open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Alamara Nhassé

**Alamara Ntchia Nhassé** (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Yuni 1957) ɗan siyasa ne ɗan ƙasar Bissau-Guinea, wanda ya kasance Firayim Minista daga ranar 9 ga watan Disamba, 2001 zuwa ranar 17 ga watan Nuwamba, 2002. A halin yanzu Nhassé shine Shugaban Jam'iyyar Sulhu ta Ƙasa; ya taɓa jagorantar Jam'iyyar Sabunta Zamantakewa ta Jama'a (Social Renewal Party) (PRS).

## Rayuwa ta farko
Nhassé ƙwararre ne a fannin noma, wanda aka horar a Cuba da kuma Tarayyar Soviet.  Bayan an zaɓi ɗan takarar PRS Kumba Yala a matsayin shugaban ƙasa, an naɗa Nhassé a matsayin Ministan Noma, Ruwa, Dazuzzuka da Farauta a gwamnatin da aka kafa a ranar 19 ga watan Fabrairu, 2000.  Daga baya, a cikin gwamnatin da aka kafa a ranar 25 ga watan Janairu, 2001, ya zama Ministan Noma da Kamun Kifi.   A ƙarƙashin Firayim Minista Faustino Imbali, ya zama Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida bayan an kori Artur Sanhá a ranar 29 ga watan Agusta, 2001. Bayan an kori Imbali shi ma, Nhassé ya maye gurbinsa a matsayin Firayim Minista a ranar 9 ga watan Disamba, 2001. A ranar 15 ga watan Janairu, 2002, taron jam'iyyar PRS ya zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar. Rikicin gwamnati ya kawo ƙarshen lokacinsa a ofis kuma ya tilasta wa gwamnatinsa rusa gwamnatinsa. Nhassé ya yi murabus daga shugabancin PRS a ranar 15 ga watan Nuwamba, 2002, kuma bayan kwana biyu, an naɗa Mário Pires don ya maye gurbin Nhassé a matsayin firayim minista.

A cikin zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na shekarar 2005, Nhassé ya goyi bayan ɗan takarar João Bernardo Vieira. Bayan zaɓen Vieira, Nhassé ya yi kira ga Carlos Gomes Júnior ya yi murabus a matsayin firaminista; Daga nan ne Gomes Junior ya sha kaye a majalisar bayan da wakilai 14 daga cikin 45 na majalisar dokokin Gomes PAIGC suka fice daga jam’iyyar.

A halin yanzu Nhassé shine Shugaban Jam'iyyar Sulhu ta Ƙasa. Ba ta sami ko da kujera a zaɓen 'yan majalisa na shekarar 2008 ba, kuma ya amince da shan kaye da jam'iyyarsa ta sha.

## Manazarta
Carál Ní Chuilín

**Carál Ní Chuilín** MLA (pronunciation Irish: [kəˈɾɣaːl̪ɣ n̠jiː ˈxɪljiːnj]; an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Disamba 1964), wanda aka fi sani da **Caroline Cullen**,  ɗan siyasan Sinn Féin ne na Irish kuma tsohon mai ba da gudummawa na Irish Republican Army (IRA) wanda ke aiki a matsayin Babban Mataimakin Kakakin Majalisar Dokokin Arewacin Ireland tun 2024. Ta kasance memba na Majalisar Dokokin Arewacin Ireland na Belfast ta Arewa tun 2007 kuma ta yi aiki a cikin Babban Jami'in Arewacin Ireland a matsayin Ministan Al'adu, Fasaha da Nishaɗi har zuwa 2016. A ranar 15 ga Yuni 2020, an nada ta Ministan Al'ummomi na wucin gadi, saboda lafiyar ministan da ya gabata, Deirdre Hargey . 

## Rayuwa ta mutum
An haifi Ní Chuilín kuma ta girma a yankin New Lodge na Belfast .  Ta kammala karatu daga Open University a 1994 tare da BSc a cikin Nazarin Jama'a bayan kammala digiri wanda ta fara yayin da take kurkuku. Daga baya ta sami digiri na biyu a cikin Gudanarwa daga Jami'ar Sarauniya ta Belfast . 

## Ayyukan Jamhuriyar Republican
Ní Chuilín ya kasance mai sa kai a cikin IRA. A shekara ta 1989, an kama ta bayan da ta yi ƙoƙarin sanya bam din a ƙarƙashin ƙofofin tashar Crumlin Royal Ulster Constabulary .  A Kotun Sarauta ta Belfast a shekara mai zuwa, an same ta da laifin mallakar bindiga, mallakar fashewa da niyyar yin barazana ga rayuwa, da kuma yunkurin kisan kai. An yanke wa Ní Chuilín hukuncin shekaru takwas a kurkuku, amma an sake ta bayan shekaru hudu. Ta yi aiki na shekaru goma a matsayin mai tsara Tar Anall, wani aiki ga tsoffin fursunonin jamhuriya.

A cikin 1999, Ní Chuilín na ɗaya daga cikin daraktocin da suka kafa Coiste na nIarchimí, kamfani da aka bayyana a matsayin "kungiyar laima ga ƙungiyoyin taimakon kai na tsoffin fursunoni na jamhuriya a duk faɗin Ireland". An dakatar da kamfanin a cikin 2011 bayan ya kasa samar da asusun, kuma Ní Chuilín ta yi murabus daga matsayinta.

Ní Chuilín ta kasance mai aiki tare da Sinn Féin tun lokacin da aka sake ta daga kurkuku kuma ta wakilci yankin zaɓe na Oldpark a Majalisar Birnin Belfast daga 2005 zuwa 2007, lokacin da Conor Maskey ya maye gurbin ta bayan zaben ta zuwa Majalisar Dokokin Arewacin Ireland. 

## Taron
An zabi Ní Chuilín a 2007 zuwa Majalisar Dokokin Arewacin Ireland a matsayin memba na Sinn Féin na Arewacin Belfast . An sake zabar ta a shekara ta 2011, a ranar 17 ga Mayu 2011 Majalisar ta zabe ta a karkashin Hanyar D'Hondt a matsayin Ministan Al'adu, Fasaha da Nishaɗi.

A wannan matsayin Ní Chuilín ta zama babban wakilin Sinn Féin na farko da ya halarci wasan kwallon kafa na kungiyar da ta shafi kungiyar Northern Ireland, lokacin da ta ci Tsibirin Faroe a Windsor Park a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta 2011, amma ba ta halarta ba har sai bayan wasan Northern Ireland Anthem na "Allah ya ceci Sarauniya", kuma ta yaba da "ainihin kokarin da IFA ta yi don magance ɗarika a wasanninsu".

## Manazarta
Shónagh Ní Raghallaigh

**Shónagh Ní Raghallaigh** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1982/1983) yar siyasan Irish Sinn Féin ce wadda ta kasance Teachta Dála (TD) ta mazabar Kildare ta Kudu tun daga Babban zaben 2024. 

## Farkon rayuwar mutum
Tana da 'ya'ya hudu. Tana magana da harshen Irish sosai. Kafin ta zama TD ta kasance malamar makarantar firamare.

Ní Raghallaigh tana da hannu a cikin County Kildare chapter na Ireland Palestine Solidarity Campaign .  Tana da matsalar Attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD), wanda aka gano ta a matsayin babba.

## Ayyukan siyasa
An zabe ta a zaben Kildare County na 2024 a watan Yunin 2024.  Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara har sai an zabe ta a Dáil a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2024. 

## Ra'ayoyin siyasa
A zaben zuwa Dáil, Ní Raghallaigh ya gaya wa The Irish Times "Yin inganta Gaeilge babban fifiko ne a gare ni. Na yi imanin cewa harshe ba kawai dukiyar al'adu ba ce; kayan aiki ne don haɗi da ainihi kuma ya cancanci makomar gaba mai ƙarfi". Ní Raghallaigh ta bayyana cewa tana ganin Dáil a matsayin "maɓallin dandamali don daidaita Gaeilge da kuma haskaka muhimmancinsa a rayuwar Irish ta zamani" kuma tana so ta "nuna cewa harshe na kowa ne, ko kuna da kyau ko kuma kawai koyo".

Ní Raghallaigh ta kuma gaya wa The Irish Times cewa tana da ADHD kuma tana so ta ba da shawara ga mata da ke neman maganin lafiyar kwakwalwa. An nada ta a matsayin ƙaramar mai magana da yawun Sinn Féin a kan Ilimi na Musamman a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu 2025.

A watan Satumbar 2025 ta soki Danny Healy-Rae saboda maganganun da ya yi game da autism a cikin muhawara ta Dáil. 

## Manazarta
Helder Proença

**Helder Proença** (ya mutu a ranar 5 ga watan Yuni, 2009) ɗan siyasan Guinea-Bissauan ne wanda ya yi ministan tsaro na Guinea-Bissau a lokacin gwamnatin shugaba João Bernardo Vieira. 

A ranar 5 ga watan Yuni, 2009, jami'an tsaron gwamnati sun harbe Proença, wanda memba ne na Majalisar Jama'a ta Ƙasa a lokacin,  suka kashe shi a kan hanya da ta haɗa garin Bula da ke arewacin ƙasar da kuma Bissau, babban birnin Guinea-Bissau.  Baciro Dabó, ɗan siyasa kuma ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na watan Yunin 2009, sojojin gwamnati kuma sun kashe shi a rana ɗaya.  An kuma kama wani ɗan siyasa na uku, tsohon Firayim Minista Faustino Imbali.  An kuma kashe direban Proença da mai tsaron lafiyarsa a harin. 

A cikin wata sanarwa, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida ta  ƙasar Guinea-Bissau ta zargi Proença, Dabó da Embali da kasancewa cikin waɗanda ake zargi da shirya juyin mulkin. 

Kamfanin dillancin labarai na gwamnatin Portugal, Lusa, ya ruwaito cewa an kai gawar Proenca zuwa ɗakin ajiye gawawwaki na Asibitin Simao Mendes da ke Bissau bayan kisansa. 

## Manazarta
Joseph Charles Doumba

**Joseph Charles Doumba** (2 ga watan Fabrairu 1936  – 5 ga watan Maris 2017  ) ɗan siyasa ne na ƙasar Kamaru. An fara naɗa shi a gwamnatin Kamaru a matsayin Ministan Labarai da Al'adu a shekarar 1974, sannan ya zama Ministan Shari'a daga shekarun 1975 zuwa 1979.  Doumba ya kasance Sakatare Janar na Ƙungiyar Dimokuraɗiyya ta Jama'ar Kamaru (Cameroon People's Democratic Movement) (RDPC) daga shekarun 1992 zuwa 2007.

## Sakataren Janar na RDPC
An naɗa Doumba a matsayin Sakatare Janar na RDPC, jam'iyya mai mulki, a ranar 10 ga watan Maris 1992.  An ɗauke shi a matsayin mai biyayya ga Shugaba Paul Biya. 

Doumba da Mataimakin Sakatare Janar na RDPC Gregoire Owona ba su da kyakkyawar alaƙa; a shekarar 2003 an ruwaito cewa ba su da wata tattaunawa tsawon shekaru, kuma an ce Biya yana aiki ne da Owona, yayin da yake watsi da Doumba. Lafiyar Doumba ba ta da kyau a wancan lokacin, kuma sau da yawa yana Faransa don neman magani; ya kuma fuskanci rashin gamsuwa a cikin jam'iyyar saboda ra'ayin cewa ba ya tare da jam'iyyar a matakin gida, kuma an zarge shi da yin watsi da Kwamitin Tsakiya. Jita-jita a watan Mayu na 2003 sun nuna cewa ya yi ƙoƙarin yin murabus amma Biya ya ƙi amincewa da murabus ɗinsa. 

Rashin lafiyar Doumba ta bayyana ne sakamakon wahalar da ya sha a lokacin da yake jawabi a wani babban taro na musamman na RDPC a watan Yulin 2006. Saboda yanayin lafiyarsa, Owona ne ke kula da harkokin jam'iyyar  har sai da Biya, a matsayinsa na Shugaban Jam'iyyar RDPC ta Ƙasa, ya naɗa Rene Sadi don ya maye gurbin Doumba a ranar 4 ga watan Afrilun 2007. A lokaci guda kuma, ya naɗa Doumba a matsayin Jakadan Roving a Fadar Shugaban Ƙasa.  

## Manazarta
Máire Nic an Bhaird

**Máire Nic an Bhaird** (pronunciation Irish: [ˈmɣaːɾjə n̠jəc ə ˈwaːɾɣdj]; Turanci: ; an haife shi a shekara ta 1982) malamin makarantar sakandare ne kuma mai fafutukar yaren Irish daga Dunmurry, County Antrim a Arewacin Ireland .

A ranar 26 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2007 an same ta da laifin aikata laifuka kuma an ci tarar £ 100,  wanda ya samo asali ne daga wani abin da ya faru a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2006 a kudancin Belfast. Ta ci gaba da cewa an kama ta ne saboda yin magana a cikin Irish ga wani jami'in 'yan sanda na Arewacin Ireland (PSNI),  kuma an wanke ta a kan roko a watan Satumbar 2007. 

## Shari'ar kotu
An kama Nic an Bhaird bayan ya bar Gidan jama'a a kan Hanyar Malone a kudancin Belfast tare da abokai bayan dare. Ta shiga cikin rikici tare da jami'an 'yan sanda, wadanda suka yi zargin cewa ta ce ta yi Ti Dream ár lá, Irish don "ranarmu za ta zo", wata magana da ke da alaƙa da goyon bayan jamhuriya ga Sojojin Jamhuriyar Irish na wucin gadi. Nic an Bhaird ta ci gaba da cewa ta ce Ti Dream bhur lá, "ranarku za ta zo", ma'ana "za ku sami damarku".

An dakatar da shari'ar kotu sau da yawa tsakanin Yuni 2006 da Janairu 2007. A bayyanarta ta farko a kotu lauyanta ya bayyana a fili cewa zai yi magana da abokin ciniki a cikin Irish kuma ya gabatar da cewa ya kamata ta sami damar kare shari'arta gaba ɗaya a cikin Irish. Lauyanta yana la'akari a ranar 30 ga Oktoba 2006 ko za a nemi sake dubawa na shari'ar. A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2007, babban majistare ya yanke hukuncin cewa Nic an Bhaird ya sha "babban adadin" barasa, kuma "ya ci gaba da yin magana da jami'an 'yan sanda cikin babbar murya da tashin hankali", kuma yana da laifi na halayyar rikici. An wanke ta ne a kan roko a watan Satumbar shekara ta 2007.

## Girman yaren Irish
Nic an Bhaird 'yar asalin yaren Irish ce kuma ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta yaren Irish ta Belfast, Coláiste Feirste, inda Sinn Féin MEP Bairbre de Brún ta koya mata. Kungiyoyin yaren Irish, ciki har da Na Gaeil Óga ("Young Gaels") wanda Nic an Bhaird memba ne, sun yi Allah wadai da shari'arta a matsayin cin zarafi bisa ga harshe, kuma sun zargi cewa jami'in PSNI da ya kama ta ya kai mata hari.

Ta yi iƙirarin cewa 'yan sanda sun bukaci ta yi magana da Turanci kafin ta sake ta daga tsare bayan an kama ta. Yarjejeniyar Jumma'a Mai Kyau ta samar da wasu masauki na hukuma don harshen Irish a Arewacin Ireland, amma ba a ƙayyade matakin tallafin da ake buƙata ba.

## Dubi kuma

* Siyasa ta harshe
* Kungiyar Celtic

## Manazarta
Liadh Ní Riada

**Liadh Ní Riada** (; born 28 November 1966) is an Irish cultural activist and former Sinn Féin politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the South constituency from 2014 to 2019. She was the Sinn Féin candidate in the 2018 presidential election. , Ní Riada is director of a cultural centre in Ballyvourney, County Cork.

Ta bar Sinn Féin wani lokaci bayan da ta gaza yakin neman zaben shugaban kasa kuma ta zama mai zaman kansa. Ta yi hamayya da zaben Seanad na 2025 a matsayin dan takara mai zaman kanta.

## Ayyukan kafofin watsa labarai da al'adu
Ní Riada tsohuwar furodusa ce ta talabijin kuma darakta kuma ta yi aiki a kan kwamitin da aka ba ta aikin kafa TG4, tashar talabijin ta Harshen Irish. Ta ba da umarni kuma ta samar da shirye-shirye da yawa, kuma ta gudanar da kamfaninta na samar da shekaru da yawa. Ní Riada ta bayyana kanta a matsayin mai sha'awar al'adu da al'adu, kuma ta kasance mai ba da shawara ga haƙƙin yaren Irish.

A watan Yulin 2020, Comharchumann Forbartha Mhúscraí, wani hadin gwiwar ci gaban al'umma na Ballingeary don Muskerry Gaeltacht, ya nada Ní Riada a matsayin jami'in tsara harshe, don ƙarfafa amfani da Irish a yankin. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2020 Sinn Féin ta zabi ta a kwamitin Foras a Gaeilge .  A watan Fabrairun 2022 ta zama darakta na Ionad Cultúrtha an Dochtúir Ó Loingsigh, cibiyar al'adu a Ballyvourney . 

## Ayyukan siyasa
Ní Riada ta shiga siyasa ta fara ne a shekara ta 2011  lokacin da ta shiga Sinn Féin a matsayin jami'in harshen Irish na jam'iyyar, bayan da mijinta na farko Fiachra ya yi wahayi zuwa gare ta don shiga siyasa.  Shekaru uku bayan haka, a cikin 2014, an zabi Ní Riada a matsayin dan takarar Sinn Féin na mazabar Kudu don Zaben Majalisar Tarayyar Turai na 2014.

### Majalisar Tarayyar Turai
Ní Riada ta gudanar da kamfen dinta na 2014 don Majalisar Tarayyar Turai a kan sakon adawa da tsauraran matakai, tana kira ga samar da aiki da kuma kawo karshen tilasta ƙaura daga Ireland. A lokacin yakin, ta kuma wayar da kan jama'a game da karuwar talauci na yara a Ireland, da kuma bukatar sake farfado da yankunan karkara. Ta samu kuri'u 125,309 na farko, na biyu mafi girma daga dukkan 'yan majalisa a Ireland, kuma an zabe ta a karo na huɗu tare da kuri'u 132,590. 

## Manazarta
Maighréad Nic Mhaicín

**Maighréad "Daisy" Nic Mhaicín** (12 Maris 1899 - 1 Janairu 1983) ta kasance mai fassara ta Irish . 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Maighréad Nic Mhaicín a Dunglow, County Donegal a ranar 12 ga Maris 1899. Iyayenta sune John Macken, memba na Royal Irish Constabulary, da Margaret McNamee . Ita ce ta uku cikin yara 9, tare da 'yan'uwa maza huɗu da mata huɗu. An san ta da suna Daisy . Iyalin sun koma Ballymoney, County Antrim, inda Nic Mhaicín ya halarci makarantar firamare. Daga baya iyalin suka koma Belfast, inda ta halarci makaranta tare da 'Yan majami'ar Dominican a kan Falls Road, Belfast . Nic Mhaicín ta sami tallafin karatu don halartar Jami'ar Sarauniya ta Belfast, inda ta yi karatu don BA a cikin yarukan Celtic da Harshen Faransanci, kuma ta ci gaba da samun tallafin karatu zuwa Sorbonne a Paris. A Paris ta yi karatu don MA tare da ƙwarewa a cikin phonetics kuma ta ci gaba da sha'awar Rasha. Ta koma Ireland a farkon shekarun 1920, tana zaune a titin Grafton, Dublin.  

## Ayyuka
Nic Mhaicín ya fara aiki a matsayin malami, ya fara ne a Wolverhampton sannan kuma tare da 'yan'uwa mata masu tsarki a titin Leeson, Dublin. Ba ta jin daɗin koyarwa ba, ta zaɓi ba da darussan sirri a maimakon haka yayin da ta fara aiki a matsayin mai fassara. Ta zama memba na kulob din jamhuriya, tana ganawa akai-akai da wasu mata masu irin wannan siyasa da nata ciki har da Catalina Bulfin, Róisín Ní Dhochartaigh, da Caitlín Nic Lochlainn a wani gida a 21 Dawson Street .  Babban ɗan'uwanta, Bernard, an tsare shi a Frongoch na ɗan lokaci.

A shekara ta 1932, ta yi tafiya zuwa Rasha a karo na farko don aiki a matsayin mai fassara. A ziyararta ta biyu a 1935, ta auri Padraic Breslin wanda ɗan ƙasar USSR ne wanda aka haife shi a Landan ga iyayen Irish kuma wanda ke aiki a ofishin fassara. Ita ce matarsa ta biyu. Lokacin da take tsammanin ɗanta na farko a 1938, Nic Mhaicín yana son a haifi jaririn a Ireland, don haka ta yi tafiya zuwa Belfast. An haifi 'yarta, Anna Maighréad, a ranar 8 ga Yuni. Gwamnatin Soviet ba za ta ba ta izinin komawa USSR ba, ko kuma ta ba Breslin biza don barin, wanda ke nufin cewa ba ta sake ganin mijinta ba. Ya mutu a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu a sansanin Volgolag Gulag, kusa da Kazan Yuni 1942 . 

## Manazarta
James Nowlan

**James Nowlan** (1862 - Yuni 1924) ya kasance shugaban Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) daga 1901 zuwa 1921 kuma shine shugaban da ya fi dadewa a wannan kungiyar. Ya kuma kasance wakilin Sinn Féin kuma memba na Gaelic League . A shekara ta 2009, an ambaci sunansa a cikin jerin sunayen Sunday Tribune na 125 Mafi Manyan Mutane A Tarihin GAA. 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Nowlan a Monasterevin, County Kildare a 1862 kuma an jera shi a cikin cocin yankin kamar yadda ake yin baftisma a Cowpasture, Monasterevi a ranar 25 ga Mayu 1862. Mahaifinsa, Patrick Nowlan, memba ne na farko na Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) kuma abokin James Stephens .  Patrick Nowlan ya kasance mai ba da gudummawa daga garin Kilkenny kuma mai yiwuwa ya ƙaura daga can don yin aiki a Cassidy's Whiskey a Monasterevin. James Nowlan ya kuma horar da shi a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa.  

## Ayyuka
Nowlan ya kasance memba na *[[Conradh a Gaeilge]]*, mai goyon bayan rayuwarsa na farfado da Harshen Irish kuma mai goyon bayan Sinn Féin tun daga kafuwarta a 1905. A shekara ta 1898, an zabe shi a matsayin alderman na Kamfanin Kilkenny . Ya yi amfani da lokacinsa a wannan matsayi don taimakawa wajen inganta GAA, wanda aka kafa shekaru 14 da suka gabata kuma sabon kungiya ne a lokacin.

## Mutuwa da gado
Nowlan ya mutu a watan Yunin 1924 a tsakiyar shekarunsa na 70. Nowlan Park, filin wasa na GAA a asalinsa Kilkenny, an sake masa suna don girmama shi shekaru uku bayan haka. An binne shi a makabartar Glasnevin. Babu wani dutse a kan kabarinsa har zuwa 2013 lokacin da GAA ta gina gicciye na Celtic. A watan Satumbar 2016 GAA ta bayyana sabon kofin da ake kira James Nowlan Cup da za a gabatar da shi ga All-Ireland under-21 hurling champions.

## Manazarta
Micheál Ó Ló公

**Micheál Ó Ló公** (1836 - 1899) marubuci ne na Irish-Amurka, editan mujallar, kuma malami a Makarantun Katolika na Birnin New York. Yayinda yake zaune a matsayin wani ɓangare na Irish diaspora a Amurka, Ó Ló公 ya zama ɗaya daga cikin masu motsawa a bayan farkon Farfadowar Gaelic kuma a madadin kiyayewa da koyar da Harshen Irish a waje da Ireland. Ya kafa duka Philo-Celtic Society da kuma na farko na lokaci-lokaci wanda wallafe-wallafen zamani a cikin Irish ke da babban matsayi. Saboda haka, kokarin farfado da harshe na Irish da sauran yarukan Celtic da ke fuskantar barazana ya dogara sosai da dabarun da Ó Ló公 ya taimaka wa majagaba kuma suna cikin abubuwan da ya gada. 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Ó Ló公 a ranar 29 ga Satumba 1836 a Curraghderry, Milltown, County Galway . Wataƙila mahaifiyarsa mai magana da yaren Irish ce. Ó Ló公 da kansa ya iya magana da harshen Irish da Ingilishi. Wataƙila ya fara halartar makarantar hedge na gida lokacin da yake dan shekara tara, har zuwa 1854. 

## Rayuwa a Amurka
Ya yi hijira zuwa Amurka kuma yana iya samun aikinsa na farko a matsayin malami a 1870.  A shekara ta 1872 ya rubuta wasiƙu ga The Irish World, wata mujallar Irish-Amurka, yana ba da shawarar "mahimmancin adana harshen Irish don adana ƙasar Irish" kuma yana ba da shawara cewa a kafa ɗalibai da al'ummomi don cimma wannan. A wannan shekarar shi da kansa ya kafa ajin yaren Irish na "Philo-Celtic" don manya a Makarantar Katolika a Brooklyn inda ya koyar. Daga wannan ya fito da Philo-Celtic Society of Boston, sannan surorinta a Brooklyn da Manhattan.

A cikin 1881 Ó Ló公 ya kafa An *Gaodhal*, mujallar harsuna biyu ta Philo-Celtic Society. Ya kasance har zuwa 1904 kuma an farfado da shi lokaci-lokaci bayan haka, har sai an kafa magaji, gaba ɗaya a cikin Irish kuma ana kiransa *Wani Gael*, a cikin 2009. Ó Ló公 ya rubuta yarjejeniya mai kyau ga An *Gaodhal*, ana bayyana salon sa a matsayin mai rai da rikici.

Tsakanin 1878 da 1899 an kafa surori na Philo-Celtic Society a duk faɗin Amurka, kodayake Ó Ló公y ya ƙara rashin gamsuwa da hanyar da suka ba da fifiko ga ayyukan zamantakewa a kan kuɗin harshen Irish.

A shekara ta 1891 sanannen masanin farfadowa na Gaelic Douglas Hyde ya ziyarci Amurka. Ya ziyarci ajin Philo-Celtic a cikin Bowery kuma ya same shi cike da masu magana da harshen Irish. Abin da ya gani a can na iya rinjayar shi lokacin da ya taimaka wajen gano Gaelic League a Ireland a shekara ta 1893.

## Mutuwa da gado
Ó Ló公 ya mutu a shekara ta 1899 kuma an binne shi a Kabari na Holy Cross, Brooklyn . 

A cikin 1999, an yi bikin cika shekaru ɗari na mutuwar Ó Lócháin a ƙasarsa ta Milltown, don girmama harshen Irish na ƙauyen a da. 1999 kuma ta yi bikin cika shekaru ɗari na ɗan'uwan Ó Lócháin ɗan'uwan Milltown da fitaccen Gael, Liam Beirne 's, naɗawa a matsayin firist.

Wannan taron ya hada da Mass a cikin Irish a cikin Ikilisiyar St. Joseph, Milltown wanda daga bisani ya biyo bayan ceilidh da mawaƙa na gargajiya na Irish suka yi. Daga nan ne mai ba da labari game da rayuwar Ó Ló公, Fionnuala Uí Fhlannagáin, ya ba da lacca, wanda ya bayyana shi a matsayin mai gabatarwa na ƙungiyar yaren Irish a Amurka.

## Manazarta
James McDyer

**James McDyer** (1910-1987) ya kasance Firist na Katolika na Irish kuma mai fafutuka don haƙƙin marasa galihu da yankunan karkara na Ireland. 

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi McDyer, ƙarami cikin yara bakwai, a Kilraine a Glenties, County Donegal, a ranar 14 ga Satumba 1910. Ya halarci makarantar Glenties National School kafin ya tafi Kwalejin St Eunan, Letterkenny . A cikin 1930, ya ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin St. Patrick, Maynooth don yin karatu don firist. An naɗa shi a ranar 20 ga Yuni 1937. Ya yi aiki a matsayin firist a London a lokacin Blitz, a Wandsworth da Kent,  kuma a baya a Donegal a Tsibirin Tory daga 1947. 

A shekara ta 1951, an nada shi zuwa Glencolmcille a cikin Donegal Gaeltacht (gundumar yaren Irish), inda ya haɓaka kayan aikin al'umma (a lokacin da yankin ba shi da wutar lantarki) kuma ya goyi bayan shirye-shirye don dakatar da faduwar yankin, ta hanyar haɓaka masana'antu na gida da ƙauyen jama'a da gidan kayan gargajiya. Ya kasance Canon na Cocin a lokacin da ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1986. Ya mutu a cikin barcinsa a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba 1987.

## Haɗin waje

* Shigar da McDyer a cikin Dictionary of Irish BiographyKalmomin Tarihin Irish
D. P. Moran

**David Patrick Moran** (Irish; 22 Maris 1869 - 31 Janairu 1936), wanda aka fi sani da **D. P. Moran**, ɗan jaridar Irish ne, mai fafutuka kuma masanin al'adu da siyasa, wanda aka fi saninsa da babban mai ba da shawara game da ƙin yarda da ƙasar Gaelic Katolika ta Irish a farkon karni na 20. Yana da alaƙa da Celtic Revival, ya inganta ra'ayoyinsa da farko ta hanyar mujallarsa, The Leader, da kuma tattara labaransa kamar littafin The Philosophy of Irish Ireland .

An haife shi a Manor, wani gari a Waterford, ƙarami ne cikin yara ashirin da aka haifa wa James Moran, mai ginawa, da Elizabeth (née Casey) Moran .   Ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwansa zai yi aiki a cikin ƙungiyar tsaro ta Patrick O'Donnell.

Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Castleknock, kusa da Dublin kafin ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida a London, inda ya kasance memba na Irish Literary Society . Alamar kishin kasa da ra'ayinsa game da mulkin mallaka na Ireland ya kasance na al'ummar Irish da Roman Katolika, yana inganta farfadowa da Harshen Irish da Wasannin Gaelic a rayuwar al'adun Irish. Sau da yawa yana amfani da kalmomi masu banƙyama ("West Brits", "shoneens", "sources") dangane da Unionists da / ko wadanda ba Katolika ba.

## Irish da Ireland
Duk da gazawar Dokar Gudanar da Gida ta 1893 da rarrabuwar Jam'iyyar Majalisar Dokokin Irish a 1891, 'yan kasa sun dauki zuciya daga jawabin Douglas Hyde na 1892, mai taken "The Necessity for De-anglicising Ireland". Moran ya gina a kan wannan rubutun kuma ya ba da akidar da ta fi dacewa ga masu sha'awar, musamman bayan sake haɗuwa da yawancin jam'iyyun kasa daga 1900.

A cikin rubutunsa na 1905 The Philosophy of Irish-Ireland, Moran ya yi jayayya cewa ya zama Irish ana buƙatar:

* amfani da Harshen Irish 
* memba a cikin Cocin Roman Katolika
* ra'ayi mai adawa da abin duniya game da rayuwa
* wasa na Wasannin Gaelic kawai 

Kodayake mai tallafawa amfani da Irish, bai taɓa zama mai iya magana da harshen ba. Ya jaddada amfani da Turanci a cikin 1908-1909 a matsayin "farfaganda mai aiki, mai faɗakarwa, da rashin tausayi a cikin harshen Ingilishi. " A cikin dogon lokaci, lokacin da Irish ya sake zama harshen mutane, amfani da shi zai ba da damar tantancewa na zahiri na duk wani ra'ayi na waje da ba a yarda da shi ba da aka rubuta a Turanci.

Duk da yake Moran ya yi jayayya cewa ra'ayin 'Gael' shine wanda zai iya daidaita wasu, ya kuma ji cewa zai zama da wahala idan ba zai yiwu ba ga membobin Ikilisiyar Ireland waɗanda suka kasance Unionists su taɓa cancanta a matsayin Irish, kasancewar 'baƙi masu zama'. Wannan ya kai ga wallafe-wallafen Anglo-Irish. Ya ki amincewa da Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Abbey kuma ya yi tambaya game da ƙwarewar Yeats. Ya taɓa yin magana game da tasirin da Moran ya yi iƙirarin cewa Burtaniya ta yi amfani da shi a kan jami'o'in Irish, yana mai cewa: *"Dukanmu [[The Pale|Ma'aikata]] ne Yanzu"*. A cikin al'amarin bambance-bambance na addini, Daniel O'Connell ya ce a cikin 1826 cewa 'Romawa Katolika na Ireland al'umma ce'. Moran ya wuce wannan, yana tabbatarwa a cikin 1901 cewa '... al'ummar Irish a zahiri al'ummar Katolika ce'. Moran ya kasance mai tsananin adawa da 'yancin mata.

## Manazarta
Ola Majekodunmi

**Ola Majekodunmi** listeniis mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen Najeriya-Irish, marubuci, furodusa da Gaeilgeoir.

## Ayyuka
Majekodunmi ya fara gabatar da shirin rediyo tare da Raidió na Life a cikin 2014, yana gabatar da Seinnliosta an tShairn kuma daga baya *Afra-Éire* .  Ita ce mai ba da gudummawa akai-akai a wasu shirye-shiryen rediyo a kan RTÉ Radio 1, RTÉ Raidió a Gaeltachta, RTE 2XM">RTE 2FM, RTÉ 3XM, BBC Radio Ulster, BBC Radio Foyle da BBC Radio 1Xtra . Har ila yau, tana nunawa a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa a talabijin tare da RTÉ, TG4 da BBC. Har ila yau, tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu ba da gudummawa ga kwasfan fayiloli na Motherfoclóir wanda Darach Ó Séaghdha ya shirya. An zabi ta ne don Kyautar Media ta Kasa a cikin rukunin Iriseo tríireacht da kuma Kyautar Kyautar Dalibai ta Ireland a cikin rukunin feachtas na Gaeilge . Ta kasance MC na Dance Zone a Ranar Afirka ta 2018 a Dublin.  Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin baƙi da aka nuna a kan RTÉ Radio 1 show *[[Panti]]*, wanda Panti ya shirya.

A cikin 2018, Majekodunmi ya ba da umarnin gajeren fim din What does Irishness Look Like? , wanda ya bincika batutuwan da ke kewaye da nuna bambanci da asalin ƙasa a Ireland. Ita ce co-kafa Beyond Representation, wanda ke neman hadawa da kuma yin bikin mata masu launi a Ireland. Majekodunmi ya yi magana game da batutuwan da suka shafi wariyar launin fata a Ireland, da kuma game da matsalolin da ke cikin Irish da suka shafi baƙar fata.  

A watan Nuwamba 2020 an nada Majekodunmi a cikin kwamitin Foras a Gaeilge na tsawon shekaru hudu. 

A cikin 2022, ta fara gabatar da sabon wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa, 'Unheard' a kan RTÉ 2XM wanda ke nuna masu zane-zane da Gaelach.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
An haifi Majekodunmi a Legas, Najeriya . Ta koma Dublin, Ireland tare da iyalinta a shekarar 1997, lokacin da take da wata bakwai. Majekodunmi ya halarci makarantun Irish, Gaelscoil Lios na nÓg da Coláiste Íosagáin . Tana da digiri a Turanci, Media da Al'adu  da kuma MA a Digital Broadcast Production, duka daga Cibiyar Dún Laoghaire ta Fasaha, Zane da Fasaha. 

## Manazarta
Tadhg Mac Dhonnagáin

**Tadhg Mac Dhonnagáin** marubuci ne, mawaƙi kuma mai bugawa, asalinsa daga Aghamore, County Mayo a Ireland .

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife shi a shekara ta 1961 kuma ya yi karatu a St Louis Community School, Kiltimagh, ya kammala karatu daga Kwalejin St Patrick, Dublin, a shekarar 1982. Ya koyar a County Kildare na tsawon shekaru biyar a Gaelscoil Uí Dhálaigh, makarantar firamare ta Irish a Leixlip . A shekara ta 1984, an gayyaci Mac Dhonnagáin don gabatar da shirin yara *[[Dilín ó Deamhas|Dilín ko Deamhas]]* a gidan talabijin na RTÉ  kuma a shekara ta 1987 ya bar koyarwa don ya zama mai gabatarwa / mai ba da rahoto a kan shirin fasahar Harshen Irish, *[[Cúrsaí]]* . A cikin 1995, fitowar zane-zane na mako-mako na wasan kwaikwayon *[[Cúrsaí Ealaíne]]* ya fara fitowa, tare da Mac Dhonnagáin tare da gabatar da shi. Cúrsaí Ealaíne ta lashe lambar yabo ta Irish Film and Television Awards a shekara ta 2000 don mafi kyawun jerin shirye-shiryen TV.

Mac Dhonnagáin, mai kunna guitar kuma mawaƙi, ya kuma rubuta kundi biyu yayin da yake zaune a Dublin: *[[Solas Gorm]]*, tarin harshe-in-cheek blues, da Raift domés san Underground,  tarin a cikin Irish da Ingilishi.

Da ƙirƙirar TG4 a shekarar 1996 da kuma haɓakar masana'antar talabijin ta harshen Irish a Yammacin Ireland, Mac Dhonnagáin ya koma gida a Conamara Gaeltacht a shekarar 2000, inda ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai zaman kansa a matsayin mai rubuta fina-finai, musamman kyaututtukan fina-finai da talabijin na Irish  da kuma bikin Celtic Media Festival,  shirin wasan kwaikwayo na matasa mai lambar yabo Aifric . An yi wa shirin lakabi da kuma watsa shi a harsuna bakwai a duk duniya.

## Mawallafi da mai bugawa
Mac Dhonnagáin shine marubucin littattafai da yawa da suka lashe lambar yabo, gami da *Gugalaí Gug!*  tarin CD / littafi na gargajiya na yara daga al'adar Conamara, wanda aka ba da lambar yabo ta zinariya a cikin 2013. Littafinsa, Madame Lazare, ya lashe kyautar 'Littafin Harshen Irish na Shekara' a 2021 Irish Book Awards . 

Tarihin rayuwarsa na wallafe-wallafen ga manya na Antaine Ó Raiftearaí, Mise Raiftearaï an Fíodóir Focal,  an ba shi kyautar Gradam Uí Shúilleabháin, littafin harshen Irish na shekara, 2015.  Aikin ya fara rayuwa a matsayin rubutun wasan kwaikwayo, don talabijin na TG4, wanda Mac Dhonnagáin ya gabatar. Fim din, Mise Raiftearaí an Fíodóir Focal, wanda Lé Irlande Sónta ta samar, an watsa shi a kan TG4 a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2010.

'Bliain na nAmhrán', tarin waƙoƙi don yara, wanda aka buga a cikin littafi / CD,  ya lashe lambar yabo ta girmamawa ta Littattafan Yara na Ireland a Kyautar Littafin Yara na Shekara, 2017. 

Mac Dhonnagáin kuma shine mai mallakar / darektan gidan wallafe-wallafen littafi, Futa Fata, wanda ke bugawa a cikin manyan kayan yara. Kamfanin yana da littattafai sama da 100 a bugawa, haɗin aikin da marubuta da masu zane-zane na Irish suka samo asali da kuma fassarorin ciki daga Faransanci, Jamusanci da Ingilishi. Futa Fata kuma tana sayar da haƙƙin wallafe-wallafen asali a duniya; an buga littafinta a cikin harsuna goma sha ɗaya a duk faɗin duniya.

## Manazarta
Micheál Breathnach

**Micheál Breathnach** (1881 - 27 ga Oktoba 1908) marubuci ne na Irish.

## Farkon rayuwa
An haifi Breathnach a Cois Fharraige, County Galway, kuma ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin Sakataren reshen London na Gaelic League . Daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Kwalejin Connaught a Toormakeady, County Mayo . Ya shafe lokaci a Switzerland don inganta lafiyarsa, an buga asusunsa na ƙasar a cikin *[[An Claidheamh Soluis|Wani Claidheamh Soluis]]*, kuma daga baya aka buga shi a matsayin Seilig i__hau____hau____hau__ na nAlp . Ya fassara littafin Charles Kickham, *Knocknagow* zuwa Irish.

Ana tunawa da sunansa da sunan kungiyar G.A.A. ta Inverin, Michael Breathnach CLG .

## Bayanan littattafai

* *Matakala a hÉireann*, Dublin, Conradh a Gaeilge, 1910-11
* *Sliocht na sgribhinuibh Mhicil Bhreathbag, na Bheathaibh*, Tomás Mac Dómhnaill na sgriobh, 1913
* Lokaci da kuma lokacin da aka yi a cikin Alp Dublin, 1917
* *Cnoch na nGabha* Dublin, 1924

## Dubi kuma
* Breathnach

## Manazarta
Jean-Baptiste Baskouda

**Jean-Baptiste Baskouda** (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Agusta 1957) ɗan siyasa ne ɗan ƙasar Kamaru ne wanda ya yi aiki a Majalisar Dattawan ƙasar Kamaru tun daga shekarar 2013. Ya kasance Sakataren Harkokin Gudanar da Yankuna daga shekarun 1985 zuwa 1988 sannan daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Darakta na Majalisar Ministocin Fadar Shugaban Ƙasar Kamaru.  Daga baya, an naɗa shi Sakatare Janar na Ma'aikatar Aiki da Tsaron Jama'a a ranar 26 ga watan Janairu 2005. 

A watan Mayun 2013, Shugaba Paul Biya ya naɗa Baskouda a matsayin sabon Sanata a Majalisar Dattawa. Yana ɗaya daga cikin sanatoci 30 da suka sami kujerunsu ta hanyar naɗin shugaban ƙasa; sauran sanatoci 70 an zaɓe su a kaikaice. Paul Biya ya naɗa sanatoci uku ga kowane yanki, kuma Baskouda yana ɗaya daga cikin ukun da suka fito daga Yankin Arewa Mai Nisa.  Lokacin da aka zaɓi Ofishin Majalisar Dattawa a ranar 12 ga watan Yuni 2013, Baskouda ya karɓi muƙamin Quaestor. 

## Manazarta
Come Mankasse

**Come Mankasse** ɗan takara ne a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Congo na shekarar 2002 wanda ya tsaya takara a jam'iyyar Republican ta Congo.  Ya sami kashi 1.25% na ƙuri'un. 

## Manazarta
Tadhg Ó Donnchadha

**Tadhg Ó Donnchadha** (1874 - 1949) marubuci ne na Irish, mawaki, edita, mai fassara kuma fitaccen memba na Gaelic League (*Conradh a Gaeilge*) da Gaelic Athletic Association . Ya kasance editan *Irisleabhar na Gaedhilge* (The Gaelic Journal), Farfesa na Irish a Kwalejin Jami'ar Cork da Dean na Faculty of Celtic Studies.

## Rayuwa
An haife shi a Carrignavar, County Cork, wanda yanki ne na Irish, kuma ya yi karatu a can da kuma Kwalejin Horar da Malamai ta St Patrick, Drumcondra, Dublin. A shekara ta 1901 ya zama editan jaridar yaren Irish *Banba*, kuma ya zama edita na yaren Irish na *[[Freeman's Journal|Jaridar Freeman]]* . A shekara mai zuwa ya kuma zama editan *Irisleabhar na Gaedhilge* (The Gaelic Journal). Ya rubuta a karkashin sunan **Torna**, bayan Torna Éices .

Tare da Máire Ní Chinnéide, Seán Ó Ceallaigh, da Séamus Ó Braonáin ya tsara dokoki na farko don sabon wasan camogie a cikin 1903. Ya kuma kirkiro sunan wasan, wanda ya fito ne daga sandar da aka yi amfani da ita, wanda ake kira camán . 

## Kyauta
Ya mutu a ranar 23 ga Oktoba 1949 kuma an binne shi a Cathedral na Saint Fin Barre a Cork . Wadanda suka halarci jana'izarsa sun hada da Éamon de Valera . The Southern Star ya bayyana shi a matsayin "wanda aka amince da shi na marubutan waƙoƙin Irish, mafi tausayi kuma mafi rashin girman kai na Corkmen, babban Tórna, wanda aka ji sunansa a ko'ina ana samun masu karatun Irish a gida ko a kasashen waje".

## Manazarta
Issa Sanogo

**Issa Sanogo** (an haife shi a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 1971) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Burkinabe. Ya buga wasanni uku a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ta Burkina Faso a shekara ta 2000.  An kuma sanya shi cikin tawagar Burkina Faso don gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afirka ta 2000.  

## Nassoshi
Maria Laice

**Maria Laice** 'yar siyasa ce 'yar ƙasar Mozambique. A shekarar 1977, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ruƙunin mata na farko da aka zaɓa a Majalisar Jama'a.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Laice ta kasance 'yar takarar a jam'iyyar FRELIMO a zaɓen 'yan majalisa na shekarar 1977,   inda ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ruƙunin farko na mata 27 da aka zaɓa a Majalisar Jama'a.

## Manazarta
Rui Alberto de Figueiredo Soares

**Rui Alberto de Figueiredo Soares** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1956) ɗan siyasan Cape Verde ne. Figueiredo Soares yayi aiki a matsayin ministan harkokin wajen Cape Verde a ƙarƙashin shugaba António Mascarenhas Monteiro daga ranar 12 ga 5 watan Agusta 1999 - 2002. An zaɓe shi a majalisar dokoki ta ƙasa  daga São Vicente ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar Movement for Democracy a zaɓen 'yan majalisa na shekarar 2006. 

## Manazarta
Harshen Kurame na Chiangmai

**Harshen Kurame na Chiangmai** (wanda kuma aka sani da Tsoho ko Asalin Harshen Kurame na Chiangmai) yaren kurame ne na al'ummar Thailand wanda ya samo asali daga kurame waɗanda suka yi ƙaura zuwa Chiang Mai don aiki ko iyali. Yaren ya mutu, inda aka haifi duk masu magana kafin 1960. Matasa sun koma Yaren Kurame na Thai .

## Manazarta
Harshen Kurame na Ruwa

**Harshen Alamar Maritime** ( **MSL** ; French   ) harshen kurame ne da ake amfani da shi a lardunan Atlantic na Kanada .

Harshen Kurame na Teku ya samo asali ne daga Harshen Kurame na Burtaniya   ta hanyar haɗuwar al'ummomin kurame daga Arewa maso Gabashin Amurka da Burtaniya waɗanda suka yi ƙaura zuwa Kanada a ƙarni na 18 da 19.  Har zuwa tsakiyar ƙarni na 20, shine mafi girman nau'in harshen kurame a cikin Maritimes da harshen koyarwa a Makarantar Kurame ta Halifax (1857–1961) da Hukumar Ilimi ta Musamman ta Lardin Atlantic da ke Amherst, Nova Scotia (1961–1995).  

Ana maye gurbin MSL da Harshen Kurame na Amurka (ASL), don haka nan da shekarar 2020, MSL ta kasance mafi yawan iyakance ga tsofaffi masu kurame a Maritime.  Matasan tsararraki suna da ilimin ASL kuma ba su da ilimin MSL da kuma rashin girmamawa ga MSL, yayin da wasu daga cikin tsofaffin tsararraki ke ci gaba da kasancewa masu biyayya ga MSL.  Ba a san adadin masu magana da MSL ba kuma an kiyasta cewa sun yi ƙasa da 100 a shekarar 2009;  yawancinsu sun taru a Nova Scotia, wasu a New Brunswick, yayin da kusan babu wanda ake tunanin ya rage a Newfoundland da Labrador (uku ne kawai aka ce suna wanzuwa) ko kuma Tsibirin Prince Edward.  ASL da MSL sun 'haɗu' a yankin.  An nuna cewa ASL tana tasiri ga ƙamus da nahawun MSL; misali, saboda asalin haruffan hannu na BANZSL mai hannu biyu ba a amfani da su a Maritimes  kuma an maye gurbinsu da haruffan hannu na Amurka mai hannu ɗaya, an haɓaka alamun kalmomi daga rubutun yatsa ɗaya.  

Albarkatu (ilimi, fassarar, da sauransu) ga masu magana da MSL ba su da yawa, amma tallafin da aka bai wa Ƙungiyar Al'adu ta Nova Scotia ta kurame ya samar da kaset ɗin VHS waɗanda ke nuna harshen, kuma a cikin shekarun 2010 an fara wani aiki don rubuta sunayen wurare a Atlantic Canada a cikin MSL da ASL, wanda ya haifar da taswira ta yanar gizo mai hulɗa. 

An yi rikodin yaren a cikin wani fim ɗin gaskiya na 2017, *Halifax Explosion: The Deaf Experience*, kuma an kwatanta shi da ASL da tasirin barkwanci a cikin wani labari da aka yi a bikin Sound Off Theatre na 2019 da aka yi a Edmonton game da wani ɗan ƙasar Nova Scotian da wani ɗan ƙasar Amurka da ke tafiya a Gabashin Kanada. 

## Manazarta
Tsohon Harshen Kurame na Bangkok

**Harshen Alamar Bangkok** (wanda kuma aka sani da **Tsohuwa** ko **Harshen Alamar Bangkok na asali** ; Thai     ) harshe ne na kurame da al'umma ta Thailand wadda ta taso a tsakanin kurame waɗanda suka yi ƙaura zuwa Bangkok don aiki ko iyali. Harshen ya mutu, inda aka haifi duk masu magana kafin 1960. Matasa sun koma Yaren Kurame na Thai, wanda da alama ya samo asali ne daga gaurayen Old Bangkok SL da Yaren Kurame na Amurka .

## Manazarta
Fatim Badjie

**Fatim Badjie** (an haife ta a ranar 13 ga watan Nuwamba, 1983) 'yar kasuwa ce 'yar ƙasar Gambia, ƙwararriya kuma masaniya a fannin sadarwa, kuma abokiyar haɓaka ababen more rayuwa wacce ta yi aiki a fannoni daban-daban a ɓangaren masu zaman kansu na ƙasar. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Fatim Badjie a kusan shekarar 1982 a Banjul, kuma 'yar Dembo M. Badjie ce, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin jakadiyar Gambia a Saliyo, Indiya da China. Ita 'yar ƙabilar Jola ce. Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Gambia, inda ta sami ilimin farko. Daga nan ta ci gaba da karatunta a Belgium. Daga baya ta yi karatun gaba da sakandare a Jami'ar Jihar Tennessee da ke Amurka, inda ta sami digiri na farko a fannin Sadarwa.  Daga baya kuma ta yi digiri na biyu a fannin Fasaha (BA) a fannin Sadarwa daga Jami'ar Manchester. 

## Sana'a
An ɗauke ta aiki a Comium Gambia, wani kamfanin GSM, a matsayin babbar jami'ar sadarwa. A watan Maris na shekarar 2008 aka naɗa ta Ministar Sadarwa, Bayanai da Fasahar Bayanai, inda ta maye gurbin Neneh Macdouall-Gaye.  A lokacin, ita ce mafi karancin shekaru da aka taɓa naɗawa a majalisar ministocin Gambia. An kore ta daga muƙamin a watan Fabrairu na shekarar 2009. Daga baya aka naɗa ta Ministar Lafiya da Jin Daɗin Jama'a, muƙamin da ta riƙe daga watan Fabrairu na shekarar 2011 zuwa watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2012.  Ta kasance memba a kungiyar sorority ta Sigma Gamma Rho tun daga shekarar 2003.

## Babban Jami'in Sadarwa na Ace (ACE)
Badjie ita ce wacce ta kafa kuma Babbar Jami'ar Gudanarwa (Shugaba) ta Ace Communications Executive (ACE) **,** wani kamfanin ba da shawara kan harkokin sadarwa, horarwa, da hulɗa da jama'a da jama'a da ta kafa a watan Maris a shekarar 2009.  A cikin wani labari mai kayatarwa game da tafiyarta ta kasuwanci, Badjie ta bayyana cewa ta ba da kuɗin ACE gaba ɗaya daga kuɗin shiga da tanadin da ta yi a shekarar 2009.  

Bayan ci gaban Ace Communications Executive (ACE), Badjie ta faɗaɗa aikinta zuwa haɓaka gidaje da sauƙaƙe saka hannun jari bayan ta kafa haɗin gwiwa da Swami India International  don haɓaka harabar farko mafi girma a Gambia, *The Diplomat* 

## Khidra Developments - ta ACE Communications Executive
Badjie ta faɗaɗa aikinta zuwa ga haɓaka gidaje da sauƙaƙe saka hannun jari ta hanyar kafa Khidra Developments, wani reshe na ACE. An ƙirƙiri Khidra Developments don cike gibin dabarun da ke tsakanin ɓangaren kadarori masu tasowa na Gambia ta hanyar haɗa masu haɓaka gidaje da ayyuka masu inganci da haɗa masu zuba jari zuwa damammaki, ayyuka, da kayayyakin more rayuwa da ke kewaye da su. 

Ta hanyar Khidra Developments, Badjie ta ci gaba da mai da hankali kan ƙarfafa tsarin kula da kadarori, dangantakar masu zuba jari, da kuma isar da ayyuka masu ɗorewa a cikin kasuwar gidaje da ke faɗaɗa a ƙasar. 

## Manazarta
Harshe na Kurame na Oneida

**Harshen Alamar Oneida** ( **OSL** ) harshe ne da aka farfaɗo da shi wanda ya samo asali daga Magana ta Hannu wanda aka haɗa shi da Harshen Alamar Amurka da kuma harshen Oneida na baki. Tare da Elder Olive Elm, Dattawan Kurame a cikin Turtle da Bear Clans—Marsha da Max Ireland, bi da bi, na Oneida Nation of the Thames —sun yi aiki tun daga 2016 don ginawa da tallafawa ci gaban OSL.   

## Duba kuma

* Harshen Kurame na Amurka
* Tattaunawar Alamun Filaye

## Manazarta
Germaine Kouméalo Anaté

**Germaine Kouméalo Anaté** (an haife ta a ranar 15 ga watan Yuni, 1968 a Kazaboua, a yankin Sotouboua) minista ce ta gwamnatin Togo, Malama kuma marubuciya. A ranar 17 ga watan Satumba, 2013 aka naɗa ta Ministar Sadarwa, Al'adu, Fasaha da Ilimin Jama'a a gwamnatin Kwesi Ahoomey-Zunu1.  Ta riƙe muƙamin Shugabar Ma'aikata na Ma'aikatar Ilimi Mai Girma da Bincike ta ƙasar Togo kafin a ɗaukaka ta zuwa minista. Tana da digirin digirgir a Kimiyyar Bayanai da Sadarwa a Jami'ar Bordeaux III da ke ƙasar Faransa, malamar makaranta ce kuma farfesa a bincike a wannan fanni a jami'o'in Lomé da Kara. Anaté' ita ce Shugabar Ƙungiyar Marubuta ta Togo (AET) kuma marubuciya ce ta littattafai da dama.

## Manazarta
Maphoka Motoboli

**Maphoka Motoboli** 'yar siyasa ce a ƙasar Lesotho.

Motoboli memba ce ta Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa ta Lesotho,   majalisar da ke ƙarƙashin Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasar Lesotho.

Motoboli ta kasance Mataimakiya ga Ministan Ilimi. 

## Duba kuma

* Siyasar Lesotho

## Manazarta
Pratibha Mutsuddi

**Pratibha Mutsuddi** (an haife ta a ranar 16 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1935)  masanin kimiyya ne kuma mai fafutukar harshe na Bangladesh .  Ta shiga cikin Yunkurin yaren Bengali a shekarar 1952.  Ta yi aiki a matsayin darakta da kuma shugaban Kumudini Welfare Trust, wani tushe na jin dadin da Ranadaprasad Saha ya kafa a shekarar 1947.  Gwamnatin Bangladesh ta ba ta kyautar Ekushey Padak a shekara ta 2002 saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga ilimi.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haife ta ne a ƙauyen Mohamuni Pahartali a Chittagong, Indiya ta Burtaniya, 'yar lauya Kiron Bikash Mutsuddy da matarsa Shaila Bala Mutsuddy; tana ɗaya daga cikin yara tara. Mutsuddi ya yi karatu a Cibiyar Mahamuni Anglo Pali . Bayan ta sami ilimin farko a makarantun gida, ta ci gaba zuwa Makarantar 'yan mata ta Gwamnatin Dr. Khastagir, Chittagong, inda ta wuce jarrabawar matriculation a 1951 ta ci gaba da zuwa Kwalejin Chittagong.  Ta fara karatu don digiri a Tattalin Arziki,  Ta wuce jarraba ta tsakiya a 1953. A shekara ta 1957 ta kammala karatu tare da B.A. daga Jami'ar Dhaka, inda ta zama zaɓaɓɓen jami'in ƙungiyar ɗalibai, kuma ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin tattalin arziki daga wannan jami'ar shekaru biyu bayan haka. Ta kammala karatunta ta hanyar halartar Kwalejin Horar da Malamai ta Mymensingh kuma ta sami B.Ed. digiri a cikin 1960. 

## Yunkurin harshe
Bayan Rarraba Indiya a 1947, ta damu game da matsayin Harshen Bengali a Gabashin Pakistan, kuma ta shiga yakin neman zabe don a gane shi a matsayin harshen hukuma, wanda a 1952 ya ci nasara. A matsayinta na shugabar makarantar sakandaren 'yan mata ta Cox's Bazar, ta shiga rikici tare da abubuwan da aka ba ta kuma ta yi murabus don nuna rashin amincewa. A cikin sabon matsayinta a Gwamnatin Joydevpur. Makarantar sakandare ta mata, ta ci gaba da fuskantar matsaloli daga aikin gwamnati kuma a 1963 ta zama malamar tattalin arziki a Bharateswari Homes . Ranadaprasad Saha, wanda ya kafa ma'aikatar, ya inganta ta zuwa manajan kuma a ƙarshe zuwa Shugaba. Ta kuma zama mai gudanarwa a Kumuduni Welfare Trust, inda ta ci gaba da shiga bayan da ta yi ritaya daga koyarwa. A shekara ta 2011, ta kasance baƙo mai daraja a wani taron don nuna godiya ga gudummawar mata ga Jami'ar Dhaka.  A shekara ta 2016, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan ƙasar Bangladesh 27 da suka karɓi lambar yabo ta musamman daga Amin Jewellers a lokacin bikin cika shekaru na zinariya na kamfanin.

## Kyaututtuka

* Ekushey Padak (2002) 
* Kyautar Tarayyar Mata ta Buddha ta Bangladesh (2013) 
* Kyautar Sufia Kamal (2015) 
* Kyautar Amin Jewelers (2016) 

## Manazarta
Old Kentish Sign Language

**Harshen Kurame na Tsohon Kentish** (OKSL, wanda kuma shine Harshen Kurame na Tsohon Kent) yare ne na kurame na ƙauye na Kent na ƙarni na 17 a Burtaniya, wanda aka haɗa shi tare da sauran harsunan kurame na ƙauye cikin Harshen Kurame na Burtaniya .

A cewar Peter Webster Jackson (2001), OKSL wataƙila ita ce harshen da wani yaro kurma ya yi amfani da shi wanda marubucin Birtaniya na ƙarni na 17 Samuel Pepys ya bayyana a cikin Littafinsa na Diary.  Pepys yana cin abinci tare da abokinsa Sir George Downing a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, 1666, lokacin da ma'aikacin kurma ya yi hira da ubangidansa da harshen kurame, wanda ya haɗa da labarin Babban Gobarar Landan . Downing ya je makaranta kusa da Maidstone a Kent, inda yake zaune a cikin al'umma inda kurame na haihuwa ya yaɗu. Wannan al'umma tana goyon bayan harshen kurame wanda mutane da yawa masu ji da kurame suka san shi.  &#x5B; *nbsp;ana buƙata* &#x5D;

Yayin da mazauna al'ummomin Martha's Vineyard na Tisbury da Chilmark a Massachusetts suka yi ƙaura daga Kentish Weald, Nora Groce (1985) ta yi hasashen cewa OKSL na iya zama asalin Harshen Alamar Vineyard na Martha, wanda, bi da bi, ɗaya ne daga cikin magabatan Harshen Alamar Amurka (ASL).  &#x5B; ** &#x5D; Wasu sun yi gargaɗi game da karɓar wannan ikirari ba tare da suka ba, "saboda babu wani kurma da ya kasance ɓangare na ƙaura ta asali daga Kent, kuma babu wani abu da aka sani game da takamaiman nau'in sa hannu da aka yi amfani da shi a Kent." 

## Manazarta