Ranar 'Yancin Kai ta (Najeriya)

**Ranar samun ƴancin kai** ita ce ranar ‘yancin kai na shekara-shekara a Najeriya da ake bikin ranar 1 ga watan Oktoba domin tunawa da ƙasar da ta samu ‘yancin kai daga kasar Ingila a shekarar 1960. Ana gudanar da bukukuwa a fadin ƙasar inda ake gudanar da bukukuwa na hukuma, da faretin soja, da baje kolin al’adu, da kuma taron jama’a. Asalin biki dai yana da nasaba ne da irin abubuwan da suka faru a tsarin mulkin Najeriya a ƙarƙashin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. Sauye-sauye a shekarun 1940 zuwa 1950 ya kara yawan shiga harkokin gwamnati a Afirka kuma ya taimaka wajen bunkasar ƙungiyoyin kishin ƙasa waɗanda suka hada da Nnamdi Azikiwe, Obafemi Awolowo, da Ahmadu Bello . Bayan zaɓen tarayya na shekarar 1959, gwamnatin haɗaka ƙarƙashin jagorancin Abubakar Tafawa Balewa ta shirya wa tarayyar kasar yancin kai. Da tsakar dare a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960, an saukar da Union Jack a Legas kuma aka maye gurbinsa da tutar Najeriya kore-fari-kore . Gimbiya Alexandra ta Kent, mai wakiltar Elizabeth II, ta gabatar da ka'idodin tsarin mulki na 'yancin kai, an rantsar da Azikiwe a matsayin Gwamna-Janar, kuma Balewa ya gabatar da jawabi na kasa. Shirye-shiryen bikin ƙaddamar da bikin ya hada da bukukuwan al'adu, liyafar hukuma, da ƙaddamar da sabbin ababen more rayuwa.

Tun bayan samun ƴancin kai, ranar ta kasance muhimmiyar rana a kalandar al’ummar Najeriya. Shugaban ya ba da jawabi na ƙasa, kuma gwamnatocin jihohi suna gudanar da fareti da al'adu. 'Yan Najeriya a kasashen waje kuma suna gudanar da bukukuwa a birane irin su New York City, London, da Toronto . Abokan hulda na ƙasa da ƙasa sukan fitar da sakonnin fatan alheri. Kade-kade, musamman highlife, da zane-zane na siyasa sun fito a cikin al'adun ranar 'yancin kai, yayin da wasu ƙungiyoyin jama'a sukan yi amfani da lokacin wajen gudanar da zanga-zanga ko nuna koke-koke. Taron ya shafi bikin tunawa da abubuwan da suka faru kamar soke bukukuwan da aka yi a 1992 bayan wani hatsarin jirgin saman Najeriya C-130, da kuma bikin cika shekaru hamsin na 2010 a Abuja sakamakon tashin bamabamai a kusa da dandalin Eagle Square . An amince da hutun bisa ka'ida a ƙarƙashin dokar Hutu ta Jama'a ta 1979, wacce ta ayyana ranar 1 ga Oktoba a matsayin ranar ƙasa ta Najeriya.

## Zamanin mulkin mallaka da hanyar samun ƴancin kai
A shekara ta 1914, Turawan mulkin mallaka sun hada yankunan Arewa da Kudu da yankin Legas, inda suka samar da sashin gudanarwa guda ɗaya.  canje na kundin tsarin mulki na tsakiyar ƙarni ya faɗaɗa shigar Najeriya cikin gwamnati: Tsarin Mulki na Richards na 1946 ya gabatar da majalisun yanki, sannan tsarin Macpherson na 1951 da Tsarin Tsarin Mulki na Lyttleton na 1954, wanda ya kafa tsarin tarayya.   Ƙungiyoyin kishin ƙasa sun haɓaka tare da waɗannan gyare-gyare. Farkon fafutukar da Herbert Macaulay yayi a Legas ya biyo bayan kungiyar matasan Najeriya a shekarun 1930.  Jam'iyyun siyasa ciki har da majalisar ƙasa ta Najeriya da Kamaru, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Nnamdi Azikiwe, da Action Group, karkashin jagorancin Obafemi Awolowo, sun bayyana muradun yankin yayin da suke matsa lamba don cin gashin kansu.   Bayan zaben tarayya na 1959, inda jam'iyyar People's Congress ta samu kaso mafi tsoka na kujeru, aka kafa gwamnatin hadaka tare da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa a matsayin firayim minista, wanda ya share fagen samun 'yancin kai a 1960.  

## Independence a 1960
A cikin shirye-shiryen samun ƴancin kai, gwamnatin tarayya ta kafa kwamitin bikin 'yancin kai karkashin jagorancin Ministan Kwadago da Harkokin Cikin Gida, JM Johnson, tare da wakilai daga dukkan yankuna na tarayya.  Kwamitin ya bayyana aikinsa a matsayin shirya "ranar mafi girma ya zuwa yanzu a tarihin wannan Tarayyar" kuma ta ware kasafin kudin £ 1.&nbsp;miliyan don kayan ado, bukukuwa, da baƙi. An umurci mai tsara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Biritaniya Beverley Pick don samar da zane-zane na gani akan fasahar gargajiyar Najeriya.  Har ila yau, shirye-shiryen sun haɗa da gina otal-otal da sabbin wurare a Legas don karbar bakuncin tawagogin ƙasashen waje da jaridun duniya. Jadawalin bukukuwan sun hada da Wasannin Afirka ta Yamma, tattoo na soja, wasan wuta, regatta na ruwa, da kuma taron ƙasa a gasar tseren tsere na Legas . 

An fara mika mulki ne jim kaɗan kafin tsakar dare a ranar 30 ga Satumban 1960 a filin wasan tsere na Legas, inda jama'a kusan 40,000 suka taru, aka sauke Union Jack aka daga sabuwar tutar Najeriya kore-fari-kore .  Gimbiya Alexandra ta Kent, mai wakiltar Elizabeth II, ta karanta sakon fatan alheri daga sarki tare da gabatar da kayan aikin yancin kai ga Firayim Minista Abubakar Tafawa Balewa a hukumance.  A wannan bukin, Gwamna-Janar mai barin gado Sir James Robertson ne ya rantsar da Nnamdi Azikiwe a matsayin Gwamna-Janar na farko na Najeriya.  A cikin watsa shirye-shiryensa na tsakar dare, Balewa ya yi kira da a hada kai, biyayya, da sadaukar da kai ga manufofin dimokuradiyya, yana mai bayyana bikin a matsayin abin da ya kawo ƙarshen ƙwarewar Najeriya ta mulkin mallaka da kuma farkon sabon zamanin ƙasa. 

Bikin ya samu halartar manyan baki na duniya da suka haɗa da mataimakin shugaban ƙasar Amurka Richard Nixon da sakataren mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya Iain Macleod da sakataren harkokin wajen kasar Selwyn Lloyd .   Tawagogi masu wakiltar Commonwealth, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da wasu sabbin 'yan cin gashin kai da dama na Afirka da Asiya sun kasance.  An tsawaita shagulgulan bikin mika ragamar mulki, tare da faretin soja, wasan wuta, regatta na ruwa, jerin gwano na makaranta, da kuma abubuwan tayar da tuta a fadin tarayya.  An kawata filin wasan tsere da tsakiyar Legas da tutoci da hasken wuta, kuma jama'a sun cika babban birnin domin bukukuwan. 

A ranar 1 ga Oktoban shekarar 1960, an shirya wasan kwallon kafa na ‘yancin kai da sauran abubuwan da suka faru a Legas a wani bangare na bikin ƙasa.  Victor Olaiya, wanda ya yi wa Elizabeth II a 1956, an zaɓi shi tare da Ƙungiyar Rawar Watsa Labarai ta Ƙasa (NBC) don samar da kiɗa a Ballan Jiha.   Zaɓin Olaiya ya haifar da rashin amincewa daga wasu ƙungiyoyin highlife, wanda ya haifar da zanga-zanga a majalisar wakilai a Onikan, Legas. Da yake mayar da martani, Balewa, ta hannun JM Johnson, ya ba da umarnin cewa wata ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa ta yi wasa tare da Olaiya.  Shirye-shiryen samun 'Yancin kai sun haɗa da yaƙin neman zaɓe ta amfani da rediyo, labarai, takaddun hannu, ɗaukar jaridu, da wasan kwaikwayo don haɓaka shirin.  Gwamnatin tarayya da na yanki sun gayyaci manyan ƙasashen waje, tare da ziyarce-ziyarce irin ta gimbiya Alexandra da aka rubuta a cikin tarihin yankin arewa. 

Waƙar Highlife ita ce babban nau'i a bukukuwan Ranar 'Yancin Kai, waɗanda ƙungiyoyin ɗorawa suka yi tun daga manyan ƙungiyoyin rawa zuwa ƙananan ƙungiyoyin guitar.  Mawaƙa na lokacin tare da Olaiya sun haɗa da Bobby Benson, Sammy Akpabot, Zeal Onyia, Rex Lawson, Eddie Okonta, da Roy Chicago .  Yawancin masu fasaha na rayuwa suna sarrafa wuraren shakatawa na dare, otal-otal, da kuma wani lokacin yin rikodi ko wuraren maimaitawa a shirye-shiryen bukukuwan.  Wasu makada sun zagaya kasashen duniya, kuma an ji raye-rayen Najeriya a wasu biranen Afirka ta Yamma .  Waƙoƙi daga 1950s da 1960 gabaɗaya ba su magance siyasa kai tsaye ba, maimakon haka suna ba da kiɗa don taron jama'a da abubuwan jama'a.  An ba da wasan kwaikwayo a cikin harsunan Najeriya da yawa da suka haɗa da Yarbanci, Igbo, Efik, Kalabari, Izon, da Edo da Turanci da Nigerian Pidgin .  A Arewa, ’yan wasa irin su Sarkin Taushin Katsina sun yi wakoki masu taken ‘yancin kai da aka watsa a gidan rediyon NBC Kaduna kuma suka koma Kano .  Bikin na jihar Kano ya haɗa da kananan-durbare, kawata doki, kakaki, da kade-kade.  'Yan wasan kaho Dawakin Tofa, bayan sun yi a Independence, daga bisani Majalisar Biritaniya ta ba su damar tafiya Ingila. Ayyukan maraice sun haɗa da nuna fina-finai da wasan kwaikwayo na fina-finai game da ilimi da lafiya.  ’Yan makaranta sun halarci atisaye, fareti, da wasanni a filin wasa na Kano Festival, inda suka samu kananan kyautuka kamar kofunan roba da balan-balan.  Wasu waƙoƙin da aka ƙirƙira don bikin an inganta su kuma ba a taɓa yin rikodin su ba; wannan ya ba da gudummawa ga taƙaitaccen tarihin "waƙoƙin 'yancin kai". 

A cikin shekarun 1950 zuwa 1960, zane-zanen zane-zane na edita a jaridu kamar *Pilot na Afirka ta Yamma* da *Daily Service* sun yi amfani da satire wajen yin tsokaci kan shirye-shiryen 'Yanci da alamun kasa. Wani zane mai ban dariya na 1960 mai taken "Maza su zo gida su yi fashewa!" ya nuna tafiyar hafsoshin Birtaniya na mulkin mallaka, ta yin amfani da "Karnel Hefford" a matsayin alama.  Wani kuma, "Tsarin Tufafi don Tunawa da Jagora!", yayi tsokaci game da yadda ake ɗaukar taken ƙasa wanda ba 'yan Najeriya ba. Hotunan zane-zanen siyasa sun kuma yi magana game da fafatawa a jam'iyya, kamar hadin gwiwa tsakanin jam'iyyar PDP ta Arewa da Majalisar Tarayyar Najeriya da Kamaru, da kuma nuna adawa da shugabannin siyasa kafin zaɓen 1959-1960. Sharhin zamantakewa ya haɗa da zane mai ban dariya game da matsalolin kuɗi da aka haifar da faffadan *aso ebi* na bukukuwan 'Yancin kai.  Matsaloli da yawa da aka buga a cikin 1965 sun yi gargaɗi game da rashin gamsuwa da jama'a kuma suna nuni ga rashin zaman lafiya na siyasa da ya biyo bayan juyin mulki da yaƙin basasa . Daga baya ayyuka sun nuna canza fassarar ranar tunawa; misali, wani zane mai ban dariya na 2003 ya nuna shugabanni suna murna a kusa da raunanan Najeriya. Yayin da zane-zanen zane-zane da farko suka kai ga masu sauraro masu karatu, ana iya samun damar kida a duk matakan karatu. 

Binciken da aka yi a Kano, bisa ga hirarraki da ƙungiyoyin mayar da hankali tare da tsofaffi, malamai, ma'aikatan gwamnati, da tsoffin ministoci a Doguwa, Dawakin Tofa, da Gwarzo, sun rubuta abubuwan tunawa na cikin gida na ranar yancin kai.  Bukukuwan sun hada da wakoki, durbars, da fareti, tare da nuna damuwa game da sauyin da aka samu bayan samun yancin kai, kamar fargabar mamayar kudanci a Arewa.  Wasu mazauna wurin sun nuna damuwa game da komawar ayyukan da hukumomin gargajiya suka yi, gami da haraji da sake dawo da aikin 'yan sanda na 'yan asalin ƙasar; Wasu daga cikin Fulanin sun ce sun yi la'akari da ƙaura idan tsari ya lalace.  Shugabannin siyasa a Kano sun yi amfani da wannan damar wajen tallata dandali na Northern Elements Progressive Union, wanda ke adawa da abubuwan da suka shafi  ('aristocracy') tsarin.  Asarar ajiyar kayan tarihi daga gobara da lalacewa sun bar tarihin baka da kayan tarihi masu tsira a matsayin mahimman hanyoyin sake gina abubuwan da suka faru. 

Al'ummar Najeriya a ƙasashen waje ma sun yi bikin. A Amurka, ɗalibai a Minnesota sun shirya ayyuka na mako guda, ciki har da wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, raye-raye a Coffman Memorial Union, da kuma cin abincin cin gashin kai a Minneapolis .

## Muhimmanci da kiyayewa
IjamaAna bikin ranar samun ƴancin kai a Najeriya tare da gudanar da bukukuwan hukuma, ayyukan al’adu, da kuma tarukan jama’a a faɗin ƙasar. Wani muhimmin bangare na shirin na ƙasa shi ne faretin soji na sojojin Najeriya, sannan kuma a yi bikin daga tutar kasar.  Shugaban Najeriya yana gabatar da jawabi na shekara-shekara, wanda yake amfani da shi don tattauna ƙalubalen ƙasa da kuma bayyana abubuwan da gwamnati ta sa gaba.  Misali, a lokacin koma bayan tattalin arziki na 2016, Shugaba Muhammadu Buhari ya amince da rashin aikin yi, hauhawar farashin kaya, da rashin tsaro, inda ya yi kira ga jama'a su jajirce.  Bukukuwan da aka yi a fadin Jihohi yawanci suna cika shagulgulan kasa tare da faretin faretin al'adu da nunin al'adu da ke jawo dimbin jama'a  .  

A yayin bikin cika shekaru 50, Farfesa Kabiru Mato, masani a jami’ar Abuja, ya kwatanta hasashen da ake yi a shekarar 1960 da al’amuran gudanar da mulki da samar da ababen more rayuwa, inda ya yi nuni da tazarar da ke tsakanin masu burin samun ‘yancin kai da kuma halin da ake ciki na mulki, da kuma rashin wutar lantarki.  Ya bayyana cewa "duk da cewa gwamnatin Najeriya na iya kashe sama da dala biliyan 20 zuwa dala biliyan 30 a cikin shekaru 12 da suka gabata tun farkon mulkin farar hula a 1999, don inganta wutar lantarki, yawancin kasar na cikin duhu".  A cikin shekaru 43 da 50, zane-zane na zane-zane da sharhin jama'a sau da yawa suna magana game da cin hanci da rashawa da kuma halin kirki.   A cikin 2024, zanga-zangar da aka gudanar a ranar 'yancin kai ta mayar da hankali kan yanayin tattalin arziki.   Muzaharar #FearlessIn Oktoba ta hada da rera wakoki irin su "ba yunwa" da " kawo karshen gwamnati mara kyau ," inda jami'an tsaro suka mayar da martani da hayaki mai sa hawaye da kuma yawan jibge a garuruwan da suka hada da Abuja da Legas.  Masu zanga-zangar sun yi nuni da hauhawar farashin kayan abinci, karin mafi karancin albashi na wata-wata daga naira 30,000 zuwa 70,000, da kuma faduwar darajar Naira sakamakon cire tallafin man fetur da kuma hadewar farashin canji .  Har ila yau, rahotanni sun yi nuni da tallafin agaji daga Bankin Duniya da sauran hukumomin kasa da ƙasa, ciki har da tarin tarin kimanin dala biliyan 6.52 da wani kaso dala biliyan 1.57 da aka fitar kwanan nan, a matsayin wani ɓangare na matakan tattalin arziƙi na gwamnati.  Masu shiryawa sun bambanta bukukuwan hukuma da batutuwa irin su yunwa, rashin aikin yi, da hauhawar farashin kaya.  

An kuma ware ranar samun ‘yancin kai a matsayin ranar hutu a ƙarƙashin dokar Hutu ta Jama’a ta shekarar 1979, wadda ta bayyana ranar 1 ga Oktoba a matsayin ranar kasa ta Najeriya.  Sashe na 2 na Dokar ya tanadi cewa za a kiyaye hutun jama'a "a matsayin ranar da ba ta da aiki" a cikin Tarayyar.  Dokar ta baiwa Shugaban ƙasa da Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida ikon ayyana karin hutu a matakin tarayya, yayin da gwamnonin jihohi za su iya yin hakan a cikin ikonsu.  Sashe na 5 na dokar ya nuna cewa idan hutu ya faɗi a ranar Asabar ko Lahadi, ba za a canza shi zuwa wata rana ba.  A aikace, duk da haka, gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya sun ayyana ranakun hutu; an soki wannan matakin da cewa ya saba wa dokar ƙasa.  Misali, a cikin 2017, Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida, Abdulrahman Dambazau, ya sanar da cewa Litinin, 2 ga Oktoba, za a yi hutun ranar 'yancin kai.  An yi irin wannan sanarwar a cikin 2023, lokacin da Minista Olubunmi Tunji-Ojo ya tabbatar da 2 ga Oktoba a matsayin ranar hutu a madadin gwamnatin tarayya.  An kalubalanci halaccin canja wurin kiyayewa ta wannan hanya a kotu; a shekarar 2016, wani lauya, Malcolm Omirhobo, ya shigar da kara yana mai cewa al’adar ta saba wa dokar. 

Haka kuma shugabannin ƙasashen duniya da suka saba aikewa da sakonnin fatan alheri sun yi bikin zagayowar ranar: a shekarar 1961, shugaban ƙasar Amurka John F. Kennedy ya mika sakon taya murna ga Gwamna Janar Nnamdi Azikiwe na murnar cika  a Najeriya, yayin da a shekarar 2023 Shugaba Joe Biden ya bayyana hadin gwiwa a fannin tsaro, bunkasar tattalin arziƙi, da gudanar da mulkin dimokradiyya.  A lokacin yakin cacar baka, bukukuwan tunawa da 'yancin kai sun zama damar yin ishara da diflomasiyya. A ranar 2 ga Oktoba, 1962, an yi bikin cika shekaru biyu a Moscow, tare da baje kolin tutocin Soviet da na Najeriya tare.  Firayim Minista Nikita Khrushchev da shugaban Leonid Brezhnev ne suka karanta sakon taya murna na haɗin gwiwa, sannan kuma jawabai daga ɗaliban Najeriya da ke karatu a jami'o'in Soviet karkashin yarjejeniyoyin ilimi na kasashen biyu.  Masu sharhi na Amirka da ke aiki da Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Tsakiya sun bayyana taron a matsayin alamar ƙoƙarin Soviet na gina tasiri a tsakanin sababbin ƙasashe na Afirka . 

Al'ummar Najeriya a ƙasashen waje ma sun gudanar da bikin tunawa da ranar. A { asar Amirka, {ungiyar ci gaban }asashen Nijeriya, ta shirya faretin ranar samun yancin kai, a duk shekara, a Birnin New York, tun daga 1991. An ci gaba da gudanar da faretin a Manhattan, abubuwan sun ha]a da jerin gwano, kaɗe-kaɗe, raye-raye, da abinci, da kuma wasannin al'adu. [ 46 ]   A cikin Burtaniya, an gudanar da jerin gwano da nune-nunen al'adu a kan hanyoyin tsakiyar birnin Landan, ciki har da filin Trafalgar, da Babban Hukumar Tarayyar Najeriya, da 10 Downing Street .  A Kanada, Lardin Manitoba ta amince da ranar 'yancin Najeriya a hukumance a cikin 2024, tare da bayar da gudummawar da 'yan Najeriya suka bayar ga lardin. 

## Katsewa da jayayya

A ranar 26 ga watan Satumban shekarar 1992 wani jirgin yakin rundunar sojin saman Najeriya C-130H Hercules (serial 911) ya fada cikin wani fadama jim kaɗan da tashinsa daga filin jirgin sama na Murtala Muhammed da ke Legas, lamarin da ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwar duk wanda ke cikin jirgin.   A cewar marubuci David Gero, mawallafin jirgin sama, 152 da suka mutu galibi sojoji ne - akasarinsu 'yan Najeriya ne, ciki har da ma'aikatan jirgin sama uku - tare da ma'aikatan Ghana, Tanzaniya, Zimbabwe, da Uganda, da fasinjojin farar hula hudu.   Bayan hadarin, Shugaba Ibrahim Babangida ya soke aikinsa na mako mai zuwa a matsayin jajantawa ga al'ummar sojoji.  

A ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban shekarar 2010 ne Najeriya ta cika shekaru 50 da samun 'yancin kai, wasu tagwayen hare-haren bam da aka kai a kusa da dandalin Eagle Square da ke Abuja, inda ake gudanar da bukukuwan a hukumance. Hare-haren sun kashe mutane goma sha biyu tare da jikkata talatin da shida.   Kungiyar Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) ta yi ikirarin daukar nauyi, duk da cewa ka'idojin kulla makirci da asusun cin karo da juna sun ruguza binciken da suka biyo baya.  Jami'an tsaro sun kama waɗanda ake zargi da suka haɗa da Charles Okah, dan uwa ga shugaban MEND da ake tsare da shi Henry Okah, yayin da shi kansa Henry aka gurfanar da shi a Afirka ta Kudu bisa zargin ta'addanci. 

## Bayanin bayani

## Duba kuma
 

* Ranar Dimokradiyya (Nijeriya)
* Ranar Tunawa Da Sojojin

## Manazarta

### ambato

### Sources
 

## Kara karantawa