Ƙofar iska

**ƙofar iska** ko labule na iska na'urar ce da ake amfani da ita don hana iska, gurɓataccen abu, ko kwari masu tashi daga motsawa daga wannan sarari zuwa wani. Mafi yawan aiwatarwa shine fan mai fuskantar ƙasa wanda aka ɗora a kan ƙofar gini, ko a kan buɗewa tsakanin sarari biyu da aka tsara a yanayin zafi daban-daban.

## Ma'anar

A Arewacin Amurka, kalmar da aka fi amfani da ita don ƙofar iska ita ce "garin iska". American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) ya bayyana ƙofar iska kamar haka: "A cikin aikace-aikacensa mafi sauki, labule na iska ci gaba ne mai gudana na iska da ke gudana a fadin ƙofar sararin samaniya. Yana rage shiga kwari da iska mara ƙonawa a cikin sararin sanyaya ta hanyar tilasta iska a kan dukkan ƙofar. "Ruwa yana motsawa da sauri da kusurwa ta yadda duk iska da ke ƙoƙarin shiga cikin labulewar iska ta hanyar shigarwa ta hanyar shigar da iska ta hanyar iska ta hanyar shiga cikin layin sama da kewaye.

The Air Movement and Control Association (AMCA) ya bayyana labule na iska kamar haka: "A directed-controlled airstream, yana motsawa a fadin dukan tsawo da faɗin buɗewa, wanda ke rage infiltration ko canja wurin iska daga wannan gefen buɗewa zuwa ɗayan kuma / ko hana tashi kwari, ƙura ko tarkace daga wucewa ta hanyar".

## Amfani da shi

Sau da yawa ana amfani da ƙofofin iska inda ake buƙatar ƙofofi su kasance a buɗe don dalilai na aiki, kamar a tashar loda da ƙofocin motoci. Ana iya amfani da su don taimakawa wajen ci gaba da tashi kwari ta hanyar haifar da tashin hankali mai karfi, ko taimakawa wajen fita waje da iska, don haka rage shiga ta hanyar budewa. Za'a iya kauce wa sanyi ta hanyar gauraya cikin iska mai dumi da ƙofar iska ta dumama. Ana amfani da ƙofofin iska mai zafi lokacin da ake buƙatar ƙarin zafi don sarari, da kuma rage yanayin sanyi na iska a cikin buɗewa, a yanayin sanyi.

Ƙarin aikace-aikace sun haɗa da ƙofar abokan ciniki, ɗakunan jirgin sama, ƙofofin kaya, tuki ta windows, ƙofofi na gidan abinci, ko ƙofofin karɓar jigilar kaya. Sau da yawa ana amfani da labule na iska mara zafi tare da ajiyar sanyi da ɗakunan firiji.

Ana iya sanye da kofofin iska tare da ko ba tare da masu dumama ba don dumama iska. Dole ne fan ya kasance mai ƙarfi don samar da jet na iska wanda zai iya kaiwa ƙasa. Akwai wasu karatu a cikin wallafe-wallafen kimiyya waɗanda ke gabatar da hanyoyin nazari don hango hasashen yadda aka samu ta hanyar rufewa da labule na iska.

An yi amfani da labule na iska a cikin ɗakunan aiki na asibiti don kare marasa lafiya daga iska mai gurbataccen kwayar cuta. Bayan annobar COVID-19, kungiyoyi suna binciken amfani da labule na iska don hana yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta a wuraren da aka rufe kamar unguwanni na asibiti. Wadannan sun hada da labule na iska da aka kirkira a Jami'ar Hong Kong Polytechnic  da kuma tsarin labule na lantarki (DACS) wanda aka kirkira A Jami'ar Nagoya.  Irin waɗannan na'urorin suna da niyyar amfani da labule na iska don kare ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya daga ƙwayoyin cuta masu iska kamar coronaviruses.

## Tasiri
Iska ta ƙofar ta dogara da ƙarfin iska, bambancin zafin jiki (convection), da bambancin matsin lamba. Ƙofofin iska suna aiki mafi kyau lokacin da bambancin matsin lamba tsakanin ciki da waje na ginin yana kusa da tsaka-tsaki kamar yadda zai yiwu. Matsin lamba mara kyau, bambance-bambance masu tsananin zafin jiki, masu ɗagawa a kusa, ko matsanancin danshi na iya rage tasirin ƙofofin iska.

Ƙofar iska mafi inganci don ƙunshe da iska mai sanyaya a cikin gini tare da ƙofar buɗewa za ta sami saurin fuska mai girma a buɗewa, wanda aka samar ta hanyar gudana daga sama zuwa ƙasa, da dawo da iska ta hanyar sake zagayawa da dawowar bututun zuwa magoya bayan tushen. Wannan tsari yana yiwuwa don sabon gini, amma yana da wahala a aiwatar da shi a cikin gine-ginen da ke akwai. Ƙofar iska ta fi tasiri tare da saurin iska na waje; a saurin iska mafi girma, yawan haɗakar iska yana ƙaruwa kuma ɓangaren iska na waje na jimlar fuska yana ƙaruwa. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau na iska mara kyau, tasirin ƙofar iska yana da iyakarsa, amma a wurare masu iska ƙofofin iska ba za su iya ƙirƙirar cikakkiyar hatimi ba, amma har yanzu ana amfani da su sau da yawa don rage adadin shiga daga buɗewa.

## Manazarta