Amine gas magani

**Amine gas magani**, wanda aka fi sani da amine scrubbing, gas sweetening da acid gas removal, yana nufin ƙungiyar matakai waɗanda ke amfani da mafita na ruwa na amines" id="mwDQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Amine">alkylamines daban-daban (wanda ake kira kawai amines) don cire hydrogen sulfide (H2) da carbon dioxide (CO2) daga iskar gas.   Yana da tsari na yau da kullun da ake amfani da shi a cikin masu tsabtace, kuma ana amfani da shi azaman tsire-tsire na man fetur, tsire-tire na sarrafa iskar gas da sauran masana'antu.

Hanyoyi a cikin masu tsabtace mai ko tsire-tsire masu sarrafa sinadarai waɗanda ke cire Hydrogen Sulfide ana kiransu hanyoyin "sweetening" saboda ƙanshin samfuran da aka sarrafa yana inganta ta hanyar rashin "mai zaki" hydrogen sulfide. Wani zaɓi ga amfani da amines ya haɗa da Fasahar membrane. Koyaya, rabuwa da membrane ba shi da kyau saboda babban birnin da farashin aiki da sauran abubuwan fasaha.

Ana amfani da amines daban-daban a cikin maganin gas:

* Diethanolamine (DEA)
* Monoethanolamine (MEA)
* Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA)
* Diisopropanolamine (DIPA)
* Aminoethoxyethanol (Diglycolamine) (DGA)

Amines da aka fi amfani da su a cikin masana'antu sune alkanolamines DEA, MEA, da MDEA. Ana amfani da waɗannan amines a cikin masu tsabtace mai da yawa don cire iskar gas mai zaki daga hydrocarbons na ruwa kamar iskar mai mai (LPG).

## Bayani game da mai ba da magani na amine
Gases da ke dauke da  ko duka H2S da CO galibi ana kiransu *iskar gas* mai zaki ko iskar acid a cikin masana'antun sarrafa hydrocarbon.  

Kimiyyar da ke cikin maganin amine na irin waɗannan iskar gas ya bambanta da wani abu tare da amfani da amine. Ga daya daga cikin amines na yau da kullun, monoethanolamine (MEA) wanda aka nuna a matsayin **RNH<sub>2</sub>**, ana iya bayyana aikin acid-base wanda ya shafi protonation na amine electron guda biyu don samar da ƙungiyar ammonium mai caji (RNH + 3) kamar haka:

: RNH2 +  RNH+3 + HS− 
: RNH2 + H2CO3 RNH+3 + HCO−3

Sakamakon jinsunan da aka rarraba da ionized da suka fi narkewa a cikin mafita an kama su, ko kuma an cire su, ta hanyar amine kuma don haka a sauƙaƙe cire su daga yanayin gas. A fitowar amine scrubber, iskar gas mai zaki ta ƙare a cikin  da CO.  

A typical amine gas treating process (the Girbotol process, as shown in the flow diagram below) includes an absorber unit and a regenerator unit as well as accessory equipment.  In the absorber, the downflowing amine solution absorbs and reacts with   and CO2 from the upflowing sour gas to produce a sweetened gas stream (i.e., a gas free of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide) as a product and an amine solution rich in the absorbed acid gases.  The resultant "rich" amine is then routed into the regenerator (a stripper with a reboiler) to produce regenerated or "lean" amine that is recycled for reuse in the absorber. The stripped overhead gas from the regenerator is concentrated   and CO2.

### Sauran matakai
Sauran saiti na stripper sun haɗa da matrix, musayar ciki, abinci mai haske, da matsin lamba da yawa tare da raba abinci. Yawancin waɗannan saitunan suna ba da ƙarin ƙwarewar makamashi don takamaiman kayan narkewa ko yanayin aiki. Ayyukan iska yana son masu narkewa tare da ƙananan zafi na sha yayin da aiki a matsin lamba na al'ada yana son masu warwarewa tare da babban zafi na sha. Masu narkewa tare da babban zafi na sha suna buƙatar ƙarancin makamashi don cirewa daga zafin jiki a ƙayyadadden ƙarfin. Matrix stripper yana dawo da kashi 40% na CO="true" id="mweA" typeof="mw:Transclusion">CO="true" id="mwdg" typeof="mw:Transclusion">CO a matsin lamba mafi girma kuma ba shi da rashin inganci da ke da alaƙa da mai tsinkaye da yawa. An rage makamashi da farashi tun lokacin da sake zagayowar aikin sake dafa ya ɗan ƙasa da mai tsinkaye na yau da kullun. Mai tsalle-tsalle na Musayar Cikin Gida yana da karamin rabo na tururi na ruwa zuwa CO2 a cikin rafin sama, sabili da haka ana buƙatar ƙaramin tururi. Tsarin matsin lamba da yawa tare da raba abinci yana rage kwarara zuwa cikin ɓangaren ƙasa, wanda kuma ke rage aikin daidai. Abinci mai haske yana buƙatar shigar da zafi kaɗan saboda yana amfani da zafi mai ɓoye na tururi na ruwa don taimakawa cire wasu CO2 a cikin rafi mai arziki wanda ke shiga mai tsalle-tsalle a kasan shafi. Tsarin matsin lamba da yawa ya fi kyau ga masu narkewa tare da zafi mafi girma.

## Amines
Amine mai maida hankali a cikin maganin ruwa mai sha shine muhimmin ma'auni a cikin ƙira da aiki na tsarin maganin iskar amine. Dangane da wane ɗaya daga cikin amines huɗu masu zuwa an tsara naúrar don amfani da kuma waɗanne iskar gas ɗin da aka tsara don cirewa, waɗannan wasu ƙididdigar amine ne na al'ada, waɗanda aka bayyana a matsayin kashi na nauyi na amine mai tsabta a cikin maganin ruwa: 

:* Monoethanolamine: Kimanin 2% don cire H2 da CO2, kuma kusan 30% don cire CO2 kawai, inda kayan aikin shuka ya dace.  
:* Diethanolamine: Kimanin 2 zuwa 35% cire H2 da CO2 
:* Methyldiethanolamine: Kimanin 30 zuwa 55% don cire H2 da CO2 
:* Diglycolamine: Kimanin 40 zuwa 50% don cire H2 da CO2 

Zaɓin maida hankali ga amine a cikin maganin ruwa mai zagayawa ya dogara da dalilai da yawa, wanda ya haɗa da abun da ke cikin iskar gas ko mai mai mai mai na gas wanda ke ƙunshe da ƙananan maida hankali na duka H2 da CO2 ko kuma ko ɗayan yana kula da iskar gas tare da babban kashi na CO2 kamar yadda ake amfani da shi daga tsarin sake fasalin tururi da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin samar da iskar ammoniya ko iskar gas daga tashoshin wutar lantarki.

Both H2S and CO2 are acid gases and hence corrosive to unprotected carbon steel. Their corrosiveness are greatly enhanced in the presence of moisture. However, in an amine treating unit, CO2 is a stronger acid than H2S.  Furthermore hydrogen sulfide can form a passivating film of iron sulfide that may act to protect the steel. When treating gases with a high percentage of CO2, control of the CO2 loading in the amine is important to protect carbon steel from corrosion. Higher amine concentrations will have lower loading compared to lower concentrations at the same circulation rate.

Another factor involved in choosing the amine concentration is the relative solubility of H2S and CO2 in the selected amine. The choice of the type of amine will affect the required circulation rate of amine solution, the energy consumption for the regeneration and the ability to selectively remove either H2S alone or CO2 alone if desired. For more information about selecting the amine concentration, the reader is referred to Kohl and Nielsen's book.

### MEA da DEA
MEA da DEA sune amines na farko da na sakandare. Suna da tasiri sosai kuma suna iya kawar da babban ƙarar iskar gas yadda ya kamata saboda yawan haɓakawa. Koyaya, saboda stoichiometry, ƙarfin lodi yana iyakance zuwa 0.55&nbsp;mol CO 2 a kowace mole na amine.  MEA da DEA kuma suna buƙatar babban adadin kuzari don cire CO 2 yayin sabuntawa, wanda zai iya zama har zuwa 70% na jimlar farashin aiki. Har ila yau, sun fi lalata da rashin kwanciyar hankali a cikin sinadarai idan aka kwatanta da sauran amines idan taro ya wuce kima. 

### Sauran amines

An ba da shawarar piperazines don kama carbon da adanawa (CCS) saboda piperazine yana da inganci sosai a cire CO2.  Capacity na piperazine yana cikin iyakokin kuma saboda haka ana son shi don kama carbon. Ana iya sake farfado da piperazine ta hanyar zafi ta hanyar fasahar hasken wuta da sauran hanyoyin bayan an yi amfani da shi a yanayin aiki har zuwa 150 ° C kuma an sake amfani da shi cikin tsarin sha, yana ba da aikin makamashi mafi girma a cikin hanyoyin maganin iskar amine. An gudanar da nazarin shuka mai matukin jirgi.

## Amfani da shi
A cikin masu tsabtace mai, wannan iskar gas mafi yawa H2 ne, wanda yawancin sau da yawa ya fito ne daga tsarin cire sulfur da ake kira 2" href="./Hydrodesulfurization" id="mw6w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Hydrodesulfurization">hydrodesulfurization. Wannan rafin iskar gas mai wadataccen H2 yawanci ana tura shi cikin Tsarin Claus don canza shi zuwa sulfur na asali. A zahiri, yawancin tan 64,000,000 na sulfur da aka samar a duk duniya a shekara ta 2005 sun kasance sulfur ne daga masana'antun refineries da sauran masana'antun sarrafa hydrocarbon. Wani tsari na cire sulfur shine Tsarin WSA wanda ke dawo da sulfur a kowane nau'i a matsayin sulfuric acid. A wasu tsire-tsire, fiye da ɗaya amine absorber unit na iya raba na'urar sake farfadowa ta kowa. Karfafawa a halin yanzu kan cire CO2 daga iskar gas da ke fitowa daga masana'antun samar da man fetur ya haifar da sha'awa sosai wajen amfani da amines don cire CO2 (duba kuma: kama carbon da adanawa da kuma masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki ta al'ada).

A cikin takamaiman yanayin haɗin masana'antu na ammoniya, don tsarin sake fasalin tururi na hydrocarbons don samar da Hydrogen na gas, maganin amine yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka saba amfani da su don cire carbon dioxide mai yawa a cikin tsarkakewar hydrogen na gas.

A cikin samar da iskar gas wani lokacin ya zama dole a cire carbon dioxide daga iskar gas don yin shi kwatankwacin iskar gas. Cire wani lokaci babban abun ciki na hydrogen sulfide ya zama dole don hana lalata sassan ƙarfe bayan ƙone iskar gas.

### Kamawa da adanawa na carbon
Ana amfani da amines don cire CO2 a yankuna daban-daban daga samar da iskar gas zuwa masana'antar abinci da abin sha, kuma sun kasance tun daga 1930.

Akwai rarrabuwa da yawa na amines, kowannensu yana da halaye daban-daban da suka dace da kama CO2. Misali, monoethanolamine (MEA) yana amsawa sosai tare da CO2 kuma yana da saurin amsawa da ikon cire manyan kashi na CO2, har ma a ƙananan CO2. Yawanci, monoethanolamine (MEA) na iya kama kashi 85% zuwa 90% na CO2 daga iskar gas na shuka mai amfani da kwal, wanda shine ɗayan mafi inganci don kama CO2. 

Kalubale na kama carbon ta amfani da amine sun hada da:

* Rashin matsin gas yana ƙara wahalar canja wurin CO2 daga gas zuwa amine
* Abun iskar oxygen na gas na iya haifar da lalacewar amine da samar da acid
* Ragewar CO2 na amines na farko (da na biyu) 
* Amfani da makamashi mai yawa
* Babban gine-gine
* Neman wurin da ya dace (ƙarin dawo da mai, zurfin saline aquifers, duwatsun basaltic...) don zubar da CO2 da aka cire 

Matsi na bangare shine ƙarfin motsawa don canja wurin CO2 zuwa cikin yanayin ruwa. A karkashin matsin lamba, wannan canja wurin yana da wuyar cimma ba tare da kara aikin zafi na reboilers ba, wanda zai haifar da farashi mafi girma.

Amines na farko da na biyu, alal misali, MEA da DEA, za su amsa tare da CO2 kuma su samar da samfuran lalacewa. O2 daga iskar gas din zai haifar da lalacewa. Amine da ya lalace ba zai iya kama CO2 ba, wanda ke rage ingancin kama carbon gaba ɗaya.

A halin yanzu, ana haɗa nau'ikan amine iri-iri kuma ana gwada su don cimma saiti mai kyau na kaddarorin gaba ɗaya don amfani a cikin tsarin kama CO2. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da aka mayar da hankali shine rage makamashi da ake buƙata don sake farfadowa, wanda ke da babban tasiri ga farashin tsari. Koyaya, akwai cinikayya da za a yi la'akari da ita. Misali, makamashi da ake buƙata don sake farfadowa yawanci yana da alaƙa da ƙarfin motsa jiki don cimma babban ƙarfin kamawa. Don haka, rage makamashi na sake farfadowa na iya rage ƙarfin motsawa kuma ta haka ne ƙara adadin mai narkewa da girman mai sha da ake buƙata don kama adadin CO2, don haka, ƙara farashin babban birnin.

## Manazarta