Sinimar kasar Ukrain tun daga samun 'yancin kai

**Cinema na Ukrain a zamanin samun 'yancin** kai yana da alaƙa da durkushewar masana'antar fim a cikin shekara ta 1990s da ƙoƙarin sake gina ta a cikin shekarun 2000s da 2010s tun bayan ayyana 'yancin kai na Ukraine bayan ƙuri'ar raba gardama ta 'yancin kai na 1991. Duk da cewa masana'antar fina-finai ta tsakiya tana raguwa, ɗakunan fina -finai masu zaman kansu, kamfanonin rarrabawa da kuma hanyar sadarwar silima suna haɓaka. A cikin 2010s, adadin gajeren fina-finai a Ukraine yana girma da sauri saboda haɓaka fasahar dijital da rage farashin samarwa. Ko da yake masana’antar fina-finai ta yi asara a wancan lokacin, fina-finan Ukraine da dama sun yi nasara a bukukuwan fina-finai na duniya.

## Manufofin jihar na Ukraine a fagen shirye-shiryen sinima

A ranar 5 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1988, Verkhovna Rada na Ukrainian SSR ya rushe kwamitin Jiha don shirye-shiryen sinima, wanda ya bar Ukraine ba tare da wata hukuma mai alhakin ci gaban cinema ba. Bayan da Ukraine ta sami 'yancin kai, Yuriy Illyenko yayi ƙoƙari ya maido da irin wannan tsarin ta hanyar ƙirƙirar Asusun Jiha na Cinematography na Ukrainian a watan Agusta shekara ta 1991, wanda ya yi aiki har zuwa Mayu shekara  ta 1993. Derzhkino ya ci gaba da ayyukansa ne kawai a cikin shekara ta 2005 bayan umarnin majalisar ministocin Ukraine na 22 ga Nuwamba shekara ta 2005. Hanna Chmil ta zama shugaban farko na sabon Derzhkino .

An amince da tsarin manufofin jihar na Ukraine a kan batun sinima a ranar 13 ga Janairu shekara ta 1998, lokacin da Verkhovna Rada na Ukraine ya karbi Dokar Ukraine "A Cinematography". A cikin Maris 2017, sabuwar Dokar Ukraine "A kan goyon bayan jihar don cinematography a Ukraine" da aka karɓa, bisa ga abin da Ukrainian takardun shaida, ilimi, mai rai, yara, auteur da na farko fina-finai na iya neman cikakken jihar kudade na samarwa.

## Tarihi na sinimar Ukrain a lokacin samun 'yancin kai

### Siniman Ukrain a 1990s

A cikin shekara ta 1990s, saboda rushewar Tarayyar Soviet da rikicin tattalin arziki, Ukrainian cinema ya fara raguwa.

Yawan ’yan kallo a sinima ya ragu daga miliyan 552 a shekara ta 1990 zuwa 5.miliyan - a 1999. A lokaci guda kuma, masu sauraron tashoshin TV suna karuwa a hankali. Adadin masu zanga-zangar ya ragu daga 27 a 1990 zuwa 8 a 1999. Yawan fina-finan da aka yi a Ukraine a kowace shekara ya ragu daga 45 a 1992 zuwa 4 a 2000. Daga cikin fina-finai 136 da aka yi a Ukraine a cikin 1990s, 82 an yi su cikin Rashanci .

A cikin 1990s, an yi ƙoƙarin sayar da sinimar Ukrainian. Ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci ne suka ba da izini da daukar nauyin shirya fina-finai. Wannan al'amari ya shafi abubuwan da ke cikin fina-finai kuma ya sa su zama mafi kyawun hali. Wasan kwaikwayo na laifuka, kasada da fina-finan batsa sun samu karbuwa.

Manyan daraktoci na 1990s sun hada da Radomyr Vasylevsky, Mykola Zasieiev-Rudenko, Anatoliy Ivanov, Hryhoriy Kokhan, Oleksandr Muratov, Borys Nebiieridze, Alexander Polynnikov, da Dmytro Tomashpolskyi. Kira Muratova ya samar da kusan fina-finai biyar a cikin 1990s.

A farkon shekarun 1990s, TV jerin aka rayayye yin fim don Ukrainian talabijin. **' (Ukrainian: « ''Роксолана»'' ), wanda Borys Nebiieridze ya jagoranta, **' (Ukrainian: « *Острів любові»*, tr.: *Ostriv Liubovi* ), wanda Oleh Biyma ya jagoranta na daga cikin shahararrun mutane.

### Sinimar Ukrain a 2000s

A farkon shekarun 2000, fim ɗin *[[With Fire and Sword (film)|With Fire and Sword]]* (Yaren mutanen Poland : «*Ogniem i mieczem»* ) na darektan Poland Jerzy Hoffman, wanda ɗan wasan Ukraine Bohdan Stupka ya taka rawar Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, ya kasance babbar nasara. Bohdan Stupka ya zama babban hetman na Ukrainian allo - ya kuma yi rawar a cikin tarihi jerin *Black Council* ( Ukrainian: «*Чорна рада»* ) by Mykola Zasieiev-Rudenko (2000) da Yurii Illienko's fim *A addu'a ga Hetman Mazepa* (Ukrainian: «*Молитва за гетьмана Мазепу»* (2001).

Jigogi na tarihi kuma sun zama jagora a cikin aikin darekta Oles Yanchuk. A cikin 1990s da farkon tsakiyar shekarun 2000s, ya yi irin fina-finai kamar *Famine-33* (Ukrainian: «*Голод-33»* ) (1991) game da mummunan makoma na dangin Ukrainian a lokacin Holodomor, *Kisa.* *Kisan kaka a Munich* ( *Ukrainian: «Атентат –Осіннє вбивство у Мюнхені»* ) (1995), *The Undefeated* (Ukrainian: «*Нескорений»* ) (2000) da kuma *The Company na* Hroini (2000 *)* (2004). Sun kasance yunƙuri ne don isar da ga mai kallo wani imani na sirri game da abin da ya faru da kuma yaƙin Sojojin Tawayen Ukraine daga idanun wani kwararren darekta, suna gabatar da labarin akida bisa ga hanyoyin Soviet.

Tun daga shekara ta 2004, an yi fina-finai da yawa game da juyin juya halin Orange . An rufe wannan lokacin a cikin fina-finai da yawa, musamman: *The Orange Sky* (Ukrainian: « *Помаранчеве небо»* ) (2006, wanda Oleksandr Kyryenko ya jagoranta), *Stop Revolution/Prorvemos!* (Ukrainian: «*Прорвемось!»* ) (2006, directed by Ivan Kravchyshyn), *Orangelove* (Ukrainian: «*Оранжлав»)* (2006, ta Alan Badoev ).

Daga cikin fina-finan da ke da mafi yawan kasafin kuɗi na farkon shekarun 2000s shine *Sappho (* Ukrainian *: Сафо)* ($ 1.95 miliyan).

### Sinimar Ukrain a 2010s
Cigaba wajen samar da fina-finai ya sama karuwa a hankali a Ukraine ya kasance a cikin 2010s. Saboda ci gaban fasaha, rage farashin da kuma masu sauraro da ake bukata na kayayyakin fina-finai na gida (musamman bayan juyin juya halin mutunci ), yawan fina-finai yana karuwa sosai. https://naglyad.org/uk/2018/01/02/divis-ukrayinske-yak-vitchiznyane-kino-otrimalo-nove-zhittya/ https://report.if.ua/rozvagy/u-2017-roci-ukrayinski-filmy-pobyly-rekordy-za-kasovymy-zboramy-perelik-najkrashchyh/ Wani sabon ƙarni na masu yin fina-finai sun zo fim ɗin Ukrainian. Ayyukan gama kai na masu gudanarwa na Ukraine suna bayyana: *Assholes.* *Arabesques* (Ukrainian: «*Мудаки.* *Арабески»* ), *Ukraine, Barka da zuwa!* (Ukrainian: «*Україно, ban kwana»* ), *Babila'13 (* Ukrainian: «*Вавилон'13»* ).

Bikin fina-finai na Ukrain, musamman " Molodist ", Odessa International Film Festival, Docudays UA, Wiz-Art, "Open Night", da "86" sun zama mahalarta masu mahimmanci a cikin tsarin cinematographic.

Watsa fina-finai na Ukrainian yana samun karuwar nasara. Mafi nasara fina-finai a cikin Ukrainian cinemas ne *Haramtacciyar daular / Viy* (Ukrainian: «*Вій»* ) (akwatin ofishin a Ukraine $ 4.9 miliyan), *Love a cikin Big City 3* (Ukrainian: «*Кохання у великому місті 3»* ) ($ 3.1 miliyan). ), *8 Mafi kyawun* Kwanan Wata (Ukrainian: «*8 кращих побачень»* ) ($ 3.1 miliyan).

Wani muhimmin al'amari dangane da ayyukan sinima na Ukrainian shine sabuwar Dokar "A kan Tallafin Jiha don harkokin sinima" https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1977-19#Text  https://detector.media/rinok/article/124458/2017-03-24-zakon-pro-kino-ie-revolyutsiynym-navit-u-noviy-redaktsii-opytuvannya/ da aka karɓa a cikin Maris 2017, bisa ga abin da takardun shaida na Ukrainian, ilimi, mai rai, yara, mawallafi da fina-finai na farko na iya amfani da su. don cikakken tallafin jihar don samarwa.

### Yawan fina-finan Ukrain da aka saki
Kididdigar fina-finan Ukrain masu tsawo da aka saki (zanuka masu motsi) sun hada da https://www.cutinsight.com/ua/rekord-v-2016-godu-vyshlo-30-ukrainskih-kinopremer/ https://zaxid.net/kinoarifmetika_de_i_yak_chasto_ukrayintsi_divlyatsya_kino_n1472077 https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news-ukrainski-filmy-prokat-rekord/29716093.html https://mbr.com.ua/uk/news/analytics/1409-boks-ofis-ukrayini-u-2019-roci-novii-rekord-kasovih-zboriv :

* 2006&nbsp;- 4
* 2007&nbsp;- 5
* 2008&nbsp;- 5
* 2009&nbsp;- 2
* 2010&nbsp;- 0
* 2011&nbsp;- 1
* 2012&nbsp;- 6
* 2013&nbsp;- 12
* 2014&nbsp;- 16
* 2015&nbsp;- 24
* 2016&nbsp;- 30
* 2017&nbsp;- 34
* 2018&nbsp;- 35
* 2019-33

## Nasarar sinimar Ukrain a bukukuwan fina-finai na duniya

A cikin shekara ta 2001 Taras Tomenko ya lashe kyautar sashen Panorama na bikin Fim na Berlin Film Festival.

A cikin shekara ta 2003 a Babban Gasa na Berlinale guda ɗaya (bikin fina-finai na Berlin), ɗan gajeren fim ɗin *Tram No.9* (Ukrainian: « *Йшов трамвай 9»* ) na Ukrainian animator Stepan Koval an ba shi kyautar Silver Bear .

A cikin 2005 fim din *Wayfarers* (na Ukrain: « *Подорожн* і») ta matashin darektan Ukrainian Ihor Strembitsky ya karbi Palme d'Or na Cannes Film Festival .

A cikin shekara ta 2008, Ihor Podolchak ya fara halartar bikin fina-finai na duniya na Rotterdam tare da fim ɗin *Las Meninas* . Daga baya, fim din ya shiga cikin bukukuwan fina-finai na duniya 27, shirye-shiryen gasa 10 da zaɓi na hukuma. A cikin 2013 an fitar da fim dinsa mai cikakken tsayi na biyu *Delirium* . Dukansu fina-finan Podolchak ana ɗaukar su a matsayin misalan zane-zane a cikin sinimar Ukraine ta masu suka. https://forbes.ua/ua/lifestyle/1375422-rejting-forbes-10-najviznachnishih-kinorezhiseriv-ukrayini/1375431#cut 

A cikin 2011 Maryna Vroda ta sami Palme d'Or a bikin Cannes Film Festival don gajeren fim ɗin *Cross-Country Run* (Ukrainian: « *Кросс»* ).

A cikin 2009 ɗan gajeren fim na biyu na Myroslav Slaboshpytskyi, *Diagnosis* (Ukrainian: « *Діагноз»* ), an zaɓe shi don bikin Fim na Berlin . A cikin Fabrairu 2010, Slaboshpytskyi sabon ɗan gajeren aiki *Deafness* (Ukrainian: « *Глухота»* ) ya shiga cikin shirin gasa na Berlinale (Berlin Film Festival).

A cikin 2012, fim ɗin Myroslav Slaboshpytskyi na 23-minute film *Nuclear Waste* (Ukrainian: «*Ядерні відходи»*) wanda aka dauka a matsayin wani ɓangare na *Ukraine, Barka da zuwa!* aikin (Ukrainian: « *Україно, ban kwana* !»), ya lashe damisa Azurfa a cikin damisa na gaba shirin gasar a Locarno International Film Festival .

A cikin shekara ta 2014, fim ɗin fasalin Myroslav Slaboshpytskyi *The Tribe* (Ukrainian: « *Pлем'я»* ) ya shiga gasar Cannes Film Festival Critics' Week kuma ya sami lambobin yabo guda uku a lokaci ɗaya - Kyautar Gidauniyar Gan, Kyautar Ganowa da Grand Prix.

A cikin shekara ta 2017 a cikin shirin Generation 14plus layi daya sashe na Berlinale fim din *School No. 3* (Ukrainian: « *Школа №3»* ) directed by Georg Geno da Lisa Smith lashe Grand Prix. Kuma darektan Slovak Peter Bebiak ya sami lambar yabo ga mafi kyawun Daraktan fim ɗin Ukrainian-Slovak *Borde* r (Ukrainian: « *Межа»* ) a Karlovy Vary Film Festival .

A cikin 2018 Serhiy Loznytsia 's *Donbas* (Ukrainian: « *Донбасс»* ) ya lashe lambar yabo don mafi kyawun aikin gudanarwa a cikin shirin na musamman na Cannes Film Festival.

A cikin 2019, Fim ɗin Antonio Lukich *My Tunani Shiru ne* (Ukrainian: « *Мої думки тих* і») ya lashe Kyautar Jury na Musamman a Bikin Fim na 54th Karlovy Vary International. http://dergkino.gov.ua/ua/news/show/2074/moyi_dumki_tihi_golosno_prozvuchali_u_karlovih_varah.html 

A cikin shekara ta 2020 cikakken cikakken shirin shirin *Duniya Yana Shuɗi a matsayin Orange* (Ukrainian: « *Земля блакитна, ніби апельсин»* ) wanda Iryna Tsilyk ya jagoranta ya sami lambar yabo ga mafi kyawun darakta a bikin Fim na Sundance . https://moviegram.com.ua/winners-sundance-2020/

## Fina-Finan kasar Ukrain a lokacin samun 'yancin kai

### Fina-finai masu isasshen-tsawo na shekarun 1990s-2010s

## Duba kuma

* Cinema na Ukraine
* Duk-Ukrainian Photo Cinema Administration

## Tushen labari

* Госейко Любомир, «Історія українського кінематографа. 1896—1995», К.: KINO-КОЛО, 2005.  .
* «Нариси історії кіномистецтва України», Редкол .: В.Сидоренко та ін., Інститут проблем сучасного мистецтва Академія мистецтв України, Інтертехнологія, 2006.
* Брюховецька Лариса, «Приховані фільми. Українське кіно 1990–х», К.: АртЕк, 2003. ISBN&nbsp; .
* Фільми України 1992-1996. Каталог. / К., 1996-112 с.
* Фільми України 1997-2000. Каталог / К.&nbsp;- 2000-214 shekara.
* Фільми України. 2001-2004. Каталог / К.&nbsp;- 2005-282 shekara.
* Фільми України. 2005-2008. Каталог / К.&nbsp;- 2009-284 shekara.
* Фільми України. 2009-2012. Каталог / К.&nbsp;- Національна спілка кінематографістів України, 2013-100 с.
* Fina-finan Ukrainian 2008-09. Щорічний каталог кінопродукції / Ukrainian Cinema Foundation
* Jagoran Fim na Ukrainian. 2011-2012. Berlinale, 2012. Каталог
* Українські фільми 2012-2013. Каталог / Hukumar Fim ta Jihar Ukraine
* Documentary Films 2013-2015. Каталог
* Українські фільми 2015/2016
* Jagoran Fina-Finan Duniya. 2009. Bugu na 45. London & New York: Wallflower Press 2009, 
* Jagoran Fina-Finan Duniya. 2010. Bugu na 46. London & New York: Wallflower Press, 2010, 
*  . *Cinema of Sensations* . Newcastle a kan Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Press, 2015, , 

## Manazarta