Zhou Ruchang

**Zhou Ruchang** (; ; 14 ga Afrilu, 1918 - 31 ga Mayu, 2012), marubucin kasar Sin ne wanda aka sani da nazarin littafin Dream of the Red Chamber na Cao Xueqin. An dauke shi a matsayin daya daga cikin shahararrun masu ilimin redologists na karni na 20. Bugu da kari, Zhou ya kasance ƙwararren marubuci kuma gwani a kan waƙoƙin gargajiya na kasar Sin da fiction.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haife shi a Tianjin, China a ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 1918, ƙarami cikin 'yan'uwa biyar. Mahaifinsa malami ne kuma jami'in gwamnati ne. Farkon bayyanarsa ga littafin *Honglou Meng* (aka Dream of the Red Chamber) ta hanyar mahaifiyarsa ne, wanda ya ce ya karanta masa lokacin da yake yaro. Daga baya wani kawun ya ba shi kwafin littafin. Ya sami kyakkyawan ilimi na farko a cikin litattafan Sinanci, sannan ya yi karatun Turanci a Sashen Harsunan Yamma da Littattafai a Jami'ar Yenching da ke Beijing. A can ya burge malamai na kasashen waje da kwarewarsa mai ban sha'awa na Turanci, ya rubuta waka, kuma ya fassara waka ta Burtaniya zuwa Sinanci. Fassararsa na mawaki na zamanin Romantic Percy Bysshe Shelley ya burge sanannen masanin da marubucin Qian Zhongshu sosai. Shahararren masanin kimiyya, masanin falsafa, kuma masanin ilimin redologist Hu Shih, wanda ya kira Zhou ɗalibinsa mafi kyau, ya shahara sosai da ikon Zhou har ya ba shi kyautar kwafin rubuce-rubucen 1754 (Jiaxu manuscript) na Honglou Meng don karatu. Bayan kammala karatunsa, Zhou ya koyar da Turanci a Jami'ar Sichuan na ɗan gajeren lokaci kafin ya koma Beijing inda ya yi aiki a Gidan Bugawa na Jama'a yana binciken wallafe-wallafen gargajiya na kasar Sin.

## Ayyuka
A shekarar 1953, Zhou ya buga littafinsa na farko kuma mafi shahara *Honglou Meng Xinzheng* ( *Sabuwar Shaida akan Mafarkin Ja* ), wani cikakken bincike mai kalmomi 400,000 game da rayuwar Cao Xueqin da iyalinsa na musamman. Daga baya Zhou ya bayyana cewa ya karanta littattafai 1,000 don wannan binciken kuma ya gudanar da bincike a cikin tarihin gwamnati da kuma Birnin da aka Haramta . Wannan littafin ya yi tasiri sosai kan nazarin *Honglou Meng* ( *Redology* ) kuma ya tabbatar da suna Zhou a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan malamansa. Shahararren masanin ilmin sinadari na Jami'ar Yale, Jonathan Spence, ya kira wannan littafin "aikin da ke da zurfin tunani da zurfin ilimi wanda yake da wuya a yi kuskure ... Littafinsa wani aiki ne mai kyau na bincike kan asalin dangin Ts'ao [Cao], da kuma kasancewa ma'adinan bayanai."  Wu Shih Ch'ang, marubucin littafin *On the Red Dream: A Critical Study of Two Annotated Manuscripts of the 18th Century*, littafi na farko da ya fito akan Honglou Meng a Turanci, ya rubuta cewa binciken Zhou "ya rage duk ayyukan da suka gabata kan wannan batu. Cewa babban aikin ilimi mai irin wannan yanayi mai tsanani ya kamata ya sayar da hotuna uku da suka kai kwafi 17,000 cikin watanni huɗu (Satumba - Disamba 1953) shi kansa sharhi ne mai kyau game da ingancin littafin Zhou. Marubucin na yanzu yana da lada ga Mr. Chou saboda tarin kayan aiki masu mahimmanci daga tushe waɗanda jama'a ba za su iya samu ba."  A cikin littafin, Zhou ya ci gaba da bayanin cewa *Honglou Meng* ya kasance mai tarihin kansa kuma ya nuna tarihin iyalin Cao Xueqin mai ban tausayi a matsayin bayin Han waɗanda ke da alaƙa da ƙungiyar Manchu Banner.

## Manazarta