Alexander Grigoriev

: *Ga wasu mutane masu wannan sunan, duba Alexander Grigoriev (disambiguation).*

**Alexander Grigoriev, ɗan Lykov** () (1634? - bayan 1676) ya Rasha igwa da kuma bellfounder.

## Sana'a

### Aikin farko, gujewa annoba
A shekara ta 1651, Alexander Grigoriev aka karɓa zuwa Moscow igwa Yard a matsayin "kararrawa mutum" (колокольное лицо) a cikin shawarwarin da wani bellmaker Yemelyan Danilov da kuma yawan Muscovite cannonmakers. Ba da da ewa, Grigoriev da aka bai bakwai apprentices, wanda zai recast da Gaske Shelar Bell (Благовестный колокол) ga Church of Saint Antipius a Moscow da kuma jefa shida kayayyakin ƙararrawa karrarawa ga sauran birãnensu. A cikin shekarar 1654, Alexander Grigoriev da Feodor Motorin an aika su Novgorod, inda za su jefa ƙararrawa mai nauyin tan 16 don Saint Sophia Cathedral. Aikinsu a Novgorod ya ba su damar tserewa daga ƙaddarar Muscovites 150,000, waɗanda za su mutu daga annobar kumburin a waccan shekarar.

Bayan dawowarsa Moscow a shekara ta 1655, Grigoriev ya gaji marigayin Yemelyan Danilov kuma ya ci gaba da aikinsa kan ƙirƙirar ƙararrawa mafi mahimmanci a cikin ƙasar, wato Babbar Tsammani (kimanin tan 160), wanda aka rushe kafin lokacin bikin addini. Babban aikin yin simintin wannan kararrawa ya faru ne a cikin Kremlin Moscow daga watan Mayu har zuwa karshen faduwar. Da yawa daga cikin masu koyon aikin Grigoriev sun shiga cikin wannan aikin, wanda wasu za su zama sanannun masu yin bell (Khariton Ivanov, Pyotr Stepanov, Fyodor Dmitriyev). Za a rataye Babban Hasken Bell a cikin shekara ta 1668 kawai a cikin ginin katako na katako. An rasa kararrawa a cikin gobarar Kremlin a shekara ta 1701. Its karfe da aka yi amfani da daga baya ga zaben 'yan wasa na Tsar Bell.

A cikin shekara ta 1655, Alexander Grigoriev ya kafa ƙarar ƙararrawa don Hasumiyar Frolovskaya (Spasskaya) na Moscow Kremlin (kimanin tan 3) ta amfani da ragowar ƙararrawa da ƙara nauyi daga 150 zuwa 194 poods. A cikin shekara ta 1656, Alexander Grigoriev da Feodor Motorin an aika su zuwa Iversky Monastery a Valdai, inda zasu jefa kararrawa mai nauyin tan 11.5 bisa buƙatar Sarki Nikon. Ƙararrawa ba ta tsira ba har zuwa yau. Labarin yana da, duk da haka, Alexander Grigoriev ya ba da sauran tagulla ga mataimakansa na gida, yana haifar da al'adar yin sanannen ƙaramin ƙararrawa na Valdai (Валдайские колокольчики).

### Matsayi a matsayin maigida
A cikin shekara ta 1657, ya jefa ƙararrawa mai nauyin ton 0.75 don Kotelniy ryad (Котельный ряд; ɗayan slobodas a Moscow). A cikin 1665, Alexander Grigoriev ya kafa ƙararrawa mai nauyin ton 5 don gidan sufi na Simonov, wanda rubutun ya kira shi "masani da maigidan jihar" a karon farko. A cikin 1668, ya jefa mafi kyawun kararrawa, watau Babban Sanarwa Bell, don gidan sufi na Savvino-Storozhevsky kusa da Zvenigorod, wanda za a yi la'akari da mafi kararrawa a Rasha. An kuma yi aikin a cikin kwanaki 130 (ɗan gajeren lokaci a waɗannan kwanakin). A kan wannan kararrawa, Tsar Alexis Na ba wa maigidan lada da babban mayafi tare da kudi da alawus din burodi. An ce Feodor Chaliapin ya kasance yana jin daɗin sautin Babban kararrawa. Abin baƙin cikin shine, an farfasa ƙararrawa a cikin 1941 yayin da Soviets ke ƙoƙarin ɗaukar ta saboda barazanar sojojin Jamus da ke gabatowa.

### Makomar gidansa
An ambaci Alexander Grigoriev na ƙarshe a cikin shekara ta 1676, lokacin da goma daga cikin ɗalibansa suka taimaki Khariton Ivanov wajen jefa harkoki goma a Tashar Cannon. Babban aikin Alexander Grigoriev ya ba masana tarihi damar yin hasashe game da wanzuwar makarantar simintin Grigoriev a ƙarni na 17. Akwai sanannun masu koyon aikin Grigoriev 21, wanda da yawa za su shahara. Bayan mutuwar Grigoriev, ɗan'uwansa Grigory Yekimov (maigidan garnet) ya gaji gidansa a cikin Pushkarskaya Sloboda, wanda daga baya zai sayar wa Feodor Motorin.

## Nassoshi