open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Joel Ogebe

**Joel Ogebe** (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1993) ya kasance wanda kuma ake kira Sound of Salem shi ne mai wa'azi, mawaƙi kuma marubucin waƙa na Najeriya. Shi ne wanda ya kafa House of Salem International, wanda ke da hedikwata a Legas, Najeriya. Ya sami shahara tare da waƙoƙin "We Will Be Many" da "Promise Keeper".

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Joel Ogebe a ranar 16 ga Maris 1993, a Jos, Jihar Plateau, Najeriya, ga Fasto Matthew Ogebe da Mrs. Mary Ogebe .

Ya shafe mafi yawan lokacin yaro a Arewacin Najeriya, ya kammala karatun firamare a Makarantar Firamare ta Ruhu Mai Tsarki, Makurdi . Don karatun sakandare, ya halarci Kwalejin Majalisar Allah, Makurdi .

Daga baya, ya ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin Ilimi, Oju, inda ya yi karatun Biology da Geography.

## Ayyuka
Ogebe an haife ta ne a cikin iyalin Kirista masu ibada. Ya fara aikin minista yana da shekaru 13, wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa lokacin da ya girma.

Koyaya, ya fara hidima mai aiki a hukumance a Makurdi, Jihar Benue, ya fara aiki tare da Burden Bearers Fellowship a Ikilisiyar Gaskiya da Rayuwa.

A lokacin da yake da shekaru 24, ya kafa Fire City International, Makurdi . Daga baya, ya koma Abuja, inda ya fara Love Family International . Tare da lokaci, ma'aikatar ta zama gidan Salem International. A ranar 13 ga Afrilu 2022, Manzo Arome Osayi ne ya kaddamar da gidan Salem International .  A halin yanzu, House of Salem International tana aiki a Legas, Abuja, Calabar, da Ingila.

Ogebe kuma ita ce jagorar mawaƙa da marubucin waƙa don Sound of Salem . A cikin 2022, ya fitar da waƙarsa ta farko "Alive in Me". A watan Fabrairun 2025, ya fitar da waƙar "We Will Be Many" tare da Lawrence Oyor da Moses Akoh . Waƙar ta sami shahara ta kai sama da ra'ayoyi miliyan 15 a kan Spotify kadai, tun daga watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2025. 

## Bayanan da aka yi

### Albums

### Zaɓaɓɓun mutane

## Hotunan fina-finai

* Annabi Ba zato ba tsammani 2

## Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Ogebe ya auri Deborah Joel Adole a ranar 19 ga watan Agusta 2023 a wani bikin aure na sirri. Tare, suna zaune a Legas, Najeriya.

## Manazarta
Watan (jarida)

**Watan** ( Arabic ) Jarida ce ta Larabawa-Amurka ta mako-mako [1] [2] [3] ta Watan News LLC. [4] An kafa shi a Washington, DC, a cikin 1990 ta ɗan jarida Nezam Mahdawi. [5] [6] [7] [8] A cikin 1993, jaridar ta koma hedkwatarta zuwa Los Angeles, California. [9] [10] [11]

*Watan News* ya fara ne a matsayin jarida na wata-wata, sannan ya zama jarida da ake bugawa kowane mako.     Ya ƙaddamar da gidan yanar gizon labarai a cikin 1996. 

## Tarihi
An fara ƙaddamar da Watan a matsayin bugu na wata-wata a Washington a cikin 1991 ta Nazem Mahdawi.  Ya canza shelkwatarsa zuwa California a 1996. 

Ana fara aikin jaridar Watan ne a matsayin wata-wata, sannan duk sati biyu, sannan a sati.  

## Manazarta
WebTeb

**WebTeb** ( Arabic ) Shafin yanar gizo ne na Larabawa [1] wanda ke samarwa da kuma buga labaran kiwon lafiya, labarai na kiwon lafiya da bayanai da salon rayuwa ta hanyar kayan aiki da batutuwa daban-daban kamar su bayyanar cututtuka, cututtuka da magunguna, da kuma kasidu kan magunguna, lafiya, kyau da kuma wasu abubuwan da suka shafi ciki da haihuwa . [2] An kafa WebTeb a cikin 2011 ta Dokta Mahmoud Kayal don samar da masu magana da Larabci tare da bayanai, kayan aiki, da aikace-aikace don rakiyar su kuma su zama bayanin lafiya da salon rayuwa a rayuwarsu. [3]

## Tafiya
WebTeb ya fara ne ta hanyar samar da bayanai na musamman game da cututtuka, kwayoyi, jiyya, da tiyata, zuwa labarai da labaran da suka shafi kiwon lafiya da kiwon lafiya daban-daban. WebTeb yanzu yana da sassan da aka keɓe kamar su Magunguna, Lafiya, Kyawawa, Ciki, da Haihuwa . Har ila yau, yana ba da dandalin al'umma wanda ke taimakawa masu amfani da su mu'amala da juna, da kuma aikace-aikacen wayar hannu: aikace-aikacen likitanci na WebTeb.  

## Tarihi
Tushen abubuwan da ke cikin WebTeb daga Jami'ar Harvard da Mayo Clinic. Gidan yanar gizo na WebTeb yana da masu amfani da miliyan 7.8 a kowane wata, miliyan 30 ra'ayoyi a kowane wata    da kuma mu'amala a kan dandamali daban-daban kamar kwamfutoci da na'urori masu wayo.  

## Kyaututtuka da nasarori
WebTeb ya sami kyaututtuka masu zuwa:

* Matsayi na farko a Kyautar Sheikh Ali Al-Sabah don Mafi kyawun aikace-aikace. 
* Matsayi na uku a kyautar HH Sheikh Al Ali Al Sabah don mafi kyawun gidajen yanar gizo 
* An yi matsayi na farko a lambar yabo ta Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum don mafi tasiri dandamalin zamantakewa. 
* An yi matsayi na 13 a cikin jerin Forbes don farawar Larabawa 100 mafi ƙarfi. 

## Manazarta
Fassarar na'urar Larabci

**[[Larabci]]** ɗaya ne daga cikin manyan harsunan da masu binciken **injin fassara** (MT) suka ba da kulawa tun farkon farkon MT kuma musamman a cikin Amurka Harshen ya kasance ana la'akari da shi a koyaushe "saboda yanayin halittarsa, syntactic, phonetic and phonological Properties [don zama] ɗaya daga cikin yare mafi wahala don sarrafa harshe da rubutu . 

Larabci "ya bambanta sosai dangane da haruffansa, ilimin halittar jiki da kuma diacritization daga wasu harsuna." [1] Saboda haka, masu bincike ba koyaushe za su iya shigo da mafita daga wasu harsuna ba, kuma a yau fassarar na'ura ta Larabci har yanzu tana buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari don ingantawa, musamman a fannin tsarin wakilcin ma'anar, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don cimma ingantaccen fassarar.

A cikin 2022, Cibiyar Ƙirƙirar Fasaha ta Abu Dhabi (TII) ta buɗe 'Noor,' samfurin sarrafa harshe mafi girma a duniya don fassarar harshen Larabci  . Kafin wannan, samfurin Larabci mafi girma shine AraGPT, ƙirar da aka horar akan ma'auni biliyan 1.5. TII ta horar da Noor akan sigogi biliyan 10.

## Hanyoyi don nazarin sarrafa na'ura na Larabci

### Hanyoyi na musamman
Hanyoyi na musamman suna bayyana fasalin harshe na Larabci kuma suna amfani da su don tsarin aiki na gida musamman ga tsarin harshe na cikin gida na Larabci. Sun damu da ilimin halittar jiki da na larabci. Sakhr ɗaya ne daga cikin ƙungiyoyin masu magana da harshen Larabci waɗanda ke haɓaka tsarin sarrafa na'ura na Larabci. 

### Hanyoyi na duniya
Hanyoyi na duniya na amfani da hanyoyin da tsarin da aka tabbatar suna da amfani a wasu harsuna kamar Ingilishi ko Faransanci yin wasu gyare-gyare idan ya cancanta. Abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a nan shi ne kan abubuwan da suka dace na tsarin harshe gaba ɗaya. Wannan tsarin yana biye da yawancin kamfanonin da ke samar da aikace-aikacen software na Larabci.

## Manazarta
Harshen Larabci

**Larabci** Speech Corpus shine Tsarin Magana na Larabci na Zamani (MSA) don haɗa magana . Ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi rubutattun sauti da rubutu na fiye da sa'o'i 3.7 na magana ta MSA daidai da jawabin da aka yi rikodi akan matakin sautin wayar. Bayanan bayanan sun haɗa da alamun damuwa na kalmomi akan ɗayan wayoyi. [1]

## Manufar
An gina jikin gawar ne don dalilai na haɗa magana, musamman Maganar Magana, amma an yi amfani da gawar don gina muryoyin HMM a cikin Larabci. An kuma yi amfani da shi don daidaita sauran ƙungiyoyin magana ta atomatik tare da kwafin sautinsu kuma ana iya amfani da shi azaman wani yanki na babban ƙungiyar don horar da tsarin tantance magana. 

## Abubuwan da ke ciki
Kunshin ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa:

* 1813 .wav fayiloli dauke da maganganun magana.
* 1813 .Lab files dauke da kalaman rubutu.
* 1813 .TextGrid fayiloli dauke da lakabin wayar hannu tare da tambarin lokaci na iyakokin inda waɗannan ke faruwa a cikin fayilolin .wav.
* phonetic-transcript.txt wanda ke da nau'in "[wav_filename]" "[Sequence na waya]" a kowane layi.
* orthographic-transcript.txt wanda ke da nau'in "[wav_filename]" "[Orthographic Transcript]" a kowane layi. Orthography yana cikin tsarin Buckwalter wanda ya fi abokantaka inda akwai software da ba ta karanta rubutun larabci. Ana iya mayar da shi cikin sauƙi zuwa Larabci.
* Akwai ƙarin mintuna 18 na cikakken bayanin corpus (raba da sama amma tare da tsari iri ɗaya kamar na sama) wanda aka yi amfani da shi don kimanta ƙungiyar (duba karatun PhD).

An kuma yi amfani da gawar don tabbatar da cewa ta yin amfani da cirewa ta atomatik, alamomin damuwa na tushen rubutun  suna inganta ingancin haɗin magana a cikin MSA.

## Duba kuma

* Kwatanta bayanan bayanai a cikin koyon injin

## Manazarta
ArabTeX

**ArabTeX** kunshin software ne na kyauta wanda ke ba da tallafi ga haruffan Larabci da Ibrananci zuwa TeX da LaTeX . Wanda Klaus Lagally ya rubuta, yana iya ɗaukar romanized ASCII ko shigar da rubutun asali don samar da ingantattun ligatures don Larabci, Farisa, Urdu, Pashto, Sindhi, Western Punjabi (Lahnda), Maghribi, Uyghur, Kashmiri, Ibrananci, Judeo-Larabci, Ladino da Yiddino . Ana sanya haruffan ArabTeX a cikin takaddar TeX/LaTeX ta amfani da umarnin \RL { ... } ko mahallin \begin { RLtext } ... \begin { RLtext } ... . An saki ArabTeX ƙarƙashin LaTeX Project Public License v1+. [1]

## Misali

```latex
\novocalize
\RL{al-salAm `alaykum}
```

```latex
\documentclass[12pt]{article}
 \usepackage{arabtex}
 \begin{document}
 \setarab
 \fullvocalize
 \transtrue
 \arabtrue
 \begin{RLtext}
 bismi al-ll_ahi al-rra.hm_ani al-rra.hImi
العربية
 \end{RLtext}
 \end{document}
```


## Umarni gama gari

* 
```latex
\setarab
```
 (saitin ƙayyadaddun fassarar harshe)
* 
```latex
\setfarsi
```
 (saitin ƙayyadaddun fassarar harshe)
* 
```latex
\setuighur
```
 (saitin ƙayyadaddun fassarar harshe)
* 
```latex
\set
```
 ... (ƙarin ƙa'idodin harshe, duba takaddun)
* 
```latex
\novocalize
```
 (ana iya nuna alamar wasali ɗaya ta amfani da "a, "i, "u)
* 
```latex
\vocalize
```
 (ana iya soke alamun wasali ɗaya ta amfani da "a, "i, "u)
* 
```latex
\fullvocalize
```
 (ana iya soke alamun wasali ɗaya ta amfani da "a, "i, "u)
* 
```latex
\setcode{ }
```
 (canza shigar da bayanan shigar)
* 
```latex
\settrans{ }
```
 (canza al'adun fassara)

## Teburin hali

## Manazarta

* ArabTeX kunshin shafi
* Takardun (pdf)
* [ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/arabtex/arabtex.htm Zazzagewa]
Alamomin Rumi na lambobi

**Alamun Rum**i Tushe ne na Unicode mai ɗauke da haruffan lamba da aka yi amfani da su a cikin Fez, Maroko, da sauran wurare a Arewacin Afirka da yankin Iberian, tsakanin ƙarni na goma da sha bakwai. [1]

## Tarihi
Takaddun da ke da alaƙa da Unicode masu zuwa suna yin rikodin manufa da tsari na ayyana takamaiman haruffa a cikin toshe Lambobin Rumi:

## Manazarta
Ibn Quzman

Abu Bakr Muhammad bn Isa Abd al-Malik bn Isa bn Quzman al-Zuhri (Larabci: أبو بكر محمد بن عيسى بن عبدالملك بن عيسى بن قزمان الزهري; 1087–1160) ya kasance mafi shahara a tarihi kuma shi ne mafi shahara a tarihi. ana kuma la'akari da shi a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi asali. Ɗaya daga cikin sifofin waƙarsa shi ne "Satire, verging a kan licentious, nufin masana addini."] Ya yi matukar sha'awar "Magabacinsa" Abu Nuwas.

## Rayuwa
An haife shi kuma ya mutu a Cordoba a lokacin mulkin Almoravids, ga dangin yiwuwar asalin Gothic, yayin da a cewar wasu malamai ya fito ne daga dangin Larabawa. kamar yadda sunansa ya nuna kuma daga gaskiyar cewa ya bayyana kansa a matsayin mai launin gashi da idanu masu launin shudi a cikin yawancin jakarsa .    Bayan ya jagoranci salon rayuwa mai kama da na troubadours,  ya yi tafiya zuwa Seville, Granada da Jaén,  ya zama imam na masallaci zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarsa.  

## ''Diwan''

Waƙoƙi 149 ne kawai daga *Diwan* na Ibn Quzman suka bayyana a cikin wani rubutun hannu a Saint Petersburg, wanda shine batun sanarwa da aka buga a 1881. An buga wani fitowar facsimile mai taken Le Divan d'Ibn Guzman a 1896 a Berlin ta Baron David von Günzburg . 

Yawancin waƙoƙin da suka wanzu sune zajals, nau'in da ya sami sunansa  wanda ke nunawa da yarensu na magana, da kuma tsarin da aka saba da shi: aaab cccb dddb, inda b ke maimaitawa tare da maimaitawa na layi ɗaya ko biyu.  Kamar yadda James T. Monroe ya lura

## Manazarta
Larabci na Aljeriya

Algeria Larabci (Larabci: الدارج> الجزائي Silgia: An ba shi ADDIJIJA Al-Jazā'iriyya. Yana cikin yar karar likitan likitanci kuma galibi yellan yaren Tunisco da Morocco. [Darja (الدارجة) yana nufin 'yau da kullun / yarukan yau da kullun'.

Kamar sauran nau'ikan Maghrebi Larabci, Larabci na Aljeriya yana da mafi yawan ƙamus na Semitic. Ya ƙunshi tasiri Berber, Punic, da na Afirka Romance  kuma yana da wasu kalmomin aro daga Faransanci, Andalusi Larabci, Ottoman Turkish da Mutanen Espanya. Kalmomin aro na Berber suna wakiltar 8% zuwa 9% na ƙamus.

## Amfani da shi
Larabci na Aljeriya yare ne na asali na 75% zuwa 80% na Aljerians kuma 85% zuwa 100% na su ne suka mallake shi. Harshen magana ne da ake amfani da shi a cikin sadarwa da nishaɗi na yau da kullun, yayin da aka tanada Larabci na zamani (MSA) don amfani da hukuma da ilimi. Kamar yadda yake a sauran kasashen Larabawa, an bayyana wannan yanayin harshe a matsayin diglossia: MSA shine harshen farko da babu wanda ya samu; ana koya shi ta hanyar koyarwa ta al'ada maimakon watsawa daga iyaye zuwa yaro.

## Harsuna
Rarraba yaruka a Aljeriya ya zama da wahala musamman saboda yanayin Aljeriya, yana ba da damar aljihun masu magana da aka ware su samar, da kuma haɗakar yaruka a cikin birane, ƙirƙirar "koine" ga kowane birni.

Koyaya, har yanzu ana iya raba yarukan Larabci zuwa ƙungiyoyi biyu daban-daban: yarukan pre-Hilalian da Hilalian.

### Harsunan Hilalian
Harsunan Hilalian na Aljeriya suna cikin kungiyoyi uku na harsuna: 

* Yaren Hilal na Gabas: ya haɗa da manyan ƙungiyoyi uku: Setif-Batna, Mila-Skikda (ya haɗa da Constantine), da Annaba-Tébessa-Biskra . 
* Yaren Hilal na tsakiya: na tsakiya da kudancin Aljeriya, sun haɗa da rukuni biyu: Chlef-Medea da Tipaza-Boumerdès (ya haɗa da Algiers). 
* *h* Mâqil: ana magana da su a yammacin Oranais (an san su da wakilin namiji na uku na h, misali,  (*Na gan shi*), wanda zai zama  a wasu yaruka). 

## Fasahar sauti

## Manazarta
Rubutun Dumat al-Jandal

Rubutun Dumat al-Jandal (wanda kuma aka sani da rubutun Dūmat al Ğandal ko DaJ144PAr1 ) rubutun kirista na Larabci ne da aka rubuta a cikin rubutun Paleo-Larabci, kuma an gano shi a rukunin Larabawa na Dumat al-Jandal . An sassaƙa shi a tsakiyar hagu na wani dutse mai yashi, sama da rubutun Larabci na Nabataean an sami ɗan ƙasa kaɗan. Dutsen ya kuma ƙunshi zane-zane na raƙuma mata huɗu, da raƙumi ɗaya, da kuma wata adu. [1]

An fara buga shi a cikin 2017 tare da rubutun larabci na Nabataean goma sha bakwai. 

## Kwanan wata
Wannan rubutun ya kasance a shekara ta 548/9 AD bisa kalandar Gregorian (ko da yake an ba da kwanan wata a matsayin 443 a cikin rubutun bisa kalandar Bostran wanda shekararsa ta farko ta yi daidai da shekarar da aka kafa lardin Larabawa na Romawa Petraea ), wanda ya zama rubutun paleo-Larabci na farko daga arewa maso yammacin Larabawa wanda za a iya kwatanta shi a karni na shida zuwa karni na shida. 

## Siffofin Kirista
Kamar yadda yake tare da sauran rubuce-rubucen kirista na Paleo-Larabci, ma'anar allahntaka *ʾl-ʾlh*, sannan furcin Kiristanci,  ana amfani da shi don nufin Allah.  Wataƙila Kiristoci sun ci gaba da yin amfani da wannan sigar da ba ta da yarjejeniya a matsayin isomorphism na kalmar Helenanci *ho theos*, wato yadda aka fassara Ibrananci *ʾĕlōhîm* a cikin Septuagint .  Rubutun ya ƙunshi rubutun giciye, kamar a cikin wasu rubutun Hima Paleo-Larabci . Bugu da ƙari, ta yi amfani da dabarar "Allah ya tuna" ( *ḏkara al-Ilah* ). Wasu rubutun Paleo-Larabci guda biyu waɗanda ke amfani da wannan dabara sun haɗa da rubutun Zabad da rubutun Yazid . 

## Sanya suna / abu
An kuma sanya wa rubutun suna a matsayin DaJ144PAr1: 

## Manazarta
Kitab al-'Ayn

**Kitāb al-'Ayn** ( Arabic ) shine ƙamus na farko na harshen Larabci kuma ɗaya daga cikin sanannun ƙamus na kowane harshe. [1] [2] [3] [4] al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi ne ya hada shi a karni na takwas . Harafin ayn ( ع ) sunan ƙamus ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin harafi mafi zurfi a cikin haruffan Larabci. Bugu da kari kalmar ayn tana dauke da ma'anar 'madogarar ruwa a cikin jeji'. Lakabinsa na “tushen” yana kuma nuni da sha’awar marubucin game da ilimin ƙamus da kuma gano ma’anar kalmomi zuwa asalinsu na Larabci.

Al-Farahidi, wanda ya kasance daga Makarantar Basra, ya zaɓi wani sabon tsari wanda ba ya bin tsarin haruffa da aka saba a yau a matsayin daidaitaccen tsarin ƙamus. Al-Farahidi ya ƙirƙiro tsarin sauti da ke bin tsarin lafazin haruffan Larabci. Bisa ga wannan tsarin tsari yana farawa da mafi zurfin harafi a cikin makogwaro, harafin  ( ayin ), kuma ya ƙare da harafin ƙarshe da lebe ke furtawa, wato  ( mun ).   Saboda matsayin ayin a matsayin harafi na ciki da ke fitowa daga makogwaro, ya kalli asalinsa a cikin makogwaro a matsayin alamar cewa ita ce sautin farko, sauti mai mahimmanci, murya da wakilcin kai. 

An yi imanin ainihin kwafin rubutun al-Farahidi ya rayu har zuwa ƙarni na sha huɗu lokacin da alama ya ɓace. Duk da haka kwafin kwafin da masanin ƙamus na al-Andalus Abu Bakr al-Zubaydi (d. 989) ya yi, yana yawo a can a ƙarni na goma. 

## Abubuwan da ke ciki
Al-Farahidi ya gabatar da ƙamus tare da zayyana na sautin larabci.  Tsarin da ya ɗauka don ƙamus ya ƙunshi littattafai ashirin da shida, littafi na kowane harafi, tare da haruffa masu rauni a hade a matsayin littafi guda; Adadin surori na kowane littafi ya yi daidai da adadin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi,  tare da raunin radicals da aka jera a ƙarshe. Bisa ga wannan tsarin tushen ana bi da anagrammatically, kuma duk yiwu anagrams na m shirye-shirye bayar.   Gabatarwa zuwa juzu'i na 1 yana ƙunshe da ƙa'idodin sauti na tsarin tushen Larabci, inda aka rarraba baƙaƙe bisa ga kaddarorin sauti, batu na magana, da halayen rarraba gama gari.  Manufar ba ita ce samar da cikakkiyar ƙamus na harshen Larabci ba, a'a, ƙamus na tushen tsarin daga wanda ya fadada ƙamus na harshen Larabci, kusan marar iyaka.   

Ƙungiyoyin Al-Farahidi masu baƙaƙen baƙaƙen baƙaƙe ne bisa ga halayensu: 

## Hanya
Al-Farahidi ya yi ƙoƙari ya ba da hujjar ƙamus na ƙamus a cikin *al-Ayn*, a sarari yana nufin lissafin tsari da haɗuwa don ƙididdige duk kalmomi a cikin Larabci.  A bisa ka'idar al-Farahidi, abin da aka sani da harshen Larabci shi ne kawai sautin murya na dukan harshe mai yiwuwa. Al-Farahidi ya lissafta nau'ikan tushen tushen da tsarin r to r da 1 r n = r! ( n r ) tare da n kasancewar adadin haruffa a cikin haruffan Semitic. Ka'idar Al-Farahidi da lissafinsa yanzu ana samunsu a cikin rubuce-rubucen mafi yawan ma'abuta kamus. 

## Manazarta
Palaeo-Arabic

**Paleo-Larabci** (ko Palaeo-Larabci, wanda a baya ake kiransa da larabci kafin zuwan musulunci ko kuma tsohon Larabci [1] [1] ) rubutun jahiliyya ne da ake amfani da shi wajen rubuta Larabci . An fara amfani da shi a karni na biyar, lokacin da ya gaji rubutun Nabataeo-Larabci na farko, kuma ana amfani da shi har zuwa farkon karni na bakwai, lokacin da aka daidaita rubutun Larabci a zamanin Musulunci. [1] [1] [1]

Shaida don amfani da Paleo-Larabci an taɓa keɓance shi a Siriya da Jordan . A cikin 'yan shekarun nan , An gano rubutun Paleo-Larabci a ko'ina cikin yankin Larabawa da suka haɗa da: Kudancin Larabawa ( rubutun Hima na Kirista ),  kusa da Taif a cikin Hejaz  da kuma a yankin Tabuk na arewa maso yammacin Saudi Arabia . 

Yawancin rubutun Paleo-Larabci Kiristoci ne suka rubuta, kamar yadda aka nuna ta ƙamus, sunan marubucin sa hannu, ko ta rubutun / zane na giciye da ke hade da rubutun. 

Kalmar "Paleo-Larabci" Kirista Robin ne ya fara amfani da shi a cikin sigar kalmar Faransanci "paléo-arabe". 

## Rabewa
Paleo-Larabci yana nufin rubutun Larabci a cikin ƙarni kafin daidaita Larabci da aka yi a zamanin Musulunci. Kamar yadda Ahmad Al-Jallad da Hythem Sidky suka ce, ana iya bambanta Paleo-Larabci daga rubutun da ke faruwa a bayan lokaci ta hanyar wasu siffofi na al’ada da suka hada da: 

* Wawation (Ƙarin wani abu mai kama da  (و) zuwa ƙarshen sunaye) 
* Amfani da Arameograms, watau burbushin harshen Aramaic na kalmomin Larabci kamar su Aramaic *br* don Larabci *bn* ('ɗan') ko Aramaic *<nowiki/>'nh* don Larabci *<nowiki/>' na* ('I; ni')
* Rashin *ʾalifi* ( ا ) don wakiltar dogon *ā*
* Harafin sauti na lokaci-lokaci na tabbataccen labarin, watau rubutun ido na *al* (ال) don daidaita haruffan rana maimakon riƙe  .
* Yin amfani da dige-dige lokaci-lokaci don bambance *dal* (د) daga *rē* (ر) azaman relic daga rubutun Syriac

## Nau'o'i
Sanannun rubuce-rubucen Paleo-Larabci sun shiga ɗaya daga cikin rukuni uku: 

* sauƙaƙan sa hannu ba tare da maganganun ikirari ba
* kiraye-kirayen tauhidi
* musamman rubutun Kirista

Don haka suna nuni da irin rinjayen da aka samu ta hanyar yaduwar tauhidi a Jahiliyyah daga karni na hudu zuwa na shida a zamanin jahiliyya. 

## Kalmomi

### Allah
Rubutun Paleo-Larabci galibi suna nufin "Allah" a matsayin *al-ʾilāh* ko kuma ta hanyar bambance-bambancen *iliminsa*, kodayake kalmar *Rabb* don "Ubangiji" kuma ya bayyana kamar yadda ake gani a cikin rubutun Abd Shams, rubutun Jabal Dabub, da rubutun Ri al-Zallalah . 

### Dabarun gabatarwa
Rubutun Paleo-Larabci na yanzu yana tabbatar da waɗannan dabarun gabatarwa: 

## Kalanda
Rubuce-rubucen Paleo-Larabci da yawa, gami da rubutun Jebel Usays da rubutun Hima Paleo-Larabci yawanci abubuwan da suka faru a zamanin Bostran, wanda farkonsu yayi daidai da shekara ta 106 a kalandar Gregorian . Koyaya, aƙalla ɗaya, rubutun Zabad (wanda aka sani daga Siriya) yana amfani da zamanin Seleucid .

## Jerin rubutun Paleo-Larabci
An ba da jerin sanannun rubutun Paleo-Larabci da rubuce-rubuce na yanzu a cikin tebur da rafi na takarda da Ahmad Al-Jallad da Hythem Sidky suka rubuta tare. 

## Manazarta

### ambato
Rubutun Yazid

**Rubutun Yazid** wani dutsen Paleo-Larabci na Kirista na farko da aka sassaƙa daga yankin as-Samrunīyyāt, 12. km kudu maso gabas da Qasr Burqu' a arewa maso gabashin Jordan .

An gano shi ta hanyar masu rubutun wasiƙa na Jordan a lokacin farkon lokacin aikin binciken kayan tarihi da al'adu na El-Khḍerī kuma an buga shi a cikin 2017. Ya ƙunshi kalmomi huɗu kawai da giciye na Kirista . Musamman ma, ya ambaci wani mutum da aka fi sani da "Yazid sarki" ( *yzydw ʾl-mlk* ), wanda aka fi sani da shugaban Umayyawa Yazid I. 

## Rubutu
Tafsirin da fassara mai zuwa ya fito ne daga bugu na 2017 na rubutun Yazid. **Tafsiri**

 1. † *dkr al-ʾlh*

 2. *yydw ʾl-mlk*

 **Fassara**

 1. Allah Ya kiyaye

 2. Yazid *-w* sarki

## Asalin Yazid
Asalin wannan mutumi mai suna Yazid a cikin rubutun a bude yake don yin tawili, musamman idan aka yi la’akari da yanayin rubutun da bai dade ba. Na farko, kalmar *mlk* ( *malik* ) a rubuce-rubuce daga wannan zamani ba lallai ba ne ta nuna wani sarki da ya yi sarauta bisa ƙayyadadden yanki. Misali, rubutun Jebel Usay ya shafi laƙabin al-Harith ibn Jabalah, sarkin Ghassanid, mai yiwuwa dangane da laƙabin sarautar da Sarkin Rumawa Justinian I ya ba shi na sarauta. Idan wannan adadi da aka ambata a cikin rubutun ya yi daidai da ɗaya daga sanannun maɓuɓɓuka, yana iya nufin Yazid ɗan al-ʾAswad (wanda shi kaɗai ne daga asalin larabci na gargajiya da sunan Yazid da ke da alaƙa da Ghassanid), Yazid ɗan Qays the Ḥujrid (wanda Photios I na Konstantinoful ya ambata), ko kuma *Bibliośīd* ɗan Yazid da aka ambata a littafinsa. (wanda aka ambata a ƙarshen rubutun Sabaic CIH 541 a matsayin adadi da sarkin larabawa Abraha ya naɗa). Daga zamanin Musulunci, yana iya komawa ga shugaban Banu Umayyawa Yazid I,  ra'ayin da ake ta kara rikowa,      da alaka da kasancewar kiristoci Larabawa a cikin sojojin Musulunci na farko. 

## Ilimin harshe
Ƙididdigar da ta bayyana a cikin rubutun, *dkr ʾl-ʾlh* ("Allah ya kiyaye" ko "Allah ya tuna"), ana kuma samuwa a cikin rubutun Zabad da DaJ144PAr.  Abun *dkr*, da roƙon Allah a tuna da su-da-haka, ƙila Larabci ne na magana da aka saba a rubutun Nabataean, *dkyr* ("ana iya tunawa da haka"). 

Rubutun Yazid ya raba wasu ƴan abubuwan da suka shafi harshe tare da rubutun Abd Shams. 

Rubutun Yazid ɗaya ne daga cikin rubuce-rubucen zamanin Musulunci guda biyu waɗanda ke riƙe da aikin wawa, wanda a da ya yaɗu a cikin Larabci na jahiliyya, tare da PERF 558 (22 AH / 643 CE). 

## Duba kuma

* Rubutun Namara
* Yazid I

## Manazarta

### ambato
Umm al-Jimal Rubutun Paleo-Arabic

**Rubutun Umm al-Jimāl** (ko Rubutun Umm al-Ǧimāl ) rubutu ne na Paleo-Larabci wanda bai ƙare ba daga Umm al-Jimal a yankin Hauran na Jordan . [1] Yana kan ginshiƙan tushe na shingen basalt a arewacin ɓangaren "Coci biyu" (wanda masu tono suna suna) a wurin Umm al-Jimal kuma an rufe shi da wani ɓangaren da filasta lokacin ganowa. [2]

Bajamushen gabas Enno Littmann ne ya gano wannan rubutun kafin zuwan Musulunci a lokacin balaguron binciken kayan tarihi na Jami'ar Princeton zuwa Siriya . An sanar da gano wannan abu a shekara ta 1909, amma sai a shekara ta 1929 aka buga bugu na rubutu mai fassara da sharhi.  A cikin 1949, Littmann ya buga fassimile a cikin aikinsa *Publications na Jami'ar Princeton Archaeological Expeditions zuwa Siriya a 1904-1905 da 1909* .  A cikin 1980s, Geraldine King ya sake gano rubutun kuma ya dauki hoto, amma rubutun yana da wuyar karantawa daga hoton. 

## Rubutu
Aƙalla fassarar fassarar guda biyu da aka buga da fassarar rubutun an buga su cikin shekaru, ciki har da ta Enno Littmann da James Bellamy.  Kamar yadda dutsen da aka rubuta a kansa yake rami kuma bai dace da rubutu ba, akwai wahala wajen karanta rubutun kuma wasu suna ganin ba za a iya karɓar cikakken cikakken karatu ba har sai an buga sabbin hotuna.  **Fassarar Jamusanci ta Littmann 1929**

 1. Allah, [gewähre] Verzeihung (Hilfe) dem ʾUlai,

 2. dem Sohne des Ubaida, dem Schreiber

 3. von al Hulaid (al-Habīr), des Vornehmsten der Banū

 4. Amr. Betet für ihn, [o] wer

 5. sl !

 **Littmann ta 1949 da aka gyara fassarar Turanci**

 1. Allah Ka gafartawa Ulaih.

 2. dan Ubaid, sakatare

 3. na al-Ubaid, shugaban Banu

 4. Amr! Yana iya samun sani ga wanda

 5. karanta shi!

 **Fassarar Bellamy ta 1988**

 1. brzh ’qdʾ l ’lyh

 2. br 'bydh k'tb

 3. ʾljnyd ʾʿly tʾny

 4. Mu'minin

 5. ymshh

 **Fassarar murya ta Bellamy ta 1988**

 1. barrazahu ‘ukadda’u li-Ulayh

 2. bar 'Ubaydah, ka'tibi

 3. ’l-junaydi ‘a’lā ta’ni

 4. ‘Ammani ‘utiha ‘atha mman

 5. yiʾamṣiḥhu

 **Fassarar Bellamy 1988**

 1. Abokan aikin ʾUlayh ne suka kafa wannan (rubutu).

 2. dan Ubaidah, sakatare

 3. na kungiyar Augusta Secunda

 4. Philadelphiana; iya ya haukace wa

 5. shafe shi

## Duba kuma

* Rubutun Hima Paleo-Larabci
* Dumat al-Jandal inscription

## Manazarta
Rubutun Umm Burayrah

**Rubutun Umm Burayrah** (wanda aka fi sani da sunan Abd Shams ) rubutu ne na Paleo-Larabci da aka gano a lardin Tabuk na arewa maso yammacin Saudiyya . Daga cikin rubutun Paleo-Larabci yana ƙunshe da wata dabara ta musamman na kira, addu'ar gafara, da kuma sunan mutum Abd Shams (Abd Šams). Muhammed Abdul Nayeem ne ya dauki hotonsa kuma ya buga shi a shekara ta 2000, [1] kuma kwanan nan masanin ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi Saleh al-Hwaiti ya sake gyara shi. [2]

Kodayake ba a sami kwanan wata akan rubutun ba, shawara ɗaya ta sanya shi a ƙarshen karni na shida ko farkon karni na bakwai. 

## Rubutu
Fassara mai zuwa da fassarar ta fito daga bugu na 2023 na rubutun. Ana iya raba rubutun zuwa sassa uku: dabarar buɗewa, karin magana ta sirri "I" ( *anā* ) da sunan sirri, da dabarar rufewa. **Fassara mai sauti**

 bi-smika Allāhumma anā ʿAbd Šams br al-Muġīrah, yastaġfir Rabbahu

 **Fassara**

 Da sunanka, Allah, ni, ‘Abd Šams, ɗan al-Muġīrah, ina neman gafarar Ubangijina.

## mai yiwuwa tauhidi
Lallai rubutun na tauhidi ne, yana kira zuwa ga *ʾistiġfar* (neman gafara) ba tare da an tabbatar da shi ba a cikin rubuce-rubucen da suka gabata da kuma amfani da *rabb* a matsayin laƙabi ga Ubangiji Allah. Hakanan ana samun amfani da *laƙabi* ga Allah ɗaya tauhidi a cikin wasu rubuce-rubucen Paleo-Larabci guda biyu: rubutun Jabal Dabub da rubutun Ri al-Zallalah . Rubutun a bayyane yake na tauhidi ne amma babu wata shaida ta kasancewarsa Kiristanci, kamar yadda rashin alamar kirista (kamar giciye) yayi magana akan kasancewarsa Kiristanci kuma babu wata shaida akan kasancewarsa Bayahude. 

## Abd Shams
Ko da yake sunan ʿAbd Šams ya shahara a Larabawa kafin zuwan Musulunci, wani mutum mai suna Abd Šams wanda ɗan wani mutum ne mai suna al-Muġīrah ba shi da yawa, kodayake majiyoyi biyu na zamanin Musulunci sun kwatanta wani mutum da wannan suna da kuma asalinsu daga ƙabilar Kuraishawa : (1) ʿAbd Šams, ɗan ’Abd Manīf, ɗan Abd Manīf, da ɗan Abd Manīf, 2. Šams, ɗan al- Muġīrah, ɗan Abd Allāh, ɗan Umar, ɗan Maḫzum. Daga cikin biyun, na karshen shine wanda ake so ga Abd Shams na rubutun kamar yadda ya kasance a zamanin Muhammadu . Hakanan yana yiwuwa cewa adadi a cikin rubutun ba a tantance shi a wani wuri ba a tarihin tarihi. 

## Ilimin harshe
Rubutun ya ƙunshi sigar murya *Aḷḷāhumma* ‏اللهم har da *lam* . Wannan kuma an san shi daga wani rubutu: FaS 4a. 

## Duba kuma

* Umm al-Jimal Rubutun Paleo-Larabci
* Jebel Usay rubutu

## Manazarta
Yaren Fessi

**Yaren Fessi** ( Moroccan Arabic ) yare ne na harshen Larabci na Moroko, ko kuma Darija, wanda ke da alaƙa da birnin Fes, musamman tare da tsofaffin iyalai na birnin. [1]

Ana la'akari da shi pre-Hilalian kuma wasu daga cikin siffofi masu ban sha'awa na phonological sune lafazin *rāʾ* ( ر ) a matsayin kusantar postalveolar ( kamar lafazin Amurka na / ɹ/ a cikin kalmar "ja") maimakon trilled [r] da  ( ق ko, al'ada, ڧ ) a matsayin murya mara ƙarfi maimakon glotalized . murya mai sautin murya ([ g ]).

Yaren Fessi a al'ada ana ɗaukar yare mai daraja a kan sauran nau'ikan Darija na Moroccan, a matsayin aikin tarihin zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙin masu magana da shi.

## Tarihi
Kamar sauran yarukan Moroccan na birni, ana ɗaukarsa pre-Hilalian .  'Pre-Hilalian' a cikin wannan mahallin yana nufin yarukan da aka yi imani da cewa sun fito daga Larabci da ake magana da su a yankin kafin zuwan Banu Hilal da Banu Ma'qil kabilun da suka fara a karni na 12. Bayan wannan taron, yarukan "Hilalian" sun zama masu rinjaye a yankunan karkara na tsakiyar Maroko kuma su ne babban bangaren larabci na Moroccan a yau.  

Saboda sauye-sauyen zamantakewa da na al'umma da suka fara a karni na 20 kamar yawan hijirar ƙauyuka zuwa cikin birni da kuma tafiyar mafi yawan tsofaffin manyan biranen birnin zuwa Casablanca, fasalin harshe na gargajiya ba su da rinjaye a cikin jawaban masu magana da larabci a Fes a yau.   

### Yaren Fessi na Yahudawa
Al'ummar Yahudawa a Fes, kafin tafiyar mafi yawan Yahudawa mazauna birnin a rabi na biyu na karni na 20, su ma suna magana da yaren Larabci mai kama da sauran mutanen birnin.  

## Siffofin harshe

### Fassarar sauti
A al'adance tana da siffofi na harshe na musamman, waɗanda yawancinsu an raba su da sauran yarukan kafin Hilaliya a yankin:  akan matakin phonological, waɗannan sun haɗa da amfani da stereotypical na postalveolar kimanin (kamar lafazin Amurka na /ɹ/ a cikin kalmar "ja") a wurin da aka yi trilled [r] don / ر /, ko tasha glottal pharyngealized ko murya mara sauti a wurin murya ( ق d / plosive ). 

### Morphosyntax
A matakin morphosyntactic, bambance-bambancen jinsi a cikin karin magana da jujjuyawar fi'ili an warware shi a cikin mutum na biyu. 

### Siffofin zamantakewa
Yaren Fessi a al'adance ana ɗaukar yare mai daraja akan sauran nau'ikan Darija na Moroccan - musamman waɗanda ake gani a matsayin ƙauye ko *<nowiki/>'arūbi* (  "na Larabawa karkara") - saboda "haɗin kai da ikon zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da rinjaye wanda masu magana da shi ke jin dadi a matakin kasa," a cikin kalmomin Mohammed Errihani .  

## Manazarta
John Martin Crawford

John Martin Crawford (29 Maris, 1962 – 16 Disamba, 2020) wani mai kisan gilla ne ɗan ƙasar Kanada. An yanke wa Crawford hukunci kan kashe mata huɗu a Saskatchewan da Alberta, tsakanin shekarar 1981 da 1992.

## Farkon rayuwa
An haife shi a Steinbach, Manitoba ga uwa guda ɗaya a shekarar 1961. Uwarsa ta sake aure a 1964 kuma dangin suka koma Vancouver, British Columbia, inda aka haifi ƙanwarsa bayan komawar. Crawford ya yi ta fama tun ƙuruciya; ya fara yawan guduwa daga gida yana da shekaru uku, a aji na farko malamarsa ta ce shi “wawa” ne, sannan ya kasa cin jarabawar aji ɗaya har aka maimaita shi. Bai taso a cikin ingantacciyar gida ba domin iyayensa suna da jarabar caca, kuma sabon mijin uwarsa mai shan giya ne. Crawford kansa ya fara lalacewa da miyagun abubuwa tun yana da shekaru 12 lokacin da ya fara hura mannewa. Yayin da ya girma matashi, ya fara amfani da wasu ƙwayoyi kamar tabar wiwi, LSD, naman kaza masu sa maye da sauran magungunan da ake ba da su da takardar likita

## laifi
A shekarar 1981 an yanke wa Crawford hukuncin shekaru goma a kurkuku saboda kashe Mary Jane Serloin a Lethbridge, Alberta, lamarin da aka ɗauka a matsayin kisa ba da gangan ba. An sake shi daga kurkuku a 1989.

Yayin da yake ƙarƙashin sa-idon ’yan sanda, Crawford ya yi wa Theresa Kematch fyade,[3] ita kuma aka kama, amma ba a kama Crawford ba.

A watan Oktoban 1994, wani maharbi ya ci karo da gawar wasu mata a cikin dazuzzuka masu kauri a wajen garin Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.[4][5] A 1996, an yanke wa Crawford hukuncin laifi ɗaya na kisan kai na farko da kuma laifuka biyu na kisan kai na biyu saboda kisan mata uku ’yan asalin ƙasar (Indigenous) da suka haɗa da Eva Taysup, Shelley Napope, da Calinda Waterhen a 1992.[6] An yanke masa hukuncin rayuwa uku a lokaci guda.

## Al’adu da suka shahara
An tattauna batun Crawford a cikin littafin Warren Goulding mai suna *Just Another Indian, A Serial Killer and Canada's Indifference*, wanda sakonsa shi ne cewa laifukan da ake aikata wa mutane masu rauni a gefen al’umma ba sa samun kulawa daga al’umma gaba ɗaya. An gabatar da ra’ayin cewa kafafen yaɗa labarai sun rage darajar batun Crawford ne saboda waɗanda ya kashe mata ne ’yan asalin ƙasar (Aboriginal).

## Mutuwa
Crawford ya rasu a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2020, yayin da yake tsare yana yin hukuncinsa a Cibiyar Likitancin Hauka ta Yanki da ke Saskatoon. Ba a bayyana abin da ya haddasa mutuwarsa ba.

## Manazarta
Selim Baki

**Selim Baki** (Arabic), marubucin Aljeriya kuma marubuci, an haife shi a Aljeriya a 1971 kuma ya girma a Annaba, arewa maso gabashin Aljeriya.  Selim Baki ya koma Paris don nazarin adabi a shekarar 1997, bayan ya kwashe shekara guda a Paris a shekarar 1995. Yanzu yana aiki kuma yana zaune a Paris, ya yi ritaya zuwa Kwalejin Faransanci a Roma a shekara ta 2005.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi marubucin Selim Baki a Aljeriya a 1971 kuma ya girma a Annaba, arewa maso gabashin Aljeriya. Selim Baki ya yi karatun adabi a Jami'ar Sorbonne da ke Paris a shekarar 1997, kuma ya rubuta littafinsa na farko, "Ulysses' Dog" a shekara ta 2001, wanda masu sukar suka karɓa sosai kuma ya lashe kyautar "Grand Prix du roman" don adabin Faransanci. Ya yi ritaya daga Kwalejin Faransanci a Roma a 2005 kuma yanzu yana aiki kuma yana zaune a Paris. Ya zama marubuci mafi ƙwarewa a Aljeriya, yana rubutu game da tarihin Aljeriya na yaƙe-yaƙe da mulkin mallaka. Littattafansa biyu na farko sun kasance wani ɓangare na jerin litattafan da suka danganci wani birni mai suna "Cirtha" (Arabic: sirtha). Bayan ya kwashe shekara guda a Roma, littafinsa na uku, "Kill Them All" (Arabic), ya kasance canji a cikin hanyarsa na zabar jigogi masu zurfi da zafi, yana magana game da tsoro da kisan kai. Littafinsa "Muhammad's silence" (Arabic), an buga shi a watan Satumbar 2008 kuma an zaba shi don kyaututtuka uku na "Grand Prix du roman". Selim Baki ya yi tafiya a ko'ina cikin Turai da Morocco don canza ra'ayi na jama'a game da wallafe-wallafen, yana ba da laccoci ga ɗalibai, masu karatu, da jami'o'i. Ya yi ritaya daga Kwalejin Faransanci a Roma a 2005 kuma yanzu yana aiki kuma yana zaune a Paris. Gidan wallafe-wallafen Gallimard ya buga litattafansa 5 waɗanda masu sukar suka karɓa, kuma Selim Baki ya buga tarin gajerun labaru mai taken "Bad Life" a Aljeriya, wanda ya lashe lambobin yabo biyu na "Grand Prix du roman" da kuma tallafin karatu na "Prince Pierre".

## Kyaututtuka

** Kyautar "Grand Prix du roman" don Kwarewar Littattafai, 2001.
** "Grand Prix du roman"awards for Literary Profession, 2008001.

## Manazarta
Hamid Tibouchi

**Hamid Tibouchi** (Arabic) ɗan Aljeriya ne kuma mawaki, an haife shi a 1951 Tibane, kusa da Bejaia a yankin Kabylie . Ya fara zane yana da shekaru goma kuma ya fara rubutu a shekarar 1966. Ya yi karatu a makarantar sakandare a Kouba kuma ya zama aboki na Taher Djaout, kuma ya koyar da Turanci na ɗan lokaci kusa da Algiers.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Ya shiga rubuce-rubucen waka, kuma ya buga matani na farko a 1971 a Aljeriya, Faransa da Tunisia.

Daga nan sai ya wallafa litattafai da yawa da tarin da suka sanya shi daya daga cikin masu gabatarwa na shayari na Faransa kamar yadda Jean Sénac ya bayyana. An fassara waƙoƙinsa zuwa Mutanen Espanya da Italiyanci kuma ana koyar da yawancin waƙoƙin sa a cikin litattafan Aljeriya. Taher Djaout ya bayyana shi a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin mawaƙa masu tsananin gaske da kuma masu haɗari na ƙarni" a shekarar 1984. Hamid ya yi waka da zane a lokaci guda, kuma ya yi imanin cewa waka da zane abu ne guda.

Tun daga 1980 Tibouchi ya nuna aikinsa a Aljeriya da Tunisiya, kuma ya zauna a Paris a 1981. Ya kammala karatu daga Faculty of Visual Arts na Jami'ar Paris VIII . Daga nan sai ya gudanar da nune-nunen kansa kusan 20 a Paris, Spain da New York. Ya kuma shiga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka faru a Faransa, Turai da duniyar Larabawa, tare da manyan abubuwan da ke nuna fasahar Aljeriya ta zamani. Ya shiga cikin Salon des Réalités Nouvelles a 1984,  a cikin sashen zane, kuma daga 1988 zuwa 1997 a cikin sashin zane 

## Manazarta
Yammacin Aljeriya

**Yammacin [[Aljeriya]]** Larabci (wanda aka fi sani da **Larabci na Arewa maso Yammacin Aljeriya**, Larabci Oran ko Larabci Oranian; a cikin Larabci: الوهرانية, romanized: al-wahrāniya) ci gaba ne na yaren Aljeriya na Larabci, galibi ana magana da shi a Oran, Aljeriya . 

Yaren yankin yammacin Larabci ne na Aljeriya, na dangin Larabci na Maghrebi, kuma alama ce ta Berber da Mutanen Espanya. Hakanan yana da ƙamus mai wadata wanda ya saba da shi kamar Maltese da Larabci na Tunisiya. Ya zama sananne a waje da Aljeriya, musamman godiya ga kiɗa na gargajiya na Aljeriya Raï tun daga shekarun 1980

## Manazarta
Youcef Zirem

**Youcef Zirem** (Arabic) marubuci ne na Aljeriya, mai fafutuka kuma ɗan jarida . 

## Ayyuka
Youcef Zirem da sauransu a kan wallafe-wallafen Al-Bayt a Aljeriya sun buga wani tarihin gajerun labaru a Faransanci kuma marubucin Aljeriya, ɗan jarida, kuma mai fassara Said Khatibi ya fassara shi zuwa Larabci. Yana da alaƙa da littafin "The Absence Orbit, Selections from the Algerian Story". Littafin ne wanda Youcef ya ba da gudummawa tare da Ali Malik, Sufyan Al-Hajjaj, Safia Ketou, Abdul Hakim chaalal, Abdulrahman Zakkar, Hamid Ali Bouassida, Leïla Sebbar, Laila Hamutan, Salim Yasin, Habib Ayyoub, Rachid Mimouni, da Chawki Amari, inda kowannensu ya ƙware wajen rubuta dogon labari ko sakin layi daga littafin.

Jarida Youcef ta wallafa littafi na biyu, mai taken "Hanyar zuwa rashin mutuwa" (Arabic: tariq alkhulud). A cikin wannan labari, Youssef ya yi ƙoƙari ya kusanci saitin matsaloli masu tsanani na zamantakewa da cikas waɗanda zasu rage burin mata na Aljeriya.

## Ra'ayoyi
Youcef ya yi imanin cewa yunkurin Aljeriya ya yi nasara, duk da gaskiyar cewa mulkin soja ya wanzu a wannan lokacin, ya bayyana a cikin wani shafi da jaridar (le matin dz) ta buga, "The Movement, wannan yunkurin zanga-zangar lumana, shekaru biyu bayan ya fara, har yanzu yana nan, duk da matsalar kiwon lafiya da kuma zalunci na mulkin soja na Aljeriya... Wannan motsi ya yi aiki ne saboda ya fallasa wa duk duniya yanayin mulkin Aljeriya: mulkin kama-karya na soja. "

Youcef ya kuma yi imanin cewa zanga-zangar Aljeriya ita ce karo na farko da Aljeriya suka yi mafarki tare, ba tare da wani tilastawa ba, 'yanci, dimokuradiyya, adalci na zamantakewa, da mutunci, yana mai nuna cewa motsi ya haɗa da masu gwagwarmaya daga dukkan koguna: 'yan dimokuradiya, Islama,' yan kasa, masu jari-hujja, 'yan gurguzu da sauransu. s.

## Manazarta
Yaren mutanen Andalusi

Larabci na Andalusi ko Larabci na Andalusi (Larabci: اللهجة العربية الأندلسية, romanized: al-lahja al-ʿarabiyya al-ʾandalusiyya) wani iri-iri ne na Larabci[ƙananan-alpha] wanda ake magana da shi tun daga karni na 8 zuwa na 15 a yankin Al-Andalus na yankin Iberian na musulmi, yankin Peninsula na Musulmi. 

Larabci ya bazu a hankali a cikin ƙarni na mulkin musulmi a Iberia, da farko ta hanyar juyawa zuwa Islama, kodayake Kiristoci da Yahudawa sun koyi kuma suna magana da shi. Larabci ya zama harshen gudanarwa kuma shine harshen farko na wallafe-wallafen da aka samar a al-Andalus; yaren Andalusi ya bambanta tsakanin yaren Larabci na zamani saboda an yi amfani da shi a cikin shayari, a cikin *Zajal* da *Kharjas* na *muwaššaḥāt* .

Larabci a cikin al-Andalus ya wanzu da yawa a cikin halin da ake ciki na wauta-linkid="108" href="./Multilingualism" id="mwKQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Multilingualism">Harsuna biyu tare da Andalusi Romance (wanda aka fi sani da *Mozarabic*) har zuwa karni na 13. Larabci a cikin Iberia kuma an nuna shi ta hanyar diglossia: ban da daidaitattun rubuce-rubucen Larabci, ana iya raba nau'ikan magana zuwa birane, ilimin ilimi da kuma rajistar talakawa marasa galihu.

## Tarihi

### Asalin
Nasarar Musulmi a Spain a cikin shekara ta 711, kimanin ƙarni guda bayan mutuwar Muhammadu, ta haɗa da 'yan dubban kabilun Larabawa  da kuma adadi mafi girma na Amazigh da aka raba su da Arabiya, da yawa daga cikinsu suna magana kadan ko babu Larabci.  A cewar Consuelo López-Morillas, "wannan jama'a sun shuka tsaba na abin da zai girma cikin asalin Andalusi Larabci".

Ba kamar Cin nasarar Visigothic na Hispania ba, ta hanyar da Latin ya kasance mafi rinjaye, cin nasarar Musulmi ta kawo harshe wanda shine "motar al'ada mafi girma, wayewar ilimi da wallafe-wallafen". 

### Yaduwa

A cikin ƙarni, Larabci ya bazu a hankali a cikin al-Andalus, da farko ta hanyar juyowa zuwa Islama. Yayinda Alvarus na Cordoba ya koka a karni na 9 cewa Kiristoci ba sa amfani da Latin, Richard Bulliet ya kiyasta cewa kashi 50% ne kawai na yawan mutanen al-Andalus suka tuba zuwa Islama ta hanyar mutuwar Abd al-Rahman III a cikin 961, kuma kashi 80% ta hanyar 1100. A kusan 1260, an rage yankunan musulmai a Iberia zuwa Masarautar Granada, inda fiye da 90% na yawan jama'a suka tuba zuwa Islama kuma Larabci-Romance bilingualism da alama sun ɓace.

## manazarta
Falasdinawa na zamani na Yahudawa da Larabawa

**Yahuda-Larabci na zamani na Falasdinu** (MPJA) iri-iri ne na Falasdinawa da na Morocco Yishuv ke magana a cikin Ottoman da Falasdinu na wajibi, kuma a halin yanzu ta wasu Yahudawa Isra'ila a Isra'ila.

Kusan masu magana 10,000 sun taɓa magana a cikin ƙarni na 20.  A yau ya kusan ƙarewa da masu magana guda 5 kawai suka rage a Galili .

Ana danganta raguwar MPJA ga farfaɗowar Ibrananci da yaɗuwar Ibrananci na zamani tsakanin Yishuv . 

## Tarihi

### Asalin
Bayan hukuncin Al-Hambra bayan kammala Reconquista a Iberia, Yahudawan Sephardi sun fara isa Palestine Ottoman a karni na 16, inda suka zauna musamman a biranen Kudus hudu masu tsarki, Hebron, Safed, da Tiberias . A tsawon lokaci, MPJA ta samo asali daga ƙungiyar yarukan Yahudawa na Maghrebi da yarukan Larabci na Falasɗinawa . Baya ga al'ummomin yahudawa na Ottoman Palestine, Yahudawa da yawa na garuruwan Lebanon na bakin teku, waɗanda suke da dangantaka mai ƙarfi da su, sun ɗauki nau'in MPJA. [1]

### Tarihin Zamani
Mai yiwuwa, adadin masu magana da MPJA a kashi na farko na uku na ƙarni na 20 ya kai dubu da dama kuma mai yiwuwa fiye da dubu goma a mafi girmansa. Koyaya, yayin da Ibrananci ya zama babban yaren Yishuv, kuma daga baya, ƙasar Isra'ila, ƙungiyar magana ta ƙi sosai. Adadin masu magana da MPJA (na Galili da na Urushalima) a ƙarshen ƙarni na 20 har yanzu sun fi ɗari ɗari.  Duk da haka, tun daga 2016, akwai kawai masu magana guda 5 da aka kiyasta za su kasance a cikin Galili.

## Yaruka
MPJA ta kasu kashi biyu ne bisa inda aka yi magana: MPJA na Galili da Jerusalem MPJA. Galilean yana da yare biyu a cikin garuruwan Safed da Tiberias . 

## Lexicon
Kamus na MPJA ya ƙunshi tasiri da yawa daga asalinsa na Maghrebi da Ibrananci, Ladino, da kalmomin lamuni na Aramaic don yawancin sharuɗɗan Yahudawa na musamman. Tun daga 1936 yayin da Ibrananci ya zama mafi girma a cikin Tsohon Yishuv, kalmomin lamuni na Ibrananci sun zama mafi yawa kuma tsofaffin kalmomin lamuni na Ibrananci suna komawa cikin lafazin Ibrananci na asali. A shekara ta 1948 kalmomin lamuni na Ibrananci sun koma gaba ɗaya kuma lamunin Ibrananci ya zama ruwan dare. 

## Manazarta
Harsunan Hilalian

**Harsunan Hilalian** (Arabic) ci gaba ne na yarukan Larabci na Maghreb, waɗanda aka gabatar a lokacin mamayewar Hilalian tsakanin ƙarni na 11 da 12, da kuma ƙaurawar kabilun Larabawa Hilalian zuwa Yammacin Maghreb. Wadannan yarukan sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen fitowar yarukan Masar da Maghrebi. Ƙabilun Bani Hilal sun zauna a yankin Casablanca-Settat a Maroko, sassan Libya, tsakiyar Aljeriya, da Tunisiya.

## Magana
Kalmar yarukan Hilalian tana nufin Banu Hilal, ƙungiyar kabilun Larabawa da suka mamaye Arewacin Afirka a ƙarni na goma sha ɗaya. An rubuta labarin a cikin wani waka mai suna Sirat Bani Hilal . Wani sanannen mutum wanda ya yi yaƙi da kabilun Berber na Zenata da Sanhaja kuma ya tabbatar da 'yancin kai na kabilun Hawazin shine Abu Zayd al-Hilali .

Tare da yarukan Larabci na pre-Hilalian, sun zama mafi girma Maghrebi Larabci iyali. Harsunan Hilalian suna da kamanceceniya da yaren Gulf Arabic, tunda dukansu sun samo asali ne daga yaren Larabawa na kabilanci.

## Iri-iri da rarraba
Ana samun yarukan Hilalian a duk faɗin Arewacin Afirka, daga filayen yammacin Maroko da hamadar Mauritanci zuwa yammacin Masar, gami da Libya, Hautes-Plaines na Algeria da bakin teku, da Tunisiya.

Duk da haka, akwai yankuna da yawa na yarukan Larabci na Pre-Hilalian a wannan yanki, gami da tsoffin biranen da ke magana da yaren birane (kamar Fez, Rabat, Tetuan, Salé, Casablanca, Tlemcen, Constantine, Tunis) da manyan yarukan karkara guda huɗu da ke magana a yankuna da kuma yankuna da dama na Berber.

Larabci na Hilalian yana da manyan iri shida: 

## Manazarta
El Houma

**Lhouma kalma ce da ake amfani da ita a Arewacin Afirka, don komawa ga unguwa / kwata wanda ke da alaƙa mai ƙarfi tsakanin mazauna da sararin da suke zaune da kuma yin rayuwarsu ta yau da kullun.**.

Lhouma ta kasance a tsakiyar nazarin ilimin zamantakewa da yawa, saboda muhimmancinsa wajen tsarawa da nuna salon rayuwar 'yan Aljeriya Ya yi daidai da ra'ayoyin zamani na al'umma mai ɗorewa da maƙwabta mai ɗorewar zamantakewa waɗanda suka dogara da ayyukan zamantakewa da al'adu na gida. Samfurin zamantakewa ne wanda aka bayyana ta hanyar rayuwa, wasa da zamantakewa a cikin wani wuri da aka gina, wanda hakan ke tattara mazauna yankin a kusa da asalin kowa na kasancewa cikin wannan yankin rayuwa.

Saboda haka, ba a amfani da Lhouma don komawa ga kowane yanki na al'ada ko yankin rayuwa wanda ke da gidaje kawai ga mutane, amma yana nuna wani yanki na birni wanda yawan amfani da sararin samaniya ke fitowa da babban matsayi na haɗin zamantakewa, hadin kai, amincewa, dangantaka ta zamantakewa, wuri da kuma zama.

## Magana
Kalmar Houma takamaiman ce ga Maghribi Larabci kuma ana amfani da ita ne kawai a cikin Maghreb. "El" shine ainihin labarin Larabci daidai da "the" a cikin Turanci, yayin da, kalmar "Houma" ta samo asali ne daga kalmar Larabci 'HA-WA-MA' ma'anar mahalli; kewayon zagaye a cikin filin hangen nesa. Har ila yau, yana nufin kwata, wani sashi na birni, babban jiki, babban ɓangare, yawan yanki.

Mazaunan Aljeriya suna amfani da kalmar 'El Houma' don komawa ga yankin da suke zaune; ana furta kalmar daban-daban a duk faɗin ƙasar, ana sanar da ita ta hanyar harshen kowane yanki. A Algiers, mazauna suna furta shi 'Houma' ko 'Hûma'  wanda shine mafi yawan furta, kuma ana iya samun kalmomin biyu a cikin rubuce-rubucen rubuce-daban wanda ya samo asali daga zamanin Ottoman, yayin da, mutane a gabashin da yammacin Algeria, suna furta sa 'Hawma'.

## Manazarta
Jebli Larabci

**Jebli** (Jebelia) yare ne na Larabci kafin Hilalian da ake magana a tsaunuka na arewa maso yammacin Morocco . 

Ci gaban tarihi na wannan yaren Maroko ba a bayyane yake ba. 

Kalmar jebli tana nufin "na / daga dutse". An fi magana da shi a yammacin Rif ta kabilun Sherifian, Berber da Morisco a cikin ƙarni goma da suka gabata  

## Misalan Jebli

## Dubi kuma

* Iri-iri na Larabci
* Yaren Larabci na Pre-Hilalian
* Maghrebi Larabci
* Jijel Larabci

## Manazarta