Aristoxenus

**Aristoxenus na Tarentum** (; haihuwa  375, ku. 335 BC) wani masanin falsafa ne na Peripatetic, kuma dalibin Aristotle. Yawancin rubuce-rubucensa, waɗanda suka yi magana akan falsafa, kyawawan ɗabi'u da waka, sun ɓace, amma ɗaya daga cikin rubutun wakarsa, *Elements of Harmony* (Girkanci: Ἁρμονικὰ στοιχεῖα; Latin : *Elementa harmonica*, ya tsira amma ba duka ba da kuma wasu sassa da suka shafi amshi da metre. . Wakar *Elements* shine babban tushen ilimin mu na yanzu akan tsofaffin wakokin kasar Girka. 

## Rayuwa
An haifi Aristoxenus a Tarentum (Apulia a yau, kudancin Italiya), kuma ɗa ne ga ƙwararren mawaƙi mai suna Spintharus (ko kuma Mnesias).  Ya koyi kiɗa daga mahaifinsa, kuma tun lokacin da Lamprus na Erythrae da Xenophilus, almajiran Pythagoras sun koyar da shi, a ƙarshe ya zama almajirin Aristotle,  wanda ya bayyana ya yi fice acikin nau'ikan karatunsa. A cewar *Suda*,  ya zagi Aristotle bayan mutuwarsa, saboda Aristotle ya nada Theophrastus a matsayin shugaban makarantar Peripatetic na gaba, matsayin da Aristoxenus da kansa ya yi sha'awar samun manyan nasarori a matsayinsa na almajirin Aristotle. Wannan labarin, duk da haka, ya saba wa Aristocles, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa kawai ya ambaci Aristotle tare da girmamawa mafi girma. Babu wani abu da aka sani game da rayuwarsa bayan lokacin tafiyar Aristotle, baya ga sharhi akan *Elementa Harmonica* game da ayyukansa. 

## Bayanin ayyukansa

An ce rubuce-rubucensa sun ƙunshi littattafai ɗari huɗu da hamsin da uku,  kuma sun yi magana game da falsafa, ɗabi'a da wakoki. Ko da yake shekarunsa na ƙarshe sun kasance a makarantar Peripatetic, kuma yayi fatan ya gaji Aristotle bayan mutuwarsa, Aristoxenus ya horu sosai daga  Pythagoreanism, kuma ya kasance mabiyin Aristotle ne kawai saboda Aristotle ya kasance mabiyin Plato da Pythagoras. Don haka, kamar yadda Sophie Gibson ya gaya mana,  "Tasirin falsafa iri-iri" akan Aristoxenus sun haɗa da tasowa a babban birnin Pythagorean Taras (Tarentum), gida kuma ga daliban Pythagoreans guda biyu, Archytas da Philolaus, da mahaifinsa mawakin (Pythagorean), wanda ya cusa wa dansa. Gibson ya gaya mana cewa, bayan tasirin mahaifinsa:

## Sauran ayyuka
Littafin Wehrli yana gabatar da shaidun da suka tsira na ayyukansa tare da lakabi masu zuwa (ba tare da tabbacin wurare da dama ba ):

* *Rayuwar Pythagoras* (Πυθαγόρου βίος): fr. 11 Wehrli
* *Kan Pythagoras da almajiransa* (Περὶ Πυθαγόρου καὶ τῶν γνωρίμων αὐτοῦ): fr. 14 Wehrli
* *Akan rayuwar Pythagorean* (Περὶ τοῦ Πυθαγορικοῦ βίου): fr. 31 Wehrli
* *Pythagorean maxims* ko *Pythagorean negations* (Πυθαγορικαὶ ἀποφάσεις): fr. 34 Wuri
* *Al'adun ilimi* ko *Dokokin ilimi* (Παιδευτικοὶ νόμοι): fr. 42-43 Wehrli
* *Dokokin Siyasa* (Πολιτικοὶ νόμοι): fr. 44-45 Wehrli
* *Halin Mantinean* (Μαντινέων ἔθη): fr. 45, I, layi na 1–9 Wehrli
* *Yabon Mantineans* (Μαντινέων ἐγκώμιον): fr. 45, I, layi na 10–12 Wehrli
* *Rayuwar Architas (Ἀρχύτα βίος* ): fr. 47-50 Wehrli
* *Rayuwar [[Socrates]] (Σωκράτους βίος* ): fr. 54 Wuri
* *Rayuwar Plato* (Πλάτωνος βίος): fr. 64 Wuri
* *A kan tonoi* (Περὶ τόνων): taƙaitaccen zance a cikin sharhin Porphyry akan Ptolemy's , shafi na.&nbsp;78 Düring (ba Wehrli ya gyara ba)
* *Kan kiɗa* (Περὶ μουσικῆς): fr. 80, 82, 89 Wehrli
* *Akan sauraron kiɗa* ko *kwas ɗin Lecture akan kiɗa* (Μουσικὴ ἀκρόασις): fr. 90 Wehrli
* *Kan Praxidamas* (Πραξιδαμάντεια): fr. 91 Wuri
* *Kan waƙoƙin waƙa* ko *Kan kiɗa a cikin waƙar waƙa* (Περὶ μελοποιίας): fr. 93 Wuri
* *Akan kayan kida* (Περὶ ὀργάνων): fr. 94–95, 102 Wehrli
* *Kan aulos* (Περὶ αὐλῶν): fr. 96 Waziri
* *A kan auletes* (Περὶ αὐλητῶν): fr. 100 Wehrli
* *A kan m na aulos* (Περὶ αὐλῶν τρήσεως): fr. 101 Wehrli
* *Kan waƙoƙin waƙa* (Περὶ χορῶν): fr. 103 Wehrli
* *Kan rawa mai ban tausayi* (Περὶ τραγικῆς ὀρχήσεως): fr. 104-106 Wehrli
* *Kwatanta raye-raye* (Συγκρίσεις): fr. 109 Wehrli
* *Akan mawaƙa masu ban tausayi* (Περὶ τραγῳδοποιῶν): fr. 113 Wehrli
* *Rayuwar Telestes* (Τελέστου βίος): fr. 117 Wehrli (a cewar wanda wannan Telestes shine mawaƙin dithyrambic )
* *Maganar tebur dabam-dabam* ko *Tambayoyi daban-daban* (Σύμμικτα συμποτικά): fr. 124 Wehrli
* *Bayanan kula* ko *Memorabilia* (Ὑπομνήματα), *Bayanan tarihi* (Ἱστορικὰ ὑπομνήματα), *Takaitaccen bayanin kula* (Κατὰ βραχὰ *βραχὺ βραχὺ βραχὺ* ὑπ΍΍΍΍΍ομne) ικτα ὑπομνήματα), *Random jottings* (Τὰ σποράδην): fr. 128–132, 139 Wehrli

## Wallafa-wallafe da fassarori

* Barker, Andrew (1989). *Rubutun Kiɗa na Girka*, vol. 2: *Harmonic and Acoustic Theory* (Cambridge), shafi.&nbsp;119–89, Fassarar Ingilishi tare da gabatarwa da bayanin kula, 
* Macran, Henry Stewart (1902). *The Harmonics of Aristoxenus* (Oxford), rubutun Girkanci tare da fassarar Turanci da bayanin kula ( archive.org,  )
* Marquard, Paul (1868). *Die harmonischen Fragmente des Aristoxenus* (Berlin), rubutun Girkanci tare da fassarar Jamusanci da sharhi ( , Google Books )
* Pearson, Lionel (1990). *Aristoxenus: Elementa rhythmica.* *Rukunin Littafi na II da ƙarin shaida don ka'idar rhythmic Aristoxenean* (Oxford), rubutun Greek tare da gabatarwa, fassarar, da sharhi, 
* Wehrli, Fritz (1967). *Die Schule des Aristoteles*, vol. 2: *Aristoxenos*, na biyu. ed. (Basel/Stuttgart), Rubutun Helenanci (ban da gutsure masu jituwa, gutsuttsura rhythmic, *A Tsawon Farko*, da *Kan tonoi* : duba shafi na.&nbsp;28) tare da sharhi cikin Jamusanci
* Westphal, Rudolf (1883-1893). *Aristoxenus von Tarent: Melik und Rhythmik des classischen Hellenenthums*, 2 vols. (Leipzig) ( , juzu'i na 2 )
* Westphal, Rudolf (1861). *Die Fragmente und die Lehrsätze der griechischen Rhythmiker* (Leipzig), shafi na.&nbsp;26–41, Rubutun Helenanci na *Elementa rhythmica* da *Akan Tsawon Farko* (  )

## Duba kuma

* Koyarwar Plato da ba a rubuta ba, don rahoton Aristoxenus akan Laccar Plato akan Mai Kyau.

## Bayanan kula

## Manazarta