Majalisar Ghana

**Majalisar Ghana** ita ce majalisar dokoki ta gwamnatin Ghana.

## Tarihi
Wakilcin doka a Ghana ya fara ne daga 1850, lokacin da ƙasar ta kasance ƙarƙashin mulkin mallaka na Biritaniya da ake kira Gold Coast. Kungiyar, wacce ake kira Majalisar Dokoki, ta kasance mai ba da shawara ne kawai yayin da Gwamna ke amfani da dukkan ikon doka da na zartarwa. An gabatar da gyare -gyare a cikin 1916 da 1925, kodayake ikon gwamna ya kasance mai yawa. A cikin 1946, an gabatar da wani sabon tsarin mulki wanda ya ba da izinin memba na Majalisar Dokoki ya zama shugabanta yayin da gwamna ya daina zama tsohon shugaban hukumar. Wannan tsarin ya ci gaba har zuwa 1951 lokacin da Majalisar Dokokin ta zaɓi Kakakinta na farko - Sir Emmanuel Charles Quist.

1951 kuma ita ce shekarar farko da aka gudanar da zaɓe bisa ƙimar duniya baki ɗaya. Jam'iyyar Convention People's Party (CPP), wacce aka kafa a 1949 kuma Kwame Nkrumah ke jagoranta, ta lashe zaben. Wata jam’iyya, United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC) karkashin jagorancin J.B. Danquah, ba ta yi kyau ba, kuma an watse ba da jimawa ba. Nkrumah, wanda aka daure a farkon 1950 saboda taɓarɓarewa, an sake shi kuma an nada shi Shugaban Kasuwancin Gwamnati, ya zama Firayim Minista na farko a shekara mai zuwa.

Zaben Majalisar Dokoki da aka gudanar a 1954 ya haifar da wani nasarar CPP, inda jam'iyyar ta lashe 71 daga cikin kujeru 104. Hakanan ta ci kujeru 71 cikin kujeru 104 a zaben Majalisar Dokoki ta 1956. An sake sunan yankin Gold Coast zuwa Ghana kuma ya sami 'yancin kai a ranar 6 ga Maris 1957, yayin da ya ci gaba da rike da masarautar Burtaniya a matsayin shugaban kasa. An sauya Majalisar Dokoki zuwa Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa.

Bayan amincewa da sabon tsarin mulkin Jamhuriya, Ghana a hukumance ta zama jamhuriya a ranar 1 ga Yuli 1960 tare da Kwame Nkrumah a matsayin Shugabanta. An dauki wannan kudirin a matsayin sabon umarni daga mutane kuma an kara wa'adin mambobin Majalisar Dokoki na wasu shekaru biyar. An bullo da wata jam’iyya daya bayan zaben raba gardama a shekarar 1964. Sakamakon haka, ‘yan takarar CPP ne kawai suka tsaya a zaben Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa da aka gudanar a shekarar 1965. Sojoji ne suka hambarar da Nkrumah a shekarar 1966, wanda ya haramta jam’iyyun siyasa tare da rusa majalisar dokokin kasar.

Kasar ta koma mulkin farar hula a shekarar 1969. Zaben da aka gudanar a ranar 29 ga watan Agusta ya haifar da nasara ga Jam'iyyar Progress Party (PP) ta Kofi Abrefa Busia, wacce ta lashe kujeru 105 daga cikin kujerun majalisar 140. Ya fara aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista a ranar 3 ga Satumba 1969. An kifar da gwamnatinsa a juyin mulkin soja na 1972.

A lokacin Jamhuriya ta Uku, wacce ta kasance daga 1979 zuwa 1981, babbar jam’iyya a Majalisar Tarayya ita ce People's National Party (PNP), karkashin jagorancin Hilla Limann, wanda ya lashe kujeru 71 cikin 104 a zaɓen da aka gudanar ranar 18 ga Yuni 1979. Bayan sojoji sun shiga tsakani a shekarar 1981, an rushe dukkan zababbun cibiyoyi kuma an haramta ayyukan jam’iyyun siyasa.

## Majalisar Jamhuriya ta Hudu
Bayan shekaru 11 na mulkin soja, an amince da sabon kundin tsarin mulki a zaben raba gardama na 1992. An gudanar da zaben shugaban kasa a watan Nuwamba kuma Jerry Rawlings, jagoran juyin mulkin 1981 da kuma shugaban soji na baya ya lashe su. 'Yan adawa sun kalubalanci sakamakon tare da kauracewa zaben' yan majalisar dokoki na watan Disamba. Sakamakon haka, Rawlings 'National Democratic Congress (NDC) ya lashe kujeru 189 cikin 200 na majalisar.

Duk jam’iyyu sun halarci zaɓen ‘yan majalisa na 1996. NDC ta lashe kujeru 133 daga cikin kujeru 200, yayin da babbar jam'iyyar adawa ta New Patriotic Party (NPP) ta lashe 60. Kananan jam'iyyu biyu ne suka lashe sauran kujerun.

Zaben 2000 ya kasance mai mahimmancin gaske saboda a tsarin mulki an hana Shugaba Rawlings neman wani wa'adin. A zaben shugaban kasa, John Kufuor na NPP ya doke dan takarar NDC John Atta Mills a zaben fitar da gwani. A cikin majalisar mai kujeru 200, NPP ta lashe 100, sai NDC ta samu 92. Ƙananan jam’iyyun siyasa da masu cin gashin kansu sun lashe sauran kujerun.

An sake zaben Kufuor a 2004 kuma New Patriotic Party (NPP) ta lashe kujeru 128 cikin 230 a zaben 'yan majalisar na lokaci daya. Babbar jam'iyyar adawa ta National Democratic Congress (NDC) ta lashe 94, yayin da wasu jam'iyyu biyu - The People's National Convention (PNC) da Convention People's Party (CPP) - suka lashe kujeru 4 da 3 bi da bi. Wani Independent ya kwace ragowar kujerar.

Ana amfani da mafi ƙarancin rinjaye (ko Farko da Post) tsarin jefa ƙuri'a a zaɓen majalisar dokokin Ghana. Tun daga 2012, an raba ƙasar zuwa mazabu guda 275. Membobi suna yin wa'adin shekaru huɗu.

### Tsarin jagoranci

* **Kakakin Majalisa** - Shugaban Majalisa yana jagorantar Majalisa kuma yana aiwatar da kiyaye duk ƙa'idodin da ke gudanar da ayyukanta. Bayan babban zabe jam’iyya mai rinjaye a majalisar, tare da tuntubar sauran jam’iyyu, ta zabi Kakakin Majalisar.

Kakakin majalisar ba zai iya zama dan majalisa ba duk da cewa dole ne ya mallaki cancantar tsayawa takara a matsayin dan majalisa, irin wannan mutumin da aka nada a matsayin kakakin majalisa dole ne ya yi murabus ya ayyana kujerar da ke cikin majalisar a matsayin babu kowa. Mataimakin Kakakin Majalisa biyu (Mataimakan Shugaban Kasa na Farko da Na Biyu) ne ke taimaka wa Kakakin, wanda aka zaba a farkon kowace Majalisa. Dole ne su fito daga jam’iyyun siyasa daban -daban. Mai magana yanzu shine Alban Kingsford Sumani Bagbin. 

* **Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisa na farko** - Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisa na farko shi ne ke jagorantar zaman majalisar a duk lokacin da Shugaban Majalisa ba ya nan. Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar na yanzu shine Joseph Osei Owusu na New Patriotic Party (NPP).
* **Mataimakin Kakakin Majalisa na Biyu** - Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar na biyu shi ne ke jagorantar zaman majalisar idan babu Shugaban Majalisar da Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar. Mataimakin kakakin majalisar na biyu na yanzu shine Andrew Amoako Asiamah dan takara mai zaman kansa.
* **Jagoran Masu Rinjaye** - Jagoran Masu rinjaye an zabe shi ne daga jam'iyyar da mafi yawan kujerun majalisar. Mataimakin shugaban masu rinjaye da shugaban masu rinjaye na bulala suna taimaka masa, wanda ke zama shugaban masu rinjaye na majalisar. Shugaban masu rinjaye na yanzu shine Osei Kyei-Mensah Bonsu na NPP.
* **Jagoran marasa rinjaye** - An zaɓi shugaban marasa rinjaye daga jam'iyya ta biyu mafi girma a majalisar. Mataimakin shugaban marasa rinjaye da babban bulala suna taimaka masa, wanda ke zama shugaban marasa rinjaye na majalisar. Shugaban marasa rinjaye na yanzu shine Haruna Iddrisu na NDC.

### Zaben 2008

### Haɗin Majalisa bayan sabon zaɓen raba gardama na yankuna na Ghana na 2018

## Kwamitocin majalisar
Kamar a watan Nuwamba 2020, majalisar tana da kwamitoci na dindindin goma sha huɗu da Kwamitoci Zaɓi goma sha shida. Akwai kuma kwamitin adhoc daya.

**Kwamitocin Dindindin**:

Alƙawura • Kasuwanci • Kwamitin Zaɓi • Kuɗi • Jinsi da Yara

Tabbacin Gwamnati • Gida • Shari'a • Membobi Riƙe Ofisoshin Riba • Gata

Asusun Jama'a • Kasafin Kudi na Musamman • Dokokin Tsayuwa • Dokokin Ƙari

**Zaɓi Kwamitoci**:

Sadarwa • Tsarin Mulki, Shari'a da Majalisa • Tsaro da Ciki • Ilimi • Aiki, Jin Dadin Jama'a da Kamfanonin Jiha

Muhalli, Kimiyya da Fasaha • Abinci, Noma da Harkokin koko • Harkokin Ƙasashen waje • Kiwon lafiya • Ƙasa da Daji • Ƙaramar Hukumar da bunƙasa karkara.

Ma'adanai da Makamashi • Hanyoyi da Sufuri • Dokokin Tsaro • Kasuwanci, Masana'antu da yawon buɗe ido • Ayyuka da Gidaje • Matasa, Wasanni da Al'adu

**Kwamitin Ad-hoc**:

Kwamitin dabarun rage talauci

## Tsoffin Shuwagabannin Majalisar Tarayya/Majalisa

### Kogin Zinariya (1951 – 1957)
Kakakin Majalisar Dokoki, da Majalisar Kasa a 1957

### Jiha mai cin gashin kanta a tsakanin Commonwealth (1957 - 1960) / Jamhuriya ta farko (1960 - 1966)

Shugabannin majalisun dokokin kasa

### Jamhuriya ta Biyu (1969 - 1972)
Kakakin Majalisar Tarayya

### Jamhuriya ta Uku (1979 - 1981)
Kakakin Majalisar Tarayya

### Jamhuriya ta Hudu (1992- yanzu)
Shugabannin Majalisa

## Manazarta