Albert Adu Boahen

**Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen** (24 ga Mayu 1932 - 24 ga Mayu 2006) malami ne, ɗan tarihi, kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Ghana. Ya kasance malami a Jami'ar Ghana daga 1959 zuwa 1990, daga 1971 zuwa gaba a matsayin farfesa. A matsayinsa na dan siyasa, ya kasance dan takara a zaben shugaban kasar Ghana a shekarar 1992, mai wakiltar babbar jam'iyyar adawa ta New Patriotic Party.

## Aiki

### Ilimi
An haifi Boahen a Oseim ga iyayen Presbyterian, kuma yana da tushen kakanninsa a Juaben a yankin Ashanti. Ya halarci makarantun addini tsakanin 1938 zuwa 1947. Sannan ya yi shekaru uku a makarantar Mfantsipim kafin ya shiga karatun tarihi a Kwalejin Jami'ar Gold Coast da ke Legon. Ya sauke karatu a shekarar 1956. A 1959 ya sami digiri na uku na Ph.D. a cikin tarihin Afirka daga Makarantar Gabas da Nazarin Afirka a London, a matsayin ɗan Ghana na farko.

Ya yi aiki a Jami'ar ƙasar Ghana a 1959, kuma Farfesa ne daga 1971 zuwa ritaya a 1990. Ya shugabanci Sashen Tarihi a can daga 1967 zuwa 1975, a matsayin dan Afrika na farko da ya taɓa yin haka, kuma ya kasance shugaban jami’a daga 1973 zuwa 1975. Ya kuma yi aiki a hukumar editocin *The Journal of African History* da aka buga ta Jami’ar Cambridge University Press, kuma malami ne mai ziyara a irin wadannan cibiyoyi kamar Jami'ar Kasa ta Ostiraliya a 1969, Jami'ar Columbia a 1970 da Jami'ar Jihar New York a 1990 da 1991. Tsakanin 1993 zuwa 1999, ya kuma yi aiki a cikin kwamitin UNESCO wanda ya buga littafin *General History of Africa.*

### Siyasa
Aikin ilimi na Boahen ya ketare cikin siyasa. A cikin watan Fabrairun 1988 ya gabatar da jawabai kan tarihin Ghana a bainar jama'a daga 1972 zuwa 1987. Saboda haka ne ake masa rade-radin karya abin da ake kira "al'adun shiru" wanda ke nuna gwamnatin Shugaba Jerry Rawlings, wanda ya ci gaba da yin hidima tun 1981. An buga laccocin, waɗanda aka fara gudanar da su a zauren Majalisar Burtaniya a Accra, a cikin 1998 a matsayin *The Ghana Sphinx: The Contemporary History of Ghana 1972–1987*.

A cikin shekarar 1990 ya kafa ƙungiyar Movement for Freedom and Justice, kuma ya zama shugabanta na farko. An dage haramcin da aka sanya wa jam’iyyun siyasa a Ghana a shekarar 1992. A zaben shugaban kasa na 1992 da ya biyo baya, Boahen ya zama dan takarar New Patriotic Party (NPP), inda Roland Issifu Alhassan ya zama mataimakinsa a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa. Boahen ya yi rashin nasara a hannun Jerry Rawlings, amma ya sami kashi 30.4% na kuri'un. Saboda rashin gamsuwa da zargin tafka magudi a wancan zaben, Boahen ya kauracewa zaben ‘yan majalisa na 1992. A zaben shugaban kasa na 1996, John Kufuor ya tsaya a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar NPP kuma ya fi Boahen kyau, inda ya samu kashi 39.6% na kuri'un. A cikin 1998, Boahen yayi ƙoƙari ya dawo a matsayin sabon ɗan takarar shugaban kasa na New Patriotic Party, amma an zaɓi Kufour maimakon. Daga karshe, Kufour ya lashe zaben shugaban kasa na 2000 kuma ya zama shugaban kasa.

Boahen yayi magana akan tarihin Marxist a farkon aikinsa. A siyasance, ya bayyana kansa a matsayin "mai sassaucin ra'ayi, mai imani da 'yancin kai, jin dadin jama'a, da kuma kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da tattalin arzikin kasuwa".

## Gado da mutuwa
Boahen ya kasance memba na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Ghana, kuma a cikin 2003 an buga Festschrift mai suna *Ghana in Africa and the World*, wanda Toyin Falola ya gyara. UNESCO ta ba shi lambar yabo ta Azurfa ta Avicenna.

Boahen ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Mayu 2006, yana da shekaru 74 da haihuwa. Ya bar matarsa ​​Mary Adu Boahen da ‘ya’yansa biyar. Jerry Rawlings na daga cikin makokin da suka kai wa iyalansa ziyara. An karrama shi da jana'izar jana'izar, kuma a watan Yunin 2006 an ba shi lambar yabo ta Order of the Star of Ghana. John Kufour ya kaddamar da ranar karramawa ta kasa a ranar 30 ga watan Yuni, kuma an baiwa wasu da dama lambar yabo. Tushensa za a iya samo shi daga Osiem, wani ƙauye a yankin Gabashin Ghana inda aka ba shi ginin majalisar yankin. Shugaban kasar Nana Addo Akufo-Addo ya nada dansa Charles Adu Boahen mataimakin ministan kudi a Ghana a shekarar 2017.

## Bangaren littafi mai tsarki

* *Britain, the Sahara and the Western Sudan 1788-1861.* London/Oxford, 1964 (dissertation).
* *Topics in West African History.* Harlow/London, 1966.
* *Ghana: Evolution and Change in the 19th and 20th Centuries.* London, 1975.
* *The Revolutionary Years: West Africa Since 1800*. Accra/London, 1975.
* "Politics in Ghana, 1800–1874", in, J. F. Ade Ajayi and Michael Crowder *History of West Africa.* London, 1977 (3rd edition), Vol. 2, pp. 167–260.
* *African Perspectives on Colonialism.* Baltimore, 1987.
* *The Ghanaian Sphinx: Reflections on the Contemporary History of Ghana, 1972–1987*.  Accra, 1989.
* *Mfantsipim and the making of Ghana: A Centenary History, 1876–1976.*  Accra, 1996.
* *Yaa Asantewaa and the Asante – British War of 1900–1.* Accra, 2003.
* *Africa in the Twentieth Century: The Adu Boahen Reader.* Trenton, NJ, 2005.
* With J. B. Webster and H. O. Idowu: *The Revolutionary Years: West Africa since 1800*. London, 1980.

## Manazarta