Nanoparticle na ƙarfe

Nanoscale ƙarfe barbashi ne na ƙarfe na ƙarfe. Saboda babban aikin su, dukiyar magnetic ta din-din-din, ƙarancin guba, da ƙarfin adsorption, ana amfani da nanoparticles na ƙarfe a cikin isar da magani, samar da kaset na magnetic (misali, camcorders da kaset na ajiya na kwamfutoci ), maganin kwayar halitta, da maganin muhalli. 

## Haɗuwa
Ana iya haɗa nanoparticles na ƙarfe ta amfani da hanyoyi guda biyu na farko: sama da ƙasa da ƙasa.

### Hanyoyin Sama da Kasa
Hanyoyin sama da ƙasa suna haifar da nanoparticles ta hanyar rushe manyan kayan aiki zuwa ƙananan ɓarɓashi, gami da laser ablation da niƙa na inji.

### Hanyoyin da ke ƙasa
Hanyoyin da ke ƙasa da sama sun haɗa da haɗin sunadarai da na halitta na nanoparticles na ƙarfe daga abubuwan da ke cikin ƙarfe (misali, Fe (II) da Fe (III)).  Wannan hanyar ana daukar ta a matsayin mafi inganci kuma ana amfani da ita don shirye-shiryen nanoparticle. Misali, ana iya shirya nanoparticles na ƙarfe ta hanyar rage gishiri na Fe (II) ko Fe (III) tare da sodium borohydride a cikin matsakaici mai ruwa. Ana iya bayyana wannan tsari ta hanyar lissafi masu zuwa:

## Aikace-aikacen Magani na Muhalli
Bincike ya nuna cewa ana iya amfani da ƙwayoyin ƙarfe na nanoscale yadda ya kamata don magance nau'ikan gurɓataccen ƙasa, gami da filayen da aka gurɓata da polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlorinated organic solvents, da organochlorine pesticides. Nanoscale ƙarfe particles ne sauƙin ɗauka ta hanyar ruwa na ƙasa, yana ba da damar magani a wurin. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya yin allurar ruwa ta nanoparticle a cikin yankin da aka gurbata kuma ta zauna a can na dogon lokaci. Wadannan dalilai sun haɗu don yin wannan hanyar da ta fi rahusa fiye da madadin da aka fi amfani da shi a halin yanzu.

Masu bincike sun gano cewa kodayake nanoparticles na ƙarfe na ƙarfe suna gyara gurɓataccen abu da kyau, suna yawan haɗuwa a saman ƙasa. A mayar da martani, an yi amfani da carbon nanoparticles da polyelectrolytes masu narkewa a cikin ruwa a matsayin tallafi ga nanoparticels na ƙarfe. Abubuwan gurɓataccen ruwa suna shiga cikin waɗannan tallafi, suna inganta ƙarancin ruwa a cikin yashi da ƙasa.

A cikin gwaje-gwaje na filin sun tabbatar da binciken dakin gwaje- gwaje-gaje. Koyaya, har yanzu ana ci gaba da bincike kuma ba a amfani da ƙwayoyin ƙarfe na nanoscale don magance gurɓataccen ƙasa ba.

## Aikace-aikacen a cikin Biomedicine
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) suna da aikace-aikace masu yawa a cikin biomedicine, gami da amfani da su a cikin magnetic resonance imaging da kuma maganin ciwon daji ta hanyar magnetic hyperthermia 

Baya ga waɗannan aikace-aikacen, IONPs suna nuna aiki mai ƙarfi na rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta kuma an bincika su don isar da magungunan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta zuwa ƙwayoyin da aka yi niyya. Sanannun microorganisms masu saukin kamuwa da tasirin guba na IONPs sun haɗa da ƙwayoyin cuta na Gram-negative (misali, *Escherichia coli* da *Klebsiella* sp.) da Gram-positive bacteria (misali., Bacillus sp. da *Corynebacterium* sp.). 

The antibacterial activity of IONPs is primarily attributed to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a mechanism similar to the Fenton reaction. Specifically, Fe2+ ions react with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), producing Fe3+ ions and hydroxyl radicals. These highly reactive species induce oxidative damage to bacterial DNA, ultimately leading to cell death.

## Dubi kuma

* Haɗarin lafiya da aminci na nanomaterials
* Tasirin muhalli na nanotechnology

## Manazarta