Martin Scorsese

**Martin Charles Scorsese** ( / s k ɔːr ˈsɛsi / skor - skor- -ee,    ; an haife shi a watan Nuwamba17 ga Nuwamba, 1942) ɗan fim ne ɗan Amurka. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan jaruman zamanin New Hollywood, ya sami yabo da yawa, ciki har da kyautar Academy, kyaututtukan BAFTA guda huɗu, kyaututtukan Emmy guda uku, kyautar Grammy, da kyaututtukan Golden Globe guda uku. An karrama shi da kyautar AFI Life Achievement Award a 1997, lambar yabo ta Ƙungiyar Fina-finai ta Lincoln Center a 1998, lambar yabo ta Kennedy Center a 2007, lambar yabo ta Cecil B. DeMille a 2010, da kuma BAFTA Fellowship a 2012. An shigar da fina-finansa guda huɗu cikin Rijistar Fina-finai ta Ƙasa ta Laburare na Congress a matsayin "masu mahimmanci a al'ada, tarihi ko kuma a cikin kyau".

Scorsese ya zagi digiri na Master of Arts daga Makarantar Al'adu, Ilimi, da Ci gaban Dan Adam ta Jami'ar New York a shekarar 1968. An karɓi aikinsa na farko na darektan, Who's That Knocking at My Door (1967), a cikin bikin fina-finai na Chicago . A cikin shekarun 1970s da 1980s, fina-finai na Scorsese, wanda ya rinjayi asalinsa na Italiyanci da Amurka da kuma girma a Birnin New York, ya kasance a kan maza masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da kuma bincika aikata laifuka, machismo, nihilism da ra'ayoyin Katolika na laifi da fansawa. An fara nuna alamun kasuwancinsa na yin amfani da saurin motsi da daskarewa, ba da Labari na murya, nuna hotunan matsanancin tashin hankali da kuma amfani da lalata a cikin Mean Streets (1973).

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi

An haifi Martin Charles Scorsese a unguwar Flushing na Queens na Birnin New York a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba, 1942 .  Ya girma a unguwar Little Italy na garin Manhattan. Iyayensa biyu, Catherine Scorsese (née Cappa) da Charles Scorsese, sun yi aiki a Gundumar Garment . Charles ya kasance mai buga tufafi kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, yayin da Catherine ta kasance mai sutura da kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo. Dukkanin kakannin Scorsese guda huɗu baƙi ne na Italiya daga Sicily, daga Polizzi Generosa a gefen mahaifinsa da Ciminna a gefen mahaifiyarsa. Sunan asalin dangin shi ne Scozzese, ma'ana "Scot" ko "Scottish" a cikin Italiyanci, kuma an canza shi zuwa Scorsese saboda kuskuren fassarar.

An haifi Scorsese ne a cikin yankin Katolika. Yayinda yake yaro, yana da asma kuma ba zai iya yin wasanni ko shiga cikin kowane aiki tare da wasu yara ba, don haka iyayensa da ɗan'uwansa sau da yawa sukan kai shi gidan wasan kwaikwayo; a wannan matakin ne a rayuwarsa ya haɓaka sha'awar fim. Ya yi magana game da tasirin Powell da Pressburger's *[[Black Narcissus]]* (1947) da The ''Red Shoes'' (1948).  Yayinda yake matashi da ke zaune a Brooklyn, yana sauyawa zuwa Bronx akai-akai don hayar fim din Powell da Pressburger, The Tales of Hoffmann (1951), daga kantin sayar da kayayyaki wanda ke da kwafin guda ɗaya kawai. Ya kasance daya daga cikin mutane biyu kawai da ke hayar shi a kai a kai; ɗayan, George A. Romero, wanda ke zaune a wannan gari, shi ma ya zama darektan.

## Ayyuka

### 1963-1972: Gajeren fina-finai da fasalin farko
Yayinda yake halartar Makarantar Fasaha ta Tisch, Scorsese ya yi gajeren fina-finai Menene Yarinya Mai Kyau kamar Kuna Yi a Wuri kamar Wannan?  (1963) kuma *[[It's Not Just You, Murray!|Ba Kai kaɗai ba ne, Murray!]]* (1964). Mafi shahararren gajeren lokacin shi ne mai ban dariya mai ban dariya The Big Shave (1967), wanda ke nuna Peter Bernuth . Fim din zargi ne na shigar Amurka a Vietnam, wanda aka ba da shawarar ta hanyar madadin taken *Viet '67*.  Scorsese ya ambaci a lokuta da yawa cewa farfesa Haig P. Manoogian ne ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi a farkon kwanakinsa a Jami'ar New York.  Aikin sana'a na farko na Scorsese shine lokacin da yake a NYU ya kasance mataimakin mai daukar hoto ga mai daukar hoto Baird Bryant a kan ga ga gajeren fim din Smiles (1964). Scorsese ya ce: "Yana da matukar muhimmanci saboda suna yin fim a kan 35mm". Ya bayyana cewa yana da mummunar aiki saboda bai iya yin hukunci game da nisan mayar da hankali ba. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai gaffer ga Albert da David Maysles kuma a matsayin edita na CBS News, wanda daga baya ya ba shi cikakken matsayi, amma Scorsese ya ki saboda aikinsa a fim.

## manazarta