Hanyoyin jirgin ruwa

Waƙoƙin jirgin ruwa girgije ne da ke kewaye da hayaki da jiragen ruwa suka saki cikin iska ta teku. kwayoyin ruwa suna tattarawa a kusa da ƙananan barbashi (aerosols) daga hayaki don samar da iri girgije. Ruwa da yawa yana tarawa a kan iri har sai an kafa girgije mai ganuwa. Game da **Hanyoyin jirgin ruwa**, ana shimfiɗa tsaba na girgije a kan hanya mai tsawo inda iska ta hura hayaki na jirgin, don haka girgije da ya haifar ya yi kama da dogon igiyoyi a kan teku. Waƙoƙin jirgin ruwa wani nau'in girgije ne na homogenitus.

## Nazarin waƙoƙin jirgin ruwa
A cikin 1965, an lura da "layin girgije mara kyau" na farko a cikin hotuna daga tauraron dan adam TIROS VII. An yi hasashen cewa mafi kusantar abin da ya sa ya kasance daga shaye-shayen jiragen ruwa.  Yawancin bincike tun lokacin sun tabbatar da dalilin, kuma yanzu ana kiran su a matsayin waƙoƙin jirgin ruwa. Masana kimiyya ba da daɗewa ba sun gane cewa tasirin yanayi daga iska zai iya yin tasiri mai yawa a kan sauyin yanayi ta hanyar tasirin Twomey,  da kuma waƙoƙin jirgin ruwa sun ba da kyakkyawan dakin gwaje-gwaje don nazarin su.

Masana kimiyya da suka yi nazarin yadda iskar da mutane ke samarwa ke shafar samuwar gajimare suna lura da hanyoyin jiragen ruwa domin a yawancin biranen, ba sa iya gane ainihin yadda gurɓata yanayi ke taimakawa wajen samar da gajimare saboda yanayin da ke cikin ƙasa yana da hatsaniya sosai. Sabanin haka, jiragen ruwa suna fitar da hayakinsu zuwa iskar ruwa mai tsafta kuma har yanzu, inda masanan ke samun saukin lokacin auna tasirin hayakin mai a kan samuwar gajimare.

Gabaɗaya, iska a saman tekuna tana fama da ƙarancin turbulence da convection fiye da iska a saman ƙasa. Yanayin da ke ƙasa yana da kwanciyar hankali musamman a gabashin Pacific a lokacin rani saboda iska mai zafi wanda ke zaune a mita 500 zuwa 700 sama da wannan yankin na teku. Wannan tasirin yana haifar da juyin zafin jiki, sanya murfin a kan iska mai sanyi a ƙasa, kama gurɓataccen ruwa da tururi na ruwa. Duk da yake juyawa yana da alhakin hayaki wanda ke rage ingancin iska a Los Angeles, yana kuma ba da damar samar da waƙoƙin jirgin ruwa na dogon lokaci. Abubuwan da ke fitowa daga hayaki na jiragen ruwa suna shiga cikin iska sama da gabashin Pacific kuma suna haifar da girgije mai tsawo, mai laushi wanda ke kasancewa a can na kwanaki. Wadannan girgije wani nau'in ne da aka sani da **homomutatus** . 

## Abubuwan da aka gano

An yi la'akari da cewa sulfur dioxide da aka saki daga hayakin jiragen ruwa zai iya zama barbashi na sulfate aerosol a cikin sararin samaniya, wanda ke sa gajimare ya zama mafi tunani, yana ɗaukar ruwa mai yawa kuma zai yiwu ya daina hazo .  Ana ɗaukar wannan a matsayin hujja cewa mutane sun kasance suna ƙirƙira da kuma gyara gajimare har tsawon tsararraki ta hanyar konewar albarkatun mai.

Binciken da aka yi daga binciken tauraron dan adam na daruruwan waƙoƙin jirgin ruwa daga 2006 zuwa 2009 ya nuna cewa kusan kashi 25% suna da ƙananan albedo na girgije (tunani) fiye da girgije da ba a gurɓata ba. Wadannan waƙoƙin jirgin ruwa masu ƙanƙanta suna da ƙarancin ruwa duk da ƙarfin murkushewar hazo ta hanyar fuka-fukan aerosol. Ana zaton hanyoyin jirgin ruwa na Dimmer za su faru lokacin da iska a saman girgije ta bushe sosai. Ƙananan ɗigon ruwa a cikin girgije mai gurɓata yana haɓaka girgije da kuma janyewa. Saboda haka girgije mai gurɓataccen iska yana mamaye iska mai bushewa wanda ke haifar da su sosai kuma suna da ƙanƙanta a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi mai bushe. A karkashin yanayi mai laushi / wanda ba shi da kwanciyar hankali tasirin ya fi karami kuma gurɓataccen abu daga jirgin yana haifar da girgije ya yi kauri kuma albedo ya karu.

As part of a strategy to reduce ship emissions, the International Maritime Organization implemented a global standard in 2020 requiring a fuel sulfur content reduction of 86%. A study by NASA found that the frequency of ship tracks was reduced to its lowest level in decades due largely to the 2020 global standards, and to a lesser degree by trade disruptions related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

## Manazarta