Tsarin Afirka na gaba

**Africanfuturism** wani kyakkyawan al'adu ne da falsafar kimiyya wanda ke da nasaba da hadewar al'adun Afirka, tarihi, tatsuniyoyi, ra'ayi, tare da fasaha na tushen Afirka ba tare da iyakancewa ga baƙi ba.   Marubuciya Ba’amurke ɗan Najeriya Nnedi Okorafor ne ya ƙirƙira ta a shekarar 2019 a cikin wani rubutu da aka buga a matsayin kalma ɗaya. Nnedi Okorafor ya bayyana Africanfuturism a matsayin wani yanki na almara na kimiyya wanda "kai tsaye a cikin al'adun Afirka, tarihi, tatsuniyoyi da ra'ayi ... da ... ba ya da gata ko tsakiyar yammacin Yamma ," ya kasance tare da kyakkyawan fata "hanyoyin hangen nesa a nan gaba," kuma an rubuta shi ta (kuma ya dogara akan) "mutanen zuriyar Afirka" yayin da suke tushen nahiyar Afirka . Kamar yadda irin wannan cibiyar ta Afirka ce, sau da yawa tana faɗaɗa nahiyar Afirka, kuma ta haɗa da baƙi baƙi, gami da fantasy da aka saita a nan gaba, yin labari "fiction fiction kimiyya fiye da fantasy" kuma yawanci yana da abubuwa masu ban mamaki .  Ya bambanta da Afrofuturism, wanda ya fi mayar da hankali ga al'ummomin Afirka, musamman Amurka. Ayyukan futurism na Afirka sun haɗa da almara na kimiyya, fantasy, madadin tarihin, tsoro da gaskiyar sihiri .

Marubutan Africanfuturism sun hada da Nnedi Okorafor, Tochi Onyebuchi, Oghenechovwe Donald Ekpeki, Tade Thompson, Namwali Serpell, Wole Talabi, Suyi Davies Okungbowa .  

## Tarihi

### Farkon farawa
Ayyukan Africanfuturism sun dade da wanzuwa kuma an sanya su zuwa Afrofuturism. Jigogi na futurism na Afirka za a iya komawa baya zuwa littafin Buchi Emecheta na 1983 *The Rape Of Shavi* da kuma littafin Ben Okri na 1991 *The Famished Road* . 

### Karni na 21

A cikin 2019 da 2020, marubutan Afirka sun fara ƙin yarda da kalmar Afrofuturism saboda bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin nau'ikan nau'ikan biyu tare da Afirkafuturism suna mai da hankali kan ra'ayi, al'adu, jigogi da tarihin Afirka sabanin Afrofuturism wanda ya shafi tarihin Afirka, al'adu da jigogi.  Mujallar almara ta ''Omenana'' da lambar yabo ta Nommo da The African Speculative Fiction Society ta gabatar a cikin 2017 sun taimaka wajen fadada abubuwan da ke cikin nau'in. 

A cikin watan Agusta 2020, Hope Wabuke, marubuci kuma mataimakiyar farfesa a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln na Turanci da Rubutun Ƙirƙira, ya lura cewa Afrofuturism, wanda Mark Dery ya ƙirƙira, mai sukar White, a cikin 1993, yana kula da jigogi da damuwa na Ba-Amurke da damuwa a cikin "yanayin fasaha, karni na ashirin wanda Nelson ya faɗaɗa daga baya. yana jayayya cewa tunanin Dery na Baƙar fata ya fara ne a cikin 1619 kuma "an nuna shi kawai ta hanyar shekaru 400 na cin zarafi ta hanyar fari" wanda ya bayyana a matsayin "mai yiwuwa ba za a iya gyarawa ba."  Mahimmanci na wannan ma'anar, yana cewa ba shi da halaye na "baƙar fata tunanin ɗan adam na Amurka" da kuma ikon yin tunanin "Baƙar fata a waje da Black American Diaspora" ko kuma mai zaman kanta daga Whiteness, ta lura cewa "Africanfuturism" ya bambanta saboda yana da, a cewar Nnedi Okorafor, ya fi girma a cikin tarihin, al'adu na Afirka da kuma tarihin Afirka. 'yan kasashen waje, kuma ba ta da wata gata ko ta tsakiya," yayin da yake bayyana akidar Afirka a matsayin wani bangare na fantasy. Wabuke ya ci gaba da bayyana yadda Africanfuturism ya fi takamaiman kuma ya kawar da kansa daga "sauran farar kallo da kuma tunanin mulkin mallaka na yammacin Turai ," wanda ya ba da damar abin da ta kira "farin kallon yammacin yammacin duniya " kuma ta ce wannan shine babban bambanci "tsakanin Afrofuturism da Africanfuturism." Ta kara da cewa, a nata ra'ayi, Africanfuturism yana da ra'ayi da hangen nesa daban-daban fiye da "na al'adar almarar kimiyyar Yammacin Turai da Amurka da fantasy " har ma da Afrofuturism wanda "an yi aure ga farar fata na Yammacin Turai ." Wabuke ya ci gaba da bayyana jigogi na Futurist na Afirka da Jujujuist a cikin Okorafor's *Wanda Ke Tsoron Mutuwa* da *Zahrah Mai Neman Iska*, Akwaeke Emezi 's *[[Pet (littafi)|Pet]]*, da Buchi Emecheta 's *Fyade Shavi* . 

A cikin Fabrairu 2021, Aigner Loren Wilson na Tor.com ya yi bayanin wahalar samun littattafai a cikin sashin ƙasa saboda yawancin cibiyoyi "suna ɗaukar Afirkafuturism da Afrofuturism kamar abu ɗaya" duk da cewa bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin su a sarari yake. Ta ce Afirkafuturism yana "tsakiyar Afirka da mutanensu" yayin da Afrofuturism wani yanki ne na sci-fi wanda ke game da "Baƙar fata a cikin ƙasashen waje," galibi ya haɗa da labarun waɗanda ke wajen Afirka, gami da a cikin "al'ummomin Yammacin Turai masu mulkin mallaka."  Wani mai bita da ake kira Okorafor's Lagoon, wanda "ya ba da labarin zuwan baƙi a Najeriya," a matsayin aikin Afirkafuturist wanda ke buƙatar mai karatu wanda "ya himmatu wajen samar da madadin makomar da littafin ke ginawa," ma'ana cewa mai karatu ya zama wani ɓangare na "tattaunawar halitta." 

## Adabi da ban dariya
Adabin futurism na Afirka ya ƙunshi tatsuniyoyi masu hasashe waɗanda ke ba da labarin abubuwan da suka shafi Afirka ta fuskar Afirka maimakon mahangar Yammacin Turai. Ayyukan adabin futurism na Afirka har yanzu ana karkasa su da kuskure a matsayin Afrofuturism.

Ayyukan marubuci Ba'amurke Nnedi Okorafor sau da yawa suna cikin nau'in futurism na Afirka tare da ayyukanta kamar *Wanda ke Tsoron Mutuwa*, *Lagoon*, *Ikon Nesa*, *Littafin Phoenix* da *Noor* . Ta sami lambar yabo ta Hugo da Nebula don novella *Binti*, na farko daga  trilogy wanda ke nuna 'yar asalin Himba daga Namibiya a sararin samaniya.  Tade Thompson ya sami lambar yabo ta Arthur C. Clarke don littafinsa na ɗan Afirka na futurist *Rosewater* game da wani ɗan ƙasa a Najeriya  da marubucin Zambiya Namwali Serpell 's *The Old Drift* ya sami wannan lambar yabo.

A cikin 2020, *Africanfuturism: Anthology* wanda Wole Talabi ya buga Brittle Paper kuma har zuwa ƙarshen 2022 a halin yanzu ana ba da kyauta akan gidan yanar gizon sa don bikin cika shekaru 10 na wannan mawallafin wanda ake kira " dandalin ƙauyen adabin Afirka".   Gary K. Wolfe ya sake duba wannan tarihin a watan Fabrairun 2021.  Ya yaba wa Nnedi Okorafor da samar da "Futurism na Afirka," yana mai lura da bayaninsa "ƙarin SF mai tushen Afirka," kodayake ya ce bai da tabbacin ko kalmarta ta "Africanjujuism", kalma mai kamanceceniya da fantasy, za ta kama. Yayin da yake cewa duka biyun suna da amfani, ya ce ba ya son yadda za su “yi da tushen, ba prefix ba,” tare da “futurism” da ke kwatanta ɗan labarin almara da fantasy kawai. Har yanzu ya kira littafin da “tsaftataccen tarihin tarihi,” yana mai cewa ya kalubalanci ra’ayin kallon almarar kimiyyar Afirka a matsayin daya-daya. Labarun cikin littafin sun hada da " *Egoli* " na TL Huchu, " *Yat Madit* " na Dilman Dila, " *Bayan Our Irises* " na Tlotlo Tsamaase, " *Fort Kwame* " na Derek Lubangakene, " *Rainmaker* " na Mazi Nwonwu, " *Ya'yan itãcen Calabash* " na Rafeeat Aliyu, " *Lekki* " Bougouma na Mawallafin Diene na Mazi Nwonwu. . 

Lokacin da *Tor.com* ya bayyana jerin labarai da littattafai daga nau'ikan nau'ikan kamar na 2021, Tor kuma ya haskaka *Africanfuturism: An Anthology* (edited by Wole Talabi ) tare da kowane ayyukan Namwali Serpell 's *The Old Drift*, Nnedi Okorafor 's *Lagoon*, Nicky Drayden 's *The Prey of Gods*, *If DonaldIkpe Tale of Imadeyuagbon*, and Tochi Onyebuchi 's *War Girls .* 

A cikin ban dariya, har zuwa ƙarshen 2022, ya zuwa yanzu ƴan wasan ban dariya na futurism na Afirka sun wanzu. Comic Republic Global Network, mawallafin da ke Legas, ya yi fice wajen ƙirƙirar jaruman futurist na Afirka kamar *Guardian Prime* .   *Laguardia*, littafin ban dariya na Nnedi Okorafor, yana da alaƙa da Africanfuturism. 

## Fina-finai da talabijin
Fina-finan futurism sau da yawa ba su da yawa;  fina-finai irin su *Black Panther* wasu masu kallo sun soki lamirin,  waɗanda suka ce hotonsu na Afirka "ya bambanta kaɗan daga ra'ayin mulkin mallaka".  A cikin 'yan lokutan nan, fina-finan futurist na Afirka sun haɗa da *Hello, Rain*, *Pumzi*, da *[[Ratnik (fim)|Ratnik]]* . An zaɓi litattafan futurism da yawa don daidaitawa kai tsaye, gami da *Binti da Wanda ke Tsoron Mutuwa* .   A cikin 2020, Walt Disney Studios da Kamfanin Pan African Kugali sun ba da sanarwar cewa za su kasance tare da samar da jerin almara mai rairayi na ɗan Afirka, *[[Iwaju|Iwájú]]*, wanda birnin Legas ya yi wahayi.  

A ranar 5 ga Yuli, 2023, *[[Kizazi Moto: Generation Fire]]*, ɗan Afirkafuturist    anthology short jerin shirye-shiryen da aka fara a kan Disney+,  Peter Ramsey an zaɓi shi a matsayin babban furodusa, yayin da Tendayi Nyeke da Anthony Silverston suka kasance masu kula da furodusoshi, kuma Triggerfish shi ne babban ɗakin wasan kwaikwayo na Afirka.   Kowane ɗayan fina-finai goma daga hangen nesa na Afirka ne, akan jigogi irin su kafofin watsa labarun, duality, nakasa, tunanin kai, ɗan adam da aka raba, da sauran batutuwa, tare da labarun da suka haɗa da tafiyar lokaci, abubuwan da ba a sani ba, da sauran sararin samaniya.   

## Magana

## Ƙara karatu

* University of Calabar, Nigeria's Ojima Sunday Nathaniel & Jonas Egbudu Akung's 2022 article "Afrofuturism and Africanfuturism: Black speculative writings in search of meaning and criteria" in *Research Journal in Advanced Humanities* preferentially supporting Okorafor's 'Africanfuturism' "because Dery’s". . ." inappropriate". . . "Afrofuturism is clearly an African-American signification that provides no space for the African imaginary", then their focus seeks more completion in "a  different  set  of  criteria  for  evaluation  and categorization of both concepts, and proposes five-point criteria—experience,  authorship,  language,  black  heroism  and  technology for their evaluation.".

* Tor 2021 Guide to Africanfuturism

* AfrikaIsWoke's 2021 article "The Difference Between African Futurism & Afrofuturism" which suggests that 'Black' is the perhaps the common general term comprising what have become narrowed in 'African' and 'Afro' when used as ethnic or racial terms, proceeding from Zambian queerist futurist author Masiyaleti Mbewe's distinction that "differences between African Futurism and Afrofuturism can best be understood as a natural byproduct of the fact that Africans in Africa, and Blacks in the diaspora have different life experiences that stem purely from the fact that they exist in different parts of the world."

* University of Kwazulu-Natal's Brett Taylor Banks' 2021 dissertation on "Okorafor’s Organic Fantasy: An Africanfuturist Approach to Science Fiction and Gender in ''Lagoon''." by a European-African, reminding us that Africans now are not only Black, and Olive in the North, just as Americans have for half a millennium been not only Red but now Black, Yellow, White, and Brown, so geopolitical labels in the modern era of pervasive presumption of democracy's desirability deems interracial and genetic society politically correct. Overview page with abstract and link to downloadable copy of the actual dissertation. Notable, Banks "adapt[s] Francis Nyamnjoh’s convivial theory (2015) to estrange postmodernism from its western context, providing an African critical vocabulary".

* University of Ghana's black Nigerian-Finnish and Swedish Minna Salami's article "The Liquid Space where African Feminism and African Futurism Meet" in *Feminist Africa*, 2021, a journal of the Institute of African Studies and the University of Ghana, by this SOAS, University of London cross-cultural author who dubs herself a "Ms Afropolitan" and has received an Honorary Fellowship in Writing from The Hong Kong Baptist University.

* City College of New York's Damion Kareem Scott's 2021 chapter "Afrofuturism and Black Futurism: Some Ontological and Semantic Considerations" in *Critical Black Futures*, ed. P Butler.

* Africanfuturism: An Anthology edited by Wole Talabi, 2020, Brittle Paper, a defining collection of these newly named genres, has since October 2020 and is currently still offered for free on the publisher's website in celebration of the 10th anniversary of this publisher which has been called "the village square of African literature".

* Finnish Päivi Väätänen's 2019 'academic article' "Afro- versus Africanfuturism in Nnedi Okorafor’s 'The Magical Negro' and 'Mother of&nbsp;Invention'"

* Botswana-born York University's Pamela Phatsimo Sunstrum's 2013 article "Afro-mythology and African Futurism: The Politics of Imagining and Methodologies for Contemporary Creative Research Practices" in Paradoxa's special publication No. 25 – *Africa SF*, ed. Mark Bould of UWE Bristol, precursing current diction before 'African' and 'Futurism' were concatenated as an emergent term, though titles by her colleagues in this collection use, in 2013, Technofuture, Afrofuturism and AfroSF, and Bould's introduction uses Africa SF.