Zubar da shara a New Zealand

Litter batu ne na duniya kuma yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci na ɗan adam akan muhalli. Yana da haɗari musamman saboda yana iya shiga cikin yanayin halitta kuma yana cutar da halittun ƙasa. Litter shine babban batun muhalli a New Zealand.

An san 'yan New Zealand da yin alfahari da hoton 'kore mai tsafta'. Wani bincike na kasa da aka gudanar a watan Disamba na 2017 ya nuna cewa kashi 99% na masu amsa sun yi la'akari da kiyaye hoton 'koren kore' na New Zealand yana da mahimmanci. Don waɗannan dalilai ana ɗaukar rigakafin sharar gida a matsayin mahimmancin ƙasa. Yayin da ake ɗaukar New Zealand ƙasa mai kula da muhalli, tana ci gaba da fuskantar al'amurran da suka shafi sharar gida. An rubuta abubuwan robobi a matsayin abin da ya fi zubar da ciki a kasar. Tushen taba sigari da jakunkuna na robobi wasu abubuwa ne da aka fi zubar da jini a duniya don haka kuma suna yaduwa a namun daji na New Zealand. Sharar robobi wani nau'i ne mai cutarwa musamman na sharar gida yayin da yake barazana ga muhallin New Zealand da namun daji da ke zaune a ciki. Sakamakon zubar da shara, nau'in da ke cikin hadari a New Zealand na cikin hadarin bacewa. Binciken da aka yi a kasar ya nuna cewa kashi 80% na sharar da ake samu a magudanan ruwa na kasar sun samo asali ne daga kasa. Sharar robobi na musamman na barazana ga namun daji saboda yana gurbata ruwa don haka yana haifar da hatsarin lafiya ga namun daji da na teku.

The Keep New Zealand Beautiful kungiyar da aka kafa a 1967. 1979 Litter Act kafa kungiyar a matsayin kasa jiki da alhakin inganta sharar gida iko a New Zealand. Tun 2018, Keep New Zealand Beautiful ya fitar da rahotanni na ƙasa game da batun sharar gida a yankunan New Zealand. An fitar da Nazarin Halayen Litter na ƙasa a cikin 2018 kuma an fitar da Binciken Litter Audit a cikin 2019. Waɗannan rahotanni sun ba da amsa ga sharar gida a New Zealand. Matakan manufofin rage sharar gida sun hada da tara tara da wani shiri na kasa don rage robobi. Ƙarin dabaru don rage zuriyar dabbobi sun haɗa da shirye-shiryen ilimi da yaƙin neman zaɓe, yawancin waɗanda aka haɓaka ta Keep New Zealand Beautiful 

## Tasirin muhalli na zubar da shara
An san 'yan New Zealand da yin alfahari da hoton su na' yan itace. Duk da yake ana daukar shi a matsayin kasar da ke kula da muhalli, datti ya kasance batun ci gaba. Bayan binciken da aka fitar a cikin 2019 National Litter Audit, shugaban zartarwa na kungiyar Keep New Zealand Beautiful, Heather Saunderson, ya bayyana cewa datti ya kasance babban batun muhalli a New Zealand. Rashin ruwa yana da haɗari musamman saboda yana iya shiga tsarin halittu kuma ya cutar da Bambancin halittu na New Zealand.

### Rashin ruwa a cikin hanyoyin ruwa da teku
Binciken Kasuwanci na Kasa na 2019 ya bayyana cewa kashi 80% na datti da aka samu a cikin hanyoyin ruwa na ƙasar sun samo asali ne daga ƙasar. Mafi yawan gurɓata muhalli da aka samo a cikin hanyoyin ruwa da rayuwar ruwa shine filastik. zubar da shara da gangan da zubar da ruwa ba bisa ka'ida ba suna daga cikin manyan masu ba da gudummawa ga Sharar filastik a New Zealand. Ta hanyar saka idanu kan sharar rairayin bakin teku, rahoton muhalli na 2019 wanda kungiyar agaji ta New Zealand ta gudanar da kuma goyon bayan Ma'aikatar Muhalli da Kididdiga ta New Zealand New Zealand ta gano gurɓataccen filastik ya zama mafi yawan nau'in sharar a kan rairayin rairayin kan New Zealand. Rahoton yanayin ruwanmu na 2019 ya nuna kashi 61% na datti a kan rairayin bakin teku don zama kayan filastik kuma kashi 11% na datti na filastik da aka samu a kan raƙuman bakin teku na kasar sun fito ne daga sigari. Abu na biyu da aka fi sani da shi shine gilashi ko yumbu. Wadannan sun kasance kashi 21.7% na duk abubuwan da aka tattara. : 30 Rahoton ya bayyana cewa tasirin filastik mai amfani guda ɗaya yana haifar da babbar barazana ga rayuwar ruwa ta ƙasar.

### Tasirin filastik a kan namun daji

Kimanin kashi 30% na bambancin halittu na New Zealand suna zaune a cikin teku. : 7 Daga cikin wadannan 90% na tsuntsayen teku, 80% na tsuntsaye na bakin teku da 22% na Dabbobi masu shayarwa suna fuskantar barazanar zama masu banƙyama. : 7 Bugu da ƙari, kusan rabin whales, dolphins da porpoises na duniya an rubuta su a cikin ruwan New Zealand. Rashin gurɓata filastik yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu ba da gudummawa ga barazanar halaka. Microplastics waɗanda ke ƙasa da 5 millimeters a tsawon su ne masu gurɓataccen haɗari saboda rayukan ruwa suna da sauƙin cinyewa. Ga dabbobi a ƙasa da ruwa, cin filastik yana rage abincin da suke cinyewa na abubuwan gina jiki, zirga-zirgar hanyoyin narkewar su, kuma yana shafar halayyar haihuwa. Abubuwan filastik kuma suna da sauƙin shan guba wanda, lokacin da manyan dabbobi kamar dabbobi masu shayarwa suka ci su, na iya haifar da mutuwa. Toxins da filastik ke shawo kansu cikin sauƙi sun haɗa da gurɓataccen kwayoyin halitta da ƙarfe mai nauyi. Bugu da kari, an riga an ƙera filastik tare da sunadarai masu cutarwa. Saboda wadannan dalilai filastik sharar yana gurɓata ruwa kuma yana haifar da babbar haɗarin lafiya ga namun daji.

An bayar da rahoton filastik a cikin kifi, tsuntsayen teku, da kifi. Saboda suna kama da abinci kuma suna ko'ina a cikin muhalli saboda batutuwan kamar zubar da shara, dabbobi suna cinye microplastics cikin sauƙi. Yawaitar tarkacen robobi na nufin cewa dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa suna cikin haɗarin shiga tarko ko kuma su ji rauni ta hanyar tuƙi. Hakanan suna cikin haɗarin shan tarkacen filastik. Ma'aikatar kiyayewa ta New Zealand ta ba da rahoton cewa dolphins na Māui, wani nau'in nau'in dabbar dolphin na Hector, suna cikin haɗarin mutuwa daga sharar ruwa. Dolphins na Māui suna da yawa a Tsibirin Arewa na New Zealand inda aka san su da mamaye tashar jiragen ruwa inda kasuwancin kasuwanci da masu kamun kifi suke.

Binciken da Royal Society na New Zealand ta gudanar ya nuna cewa tsuntsayen teku na kasar suna cikin haɗarin cin filastik tare da binciken farko na cin filastic tun daga shekara ta 1958.  Kashi ɗaya bisa uku na dukkan nau'ikan tsuntsayen teku suna zaune a New Zealand. Har ila yau, ƙasar ita ce babbar wurin kiwo ga mafi yawan nau'in tsuntsayen teku a duniya. Saboda wadannan dalilai, an bayyana New Zealand a matsayin "babban birnin tsuntsayen teku na duniya".  86 daga cikin nau'ikan tsuntsayen teku 360 na duniya da ke haifuwa a New Zealand, 37 suna cikin New Zealand, ma'ana ba su haifuwa ko'ina a duniya ba. Yaduwar gurɓata filastik a bakin tekun New Zealand yana nufin tsuntsayen teku suna ƙara haɗarin cin filastik. Wani rahoto na 2019 game da *Filastik da muhalli* ya bayyana cewa New Zealand ita ce: 

Forest and Bird, wata kungiya mai kiyayewa mai zaman kanta, ta yi gargadin cewa tsuntsaye kamar shearwaters da albatross ba za su iya rarrabe filastik mai iyo daga kifi ba. Cin filastik da aka gani a cikin tsuntsayen teku na New Zealand tun farkon binciken da aka rubuta a 1958 yana nufin gurɓata filastik yana daya daga cikin manyan dalilan da ya sa 90% na tsuntsayen ruwa na kasar suna cikin haɗarin halaka. Saboda New Zealand gida ce kuma tana karbar bakuncin irin wannan yawan tsuntsayen teku, haɗarin halaka da filastik ya haifar ana ɗaukarsa mafi muni a New Zealand fiye da ko'ina a duniya.

### Tasirin kwayoyin halitta akan rayuwar tsuntsaye

Tasirin muhalli na datti a ƙasa yana haifar da babbar haɗari ga namun daji. Cire sharar gida kamar peels na ayaba ko sandwiches kuma wani nau'i ne na zubar da shara wanda ke barazana ga tsuntsaye na asali. Ma'aikatar Karewa ta bayyana cewa tsuntsaye kamar kea, wani tsuntsu mai haɗari a cikin ƙasa, an san su da halittu masu ban sha'awa da wasa. Keas na iya neman abinci a yankunan da mutane ke zaune. A cikin waɗannan yankuna, ana sanya su cikin haɗari ga cin abincin ɗan adam. Ma'aikatar Karewa ta ba da shawarar cewa kayan abinci na ɗan adam ba su da lafiya ga tsarin narkewar kea kuma su rage abincin su na ɗan lokaci. A sakamakon haka, keas na iya zama mai lalacewa tare da kayan mutum da ke kewaye. Don kare muhalli na New Zealand da nau'ikan 'yan asalin da ke zaune a ciki, ana buƙatar baƙi zuwa ƙasar kiyayewa su ɗauki shararsu tare da su har sai sun iya zubar da shi da alhakin a cikin kwanon rufi mai dacewa.

## Shari'a

### Dokar Ruwa ta 1979

Ma'aikatar Muhalli ce ke gudanar da Dokar Litter 1979. Dokar ta ayyana zubar da shara a matsayin ajiye shara da gangan ko kuma ba da gangan ba. Ya bayyana zuriyar dabbobi da ya haɗa da "duk wani sharar gida, datti, ragowar dabba, gilashi, ƙarfe, datti, tarkace, datti, ƙazanta, tarkace, tarkace, duwatsu, ƙasa, ko sharar gida, ko wani abu mai kama da yanayi."  Dokar ta kafa Kyawun New Zealand a matsayin ƙungiyar da ke da alhakin haɓaka sarrafa shara a cikin New Zealand. 

## Manazarta