Sunderland A.F.C.

Sunderland Association Football Club ta kasance kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke zaune a Sunderland, Tyne da Wear, Ingila . Kungiyar tana fafatawa a Gasar Firimiya, matakin farko na tsarin gasar kwallon kafa ta kasar Ingila.

An kafa shi a shekara ta 1879, kulob din ya lashe lambobin yabo na farko guda shida (1892, 1893, 1895, 1902, 1913, da 1936) a cikin rukunin farko, kuma ya kammala matsayi na biyu sau biyar. Har ila yau, kulob din ya lashe Kofin FA sau biyu (1937 da 1973), kuma ya kasance mai cin gaba sau biyu (1913 da 1992), kuma ya lashe gasar FA Charity Shield a 1936. Sun kuma kasance 'yan wasan karshe na gasar cin Kofin Kwallon Kafa a 1985 da 2014.

An ba shi suna Black Cats, Sunderland tana buga wasannin gida a filin wasa na Light mai daukar mutane kimanin 49,000, bayan ya ƙaura daga Roker Park a shekarar 1997. Kungiyar tana da tsananin kishiya da ke kusa da kungiyar Newcastle United, wanda aka fafata da Tyne-Wear derby tun 1898. Suna wasa a cikin ja da fararen riguna da gajeren baki.

## Tarihi

### Shekaru na farko da "Team of All Talents" (1879-1908)
An kafa kulob din ne a matsayin Sunderland da Malaman Gundumar A.F.C. ta hanyar malamin makaranta James Allan a cikin abin da aka yi imanin cewa Oktoba ne na shekara ta 1879.  Koyaya, shaidu sun nuna cewa ba a halicci kulob din ba har sai shekara guda bayan haka, a ranar 25 ga watan Satumba a shekarar 1880. An sake masa suna Sunderland AFC kuma ya zama a buɗe ga malamai a makaranta a watana Oktoba na shekara ta 1880.

Sunderland ta shiga Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa a kakar 1890-91.  Tom Watson ya zama manajan farko na kungiyar Sunderland *Lokaci* da aka nada shi a shekara ta 1888.  A ƙarshen karni na 19, William McGregor, wanda ya kafa gasar, ya ayyana su a matsayin "Team of All Talents", bayan nasarar 7-2 a kan Aston Villa. Sunderland ta lashe gasar zakarun a kakar 1891-92, kakar wasa daya bayan ta shiga The Football League, kuma wannan wasan kwaikwayon ya jagoranci The Times don bayyana 'yan wasan a matsayin "ƙungiya mai kyau". Sunderland ta samu nasarar kare taken a kakar wasa mai zuwa, tare da taimakon dan wasan tsakiya na Scotland John Campbell, wanda ya karya alamar kwallaye guda 30 a karo na biyu a cikin lokutan da suka biyo baya. A cikin tsari, sun zama tawagar farko da ta zira kwallaye 100 a cikin kakar wasa daya, wani abin da ba a daidaita shi ba har zuwa 1919-20.

Sunderland ya zo kusa da lashe gasar zakarun Turai ta uku a kakar 1893-94, ya kammala na biyu a bayan kungiyar Aston Villa. Koyaya, sun sake samun taken a kakar 1894-95, tare da Campbell ya zama babban mai zira kwallaye a karo na uku. Sunderland sa'an nan kuma ta doke zakarun Scotland Heart of Midlothian a wasan da aka bayyana a matsayin wasan "World Championship". Mai tsaron gidan su Ned Doig ya kafa tarihin duniya na karni na 19 ta hanyar ba da wani burin a cikin 87 daga cikin 290 da ya buga a saman rukuni (30%).  Daga 1886 har zuwa 1898, gidan Sunderland yana cikin Newcastle Road. A shekara ta 1898, kulob din ya koma abin da zai zama gidansu kusan kusan ƙarni guda, Roker Park . Da farko ƙasa tana da damar 30,000.

Bayan ya dauki kulob din Sunderland zuwa gasar zakarun kasar Ingila uku, manajan Watson ya yi murabus a ƙarshen kakar 1895-96, don shiga Liverpool. Robert Campbell ya maye gurbinsa. Campbell bai sami nasarar wasa kamar Watson ba, yayin da Sunderland ya kasa lashe kowane lakabi a cikin shekaru uku da ya yi a kulob din.

Scotsman Alex Mackie ya maye gurbin Campbell a matsayin manajan kakar 1899.  Bayan kammala matsayi na biyu a 1900-01, kulob din ya lashe lambar yabo ta hudu a kakar 1901-02,  kuma ya biyo bayan wannan tare da nasara a Sheriff na London Charity Shield. 
A watan Disamba a shekara ta 1902, Arthur Bridgett ya shiga ƙungiyar Sunderland . Ya ci gaba da zama kyaftin din "Black Cats" na tsawon shekaru goma kuma ya sami kwallo goma sha ɗaya na Ingila, wanda ya sa shi dan wasan na biyu da ya fi buga kwallo a Ingila a bayan Dave Watson . 

### Ƙarin sunayen sarauta na gasar (1908-1945)

A ranar 5 ga watan Disamba na shekarar 1908, kungiyar Sunderland ta samu nasarar da ta samu a gasar, 9-1 a kan abokan hamayyar arewa maso gabashin Newcastle United .  A karkashin kocin Irish Bob Kyle kuma tare da Scottish Charles Thomson a matsayin kyaftin, kulob din ya sake lashe gasar a 1913,  amma ya rasa wasan karshe na FA Cup na farko 1-0 ga Aston Villa. 

Shekaru biyu bayan haka Yaƙin Duniya na farko ya kawo karshen gasar. Bayan sake dawo da gasar, Sunderland ya kusa lashe wani gasar a kakar 1922-23, lokacin da suka kasance masu cin gaba ga Liverpool. Sun kuma zo kusa da kakar wasa mai zuwa, sun kammala na uku. Kungiyar ta tsere wa koma baya daga rukunin farko da maki daya a kakar 1927-28 duk da kwallaye 35 daga Dave Halliday. Halliday ya inganta burinsa zuwa kwallaye 43 a wasanni 42 a kakar wasa mai zuwa,  rikodin Sunderland na kowane lokaci don kwallaye da aka zira a kakar wasa daya. ..

### Kungiyar "Bank of England", matsalolin kudi da kuma gasar cin kofin uku (1945-1995)

Ga Sunderland, shekarun da suka gabata bayan yakin sun kasance da kudade masu yawa; kulob din ya biya £18,000 (£803,000 a yau) ga Ivor Broadis na Carlisle United a watan Janairun a shekarar 1949.[33] Broadis kuma shine kocin Carlisle a lokacin, kuma wannan shine misali na farko na dan wasan da ya sauya kansa zuwa wani kulob. Wannan, tare da kudaden canja wurin rikodin don tabbatar da ayyukan Len Shackleton da Trevor Ford na Welsh, ya haifar da sunan laƙabi na zamani, "Bank of England club". Kungiyar ta kammala ta uku a cikin Sashen Farko a 1950,  mafi girman kammalawa tun daga gasar 1936.

A ƙarshen shekarun 1950s ya ga raguwa mai tsanani a cikin Sunderland, kuma kulob din ya sake shiga cikin babban abin kunya na kudi a shekara ta 1957.  An same su da laifin biyan kuɗi ga 'yan wasan da suka wuce matsakaicin albashi, an ci su tarar £ 5,000 (£ 152,000 a yau), kuma an dakatar da shugaban su da daraktoci uku.[33] A shekara mai zuwa, an sake Sunderland daga mafi girman rukuni a karo na farko a tarihin league na shekaru 68. Rashin Sunderland daga saman jirgin ya dauki shekaru shida. Bayan kira na kusa a kakar da ta gabata, an inganta kulob din zuwa Division One a 1964 bayan ya gama a matsayi na biyu. A ƙarshen shekaru goma, an sake komawa su zuwa Sashe na Biyu bayan sun gama 21st.

## Kididdiga da rikodin

Mai riƙe da rikodin mafi yawan wasanni shine Jimmy Montgomery, bayan ya buga wasanni 527 na farko tsakanin 1961 da 1976. Babban mai zira kwallaye a kulob din shine Charlie Buchan, wanda ya zira kwallayi 209 daga 1911 zuwa 1925;  Bobby Gurney shine mai zira kwallan rikodin a duk wasannin tare da kwallaye 228 tsakanin 1926 da 1939. Dave Halliday yana da rikodin mafi yawan kwallaye da aka zira a kakar wasa daya: 43 a kakar 1928-29 a cikin Sashe na Farko. Ya zuwa watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2014 John O'Shea shine dan wasan da ya fi dacewa da kulob din, inda ya buga wasanni 100 a Jamhuriyar Ireland.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

### Masu zira kwallaye
'Yan wasa goma na Sunderland sun zira kwallaye 100 ko fiye a gasar zakarun Turai. Su ne kamar haka:

Bobby Gurney yana da adadin kwallaye a duk gasa tare da jimlar 228 a wasanni da kofin.

## Manazarta