Laifukan yaki na Chetnik a yakin duniya na biyu

**Chetniks, ƙungiyar Yugoslav da kuma ƙungiyar 'yan tawaye ta Serbia**, sun aikata Laifukan yaki da yawa a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, da farko an yi wa mutanen da ba na Serbia ba na Masarautar Yugoslavia, galibi Musulmai da Croats, da kuma Yugoslav Partisans da ke karkashin jagorancin Kwaminisanci da magoya bayansu. Yawancin masana tarihi da suka yi la'akari da tambayar suna la'akari le laifukan Chetnik a kan Musulmai da Croats a wannan lokacin a matsayin kisan kare dangi.

Yunkurin Chetnik ya jawo mambobinta daga kungiyar Chetnik ta tsakanin yaƙe-yaƙe da kungiyoyin 'yan kasa na Serbia daban-daban. Wasu masu ra'ayin Chetnik sun yi wahayi zuwa gare su ta hanyar yarjejeniyar Stevan Moljević ta Homogeneous Serbia a watan Yulin 1941, wanda ya bayyana iyakokin Babban Serbia mai tsabta. An gabatar da irin wannan takarda ga gwamnatin Yugoslav da ke gudun hijira a watan Satumbar 1941. Gwamnatin Yugoslav ta rungumi Chetniks da ra'ayoyinsu na asali, waɗanda tuni sun kasance wani ɓangare na tsarin siyasa na Yugoslavia kafin yakin. Wani umarni na Disamba 1941, wanda aka danganta ga shugaban Chetnik Draža Mihailović, a bayyane ya ba da umarnin Tsabtace kabilanci na Musulmai da Croats daga Sandžak da Bosnia da Herzegovina. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu ilimin akidar Chetnik, Dragiša Vasić, ya yi jayayya a watan Mayu na shekara ta 1942 cewa ya kamata a gudanar da canja wurin jama'a da fitar da su a lokacin bayan yakin.

Tun daga farkon yakin, Chetniks sun kori Musulmai da Croats daga yankunan da suke sarrafawa, kuma sun shiga cikin kisan kiyashi. A ƙarshen 1941, sun haɗu da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu masu goyon bayan Chetnik waɗanda suka shiga cikin tawaye da Ustaše-led Independent State of Croatia (NDH). Tare da taimakon Fascist Italiya, Chetniks sun kafa wani nau'i na gwamnati ta farar hula da soja a manyan sassan gabashin Bosnia, wanda ya biyo bayan matakan nuna bambanci da kisan kiyashi na wadanda ba Serbs ba a yankin. Yakin kisan kare dangi na Chetnik ya kai kololuwa tsakanin Oktoba 1942 da Fabrairu 1943. Rashin nasarar soja da asarar goyon bayan Allied ya tilasta wa Chetniks su daidaita manufofin su ga Croats da Musulmai. Duk da wadannan kokarin, kisan kiyashi na fararen hula ya ci gaba har zuwa karshen yakin. Hanyoyin ta'addanci a kan Croats sun kasance, aƙalla wani abu, martani ga ta'addancin da Ustaše ta yi; duk da haka, mafi girman kisan kiyashi na Chetnik ya faru a gabashin Bosnia inda suka riga sun riga sun riga duk wani muhimmin ayyukan Ustaše. Croats da Bosniaks da ke zaune a yankunan da aka nufa su zama wani ɓangare na Babban Serbia za a tsabtace su daga wadanda ba Serbs ba tare da la'akari ba, daidai da umarnin Mihailović na 20 Disamba 1941.

Kimanin yawan mutuwar da Chetniks suka haifar a Croatia da Bosnia da Herzegovina ya kasance daga 50,000 zuwa 68,000 Musulmai da Croats. Ga yankin Sandžak, fiye da mutane 5,000 da suka kamu da cutar sun yi rajista. Kimanin ƙauyuka 300 da ƙananan garuruwa sun lalace, tare da adadi mai yawa na masallatai da majami'un Katolika. A shekara ta 1946, an yanke wa Dragoljub Mihailović hukuncin aikata Laifukan yaki da cin amana, kuma an kashe shi tare da wasu kwamandojin Chetnik tara.

## Tarihi

### Lokacin tsakanin yaƙe-yaƙe
A lokacin yakin basasa a Masarautar Yugoslavia, tsoffin mayakan 'yan tawaye na Serbia da aka sani da Chetniks sun rabu zuwa kungiyoyi daban-daban, dangane da alakarsu da Jam'iyyar Democrat ko Jam'iyyar Radical ta Jama'a. Kungiyoyin da suka haɗa kai da Jam'iyyar Radical sun inganta ra'ayin Babban Serbia. Shugaban ɗayan irin wannan ƙungiyar shine Puniša Račić, wanda a cikin 1928 ya kashe wakilai biyu na Jam'iyyar Manoma ta Croatia (HSS) kuma ya ji rauni ga shugabanta, Stjepan Radić, a cikin Majalisar Yugoslav. Wadannan kungiyoyi sun rushe bayan da Sarki Alexander ya sanya mulkin kama-karya a 1929, kuma yawancin mambobinsu sun koma asalin "Chetnik Association for Freedom and Honor of the Fatherland" wanda ya ci gaba da aiki. A cikin 1932, Kosta Pećanac ya zama shugaban kungiyar Chetnik .  A matsayinsa na shugaban kasa, ya canza shi zuwa ƙungiyar siyasa ta Serbia mai tsattsauran ra'ayi kuma ya ba da izinin shiga ga waɗanda ba tsofaffi ba. A shekara ta 1938, membobin sun karu zuwa kusan 500,000.

An kafa kwamitocin kungiyar Chetnik a duk faɗin Bosnia da Herzegovina, musamman a gabashin Bosnia, a yankunan da suka yi la'akari da su a nan gaba da fadada Serbia. An kuma kafa kananan kwamitoci a Croatia, galibi a yankunan da Serbs ke zaune. Sun yi aiki a matsayin kungiyoyin soja kuma sun shiga cikin ayyukan tashin hankali a cikin shekarun 1930, gami da kisan kai. 'Yan adawa na Croat da Slovene ga Kungiyar Chetnik sun haifar da haramtacciyar ta a Banovinas tare da yawancin kabilun Croat da Slovenian. Wasu daga cikin sassanta sun ci gaba da aiki a waɗancan yankuna a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, a kan raguwa. Kwamitocin Chetnik da kungiyoyi masu irin wannan shirin sun yi tsayayya da kafa Banovina mai cin gashin kanta na Croatia, wanda aka tattauna a watan Agustan 1939 a karkashin Yarjejeniyar Cvetković-Maček ta shugabannin siyasa na Croatia da Serbia. Sun yi kira ga kirkirar Banovina na Serbia, tare da sassan Bosnia da Herzegovina da bakin tekun Dalmatian waɗanda aka haɗa a cikin Banovina na Croatia. A karkashin jagorancin Kungiyar Al'adu ta Serbia, an kafa wani motsi da ake kira "Serbs united" (*Srbi na okup*),  wanda ya yi iƙirarin cewa matsayin Serbs a cikin Banovina na Croatia yana cikin haɗari. Kungiyoyin Pro-Chetnik sun kasance masu aiki a cikin aikin motsi. Duk da ayyukanta, gami da korafi don rabuwa da gundumomin da suka fi rinjaye a Serbia, ƙungiyar ba ta sami goyon baya sosai tsakanin Serbia a Croatia ba. A cikin zaɓen kananan hukumomin Croatia na 1940, jam'iyyun da jerin sunayen da ƙungiyar ke tallafawa ba su yi kyau ba idan aka kwatanta da Jam'iyyar Democrat mai zaman kanta ta Serbia, memba na hadin gwiwar da ke mulki tare da HSS. A shekara ta 1941, akwai kusan 300 Chetnik da irin wadannan kungiyoyi a Bosnia da Herzegovina da kuma kusan 200 a Croatia.

### Yaƙin Duniya na II
A ranar 6 ga Afrilu 1941, Nazi Jamus, Italiya, da Hungary sun mamaye Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia ta mika wuya a ranar 17 ga Afrilu,  kuma ikon Axis ya raba kasar.  A arewacin Bosnia, wani rukuni na jami'ai da sojoji na Royal Yugoslav Army, karkashin jagorancin Colonel Draža Mihailović, sun ki mika wuya kuma suka tafi tsaunuka. Sun koma Ravna Gora a Serbia inda suka kafa hedkwatar su. Duk da yake ba su fito ne daga kungiyoyin Chetnik ba, bayan kafa wani kwamandan kwamandan, sun sanya kansu a matsayin "Chetnik Detachments of the Yugoslav Army". Daga baya aka canza sunansu zuwa "Sojojin Yugoslavia a cikin Ƙasar", amma an fi sani da Chetniks. Pećanac ya kuma tayar da 'yan tawaye, amma bai shiga cikin sojojin Axis ba, kuma ya cimma yarjejeniya a watan Agusta tare da gwamnatin Serbia da hukumomin Jamus. Sojojinsa ba su ba da hadin kai ga Mihailović.

## Manazarta