Hakkin Jima'i a Kenya

Mutanen da ke tsakanin jima'i a Kenya suna fuskantar manyan take hakkin dan adam, tun daga haihuwa. Akwai 'yan kariya daga yanka da kuma shigar da likitanci ba tare da amincewa ba kuma babu kariya ta doka daga nuna bambanci. Mutanen da ke tsakanin jima'i na iya samun matsala wajen samun takaddun shaida na haihuwa da sauran nau'ikan takardu.

A watan Fabrairun 2025, Kenya ta amince da mutane masu jima'i a hukumance a cikin tsarin rajistar haihuwa. An sake fasalin Dokar Rijistar Haihuwa da Mutuwa don haɗawa da jima'i a matsayin rukuni a cikin bayanan hukuma.

## Tarihi
A al'ada, an kashe yara da aka gano suna da yanayin jima'i a lokacin haihuwa. Wannan yana fara canzawa, bisa ga masu juna biyu da kungiyoyin masu kula da haihuwa. Yara masu rai na intersex na iya samun matsaloli wajen samun takardar shaidar haihuwa da sauran nau'ikan ganewa.

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2017, masu gwagwarmayar jima'i na Afirka sun buga wata sanarwa da ta tsara bukatun cikin gida.

A watan Agustan 2018, Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Kenya ta wallafa wani rahoto da ke kira ga bincike da sake fasalin shari'a don kare hakkokin mutanen da ke tsakanin jima'i a Kenya.

## Aminci na jiki da ikon cin gashin kansa na jiki

Rahotanni sun nuna cewa haihuwar jariri na jima'i za a iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin la'ana ko mummunar alama, wanda ke haifar da kisan jarirai. Seline Okiki, shugabar kungiyar masu kula da haihuwa, 'yan uwa mata goma, ta bayyana yadda ake kashe jarirai da aka haifa bayan haihuwa.

A cikin shekara ta 2015, an ba da rahoton cewa wani matashi mai jima'i daga Malindi, Muhadh Ishmael, an nakasa shi kuma daga baya ya mutu a asibiti. A baya an bayyana shi a matsayin la'ana ga iyalinsa.

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2018, Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Kenya ta ba da rahoton cewa an tilasta wa wasu mutane masu jima'i yin tiyata kuma, a wasu lokuta an yi watsi da hanyoyin da suka haifar da mutuwa. "

A cikin wannan shekarar, an buga manyan rahotanni biyu na kasa game da halin da ake ciki na mutanen da ke tsakanin jima'i a Kenya: wani rahoto daga Hukumar Kula da 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Kenya, [1] da kuma wani rahoto na Taskforce on Policy, Legal, Institutional and Administrative Reforms game da Intersex Persons a Kenya. [2] Dukkanin rahotanni sun yi kira ga sake fasalin don kare lafiyar jiki na mutanen da ke tsakanin jima'i, da kuma aiki don magance zargi.

Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Kenya ta yi kira ga taron ƙungiyar ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya ta jima'i, ta kafa jagororin ƙasa don ayyukan kiwon lafiya, da ƙungiyoyi masu yawa, da kuma jagorantar likitoci don "ba da shawara ga dukan iyaye su hana "mahimmanci" tiyata har sai yara sun kai shekarun da za su iya yanke shawara ga kansu", bincika kisan jarirai da cin zarafin yara, bincike kan tasirin taimakon likita na jima'i.

The Taskforce ya bayyana cewa "ya kamata a gudanar da aikin tiyata da hormonal ga yara dangane da matsayin su na jima'i kawai idan akwai gaggawa na likita bisa ga yardar da aka sani". Ya ba da shawarar cewa gwamnati ta samar da:

* "kariya daga sa hannun likita mara kyau da kuma tabbatar da ingantaccen magani"
* samar da jagororin, da inganta damar samun kiwon lafiya, gami da asusun magani da shawarwarin haihuwa.

## Karewa daga nuna bambanci

Ana ɗaukar mutanen da ke tsakanin jima'i da yawa suna fama da mummunar zargi. Wani rahoto na labarai na Kenya ya nuna yawan barin makaranta da wuri, tare da kungiyar Gama Africa ta ba da rahoton cewa kashi 60% na mutane 132 da aka sani sun fice daga makaranta "saboda cin zarafi da kulawa da suka samu daga takwarorinsu da malaman su". Rahotanni na labarai sun nuna manyan matakan kashe kansa tsakanin mutanen da ke tsakanin jima'i.

A cikin shari'ar 2010 na Richard Muasya v. Babban Lauyan Hon. An yanke wa Muasya hukunci kan fashi da tashin hankali. Shari'ar ta bincika ko ya sha wahala ko a'a sakamakon haihuwar jima'i. An gano cewa an yi masa mummunan hali da wulakanci yayin da yake kurkuku.

Mutanen da ke tsakanin jima'i a Kenya a halin yanzu ba su da kariya daga nuna bambanci, amma haƙƙin mutanen da ke tsakanin jinsi a halin yanzu batun tattaunawa ne, gami da ta hanyar Taskforce karkashin jagorancin dan majalisa mai suna Isaac Mwaura.   A wani bangare, wannan ya biyo bayan wata shari'ar kotu da aka yanke a shekarar 2014, na yaro wanda ba zai iya fara makaranta ba tare da takardar shaidar haihuwa ba.

Wani rahoto na 2018 da Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Kenya ta bayar ya sami shaidar yaduwar kunya da nuna bambanci, gami da kisan jarirai, rashin rajistar haihuwa, da kuma yawan barin makaranta da wuri. Ya gano cewa mutanen da ke tsakanin jima'i sun sha wahala daga tatsuniyoyi cewa mutanen da suka hada jima'i sune samfurori na "la'ana", kuma cewa mutanen da ba su da jima'i ne ko masu canza launin fata, kuma waɗannan tatsuniyoyi sun lalata haƙƙinsu ga gwaji mai kyau.[1] Ya yi kira ga sake fasalin shari'a zuwa.

* Samar da ma'anar doka game da jima'i wanda ya fi girma kuma wanda ya fahimci bambancin bambancin jima'i
* Koyar da jama'a
* "Gwamma da aiwatar da dokokin da ke ba da tasiri ga tanadin Mataki na 27 (4) na Kundin Tsarin Mulki don tabbatar da rashin nuna bambanci ga mutane tsakanin jinsi a duk fannoni na rayuwa, gami da: ilimi, kiwon lafiya, aiki, wasanni da samun damar ayyukan jama'a, da kuma magance irin wannan nuna bambanci ta hanyar matakan adawa da nuna bambanci".

Taskforce ta ba da shawarar cewa gwamnati:

* "tabbatar da daidaito, girmamawa da kariya ga mutuncin mutanen da ke tsakanin jima'i a cikin bangaren shari'a na aikata laifuka".

## Takardun ganewa
A cikin shekara ta 2014, a cikin batun Baby 'A' (Suke ta hanyar mahaifiyarta EA) da kuma wani babban lauya da wasu 6 [2014], kotun Kenya ta umarci gwamnatin Kenya da ta ba da takardar shaidar haihuwa ga yaro mai shekaru biyar da aka haifa a shekara ta 2009 tare da al'aura mai rikitarwa. A Kenya takardar shaidar haihuwa ta zama dole don halartar makaranta, samun takardar shaidarsa ta ƙasa, da jefa kuri'a. Lauyan yaron, John Chigiti, ya bayyana cewa wannan "mataki ne na farko don gane mutanen da ke da jima'i".

A baya, 2010, Kotun Koli, Richard Muasya v. Babban Lauyan, Kotun ta yanke shawarar cewa mutum ne ke da alhakin yin rajistar haihuwarsa, biyo bayan gazawar yin hakan a lokacin haihuwarsa.

Rahoton Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Kenya ya bayyana cewa bai kamata a sanya yara a cikin jinsi na uku ba amma ya kamata gwamnati ta "yi amfani da tsarin da kungiyoyin intersex suka ba da shawarar da aka sani da "mafi kyawun hanyar da ba ta tiyata ba" da kuma "ba da damar mutanen intersex su canza sunansu na doka da jinsi a kan dukkan takardun shaidansu. "  The Taskforce ya ba da shawarar kirkirar wani nau'i na uku na jima'i ga mutanen intersex, "don sauƙaƙe ganewar mutanen intersex a cikin doka". 

## Wasanni
A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2019, kungiyoyin yada labarai sun ba da rahoton cewa an sauke 'yan wasa mata biyu daga ƙungiyar' yan wasa ta ƙasa, biyo bayan shawarar Kotun Arbitration for Sport a cikin shari'ar Caster Semenya. 'Yan wasan sune zakaran mita 100 da 200 Maximilla Imali da mai tseren mita 400 Evangeline Makena . 

## Kaddamar da 'yancin kai
Kungiyoyin Intersex a Kenya sun hada da Intersex Persons Society of Kenya, da kuma Jinsiangu / Jinsi Yangu . Dukkanin kungiyoyin an amince da su a matsayin manyan cibiyoyin da ba na Jiha ba a cikin rahoton Taskforce, tare da Gender Minority Advocacy Trust . 

An fara yin bikin Ranar Sanarwar Jima'i a Kenya a cikin 2016. Gama Africa ta shirya tafiya a Nairobi, tare da takarda da aka gabatar wa majalisa da abubuwan da Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Kenya ta shirya.

A cikin 2017, an fara aiki a kan "Dokar Misali kan haƙƙin mutanen da ke tsakanin jima'i a Afirka". An gudanar da taron shawarwari na farko a Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam a Jami'ar Pretoria, a Afirka ta Kudu. Wakilan Kenya sun hada da John Chigiti na Gender Minorities Action Trust Foundation-Kenya (GMAT), wanda ya wakilci mutane masu jima'i a cikin shari'ar Kotun Koli ta 2010 da 2014.

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Bibiyar Tarihi

* 
* 
* 
* 
*