Wasanni na matasa

**[[wasanni]] na [[Samartaka|matasa]]** duk wani taron wasanni ne inda masu fafatawa ba su kai shekaru ba, ko yara ko matasa. Wasanni na matasa sun haɗa da wasanni na makaranta a matakin firamare da sakandare, da kuma wasanni da aka buga a waje da tsarin ilimi, ko ba bisa ka'ida ba ko kuma an shirya su.

A cikin Nazarin wasanni da yanayin Manufofin jama'a, iyakar shekaru 18 (shekaru na mafi rinjaye) ya zama ruwan dare a tattauna "wasan matasa". Ba duk Hukumomin kula da wasanni ba ne suka bayyana "matasa" a matsayin "a karkashin shekaru 18": yayin da Wasannin Olympics na Matasa da FA na 'yan kasa da shekaru 18 ne, gasar zakarun Turai ta LEN Junior Water Polo ta kasa da shekaru 17 ne. Yawancin shirye-shiryen wasanni na matasa suna da matakai masu yawa, misali 'yan kasa da shekaru 8, 'yan kasa le shekaru 10, da dai sauransu. Duk da haka, ba kawai wasanni ne na yara da za a iya la'akari da su a matsayin wasanni na "matasa"; alal misali, kasancewar Gasar Rowing U23 ta Duniya ta gane cewa manya masu shekaru 18-22 ba su kai matakin mafi girma ba. Bugu da ƙari, ma'anoni da yawa suna la'akari da ɗaliban postsecondary / koleji daga shekaru 17 zuwa 25 da ke shiga wasanni don zama "matasa".

Sport is one of the most popular activities among youth all over the world. The most popular sports are association football, basketball, running and swimming.&#x5B;**&#x5D;  In 2008, a United Nations-sponsored report on "Sport for Development and Peace" stated:

: Wasanni na iya ba da gudummawa sosai ga ƙoƙarin ƙasa da ƙasa, na ƙasa da na gida don ba yara farawa mai kyau. Wasanni na iya taimaka wa waɗanda ba su sami kyakkyawar farawa ba, da kuma samar da matasa da bayanai, ƙwarewa, albarkatun mutum da zamantakewa, da tallafin da ake buƙata don yin mahimman sauye-sauyen rayuwa cikin nasara.

## Fa'idodin wasanni

Kasancewa cikin wasannin da aka tsara a lokacin ƙuruciya[ana tsakiyar hujja] da samartaka na da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci ga lafiyar jiki, tunani, da zamantakewa. Shirye-shiryen haɓaka matasa na tushen wasanni a wajen makaranta suna haɓaka nau'ikan koyo da haɓaka ƙwarewar rayuwa. Shiga cikin wasannin motsa jiki na matasa yana ƙarfafa matasa su yi rayuwa mai kyau da farin ciki, da barin al'amuran gama gari da yawancin matasa ke fuskanta kamar kiba da damuwa. [maganin likitanci da ake buƙata] Duk da haka, shigar da wasanni ya wuce kiwon lafiya, wasu fa'idodi suna ba su damar haɓakawa da ƙarfafa alaƙa masu tasiri, koya wa matasa darajar inganta kansu akan cin nasara, yadda za su kasance masu gasa a cikin al'umma mai gasa, da kuma yin aiki a al'ada tare da takwarorinsu da hukumomi daban-daban[1]. A cikin aji, ɗaliban makarantar sakandare-'yan wasa ba su da yuwuwar barin makaranta kuma kashi 15% sun fi zuwa kwaleji.[2]

Yin wasanni yana inganta lafiyar matasa ta jiki da ta motsin rai kuma yana gina haɗin zamantakewa mai mahimmanci. Har ila yau, yana ba da dama don wasa da bayyana kansu musamman ga waɗancan matasa da ba su da wasu dama. Wasanni kuma yana aiki ne a matsayin hanyar da ta dace da ayyukan da ke da lahani kamar shan miyagun ƙwayoyi, da kuma shiga cikin aikata laifuka. Baya ga mutum, shiga wasanni yana yanke shingen da ke raba al'ummomi, yana mai da shi kayan aiki mai ƙarfi don tallafawa rigakafin rikice-rikice a alamance a matakin duniya kuma kusan a cikin al'ummomin.

## Sadarwa a cikin wasanni
Sadarwa tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaba da nasarar shirye-shiryen wasanni na matasa. Sadarwa mai inganci tsakanin 'yan wasa matasa, masu horar da su, da iyaye suna inganta haɗin kai, suna sauƙaƙa ci gaban ƙwarewa, kuma suna haifar da yanayin da ke inganta ci gaban jiki, zamantakewa, da motsin rai.

### Nau'o'in Sadarwa a Wasanni
Sadarwar magana ta haɗa da umarni kai tsaye, ra'ayoyi, jawabai masu motsawa, da tattaunawa. Ya kamata ya kasance a bayyane, taƙaitacce, kuma ya dace da shekaru da matakin fahimta na 'yan wasa. Sadarwa ba tare da magana ba, ƙunshe, yaren jiki, bayyanar fuska, alamu, da kuma hulɗa da ido, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don ƙarfafa saƙonnin magana, nuna tausayi da haɓaka dangantaka da 'yan wasa.

Rubuce-rubucen sadarwa sun haɗa da amfani da tsare-tsaren horo, siffofin ra'ayoyi, imel, da sauran kayan rubuce-rubi don isar da bayanai. Irin wannan sadarwa yana tabbatar da cewa an rubuta muhimman bayanai kuma ana iya mayar da su don inganta fahimta da daidaito

### Shirye-shiryen Sadarwa Mai Inganci
Kocin da 'yan wasa ya kamata su horar da sauraron juna don tabbatar da fahimtar juna da girmamawa. Wannan ya haɗa da ba da cikakken kulawa, amincewa da saƙonni, da kuma samar da amsoshin da suka dace. Karfafa kyawawan halaye da nasarori yana taimakawa wajen gina amincewa da motsawa tsakanin 'yan wasan matasa. Ci gaba da daidaito da nuna gaskiya a cikin sadarwa yana taimakawa wajen gina amincewa da amintacce a cikin ƙungiyar. Haɗakar da kayan taimako na gani kamar zane-zane, bidiyo, da zanga-zangar na iya inganta fahimta da riƙe bayanai.

## Damuwa game da shiga wasanni
Adadin masu barin aiki ya kai kololuwa a cikin shekarun matasa. Dalilin da ya fi muhimmanci na rashin yin wasanni shine "ba su da isasshen lokaci," "babu sha'awa kuma," da "sauran ayyukan nishaɗi".

### Kwarewar da ba ta dace ba
Za'a iya ƙirƙirar ƙwarewar da ba ta dace ba ta hanyar wasanni da aka mayar da hankali sosai ga gasa da cin nasara a kowane fanni ko kuma wanda ya kasa sanya ci gaban matasa mai lafiya a tsakiyar kwarewar. Irin waɗannan abubuwan da ba su da kyau na iya haifar da ƙarancin girman kai na saurayi, ya haɗa su da dangantaka mara kyau, ya ƙarfafa ƙwarewar wasanni mara kyau, ba da izinin tashin hankali da tashin hankali, ya ba da izini ga wariyar launin fata, ya ci gaba da nuna bambancin jinsi, ko kuma ya fallasa su ga cin zarafin tunani, jima'i da kasuwanci. Yawancin waɗannan abubuwan da ba su da kyau za a iya kauce wa su lokacin da aka zaɓi iyaye da masu horar da su a hankali, tabbatar da cewa shirye-shiryen suna ba da ƙwarewar ci gaba mai kyau ga matasa. Dangane da shaidar abubuwan da ba su dace ba a wasanni ga matasa da yawa, musamman matasa masu karamin karfi, matasa masu launi, matasa masu kiba, da matasa na LGBTQ, ci gaban matasa na wasanni (SBYD) ya fito. Ci gaban matasa na wasanni shine ka'idar da kuma aiki don shirye-shirye don sanya lafiyar hankali da ta jiki na matashi akan nasarar su ta wasanni. Shirye-shiryen da ke amfani da SBYD don bayyana ayyukan shirye-shirye da horar da ma'aikatan gabaɗaya suna ba da shirye-shiryen kyauta ko rage farashin don rage shingen da matasa masu karamin kuɗi ke fuskanta yayin wasa wasanni. Wadannan shirye-shiryen galibi ana samun su a unguwanni masu karamin karfi da marasa kulawa, amma duk wani kocin wasanni ko shirin wasanni na iya amfani da ka'idodin SBYD.

### Raunin da ya samu
Raunin ya kasance abin damuwa dangane da wasanni amma matasa suna da saukin kamuwa da rauni idan aka yi la'akari da tsarin tsokoki da ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma karuwar horo mai tsanani. A cewar Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka na Amurka, shiga cikin wasanni da aka shirya yana ƙaruwa. Kusan yara da matasa miliyan 30 suna shiga wasanni na matasa kawai a Amurka. Wannan karuwar shiga wasanni ya haifar da wasu kididdiga masu ban mamaki, 'yan wasan makarantar sakandare sun kai kimanin raunin miliyan 2, ziyarar likita 500,000, da kwantar da mutane 30,000 a asibiti a kowace shekara. Mafi yawan raunin da ya shafi wasanni tsakanin matasa shine karyewa, ƙwayar tsoka, raunin ƙashi ko tsiro, da raunin amfani da yawa.

Kwarewar wasanni na farko ya kasance na yau da kullun tsakanin yara da matasa a wasan motsa jiki, yin iyo, nutsewa da wasan motsa jiki na mutum, musamman idan suna da burin kasancewa masu gasa a matakan ƙwararru. Ba tare da wata shakka ba, babban manufar 'yan wasa su ƙware a wasanni shine su zama dan wasa mafi kyau don kara damar da za su iya zuwa manyan wasanni ko kuma su zama' yan wasa masu daraja. Abin takaici, bayanan ba su tabbatar da cewa ƙwarewa a matsayin matashi zai isa ya sa yaro ya zama mai tsere mai nasara daga baya (Latorre-Roman, Pinillos, & Robles, 2018). An gano 'yan wasan matasa da ba su da ƙwarewa don nunawa a duk faɗin wasanni da sauran fa'idodi waɗanda' yan wasan ƙwarewa ba su amfana ba.  (Rugg, Kador, Feley, & Pandya, 2018). Bincike ya goyi bayan cewa rage ƙwarewa a ƙuruciya zai rage yawan raunin da 'yan wasan ke samu yayin da suke ƙara lokutan wasa da tsawon aikin idan aka kwatanta da' yan wasan da suka ƙware a matsayin matasa (Rugg, Kador, Feley, & Pandya, 2018). Duk da haka, ƙwararrun 'yan wasa suna da yawa fiye da waɗanda suka kasance' yan wasa da yawa saboda ka'idojin da mutane ke sanyawa a wasanni da kuma yadda aikin wasanni zai iya zama mai daraja. Yayinda 'yan wasa matasa ke nuna ƙwarewa a matakan da suka fi girma fiye da takwarorinsu tun suna ƙanana, iyaye, masu horar da 'yan wasa da kansu suna mai da hankali kan wannan wasan don amfani da ƙwarewarsu ta halitta. Iyaye, masu horar da 'yan wasa ya kamata su san cewa nuna alkawari a wasanni tun daga ƙuruciya ba ya tabbatar da nasarar gaba yayin da matakan gasa ke tashi kuma mai wasan yana tasowa a matsayin mutum (Latorre-Roman, Pinillos, & Robles, 2018).

Da yake lura da cewa ƙwarewa a cikin wasanni tun yana ƙarami ba ya tabbatar da nasara, yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa ƙwarewar wasanni a cikin matasa na iya haifar da raunin rauni mafi girma a duk lokacin wasan motsa jiki (Mcguine et al., 2017). Bincike ya gano cewa 'yan wasan makarantar sakandare da suka kware a wasanni daya suna iya samun rauni fiye da' yan wasan da ke buga wasanni da yawa (Mcguine et al., 2017). Bugu da ƙari, ɗaliban da aka rarraba su don yin wasanni masu matsakaici an gano suna da rauni kaɗan fiye da waɗanda suka ƙware a ɗaya kawai (McGuine et al., 2017) Wannan yana taimakawa wajen jaddada muhimmancin bambancin wasanni a cikin 'yan wasan matasa da tasirinsa akan hana raunin. Da yake duban ƙwarewar wasanni da zurfi, masu bincike sun ba da shawarar cewa 'yan wasa, masu horar da su, da iyaye suna sa ido kan ƙimar shiga mako-mako, kowane wata, da na shekara-shekara ga' yan wasan matasa a wasanni guda (Post et al., 2017) Gabaɗaya an gane cewa' yan wasa bai kamata su shiga cikin fiye da watanni 8 na motsa jiki mai tsanani ba kuma ba fiye da shekarun ɗan wasa a cikin sa'o'o'i na motsa jiki a mako (post et al., 2017). Har ila yau, masana sun ba da shawarar cewa duk 'yan wasa su shiga cikin ayyukan wasanni iri-iri, gami da ayyukan wasanni marasa tsari kamar wasa a waje, har zuwa akalla shekaru 15. '

### Kasancewa da yawa
Iyaye da shirye-shiryen wasanni sun tura 'yan wasan matasa don horar da su da yawa da kuma ba da lokaci da kuɗi mai yawa ga wasanni. Wasu matasa sun ba da rahoton buga wasanni takwas a kowane mako, wani lokacin da fatan samun daya daga cikin 'yan karatun jami'a. Barci, aikin makaranta, lokacin iyali, da sauran ayyukan al'ada ana sadaukar da su ga wasanni.

Wasu kasashe kalilan sun fara tsara shirye-shiryen wasanni don rage wannan matsala. Finland, wacce ke da rikodin waƙa mai ƙarfi a wasannin Olympics, ana ganinta a matsayin abin koyi. A cikin 2018, bayan mutuwar wani dan wasan da ya gaji amma ya gaji, gwamnatin Puerto Rico ta buƙaci a tsara dukkan shirye-shiryen wasanni na matasa. A karkashin dokokin farko a Puerto Rico, yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 9 ba za su iya yin wasa a gasa ba ko kuma a hukumance su ci gaba da ci, kuma matasa 'yan kasa le shekaru 16 ba za su kasa yin wasanni fiye da uku a kowane mako ba. Ya zuwa 2020, akwai ra'ayi mai yawa cewa tsarin gabaɗaya dole ne ya canza, amma shirye-shirye a kowane wasanni da aka tsara, da kuma masu horar da su da sauran ma'aikatan da albashinsu ya dogara da gudanar da waɗannan gasa masu riba da ƙungiyoyin tafiye-tafiye masu tsada, suna neman izinin keɓancewa wanda zai ba da damar kasuwancin su ci gaba kamar yadda yake a baya.

## Rashin daidaito a wasanni

### Matsayi na zamantakewa
Kasashen Kudancin Duniya suna da karancin damar yin wasanni saboda siyasar kasashensu ba su da albarkatun da za su sami nishaɗi da nishaɗi suna rinjayar rayuwarsu. Yara a cikin ƙasashen Kudu na Duniya ba su da damar halartar makaranta inda yawancin wasanni da aka shirya ke faruwa. Shirye-shiryen wasanni a cikin al'umma suna ba da yara da talauci, jinsi, nakasa, rushewar iyali, asalin kabilanci da rikici da iyali, aikata laifuka da sauran rashin dama.

A cikin ƙasashen Arewacin Duniya, tsarin wasanni na matasa mai rikitarwa yana buƙatar mahimman albarkatu kamar lokaci, samun dama, da kuɗi don bunkasa a matsayin ɗan wasa da yin gasa. Kudin kudi da ke tattare da sauƙaƙe wasanni da aka shirya a matakin ƙwararru ya kasance daga matsakaicin 'yan dubban daloli a kowace shekara, zuwa sama da dala 20,000 a kowace shekara a wasu wasanni. Saboda wadannan dalilai na kudi, shiga ba zai yiwu ba ga mafi yawan yara da ke girma a cikin iyalai masu karamin karfi.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wasanni na matasa sun zama masu tsada a Amurka. Nauyin kudi na wasanni da aka shirya ya karu, kuma yara daga iyalai masu karamin karfi ba su da damar shiga. Abinda ya fi girma game da ko yaro zai fara buga wasanni masu kyau, shi ne ko kudin shiga na gida ya wuce $ 100,000 a kowace shekara.

### Jima'i

Yanayin jinsi sau da yawa yana farawa tun yana ƙarami inda ake koyar da yara maza da mata suyi hali daban kuma su shiga wasu ayyukan. Duk da yake babu wata shakka cewa shiga wasanni na 'yan mata ya tashi sosai a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, Rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi a wasanni na matasa har yanzu yana nan. Manufar "rabuwa amma daidai" na jinsi a cikin wasanni na matasa yana da yawa a cikin al'umma kuma saɓani da ke tattare da dabarun da ke turawa ga daidaito na mutum da rarraba jinsi. Kasancewar wasanni na kungiya ya kai kololuwa a shekara 11 kuma shiga wasanni ta 'yan mata yana da yawa kuma yana ci gaba da ƙaruwa. Koyaya, yawan shiga cikin yara maza da mata a wasanni na ƙungiya yana raguwa.

'Yan mata sun fi shiga wasanni daga baya fiye da yara maza kuma sun fi shiga cikin gaisuwa, rawa, tsalle-tsalle na gasa da volleyball yayin da yara maza ke mannewa da wasanni na gargajiya kamar baseball, kwando da kwallon kafa. Ko ta yaya game da wasanni, fa'idodin shiga sun kasance. Tare da wannan ya ce, bambancin jinsi a kudancin duniya ya fi na arewacin duniya girma bisa ga muhimman alaƙar iko da imani na Addini, musamman a cikin al'ummomin musulmai a ƙasashe kamar Bosnia, Masar, Morocco, Iran, Iraki, Siriya da Turkiyya. Ga mutane da yawa, addini hanya ce ta rayuwa inda aka gina cibiyoyin wasanni da ilimi ta hanyar al'adu da addini, da kuma siyasa, zamantakewa, da tattalin arziki.

### Rarrabawar sararin samaniya
Rashin shiga cikin wasanni a kudancin duniya da arewacin duniya na iya zama saboda karancin ilimin jiki, rashin kudi, 'yan wuraren wasanni da ƙananan kayan aiki kuma babu damar karbar bakuncin manyan wasanni a kudanci na duniya. Sauran iyakoki ga mutanen da ke zaune a wasu ƙasashe na iya haɗawa da rashin sufuri mai sauƙi, ilimi da rashin fahimtar wasanni. Har ila yau, akwai shingen zamantakewa da al'adu da yawa da matasa da ke zaune a kudancin duniya ke fuskanta wanda ke tasiri ga shiga wasanni. Wasu daga cikin wadannan sune addini, al'adu da harshe.

## The Shirye-shiryen wasanni na matasa

Yawancin lokaci akwai nau'ikan shirye-shiryen wasanni na matasa guda biyu. Ɗaya daga cikin makarantu ne ke tallafawa ɗayan kuma sassan nishaɗi da hukumomin birni ne ke tallafa wa ɗayan. Gabaɗaya shirye-shiryen da ake tallafawa makaranta suna da ƙwararrun masu horarwa da wuraren sadaukarwa don wasanninsu amma wannan ba koyaushe ba ne. Abubuwan da ake buƙata don masu horar da shirye-shiryen da ake tallafawa makaranta sun bambanta daga jiha zuwa jiha, amma ma'auni ga babban kocin babban wasanni yawanci takardar shaidar koyarwa ce, tare da wasu kwarewar kocin da horo. Shirye-shiryen wasanni na matasa da ba na makaranta ba suna aiki a wata hanya daban kuma suna amfani da masu sa kai a matsayin masu horar da su. Dole ne su sami wuraren da za su yi motsa jiki kamar wuraren motsa jiki. Matasa a cikin waɗannan shirye-shiryen ana sanya su ko kuma ana tsara su zuwa ƙungiyoyi daban-daban dangane da shirin.

An gano kungiyar Sport for Development and Peace a cikin binciken da Simon Darnell ya yi don samun sakamako mai kyau a kan yara maza masu shekaru goma sha biyu da ke shiga cikin shirin ta hanyar inganta gudanar da lokaci da alhakin mutum. Wannan ya taimaka wa yara maza su shiga cikin burin sarrafa kansu da ake buƙata a cikin al'ummomin Neoliberal. Yanayin wasanni a cikin kansa ya kuma nuna shugabannin da waɗanda ke son yin sadaukarwa saboda ƙungiyarsu da iyalansu.

Shirin Al'adu, Ilimi, Wasanni da Da'a (CESEP) shiri ne na kasa da kasa don shigar da malamai da dalibai daga kasashe da al'adu daban-daban a cikin tattaunawar wasanni masu lafiya. Wannan shirin yana neman ƙirƙirar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin malamai, ɗalibai a ƙarƙashin 18, da masu ba da shawara don musayar ra'ayoyi game da wasanni da al'adu a cikin shirin ilimi.

Shirin Wasannin Wasannin Wasano na Duniya don Bege, wanda ke Lusaka, Zambia, yana inganta ci gaban wasanni na kasa ta hanyar shirya wasannin wasanni, sansani da asibitoci. Suna shirya tarurruka ga masu horar da masu gudanar da wasanni da kuma ayyukan ci gaban al'umma. Shirin yana da bangare na ilimi game da muhimman batutuwan al'umma, gami da karfafawa 'yan mata, shiga cikin jama'a, HIV / AIDS, zazzabin cizon sauro da sauran batutuwan kiwon lafiya ga' yan wasa da jama'a gaba ɗaya. Cibiyar tana ba da filayen wasanni na cikin gida da na waje, ɗakunan ajiya, dakin motsa jiki, zauren dambe, ɗakunan karatu da wasanni iri-iri.

## Wasanni da zakarun

* Wasannin Matasa na Asiya
* Bikin Wasannin Olympics na Matasan Australiya
* Wasannin Matasa na Commonwealth
* Bikin Wasannin Olympics na Matasa na Turai
* IAAF_World_Youth_Championships_in_Athletics" id="mwARI" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="IAAF World Youth Championships in Athletics">Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Matasa ta IAAF a Wasanni, wanda IAAF ta shirya a kowace shekara 2
* Wasannin Olympics na Matasa

## Dubi kuma

* Wasanni masu son
* Godiya gaisuwa
* Wasanni na kwaleji
* Wasanni na kasa da shekaru 18
* Wasanni na matasa a Amurka

## Manazarta