Gwen Lister

**Gwen Lister** (an haife ta a ranar 5 ga watan Disamba 1953 a Gabashin London, Afirka ta Kudu) 'yar jaridar Namibiya ce, mai bugawa, mai adawa da wariyar launin fata da kuma' yancin 'yan jarida.

## Rayuwa ta farko
Yayinda yake girma a karkashin tsarin wariyar launin fata, Lister ya yanke shawarar yin yaƙi da shi a matsayin babba, kuma ya kammala cewa Afirka ta Kudu ta Yamma za ta zama wuri mafi tasiri don yin hakan fiye da Afirka ta Kudu. Ta halarci Jami'ar Cape Town a 1975, inda ta sami digiri na farko. Bayan kammala karatunta, ta tafi aiki a matsayin 'yar jarida a Windhoek Advertiser na Namibia a matsayin wakilin siyasa. Daga baya ta bar takarda bayan tsangwama a cikin rahotonta daga editocin ta.

## Jarida mai zaman kanta
Ita da ɗan jarida Hannes Smith sun fara jaridar Windhoek Observer mai zaman kanta a shekara ta 1978. A matsayinta na editan siyasa, Lister ya so ya ba SWAPO, ƙungiyar 'yanci ta Namibia, "fuska ta ɗan adam', yana nuna wa mutane, gami da fararen fata, cewa ba 'yan ta'adda' da 'kwaminisanci' ba ne da kuma 'baƙar fata' da mulkin mallaka ya sanya su ta hanyar farfagandar su.  Ta kuma soki ayyukan wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu a Namibia, wanda ya jawo fushin gwamnati. An dakatar da mai lura a hukumance a watan Mayu 1984 bayan Lister ya yi tafiya zuwa Zambia don bayar da rahoto game da tattaunawar 'yancin kai ta Namibia. Kodayake an ɗaga haramcin ne bayan da aka yi kira ga Kwamitin Kira na Littattafai na Pretoria, masu kula da lura sun saukar da ita saboda kawo shi, wanda ya haifar da murabus din Lister da kuma barin ma'aikatan jaridar.

Bayan murabus dinta, Lister ta yi aiki mai zaman kanta ga BBC News da kuma Babban Birnin Afirka ta Kudu na 604. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1984, Lister ta fallasa wani takarda da ke ba da izinin hana hukumomin Afirka ta Kudu karɓar wasikunta, wanda ya sa aka kama ta kuma aka tsare ta na mako guda a karkashin Dokar Asirin hukuma. Cibiyar yada labarai ta kasa da kasa (IPI) da ke Austria ta bayyana kamawar a matsayin "ƙoƙarin da aka yi na hana ta kafa sabuwar takarda". 'Yan sanda sun kwace fasfo dinta kuma sun bukaci ta bayar da rahoto sau uku a mako.

A watan Agustan 1985, Lister ya fara sabuwar jarida mai zaman kanta, The Namibiya . Rahotonta game da cin zarafin 'yancin dan adam da sojojin Afirka ta Kudu suka yi ya kawo sabon fushi daga gwamnati da kuma kauracewa talla daga fararen kasuwanci.[1] A shekara ta 1987, hukumomin Afirka ta Kudu sun haramta takarda daga buga hoto na gawar wani mai tayar da kayar baya da aka ɗaure a kan wani mai ɗaukar ma'aikata; Lister ya kalubalanci haramcin a kotu.[2]

A shekara ta 1991, wani dan kasuwa na Ofishin hadin gwiwar jama'a - ƙungiyar 'yan fashi ta gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu - wanda aka kama shi saboda kisan gillar mai fafutukar SWAPO Anton Lubowski ya bayyana cewa an kuma tura shi zuwa Namibia don kashe Lister. An harbe ofishin *Namibiya* kuma ya zubar da hawaye, kuma a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1988, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta Afrikaner da ake kira *White Wolves* ta jefa wuta. A cikin wannan shekarar, an tsare ta na kwanaki da yawa ba tare da tuhuma ba bayan da ta buga takardar gwamnati da ke ba da shawarar sabon ikon 'yan sanda a Namibia; tana da ciki na watanni hudu a lokacin.

A wannan shekarar, Lister ya jagoranci taron UNESCO kan Free, Independent and Pluralistic African Media, wanda ke da Windhoek Declaration a matsayin daya daga cikin sakamakon sa. Ita ce ta kafa kungiyar International Consortium of International Journalists (ICIJ) kuma a halin yanzu tana jagorantar *Namibiya* Media Trust (NMT) wanda ke mallakar Namibian kuma tana aiki wajen inganta 'yancin kafofin watsa labarai,' yancin magana da horar da 'yan jarida. A matsayinta na memba na hadin gwiwar Action Namibia, NMT tana inganta mulkin ATI a kasar. A wannan lokacin, Lister ta kuma kafa Cibiyar watsa labarai ta Kudancin Afirka (MISA), tana aiki a matsayin shugabarta.

A watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, bayan shekaru 26 a matsayin editan *Namibiya*, Tangeni Amupadhi ya gaje Lister.

## Kyaututtuka da karbuwa
Lister ta lashe kyaututtuka da yawa na kafofin watsa labarai na duniya saboda aikinta. A shekara ta 1992, ta sami lambar yabo ta 'yancin' yan jarida ta kasa da kasa daga Kwamitin Amurka don Kare 'yan jarida, wanda ya amince da' yan jaridu "waɗanda suka ba da ƙarfin zuciya ga labarai masu zaman kansu da ra'ayoyi a cikin yanayi mai wahala". Jami'ar Harvard ta ba ta kyautar Nieman Fellowship ga 'yan jarida na tsakiyar aiki a shekarar 1996.  A shekara ta 1997, an ba ta lambar yabo ta MISA Press Freedom Award . Cibiyar watsa labarai ta Kudancin Afirka ta ba da kyautar Lister saboda "kusan da hannu ɗaya ta ci gaba da riƙe 'yancin' yan jarida a Namibia".

A shekara ta 2000, IPI ta ba ta suna daya daga cikin Jarumai 50 na 'yancin' yan jarida na duniya na shekaru hamsin da suka gabata.  A shekara ta 2004 ta sami lambar yabo ta Courage in Journalism daga Gidauniyar Watsa Labarai ta Duniya.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Lister ta wallafa tarihinta Comrade Editor: A kan rayuwa, aikin jarida da haihuwar Namibia a cikin 2021. Lister ta yi aure sau biyu, Johnny 'JJ' Snyman a 1979, tare da ita ta haifi ɗanta Shane (an haife shi a 1980), da kuma Mark Verbaan a 1988,  tare da ita tana da 'yarta Liberty (an haifa ta a 1988).  Ta saki mijinta na biyu a shekara ta 2000 kuma ta fara dangantaka da mai zane Jo Rogge.

Tana sha'awar wasan squash tun tana 'yar shekara 49, kuma an kira ta mai kula da kungiyar Squash ta Namibian . 

## Bayanan littattafai

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## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje