Jessie White Mario

**Jessie White Mario** (9 ga Mayu 1832 &#x2013; 5 ga Maris 1906) marubuciya ce kuma mai taimakon jama'a ta Ingila (kuma 'yar Italiya ce ta asali). A wani lokacin ana kiranta da "Guguwar Jessie" a cikin jaridun Italiya. 

Ta kasance ma'aikaciyar jinya ga sojojin Giuseppe Garibaldi a yaƙe-yaƙe huɗu na Haɗin Kan Italiya (Risorgimento); ta yi bincike kan yanayin rayuwa na talakawa a cikin ƙauyuka marasa galihu a ƙarƙashin ƙasa na Naples da yanayin aiki a ma'adinan sulfur na Sicily . Ta yi rubutu sosai (a Turanci da Italiyanci) a matsayin 'yar jarida da kuma marubuciyar tarihin rayuwa . Tsawon shekaru arba'in, a matsayinta na wakiliya ga jaridar Amurka mai *suna The Nation* daga 1866 zuwa 1906, Jessie White ta bai wa masu karatu a Amurka cikakken rahoto game da sauye-sauyen siyasa, zamantakewa, da al'adu da ke faruwa a Italiya. 

Tarihin rayuwarta mafi shahara shine game da Giuseppe Garibaldi. 

## Matasa da ilimi
An haife ta da **Jessie Jane Meriton White**, 'yar Thomas White da Jane Teage Meriton na Gosport, Hampshire, Ingila .   Thomas wani ɓangare ne na dangin White na Cowes, Isle of Wight, masu gina kwale-kwale tsawon tsararraki, amma ya ƙaura zuwa babban yankin ƙasar kuma ya sauya daga gina kwale-kwale zuwa gina tashoshin jiragen ruwa da rumbunan ajiya. Gidansa mai tsattsauran ra'ayi ne, wanda ba ya bin ƙa'ida . 

Bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarta da wuri a shekarar 1834, Jane Gain, matar mahaifinta ta uku - malamar makaranta kuma mai bin ƙa'idar gyaran ilimi Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi - ta rene Jessie. Jessie ta fara karatunta a ƙauyen Portsmouth, ta ci gaba da karatu a Reading, daga baya kuma ta ƙaura zuwa Landan kafin ta koma Birmingham tana da shekaru goma sha bakwai.  

Ta hanyar malamanta na yarinta, John Daniel Morell da George Dawson, an gabatar mata da tunanin sassaucin ra'ayi da tsattsauran ra'ayi na John Stuart Mill da Giuseppe Mazzini, da kuma ra'ayoyin juyin juya hali na juyin juya hali na 1848. Wannan tushe na ilimi daga ƙarshe ya sa ta ci gaba da neman falsafa a Sorbonne da ke Paris, inda ta yi karatu tsakanin 1852 da 1854 a ƙarƙashin Victor Cousin, bayan Dawson ya ba shi shawarar hakan.  

A birnin Paris ta zauna cikin fansho tare da 'yar uwarta Lou, kuma ta tallafa wa kanta ta hanyar rubuta labarai da labarai na zamani na Faransa don mujallun Ingilishi, da kuma koyarwa. Ta haɗu da masanin falsafa kuma mai goyon bayan juyin juya halin Faransa na 1848, Hugues Félicité Robert de Lamennais . Jessie ta rubuta dogon bayanin rayuwarsa yayin da ya ba ta labarinsa da kuma yadda ta lura da shi, wanda aka buga a cikin Mujallar Tarihin Rayuwa . [1]

Haka kuma a birnin Paris a waɗannan shekarun akwai Misis Emma Roberts wadda ta ɗauki kanta a matsayin wacce za ta aura da Giuseppe Garibaldi. Jessie da Misis Roberts sun zama abokai kuma lokacin da Misis Roberts ta je ziyartar Garibaldi da farko a Nice sannan Sardinia, ta ɗauki Jessie a matsayin abokiyar tafiyarta.  

## Haɗin kan Italiya
Jessie, kamar mutane da yawa a Birtaniya, ta daɗe tana jin labarin ta'asar mulkin kama-karya na Austria, Faransa da Bourbon a sassa daban-daban na yankin Italiya. Garibaldi ta nuna tunaninta kuma ta sadaukar da kanta ga Haɗin Kan Italiya .

Bayan ta dawo Landan a bazara na 1855, Jessie ta nemi shiga makarantun likitanci da fatan zama likita - wasu sun ce ita ce mace ta farko da ta yi hakan a Ingila.  An ƙi duk aikace-aikacenta saboda jinsi.  

## Manazarta