Babalawo

**Babaalawo** ko **babaláwo** a Yammacin Afirka ( **babalao** a cikin Caribbean da Kudancin Amurka Sifaniyanci da **babalaô** a cikin Fotigal na Brazil), a zahiri yana nufin "uban asirai" (ko "uban asirai")  a cikin yaren Yarabawa . Lakabi ne na ruhaniya wanda ke nuna babban firist na Ifá . Ifá tsarin duba ne wanda ke wakiltar koyarwar òrìṣà Ọ̀runmila, tsohuwar hikima, wanda shi ma ya zama wakilin magana na Olodumare .  Babalawo yana aiki a matsayin mutum mai addini da kuma gadar al'adu, yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye harshe, karin magana, da al'adun al'ada waɗanda suka zama tushen asalin Yarabawa.

## Tarihin babalawo
Kalmar "babalawo" galibi tana nufin wani mutum mai addini na Yarabawa, wanda galibi ake ɗaukarsa a matsayin firist ko mai duba, a cikin tsarin Ifá na mutanen Yarabawa a Yammacin Afirka. Tsarin Ifá wani abu ne mai rikitarwa kuma tsohon sihiri da kuma ayyukan addini wanda ya samo asali daga tatsuniyoyi da al'adun Yarabawa kuma ya samo asali ne daga tarihin Yarabawa da tatsuniyoyi, wanda hakan ke sa ya zama da wahala a gano takamaiman farkon. Duk da haka, ana kyautata zaton cewa tsarin Ifá yana da asali na da, tun ƙarni da yawa a cikin wayewar Yarabawa.

Tsarin Ifá ya ta'allaka ne akan bauta wa Ɗanmila, wanda ake ɗaukarsa a matsayin allahntaka ta hikima da duba. Ana kyautata zaton Ɗanmila ya sami ilimin Ifá daga Olodumare, babban allah a cikin al'adun Yarbawa. A cewar tatsuniyoyin Yarbawa, Ɗanmila ya raba wannan ilimin ga mutane, kuma an kafa aikin duba Ifá don jagorantar mutane wajen yanke shawara, fahimtar ƙaddararsu, da kuma neman jagora ta ruhaniya.

Babalawos su ne masu kula da ilimin Ifá kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yin bukukuwan duba na Ifá, fassara saƙonnin Ɗanmila, da kuma ba da jagora ga mutane da al'ummomi. Suna yin horo mai zurfi kuma ana fara su cikin firistoci, sau da yawa suna ba da iliminsu ta hanyar koyon aiki da al'adar baki.  A wasu lokuta, horon da suke yi ya haɗa da ƙwarewa a ɗaruruwan ayoyin odu Ifá, maganin ganye, wasan kwaikwayo na al'ada, da falsafar ruhaniya ta ilimin sararin samaniya na Yarbawa.

Duk da cewa takamaiman bayanan tarihi na iya zama ƙalubale a tantance su saboda yanayin tsohuwar tsarin Ifá, a bayyane yake cewa al'adar babalawo da Ifá suna da ma'ana mai zurfi a cikin al'ummar Yarabawa. A yau, ana ci gaba da yin Ifá ba kawai a Najeriya ba, inda mutanen Yarabawa suka fi yawa har ma a tsakanin al'ummomin Yarabawa da ke zaune a ƙasashen waje a duk faɗin duniya.  Ƙasashe kamar Cuba, Brazil, Trinidad, da Amurka sun zama cibiyoyin ibada na Ifá da Orisha, inda babalawos ke daidaita al'adarsu zuwa sabbin yanayin al'adu yayin da suke riƙe da asalin al'adar.

## Ayyuka a cikin al'umma
Ana kyautata zaton cewa babalawos suna tabbatar da makomar abokan hulɗarsu ta hanyar sadarwa da Ifá. Ana yin hakan ta hanyar fassara ko dai tsarin sarkar duba da aka sani da *opele*, ko kuma goro mai tsarki da ake kira *iki*, a kan tiren duba na katako da ake kira *opon Ifá* .

Baya ga wannan, wasu daga cikinsu suna yin ayyukan duba a madadin sarakuna da manyan sarakunan kabilar Yoruba . Waɗannan mutane, masu riƙe da muƙamai na sarauta kamar **Araba** da **Oluwo Ifa** a nasu haƙƙin, membobin manyan sarakuna ne da aka sani na jihohin gargajiya na Yarbawa daban-daban.  Sau da yawa ana ɗaukar Araba a matsayin babalawo mafi girma a cikin gari ko yanki, suna aiki a matsayin shugaban ruhaniya da na al'umma.

Mutane na iya ziyartar babalawos don shawarwari na ruhaniya, wanda aka sani da *Dafa* . Tsarin addini gabaɗaya UNESCO ta amince da shi a matsayin "Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity". "  Ayyukan duba na iya magance buƙatu da yawa, daga gano abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin lafiya na ruhaniya zuwa ƙayyade sadaukarwar da ta dace (ebo) da ake buƙata don kauce wa masifa.

## Tasirin babalawo
Babalawos su ne manyan masu kula da tsarin Ifá, suna kiyayewa da kuma yada gadon al'adun Yarabawa ta hanyar al'adar baki, al'adu, da bukukuwa. Wannan tsarin yana samar da tsarin fahimtar ɗabi'a, dangantakar ɗan adam, da kuma duniya baki ɗaya. A matsayinsu na shugabannin ruhaniya da masu duba, babalawos suna ba da jagora ga mutane da al'ummomi ta hanyar amfani da tsarin duba Ifá, suna magance fannoni daban-daban na rayuwa kamar lafiya, dangantaka, da zaɓin aiki.

Bugu da ƙari, tsarin Ifá yana haɓaka haɗin kan al'umma ta hanyar bukukuwan haɗin gwiwa, yana ba da gudummawa ga tsarin al'adu da addini iri ɗaya. Wasu babalawos kuma an san su da iliminsu na hanyoyin warkarwa na gargajiya, suna haɗa ganye, addu'o'i, da kuma hanyoyin shiga cikin ruhaniya don magance cututtukan jiki da na ruhaniya a cikin al'umma. Babalawos galibi suna taka rawa wajen warware rikici a cikin iyalai ko al'ummomi, suna amfani da hikima da ƙa'idodin ɗabi'a da tsarin Ifá ya jaddada. Tasirin ya shafi yankunan da 'yan asalin ƙasar Yarabawa suka yaɗu, wanda ke haifar da haɗin kai tsakanin al'adu da sauran al'adun addini, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin ayyuka kamar Santería, Candomblé, da Vodou.

Duk da haka, akwai ƙalubale da jayayya. Masu suka na iya ɗaukar wasu ayyuka a matsayin camfi ko kuma nuna damuwa game da yuwuwar cin zarafin kuɗi. Bugu da ƙari, rikici na iya tasowa tsakanin al'adun gargajiya da ra'ayoyin zamani, musamman a cikin al'ummomin da ke fuskantar sauye-sauye cikin sauri na zamantakewa.

Duk da ƙalubale, tsarin Ifá yana ba da gudummawa sosai ga asalin al'adun mutanen Yarbawa, yana bambanta su da sauran ƙungiyoyin ƙabilu da addinai da kuma ƙara alfahari da gadon al'adunsu. Bugu da ƙari, sha'awar duniya ga tsarin Ifa daga masana, masu yawon buɗe ido, da masu neman ruhaniya yana nuna tasirinsa a faɗin duniya, tare da godiya mai kyau ga wadatar al'adu da kuma mummunan halaye da suka shafi kayayyaki ko ɓatar da ayyuka. Tasirin babalawo da tsarin Ifá suna da ƙarfi, suna canzawa akan lokaci a cikin yanayin al'adu da addini a cikin duniyar da ke canzawa.

## A cikin al'adun jama'a

* "Calle Luna, Calle Sol", waƙar salsa ta Willie Colón da Héctor Lavoe game da Laifuka a Puerto Rico, ya ambaci babalawo yana cewa "za ku iya samun saint yana kallon ku amma ba ku ba babalawo ba" (  ). 

* A cikin kashi na 3, kakar 1 ta shirin talabijin na Amurka, It: Barka da zuwa Derry bisa ga sanannen littafin Stephen King, ɗaya daga cikin jaruman, Rich, ya bayyana kawunsa a matsayin babalawo, a ƙoƙarin fahimtar mugun ruhin da ke addabar Derry. 

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* http://ifa-houseofwisdom.com/babalawo.html
* https://web.archive.org/web/20180102013424/http://www.ifafoundation.org/does-the-babalawo-tell-all/
* 
* https://www.ospublishers.com/African-Indigenous-Healers-and-Counseling-A-Case-study-of-Babalawo.html