Jeannette Howard Foster

**Jeannette Howard Foster** (Nuwamba 3, 1895 &#x2013; Yuli 26, 1981) ma'aikacin ɗakin karatu ne Ba'amurke, farfesa, mawaƙi kuma mai bincike a fagen adabin madigo. Ta fara nazarin fitattun labaran almara da kuma almara domin ta tono jigogi na madigo a bayyane da na boye. Shekarunta na tattara bayanai na majagaba sun ƙare a cikin bincikenta na 1957 *Sex Variant Women in Literature*,wanda ya zama tushen ilimi a cikin karatun LGBT. Da farko Foster ne ya buga kansa ta hanyar Vantage Press,an kwafa shi kuma an sake fitar da shi a cikin 1975 ta Diana Press kuma Naiad Press ta sake fitowa a cikin 1985 tare da sabunta ƙari da sharhi ta Barbara Grier.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Jeannette Howard Foster a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 1895,a Oak Park,Illinois,'yar injiniyan injiniya Winslow Howard Foster(b. Janairu 10, 1869)da Anna Mabel Burr.Ta halarci Kwalejin Rockford kuma ta kammala karatun digiri a cikin ilmin sunadarai a 1918. Foster ya sami Ph.D.a Makarantar Laburare ta Jami'ar Chicago.Ta koyar da kimiyyar ɗakin karatu a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Drexel daga 1937 zuwa 1948.Ta kasance ma'aikacin laburare a Cibiyar Nazarin Jima'i a Jami'ar Indiana a cikin shekarun 1948 zuwa 1952 inda ta yi aiki tare da Alfred Kinsey. A cikin 1952 Foster ya bar Cibiyar Nazarin Jima'i don ƙaura zuwa Kansas City tare da abokin aikinta Hazel Toliver (1909-1997),da mahaifiyar Toliver.Foster ya fara sabon matsayi a Jami'ar Missouri- Kansas City(UMKC)azaman tunani da lamuni na ɗakin karatu.A lokacin da yake aiki a UMKC, a cikin 1957,Foster ta buga littafinta na *Sex Variant Women in Literature:A Historical and Quantitative Survey*.Foster ya shafe sama da shekaru ashirin yana bincike da rubuta aikin,irinsa na farko,wanda ya ba da tarihin kusan shekaru 2600 na bambancin jima'i na mata ('yan madigo,bisexuals da transsexuals) a cikin adabi.A cikin 1960 Foster ya yi ritaya daga UMKC kuma ya koma St.Charles tare da Toliver, mahaifiyarta,da kuma wata abokiyar madigo na Toliver,Dorothy Ross (1905-1986).Sun zauna a can har zuwa 1974,lokacin da Toliver ya yi ritaya kuma dukansu sun yanke shawara su zauna a Pocahontas, Arkansas. Lafiyar Foster ta fara raguwa a tsakiyar shekarun 1960,kuma a ranar 7 ga Janairun 1974 ta yi mata tiyatar lumbar ta kashin baya wanda ya bar mata rauni.Foster ta zaɓi ƙaura zuwa gidan jinya don guje wa ɗora wa abokan aikinta nauyi da kulawarta,kuma a ranar 1 ga Afrilu 1975 ta ƙaura zuwa Gidan Kula da Kula da Lafiya na Randolph County kusa.

Foster shine wanda ya karɓi lambar yabo ta 1974 Stonewall Littafin don *Matan Bambancin Jima'i a cikin Adabi* .Ta ba da gudummawar almara da sake dubawa ga *Tsani*.Foster ta rayu don ganin littafinta na 1956 da aka yaba a matsayin takaddar kafa sabon yanki na malanta.Ta kasance abokai tare da Valerie Taylor da Marie Kuda,waɗanda suka kafa taron marubutan madigo na farko na ƙasa a Amurka.Taylor ya sadaukar da taron farko a 1974 zuwa Foster.A cikin Oktoba 1974,bayan Foster ya sami lambar yabo ta Stonewall Book Award, Valerie Taylor ya buga mata girmamawa a cikin Chicago Gay Crusader,yana jadada mahimmancin *Matan Bambancin Jima'i a cikin Adabi* da bayyana shi a matsayin tushen littafin ba kawai ga masu binciken homophile ba har ma don adabi.masoya,al'umma trends dalibai,da kuma masu fafutukar neman 'yancin ɗan adam.

A cikin 1998 an shigar da Foster cikin Babban Gay na Chicago da Zauren Fame na Madigo .

A cikin 2008,an buga tarihin farko na Foster,*Mace Bambancin Jima'i* ta Joanne Passet.A cikin 2019,an shigar da Foster cikin Zauren Adabin Adabin Chicago na Fame.

## Manazarta