Karkashewa

**Flaying** wata hanya ce ta azabtarwa a hankali da raɗaɗi da/ko kisa inda ake cire fata daga jiki . Gabaɗaya, ana ƙoƙarin kiyaye ɓangaren fata da aka cire.

## Yankin da ake ciki
Ana iya cire dabba da ta mutu yayin shirya ta don amfani da ita azaman abincin mutum, ko don fata ko gashi. Wannan ana kiransa fata.

Ana amfani da flaying na mutane a matsayin hanyar azabtarwa ko kisa, ya danganta da adadin fata da aka cire. Ana kiran wannan sau da yawa a matsayin flaying da rai. Har ila yau, akwai bayanan mutanen da suka yi rauni bayan mutuwa, gabaɗaya a matsayin hanyar ɓata gawar fitaccen maƙiyi ko mai laifi, wani lokaci suna da alaƙa da gaskatawar addini (misali, ƙaryatãwa game da mutuwa); wani lokaci ana amfani da fata, sake don hanawa, esoteric / dalilai na ibada, da sauransu (misali, fatar fata ).

## Dalilan mutuwa
Masanin ilimin fata Ernst G. Jung ya lura cewa ainihin abubuwan da ke haifar da mutuwa saboda flaying shine firgici, asarar jini ko wasu ruwa na jiki, hypothermia, ko kamuwa da cuta, kuma an kiyasta ainihin mutuwar ta faru daga 'yan sa'o'i har zuwa 'yan kwanaki bayan flaying. Hypothermia yana yiwuwa saboda fata yana ba da rufi na halitta kuma yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye zafin jiki.

## Tarihi

### Hadisin Assuriya

Ernst G. Jung, a cikin *Kleine Kulturgeschichte der Haut* ("A ɗan gajeren tarihin al'adu na fata"), ya ba da wata kasida inda ya tsara al'adar Neo-Assyrian na kashe mutane. Tun daga zamanin Ashurnasirpal II (r. 883-859 BC), ana nuna aikin kuma ana tunawa da shi a cikin zane-zane da kuma dokokin sarauta. Hotunan sun nuna cewa ainihin tsarin flaying na iya farawa a wurare daban-daban a jikin mutum, kamar a crus (ƙafar ƙasa), cinya, ko ƙafar hannu.

A cikin dokokinsu na sarauta, sarakunan Neo-Assyrian suna da alama suna murna da mummunar makomar da suka ɗora wa fursunonin su, kuma wannan flaying alama ce, musamman, ita ce makomar da aka samu ga shugabannin 'yan tawaye. Jung ya ba da wasu misalai na wannan maganganun nasara. Daga Ashurnasirpal II:

### Sauran misalai
Ana amfani da gasa ko yanka nama daga jiki a wasu lokuta a matsayin wani ɓangare na kisan jama'a na masu cin amana a Turai ta zamani. An yi amfani da irin wannan yanayin kisa har zuwa farkon karni na 18 a Faransa; an ba da labarin daya daga cikin irin wannan labarin a cikin babi na farko na Michel Foucault's Discipline and Punish (1979).

A cikin shekara ta 1303, an sace ma'aikatar Westminster Abbey yayin da take riƙe da babban kuɗi na Sarki Edward I. Bayan kamawa da tambayoyi na 'yan majami'a 48, uku daga cikinsu, gami da subprior da sacrist, an same su da laifin fashi kuma an kashe su. An haɗa fatarsu da ƙofofi uku a matsayin gargadi game da 'yan fashi na coci da jihar. A St Michael & All Angels Church a Copford a Essex, Ingila, an yi iƙirarin cewa an sami fatar mutum a haɗe da tsohuwar ƙofa, kodayake shaidar ba ta da tabbas.

A tarihin kasar Sin, Sun Hao, Fu Sheng da Gao Heng an san su da cire fata daga fuskokin mutane. Sarkin sarakuna na Hongwu ya kashe jami'an cin hanci da rashawa wadanda suka sace fiye da 60 taels na azurfa. Hai Rui ya ba da shawarar cewa sarkinsa ya kashe masu cin hanci da rashawa. Sarkin sarakuna na Zhengde ya kashe 'yan tawaye shida, kuma Zhang Xianzhong ya kashe mutane da yawa. Lu Xun ya ce an fara Daular Ming kuma ta ƙare ta hanyar flaying.

## Manazarta