Tauye hakkin matasa

**Balaga** ita ce son zuciya ko son zuciya ga yara ko matasa. An bayyana shi a matsayin "ƙarfin da manya ke da yara", ko cin zarafi da shi, da kuma "ƙiyayya da rakiyar nuna wariya ga matasa", da "ƙauna ga manya ... da kuma jarabar zamantakewa ga manya, gami da ra'ayoyinsu, ayyukansu, da halayensu". Ana iya la'akari da shi wani ƙaramin nau'in shekaru, ko son zuciya da wariya saboda shekaru gabaɗaya.

An ce wannan lamarin yana shafar iyalai, makarantu, tsarin adalci da tattalin arziki, baya ga sauran bangarorin al'umma. Ana ɗaukar tasirinsa a matsayin mara kyau, sai dai a cikin lamuran da suka shafi kariya ga yara da kwangilar zamantakewa mai wuce gona da iri. Ƙarin nazarin balagagge ya faru kwanan nan a fagen ilimi, ilimin halin ɗan adam, haɗin gwiwar jama'a, ilimi mafi girma da ƙari, tare da gudunmawa daga Turai, Arewacin Amirka da Kudancin Amirka.

## Ma'anoni da kalmomi

### Asalin
A cewar wani marubuci, "kalmar 'adultism' ana amfani da ita iri-iri tun aƙalla shekarun 1840, lokacin da aka yi amfani da ita wajen kwatanta halayen dabbar da ta girma da sauri fiye da yadda ake tsammani."

A Faransa a cikin 1930s, an yi amfani da wannan kalmar don wani maudu'i daban-daban, marubucin yana kwatanta yanayin da yaro ya mallaki manya-kamar "jiki da ruhu":

Yaro mai shekaru 12 da yarinya 13 wanda ke da ruhi da halayen manya.... An sanya su a cibiyoyin saboda sata da karuwanci. Wadannan nau'o'in precocity suna haifar da mutum cikin matsaloli kuma ya kamata a gane shi tun farkon ci gaban mutum.

Wannan amfani da kalmar a cikin 1930s a Faransa an maye gurbinsa da ƙarshen 1970s na mujallar Amurka da ke ba da shawara cewa balagagge shine cin zarafin ikon da manya ke da yara. Marubucin ya bayyana misalai ba kawai a cikin iyaye ba har ma a cikin malamai, masu ilimin halin dan Adam, malamai, 'yan sanda, alƙalai, da juri.

### Amfani
John Bell a cikin 1995 ya bayyana balagagge a matsayin "halaye da halaye bisa tunanin cewa manya sun fi matasa, kuma suna da damar yin aiki da matasa ba tare da yarjejeniya ba". Adam Fletcher a cikin 2016 ya kira shi "jaraba ga halaye, ra'ayoyi, imani, da ayyukan manya." Ana amfani da manya don bayyana duk wani wariya ga matasa kuma a wasu lokuta ana bambanta shi da shekaru, wanda kawai son rai ne a kan dalilan shekaru, ko da yake yawanci yana nufin kyama ga tsofaffi, ba musamman ga matasa ba. An ba da shawarar cewa balaga, wanda ke da alaƙa da ra'ayi na kai wanda ke yin ciniki a kan ƙin yarda da kuma cire batun yara, ya kasance koyaushe a cikin al'adun Yammacin Turai.

Fletcher yana nuna cewa girma yana da manyan maganganu guda uku a cikin al'umma:

Balaga na dabi'a: Ji, zato, da imani waɗanda ke haifar da halayen mutum game da samari. Wannan kuma ana kiransa girma na cikin gida.

Balaga na al'ada: Halayen da aka raba, ciki har da imani da al'adu, inganta tunanin cewa manya sun fi duk wanda ba a san shi ba a matsayin babba, kawai saboda shekarunsa. Wannan kuma ana kiransa da girma na zamantakewa.

Balagaggen Tsari: Daidaitawa da halalta abubuwan tarihi, al'adu, cibiyoyi, da kuma ƙungiyoyin jama'a waɗanda ke cin gajiyar manya akai-akai yayin samar da sakamako na tarawa da na yau da kullun ga matasa. Wannan kuma ana kiransa da girma na hukuma.

Wani bincike da Cibiyar Rigakafin Rikicin Rikici ta yi kan yawaitar balagaggu ya gano ƙara yawan ƙungiyoyin samari na cikin gida da ke magance matsalar.[13] Alal misali, wani shiri na gida (Youth Together) a Oakland, California, ya bayyana tasirin balagagge, wanda "yana hana ci gaban matasa, musamman, girman kansu da kimar kansu, ikon samar da kyakkyawar dangantaka da manya masu kulawa, ko ma ganin manya a matsayin abokan tarayya", a kan gidan yanar gizon su.

An yi amfani da balagaggu wajen kwatanta zaluncin da manya suke yi wa yara da matasa, wanda ake ganin suna da karfin iko a rayuwar matasa kamar wariyar launin fata da jima'i. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin wannan ma'anar shi ne ƙaddamarwa na uba, yana kwatanta ƙarfin dukan manya maimakon maza kawai, kuma yana iya zama shaida a cikin jarirai na yara da matasa. Pedophobia (tsoron yara) da ephebiphobia (tsoron samartaka) an gabatar da su a matsayin abubuwan da suka rigaya zuwa ga girma.

## Manazarta