Marian Johnson-Thompson

**Marian Cecelia Johnson-Thompson** (an haife ta a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 1946) ƙwararriyar masaniyar cutar kanjamau ce 'yar Amurka wadda farfesa ce a Jami'ar Gundumar Columbia . An zaɓe ta a matsayin memba na Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Kimiyya ta Amurka .

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Johnson-Thompson a Boston a shekarar 1946.  Ta koma Riviera Beach, Florida, tun tana ƙarama, inda ta yi karatun sakandare. A matsayinta na ɗalibi mai digiri na farko a Jami'ar Howard, Johnson-Thompson ta ƙware a fannin ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu a shekarar 1971.  Ta koma Jami'ar Georgetown don karatun digiri na biyu, inda ta mayar da hankali kan ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta.  Bayan 'yan shekaru bayan rabuwar kai, Johnson-Thompson ita ce baƙar fata ta farko da aka haifa a Amurka da ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu.  Ta kammala binciken digiri na uku a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Georgetown a shekarar 1978. 

## Bincike da aiki

Binciken Johnson-Thompson ya shafi fannoni daban-daban na ilimin halittar jiki. Da farko, ta yi nazarin hanyoyin da azacytidine ke aiki a kan SV40 . Ta kuma yi bincike kan tasirin maganin laser na ultraviolet (UV) akan daidaiton DNA na kwayar cuta.  Ta yi nazarin hanyoyin kwayoyin halitta da ke haifar da cutar kansar nono, inda ta nuna cewa mata masu launin fata sun fi fuskantar cutar kansar nono da muhalli ke haifarwa.  Wannan binciken ya sanar da ita bukatar a sami wakilci mai kyau a fannin kimiyyar tsiraru a binciken likitanci. 

Bayan ta yi ritaya daga Jami'ar Gundumar Columbia a shekarar 1994, Johnson-Thompson ta shiga Cibiyoyin Lafiya na Ƙasa a matsayin darektan ilimi da ci gaban bincike kan halittu a Cibiyar Kimiyyar Lafiya ta Ƙasa (NIEHS),   inda ta ɗauki nauyin gwaje-gwajen asibiti, ciki har da Nazarin 'Yan'uwa, wanda ya yi kama da ya fahimci musabbabin muhalli na cutar kansar nono .  Ta gano cewa mata 'yan Afirka-Amurkawa sun fi fuskantar jinkirin gano cutar kansa, da kuma ƙarin magani mai tsawo.  Johnson-Thompson ta yi ritaya daga NIEHS a shekarar 2008. 

## Sabis na ilimi
Johnson-Thompson ta kafa wani tallafin karatu a Jami'ar Howard wanda ke tallafawa mata masana kimiyya daga ƙungiyoyin da aka ware.  An sanya wa wannan tallafin karatu suna ne bayan Marie Taylor .  A shekarar 1997 Johnson-Thompson ya kafa *Shirin Kimiyya da Fasaha na Ilimi na Bridging* a Makarantar Sakandare ta Hillside, inda ya gabatar da ɗaliban makarantar sakandare ga ilimin kimiyyar ƙwayoyin halitta . 

## Lambobin yabo da girmamawa

* 1975 Fitacciyar Budurwa 'Yar Amurka 
* An Zaɓe shi a 1998 a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Nazarin Kwayoyin Halitta ta Amurka  
* Kyautar ONI ta 1999 daga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Mata Baƙaƙe 
* Kyautar Tsoffin Ɗaliban Thurgood Marshall ta 2003 
* An zaɓe shi a shekarar 2004 a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar ci gaban kimiyya ta Amurka 
* An naɗa shi farfesa a fannin ilmin halittu da muhalli a Jami'ar Gundumar Columbia a shekarar 2004 
* An naɗa shi farfesa mai taimako a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a a Jami'ar NC-Chapel Hill 
* Kyautar Alice C. Evans ta Ƙungiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin Halitta ta Amurka ta 2004 
* An zaɓe ni a shekarar 2012 a matsayin memba na kwamitin amintattu a Jami'ar Howard  
* An naɗa shi a shekarar 2018 a matsayin mataimakin shugaban Hukumar Adalci da Daidaito ta Muhalli ta North Carolina 

## Littattafai da aka zaɓa

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## Rayuwa ta sirri
An haifi Johnson-Thompson ga Rose Mae Henderson Beavers, wacce aka haifa a shekarar 1919 daga Galveston, Texas . Mahaifiyarta ta halarci Makarantar Katolika ta Holy Rosary da kuma Cocin Katolika na Holy Rosary. Mahaifinta, Edwin Saint Aloyious Johnson, an haife shi a shekarar 1908 a Kingston, Jamaica, ga uwa 'yar Haiti kuma mahaifin Cuba. Daga baya mahaifinta ya yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka, inda ya halarci Jami'ar Columbia kuma ya sami digirin digiri na biyu. Daga baya mahaifinta ya koma Galveston, Texas, inda ya yi aiki a USO kuma ya haɗu da mahaifiyarta, Ms. Henderson Beavers. Daga baya Edwin Johnson ya halarci makarantar likitanci a Kwalejin Boston City. Daga baya ya mallaki nasa asibitin a Clewiston, Florida . 

Johnson-Thompson ta yi makarantar firamare a Clewiston, Florida, inda ta zauna tare da mahaifinta. Bayan rasuwar mahaifinta a shekarar 1961, ta ci gaba da zama tare da uwar kishiyarta har sai da ta kammala makarantar sakandare a Makarantar Sakandare ta John F. Kennedy. Daga baya ta halarci Jami'ar Howard, inda wani masanin tsirrai, Marie Clark Taylor, da masanin halittu, John Rear suka ba ta shawara.[14]

Johnson-Thompson ita ce ta kafa ƙungiyar Minority Women in Science, wadda aka kafa a shekarar 1978. Ta shirya tarurrukan ranar gano kimiyya waɗanda aka yi amfani da su don gabatar da ɗaliban tsiraru da mata ga STEM tun suna ƙanana. Ta kuma kafa Shagon Kirsimeti na mata 'yan tsiraru. Wannan shirin ya ba yara damar samun kuɗi wanda za su iya amfani da shi don siyan littattafan kimiyya.  Johnson-Thompson yana da aure da 'ya'ya biyu. 

## Jagoranci
Johnson-Thompson ta fahimci mahimmancin jagoranci. A lokacin da take Jami'ar Gundumar Columbia, ta jagoranci kai tsaye ga ɗaliban digiri na farko 14 da na biyu. Ta kuma jagoranci ɗalibai 17 na matakin digiri na uku. A shekara ta 2001, an naɗa ta a matsayin Jagorar Malaman Meyerhoff ta Shekara[15].

Wadanda aka ba ta digirin digirgir sun hada da Ashalla Magee Freeman, wacce yanzu ita ce daraktar harkokin bambancin ra'ayi a Jami'ar North Carolina da ke Chapel Hill, ofishin ilimin digiri na biyu; Kenneth Gibbs, wacce yanzu take manazarci kan shirye-shirye a Cibiyar Kimiyyar Lafiya ta Kasa, Cibiyar Lafiya ta Kasa (NIH); Elena Braithwaite, wacce yanzu take da ilimin guba a FDA da ke Rockville, Maryland; Sherilynn Black, wacce yanzu take mataimakiyar farfesa a Makarantar Magunguna ta Jami'ar Duke ; da Pocahontas Jones, wacce take da digirin digirgir a fannin ilmin kwayoyin halitta da garkuwar jiki wanda a yanzu haka take aiki a Kwalejin Halifax Community College [15].

## Haɗa tsiraru a cikin kimiyya
A shekarar 1997, Johnson-Thompson ta kafa shirin Bridging Education Science and Technology a Makarantar Sakandare ta Hillside da ke Durham, North Carolina . Shirye-shiryen sun yi amfani da kayan aiki da masana kimiyya daga Cibiyoyin Kimiyyar Lafiyar Muhalli na Ƙasa (NIEHS) don ilmantar da ɗaliban da ke da ƙwarewar ilmin halitta na kwayoyin halitta[13]. A shekarar 1994, ta kuma kafa tallafin karatu na Johnson-Thompson Taylor a Jami'ar Howard don girmama mai ba ta shawara Dr. Marie Taylor, wacce ita ce mace ta farko da ta sami digirin digirgir a Jami'ar Fordham [15].

## Manazarta