Hukuncin kisa a Ostiraliya

An soke **Hukuncin kisa a Ostiraliya** a duk yankuna tun Shekarar 1985. Queensland ta soke hukuncin kisa a shekara ta 1922. Tasmania ta yi haka a shekarar 1968. Commonwealth ta soke hukuncin kisa a shekarar 1973, tare da aikace-aikace kuma a Babban Birnin Australiya da Yankin Arewa. Victoria ta yi haka a shekara ta 1975, Kudancin Australia a shekarar 1976, da Yammacin Australia a shekara ta  1984. New South Wales ta soke hukuncin kisa don kisan kai a shekarar 1955, da kuma dukkan laifuka a shekarar 1985. A shekara ta 2010, Majalisar Tarayyar Commonwealth ta zartar da dokar da ta hana sake kafa hukuncin kisa ta kowace jiha ko yanki. Dokar Australiya ta haramta fitar da ko fitar da fursuna zuwa wani iko idan za a iya yanke musu hukuncin kisa saboda kowane laifi.

Kashe-kashen karshe a Ostiraliya ya faru ne a shekarar 1967, lokacin da aka rataye Ronald Ryan a Victoria bayan da aka yanke masa hukunci saboda kashe wani jami'in kurkuku yayin da yake tserewa daga gidan yarin Pentridge. Tsakanin hukuncin kisa na Ryan a shekarar 1967 zuwa shekara ta  1984, an yanke wa wasu mutane da yawa hukuncin kisa, amma an sauya hukuncin su zuwa ɗaurin rai da rai. An ba da hukuncin kisa na ƙarshe a watan Agustan shekarar 1984, lokacin da aka yanke wa Brenda Hodge hukuncin kisa a Yammacin Ostiraliya (kuma daga baya aka sauya hukuncin zuwa ɗaurin rai da rai).

## Tarihi

Kafin zuwan Turawa, an aiwatar da hukuncin kisa a karkashin Dokar al'ada ta Aboriginal, ko dai kai tsaye ko ta hanyar maita. A wasu lokuta ana iya hana wadanda aka yanke musu hukunci yin al'adun jana'izar. Kashe-kashen farko da aka yi a karkashin dokar Turai a Ostiraliya ya faru ne a Yammacin Ostiraliya a shekara ta  1629, lokacin da hukumomin Holland suka rataye masu tayar da kayar baya na *Batavia*.

Hukuncin kisa ya kasance wani ɓangare na tsarin shari'a na Ostiraliya tun lokacin da Burtaniya ta zauna. A cikin karni na 19, laifuka da za su iya ɗaukar hukuncin kisa sun haɗa da fashi, sata tumaki, karya, cin zarafin jima'i, kisan kai da kisan kai, kuma akwai rahoton mutum daya da aka kashe saboda "kasancewa ba bisa ka'ida ba". A cikin karni na 19, waɗannan laifuka sun ga kimanin mutane 80 da aka rataye a kowace shekara a duk faɗin Ostiraliya.

Jihohin Australiya da yankuna suna da dokoki game da luwadi a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma majalisun mulkin mallaka na ƙarni na sha tara sun riƙe tanadi wanda ya sanya aikin luwadi babban laifi har zuwa 1861.  Yawancin hukunce-hukuncen sun cire hukuncin kisa a matsayin hukunci don aikin ɗan luwaɗi, kodayake a Victoria ya kasance kamar haka lokacin da aka yi shi yayin da yake haifar da lahani na jiki ko ga mutumin da bai kai shekara goma sha huɗu ba har zuwa shekara ta 1949.

## Hukumomin Tarayya

### Commonwealth
A cikin 1973 Dokar Kaddamar da Hukuncin Mutuwa ta 1973 ta Commonwealth ta soke hukuncin kisa ga laifukan tarayya. Ya bayar a Sashe na 3 cewa Dokar ta shafi duk wani laifi da ya saba wa dokar Commonwealth, Yankin ko a karkashin Dokar Imperial, kuma a cikin s. 4 cewa " ba shi da alhakin hukuncin kisa ga kowane laifi"

Ba a taɓa aiwatar da kisa ba a ƙarƙashin dokokin aikata laifuka na Commonwealth, [dubious - tattauna] kuma wucewar Dokar Kaddamar da Hukuncin Mutuwa ta 1973 ta ga an maye gurbin hukuncin kisa da ɗaurin rai da rai a matsayin matsakaicin hukunci. A ranar 11 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2010, Majalisar Tarayya ta zartar da dokoki da ke hana sake gabatar da hukuncin kisa ta kowace jiha ko yanki a Ostiraliya. 

#### ''Dokar Laifukan Yakin 1945''
Bayan kammala yakin duniya na biyu, Gwamnatin Chifley ta zartar da *Dokar Laifukan yaki 1945*, wanda ya ba da damar shari'ar ma'aikatan soja na Japan da abokan aiki da ake zargi da laifukan yaki a yankunan Australiya. Wadannan gwaje-gwaje sun kasance daban ga Kotun Soja ta Duniya don Gabas ta Tsakiya daban-daban da ikon Allied ya shirya don shari'ar shugabannin farar hula na Japan.

## Manazarta