open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ma'aikatar harkokin mata da cigaban zamantakewa ta tarayya

**Ma’aikatar harkokin mata da ci gaban zamantakewa ta tarayya** wani bangare ne na ma’aikatun tarayyar Najeriya da ke bunkasa ci gaban mata da kananan yara a Najeriya. A halin yanzu ma'aikatar tana karkashin jagorancin Pauline Tallen, tsohuwar mataimakiyar gwamnan jihar Filato.

## Ƙungiya
Ma’aikatar tana karkashin jagorancin Ministan da Shugaban kasa ya nada, wanda babban Sakatare ne ke taimaka masa, ya kuma kasance ma’aikacin gwamnati ne.

Manufofin sun haɗa da ƙarfafa ayyuka don haɓaka haƙƙokin 'yan kasa, siyasa, zamantakewa da tattalin arzikin mata; daidaitawa da lura da shirye-shiryen mata; bayar da tallafi na fasaha da na kuɗi ga ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na mata, musamman ma Majalisar Ƙungiyoyin Mata ta ƙasa.

## Ayyuka
Aikin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Mata shine sake duba muhimman dokoki da matakai waɗanda suka shafi mata. Wasu ayyukan da ma’aikatar ta gudanar sun hada da ayyukan sana’ar kananan yara kamar kiwon kudan zuma, tukwane da kuma samar da mai domin bunkasa tattalin arzikin mata, inda ma’aikatar ta samar da kayan aiki da horar da kungiyoyin mata.

Har ila yau, ma'aikatar tana inganta shirye-shiryen samar da ilimi da kuma kiwon lafiya ga mata.  A cikin watan Disamban 2007, ma'aikatar ta fitar da manufar magance cutar kanjamau a wuraren aiki, da taimakawa wajen tabbatar da rigakafi, kulawa da tallafawa masu fama da cutar. 

## Jerin sunayen ministoci

## Duba kuma

* Ma'aikatan Najeriya
* Ma'aikatun Tarayyar Najeriya

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Shafin gida na hukuma
Ali Ahmad Mullah

**Ali Ahmad Mullah** (An haife shi a ranar 5 ga watan Yuli shekarar 1945), shi gogaggen mai wazana ne (mai kiran sallah/Ladanci) a Masallacin Ka'aba (Masjid al-Haram) a Makka, Saudiyya tsawon shekaru talatin da suka gabata. Ali Ahmad Mullah shi ne Ladanin da ya fi kowa daɗewa yana kiran Sallah a Masallacin Harami wannan kusan ace  al’adar gidan su ne a wannan sana’a tun a shekarar 1975.

Al'ummar Musulmi na girmama shi a duk fadin duniya, kuma sautin muryarshi yana burge mutane, suna jin daɗin kiran Sallah shi a duk fadin duniya Musulmai da waɗanda ba Musulmai ba ta kafafen yaɗa labarai iri daban-daban. Ya kuma bayyana cewa babban aikinsa banda Ladanci a masallacin harami shi ne yin sana’arsa ta kasuwancin sa. Ya yi aure sau 4 yana da ƴaƴa 3 da kowace mace. Ɗansa, Atef bin Ali Ahmad Mullah, yanzu yana ci gaba da aikin  yana kuma halartarci Masjid-al-Haram a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2022.

## Sana'a da Karatu

Ali Ahmad Mullah ya fara kiran Sallah ne a masallacin yana ɗan shekara 14, yana kiran sallah daga majami'u a lokacin da babu Abdul Hafeez Khoja, da kawun mahaifiyarsa, Abdul Rahman Mullah, kawun mahaifinsa, da Ahmad Mullah, kakansa, waɗanda dukkansu ladanai ne a masallaci. Mullah ya fara gabatar da kiran Sallah tun lokacin da babu lasifika, a lokacin da masu kiran Sallah suke hawa daga cikin hasumiya guda bakwai kamar su Bab Al-Umrah Minaret, Bab Al-Ziyara Minaret, da Bab Al-Hekma Minaret, don kiran Sallah. Shugaban ladanan Al-Shafie Maqam, kusa da rijiyar zamzam yake gabatar da wazana ɗin, daga nan kuma kowane Ladani ya maimaita abin da yaji babban ladan na farko ya ce har sai an kammala wazana ɗin. Al'ada ce da Daular Usmaniyya ta fara, wadda a yau ake ci gaba da yi a ƙasar Turkiyya. Bayan kammala karatunsa a Cibiyar Ilimin Fasaha da ke Riyadh a shekarar 1970, Mulla ya yi aiki a matsayin malami a makarantar Abdullah ibn Al-Zubair Intermediate School. An naɗa shi a matsayin Ladan a hukumance a Masallacin Harami a shekarar 1984. Ya kuma samu karramawa da yin kiran Sallah a Masallacin Al-Nabawi da ke Madina a wani lokaci. Yin Ladanci a Masallacin Harami, ga musulmi masallaci mafi tsarki a duniya, ya yi iƙirarin cewa duk wanda ya samu damar kasancewa cikin masu kiran Sallah a wannan masallaci, ya kai matsayi babba kuma abin girmamawa.

## Duba kuma

## Manazarta
Mohamed Bechri

**Mohamed Bechri** farfesa ne a fannin tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Sousse ta Tunisiya. Yana da Ph.D. a Economics daga Jami'ar Kudancin California.  

## Gwagwarmayar kare hakkin dan Adam
Shi dai mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama ne kuma tsohon shugaban kungiyar Amnesty International ta Tunisiya.  Kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Human Rights Watch ta ba da misali da shi a cikin rahotonta na tauye hakkin bil'adama a Tunisiya. 

## Kalamai
An ambato shi yana zargin shirun Larabawa na kisan kare dangi na Darfur a matsayin wani bangare na "tagwayen farkisanci" da ke mamaye Gabas ta Tsakiya: Islama da Pan-Arabism.  Na farko ya shafi kin amincewa da halaccin duk wata kungiya da ba ta musulmi ba a cikin abin da ake dauka a matsayin yankin da ya dace na Larabawa alhalin na biyun yana da ra'ayi iri daya  a wannan karon  ga duk wata kungiyar da ba ta larabawa ba.  A cewar Bechri, waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru sun haifar da yanayin da duk wasu tsiraru da ke zaune a cikin ƙasashen Larabawa ke fuskantar ƙawanya,  musamman yana nuna tasirin Islama a matsayin "mahaifiyar duk wani babban karya."   Ya kuma yi kakkausar suka ga kasashen Yamma, yana mai cewa irin 'yancin da ake samu a cikin al'ummominsu ya bai wa malaman ta'addancin Islama damar kafa na'urar farfaganda mai inganci. Bisa la'akari da dukkan wadannan abubuwa, Bechri ya jaddada cewa, sojojin kasashen Larabawa/Musulmi ne kadai za su iya gurgunta addinin Musulunci yadda ya kamata. 

## Zalunta
Bechri sau da yawa ya fuskanci zalunci saboda ayyukansa na kare hakkin bil'adama a Tunisia. A shekara ta 2000, alal misali, yana cikin ƙungiyar, waɗanda jami'an 'yan sanda suka yi wa hari da barazana a Tunis. Bechri ya kasance kodinetan kwamitin kare Moncef Marzouki na kasa, wanda aka kora daga mukaminsa saboda ayyukan kare hakkin dan adam. Tare da sauran 'yan gwagwarmaya da gungun 'yan jarida ciki har da Omar Mestiri, editan jaridar 'yan adawa ta yanar gizo *Kalima,* sun zarce zuwa ma'aikatar lafiyar jama'a don gabatar da koke na neman a dawo da Marzouki. Sai dai ‘yan sanda sun tare su lokacin da suka isa kofar ginin. Lokacin da Mestiri ya yi turjiya, ‘yan sanda sun yi masa dukan tsiya kafin su kama shi, suka sake shi a nisan kilomita hamsin daga wurin.  Reporters Without Borders  da Mohammed Bechri, dukkansu masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil adama,  sun tabbatar da faruwar lamarin. 

## Manazarta
Souhayr Belhassen

**Souhayr Belhassen** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1943 Gabès, Tunisiya) 'yar gwagwarmayar kare hakkin ɗan adam 'yar Tunisiya ce kuma 'yar jarida. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Bil Adama ta Duniya (FIDH) mai hedkwata a birnin Paris tun a ranar 26 ga watan Afrilun shekarar 2007.  Belhassen ta kasance mai sukar tsohon shugaban kasar Tunisiya Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, wanda aka hambarar da shi a lokacin zanga-zangar Tunusiya a tsakanin shekarun 2010-2011, tana mai kiran matakin da tsohuwar gwamnatin kasar ta ɗauka kan masu zanga-zangar "Kisan gilla ne." 

Souhayr Belhassen ita ma ta shiga cikin rubutun Habib Bourguiba. Biography a cikin littattafai guda biyu (wanda aka rubuta tare da Sophie Bessis) tarihin rayuwar shugaba Habib Bourguiba. 

Ta yi aikin jarida kusan shekaru ashirin. Daga ƙarshen shekarar 1970s, ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin wakiliya a Tunisiya, da Jeune Afrique na mako-mako da Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Reuters.  Ta kuma kasance mai himma sosai wajen fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama a kasarta, ta hanyar shiga kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Tunisiya a shekarar 1984, wadda aka kafa a shekarar 1977. A watan Nuwamba 2002 ta karbi ragamar kungiyar a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban. 

An haife ta  iyayenta'yan Tunisiya a Indonesia, jikar Hachemi Elmekki, 'yar jarida ce kuma wacce ta kafa jaridun satirical na kishin kasa da aka rubuta da Larabci na Tunisiya. Ta kammala karatu a fannin shari'a a Jami'ar Tunisiya sannan kuma daga Cibiyar Nazarin Siyasa da ke Paris.

A shekara ta 2004, ta shiga cikin kwamitin gudanarwa na Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Bil Adama ta Duniya. An zabe ta a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2007 a matsayin shugabar wannan kungiya mai zaman kanta, ta maye gurbin Sidiki Kaba dan kasar Senegal da ya mara mata baya.

## Kyauta

* A cikin shekarar 2011, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Arewa-Kudu.
* A ranar 30 ga watan Afrilu, 2011 Sohayer Belhassen ta sami "Takreem Arab Woman of the Year" An ba ta kyaututtukan a Katara Cultural Village a Doha. 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Hira da Souhayr Belhassen  (Faransa)]
Sami Ben Gharbia

**Sami Ben Gharbia** mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam dan kasar Tunisiya, marubuci, marubuci kuma mai fafutukar 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki. Ya kasance ɗan gudun hijirar siyasa da ke zaune a Netherlands tsakanin shekarun 1998 da 2011. Sami shine marubucin littafin (a cikin Faransanci) Borj Erroumi XL. Shi ne Daraktan Kafa na Ba da Shawara na Global Voices Online kuma shi ne wanda ya kafa gidan yanar gizo na gama-gari Nawaat, gidan yanar gizon aikin jarida na dan kasar Tunisiya wanda ya goyi bayan juyin juya halin Tunisiya. Ya kuma kafa The Arab Techies Collective and co-organizer of the Arab Bloggers Conferences. 

## Gudunmawa a juyin juya halin Tunisiya

Ben Gharbia ya goyi bayan masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo a Tunisiya bayan da gwamnati ta fara manufar sa ido kan Intanet a Tunisiya. 

## Ganewa
*Manufar Harkokin Waje* ta sanya Sami Ben Gharbia a matsayin babban tasiri a duniya wajen inganta gaskiyar gwamnati. 

*Prince Claus Awards* mai suna Sami Ben Gharbia a cikin shekarar 2012 saboda sabbin dabarun sa na intanet yana aiki ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarun.

*Vrij Nederland* mai suna Sami Ben Gharbia a matsayin ɗayan Dwarsdenkers na shekarar 2012.

*[[Yahoo!]]* mai suna Sami Ben Gharbia a matsayin daya daga cikin gwarzon shekara a shekarar 2010 na 'Yancin Jaridu na Duniya saboda aikinsa da ya mayar da hankali kan sa ido kan Intanet.

*Gidauniyar Frontier ta Electronic* ta ba wa waɗanda suka kafa Nawaat, gami da Ben Gharbia, lambar yabo ta shekarar 2011 Pioneer Award.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* http://globalvoicesonline.org/author/sami-ben-gharbia/
Zakia Dhifaoui

**Zakia Dhifaoui** malama ce 'yar kasar Tunusiya, 'yar jarida, kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama da ta yi yaki da gwamnatin Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali kafin juyin juya halin Tunisiya na shekarar 2011.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Asalinta daga Kairouan, wani birni mai nisan kilomita 150 kudu maso yammacin Tuniset kuma kilomita hamsin yamma da Sousse, ta fara aikinta a matsayin malamin tarihi da labarin kasa a wata makarantar sakandare a wannan birni a shekarar 1994. 

Memba na Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties (wanda kuma ake kira Ettakatol), wata jam'iyyar sirri ta farko, a cikin watan Janairu 2007, ta shiga cikin ƙirƙirar Mouwatinoun na Larabci na mako-mako. Tana daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa Majalisar 'Yanci ta kasa a Tunisia; Ita ma memba ce a kungiyar yaki da azabtarwa a Tunisiya da kuma sashin gida na kungiyar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Tunisiya.  

A cikin watan Yuli 2008, ta yanke shawarar zuwa Redeyef don tattara shaidu tare da iyalai da ke da hannu a yajin aikin Gafsa. Al'amura sun yi tsami sosai a Tunisiya. Shugaba Ben Ali, wanda tuni ya kwashe shekaru 21 kan karagar mulki, ya bayyana aniyarsa ta tsayawa takara a karo na biyar. 

Bayan isowarta a ranar 27 ga watan Yuli, ta halarci zanga-zangar mata don nuna goyon baya ga ma'aikatan da ke yajin aiki. An kama ta, duk da haka, tare da wasu masu zanga-zangar shida, kuma an yi lalata da su.  A ranar 14 ga watan Agusta 2008, Kotun Gafsa ta yanke mata hukuncin daurin watanni takwas a gidan yari. An tuhume ta da laifin rashin biyayya, dagula zaman lafiyar jama'a, hana jami'in da ke gudanar da ayyukansa, tabarbarewar dukiyar wasu da kuma keta mutunci.  Ta kasance a tsare na tsawon kwanaki 200, kafin a yi mata afuwa a bikin cika shekaru ashirin da daya da hawan Shugaba Ben Ali kan karagar mulki. 

Bayan ta bar gidan yari, ministar ilimi ta hana ta ci gaba da aikin koyarwa, amma ta yi gwagwarmayar komawa bakin aikinta tare da kokarin neman ayyukan wucin gadi. Bayan juyin juya halin Tunusiya da korar Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali, a ranar 14 ga watan Janairu, 2011, sannan ga dokar afuwa ta 19 ga watan Fabrairun 2011, a karshe za ta iya ci gaba da aikinta da karatunta a Kairouan, yayin da ta yi asarar amfanin shekaru da yawa.

Ta ci gaba da kamfen a kungiyoyi daban-daban, ciki har da Ettakatol, amma kuma ta ci gaba da goyon bayan kungiyar Tunisiya ta Redeyf. Ta kuma ci gaba da rubutu wa jaridar Mouwatinoun lokaci-lokaci.  

## Manazarta
Yosra Frawes

**Yosra Frawes**, haifaffiyar Djedeida, lauyar kasuwanci ce 'yar Tunisiya, mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam kuma mai rajin kare hakkin mata. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
A kan yunƙurin malaminta na ilimin zaman jama'a, ta halarci muhawarar shekarar 1995 kan rawar da matan Tunisiya ke takawa a cikin shahararrun wasan kwaikwayo na soap operas  Daga nan ta shiga ƙungiyar matasa ta Ƙungiyar Matan Dimokraɗiyya ta Tunisiya yayin da take kamfen a ƙungiyar ɗaliban Tunisiya. A shekara ta 2000, ta ƙaddamar da koke na neman daidaiton jinsi a cikin gado. 

Bayan juyin juya halin Tunusiya na shekarar 2011, Yosra ta shiga ƙungiyar masana shari'a waɗanda suka tabbatar da rubutun sauyin mulkin demokraɗiyya a cikin Babbar Hukuma don Gane Manufofin Juyin Juya Hali, Gyaran Siyasa da Canjin Demokraɗiyya. A halin yanzu, ta dukufa wajen yin tir da take hakkin dan Adam da rashin daidaito. Sannan ta yi aiki da wani kudiri na cin zarafin mata wanda majalisar wakilan jama’a ta amince da shi a watan Yulin 2017. 

Ta shahara da fafutukar kare hakin bil'adama ta shiga cikin sakin Jabeur Mejri, wanda ake zargi da kai hari ga ɗabi'a, batanci da kuma tada hankalin jama'a saboda ta wallafa hotunan Muhammad a shafukan sada zumunta a shekarar 2012. Bugu da kari, ta ci gaba da yin Allah wadai da wuce gona da iri da kuma kare matan da aka zalunta. 

Ita ma wakiliya ce ta kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta kasa da kasa a Tunisia kuma mai magana a cikin taruka da tarurrukan karawa juna sani a matakin kasa, yanki da na kasa da kasa.  Daga shekarar 1999 ta kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Matan Demokraɗiyya ta Tunisiya wadda ta zama shugaba a cikin watan Afrilu 2018.  Ta shiga ƙungiyar mata ta Tunisiya don binciken ci gaba (ma'ajin kuɗi a shekarar 2002 inda ta ɗauki matsayin manajan horo daga shekarun 2005 zuwa 2008.

## Wallafe-wallafe
Yosra Frawes ita ce marubuciyar, ko mawallafin, na jagora, bayanin kula da rahotanni kamar:

* Jagora ga Matakai 100 don kawo karshen cin zarafin mata (mawallafin haɗin gwiwa) 
* Tabbatar da haƙƙin ɗan adam: daga Kundin Tsarin Mulki zuwa dokoki (marubuci) 

Haka nan ta yi fice wajen rubuce-rubucenta da kuma kasidunta na wakoki ta buga wakoki da kasidu da dama kan gudunmawar mata a adabin Larabci. 

## Manazarta
Abdessattar Ben Moussa

**Abdessattar Ben Moussa** (Larabci: عبد الستار بن موسى) lauya ne dan Tunisiya kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama. Ya kuma kasance shugaban kungiyar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Tunisiya tsakanin shekarun 2011 da 2016. 

A ranar 23 ga watan Satumbar Shekarar 2011, a ranar karshe na babban taro na shida, karkashin jagorancin Mohamed Salah Fliss, an zabi Ben Moussa a matsayin shugaban kungiyar, a gaban Anouar Koussari kuma ya gaji Mokhtar Trifi, wanda bai wakilci kansa ba. 

A cikin shekarar 2016, Abdessattar Ben Moussa ya zama jakadan Ƙungiyar Lauyoyin Duniya (don Zaman Lafiya). 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
A shekara ta 2009, Ben Moussa ya goyi bayan takarar Ahmed Néjib Chebbi a zaben shugaban kasa, tare da wasu mutane masu zaman kansu da suka hada da lauya kuma abokin hamayyarsa Ayachi Hammami da kuma mai rajin kare hakkin dan Adam Khemais Chammari.

A ranar 17 ga watan Janairu, 2011, an kafa "gwamnatin hadin kan kasa" bayan juyin juya hali. Bayan da aka kafa ta, ta dage haramcin da ya kasance har zuwa lokacin kan ayyukan gasar a kasar Tunisiya. 

Kungiyar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Tunusiya tana daya daga cikin reshe na hudu na tattaunawar kasa da suka lashe kyautar zaman lafiya ta Nobel na shekarar 2015 saboda nasarar da ta samu a aikin da ya kai ga gudanar da zaben shugaban kasa da na 'yan majalisar dokoki tare da amincewa da sabon kundin tsarin mulki a shekara ta 2014. 

A shekara ta 2017, shugaban Jamhuriyar Tunisiya ya nada Ben Moussa a matsayin mai shiga tsakani na gwamnati. 

## Kyauta
Ben Moussa ya kasance daga cikin tawagar Tunisiya da ta lashe kyautar zaman lafiya ta Nobel ta shekara ta 2015. 

* Babban jami'in Order of the Republic (Tunisia)
* Kwamandan Legion of Honor, 
* Doctor na Daraja na Jami'ar Paris Dauphine. 

* Nobel Peace Prize, A ranar 10 ga Disamba, 2015 Ben Moussa da tawagar Tunisiya sun sami lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Nobel. 

## Manazarta
Radhia Nasraoui

**Radhia Nasraoui** ( Tunisian Arabic; an haife ta a shekara ta 1953) lauya ce 'yar Tunisiya kwararriya ce a kan ƙare hakkin dan Adam, wacce ke gwagwarmaya musamman a kan azabtarwa. 

## Gwagwarmayar kare hakkin dan adam
A cikin shekarun 1970, Radhia Nasraoui ta fara fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama, lokacin da gwamnatin shugaba Bourguiba ta haramta zanga-zangar dalibai da ma'aikata. A cikin shekarar 1976, ta yi nasarar shawo kan ma'aikatanta don kare daliban da ake zargi. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, a bayan Black Thursday, babban yajin aiki tare da tarzoma na jini da kuma haifar da mutuwar mutane da yawa, Nasraoui ta bude nata kamfani.

Ta kuma kasance daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa kungiyar yaki da azabtarwa a Tunisia ta sanar da cewa a ranar 26 ga watan Yunin shekarar 2003. Da aka nada a matsayin shugabar kasa, ta yi tir da abin da take gani a matsayin "tsari na azabtarwa" da ake yi a kasarta tun bayan hawan shugaba Ben Ali kan karagar mulki a ranar 7 ga watan Nuwamban 1987. Saboda ayyukan ƙwararrun da ta yi na kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a Tunisiya, Radhia Nasraoui ta ci gaba da fuskantar takurawa da zaluncin 'yan sanda. Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kawar da wariya ga mata ya ruwaito cewa:

Daga watan 15 ga Oktoba zuwa 10 ga watan Disamba, 2003, ta tafi yajin cin abinci "don nuna rashin amincewa da yadda jami'an gwamnati suka yi wa ofishinta fashi da kuma tsoratar da danginta da kuma neman a yi adalci bayan wani harin da aka kai a watan Yuli" yajin aiki a ranar bikin cika shekaru 55 na Yarjejeniyar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Duniya.

Radhia Nasraoui ta ci gaba da fuskantar matsin lamba daga gwamnati har zuwa lokacin juyin juya halin shekarar 2011 ya nuna faduwar Shugaba Ben Ali. A wannan lokacin, an dauke ta a matsayin lauya kuma mai fafutukar yaki da azabtarwa kuma daya daga cikin fitattun jagororin ra'ayoyin Tunisiya na juyin Larabawa. Ko bayan juyin juya halin, ta ci gaba da yin Allah wadai da yadda ake azabtar da fursunoni. Ita ma memba ce a kwamitin tallafawa na Kotun Russell akan Falasdinu wanda aikin ya fara a ranar 4 ga watan Maris 2009.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Radhia Nasraoui ta auri Hamma Hammami, babban sakatare na Jam'iyyar Ma'aikata tun a shekarar 1981, kuma suna da 'ya'ya mata uku, Nadia, Sarah da Oussaima.

## Girmamawa da kyaututtuka

* A ranar 16 ga watan Nuwamba, 2005, Nasraoui ta sami digiri na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Belgian libre de Bruxelles don kare hakkin dan Adam da gwagwarmayarta na 'yantar da matan Tunisiya. 
* A ranar 25 ga watan Janairu, 2013, ta sami lambar yabo ta Olof Palme don kare yancin ɗan adam. 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*  Katalin Wrede (18 November 2011). "Radhia Nasraoui – Leading the fight against torture in Tunisia". Human Dignity Forum. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
Telia Urey

**Telia Urey** 'yar kasuwa ce 'yar Laberiya, mai tallafawa al'umma, kuma 'yar siyasa.  Urey diyar ɗan kasuwa ne kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan kasar Laberiya, Benoni Urey. A shekarar 2019, ta tsaya takara a zaben wakilai a Laberiya, inda ta tsaya takara a kan tikitin hadakar jam'iyyun siyasa hudu: All Liberty Party, Liberty Party, Alternative National Congress, da tsohuwar jam'iyyar Unity Party  jam'iyyar tsohuwar shugaban kasa Ellen Johnson- Sirleaf. 

## Ƙuruciya da ilimi
Urey ta kammala mafi yawan karatun firamare da sakandare a Laberiya da Ghana, kafin ta tafi Kanada don halartar Kwalejin Duniya ta Columbia da Jami'ar McGill a Hamilton, Ontario da Montreal, Quebec, bi da bi. Ta karanci kimiyyar siyasa da zamantakewa. 

## Sana'a
Urey ta buɗe Melyke Hair a Kanada a shekarar 2009, tana siyarwa da sayar da gashi da kayan gashi ga kamfanoni da mata a Kanada, Laberiya, Kamaru, da Ghana. A shekara ta 2010, Urey ta ci gaba da buɗe kantin sayar da dabbobi  asibitin dabbobi na farko bayan yaƙi a Laberiya, wanda ke kan titin 4th a Sinkor. Kantin sayar da dabbobi ya kawo dauki ga manoma da dama wadanda rahotanni suka ce sun yi asarar dabbobinsu saboda rashin aikin kiwon dabbobi a kasar.

A shekara ta 2011, Urey ta kafa Core Investment Group, wani kamfani na ci gaban ƙasa tare da ci gaban zama da kasuwanci a fadin Laberiya. 

Urey kuma ita ce mai gidan abinci na Laberiya Fuzion d'Afrique, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 2015 kuma yana cikin Monrovia, Laberiya.  Gidan cin abinci yana gudanar da ayyukan jin kai da suka hada da "Made in Laberiya Fair" na wata-wata,  tare da haɗin gwiwar Ƙungiyar Kasuwancin Laberiya da Ƙungiyar Kasuwancin Laberiya, wanda shine dandalin inda aka baje kolin kayayyaki da ayyuka da aka samar a Laberiya sayar. 

A shekara ta 2019, an zaɓe ta don lambar yabo ta "Ƙungiyar Kasuwa ta Mata ta Shekara" ta Kyautar Matasan Laberiya. 

## Siyasa
Urey ta kasance a cikin ba da shawarwarin siyasa fiye da shekaru 9, ta kasance wani ɓangare na zanga-zangar don adalci na zamantakewa da sauye-sauyen tattalin arziki, goyon bayan ƙungiyoyin jama'a, shiga kafofin watsa labarai, goyon bayan 'yan takara da kuma yakin siyasa a yakin neman sauyi. 

A shekara ta 2019, Urey ta yi takarar neman kujerar wakilai a gundumar 15 a gundumar Montserrado. Ta yi takara ne a kan tikitin Jam’iyyun Siyasar Hadin gwiwar. Ita ce ta zo na biyu a zaben kuma a bainar jama'a ta yaba da yadda shugaban kasar Ellen Johnson Sirleaf ta yi takara mai inganci, wadda ta goyi bayan takararta. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Ita ce 'yar ɗan kasuwa kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan kasar Laberiya Benoni Urey kuma 'yar kasuwa kuma mai taimakon jama'a, Mai B. Urey. Tana da yaya uku.

## Manazarta
Basit Igtet

**Basit Igtet** (An haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Satumba 1970) ɗan kasuwa ne na Zurich kuma ɗan ƙasar Libya wanda ya kafa kamfanoni da yawa a sassa daban-daban. A cikin shekarar 2011, ya yi aiki don tallafa wa juyin juya halin Libya ta hanyar shiga tsakani na kasa da kasa kuma saboda haka an nada shi a matsayin manzo na musamman ga majalisar wucin gadi ta Libya (NTC) a ranar 4 ga watan Satumba 2011. 

## Sana'a

A shekara ta 2004, Igtet ya kafa Swiss International Management AG  wanda ke ba da sabis na kasuwanci ga Jihar Qatar.

## Aiki tare da Libya
A shekara ta 2010 Igtet ya kafa gidauniyar Libya mai zaman kanta (ILF) tare da dan kasuwa na New York Adam M. Hock. 

A cikin watan Maris 2011, ya karbi bakuncin Janar Abdul Fatah Younis, tsohon ministan harkokin cikin gida na Libya (karkashin gwamnatin Gaddafi), ya zama jagoran dakarun 'yan tawaye a babban birnin Tarayyar Turai. 

A ranar 14 ga watan Yuni, 2011, ya haɗu da shugaban Panama Ricardo Martinelli a Fadar Heron ( Palacio de las Garzas ) don neman amincewar NTC a hukumance.  

A ranar 4 ga watan Satumba, 2011, an nada Igtet a matsayin manzo na musamman ga majalisar rikon kwarya ta Libya don taimakon agaji daga yankin Arewacin Amurka da Kudancin Amurka. 

A ranar 19 ga watan Nuwamba, 2011, Igtet ya shirya tawagar ILF a Benghazi, Libya don gabatar da dabarun sake hadewa da 'yan tawaye. 

## Tallafawa
Ya dauki nauyin nuni daya a La Comédie Française a Paris a shekarar 2012. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri

Ya auri Sara Bronfman, 'yar billionaire Edgar Bronfman, Sr.; suna da ɗiya daya. 

## Manazarta

## Sources

*  "ABOUT US" . Athal Energy. Archived from the original on September 23, 2015.
Doka ta rashin adalci ba doka bace ko kadan

**Doka ta rashin adalci ba doka ba ce ko kadan**, a harshen Latin ***lex iniusta non est lex***, furci ne  doka na zahiri, wanda ke nunan cewa hukunci ba ta zama halaltacciya face idan tana da kyau kuma an tsarata akan hanyar da ta dace. Ta zama doka ta gama gari ta *maxim* a duniya. 

## Tarihi
A tarihance, marubutan falsafa da na addini sau da yawa suna adawa da dokoki na rashin adalci. Misali, a cikin Ishaya 10 :

A karni na huɗu AD, Augustine na Hippo ya ce "a tunani na doka wacce ba ta adalci ba ce, a zahiri doka bace" (" *nam mihi lex esse non videtur, quae justa non fuerit* ").  Ya rubuta wannan sa’ad da yake magana game da dalilin da ya sa mugunta ke wanzuwa. Ya karkare da cewa a ƙarshe matsala ce da mutane ke barin hali mai kyau ko adalci. Ya kamata a bi dokoki? Haka ne, amma idan sun kasance masu adalci.

Thomas Aquinas  ya yi nazari sosai kan ingancin dokokin da dan-adam ke tsarawa sannan kuma ko ya kamata a yi musu biyayya, a cikin littafinsa na Summa Theologica. Ya tambaya "Shin dole ne a bi dokokin da mutum ya yi?" Amsar sa ita ce a'a; doka tana buƙatar a bi ta ne kawai idan ta halalta ta hanyoyi uku:

# **Manufa:** Dole ne doka ta kasance don amfanin jama'a.
# **Marubuci:** Dole ne ya kasance a cikin iyakokin ikon yin doka.
# **Sifar doka:** Kuma nauyinsa ya zama daidai kuma ya shafi kowa.

Aquinas ya ce bai kamata ace rashin biyayya kadai ta jawo lahani ba ko kuma ya kai mutane cikin mugunta. Ya yi nuni ga littafin Ishaya wanda ya nuna cewa ya halatta a guje wa zalunci koyaushe.

A cikin *Rashin Biyayyar 'yan kasa ([[:en:Civil_Disobedience_(Thoreau)|Civil Disobedience]])*, Henry David Thoreau ya kuma yi zargin sahihancin duk wata doka da ta kasance ta adalci. Yana cewa:

Martin Luther King Jr,  a cikin wata wasikarsa daga gidan yari na Birmingham, yayi magana akan duka Augustine da Aquinas, yana mai cewa dokokin Jim Crow ba na adalci bane kuma ya kamata a kauce musu, wajen kafa dalilinsa na alherin rashin bin daka na jama'a.

## Indiya
A cikin falsafar kasar Indiya, ra'ayin cewa doka ba ta cika doka har sai ta cike ra'ayoyin ''Ṛita'', watakila tana nufin hakkoki" da Hausa. Wannan dokoki na asali sun kafa ƙa'idojin na abinda ake kira "doka" ko kuma "gaskiya", wasu irin ka'idoji madaukaka wanda ko Allolinsu sai sunyi biyayya ga su ko kuma su saba. Wdannan dokoki basu jagorar addinin Ritanci, amma suna a matsayin hukunce-hukunce kuma wakilai.

Wannan doka tana da alaka da masana dokokin asali irinsu John Finnis da kuma Lon L. Fuller.

## Manazarta
Hadarin sauyin

**Hadarin yanayi** shine yiwuwar matsaloli ga al'ummomi ko tsarin halittu daga Tasirin canjin yanayi. Binciken haɗarin yanayi ya dogara ne akan nazarin tsari game da sakamakon, yiwuwar da martani ga waɗannan tasirin. Ƙuntatawa na zamantakewa na iya tsara zaɓuɓɓukan daidaitawa. Akwai dabi'u daban-daban da fifiko game da haɗari, wanda ke haifar da bambance-bambance na fahimtar haɗari. : 149 

Hanyoyi na yau da kullun don kimanta haɗari da dabarun sarrafa haɗari sun dogara ne akan nazarin haɗari. Hakanan ana iya amfani da wannan ga haɗarin yanayi kodayake akwai bambance-bambance daban-daban: tsarin yanayi ba ya zama a cikin kewayon matsananciyar yanayi. Saboda haka, ana sa ran tasirin canjin yanayi zai karu a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Har ila yau, akwai bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin yanayin yanayi na yanki. Wadannan bangarorin biyu sun sa ya zama mai rikitarwa don fahimtar haɗarin yanayi na yanzu da na gaba a duniya. Masana kimiyya suna amfani da yanayin sauyin yanayi daban-daban lokacin da suke gudanar da nazarin haɗarin yanayi      .

Hadin gwiwar abubuwa uku masu haɗari suna bayyana matakin haɗarin yanayi. Su haɗari ne, rauni da fallasawa.[./Climate_risk#cite_note-:0-9 [1] : 2417 Misalan Kudi, irin su waɗanda ke hango hasarar matsakaicin yiwuwar daga bala'o'i na halitta, galibi suna amfani da hanyoyin kamar rarrabawar Pareto (GPD) don kimanta tasirin kudi mafi muni a tsawon lokaci. Wannan ya dace da bangarori kamar inshora, wanda dole ne ya yi la'akari da haɗarin jiki da na kuɗi da abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi suka haifar.

Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban don kula da haɗarin yanayi. Misali daya shine inshora haɗarin yanayi. Wannan wani nau'in inshora ne wanda aka tsara don rage haɗarin kuɗi da sauran haɗarin da ke tattare da canjin yanayi, musamman abubuwan da suka faru kamar matsanancin yanayi.

Fahimtar hulɗar tsakanin haɗarin yanayi da fallasa kuɗi ta hanyar tsinkaya  yana da mahimmanci ga ingantaccen tsarin haɗarin yanayi, tabbatar da cewa kasuwanci na iya daidaitawa da amsawa yadda ya kamata ga ƙalubalen jiki da na kuɗi. 

## Ma'anar

Rahoton Bincike na shida na IPCC ya bayyana *Hadarin yanayi* shine yiwuwar sakamako mara kyau ga al'umma ko tsarin halittu daga Tasirin canjin yanayi. Ana amfani da haɗari galibi don magana game da tasirin canjin yanayi, amma kuma yana iya haifar da matakan da muke ɗauka don amsa waɗannan canje-canjen. Ma'anar kuma ta fahimci dabi'u daban-daban da abubuwan da mutane ke da su ga tsarin ɗan adam ko na muhalli da ke cikin haɗari.

Binciken haɗari shine ƙididdigar ƙididdiga da / ko ƙididdigatattun kimiyya na haɗari.

Ra'ayi na haɗari shine hukunci na mutum da mutane ke yi game da halaye da tsananin haɗari.

## Manazarta
Barbara Howard (mai fasaha)

**Helen Barbara Howard** RCA (Maris 10,1926 &#x2013; Disamba 7,2002)yar ƙasar Kanada ce,mai zanen itace,mai zane-zane,mai ɗaure littafi kuma mai ƙira wacce ta samar da aiki akai-akai a rayuwarta, daga kammala karatunta a 1951 daga Kwalejin Fasaha ta Ontario har zuwa lokacin da ta kammala karatun ta.mutuwar bazata a 2002.

Ana wakilta aikinta a cikin tarin dindindin da yawa,gami da National Gallery of Canada,Art Gallery of Ontario,British Library,Bodleian Library a Oxford,United Kingdom da Library of Congress a Washington.Har ila yau,aikinta yana rataye a cikin sirri,jama'a da tarin kamfanoni a Kanada, Ingila da Amurka.

## Rayuwa

An haifi Howard a Long Branch,Ontario,a cikin 1926,ƙaramin yara biyu.Mahaifinta,Thomas Howard,malamin makarantar sakandare,baƙon Ingilishi ne.Mahaifiyarta,Helen Mackintosh, wadda aka haifa a Winnipeg,ta fito ne daga zuriyar Scotland.Da yake yanke shawarar da wuri ya zama mai zane-zane,Howard ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Ontario a Toronto daga 1948 zuwa 1951,inda ta kasance almajiri na Will Ogilvie,wanda ya koyar da zane-zane,da Jock Macdonald,wanda ya koya mata zane-zane da abun da ke ciki.A shekararta ta karshe ta lashe lambar azurfa a fannin zane da zane.

## Aiki

 
* 
*  

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* 
* Drawing Attention: Barbara Howard’s Ecologies
* The Gauntlet Press of Richard Outram and Barbara Howard
Kamfanin Jirgin sama na IRS

**IRS Airlines Limited** kamfanin **jirgin sama** ne da ke Abuja, Najeriya . Tana gudanar da ayyukan fasinja na cikin gida. Babban tushe shi ne Filin jirgin saman Nnamdi Azikiwe . An kafa kamfanin jirgin sama a shekara ta 2002 kuma ya fara aiki a watan Maris na shekara ta 2002. Ya daina aiki a cikin 2013.  Taken kamfanin shine *Yanzu* za ku iya zuwa wurare.

## Wuraren da ake nufi
 
IRS tana gudanar da ayyuka zuwa wuraren da aka tsara a cikin gida kamar yadda ya kasance a watan Fabrairun 2013:

* 
** Abuja – Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport **Hub**
** Kaduna - Filin jirgin saman Kaduna
** Kano - Filin jirgin saman Mallam Aminu Kano
** Legas - **Cibiyar** Filin jirgin saman Murtala Muhammed
** Maiduguri - Filin jirgin saman duniya na Maidugiri
** Yola - Filin jirgin saman Yola

## Jirgin Ruwa

Jirgin saman IRS ya hada da jiragen sama masu zuwa (kamar na watan Agusta 2016):

## Hadari da Abubuwan da suka faru

* A ranar 11 ga Mayu 2014, wani IRS Airlines Fokker 100, mai rijista 5N-SIK, yana dawowa daga binciken gyare-gyare lokacin da ya fadi kusa da garin Ganla, Nijar. Direbobin biyu sun tsira tare da raunin da ba a bayyana ba.

## Bayanan da aka yi amfani da su

## Haɗin waje

* Shafin yanar gizon hukuma (an adana shi)
Mustapha Bakkoury

**Mustapha Bakkoury** (Larabci: مصطفى البكوري; an haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Disamba shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sittin da hudu 1964), Mohammedia, Morocco) ɗan kasuwan Moroko ne, injiniya kuma ɗan siyasa. Shi ne shugaban hukumar kula da makamashin hasken rana ta Morocco kuma shugaban majalisar yankin Casablanca-Settat. An haife shi a Mohammedia, amma ɗan asalin Taounate ne.

## Asali da karatu
Bakkoury injiniya ne wanda ya kammala karatu daga École des ponts ParisTech a shekarar 1990   kuma yana riƙe da DESS a banking and finance. 

## Sana'a
Daga shekarun 1989 zuwa 1991, ya kasance shugaban kananan ayyuka a BNP Paribas a sashen manyan ayyuka na kasa da kasa. Ya kuma kasance babban manajan ayyuka a BNP Intercontinentale a sashen Injiniya na Kudi. A karshen shekarar 1991, ya kasance alhakin ayyukansu na kudi, sa'an nan kuma daga shekarun 1993 zuwa 1995, shi ne alhakin abokan ciniki na manyan kamfanoni a cikin BMCI, wani reshe na BNP Paribas. Daga shekarun 1995 zuwa 1998, ya kasance alhakin ci gaba da kuma kudi na ayyukan na National Society for Municipal Planning (SONADAC), wani hadadden kamfani, shi ne alhakin manyan ayyukan ci gaba a cikin babban birnin kasar Casablanca. Daga shekarun 1998 zuwa 2001, ya kasance mai kula da sashin banki na kasuwanci a BMCI.

Daga shekarar 2001 zuwa ranar 13 ga watan Yuni 2009, Sarkin Morocco Mohammed VI ya nada shi a matsayin Babban Manajan Caisse de dépôt et de gestion. A ranar 30 ga watan Disamba 2009, Sarki Mohammed VI ya nada shi a matsayin shugaban hukumar kula da makamashi mai dorewa ta Morocco (MASEN).  Ya taka rawar gani a babbar nasarar MASEN ya zuwa yanzu, kammala tashar wutar lantarki mai karfin MW 582 Ouarzazate. 

Bakkoury ya shirya rumfar Moroccan a Expo 2020 a Dubai. 

### Sana'ar siyasa

Matakan farko da Bakkoury ya fara shiga siyasa ya zo ne a shekarar 2007 lokacin da ya shiga jam'iyyar Movement of All Democrats wanda Fouad Ali El Himma ya kafa, wadda daga baya ta zama Jam'iyyar Gaskiya da Zamani . A ranar 19 ga watan Fabrairu 2012, an zabe shi Sakatare Janar na Jam'iyyar Gaskiya da Zamani. A lokacin zabukan gama gari da na yanki na shekarar 2015, ya gabatar da kansa a Mohammedia kuma jam’iyyarsa ta lashe kujeru 8 cikin 47.  

A ranar 14 ga watan Satumba 2015, an zabe shi shugaban majalisa na yankin Casablanca-Settat   tare da goyon bayan RNI da aka zaba. 

### MASEN Scandal
A cikin mahallin babban zaɓe na shekarar 2021 na Moroccan akwai yuwuwar binciken siyasa game da sarrafa Bakkoury na MASEN musamman zaɓin fasaha na Ƙarfafa wutar lantarki.  Saboda binciken an maye gurbinsa a matsayin Babban Kwamishinan Rukunin Moroccan a Nunin Duniya na Dubai 2021,  amma ya kasance shugaban MASEN har zuwa shekara ta 2022.

### Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru

* Shugaban Ƙungiyar Inshora da Kamfanonin Reinsurance na Moroccan.
* Memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na gidauniyar Mohammed V
* Memba na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Gidauniyar Ilimi ta Mohammed VI.

## Manazarta
Mamadou Gouro Sidibe

An haifi **Mamadou Gouro Sidibe** a kasar Mali.  &#x5D; Shi injiniyan IT ne, masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta, mai kirkire-kirkire, kuma dan kasuwa. Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma mai haɓaka Lenali. Lenali aikace-aikacen kafofin watsa labarun ne kamar Facebook, amma yana amfani da fasahar tushen murya a cikin harsunan Afirka na gida. Yana kiran kansa a matsayin ɗan kasuwa mai haɗawa da dijital.   

## Sana'a
Sidibe yayi karatu a Rasha da Faransa. Ya samu digirin digirgir a fannin na'ura mai kwakwalwa a jami'ar Versailles ta kasar Faransa. Ya yi aiki shekaru goma a kan bincike da ayyukan ci gaba wanda Hukumar Tarayyar Turai ta ba da tallafi a hanyoyin sadarwar kwamfuta da multimedia.

Sidibe ya kafa nasa kamfani a cikin shekarar 2017 kuma ya haɓaka Lenali. Lenali shine aikace-aikacen hanyar sadarwar zamantakewa na tushen murya wanda ke aiki tare da yaren magana. An fara haɓaka shi zuwa harsuna irin su Bambara, Soninke, Songhay, Moore, Wolof, da Faransanci. Aikace-aikacen kwamfuta na Lengai kyauta ne.     Aikace-aikacen da Sidibe ya haɓaka sune; Lenali, Gafe, and Kunko. 

Lenali aikace-aikacen kafofin watsa labarun ne na kyauta (app) wanda Sidibe ya haɓaka a cikin shekarar 2017. Yana amfani da fasahar murya a cikin harsunan Afirka na gida da kuma cikin Faransanci. An inganta shi don mutanen da ba su karanta ko rubutu ba. Fasaloli sune koyawan murya, bayanan martaba, posts, hotunan hoto, samun umarnin murya, ƙirƙirar bayanin martaba, sharhi da kiran kewayawa GPS. A cewar UNSCO Mali tana da yawan masu karatu da rubutu da kashi 40%. Yana baiwa masu amfani da wayoyin hannu damar sadarwa ta amfani da fasahar murya a cikin yarukan gida.  

Kunko wani application ne na kwamfuta wanda Sidibe ya kirkira. Yana amfani da mu'amalar murya a cikin harsunan gida don ba da rahoton abubuwan da ake zargin COVID-19 don tuntuɓar cibiyoyi da hukumomi masu izini. Yana amfani da sauti, hotuna, saƙon murya, saƙon bidiyo, da mai kewayawa GPS.

Gafe Digital daidaitaccen aikace-aikacen karatun karatu ne mai aiki.

An sanya Sidibe a shekarar 2018 Exponent, Quartz Innovators jerin a cikin manyan mutane 30 na Afirka masu ƙirƙira. 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Interview with Mamadou Gouro Sidibe
* Lenali - Gafe
Albarka Air

**Albarka Air** kamfanin jirgin sama ne wanda ke zaune a Abuja, Najeriya. Kamfanin yana aiki da ayyukan da aka tsara da kuma sasantawa a cikin Najeriya da kuma sassan zuwa wasu ƙasashe a tsakiya da yammacin Afirka. Babban tushe shine Filin jirgin saman Nnamdi Azikiwe, Abuja.

## Bayanan lambar

* Lambar IATA: **F4**
* Lambar ICAO: **NBK**
* Alamar kira: **AL-AIR**

## Wuraren da ake nufi
Albarka Air yana gudanar da ayyuka zuwa wuraren da aka tsara a cikin gida Najeriya (a watan Janairun 2005) [ana buƙatar : Abuja, Legas, Maiduguri da Yola.

## Bayanan da aka yi amfani da su
Kamfanin Rarraba Wutar Lantarki ta Fatakwal

**Kamfanin Rarraba Wutar Lantarki ta Fatakwal** ( **PHED** )  kamfani ne mai zaman kansa wanda ke ba da wutar lantarki ga jimillar mutane miliyan 14 a jihohi 4 na Najeriya da suka hada da Ribas, Bayelsa, Cross River da Akwa Ibom. Ya fara aiki ne a matsayin kamfani na gwamnati kafin a mayar da shi kamfani a shekarar 2013. A halin yanzu, PHED mallakar 4 Power Consortium Ltd. Hedkwatar tana a 1 Moscow Road a Old GRA, Jihar Rivers.  

A ranar 1 ga watan Satumba, 2020, PHED ta sanar da sabon farashin wutar lantarki ga kwastomomi a jihohin Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross River da Rivers. 

**Jagoranci**

MD/CEO na PHED na yanzu shine Dr. Benson Uwheru.  Shugaban hukumar shine Iboroma Akpana. 

## Duba kuma

* Omega Butler Refinery

## Nassoshi
Matatar mai ta Omega Butler

**Matatar mai ta Omega Butler** matatar mai ce da ake shirin ginawa a kan fili mai girman eka dari da ashirin da daya 121 a jihar Rivers, Najeriya. Za ta sami karfin ganga dubu ashirin 20,000 a kowace rana, tare da samar da kashi casa'in 90% na kayayyakin  mai haske (Light Oil products). Da zarar an kafa matatar, za ta rage kudin man fetur, da samar da ayyukan yi har guda dubu daya da dari biyar 1500, da kuma taimakawa wajen bunkasar tattalin arzikin jihar.
Tun daga lokacin an ba da lasisin aiki daga Sashen Albarkatun Man Fetur (DPR) don sauƙaƙe farawa da aiwatar da aikin.  A ranar ashirin da bakwai 27 ga watan Mayu, shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha biyar 2015, an bayyana cewa an ware Naira biliyan casa'in da shida 96 (dalar Amurka miliyan dari hudu da tamanin 480) don sayan aikin injiniyan, gine-gine, kulawa da ayyukan gudanar da ayyuka. 
## Duba kuma

* Kamfanin Refining Port Harcourt

## Manazarta
Kamfanin matatun mai na Fatakwal

**Kamfanin matatun mai na Fatakwal**, (wanda ake wa lakabi da **PHRC**) kamfani ne na mai da iskar gas a Najeriya wanda ya kware wajen tace danyen mai zuwa kayayyakin man fetur. Tana da hedikwata a babban birnin Fatakwal na jihar Ribas, kudu maso gabashin Najeriya. Kamfanin wani reshe ne na Kamfanin Man Fetur na Najeriya (NNPC). 

Kamfanin yana cikin Alesa Eleme a kudu maso gabashin Fatakwal, kamfanin yana gudanar da matatun mai guda biyu, ciki har da wata tsohuwar masana'anta da aka fara aiki a shekarar 1965 wacce ke iya sarrafa    a kowace rana, da kuma sabon iri da aka ba da izini a shekarar 1989, wanda ke da karfin    kowace rana. Duk matatun mai sun mallaki    a kowace rana yana sanya PHRC zama "kamfanin tace mai mafi girma a Najeriya".  

## Duba kuma

* Omega Butler Refinery

## Manazarta
Rediyo Rivers 99.1

**Rediyo Rivers 99.1** (wanda aka fi sani da **Radio Rivers 2** ) ita ce gidan rediyon FM na farko mallakar gwamnati a jihar Ribas, kuma gidan rediyon FM na biyu da aka kaddamar a Najeriya. Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Jihar Ribas (RSBC) ne ke tafiyar da shi kuma yana aiki akan 99.1 Megahertz. Tashar ta fara sanya hannu kan iska a ranar Asabar 2 ga watan Mayu 1981. 

Gidan rediyon Rivers FM yana kan titin Degema a tsakiyar tsohuwar garin Fatakwal wanda aka fi sani da 'Gari'. Na’urar watsa tashar ta kasance a unguwar Fatakwal da ke Elelenwo daga inda take yadawa zuwa garuruwa da kananan hukumomi daban-daban na jihar da sauran su. 

## Shirye-shirye
Rediyo Rivers tana da shirye-shirye da yawa. Wannan ya hada da labarai da bayanai (musamman kan kabilun jihar Ribas wadanda ba sa samun labarai da yawa a wasu tashoshi), wasannin gida, kade-kade, fasaha da al'adu da sanarwar jama'a. Ita ce kawai babban gidan rediyo da ke da himma don haɓaka ƴan Rivers da harsunansu na gida.  

## Duba kuma

* Jerin gidajen rediyo a Fatakwal
* Gidan Talabijin na Jihar Ribas

## Manazarta
Bankin Raya Afirka ta Yamma

]
**Bankin Ci Gaban Afirka ta Yamma** - **WADB** (fr. **Bankin Ci Gaban Yammacin Afirka** - **BOAD** / pt. Banco de Desenvolvimento do Oeste Africano - **BDOA**) **Bankin Ci Gaban** Kasuwanci ne na Duniya wanda aka kafa a 1973 don yiwa al'ummomin Francophone da Lusophone na Yammacin Afirka hidima.  Babban Bankin Yammacin Afirka da gwamnatocin membobinta takwas ne suka shirya BOAD: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea Bissau, Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, Nijar, Senegal da Togo.  Kasashe membobin, gwamnatocin kasashen waje da hukumomin kasa da kasa ne ke tallafawa.  Hedkwatar ta tana Lomé, Togo .

## Samarwa
An kirkiro BOAD ne a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba 1973 ta jihohin membobin Kungiyar Kudi ta Yammacin Afirka (WAMU). Yarjejeniyar ta asali ta mayar da hankali kan ci gaban tattalin arzikin membobin zuwa ci gaba mai daidaituwa da kuma shirya tattalin arziki don hadin kan tattalin arzikin Afirka ta Yamma a nan gaba.  A shekara ta 1994, ya zama bangaren ci gaba na Kungiyar Tattalin Arziki da Kudi ta Yammacin Afirka (WAEMU / UEMOA).

## Tsarinsa
Tun daga wannan lokacin kungiyoyi da yawa na kasa da kasa sun zama membobin bankin, suna ƙara kudade da zama a kan kwamitin.  Wadannan sun hada da Bankin Ci gaban Afirka, Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai, Bankin fitarwa da shigo da kayayyaki na Indiya (Bankin Tsohon), da Bankin Jama'ar Sin. Shugabannin gwamnatin UEMOA ne ke zabar shugaban hukumar bankin, kuma tun daga watan Janairun 2008, Abdoulaye Bio-Tchane.  Ayyukan Bankin na yau da kullun suna gudana ne daga Shugaban da Manajan Bankin, majalisar ministoci, daraktocin sassan da ke Lome, da ofisoshin manufa da ke cikin kasashe membobin.

## Aikin
BOAD ta fitar da wata sanarwa ta manufa a cikin shekara ta 2001, inda ta sake mayar da hankali ga kudaden su kan manufofi uku na ci gaba: rage talauci, hadewar tattalin arziki da inganta ayyukan kamfanoni masu zaman kansu.  Bankin yana ba da rance na dogon lokaci da na matsakaici, wanda a baya ana samunsa ne kawai ga gwamnatocin membobin BOAD da cibiyoyin jama'a, tun daga shekara ta 2002 ana ba da su ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da ke da hannu a ayyukan ci gaba na muhimmancin yanki da kuma layin bashi don tallafawa ayyukan Micro-credit da ƙananan kamfanoni masu masu zaman kansu.  BOAD kuma tana tallafawa shirye-shiryen sauƙaƙe bashi ga gwamnatocin membobin tare da yarjejeniyar cewa ana karkatar da kudade zuwa shirye-shiryin kiwon lafiya musamman wadanda ke hulɗa da cutar kanjamau / AIDS, ilimi da inganta kayan aikin more rayuwa.

## Hedikwatar
Bankin yana da hedikwatar a Lome, Togo, a cikin wani gini na zamani mai hawa bakwai wanda masu zanen gine-gine na Faransa Durand, Menard, da Thiebault suka tsara a cikin 1980.

## Bayanan da aka yi amfani da su

## Ƙarin karantawa

* Bankin Ci Gaban Afirka ta Yamma (Boad) Handbook. Intl Business Pubns USA; 6 edition (2007)  

## Haɗin waje

* 
* Littafin FAO: Bankin Ci Gaban Afirka ta Yamma (WADB)
Wazobia FM Port Harcourt

**Wazobia FM 94.1** gidan rediyon Pidgin turanci ne na Najeriya a Fatakwal, Jihar Ribas. An kafa shi a cikin shekarar 2007, kuma na kamfanin Globe Communications Limited ne. 

Shahararriyar hanyar ban dariya ta hanyar watsa shirye-shirye, tashar tana watsa shirye-shiryen labarai, fasali, wasanni, kiɗa (daga shahararriyar kiɗan Najeriya, hip hop, highlife zuwa kiɗan duniya da reggae ), nunin magana, batutuwan da suka shafi batutuwa da hirarraki.  

## Nunawa

* Go Slow Yarn 
* Yankin Coolele 
* Oga Madam 
* Nunin Farkawa 

## Masu gabatarwa

* Akas Baba 
* Ehidiyana 
* Lolo 1
* OPJ
* Jeta
* Porico
* Smart Don
* Benten
* Omo Talk
* Pickin
* Igho Williams 
* Gbenga

## Duba kuma

* Jerin gidajen rediyo a Fatakwal
* Kafofin yada labarai na Najeriya

## Nassoshi
Bankin Raya Gabashin Afirka

**Bankin Ci Gabashin Afirka** (EADB) cibiyar hada-hadar kudi ce ta ci gaba tare da manufar inganta ci gaba a cikin kasashe membobin Kungiyar Gabashin Afirka.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
EADB tana taka rawa sau uku na mai ba da bashi, mai ba da shawara, da abokin haɗin ci gaba. Bankin yana ba da samfuran da ayyuka da yawa waɗanda aka tsara don bukatun ci gaban yankin. Bankin yana da gogewa, goyon bayan kuɗi, ma'aikata, da kuma ilimin bukatun kuɗi na yankin. As of December 2017 watan Disamba na shekara ta 2017, jimlar kadarorin ma'aikatar sun kai kimanin dala miliyan 390.411, tare da hannun jari na kusan dala miliyan 261.36.￼l

## Tarihi
An kafa EADB a cikin 1967 a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar hadin gwiwar Gabashin Afirka tsakanin Kenya, Tanzania, da Uganda. Bayan rushewar Ƙungiyar Gabashin Afirka ta farko (EAC) a cikin 1977, an sake kafa bankin a ƙarƙashin sashin kansa a cikin 1980. A shekara ta 2008, bayan shigar da Burundi da Rwanda cikin sabon EAC, Rwanda ta nemi kuma an shigar da ita cikin EADB. A karkashin sabon sashin, an sake nazarin rawar da bankin ke takawa da kuma aikinsa kuma an fadada aikinsa. A karkashin fadada aikinsa, bankin yana ba da sabis na kudi mai yawa a cikin jihohin membobin. Babban manufarta ita ce karfafa ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da haɗin yanki.

## Mallaka
Mallaka na EADB tun daga watan Disamba na 2013 an ba da cikakken bayani a cikin teburin da ke ƙasa.

, the bank's shareholders' equity totaled approximately US$166.03 million. In January 2013, the African Development Bank injected US$24 million into EADB in new equity, bringing its shareholding to 15 percent.

## Kyaututtuka
A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014, Ƙungiyar Cibiyoyin Kudi na Ci gaban Afirka ta sanya EADB, "mafi kyawun cibiyar hada-hadar kudi a Afirka" na shekara ta biyu a jere, tare da darajar AA. Bankin ya kasance mafi kyau daga cikin cibiyoyin 33 da suka mika wuya ga kimantawa.

## Tsarin banki
Tsarin EADB ya kunshi wadannan;

* Majalisar Gudanarwa
* Kwamitin Ba da Shawara
* Kwamitin Daraktoci
* Kungiyar Gudanarwa

Bayanai game da tsarin EADB na yanzu an tsara su a shafin yanar gizon bankin.

## Rassa
Hedikwatar bankin tana cikin babban birnin Uganda, Kampala . Ya zuwa watan Yunin 2014, EADB tana da wasu rassa uku, kowannensu a cikin manyan biranen Gabashin Afirka na Nairobi, Kigali, da Dar-es-Salaam. Za a kafa reshe a Bujumbura da zaran Burundi ta shiga bankin.

## Bayanan da aka yi amfani da su

## Haɗin waje

* Shafin yanar gizon EADB
* Shugaban EADB a karkashin bincike kan ikirarin rashin kulawa
Saipem Najeriya (kamfani)

**Saipem Nigeria** wani kamfani ne na Najeriya na Saipem, tare da wani katon tsari wanda ya kunshi duk wani nau'i na ayyuka ga Masana'antar Mai da Gas kamar Hakowa, ayyukan gine-gine  (bututun, tashoshin wutar lantarki, ayyukan ƙirƙira) Injiniya, Kulawa.

Dan Kwangilar EPIC/EPC mai manyan ofisoshi a Legas da Sabon Base mai aiki a Fatakwal (Unguwar Rumulumeni).

Saipem dai yana fuskantar shari'a a kasar Italiya bisa zarginsa da laifin karbar rashawa a Najeriya. 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Saipem Spa official site, 'Nigeria'
* Saipem Spa official site
* Saipem ya sake tabbatar da al'ummomin da suka karbi bakuncin akan dev a The Tide akan layi
* *[http://www.rigzone.com/news/article.asp?a_id=29136 Saipem ya lashe aikin Gbaran a Najeriya]* a rigzone.com
* Saipem Nigeria in Alacrastore
Miriam Jerris

**Miriam Jerris** ita ce shugabar kungiyar Association of Humanistic Rabbis, haka zalika ita ce shugabar kungiyar Society for Humanistic Judaism. Ta kasance memba na Society tun 1970. A shekarar 2001, Cibiyar Nazarin Yahudanci ta Duniya ta Duniya, ta naɗa ta a matsayin malamar yahudawa. Har ila yau, tana da digirin digirgir a fannin nazarin Yahudawa tare da ƙware kan shawarwarin makiyaya daga Cibiyar Tarayyar Turai da Jami'ar Cincinnati. A shekara ta 2006, ta sami lambar yabo ta Sherwin T.Wine Lifetime Achievement Award.

## Nassoshi