open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Chen Maiping

**Chen Maiping** (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 1952, a Changshu, Jiangsu  ) marubuci ne kuma mawaƙi ɗan ƙasar Sin da Sweden,  wanda aka sani da sunan alkalami **Wan Zhi** ( Ya rubuta gajerun labarai galibi, kuma ya fassara adabi daga Turanci da Yaren mutanen Sweden zuwa Sinanci.

A ƙarshen shekarun 1970 da farkon shekarun 1980, Chen ya kasance mai himma wajen bayar da gudummawa ga mujallar adabi ta ƙarƙashin ƙasa mai suna *[[Jintian (journal)|Jintian]]* ( *Today* ). Saboda wannan, hukumomin China sun sa masa ido, kuma tun daga shekarar 1986 yana zaune a gudun hijira .  Bayan kisan kiyashin Tiananmen Square a shekarar 1989, ya fara *Jintian* don 'yan China a gudun hijira da kuma masu adawa a cikin China.

Chen ya ƙaura zuwa Sweden a shekarar 1990. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, ya koyar da Sinanci a Jami'ar Stockholm,  kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai fassara.  Shi ne kuma mataimakin shugaban ƙasa kuma sakatare-janar na Cibiyar PEN ta Sin mai zaman kanta. &#x5B; ** &#x5D; Yana auren mai fassara kuma mai kula da laburare Anna Gustafsson Chen, wacce, a tsakanin wasu abubuwa, ta fassara wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel Mo Yan zuwa yaren Sweden. 

## Manazarta
Kerry Taylor (mace mai kasuwanci)

**Kerry Taylor** 'yar kasuwa ce ta Burtaniya kuma mai sayar da kayan ado ne a London. Ta kirkiro kuma ta mallaki gidan sayar da kaya na Kerry Taylor Auctions, wanda ta kafa a shekara ta 2003.

## Sana'a
Taylor ta je kwalejin fasaha a Arewacin Wales sannan ta yi aiki a matsayin mai karɓar baƙi a sansanin Sotheby da ke Chester, Ingila tana sayar da kasida. Ta ci gaba da aiki a Sotheby's na tsawon shekaru 20, tana aiki don haɓaka sashen tattara kayan tarihi.  A shekara ta 2003 ta yanke shawarar kafa gidan gwanjonta, ƙwararre a fannin kayan ado da yadi. Asalin wurin yana West Dulwich,   ɗakin sayar da kayan gwanjo na Kerry Taylor yanzu yana Bermondsey.

Taylor ta yi gwanjon kayayyakin da Gimbiya Diana,  Kate Middleton, Annabelle Neilson,  Amy Winehouse, Ava Gardner, Michael Jackson da sauransu ke sawa.  A shekarar 2009, ta yi gwanjon tarin kayan tarihi na Audrey Hepburn da kayan ado.  A watan Maris na 2013, Taylor ta yi gwanjon guda 10 daga cikin rigunan Gimbiya Diana  ciki har da rigar da ta saka yayin rawa tare da John Travolta a Fadar White House a 1985.   Taylor ta sake sayar da rigar da ake kira 'Travolta' a watan Disamba na 2019 kan farashin guduma na £220,000 ga Gidajen Tarihi na Royal Palaces .  Gidan gwanjon yana karbar bakuncin gwanjon guda shida a shekara, ciki har da gwanjon 'Passion for Fashion' wanda ke mai da hankali kan kayan ado na musamman da sauran tufafi masu kyau.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An haifi Kerry Taylor a Cheshire ga wani uba wanda manomi ne. Taylor ta girma a Arewacin Wales . Taylor ta auri Jon Baddeley, wanda take da 'ya'ya biyu. Yanzu tana auren Paul Mack, wani mai ginin tukwane. 

## Manazarta
Chen Yan (marubuci)

**Chen Yan** (Sinanci: 陈彦; an haife shi a shekara ta 1963) mai wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma marubuci litattafai na kasar Sin wanda aka fi sani da littafinsa The Protagonist wanda ya lashe labari yabo ta Mao Dun ta 10 a shekarar 2019, ɗaya daga cikin manyan kyaututtuka na wallafe-wallafen a kasar Sin.  Ya kasance wakili a Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa ta 17 da 18 ta Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta kasar Sin.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Chen a cikin Zhen'an County, Shaanxi, a cikin 1963. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 17, ya buga gajeren labarinsa na farko, Blasting (爆破), a cikin Shaanxi Workers' Literature and Art .  A shekara ta 2004 ya zama shugaban Cibiyar Binciken Opera ta Shaanxi.

## Ayyuka

### Labari

** Fassarar Turanci: The Backstage Clan . Horsham: Littattafan Sinoist. 2023. ISBN .&nbsp; 

### Wasan kwaikwayo

* Late-fureing Roses (da aka yi amfani da shi) 
* *Babban Itace Yana Motsawa zuwa Yamma* (babban itace zuwa Yamma) 
* *Labarin Babban Birnin Yamma* (Labari na西京) 

## Manazarta
Sarah Tucker (mai ba da izini)

**Sarah Georgina Tucker** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1968) ma'aikaciyar gwamnati ce ta Burtaniya kuma jami'ar diflomasiyya wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin gwamnan Montserrat daga 2022 zuwa 2025.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Tucker a shekarar 1968.  Tana auren Howard John Tucker,  kuma tana da 'ya'ya maza manya. 

Tucker ta yi aiki a Gallaher Group daga 1994 zuwa 2007. Daga 2008 zuwa 2011, ita ce Darakta kuma Mamallakin Tickling the Trout Ltd. 

## Gwamnati
Tucker ta fara aikin gwamnati a matsayin Mataimakiyar Daraktan Kasuwanci na Ofishin Harkokin Waje da Commonwealth (FCO) daga 2011 zuwa 2016. Bayan ta ɗauki hutun rashin kuɗi don zama Darakta a Pencabe Associates Ltd, ta koma FCO a matsayin Darakta na Ƙarfin Kamfanoni daga 2017 zuwa 2020. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin Shugabar Mayar da Jiragen Ruwa ta FCDO, Tucker ta zama Daraktan Dabaru na FCDO na Tsibirin Virgin na Burtaniya a 2020. A wannan matsayin,  ta yi aiki a Kwamitin Bincike na Tsibirin Virgin na Burtaniya na 2021. 

An naɗa Tucker a matsayin sabon Gwamnan Montserrat a watan Disamba na 2021, inda ta maye gurbin Andrew Pearce .  A ranar 5 ga Afrilu 2022, ta isa tare da mijinta a Montserrat.  Washegari, an rantsar da ita a matsayin Gwamna a wani zaman Majalisar Dokoki ta Montserrat na tsawon awanni biyu da aka gudanar a Cibiyar Al'adu ta Montserrat da ke Little Bay .  Bayan jawabai daga Mataimakin Gwamna,  Kakakin Majalisar, Firayim Minista, da Shugaban 'Yan adawa, Babban Lauya Sheree Jemmotte-Rodney sun rantsar da Tucker a matsayin sabon Gwamna. Daga baya, Tucker ta duba Hukumar 'Yan Sanda ta Royal Montserrat, Rundunar Tsaro ta Royal Montserrat, da Rundunar Cadet ta Makarantar Sakandare ta Montserrat . A wani liyafa, ta gana da 'yan majalisa, ma'aikatan gwamnati, da Majalisar Matasa. 

Tucker ta halarci bikin Ranar Laburare ta Duniya da aka gudanar a Laburare na Jama'a na Montserrat a ranar 16 ga Afrilu,  kuma ta yi jawabi ga mahalarta taron Commonwealth Games na 2022 Queen's Baton Relay a ranar 26 ga Afrilu.  Ta halarci taron bikin tunawa da ranar Elizabeth ta II ta Platinum Jubilee . 

## Manazarta
Juliette Thomas

**Juliette Suzanne Thomas** (an haife ta 7 Yuni 1964) 'yar kasuwa ce ta Burtaniya kuma mai tsara ciki wacce aka fi sani da bayyanarta a talabijin a shirin BBC Dragons 'Den, da kuma shirin Channel 4 Millionaires 'Mansions .  Thomas shine wanda ya kafa kuma mai mallakar kasuwancin ciki mai suna, Juliette's Interiors .

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Thomas a ranar 7 ga Yuni 1964 a Solihull . Ta yi karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Stratford-upon-Avon, ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1992. Bayan ta bar makarantar sakandare ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar magajin garin. Ta shiga Mysis a matsayin manajan tallace-tallace a shekarar 1988 kuma ta yi aiki a can har zuwa shekara ta 1997.

## Sana'a
Thomas da abokin zamanta sun rabu a shekarar 2005. Thomas ta sami jimillar tanadin £1,200, wanda ta yi amfani da shi wajen siyan kayan gida don sayarwa a eBay.  Ta yi nasarar sayar da kayayyakin sannan daga baya ta ƙaddamar da Juliette's Interiors, wani kamfanin sayar da kayan gida na alfarma da ke Landan. Da farko kasuwancin ya kasance na kan layi ne kawai, tare da mai sayar da kayan daki na gidan yanar gizo da kuma shafin yanar gizo na zane da salon rayuwa wanda Juliette Thomas ta rubuta a cikin salon edita, tana ba da ra'ayoyin ƙirar ciki, wahayi da shawarwari tare da labarai da yanayin masana'antu. 

A shekarar 2008 ta bayyana a shirin talabijin na BBC Dragons' Den don neman jari don kasuwancinta.  Duk da cewa 'yan daba sun yaba da kasuwancinta, ba ta sami tallafin kuɗi a shirin ba lokacin da ta bayyana cewa ba ta samun albashi daga kasuwancinta ba amma tana karɓar taimakon kuɗi daga gwamnati don tallafa mata da 'ya'yanta yayin da take gina kasuwanci. Duk da cewa Dragons da jama'a sun yaba mata, ta kuma sami wasiƙun ƙiyayya bayan fitowarta amma adadin masu ziyartar gidan yanar gizon ta ya tashi daga 13,000 a kowane wata zuwa 10,000 a kowane mako bayan shirin.  Deborah Meaden ta ziyarci Juliette a shirin talabijin na gaba Dragons' Den on Tour a shekarar 2009 don ba da rahoto kan yadda kasuwancinta ke ci gaba.

Thomas ta kuma bayyana a shirin ƙirar cikin gida, May the Best House Win on ITV a 2011.  A shekara mai zuwa kamfaninta ya zama Abokin Hulɗa na Masana'antu na Cibiyar Zane-zane ta Burtaniya . 

A shekarar 2013, Thomas ta buɗe ɗakin nunin Juliettes Interiors a kan titin Kings da ke Chelsea, Landan. Ta jawo hankalin kafofin watsa labarai na ƙasa da kafofin sada zumunta a shekarar 2016 lokacin da aka nuna ta a shirin talabijin na Channel 4 mai suna Millionaires' Mansions  kuma ta fito a cikin jaridar Daily Mirror . 

A shekarar 2018, gidan Juliettes Interiors na Provence Villa ya lashe kyautar Taurari 5 mafi girma a cikin kyaututtukan kadarorin Turai masu daraja  don Mafi kyawun Tsarin Cikin Gida na Gidaje Masu Zaman Kansu a Faransa.

A shekarar 2021 Juliette Thomas ta fito a shirin talabijin na 1 - Kashi na 6 na shirin talabijin na ITV Family Diaries . 

## Manazarta
Chen Zhaoyuan

**Chen Zhaoyuan** (Chinese; 1 ga Oktoba 1930 - 25 ga Yuni 2020) masanin injiniya ne na kasar Sin wanda ya kware a fannin Injiniyanci gine-gine da aikin kariya. Ya kasance memba na Cibiyar Injiniyan Injiniya ta kasar Sin (CCES).

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Chen a Ningbo, Zhejiang, a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1930. A shekara ta 1949 Cibiyar Fasaha ta Shanghai (yanzu Jami'ar Donghua) ta karbe shi, inda ya fi girma a fannin masana'antu. Jami'ar Tsinghua ce ta shigar da shi a shekarar 1950 kuma ya koyar a can lokacin da ya kammala karatu. Ya shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta kasar Sin a watan Maris na shekara ta 1953. A watan Agustan shekara ta 1957, ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin injiniya daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Harbin . Ya kasance masanin ziyara a Jami'ar Illinois a Urbana-Champaign tsakanin Afrilu 1983 da Afrilu 1984. An nada shi darektan Ma'aikatar Gine-gine a watan Satumbar 1984, yana aiki har zuwa Satumba 1988. Ya mutu daga rashin lafiya a Beijing, a ranar 25 ga Yuni 2020. 

*

## Daraja da kyaututtuka

* 1997 memba na Kwalejin Injiniya ta kasar Sin (CAE) 

## Manazarta
Chiang Kuei

**Wang Lin-du** (10 ga Oktoba 1908 - 17 ga Disamba 1980), wanda aka fi sani da sunansa **Chiang Kuei**, marubucin litattafan kasar Sin ne mai aiki a Taiwan.

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Chiang Kuei a kasar Sin. Yayinda yake saurayi, ƙungiyar May Fourth Movement (1919) ta rinjaye shi kuma ya shiga Kuomintang yana da shekaru 18 a Guangzhou. Ya yi aure yana da shekaru 29, kuma ya halarci kwaleji a Beijing. A shekara ta 1937 ya shiga rundunar sojojin kasar Sin a matsayin jami'in, kuma ya yi aiki na shekaru takwas a yakin da aka yi da Japan a yakin Arewa (Hebei, Henan, Anhui). Mahaifiyarsa da mahaifiyarta sun kashe su ne a shekarar 1945. Ya koma Taiwan tare da Kuomintang a shekarar 1948.

Chiang Kuei ya rubuta litattafai daga farkon shekarun 1950 zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1970. Littattafansa na farko da na biyu sune sanannun ayyukansa: The Whirlwind (an rubuta shi a 1952, an buga shi a 1959) da Rival Suns (1961). Dukansu suna adawa da kwaminisanci; na farko yana nuna kwaminisancin kasar Sin a cikin karkara, kuma na biyu a cikin birni (Wuhan).

Babban littafinsa na uku shi ne The Green Sea and the Blue Sky: A Nocturne (1964). Ya sami ɗan sharhi kaɗan. Yawancin litattafai sun biyo baya. Chiang Kuei ya rayu cikin matsanancin talauci, kuma an rubuta waɗannan littattafan ne don kuɗi.

## Ayyukan da aka fassara zuwa Turanci

## Manazarta
Caroline Waters

**Caroline Waters** OBE yar Birtaniya ce a kwamitin ba da shawara na Cibiyar Kulawa,  wacce ke karɓar kuɗi daga Majalisar Bincike ta Tattalin Arziki da Zamantakewa (ESRC).  Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugabar Hukumar Daidaito da 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Burtaniya daga Janairu 2013 zuwa Disamba 2022.  Ita ce kuma Mataimakiyar Shugabar Carers UK, kuma ta kasance Daraktar Jama'a da Manufofi a BT . Ta kasance a kwamitin ba da shawara kan Kula da Lafiya Mai Dorewa wanda ya ba da shawara kan shirin ESRC na Tallafin Kula da Lafiya Mai Dorewa, har zuwa ƙarshen shirin a 2021.  

A shekarar 2010 an ba ta lambar yabo ta OBE saboda aikinta kan ci gaban ayyukan albarkatun ɗan adam, bambancin ra'ayi da kuma daidaiton damammaki. 

## manazarta
Chu Hsi-ning

**Chu Hsi-ning** (an haife shi **Chu Ch'ing-hai**; 16 Yuni 1927 - 27 Maris 1998) marubuci ne na kasar Sin da ke zaune a Taiwan .

'Ya'yansa mata Chu T'ien-wen da Chu T'ian-hsin suma sanannun marubuta ne.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Chu a Suqian, kasar Sin . A shekara ta 1945, ya shiga kwalejin fasaha a Hangzhou, amma ya fita don shiga rundunar sojan kasa a cikin gwagwarmayar da ya yi da kwaminisanci. Ya kai matsayin kolonel. Ya kasance daya daga cikin sojoji da suka bi Chiang Kai-shek zuwa Taiwan a shekarar 1949. Ya zama sananne a matsayin marubuci a cikin shekarun 1950 kuma ya kasance mai amfani har zuwa mutuwarsa.

Ana iya haɗa shi da marubutan adawa da kwaminisanci ko marubutan soja; almara ta nuna sha'awar tasirin zamani a kan talakawa da kuma rikice-rikicen dakarun zamantakewa. Wadannan damuwa ne da ya gaji daga May Fourth Movement da marubutan shekarun 1930. Koyaya, Chu Hsi-ning, ba kamar yawancin marubutan kasar Sin na shekarun 1930 ba, mai ra'ayin mazan jiya ne. Labaransa suna ƙarfafa dabi'un al'umma na gargajiya da kuma ra'ayi na Kirista na duniya.

Chu shine mahaifin marubuta Chu T"ien-wen da Chu T"ian-hsin, tare da wanda ya shiga cikin jerin wallafe-wallafe uku a ƙarshen shekarun 1970. "Uku" suna tsaye ne ga Ka'idoji Uku na Jama'a da kuma allahntaka ta Kirista.

## Ayyukan da aka fassara zuwa Turanci

"Dawn" an daidaita shi a cikin fim na 1968 wanda Sung Tsun-shou ya jagoranta kuma Li Han-hsiang ya samar da shi, tare da Peter Yang.
Chung Li-ho

**Chung Li-ho** (Sinanci: 鍾理和 (pinyin Zhong Lihe), Hakka transliteration: Ch__tsn____tsn____ttsn____sn____tstsn____ssn____tsins____tsn__ Lî-fò ko Ts__tsn__ Li-fô) Disamba 15, 1915 - Agusta 4, 1960, marubuci ne daga Taiwan wanda ya shahara galibi don fiction. Ya kasance Liudui Hakka (Sinanci: 六堆客家人), an haife shi a Garin Gaoshu, Pingtung a cikin 1915, wanda ya koma tare da iyayensa zuwa sabon gonar 'ya'yan itace da kofi da aka saya a Meinong a cikin shekara ta 1932. Tserewa da wata mace saboda dangantakarsu ta sunan mahaifiyarsu ta kasance haramtacciya a cikin al'ummarsu,  ya zauna a kasar Sin da Japan ta mamaye - Shenyang da Beijing - tsakanin 1938 da 1946. Ya mutu daga tarin fuka yana da shekaru 44  a Meinong yayin da yake sake duba aikinsa na karshe kuma mai yiwuwa mafi kyau, wani labari mai taken "Rain" (Sinanci: 雨).

## Kyauta
Akwai Gidan kayan gargajiya na Chung Li-ho, wanda ke cikin Meinong, Kaohsiung an sadaukar da shi ga Chung. An nuna rayuwarsa a matsayin China, My Native Land, fim na 1980 wanda Li Hsing ya jagoranta, wanda ke nuna taken da sauran waƙoƙin Teresa Teng. Ɗan fari na Chung,  , marubuci ne mai cin nasara na fiction da rubutu. Asteroid 237187 Zhonglihe, wanda Xiangyao Hsiao da Ye Quan-Zhi suka gano a Lulin Observatory a cikin 2008, an sanya masa suna a cikin ƙwaƙwalwarsa. Cibiyar Minor Planet Center ce ta buga bayanin sunan hukuma a ranar 12 ga Oktoba 2011 ().

## Dubi kuma

* Gidan kayan gargajiya na Chung Li-ho
* Sadarwar Abokai na Littattafai

## Manazarta
Christa Anbeek

**Christa Anbeek** ( Barneveld, 1961) ƙwararriyar masaniyar ilimin addinin Holland ce, farfesa kuma shugabar makarantar hauza ta Remonstrants . A matsayinta, ita babbar jigo ce a cikin 'yan'uwantaka ta Remonstrants, wata al'umma mai imani da ta himmatu ga Kiristanci mai 'yanci da haƙuri,  a cikin al'adar Arminian .

## Sana'a
An horar da Anbeek a matsayin masanin ilimin tauhidi kuma ta fara aikinta a matsayin mai kula da ruhaniya a sashen ilimin tabin hankali . A shekarar 2008, Anbeek ta haɗu da Jami'ar Nazarin Dan Adam da ke Utrecht a matsayin babbar malamar jami'a . Tun daga shekarar 2012, tana aiki a matsayin farfesa ta musamman a fannin Tauhidin Remonstrant kuma shugabar Kwalejin Remonstrants a Jami'ar VU Amsterdam . A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ta rubuta wani littafi mai taken "triptych" game da ma'anar mutuwa, wanda ya jawo hankalin masu sauraro da yawa: Overlevingskunst ("Art of survival", 2010), The Art of Survival: Living with the Death of a Loved One ("Mountain of the soul", tare da Ada de Jong, 2013) da Aan de heidenen overgeleverd ("Delivered to the Gentiles", 2013). Rauni, ƙarshen rayuwa, da fasahar rayuwa muhimman jigogi ne a cikin aikinta na ilimi.

## Littattafai (zaɓi)

* Anbeek, CW (2018). *Voor Joseph en zijn broer. Van overleven naar spelen en andere zaken van ultiem belang* .
* Anbeek, CW (2014). *Een pelgrimstocht naar de toekomst*
* Anbeek, CW (2013). Isar da shi zuwa ga Heathens ( *Aan de heidenen overgeleverd. Hoe theologie de 21ste eeuw kan overleven.* )
* Anbeek, CW & Jong, A. de (2013). Dutsen Rai: Muƙalar Kai Kan Rayuwa Mai Rauni
* Anbeek, CW (2010). Fasahar Rayuwa: Rayuwa da Mutuwar Wanda Aka Ƙauna

## Manazarta
Cong Weixi

**Cong Weixi** (Chinese; 7 Afrilu 1933 - 29 Oktoba 2019), wanda kuma ya yi amfani da sunayen alkalami **Bi Zheng** da **Cong Ying**,  marubucin litattafan kasar Sin ne. An hukunta shi a matsayin "mai adawa" a lokacin Yakin Anti-Rightist a shekara ta 1957, ya shafe shekaru 20 a cikin sansanonin Laogai ("reform ta hanyar aiki"). Bayan da aka sake shi a shekara ta 1978, ya buga littafin farko na kasar Sin game da laogai kuma ya kafa nau'in "High Wall Literature" wanda ke nuna raunin da fursunonin siyasa suka sha a sansanonin aiki. Yana da tasiri sosai a cikin yanayin wallafe-wallafen bayan Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu, an fassara ayyukansa zuwa harsuna da yawa.

## Rayuwa ta farko da aiki
A lokacin Yakin Hundred Flowers, lokacin da gwamnatin Kwaminisanci ta gayyaci ra'ayoyi da zargi daga masu ilimi, Cong ya buga rubutun "A Few Questions Concerning Socialist Realism" a cikin fitowar Afrilu 1957 na mujallar Beijing Literature and Art, inda ya yi tambaya game da bukatar adjective "socialist" a cikin hakikanin zamantakewar al'umma kuma ya jaddada siyasa da kuma ya karfafa rubuce-rubucen tsari. Abokinsa   ya kuma rubuta wata kasida da ke sukar gaskiyar gurguzu a cikin wannan mujallar.

## Manazarta
Kresse Wesling

**Kresse Anne-Marie Wesling** CBE (an haife ta a shekara ta 1976 or 1977) 'yar kasuwa ce ta Burtaniya da aka haifa a Kanada  kuma co-kafa kamfanin kayan haɗi na **Elvis da Kresse**. Ta kasance farfesa mai ziyara a Jami'ar Oxford's Said Business School . 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Wesling a Edmonton, Alberta, Kanada a 1976 or 1977  kuma ta ƙaura zuwa Hong Kong tana da shekaru 17 don yin karatun digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Li Po Chun United World College daga 1994 zuwa 1996.  Ta yi karatun siyasa da nazarin Gabashin Asiya a Jami'ar McGill da ke Kanada daga 1996 zuwa 1999.  

## Sana'a
Wesling ta kafa kamfanin marufi na muhalli a Hong Kong a shekarar 2002, kuma ta kawo shi Birtaniya a shekarar 2004. Daga nan ta shiga cikin wani kamfanin kula da jarirai mai dorewa, Babaloo, da kuma wani kamfanin tufafi, Yew Clothing. 

Wesling ta haɗu da membobin Rundunar Kashe Gobara ta London a wani kwas na horo kuma ta gano, a cikin tattaunawa, cewa bututun kashe gobara da aka jefar suna zuwa wurin zubar da shara .  Ganin cewa bututun yana da matsakaicin tsawon rai na shekaru 25, wannan yana wakiltar adadi mai yawa na bututun roba da ake zubarwa kowace shekara. Ita da abokin aikinta "Elvis" (sunan gaske **James Henrit** )  sun binciki yiwuwar amfani da kayan kuma, a cikin 2005, sun kafa kamfaninsu Elvis da Kresse don yin jakunkuna da sauran kayan haɗi.  Kamfanin ya ba da rabin ribar da ya samu ga ƙungiyar agaji ta masu kashe gobara.   Daga 2017 sun yi aiki tare da Gidauniyar Burberry don amfani da yankewa daga masana'antar fata ta duniya, suna mai da sharar gida zuwa kayan alatu. 

Kamfanin ya fara zama a cikin wani injin niƙa da aka gina a shekarar 1837 a Tonge, Kent. 

Elvis & Kresse yanzu haka suna zaune a New Barns Farm da ke Painter's Forstal, Kent, a cikin wani gini mai  da aka gina musamman.   bita mai rufin bambaro da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana. 

Wesling ta ce babban abin da ya fi tasiri a kan "tunanin dorewarta" shi ne kakarta, wadda ta girma a gona inda "dole ne su noma kayan lambu da kansu a lokacin rani ko kuma ba za su sami abinci a lokacin hunturu ba. Tsararrakinta ba su ɓatar da komai ba kuma wannan halin ya kasance abin da ya shafi rayuwarta gaba ɗaya." 

## Girmamawa
A shekarar 2011, an ba Wesling kyautar Cartier Women's Initiative Awards ga Turai. 

An naɗa Wesling a matsayin MBE  kuma an naɗa shi CBE a bikin tunawa da ranar haihuwa ta 2021 "Don ayyuka ga Kasuwanci Mai Dorewa". 

A shekarar 2025 ta sami kyautar Cartier Impact Award a Osaka, Japan, a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin Cartier Women's Initiative. 

## Manazarta
Tashi Dawa

**Tashi Dawa** (Tibetan; Sinanci; an haife shi a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1959) ko kuma **Zhaxi Dawa**, marubucin litattafan kasar Sin ne na asalin kabilar Tibet da ke da rabin Han. Shi fitaccen marubucin Tibet ne a kasar Sin, kuma daya daga cikin mutanen da ke da alaƙa da Tibet ta zamani. An fi saninsa da littafinsa The Fury Shambhala da gajerun labaru "Souls Tied to the Knots on a Leather Cord" da "On the Road to Lhasa", waɗanda aka daidaita su cikin fim din Soul on a String a cikin 2017. Shi memba ne na Tarayyar Rubuce-rubuce da Fasaha ta kasar Sin (CFLAC). Shi farfesa ne mai baƙo a Jami'ar Tibet Minzu da Jami'ar Tibetan . An fassara ayyukansa zuwa Turanci, Dutch, Faransanci, Jamusanci, Italiyanci, Jafananci, Czech, Rasha, da Yaren mutanen Sweden.

## Tarihin rayuwa
A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1974, a ƙarshen Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu, ya yi aiki a cikin ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Tibet.

Ya fara buga ayyukansa a watan Janairun 1979. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1989, ya zama mataimakin shugaban kungiyar marubuta ta Tibet, wani bangare na kungiyar marubuta na kasar Sin. Shekaru uku bayan haka, an zabe shi mataimakin shugaban kungiyar matasa ta 4th Federation of Tibet Autonomous Region. Ya tashi ya zama shugaban kungiyar marubuta ta Tibet a watan Agustan 1995.

A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1999 ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kungiyar masu zane-zane da talabijin ta Tibet. Ya zama mataimakin shugaban kungiyar Tibet Federation of Literary and Art Circles a watan Agustan shekara ta 2003, matsayin da ya rike kusan shekaru takwas har sai da aka ɗaga shi zuwa matsayin Shugaban kasa. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2016 an zabe shi memba na Kwamitin Kasa na 9 na Kungiyar Marubutan China .

## Manazarta

### Shirin fim

## Manazarta
Pippa Wicks

**Pippa Wicks** (an haife ta a ranar 18 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1962) 'yar kasuwa ce ta Burtaniya, kuma tsohon darakta na John Lewis &amp;amp; Partners .

## Rayuwa ta mutum
An haifi Wicks a ranar 18 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1962 ga mahaifin da ke aiki a kasuwanci a kamfanin sunadarai na Imperial Chemical Industries, da kuma mahaifiyar da ta kasance mai shari'a na zaman lafiya. A lokacin da take matashiya, iyalinta sun koma Buckinghamshire. Ta halarci Makarantar sakandare ta Lady Verney a High Wycombe .  Ta yi karatun ilimin dabbobi a Jami'ar Oxford,   kuma daga baya ta yi karatu a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta London. 

Tana da aure kuma tana da ɗa ɗaya da 'ya'ya mata biyu na miji. 

## Sana'a
Wicks ta yi aiki a Bain &amp;amp; Company .  A shekarar 1993, ta bar Bain ta zama darektan kuɗi a Courtaulds Textiles .  Daga baya Wicks ta yi aiki a wani kamfanin ilimin kasuwanci, Pearson, kafin ta koma kamfanin ba da shawara na AlixPartners .   Daga baya The Co-operative Group ta ɗauki Wicks aiki a matsayin babban jami'in gudanarwa na wucin gadi.   Lokacin da Wicks ya shiga Co-operative Group, makomar kamfanin ba ta da tabbas.  A The Co-operative Group, Wicks ta sami sama da fam miliyan ɗaya a shekara.  A shekarar 2017, an naɗa Wicks mataimakin babban jami'in gudanarwa na The Co-operative Group a wani sake fasalin bayan murabus ɗin Richard Pennycook a matsayin Shugaba.  Wicks ya kasance mai fafutukar kafa ƙungiyar Co-operative Group wanda ke kafa wani shiri don ɗaukar waɗanda bauta ta zamani ta shafa, yana ba su aikin ƙwarewa na tsawon makonni huɗu.  A shekarar 2019, yayin da Wicks ke mataimakin shugaban kamfanin, an haɗa Co-op Insurance da Markerstudy Group akan farashin £185&nbsp;miliyan. 

A watan Yunin 2020, an sanar da Wicks a matsayin sabuwar shugabar John Lewis &amp;amp; Partners, wani shagon sayar da kayayyaki na Burtaniya wanda ke cikin rukunin John Lewis Partnership .   An raba matsayin da mukamin da aka ba shi na shugaban John Lewis da Waitrose a baya.  Wicks ta karɓi mukamin a watan Agusta na 2020,   kuma ta maye gurbin Paula Nickolds a matsayin shugabar John Lewis & Partners.  A lokacin naɗinta, tana ɗaya daga cikin mata biyar a cikin kwamitin gudanarwa na John Lewis Partnership.  Wicks ta bar John Lewis &amp;amp; Partners a watan Fabrairu na 2023.  Wicks ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen 'rabu' alkawarin ƙungiyar na ƙarni na 'Never Knowly Undersold'.  A ranar 5 ga Satumba, 2024 an sanar da cewa John Lewis zai dawo da Never Knowly Undersold.  

## Manazarta
Charles K. Kao

**Sir Charles Kuen Kao** (Sinanci mai sauƙi; Sinanci na gargajiya; ; ; Nuwamba 4, 1933 - Satumba 23, 2018) ya kasance Injiniyan lantarki na Hong Kong wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaba da amfani da fiber optics a cikin sadarwa. A cikin shekarun 1960, Kao ya kirkiro hanyoyi daban-daban don hada Gilashin gilashi tare da lasers don watsa Bayanan dijital, wanda ya kafa tushe don juyin halitta na Intanet da kuma ƙirƙirar Yanar Gizo ta Duniya.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Charles Kuen Kao a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 1933, a Shanghai, China, kuma ya zauna tare da iyayensa a cikin Shanghai French Concession . 1 Ya yi karatun gargajiya na kasar Sin a gida tare da ɗan'uwansa, a ƙarƙashin mai koyarwa.   : 41 Ya kuma yi karatun Turanci da Faransanci a Makarantar Duniya ta Shanghai (上海世界學校)  wanda yawancin malamai na kasar Sin masu ci gaba suka kafa, gami da Cai Yuanpei.

Bayan Juyin Juya Halin Kwaminisanci a 1949, dangin Kao sun zauna a Hong Kong - wanda a lokacin mulkin mallaka ne na Burtaniya. Yawancin 'yan uwan mahaifiyarsa sun koma Hong Kong a ƙarshen shekarun 1930; daga cikinsu, ɗan'uwan mahaifiyarsa ya kula da shi sosai. 

Mahaifin  (高君湘),  Asalinsa daga birnin Jinshan (yanzu gundumar birnin Shanghai ce), ya sami digirin digirgir na shari'a daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Michigan a shekarar 1925.  Ya kasance alkali a Kwalejin Shari'a ta Shanghai sannan daga baya ya zama farfesa a Makarantar Shari'a ta Kwatancen Jami'ar Soochow (a lokacin tana Shanghai).

## Manazarta
Yu-dog Kuan

Yu-chien Kuan ko **Guan Yuqian** (Sinanci: 关愚谦; 18 ga Fabrairu 1931 - 22 ga Nuwamba 2018) ya kasance masanin ilimin Sin na Jamus, marubuci kuma mai fassara. Dan wani babban jami'in Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta kasar Sin, an zarge shi da "mai adawa" kuma an tsananta masa a lokacin Yakin Anti-Dightist da Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu. Wannan ya sa ya tsere daga kasar Sin ta amfani da fasfo na Japan da aka sace daga wurin aikinsa. Ya sauka a Misira kuma ya kwashe shekara daya da rabi a kurkuku saboda shiga ba bisa ka'ida ba, kafin a shigar da shi a Jamus ta Yamma a shekarar 1969 a matsayin ɗan gudun hijira na siyasa.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Kuan a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu 1931, a Guangzhou (Canton), Guangdong, Jamhuriyar Sin. Mahaifinsa, Guan Xibin, wanda daga baya ya canza sunansa zuwa Guan Iwen (), ya yi karatu a Faransa kuma ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Yale a Amurka. Mahaifiyarsa, Yan Zhongyun (), Kirista ce mai ibada. Shi ne ƙarami a cikin yara uku, tare da 'yar'uwa da ɗan'uwa.

## Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin
Lokacin da 'yan Kwaminisanci suka ci Yaƙin basasa kuma suka kafa Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin a 1949, an nada mahaifin Kuan zuwa babban matsayi a Yankin Sojojin Gabashin China kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai fassara ga Marshal Chen Yi, wanda ya zama Magajin garin Shanghai. Kuan ya kuma koyi a karo na farko cewa 'yar'uwarsa ta kasance memba na CCP a karkashin kasa.

## Tserewa daga kasar Sin
Lokacin da Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu ya fara a shekarar 1966, Kuan, kamar sauran "masu adawa", an sake yin niyya don tsanantawa. Tare da aurensa ya riga ya zama mai wahala saboda dalilai na kansa, matarsa Meizhen (),  tare da wanda ya haifi ɗa, ya zarge shi a fili.  A watan Fabrairun 1968, an gaya masa ya halarci wani gwagwarmaya mai zuwa da shi. Da yake ya gamsu cewa za a azabtar da shi, ya yi la'akari da kashe kansa kafin ya yanke shawarar tserewa daga kasar Sin. Kamar yadda aikinsa ya haɗa da yin rajistar baƙi na ƙasashen waje, Kuan yana da damar samun fasfo na ƙasashen ƙasashen waje. Ɗaya daga cikinsu na ɗan ƙasar Japan ne Saionji Kazuteru (西園寺), wanda yayi kama da Kuan. Ya ɗauki fasfo, wanda ke dauke da biza ta Masar, ya sayi tikitin jirgin sama zuwa Alkahira ta hanyar Karachi, Pakistan, kuma ya tsere daga China ta amfani da asalin Saionji.

## Manazarta
Li Guangtian

**Li Guangtian** (1906-1968, an haife shi **Wang Xijue**) marubuci ne na kasar Sin na ƙarni na 20.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife shi a cikin iyalin manoma marasa galihu tare da sunan mahaifiyar Wang, kawunsa ne ya karbe shi, kuma ya canza sunansa zuwa Li. A shekara ta 1923, ya shiga Makarantar Farko ta Shandong, kuma an kama shi daga baya saboda bayar da shawarar wallafe-wallafen hagu. A cikin 1929, Li ya zauna jarrabawar shiga kuma an yarda da shi a sashen harshe na waje na Jami'ar Beijing. A cikin 1936, an buga littafin waka mai suna The Han Garden Collection wanda Li, Bian Zhilin da Ya Qifang suka rubuta. Ya wallafa tarin littattafai guda uku kafin Yaƙin Sin da Japan na Biyu: tarin zane-zane (Xan, 1936), tarin azurfa (Xan), da *Tarin Quesuo* (Xan) (Xan. 1939). Bayan barkewar yakin, ya tafi gudun hijira a kudu maso yammacin kasar Sin. Ya rubuta tarin rubutun da yawa a wannan lokacin, ciki har da Outside the Circle (), Echoes (), da Essays under the Sun (Ashima* na [[Yi people|Mutanen Yi]] da *Xianxiu'' na Mutanen Dai.

## Manazarta
Li Guowen

**Li Guowen** ( simplified Chinese      ; 24 ga Agusta 1930 - 24 ga Nuwamba 2022) marubuci ne ɗan ƙasar Sin wanda shi ne darektan ƙungiyar marubutan Sin.  Li memba ne na jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta ƙasar Sin.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Li a Shanghai, Jamhuriyar Sin a watan Agustan shekara ta 1930. 

A shekara ta 1947, an yarda da shi a Kwalejin Wasan kwaikwayo ta Nanjing kuma ya kammala a shekara ta 1949. Bayan kammala karatunsa, Li ya tafi Beijing kuma ya shiga Jami'ar Fasaha ta Arewacin China.

Lokacin da Yaƙin Koriya ya ɓarke a 1950, Li ya shiga Sojojin 'Yancin Jama'a, ya tafi Koriya ta Arewa kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin marubuci a cikin Sojojin Sojojin Ruwa da Dance na Sojojin Sadarwa na Sadarwa, bayan yaƙin, Li ya koma Beijing, ya yi aiki da China Railway Federation of Trade Union () a matsayin edita.

A watan Yulin shekara ta 1957, Li ya wallafa gajeren labarinsa Re-election a cikin People's Literature, sannan aka raba shi zuwa hannun dama, kuma an tura shi zuwa masana'antar gini don aiki.

A shekara ta 1978, Li ya shiga ƙungiyar China Railway Song and Dance Troupe (). Li ya shiga kungiyar marubuta ta kasar Sin a shekarar 1982 kuma ya shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta kasar Sin.

A ranar 24 ga Nuwamba 2022, ya mutu daga rashin lafiya a Beijing, yana da shekaru 92. 

## Ayyuka

### Labari

* *Lokacin bazara a cikin hunturu* (a lokacin sanyi) 

### Takaitaccen Labari

* *Sake zabar* (canja zabar) 
* *Hasken rana* (abinci) 
* *Tarihin Ginin Hatsari* () 

## Kyaututtuka

* Spring in Winter - 1st Mao Dun Literature Prize (1982) 
* Lunar Eclipse - Kyautar Kyautar Kyautattun Labarai ta Kasa ta 3
* Tarihin Ginin Halitta - Kyautar Kyautar Kyautattun Labarai ta Kasa ta 4
* *Harshe na yau da kullun* - Kyautar wallafe-wallafen Lu Xun ta biyu

## Manazarta
Li Rui (marubuci)

**Li Rui** ( Chinese    ; an haife shi a shekarar 1949 a birnin Beijing ) marubuci ne kuma marubuci daga ƙasar Sin. Ya shahara sosai saboda jerin gajerun labaransa na *Houtu*, waɗanda suka lashe kyautar Adabin *[[China Times]]* da kuma lambar yabo ta ƙasa ta 8 don mafi kyawun gajerun labarai.

Ya wallafa litattafai biyar, litattafan litattafa da yawa da kuma gajerun labaru. A shekara ta 2004, Li ya lashe lambar yabo ta Ordre des Arts et des Lettres ta Faransa saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga zane-zane da adabi.

A shekara ta 2007, Jami'ar Open ta Hong Kong ta ba shi digiri na D.D.Litt. . *honoris causa.*

## Manazarta
Li Zhun

**Li Zhun** (Sinanci: 李准; : ; 4 ga Yulin 1928 - 2 ga Fabrairu 2000) marubuci ne na kasar Sin wanda ya kasance mataimakin shugaban kungiyar marubuta ta kasar Sin kuma mai kula da ɗakin karatu na Gidan Tarihin zamani na kasar Sin.

An haifi Li ne a cikin dangin malamai na kabilanci na Mongoliya a Luoyang, Henan a cikin 1928.  Kakansa, Li Zulian (), kawunsa, Li Mingzhao () da Li Mingshan (), duk malamai ne. Mahaifinsa, Li Mingxuan (), ɗan kasuwa ne. Mahaifiyarsa ta fito ne daga dangin likitoci.

A shekara ta 1934, Li ta yi karatu a makarantar Matun, tana da shekaru 6. Daga nan sai ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Dade (), makarantar sakandare a garin Changdai, Luoyang County ().

A cikin 1942, Li ya gudu daga yunwa zuwa Xi'an, Shaanxi.

A lokacin da yake da shekaru 15, Li ya kasance mai koyo a cikin shago. Li ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da gidan waya a Ofishin Jakadancin Matun yana da shekaru 17. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Li ta yi karatun wasan kwaikwayo na kasar Sin a cikin Matun Theatre Troupe (Mazā戏剧团).

Li ya fara buga ayyukan a shekara ta 1953.  An tura Li daga Luoyang zuwa Zhengzhou a shekara ta 1954. A shekara ta 1955, Li ya yi aiki a matsayin wakili a Majalisar Jama'a ta Kasa.

Li ya shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta kasar Sin yana da shekaru 32, a lokaci guda, an nada shi darektan kungiyar Marubutan kasar Sin.

A shekara ta 1964, Li ya yi aiki a matsayin wakili a Majalisar Jama'a ta Kasa kuma memba ne na Kwamitin Dindindin na Ƙungiyar Matasa ta China.

A shekara ta 1966, Mao Zedong ya kaddamar da Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu, an lakafta shi "Mai Hagu", ya sha wahala daga Tsanantawa ta siyasa kuma ya fuskanci mummunar zalunci, sannan aka tura shi zuwa Zhoukou don aiki. Deng Xiaoping ne ya sake farfado da Li a shekarar 1980.

A cikin 1981, Li ya koma Beijing. An nada shi mai kula da ɗakin karatu na Gidan Tarihin Littattafan zamani na kasar Sin a shekarar 1990 kuma mataimakin shugaban kungiyar Marubutan kasar Sin a 1996.

## Manazarta
Lien Shih Sheng

**Lien Shih Sheng** (Chinese; 24 ga Mayu 1907 - 9 ga Yuli 1973), wanda aka fi sani da sunansa **Ziyun**, marubuci ne na farko kuma editan labarai a Singapore. 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Lien a Fu'an, Fujian a ranar 24 ga Mayu 1907. Ya fara samun karatunsa daga mahaifinsa, wanda malami ne. Lokacin da yake da shekaru bakwai, ya shiga makarantar inda mahaifinsa ke koyarwa. Koyaya, mahaifinsa ya mutu bayan shekara guda, kuma ya koma wata makaranta. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya fara halartar makarantar sakandare mai zaman kanta a Fu'an. Bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarsa, ya fara halartar makarantu a Xiapu da Fuzhou. Daga nan sai ya fara halartar Jami'ar Yenching da ke Beijing, inda ya fi dacewa da tattalin arziki. Bayan kammala karatunsa a 1931, ya ci gaba da halartar jami'a a matsayin dalibi mai digiri.

## Ayyuka
Yayinda yake Beijing, Lien ya fara rubutu don wallafe-wallafe daban-daban, gami da *[[Shen Bao]]* . Ya yi aiki a matsayin editan wallafe-wallafe da yawa, gami da The Chinese Historical Geography Semi-monthly Magazine . Ya kafa Ilimi don Jama'a tare da abokinsa kuma malaminsa, masanin gargajiya da masanin tarihi Gu Jiegang . Bayan farawar Yaƙin Sin da Japan na Biyu a 1937, ya tafi Hong Kong, inda ya yi aiki a hukumomin labarai daban-daban. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin farfesa a Jami'ar Lingnan . A shekara ta 1942, ya bar Hong Kong zuwa Trà Vinh, Vietnam, inda aka nada shi shugaban makarantar kasar Sin. Yayinda yake can, ya fassara wasu littattafai game da tarihin tattalin arziki na Faransa, Jamus da Ingila.

Lien ya yi aure sau biyu kuma yana da ɗa ɗaya da 'ya'ya mata biyar. A shekara ta 1973, ya ziyarci China na watanni uku. Bayan ya dawo Singapore, ya yi rashin lafiya saboda rashin jini da gajiya daga tafiya. Ya mutu a ranar 9 ga Yulin 1973, makonni biyu bayan ya dawo.

## Manazarta
Liu Baiyu

**Liu Baiyu** ( Chinese    ; 2 Satumba 1916 - 24 Agusta 2005), an haife shi **Liu Yuzan** ( Chinese   ) a birnin Beijing, marubuci ne ɗan ƙasar China wanda ya ɗauki ra'ayin gurguzu na gargajiya kan batutuwan rubutu. Ya yi adawa da "ƙa'idodin 'yan jari hujja na Yamma", yana tasiri ga adabin ƙasar Sin.

## Kyaututtuka

* 1988 - Wanda ya lashe kyautar Mao Dun Literature PrizeKyautar wallafe-wallafen Mao Dun

## Manazarta
Liu Xinwu

**Liu Xinwu** (Sinanci; an haife shi a watan Yunin shekara ta 1942) marubuci ne na kasar Sin, kuma daya daga cikin masu goyon bayan farko na yunkurin Maoist na wallafe-wallafen kasar Sin.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife shi a lardin Sichuan, iyalinsa sun koma Beijing, birni da ke da daraja a cikin aikinsa, a cikin 1950. Liu ya shafe mafi yawan rayuwarsa a Beijing, ban da ɗan gajeren lokaci a lokacin Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu, lokacin da aka tura shi aiki a yankunan karkara na kasar Sin.

Takaitaccen labarinsa, "Mai ba da shawara na aji" (wanda aka fassara a matsayin "Malami na aji"; Sinanci: 班主任: ) wanda aka buga a 1977 yana ɗaya daga cikin misalai na farko na la'akari da wuce gona da iri na gwamnatin kasar Sin a lokacin juyin juya halin al'adu. Wani lokaci ana kiran aikinsa da wallafe-wallafen scar, kodayake ana jayayya da wannan kimantawa.

## Redology
Tun daga farkon shekarun 1990 Liu ya kuma shiga cikin Redology, wanda aka fi sani da nazarin sanannen littafin Sinanci na karni na 18 Dream of the Red Chamber . Liu ya ɗauki matsayin mai rikitarwa cewa a cikin nazarin wannan sanannen littafin Qing, ya kamata mai binciken ya fara zama Qin Keqing, don haka ya rubuta reshe na karatun Qin (Sinanci: ) a cikin redology. A shekara ta 2006 Liu ya ba da jawabi a Jami'ar Columbia inda ya gabatar da wannan ra'ayi. Liu ya kuma buga a kan The Dream tare da sanannen redologist Zhou Ruchang. 

* *Black Walls and Other Stories* (ed. by Don J. Cohn, )
* *Chinese short stories of the twentieth century: an anthology in English* (ed. by Zhihua Fang, ) Includes "The Class Teacher".
* *Prize-winning Stories from China, 1978-1979* (by Liu Xinwu, Wang Meng, and others). HC () PB () (Includes "The Teacher") Available to borrow at archive.org https://archive.org/details/prizewinningstor0000liux/page/n6/mode/1up
* *The Wedding Party* (translated by Jeremy Tiang). HC () PB ()
* *The Wounded: new stories of the Cultural Revolution, 77-78* (ed, Hsin-hua Lu, Geremie Barmé, Bennett Lee). HC () PB () Includes "Class counsellor".

## Manazarta
Matiyas Lu

**Matthias Lu** (Sinanci; 2 ga Yuni, 1919 - 25 ga Yuni, 2008) ya kasance Firist na Roman Katolika kuma masanin falsafar Thomist. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da Katolika na Gabashin Asiya don Diocese na Oakland daga 1969 zuwa 1986.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Lu a Baoding, a lardin Hebei, kasar Sin, ga Paul da Rose Lu . An naɗa shi firist a 1942 kuma ya bar China a 1946 don yin karatu a Pontificia Universita Urbaniana, inda ya sami lasisi kuma, daga baya, Ph.D. 

A cikin shekarun 1950, Lu ya yi hijira zuwa Arewacin Amurka kuma ya ba da lacca a cibiyoyi da yawa, gami da Jami'ar Notre Dame, Jami'ar St. Bonaventure, Jami'an Ottawa, da Jami'an Saint John (Minnesota). Abinda ya fi dadewa ya kasance tare da Kwalejin Saint Mary ta California, jami'a a karkashin jagorancin Cibiyar 'Yan'uwan Makarantu na Kirista. Ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa, mai bincike, malamin addini, da kuma darektan Cibiyar Saint Thomas Aquinas ta Duniya. A shekara ta 1988, an kira shi memba mai alaƙa (AFSC) na 'yan uwan Kirista . Lu ya kuma yi hidima ga al'ummar Gabashin Asiya ta San Francisco Bay Area ta hanyar gidan rediyo na KUSF.

## Mai fassara da Mawallafi

Lu ya fassara ayyuka da yawa daga Ubannin Manzanni, Aristotle, da Thomas Aquinas zuwa Sinanci. Lu ya bayyana nasa ilimin ɗan adam na Realist a cikin aikin Latin A Critical Theoretical Inquiry on the Notion of Act in the Metaphysics of Aristotle and Saint Thomas Aquinas (1992). 

An rubuta littafin Lu *Bishop Fan* (1992) game da rashin 'yancin addini a karkashin Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta kasar Sin. Wani bangare ne na tarihin Peter Joseph Fan Xueyan, bishop na Baoding daga 1951, da kuma tuhumar kungiyar Katolika ta Patriotic Association. 

## Zaɓuɓɓukan Adireshin

* "Shahuri don Gaskiya da 'Yanci a Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin (1949-1996)," Taron Duniya na 5 na Falsafar Kirista, Lublin, 1996.
* "Iyalin Dan Adam da Yara na Dan Adam don Duniya ta Dan Adam," Taron Duniya na kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, Malta, 1993.
* "Doctores Tres, Unus in Amore" Congressus Internationalis De Beato Joanne Duns Scoto, Roma, 1993.
* "Saint Thomas Aquinas a kasar Sin," Taron Kasa da Kasa na 8 na Falsafa na Tsakiya a Jami'ar Helsinki, 1987.
* "Mutumin yau da kullun yana buƙatar Saint Thomas Aquinas a matsayin Mutum Doki," Yarjejeniya a ranar cika shekaru 100 na *Aeterni Patris* na Leo XIII a Jami'ar Angelicum, Roma, 1979.

## Manazarta
Lu Wenfu

**Lu Wenfu** (Sinanci: 陆文夫, 23 ga Maris, 1927 - 9 ga Yuli, 2005) marubucin kasar Sin ne na zamani. Yana da sha'awar wallafe-wallafen tun yana ƙarami  ya ba da dukan rayuwarsa ga hakan. Ya yi aiki na shekaru da yawa a matsayin ɗan jarida da editan mujallar kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Ƙungiyar Marubutan Jiangsu (zh:江蘇作家協會, 江蘇作家协會) da mataimakin shugaban Ƙungiyar Rubutan Sin (zh:中國作家協會), Rayuwar Lu ta ƙare a Suzhou, garin da ya fi so a lardin Jiangsu. Dukkanin aikinsa madubi ne na wannan tsohuwar birni kuma wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ake ɗaukar litattafansa a matsayin wallafe-wallafen Suzhou. Ya shahara ne saboda labarinsa na farko Deep within a Lane. Tun daga wannan lokacin, Lu ya fara samar da fictions da litattafai da yawa.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Lu Wenfu a 1927 a Taixing, lardin Jiangsu . Da yake an kiyaye shi a ƙarƙashin ƙaunar mahaifiyarsa mai tunani da kulawa, Lu ya kasance cikin kwanciyar hankali tun yana yaro.

Lokacin da Lu Wenfu yake dan shekara 6, ya tafi wata tsohuwar makaranta, inda malaminsa ya burge shi da sha'awar karatu kuma ya ba shi sunan *Wenfu (wanda ke nufin wallafe-wallafen da al'adu)* , da fatan ya zama mai ba da labari. A lokacin Yaƙin Sin da Japan na Biyu, Lu ya gama makarantar firamare da sakandare a Taixing . A shekara ta 1945 ya tafi zama tare da dangi a Suzhou don murmurewa kuma ya yi karatu a makarantar sakandare ta Suzhou. Bayan kammala karatunsa, an shigar da shi cikin jami'o'i biyu a Shanghai. Amma iyalinsa ba za su iya biyan kuɗin makaranta da sauran kudade ba. Don haka, ya koma yankin Subei, inda aka sanya shi Jami'ar Huazhong don nazarin Marxism.

## Ayyuka masu ban sha'awa

### ''Deep a cikin Lane''
Wani ɗan gajeren labari ne da aka rubuta a 1956, lokacin farko na aikin rubuce-rubuce, wanda ke bayyana ainihin rayuwar karuwa mai suna Xu Wenxia . An haife ta ne a zamanin d ̄ a amma yanzu tana zaune a sabuwar kasar Sin, tana bincika makomarta tare da halin da ya dace. Wannan sabon jigon rubuce-rubuce ya nuna ƙwarewar littafin Lu, wanda ya sa ya shahara a tsakanin kasar Sin a karon farko.

## Darajar fasaha
A fagen wallafe-wallafen jama'a na zamani, Lu Wenfu ya wakilci tsofaffin tsararraki na marubuta a cikin ayyukansu, tare da Fan Xiaoqing (tsara ta tsakiya) da Zhu Wenying (matasa).  *Ya kasance tsohon mutum wanda bai damu da wallafe-wallafen akidar da kuma wallafe-finai ba.* Lu Wenfu ya bar abubuwan tunawa na musamman na Suzhou a cikin ra'ayoyi daban-daban, gami da siyasa, al'adu, tattalin arziki, da kuma alamun kansa. Yanayin ɗan adam mai arziki da halayen ciki masu haske sun nuna mana hoto na ainihin salon rayuwa da mazauna gaskiya a Suzhou, tsohuwar birni tare da suna *"[[Venice of the East|Venice na Gabas]]"*, "yana wakiltar wasu maganganun ciki da aka bari ta hanyar wallafe-wallafen da suka fi dacewa da dandanawa a cikin tsarin tarihi na birnin Suzhou."

## Manazarta
Gidan shakatawa na Lu Xun

**Lu Xun Park,** tsohon Hongkou (Hongkew) Park, wani wurin shakatawa ne na gari a cikin Gundumar Hongkou ta Shanghai, China . Tana kan 146 East Jiangwan Road, dama da bayan Hongkou Football Stadium. Yana da iyaka da Hanyar Guangzhong zuwa arewa, Hanyar Ouyang zuwa arewa maso gabas, Hanyar Tian'ai zuwa kudu maso gabas. An sanya sunan wurin shakatawa ne bayan marubucin kasar Sin Lu Xun, wanda ya zauna a kusa a cikin shekarun da suka gabata na rayuwarsa, kuma shine wurin kabarin Lu Xun da Gidan Tarihi na Lu Xun. A cikin 1932, dan kasar Koriya Yun Bong-gil ya fashe da bam a wurin shakatawa, inda ya kashe ko ya ji rauni da dama daga cikin manyan jami'an sojojin Imperial Japan yayin bikin ranar haihuwar Sarkin sarakuna Hirohito.

## Abubuwan da ke ciki
Lu Xun Park ya ƙunshi kabarin Lu Xun, tare da rubutun Mao Zedong. A kowane bangare na kabarin akwai itatuwa da Zhou Enlai da gwauruwar Lu Xun, Xu Guangping suka dasa. Kusa da kabarin akwai mutum-mutumi na tagulla na Lu Xun .  Cibiyar wurin shakatawa ta ƙunshi ƙaramin tafkin wucin gadi inda ake ba da tafiyar jirgin ruwa. Mutanen yankin galibi suna amfani da wurin shakatawa don motsa jiki, kuma ana iya ganinsu suna yin tai chi da rawa. Gidan shayi na Te Li Ming yana gefen yammacin tafkin. A kusurwar kudu maso gabashin wurin shakatawa shine Lu Xun Memorial Hall, wanda ya ƙunshi tarin kayan kansa, takardu, da wallafe-wallafen.

## Tarihi

A shekara ta 1896, Ofishin Gine-gine na Shanghai International Settlement ya sayi kadada 39 na ƙasa a Hongkou (wanda aka fi sani da Hongkew) a waje da iyakarta don amfani da ita azaman filin harbi ga Shanghai Volunteer Corps. Donald MacGregor ya sake tsara filin a matsayin Hongkew Sports Games Park da Shooting Field a cikin 1905, kuma an kammala shi a cikin 1909. Sabon ƙirar ya dogara ne akan na wurin shakatawa a Glasgow, kuma ya haɗa da filin golf, kotunan wasan tennis, tafkin yin iyo, da kuma kore. An faɗaɗa wurin shakatawa a 1917, kuma an sake masa suna a matsayin Hongkew Park a 1922. Shi ne wurin shakatawa na biyu mafi girma a Shanghai, kusa da Jessfield Park (yanzu ake kira Zhongshan Park).  Dukkanin wuraren shakatawa, duk da kasancewa a cikin yankin kasar Sin a waje da Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya, Majalisar Majalisa ta Shanghai ce ke gudanar da su, ƙungiyar da ke kula da Ƙungiyar a madadin al'ummar ƙasashen waje.

## Manazarta
Lu Zhuguo

**Lu Zhuguo** (Sinanci: 陆柱国; 12 ga Oktoba 1928 - 1 ga Disamba 2022)  marubuci ne kuma marubucin kasar Sin.

## Ayyuka
A shekara ta 1951, Lu ya zama babban editan wallafe-wallafen PLA da Fasaha. A shekara ta 1958, ya shiga 1 Agusta Studio. A shekara ta 1977, Lu ta lashe lambar yabo ta Xia Yan Film Literary Prize. A shekara ta 2005, China Film Literature Society ta girmama shi da Kyautar Rayuwa.

## Hotunan da aka zaɓa

## Manazarta
Jidi Majia

**Jidi Majia** ( simplified Chinese      ) mawaki ne na ƙasar Sin kuma mataimakin gwamnan Qinghai daga 2006 zuwa 2010.  An haife shi a shekarar 1961 kuma ya fito ne daga ƙabilar Yi ta China.  Ya buga littattafan waƙoƙi da yawa  tun daga shekarun 1980 kuma ya lashe kyaututtukan adabi na ƙasa, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan mawakan tsiraru a ƙasar Sin. Shi ne Shugaban Ƙungiyar Adabin tsiraru ta ƙasar Sin kuma Mataimakin Shugaban Dindindin na Ƙungiyar Mawakan China.

Mawallafin Ai Qing ne ya jagoranci shi kuma ya sami kulawa ta kasa lokacin da tarin sa "Song of Love" ya lashe lambar yabo ta uku ta kasar Sin a shekarar 1986. An fassara aikinsa zuwa harsuna da yawa, kuma an ba shi kyaututtuka da yawa na kasa da kasa, gami da Sholokhov Memorial Medal for Literature a 2006 daga Ƙungiyar Marubutan Rasha, da Takardar shaidar Kyautattun Kyaututtuka a cikin Waƙoƙi daga Ƙungiyar Mawallafin Bulgaria a wannan shekarar.

Littafin waƙoƙinsa My First Love ya lashe kyautar waka ta kasar Sin . Mafarki na dan asalin Yi ya lashe lambar yabo ta hudu ta wallafe-wallafen China Minorities don shayari. Shi ne shugaban bikin waka na kasa da kasa na Qinghai, wanda aka gudanar a bakin tekun mafi girma a Asiya, Tafkin Alloli, a wurin haɗuwar Kogin Yellow da Yangtze, kuma ya kuma shiga cikin bikin waka na duniya na Medellín.

## Manazarta
Ai Mingzhi

**Huang Zhikun** (Fabrairu 1925 - 29 Yuni 2017), wanda aka fi sani da sunansa **Ai Mingzhi**, marubuci ne kuma marubucin fim na kasar Sin wanda ya rubuta rubutun allo da yawa tun daga shekarun 1950. A lokacin Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu (1966-1976) ya sha wahala tare da dakatar da dukkan ayyukansa, amma ya koma rubutawa a shekarar 1978.

## Ayyukan da aka fassara zuwa Turanci

* Seeds of Flame (), wanda Sidney Shapiro da Ho Yu-chih suka fassara zuwa Turanci, an tsara shi a cikin Afrilu 1964 da Mayu 1964 na wallafe-wallafen Sinanci.

## Hotunan fina-finai

## Manazarta

* Aikin
* 懷念恩師艾明: girma cikin wahala, yadawa daga ilimin rubutu

## Haɗin waje

*