa; (c) kariyar ýancin 'dan Adam na dukan ýan 'Kasa da (d) mulkin doka, wanda dokoki da hanyar da za a zatas da su dai-dai ga dukan ýan kasar.

A karni na biyar (5) kafin haifuwar Annabi Isah, a biranen tarayya ta Girika, an nuna tsarin siyasa wanda an fi sani da Athens, dimokaradiyya akasin sarauta ne,wato, 'mulkin dan yawa'. A rubuce wadannan bayanai akasin dimokaradiyya ne kuma an kauce wa manufar dimokaradiyya bisa ga tarihi. Tsarin siyasar Athens ta ba ýan Kasa ýanci mai adalci da su yantar da maza wajen siyasa, barori ba su da wannan ýancin shigar siyasa. A tarihin gwamnatin dimokaradiyya na dá da na zamani, zama dan wakili mai adalci ta kunshi yardan jamaá bayan an ci ainihin zabe da manyan mutane sun yi bisa ga yawancin siyasan yau bisa ga zaben raáyi a karnin 19, da na 20. Turai ta fara daga karni na 16, daga tsohowar tsakar Faransa da tsakar Latin.

An kwatanta dimokaradiyya da siffar gwamnati inda mutum daya ke da iko kamar ta mulkiya ko ikon kalilar mutane. Duk da haka, wadannan hamayyar da an gada daga mai ilimin falfasa na Girika na baki-biyu sabida gwamnatin yanzu na da siyasar hántsuná, mulkin kalila da ababan mulukiya. Mai suna Karl Popper, ya kuma bayyana Dimokaradiyya da kwatanci da mulkin kama karya ko zalunci, da sa hankali ga damar damar jamaá da su jagoranci shuwagabanensu da su hambarar da su ba tare da bukatan juyin mulki ba.

## Manazarta.
Tarin fuka

**Tibi,** (TB) ko **Tarin fuƙa:** wata cuta ce, wadda ake kamuwa da ita daga kwayar cuta mai suna “mycobacterium Tuberculosis”(MTA). Tb cuta ce da ke shafa ***Hunhu*** amma tana iya shafar wasu gaɓoɓin jiki kuma. Yawancin cututtukan tibi ba su nuna alamar kasancewarsu a jiki ba. Kusan kashi 10 (10%) na cikin dari na tibi ba su nuna alamar kasancewarsu ba, suna iya zama ciwo idan ba a magancesu ba, zai kashe kusan rabin masu dauke da cutar idan ba a yi jiyyarsu ba. Mafi alama cutar tibi su ne: tari, majina da jini, zazzabi, da zufa da daddare da kuma ramewa ko rage nauyi. Kalmar “ci” an samo ta dalilin ramewa bisa ga tarihi. Shafar wasu gabobbin jiki na iya nuna alamomi da dama. 

Ana baza cutar tibi ta iska yayinda masu shi na tari daga huhu, tufa miyau, yi magana ko atishawa. Mutane masu dauke da kwayar cutar da bai zama ciwo ko ba, ba su baza cutar ba. Ciwo mai tsanani kan auku ne ga masu dauke da kwayar cutar sida da kanjamau da kuma masu shan taba. Ana yin binciken ciwon tibi ta daukar hoton kirji, da yin amfani da madubin likita, da kuma nazarin ruwan jiki.

Tsare kamuwa da tibi ta hada da gwajin wadanda ke da hadarin kamuwa da cutar, ganowa da sauri da kuma shan rigakafinta “bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine” na taimaka wajen magance cutar. Ýan gida, ofishi, da sabowa da jamaá masu tibi na da hatsarin samu ko kamuwa da wannan cutar. Jiyyar wannan cutar ta bukace amfani da maganin rigakafi na tsawon lokaci. Rashin jin maganin rigakafi na tsawon lokaci damuwa ce  da ke kara rashin aukin Maganin-Tibi (MDR-TB).

Ana tunani kashi daya cikin goma na alúmmar duniya na da cutar tibi. Kashi daya cikin dari na mutanen duniya na sabowar kamuwa da cutar. A shekara ta 2014, an samu masu cutar Tibi miliyan tara da dubu dari shida (9.6 million) wanda ya kai ga mutuwar mutum miliyan daya da rabi (1.5 million). Mutane fiye da kashi tasain da biyar cikin dari (95%) sun salwanta a kasashe masu tasowa. Tun shekara ta 2000 an samu raguwa wajen  kamuwa da cutar. Kusan kashi tamanin cikin dari (80%) na Kasashen Asiyawa da na Afrika an same su da wannan cutar sannan biyar zuwa goma na mutanen Majalisar Dinkin Duniya an same su da kwayan cutar. Kasancewar tibi na nan tun dá.


File:Depiction of a tuberculosis patient.png|thumb|yadda ciwon tarin tibi yake bata huhu
File:Tuberculosis symptoms.svg|thumb|alamomin tarin Tibi (TAB)
Fayil:TB Culture.jpg|TB


## Manazarta
Joe Dassin

**Joe Dassin** (an haife shi a birnin New York, a ranar 5 ga watan Nuwamba 1938 - ya mutu a Papeete, a ranar 20 ga watan Agostan shekarar 1980) mawaƙin Faransa ne. Ya shirya wa'ka kamar *Siffler sur la colline* ("Usir a kan tudun"), *Le Petit Pain au chocolat* ("Karamin cokolati kek") na *Les Champs-Élysées*. 

 

## Manazarta
Johnny Hallyday

**Johnny Hallyday** (lafazi : [joni alidai] ; an haife shi a birnin Paris, Faransa, a ranar 15 ga watan Yuni 1943 - ya mutu a Marnes-la-Coquette, Faransa, a ranar 6 ga watan Disamba 2017) mawaƙin Faransa ne. 

## Waƙa

Shi ne ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun Faransa mawaƙa a ƙarni na ashirin. Ya shirya waƙoƙi kamar *L'Idole des jeunes* (*Gumkin matasa*, 1962), *Noir c'est noir* (*Baƙi baƙi ne*, 1966), *Que je t'aime* (*Ina sonki sosai*, 1969), *Requiem pour un fou* (*Requiem domin mahaukaci*, 1976) na *Ma gueule* (*Fuskana*, 1980).

## Manazarta
Claude François

**Claude François** (lafazi : [klod franswa] ; an haife shi a birnin Ismailia, Misira, a ranar 1 ga watan Fabrairu a shekra ta 1939 ; ya mutu a birnin Paris, Faransa, a ranar 11 ga watan Maris a shekara ta 1978) mawaƙin Faransa ne. Shi ne ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun mawaƙan Faransa a karni na ashirin. Ya shirya waƙa kamar *Cette année-là* ("Wannan shekaran", 1976), *Comme d'habitude* ("Zama saba", 1967), *Alexandrie Alexandra* ("Alexandria Alexandra", 1978), *Belles ! Belles ! Belles !* ("Kwazazzabo", 1962) na *Le Lundi au soleil* ("Littinin a rana", 1972).

## Manazarta
Coronel Fabriciano

**Coronel Fabriciano**, gari ne a cikin jihar Minas Gerais, Brazil.
## Hotuna

File:Lateral_e_torre_da_Igreja_Matriz_de_S%C3%A3o_Sebasti%C3%A3o,_Coronel_Fabriciano_MG2.jpg
File:Vista_parcial_do_Hospital_Metropolitano_Unimed_Vale_do_A%C3%A7o,_Coronel_Fabriciano_MG.JPG
File:Vista_da_Rua_Maria_Mattos_a_partir_do_Supermercado_Coelho_Diniz,_Coronel_Fabriciano_MG2.JPG
File:Marujos_dos_Cocais_durante_passagem_da_tocha_ol%C3%ADmpica_em_Coronel_Fabriciano_MG.JPG
 

## Hanyoyin hadi na waje
* 
* http://www.fabriciano.mg.gov.br
Frances Ames

**Frances Rix Ames** (furuta: /faransis/ /emes/) daga shekara alif dari tara da ashirin, ran ashirin ga watan Afirilu zuwa sha daya ga Nuwamba shekara dubu biyu da biyu (20 Afrilu 1920 - 11 Nuwamba 2002) ta zaman likita mai fida da na kula da kwakwalwa da yaki akan ýancin dan Adam,wanda an sannin da jan gaba a tsarin fegen magani zuwa mutuwar Steve Biko mai wariyar launin fata,wanda ya mutu ta rashin kullawa wanda yan sanda suka wulakantar da shi. Da Hukumar Kudancin Afirika da ta hakori (SAMDC) wanda sun kasa hukuntar da shugaban likitoci da mataimakinsa na yankin don rashin kulla da Biko da suka yi, Ames da kungiyar mutum biyar malamai da kuma likitoci sun tara kudade suka yi shariar yaki shekara takwas da kafuwar hukumar magunguna. Ames ta sadakad da tsaronta da matsayin iliminta don sammar da.
 

## Manazarta
Fatima Massaquoi

**Fatima Massaquoi-Fahnbulleh** (25 Disemban 1912 – 26 Nuwamba 1978) ta kasance malama a Liberia.  Bayan kammala ta ilimi a Amirka, ta koma Liberia a shekarar 1946, inda ta bayar da gudunmawar da yawa da al'adu da kuma zamantakewa rai na kasar.

## Farkon rayuwa a Karatu
An haife ta a  Gendema a Unguwar Pujehun District da ke Kudancin Sierra Leone a shekarar 1912 (wasu sunce 1904). Massaquoi tayin girma a kula da wani inna a Njagbacca, a cikin Garwula gundumar na Grand Cape Mount County na kudancin Laberiya. Bayan shekara bakwai, sai ta koma zuwa ga arewa yammacin ɓangare na kasar a cikin Montserrado County, inda ta fara ta makaranta. A shakara alif 1922 ta raka mahaifinta, a jami'in diflomasiyyar, zuwa Hamburg, Jamus, inda ta kammala karatunta a magani, a Jami'ar Hamburg shekara alif dari tara da talatin da bakwai(1937). Ta koma Amurka domin kara ilimi, don karanta ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a da anthropology a kwaleji Lane, Jami'ar Fisk da Boston.

## Manazarta
Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti

**Funmilayo Ransome Kuti**, An haife ta a ranar 5 ga watan Oktoba, shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara 1900, tarasu a ranar 13 ga watan Afrilu shekarar 1978, malama ce, yar siyasa kuma mai kare, yancin mata. Ta bauta tare da bambanci a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi shahararren shugabannin ta tsara. Ta kuma mace ta farko a kasar don fitar da wani mota. Ransom Kuti-siyasa ayyukan jagoranci mata da ake bayyana a matsayin doyen na  mace hakkin a Najeriya, kazalika ana daukarta a matsayin "The Mother of Africa." Early kan, ta kuma kasance mai matukar iko da karfi advocating ga Nijeriya mace ta yancin kada kuri'a. Ta aka bayyana a cikin shekarar alif 1947, da *West African Pilot* a matsayin "zakanya na Lisabi" domin ta shugabanci na mata na Egba mutane a kan wani yaƙin neman zaɓe a kan sabani haraji. Wannan gwagwarmaya ya kai ga abdication babban sarki Oba Ademola II a 1949.
## Hotuna

File:Funmilayo_Ransome-Kuti_and_Abubakar_Tafawa_Balewa.gif
File:Family_Ransome_Kuti_c1940.jpg|Danginta
File:Funmilayo_Ransome-Kuti_(Women_Activist).jpg|Kuti
Faris

**Faris:** Babban birni ne kuma birni mafi yawan jama'a na Faransa, tare da ƙididdiga na hukuma na mazauna (2,102,650) tun daga (1) ga watan Janairun shekarar  (2023) a cikin yanki sama da (105) km2 (41 sq mi) wanda Kuma ya sa ya zama na huɗu mafi yawan jama'a a birni a cikin Tarayyar Turai da kuma birni na (30) mafi yawan jama'a a duniya a cikin shekara ta  (2022). 

Tun daga ƙarni na (17) Paris ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin kuɗi na duniya, diflomasiyya, kasuwanci, al'adu, tufafi, ilimin gastronomy da wurare da yawa. 

Domin rawar da yake takawa a fannin fasaha da kimiyya, da farkonsa da kuma tsarinsa mai yawa na hasken titi, a cikin ƙarni na (19) an san shi da "Birnin Haske".

Anne Hidalgo, ita ce shugaban birnin Faris an zaɓe ta a shekara ta (2014).
## Hotuna

File:Crowds_of_French_patriots_line_the_Champs_Elysees-edit2.jpg|An 'yantar da Paris a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1944.
File:Pont_des_Arts,_Paris.jpg|Paris
File:Atlas_des_anciens_plans_de_Paris_-_Plan_de_la_cit%C3%A9_gauloise_-_David_Rumsey.jpg|Lutetia, taswirar farko ta Paris
File:Arc_Triomphe.jpg|Arc Triomphe
File:Avenue_des_Champs-Elys%C3%A9es_from_top_of_Arc_de_triomphe_Paris.jpg|Avenue de Champs an hango daga Arc Triomphe
File:Champ_de_Mars_from_the_Eiffel_Tower_-_July_2006_edit.jpg|Champs de Mars daga Eiffel Tower
File:A_Brouhot_car_in_Paris,_1910.jpg| Mota kirar Brouhot a birnin Faris a 1910
File:Tour Eiffel, École militaire, Champ-de-Mars, Palais de Chaillot, La Défense - 02.jpg|Champ-de-Mars 
File:La Tour Eiffel vue de la Tour Saint-Jacques, Paris août 2014 (2).jpg|La Tour Eiffel vue de la Tour
File:Eiffel Tower from the Tour Montparnasse, 1 May 2012 N2.jpg|Eiffel Tower from the Tour Montparnasse


## Manazarta
Lyon

**Lyon** birnin kasar Faransa ne. A cikin birnin Lyon akwai mutane  a kidayar shekarar 2015.
Garin Lyon yana da yawan jama'a 522,228 a cikin 2020 a cikin ƙaramin yanki na birni na 48 km2 (19 sq mi),  amma tare da ƙauyukanta da wuraren balaguro yankin Lyon na da yawan jama'a 2,293,180 a wannan shekarar, na biyu mafi yawan jama'a a Faransa. Lyon da gundumomi 58 na kewayen birni sun kafa tun 2015 Metropolis na Lyon, zaɓaɓɓen ikon birni kai tsaye yanzu mai kula da yawancin lamuran birane, tare da yawan jama'a 1,416,545 a cikin 2020. Lyon ita ce lardin Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes kuma wurin zama na Majalisar Sashen Rhône (wanda ikonsa, duk da haka, ba ya ƙara kan Metropolis na Lyon tun 2015).

## Hotuna

File:Lyon_Nouveau_palais_de_justice.jpg|Wata Kotu a birnin 
File:Pont-R06-Morand-10.JPG|Gadar Morand
File:Lyon_Carnot_001.jpg|Place Carnot, Lyon
File:Pla%C3%A7a_i_fons_de_Lyon_(Restored).jpg|Plaça i fons de Lyon (Restored)
File:01. Panorama de Lyon pris depuis le toit de la Basilique de Fourvière.jpg|01._Panorama_de_Lyon_pris_depuis_le_toit_de_la_Basilique_de_Fourvière|Hoton garin Lyon
File:France-003038 - Basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourvière (15939822990 cropped).jpg|France-003038_-_Basilica_of_Notre-Dame_de_Fourvière_(15939822990_cropped)|Hoton Basilica of Notre-Dame dake birnin Lyon
File:El Ródano por Lyon. Rhône - Lyon.jpg|El_Ródano_por_Lyon._Rhône_-_Lyon|El Rodano Lyon
File:View-of-Lyon-France.jpg|View-of-Lyon-France|View of Lyon
File:Lyon T1 - ENS Lyon - a.jpg|Lyon_T1_-_ENS_Lyon_-_a
File:Flag_of_Lyon.png|Tutar birnin 
File:Lyon vue depuis fourviere.jpg|Lyon_vue_depuis_fourviere


## '''Tarihi'''
Lyon tana da dogon tarihi da ya fara tun zamanin Romawa, lokacin da aka sani da Lugdunum. Ta kasance tsohuwar babban birnin Gaul a zamanin daular Romawa. A cikin shekarun da suka wuce, Lyon ta zama cibiyar kasuwanci mai karfi da kuma wurin fasaha, musamman a lokacin Renaissance. Haka kuma, tana da tsofaffin gine-ginen tarihi kamar yadda aka samu a Vieux Lyon, Netadom wanda aka sanya a cikin jerin wuraren tarihi na duniya na UNESCO.

## '''Tattalin Arziki'''
Lyon tana da karfi a masana'antu da kuma kasuwanci. A cikin yankin ta, akwai masana'antun sinadarai a Kogin Rhône, wanda aka fi sani da 'Vallée de la Chimie'. Bayan rufe masana'antun yadi, Lyon ta mayar da hankali kan fasahohin zamani kamar su magunguna da biotechnologies.

## '''Ilmi da Kimiyya'''
Lyon tana da matsayi mai girma a harkar ilimi, kasancewar tana da jami'o'i da yawa da kuma manyan makarantun fasaha. Wasu daga cikin manyan makarantun sun hada da École Centrale de Lyon da kuma EMLYON Business School.

## '''Yawan Jama'a'''
A shekarar 2021, Lyon ta kasance birni na uku mafi girma a Faransa dangane da yawan jama'a, kuma birnin ya zama cibiya mai tasiri a fannoni da dama ciki har da al'adu, kasuwanci, fasaha, da kiwon lafiya.

## Manazarta
Toulouse

Toulouse ita ce cibiyar masana'antar sararin samaniya ta Turai, tare da hedkwatar Airbus (tsohon EADS), tsarin tauraron dan adam SPOT, ATR da Aerospace Valley. Tana kuma karɓar bakuncin Cibiyar Sararin Samaniya ta Toulouse ta CNES (CST) wacce ita ce cibiyar sararin samaniya mafi girma a Turai, amma kuma, a bangaren soja, sabuwar cibiyar sararin samaniyar NATO da aka kirkira da kuma Cibiyar Sararin Samaniya ta Faransa.  Toulouse is the central city of one of the 22 metropolitan councils of France. Between the 2014 and 2020 censuses, its metropolitan area was the third fastest growing among metropolitan areas larger than 500,000 inhabitants in France.Thales Alenia Space, ATR, SAFRAN, Liebherr-Aerospace da Airbus Defence da Space suma suna da mahimmanci a cikin Toulouse.

Toulouse is the centre of the European aerospace industry, with the headquarters of Airbus (formerly EADS), the SPOT satellite system, ATR and the Aerospace Valley. It hosts the CNES's Toulouse Space Centre (CST) which is the largest space centre in Europe, but also, on the military side, the newly created NATO space centre of excellence and the French Space Command and Space Academy. Thales Alenia Space, ATR, SAFRAN, Liebherr-Aerospace and Airbus Defence and Space also have a significant presence in Toulouse.

## Hotuna

Eudo dux aquitaine-battle of toulouse 721.jpg|Eudo dux aquitaine-yaƙin Toulouse
File:Toulouse_garonne_nuit.jpg|Toulouse garonne nuit
File:Toulouse - View on Saint Sernin.jpg|Toulouse_-_View_on_Saint_Sernin
File:Montage Toulouse 3.jpg|Montage_Toulouse_3
File:Toulouse - vue du Vieux Toulouse depuis St Sernin 06.jpg|Toulouse_-_vue_du_Vieux_Toulouse_depuis_St_Sernin_06
File:Panorama from pont Saint-Pierre in Toulouse - 2012-08-31.jpg|Panorama_from_pont_Saint-Pierre_in_Toulouse_-_2012-08-31
File:Jardin japonais de Toulouse - Pont.jpg|Jardin_japonais_de_Toulouse_-_Pont
File:Vue aérienne Toulouse.jpg|Vue_aérienne_Toulouse
File:Toulouse - 2007-05-02 - IMG 3329.jpg|Toulouse_-_2007-05-02_-_IMG_3329
File:Toulouse - 2007-05-02 - IMG 3335.jpg|Toulouse_-_2007-05-02_-_IMG_3335


## Manazarta
Elnathan John

**Elnathan John** (an haife shi a shekara ta alif 1982 a Kaduna), dan jarida ne kuma marubuci ne, a Nijeriya. 

Ya yi karatu a jami'ar Ahmadu Bello (Zariya, jihar Kaduna, Nijeriya). 

Ya rubuta labarin *Born on a Tuesday* (An h*aife ni a ranar Talata*) a shekara ta 2016. An fassara wannan labari zuwa Faransanci (*Né un mardi*) a shekara ta 2018.

## Aiki
An haifi Elnathan John a Kaduna, a arewa maso yammacin Najeriya, a shekara ta 1982. Ya halarci Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello da ke Zariya, da Makarantar Shari’a ta Najeriya, inda ya samu digirin digirgir.

Gajeren labarinsa Bayan Layi, wanda aka buga a cikin Per Contra, ya kasance cikin jerin sunayen da aka zaba don kyautar Caine don Rubutun Afirka a 2013. An sake zaba shi don Kyautar Caine a cikin shekara ta 2015 don ɗan gajeren labarinsa na Flying.

An buga rubutunsa a cikin The Economist, The Guardian, Per Contra, Hazlitt, ZAM Magazine, Evergreen Review, da Chimurenga's The Chronic.

Littafin labari na farko na John, Haihuwar Talata  an buga shi a cikin shekara ta 2016 ta Cassava Republic Press a cikin shekara ta 2015 kuma a cikin Amurka ta Grove Atlantic.   An haife shi a ranar Talata a cikin Satumba 2016 don NLNG Nigeria Prize for Literature, lambar yabo mafi girma a Afirka  kuma ya lashe lambar yabo ta Betty Trask. An fassara shi zuwa Faransanci azaman Né un mardi ta Céline Schwaller, ta sami kyautar Les Afriques a cikin shekara ta 2019.

Littafinsa na biyu, Be(com) ing Nigerian, A Guide, tarin satirical, Cassava Republic Press ne ya buga a shekara ta 2019.

Littafinsa na uku, labari mai hoto,  Cassava Republic Press ne ya buga a watan Nuwamba shekara ta 2019. Alaba Onajin ne ya kwatanta littafin.

Elnathan John ɗan Civitella Ranieri ne. Yakan rubuta shafi na satirical na mako-mako don jaridar Sunday Trust kuma yana magana akai-akai akan adabin Najeriya, kafafen yada labarai da siyasa. Yana daya daga cikin alkalan kyautar Man Booker ta kasa da kasa ta 2019.

## Jerin Girmamawa
2013: Wanda aka zaba don lambar yabo ta Caine don Rubutun Afirka 2015: Jerin sunayen wadanda aka zaba don Kyautar Caine don Rubutun Afirka 2016: Wanda aka zaba don lambar yabo ta Najeriya don adabi  2017: An dade a jera lambar yabo ta Etisalat don Adabin Afirka  2017  2017: WINNER lambar yabo ta Betty Trask  2018: Miles Morland Writing Scholarship  2019: WINNER Prix Les Afriques

## Manazarta
Abubakar Adam Ibrahim

**Abubakar Adam Ibrahim**

An haife shi a shekara ta ( 1979) a Jos ta Jihar Plateau Najeriya, ɗaya ne daga cikin marubuta a Najeriya. Ya kuma rubuta ƙagaggen labarin (*Season of Crimson Blossoms)* (*kakar tsirowar jajayen furannai*). Ya lashe kyautar adabi na NLNG a shekarar (2016).

## Sana’a
An kuma haifi Abubakar Adam Ibrahim a garin Jos dake Arewa ta tsakiyar Najeriya, kuma ya yi karatun digirinsa a  BA  Mass Communication a jami'ar Jos.

Tarin gajeriyar labarinsa na halarta na farko An Kuma yi jerin *sunayen Bishiyoyi masu*ruɗi don lambar yabo ta Etisalat don Adabi a cikin shekarar 2014, tare da taken da aka zaɓa don Kyautar Caine don Rubutun Afirka. Cassava Republic Press ne ya sake buga tarin don a rarraba ƙasa da ƙasa a cikin shekarar 2020 kuma za a buga fassarar Faransanci a cikin shekarar 2022.

A cikin shekarar (2014) an zaɓe shi a jerin marubutan Afirka 39 waɗanda shekarunsu ke ƙasa da (40) tare da yuwuwar da hazaƙa don ayyana yanayin gaba a cikin adabin Afirka, kuma an saka shi a cikin anthology *Africa39: Sabon Rubuce daga Afirka ta Kudu da Sahara*(ed). Allahu Akbar! Ya kasance mai ba da shawara a kan shirin Rubutun( 2013 )kuma ya yi hukunci da Kyautar Gajerun Rubutattun Labarai a shekara ta 2014. Ya kasance shugaban alkalai don lambar yabo ta Etisalat Flash Fiction Prize na 2016.

Ibrahim ya lashe lambar yabo ta BBC African Performance Prize da ANA Plateau/Amatu Braide Prize for Prose. Shi Gabriel Garcia Marquez Fellow (2013), ɗan Civitella Ranieri (2015) da( 2018 )Art OMI Fellow. A cikin shekarar (2016), Ibrahim ya kasance mai karɓar lambar yabo ta Goethe-Institut& Sylt Foundation African Writer's Residency Award kuma a cikin watan Maris  shekarar 2020 ya kasance Abokin Dora Maar.

Ibrahim ya lashe lambar yabo ta BBC African Performance Prize da ANA Plateau/Amatu Braide Prize for Prose. Shi Gabriel Garcia Marquez Fellow (2013), ɗan Civitella Ranieri (2015) da 2018 Art OMI Fellow. A cikin shekarar 2016, Ibrahim ya kasance mai karɓar lambar yabo ta Goethe-Institut & Sylt Foundation African Writer's Residency Award

## Manazarta
Madrid

**Madrid** [lafazi : /madrid/] shine babban birnin kasar Hispania. A cikin birnin Madrid akwai kimanin mutane  a kidayar shekarar 2015.

## Hotuna

File:Ministerio_de_Agricultura_(Madrid)_06.jpg|Fadar raya kasa (1897)
File:Castillo_de_La_Alameda_(Madrid)_08.jpg|Castle of La Alameda
(15th century)
File:Madrid_Skyline_II.jpg|Moncloa-Aravaca
File:Hospital_de_Maudes_(Madrid)_01.jpg|Assalamu Alaikum
File:Calle_de_Alcal%C3%A1_(Madrid)_24.jpg|Alcalá, birnin 
File:Puerta_de_Hierro_(Madrid)_02.jpg|Birnin Madrid 
File:Puente_de_Toledo_0039.JPG|Gadar 
File:Paseo_de_la_Castellana_(Madrid)_01.jpg|Madrid 


## Manazarta
Jean Lassalle

**Jean Lassalle** (lafazi : /jan lasal/ ko /yan lasal/) (an haifishi ranar 3 ga watan Mayun, 1955). shine ɗan siyasar Faransa, magajin garin Lourdios-Ichère tun 1977 na ɗan majalisar tun 2002. Shi ne ɗan takara a zaben shugaban kasar Faransa a shekara ta 2017. 

## Manazarta