Yanayin Dorset

Dorset wani yanki ne da ke tsakiyar kudancin Ingila . Yana tsakanin latitudes 50.512 ° N da 51.081 ° N da longitudes 1.682 ° W da 2.958 ° W, kuma yana da yanki na 2,653 km2 (1,024 sq . Ya kai kilomita 90 (56  daga gabas zuwa yamma da kilomita 63 (39 mi) daga arewa zuwa kudu.&nbsp;

Ilimin kasa na Dorset ya bambanta;  galibin duwatsun daban-daban da aka samu a cikin faffadan kudu maso gabas na Ingila sun mamaye iyakokinta.  Tsofaffin duwatsu (wanda aka kafa a zamanin Jurassic na Farko) ana samun su a yammacin gundumar;  Gabaɗaya ci gaba zuwa gabas yana bayyana ƙarami da aka kafa a tsakiyar zamani da ƙarshen Jurassic, da lokacin Cretaceous da Paleogene.  Yawancin tsaunin teku a cikin gundumar, musamman a kusa da garin Lyme Regis, suna da wadatar burbushin fallasa.

Ƙasar Dorset ƙasa ce ƙasa a cikin yanayi, kodayake tudu a sassa da yawa.  Matsayi mafi girma a cikin gundumar shine Dutsen Lewesdon, 279m sama da matakin teku.  Fasalin mafi yawan gundumar ya ƙunshi tuddai da ƙungiyar Chalk ta kafa;  waɗannan tsaunuka sun haɗa da Dorset Downs (wani lokaci ana kiranta Arewa Dorset Downs), sassan Dorset Downs ta Kudu, da Dutsen Purbeck.  A arewacin Dorset Downs shine Blackmore Vale, wani yanki mai ƙanƙanci na yumbu da duwatsun ƙasa na zamanin Jurassic.  Kudu-maso-gabas na gundumar wani yanki ne na Basin Hampshire, tsarin daidaitawa na asymmetric wanda aka rufe cikin yashi da tsakuwa na zamanin Paleogene.

Manyan koguna a cikin gundumar sune Stour, Frome da Piddle . Stour ita ce kogin da ya fi girma a gundumar, kodayake asalinsa yana cikin unguwar Wiltshire da ke makwabtaka. Frome da Piddle dukansu suna cikin gundumar.

Dukan bakin tekun Dorset an sanya shi wani ɓangare na Gidan Tarihin Duniya na Jurassic Coast, kuma yana ƙunshe da misalai na wurare daban-daban na bakin tekun, suna nuna nau'ikan ilimin ƙasa. A 191m Golden Cap shine dutse mafi girma a kudancin Ingila.

Abubuwan da ke cikin Dorset sun sake nuna ainihin ilimin ƙasa. Yammacin Turai mafi girma a kan iyaka yana ƙarƙashin kudu maso gabashin gundumar. Dutsen Portland da Dutsen Purbeck dukansu an yi amfani da su tsawon ƙarni don samar da kayan gini ga gine-gine a duniya. Ana yin yumbu na Purbeck don amfani da shi wajen samar da tukwane mai kyau.

Babban amfani da ƙasa a Dorset shine noma. A kan tuddai na chalk wannan yana da yawa ana noma, yayin da a cikin kwari da kwari ya fi gauraya da makiyaya. Yankin yashi da yashi tsakanin garuruwan Dorchester da Poole an rufe su da tarihi, kodayake yawancin wannan yanzu an yi amfani da shi. 53% na gundumar an sanya su a matsayin Yankin Kyakkyawan Kyakkyawar Halitta, kuma akwai Sites 139 na Kimiyyar Kimiyya ta Musamman, wanda ke rufe yanki na  kilomita 199.45 (77.01 sq .

Dorset yanki ne na karkara; mafi girma a cikin gundumar kuma kawai babban birni shine yankin kudu maso gabashin Dorset, wanda ya dogara da garuruwan Poole, Bournemouth da Christchurch, tare da jimillar yawan jama'a kusan 400,000. Yawan jama'ar gundumar gabaɗaya ya kai 714,900. Ginin yana da belin kore da ke kewaye da shi don hana Yaduwar birane da kuma samar da wasu kariya ga yankin da ya fi girma.

Dorset wani yanki ne a tsakiyar kudancin Ingila . Yana tsakanin latitudes 50.512 ° N da 51.081 ° N da longitudes 1.682 ° W da 2.958 ° W, kuma yana da yanki na 2,653 km2 (1,024 sq . Ya kai kilomita 90 (56  daga gabas zuwa yamma da kilomita 63 (39 mi) daga arewa zuwa kudu.&nbsp;

Don dalilai na kananan hukumomi, an raba Dorset zuwa hukumomi guda biyu. Bournemouth,_Christchurch_and_Poole" id="mwWA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole">Bournemouth, Christchurch da Poole (BCP), a kudu maso gabashin gundumar, suna ɗaukar mafi yawan yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Dorset, yayin da sauran gundumar ke ƙarƙashin ikon Dorset. Har zuwa sauye-sauyen kananan hukumomi a cikin 2019, Majalisar Dorset County ce ta yi aiki da mafi yawan gundumar (wanda aka raba zuwa gundumomi shida da ba na birni ba), yayin da Poole da Bournemouth hukumomi ne masu haɗin kai. 

Ilimin ƙasa na Dorset ya bambanta; yawancin duwatsu daban-daban da aka samu a kudu maso gabashin Ingila suna cikin iyakokinta. Tsarin ilimin ƙasa na gundumar yana da sauƙin gani a wurare, yana mai da Dorset wuri mai dacewa don nazarin ilimin ƙasa. Duwatsun da ke fitowa a Dorset duk sun samo asali ne daga asalin ƙasa, kuma an kafa su ne a cikin Jurassic, Cretaceous da Paleogene na tarihin ilimin ƙasa. Ana samun tsofaffin duwatsu a yamma da arewacin gundumar, mafi ƙanƙanta a gabas. Kudu maso gabashin gundumar ta mamaye ƙarshen yammacin Hampshire Basin, haɗin kai wanda ke da babban ɓangare na tsakiyar kudancin Ingila.

## Tuddan da kwari

### Dorset Downs

Dorset Downs tsaunukan alli ne da aka kafa ta hanyar rukunin Chalk Group, sashin ƙasa wanda kuma ya mamaye yawancin kudanci da gabashin Ingila.  An kafa alli wanda ya ƙunshi ƙasa a zamanin Cretaceous, lokacin da yankin da yanzu ake kira Dorset ya kasance ƙasa da matakin teku.  Dorset Downs sune mafi girman alli a cikin Dorset, kuma sun mamaye yawancin tsakiyar gundumar.  Sun shimfiɗa arewa maso gabas daga Eggardon Hill da Beaminster Down a yammacin gundumar, zuwa Bell Hill da Hill Shillingstone wanda ke kallon Kogin Stour kusa da Dandalin Blandford.  Tsaunukan alli suna ci gaba a wancan gefen kwarin Stour kamar Cranborne Chase.  Downs wani yanki ne na gefen arewa na Basin Hampshire, wanda ke nutsewa a hankali zuwa kudu maso gabas daga gangaren da ke fuskantar arewa.  Raƙuman raƙuman ruwa na yanayi ko lokacin sanyi ne ke jujjuya gangaren gangaren alli, waɗanda suka samar da kwaruruka da yawa masu kama da juna waɗanda suka daidaita arewa zuwa kudu.

### Blackmore Valley
Blackmore Vale wani kwari ne mai zurfi na ƙasa mai ƙasƙanci a arewacin gundumar. Yankin ba shi da bambanci, amma kusan ya dace da wannan ɓangaren yankin Kogin Stour wanda ke arewacin Dorset Downs da yammacin Cranborne Chase. Wani bangare yana cikin kudancin Somerset . Yankunan dutse da ke ƙasa galibi na zamanin Jurassic ne, wanda ya ƙunshi manyan igiyoyi na yumɓu (Oxford Clay da Kimmeridge Clay) da aka raba ta ƙananan igiyoyi na dutse (Corallian limestone da Cornbrash), tare da kunkuntar ƙwayoyin Early Cretaceous Greensand da Gault yumbu kusa da tuddan chalk. Sauran raƙuman yumɓu da dutse mai laushi suna haifar da bene na kwarin yana da hankali maimakon a kwance.
 
Marshwood Vale kwari ne mai siffar kwano a cikin iyakar yammacin gundumar. Gidansa ya ƙunshi yumɓu na Lower Lias  wanda ke samar da ƙasa mai laushi mafi dacewa da makiyaya. Kogin Char ne ya zubar da shi, wanda ke gudana daga kudu maso yamma zuwa gabar teku a Charmouth. An kewaye shi da tuddai, gami da maki biyu mafi girma a cikin gundumar, Lewesdon Hill (mita 279) da Pilsdon Pen (mita 277).

Dutsen Purbeck layin tuddai ne da ke gudana daga gabas zuwa yamma tare da tsakiyar tsibirin da aka sani da Isle of Purbeck . An kafa su ne da chalk na wannan Chalk Group kamar Dorset Downs zuwa arewa; bayan Purbeck Hills ganuwar ganuwar ta shimfiɗa zuwa yamma zuwa Kudancin Dorset downs, wanda ya haɗu da arewacin yammacin Dorchester. Dutsen Purbeck wani nau'i ne, wani nau'in geological wanda ya kasance daga kimanin shekaru miliyan 30 da suka gabata, wanda ya haifar da wannan haɗuwa da faranti na tectonic wanda ya gina Alps. Rashin daidaituwa a cikin tudun a Corfe Castle da Arish Mell saboda kuskuren da ke haifar da raunanawar chalk.
 
Cranborne Chase ya ƙunshi ci gaba da wannan nau'in chalk wanda ya samar da Dorset Downs zuwa kudu maso yamma; an raba shi daga Downs ta kwarin Kogin Stour, wanda ya yanke ta hanyar chalk a Blandford Forum. Cranborne Chase yana cikin wani ɓangare a cikin maƙwabcin gundumar Wiltshire. Yankin da ba shi da yawan jama'a wanda ke da itatuwa sosai a sassa. Sunan 'chase' ya fito ne daga amfani da shi a baya a matsayin yankin farauta.

## Koguna da tabkuna

### Kogin Stour

A tsawon mil 60, Kogin Stour shine kogin Dorset mafi tsayi, kodayake tushen sa yana wajen iyakar gundumar a Stourhead a Wiltshire zuwa arewa.  Yana shiga Dorset kusa da ƙauyen Bourton, sannan yana gudana gabaɗaya kudu ta hanyar Blackmore Vale ta garuruwan Gillingham da Sturminster Newton.  Kusan gaba dayan Blackmore Vale yana cikin wurin kamawa na Stour.  Ya bar Blackmore Vale a cikin wani kwari mai zurfi wanda ya yanke ta cikin tsaunin alli;  Don haka ya haifar da rarrabuwa tsakanin Dorset Downs zuwa kudu maso yamma da Cranborne Chase zuwa arewa maso gabas.  Shi kadai ne daga cikin kogin Dorset wanda ya bi ta alli ta wannan hanya.  Daga nan yana gudana gabaɗaya kudu maso gabas ta Blandford Forum da kuma kewayen yankunan arewacin Bournemouth, don shiga tashar Turanci ta tashar tashar Christchurch.  Tafiya ce ta kusan mil 3 na ƙarshe.  Manyan magudanan ruwa na Stour sune Kogin Cale da Kogin Lydden a cikin Blackmore Vale, da Kogin Moors da Kogin Allen waɗanda ke haɗuwa da Stour a cikin ƙasan sa bayan ya wuce ta alli.

### Kogin Frome
A tsawon kilomita 30, Kogin Frome yana da rabin tsawon Stour, duk da haka ba kamar Stour ba, Frome yana cikin iyakar gundumar, yana tashi a ƙauyen Evershot a kan Dorset Downs, kuma yana shiga Channel ta hanyar Poole Harbour. Yankin da yake da shi yana da murabba'in kilomita 181, ko kuma kashi ɗaya cikin shida na gundumar. Har ila yau, ya bambanta da Stour a cikin cewa a samansa yana da rafi na chalk, kuma har ma lokacin da ya bar chalk kuma yana gudana a kan yashi da dutse a gabashin Dorchester, nauyinsa na laka daga chalk ya isa ya hana acidity kuma ya haifar da makiyaya masu kyau da ruwa. Manyan hanyoyin da ke cikin Frome sune Kogin Hooke da Kogin Cerne .

### Kogin Piddle (River Trent)
 
Kogin Piddle (sunan madadin: Kogin Trent) ya bi irin wannan kuma kusan layi daya zuwa Frome, yana tashi da 'yan mil zuwa gabas a kan ƙauyen Alton Pancras, sannan yana gudana kusan kudu maso gabas ta hanyar ƙauye da kan yashi da dutse don isa Channel Channel ta hanyar Poole Harbour. A kan hanyarsa yana ba da sunansa ga ƙauyuka da yawa, kowannensu yana ɗauke da prefix 'Piddle' ko 'Puddle'. Piddle ita ce kawai kogi a Dorset da ke da madadin suna.

Akwai ƙananan koguna da rafi da yawa a Dorset waɗanda ba su zama wani ɓangare na magudanan Stour, Frome ko Piddle ba. Yawancin waɗannan suna zubar da gajerun yankuna tsakanin tuddai na bakin teku da Channel Channel. A cikin iyakar yamma, Kogin Char ya zubar da Marshwood Valley kuma ya shiga Channel a Charmouth. Kogin Brit ya tashi a arewacin Beaminster, yana gudana a kudu ta Bridport kuma ya shiga Channel a West Bay. Kusa da ƙauyen Burton Bradstock, kimanin mil 1 a gabashin bakin Brit, shine ƙarshen ƙaramin Kogin Bride; wannan ya tashi a Bridehead a cikin tuddai tsakanin Dorchester da Bridport, kuma yana gudana zuwa yamma kusan mil bakwai "kafin nutsewa cikin shingle"  na Chesil Beach. Ƙarin gabas tare da bakin tekun shine Kogin Wey, wanda ke gudana cikin Tafkin Radipole a Weymouth, kuma ya shiga Channel ta hanyar Weymouth Harbour.

### Tafkuna
Dorset ba ta da manyan tabkuna na ruwa mai laushi, kuma mafi yawan tabkuna na ruwan sha a cikin gundumar suna wanzu akai-akai sakamakon aikin ɗan adam maimakon kasancewa na halitta. Wasu manyan gidajen ƙasa, alal misali Sherborne Castle da Crichel House, suna da tabkuna a matsayin wani ɓangare na shimfidar filayen su. Ayyukan yumbu na ball a Tsibirin Purbeck sun bar gado na ƙananan tabkuna da yawa, mafi shahara shine Blue Pool.

### Laguna masu ruwan 'ya'yan itace
Dorset tana da ruwa mai yawa, gami da The Fleet, Radipole Lake da Lodmoor .

Baya ga bakin teku Poole Harbour, bakin tekun Dorset yana da tsawon kilomita 142 (88   kuma yana fuskantar Channel Channel. Ya shimfiɗa daga Lyme Regis a yamma zuwa Highcliffe a gabas. Manyan ƙauyuka a bakin tekun sune, daga yamma zuwa gabas, Lyme Regis, Weymouth, Swanage, Poole, Bournemouth da Christchurch, kodayake yawancin bakin tekun ba a rufe su da ci gaban birane ba. Yankin bakin tekun Dorset ya ƙunshi nau'o'i daban-daban na bakin teku, gami da dutsen, bays, tuddai, babban tashar jiragen ruwa da rairayin bakin teku.

### Yankin Yammacin Jurassic

Kusan dukkanin tsawon bakin tekun Dorset ya zama babban bangare na Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site, wanda aka tsara a shekara ta 2001. Wannan bakin tekun sananne ne ga iri-iri a cikin tsarin yanayin ƙasa da kuma yanayin ƙasa, da kuma yawan burbushin da aka samu a cikin dutsensa. Duwatsun Jurassic Coast a Dorset suna da shekaru daga Early Jurassic a yamma zuwa Cretaceous a gabas. A cikin tsawon bakin tekun Dorset za a iya samun misalai na kusan zagaye (Lulworth Cove), wani yanki mai zurfi da aka fallasa a bayyane kuma mai sauƙin isa (Stair Hole), wani nau'in teku na halitta (Durdle Door), tarin teku (Old Harry Rocks), mai aiki (Black Ven), da kuma tsaunuka masu yawa kuma sau da yawa masu ban mamaki, gami da dutse mafi girma a kudancin Ingila, Golden Cap.

Tsibirin Portland tsibiri ne da ke da alaƙa da ke cikin Channel Channel Channel kasa da kilomita 8 (5.0  kudu daga Weymouth, a kusan tsakiyar tsakiyar iyakar Dorset. Yana auna kimanin kilomita 4 a tsawon da kilomita 1.5 a faɗin a mafi faɗin sa. An haɗa shi da ƙasar ne kawai ta hanyar ƙanƙanin shingle wanda ke samar da Chesil Beach. An hada shi gaba ɗaya daga Dutsen dutse na Portland, wanda aka yi amfani da shi sosai tsawon ƙarni don amfani da shi azaman dutse na gini. Babban wurin zama a kan tsibirin shine Fortuneswell . Tsakanin Fortuneswell da Weymouth akwai Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Portland, daya daga cikin manyan tashar jiragen mmiri da aka yi da mutum a duniya.

Tsibirin Purbeck yanki ne mai faɗi a kudu maso gabashin gundumar, wanda ke da iyaka da Channel Channel zuwa kudu da gabas, da kuma Poole Harbour zuwa arewa. Dutsen dutsen Purbeck ya ratsa tsakiyar tsibirin daga yamma zuwa gabas. A arewacin tudun akwai yankuna da yawa na tsaunuka, waɗanda a wurare da yawa an tono su don Purbeck Ball Clay. Yankin bakin tekun Purbeck ya bambanta kuma yana dauke da yashi mai yashi, tuddai na chalk da dutse mai, da kuma shales da karamin rijiyar mai a Kimmeridge. Babban wurin zama a kan Purbeck shine garin Swanage na bakin teku.

### Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Poole
Poole Harbor babban tashar jiragen ruwa ne amma mara zurfi a kudu-maso-gabashin gundumar, zuwa arewacin tsibirin Purbeck da yamma na yankin kudu maso gabashin Dorset.  Yana daya daga cikin manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na duniya, mai fadin murabba'in mil 14.  An kafa ta ne kimanin shekaru 6,000 da suka gabata bayan zamanin ƙanƙara na ƙarshe, yayin da hawan teku ya mamaye kwarurukan kogunan Frome da Piddle, [1] waɗanda yanzu ke kwarara zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa daga yamma.  Ƙofar tashar jiragen ruwa, a gefenta na gabas tsakanin Sandbanks Peninsula da South Haven Point, kunkuntar ce, ƙasa da mil 0.25.  Gaɓar tekun ba bisa ka'ida ba ne kuma an haɗa shi da ɗimbin ƙananan ramummuka da tashoshi, waɗanda yawancin ƙananan ɓangarorin da ke bazuwa cikin jikin tashar jiragen ruwa.  Har ila yau tashar jiragen ruwa tana dauke da kananan tsibirai da yawa, mafi girma daga cikinsu shine tsibirin Brownsea.

### Yankin Chesil

Chesil Beach wani rairayin bakin teku ne a kudu maso yammacin gundumar. Yana da tsawon kilomita 29 (18  kuma yana tsakanin West Bay da Isle of Portland,  kodayake sunan Chesil Beach ana amfani dashi ne kawai ga kudu maso gabashin Abbotsbury, inda aka raba shi daga ƙasar da ke bayansa da babban jikin ruwa mai laushi da ake kira The Fleet . Chesil Beach ya ƙunshi shingle da duwatsu waɗanda aka ƙaddara a girman daga ƙananan barbashi a yamma zuwa mafi girma a gabas.

## Kare muhalli
Akwai yankuna biyu na National Landscape (wanda aka fi sani da, kuma har yanzu an sanya shi bisa doka a matsayin Yankin Kyakkyawan Kyakkyawar Halitta) a Dorset:

* Dukkanin Yanayin Kasa na Dorset
* Wani ɓangare na Cranborne Chase da West Wiltshire Downs National Landscape

### Green belt
 
Gidan kore na Dorset kawai yana cikin kudancin gundumar, kewaye da Kudancin Gabashin Dorset Conurbation, tare da sauran al'ummomin da ke kusa, suna ba da kariya tsakanin yankin birni da Cranborne Chase. An fara rubuta shi ne a cikin shekarun 1950.

## Albarkatun halitta

### Mai
Dorset tana da filayen mai 3 a kudu maso gabashin gundumar, a Wareham, Kimmeridge da Wytch Farm. Ginin Wytch yana tsakanin tsaunukan Purbeck da Poole Harbour; Purbeck Monocline ya bayyana iyakar kudancin filin. Wytch Farm tana samar da mai tun 1979. A 'yan mil zuwa kudu maso yamma a Kimmeridge, wani jaki mai nutding yana fitar da mai daga ƙarƙashin dutsen shale tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1950, kodayake amfanin gona yana raguwa.

### Dutsen Portland
 
An yi amfani da tsibirin Portland sosai don dutsen Portland na ƙarni da yawa. Dutsen Portland dutse ne mai laushi wanda yake da daraja sosai a matsayin dutse na gini saboda yana da kyan gani, yana da sauƙin aiki, kuma yana tsayayya da yanayin zafi. An yi amfani da shi tun da daɗewa wajen gina muhimman gine-gine a Burtaniya da kuma duniya baki daya.

### Dutsen Purbeck
Purbeck limestone dutse ne na gini wanda aka tono a kan karamin sikelin a Isle of Purbeck . Purbeck marble, wani nau'in Purbeck limestone, ana amfani da shi a can amma yanzu ana cire shi ne kawai a wasu lokuta a cikin ƙananan adadi don wasu ayyukan sabuntawa.

### Yumbu na Purbeck
Yumbu na Purbeck ya ƙunshi kaolinite, Mica da Quartz. Yana da asalin sedimentary, tun da yake an kafa shi a Lokacin Eocene a cikin wani yanayi na musamman na Wareham Basin na lokacin. Don haka ana samun sa a yau a arewacin rabin Isle of Purbeck, zuwa arewacin Purbeck Hills, kuma ana amfani da shi wajen samar da tukwane masu kyau. An yi amfani da shi a kan babban sikelin tun daga tsakiyar karni na 18; An gina hanyar jirgin kasa ta farko ta Dorset a cikin 1806 don jigilar kayan da aka tono. Har yanzu ana tono shi a yau.