Cin hanci da rashawa a Chadi

**Cin hanci da rashawa a [[Cadi|Chadi]]** ana nuna shi ta hanyar nepotism da cronyism. Chadi ta sami maki 21 a cikin Ƙididdigar Kula da Cin Hanci da rashawa ta Duniya ta 2024 a kan sikelin daga 0 ("mai cin hanci da rashi") zuwa 100 ("mai tsabta sosai"). Lokacin da aka tsara ta hanyar ci, Chadi ta kasance ta 158 a cikin kasashe 180 a cikin Index, inda ake ganin ƙasar da ta kasance ta farko tana da bangaren jama'a mafi gaskiya. Don kwatanta da ƙididdigar yanki, matsakaicin ƙididdiga tsakanin ƙasashen Afirka na kudu da Sahara  ya kasance 33. Mafi kyawun sakamako a yankin Sahara na Afirka ya kasance 72 kuma mafi munin sakamako ya kasance 8. Don kwatanta da ƙididdigar duniya, mafi kyawun ƙuri'a shine 90 (ranked 1), matsakaicin ƙuri'u shine 43, kuma mafi munin ƙuri'un shine 8 (ranked 180). 

## Tarihin cin hanci da rashawa a Chadi

### A lokacin gwamnatin Tombalbaye
François Tombalbaye shine shugaban farko na Chadi. An bayyana mulkinsa a matsayin alama ta mulkin kama karya, cin hanci da rashawa mai tsanani, da son kai. Cin hanci da rashawa ta hanyar cin zarafin haraji yana daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka haifar da Mubi Uprising, jerin rikice-rikicen da suka fara Yaƙin basasar Chadi.

### A zamanin Déby
Idriss Déby, Shugaban kasa daga 1990 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 2021,  an zarge shi da cin amana da kabilanci.  Shugabannin adawa na kasar Chadi da Human Rights Watch sun zargi Déby da Cin hanci da rashawa a zaben da yawa inda shi da jam'iyyarsa suka ci nasara ta hanyar rushewa. A shekara ta 2005, Chadi ta kasance ƙasa mafi cin hanci da rashawa a duniya (wanda aka haɗa da Bangladesh). 

## Cin hanci da rashawa a cibiyoyin gwamnati

### A cikin tsarin shari'a
A cewar Rahoton 'Yancin Dan Adam na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, tsarin shari'a na Chadi yana da tasiri sosai daga gwamnati, wanda ya sa jami'an gwamnati su ji daɗin rashin hukunci. Alƙalai waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin tabbatar da 'yancin shari'a suna fuskantar tsangwama kuma a wasu lokuta ana kore su. Kasuwanci sun ba da rahoton cewa sau da yawa suna biyan cin hanci don rinjayar yanke shawara na shari'a. Fararen hula na yau da kullun suna da ƙarancin amincewa da tsarin shari'a na ƙasarsu kuma suna ƙoƙarin gujewa shi.

### A cikin jami'an tsaro
A cewar Rahoton 'Yancin Dan Adam na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka cin hanci da rashawa ya fi yawa a cikin sojoji da' yan sanda na Chadi. Sojojin tsaro galibi suna shiga cikin karamin cin hanci da rashawa, tashin hankali, da cin hanci, wanda yawanci ba a hukunta shi ba. An bayar da rahoton shari'o'i da yawa na 'yan sanda na shari'a da ba su tilasta bin umarnin kotu a kan ma'aikatan soja da membobin kabilansu ba. Har ila yau, akwai rahotanni game da 'yan sanda da ke aikata laifuka a kan titi da kuma kama mutane ba bisa ka'ida ba, yawanci masu yawon bude ido na kasashen waje

A cikin shekara ta 2013, an gudanar da kariya ta yaki da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin rundunar 'yan sanda. Rikicin ya gano ci gaba ba bisa ka'ida ba da kuma daukar ma'aikata, rashin isasshen horo, son zuciya da sauran ayyukan cin hanci da rashawa. An kori ministoci biyu bayan murkushewar.

### A cikin ayyukan jama'a
cin hanci da rashawa a cikin ayyukan jama'a na Chadi ana nuna shi ta hanyar nepotism da cin hanci. Cin hanci ya zama ruwan dare a cikin ayyukan jama'a saboda ƙananan albashi na ma'aikatan gwamnati. Ayyukan jama'a da gwamnati ta gudanar sun soki kungiyoyin kasa da kasa saboda rashin nuna gaskiya da kuma hada da manyan matakan cin hanci da rashawa.

### A bangaren mai
Chadi ta zama mai samar da mai a shekara ta 2003. Don kauce wa la'anar albarkatu da cin hanci da rashawa, an yi shirye-shiryen da Bankin Duniya ya tallafawa. Wannan shirin ya tabbatar da nuna gaskiya a cikin biyan kuɗi, da kuma cewa kashi 80% na kuɗin daga fitar da mai za a kashe shi a bangarori biyar na ci gaban fifiko, biyu mafi mahimmanci daga cikin waɗannan sune: ilimi da kiwon lafiya. Koyaya, an fara karkatar da kuɗi zuwa ga sojoji har ma kafin yakin basasa ya ɓarke. A shekara ta 2006 lokacin da yakin basasa ya karu, Chadi ya watsar da tsare-tsaren tattalin arziki na baya wanda Bankin Duniya ya tallafawa kuma ya kara da "tsaron kasa" a matsayin bangaren ci gaba na farko. An yi amfani da kudi daga wannan bangare don inganta soja. A lokacin yakin basasa, an yi amfani da fiye da dala miliyan 600 don sayen Jiragen yaki, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da Masu dauke da makamai. A shekara ta 2005, wani bincike ya gano asarar kuɗi, kamar kwamfutoci da na'urorin bugawa da ake sayen a farashi mai yawa da kuma ayyukan gini daban-daban da ake biya amma ba a kammala su ba. A cewar Min'aikatar Bayyanawa ta Masana'antu, rashin nuna gaskiya a cikin ayyukan ababen more rayuwa da aka tallafawa da kudi daga bangaren mai da kuma gaskiyar cewa babu tsarin adana rikodin don saka idanu kan kwararar kudi daga bangarorin mai yana wakiltar babbar haɗarin cin hanci da rashawa.

## Kokarin yaki da cin hanci da rashawa
Chadi tana da ma'aikatar yaki da cin hanci da rashawa, wanda ake kira Ma'aikatun Da'a da Gudanarwa Mai Kyau. A shekara ta 2009, ma'aikatar ta yi wani shiri na dabarun yaki da cin hanci da rashawa, a cikin wannan shekarar yayin bincike kan jami'an gwamnati 10 ciki har da magajin garin N'Djamena da ministocin ministoci da yawa. An sauke tuhumar da aka yi musu a cikin 2010 saboda rashin shaidar.

A cikin 2012, gwamnatin Chadi ta kaddamar da Operation Cobra wanda ke da niyyar kara nuna gaskiya da kuma korar masu cin hanci da rashawa. Ya haifar da korar jami'ai 400 kuma bisa ga Ma'aikatar Ɗabi'a da Gudanarwa Mai Kyau, XAF biliyan 25 (kimanin Yuro miliyan 38) da za a dawo da su.

The Bertelsmann Transformation Index da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka sun bayyana kokarin yaki da cin hanci da rashawa na gwamnati a matsayin manufa ta siyasa kuma ana amfani da ita azaman hanyar kawar da adawar siyasa.

### zanga-zangar
Farawa a cikin 2014, an gudanar da zanga-zangar adawa da cin hanci da rashawa da mulkin mallaka na Shugaba Déby a N'Djamena. Ya zuwa 2020, zanga-zangar ba ta yi nasara ba.

## Bayani