Ella Flagg Young

**Ella Flagg Young** (Janairu 15, 1845 - Oktoba 26, 1918) malamar Amurka ce wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago . Ita ce shugabar mace ta farko a wani babban tsarin makarantun birnin Amurka. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugabar mace ta farko ta Ƙungiyar Ilimi ta Ƙasa .

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Ella Flagg a ranar 15 ga Janairu, 1845, a Buffalo, New York  ga Theodore da Jane (Reed) Flagg. &#x5B; ** &#x5D; Iyayenta 'yan asalin Amurka ne, kuma 'yan asalin Scotland ne.  Flagg ita ce ƙarama a cikin 'ya'ya uku. 

Ba ta halarci makaranta ba sai da ta kai shekara goma, amma a lokacin, ta riga ta koya wa kanta yadda ake karatu da rubutu. [1] Bayan watanni kalilan ta daina karatu saboda ba ta fuskantar ƙalubale a fannin ilimi da kuma rashin goyon bayan iyayenta. Tana da shekaru 15, ta yi jarrabawar takardar shedar zama malamar makaranta kuma ta ci nasara amma an gaya mata cewa ta yi ƙanƙanta da za ta zama malamar makaranta. Mahaifiyarta ta gaya mata cewa ba za ta taɓa yin karatu a matsayin malamar makaranta ba, amma ta dage ta yanke shawarar kafa nata aikin don gwada ƙwarewarta a cikin aji. [ ana buƙatar ambato ] Ta yanke shawarar cewa ajin ya dace da ita.

Ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1862 daga Makarantar Al'ada ta Chicago .  Daga baya ta yi karatu na ɗan lokaci a Jami'ar Chicago a ƙarƙashin John Dewey a shekarar 1895, kuma ta sami digirin digirgir a shekarar 1900.  An buga rubutun digirinta a ƙarƙashin taken *Warewa a Makarantar* . 

## Sana'a
Aikin Young a matsayin malamar makaranta ya fara ne a shekarar 1862.  Young ta sadaukar da rayuwarta ga aikinta na koyarwa, wanda ya ɗauki shekaru 53 (1862–1915). Ta zama farfesa a fannin ilimi a Jami'ar Chicago a shekarar 1899, tana riƙe da wannan matsayi har zuwa 1905.  Ta zama shugabar Makarantar Al'ada ta Chicago a shekarar 1905; kuma ta kasance mai kula da makarantun Chicago daga 1909 har zuwa lokacin da ta yi murabus a 1915. Ta yi aiki a Hukumar Ilimi ta Jihar Illinois daga 1888 zuwa 1913. 

A shekarar 1910, membobin Ƙungiyar Ilimi ta Ƙasa suka zaɓe ta mace ta farko da ta zama shugabar ƙungiyar.  Zaɓenta ya zo ne da goyon bayan Margaret Haley, shugabar Ƙungiyar Malamai ta Chicago . 

Young ya kasance fitaccen mutum a cikin ƙungiyar ci gaba .  Young ya yi fice sosai a cikin ƙungiyar mata ta zaɓe .

Young ya yi tasiri sosai a tunanin John Dewey lokacin da ya rubuta littafin *The School and Society* . 

Young ta kasance editan wallafe-wallafen ilimi na wata-wata sau biyu.  Ta kuma buga littattafai biyu ga Jami'ar Chicago a shekarar 1902 a matsayin wani ɓangare na wani jerin littattafai wanda ya haɗa da digirinta na 1900.  A shekarar 1903, ita da John Dewey, tare da ƙungiyar wasu masana ( James Rowland Angell, George Herbert Mead, EW Moore, da James Hayden Tufts ) sun buga jerin littattafai a cikin *Decennial Publications* na jami'ar. Wannan jerin ya sa William James ya bayyana cewa akwai "makarantar tunani" ta Chicago. Young shi kaɗai ne daga cikinsu da ya rubuta kai tsaye game da ilimi a cikin wannan jerin. Jerin littattafan zai taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka motsi na dimokuradiyya da aiki a cikin ilimin Amurka. 

### Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago

## Manazarta