Charles-Edward Amory Winslow

**Charles-Edward Amory Winslow** (Fabrairu 4, 1877 - Janairu 8, 1957) masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne na Amurka kuma masanin lafiyar jama'a wanda, a cewar Encyclopedia of Public Health,  "wani mutum ne mai mahimmanci a lafiyar jama'ar, ba kawai a cikin ƙasarsa ba, Amurka, amma a cikin duniya ta Yamma. "

An haifi Winslow a Boston, Massachusetts kuma ya halarci Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (M.I.T.), inda ya sami BS a 1898 da MS a 1910. 

Ya fara aikinsa a matsayin masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta. Ya sadu da Anne Fuller Rogers lokacin da suke dalibai a dakin gwaje-gwaje na William T. Sedgwick a M.I.T., kuma ya auri ta a 1907. Ya koyar a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts yayin da yake jagorantar tashar gwajin datti daga 1908 zuwa 1910, sannan ya koyar a Kwalejin Birnin New York daga 1910 zuwa 1914.

Shi ne ƙaramin memba na Yarjejeniyar Society of American Bacteriologists lokacin da aka kafa wannan kungiyar a shekara ta 1899.  Tare da Samuel Cate Prescott ya buga littafi na farko na Amurka kan abubuwan da ke cikin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta na ruwa.

A shekara ta 1915 ya kafa Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya ta Yale a cikin Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Yale, kuma ya kasance farfesa kuma shugaban Ma'aikalin har sai da ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 1945.  (Sashen ya zama Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Yale bayan an gabatar da takardar shaidar a cikin 1947.)  A lokacin da aka mamaye binciken a cikin ilmin ƙwayoyin cuta, ya jaddada hangen nesa game da haifar da shi, yana karɓar hangen nesa. Sashen da ke karkashin jagorancinsa ya kasance mai ba da gudummawa ga sake fasalin kiwon lafiya a Connecticut. Ya kasance darektan farko na Yale's J.B. Pierce Laboratory, yana aiki daga 1932 zuwa 1957. Winslow ya kuma taimaka wajen kafa Makarantar Nursing ta Yale .

Shi ne Babban Edita na farko na Journal of Bacteriology, yana aiki a wannan matsayi daga 1916 zuwa 1944.  Ya kuma kasance editan American Journal of Public Health daga 1944 zuwa 1954. Ya kasance mai kula da lafiyar jama'a a Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi na Amirka daga 1910 zuwa 1922. A shekara ta 1926 ya zama shugaban kungiyar kiwon lafiya ta jama'a ta Amurka,  kuma a cikin shekarun 1950 ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya.

## Bayyana lafiyar jama'a
A cikin 1920, Winslow ya buga ma'anar kiwon lafiyar jama'a a cikin *[[Science (journal)|Kimiyya]]*, yana kwatanta fagen a matsayin "kimiyya da fasaha na hana cututtuka, tsawaita rayuwa, da inganta lafiyar jiki da inganci ta hanyar kokarin da aka tsara ta hanyar tsabtace muhalli, kula da kamuwa da cuta na al'umma, ilimin mutum a cikin ka'idodin tsabtace mutum, shirya aikin likita da jinya don ganowa da maganin rigakafin cututtukan haihuwa na farko wanda zai tabbatar wa kowane mutum damar kiyayewa da kula da lafiyarmu na shekaru masu zuwa

## Kyautar CEA Winslow
A cikin C.-E. Jami'ar Yale ce ta kirkiro lambar yabo ta A. Winslow kuma tana tunawa da Winslow a matsayin majagaba a kiwon lafiyar jama'a da magani, wanda aka yaba da kafa makarantar ta biyu mafi tsufa ta kiwon lafiyar Jama'a a kasar a Yale. Daga cikin shugabannin kiwon lafiya da aka fi ambaton su a lokacin rayuwarsa, Dokta Winslow ya yi imanin cewa daidaito a cikin nauyi tare da ra'ayoyin kimiyya game da kiwon lafiya le cututtuka shine sadaukar da adalci na zamantakewa - cewa matsalolin zamantakewa dole ne su zama nasara ta farko a cikin "nasara cutar annoba". ”

Wadanda suka lashe gasar a baya sun hada da Peter Hotez (2024) da Kimberle Crenshaw (2023).

C.-E. Masu karɓar kyautar Winslow (1955-2015) 

* 1955 - Aboki Lee Mickle
* 1956 - Kwamitin Hukumar Nursing na CT PH
* 1957 - Ira V. Hiscock da Stanley H. Osborn
* 1958 - Elizabeth Gordon Fox
* 1959 - Mista Allen Pond
* 1960 - Alfred Burgdorf
* 1961 - John R. Paul
* 1962 - Hazel V. Dudley
* 1963 - Martha Clifford
* 1964 - Louis J. Dumont
* 1965 - Leonard F. Menczer
* 1966 - Warren J. Scott
* 1967 - Franklin M. Foote
* 1968 - Edward M. Cohart
* 1969 - Leonard Iyaye
* 1970 - Wilbur Johnston
* 1971 - Florence Austin
* 1972 - Mrs. Chase Going Woodhouse
* 1973 - Edwin Meiss
* 1974 - James Hart
* 1975 - Barbara Christine
* 1976 - Adrian Ostfield
* 1977 - Estelle Siker
* 1978 - Fred Adams
* 1979 - J. Wister Meigs
* 1981 - Robert W. McCollum
* 1984 - I. S. Falk
* 1985 - George Silver
* 1986 - Ralph Gofstein
* 1987 - Alvin Novik
* 1988 - Martha Leonard
* 1989 - Elizabeth Bellis
* 1990 - Ruth Abbott
* 1991 - Roslyn U. Fishman
* 1992 - John Glasgow
* 1994 - Susan Addiss
* 1995 - James F. Jekel
* 1996 - Virginia S. Humphrey
* 1997 - James L. Hadler
* 1998 - Cornell Scott / Katrina Clark
* 1999 - Holger Hansen
* 2000 - Richard F. Straub
* 2001 - Marge Nelligan
* 2002 - Alfreda Turner
* 2003 - Elaine O'Keefe
* 2004 - Paul M. Shur
* 2005 - Joan Segal
* 2006 - Ruth N. Knollmueller
* 2007 - Katherine A. Kelley
* 2008 - Elaine Anderson
* 2009 - Michael J. Perlin
* 2010 - Baker Salsbury
* 2011 - Shelley Diehl Geballe
* 2012 - Patricia J. Checko
* 2014 - William G. Faraclas
* 2015 - Jeannette Ickovics
* 2016 - Debbie Humphries
* 2017 - Jennifer Curtains

## CEA Winslow Mai Fassara
A shekara ta 1896, ya fassara, daga Jamusanci, wani wasa a cikin ayyuka huɗu na Hermann Sudermann, wanda aka sake masa suna kuma Henry Stephenson da Charles Waldron ne suka buga shi a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Broadway a Birnin New York, New York.    

## Littattafai
Winslow ya rubuta kusan labarai 600 da littattafai game da ilmin ƙwayoyin cuta, lafiyar jama'a, tsaftacewa, da kuma kula da kiwon lafiya. Daga cikin mafi mahimmanci sune:

* *Juyin Halitta da Muhimmancin Yakin Lafiya na Jama'a na zamani* (1923) 
* Cin nasarar Cutar Cutar (1943) 
* *Tarihin Yaduwar Yaduwar Amurka* (1952).

## Manazarta