open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Sauye-sauyen yanayi na Rajasthan

**Yanayin [[Rajasthan]]** a arewa maso yammacin Indiya yawanci busasshiyar ko tsaka-tsakiyar busasshiyin kuma yana da yanayin zafi mai zafi a cikin shekara tare da matsanancin yanayin zafi a lokacin rani da hunturu. Watanni mafi zafi shine Mayu da Yuni. Lokacin ruwan sama yana daga Yuli zuwa Satumba; duk da haka, ruwan sama ya kasance matsakaici.

## Tarihi
A karkashin Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen mafi yawan Rajasthan ya fada ƙarƙashin Hot Desert (BWh) kuma sauran sassan jihar sun fada ƙarƙashin Hot Semi Arid (BSh) ; yanayin jihar ya kasance daga busasshiyar zuwa semi-arid. Rajasthan tana samun ruwan sama mai sauƙi da kuma canji kuma saboda haka yana da saurin fari. Kamar yadda Rajasthan ta kasance busasshiyar ƙasa mai zafi, guguwar ƙanƙara ta rufe Nagaur, Rajasthan a cikin wani bargo mai dusar ƙanƙarar ƙanƙanta a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019. Daga baya, an bayyana cewa wannan ba dusar ƙanƙara ba ne amma guguwa ce, ta hanyar rikice-rikicen yamma. Yanayin ya canza a cikin hunturu kamar yadda bai taba faruwa ba.

## Lokaci
 

### Lokacin bazara
Saboda yanayin hamada, sau da yawa hawa sama da digiri 40 zuwa 45 na Celsius a mafi yawan wurare. Saboda wurin da yake, lokacin rani shine mafi tsawo a Rajasthan. A wannan lokacin ayyukan yawon bude ido suna da ƙarancin gaske.

### Lokacin hunturu
Yanayin sanyi yana farawa da wuri a watan Oktoba kuma yana ƙarewa a ƙarshen Fabrairu kuma wani lokacin yanayin zafi yakan kai kusan digiri 2 Celsius [* rikodin a cikin 1964 a cikin JAIPUR zafin jiki ya kai 0-digiri Celsius a ranar 13 ga Disamba.]

### Ruwan sama
Jihar tana da lokuta biyu na ruwan sama: ruwan sama saboda Kudu maso Yammacin Monsoon bayan bazara da ruwan sama saboda Yammacin Yamma.

### Ruwan sama

## Bala'o'i

### fari da yunwa
Rajasthan tana samun ruwan sama mai sauƙi da kuma canji kuma saboda haka yana da saurin fari. Samun ruwa ba shi da yawa saboda rashin koguna da tabkuna.

### Ambaliyar ruwa
Ana samun ambaliyar ruwa a wasu birane saboda rashin magudanar ruwa.  Wani lokaci kuma ambaliya takan faru a yammacin Rajasthan saboda duwatsun da ba su da tushe.

## Rashin gurɓataccen yanayi
A wasu cibiyoyin masana'antu da birane an bayar da rahoton gurɓataccen lokaci-lokaci.

## Bayanan yanayi

## Manazarta
Douglas Stephen Bax

**Douglas Stephen Bax** MDiv limamin Afirka ta Kudu, marubuci kuma mai fafutuka. Wanda ya taɓa zama Mai Gudanar da Cocin Presbyterian a Kudancin Afirka, ya kasance fitaccen mai adawa da nuna wariyar launin fata a matsayin babban mawaƙin *Hammanskraal Resolution*, takardar da ta yi kira ga dukan 'yan Afirka ta Kudu masu lamiri da su zama masu adawa da lamiri kuma su ƙi yin aiki a Rundunar Tsaro ta Afirka ta Kudu kafin ƙarshen mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata. An karɓi takardar a matsayin martani na hukuma na Majalisar Cocin Afirka ta Kudu game da kisan kiyashin Sharpeville, wanda ya faru a cikin shekarar 1960.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Bax a Benoni, Afirka ta Kudu. Iyalin mahaifiyarsa, Hattinghs, sun kasance fitattun dangin Afrikaner; Kakansu na farko na bakin haure, Hans Heinrich Hattingh, ya kasance mai burger kyauta na Kamfanin Gabashin Indiya na Dutch a cikin shekarar 1600s kuma ya taɓa mallakar gidan tarihi na Spier a Stellenbosch. Kakannin mahaifin Bax, a halin da ake ciki, suna cikin baƙi na Burtaniya waɗanda nan da nan suka bi majagaba na shekarar 1820 Mazauna.

Bayan ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Rhodes, Bax ya halarci makarantar digiri na biyu a Makarantar tauhidi ta Princeton a Amurka da Jami'ar Georg August a Jamus. Ya sami ƙwararriyar ikon Ubangiji a wannan lokacin. Bayan ya koma Afirka ta Kudu, an naɗa  shi minista na Cocin Presbyterian na Kudancin Afirka. Yayin da yake aiki dabam-dabam a matsayin mai wa'azi da malami a cikin shekaru masu yawa, Bax ya zama mai himma a cikin martanin coci ga mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata, tsarin tilasta wariyar launin fata a hukumance wanda aka yi a Afirka ta Kudu tun a shekarar 1948.

Bayan kisan gillar da gwamnatin 'yan kishin ƙasa  ta yi wa ɗalibai baƙaƙen fata a Sharpeville a ranar 21 ga watan Maris, 1960, Bax ya kasance mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, kuma ya fara bayar da shawarwari ga jama'ar Afirka ta Kudu  baƙaƙe da farare don adawa da manufofinta da kuma hana mulkinsa ta hanyar rashin biyayya.  A tarukan Kiristanci na gaba, Bax da abokinsa *Dominee* Beyers Naudé na Cocin Reformed na Dutch sun jajirce wajen ɗaukar wannan matsayi na Ikilisiya a matsayin manufofin hukuma.

A lokacin wani babban taro na Majalisar Cocin Afirka ta Kudu a Hammanskraal a cikin shekarar 1974, Bax da Naudé sun ba da shawara kuma sun ba da shawara bi da bi a kan wani kudurin neman ƙin yarda da imaninsu dangane da shiga aikin soja, wanda ke tilasta wa matasan Afirka ta Kudu haɓaka ƙasar wariyar launin fata ta hanyar hidimar dole ba tare da la’akari da ra'ayinsu na siyasa ba. Bax ya tsara takarda ta ƙarshe, tare da taimako daga Naudé da wani abokin tarayya, kuma a ƙarshe an ɗauke ta a matsayin ƙudurin ƙarshe na SACC a ƙarshen taron.  Wannan zai zama babbar gudummawar Kirista ga yakin duniya na kawar da wariyar launin fata.

Bayan zaɓen Nelson Mandela na ƙarshe a cikin shekarar 1994, Bax ya ci gaba da zama mai wa'azi a wata babbar coci a Rondebosch. Daga ƙarshe ya yi ritaya daga shugabancinsa a shekarar 2002.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Bax ya auri Betty Bax (née Vintcent) a shekara ta 1971. Ɗansu Michael zai girma ya zama mai ƙwazo a cikin Coci.

## Manazarta
Matsayin abokin tarayya

**Matsayin abokin tarayya** rarrabuwa ce ta doka wacce aka saba alaƙa da Biritaniya ta Ƙasashen Waje. Yana nufin mutanen da ke da alaƙa ta kud da kud da wani yanki, yawanci ta haihuwa ko zuriyarsu. Abubuwan buƙatun don matsayin mai mallakar, da haƙƙoƙin da yake bayarwa, sun bambanta daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasa.

## Hakkoki
Haƙƙoƙin da ke da alaƙa da matsayin ɗan kasuwa yawanci sun haɗa da yancin yin zabe, riƙe zaɓaɓɓen ofishi, mallakar dukiya ta gaske ba tare da larura don lasisi ba, shiga da zama a wannan yanki ba tare da hani na shige da fice ba, da karɓar aiki cikin yanci ba tare da buƙatar izinin aiki ba. Gabaɗaya, don a haife shi da matsayin mallakar mutum dole ne a haife shi a cikin ƙasa ga iyayen da ke riƙe da matsayin zama. Belonger matsayi za a iya wani lokacin za a iya wuce ga yaro da aka haifa a waje da yankin, amma wannan da gangan iyakance, don rage yawan masu mallakar da ba za su zauna a cikin ƙasa. A yawancin ƙasashe masu zaman kansu, waɗannan haƙƙoƙin za su kasance masu alaƙa da zama ɗan ƙasa ko ɗan ƙasa. Duk da haka, da yake Birtaniyya na ketare ba ƙasashe masu zaman kansu ba ne, ba za su iya ba da zama ɗan ƙasa ba. Maimakon haka, mutanen da ke da kusanci da Biritaniya ta Ƙasashen Waje duk suna riƙe da ƙasa ɗaya: Citizensan Ƙasashen Waje na Biritaniya (BOTC). An ayyana matsayin BOTC ta Dokar Ƙasa ta Biritaniya ta 1981 da gyare-gyare na gaba.

## Manazarta
Takamaiman

**Takamaiman** na iya nufin:takamaimai

* Bayani na musamman
* Takamaiman, magani ko magani don takamaiman rashin lafiya

## Dokar

* Takamaiman hanawa, da nufin mutum
* Takamaiman binciken, hukuncin tsakiya da juriya ta yi amfani da shi wajen tantance hukuncin karshe
* Takamaiman iko a kan wata jam'iyya ta waje, takamaiman shari'o'in da ke da alaƙa da ayyukan jam'iyyar a cikin jihar
* Umurnin takamaiman aiki, umarnin kotu don yin takamaiman aikin

### Tattalin Arziki, Kudi, da Lissafi

* Takamaiman kayan aiki, har zuwa inda saka hannun jari da aka yi don tallafawa wani ma'amala yana da darajar da ta fi girma ga wannan ma'amala fiye da yadda za su kasance idan an sake tura su don wani dalili
* Takamaiman ganewa (inventories) , jimlar farashin sayen duk abubuwan kaya
* Takamaiman haraji, haraji da aka biya a takamaiman adadin a kowane ɗayan
* Takamaiman haɗari, haɗarin da ke shafar ƙananan kadarori

## Ilimin halayyar dan adam

* Bayani na yanki, ka'idar cewa fannoni da yawa na fahimta suna tallafawa ta hanyar na'urorin ilmantarwa na musamman, mai yiwuwa an ƙayyade su ta hanyar juyin halitta
* Takamaiman rikice-rikice na ci gaba, rikice-rikicen da aka jinkirta ci gaba a cikin wani takamaiman yanki ko yankuna, kuma wanda a cikinsa ba a shafar duk sauran yankuna na ci gaba ba
* Rashin ƙwarewar ilmantarwa
* Takamaiman tsoro, tsoro na takamaiman abu ko yanayi Takamaiman tsoron zamantakewa, wanda ya haifar ne kawai ta hanyar takamaiman yanayi na zamantakewa
** Takamaiman tsoron jama'a, wanda ya haifar da takamaiman yanayi na zamantakewa

## Ilimin halittu

* dangane da jinsin Takamaiman sunan (botany), jinsin sunan shuka Takamaiman suna (zoology), jinsin jinsin sunan dabba
** Takamaiman sunan (botany) , nau'in sunan shuka
** Takamaiman sunan (zoology) , nau'in nau'in dabba
* Takamaiman abinci, fitar da abinci tare da takamaiman dandano ko wasu halaye
* Takamaiman ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwa, ƙwayar ƙwace a cikin ƙwayar ƙwaya
* Takamaiman rigakafi, ga wani kwayar cuta
* Takamaiman Pathogen Free, na dabba ta dakin gwaje-gwaje da aka tabbatar ba tare da takamaiman pathogens ba (watau, takamaiman kuma suna).

## Sauran fannoni

* Wani takamaiman adadin gabaɗaya yana nufin adadi na zahiri wanda aka daidaita "da ɗayan" wani abu (sau da yawa taro).
* SPECIFIC, Cibiyar Injiniyan Kasuwanci mai dorewa don Kayan Kayan Kwarewa na Masana'antu
* Takamaiman halitta, halitta kamar yadda ya saba da juyin halitta
* Takamaiman lokaci, mafi ƙanƙanta nesa tsakanin nau'ikan farar hula a kan da'irar chromatic
* Takamaiman ƙididdiga, a cikin lissafi, yana kawar da ma'auni na haɗin kai
* Takamaiman Shirye-shiryen Jiki, kasancewa a shirye don motsi a cikin takamaiman aikin jiki (yawanci wasanni) 

## Dubi kuma

* Nau'o'in (disambiguation) 
* Bayani (disambiguation) 
* Kwarewa (disambiguation) 
* Takamaiman shafin (disambiguation) 
* Harshe don takamaiman dalilai, an yi amfani da shi da farko don komawa zuwa yankuna biyu a cikin ilimin harshe mai amfani
Ka ƙi

****ƙi** yarda**, ko aikatau ƙin yarda, na iya nufin:kakiyi

* Rashin amincewa da jama'a, a cikin ilimin halayyar mutum, yanayin da ke faruwa lokacin da mutum ko rukuni na mutane suka ware mutum daga dangantakar zamantakewa
* Rashin amincewa da shuka, a cikin magani, maganin rigakafi na kwayar halitta ga kwayar halitta ta waje, kamar a cikin shuka
* A cikin sadarwa, ƙin yarda shine karɓar siginar da ake so ba tare da tsangwama daga wani wanda ba a so ba.
* A cikin kwando, ƙin yarda kalma ce ta ƙamus don toshewa
* ab> cikin ilmin lissafi, ƙin wani vector a daga wani vector b shine bangare na a perpendicular zuwa b, sabanin tsinkayinsa, wanda yake daidai da b.
* A cikin kididdigar, kin amincewa da ra'ayi mara amfani don tallafawa wani ra'ayi na daban yayin yin gwajin ra'ayi.
* A cikin kididdigar, samfurori na ƙin shine dabara da aka yi amfani da ita don samar da lura daga rarraba
* A cikin ilimin dabbobi, guje wa dabbobi ɗaya ko fiye a cikin dattizubar da ruwa
* Ƙin yarda da Yesu, wanda aka bayyana a Sabon Alkawari

## Fasaha, kafofin watsa labarai da nishaɗi

* "Kaddamarwa", waƙar Green Day daga Nimrod
* "Kaddamarwa", waƙar Living Sacrifice daga Reborn, 1997
* "Kaddamarwa", waƙar Moby daga Animal Rights, 1996
* Reject (wasan), ƙungiyar wasannin lantarki ta Japan
* The Rejection, wani EP na Dangerous Muse
* "Rejection" (waƙar), waƙar Martin Solveig
* Rejection, fim na 2009 tare da Gary Farmer
* Rejection (fim), fim din Ukraine na 2011
* "Rejection", waƙar AC / DC daga Power Up*Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa*

## Dubi kuma

* Amincewa (disambiguation) , akasin ƙin yarda
* Rashin amincewa
* Rashin amincewa (disambiguation) 
* Rashin amincewa
Yanayin Mumbai

**[[Mumbai]]** (Bombay) ita ce birni mafi yawan jama'a a Indiya tare da yawan mutane miliyan 20. Tana kan Tsibirin Salsette a bakin tekun Maharashtra . Birtaniya sun haɗu da Tsibirin Bakwai na Bombay a cikin karni na 18, don samar da babban tsibiri ɗaya.

## Tuddan da ke zaune
Tsibirin bakwai na asali na Mumbai sun kunshi tuddai 22. Yawancin su an rushe su don cika wuraren da ba su da zurfi don haɗa tsibirin. Duwatsun da ke tsaye a yau sune:

* Malabar Hill - mafi girman matsayi a cikin birni
* Dutsen Cumbala
* Antop Hill
* Dutsen Sewri
* Gilbert Hill
* Dutsen Worli
* Dutsen Pali
* Dutsen Mazgaon
* Siyon Hill
* Dutsen Mahakali
* Dutsen Golanji
* Pulshachi Dongri
* Dutsen Salamati
* Dutsen Kanheri

Akwai jeri uku na tuddai tare da iyakokin birni.  Tudun Ghatkopar suna nan kusa da tashar Ghatkopar.  Yankin tudun yana tafiya a layi daya da titin jirgin ƙasa ta Tsakiya kuma ƙauyuka ne ke zaune.  A lokacin damina, zabtarewar kasa na zama ruwan dare.  Tudun Trombay sun mamaye babban yanki na Trombay da ke gabashin birnin.  Mafi tsayin tudu yana da kusan mita 302 (991 ft) sama da matakin teku.

Dutsen Powai suna nan a arewacin birnin. Gidan shakatawa na Borivali ya mamaye mafi yawan yankin. Tafkin Vihar da Tulsi suna cikin tsaunuka. Matsayi mafi girma na babban birni, a mita 450 (1,480 , yana cikin wannan yankin.

## Tafkuna
Akwai tabkuna uku a cikin birni. Tafkin Vihar da Tafkin Tulsi suna cikin Gidan shakatawa na Kasa kuma suna samar da wani ɓangare na ruwan sha na birnin. Tafkin Powai yana kudu da waɗannan biyun. Suna cikin tsakiyar Mumbai.

## Bays
Back Bay ita ce bakin teku mafi girma a cikin birnin.  Yankin bakin tekun Back Bay yanki ne mai jujjuyawar C mai tsawon kilomita 4, kuma Marine Drive yana kan wannan shimfidar.  Arewacin Marine Drive shine Worli Bay.  A tsakiyar bakin akwai kabarin Haji Ali, wani waliyyi musulmi a karni na 14.  Tsawon kewayen bay yana da kusan kilomita biyu.

Mahim_Bay" id="mwXw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Mahim Bay">Mahim Bay ita ce ta biyu mafi girma a cikin birni. Kogin Mithi ya zubo cikin Mahim Creek wanda ke shiga cikin bay. Yankin tsakanin birnin da kewayenta ya raba bayin. A arewa akwai Bandra kuma a kudu, Mahim.

## Koguna
Mumbai tana da koguna da yawa tare da kusan 71 km2 na koguna da mangroves a bakin tekun. Mangroves suna kusa da manyan tuddai da ke kusa da birnin. Vasai Creek zuwa arewa da Thane Creek zuwa gabas sun raba Tsibirin Salsette daga yankin. A cikin birni Malad (ko Marve) Creek da Gorai (ko Manori) Creek sun mamaye yankin da ke kusa da birni. Mahim Creek ya zama iyaka tsakanin gundumomi biyu. Akwai kuma Mahul Creek da Mahim Creek.&nbsp;

## Tsibirin

Kodayake tsibirai sun haɗu a cikin karni na 18, tsibirai har yanzu suna cike da Thane Creek. Tsibirin Elephanta, Tsibirin Butcher, Oyster Rock, Tsibirin Cross da Middle Ground sun warwatse a fadin Creek. Wadannan uku na ƙarshe tsibirai ne da ba a zaune ba mallakar Sojojin Ruwa na Indiya.

## Koguna

* Kogin Dahisar
* Kogin Poisar (River Poisar-Poinsar)
* Kogin Chandansar
* Kogin Oshiwara
* Kogin Vakola
* Kogin Gadhi
* Kogin Mahul (River Mahabali-Mahul)
* Kogin Mithi (Kogin Mahikavati-Mithi)
Sandra Botha

**Celia-Sandra Botha** (an haife ta a ranar 25 ga watan Fabrairu 1945) 'yar siyasa ce ta Afirka ta Kudu, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Jakadiyar Afirka ta Kudu a Jamhuriyar Czech. Ita ce tsohuwar shugabar 'yan adawa, a madadin jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance da shugabarta, Helen Zille, a majalisar dokokin ƙasar Afrika ta Kudu.

Ta bayyana aniyarta ta sauka daga mukamin bayan babban zaɓen Afrika ta Kudu a shekara ta 2009, domin zama jakadiya.  Zamanta a Prague ya ƙare a watan Yuni 2013.   Ba za ta nemi matsayin jagoranci a Afirka ta Kudu ba, amma za ta shiga cikin rayuwar siyasa, kuma ta kasance cikin "yakin ra'ayoyi". 

## Rayuwar farko da aiki
An haife ta ga dangin manoma na Afrikaner a Viljoenskroon, Orange Free State, tun farkon shekarun 1960, Botha ta shawo kan manoman gida don ɗaukar ma'aikacin zamantakewa don biyan bukatun iyalai baƙi na karkara. Ta kuma yi tattaunawa da Hukumar Citrus don ƙarin tallafin hunturu ga masu aikin gona.

Bayan kammala karatunta daga makarantar sakandaren Parys, Botha ta ci gaba da kammala shekara guda a New York tare da taimakon tallafin karatu. Daga baya ta sami digiri na BA a fannin tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Stellenbosch.

Ta auri wani manomi kuma tsohon ɗan majalisa Andries Johannes Botha kuma ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyar da jikoki biyar. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan auren, Botha ta shiga digirin Sesotho da ilimin harshe a UNISA.

Botha ta kuma shiga tsaka mai wuya a yunkurin yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata. Tare da Helen Zille, Botha wata ɓangare ce na motsi na Black Sash.

Ba ta da alaka da tsohon shugaban kasar PW Botha ko kuma tsohon ministan harkokin waje Pik Botha.

A shekarar 1999 an zaɓi Botha a matsayin majalissar larduna ta ƙasa ta jam'iyyar Democrat. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar caucus na jam'iyyar daga shekarun 2000 zuwa 2004.

## Shugaban 'yan adawa a majalisar dokokin ƙasar
A watan Mayun 2007, jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance ta zaɓi Sandra Botha a matsayin wakiliyarsu kuma Jagoran 'yan adawa. Botha ta samu rinjaye a kan tsohon ministan jam'iyyar NP, Tertius Delport. 

Kafin ta sauka daga majalisar a shekarar 2009, Botha ta ƙalubalanci gwamnati kan batutuwa da dama. Musamman, Botha ta yi ta tofa albarkacin bakinta game da rashin gamsuwarta bayan wata badaƙala da ta faru inda wasu farar fata likitoci huɗu a yankin Western Cape suka koma ƙasar waje. Manufofin tabbatar da aiki na Afirka ta Kudu da ake zargin sun hana su aiki a asibitocin gwamnati, duk da ƙarancin likitoci da guraben aiki da yawa a lardin. Shugaban ƙasar na wancan lokaci Thabo Mbeki ya musanta cewa haka lamarin yake, ya kuma tsawatar da Botha kan zargin da ta yi masa mai tsanani bisa labarin wata jarida.  Botha ta kuma yi kira da a yi wa tsarin ilimi garambawul.

## Manazarta
Yovogan

Yovogan (ko yovoghan, yévogan) minista ne ko kuma babban jigo na Masarautar Dahomey (a kudu maso yammacin Benin ta yau), mai kula da harkokin kasuwanci a Ouidah, musamman na bayi, da kuma dangantaka da ’yan kasuwa na Turai.

A cikin Fon, yovo na nufin "farar fata" ko "Bature" kuma gan yana bayyana "shugaba" ko "shugaba". Saboda haka, yovogan yana fassara kai tsaye a matsayin "shugaban farar fata amma yana daidaita a tsarin zamani zuwa "Ministan harkokin Turai".

Sarki Agaja na farko ya nada Yovogan na farko, mai yiwuwa a kusan shekara ta 1733,  bayan cin nasarar Mulkin Whydah a 1727. Wadanda suke ɗaukar nauyin yovogan sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a fagen siyasa, diflomasiyya, shari'a, tattalin arziki, da na soja har zuwa ƙarshen karni na 19. Sabani da cece-kuce a kan karfin rawar da ake takawa a tsakanin ‘yan yovogan da sarkinsu ya kai ga kora daga aiki, har ma da aiwatar da hukuncin kisa, musamman ta Sarki Tegbesu, magajin Agaja,
## Manazarta
Gidan rataya

Wold Home, ko gidan Wold, ɗan kasuwan bayi na Biritaniya, yana kudancin Togo. Wuri ne da aka tsare mutanen Afirka da ke jiran hawansu a lokacin cinikin bayi na boye. An yi amfani da wannan gidan don fataucin haram har zuwa 1852.

## Matsayin Gadon Duniya
An ƙara wannan rukunin yanar gizon zuwa cikin jerin abubuwan tarihi na UNESCO a ranar 8 ga Janairu, 2002, a cikin nau'in al'adu.An maido da ita a shekarar 2006. Mai shi a yanzu shine Chief Assiakoley
## Manazarta
Tsarkakewa Quisumbing

**Purificacion Valera Quisumbing** (c. 1934 – December 1, 2011) shine  Filipino human rights activist wacce ta rike matsayin  Commission on Human Rights from 2002 to 2008. ta kasance ƙwararriya daga University of Philippines.&#x5B;**&#x5D;

A watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta sake zabar Quisumbing zuwa karo na biyu, na shekaru uku a kwamitin ba da shawara na majalisar.

Quisumbing ta mutu a ranar 1 ga Disamba 2011, yana da shekaru 77. 

## References
Shaks na jan teku

Sharks Teku (Faransanci: Coke en stock) shine juzu'i na goma sha tara na The Adventures of Tintin, jerin barkwanci na ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Belgium Hergé. An fara tsara labarin a kowane mako a cikin Mujallar Tintin ta Belgium daga Oktoba 1956 zuwa Janairu 1958 kafin Casterman ya buga shi a cikin kundin da aka tattara a 1958. Labarin ya biyo bayan matashin ɗan jarida Tintin, karensa Snowy, da abokinsa Captain Haddock yayin da suke tafiya zuwa ƙagaggun labarai na Gabas ta Tsakiya na Khemed da niyyar juyin mulkin Kaliga na Benza. d'état daga maƙiyansa, waɗanda ƴan kasuwan bayi ke samun kuɗin kuɗaɗen da tsohon magajin Tintin Rastapopoulos ya jagoranta.
Hergé 1960
Bayan juzu'in da ya gabata a cikin jerin, Al'amarin Calculus, An ƙirƙiri Sharks na Teku tare da taimakon ƙungiyar masu fasaha na Hergé a Studios Hergé. Tasirin da Honoré de Balzac's The Human Comedy, Hergé ya yi amfani da labarin a matsayin abin hawa wanda a ciki ya sake dawo da nau'ikan haruffa waɗanda suka fara bayyana a farkon kaso na jerin. Labarin ya yi magana ne game da cinikin bayi na ’yan Afirka a cikin ƙasashen Larabawa, musamman cinikin bayi na Bahar Maliya, wanda ke gudana a lokacin da aka buga shi. Duk da haka, a cikin 1960s labarin ya haifar da cece-kuce yayin da ake zargin Hergé akai-akai da cewa ya nuna 'yan Afirka ta hanyar nuna wariyar launin fata. Ya fusata da waɗannan ikirari, kuma ya yi gyare-gyare ga hoton mutanen Afirka a sake buga su daga baya. Hergé ya ci gaba da Kasadar Tintin tare da Tintin a cikin Tibet, kuma jerin gaba ɗaya sun zama wani ma'anar al'adar ban dariya ta Franco-Belgian. Sharks na Tekun Bahar Maliya sun sami karɓuwa sosai, tare da masu sharhi daban-daban suna kwatanta shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun balaguron Tintin. An daidaita labarin don duka jerin abubuwan wasan kwaikwayo na Ellipse/Nevana na 1991 The Adventures of Tintin da 1992-3 BBC Radio 5 wasan kwaikwayo na Kasada.

## Takaitaccen bayani
A Brussels, Tintin da Kyaftin Haddock sun yi karo da wani tsohon masani, Janar Alcazar. Da suka koma zauren Marlinspike, sai suka tarar cewa wani masani, Sarkin Khemed, Mohammed Ben Kalish Ezab, wanda magajinsa Sheikh Bab El Ehr ya hambarar da shi, kuma Sarkin ya aika da dansa, Abdullah mai rashin biyayya, ya zauna a Marlinspike don kare kansa.'Yan sanda sun kai ziyara Thomson da Thompson, suna sanar da Tintin cewa Alcazar na neman siyan jirgin soji daga J. M. Dawson. Bayan binciken da aka yi, Tintin ya gano cewa Dawson ya kuma sayar da jiragen soji ga Bab El Ehr.
Sanin cewa hanya daya tilo da za a kawar da Abdullah ita ce a maido da ikon Sarki a kan Khemed, Tintin, Haddock, da kare su Snowy zuwa kasar Gabas ta Tsakiya. Sai dai su ukun sun tsira da kyar bam da aka dasa a cikin jirgin domin kashe su sakamakon da Dawson ya gano cewa Tintin ya yi masa leken asiri. Ana cikin haka sai fada ya barke tsakanin Haddock, mutumin da ya fusata da Tintin. Matukin jirgin ya ba da umarnin yin saukar gaggawar hadarin. A yanzu dai an kashe gobarar tare da kwashe fasinjoji daga wani jirgin da ke cin wuta, mutanen ukun sun samu shiga cikin birnin Wadeshah ba tare da an lura da su ba
## Manazarta
Tare da

Con ko CON na iya nufin:Tare da

 

## Wuraren da aka yi

* Commonwealth of Nations, ko CON, ƙungiyar tsoffin mallaka na Burtaniya
* Filin jirgin saman Concord Municipal (IATA airport code CON), filin jirgin sama na jama'a a Merrimack County, New Hampshire, Amurka
* Cornwall, Ingila, lambar Chapman CON

## Fasaha, nishaɗi, da kafofin watsa labarai

* Con (jerin talabijin) , shirin talabijin game da yaudarar amincewa
* Con Air, fim din aikata laifuka na Amurka na 1997
* Naruto: Clash of Ninja, ko CON, wasan yaƙi na 3D cel-shaded
* *Tarihin Narnia*, ko CON, jerin litattafai bakwai na yara da CS Lewis ya rubuta

## Alamomi da kamfanoni

* Consolidated Edison, wanda ake kira Con Edison ko ConEd
* Mai na Continental

## Harshe

* Harshen Con
* Harshe da aka gina

## Sauran amfani

### Tare da

* Con (sunan) 
* Kaddamarwa, wanda aka fi sani da con, zamba, ko flim flam; con kuma mutum ne wanda ke aiwatar da kwarin gwiwa
* Conn (nautical), wanda aka rubuta con, umurnin motsi na jirgin ruwa a teku
* Ka yi la'akari da (MUD) , ikon kimanta abokin hamayyar a cikin MUDs
* Gilashin tuntuɓar, a cikin Turanci na Hong Kong
* Taron (taron) 
** Taron magoya baya, misali "Comic-Con"
* Wanda aka yanke masa hukunci, kamar yadda aka yi masa hukunci, mutumin da aka yanke masa hukuncin aikata laifi, ko tsohon mai laifi, mutumin da ya kammala hukuncinsa na kurkuku Mai laifi, mutumin wanda aka yanke masa laifi a kotun shari'a
** Mai laifi, mutumin da aka yanke masa hukunci a kotun shari'a
* Con, kalmar kiɗa da ke nufin "*Tare da*" aro daga Italiyanci (duba Kalmomin kiɗa na Italiyanci da aka yi amfani da su a Turanci) 
* Con, Kakao Abokai haruffa

### KYAUTA

* Takardar shaidar Bukata, ko CON
* Kwamandan Order of the Niger, ko CON
* Cornwall, gundumar a Ingila, lambar Chapman
* CON, sunan da ba a yarda da shi ba don fayiloli a cikin Microsoft Windows, duba Jerin ƙwai na Easter a cikin samfuran Microsoft # Microsoft Windows.

## Dubi kuma
Veronica Koman

Veronica Koman (an haife ta 14 Yuni Shekara ta 1988) yar gwagwarmayar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ’yar Indonesiya ce kuma lauya, wacce aka sani da yada bayanai kan lardunan Papua da West Papua.  An ba ta lambar yabo ta Sir Ronald Wilson Human Rights Award a watan Oktoba shekara  ta 2019. 

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Koman a Medan, Arewacin Sumatra a ranar 14 ga Yuni 1988.  Ta kammala karatu daga fannin shari'a a Jami'ar Pelita Harapan.  A shekara ta 2016, ta sami tallafin karatu na gwamnatin Indonesia don ci gaba da karatu a Jami'ar Kasa ta Australia, ta kammala karatu tare da masters a fannin shari'a a watan Yulin shekara ta 2019.  Baya ga gwagwarmayarta a Papua, ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin lauya ga masu neman mafaka daga Afghanistan da Iran. A watan Mayun  shekara ta 2017, ta halarci zanga-zangar neman a saki tsohon gwamnan Jakarta Basuki Tjahaja Purnama daga gidan yari, kuma ta ba da jawabin sukar gwamnatin Joko Widodo.

A watan Satumban shekara ta 2019, 'yan sandan Indonesiya sun bayyana sunan Koman wanda ake zargi a karkashin dokar bayanai da na mu'amalar lantarki ta kasar bisa zargin "tazarta" da kuma " yada labaran karya".  Tana Ostiraliya a lokacin kuma ta ki komawa Indonesia. Indonesia ta yi barazanar neman Interpol da ta ba ja sanarwa don kama ta.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Rahotanni na Ƙasa game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam

Rahotanni na Kasashe kan Ayyukan ''Yancin ɗan adam wallafe-wallafe ne na shekara-shekara game da yanayin' yancin dan adam a ƙasashe da yankuna a waje da Amurka, wanda dokar Amurka ta ba da umarnin a gabatar da shi a kowace shekara ta Ofishin Dimokuradiyya, 'Yancin Dan Adam, da Aiki na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ga Majalisa ta Amurka. Rahotanni sun rufe haƙƙin mutum, na farar hula, na siyasa, da na ma'aikata, kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin Universal Declaration of Human Rights . Rahoton farko ya rufe shekara ta 1976, wanda aka bayar a shekarar 1977.

Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin ta amsa zargi akai-akai a cikin wannan rahoton ta hanyar fitar da irin wannan rahoton shekara-shekara mai taken "Rubuce-rubucen 'Yancin Dan Adam na Amurka".

A ranar 19 ga Maris, 2025, Politico ta ba da rahoton cewa gwamnatin Trump za ta cire sassan daga littafin da ke tattauna nuna bambanci ga mata, LGBTQ + mutane, nakasassu, da 'yan asalin ƙasar.

## Dubi kuma
United States Hague Abduction Convention Compliance Reports

## References
Wahala a afrika

Wahala a Afirka abin tunawa ne na 1817 na James Riley. Littafin ya ba da labarin yadda Riley da ma'aikatansa suka kasance bayi a Afirka bayan da jirgin ruwa ya tarwatse a shekara ta 1815. Riley shi ne Kyaftin na jirgin ruwan kasuwanci na Amurka. Ya jagoranci ma’aikatansa ta cikin hamadar Sahara bayan da jirgin ya nutse a gabar tekun yammacin Sahara a watan Agustan 1815. An buga littafin a shekara ta 1817 kuma an fara sa masa suna Authentic Narrative of the Loss of the American Brig Commerce ta "Late Master and Supercargo" James Riley, wanda aka sake bugawa na zamani a matsayin Wahala a Afirka, kuma ya fara saukowa zuwa ga bautar mu a Afirka.

Wannan labari na gaskiya ya bayyana yadda jirgin ruwa ya rutsa da su, da irin wahalar da suka sha a cikin hamadar sahara. An rasa a cikin wannan duniyar da ba a sani ba, Kyaftin Riley ya ji alhakin ma'aikatansa da amincin su. Ya ba da labarin abubuwan da suka kai ga kame su da ‘yan fashin ‘yan asalin kasar Sahrawi suka rike su a matsayin bayi. Mummunan wulakanci, an buge su, sun kone su, sun ji yunwa, aka tilasta musu shan fitsarin nasu da na rakumi. Bawa za a yi aiki har ya kusa mutuwa, sannan a yi ciniki ko a kashe shi

## Takaitacciyar makirci
Lokacin da aka sauka a cikin kwale-kwalen da ke cikin jirgin, Riley da ma'aikatansa sun fara yin gyare-gyare don komawa cikin jirgin, maimakon fuskantar ceto a hamada. Gyaran da aka yi bai cika ba lokacin da wani dan kasar dauke da mashi ya zo ya taimaka wa kanshi da kayansu kadan. Bayan ya cika hannuwansa da abin da zai iya dauka, ya fita ya dawo tare da wasu guda biyu dauke da mashi. Riley ya zauna baya don ya raba hankalin Larabawa kuma ya ba mutanensa damar tserewa a cikin kwale-kwalen da aka ɗorawa da ba a gama ba.

Sun yi hakan, amma ba tare da Riley ba, wanda ya ba wa waɗanda suka kama shi kuɗi don musanya rayuwarsa. Tare da yarjejeniyarsu, ma'aikacin jirgin Antonio Michele ya yi iyo zuwa bakin teku don biyan su, a lokacin Riley ya shiga cikin ruwa don shiga cikin mutanensa. Bayan da Riley ya tsira a cikin jirgin, duk abin da zai iya yi shi ne kallo yayin da wani Balarabe yaOren, Michael. "To the Shores o caka wa Michele wuka a ciki kuma.
## Manazarta
Kishin ƙasa na Tigrayan

**Kishin ƙasa na Tigrayan kishin kasa** ne na ƙabilanci da ke kare muradun al'ummar Tigrai a ƙasar Habasha.  Mafi rinjaye daga ƙungiyar ’yan tawayen Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) tare da magabacin "Tigray Liberation Front (TLF)", irin wannan nau’in kishin ƙasa yana ɗaukan cewa ’yan Tigrayan ƙungiya ce mai cin gashin kanta da ke da asali, gado, tarihi da al’adu na musamman har a ciki da wajen Habasha. Don haka, suna iƙirarin cewa Tigray ita ce tushen wayewar Habasha, kuma ita ce mai amfanar gina ƙasa gaba ɗaya ba tare da wasu ƙabilun gida ba. 'Yan kishin yankin Tigrai suna zargin 'yan ƙabilar Amhara da dora al'adu, tattalin arziki da siyasarsu kan 'yan kabilar Tigrai .   

Kishin ƙabilanci na Tigrai ya yi fice a lokacin gwamnatin Habasha (EPRDF) a matsayin tsarin tarayya na ƙabilanci a Habasha tun 1991.

## Manazarta
Hukumar Bauta ta wucin gadi

Hukumar Bauta ta wucin gadi (TSC) kwamiti ne na Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ƙasashen Duniya, wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin 1924.

Shi ne kwamitin farko na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ya yi magana kan batun bauta da cinikin bayi, sannan ya biyo bayan taron yaki da bautar da ake yi a Brussels 1889–90.

Hukumar ta TSC ta gudanar da wani bincike a duniya game da bauta, cinikin bayi da aikin tilastawa, tare da ba da shawarar hanyoyin magance matsalolin. Ayyukanta sun kafa tushe don Yarjejeniyar Bauta ta 1926 kuma ta yi tasiri ga ma'anar bauta ta zamani da cin zarafin mutane.

## Tarihi
Fage da tushe
TSC ta kasance gaban taron yaki da bauta na Brussels 1889-90, wanda ya yi magana game da bautar a matakin rabin duniya ta hanyar wakilan mulkin mallaka. An kammala shi da Dokar Taro na Brussels na 1890. Dokar ta 1890 ta sake duba ta ta Yarjejeniyar Saint-Germain-en-Laye 1919. Bayan da aka kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙasa a 1920, an ji bukatar gudanar da bincike game da wanzuwar bauta da cinikin bayi a duniya a matakin duniya, tare da manufar kawar da shi a inda ya kasance.

Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta gudanar da bincike na yau da kullun game da wanzuwar bauta da cinikin bayi a cikin 1922-1923, tare da tattara bayanai daga gwamnatocin biyu da kuma ƙungiyoyin sa-kai irin su Ƙungiyar Yaƙin Bauta da Ofishin International pour la défense des indigènes (Hukumar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Kare Ƙungiyoyin Ƙasar, BIDI). Duka ƙungiyoyin sa-kai guda biyu suna son a samar da ofishin yaƙi da bautar da ƙasa na dindindin a Geneva. Turawan mulkin mallaka sun yi jinkirin aika isassun bayanai don samar da rahoto, wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga yanke shawarar kafa hukumar.

## Manazarta
Yanci na lamiri

**[['Yanci]] na lamiri** shine' yancin mutum don yin aiki a kan imanin ɗabi'a. Musamman, sau da yawa yana nufin 'yancin *kada a yi* wani abu da aka saba tilasta, ya ba da umarni ko ya sa ran ya yi. Mutumin da ke amfani da wannan 'yanci ana iya kiransa mai ƙin yarda da lamiri. 

Hakkin 'yancin lamiri an amince da shi ta hanyar tarurruka da yawa na kasa da kasa, kamar su Sanarwar Duniya game da 'Yancin Dan Adam"s da Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam. Ya bambanta da amma yana da alaƙa da 'yancin tunani,' 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da' 'yancin addini.

## Dubi kuma

* Yancin kirkira ko fasaha
* Autonomy
* Yancin hankali
* Sashi na lamirin kai (a ilimi)
* Sashi na lamiri a fannin likitanci a Amurka
* Conscientious objection to abortion
* Conscientious objection to military service
* Freethought
* Intellectual freedom
* Liberty
* Political freedom
* Prisoner of conscience
* Vaccine hesitancy and religion
* Vegan school meal
* Whistleblowing

## Bayani
Kwamitin Belarustian Helsian

**Kwamitin Helsinki na Belarushiyanci** (BHC; Belarushiyanci: РПГА «Беларускі Хельсінкскі Камітэт» (БХК)) kungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta kare hakkin bil'adama da aka kafa a cikin 1995 kuma a cikin 2007 ita ce kawai ragowar 'yancin ɗan adam mai zaman kanta daga Belarus. Manufarta ita ce kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a Belarus bisa ga yarjejeniyar Helsinki.

Gwamnati ta ci tarar kungiyar dalar Amurka 73,000 bisa zargin rashin biyan haraji kan kudaden da aka samu ta hanyar tallafin Shirin Tacis na Tarayyar Turai (2003, Kotun Koli ta soke shi a 2004) kuma ta gabatar da kararrakin laifuka kan jami’an kungiyar, gami da shugabanta Taciana Proćka.

A cikin 2021 BHC ya zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda Alexander Lukashenko ya shafa a duk faɗin ƙasar a kan kafofin watsa labarai masu zaman kansu da kuma ƙungiyoyin kare hakkin ɗan adam bayan zanga-zangar Belarusiya. An kai samame ofishinta sau da yawa, sannan ‘yan sanda suka rufe shi. Ma’aikatar Shari’a ta bukaci takardu, wadanda aka ajiye a ofishin da ba za a iya shiga ba, kuma ta ba da sammaci a daidai wannan ranar da bukatar. Sharuɗɗa biyu a cikin shekara suna ba da damar Ma'aikatar ta fara aiwatar da aikin ruwa.   

A ranar 1 ga Oktoba 2021, Kotun Koli ta tilasta wa Kwamitin Helsinki na Belarus. Kotun ta yi amfani da kayan wasu shari'o'in laifuffuka da ba a bayyana ba (wataƙila ba tare da yanke hukunci ba zuwa yanzu) don rushe BHC. BHC ita ce ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam mai rijista a Belarus (na ƙarshe shine Pravovaya iniciativa — The Legal Initiative, wanda kuma ke ƙarƙashin ruwa)

A cikin Yuli 2022, Kwamitin Helsinki na Belarus ya sami matsayin shawarwari tare da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ECOSOC, ya zama NGO na farko na Belarus da irin wannan matsayi.

## Manazarta
George Taubman Goldie

Sir George Dashwood Taubman Goldie KCMG FRS (20 ga Mayu 1846 - 20 ga Agusta 1925) ya kasance mai gudanarwa na Manx wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa Najeriya. A hanyoyi da yawa, rawar da ya taka ta yi kama da ta Cecil Rhodes a wasu wurare a Afirka amma bai nemi talla ba.
## Farkon Rayuwa
George Goldie ya fito ne daga tsohuwar iyalin Scotland. An haife shi a Nunnery, Douglas a cikin Isle of Man, ɗan ƙarami na Lieutenant Colonel John Taubman Goldie-Taubman, Kakakin House of Keys, da matarsa ta biyu, Caroline Everina, 'yar John Eykyn Hovenden, lauya na Hemingford Grey, Huntingdonshire. Sir George ya sake dawo da sunan mahaifinsa, Goldie, ta hanyar Royal License a 1887.

Ya yi karatu a Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, kuma kusan shekaru biyu ya gudanar da kwamiti a cikin Royal Engineers. Abin mamaki ga lokacin, Goldie ya kasance mai yarda da Allah.

A shekara ta 1870, ya yi aure, Matilda (wanda aka fi sani da "Maude") Catherine, 'yar John William Elliott na Wakefield . Ya yi tafiya a duk sassan Afirka, ya sami ilimi mai zurfi game da nahiyar, kuma ya fara ziyartar ƙasar Nijar a 1877.
## Manazarta
Yarjejeniyar Heligoland-Zanzibar

Yarjejeniyar Heligoland-Zanzibar (Jamus: ; wanda aka fi sani da Yarjejeniyar Anglo-Jamusancin 1890) yarjejeniya ce da aka sanya hannu a ranar 1 ga Yulin 1890 tsakanin Jamus da Ingila .

Yarjejeniyar ta ba Jamus iko da Caprivi Strip (ƙwallo na ƙasar da ta ba Jamus ta Kudu maso Yammacin Afirka damar zuwa Kogin Zambezi), tsibirin Heligoland da ke cikin Tekun Arewa, da kuma tsakiyar Jamus ta Gabashin Afirka. A sakamakon haka, Jamus ta amince da ikon Burtaniya a Zanzibar. Ana buƙatar Heligoland don sarrafa sabon Canal na Kiel da kuma kusanci zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na Tekun Arewacin Jamus. Burtaniya ta yi amfani da Zanzibar a matsayin babbar hanyar haɗi a cikin ikon Burtaniya na Gabashin Afirka.
## Sharudda

Jamus ta sami tsibirin Heligoland (Jamusanci: ) a cikin Tekun Arewa, asalin mallakar dukes na Holstein-Gottorp amma tun daga 1814 mallakar Burtaniya, abin da ake kira Caprivi Strip a cikin abin da ke yanzu Namibia, da kuma hannun 'yanci don sarrafawa da samun bakin tekun Dar es Salaam wanda zai zama ainihin Jamus ta Gabashin Afirka (daga baya Tanganyika, yanzu babban yankin Tanzania).

A musayar, Jamus ta ba da kariya ga Burtaniya a kan karamin sultanate na Wituland (Deutsch-Witu, a bakin tekun Kenya) da kuma wasu sassan Gabashin Afirka da ke da muhimmanci ga Burtaniya don gina hanyar jirgin ƙasa zuwa Tafkin Victoria, kuma ta yi alkawarin ba za ta tsoma baki da ayyukan Burtaniya game da Sultanate mai zaman kanta na Zanzibar (watau tsibirin Unguja da Pemba). Bugu da kari, yarjejeniyar ta kafa yankin Jamusanci na sha'awa a Afirka ta Kudu maso Yamma (mafi yawan Namibia na yanzu) kuma ta daidaita iyakoki tsakanin Togoland na Jamus da British Gold Coast (yanzu Ghana), da kuma tsakanin Kameru na Jamus da Birtaniya Najeriya
## Sakamako
Biritaniya ta fitar da kanta daga sansanin sojan ruwa wanda ya rufe hanyoyin zuwa manyan sansanonin sojan ruwa na Jamus a Tekun Arewa. Nan da nan ya ayyana mai kariya a kan Zanzibar kuma, a cikin yakin Anglo-Zanzibar na 1896, ya sami cikakken iko da sultanate.
## Manazarta
Yawan jama'a da amfani da makamashi a cikin Amazonia na Brazil

**Amazon na Shari'a na [[Brazil]]** (abbreviation **BLA**),  a cikin Amazônia Legal na Portuguese (pronunciation na Portuguese: [amaˈzonjɐ leˈɡaw]), shine mafi girman yanki na zamantakewa a Brazil, wanda ke dauke da dukkan jihohi tara a cikin kwandon Amazon. Gwamnati ta sanya wannan yankin a cikin 1948 bisa ga bincikenta game da yadda za a tsara ci gaban tattalin. arziki da zamantakewa na Yankin Amazon.

## Yankin
A hukumance nadi Amazônia Legal ya ƙunshi dukkan jihohin Brazil bakwai na yankin Arewa (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima da Tocantins), da kuma mafi yawan Mato Grosso a cikin Cibiyar-Yamma yankin da yammacin Maranhão a yankin arewa maso gabas.  Amazônia Legal yanki ne mai tsayin kilomita 5,016,136.3 tare da mazauna kusan miliyan 24;  a wasu kalmomi 59% na yankin ƙasar Brazil wani ɓangare ne na Dokar Amazônia, amma kawai 12.34% na yawan mutanen Brazil suna zaune a can.  An kafa sashin gudanarwa da farko ta Dokar Tarayya No. 5.173 (Art. 2).

Kodayake ana kiranta Amazônia Legal, yankin ya mamaye halittu daban-daban guda uku: duk yankin Amazon na Brazil, 37% na Cerrado biome, da 40% na Pantanal biome. Babban halayyar yankin shine tsire-tsire masu yawa da na wurare masu zafi, gami da manyan sassan gandun daji.

Amazon na Shari'a ya kasu kashi biyu: Yammacin Amazon (Amazônia Occidental, a Portuguese) da Gabashin Amazon (Amazónia Oriental, a Portuarian).

**Yammacin Amazon** ya ƙunshi jihohin: Acre, Amazonas, Roraima da, Rondônia . 

**Gabashin Amazon** ya ƙunshi jihohin: Pará, Maranhão, Amapá, Tocantins da, Mato Grosso . 

## Rarrabawar

### Yankin yamma
Yankin yammacin da ya dace da 44.54% na fadada yankin Amazon na Shari'a (72% na gandun daji na Amazon), mafi yawan abubuwan da aka kiyaye. Ya ƙunshi jihohin Brazil na: Amazonas, Acre, Rondônia da, Roraima .  Tattalin arzikin yankin ya dogara ne akan: masana'antar noma, kiwon kifi, kiwon dabbobi, masana'antar abinci, hakar shuke-shuke da ma'adanai, noma da yawon shakatawa, inda tattalin arziki da dorewa ke tafiya hannu da hannu.

### Yankin gabas
Yankin yamma ya ƙunshi jihohin Brazil na: Pará, Maranhão, Amapá, Tocantins da, Mato Grosso.   Wannan kuma yana samuwa da kashi 20% na cerrado biome da wani ɓangare na pantanal.  Yawanta shine 12.4% na yawan jama'ar ƙasa (mazauna 21,056,532).

## Yawan jama'a
Adadin mazauna miliyan 24.7 suna zaune a yankin,  ciki har da fiye da 'yan asalin 300,000 na kabilun sama da 170. Daga cikin wadannan akwai al'ummomin gargajiya da yawa.

Saboda nisanta, wannan yankin shine na karshe da 'yan Brazil na zuriyar Turai suka mallaka. Har yanzu yana da ƙarancin yawan jama'a.
Hermann Wissmann

Hermann Wilhelm Leopold Ludwig Wissmann, bayan 1890 Hermann von Wissmann (4 Satumba 1853 - 15 Yuni 1905), ya kasance mai bincike Jamus kuma mai gudanarwa a Afirka.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife shi a Frankfurt an der Oder, Wissmann ya shiga cikin Sojojin Prussia a 1870 kuma an ba shi umurni a matsayin Lieutenant shekaru hudu bayan haka. Wissmann ya yi aiki a Mecklenburg a cikin Füsilierregiment No. 90 da aka sanya a Rostock. A wannan lokacin dole ne ya yi zaman kurkuku na watanni huɗu saboda raunata abokin hamayyarsa a duel. Wani ganawa da dama na 1879 tare da mai binciken Dr. Paul Pogge ya canza rayuwarsa.

## Manazarta
Ƙaddamar da Matasa don Haƙƙin Dan Adam

Kadamar da matasan domin yakin Dan adam(Serbo-Croatian: Inicijativa mladih za ljudska prava; Albaniya: Nisma e të Rinjve për të Drejtat e Njeriut) ko YIHR cibiyar sadarwa ce ta kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu masu zaman kansu da ke aiki a Serbia,, kosovo, Croatia, Montenegro da Bosnia. An mai da hankali ne kan gina alaka da samar da hadin gwiwa tsakanin matasa daga kabilu daban-daban na yankin Balkan

## Tarihi
YIHR ta goyi bayan aikin kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta kasa da kasa na tsohuwar Yugoslavia (ICTY) ta hanyar yada bayanai da ilimi da kuma lura da haƙƙin ɗan adam. har ila yau, tana shirya ziyarar zuwa Hukumar Kula da Bacewar Jama'a ta Duniya.

A cikin 2008 an kafa reshen Croatian na ƙungiyar wanda ya haifar da canjin ofisoshi / shirye-shirye na ƙasa zuwa ƙungiyoyi masu cin gashin kansu waɗanda suka kafa cibiyar sadarwa ta yanki ta YIHR a cikin 2010.
A ranar 25 ga Satumba 2013 Kotun Turai ta kare hakkin bil'adama ta ba da hukunci a shari'ar Youth Initiative for Human Rights v. Serbia, inda ta bayyana cewa an keta doka ta 10 na Yarjejeniyar Turai kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam kuma dole ne Serbia ta tabbatar, a cikin watanni uku daga ranar da aka yanke hukunci tare da bayanin da aka nema. reshen Kosovo da Serbia suna aiki tare a kan yaƙin neman zaɓe na ɗaukaka masu aikata laifukan yaƙi, waɗanda ke faruwa a ƙasashen biyu.

Cibiyar sadarwa ta yanki ta sami lambobin yabo da yawa, gami da kasancewa wanda ya karɓi lambar yabo ta Vaclav Havel 'Yancin Dan Adam a cikin 2019. 

## Cibiyar sadarwa na yanki na kungiyoyi
YIHR - Serbia
Ƙaddamar da Matasa don Haƙƙin Dan Adam a Sabiya (YIHR SR) an kafa shi a cikin 2003 a Belgrade. Babban darektan ita ce Sofija Todorović

## YIHR - Kosovo
Ƙaddamar da Matasa don Haƙƙin Dan Adam a Kosovo (YIHR KS) an kafa shi a cikin 2004 a Priština. Kamar yadda na 2017 babban darektan shine Marigona Shabiu.[,

## YIHR - Bosnia da Herzegovina
An kafa Ƙaddamar da Matasa don Haƙƙin Dan Adam a Bosnia da Herzegovina (YIHR BiH) a cikin 2007 a Sarajevo. Babban darektan ita ce Irena Hasić.

## YIHR - Croatia
Ƙaddamar da Matasa don Haƙƙin Dan Adam a Croatia (YIHR HR) an yi rajista a cikin 2008 daga ofishin YIHR Zagreb na baya. Babban darektan shi ne Morana Starčević.

## YIHR - Montenegro
An kafa Shirin Matasa don 'Yancin Dan Adam a Montenegro (YIHR HR) a cikin 2008. Babban darektan Edina Hasanaga Čobaj.
## Manazarta
Kamfanin Mozambique

Kamfanin Mozambique (Portuguese: Companhia de Moçambique) kamfani ne na sarauta da ke aiki a Mozambique na Portuguese wanda ke da izinin ƙasashe a cikin mulkin mallaka na Portugal, wanda ya dace da lardunan Manica da Sofala na yanzu a tsakiyar Mozambique .

An kafa kamfanin ne a ranar 11 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1891, tare da babban birnin kusan dala miliyan 5 da aka samu daga masu ba da kuɗi daga Jamus, Ingila da Afirka ta Kudu. Isaacman da Isaacman sun ba da rahoton cewa kamfanin ya sami babban kuɗi a fam 40,000 (ton 18.14), kuma babban birnin Burtaniya da Faransa da sauri ya fi yawa.
## Manazarta
Mabuɗin Croatia

Makullin Croatia (Croatia: Ključ Hrvatske) jam'iyyar siyasa ce mai yawan jama'a a Croatia. 
,"The Rise of New Challenger Parties in Croatia: Party System Stability Endangered?"  
Har sai da jam'iyyar ta canza suna a ranar 21 ga Mayu 2022, an san ta da Garkuwar Dan Adam (Croatian: Živi zid, lit.'Living Wall') kuma an kafa ta ne daga wata   kungiyar masu adawa da korar suna iri daya. Ƙungiyar ta yi adawa da ƙetare ta hanyar mamaye dukiya da kafa "garkuwar ɗan adam", saboda haka sunan.    

An kafa jam'iyyar a ranar 2 ga Yuni 2011 a matsayin Alliance for Change (Croatian: Savez za promjene). kuma yayi aiki a ƙarƙashin wannan sunan har ya zama Garkuwar Dan Adam a cikin 2014 gabanin zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 2014–15, yana goyan bayan takarar Ivan Vilibor Sinčić.

Jam’iyyar ta ki a siffanta ta a matsayin hagu ko dama kuma tana da’awar riko da dabi’un dan’adam

A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 2024, jam'iyyar ta haɗu tare da Bari Mu Canza Jam'iyyar Croatia da jerin masu zaman kansu na Mislav Kolakušić zuwa cikin Doka da Adalci. Tsohon shugaban jam'iyyar, Ivan Vilibor Sinčić, ya zama mataimakin shugaban sabuwar zabin da aka kafa.

## Akida da ka'idoji
An bayyana jam'iyyar a matsayin "ya yaba rubuce-rubucen David Icke" da kuma "turawa da dama ra'ayoyin makirci game da magunguna da alluran rigakafi". Wata makala ta mujallar Jacobin ta Juraj Katalenac ta bayyana jam'iyyar a matsayin wata ƙungiya mai ra'ayin jama'a wadda "a galibi ana kwatanta ta a matsayin ɓangare na hagu, amma tana ba da ƙarin ra'ayoyin makirci fiye da manufofin ci gaba" 
Jam'iyyar ta yi imanin cewa tsarin kuɗi na yanzu ba shi da adalci kuma ba shi da dorewa saboda yana dogara ne akan kudi a matsayin bashi, watau duk kuɗin da ake yi a wurare daban-daban ya zo ne a matsayin rance tare da yawan kuɗin da ba a taɓa shiga ba (kawai babba ya yi), wanda shine, bisa ga jam'iyyar, dalilin da ya sa yawancin korar da aka yi a Croatia.

Jam’iyyar ta tsaya ga:

tabbatar da ikon mallakar kuɗi na Jamhuriyar Croatia da aiwatar da tsarin ba da lamuni na kuɗi;
aiwatar da tsarin shari'a na gaskiya da inganci, musamman haramcin bin doka da oda da rashin bin ka'ida, aiwatar da tsarin gida daya tilo da sirrin hukumomin gwamnati;
mutunta mutunci, yanci da hakkokin ’yan kasa, ba tare da la’akari da bambancin addini da kabila, shekaru, jinsi ko matsayin zamantakewa ba;
ci gaban al’umma mai adalci, musamman kare ‘yan kasa daga ayyukan zalunci, fasadi da zalunci na hukumomin gwamnati;
kariya ga al'adun gargajiya da na halitta da muhallin ɗan adam;
tabbatar da haƙƙoƙin da aka tabbatar da mutane na kiwon lafiya, ilimi, kula da zamantakewa, aiki, iyali da sauran haƙƙoƙin;
fahimta da kare haƙƙin ma'aikata, mutanen da ke rayuwa daga aiki da kuma tushen aikin su;
aiwatar da hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa;
kare hakkin dabba.

## Manazarta
Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Kongo

Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Kongo (Faransanci: Mouvement national Congolais, ko MNC) jam'iyya ce ta siyasa a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo .

## Tarihi
An kafa MNC a shekara ta 1958 a matsayin jam'iyyar kishin kasa ta Afirka a cikin Belgian Congo . Jam'iyyar kungiya ce ta gaba da aka sadaukar don samun 'yancin kai "a cikin lokaci mai ma'ana" da kuma hada mambobi daga bangarori daban-daban na siyasa don samun' yancin kai.[1] An kirkiro MNC ne a kan wata yarjejeniya wacce Patrice Lumumba, Cyril Adoula da Joseph Iléo suka sanya hannu. Joseph Kasa-Vubu musamman ya ki sanya hannu, yana zargin jam'iyyar da kasancewa mai matsakaici. A ƙarshen 1959, ta yi iƙirarin cewa tana da mambobi 58,000 .

MNC jam'iyya ce ta kasa da ke da goyon baya sosai a duk faɗin Kongo, yayin da yawancin sauran jam'iyyun suka dogara ne da haɗin kai na yanki ko kabilanci kuma sun sami goyon baya a lardunan su.

MNC ita ce babbar jam'iyyar kishin kasa a Belgian Congo amma tana da bangarori daban-daban a ciki waɗanda suka ɗauki matsayi daban-daban akan batutuwa da yawa kuma suna ƙara rarraba tsakanin masu matsakaici da membobin jama'a masu tsattsauran ra'ayi.[1] A watan Yulin 1959, Iléo ya yi ƙoƙari ya raba jam'iyyar kuma ya kirkiro wata jam'iyya mai tsattsauran ra'ayi bisa ga goyon bayan tarayya maimakon tsakiya, amma ƙungiyarsa ta kasa samun raguwa daga babban jam'iyyar.
## Manzarta
Injin Ruwa na Muhalli

Environmental Fluid Mechanics wata mujallar kimiyya ne da ake yin nazari da ita a kan kimiyyar duniya da Springer Science + Business Media ta buga.

* Abubuwan da ke ciki a yanzu / Kimiyya ta jiki, Chemical & Earth 
* Tushen kaya
* INSPEC
* Kasancewa
* Ƙididdigar Bayani ta Kimiyya
* Scopus

## Manazarta
Théophile Wahis

**Lieutenant-General Baron Theophile Wahis** (Faransa pronunciation: [teofil wa.i]; 27 Afrilu 1844 - 26 Janairu 1921) ya kasance soja ne na Belgium kuma ma'aikacin mulkin mallaka wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Gwamna-Janar na Jihar Congo Free kuma, daga baya, Belgian Congo na wa'adi biyu tsakanin 1891 da 1912. Shi ne mafi tsawo mulki na gwamnonin mulkin mallaka na Belgium.

## Manazarta