Canjin yanayi a Finland

Canjin yanayi yana da sakamako mai zurfi a kan yanayin halitta da mutanen Finland. Finland ta kasance daga cikin manyan masu fitar da iskar gas guda biyar a cikin shekara ta 2001, a kan kowane mutum. Kashewa ya karu zuwa tan miliyan 58.8 a cikin 2016. Finland tana buƙatar ninka sau uku na yanzu zuwa hayaki don zama tsaka-tsaki na carbon a shekara ta 2035. Finland ta dogara da kwal da peat don makamashi, amma tana shirin fitar da kwal a shekara ta 2029. Finland tana da burin tsaka-tsaki na carbon a shekara ta 2035 ba tare da ƙididdigar carbon ba. Manufofin sun haɗa da kiyaye yanayi, ƙarin saka hannun jari a cikin jiragen kasa, canje-canje a cikin haraji da ƙone katako mai ɗorewa. Bayan 2035 Finland za ta kasance carbon mara kyau, ma'ana tsoma carbon fiye da fitarwa.

## Rashin iskar gas

### Bayani na gaba ɗaya

#### Kasar kasa
A cikin 2, hayakin carbon dioxide na Finland ya kai tan miliyan 58.8; tan miliyan 12.5 kasa da adadin a cikin 1990. Koyaya, wannan adadi ya karu da kashi 6 cikin 100 daga 2; duk da haka, har yanzu yana da kashi 18 cikin 100 ƙasa da na 1990. Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da ci gaban hayaki tsakanin 2 da 2 sune karuwar amfani da kwal da raguwar yawan man fetur da aka yi amfani da shi a sufuri. Rashin fitarwa ya karu a wasu bangarori. Wadannan bangarorin sun hada da makamashi, inda ya karu da kashi takwas cikin dari (ko tan miliyan 3.3 na CO2 daidai); hanyoyin masana'antu, inda amfani da samfurin ya karu da shekaru hudu cikin dari (ko tan miliyan 0.3 na CO2 daidaita). Rashin fitarwa daga aikin gona ya karu da kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari (ko 0.04 miliyan ton na CO2). Fitarwa daga sufuri ya karu da tan miliyan 1.5 na daidai da CO2, kuma daga samar da wutar lantarki da zafi, sun tashi da tan miliyan 1.4 na daidai daCO2.

Kimanin kashi 60% na hayakin methane na ɗan adam na Finland - 3.17 MMTCO2 - ya fito ne daga aikin gona (gwamnatin man fetur), sharar gida da tsarin iskar gas da mai. Yawancin ragowar sun fito ne daga fermentation.

Babban abubuwan da ke canzawa don sauye-sauyen fitarwa na shekara-shekara shine amfani da kwal da peat. A shekara ta 2006 karuwar kwal mai wuya ya kasance kashi 92% bisa ga masana'antu (gami da masana'antar samar da makamashi) ya raba samar da wutar lantarki daga kwal mai wuya. A lokaci guda an kara yawan amfani da peat. Gundumar ta yi amfani da kashi 42% na kwal mai wuya a matsakaita daga 1990 zuwa 2006, amma bambancin shekara-shekara ya kasance karami idan aka kwatanta da masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki.

#### Yankin
Rashin iskar gas a yankin Helsinki a cikin 2 ya kasance tan miliyan 5 na CO2, gami da sufuri, tan miliyan 1.4 da dumama, tan miliyan 2.6.  Rashin iskar gas daga gini a yankin Helsinki a cikin 2017 ya kasance tan miliyan 2 CO2: fiye da daga sufuri kuma kusan sau 1.5 na fitar da iskar sufuri.

Shekarar 2017 hayakin iskar gas idan aka kwatanta da 1990 sun kasance a Helsinki - 24%, Espoo + 8%, Vantaa +2% da Kauniainen -9%. Kimanin kashi 80% na hayaki sun fito ne daga dumama da sufuri. Rahoton taƙaitaccen ba ya haɗa da hayaki daga tafiye-tafiye na iska da gini ko kuma ya tabbatar da cewa waɗannan hayaki ba su da sha'awar canjin yanayi. Rahoton taƙaitaccen bai ƙayyade hayakin masana'antu na cikin gida a ƙasashen waje ba. Misali sayen Fortum na Uniper Germany na iya kara yawan hayaki na wannan kamfani sosai har hayaki na kasashen waje ya shafi canjin yanayi. Hedikwatar Fortum tana cikin Espoo Finland.

## Manazarta