Bankin Ghana

**Bankin [[Ghana]]** (an taƙaita shi a matsayin **BoG**) shine Babban Bankin Ghana . Tana cikin Accra kuma an kafa ta ne a shekara ta 1957. Bankin Ghana yana da Ofisoshin Yankin Bakwai ban da babban ofishinsa a Accra. Ofisoshin yankin suna cikin biranen da ke biyowa, Hohoe, Kumasi, Sunyani, Tamale, Takoradi, Bolgatanga, Wa. Ofisoshin yankuna suna da alhakin aiwatar da manufofi da jagororin Bankin Ghana a yankunansu. Suna kuma ba da sabis na banki ga gwamnati, cibiyoyin kuɗi, da jama'a.

banki yana aiki a ci gaba da manufofin hada-hada kudi kuma memba ne na Alliance for Financial Inclusion .  

## Kafa Bankin Ghana
An kafa Bankin Ghana a hukumance a ranar 4 ga Maris 1957, kwanaki biyu kawai kafin sanarwar 'yancin kai na siyasa ta Ghana. Majalisar dokokin Birtaniya ta zartar da Dokar Bankin Ghana (No. 34) na 1957 don sanya shi hukuma. A tsakiyar watan Yulin shekara ta 1957, an kammala dukkan shirye-shiryen da ake bukata don kaddamar da sabon Babban Ofishin Bankin a kan Babban titin.

Tun daga shekara ta 1957, Bankin Ghana ya sami sauye-sauye daban-daban na doka. Dokar Bankin Ghana ta asali (No.34) ta 1957 an maye gurbin ta da Dokar Bankin Gana (1963), Dokar 182, wanda daga baya Bankin Ghana (Dokar Gyara) 1965, (Dokar 282) ta gyara. A ƙarshe, Dokar Bankin Ghana, 1992 PNDCL 291, ta karfafa tsarin doka ga bankin ta hanyar soke duka Ayyukan Ayyuka 182 da 282.

## Tarihi

Babban Bankin Ghana ya samo asali ne daga Bankin Gold Coast (BGC)  ko Bankin Kasuwancin Ghana, inda aka kula da shi. Da zaran 'yan siyasa da masana tattalin arziki sun ga' yancin siyasa a tsakiyar shekarun 1950 an farfado da tashin hankali ga babban bankin. An yi jayayya cewa babban bankin wani cibiyar ce wanda zai ba da ma'ana ta gaskiya ga 'yancin siyasa. Ana iya tunawa da wannan hanyar a cikin 1947, wasu manyan 'yan siyasa sun yi kira ga kafa bankin kasa, tare da ayyukan banki na tsakiya don aiki a matsayin banki ga gwamnati da kuma kula da ɓangaren' yan asalin tattalin arziki.

An yarda da shawarwarin masu ba da shawara ga babban bankin kuma a farkon 1955, gwamnati ta kafa wani kwamitin zaɓaɓɓen don ɗaukar sabon kallo ga Rahoton Trevor da shirya tushen kafa babban bankin a Ghana. BGC ta riga ta shirya mataki don banki na tsakiya: duk abin da ake buƙata ma'aikatan da aka horar da su musamman ne a banki na tsada da kuma wurin zama mai dacewa don bankin ya tashi.

A ƙarshen 1956, an saita duk don kafa Bankin Ghana. An kafa sabon gini mai hawa biyar na zamani a kan Babban titin, kusa da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Accra (AMA)  don zama Bankin Ghana da Bankin Kasuwancin Ghana (GCB).

A watan Maris na shekara ta 2012, Bankin Ghana ya ba da sanarwar cewa zai yi takamaiman alkawura don hada kudi a karkashin Maya Declaration.

## Gudanar da Bankin Ghana

An ba da babban gudanarwar bankin a hannun kwamitin daraktoci guda bakwai a karkashin shugabancin gwamnan.

Kwamitin farko ya kasance kamar haka:

# Alfred Eggleston, shugaban
# Douglas F. Stone, mataimakin gwamna
# R. S. Blay, darektan
# N. T. Clerk, darektan
# C. E. Osei, darektan
# R. C. Parkin, darektan

Gwamnan bankin Gold Coast ya nada gwamnan bankin da mataimakinsa bisa shawarar firaministan kasar, bisa ga sashe na 10 (1) na dokar 1957. An nada gwamnan da mataimakinsa kowanne na tsawon shekaru biyar kuma sun cancanci a sake nada su. Wadannan jami'an biyu sun kasance masu amsawa ga hukumar game da ayyukan da suka yanke a cikin tafiyar da harkokin bankin gaba daya. Ita kanta hukumar ta kasance mai amsa ga ma'aikatar kudi don gudanar da ingantaccen bankin. Sauran daraktocin hukumar kuma Firayim Minista ya nada tare da amincewar gwamnan Gold Coast na tsawon shekaru uku, idan har za a sabunta su.

### Gwamnoni
Wadannan sune jerin gwamnoni har zuwa yau

* Alfred Eggleston 1 August 1957 – 3 April 1959
* Hubert Kessels 21 August 1959 – 8 September 1962
* W.M.Q. Halm 5 October 1962 – 13 August 1965
* A. Adomako 10 September 1965 – 9 February 1968
* J.H. Frimpong-Ansah 8 March 1968 – 28 February 1973
* Amon Nikoi 16 March 1973 – June 1977
* A.E.K. Ashiabor 15 Jul 1977–8 Mar 1983
* J. S. Addo 29 March 1983 – 3 June 1987
* G.K. Agama 15 July 1988 – 16 July 1997
* Kwabena Duffuor 17 July 1997 – 30 September 2001
* Paul A. Acquah 1 October 2001 – 30 September 2009
* K. B. Amissah-Arthur 1 October 2009 – 6 August 2012
* Henry Kofi Wampah 6 August 2012 – 31 March 2016
* Abdul Nashiru Issahaku 1 April 2016 – 31 March 2017
* Ernest Addison 1 April 2017 – 2025
* Dr. Johnson Asiama 3 February 2025 – Present

## Sashen
A shekara ta 1957, bankin ya fara kasuwanci tare da manyan sassan shida wato:

* Ofishin gwamnoni
* Sashen gudanarwa / ma'aikata
* Ma'aikatar banki
* Sashen batutuwan
* Sashen lissafi / binciken
* Sashen tattalin arziki / kididdiga

Sakataren kwamitin ne ke jagorantar ofishin gwamnoni, yayin da sauran sassan ke jagoranta da manajoji waɗanda ke ba da rahoto kai tsaye ga mataimakin gwamnan ko kuma a lokuta na musamman ga gwamnan. Manajoji ne ke gudanar da sassan daidai da haka, tare da manufofi da yanke shawara da aka samu ta hanyar gudanarwa ta cikin gida daidai da manufofin da kwamitin gudanarwa na cikin gida ya samu wanda ya hada da gwamnan, mataimakin gwamnan da shugabannin sashen uku ko hudu da gwamnan ya nada.

Tare da wannan tsari na farko, Bankin Ghana ya ɗauki babban rawar da yake takawa a cikin tsarin banki na Ghana, wanda ya ƙunshi babban bankin, bankunan kasuwanci guda biyu na kasashen waje - Bankin Burtaniya na Yammacin Afirka (BBWA) (yanzu Bankin Standard Chartered) da Bankin Barclays Limited (Dominion, Colonial da Overseas); da kuma sabon Bankin Kasuwancin Ghana (*GCB*).

Har ila yau, akwai Bankin Tsaro na Ofishin Jakadancin (POSB), wanda a zahiri, ba banki ba ne ta hanyar ma'anar; kawai wata hukuma ce da gwamnati ta kafa don tattara ajiyar jama'a ta hanyar ofisoshin ofisoshin gidan waya da yawa a kasar, don saka hannun jari a cikin takardar gwamnati.

Dangantaka da sauran bankunan a cikin tsarin an tsara su a ƙarƙashin sashe na 39 - 42 na Dokar 1957. Da farko, dangantakar ba ta da ƙarfi sosai. Babban Bankin ya yi aiki a matsayin banki ga wasu bankunan kuma ya hada kai da su don ingantawa da kula da isasshen sabis na banki ga jama'a. Har ila yau, don tabbatar da manyan ka'idoji da gudanarwa a cikin tsarin banki. An kuma ba bankin iko don buƙatar bankunan su kula da rabo na kadarorinsu a cikin takamaiman tsari da kuma gabatar da dawowar kowane wata akan ayyukansu ga Babban Bankin. Koyaya, kulawar banki ko jarrabawar banki ba a nuna shi musamman a cikin Dokar ba.

## Ayyuka
A matsayin Babban Bankin Ghana, yana aiki kamar haka:

* Shirya da aiwatar da manufofin kudi da nufin cimma burin Bankin;
* Ingantawa ta hanyar ma'auni na kudi daidaita darajar kudin a ciki da waje da Ghana;
* Matakan cibiyar da za su iya yin tasiri mai kyau a kan ma'aunin biyan kuɗi, yanayin kudaden jama'a, da ci gaban tattalin arzikin ƙasa gaba ɗaya.
* Gudanar da, sa ido, da kuma jagorantar tsarin banki da bashi da kuma tabbatar da aiki mai kyau na bangaren kudi;
* Ingantawa, tsarawa, da kuma kula da tsarin biyan kuɗi da daidaitawa;
* Bayar da kuma fansar bayanan kuɗi da tsabar kudi;
* Tabbatar da ingantaccen kulawa da gudanar da ayyukan kudi na waje na Ghana;
* lasisi, tsarawa, ingantawa, da kuma kula da cibiyoyin hada-hadar kudi wadanda ba na banki ba;
* Yi aiki a matsayin mai banki da mai ba da shawara kan kudi ga Gwamnati;
* Ingantawa da kiyaye dangantaka da cibiyoyin banki da na kudi na kasa da kasa kuma suna ƙarƙashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki ko duk wani tsari mai dacewa, aiwatar da yarjejeniyar kudi ta kasa da kasa wacce Ghana ta kasance jam'iyya; da
* Yi duk sauran abubuwan da ba su dace ba ko kuma suna da kyau ga ingantaccen aikinta a ƙarƙashin wannan Dokar da duk wani doka.

## Bankin Ghana a cikin labarai

### Shari'a

#### Dokta Papa Kwesi Nduom da Sauran
A watan Agustan 2019, Dokta Papa Kwesi Nduom da sauran mutane sun shigar da kara a kan Bankin Ghana da sauran bangarorin game da soke lasisin Bankin GN / Savings. 

Bankin Ghana ya kalubalanci ikon Babban Kotun ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa, kamar yadda Dokar Bankin ta tanada, ya kamata a warware batutuwan soke lasisi ta hanyar sasantawa maimakon shari'ar kotu.

### Rashin jituwa

#### ''Sabon Bankin Ghana Hedkwatar''
A watan Agustan 2023, Bankin Ghana ta hanyar sanarwar manema labarai da aka bayyana tare da hujjoji, tafiyarsa ta gina sabon hedikwatar don maye gurbin ginin da ke yanzu. Bankin Ghana a Accra ya fitar da takarda a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta, 2023, wanda ke dauke da wannan bayyanar.

Shawarwarin gina sabon ginin ya sadu da halayen da suka haɗu yayin da Ƙananan a Majalisar Dokokin Ghana da wasu Ƙungiyoyin Jama'a suka yi tsayayya da sabon ginin, suna mai cewa irin waɗannan ayyukan ba su da mahimmanci saboda yanayin tattalin arzikin ƙasar na yanzu. Sakamakon haka, sun soki Gwamnan Bankin Ghana da mataimakansa, suna roƙon su sauka kuma suna bayyana shirin su na gudanar da zanga-zanga a Bankin Ghana a ranar 5 ga Satumba, 2023, suna neman barin waɗannan jami'an.

Sauran fitattun mambobin kungiyar ciki har da Dormaahene, Osagyefo Oseadeeyo Agyemang Badu II sun kuma nuna ajiyarsu game da shawarar shugabancin Bankin Ghana.

A gefe guda, Mataimakin Ministan Kasuwanci, Dokta Stephen Amoah, ya kira matakin wadanda ke kira ga murabus din gwamnan ba dole ba ne.

## Kyaututtuka da girmamawa
A watan Oktoba 2020, Bankin Ghana ya zama babban bankin mafi kyau a lambar yabo ta bakwai ta Babban Bankin.

## Manazarta