Sashin Binciken Yanayi

**Sashen Binciken Yanayi** ( **CRU** ) wani bangare ne na Jami'ar Gabashin Anglia kuma yana daya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyi da ke da hannu a binciken sauyin yanayi na halitta da na bil'adama . 

Tare da ma'aikatan kimanin masana kimiyya da ɗalibai talatin na bincike, CRU ta ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka wasu bayanan da ake amfani da su sosai a binciken yanayi, ciki har da ɗaya daga cikin bayanan zafin duniya da aka yi amfani da su don sa ido kan yanayin tsarin yanayi,   da kuma fakitin software na ƙididdiga da samfuran yanayi . 

## Tarihi
An kafa CRU a shekarar 1972 a matsayin wani ɓangare na Makarantar Kimiyyar Muhalli ta jami'ar. Kafa wannan sashe ya dogara ne da goyon bayan Sir Graham Sutton, tsohon Darakta Janar na Ofishin Yanayi, Lord Solly Zuckerman, mai ba da shawara ga Jami'ar, da Farfesa Keith Clayton da Brian Funnel, Shugabannin Makarantar Kimiyyar Muhalli a 1971 da 1972.   Masu tallafawa na farko sun haɗa da British Petroleum, Nuffield Foundation da Royal Dutch Shell .  Gidauniyar Rockefeller wata mai taimako ce ta farko, kuma Gidauniyar Wolfson ta ba wa Sashen gininsa na yanzu a 1986.  Tun daga rabin na biyu na shekarun 1970, Sashen ya kuma sami kuɗi ta hanyar jerin kwangiloli tare da Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka don tallafawa aikin waɗanda ke da hannu a sake gina yanayi da kuma nazarin tasirin hayakin hayaki mai gurbata muhalli.  Gwamnatin Burtaniya ( Margaret Thatcher ) ta zama babbar mai goyon bayan binciken yanayi a tsakiyar shekarun 1980. 

Daraktan farko na wannan sashe shi ne Farfesa Hubert Lamb, wanda a baya ya jagoranci bincike kan sauyin yanayi a Ofishin Met .  A lokacin an san shi da " *mutumin kankara* " saboda hasashensa na sanyaya duniya da kuma zamanin kankara mai zuwa, amma bayan bazara mai zafi sosai na 1976 a Burtaniya, ya koma ga hasashen ɗumamar yanayi da ke tafe.  Yiwuwar manyan canje-canjen yanayi da ambaliyar ruwa sun jawo hankali ga wannan sashe da kuma tallafin manyan kamfanonin inshora da ke son rage asarar da za su iya yi.  Kafin kafa wannan sashe, an yi imani da cewa yanayin yana da daidaito kuma ba ya canzawa.  Lamb da wasu a cikin al'ummar yanayin sun yi shekaru suna jayayya cewa tsarin yanayi a zahiri yana da bambanci sosai a tsawon shekaru da dama zuwa ƙarnoni da yawa. Kafa CRU ya ba Lamb da abokan aikinsa damar mai da hankali kan wannan batu kuma daga ƙarshe suka yi nasara a muhawarar da ta dace. 

Hubert Lamb ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1978. Magadan sa sune Tom Wigley (1978–1993), Trevor Davies (1993–1998), Jean Palutikof da Phil Jones (tare da 1998–2004), Phil Jones (2004–2016), da Tim Osborn (daga Janairu 2017);   Peter Liss shine darakta mai rikon kwarya a lokacin bincike tsakanin Disamba 2009  da Yuli 2010.  A shekarar 1984, sashin ya koma wani sabon gini mai siffar silinda wanda Rick Mather ya tsara.  A shekarar 2006, an sanya wa wannan ginin suna *Hubert Lamb Building* domin girmama daraktan farko. 

## Rikicin imel na CRU
A watan Nuwamba na 2009, masu satar bayanai sun sami damar shiga sabar da CRU ke amfani da ita kuma suka sace bayanai masu yawa, suna wallafa imel sama da 1,000 a intanet da kuma wasu takardu sama da 2,000.   Wasu masu musanta sauyin yanayi ciki har da masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo sun yi ikirarin cewa wasu daga cikin imel da aka fallasa sun ƙunshi shaidu da ke goyon bayan ka'idar makircin ɗumamar yanayi cewa masana kimiyya sun yi zargin cewa sun yi makirci don karkatar da bayanai    da kuma hana masana kimiyya waɗanda ke da ra'ayoyi daban-daban daga littattafan bita na takwarorinsu.   An yi wa wannan takaddama lakabi da "Climategate".  

Jerin bincike na jama'a masu zaman kansu kan zarge-zargen sun gano babu wata shaida ta zamba ko rashin da'a ta kimiyya.  Rahoton Muir Russell ya wanke masana kimiyya, amma ya gano "wani tsari na rashin nuna cikakken bayani, a ɓangaren masana kimiyyar CRU da kuma a ɓangaren UEA".   Yarjejeniyar kimiyya cewa ɗumamar yanayi na faruwa sakamakon ayyukan ɗan adam bai canza ba. 

A shekarar 2011, wani sabon bincike kan bayanan zafin jiki daga ƙungiyar Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature mai zaman kanta, wadda da yawa daga cikinsu suka bayyana a bainar jama'a cewa suna ganin yana yiwuwa CRU ta yi amfani da bayanai, ya kammala da cewa "an yi waɗannan nazarin a hankali kuma cewa yiwuwar son zuciya da masu shakkar sauyin yanayi suka gano ba ta yi tasiri sosai ga sakamakon bincikensu ba". 

## Manazarta