Ruwa na Crystal Springs

Crystal Springs Reservoir, wani tafkuna ne na wucin gadi da ke arewacin tsaunukan Santa Cruz na San Mateo County, California">San Mateo County, California, wanda ke cikin kwarin rift wanda San Andreas Fault ya kirkira a yammacin biranen San Mateo da Hillsborough, da I-280. Tafkunan suna daga cikin ruwan San Mateo Creek. Hanyar Yankin Crystal Springs tana gudana tare da tafkin.

## Tarihi
Sunan asali na kudanci ko Upper Crystal Springs Reservoir shine **Laguna Grande**, tafkin halitta wanda ya ɓace tare da kirkirar tafkin, wanda ke da Alamar Tarihin California ("NO. 94 Ohlone-Portolá Heritage Trail, Laguna Grande). The Portolà Expedition of 1769 ya kafa sansani a nan a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba. Daga mujallar Fray Juan Crespí, "Mun tsaya kusa da tafkin inda akwai ducks da yawa, geese, da sauransu, a cikin wannan rami a cikin rabin sa'o'i da suka gabata da rabi daya da sa'o-sa uku da rana mun yi. A nan a cikin wannan rami an haɗu da manyan dabbobi, waɗanda wasu suka ce bears ne suka yi su; wasu, da buffalo (elk). Har ila yau, an ga dabbobi da yawa tare, yayin da 'yan kallo suka ce lokacin da suka bincika a nan, sun ga dukkan ƙungiyoyin dabbobi, kuma sun ƙidaya dabbobi hamsin tare a cikin ɗaya. Yayin da muke kan batun tashi daga wurin, arna uku masu kyau sun zo daga ƙauyuka a nan, suna neman mu cike da kyakkyawan rabon baƙar fata da wani nau'in cherries  wanda suka ba mu kyauta, kuma sun bi mu da farin ciki, suna ba mu fahimtar cewa ya kamata mu je ƙauyensu [kuma] za su ba mu abinci.[and]  (An sadu da madroños da yawa, ƙananan da babba, a lokacin waɗannan tafiye-tafiye na kwana biyu, cike da 'ya'yan itace girman beads da yawa daga rosaries ɗinmu.) " Binciken ya sami 'yan asalin su kasance mafi alheri, suna ba da abinci da jagora. Lamchins babban rukuni ne, mai yiwuwa kimanin mutane 350. Yankunan su a yankin kudu maso tsakiya na yankin sun hada da Birnin Redwood City da Woodside na yanzu, da kuma yankin Phleger Estate na Golden Gate National Recreation Area. Ba za a iya samun ƙauyukan da aka sani ba, Cachanagtac, Guloisnistac, Oromstac, da Supichom.

A yau Laguna Grande ta rufe da Upper Crystal Springs Lake wanda ke da nisan kilomita 2 a kudancin Crystal Springs Dam a kan Cañada Road .  An kuma nuna sunan wurin Laguna Grande a kan zane na Rancho Cañada de Raymundo  da kuma farantin 1856 na Rancho de las Pulgas .  

Tafkunan Crystal Springs guda biyu da San Andreas Lake sun kasance sanannun Lakes na Spring Valley don Kamfanin Ruwa na Spring Valley wanda ya mallake su. Kamfanin Ruwa na Spring Valley ya ba da sunan tabkuna, Spring Valley Lakes, bayan kamfanin. Asalin Spring Valley ya kasance tsakanin Mason da Taylor Streets, da Washington da Broadway Streets a San Francisco, inda kamfanin ruwa ya fara. Lokacin da kamfanin ya tafi kudu don ƙarin ruwa, an kai sunan Spring Valley kudu.

### Garin Crystal Springs
Lower Crystal Springs Reservoir yanzu ya rufe garin Crystal Springs wanda ya girma a kusa da wani karamin gari mai suna, wanda aka kafa a tsakiyar karni na 19 kuma yana arewa maso yammacin madatsar ruwan ta yanzu. An gina otal din Crystal Springs a cikin shekarun 1860 a kan ƙasar da aka hayar, mai nisan kilomita huɗu daga Tashar jirgin sama ta San Mateo kuma tare da tashar jirgin ƙasa, kuma a kusa da wannan otal ɗin ƙaramin gari ya haɓaka ciki har da madara da gonaki. Yankin da aka hayar otal ɗin mallakar Kamfanin Ruwa na Spring Valley ne. A shekara ta 1875, garin Crystal Springs ya rasa yawan jama'arta da kasuwancin ta kuma a shekara ta 1887, wurin garin ya kasance a ƙarƙashin ruwa saboda ginin madatsar ruwan. Akwai hasashe idan an bar wani daga cikin gine-ginen garin kafin a kammala madatsar ruwan, duk da haka bisa ga wani littafi na 1922 na Kamfanin Ruwa na Spring Valley, "A ƙarshe, duk murabba'in kilomita talatin da biyar na yankin da aka kwashe sun tsabtace duk mazaunin ɗan adam. "

## Bayyanawa

Dukan tafkin ya ƙunshi tabkuna biyu daban-daban.

Tafkin kudancin, Upper Crystal Springs Reservoir, an kafa shi ne lokacin da wani mai ba da gudummawa, Laguna Creek (ko Lake Creek), wanda ya haɗu da Laguna Grande a ƙarshen kudu, ya nutse ta hanyar gina madatsar ruwa (wannan shine madatsar ruwan Crystal Springs ta farko) a cikin 1877.  Tsohon madatsar ruwan ya zama hanya tsakanin Upper da Lower Crystal Springs Reservoirs lokacin da Herman Schussler ya kafa madatsar ruwa mai tsayi 150 mai tsayi, wanda ya kafa San Mateo Creek don samar da tafkin ƙasa (arewa) a cikin 1888. Hanyar yanzu ta haye ta hanyar Hanyar 92. Laguna Creek yana gudana a arewa ta hanyar Filoli kuma yana da masu ba da gudummawa waɗanda ke saukowa daga gangaren yammacin Edgewood County Park da gangaren gabashin Dutsen Santa Cruz. Baya ga Laguna Creek, Adobe Gulch ne ke ciyar da Upper Crystal Springs Reservoir wanda ke saukowa daga Cahill Ridge kudu da kuma layi daya zuwa Hanyar 92 a cikin wani wuri mai laushi sannan ya shiga tafkin a Adobe Point . 

Rashin ruwa na arewa, Lower Crystal Springs Reservoir, San Mateo Creek da San Andreas Creek ne ke ciyar da shi a arewacinsa. Har ila yau, yana karɓar ruwa daga Upper Crystal Springs Reservoir ta hanyar bututun karkashin Hanyar 92. A ƙasa da madatsar ruwan Crystal Springs, ƙananan San Mateo Creek suna karɓar iyakantaccen ruwa daga Lower Crystal Springs Reservoir kuma suna sauka zuwa Bay.

A cikin 1924, an gina culverts ta hanyar Upper Crystal Springs Dam don haɗa Upper da Lower Crystal Springs Reservoirs. 

Wani ɓangare na ruwa a cikin tafkunan ya fito ne daga ruwan sama na gida kuma sauran ana yin su ne daga tafkin Hetch Hetchy a cikin Yosemite National Park, da kuma ruwa na Pilarcitos Creek da Alameda Creek. kamfani mai zaman kansa ne ya gina dukkan tafkin kuma ya mallake shi, a cikin hanyar Kamfanin Ruwa na Spring Valley, kuma a ƙarshe an ba da shi a ƙarƙashin mallakar da kariya na birnin San Francisco. Wannan kariya ta gida ta tabbatar da rayuwar muhimman nau'o'in a yankin, kuma saitin hanyoyi a cikin Crystal Springs Park yana bawa baƙi damar duba tafkin da namun daji na gida. Akwai giant rainbow trout da bass a cikin tafkin. Saboda yanke shawara da Hukumar Kula da Ayyuka ta San Francisco (SFPUC), Crystal Springs Reservoir ba ta buɗe ga jama'a ba.

## Tsire-tsire da dabbobi
Akwai bambancin halittu masu yawa na flora da fauna a kusa da tafkin, wanda ke cikin lardin California Floristic. Daga cikin wadannan nau'o'in akwai nau'o-in da ba su da yawa da ke cikin haɗari ciki har da *Acanthomintha duttonii* ko San Mateo thornmint, *Hesperolinon congestum* (Marin Dwarf Flax) da *Eriophyllum latilobum* ko San Mateo Woolly Sunflower . 

Ɗaya daga cikin gaggafa masu gashi (*Haliaeetus leucocephalus*) sun gina gida a cikin itacen Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesiu) a watan Maris na shekara ta 2012. Wannan ita ce gida na farko na gaggafa a cikin San Mateo County tun 1915, kusan shekaru 100 da suka gabata. Kodayake da farko ba su yi nasara ba, sun koma gida a kusurwar arewa maso yammacin Lower Reservoir. A shekara ta 2013, sun sami nasarar yin jima'i kuma jaririn ya tashi zuwa Arewa bayan ya bar gida.

## Dubi kuma
 

* Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct
* Jerin madatsun ruwa da tafkuna a California
* Jerin tabkuna a California
* Jerin tabkuna a yankin San Francisco Bay
* Filoli - wani yanki na tarihi a kan tafkin

## manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Tsarin Bayanai na Sunayen Yanayi na Amurka: Lower Crystal Springs Reservoir
* Tsarin Bayanai na Sunayen Yanayi na Amurka: Upper Crystal Springs Reservoir