Mona Khalil

**Mona al-Khalil** (an haife ta a ranar 2 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1949 a Legas, Najeriya), wanda aka fi sani da **Mona Khalil** (Arabic) kuma wani lokacin ana fassara shi da **Mona el-Khalil**, mai kiyayewa muhalli ne kuma mai kula da muhalli a Kudancin Lebanon, wanda ya ƙware wajen kare tururuwan teku masu haɗari.

## Rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta farko a Najeriya da Lebanon
A cikin wata hira ta tarihin baki ta 2017 don Shirin Storytellers na Cibiyar Nazarin Mata ta Beirut (KW) Khalil ta bayyana mahaifiyarta a matsayin "mace ta al'umma" wacce ba ta damu da 'ya'yanta sosai. Khalil ta jaddada cewa a maimakon haka tana da kyakkyawar dangantaka da mai kula da ita, ta haɓaka ƙauna mai zurfi ga yanayi kuma koyaushe tana jin kanta ta Najeriya fiye da Lebanon.

Saboda haka, ta sha wahala sosai, musamman saboda rabuwa da mai kula da ita, lokacin da take da shekaru bakwai sai ta koma Lebanon tare da 'yar'uwarta. Khalil ta halarci Makarantar Bishara ta Beirut ta Amurkawa don 'yan mata kuma ta ji an nuna musu wariya a can, tunda galibi tana magana da Turanci na Najeriya kuma kawai Larabci mara kyau. Sabanin haka, Khalil ta yi farin ciki a lokacin karshen mako da hutu a gonar iyalinta tare da gidan rairayin bakin teku a ƙauyen Mansouri, kimanin kilomita 95 a kudancin Beirut kuma kawai 'yan kilomita a kudancin tsohuwar tashar jiragen ruwa ta Taya. Yankin yafi zama da Palasdinawa waɗanda suka tsere daga ƙasarsu a cikin mahallin Nakba na 1948. 

A cewarta, Khalil ta yi aure tana da shekaru 21 a karkashin matsin iyalinta don rayuwa ta bourgeois kuma ta haifi ɗa.

### Yin gudun hijira a cikin Netherlands

A shekara ta 1982, Khalil ta lalace saboda Raunin tunani saboda mutuwar ɗanta kaɗai a cikin Tekun Ionian a kusa da Corfu. Yaron yana yin amfani da ruwa don starfish kuma direban jirgin ruwa mai maye ya buge shi. A cikin *HIMA* - wani ɗan gajeren fim na 2021 ta mai shirya fim ɗin Giulia Franchi - Khalil ya bayyana wannan mummunan fashewar ƙaddara a matsayin canji a rayuwarta:Ba ku da wani zabi: ko dai, ku kasance kanka kuma ku rayu rayuwarku, ko ku kashe kanka kuma ku gama da wannan. Don haka hanyar tunani ta bambanta da yadda iyalin na yi tunani. Dukansu suna son ni in zama wanda ba ni ba. Na yi aure, ina da ɗa, na yi shiru na dogon lokaci, har sai na rasa shi. Lokacin da na rasa shi... wannan shine. Na farka.   

A cikin hira ta KW, Khalil ta bayyana cewa ta shiga cikin magani mai zurfi da kuma maganin kwakwalwa a cikin Netherlands wanda ta yaba da ceton rayuwarta. A lokaci guda, Khalil ta jaddada, ta yi alkawarin iyakance kanta don yin abubuwa kawai a rayuwarta waɗanda za su kawo mata farin ciki. Ta bar mijinta kuma ta ci gaba da mafarkin komawa Mansouri, wurin da ta yi farin ciki tun tana yarinya. A halin yanzu, ita da 'yan uwanta sun gaji gonar bakin teku ta iyali a Mansouri daga kakansu, wanda aka watsar tun daga Yaƙin Lebanon na 1982, lokacin da Sojojin Tsaro na Isra'ila (IDF) suka mamaye Kudancin Lebanon.

### Komawa Lebanon
 
A shekara ta 1999, bayan kwata na karni, Khalil ta koma Lebanon a karon farko don ziyarar ƙasar iyalinta. Ta kuma tafi tare da abokiyarta don ganin dukiyarta a Mansouri, wanda ke kusa da yankin da ke ƙarƙashin mamayar Isra'ila a lokacin.[1] Wata dare ba tare da wata ba a lokacin wannan zama, matan biyu sun sami damar haɗuwa a bakin rairayin bakin teku tare da tururuwar teku mai kore da ke sa qwai a cikin yashi.[2] Bayan ya koyi cewa rairayin bakin teku yana daya daga cikin 'yan kalilan da suka rage a Lebanon don nau'in da ke cikin haɗari da kuma tururuwan teku, wanda Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya don Kula da Yanayi ta rarraba a matsayin nau'in mai rauni, Khalil ta yanke shawarar sadaukar da kanta ga dalilin kare waɗannan dabbobi da mazauninsu.[1]

A farkon shekara ta 2000, Khalil ya ƙaura daga Netherlands zuwa Mansouri . Watanni uku bayan haka, IDF da abokansu na Sojojin Kudancin Lebanon sun janye daga yankin da ke kusa. Abin mamaki shine, dalilan Khalil, mamayar Isra'ila ta kiyaye yankin ba tare da taɓa shi ba. Ta haɗu da abokinta Habiba Fayed, wacce ke da sha'awar kiyayewa, kuma nan da nan suka buɗe gado da karin kumallo a cikin gidan, wanda kakan Khalil ya gina a cikin shekarun 1970, don tallafawa kokarin kare muhalli ta hanyar yawon shakatawa. Sun fentin bangarorin da launi orange kuma sun kira shi "Orange House" don girmama tsohon mafakar Khalil ta Dutch. A wata hira da The Daily Star Khalil ya jaddada cewa wurin ma Yaren mutanen Holland ne a cikin haƙuri na zamantakewa:Mutane suna zuwa saboda a nan wuri ne na sirri. Wuri ne da babu wanda zai yi musu hukunci, muddin suna girmama yanayi. 'Yan luwadi, 'Yan mata, komai - babu wanda zai hukunta su a nan.  Fiye da shekaru uku, Khalil da Fayed sun horar da masana kimiyya daga kungiyar NGO ta Mediterranean Association to Save the Sea Turtles (MEDASSET) da ke Athens don kafa shirin saka idanu, tattara bayanai da kare gidajen turtles. Babban aiki ga Khalil, Fayed, baƙi da mataimakan sa kai shine kiyaye rairayin bakin teku mai tsabta, musamman daga Sharar filastik da ke sauka a bakin teku. Da farko, yawancin wannan gurɓatawar ya fito ne daga hedikwatar rundunar sojin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Lebanon (UNIFIL). Koyaya, an rage wannan matsalar ta hanyar hadin kai tare da masu kiyaye zaman lafiya.

Babbar matsala ita ce a gefe guda, mutane sun sake fara yin biki a bakin rairayin bakin teku, suna barin shara da sata ƙwai ko ma yara. Har ma mafi muni, masunta sun dawo da hanyoyin lalacewa kamar taru masu kusa, dinamite da kamun kifi mai guba. Kokarin Khalil na dakatar da su ya sa ba ta da mashahuri ga wasu mazauna yankin, waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin ƙone gidanta. Ta ba da labarin har ma da an harbe ta. Duk da haka bayan 'yan shekaru, Khalil ya sami nasarar dakatar da irin waɗannan ayyukan masu cutarwa.
 
Lokacin da yakin Isra'ila-Hezbollah na 2006 ya fara a watan Yulin 2006, lokacin da tururuwa ke yin gida, wanda ke farawa a watan Mayu kuma ya ƙare a watan Oktoba, yana cikin cikakken motsi. Saboda haka, Khalil da Fayed sun zauna na kwana uku  kuma sun nemi mayakan Hezbollah su bar bakin teku. Koyaya, bayan harin jirgin sama na Isra'ila ya lalata gidan maƙwabcin, sun gudu don aminci kuma sun dawo ne kawai yayin da yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta fara aiki a tsakiyar watan Agusta. An lalata ɗakuna biyu na Orange House ta hanyar bama-bamai na Isra'ila, amma abin farin ciki an kare rairayin bakin teku daga gurɓataccen kai tsaye wanda ya haifar da zubar da man fetur na tashar wutar lantarki ta Jiyeh. Khalil ya ci gaba da rubuta cewa duk da yakin, wasu yara 5,000 daga 70 loggerheads da 9 green turtle sheaks sun isa teku a wannan shekarar,  yana mai lura da cewa shine mafi kyawun lokacin tun farkon aikin, saboda fada ya hana mutane daga rairayin bakin teku.

A shekara ta 2008, Mansouri mai nisan kilomita 1.4 na rairayin bakin teku an amince da shi a hukumance ta gari a matsayin **hima* -* "yanki mai kariya ga al'umma" - saboda siffofin halitta daban-daban da kuma wuraren da tururuwa ke zaune. Kuma a cikin 2015 ya bayyana cewa rairayin bakin teku na Mansouri ma wuri ne na tarihi lokacin da guguwar hunturu ta fallasa kayan tarihi na tarihi wanda ya kunshi mosaic, tukwane da gilashi. Duk da haka, hima ya - daga ra'ayi na kiyayewa - ya fuskanci wata barazana tun daga 2017 daga gurɓataccen ruwa, haske da hayaniya, lokacin da aka fara gina wani wurin shakatawa mai zaman kansa a bakin rairayin bakin teku makwabta zuwa Kudu.

A cikin 2019, hukumomi sun sanya haraji na fam miliyan 10 na Lebanon - sannan daidai da US $ 400 - a kan Khalil don ƙetare tare da motarta layin jirgin kasa na jama'a  - wanda aka watsar a 1975. 

Lokacin da annobar COVID-19 ta bar rairayin bakin teku na Mansouri ya ɓace kuma wurin shakatawa na alatu da ke kusa da shi ya rufe, Khalil da tawagarta sun ga adadin rikodin gidaje 20 na tururuwan teku masu haɗari.

 A cikin hira da The Daily Star Khalil ya kammala cewa:Wannan wuri shine sama a duniya a gare ni. Babu wani sama a gare ni, wannan shine.  

## Haɗin waje

* Shafin Facebook na Khalil
* Shafin Facebook na gidan Orange
* *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fgDq-LrPniE Mona Khalil, wani labari daga Lebanon]* - hira ta minti 7 a Larabci tare da subtitles na Turanci ta Bouna Antonio daga 2019
* Orange House Project - ɗan gajeren fim na Monique Bassila Zaarour daga 2012
* Sea Turtles and endangered species - littafi ne ga yara na Youmna Jazzar Medlej da Joumana Medlej, wanda Cedarseed ya buga a 2007 a cikin Larabci, Turanci da Faransanci, 
* The Orange House - fim din Ramin Francis Assadi, wanda aka fitar a 2011
* *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sH6pxTvI1uw Shaidar Tsayayya - Mona Khalil]* - hira ta minti 12 daga 2017

## Bayanan da aka ambata