Hatem Beg Ordubadi

**Hatem Beg Ordubadi** (Persian), ya kasance Safavid_Iran" id="mwCQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Safavid Iran">Dan Iran ne daga dangin Ordubadi, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban vizier na Safavid shah (sarki) Shah Abbas I (r. 1588-1629) daga 1591 zuwa 1610/1.

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Tarihi da farkon rayuwarsa
Hatem ɗan Bahram Khan Ordubadi ne, ubangijin Ordubad, ƙasar iyalin Ordubadi - dangin Iran ne wanda ya fito ne daga masanin falsafa na zamani kuma masanin ilimin lissafi Nasir al-Din al-Tusi .  Hatem daga baya ya gaji mahaifinsa a matsayin ubangijin Urdubad, kuma ya sami taken "Beg" (Ubangiji).  [A] Saboda rashin jituwa na cikin gida, ya yi murabus duk da haka, kuma ya tafi kotun sarauta. A cikin lokacin da ya biyo baya ya yi aiki a matsayin vizier na gwamnan Khoy .  Koyaya, lokacin da aka sallami daga baya, Hatem Beg ya rasa aikinsa, kuma ya sake zama a Ordubad kuma daga baya Ardabil. Sakamakonsa ya canza a farkon mulkin Abbas I, lokacin da aka nada shi a matsayin mai kula da gwamnan Kerman, Vali Beg Yuz Bashi Afshar kuma daga baya aka sanya shi mai lissafi (*mostowfi al-mamalek*) na Yazd .

### Vizierate a karkashin Shah Abbas I

A cikin 1587-1588, an aika ɗan'uwan Hatem Abu Taleb Beg, sannan aka aika *mostowfi al-mamalek* a matsayin wakili ga mai mulkin Uzbeks, Abdullah Khan II, wanda ke ƙoƙarin karɓar Herat daga Safavids a lokacin. Abdullah Khan II ba shi da sha'awar tattaunawa, kuma ya kashe Abu Taleb Beg ta hanyar sanya shi a gaban bakin bindiga. A sakamakon wannan mummunan labari dangane da dangi na kusa, an dauki Hatem Beg a ƙarƙashin fuka-fukan Abbas I, kuma a cikin 1591, ya nada shi a matsayin *mostowfi al-mamalek* na duk Iran, yayin da watanni shida bayan haka ya sanya shi babban vizier. Hatem Beg, wanda ya zama sananne da girmamawa na *Etemad-e daulat* ("Tallafin Amincewa na Jiha"), wanda aka ba kowane babban vizier na Safavid, ya nuna cewa shi dan siyasa ne mai iyawa a lokacin da yake babban vizier. A lokacin mulkinsa ya sami nasarar kafa gwamnatin jihar mai karfi sosai wanda ya ba kasar damar ci gaba da bunƙasa a ƙarƙashin shahs marasa ƙwarewa bayan mutuwar Abbas I.

Masanin tarihin kotun Safavid Iskandar Beg Munshi, wanda ke da alaƙa da ƙungiyar Hatem Beg, ya bayyana cewa "ya kawo tsaro a cikin rayuwar Iranians" kuma "ya kasance abin koyi ga kowa game da gudanar da adalci, iliminsa game da hanyoyin lissafi, da kuma shirya al'amuran divan. "  'Yan Turawa sun yi la'akari da Hatem Beg sosai - Karmelite friar Father Paul Simon, ya ba da labarin kwanciyar hankali ga Hatem Beg wajen magance ayyuka masu wahala. Ya bayyana yadda Hatem Beg "ya yi amfani da shi don aika da korafe-korafe 200 a safiyar, kuma bayan ya zauna ya ba da sauraro na sa'o'i shida ko bakwai zai fita kamar yana fitowa daga ɗaukar doki don tafiya. "  Baya ga ayyukansa na gudanarwa, Hatem Beg ya kuma bambanta shi a matsayin kwamandan soja a cikin karfafa ƙasar. Ba sabon abu ba ne ga mutumin Iran ya shiga cikin harkokin soja - dan siyasa na Iran Mirza Salman Jaberi, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban vizier daga 1577 zuwa 1583, sakamakon sa ya shiga cikin al'amuran soja ya sa Qizilbash ya zama mai adawa da shi, wanda ya ji cewa an kwace ikonsu. Mirza Salman Jaberi daga karshe Qizilbash ne ya kashe shi. Harkokin Hatem Beg a cikin harkokin soja, duk da haka, bai haifar da adawa da Qizilbash ba, wanda, a cikin kalmomin David Blow, "alamu ne na sauyawa".

A cikin shekara ta 1594/5, an tura Hatem Beg, tare da ƙungiyar masu gudanarwa da masu lissafi, zuwa sabuwar lardin Gilan, inda suka inganta tsarin cajin haraji da gudummawa, wanda, ana zaton, an yi shi ne bisa buƙatar mazauna da ba su gamsu da gwamnan Mehdi Qoli Khan Shamlu ba. Wataƙila, duk da haka, wannan sake fasalin ya faru ne saboda ikon tattalin arziki da lardin ya bayar - masana'antar siliki mai arziki, shayi, caviar, da katako sun ƙarfafa Abbas I ya aika da manyan jami'ansa don sake fasalin tsarin tattalin arzikin lardin cikin hanyar da ta dace.

### Mutuwa da zuriya
Hatem Beg ya mutu a shekara ta 1610/1 kusa da Urmia yayin wani balaguro - an binne shi a Mashhad .[1] Ɗansa, Mirza Taleb Khan Ordubadi, ya gaji shi a matsayin babban vizier, yana zaune a ofishin har zuwa 1621. An sake nada shi a matsayin babban vizier a lokacin mulkin shah Safi (r. 1629-1642) daga 1632 har zuwa 1633, inda bābān Saru Taqi ya kashe shi, saboda ƙiyayya da yake da ita ga iyalin Ordubadi, dalilin da ya sa Hatem Beg ya musanta baiwa mahaifin Saru Taqi mukamin da ya nema.[1]

## Wurin binnewa
Ya mutu a kusa da Urmia kuma an kawo jikinsa zuwa Mashhad kuma an binne shi a ƙarƙashin **Hatam Khani Dome** a Imam Reza Shrine . 

## Manazarta