Cutar zuciya

**Cutar zuciya** (**CVD**) rukunin cututtuka ne waɗanda kuma suka shafi zuciya ko tasoshin jini. CVD ya haɗa da cututtuka na jijiyoyin jini (CAD) irin su angina da infarction na zuciya (wanda aka fi sani da ciwon zuciya). Sauran CVDs sun haɗa da bugun jini, raunin zuciya, cututtukan zuciya na hauhawar jini, *cututtukan zuciya* na rheumatic, cardiomyopathy, rhythms na zuciya mara kyau, cututtukan zuciya na haihuwa, cututtukan zuciya na valvular, carditis, aortic aneurysms, cututtukan jijiyoyin gefe, cututtukan thromboembolic, da thrombosis na venous.

Hanyoyin da ke ciki sun bambanta dangane da cutar. Cutar na jijiyoyin jini, bugun jini, da cututtukan jijiyoyin jini sun haɗa da atherosclerosis. Ana kuma iya haifar da haka ta hanyar hawan jini, shan taba, ciwon sukari mellitus, rashin motsa jiki, kiba, hawan jini, rashin abinci mai gina jiki, yawan shan barasa, da sauransu. An kiyasta hawan jini ya kai kusan 13% na mutuwar CVD, yayin da taba ke da kashi 9%, ciwon sukari 6%, rashin motsa jiki 6% da kiba 5%. Ciwon zuciya na rheumatic na iya biyo bayan strep makogwaro ba tare da magani ba.

An kuma kiyasta cewa har zuwa kuma 90% na CVD na iya yin rigakafi. Rigakafin CVD ya haɗa da haɓaka abubuwan haɗari ta hanyar: cin abinci lafiya, motsa jiki, guje wa hayakin taba da iyakance shan barasa. Yin maganin abubuwan haɗari, kamar hawan jini, lipids na jini da ciwon sukari shima yana da fa'ida. Yin maganin mutanen da ke da strep makogwaro tare da maganin rigakafi na iya rage haɗarin cututtukan zuciya na rheumatic. Amfani da aspirin a cikin mutane, waɗanda ba su da lafiya, ba shi da fa'ida mara tabbas.

Cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini sune kan gaba wajen mutuwa a duk sassan duniya in banda Afirka. Tare CVD ya haifar da mutuwar mutane miliyan 17.9 (32.1%) a cikin shekarar 2015, daga 12.3 miliyan (25.8%) a cikin 1990. Mutuwar, a wani shekaru da aka ba da, daga CVD ya fi kowa kuma yana karuwa a yawancin ƙasashe masu tasowa, yayin da rates ke karuwa. sun ragu a yawancin kasashen da suka ci gaba tun daga shekarun 1970. Cututtukan jijiyoyin jini da bugun jini suna lissafin 80% na mutuwar CVD a cikin maza da 75% na mutuwar CVD a cikin mata. Yawancin cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini suna shafar tsofaffi. A cikin Amurka 11% na mutane tsakanin 20 zuwa 40 suna da CVD, yayin da 37% tsakanin 40 da 60, 71% na mutane tsakanin 60 da 80, da 85% na mutane sama da 80 suna da CVD. Matsakaicin shekarun mutuwa daga cututtukan jijiyoyin jini a cikin ƙasashen da suka ci gaba ya kai kusan 80 yayin da yake kusan 68 a ƙasashe masu tasowa. Ganewar cututtuka yawanci yana faruwa shekaru bakwai zuwa goma a baya a cikin maza idan aka kwatanta da mata.

## Ire-ire
Akwai ire-iren cututtuka da ke da alaka da tashoshin jini iri-iri. Ana kiransu da cututtukan ''vascular diseases''.
* Cutar Coronary artery (kuma ana kiranta da cutar zuciya wato  *coronary heart disease* ko kuma *ischemic heart disease*)
* Cutar Peripheral arterial - cutar tashoshin jini da suke kai jini zuwa hannu da kafa.
* Cutar Cerebrovascular disease - cutar tashoshin jini da suke kai jini zuwa kwakwalwa (kamar Bugun jini)
* Cutar Renal artery stenosis
* Aortic aneurysm
Har ila yau, akwai cututtukan *cardiovascular* wanda suke da alaka da zuciya
* Cutar Cardiomyopathy - cutar da ke da alaka da tsokar cardiac
* Cutar Hawan jini na zuciya - cutar zuciya da ke da alaka da Blood pressure ko kuma Hawan jini. 
* Heart failure - wani yanayi na cuta wanda ke faruwa yayinda zuciya ta gaza watsa jini zuwa sauran gabobin jiki don gudanar da harkokin *metabolism*.
* Pulmonary heart disease - gazawar barin dama na zuciya wanda ke da alaka da tsarin numfashi.
* Cardiac dysrhythmias - rashin natsuwar bugun zuciya
* Cutar kumburewar zuciya
** Endocarditis - shine [kumburi]n sashin cikin zuciya, wato [endocardium. Sassan da suke fi alaka da ita sune ''heart valves''.
** Kumburin zuciya cardiomegaly
** Myocarditis - shine kumburin  ''myocardium'', sashin tsoka na zuciya wanda ke yawan faruwa a dalilin kamuwa da kwayoyin cutan virus - *viral infection* ko kuma a wasu 'yan lokuta a dalilin kamuwa da kwayoyin cuta na *bacteria - bacterial infection,* ko wasu magunguna, ko abubuwan da zuciya bai so, ko kuma matsalar kwayoyin kare jiki daga kamuwa da cuta.
** Eosinophilic myocarditis - kumburin myocardium a dalilin cututtukan Eosinophilic a cikin fararen kwayoyin jini wato *white blood cell*
* Valvular heart disease
* Congenital heart disease - lalacewar surar zuciya da ke faruwa a lokacin haihuwa
* Rheumatic heart disease - lalacewar tsokokin zuciya a dalilin zazzabin  rheumatic wanda ke faruwa a dalilin *Streptococcus pyogenes.*
## Abubuwan da ke iya janyo cutar zuciya
Akwai abubuwa da dama da ka iya janyo cutar zuciya, kamar; shekaru, jinsi, amfani da taba/sigari, rashin motsa jini, cutar  non-alcoholic fatty liver, yawam shan barasa, rashin cin abinci mai kyau, kiba, gado ko kuma tarihin dangi akan cututtukan zuciya, hawan jini, diabetes mellitus, yawan maiko acikin jini ''hyperlipidemia'', cutar celiac wacce ba ai mata magani ba, matsalolin zamantaewar rayuwa, talauci da karancin ilimi, gurbacewar Iska, da kuma rashin samun isasshen cacci
## Kariya
Za'a iya kiyaye kusan kaso 90% na kamuwa daga cutar zuciya matukar an kiyaye wadannan abubuwan da ke janyo cutar. Hanyoyin da ake gwada wajen magance kamuwa da cutar zuciya su ne;

* Kiyaye cin kayan abinci nagina jiki, irinsu kayan abinci na Mediterranean, cin ganyayyaki kawai, haramtawa kai cin nama ko kuma kiyaye cin kayan abinci na shuke-shuke kawai.
* Maye kayan abinci masu yawan maiko ko kitse na dabbobi da mai da aka cire daga jikin itace ko tsirrai: Bincike na lafiya ya nuna cewa sauya cin abinci daga masu maiko na dabbobi zuwa mai da ake cirewa daga shuke-shuke na rage illar kamuwa da cutar zuciya da kaso 30%. Bincike sun nuna cewa wannan dabi'a na rage cin maiko na daga dabbobi zuwa mai da aka sarrafa daga jikin itace kan rage hadarin kamuwa da cutukan zuciya matuka.
* Rage kiba idan mutum ya cika kiba. Illar rage kiba na da kusancin alaka ga illar sauya nau'in kayan abinci, sannan hujjoji akan nau'in kayan abinci na rage kiba kadan ne. Acikin wani bincike na nazari da aka gano akan mutane masu kiba sosai, rage kiba bayan aikin tita na bariatric surgery kan rage hadarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya da kaso 46%.
* Rage shan barasa zuwa wasu 'yan lokuta a duk rana. Mutanen da basu shan abubuwan da ke dauke da giya na da kaso 25–30% na karancin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya. Haka zalika, mutanen da basuyi gadon shan barasa da yawa ba na da karancin hadarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya. Yawan shan barasa na kara hadarin kamuwa da cutar zuciya, sannan kuma shan barasa kan inya janyo faruwar cutar zuciya a rana ta gaba daga shan ta.
* Rage cin abinci da ke dauke da maiko na *HDL cholesterol.* Magungunan Statin kan rage mace-mace ta hanyar cutar zuciya da kusan kaso  31%.
* Daina shan sigara da sauran kayan hayaki na taba. Dena shan taba gabaki daya kan rage hadarin kamuwa da kas 35%.
* Motsa jini akalla na mintuna 150 (sa'anni 2 da minti talatin) a duk mako.
* Rage hauhawan jini, idan jinin ya hau. Rage hawan jini da 10 mmHg na rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar zuciya da kaso 20%. Saukar da hawan jini da amfani ko da ace hawan jinin na tafiya daidai yadda ya kamata.
* Rage damuwar zuci. Wannan mataki na da wuyan kiyaye saboda ba lallai a iya bayyana abubuwan da suka shafi tunani ba. Yawan damuwa yana da hadarin kara kamuwa da cutar zuciya, musamman ga masu tarihin matsalolin zuciya.
* Rashin samun isasshen bacci ma na iya haifar da hawan jini. Baligi na buƙatar akalla sa'anni 7-9 na bacci a duk rana.
Mafi akasarin masana kiwon lafiya sun bada shawara kiyaye wadannan ka'idoji baki daya.

## Manazarta