Sauye-sauyen yanayi na Ontario

**Ontario** tana cikin Gabas / Tsakiya *Kanada* . Ita ce lardin Kanada na biyu mafi girma a hanyar ƙasa. Abubuwan da ke cikin jiki sun bambanta sosai daga Filayen Mixedwood a kudu maso gabas zuwa gandun daji da tundra a arewa. Ontario tana da iyaka da Manitoba zuwa yamma, Hudson Bay da James Bay zuwa arewa, Quebec zuwa gabas, da Great Lakes da Amurka zuwa kudu. An sanya sunan lardin ne don Babban Tafkuna Ontario, karɓar kalmar Iroquois *Onitariio*, ma'ana "kyakkyawan tafki", ko Kanadario, wanda aka fassara shi daban-daban a matsayin "kyakkyawayar ruwa". Akwai kusan tabkuna 250,000 da sama da kilomita 100,000 (62,000  na koguna a lardin.

Kusan kashi 94% na yawan jama'a sun fi mayar da hankali a cikin Kudancin Ontario, inda yawan jama'ar ya wuce 12,850,000 a cikin ƙidayar 2011. Golden Horseshoe shine mafi yawan jama'a a Kudancin Ontario, tare da yawan mutane 9,765,188 a cikin ƙidayar 2021.

## Yawan jama'a

Ontario ita ce lardin da ya fi yawan jama'a a Kanada. Kudancin Ontario yana daya daga cikin yankuna masu yawa a kasar. Arewa tana da girma kuma ba ta da yawa idan aka kwatanta da kudu. Babban birnin kasar Ottawa yana cikin Ontario da ke kan iyakar Quebec . Da yake a cikin Golden Horseshoe, Toronto ita ce babban birnin Ontario, cibiyar hada-hadar kudi ta Kanada, kuma birni mafi yawan jama'a a kasar.

Ontario ita ce lardin birane na biyu mafi girma bayan British Columbia, tare da kashi 85.9% na yawan mutanen da ke zaune a cikin birane.

## Yanayin jiki

Kudu-maso-yammacin Ontario da ƴaƴan ƙasa da ke bakin tekun kogin Saint Lawrence suna cikin Filin Mixedwood, wani yanki mai albarka kuma mai albarka wanda galibi ke da tudu mai birgima, kuma dazuzzukan ya taɓa rufe shi kafin a yi amfani da shi don noma, kuma daga baya ƙauyuka, ya haifar da sare gandun daji na yankin.  Zuwa arewacinta shine Garkuwan Boreal, mafi girman yanki na lardi, wanda ya tashi daga kudu-ta-tsakiyar Ontario don rufe yawancin arewacin Ontario, inda ya mamaye filayen Hudson.  Yankin Arewa maso yammacin Ontario na wannan yanki wani yanki ne na gandun daji na Garkuwar Kanada ta Tsakiyar yamma wanda ke bazuwa yamma ta Manitoba da Saskatchewan.  Filayen da ke rufe tsakiyar yankin Ontario wani yanki ne na tsaka-tsakin yanayi wanda ke da siffofi na boreal a kudu da shimfidar tundra a arewa.  Wannan ya shimfida gaba dayan iyakar arewacin gabar tekun Ontario tare da Hudson Bay da James Bay, inda yawancin wuraren dausayi ke aiki a matsayin wuraren tsugunar da tsuntsaye masu ƙaura.  Ruwan bays biyu suna cikin yankin Arctic Archipelago Marine ecozone, wanda ke samar da kudanci, iyakar subarctic.
 
Ontario, saboda girmansa, yana da ilimin ƙasa daban-daban wanda ya bambanta da tsari, shekaru, da lithology. Kimanin kashi 61% na lardin ya rufe da Garkuwar Kanada, galibi tare da dutsen Precambrian. Wadannan duwatsu suna dauke da manyan ma'adanai waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga tattalin arzikin arewacin Ontario. Za'a iya raba garkuwar zuwa sassa uku. Yankunan arewa maso yammacin Garkuwa, wanda ke kusa da arewa da yammacin Sudbury, an san su da Babban Lardin;  wannan shine mafi girma daga cikin sassan uku, yana rufe kusan 70% na ɓangaren Garkuwa a Ontario.  Wannan yankin ya wuce shekaru biliyan 2.5 kuma ya ƙunshi duwatsu masu tsinkaye. A cikin sassan arewacin lardin Superior, ilimin ƙasa na yankin ya mamaye dutse da duwatsu na gneiss. Yankin tsakiya na Garkuwa, wanda aka sani da Lardin Grenville kuma yana kudu da Sudbury, yana da shekaru biliyan 1.0 zuwa 1.6 kuma yana cike da duwatsu masu tasowa da ke nuna shaidar kasancewa ƙarƙashin metamorphism. Ya kai kusan kashi 20% na Garkuwar Kanada a Ontario. Wadannan duwatsu sun canza tsakanin shekaru miliyan 990 da suka gabata da shekaru biliyan 1.08 da suka gabata. Yankin na uku, wanda aka sani da lardin Kudancin wanda yanki ne mai ƙanƙanta daga Sault Ste. Marie zuwa Kirkland Lake, an yi shi ne da duwatsu da suka gabata shekaru biliyan 1.8 zuwa 2.4 da suka gabata. Yankin Hudson Bay, wanda ke arewacin Garkuwar Kanada, galibi an yi su ne da duwatsu masu laushi daga zamanin Silurian, kodayake wasu sassa sun fito ne daga zamanin Ordovician da Devonian. Wannan yanki ya rufe kashi 25% na lardin. Yawancin dutsen da ke cikin tuddai na Hudson Bay sun hada da dutse mai laushi da dutse na carbonate.

### Yankin
Yankin da ya fi tsayi yana tare da lardin Kanada na Manitoba zuwa yammacin kusan kilomita  (637  tare da layin da aka ayyana a matsayin mafi girman Arewa maso yammacin Tafkin Woods zuwa latitude 52 ° 50 'N sannan layin diagonal zuwa inda bakin Hudson Bay ya haɗu da 89th meridian yammacin Greenwich.  Yankin Ontario a kan Hudson da James Bay ba ya wuce bakin teku, kamar yadda duk tsibirai a cikin bays na Nunavut. Yankin da ke Quebec an bayyana shi ta hanyar layin da ke arewacin Lake Timiskaming zuwa James Bay,  da kuma kudu maso gabas daga can, Kogin Ottawa na kimanin kilomita  (390 . Yankin ya bi wani karamin yanki na kudancin Kogin Ottawa har sai ya haɗu da Kogin Saint Lawrence kusa da Cornwall.

Ontario kuma tana da iyakoki tare da Jihohin Amurka da yawa. Daga yamma zuwa gabas, iyakar Minnesota ta ƙunshi Tafkin Woods, Kogin Rainy, Tafkin Rainy da masu goyon bayanta. Yankin ya haɗa da kilomita 1 kawai na ƙasar duk iyakar Amurka mai nisan kilomita 2,700, Height of Land Portage, wanda ya raba Tekun Arctic da Kogin Nelson daga na Kogin St Lawrence da Tekun Atlantika. Yankin Amurka / Minnesota sannan ya bi Kogin Pigeon zuwa bakin sa a Lake Superior. Ontario tana kan iyaka da Michigan a fadin Lake Superior, Kogin Saint Mary, Tafkin Huron, Kogin St. Clair, Tafkin St. Claar, Kogin Detroit, da Tafkin Erie. Har ila yau, lardin yana da iyaka da Ohio da Pennsylvania a fadin Tafkin Erie . Yankin kilomita 309 tare da New York ya haɗa da Tafkin Ontario, kogin St. Lawrence da Niagara.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

### Hawan sama
Yawancin ƙasa a gefen kudu da yammacin James Bay da Hudson Bay suna da ƙasa kuma an rufe su da wuraren da ke da ruwa. Ƙasar da ke Arewa maso gabas da Arewa maso yamma, gabaɗaya arewacin Lake Superior, ita ce Garkuwar Kanada inda ake samun mafi yawan maki mafi girma na Ontario. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

Ƙarin kudu, tuddai da yawa na Algonquin, Haliburton da Madawaska Highlands, waɗanda su ma wani ɓangare ne na garkuwar da ke rufe yawancin arewa, sun wuce tsawo na 500 m (1640'). [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&nbsp;<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

Garin Temagami yana kan arewa maso gabashin Tafkin Temagami, kilomita 100 a arewacin North Bay. Matsayi mafi girma na Ontario, Ishpatina Ridge (mita 693), yana cikin iyakokin karamar hukumar. Abubuwan da suka fi girma na gaba suna cikin Dufferin, Gray da yammacin yankunan Simcoe, inda tsawo ya kasance daga 430 m (1,400') zuwa 540 m (1,750'). Yawancin ƙasashe mafi girma suna zaune a saman Niagara Escarpment a cikin wani yanki mai laushi da aka sani da Dundalk Highlands . Kawai zuwa kudu, a cikin Wellington County da Waterloo Region, tsaunuka gabaɗaya suna daga 300 m (1,000') zuwa 400 m (1,300'). Wani fasalin da ya fi dacewa na Niagara Escarpment shine fuskar dutsen dutse, gabaɗaya tsakanin 80 m (250 ') da 100 m (330 ') sama da ƙasar da ke kewaye da ita, wanda ya kai daga tsibirin Niagara arewa maso yamma zuwa tsibirin Bruce . &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Za'a iya samun yankunan da suka fi dacewa a lardin a cikin ƙasashen arewacin arewa, da kuma kudu maso yamma da gabashin Ontario. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

=== Ruwa ===

An san Ontario da yawan tabkuna da koguna da ke ciki. Kimanin kashi ɗaya cikin biyar na ruwan sha na duniya ana iya samunsa a Ontario. An kuma san Ontario da kasancewa kawai lardin a Kanada wanda ya taɓa Great Lakes. Ontario ta taɓa huɗu daga cikin manyan tabkuna: Huron, Tafkin Ontario (an sanya sunan lardin bayan tafkin), Erie da Superior.

Babban koguna da tabkuna na Ontario sun buɗe lardin don bincike kuma sun ba da damar wutar lantarki, ma'adanai da nau'o'i daban-daban na masana'antu. Yawancin Ontario ana ciyar da shi ta ruwan sama, kuma a mafi yawan sassan ana dogara da dusar ƙanƙara. Ruwan sama ya fi yawa a kudanci da tsakiyar Ontario inda bambance-bambance tsakanin lokutan ba su da yawa; amma hunturu da bazara ba su da ruwa fiye da arewa maso yammacin Ontario.

== Yanayi ==

Yanayin yanayi na Ontario ya bambanta da yanayi da wuri. Tushen iska guda uku ne ke shafar shi: sanyi, bushe, iska ta arctic daga arewa (mafi yawanci a lokacin watanni na hunturu, kuma na tsawon lokaci na shekara a arewacin Ontario); Pacific polar air crossing in daga yammacin Kanada Prairies / US Northern Plains; da dumi, iska mai laushi daga Gulf of Mexico da Tekun Atlantika. Tasirin waɗannan manyan iska a kan zafin jiki da hazo ya dogara da latitude, kusanci da manyan ruwa da kuma karamin wuri, taimakon ƙasa. Babban Tafkunan da ke kewaye da su suna da tasiri sosai ga yankin yanayi na kudancin Ontario. A lokacin faduwa da watanni na hunturu, ana fitar da zafi da aka adana daga tabkuna, yana daidaita yanayin kusa da gabar tabkuna. Wannan yana ba da wasu sassan kudancin Ontario mafi sanyi fiye da yankunan tsakiyar nahiyar a ƙananan latitudes. Gabaɗaya, yawancin yanayin Ontario an rarraba su a matsayin ƙasa mai laushi.

=== Kudancin Ontario ===
Kusan dukkanin kudancin Ontario ko dai sun fada cikin rarraba yanayi na Köppen  ko , Landan aka samo a Windsor da kuma babban ɓangare na Kudu maso yammacin Ontario, da kuma gaba zuwa gabas, a cikin birnin [[Toronto]] da kuma mafi yawan rabin kudancin Golden Horseshoe da ke kewaye da ƙarshen yammacin Tafkin Ontario, wanda ya ƙunshi yankin Niagara. Wasu birane suna kan iyakar yankin, kamar London, saman Hamilton, da Cornwall a kudu maso gabashin Ontario. Sauran biranen sun shiga cikin tsarin **Dfb**, gami da Kitchener, [[Barrie]], Kingston da [[Ottawa]]. Yankin yana da zafi, lokacin rani mai zafi da sanyi, yawanci hunturu mai zafi. matsanancin zafi da sanyi yawanci suna faruwa na gajeren lokaci. An dauke shi yanayi mai matsakaici idan aka kwatanta da sauran nahiyar Kanada. A cikin kaka da hunturu, yanayin zafi yana daidaitawa ta hanyar jinkirin sanyaya na Great Lakes; wannan tasirin yana juyawa a cikin bazara da rani lokacin da aka daidaita zafi na rana. Tasirin matsakaici na tabkuna yana ba da damar tsawon lokacin girma fiye da yankuna a irin wannan latitudes a cikin nahiyar; wasu yankuna sun wuce kwanaki 200 marasa sanyi kuma suna da matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara na 10 ° C (50 ° F). Dukkanin bazara da faduwa gabaɗaya suna kunshe da kwanaki masu sauƙi da dare mai sanyi amma suna da saurin sauye-sauyen zafin jiki a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya kasance daga 75 zuwa 110 cm (30-43 in) kuma an rarraba shi sosai a ko'ina cikin shekara tare da yawan lokacin rani. Yankunan tsaunuka a wannan yankin suna da yanayin sanyi, misalai za su kasance Dutsen Forest da Bancroft, gabaɗaya ƙarin hazo (musamman dusar ƙanƙara), sanya su cikin tsarin yanayi na **Dfb**. Yawancin Kudancin Ontario suna cikin Great Lakes, suna samar da dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa a wasu yankuna: (London, Goderich da Barrie, misali) suna karɓar matsakaicin sama da 2 m (80") a kowace shekara, yayin da wasu yankuna ba sa cikin layin kai tsaye na aikin dusar ƙara na iya karɓar matsakaici ƙasa da 1 m (40") na dusar ƙanya ƙanƙarar ƙanƙanta a kowace shekara. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

=== Arewacin Ontario ===
Har ila yau an haɗa su a cikin yanayin **Dfb''' sune kudancin da suka hada da biranen Sudbury da North Bay, waɗanda ke da yanayin zafi mai tsanani. Wannan yankin yana da lokacin zafi da zafi amma tare da ƙarin bambanci, ɗan gajeren lokacin girma tare da sanyi, hunturu mai tsawo tare da kusan ruwan sama na shekara-shekara zuwa kudu. Tare da gabar gabashin Lake Superior da Lake Huron (ciki har da Georgian Bay), tsawon hunturu da yawan tasirin dusar ƙanƙara na tafkin suna ƙara yawan dusar ƙara sama da 3 m (120 in) a wasu wurare, kamar Wawa amma a arewacin Timmins nesa da tasirin tabkuna. &nbsp;

Tsarin yanayi na Köppen Dfc: Yankunan arewacin Ontario - musamman arewacin 50 ° N kuma ba tare da manyan biranen yankin ba - suna da yanayi mai zurfi tare da dogayen sanyi mai tsananin sanyi da gajeren lokacin rani, tare da canje-canjen yanayin zafi mai ban mamaki a duk yanayi.  A lokacin rani, yanayin zafi lokaci-lokaci yakan kai har ma da ɓangarorin arewa na Ontario na ɗan gajeren lokaci, kodayake yanayin zafi gabaɗaya ya fi na kudanci.  Ba tare da wani manyan jeri na tsaunin da ke toshe yawan iskar Arctic ba, yanayin zafi na -40 °C (-40 °F) ba sabon abu ba ne.  Dusar ƙanƙara ta tsaya a ƙasa da yawa a nan fiye da sauran yankuna na Ontario;  murfin dusar ƙanƙara yakan kasance zuwa ɗan lokaci tsakanin Oktoba da Mayu.  Abin mamaki mai zafi da zafi wani lokacin yana faruwa a cikin al'ummomin Arewacin Ontario lokacin da aka sami doguwar iska daga kudu, kamar yadda ya faru a ranar 10 ga Mayu 2022 lokacin da Moosonee ya yi rikodin karatun 30 °C ko 86 °F na Kanada na farkon shekara.

### Yanayi mai tsanani
Tsawa mai tsanani da mara sa tsanani yana karuwa a  mita daga Yuni zuwa Agusta amma yana iya faruwa a kowane lokaci.  Ayyukan tsawa akai-akai, kuma lokaci-lokaci mai tsanani a duk faɗin Kudu, amma kuma a Tsakiya da Arewa maso yammacin Ontario.  Haguwar tsawa tana tasowa daga dumama mai ɗaukar hoto da aikin gaba;  a kudanci, iskar tabkin kuma na kara tsananta guguwa.  Wani nau'in tsawa mai tsanani ana kiransa Mesocyclonic Convective Complex ko Derecho, wanda shine babban nau'in tsawa mai girma tare da fiye ko žasa siffar madauwari, sau da yawa tare da siffar baka a gabansa ko gefen gaba.  A lokacin yanayin zafi a lokacin rani, sau da yawa suna tasowa da rana a yammacin Babban Tafkuna sannan su buge Kudancin da Tsakiyar Ontario da dare tare da babban motsi na gaba, suna kawo iska mai ƙarfi madaidaiciya a kan wurare masu faɗi wanda ke haifar da lalacewa ga gandun daji, katsewar wutar lantarki da lalacewar ababen more rayuwa.  Yankunan da ke da mafi girman mitar yanayi a lardin sune Kudu maso yamma (Windsor, Chatham, Stratford corridor) da Tsakiyar Ontario (Simcoe County ciki har da birnin Barrie, Lake Simcoe da yankin tafkin Kawartha), duka yankunan galibi suna samun haɓakar guguwa sakamakon haɗuwar Kogin Breeze Front.  Landan ita ce ta fi samun walƙiya a kowace shekara a Kanada, wanda ke ɗaukar matsakaicin kwanaki 34 na tsawa a kowace shekara.  A cikin shekara ta al'ada, dangane da matsakaita daga lokacin daga 1980 zuwa 2009 da Northern Tornadoes Project ta tattara, Ontario ta sami matsakaicin 18.2 da aka tabbatar da guguwar guguwa a kowace shekara.  Ma'aunin Ingantaccen Fujita).  A Arewacin Ontario, wasu mahaukaciyar guguwa ba a gano su ba saboda ƙarancin yawan jama'a da wuri mai nisa;  Sau da yawa ana gano su bayan gaskiyar ta matukan jirgi, inda duban iska na dajin da suka lalace ya tabbatar da faruwar lamarin.  Duk Arewacin Ontario a arewacin layin daga tafkin Nipigon zuwa Timmins ba shi da ɗaukar hoto na radar yanayi ta muhallin Kanada yana da wahala a gano guguwa a arewacin Ontario lokacin da ta faru.  Ragowar bakin ciki na wurare masu zafi na iya haifar da yawan ruwan sama da iska a kudanci, amma ba kasafai suke yin kisa ba.  Babban abin ban mamaki shine Hurricane Hazel a cikin Oktoba 1954.

### Taswirar yanayi