Maria Josep Colomer da Luque

**Maria Josep Colomer i Luque** (31 March 1913 – 24 May 2004), better known as **Mari Pepa Colomer**, was one of the pioneers of Spanish aviation. She was the first female flight instructor in Spain and the first Catalan woman (third Spanish woman) to earn a pilot's license.

Ta yi yaƙi a Yaƙin basasar Spain a gefen Jamhuriyar Republican, kuma ta tafi gudun hijira bayan yaƙin, ba ta sake tashi ba.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi

Colomer ta girma a cikin iyali mai arziki a Barcelona .  Mahaifinta mai zane ne daga Sabadell,  abokai ne da Pablo Picasso, Salvador Dalí da kuma waɗanda suka yi zamani, yayin da mahaifiyarta take da tsauri; Sau da yawa ana kai Colomer zuwa mashaya kuma mahaifinta ya haɗu da masu fasaha, wanda ya gaya wa mahaifiyarta cewa suna fita yawo. 

An yi mata rajista a Cibiyar Al'adu da Laburare na Mata Masu Shahara, wata cibiya da Francesca Bonnemaison ta kafa a shekarar 1909 da nufin ba wa mata masu aiki umarni domin su koyi sana'a sannan su yi aikinsu.  Iyayenta sun so ta halarci makarantar al'adu, amma mahaifinta ya goyi bayanta lokacin da ta nemi koyon tukin jirgi;  ta girma tana sha'awar Amelia Earhart .  A wani labarin kuma, an ruwaito cewa Colomer ta fara "tashi" tana da shekaru bakwai, lokacin da ta yi tsalle daga tagar bene na biyu  daga bayan gidanta da ke Calle Principe de Asturias  yayin da take riƙe da laima "kamar Mary Poppins ".  Ta karye ƙafafu biyu a cikin lamarin.  

Colomer da mahaifinta sun shawo kan Josep Canudas, shugaban makarantar koyon jiragen sama ta Barcelona, don ya bar ta ta halarci. A watan Mayu na 1930, ta fara karatu a can, inda ta zama ɗaliba ta farko mace.  Colomer za ta yi keke zuwa filin jirgin sama na Catalunya ( El Prat ) don gwada jiragen da makanikai ke gyarawa.  Irin wannan gwajin wani ɓangare ne na yarjejeniyar da ta taimaka mata ta ci gaba da darussan jirgin sama, kuma yana faruwa akai-akai har ta ƙara yawan lokacin tashi da sauri.  Mahaifinta ne ya ɗauki nauyin darussan jirgin sama  kuma ya gaji wasu daga cikin gadon da aka ba ta daga mutuwar kakarta ta uwa a watan Oktoba na 1930.  Mahaifinta ya gaya wa mahaifiyarta cewa tana fita daga makaranta yayin da take koyon tashi;  mahaifiyarta ta fahimci cewa ta ɗauki darussan tashi ne kawai lokacin da aka nuna ta a murfin *La Vanguardia* . 

## Sana'a

Lokacin da take da shekaru 17, tare da ƙwarewar jirgin sama na awanni 60 da ake buƙata, ta sami lasisin matukan jirgin a ranar 19 ga Janairu 1931. [1] [lower-alpha 1] Sau da yawa ana ɗaukarta a matsayin mace ta farko 'yar Spain da ta sami lasisin matukan jirgi, [2] kodayake María Bernaldo de Quirós ta sami lasisin matukan jirgin a 1928 a Madrid . [3] Colomer ita ce mace ta uku 'yar Spain da ta sami lasisin matukan jirgi, kuma mace ta farko 'yar Catalan da ta yi hakan. [1] Nasarar da ta samu ta sanya ta a shafin farko na babban jaridar Catalonia, La Vanguardia, kwana biyu bayan haka [4] [1] kuma an yi mata yabo daga Majalisar Lardin Barcelona . [5]

Bayan ta sami lasisin ta, don samun ƙwarewa a fannin aiki da kuma tabbatar da cewa tana matakin ɗaya da sauran matukan jirgin maza a lokacin, ta kuma ɗauki kwas ɗin matukan jirgin kasuwanci, ta yi aiki a fannoni daban-daban na jirgin sama, ciki har da jigilar kaya da jigilar jiragen sama, kuma ta halarci gasannin matukan jirgin sama da dama,  ciki har da Gasar Jiragen Sama ta Cardedeu ta Biyu, wadda a lokacin aka san ta da kyau a duniyar jiragen sama.  Ta zama shahararriya cikin sauri, kamar yadda a Spain a lokacin ikon tashi ya kasance abin kallo a bainar jama'a, tana yin zanga-zanga da yawa; lokacin da aka ayyana Jamhuriyar Spain ta Biyu, ta tashi da jirgin sama mai tuta mai launukan sabuwar tutar a kan Barcelona; ɗaya daga cikin fasinjojinta na farko ita ce Lluís Companys, Shugaban Catalonia ; kuma a shekarar 1932 ta sauka a Zeppelin a Barcelona, wani babban taron zamantakewa.  Ɗaya daga cikin malamanta, Josep Maria Carreras da Dexeus, sun yi fice iri ɗaya, inda manema labarai suka saba nuna jiragensa. 

A watan Yulin 1935, Colomer ta zama mace ta farko da ta koyar da tukin jirgin sama a Spain.   A shekarar 1936 ta kafa haɗin gwiwa na farko na Air Work of Catalonia, da kuma Catalan School of Aviation, inda ta kuma koyar. 

## Manazarta