Littafin Goan

**Littafin Goan** Goan tana da yawan jama'a kusan kimanin miliyan 1.4 da yanki mai faɗin murabba'in kilomita 3,700 (mil 1,430 sq. miles). Ga ƙaramin yanki, yana da ayyukan ɗab'i mai yawa, mai yiyuwa a wani ɓangare saboda mutanensa suna rubutu a cikin yaruka da yawa—watakila har 13—da kuma saboda ɗimbin ƴan ƙasashen waje da ƴan gudun hijira na Goans da suka zauna a duk faɗin duniya.

Daga cikin fitattun marubutan sa akwai Laxmanrao Sardessai (1904–1986) da R.V. Pandit (1917–1990), dukansu sun rubuta waƙoƙi da larabci a cikin Marathi, Konkani, da Fotigal; Shenoi Goembab (1877-1946), wanda rubutun Konkani ya taimaka wajen kafa Konkani a matsayin harshen adabi na zamani; Ravindra Kelekar (1925–2010), wanda ya rubuta wasu daga cikin manyan adabin Konkani na karni na ashirin; da Pundalik Naik (an haife shi a shekara ta 1952), wanda littafinsa na 1977 Achev shine littafin Konkani na farko da aka fassara zuwa Turanci.

## Tarihi

Goa shi ne wuri na farko a Asiya don samun injin bugu, wanda Jesuits suka kawo a 1556. Kusan duk littattafan Goan kafin lokacin an san cewa Portuguese sun lalata su a lokacin shigar da Inquisition. Da kyar za a iya lamunce sarakunan Portugal na Goa da rikodi na adabin Goan. Don haka, Goa ya yi doguwar soyayya tare da rubutacciyar kalma da bugu, ko da yake ci gaban ya kasance a hankali, kuma yana fuskantar matsaloli kamar hutun harshe da tantancewa.

Peter Nazareth ya nuna cewa Goans ya rubuta a cikin harsuna goma sha uku, wanda manyan daga cikinsu sune Konkani, Marathi, Turanci da Fotigal. Nazarat ta kwatanta Goans a matsayin 'dillalan al'adu':

Goans suna sasantawa tsakanin al'adu, Goans suna rayuwa tsakanin al'adu daban-daban, Goans matafiya ne daga wani yanki na duniya zuwa wani. Wannan, a ganina, ya faru lokacin da Gabas da Yamma suka hadu a Goans a karkashin matsin lamba tare da cin nasara na Portuguese. Tun daga wannan lokacin, amfanin mu ga duniya, a duk inda muke, shine mu iya fahimtar al'adu daban-daban kuma mu taimaka wa mutane daga al'adu daban-daban su fahimci juna. Lalacewar ita ce idan ba mu yi aiki a kai ba, za mu iya kawo karshen rashin sanin ko mu waye.

Rubutun adabi a Goa ya fara samun tsari a ƙarƙashin mulkin Portuguese da tasirinsa, wanda ke da alaƙa da Farfaɗowar Farko na ƙarni na goma sha tara, wanda ya ga sake dawo da manema labarai zuwa Goa, tare da faɗaɗa ilimin Portuguese. Littattafai na harshen Portuguese, kamar A Biblioteca de Goa (1839), O Enciclopédico (1841-1842), O Compilador (1843-1847), O Gabinete Literário das Fontainhas (1846-1848), A revista Ilustrativa (1848), 1857-1866) da kuma O Arquivo Portugués Oriental (1857-1866)', tare da Júlio Gonçalves's Ilustraçao Goana (1864-1866), yayin da sau da yawa ba su daɗe ba, sun ba da sabon ra'ayi ba kawai don yada littattafan Turai ba (ko dai a cikin Portuguese). ko a cikin fassarar), amma ya ba da damar girma ga Goans don buga rubuce-rubucen adabi da na ilimi.

Littafin farko da wani Goan ya buga shine Os Brahamanes (The Brahmans) na Francisco Luis Gomes, wanda aka buga a 1866.

Daga baya a karni na sha tara, rubutun yare ya fara fitowa da karfi, misali a Konkani, yaren gida da ake magana da shi. Marubucin Goan Shenoi Goembab (1877-1946) shine tushen haɓaka adabin Konkani na zamani. Harshen hukuma na yankin tun 1987, Konkani yanzu ana karatunsa a makarantu. Adabi na Konkani ya fito tare da saurin haɓakar adabin Marathi, wanda Goan R.V. Pandit ya kasance fitaccen mai magana. S. M. Tadkodkar, wanda jami'ar Goa ta ba shi digirin digirgir na digirin digirgir a kan Anant Kaakaba Priolkar, ya kara da cewa yayin da harshen Kannadd na lardin Karnataka ke mamaye al'adun Goan, harshen Marathi da al'adar Goans sun karbe shi. Yanzu, Marathi ya rungumi Goans kuma ba zai bar su ba, da son rai. Ana buga mafi girman adabi a Marathi. Akwai jaridun Marathi guda 8 da aka buga daga Goa. Shahararru daga cikinsu akwai Dianik Gomantak, Tarun Bharat, Lokamat, Navaprabha, Pudhari, Goadoot. Lokmat na Marathi na yau da kullun yana da mafi girman wurare dabam dabam (50000+) a tsakanin duk jaridu.

A ƙarshen karni na sha tara, hulɗa da yawa da ƙaura zuwa Indiya da Birtaniyya ke mulkin mallaka kuma sun ƙarfafa rubutun Goan na Ingilishi, tare da fursunoni na farko ciki har da Joseph Furtado. Edward D'Lima, wanda ya yi digirinsa na digiri a kan marubucin Goan Armando Menezes, ya yi jayayya cewa Goan rubutun a cikin Ingilishi ya koma ƙarshen karni na sha tara, lokacin da Goans ke ƙaura daga wannan mulkin mallaka na Portuguese don neman ayyuka a cikin Ingilishi mai girma. -masu magana da turawan mulkin mallaka na turawan ingila. Turanci shine watakila yaren adabin da ya fi tasiri a Goa: 'yawan ƙirƙira ya kunno kai a cikin adabin Goan a cikin Ingilishi tun 2000 a cikin almara da almara, wasan kwaikwayo da shayari'.

## Marubuta Goan
Bayan Turanci, Konkani da Marathi, Goans, musamman na ƙarni na baya, sun ba da gudummawa sosai ga rubuce-rubuce a cikin Fotigal.

## Albarkatu don da game da marubutan Goan
Ma'ajiyar cibiyoyin jami'ar Goa, harsuna da sashin adabi

* Goa Archives
* Fundação Oriente, ƙungiyar al'adun Portuguese na tushen Panjim, wanda ya taimaka wa wasu marubuta da ƙananan tallafi na 'yan dubun rupees.
* Laburare na Jami'ar Goa: Tana da tarin tarin yawa a cikin yarukan Konkani, Marathi, Ingilishi, Fotigal, Faransanci. Yana da tsoffin rubuce-rubucen hannu, microfilms da kwafi na ƙarni na 17 a Goa.
* Laburaren Tsakiyar Jihar Goa, wanda Gwamnatin Goa ke tafiyar da shi, shine ɗakin karatu mafi tsufa a Kudancin Asiya. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan ajiya da aka buga da suka shafi harsunan Goan da adabi tun ƙarni na sha bakwai.

## Goa Arts and Literary Festival
Goa Arts and Literary Festival (GALF) biki ne mara riba wanda masu sa kai suka shirya. An gudanar da bugu na farko na GALF a cikin 2010. Bikin na kwanaki uku yana da muhawara, laccoci da tattaunawa kan fasaha, kiɗa, daukar hoto, jawo manyan masu sauraro daga ko'ina cikin duniya a Cibiyar Goa ta Duniya, Dona Paula.

## Bibliography
*COSTA, Aleixo Manuel da. *Dicionário de literatura goesa*. **Instituto Cultural de Macau**, Fundação Oriente, 3 v., 1997.
*DEVI, Vimala, & SEABRA, Manuel de. *A literatura indo-portuguesa*. **Junta de Investigações do Ultramar**, 2 v., 1971.
*NAZARETH, Peter (ed.). "Goan Literature: A Modern Reader", **Journal of South Asian Literature** Winter-Spring 1983.

## Manazarta

"Goan Literature: A Modern Reader", *Journal of South Asian Literature* Winter-Spring 1983

Translated in Manohar Shetty's *Ferry Crossing*

## Duba

* Konkani language
* Konkani words from other languages

## Mahadan Waje
*Goabooks site
*Archive of Goan Writing in Portuguese