Dangantakar kasashen waje ta Singapore

**Singapore** na ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe kalilan a duniya da suka ci gaba da hulɗar diflomasiyya da ƙasashe 190 na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, ban da Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya da Sudan ta Kudu.

Singapore tana goyon bayan ra'ayin yankin kudu maso gabashin Asiya kuma tana taka rawa sosai a cikin Ƙungiyar Kasashen Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya (ASEAN), wacce memba ce ta farko.

Kasancewarta muhimmiyar memba a ASEAN kuma cibiyar duniya, Singapore tana da kyakkyawar alaƙa da ƙasashe da yawa a duniya, kuma tana ƙunshe da gina abota da fa'idodin juna a cikin manufofinta na ƙasashen waje. Ƙasar tana aiki kafada da kafada da ƙasashen maƙwabta da na yanki, musamman a Asiya-Pacific, kuma tana ci gaba da tallafawa shirye-shiryen ƙasa da ƙasa don kiyaye zaman lafiya, tsaro da tsari. Tana cikin ƙungiyar da ba ta da haɗin kai kuma tana ɗaukar matsayi mai daidaito game da manyan ƙalubalen iko.     Saboda matsayinta, Singapore ita ce hedikwatar Sakatariyar Haɗin Kan Tattalin Arzikin Asiya-Pacific (APEC), Sakatariyar Majalisar Haɗin Kan Tattalin Arzikin Pacific (PECC), kuma ita ce birnin da ke karɓar bakuncin tarurruka da taruka na ƙasa da ƙasa da yawa. Singapore kuma memba ce ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Ƙungiyar Ciniki ta Duniya, Babban Taron Gabashin Asiya, Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen da ba ta da haɗin kai, Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya kuma memba ce da ta kafa Forum on Small States (FOSS).

Saboda dalilai na ƙasa, dangantaka da Malaysia da Indonesia ita ce mafi mahimmanci. Abubuwan tarihi, ciki har da rabuwar kai da Malaysia, da kuma Konfrontasi da Indonesia, sun haifar da wani irin tunanin kamewa.   Singapore tana da kyakkyawar alaƙa da Burtaniya wacce ke da alaƙa da Tsarin Tsaron Wutar Lantarki Biyar (FPDA) tare da Malaysia, Ostiraliya da New Zealand . Singapore kuma tana da kyakkyawar alaƙar tsaro da Amurka yayin da take ci gaba da kyakkyawar alaƙa da China .  Bugu da ƙari, tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe kaɗan da suka ƙulla dangantaka da Koriya ta Arewa da Amurka. 

## Manyan jigogi na manufofin ƙasashen waje tun daga shekarar 1965
Manyan jigogi na manufofin harkokin waje na Singapore:  

* Shekarun Gina Ƙasa (1965-1970s): A farkon shekarun bayan samun 'yancin kai, Singapore ta fuskanci ƙalubale da dama, ciki har da buƙatar tabbatar da ikonta da kuma tabbatar da wanzuwarta. Manufarta ta ƙasashen waje ta mayar da hankali kan neman amincewa da kuma gina dangantakar diflomasiyya da sauran ƙasashe. Singapore ta bi manufar rashin daidaito kuma ta nemi kafa kanta a matsayin abokiyar hulɗa mai aminci a cikin al'ummar duniya.

* Ci Gaban Tattalin Arziki da Ciniki (1970-1980s): A shekarun 1970, Singapore ta fara ba da fifiko ga ci gaban tattalin arziki da cinikayya a matsayin ginshiƙai na manufofinta na ƙasashen waje. Gwamnati ta aiwatar da manufofin tallafawa kasuwanci, ta jawo hankalin masu zuba jari na ƙasashen waje, kuma ta himmatu wajen aiwatar da yarjejeniyoyin kasuwanci da ƙasashe daban-daban. Singapore ta kuma shiga ƙungiyoyin yanki kamar ASEAN a shekarar 1967 don haɓaka haɗin gwiwar tattalin arziki da haɓaka zaman lafiya a Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya.

* Tsaron Yanki da ASEAN (1980-1990s): Yayin da Singapore ke bunƙasa a fannin tattalin arziki, ta fara damuwa da tsaron yanki. Ta taka rawa sosai wajen inganta zaman lafiyar yanki ta hanyar shirye-shirye kamar Shirye-shiryen Tsaron Wutar Lantarki Biyar (FPDA) da Yankin Zaman Lafiya, 'Yanci, da Tsaka-tsaki (ZOPFAN). Singapore ta goyi bayan kafa Taron Yankin ASEAN (ARF) a shekarar 1994, wanda ke da nufin haɓaka haɗin gwiwa da tattaunawa tsakanin ASEAN da abokan hulɗarta.

* Diflomasiyya Mai Aiki da Hulɗar Bangare Biyu (1990-2000s): Manufar harkokin wajen Singapore a wannan lokacin ta jaddada diflomasiyya mai aiki da kuma gina dangantaka mai ƙarfi tsakanin ƙasashen biyu da manyan ƙasashe. Ta yi ƙoƙarin faɗaɗa haɗin gwiwarta da kuma yin hulɗa da ƙasashe kamar Amurka, China, da Indiya don haɓaka alaƙar tattalin arziki, jawo hankalin masu zuba jari, da kuma haɓaka zaman lafiya a yankin. Singapore ta kuma ɗauki nauyin wasu manyan taruka da taruka na ƙasashen duniya don ƙarfafa matsayinta na diflomasiyya.

* Haɗakar Tattalin Arziki da Cinikin 'Yanci (2000-Yanzu): A cikin shekarun 2000, Singapore ta ci gaba da ba da fifiko ga haɗin gwiwar tattalin arziki da cinikayya kyauta. Ta ci gaba da bin yarjejeniyar cinikayya kyauta tsakanin ƙasashen biyu da na yanki (FTAs) don faɗaɗa damar shiga kasuwa da haɓaka ci gaban tattalin arziki. Yarjejeniyoyi masu mahimmanci sun haɗa da Yarjejeniyar Ciniki Kyauta ta Singapore-Amurka (2003), Yarjejeniyar Haɗin gwiwar Tattalin Arziki Mai Cike da Ci gaba da Indiya (2005), da kuma shiga cikin Yarjejeniyar Cike da Ci gaba don Haɗin gwiwar Trans-Pacific (CPTPP).

* Hulɗar Duniya da Ƙasashen Duniya: Singapore ta ƙara shiga harkokin duniya kuma ta shiga cikin manyan cibiyoyi a fannoni daban-daban. Ta yi ƙoƙarin tsara ƙa'idodin duniya da kuma ba da gudummawa ga batutuwa kamar sauyin yanayi, ci gaba mai ɗorewa, da tsaron yanar gizo. Singapore ta taka rawa sosai a cikin ƙungiyoyi kamar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (MDD), Ƙungiyar Ciniki ta Duniya (WTO), da ASEAN don ciyar da muradunta gaba da kuma ba da gudummawa ga haɗin gwiwar ƙasa da ƙasa.

## Hanyoyin manufofin ƙasashen waje
Shugabannin Singapore masu ra'ayin gaskiya ne; suna ganin duniyar Hobbesian inda za ta iya yin daidai.  Duk da haka, akwai wasu launuka na sassaucin ra'ayi da tunanin mai ginawa a cikin manufofinta na ƙasashen waje kamar yadda aka tabbatar ta hanyar imani da cewa dogaro da juna a fannin tattalin arziki zai rage damar rikici kuma Singapore ba za ta iya zama mai kisan kai a matsayin ƙaramar ƙasa ba.  Tunanin mamayewa da aka samu sakamakonsa ya samo asali ne saboda raunin yanayin Singapore, rashin amincewa da Malaysia da Indonesia saboda kayan tarihi, da kuma yadda ta fito a matsayin "ƙaramin ja a cikin teku mai kore", kamar yadda Shugaba Habibie na Indonesia na wancan lokacin ya faɗa.  

Ministan harkokin waje na farko na Singapore shine S. Rajaratnam, kuma manufofin harkokin waje na ƙasar har yanzu suna ɗauke da laifinsa. Rajaratnam ya fara tsara manufofin harkokin waje na Singapore, yana la'akari da "dajin siyasar ƙasa da ƙasa", kuma yana taka tsantsan da manufofin ƙasashen waje "bisa ga maƙiya na dindindin."  A shekarar 1966, S. Rajaratnam ya ga ƙalubalen Singapore a matsayin tabbatar da dorewar rayuwa, zaman lafiya, da wadata a yankin da ke fama da kishin juna, tashin hankali na cikin gida, wargajewar tattalin arziki da kuma manyan rikice-rikicen iko. 

Bisa ga wannan ra'ayi na duniya, manufofin harkokin waje na Singapore na da nufin ci gaba da hulɗa da dukkan ƙasashe, musamman Malaysia, Indonesia, da ASEAN, da kuma tabbatar da cewa ayyukanta ba su ƙara ta'azzara rashin tsaron maƙwabtanta ba.  A shekarar 1972, Rajaratnam ta yi hasashen cewa duniya za ta kasance a cikin yankin Singapore - haɗa kai cikin tattalin arzikin duniya zai rage rashin albarkatun ƙasa na Singapore. Don haka, Rajaratnam ta yi imanin cewa kiyaye daidaiton iko, maimakon zama ƙasƙantaccen shugaban wani babban iko, zai samar wa Singapore 'yancin bin manufofin ƙasashen waje masu zaman kansu. Gina sha'awar manyan ƙasashe a Singapore kuma zai yi aiki yadda ya kamata don hana tsoma bakin ƙasashen yankin.  

## Yarjejeniyar Ciniki

## Ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa

### APEC
Haɗin gwiwar tattalin arziki na Asiya da Pacific (APEC) yana Singapore, wanda Singapore memba ce ta farko a cikinsa.  Singapore ta daɗe tana fahimtar muhimmancin APEC a matsayin muhimmin dandamali don haɓaka alaƙar tattalin arziki da fa'idodinta na ƙarfafa zaman lafiya da tsaro a yankin tsakanin tattalin arzikin membobi. Singapore ta amince da ƙoƙarin APEC a cikin haɗakar tattalin arziki na yanki da kuma manufofinta na rashin ciniki na ci gaban albarkatun ɗan adam, shirye-shiryen gaggawa da lafiya.  Tun daga lokacin Singapore ta karɓi baƙuncin taron APEC a shekarar 2009. 

### INTERPOL
Ƙungiyar 'Yan Sanda Masu Laifuka ta Duniya (INTERPOL) ta buɗe Cibiyar Bincike ta Duniya (Global Complex for Innovation), ko IGCI, a Singapore a shekarar 2015. Ya zuwa shekarar 2016, IGCI tana da Cibiyar Kula da Ayyuka da Umarni ta Duniya, Cibiyar Gina Ƙarfin Aiki da Horarwa ta Ƙungiyar, Cibiyar Bincike ta Intanet da Cibiyar Bincike ta Intanet, da kuma Hukumar Kula da Laifukan Intanet, wadda ta haɗa da Cibiyar Haɗa Intanet ta Ginin. Haka kuma ana amfani da ginin don manyan ayyuka da ayyuka masu tasiri a duniya, horar da jami'an tsaro da tarurruka daban-daban tare da haɗin gwiwa a yankin ASEAN .

### G20
Singapore, duk da cewa ba memba ce ta G20 ba, an gayyaci ta don shiga taron kolin G20 da kuma ayyukan da suka shafi hakan a shekarun 2010, 2011 da kuma daga 2013 zuwa 2017 a matsayin wakiliyar Kungiyar Gudanar da Mulki ta Duniya.  A watan Fabrairun 2017, Ministar Harkokin Waje Dr Vivian Balakrishnan ta halarci taron ministocin harkokin waje na G20 a Bonn. 

## Manazarta