open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
George Brinton McClellan Harvey

**George Brinton McClellan Harvey** (Fabrairu 16, 1864 - Agusta 20, 1928) ɗan diflomasiyyar Amurka ne, ɗan jarida, marubuci, mashahurin jirgin ƙasa, kuma editan mujallu da yawa. Ya yi amfani da dukiyarsa mai yawa a siyasa. Ya kasance mai gabatar da Woodrow Wilson na farko, amma sun zama abokan gaba. Harvey mai ra'ayin mazan jiya ne wanda yake son Washington ta kare manyan kasuwanci daga abin da ya gani a matsayin dama mara adalci daga kungiyoyin kwadago. Ya yi watsi da Wilson lokacin da ya ga Wilson yana adawa da injunan siyasa kuma yana barazana ga manyan kasuwanci a cikin salon masu gyara zamani.

Harvey daga nan ya goyi bayan abubuwan da suka shafi Jamhuriyar Republican, kamar adawa da Kungiyar Al'ummai.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife shi a Peacham, Vermont, ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Peacham . A lokacin da yake da shekaru 18, ya zama mai ba da rahoto a kan Springfield (Massachusetts) Republican kuma daga baya a kan New York World, inda ya ba da rahotanni game da siyasar New Jersey. Gwamna Robert Stockton Green na New Jersey ne ya nada shi a matsayin mataimakin ma'aikatansa, kuma Gwamna Leon Abbett ne ya sake nada shi. Wannan na ƙarshe ya kuma sanya shi kwamishinan inshora na New Jersey a cikin 1890. Mai kula da mai bugawa Joseph Pulitzer, yana da shekaru ashirin da bakwai ya zama manajan edita na New York World (1891-4). Ita ce babbar jaridar Jam'iyyar Democrat; 'yan jaridar jamʼiyyar sun sake buga editocin ta.

### Siyasa
Dan jam'iyyar Democrat mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, Harvey ya kasance babban mai ba da shawara ga gwamnan New Jersey Woodrow Wilson . Tun a farkon 1906 ya zama shugaban farko da ya ba da shawarar Wilson, shugaban Jami'ar Princeton a lokacin, zai zama mai karfi na shugaban kasa. A cewar Arthur Link, "Fiye da kowane mutum, yana da alhakin aikin siyasa na Wilson. "  A cikin tseren zuwa farkon yakin 1912 ya ba Wilson goyon baya mai ƙarfi. Amma Wilson yana motsawa zuwa hagu kuma yana buƙatar girgiza hoton cewa yana ƙarƙashin yatsan Wall Street. Wilson ya ji cewa Harvey ya yi barazana da kuma ra'ayin mazan jiya, yayin da Harvey ya firgita da yunkurin Wilson zuwa hagu na jam'iyyar. Rashin su shine magana ta sa'a a cikin manema labarai na kasa, kuma ya taimaka wa Wilson samun goyon baya tsakanin 'yan Democrat masu sassaucin ra'ayi.

## Manazarta
Harsunan Andaman masu girma

Harsunan Great Andamanese kusan dangin harsuna ne na rabin harsuna goma sha biyu da manyan mutanen Andamanese na arewa da tsakiyar Tsibirin Andaman a cikin Tekun Indiya suka taɓa magana, kuma wani ɓangare na Andamanese sprachbund.

## Tarihi
A ƙarshen karni na 18, lokacin da Burtaniya ta fara kafa mulkin mallaka a tsibirin Andaman, akwai kimanin mutane 5,000 da ke zaune a kan Babban Andaman da tsibirai da ke kewaye da shi, wanda ya ƙunshi kabilun 10 daban-daban tare da harsuna daban-daban amma masu alaƙa da juna. Daga shekarun 1860 zuwa gaba, Birtaniya ta kafa mulkin mallaka a tsibirin, wanda ya haifar da isowar mazauna yankin da ma'aikata, galibi daga Yankin Indiya. Wannan ya yi daidai da raguwar yawan mutanen Andaman saboda cututtukan waje, zuwa ƙasa da mutane 19 a 1961.

Tun daga wannan lokacin lamBo su sun sake dawowa dan kadan, sun kai 52 a shekara ta 2010. Koyaya, a shekara ta 1994 babu masu tunawa da wani sai dai laccoci na arewa,  kuma rarrabuwar tsakanin kabilun da suka tsira (Jeru, Kora, Bo da Cari) sun daina wanzuwa  saboda auren da sake zama zuwa ƙaramin yanki a Tsibirin Strait. Wasu daga cikinsu sun kuma yi aure da Karen (Burmese) da mazauna Indiya. Hindu yana aiki ne a matsayin yarensu na farko.   Wasu daga cikin jama'a suna magana da *koine* wanda ya dogara da Yaren Jeru, amma har ma ana tunawa da wannan ne kawai kuma ba harshe ne na yau da kullun ba.

Akakhora ya ƙare gaba ɗaya a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2009, lokacin da mai tunawa da shi na ƙarshe, Boro Sr, ya mutu. Mai magana da yawun *koine* na karshe, Nao Jr., shi ma ya mutu a shekara ta 2009. Mai tunawa da Akabo na karshe ya mutu a shekara ta 2010 yana da shekaru 85. Mai tunawa da Akachari na ƙarshe, wata mace mai suna Licho, ta mutu daga tarin fuka a watan Afrilun 2020 a Shadipur, Port Blair .   Ya zuwa rahotanni da aka buga a cikin 2020, akwai masu magana da al'adun gargajiya guda uku na Akajeru.

## Harsuna da rarrabuwa
Harsunan da ake magana a tsibirin Andaman sun fada cikin iyalai biyu, Babban Andamanese da Ongan, tare da yare ɗaya da ba a tabbatar da shi ba, Sentinelese. Kamancin da ke tsakanin Babban Andamanese da Ongan galibi suna da yanayin yanayin-morphological, tare da ƙarancin ƙamus na yau da kullun. Masana irin su Abbi (2008) suna la'akari da harshen Andamanese mai girma wanda ya tsira ya zama mai zaman kansa,  har ma da masu bincike na dogon lokaci kamar Joseph Greenberg sun nuna shakku game da ingancin Andamanese a matsayin iyali. 

Harsunan Andaman masu girma sun fada cikin tarin 3 masu haske. Yawancin nau'ikan da aka jera a matsayin harsuna sune yaruka, kamar su hudu da ake magana a tsibirin Arewacin Andaman:
## manazarta
Ivy Kellerman Reed

**Ivy Kellerman Reed** (8 ga Yuli, 1877 - 7 ga Fabrairu, 1968) marubuciya ce ta Amurka a cikin harshen Esperanto na duniya .

Wani ƙwararren masanin harshe tare da digiri huɗu na ilimi don aiki a cikin Latin, Girkanci, Sanskrit, da Farisa da kuma rabin harsuna na zamani, Reed ya kasance mai ƙwazo Esperantist.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Ivy Kellerman a Oskosh, Wisconsin, 'yar William A. Kellerman da Stella V. Denniss Kellerman . Ta kammala karatu a Jami'ar Jihar Ohio, inda ta kasance memba na Delta Delta Delta . Ta sami digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar Cornell da Ph.D. magna cum laude daga Jami'an Chicago . Ta kuma kammala digiri na shari'a daga Kwalejin Shari'a ta Washington . 

## Ayyuka
Reed ya rubuta harshe biyu don Esperanto. Cikakken Grammar na Harshen Duniya, wanda aka buga a 1910, jarrabawar ƙamus ne na Esperanto da aka yi niyya ga ɗaliban jami'a da kwaleji, musamman idan suna so su ci gaba da koyon wasu harsuna. The Practical Grammar of the International Language, wanda aka fara bugawa a 1915,  wanda ya gudana zuwa bugu da yawa, an yi niyya ne ga jama'a.

Reed shine mai fassara tare da Ralph A. Lewin, na sanannen Esperanto na *Winnie-the-Pooh* . Ta kuma fassara Shakespeare's As You Like It, wasan kwaikwayo na farko da aka ba da shi a taron Esperanto na Duniya na shida a Washington DC a 1910.

Ta yi aiki a matsayin edita na American Esperantist, kuma ta kasance babban mai ba da kuɗi na Delta Delta daga 1900 zuwa 1902. Ta yi tafiya a kalla biyu a cikin kuri'un zabe a Washington, DC, a cikin shekara ta 1913. 

## Littattafai

* Cikakken Tsarin Esperanto

## Fassara

* *""*, (1911) fassarar *Sarkin Kogin Zinariya* ta John Ruskin
* *"Kiel Pla trial al Vi"*, (1910) fassarar As You Like It ta William Shakespeare
* *""*, (wanda aka buga a 1972) fassarar *Winnie-the-Pooh* ta A. A. Milne

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Ivy Kellerman ta auri Edwin C. Reed a shekara ta 1909. Ta mutu a La Jolla, California a 1968, tana da shekaru 90.

## Manazarta
Guaicuruan languages

**Guaicuruan** (Guaykuruan, Waikurúan, Guaycuruano, Guaikurú, Guaicuru, Guayakuruana) iyali ne na harshe da ake magana a arewacin Argentina, yammacin Paraguay, da Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul). Masu magana da harsunan galibi ana kiransu da Mutanen Guaycuru. Ga mafi yawanci, Guaycuruans sun zauna a cikin Gran Chaco kuma sun kasance makiyaya da yaƙi, har sai a ƙarshe ƙasashe daban-daban na yankin suka mamaye su a karni na 19.

## Dangantakar kwayar halitta
Jorge A. Suárez ya haɗa da Guaicuruan tare da Charruan a cikin wani nau'in *Waikuru-Charrúa*. Morris Swadesh ya haɗa da Guaicuruan tare da Matacoan, Charruan, da Mascoian a cikin *Macro-Mapuche* stock. Dukkanin shawarwari sun zama tsofaffi.

## Rarrabawar iyali
Akwai bambancin binary tsakanin Arewacin Guaicuruan (Kadiwéu) da Kudancin Guaicuru bisa ga Nikulin (2019).  Sau da yawa ana rarraba harsunan Guaicuruan / Waikurúan kamar haka:

Lyle Campbell (2012) ya rarraba Guachi da Payagua kowannensu a matsayin harshe mai zaman kansa.

Harriet Klein ta yi jayayya da zaton cewa Kadiweu Guaicuruan ne. Yawancin wasu sun yarda da shigar da Kadiweu cikin iyali. Mbayá sun shawo kan Guachi. Kamancin da ke tsakanin yaren Mbayá na iya zama saboda aro maimakon dangantakar iyali.

### Mason (1950)
Rarrabawar cikin gida na yarukan Guaicuruan ta Mason (1950): 

Harsunan Guaicuruan masu yiwuwa ko masu shakka da Mason ya lissafa (1950):

## Kalmomin kalmomi
Loukotka (1968) ya lissafa abubuwa masu mahimmanci na asali don yarukan Guaicuruan.

## Manazarta
Edward Kimbark

**Edward Wilson Kimbark** (21 ga Satumba, 1902 - 7 ga Fabrairu, 1982) sanannen injiniyan wutar lantarki ne kuma farfesa a fannin Injiniyan lantarki a Jami'ar Arewa maso Yamma.

An haifi Kimbark a Birnin Chicago, Illinois ga Edward Hall da Maude (Wilson) Kimbark . A cikin 1920 Kimbark ya shiga Jami'ar Arewa maso Yamma inda ya sami B.S. a 1924 da E.E. a 1925. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi aiki na shekaru biyu a matsayin mai aiki da kuma mataimakin dakin gwaje-gwaje na Kamfanin Ayyukan Jama'a na Arewacin Illinois a Evanston, kuma na shekaru biyu yana matsayin malami a Jami'ar California, Berkeley.

Ya zama Mataimakin Mai Kula da Gidan Tarihi na Kimiyya da Masana'antu na Chicago, Sashen Wutar Lantarki, a cikin 1929. Bayan shekaru hudu a wannan aikin, Kimbark ya yanke shawarar komawa karatunsa. Ya shiga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts, ya sami SM a 1933 da Sc. D. a cikin 1937. Yayinda yake a MIT Kimbark ya fara rubuta labarai da littattafai, wanda zai ci gaba da yin duk rayuwarsa.

Kimbark ya fara koyarwa ba da daɗewa ba bayan ya sami Sc. D., farawa a Cibiyar Polytechnic ta Brooklyn. A shekara ta 1939 ya koma Arewa maso Yamma don koyarwa. A nan ne ya zama shugaban sashen wasan kwaikwayo, ya gyara kuma ya koyar daga littafin da ake kira "Principles of Radar" a Makarantar Radar ta MIT.

A cikin 1950 Kimbark ya koma Brazil don taimakawa wajen fara shirin injiniyan lantarki a Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica São Paulo . Ya koyar da injiniyan tsarin wutar lantarki na shekaru biyar masu zuwa, ta amfani da nasa matani na harshen Ingilishi amma yana ba da lacca da gudanar da gwaje-gwaje a cikin Portuguese mai koyar da kansa.  (Ya kuma kasance mai ƙwarewa a Faransanci, Jamusanci, da Rasha, kuma ya kasance mai goyon bayan Esperanto na dindindin.) 

Kimbark ya koma Amurka a 1955 don matsayi a Jami'ar Seattle a matsayin Dean na Makarantar Injiniya. Yayinda yake a Jami'ar Seattle ya kuma zama mai ba da shawara ga Hukumar Kula da Wutar Lantarki ta Bonneville a Portland, Oregon . A cikin 1962 Kimbark ya fara aiki ga BPA na cikakken lokaci a matsayin shugaban Network Analog Group.

Matar Kimbark ta farko Ruth ta mutu a shekara ta 1976. Ya yi ritaya daga aikin cikakken lokaci a BPA a wannan shekarar. Ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga BPA har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1982. Matarsa ta biyu Iris ce ta mutu.

## Ayyuka

* "Sadarwar Wutar Lantarki da Sigina" (1955) 
* "Tsarin Tsarin Ikon" (1948) 
* "Sadarwar A halin yanzu kai tsaye" (1971) 
* "Ka'idodin Radar"

## Manazarta
Boris Kolker

**Boris Grigorevich Kolker** (Russian; an haife shi a ranar 15 ga Yuli, 1939, a Tiraspol, Moldavian ASSR, Tarayyar Soviet) malamin harshe ne, mai fassara kuma mai ba da shawara ga harshen Esperanto na duniya. Ya kasance har zuwa 1993 ɗan ƙasar Soviet da Rasha kuma tun daga wannan lokacin ya kasance mazaunin Amurka da ke zaune a Cleveland, Ohio. A shekara ta 1985 an ba shi Ph.D. a cikin ilimin harshe daga Cibiyar Nazarin Harshe ta Kwalejin Kimiyya ta USSR a Moscow.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Dokta Kolker ya koyi Esperanto a shekara ta 1957 kuma shine marubucin labarai game da Interlinguistics, sake dubawa na littattafai da shahararrun littattafan Esperanto guda uku ga ɗalibai na matakai daban-daban. Saboda babban shahararren littafinsa eo:Vojaĝo en Esperanto-lando (Tafiye-tafiye a Esperanto-Land), wanda duka darasi ne na ƙwarewa a Esperanto da kuma littafin jagora ga al'adun Esperanto, an san shi da yawa a matsayin jagora ga Esperanto- Land. 

Kolker memba ne na Kwalejin Esperanto,  memba ne mai daraja na Ƙungiyar Esperanto ta Duniya (Universala Esperanto Asocio), kuma mataimakin edita na mujallar *Monato* ta kowane wata . Shekaru ashirin ya jagoranci babban darasi na Esperanto a Rasha wanda ya kammala karatun dalibai 900. Ya kuma koyar da Esperanto a jami'o'in Amurka a San Francisco da Hartford .

A halin yanzu yana gudanar da Darasi na Kasuwanci na Kasuwancin Kasuwanci kuma shi ne Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar Bincike ta Duniya don Ƙungiyar Malaman Esperanto ta Duniya (ILEI). A lokuta daban-daban ya kasance memba na kwamitin jagora na Ƙungiyar Esperanto ta Duniya (Universala Esperanto Asocio), co-kafa da kuma co-shugaban kungiyoyin Esperanto na ƙasa a Tarayyar Soviet da Rasha. Ya ba da lacca kuma ya yi magana a fili a taron duniya da yawa na Esperanto kuma a cikin 2000 ya jagoranci taken taron duniya na 85 na Esperanto a Tel-Aviv.

## Manazarta
Gloria Allen

**Gloria Allen** (Oktoba 6, 1945 - Yuni 13, 2022) 'Yar fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ce ' yar Amurka wadda ke gudanar da makarantar koyar da ilimin halayyar matasa masu canza jinsi a Cibiyar Chicago da ke Halsted . 

YMakarantar Allen ta ɗauki shekaru kaɗan ne kawai - ba a biyanta albashi, kuma sau da yawa tana amfani da kuɗinta don shirya abincin ɗalibai - amma ta zaburar da wani wasan kwaikwayo mai suna Charm, na Philip Dawkins. An rubuta abubuwan da ta fuskanta a cikin fim ɗin shirin gaskiya, Mama Gloria .

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Allen a Bowling Green, Kentucky, amma ta girma a Chicago . Ita ce babbar 'ya'ya takwas, mahaifiyarta ita ce Alma Dixon, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo kuma tsohuwar mujallar *Jet* ce mai zaman kanta. Ta koma Stonewall tare da goyon bayan mahaifiyarta Alma da kakarta, Mildred, mai dinki ga masu dinki da masu yanke gashi.   "Mahaifiyata ta ce ta san kuma ta san lokutan wahala da suka same ni, amma ta ce mini, 'Idan kana da wata matsala, za ka iya zuwa wurina.' Kuma na yi," in ji Allen a cikin shirin LGBTQ&amp;amp;A .  "A lokacin, 'yan matan trans sun fi sadaukar da kansu ga juna, suna taimaka musu, suna nuna musu abubuwan da suke buƙatar sani. Na koya daga hakan kuma na koyi abubuwa da yawa daga tsofaffin tsara, yadda ake yin ado, yadda ake mu'amala da su...Suna kula da ni."  Iyayen Allen ba su yi aure ba kuma ba ta da kusanci sosai da mahaifinta na asali. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Ta zauna da wani saurayi mai cin zarafi tsawon shekaru goma. Allen ya harbi saurayinta, inda ya raunata shi, amma bai taɓa kai rahoto ga hukumomi ba.  An ruwaito cewa tana da hannu a cikin wasu munanan halaye. 

## Sana'a
Allen ya yi aiki a Asibitin Jami'ar Chicago a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya mai lasisi sannan kuma a gidaje masu zaman kansu a matsayin mataimakiyar ma'aikaciyar jinya. 

## Kyaututtuka
A shekarar 2014, Allen ta sami kyautar Living Legend Award a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Trans 100 daga masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam Janet Mock da Precious Brady-Davis . A shekarar 2021, ta sami kyautar Carmen Vázquez Award don ƙwarewa a jagoranci kan batutuwan tsufa daga SAGE, wata ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ga dattawan LGBTQ, a taron Ƙungiyar Ƙirƙirar Canji ta Ƙasa ta LGBTQ. 

## Mutuwa
Ta mutu a ranar 13 ga Yuni, 2022, sakamakon matsalar numfashi a lokacin barcinta    a gidanta da ke Townhall Apartments da ke Chicago, wani wurin zama na tsofaffi na LGBTQ .  

## Manazarta
Iona Allen

**Iona Tolliver Allen** (17 ga Mayu, 1937 - 15 ga Yuli, 2003 ) diki ce 'yar Amurka wacce ta taimaka wajen ƙirƙira da ƙirƙirar kayan sararin samaniya don ayyukan sararin samaniya da yawa na NASA a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar diki ta ILC Dover .  Ta ƙera takalman da Neil Armstrong ya sa lokacin da ya fara tafiya a kan Wata, kuma ta yi aiki a kan wasu riguna na Extravehicular Mobility Unit don 'yan saman jannati a cikin shirin Sararin Samaniya .  

## Sana'a
Allen ta yi aiki a International Latex Corporation (ILC) a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar masu dinki ta ILC Dover .  ILC ta yi kwangila da NASA don gina kayan sararin samaniya don shirin Apollo da shirin Sararin Samaniya.  Allen ya yi aiki a kan waɗannan shirye-shiryen guda biyu. Ƙungiyar masu dinki ta ILC Dover, ciki har da Allen, tana da ci gaba da ba da gudummawa ga ƙirar kayan 'yan saman jannati.  

Allen da kansa ya ƙera takalman da Neil Armstrong ya saka lokacin da ya fara tafiya a kan Wata .    Gina takalman Armstrong ya ɗauki makonni.  Sun ƙunshi layuka goma sha uku, kowannensu dole ne a dinka shi da kyau kuma a duba shi.  Takalman, da kuma rigunan sararin samaniya na Apollo A7L da A7LB da ƙungiyar Allen ta ƙirƙira, ba su fuskanci manyan matsaloli ba a duk lokacin da suke amfani da su.  Wani mai tsara sutturar sararin samaniya ta ILC a lokacin ya ce game da Allen: "Ita kaɗai ce ta taɓa yin takalma masu kyau." 

Allen tana ɗaya daga cikin mata baƙaƙe da yawa da suka yi aiki a wannan ƙungiyar da aka haɗa.   Ta yi aiki a ILC tsawon shekaru ashirin da tara.  Ta yi ritaya a shekarar 1998, kodayake daga baya ta je aiki a Draperies da sauransu

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An haifi Allen a Virginia a shekarar 1937, kuma sunan haihuwarsa Iona Tolliver. Tana da 'yan'uwa mata uku da 'yan'uwa maza biyu.Ta auri Sam Allen kuma ta haifi ɗa ɗaya. Ta shiga NAACP kuma Mashaidin Jehobah ne . Ta mutu tana da shekaru 66, a ranar 15 ga Yuli, 2003.

## Manazarta
Mary Hayes Allen

**Mary Hayes Allen** malamar makaranta ce 'yar Amurka. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Kwalejin Tauhidi ta Virginia daga 1906 zuwa 1908.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Mary Rice Hayes-Allen a ranar 2 ga Maris, 1875, a Harrisonburg, Virginia.  Ita 'yar baƙar fata ce ga tsohon bawa Malinda Rice kuma tsohon janar na rundunar sojojin ƙasa, John R. Jones . Malama ce, mai gudanarwa, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a, a fafutukar daidaiton launin fata da "cikakkiyar 'yanci". Ta kammala karatunta a Kwalejin Tunawa da Hartshorn .  

A shekarar 1895, ta auri malamar makaranta kuma shugaban makarantar koyon addini ta Virginia da kuma kwalejin Gregory W. Hayes . Sun haifi 'ya'ya bakwai, biyar sun tsira daga jarirai. 

Gregory W. Hayes shine shugaba na biyu na Kwalejin Tiyoloji da Kwalejin Virginia (wanda yanzu Jami'ar Virginia ta Lynchburg ce ) kuma fitaccen shugaba a cikin al'ummar Baƙar fata Baptist, musamman a birnin Richmond da jihar Virginia. Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaba daga 1891 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1906. Mary Rice Hayes, malamar makaranta ce a makarantar. Kullum tana da hannu sosai a cikin aikin mijinta, wanda ya shirya ta ta zama shugabar riƙo ta makarantar nan da nan bayan mutuwar mijinta. Naɗin da aka yi mata ya sanya ta zama shugabar makaranta ta 3, kuma mace 'yar Afirka ta farko da ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar wata kwaleji a Amurka. Mary Rice Hayes ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Kwalejin Tiyoloji da Kwalejin Virginia daga 1906 zuwa 1908 lokacin da James Robert Lincoln Diggs ya karɓi mulki.  

A shekarar 1911, sunanta ya canza zuwa Mary Rice Hayes-Allen, bayan aurenta da lauya William Patterson Allen, wanda ta haifi 'ya'ya uku da shi. Ma'auratan sun zauna a Montclair, New Jersey a shekarar 1920. Sun kai ƙarar rashin daidaito a tsakanin launin fata a makarantun yankin, inda suka yi faɗa a kan rashin nasara a yaƙin da suke yi na kawar da wariya daga makarantar gwamnati ta Montclair.  Duk da cewa ƙarar da suka shigar ta kafa harsashin ƙarar da za ta biyo bayan nasu wanda ya tilasta wa Hukumar Makarantar Montclair kawar da wariya. Mary ta taimaka wajen kafa wani babi na gida na Ƙungiyar Ƙasa don Ci Gaban Mutane Masu Launi (NAACP) a Lynchburg, Virginia a shekarar 1913. Daga nan ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimakawa wajen sake kafa babin a shekarar 1918.  Ta kasance mai himma a babin Montclair na ( NAACP ) a shekarun 1920 zuwa 1930. Ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatariya, daga baya kuma ta zama shugabar ta, ofishin da ta riƙe har zuwa lokacin mutuwarta.   Bugu da ƙari, ta yi shekaru 9 tana aiki a matsayin shugabar ƙungiyar YWCA ta garin Montclair. Ta mutu a ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 1935.  

Yarta, Carrie Allen McCray, ta rubuta tarihin rayuwar mahaifiyarta mai taken Freedom's Child: The Life of a Confederate General's Black Daughter, wanda Algonquin Books ta buga a shekarar 1998.

A shekarar 2018, Gidauniyar Virginia Capitol ta sanar da cewa sunan Hayes Allen zai kasance a cikin bangon girmamawa na gilashin abin tunawa da mata na Virginia . 

## Manazarta
Masallacin Al-Aga

**Masallacin Al-Aga**  shine mafi tsufa a Kosovo . Yana cikin Sharr kuma an gina shi a shekarar 1289.  

A cewar majalisar al'ummar Musulunci da ke Dragash, a shekarar 1995 sun sami takardar aiki daga ofishin Mufti na birnin Aleppo, a Siriya, inda ta bayyana cewa wata iyali mai suna Al-Aga ta yi ƙaura daga Aleppo zuwa tsoffin yankunan Yugoslavia, musamman a yankin da aka sani da Mlika. Wannan iyali, a cewar wannan takarda, sun fara ƙaura a shekarar 1095 kuma sun ci gaba har zuwa 1291.  Ahmed Agha ne ya gyara masallacin a shekarar 1822. 

Wannan masallaci yana yankin kudancin Kosovo kuma an sake gina shi sau da yawa a tarihinsa, godiya ga gudummawar da al'umma suka bayar. Har yanzu yana aiki kuma yana ba da ayyuka kamar sallar Juma'a .

## Manazarta
Susan E. Cannon Allen

**Susan E. Cannon Allen** (26 ga Mayu, 1859) 12 ga Mayu, 1935)  ta kasance Baƙar fata-Amurka mai ra'ayin mazan jiya kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a daga Illinois. Ta yi aiki a mukamai da dama na zartarwa a ƙungiyoyin mata daban-daban kuma ta shiga cikin ayyukan kulab a matakin gida da jiha. 

## Rayuwar kai da ilimi
An haifi Cannon Allen a Galesburg, Illinois, ga James da Clarissa Richardson Cannon, kuma ita ce 'yarsu tilo. Kakanninta, Thomas da Susan Richardson, sun zo gundumar Knox daga Kentucky ta hanyar Jirgin Ƙasa na Ƙasa . 

Ta halarci makarantun Monmouth da nufin koyar da harsunan ƙasashen waje amma ba ta ƙare da yin hakan ba. Madadin haka ta ci gaba da aikin mishan a Cocin United Presbyterian da ke Galesburg, Illinois. 

Daga baya, a shekarar 1877 ta auri John R. Allen wanda ya daɗe yana da shekaru 56 har ya mutu a shekarar 1933. Suna da 'ya'ya ashirin tare, takwas ne kawai suka tsira har zuwa lokacin da suka girma.   &#x5B; *nbsp;ana buƙata* &#x5D;

## Aikin Al'umma da Zaɓen 'Yan Takara
Susan E. Cannon Allen tana da sha'awar ɗaga darajar wasu 'yan Afirka-Amurkawa da kuma yin ayyukan al'umma. Ƙungiyoyin mata sun ba Allen da wasu damar haɓaka ƙwarewar jagoranci, kare haƙƙin mata da adalci na launin fata, da kuma yi wa al'ummominsu hidima.  Daga 1910 zuwa 1911 ta kasance mataimakiyar shugabar ƙungiyar Autumn Leaf Club wacce take ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin ƙungiyar mata masu launi a Illinois, kuma tana cikin Galesburg.  Eva Solomon ta kafa ƙungiyar Autumn Leaf Club a watan Yunin 1890 don tara kuɗi don cocin Allen Chapel AME na gida. Ƙungiyar ta dogara ne akan hidimar al'umma kuma manufarta ta ta'allaka ne akan taken ƙungiyar "ƙaunaci juna."  Susan E. Cannon Allen tana ɗaya daga cikin membobin farko ashirin da huɗu na haya.  &#x5B; *nbsp;ana buƙata* &#x5D;

Ta taimaka wajen kafa ƙungiyar Women's Progressive Club a shekarar 1909 tare da wasu mata ashirin da huɗu. Susan ta kasance amintacce, mai kula da ƙungiyar kuma shugabar ƙungiyar. A matsayinta na ƙungiya, galibi suna yin ayyukan agaji ga tsofaffi da talakawa. 

## Mutuwa
Ta rasu a ranar 12 ga Mayu, 1935, a gidan iyayenta da ke lamba 1412 Mulberry Street bayan rashin lafiya ta shekara guda.

## Manazarta
Alicka Ampry-Samuel

**Alika Ampry-Samuel** (an haife ta a ranar 6 ga Mayu, 1976) lauya ce kuma 'yar siyasa 'yar Amurka. 'Yar Democrat, ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Birnin New York a gundumar 41. Gundumar ta ƙunshi sassan Bedford-Stuyvesant, Ocean Hill-Brownsville, East Flatbush, Crown Heights a Brooklyn .

A cikin wani yanayi na rashin jin daɗi, Ampry-Samuel ya sha kaye a zaɓensa a shekarar 2021 ta hannun Darlene Mealy, tsohuwar 'yar Majalisar da Ampry-Samuel ya gaje ta shekaru huɗu da suka gabata. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Ampry-Samuel a ranar 6 ga Mayu, 1976 a Brownsville, ɗaya daga cikin unguwannin da suka fi talauci a Brooklyn.  Ta kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina A&amp;amp;T da Makarantar Shari'a ta CUNY . 

## Sana'a
Ampry-Samuel ya fara tsayawa takarar Majalisar Birni a shekarar 2005, amma ya sha kaye a hannun Darlene Mealy a zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat. 

Kafin ya zama shugaban gwamnati, Ampry-Samuel ya yi aiki a matsayin ƙwararren mai kare yara tare da Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan Yara ta NYC.

Daga 2012 zuwa 2014, a lokacin da ta yi aiki a Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka da ke Ghana, ta yi aiki a matsayin ƙwararriyar mai ba da shawara kan harkokin sadarwa da wayar da kan jama'a ga Hukumar Ci Gaban Ƙasashen Duniya ta Amurka, sannan daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan haƙƙin ɗan adam a Ofishin Siyasa na Ofishin Jakadancin. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan harkokin siyasa.  a matsayin Shugabar Ma'aikata ta Majalisar Dokoki ta Jiha Latrice Walker .  

### Majalisar Birnin New York
An takaita wa'adin mulki na ɗan majalisa Darlene Mealy a shekarar 2017 kuma ba ta iya sake neman wani wa'adi ba. Ampry-Samuel tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan Democrat tara da suka yi takarar maye gurbinta, kuma ta lashe zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat da kashi sama da kashi 31% na ƙuri'un.  Za ta ci gaba da lashe zaɓen gama gari a gundumar Democrat mai rinjaye da sama da kashi 95% na ƙuri'un. 

An rantsar da Ampry-Samuel a matsayin shugaban ƙasa a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2018.

### Gidaje da Ci Gaban Birane
An rantsar da Ampry-Samuel a matsayin Shugaban Yankin New York da New Jersey na Ma'aikatar Gidaje da Ci Gaban Birane ta Amurka a ranar 18 ga Janairu, 2022. 

## Manazarta
Masallacin Al-Aman Bahela Khatun

Masallacin **Al-Aman Bahela Khatun** masallaci ne da ke Belkuchi,  kudu maso gabashin Sirajganj a cikin Sashen Rajshahi na Bangladesh .  Masallacin masallaci ne na gargajiya wanda aka gina a kan , ko kuma 20 da rabi bighas, na ƙasa a gefen yamma na titin Sirajganj-Enayetpur a Mukandganti mahalla na unguwa ta 8 na yankin birnin Belkuchi.  

An kammala masallacin a salon Musulunci na Postmodern, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyau da kuma babban masallaci a Bangladesh. A watan Satumba na 2016, Mohammad Ali Sarkar na ƙauyen Mukundagati ya aza harsashin ginin Masallacin Al-Aman Bahela Khatun Jame da ke Belkuchi da sunan ɗansa Al-Aman da mahaifiyarsa Bahela Khatun. Ya gina masallacin da kansa, inda ya kashe sama da tiriliyan 30. Ya ɗauki shekaru huɗu yana ginawa. Matsakaicin ma'aikata 45 ne ke aiki kowace rana a ginin. 

## Tarihi
A watan Satumba na shekarar 2016, Mohammad Ali Sarkar, daga ƙauyen Mukundagati, ya aza harsashin ginin Masallacin Al-Aman Bahela Khatun Jame da sunan ɗansa Al-Aman da mahaifiyarsa Bahela Khatun a kan fili mai girman 2.5 a kudancin gundumar Belkuchi. Ya gina masallacin da kansa a kan kuɗin da ya kai sama da tiriliyan 30. Ya ɗauki shekaru huɗu yana ginawa. Tun daga farko, matsakaicin ma'aikata 45 ne ke aiki kowace rana. 

## Gine-gine
Masallacin yana da babban kumbo mai launin toka. Bugu da ƙari, benen an lulluɓe shi da fararen tayal kuma an lulluɓe ginshiƙai da marmara. A hawa na uku na masallacin akwai kumbo, a wasu wurare kuma akwai wasu fitilu masu haske. Akwai guda biyu  minarets a kowane gefe. Masallacin yana kewaye da ginshiƙai fari, manyan tagogi, fararen tayal da ciyawa kore a farfajiyar. 

## Duba kuma

* Musulunci a Bangladesh
* Jerin Masallatai a Bangladesh

## Manazarta
Harin Bam na Masallacin Abu Bakr na 2008 (Baku)

**Harin Bam na Masallacin Abu Bakr na 2008** ya faru ne a ranar 17 ga Agusta, 2008, lokacin da aka jefa gurneti ta taga masallacin Abu Bakr a tsakiyar Baku, Azerbaijan, yayin sallar magariba .   Mutane uku sun mutu, wasu goma sha ɗaya kuma suka jikkata.  Jami'an tsaron Azerbaijan sun zargi ƙungiyar Jihadi ta Derbent Jamaat da ke Rasha da kai harin  kuma suka ƙaddamar da Operation Eagle . 

## Bayani
A cewar rahoton shekara-shekara kan ta'addanci na ƙasa a shekarar 2008 na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, "Azerbaijan hanya ce mai ma'ana ga masu tsattsauran ra'ayi waɗanda ke da alaƙa da ƙungiyoyin ta'addanci". 

A cewar Reuters, Musulmai Sunni da Wahabiyawa suna amfani da masallacin. Kuma yayin da Azerbaijan ta ƙaddamar da bincike da dama kan Wahabiyawa a cikin 'yan watannin da suka gabata, hukumomin tsaro sun gano cewa Wahabiyawa da aka yanke wa hukunci kan wani yunƙurin ta'addanci a garin Sumgait suna da alaƙa da al-Qaeda .  Duk da cewa ayyukan Wahabiyawa a Azerbaijan ana ɗaukar su a matsayin abin da ke kawo cece-kuce, gwamnati ta ayyana cewa ba za a haramta ƙungiyoyin Wahabiyawa ba. 

Ofishin jakadancin Amurka da Isra'ila a Azerbaijan sun nuna damuwa game da lamarin.

## Bincike
An kafa kwamiti na musamman don gudanar da binciken. Masallacin ya kasance a rufe yayin binciken.

Ma'aikatar Tsaron Kasa ta Azerbaijan ta zargi shugabannin 'yan jam'iyyar Derbent da ke zaune a Rasha , Ilgar Mollachiyev daga Zagatala, da Samir Mehdiyev (Suleiman) da wasu gungun mutane da shirya harin da aka kai a Masallacin Abu Bakr da ke Baku. A shekarar 2007, an kama mambobi 17 na kungiyar a Sumgayit. Kamar yadda Ma'aikatar ta ruwaito, "Bisa ga shirinsu, dole ne a ƙirƙiri wata kungiyar 'yan ta'adda ta Sumgayit (wani rukunin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na sirri). Sun shirya fashi da makami da dama a Baku domin tattara kudaden yaki mai tsarki (Jihad)."   An kuma kai harin ne bayan harin, wanda jami'an tsaro na Azerbaijan suka kaddamar. 

## Manazarta
Masallacin Ikilisiya na Ulcinj

**Masallacin Ikilisiya na Ulcinj** wanda kuma ake kira Masallacin Imperial, Masallacin Halil Skura, Masallacin Kalaja ko Cocin St. Maria tsohon coci ne da masallaci da ke Ulcinj, Montenegro. 

## Tarihi
A lokacin mulkin Venetian, an gina Cocin St. Maria a Tsohon Gari a shekarar 1510, wanda aka mayar da shi masallaci, Masallacin Sultan Selim na Biyu da zarar Turkawa suka ci Ulcinj a shekarar 1571. A da, shine abin da ake kira *Xhamia Mbretrore* - Masallacin Daular, domin ba shi da wani Wakf da za a iya ba shi kuɗi a farko, don haka ana biyan ma'aikatansa daga kasafin kuɗin gwamnati . Hajji Halil Skura ya ƙara minaret a shekarar 1693 da aka yi da dutse mai kyau, a ƙasan, a kan tushe mai kusurwa huɗu, wanda aka ƙara kunkuntar a sama. Manufar addini ta wannan masallaci ta ƙare a shekarar 1880, lokacin da Montenegrins suka ci Ulcinj . Wannan ginin addini kuma yana da *[[Kuttab|maktab]]* . Duk shugabannin Ulcinj (kyaftin) za su taru a wurin idan dole ne a yanke shawara mai mahimmanci.  

Ginin yana ɗauke da gidan tarihi na garin.

## Manazarta
Renee Amoore

**Renee Amoore** RN (Janairu 24, 1953 - Mayu 5, 2020) ta kasance mai fafutukar kare lafiyar Amurka kuma ta kafa kuma shugabar The Amoore Group, Inc.  

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Amoore a Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, ga Juanita Ramsey, ma'aikaciyar gida kuma ma'aikaciyar jinya, da kuma John Ramsey, direban bas na makaranta. Tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan mata takwas a cikin iyali mai aiki. 

Ta halarci Makarantar Kula da Jinya ta Asibitin Harlem da ke birnin New York kuma ta zama babbar ma'aikaciyar jinya ta gaggawa a Asibitin Harlem. A shekarar 1979, Amoore ta sami digirin farko a Kwalejin Antioch yayin da take aiki a matsayin mai kula da shirye-shiryen dare da na dare a Asibitin Jagorancin Yara na Philadelphia. 

An ba Amoore digirin masters a fannin gudanarwa a shekarar 1982 daga Jami'ar Antioch. A wannan lokacin, Amoore tana aiki a matsayin mai kula da shirin asibiti na Kwalejin Wordsworth da ke Pennsylvania. Cibiyar Ayyukan Ci Gaba ta Philadelphia ce ta ɗauke ta aiki a shekarar 1986. 

A shekarar 1988, wata ƙungiya mai suna Growth Horizons, wacce ke gudanar da gidajen mutane masu fama da tabin hankali da matsalolin shan muggan kwayoyi, ta ɗauki Amoore aiki. A shekarar 1996, ta zama mataimakiyar shugabar kamfanin kuma babbar jami'ar gudanarwa.

A shekarar 1995, Amoore ya kafa Amoore Group a King of Prussia, Pennsylvania . Ƙungiyar Amoore kamfani ne na kula da lafiya da ba da shawara wanda ya ƙunshi Amoore Health Systems, 521 Management Group, da Ramsey Educational and Development Institute. 

An zaɓe ta a Kwamitin Jiha na Jam'iyyar Republican na Pennsylvania a shekarar 1992 kuma ta zama mataimakiyar shugabar kwamitin a shekarar 1996. 

Amoore ta koyar a matsayin farfesa mai taimako a Jami'ar Drexel, Jami'ar Antioch, da Jami'ar Lincoln. Amoore, wacce Ba'amurke Ba'amurke ce,  memba ce a NAACP, Mataimakin Legion na Amurka, kuma kwamitin ba da shawara na Gidan Tarihi na 'Yan Afirka na Amurka da ke Philadelphia . Ta yi aiki a matsayin diakoni a Cocin Saints Memorial Baptist kuma mai masaukin baki a wani shirin tattaunawa na al'umma na WHAT-AM. 

Lambobin yabo da girmamawa da ta samu sun haɗa da kyautar Artemis daga Majalisar Mata ta Tarayyar Turai da Amurka a Girka, kyautar Evelyn McPhail ga fitaccen ɗan fafutukar Republican na shekara, kyautar NAACP don Ayyukan Al'umma a Ilimi, da kuma kyautar Madam CJ Walker daga Coalition of 100 Black Women. Renee Amoore da mijinta, Joseph Amoore, suna da 'ya ɗaya, Cherie. 

Amoore ya yi jawabi a dare na uku na Babban Taron Jam'iyyar Republican a ranar 3 ga Satumba, 2008. 

Amoore ya mutu a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 2020, yana da shekaru 67.  

## Manazarta
Sunshine Anderson

**Sunshine Jocelyn Sian Anderson** (an haife ta a ranar 7 ga Yuni, 1974) ƙwararriyar mawakiyar Ramp;B ce kuma mawaƙiya daga Winston-Salem, North Carolina . An fi saninta da waƙarta ta 2001 mai suna " Heard It All Before ", wacce ta kai matsayi na 20 a cikin jerin  Hot 100 .

## Tarihin Rayuwa

### Farko
An haifi Anderson a Winston-Salem, North Carolina, kuma daga baya ta koma Charlotte . Wallace Sellars, abokiyar wani furodusa/ Mataimakin Shugaba Mike City, ta ji Anderson tana rera waƙa a kan hanyarta ta zuwa gidan cin abinci na Jami'ar North Carolina Central (inda ta sami digiri na BS a fannin shari'a) kuma ta gabatar da su biyun.  Daga nan, Macy Gray ce ke kula da Anderson yayin rikodin kundin waƙoƙinta na farko.    

### 1999–2002: ''Matar ku''
A shekarar 1999, Anderson ta sanya hannu da Atlantic Records . Anderson ta fitar da kundin wakokinta na farko, Your Woman a watan Afrilun 2001. Kundin ya fara fitowa a lamba ta 8 a kan Billboard 's Hot 200 da kuma lamba ta 2 a kan manyan jadawalin R&B . Wakar da ta fi shahara, "Heard It All Before," (wanda aka fitar a ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, 2001) ta kai matsayi na 18 a kan Billboard Hot 100 da kuma matsayi na 3 a kan jadawalin R&B. Wakar da ta biyo baya, "Lunch or Dinner," ta kai matsayi na 54 a kan jadawalin R&B . Kundin ya sami takardar shaidar zinare daga baya a wannan shekarar.

### 2004–2007: ''Rana a Tsakar dare''
A watan Agusta na 2004, Anderson ta sanya hannu kan sabuwar kamfanin wakokin Mathew Knowles Music World Entertainment .  A shekarar 2006, an fitar da wakarta ta farko a sabon kamfaninta, " Something I Wanna Give You " kuma ta kai matsayi na 80 a jadawalin Billboard R&amp;amp;B . An ɗauki bidiyon wakar a Los Angeles ta hannun darakta Gil Green. 

A ranar 23 ga Janairu, 2007, Anderson ta fitar da kundinta na biyu, *Sunshine at Midnight* . Kundin ya fara fitowa kuma ya kai matsayi na 86 a kan Billboard 200 da kuma lamba 16 a jadawalin R&B. Baya ga fitowar kundin, Anderson ta yi rangadin yawon shakatawa tare da mawaƙi Brian McKnight . Daga baya a wannan shekarar, an fitar da waƙoƙin da suka biyo baya kamar "Force of Nature" (#75 R&B) da "Wear The Crown". 

### 2010–yanzu: ''Rana Ta Sake Haskawa''
A watan Satumba na 2010, Anderson ta sanar a shafinta na Twitter cewa an saki sabuwar wakarta mai suna "Lie to Kick It" a rediyo. An fitar da kundin wakokinta na uku mai suna *The Sun Shines Again* a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba, 2010, a Verve Forecast Records. 

## Kundin Waƙoƙi

### Kundin waƙoƙin studio

### Marasa aure

## Manazarta
Carlett Brown Angianlee

Carlett Brown Angianlee (an haife shi a c. 1927 ) ta kasance tsohuwar jarumar sojojin ruwa ta Amurka a shekarun 1950, wacce, idan ta isa Turai, ita ce bakar fata ta farko da aka yi mata tiyatar tabbatar da jinsi .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Daga Pittsburgh, an haifi Angianlee  a matsayin Charles Brown.  Ta shiga rundunar sojojin ruwa a shekarar 1950 domin samun damar yin magani kan zubar jini daga dubura da hanci.  Yayin da take hidima, an gano ta a Asibitin Sojojin Ruwa na Amurka da ke Philadelphia saboda abin da aka bayyana a matsayin "mummunan rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa", tana son zama mace.  Gwaje-gwajen sun kuma haifar da gano "ƙwayoyin mata," wanda ke nuna cewa Carlett tana da alaƙa da jinsi .  Da yake adawa da shawarar likita na a cire su ta hanyar tiyata, Carlett ya yanke shawarar neman wani nau'in tiyata, wato tiyatar sake sanya jinsi. 

Angianlee ta fara rubuta wa likitocin tiyata a Jamus, Denmark, da Yugoslavia don ganin an yi mata tiyatar sake canza wurin jima'i. Dr. Christian Hamburger ta amsa, tana mai cewa ana buƙatar zama ɗan ƙasarta kafin a yi mata tiyata a Denmark.  Ta rubuta wa Ministan Shari'a na Yammacin Jamus Dr. Thomas Dehler kuma aka gaya mata haka.  A wani lokaci, ta shirya samun ɗan ƙasa kuma a yi mata tiyatar a Bonn, Jamus, ta fara da allurar hormone da cortisone.  Wani ɓangare na sha'awarta ta sauya sheka ya samo asali ne daga sha'awarta ta auri Sajent Eugene Martin, wanda ke aiki a Jamus a lokacin.   Tana da'awar dangantaka ta shekaru biyu da rabi da mutumin, ta ce "Za mu yi aure da zarar na zama mace bisa doka."  Da zarar ta fita daga rundunar sojojin ruwa, ta koma Boston inda ta sami abin rayuwa ta hanyar yin aiki a matsayin mai rawa mai rawa da kuma sayar da jininta da jininta.  

Tsakanin 18 zuwa 25 ga Yuni, 1953, Angianlee ta canza sunanta bisa doka zuwa Carlett Brown Angianlee, wacce ke aiki a Jamus.  Ta yi watsi da zama 'yar ƙasar Amurka kuma ta yi shirin tafiya Turai a jirgin ruwa a *SS Holland* a ranar 2 ga Agusta.   Da ta isa can, ta shirya alƙawarin likitoci don fara canjin aikinta.   Bayan kimanin wata guda, Agianlee ta yanke shawarar ɗage tafiyar domin a yi mata rangwamen dala $500 a birnin New York daga Dr. George JB Weiss.  A cikin wata mai zuwa, gwamnatin Amurka ta umarce ta da kada ta bar ƙasar har sai ta biya harajin dala $1,200.  Domin samun ƙarin kuɗi don biyan wannan kuɗin, ta sami aiki a matsayin mai dafa abinci a wata ƙungiyar 'yan uwanta ta Kwalejin Jihar Iowa .  Ba a san komai a bayan wannan batu game da ita ba, kuma ba a san ko ta taɓa zuwa Turai ba.

## Duba kuma

* Mutanen jinsi daban-daban da kuma aikin soja a Amurka
* Jerin mutanen da suka ɓace a ɓoye: 1910-1990

## Manazarta
Louise Archer

**Louise A. Reeves Archer** (23 ga Oktoba, 1893 - 1 ga Afrilu, 1948) malamar Amurka ce, shugabar makaranta, kuma mai fafutuka wacce ta yi fafutukar ilmantar da Baƙar fata 'yan Amurka a shekarun 1930 da 1940.  A wannan zamanin, shingayen launin fata sun takaita damar samun ilimi ga ɗalibi baƙar fata sosai. Waɗannan ɗaliban suna da ƙarancin albarkatu idan aka kwatanta da yaran fararen fata kuma galibi ana hana su ilimi bayan aji bakwai, koda kuwa azuzuwa goma sha biyu sun zama ruwan dare a wasu wurare.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Archer a Fayetteville, North Carolina, a shekarar 1893.  Ta girma a North Carolina kuma ta halarci Kwalejin Livingstone . Ta koyar makaranta a Gundumar Southampton, Virginia, inda ta auri Romulus C. Archer Jr. a shekarar 1915. Sun ƙaura zuwa Washington, DC, a shekarar 1922, kuma ta ci gaba da karatunta, daga baya ta sami digirin farko daga Kwalejin Jihar Morgan . 

## Sana'a a fannin ilimi

A shekarar 1922, Archer ta zama malami kuma shugabar makaranta a wani ɗaki ɗaya da aka ware a Vienna, Virginia, wanda aka fi sani da Makarantar Launi ta Vienna .  Archer sau da yawa tana jigilar yara zuwa makaranta da kanta kuma tana sadaukar da kanta don inganta ƙwarewar koyo. Ta kafa ƙungiyar iyaye da malamai don tara kuɗi don kayayyaki da sabon gini, wanda aka buɗe a shekarar 1939 tare da ɗakuna uku.

A shekarar 1941, ɗalibai, iyaye, da malamai sun tara dala $300, wanda ya biya kuɗin malamin kiɗa, kuɗin bas, kayan kicin, da kuma shigar da fitilun lantarki. Archer ta kuma kafa ɗaya daga cikin Gundumar Fairfax, ƙungiyoyin 4-H na farko na Virginia don 'yan Afirka, kuma ɗalibanta sun shiga ayyukan lambu don noman kayan lambu don abincin rana da aka shirya a makaranta.

Archer ta tabbatar da samun ingantaccen ilimi. Baya ga manhajar karatu, ta koyar da dinki, girki, kiɗa, da waƙoƙi ga ɗalibanta a aji na biyar zuwa bakwai, wanda a lokacin shine matakin ilimi mafi girma da ake da shi ga 'yan Afirka a yankin. 

## Mutuwa da gado
In 1948, Archer died of a heart attack while visiting family in Durham, North Carolina. She was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.

Bayan mutuwar Archer, iyalai sun yi kira ga gundumar da ta sake wa Makarantar Launi ta Vienna suna don girmama ta. An sake wa makarantar suna Makarantar Firamare ta Louise Archer a shekarar 1950.  Ana tunawa da ita saboda "ƙoƙarin da ta yi na inganta damarmakin da ɗalibanta ke da shi a shekarun 1920 da 1930". 

## Manazarta
Hattie Moseley Austin

**Hattie Moseley Austin** (  — 23 ga Afrilu, 1998  ) ƙwararriyar mai dafa abinci ce 'yar Amurka. Ita ce wadda ta kafa kuma mai gidan abinci na Hattie's Chicken Shack a Saratoga Springs, New York .

## Rayuwar farko da asalin mutum
Hattie Moseley Austin, wacce aka haifa a Hattie Gray a kusan shekara ta 1900 a Saint Francisville, Louisiana, ta rasa mahaifiyarta Lydia a lokacin haihuwa. Mahaifinta, Harry, ya rene ta, ta sami ƙarin tallafi daga Hattie Leopold, matar wani malamin addinin Kirista na gida wanda ya yi mata aiki a Lydia. Don girmama ta, an sanya mata suna bayan Mrs. Leopold. 

Daga baya ta koma New Orleans don makaranta sannan ta koma Chicago, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai dafa abinci ga AE Staley, wanda ya kafa kamfanin sarrafa masara na Staley. Staleys sun kula da gidaje a Chicago, Miami, da Saratoga Springs, kuma Hattie ta yi tafiya tare da su tsakanin birane. Wannan gogewar ta fallasa ta ga yanayi daban-daban na zamantakewa kuma ta taimaka wajen tsara ruhin haɗa kai da maraba wanda zai bayyana gidan abincinta na gaba. 

Hattie ta auri Willie Moseley sau biyu—na farko ta auri Willie Moseley, kuma bayan mutuwarsa a shekarar 1971, ta auri Bill Austin. 

Tarbiyarta ta Kudu ta yi tasiri ga salon girkinta, musamman ma kazar da aka soya ta da ta shahara, wadda ta zama alamar gadon girkinta. 

## Kafa Hattie's Chicken Shack
A shekarar 1938, Hattie ta zauna a Saratoga Springs na dindindin kuma ta buɗe Hattie's Chicken Shack a kan titin Federal Street da jarin dala $33. Gidan abincin da ke cikin unguwa mai gauraye da launin fata, yana ba da abincin da aka soya tare da abincin da New Orleans suka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi kamar jatan lande, scallops, da barbecue.

A lokacin Saratoga Springs ta shahara da rayuwar dare mai cike da nishaɗi, musamman a lokacin tseren bazara. Hattie tana gudanar da gidan abincinta awanni 24 a rana a cikin waɗannan watanni masu zafi, tana hidimar abokan ciniki daban-daban - daga masu kuɗi masu caca zuwa ma'aikata masu aiki tuƙuru daga Filin tsere na Saratoga. Hattie ta shahara da ciyar da duk wanda ke jin yunwa, ba tare da la'akari da iyawarta na biya ba. 

Gidan abincin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a titin Tarayya har zuwa shekarar 1968 lokacin da ƙoƙarin sabunta birane ya lalata unguwar. Daga nan Hattie ta ƙaura da gidan abincin zuwa titin Phila, inda har yanzu yake aiki a yau. Ta sayar da kasuwancin a shekarar 1993. 

## Duba kuma

* AE Staley

## Manazarta
Babban Masallacin Amedi

**Babban Masallacin Amadi** wanda kuma ake kira da **Babban Masallacin Amadiya**, masallaci ne a garin Amêdî, Kurdistan, Iraki .  An kafa shi a shekarar 1177 CE a zamanin mulkin Abbasiyawa, kuma an gyara shi sau da yawa a tsawon tarihinsa.

## Bayani
Babban minaret, wanda tsayinsa ya kai An gina masallacin a tsayin ƙafa  a lokacin mulkin Sultan Hussein al-Wali a ƙarni na 15 AD. Minaret ɗin yana ɗauke da matattakalar karkace wadda ta kai har samansa.  Sau da yawa ana kwatanta shi da minaret ɗin Babban Masallacin Al-Nuri da ke Mosul, wanda ya yi kama da lokacin ginin da wasu halaye kamar harsashi mai siffar murabba'i da tsarin silinda. A ƙarni na 18, an lalata kusurwoyin minaret a lokacin wani hari, kuma daga baya aka gyara shi bayan haka. A shekarar 1961, an kai hari kan masallacin da jiragen sama na gwamnatin Iraki waɗanda suka lalata sashin sama na minaret. Daga baya aka sake gina shi ta amfani da duwatsun asali. 

Masallacin ya ƙunshi harami da kuma kusurwoyi da dama da aka gina da filasta, laka da duwatsu.  Harami ya kasu kashi biyu; sashe na sama wanda Sultan Hussein ya gina, da kuma sashe na ƙasa wanda ɗakin addu'a ne ga mata. Masallacin gaba ɗaya yana da girman fili na  kuma yana iya ɗaukar masu ibada har zuwa 300.

Masallacin yana da wata makarantar tarihi wadda a da ita ce babbar cibiyar ilimi a garin. Makarantar tana koyar da kayan addini, ciki har da Fiqh da harshen Larabci . Sultan Hussein ne ya gyara ta. Yana da masallaci a kudu mai baka da kusurwoyi, da kuma ɗakin karatu wanda ke adana ayyukan da suka shafi Fiqh. 

## Hotunan Hotuna

Fayil:Minbar_of_Great_Mosque_of_Amedî.jpg|alt=Minbar of the mosque, currently at the Iraqi National Museum| Minbar na masallacin, wanda a halin yanzu yake a Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa na Iraki


## Manazarta
Regina Harris Baiocchi

**Regina Baiocchi** ( née haife ta a ranar 16 ga Yuli, 1956) mawakiyar Amurka ce, mai koyar da kiɗa, mai rubuta gajerun labarai da waƙoƙi.

## Rayuwa
Regina A. Harris ita ce ta uku cikin yara takwas da aka haifa a Chicago ga Elgie Harris Jr. da Lanzie Mozelle (Belmont) Harris. Ta fara koyon fasaha tun tana ƙarama, ta ɗauki darussan guitar tun tana da shekaru tara kuma ta fara rera waƙa tana da shekaru goma. Ta yi karatun kiɗa a makarantar sakandare da shirye-shiryen kiɗa na coci, kuma ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin kiɗa a shekarar 1978. Ta ci gaba da karatunta a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Illinois, Jami'ar Northwest, kuma ta kammala karatunta a Jami'ar New York da takardar shaidar hulɗa da jama'a a shekarar 1991 da kuma daga Jami'ar De Paul da digiri na biyu a fannin kiɗa a shekarar 1995. 

Ta auri Gregory Baiocchi a ranar 12 ga Yuli, 1975, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mawaƙi, marubuci, mawaƙi kuma malamar makarantar sakandare. Daga 1986 zuwa 1989, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai nazarin ingancin sauti na Kamfanin Telection Corporation, kuma daga 1989 zuwa 1994 a matsayin darektan hulɗa da jama'a na Ƙungiyar Tauhidin Katolika da ke Chicago. Bayan 2000, ta kasance malamar jami'a a Jami'ar Gabas-Yamma .

## Daraja da kyaututtuka

* Kyautar Mawaka da Masu Kula da Waƙoƙi ga *Teeter Totter*, da *Ghetto Child*, 1980s
* Kyautar Nasarar Adabi ta McDonald's, don *Wasiyyar Mama*, 1988
* Tallafin Majalisar Fasaha ta Illinois, 1995
* Kyautar Ƙungiyar Mawakan Chicago, 1995
* Tallafin Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago don *Gbeldahoven: Yaron Babu Kowa*, 1997
* Tallafin Shirin Masu Fasaha na Yankin Ƙasa don *Hannun Afirka*, 1997 

## Ayyuka
Ayyukan Baiocchi sun haɗa da waɗannan ayyukan:  
African Hands concerto for hand drums and orchestra, 1997
After the Rain for soprano saxophone, piano, bass, percussion, and drum kit,1994
Autumn Night for solo alto flute, 1991
Azuretta for piano, 2000
Chassé for B♭ Clarinet and piano, 1978
Communion for marimba, strings, and piano, 1999
Deborah for percussion and piano, 1994
Déjà Vu for solo piano, 1999
Doxology for organ, 2011–12
Equipoise by Intersection: Two Piano Etudes, 1979/1995
Feathers, Bowties for B♭ Clarinet, percussion, cello, and piano, 2009
Gullah Ghost Dances for cello, percussion, and piano, 2015
HB4A for piano, bass, drums, and saxophone, 2000
Karibu for B♭ clarinet, 2007
Legacy for piano, 1992
Liszten, My Husband is Not a Hat for piano, 1994/2009
Miles Per Hour for Bb or C trumpet, 1990
Muse for orchestra, 1997
Orchestral Suite, 1992
QFX for brass quintet, 1993
Realizations for string quartet, 1979
Sketches for piano trio, 1992
Skins for percussion, 1997

Voca music 

 
Ask Him for voice, piano, bass, and drums, 1999
B’Shuv Adonai for voice, violin, piano, and percussion, 1998
Belize for voice, alto sax, and jazz combo, 2001
Best Friends for vocal duet and piano, 1993
Black Voices for rapper, medium voice, piano, and drums, 1992
Bwana’s Libation for African dancers, medium voice, bass, and percussion, 1992
Crystal Stair for vocal duet and piano, 1992
Cycles vocal duet and piano, 1992
Dream Weaver for voice, alto sax, piano, bass, and drums, 1997
Waƙar Kayan Aiki:

## Manazarta