Ghassan Kanafani

**Ghassan Fayiz Kanafani** (Arabic; 8 Afrilu 1936 - 8 Yuli 1972) ya kasance fitaccen marubucin Palasdinawa kuma ɗan siyasa, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin babban marubucin ƙarni kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan marubutan Palasdinawa ne na duniya. fassara Ayyukan Kanafani zuwa harsuna sama da 17.

## Farkon rayuwa
An haife shi a Acre, Mandatory Palestine, a cikin 1936, an tilasta wa iyalinsa su fita daga garinsu a lokacin Yaƙin Falasdinu na 1948. Kanafani daga ba ya tuna da jin kunya mai tsanani da ya ji game da lura, mai shekaru 12, mazajen iyalinsa suna ba da makaman su don zama 'yan gudun hijira. Iyalin sun zauna a Damascus, Siriya, inda ya kammala karatun firamare. Daga nan sai  zama malami ga yara Palasdinawa da suka rasa muhallinsu a sansanin 'yan gudun hijira, inda ya fara rubuta gajerun labaru don taimakawa ɗalibansa su fahimci halin da suke ciki. Ya fara karatu don digiri na wallafe-wallafen Larabci a Jami'ar Damascus a 1952, amma kafin ya kammala digiri, an kore shi daga jami'ar saboda alakar siyasa da yake da ita tare da Movement of Arab Nationalists (MAN), wanda George Habash ya dauka. Daga baya ya koma Kuwait kuma daga baya Beirut inda ya shige cikin Marxism.

## farkon rayuwa
haifi Kanafani a Acre a cikin 1936 ga dangin Musulmi na Sunni na tsakiya na zuriyar Kurdawa.   Shi  ɗan na uku na Muhammad Fayiz Abd al Razzag, lauya wanda ke aiki a cikin ƙungiyar 'yan kasa ta Palasdinawa da ke adawa da Mandate na Burtaniya da manufofinta na ba da damar Shige da fice na Yahudawa, kuma wanda Burtaniya ta ɗaure shi a lokuta da yawa lokacin da Ghassan ke yaro. Ghassan  sami ilimin farko a Makarantar mishan ta Katolika ta Faransa a birnin Jaffa .

A watan Mayu, lokacin da barkewar tashin hankali a cikin Yakin Larabawa da Isra'ila na 1948 ya bazu zuwa Acre, an tilasta wa Kanafani da iyalinsa zuwa gudun hijira,  sun shiga Fitowar Palasdinawa.  cikin wata wasika ga ɗansa da ya rubuta shekaru da yawa bayan haka, ya tuna da jin kunya mai tsanani da ya ji game da lura, yana da shekaru 10, mazajen iyalinsa suna ba da makaman su don zama 'yan gudun hijira.  sun gudu kimanin 17 kilometres (11 mi) arewa zuwa makwabciyar Lebanon, daga karshe sun zauna a Damascus, Siriya. Sun kasance matalauta; mahaifin ya kafa aikin karamin lauya, tare da samun kudin shiga na iyali da aka kara da aikin ɗan lokaci na yara maza. A can, Kanafani ya kammala karatun sakandare, ya sami takardar shaidar koyarwa ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don 'yan gudun hijira na Falasdinu (UNRWA) a shekarar 1952.  fara aiki da shi a matsayin malamin fasaha ga wasu yara Palasdinawa 1,200 da suka rasa muhallinsu a sansanin 'yan gudun hijira, inda ya fara rubuta gajerun labaru don taimakawa ɗalibansa su fahimci halin da suke ciki.

## Tarihin siyasa

A shekara ta 1952, ya kuma shiga Sashen Littattafan Larabci a Jami'ar Dimashƙu . A shekara mai zuwa, ya sadu da George Habash, wanda ya gabatar da shi ga siyasa kuma ya kasance mai tasiri sosai a kan aikinsa na farko.  shekara ta 1955, kafin ya kammala digiri, tare da rubutun a kan "Race and Religion in Zionist Literature", wanda ya zama tushen bincikensa na 1967 A kan Zionist Literatura, an kori Kanafani daga jami'a saboda alakar siyasa da yake da ita tare da Movement of Arab Nationalists (MAN) wanda Habash ya ɗauke shi. Kanafani  koma Kuwait a shekara ta 1956, bayan 'yar'uwarsa Fayzah Kanafani [1] ɗan'uwan da ya riga shi a can,  don ɗaukar matsayin malami. Ya shafe yawancin lokacinsa na kyauta a cikin wallafe-
wallafen Rasha. A cikin shekara mai zuwa ya zama editan jaridar Jordan Al Ra'i (The Opinion), wanda jarida ce mai alaƙa da MAN

shekara ta 1960, ya sake komawa, a wannan lokacin zuwa Beirut, bisa ga shawarar Habash, inda ya fara gyara littafin MAN al-Hurriya kuma ya fara sha'awar falsafar Marxist da siyasa.  shekara ta 1961, ya auri Anni Høver, malamin Danish kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin yara, tare da shi yana da 'ya'ya biyu. A shekara ta 1962, an tilasta wa Kanafani ya shiga karkashin kasa na ɗan lokaci tun lokacin da, a matsayin Mutumin da ba shi da ƙasa, ba shi da takardun shaida masu dacewa. Ya sake bayyana a Beirut daga baya a wannan shekarar, kuma ya zama edita na jaridar Nasserist Al Muharrir (The Liberator), yana gyara ƙarin mako-mako "Filastin" (Palestine).   ci gaba da zama editan wata jaridar Nasserist, Al Anwar (The Illumination), a cikin 1967, yana rubuta rubutun a ƙarƙashin sunan Faris. Ya kuma kasance editan mujallar Assayad wacce ita ce 'yar'uwar Al Anwar.  A cikin wannan shekarar ya kuma shiga The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine kuma a cikin 1969, ya yi murabus daga Al Anwar don gyara mujallar PFLP ta mako-mako, Al Hadaf ("The Goal"), yayin da yake tsara shirin PFLP wanda motsi ya ɗauki Marxism-Leninism a hukumance. Wannan  nuna fice daga kishin kasa na Larabawa zuwa gwagwarmayar juyin juya halin Palasdinawa. Kanafani kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin masu  da gudummawa ga Lotus, mujallar da aka ƙaddamar a 1968 kuma Masar da Tarayyar Soviet sun ba da kuɗin.  lokacin da aka kashe shi, ya yi hulɗa sosai da 'yan jarida na kasashen waje da kuma Yahudawa masu adawa da Zionist da yawa na Scandinavia. A zaton rubuce-rubucensa na siyasa da aikin jarida sun yi babban tasiri ga tunanin Larabawa da dabarun a lokacin.
## Kasheshi
A ranar 8 ga watan Yulin 1972, Mossad, hukumar leken asirin kasashen waje ta Isra'ila ta kashe Kanafani a Beirut. Lokacin  Kanafani ya kunna wutar Austin 1100, wani grenade da aka haɗa da canjin wutar lantarki ya fashe kuma daga bisani ya fashe bam din filastik na kilo 3 da aka dasa a bayan mashaya.  Kanafani  dan uwansa mai shekaru 17 Lamees Najim, wanda ke tare da shi, an kashe su

sra'ila  bayyana cewa kisan ya kasance ne don mayar da martani ga rawar da kungiyar ta taka a Kisan kiyashi na Filin jirgin saman Lod da mambobin Sojojin Red Army uku na Japan suka yi, amma ana iya shirya kisan Kanafani tun da daɗewa. A lokacin, Kanafani shine mai magana da yawun PFLP, kuma kungiyar ta dauki alhakin harin.   [ana buƙatar hujja]  kuma bayyana a cikin hotuna tare da mambobin Red Army na Japan guda uku jim kadan kafin su kai harin.  cewar Mark Ensalaco, Kanafani ya tabbatar da dabarun da maharan suka yi amfani da su a watan Yuli. Kameel Nasr  bayyana cewa Kanafani, tare da mataimakinsa, Bassam Abu Sharif, sun bukaci a taron manema labarai da ke hulɗa da satar Palasdinawa da aka saba yi a lokacin, cewa Isra'ila ta saki fursunoni; duk da haka, Nasr ya ce, Kanafani da Abu Sharif sun sulhunta kuma sun fara magana game da tashin hankali. Kwanaki da yawa bayan kisan kiyashi na Lod, an rarraba hoton Kanafani tare da daya daga cikin 'yan ta'adda na Japan.  yada jita-jita cewa sojojin tsaro na Lebanon sun kasance masu haɗin gwiwa.  Abu Sharif, wanda ya tsira daga yunkurin kashe shi makonni biyu bayan haka, ya yi zargin cewa Isra'ila ce ta ba da umarnin yin yunkurin kan Kanafani kuma daga baya shi kansa amma ya yi amfani da wani matsakanci na Larabawa, watakila Abu Ahmed Yunis; PFLP ta kashe Yunis a 1981.

## Manazarta