Violetta Thurstan

**Violetta Thurstan**, MM (4 ga Fabrairu 1879 - 13 ga Afrilu 1978) ma'aikaciyar jinya ce 'yar Ingila, marubuciya, mai saƙa, kuma mai gudanarwa wacce aikinta ya haɗa da taimaka wa 'yan gudun hijira da fursunonin yaƙi.  Ta san harsuna da yawa, ta yi tafiye-tafiye akai-akai kuma ta rubuta littattafai da dama. Na farko ya shafi abubuwan da ta fuskanta na aikin jinya a wurare masu haɗari a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya . Ƙasashe uku sun girmama ta saboda jarumtakarta yayin aikin jinya a yaƙin, kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta soja .

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Anna Violet Thurstan a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, 1879 a Ore, Sussex . Ita ce babbar 'yar Anna ( *née* Reid) da Edward Paget Thurstan, likita, kuma tana da ƙanne uku. Iyalin suna ƙaura akai-akai kuma matashiyar "Vi",  wacce daga baya ta kira kanta Violetta, ta je makarantun kwana, ciki har da makarantar Katolika ta Jamus  da Kwalejin Mata, Guernsey .  Ta fara aikin jinya a Burtaniya a shekarar 1897 kuma ta yi horo a Asibitin London, Whitechapel a ƙarƙashin uwargida Eva Luckes tsakanin 1900 da 1903.   Daga 1905 zuwa 1907 ta kasance 'yar'uwa a Asibitin Royal na Bristol .  Har zuwa 1913, Thurtsan ta yi aiki a cibiyoyi da dama, ciki har da gidan kwantar da hankali a Hythe, asibitin tiyata a Spain  da gidan yara a Duxhurst.   A shekarar 1910 aka naɗa ta a matsayin Sufeto Janar na Ƙungiyar Kula da Jinya ta West Riding, da Makarantar Horar da Ungozoma ta West Riding, Yorkshire inda ta ci gaba har zuwa 1913.    A lokaci guda ta gina ƙwarewar harshenta da kuma nazarin tarihi da labarin ƙasa. Wannan ya haifar da samun digiri na waje daga Jami'ar St Andrews : LLA a harsunan zamani da fasaha. 

## Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya

Thurstan ta shiga kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross ta Burtaniya a shekarar 1913. Daga watan Fabrairun 1913, ta zama mataimakiyar asibitin farar hula, Spezia a Italiya.   A watan Agustan 1914, da fara yakin duniya na daya, ita ce Matron, na asibitin kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross ta Burtaniya, Marceline, Brussels, Belgium.   Ba da daɗewa ba sojojin Jamus da suka mamaye suka umarci dukkan ma'aikatan jinya na Burtaniya da su tafi kuma suka tilasta mata zuwa Copenhagen karkashin rakiyar makamai. Daga nan ta yi tafiya zuwa arewa ta Sweden da Finland don isa Rasha, inda ta shiga sashin kula da marasa lafiya, ko sashin kula da marasa lafiya na hannu, karkashin jagorancin Yarima da Gimbiya Peter Volkonsky . Thurstan ta kasance ma'aikaciyar jinya-direba, Sabis na Motocin Ambulance na Jiragen Sama, Red Cross ta Rasha, har zuwa Maris 1915.  A matsayinta na wani bangare na wannan rukunin, ta kula da wadanda suka jikkata a Łódź bayan an harba mata bama-bamai, sannan ta kula da ita a ciki da wajen Warsaw . An raunata ta da karafuna, kuma ta kamu da rashin lafiya da pleurisy .

Ba ta iya aiki ba, ta rubuta littafinta na farko, *Field Hospital da Flying Column*, wanda ya bayyana watannin da suka gabata na rayuwarta. Wannan littafin ya ci gaba da fitowa a bugu na biyu a Landan da New York kuma an fassara shi zuwa Faransanci.  A lokacin da take murmurewa a Ingila, Thurstan ta ba da laccoci a birane daban-daban game da abubuwan da ta fuskanta.  A cikin littafinta, ta yi jayayya cewa ma'aikatan jinya da aka horar da su yadda ya kamata suna da mahimmanci ga aikin jinya kuma ta matsa lamba kan yin rijistar jihohi ga ma'aikatan jinya masu cancanta. Tsawon wasu shekaru tana sakataren shirya taron kungiyar ma'aikatan jinya ta kasa (NUTN). Thurstan kuma memba ce a Majalisar Ma'aikatan Kula da Marayu ta Burtaniya. 

A ƙarshen shekarar 1915, ta koma Rasha a matsayin wakiliyar NUTN  tana ba da tallafi ga 'yan gudun hijira a Gabashin Gabas . An bayyana wannan a cikin *The People Who Run: the Tragedy of the Refugees in Russia* : "bayani mai haske" game da halin da ake ciki na kimanin mutane miliyan biyar "masu rauni", bisa ga kiyasin Thurstan.  A ƙarshen shekarar 1916, an naɗa ta mai kula da wani asibiti a De Panne, kusa da layin gaba na Belgium, kuma ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka aka sanya ta kusa da gaba don kula da wurin ajiye kaya a Koksijde .  Kokarinta na kwashe sojojin da suka ji rauni daga Koksijde a ƙarƙashin wuta ya sa ta sami lambar yabo ta soja .  Ta kuma sami lambar yabo ta Cross ta Rasha ta St George (aji na 4), lambar yabo ta Sarauniya Elizabeth ta Belgium,  lambar yabo ta Serbia ta St Sava, tauraruwar 1914  da sauran kyaututtuka.

Kwacewar ta bar ta da jinkiri a cikin rauni kuma ta buƙaci wani lokaci na murmurewa a Burtaniya. Ta buga littafin rubutu na aikin jinya na yaƙi a 1917. An tura ta aiki na ƙarshe a yaƙin a matsayin mai kula da asibitin filin Ostrovo da ke Macedonia kusa da yankin Salonika tsakanin 1917 da 1918. [1] Zazzabin cizon sauro ya kawo ƙarshen lokacinta a can. [2] Bayan ta murmure, an naɗa ta a rundunar sojojin sama ta mata a matsayin shugabar [3] har zuwa Satumba 1919.

A shekarar 1978, ta rubuta wani littafi game da wannan lokacin rayuwarta, *The Hounds of War Unleashed*, wanda bai yi daidai da dukkan bayanan *Asibitin Field* ba, kuma yana iya ƙunsar abubuwan almara. Wani masanin ilimi ya nuna cewa littattafanta na lokacin yaƙi suna da tasiri daga "hangen nesanta na soyayya" na rayuwa.  An kuma ce wasu bayanai game da rayuwar Thurstan ta farko ba su da tabbas kuma suna da rikitarwa. 

## Yadi da sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira na Bedouin

## Manazarta