'Yancin Dan Adam a yankin da ke karkashin ikon Daular Musulunci

The condition of human rights in the territory controlled by the Islamic State (IS) is considered to be among the worst in the world. The Islamic State's policies included acts of genocide, torture and slavery.  Hukumar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNCHR) ta bayyana a watan Nuwamba na 2014 cewa Daular Islama tana "neman murkushe fararen hula a karkashinta da kuma mamaye kowane bangare na rayuwarsu ta hanyar ta'addanci, koyarwa, da kuma samar da ayyuka ga wadanda suka yi biyayya". Yawancin ayyukan daular Islama na aikata laifuka, ta'addanci, daukar ma'aikata da sauran ayyuka an rubuta su a Gabas ta Tsakiya.

Yankunan Iraki da Sham, wadanda daular Musulunci ta mamaye kuma suna da'awar a matsayin wani bangare na "Khalifanci" da suka yi wa kanta lakabi da "Khalifanci" ya ga an samar da daya daga cikin gwamnatocin da suka fi aikata laifuka da fasadi da tashe-tashen hankula a wannan zamani, kuma ta yi mulkin wannan yankin har zuwa lokacin da aka ci galaba a kanta.   IS ta kashe dubban fararen hula,  ta sace dubban mutane, kuma ta tilasta daruruwan dubban mutane su gudu. Ya aikata azabtarwa, fyade da yawa, auren tilas, manyan ayyukan Tsabtace kabilanci, Kisan kiyashi, fashi, cin hanci, smuggling, Bautar, sata yara, da kuma amfani da yara sojoji; a cikin aiwatar da tsauraran fassarori na dokar Sharia wanda ya dogara da tsoffin hanyoyin ƙarni na takwas, sun aiwatar da "sanarwa" na jama'a kamar yankewa, Gicciye, duka duka, yanka da rarraba mutane, da rabuwa. Mambobin IS sun yi wa dubban 'yan mata da mata fyade (musamman membobin kungiyoyin da ba na Sunni ba).

Kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil adama da kungiyoyin zaman lafiya da dama da suka hada da Human Rights Watch da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kuma Amnesty International sun zargi kungiyar IS da aikata laifukan cin zarafin bil adama, sannan kuma sun zargi kungiyar IS baki daya da kasancewa kungiyar masu aikata laifuka, wadda ta aikata laifukan yaki mafi tsanani tun bayan yakin duniya na biyu.

## Ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya
Wani rahoton Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da aka fitar a shekara ta 2014 ya bayyana cewa tsakanin 6 ga watan Yuli zuwa 10 ga Satumban 2014, IS da kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye da ke kawance da su sun kaddamar da tashin hankali a wani yanayi na tsari da yaduwa a fadin kasar Iraki. Rahoton ya bayyana cewa wadannan munanan ayyuka sun hada da sace-sacen dole da kuma cin zarafin mata da kananan yara.

A watan Nuwamban 2014, kwamitin bincike na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai zaman kansa kan Jamhuriyar Larabawa ta Siriya ya bayyana cewa kungiyar IS na aikata laifukan cin zarafin bil adama, kuma tana neman murkushe fararen hula a karkashinta da kuma mamaye kowane fanni na rayuwarsu ta hanyar ta'addanci, koyarwa, da kuma samar da ayyuka ga wadanda suka yi biyayya.  A watan Oktoba na 2015, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kare hakkin dan Adam "ta yi Allah wadai da ta'addanci da cin zarafi da fararen hula da ake kira Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (Daesh), al-Nusrah Front da sauran kungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, da ci gaba da cin zarafi da cin zarafi na 'yancin dan adam da take hakkin bil'adama na kasa da kasa da dokokin jin kai na kasa da kasa, da kuma sake tabbatarwa, ciki har da ayyukan ta'addanci a cikin Iraki da Levant. (Daesh), ba zai iya kuma bai kamata a danganta shi da kowane addini, ƙasa ko wayewa ba 

## Magana daga kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam
Wani rahoto da kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta Human Rights Watch ta fitar a watan Nuwamban 2014 ya zargi mayakan IS da ke yankin Derna na kasar Libya da laifukan yaki da take hakkin dan Adam da kuma ta’addancin mazauna yankin. Kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Human Rights Watch ta tattara bayanai kan wasu abubuwa uku da suka bayyana a fili inda aka kashe fursunonin tare da bulala akalla goma a bainar jama'a da Majalisar Shura ta Matasan Musulunci, wacce ta shiga kungiyar IS a watan Nuwamba. An kuma rubuta yadda aka fille kan wasu mazauna garin Derna guda uku da kuma wasu da dama na kisan gillar da aka yi wa alkalai, jami'an gwamnati, jami'an tsaro da sauransu. Sarah Leah Watson, darektan kungiyar HRW Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka, ta ce: "Ya kamata kwamandojin su fahimci cewa za su iya fuskantar shari'a a cikin gida ko kuma na kasa da kasa saboda babban take hakkin da sojojinsu ke yi. 

Kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama daban-daban da kuma da dama daga cikin Turkmen na Iraki da kansu sun zargi kungiyar IS da cewa tana dauke da tunanin kyamar Turkiyya, wanda ya kai ga kisan kiyashin Turkmen na Iraki.

Kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta Amnesty International ta dora alhakin kisan kabilanci da kungiyoyin tsirarun addinai da ake yi a arewacin Iraki bisa ma'aunin tarihi. Ta fitar da wani rahoto na musamman a karshen shekara ta 2014 da ke bayyana yadda IS ta ke "tsare kai hare-hare kan al'ummomin musulmi wadanda ba na Larabawa ba da kuma wadanda ba 'yan Sunna ba, tare da kashe ko kuma sace daruruwan mutane, watakila dubbai, tare da tilastawa wasu fiye da 830,000 tserewa daga yankunan da ta kama tun ranar 10 ga watan Yunin 2014". Daga cikin wadannan mutane akwai Kiristocin Assuriya, Turkmen Shi'a, Shabak Shi'a, Yazidis, Kaka'i da Mandaean, wadanda suka rayu tare tsawon shekaru aru-aru a lardin Nineveh, wanda yawancin yankunansu suka zama karkashin ikon IS. 

## Kisan kare dangi da sauran laifukan yaki
IS's crimes of murder, ethnic cleansing, enslavement and rape against Shia, Christian, Yazidis da kuma wasu tsirarun addinai daban-daban a yankunanta an amince da su a matsayin kisan kiyashi da Majalisar Turai da Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka suka yi a shekarar 2014. A cikin 2017, 'yan jaridar CNN Jomana Karadsheh da Chris Jackson sun ba da rahoto na musamman kan kokarin da Hukumar Shari'a ta Kasa da Kasa (CIJA) ta yi na gurfanar da IS a gaban kuliya kan laifukan yaki da aka yi wa Yazidawa. There are also many Sunni Muslim victims of IS.

Daya daga cikin mayakan IS da aka kama ya yi alfahari da yi wa mata sama da 200 fyade daga kungiyoyin tsiraru na Iraki tare da kashe sama da mutane 500 sannan ya yi ikirarin cewa shugabanni ne suka karfafa masa gwiwar yin hakan.

A wasu lokuta, IS ta kashe mata da suka ki yin jima'i da mayakanta. A cikin wani jawabi ga kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da aka gudanar a ranar 10 ga Mayu, 2021, wata tawagar bincike ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta bayyana cewa IS ta kaddamar da kisan kiyashi kan Yazidis "a matsayin kungiyar addini" a lokacin kisan kiyashin Sinjar, da nufin kawar da su "a zahiri da kuma ta halitta".

### Kisan kiyashi na addini da na 'yan tsiraru, tilasta tuba, da fitarwa

IS tana tilasta wa mutane a yankunan da take sarrafawa su rayu bisa ga fassarar dokar shari'a. An samu rahotanni da dama na yadda kungiyar ke amfani da barazanar kisa, azabtarwa da yankan rago don tilasta musulunta.". IS tana jagorantar tashin hankali a kan Musulmai Shia, Alawites, Kiristoci na Assuriya da Armeniya, Yazidis, Druze, Shabaks da Mandeans musamman.

Mayakan IS sun yi niyya ga ƙungiyar Alawite ta Siriya. Rahotanni sun ce kungiyar IS da kungiyoyin masu da’awar jihadi ne suka jagoranci kai farmaki a kauyukan Alawite da ke lardin Latakia na kasar Syria a watan Agustan 2013. 

Amnesty International ta dorawa kungiyar IS alhakin kawar da kabilanci da kungiyoyin tsirarun addinai a arewacin Iraki a kan "tsari mai tarihi", lamarin da ya jefa daukacin al'ummomi cikin hadarin sharewa daga taswirar Iraki. A cikin wani rahoto na musamman da ta fitar a ranar 2 ga watan Satumban 2014, kungiyar ta bayyana yadda kungiyar IS ta yi “tsare-tsare kan al’ummar Musulmi wadanda ba Larabawa ba da kuma wadanda ba Sunna ba, suna kashe ko kuma sace daruruwan mutane, watakila dubbai, tare da tilastawa wasu fiye da 830,000 tserewa daga yankunan da ta kama tun ranar 10 ga watan Yunin 2014”. Daga cikin wadannan mutane akwai Kiristocin Assuriya, Turkmen Shi'a, Shabak Shi'a, Kaka'i, Yazidawa da Mandaean, wadanda suka rayu tare tsawon shekaru aru-aru a lardin Nineveh, wadanda yawancinsu ke karkashin ikon IS.

Christians living in areas under IS control face four options: converting to Islam, paying a religious levy called the jizya, leaving the caliphate, or death. "We offer them three choices: Islam; the dhimma contract – involving payment of jizya; if they refuse this they will have nothing but the sword", IS said. Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the leader of IS till his 2019 demise, further noted that Christians who do not agree with those terms must "leave the borders of the Islamic Caliphate" within a specified deadline. IS had already set similar rules for Christians in Raqqa, once one of Syria's more liberal cities. However, on 29 March 2016, IS issued a decree preventing Christians and Armenians from leaving Raqqa.

A ranar 23 ga Fabrairun 2015, a matsayin mayar da martani ga wani gagarumin farmakin da Kurdawa suka kai a gundumar Al-Hasakah, IS ta yi garkuwa da Kiristocin Assuriya 150 daga kauyukan da ke kusa da Tal Tamr (Tell Tamer) a arewa maso gabashin Syria, bayan kaddamar da wani gagarumin farmaki a yankin.

Jami'an Kurdawa sun yi ikirarin cewa yakin da IS ke yi da yankunan Kurdawa da Yezidi kamar Sinjar, wani shiri ne na mayar da kasashen Larabawa.

A cewar jami'an tsaron Iraki, 'yan ta'addar IS sun kai hari a wani filin wasan kwallon kafa, da aka gina a kusa da wurin ibadar mabiya Shi'a a birnin Kirkuk. A ranar 24 ga watan Agustan shekarar 2019 ne suka harba turmi da ya yi sanadin mutuwar fararen hula shida tare da jikkata wasu tara, a ranar 24 ga watan Agustan shekarar 2019. A wani harin da aka kai kwana daya da ta gabata, an kai wani harin bam a kusa da wani masallaci da ke yankin Mussayyib da mabiya mazhabar shi'a ke da rinjaye, lamarin da ya yi sanadin mutuwar mutane uku tare da raunata 34.

#### Musulmai Shia
Duk da kasancewar mafi rinjayen addini a Iraki, IS ta kashe Musulman Shi'a wadanda galibin mazauna kudancin kasar ne. Ya zuwa watan Yunin 2014, IS ta riga ta yi iƙirarin cewa ta kashe Musulmai Shia 1,700 .  IS, yana ƙoƙari ya kirkiro Khalifancin Musulmi na Sunni, ya lakafta duk Musulmai Shia marasa aminci. A sakamakon haka, sun yi niyya musamman ga al'ummomin Shia. A cewar shaidu, bayan da kungiyar 'yan tawaye ta kwace birnin Mosul, sun raba fursunonin Sunni daga fursunonin Shia. An kai fursunonin Shia 650 zuwa wani wuri kuma an kashe su. Jami'an Kurdawa a Erbil sun ba da rahoton faruwar irin wannan lamari inda aka raba fursunonin Sunni da Shi'a tare da kashe fursunonin Shi'a. Wani lokaci, ana ƙone Shia da rai.

#### Turkmen na Iraki
Turkmen na Iraki gaba daya ba su taba shiga cikin rikicin Iraki ba har sai da Daular Musulunci ta fara aiwatar da muzgunawa a kansu. An kashe Turkmen 200,000, an kashe dubbai, daruruwa kuma ba a gansu ba. Kungiyar Turkmen ta Iraki ta bayyana cewa harin da aka kai wa Turkmen wani yunkuri ne na kawar da kabilanci. 

#### Kiristoci
Kiristoci na Iraki, mafi yawansu 'yan kabilar Assuriyawa ne a arewacin Iraki, IS ta yi niyya da su. Kungiyar ta gargadi Kiristoci cewa dole ne su tuba zuwa addinin Musulunci, su biya tarar, ko kuma su fuskanci kisa. A wani lokaci, IS ta karɓi Qaraqosh, birni mafi girma na Kirista a Iraki. Kiristoci da suka tsere daga birnin sun ba da rahoton kisan gilla da yanke kawuna. An sace wasu kuma an tsare su don fansa. An yi wa wasu bulala a bainar jama'a saboda kin tuba zuwa ga Islama. Kiristoci da yawa sun yi gudun hijira, suna tserewa daga ƙauyukansu don tserewa IS. Har ila yau, kungiyar ta lalata majami'u da wuraren ibada na Kirista. Mayakan na IS sun lalata tare da lalata wasu abubuwan tarihi na kiristoci da dama, kuma sun dauke giciye daga saman majami'u, tare da maye gurbinsu da tutocin IS. Sun sanyawa gidajen Kiristoci alamar "N" Larabci wanda ke nufin "Nasrane", kalmar da Musulmai ke amfani da ita wajen kwatanta mabiya addinin Kirista.

#### Yazidis

An yi wa tsanantawar Yazidis lakabi da kisan kare dangi. Wannan ƙungiyar addini ta fuskanci kisan kiyashi, tilasta tuba, tilasta gudun hijira, fyade, azabtarwa, bautar jima'i, da tilasta wa soja. Akwai kisan kiyashi da yawa a hare-hare a kauyukan Yazidi. A yawancin kisan kiyashi, 'yan ta'adda sun raba maza da mata. Bayan haka, an sanya maza a layi a wuraren dubawa a gefen hanya, an harbe su, kuma an rushe su cikin kaburbura. Wani lokaci ma, an ba maza zabin musulunta ko kuma a kashe su, don haka akwai lokuta da yawa na tilasta musulunta da kisa saboda ƙin musuluntar da IS. Sauran mazajen Yazidi an tilasta su shiga cikin haikalin Yazidi kuma an hura su a ciki ko kuma an kama su.

Matan Yazidi da yaran da aka kama, maza da yawa sun sha yi musu fyade, galibi abokan wadanda suka yi garkuwa da su. Sun yi imanin cewa idan mayakan IS goma suka yi wa mace fyade, za ta zama musulma. An kuma sayar da mutane da yawa a matsayin bayi na jima'i ga mayakan IS. Har ila yau, akwai rahotanni cewa an tilasta mata zuwa bautar jima'i an tilasta musu zubar da ciki. Da yawa daga cikin wadannan fursunoni sun yi ƙoƙari su kashe kansu.

The Sinjar massacre was the killing and abduction of thousands na 'Yan kabilar Yazidi a Sinjar (Kurdawa: شنگال Şingal) birni da gundumar Sinjar a lardin Nineveh na Iraki da IS ta yi a watan Agustan 2014. Wannan taron ya fara ne da mayakan IS suka kai hari tare da kwace Sinjar da garuruwan da ke makwabtaka da su a ranar 3 ga Agusta, yayin farmakin IS a farkon watan Agustan 2014.

Jaridar New York Times ta ruwaito a ranar 7 ga watan Agustan 2014 cewa IS ta kashe mazajen Yazidi da dama a birnin Sinjar tare da daukar matansu ga mayakan jihadi marasa aure. An kuma ruwaito cewa mayakan IS sun kashe masu kula da goma na masallacin Shia Sayeda Zeinab a Sinjar kafin su fashe shi.

Yayinda kewaye da Dutsen Sinjar ke ci gaba, IS ta kashe daruruwan Yazidis a akalla shida daga cikin ƙauyuka da ke kusa. An kashe mutane 250-300 a ƙauyen Hardan, 200 tsakanin Adnaniya da Jazeera, 70-90 a Qiniyeh, kuma a kan hanyar da ta fito daga shaidun al-Shimal sun ba da rahoton ganin gawawwaki da yawa. An kuma kashe daruruwan wasu saboda kin tuba zuwa addinin Musulunci.

A ranar 15 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2014, a ƙauyen Yazidi na Khocho, a kudancin Sinjar, bayan da dukan jama'a suka karɓi ultimatum na jihadi don juyawa ko a kashe su, an kashe sama da mutane 80. Wani shaida ya ba da labarin cewa an fara juyowa a ƙauyen ne a ƙarƙashin tilastawa, amma lokacin da dattijon ƙauyen ya ki juyawa, an ɗauke dukkan mazajen a cikin manyan motoci a ƙarƙashin uzuri na kai su Sinjar, kuma an harbe su a hanya. amma da dattijon kauyen ya ki ya tuba, an dauki dukkan mutanen a cikin manyan motoci bisa zargin cewa an kai su Sinjar, kuma aka harbe su a hanya. A cewar rahotanni daga wadanda suka tsira da ransu da OHCHR ta zanta da su, a ranar 15 ga watan Agusta, daukacin mazan kauyen Yazidi na Khocho, maza 400, IS ta tattara tare da harbe su, kuma an sace mata da yara kusan 1,000.  

A wannan rana, an ruwaito cewa an kashe maza 200 na Yazidi saboda kin tuba a kurkukun Tal Afar. Kisan kiyashin ya faru akalla har zuwa ranar 25 ga watan Agusta lokacin da IS ta kashe wasu tsoffi Yazidi maza 14 a wurin Sheikh Mand Shrine a Jidala, yammacin Sinjar, tare da tarwatsa wurin ibada a wurin.

40,000 ko fiye Yazidis sun makale a cikin tsaunukan Sinjar kuma galibi sojojin IS ne ke kewaye da su  wadanda ke harbe su.  Ba su da abinci, ruwa ko kulawar likita, suna fuskantar yunwa da rashin ruwa. Kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Human Rights Watch ta ruwaito a cikin 2018 cewa IS ta kama Yazidi kusan 6,300 a Sinjar tare da tilasta matan Yazidi cikin "tsarin fyade da kuma bautar jima'i".

A shekara ta 2014, hukumar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kiyasta cewa 9,347   a Iraki, sannan duk da haka; a shekara ta 2016 wani rahoto na biyu na Majalisar Dattijai ya kiyasta mutuwar 18,802  . Kisan kiyashi na Sinjar a shekarar 2014 ya haifar da kisan fararen hula tsakanin 2,000 da 5,000.

### Hare-haren da aka kai wa 'yan jarida
Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida ya ce: "Ba tare da' yan jarida kyauta ba, wasu 'yancin bil'adama kaɗan ne za a iya samu. "  IS ta azabtar da kuma kashe' yan jaridar gida,   haifar da abin da kungiyar Reporters Without Borders ta kira "labarai masu ban tsoro" a yankunan da IS ke iko da su. Rahotanni sun ce an bai wa mayakan IS umarni a rubuce domin su kashe ko kama ‘yan jarida.

A watan Disambar 2013, wasu 'yan kunar bakin wake biyu sun kai hari a hedkwatar gidan talabijin din Salaheddin tare da kashe 'yan jarida biyar, bayan da suka zargi gidan talabijin din da "bata sunan al'ummar Sunni na Iraki". Kungiyar Reporters Without Borders ta bayar da rahoton cewa, a ranar 7 ga Satumba, 2014, IS ta kwace kuma a ranar 11 ga watan Oktoba ta fille kan Raad al-Azzawi, wani mai daukar hoto na TV Salaheddin daga kauyen Samra da ke gabashin Tikrit.  Ya zuwa Oktoba 2014, a cewar Journalistic Freedoms Observatory, IS ta gudanar da 'yan jarida tara kuma tana da wasu tara a karkashin kulawa a lardin Mosul da Salahuddin.

A cikin 2013 da kuma wani ɓangare na 2014, ƙungiyar IS da ake yi wa lakabi da Beatles ta samu kuma ta yi garkuwa da 'yan jarida 12 na yammacin Turai, tare da ma'aikatan agaji da sauran mutanen waje da aka yi garkuwa da su, jimlar 23 ko 24 da aka yi garkuwa da su. An kama wani dan jarida dan kasar Poland Marcin Suder a watan Yulin 2013 amma bayan watanni hudu ya tsere. Rukunin ya kashe 'yan jaridar Amurka James Foley da Steven Sotloff kuma ya fitar da bidiyon yanke kai. An saki takwas daga cikin sauran 'yan jarida don fansa: ɗan jaridar Danish Daniel Rye Ottosen,' yan jaridar Faransa Didier François, Edouard Elias, Nicholas Hénin, da Pierre Torres, da' yan jarida na Mutanen Espanya Marc Marginedas, Javier Espinosa, da Ricardo García Vilanova. Rukunin ya ci gaba da tsare ɗan jaridar Burtaniya John Cantlie da ma'aikaciyar agaji.