Lorraine Bethel

**Lorraine Bethel** mawakiya ce kuma marubuciya a Afirka.

## Kwarewar sana'a
Bethel ta kammala karatu a Jami'ar Yale .  Ta koyar kuma ta ba da lacca game da wallafe-wallafen mata baƙar fata da al'adun mata baƙar rawa a cibiyoyi daban-daban. A halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin 'ɗan jarida mai zaman kansa a Birnin New York .

## Haɗin kai tare da Kogin Combahee
Bethel ta shiga cikin Combahee River Collective, ƙungiyar da ta kasance wani ɓangare na Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Mata a cikin shekarun 1960 da 1970. Kungiyar ta kasance ƙungiyar mata baƙar fata da aka kafa a Boston a shekara ta 1974. Ya yi yaƙi da launin fata, jima'i, jima'in jinsi, ra'ayi na launin fata da zalunci na aji.

## Rubuce-rubucen mata
A cikin wani fitowar da aka yi a baya, wata mujallar labarai ta mata, wani mai halarta ya ba da labarin kwarewarta a taron marubutan mata na duniya na 3 a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 1979 a Cibiyar Mata ta Birnin New York, inda Lorraine Bethel da Barbara Smith suka gudanar da daya daga cikin bita biyar da ake da su. A cikin bita, wanda ake kira "Third World Feminist Criticism", Bethel da Smith sun tattauna batutuwa daban-daban kamar ma'anar "rashin hankali", zargi a matsayin fasaha "mai kirkirar", fararen mata da baƙar fata, mata masu tsinkaye, da kuma hadin kan baƙar fata.

Daga baya a wannan shekarar, a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1979, Bethel da Smith sun shirya "The Black Women's Issue" na Conditions: Five, mujallar adabi da farko ga mata masu baƙar fata. A cikin gabatarwa, an bayyana cewa fitowar "ta tabbatar da 'rashin wanzuwar' marubuta Black feminist da Black lesbian kuma ta kalubalanci har abada rashin ganuwarmu, musamman a cikin jaridar mata. "  Bethel ya rubuta waka "Me kuke nufi Mu, White Girl? Ko, The Cullud Lesbian Feminist Declaration of Independence", wanda aka buga a cikin wannan fitowar.

Rubutun Bethel, ""The Infinity of Conscious Pain": Zora Neale Hurston and the Black Female Literary Tradition", ya bayyana a cikin littafin All of the Women Are White, All of the Blacks Are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave: Black Women's Studies .  Da yake ganowa a cikin wannan rubutun a matsayin mai sukar mata na baki, ta rubuta, "...Na yi imanin cewa akwai wata al'ada ta musamman da za a iya ganewa ta mata marubuta, a lokaci guda da ke cikin Amurka, Afirka ta Amirka, da al'adun adabin mata na Amurka. "

## Jerin wallafe-wallafen

* Bethel, Lorraine & Barbara Smith (eds.) Yanayi (mujallar): Biyar 2, No. 2: The Black Women's Issue (Autumn 1979)  
* "Mene ne Ma'anar 'Muna', White Girl? Ko, Cullud Lesbian Feminist Declaration of Independence (An sadaukar da shi ga Shirin cewa Duk Mata Ba Daidai ba, watau, Daidai / Ƙaddamarwa) ", waka da aka buga a Bethel & Smith (eds, 1979), shafuffuka na 86-92.&nbsp;
* "'Wannan rashin iyaka na ciwo mai hankali': Zora Neale Hurston da Black Female Literary Tradition". A cikin Hull, Gloria T., Smith, Barbara da Scott, Patricia Bell (ed.), Amma Wasu daga cikin Mu suna da ƙarfin zuciya: Dukkanin Mata White ne, Dukkanin Baƙi maza ne: Nazarin Mata Black. Jaridar Mata, 1986.  

## Ƙarin karatu

* ISIS. "Labari a cikin Yin. "Abubuwanmu na Bayani Afrilu 30 1979: 20. ProQuest. Yanar gizo. 22 ga Mayu 2016.
* McDowell, Deborah E. Black American Literature Forum 16.2 (1982): 77-79. Yanar gizo.
* Philyaw, Deesha. "Yanayi: Biyar" Bitch Media, 5 ga Mayu 2009. Yanar gizo. 21 ga Mayu 2016.

## Manazarta