Cheryll Tickle

**Cheryll Anne Tickle** (an haife ta a ranar 18 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1945) masanin kimiyya ne na Burtaniya, wanda aka sani da aikinta a fannin ilmin halitta na ci gaba kuma musamman don bincikenta game da tsarin da gaɓoɓin dabbobi ke tasowa. Ita farfesa ce mai daraja a Jami'ar Bath . 

## Ilimi
Tickle ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Cambridge inda ta kammala karatu tare da digiri na biyu a shekarar 1967, kuma ta sami digirin digirgirta na PhD daga Jami'ar Glasgow a shekarar 1970. 

A shekara ta 1969, wani masanin kimiyya mai suna John Saunders ya tabbatar da cewa apical ectodermal ridge (AER) - wani gefen da ke bayyane tare da buds - yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaba ko fitowar wani gefen tare da Yankin aikin polarizing (ZPA). Yin amfani da waɗannan binciken, Tickle ta mayar da hankali ga bincikenta kan yadda ZPA ke sarrafa ci gaban ɓangaren, musamman tare da axis na baya da na baya na ɓangaren mai tasowa yayin da wannan axis ke sarrafawa ta hanyar siginar ZPA.

A wannan lokacin ne Wolpert ya ba da shawarar cewa ZPA ta samar da morphogen don ƙirƙirar gradient na maida hankali don ƙwayoyin halitta a wurare daban-daban tare da ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwa za a fallasa su ga maida hankali daban-daban don ba su bayanan da ake buƙata don haɓaka cikin adadin lambobi masu dacewa. A wasu kalmomi, ya yi imanin cewa nisan daga yankin polarizing zai haifar da samar da lambobi daban-daban yayin ci gaban gaɓoɓin. Gwaje-gwajen Tickle a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje a kan fuka-fukan kaza na embryonic sun gano cewa nau'in lambobi da suka bunkasa sun dogara da nisansa daga yankin polarizing. Kwayoyin da suka fi kusa da yankin polarizing a gefen baya na gaɓoɓin za su haɗu da mafi girma na morphogen don su samar da lambar kaza 4, yayin da ƙwayoyin da suka fi nisa daga yankin polarization a gefen gaba na gaɓon za su sami ƙananan maida hankali sabili da haka su haɓaka lambar kaza 2. Wadannan sakamakon suna da mahimmanci a fagen ilmin halitta na ci gaba a wannan lokacin, saboda ya ba da shawarar cewa wannan samfurin zai zama hanyar da za a iya fahimtar yadda yankin polarizing ko ZPA ke aiki.

A shekara ta 1976, Bruce Alberts, masanin kimiyyar halittu na Amurka, ya kawo manufar amfani da beads don ci gaba da bincikensu a ci gaban gaɓoɓin. Tare, sun zo da ra'ayin tsoma lu'u-lu'u a cikin abubuwan da aka yi daga yankin polarizing sannan su sanya su tare da gefen baya na ɓangaren kaza mai tasowa. Har ila yau, ba a san komai game da abin da aka yi amfani da wasu sunadarai ba yayin ci gaba, don haka an tsoma beads a cikin wasu abubuwa da yawa da ake zaton suna da mahimmanci, gami da insulin wanda aka ba da shawarar haifar da kwafin gaɓoɓin a cikin ducks. A farkon shekarun 1980, dakin gwaje-gwaje na Tickle ya gano retinoic acid a matsayin sinadarin da zai iya kwaikwayon siginar yankin polarizing ta hanyar amfani da masu dauke da su da aka tsoma a cikin retinoic acid.

A shekara ta 1990, an gano cewa an samo homologs na yawancin kwayoyin halitta masu mahimmanci a cikin dabbobi a cikin Drosophila melanogaster da masana kimiyya da yawa sun kwace homologs din kaji na waɗannan kwayoyin. Cheryll Tickle ya yi aiki tare da Eddy De Robertis da Denis Duboule don duba bayyanar kwayar halitta ta Hox a cikin ɓangarorin da ke tasowa don danganta shi da tsarin fuka-fukan kaza. Sun gano cewa idan an kwafe wani gaɓoɓin tare da retinoic acid, za a kwafe tsarin bayyanar kwayar halitta ta Hox.

Tickle ya kuma yi aiki tare da Gail Martin da Lee Niswander a cikin 1994 don gano cewa abubuwan haɓaka fibroblast (FGF) sune abin da ke amfani da shi ta hanyar ectodermal ridge don sigina. Sun kuma gano cewa sunadarai na morphogenetic na ƙashi (BMP) suna da hannu a cikin siginar yankin polarizing. Don gwada wannan, Tickle ya yi amfani da fasahar bead da Bruce Alberts ya gabatar ta hanyar amfani da takamaiman beads don amfani da sunadarai daban-daban ga gaɓoɓin da ke tasowa. Lokacin da aka cire ACR kuma aka maye gurbin beads da aka tsoma FGF a cikin fuka-fukan kaza, an gano cewa zai iya inganta ci gaban fuka-fuka na kaza. Wannan wani muhimmin binciken ne wanda ya haifar da ci gaba da gano wannan ra'ayi a cikin beraye ta hanyar Gail Martin a kan sikelin da ya fi rikitarwa. Wani dalibi a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Tickle ya gano cewa sanya bead da aka tsoma tare da FGF na 'yan sa'o'i kawai na iya haifar da ci gaban sabon ɓangaren inda mutum ba zai kasance ba. An kammala cewa dole ne a kashe siginar FGF bayan kammala ci gaban gaɓoɓin ko kuma kwayar cutar tana da haɗarin ƙarin ƙididdigar lambobi da sauran abubuwan da ke faruwa.[1]

## Manazarta