open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Aasiya Zubair

**Aasiya Zubair**, wanda aka fi sani da **Aasiya Hassan** (17 ga Yuni, 1972 - 12 ga Fabrairu, 2009) ta auri Muzzammil Hassan, wanda ya kafa kuma mai mallakar Bridges TV, Cibiyar talabijin ta Musulmi ta farko ta Amurka. A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2009, an same ta mutu, an fille mata kai, a gidan talabijin na Bridges a Orchard Park, New York bayan mijinta da ya rabu da shi ya mika kansa ga ofishin 'yan sanda kuma an tuhume shi da kisan kai na biyu.

## Ayyuka
Zubair masanin gine-gine ne ta hanyar horo. Da yake damuwa da mummunan ra'ayi na Musulmai, ta "ji ya kamata a sami kafofin watsa labarai na Musulmi na Amurka inda 'ya'yanta za su iya girma suna jin ƙarfi sosai game da asalin su a matsayin Musulmi na Amirka"  kuma sun zo da ra'ayin Bridges TV. Ta kuma yi karatu don Jagora na Gudanar da Kasuwanci a Jami'ar Jihar New York a Buffalo daga 2007 zuwa 2009.

Zubair ya kasance mai mayar da hankali ga labarin rufewa a cikin Vol. 3, Fitowa ta 2 (2003) na *Azizah* Magazine; fuskarta ta bayyana a kan murfin.

## Kisan kai
Muzzamill Hassan ya ja hankalin Zubair zuwa gidan talabijin inda suka yi aiki tare, a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 2009.  Ya kai mata hari da wuƙaƙe biyu na farauta, ya soke ta sau arba'in kuma a ƙarshe ya yanke kanta. Zubair ta shigar da karar saki mako guda kafin kisan ta.

## Kyauta
Baya ga aikinta na farko a matsayin mai watsa shirye-shirye, ana tunawa da Zubair a matsayin mai haɓaka don haɓaka wayar da kan jama'a game da batun tashin hankali na gida, musamman a cikin al'ummar Musulmi ta Arewacin Amurka. Wajahat Ali, sanannen marubucin wasan kwaikwayo [1] kuma wanda ya kafa GoatMilk, [2] ya rubuta a cikin The Guardian cewa "shi cikakkiyar zalunci na kisan Aasiya ya zama kira ga Musulmai da yawa na Amurka waɗanda suka amsa da sha'awar sha'awar fuskantar wannan bala'i mai tsanani. [3] Imam Mohamed Hagmagid Ali, mataimakin shugaban kungiyar Islama ta Arewacin Amurka, ya ce: "Wannan kira ne ga dukkanmu, wannan tashin hankali ne kuma ba za a iya magance shi gaba ɗaya ba".[t][3]

A duk fadin kasar, kokarin hadin kai mai taken "Imams Speak Out: Domestic Violence Will Be Tolerated in Our Communities" ya fara ne a watan Fabrairun 2009 yana neman dukkan Imams da shugabannin addini su tattauna kisan Zubair, da kuma tashin hankali na gida, a cikin wa'azin su na mako-mako a kan hidimar addu'arsu ta Jumma'a.

A ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, 2011, an sami Muzzammil Hassan da laifin kisan kai na biyu saboda yanke kan matarsa ta shekaru takwas, Aasiya Zubair .  An yanke masa hukuncin shekaru 25 zuwa ɗaurin rai da rai. A halin yanzu yana aiki a Clinton Correctional Facility, Dannemora . 

A cikin shekara ta 2012, an yi bikin Ranar Purple Hijab ta Duniya ta farko don jawo hankali ga tashin hankali na gida ga mata. Alaa Murabit, wanda ya kafa The Voice of Libyan Women, ya ce "Ranar Purple Hijab kai tsaye tana gwagwarmaya da haƙƙin Musulmi na cin zarafin matarsa, 'yarta, uwa, ko' yar'uwa. "  Ana yin bikin Ranar Purple hijab ta Duniya a ranar Asabar ta biyu a watan Fabrairu don girmama ƙwaƙwalwar Zubair.

## Dubi kuma

* Muzzammil Hassan: Halin da aka yi game da kamawa

## Manazarta


## Haɗin waje

* Bridges TV
* Ranar Purple Hijab ta Duniya
Kudancin Levantine Larabci

**Larabci ta Kudu Levantine** ( Arabic   الجنوبية  , Kudancin Levantine:  ) an bayyana shi a cikin ma'aunin ƙasa da ƙasa na ISO 639-3 don lambobin harshe a matsayin nau'in Larabci daban-daban, a ƙarƙashin lambar `ajp` . *Ethnologue* ya ruwaito cewa ana magana da shi a Kudancin Levant : Yankunan Falasɗinu ( Gaɓar Yamma, gami da Gabashin Urushalima, da Zirin Gaza ), Isra'ila, da mafi yawan Jordan (a cikin lardin Ajlun, Al Balqa, Al Karak, Al Mafraq, Amman, Irbid, Jarash, da Madaba ).  

A shekarar 2023, an haɗa Larabcin Kudancin Levantine da na Arewacin Levantine zuwa Larabcin Levantine guda ɗaya a cikin ISO, [1] bisa ga fahimtar juna tsakanin nau'ikan Larabci da al'ummomin da ba sa zaune a cikin Levant ke magana da kuma rashin bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin nau'ikan da ke kan iyakokin ƙasa. [2]

## Manazarta
Kisan Fawziyah Javed

**Fawziyah Javed** (4 Satumba 1989 - 2 Satumba 2021) lauya ce ta Birtaniya da Pakistan wacce mijinta **Kashif Anwar** ya kashe ta bayan ya tura ta daga Kujerar Arthur a Edinburgh, Scotland . A lokacin mutuwarta, Fawziyah tana da ciki; ta shirya ta saki Anwar kuma ta haifi ɗanta na farko a matsayin iyaye guda.

A ranar 6 ga Afrilu 2023, an sami Anwar da laifin kisan matarsa, kuma an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai tare da mafi ƙarancin shekaru ashirin. Iyalinta sun kaddamar da **Gidauniyar Fawziyah Javed** .

A cikin 2024, Channel 4 ta fitar da shirin The Push: Murder on the Cliff game da kisan kai da shari'a.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Fawziyah Javed a ranar 4 ga Satumba 1989 a Leeds, Ingila, Burtaniya ga iyayenta Mohammed da Yasmin Javed, wadanda suka kasance 'yan Pakistan na biyu. Ɗaya daga cikin yara, Fawziyah ya girma a cikin dangi mai ƙauna na kawuna da kawuna. Fawziyah ta so ta zama lauya tun tana 'yar shekara takwas, a cewar kawunta Shahid Farouk, kuma ta shiga Jami'ar Sheffield inda ta kammala karatu tare da digiri na shari'a. A matsayinta na lauya, ta yi aikin sadaka ga mutane a cikin al'ummomin Asiya ta Kudu. A watan Agustan 2019, Fawziyah da mahaifiyarta sun sadu da Kashif Anwar, mataimakin gani a Vision Express, [1] kuma sun fara dangantaka bayan 'yan watanni.

Ma'auratan sun yi aure a ranar 20 ga Disamba 2020. A lokacin auren, Kashif ya zama mai sarrafawa da cin zarafin matarsa Fawziyah a lokuta da yawa yayin da yake zaune tare da surukanta. A wani abin da ya faru, Fawziyah ya buge shi a wani makabartar. Kashif ta fara satar kudi daga asusun banki wanda mahaifiyarta ta ba ta. Fawziyah ta gaya wa mahaifiyarta cewa ta jimre da cin zarafin jiki da motsin rai yayin aurenta da Kashif, kuma mahaifiyarta ta bukaci ta saki.

## Mutuwa
A lokacin aurenta, Fawziyah ta yi juna biyu wanda hakan ya sa ta yanke shawarar barin mijinta Kashif Anwar ta zauna tare da iyayenta don tayar da ɗanta a cikin yanayi mai aminci. Shaidarta game da tsarin saki a kan Anwar sun haɗa da rikodin da Fawziyah ta zargi mijinta da lalata rayuwarta. A watan Satumbar 2021, Fawziyah ta amince da tafiya tare da Kashif zuwa Edinburgh, duk da damuwar iyayenta. A lokacin shari'ar kotu, mahaifiyar wanda aka azabtar ta ambaci cewa 'yarta ta shirya yin bikin ranar haihuwarta ta 32 nan da nan bayan ta ƙaura daga Kashif. Hotunan CCTV sun nuna cewa ma'auratan sun ci abincin rana tare a St Andrew Square, kafin su yi tafiya zuwa Arthur's Seat. A lokacin da yake saukowa daga kujerar Arthur, Kashif ya tura Fawziyah wanda ya fadi 50 feet, yana ci gaba da raunin kai wanda ya haifar da mutuwarta.

## Shari'a
Kashif Anwar an yanke masa hukuncin kisa da laifin kisan Fawziyah a lokacin shari'arsa a watan Afrilun 2023.  Alex Prentice KC ne ya jagoranci shari'ar. 'Yan uwanta sun ba da shaida a kan Anwar ciki har da halin sarrafawa ga Fawziyah.

Alkalin shari'a John Beckett, Lord Beckett ya yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai, tare da mafi ƙarancin shekaru 20.

## Manazarta
Sīn tare da dots huɗu a sama

व (**Sunan Unicode** : An Gano Harafin Larabci Mai Digo Huɗu a Sama) ƙarin harafi ne na rubutun Larabci, wanda aka samo daga sīn (ﺱ) tare da ƙara digo huɗu ko layuka biyu a kwance a sama da harafin. Ba a amfani da shi a cikin haruffan Larabci da kansa ba, amma ana amfani da shi a Burushaski [1] & Shina don wakiltar fricative retroflex mara murya, [ ʂ ] . An rubuta shi a matsayin प्रर a cikin Khwar . [2]

## Manazarta
Umvelinqangi

UMvelinqangi kalma ce ta Nguni wadda ke fassara zuwa "Maɗaukaki" ko "Ilimin Allah"; wannan ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin tushen duk abin da ya kasance, wato, da kuma duk abin da zai kasance.

UMvelinqangi, sabanin yadda aka yi imani da shi a ko'ina  ba a bayyana shi a matsayin mutum ba. An bayyana Umvelinqangi daidai a matsayin mahaliccin dukkan abubuwa, ba namiji ba, ba mace ba, ba duka biyun ba, ba ruhu ba amma ba za a iya kwatantawa ba.

Sujada ( *Ukukhothama* ) ta kasance al'adar da ta yaɗu kafin a fara amfani da ita a matsayin ta Yamma a tsakanin ƙabilar Zulu . Ana ɗaukar Ukukhothama a matsayin hanyar cimma ubunye noMvelinqangi (haɗin kai da Allah). Wannan al'ada ita ce babbar dalilin da ya sa ƙabilar Zulu ta rayu tsawon shekaru ba tare da wani nau'in albarkatun yamma/na zamani ba.

## Littattafan tarihi

* 
* Rev. Canon Callaway, *Unkulunkulu: The tradition of creation as existing among the Amazulu and other tribes of South Africa*, 1868
Babak Khorramdin (darakta)

**Babak Khorramdin** (Persian; 23 ga Satumba 1974 - 15 ga Mayu 2021) ya kasance darektan Iran kuma marubuci.

## Ayyuka
Ayyukan Khorramdin sun haɗa da gajeren fina-finai *Boor Bijadeh Rang* (2007), Talata: Mom (2009), fim din Aperture (2010), fim din mai suna An Elegy for Yashar, wanda aka yi a London a cikin 2013,  da kuma gajeren fina'i guda uku da ake kira Cut (2004). 

## Kyaututtuka
Khorramdin ya sami lambar yabo don mafi kyawun gajeren fim na fiction don Boor Bijadeh Rang a bikin fina-finai na Asa International Film Festival (Films na Humanitarian) a shekara ta 2009, kuma an zabi ayyukansa a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban don bukukuwan kyaututtuka da yawa, wanda ya ba shi difloma na girmamawa don Darakta mafi kyau na Boor Bijadeh Rang a cikin bikin fina-fukinai na Parvin Etesami na kasa da kasa da kasa a shekara ta 2009; mafi kyawun darektan, rubutun allo da kuma mafi kyawun gyaran murya don Boor bi Bijadeh rang a cikin shekara ta 6th Nahal Student Film Festival (Jami) a shekara. [1]

## Kisan kai
Iyayensa Akbar da Iran ne suka kashe Khorramdin a Ekbatan, Tehran, a watan Mayu 2021.  A ranar 16 ga Mayu, bayan wani ma'aikacin birni ya sami wasu sassan jikinsa a Ekbatan, 'yan sanda sun kama iyayen Khorramdin kuma daga baya suka furta cewa sun kashe ɗansu. Iyayen ba su tuba ba, suna zargin ɗansu da cin hanci da rashawa  saboda rashin yin aure.

A ranar 17 ga Mayu, mahaifin Khorramdin ya furta cewa shi da matarsa sun yi amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi kuma sun yi wa ɗansu anesthetics kuma sun ɗaure ƙafafunsa da bandeji na lilin, sun sanya bandeji na filastik a wuyansa, kuma sun yi masa wuka sau da yawa bayan haka. Bayan sun lalata jikin ɗansu a cikin gidan wanka, an sanya gawarsa a cikin jaka uku kuma an zubar da shi a cikin shara a mataki na 3 na Ekbatan, Ariashahr da Maidan Sanat a kusa da tsakar dare. Akbar Khorramdin ya bayyana cewa dalilin da ya sa suka yi kisan shi ne yadda aka wulakanta su da kuma dangantakarsa da dalibai ba ta da tushe.

A ranar 19 ga Mayu, iyayen Khorramdin sun furta cewa sun kashe surukinsu Faramarz da 'yarsu Arezoo ta wannan hanyar a cikin 2011 da 2018,  suna rarraba su kuma suna jefa jikinsu cikin shara. Rashin "al'ada" shine dalilin da ya sa suka kashe surukinsu,  yayin da dalilin kisan 'yarsu ya bayyana su a matsayin "amfani da barasa da miyagun ƙwayoyi da al'amuran tare da baƙi. "  A cewar jami'ai, wani likitan kwakwalwa mai lasisi ya tabbatar da lafiyar tunanin ma'auratan.

Akbar Khorramdin ya mutu daga ciwon daji a lokacin binciken aikata laifuka. A cikin 2022, an yanke wa Iran Mousavi Sani hukuncin watanni 45 a kurkuku saboda taimakawa a kisan kai.
Fayil:پدر_و_مادر_بابک_خرمدین_در_دادسرای_جنایی.jpg|Babak Khorramdin's parents in the criminal court
Fayil:Babak_khoramdin_memorial_wall_in_ekbatan_by_Mardetanha_4598_01.jpg|Tributes left on a wall in the Ekbatan district


## Dubi kuma

* Jerin kisan gilla a Iran

## Manazarta


## Haɗin waje

* 
* Kisan kai na wani darektan fina-finai na Iran 'ta iyayensa' - BBC Farisa (a Farisa) 
* Game da Babak Khorramdin, kisan kai da "alamu" - ISNA (a Farisa)
Kashewar Fatemeh Soltani

A ranar 16 ga Afrilu, 2025, yarinya 'yar Iran mai shekaru 17 **Fatemeh Soltani** (an haife ta a ranar 11 ga Disamba, 2007) mahaifinta ya kashe ta a garin Eslamshahr, Lardin Tehran . An rufe mutuwarta sosai a kafofin watsa labarai na harshen Farisa da hanyoyin sadarwar jama'a a matsayin wani misali na kisan gilla a Iran, wanda ya haifar da muhawara game da kariya ta shari'a da kisan mata a kasar.  

## Laifi
A safiyar Alhamis, Afrilu 16, 2025, mahaifin Fatemeh ya tuntube ta ta hanyar lambar waya da ta raba a fili a shafinta na Instagram don sadarwa mai alaƙa da aiki. Da yake nuna cewa abokin ciniki ne, ya sami adireshin wurin aiki kuma ya tafi salon kyawawan abubuwa inda ta yi aiki. A gaban salon, a kan titi, kuma a cikin cikakken ra'ayi na masu wucewa, ya kai hari ga Fatemeh tare da ihu mai fushi kuma ya soke ta sau 14, ya kashe ta. Bayan ya aikata kisan, sai ya mika kansa ga 'yan sanda.

### Dalilin da ya sa aka yi
A cewar rahotannin kafafen yada labarai da ke ambaton iyalan Fatemeh Soltani, goyon bayan da take baiwa mahaifiyarta kan tashin hankalin cikin gida, bayyanar da rashin imanin mahaifinta da rashin da’a, da kuma sha’awarta na samun ‘yancin kai na kudi ne dalilan da suka haddasa kisan.[1] A cikin ikirari da ya yi, mahaifin ya bayyana rashin jituwar iyali a matsayin dalilin aikata laifin. [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need]

## Halin da aka yi
Fatemeh Soltani’s murder sparked a wave of outrage and sorrow among women’s rights activists and social media users. Many called for reforms in laws concerning domestic killings, especially those involving women. One major criticism was the legal gap in imposing strict penalties on fathers who murder their children.&#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

=== Sakamakon da fannoni na shari'a ===
Under Iranian law, a father, as the "guardian of blood" (''vali-e dam''), often faces reduced punishment if he kills his child and, in many cases, is exempt from the ''qisas'' (retributive justice) penalty. This issue was once again criticized in the case of Fatemeh Soltani. Some legal experts, pointing to the need for reform, called for a fundamental revision of Articles 301 and 302 of the Islamic Penal Code.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

## Manazarta
Kashe Ali Fazeli Monfared

**Ali "Alireza" Fazeli Monfared** (2 ga Janairu, 2001 - 4 ga Mayu, 2021) Iran" id="mwBw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Iran">Dan Iran ne mai shekaru 20 wanda maza uku suka sace shi kuma suka yanke kansa, wato ɗan'uwansa da 'yan uwansa biyu, kusa da garin Ahvaz a Lardin Khuzestan na Iran saboda yanayin Jima'i. Labarin halin da ake ciki ya jawo hankalin kafofin sada zumunta da ɗaukar hoto da kuma kira daga masu gwagwarmaya da shahararrun mutane don kalubalanci homophobia a Iran.

## Tarihi
An gano shi a matsayin shari'ar kisan kai ta hanyar yanke kansa  an yi shi kwanaki bayan dan uwan Fazeli Monfared ya koyi game da yanayin jima'i daga katin izinin aikin soja.  Dokokin soja na Iran sun cire 'yan luwadi daga aikin soja na tilas. An ruwaito cewa Fazeli Monfared yana shirin ƙaura zuwa Turkiyya kuma ya nemi mafaka bayan ya sami izinin aikin soja.   An kwantar da mahaifiyar Fazeli Monfared a asibiti bayan ta san mutuwar, a cewar kungiyar kare hakkin LGBTQ+ ta Iran 6Rang,   kuma an kama ɗan'uwansa da 'yan uwansa.  

Dokar soja ta Iran mai adawa da LGBT da ke fitar da 'yan luwadi an zarge su da kisan Fazeli Monfared.

A cewar mutanen da suka san Alireza Fazeli Monfared kafin a kashe shi, ya fuskanci shekaru na cin zarafin homophobic da transphobic, wanda bai taba bayar da rahoto ga 'yan sanda ba "saboda tsoron fuskantar tashin hankali da gurfanar da shi a hannun hukumomi".

## Amsa
Masu fafutuka da fitattun mutane, ciki har da mawaƙan Amurka Demi Lovato, sun buga a kafofin sada zumunta game da kisan don wayar da kan jama'a game da homophobia a Iran.[1] Mai fafutukar LGBT na Iran Masih Alinejad, wanda ke zaune a Amurka, ya gaya wa Insider cewa "Na je in kalli shafinsa kuma na gano cewa yana cike da rayuwa. Nan da nan, na wallafa game da mutuwarsa a kafofin sada zumunta kuma ya bazu. Ina fatan ya sami irin wannan kulawa yayin da yake da rai. "[1]

Yawancin 'yan Iran LGBT sun yi fim din bidiyo a asirce suna tafiya tare da abokan aikinsu kuma suna nuna tutar bakan gizo don nuna rashin amincewa da kisan. Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Amnesty International ta yi kira ga cikakken bincike kan kisan da kuma soke dokokin yaki da luwadi na Iran.

## Dubi kuma

* Ruwa a Iran
* Hakkin LGBT a Iran
* PaykanArtCar, zane-zane da Ali Fazeli Monfared ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi
* Jerin kisan gilla a Iran
* Hukuncin kisa a Iran
* Hukuncin kisa ga luwadi

## Manazarta
Abdul Halim Khan

Abdul Halim Khan ɗan siyasa ne kuma shugaban addinin Musulunci. Tsohon ɗan Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa (MNA) ne daga Kohistan, Pakistan. Yana cikin jam'iyyar Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal ta Pakistan. Ya lashe zaɓen NA-23 (Kohistan) a shekarar 2002. Yana ganin bai kamata 'yan mata su je makaranta ba. Yana ganin bai kamata mata su yi aiki ba sai sun kasance tare da wani ɗan iyali namiji (maharrami). Ya kuma ce addini ya yarda da kisan "girmamawa". Ya kuma ce za a tilasta wa mata da ke aiki a ƙungiyoyin agaji masu zaman kansu da suka zo Kohistan su yi aure.

## Manazarta
Abin rufe fuska, Launi na Sama

Littafin ***"A Mask, the Colour of the Sky*** " (قناع بلون السماء) littafi ne na marubuci, mawaƙi, kuma fursuna Basem Khandakji, wanda aka buga a shekarar 2023 ta Dar Al-Adab a Beirut . Littafin ya lashe kyautar Duniya ta Almarar Larabci a shekarar 2024, wanda ake kira Larabci Booker Prize .  

Za a buga fassarar littafin a Turanci a shekarar 2026 ta Europa Editions .  

## Bayani
An rubuta littafin ne a lokacin da ake tsare da shi a gidan yarin Isra'ila. Hukumomin gidan yarin Isra'ila sun musanta duk wani bayani game da littafin. [1]

Ɗan'uwan Khandakji ya ce an rubuta littafin ne tsakanin watan Yuni da Nuwamba 2021 "a cikin mawuyacin hali". 

## Takaitaccen Bayani
Littafin ya ta'allaka ne akan wani Bafalasdine mai suna Nur wanda ke zaune a sansanin 'yan gudun hijira a Ramallah . Da ya sami katin shaidar ɗan adam mai launin shuɗi da aka bai wa Isra'ilawa a cikin rigar da aka yi amfani da ita, sai ya ɗauki sunan bogi, Ur, kuma aka ɗauke shi aiki don haƙa kayan tarihi kusa da Megiddo . [1]

## Martani
Littafin ya lashe kyautar Duniya ta Almarar Larabci a shekarar 2024 a wani hukunci da aka cimma matsaya guda ɗaya.  Ana ɗaukar kyautar a matsayin mafi daraja a duniyar Larabawa. 

A daren da littafin ya lashe kyautar kasa da kasa ta 2024 don Almarar Larabci, masu gadin Isra'ila sun yi wa marubucin duka a cikin ɗakin kurkukunsa, sannan aka sanya shi a kurkuku shi kaɗai a gidan yarin Ofer . 

## Manazarta
Cibiyar Afirka ta Duniya

An kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Harsuna da Al'adun Afirka ta Duniya ( IAI ) (a matsayin Cibiyar Nazarin Harsuna da Al'adun Afirka ta Duniya - IIALC ) a shekarar 1926 a Landan don nazarin harsunan Afirka, al'umma, tarihi, da al'adu. [1] Frederick Lugard shine shugaban farko (1926 zuwa mutuwarsa a 1945); Diedrich Hermann Westermann (1926 zuwa 1939) da Maurice Delafosse (1926) su ne shugabannin farko na farko. [2] Tun daga 1928, IAI ta buga mujallar da ke fitowa kwata-kwata, Afirka . Ƙarin wallafe-wallafen sun haɗa da Mujallar Nazarin Al'adun Afirka, Littattafan Afirka, Bincike da Takardu, jerin Hujjojin Afirka, Laburaren Afirka na Duniya, da Karatu a ... jerin . [3] Tsawon wasu shekaru a cikin shekarun 1950 zuwa 1970, mataimakiyar edita ita ce marubuciyar marubuciya Barbara Pym . [4] [5]

A shekarar 1946, masanin ilimin ƙabilanci ɗan ƙasar Italiya Vinigi Grottanelli ya shiga Hukumar Zartarwa, kuma ya ci gaba da kasancewa memba har zuwa 1968. 

Manufar IAI ita ce "haɓaka ilimin jama'a wajen nazarin Afirka da harsunanta da al'adunta". Ayyukanta sun haɗa da tarurrukan karawa juna sani, mujallu, littattafai, da kuma ƙarfafa ilimi a cikin Afirka.

## Littattafai
IAI ta shiga cikin wallafe-wallafen masana tun daga 1927. Malaman da Cibiyar ta buga aikin sun hada da Emmanuel K. Akyeampong, Samir Amin, Karin Barber, Alex de Waal, Patrick Chabal, Mary Douglas, EE Evans-Pritchard, Jack Goody, Jane Guyer, Monica Massa Malichi, Bro Mbembe, Thomas Mofolo, John Middleton, Simon Ottenberg, JDY Peel, Mamphela Ramphele, Isaac Schapera, Monica Wilson da VY Mudimbe . 

Littattafan IAI sun faɗi cikin jerin shirye-shirye da dama, musamman **Laburaren Afirka na Duniya** da **Taro na Afirka na Duniya** .  An buga Laburaren Afirka na Duniya daga juzu'i na 41 (2011) ta Cambridge University Press ;  Juzu'i na 7-40 suna samuwa daga Edinburgh University Press .   , akwai juzu'i 49. 

## Taskar Labarai
Ana ajiye taskar Cibiyar Afirka ta Duniya a Sashen Taskar Labarai na Laburare na Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta Landan . Akwai kundin bayanai na waɗannan takardu ta yanar gizo .

### Haruffan Afirka
A shekarar 1928, IAI (a lokacin IIALC) ta buga wani " Haruffan Afirka " don sauƙaƙe daidaita tsarin rubuce-rubucen Latin don harsunan Afirka.

### Kyauta ga adabin Afirka, 1929–50
Daga watan Afrilun 1929 zuwa 1950, IAI ta bayar da kyaututtuka ga ayyukan adabi a cikin harsunan Afirka . 

### Jerin shugabannin
 

* 1926–1945: Frederick Lugard, Baron Lugard na 1 ; shugaban farko
* 1945–1949: Francis Rodd, Baron Rennell na 2
* 1949–1957: Sir John Waddington

## Bayanan kula

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Shafin yanar gizo na IAI .
Kisan Devarakonda Harish

**kisan Devarakonda Harish Kumar** ya faru ne a jihar Telangana ta Indiya. An kashe Harish a cikin kisan girmamawa yayin da shi, Dalit, ya tsere tare da Manisha, yarinya daga wani matsayi kuma ya yi niyyar auren ta. Dan uwan Manisha Deendayal da sauransu ne suka kashe shi.

## Tarihi
Devarakonda Harish ta kasance mai sarrafa tsarin sauti na DJ. Harish ya zauna a Sooraram, Hyderabad, yayin da Manisha ke zaune a Ziyaguda a Hyderabad. Duk da gargadi da dangin Manisha suka yi musu, sun ci gaba da dangantakarsu. Sun tsere a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu 2023 kuma sun yi hayar gida a Petbasheerabad, Hyderabad . [1][2] Dan uwan Manisha Deendayal ya san dangantakar bayan ya ga Manisha yana magana da Harish a Instagram.[3]

## Kisan kai
A ranar 1 ga Maris 2023, Deendayal da ƙungiyar abokansa sun yi wa Harish kwanton bauna a kan babura kuma sun yi masa wuka. Harish ya sami raunuka a kai da kirji kuma ya mutu a wurin.

## Manazarta
Larabci na Arewacin Mesopotamiya

Larabcin Arewacin Mesopotamian, wanda kuma aka sani da Moslawi (ma'ana ' Mosul '), Mardelli (ma'ana ' Mardin '), Qeltu Larabci na Mesopotamian, ko kuma Larabcin Syro-Mesopotamian, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan nau'ikan Larabci guda biyu na Mesopotamian, tare da Larabcin Gilit Mesopotamian. 

## Manazarta
Ayman Udas

**Aiman Udas** mawaƙi ne kuma marubucin waƙa a Peshawar, Pakistan . Udas ya yi aiki akai-akai a gidan Talabijin na Pakistan da AVT Khyber, tashar Pashto mai zaman kanta a Pakistan. 

Waƙarta ta farko da ta yi ita ce Zma da mene na toba da by ba nakon mena (a cikin yaren Pashto).

Ta sami yabo mai yawa ga waƙoƙinta amma ta zama mawaƙa a fuskar adawa mai tsanani daga iyalinta, waɗanda suka yi imanin cewa zunubi ne ga mace ta yi a talabijin. A shekara ta 2009, saboda kunyar karuwar shahararta, an ruwaito cewa 'yan uwanta biyu sun shiga gidanta yayin da mijinta (wanda aka yi imanin shi ne mijinta na biyu) ya fita ya harbe ta uku a kirji, ya kashe ta. Ba a kama su ba.

Waƙarta ta ƙarshe tana da taken, "Na mutu amma har yanzu ina zaune tsakanin masu rai, saboda ina rayuwa a cikin mafarkin ƙaunataccena" 

## Dubi kuma

* Kashewa mai daraja a Pakistan

:* Kotun bidiyo ta Kohistan ta 2012
:* Qandeel Baloch
:* Kashe Farzana Parveen
:* Kashe Samia Sarwar
:* Mutuwar Samia Shahid

## Manazarta
Hana Majalisar ba bisa ka'ida ba (Sashewa da 'Yanci na Alliances na Aure) Bill, 2011

Dokar haramtacciyar Majalisar (Sashewa da 'Yanci na Alliances na Aure), 2011 wata doka ce da aka gabatar a Indiya wacce ke da niyyar tantance kisan girmamawa. Yana da niyyar aikata laifuka game da tsoratar da manya masu yarda da Kotunan kangaroo don auren Gotra iri ɗaya, tsakanin kabilu, tsakanin al'umma da auren addinai.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
Kwamitin Shari'a na Indiya ne ya gabatar da rubutun farko a ranar 20 ga Janairun 2012. Har ila yau, hukumar ta fitar da takardar shawarwari game da khap panchayats da kisan girmamawa, kuma ta nemi ra'ayin jama'a game da shi. Takardar shawarwarin hukumar ta ki amincewa da shawarar da gwamnati ta bayar cewa ya kamata a yi wa Dokar Shari'a ta Indiya gyare-gyare don kawo kisan girmamawa a karkashin Sashe na 300. Hukumar ta ce ko da yake an riga an rufe laifukan da Dokar Shari'a ta Indiya, babu wani abu da zai hana irin waɗannan tarurruka su faru.[1][2]

Kudin da aka gabatar yana neman hana kowane mutum ko rukuni na mutane su taru da yin hukunci ko kuma su hukunta duk wani aure, wanda doka ba ta hana shi ba, a kan ikirarin cewa yana kawo wulakanci ga wani matsayi, yanki ko al'umma.

Aure, kamar yadda aka bayyana ta hanyar rubutun, ya haɗa da auren da aka tsara da kuma nufa. Za a ba mai karɓar gundumar da majistare alhakin kare mutanen da aka yi niyya kuma ya hana irin waɗannan tarurruka ba bisa ka'ida ba. Tsoron aikata laifuka zai sami ma'anar iri ɗaya kamar yadda yake a ƙarƙashin Sashe na 503 na Dokar Shari'a ta Indiya.

The offences under it will be cognisable, non-bailable and non-compoundable. The trials will be decided by a sessions judge or an additional session judge. Special courts which would be set by states in consultation with the High Courts will have the power of a session court. The courts will also be able to take sou motu cognisance  of the case. The offences will carry a maximum of three years imprisonment and a fine of ₹30,000.

## Dubi kuma

* Kashewa da girmamawa a Indiya

## Manazarta

## Ƙarin karantawa

*
Noor Jahaan

***Noor Jahaan*** fim ne mai ban sha'awa na haɗin gwiwar Indo-Bangla na 2018  wanda Abhimanyu Mukherjee ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni, wanda Raj Chakraborty ya samar a ƙarƙashin banners na Raj Chakraburty Production na Indiya da Jaaz Multimedia na Bangladesh kuma SVF Entertainment ta samar da shi.  Fim din ya nuna sabon mai zuwa Adrit Roy da Puja Cherry a cikin manyan matsayi. Fim ne na 2015 Marathi *Sairat* kuma an harbe shi a Krishnath College School, Berhampore .

## Makirci
*Noor Jahaan* labari ne na matasa biyu, Noor (wanda Adrit Roy ya buga) da Jahaan (wanda Puja Cherry ya buga). Noor yaro ne daga iyali matalauta wanda ya sami mafi girman kashi a jarrabawar HSC a gundumar sa. Jahaan yarinya ce daga iyali mai arziki wacce ita ce 'yar wani sanannen ɗan siyasa. Mahaifiyarta, Amina Begum (wanda Aparajita Auddy ya buga),  Sun hadu a kwaleji kuma sun ƙaunaci juna. Mahaifiyar Jahan ta same su kuma sun shiga matsala. Noor da Jahaan suna rawa da dare kuma ta yi ciki a daren aurensu. Sun yi ƙoƙari su tsere amma sun kasa. Bayan wannan, sun shirya su sake gudu amma kusan an kama su. Sun sami hanyar rayuwa tare - wato mutuwa. Yana nuna a cikin yanayin ƙarshen inda akwai dakatarwa.

## Masu ba da labari

* Adrit Roy a matsayin Noor 
* Puja Cherry a matsayin Jahaan 
* Aparajita Auddy a matsayin mahaifiyar Amena Begum / Jahan 
* Nader Chowdhury
* Dutta mai girma
* Chikon Ali
* Faizan Ahmed Boby
* Shamim Ya Ji Kunya

## Fitarwa
Noor Jahaan, wani hadin gwiwar Indo-Bangladesh, Raj Chakraborty Productions, SVF Entertainment da Jaaz Multimedia ne suka samar da shi. A farkon watan Yuli, Raj Chakraborty ya ce fim din ya kusan gama harbi sashi a Murshidabad, West Bengal kuma zai fara sashi na Bangladesh nan ba da daɗewa ba.[1] Koyaya, saboda rikice-rikice na hadin gwiwa a cikin 2017, gwamnatin Bangladesh ta fara dakatar da hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa.[2][3] Duk da cewa kashi 50% na fim din da ma'aikatan sun fito ne daga Bangladesh, Raj Chakraborty ya yi iƙirarin cewa a wannan lokacin makomar fim din ba ta da tabbas.[1]

## Saki
Da farko an shirya fim din don a saki shi a ranar 1 ga Satumba 2017, amma an jinkirta sakin saboda haramtacciyar haramtacciya a kan hadin gwiwa a Bangladesh. Daga baya aka sanar da cewa fim din zai fito a ranar 16 ga Fabrairu 2018, a karshen mako na Ranar soyayya.

## Sauti
 

Sautin *Noor Jaahan* ya hada da Savvy Gupta. An saki guda ɗaya daga sauti, "Shona Bondhu", a ranar 20 ga Yuli 2017,  yayin da aka saki bidiyon kiɗa a wannan rana. Waƙar, wacce Savvy ya kirkiro, Raj Barman da Prashmita suka raira waƙa kuma tare da kalmomin da Soumyadeb ya sake rubutawa, sakewa ne na waƙar gargajiya "Shona Bondhu" ta Abdul Gafur Hali. An saki bidiyon kiɗa na biyu, "Mon Boleche", a ranar 1 ga Janairun 2018.  "Mon Boleche", wanda Imran Mahmudul da Dilshad Nahar Kona suka rera, an sanar da shi a shafin Facebook na Jaaz Multimedia a ranar 31 ga Disamba 2017.

## Manazarta
 

## Haɗin waje

*
Kisan Praveen da Kisan Sharmila

**kisan Praveen** ya faru ne a jihar da ke jihar Tamil Nadu ta Kudancin Indiya. An kashe Praveen a cikin kisan girmamawa kamar yadda Praveen, Dalit (wanda ba a taɓa shi ba), ya auri Sharmila, yarinya mai daraja. Dan uwan Sharmila Dinesh da abokansa huɗu ne suka kashe shi. Sharmila ta kashe kanta.

## Tarihi
Sharmila, dalibi na kwaleji na shekara ta ƙarshe, ta ƙaunaci Praveen, injiniya, kuma ta auri shi a watan Oktoba 2023 ba tare da sanin iyayenta ba. Wannan ya fusata iyayenta da ɗan'uwanta. Praveen ya yi aiki a shagon mahaifinsa mai ƙafa biyu a Pallikaranai . Sharmila ta zauna a Jalladiampet kusa da Pallikaranai . Praveen ya zauna a titin Ambedkar a Pallikaranai .

## Kisan kai
Dinesh tare da abokai Stephen, Vishnuraj, Sriram, da Jothilingam sun kashe Praveen kuma suka gudu. 'Yan sanda sun kama su duka biyar.

## Kashe kansa
Sharmila ta yi ƙoƙari ta kashe kanta a ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 2024, kuma an kwantar da ita a Babban Asibitin Gwamnatin Rajiv Gandhi kuma ta mutu a ranar 22 ga Afrilu. A cikin bayanin kashe kansa ta rubuta "Duk inda RC (Praveen) ya tafi, ina zuwa. Ba na son wannan rayuwa ba tare da shi ba. "  

## Manazarta
Rahimahullah

**Rahimahullah** ( Arabic ) kalma ce da ake yawan amfani da ita bayan ambaton mutanen Musulunci masu adalci waɗanda suka rayu bayan sahabban Muhammadu . [1] Ambaton wani malami namiji da ya rasu, malami, shugaba, ko ma dangi wanda aka san shi da nagartarsa, ana iya biyo bayan addu'ar rahama a gare shi. Wannan kalma makamancin haka wajen ambaton mace ita ce rahimahallah ( Arabic: ).

## Manazarta
Kisan Gokulraj

An sace Gokulraj a ranar 23 ga Yuni, 2015 kuma an kashe shi a Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu . Gokularaj, dan Dalit, yana ƙaunar Swathi. An kashe Grajokula a cikin kisan girmamawa da Yuvaraj da sauransu suka yi.

Vishnupriya mataimakin mai kula da 'yan sanda a Tiruchengode, gundumar Namakkal ya kashe kansa. Tana binciken kisan Gokulraj .   An yi zargin cewa ta kashe kanta saboda damuwa daga manyan jami'an 'yan sanda a wannan shari'ar. DMK, Majalisa, da Liberation Tigers na Tamil Nadu suna zanga-zanga don binciken CBI game da lamarin. Koyaya, Babban Ministan Tamil Nadu J. Jayalalithaa ya sanar a Majalisar Dokoki cewa babu buƙatar binciken CBI kuma 'yan sanda za su bincika.

Abokin 'yan sanda na Vishnupriya kuma Mataimakin Superintendent na' yan sanda na Keezhakkarai Maheshwari ya ce, "Mutanen da ke da gaskiya suna bi da su ba daidai ba ne daga manyan hukumomi. 'Yan sanda na iya yin duk abin da suke so; duk abin da suka so zai faru" (Satumba 20, 2015 - Tamil The Hindu). Ta yi zargin cewa manyan hukumomi sun matsa wa Vishnupriya a cikin kisan Gokulraj kuma sun matsa mata ta kama mutane marasa alaƙa kuma ta tuhume su a karkashin Dokar Rigakafin 'yan daba.

## Tarihi
Gokulraj, dalibi na injiniya, an sace shi a ranar 23 ga Yuni, 2015 daga haikalin Arthanareeswarar a Tiruchengode inda yake ziyarta, tare da abokinsa Swathi, da Yuvaraj da sauransu. Yuvaraj ya gudanar da cibiyar sadarwa wacce za ta yi aiki don hana auren tsakanin kabilu, musamman tsakanin matan Gounder da maza na ƙananan kabilu. An gano jikin Gokulraj ba tare da kai ba a kan layin dogo a Pallipalayam.

## Shari'ar kotu
Babban Kotun Madras ta amince da ɗaurin rai da rai a kan Yuvaraj da wasu 7.  

## Manazarta
Kisan Billipuram Nagaraju

**Kisan Billipuram Nagaraju** ya faru ne a jihar Telangana ta Kudu ta Indiya. An kashe Nagaraju a cikin kisan girmamawa saboda ya auri Syed Ashrin Sultanam, Musulmi, yayin da Nagaraju Dalit ne. Dan uwan Syed Ashrin Sultana Syed Mobin Ahmed ne ya kashe shi tare da taimakon danginsu yayin da suke adawa da bikin auren addinai.

## Tarihi
Syed Ashrin Sultana ta yi Kasuwanci (BCom) kuma ita ce ƙarama cikin 'yan uwa biyar, Ta zauna a Vikarabad, Hyderabad, yayin da Billipuram Nagaraju ya yi karatu a Cibiyar Horar da Masana'antu a Hyderabad. Sun san juna tun lokacin da suke makaranta. Nagaraju 'yar asalin Marpalle ce a Gundumar Rangareddy [1] Ta auri Billipuram Nagaraju a haikalin Arya Samaj a ranar 31 ga watan Janairun 2022 duk da adawa daga iyalinta.[2] Tsoron barazanar daga iyalinta sai suka koma Visakhapatnam amma daga baya suka koma Hyderabad. Nagaraju ya yi aiki a matsayin mai sayar da motoci.

## Kisan kai
An yi wa Billipuram Nagaraju wuka kuma an yi masa duka da sandar ƙarfe a yankin Saroornagar da ke Hyderabad da ɗan'uwan Sultana Syed Mobin Ahmed da sauransu a ranar 4 ga Mayu, 2022. Sultana ta nemi taimako daga mai wucewa amma ba ta sami taimako don ceton mijinta ba.

## Shari'ar kotu
An yanke wa ɗan'uwan Sultana Syed Mobin Ahmed, da surukinsa, Mohammed Masood Ahmed hukuncin kisa kuma an ba su ɗaurin rai da rai.

## Manazarta
Kisan Kannagi da Murugesan

**kisan Kannagi da Murugesan** ya faru ne a jihar Tamil Nadu ta Kudancin Indiya. An kashe Kannagi da Murugesan a cikin kisan girmamawa kamar yadda Kannagi, Vanniyar, ya auri Murugesan, Dalit. Iyalan Kannagi ne suka kashe shi.

## Tarihi
Kannagi da Murugesan dukansu sun fito ne daga ƙauyen Puthukkooraippettai a Gundumar Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu . Kannagi ta yi B.com kuma Murugesan injiniya ce ta sinadarai. Kannagi ya fito ne daga babbar al'ummar Vanniyar yayin da Murugesan na cikin al'ummar Dalit. Kannagi da Murugesan sun yi aure a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 2003, ba tare da son iyayen Kannagi ba. 

## Kisan kai
Kannagi da Murugesan an tilasta musu shan guba a cikin cikakken jama'a a ranar 7 ga Yuli, 2003, ta hanyar ɗan'uwan Kannagi Maruthupandian da sauran dangi. Daga baya an ƙone gawawwakin.[1][2][3] Babban Kotun Madras ta sauya karar zuwa Babban Ofishin Bincike a kan roko daga mahaifin Murugesan bayan 'yan sanda na jihar sun karya shari'ar.[4]

## Shari'ar kotu
Kotun ta musamman ta Cuddalore ta yanke wa Maruthupandian hukuncin kisa kuma ta yanke wa wasu 12 hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai da rai ciki har da mai bincike da kuma DSP mai ritaya. Daga baya a kan daukaka kara Babban Kotun Madras ta sauya hukuncin kisa na Maruthupandian zuwa ɗaurin rai da rai kuma ta yanke wa wasu 9 hukunci ciki har da mahaifin Kannagi C Duraisamy .  

Kotun Koli ta Indiya a ranar 28 ga Afrilu 2025 ta tabbatar da hukuncin da aka yi a cikin shari'ar kisan kiyashi ta Kannagi-Murugesan daga Tamil Nadu.

Wani benci wanda ya kunshi Mai Shari'a Sudhanshu Dhulia da Mai Shari'ar PK Mishra sun yi watsi da roko da masu laifi takwas suka gabatar da su da ke kalubalantar hukuncin Babban Kotun Madras na 2022, wanda ya tabbatar da hukuncin ɗaurin rai da aka ba su.

## Manazarta
Rā tare da dots biyu a tsaye a sama

(**Sunan Unicode** : Harafin Larabci Reh Mai Digo Biyu A Tsaye A Sama) wani ƙarin harafi ne na rubutun Larabci, wanda aka samo daga rāʾ (ر) tare da ƙara digo biyu a sama da harafin. Ba a amfani da shi a cikin haruffan Larabci da kansa ba, amma ana amfani da shi a Ormuri don wakiltar magana mai ƙarfi ta alveolo-palatal, [ ʑ ] ), da kuma a Torwali .
Mujawwad

**Mujawwad** siffa ce da ta fito daga sunan tajweed wanda ke nufin furta kalmomi da haruffan Alƙur'ani daidai kuma bisa ga Larabci na gargajiya. Mujawwad salon karatun Alƙur'ani ne mai daɗi wanda aka sani a duk faɗin duniyar Musulmi. Sabanin Murattal, ana amfani da nau'ikan rabawa da yawa dangane da tsawon jimlolinsa. Ingancin muryar Mujawwad na iya zama mai sassautawa, mai tsauri, ko kuma a canza tsakanin su biyun, don ƙirƙirar tasirin ban mamaki. Tsarin waƙar yana da matakai, amma ana amfani da tsalle na huɗu ko fiye; kewayon na iya faɗaɗa sama da octave. Sifofin Melismatic na Mujawwad na iya zama da faɗi sosai idan aka kwatanta da yawancin abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin karatun Murattal ; Alƙur'ani.

Murattal shine sunan da ake kira tarteel, wanda ke karanta Alqur'ani a hankali.
Dear Jassi (fim)

Dear Jassi fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na 2023 wanda Tarsem Singh ya jagoranta kuma Amit Rai ya rubuta shi. Kayan haɗin gwiwar kamfanoni daga Indiya, Kanada da Amurka, fim din ya dogara ne akan labarin rayuwar Jaswinder Kaur Sidhu, wata mace ta Punjabi ta Kanada wacce ta yi karo da iyalinta lokacin da ta fada cikin soyayya kuma ta zaɓi auren mutumin da ba su amince da shi ba.

Tauraron fim din Pavia Sidhu a matsayin Jassi da Yugam Sood a matsayin sha'awar soyayya Mithu, da kuma Gourav Sharma, Sukhwinder Chahal, Sunita Dhir, Baljinder Kaur, Karan Arora, Abhinash Bachchan, Kam Bains, Paras Bajaj, Rajni Batra, Ranjodh Beli, Aman Bhogal, Harinder Bhullar, Mahabir Bhullar.

## Amsa mai mahimmanci
Charles Bramesco na *[[The Guardian]]* ya rubuta cewa "Kamar yawancin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na makarantar sakandare da yawa a gabansa, Tarsem ya bambanta yadda yake maimaita labarin Shakespeare na dog-eared ta hanyar mahallin, a wannan yanayin mafarki mai ban tsoro na Kafka na shige da fice. A saman ƙiyayya daga iyayen Jassi, jami'an kula da iyaka suna makirci don kiyaye ƙaunataccen jagorancinmu yaƙi zuwa Babban White North, ya raba su da takardun bango, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadadden ƙaunataccen ƙaunataccen hali da ƙayyadamar ƙaunataccen aikin 'yanci na ƙaunataccen' yan sanda na ƙaunatacce na ƙaunatacciyar ƙaunataccen aiki.

Ga Screen Daily, Tim Grierson ya rubuta cewa "Singh Dhandwar fashion ne mai kyau lokutan da wannan ma'aurata suka fara furewa. Musamman gamsarwa shine bambancin tsakanin gidajen da iyalan Jassi da Mithu ke zaune: nata tana da tsayi, don haka lokacin da yake tsaye a saman rufinsa don kallon ta a saman rufi, yana da kyakkyawar alama ce ta gani ga Romeo da Juliet' sanannen balcony scene. Amma kamar Shakespeare, Dear Jassi yana kan hanyar zuwa ga baƙin ciki, tare da mai yin fim din ya ba tare da ba.[1]

On the mai tarawashafin yanar gizonTumatir da ya lalace, 88% na sake dubawa 17 masu sukar suna da kyau.

## Rarraba
Cikakken labarin, da kuma gaskiyar cewa ya juya a kan kisan kai, ba a inganta shi ba kafin farawar,  don kara tasirin farko na karkatarwa a cikin abin da aka gabatar a farkon tallace-tallace a matsayin fim na soyayya mai sauƙi. 

Fim din ya fara ne a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Toronto na 2023, inda aka ba shi suna wanda ya lashe kyautar Platform .  A cikin jawabinsa na karɓa, Singh ya yi roƙo mai ƙarfi ga kafofin watsa labarai su daina amfani da kalmar "kisan girmamawa" dangane da labarun kamar na Jassi, a kan dalilin cewa yana iya haifar da ra'ayi cewa kisan ya cancanci.

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

*
Harbi a makarantar sakandare ta St. Pius X

The **St. Pius X High School shooting** occurred on October 27, 1975, at St. Pius X High School in Ottawa, Ontario. It was Canada's second recorded school shooting. The gunman, Robert Poulin, an 18-year-old St. Pius student, opened fire on his classmates with a shotgun, killing a 17-year-old classmate named Mark Hough and wounding five others before killing himself with a shotgun blast to the head. Earlier that day, Poulin lured a 17-year-old Sri Lankan female neighbour named Kim Rabot to his family's home before raping her and stabbing her to death. That afternoon, he had traveled to the St. Pius X High School to embark upon his shooting spree.

Poulin ya fito ne daga dangin soja kuma yana da burin soja na kansa, yana gaya wa iyayensa akai-akai game da sha'awarsa na zama matukin jirgi a cikin Royal Canadian Air Force. Wadannan sun fi lalacewa ta hanyar yanayin jikinsa da rashin girma na tunaninsa, wanda ya haifar da kin amincewa da shi daga shirin horar da jami'ai. Matsalolin jikinsa sun haɗa da rashin gani da nakasa na kirji.

Poulin ya kasance mai son kashe kansa aƙalla shekaru uku kafin harin kuma ya damu da jima'i da batsa, bayan ya rubuta akai-akai a cikin rubutunsa game da sha'awarsa na fuskantar jima'i kafin ya mutu.

Wani littafi mai suna Rape of a Normal Mind  daga baya aka rubuta game da lamarin.

## Dubi kuma

* Robert Joseph Bedard, malamin addini a lokacin harbi
* Harbi na makarantar sakandare ta Brampton Centennial, harbi na farko da aka rubuta a makarantar Kanada

## Manazarta

## Ayyukan da aka ambata da ƙarin karatu

*  
*  
*  

## Haɗin waje

* 28 Oktoba 1975 fitowar Jaridar Ottawa
* 2012 Tattaunawar *Ottawa Sun* tare da wanda ya ''hira'' daga harbi a makarantar sakandare ta St. Pius X Barclay Holbrook
Yin harbi na Arezu Badri

**Arezu Badri** ɗan ƙasar Iran ne mai shekaru 31 wanda jami'an Hukumar Kula da Dokar Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran suka harbe shi a daren 23 ga Yulin 2024  a garin Nur, Mazandaran, bisa zargin rashin bin dokokin hijabi na ƙasar. Ta sha wahala daga rauni a kashin baya. Badri mahaifiyar yara biyu ce.

## Abin da ya faru
a ranar 23 ga Yulin 2024 (2 Mordad 1403), jami'an 'yan sanda sun bude wuta a kan Arezu Badri, wanda aka ruwaito cewa an lissafa motarsa don kwacewa saboda keta doka. 'Yan sanda sun yi ƙoƙari su kama Badri kuma sun harbe motarta. Ɗaya daga cikin harsasai ya buge ta, kuma an tura ta cikin mawuyacin hali zuwa Asibitin Imam Khomeini a Nur.

Kashegari, an tura Badri zuwa sashin gaggawa na Asibitin Imam Khomeini a Sari. Likitoci sun tabbatar da raunin kashin baya daga harbin bindiga. Ta kasance a cikin coma  kuma a karkashin kulawa mai tsanani.  Bayan mako guda, an tura ta asibitin Valiasr a Tehran, inda ta kasance a karkashin tsaro mai tsanani. Ana ba da izinin 'yan uwa na kusa kawai su ziyarce ta ba tare da wayoyi ko kyamarori ba.

Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam Hengaw ta ruwaito a ranar 15 ga watan Agusta (25 Mordad) cewa yanayin jikin Badri ya kara muni, kuma iyalinta suna cikin matsin lamba don maimaita fasalin gwamnati game da abubuwan da suka faru kuma su tilasta ikirarin talabijin.

### Tabbatar da 'yan sanda game da harbi
A ranar 23 ga watan Yulin (2 Mordad), kwamandan 'yan sanda na Nur ya bayyana cewa "yin kula da umarnin' yan sanda don dakatar da shi ya haifar da jami'an bude wuta, daidai da dokar amfani da karfi".

A ranar 10 ga watan Agusta (20 Mordad), 'yan sanda na lardin Mazandaran sun fitar da wata sanarwa da ta tabbatar da cewa an harbe Badri kuma an kwantar da shi a asibiti a Nur County. An dakatar da motarta, Pride 111, a karfe 23:00 a ranar 21 ga Yuli (1 Mordad) "bisa ga ka'idojin amfani da bindiga. " 'Yan sanda sun zargi Badri da kanta da gudu, ba jami'an ba.[1] Shugaban Kungiyar Shari'a ta Sojojin ya ba da sanarwar takardar izinin kama "mai harbi" na Arezu Badri.[2]

## Rashin lafiya
A ranar 27 ga watan Disamba (7 Dey 1403), BBC Persian ta ruwaito, inda ta nakalto "wani tushen da aka sani", cewa likitoci sun tabbatar da cewa Badri ya gurgunta daga kugu zuwa ƙasa. BBC ta kuma ruwaito cewa jami'an tsaro sun matsa wa iyalinta su sanya hannu kan yardar ta hanyar barazanar kamawa ko bayar da kudi.

### Halin da aka yi

* On 27 December (7 Dey), journalist Masih Alinejad described the incident as an example of the systematic oppression of women by the Islamic Republic of Iran, calling it an instance of Gender apartheid.
* On 28 December (8 Dey), legal researcher Pegah Banihashem told Iran International that police threatened Badri's family, saying that if they spoke publicly, hospital expenses (allegedly very high) would not be covered, and cooperation would cease.

## Dubi kuma

* Kisan mata a Iran

## Manazarta
Cibiyar Nazarin Jama'a ta Kasa kan Kisan Mata

The National Citizen Observatory on Femicide of Mexico (Spanish: Observatorio Ciudadano Nacional del Feminicidio de México, **OCNF**) wata kungiya ce ta tsakiya ta Mexico ta shiga cikin 'yan ƙasa da ke mai da hankali kan aiwatar da kare haƙƙin ɗan adam tare da hangen nesa na jinsi. Ya kasance wata kungiya ce ta ba da shawara don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da tashin hankali na jinsi tun daga shekara ta 2007, ya kuma goyi bayan sake dubawa da buƙatun sanarwar Gargadi na Tashin hankali na Jima'i akan mata a Mexico.

## Tarihi
A shekara ta 2003, an inganta kirkirar Observatorio Ciudadano para Monitorear la Impartición de Justicia tare da manufar bin shari'o'in kisan mata a Ciudad Juárez da Chihuahua. A cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa, Cibiyar ta gabatar da rahotanni biyu da ke ba da shawarwari waɗanda Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Amurka ta ɗauka a matsayin shaida a cikin shari'ar shari'ar Campo Algodonero, shari'ar farko da Kotun ta karɓi hangen nesa na jinsi game da alhakin kasa da kasa na Jihar Mexico saboda rashin bin diddigin a cikin binciken da suka shafi bacewar Claudia Ivette González, Esmeralda Herrera Monreal da Laura Berenice Ramos Monárrez.[1][2]

In 2007, after the publication of the General Law on Women's Access to a Life Free of Violence, María de la Luz Estrada called for the creation of the National Citizen Observatory on Feminicide (OCNF). In this year,  the OCNF initiated an investigation on gender violence in the country to make the situation visible and contribute to the creation of efficient mechanisms for the prevention, punishment, and eradication of this problem. From January 2007 to December 2008, 1221 homicides against women and girls were documented in 13 Mexican states. As of 2008, the Observatory demands the implementation of the declaration of Alerta de Violencia de Género contras las Mujeres in the State of Mexico.

## Manazarta
Reqa'

**Reqa**' ( Arabic ) yana ɗaya daga cikin rubutun Larabci guda shida da ake amfani da su musamman don haruffa, umarni, ko rubuce-rubuce. [1] An yi amfani da Reqa' don wasiƙun sirri a kan ƙananan takardu ko don littattafai da rubuce-rubuce marasa addini. Ibn al-Nadim ya ambata a cikin Al-Fihrist cewa wanda ya ƙirƙiri Reqaʿ shine al-Fadl ibn Sahl . [ ana buƙatar ambato ] Wannan rubutun yana ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun rubuce-rubuce a Daular Ottoman . Wasu masu rubuta rubutu sun sauƙaƙa Reqaʿ a hankali, kuma an canza shi zuwa wani nau'i mai suna Ruqʿah ( رُقعة ) ko Riqʿah ( رِقعة ), wanda yanzu shine rubutun hannu da aka fi sani a duniyar Larabawa . [2]

## Manazarta
Falsafar Afrophone

Falsafar Afrophone tana nufin amfani da harsunan Afirka don bayyana da kuma fayyace ra'ayoyin falsafa, suka da kuma nazari, tare da kafa wani fanni na falsafar Afirka daga amfani da harsunan Turai da aka gabatar a lokacin mulkin mallaka . [1] Bayan ɓangaren harshe, an kuma gabatar da ra'ayin a matsayin madadin ƙuntatawa na ayyukan da suka gabata na falsafar gargajiya, ta 'yan asalin ƙasar, da falsafar ƙabilanci . [1] Falsafar Afrophone ta zamani tana da kwarin gwiwa sosai ta hanyar ci gaban rubuce -rubucen adabin Afrophone, kamar yadda Ngugi wa Thiong'o ya misalta.

An mayar da hankali kan nazarin ra'ayoyin falsafa a cikin harsunan Afirka kamar Swahili, Lingala, Shona, Ndebele, Bambara da Yoruba,  da sauransu.

## Nassoshi

### Littattafan tarihi
Takbil

**Taqbil** or **Taqbeel** ( Arabic   ;  ;  ) al'ada ce ta sumbatar hannu ko ƙafafu na mijin mutum, iyayensa ko malaman addini, kodayake yin hakan ga malamai ya ci gaba da zama abin cece-kuce. 

## Bayani
Taqbil a Larabci a zahiri yana nufin "sumba", kuma ya kasance al'adar da aka saba gani a tarihi kuma ta yaɗu a duniyar Musulunci .

A tarihi, sau da yawa Sayyids yana karɓar wannan alamar girmamawa daga sauran jama'a, da kuma juna, musamman dangin gida. Ana iya haɗa wannan alamar a matsayin wata hanyar gaisuwa, inda ake sumbatar hannunsu (yawanci hannun dama).

Ana iya yin sumbatar hannu ko da lokacin da wanda aka yi wa sumbatar yaro ne ko kuma mutum ba tare da wani bambanci na musamman ba dangane da ilimin addini ko ibada, sau da yawa don gane darajar zuriyar mutum maimakon cancantar mutumin. [1] Wannan al'adar Taqbil kuma ana kiranta da Shamma a matsayin abin ƙyama, wanda ke nufin "shafawa" a cikin Larabci, kamar yadda maza ke sumbatar hannun juna ana ɗaukarsa abin zargi a wasu makarantun shari'ar Musulunci. [2]

### A Yemen
A ƙarni na sha tara da ashirin, wasu daga cikin iyalan Sayyid na Yemen sun ci gaba da gabatar da hujjoji na musamman don magance su, kodayake an yi watsi da wannan al'adar sosai a wancan lokacin. Ɗaya daga cikin fitattun malaman fikihu a lokacin, Abdurrahman bin Muhammad al-Mashhur ya yi magana game da matsayin musamman na Sayyid a Yemen. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa "zuriyar Annabi su ne suka fi kowa so a cikin mutane, kuma zuriyar 'Alawi' sun fi kowa so a cikinsu" saboda ilimin addini da aiki, matsayinsu na ɗabi'a mai girma, albarkarsu da kuma ibadarsu. Da yake amsa tambaya game da daidaiton al'adar sumbatar hannun Sayyid, ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya halatta a cewar hukumomin addini. 

Al'adar ba ta zama ruwan dare a Yemen a yanzu, sai dai idan mutum ya gaishe da Sayyid mai girma saboda girmama iliminsa ko ibadarsa, kamar ga Shaihu . &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Manazarta