Haƙƙin Ilimin fikihun falsafa

**Ilimin fikihu** falsafa falsafa ce ta shari'a da mulkin dan'adam wanda ya ginu a kan cewa ɗan'adam yanki daya ne kawai na al'ummar duniya baki ɗaya kuma jin dadin kowane dan wannan al'umma ya dogara ne akan jin dadin duniya baki daya. Ya bayyana cewa al'ummomin bil'adama za su kasance masu wanzuwa da bunƙasa ne kawai idan sun tsara kansu a matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan al'ummar duniya mai faɗi kuma suka yi hakan ta hanyar da ta dace da dokoki ko ƙa'idodin da suka dace da yadda duniya ke aiki, wanda shine 'Babban Fikihu. '.

Za a iya bambanta fikihu na duniya da babban fikihu, amma kuma ana iya fahimtar cewa an cusa cikinta. Ganin cewa Ana iya ganin fikihun duniya a matsayin wani lamari na musamman na Babban Fikihu, yana amfani da ka'idodin duniya ga tsarin gwamnati, al'umma da nazarin halittu na Duniya.

Ilimin fikihu na duniya yana neman fadada fahimtarmu game da dacewar mulki fiye da bil'adama ga daukacin al'ummar Duniya, abin da ya shafi duniya ne maimakon anthropocentric . Ya shafi kiyayewa da daidaita dangantaka tsakanin dukkanin al'ummar Duniya ba kawai tsakanin 'yan adam ba. An yi nufin ilimin fikihu a duniya don samar da tushen falsafa don haɓakawa da aiwatar da tsarin mulkin ɗan adam, wanda zai iya haɗa da ɗa'a, dokoki, cibiyoyi, manufofi da ayyuka. Har ila yau, yana ba da mahimmanci ga shigar da waɗannan abubuwan da aka fahimta da kuma a kan aikin mutum, a cikin rayuwa daidai da fikihu na duniya a matsayin hanyar rayuwa Ko hanzar Zaman lafiya a rayuwa.

Ilimin fikihu ya kamata ya nuna fahimtar wata al'umma ta musamman game da yadda za a dai-daita kanta a matsayin wani ɓangare na al'ummar Duniya kuma ya kamata ya bayyana halaye na Babban Fikihu wanda ya zama sashi nasa. Takamaiman aikace-aikacen fikihu na Duniya za su bambanta daga al'umma zuwa al'umma, yayin da ake raba abubuwan gama gari. Waɗannan abubuwan sun haɗa da:

* sanin cewa duk wani fikihu na Duniya yana wanzuwa a cikin yanayi mai faɗi wanda ya siffata ta kuma yana tasiri yadda take aiki;
* Sanin cewa duniya ita ce tushen tushen 'yancin duniya' na dukkan membobin al'ummar Duniya, maimakon wani bangare na tsarin mulkin dan Adam don haka ba za a iya kayyade wadannan hakkoki ba ko kuma soke su ta hanyar ilimin fikihu;
* wata hanya ta gane ayyuka da 'yancin 'yan uwa na al'ummar Duniya da kuma kame mutane daga hana su cika wadannan ayyuka ba tare da hakki ba;
* damuwa don daidaitawa da kuma kiyaye daidaito mai ƙarfi tsakanin dukkan membobin al'ummar Duniya da aka ƙaddara ta hanyar abin da ya fi dacewa ga tsarin gaba ɗaya (Adalcin Duniya); kuma
* hanyar yarda ko ƙin yarda da halayen ɗan adam akan ko a'a halayen yana ƙarfafawa ko raunana alakar da ke tattare da al'ummar Duniya.

## Tarihi
Thomas Berry masani  ne ya fara gano buƙatun sabon fikihu wanda ya gano ɓarna anthropocentrism wanda tsarin shari'a da na siyasa suka ginu a kai a matsayin babban cikas ga canjin da ya wajaba zuwa yanayin yanayin muhalli wanda ɗan adam zai nemi sabon kusanci tare da aiki mai mahimmanci. na duniyar halitta.

An tattauna yuwuwar haɓaka wannan fikihu (wanda ake kira na ɗan lokaci a matsayin 'Fikihun Duniya') a taron da Berry ya halarta a watan Afrilu shekarata 2001, wanda Gidauniyar Gaia a London ta shirya a Cibiyar Taro na Airlie a wajen Washington . Ƙungiyar mutanen da ke da hannu a cikin dokar kuma tare da ƴan asali sun taru daga Afirka ta Kudu, Birtaniya, Colombia, Kanada da Amurka. (Dubi 'Thomas Berry da Shari'a ta Duniya: Maƙalar Bincike', na Mike Bell, *The ƙaho*, Vol. 19, na 1 shekarata (2003)).

Dalla-dalla na farko na binciken fikihu na Duniya a cikin bugawa da gabatar da kalmar 'Babban Shari'a' ya faru tare da bugu na farko na  ta Cormac Cullinan, wanda aka ƙaddamar a taron koli na Duniya don Ci gaba mai dorewa a Cape Town a shekarata 2002.

2004 taron

Afrilun shekarar 2004, taron bita na farko da aka gudanar a Burtaniya don tattaunawa da haɓaka ƙa'idodin shari'a na Duniya, mai taken 'Bita na Wilderness Workshop: Taron Tafiya akan Shari'ar Duniya' . Donald Reid (tsohon shugaban UKELA, Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Muhalli ta Birtaniya) da Cormac Cullinan (mawallafin  ) sun jagoranci taron bitar a cikin Knoydart Peninsula (ɗaya daga cikin yankunan jeji na ƙarshe a cikin Scotland).

An tattauna yuwuwar haɓaka sabon nau'i na shari'a a wani taro a Washington wanda Thomas Berry ya halarta a Afrilun shekarar 2001, wanda Gidauniyar Gaia ta shirya. Ƙungiyar mutanen da ke da hannu da doka da ƴan asalin ƙasar sun halarci daga Afirka ta Kudu, Birtaniya, Colombia, Kanada da Amurka. 

A cikin shekarata 2006 Cibiyar Shari'a ta Duniya ta farko da aka kafa a Florida. Manufar Cibiyar, wadda ke da haɗin gwiwar Jami'o'in Barry da St. Thomas, Florida, ita ce sake tsara dokoki da gudanar da mulki ta hanyoyin da za su tallafa wa rayuwar al'ummar Duniya gaba ɗaya. Wannan ya ƙunshi haɓaka alaƙar haɓaka juna tsakanin mutane da yanayi da kuma sanin haƙƙoƙin yanayi . 

An gudanar da taron bitar shari'a na duniya, 'Tafiya a gefen daji: Canja Dokar Muhalli' a watan Nuwamba. An kuma gudanar da wani taron shari'a na duniya, magana da tattaunawa kan 'Doka da Mulki daga Mahangar Duniya Mai Tsakiyar Kasa', a watan Nuwamba.

2007 abubuwan da suka faru

"Hukuncin Duniya: Ma'anar Filin da Da'awar Alkawari", taron kwana uku akan ka'idoji da abubuwan da ke fitowa na filin Fikihu na Duniya. Cormac Cullinan na EnAct International, Afirka ta Kudu, Thomas Linzey da Richard Grossman dukkansu na Asusun kare hakkin muhalli na Community Environmental Legal Defence, Pennsylvania, da Liz Hosken na Gidauniyar Gaia, London, suna cikin masu magana a sabuwar Cibiyar Shari'a ta Duniya a Florida, Amurka, Afrilu. Shekarata 2007.

Taron Burtaniya da taron bita, Satumban shekarar 2007, mai taken, "Maradin 'Dokar daji' ga Canjin Yanayi". Taron shiga don haɓaka hanya mai amfani don amfani da ƙa'idodin Dokokin daji waɗanda tuni ke taimakawa tafiyar matakai na doka a cikin Amurka da Afirka ta Kudu. Ƙungiyar Dokar Muhalli ta Burtaniya ta shirya, tare da haɗin gwiwar Gidauniyar Dokar Muhalli da Gidauniyar Gaia, tare da tallafi daga Gidauniyar Shagon Jiki. Shahararrun masu magana a duniya za su hada da Andrew Kimbrell, Babban Daraktan Cibiyar Tsaron Abinci, Pennsylvania, wanda ya taimaka wajen lashe Kotun Koli a Amurka game da sauyin yanayi; Cormac Cullinan, lauya na Afirka ta Kudu kuma marubucin *Dokar daji* ; da Peter Roderick, Darakta na Shirin Adalci na Yanayi na Burtaniya, Barista mai gogewar shekaru ashirin a sana'o'i masu zaman kansu, masana'antar mai, ilimi da fannin muhalli, kuma shi ne lauyan Friends of the Earth a Landan daga  shekarata 1996. An gudanar da shi a cibiyar taro a Derbyshire, UK.

Bayani: UKELA abubuwan da suka faru na gaba.

Taron Shari'a na Duniya da aka gudanar a Amurka a cikin Fabrairu 2008, tare da haɗin gwiwar sabuwar Cibiyar Shari'a ta Duniya, da kuma ɗalibai daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Barry (Orlando, FL) da Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar St. Thomas (Miami, FL).

Ostiraliya tana da ƙwaƙƙwaran ikon shari'a na duniya da motsi 'dokokin daji'. An gudanar da taron dokokin daji na farko a Ostiraliya a Adelaide, South Australia a cikin 2009 kuma an gudanar da taro na biyu a Wollongong, New South Wales, a cikin shekarata 2010. An shirya taron shari'ar daji na uku a cikin 2011 a Brisbane, Queensland kuma a wancan lokacin babbar ƙungiyar masu fafutuka ta Duniya ta kafa Ƙungiyar Dokokin Duniya ta Australiya (www.earthlaws.org.au). Ƙungiyar Dokokin Duniya ta Australiya ita ce babbar ƙungiya a Ostiraliya da ke inganta dokokin Duniya da dokokin daji. Don bayani game da ayyukan su, membobinsu, taro da abubuwan da suka faru, da fatan za a ziyarci gidan yanar gizon su.

## Darussan da ake koyarwa a makarantun shari'a
Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Barry ta ƙaddamar da wani kwas a cikin ilimin fikihu a lokacin shekarata 2007. 

## Duba sauran abunuwa

* Gadon gama gari na ɗan adam
* Wayewar muhalli
* Muhalli na muhalli
* Hakkokin yanayi
* Sikeli (kayan aikin nazari)
* Anthropogenic metabolism

## Wasu abubuwan

## Adabi

* Cullinan, C (2003), , Littattafai Green, Totnes, Devon, 
* Simon Boyle, 'A kan kankara mai bakin ciki', Jaridar Guardian, London, Nuwamba 2006
* Stephan Harding, 'Yancin Duniya', Jaridar Guardian, London, Afrilu 2007
* Silver Donald Cameron, 'Yaushe itace ke da hakki?'  , The Chronicle Herald (Halifax, Nova Scotia), Janairu, 2007
* Cormac Cullinan, 'Idan Yanayin Yana da Hakki' , Orion (mujalla), Amurka, Janairu 2008.

## Manazarta

* Abram, D (1996), *The Spell of Sensuous*, Vintage Books, New York
* Berry, T (1999), *Babban Aiki: Hanyarmu zuwa Gaba*, Bell Tower, New York
* Berry, T (2002), 'Hakkokin Duniya: Gane Haƙƙin Dukan Rayuwa' - ''Tadawa'', La'a. 214, Satumba/Oktoba 2002
* Berry, T (1996), Kowa Yana da Hakki, 23rd Shekarar EF Schumacher Lectures, Stockbridge, Massachusetts
* Berry, T, Swimme, B (1992) *Labari na Duniya: Daga Farko na Farko zuwa Zamanin Ecozoic - Bikin Bayyanar Cosmos*, Harper Collins, New York
* Cullinan, C (2002) 'Adalci Ga Duka: Dole ne Mulkin Dan Adam Ya Kasance Mai Daidai da Dokokin Duniya' - *Tadawa*, Lamba. 214, Satumba/Oktoba 2002
* Gardner, J (2004) Hakkokin Dan Adam da Wajibi - Lakca a Majalisar PEN ta Duniya a Tromsø, Norway
* Reichel-Dolmatoff, G (1994) *Daji A Cikin: Duniya-Kallo na Tukano Amazonian Indiyawa*, Green Books, Totnes
* Reichel-Dolmatoff, G (1997) *Rainforest Shamans: Rubuce-rubuce a kan Tukano Indiyawan Arewa maso Yamma Amazon*, Green Books, Totnes
* Ruwa, N.; Jones, A (2016) Aiwatar da Shari'a ta Duniya ta Hakkokin Tsarin Mulki na *Dorewar* yanayi, 8, 174.
* Reid, D (2001) 'Hukuncin Shari'a na Duniya: Wadanne Darussa Za a Iya Koyi Daga Tasirin Celtic akan Dokar Scotland?' Gabatarwa zuwa Zama na Fasaha akan jeji da shari'a a taron daji na duniya karo na 7, Port Elizabeth, Afirka ta Kudu
* Roldán Ortega, R (2000) *ƴan asalin ƙasar Colombia da Doka: Hanyar Mahimmanci ga Nazarin Abubuwan da suka gabata da na Yanzu*, COAMA, Bogotá, Tercer Mundo Edita
* Stutzin, G (2002) 'Hakkokin Hali: Adalci na Bukatar A Gane Halitta A Matsayin Ƙa'idar Shari'a' - *Tadawa*, Lamba 210, Janairu / Fabrairu 2002. Godofredo Stutzin ya kasance 1990 wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Duniya 500 na Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ( UNEP ) wanda ya fahimci nasarorin muhalli na daidaikun mutane da kungiyoyi a duniya.

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje