James Hadfield

**James Hadfield** ko **Hatfield** (1771/1772 - 23 Janairu 1841) ya yi ƙoƙari ya kashe George III na Burtaniya a cikin 1800 amma an wanke shi da yunkurin kisan kai saboda rashin hankali.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Ba a san farkon shekarun Hadfield ba amma ya ji mummunan rauni a yakin Tourcoing a shekara ta 1794. Kafin Faransanci su kama shi, an buge shi sau takwas a kai tare da Sabre, raunukan sun kasance sanannun sauran rayuwarsa. Bayan ya dawo Ingila, ya shiga cikin yunkurin millennialist kuma ya yi imani da cewa zuwan Yesu Kristi na biyu zai ci gaba idan gwamnatin Burtaniya ta kashe shi da kansa. Don haka ya yanke shawarar, a cikin makirci tare da Bannister Truelock, don yunkurin kisan Sarki kuma ya kawo kansa hukuncin kisa.[1]

A yammacin 15 ga Mayu 1800, a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Royal, Drury Lane, yayin wasan taken kasa, Hadfield ya harbe bindiga a kan Sarki da ke tsaye a cikin akwatin sarauta amma ya rasa. An yi wa Hadfield shari'a saboda babban cin amana kuma Thomas Erskine ne ya kare shi, babban lauya na wannan zamanin. Hadfield ya yi kira ga hauka amma ma'auni na ranar don neman nasara shine cewa wanda ake tuhuma dole ne ya "yi hasara ga kowane ma'ana ... ba zai iya yanke hukunci a kan sakamakon aikin da yake shirin yi ba". Shirye-shiryen Hadfield na harbi ya bayyana ya saba wa irin wannan da'awar. Saboda Dokar Cin amana ta 1795, akwai ɗan bambanci tsakanin shirya cin amana da yin cin amana, don haka Erskine ya zaɓi ya kalubalanci gwajin hauka, a maimakon haka yana jayayya cewa yaudara "ba tare da hauka ba ko hauka [shi ne] ainihin halin hauka".[was] Likitoci biyu da likita sun ba da shaida cewa yaudarar ta kasance sakamakon raunin da ya ji a baya. Alƙali, Lloyd Kenyon, 1st Baron Kenyon, a wannan lokacin ya dakatar da shari'ar yana mai bayyana cewa hukuncin "a bayyane yake an wanke shi" amma "mai fursuna, saboda kansa, kuma saboda al'umma gaba ɗaya, ba za a sallame shi ba".  

Har zuwa wannan lokacin, wadanda ake tuhuma da aka wanke saboda hauka ba su fuskanci wani makoma ba kuma galibi ana sake su don kiyaye iyalansu. Majalisar ta hanzarta zartar da Dokar Criminal Lunatics Act 1800 don samar da tsare-tsare na marasa hankali (da Dokar Cin amana ta 1800 don sauƙaƙa gurfanar da mutane saboda yunkurin rayuwar sarki). Hadfield daga baya ya yi wahayi zuwa ga ci gaba da amfani da neman hauka shekaru da yawa bayan haka a lokacin shari'ar Colonel Edward Despard . An tsare Hadfield a Asibitin Bethlem Royal har tsawon rayuwarsa, sai dai na ɗan gajeren lokaci lokacin da ya tsere. An sake kama shi a Dover yana ƙoƙarin tserewa zuwa Faransa kuma an tsare shi a ɗan gajeren lokaci a gidan yarin Newgate kafin a tura shi zuwa sabon sashen aikata laifuka a Bethlem (ko Bedlam, kamar yadda aka sani). Ya mutu a can daga tarin fuka a shekara ta 1841.

## Labaran almara game da rayuwar Hadfield
An nuna labarin Hadfield a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na shari'a na BBC TV a cikin kashi na 1 na jerin na uku na *Dokar Garrow*, wanda aka nuna William Garrow a matsayin lauyansa - duk da haka an yi canje-canje da yawa daga gaskiyar tarihi da aka yarda da ita.

James Hadfield kuma wani hali ne a kakar wasa ta karshe ta wasan kwaikwayo na  inda Andrew Gower ya buga shi.

## Manazarta