Parmenion

Parmenion (kuma Parmenio ; Greek  ; c. 400 – 330 BC), ɗan Philotas, babban ɗan ƙasar Makidoniya ne a hidimar Philip II na Makidoniya da Alexander the Great . [1] [2] Wani mutum mai daraja, Parmenion ya tashi ya zama babban hafsan soji na Philip da dabarun Alexander ( jarar soja). An kashe shi ne bayan da aka yanke wa dansa Philotas hukunci kan zargin cin amanar kasa . [3] [4] 'Yan uwansa Asander da Agathon kuma za su zama fitattun mambobi na Alexander's Makidoniya. [5] [6]

## Aikin soja ga Philip II
A lokacin mulkin Philip II, Parmenion ya sami babban nasara a kan Illyrians a 356 BC.  Shekaru goma bayan haka, Parmenion ya lalata garin Halos na kudancin Tasaliya. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin wakilai na Makidoniya da aka naɗa don kammala zaman lafiya da Athens a cikin 346 BC, kuma an aika shi tare da sojoji don kula da tasirin Makidoniya a Euboea a cikin 342 BC. 

A cikin 336 BC, Phillip II ya aika da Parmenion, tare da Amyntas, Andromenes da Attalus, da kuma sojoji 10,000 zuwa cikin Anatoliya don yin shiri don 'yantar da Helenawa da ke zaune a bakin teku na yamma da tsibirin daga mulkin Farisa. Da farko, komai yayi kyau. Garuruwan Girka da ke yammacin gabar tekun Anatoliya sun yi tawaye har sai da labarin ya zo cewa an kashe Filibus kuma ɗansa Alexander ne ya gaje shi. An kashe mutanen Makidoniya saboda mutuwar Filibus kuma daga baya Farisa ta ci nasara a kusa da Magnesiya a ƙarƙashin umurnin Memnon na Rhodes .

## Aikin soja ga Alexander
Ko da yake an gane Alexander a matsayin sarki a Makidoniya a watan Oktoba 336 BC, Attalus, janar a rundunar Parmenion ya yi adawa da hawansa. A cikin martani, Parmenion ya kashe janar din duk da cewa Parmenion ya kasance surukin Attalus.  Duk da haka, Parmenion ya gane cewa wannan ya zama dole idan Alexander ya gaje shi ya kasance mai santsi. A sakamakon haka, Alexander ya kasance a cikin bashin Parmenion musamman ganin cewa Parmenion shi ne mafi yawan gogaggen janar dinsa kuma ya umarci babban sojoji. 

A sakamakon haka, Alexander ya sanya da yawa daga cikin dangin Parmenion a manyan mukamai a cikin sojojin Makidoniya.  Ɗan ƙaraminsa Nikanor ya zama kwamandan rundunar sojojin da aka fi sani da masu ɗaukar Garkuwa, surukinsa Coenus ya ba da umurni ga bataliyar phalanx yayin da wani ɗan’uwa mai suna Nikanor ya zama babban hafsan sojojin ruwa wanda ya ƙunshi abokan haɗin gwiwar Macedonia-Girkanci.  Abokin Parmenion Amyntas da ɗan'uwansa Asander an sanya su a manyan mukamai. Babban ɗan Parmenion, Philotas, shi ne ya zama kwamandan sojojin dawakai na Sahabbai, rukunin mahayan dawakai 1,800 wanda shine makamin da ya fi dacewa da Makidoniya a yaƙe-yaƙensa. Parmenion ya zama na biyu na Alexander, matsayin da ya yi a karkashin Philip.

## Kamfe da Daular Farisa
A shekara ta 334 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, Alexander ya shiga Parmenion a Anatolia tare da ƙarin sojoji, don haka ya fara yaƙin Alexander da Farisa. A lokacin manyan yaƙe-yaƙe da suka biyo baya, Parmenion ya jagoranci ɓangaren hagu yayin da Alexander da kansa ya jagoranci ɓangaren dama.   

A halin yanzu, sarakunan Farisa na Kilicia, Lidiya, Hellespontine Phrygia da sauran yankuna sun taru a Zelea, kusa da Dascylium. Sojojin biyu sun hadu a kusa da kogin Granicus. Yawancin kafofin da suka yarda cewa Parmenion ya shawarci Alexander kada ya kai hari kuma ra'ayin Alexander ne ya kai hari a lokaci daya.

An ce Parmenion ya yi aiki a matsayin cikas ga sabbin dabarun kwamandansa, ta hanyar ƙwararrun tsara dabarun koyarwa. Alal misali, a cewar Arrian 's *Anabasis na Alexander*, a yakin Granicus, Parmenion ya ba da shawarar jinkirta kafin harin, kamar yadda sojojin suka riga sun yi tafiya a duk rana, suna gabatar da hanya mai hankali kuma sau da yawa yakan haifar da watsi da Sarki. Iskandari ya kai hari a ƙetaren kogin ba tare da la’akari da wannan shawarar ba kuma ya sami nasara duk da haka;  duk da haka, Diodorus Siculus ya saba wa Arrian ta hanyar bayyana a fili cewa Alexander ya yarda da shawarar. An yi nuni da cewa, da farko an yi wa Girikawa baya, sannan suka yi wa Farisa tattaki, suka haye kogin da dare. Wannan ya sa sojojin dawakan Farisa suka fara shiga filin daga washegari da safe, inda suka kafa kashi daki-daki, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a cikin kididdigar tun lokacin. A kowane hali, duk da cewa mutanen Makidoniya sun yi nasara a yaƙin gabaɗaya, hasarar da Iskandari ya yi kusa da shi a lokacin yaƙin na iya haifar da fushin ɗan saurayin Alexander, domin ya ci gaba da taka tsantsan cikin watanni shida masu zuwa sa’ad da ya ‘yantar da garuruwan Girka a Asiya. Ƙananan, da kuma cewa bebe na tashin hankali ya fi dacewa da rashin nasara a kusa.

Bayan yaƙin, Parmenion ya kama Dascylium mai ƙarfi na Farisa, babban birnin Hellespontine Phrygia. Daga baya, ya kama Magnesia da Tralleis. An ba ɗan’uwansa Asander alhakin mulkin Lidiya.

A halin yanzu, Alexander ya 'yantar da garuruwan Girka a Anatoliya ciki har da Sardis, Afisa, Miletus da Halicarnassus . A lokacin hunturu na 334-333 BC, sarki ya ratsa ta Lycia. A lokaci guda kuma, Parmenion ya mamaye tsakiyar Anatoliya daga yamma, ya kori sauran sojojin Farisa tare da mamaye yankin.  Sojojin biyu sun gamu da juna a watan Afrilun shekara ta 333 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa a Gordium, babban birnin kasar Firijiya. Daga nan sai sojojin haɗin gwiwa suka ƙaura zuwa gabas zuwa Kilicia inda Parmenion ya ci birnin Tarsus .

Alexander ya shirya ya kai wa Darius hari a filayen Sochi. Duk da haka Sarkin Farisa tare da manyan sojojinsa sun haye tsaunin Amanus, suka kama Issus sannan suka yanke layin Makidoniya daya tilo. An gwabza tsakanin dakarun biyu a kudancin Issus a watan Nuwamba shekara ta 333 BC. Mutanen Makidoniya sun yi nasara duk da sojojin Farisa sun fi girma, musamman saboda Parmenion ya iya magance harin Farisa. Hakan ya bai wa Alexander damar kaddamar da farmaki.

An bayyana cewa Parmenion ya ba da shawarar kai hari da daddare a shekara ta 331 K.Z. a kan rundunar da Darius ya taru a Yaƙin Gaugamela, wanda Alexander ya ɗauka a matsayin shaida cewa Darius zai ci gaba da tsare sojojinsa cikin dare kuma ya bai wa Makidoniyawa wasu fa'ida idan suka ya huta don yaƙi da rana. A lokacin yakin, Parmenion ya jagoranci Pezhetairos a gefen hagu wanda ya ji rauni ta hanyar budewar da Alexander ya yi da sauri tare da sojan doki .  A cikin Plutarch's Parallel Lives an kara nuna cewa tserewar Darius ya kasance ne saboda jagorancin Parmenion "sluggish da rashin tasiri" , ko ma cewa yana kishin nasarar Alexander.

Parmenion zai ci gaba da zama babban tasiri da kwamanda har zuwa cin nasara na Babila . Tsayawan umarni na hannun hagu yana da mahimmanci a cikin gabaɗayan makircin Makidoniya da falsafar yaƙi, wanda ya ba wa sarki damar bugun ƙwaƙƙwaran. 

## Kashewa
Bayan cin nasarar Drangiana, an sanar da Alexander cewa Filotas, ɗan Parmenion, yana da hannu a cikin makircin da aka yi wa rayuwarsa. Sojoji sun hukunta Philotas kuma sun kashe shi. Alexander, yana tsoron sakamakon idan ya bar mahaifin ya rayu, ya aika da umarni ga Media don kisan Parmenion. Babu wata hujja cewa Parmenion yana da hannu a cikin makircin, amma ba a ba shi damar kare kansa ba. A cikin tsaron Alexander, Parmenion wanda bai gamsu ba zai kasance babbar barazana, musamman tun lokacin da yake umurni da sojojin kansa, na biyu a cikin daraja kawai ga Alexander, kuma an ajiye shi kusa da baitulmalin Alexander da kuma kan layin wadata. Har ila yau, a matsayin shugaban iyalin Philotas, Parmenion zai kasance da alhakin ayyukansa, duk da rashin shaidar da ke haɗa su da shi. Saboda haka Alexander ya yi sauri kuma ya aika Cleander da Sitalces a kan raƙuma masu tsere a fadin hamada ta hanyar hanyar da za a iya kashe Parmenion. Kafin labarin ya kai Parmenion na umarnin Alexander, jami'an biyu sun isa suka soke Parmenion har ya mutu. 

Ɗan’uwansa Asander zai sha wahala a kotu na ɗan lokaci bayan haka amma daga baya zai sake samun suna a daular Alexander. 

## A cikin almara
Parmenion shine babban hali a cikin littattafan David Gemmell *Lion na Macedon* da *Dark Prince* . 

A cikin fim din 1956 *Alexander the Great*, wanda Robert Rossen ya jagoranta, dan wasan Irish Niall MacGinnis ya buga Parmenion. 

A cikin sigar talabijin ta 1961 na wasan kwaikwayo na Terence Rattin *Adventure Story*, William Devlin ne ya buga Parmenion. 

A cikin fim din 1999 *G2*, an nuna Parmenion a matsayin abokin hamayyar Mongol ga Alexander the Great's swordbearer, wanda ya sake reincarnates tare da na karshen a 2003 don warware rikici na shekaru dubu. 

A cikin fim din 2004 *Alexander*, wanda Oliver Stone ya jagoranci, Parmenion (wanda John Kavanagh ya buga) an kwatanta shi a matsayin kwamandan amintacce amma mai ra'ayin mazan jiya kuma yana da dan kadan. Fim ɗin ya kwatanta shi kamar yadda Cleitus Baƙar fata da Antigonus suka kashe shi bayan ya karanta wasiƙar da suka ba shi labarin kisan dansa (maimakon Cleander da Sitalces kafin ya fahimci hakan kamar yadda tarihi ya tabbata). 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Livius, Parmenion  ta Jona Lendering
* ''Anabasis Alexandri'' na Arrian na Nicomedia.
*  a Intanet Movie Database.