Canjin yanayi a New Zealand

**[[Canjin yanayi]] a New Zealand** ya haɗa da canje-canje na tarihi, na yanzu da na gaba a cikin yanayin New Zealand; da kuma gudummawar New Zealand da martani ga canjin yanayi na duniya. Lokacin bazara yana ƙara tsayi da zafi, kuma wasu kankara sun narke gaba ɗaya kuma wasu sun ragu. A cikin 2021, Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta kiyasta cewa yawan hayaki na New Zealand ya kai 0.17% na yawan hayaki mai gurbata muhalli a duniya. Koyaya, a ga kowane mutum, New Zealand muhimmiyar mai fitarwa ce, ta shida mafi girma a cikin ƙasashen Annex I, yayin da a kan cikakkiyar fitarwa New Zealand ta kasance mai fitarwa ta 24 mafi girma.

Fiye da rabin (53%) na iskar gas mai guba ta New Zealand daga noma ne, galibi methane daga tumaki da belin shanu. Tsakanin 1990 da 2022, yawan hayaki na New Zealand (ba tare da cirewa daga amfani da ƙasa da gandun daji ba) ya karu da kashi 14%. Lokacin da aka yi la'akari da ɗaukar carbon dioxide ta gandun daji (tsare-tsare), hayaki (gami da Cire carbon daga amfani da ƙasa da gandun daji) ya karu da kashi 33% tun daga 1990.

Ana amsa canjin yanayi ta hanyoyi da yawa ta hanyar jama'a da Gwamnatin New Zealand. Wannan ya haɗa da shiga cikin yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa da kuma muhawara ta zamantakewa da siyasa da ta shafi canjin yanayi. New Zealand tana da shirin cinikin hayaki, kuma a cikin 2019 gwamnati ta gabatar da Dokar Amsawar Canjin Yanayi (Zero Carbon) wanda ya kirkiro Hukumar Canjin Yanayi Yanayi da ke da alhakin ba da shawara ga gwamnati kan manufofi da kasafin kudin hayaki.

New Zealand ta yi alkawari da yawa game da Rage canjin yanayi a cikin 2019: don rage fitar da hayaki zuwa sifili a shekara ta 2050, don dasa bishiyoyi biliyan 1 a shekara ta 2028, da kuma kawo aikin gona (manoma) cikin manufofin farashin hayaki a shekara ta 2022. A cikin 2019, New Zealand ta haramta sabon hako man fetur da iskar gas kuma ta yanke shawarar cewa za a bincika batutuwan canjin yanayi kafin kowane muhimmin yanke shawara. A farkon watan Disamba na 2020, Firayim Minista Jacinda Ardern ta ayyana gaggawa na canjin yanayi kuma ta yi alkawarin cewa Gwamnatin New Zealand za ta kasance tsaka-tsaki da carbon nan da 2025. Babban burin da shirye-shirye sun haɗa da buƙatar bangaren jama'a su sayi motocin lantarki ko na hybrid kawai, gine-ginen gwamnati za su cika sabbin ka'idojin gine-guna na "kore", kuma duk masu kwalba 200 a cikin gine-ginin sabis na jama'a za a fitar da su. Binciken kasa da kasa na ayyukan canjin yanayi na New Zealand ko dai an sanya su a matsayin "ƙasa" a kan Climate Change Performance Index  ko kuma an kiyasta su a matsayin ""maras isasshen" ta (Climate Action Tracker). 

## Rashin iskar gas
New Zealand tana da bayanin fitarwa na musamman. A cikin 2022, noma ya ba da gudummawa 53% na jimlar hayaki; makamashi (gami da sufuri), 37%; masana'antu, 6%; sharar gida, 4% .  Dangane da sabbin bayanan Inventory na 2022, yawan hayaki na New Zealand ga kowane mutum ya kasance sama da matsakaicin ga ƙasashe masu tasowa. A wasu ƙasashe na Kyoto Protocol Annex 1, noma yawanci yana ba da gudummawa game da 12% na jimlar hayaki.

Tsakanin 1990 da 2, fitar da (CO2) na New Zealand ya karu da kashi 24%; methane (CH4) da kashi 2%; da nitrous oxide (N2O) da kashi 35%. Jimlar dukkan iskar gas din da aka haɗu sun karu da kashi 87%.

Shirin Kasuwancin Kasuwancin New Zealand, wanda ya fara aiki a cikin 2010, an yi niyya ne don samar da hanyar da ta karfafa bangarori daban-daban na tattalin arziki don rage fitar da iskar gas. Wataƙila ya rage karuwar kaɗan. Tsakanin 2007 da 2017 jimlar hayaki na kasa ya ragu da 0.9%, yana nuna ci gaban samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa. Koyaya, tsakanin 2016 da 2017, yawan hayaki na New Zealand ya tsallake 2.2%, yana kawo jimlar (ko babban) karuwar hayaki tsakanin 1990 da 2017 zuwa 23.1%.

### Carbon dioxide
New Zealand tana da rikodin dogon lokaci na na yanayi mai kama da Keeling Curve . A cikin 1970, ya tambayi David Lowe, wanda ya kammala karatun kimiyyar lissafi daga Jami'ar Victoria ta Wellington don kafa ma'aunin yanayi na ci gaba a shafin New Zealand. An zaɓi Baring Head da ke fuskantar kudu, a ƙofar gabas zuwa Wellington Harbour, a matsayin wakilin yanayin kudancin kudancin. Duk da yawancin hayakin CO2 da ke fitowa daga Arewacin Hemisphere, yawan yanayi a New Zealand yayi kama da haka. Bayanan Baring Head sun nuna cewa yawan CO2 ya tashi daga 325 ppm a 1972 zuwa 380 ppm a 2009,  kuma ya wuce 400 ppm a 2015  kuma ya kai sabon matsakaicin 416 ppm a watan Disamba na 2023.

Hanyoyin iska da aka tsara sun nuna cewa iska tana gudana daga digiri 55 a kudu. Bayanan Baring Head sun nuna game da karuwar CO2 kamar ma'auni daga Mauna Loa Observatory, amma tare da karamin bambancin yanayi. Adadin karuwa a shekara ta 2 ya kasance kashi 2.5 a kowace miliyan a kowace shekara. Rubuce-rubucen Baring Head shine mafi tsawo na ci gaba da rikodin CO2 na yanayi a Kudancin Hemisphere kuma an nuna shi a cikin Rahoton Bincike na huɗu na IPCC: Canjin Yanayi 2007 tare da sanannen rikodin Mauna Loa

## Manazarta