open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Alexis blendel

**Kimberly Alexis Bledel** (an haife ta ranar 16 ga Satumba, 1981) 'yar Amurka ce da ta shahara a harkar fim da kuma samar da hotuna (modeling). Ta fi shahara ne saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin Rory Gilmore a cikin shahararren shirin talabijin na Gilmore Girls (2000–2007), da kuma matsayin Emily Malek a cikin jerin The Handmaid’s Tale (2017–2021). Ta kuma bayyana a cikin Mad Men a shekarar 2012, sannan ta sake fitowa a matsayin Rory Gilmore a cikin Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life (Netflix, 2016).

## Fina-finai
Bledel ta fara fitowa a fim ne a cikin fim ɗin Tuck Everlasting (2002), inda ta taka rawar Winnie Foster. Daga nan ta ci gaba da fitowa a cikin fina-finai kamar:

Sin City (2005),

Post Grad (2009),

The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants (2005), da ci gaba da shi a 2008 a matsayin Lena Kaligaris.

## Lambobin Girmamawa da Karramawa
A saboda rawar da ta taka a Gilmore Girls, an ba ta dama ta lashe ko samun lambar yabo a Satellite Awards, Teen Choice Awards, da kuma Young Artist Awards.

A cikin The Handmaid’s Tale, an ba ta nadin lambar Emmy guda hudu, kuma ta lashe Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series.

Ta kuma samu nadin Screen Actors Guild Awards sau uku saboda gwaninta a cikin ƙungiyar ‘yan wasa mafi fice a jerin fina-finan drama.

## Rayuwa da Iyali
An haifi Bledel a Houston, Texas, ga iyayenta Nanette (Dozier), wadda ta kasance ma’aikaciyar jirgin sama da kuma mai sarrafa kyaututtuka, da Martín Bledel. Tana da ƙani guda, Eric.

Mahaifinta ya fito ne daga Argentina.

Mahaifiyarta an haife ta a Phoenix, Arizona, amma danginsu sun koma Mexico lokacin tana da shekara 8.

Kakanta na mahaifi, Enrique Einar Bledel Huus, an haife shi ne a Buenos Aires, Argentina, kuma asalinsa yana da jini Danish da Jamusanci. Shi ne mataimakin shugaban kamfanin Coca-Cola Latin America.

Kaka ta bangaren mahaifiya kuma Jean Campbell ta fito daga New York, asalin kakanninta sun hada da Scottish, Irish da English.

Zhang ta bayyana cewa iyayenta sun zaɓi su reni ’ya’yansu bisa tsarin da aka rainesu a ciki, wato al’adar Latin America. Saboda haka, ta tashi cikin gidaje masu amfani da harshen Spanish, kuma ba ta koya Turanci ba sai da ta fara zuwa makaranta.

## Karatu da Fara Harkokin Nishaɗi
Ta halarci makarantun Baptist da Lutheran, sannan ta kammala karatunta a makarantar Catholic St. Agnes Academy a Houston a 1999.

Mahaifiyarta ta shawarce ta da ta shiga wasan kwaikwayo na gari domin ta rage kunya.vA ƙuruciyarta, ta fito a cikin wasannin Our Town da The Wizard of Oz. Ta fara aikin modeling bayan an gano ta a wani kasuwar cin kaya. Ta halarci jami’ar NYU, amma ta fice bayan an ɗauke ta a cikin shirin Gilmore Girls tana da shekara 18.

## Manazarta
Abdul Ahmed Ningi

**Abdul Ahmed Ningi** (An haifeshi 20 ga watan Afrilu, 1960) ya kasance Mataimakin Jagoran Yawan Jama'a na Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya. Memba ne na Jam'iyyar Democratic ta Jama'a (PDP), ya yi aiki a matsayin Senator mai wakiltar yankin Bauchi tsakiya daga 2011 zuwa 2015. Yankin majalisar Bauchi Tsakiya yana kunshe da hukumomin Danbam, Darazo, Ganjuwa, Misau, Ningi, da Warji.

Abdul Ningi ya kasance Jagoran Yawan Jama'a na Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya daga 2003 zuwa 2007 kuma ya kasance memba na Majalisar Wakilai daga 1999 zuwa 2011. A matsayin Mataimakin Jagoran Yawan Jama'a, Abdul Ningi yana daya daga cikin manyan jami'an Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya.

## Kuruciya da Ilimi
Ningi an haife shi a garin Ningi na jihar Bauchi. Ya tashi cikin yanayi mai sauki yana aikin ninka kilomita da dama kowanne rana don kawo ruwa ga iyalinsa. Ya fara aiki a gonar mahaifinsa a lokacin yana da shekaru 5, gona wacce har yanzu yake kula da ita. Ya zauna a Ningi duk rayuwarsa. Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Ningi East (1969 zuwa 1973) da Makarantar Sakandare ta Gwamnati, Misau. Bayan kammala Makarantar Sakandare ta Gwamnati, Misau a shekara ta 1978, ya shiga Kwalejin Art da Kimiyya ta Bauchi don shirin digiri na shekaru 2. Ya samu B.Sc. a Sociology daga Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello a 1983, yana zama na farko a cikin iyalinsa da ya halarci jami'a. 

Jim kadan bayan kammala karatunsa a shekara ta 1983, ya tafi  bautar kasa a Kano. A shekara ta 1984, ya karɓi aiki a gwamnatin jihar Bauchi a matsayin mai kula da jin dadin al'umma. Daga bisani an inganta shi zuwa Sakataran Kwamitin Hayar Bauchi kuma a 1986 an karbe shi zuwa Bankin Farko na Najeriya a matsayin mai kula da banki.



## Manazarta
Abdul Nacer Benbrika

**Abdul Nacer Benbrika (Larabci**: عبد الناصر بن بريكة) (an haife shi a Aljeriya c. 1960), kuma aka fi sani da **Abu Bakr** (Larabci: أبو بكر), mai laifi ne wanda aka yanke masa hukuncin kisa na shekaru goma sha biyar, tare da rashin sakin jiki na tsawon shekaru goma sha biyu, kuma shugaban kungiyar shekaru goma sha biyu. Benbrika na daya daga cikin mutane 17 da aka kama a biranen Sydney da Melbourne na kasar Australia a watan Nuwamban 2005, ana tuhumar su da kasancewa mambobin kungiyar ta'addanci da kuma shirya hare-haren ta'addanci a cikin kasar Australia. Ana zargin Benbrika da zama shugaban ruhin kungiyar. Dukkan mutanen 17 sun ki amsa laifinsu. A ranar 15 ga Satumba 2008 an sami Benbrika da laifi kamar yadda ake tuhuma kuma daga baya aka yanke masa hukunci.

Benbrika ya kammala hukuncinsa ne a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba, 2020, amma an tsare shi a gidan yari a karkashin umarnin wucin gadi daga Kotun Koli ta Victoria da Ma’aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida ta Gwamnatin Tarayya ta bukaci da ta nemi kotu ta ci gaba da tsare shi.

A ranar 1 ga Nuwamba 2023, Benbrika ya ci nasarar ƙoƙarinsa na Babbar Kotun Koli na maido da zama ɗan ƙasar Australiya, wanda aka soke a cikin 2020,  kuma a ranar 19 ga Disamba 2023 Kotun Koli ta Victoria, ta ba da izinin sake shi a ƙarƙashin wata 12 na tsawaita odar sa ido.

## Manazarta
Abdullah mahmoud Al-khalidi

Abdullah Mahmud Al-Khalidi (Larabci: عبد الله Majami'an Sybد) An zargi shi da 'yan adawa a ranar 30 ga Oktoba 2012 a cikin unguwar Rukn-Eddin na Damascus, bayan barin motarsa. Masu fafutukar adawa sun karya wannan rahoto kuma ya ce gwamnatin Siriya ta kasance a bayan kisan saboda al-Khalidi ne ya shirya lahani.
Allen Funt

**Allen Albert Funt** (an haife shi ranar 16 ga watan Satumba, 1914 – 5 ga Satumba, 1999) ɗan asalin Amurka ne da ya shahara a matsayin mai shirya shirye-shiryen talabijin, darekta, marubuci, kuma sanannen fuska a talabijin. Ya fi shahara ne saboda ƙirƙira da gabatar da shirin barkwanci na Candid Camera, wanda aka fara a cikin shekarun 1940s har zuwa 1980s, a matsayin wani shiri na dindindin ko kuma jerin shirye-shirye na musamman. Mafi shahararren lokacin da aka fi kallon shirin shi ne daga 1960 zuwa 1967 a gidan talabijin na CBS.

## Rayuwa da Ilimi
Ya kammala makarantar sakandare yana da shekara 15, yana da ƙarancin shekaru don zuwa jami’a kai tsaye, sai ya fara karatu a Pratt Institute.

Daga bisani, ya samu digiri na farko a Fine Arts daga Jami’ar Cornell, sannan ya kara nazarin kasuwanci a Columbia University.

Har ila yau, ya koma Pratt Institute don ci gaba da samun horo a fannin zane da fasaha.

## Manazarta
Abd al-Rahim Abdul Rassak al-Janko

**Abd al-Rahim Abdul Rassak al-Janko** (عبدالرحیم عبدالرزاق الجنکو; an haife shi a shekarar 1977), ɗan ƙasar Suriya ne kuma Kurde. Tsohon ɗalibi ne a Ƙasashen Hadin Gwiwar Larabawa (UAE) wanda ya tafi zuwa Afghanistan a shekarar 2000.

A can ne kungiyar Taliban ta kama shi, inda suka bayyana cewa ya amince da laifin shirin kashe Usama Bin Laden, da kuma leƙen asiri a madadin Isra'ila da Amurka.

Haka kuma, an zarge shi da "lalatar jima’i da wasu samari" kuma aka tuhume shi da kasancewa ɗan luwadi.

Following the Invasion of Afghanistan, al-Janko begged a British journalist to alert the Americans that he had been held prisoner by the Taliban for two years; however, he was taken from the Taliban prison by American forces, and sent to the Guantanamo Bay detention camps where he spent seven years in detention.

Lokacin da aka gano bidiyon tambayar al-Janko da aka yi masa a shekarar 2000 bisa zargin luwadi da leƙen asiri a kan Taliban daga cikin ginin da Mohammed Atef ya baro, dakarun Amurka sun kwato shi daga rusasshiyar gida. Gwamnatin Bush ta saki bidiyon, inda aka nuna al-Janko yana kuka sosai, amma sai suka kakkaɓe sautinsa, suka kuma karya da cewa wannan bidiyo ne na "nema shahada" ko bidiyon shahada.

Sun ce wai al-Janko yana magana ne kan yadda zai mutu a matsayin shahidi, bayan mamayar Afghanistan da aka yi a 2001.

Ko da yake jami’an Amurka a cikin gida sun san gaskiyar bidiyon cewa tambaya ce da Taliban suka yi masa, gwamnati ta Amurka ta ci gaba da yi wa bidiyon lakabi da na “shahada” a fili, sannan ta saka sunan al-Janko cikin jerin FBI Seeking Information – War on Terrorism list.

Amma maimakon a taimaka wa Ginco (al-Janko) ya koma gida, sojojin Amurka sun sake tsare shi. Bayan kusan shekara biyar, har yanzu yana tsare a gidan yarin sojin Amurka da ke Guantánamo Bay, Cuba — a wani bangare, bisa faifan bidiyon yaɗa farfaganda da masu azabtar da shi suka yi masa.

Amnesty International ta ƙalubalanci amfani da wannan bidiyon da ke nuna ana tambayar al-Janko da sunan hujja cewa yana da alaƙa da masu tayar da kayar baya, ta bayyana hakan a matsayin abin da ya kama da "kafkaesque" — wato abin da ke da wuyar fahimta kuma rashin adalci da kaskanci ne.
## Rayuwarsa kafin kamewa
An haifi al-Janko a ƙasar Turkiyya, kuma shi ne ɗa na huɗu daga cikin yara goma sha ɗaya (11).

Yana da shekaru huɗu kacal lokacin da sojojin Turkiyya suka kashe iyayensa ‘yan ƙabilar Kurdawa a shekarar 1980.

Bayan haka, iyayen aure suka ɗauke shi zuwa ƙasar Syria, inda ya zauna tsawon shekaru goma.

A shekara ta 1990, mahaifinsa na aure (wanda ya kasance Salafi) ya sami aikin malanta a Ajman, a cikin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa (UAE). Bayan wasu shekaru, mahaifiyarsa ta aure da sauran ‘yan uwansa suka koma gare shi a Ajman.

## Manazarta
Antonin Artaud

**Antoine Maria Joseph Paul Artaud** (an haife shi ranar 4 ga Satumba, 1896 – ya rasu ranar 4 ga Maris, 1948), wanda aka fi sani da Antonin Artaud, ɗan Faransa ne da ya yi aiki a fannoni da dama na fasaha. Ya fi shahara a matsayin marubuci, tare da gagarumar gudunmawa a fannin wasan kwaikwayo da fina-finai.

Ana kallon Artaud a matsayin babban jigo a cikin avant-garde na Turai, musamman saboda tasirinsa a fannin wasan kwaikwayo na ƙarni na 20 ta hanyar ra’ayinsa na Theatre of Cruelty (Wasan kwaikwayo na zalunci ko tsanani).

Ayyukansa sun shahara da ɗabi’a maras ladabi, surrealisme (surrealism), da sabawa doka ko al’ada (transgressive art). Rubuce-rubucensa sun lalubo jigogi daga:

Addinan gargajiya da tsoffin al’adu
Falsafa
Ilmin sihiri da asiri (occultism)

Tsarkaka da tunanin ruhi (mysticism)

Al’adun ƙasashen ƙasar Mexico da Bali (Indonesia)

## Farkon Rayuwa
Antonin Artaud an haife shi a Marseille, Faransa, ga Euphrasie Nalpas da Antoine-Roi Artaud. Iyayensa 'yan ɗan uwa da ɗan uwa na jini ne, domin kakanninsu mata 'yan ɗan'uwa guda ne daga Smyrna (a yau: İzmir, Turkiyya).

Kakarsa ta bangaren uba, wato Catherine Chilé, an raineta ne a Marseille, inda ta auri wani Bafaransa mai suna Marius Artaud.

Kakarsa ta bangaren uwa, Mariette Chilé, ta girma ne a Smyrna, inda ta auri Louis Nalpas, wani mai kasuwancin jiragen ruwa.

## Manazarta
Abdul nasser qardash

**Abdul Nasser Qardash (Larabci**: عبد الناصر قرداش; 2] an haife shi a shekara ta 1967; wani lokaci ana kiransa da **Abdel Nasser Qirdash ko Kardesh**, wanda kuma aka fi sani da **Hajji Abdullah al-Turkmani**) wani dan gwagwarmaya ne na Iraki wanda a shekarar 2019 aka ba da rahoton kuskure a matsayin shugaban kungiyar Islamic State of Iraq and Levant (ISIL). Ana kuma yi masa laqabi da “Farfesa” da “Mai halakarwa”. Qardash babban jigo ne kuma mai tasiri sosai a cikin kungiyar ISIL mai alaka da halifansa na farko, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, kuma an bayyana shi a matsayin wanda zai iya tsayawa takarar shugabancin ISIL. Sai dai kwanaki bayan mutuwar al-Baghdadi, daga karshe an zabi Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi a matsayin sabon shugaban kungiyar ISIL da aka ayyana. A shekarar 2020 ne jami'an tsaron Iraki suka kama Qardash

## Rayuwar farko

## An haife shi a matsayin "Tahah Abdel Rahim Abdallah Bakr al-Ghassani" a babban birnin Turkmen na Iraki na Tal Afar, Iraki, a cikin 1967, Qardash ɗan kabilar Turkmen ne. Ya yi karatu a kwalejin kimiyyar Musulunci da ke birnin Mosul da ke kusa. Ya rayu ne a unguwar Musharafah ta Mosul a shekarunsa na farko Qardash ya kasance Manjo Janar a cikin sojojin Saddam Hussein, amma ya zama wani bangare na kungiyar 'yan tawayen Ansar al-Islam a 2003. Hukumomin Amurka tare da al-Baghdadi a Camp Bucca, wani wurin da ake tsare da shi a Basra, an daure Qardash a 2003-2004ko 2005bayan mamayewar Iraki da korar gwamnatin Saddam Hussein.

## Manazarta
Francis Bacon

**Francis Bacon**, **1st Viscount St Alban**  PC / / ˈbeɪkən / ;  22 Janairu 1561 - 9 Afrilu 1626) wani masanin falsafa ne kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Ingila wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Lauya kuma Shugaban Jami'ar Ingila a ƙarƙashin Sarki James.&nbsp;Ni . Bacon ya yi jayayya game da muhimmancin falsafar halitta, wanda hanyar kimiyya ta jagorance shi, kuma ayyukansa sun ci gaba da yin tasiri a duk tsawon juyin juya halin kimiyya. 

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi

An haifi Francis Bacon a ranar 22 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1561  a Gidan York kusa da Strand a Landan, ɗan Sir Nicholas Bacon (Lord Keeper of the Great Seal) da matarsa ta biyu, Anne (Cooke) Bacon, 'yar sanannen ɗan adam na Renaissance Anthony Cooke. 'Yar uwarsa ta auri William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, wanda ya zama kawun Burghley Bacon.

Masu ba da labari sun yi imanin cewa Bacon ya yi karatu a gida a farkon shekarunsa saboda rashin lafiya, wanda zai addabe shi a duk rayuwarsa. Ya sami karatun daga John Walsall, wanda ya kammala karatu a Oxford tare da dogaro mai karfi ga Puritanism. Ya halarci Kwalejin Triniti a Jami'ar Cambridge a ranar 5 ga Afrilu 1573 yana da shekaru 12,  yana zaune a can na tsawon shekaru uku tare da ɗan'uwansa Anthony Bacon (1558-1601)  a ƙarƙashin kulawar John Whitgift, Babban Bishop na Canterbury na gaba. An gudanar da ilimin Bacon galibi a cikin Latin kuma ya bi tsarin karatun zamani. A Cambridge ne Bacon ya fara saduwa da Sarauniya Elizabeth, wacce ta yi sha'awar basirarsa, kuma ta saba da kiransa "The young lord keeper".

### Dan majalisa
Bacon ya bayyana cewa yana da manufofi uku: gano gaskiya, bauta wa kasarsa, da kuma bauta wa cocinsa. Ya nemi cimma wadannan manufofi ta hanyar neman matsayi mai daraja. A shekara ta 1580, ta hanyar kawunsa, Lord Burghley, ya nemi matsayi a kotu wanda zai iya ba shi damar bin rayuwar ilmantarwa, amma aikace-aikacensa ya gaza. Shekaru biyu ya yi aiki a hankali a Gray's Inn, har sai an shigar da shi a matsayin lauya na waje a shekara ta 1582. 

### Rayuwa ta mutum

#### Addini
Bacon ya kasance mai ibada ga Anglican. Ya yi imanin cewa dole ne a yi nazarin falsafar da duniyar halitta ta hanyar inductively, amma ya yi jayayya cewa za mu iya nazarin muhawara kawai game da wanzuwar Allah. Bayani game da halayen Allah (kamar yanayi, aiki, da dalilai) na iya fitowa ne kawai daga wahayi na musamman. Bacon ya kuma yi imanin cewa ilimin ya tara, wannan binciken ya ƙunshi fiye da sauƙin adana abubuwan da suka gabata. "Ilimi shine wadataccen ajiya don ɗaukakar Mahalicci da kuma sauƙaƙe dukiyar mutum", ya rubuta. A cikin Essays, ya tabbatar da cewa "wani ɗan falsafar yana sa tunanin mutum ya zama mai musun wanzuwar Allah, amma zurfin falsafar yana kawo tunanin mutane game da addini".

## Manazarta
Philipp Merkle

**Philipp Merkle**,  wanda kuma aka **sani da Philip Merkle** ko **Philip Merkel** (Maris 20, 1811, Frainshaims, Rhineland-Palatinate –Mayu 5, 1899, Birnin New York,.) ya kasance fitaccen Bajamushe-Ba-Amurke  wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin jagora na Masonic sannan kuma ya kafa ƙungiyoyi biyu masu tasiri na Jamus da Amurka, ɗaya daga cikinsu ya zama mafi girma irin wannan ƙungiya.

## Karatu da Siyasa
Merkle ya halarci Jami'ar Würzburg domin karatun likitanci, amma bisa buƙatar mahaifinsa ya koma Jami'ar Heidelberg  kuma ya karanta tiyoloji.  An daure shi saboda ayyukan siyasa dangane da boren 1832, amma an sake shi bisa daukaka kara kuma ya kammala karatunsa a matsayin minista, na biyu mafi girma a ajinsa.  Ya kasa samun alƙawari saboda tarihinsa, ya yi hijira zuwa Amurka a 1833.  Ya zama Fasto na Cocin Lutheran na Jamus a Newark, New Jersey,   sannan bayan shekara guda ya fara Cocin Kirista ta Duniya a 143 Chrystie Street a New York.  Ya kasance minista a can har zuwa shekara ta 1857, lokacin da aka nada shi ma'aikacin bincike na musamman kan sha'anin magunguna na jihar New York, sannan kuma kwamishinan hukumar kula da ayyukan jin kai na birnin, sannan ya zabi City Coroner.  Ya kasance mai himma a cikin siyasar dimokuradiyya, tsawon shekaru da yawa yana memba na Babban Kwamitin Tammany Hall, kuma daya daga cikin jagororin nasarar da aka samu na kare ka.i daga karuwar tasirin Jamhuriyar Jama'a a karamar Jamus a zabukan 1856 da 1860.

Merkel ta kasance shugabar Freemason a cikin al'ummar Jamus-Amurka.  Bayan an qaddamar da shi a cikin 1844, ya kafa kuma ya jagoranci sababbin gidaje guda biyu, a cikin 1853 da 1857, kuma ya zama memba na girmamawa na wasu hudu.

Kafin haka, a cikin 1847 shi ne farkon wanda ya assasa Tsarin Jamus na Harugari, wanda ya zama babban tsarin 'yan uwantaka tsakanin Jamus da Amurka. Merle ya bar mukaminsa na minista don mayar da hankali kan inganta Harugari, wanda yake ganin ci gaba ne na tsattsauran ra'ayin ma'aikatan Jamus.

Ya kuma jagoranci ƙungiyar da ta kafa 'Ya'yan Hermann a cikin 1840.

## Manazarta
Aaron Glantz

**Aaron Glantz** (an haife shi a watan Agusta 10, 1977)  ɗan jaridar Amurka ne. Ya ba da rahoto game da annoba ta opioid, ingancin kulawa ga tsofaffin sojojin Amurka, da ofishin laifukan yaki na FBI na duniya.

Wani tsohon wakilin yaki wanda ya ba da rahoto daga kasashe gomab sha biyu, ciki har da Iraki, Glantz ya kasance abokin aiki a Cibiyar DART don Jarida da Rarraba a Jami'ar Columbia,  Rosalynn Carter Fellow for Mental Health Journalism a Carter Center,  JSK Journalism Fellow a Jami'ar Stanford,  da kuma malami mai ziyara a Jami'ar California Berkeley Journalism. Shi ne marubucin litattafai guda hudu, daga cikinsu akwai Homewreckers (HarperCollins, 2019), [8] wanda ke yin bincike game da ribar kuɗaɗen shinge daga rikicin kuɗi na 2008. Glantz yana aiki ne a matsayin mai zartarwa a Cibiyar Ilimin Jarida ta Maynard, yana jagorantar sabon ƙarni na yan jarida masu launi.[9]
## Sana'a
A watan Nuwamban 2002, lokacin da mamayewar Anglo-Amurka na Iraki ya bayyana, Glantz ya yi tafiya zuwa Istanbul don ba da labarin yadda yankin ya mayar da hankali kan rikicin. Lokacin da aka hambarar da Saddam Hussein a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 2003, Glantz ya yi tafiya zuwa Bagadaza a matsayin ɗan jarida mara ɗamara don ba da labarin abubuwan da Iraqi ta fuskanta na mamayar Amurka[10]. Ya shafe wasu sassa na tsawon shekaru uku a cikin gundumar, inda ya yi bayani kan badakalar gidan yari na Abu Ghraib, da harin da aka kaiwa malamin addini Muqtada al-Sadr,[12] da kuma harin da sojojin Amurka suka yi a Fallujah a watan Afrilun 2004.[13]. Ya kuma shafe lokaci mai tsawo yana bayar da rahoto a yankin Kurdistan na Arewacin Iraki.[14]

Tun da ya dawo daga ziyararsa ta ƙarshe a Iraki, Glantz ya ba da kulawa sosai ga illolin yaƙin da sojojin Amurka suka yi da shi yana mai da hankali kan wahalhalun da tsoffin sojojin suka samu a ƙoƙarinsu na samun sabis daga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Tsohon Sojan Amurka[15].

## Kyauta da taron zumunta
An karrama rahoton Glantz da kyaututtuka da yawa, gami da lambar yabo ta George Foster Peabody, lambobin yabo na Sojoji guda biyu da Editoci, da lambar yabo daga Ƙungiyar Labarai ta Kan layi. Ya kuma sami lambar yabo na rahoton bincike na ƙasa daga ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ƴan jarida saboda labarin da ya yi na kashe kashen da ya yi.[18]. kuma an zabe shi don lambar yabo ta Emmy Award na Labarai da Documentary saboda rahotonsa game da narcotics.[19]

Ya kasance Rosalynn Carter Fellow don Jarida ta Lafiyar Hauka a Cibiyar Carter

## Manazarta
Gidan Tarihi na Pasadena

**Gidan Tarihi na Pasadena** gidan kayan gargajiya ne mai zaman kansa, gidan tarihi na sa-kai da ɗakin karatu wanda ke cikin Pasadena, California.  Ita ce kawai cibiyar da aka sadaukar don tarihi, fasaha da al'adun Pasadena mai tarihi da yammacin San Gabriel Valley.  Wanda ke da hedikwata a filin Pasadena na ƙarni na ɗari, kayan aiki sun haɗa da Cibiyar Tarihin Tarihi ta Pasadena, Estate Fenyes da lambuna, ɗakin karatu da ɗakunan ajiya, Gidan Curtin, da Gidan Tarihi na Jama'a na Finnish.  Tare da nune-nunen jama'a, yawon shakatawa, laccoci, tarurrukan karawa juna sani, da tarurrukan bita, Gidan Tarihi na Pasadena yana haɓaka fahimtar tarihi, al'adu, fasaha da kimiyyar da suka dace da Pasadena da sauran al'ummomin da ke kusa.

## Tarihi
An kafa birnin Pasadena a cikin 1874, lokacin da membobin Indiana Colony suka zauna kusa da bankunan Arroyo Seco.  A cikin 1924, Ƙungiyar Tarihi ta Pasadena ta fara tattara bayanai game da tarihin yankin, tare da ma'aikatun tattara bayanai guda ɗaya na kayan da masu sa kai suka tattara.  A cikin 1932, an ba wa al'ummar tarihi daki a ɗakin taro na Pasadena Civic Auditorium.  A cikin 1958, tarin ya koma ɗakin karatu na Jama'a na Pasadena inda masu sa kai ke kula da shi.  A cikin 1970, godiya ga kyauta daga dangin Paloheimo, gidan kayan gargajiya ya koma wurin da yake a yanzu a kan filaye na Fenyes Estate mai kadada biyu mai tarihi.

A cikin 1993, an kammala Cibiyar Tarihi don gina ɗakin karatu na bincike da wuraren ajiyar kayan tarihi don tarin girma na gidan kayan gargajiya.  A cikin 2000, gidan kayan gargajiya ya kara dakunan hotuna, dakunan taro, kantin kayan tarihi, da ofisoshin gudanarwa.

Gidan kayan gargajiya yana buɗe wa jama'a kuma yana ba da nune-nune na musamman, tafiye-tafiye, laccoci, tarurrukan karawa juna sani da kuma tarurrukan bita kan fannonin gine-gine na gida, fasaha mai kyau, adabi, kimiyya, al'amuran zamantakewa, tarihin mutum, da nasarorin tarihi na musamman.(1) Hakanan ana ba da balaguro ga ɗalibai a makarantun yanki. Gidan kayan tarihi na Pasadena yana tallafawa ta kudaden shiga, da kuma gudummawa daga hukumomi, kasuwanci, tushe da membobin gidan kayan tarihi.

## Manazarta
Abdullah kamel Al khandari

Abdullah Kamel Abdullah Kamel al Kandari

An haife shi 17 Satumba 1973 (Shekaru 51)

Hawalli, Kuwait

Tsare a Guantanamo

Sauran Suna (S) Abdullah Kamal Al Kandari

Abdulla kamel al Kandari

ISN 228

Cajin (s) babu caji, wanda aka gudanar a cikin tsarewa

Matsayi

Zama injin injin lantarki

Abdullah kamel Abdullah Kamel al Kuwait. 

## latsa rahotanni
A ranar 12 ga Yuli 2006, injallar Uwar Jones ta samar da abubuwan da aka ba da su daga cikin fassarar zaɓi na zaɓi na shugaba na Guantanamo. Labarin ya ba da amsa:

Fiye da aka kawo fiye da Dozintees Dozin don mallakar Watches dijital, musamman "Membinious Caseo suna kallon nau'ikan Al Qaeda don masu kamuwa da bam."

Tarihin ya nakaltow, da uku masu suna masu tsaro:

Lokacin da suka gaya mani cewa Al -aeda da agogon Al Qaeda ya yi amfani da Casios da abubuwan fashewa, na yi mamaki ... Idan na san cewa, da na san hakan, da na jefa shi. Ba na wawa. Muna da surori huɗu [a Guantanamo]; Dukansu suna sa wannan agogon.

Daya daga cikin lauyoyin Abdullah Kamel, Kristine A. Huskey ya fada a ranar cewa: 

... Abubuwan da ke tallafawa sakin sun ambaci sakin da aka gabatar daga dangi da abokan aiki dagewa daga fursuna ba su taɓa nuna koke ko koyar da Amurkawa ba.
Anton Fransch

**Anton 'Gamka' Fransch** (c. 1969 - 17 Nuwamba 1989), nom de guerre *Mahomad*,  ya kasance kwamanda a uMkhonto we Sizwe.  Jami’an ‘yan sandan ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu da na rundunar tsaron ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu ne suka kashe shi a ranar 17 ga watan Nuwamban shekarar 1989 a birnin Cape Town saboda ayyukansa na yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata, bayan da suka shafe sa’o’i 7 suka yi masa ƙawanya inda ya yi amfani da gurneti da kuma bindigu.

## Nassoshi na al'adu
Fransch shine batun *Jana'izar Anton Fransch*, waƙar Tatamkhulu Afrika,  da kuma fim ɗin 2003 *Deafening Echoes*, wanda Eugene Paramoer ya jagoranta.

## Manazarta
Abbas mohtaj

Abbas Mohtaj (Persian: عباس محتاج) jami'in sojan Iran ne kuma ɗan siyasa. Ya yi aiki a dakarun kare juyin juya halin Musulunci a lokacin yakin Iran-Iraki, sannan bayan yakin ya koma Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran, yana rike da mukamin kwamandan sojojin ruwa na Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran a tsakanin shekarun 1997 zuwa 2005. Mohtaj ya kasance jami'in gwamnati a gwamnatin Mahmoud Ahmadinejad daga shekara ta 2005 zuwa 2009, ya zama gwamna. sai kuma mataimakin minista.
 Aikin soja Mohtaj ya kasance mataimakin shugaban hafsan hafsoshin sojojin juyin juya hali daga 1988 zuwa 1989. An nada shi mataimakin kwamandan sojojin kasa na dakarun kare juyin juya halin Musulunci karkashin Mostafa Izadi a shekarar 1989. Lokacin da Ali Shamkhani ya rike mukamin kwamandan sojojin ruwa na Iran na yau da kullun da na dakarun kare juyin juya halin Musulunci a lokaci guda, Mohtaj ya kasance mataimakinsa a cikin tsoffin sojojin ruwa tun daga Oktoba 1990.
 kuma ya gaji Shamkhani a matsayin kwamandan wannan reshen soja a shekarar 1997.

## Manazarta
Sadie Forman

**Sadie Forman** (1929 - 11 Disamba 2014) malama ce 'yar Afirka ta Kudu, ma'aikaciyar ɗakin karatu kuma mai fafutukar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata.

## Rayuwar farko
Sadie Kreel ta fito daga Johannesburg, ɗiyar marubuci Bunim-Idel Krill, ɗan gudun hijira Bayahude daga Rokiškis, Lithuania. Mahaifinta mawaƙi ne kuma marubuci na Yadish.

## Aiki
Sadie Forman da mijinta Lionel sun kasance mambobi ne na Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Afirka ta Kudu. An kama Lionel da laifin cin amanar ƙasa a shekarar 1956.  A matsayinta na matarsa, Sadie tana cikin tsauraran matakai: a ƙarƙashin dokar hana ta, ba a ba ta damar yin nisa da gidanta, ko shiga masana'antu ko makarantu, ko yin aiki da wasu mutane ba. Ta yi rayuwa a matsayin mai karantarwa a wannan lokacin. 

A cikin shekarar 1969 an ba ta izinin fita kuma ta bar Afirka ta Kudu tare da 'ya'yanta uku. Ta yi aiki a matsayin malama a Landan.   A cikin shekarar 1996 ta koma zama a Afirka ta Kudu, ta zauna a Fort Hare, inda ta ba da aikin sa kai a ɗakin karatu a Jami'ar Fort Hare, tana adana takardun taron Majalisar Tarayyar Afirka.  A cikin shekarar 2012, jami'ar ta amince da gudummawar da ta bayar tare da digiri na girmamawa. 

Ta haɗa bugu na rubuce-rubucen mijinta tare da André Odendaal, wanda aka buga a shekarar 1992.  Ta kuma rubuta tarihin mijinta, *Lionel Forman: A Life Too Short* (2008).

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Sadie ta auri Lionel Forman, ɗan'uwan ɗan ƙaura na Yahudawa, a cikin shekarar 1952. Suna da 'ya'ya uku, Karl, Frank da Sara, waɗanda aka haifa kafin Lionel ya mutu a shekarar 1959, yana da shekaru 32, daga rikitarwa bayan tiyatar zuciya da Christiaan Barnard ya yi.  A shekarar 2007 ta koma London don lafiyarta, kuma ta kasance kusa da 'ya'yanta. Sadie Forman ta rasu a shekara ta 2014 tana da shekaru 85 a duniya.

## Manazarta
Barrie

**Birnin Barrie** birni ne, da ke tsakiyar Ontario, Kanada, kusan kilomita 90 (mita 56) arewa da Toronto. Garin yana cikin gundumar Simcoe kuma yana bakin gabar Kempenfelt Bay. Kodayake yana cikin jiki a cikin gundumar, Barrie yana da 'yancin kai na siyasa. Garin wani yanki ne na fadada yankin birni a Kudancin Ontario wanda aka sani da Babban Dokin Zinare. Dangane da ƙidayar jama'a ta 2021, yawan jama'ar garin ya kai 147,829, yayin da yankin babban birni ke da yawan jama'a 212,856.
 

## Tarihi
### Kafin 1900
Barrie yana kan ƙasar gargajiya ta al'ummar Wendat da Anishinaabeg. A farkonsa, Barrie ya kasance kafa gidaje da ɗakunan ajiya a gindin tashar tashar Nine Mile daga Kempenfelt Bay zuwa Fort Willow, hanyar sufuri na ƴan asalin da ta wanzu ƙarni kafin Turawa su isa gundumar Simcoe. Tashar tashar jiragen ruwa ta haɗa Kempenfelt Bay ta hanyar Willow Creek, tana haɗa tafkin Simcoe zuwa kogin Nottawasaga wanda ke gudana cikin Kogin Georgian kusa da tafkin Huron.

Barrie ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a yakin 1812. A lokacin yakin, birnin ya zama wurin samar da kayan aiki ga sojojin Birtaniya, kuma, a Bugu da kari, sojojin Burtaniya sun karbi Nine Mile Portage a matsayin wani muhimmin yanki na layin samar da su wanda ya ba da hanya mai mahimmanci don sadarwa, ma'aikata da muhimman kayayyaki da kayan aiki zuwa kuma daga Fort Willow da Georgian Bay / Lake Huron. A yau, Tashar Mile Nine tana da alamun a kan tituna a cikin Barrie da cikin Garin Springwater.

## Manazarta
Kelowna

Kelowna (/ kəˈloʊnə/ ⓘ kə-LOH-nə) birni ne, da ke kan tafkin Okanagan a cikin kwarin Okanagan a cikin kudancin ƙasar British Columbia, Kanada. Yana aiki a matsayin babban ofishin gundumar Okanagan ta Tsakiya. Sunan Kelowna ya samo asali ne daga kalmar Okanagan kiʔláwnaʔ, yana nufin ƙaƙƙarfan bear.[ 

Kelowna shine yanki na uku mafi girma a lardin (bayan Vancouver da Victoria). Ita ce gunduma ta bakwai mafi girma a cikin BC kuma mafi girma a cikin cikin gida.[10] Shi ne yanki na 20 mafi girma a cikin Kanada. Garin da ya dace ya ƙunshi 214 km2 (83 sq mi), da kuma yankin ƙidayar jama'a 2,902.45 km2 (1,120.64 sq mi). Yawan Kelowna a cikin 2025 shine 165,907 a cikin birni daidai.

Ƙungiyoyin da ke kusa sun haɗa da Birnin Yamma Kelowna (wanda ake kira Westbank da Westside) zuwa yamma, a fadin tafkin Okanagan; Lake Country da Vernon zuwa arewa; Peachland zuwa kudu maso yamma; da Summerland da Penticton zuwa kudu

## Tarihi
Ba a san ainihin lokacin da aka fara zama a kwarin Okanagan ba, amma hijirar arewa ta kai ga zama a wannan yanki kimanin shekaru 9,000 da suka wuce.'Yan asalin Syilx na asali sune farkon sanannun mazauna yankin da suke ci gaba da zama a yau.

A cikin 1811, David Stuart ya yi tafiya zuwa kwarin Okanagan, ya zama Bature na farko da ya yi haka. Duk da haka, sai a shekara ta 1859 ne Uba Pandosy, ɗan mishan na Roman Katolika na Oblate, ya zama Bature na farko da ya zauna a wurin. Matsugunin Pandosy yana a l'Anse au Sable (Bay of Sand), wanda ya kira sunansa dangane da bakin tekun yashi. Ko da yake yawan jama'a ya kasance ƙanƙanta na sauran ƙarni na 19, 'ya'yan itacen abinci na rayuwa sun haɓaka a Kelowna a cikin 1870s, kuma zuwa 1890s, noma na kasuwanci ya kafu sosai.

## manazarta
Oshawa

Oshawa birni ne, da ke a yankin Ontario, a ƙasar Kanada, a bakin Tekun Ontario. Ya ta'allaka ne a Kudancin Ontario, kusan kilomita 60 (37 mi) gabas da tsakiyar garin Toronto. Ana yawan ganin shi azaman anka na gabas na Babban Yankin Toronto da na Golden Horseshoe. Ita ce karamar hukuma mafi girma a cikin gundumar Durham. Sunan Oshawa ya samo asali ne daga kalmar Ojibwa aazhawe, ma'ana "wurin tsallakewa" ko kuma "giciye" kawai.[

An kafa shi a cikin 1876 azaman Kamfanin Carriage na McLaughlin na Robert McLaughlin, sannan McLaughlin Motors Ltd ta ɗansa, Sam, Janar Motors na hedkwatar Kanada suna cikin birni. Masana'antar kera motoci ita ce ƙwarin gwiwa ga taken Oshawa na baya.

## Tarihi
Masana tarihi sun yi imanin cewa yankin da zai zama Oshawa ya fara ne a matsayin wurin canja wuri don cinikin fur. An yi cinikin Beaver da sauran dabbobin da 'yan asalin yankin suka makale don kiwo tare da ma'aikatan jirgin des bois. ’Yan asalin Mississauga ne suka yi lodin fursunoni a kan kwale-kwale a tashar ruwa ta Oshawa kuma aka kai su wuraren kasuwanci da ke yamma a bakin kogin Kiredit. [a buƙatu] A kusa da 1760, Faransawa sun gina wurin ciniki kusa da tashar jiragen ruwa. An yi watsi da wannan wurin bayan ’yan shekaru, amma rugujewar sa ya ba da matsuguni ga mazaunan farko na abin da ya zama Oshawa. Musamman ma, daya daga cikin masu sana'ar gashin gashi shine Moody Farewell, wani farkon mazaunin al'ummar wanda har ya kai ga canza sunanta.

Farkon masana'antar kera motoci
Babban labarin: Kamfanin Mota na McLaughlin
Col. R.S. McLaughlin da "Billy" Durant sun rattaba hannu kan kwangilar shekaru 15 a shekara ta 1907, inda kamfanin kera motoci na McLaughlin ya fara kera motoci da sunan McLaughlin, ta hanyar amfani da injunan Buick da sauran sassan injina. 1908 Buick ya hade cikin General Motors Holding jim kadan bayan haka, kuma a cikin 1915 kamfanin ya sami haƙƙin masana'anta ga alamar Chevrolet. A cikin shekaru uku, Kamfanin Motar Mota na McLaughlin da Kamfanin Motar Mota na Chevrolet na Kanada sun mallaki General Motors Holding a cikin 1916 a cikin 1918 ya haɗu da Chevrolet da Buick, ƙirƙirar General Motors na Kanada a cikin 1918 tare da McLaughlin a matsayin Shugaba.

## Manazarta
Respirations (tashar yanar gizo)

***Reparations*** wani gidan yanar gizo ne na Amurka wanda mai zane-zane Natasha Marin mazaunin Seattle ta kaddamar don ba da damar mutane masu gata su yi amfani da abin da za su iya don taimakawa mutane masu launi.   Marin ya bayyana cewa shafin yanar gizon ba shine game da ramuwa ga bautar ba, wanda Black Lives Matter ya kira a matsayin wani ɓangare na dandalinsa; Gidan yanar gizon Marin, wanda ya gaza, hanya ce da mutane za su bi don magance rikice-rikicen launin fata na zamani a Amurka . 
## Tarihi
A cikin Yuli 2016, mai zane-zane na Seattle Natasha Marin ya ƙaddamar da gwajin zamantakewa a matsayin shafin taron Facebook. Kwanaki uku bayan haka, aikin ya tafi hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri,  yana samun ɗaukar hoto na duniya a cikin Washington Post,  LA Times da The Guardian,  kuma ya faɗaɗa don haɗawa da gidan yanar gizo.  An tsara shi azaman aikin fasaha na ra'ayi, taron ne don Mutanen Launi don buga buƙatun da ba na zahiri ko na kayan abu waɗanda za su inganta rayuwarsu, kuma ga mutane masu gata da mutanen da suka bayyana a matsayin Fari don ba su gudummawa da ayyuka.   Gwajin zamantakewar da ba ta taɓa kasancewa game da "fararen laifi ba," Reparations sarari ne inda Amurkawa, ba tare da la'akari da kabila ba, za su iya mallakar tarihin da aka raba (NBC News).  Aikin ya shafi mutane sama da kwata miliyan a duk duniya, wasu daga cikinsu sun yi barazanar kisa ga Marin.  Aikin Reparations yana ci gaba da rayuwa ta hanyar rukunin Facebook mai zaman kansa, "Mayarda: Buƙatu da Kyauta," yana mai da hankali kan magance rashin daidaituwar kuɗin shiga na yau, ginin al'umma, kula da al'umma, da kuma kawo waraka da gyara da ake buƙata.

## Magana

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* 
* Current Facebook Reparations group
* 2016 Facebook event page
Burlington

Burlington, a hukuma ce birnin Burlington, birni ne kuma ƙaramar ƙaramar hukuma a yankin Halton a ƙarshen ƙarshen tafkin Ontario a cikin Ontario, Kanada. Burlington wani yanki ne na Babban Babban Yankin Toronto, yankin ƙididdigar Hamilton, da yankin Birane Horseshoe., 

## Tarihi

. An kwace otal din kuma an yi amfani da shi azaman asibitin soji a 1917, an ruguje da sake gina shi a shekarun 1930, sannan kuma aka rushe a 1964.
Kafin karni na 19, yankin da ke tsakanin babban birnin lardin York da garin West Flamborough gida ne ga al'ummar Mississauga. A cikin 1792, John Graves Simcoe, Laftanar Gwamna na Upper Canada, ya kira ƙarshen ƙarshen tafkin Ontario "Burlington Bay" bayan garin Bridlington a Gabashin Riding na Yorkshire, Ingila. 

Birtaniya sun sayi ƙasar da Burlington ke tsaye a yanzu daga Mississaugas a cikin Yarjejeniyar Kanada ta 3 (1792), 8 (1797), 14 (1806), da 19 (1818). Yarjejeniyar 8 ta shafi siyan Tract Tract, 14.0 km2 (kadada 3,450) akan Burlington Bay wanda Birtaniyya ta baiwa shugaban Mohawk Joseph Brant don hidimarsa a Yaƙin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka. Joseph Brant da iyalinsa sun zauna a wannan fili a wajen 1802. Don haka ana kiran Brant a matsayin wanda ya kafa Burlington, kuma har yanzu birnin Burlington yana bikin ranar Joseph Brant na shekara-shekara a farkon watan Agusta. rigingimu da suka biyo baya tsakanin Mississaugas na Kiredit First Nation da gwamnatin Kanada game da biyan kuɗin Brant Tract da Siyan Toronto an daidaita su a cikin 2010 akan adadin dala miliyan 145 (CAD).[ 

## ilimin sanin wurin
Geography
Burlingt yana kudu maso yammacin tafkin Ontario, kusa da arewa maso gabas na Hamilton da Niagara Peninsula, kusan a tsakiyar tsakiyar layin birni wanda aka sani da Golden Horseshoe. Burlington yana da yanki na 187 km2 (72 sq mi). Babban yankin birni yana kudu da Parkway Belt da Highway 407. Ƙasar arewacin wannan, kuma arewacin Aldershot ana amfani da shi da farko don aikin noma, mazaunin karkara da dalilai na kiyayewa. The Niagara Escarpment, Lake Ontario da kuma m fili tsakanin escarpment da tabkin ya ƙunshi ƙasar Burlington. Garin ba tashar jiragen ruwa ba ne; Ana amfani da tasoshin jiragen ruwa a yankin don dalilai na nishaɗi da kuma moor a marina na 215 a LaSalle Park.
## manazarta
Henry Fazzie

**Henry Mutile Fazzie** (3 Janairu 1924 - Agusta 2011) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne wanda ya wakilci jam'iyyar National Congress (ANC) a Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa har zuwa shekara ta 2009. Ya kasance farkon memba na Umkhonto we Sizwe kuma daga shekarun 1965 an ɗaure shi a tsibirin Robben na shekaru 12 saboda ayyukansa na siyasa. An sake tsare shi a cikin shekarar 1980s saboda ci gaba da gwagwarmayar yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata ta hanyar United Democratic Front da ƙungiyoyin jama'a.

## Rayuwar farko da gwagwarmayar yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata
An haifi Fazzie a ranar 3 ga watan Janairu 1924 a Stutterheim a tsohuwar lardin Cape.  Ya shiga jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC) da ƙungiyar kwadago a shekarun 1950 a farkon shekarun mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata  kuma a farkon shekarun 1960 ya tafi gudun hijira a ƙasashen waje don shiga Umkhonto we Sizwe, sabon reshen jam'iyyar ANC da aka kafa (kuma ba bisa ka'ida ba). Ya samu horon soji a ƙasar Habasha. Duk da haka, a hanyarsu ta komawa Afirka ta Kudu, an kama shi da ƙungiyarsa a Kudancin Rhodesia kuma aka tasa keyarsu zuwa Afirka ta Kudu domin yi musu shari'a. Wasu da aka tsare tare da shi daga baya sun shaida wa hukumar gaskiya da sasantawa cewa an azabtar da su a tsare.

A ranar 1 ga watan Afrilu 1965, an yanke wa Fazzie hukunci a ƙarƙashin Dokar Sabotage kuma an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 20 a gidan yari, ko da yake daga baya an rage masa hukuncin zuwa shekaru 12 a kan ɗaukaka ƙara. An ɗaure shi a tsibirin Robben. Mahaifinsa ya koya masa yin kaciya kuma ya zama likitan fiɗa ga matasa fursunoni. 

Bayan da aka sake shi, Fazzie yana da hannu sosai a cikin kafa Port Elizabeth Black Civic Organization (PEBCO); Daga karshe ya zama mataimakin shugaban ƙungiyar. A cikin shekarar 1980s, ya kasance shugaban yanki na reshen Cape na United Democratic Front, wanda ya shirya manyan ƙauracewa mabuƙaci a Port Elizabeth.  A cikin shekarar 1986, bayan ya saba wa dokar hanawa da ta shafi harkokin siyasarsa, an tsare shi ba tare da shari'a ba har kusan shekaru uku a gidan yarin St Alban.   Bayan an sake shi yana aiki a ƙungiyar kula da al'amuran al'umma ta Afirka ta Kudu.  

## Aikin doka: 1994-2009
Bayan zaɓen Dimokuraɗiyya na farko a Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1994, Fazzie ya wakilci ANC a sabuwar majalisar. Tun da farko ba a sake zaɓen shi a shekarar 1999 ba, amma ya koma Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa  ba da daɗewa ba a wa’adin majalisa, a ranar 3 ga watan Mayu, 2000, don cike gurbin da ba ta dace ba.  Ko da yake ya yi ritaya bayan zaɓen gama-gari na shekarar 2004, ya sake komawa kan kujerarsa a ranar 19 ga watan Satumba 2007, a wannan karon ya cike gurbin da Mbulelo Goniwe ya yi murabus;  ya bar majalisar ne gaba ɗaya bayan babban zaɓe na gaba a shekarar 2009.

## Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa
Ya auri Buiswa Fazzie, wanda yake da 'ya'ya da jikoki.  Ya mutu a tsakiyar watan Agusta 2011 a asibiti a Port Alfred. 

## Manazarta
HMS Romney (1694)

**HMS Romney** ya kasance jirgin ruwa mai lamba 50-bindigu na hudu na layin Royal Navy, wanda Sir Henry Johnson ya ba da umarnin gina shi ta hanyar kwangilar kasuwanci ta Sir Henry Johnson a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba 1693 (tare da 'yar uwarta, Colchester - an sanya hannu kan kwangilar duka jiragen biyu a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu 1694), kuma an ƙaddamar da jiragen biyu a gidan kwangilar Blackwall Oktoba 1695 a 23. Kyaftin Edmund Loades, don hidima a cikin Bahar Rum.

Kyaftin William Coney ya ba da umarnin, Romney ya rushe a kan Bishop & Clerks Rocks, a gefen Scilly Isles a ranar 26 ga Oktoba 1707 lokacin da wani mummunan bala'i ya aika da jirgin Admiral Sir Cloudesley Shovell ta hanyar ruwa mai haɗari yayin da suke kan hanyarsu daga Gibraltar zuwa Portsmouth. An yi asarar jiragen ruwa guda huɗu (Romney, Association, Firebrand da Eagle), tare da kusan 2,000. Romney ya bugi Bishop Rock kuma ya tafi tare da duka sai daya daga cikin ma'aikatanta. Wanda ya tsira shine George Lawrence, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mahauci kafin ya shiga cikin jirgin Romney a matsayin mai kula da kwata. Bala'in sojan ruwa na Scillies na ɗaya daga cikin bala'o'in ruwa mafi girma a tarihin Biritaniya. Babban sakamakon wannan bala'i ne Hukumar Admiralty ta kafa wata gasa don samar da ingantacciyar hanya don tantance tsawon lokaci.

## Manazarta
Quibek

Quebec  ita ce lardin mafi girma a Kanada ta yanki. yana cikin tsakiyar Kanada, lardin yana da iyaka da lardunan Ontario zuwa yamma, Newfoundland da Labrador zuwa arewa maso gabas, New Brunswick zuwa kudu maso gabas da iyakar bakin teku tare da yankin Nunavut. A kudu, tana da iyaka da Amurka.

Tsakanin 1534 zuwa 1763, abin da ke yanzu Quebec shine mulkin mallaka na Faransa na Kanada kuma shi ne mafi girma a cikin sabuwar Faransa. Bayan Yaƙin Shekaru Bakwai, Kanada ta zama mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya, da farko a matsayin lardin Quebec (1763-1791), sannan Lower Canada (1791-1841), sannan a ƙarshe wani yanki na Lardin Kanada (1841-1867) sakamakon Tawayen Ƙasar Kanada. An haɗa ta da Ontario, Nova Scotia, da New Brunswick a cikin 1867. Har zuwa farkon 1960s, Cocin Katolika ta taka rawa sosai a cikin cibiyoyin zamantakewa da al'adu a Quebec. Koyaya, Juyin Juyin Juya Hali na 1960s zuwa 1980 ya ƙara rawar da Gwamnatin Quebec ke takawa a l'État québécois (hukumar jama'a).

## Asali
Sunan Québec ya fito ne daga kalmar Algonquin ma'ana 'yar kunkuntar hanya' ko 'matsayi'.  Asalin sunan yana nufin yankin da ke kusa da birnin Quebec inda kogin Saint Lawrence ya kunkuntar zuwa wani gibi mai layin dutse. Bambance-bambancen farko a cikin rubutun sun haɗa da Québecq da Kébec. bafaranshe mai binciken Samuel de Champlain ya zaɓi sunan Québec a cikin 1608 don tashar mulkin mallaka wanda zai yi amfani da shi azaman kujerar gudanarwa na Sabuwar Faransa.

## Tarihi
Hoton Jacques Cartier na Théophile Hamel, 1844
Paleo-Indiyawa, waɗanda aka yi la'akari da cewa sun yi ƙaura daga Asiya zuwa Amurka tsakanin shekaru 20,000 zuwa 14,000 da suka gabata, su ne mutanen farko da suka kafa kansu a ƙasashen Quebec, sun isa bayan Laurentide Ice Sheet ya narke kusan shekaru 11,000 da suka gabata.] Daga cikinsu, ƙungiyoyin al'adu da yawa sun fito. Ta hanyar binciken Turai na 1500s, akwai 'yan asalin ƙasa goma sha ɗaya: Inuit da ƙasashe goma na farko - Abenakis, Algonquins (ko Anichinabés), Atikamekw, Cree, Huron-Wyandot, Maliseet, Miꞌkmaqs, Iroquois, Innu da Naskapis.

## Manazarta
Anya Oko Anya

**Anya Oko Anya** (an haife shi 3 ga watan Janairu 1937) farfesa ne a fannin ilimin Biology ɗan Najeriya wanda ya bambanta da aikinsa a Parasitology.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Anya Oko Anya a ranar 3 ga watan Janairun 1937  a Abiriba, Jihar Abia ta Najeriya. Ya halarci Makarantar Koyarwa ta Hope Waddell, Calabar, Kwalejin Jami'a, Ibadan, Kwalejin Saint John, Cambridge, Ingila da Molteno Institute of Biology and Parasitology. 

Ya fara aikin sa a matsayin Digiri na Kimiyya da Sakandare na Qua-Iboe Mission, Etinan, Jihar Akwa Ibom a 1957. An nada shi Jami’in Bincike, Hukumar Binciken Kifi ta Tarayya, Legas, 1961-1962;  Lecturer, Makarantar Kimiyya ta Tarayya, Legas, 1961-1962;  Jami'in Bincike, Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Tarayya, Ibadan, 1963-1967;  Malami a Zoology, Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka, 1965-1967;  Babban Malami, Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha Project, Port Harcourt, 1967-1970; Babban Lecturer, Jami’ar Nijeriya, Nsukka, 1970–1973; Farfesa na Zoology, Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka tun 1973,  shi ne babban jami'in zartarwa na farko na Nigerian Economic Summit Group Ltd.  Shi ne Shugaban Hukumar Gudanarwa na Nigerian National Merit Award, Tsohon Shugaban Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Najeriya kuma tsohon shugaban jami'a kuma shugaban majalisar gudanarwa na Jami'ar Aikin Gona ta Michael Okpara, Jihar Umudi, Jihar Umudi.

## Kyauta
Gwamnatin Najeriya ta ba Anya lambar yabo ta kasa Nigerian National Order of Medal of Merit (NNOM) a shekarar 1992. 

An ba Anya lambar yabo ta Jami'in Order of Federal Republic (OFR)

Anya mabiyi ne, Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Najeriya

## Manazarta
Abdulaziz al-shalal

Abdulaziz al-Shalal (Larabci: عبد العزيز الشلال) tsohon babban hafsan 'yan sandan sojan Siriya ne. Ya sanar da sauya sheka zuwa dakarun adawa a cikin wani faifan bidiyo da gidan talabijin na Al Arabiya ya nuna a ranar 25 ga Disamba 2012.

## Manazarta
Abdul zahir(Guantanamo Bay detainee 753

Abdul Zahir (عبدالذهر; an haife shi a shekara ta 1972) ɗan ƙasar Afganistan ne, wanda ake tsare da shi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba a sansanonin tsare mutane na Guantanamo Bay na Amurka, a ƙasar Cuba. Shi ne fursuna na goma, kuma ɗan Afganistan na farko, da ya fuskanci tuhuma a gaban kwamitocin soja na Guantanamo na farko da shugaban ƙasa ya ba da izini.[6] Bayan da Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta yanke hukuncin cewa Shugaban kasa ba shi da ikon kafa kwamitocin soja, Majalisar Dokokin Amurka ta zartar da Dokar Hukumar Soja ta 2006. Ba a tuhume shi a wannan tsarin ba.

An amince da Zahir don canja wuri a ranar 11 ga Yuli, 2016.[7] A ranar 17 ga Janairu, 2017, kwanaki hudu gabanin rantsar da Donald Trump, an tura maza goma daga Guantanamo, yayin da jami’an Amurka da Omani suka ki bayyana mutanen, lauyan Abdul Zahir ya shaida wa kamfanin dillancin labarai na Associated Press cewa an sake shi.[9][10]

## Lokuttan baya
An mayar da Abdul Zahir zuwa Guantanamo a ranar 28 ga Oktoba, 2002.

Ana tuhumar Zahir da laifin hada baki, taimakon abokan gaba da kai hari kan fararen hula dangane da harin gurneti da ya raunata 'yar jaridar Canada Kathleen Kenna.[13][14] Kenna ta rubuta op-ed game da yadda ta ji game da shari’ar Abdul Zahir a ranar 27 ga Disamba, 2009.[15] Ta rubuta cewa ita da abokan aikinta ba sa sha’awar azaba. Ta rubuta cewa tana fatan Abdul Zahir ya samu hukunci na gaskiya. Ta rubuta cewa ita da abokan aikinta ba za su iya tantance maharan ba. A cewar ɗan tarihi Andy Worthington, marubucin The Guantanamo Files, Kenna ta op-ed ya kamata ya kunyata gwamnatin Amurka.[13]

## Manazarta
Abdul Aminu

Abdul Aminu (an haife shi a shekara ta 1965) shi ne ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Nijeriya . Ya buga wa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Najeriya wasanni goma daga 1990 zuwa 1992. An kuma sanya sunan shi a cikin 'yan wasan Najeriya da za su buga gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka a 1990.

## Manazarta
Abdul al salam al hilal

**Abd al-Salam al-Hilah** ɗan ƙasar Yemen ne wanda ake tsare da shi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba a sansanin kurkukun Guantanamo Bay na Amurka, a ƙasar Cuba.

Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta lissafa wurin da aka haife shi a matsayin Sanaa, Yemen da ranar haihuwarsa a ranar 30 ga Janairu, 1968.

## Tsare CIA
An kama Al-Hilah ne, a birnin Alkahira, a ranar 19 ga Satumba, 2002, a lokacin da yake tafiya ta kasuwanci. John Sifton na kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Human Rights Watch, ya ce Al-Hilah ya bace ne, tsawon watanni goma sha takwas, kafin ya bace a tsare a Amurka a sansanin sojojin ruwan Amurka da ke Guantanamo Bay a kasar Cuba[8]. Bisa ga bayanan likitancin da aka buga a ranar 16 ga Maris, 2007, “lokacin da ake aiwatarwa” a Guantanamo shine Satumba 20, 2004.[9]

Tun lokacin da ya isa Guantanamo Bay, yana daya daga cikin fursunoni kusan 200 da aka shigar da karar a madadinsa. A tattaunawar da aka yi da lauyansa na baya-bayan nan, al-Hilah ya ce bayan kama shi an aika shi zuwa Baku Azarbaijan na tsawon watanni biyu, sannan ya shafe watanni 16 a sansanonin sirri a Afghanistan, ciki har da " kurkukun duhu "

## Manazarta