Anna Catherine Parnell

**Anna Catherine Parnell** (13 ga Mayu 1852 - 20 ga Satumba 1911) 'yar ƙasar Irish ce kuma shugabar Ladies' Land League . Shugaban Irish Nationalist Charles Stewart Parnell shine babban ɗan'uwanta.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Anna Catherine Maria Anna Mercer Parnell a Gidan Avondale a Rathdrum, County Wicklow, Ireland a ranar 13 ga Mayu 1852.  Na goma cikin 'ya'ya goma sha ɗaya na John Henry Parnell, mai gida da Delia Tudor Stewart Parnell, ɗan Irish-Amurka kuma 'yar Admiral Charles Stewart (1778-1869) na Sojan Ruwa na Amurka. Ba ta da ilimi sosai a matsayin yarinya, amma dangin suna da babban ɗakin karatu wanda mahaifiyarta ta ƙarfafa ta karanta. Bayan mahaifinta ya mutu a shekara ta 1859 Anna ta koma tare da iyalin zuwa Dublin. Delia Parnell ta kasance mai aiki a cikin jama'a yayin da take Dublin kuma ta fallasa 'ya'yanta ga ra'ayoyin siyasa daban-daban. Anna ta rubuta waka kuma ta zana. A shekara ta 1865, iyalin suka koma Paris, amma Anna ta ji an hana ta da ka'idojin al'umma da aka ɗora mata. Tana cikin Paris lokacin da Yaƙin Franco-Prussian ya ɓarke a 1870 kuma tana aiki a cikin Kwamitin Mata na Amurka don tara kuɗi da kafa asibitoci. Da ta dawo Dublin, ta shiga Makarantar Fasaha ta Royal Dublin Society .

## Yunkurin siyasa na farko
Anna ta koma London a 1875 don ci gaba da karatun fasaha a Makarantar Zane ta Kudu ta Kensington . Parnell da farko ta yi nasara a fasaha, amma ba ta bi aiki a matsayin mai zane ba, kuma sanannun zane-zanen ta suna cikin tarin masu zaman kansu a Ireland. Lokacin da aka zabi ɗan'uwanta Charles a matsayin dan majalisa na Meath, Anna ta ƙara zama siyasa. Ta ziyarci majalisa akai-akai yayin muhawara, tana zaune a cikin Gidan Mata. Ta rubuta labarai game da muhawara a cikin wani shafi mai taken Notes From the Ladies' Cage a cikin Celtic Monthly .  A shekara ta 1879 Anna ta haɗu da 'yar'uwarta, Fanny Parnell (1848-1882), mawaki, a New York inda suka tara kuɗi don tallafawa Irish National Land League . 'Yan uwan sun yi aiki tare da ɗan'uwansu Charles da Michael Davitt amma sun soki yadda ake amfani da kudaden da aka tara a Amurka a Ireland. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1880, 'yan'uwa mata sun kafa kungiyar New York Ladies' Land League tare da mahaifiyarsu a matsayin shugaban kasa.

## Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Mata
Anna ta koma Dublin a ƙarshen 1880. Lokacin da ya zama kamar za a iya kama maza na Land League, an ba da shawarar cewa ƙungiyar mata a Ireland za ta iya karɓar aikin idan ba su nan. Ra'ayin jama'a a lokacin ya kasance game da mata a siyasa, amma an kafa Ladies' Land League a ranar 31 ga Janairun 1881 tare da Anna a matsayin jagoranta mai tasiri.

Lokacin da aka daure Charles Parnell da sauran shugabannin a 1881, kamar yadda aka annabta, Ladies' Land League ta karɓi aikinsu. Kodayake an yi la'akari da shi a matsayin mai riƙewa har sai an saki maza, Anna ta shirya rassa a ko'ina cikin Ireland, tana ƙarfafa mata su taka muhimmiyar rawa a ayyukan Land League.An ba da ofisoshi ga mata amma taimako kaɗan. Sun tara kudade ga Kungiyar da kuma tallafawa fursunoni da iyalansu. Sun rarraba gidajen katako na Land League don kare iyalan masu haya da aka kori kuma a farkon 1882 suna da rassa 500, dubban membobin mata da kuma tallace-tallace mai yawa. Sun rarraba £ 60,000 a cikin taimakon agaji. An ayyana kungiyar a matsayin kungiya ba bisa ka'ida ba a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1881, tare da taron taro na karshe a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1882.

Wannan ya sanya Ladies' Land League cikin bashi mai tsanani. Anna ta kusanci Charles, tana neman kudi don biyan bashin. Charles, wanda bai amince da fahimtar Anna game da siyasa ba, ya amince da samar da kuɗin a ƙarƙashin yanayin da za a rushe Ladies' Land League. Anna ta yarda, ta rabu a 1882, amma ba ta taɓa gafarta wa Charles ba  kuma ba ta sake magana da shi ba. 

Andrew Kettle ya bayyana cewa Anna tana da "mafi kyawun ilimin zamantakewa da siyasa na Ireland fiye da kowane mutum, namiji ko mace, na taɓa saduwa da ita. Da ta yi aiki da juyin juya halin Land League zuwa mafi kyawun ƙarshe fiye da babban ɗan'uwanta".

## Rayuwa ta baya

Bayan rasuwar ɗan'uwanta a shekara ta 1891 Anna ta rayu sauran rayuwarta a kudancin Ingila. Ta kasance abokiyar tsoffin mambobin kungiyar, kuma ta ci gaba da sha'awar al'amuran Irish. Ta goyi bayan nasarar da Helen Taylor ta samu na tsayawa takarar majalisa a 1885. Ta dogara da karamin shekara-shekara amma wanda ba a amince da shi ba daga ɗan'uwanta, John Howard Parnell . Ta sami damar kara yawan kuɗin shiga tare da buga kundin waƙarta, Tsohon Labarai da Sabon (1905). Ta rubuta wani labari mai fushi game da abubuwan da ta samu a Land League a cikin Tale of a Great Sham, don mayar da martani ga Davitt's Fall of feudalism (1904),  amma ba a buga shi ba sai 1986 .  Ta yi bayyanar siyasa ta ƙarshe lokacin da ta yi yakin neman takarar Sinn Féin a zaben da aka yi a shekarar 1908. Ta yi shirye-shirye don buga Tale of a Great Sham a cikin mujallar Inghinidhe a hÉireann, Bean na hÉireann . Ta biya tarar da editan, Helena Molony, ya karɓa don nuna rashin amincewa da ziyarar sarauta a 1911 don tabbatar da cewa Molony zai iya ci gaba da aiki.

Parnell ta sami karamin gado daga dukiyar mahaifiyarta a 1910, kuma ta koma Ilfracombe, Devon tana zaune a ƙarƙashin sunan da ake kira Cerisa Palmer .  Ta nitse ba zato ba tsammani a Ilfracombe a ranar 20 ga Satumba 1911  tana da shekaru 59 yayin da take iyo a wuraren wanka na Tunnels. An binne ta a cocin Triniti Mai Tsarki a ranar 23 ga Satumba.   Ba da daɗewa ba bayan mutuwarta, tsohon memba na Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Yara, JP Dunne, ya yi kira da a dawo da Parnell don binnewa a Kabari na Glasnevin, Dublin .  An gudanar da rubutun Tale of a Great Sham a cikin National Library of Ireland .  

## Bikin Tunawa
A watan Satumbar 2021, shekaru 110 bayan mutuwarta, an girmama Anna Parnell da takarda mai launin shudi a bangon Bankin Allied Irish a saman titin O"Connell, a tsakiyar birnin Dublin, shafin yanar gizon Ladies Land League wanda ta kafa tare da 'yar'uwarta Fanny a 1881.  Masanin tarihi Margaret Ward ta yi kira da a mayar da jikin Parnell zuwa Ireland.

## Haɗin waje

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* 7 BIOGRAPHIES a www.scoilnet.ie

## Manazarta