Canjin Yanayi Ba komai bane: 'Yantar da Siyasa ta Yanayi daga Alarmism

Canjin Yanayi Ba komai ba ne: 'Yanci Siyasa ta Yanayi daga Alarmism littafi ne na Mike Hulme wanda aka buga a 2023 ta Polity Press .

## Bayani game da shi
Canjin Yanayi Ba komai ba ne: 'Yanci Siyasa ta Yanayi daga Alarmism  littafi ne na Mike Hulme, Farfesa na Yanayin Dan Adam a Jami'ar Cambridge, inda marubucin ya gabatar da masu karatu ga ma'anar kalmar / neologism 'climatism'. Dangane da wani bayani game da littafin da Ted Nordhaus na Cibiyar Breakthrough ya bayar, yanayin yanayi yana rage yanayin duniya zuwa makomar zafin jiki na duniya ko kuma yawan yanayin carbon dioxide, don cutar da magance manyan batutuwa kamar talauci, 'yanci, asarar halittu, rashin daidaito da diflomasiyyar kasa da kasa. Hulme ya lura cewa an yi amfani da kalmar a baya, kuma a bayyane yake a cikin Climatism, Science, Common Sense da 21st Century Hottest Topic, New Lenox Books 2010. Yayinda Goreham ke kalubalantar asalin ɗan adam na canjin yanayi, Hulme yana riƙe da akasin haka, shafi na 168.&nbsp;

## Hannun hannu
Marubucin ya buɗe littafin tare da tattaunawa game da yadda Yaƙin basasar Siriya, wanda ya fara a watan Maris na shekara ta 2011 bayan tashin hankali na farar hula bayan azabtar da jami'an tsaro na Shugaba Assad na matasa 'yan makaranta na Siriya, an zarge shi da canjin yanayi: bisa ga labarin, zubar da shekaru da yawa ya kori ma'aikatan gona zuwa garuruwa da birane, tare da rikice-rikice don rashin ayyukan da ke akwai.

Labarin ya sami goyon baya daga manyan mutane kamar Sakataren Gwamnatin Amurka John Kerry, Shugaba Barack Obama, Yarima Charles da manyan cibiyoyi kamar Bankin Duniya, Abokai na Duniya. A sakamakon haka, a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, shugaban Hukumar Tarayyar Turai Jean-Claude Juncker, shafi na 2 ya zargi yawan baƙi da suka tsere daga yakin basasa.&nbsp;

Hulme bai yarda da wannan labarin ba kuma yana jayayya cewa zargin yakin basasa a Siriya, karuwar maganganun ƙiyayya da tweets na wariyar launin fata a kan Twitter, ko lalacewar ambaliyar ruwa a kan yanayi shine jan hankali daga magance manyan abubuwan da suka haifar da su. shafi na 2.&nbsp;

A cewar wani bita  Hulme ya bayyana a fili cewa ya yi imanin cewa halayyar ɗan adam tana canza yanayin kuma ya kamata al'umma ta matsa zuwa ga fitar da iska.

Hulme ya kwatanta 'tsarin yanayi' da tsayin daka na launin fata a gabatar da hukunce-hukuncen da suka danganci darajar a matsayin kimiyya kuma yana ba da madadin da ya danganci abin da ya kira *pragmatism na yanayi*, a matsayin girke-girke wanda ke da hankali, daban-daban da kuma pragmatic (shafi na 11 na littafin Hulme). &nbsp;

Har yanzu don sake dubawa  marubucin - yana *rayuwa da tashin hankali tsakanin zargi da tausayi game da canjin yanayi* - yana sane da haɗarin aikinsa da masu musanta yanayi ke amfani da shi, kuma ya yarda da haɗarin yaƙi da abin da ya gani a matsayin haɗarin yanayin yanayi.

Kowane babi ya ƙare da wani sashi mai taken 'Retort' inda ake tattauna yiwuwar ƙin yarda, kuma wani sashi na 'Farin Karatu' a ƙarshen littafin yana ba da shawarwari da suka shafi kimiyyar yanayi, alaƙar da ke tsakanin ƙwarewa, siyasa da dimokuradiyya, ma'anoni daban-daban na canjin yanayi, ikon labaran, rage yanayi da damuwa game da yanayi.

Ga Hulme canjin yanayi ya zama ruwan tabarau wanda muke fahimta da magance kalubalen al'umma. Wannan ya sanya yanayi a matsayin labarin "mai gamsarwa" wanda zai iya bayyana matsalolin siyasa, zamantakewa da muhalli, da ɗabi'a.

Hulme ya keɓe wani babi don sake gina asalin yanayin yanayi a cikin "motsi" goma,  Daga cikin waɗannan, karɓar zafin jiki na duniya a matsayin "ƙididdigar da ba ta dace ba don kama cikakken kewayon dangantaka mai rikitarwa tsakanin yanayi da jin daɗin ɗan adam da amincin muhalli" (move 3) ya bayyana a matsayin mai dacewa musamman.

Ga Hulme motsi ya haifar da akidar climatism, yana yin canjin yanayi a cikin "leitmotif na siyasa ta zamani".

Wani babi na karshe mai taken "Idan ba Climatism ba, To Menene?" yana ba da girke-girke na Hulme, a ƙarƙashin tutar cewa "Matsalolin Mugunta suna buƙatar mafita mara kyau": waɗannan sun haɗa da rashin tabbas na kimiyya, kawar da ƙaddamarwa, da kuma amincewa da yawancin dabi'u da manufofi kamar yadda.

## Babi na surori
An ba da taƙaitaccen taƙaitacciyar littafin babi ta babi a cikin: 

# 'Daga Yanayi zuwa Yanayi', Yadda ake yin Ideology. Ya gabatar da yanayin yanayi a matsayin akidar.
# 'Yadda Yanayin Yanayi ya tashi", Fetishizing Global Temperature. Ya bayyana hauhawar yanayin yanayi a cikin "motsi" goma.
# 'Shin Kimiyya ne Climatist', The Noble Lie da Sauran Laifuka. Yana gabatar da amfani da rashin amfani da yanayin yanayi, tare da kulawa ta musamman ga Hanyar Maida hankali ta IPCC 8.5.
# 'Me ya sa Climatism Yana da ban sha'awa,' Master-Narratives da Polarizing Moralism. Babban sinadarin yanayin yanayi: yanayin yanayi a matsayin babban labari, ra'ayinsa na duniya na Manichean da maganganunsa na apocalyptic.
# 'Me ya sa yanayin yanayi yake da haɗari,' The Narrowing of Political Vision. Yana nuna mummunar tasirin matsa duk cututtukan duniya a ƙarƙashin taken guda, ba kamar faɗin burin ci gaba mai ɗorewa ba. Shari'ar sare daji a Indonesia ta hanyar manufofin man fetur na Tarayyar Turai.
# 'Idan ba Climatism ba, to, Menene,' Matsalolin Mugunta suna buƙatar Magani mara kyau. Yana ba da girke-girke don ci gaba: maye gurbin al'adun girman kai tare da tawali'u, dakatar da gabatar da makomar dangane da gefen dutse ko maki marasa dawowa, rungumi dabi'u da ra'ayoyi da yawa, gami da shafin-, al'adu- da mahallin-da-mahimmanci.
# 'Wasu ƙin yarda,' *Kuna sauti kamar...*. Yana tsammanin ƙin yarda da matsayin da aka bayyana a cikin littafin.

## Karɓar baƙi
Karɓar littafin ya bambanta. Ga Teresa de León: Hulme yana da cancantar nuna yadda gamuwa da zamantakewa da yanayi ya ragu ta hanyar bambancin mallaka da masu ceto na Duniya, wanda ya haifar da tunani na ɗabi'a game da abin da ya fi dacewa da zamantakewa ga yanayi da abin da ba shi da mahimmanci. Ga Volker Hahn, rubuce-rubuce a cikin shafin yanar gizon  na Roger Pielke Jr.: Littafin Hulme bazai ba da sabon haske ko mai ban mamaki ba. Amma taƙaitaccen bayani ne game da yanayin yanayi na yanzu kuma yana nuna inda abubuwa ke tafiya ba daidai ba. 

 Ga Nicholas Clairmont  rubuce-rubuce a cikin The New Atlantis:Littafin magani ne na maraba don maganganun yanayi da ke fama da kimiyya, tsarin antidemocratic wanda "maganganun kimiyya suka maye gurbin - ko aƙalla ya zama gajeren hannu - don tunani na ɗabi'a ko siyasa da jayayya".Yana da wahala a yanke shawarar ko sabon littafin Mike Hulme shine: (a) gargadi mai kyau ga masu ba da shawara game da aikin yanayi, (b) lamari ne na wuce gona da iri game da wannan, ko (c) kuma duk da zanga-zangar akasin haka, kyauta ga masu musanta yanayi. Littafin yana da abubuwa na duka uku, amma na furta mahimmancin Hulme, cewa 'yanayin yanayi' ya fito ne a matsayin 'ideology' na fasaha, mai yaduwa da apocalyptic wanda ke bayyana duk matsalolin duniya da da'awar fifiko a cikin manufofi, ya buge ni galibi a matsayin lamari na wuce gona da iri.

## Manazarta