Kyakkyawan Tunanin

**TESCREAL** wani tsari neologism ne da masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta Timnit Gebru da masanin falsafa Émile P. Torres suka gabatar. Kalmar "taƙaitaccen bayani", tana nufin Transhumanism, Extropianism, Singularitarianism, (modern) Cosmism, Rationalists (al'ummar intanet, ba za a ruɗe ta da sauran amfani da kalmar ba), Inganci Altruism, da Longtermism .   Gebru da Torres suna jayayya cewa ya kamata a ɗauki waɗannan akidu a matsayin ƙungiya "mai haɗin kai da haɗuwa" tare da asali iri ɗaya. Suna da'awar cewa waɗannan sun ƙunshi motsi wanda ke ba wa masu goyon bayansa damar amfani da barazanar halaka ɗan adam don ba da hujjar ayyuka masu tsada ko masu cutarwa kuma suna ɗaukar su yaɗuwa a cikin da'irar zamantakewa da ilimi a Silicon Valley wanda ke mai da hankali kan fasahar wucin gadi .  Saboda haka, wani lokacin ana amfani da kalmar "taƙaitaccen bayani" don sukar tsarin imani da aka yi imani da shi wanda ke da alaƙa da Big Tech .   

## Asali
Gebru da Torres sun gabatar da kalmar "TESCREAL" a shekarar 2023, inda suka fara amfani da ita a cikin daftarin takarda mai taken "The TESCREAL fakitin: Eugenics da alƙawarin utopia ta hanyar fasahar kere-kere ta wucin gadi ".    ta buga takardar a watan Afrilun 2024, kodayake Torres da Gebru sun shahara da kalmar a wani wuri  kafin a buga jaridar. A cewar Gebru da Torres, transhumanism, extropianism, singularitarianism, (modern) cosmism, rationalism, effective altruism, da longtermism "cuku" ne na "akidu masu alaƙa da juna" waɗanda suka fito daga eugenics na ƙarni na 20, tare da magabatan da suka raba.  Suna amfani da kalmar "TESCREList" don nufin mutanen da a cikin hukuncinsu suka amince da, ko kuma suka bayyana suna goyon bayan, kowane ko duk akidu da aka kama a cikin acronym.  

## Bincike
A cewar masu sukar waɗannan falsafar, TESCREAL ya bayyana ƙungiyoyi masu haɗuwa da manyan mutane a masana'antar fasaha suka amince da su don samar da goyon baya na ilimi don ci gaba da ba da fifiko ga ayyuka ciki har da basirar gabaɗaya ta wucin gadi (AGI), faɗaɗa rayuwa, da kuma mulkin mallaka a sararin samaniya .    Marubucin almara na kimiyya Charles Stross, yana amfani da misalin mulkin mallaka a sararin samaniya, ya yi jayayya cewa akidun suna ba wa attajirai damar bin manyan ayyukan sirri waɗanda fassarar almarar kimiyya ta hannun dama ke jagoranta ta hanyar jayayya cewa rashin bin irin waɗannan ayyukan yana haifar da haɗari ga al'umma.  Gebru da Torres sun rubuta cewa, ta amfani da barazanar ɓacewa, masu binciken TESCREAL za su iya ba da hujjar "ƙoƙarin gina tsarin da ba a tantance ba waɗanda ba su da aminci a zahiri".  Masanin watsa labarai Ethan Zuckerman ya yi jayayya cewa ta hanyar la'akari da manufofi masu mahimmanci ga motsi na TESCREAL kawai, ayyukan gaba masu fa'ida nan take, kamar rashin daidaiton launin fata, son zuciya na algorithmic, da lalata muhalli, za a iya ba da hujja. 

Masanin Falsafa Yogi Hale Hendlin ya yi jayayya cewa ta hanyar yin watsi da abubuwan da ke haifar da matsalolin zamantakewa da kuma hanyoyin da suka wuce gona da iri na injiniyanci, masu ilimin TESCREAL sun yi watsi da mahallin da matsaloli da yawa ke tasowa.  Camille Sojit Pejcha ta rubuta a cikin *Mujallar Document* cewa TESCREAL kayan aiki ne ga manyan masana fasaha don tattara iko.  A cikin *The Washington Spectator*, Dave Troy ya kira TESCREAL " ƙarshe yana tabbatar da hanyar " motsi wanda ya saba wa "mulkin dimokuradiyya, haɗaka, adalci, haƙuri, da adalci".  Gil Duran ya rubuta cewa "TESCREAL", "fasahar mulki mai iko", da "fasahar fasaha" an yi amfani da su a farkon 2024 don bayyana sabuwar akida da ke tasowa a masana'antar fasaha. 

Gebru, Torres, da sauransu sun kwatanta TESCREAL da addini na duniya saboda kamanceceniya da tauhidin Kirista da kuma koyarwar ƙarshen zamani .      Marubuta a cikin  sun kwatanta waɗannan falsafar da kuma kyakkyawan fata na fasaha da "kowace irin bangaskiyar da ba ta da addini ɗaya... inda ake ganin masu shakka a matsayin maƙiya kuma ana karɓar imani ba tare da shaida ba". Suna jayayya cewa bin TESCREAL zai hana raba gaskiya tsakanin mutane.  nan gaba. 

### Ƙwaƙwalwar wucin gadi
Yawancin tattaunawa game da haɗarin wanzuwa daga AGI yana faruwa ne tsakanin waɗanda Gebru da Torres suka bayyana a matsayin masu goyon bayan akidun TESCREAL.    Ana ɗaukar masu TESCREAL a matsayin "masu hanzarta AI", waɗanda ke ɗaukar AI a matsayin hanya ɗaya tilo ta bi sahun makomar utopian inda ake magance matsaloli, ko kuma " masu ƙaddarar AI", waɗanda ke ɗaukar AI a matsayin wanda ba shi da alaƙa da rayuwar ɗan adam kuma yana iya haifar da halakar ɗan adam.   Duk da haɗarin, masu ƙaddarar da yawa suna ɗaukar ci gaban AGI wanda ba makawa kuma suna jayayya cewa ta hanyar haɓakawa da daidaita AGI da farko za a iya guje wa haɗarin wanzuwa.  

Gebru ya kwatanta rikicin da ke tsakanin masu hanzarin gaggawa da masu hallakarwa da "addini mai son zaman lafiya wanda ke sayar da AGI wanda ke ba da damar utopia da apocalypse".  Torres da Gebru sun yi jayayya cewa ƙungiyoyin biyu suna amfani da hasashen apocalypse da AI ke jagoranta da kuma makomar utopian don ba da hujjar bincike, ci gaba, da kuma rage ƙa'idojin fasaha mara iyaka. Torres da Gebru sun yi zargin cewa ta hanyar la'akari da sakamako mai nisa kawai na gaba, suna haifar da hayaniya ga fasahar da ba a tabbatar da ita ba, da kuma tsoratarwa, masu ra'ayin TESCREAL suna janye hankali daga tasirin fasaha wanda zai iya yin mummunan tasiri ga al'umma, yana cutar da tsiraru ta hanyar nuna son kai, kuma yana da mummunan tasiri ga muhalli .   

### Magunguna
Neşe Devenot ya yi amfani da kalmar TESCREAL don nufin "masu kuɗi da fasaha na duniya" waɗanda ke haɓaka sabbin amfani da magungunan psychedelic a matsayin maganin lafiyar kwakwalwa, ba wai don suna son taimaka wa mutane ba, amma don su sami kuɗi akan siyar da waɗannan magunguna a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin ƙara rashin daidaito. 

### Ana zargin nuna son kai ga tsiraru
Gebru da Torres sun yi iƙirarin cewa akidun TESCREAL sun samo asali ne kai tsaye daga eugenics na ƙarni na 20  kuma tarin akidu suna goyon bayan sabbin eugenics .   Wasu kuma sun yi jayayya cewa akidun TESCREAL sun samo asali ne daga falsafar da aka yi amfani da su don ba da hujjar kisan kai da kisan kare dangi.   An yi zargin cewa wasu fitattun mutane waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga akidun TESCREAL suna nuna wariyar launin fata da kuma nuna wariyar jinsi.   

### Suka da muhawara
A rubuce-rubuce a cikin *mujallar Asterisk*, wata mujalla da ke da alaƙa da ingantaccen son rai, Ozy Brennan ya soki yadda Gebru da Torres suka haɗa falsafar daban-daban kamar dai suna da "monolithic". Brennan ya yi jayayya cewa Torres ya fahimci waɗannan falsafar daban-daban, kuma ya ɗauki gwaje-gwajen tunanin falsafa daga mahallinsu.  Hakazalika, Oliver Habryka na *LessWrong* ya soki ra'ayin, yana cewa: "Ban taɓa haɗuwa da wani masanin kimiyyar sararin samaniya ba a rayuwata; a bayyane yake ina da abokai na kud da kud da su. A bayyane yake, ina kamar ina cikin haɗin kai [tare da su]." 

A Rediyon New Zealand, marubucin siyasa Danyl McLauchlan ya ce yayin da wasu membobin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi ke son ƙirƙirar mutane masu ƙarfin hali, wasu kuma, kamar masu taimakon talakawa masu ƙwarewa (waɗanda galibi suna son taimaka wa talakawa), suna mamakin yadda aka jefa su cikin wani makirci na mugunta na eugenics.

James Pethokoukis, na Cibiyar Kasuwanci ta Amurka, bai yarda da sukar masu goyon bayan TESCREAL ba. Ya yi jayayya cewa attajiran fasaha da aka soki a cikin wani labarin Scientific American saboda zargin goyon bayan TESCREAL sun sami ci gaba sosai a cikin al'umma.  A cikin shafin yanar gizon Cibiyar Fasaha ta Fasaha da Fasaha Mai tasowa, Eli Sennesh da James Hughes sun yi jayayya cewa TESCREAL ka'ida ce ta makirci ta hagu wadda ke haɗa falsafar da ba ta dace ba tare da fahimtar ƙa'idodinsu na musamman ba .

## Ana zargin masu bin diddigin
A shekarar 2023, mai ra'ayin jari-hujja Marc Andreessen ya buga " Fasaha-Optimist Manifesto ", wanda Jag Bhalla da Nathan J. Robinson suka kira "misali mai kyau" na akidun TESCREAL.  A cikinsa, ya yi jayayya cewa ƙarin fasahar wucin gadi na zamani zai iya ceton rayuka marasa adadi a nan gaba, kuma ya kamata a la'anci waɗanda ke aiki don rage ko hana ci gabanta a matsayin masu kisan kai.  

An bayyana Elon Musk a matsayin mai tausayi ga wasu akidun TESCREAL.     A watan Agusta na 2022, Musk ya wallafa a shafinsa na Twitter cewa littafin William MacAskill na dogon lokaci *, What We Owe the Future*, "ya dace da falsafata".  Wasu marubuta sun yi imanin cewa Neuralink na Musk yana bin manufofin TESCREList.   Wasu kwararrun AI sun koka game da yadda kamfanin Musk na XAI ke mayar da hankali kan haɗarin wanzuwa, suna jayayya cewa shi da sauran kamfanonin AI suna da alaƙa da ƙungiyoyin TESCREAL.   Dave Troy ya yi imanin cewa ra'ayoyin Musk na haihuwa sun samo asali ne daga manufofin TESCREAL. 

An kuma nuna cewa Peter Thiel yana tausayawa ra'ayoyin TESCREAL.    Benjamin Svetkey ya rubuta a cikin *Jaridar Hollywood Reporter* cewa Thiel da sauran shugabannin kamfanonin Silicon Valley waɗanda suka goyi bayan kamfen ɗin Donald Trump na shugaban ƙasa na 2024 suna neman manufofi waɗanda za su rufe "masu kula da harkokin da suka daɗe suna hana su yin abubuwa kamar gwajin ɗan adam suna rage ci gaba zuwa aljannar fasaha ". 

An bayyana Sam Altman da yawancin kwamitin OpenAI a matsayin masu goyon bayan ƙungiyoyin TESCREAL, musamman ma a lokacin da ya yi ƙoƙarin harba bindiga a shekarar 2023.    Gebru da Torres sun yi kira ga Altman da kada ya bi ƙa'idodin TESCREAL.  Lorraine Redaud ta rubuta a cikin *Charlie Hebdo* ta bayyana Altman da sauran shugabannin Silicon Valley a matsayin masu goyon bayan ƙa'idodin TESCREAL. 

An kuma bayyana Nick Bostrom da Eliezer Yudkowsky, waɗanda suka yi tasiri a tattaunawar haɗarin wanzuwa daga AI,  a matsayin shugabannin ƙungiyar TESCREAL.   

Sam Bankman-Fried, tsohon Shugaba na musayar kuɗi ta FTX, ya kasance fitaccen kuma memba na al'umma mai son taimakon jama'a.  A cewar *[[The Guardian|jaridar The Guardian]]*, tun bayan rugujewar FTX, masu kula da kadarorin fatarar kuɗi suna ƙoƙarin dawo da kimanin dala miliyan 5 da suka yi zargin an mayar da su ga wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta don taimakawa wajen siyan wani otal mai tarihi wanda aka yi hayar don tarurruka da bita da suka shafi dogon lokaci, Ra'ayi, da kuma taimakon jama'a mai tasiri. Waɗanda suka halarci ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan taron sun haɗa da wani mai kiran kansa "mai son sassaucin ra'ayi" da masu magana waɗanda *[[The Guardian|jaridar The Guardian]]* ta ambata saboda suna da alaƙar wariyar launin fata da nuna wariya.  &#x3A;&#x200A;1&#x200A;

Torres da Gebru sun ce yakin neman zaben Trump na 2024 da kuma shugabancin kasa na biyu sun goyi bayan manufofin TESCREAL, musamman saboda hadin gwiwarsa da Musk.   

## Duba kuma

* Ingantaccen hanzari
* *KadanBa daidai ba*
* Amfanin jama'a
* Akidar California

## Manazarta