Juyin juya halin bakan gizo

Tunanin **juyin juya halin bakan gizo** (**BSR**), wanda Kent Flannery ya gabatar a cikin takarda ta 1968 da aka gabatar a taron koli na Jami'ar London,  ya ba da shawarar cewa fitowar Neolithic a kudu maso yammacin Asiya ta fara ne ta hanyar karuwar faɗin abinci tsakanin al'ummomin neman abinci. Juyin juya halin bakan gizo ya biyo bayan shekarun kankara na baya-bayan nan a kusa da 15,000 BP a Gabas ta Tsakiya da 12,000 BP a Turai. A wannan lokacin, an sami canji daga mai da hankali kan wasu manyan hanyoyin abinci zuwa tattara / farauta "babban bakan" na tsire-tsire da dabbobi.

## Bayani game da ra'ayi
An yi amfani da ra'ayin Flannery don taimakawa wajen bayyana karɓar aikin gona a cikin Juyin Juya Halin Neolithic . Ba tare da sha'awar "bayani mai sauƙi na canjin muhalli na prehistoric ba"  Flannery ya ba da shawarar (biye da tsarin daidaituwa na Lewis Binford) cewa ci gaban yawan jama'a a cikin wuraren zama mafi kyau ya haifar da matsin lamba a cikin wuraren da ke kusa da su yayin da kungiyoyin 'ya'ya mata suka yi ƙaura. Binciken ƙarin abinci a cikin waɗannan wuraren zama na gefe ya tilasta masu neman abinci su bambanta nau'ikan tushen abinci da aka girbe, fadada tushen abinci a waje don haɗawa da ƙarin kifi, ƙananan wasa, tsuntsaye na ruwa, invertebrates (kamar kwari da shellfish), da kuma abubuwan da aka yi watsi da su a baya ko tushen shuke-shuke. Mafi mahimmanci, Flannery ya yi jayayya cewa buƙatar ƙarin abinci a cikin waɗannan mahalli na gefe ya haifar da noman wasu nau'ikan shuke-shuke, musamman hatsi. A cikin mafi kyawun mazauna, waɗannan tsire-tsire sun girma a cikin ɗakunan da suka dace, amma suna buƙatar sa hannun ɗan adam don a girbe su yadda ya kamata a yankuna masu iyaka. Don haka, juyin juya halin da ya faru ya kafa mataki don domestication da haɓaka aikin gona na dindindin.

### Halaye
BSR na iya bayyana a matsayin karuwar nau'ikan albarkatun abinci da daidaito a cikin amfani da ganima mai mahimmanci da ƙananan. A karkashin tattalin arzikin bakan gizo mai yawa za a haɗa adadi mafi girma na ganima mai ƙarancin ƙima (watau tsada mai tsada zuwa fa'ida) saboda babu isasshen ganima mai daraja don gamsar da bukatun jama'a. Dangane da tsire-tsire, ana sa ran cewa kayan abinci da aka yi watsi da su saboda wahalar cirewa yanzu an haɗa su cikin abinci. Dangane da fauna, dabba da aka yi la'akari da ita a baya a matsayin rashin amfani da albarkatu (musamman ƙananan, dabbobi masu saurin gudu ko kifi) yanzu na iya zama mai daraja. A wasu kalmomi, karuwar karancin ya sanya karin kokarin da ake bukata don rayuwa.

A Gabas ta Tsakiya, juyin juya halin bakan gizo ya haifar da karuwar samar da abinci. Girma da haihuwar wasu tsire-tsire da dabbobi sun zama sananne sosai. Saboda manyan dabbobi sun zama da ƙarancin gaske, mutane dole ne su sami sabbin albarkatun abinci da kayan aiki a wasu wurare. Sha'awar ta mayar da hankali ga karamin wasa kamar kifi, zomo, da kifi saboda yawan haihuwar kananan dabbobi ya fi na manyan dabbobi.

### Ƙarfafawa
Abin da aka fi yarda da shi ga BSR shine matsin lamba a kan wuri mai faɗi, wanda a ƙarƙashin abin da ake amfani da albarkatun ke nufin ƙarancin abinci da aka ƙuntata ga ganima mai ƙima ba zai iya ciyar da yawan jama'a ba.

An kuma danganta juyin juya halin da ya faru da sauye-sauyen yanayi, gami da hauhawar matakin teku a lokacin da:

# Yanayi ya zama mafi gayyatar rayukan ruwa a bakin teku a cikin ruwa mai zurfi, mai dumi.
# Adadin da iri-iri na rayuwar ruwa sun karu sosai kamar yadda yawan nau'ikan da za a iya cinyewa suka yi.
# Saboda ikon koguna ya raunana tare da hauhawar ruwa, raƙuman ruwa da ke gudana cikin teku sun yi jinkiri don ba da damar salmon da sauran kifaye su hau sama don haifar.
# Tsuntsaye sun sami mafaka kusa da kogin a cikin ciyawa sannan suka ci gaba da ƙaura a duk faɗin Turai a lokacin hunturu.