Rikicin ruwa na Chile

Rikicin ruwa na Chile lokaci ne na matsanancin karancin ruwa da fari a Chile wanda ya fara a cikin 2010 don mayar da martani ga sauyin yanayi, ayyukan noma da manufofin da aka kafa a farkon 1980s. Wannan shi ne fari mafi dadewa da aka samu a Chile cikin sama da shekaru 700 zuwa 1,000. 

Rikicin da aka fara a shekarar 2010 ya ba da gudummawa wajen sa manyan yankunan kasar Chile suka fi fuskantar gobarar daji.A tsakiyar Chile ciyayi da yawa na halitta sun sami raguwar matakan chlorophyll da kuzari sakamakon megadrought.

## Tarihi

### Tattalin Arziki da Siyasa
Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Chile na 1980 da aka kirkira a ƙarƙashin mulkin kama-karya na Augusto Pinochet ya amince da ruwa a matsayin mallakar masu zaman kansu kuma a cikin 1980, gwamnatinsa ta sake rubuta dokokin da ke tsara ruwa, ta ba da sayarwa da mallakar ruwa a hanyar da ta yi kama da kasuwar hannun jari. Sayar da haƙƙin ruwa ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka haifar da ƙananan matakan ruwa a wasu yankuna. Tattalin arzikin Chile ya ci gaba zuwa mafi yawan fitarwa kuma saboda mallakar ruwa; zuwa 2022, gandun daji - wanda ke wakiltar kashi 3% na Babban kayan cikin gida na kasar - ya cinye kashi 59% na ruwan Chile, aikin gona ya yi amfani da kashi 37% kuma an ba da kashi 2% kawai don amfani da mutum.  

### fari
Chile ta fara fuskantar fari a cikin 2010 kuma a cikin 2020, hazo ya kasance 20-45% na matsakaicin ƙasa da 10-20% na matsakaitan a yankin Santiago. A cewar René D. Garreaud, na Jami'ar Chile, fari ya kasance mafi tsananin a yankin a cikin sama da shekaru 1,000. A lokacin Rikicin ruwa na Petorca, an gano a cikin 2011 cewa manyan kamfanonin noma suna satar ruwa daga hanyoyin ruwa na Kogin Petorca.

Ya zuwa shekarar 2020, kusan 'yan kasar Chile 500,000 sun dogara da motocin jigilar ruwa kuma dubun dubatar dabbobi sun mutu sakamakon fari. A cikin 2021, bincike da Journal of Climate ya buga ya bayyana cewa "Southern Blob" wanda wani bangare ya haifar da canjin yanayi yana kara ta'azzara fari. By 2022, Chile ta kasance matsayi na 16th na 164 don damuwa da ruwa a duniya a cewar Jami'ar Chile. A cikin Afrilu 2022, Chile ta kafa tsarin rabon ruwa mai hawa huɗu; mataki na biyu ya hada da sanarwar jama'a, na uku zai rage karfin ruwa kuma mafi girman matakin zai juya tasoshin ruwa na tsawon sa'o'i 24.

### Abubuwan da suka faru

* **1985** - Shekara ta farko a zamanin yau da Kogin Petorca ya bushe bisa ga Lorena Donaire na Modatima . 
* **2018** - Laguna de Aculeo tun daga 2018 tafkin busassun ne. Kashewar tafkin shine sakamakon ruwan sama na kasa da matsakaici a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata kuma saboda ayyukan ɗan adam waɗanda ke karkatar da koguna da kuma fitar da ruwan ƙasa daga aquifers, wanda duka biyu sun cika tafkin.
* **2020**
** El Teniente mine a cikin Andes ya rufe wasu masu niƙa ma'adinai da aka ba su karancin ruwa don gudanar da su.
* **2022**
** Rashin tafkin Embalse de Peñuela ya bushe.
** A karo na farko a tarihi, an sanar da shirin rarraba ruwa ga Santiago.
* **2023**
** A karo na farko da aka taba yi, Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta ayyana Yankin Magallanes, yankin kudancin Chile, a cikin "farin aikin gona" wanda fari ya haifar. Abubuwan da suka haifar da wannan halin sune shekarun 2022 da 2021 waɗanda ke da karancin ruwan sama. 2021 musamman ita ce shekara ta huɗu mafi bushewa da aka sani tun lokacin da aka fara rikodin yanayi.
** Rashin iyawar Kogin Maipo na karya ta bakin bakinsa bayan guguwar guguwa a watan Janairun 2023 an ba da izini ga ƙarancin fitarwa wanda ya haifar da yawan ruwa.  

## Dubi kuma

* fari a Chile
* Babban fari na 1968

## Bayanan da aka ambata