Jules Feiffer

**Jules Ralph Feiffer** / / ˈfaɪfər / FY FY fər ;  Janairu 26, 1929 - Janairu 17, 2025) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma marubuci ɗan Amurka, wanda a wani lokaci ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mai barkwanci mafi karantawa a ƙasar.  Ya lashe kyautar Pulitzer a 1986 saboda zane mai ban dariya na edita, kuma, a 2004, an shigar da Feiffer cikin Zauren Shahararrun Littattafan Barkwanci . Ya rubuta gajeren fim mai rai *Munro*, wanda ya lashe kyautar Academy Award don Mafi Kyawun Fim Mai Rawa a 1961. Laburaren Majalisa sun amince da "gado mai ban mamaki na Feiffer", daga 1946 zuwa yanzu, a matsayin mai zane mai ban dariya, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, marubucin allo, marubucin littattafai manya da yara, mai zane, kuma malamin fasaha . 

Lokacin da Feiffer yake da shekaru 17 (a tsakiyar shekarun 1940), ya zama mataimakin mai zane mai ban dariya Will Eisner . A can, ya taimaka wa Eisner rubuta da kuma zana hotunan barkwancinsa, ciki har da The Spirit . A shekarar 1956, Feiffer ya zama ma'aikacin zane mai ban dariya a The Village Voice, inda ya samar da shirin barkwanci na mako-mako mai suna Feiffer har zuwa 1997. An fara nuna zane-zanen Feiffer a duk fadin kasar a shekarar 1959 sannan kuma ya bayyana a cikin wallafe-wallafe da suka hada da Los Angeles Times, London Observer, The New Yorker, Playboy, Esquire, da The Nation . A shekarar 1997, ya ƙirƙiri shirin barkwanci na farko da aka buga a shafin The New York Times, wanda ke gudana duk wata har zuwa 2000.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Feiffer a Bronx, birnin New York, a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 1929.   Iyayensa su ne David Feiffer da Rhoda ( née Davis ), kuma Feiffer ta girma a gidan Yahudawa tare da ƙanwarta da kuma ƙanwarta.  David yawanci ba shi da aikin yi a aikinsa na dillalai saboda matsalar tattalin arziki, yayin da Rhoda mai zane ce mai zane wadda ke yin zane-zanen launin ruwan kasa na zane-zanenta waɗanda take sayarwa ga masana'antun tufafi daban-daban a New York. "Tana zuwa gida-gida tana sayar da zane-zanenta akan $3," in ji Feiffer. Duk da haka, gaskiyar cewa ita ce mai kula da gida ta haifar da "yanayi na zargi a ɓoye" a cikin gida. Feiffer ta fara zane tun tana ɗan shekara uku. "Mahaifiyata koyaushe tana ƙarfafa ni in zana," in ji shi. 

Lokacin da Feiffer yake ɗan shekara 13, mahaifiyarsa ta ba shi teburin zane don ɗakin kwanansa. Ta kuma sanya Feiffer a cikin Ƙungiyar Ɗaliban Fasaha ta New York don yin karatun ilmin jikin ɗan adam. Ya kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Sakandare ta James Monroe a 1947.  Feiffer ya lashe lambar yabo ta John Wanamaker Art Contest don zane mai launin fenti na gwarzon Yammacin rediyo Tom Mix .  Ya rubuta a 1965 game da yarintarsa:

### Marubuci

Feiffer ya buga waƙar *Sick, Sick, Sick: Jagora ga Non-Confident Living* a shekarar 1958 (wanda ya ƙunshi tarin zane-zanen ban dariya daga kimanin 1950 zuwa 1956), sannan ya biyo baya da tarin *More Sick, Sick, Sick* da sauran tarin tsiri, gami da *The Explainers* ; *Boy, Girl. Boy, Girl.;* *Hold Me!;* *Feiffer's Album* ; *The Unexpurgated Memoirs of Bernard Mergendeiler* ; *Feiffer on Nixon* ; *Jules Feiffer's America: From Eisenhower to Reagan* ; *Marriage Is an Invasion of Privacy* ; da *Feiffer's Children* . *Passionella* (1957) labari ne mai hoto wanda aka fara tattarawa a cikin *Passionella da Sauran Labarai*, wani bambanci akan labarin *Cinderella* . Jarumin fim ɗin, Ella, wani fim ne mai cike da hayaniya wanda aka canza shi zuwa tauraruwar fina-finan Hollywood. An yi amfani da *Passionella* a matsayin wani ɓangare na waƙoƙin Sheldon Harnick da Jerry Bock Broadway na 1966 *The Apple Tree* . &#x5B; ** &#x5D;