Sima Samar

**Sima Samar** ( An haife ta a ranar 3 ga watan Fabrairu 1957) Macen Hazara ce kuma mai ba da shawara kan haƙƙin ɗan adam, mai fafutuka kuma likita a cikin tarukan ƙasa da ƙasa, wacce ta yi ministar harkokin mata ta Afghanistan daga watan Disamba 2001 zuwa 2003. Ita ce tsohuwar shugabar Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Bil Adama ta Afganistan (AIHRC) kuma, daga shekarun 2005 zuwa 2009, mai ba da rahoto na musamman na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan halin da ake ciki na kare hakkin ɗan Adam a Sudan.  A cikin shekarar 2012, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Right Livelihood Award saboda "ta daɗewa da jajircewa wajen sadaukar da kai ga 'yancin ɗan adam, musamman 'yancin mata, a ɗaya daga cikin yankuna masu rikitarwa da haɗari a duniya."

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Samar a ranar 3 ga watan Fabrairun 1957 a Jaghori, a lardin Ghazni na Afghanistan. Ita 'yar ƙabilar Hazara ce. Ta sami digiri a fannin likitanci a watan Fabrairun 1982 a Jami'ar Kabul. Ta yi aikin likitanci a wani asibitin gwamnati da ke Kabul, amma bayan wasu 'yan watanni an tilasta mata tserewa don kare lafiyarta zuwa ƙasarta Jaghori, inda ta ba da jinya ga marasa lafiya a duk yankuna masu nisa na tsakiyar Afghanistan. A halin yanzu ita ce shugabar hukumar kare hakkin bil adama a Afghanistan.

## Sana'a

A shekara ta 1984, gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Afganistan ta kama mijinta, kuma Samar da ƙaramin ɗanta sun gudu zuwa makwabciyarta Pakistan. Sannan ta yi aiki a matsayin likita a reshen 'yan gudun hijira na Asibitin Mishan. Cikin ɓacin rai da ƙarancin wuraren kiwon lafiya ga matan 'yan gudun hijirar Afghanistan, ta kafa a cikin shekarar 1989 Shuhada Organization and Shuhada Clinic a Quetta, Pakistan. Kungiyar Shuhada ta sadaukar da kai ne wajen samar da kiwon lafiya ga mata da ‘yan matan Afganistan, horar da ma’aikatan lafiya da ilimi. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, an buɗe ƙarin rassa na asibiti/asibiti a duk faɗin Afghanistan.

### Aikin siyasa
Bayan ta zauna a matsayin 'yar gudun hijira sama da shekaru goma, Samar ta  koma Afghanistan a shekara ta 2002 domin ta zama majalisar ministoci a gwamnatin rikon kwarya ta Afghanistan ƙarƙashin jagorancin Hamid Karzai. A gwamnatin riƙon kwarya ta rike muƙamin mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa sannan ta riƙe muƙamin ministar harkokin mata. Ita ce mace ta 6 da ta zama Minista a Afghanistan,  ta zama ministar harkokin mata ta farko tun bayan Shafiqa Ziaie a cikin shekarun 1970, kuma mace ta farko da ta zama minista tun a shekarar 1992. 

An tilasta mata yin murabus daga muƙaminta ne bayan da aka yi mata barazanar kisa da kuma gallaza mata saboda tambayar dokokin Musulunci masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, musamman na shari'a, yayin wata hira da wata jarida a cikin harshen Farisa a Canada. A lokacin Loya Jirga na shekarar 2003, masu ra'ayin addini da yawa sun fitar da wani talla a cikin wata jarida mai suna Samar Salman Rushdie na Afghanistan.

Samar ta jagoranci hukumar kare hakkin ɗan Adam mai zaman kanta ta Afghanistan (AIHRC) daga shekarun 2002 - 2019. Ta kuma kafa Cibiyar Ilimi mai zurfi ta Gawharshad a shekarar 2010, wacce ta jawo hankalin ɗalibai sama da 1200 a cikin ƙanƙanin adadin ayyukanta.  A cikin shekarar 2019, Sakatare-Janar na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya António Guterres ya naɗa Samar a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mambobi takwas na kwamitin koli kan gudun hijira a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Federica Mogherini da Donald Kaberuka. 

Samar a bainar jama'a ta ki yarda da cewa dole ne a ajiye mata a cikin purdah (keɓancewa da jama'a) kuma ta yi magana game da yadda ake sanya burqa (rufe kai da ƙafa), wanda mujahidai masu tsattsauran ra'ayi suka aiwatar da shi da farko sannan kuma ta Taliban. Har ila yau, ta jawo hankali ga gaskiyar cewa mata da yawa a Afghanistan suna fama da osteomalacia, mai laushi na ƙasusuwa, saboda rashin isasshen abinci. Sanya burka yana rage hasken rana kuma yana kara ta'azzara yanayin ga mata masu fama da osteomalacia. 

## Karramawa
Samar na ɗaya daga cikin manyan batutuwa guda huɗu a cikin shirin shirin Sally Armstrong na shekarar 2004 *'Ya'yan Afghanistan*. A cikin shirin, an nuna aikin Sima Samar a matsayin ministar harkokin mata da faɗuwar daga mulki.

Samar ta sami lambobin yabo na duniya da yawa  saboda aikinta kan 'yancin ɗan Adam da dimokuraɗiyya, gami da:

* 1994 Ramon Magsaysay Kyauta don Jagorancin Al'umma;
* 1995 Jagoran Duniya na Gobe daga taron tattalin arzikin duniya a Switzerland;
* Kyautar Jarumai 100 na 1998 a Amurka;
* Kyautar Paul Grüninger Human Rights, Paul Grüninger Foundation, Switzerland Maris 2001;
* Kyautar Muryar Ƙarfafa, Hukumar Mata ta Mata da Yara 'Yan Gudun Hijira, New York, Yuni 2001;
* Kyautar  'Yanci na John Humphrey, Hakkoki da Dimokuraɗiyya, Kanada 2001; 
* Mujallar Ms., Gwarzuwar Mata a madadin Matan Afganistan, Amurka a watan Disamba 2001;
* Matan Watan, Toronto, Kanada, Disamba 2001;
* Mafi kyawun Kyautar Ma'aikacin zamantakewa, Gidauniyar Mailo Trust, Quetta, Pakistan Maris 2001;
* Kyautar Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam na Duniya, Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam ta Duniya, Washington, DC watan Afrilu 2002;
* Kyautar 'Yanci, Ƙungiyar Mata don 'Yanci da Dimokuraɗiyya, Barcelona Yuli 2002;
* Kwamitin Lauyoyi don 'Yancin Ɗan Adam, New York Oktoba 2002;
* Kyautar Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam na Perdita Huston 2003;
* Bayanan Bayani a Kyautar Ƙarfafa 2004; kuma
* Kyautar Zaman Lafiya ta Birnin Ieper (Ypres) Belgium, 2008
* Dimokuraɗiyyar Asiya da lambar yabo ta 'yancin ɗan adam, Disamba 2008 
* Jami'in Daraja na Order of Canada, 2009 
* Geuzenpenning, 2011
* Kyautar Rayuwa ta Dama, 2012 
* Mother Teresa Awards don Adalci na zamantakewa a watan Nuwamba 2012. 
* Doctorate na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Jihar Salem a watan Mayu 2013
* 2013 Allard Prize for International Integrity, Kyautar ƙarshe na CDN $25,000 

## Manazarta