Baƙaƙen nova mutanen Scotland

**Black Nova Scotians** (wanda kuma aka sani da Nova Scotians na Afirka, Afro-Nova Scotians, da Afrikadiyawa) Baƙar fata Kanada ne waɗanda kakanninsu suka fara komawa zuwa Amurka ta Mulki a matsayin bayi ko 'yantacce, daga baya sun isa Nova Scotia, Kanada a lokacin 18th da farkon 19th karni. Dangane da ƙididdigar 2021 na Kanada, Baƙar fata 28,220 suna zaune a Nova Scotia, galibi a Halifax. Tun daga 1950s, ƴan Black Nova Scotians da yawa sun yi ƙaura zuwa Toronto don yawan damammakin sa. Mutumin Afirka na farko da aka yi rikodin 'yanci a Nova Scotia, Mathieu da Costa, mai fassarar Mikmaq, an rubuta shi a cikin waɗanda suka kafa Port Royal a 1604. 'Yan Afirka ta yamma sun tsere daga bauta ta zuwa Nova Scotia a farkon Turawan Burtaniya da Faransa a ƙarni na 17 da 18. Mutane da yawa sun zo a matsayin bayi, musamman daga Faransa West Indies zuwa Nova Scotia a lokacin kafuwar Louisbourg. Babban ƙaura na biyu na mutane zuwa Nova Scotia ya faru ne bayan juyin juya halin Amurka, lokacin da Birtaniyya ta kwashe dubban bayi da suka gudu zuwa layinsu a lokacin yakin. An ba su 'yanci daga Crown idan sun shiga cikin Burtaniya, kuma wasu 'yan Afirka 3,000 na Afirka sun sake zama a Nova Scotia bayan yakin, inda aka san su da Black Loyalists. Har ila yau, akwai ƙaura da tilastawa na Jamaican Maroons a cikin 1796, ko da yake Birtaniya sun goyi bayan sha'awar kashi uku na masu biyayya da kusan dukkanin Maroons don kafa Freetown a Saliyo bayan shekaru hudu, inda suka kafa asalin kabilanci na Saliyo Creole.

A cikin wannan lokacin, mishan na Burtaniya sun fara haɓaka damar ilimi ga Black Nova Scotians ta hanyar Society don Yada Bishara a cikin Sassan Kasashen Waje (Makarantar Bray). Rushewar bautar da aka yi a Nova Scotia ya faru ne da yawa ta hanyar yanke hukunci na gida bisa ga waɗanda kotunan Burtaniya suka yi a ƙarshen karni na 18.

Babban ƙaura na gaba ya faru a lokacin Yaƙin 1812, kuma tare da Baƙin Amurkawa na tserewa bauta a Amurka. Mutane da yawa sun zo bayan sun sami damar wucewa da 'yanci a cikin jiragen ruwa na Burtaniya. Birtaniya ta ba da shela a Kudu tana yin alƙawarin 'yanci da ƙasa ga waɗanda ke son shiga su. Ƙirƙirar cibiyoyi irin su Makarantar Royal Acadian da Cocin Baptist na Afirka a Halifax, wanda aka kafa a 1832, ya buɗe dama ga Baƙar fata Kanada. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata kafin yakin basasar Amurka, kimanin Amurkawa dubu goma zuwa talatin ne suka yi hijira zuwa kasar Kanada, galibinsu a matsayin daya ko kananan kungiyoyin dangi; da yawa sun zauna a Ontario. Yawancin Baƙar fata Nova Scotians kuma suna da wasu al'adun asali na asali, saboda auratayya ta tarihi tsakanin al'ummomin Baƙar fata da na Farko.

A cikin karni na 20, Black Nova Scotians sun shirya don yancin jama'a, suna kafa irin waɗannan kungiyoyi kamar Ƙungiyar Nova Scotia don Ci gaban Mutane masu launi, Hukumar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Nova Scotia, Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Black United Front, da Cibiyar Al'adu ta Black don Nova Scotia. A cikin karni na 21st, gwamnati da ƙungiyoyin jama'a sun ƙaddamar da ayyuka a Nova Scotia don magance cutar da aka yi wa Black Nova Scotians, irin su Africville Apology, da Viola Desmond Pardon, ƙaddamar da shari'ar maido don gidan Nova Scotia don Yara masu launin launi, kuma mafi kwanan nan na neman afuwar hukuma ga Battalion na 2 na Ginin.

## Alƙaluma
Bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a ta 2021, 59.1% na mutanen Nova Scotians na Afirka Kirista ne, musamman Baptist, kuma 38.1% ba su da addini.[19] 86.4% na Nova Scotians na Afirka an haife su ne ga iyayen da aka haifa a Kanada kuma kashi 12% na su an haife su ga aƙalla iyayen baƙi ɗaya.

### Matsugunai
Black Nova Scotians an fara kafa su a cikin saitunan karkara, waɗanda galibi suna aiki da kansu har zuwa 1960s. Baƙar fata Nova Scotians a cikin birane a yau har yanzu suna gano tushensu daga waɗannan ƙauyuka. Wasu daga cikin ƙauyukan sun haɗa da: Gibson Woods, Greenville, Weymouth Falls, Birchtown, Gabas Preston, Cherry Brook, Lincolnville, Upper Big Tracadie, Five Mile Plains, North Preston, Tracadie, Shelburne, Lucasville, Beechville, da Hammonds Plains da sauransu. Wasu suna da tushe a cikin wasu ƙauyukan baƙi waɗanda ke cikin New Brunswick da Tsibirin Prince Edward ciki har da Elm Hill, New Brunswick, Willow Grove (Saint John, NB) da The Bog (Charlottetown, PEI).

Shahararrun unguwannin bakaken fata sun kasance a yawancin garuruwa da biranen Nova Scotia da suka hada da Halifax, Truro, New Glasgow, Sydney, Digby, Shelburne da Yarmouth. Yankunan baƙar fata a Halifax sun haɗa da Uniacke Square da Mulgrave Park. Wurin da ke da bambancin kabila na Whitney Pier na Sydney yana da ɗimbin baƙar fata, wanda aka fara zana wurin ta hanyar buɗe masana'antar ƙarfe na Kamfanin Dominion Iron da Karfe a farkon ƙarni na 20.

## Manazarta