Kariyar Kasa

Mai **kare ƙasa, mai kare ƙasa**, ko **Mai kare muhalli,** ɗan fafutuka ne wanda ke aiki dan kare ƙasar ƙasa da haƙƙin ɗan adam zuwa lafiya, muhalli mai lafiya.    Masu kariyar filaye galibi ƴan al'ummomin ƴan asalin ne waɗanda ke kare haƙƙinsu na ƙasarsu da al'adunsu na ƙasa.   Masu kare filaye sun ki amincewa da kalmar "mai zanga-zangar" saboda sun yi imanin cewa yana da mummunan ma'ana da alaka da mulkin mallaka; suna da'awar cewa suna gudanar da wani aiki mai tsarki ta hanyar rashin turjiya daga ayyukan da ke jefa kasa cikin hatsari.  Ana ɗaukar ƙasar a matsayin mai tsarki a wurin ƴan asalin ƙasar kuma kulawa da kare ƙasa ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wajibi na girmama kakanni, ga mutanen yanzu, da kuma tsararraki masu zuwa. 

Masu kare filaye na fuskantar tsanantawa mai tsanani daga manyan kawancen siyasa da na kasuwanci wadanda ke cin gajiyar hakar albarkatu da ci gaba. *Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya* (UNHRC) ta yanke shawarar cewa masu kare kasa na daga cikin masu kare hakkin bil adama wadanda suka fi fallasa da kuma cikin hadari.  Global Witness ta ba da rahoton kisan gilla 1,922 na masu kare kasa a cikin kasashe 57 tsakanin 2002 da 2019, tare da ’yan asalin kasar sun kai kusan kashi daya bisa uku na wannan jimillar. Takardun wannan tashin hankalin shima bai cika ba. Wakilin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na musamman kan kare hakkin dan adam ya ruwaito cewa kusan masu kare kasa dari ana tsoratarwa, kama su ko kuma musgunawa duk wanda aka kashe. 

## Matsayi da gwagwarmaya
Masu tsaron ƙasa suna taka rawar gani sosai kuma a bayyane cikin ayyukan da aka yi niyya don karewa, girmamawa, da bayyana mahimmancin ƙasa. Akwai ƙaƙƙarfan haɗi tsakanin motsi mai kariyar ruwa motsi motsi na kare ƙasa da gwagwarmayar muhalli na 'yan asalin ƙasar.   Masu kariyar filaye suna adawa da shigar da bututun mai, masana'antun man fetur,  lalata yankuna don ci gaba kamar noma ko gidaje, da ayyukan hakar albarkatu irin su fracking saboda waɗannan ayyukan na iya haifar da lalacewar ƙasa, lalata gandun daji, da rushewa. na wurin zama.   Masu kare filaye suna adawa da ayyukan da ke cutar da ƙasa, musamman a duk faɗin yankunan 'yan asalin kuma aikinsu yana da alaƙa da yancin ɗan adam.  Yazzie ya yi nuni ga dabarun juriya na masu tsaron ƙasa na Diné da matsayinsu na adawa da jari hujja da ƙiyayyar ci gaba akan hakar albarkatu kamar yadda suke da alaƙa sosai da al'adun daɗaɗɗen juriya na Diné. 

Ƙarfafawa na iya zuwa ta hanyar kafa shingen shinge a wuraren ajiyar ƙasa ko yankunan gargajiya don toshe kamfanoni daga ayyukan hakar albarkatu.    Masu kare ruwa da kasa kuma sun kafa sansani a matsayin hanyar mamaye yankunan gargajiya da karfafa alakar al'adu. Masu kare filaye kuma suna aiki ta hanyar tsarin doka kamar tsarin kotunan gwamnati a ƙoƙarin ci gaba da kula da yankunan gargajiya.   Ayyukan rashin biyayya na farar hula da masu kariyar filaye ke yi, ana aikata su akai-akai kuma wasu sun yi gardama kan laifin 'yan sanda da tashin hankali.   Matsayin kare ƙasa wani matsayi ne da mata ke ɗauka akai-akai, inda mata ke fitowa a gaban shingen shinge da kuma zanga-zangar adawa. 

## Hatsari da ke fuskantar masu tsaron ƙasa
Masu kare filaye sukan fuskanci yanayi mai hatsarin gaske wajen adawa da ikon jihohi, kamfanonin albarkatun kasa kamar gas ko na ma'adinai, wasu da ke neman bunkasa filaye ko kashe 'yan asalin kasar hakokin.   Middeldorp da Le Billon sun yi nuni da haɗarin da masu tsaron ƙasa ke fuskanta musamman a gwamnatocin kama-karya. A cikin labarinsu na 2018 kan batun batun kisan gillar da aka yi wa wasu masu kare kasa a Honduras.  May *et al* haɗe da danne hakkin ƴan asalin ƙasar da tarihin tsoratarwa, dabarun tashin hankali da kisan kai ga masu kare ƙasa zuwa ci gaban tattalin arziƙi da kuma "ƙasar ƙasa" a cikin ƙasashe masu mulkin mallaka.  Rundunar ‘yan sandan kasar Kanada, RCMP, ta shirya yin amfani da muggan karfi a kan masu kare kasa a wata zanga-zangar 2019 a British Columbia .  Dunlop ya haɗu da ayyukan cin zarafi ga masu kare ƙasa a ƙasashe kamar Mexico a matsayin ramuwar gayya ga ci gaban tattalin arziki da hakar albarkatu. 

Kungiyar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Global Witness ta ruwaito cewa an kashe masu kare kasa 164 a cikin 2018 a kasashe irin su Philippines, Brazil, India, da kuma Guatemala .  Wannan rahoton ya bayyana cewa adadin mutanen da aka kashe, da suka jikkata, da kuma barazanar ‘yan asalin kasar ne.  Le Billon da Lujala sun bayar da rahoton cewa, an kashe akalla masu kare muhalli da filaye 1734 a tsakanin shekarar 2002 zuwa 2018, kuma ‘yan asalin kasar sun fi fuskantar hadari, wanda adadinsu ya haura kashi uku na masu kare filaye da aka kashe.  Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta bayar da rahoton cewa gwamnatocin jihohin kasar da dama ne ake yiwa masu kare filaye lakabi da 'yan ta'adda a kokarinsu na bata sunan su.  Irin wannan lakabin na iya haifar da yanayi mai haɗari ga waɗanda ke aiki don kare haƙƙin ƙasa.  *Yale Environment 360* ya ba da rahoton cewa an kashe aƙalla masu fafutukar kare muhalli 212 da masu kare ƙasa a cikin 2019. Aƙalla kashi 40% na waɗannan mutanen ƴan asalin ƙasar ne.  Fiye da rabin kisan da aka bayar da rahoton a cikin 2019 sun faru a Colombia . da Philippines .  

Kungiyar kare hakkin bil’adama ta Amnesty International ta yi kira da a kara wayar da kan jama’a kan hadurran da ke fuskantar masu neman kare kasa, da ruwa da kuma al’umma, inda ta kira Latin Amurka wuri mafi hadari ga masu kare kasa.   Asusun kare muhalli ya ba da rahoton cewa an kashe sama da masu kare 1700 tare  Ƙarƙashin Ƙarfafa ya yi aiki don kawo hankali ga halin da ake ciki na masu kare ƙasa da kuma girmama wadanda aka kashe  da kuma aikin masu kare ƙasa an danganta su da ayyukan adalci na yanayi kamar Climate Strike Canada. 

## An kashe masu tsaron kasa

* Berta Isabel Cáceres Flores (4 Maris 1971 - 2 Maris 2016) Mai fafutukar kare muhalli ta Honduras, shugabar 'yan asalin
* Paulo Paulino Guajajara, Brazil, an kashe shi a shekarar 2019 a wani harin kwanton bauna da wasu masu saro ba bisa ka'ida suka yi a yankin Amazon.  
* Chico Mendes, Brazil, mai kula da muhalli kuma mai fafutuka.
* Hernán Bedoya, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ƙasa Afro-Colombia.
* Julián Carrillo, shugaban Rarámuri na ƙasar Mexico, ya kashe 24 ga Oktoba 2018.   
* Datu Kaylo Bontolan, shugaban kabilar Manobo, memba na Majalisar Shugabannin Katribu, Northern Mindanao, Philippines, an kashe 7 Afrilu 2019.  
* Omar Guasiruma, shugaban 'yan asalin ƙasar Colombia, an kashe Maris 2020. 
* Ernesto Guasiruma, shugaban 'yan asalin ƙasar Colombia, an kashe Maris 2020. 
* Simón Pedro Pérez, shugaban 'yan asalin ƙasar, an kashe Yuli 6, 2021, Chiapas, Mexico.  
* Javiera Rojas, mai fafutukar kare muhalli dan kasar Chile kuma mai fafutuka, an samu gawarsa a watan Nuwamba 2021. 

## Duba kuma

* 2020 Kanada bututun da zanga-zangar layin dogo
* Oka Rikici
* Unistʼotʼen Camp
* Mai kare ruwa

## Ci gaba da karatu

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## Magana