Frances Ivens

**Mary Hannah Frances Ivens** CBE FRCOG (1870 - 6 Fabrairu 1944) likita ce ta haihuwa kuma likitan mata wacce ita ce mace ta farko da aka nada a matsayin mai ba da shawara a asibiti a Liverpool. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na farko ta kasance babban jami'in kiwon lafiya a Asibitin Mata na Scotland a Royaumont, arewa maso gabashin Paris . Don hidimarta ga sojojin Faransa an ba ta lambar yabo a cikin Legion of Honour na Faransa da Croix de Guerre .

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Ivens a Little Harborough, kusa da Rugby, Warwickshire a cikin 1870, ɗan 5 na manomi Elizabeth Ashmole (1840-1880) da mijinta, William Ivens (1830-1905), manomi da ɗan kasuwa na katako.

## Liverpool 1907-1914
A shekara ta 1907 an nada Ivens a matsayin likitan gynaecological a sabon sashi a asibitin Liverpool Stanley. Ita ce mace ta farko da ta rike mukamin girmamawa a asibitin Liverpool. An ba da gado na musamman a kan yanayin cewa ya kamata su kasance a ƙarƙashin kulawar likita. A nan ta gina babban sashen kula da marasa lafiya na mata. Daga baya aka kuma nada ta likitan girmamawa a asibitin Samariya na Liverpool .  A Liverpool ta yi gwagwarmaya don samun karin mata da aka nada a asibiti, kuma ta zama jagora a kungiyar mata ta Arewacin Ingila. Ta kasance mai aiki a cikin ƙungiyar sufuri kuma ta kasance shugabar reshen Liverpool na Conservative da Unionist Women's Suffrage Society . 

## Likita a Royaumont

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1914, Ivens ya ba da kansa don yin aiki a Faransa a matsayin shugaban sashin Asibitin Mata na Scotland, wanda aka kafa a Abbaye de Royaumont a karkashin Red Cross na Faransa. Ta ga yakin a matsayin damar nuna abin da mata za su iya cimma a fagen kiwon lafiya. Kafin yaƙin, kamar yadda aikinta ya kasance ga mata da yara, Ivens bai kula da maza ba. Har ila yau, ba ta da wani kwarewa na kula da wadanda suka mutu a yaƙi, kuma ta karanta ko'ina a kan batun, kamar yadda littattafan da ta ba da gudummawa ga Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Liverpool suka nuna. Asibitin ya kula da Faransanci da suka ji rauni daga Yammacin Gabas. Kyakkyawan jagorancinta a matsayin Cif da aikin ƙungiyar Sojojin Faransa sun amince da ita. Da farko an buɗe gadaje 100 amma a ƙarshen rikici wannan ya tashi zuwa 600. Ta ci gaba a matsayin likitan likitan har zuwa Fabrairu, 1919, tare da lokacin hutu guda daya kawai a Ingila, wanda ta kashe shi da yawa a cikin lacca don tara kuɗi ga asibitin. A cikin 1917 an buɗe wani asibiti a Villers-Cotterêts, kusa da Yammacin Gabas. A can ta yi aiki a karkashin harbin harsashi a lokacin ci gaban Jamus a watan Maris, 1918, har sai da aka tilasta musu su koma Royaumont.

A lokacin yakin Ivens da tawagarta sun kula da marasa lafiya sama da 10,861 ciki har da sojoji 8,752.  Ivens da ta biyu Ruth Nicholson ne suka gudanar da yawancin babban aikin tiyata. Yawan mace-mace mai yawa na 1.82% ya kasance ƙasa da irin waɗannan asibitocin soja. Likitocin Royaumont sun fara sabon tsarin maganin gas gangrene, ta amfani da X-ray da ilmin ƙwayoyin cuta don ganewar asali, sannan aka biyo bayan gyaran tiyata mai yawa na kwayar cutar. Sun kuma sami damar amfani da antiserum da Cibiyar Pasteur ta bayar a Paris. Ivens ya wallafa asusun binciken a cikin wallafe-wallafen kiwon lafiya,  kuma daga baya ya yarda da yadda binciken, musamman a cikin gas gangrene, ya kasance mai fa'ida ga aikinta. 

Yawancin janar-janar na Faransa da jami'an gwamnati sun bincika asibitin kuma sun amince da shi, kuma sunansa ya fi yawa saboda jagorancin Ivens.

## Ayyukan bayan yaƙi
Bayan yakin, Ivens ya koma asibiti a Liverpool. Ta kasance tana da hannu sosai wajen sake gina asibitin Maternity, da kuma kafa kungiyar Liverpool Women's Radium League . Ta kuma kasance jagora a kafa asibitin Crofton Recovery Hospital for Women . 

A wannan lokacin, Ivens ta kasance mai aiki sosai wajen inganta dalilin mata a fannin kiwon lafiya, kuma an zabe ta shugabar kungiyar mata ta likita daga 1924 zuwa 1926.  Bayan 'yan shekaru, ita ce mace ta farko da aka zaba mataimakin shugaban Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Liverpool a 1929  lokacin da ta zama mamba mai kafa Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists a wannan shekarar. 

A lokacin da take da shekaru sittin, ta auri Charles Knowles, yanzu gwauruwa, wanda ta san shi tun daga lokacin dalibai. Sun koma London inda ta ci gaba da aikin ba da shawara har sai da ita da mijinta suka yi ritaya zuwa Truro a Cornwall .  Ruth Nicholson wacce ta kasance mataimaki a Royaumont ce ta gaje ta a matsayinta a Liverpool.

Tare da barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu a 1939 ta yi aiki a matsayin mai binciken likita na Red Cross a Cornwall .  Ta kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ayyukan Royaumont da Villers Cotterêts Association kuma ta kasance shugabar kwamitin Cornwall na Abokan Yakin Faransanci.

## Shekaru na baya da mutuwa
Mai magana da harshen Faransanci mai kyau ta ziyarci Faransa a kai a kai inda za ta ziyarci tsoffin marasa lafiya da yawancin wadanda suka ji rauni da ta kula da su a Royaumont sun rubuta mata akai-akai. Ta ci gaba da hulɗa tare da tsoffin ma'aikatan da za su hadu a kowace shekara a abincin dare na shekara-shekara na Royaumont Association . 

Ta mutu a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu 1944, tana da shekaru 74, a Killagorden, St Clement, Cornwall . 

## Daraja da kyaututtuka
Don nuna godiya ga hidimar da ta yi a Royaumont Shugaban Faransa ya yi mata ado da Knight of France's Legion of Honour . [1] A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1918 ta karbi Croix de Guerre tare da dabino, ambaton ya karanta: "... bayan tabbatar, dare da rana, da kula da Faransanci da Allied da suka ji rauni a lokacin da aka sake bombardment a Villers Cotterets a watan Mayu 1918. A kan kusantar abokan gaba ta janye ƙungiyar ta a lokacin ƙarshe zuwa Abbaye de Royaumont inda ta ci gaba da aikinta na ɗan adam tare da cikakkiyar ibada. "[2] An kuma ba ta lambar yabo ta Médaille d'honneur des épidémies . A shekara ta 1926 an zabe ta mataimakiyar shugaban Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Liverpool . Jami'ar Liverpool ta ba ta digiri na girmamawa na Master of Surgery (ChM) a 1926 kuma a wannan shekarar ta zama Kwamandan Order of the British Empire (CBE). [3]

## Manazarta