Rita Miljo

**Rita Miljo** ( née Neumann ; 18 ga Fabrairu 1931 - 27 ga Yuli 2012) haifaffiyar ƙasar Jamus ce, mai kare muhalli da kare haƙƙin dabbobi ta Afirka ta Kudu, wadda aka san ta da kafa da kuma kula da "Cibiyar Gyaran Dabbobi da Ilimi" (CARE) kusa da Phalaborwa a Afirka ta Kudu . An haife ta a Gabashin Prussia jim kaɗan kafin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ya fara, tana da mafarki tun tana ƙarama na zama likitan dabbobi . Lokacin da yaƙin ya ɓarke, ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar 'yan mata ta Matasan Hitler, amma ta daina lokacin da mahaifinta ya daina goyon bayan Nazi . Bayan ɗan lokaci tana karatun ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a jami'a, ta yi aiki a masana'anta sannan ta yi aiki a gidan namun daji na Hagenbeck .

Lokacin da saurayinta ya ƙaura zuwa Johannesburg, Neumann ta bi shi can suka yi aure. Da farko, Miljo tana aiki a ofis, amma ta shafe ƙarshen mako tana nazarin dabbobi a Kruger National Park . Ta sayi fili mai fadin eka 50 a Lardin Limpopo a bakin Kogin Olifants a shekarar 1963. A shekarar 1980, ta ceto wata mace marainiya mai bishiya kuma ta ƙuduri aniyar kafa wurin ajiye namun daji ga dabbobi a gidanta. A shekarar 1989, ta kafa CARE, kuma ta ƙirƙiro tsarin gyara dabbobin da suka ji rauni da marayu domin a sake mayar da su daji. Saboda rashin horonta, masana kimiyya da farko suna kallon aikinta da shakku, amma an ɗauke ta a matsayin ƙwararriya a kula da bishiya. Miljo ta mutu a gobara a gidan CARE a shekarar 2012. An tuna da rayuwarta da aikinta a fina-finai da dama, shirye-shiryen talabijin, da littafi.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Rita Neumann a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, 1931 a Heilsberg, wani ƙaramin ƙauye a Gabashin Prussia kusa da Königsberg, Jamus, wanda yanzu aka sani da Kaliningrad da kuma a Rasha.   Ta girma tare da wani ɗan'uwa a cikin dangin matsakaici kuma tana mafarkin zama likitan dabbobi .   Mahaifiyarta ta kasance mai tsauri da kuma kariya fiye da kima, tana iyakance ayyukan da aka ba Neumann damar shiga. Tana da shekaru takwas, ta shiga ƙungiyar 'Yan Matan Jamus (reshen 'yan mata na Matasan Hitler ), tana jin daɗin samun damar yin gasa a wasanni.   Cikin shekara guda, ta zama shugaba a shirin Matasan Hitler kuma ita ce shugaba mafi ƙanƙanta a lardin.  An tura mahaifinta cikin soja, amma bayan mamayar Poland bai goyi bayan gwamnatin Nazi ba kuma 'yarsa ba ta sake shiga cikin Matasan Hitler ba.  Da ta waiwayi Nazi, Neumann daga baya ta ce "matashiya ce kuma wawa " sai daga baya ta fahimci "haukacin da aka yi mana". 

Lokacin da yaƙin ya ƙare a shekarar 1945, iyalin suka ƙaura zuwa Bavaria don neman aiki da makarantu ga yara.  Daga ƙarshe suka zauna a Hamburg inda mahaifinta ya sami aikin gwamnati kuma Neumann ta fara zuwa Kloster Schule, wata makarantar sakandare ta 'yan mata da ke kusa.  Bayan kammala karatunta a shekarar 1949, shirinta na cancantar zama likitan dabbobi ya gamu da cikas sakamakon manufar Jamus ta Yamma bayan yaƙin, ta fifita tsoffin sojoji don shiga jami'o'i.   Ta shiga kwasa-kwasan ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, amma ba ta ji daɗinsu ba kuma ta daina karatunta lokacin da aka gano mahaifiyarta tana da cutar kansa. Bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarta a shekarar 1951, Neumann ta ɗauki aikin masana'anta ta kawo ƙanenta Peter ya zauna tare da ita. 

### Farkon aikin (1951–1989)

Lokacin da mahaifinta ya sake yin aure, Peter ya koma gidan danginsa kuma Neumann ta fara aiki a gidan namun daji na Hagenbeck, tana kula da dabbobin daji.  Tana da shekaru goma sha tara, ta haɗu da Lothar Simon, wanda ke karatun zama injiniyan hakar ma'adinai a Technische Universität Berlin .   Lokacin da Simon ta kammala karatunta kuma ta sami aiki a Afirka ta Kudu a 1953, Neumann ta yanke shawarar yin ƙaura, tana fatan za ta iya aiki da dabbobi.   Simon ya shirya mata izinin aiki da aikin ofis, kafin isowarta.  Ma'auratan sun yi aure a watan Fabrairun 1954.  Simon ya yi aiki a filayen zinare kuma ya sami nasara sosai, wanda ya ba Neumann damar zama mai zaman kanta da kuma mai son kasada.  

A ƙarshen mako, Neumann za ta bar Johannesburg ta yi tafiya zuwa Kruger National Park . Ta haɗu da wani masanin tsuntsaye a can, Dr. Kleynhans, wanda ya koya mata tarihin Afirka ta Kudu. Su biyun sun yi tafiya tare zuwa Zambia da Zimbabwe, inda Kleynhans ke yin rikodin tsuntsaye. Neumann ya taimaka masa a aikinsa ta hanyar tsara rikodinsa.  Ta koyi tashi kuma saboda malamai maza ba sa koya mata motsa jiki, sai ta sayi littafi ta koya wa kanta yin madaukai da karkace.  A shekarar 1963, ta sayi fili mai fadin eka 50 a bakin Kogin Olifants a Lardin Limpopo .   Ta shafe lokaci mai tsawo ba tare da gida ba a can. Ta fara yin zango a cikin tanti sannan daga baya ta gina bukka mai ɗaki ɗaya a kan kadarar, inda za ta kai 'yarta Karin.  A shekarar 1972, Simon da Karin mai shekaru 17 sun mutu a wani hatsarin jirgin sama mai sauƙi a shekarar 1972, wanda yake tuƙi.  

A shekarar 1980, Neumann ta sake yin aure; mijinta, Piet Miljo, ɗan Afirkaner ne. A wannan shekarar, yayin da ma'auratan ke kan hanyar zuwa Angola, ta gano wata ƙaramar yarinya ' yar Chacma ( *papio ursinus* ), wadda aka yi watsi da ita.    A lokacin, a ƙarƙashin wata doka da aka sani da *Dokar Vermin*, wadda gwamnatin Apartheid ta zartar, an yi wa aladu na daji, caracals, chacma baboons, diloli, da birai vervet alama ta halaka. Wannan yana nufin cewa an ɗauke su a matsayin kwari, ba za a iya ɗaukar su ba, kuma an ƙarfafa mafarauta su harbe su.  Saboda rashin bin doka, Miljo ta ɗauki ɗan biri, mai suna Bobby, ta dawo da shi a ɓoye ta hanyar Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, ta tsallaka daga Gemsbok National Park na Botswana zuwa Kalahari Gemsbok National Park da ke makwabtaka da ita a Afirka ta Kudu.  Ita da Piet sun sake aure jim kaɗan bayan haka. 

## Manazarta