Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam ta Duniya

**Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Duniya** (    ; **FIDH** ) Tarayya ce mai zaman kanta ta kungiyoyin kare Haƙƙin dan adam. An kafa ta a cikin shekara ta 1922, FIDH ita ce ta biyu mafi tsufa ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ta duniya bayan Anti-Slavery International . Ya zuwa shekarar 2016, kungiyar ta ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi membobi 184 ciki har da *Ligue des droits de l'homme* a cikin kasashe sama da 100.

FIDH bata da bangaranci, bashi da tsari, kuma yana da 'yanci ga ko wacce gwamnati. Babban aikin ta shine inganta girmama dukkan haƙƙoƙin da aka bayyana a cikin sanarwar Universalan Adam na Duniya, Yarjejeniyar onasa ta Duniya game da 'Yancin Dan Adam da Siyasa, da Yarjejeniyar Internationalasa ta Duniya game da' Yancin Tattalin Arziki, Zamantakewa da Al'adu .

FIDH tana haɓakawa da tallafawa haɗin kai tare da ƙungiyoyin gwamnatoci .

## Bayani
An kafa FIDH a shekarar 1922, lokacin da ta hade kan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa guda goma. Yanzu ta zama tarayyar ƙungiyoyin kare Haƙƙin dan adam 178 a kusan ƙasashe 100. FIDH tana haɓakawa da tallafawa ayyukan ƙungiyoyin membobinta, a cikin gida, yanki da matakan ƙasa. FIDH bashi da wata alaka da wani bangare ko addini, kuma yana cin gashin kansa. FIDH tana da matsayin tuntuba a gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, UNESCO da Majalisar Turai, da matsayin mai sanya ido a gaban Kwamitin Kula da Haƙƙoƙin Dan Adam da na Afirka, Ƙungiyar ƙasashen duniya de la Francophonie da Ƙungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya .

FIDH kuma tana "tuntuɓar yau da kullun" tare da Tarayyar Turai, Organization ƙungiyar Tsaro da Hadin Kai a Turai (OSCE), ofungiyar Amurka, Developmentungiyar Ci gaban Majalisar Nationsinkin Duniya, Tradeungiyar Ciniki ta Duniya, Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya, Bankin Duniya, da Organizationungiyar Tattalin Arziƙi aiki da Ci gaba .

Umurnin FIDH "shi ne bayar da gudummawa wajen mutunta dukkan haƙƙoƙin da aka ayyana a cikin sanarwar Haƙƙoƙin Adam na Duniya." Yana da nufin samar da " ingantaccen kariya ga wadanda abin ya shafa, rigakafin take hakkin Dan-Adam da kuma hukuncin wadanda suka aikata su."  Abubuwan da suka fifita sune aka kafa ta Majalisar Dattijai ta Duniya da Hukumar ta Duniya (mambobi 22) tare da goyon bayan sakatariyar ta ta Duniya (mambobi 45).

## Kudade
Jimlar kuɗin shiga na FIDH a shekarar 2012 ya kasance € 5,362,268  (kusan dalar Amurka $ 7.1m), wanda kusan kashi 80% ya fito daga "tallafi da gudummawa". FIDH tana fitar da bayanan kuɗi na shekara-shekara a shafinta na intanet. 

## Abubuwan fifiko

* Kare masu kare hakkin ɗan adam :

Don kare masu kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, FIDH da Worldungiyar ƙungiyar yaƙi da Azabtarwa ta Duniya (OMCT) sun ƙirƙiri kungiyar Kula da Kare Haƙƙoƙin 'Yan Adam. Matsayinta shi ne kafa hujjoji, faɗakar da al'ummomin duniya, yin tattaunawa tare da hukumomin ƙasa da haɓaka ƙarfafa hanyoyin don kare masu kare haƙƙin bil'adama a matakan ƙasa, yanki da na duniya. 

* Tallafawa da kare haƙƙin mata :

Nuna bambanci da cin zarafin mata har yanzu ya zama ruwan dare a jihohi da yawa.  FIDH na kokarin kawar da wariya, saukaka wa mata damar yin adalci, da kuma yaki da hukunci ga masu aikata laifukan lalata da aka aikata yayin rikici. 

* Kare haƙƙin baƙin haure:

Amurka ta tsawwala stricter controls a kan mutane ta ƙungiyoyi an rage ma'aikata muhajirai zuwa mere kasuwanci kaya, da barin su m ga amfani . FIDH Investigates da take Haƙƙin *<nowiki/>'yan gudun hijiran hakkin* daga kasar na asalin da ƙasar manufa, masu bayar da shawarwarin domin majalisu da kuma sake fasalin harkokin, da kuma litigates kawo cin zarafin da keta zuwa adalci . 

A watan Yunin shekarata 2013, FIDH ta ba da taimako na shari'a ga wasu biyu da suka tsira daga jirgin 'hagu don mutuwa': 'Yan ci-rani 72 daga Saharar Afirka sun bar Libya a shekarata 2011 a cikin karamin kwale-kwale, sun rasa mai kuma sun tashi "tsawon makonni biyu tare daya na hanyoyin da aka fi amfani da su a duniya ".  An gabatar da korafi - tare da FIDH da wasu kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu uku a matsayin jam’iyyun farar hula — a kan sojojin Faransa da na Spain saboda gazawar ‘taimakawa mutane cikin haɗari’. 

* Inganta ingantattun hanyoyin shari'a waɗanda ke girmama 'yancin ɗan adam:

FIDH na neman karfafa tsarin shari'a mai zaman kanta da kuma tallafawa matakan adalci na rikon kwarya waɗanda ke mutunta hakkin waɗanda aka zalunta Lokacin da komawa ga magungunan ƙasa ba shi da tasiri ko ba zai yiwu ba, FIDH yana taimaka wa waɗanda abin ya shafa ko dai su sami damar zuwa kotuna a wasu ƙasashe ta hanyar ikon mallakar ƙasashen waje, ko kuma gabatar da ƙararrakinsu zuwa Kotun Laifuka ta Duniya (ICC) ko kotunan kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam na yanki. FIDH tana shiga cikin ƙarfafa waɗannan hanyoyin yanki da na duniya. Cimma kawar da hukuncin kisa a  da kuma tabbatar da ‘yancin yin shari’ar gaskiya, gami da yaki da ta’addanci,  su ma makasudin FIDH ne.

* Ƙarfafa girmama haƙƙin ɗan adam dangane da yanayin dunkulewar duniya:

Takaddun FIDH da yin tir da take haƙƙin ɗan adam da ya shafi hukumomi da buƙatun cewa a hukunta masu rawar tattalin arziƙi, gami da yin shari'a. FIDH na da burin ganin an tsayar da Haƙƙin dan adam a cibiyar zuba jari da tattaunawar kasuwanci, kuma tana ƙoƙarin aiwatar da ingantattun hakkokin tattalin arziƙi, zamantakewar al'umma da al'adu . 

* Kare ƙa'idodin dimokiradiyya da tallafawa waɗanda aka cuta a lokacin rikici:

FIDH tana amsa buƙatun daga ƙungiyoyi membobinsu a lokacin rikici ko rikice-rikicen siyasa da cikin ƙasashe masu ruɗaɗɗu. Tana gudanar da bincike-bincike na gaskiya a cikin fagen kuma tattaro al'ummomin duniya ta hanyar ƙungiyoyin byƙasa da na yanki, ƙasashe na uku da sauran masu tasiri.

## Ayyuka

; Kulawa da inganta haƙƙin ɗan adam, taimaka wa waɗanda abin ya shafa
:

Wadannan ayyukan, gami da binciken gaskiya da ayyukan lura da gwaji, bincike, bayar da shawarwari da kararraki, kwararrun masu rajin kare hakkin dan adam ne daga dukkan yankuna ke aiwatar da su. A cikin shekarata 1927, FIDH ta gabatar da "Sanarwar Duniya game da 'Yancin Dan Adam", sannan Kotun Hukunta Manyan Laifuka ta Duniya . A shekarar 1936, FIDH ta amince da karin sanarwa ciki har da hakkin uwaye, yara da tsofaffi, ' yancin yin aiki da walwala ,' yancin hutu da ' yancin neman ilimi . Tsakanin shekara ta 2009 zuwa 2012, an saki 576 masu kare haƙƙin ɗan adam kuma shari'ar da aka yiwa masu kare ta 116 ta ƙare.

; Motsa kan al'ummomin duniya
:

FIDH tana ba da jagoranci da tallafi ga ƙungiyoyin membobinta da sauran abokan haɗin gwiwa na cikin hulɗar su da ƙungiyoyin gwamnatocin ƙasashe da na yanki (IGOs). FIDH ta kafa wakilai a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Geneva da New York, a Tarayyar Turai a Brussels sannan, tun daga 2006, a Kungiyar Hadin kan Ƙasashen Larabawa a Alkahira. Daga shekarata 2004 zuwa shekarata 2005, FIDH sun gabatar da tallafi sama da shari'u 500 gaban IGOs na duniya. FIDH tana shiga cikin tsarin daidaitaccen tsari kuma yana haɓaka kafa hanyoyin sa ido.

; Tallafawa ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na ƙasa da haɓaka ƙarfin su
:

FIDH, tare da mambobinta da kawayenta, suna aiwatar da shirye-shiryen hadin gwiwa a matakin kasa, da nufin karfafa ƙarfin ƙungiyoyin kare Haƙƙin dan adam. FIDH tana ba da horo da taimako a samar da dama don tattaunawa da hukumomi. Daga shekarata 2004 zuwa shekarata 2005, FIDH sun gudanar da irin wadannan shirye-shiryen a kasashe 32 na Afirka, 16 a Latin Amurka, 3 a Asiya da 10 a Arewacin Afirka / yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya .

; Wayar da kan jama'a - sanarwa, faɗakarwa, yin shaida
:

FIDH tana jawo hankalin jama'a game da sakamakon ayyukanta, sakamakon bincikenta da kuma bayanan shaidun gani da ido na take hakkin dan adam, ta hanyar sakin labarai, taron manema labarai, bude wasiku, rahotannin manufa, kira na gaggawa, koke-koke da shafin yanar gizo na FIDH (a Turanci, Faransanci, Mutanen Espanya, Rashanci, Larabci, Farisanci da Baturke ). A cikin shekarata 2005, zirga-zirgar intanet akan www.fidh.org sun kai kimanin shafuka miliyan 2 da aka ziyarta, kuma an lissafa nassoshi 400 zuwa FIDH a kowace rana akan shafukan yanar gizo da ke cikin ƙasashe sama da 100.

## Tsarin

FIDH tana da cibiyarsa a Faris . Ya dogara da farko a kan ɗakunan sadaukar da kai na sadaukarwa. Tsarin ƙungiya ya kunshi zababbun kwamitocin da karamar kungiyar ma'aikata na dindindin waɗanda ke tallafawa ayyukan mambobin kwamitin da wakilan manufa.

Kowace shekara uku, Majalisar FIDH tana tattara ƙungiyoyin membobin don zaɓar Hukumar Internationalasa ta Duniya, gyara abubuwan da suka fi fifiko a cikin ƙungiyar da yanke shawara kan ba da mambobi ga sabbin abokan hulɗa ko kuma keɓe ƙungiyoyin membobin waɗanda ba su sake biyan buƙatunta.

Kwamitin ƙasa da kasa na FIDH ya kunshi Shugaba, Ma’aji, mataimakan shugaban kasa 15 da Sakatarorin Janar 5, dukkansu suna aiki ne bisa son rai kuma suna wakiltar dukkan yankuna na duniya. Shugabannin girmamawa suna da matsayin tuntuba a kan Hukumar Internationalasa ta Duniya. Hukumar Ƙasa da Ƙasa takan hadu sau uku a kowace shekara don fayyace hanyoyin siyasa da dabarun FIDH da zanawa da amincewa da kasafin. Kwamitin zartarwa ya hada da Shugaban kasa, Ma’aji da kuma Sakatarorin Janar 5, kuma sune ke da alhakin kula da FIDH a kowace rana. Wannan ƙungiyar tana haɗuwa sau ɗaya a wata don ɗaukar yanke shawara game da damuwa da buƙatun yau da kullun waɗanda mambobin ƙungiyar suka gabatar. Kwamitocin guda biyu suna kira ga kwarewar sauran masu hadin gwiwa a cikin ayyukan FIDH, gami da wakilai na dindindin ga kungiyoyin gwamnatoci da wakilan masu manufa. Tawagar wakilan mishan ta tattara mutane ɗari ɗari daga kowane yanki.

Sakatariyar ta duniya tana zaune ne a Paris, tare da wakilai zuwa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Geneva da New York City, zuwa Tarayyar Turai a Brussels, zuwa Kotun Laifuka ta Duniya da ke Hague, da Tarayyar Afirka a Nairobi da kuma Asean a Bangkok . Hakanan tana da ofisoshin yanki a Abidjan, Bamako, Alkahira, Conakry da Tunis . Yana aiwatar da shawarar da Internationalasashen Duniya da Hukumomin zartarwa suka yanke kuma yana tabbatar da tallafi na yau da kullun ga ƙungiyoyin membobin. Sakatariyar tana ɗaukar ma'aikata na dindindin 45, waɗanda ke cikin ƙungiyar da masu sa kai suka taimaka.

## Manazarta

## Majiyoyi

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