Billy Nair

**Billy Nair** (27 Nuwamba 1929 - 23 Oktoba 2008) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne,  ɗan ƙungiyar ƙwadago, kuma mai fafutukar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu kuma fursunonin siyasa a tsibirin Robben.

Nair ya kasance fursunan siyasa na dogon lokaci a tsibirin Robben tare da Nelson Mandela a cikin 'B' Block na fursunonin siyasa. Katin gidan yari shi ne kwafin da aka yi amfani da shi a rangadin gidan yarin bayan sulhu don kwatanta yanayin fursunonin lokacin. An zaɓe shi a cikin kwamitin zartarwa na jam'iyyar ANC a shekarar 1991, kuma ya kasance ɗan majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu na wa'adi biyu kafin ya yi ritaya a shekarar 2004.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Nair a Sydenham, Durban a lardin Natal na lokacin,  iyayensa 'yan Indiya a ranar 27 ga watan Nuwamba 1929. Iyayensa su ne Parvathy ('yar Fasinja Indiya) da Krishnan Nair (Ittynian Nair) waɗanda aka kawo daga Kerala, Indiya a matsayin ma'aikacin da ba ya aiki. Yana ɗaya daga cikin yara biyar; 'yan uwansa su ne Joan, Angela, Jay da Shad. Ƙaninsa ya mutu sakamakon taifot a shekarar 1942. Mahaifinsa ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa ne wanda bai iya karatu ba kuma mahaifiyarsa ta kara kuɗin shiga ta hanyar mallakar rumbun kayan lambu a kasuwar Indiya. 

Ya halarci makaranta a Essendene Road Government Aid Indian School a Sydenham da Natal Technikon ko ML Sultan Technical College (duba Jami'ar Fasaha ta Durban), Durban da daddare kuma ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1946 da difloma a lissafin kuɗi a shekarar 1949. A lokacin makarantarsa, ya kuma yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin mataimaki na shago daga shekarun 1946 - 48 ga wani ɗan kasuwan katako na asalin Indiya kuma a matsayin ma'aikacin littafai na kamfanin lissafin kuɗi.

## Farkon gwagwarmayar siyasa
A lokacin karatunsa, ya kasance ɗan siyasa a matsayin mai shiga cikin kungiyar ɗalibai. Kamar da yawa daga cikin shugabannin ’yan uwansa a nan gaba, “Dokar Yankin Asiya da Wakilcin Indiya”, wanda kuma aka fi sani da “Dokar Ghetto” ta ba da imaninsa na siyasa. A cikin shekarar 1949, ya zama memba na Natal Indian Youth Congress kuma an zaɓe shi a matsayin sakatare a shekarar 1950. Ya fara halartar taron Natal Indian Congress (NIC) ya zama memba na zartarwa a cikin shekarar 1950. 

Billy Nair ya ci gaba da aikin sa da kuma karatun digiri. Bayan da gwamnatin jam'iyyar ta ƙasa  ta hau kan ƙaragar mulki a shekarar 1948, matsayin mahukunta a kan masu zanga-zangar ya zama mai tsananin kiyayya. Bayan ya shafe watanni shida yana aikin kiwo a Clover Dairy yana samun fam 24 a wata, an kore shi a shekara ta 1950 sakamakon ayyukan ƙungiyar kwadagon da ya yi.   Kamar yadda ya bayyana a cikin wata hira a shekarar 1984 game da wannan lokacin, "Dole ne mu sanya siyasa a ma'aikata. Hanyar kafa alaka tsakanin gwagwarmayar siyasa da gwagwarmayar neman ƙarin albashi dole ne a samu".  Ya ci gaba da ayyukan ƙungiyar kwadago, daga karshe ya zama babban sakataren ƙungiyar ma’aikatan kiwo a shekarar 1951. An dakatar da shi daga harkokin siyasa a matsayin wani ɓangare na haramcin da aka sanya a Natal na duk wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin sakatarorin kungiyoyin kwadago 16 a ƙarƙashin dokar hana gurguzu.

Nair ya zo ƙarƙashin rinjayar Dokta GM "Monty" Naicker, shugaban Natal Indian Congress. A cikin juriyar sake dokar ta Ghetto, an kama fursunoni aƙalla 2000.  Nair yana daga cikin ruƙunin farko na masu adawa da aka kama a tashar Berea tare da wasu abokan zanga-zangar 21 saboda shiga ɗakin jira na "Turai kawai". An ɗaure shi wata ɗaya.

## Gwagwarmayar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata
A shekara ta 1953 Nair ya shiga jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Afirka ta Kudu da aka sake kafata a asirce kuma ya kasance jigo a jam'iyyar 'yan kasuwa ta Afirka ta Kudu lokacin da aka kafa ta a shekarar 1955 kuma ta yi aiki a kwamitin zartarwa na ƙasa. 

Nair yana cikin masu fafutuka 150 da aka kama tare da Mandela a ranar 5 ga Disamba 1956 kuma aka tuhume shi da laifin cin amanar ƙasa. Gwajin cin amanar marathon na 1956–1961 ta biyo baya. Watanni biyu da fara shari’ar, an janye tuhumar da ake yi na farko, kuma nan take aka sake gabatar da wata sabuwar tuhuma kan mutane 30, dukkansu ‘yan jam’iyyar ANC. An wanke shi daga dukkan tuhumar da ake masa.  Da yake magana game da lamarin, Nair ya ce daga baya, "Jihar ta so ta yi mana tuwo a kwarya, tana tunanin cewa gwagwarmayar za ta mutu...". 

## Manazarta