Cibiyar hadin gwiwa don Bincike a Kimiyya ta Muhalli

**Cibiyar Haɗin kai don Bincike a Kimiyyar Muhalli** ( **CIRES** ) cibiyar bincike ce wacce Hukumar Kula da Ruwa da Ruwa ta Kasa (NOAA) Ofishin Binciken Ruwa da Ruwa (OAR) da Jami'ar Colorado Boulder (CU) ke tallafawa tare. Masana kimiyya na CIRES suna nazarin tsarin duniya, ciki har da yanayi, hydrosphere, cryosphere, biosphere, da geosphere, da kuma sadarwa waɗannan binciken ga masu yanke shawara, al'ummar kimiyya, da jama'a.

Yana daya daga cikin Cibiyoyin hadin gwiwa na NOAA (CIs). 

## Tarihi da bincike
An kafa CIRES a cikin 1967 kuma ita ce mafi tsufa kuma mafi girma daga cikin cibiyoyin hadin gwiwar NOAA a duk faɗin ƙasar. CIRES tana sauƙaƙa haɗin gwiwar tsakanin masu bincike a Jami'ar Colorado da Ofishin Nazarin Oceanic da Atmospheric (OAR) na NOAA, Satellite na Muhalli na Kasa, Bayanai da Bayanai (NESDIS), da kuma Sabis ɗin Yanayi na Kasa (NWS).

CIRES ya hada da masana kimiyya sama da 800, ma'aikata, da dalibai, kuma masana kimiyya na CIRES suna buga littattafai sama da 500 da An sake dubawa a kowace shekara. Misalan binciken da aka mayar da hankali kan bukatun al'umma sun haɗa da saka idanu kan canje-canje a cikin yanayin yanayi na iska gas, kimanta lafiyar Layer na ozone na Duniya, tsara tasirin Canjin yanayi akan samar da ruwa da sauran mahimman albarkatu, yin rikodin raguwar kankara, saka idanu akan ingancin iska da ruwa, taimakawa wajen amsawa ga fari da gobarar daji, haɓaka magungunan microbial don rage tsinkayen girgizar ƙasa, da samar da bayanai don ƙarin ƙididdigar haɗarin haɗari.

Darakta na yanzu na CIRES shine tsohon Babban Masanin Kimiyya na NASA, Waleed Abdalati .

## Rarrabawar
Cryospheric and Polar Processes Division (**CPP**) Cryosphere ya ƙunshi yanayin Arctic, kankara da kankara, dusar ƙanƙara da snow hydrology, da permafrost. Binciken Cryospheric da Polar Processes Division a CIRES ya haɗu da tattara bayanai, ƙira, da nazarin bayanai don fahimtar yadda cryosphere ke tasiri, da amsawa ga, canje-canje a cikin yanayin duniya.

Wani babban aiki na wannan rukuni shine adanawa da rarraba bayanan tauraron dan adam game da cryosphere a cikin Cibiyar Bayanai da Bayanai ta Snow da Ice (DAAC) a matsayin wani ɓangare na Cibiyar Kula da Duniya (EOS) ta NASA. Wadannan bayanan suna kara fahimtar masana kimiyya game da yadda cryosphere ke canzawa da kuma tasirin duniya na waɗancan canje-canje.

Sashen Kimiyya na Ecosystem (**ES**) Wannan binciken na sashen yana mai da hankali kan ingancin ruwa, musayar ƙasa, da rikice-rikice na yanki da na duniya. Bincike yana mai da hankali kan batutuwa kamar ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke lalata guba na muhalli; canje-canje na Amfani da ƙasa; nazarin abinci mai gina jiki da gurɓataccen ruwa a cikin tabkuna da rafi; fitar da hayaki na muhimman iskar gas zuwa yanayi; da kuma kare amfanin gona daga sanyi.

**Sashen ilmin sunadarai na muhalli** (**EC**) Batutuwan bincike sun haɗa da ma'auni da nazarin gurbataccen abu da mahadi masu faruwa na halitta, kinetics, kimiyyar farfajiyar, da ci gaban kayan aiki na nazari. Nazarin da aka yi kwanan nan ya rufe batutuwa masu yawa ciki har da Ruwan sama mai zafi, iska da gurɓataccen ruwa kamar wanda ke faruwa a cikin girgije mai launin ruwan kasa na Denver, da kuma canjin yanayi wanda ya haifar da fitar da carbon dioxide da sauran gurɓata. Sauran fannoni na bincike sun haɗa da raguwar ozone na stratospheric, samar da oxidant na photochemical na tropospheric.

Binciken Muhalli, Tsarin Mulki da Sashen Tsinkaya (**EOMF**) Wannan ɓangaren yana mai da hankali kan haɓaka fahimtar hanyoyin hulɗa a cikin yanayin jiki na Duniya da haɓaka hoto mai kyau game da ƙwarewarsa ga canjin halitta da na ɗan adam. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan fannoni na binciken shine tasirin greenhouse da kuma yadda za a ƙayyade farkon yanayin zafi da aka annabta.

**Sashen Kimiyya na [[Duniya]]** (**SES**) Yankunan bincike masu aiki a cikin ilimin ƙasa sun haɗa da tsinkayen girgizar ƙasa; nazarin girman, siffar, da ƙarfin ƙarfin Duniya; isotope geochemistry; da kuma halin ainihin duniya da mantle. Wannan binciken ya haɗa da amfani da Seismography, ƙididdigar ƙididdiga da ƙididdiga, da dabarun geodetic na sararin samaniya, kamar su laser range, tauraron dan adam na Rufin gadi, da kuma lura da raƙuman rediyo da ke fitowa daga sararin samaniya mai zurfi.

Wani muhimmin bangare na binciken CIRES a cikin geodesy / geodynamics shine shiga cikin ƙungiyar jami'o'i da yawa da aka haɓaka don tarawa, gwaji, da kuma gudanar da tura kayan aikin kayan aiki waɗanda ke amfani da siginar rediyo daga tauraron dan adam na Global Positioning System (GPS) don ƙayyade nisan tsakanin maki a farfajiyar Duniya. Manufar kimiyya ita ce saka idanu kan lalacewar ɓawon burodi a wuraren da ke aiki.

yanayi **[[Climate|yanayi]] da Yanayi na Yanayi** (**WCD**) Wannan rukunin yana mai da hankali kan fahimtar yadda hanyoyin duniya ke haɗuwa don ƙirƙirar yanayi da yanayin da aka lura daga troposphere zuwa Mesosphere. Wannan ya haɗa da bincike na lura da ka'idoji a kan iyakokin iyaka masu ma'amala; El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) da tasirinsa akan hasashen yanayi; raƙuman ruwa na duniya da rikice-rikice a cikin stratosphere; da kuma rikice-rikicen da ke cikin iyaka.

## Cibiyoyin da shirye-shirye
CIRES tana tallafawa cibiyoyi huɗu waɗanda ke ba da haɗin aiki tsakanin NOAA da sassan 11 a Jami'ar Colorado Boulder. Cibiyoyin sun hada da:

* Cibiyar Limnology, nazarin tabkuna, rafi, da wuraren da ke da ruwa;
* Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Kimiyya da Fasaha (CSTPR), wanda ke gudanar da bincike da ilimi don biyan bukatun masu yanke shawara na jama'a da masu zaman kansu don bayanan kimiyyar muhalli;
* Cibiyar Kimiyya da Bincike ta Duniya (ESOC), tana mai da hankali kan ci gaba da aikace-aikacen dabarun nesa don nazarin dukkan fannoni na tsarin Duniya;
* Cibiyar Bayanan Snow da Ice ta Kasa (NSIDC), wacce ke nazarin yankunan da suka daskare a duniya (wanda ake kira cryosphere), gami da kankara mai iyo, kankara mai laushi, kankara, kankara na kankara, rufe dusar ƙanƙara, da permafrost.

CIRES kuma tana da shirye-shirye guda biyu: Binciken Ruwa na Yamma (WWA) da Ilimi da Gudanarwa. WWA tana ɗaya daga cikin shirye-shiryen 11 na Kimiyyar Kimiyyar Yankin (RISA) da ke tallafawa NOAA a duk faɗin ƙasar. Masu bincike na WWA, ƙwararru a cikin yanayi, ruwa, muhalli, doka, da kimiyyar zamantakewa, suna aiki tare da masu yanke shawara a duk faɗin Yamma don samar da bayanai masu amfani, masu dacewa da manufofi game da canjin yanayi da canji.

## Manazarta