open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Allen Case

**Allen Case** (an haife shi **Alan Case Lavelle Jones**, Oktoba 8, 1934  - Agusta 25, 1986) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na talabijin na Amurka wanda aka fi sani da shi don jagorancin Mataimakin Clay McCord a NBC-TV 's *Mataimakin* (1959 – 1961) gaba da jerin na yau da kullun Henry Fonda, wanda ya karɓi babban lissafin kuɗi, amma ya bayyana ƙasa da yawa fiye da Case.

## Shekaru na farko
An haifi Case a Dallas, Texas . Iyayensa masu sayar da tufafi ne Casey Jones da Nadine Allen Jones . Ya halarci Jami'ar Southern Methodist, amma ya bar a ƙaramin shekarunsa.[1]

## Ayyuka
Bayan ya bar SMU, Case ya raira waƙa a shirin talabijin a Dallas, sannan ya zagaya a cikin kiɗa. Bayan waɗannan abubuwan, ya yi tafiya zuwa New York don yin sauraro don shirin *Arthur Godfrey's Talent Scouts* . 

Case ya sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da Columbia Records a shekarar 1955, kuma ya yi a cikin rikodin studio na farko na wasan kwaikwayo na Gershwins Oh,Ya, Kay!! Ya fito a wasan kwaikwayo na farko na Broadway, Reuben, Reuben . Ya kuma yi tafiya tare da kiɗa, ciki har da Kudancin Pacific, Damn Yankees, da My Fair Lady . [1]

Baya ga fitowa a cikin *Mataimakin*, : Case na ɗaya daga cikin "abokai" a kan *Arthur Godfrey da Abokansa*.

Case ya fito da talabijin sama da 30 tsakanin 1958 da 1982. Case ya yi baƙi uku a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na kotun CBS *Perry Mason*, gami da rawar da ake tuhuma Adam Conrad ya taka a cikin labarin 1964, "The Case of the Ruinous Road".

A cikin kakar 1965-1966, Case ya yi aiki tare a matsayin Frank James tare da Christopher Jones a cikin jerin ABC Western The Legend of Jesse James .  :&#x3A;&#x200A;593&#x200A; A shekara ta 1969, Case ya buga Sheriff Pat Garritt a cikin "Billy The KId" a cikin shirin talabijin "Time Tunnel. "

Ya dawo cikin litattafan kiɗa na Broadway a shekarar 1967 a matsayin jagora na uku a cikin Jule Styne da Arthur Laurents *'Hallelujah, Baby!* , kuma waƙarsa ta fito fili a cikin kundin asali.

Da yake rawar da ya taka a kan *Mataimakin*, Case ya bayyana a kansa. A shekara ta 1961, ya zo Shreveport, Louisiana, don bayyana a rediyo na KWKH da kuma rodeo, inda ya buga guitar din Johnny Horton.

A shekara ta 1977, Case ya fito ne a kan Quincy, ME a karo na biyu, "A Good Smack in the Mouth", a matsayin Stuart Harrison, mahaifin wani yaro mai gudu wanda ya haye hanyar Quincy.

A cikin 1981, Case ya buga Harold Knitzer a cikin The Life and Times of Eddie Roberts, wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin. : 600 &#x3A;&#x200A;600&#x200A;

## Bayyanar talabijin

## Ayyukan kasuwanci
A ƙarshen shekarun 1960, Case ya shiga kasuwancin masana'antar riguna na fata ga maza. Furs da aka yi amfani da su a cikin riguna sun haɗa da wolf, Norwegian seal, muskrat, da sheared rabbit. Farashin ya kasance daga $ 350 zuwa $ 1,250 . 

## Rayuwa ta mutum
A ranar 22 ga Satumba, 1961, Case ta auri Bobbie Jones. Suna da 'yar, kuma sun sake aure a ranar 27 ga Yuni, 1979. 

## Mutuwa
Yayinda yake hutu, ya mutu bayan ya kamu da ciwon zuciya a Truckee, California, yana da shekaru 51. 

## Manazarta
Bidaik

Bidaik (Kazakh: Бидайы Kaddyайы Kaddo: Bıdaıyq) wani yanki ne na ƙasar Kazakhstan da Rasha a gefen Kazakhstan. Tana kusa da ƙauyen Bidaik, gundumar Ualikhanov, yankin Kazakhstan na Arewa.  Matsaloli / tsallakewa yana kan Autororoute (a 13). Duba Code - 35091400 

Yankin Rasha yana cikin Odesskoye a cikin gundumar Odessky a Omsk Oblast. Akwai tashar ƙetare iyaka a kan Rashany na Rasha ita ma, kuma duka biyun sun shude don shigar da ƙasar. 

## Siffantarwa
Mai suna bayan kauyen Bidaik wanda yake kusa. A duk iyakar a gefen Rasha gefen hanya ce ta iyakance Odesskoyye. 

Nau'in tsallakewa shine mota kawai, hali - kasa da kasa. Nau'in sufuri don tsallakan motoci na motoci ne fasinja da sufurin kaya. [

Nesa daga bidaik

Koksetha: 267 kmomsk: 114 kilomita

## Duba kuma
Kazakhstan-Russia Bordeera13 Highway (Kazakhstan)

## Manazarta
Hulba

###### '''Hulba'''

#### Fenugerek (/ fɛnjʊɡriːk /;  shuka ce a cikin iyalinTrigonella Foenum-Graecum) wacce ake amfani da ita a duniya a matsayin amfanin gona na rabin. Ganyenta da tsaba sune kayan abinci na yau da kullun a cikin jita-jita daga hannun jari, kuma an yi amfani da su azaman kayan abinci na masu saye tun zamanin da.  Amfani da shi azaman kayan abinci a cikin adadi kaɗan ba shi da lafiya.
Kodayake ƙarin kayan abinci na yau da kullun,  Babu wani muhimmin shaida na asibiti yana nuna cewa Fenugerek yana da kaddarorin warkewa.  Anyi amfani dashi a cikin maganin gargajiya, fenugerek na iya ƙara haɗarin mummunan tasiri, gami da rashin lafiyan halayen. 

## Manazarta
Tom Clancy''searren Rarraba Rarraba

Tom Clancy ita ce rabawa ta sake nazarin shine mai amfani da wasan kwaikwayo mai saurin buga wasan kwaikwayo na Mabiya na mutum-uku-mutum ya sa dole ne UbisoftZai faru ne a wannan duniyar da Tom Clancy ta sashen 2, kodayake zai sami labari 'yanci a wasannin biyu. 

Ya sanar da trailer a ranar 7 ga Yuli 2022,  Za a sake wasan don na'urorin da Android. [ Da farko ana tsammanin zuwa halasu a cikin 2024, Ubisoft ya jinkirta wasan zuwa ga Afrilu 2025 a farkon. 

## Manazarta
Gurin shakatawa na Patriot's

Gurin shakatawa na Patriot (Asalin da aka ambata a matsayin Brookside Park) yana kan hanyar 9 a kusa da iyaka tsakanin Terrytown, New York, Amurka. Yana da ACRE-ACRE (1.6-ha) kunshin tare da tafiya da yawa. A cikin 1982 an kara shi zuwa Rajistar wuraren tarihi. 

## Bayyani
A lokacin da aka kama yakin neman John André na Soja na British, wanda aka rikita shi, a shafin da 'yan bindiga uku. Sun sami takardu a kan wanda ya yi da ya shafa shi a cikin leken asiri Arnold, babban jami'in jami'in sojojin. Bayan an kashe wani gwajin soja André; Arnold ya koma Birtaniya kuma ya rayu sauran shekarunsa bayan yakin a Ingila.

An gina wa abin tunawa a shafin a cikin 1853, akan wadatar da wasu membobin ƙasar Amurka na yankin Amurka.  Ya kasance daya daga cikin farkon farkon mukamai don girmama duk wani taron na yakin Juyin Juya Hali. Daga baya aka fadada shi kuma an haɗa shi cikin Brookside Park, wani marigayi ci gaban zama na shekara 19 ta hanyar kamfanin ci gaba na Carrère da Hadin gwiwa. Daga baya ya zama harabar makarantu na 'yan mata biyu daban-daban, ɗayan wanda Lauren Bagall.  Ya zama filin shakatawa kuma ya ɗauki sunan sa na yanzu a tsakiyar karni na 20, kuma an rushe kofa ƙofar.

## Filaye
Filin shakatawa ne mai cin gashin kai-hudu (1.6 HA) a cikin Gabashinta na Arewa (Route 9) akan gabas ta gabas, Arewacin Washington titin yamma da Cibiyar Arewon a arewa. Kogin kudu maso yammacin yana da wasu gidaje ke ci gaba da ƙasa don Wildey Street; Lardtowown na gwamnati shine zuwa kudu maso gabas. A cikin Washinton sune mafi yawa gidaje, waɗanda ke ci gaba da shiga cikin kwaleji a arewa maso yamma. Cocin na tsinkaye tsinkaye ya ƙetare daga wurin shakatawa a kwaleji da kuma filin Arewa. Ga gabas babbar hukumar ce ta John John Pubch na John, wanda ke are hedikwatar karamar garin Terward Harden, ya kuma jera rajista na kasa. Bayan su ya gudanar da tsohon CROTEDRIC, Landalin Tarihi na Kasa. Yankunan kasuwanci na cikin gari na rashin barci ne macks sune toshe guda biyu zuwa Arewa tare da Arbarewa Arewa.

Topographically wurin shakatawa ya kunshi sau biyu ya tashi daga Yammacin Hudson na kusa da Kogin Hudson. An raba su da kunkuntar hanyar da Andre rera ta bi ta hanyar da kuma ta kuma kafa iyaka tsakanin ƙauyuka biyu, harrytown zuwa kudu da barci zuwa arewa. Theasar galibi bude ce, tare da bishiyoyi masu girma masu girma suna ba da damar inuwar su ta inuwa, a arewacin wurin shakatawa fiye da kudu.

## Manazarta
Take It Away (L.A.B. song)

Take it away"waƙa ne ta New Zealand Barry L.a.b., saki a matsayin guda daga album L.a.b. VI a watan Disamba 2022.

Kayan haɗin kai

"Kawo shi" wakar Tarzoma ce ta reggae tare da abubuwa na kiɗan dutsen.  Waƙar, tare da sauran kayan don album ɗin Band L.a.b. An rubuta VI da rubuce a tsakiyar-2022.  An rubuta waƙar a cikin guda ɗaya. 

Saki

"Cire shi" an saki shi a matsayin na jagoranci daga album na Band L.A.B. VI akan 9 Disamba 2022.  Sama da rani 2022/2023 na New Zealand, bandakin kide kide a cikin Tarrashi, Hastings, shakatawa yawon shakatawa,  ya biyo bayan balaguron Australiya da Mayu. 

Waƙar da aka tattara akan album ɗin Band ta kundin wasanni 2023 Gabatar da L.a.b., da farko an samar dashi azaman samfurin don halarta ta halarta na Turai. 

## Liyafar karatu
"Cire shi" ya lashe kyautar Single Somed Single A ranar 2023 Rolling Stone Dutse da aka jera aoteroo lambobin yabo. 

## Manazarta
Tattara 'Round (jerin talabijin)

**Gather 'Round** jerin shirye-shiryen ilimi ne da aka haɗa a tashoshin PBS da yawa daga Satumba 1, 1978, har zuwa Janairu 1, 1979, ana watsa su akai-akai a farkon shekarun 1980. Jerin ya kasance samar da CTI / Glad kuma an nuna shi galibi a lokacin watsa shirye-shiryen mako-mako a makaranta. Shirye-shiryen gabaɗaya suna gudana na minti 15 ko ƙasa da haka. Paul M Lally ne ya shirya su kuma ya nuna zane-zanen gawayi na Rae Owings. Kamar yadda Lally ya ba da labarai, Owings zai zana hotuna tare da fensir na gawayi, yana kwatanta labarin yayin da ake fadawa. Lally da Owings suma suna da alhakin aikin samar da bayanan a wasu shirye-shirye kamar Cover to Cover (wanda WETA-TV ta samar), da The Word Shop .

## Haɗin waje

* Vimeo: Puss N' Boots a kan Tattara 'Round
Masallacin Shehu Usman Sokoto

**Masallacin Shehu Usman Mujadadi da Ke Garin Sokoto** ko kuma wanda akafi sani da Masallacin Shehu Usman Dan Fodiyo dake a cikin garin Sokoto. 

## Tarihi
Masallacin Shehu Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo da ke cikin garin Sakkwato muhimmin wurin ibada ne kuma ana girmama shi ƙwarai. An kafa masallacin ne a shekara ta 1815 lokacin da Shehu Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo ya zauna a Sakkwato a sabon unguwar Sabon Birni. An gina masallacin ne a shekara ta 1815 ta hannun Muhammadu Bello, ɗan Shehu na huɗu.

Rahoton baka ya bayyana cewa an kafa wani kwamiti da aka ɗora masa alhakin gina gida da masallaci ga Shehu kamar yadda aka yi lokacin da Shehu ya zauna da Jama'ar sa a Gudu. Masallacin da aka gina a Gudu shi ne wanda aka kafa bayan da al’ummar Musulmi suka zaɓi Shehu ya zama Sarkin Musulmi, suka kuma yi masa mubaya’a. Shugaban kwamitin da aka kafa a Sakkwato shi ne Aliyu Jedo.

## Wuri
Masallacin yana a kan titin Sultan Bello cikin birnin Sokoto.
Bill Burns (anchor)

**William M. Burns** (10 ga Afrilu, 1913 - 16 ga Satumba, 1997) ɗan jaridar Amurka ne kuma mai ba da labarai na talabijin.

Burns ya kafa labarai sama da shekaru talatin (1953-1989) a Pittsburgh don KDKA, wanda shine tashar mafi girma a kasuwa.

## Ayyuka
Burns ɗan asalin Houtzdale ne, PA . Bayan ya yi aiki a yakin duniya na biyu, inda ya sami lambar yabo ta Purple Heart, Burns ya zo Pittsburgh a 1946 don yin aiki a gidan rediyo na KQV. Ya zauna a Pittsburgh tare da matarsa, kuma ma'auratan daga baya sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu, Michael da Patti.

Ya ba da rahoto ga KQV har zuwa 1953, lokacin da ya tafi aiki ga abin da ke WDTV, Channel 2 a lokacin. WDTV an samo asali ne a matsayin mai haɗin gwiwar DuMont Television Network amma ya zama mai haɗin CBS kuma ya canza haruffa kira zuwa KDKA a shekarar 1955.

Burns sanannen fuska ne ga Pittsburghers; a yawancin lokacin da yake a KDKA, ya gabatar da labarai na tsakar rana da 11 na yamma. Burns ya zama wani ɓangare na tarihin labarai lokacin da a shekara ta 1976, ya fara raba ayyukan jarida tare da 'yarta da ɗan jarida Patti Burns, wanda ya zama jarida a kansa. Haɗuwa da su, da farko an yi musu ba'a a matsayin "The Patti and Daddy Show" sun sami babban ra'ayi.

Burns ya gabatar da labarai na tsakar rana na KDKA-TV a kai a kai sama da shekaru 35 har sai da ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1989. A mafi yawan wannan lokacin, ya kuma kafa labarai na 11 na yammacin tashar, yana aiki a cikin sa'o'i 14. Har yanzu 'yan Pittsburgh suna tunawa da sanannun sa hannu daga labaran da ya yi, suna fatan masu kallo "Good night, good luck, and good news tomorrow".

Daga cikin abokan aiki, ana son Burns saboda mummunan jin daɗinsa kuma ana sha'awarsa saboda tunaninsa na kusa da cikakkun bayanai game da labarun labarai da tarihin siyasar Pennsylvania.

Bill Burns ne ya shiga cikin watsa shirye-shiryen KDKA na Mike Douglas Show a kusa da 1:40 na yamma a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba, 1963 (KDKA ta riga ta kori CBS 'As the World Turns a wannan lokacin) don bayar da rahoton harbi na Shugaba Kennedy a Dallas, Texas. Zai kasance a cikin iska na sa'o'i da yawa a wannan rana.&nbsp;

An lura da Burns saboda wani lokacin yana ba da ra'ayinsa a cikin labarin labarai, kamar lokacin da Pittsburgh Penguins suka maye gurbin sanannen tambarin "skating penguin" tare da tambarin "flying penguin". (Burns zai kira tambarin "penguin mai tashi" kurciya, kodayake ƙungiyar tun daga lokacin ta dawo da tambarin "skining penguin"). Ya kuma kasance mai saurin yin ba'a da kuma maganganu masu ban sha'awa; ya taɓa gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo na sabulu wanda ya biyo bayan labarai a matsayin "The Young and the Breastless".

Burns ya mutu a ranar 16 ga Satumba, 1997.

## Manazarta
Kwango na Crawfish

**Crawfish frog** (***Lithobates areolatus***)  wani nau'in frog ne mai matsakaici wanda ke cikin filayen da ciyawa na tsakiyar Amurka.  Yana samun sunansa saboda yana zaune a cikin burrows na crayfish mafi yawan shekara. Sun bayyana zagaye na zinariya ko baƙar fata a duk jikin su.

## Bayyanawa
Kwandon crawfish yana girma daga 2.2 zuwa 3.0 in (5.6 zuwa 7.6)&nbsp;cm) a tsayi.  Ya bambanta daga rawaya zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa, tare da farar fili. Dimbin tabo masu launin duhu a bayan *L. areolatus* kowanne yana da zobe mai launin haske a kusa da shi.  Yana da nau'in fata na daban a kowane gefe na bayansa, wanda ya fi bayyanawa a cikin maza fiye da mata, da ƙananan tympanum . 

## Halin
Ana samun kwari na Crawfish da farko a cikin alaƙa da mazaunin filayen ko ciyawa, kodayake za su kuma yi amfani da makiyaya da filayen da suka cika. Wannan nau'in yana ciyar da mafi yawan shekara tare da burin crayfish na ƙasa. *L. areolatus* yana ciyar da lokaci mai yawa a aiki kuma a sama da ƙasa har ma a kwanakin bazara masu zafi, amma ba sa ɓacewa nesa da ramin su wanda ke aiki a matsayin muhimmiyar koma baya daga masu farauta, mahimmin tushen ruwa, tserewa daga gobarar ciyawa, da kuma hanyar zuwa ƙasa da layin sanyi a lokacin hunturu. Crawfish frogs suna ciyar da kwari da sauran kananan invertebrates da ke wucewa ta ramin su.

Crawfish frog yana haifuwa bayan sauƙin, yanayin ruwan sama a tsakiyar watan Maris a duk faɗin yawancin kewayonsa (yawan yana faruwa a baya a yankin kudancin rarraba).  A wannan lokacin, maza suna neman tafkuna da wuraren da ba su da kifi kuma suna fara kira. Kira mai ƙarancin mita na iya ɗaukar fiye da mil, yana jawo mata daga yankin da ke kewaye. Da zarar mata sun isa, amplexus na iya faruwa  kuma mata suna ajiye ƙwai 7,000 a lokaci guda a cikin manyan, globular masses.  Kwayoyin suna furewa a cikin matsakaicin kwanaki 12, kuma tadpoles suna canzawa cikin froglets a cikin watanni uku ko hudu. Sabbin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta dole ne su nemi burin kifi da sauri don zama don kauce wa farauta. Crawfish frogs suna zama masu girma a cikin jima'i a shekaru biyu zuwa uku kuma suna iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru bakwai ko fiye a cikin daji.

## Yankin ƙasa

Ana samun crawfish frog a wasu sassan tsakiya da kudancin Amurka,  daga Indiya yamma zuwa Kansas, kudu zuwa Texas, da gabas zuwa Mississippi. Wannan nau'in yana da alaƙa da tsoffin yankuna inda ake samun burrows na crawfish, amma tare da tasirin asarar mazaunin tare da birni, an kawar da yawan jama'a da yawa.

A cikin 2016 an rubuta yawan jama'a a Sumter County, Alabama . 

An kara sabon rikodin gundumar a cikin 2017 a Perry County, Arkansas a cikin Dutsen Ouachita. Dubi Bayanan da ke ƙasa.

## Manazarta
Kabara, Mali

Kabara wani ƙaramin gari ne a ƙasar Mali a kan kogin Niger, tashar tashar Timbuktu. Yana da nisan kilomita 8 (5 mi) zuwa kudu da Timbuktu kuma yana haɗe da hannun kogin Neja ta hanyar magudanar kilomita 3 (2 mi). A wasu lokuta a baya an danganta garin da Timbuktu ta hanyar fadada magudanar ruwa. Duk da haka, silting da ƙananan matakan ruwa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sun sa magudanar tasha ba ta da amfani kuma tashar Kabara ba za a iya amfani da ita ba kawai a lokacin yawan ruwa.
## canal
A baya yankin da Nijar ta mamaye ya fi na yau. A cikin shekaru da yawan ruwan sama ruwan zai kai ga yammacin yammacin Timbuktu. Magudanar Koriomé daga Daï zuwa Kabara sarki Soni Ali Ber ne ya haƙa shi lokacin da ya kama Timbuktu a shekara ta 1468. Daga baya an haƙa wani tsawo da aka fi sani da "Tashar Hippopotamus" daga Kabara har zuwa Timbuktu. Ana nuna ƙaramin hanyar ruwa mai kewayawa zuwa yammacin Timbuktu akan taswirorin da Heinrich Barth suka buga a 1857 da Félix Dubois a cikin 1896.
## Manazarta
Fred Coby

Frederick G. Beckner Jr. (Maris 1, 1916 - Satumba 27, 1970) [1] ɗan fim ne kuma ɗan wasan talabijin na Amurka. [2] An san shi da wasa Pony Deal a karo na biyar na jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na yamma Amurka The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp . [1]

Coby ya mutu a ranar 27 ga Satumba, 1970, yana da shekaru 54. 

## Fim ɗin ɓangare
 

## Manazarta
Karl Lieffen

**Karl Lieffen** (17 ga Mayu 1926 - 13 ga Janairu 1999), ɗan wasan fim ne na Jamus. Ya fito a cikin fina-finai sama da 140 a kan allo da talabijin tsakanin 1949 da 1998.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife shi a Ossegg (Osek) , Czechoslovakia kuma ya halarci karatun wasan kwaikwayo a Brunswick da Heer School of Music a Bückeburg . A shekara ta 1946 ya fara aikin wasan kwaikwayo a Freiburg sannan ya yi aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Hessian State a Wiesbaden, Munich_Kammerspiele" id="mwFw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Munich Kammerspiele">Munich Kammerspiele da Opern- und Schauspielhaus Frankfurt . A shekara ta 1975 ya shiga ƙungiyar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Jihar Bavaria (Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Residenz) a Munich. Daga shekarun 1950 a kan Lieffen ya zama sananne ga jama'a da yawa saboda bayyanar fim dinsa, kamar rawar da direban Fritz ya taka a Billy Wilder's One, Two, Three . Ya mutu a Starnberg, Jamus.[1]

## Hotunan da aka zaɓa
 

## Manazarta
Fennel

## '''Fennel'''

Fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare) shine nau'in tsirrai na fure a cikin dangin karas.  Yana da Hardy, perennial ganye  tare da furanni rawaya da ganyayyaki feathery.  Yana da asali a cikin bakin teku na Bahar Rum amma ya yi yalwatacce sosai a yawancin sassan duniya, musamman a kan busassun ƙasa kusa da bakin tekun teku da kan Kogin teku.

Ganyayyaki ne mai danshin ganye da yawa a cikin dafa abinci da, tare da aniginyaran mai ɗanɗano, yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan girke-girke na Abincinthe. Florence Fennel ko Finocchio (UK: / -noʊkioʊ /, US: / -noʊk- /, Italiyanci: Wani lokacin da ake kira Bennel Fennel)

## '''Manazarta'''
A. G. Drachmann

**Aage Gerhardt Drachmann** (ranar 22 ga Oktoba, 1891 – ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1980) shi ne ɗan ƙasar Denmark mai aiki a dakin karatu kuma mai tarihi na kimiyya da fasaha, ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana na karni na 20 game da fasahar na tsohuwar Girka da Roma. Ya rubuta littattafai da yawa game da fasahar na tsohuwa, kuma ya sami kyautar Leonardo da Vinci Medal a shekara ta 1971.

## Rayuwar farko
Aage Gerhardt Drachmann an haife shi a ranar 22 ga Oktoba, 1891, a Copenhagen, Denmark. Shi ne ɗan ƙaramin ɗan ƙasar Denmark mai tarihi na al'adun Girka Anders Bjørn Drachmann (1860–1935) da malamai Ellen Sophie Drachmann (née Bentzon, 1866–1948).

## Ilimi
Ya karanta ilimin al'adun Girka da Turanci a Jami'ar Copenhagen daga 1909 zuwa 1915. Ya sami digiri na PhD a 1948, tare da lissafin sa game da iska na tsohuwa.

## Ayyuka
Ya yi aiki a dakin karatu na Jami'ar Copenhagen daga 1917 zuwa 1956, inda ya zama babban mai kula da dakin karatu a 1943. A 1926–1927, ya shafe watanni tara a Amurka a matsayin ɗan ƙaramin ƙasar Scandinavian Foundation, inda ya yi aiki a John Crerar Library da Library of Congress, kuma ya gabatar da hanyoyin aiki na Amurka a dakin karatu, ciki har da yin kwafi. Ya yi ritaya a 1956 don mai da hankali ga bincike.

Ya gyara Index Medicus Danicus, wani maƙalar littattafan likita na Danish, daga 1928 zuwa 1949. Ya kasance editan mujallar Centaurus a shekarun 1950, inda yawancin rubuce-rubucen sa aka buga.

Bincikensa ya mai da hankali kan likita, kimiyya ta dabi'a, da fasaha a zamanin tsohuwa, tare da haɗa nazarin rubutu da gwaje-gwajen injiniya na zahiri.

## Ayyukansa
* *Ledetraad i Biblioteksarbejde for Ikke-Fagmænd* (1931)
* *Ancient Oil Mills and Presses* (1932)
* *Ktesibios, Philon and Heron: A Study in Ancient Pneumatics* (1948, lissafin PhD)
* *Mechanical Technology of Greek and Roman Antiquity: A Study of the Literary Sources* (1963)
* *Cæsars Bro over Rhinen* (1965)
* *Grosse griechische Erfinder* (1967)
* *De Navngivne Sværd i Saga: Sagn og Folkevise* (1967)
* *Hævnmotivet i Kiplings Fortællinger* (1969)
* *Lægæst og hans Guldhorn* (1972)

Ya ba da gudummawa ga labarai a *Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft* da *Dictionary of Scientific Biography*.

## Kyaututtuka
Ya sami Leonardo da Vinci Medal a 1971 don iliminsa a tarihi na fasaha.

## Rayuwar sirri
Ya kasance mutum mai aurewa duk rayuwarsa. Ya yi nazari kan adabin Turanci, tatsuniyoyi na Danish, da ilimin tsuntsaye.

## Nuni

## Ƙarin karatu
* Huldén, Bjarne; Larsen, Kate; Pedersen, Olaf (1985). "Aage Gerhard Drachmann (1891–1980): A Bibliography". *Centaurus*. 28 (2): 102–107. .
Henry Spencer Ashbee

Henry Spencer Ashbee (21 Afrilu 1834 - 29 Yuli 1900) mai tattara littafi ne, marubuci kuma marubuci. Ya shahara saboda ƙaƙƙarfan littafinsa na sirri mai girma uku na littattafan batsa da aka buga a ƙarƙashin sunan Pisanus Fraxi.

## Farkon rayuwa
An haifi Ashbee a Southwark, London, ɗan Robert da Frances Ashbee (an haifi Spencer). Ya zama babban abokin tarayya a reshen London na kamfanin Charles Lavy & Co. Ya yi tafiye-tafiye da yawa a lokacin rayuwarsa, ciki har da Turai, Japan, da San Francisco, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da masanin injiniya Alexander Graham akan Tafiya a Tunisiya, wanda aka buga a 1887. Ashbee ta auri Elisabeth Lavya shekara ta 1862. Elizabeth (1841–1919) diyar Edward Otto Charles Lavy ce, wacce ta kafa kamfanin Hamburg a 1838. Elizabeth Charles Lavy (1842-1928) ya gaji kamfani kuma ya zama ɗan siyasa a Jamus.

Ashbees suna da ɗa ɗaya, Charles (mai tsarawa Charles Robert Ashbee, an haife shi 1863), da 'ya'ya mata uku. Rayuwar iyalinsa ta yi girma ba tare da jin daɗi ba yayin da yake tsufa. Yayin da ya zama mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, iyalinsa sun bi tsarin ci gaba na wannan zamani. "Ilimin 'ya'yansa mata ya fusata shi, furucin matarsa ​​Bayahudiya ya fusata shi, kuma ya rabu da ɗansa ɗan luwaɗi na gurguzu, Charles" . Henry da Elisabeth sun rabu a shekara ta 1893.An binne Henry Spencer Ashbee a makabartar Green Kensal

## Tarin littattafai
Ashbee ya kasance mai tattara littattafai, tare da watakila mafi yawan tarin Miguel de Cervantes da lalata. Dangantakar abokantaka da jami'in diflomasiyyar Beljiyam Joseph Octave Delepierre ya yi tasiri, tarin abubuwan batsa ya ci gaba da sayayya a Amsterdam, Brussels, da Paris.Ashbee wani sashe ne na 'yan uwantaka masu hankali na Ingilishi waɗanda suka tattauna al'amuran jima'i tare da buɗe ido wanda ya yi hannun riga da ma'anar Victorian; wannan ƴan uwan ​​sun haɗa da Richard Francis Burton, Richard Monckton Milnes, Algernon Charles Swinburne da sauransu. Ya kuma tara dubban kundin batsa a cikin harsuna da yawa. Ya rubuta game da jima'i a ƙarƙashin sunayen 'Fraxinus' (Ash) da "Apis" (Kudan zuma) kuma wani lokaci ya haɗa su a matsayin "Pisanus Fraxi".

Ashbee's zai bar dukan tarin littafinsa zuwa gidan tarihi na Biritaniya, tare da sharaɗin cewa dole ne a karɓi ayyukan batsa tare da ƙarin abubuwan al'ada. Domin masu kula da gidan kayan gargajiya suna son kayan da ke da alaƙa da Cervantes, sun yanke shawarar karɓar dukan wasiƙar amma ba tare da jinkiri ba. An ba wa amintattu damar lalata kowane ɗayan littattafan idan sun riga sun sami kwafi, amma a cikin taron ya wuce gaba kuma ya lalata akwatuna shida "na al'amura masu banƙyama waɗanda ba su da wata fa'ida ko sha'awa ko ta yaya" gami da samar da jima'i na Victoria mai rahusa.Ragowar ayyukan batsa sun zama jigon shari'ar masu zaman kansu waɗanda aka ɓoye daga masu karatu a cikin ɗakin karatu na Biritaniya shekaru da yawa; sun haɗa da aikin William Simpson Potter.(Dubi kuma Secretum).

## Manazarta
Asger Aaboe

**Asger Hartvig Aaboe** (ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 1922 – ranar 19 ga Janairu, 2007) shi ne ɗan ƙasar Denmark-Amurka mai tarihi na kimiyya da lissafi, wanda ya fi shahara saboda bincikensa kan ilimin falaki na tsohuwar Babila da Girka. Ya ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga fahimtar tsarin lissafi da falaki na al'adun tsohuwa, musamman a cikin littafinsa *Episodes from the Early History of Astronomy*.

## Rayuwar farko
Asger Aaboe an haife shi a ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 1922, a Copenhagen, Denmark. Ya girma a cikin yanayi mai goyon bayan ilimi, inda ya ji daɗin lissafi da kimiyya tun daga ƙuruciyarsa.

## Ilimi
Ya karanta lissafi a Jami'ar Copenhagen, inda ya sami digiri na farko a 1947. Bayan haka, ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Amurka, inda ya sami digiri na PhD a fannin tarihi na kimiyya daga Jami'ar Brown a 1957, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Otto Neugebauer, wani mashahurin masanin falaki na tsohuwa.

## Ayyuka
Aaboe ya shiga Jami'ar Yale a 1961, inda ya zama farfesa a Sashen Tarihi na Kimiyya da Lissafi. Ya ji daɗin bincike kan rubutun lissafi na tsohuwar Babila, wanda ya haɗa da fassarar allunan yumbu da ke ɗauke da bayanai na falaki. Ayyukansa sun ji daɗin fahimtar tsarin lissafi na al'adun Babila, musamman game da tsarin kalanda da hasashen sararin samaniya.

Ya kasance memba na Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien (Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences) da kuma American Philosophical Society. Ya buga labarai da yawa a mujallar *Centaurus*, inda ya bayyana bincikensa kan falaki na tsohuwa.

## Ayyukansa
* *Some Lunar Auxiliary Tables and Related Texts from Seleucid Babylonia* (1968)
* *Episodes from the Early History of Astronomy* (2001)
* Ya ba da gudummawa ga labarai a *Dictionary of Scientific Biography* da mujallar *Centaurus*.

## Rayuwar sirri
Aaboe ya auri Joan Armstrong, kuma sun haifi 'ya'ya huɗu. Ya zama ɗan ƙasar Amurka bayan ya ƙaura zuwa Amurka a 1950s. Ya ji daɗin adabi da tarihi a wajen aikinsa na bincike.

## Mutuwa
Asger Aaboe ya rasu a ranar 19 ga Janairu, 2007, a North Haven, Connecticut, Amurka, yana da shekaru 84.

## Nuni

## Ƙarin karatu
* Jones, Alexander (2007). "Asger Hartvig Aaboe (1922–2007)". *Isis*. 98 (4): 833–835. .
* Neugebauer, Otto (1983). *Astronomy and History: Selected Essays*. Springer. (Ya ƙunshi bayanai game da tasirin Aaboe a fannin falaki na tsohuwa).
Klaas van Berkel

**Klaas van Berkel** (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1953) masanin tarihi Holland ne, masanin tarihin kimiyya, kuma farfesa a Tarihin zamani a Jami'ar Groningen a cikin Netherlands, wanda aka sani daga aikinsa a tarihin kimiyya a cikin Netherlands, musamman aikin Isaac Beeckman, Simon Stevin da Eduard Jan Dijksterhuis.

## Rayuwa
An haife shi a Nieuwer-Amstel, Van Berkel ya yi karatun tarihi da falsafar a Jami'ar Groningen, kuma a 1983 ya sami digirinsa na PhD a Jami'an Utrecht tare da rubutun, mai taken "Isaac Beeckman (1588-1637) en de mechan ringing van het wereldbeeld" (Isaac Beecksman (1581-1637) da kuma kayan aikin ra'ayi na duniya).

Bayan haka, ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin bincike a Jami'ar Open kuma ya koyar da tarihin kimiyya a Jami'an Aikin Gona a Wageningen . A shekara ta alif 1988 an nada shi Farfesa na Tarihin zamani a Jami'ar Groningen a matsayin magajin Ernst Kossmann . Daga shekara ta alif 1992 zuwa 1999 ya kasance darektan Cibiyar Rudolf Agricola .

Tun daga shekara ta alif 1988 Van Berkel ya kuma zama edita ga mujallu da yawa kuma a cikin mukamai da kwamitoci daban-daban. A shekara ta 1997 an zabi Klaas van Berkel a matsayin memba na Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW). 

## Littattafan da aka zaɓa

* 1981, *Natuurwetenschappen van Renaissance duka Darwin. * Thema's uit de wetenschapsgeschiedenis, ya sadu da H.A.M. Snelders (ed.).
* 1983, *Isaac Beeckman (1588-1637) a cikin ma'auni na ma'aunin ma'aikatar ma'a* ma'auratan.
* 1985, *[http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/berk003voet01_01/index.htm A cikin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun van Stevin.]* . Geschiedenis van de строwetenschap in Nederland 1580-1940, Meppel: Boom.
* 1998, *Dijksterhuis: een biografie*, Bert Bakker Amsterdam.
* 1999, Tarihin kimiyya a cikin Netherlands: bincike, jigogi da tunani, tare da Albert van Helden a Lodewijk Palm, Brill Leiden .
* 2005, Academische illusies. Daga jami'ar Groningse a cikin rikici, ya shiga cikin 1930-1950 Bert Bakker, Amsterdam
* 2008, De stem van de wetenschap Geschiedenis van de Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen . *Deel I 1808-1914* Bert Bakker, Amsterdam

## Manazarta
Alain Desrosières

Alain Desrosières (18 ga Afrilu 1940 - 15 ga Fabrairu 2013) masanin lissafi ne, masanin zamantakewa kuma masanin tarihin kimiyya a Faransa, wanda aka sani da aikinsa a tarihin kididdiga. Shi ne marubucin The Politics of Large Numbers: A History of Statistical Reasoning , wanda aka buga a 1993, wanda aka fassara cikin harsuna da yawa, gami da Turanci a 1998, kuma daga baya aka sake dubawa a cikin LRB a cikin 2000.  Wannan ya bayyana asalin kididdiga a matsayin kayan aikin fasaha don gudanarwa a cikin ƙarni na 19 da 20, gami da ƙoƙarin auna ci gaban ɗan adam da tattalin arziki. Rubutun shine asusun kididdigar da amfani da su wajen cire siffofin al'umma don auna su da kuma fahimtar su, tare da takamaiman manufofi.

## Manazarta
S. Irfan Habib

**S. Irfan Habib**

Masanin tarihin kimiyya na Indiya da ilimin jama'a. Ya kasance tsohon shugaban Abul Kalam Azad a Cibiyar Tsare-tsare da Gudanar da Ilimi ta kasa. Haɗin gwiwarsa na hankali tare da Dhruv Raina a matsayin masana tarihi a Cibiyar Kimiyya, Fasaha da Nazarin Ci gaba (NISTADS), New Delhi a cikin 1990s ya ƙare a cikin buga jerin labaran bincike (wanda aka tattara a matsayin kundin mai suna Domesticating Modern Science, 2004) akan sake fasalin al'adu na kimiyyar zamani a Indiya ta mulkin mallaka. Sun kuma shirya wani juzu'i tare akan Joseph Needham (Yanayin Tarihin Kimiyya, 1999), sashin "Kimiyya a cikin Ashirin Kudu da Kudu-maso-Gabas Asiya" don juzu'i na 7 na UNESCO's History of Mankind Project, da mai karatu akan tarihin zamantakewa na kimiyya a Indiya (Social History of Science in Colonial India, 2007). A matsayinsa na marubuci, ayyukansa sun kasance ƙarƙashin liyafar mahimmiyar mahimmanci.

## Ilimi
Irfan ya yi digirinsa na digiri a tarihin Indiya na zamani kuma ya ci gaba da samun digiri na uku a kan akida da shirin masu neman sauyi a cikin shekarun 1920 na gwagwarmayar 'yanci.

## Career
Habib taught at DAV (PG) College, Bulandshahr (Meerut University) for four years before joining the National Institute of Science, Technology and Development Studies (NISTADS), New Delhi (1984–2009).[1] He held the Abul Kalam Azad Chair at the National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration, New Delhi during 2009–2016

## Manazarta
Margaret J. Osler

Margaret J. “Maggie” Osler (Nuwamba 27, 1942 – Satumba 15, 2010) ta kasance ƙwararren tarihi kuma masanin falsafa na farkon kimiyyar zamani kuma farfesa a tarihi a Jami’ar Calgary.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife ta cikin dangin Yahudawa.[1] Osler ya sami B.A. a falsafa daga Kwalejin Swarthmore a 1963, da MA (1966) da Ph.D. (1968) digiri daga Jami'ar Indiana a Tarihi da Falsafa na Kimiyya a ƙarƙashin kulawar Richard S. Westfall.Taken karatun nata shine John Locke da Wasu Matsalolin Falsafa a cikin Kimiyyar Boyle da Newton. Ta gudanar da alƙawura na koyarwa a Jami'ar Jihar Oregon, Harvey Mudd College, da Jami'ar Wake Forest kafin ta zo Jami'ar Calgary a 1975. A nan, ta samu matsayi, inda aka kara masa girma zuwa farfesa a 1995. A 1998, an nada ta adjunct farfesa a falsafa, kuma a 2002 adjunct farfesa na tarihi a Jami'ar Alberta.

## Manazarta
Gian Giacomo Bartolotti

**Gian Giacomo Bartolotti** (1491-1530) likitan Italiya ne daga Parma wanda ya yi aiki a Venice. Shi dan likitan ne Pellegrino Bartolotti, kuma dan wa na Francesco Bartolotti. Ya buga tarihin magani na lokacin, Opusculum de antiquitate medicinae.

## Rayuwa
Bartolotti yayi karatu a Bologna a 1491 kuma a Ferrara inda malamansa suka hada da Antonio Cittadini da na Sebastiano Dell'Aquila. Wataƙila ya yi aiki a matsayin likitan sojan ruwa a cikin jirgin ruwan Venetian a tsakiyar gabas. A cikin 1511-12 ya zama kafin a Collegio de' medici fisici na Venice kuma ya rayu aƙalla har zuwa 1530. Ba a san ranar mutuwar ba. An yi imani da cewa shi ne marubucin wani yanki mai suna Macaronic poetry wanda ke yin ba'a ga tsofaffin likitocin likitoci ciki har da mahaifinsa da kawunsa waɗanda suka yi imani da cewa trephining shine kawai magani ga karayar kwanyar yayin da ya kasance mai ra'ayin bin al'adar Hippocratic.

## Ayyuka
Bartolotti ya fassara, a cikin hanyar tattaunawa, rubutun da aka danganta ga Cebes, almajirin Socrates kuma ya rubuta rubutun kan tsohuwar magani Opusculum de antiquitate medicinae (ko Dell'Antica Medicina)

## Manazarta
Saghani

**Abu Hamid Ahmed ibn Mohammed al-Saghani al-Asturlabi** (Persian, wanda akalla tushe daya ya kira **Ṣāghānī**,  masanin taurari ne kuma masanin tarihin kimiyya na Farisa. Sunansa yana nufin "mai yin astrolabe na Saghan, kusa da Merv". Ya bunƙasa a Bagadaza, inda ya mutu a shekara ta 990.

## Ayyuka
Al-Asturlabi ya rubuta wasu maganganu na farko game da Tarihin kimiyya. Wadannan sun hada da kwatanci mai zuwa tsakanin "tsofaffi" (ciki har da tsoffin Babiloniyawa, Masarawa, Helenawa da Indiyawa) da "masanan zamani" (Masana kimiyya Musulmi na zamaninsa):

## Manazarta
Leon Trilling

Leon Trilling (15 ga Yuli, 1924 Białystok, Poland - Afrilu 20, 208) Farfesa Emeritus Sashen Ilimi da Faranti na Mitrovolits na Ilimi na Ilimi. Ya yi ritaya daga mit a 1994 kuma a cikin 1996, ya karbi kyautar kyautar da aka bayar na Jami'ar MIP jap na Jami'ar sa don inganta ingancin ilimi ga mutane launi. 

## Rayuwarsa ta farko da iliminsa
An haifi Triling da Regalina (Zakhejm) Triillingk, ɗan Yahudawa da ke zaune a Białystok, Poland. Kafin zuwa Amurka a 1940, dangin sun tsere zuwa Faransa a cikin 1930s. Triilling ya yi rajista a Caltech (Bs a Injiniyan Injiniya a 1944, wani malamin kimiyya a shekarar 1948, da kuma PhD a cikin Marionutics a 1948) Kuma a 1945, da kuma a 1948)

## Aiki

Ya yi shekara guda a Paris a kan wasan karatu mai zurfi bayan cin nasara a matsayin abokin bincike mai ilimi da malami. A cikin 1951, ya fara aikinsa a Mit a matsayin abokin bincike a Ma'aikatar Injin Injiniya. A cikin 1963, ya yi nazarin kuzarin gas a Jami'ar Paris a kan zumunci na Gugwenheem. Ya shiga cikin batun shirin a kimiyni, fasaha, da al'umma, sun danganta makarantar 'yan Adam, Arts, da ilimin kimiyyar zamantakewa, a 1978

## Manazarta
Dharampal

Dharampal (Hindi) (19 ga Fabrairu 1922 - 24 ga Oktoba 2006) masanin tarihin Gandiya ne, masanin tarihi, kuma mai tunani na Gandhian .  Ayyukan firamare na Dharampal sun dogara ne akan takardun da Gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta yi game da ilimin Indiya, noma, fasaha, da fasaha a lokacin mulkin mallaka a Indiya. An fi saninsa da ayyukansa The Beautiful Tree: Indigenous Indian Education in the Eighteenth Century (1983), Kimiyya da Fasaha na Indiya a cikin karni na sha takwas (1971) da Civil Disobedience and Indian Tradition (1971), a tsakanin sauran ayyukan da suka haifar da sake dubawa na al'ada, kimiyya da nasarorin fasaha na al'ummar Indiya a gaban kafa Mulkin kamfani a Indiya. Dharampal ya taimaka wajen canza fahimtar tsarin ilimin Indiya kafin mulkin mallaka.

## Manazarta
Vasily Zubov

***'Rubutu mai gwaɓi*****'Rubutu mai gwaɓi*****Rubutun tsutsa*********Vasily Pavlovich Zubov** 1 ga Agusta 1900 - 8 Afrilu 1963) ɗan ƙasar Rasha ne kuma masanin falsafar Soviet wanda ya yi rubuce-rubuce akan gine-gine, fasaha, da tarihin kimiyya bisa nazarin nassosi daga Tsakiyar Tsakiya da Renaissance. Ya sami lambar yabo ta George Sarton daga tarihin al'ummar kimiyya a 1963.
Zygmunt Zawirski

**Zygmunt Zawirski** (29 ga Yuli 1882 - 2 Afrilu 1948) ɗan falsafar Poland ne kuma masanin dabaru. Babban fannin karatunsa shi ne falsafar kimiyyar lissafi, tarihin kimiyya, dabaru masu kima da yawa da alaƙar dabaru masu kima da yawa da lissafin yiwuwar.
## Asali
An haifi Zawirski a ranar 29 ga Yuli 1882 a ƙauyen Berezowica Mała (Mala Berezovytsia) kusa da Zbarazh (yanzu Ukraine). A cikin 1928 ya zama farfesa na Jami'ar Adam Mickiewicz a Poznań kuma a cikin 1937 farfesa na Jami'ar Jagiellonian a Kraków. A 1936 ya zama editan Kwartalnik Filozoficzny ("Philosophical Quarterly"). Bayan 1945, ya kasance shugaban Krakowskie Towarzystwo Filozoficzne ("Kraków Philosophical Society"). Ya mutu a ranar 2 ga Afrilu 1948 a Końskie, Poland.
## Manazarta
Sten Lindroth

**Sten Hjalmar Lindroth** (28 Disamba 1914, a Lund - 1 Satumba 1980) masanin tarihin Sweden ne na ilmantarwa da kimiyya.

An haifi Lindroth a garin jami'ar Lund a Kudancin Sweden, amma ya girma ya tafi makaranta a Gothenburg bayan an nada mahaifinsa Hjalmar Lindroth zuwa Shugaban Harsunan Nordic a Jami'ar Gothenburg . Bayan kammala karatunsa a Gothenburg a Göteborgs projet latinläroverk, ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Uppsala a 1933 kuma daga ƙarshe ya zama dalibi na Johan Nordström, mai riƙe da Emilia da Gustaf Carlberg Chair na tarihin ra'ayoyi da ilmantarwa, na farko na irin sa a Uppsala. Lindroth daga ƙarshe ya kammala wani abu mai ban mamaki, mai shafi 500 game da tarihin paracelsianism a Sweden har zuwa tsakiyar karni na 17, wanda aka kare a 1943. A lokacin da yake dalibi ya kuma kasance mai aiki a cikin Juvenalorden da ƙungiyar ɗalibai masu sassaucin ra'ayi Verdandi, wanda ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kasa.

Ya shafe shekaru goma masu zuwa a kan tarihin hakar ma'adinai da samar da jan ƙarfe a Stora Kopparberget da tarihin masanin kimiyyar lissafi da mai kirkiro Christopher Polhem, da kuma gajerun wallafe-wallafe da yawa a kan batutuwa daban-daban na kimiyya da tarihi. A shekara ta 1957 ya gaji Nordström a matsayin Farfesa Carlberg . Littattafan da ya wallafa daga baya sun haɗa da littafi game da tarihin farko na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Sweden (1967), wanda ya zama memba a 1966, tarihin ilmantarwa na Sweden daga Zamanin Tsakiya har zuwa lokacin Gustavian (ƙararru ta huɗu da ta ƙarshe ba a gama ba amma tsohon ɗalibinsa Gunnar Eriksson ya kammala shi kuma ya gyara shi) da kuma bayyani game da tarihin Jami'ar Uppsala (1976), wanda aka buga a lokacin bikin cika shekaru 500 na jami'ar.

An zabi Sten Lindroth a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Sweden a shekarar 1968. Ɗan'uwansa Carl H. Lindroth sanannen masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne.

## Manazarta
Jan Wiktor

**Jan Wiktor Tomasz Zawidzki** (20 ga Disamba, 1866 a Włóki, Masovia Voivodeship - Satumba 14, 1928 a Warsaw) masanin kimiyyar jiki ne na Poland kuma masanin ilmin sunadarai. Ya yi bincike musamman ilimin kinetics, thermochemistry da autocatalysis.
## Asali
Kinetika chemiczna (1931)
Chemia nieorganiczna vol. 1-2 (1932-1936

## Manazarta
Donna Haraway

**Donna Haraway**

an haife shi a watan Satumba 6, 1944) farfesa ce ta Ba'amurke Emerita a cikin tarihin wayewa da sassan nazarin mata a Jami'ar California, Santa Cruz, kuma fitaccen malami a fagen nazarin kimiyya da fasaha. Ta ba da gudummawa ga haɗin gwiwar fasahar sadarwa da ka'idar mata, kuma ƙwararriya ce a cikin ilimin halin ɗan adam na zamani. Ayyukanta sun soki anthropocentrism, yana jaddada ikon tsara kai na matakai marasa ɗan adam, da kuma bincika alaƙar da ba ta dace ba tsakanin waɗannan hanyoyin da ayyukan al'adu, sake tunani tushen ɗabi'a.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Donna Jeanne Haraway a ranar 6 ga Satumba, 1944, a Denver, Colorado. Mahaifinta, Frank O. Haraway, marubucin wasanni ne na The Denver Post. Mahaifiyarta, Dorothy Mcguire Haraway, wadda ta fito daga asalin Katolika na Irish, ta mutu daga ciwon zuciya lokacin da Haraway yana da shekaru 16. Haraway ya halarci makarantar sakandare a St. Mary's Academy a Cherry Hills Village, Colorado.[13] Ko da yake ba ta da addini, Katolika yana da tasiri sosai a gare ta yayin da ’yan zuhudu suka koyar da ita a farkon rayuwarta. Ra'ayin eucharist ya rinjayi alaƙarta na alama da kayan.

## Ilimi
Haraway ya yi karatun boology, tare da yara kanana a falsafa da Ingilishi a Kwalejin Colorado, kan cikakken karatun Boettcher Scholarship.Bayan kwaleji, Haraway ya koma Paris kuma ya yi nazarin falsafar juyin halitta da tiyoloji a Fondation Teilhard de Chardin akan malanta na Fulbright.[16] Ta kammala Ph.D. a cikin ilmin halitta a Yale a cikin 1972 yana rubuta kasida game da amfani da misalan wajen tsara gwaje-gwaje a cikin nazarin halittu na gwaji mai suna The Search for Organising Relations: An Organismic Paradigm in Twentieth- Century Developmental Biology. Daga baya aka gyara karatunta a cikin littafi kuma aka buga a ƙarƙashin taken Crystals, Fabrics, and Fields: Metaphors of Organicism in the Twentieth- Century Developmental Biology

## manazarta
Cemal Yıldırım

**Cemal Yıldırım**

Cemal Yıldırım (1925-2009) masanin falsafa ne na Turkiyya, marubuci, malami, kuma mai bincike. Ya rubuta littattafai 15 (4 cikin Ingilishi da 11 a Turkanci) da takaddun ilimi da yawa. Ya yi rubuce-rubuce da yawa a kan falsafar kimiyya da tarihin kimiyya. Shahararrun litattafansa Bilimin Öncüleri ("Majagaba na Kimiyya") da Evrim Kuramı ve Bagnazlık ("Ka'idar Juyin Halitta da Dogmatism") an karanta kuma an tattauna su sosai a Turkiyya. Littafinsa Matematiksel Düşünme ("Tunanin Lissafi") shima yana da tasiri sosai. Shi ne mahaifin masanin lissafi Cem Yıldırım.

## manazarta
Jahnavi Phalkey

**Jahnavi Phalkey** masanin tarihi ne, ƙwararre a tarihin kimiyya da fasaha. A shekara ta 2023, an ba ta Kyautar Infosys .

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Bayan kammala B.A. daga Kwalejin Elphinstone da MA daga Jami'ar Mumbai, ta ci gaba da samun M.Sc. daga Makarantar Nazarin Gabas da Afirka a 1996. Ta kammala Ph.D. a tarihin kimiyya da fasaha daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Georgia a shekara ta 2007. [1] [2][3]

## Ayyuka
Tsakanin 2011 da 2018, ta yi aiki a matsayin babban malami a Kwalejin King ta London . [1]

## Manazarta
Scott B. Weingart

**Scott B. Weingart** masani ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka kuma darekta na ofishin bayanai da kimantawa a cibiyar baiwa jama'a ta kasa, mukamin da ya rike tun shekarar 2023.

## Aikin ilimi
Weingart ya sauke karatu daga Jami'ar Florida a 2009 tare da digiri na farko a tarihin kimiyya da ƙarami a injiniyan kwamfuta. Daga nan ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki na bincike a Cyberinfrastructure for Network Science Center a Jami'ar Indiana har zuwa 2015, lokacin da ya zama darektan shirye-shiryen ɗan adam na dijital a Jami'ar Carnegie Mellon (2015-2021) da kuma shirin tallafin karatu na dijital a Jami'ar Notre Dame (2021-2022).Weingart kuma ya gudanar da zaɓaɓɓun mukamai a cikin Ƙungiyar Kwamfuta da Humanities da Alliance of Digital Humanities Organizations.

A cikin Disamba 2020, Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge ta buga Juya Hanyar Sadarwa: Canza Halaye a cikin 'Yan Adam, wani littafi mai suna Weingart wanda aka rubuta tare da nuna yadda masana fasahar fasaha da ɗan adam suka kusanci hangen nesa na hanyar sadarwa, ka'idar hanyar sadarwar zamantakewa, da hanyoyin ƙididdiga waɗanda aka zana daga kimiyyar hanyar sadarwa. Littafin yana cikin kusan ɗakunan karatu na ilimi 400 kuma ya kasance batun batutuwan mujallu na musamman guda biyu. A cikin 2015 ya haɗu da littafin rubutu The Historian's Macroscope: Exploring Big Historical Data, wanda World Scientific Press ya buga, tare da fitowa na biyu a cikin 2022.A cikin 2023 ya zama darektan kafa na Ofishin Bayanai da Kima a Cibiyar Kyautar Jama'a ta Amurka.

## Zaɓaɓɓun wallafe-wallafe
*
*

## Hanyoyin Haɗi na Waje
* Personal website
* The Route of a Text Message by Scott Weingart in *[[Vice Media|Vice]]*

## Manazarta
Jean Dhombres

Jean Guy Dhombres (an haife shi 27 ga watan Agustan 1942 a birnin Paris) masanin lissafi ne na Faransa, masanin tarihin lissafi da kimiyyar lissafi, kuma mai ba da labari game da Lazare Carnot
## Tarihi
Dhombres ta kammala daga École Polytechnique a cikin aji na 1962. Ya sami digirin digirinsa a fannin ayyukan a 1970 daga Jami'ar Pierre da Marie Curie (Paris 6), wanda yanzu yana cikin Jami'ar Sorbonne. Ya kasance daga 1964 zuwa 1971 mai ba da magana a École nationale supérieure d'ingénieurs de constructions aéronautiques (ENSICA yanzu wani sakamakon na ISAE-SUPAERO) kuma daga 1965 zuwa 1972 mai sanyi a wurin a CNRS. A Jami'ar Nantes ya kasance daga 1972 zuwa 1978 malamin malamin kuma daga 1980 zuwa 1988 farfesa; daga 1972 zuwa 1974 ya kuma koyar a École nationale des ponts et chaussées . A cikin nau'in 1970s da farkon 1980s ya keta da farfesa a Fasaha ta Asiya ta Bangkok a 1971-1972, a Jami'ar Singapore a 1973, a Jami'an Waterloo a 1975, a Jami'in Ottawa a 1976-1979, kuma a Jami'irar Wuhan a 1980 A lokacin da yake Ottawa ya kuma kasance mai ba da shawara kan kimiyya ga Jakadancin Faransa a Kanada.
## Manazarta
Camille Limoges

**Camille Limoges** (an haife ta a ranar 31 ga Mayu 1942, a Montreal) ita ce tsohuwar mataimakiyar ministan Quebec)" id="mwCQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ministry of Education, Recreation and Sports (Quebec)">Ma'aikatar Ilimi, Bincike, Kimiyya da Fasaha a Quebec, Kanada 

Limoges ta kafa Cibiyar Tarihi da Siyasa ta Kimiyya a Jami'ar Montreal a 1973. Shekaru goma bayan haka, ya zama mataimakin ministan sabuwar ma'aikatar ilimi da kimiyya ta Quebec.

Komawa zuwa ilimi a 1987, a wannan lokacin zuwa Jami'ar Quebec a Montreal, Limoges ta shiga ƙungiyar jami'o'i da yawa don ƙirƙirar Cibiyar Bincike a kimantawar zamantakewar fasaha. Bayan haka, ya ci gaba da ganowa da kuma aiki a matsayin darektan Cibiyar Interuniversitaire de recherche sur la science et la technologie. Ya kuma yi aiki daga 1989 zuwa 1990 a matsayin shugaban ACFAS (). A shekara ta 1997, ya zama shugaban kwamitin kimiyya da fasaha (CST). Gwamnatin Quebec ta haɗa wasu shawarwari da CST ta gabatar a cikin manufofinta kan kimiyya da fasaha, wanda aka sanar a watan Janairun 2000.

Limoges ya sami digirinsa na PhD daga Sorbonne a shekarar 1968, yana karatu a karkashin Georges Canguilhem . Ɗaya daga cikin ɗalibansa mafi tasiri shine masanin tarihin ilmin halitta Jan Sapp .

An nada Limoges a matsayin memba na Order of Canada a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba 2010,  amma ya yi murabus daga Order a ranar 26 ga Janairun 2013, saboda dalilai na kansa. 

## Manazarta
Kyautar Paul Bunge

Kyautar Paul Bunge kyauta ce ta kasa da kasa don gudummawa mai mahimmanci da na dindindin ga tarihin kayan aikin kimiyya. An ba da shi a 1993 daga marigayi Hans R. Jenemann (1920-1996), [1] likitan gilashi a Schott AG a Mainz, kuma mai tarawa da masanin tarihi na ma'aunin sinadarai na dā. Sunan kyautar yana tunawa da babban mai yin ma'auni na daidaito a karni na sha tara Paul Bunge (1839-1888). [2] Gidauniyar Hans R. Jenemann ce ta ba da kyautar kuma ƙungiyar Chemical Society ta Jamus da Deutsche Bunsen-Gesellschaft für Physikalische Chemie ne ke gudanar da ita.

## Wadanda suka lashe kyautar Bunge

* 2025 Paola Bertucci, New Haven, Amurka
* 2024 Peter Heering, Flensburg; Rebekah Higgitt, Edinburgh, Burtaniya
* 2023 Robert W. Smith, Alberta, Kanada
* 2022 Matthew L. Jones, New York, Amurka
* 2021 Liba Taub, Cambridge, Burtaniya
* 2020 Simon Werrett, London, Burtaniya
* 2019 Sara J. Schechner, Cambridge, MA
* 2018 Anthony John Turner, Le Mesnil-le-Roi, Faransa
* 2017 Simon Schaffer, Cambridge, Burtaniya
* 2016 Robert G. W. Anderson, Cambridge, Burtaniya
* 2015 Brian Gee (bayan mutuwarsa), Chelsea, Burtaniya
* [Hasiya]
* 2013 Marco Beretta, Bologna, Italiya
* 2012 David Pantalony, Ottawa, Kanada
* 2011 Matteo Valleriani, Berlin, Jamus
* 2010 Henning Schmidgen, Weimar, Jamus
* 2009 Jutta Schickore, Bloomington, IN
* 2008 Alison Morrison-Low, Edinburgh, Burtaniya
* 2007 Charlotte Bigg, Berlin, Jamus
* 2006 Davis Baird, Columbia, SC; Inge Keil, Augsburg, Jamus
* 2005 Myles W. Jackson, Salem, OR
* 2004 Jobst Broelmann, Munich, Jamus; Carsten Reinhardt, Regensburg, Jamus
* 2003 Sean F. Johnston, Glasgow, Burtaniya
* 2002 Paolo Brenni, Florence, Italiya
* 2001 Jim Bennett, Oxford, Burtaniya
* 2000 Alan Q. Morton, London, Burtaniya; Richard J. Sorrenson, Bloominton, IN
* 1999 Nicolas Rasmussen, Sydney, Ostiraliya
* 1998 Robert Bud, London, Burtaniya; Deborah J. Warner, Washington, DC
* 1997 Silvio A. Bedini, Washington, DC
* 1996 David A. King, Frankfurt/Main, Jamus
* 1995 Gerald L'Estrange Turner, Oxford, Burtaniya
* 1994 Otto Sibum, Cambridge, Burtaniya; Matthias Dörries, Munich, Jamus
* 1992-1993 Klaus Hentschel, Hamburg, Jamus; Mara Miniati, Florence, Italiya


## Littattafai

* Charlotte Bigg & Christoph Meinel (eds.), *[https://en.gdch.de/fileadmin/downloads/GDCh/Stiftungen/Jenemann/Bunge_Prize_Jubilee_Volume_2023.pdf Kyautar Paul Bunge: Tarihin Kayan Kimiyya, 1993-2023]* (Frankfurt/Main: GDCh & DBG, 2023), shafi na 96.

## Manazarta