Lois Gibbs

Lois Marie Gibbs (an haife ta a watan Yuni 25, 1951) yarfafutukar kare muhalli ce ba Amurkiya . A matsayinta na farko mai shirya Ƙungiyar Ƙaunar Canal Homeowners Association, Lois Gibbs ya kawo hankalin jama'a ga rikicin muhalli a cikin Love Canal . Ayyukanta sun yi sanadiyar korar iyalai sama da 800. [2] Ta kafa gidan share fage mai fa'ida don sharar haɗari a cikin 1981 don taimakawa horarwa da tallafawa masu fafutuka na gida da aikinsu na muhalli. Ta ci gaba da aiki tare da kungiyar, ta sake suna Cibiyar Lafiya, Muhalli, da Adalci (CHEJ).

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Lois Marie Gibbs a wani yanki mai launin shudi na Grand Island, New York . Tana da 'yan uwa biyar da ta girma tare da su; mahaifinta ya yi aiki a masana'antar ƙarfe kuma mahaifiyarta uwar gida ce. Gibbs ba shi da abubuwan sha'awa da ayyuka da yawa tun yana yaro. Bayan ta kammala makarantar sakandare, ta auri Harry Gibbs, ma'aikacin sinadarai. Tana da 'ya'ya biyu kuma ta koma Love Canal . [1]

## Ayyukan aiki
Lois Gibbs ta shiga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da muhalli ya fara ne a cikin 1978, lokacin da take da shekara 27 uwar gida [1] ta gano cewa makarantar firamare danta mai shekaru 5 a Niagara Falls, New York an gina shi akan juji mai guba . Domin ’ya’yanta biyu sun kasance cikin koshin lafiya lokacin da suka ƙaura zuwa gidansu na Love Canal, amma sai suka fuskanci matsalolin lafiya da ba a saba gani ba, ta fara tunanin ko akwai alaƙa. [2] Ta tunkari Hukumar Makaranta bayan ta damu da lafiyar yaronta da ya halarci Makarantar Titin 93, [3] kuma sun ki daukar wani mataki. Gibbs ya fara magana da wasu iyaye kuma a cikin 1978, ta fara Ƙaunar Iyaye na Canal. [4] Bayan kirkiro wannan yunkuri, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Jihar New York ta bayyana cewa, ya kamata a rufe makarantar kuma mata masu juna biyu da yara da ke zaune a wadannan gidaje su tashi. Daga nan sai jihar ta sayi gidaje da ke kusa da magudanar ruwa, wanda hakan ya kai ga kungiyar masu gida ta Love Canal (LCHA). [5] [ yaya? ]

Gibbs ta ƙirƙiro takardar koke kuma ta kai ga mazauna unguwar ta ta hanyar bi gida-gida don samun tallafi. Ƙoƙarin Gibbs ya ta'allaka ne kan rawar da take takawa a matsayinta na uwa mai fafutuka don kare lafiyar 'ya'yanta. Ta jagoranci al'ummarta wajen yaƙi da ƙananan hukumomi, jihohi, da gwamnatocin tarayya ta hanyar gabatar da sa hannun ga Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Jihar New York.

Lokacin da Gibbs ta fara shiri a cikin Love Canal, kuma daga baya ta ci gaba da fafutuka a cikin ƙasa, mutane da yawa suna shakkar ikonta na yin tasiri. Mahaifiyarta ta ce mata “kina manta ke yar gida ce mai karatun sakandire. " 

Bayan shekaru na gwagwarmaya, an kori iyalai 833 daga ƙarshe, kuma an fara tsabtace Canal na Soyayya. Rukunin 'yan jaridu na ƙasa ya sa Lois Gibbs ya zama sunan gida. Bugu da ƙari, Shugaba Jimmy Carter ya ambaci Gibbs a matsayin babban jagoran ciyayi a cikin Ƙaunar Canal motsi a lokacin 1980.  Ƙoƙarin da ta yi ya haifar da samar da cikakkiyar amsawar muhalli ta Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka, Dokokin Biya da Lamuni, ko kuma Superfund, wanda ake amfani da shi don ganowa da tsaftace wuraren datti a duk faɗin Amurka .

Mijin Gibbs na farko shine Harry Gibbs, ma'aikacin sinadari kuma ma'aikacin sinadari.  Gibbs ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mai matukar goyan baya" game da gwagwarmayar ta a Love Canal.  Duk da haka, da zarar an fitar da iyalai daga Love Canal, yana so ta "dawo gida kuma ta sake zama cikakken gida." Gibbs ya bayyana, "Ba zan iya yin hakan ba."  A cikin 1981, a matsayinta na uwa ɗaya mai 'ya'ya biyu, ta bar Niagara Falls da $10,000 kuma ta ƙaura zuwa yankin Washington, DC.  Ta yi haka ba tare da danginta ba kuma ta sayi gida a Virginia.  A matsayinta na mai son iyali, hakan ya kasance mata da wahala. 

A cikin 1980, Gibbs ya kafa gidan share fage na Jama'a don sharar haɗari (CCHW). Da zarar tana zaune a yankin Washington, DC, ta sake masa suna Cibiyar Lafiya, Muhalli da Adalci (CHEJ). [1] Ƙungiya ce ta ƙasa don taimaka wa iyalai waɗanda ke zaune a wuraren gurɓataccen muhalli kamar Canal Love. [2] Ta taimaka sama da ƙungiyoyin ƙasa 10,000 a duk faɗin ƙasar tare da tsari, fasaha da bayanai na gaba ɗaya. [3] A halin yanzu Gibbs yana aiki a matsayin babban darekta. CHEJ cibiyar rikicin muhalli ce ta tushe wacce ke ba da bayanai, albarkatu, taimakon fasaha da horarwa ga ƙungiyoyin al'umma a faɗin ƙasar. CHEJ na neman kafa ƙungiyoyin cikin gida masu ƙarfi don kare unguwanni daga fallasa ga sharar gida mai haɗari .

## Daga baya rayuwa
Bayan barin Niagara Falls a 1981, Gibbs ya zauna a Virginia.  Ta sake yin aure ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu. 

Gibbs ya rubuta litattafai da yawa game da labarin Canal na Soyayya da illar sharar guba. Na farko kuma mafi yawan ambato shine Canal Love. Labari na, wanda aka rubuta tare da Murray Levine kuma aka buga a 1982.

An yi wasan kwaikwayo na labarinta a cikin fim ɗin 1982 da aka yi don TV *Lois Gibbs: Labarin Canal Love*, wanda Marsha Mason ya buga ta.

## Kyauta

* Ya karɓi Kyautar Muhalli ta 1990 Goldman
* Kyautar Heinz na shekara ta 5 a cikin Muhalli (1998) 
* Kyautar Jagorancin John Gardner daga Sashin Mai Zaman Kanta (1999)
* Wanda aka zaba don kyautar zaman lafiya ta Nobel a 2003 
* An ba da digirin girmamawa daga Kwalejin Haverford don aikinta a matsayin mai fafutukar kare muhalli (2006) 
* Ya sami digiri na girmamawa, likita na haruffan ɗan adam, daga Kwalejin Green Mountain (2009)
* Ya sami digiri na girmamawa, likita na Dokoki daga Medaille College (2010)
* Ya sami digiri na girmamawa, likita na Ma'aikatar Jama'a, daga Jami'ar Tufts (2013)

## Gallery

Fayil:Lois_Gibbs_Sacred_Eagle_Rock_Big_Bay,_MI_10-15-10_(19).JPG|alt="Mother of the Superfund" Lois Gibbs leads sulfide mining opponents on a march to the entrance of the Kennecott Eagle Minerals mine near Lake Superior and Big Bay, MI| "Mahaifiyar Superfund" Lois Gibbs ta jagoranci abokan adawar sulfide masu hakar ma'adinai a kan hanyar zuwa ƙofar ma'adinan Kennecott Eagle Minerals kusa da Lake Superior da Big Bay, MI.
Fayil:Lois_Gibbs_Sacred_Eagle_Rock_Big_Bay,_MI_10-15-10_(28).JPG|alt=Lois Gibbs stands at the entrance of the Kennecott Minerals sulfide mine under construction near Lake Superior and Big Bay, MI| Lois Gibbs yana tsaye a ƙofar Kennecott Minerals sulfide mine da ake ginawa kusa da Lake Superior da Big Bay, MI.
Fayil:Lois_Gibbs_Sacred_Eagle_Rock_Big_Bay,_MI_10-15-10_(38).JPG|alt=Lois Gibbs joins a circle of mine opponents to sing, pray and strategize at the entrance to the Kennecott Minerals sulfide mine that is being built near Lake Superior close to Big Bay, MI| Lois Gibbs ya shiga da'irar abokan hamayya na don raira waƙa, yin addu'a da dabara a ƙofar ma'adinan sulfide na Kennecott Minerals sulfide wanda ake ginawa kusa da Lake Superior kusa da Big Bay, MI.


## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Gidan yanar gizon Cibiyar Lafiya, Muhalli & Adalci
* Lois Gibbs na sirri 
* 

## Albarkatun ɗakin karatu

* Lois Gibbs Takardun Ƙaunar Canal, 1951-2010  Jami'ar Tufts