Shah Jahan

**Shihab-ud-Din Muhammad Khurram** (an haifeshi a ranar 5 ga watan Janairu shekarata alif 1592 -zuwa ranar 22 ga watan Janairu shekarata alif 1666), wanda aka fi sani da sunansa na sarauta **Shah Jahan I** (Yadda ake furta wa a harshen Pasha [ʃɑːh d͡ʒahɑːn]; lit. Sarkin Duniya&#x27; ), shi ne sarki na biyar na daular Mughal, wanda ya yi sarauta daga watan Janairu shekarata alif 1628 har zuwa watan Yuli shekarata alif 1658. A karkashin mulkinsa, Mughals sun kai kololuwar nasarorin gine-gine da daukakar al'adu.

Shi ne da na uku ga Jahangir (r. 1605-1627), Shah Jahan ya shiga yakin neman zabe a kan Rajputs na Mewar da Lodis na Deccan. Bayan mutuwar Jahangir a cikin watan Oktoba 1627, Shah Jahan ya ci nasara kan kaninsa Shahryar Mirza kuma ya nada kansa a matsayin Sarki a sansanin Agra. Baya ga Shahryar, Shah Jahan ya kashe mafi yawan masu da'awar karagar mulki. Ya ba da umarni da yawa abubuwan tarihi, ciki har da Red Fort, Masallacin Shah Jahan da Taj Mahal, inda aka kame matarsa Mumtaz Mahal da ya fi so. A cikin harkokin waje, Shah Jahan ya jagoranci yakin da ake yi da sarakunan Deccan, da rikice-rikicen da Portuguese, da kuma yaje-yake da Safavids, tare da ci gaba da kyakkyawar dangantaka da Daular Ottoman. Ya kuma murkushe tawaye na cikin gida da yawa, kuma ya magance mummunar yunwa Deccan na 1630-32.

A watan Satumba na 1657, Shah Jahan yayi fama da rashin lafiya kuma ya nada babban dansa Dara Shikoh a matsayin magajinsa. Wannan nadin ya haifar da rikici tsakanin 'ya'yansa uku, bayan haka dan Shah Jahan na uku Aurangzeb (r. 1658-1707) ya zama mai nasara kuma ya zama sarki na shida. Bayan da Shah Jahan ya dawo daga jinya a watan Yuli 1658, Aurangzeb ya daure mahaifinsa a gidan kaso na Agra daga watan Yuli 1658 har zuwa mutuwarsa a cikin watan Janairu shekara 1666.  An binne shi kusa da matarsa a Taj Mahal. An san mulkinsa da kawar da manufofin sassaucin ra'ayi da Akbar ya qaddamar. A zamanin Shah Jahan, gungiyoyin farfadowar Musulunci kamar Naqsbandi sun fara tsara manufofin Mughal. 

## Guruciya

### Haihuwa da asali
An haife shi a ranar 5 ga watan Janairu 1592 a Lahore, Pakistan a yau, a matsayin da na tara kuma da na uku ga Yarima Salim (wanda aka fi sani da 'Jahangir' bayan hawansa) ta matarsa, Jagat Gosain.   Sunan Khurram (Persian) kakansa, Sarkin sarakuna Akbar, wanda matashin yariman ya yi dangantaka ta kud da kud da shi.  Jahangir ya bayyana cewa Akbar yana matukar son Khurram kuma ya sha gaya masa “Babu kwatance tsakaninsa da sauran ‘ya’yanka. Ina dauke shi dana na gaskiya.” 

Lokacin da aka haifi Khurram, Akbar yana ganinsa a matsayin alheri ya dage cewa za a taso yarima a gidansa maimakon na Salim don haka aka ba da dshi amana ga Ruqaiya Sultan Begum. Rukayya ta dauki nauyin farko na renon Khurram  kuma an san cewa ta taso da Khurram cikin soyayya. Jahangir ya lura a cikin tarihinsa cewa Ruqaiya ta kaunaci dansa Khurram, "wani sau dubu fiye da ya kasance [ɗanta ne]. 

Duk da haka, bayan mutuwar kakansa Akbar a shekara ta 1605, ya koma wurin kulawar mahaifiyarsa, Jagat Gosain wanda yake kulawa da shi kuma yana kauna sosai. Ko da yake ya rabu da ita tun lokacin da aka haife shi, ya kasance mai sadaukarwa gare ta kuma ya sa a kira ta  a tarihin kotu.   A kan mutuwar Jagat Gosain a Akbarabad a ranar 8 ga watan Afrilu 1619, Jahangir ya rubuta cewa ba shi da dadi kuma yana bakin ciki na kwanaki 21. A tsawon wadannan makonni uku na lokacin makoki, bai halarci taron jama'a ba kuma yana cin abinci mai sauki. Yar uwar sa Mumtaz Mahal ita ce ta kula da rabon abinci ga talakawa a wannan lokacin. Ta jagoranci karatun al-qur'ani a kowace safiya kuma ta bai wa mijinta darussa da dama a kan abin da ya shafi rayuwa da mutuwa kuma ta roke shi da kada ya yi bakin ciki.    

## Manazarta