Tonke Dragt

**Antonia "Tonke" Johanna Dragt** (12 Nuwamba 1930 - 12 Yuli 2024) marubuciya ce kuma mai zanen adabi na yara. CPNB ta zaɓi littafinta *De brief voor de koning* a matsayin littafin matasa mafi kyawu na Dutch a cikin ƙarshen rabin karni na ashirin.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
### Yarinta a Batavia
Antonia Johanna Dragt, wanda aka fi sani da Tonke Dragt, an haife ta a shekara ta 1930 a Batavia a cikin Gabashin Indies na Dutch (yanzu Jakarta a Indonesia) a matsayin babbar 'ya ga wani wakilin inshora na Holland da ke Batavia. An fara kiran Dragt "Tonneke" (Yaren mutanen Holland da ke nufin 'tubby'), sunan da ta bata so "saboda ni doguwa ce kuma sirariya". Ta halarci Makarantar Nassau. Yanayin danginta sun kasance masu fasaha: mahaifinta da ɗaya daga cikin yayarta suma suna sha'awar rubutu kuma dangin Dragt ne suna da nasu 'laburare na gida'. Ana daukan haske daga litattafanta na farko kamar su De brief voor de koning en Geheimen van het Wilde Woud a  bazara na shekara-shekara a Puncak da Situgunung.

A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, an tsare Dragt, da mahaifiyarta da 'yan uwanta mata biyu a sansanin fursunoni na Japan Tjideng. Halin da ake ciki a sansanin ya tsananta, karancin abinci da sauran abubuwan da suka zama ruwan dare. Kasancewa karatu ya shine babban abin sha'awarta, Dragt ta tsinci kanta cikin takura saboda babu litattafai. Don magance wannan matsalar, tana ’yar shekara 13, ita da kawarta Tineke sun yanke shawarar rubuta wani littafi mai suna *De jacht op de touwkleurige* (Farautar masu launin igiya) a ƙarƙashin sunan marubuci Tito Drastra. Dragt kuma ta ba da misalai ga wannan labari. Littafi na biyu, wanda ba a kammala ba, *De Florentijnse ring* zai zama dalili na wani ɓangare na littafinta na farko *De verhalen van de tweelingbroers*. Duka littattafan guda biyu an rubuta su ne a falen takardu da akayi amfani da su da kuma kyallen ban-daki saboda babu littattafan rubutu da suka dace.

Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, Dragt ta sake haduwa da mahaifinta da danginta kuma sun koma Netherlands, inda suka fara zama a Dordrecht a 1949 kuma daga baya suka koma Hague. Dragt ba za ta iya komawa Indonesia ba, da farko saboda rashin kudi, daga baya kuma saboda rashin lafiya ba zai bar ta ba.

### Rayuwa a Netherlands
A cikin Netherlands, ta kammala jarrabawar HBS kuma daga baya ta yi rajista a Cibiyar Nazarin Fasaha a Birnin Hague. Burinta shine ta zama ƙwararriyar marubuciya, amma iyayenta sun shawarci ta yi wani abu wanda zai kawo mata isassun kuɗin shiga don kula da kanta.A sakamakon haka, ta mayar da hankali wajen zama malamar fasaha. 

Dragt daga bisani tana yin rubuce-rubucen ta ne da daddare a yayin da take aiki a matsayin zane a makarantun firamare da rana. Ta samu matsalar kula da ajujuwanta a matsayinta na malama, saboda ajujuwan suna kasancewa a cike da kimanin dalibai arba'in zuwa hamsin saboda yawan yara. Nan da nani ta lura da cewa ta hanyar ba da labarai tana iya kwantar da hankalin ɗalibanta. Wannan ƙwarewar ce ta haifar da kwarin gwiwa ga Frans van der Steg, jaruma a cikin littafinta *De zevensprong*.

A cikin 1956, an karɓi aikinta na farko a cikin mujallu da jaridu da yawa, musamman mujallar Kris Kras. Bayan shekaru biyar, littafinta na farko ya bayyana kuma masu suka sun karbe shi da kyau. Ta sama wa kanta shahara bayan littafinta na biyu a cikin 1962, *De brief voor de koning* (Wasika zuwa ga Sarki), wanda ya lashe kyautar don zama mafi kyawun littafin yara na Dutch na shekara. Ta ci gaba da rubuce-rubuce cikin sauri a cikin shekarun 1960, amma ta rage yawan fitar da sabbin ayyuka a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, kodayake tarin tsoffin gajerun labarai sun cike wannan gibin.

Bayan rubutu da zane da take yiwa littattafanta, Tonke Dragt har wayau tana yin zanuka ga wasu littattafan wanda suka hada da ayyukan  Paul Biegel, E. Nesbit, Rosemary Sutcliff, da kuma littafin nobel *[[Elidor]]* wanda Alan Garner ya rubuta.

A cikin illahirin shekaru goman, an fassara ayyukan Tonke zuwa harsuna da yawa, ciki har da Jamusanci, Afrikaans, Czech, Spanish, Danish da Indonesian. Ya ɗauki har zuwa 2013 kafin a fassara littafinta na farko zuwa Turanci.

## MANAZARTA