William de Longchamp

**William de Longchamp**  (ya mutu a shekara ta 1197) ya kasance tsohon shugaban gwamnati, Babban Mai Shari'a, da Bishop na Ely a Ingila. An haife shi ga dangi mai tawali'u a Normandy, ya bashi ci gabansa don samun tagomashin sarauta. Ko da yake marubutan zamani sun zargi mahaifin Longchamp da kasancewa ɗan ƙauye, amma ya riƙe ƙasa a matsayin jarumi. Longchamp ya fara bauta wa ɗan shege Geoffrey na Henry II, amma da bada jimawa ba  ya koma hidimar Richard I, magajin Henry. Lokacin da Richard ya zama sarki a 1189, Longchamp ya biya fam 3,000 don ofishin Chancellor, kuma ba da daɗewa ba aka nada shi ga mai gani, ko bishop, na Ely kuma Paparoma ya nada shi wakili .

Longchamp ya mulki Ingila yayin da Richard ke yakin Crusade na uku, amma dan'uwan Richard, John, ya kalubalanci ikonsa, wanda a karshe ya yi nasarar korar Longchamp daga mulki kuma daga Ingila. Dangantakar Longchamp da sauran manyan sarakunan Ingila ma ta yi tsami, wanda ya taimaka wajen bukatu na gudun hijira. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan tafiyar Longchamp daga Ingila, an kama Richard a kan hanyarsa ta komawa Ingila daga yakin crusa kuma Henry VI, Sarkin Roma Mai Tsarki ya riƙe shi don fansa.Longchamp ya yi tafiya zuwa Jamus don taimakawa wajen sasantawa da sakin Richard. Ko da yake Longchamp ya sake samun ofishin Chancellor bayan Richard ya koma Ingila, ya rasa yawancin ikonsa na farko. Ya tayar da gaba da yawa a tsakanin mutanen zamaninsa a lokacin aikinsa, amma ya riƙe amincin Richard kuma sarki ya ɗauke shi aiki har zuwa mutuwar bishop a shekara ta 1197. Longchamp ya rubuta rubutun kan doka, wanda ya kasance sananne a cikin tsakiyar zamanai na baya.

## Ginin farko da bayanan farkon rayuwa
Kakannin Longchamp sun samo asali ne a ƙauyen Longchamps, Normandy .  Kodayake an san cewa an haife shi a Normandy,  ba a san ainihin wurin ba, tare da watakila yana kusa da ƙauyen Norman na Argenton. Mahaifinsa, Hugh de Longchamp, shi ma yana da ƙasa a Ingila, kamar yadda sauran manyan Norman suka yi bayan Norman Conquest a 1066. Hugh Nonant - ɗaya daga cikin abokan adawar Longchamp - ya bayyana cewa dattijo Longchamp ɗan ƙauye ne, wanda da alama ba zai yuwu ba, kamar yadda Hugh de Longchamp ya bayyana yana riƙe da gidan haya a Normandy. Iyalin asali na asali ne masu tawali'u, amma sun tashi ta hanyar hidima ga Sarki Henry II.  Dattijon Longchamp kuma ya rike filaye a Herefordshire a Ingila, ciki har da manor na Wilton kusa da Ross a Wales.  Hugh ya auri wata mata mai suna Hauwa'u, dangin dangin Lacy . Masanin tarihi David Balfour ya nuna cewa Hauwa'u 'yar Gilbert de Lacy ce, ɗan Roger de Lacy, wanda Sarki William II ya yi gudun hijira a 1095 don tawaye.

Yar'uwar Longchamp, Richeut, ta auri castellan na Dover Castle .   Wata 'yar'uwa ta biyu, Melisend, ta zo Ingila tare da Longchamp, amma ba a sani ba.  An rubuta wata ’yar’uwa da ta auri Stephen Devereux, amma ko Melisend ce ba a sani ba. Daga cikin 'yan'uwan Longchamp, Osbert ya kasance ɗan boko, kuma yana bin yawancin ci gabansa ga William;  Stephen ya yi wa Sarki Richard I hidima a yakin crusa; Henry, wani ma'aikaci, ya zama sheriff tare da Osbert; kuma Robert ya zama sufi. Biyu daga cikin 'yan'uwan Longchamp sun zama abbats . 

Longchamp ya shiga rayuwar jama'a a ƙarshen mulkin Henry II, a matsayin jami'in ɗan sarki Geoffrey na shege.  Ba da daɗewa ba ya bar sabis na Geoffrey,  kuma ya yi aiki a cikin chancery na Henry II, ko ofishin rubutu, kafin ya shiga hidima tare da ɗan Henry Richard.  Richard, wanda shi ne Duke na Aquitaine a lokacin, mai suna Longchamp Chancellor na Duchy na Aquitaine .  Longchamp ya fara bambanta kansa a kotun Sarki Philip II na Faransa a birnin Paris a shekara ta 1189, lokacin da ya zama wakilin Richard a wata takaddama da William Marshal, wakilin Sarki Henry. A lokacin, Longchamp ya riga ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin amintattun mashawarcin Richard. 

## Chancellor da Justice

A lokacin da Richard ya hau gadon sarautar Ingila a 1189 Longchamp ya zama Chancellor na Ingila.  Longchamp ya biya fam 3,000 (£) don ofishin Chancellor. Wannan ya biyo bayan haɓakar farashin samun takardun izinin da aka hatimce tare da Babban Hatimin, wanda ya zama dole don tabbatar da su, watakila don taimakawa Longchamp ya dawo da farashin ofis. A majalisar da aka gudanar a Pipewell a ranar 15 ga Satumba 1189, Sarkin ya ɗaga Longchamp zuwa bishop na Ely .  Richard ya nada wasu bishop uku a lokaci guda: Godfrey de Lucy zuwa Winchester, Richard FitzNeal zuwa London, da Hubert Walter zuwa Salisbury .  An keɓe Longchamp a ranar 31 ga Disamba 1189  kuma aka naɗa shi a Ely a ranar 6 ga Janairu 1190. 

## Manazarta