Isadore Gilbert Mudge

**Isadore Gilbert Mudge,** (Maris 14, 1875 - Mayu 16, 1957)Mujallar *Libraries na Amurka* ta zartas da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan shugabannin 100 da ɗakunan karatu suka samu a ƙarni na 20.Mudge ya kasance ma'anar tasiri akan abin da ma'aikacin ɗakin karatu na zamani yake kuma yana da mahimmanci don taimakawa tsarawa da haɓaka littattafan tunani don amfani wajen taimaka wa abokan ciniki samun bayanai da amsoshin tambayoyi.

Iyakar tarihin rayuwar da ta wanzu na Isadore Gilbert Mudge ita ce takardar da ɗalibin Columbia,John N.Waddell, ya rubuta a cikin 1973.A cikin wani yanki ya taƙaita abin da ya kasance manufarta, "Damuwa da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun Mudge ba su keɓe ga sashin bincike na Columbia ba… Littafi Mai Tsarki a gida da waje,ta alkalami da harshe.” 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Isadore Gilbert Mudge ta girma a Brooklyn, New York,a matsayin ɗan fari a cikin danginta.Mahaifinta lauya ne kuma mahaifiyarta 'yar wani ma'aikacin laburare ce ta Jami'ar Michigan.Ta halarci Kwalejin Adelphi ta Brooklyn sannan ta tafi Jami'ar Cornell don ilimin falsafa.An zabe ta ta zama memba na Phi Beta Kappa saboda kasancewarta fitacciyar daliba a karamar shekararta.Ta kasance memba na Kappa Alpha Theta, 'yan uwantaka na farko na mata na Girka.A lokacin karatun digirinta Farfesa kuma Ma’aikacin Laburare George Lincoln Burr ne ya motsa ta ta ci gaba da karatun digirin nata. Daga nan Mudge ya tafi Albany, New York,don halartar Makarantar Laburare ta Jihar New York, inda ta sami "Bachelor of Science Science degree tare da bambanci a 1900".Ba ta taba yin aure ko haihuwa ba.

## Ma'aikacin ɗakin karatu
Daga aikinta na farko a matsayin ma'aikaciyar laburare,Mudge tana son masu kula da ɗakin karatu su sami damar samun damar yin amfani da littattafan tunani da koyo bisa dogaro da kai. Aikin farko na Mudge ya kasance sau biyu; Ita ce "ita ce shugabar laburare a Jami'ar Illinois: Urbana kuma mataimakiyar farfesa a Makarantar Laburare ta Jami'ar Illinois.Shekaru uku ta rike mukaman biyu.Mudge ya bar Jami'ar Illinois don zama shugaban laburare a Kwalejin Bryn Mawr.Ta dauki kanta a matsayin 'yar gabaskuma watakila shine dalilin da ya sa ta canza matsayi.Ta yi aiki a can na tsawon shekaru biyar kuma ta shafe shekaru uku masu zuwa tana aiki a rubuce, tafiya zuwa Turai,kuma daga 1910 zuwa 1911,Mudge ya kuma yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin malami a Kwalejin Simmons .

### Jami'ar Columbia
A cikin 1911, Mudge ya ɗauki hayar a Jami'ar Columbia .Shugaban Columbia,Nicholas Murray Butler, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin magoya bayanta na farko.Butler ya same ta "mai ban sha'awa sosai wajen biyan buƙatunsa iri-iri da buƙatun littafinsa." Ta fara tura duk ɗakunan karatu don samun sashin tunani wanda zai haɗa da aƙalla "mallakar wasu ayyuka na asali,ƙamus,encyclopedia,atlas,ƙamus na rayuwa" amma da fatan kuma zai haɗa da "littafin na ambato,littafin jagora na kididdiga,littafin jaha ko gwamnati”. 

Kusan 1927 ta fara aiki a matsayin abokiyar farfesa a sabuwar Makarantar Sabis na Laburare ta Columbia,tana koyar da Bibliography da hanyoyin Littattafai.  Tana karantar da wannan ajin ta ƙirƙiro kalmarta "material, mind and method".Ta yi imanin cewa ya kamata masu karatu su san kayan da suke mu'amala da su,su kasance masu hankali tare da ingantaccen ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya kuma su sami damar amsa tambayoyi ta hanya madaidaiciya gami da tushen kayan da suke amfani da su.Ɗaya daga cikin ɗalibanta ta buga labarin a cikin *Jaridar Laburare* ta 1937 tana raba waɗannan ra'ayoyin."Bita na aikin Mudge a Columbia,Constance Mabel Winchell,Mudge's protegée,ya ce: 'Wataƙila babu wani mutum ɗaya da ya ba da gudummawa sosai don haɓaka ƙa'idodin tattara bayanai da sabis na tunani a cikin ɗakunan karatu na wannan da sauran ƙasashe.'" 

## Manazarta