Gaius Marius

**Gaius Marius** ( [ˈɡaːiʊs ˈmariʊs];   - 13 Janairu 86 BC) ya kasance janar na Romawa kuma ɗan siyasa. Victor na yaƙe-yaƙe na Cimbric da Jugurthine, ya rike ofishin jakadanci sau bakwai da ba a taɓa gani ba. Da yake fitowa daga dangin kananan masu mallakar ƙauye a ƙauyen da ake kira Ceraetae a cikin gundumar Arpinum, Marius ya sami kwarewarsa ta farko ta soja tare da Scipio Aemilianus a Siege na Numantia a cikin 134 BC. Ya lashe zaben a matsayin Mai ba da shawara ga jama'a a cikin 119 BC kuma ya zartar da dokar da ke iyakance tsangwama ta aristocratic a cikin zabe. Da zarar an zabe shi a matsayin mai mulki a 115 BC, sai ya zama gwamnan Further Spain inda ya yi yakin neman zabe da 'yan fashi.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Marius ya sami wakilcinsa na farko a cikin 107 BC kuma ya zama kwamandan sojojin Romawa a Numidia, inda ya kawo karshen Yakin Jugurthine . A shekara ta 105 KZ Roma ta fuskanci mamayewar Cimbri da Teutons, kuma *comitia centuriata* ta zabi Marius a karo na biyu don fuskantar wannan sabon barazanar. Marius ya kasance mai ba da shawara a kowace shekara daga 104 zuwa 100 BC, kuma ya ci Teutones a Aquae Sextiae da Cimbri a Vercellae . Koyaya, Marius ya sha wahala daga siyasa a lokacin da ya zama mai ba da shawara na shida a cikin 100 BC kuma daga baya ya shiga lokacin ritaya daga rayuwar jama'a.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Jamhuriyar ta fada cikin rikici tare da barkewar Yaƙin Jama'a'a a cikin 91 BC, inda Marius ya yi yaƙi da iyakantaccen nasara. Daga nan sai ya shiga cikin rikici tare da Janar Sulla na Roma wanda ya haifar da gudun hijira zuwa Afirka a cikin 88 BC. Marius ya koma Italiya daga Carthage a lokacin Yaƙin Octavius, ya kwace Roma, kuma ya fara mulkin ta'addanci mai zubar da jini a cikin birni wanda ya ƙare da zabensa a matsayin mai ba da shawara a karo na bakwai sannan ya mutu cikin makonni bayan ya ɗauki wannan mai ba da izini na bakwai, a cikin 86 BC.&nbsp;&nbsp;

A cikin karni na 19,  Marius an yaba da abin da ake kira gyare-Gyaran Marian, gami da sauyawa daga harajin 'yan bindiga zuwa sojoji masu sana'a; ingantawa ga pilum (wani nau'in javelin); da canje-canje ga tsarin tsarin dabaru na sojojin Romawa. Masana tarihi na ƙarni na ashirin da ɗaya galibi suna kallon ra'ayin a matsayin "tsarin ilimin zamani".

A cikin 134 KZ, Marius ya shiga rundunar Scipio Aemilianus a matsayin jami'in tafiyar zuwa Numantia . [12] Ba a san ko Marius ya riga ya kasance kuma yana aiki a Numantia tare da kwamandan da ya gabata lokacin da Aemilianus ya isa ba. Yayinda yake aiki tare da sojoji a Numantia, kwarewarsa ta soja ta kawo shi ga hankalin Scipio Aemilianus. A cewar Plutarch, a lokacin tattaunawa bayan abincin dare, lokacin da tattaunawar ta juya ga janar din kuma wani ya tambayi Scipio Aemilianus inda mutanen Romawa za su sami magajin da ya cancanci ya gaji shi, ƙaramin Scipio ya yi amfani da shi a kafada ta Marius, yana cewa "Wataƙila wannan shine mutumin".&nbsp;

Zai zama kamar har ma a wannan matakin farko na aikin soja, Marius yana da burin yin aiki na siyasa a Roma. An zabe shi ne bisa ga nasarorin da ya samu, duk da cewa ba a san shi da gani ga masu jefa kuri'a ba, a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan sojoji na musamman guda ashirin da hudu. Bayan zabe, mai yiwuwa ya yi wa Quintus Caecilius Metellus Balearicus hidima a Tsibirin Balearic, ya taimaka masa ya sami nasara.[1] Bayan haka, Marius mai yiwuwa ya gudu don quaestorship bayan ya rasa zaben karamar hukuma a Arpinum. Wataƙila ya tsaya don ofishin gida a matsayin hanyar samun tallafi a gida, kuma ya rasa ga mai fafatawa na gida. Yana yiwuwa, duk da haka, cewa Marius bai taba gudu don quaestorship ba, yana tsalle kai tsaye zuwa ga tribune plebeian.[1] Wataƙila ya shiga cikin babbar nasarar Romawa a Yaƙin Kogin Isère a cikin 121 BC, wanda ya tabbatar da ikon Romawa a kudancin Gaul.[1] 

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