Abul Kashem

**Mohammad Abul Kashem** (wanda aka fi sani da Principal Abul Kashemi, 28 Yuni 1920 - 11 Maris 1991) an dauke shi a matsayin majagaba da kuma gine-ginen Tarihin Harshe na Bangladesh . Ya kuma kasance ɗan siyasa, marubuci kuma fitaccen malami. Ya kafa kungiyar al'adun Bengali mai suna Tamaddun Majlish.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Abul Kashem a ranar 28 ga Yuni 1920 a wani kauye na Cheebandy-Barama a karkashin Chandanaish Upazila na gundumar Chittagong .  A shekara ta 1939, Abul Kashem ya sami jarrabawar Matriculation daga makarantar sakandare ta Boroma Trahi Menka tare da aji na farko da kuma tallafin karatu na gundumar gwamnati. Ya wuce Isc daga Kwalejin Gwamnatin Chittagong a 1941 tare da aji na farko. Daga Jami'ar Dhaka, ya sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi a shekarar 1944 da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyya a fannin lissafi a shekara ta 1945. Ya kammala karatun digirinsa a karkashin kulawar sanannen masanin lissafi da masanin kimiyyar lissafi Satyendra Nath Bose.

## Kasancewa cikin Yunkurin Harshe
Abul Kashem yana da alaƙa da ayyukan wallafe-wallafen da al'adu na Bangladesh na tsawon shekaru hamsin. Ya ba da gudummawa a cikin motsi don amincewa da Bengali a matsayin ɗayan yarukan jihar Pakistan jim kadan bayan samun 'yancin Pakistan a 1947. A ranar 1 ga Satumba 1947 ya kafa Pakistan Tamaddun Majlish a matsayin kungiyar al'adu da ba ta siyasa ba don tattara dalibai, masu ilimi da mutane gabaɗaya don yaren Bengali. A ranar 15 ga Satumba 1947 ya wallafa wani ɗan littafin mai taken, Pakistaner Rashtra Bhasha: Bangla Na Urdu?  (Harshe na jihar Pakistan: Bengali ko Urdu?) yana buƙatar gabatar da Bengali a matsayin ɗayan yaren jihar na dukan Pakistan.  Wannan ɗan littafin ya kuma ba da shawara sosai ga Bengali a matsayin matsakaiciyar ilimi, yaren kotu da kuma amfani da shi a ofisoshi a Gabashin Pakistan. Har ila yau, kokarin da ya yi ba tare da gajiyawa ba ya ba da damar kafa Rashtrabhasa Sangram Parishad na farko (Kwamitin Ayyukan Harshen Jiha) a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1947 tare da Nurul Huq Bhuiyan a matsayin mai shirya taron kuma shi da kansa a matsayin mai ba da kuɗi. A ranar 6 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1947, an gudanar da wani taro a karkashin shugabancin Abul Kashem a harabar Jami'ar Dhaka wanda ya nuna rashin amincewa da ƙudurin makon ilimi da aka gudanar a Karachi yana ba da shawarar Urdu a matsayin harshen jihar da harshen magana na Pakistan. An fitar da zanga-zangar zanga-zambe daga taron, wanda ya sadu da Khawaja Nazimuddin, Babban Ministan lardin, da sauran ministoci. Khawaja Nazimuddin ya ba da tabbacin rubuce-rubuce ga Kwamitin Ayyuka cewa zai yi abin da ya dace don gabatar da Bengali a matsayin ɗayan yaren jihar Pakistan. Abul Kashem ya shiga cikin shirya yajin aiki a duk fadin kasar a ranar 11 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1948, don matsawa ga bukatar harshe. A matsayin sakamakon yajin aikin, a ranar da Mohammad Ali Jinnah (wanda ya kafa Pakistan) ya kai Dhaka, Gwamnatin Lardin ta wancan lokacin ba ta da wani zaɓi sai dai ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya tare da kwamitin aiki a ranar 15 ga Maris 1948 don gabatar da Bengali a matsayin ɗayan yaren jihar Pakistan.

## Ayyuka
Abul Kashem ya fara aikinsa a matsayin malami a sashen Physics a Jami'ar Dhaka a 1946. A matsayinsa na malami, shi ne mutum na farko da ya gabatar da laccoci a cikin Bengali a Jami'ar Dhaka. Ya rike mukaminsa na malami har zuwa 1953. 

Abul Kashem yana da alaƙa da siyasa. Ya kasance co-kafa Jam'iyyar Khilafat-e-Rabbani a shekarar 1952. Ya kasance memba na majalisar lardin a matsayin dan takarar United Front a 1954 daga mazabar Patia-Boalkhali a Chittagong .  Yayinda yake memba na Majalisar Dokoki, ya gabatar da ƙuduri don gabatar da Bengali a matsayin matsakaiciyar ilimi a kowane mataki. A ranar 30 ga Satumba 1956, ya gabatar da Bengali a matsayin harshen jihar kuma an amince da shi gaba ɗaya kuma ta haka ne, Bengali ya sami amincewar kundin tsarin mulki a matsayin ɗayan yaren Jihar Pakistan. Ya kafa *Sainik* na mako-mako a cikin 1948, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai magana da yawun Tarihin Harshe.

## Manazarta