Johann Joachim Kändler

**Johann Joachim Kändler** (15 ga Yuni, 1706 &#x2013; 18 ga Mayu, 1775) wani mai sassaka ne na Jamus wanda ya zama mafi mahimmancin mai yin ƙirar faranti na Meissen, kuma wataƙila daga cikin dukkan faranti na Turai. Ya yi aiki a Meissen daga 1731 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1775.

Ana yin nau'ikan Meissen iri-iri da molds galibi daga Kändler ne suka tsara su, wanda shi ma ya kula da samar da molds ɗin kuma ya duba ingancin kayayyakin ƙarshe. Sau da yawa ba ya shiga cikin fenti, aikin da zai iya bambanta tsakanin misalai daban-daban.

Baya ga aikinsa na ƙwararren mai ƙirar Meissen, Kändler kuma yana aiki a wasu mukamai a masana'antar. Da farko a matsayin shugaban sassaka sassaka, kuma daga baya a matsayin mai zane-zanen kayan tarihi, ya jagoranci ƙoƙarin samar da kayan ado a lokacin Yaƙin Shekaru Bakwai da rashin tabbas.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Kändler a Fischbach kusa da Arnsdorf, Jamus, ɗan fasto. Ya sami ilimin gargajiya kuma ya sami kyakkyawar ilimin tatsuniyoyin Girka da Romawa. Wannan ilimin, ƙwarewa mai kyau da hannunsa da kuma baiwar lura ta musamman sun kafa harsashin aikin Kändler daga baya. Ribar da aka samu daga aikin faranti ya ƙaru tare da matsayinsa na zamantakewa. Duk da mallakar kadarori da dama da gonar inabinsa, ya mutu cikin bashi mai yawa. An binne shi a  .

## Aiki
Rayuwar Kändler ta fara ne a matsayin ɗalibi a ƙarƙashin babban mai sassaka gidan kotu na Dresden kuma mai sassaka bagadi Johann Benjamin Thomae (1682–1751). A wannan lokacin, ya nuna ƙwarewa sosai kuma an ba shi muhimman ayyuka. A ranar 22 ga Yuni 1731 yana da shekaru 25, Augustus II ya naɗa shi mai sassaka gidan kotu kuma an naɗa shi mai sassaka gidan a masana'antar fale-falen Meissen. A Meissen, ya zama mataimakin Johann Jacob Kirchner, kuma ya gaje shi a matsayin ƙwararren mai tsara zane a 1733 lokacin da Kirchner ya yi murabus. Ƙungiyoyin dabbobinsa na farko sun haɗa da ƙarfin hali na yanayi tare da tasirin sassaka na Dresden. Daga baya, Kändler ne ke kula da sassaka kuma a ƙarshe ya zama mai tsara zane, wanda aka yarda da shi ga sirrin dabarar fale-falen. Babban abin da ya sa ya yi aiki shi ne nadinsa a matsayin kwamishinan kotu a 1749.

Shaharar masana'antar Meissen ta dogara ne akan faranti da aka kammala a ƙarƙashin jagorancin fasaha da kyau na Kändler. A cikin Swan Service na daraktan sa, Heinrich von Brühl, wanda kuma shi ne ministan mulkin kama-karya na farko, ya ƙirƙiri ƙananan mutane waɗanda ke wadatar da hidimar teburi. A cikin kyakkyawan bunƙasa da sauƙin fara'a, aikinsa yana nuna babban tasirin rococo .
Fayil:Magpie_(one_of_a_pair)_MET_SF64_101_8_img1.jpg|alt=Magpie (one of a pair)| *Magpie* (ɗaya daga cikin biyu)
Fayil:Kändler_Saint_Peter.jpg| *Saint Peter*, 1733–35
Fayil:Kaendler_Candelabrum_for_the_Sulkowsky_Service_DMA.jpg|alt=Candelabrum from the Sulkowsky service, 1736, Dallas Museum of Art| Candelabrum daga sabis na Sulkowsky, 1736, Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Dallas
Fayil:Kaendler_Philadelphia.JPG|alt=Portrait bust of Princess Marie Zéphyrine, d. 1755| Hoton hoton Gimbiya Marie Zéphyrine, d. 1755
Fayil:Couple_Drinking_Chocolate_MET_ES6373.jpg|alt=Couple Drinking Chocolate, c. 1744| *Ma'aurata Suna Shan Cakulan*, kimanin 1744
Fayil:Meissen-Porcelain-Jar.JPG|alt=Tureen of the Swan Service| Tureen na Swan Service
Fayil:Monkey_Band,_c._1765,_Meissen_Porcelain_Manufactory,_Germany,_porcelain,_enamel,_gilding_-_Art_Institute_of_Chicago_-_DSC09806.JPG|alt=Figure from the Monkey Band, c. 1765| Hoto daga *ƙungiyar mawakan biri*, kimanin shekara ta 1765


## Manazarta

* Bayanan tarihin rayuwa daga Gidan Tarihi na Getty
* "Kändler, Johann Joachim." *Littafin The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts.* *Juzu'i na 2.* Oxford University Press, 2006. shafi na 535-536