David Lindley (mai kiɗa)

**David Perry Lindley** (Maris 21, 1944 - Maris 3, 2023) mawakin Amurka ne wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar mawakan rock El Rayo-X kuma ya yi aiki tare da wasu mawakan da yawa ciki har da Jackson Browne, Linda Ronstadt, Ry Cooder, Bonnie Raitt, Warren Zevon, Curtis Mayfield da Dolly Parton . Ya ƙware a fannoni daban-daban na kayan kida har mujallar *Acoustic Guitar* ta kira shi ba mai amfani da kayan kida da yawa ba, a maimakon haka a matsayin "mai amfani da kayan kida da yawa." 

Yawancin kayan kida da Lindley ya buga su ne kayan kida masu kida, ciki har da violin, guitar mai sauti da lantarki, bass mai tsaye da lantarki, banjo, mandolin, dobro, hardingfele, bouzouki, cittern, bağlama, gumbus, charango, cümbüş, oud da zither . An bayyana shi a matsayin "ƙwararren guitar mai kama da ta lap steel " a fagen kiɗan rock, [1] [2] kuma ƙwararre ne a cikin waƙoƙin zamiya na guitar mai salon Hawaii.

Lindley memba ne na waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar psychedelic band Kaleidoscope na shekarun 1960 kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan kiɗa ga wasu mawakan yawon buɗe ido.  Wani lokaci yana yin kida da kuma shirya waƙa don fim. 

## Rayuwar farko da aiki
An haifi David Perry Lindley a San Marino, California, ga Margaret ( née Wells ) da John Royal Young Lindley (ɗan'uwan jaruma Loretta Young ) a ranar 21 ga Maris, 1944.   Lokacin da Lindley yake girma a Los Angeles, mahaifinsa yana da tarin waƙoƙin rpm 78 waɗanda suka haɗa da waƙoƙin gargajiya na Koriya da na Indiya, da kuma mawakan gita na gargajiya na Sipaniya Andrés Segovia da Carlos Montoya .   Lindley ya ɗauki goge yana ɗan shekara uku, kuma ya ci gaba da yin hakan duk da karya gadar da ta yi rauni. Daga nan ya koma ukulele na baritone a farkon shekarunsa.  Daga baya ya koyi banjo. Lokacin da yake matashi, ya lashe gasar Topanga Banjo•Fiddle sau biyar.  

Ya buga banjo tare da ƙungiyar Dry City Scat Band wadda ta haɗa da Chris Darrow, mai kunna kayan kida da yawa, da kuma Richard Greene a kan fiddle.  Lindley da abokan aikinsa sun yi burin yin koyi da mawaƙin gargajiya Mike Seeger mai hazaka da yawa. 

Lindley ya fara zuwa wurin wakokin gargajiya na yankin Los Angeles a shekarun 1960, musamman yana zuwa ƙungiyar Ash Grove, amma kuma yana halartar Troubador a Yammacin Hollywood, inda ya haɗu da nau'ikan kiɗa iri-iri ciki har da flamenco, wakokin gargajiya na Rasha, da kuma wakokin sitar na Indiya.  A Ash Grove, Lindley ya raba ra'ayoyi da mawakan yankin kamar Ry Cooder da Chris Hillman .  Lindley ya ƙulla alaƙa ta musamman da Cooder; su biyun suna da ƙaunar "waƙoƙin ban mamaki", kuma dukansu sun juya daga waƙar manyan kamfanoni don mai da hankali kan karin magana da ba su shahara ba kamar waƙar gargajiya da ta duniya .   A Ash Grove, Lindley ya koyi daga masu waƙar blues da mawakan gargajiya hanyar "da ta dace" don yin wasu salo, kuma ya koyi hanyoyin gogewa daga tauraron gida Don "Sugarcane" Harris .  

Daga 1966 zuwa 1970, Lindley ya kasance memba na kafa ƙungiyar psychedelic Kaleidoscope wadda ta fitar da kundin waƙoƙi guda huɗu a Epic Records a wannan lokacin.  Bayan rabuwar Kaleidoscope, Lindley ya tafi Ingila ya buga wasa a ƙungiyar Terry Reid na tsawon shekaru biyu. A 1972, ya yi aiki tare da Jackson Browne, yana wasa a ƙungiyarsa har zuwa 1980 da kuma wani lokacin bayan haka. A shekarun 1970, ya kuma yi rangadin aiki a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Crosby - Nash, Linda Ronstadt da James Taylor .

A shekarar 1981, Lindley ya kafa ƙungiyarsa ta musamman, El Rayo-X . Jackson Browne ya samar da kundin waƙoƙinsu na farko. Wasan ƙarshe na ƙungiyar shine Disamba 31, 1989. Bayan haka, Lindley ya yi rangadin aiki a matsayin mai fasaha shi kaɗai, da farko tare da Hani Naser tare da ganguna na hannu, sannan tare da mai buga reggae Wally Ingram . Ya kuma yi wasa a zaman studio da yawa. Tsakanin aikinsa a ɗakin studio a matsayin mawaƙin zaman taro ko kuma a yawon shakatawa a matsayin ɗan wasa ko shugaban ƙungiyar mawaƙa, Lindley ya koyi sabbin kayan kida. Ya shahara da rubuta waƙar da ta ɗaukaka wata alama ta robar roba, "Ram-a-Lamb-a-Man," daga kundin waƙarsa *Win This Record!*   Kafofin watsa labarai sau da yawa suna yin tsokaci game da tufafinsa masu launi na polyester,  tare da bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin wando da riga, wanda hakan ya sa aka yi masa laƙabi da Prince of Polyester. 

## Yi aiki tare da sauran masu fasaha

An san Lindley da aikinsa a matsayin mawaƙin zaman. Ya ba da gudummawa ga shekaru da yawa na rikodin da kuma wasan kwaikwayo kai tsaye na Jackson Browne, kuma ya goyi bayan Warren Zevon, Linda Ronstadt, Curtis Mayfield, James Taylor, David Crosby, Graham Nash, Terry Reid, Dolly Parton, Bob Dylan, Bruce Springsteen, Toto, Rod Stewart, Joe Walsh da Dan Fogelberg . Ya yi aiki tare da abokan aikinsa na guitar Ry Cooder, Henry Kaiser da GE Smith .  Mawaki Ben Harper ya yaba wa salon gitar slide na Lindley a matsayin babban tasiri ga wasansa, kuma, a cikin 2006, Lindley ya zauna a cikin kundin Harper *Both Sides of the Gun* .

An san shi a cikin al'ummar guitar saboda amfani da kayan kida masu "araha" da ake sayarwa a shagunan Sears kuma an yi shi ne don masu son kiɗa. Ya yi amfani da waɗannan don sautunan musamman da suke samarwa, musamman tare da zamewa. A farkon shekarun 1990, ya yi rangadin ya yi rikodi tare da Hani Naser yana ƙara kayan kida masu kaɗawa a cikin wasansa na kaɗaici, da kuma kundin kayan kida da ya yi amfani da su a cikin aikinsa na zaman. Lindley ya kuma yi rangadin yawo sosai kuma ya yi rikodi tare da mai kidan reggae Wally Ingram .

Ana iya jin muryar Lindley a cikin sigar " Stay " wadda Jackson Browne ya rera. Sigar Browne ci gaba ce ta "The Load Out", kuma ana rera waƙar ta da sautin murya mai girma. Browne ne ya fara rera waƙar "Oh will not you stay, kawai ɗan lokaci kaɗan", sannan Rosemary Butler, sannan Lindley a cikin falsetto. 

Lindley ta haɗu da Jackson Browne don yawon shakatawa a Spain a shekara ta 2006. *Love Is Strange: En Vivo Con Tino*, wani rikodin CD mai faifai biyu daga wannan rangadin, an fitar da shi a May 11, 2010, tare da Browne da Lindley suna yawon shakatawa tare tun daga watan Yuni na wannan shekarar.  Sun yi wasa tare a bikin Glastonbury a shekara ta 2010,  kuma sun lashe kyautar kiɗa mai zaman kanta don mafi kyawun kundin wasan kwaikwayo na kai tsaye a shekara ta 2011. 

## Kayan kida

Lindley yana da tarin gita masu ban mamaki da na musamman da sauran kayan kida daga Gabas ta Tsakiya da sassa daban-daban na duniya. Ya lissafa kuma ya rarraba su a shafin yanar gizon sa  amma ya yarda cewa "ba shi da masaniya" adadin kayan kida da ya mallaka da kuma wanda ya buga, bayan ya tattara su tun daga shekarun 1960.  Wani ɗan jarida ya bayyana gidansa a shekarar 1994 da cewa yana ɗauke da "ruwan kayan kida da aka baza a ko'ina cikin gidan. A kowane ɗaki. A ƙasa, an daidaita shi da bango, yana kwance a saman kabad kuma kawai yana mamaye kusan kowace inci na sararin bene da ake da shi." 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Lindley ta auri Joan Darrow, 'yar'uwar abokin aikinsa na waƙa Chris Darrow daga ƙungiyar Kaleidoscope.  A shekarar 1970, Joan da David Lindley sun haifi 'ya mace mai suna Rosanne wadda ta zama mawaƙiya ta gargajiya tare da ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Bright Mountain a shekarun 1990, suna haɗin gwiwa da Mountain Goats . &#x5B; ** &#x5D; A shekarar 1995, Rosanne ta haɗu da Lindley a jerin kade-kade tare da Ry Cooder da ɗansa Joachim Cooder, waɗanda aka yi wa lakabi da Iyalin Cooder-Lindley.  Iyalan Lindley suna zaune ne a unguwar Claremont, California mai natsuwa. 

Lindley ya mutu bayan doguwar rashin lafiya a ranar 3 ga Maris, 2023, yana da shekaru 78.   Ya kamu da COVID-19 a shekarar 2020, wanda iyalansa suka ce ya haifar da COVID mai tsawo, tare da lalacewar koda mai tsanani. 

## Zaɓaɓɓen kundin waƙoƙi

; Solo

### Kundin waƙoƙi

### Tare da sauran mawaƙa

; tare da Kaleidoscope