Hélène Jégado

**Hélène Jégado** (c. 1803 - 26 Fabrairu 1852) ta kasance ma'aikaciyar gida ce ta Faransa kuma Mai kisan gilla. An yi imanin cewa ta kashe mutane 36 da arsenic a tsawon shekaru 18. Bayan wani lokaci na farko na aiki, tsakanin 1833 da 1841, da alama ta tsaya kusan kusan shekaru goma kafin yaƙin karshe a 1851.

## Rayuwa ta farko da laifuka
An haifi Hélène Jégado a wani karamin gona a Plouhinec (Morbihan) , kusa da Lorient a Brittany . Ta rasa mahaifiyarta tana da shekaru bakwai kuma an tura ta aiki tare da kawunanta biyu waɗanda suka kasance bayin a gidan ibada na Bubry. Bayan shekaru 17, ta bi mahaifiyarta zuwa garin Séglien . Ta zama mai dafa abinci ga curé, inda wani abin da ya faru ya tashi inda aka zarge ta da ƙara hemp daga gidan hatsi zuwa abincinsa.

Ta farko da ake zargi da guba ya faru ne a 1833 lokacin da wani firist, Fr. François Le Drogo, a ƙauyen Guern da ke kusa. A cikin watanni uku tsakanin 28 ga Yuni da 3 ga Oktoba, mambobi bakwai na gidan sun mutu ba zato ba tsammani, ciki har da firist da kansa, tsohuwar mahaifiyarsa da mahaifinsa, da kuma 'yar'uwarta mai ziyara, Anne Jégado. Halin da take nunawa da kuma halin ibada sun tabbatar da cewa ba a zarge ta ba. Da yake ya zo ba da daɗewa ba bayan annobar kwalara ta 1832, ana iya danganta mutuwar ga dalilai na halitta.

Jégado ta koma Bubry don maye gurbin 'yar'uwarta, inda mutane uku, ciki har da mahaifiyarta, suka mutu a cikin watanni uku, dukansu ta kula da su a gefen gadonsu. Ta koma Locminé, inda ta shiga tare da ma'aikacin ma'auni, Marie-Jeanne Leboucher; duka Leboucher da 'yarta sun mutu kuma ɗa ya yi rashin lafiya. Yana yiwuwa cewa dan ya tsira saboda bai yarda da hidimar Jégado ba. Sa'an nan, a cikin wannan garin, gwauruwa Lorey ta ba Jégado ɗaki; ta mutu bayan ta ci sop da sabon mai zama ya shirya. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 1835, Madame Toussaint ta hayar da Jégado; wasu mutuwar hudu sun biyo baya. A wannan lokacin, ta riga ta sanya mutane goma sha bakwai a cikin kaburbura.

Daga baya a cikin 1835, an yi amfani da Jégado a matsayin bawa a wani gidan ibada a Auray, amma an sallame shi da sauri bayan abubuwan da suka faru da yawa na lalata da lalata.

Jégado ta yi aiki a matsayin mai dafa abinci a wasu gidaje a Auray, sannan a Pontivy, Lorient, da Port-Louis, kodayake an yi mata aiki ne kawai a takaice a kowannensu. Sau da yawa wani ya yi rashin lafiya ko ya mutu. Daga cikin sanannun kisan da ta yi shine na wani yaro, ƙaramar Marie Bréger, wacce ta mutu a Château de Soye (Ploemeur) a watan Mayu 1841, shekaru goma da wata daya kafin kama ta karshe. Yawancin wadanda abin ya shafa sun mutu suna nuna alamun da suka dace da guba ta arsenic, kodayake ba a taɓa kama ta da arsenic da take da shi ba. Babu wani rikodin mutuwar da ake zargi daga ƙarshen 1841 zuwa 1849, kodayake yawancin ma'aikatanta daga baya sun ba da rahoton sata; a bayyane yake ta kasance kleptomaniac kuma an kama ta sata sau da yawa.

Ayyukanta sun ɗauki sabon canji a 1849 lokacin da ta koma Rennes, babban birnin yankin.

Kodayake babu bayanai da yawa da ke nuna dalilin da ya sa ta aikata waɗannan laifuka, ana iya danganta shi da batutuwan tunani. Misali na ilimin halayyar dan adam ya bayyana cewa ana iya danganta laifuffukanta da matsalolin halayenta. Yana yiwuwa cewa waɗannan matsalolin sun ɓarke tun suna ƙarama bayan mahaifiyarta ta mutu. Ba sabon abu ba ne ga yaro ya kamu da cutar da aka watsar saboda iyayen da suka wuce. Jégado sau ɗaya ta bayyana cewa kisan mutane ya ba ta ikon, wanda ta ji daɗi.

## Kamawa
A shekara ta 1850, Jégado ya shiga ma'aikatan gidan Théophile Bidard, farfesa a fannin shari'a a Jami'ar Rennes. Ɗaya daga cikin bayinsa, Rose Tessier, ya yi rashin lafiya kuma ya mutu lokacin da Jégado ya kula da ita. A shekara ta 1851, daya daga cikin sauran ma'aikatan, Rosalie Sarrazin, ta yi rashin lafiya kuma ta mutu. Likitoci biyu sun yi ƙoƙari su ceci Sarrazin kuma saboda alamun sun yi kama da na Tessier, sun shawo kan dangi su ba da izinin Binciken gawa. Jégado ta haifar da tuhuma lokacin da ta sanar da rashin laifi kafin a tambaye ta wani abu, kuma an kama ta a ranar 1 ga Yulin 1851.

Bincike daga baya ya danganta ta da mutuwar 23 da ake zargi da guba tsakanin 1833 da 1841, amma babu wani daga cikin wadannan da aka bincika sosai tunda sun kasance a waje da iyakar shekaru goma don gurfanar da su kuma babu wata hujja ta kimiyya. Labaran yankin sun danganta ga mutuwar da ba a bayyana ba, wasu daga cikinsu kusan saboda dalilai na halitta ne. Kimanin da aka fi dogara da shi shine cewa mai yiwuwa ta aikata kusan kisan kai 36.

## Shari'a
An fara shari'ar Jégado a ranar 6 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1851, amma, saboda dokokin Faransa na shaida da aka ba da izini da kuma dokar iyakoki, an zarge ta da kisan kai uku kawai, yunkurin kisan kai sau uku da sata 11. Akalla shari'ar daya daga baya ta bayyana cewa an sauke ta tun lokacin da ta shafi yaro kuma 'yan sanda ba su da niyyar tayar da iyaye ta hanyar fitar da gawa. Halin Jégado a kotu ba daidai ba ne, yana canzawa daga murmushi mai tawali'u zuwa ihu mai ƙarfi da kuma tashin hankali na lokaci-lokaci a kan masu tuhumar ta. Ta ci gaba da musanta cewa ta san abin da arsenic yake, duk da shaidar akasin haka. Likitocin da suka bincika wadanda aka azabtar da su ba su lura da wani abu mai tuhuma ba, amma lokacin da aka gano wadanda aka kashe kwanan nan, sun nuna shaidar arsenic da yiwuwar antimony.

Faustino Malaguti, farfesa a fannin ilmin sunadarai daga Jami'ar Rennes, an kira shi a matsayin gwani a gwajin. 

Lauyan kare, Magloire Dorange, ya yi jawabi mai ban mamaki na rufewa, yana jayayya cewa tana buƙatar ƙarin lokaci fiye da yawancin don tuba kuma ana iya kare ta daga hukuncin kisa tunda tana mutuwa daga ciwon daji.

Wannan shari'ar ta jawo hankali kadan a lokacin, an tura ta daga shafukan gaba ta hanyar juyin mulki a Paris.

An yanke wa Jégado hukuncin kisa ta hanyar guillotine kuma an kashe shi a gaban babban taron masu kallo a kan Champ-de-Mars a Rennes a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu 1852.

## Dubi kuma

## Manazarta