Cicely Lefort

**Cicely Margot Lefort** (née **Gordon**, 30 Afrilu 1899 - Fabrairu 1945)  ya yi aiki a cikin Sojojin Sama na Mata (WAAF) kuma a Faransa don Babban Jami'in Ayyuka na Musamman na Ƙasar Ingila (SOE) a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu . Manufar SOE ita ce gudanar da leken asiri, sabuntawa da bincike a cikin Turai da aka mamaye a kan ikon Axis, musamman Nazi Jamus. Jami'an SOE sun haɗa kai da kungiyoyin adawa na Faransa kuma sun ba su makamai da kayan aiki da aka saukar daga Ingila.

Lefort ya isa Faransa a watan Yunin 1943 kuma ya kasance mai aikawa, lambar da ake kira "Alice", don cibiyar sadarwa ta SOE (ko da'ira). Gestapo ta kama ta a watan Satumbar 1943 kuma ta kore ta zuwa sansanin fursuna na Ravensbrück, inda daga baya aka kashe ta.

## Rayuwa ta farko
Cicely Margot Gordon (sau da yawa ana kiranta "Cecily") an haife ta ne a Landan a ranar 30 ga Afrilu 1899 ga Margaret Humble Close Gordon (Lefort ya ba da sunan budurwa - "MacKenzie" - lokacin da ta shiga SOE). [3] Ko da yake ta auri Kirista Frederic Gordon, mahaifiyarta ta yi iƙirarin cewa mahaifin Cicely dan uwan mijinta ne Lord Granville Gordon wanda take soyayya da shi.[5][6] Daga baya, Cicely ta zama cibiyar sanannen karar iyaye, wanda ya haifar da mahaifiyarta ta gudu kuma ta kai ta Faransa maimakon barin kulawa.[7][8] Yayinda yake girma a Faransa, Lefort ya shiga ƙungiyar jinya ta Faransa a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya . [9] Yayinda take aiki a matsayin mai ba da taimako, ta sadu da mijinta na gaba, Dokta Ernest Marie Alix Lefort, soja kuma mai haƙuri a asibitinta.[10] Sun yi aure a ranar 17 ga Yuni 1924 kuma sun zauna a wani gida a birnin Paris da kuma wani gida kusa da ƙauyen kamun kifi na St. Cast a arewacin Brittany, Faransa.[11] Wata 'yar wasa ce, Lefort ta ji daɗin hawa doki da jiragen ruwa.[12] Wani masani ya tuna cewa Lefort "yana da aji da yawa ...[ya kasance] mai basira sosai kuma mai girma ...[tare da] abokai a cikin manyan al'umma".[was][13]

## Ayyukan leken asiri
A cikin 1939, an kira Alix Lefort don aiki a cikin sojojin Faransa a matsayin jami'in kiwon lafiya.[12] Bayan faduwar Faransa kuma a kan roƙonsa, Lefort ta tsere zuwa Burtaniya ta hanyar tsibirin Jersey, don kauce wa kamawa a matsayin dan Burtaniya, yayin da mijinta ya kasance a Faransa.[14] Daga baya, Lefort ya yi magana da jami'in sojan ruwa na SOE Kyaftin Peter Harratt kuma ya shirya gidanta a Brittany, wanda ke da aminci, ɓoyayyen bay don a samar da shi ga SOE.[15][16] Gidan ya zama wani ɓangare na layin tserewa na Var wanda wakilin SOE Erwin Deman ke gudanarwa, wanda ya ba kusan maza da mata 70 damar shiga da fita da aka mamaye Faransa ba tare da kamawa ba.[15][16]

A watan Yunin 1941, Lefort ta shiga rundunar sojin saman mata ta Burtaniya a matsayin Aircraft Woman # 452845 kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar sanda.[16] Kwarewarta a Faransanci ta kawo ta ga SOE, kuma a watan Janairun 1943, ta ba da kanta don zama wakilin filin tare da Sashen F (Faransa) na Babban Jami'in Ayyuka na Musamman da ke London.[17] Daga baya aka tura Lefort zuwa First Aid Nursing Yeomanry (FANY). Kamar yadda mata da ke aiki a cikin ayyukan soja na Burtaniya suka hana su daga yaki, a cewar Sarah Helm, "babu ikon doka ga mata masu aiki don aiwatar da irin aikin 'yan tawaye da SOE ke da shi a zuciya. "  Sakamakon haka, an kuma ba da mata jami'an a matsayin membobin FANY, wanda a matsayin ƙungiyar farar hula ba ta ƙarƙashin ko dokoki na sojoji ba.[18][19] A watan Fabrairun 1943, Lefort ta fara horo a Wanborough House a matsayin wakilin filin.[20] Rahotanni na horo sun haɗu. Wani malami, Lieutenant Tongue, ya rubuta: "Wannan dalibi yana da ban mamaki; an gauraye shi sosai; yana da sha'awar hanya kuma ana iya dogaro da shi don kasancewa mai aminci amma yana da shakku idan tana da isasshen ƙoƙari don cimma abubuwa da yawa. "  A matakin koyarwa na gaba, L / Cpl Gordon ya ba da rahoton: "Yar mace mai kyau, Ingilishi sosai duk duk duk da asalin Faransanci, tana da kyakkyawar ƙungiyar abokai tsakanin mutane masu tasiri da tasiri sosai, 'yan siyasa, mutane masu fasaha na farko za ta yi tunanin juna ba".[21][22][23]

### Faransa
A daren 16 ga Yuni 1943, tare da 'yan uwan SOE Diana Rowden da Noor Inayat Khan, an kai ta filin saukowa a cikin Kwarin Loire  [shafin da ake buƙata] [1] inda Henri Dericourt ya sadu da su.[24] Mataimakin Shugaban Sashen F, Vera Atkins, ya damu game da harshen Faransanci mara kyau na Lefort da kuma yanayin Ingilishi na Rowden.[26] Direban jirgin saman Lysander, Bunny Rymills, ya kuma ji Faransanci na Lefort "ba ya da zafi. "  Sunan filin ta shine "Alice, " sunanta na aiki shine "Malami, " kuma sunanta na murfin shine "Cecile Marguerite Legrand ".[16][3] 

Bayan isowa Faransa, Lefort ta ɗauki keken keke mai nisan kilomita bakwai zuwa ƙauyen Angers sannan ta kama jirgin ƙasa zuwa Paris sannan ta ɗauki wani zuwa Montelimar inda za ta yi aiki a matsayin mai aikawa ga "Jockey network" wanda Francis Cammaerts ke gudanarwa.[27] A fannin ƙasa, Jockey ya shimfiɗa zuwa gefen hagu na Rhone tsakanin Vienne da Aries da gabas zuwa kwarin Isere tare da Bahar Rum arewa zuwa Lyon da kuma fadin iyakar Switzerland da Italiya. A matsayin wakilin sa, Cammaerts ya lura cewa Lefort "ya gudanar da ayyuka daban-daban, [ya tattara] bayanai da za a aika su a asirce zuwa London, [ya dubi] don sauke filayen samar da makamai da fashewa, [ya yi aiki a matsayin] wakilin, da sauransu".[28] Tare da mamayewar Allied na Sicily a watan Yulin 1943, cibiyar sadarwa ta Jockey ta sami ƙarin kayan aiki kuma ta kara lalata layin dogo, tashoshin wutar lantarki da sauran manufofi na masana'antu.[29] A lokacin babban saukar iska a ranar 13 ga watan Agustan 1943, Lefort ne ke da alhakin kawo jirgin sama a kan yankin da kuma ɗaukar babban haske a ƙasa don taimakawa matukin jirgi ya gano yankin saukar.[30][31] Shugabansu, Francis Cammaerts, ya yi sharhi cewa Lefort "yana jin kunya sosai kuma ina tsammanin yana da rauni sosai ga wannan aiki mai wuya da ta yi da ƙarfin zuciya".[28][29]

### Kamawa, ɗaurin kurkuku da mutuwa
Karin ayyukan sabuntawa ya jawo hankalin Jamus sosai ga yankin Jockey, kuma Cammaerts ya gargadi da'irar ta yi hankali sosai kuma ta guje wa wuraren kamar tsohon hedkwatarsa a Montelimar.[29][32] Sun tsaya da daddare kuma sun yi watsi da gargadi, Lefort da mai koyar da sabotage na Jockey Circuit, Pierre Reynaud, a ranar 15 ga Satumba 1943, sun tafi gidan Raymond Daujat, shugaban juriya na gida a Montelimar.[33][34] Wataƙila an ba da labari, Gestapo ta aika da wasu mazajen SS zuwa gidan don kama duk wanda ke wurin; Reynaud da Daujat sun tsere yayin da aka kama Lefort yana ɓoye a cikin ɗaki.[29][35] Cammaerts, mai kula da tsaro sosai, ya yi fushi game da kuskuren Lefort wanda ya haifar da kama ta. Kama ta tilasta masa ya watsar da hanyar sadarwarsa, nan da nan ya sake komawa kansa da abokan aikinsa zuwa wurare masu aminci da tsammanin cewa Lefort na iya bayyana asirin ga Jamusawa a ƙarƙashin tambayoyi ko azabtarwa. Daga baya ya ce "ba za a taɓa tura ta Faransa ba".

An tura Lefort da farko zuwa kurkuku a Lyon sannan arewa zuwa Kurkukun Fresnes a kudancin Paris inda aka yi mata tambayoyi.[37][38] A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 1944, an kori Lefort zuwa sansanin fursuna na Ravensbruck tare da wasu daruruwan mata kuma yayin da suke tafiya ta sauke wata sanarwa ga mijinta tana cewa: "Haguwa zuwa Jamus, a cikin motar mata. Lafiya mai kyau, halin kirki. Gargadi Red Cross don aika takalma, tufafi masu dumi, da abinci".[39] A lokacin rani na shekara ta 1944, Lefort ta aika da wani sako ga mijinta, ta ba da Ravensbruck a matsayin adireshin ta, wanda ya ba da shi ga SOE.[40] Lefort ta isa sansanin a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, an ba ta lambar kurkuku 27.962 da kuma jan triangle na siyasa a kan tufafin kurkuku.[41] Yayinda yake a kurkuku, an gano Lefort yana da ciwon daji na ciki ko cututtukan ciki, kuma sansanin Doctor, Percival Treite ya yi masa aiki da nasara.[42][43] Lefort daga baya "ya bunƙasa" a kan babban burodi da kayan lambu a cikin imanin Treite wannan zai warkar da ita.[37] Bayan ta dawo babban sansanin, an sanya Lefort - tare da sauran fursunoni - don yin aiki tuƙuru, kuma a watan Janairun 1945, tana fama da matsanancin rashin abinci mai gina jiki, zawo da gajiya.[43]

A farkon 1945, Lefort ya ba da kansa don canja wurin zuwa Uckermark death complex, ya yi imani da jita-jita cewa ga fursunoni marasa lafiya ne tare da mafi kyawun wuraren kiwon lafiya, babu aikin da ake buƙata kuma babu kiran safiya.[44] Da yake kusan rabin mil daga babban sansanin, Uckermark shine tsohon sansanin tsare-tsare na matasa ko Jugendlager, kuma an canza shi zuwa cibiyar hallaka a karkashin kulawar SS-Obersturmführer Johann Schwarzhuber - mataimakin kwamandan Ravensbrück da ya zo kwanan nan.[45] Wata abokiyar fursuna, Sylvia Salvesen, ta tunatar da Lefort ta kusanci ta game da canja wurin kuma tana son amincewarta: "Ta yi duk wannan cikin gaggawa, firgita da farin ciki. Idanunta sun firgita kuma tana jin tsoro game da amsar da na. " Duk da gargadi na Salvesen, Lefort da wasu fursunonin Ingila guda biyu, Mary O'Shaughnessy da Mary Young sun tafi sansanin.[43] Wata ma'aikaciyar jinya ta Burtaniya, Mary Lindell De Moncy, ta gaya wa Atkins cewa ta aika sakonnin tunatarwa ga matan Ingila guda uku don komawa babban sansanin, amma yayin da O'Shaughnessy ya yi haka, Lefort ya ki barin Young, wanda ke cikin mummunan yanayi.[46][37] A cewar O'Shaughnessy, wani lokaci a watan Fabrairun 1945, an kira sunan Lefort daga jerin zaɓaɓɓu a lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi da safe kuma an ɗauke shi don a kashe shi.[47] An sanya ita da sauran fursunoni a cikin manyan motoci kuma an kai su babban sansanin (Ravensbrück) inda aka kashe fursunoni cikin kungiyoyi kusan 150.

Bayan yakin, Dokta Lefort, Atkins da hukumomin farar hula da shari'a sun tambayi shaidu da yawa a cikin ƙoƙari mara nasara na kafa ainihin ranar mutuwar Lefort.[49] Sakamakon haka, Lloyd's na London, mai aiwatar da nufin Lefort, ya yarda da ranar 1 ga Mayu 1945 don "ma'anar hukuma a matsayin ranar da aka yi zaton mutuwarta".[50]

## Sakamakon haka
An kashe wasu mata uku na SOE ta hanyar harbi ko ratayewa a Ravensbrück a watan Fabrairun 1945: Denise Bloch, Lilian Rolfe, da Violette Szabo . [51] Lefort na daga cikin mata 12 na Birtaniya SOE F-Section da aka kashe a sansanonin fursuna. Ofishin Yakin ya bayyana mutuwarsu a matsayin An kashe su a Aiki.

Birtaniya ta yanke Schwarzhuber hukunci a gwajin Hamburg Ravensbrück . Albert Pierrepoint ya rataye shi a Kurkukun Hameln a ranar 3 ga Mayu 1947.[52]

## Daraja
A watan Satumbar 1945, Manjo Janar Colin Gubbins, Shugaban SOE, ya ba da shawarar cewa a nada Lefort a matsayin memba na Order of the British Empire (MBE):

## Manazarta