Amfani da filaye a Oregon

**Amfani da filaye a Oregon** ya shafi sauye-sauyen dokokin da suka shafi mallakar filaye da kuma haninsa a jihar Oregon ta  ƙasar Amurka.

## Tsarin lokaci

* 1822: Taswirar Henry Schenck Tanner na Amurka mai yiwuwa shine farkon wanda ya gano "Oregon Terry." 

* 1878: Timber and Stone Act

* 1903: Southern Pacific Railroad, which acquired the O&C railroad, announces it will no longer sell land, in violation of terms of the land grant
* up to 1905: Abuse of land grant process results in Oregon land fraud scandal
* 1907: Three Arch Rocks first National Wildlife Refuge established west of Mississippi



* 2001: Northwest Coastal Forest Plan established, aimed to balance demands on forests in Tillamook and Clatsop counties. Largely regarded as a failure by 2008.
* 1851: Willamette Stone sited, ya zama tushen layin dukiya a cikin Oregon da Washington.
* 1862: Dokar Gida (har zuwa 1976, da 1986 a Alaska)
* Oktoba 27, 1868: Kwalejin Corvallis (yanzu Jami'ar Jihar Oregon ) an keɓe ta Oregon ta farko kuma Kwalejin Land Grant kawai a ƙarƙashin Dokar Morill Land-Grant Colleges .
* 1869: Oregon da California Railroad (O&C) sun sami tallafin ƙasa daga gwamnatin Amurka tare da wajabcin sayar wa mazauna a $2.50/acre 
* 1878: Dokar katako da dutse

* 1903: Kudancin Pacific Railroad, wanda ya sami hanyar dogo na O&C, ya sanar da cewa ba zai ƙara sayar da ƙasa ba, wanda ya saba wa sharuɗɗan tallafin ƙasa 
* har zuwa 1905: Cin zarafin sakamakon tsarin bayar da ƙasa a cikin abin kunya na ƙasar Oregon 
* 1907: Uku Arch Rocks na farko na Gudun Gudun Namun daji na Ƙasa ya kafa yammacin Mississippi 
* 1907: Walter Lafferty ya fara shari'a a madadin kananan hukumomin 18 na yammacin Oregon da abin kunya na kasa ya shafa.
* 1913: damar jama'a zuwa rairayin bakin teku an tsara su - asali don amfani da su azaman manyan hanyoyi - an daidaita fahimtar jama'a a ƙarƙashin Oswald West 
* 1916: Majalisar dokokin Amurka ta zartar da Dokar Chamberlain-Ferris, wadda ta kafa biyan kuɗi don sayar da katako a kan kadada miliyan 2.4 na filayen O&amp;amp;C, dake cikin gundumomi 18 na Oregon; An gyara ta Dokar Stanfield na 1926  
* 1937: Majalisa ta wuce Oregon da California Railroad da Coos Bay Wagon Road Grant Lands Act na 1937 ( O&amp;amp;C Act ), wanda ya kara gyara sharuddan biyan katako ga gundumomin O&C; An rage biyan kuɗi a 1953. 
* 1933-1951: Wuta ta lalata yawancin abin da ake kira dajin Tillamook a cikin Tillamook Burn
* 1961: Farkon harajin gona
* 1963: Keɓancewar Amfanin Farmaki (EFU).
* 1967: Dokar bakin teku ta Oregon ta kafa ikon mallakar jama'a a bakin Tekun Oregon 
** Kogin Willamette Greenway
* 1969: Majalisar Dattijai Bill 10 yana buƙatar cikakken tsarin amfani da ƙasa don kowane birni da yanki.
** Murna v. Smith , tare da Hukuncin Boldt na Washington, an kafa haƙƙin kamun kifi ga ƴan asalin ƙasar Amirka
* 1970: Auna 11 ya kasa (44%)
* 1971: Hukumar Kare Tekun Oregon  (duba Wilbur Ternyik )
* 1973: Yawancin gandun daji mallakar gundumomi, galibi mallakarsu ne sakamakon ɓarkewar kadarori, waɗanda aka keɓe azaman dajin Jihar Tillamook.
* 1981: Majalisar dattijai ta jefa kuri'a a Majalisar Dattawa Bill 945 
* 1990: An jera mujiya da aka hange a arewa kamar yadda aka yi barazana a matsayin wani ɓangare na Dokar Kare Kare ; An dakatar da yin amfani da filayen tarayya da umarnin kotu
* 1993: Majalisa ta wuce Dokar sulhu ta Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act na 1993 wanda ya maye gurbin biyan kuɗin katako tare da biyan kuɗin "lafiya" zuwa yankunan karkara 72, ciki har da yankunan O & C. Biyan zai kasance har zuwa 2000. 
* 1994: An aiwatar da Tsarin daji na Arewa maso Yamma kuma ya bayyana amfani da filaye akan filayen tarayya a Arewa maso Yamma wanda ke rage yawan girbin katako.
* 2000: Majalisa ta zartar da Amintattun Makarantun Karkara da Dokar Ƙaddamar Kai ta Al'umma ta 2000 (SRSCSDA) (wanda aka fi sani da tsarin biyan kuɗi na gundumomi ), wanda ke ba da izini ga ƙananan hukumomin yamma, ciki har da 18 O&amp;amp;C County tare da 15 ƙarin gundumomin Oregon tare da sauran ƙasashen tarayya, zuwa sami biyan kuɗin tarayya don rama asarar kudaden shiga na katako na shekaru 6 
* 2001: An kafa Tsarin daji na bakin teku na Arewa maso Yamma, da nufin daidaita buƙatun dazuzzuka a yankunan Tillamook da Clatsop. An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin gazawar ta 2008. 
* 2006: SRSCSDA ya ƙare kuma ba a sake izini ba; A matsayin wani ɓangare na wani lissafin, Shirye-shiryen Sojojin Amurka, Kulawar Tsohon Sojoji, Katrina Farfadowa, da Dokar Bayar da Lamuni ta Iraki, 2007, an ƙara biyan kuɗi wata shekara.
* 2007: Babu wani kari ga SRSCSDA da aka wuce kuma biyan kuɗin tarayya zuwa yankunan Oregon na karkara ya ƙare; fara Yuli 1, 2008 Oregon ya yi asarar dala miliyan 238 a cikin biyan kuɗin tarayya 
* 2008: Tsawaita shekaru 4 zuwa SRSCSDA abin mamaki an haɗa shi cikin Dokar Tabbatar da Tattalin Arziƙi na Gaggawa na 2008 . Rep. DeFazio da Sen. Wyden, biyu daga cikin manyan masu goyon bayan tsawaita biyan kudaden zuwa gundumomin Oregon, sun kada kuri'ar kin amincewa da kudirin saboda adawar da suke yi da kudirin ceto baki daya. 
* 2011: Tare da tsawaita wa SRSCSDA zai ƙare nan ba da jimawa ba, tare da goyan bayan Gwamna John Kitzhaber da dukan wakilan majalisar Oregon, Sanata Ron Wyden ya gabatar da doka don tsawaita biyan kuɗi na wasu shekaru biyar.  Wakilan Republican da Democrat na wakilan majalisar Oregon sun ba da shawarar ware wasu filayen tarayya a Oregon a matsayin amintattun jama'a inda za a kebe rabin don girbi don samar da kudaden shiga ga gundumomin, rabin kuma a keɓe su a matsayin yankin kiyayewa.   
* 2012: Tsawaita zuwa SRSCSDA zai ƙare a watan Janairu. Kasafin kudin Tarayyar Amurka na 2013 da Shugaba Obama ya gabatar ya hada da dala miliyan 294 don tsawaita shirin na shekarar kasafin kudi ta 2013 tare da shirin ci gaba da biyan kudi har tsawon shekaru hudu, tare da raguwar kashi 10% a kowace shekara.  Majalisa ba ta ɗauki shawarar shugaban ƙasa ba, amma ta haɗa da tsawaita shekara ɗaya ga SRSCSDA a cikin lissafin sufurin ababen hawa, wanda shugaban ƙasa ya sa hannu.    Ana sa ran wannan zai zama sabuntawa na ƙarshe na shirin. 

### Majalisar Dattijai ta 100

* 1973: Kudi na 100 da 101 na Majalisar Dattijai sun kafa Hukumar Kula da Filayen Oregon, Ma'aikatar Kula da Filaye da Raya ƙasa ta Oregon, da dai sauransu. Ya haifar da amincewa da manufofin tsare-tsare guda 14 a fadin jihar tare da samar da kariya ga filayen noma a fadin jihar.      
* 1976: Auna 10 ya kasa (39%) Auna 12 ya nemi soke SB 100. 60+% ya gaza.
* 1978: Auna 10 da aka nema don soke SB 100. Ya kasa (39% eh)
* 1979: An ƙirƙiri Hukumar Amfani da Ƙasa (LUBA).
* 1982: Auna 6 ya nemi soke SB 100. Ya kasa (45%)
* 1991: PAPA da sake fasalin PR
* 1993: Majalisa ta wuce HB 3661 kuma ta fadada ikon gina gidaje a kan gonaki da gandun daji.
* 1995: 'Yan Republican sun gabatar da kudade da yawa waɗanda ke cire SB 100. 'Yan Democrat sun hana su.
* 1997: 'Yan Republican sun gabatar da kudade da yawa waɗanda suka cire SB 100. 'Yan Democrat sun hana su.
* 1998: Auna 65 (neman sake jujjuya tsarin amfani da ƙasa, kasa)
* 1999: Auna 56 ya wuce 80%
* 2000: Auna 2 (neman sake jujjuya tsarin amfani da ƙasa, ya kasa, 47% eh)
** Auna 7 - gyara ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Oregon wanda daga baya aka ayyana ba bisa ka'ida ba - an zartar. Harshen take mai kawo gardama amma mara gasa (? ) Kotun Koli ta Oregon ta soke. 
* 2004: Auna 37 ya wuce (61%). rigima, harshen take mara gasa (? )
* 2005-2009: Oregon Big Dagar aiki, kwamiti na citized Sb 82 na 2005, an tuhume shi da kawo shawarwari na ƙasa zuwa dokar 2009.
* 2007: Auna 49 sokewa/gyara mafi yawan Ma'auni 37.

## Duba sauran abunuwa

* Iyakar ci gaban birni
* Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka
* Ofishin Kula da Filaye na Amurka
* Sabis na gandun daji na Amurka
* Gifford Pinchot, Theodore Roosevelt
* Hukumar Landan Jihar Oregon
* Jerin matakan zaɓe na Oregon
* Oregonians In Action (wanda Dave Hunnicut ke jagoranta, masu goyon bayan "motsin haƙƙin mallaka" tun daga ƙarshen 90s? )
* Abokan Oregon 1000 (masu adawa da 37, masu goyon bayan 49, masu haɗin gwiwar gonaki)
* Karɓar tsari - ra'ayin cewa tsara amfani da ƙasa ya ƙunshi "ɗaukar" ƙimar kadarorin, don haka yakamata a yi la'akari da aikin fitaccen yanki.
* Filayen Sashen Jihar Oregon (da Asusun Makarantu na gama -gari)

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Bayanin amfani da ƙasa daga littafin Blue Blue na Oregon
* Ma'aikatar Kiyaye da Ci gaban ƙasa na Oregon (SB 100 ta kafa)
* 
* 
* Jerry O'Callaghan, Halin Domain Jama'a a Oregon, digiri na digiri (Jami'ar Stanford), 1951.