Eva Jablonka

**Eva Jablonka** (    (an haife shi a shekara ta 1952) ɗan Isra'ila ce masanin ka'idar juyin halitta kuma masanin ilimin halitta, wanda aka sani musamman don sha'awarta ga gadon epigenetic . An haife ta a 1952 a Poland, ta yi hijira zuwa Isra'ila a 1957. Ita farfesa ce a Cibiyar Cohn don Tarihin Falsafa na Kimiyya da Ra'ayoyi a Jami'ar Tel Aviv . A cikin 1981 an ba ta lambar yabo ta Landau ta Isra'ila don ƙwararren Jagoran Kimiyya (M.Sc.) aiki kuma a cikin 1988, lambar yabo ta Marcus don fitattun Ph.D. aiki.  Ita ce mai goyon bayan 'yancin ilimi, ta fahimci cewa a kan irin waɗannan batutuwa, "al'amuran ilimi da na siyasa ba za a iya raba su da gaske ba", ko da yake ba ta kasance mai goyon bayan sauƙaƙan mafita ba, kuma tana nuna fifikon bayyana matsayinta. 

## Yi aiki akan jigogi na juyin halitta
Jablonka ya buga game da jigogi na juyin halitta, musamman epigenetics . Mahimmancinta ga nau'ikan juyin halitta wanda ba na kwayoyin halitta ba ya sami sha'awa daga masu ƙoƙarin fadada iyakokin tunanin juyin halitta zuwa wasu bangarori. An bayyana Jablonka a matsayin wanda ke kan gaba wajen ci gaba da juyin juya hali a cikin ilmin juyin halitta, kuma shi ne babban mai ba da goyon baya ga fadada tsarin juyin halitta .   

Littafinta na farko kan batun Epigenetic, *Gadon Epigenetic da Juyin Halitta: Lamarckian Dimension* (1995), an haɗa shi tare da Marion Lamb . Littafinta na *Animal Traditions* (2000), wanda aka rubuta tare da Eytan Avital, misalan tsarin watsa al'adun ɗan adam zuwa duniyar dabbar da ba ta ɗan adam ba, don nuna cewa juyin halittar al'adu ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a juyin halittar sauran dabbobi.  Jablonka ya sake yin haɗin gwiwa tare da Ɗan Rago akan *[[Juyin Halitta a Girma Hudu]]* (2005). Gina kan tsarin ilimin halittar ci gaba na juyin halitta, da kuma binciken da aka yi kwanan nan na kwayoyin halitta da ilimin halitta, suna jayayya game da watsar ba kawai kwayoyin halitta ba, amma bambance-bambancen gado da ake yadawa daga tsara zuwa tsara ta kowace hanya. Suna ba da shawarar cewa irin wannan bambancin zai iya faruwa a matakai hudu. Na farko, a matakin da aka kafa na kwayoyin halitta . Abu na biyu, a matakin epigenetic wanda ya ƙunshi bambance-bambance a cikin "ma'ana" na nau'in DNA da aka ba da, wanda aka watsar da bambance-bambance a cikin fassarar DNA yayin tafiyar matakai na ci gaba a lokacin haifuwa, wanda zai iya dawowa cikin gyare-gyare na DNA kanta. Girma na uku yana ɗaya daga cikin sha'awa ta musamman ga Jablonka, wanda ya ƙunshi watsa al'adun ɗabi'a. Akwai misali da aka rubuta lokuta na zaɓin abinci da ake bayarwa, ta ilimin zamantakewa, a cikin nau'ikan dabbobi da yawa, waɗanda ke dawwama daga tsara zuwa tsara yayin da yanayi ya ba da izini. Girma na huɗu shine gado na alama, wanda ya keɓanta ga ɗan adam, kuma a cikin abin da aka ba da al'adu "ta wurin iyawarmu na harshe, da al'adu, wakilcinmu na yadda za mu nuna hali, sadarwa ta hanyar magana da rubutu."  A cikin kula da manyan matakai, Jablonka da Ɗan Rago sun bambanta tsarinsu daga banalities na ilimin halayyar juyin halitta, na "memes", har ma daga ra'ayoyin Chomskian na nahawu na duniya. Suna jayayya cewa akwai ci gaba da hulɗar tsakanin matakan - epigenetic, halayya har ma da hanyoyin gado na alama kuma suna haifar da matsa lamba akan gado na DNA kuma yana iya, a wasu lokuta, har ma taimakawa DNA ta canza kansu - don haka "haɓaka juyin halitta". Don aiwatar da rubutunsu, suna amfani da gwaje-gwajen tunani da tattaunawa tare da mai tambaya mai shakku, IM-Ifcha Mistabra, Aramaic, suna cewa, don "kishiyar zato". 

A cikin 2008, Jablonka da Lamb sun buga takarda *Gado mai laushi: ƙalubalanci Tsarin Zamani* wanda ya yi iƙirarin cewa akwai shaida ga tsarin kula da tsarin halittar Lamarckian da ke haifar da sauye-sauyen juyin halitta da hanyoyin da ke tattare da gadon epigenetic kuma na iya haifar da canje-canjen gishiri waɗanda ke sake tsara epigenome. 

A cikin 2019, Jablonka da Simona Ginsburg sun buga *Juyin Halittar Rai: Koyo da Tushen Hankali* . A ciki, Jablonka da Ginsburg sun ba da shawarar sabon ka'idar game da asalin sani, wanda ya danganci koyo. Ƙwararrun hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su don alamar sauyi daga rashin rayuwa zuwa rayuwa, marubutan suna ba da shawarar saiti na ma'auni da ke nuna sauyi zuwa ƙaramin sani: wani hadadden nau'i na ilmantarwa na haɗin gwiwa, wanda suka kira ilmantarwa mara iyaka

## Manazarta