Layin Jirgin ƙasa na Dun Mountain

**Layin Jirgin Ƙasa na Dun Mountain** mallakar kamfanin ne mai zaman kansa kuma yana aiki da shi 3 ƙafa    kunkuntar ma'auni,  dogayen layin dogo da aka ja dawaki daga ma'adinan chromite a kusa da Duppa Lode a gefen gabashin Wooded Peak zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Nelson a gundumar Tasman ta Tsibirin Kudu ta New Zealand . Ya fara aiki daga 3 ga Fabrairu 1862 zuwa 30 ga Mayu 1901, tare da zirga-zirgar ma'adinai na ƙarshe a sashin karkata a watan Janairu 1866.

Wannan layin shine "jirgin ƙasa" na farko da aka buɗe kuma aka yi aiki da shi a New Zealand, kafin layin dogo na farko na jama'a da kuma layin dogo na farko da jiragen ƙasa masu tururi ke aiki da shi, layin da ke tsakanin Ferrymead da Christchurch, wanda aka buɗe a ranar 1 ga Disamba, 1863. Birnin Nelson yana da layin dogo na farko na birni da aka buɗe da kuma rufe a New Zealand.

## Tarihi

### Bayani
Shahararrun masu fafutukar haƙar ma'adanai da aka samu a Wooded Peak sun haɗa da wata ƙungiya da William Long Wrey, William Travers da William Wells suka kafa. A lokacin hunturu na 1853, wani mai riƙe da ma'adinai na gida, George Duppa, ya gano babban ma'adinan chromite tsakanin Wooded Peak da Dun Mountain, kimanin kilomita 8 kudu maso gabashin garin Nelson. An sanya masa suna Duppa Lode, amma an ɗauke shi a matsayin ba shi da wani amfani a kasuwanci a lokacin.

Ƙungiyar ta amince da cewa domin a yi amfani da ma'adinan, titin jirgin ƙasa zai buƙaci a mayar da shi Nelson. Bayan yunƙurin tara jari don aikin a yankin ya gaza a watan Agusta na 1853, Wrey ya nufi Ingila a watan Oktoba don ƙara tara jari. Ƙoƙarinsa ya yi nasara, wanda ya haifar da kafa **Ƙungiyar Asusun Filaye ta New Zealand** tare da goyon bayan masu kuɗi 20 na London, waɗanda kowannensu ya ba da gudummawar £500. Wrey ya koma New Zealand a ranar 8 ga Agusta 1855 tare da ma'aikatan haƙar ma'adinai 24 da injiniya, Jeremiah How.

A farkon shekarar 1857, **Kamfanin Dun Mountain Copper Mining Company Ltd.** ya kafa, kuma masu hannun jari a **Kamfanin Cook's Straight** da ƙungiyar ma'adinai ta kafa a baya sun sami damar musanya hannun jarinsu da waɗanda aka biya su gaba ɗaya a cikin sabon kamfanin, tare da ƙarin hannun jari B 5,000 da aka ajiye don siyarwa a New Zealand.

Taron farko na masu hannun jari na kamfanin ya gudana ne a ranar 22 ga Yuli 1857. Masu zuba jari sun sami labarin shirin gina wani katafaren gini  dogayen layin dogo mai sauƙi tare da kwarin Maitai - dawaki za su yi aiki a kan titin da kuma a akasin haka ta hanyar nauyi.

Domin tantance girman ma'adinan tagulla da kamfanin zai iya dogara da su, wanda daraktocin suka yi amfani da shi, injiniyan haƙar ma'adinai Thomas R. Hacket. An naɗa kwamitin gudanarwa na gida don taimaka wa Hacket, wanda ya ƙunshi Wrey, Wells, ɗan kasuwa George Ridings da Maxwell Bury a matsayin sakatare.

Hacket ya isa Nelson a ranar 31 ga Oktoba 1857 kuma ya fara kimanta ma'adinan tagulla, wanda ya ga ba su da kyau. Maimakon ya bayyana ra'ayinsa na farko da ya ɓata wa Nelson rai, sai ya bar binciken layin dogo na Maitai Valley ya ci gaba.

Bayan kammala binciken, wanda injiniyan yankin Edward Moody ya gudanar, jigilar kayan layin dogo na farko ta iso daga Landan a ranar 11 ga Janairun 1858. An ajiye su a farfajiyar kamfanin da ke kan titin Haven har sai an aiwatar da dokar layin dogo da ta dace.

Zuwa shekarar 1858, labarin ya bazu a yankin game da rahotannin da ba su dace ba na Hacket game da asusun ajiyar, wanda ya haifar da ƙiyayya mai yawa tsakanin Hacket da Wrey. Wasu daga cikin masu hannun jari a Landan sun fusata har suka yi iƙirarin cewa Wrey ya zambace su. Duk da cewa ba a taɓa gurfanar da Wrey a gaban kotu ba, an cire shi daga kwamitin gudanarwa na Nelson.

Duk da cewa an fahimci cewa babu wani ma'adinan tagulla da za a iya amfani da shi a kasuwanci a cikin ma'adinan, Hacket ya yi matukar farin ciki da ma'adinan chromite da aka samu a baya a Wooded Peak. Don haka daraktocin sun hana su dakatar da kamfanin yayin da suke jiran gwajin samfuran chromite da aka tura zuwa Ingila. Ganin cewa waɗannan sabbin ma'adinan suna kan tudu mafi girma a Wooded Peak hanyar da aka tsara ta farko ta layin jirgin ƙasa tare da Maitai Valley ta zama ruwan dare, kuma Hacket ya fara binciken wata hanya kai tsaye a kusa da Wooded Peak.

Gwajin ya tabbatar da ingancin ma'adinan, wanda daga baya Joseph Gibbs ya tabbatar a watan Yunin 1858. A shekarar 1859, Hacket ya nuna ta hanyar binciken ƙasa cewa ma'adinan sun ci gaba da kasancewa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Tare da rahotanninsa masu kyau da ke nuna girman ma'adinan da ake da su, daraktocin sun gamsu da fara haƙar ma'adinai, wanda zai ƙunshi hanyar jirgin ƙasa daga Coppermine Saddle zuwa Nelson Port. A ranar 24 ga Fabrairun 1860, an ba da sanarwar  na niyyar kamfanin na neman amincewar doka don gina layin dogo a kan hanyar da Hacket ya zaɓa.

### Gine-gine

An ɗauki ma'aikatan injiniyoyi biyu 'yan ƙasar Ireland waɗanda suka ƙware a fannin layin dogo, William Doyne tare da taimakon Abraham Fitzgibbon, don gudanar da aikin gina layin. Sun isa Nelson tare da iyalan Fitzgibbon a ranar 18 ga Yuli, 1860. 

Nan da nan suka yi watsi da shawarar Hacket suka kuma amince cewa za a sami wata hanya mafi kyau ta zuwa Wooded Peak ta cikin Brook Valley. Wannan canjin tsare-tsare bai samu karbuwa sosai daga kwamitin da aka naɗa don nazarin shawarar kamar yadda aka gabatar don dokokin da ke tare da ita ba, wanda kamfanin ya janye shi daga hakan.

Aikin ƙasa na tsawon an yi cinikin dogon sashe tsakanin ma'adinan da kuma Saddle na Wairoa a shekarar 1861 kuma an ba wa '  kwangila Charles Ambler, John Davis da Robert Carter a watan Fabrairu mai zuwa, kowannensu yana aiki a kan tsawon da ya kai daidai. Aikin ya haɗa da  faɗin gefen Peak na Wooded, magudanar ruwa da gadoji shida.

## Manazarta