Iain McCalman

**Iain Duncan McCalman** AO FRHS FASSA FAHA (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 1947) masanin tarihi ne na Australiya, masanin kimiyyar zamantakewa, malami kuma tsohon Farfesa a fannin Bincike a Jami'ar Sydney, haka kuma fitaccen mai bincike kan muhalli. An haifi McCalman kuma ya girma a Nyasaland (Malawi ta yanzu) kafin ya koma Ostiraliya don kammala karatunsa na jami'a a fannin Tarihi .  Kwararren masani ne a tarihin al'adun Birtaniya da Turai na ƙarni na sha takwas da farkon karni na sha tara. 

Abubuwan da McCalman ke sha'awa a kansu sun haɗa da kare muhalli da tarihin muhalli, tarihin al'adu marasa kyau da shahara, tarihin kimiyya da tarihin tarihi, musamman dangane da motsin rai a tarihi da kuma rawar da sake fasalin tarihi ke takawa. Ya kuma kasance Shugaban Kwalejin Nazarin Bil Adama daga 2001 zuwa 2004, wanda ya kafa kuma ya zama darakta na Cibiyar Muhalli ta Sydney daga 2013 zuwa 2018. An nada McCalman a matsayin Jami'in Order of Australia (AO) a 2007.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi McCalman a tsohuwar masarautar Birtaniya ta Nyasaland a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 1947. Shi da 'yar'uwarsa sun fito ne daga 'yan Australiya waɗanda suka ci gaba da zama a Afirka bayan Yaƙin Boer . [1] Mahaifin McCalman ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin gwamnati na Burtaniya a Nyasaland na mulkin mallaka. [1] McCalman ya yi tunani game da yarintarsa a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin mulkin mallaka a Afirka: “[Mahaifina] koyaushe yana gaya mana cewa Turawan mulkin mallaka masu kula ne, ba masu su ba, kuma wata rana za mu tafi. Ya fusata ni da 'yar'uwata sosai. Afirka ita ce gidanmu. Amma bai taɓa siyan kadarori ba, koyaushe yana shirya mu mu tafi”. [2]

## Sana'a
A lokacin da yake rubuta takardar digirinsa na biyu a Jami'ar Ƙasa ta Australiya, McCalman ya yi aiki a matsayin malami a Jami'ar Macquarie da ke Sydney daga 1972. A nan ne ya fara koyar da tarihin zamani kuma ya fara haɗuwa da mai ba shi shawara kuma abokin aikinsa, Jill Roe, AO FASSA (1940-2017).  A shekarar 1994, McCalman ya kafa kansa a matsayin malami mai daraja kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'a don Ingantaccen Koyarwa a ANU. 

Bayan an zaɓe shi a matsayin Shugaban Kwalejin Nazarin Bil Adama ta Australiya - rawar da ya taka daga 2001 zuwa 2004 - McCalman ya mayar da hankali kan ajandarsa wajen magance rashin daidaito tsakanin yadda ake mu'amala da ilimin ɗan adam da na halitta a Ostiraliya.  Babban shawara da aka bayar don cimma wannan burin ita ce ta hanyar "jaddada buƙatar haɓaka ƙirƙira da ƙirƙira ta hanyar ƙirƙirar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin fannoni daban-daban".  Misalin irin wannan hanyar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin fannoni ya haɗa da "magance abubuwan zamantakewa da al'adu lokacin da gwamnatoci ke neman rungumar sabbin fasahohi". 

### Kyaututtuka
A shekara ta 2001, an ba McCalman lambar yabo ta ƙarni "saboda hidimarsa ga al'ummar Australiya da kuma ilimin ɗan adam a nazarin tarihi".  Daga baya, a shekara ta 2007, an naɗa McCalman a matsayin Jami'in Order of Australia a matsayin wani ɓangare na Jerin Girmamawar Ranar Haihuwar Sarauniya don "sabis ga tarihi da kuma ilimin ɗan adam a matsayin malami, mai bincike da marubuci, da kuma ta hanyar ayyukan gudanarwa, bayar da shawarwari da kuma ba da shawara a cikin ƙungiyoyin ilimi da na gwamnati". 

## Manazarta