Molefi Kete Asante

**Molefi Kete Asante** (/ əˈsænteɪ/ ə-SAN-tay; an haife shi Arthur Lee Smith Jr.; Agusta 14, 1942) masanin falsafa Ba'amurke ne wanda ke kan gaba a fagagen karatun Ba-Amurke, karatun Afirka, da karatun sadarwa. A halin yanzu shi farfesa ne a Sashen Nazarin Afirka a Jami'ar Temple, inda ya kafa shirin PhD a cikin Nazarin Ba'amurke. Shi ne shugaban Cibiyar Molefi Kete Asante don Nazarin Afrocentric.

Asante yana ba da shawara ga Afrocentricity. Shi ne marubucin litattafai sama da 66 kuma editan kafa jaridar Journal of Black Studies. Shi ne mahaifin marubuci kuma mai shirya fim M. K. Asante.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Asante Arthur Lee Smith Jr. a Valdosta, Jojiya, na hudu cikin yara goma sha shida. Mahaifinsa, Arthur Lee Smith, ya yi aiki a cikin ɗakin ajiyar gyada sannan kuma a kan hanyar jirgin kasa ta Kudancin Georgia; mahaifiyarsa ta yi aiki a matsayin gida. A lokacin bazara Asante zai koma Jojiya don yin aiki a filayen taba da auduga don samun kuɗin koyarwa don makaranta. Wata inna, Georgia Smith, ta rinjayi shi ya ci gaba da karatunsa; ta ba shi littafinsa na farko, tarin gajerun labarai na Charles Dickens.

Smith ya halarci Cibiyar Kirista ta Nashville, makarantar kwana ta Kirista da ta kafa don ɗaliban Baƙar fata, a Nashville, Tennessee. A nan ya sami takardar shaidar kammala sakandare a shekarar 1960. Duk da yake har yanzu yana makarantar sakandare, ya shiga cikin Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Bil'adama, tare da shiga jerin daliban Jami'ar Fisk a Nashville.

Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya fara shiga Kwalejin Kirista ta Kudu maso Yamma na Terrell, Texas, wata cibiyar baƙar fata ta tarihi tare da tushen Cocin Kristi. A can ya sadu da ɗan Najeriya Essien Essien, wanda halinsa da basirarsa suka ƙarfafa Smith don ƙarin koyo game da Afirka.

Smith ya sami B.A. daga Oklahoma Christian College (a yanzu Oklahoma Christian University) a 1964. Ya yi aikin digiri na biyu, inda ya sami digirinsa na biyu daga Jami'ar Pepperdine a 1965 tare da kasida kan Marshall Keeble, Baƙar fata mai wa'azi a Cocin Kristi. Smith ya sami PhD ɗinsa daga UCLA a cikin 1968 a cikin karatun sadarwa. Ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a UCLA, ya zama darektan cibiyar nazarin Afro-Amurka. Yana da shekaru 30, Jami'ar Buffalo ta nada shi a matsayin cikakken farfesa kuma shugaban Sashen Sadarwa.

A cikin 1976, Asante ya zaɓi ya canza sunan doka saboda ya ɗauki "Arthur Lee Smith" sunan bawa. 

## Sana'a
Wannan sashe na iya buƙatar tsaftacewa don saduwa da ƙa'idodin ingancin Wikipedia. Matsala ta musamman ita ce: batun sautin sauti yana kama da bio ba littafin sani ba. Da fatan za a taimaka inganta wannan sashe idan za ku iya. (Disamba 2024) (Koyi yadda da lokacin cire wannan saƙon)

A Jami'ar a Buffalo, Asante ya haɓaka ra'ayoyin sadarwa na duniya da al'adu; ya rubuta kuma ya buga tare da abokan aiki, Handbook of Intercultural Communication, littafi na farko a cikin filin. An zabi Asante a matsayin shugaban kungiyar Ilimin Al'adu, Koyarwa da Bincike a cikin 1976. Ayyukansa na sadarwa tsakanin al'adu ya sa ya zama babban mai horar da daliban digiri a fannin. Asante ya jagoranci rubuce-rubucen PhD sama da ɗari.

Asante ya wallafa bincikensa na farko na motsin Baƙar fata, Rhetoric of Black Revolution, a cikin 1969. Daga baya, ya rubuta Sadarwar Transracial, don bayyana yadda launin fata ke dagula hulɗar ɗan adam a cikin al'ummar Amurka. Ba da daɗewa ba Asante ya canza mayar da hankalinsa ga al'adun Ba'amurke da Afirka a cikin sadarwa, tare da kula da yanayin salon baka na Afirka-Amurka.

Asante ya rubuta Afrocentricity: Theory of Social Change (1980) don sanar da hutu tare da baya, inda 'yan Afirka-Amurka suka yi imanin cewa sun kasance a gefen Turai kuma ba su da ma'anar tsakiyar tarihi. Ya rubuta game da rikici tsakanin al'adun fararen fata da al'adun Afirka da aka zalunta, da kuma rashin fahimtar nasara a tsakanin 'yan Afirka, jigon da aka samo a cikin babban aikinsa na falsafa, The Afrocentric Idea (1987). Ƙarin ayyuka akan ka'idar Afrocentric sun haɗa da Kemet, Afrocentricity and Knowledge (1990), da An Afrocentric Manifesto (2007).

Mai karatu na Utne ya bayyana Asante a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan masu tunani na 100 a Amurka, yana rubuta, "Asante ƙwararren ƴancin al'adu ne, mai azama, mai kuzari wanda littattafansa da yawa, gami da Afrocentricity da The Afrocentric Idea, ke bayyana babbar hanyar tunani, aiki, da amincewar al'adu ga Baƙin Amurkawa.

A cikin 1986, Asante ya ba da shawarar shirin digiri na farko a cikin karatun Ba-Amurke a Jami'ar Temple. Shirin ya sami amincewa, kuma ƙungiyarsa ta farko ta fara karatunsu a 1988. Sama da masu neman 500 sun nemi izinin shiga shirin digiri. Jami'ar Temple ta fito a matsayin fitaccen jagora a fagen Nazarin Ba'amurke; Shekaru goma kafin a kafa shirin digiri na gaba a Jami'ar Massachusetts Amherst a 1997. Wadanda suka sauke karatu daga shirin Temple sun ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci a duniya, suna rike da mukamai a nahiyoyi da kasashe daban-daban, da kuma yawancin shirye-shiryen Nazarin Amirka na Afirka kai tsaye a manyan jami'o'i.

## Manazarta