open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Cibiyar Angkor don Kula da Biodiversity

**Cibiyar Angkor don Kare Bambancin Halittu** (ACCB) ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta a Cambodia . ACCB "ɗaya ce daga cikin cibiyar farko ta kiyaye yanayi da ceto da kiwo ta namun daji da ke fuskantar barazanar ɓacewa" a ƙasar. Tana aiki don kiyaye namun daji da bambancin halittu a Cambodia. An kafa ta a shekarar 2003 ta ƙungiyoyin Jamus na Allwetterzoo Münster da Ƙungiyar Kula da Namun Dabbobi don Kare Namun Dabbobi da Yawan Jama'a, manufofin ACCB sun haɗa da gyaran namun daji da aka kwace, kiwon wasu nau'ikan halittu da aka zaɓa, ilimin muhalli, shigar al'umma a yankin, bincike, da kuma kiyayewa a wurin.  Dr. Stephan Goetz daga Munich ya ba da babban tallafin kuɗi ta hanyar Stiftung Artenschutz ("Gidauniyar Kula da Namun Dabbobi"), ƙungiyar ƙungiyoyin kula da namun daji da kiyaye yanayi. ACCB aiki ne (Lambar 04010) na Ƙungiyar Kula da Namun Dabbobi ta Duniya.

## Yanayin ƙasa
Yana kan kadada 25 a cikin Filin Shakatawa na Kasa na Phnom Kulen, ACCB tana cikin wani yanki mai nisa, karkara kuma keɓantacce na Lardin Siem Reap kusa da haikalin Angkor Wat .  Yana zaune a gindin dutsen Kbal Spean,  arewacin Siem Reap. Yanayin yana da zafi da danshi. Namun daji daban-daban suna zaune a cikin dajin da ke kusa, ciki har da zomaye na Burmese, porcupines na Malaya, macaques na arewa masu wutsiya na alade, ƙananan mongoose na Indiya da tsuntsaye da yawa.

## Tarihi
Tsakanin 2001 da 2002, Kai-Olaf Krüger, manajan ayyuka, da Isabell Stich, likitan dabbobi, sun isa Cambodia daga Jamus don nemo wurin da za a gina cibiyar. Ma'aikatar Noma, Dazuzzuka da Kamun Kifi ta ba da izinin amfani da wurin a watan Mayu na 2002. Goetz ya ba da babban tallafin kuɗi, wanda ya ba da damar fara ginin a watan Afrilun 2003. An gina cibiyar ilimi a shekarar 2004. An kuma gina wuraren killace dabbobi ga dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye da kunkuru, wurin killacewa, wurin tiyatar dabbobi, gidaje, ofisoshi da wuraren ajiya.

## Dabbobi
Hukumar ACCB ta ceto, ta gyara tare da sakin nau'ikan namun daji da dama masu muhimmanci na Cambodia, ciki har da dabbobi masu shayarwa kamar su civets na Asiya, Bengal slow lorises, Germain's langurs, damisa kuliyoyi, gibbons da kuma sunda pangolins. An ceto nau'ikan tsuntsaye iri-iri, da yawa daga cikinsu tsuntsayen ruwa ne kamar tsuntsayen Asiya masu buɗe ido, tsuntsayen dare masu launin baƙi, tsuntsayen shanu, manyan adjutants, ƙananan addittu, agwagwa masu busa ƙanana da ƙananan egrets, da kuma Brahminy kites, owls masu collared, crested serpen gaggafa, kore peafowl da ja-breasted parakeets. Bugu da ƙari, ACCB tana ɗauke da nau'ikan dabbobi masu rarrafe da yawa, ciki har da na'urorin lura da ruwa na Asiya, python na Burmese, kunkuru mai tsayi, kunkuru masu cin katantanwa na Mekong, python masu reticular, macizai na ruwa na Tonlé Sap da kunkuru masu kai rawaya.

## Ayyuka
Ana gudanar da tarukan al'umma a ƙauyen Kun Riem. Wurin yana gudanar da rangadin yau da kullun don ƙaramin gudummawa.

## Manazarta
Giuseppe Di Giovanni

Giuseppe Di Giovanni, Cavaliere (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Mayu 1968; Palermo, Italiya) Farfesa ne na ilimin lissafi da Neuroscience a Jami'ar Magna Græcia ta Catanzaro, Italiya.

## Rayuwa ta farko
Di Giovanni Giuseppe ya sami digirinsa na PhD a cikin Neuroscience daga Jami'ar Chieti, Italiya kuma ya kasance ɗan aikin postdoctoral a Jami'ar Yale, CT, Amurka.

## Ayyuka
Ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Malami na Ilimin Dan Adam a Kwalejin Medicine da Surgery, Jami'ar Palermo . Daga baya ya zama Farfesa a fannin ilimin lissafi na ɗan adam da Neuroscience a Jami'ar Malta, da kuma Farfesa mai daraja a Sashen Neuroscience na Makarantar Biosciences a Jami'an Cardiff, Burtaniya. Har ila yau, Farfesa ne a Jami'ar Koriya, Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya a Koriya, Seoul . A halin yanzu shi cikakken Farfesa ne na Ilimin jiki mutum a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italiya. Babban sha'awar bincikensa shine a cikin ilimin jijiyoyin jiki na gwaji da ilimin halayyar halittu. Musamman, yana da sha'awar rawar da cannabinoids da serotonin ke takawa, kuma musamman na Masu karɓa 5-HT2C, a cikin cututtukan kwakwalwa, kamar farfajiya, baƙin ciki, magunguna na cin zarafi da Cutar Parkinson. Ya wallafa fiye da Labarai  160 a cikin manyan mujallu na kiwon lafiya ciki har da Nature Medicine da Nature Neuroscience, littattafai 15 da kuma batutuwan mujallu masu yawa na musamman. Shi ne Tsohon Shugaban "Mediterranean Neuroscience Society (MNS) Shugaban Malta Physiological Society da kuma Baitulmalin Malta Neuroscience Network. Shi ne Babban Edita na babbar Jaridar Neuroscience Methods ta Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands kuma Edita na jerin littattafan "The Receptors" ta Springer, Amurka kuma yana aiki a matsayin mataimakin edita na CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics ta Wiley. A ranar 28 ga Mayu 2020 an ba shi lambar yabo ta Cavaliere (Knight) na Order of the Star of Italy daga Shugaban Jamhuriyar Italiya Sergio Mattarella . An lissafa shi a cikin Top 2% Masana kimiyya na Duniya don aikinsa a cikin 2019  da 2020  a fagen Neuroscience. A cikin 2022, an zabe shi memba na Academia Europaea,  saboda nasarorin da ya samu a cikin binciken ilimin lissafi da kimiyyar kwakwalwa da kuma Sakatare Janar na IBRO, Kungiyar Binciken kwakwalwa ta Duniya, don wa'adin Janairu 2023 - Disamba 2025.

## Manazarta
Abokin ciniki Duniya

**ClientEarth** ƙungiya ce ta agaji ta Dokar muhalli,  tare da ofisoshi a Landan, Brussels, Warsaw, Berlin, Beijing, Madrid da Los Angeles.   James Thornton ne ya kafa shi a shekara ta 2008  kuma Shugaba na kungiyar shine Laura Clarke . A matsayin lauyoyi da masana muhalli, suna amfani da doka don riƙe gwamnatoci da sauran kamfanoni don lissafin Canjin yanayi, asarar yanayi, da gurɓataccen yanayi. 

A cikin 2012 BusinessGreen ya ba ClientEarth lambar yabo ta NGO na Shekara. A cikin 2013 ClientEarth an ba shi lambar yabo ta Law Society ta LSA don Kyau a cikin Hakkin Muhalli. 

A cikin 2017, ClientEarth an kira shi mafi inganci ga ƙungiyar muhalli ta shugabannin kore.

## Ayyuka da kamfen

### Samun damar yin adalci
ClientEarth tana ƙoƙari ta sanya shi haƙƙin doka ga 'yan ƙasar Turai da Kungiyoyin da ba na gwamnati ba (NGOs) don kawo shari'o'in muhalli zuwa kotu. A cikin shekara ta 2010, ClientEarth sun yi nasara a kalubalen shari'a don samun kotunan Burtaniya su yarda da Yarjejeniyar Aarhus; wannan yarjejeniyar ta tilasta gwamnatoci su ba da haƙƙoƙi da cire shingen kuɗi ga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da mutane don ɗora ƙalubalen shari'o'in lalacewar muhalli. A cikin 2011, ClientEarth ta ba da sanarwar ƙaddamar da Cibiyar Aarhus ta Turai. Yana ba da 'yan ƙasa da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da ƙwarewar shari'a da ake buƙata don inganta damar samun bayanai da adalci a cikin EU.

### Rashin gurɓata iska
A watan Yulin 2011, ClientEarth ta gabatar da karar ga Babban Kotun Shari'a ta Ingila da Wales, ta kalubalanci Defra kan gazawarta na kare lafiyar 'yan Burtaniya daga mummunar tasirin gurɓataccen iska.

Lauyoyin ClientEarth sun nace cewa ba a yi isasshen ba bayan Burtaniya ta karya iyakokin EU don nitrogen dioxide. A cikin 2015 ClientEarth ya lashe shari'ar. A cikin duka ClientEarth ya lashe hukunce-hukuncen Kotun Koli uku wanda ya umarci gwamnatin Burtaniya da ta samar da tsare-tsare masu karfi don inganta ingancin iska. Hukuncin na uku a kan Sakataren Muhalli da Sakataren Sufuri  ya tilasta sauye-sauye na gaggawa ga manufofin gwamnatin Burtaniya game da ingancin iska.

A cikin 2019, bincike na ClientEarth ya nuna cewa kashi 83% na yankunan Burtaniya sun kasa bin iyakokin doka na EU. ClientEarth ta ci gaba da yin kira ga gwamnatin Burtaniya don yin duk abin da zai yiwu don saduwa da iyakokin shari'ar gurɓata iska da sauri.

ClientEarth kuma yana aiki a kan magance gurɓataccen iska a duk faɗin Turai. ClientEarth sun kawo kusan matakan shari'a 40 a Jamus kan keta dokar gurɓata iska. A cikin 2015 tare da ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa Deutsche Umwelthilfe ClientEarth sun kawo matakin shari'a kan matakan nitrogen dioxide ba bisa ka'ida ba a Munich. Bayan matakin shari'arsu, babbar kotun EU ta ba da tarar Yuro 10,000 ga gwamnatin Bavaria saboda rashin yin aiki a kan hukuncin. A cikin 2019, Kotun Shari'a ta Tarayyar Turai ta yanke hukuncin cewa hukumomin Jamus sun ki bin umarnin kotu karya ka'idojin haƙƙin ɗan adam ne kuma ministocin Jamus na iya fuskantar kurkuku.

## Manazarta
Kyautar Zaɓin Jama'ar Aotearoa

**Kyautar Aotearoa Music People's Choice Award** wata Kyauta ce ta Kiɗa ta Aotearoa wacce ke girmama mawakan kiɗa na New Zealand, kamar yadda kuri'un jama'a suka zaɓa. Kwamitin Kyautar Kiɗa ne ke tantance waɗanda suka yi nasara biyar, bisa ga aikin da suka yi a lokacin cancanta. Ita ce Kyautar Kiɗa ta New Zealand kaɗai da aka zaɓa ta hanyar kuri'un jama'a.

A shekarar 2008, kyautar ta jawo ce-ce-ku-ce, bayan da ƙungiyar mawakan Dunedin pop-rock The DFender ta shiga jerin sunayen 'yan takarar. Ƙungiyar, wadda ba ta da wani abu a jadawalin, ta yi ta jan hankalin magoya bayanta a MySpace kuma ta sami mafi yawan ƙuri'u a zagayen farko na zaɓen. Wannan ya sa aka yi kira ga kamfanin Recorded Music NZ ya zaɓi sunayen, wani sauyi da aka samu daga ƙarshe. 

An fara bayar da kyautar "People's Choice Award" ga Scribe a shekarar 2004. Fat Freddy's Drop ta lashe kyautar sau biyu kuma an sake zabarta sau biyu, yayin da Stan Walker ya lashe kyautar sau biyu, inda Walker ke samun damar shiga kowace shekara daga 2010 zuwa 2015. Lorde da Brooke Fraser kowannensu ya lashe kyautar kuma an sake zabarta sau biyu.

## Masu karɓa

## Manazarta
Koyon Multimodal

**Koyon Multimodal** wani nau'i ne na ilmantarwa mai zurfi wanda ke haɗawa da aiwatar da nau'ikan bayanai da yawa, wanda ake kira Hanyoyi, kamar rubutu, sauti, hotuna, ko bidiyo. Wannan haɗin kai yana ba da damar fahimtar bayanai masu rikitarwa, inganta aikin samfurin a cikin ayyuka kamar amsa tambayoyin gani, dawo da tsari na giciye,  ƙarni na rubutu zuwa hoto,  matsayi mai kyau,  da kuma rubutun hoto. 

Manyan samfuran multimodal, irin su Google Gemini da GPT-4o, sun zama masu shahara tun 2023, suna ba da damar karuwar sassauci da fahimtar abubuwan da suka faru a duniya.

## PDalilin da ya sa aka yi amfani da shi
Bayanai yawanci suna zuwa tare da hanyoyi daban-daban waɗanda ke ɗauke da bayanai daban-daban. Misali, ya zama ruwan dare a sanya rubutun hoto don isar da bayanin da ba a gabatar da shi a cikin hoton kanta ba. Hakazalika, wani lokacin yana da sauƙi don amfani da hoto don bayyana bayanin da bazai bayyane ba daga rubutu. A sakamakon haka, idan kalmomi daban-daban sun bayyana a cikin irin waɗannan hotuna, to waɗannan kalmomi na iya bayyana abu ɗaya. Sabanin haka, idan an yi amfani da kalma don bayyana hotuna masu banbanci, to waɗannan hotuna na iya wakiltar abu ɗaya. Don haka, a lokuta da ke hulɗa da bayanai masu yawa, yana da mahimmanci a yi amfani da samfurin wanda ke iya wakiltar bayanan tare don samfurin zai iya kama bayanan da aka haɗu daga hanyoyi daban-daban.
## Injin Boltzmann mai zurfi mai zurfi
Injin Boltzmann wani nau'in hanyar sadarwa ce ta jijiyoyi ta stochastic da Geoffrey Hinton da Terry Sejnowski suka ƙirƙira a shekarar 1985. Ana iya ganin injunan Boltzmann a matsayin stochastic, generative counterpart na ragar Hopfield . An sanya musu suna ne bayan rarrabawar Boltzmann a cikin makanikan ƙididdiga. An raba raka'o'in da ke cikin injunan Boltzmann zuwa ƙungiyoyi biyu: raka'o'in da ake iya gani da raka'o'in da aka ɓoye. Kowane raka'a kamar jijiyoyi ne mai fitarwa ta binary wanda ke wakiltar ko an kunna shi ko a'a. Injinan Boltzmann na Janar suna ba da damar haɗi tsakanin kowace raka'a. Duk da haka, koyo ba shi da amfani ta amfani da Injinan Boltzmann na gabaɗaya saboda lokacin lissafi yana da ƙima ga girman injin.  . Tsarin gini mafi inganci ana kiransa da na'urar Boltzmann mai iyaka inda ake ba da izinin haɗi tsakanin na'urar ɓoye da na'urar da ake iya gani kawai, wanda aka bayyana a sashe na gaba.

## Manazarta
Gidan shakatawa na Koforidua Jackson

**Koforidua Jackson Park**, wanda ke cikin Koforidua, babban birnin yankin Gabashin Ghana, yana aiki a matsayin cibiyar al'umma da kuma wurin shakatawa na jama'a. Wannan wurin yana ɗaukar nauyin taruka iri-iri, ciki har da jana'iza, bukukuwan aure, ayyukan coci, kade-kade, ayyukan gwamnati, da sauransu.

## Tarihi
A cewar Nana Yaa Daani II, Sarauniyar Sabuwar Juaben, tarihin wurin shakatawar ya samo asali ne tun zamanin mulkin mallaka. Asalin sunan wurin shakatawar an sanya masa suna Oforidua ne bayan wani mutum da ya dasa bishiyoyin neem don inuwa ga 'yan kasuwar Ga da Akyem, waɗanda ke cinikin kifi, gishiri da kuma plantain, daga baya aka san wurin da Jackson Park, wanda aka sanya masa suna bayan wani bature da ke harkar koko . Sha'awar Jackson ga wasanni kamar ƙwallon kwando, ƙwallon ƙafa, da sauran wasanni a wurin shakatawar, ta haifar da sake sanya wa wurin suna.

A ranar 5 ga Yuli, 2021, Majalisar Dokokin Gundumar New Juaben ta Kudu, tare da haɗin gwiwar Ma'aikatar Ƙananan Hukumomi, Rarraba Ƙarƙashin Ƙasa, da Ci Gaban Karkara, sun ƙaddamar da aikin sake gina Koforidua Jackson Park. Wannan shirin ya sami tallafin kuɗi daga Bankin Duniya a ƙarƙashin Shirin Tallafawa Birane na Biyu na Ghana (GSCSP).  

## Abubuwan da suka faru

* A ranar 13 ga Agusta, 2025, an yi wani dare na jana'iza a Koforidua Jackson Park domin girmama Dr Edward Omane Boamah (tsohon ministan tsaro) da wasu mutane bakwai da suka mutu a hatsarin jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu na ranar 6 ga Agusta.  

## Manazarta
Separator (album)

**Separator** shi ne kundi na farko na Scar Tissue, wanda aka saki a ranar 13 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1996, ta hanyar 21st Circuitry .  Ya ƙunshi mafi yawan waƙoƙi da aka rubuta don demo da ƙungiyar ta rubuta kafin shiga lakabin. Tsohon mawaƙin ƙungiyar ya tashi kafin a fara yin rikodin kundin.

## Karɓar baƙi
Aiding & Abetting ya yaba da ƙungiyar don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai tasiri, yana cewa "shekaru bayan gaskiyar, Scar Tissue ya kirkiro cikakkiyar sauti ga *[[Blade Runner|Bladerunner]]*." L Wani mai sukar a Last Sigh Magazine ya ba da kundin mafi yawan bita mai kyau, yana kiransa "duhu, barazana da riguna masu yawa" kuma yana ci gaba da cewa "akwai ɓangarori masu ban tsoro a cikin sakin da ke cikin ɓangaren fasahar lantarki na sauti.  *Sonic Boom* kuma ya nuna nau'in kiɗa guda Tell mai rauni a cikin nau'in su 25 ba.

## Godiya gaisuwa

## Ma'aikata
An daidaita shi daga bayanan Separator . 

**Kayan kwalliya**

* Philip Caldwell - guitar&nbsp;
* Steve Watkins - bass guitar, electronics, percussion, samarwa, injiniya, guitar (14), murya (17) &nbsp;

**Ƙarin masu wasan kwaikwayo**

* Seann Vowell  (Dofino)  - murya (2, 3, 7, 15), tef (16) &nbsp;
* Alex Yang  (a matsayin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na zalunci)  - tef (16) &nbsp;

**Fitarwa da ƙira**

* Nathan Moody - zane-zane, zane&nbsp;

## Tarihin saki

## Manazarta
Alessio Lomuscio

**Alessio Lomuscio** farfesa ne na Safe Artificial Intelligence a Sashen Kwamfuta a Kwalejin Imperial ta London. Binciken nasa yana mai da hankali kan tabbatar da tsarin masu cin gashin kansu, musamman kan samar da tabbacin tsaro na yau da kullun ga Tsarin wakilai da yawa da kuma tsarin da ke ba da damar Injin Koyon.

## Ilimi da aikin ilimi
Alessio Lomuscio ya girma a Milan kuma ya sami Laurea a cikin Injiniyan lantarki daga Jami'ar Polytechnic ta Milan a 1999.  Bayan haka, ya koma Jami'ar Birmingham don Ph.D. a kan "Samun Ilimi tsakanin Wakilan Kyakkyawan" a karkashin kulawar Mark Ryan, wanda ya gabatar a 1999. A lokacin Ph.D., an goyi bayansa ta hanyar tallafin Makarantar Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta ta jami'a. Ya yi aiki a matsayin malami a Kwalejin King's London kuma babban malami a Jami'ar Kwalejin London kafin ya shiga Imperial a shekara ta 2006.

## Bincike
A cikin 2018, an ba Lomuscio lambar yabo ta Royal Academy of Engineering Chair a cikin Fasahar Fasaha don bincike kan dabarun tabbatarwa don tsarin masu cin gashin kansu da Artificial Intelligence. Shi ne shugaban kungiyar Verification of Autonomous Systems (VAS) a Kwalejin Imperial ta London inda yake jagorantar kokarin bincike da ke da niyyar bunkasa hanyoyin tabbatar da amincin Tsarin wakilai da yawa. Ƙarin sha'awar bincike sun haɗa da hanyoyin don binciken aminci na tsarin swarm da kuma masu ba da gudummawa na ilmantarwa da ci gaba da ci gaba na algorithms na tabbatarwa don Cibiyoyin Neural. Kungiyar tana da alaƙa mai ƙarfi da yawa tare da masana'antu da majalisun bincike, musamman shirin tabbatar da ikon cin gashin kansa na Hukumar Bincike ta Tsaro da Cibiyar Horar da Dokta a cikin AI mai aminci da amintacce. Ƙarin ayyukan tare da masana'antu da cibiyoyin bincike a halin yanzu suna binciken algorithms masu aminci don hasashen abubuwan da suka faru da kuma amincin tsarin taimakon mutum na AI.

Ya hada hannu da rubuce-rubuce da yawa na tabbatarwa da kayan aikin Binciken Model, ciki har da:

* MCMAS (Binciken Model na Symbolic don Tsarin Multi-Agent)  
* VENUS (Mixed Integer Linear Programming-aided tabbatar da cibiyoyin sadarwa na jijiyoyi tare da ayyukan kunnawa na ReLU) 
* VeriNet (Symbolic Interval Tabbatar da cibiyoyin sadarwa na jijiyoyi tare da ayyukan kunnawa na ReLU) 

## Kyaututtuka
Alessio Lomuscio memba ne na Ƙungiyar Turai don Ilimin Artificial .  A cikin 2020 an ba shi lambar yabo ta Babban memba na Ƙungiyar Injin Kwamfuta saboda kyawawan gudummawar kimiyya ga Kwamfuta. A shekara ta 2018 an ba shi daya daga cikin goma masu daraja na Royal Academy of Engineering Chairs a cikin Fasaha mai Fasaha 

## Manazarta
Kabari na Armeniya a Hyderabad

Kabarin Armeniya a Hyderabad, wanda aka fi sani da Kabarin Armenian na Uppuguda, kabari ne mai shekaru ɗari uku, na zamanin Qutb Shahi ne. Kabarin Armeniya yana cikin Uppuguda (tsohon Opiguda) wani yanki na Hyderabad, Indiya.

## Kabari
Shafin yana da makabarta da masallacin Armeniya. An binne jimillar Mutanen Armenia 19 a cikin wannan makabartar, ciki har da firistoci biyu: Rev Johannes (1680) da Rev Simon (1724). Wannan ita ce alamar ƙarshe da aka sani game da dangantakar Armeniya da birnin Hyderabad, Indiya.

Akwai babban mazaunin Armeniya a Hyderabad, yayin da al'ummar Armeniya ta Hyderabad ta karɓi Bull na Pontifical daga Etchmiadzin mai tsarki. Mutanen Holland da Ingila da ke zaune a Hyderabad ne suka raba makabarta a wancan lokacin saboda babu wani makabarta na musamman a gare su.[1][2][3]￼

## Karewa
Kabarin Armeniya a Hyderabad, Indiya an kare shi ne ta hanyar Sashen Archaeology a karkashin Dokar Archaeological na Indiya, 1960. Kusan yana gab da gogewa saboda sakaci na mazauna da sashen da ke da alhakin.

## Dubi kuma

* Armeniyawa a Indiya
* Dangantakar Armenia da Indiya

## Manazarta
Kwahu West Municipal District

**Gundumar Kwahu ta Yamma** tana ɗaya daga cikin gundumomi talatin da uku a Yankin Gabas, Ghana.  Da farko, a da, tana cikin **[[Gundumar Kwahu ta kudu|Gundumar Kwahu ta Kudu]]** mafi girma a wancan lokacin a shekarar 1988, wadda aka ƙirƙiro daga tsohuwar Majalisar **[[Kwahu District|Gundumar Kwahu]]**, har sai da aka raba yankin kudu maso yamma na gundumar don ƙirƙirar **Gundumar Kwahu ta Yamma** a watan Agusta na 2004; wanda daga baya aka ɗaga shi zuwa matsayin majalisar gundumomi a ranar 1 ga Yuli na 2007 (wanda ya fara a ranar 29 ga Fabrairu na 2008) don zama **Gundumar Kwahu ta Yamma** . Gundumar tana cikin yammacin Yankin Gabas kuma tana da Nkawkaw a matsayin babban birninta.

## Jerin matsugunan da aka yi

## Majiyoyi

*  
* Districts: Kwahu West Municipal District, Kwahu Kwamang

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Gundumar Karamar Hukumar Kwahu ta Yamma
* Gundumar Kwahu ta Yamma - Hukumar Kididdiga ta Ghana

## Manazarta
Gundumar Kadjebi

**Gundumar Kadjebi** tana ɗaya daga cikin gundumomi tara a Yankin Oti, Ghana. An ƙirƙira ta ne a matsayin majalisar gundumomi ta yau da kullun a ranar 10 ga Maris 1989, wanda aka ƙirƙira daga tsohuwar Majalisar **[[Jasikan District|Gundumar Jasikan]]**, wadda Dokar Dokoki (LI) ta kafa ta a 1465. Majalisar gundumomi tana cikin kudancin Yankin Oti kuma Kadjebi ita ce babban birninta.

## Manazarta
Kabari na Wright-Hunter

Kabarin Wright-Hunter wani wurin binne iyali ne na tarihi wanda ke cikin Beckley a cikin Raleigh County, West Virginia, Amurka.[1]￼

An jera shi a cikin National Register of Historic Places a cikin 2024. 

## Tarihi
An kafa shi a tsakiyar karni na 19, ya ƙunshi kusan kaburbura 37 da aka yi alama, tare da farkon kwanan wata 1851. Kabarin ya haɗa da kaburbura na tsararraki da yawa na iyalan Wright da Hunter, mazauna farko da masu mallakar ƙasa a yankin. Yana da mahimmanci ga alakarsa da ci gaban noma na yankin da kuma adana gado na fitattun iyalai na yankin. Kabarin ya kasance muhimmin wuri na al'adu da tarihi, wanda ke nuna ayyukan binnewa na karni na 19 da farkon karni na 20 a yankunan karkara na kudancin West Virginia . 

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin wuraren tarihi na kasa a cikin Raleigh County, West Virginia

## Manazarta
Kabari na Mount Pisgah

**Kabari na Mount Pisgah** Benevolence wani kabari ne na Afirka da Amurka a Romney, West Virginia, Amurka . Kabarin yana tare da Arewa maso yammacin Turnpike (Hanyar Amurka 50) a ƙasa da Kabarin Indian Mound da ke kallon Sulphur Spring Run .  A tarihi an san shi da **Kabari mai launi na Romney** kuma kwanan nan a matsayin Kabari na Afirka na Romney, an kirkiro makabarta ne ga 'yan Afirka na Afirka a Kudancin Kudancin da ba a ba su izinin binne su a Kabari na Indiya na birnin ba. An yi amfani da makabartar tun farkon karni na 19 kuma tana ci gaba da bauta wa al'ummar Afirka ta Romney.

Kabarin shine wurin hutawa na karshe na Alfred Whiting Sr. Wani alama a kan kabarinsa ya yi ikirarin cewa ya yi aiki a cikin Sojojin Tarayyar Amurka, kodayake shafin yanar gizon Tarihin Hampshire ya lura da mutuwar sa cewa shi ma'aikacin jiki ne, kuma babu wata shaida da ta wanzu don ba da shawarar cewa yana da wani matsayi na al'ada a cikin CSA.[1]￼

The cemetery is currently maintained by the Mount Pisgah United Methodist Church, from which it takes its name.&#x5B;**&#x5D; The town council of Romney has reportedly sought to secure the deed of the cemetery, as of November 2023.

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin wuraren tarihi a cikin Hampshire County, West Virginia
* Kabari na Indiya

## Manazarta
Gidan James W. Hoge

**Gidan James W. Hoge** gida ne mai tarihi wanda ke cikin Winfield, Putnam County, West Virginia . An jera shi a cikin National Register of Historic Places a cikin 2007. 

## Tarihi
Mai shi na farko, James W. Hoge, lauya ne kuma alƙali, wanda ya wakilci Putnam County a Yarjejeniyar Virginia Secession ta 1861, ya jefa kuri'a a kan dokar a watan Afrilu amma ya sanya hannu kan dokar daga baya a watan Yuni.  Ya zauna a cikin gidan daga 1857 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1882. Charles Brown, wanda ke gudanar da jirgin ruwa a fadin Kogin Kanawha ta amfani da aikin bautar ya gina wannan gidan a 1838, kuma dansa Tallyrand ya gaji shi a kusa da 1848 kuma ya hayar shi har sai ya sayar da shi a 1852, ga Kyaftin John Bowyer (1794-1878), tsohon soja na Yaƙin 1812 wanda ya zama Mai Shari'a na Zaman Lafiya na Putnam County a 1848, kuma ya yi aiki a cikin West Virginia House of Delegates.

A shekara ta 2004 an motsa shi zuwa gajeren nesa zuwa wurin da yake yanzu a cikin abin da ya kasance makabartar iyalin Hoge, don ceton shi daga rushewa.

Gidan tubali guda ɗaya, gidan tubali na Tarayya yana da ma'auni 18 feet da 47 feet, kuma yana da siffofi masu tsayi a ƙarshen gable da kuma kayan ado na tubali. Har ila yau, a kan dukiyar akwai Kabari na Hoge, wanda ke dauke da kusan kaburbura 24 na dangin Hoge, da kuma kaburbura marasa alama na bayi.[1] Har ila yau, a cikin makabartar akwai kabarin Philip J. Thurmond (1826-1864), sanannen mai tsaron gida wanda aka kashe yayin wani aiki a Winfield .[2]￼

## Manazarta
Kabari na Bethel Memorial Park

An kafa **Kabari na Bethel Memorial Park** a 1927 kuma ya zama wurin binne iyalan Afirka na Afirka a lokacin zamanin wariyar launin fata a Huntington, West Virginia. Fiye da mutane 800 ne aka binne su a makabartar, kodayake kusan duwatsu 150 ne kawai suka rage a yau saboda dogon lokaci na sakaci da iyakance albarkatun kuɗi. An yi jana'izar karshe da aka rubuta a shekara ta 1974.   

An jera shi a cikin National Register of Historic Places a cikin 2025.￼

## Dubi kuma
Kabari na Ararat

Kabarin Armenia na Ararat Massis, wanda aka fi sani da Kabarin Ararat, wani kabari ne na Armeniya a California" id="mwEA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Fresno, California">Fresno, California, Amurka. An kafa shi a shekara ta 1885, makabartar ita ce wurin binne mutane da yawa na tarihin Armeniya-Amurka, gami da Soghomon Tehlirian, Victor Maghakian, da William Saroyan. Kabarin Massis na Ararat shine kawai kabari na Armeniya da aka gina a waje da Armenia da Gabas ta Tsakiya sama da ƙarni guda.  

## Tarihi

An kafa makabartar ne a shekara ta 1885 a kusurwar kudu maso gabashin Belmont da Hughes avenues, yammacin Fresno a ƙasar da Moses J. Church ya bayar a ranar 2 ga Disamba, 1885. [1][2] Cocin ya ba da gudummawar kadada ashirin ga al'ummar Armeniya, amma shugabannin al'umma sun yi imanin cewa suna buƙatar kadada goma kawai.[3] Daga baya al'umma ta sayi ƙarin ƙasa. An yi imanin cewa Mary Papazian, Armeniya ta biyu da ta mutu a Fresno, ita ce ta farko da aka binne a can.[3]￼

A ranar 9 ga Yuni, 1919, an kafa kungiyar Kabari ta Ararat. Wutar da ta faru a cikin 1930 ta lalata yawancin bayanan Kabari na Ararat. A shekara ta 1956, tare da kokarin kungiyar, makabarta ta fadada ta hanyar samun yanki mai kadada biyu kusa da wanda ke akwai. A shekara ta 1969, an ci gaba da fadada kuma an sake sunan makabartar Ararat Massis Cemetery . 

Kabarin yana da abin tunawa da aka keɓe ga wadanda ke fama da Kisan kare dangi na Armeniya. Abin tunawa ya haɗa da ƙasusuwa daga waɗanda ba a san su ba waɗanda aka kawo daga Der Zor, Siriya. Kabarin kuma yana da abin tunawa ga Musa J. Church, wanda ya ba da kyautar dukiyar.

## Sanannun kaburbura

* Victor Maghakian (1915-1977), mai karɓar Navy Cross a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II 
* Andranik Ozanian (1865-1927), kwamandan soja kuma ɗan siyasa (an sake binne shi a Pere Lachaise, Paris a 1928  kuma a ƙarshe zuwa Yarablur, Armenia a 2000) 
* Alma Rubens (1897-1931), 'yar wasan kwaikwayo 
* Lucy Saroyan (1946-2003), 'yar wasan kwaikwayo 
* William Saroyan (1908-1981), ɗan wasan kwaikwayo kuma marubuci 
* Soghomon Tehlirian (1896-1960), wanda ya tsira daga kisan kiyashi na Armeniya wanda ya kashe tsohon Ministan Cikin Gida na Ottoman Talaat Pasha 

## Manazarta
Jim Gaffigan

**Jim Christopher Gaffigan** (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1966) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Amurka, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, marubuci, kuma furodusa. Abubuwan da yake amfani da su galibi suna magana ne game da uba, ragonci, abinci, addini, da kuma abubuwan lura. An dauke shi a matsayin mai ban dariya "mai tsabta", yana amfani da ƙarancin ƙyama a cikin ayyukansa, kodayake yana amfani da shi daga lokaci zuwa lokaci. Ya *Biyar* da fina-finai masu ban dariya da yawa, ciki har da *Mr. Universe*, Obsessed, Cinco, da Quality Time, dukansu sun sami gabatarwa na Grammy.

Littafin tarihin Gaffigan Dad Is Fat (2013) da littafin Food: A Love Story (2014) dukansu an buga su ne ta hanyar Crown Publishers. Ya kirkiro kuma ya fito a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen TV Land The *Jim Gaffigan Show*, bisa ga rayuwarsa. Ya yi aiki tare da matarsa, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Jeannie Gaffigan, tare da ita yana da 'ya'ya biyar.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Gaffigan a ranar 7 ga Yuli, 1966,  a Elgin, Illinois, ƙarami cikin yara shida da aka haifa ga ma'aikacin agaji da mai tara kuɗi Marcia Miriam (née Mitchell) da kuma banki Michael Ambrose Gaffigan.  Daga zuriyar Irish, sunan mahaifiyarsa shine Gavahan .  Kakan mahaifiyarsa shi ne Mai Shari'a na Kotun Koli ta Iowa Richard F. Mitchell .  Gaffigan ya girma ne a Chesterton a Arewa maso Yammacin Indiana, yankin da ya bayyana ya rinjayi wasan kwaikwayonsa saboda sahihancensa,  kuma sau da yawa yana yin ba'a game da girma a cikin babban iyali. Mahaifiyarsa ta sami ƙwarewa a aikin zane-zane kuma ta sami lambar yabo ta ƙasa don ƙirar asali da sana'a daga American Needlepoint Guild a shekarar 1985. Ta mutu daga ciwon daji a shekarar 1990 tana da shekaru 53.

Mahaifin Gaffigan ya kasance shugaban kasa kuma Shugaba na Bankin Kasuwanci na Indiana na tsawon shekaru 15 har zuwa lokacin da ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1991. Tsohon malamin seminary, ya kuma shiga cikin aikin sadaka na gida. Ya mutu daga Ciwon daji na huhu a shekarar 1999.  Mahaifin Gaffigan shine na farko a cikin iyalinsa da ya halarci kwaleji,  kuma ya ƙarfafa 'ya'yansa su nemi ayyukan da suka yi alkawarin tsaro na aiki.  Koyaya, a kusan shekara biyar, Gaffigan ya sanar da cewa yana so ya zama ɗan wasan kwaikwayo.

## Ayyuka

### Tsaya sama

Gaffigan ya koma New York a cikin 1990 don bin wasan kwaikwayo, wani yunkuri wanda ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar sha'awar ɗan'uwansa Hoosier David Letterman. Ya yi aiki a tallace-tallace da rana  kuma ya ɗauki darussan wasan kwaikwayo da dare. A wannan lokacin, an jefa shi a cikin jerin tallace-tallace na Blockbuster Video na "Entertainment Squad". Ayyukansa sun fara da gaske lokacin da wani aboki daga ajin wasan kwaikwayo ya yi masa ƙarfin hali ya dauki taron karawa juna sani wanda ke buƙatar saiti na rayuwa a ƙarshen. Ya fada cikin soyayya da masu tsayawa, kuma ya fara buga kulob din wasan kwaikwayo kowane dare - bayan daren wasan kwaikwayo na maraice - har zuwa farkon safiya. Sau da yawa ana samun shi yana barci a aikinsa na rana; dole ne shugabansa ya tashe shi don ya kore shi.

## Manazarta
Kungiyar Sierra ta Kanada

**Gidauniyar Sierra Club Canada** (**SCCF**) kungiya ce ta muhalli ta Kanada wacce ta kunshi reshe na kasa da surori biyar a Ontario, Atlantic Canada, Quebec, da Prairies, da kuma reshen matasa na kasa. Manufar kungiyar ita ce 'tabbatar da mutane su zama shugabanni wajen karewa, maidowa da jin daɗin yanayin halittu mai lafiya da aminci.' 

## Tarihi
SCCF tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyi uku tare da sunan 'Sierra Club' wanda, kodayake wasu lokuta suna aiki tare a kan abubuwan muhalli, ƙungiyoyi ne daban-daban. Terry A. Simmons ya kafa kungiyar Sierra Club BC a shekarar 1969, inda ya haɗa kungiyar ta gida da kungiyar Sierra Club ta Amurka. Bayan wannan lokacin wasu surori da yawa sun kafa a sauran Kanada kuma waɗannan daga baya sun zama Gidauniyar Sierra Club Canada, ƙungiyar Sierra Club mai zaman kanta ta Kanada da ke aiki a ƙasa da kuma cikin gida daga Prairies a Yamma zuwa Atlantic Canada a Gabas, tare da ƙungiyar BC ta gida ta kasance ƙungiya daban.

## Tarihi
Ya zuwa 2023, Gidauniyar Sierra Club Canada tana da hannu a cikin manyan kamfen ɗin, alal misali, tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kamfen ɗin duniya game da ayyukan mai na Equinor da aka tsara a bakin teku irin su aikin mai na Bay du Nord a Kanada,  da kuma rawar da ta taka a cikin kamfani game da bututun mai na Line 5. SCCF kuma wani bangare ne na kalubalen kotu game da aikin man fetur na Bay du Nord. A cikin 2022 kungiyar da membobinta sun taimaka wajen lashe haramcin filastik a Kanada don haɗawa da fitar da abubuwa na filastik.

## Ƙungiya
Sierra Club Canada tana karkashin jagorancin Kwamitin Daraktoci, membobin kwamitin ne ke zabar su a Babban Taron Shekara-shekara na SCCF.

SCCF a halin yanzu tana da surori biyar (Atlantic, Ontario, Prairies, da Quebec) da kuma Sierra Youth Coalition . Tana da ofisoshi a Edmonton, Halifax, Montreal, da Toronto.

Bugu da kari, SCCF ya hada da kungiyoyi da yawa na cikin gida da ke aiki galibi a matakin birni.

## Daraktoci

# 1989-2006: Elizabeth Mayu
# 2006-2009: Stephen Hazell
# 2009-2015: John Bennett
# 2016-ya zuwa yanzu: Gretchen Fitzgerald (Darakta na Shirye-shiryen Kasa) 

## Abokan hulɗa da rassa
Ƙungiyar Matasan Sierra ita ce reshen matasa na Sierra Club Canada.

## Ayyuka
Sierra Club Canada ta rinjayi manufofin muhalli da shirye-shiryen majalisa. Jerin abubuwan da suka faru masu zuwa suna ba da wasu daga cikin kamfen ɗin da Sierra Club ta shiga, a cikin hadin gwiwa tare da wasu kuma a matsayin babban mai ba da shawara.

## Manazarta
The Sermon (Jimmy Smith album)

***Huɗuba!*** shi ne kundi na goma sha ɗaya na studio ta jazz organist Jimmy Smith, wanda aka rubuta a ranar 25 ga Agusta, 1957 da 25 ga Fabrairu, 1958 kuma aka saki a kan Blue Note a 1959 - kundi na goma ya biyar na Smith don lakabin.

## Tarihi
*Huɗuba!* shi ne na biyu na kundin biyu da aka rubuta a ranakun biyu a The Manhattan Towers Hotel Ballroom; na farko shi ne kundin da ya gabata na Smith, House Party (1958). Rudy Van Gelder ya yi amfani da dakin rawa a matsayin ɗakin rikodin don yin rikodin a cikin 1957-1958, yayin da yake amfani da Hackensack na iyayensa, gidan gidan wasan New Jersey don yin rikodi ga masu fasaha don Blue Note. Yafi amfani da shi don manyan rukuni na mawaƙa waɗanda ba za su dace da ɗakin iyayensa ba, ko kuma lokacin da New York ta kasance wuri mafi dacewa don yin rikodin masu fasaha da ke ciki.

Hammond organ saiti da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin Huɗuba*Huɗuba ta*

* Top Manual (Lead Lines): 888000000 drawbar saitin, babu percussion, C2 vibrato. Leslie an saita shi zuwa saurin guda ɗaya (babu murya), kuma maɓallin dannawa da overdrive daga amp suna da kyau.
* Bottom Manual (Walking Bass and Comping): 838000000 drawbar saitin.

An yi rikodin zaman *The Sermon* don Blue Note ta Rudy Van Gelder, ta amfani da fasahar 1957 ta yau da kullun: bututun preamps don ɗumi overdrive, da makirufo masu kama da ribbon waɗanda wataƙila an yi amfani da su don amsawarsu mai santsi da ta halitta. Tube overdrive daga preamps da aka yi amfani da su a cikin rikodin *The Sermon* ya ba da gudummawa ga ɗumi mai ƙarfi ga sautin. An san preamps ɗin tube don ƙara harmonic murdiya, wanda zai iya rufe taurin sauti yayin da yake ba shi wadataccen daɗi, ɗan "grit." Lokacin da siginar ta ratsa preamps ɗin bututu, matsi na halitta da murdiya da ke cikin bututu na iya gabatar da sautin harmonic wanda ke ba sautin inganci mai tsauri da rubutu. Wannan "grit" ana iya gani musamman akan bayanan da suka daɗe ko kuma sassan da suka fi ƙarfi, inda bututun suka fara karyewa kuma suka samar da sautin da ya fi ƙarfi da ƙarfi. A yanayin *The Sermon*, wannan grit ya ba da gudummawa ga bugun organ da kasancewarsa, yana ba wa sautin Jimmy Smith gefen sa hannu kuma yana sa ya ji daɗi da kuma danye. Wannan haɗin saitunan da fasahar rikodi ya ba kundin sauti mai wadata, na gargajiya.

## Manazarta
Don Fleming (mai kiɗa)

**Donald Gene Fleming** (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Satumba, 1957) ɗan ƙasar Amirka ne kuma furodusa. Baya ga kasancewa a gaban wasu ƙungiyoyinsa (Velvet Monkeys, B.A.L.L., da Gumball), Fleming ya samar da Sonic Youth, Screaming Trees, Teenage Fanclub da Hole . 

## Ayyuka

### Ƙungiyoyin

#### Ƙungiyar Stroke
Fleming ya fara aikinsa na kiɗa tare da ƙungiyar fasaha / garage / punk The Stroke Band of Adel, Georgia a ƙarshen 1970s. Sun fito da kundi daya, *Green da Yellow,* a 1978 a kan Abacus Records.

#### Dan kasa 23
Bayan The Stroke Band, Don ya koma Norfolk, Va. a cikin 1979 kuma ya kafa ƙungiyar punk / sabon rukuni Citizen 23 tare da Elaine Barnes, Mark Myers, da, Stephen Soles .  Sakamakon da suka samu kawai ya kunshi waƙoƙi uku a kan kundin tarawa, No Room to Dance, a cikin 1980.

#### Dabbobin Velvet
Citizen 23 ya rabu a farkon 1981; duk mambobi sai dai Mark Mayers sun koma Washington, DC jim kadan bayan haka, kuma Fleming ya kafa ƙungiyar psychedelic / post-punk guda uku The Velvet Monkeys a cikin fall of 1981. Layin Velvet Monkeys ya ƙunshi Fleming a kan guitar & vocals, Barnes a kan keyboards da vocals, Stephen Soles a kan bass, da kuma na'urar drum da ake kira Dr. Rhythm da ke ba da bugawa. Velvet Monkeys za su shiga cikin jiki da yawa a cikin shekaru 10 masu zuwa, tare da Fleming abin da ke faruwa a duk sassan. A watan Yulin 1982 ƙungiyar ta fitar da su na farko - Everything is Right - a kan cassette tape. An sake sake sakin wannan kundin a CD a cikin 2011.

Bayan ciniki a cikin na'urar drum ɗin su don mai bugawa mai rai (Jay "The Rummager" Spiegel) a cikin 1981 da kuma sauyawa zuwa sabon mai bugawa (Charles Steck) a farkon 1982, ƙungiyar ta fara haɓaka mabiyan su ta hanyar ƙara yawan wasan kwaikwayo a Washington, DC, yankin da Gabashin Gabashin Gabas. Wannan jerin sun fitar da kundin Future a kan Fountain of Youth Records a shekarar 1983.

A shekara ta 1985, ya kori kowa sai dai Spiegel da kansa, Fleming ya kawo guitarist & keyboardist Malcolm Riviera na DC's Grand Mal. Kungiyar ta fitar da wakar "Spooky" a kan Go Records a cikin bazara na shekara ta 1985. Guitarist Stuart Casson, tsohon dan kungiyar D.C.'s punk group Dove, an kara shi a matsayin memba na huɗu a cikin fall. Wannan jerin sun fitar da guda "Colors (Part I&II) " a kan Bona Fide Records a wannan lokacin rani.

A shekara ta 1986, Casson ya bar ƙungiyar kuma Tom Kane ya shiga matsayin bassist. Kungiyar ta yi rikodin demo tare da Kane amma ba a sake shi ba. Daga nan ne aka maye gurbin Kane da bassist & vocalist Rob Kennedy, tsohon na DC's The Chumps da NYC's The Workdogs. Kungiyar ta yi yawon shakatawa na Amurka na makonni uku tare da Half Japanese a lokacin rani na 1986. Big Big Sun, an saki cassette na rikodin rayuwa na ƙungiyoyi biyu daga wannan yawon shakatawa a kan K Records a cikin fall 1986.

## Manazarta
William Alexander Henry

**William Alexander Henry** (30 ga Disamba, 1816 - 3 ga Mayu, 1888) lauya ne na Kanada, ɗan siyasa, kuma alƙali. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin Ubannin Tarayyar kuma ɗaya daga cikin alƙalai na farko na Kotun Koli ta Kanada.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Henry a ranar 30 ga Disamba, 1816, a Halifax, Nova Scotia ga Robert Nesbit Henry, ɗan kasuwa na Irish da Margaret Forrestall .  Iyalin sun koma Antigonish inda Reverend Thomas Trotter ya koya masa, kuma ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Halifax. Henry ya yi karatun shari'a a ƙarshen shekarun 1830 kuma an shigar da shi cikin kotun Nova Scotia a cikin 1840. 

A shekara ta 1841, Henry ya auri Sophia Caroline McDonald wadda ta haifi ɗa ɗaya kafin ta mutu a shekara ta 1845. A shekara ta 1850, Henry ya auri Christianna McDonald kuma tare suka haifi 'ya'ya 7.  'Ya'yansa maza biyu su ne William Alexander Henry Jr., lauya mai nasara a Halifax da Hugh McDonald Henry.  Dattijon WA Henry ya yi aiki a matsayin ministan majalisar ministoci a Nova Scotia a gwamnatocin da 'yan Liberal da Conservative suka jagoranta.

## Rayuwar siyasa
A cikin 1840, an zabi Henry a Majalisar Dattijai ta Nova Scotia don zama wakilin Antigonish . 

A shekara ta 1864, an nada shi babban lauya.

Henry ya kasance mai imani mai karfi da fa'idodin da za a iya samu daga Ƙungiya Burtaniya ta Amurka kamar cinikayya ta kyauta da kuma gina Intercontinental Railway. Henry ya kasance wakili a duk tarurruka uku na Tarayyar, kuma bayan amincewar kungiyar a cikin bazara na 1866, ya yi tafiya zuwa taron London a matsayin wani ɓangare na tawagar da aka ba da umarni don tsara dokar. Wakilan Nova Scotia sun kada kuri'a don karɓar ƙudurin Quebec a cikin Dokar Burtaniya ta Arewa, 1867 amma Henry ya ki amincewa da iyakance yawan kujerun Majalisar Dattijai. Ya kuma goyi bayan kokarin da ba a yi nasara ba don samun kasancewar makarantun Roman Katolika daban-daban a cikin Dokar. Ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan lauyoyi wadanda suka taimaka wajen tsara harshe. Koyaya, al'ada ce da ba a tabbatar da ita ba cewa ya tsara Dokar BNA. 

## Kotun Koli
Kodayake an hana shi zama alƙali a Nova Scotia, Henry na ɗaya daga cikin na farko da aka nada a sabuwar Kotun Koli ta Kanada a 1875.

A lokacin da yake Kotun Koli, Henry ya rubuta yanke shawara na 'yan tsiraru don sake fasalin mulkin kariya na Crown, yana ƙoƙari ya ɗora gwamnatin tarayya da alhakin ayyukan farar hula da mutanen da suka sami asarar suka kawo.  Masanin tarihi Ian Bushnell ya bayyana Henry a matsayin memba mafi rikitarwa na Kotun Koli a farkon shekarunta, an kalli shi a matsayin "sabon" adalci "a hanyar da ba ta da iko".

Henry ya mutu a Ottawa, Ontario a ranar 3 ga Mayu, 1888.

## Manazarta
Sabon Kabari na Armeniya na Julfa

## Abubuwan da suka shafi kasa da kasa

* William Bell (1591-1624) - Birtaniya factor na East India Company a Isfahan . 
* Johann Rudolf Stadler (1605-1637) - mai sa'a na Switzerland na Shah Safi wanda ya kashe wani mutumin da ya shiga gidansa. Ya zaɓi a kashe shi maimakon juyowa zuwa addinin Islama kuma ya mutu a matsayin shahadar Kirista.
* Alexander na Rhodes (1591-1660) - Mishan na Jesuit na Faransa wanda ke da tasiri mai dorewa ga Kristanci a Vietnam
* Francis Vernon (1637-1677) - matafiyi na Ingila
* Tadeusz Mironowicz (ya mutu a shekara ta 1686) - wakilin Sarkin Poland a kotun Safavid na Farisa
* Mambobin Iyalin De l'Estoile
* Jacques Rousseau (1770-1838) - Mai yin agogo da kuma diflomasiyya na Geneva
* Isidore Borowsky (1770-1838) - janar a Qajar Iran na asalin Poland.
* Xavier Hommaire de Hell (1812-1848) - masanin ilimin ƙasa na Faransa, injiniya kuma matafiyi
* Edward Henry Philip Glover (1843-1898) - an haife shi a Lymington, Hampshire, Ingila - Ya kafa Ofishin Telegraph a Isfahan
* Ernst Hoeltzer (1835-1911) - injiniyan Jamus kuma mai daukar hoto
* Hovhannes Abkarian (یحیی تارساز/Հովհան мөхит Աբքարյան)  (fa)  (1875-1931) - mawaƙi
* Dokta Leslie Griffiths (1899-1942) - Mishan na Australiya na Church Mission Society wanda aka kashe a Lorestan tare da ɗansa mai shekaru 10 Ian da mataimakin wakilin Burtaniya a Isfahan, Robert Christopher Skipworth Harris (1907-1942) suna neman ragowar jirgin saman soja da ya fadi na Sojojin Allied a cikin duwatsun Lorestan . 
* Ernst Jakob Christoffel (de) (1876-1955) - fasto na Bishara na Jamus wanda ya  (daga)  Ofishin Jakadancin Makafi na Kirista kuma ya gina gidaje ga yara makafi, marayu, nakasassu, da kurame a Turkiyya (Sivas da Malatia) da Iran (Tabriz da New Julfa). 
* Mateos Karakhanian (Մա Кропոս Կարախանյան)  (fa)  (1860-1947) - mai daukar hoto
* Yesayi Shahijanian  (fa)  (1939-1987) - mai zane
* Hrand Ghoukasian  (fa)  (1927-1996) - likita kuma mai fassara
* Yervand Nahapetian  (fa)  (1916-2006) - mai zane
* Levon Minassian (1920-2012) - masanin kimiyya
* Zaven Ghoukasian (1950-2015) - darektan fim kuma mai sukar

## Sashe na Poland

A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu (1942-1945), daruruwan marayu na Poland sun wuce ta Isfahan daga Tarayyar Soviet a kan hanyar zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na Tekun Farisa don tashi zuwa Afirka ko New Zealand. Wasu daga cikinsu sun zauna a Isfahan daga farkon har zuwa karshen yakin, wasu sun zauna a can ba da daɗewa ba.

Kabarin mutanen Poland, wadanda ba su yi nasara ba wajen dawowa gida, suna kan wani sashi daban a kan iyakar gabashin makabartar, a babban titin da ke raba makabartar kuma an kewaye shi da bango mai laushi. A kan iyakarta ta dama, akwai layuka biyu na kaburbura. Sashe ya haɗa da kaburbura 18 (1 soja da fararen hula 17) gaba ɗaya. Babban bangare na makircin Poland shine babban abin tunawa na dutse tare da Piast Eagle, wanda aka zana a ciki. An yi wa gaggafa kambi kuma tana da hoton Uwar Tsarata ta Czestochowa a kirjinta. Tana kusa da kabarin Tadeusz Mironowicz . [1]￼

## Dubi kuma

* Sabon Julfa
* Armeniyawa na Iran
* Kabari na Armeniya a Tsohon Julfa

## Tushen

*  

## Manazarta
Jerin ayyukan diflomasiyya na Myanmar

Wannan jerin ayyukan diflomasiyya ne na Myanmar. Myanmar (wanda aka fi sani da Burma) yana da ɗan gajeren diflomasiyya a duniya, yana nuna shekarun da suka gabata na warewa kansa.

Gwamnatin hadin kan kasa tana da ofisoshin wakilai a kasashe da yawa, a kan ofisoshin jakadancin da ke tallafawa ko jure wa Majalisar Gudanar da Jiha.

## Ayyukan diflomasiyya

## Gidan wasan kwaikwayo

Fayil:สถานทูตพม่า_ถนนสาทร_Burmese_Embassy,_Bangkok,_Sathon_Rd.jpg|Embassy in Bangkok
Fayil:Myanmar_Embassy_in_Belgrade_2024.jpg|Embassy in Belgrade
Fayil:Botschaft_Myanmar_Berlin_Thielallee_19.jpg|Embassy in Berlin
Fayil:Embassy_of_Myanmar_in_Canberra.jpg|Embassy in Canberra
Fayil:Embassy_of_Myanmar_in_London_1.jpg|Embassy in London
Fayil:B_Nikitskaya_41,43_dusk_May_2009_02.JPG|Embassy in Moscow
Fayil:Consulate-General_of_the_Republic_of_the_Union_of_Myanmar,_Nanning_(20180715).jpg|Consulate-General in Nanning
Fayil:Le_Parthénon,_60_rue_de_Courcelles,_Paris_8e_2.jpg|Embassy in Paris
Fayil:ミャンマー大使館正門.jpg|Embassy in Tokyo
Fayil:Embassy_of_Myanmar_-_Washington,_D.C.jpg|Embassy in Washington, D.C.


## Dubi kuma

* Dangantakar kasashen waje ta Myanmar
* Jerin ayyukan diflomasiyya a Myanmar
* Manufofin biza na Myanmar

## Bayani

## Manazarta
Kabari na Armeniya na Moscow

Kabarin Armeniya na Moscow (Armenian) wani kabari ne na tarihi na Armeniya a Moscow, Rasha Yana cikin gundumar Krasnaya Presnya (Красная Пресня), ba da nisa da Kabari na Vagankovo. An kafa makabartar ne a cikin 1804 ta hanyar shirin Minas Lazarev, shugaban al'ummar Armeniya ta Moscow, wanda kuma ya fara gina cocin Armeniya na Surb Harutyun (1808-1815). Gidan ajiyar iyalin Lazarev yana ƙarƙashin cocin. Kabari da cocin suna ƙarƙashin kariya ta gwamnati. Daga cikin abubuwan tunawa da aka kare a jihar akwai obelisk a kan kabarin A.A. Loris-Melikov (1844), kabarin Ananov [bayani da ake buƙata] (wanda aka gina ta hanyar ka'idodin Armeniya na zamani) [ ƙarin bayani da ake buƙatu], Khaskar a kan kabaren D.S. Melik-Beglyarov (1913), da kuma kabarin zamani na Nikolai Tarasov wanda Nikolai Andreev ya ƙera. Kabarin Armeniya kuma wuri ne na hutawa ga ragowar mutanen da ba su da zuriyar Armeniya.    

## Kabari  a makabartar  Armeniya na Moscow

* Sergey Aslamazian (1897-1978), mai kunnawa, mawaƙi
* Hamo Beknazarian (1891-1965), darektan fim
* Mikhail Chailakhyan (1901-1991), masanin ilimin shuke-shuke
* Zara Dolukhanova (1918-2007), mawaƙan opera
* Alexey Dushkin (1904-1977), masanin gine-gine
* Ivan Lazarev (1820-1879), janar janar
* Pavel Lisitsian (1911-2004), mawaƙin opera
* Koryun Nahapetyan (1926-1999), mai zane-zane kuma mai fafutukar jama'a
* Stepanos Nazarian (1812-1879), mai bugawa, masanin tarihin adabi da kuma masanin gabas
* Kerope Patkanov (1833-1889), masanin Gabas, mai bincike, farfesa
* Tigran Petrosian (1929-1984), Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya daga 1963 zuwa 1969
* Andrei Platonov (1899-1951), marubucin Rasha
* Leonid Ramzin (1887-1948), injiniyan zafi na Rasha
* Nadezhda Rumyantseva (1930-2008), 'yar wasan kwaikwayo da fim
* Marietta Shaginyan (1888-1982), marubuciyar Rasha
* Smbat Shahaziz (1840-1908), mawaki na Armeniya, malami, marubuci
* Mikael Tariverdiev (1931-1996), mawaƙi
* Boris Tchaikovsky (1925-1996), mawaƙi

## Littattafai

* (a cikin Rasha) Abubuwan tunawa da gine-gine na Moscow. Yankin tsohuwar Moscow (arewa maso yamma da arewacin yankin). M. , "Fasahar XXI da aka yi", 2004,  , s. 71

## Haɗin waje
Al Forat

**Al Forat Network** ( Arabic   ) wata hanyar sadarwa ce ta talabijin ta tauraron dan adam a Iraki. Ammar al-Hakim ne ke mallakar wannan hanyar sadarwa ta harshen Larabci, wani malamin Shi'a kuma ɗan siyasa na Iraki. Al-Forat yana da ma'aikata 300, tare da ofisoshi a gundumar Karrada a Baghdad.

## Manazarta
Kabari na Armeniya na Limassol

Kabarin Armeniya na Limassol yana kan yammacin Hanyar Limassol-Platres, a cikin yankin gudanarwa na Kato Polemidhia. Gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Cyprus ta ba da ƙasar ga al'ummar Armeniya-Cypriot a 1946, amma ba ta fara aiki ba har zuwa Yuli 1960, saboda Dokar da ta bayyana cewa makabarta suna buƙatar samun bango da ke raba su daga yankin da ke kewaye da su. An gina wannan bango ne ta hanyar gudummawar magajin garin Limassol na lokacin, Costas Partasides, wanda ya kasance memba na AKEL. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, an binne matattu Armenian-Cypriots daga Limassol da farko a Nicosia ko Larnaca.

A ranar 16 ga Yulin 1961, Magajin garin Partasides ya ba da maɓallin zinariya na makabartar ga Mihran Bastadjian, Shugaban Kwamitin Ikilisiyar Armeniya na Limassol. 

Kimanin jana'iza 210 sun faru a wannan makabartar, wanda ya rufe kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na jimlar yankinta (4,844 m2, ko 3 donums 2 evleks da 1,740 sq. ft). A shekara ta 2003, saboda fadada hanyar Limassol-Platres, an tura kaburbura 17 zuwa yamma. Kabarin shine farkon wurin shakatawa na kogin Garyllis, wanda aka kammala a 2015 kuma ya ƙare a tsohuwar tashar jiragen ruwa.￼

A tsakiyar makabartar, akwai maɓuɓɓugar dutse mai launin ruwan kasa, wanda aka rufe da dutse mai laushi, wanda Sarkis da Takouhi Grabedian suka ba da izini a 2002 don tunawa da Garabed Garabedian (Aghparig), wanda ya mutu a shekara ta 2001. A samansa yana da rubutun dutse mai zuwa a Armenian:A cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ajiyar ajiya 2001 (A cikin ƙwaƙwalwa na Garabed Garabedian Aghparig 2001) A shekara ta 2006, an gina mafaka a saman maɓuɓɓugar.

## Dubi kuma

* Armenian Prelature na Cyprus
* Cocin Sourp Kevork, Limassol
* Armeniyawa a Cyprus
* Makarantar Armeniya ta Limassol

## Manazarta