George Eliot

**Mary Ann Evans** (22 Nuwamba 1819 - 22 Disamba 1880; a madadin Mary Anne ko Marian   ), wanda aka sani da sunanta na alkalami **George Eliot**, marubuciya ce 'yar Ingila, mawaƙiya, 'yar jarida, mai fassara, kuma ɗayan manyan marubuta. na Zamanin Sarauniya Victoriya. Ta rubuta litattafai bakwai: Adam Bede (1859), The Mill on the Floss (1860), Silas Marner (1861), Romola (1862-1863), Felix Holt, the Radical (1866), Middlemarch (1871-1872) da Daniel Deronda (1876). Kamar yadda Charles Dickens da Thomas Hardy, ta fito daga lardin Ingila; akasarin ayyukanta an saita su a can. Ayyukanta an san su da haƙiƙanin haƙiƙanin su, hangen nesa na tunani, fahimtar wuri da cikakken kwatancen karkara. Mawallafin marubuci Virginia Woolf ya bayyana Middlemarch a matsayin "ɗayan litattafan Turanci da aka rubuta don manyan mutane" da Martin Amis da Julian Barnes a matsayin mafi girma novel a cikin harshen Turanci.

Abin kunya kuma ba tare da al'ada ba ga zamanin, ta zauna tare da mai aure George Henry Lewes a matsayin abokin aurensa, daga 1854 zuwa 1878, kuma ta kira shi mijinta. Ya kasance yana aure da matarsa ​​kuma yana kula da 'ya'yansu, ko da ta bar shi ya zauna da wani mutum kuma ya haihu da shi. A cikin watan Mayun 1880, watanni goma sha takwas bayan mutuwar Lewes, George Eliot ya auri abokinsa na dogon lokaci, John Cross, wani mutum da ya girme ta, kuma ta canza sunanta zuwa Mary Ann Cross.

## Rayuwa
### Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Mary Ann Evans a Nuneaton, Warwickshire, Ingila, a *South Farm* a cikin Estate Hall Arbury. Ita ce ɗa ta uku na Robert Evans (1773 – 1849), manajan gidan Arbury Hall, da Christiana Evans (née Pearson, 1788 – 1836), ‘yar mai gida. Cikakkun ƴan uwanta sune: Christiana, wanda aka fi sani da Chrissey (1814–1859), Isaac (1816–1890), da ƴan’uwan tagwaye waɗanda suka mutu kwanaki kaɗan bayan haihuwa a cikin Maris 1821. Har ila yau, tana da ɗan’uwa rabi, Robert Evans (1802– 1864), da 'yar'uwar' yar'uwa, Frances "Fanny" Evans Houghton (1805-1882), daga auren mahaifinta na baya zuwa Harriet Poynton (1780-1809). A farkon 1820, dangin sun ƙaura zuwa wani gida mai suna Griff House, tsakanin Nuneaton da Bedworth.Matashin Evans ƙwararren mai karatu ne kuma a bayyane yake haziki. Domin ba a ganinta kyakkyawa a zahiri, ba a tunanin Evans tana da damar yin aure da yawa, kuma wannan, tare da basirarta, ya sa mahaifinta ya saka hannun jari a cikin ilimin da ba sau da yawa ba mata. Daga shekaru biyar zuwa tara, ta shiga tare da 'yar uwarta Chrissey a makarantar Miss Latham a Attleborough, daga shekaru tara zuwa goma sha uku a makarantar Mrs. Wallington a Nuneaton, kuma daga shekaru goma sha uku zuwa goma sha shida a makarantar Miss Franklin a Coventry. A makarantar Misis Wallington, ’yar bishara Maria Lewis ce ta koyar da ita—wadda aka aika wa wasiƙunta na farko. A cikin yanayin addini na makarantar Miss Franklin, Evans ya fuskanci shiru, imani mai ladabi wanda ya saba wa aikin bishara. Bayan ya cika shekara goma sha shida, Evans ba shi da ilimi kadan. Godiya ga muhimmiyar rawar da mahaifinta ke takawa a kan kadarorin, an ba ta damar shiga ɗakin karatu na Arbury Hall, wanda ya taimaka mata ilimin kanta da zurfin koyo. Iliminta na gargajiya ya bar ta; Christopher Stray ya lura cewa "littattafan George Eliot sun zana sosai a kan adabin Girka (daya daga cikin littattafanta ne kawai za a iya buga shi daidai ba tare da amfani da nau'in nau'in nau'in Hellenanci ba), kuma sau da yawa bala'i na Girkanci ya rinjayi jigoginta".

## Tunawa da girmamawa

Anyi wurare da dama don tunawa a mahaifarta wato  Nuneaton. Wannan su hada da Kwalejin George Eliot, Makarantar Middlemarch Junior, Asibitin George Eliot (tsohon Asibitin Gaggawa na Nuneaton),  da George Eliot Road, a Foleshill, Coventry. Hakanan, The Mary Anne Evans Hospice a Nuneaton. Wani mutum-mutumi na Eliot yana cikin Titin Newdegate, Nuneaton, kuma Nuneaton Museum & Art Gallery yana da nunin kayan tarihi masu alaƙa da ita. An ba wa wata na'ura mai ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa da ke gina rami na Bromford a kan High Speed ​​2 don girmama ta.

A cikin 2015, an ba wa sabon ɗakin zama sunan Evans a Jami'ar Royal Holloway ta London, magajin Kwalejin Bedford, wanda Evans ya halarta a 1850-1.

## Ayyukan ta
### Littattafai
* *[[Adam Bede]]* (1859)
* *[[The Mill on the Floss]]* (1860)
* *[[Silas Marner]]* (1861)
* *[[Romola]]* (1863)
* *[[Felix Holt, the Radical]]* (1866)
* *[[Middlemarch]]* (1871–1872)
** "Quarry for Middlemarch", MS Lowell 13, Houghton Library, Harvard University (A digital facsimile of the manuscript of research notes)
* *[[Daniel Deronda]]* (1876)

### Tarin Gajerun Labarai da tatsuniyoyi
* *[[Scenes of Clerical Life]]* (1857)
** *The Sad Fortunes of the Rev. Amos Barton*
** *Mr Gilfil's Love Story*
** *Janet's Repentance*
* *[[The Lifted Veil (novella)|The Lifted Veil]]* (1859)
* *[[s:Brother Jacob|Brother Jacob]]* (1864)
* *[[Impressions of Theophrastus Such]]* (1879)

### Fassarori
* ''Das Leben Jesu, kritisch bearbeitet (The Life of Jesus, Critically Examined)'' Volume 2 by David Strauss (1846)
* ''Das Wesen des Christentums (The Essence of Christianity)'' by Ludwig Feuerbach (1854) 
* ''The Ethics of Benedict de Spinoza'' by Benedict de Spinoza (1856)

### Shayari
* ''Knowing That I Must Shortly Put Off This Tabernacle'' (1840)
* *[[s:In a London Drawingroom|In a London Drawingroom]]* (1865)
* *[[s: A Minor Prophet|A Minor Prophet]]* (1865)
* *[[s:Two Lovers|Two Lovers]]* (1866)
* *[[s:Poems That Every Child Should Know/The Choir Invisible|The Choir Invisible]]* (1867)
* ''The Spanish Gypsy'' (1868)
* *[[s:The poems of George Eliot (Crowell, 1884)/Agatha|Agatha]]* (1868)
* *[[s:The poems of George Eliot (Crowell, 1884)/Brother and Sister|Brother and Sister]]* (1869)
* *[[s:How Lisa Loved the King|How Lisa Loved the King]]* (1869)
* ''Armgart'' (1870)
* *[[s:Stradivarius|Stradivarius]]* (1873)
* *[[s:The poems of George Eliot (Crowell, 1884)/Arion|Arion]]* (1873)
* *[[s:The poems of George Eliot (Crowell, 1884)/The Legend of Jubal|The Legend of Jubal]]* (1874)
* *[[s:I Grant You Ample Leave|I Grant You Ample Leave]]* (1874)
* ''Evenings Come and Go, Love'' (1878)
* ''Self and Life'' (1879)
* ''A College Breakfast Party'' (1879)
* *[[s:The poems of George Eliot (Crowell, 1884)/The Death of Moses|The Death of Moses]]* (1879)

### Labaran gaskiya
* "Three Months in Weimar" (1855)
* "Silly Novels by Lady Novelists" (1856)
* "The Natural History of German Life" (1856)
* Review of John Ruskin's ''Modern Painters'' in ''Westminster Review'', April 1856
* "The Influence of Rationalism" (1865)

## Manazarta