Aljeriya Laya

Argelia Laya (10 Yuli 1926 - 27 Nuwamba 1997) malami ce ta Afro-Venezuelan kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata. Ta yi yakin neman zaben mata kuma ta kasance daya daga cikin matan Venezuelan na farko da suka fito karara suka yi magana game da 'yancin mace na samun 'ya'ya ba tare da aure ba ko kuma zubar da ciki. Ta bayar da shawarar a haramta zubar da ciki da kuma hakkin dalibai da malamai su halarci makaranta ba tare da la’akari da ko suna da ciki ba. A cikin 1960s, ta yi aiki a matsayin mayaka na jam'iyyar gurguzu, daga baya ta fice daga jam'iyyar don taimakawa wajen kafa kungiyar Movement to Socialism (MAS) .

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Argelia Mercedes Laya López a ranar 10 ga Yuli 1926 a kan gonar cacao a San José del Río Chico, a cikin jihar Miranda, Venezuela, zuwa Rosario López da Pedro María Laya. Ita ce ta uku cikin 'yan'uwa hudu  kuma ta kasance al'adun Afro-Venezuelan . Domin mahaifinta ya shiga cikin ƙungiyoyi masu dauke da makamai a kan mai mulkin kama-karya Juan Vicente Gómez .An ɗaure shi sau  a ƙarshe an kore shi daga Miranda a 1936.  Ya rasu a wannan shekarar, ya bar iyalin su fuskanci matsalolin kuɗi.Caracas inda Laya ta shiga Makarantar Al'ada . Yayin da har yanzu tana makaranta, ta kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Littattafai ta ɗalibai kuma ta yi amfani da ita a matsayin dandalin muhawara don 'yancin mata na ilimi da daidaiton zamantakewa da siyasa. Ta tsara ra'ayoyinta a cikin shirin kasa na kafa ka'idoji da dabaru don kawar da wariyar jinsi. Ta kammala karatun digirinta na koyarwa a shekarar 1945 tana da shekara 19. 

## Sana'o'i
A wannan shekarar, wani juyin mulki ya hambarar da gwamnatin Shugaba Isaías Medina Angarita kuma aka tura Laya zuwa La Guaira don yin kamfen na karantarwa. kuma ya zama sakataren kungiyar har zuwa 1958.  Ta yi kira da a yi muhawara tare da yin kira da a ba wa mata damar zabe. A cikin shekarunta na koyarwa, Laya ta haifi ɗa kuma a matsayin mahaifiyar da ba ta yi aure ba an daga koyarwa. Rubuta wasiƙar rashin amincewa ga Ministan Ilimi, Luis Beltrán Pietro Figueroa, ta ba da hakkinta na zama marar aure kuma ta haifi ɗa kuma 'yancinta ba shi da ra'ayi ya hana ta neman sabis ga ɗanta daga kungiyoyi kamar kula da yara da wuraren kiwon lafiya. Bayan watanni da yawa, an bar ta ta koma koyarwa, amma ta ƙara yin magana game da hanyoyin da mata ke fuskantar wariya. 

Laya kuma ta shirya Kwamitin Mata na Hukumar Kishin Kishin Kasa ( Spanish   ya yi aiki a te Legion of Women Nationalists ( Spanish   ). Koyar da azuzuwan a cikin lafiyar hankali ta ba da shawarar kare haƙƙin jima'i da haifuwa na mata, bayar da shawarwari ga duka lafiyayyen ciki da zubar da ciki. Laya ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin farkon matan Venezuela da ke ba da shawarar haƙƙin zubar da ciki da kuma ɓata tsarin.  Daga baya Laya ta shiga cikin wadannan batutuwa a lokacinta na zama memba na kungiyar Venezuelan don madadin ilimin jima'i da kare matan da aka keta.  Ta zama mataimakiyar sakatare na kungiyar malamai ta Venezuelan kuma mai aiki tare da kwamitin gudanarwa na kungiyar 'yan jarida da marubuta a babban birnin Vargas . Lara ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar jami'ar Victor Camejo Oberto Popular University.

A cikin 1950s, Laya ya shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Venezuela don adawa da kama-karya Marcos Pérez Jiménez . Shekaru biyu bayan haka, ta yi aure kuma daga baya ta haifi 'ya'ya uku. A shekara ta 1959, don mayar da martani ga matsalolin siyasa a kasar, ta shiga kungiyoyin gurguzu na Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin Kwamandan Jacinta.  Ta shafe shekaru shida tana shiga ayyukan 'yan daba a matsayin wani bangare na karkashin kasa. yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar Majalisar Farko ta Mata ta Venezuela. Da yake ba da shawara kan kariyar wuraren aiki da suka haɗa da hutun haihuwa da cibiyoyin kula da yara, Majalisar ta taimaka wajen samar da dokoki don kare lafiya da yanayin aikin ma'aikata.  A ƙarshen lokacinta tare da ƙungiyar masu fafutuka, ta ƙara sha'awar bayar da shawarwari ga haƙƙin mutane marasa galihu (mata, tsiraru da masu aiki) maimakon yaƙin soja da ikon siyasa akan Venezuela.  A farkon shekarun 1970, ta shiga cikin gungun ‘yan gurguzu na jam’iyyar gurguzu, wadda ta rabu kuma ta kafa kungiyar Movement to Socialism (MAS). A matsayinta na daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa, Laya ita ce mace ta farko da ta taba samun irin wannan babban matsayi a kowace jam'iyyar siyasa a Venezuela. Kafin rabuwar Laya ta halarci wani bikin baje koli da jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Faransa ta shirya, domin har yanzu ta bayyana kanta a matsayin 'yar gurguzu a wancan lokacin, inda ta samu damar bi ta kasashen Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria da Tarayyar Soviet. A cikin wannan tafiya, ta gano cewa matsalar machismo ba kawai ta wanzu a al'adun Latin ba amma wani lamari ne na duniya. Rashin daidaituwar albashin aiki a cikin waɗannan ƙasashe, da nata, ya kasance babban batu wanda Laya za ta ba da kwarin gwiwa a kansa. Shekarar 1970 shekara ce ta canji a ra'ayoyinta na siyasa yayin da ta kawo ƙarshen shekaru 20 na ƙungiyar gurguzu don komawa ga gurguzu.  A matsayinta na sakatariyar mata na sabuwar jam’iyyar, ta matsa lamba kan a kafa dokar da’a don kare ma’aikata, dokokin da za su haramta cin zarafin mata. 

A cikin 1980s, Laya ta yi aiki a Hukumar Bayar da Shawarar Mata ga Shugabancin Jamhuriyyar kuma ta kasance mai ba da shawara ga Cibiyar Nazarin Al'adu ta Mata Baƙar fata.  A cikin 1982, ta shiga cikin gyare-gyaren kundin tsarin mulki don kawar da nuna bambanci a cikin hanyoyin daukar nauyin kare hakkin iyaye mata da yara, an zaɓi ta don halartar taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Uku kan Mata, wanda aka gudanar a Nairobi, Kenya a matsayin wakiliyar Venezuela. A cikin shekaru goma, ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin wakiliyar Venezuela a Hukumar Mata ta Amurka da ke tsakanin Amurka kuma tana cikin shirin kula da lafiyar mata da gwamnati ta yi. A cikin 1988 Laya bai yi nasara ba a matsayin dan takarar MAS na gwamnan jihar Miranda kuma bayan shekaru biyu, ya zama shugaban jam'iyya. Tare da wannan nasarar, ta sami lakabi na mace ta farko kuma ta farko a Afirka ( Afro-Latina / Afro-Venezuelan ) don samun irin wannan matsayi.  A cikin 1994 ta halarci Taron Farko don Tattaunawa Mata da Ilimi a Bolivia . A can, ta taimaka wajen tsara wani shiri na kawar da jima'i ta hanyar ilimi. Shirin ya bukaci batutuwan da suka shafi jinsi su zama wani muhimmin bangare na nazari da tattaunawa a duk tsawon karatun mutum. 

## Mutuwa
Laya ya mutu a ranar 27 ga Nuwamba 1997 a Caracas yana da shekaru 71. 

## Manazarta

### ambato

### Littafi Mai Tsarki