Filin shakatawa na Mole

**Filin shakatawa na Mole** shine babbar mafakar namun daji a Ghana. Gandun dajin yana cikin yankin Savannah na Ghana a kan savanna da tsibiran a tsayin mita 150, tare da katanga mai kaifi wanda ke yin iyakar kudancin wurin shakatawa. Ana isa ƙofar wurin shakatawa ta cikin garin Larabanga da ke kusa. Kogin Lovi da Mole koguna ne da ke gudana ta cikin wurin shakatawa, suna barin ramukan sha kawai a lokacin damina. Wannan yanki na Ghana yana samun sama da mm 1000 a kowace shekara na ruwan sama. An yi nazari na dogon lokaci a Mole National Park don fahimtar tasirin mafarautan ɗan adam akan dabbobin da ke cikin kulawa.

## Tarihi
An kebe filayen gandun dajin a matsayin mafakar namun daji a shekarar 1958. A shekarar 1971, an mayar da kananan mutanen yankin wurin kuma aka sanya filaye wurin shakatawa na kasa. Gandun dajin bai ga babban ci gaba a matsayin wurin yawon shakatawa ba tun lokacin da aka sanya shi na asali. Gandun dajin a matsayin yanki mai kariya ba a samun isasshen kuɗi kuma akwai damuwar ƙasa da ƙasa game da farauta da dorewa a cikin wurin shakatawa, amma kariyar mahimmancin muhallin mazaunin mazaunin ya inganta tun farkon kafuwar ta.

Gidan shakatawa muhimmin wurin nazari ne ga masana kimiyya saboda kawar da yawan mutane daga cikin dajin da ke ba da damar yin karatu na dogon lokaci, musamman, na wuraren da ba a samu tashin hankali ba idan aka kwatanta da irin wannan yanki na Yammacin Afirka mai yawan jama'a. Studyaya daga cikin binciken akan mazaunan yawan giwaye 800, alal misali, ya nuna lalacewar giwa akan manyan bishiyoyi ya bambanta da nau'in. A cikin Mole, giwaye suna da babban haɗari na cutar da muhimman nau'ikan tattalin arziƙi kamar *Burkea africana*, muhimmin katako na wurare masu zafi, da *Butyrospermum paradoxum*, tushen man shanu, akan ƙarancin *Terminalia spp.*

Kwanan nan, zuma da aka yi da furanni a cikin gandun dajin Molé ta zama kayan ciniki na farko na yankin. A kusa, mazauna ƙauyen suna girbe zuma ta amfani da hanyoyin gargajiya, waɗanda ba na ɓarna ba, kuma sun yi haɗin gwiwa tare da wani kamfani na Utah don sayar da zuma azaman kari da lafiya a Amurka. Cif Ashanti Cif Nana Kwasi Agyemang ne ya kirkiro shirin, wanda ke fatan sake kunna sha'awar gida a cikin zumar sannan daga karshe ya fitar da shi zuwa wasu kasashen Afirka.

## Flora

Irin bishiyoyin dajin sun haɗa da *Burkea africana, Isoberlinia doka*, da *Terminalia macroptera*. Ganyen savanna suna da ɗan bambanci a cikin bambancin amma nau'ikan da aka sani sun haɗa da spikesedge, *Kyllinga echinata*, Aneilema, *Aneilema setiferum* var. *pallidiciliatum*, da kuma mambobi biyu na asclepiadaceae subfamily, *Gongronema obscurum*, da geophyte mai cin abinci, *Raphionacme vignei*.

Bishiyoyi

* *Diospyros mespiliformis*
* *Feretia apodanthera*
* *Flueggea virosa*
* *Tinnsea* spp.
* *Urginea* spp.

Ganyen ganye masu tsire:

* *Abutilon ramosum*
* *Aneilema umbrosum*
* *Atylosia scarabaeoides*
* *Blepharis maderaspatensis*
* *Desmodium velutinum*
* *Mariscus alternifolius*
* *Ruellia*
* *Sida urens*
* *Triumfetta pentandra*
* *Wissadula amplissima*

Gandun daji:

* *Andropogon spp*., gami da *Andropogon gayanus var. squamulatus* (ciyawa mai tsayi)
* *Brachiaria spp*.
* *Loudetiopsis kerstingii*
* *Sporobolus pyramidalis* (kawai a cikin wuraren kariya)
* *Setaria barbata* (kawai a wuraren da aka kiyaye)

## Fauna

Gidan shakatawa yana gida sama da nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa 93, kuma manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa sun haɗa da yawan giwaye, hippos, buffalo, da tsutsotsi. An yi la'akari da gandun dajin a matsayin tushen Afirka na farko don nau'in dabbobin da suka haɗa da kob, defassa waterbuck, roan, hartebeest, oribi, gandun daji, da duikers biyu, jan duiker da duiker mai goyan baya. Birai na zaitun, birai masu launin baki da fari, koren vervet, da birai na patas sune sanannun nau'in birai mazauna wurin shakatawa. Daga cikin nau'ikan 33 da aka sani na dabbobi masu rarrafe masu siriri da dogayen kada ana samun su a wurin shakatawa. Ganin kuraye, zakuna da damisa ba sabon abu bane, amma waɗannan masu cin nama sun fi yawa a wurin shakatawa. Daga cikin nau'in tsuntsaye 344 da aka lissafa sun hada da gaggafa, da fararen kawuna da ungulu na dabino, da ramukan da aka sanyawa doki, dawakai, da egrets, da Abiliyanci, da violet turaco, da shrikes iri-iri da kuma mai cin kudan zuma.

Filin shakatawa na Mole, kamar sauran kayan wasan Ghana, ba a kashe kuɗi sosai don rigakafin farauta. Duk da haka, ƙwararrun masu kula da gandun dajin suna kula da namun dajin, kuma mafarautan suna cikin haɗarin gaske don a tsare su. Mafarautan suna rayuwa a tsakanin kilomita 50 daga iyakokin dajin. Wannan tazarar kilomita 50 ita ce mafi girman maharbin da aka ruwaito sun yarda yin tafiya tare da farauta. An cire ragowar yawan mutanen dajin a cikin 1961, yana barin duk mafarautan farauta a waje da keɓaɓɓen ajiya, ma'ana yawancin dabbobi masu shayarwa a gefen dajin sun fi shafar farauta fiye da yawan mutanen cikin gida.

## Yawon shakatawa
Bayan inganta hanyoyin da ke zuwa wurin shakatawa, adadin masu ziyartar dajin ya karu daga 14,600 a 2014 zuwa 17,800 a 2015. Dangane da shekarar, kashi 20-40% na baƙi baƙi ne. Farouk Umaru Dubiure, Manajan Gandun Dajin, ya ce, “duk da mun samu baƙi da yawa, kuɗin da aka samu sun yi ƙasa kaɗan saboda kashi 70 cikin ɗari na ɗaliban ɗaliban Ghana ne da ba sa biyan kuɗi kaɗan don ziyartar dajin. Waɗannan ɗaliban kuma suna ziyartar dajin a rana ɗaya kuma suna dawowa, idan aka kwatanta da baƙin da ke ƙara ƙarin kwanaki don kallon dajin sosai.”

## Manazarta