Gwagwarmayar Senegal

**Kokawar Senegal** ( **' Gidajan sayarwa A [[Yaren Serer|Serer]],  ko kuma kawai **' in Faransanci, **'in [[Yare Wolof|Wolof]], **' a Bambara ) wani nau'i ne na kokawa ta al'ada da mutanen Serer suka saba yi kuma yanzu wasa ne na kasa a Senegal da wasu sassan Gambia,  kuma wani bangare ne na babban nau'i na kokawa na gargajiya na yammacin Afirka (fr. *[[Kokawa|Lutte Traditionnelle]]* ).  Siffar Senegal ta al'ada tana ba da damar busawa da hannuwa ( *frappe* ), ɗayan al'adun Yammacin Afirka don yin hakan. A matsayin babbar ƙungiya da zakara a kusa da Lutte Traditionnelle ta haɓaka tun cikin 1990s, mayakan Senegal yanzu suna aiwatar da nau'ikan biyun, wanda ake kira **' a hukumance. (don sigar ƙasa da ƙasa) da **' ga sigar mai ban mamaki. 

## Tarihi
Ya samo asali ne daga al'adar kokawa ta mutanen Serer - a matsayin wani shiri na shirye-shiryen yaki tsakanin azuzuwan mayaƙa dangane da dabara.   A al'adar Serer, an raba kokawa zuwa dabaru daban-daban tare da *mbapate* yana ɗaya daga cikinsu. Har ila yau, bikin ƙaddamarwa ne a tsakanin Serers, kalmar **' ya samo asali ne daga ka'idar Serer na Jom (daga addinin Serer ), ma'ana zuciya ko daraja a cikin [[Yaren Serer|harshen Serer]] .   Ƙa'idar ''Jom'' ta ƙunshi ɗimbin dabi'u da imani waɗanda suka haɗa da dabi'u na tattalin arziki, muhalli, na sirri da na zamantakewa. Kokawa ta samo asali ne daga reshen ''dabi'un mutum'' na ka'idar Jom.  Daya daga cikin tsoffin 'yan kokawa da aka yi rikodin su a Senegal a yau  shine Boukar Djilak Faye (wani Serer) wanda ya rayu a karni na 14 a cikin [[Masarautar Sine]] . Shi ne kakan daular Faye na Sine da [[Masarautar Saloum|Saloum]] (duka Masarautu a Senegal ta yau).  Kallon kokawa na ''njom'' yawanci yana tare da ''kim njom'' - waƙoƙin da matasan Serer suka yi don bayyana kyautarsu ta ''"waka"'' ( ''ciid'' a Serer  ). Kalmar Wolof don kokawa, **' , ya samo daga harshen Serer **' ( ''Fara'' na asalin Mandinka alhalin **' daga asalin Serer) babban griot wanda ya kasance yana bugun *tam-tam* na Sine da ake kira *Ɗan Rago* ko *Lamba* a Serer.  *Ragon dai* wani bangare ne na rakiyar kidan kokawa a zamanin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan Senegal ta samu ‘yancin kai. Har ila yau, wani ɓangare ne na al'adar *Njuup* (wani mai ra'ayin mazan jiya na Serer repertoire, zuriyar Mbalax    ).

Wasan ya ƙetare ƙabilu, wasan yana jin daɗin matsayin wasanni na ƙasa.  A al’adance, suma samari sun kasance suna fada a matsayin shagaltuwa, suna zawarcin matan aure, suna tabbatar da mazajensu, suna kawo martaba ga kauyukansu. Galibi kowane dan kokawa (wanda ake kira mbër) yayi bakk kafin a fara fada.

Gabaɗaya, *bakk* (wanda kuma ana iya rubuta shi da baku, bakku, bakkous) wasan fasaha ne na baka wanda ake amfani da shi don alfahari da kansa don sanya tsoro ko girmamawa ga masu sauraro ko abokan hamayya.  Ba a yi amfani da Bàkk a fagen kokawa kawai ba amma ana iya amfani da shi a cikin jawaban siyasa ko wasu gamuwa da wani wanda ke ganin ya kamata ya yi alfahari game da nasarorin da ya samu don a yaba masa. <rBa wai kawai ana yin fahariya ba, har ma ana iya amfani da ita don girmama manyan mutane. Ayyukan bakk na iya kasancewa cikin labari, waƙoƙin yabo, ko waƙa. Ana amfani da Bàkk don dacewa da kasancewar ɗan kokawa ta hanyar ƙara kyawun fasaha da wayo na magana. 'Yan kokawa na Wolof suna amfani da bàakk don gabatar da kansu a matsayin na kwarai da ban sha'awa

Aikin baka na bakak, wanda 'yan kokawa na Senegal ke amfani da shi, yana da tarihinsa a cikin *griots* . A tarihi, Wolof griots da griottes mawaka ne da aka dora wa alhakin ba da yabo na jarumai da jarumai waɗanda suka shawo kan wahalhalu.  An yi amfani da Griots wajen rera waƙoƙin yabo ga sarakuna, ƴan kokawa, da manyan baki baki ɗaya. Griots yawanci sun fito ne daga ƙananan ƙungiyoyi kuma aikin su na rera yabo ya kasance na musamman. Za su raka ’yan kokawa, waɗanda yawanci sukan zo daga manyan ƙungiyoyi zuwa fage. A cikin mafi yawan lokuta na zamani, 'yan kokawa na Wolof yanzu za su rera nasu yabo, wanda ke kalubalantar al'adar al'umma na yabo kawai da griots. 

A cikin shekarun 1980 dan kokawa dan kasar Senegal Mame Gorgui (wanda ake kira "Darling Child of Dakar") ya yi wani gagarumin bakk, wanda ya sanya shi shahara a tsakanin mutanen Senegal.  Wannan sanannen bakk ya sha maimaitawa da yara a Senegal kuma suna rera waka a gidan rediyon kasa a karshen mako inda ake gwabzawa. 

A yau bàkk ya shahara sosai a cikin ƙasar a matsayin alamar ƙarfin motsa jiki da ƙarfin motsa jiki na maza.  A halin yanzu, masu haɓaka kasuwanci ne ke shirya kokawa waɗanda ke ba da kyaututtuka ga waɗanda suka yi nasara. Filin wasan kokawa mai daukar mutane 20,000 Arene de Lutte da ke Dakar shi ne filin wasan kokawa mafi girma a Senegal. 

Shahararriyar kokawa ta Senegal ta karu cewa manyan, mafi shahara, 'yan kokawa sun sami damar yin wasan kwaikwayo ta talabijin.  Amma, duk da samun karbuwar kudaden da ake samu daga hadaddiyar fasahar fadace-fadace (MMA), kokawa ta Senegal ta fuskanci barazanar kawar da manyan taurarin su ta hanyar neman kudi masu yawa. 

## Manufar

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan manufofin shine jefa abokin hamayyar ƙasa ta hanyar ɗaga shi sama da sama, yawanci a waje da wani yanki.

## Horowa

'Yan wasan kokawa na Senegal suna horarwa sosai kuma suna iya yin wasan motsa jiki da motsa jiki daban-daban a tsawon yini don haɓaka ƙarfinsu. Duk da haka, yayin da suka yi imani da ƙarfi yana da mahimmanci, sun kuma yi imanin cewa akwai wani nau'i na sa'a a cikin wanda ya yi nasara kuma yana iya yin al'ada kafin wasa don ƙara damar su. Yawanci ga 'yan kokawa na Senegal shine shafa ƙafa a kan dutse ko shafa kansu da man shafawa ko mai don ƙara "sa'a".

'Yan wasan kokawa na kasar Senegal, musamman matasa, na kokawa da barin makaranta, suma suna kokawa, lamarin da ya sa fitattun mutane a fagen wasan suka tofa albarkacin bakinsu kan lamarin, inda suka ce iliminsu ya fi muhimmanci. 

## Mai jarida
A watan Afrilun 2008 wani shirin bidiyo na BBC mai suna *Last Man Standing* ya ba da labarin rayuwar gungun 'yan Burtaniya da Amurkawa a wani sansanin takalma a Senegal wadanda suka fafata da 'yan adawar Senegal.  **' An nuna shi a cikin fim ɗin **' na 2005 (Lakabin Turanci *Grounds Wrestling* ). Documentary **' wanda Kristoffer Hegnsvad ya jagoranta ya bi matasan kokawa a Dakar a lokacin wata babbar gasa, Jørgen Leth ne ya ba da labarin fim ɗin kuma aka fara shi a bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Copenhagen - CPH: DOX a cikin 2013. 

== Etymology ==
**' kalmar Wolof ce ta kokawa, wacce aka aro daga Serer **' .  Kalmar Serer don kokawa ita ce **', wanda ya samo asali daga kalmar Serer ** ( *zuciya* ko *daraja* ).  

## Zakarun Turai
Tun daga shekarun 1950, kokawa ta Senegal, kamar sauran takwarorinta na sauran yankunan yammacin Afirka, ta zama babban abin kallo na wasanni da al'adu . Zakaran gasar kokawa ta gargajiya sune fitattun mutane a Senegal, tare da mayaka irin su Balla Gaye 2, Yékini (Yakhya Diop), Tyson (Mohamed Ndao), da Bombardier (Serigne Ousmane Dia) da aka fi sani.  Pathe Mbeurou Askanewi Boye, wanda aka fi sani da Big Pato, shi ne dan wasan kokawa na farko a Senegal wanda kuma dan sanda ne. 

## filayen wasan kokawa
Filin kokawa na kasa da ke Pikine shi ne filin wasan kokawa mafi girma a Senegal. Yana da damar 20,000. An shafe watanni 28 ana gina filin wasan. 

## Manazarta