Mary Elliott Hill

**Mary Elliott Hill** (Janairu 5, 1907 - Fabrairu 12, 1969) ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata 'yan asalin Afirka da suka fara zama masanin kimiyyar sinadarai .  An san ta da ilimin kimiyyar sinadarai na halitta da na nazari . Hill ta yi aiki a kan halayen hasken ultraviolet, ta haɓaka hanyoyin nazari, kuma, tare da haɗin gwiwar mijinta Carl McClellan Hill, ta haɓaka ketene synthesis wanda ya taimaka wajen haɓaka robobi.   Ana kyautata zaton tana ɗaya daga cikin mata 'yan asalin Afirka da aka ba wa digiri na biyu a fannin sinadarai.  Hill ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar sinadarai ne, tana tsara hanyoyin nazarin halittu da kuma haɓaka hanyoyin bin diddigin ci gaban halayen bisa ga narkewar abubuwa.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Hill a ƙaramin gari mai suna South Mills, North Carolina, a ranar 5 ga Janairu, 1907 kuma tana da 'yan'uwa maza biyu.  Mahaifiyarta Frances Bass ce, mahaifinta kuma, Robert Elliott, ma'aikacin kashe gobara ne.  

Hill ta fara zuwa Kwalejin Jihar Virginia ta Negroes, wacce yanzu take Jami'ar Jihar Virginia (VSU), a shekarar 1925, inda ta sami digirinta na farko a fannin sinadarai a shekarar 1929. 

## Sana'a
Bayan ta sami digirinta, Hill ta fara koyarwa a shekarar 1930 a Makarantar Sakandare ta VSU's Laboratory.  A shekarar 1932 ta koyar da sinadarai na ɗan lokaci a Cibiyar Hampton, ta zama cikakken mamba a fannin koyarwa a shekarar 1937.  Daga 1938 zuwa 1942, ta koyar a VSU.  Hill ta kuma yi karatun digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Pennsylvania a lokacin bazara, inda ta ba wa wata mace 'yar Afirka-Amurka digiri na farko a fannin sinadarai a shekarar 1941.  

Ta koyar a Kwalejin Bennett da ke Greensboro, North Carolina, tsawon shekara guda kafin a naɗa ta mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin sinadarai a Kwalejin Jihar Tennessee A &amp;amp; I, wata kwaleji baƙar fata da aka sani da Jami'ar Jihar Tennessee a tarihi.  [  Ta kasance farfesa a fannin sinadarai a Kwalejin Jihar Tennessee A & I daga 1944 zuwa 1962, kuma ita ce mukaddashin shugaban sashen sinadarai daga 1951 zuwa 1962.  A shekarar 1962, mijinta, Carl McClellan Hill, wanda ya kasance shugaban Makarantar Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Tennessee A & I, ya karɓi matsayin shugaban Kwalejin Jihar Kentucky (yanzu Jami'ar Jihar Kentucky ) a Frankfort, Kentucky.   Mary Hill ta bi mijinta zuwa Jihar Kentucky kuma aka naɗa ta farfesa a fannin sinadarai. 

Mary da Carl sun yi aiki tare a matsayin ƙungiya, inda Mary ta ƙware a matsayin ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar sinadarai .  The Hills ta yi amfani da reagents na Grignard don haɓaka haɗakar sinadarai na ketenes, wanda aka ba da kuɗi daga Gidauniyar Kimiyya ta Ƙasa (NSF) da Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Amurka.  Mary Hill ta ƙirƙiro hanyoyin nazari don aikin, kuma ta ƙware ta amfani da ketenes masu monomeric.  Ta yi amfani da hanyoyin spectroscopic, gami da hasken ultraviolet spectrophotometry a cikin karatunta kuma ta yi aiki don haɓaka hanyoyin nazari don bin diddigin ci gaban halayen sinadarai.    An yi amfani da hanyoyinta don tantance narkewar abubuwa daban-daban a cikin mafita marasa ruwa, wanda ya ba wa masana kimiyyar sinadarai na roba a cikin ƙungiyarsu damar gano, ware, da ƙididdige samfura.    Tsarin da ya dace ya haɗa da polymerization na ketenes, wanda ake amfani da shi wajen haɗa robobi.  

Mary Hill ta kafa rassan ɗalibai na Ƙungiyar Sinadarai ta Amurka a wasu kwalejoji da jami'o'i na baƙar fata na tarihi inda ta koyar.  An kiyasta cewa aƙalla ɗalibanta 20 sun zama farfesoshin sinadarai, kuma ta lashe kyaututtuka saboda koyarwarta.   Ta kuma kasance memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Tennessee, Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Ƙasa, Ƙungiyar Girmamawa ta Ƙasa ta Alpha Kappa Alpha, da Beta Kappa Chi .  

## Littattafai
Hill ya kasance tare da marubuta a cikin takardu sama da 40, amma ba a taɓa sanya shi a matsayin babban marubuci ba.

Mary Elliott Hill ta yi aiki tare wajen rubuta littattafai guda biyu.    Na farko, *General College Chemistry* (1944), an rubuta shi tare da mijinta Carl Hill da kuma Myron B. Towns . Littafin dakin *gwaje-gwaje na Gwaje-gwaje a fannin Sinadaran Halitta* (1954) an yi shi zuwa bugu huɗu.  

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Hill ta auri Carl McClellan Hill, amma ba a san ainihin ranar aurensu ba. Wata majiya ta ce sun yi aure shekaru biyu bayan wani abokin karatunsu ya gabatar da ita gare shi tana da shekaru 16  yayin da wata kuma ta nuna cewa sun yi aure a shekararta ta biyu a Kwalejin Jihar Virginia,  wanda ke nuna cewa aurensu ya faru ne tsakanin 1925 da 1927. Tare da mijinta, tana da 'ya'ya uku.  A cikin wata hira da aka yi da manema labarai a 1963, abubuwan sha'awa da aka ambata sune karatu, nazarin Jamusanci da Rashanci, da kuma jin daɗin shirya furanni da kallon ƙwallon ƙafa.  The Hills membobin cocin Presbyterian ne masu himma a Nashville, Tennessee, da Frankfort Kentucky. 

Tuddai sun dawo daga tafiya zuwa Ingila, lokacin da Mary ta mutu sakamakon "cutar zuciya" da ta yi "na ɗan lokaci", a Asibitin King's Daughters da ke Frankfort, Kentucky a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 1969.

## Manazarta