Benedict na Sha Shida

**Benedict: Na sha shida** ko **Joseph Ratzinger,** (An haife shi a ran shashida ga Afrilu a shekara ta 1927, a Marktl, Jamus) fafaroma ne daga 2005 (bayan John Paul na Biyu) zuwa 2013 (kafin Francis). Ya rasu a ranar 31 ga Disamba a shekara ta 2022, a birnin Rum.

ya kasance shugaban Cocin Katolika kuma mai mulkin Jahar Vatican daga 19 Afrilu 2005 har zuwa murabus dinsa  a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu 2013. Zaben Benedict a matsayin Paparoma ya faru ne a taron Paparoma na 2005 wanda ya biyo bayan mutuwar Paparoma John Paul na biyu . Benedict ya zaɓi a san shi da " Paparoma Emeritus " a kan murabus ɗinsa, kuma ya ci gaba da riƙe wannan lakabi har mutuwarsa a cikin Disamba 2022.  

An naɗa shi a matsayin frist a 1951 a ƙasarsa ta Bavaria, Ratzinger ya fara aikin ilimi kuma ya kafa kansa a matsayin masanin tauhidi mai daraja a ƙarshen 1950s. An nada shi cikakken farfesa a 1958 yana da shekaru 31. Bayan ya yi aiki mai tsawo a matsayin farfesa na ilimin tauhidi a jami'o'in Jamus da dama, an nada shi Archbishop na Munich da Freising kuma Paparoma Paul na VI ya kirkiro wani Cardinal a shekara ta 1977, wani sabon ci gaba da ba a saba gani ba ga wanda ba shi da kwarewar fastoci. A cikin 1981, an nada shi Shugaban Ikilisiya don Koyarwar Bangaskiya, ɗaya daga cikin mahimman ka'idoji na Roman Curia . Daga 2002 har zuwa lokacin da aka zabe shi Paparoma, ya kasance shugaban Kwalejin Cardinals . Kafin ya zama Paparoma, ya kasance "babban jigo a dandalin Vatican na kwata na karni"; yana da tasiri "na biyu zuwa ba ko ɗaya idan aka zo batun kafa al'amuran coci da jagorori" a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin amintattun John Paul II .  Rubuce-rubucen Benedict sun yi yawa kuma gabaɗaya sun kare koyarwar Katolika na gargajiya, dabi'u, da liturgy.  Asalinsa malamin tauhidi ne mai sassaucin ra'ayi amma ya ɗauki ra'ayin mazan jiya bayan 1968.  A lokacin sarautarsa, Benedict ya ba da shawarar komawa ga muhimman dabi'u na Kirista don magance karuwar rashin zaman lafiya na yawancin kasashen yammacin Turai . Ya duba ma'anar tsarin ilimin halayyar gaskiya, kuma musun gaskiyar gaskiyar abin ɗabi'a musamman, a matsayin karni na tsakiya na karni na 21. Benedict kuma ya farfado da hadisai da yawa, gami da Mass Tridentine

## Rayuwa ta farko: 1927-1951
Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger ( German: [ˈjoːzɛf ʔaˈlɔʏzi̯ʊs ˈʁatsɪŋɐ] ) an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Afrilu, Asabar Mai Tsarki, 1927 a Schulstraße 11 da ƙarfe 8:30 na safe a gidan iyayensa da ke Marktl, Bavaria, Jamus. Ya yi baftisma a wannan rana. Shi ne ɗa na uku kuma ƙarami na Joseph Ratzinger Sr., ɗan sanda, da Maria Ratzinger ( née Peintner ); Kakansa shi ne firist-dan siyasar Jamus Georg Ratzinger . Iyalin mahaifiyarsa sun fito ne daga Kudancin Tyrol (yanzu a Italiya).  Babban ɗan'uwan Benedict, Georg, ya zama limamin Katolika kuma shi ne tsohon darektan ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Regensburger Domspatzen .  'Yar'uwarsa, Maria, wadda ba ta taɓa yin aure ba, ta kula da gidan ɗan'uwanta Yusufu har sai ta mutu a 1991. 

A lokacin da yake da shekaru biyar, Ratzinger ya kasance a cikin ƙungiyar yara waɗanda suka yi maraba da ziyarar Cardinal Archbishop na Munich, Michael von Faulhaber, tare da furanni. An buge shi da rigar musamman na Cardinal, sai ya sanar a ranar cewa yana son zama Cardinal. Ya halarci makarantar firamare a Aschau am Inn, wanda aka canza masa suna a cikin 2009.  A cikin 1939, yana da shekaru 12, ya shiga cikin ƙaramin makarantar hauza a Traunstein .  Wannan lokacin ya kasance har zuwa lokacin da aka rufe makarantar hauza don aikin soja a 1942, kuma an mayar da daliban gida. Ratzinger ya koma Traunstein. 

## Lokacin yaƙi da nadawa

Iyalin Ratzinger, musamman mahaifinsa, sun ji haushin Nazis sosai, kuma hamayyar mahaifinsa ga Naziism ya haifar da raguwa da cin zarafi ga iyalin.  Bayan haihuwarsa ta 14 a shekara ta 1941, Ratzinger ya shiga cikin Matasa na Hitler —kamar yadda doka ta buƙaci zama memba ga dukan ’ya’yan Jamus maza ’yan shekara 14 bayan Maris 1939  —amma memba ne mara ƙwazo da ya ƙi halartar taro, in ji dan uwansa.  A cikin 1941, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwan Ratzinger, yaro ɗan shekara 14 da Down syndrome, gwamnatin Nazi ta ɗauke shi kuma aka kashe shi a lokacin yaƙin *[[Farashin T4|Aktion T4]]* na Nazi eugenics .  A cikin 1943, yayin da yake cikin makarantar hauza, an sanya shi cikin ƙungiyar yaƙi da jiragen sama na Jamus a matsayin Luftwaffenhelfer .  Daga nan sai Ratzinger ya samu horo a cikin rundunar sojojin Jamus.  Yayin da ƙungiyar Allied ta gabatowa kusa da mukaminsa a cikin 1945, ya koma gidan danginsa a Traunstein bayan ƙungiyarsa ta daina wanzuwa, kamar yadda sojojin Amurka suka kafa hedkwatar gidan Ratzinger.  A matsayinsa na sojan Jamus, an shigar da shi fursunoni a sansanonin yaƙi na Amurka, na farko a Neu-Ulm, sannan a Fliegerhorst Bad Aibling (nan da nan za a sake mayar da shi azaman tashar Bad Aibling ) inda yake a lokacin Nasara a Ranar Turai, kuma an sake shi. 19 ga Yuni 1945.  

## Manazarta