open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Yana tafiya Pinkerfeld Amir

Anda Pinkerfeld Amir (Ibraniyawa; 26 Yuni 1902 - 27 Maris 1981) mawaki ne kuma marubucin Isra'ila. An fi tunawa da ita a Isra'ila a matsayin marubuciyar yara.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Anda Pinkerfeld a Rzeszów, Poland a cikin 1902. Mahaifinta ya yi aiki a matsayin masanin gine-gine ga gwamnatin Austro-Hungary.  Iyalinta ba su da addini, kuma ba su ba da ilimin Yahudawa ba. Bayan pogrom na Lwów (1918), ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar Hashomer Hatzair kuma ta sauya makarantu zuwa gidan motsa jiki na Yahudawa a Lwów. A shekara ta 1920 ta tafi Mandate Palestine tare da ƙungiyar Hashomer Hatzair, amma daga baya ta koma Lvov, don BA.

A wannan lokacin, ta auri Arieh Krampner-Amir, masanin noma. A shekara ta 1924, ma'auratan sun koma Falasdinu. Bayan sun zauna a Kibbutz Bet Alfa da Tel Aviv, daga ƙarshe sun zauna a Kiryat Anavim kuma suna da 'yar, Zippor da ɗa, Amos .

Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, Hukumar Yahudawa ta tura Pinkerfeld-Amir zuwa aiki a sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira a Jamus. Pinkerfeld-Amir ta ci gaba da rubuta abubuwan da ta samu a Turai. Daga baya ta yi aiki a cikin tarihin Ma'aikatar Tsaro, tana adana bayanan sojoji da suka fadi a yakin neman 'yancin kai na 1948. [1]

Pinkerfeld-Amir ya mutu a ranar 27 ga Maris 1981.

## Ayyuka
A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, Pinkerfeld-Amir ta rubuta kuma ta buga waka a yaren Poland. Bayan ta yi ƙaura zuwa Falasdinu, Uri Zvi Greenberg ya rinjaye ta kuma ta fara rubutu a Ibrananci. An buga aikinta na farko a cikin Ibrananci a cikin 1928 a ƙarƙashin sunan alkalami Bat-Hedva, ma'ana 'yar Hedva, sunan Ibrananci na mahaifiyarta.

Ta rubuta hotuna da yawa na haruffa na Littafi Mai-Tsarki, amma bayan abubuwan da ta samu a sansanonin a Jamus, aikinta ya zama mai son kasa. Ta kasance daga cikin marubutan farko da suka magance Holocaust, lokacin da yawancin marubutan suka guje wa batun.

An rubuta aikin da aka fi tunawa da ita ga yara;  a cikin rhyme da lyrics, da kuma rubuce-rubuce masu tsanani da ke taimaka wa yara su magance asarar.

## Kyaututtuka da girmamawa

* A shekara ta 1936, ta sami kyautar Cibiyar Bialik don littafinta na waƙoƙin yara. 
* A shekara ta 1971, an ba ta kyautar Hayim Greenberg don waƙarta.
* A shekara ta 1978, ta sami lambar yabo ta Isra'ila, don wallafe-wallafen yara.

## Manazarta
Bracha Qafih

**Bracha Qafih** wanda aka fi sani da **Bracha Kapach** (Ibraniyawa; 1922 - 26 Nuwamba 2013) ta kasance malamin Isra'ila, matar Rabbi Yosef Qafih, wacce aka ba ta Kyautar Isra'ila saboda aikinta na sadaka.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Bracha a Yemen, a cikin iyalin Saleh . Ta ƙaura dan uwanta na farko, Yosef Qafih, tana da shekaru goma sha ɗaya. Shekaru bakwai bayan haka, sun yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu tare da 'ya'yansu uku, daya daga cikinsu ya mutu a hanya. An haifi wani ɗa, Arieh, a Falasdinu.

## Ayyukan zamantakewa
Kamfanin Qafih na farko a kasar yana gudanar da bita na zane-zane wanda ke daukar mata 50 'Yan Yemen. Fiye da rabin karni, ta shirya kayan abinci na hutu ga mabukata na Urushalima. Dalibai masu sa kai ne suka shirya abincin kuma suka rarraba shi daga gidanta a Nahlaot. Qafih kuma ta tattara tsoffin rigunan bikin aure don ba da rance ga amarya daga iyalai matalauta.

## Kyaututtuka da karbuwa
A shekara ta 1999, an ba Kapach Kyautar Isra'ila saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga al'umma da Jihar Isra'ila. Kapach da mijinta su ne kawai ma'aurata da suka lashe kyautar Isra'ila.

A cikin 2018, an sake sunan titin da ke unguwar Urushalima ta Nahlaot don girmama ta, tare da mijinta.

Tarihin rayuwarta ya haɗa da littafin Danny Siegel na 1998 Munbaz II da Sauran Jarumai na Mitzvah da kuma tarihinsa na 2020 Radiance: Creative Mitzvah Living . An kuma bayyana shi a cikin aikin Ibrananci na 2005 da ake kira V'zot HaBracha (a zahiri: "kuma wannan albarka ce") na Yael Shai.[1] Har ila yau akwai Littafin yara na Ibrananci game da ita da mijinta da ake kira Ankei HaTorah Ve-haḤesed ("The Giants of Torah and Chesed") na Noam da Shira Nagrober, a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin "Gedolei HaUmah" ("Great Ones of the People").[2]

## Manazarta
Dencia

RepruDencia Sonkey, wanda aka fi sani da Dencia (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 1992) mawaƙan Kamaru ne / Najeriya, ɗan kasuwa / DJ / mai tsara kayan ado. An haife ta ne a Yaounde Kamaru ga mahaifiyar matashiya kuma kakanninta ne suka tashe ta a matsayin yaransu. Dencia daga baya ya koma Amurka a matsayin matashi. Ta fara aikinta a Hollywood ta hanyar nunawa a cikin bidiyon kiɗa na masu fasaha kamar Chris Brown, 50 Cent, Lady Gaga, da Ludacris . Dencia ta fitar da wakar ta farko "Beri Beri" a shekarar 2011.[1][2]

A matsayinta na mai zane, ta kirkiro siffofi ga masu fasaha kamar Nicki Minaj, Rihanna, Christina Milian, Lil" Mama da sauransu kuma an san ta da maganganun tufafinta da bayyanar ta a kan jan kafet a Billboard Music Awards, Grammys, da American Music Awards.

A cikin shekara ta 2012, Dencia ta ƙaddamar da layin kulawa na farko, Whitenicious, wanda ya haɗa da fatar da ke haskakawa da kuma haskakawa.

Dencia tun daga lokacin ta kirkiro alamomi ga wasu fitattun mutane kuma yanzu tana da alamomi 12 na fata a ƙarƙashin belinta da sunanta.

A shekara ta 2016, Dencia ta yi labarai a matsayin budurwa ta tauraron kwallon kafa Paul Labile Pogba yayin da suke da ƙarfi sosai a cikin ɗakin otal a Manchester.

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje

*
Rona Ramon

**Rona Ramon** (Ibraniyawa: רונה רמון; 16 ga Afrilu 1964 - 17 ga Disamba 2018) ta kasance mai fafutukar jama'a, mai tasiri na STEM kuma mai goyon bayan ilimi da ci gaban matasa a Isra'ila . Ramon ita ce gwauruwar Colonel Ilan Ramon, ɗan saman jannati na farko na Isra'ila, wanda ya mutu a bala'in Space Shuttle Columbia a shekara ta 2003.  Ita ce mahaifiyar Kyaftin Assaf Ramon, matukin jirgi a cikin Sojojin Sama na Isra'ila wanda aka kashe a hadarin horo a ranar 13 ga Satumba 2009. 

Bayan mutuwar mijinta da ɗanta, ta kafa Gidauniyar Ramon wacce ke aiki tare da yara Isra'ila masu ƙwarewa don bin mafarkin su.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Rona a Kiryat Ono, a ranar 16 ga Afrilu 1964, ga Isra'ila da Gila Bar-Siman-Tov . Iyayenta sun yi hijira daga Turkiyya a matsayin wani ɓangare na Youth Aliyah lokacin da suke da shekaru 15. Yayinda take matashiya, Rona ta ba da gudummawa a cikin ƙungiyar Scouts. Ta yi aiki a matsayin likitan asibiti a lokacin aikin soja.

Rona ta sadu da Ilan Ramon tana da shekara 22. Sun yi aure a shekara ta 1986 kuma suna da 'ya'ya hudu.

A shekara ta 1997 an zabi Ilan Ramon a matsayin ɗan saman jannati na farko na Isra'ila, kuma iyalin suka koma Houston, a shekara ta 1998, a matsayin wani ɓangare na horar da ɗan saman jannata da shirye-shiryen STS-107.

Ramon ya kasance mai warkarwa gaba ɗaya,  kuma ya ba da laccoci game da batun. Tana da digiri na farko a fannin maganin jiki daga Cibiyar Wingate da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin magani daga Jami'ar Lesley da ke Massachusetts. Ta ba da laccoci, bita da kuma jiyya na mutum game da jimrewa da rikici.

Bayan bala'in Space Shuttle Columbia, Ramon ya kirkiro Gidauniyar Ramon, yana inganta ilimi da jagoranci ga matasa a kusa da Isra'ila, yana ba da tallafin karatu da dama.[1] Wani shirin na Gidauniyar Ramon, Ramon Spacelab, yana bawa kungiyoyin dalibai damar gabatar da gwaji ga Tashar Sararin samaniya ta Duniya.[2]

Ramon ya kuma taimaka wajen gano mako-mako na sararin samaniya na Isra'ila, makon karshe na Janairu. Yana shirya abubuwa da yawa don inganta ilimin STEM. Masu tafi-da-gidanka da wakilan Hukumar sararin samaniya sun zo don shiga cikin waɗannan abubuwan, da kuma halartar taron shekara-shekara na Ilan Ramon . 

A matsayin wani ɓangare na bukukuwan Ranar Independence ta 68 ta Isra'ila, ta gudanar da fitilar a bikin hasken wuta na shekara-shekara a Dutsen Herzl .  A watan Yunin 2018 an ba ta lambar yabo ta girmamawa daga Technion, don nuna godiya ga shekaru da yawa na aiki da gudummawa ga al'ummar Isra'ila.

Ta mutu tana da shekaru 54 bayan doguwar gwagwarmaya da ciwon daji.

## Manazarta
Shoshana Persitz

Rosalia Gillelovna "Shoshana" Persitz (née Zlatopolsky; 16 Nuwamba 1892 - 22 Maris 1969), wanda aka fi sani da Shoshana Persitz (Ibraniyawa: שושנה פרסיץ), ta kasance mai fafutukar Zionist, malami kuma ɗan siyasan Isra'ila.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Rosalia Gillelovna Zlatopolsky  a shekara ta 1892 a Kiev a Daular Rasha (yanzu Ukraine), 'yar Hillel Zlatopulsky (1868-1932), shugaban Zionist, mai ba da agaji kuma wanda ya kafa Keren Hayesod, da matarsa, Fania (née Mirkin), mai gida. Hillel Zlatopolsky ya yi wa Faransa ado da umarnin Legion of Honor saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga kasuwanci. Dan uwan Persitz Moshe ya mutu a Isra'ila a shekara ta 1956. 

A shekara ta 1932, daya daga cikin ma'aikatansa, Leon Laval, ya kashe mahaifinta a birnin Paris, wanda daga baya ya kashe kansa.

Shoshana Persitz ta kasance Shugabar Kwamitin Kula da Tsarin Makarantar Janar da kuma Janar Zionists Women's Organization daga 1948 zuwa 1954. An zabe ta a Knessets na farko, na biyu da na uku na Janar Zionists kuma ta kasance shugabar Kwamitin Ilimi da Al'adu.

## Manazarta
Miriam Peretz

**Miriam Peretz** (Ibraniyawa; an haife ta 10 ga Afrilu 1954) malamar Isra'ila ce kuma mai magana da jama'a. Bayan mutuwar 'ya'yanta maza biyu yayin hidimarsu a cikin Sojojin Tsaro na Isra'ila, Peretz ta zama malami a kan addinin Zionism kuma tana rayuwa tare da asarar. Ta kasance mai karɓar Kyautar Isra'ila a cikin 2018, don nasarorin da ta samu a rayuwarta.

A watan Mayu 2021, Peretz ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta tsaya takarar Shugaban Isra'ila a Zaben 2021 a matsayin dan takara Mai zaman kansa. Ta ƙare ta rasa zaben ga Isaac Herzog, 26-87. 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Peretz ga iyayen Yahudawa na Maroko Yaakov Ohayon da Ito Vaknin a Casablanca, Maroko . A shekara ta 1963, iyalin suka bar Morocco kuma suka yi Aliyah zuwa Isra'ila. Bayan sun isa Isra'ila, sun zauna a Beersheba. Peretz ya ci gaba da samun digiri na farko a fannin adabi da tarihi daga Jami'ar Ben-Gurion ta Negev, sannan daga baya ya auri Eliezer Peretz a tsakiyar shekarun 1970. Bayan aurenta, ta koma Ofira, wani yanki na Isra'ila a Yankin Sinai, inda mijinta ya yi aiki a matsayin mai bincike na Ma'aikatar Lafiya kuma ta fara aiki a matsayin malami. Yayinda suke zaune a Ofira, iyalin suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu: Uriel da Eliraz . [1]

Bayan sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta Masar da Isra'ila, an mayar da yankin Sinai zuwa Masar a shekarar 1982, kuma an tilasta wa mazauna Isra'ila su sake komawa. Peretz da iyalinta sun fara komawa Giv'on HaHadasha, sannan daga baya zuwa Giv'at Ze'ev, duka mazaunan Isra'ila a Yammacin Kogin. Bayan sake komawa, Peretz ya sami 'ya'ya hudu: Hadas, Avichai, Elisaf, da Bat-El. A Giv'at Ze'ev, Peretz ya zama shugaban makarantar Isra'ila ta farko a ƙauyen.

## Magana a fili

A shekara ta 1998, an kashe ɗan fari na Peretz Uriel Peretz a lokacin wani kwanto a Kudancin Lebanon. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan mutuwarsa, mijin Peretz Eliezer ya kamu da mummunar cuta kuma daga baya ya mutu. A shekara ta 2010, an kashe ɗan Peretz na biyu Eliraz Peretz a cikin rikice-rikicen Isra'ila da Gaza na Maris 2010. 

Bayan rasuwar 'ya'yanta maza biyu na fari da mijinta, Peretz ta zama mai magana da jama'a kan batutuwan da suka shafi addinin Zionism da jimre da asarar, tana ba da lacca ga matasa da sojojin Sojojin Tsaro na Isra'ila. A shekara ta 2011, ta fitar da littafin *Shirat Miriam*, wanda ke ba da labarin rayuwarta. A cikin shekara ta 2014, an zaɓi Peretz don kunna fitilar a bikin Ranar Independence ta Isra'ila ta 66. A shekara ta 2016, ta sami digirin digirin girmamawa daga Jami'ar Bar-Ilan .  A cikin 2018, Peretz ya sami Kyautar Isra'ila don nasarorin rayuwa, wanda aka dauka a matsayin mafi girman girmamawar al'adu da Isra'ila ta bayar.  

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Peretz ya ci gaba da zama a Giv'at Ze'ev . A halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin shugabar cibiyar ilimin malamai a cikin Society and Youth Directorate a Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Isra'ila . 

## Manazarta
Ruth Rasnic

**Ruth Rasnic** (Ibraniyawa; an haife ta a shekara ta 1932) 'yar gwagwarmayar zamantakewa da siyasa ce ta Isra'ila a gwagwarmaya da tashin hankali a cikin gida a Isra'ila, marubuciya kuma mai fassara. Rasnic ta lashe Kyautar Isra'ila a shekara ta 2009 saboda aikin rayuwarta.

## Shekaru na farko
An haifi Rasnic (née Lask) a Urushalima kuma ta yi yarinta a can da Tel Aviv . A lokacin da take da shekaru 14 ta shiga Etzel, kuma bayan shekaru biyu ta shiga ƙungiyar matasa a kibbutz Ruhama . Ta yi aiki a cikin Sojojin Sama na Isra'ila, kuma daga baya ta yi aiki a ofishin jakadancin Isra'ila a London. Ta koma Isra'ila a shekara ta 1956, bayan mutuwar dan uwanta a cikin aikin.

## Yunkurin fafutuka
A shekara ta 1977, ta kafa L.O. Combat Violence Against Women,  wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da aka sadaukar da ita don yaki da tashin hankali a kan mata, wanda ta kasance darakta mai biyan kuɗi na shekaru 34, daga 1977 zuwa 2011, shekarar da ta zama mai sa kai.

Rasnic na ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa jam'iyyar siyasa mai sassaucin ra'ayi ta Ratz, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin wakilin jam'iyyar a Na'amat daga 1981 zuwa 1996.

A shekara ta 1986, Rasnic ta shiga cikin wadanda suka kafa Cibiyar Mata ta Isra'ila, karkashin jagorancin Farfesa Alice Shalvi, a matsayin memba da mai shirya.

## Kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka
A cikin 1991 da 2006, Cibiyar Mata ta Isra'ila ta amince da Rasnic saboda gudummawar da ta bayar. [ana buƙatar tabbatarwa] &#x5B;**&#x5D;

A shekara ta 2000, an zaba ta don kunna fitilar a bikin shekara-shekara a makabartar soja ta Dutsen Herzl, rufe Ranar Tunawa da Isra'ila ga sojoji da suka fadi, girmamawa da aka ba wa masu daraja na al'umma.

A shekara ta 2008, Firayim Minista Ehud Olmert ne ya nada ta a cikin kwamitin ba da shawara game da matsayin mata.

A shekara ta 2009, an ba Rasnic Kyautar Isra'ila saboda nasarorin da ta samu a rayuwarta da kuma gudummawa ta musamman ga al'umma da Jiha.

## Manazarta
Pnina Salzman

**Pnina Salzman** (Ibraniyawa; 24 ga Fabrairu, 1922, a Tel Aviv, Mandate Palestine - 16 ga Disamba, 2006, a Tel Aviv), Isra'ila ce ta Isra'ila ta gargajiya kuma malamin piano.

Salzman ya nuna ƙwarewar farko ga piano kuma ya ba ta farko a lokacin da take da shekaru takwas. Dan wasan piano da malami na Faransa, Alfred Cortot, ya ji rawar da ta taka a 1932 yayin da take daliba a Shulamit Conservatory kuma ta gayyace ta zuwa Paris don karatu. Ta kammala karatu a Ecole Normale de Musique sannan ta zama ɗalibar Magda Tagliaferro a Conservatoire de Paris, inda ta lashe Firayim Minista na Piano a 1938, tana da shekaru 16.

Ta hanyar violinist Bronislaw Huberman ne ta fara haɓaka haɗin kai na rayuwa tare da Orchestra Philharmonic na Isra'ila, wanda Huberman ya kafa. A cikin wannan mahallin, ta fara akalla ayyukan Isra'ila guda biyu don piano da ƙungiyar mawaƙa - Marc Lavry's **Piano Concerto* No. 1* da Paul Ben Haim *Capriccio Op. 60* - da kuma yin Ben Haim's Piana Concerto, Op. 41, da sauran ayyukan. 

A shekara ta 1963 ta zama Isra'ila ta farko da aka gayyace ta yi wasa a cikin USSR kuma a cikin 1994, ta farko Isra'ila pianist da aka gayyata don yin wasa a China. Baya ga yin wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin soloist, ta bayyana akai-akai a matsayin mai kiɗa na ɗakin - a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, a matsayin memba na Isra'ila Piano Quartet . Tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da clarinettist Yona Ettlinger, ta fara gabatar da Monodrama na Mordecai Seter (1970); ta kuma fara gabatar da Soliloquio na Seter don piano solo (1972). [1]

Ta kasance Farfesa kuma shugabar sashen piano a Jami'ar Tel Aviv kuma ta yi aiki a cikin juri na gasa da yawa na piano, gami da Arthur Rubinstein, Vladimir Horowitz, Marguerite Long da Paloma O'Shea Santander International Piano Competition .  Ta koyar da piano ga ɗalibai da yawa, ciki har da Dror Elimelech, Nimrod David Pfeffer, Elisha Abas, Inbar Rothschild, Iddo Bar-Shai da Yossi Reshef .

## Kyaututtuka
A shekara ta 2006, an ba Salzman Kyautar Isra'ila don kiɗa.

## Manazarta
Ester Samuel-Cahn

**Ester Samuel-Cahn** (Ibraniyawa; 16 ga Mayu, 1933 - 20 ga Nuwamba, 2015) masanin lissafi ne kuma malami a Isra'ila. Ta kasance farfesa a Jami'ar Ibrananci ta Urushalima . 

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Samuel-Cahn a birnin Oslo na kasar Norway. A lokacin mulkin Nazi a Norway, a cikin 1942, mahaifinta, malami, ya yi gargadin cewa Jamusawa za su kama shi.[1] Ya ki fita ne don kokarin tallafa wa al’ummarsa[2]. A watan Satumba, an umurci mahaifinta ya kai rahoto ofishin Gestapo, inda aka yi masa tambayoyi kuma daga baya aka aika zuwa Auschwitz.[2] Daga baya waccan shekarar, 'yan Nazi za su kama sauran Yahudawa a Oslo, duk da haka, membobin karkashin kasa, Ingebjørg Sletten-Fosstvedt da Sigrid Hellisen Lund sun motsa dangin Samuel-Cahn, zuwa ga aminci kuma daga baya zuwa sansanin 'yan gudun hijira a cikin tsaka-tsakin Sweden.[1]. Don tsallaka iyaka, Samuel-Cahn da sauran danginta sun buya a cikin manyan motocin da ake safarar dankali.[3] A Stockholm, dangin Samuel-Cahn sun gano cewa an kashe mahaifinta a Auschwitz.[1] A cikin 1946, Samuel-Cahn, mahaifiyarta, da 'yan'uwanta sun ƙaura zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi (wanda daga baya ya zama Isra'ila).[4]

A shekara ta 2004, Samuel-Cahn ta lashe Kyautar Isra'ila saboda aikinta a cikin kididdiga.  A shekara ta 2012, ta yi magana a wani bikin tunawa a cikin gandun daji na shahidai a Dutsen Urushalima, don tunawa da Yahudawa na Norway da aka kashe a cikin Holocaust da kuma tunawa da waɗanda suka taimaka wajen ɓoyewa da kare Yahudawa a Norway.

Ta mutu a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2015.

## Littattafan da aka zaɓa

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## Manazarta
Michal Schwartz

**Michal Schwartz** (Ibraniyawa; an haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun 1950) farfesa ne a fannin Neuroimmunology a Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Weizmann . Tana aiki a fagen Cututtukan neurodegenerative, musamman ta amfani da tsarin rigakafi don taimakawa kwakwalwa yaki da cututtuken kwakwalwa na neurodegeneraative, kamar Cutar Alzheimer da dementia.

Nazarin Schwartz ya nuna cewa tsarin rigakafi yana tallafawa aikin kwakwalwa mai lafiya kuma yana da mahimmanci don warkarwa da kare kwakwalwa idan akwai rauni ko cuta.

Schwartz ya kirkiro kalmar kare kansa  kuma ya gano rawar da sel na rigakafi ke takawa a cikin gyara da neurogenesis. Ta kasance zaɓaɓɓen shugaban kungiyar International Society of Neuroimmunology (ISNI) tun daga shekara ta 2016. 

A cikin 2023 Schwartz ya sami lambar yabo ta Isra'ila don Kimiyya ta Rayuwa .

## Ayyuka da bincike
A Cibiyar Weizmann, ta ci gaba daga babban masanin kimiyya a Sashen Neurobiology zuwa cikakken farfesa a shekarar 1998, sannan aka ba ta lambar yabo ta Maurice da Ilse Katz a cikin Neuroimmunology a shekarar 2016.  Ayyukan Schwartz a cikin neuroimmunology sun ƙunshi cututtuka masu yawa a cikin tsarin juyayi na tsakiya (CNS), gami da rauni, neurodegeneration, dysfunction na hankali, da tsufa. Ta kirkiro kalmar kare kansa kuma ta nuna rawar da Kwayoyin rigakafi ke takawa kamar macrophages da T cells a cikin gyaran kashin baya. Ta kuma gano takamaiman wuraren kwakwalwa don 'magana ta tsakiya' tsakanin CNS da Tsarin rigakafi. Wannan magana ta giciye tana da mahimmanci don ɗaukar ƙwayoyin rigakafi da kiyaye kwakwalwa mai lafiya, kuma rushewar wannan magana ta gilashi na iya taka rawa a cikin tsufa na kwakwalwa da cututtukan neurodegenerative. Ta kuma nuna wannan rawar a cikin ciki da Ci gaban kwakwalwa tayin, inda za'a iya danganta lalacewar rigakafi a cikin uwa da rikicewar ci gaban jijiyoyi a cikin yaransu. Wani abin da aka mayar da hankali ga aikinta ya kasance a kan sake amfani da maganin rigakafin ciwon daji kamar masu toshe PD-1 don magance cututtukan neurodegenerative, kamar Cutar Alzheimer.

### Macrophages
Kungiyar Schwartz ta gano cewa ana buƙatar macrophages da aka samo daga ƙwayar ƙashi don gyara tsarin juyayi na tsakiya (CNS). Kwayoyin myeloid masu zama a kwakwalwa (microglia), da kuma shiga cikin macrophages da aka samo daga monocyte ba yawan jama'a ba ne, duk da myeloid phenotype, kuma suna nuna ayyuka daban-daban a cikin warwarewar kumburi na kwakwalwa.

### Rashin rigakafin kai
A cikin bincikenta, Schwartz ta gano cewa ikon magance raunin CNS yana buƙatar tallafi a cikin hanyar amsawar rigakafi ta hanyar CD4 + T cells waɗanda ke gane antigen na CNS. Ta kirkiro manufar kariya ta kare kansa, don rarrabe wannan martani daga cutar autoimmune, inda martani na kare kai ya tsere wa iko. A cikin shekaru, ya zama a bayyane cewa ana buƙatar rigakafin daidaitawa don sauƙaƙe ɗaukar ƙwayoyin rigakafi, gami da macrophages da aka samo daga ƙashin ƙashi da ƙwayoyin T masu sarrafa FoxP3, kodayake ma'auni tsakanin ƙwayoyin Tar masu sarrafawa da ƙwayohin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya sun bambanta a gefen da kwakwalwa.[1][2][3]

## Manazarta
Ada Sereni

**Ada Sereni** (née Ascarelli) (20 ga Yuni, 1905 - 24 ga Nuwamba, 1997)  ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin Mossad LeAliyah Bet a Italiya (shige da fice ba bisa ka'ida ba daga Yahudawa zuwa Mandatory Palestine tsakanin 1920 da 1948), ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa kibbutz Givat Brenner, kuma mai karɓar Kyautar Isra'ila don gudummawa ta musamman ga al'ummawa da ƙasar. 

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Shekaru na farko
An haife ta a matsayin Ada Ascarelli a cikin 1905 a Roma ga wani attajiri kuma sanannen iyalin Yahudawa na Sephardic wanda ya ƙidaya mawaki na karni na 16 Devorà Ascarelli daga cikin kakanninta. Iyayenta sune Ettore (1847-1919), da Emma Tagliacozzo (1882-1978). Mahaifinta ya mutu lokacin da ta shiga makarantar sakandare. Mahaifiyarta ta tsira daga Holocaust ta hanyar tserewa daga tarwatsa Yahudawa na Italiya a ranar 16 ga Oktoba, 1943, kuma ta ɓoye a cikin gidan ibada na nuns na Notre-Dame de Sion . Kakan mahaifinta shine Tranquillo Ascarelli, tsohon shugaban Jami'ar Isra'ila . Kakan mahaifiyarta Ariel, a matsayin mai samar da ulu na Paparoma, bai taba miƙa wuya ga ƙuntatawa da ke kiyaye wasu Yahudawa na Romawa a cikin ghetto na Yahudawa ba.

Ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta T. Mamiani a Roma, inda ta sadu da Enzo Sereni, wanda ya riga ya kasance mai aiki a cikin ƙungiyar Zionist. Sun yi aure a 1925 yana da shekaru 20 lokacin da Enzo ta sami digiri a fannin falsafa daga Jami'ar Roma; Ada ta watsar da digiri a fannonin sunadarai. A shekara ta 1926 sun sanar da iyalansu cewa suna ƙaura zuwa Isra'ila, suna yin hakan a watan Fabrairun 1927 tare da jaririnsu Hannah (an haife ta a ranar 4 ga Yuli, 1926), suna zaune a Rehovot. Sun kasance daga cikin Italiyanci na farko da suka yi ƙaura (make Aliyah) zuwa Isra'ila.

### Ka ƙaura zuwa Isra'ila da Givat Brenner
Sereni ta sami ƙaura zuwa Rehovot da wahala sosai, tana magana da su a matsayin "mafi munin lokaci a rayuwarta. " 'yar ta biyu Hagar (an haife ta a ranar 2 ga Yuli, 1927) kuma Yayinda Enzo ke aiki a gonakin, Ada ta zauna a gida tana kula da' ya'yansu mata biyu, 'yar ta uku, Hagar (ya haife ta 2 ga Yuli), an haife ta ne a Isra'ila.

A watan Yunin 1928, bisa ga jagorancin Sereni, ita da iyalinta sun shiga kungiyar da ta kafa Givat Brenner, daya daga cikin manyan Kibbutzes na Isra'ila. An haifi ɗanta Daniel (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Maris, 1931) a can.

Duk da yake Kibbutz ba shi da kayan aiki (an ɗauki ruwa a kan jaki), Sereni ya saba da rayuwa a can. Ta zama darektan ruwan 'ya'yan itace da kuma adanawa.[1][2][3] A shekara ta 1931 ta haifi ɗanta na uku, ɗa mai suna Daniel . A cikin shekarun 1930, iyalin sun shiga Enzo a kan manufofi da yawa a madadin kibbutz da ƙungiyar Zionist zuwa Italiya, Jamus, da Amurka.[2] Yayinda yake a New York, Sereni ya shirya wani yanki na matasa Isra'ila majagaba da malamai, duk suna zaune a cikin gida ɗaya tare da iyalansu.[1]

A cikin 1944, Enzo, ba tare da son Sereni ba, ya ba da kansa don zuwa bayan abokan gaba a Italiya don yin hulɗa da Yahudawa da suka tsira a can. A cewar Ada:

## Manazarta
Hanna Rovina

**Hanna Rovina** (Ibraniyawa: חנה 35:ינא; 15 Satumba 1888  - 3 Fabrairu 1980), kuma **Rubina**, 'yar wasan Rasha-Isra'ila ce. Sau da yawa ana kiranta "Uwargidan Farko na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ibrananci".

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Hana Rovina (Rubina) a Byerazino, Igumensky Uyezd, Gwamnatin Minsk, Daular Rasha (Belarus ta yanzu),  ga David Rubin, ɗan kasuwa na katako da Sarah-Rivka Rubin . Tana da 'yar'uwa ɗaya, Rahel da ɗan'uwa ɗaya. Ta horar da ita a matsayin malamar makarantar sakandare a wani darasi ga malaman makarantar sakandare masu magana da Ibrananci a Warsaw (kafin Yaƙin Duniya na farko). 

Tana da 'yar, Ilana, an haife ta a 1934, tare da mawaki na Ibrananci Alexander Penn . 

## Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo
Ta fara aikinta na wasan kwaikwayo a "Hebrew Stage Theatre" na  .[he] Ta  Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Habima a shekarar 1917 kamar yadda ake kaddamar da shi, kuma ta shiga cikin samar da shi na farko, wasan da Yevgeny Vakhtangov ya yi. Ta zama sananniya saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin Leah'le, budurwa wacce aljani ya mallake ta a cikin The *Dybbuk* na S. An-sky . 

A cikin 1928, Rovina da ƙaura 'yan wasan Habima sun yi hijira zuwa Mandate Palestine . Habima ta zama babbar ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta ƙasa, kuma an san Rovina a matsayin babbar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta ƙungiyar.[1] Hoton Rovina a matsayinta na Leah a cikin wasan kwaikwayon Moscow na Dybbuk, a cikin fararen tufafi, tare da dogon baƙar fata, ya zama gunkin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ibrananci mai tasowa.[2][3]

Rovina ta dauki wasan kwaikwayon sosai kuma ta yi ƙoƙari ta rayu rayuwar halin, kamar yadda Makarantar Stanislavski ta tsara.

Nisim Aloni ta rubuta wasan kwaikwayo, *Aunty Liza*, musamman a gare ta kuma Rovina ta jagoranci.

Ta ci gaba da aiki a kan mataki har zuwa mutuwarta, a cikin 1980.  Ta mutu a Ra'anana, tana da shekaru 91.

## Kyaututtuka da karbuwa
An ba Rovina Kyautar Isra'ila don wasan kwaikwayo a shekarar 1956. 

## Kyauta a cikin al'adun gargajiya
A shekara ta 2008, wasan kwaikwayon Was or Was Not, wanda Edna Mazia ta rubuta kuma Omri Nitzan ya ba da umarni, an fara shi a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Cameri. Wasan ya nuna labarin soyayya tsakanin Rovina da Alexander Penn.

A cikin 2025, an saki fim din The Rovina Legacy . Darakta na fim din Sigal Rash ne ya kirkireshi, fim din ya ba da labarin rayuwar daular Rovina: Hanna Rovina, 'yarta - Ilana, da jikarta. Yin amfani da hotuna masu yawa, fim din yana bincika dangantaka mai rikitarwa da rikitarwa wanda ya shafi tsararraki uku.
Kaila Austin

Kaila Austin ƙwararriyar mai zane-zane ce ta Amurka, mai nazarin tarihi, kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a a Indianapolis, Indiana. An nuna ayyukan Austin a nune-nunen da aka yi a Big Car Collaborative, Butter Fine Art Fair, da Herron School of Art & Design .

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Austin ya fara karatunsa a fannin fasaha a Ivy Tech sannan ya koma Jami'ar Indiana .  A shekarar 2017, Austin ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Indiana da digiri a fannin tarihin fasaha. 

## Sana'a
Austin yana aiki ne a matsayin mai zane, mai zane-zanen bango, mai haɗa littattafai, da kuma mai zane-zanen hotunan hoto.  A shekarar 2019, Austin ya kafa kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin babban darektan Rogue Preservation Services LLC, wanda kamfani ne na ba da shawara wanda galibi ke hidimar al'ummomin Baƙar fata don kare wuraren kakanninsu. 

A shekarar 2022, Austin ta sami tallafin Cibiyar Wutar Lantarki don aikinta *na Reimagining the Hardrick Home: Public Art as Heritage Preservation* don kwaikwayon zane-zanen John Welsey Hardrick don Pride Park da ke Norwood. 

A watan Oktoban 2023, Austin ta yi wani baje koli mai taken *Process as Practice: Reimagining the Lost Hardrick Mural* at the Tube Factory Artspace.  Wannan baje kolin ya nuna aikin da Austin ta yi wanda ke nuna lokacin da ta yi tare da zuriyar Sojojin Launi na Amurka, mazauna Norwood, da zuriyar John Welsey Hardrick da kuma tsarinta na sake ƙirƙirar hoton *Ma'aikacin* da ya ɓace na Hardrick. 

## Nunin da aka zaɓa

* *Waliyyai & Icons. Cibiyar Harrison don Fasaha. Indianapolis, Indiana. 2021.* 
* BUTTER Fine Art Fair. GANGGANG. Indianapolis, Indiana. 2022. 
* *Abin da ya gabata yana nan: Masu fasaha baƙar fata sun mayar da martani ga tarihin bauta mai rikitarwa.* Makarantar Fasaha da Zane ta Herron. Indianapolis, Indiana. Satumba 2022-Janairu 2023. 

## Kyaututtuka
A shekarar 2023, an sanar da Austin a matsayin wanda ya lashe kyautar ARTI da Indianapolis Arts Council ta gabatar. 

## Manazarta
Awa Diop

**Awa Diop** (1 ga watan Mayu 1948 - 21 ga watan Yuli 2021) 'yar siyasa ce ta Senegal kuma tsohuwar mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a ta Jam'iyyar Demokrat ta Senegal (PDS).  Ta kasance mataimakiya a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa kuma minista a ƙarƙashin shugabancin Abdoulaye Wade.

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Diop a Rufisque, Senegal, Faransa, Yammacin Afirka, da kuma Faransa.

An horar da ita a matsayin mai rubuta taswira, ta fara aiki a matsayin sakatariya a zauren garin Rufisque, sannan ta yi aiki a Asibitin Aristide Le Dantec da ke Dakar.

A ranar 2 ga watan Fabrairu, 1975, ta shiga Jam'iyyar Democrat ta Senegal (PDS) - wacce aka kafa a shekarar 1974- bayan ziyarar Abdoulaye Wade zuwa garinsu. Ta yi fice saboda fafutukarta da kuma jarumtakarta, kuma an kama ta sau biyu saboda "zanga-zangar da ba a ba da izini ba" a shekarun 1988 da 1993. 

An zaɓi Diop a matsayin mataimakiyar Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa a karon farko a shekarar 1993. An naɗa ta mataimakiyar Firayim Minista a ranar 16 ga watan Oktoba 2006  kuma ta ci gaba da wannan matsayin a lokacin sake fasalin gwamnati na ranar 27 ga watan Fabrairu 2007.  Duk da haka, an wargaza wannan ofishin bayan kafa Gwamnatin Soumare a ranar 5 ga watan Yuli 2007. 

Diop ta mutu a shekarar 2021. 

## Manazarta
Viviane Bampassy

**Viviane Laure Elisabeth Bampassy** 'yar siyasa ce 'yar ƙasar Senegal. Ta kasance Ministar Ayyukan Gwamnati, Rage Ƙarfin Ma'aikata da Sabunta Ayyukan Jama'a tun daga shekarar 2014. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Bampassy ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Ƙasa a shekarar 1992.

Ita ce mataimakiyar gwamnan yankin Dakar mai kula da ci gaba da kuma harkokin gudanarwa daga baya. Ita ce kuma shugabar sashen Guédiawaye da Pikine, kafin ta zama Babbar Sakatariya Mai Zaman Kanta ta Ma'aikatar Al'adu. A watan Janairun 2013, an naɗa ta a matsayin Sakatare Janar na Ma'aikatar Matasa, Aiki da Haɓaka Ƙimar 'Yan Ƙasa.

A watan Oktoban 2013, Shugaba Macky Sall ya naɗa ta gwamnan yankin Fatick bayan taron Majalisar Ministoci. Ita ce gwamna mace ta farko a Senegal. 

A watan Yulin 2014, an naɗa Bampassy Ministar Ayyukan Jama'a, Rarraba Ƙarfin Ma'aikata da Sabunta Ayyukan Jama'a a cikin Gwamnatin Dionne ta Ɗaya, inda ya maye gurbin Mansour Sy.  

A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2017, ta zama jakadiyar Senegal a Kanada. A watan Satumba na shekarar 2021, an miƙa mata takardar izinin zama 'yar ƙasar Cuba 

## Manazarta
Sara Stern-Katan

**Sara Stern-Katan** (Ibraniyawa; 4 ga Yuni 1919 - 23 ga Satumba 2001) ma'aikaciyar zamantakewar al'umma ce kuma 'yar siyasa ta Isra'ila wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na Knesset na Jam'iyyar Addini ta Kasa tsakanin 1977 da 1981.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife shi a Łódź a 1919, Stern-Katan ya taimaka wajen shirya ayyukan ilimi ga ƙungiyar Torah VeAvoda a Poland da Jamus, kuma ya kasance mai aiki a cikin Zionist a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II . Ta yi karatun aikin zamantakewa a Kwalejin Simmons da ke Boston, kuma ya yi hijira zuwa Mandatory Palestine a shekarar 1947.

Wani memba na kwamitin Ƙungiyar Mata ta Addini ta Kasa, ta kasance darakta na Ma'aikatar Ba da Shawara ga 'yan mata da mata, da ci gaban makarantun kwana na' yan mata, memba na Cibiyar Ƙungiyar Ayyukan Jama'a, kuma memba na Ma'aikatan Ilimi. Ta kuma koyar da aikin zamantakewa a Jami'ar Bar-Ilan .  Daga 1984 zuwa 1990 Stern-Katan ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Emunah, kungiyar mata ta addinin Zionist, inda ta taimaka wajen fadada shirye-shiryen ilimi da zamantakewa.

A shekara ta 1977, an zabe ta a cikin Knesset a jerin Jam'iyyar Addini ta Kasa, kuma ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Ilimi da Al'adu, Kwamitin Tsarin Mulki, Shari'a da Adalci, Kwamitin Aiki da Albarka, da Kwamitin Kula da Jiha. Ta rasa kujerarta a Zaben 1981.

Ta mutu a shekara ta 2001 tana da shekaru 82.

## Kyaututtuka
A shekara ta 1988, an ba Stern-Katan Kyautar Isra'ila saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga al'umma da Jihar Isra'ila.

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin masu karɓar kyautar Isra'ila

## Manazarta
Lia van Leer

**Lia van Leer** (née **Greenberg**; Ibrananci: ליה ון ליר; Agusta 8, 1924 - Maris 13, 2015) ta kasance majagaba a fagen shirye-shiryen fina-finai da adana fina-fakka a Isra'ila. Ita ce ta kafa Haifa Cinematheque, Jerusalem Cinematheche, Isra'ila Film Archive da Bikin Fim na Urushalima .

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi **Lia Greenberg** a ranar 8 ga watan Agusta, 1924, a garin Bessarabian na Bălți, sannan a Romania, yanzu a Moldova, ga dangin Yahudawa. Mahaifinta, Simon Greenberg, mai fitar da alkama ne kuma mahaifiyarta, Olga, mai ba da gudummawa ce ta WIZO. Ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta jama'a kuma ta yi hutun bazara a tsaunukan Carpathian. A shekara ta 1940, iyayenta sun tura ta Falasdinu don ziyartar 'yar'uwarta Bruria, likitan hakora, wacce ta yi hijira a 1936 kuma tana zaune a Tel Aviv. Ba ta sake ganin iyayenta ba.

A watan Yulin 1941, Jamusawa sun kashe mahaifinta da sauran shugabannin al'ummar Yahudawa. An kori mahaifiyarta da kakarta zuwa Transnistria kuma sun mutu a sansanin fursuna. Lia ta koma Urushalima a 1943 don halartar Jami'ar Ibrananci ta Urushalima . A shekara ta 1952, ta auri Wim Van Leer, injiniyan Holland, matukin jirgi, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo da mai shirya fim, kuma ta zauna a Haifa. Sun kafa kulob din fim na farko a kasar a shekarar 1955.

"Babu talabijin a lokacin ... kuma muna da na'urar nunawa ta 16 mm wacce ta zo a matsayin kyauta daga surukina. Kowace Jumma'a za mu sami abokai don kallon fina-finai. Gidanmu ya zama mafi mashahuri a Haifa", in ji ta. Wannan kulob din fim ya zama Haifa Cinematheque . Tarin fina-finai na sirri na Van Leers shine tushen Tarihin Fim na Isra'ila, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1960.

A shekara ta 1973, wani dan kasuwa na Brazil, George Ostrovsky, wanda ya yi mafarki na kirkirar fim a Isra'ila, ya kusanci van Leers kuma ya shawo kansu da Teddy Kollek su raba mafarkinsa. Ostrovsky ya ba da gudummawar kudaden da ake bukata don gina Cibiyar Fim ta Urushalima (wanda ya haɗa da Tarihin Fim na Isra'ila da Cinematheque na Urushalima) a cikin kwarin Hinnom a ƙarƙashin ganuwar Tsohon Birni. Teddy Kollek da Gidauniyar Urushalima sun tattara ƙarin kuɗi daga abokai a Hollywood da kuma duniya baki daya. An buɗe gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Urushalima a 1981, kuma an kira Lia van Leer darakta na farko. Bayan rasuwar mijinta a shekarar 1991, ta kaddamar da lambar yabo ta Wim Van Leer don daliban makarantar sakandare don karfafa matasa masu shirya fina-finai. A cikin shekara ta farko, an gabatar da fina-finai takwas; a cikin 2008, fina-fukkuna 90 sun yi takara don kyautar.[1]

A shekara ta 1995, ta jagoranci juri a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Berlin na 45. 

## Kyaututtuka
A shekara ta 2004, Lia van Leer ta sami lambar yabo ta Isra'ila saboda nasarorin da ta samu a rayuwarta da kuma gudummawa ta musamman ga al'umma da Jihar Isra'ila. Ta lashe lambar yabo saboda aikin sa kai daga shugaban Isra'ila Chaim Herzog a shekarar 1988. 

## Manazarta
Edna Solodar

**Edna Solodar** (Ibraniyawa; 15 ga Maris 1930 - 9 ga Afrilu 2024) 'yar siyasar Isra'ila ce wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na Knesset na Jam'iyyar Alignment da Labor tsakanin 1982 da 1992. Ta kasance mai karɓar Kyautar Isra'ila ta 2024 don Rayuwa ta Rayuwa .

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife shi a Ashdot Ya'akov a lokacin Mandate, Solodar daga baya ya koma kibbutz Gesher . Ta yi karatu a makarantar sakandare ta kibbutz kuma ta ci gaba da halartar Cibiyar Conservatory da Kwalejin Kiɗa ta Isra'ila a Tel Aviv .

Solodar ya yi aiki a matsayin malamin kiɗa a kibbutzim, Beit She'an da kwarin Jordan . Daga 1967 har zuwa 1971 kuma daga 1978 har zuwa 1980, ta kasance sakatariyar kibbutz Gesher, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatariciyar Harkokin Cikin Gida ta ƙungiyar Kibbutz HaMeuhad tsakanin 1972 da 1982.

A Zaben Knesset na 1981 an sanya ta a cikin jerin sunayen Alignment . Kodayake ta kasa samun kujerar, ta shiga Knesset a ranar 16 ga watan Janairun shekara mai zuwa a matsayin maye gurbin Moshe Harif, [1] wani mai fafutukar kibbutz wanda aka kashe a hadarin mota. An sake zabar ta a shekarar 1984 da 1988, amma ta rasa kujerarta a Zaben 1992.

Tsakanin 1992 da 1998 ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar kungiyar United Kibbutz Movement .

Solodar ya mutu a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2024 yana da shekaru 94. 

Kwana daya bayan mutuwarta, an sanar da iyalinta cewa ta lashe kyautar Isra'ila ta 2024 don Rayuwa ta Rayuwa.

## Manazarta
Linda Kearns MacWhinney

**Linda Mary Kearns MacWhinney** ( née Kearns ; 1 Yuli 1888 - 5 Yuni 1951) ma'aikaciyar jinya ce ' yar ƙasar Ireland kuma 'yar siyasa Fianna Fáil .

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haife ta a Cloonagh, Dromard, County Sligo, tana ɗaya daga cikin yara takwas da Thomas da Catherine "Nora" (née Clarke) Kearns suka haifa. Daga 1907, ta yi karatu kuma ta horar da ita don zama ma'aikaciyar jinya. Bayan ya shiga Cumann na mBan jim kadan bayan an kafa shi a shekara ta 1914. Ba ta da sha'awar kishin kasa ko jamhuriya kafin Easter Rising kuma ta yi niyyar yin aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a Faransa a lokacin yakin duniya na har sai da ta haɗu da Thomas MacDonagh ta canza tunaninta kuma ta tsattsauran ra'ayi.

## Tashin Ista
Kwanaki biyu bayan masu tayar da kayar baya sun kwace GPO na Dublin a lokacin Easter Rising a watan Afrilu 1916, Kearns, ma'aikaciyar jinya, ta karɓi wani gini mara amfani a kan titin North Great George. Ta rataye tutar Red Cross sama da ƙofar kuma ta yi maraba da wadanda suka mutu a cikin fada, daga bangarorin biyu na rikici. Koyaya, kamar yadda ta bi da masu sa kai na Jamhuriyar Republican a lokacin tashin hankali, Sojojin Burtaniya sun umarci Kearns da ta rufe asibitin da ba na hukuma ba. Ta yi haka, tare da babban jinkiri.

## Bayan Tashin hankali

Ta fahimci cewa tana da ƙwarewar da za ta iya zama da amfani a lokutan yaƙi. Bayan tashin hankali ta shiga aikin jinya mai zaman kansa.[1] A matsayinta na ma'aikaciyar jinya ta taimaka wajen yaki da annobar mura ta Mutanen Espanya ta 1918 a Tsibirin Achill . [2] Ta kasance ma'aikaciyar jinya ga iyalin O'Connor Morris a Tullamore kuma ta yi tafiya sosai tare da su. Bayan rasuwar Maurice O'Connor Morris a ranar 11 ga Fabrairu 1916, ya bar Linda gado na £ 2,500. Ta sami damar siyan mota, wanda daga baya zai zama da amfani a lokacin Yakin Independence na Irish lokacin da ta yi aiki a matsayin mai aikawa ga Michael Collins jigilar bayanai da kuma wani lokacin makamai.[3] Matsayinta a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya ta taimaka mata ta guje wa ganowa har sai an kama ta a watan Nuwamba 1920 a Sligo tana jigilar bindigogi. Mai binciken gundumar ya ba da rahoton kama ta kamar haka:

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Ta auri Wilson Charles MacWhinney a shekarar 1929. MacWhinney ya kasance kwamandan kwamandan a Derry Brigade IRA a lokacin yakin neman 'yancin kai kafin ya koma Dublin a 1924. Tare suna da 'yar daya, Ann, a cikin 1930.

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin mambobin Oireachtas da aka daure a lokacin juyin juya halin Irish

## Manazarta
Myriam Yardeni

**Myriam Yardeni** (Ibraniyawa; 27 ga Afrilu 1932 - 8 ga Mayu 2015) masanin tarihi Isra'ila ne kuma masanin tarihin Faransa. Ta kasance farfesa a tarihin gaba ɗaya a Jami'ar Haifa .

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi **Marika Jakobovits** a Timișoara, a cikin yankin Banat na Romania, ga dangin Yahudawa na tsakiya. A shekara ta 1950, ta yi hijira zuwa Isra'ila. Ta yi karatun Ibrananci a Ulpan Etzion a Urushalima kuma ta halarci makarantar sakandare da Martin Buber ya kafa. 

A Jami'ar Ibrananci ta Urushalima ta kammala BA a tarihin duniya da al'adun Faransa, da MA a tarihi. Rubutun ta, wanda aka rubuta a 1961 a karkashin jagorancin Jacob Talmon, ya binciki rayuwar da aikin Bernard Lazare, wani ɗan jarida da ɗan jarida na Yahudawa na Faransa. A shekara ta 1963, ta rubuta digirin digirin digirinta a Sorbonne a karkashin Roland Mousnier . A lokacin da ta zauna a Paris, ta yi karatu a Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS).

## Ayyukan ilimi
A kan shawarar magajin gari na Haifa na lokacin, Abba Hushi, Yardeni ya koma Haifa kuma ya shiga bangaren Jami'ar Haifa. A shekara ta 1975, an nada ta shugabar sashen tarihin duniya. Ta kafa cibiyar jami'ar don bincike kan tarihin Faransa. Ayyukanta sun mayar da hankali kan jigogi da yawa na bincike - lamiri na kasa a Faransa a farkon zamani da kuma 'yan tsiraru na addini a cikin mahallin Faransanci, musamman Huguenots da Yahudawa. Tana da sha'awar tsanantawa ta addini da kuma adawa da Yahudawa na zamani. Littattafan da ta wallafa da yawa sun sanya ta a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan malamai a waɗannan fannoni.

Yardeni ya kasance farfesa a CNRS, Jami'ar Bordeaux, Jami'an Bordeaux Montaigne (Bordeaux III), da kuma sashen kimiyyar addini na École pratique des hautes études a Paris . 

Ta yi ritaya a shekara ta 2001, amma ta ci gaba da aiki sosai a kan ayyukanta na bincike har zuwa mutuwarta. A cikin waɗannan shekarun Yardeni ya buga littattafai da yawa da labarai da yawa, tare da shiga taron daban-daban a Isra'ila da ƙasashen waje.

## Kyaututtuka da karbuwa

* A shekara ta 1998, an ba Yardeni lambar yabo ta Isra'ila a shekara ta 1998 don tarihin gaba ɗaya.
* A shekara ta 2007, an ba ta lambar yabo ta EMET . 

## Ayyukan da aka buga
Jami'ar Haifa ta wallafa jerin littattafanta.

## Manazarta
Caroline Faye Diop

**Caroline Faye Diop** (an haife ta a ranar 11 ga watan Yuli, 1923 a Foundationougne, ta rasu a ranar 28 ga watan Yuli, 1992 a Dakar) 'yar siyasa ce ta Senegal, mataimakiya mace ta farko kuma ministar mata ta farko a ƙasar. Ita ce matar ɗan siyasa Demba Diop, Ministan Matasa da Wasanni a ƙarƙashin shugaban ƙasa  Léopold Sédar Senghor, wanda aka kashe a shekarar 1967.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Caroline Faye Diop a Foundiougne, Fatick, a lokacin tana yankin Yammacin Afirka na Faransa, a ranar 11 ga watan Yuli, 1923.  Ita 'yar Louis Diène Faye ce, wani akawu kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a na SFIO, ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar Democratic Bloc ta Senegal, da kuma Fatim Diop. Ta ci jarrabawar shiga gasar École normale de jeunes filles de l'Afrique-Occidentale française a Rufisque,  ta kammala karatunta na uku a ajinta a shekarar 1945.

Faye Diop ta zama malamar makaranta a Louga a shekarar 1945, sannan a Thiès, Matam, sannan a ƙarshe a Mbour, inda ta jagoranci makarantar 'yan mata daga shekarun 1951 zuwa 1962. A Mbour, ta haɗu da Demba Diop, wanda a lokacin shi ne babban mai kula da "cours normal de Mbour" (wanda daga baya aka sake masa suna don girmama shi). Sun yi aure a shekarar 1951.  Ta kuma haɗu da Abdoulaye Sadji, mai fafutukar 'yancin kai, wanda ya ƙarfafa ta ta ci gaba da shiga harkokin siyasa. Ta shiga ƙungiyar 'yan Democrat ta Senegal a shekarar 1948. Ta sami damar rabuwa da koyarwa don mayar da hankali musamman kan ci gaban karkara. 

## Aikin siyasa
Faye Diop ta shiga cikin ƙirƙirar ƙungiyar mata da ke da alaƙa da ƙungiyar ci gaba ta Senegal (UPS), sabuwar jam'iyyar Senegal da aka kafa a shekarar 1958 kuma Léopold Sédar Senghor ya jagoranta. Senegal ta sami 'yancin kai a shekarar 1960. Hukumar UPS ta zaɓe ta a matsayin 'yar takara a zaɓen 'yan majalisa, Faye Diop ta zama mataimakiya daga shekarun 1963 zuwa 1978. Ita ce mace ta farko a tarihin ƙasar da ta zauna a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa. 

Tun daga shekarar 1963, ta yi aiki a cikin majalisar kan aikin ƙirƙirar Dokar Iyali kuma ta ƙarfafa mata su sami abin da za su rayu da kansu. Ita ce kaɗai mace da ta shiga zaɓen a kan wannan Dokar Iyali. Ita ce mataimakiyar shugaba ta huɗu ta Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa. An zaɓe ta a matsayin shugabar ƙungiyar Mata ta ƙungiyar ci gaba ta Senegal a shekarar 1964. A wannan shekarar, ta zama mataimakiyar sakatare janar ta ƙungiyar Mata ta Afirka ta Kudu. 

An kashe mijinta a watan Fabrairun 1967, wataƙila wanda rikicin siyasa ya shafa. 

Ta zama mace ta farko minista, inda aka naɗa ta Ministar Ayyukan Jin Daɗi a  shekarar 1978.  Daga nan ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Minista ga Firayim Minista daga shekarun 1981 zuwa 1982 da kuma Ministar Jiha daga shekarun 1982 zuwa 1983.  A shekarar 1957, a wani taron jam'iyya da aka gudanar a Thiès, ta yi wa Shugaba Senghor zanga-zanga cewa duk da yawan mata da ke wurin, babu wanda ya yi magana. 

Ta rasu a ranar 29 ga watan Yuli, 1992. 

## Duba kuma

* Louis Diène Faye

## Manazarta
Krama Inggil

**Krama Inggil** wani nau'i ne mai ladabi na yaren Java da ake amfani da shi a Tattaunawa yau da kullun,  musamman tare da tsofaffi. Sabanin wannan hanyar magana ana kiranta "Boso Ngogo".   A zamanin yau, mazaunan Java ba sa amfani da wannan hanyar magana, sau da yawa saboda ana kallon ta a matsayin tsohuwar hanyar magana. Misali na wannan harshe shine kalmar da ke nufin shugaban sirrah, "sampean" *ma'ana* ku, da sauransu.

## Misali da kwatankwacin

* Ngo: Aku Marx.  ("Ina so in ci.") 
* Madyå: Kula da Nadda.*Yanayi da yawa.*
* Krama: (Neutral) Kula badhé nadhi.  (Humble) Dalem badhé nedhi.
** (Babu ra'ayi) *Kula badhé nadhi*.
** (Humble) *Dalem badhé nedhi.*

## Manazarta
F. H. van Naerssen

**Frits Herman "Kees" van Naerssen** (1904 - 7 Yuni 1974)  masanin ilimin Javanese ne kuma mutum ne na farko a cikin Nazarin Asiya a Bayan yakin Australia. 

## Ilimi da aiki
An haifi F. H. van Naerssen a Semarang, Netherlands East Indies (yanzu Indonesia) a cikin 1904 kuma ya yi nazarin tauhidin da yarukan Indonesiya a Jami'ar Leiden, Netherlands, inda ya sami digiri na biyu ("Dr. Ph. et Litt.")  a cikin tsohuwar rubutun Javanese a cikin 1941 a ƙarƙashin Nicolaas Johannes Krom, masanin ilimin kimiyya na Dutch, masanin tarihi, masanin tarihin tarihi da mai bincike a cikin tarihin Indonesiya da al'adun gargajiya na farko. 

Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin sakatare na Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (KITLV) (Turanci, "Royal Institute for the Linguistics, Geography and Ethnology"), wanda a wancan lokacin yake a The Hague, kuma a matsayin mai kula da tarin Javanese a Koloniaal Instituut (Turansi, "Colonial Institute") a Amsterdam a cikin shekarun 1939-46 kafin ya koyar a matsayin malami a ilimin zamantakewa a Jami'ar Aikin Gona ta Wageningen daga 1946 zuwa 1956.

Ya koyar a Jami'ar Sydney daga 1957 zuwa 1970, wani alƙawari ne wanda ya kasance sakamakon tallafin gwamnatin Australiya don karatun Indonesiya.  Shi ne nadin farko (a matsayin mai karatu), shugaban wasan kwaikwayo na farko sannan kuma a shekarar 1966 farfesa na tushe  na Ma'aikatar Nazarin Indonesiya da Malayan ta Jami'ar Sydney,  kuma a lokacin, "shi kaɗai a Ostiraliya yana da kayan aikin da ake buƙata don fara, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, tsoffin karatun Javanese. "  Ɗalibinsa Stuart Robson zai tuna "ya fito ne daga tsohuwar iyalin Indies kuma ya girma a Klaten (Tsakiyar Java), don haka yana da dangantaka mai karfi da Java kuma yana da kusan iska 'mai sihiri' na mai gashi na azurfa".

Ya ba da gudummawa ga mujallar Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (Sunan Ingilishi: Jaridar Humanities da Social Sciences na Kudu maso gabashin Asiya da Oceania); ga Cultureel Indië, mujallar kowane wata game da rayuwar al'adu a Dutch East Indies wanda aka buga tsakanin 1939 da 1946; da kuma Jaridar Oriental Society of Australia. 

An ba da kyautar tunawa ta shekara-shekara, kyautar tunawa da F. H. van Naerssen don Nazarin Indonesiya, don Nazarin Indonesia a Jami'ar Sydney . 

Van Naerrsen ya kasance daga cikin ƙaramin rukuni na malamai da ke aiki don yaduwar karatun Asiya a Ostiraliya, da kuma karuwar sha'awar jama'ar Ostiraliya a Asiya, a cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II. Baya ga kokarinsa na jami'a, shi ne shugaban farko na kwamitin da ke da alhakin tattara jerin littattafai don nazarin Indonesian a makarantun sakandare a New South Wales . 

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Bayan ya jagoranci sabon sashen na shekaru da yawa, F. H. van Naerssen ya yi ritaya daga jami'ar a 1970 amma har yanzu ya shiga ofishin kwaleji sau da yawa a mako. Ya zauna a Gordon, New South Wales, wani yanki a saman arewacin Sydney. Ya mutu a shekara ta 1974 a Netherlands yayin ziyarar da ya kai ga 'yarsa a can. Matarsa, 'yarsa da jikoki biyu sun mutu.

## manazarta