João Guimarães Rosa

**João Guimarães Rosa** (/ˈʒwaʊn ɡiːməˈraɪnz/ ZHWOWN ghee-mə-RYNEZ;  [ʒuˈɐ̃w ɡimaˈɾɐ̃jz ˈʁɔzɐ, ˈʒwɐ̃w -]; 27 Yuni 1908 - 19 Nuwamba 1967) marubuci ne na Brazil, marubucin gajeren labari, mawaki kuma diflomasiyya.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Guimarães Rosa a Cordisburg a jihar Minas Gerais, ta farko cikin 'ya'ya shida na Florduardo Pinto Rosa (mai suna "seu Fulô") da Francisca Guimarãas Rosa ("Chiquitinha"). Ya koyar da kansa a wurare da yawa kuma ya yi nazarin harsuna da yawa tun yana yaro, ya fara da Faransanci kafin ya kai shekaru bakwai.

Yayinda yake yaro, ya koma gidan kakanninsa a Belo Horizonte, inda ya kammala makarantar firamare. Ya fara karatun sakandare a makarantar Santo Antônio da ke São João del-Rei, amma nan da nan ya koma Belo Horizonte, inda ya kammala karatu. A shekara ta 1925, yana da shekaru 16 kawai, ya shiga Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Tarayya ta Minas Gerais .

A ranar 27 ga Yuni, 1930, ya auri Lígia Cabral Penna, yarinya mai shekaru goma sha shida, tare da ita zai sami 'ya'ya mata biyu, Vilma da Agnes. A wannan shekarar, ya kammala karatu kuma ya fara aikin likita a Itaguara, inda ya zauna kusan shekaru biyu. A cikin wannan garin, Rosa ya fara hulɗa da abubuwa daga sertão. Tare da rushewar juyin juya halin kundin tsarin mulki na 1932, Guimarães Rosa ya yi aiki a matsayin likita mai sa kai na *Sojojin Jama'a* (Força Pública) yana kan hanyar zuwa abin da ake kira Tunel sector a Passa-Quatro, Minas Gerais, inda ya sadu da shugaban kasar Juscelino Kubitschek na gaba, a wannan lokacin babban likita na Asibitin Jinin (Hospital de Sangue). Daga baya, ya zama ma'aikacin gwamnati ta hanyar jarrabawa. A 1933, ya tafi Barbacena a matsayin Doctor na 9th Infantry Battalion. Rosa daga baya ya tuna cewa abubuwan da suka faru daga lokacin da yake likita da soja sun kasance masu mahimmanci ga iliminsa a matsayin marubuci.

## Ayyuka

### ''Sagarana''
Kodayake Guimarães Rosa ya fara rubutu tare da shayari, marubucin ya bar kawai kundin ayoyinsa, "Magma", kuma an buga shi ne kawai bayan mutuwarsa. Hakanan, Rosa ta fara bin aikin wallafe-wallafen ta hanyar rubuta tarin gajerun litattafai goma sha biyu a cikin gasa, a cikin 1938, wanda mai daraja a lokacin Graciliano Ramos ya jagoranci juriyarsa. Tsohon marubucin ya hana shi kyautar farko. Ramos da kansa daga baya ya bayyana yadda ya rage darajar rubuce-rubucen farko na aikin da aka sani da *Sagarana:* duk da baiwar marubucin da kyawawan abubuwan da ke tattare da tarin, ya yi tunanin cewa ingancin labarun da kuma yawanci tsinkaye masu tsawo sun haifar da aikin da ba shi da ma'ana kuma bai manyanta ba. Guimarães Rosa ya sake nazarin aikinsa sosai, har sai a ƙarshe ya yi la'akari da shi a shirye don bugawa kawai a 1946.

A cikin tsufa, wanda ya riga ya zama sananne a *Sagarana*, salon Rosa ya bambanta da na Ramos. Bayanan ta ƙarshe, maganganun bushewa sun bambanta da ƙarancin cikakkun bayanai da ingancin harshe na baya, masu wadata da ƙamus da kasada a cikin binciken da yake yi game da ƙamus na Harshen Portuguese, halaye da Ramos da kansa zai ba da su a matsayin manyan kyawawan halaye na ɗan'uwansa. 

"Sagarana" kalma ce ta portmanteau da aka kirkira daga ƙungiyar "saga" (homonym a cikin Portuguese don saga) da "rana" (Tupi don "a cikin hanyar"), don haka ana fassara shi a matsayin " (Labari) a cikin hanyar almara". Littafin ya ƙunshi gajerun litattafai tara, uku ƙasa da asalin da aka gabatar don gasar shekaru takwas da suka gabata. Dukkanin wadannan suna samun saitin su a cikin sertão kuma kusan duk suna kewaye da adadi na jagunço, wani adadi mai kama da mercenary wanda ke aiki a matsayin 'yan bindiga ga manoma kuma yana tabbatar da tsari a cikin Yankunan Brazil. Rosa, duk da haka, za ta kirkiro wannan hanyar rayuwa ta haramtacciyar hanyar rayuwa zuwa wani nau'in yanayin rayuwa wanda gwargwadon ƙarfin zuciya da bangaskiya sune ƙarfin motsa jiki guda biyu na rayuwa. Antonio Candido ya danganta wannan magani ga ra'ayi na jagunço wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar sarakuna na zamani da dabi'un su.

## Manazarta