Pitsunda

Pitsunda ko Bichvinta (Georgian: ბიჭვინთა, ka; Abkhaz: Пицунда; Rashanci: Пицунда) gari ne na wurin shakatawa a gundumar Gagra ta Abkhazia/Georgia.[bayanin kula 1] An kafa Pitsunda a ƙarni na 5 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, kuma ta zama cibiyar siyasa da addini ta yankin a zamanin da da kuma zamanin Tsakiya. Tun zamanin Soviet, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren shakatawa na Abkhazia.

## Tarihi

Pityus (Girkanci na Dā: Pityus, Πιτυοῦς, genitive Pityuntos, Πιάῦντος) babban birni ne mai arziki a zamanin d ̄ a. Pliny ya rubuta a cikin AD 77 cewa Heniochi sun kori birnin. An kafa wani sansanin Romawa a Pityus a farkon rabin karni na 2 kuma an kafa wani sashi na Legio XV Apollinaris a can. Birnin ya kewaye da bango mai kariya, castellum yana da layin tsaro na biyu da aka gina a tsakiyar karni na 3 AD. Binciken da Andria Apakidze ya jagoranta, a cikin 1952, ya rage na majami'u uku na ƙarni na 4 da wanka tare da bene mai inganci. Tsohon tashar jiragen ruwa ta "Great Pityus" yanzu tafki ne kawai a cikin garin.

Goths  sun kai hari kan birnin a cikin 255 AD bayan sun kama rundunar jiragen ruwa ta Bosporan. Sojojin Romawa a karkashin umurnin Successianus sun kori harin, duk da haka sun dawo a shekara mai zuwa, sun karɓi birnin kuma sun ci gaba da kwashe Trebizond.

Saint [./John_Chrysostom Kifi" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom] yana jagorantar zuwa Pityus ta hanyar sojojin daular, a aiwatar da dokar gudun hijira, lokacin da ya mutu a kan hanya a cikin 407.  Kamar Dioskurias (Sukhumi na zamani), ya kasance a ƙarƙashin ikon Romawa a cikin mulkin Georgia na Colchis har zuwa karni na 7. Birnin ya wuce karkashin ikon Abasgian kuma ya zama ɗayan manyan cibiyoyin siyasa da addini na **Masarautar Egrisi** (**Lazica**). An kafa babban bishop na Pitiunt a cikin 541. A cikin Georgia ta zamani, an rubuta sunan garin a matsayin *Bichvinta* . A ƙarshen karni na 10, Sarki Bagrat III na Georgia ya gina Cathedral na Pitsunda wanda ya tsira har zuwa yau kuma ya ƙunshi abubuwan da ke cikin zane-zane daga ƙarni na 13 da 16. Bichvinta kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin wurin zama na Katolika na Orthodox na Georgia na Abkhazia har zuwa ƙarshen karni na 16 lokacin da Abkhazia ta kasance ƙarƙashin ikon Ottoman. A cikin labarinsa na 1911 don Catholic Encyclopedia, Sophrone Pétridès ya bayyana Pityus a matsayin mai gabatarwa,  amma yanzu ba a samu a cikin jerin sunayen Cocin Katolika na irin waɗannan gabatarwa.  A ƙarshen karni na 13, yankin ya kasance da ɗan gajeren mulkin mallaka na kasuwanci na Genoa da ake kira Pezonda .

Pitsunda ita ce wurin shakatawa da aka fi so na Sakataren farko na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Tarayyar Soviet Nikita Khrushchev. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1964 ya kasance yana hutu a Pitsunda lokacin da aka tsige shi daga mulki. Khrushchev ya taɓa ba da shawarar babban madatsar ruwa da tsarin wutar lantarki a kan Kogin Bzyb kusa da Pitsunda, amma masana nasa sun sanar da shi cewa madatsar da aka gina a kan Koginsa Bzyb za ta sami mummunar sakamako wajen haifar da Rushewar rairayin bakin teku a Pitsunda. A ƙarshe, an gina madatsar ruwan a kan Kogin Inguri a maimakon haka, inda aka tantance tasirin da ke kan iyakar bakin teku ya zama ƙasa da yawa.

## Gudanarwa

### Matsayin gari
A ranar 7 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2007, bayan da mazauna suka yi kira da yawa, Majalisar Jama'ar Abkhazia ta yanke shawarar ba da matsayin garin Pitsunda. 'Yan majalisa sun nuna fatan cewa shawarar za ta taimaka wa Pitsunda ci gaba a matsayin wurin shakatawa.[1][2] Tun lokacin da ya zama gari, Gwamnan Gundumar Gagra ba ya nada magajin garin Pitsunda amma a maimakon haka kai tsaye Shugaban Abkhazia. A ranar 29 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2016, an tsarkake matsayin garin Pitsunda a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Abkhazia.[2][3]

### Zaben Majalisar 2011
A cikin zaɓen majalisa na 2011, Magajin garin Beslan Ardzinba da wasu mataimakan majalisa guda shida sun tsaya don sake zaben. 'Yan takarar da suka ci nasara sune Beslan Ardzinba, Badra Avidzba, Olga Grigorenko, Chengiz Bigvava, Georgi Zardania, Gennadi Cherkezia, Gennidi Mikanba, Damia Kokoskeria da Inessa Dzkuia .  A ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, a lokacin zaman farko na sabon taron, an zabi Damir Kokoskeria a matsayin Shugaban Majalisar a kan Gennadi Cherkezia, ta hanyar bambancin kuri'a daya.

## Manazarta