Bitrus Nchabeleng

**Peter Mampogoane Nchabeleng** (7 Maris 1928 - 11 Afrilu 1986) ɗan ƙungiyar ƙwadagon Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma ɗan gwagwarmayar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata wanda ya mutu a tsare a hannun 'yan sanda a Lebowa bantustan a cikin watan Afrilu 1986. A lokacin mutuwarsa, ya kasance shugaban jam'iyyar United Democratic Front a yankin arewacin Transvaal kuma shugaban jam'iyyar ANC na ƙarƙashin ƙasa a yankin.

Nchabeleng ya yi fice a fagen siyasa a shekarun 1950 a Pretoria, inda ya yi aiki a jam'iyyar ANC, da jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Afirka ta Kudu, da jam'iyyar 'yan kasuwa ta Afirka ta Kudu, da ƙungiyar Sebatakgomo ta ƙasarsa ta Sekhukhuneland. An ɗaure shi a tsibirin Robben na tsawon shekaru takwas daga shekarun 1964 zuwa 1972 bisa zarginsa da fafutuka a matsayinsa na farkon ɗaukar aiki zuwa Umkhonto we Sizwe. A cikin shekaru goma bayan sakinsa, an kore shi zuwa mahaifarsa a Apel, Northern Transvaal, inda ya ci gaba da aiki a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na ANC kuma inda ya ci gaba da fuskantar 'yan sanda. Ya rasu a ranar 11 ga watan Afrilun 1986 bayan da jami’an ‘yan sanda suka yi masa mugun duka da suka kama shi a farkon wannan rana. Mutuwar tasa ta ja hankalin al'ummar ƙasar kuma ya kasance jigo a jam'iyyar ANC.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Nchabeleng a ranar 7 ga watan Maris 1928 a Apel, wani ƙauye a ƙauyen Sekhukhuneland a tsohuwar Transvaal ta Arewa. Shi ne ɗa na shida na Zabaluna da Salome Nchabeleng  kuma shi ne Pedi.  Tun yana yaro, yaro ne garke kuma ya kammala firamare a kusa; Daga baya ya halarci makarantar sakandare a Pretoria. 

## Gwagwarmayar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata

### Pretoria: 1950-1960s
Yayin da yake Pretoria, a farkon shekarun 1950, Nchabeleng ya yi aiki a ma'aikatan buga takardu na gwamnati kuma ya kasance sakataren reshen jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC) a Atteridgeville. Ya kuma kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Afirka ta Kudu, a lokacin ba bisa ka'ida ba, kuma ya kasance mai himma a cikin ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago, ya zama sakataren yanki na ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta Allied, sannan kuma ya zama mamba na ƙungiyar 'yan kasuwa ta Afirka ta Kudu, a yankin Pretoria. A lokaci guda, Nchabeleng ya kasance babban jigo a Sebatakgomo, ƙungiyar juriya na ma'aikatan bakin haure na Sekhukhune, musamman a Johannesburg, waɗanda suka nuna rashin amincewa da aiwatar da Dokar Hukumomin Bantu kuma sun taimaka wajen tayar da tawayen Sekhukhuneland na shekarar 1958. **** Ya kuma kasance jigo a kokarin taimakawa waɗanda aka kama a cikin tawaye, yana aiki a matsayin mai fassara ga lauyan fursunonin, dan gurguzu Joe Slovo.

A shekarar 1960 gwamnatin nuna wariyar launin fata ta haramtawa jam'iyyar ANC, kuma nan da nan, an naɗa Nchabeleng a cikin kwamitin mutane bakwai da aka kafa domin ci gaba da shirin yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata a Pretoria. Lokacin da aka kafa Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) a watan Disambar 1961, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin kwamandojin sashen MK guda bakwai da ke aiki ƙarƙashin ƙasa a Pretoria.  A ranar 16 ga watan Mayu 1963, an kama Nchabeleng don gurfana a gaban shari'a a ƙarƙashin dokar hana gurguzu don zama memba a cikin haramtacciyar jam'iyyar ANC da mallakar haramtattun kayayyaki. An yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru uku a gidan yari tare da wanda ake tuhumar sa, tare da dakatar da hukuncin shekaru biyu da rabi. Duk da haka, a ranar 17 ga watan Agusta 1964, an sake kama shi tare da wasu da yawa kuma an gurfanar da shi a kan wasu tuhume-tuhume da suka shafi ayyukansa na MK, ciki har da ɗaukar ma'aikata da kuma kera abubuwan fashewa. Da aka same shi da laifin aikata laifin, Nchabeleng ya shafe shekaru takwas a gidan yari a tsibirin Robben. 

## Manazarta