Ethel Rudkin

Ethel Rudkin (1893) – 21 ga Satumba, 1985) marubuciya ce 'yar Ingila, masanin tarihi, masanin kayan tarihi da kuma mai sharhi kan al'adun gargajiya daga Lincolnshire . Ta fara tattara kayan tarihi na gargajiya, musamman daga Lincolnshire, kuma tarin kayan tarihinta yanzu wani bangare ne na cibiyoyin gwamnati da dama, ciki har da Gidan Tarihi na North Lincolnshire .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Ethel Hutchinson a shekara ta 1893 a Willughton, Lincolnshire .  Iyayenta Richard da Ethel Hutchinson ne; dangin mahaifiyarta asalinsu daga Suffolk ne.  A lokacin da take ƙarama, an ɗauke ta aiki a matsayin mai kula da gida da kuma ango a gida ɗaya. 

A shekarar 1917 ta auri George Rudkin daga Folkingham,  kuma bisa ga labarin mutuwarta a cikin *littafin Folklore,* ta yi "aure mai daɗi amma mai ɗan gajeren lokaci har zuwa rasuwarsa da wuri a 1918".  George ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in da aka naɗa a rundunar 'yan bindiga ta Machine Gun Corps' a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya kuma ya mutu a lokacin annobar mura.  An kuma ba shi lambar yabo ta Soja.  Gidan Tarihi na North Lincolnshire yana ɗauke da jaka mai ɗauke da furannin aurenta da wasiƙu daga gare shi.  Bayan mutuwar George, ta koma Willughton don ta zauna da kula da iyayenta. 

A rayuwarta ta baya, Lucy Arliss ta ƙaura tare da Rudkin, ta taimaka mata a fannin binciken kayan tarihi kuma sun zauna tare har tsawon rayuwar Arliss.  A shekara ta 1972 ita da Arliss suka ƙaura zuwa wani ƙaramin gida a Toynton All Saints, kusa da Spilsby .  Arliss ta mutu bayan 'yan shekaru.  A tsawon rayuwarta, abokai sun san Rudkin da laƙabin 'Peter'. 

## Sana'a
Rudkin tana da sha'awar al'adu da tatsuniyoyi na Lincolnshire kuma ta fara tattara labarai da abubuwan da ke nuna waɗannan abubuwan, ba tare da son iyayenta ba.  A wannan lokacin a shekarun 1920 da 1930 ne aka yi yawancin tarin ta.  A shekarar 1927 ta taimaka wa CW Phillips wajen gyara tsoffin abubuwan tarihi don taswirar binciken makamai.  A shekarar 1931 ta shiga ƙungiyar Al'adu, inda aikinta a kan Lincolnshire ya sami ƙarfafa gwiwa, musamman daga Margaret Murray .  A shekarar 1936, Rudkin ta buga littafinta *na Lincolnshire Folklore*, tare da gabatarwa daga Murray.  A wannan shekarar, an buga babban rubutunta na *Black Dogs* a cikin mujallar ƙungiyar Al'adu.  Sauran labaran sun haɗa da al'adun kalanda, mayu da kuma labaran dutse.  A shekarun 1930, ta kuma kasance mai himma a ƙungiyar tarihin yankin Lincolnshire, waɗanda ke fatan kafa gidan tarihi na gundumar.  A cikin 1931–32 ta tona wani gini na zamanin da kusa da Willoughton. 

Kiɗan gargajiya wani ƙarin abin sha'awa ne ga Rudkin kuma ta yi aiki tare da Robert Pacey a cikin *Littafin Waƙoƙin Lincolnshire.*  A rayuwarta ta baya, ta yi rikodin waƙoƙin gargajiya da ta koya tun tana ƙarama.  Bugu da ƙari, ta kuma tattara *Plough Plays*, inda ta gina wani tarihi wanda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyau a Ingila.  Baya ga wasannin kwaikwayo da kansu, Rudkin ta yi magana da masu wasan kwaikwayo kuma ta rubuta nata bayanan dangane da waɗannan tattaunawar.  A shekarar 1952 ta buga kwafin *The Later Bassingham Plough Play*, wanda ta yi aiki a kai daga wani rubutun hannu da aka gudanar a Gidan Tarihi na North Lincolnshire . 

A shekarun 1970, Rudkin ta ƙara sha'awar wuraren fences na kudu na Lincolnshire.  A lokacin da suka ƙaura zuwa Toynton All Saints, Rudkin tana da tarin abubuwa da yawa har ta yi hayar injin niƙa iska don adana su.  Ta kuma fara haƙa a Eresby manor a wannan lokacin,  da kuma aikin tubali a East Keal .  Ta kuma yi nazarin wuraren girki na tukwane da tukwane daga Toynton All Saints da Bolingbroke . 

A shekarar 1977, an yi bikin ƙarshen mako a Horncastle don murnar rayuwar Rudkin da gudummawarta ga tarihin Lincolnshire da kuma nazarin tatsuniyoyi a gundumar.  Masu bincike masu karɓar baƙi sun kasance muhimmin ɓangare na rayuwarta kuma ɗalibai da yawa sun yi aiki tare da ita tsawon shekaru.  Ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan ɗaliba ita ce masanin ilmin kayan tarihi Hilary Healey. 

Rudkin ya mutu a ranar 21 ga Satumba 1985, yana da shekaru 92. 

## Kyaututtuka

* 1984 – Lambar Yabo ta Coote Lake, wacce aka ba ta tare da Dr Hilda Davidson 
* Rudkin ya ƙi amincewa da MBE a shekarar 1976 

## Littattafai

### Littattafai

* *Lincolnshire Folklore* (EP Publishing, 1974) 
* *Bayanan kula game da Tarihin Toynton All Saints da Toynton St Peter* (Littattafan Old Chapel Lane) 

### Labarai

* 'Bayanin wasan Haxey hood na 1932' *Tatsuniyoyi* (1932) 
* 'Wuraren Romawa a arewacin Lincoln: bayanai kan wasu sanannun da ba a sani ba' *Mujallar Lincolnshire* (1932) 
* *Tatsuniyar* 'Collecteana' (1933) 
* *Tatsuniyar* 'Mayu da Aljanu na Lincolnshire' (1934) 
* *Tatsuniyar* 'Baƙin Kare' (1938) 
* *Tatsuniyar* 'Will O'the Wisp' (1938) 
* *Tatsuniyar* 'Willoughton, Lincolnshire' (1939) 
* 'Al'adun Lincolnshire, musamman yankunan da ke ƙasa da Lindsey' *Al'adun* Lindsey (1955) 
* 'Masana'antar Gishiri ta Tsakiya a Lindsey Marshland' *Rahoton da Takardu na Ƙungiyar Gine-gine da Kayayyakin Tarihi ta Lincolnshire* (1960) 

## Liyafar maraba
Da farko littafin Rudkin mai suna *Lincolnshire Folklore* bai shahara ba, amma bayan lokaci ya zama abin godiya; lokacin da EP Publishing ta sake buga shi a shekarar 1976, ya yi tsada nan take.  A shekarar 1984 aka buga *A Prospect of Lincolnshire* .  Wannan *Festschrift*, wanda ya girmama sha'awar Rudkin da kuma iliminsa, Naomi Field da Andrew White ne suka gyara shi. 

A shekarar 1938, Rudkin ta buga abin da ya zama babban takarda kan tatsuniyar Baƙar Kare a Lincolnshire kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin mafi cika a kowane yanki na Ingila, gami da waƙoƙi, gani da tatsuniyoyi.  A shekarar 1958, mai ba da labarin tatsuniyoyi Theo Brown tana magana ne game da "shahararren labarin" na Rudkin a cikin bincikenta.  Wani fanni mai ban sha'awa ga masu ba da labarin tatsuniyoyi a yau shine cewa Rudkin ba wai kawai ta rubuta bahaya mai ban tsoro na kare ba, har ma da lokutan da mutane suka ba da rahoton cewa kare yana kare su daga wasu alamu.  Rudkin ta yi iƙirarin cewa an kalli wannan lamari a cikin haske mai kyau a Lincolnshire fiye da sauran gundumomi.  Ta kuma rubuta misalan 'kare baƙi' da al'ummomin yankin suka sanya wa suna kuma suka san su.  A gaskiya ma, ita ce ta farko da ta yi bincike a fannin lissafi wajen rarraba ganin 'kare baƙi'. 

Nazarin ilimi na jerin Harry Potter ya kuma dogara ne akan aikin Rudkin akan ƙirar Black Dog.

An ambaci binciken Rudkin a cikin takardu daban-daban na bincike, ciki har da: akan Mutumin Kore ;  tarihin yanayin ƙasa a matsayin al'ada;  da alamun mutuwa. 

## Gado

Takardu da bayanan Rudkin suna ƙarƙashin Lincolnshire Archives, kuma sun haɗa da littattafan tarihinta na kayan tarihi, bayanan da ke kan tarin kayan tarihinta, hotuna, littattafan tarihi da wasiƙu.  Gidajen tarihi a Gidan Tarihi na North Lincolnshire sun ƙunshi kayan tarihi da na tarihi da ta tattara, waɗanda suka haɗa da: gatari na Neolithic jade daga Wroot ; ƙwallon mayu ; da doki mai sha'awa daga ƙungiyar jag na garma.  Sun kuma haɗa da duwatsu hamsin da biyar na garma daga yankin Scunthorpe.  Wani bulala mai kama da gad mallakar Rudkin yana cikin tarin Caistor Heritage Trust.  Yawancin manyan abubuwan da Rudkin ya tattara suna cikin Gidan Tarihi na Lincolnshire Life, wanda mai kula da Brian Loughborough ya fara siyan su a 1966. 

## Manazarta