Sharbat (sha)

**Sharbat** (Persian; wanda aka fassara ko aka rubuta a matsayin *shorbot*, *šerbet*, *şerbet* ko *sherbet*) abin sha ne da aka shirya daga furannin 'ya'yan itace ko furanni.  Yana da daɗi, kuma yawanci ana yin sa a sanyi. Ana iya yin sa a cikin tsari mai yawa kuma a ci da cokali ko a narkar da shi da ruwa don ƙirƙirar abin sha.

Shahararrun *sharbats* ana yin su ne da ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin waɗannan: tsaban basil, ruwan fure, sabbin furannin fure, itacen sandal, *bael*, hibiscus, lemun tsami, lemu, mangwaro, abarba, innabi, *[[Grewia asiatica|falsa]]* (*Grewia asiatica*) da tsaban chia .

*Sharbat* ya zama ruwan dare a gidajen Iran, Armenia, Turkiyya, Bosnia, Larabawa, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bangladesh da Indiya . Haka kuma yana shahara a tsakanin Musulmai lokacin da suke karya azuminsu na yau da kullun a lokacin watan Ramadan .  

## Asalin Ma'anar

Kalmar ta fito ne daga kalmar Farisa *sharbat* (شربت),  ma'ana shan sukari da ruwa. Wannan kuma ya fito ne daga kalmar Larabci *shariba*, "sha".  A ƙarshen Zamanin Tsakiya, kalmar Larabci *sharāb* (شراب) ta zama ma'anar "abin sha mai barasa" kuma nau'in da aka maye gurbinsa sharbāt (شربات) da nau'ikansa na Farisa da Turkiyya, *sharbat* (شربت), da *şerbet* bi da bi, sun ɗauki ma'anar abin sha mai daɗi wanda ba giya ba. 

## Tarihi
An yi imanin cewa sharbats sun samo asali ne daga Iran ( Farisa ).       An lissafa wasu magunguna a cikin *Littafin Magunguna* na ƙarni na 11 na marubucin Farisa Ibn Sīnā .  A cikin karni na 12, littafin Farisa na Zakhireye Khwarazmshahi, Gorgani ya bayyana nau'ikan Sharbat daban-daban a Iran, ciki har da Ghoore, Anar, Sekanjebin, da sauransu.

Ambaton sharbat na farko na Yamma yana nufin wani abu da Turkawa ke sha. Kalmar ta shiga Italiyanci a matsayin *sorbetto* wanda ya zama *sorbet* a Faransanci. A ƙarni na 17, Ingila ta fara shigo da "foda sherbet" da aka yi daga busassun 'ya'yan itace da furanni da aka gauraya da sukari. A zamanin yau, foda sherbet har yanzu yana da shahara a Burtaniya . Wani marubucin Ingilishi na zamani da ke tafiya a Gabas ta Tsakiya ya rubuta game da "sherbets iri-iri ... wasu da aka yi da sukari da lemun tsami, wasu violet, da makamantansu." Lokacin da Turawa suka gano yadda ake daskare sherbet, sai suka fara yin *sorbetto* ta hanyar ƙara ruwan 'ya'yan itace da dandano a cikin tushen syrup mai sauƙi. A Amurka, sherbet gabaɗaya yana nufin madarar kankara, amma girke-girke daga littattafan soda na farko sun haɗa da sinadaran kamar gelatin, farin kwai da aka buge, kirim, ko madara. 

A al'adance ana yin Sharbat da ruwan rake, amma a zamanin yau ana yin sa a gida da sukari da ruwa. Wani lokaci ana ƙara lemun tsami don inganta laushi da ɗanɗanon sharbat.  Haka kuma ana amfani da zuma a matsayin mai zaki. Sharbet yana zuwa da ɗanɗano da yawa ciki har da lemun tsami, rumman, quince, strawberry, ceri, lemu, fure, furen lemu, tamarind, mulberry da violet.  Wani sharbat da aka rubuta a cikin littafin girki na ƙarni na 19 na Friedrich Unger ana kiransa *gülgülü tiryaki şerbet* wanda ke nufin "sherbet mai ruwan hoda na opium-eater". 

## Nau'o'i

Tamarind sherbet sanannen abin sha ne wanda ba ya gurbata muhalli a ƙasashen Musulmi wanda ake yawan shiryawa a lokacin Ramadan . A Turkiyya, ana iya ƙara ɗanɗanon tamarind sherbet, wanda ake kira *demirhindi şerbeti*, da albasa, cardamom, citta sabo, sandar kirfa, zuma, sage da busassun furannin linden .   A Urdu, ana kiran tamarind *da imli* kuma ana haɗa shi da busassun plums ( *aaloo bukhara* ). 

Almond sherbet wataƙila asalin Farisa ne  kuma ana iya ƙara masa kayan ƙanshi da cardamom da kewra .  Wani nau'in almond sherbet an yi shi da madara da saffron kuma wani lokacin ana ƙara tsaban kankana na musk .  

Ana iya ɗanɗana Sharbat na itacen apple da gishiri, barkono da mentha ko kuma kawai sukari da ruwan lemun tsami.  Ana kiransa *bael ka sharbat* yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan sha mafi shahara a Indiya kuma an tattauna shi a cikin *Jaridar Noma ta 1894 ta New South Wales* .   Wani nau'in Sharbat daga Indiya an yi shi da garin sandalwood ( *chandan* ) da madara mai sukari.  'Ya'yan itacen Phalsa wani tushe ne na wasu nau'ikan sherbet na kudancin Asiya.  Wasu nau'ikan Sharbet mai tsami na iya amfani da 'ya'yan itacen citrus, tamarind, ko berries *na amla* . Ana yin lemun tsami na Indiya da ake kira *nimbu pani* da lemun tsami ko ruwan lemun tsami sabo tare da ƙarin dandano kamar citta, mint, saffron, kewra ko ma barkono baƙi da aka niƙa. 

Ana iya yin Vetiver sherbet ( *cukus* syrup) ta hanyar ƙara *khus* essence a cikin sukari da ruwa. An yi *khus* essence ɗin ne daga tushen ciyawar vetiver. Ana iya amfani da Vetiver sherbet a matsayin dandano ga milkshakes, lassi da sauran abubuwan sha na yogurt, ice cream, Shirley Temples da sauran abubuwan sha masu gauraya. Hakanan ana iya amfani da shi azaman ƙarin kayan zaki na gabaɗaya.  

Ɗanɗanon sharbat da aka fi sani shine fure .  Ana iya amfani da Rose sharbat a matsayin abin da za a ƙara wa madarar pudding *[[muhallebi]]* . Wata hanyar Turkiyya ta yin rose sharbat ta ƙunshi haɗa sabbin furannin fure da ɗan citric acid ko sukari don fitar da ƙamshinsu. (Idan an yi amfani da sukari, ana barin furannin a cikin firiji na dare ɗaya kuma a ƙara ɗan ruwan lemun tsami washegari.) Wannan haɗin furannin ana kiransa *gül mayası* kuma ana iya ƙara shi a cikin tushen sharbat na sukari da ruwa don yin rose sharbat topping wanda za a iya amfani da shi don ɗanɗano kayan zaki kamar *muhallebi*, da sauran kukis da kek. 

### Gabas ta Tsakiya

Yawancin Musulmai na Ottoman ba su da al'adar shan giya ko ba da abin sha, wanda hakan ya taimaka wajen shaharar sherbet a zamanin Tsakiyar Zamani . Sherbet na iya ɗaukar nau'i uku: syrups, pastes da ake kira *çevirme* da alluna. Masu yin sherbet na Ottoman za su ƙirƙiri abubuwan da suka fi yawa daga sabbin sinadarai waɗanda za a iya narkar da su don yin sherbet. A zamanin yau, samar da sherbet ya ragu amma a wasu yankuna na syrups na Turkiyya har yanzu ana yin su. Manna ba kasafai ake samun su ba kuma ana samun su ne kawai a shagunan musamman; yawancin manna da ake samu a kasuwa a yau an iyakance su ga ɗanɗanon bergamot ko mastic . Allunan abu ne na musamman, har ma a zamanin Ottoman, waɗanda masu yin sweeteners ke yi ne kawai a shagunan ƙwararru. Don yin alluna, ana ƙara ruwan 'ya'yan itace da mai mai mahimmanci, kamar fure ko kirfa, a cikin ruwan tafasasshen sukari sannan a juya su a gefen kaskon har sai sukari ya fara yin lu'ulu'u. Ana iya ƙara kayan ƙanshi, goro da ganye a cikin cakuda, wanda aka zuba a kan babban farantin marmara kuma a bar shi ya tsaya. 

A ƙarni na 19, Isaac Edrehi ya rubuta game da wani mai shago mai suna Mustafa wanda ke yin nau'ikan abubuwan sha guda biyu da ake kira sherbet da khoshâb: Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da Hadjy Mustafa ke alfahari da su shine khoshâb. Wannan abin sha, kodayake kusan yana da alaƙa da shi, bai kamata a rikita shi da sherbet ba. Na ƙarshen an ɗan shafa shi da ɗan acid, kuma gabaɗaya an yi shi da lemun tsami sabo, quince, ruwan lemu ko ceri, ko kuma na inabi mai ɗanɗano, mulberries, da plums na Damascus, an matse ko an narkar da shi a cikin ruwan sanyi, don haka ana sha a kowane lokaci. Amma khoshâb (ruwa mai daɗi) yana kawo ƙarshen duk abincin gargajiya, kuma an haɗa shi da 'ya'yan itatuwa ko syrups da aka kiyaye, kamar rumman Aidin, plums Mardin, apricots na Damascus da Bokhara, peaches na Rodosto, ceri na Scala Nuova, strawberry Beybek, wardi na Adrianople, tamarinds, da sauransu.Marubucin Ottoman Evliya Çelebi ya rubuta cewa 'Yan Kasuwar Khoshâb a Masar na Ottoman sun yi khoshâb, wanda ya kira "wani nau'in sherbet", daga "ruwan 'ya'yan itatuwa mafi kyau, kamar apricots na Bokhara, plums na Mardin, pears na Azerbaijan, mulberries na Arabguir, inabi na Smyrna, ceri mai tsami (aigriottes) na Rodosto, apples na Koja Ili, prunes na Temesvar, da peach na Constantinople." A cewar wannan labarin, ana ɗanɗana *khoshâb* da "amber da musk". Ya ci gaba da bayyana wani rukuni na 'yan kasuwa na sherbet waɗanda shagunansu aka ƙawata da "ƙofofi da kwano na China da Fayence, waɗanda aka cika da sherbet, waɗanda aka yi da rhubarb, wardi, lemun tsami, lotus, tamarinds da inabõbi." 

Waƙar Ottoman ta ƙarni na 15 ta Süleyman Çelebi ta rubuta: "Yayin da nake jin ƙishirwa mai tsanani, suka ba ni gilashin sherbet" tana kwatanta yadda aka ba wa mahaifiyar  Musulunci Muhammadu gilashin sherbet yayin da take cikin naƙuda.  Lokacin da wata mata a Anatolia ta haihu, har yanzu al'ada ce a ba wa baƙi sherbet mai zafi da ake kira *lohusa şerbeti* .  

Daɗin Sharbat da aka saba amfani da shi sun haɗa da tamarind, rumman, baƙar mulberry, inabi mai tsami, licorice, ceri mai daɗi, fure, da zuma.  Wani nau'in yana amfani da furannin wisteria masu launin shunayya sabo. Ana jiƙa furannin a cikin ruwa na tsawon yini ɗaya sannan a tace su ta hanyar cheesecloth . Ana haɗa furannin a cikin cheesecloth kuma ana matse ruwan da ke da ƙamshi sosai a cikin kwano wanda ke ɗauke da ruwan ƙanshi. Ana ƙara sukari kuma ana barin cakuda mai sukari ya huta na dare ɗaya. 

Ana kiran wani sherbet mai sauƙi na lemun tsami, citric acid da ruwa, ba tare da ƙarin kayan ƙanshi ba, *nişan şerbeti* ko "betrothal sherbet" a cikin harshen Turkanci kuma ana yin sa a al'ada a bukukuwan aure.  Wasu nau'ikan sherbet na lemun tsami ana iya ƙara masa zuma da cloves.  Ana iya yin irin wannan sherbet ɗin da aka ƙara masa cloves da ruwan lemun tsami da peaches sabo.  Apple kore da kirfa wani haɗin dandano ne mai yiwuwa.  Ɗaya daga cikin girke-girke na "Ottoman sherbet" yana buƙatar ceri mai tsami mai sukari, busassun plums, zabibi na zinariya, citta sabo, cloves, sandunan kirfa don a dafa su tare. 

### Indiya
Mughals ne suka gabatar da Sharbat zuwa Indiya a ƙarni na 16.  Babur ya shahara a yankin Indiya, wanda ya aika da kankara mai yawa daga Himalayas don yin abin sha mai sanyi. 

### Aljeriya

**Cherbet** (Larabci: شربات), wanda kuma aka sani da **charbet mazhar**, wani abin sha ne na gargajiya na Aljeriya. A cikin bukukuwan aure na Aljeriya, amarya tana shan wannan abin sha na gargajiya mai yawa sannan ta miƙa wa baƙi mata bayan bikin hammam, tare da burodin brioche da ake kira kâak bouchkara.   

Asalinsa ya fito ne daga yankin Algiers, musamman daga birnin Algiers. Sunansa ya fito ne daga harshen Larabci na Aljeriya kuma yana nufin "abin sha da aka yi da ruwan fure mai launin lemu." 

Ruwan 'ya'yan itace ne da aka yi da ruwa, kirfa mai daɗi, ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai yawa, da sukari gwargwadon dandano. 

### Indonesiya
Ana samun wani abin sha na ƙasar Indonesia, musamman Java, mai suna *Serbat* a cikin watan Ramadan . Mafi shahara ana yin sa ne ta hanyar haɗa ruwan sanyi, syrup mai sauƙi, da kuma yankakken cantaloupe, wanda aka fi sani da *Serbat Blaweah* ko Cantaloupe Sherbet. 

## Manazarta