Kofi Abrefa Busia

**Kofi Abrefa Busia** (11 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1913 - 28 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1978) ya kasance jagoran siyasar ƙasar Ghana kuma masanin ilimi wanda ya kasance Firayim Minista na Ghana daga shekarar 1969 zuwa shekarar 1972. A matsayinsa na shugaba mai kishin ƙasa da firaminista, ya taimaka wajen dawo da gwamnatin farar hula zuwa ƙasar bayan mulkin soja.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Busia a matsayin basaraken Bono a masarautar gargajiya ta Wenchi, a Yankin Brong Ahafo, ɗaya daga cikin Yankunan Gold Coast guda huɗu, sannan a ƙarƙashin mulkin Biritaniya kuma yanzu ake kira kasar Ghana.

Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Methodist, Wenchi, Makarantar Mfantsipim, Cape Coast, sannan a Kwalejin Wesley, Kumasi, daga shekarar 1931 zuwa 1932. Ya yi koyarwa a Kwalejin Wesley kuma ya bar karatu da koyarwa a Kwalejin Achimota. Ya sami digirinsa na farko tare da Daraja a Medieval da Tarihin zamani daga Jami'ar London, ta hanyar wasiƙa a wannan lokacin. Daga nan ya cigaba da karatu a Kwalejin Jami'ar, Oxford, inda ya kasance ɗalibin ɗan Afirka na farko na kwaleji. Ya koma Gold Coast a shekarar 1942. Ya ɗauki BA (Hons) a Falsafa, Siyasa, da Tattalin Arziki (1941, MA 1946) da DPhil a Social Anthropology a shekarar 1947 a Kwalejin Nuffield, Oxford, tare da rubutun taken "Matsayin babba a cikin tsarin siyasa na zamani. Ashanti: nazarin tasirin sauye -sauyen zamantakewa na zamani akan cibiyoyin siyasa na Ashanti." Shi masanin Fulbright ne a shekarar 1954.

## Aiki
Ya yi aiki a matsayin kwamishinan gunduma daga shekarata 1942 zuwa shekarar 1949, kuma an nada shi malami na farko a Nazarin Afirka. Ya kuma zama ɗan Afirka na farko da ya hau kujera a Kwalejin Jami'ar Gold Coast (yanzu Jami'ar Ghana). A cikin shekarar 1951 Ashanti Confederacy ya zabe shi zuwa Majalisar Dokoki. A shekarar 1952, shi ne Jagoran Jam'iyyar Congress na Ghana, wanda daga baya ya haɗu da sauran jam'iyyun adawa don kafa United Party (UP).

A matsayinsa na jagoran masu adawa da Kwame Nkrumah, ya tsere daga kasar bisa dalilin cewa rayuwarsa na cikin barazana. A cikin 1959 Busia ta zama Farfesa na Ilimin zamantakewa da Al'adun Afirka a Jami'ar Leiden kusa da Hague, Netherlands. Daga shekarar 1962 zuwa 1969, ya kasance Abokin Kwalejin St Antony, Oxford.

Ya dawo Ghana a watan Maris din shekarar 1966 bayan sojoji sun kifar da gwamnatin Nkrumah don aiki a Majalisar 'Yancin Kasa ta Janar Joseph Ankrah, shugaban sojoji; kuma an nada shi a matsayin Shugaban kwamitin ba da shawara na kasa na NLC. A shekarar 1967/68, ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Cibiyar Ilimin Jama'a. Ya yi amfani da wannan damar wajen tallata kansa a matsayin Jagora na gaba. Ya kuma kasance memba na kwamitin duba tsarin mulki. Lokacin da NLC ta dage haramcin siyasa, Busia, tare da abokai a cikin rugujewar UP sun kafa Jam'iyyar Progress (PP).

A shekarar 1969, PP ta lashe zaben majalisar dokoki da kujeru 105 daga cikin 140. Wannan ya ba shi damar zama Firayim Minista na gaba. Busia ya ci gaba da matsayin NLC na nuna adawa da Nkrumaist kuma ya karɓi tsarin tattalin arziƙi. An tasa keyar 'yan Najeriya rabin miliyan daga Ghana, da kuma raguwar kashi 44 cikin 100 na cedi a shekarar 1971, wanda ya gamu da tirjiya daga jama'a.

A lokacin da yake kasar Birtaniya domin duba lafiyarsa, sojojin karkashin Kanar Ignatius Kutu Acheampong sun kifar da gwamnatinsa a ranar 13 ga watan Janairun 1972. Busia ya ci gaba da zaman gudun hijira a Ingila sannan ya koma Jami'ar Oxford, inda ya rasu sakamakon bugun zuciya a watan Agustan shekarar 1978.

Tare da JB Danquah da SD Dombo, sunan Busia yana da alaƙa da haƙƙin siyasa na Ghana. New Patriotic Party ta yi ikirarin rigar Danquah-Busia-Dombo a Jamhuriya ta Hudu.

## Littafin tarihin

* *The Position of the Chief in the Modern Political System of Ashanti*. London, 1951 (Orig. Dissertation Oxford)
* *The Sociology and Culture of Africa*. Leiden, 1960
* *The Challenge of Africa*. New York, 1962
* *Purposeful Education for Africa*. The Hague, 1964
* *Urban Churches in Britain*. London, 1966
* *Africa in Search of Democracy*. London, 1967

## Manazarta