open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Jerin girgizar ƙasa a cikin 2024

Wannan jerin jerin girgizar ƙasa ne a cikin 2024. Girgizar ƙasa mai girma 6 ko sama ne kawai an haɗa su, sai dai idan sun haifar da babbar lalacewa da / ko asarar rayuka.  An jera duk ranaku bisa ga lokacin UTC.  Matsakaicin ƙarfin yana dogara ne akan ma'aunin ƙarfin Mercalli Modified.  Girman girgizar kasa yana dogara ne akan bayanai daga USGS.

Ayyukan girgizar ƙasa a cikin shekara ta 2024 ya yi ƙasa da sauran karni na 21, tare da girgizar ƙasa 99 kawai ta wuce ma'auni shida, mafi ƙanƙanta tun 1982. Har ila yau, babu girgizar ƙasa da ta wuce ≥M8 a shekara ta uku a jere.  A duk shekara, girgizar kasa ta kashe mutane 703;  akasarin mutanen da suka mutu na da nasaba da girgizar kasa mai karfin awo 7.5 da ta afku a yammacin gabar tekun Honshu a kasar Japan.  Har ila yau, wannan lamari ne mafi karfi a wannan shekara kuma mafi muni a kasar tun shekarar 2011. Wasu fitattun girgizar kasar sun faru a kasashen Taiwan, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Sin, Amurka da Vanuatu.

## Idan aka kwatanta da sauran shekaru

## Ta hanyar yawan wadanda suka mutu

An lissafa girgizar ƙasa tare da akalla mutane 10 da suka mutu.

## Ta hanyar girman

An lissafa girgizar ƙasa tare da akalla 7.0 magnitude.

## Ta wata

### Janairu
 

### Fabrairu
 

### Maris

### Afrilu

### Mayu

### Yuni

### Yuli

### Agusta
 

### Satumba

### Oktoba

### Disamba
Babban Cheley Peak

**Cif Cheley Peak** babban taro ne na tsaunuka a Arewacin Gabar Gaba na Dutsen Rocky na Arewacin Amurka .  kololuwa yana cikin Dutsen Dutsen National Park Wilderness,  yamma ( mai ɗauke da 267°) na Garin Estes Park, Colorado, Amurka, akan Rarraba Nahiyar tsakanin Lardunan Grand da Larimer.    

An nada Cif Cheley Peak don Frank Cheley, malami a waje . 

## Yanayi
Bisa ga tsarin rarraba yanayi na Köppen, dutsen yana cikin yankin yanayi mai tsaunuka mai tsayi tare da sanyi, lokacin sanyi, da sanyi ga lokacin zafi.  Saboda tsayinsa, yana samun hazo duk shekara, kamar dusar ƙanƙara a lokacin sanyi da kuma kamar tsawa a lokacin rani, tare da lokacin bushewa a ƙarshen bazara.

## Manazarta
Dutsen Wheeler

**Wheeler Mountain** yana da  taron a Summit County, Colorado, Amurka.

## Bayani
An saita Dutsen Wheeler akan Rarraba Nahiyar  yamma-arewa maso yamma na Hoosier Pass . Yana daga cikin Yankin Sauro wanda wani yanki ne na Dutsen Dutse . Yana matsayi a matsayin kololuwa na 150th a Colorado.  Taron yana cikin gundumar Summit, duk da haka kudu maso yamma da gangaren kudu maso gabas suna kwance a cikin yankunan Lake da Park, bi da bi. Dutsen yana da  kudu-maso-yamma na al'ummar Breckenridge a kan ƙasa da Arapaho National Forest da Pike National Forest ke gudanarwa. Ruwan hazo daga gangaren yammacin dutsen ya shiga cikin Clinton Creek; gangaren kudu maso gabas yana magudawa zuwa tafkin Wheeler daga can zuwa tsakiyar Fork South Platte River ; sannan gangaren arewa maso gabas ta ratsa zuwa kogin Blue ta hanyar Monte Cristo Creek. Taimakon Topographic yana da mahimmanci yayin da taron ya tashi  sama da Clinton Creek a cikin mil ɗaya da rabi (kilomita 0.80). Hukumar Kula da Sunayen Geographic ta Amurka ta karɓi sunan dutsen a hukumance. 

## Yanayi
Dangane da tsarin rarraba yanayi na Köppen, Dutsen Wheeler yana cikin yankin yanayi mai tsaunuka mai tsayi tare da sanyi, lokacin sanyi, da sanyi ga lokacin zafi.  Saboda tsayinsa, yana samun hazo duk shekara, kamar dusar ƙanƙara a lokacin sanyi, da kuma kamar tsawa a lokacin rani, tare da lokacin bushewa a ƙarshen bazara.

## Manazarta
Dutsen Kotun

**Dutsen Courthouse** babban koli ne  wanda ke kan iyakar Hinsdale County tare da gundumar Ouray, a kudu maso yammacin Colorado, Amurka.  Yana zaune 10.5&nbsp;mil gabas da al'ummar Ridgway, da kudu da Owl Creek Pass, a cikin jejin Uncompahgre, a ƙasar da Uncompahgre National Forest ke gudanarwa. Yana daga cikin tsaunukan San Juan waɗanda yanki ne na Dutsen Rocky, kuma yana yamma da Rarraba Nahiyar . Taimakon Topographic yana da mahimmanci yayin da bangaren gabas ya tashi kusan  sama da Kogin Fork Cimarron na Yamma a cikin kusan mil ɗaya, kuma ana iya ganin ficewar sa daga Babbar Hanya 550 kusa da Ridgway. Sunan dutsen, wanda Hukumar Amurka ta amince da shi akan Sunayen Geographic, ana amfani dashi kafin 1906 lokacin da Henry Gannett ya buga shi a cikin *Gazetteer na Colorado* .  

## Yanayi
Bisa ga tsarin rarraba yanayi na Köppen, Dutsen Courthouse yana cikin yankin yanayi mai tsaunuka mai tsayi tare da sanyi, lokacin sanyi, da sanyi zuwa lokacin zafi.  Saboda tsayinsa, yana samun hazo duk shekara, kamar dusar ƙanƙara a lokacin sanyi, da kuma kamar tsawa a lokacin rani, tare da lokacin bushewa a ƙarshen bazara. Ruwan hazo daga gabas na dutsen yana magudanar ruwa zuwa magudanan ruwa na kogin Cimarron, kuma daga yamma zuwa kogin Uncompahgre ta hanyar Cow Creek .

## Manazarta
Victoria Peak (California)

**Victoria Peak** dutse ne mai tsayin koli na  yana cikin kewayon tsaunin Sierra Nevada, a cikin gundumar Mono ta arewacin California, Amurka.  An shirya taron ne a cikin daji na Hoover a ƙasar da Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest ke gudanarwa. Kololuwar tana kusan mil uku yamma-arewa maso yamma na Tafkunan Twin, mil uku arewa da Kettle Peak, mil 1.3 arewa maso gabas na Hunewill Peak, da mil ɗaya kudu maso yamma na layin iyayen Eagle Peak . Ruwan hazo daga wannan dutsen yana magudanar ruwa zuwa magudanan ruwa na Robinson da Buckeye Creeks, wadanda ke cikin kwaryar magudanar ruwa ta Walker River . Taimakon yanayi yana da mahimmanci yayin da taron ya tashi sama da  sama da Robinson Creek a cikin kusan  . Hawan farko na taron an yi shi ne a ranar 8 ga Satumba, 1946, ta AJ Reyman. 

## Yanayi
Bisa ga tsarin rarraba yanayi na Köppen, Victoria Peak yana cikin yankin yanayi mai tsayi .  Mafi yawan yanayin yanayi sun samo asali ne daga Tekun Pasifik, kuma suna tafiya gabas zuwa tsaunukan Saliyo. Yayin da gabas ta gabato, kololuwar kan tilasta su zuwa sama, yana haifar da danshi a cikin nau'in ruwan sama ko dusar ƙanƙara don faɗowa kan kewayon ( ɗaga orographic ).

## Gallery

Fayil:Victoria_Peak,_California.jpg|alt=Victoria Peak, from Little Slide Canyon| Victoria Peak, daga Little Slide Canyon
Fayil:Hunewill,_Victoria,_Eagle.jpg|alt=Hunewill Peak (left), Victoria Peak (center), Eagle Peak (right).View looking north from The Incredible Hulk.| Hunewill Peak (hagu), Victoria Peak (tsakiyar), Mikiya Peak (dama). Duba kallon arewa daga The Incredible Hulk .
Fayil:Victoria_Peak_(right).jpg|alt=Victoria Peak on the right, darker color.| Victoria Peak a dama, launi mai duhu.
Fayil:Victoria_Peak_(California).jpg
Fayil:Victoria_Peak,_south.jpg
Fayil:Valley_Above_Barney_Lake.jpg|alt=Southwest aspect| Bangaren Kudu maso Yamma


## Manazarta
Dutsen Audubon

**Dutsen Audubon** babban koli ne na tsaunuka na kololuwar Indiya a Arewacin Gabar Gaban Dutsen Rocky na Arewacin Amurka .  goma sha uku yana cikin Kogin Indiya kololuwar daji na Roosevelt National Forest,  yamma-arewa maso yamma ( mai ɗauke da 287°) na Garin Ward a cikin Boulder County, Colorado, Amurka.   An sanya sunan dutsen ne don girmama John James Audubon .

 

## Manazarta
Tower Peak (California)

**Hasumiyar Peak** dutse ne a cikin Saliyo Nevada na Mono da Tuolumne County, California .

A kudancin babban taron shine Yosemite National Park kuma a arewa akwai jejin Hoover . Mary Lake yana yamma, Ehrnbeck Peak da Hawksbeak Peak zuwa gabas. A kudu akwai Wells Peak da Craig Peak . Dutsen da ke gaba shine Eagle Peak, kusan 8&nbsp;mi gabas-arewa maso gabas. 

## Yanayi
Hasumiyar Peak yana cikin yankin yanayi mai tsayi.  Mafi yawan yanayin yanayi sun samo asali ne daga Tekun Pasifik, kuma suna tafiya gabas zuwa tsaunukan Saliyo. Yayin da gabas ta gabatowa, kololuwar kololuwa na tilasta su zuwa sama ( orographic lift ), yana sa su sauke danshinsu a cikin nau'in ruwan sama ko dusar ƙanƙara a kan kewayon.

## Manazarta
Dutsen Tunnabora

**Tunnabora Peak** babban koli ne  wanda ke kan iyakar tsaunin Sierra Nevada a California .  Yana kan iyakar gama gari na gundumar Tulare tare da gundumar Inyo, da kuma iyakar Sequoia National Park da John Muir Wilderness . An saita shi sama da gabar arewa na tafkin Tulainyo,  yamma da al'ummar Lone Pine,  arewa-maso-gabas na Dutsen Whitney, da  arewa maso yamma na Dutsen Carillon . Tunnabora yana matsayi na 51 mafi girma a California.  Taimakon Topographic yana da mahimmanci yayin da yake tashi kusan  sama da tashar tashar Whitney a cikin kusan mil uku.

## Tarihi
An yi hawan farko na taron a watan Agusta 1905 ta George R. Davis, injiniyan topographic USGS.  Ma'aikatar Parking ta ƙaddamar da sunan kololuwa, kuma Hukumar {asar Amirka ta kar~a a hukumance a kan Sunayen Geographic a 1928.  Ƙididdiga na ƙa'idar ba shi da tabbas,  mai yiwuwa Shoshonean, yaren Mono . 

## Yanayi
Tunnabora Peak yana da yanayi mai tsayi .  Mafi yawan yanayin yanayi sun samo asali ne daga Tekun Pasifik, kuma suna tafiya gabas zuwa tsaunukan Saliyo. Yayin da gabas ta gabatowa, kololuwar kan tilasta su zuwa sama, yana sa su sauke damshinsu a matsayin ruwan sama ko dusar ƙanƙara a kan kewayon ( ɗaga orographic ). Ruwan hazo daga wannan dutse yana magudawa yamma zuwa Kogin Kern ta Wallace Creek, kuma gabas zuwa kwarin Owens ta George da Hogback Creeks.

## Gallery

Fayil:Tunnabora_Peak_from_Russell.jpg|alt=Tunnabora Peak from Mt. Russell| Tunnabora Peak daga Dutsen Russell
Fayil:Tunaiya_Lake.jpg|alt=Tunnabora summit to the left.Tulainyo Lake, with Mt. Carillon's subpeak "The Cleaver" to the right.| Tunnabora taron zuwa hagu. Tekun Tulainyo, tare da ƙaramar Dutsen Carillon "The Cleaver" zuwa dama.
Fayil:Sierra_Eastern_Front.jpg|alt=Eastern Sierra, with road pointed toward Tunnabora Peak| Saliyo ta Gabas, tare da titin da aka nuna zuwa Tunnabora Peak
Fayil:Panorama_of_Alabama_Hills.jpg|alt=Eastern Sierra, with Tunnabora Peak centered| Gabashin Saliyo, tare da Tunnabora Peak a tsakiya


## Manazarta
Jerin girgizar ƙasa a cikin 2021

Wannan jerin  girgizar kasa ne a shekarar 2021. Girgizar kasa mai girman maki 6 ko sama da haka ne kawai aka hada, sai dai idan sun yi barna da/ko jikkata, ko kuma sun shahara saboda wani dalili.  An jera duk ranaku bisa ga lokacin UTC.  Ana nuna mafi girman ƙarfi akan ma'aunin ƙarfin Mercalli.  Shekarar 2021 ta kasance lokaci mai matukar aiki don girgizar ƙasa ta duniya, tare da manyan girgizar ƙasa 19, waɗanda uku daga cikinsu sun haura 8.0, kuma shine mafi yawan girgizar ƙasa tun 2007. An sami asarar rayuka 2,476, tare da mafi yawan daga M 7.2 a Haiti.  An yi asarar rayuka a kowane wata na shekara.  Ayyukan girgizar kasa ya kasance mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin watan Yuni, yayin da watan Agusta ya kasance mafi yawan aiki kuma mafi muni.  Manyan al'amura kuma sun faru a Indonesia, Japan, China, Pakistan, Mexico da kuma Peru.  Girgizar kasa mai karfin M 7.3 a kasar Sin ita ce mafi muni a wannan shekara (MMI X, Extreme).  Girgizar kasa mai karfin awo 5.9 ta afku a birnin Victoria na kasar Australia a watan Satumba.

## Idan aka kwatanta da sauran shekaru

## Ta hanyar yawan wadanda suka mutu

An lissafa girgizar ƙasa tare da akalla mutane 10 da suka mutu.

## Ta hanyar girman

An lissafa girgizar ƙasa tare da akalla 7.0 magnitude.

## Ta wata

### Fabrairu
 

### Maris
 

### Afrilu

### Mayu

### Yuni
 

### Yuli

### Agusta

### Satumba

### Oktoba

### Nuwamba
 

### Disamba
Dutsen Wheel

**Wheel Mountain** babban taron tsaunuka ne  wanda ke yamma da babban tsaunin Saliyo Nevada, a gundumar Fresno ta tsakiyar California, Amurka.  Wannan dutsen yana kan Bakar Rarraba a Arewacin Sarakuna Canyon National Park, mil daya daga arewa maso yamma na Devils Crags, da mil biyu kudu maso kudu na Dutsen McDuffie, wanda shine makwabcin mafi kusa.  Dutsen Wheel yana matsayi na 216th-mafi girma taro a California,  da kuma na biyar-mafi girma a kan Black Divide.  Taimakon Topographic yana da mahimmanci yayin da bangaren yamma ya tashi  sama da Kwazazzaɓin Enchanted a cikin kusan mil 1.5, kuma ɓangaren gabas ya tashi 4,500&nbsp;ƙafafu sama da Le Conte Canyon a cikin mil 2.5. Hanyar zuwa wannan kololuwar nesa tana yiwuwa ta hanyar John Muir Trail .

## Tarihi
An yi hawan farko na taron ne ranar 26 ga Yuli, 1933, ta Lewis Clark, Marjory Bridge, John Poindexter, da John Cahill. Wannan rukunin ya kuma ba da sunansa bisa "tsari na musamman na babban taron, wanda ya ƙunshi manyan tudu guda huɗu masu haskakawa daga cibiya kamar na bakin dabaran."  Hukumar {asar Amirka ta kar~i sunan wannan dutse a hukumance akan Sunayen Geographic . 

## Yanayi
Wheel Mountain yana cikin yankin yanayi mai tsayi .  Mafi yawan yanayin yanayi sun samo asali ne daga Tekun Pasifik, kuma suna tafiya gabas zuwa tsaunukan Saliyo. Yayin da gabas ta gabatowa, kololuwar kan tilasta su zuwa sama, yana sa su sauke damshinsu a matsayin ruwan sama ko dusar ƙanƙara a kan kewayo ( ɗaga orographic ). Ruwan hazo daga wannan dutsen yana magudanar ruwa zuwa magudanan ruwa na Kogin Sarakuna na Tsakiya .

## Manazarta
Lamb Dome

**Lamb Dome Dome** Dome ne mai dutsen dutse, a cikin Tuolumne Meadows na Yosemite National Park . Yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan gidaje. 

Lamb Dome da Drug Dome sune biyu daga cikin wuraren da ba a san su ba a cikin Tuolumne Meadows, duk da kasancewar su kusa da hanya. Suna kawai yamma da mashahurin Daff Dome da Fairview Domes . Rago da Drug Dome suna gefe da juna.  

## Akan bayanan Lamb Dome Dome
Dukan Rago da Drug Domes suna ba da kusan rabin dozin dozin hanyoyin hawan dutse . Yawancin hawan kan Rago Dome yana kan fuskarsa ta arewa maso yamma.      

## Manazarta
Jerin fina-finai da ke nuna bautar

Fim ya kasance hanya mafi tasiri a gabatar da Tarihin Bauta ga jama'a. Masana'antar fina-finai ta Amurka tana da alaƙa mai  karfi da ƙangin bautar, kuma har zuwa shekarun da suka gabata sau da yawa suna guje wa batun bauta. Fim din kamar The Birth of a Nation (1915)  da Gone with the Wind (1939) sun zama masu kawo rikici saboda sun ba da kyakkyawar Misali kuma sun taimaka wajen canza Lost Cause Myth zuwa babban ra'ayi. A shekara ta 1940, The Santa Fe Trail ya nuna rushewa da suka  mai karfi game da hare-haren masu son kawar da kangin bauta John Brown .  Yunkurin kare hakkin bil'adama na Amurka a cikin shekarun 1950 ya sanya bayi masu tayar da kayar baya a matsayin jarumai.

Yawancin fina-finai na Hollywood sun yi amfani da tsarin zaman Amurka, kodayake  (1960)  ya yi ma'amala da nuna ainihin tawayen na bayi a Daular Romawa da aka sani da Yaƙin Bayi na Uku. Ya gaza, kuma an kashe dukkan 'yan tawaye, amma ruhun su ya ci gaba bisa ga fim din. *Abincin dare na ƙarshe* (La última cena a cikin Mutanen Espanya) fim ne na 1976 wanda Cuban Tomás Gutiérrez Alea ya jagoranta game da koyar da Kiristanci ga bayi a Cuba kuma ya jaddada rawar al'ada da tawaye. Fim din 1969 Burn! ya faru ne a tsibirin Queimada na Portuguese (inda mazauna yankin ke magana da Mutanen Espanya) kuma ya haɗu da abubuwan tarihi da suka faru a Brazil, Cuba, Santo Domingo, Jamaica, da sauran wurare.

## Jerin fina-finai
Wadannan wasanni kwaikwayon masu ban sha'awa da kuma shirye-shiryen da ke nuna bautar an jera su a cikin haruffan baƙaƙe(Don fina-finai da ke nuna aikin azabtarwa duba jerin da aka haɗa daga nan.)
Kayan maraƙi

Blanquette de veau (Faransa pronunciation: [blɑ̃kɛt də vo] i) nama ne na naman sa na Faransa. A cikin classic version na abincin ana dafa nama a cikin fararen kaya kuma ana ba da shi a cikin sauce velouté da aka wadata da cream da kwai. Yana daga cikin shahararrun abincin nama a Faransa.

## Ma'anar
Oxford Companion to Food ya bayyana "blanquette" a matsayin "faransanci kuma har zuwa wani matakin kalmar abinci ta duniya da ke nuna abincin farin nama (mai cin nama, kaji, har ma da ɗan rago) da aka yi a cikin farin sauce". A cikin Larousse Gastronomique, ma'anar Prosper Montagné ita ce "kalmar Faransanci don gurasar farin nama (mai cin nama, ɗan rago ko kaji) da aka dafa a cikin fararen kaya ko ruwa tare da dandano mai ƙanshi". 

Simone Beck, Louisette Bertholle da Julia Child a cikin Mastering the Art of French Cooking sun bayyana blanquette de veau, a matsayin "saki mai ƙauna sosai a Faransa ... sawun da aka dafa a cikin fararen kayan yaji ... wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin sauce velouté da aka yi daga kayan dafa abinci na sawun kuma an wadata shi da cream da kwai". A cikin 2007 Anne Willan ta rubuta cewa gidan talabijin na Faransa kwanan nan ya gudanar da wani zabe na abincin nama da aka fi so inda "Blanquette de veau ya kasance a cikin manyan biyar, tare da steak frites da gigot d'agneau [ƙafar ɗan rago]". 

## Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su
Sunan "blanquette" ya samo asali ne daga "blanc", kalmar Faransanci don fari, kuma akwai ra'ayi mai tsabta cewa fararen abincin shine mabuɗin, kuma bai kamata a haɗa kayan lambu masu launi kamar carot ba. A cikin kalmomin Anthony Bourdain:

A cikin tsofaffin girke-girke ana gasa naman sa kuma an ba shi izinin sanyi kafin a yanka shi ko a yanka, an rufe shi da farin sauce kuma a sake shi.[1] Kayan girke-girke na Eliza Acton na 1858 ya haɗa da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da aka yi da man shanu tare da Sauce Tournée (wanda ake kira velouté). [2] Akwai a wani Lokaci wasu tambayoyi game da yadda za a rarrabe blanquettes daga Fricasses. A cikin 1960 The Times ta yi sharhi:
 

## Bayanan kula, nassoshi da tushe
Jerin girgizar ƙasa na 2011-2020

Wadannan jerin manyan girgizar kasa ne na tsawon lokacin 2011-2020, suna lissafin girgizar kasa mai girman maki 7 da sama, ko kuma wadanda suka haddasa asarar rayuka.  An hada da mace-mace sakamakon girgizar kasa da ta haifar da tsunami.

Don lissafin girgizar asa ta ƙasa, wanda zai iya haɗawa da ƙanana da ƙananan al'amura masu lalacewa fiye da waɗanda aka jera a nan, duba Lissafin girgizar asa ta ƙasa. 

## 2012
 

## 2013

## 2014

## 2015

## 2016

## 2017

## 2018

## 2019

## 2020
Blue-capped puffleg

**Puffleg mai shuɗi** ( ***Eriocnemis glaucopoides*** ) nau'in hummingbird ne a cikin "masu haske", kabilar Heliantheini a cikin dangin Lesbiinae . Ana samunsa a Argentina da Bolivia .  

## Taxonomy da kuma tsarin
Puffleg mai shuɗi mai launin shuɗi yana ɗaya daga cikin . 

## Bayani
Puffleg mai shuɗi yana  tsayi kuma yana auna  ku. Yana da lissafin baƙar fata madaidaiciya. Namijin yana da ɓangarorin sama masu duhu kore tare da goshi mai duhu shuɗi mai kyalli. Ƙarƙashinsa galibi koren zinari ne, tare da ƙanƙara koren bluish koren ƙirji da ƙullun shuɗi mai shuɗi mai sheki. Kafarsa fari ne. Wutsiyar tana da tsayi, cokali mai yatsu, kuma shuɗi-baƙi. Sassan saman mace shima duhu kore ne amma ba ruwan goshi. Maƙogwaronsa, ƙirjinsa, da cikinsa suna da ɗanɗano mai haske na kirfa-buff kuma rufin wutsiya suna da gefuna ƙorafi. Wutsiya ta mace ba ta da zurfi sosai fiye da ta namiji. 

## Rarraba da wurin zama
Puffleg mai shuɗi mai shuɗi shine wakilcin kudu na jinsin sa. Ana samunsa daga sassan La Paz na Bolivia da Cochabamba kudu zuwa lardunan Salta da Tucumán na Argentina a arewa maso yammacin kasar. Gabaɗaya tana zaune cikin tudu mai ɗanɗano na ciyawa da ciyayi masu yawa da gefen dajin girgije . A Argentina kuma yana faruwa a cikin ɗan yanayin bushewa. A cikin girma yana daga  amma ya fi kowa a tsakanin  . 

## Hali

### Motsi
Puffleg mai launin shuɗi gabaɗaya yana zaune. Koyaya, an san shi yana yin motsi na haɓaka na yanayi a Argentina kuma ana zargin yin hakan a Bolivia. 

### Ciyarwa
Kusan babu wani abu da aka sani game da abinci ko halin ciyarwa mai launin shuɗi. An lura da shan nectar daga ƙananan tsire-tsire masu girma. 

### Kiwo
An rubuta puffleg mai launin shuɗi a cikin watan Nuwamba a Bolivia amma ba a san wani abu ba game da yanayin kiwo na nau'in. Matar tana damun ƙwai biyu amma ba a san lokacin shiryawa da lokacin ƙuruciya ba. 

### Murya
Ba a san furucin mai launin shuɗi ba. Tun daga farkon 2022, Xeno-canto da Laburaren Macaulay na Jami'ar Cornell kowanne yana da rikodi guda ɗaya. Iyakar bayanin furucin shine "mai girma 'zee-zee'". 

## Matsayi
Hukumar ta IUCN ta tantance makin mai shudi a matsayin wanda ya fi damuwa. Ko da yake ba a san yawan al'ummarta ba, an yi imanin cewa ba ta da kyau, kuma ba a gano takamaiman barazanar ba.  Ana la'akari da shi gabaɗaya don zama mai wuya amma a cikin gida kuma yana faruwa a wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa guda biyu a Argentina. 

## Manazarta
Ragout

**Ragout** (/ræˈɡuː/,  ragoût, Faransashi: []) stew ne da ake amfani da shi azaman babban abinci.

## Magana
Kalmar ta fito ne daga harshen Faransanci ragoûter, ma'ana 'don farfado da dandano'. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

== Shirye-shiryen ==
Hanyar da ake amfani da ita wajen shirya ta ƙunshi dafa abinci a hankali a kan zafi mai zafi. Babban sinadaran suna da yawa; ana iya shirya ragouts tare da ko ba tare da nama ba, ana iya haɗa kayan lambu iri-iri, kuma suna iya zama da ɗanɗano da ɗanɗanyoyi. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

## Misalan

Littafin dafa abinci na zamanin Roman *Apicius* ya haɗa da girke-girke don gurasar tare da nama. A cewar fassarar Patrick Faas, ya haɗa da ja" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Date palm">kwanakin, zuma, ruwan inabi, *[./&#x3C;i&#x20;id= garum]*" id="mwJg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Garum">garum (sauce na kifi), passum (abin zaki), da kayan yaji kamar albasa, mint, roast cumin, da kuma kwayar celery. Kayan girke-girke na *Apicius* yana ba da shawarar tafasa duk sinadaran sai dai ga naman Tsuntsu tare a cikin tukunya, ɗaure su da starch, kuma zuba cakuda a kan naman tsutsa da aka dafa, yayin da Faas, a cikin sake ginawa, ya gaya wa mai karatu ya fara yin roux tare da gari da man zaitun kuma ya kara passum, kayan yaji, zuma, ruwan inabi, da garum a cikin wani tsari, bayan haka mai karatu zai iya motsawa a cikin naman tsutsa, wanda ya ce za'a gasa shi ko a iya gasa.

Abinci biyu na Ingilishi na ƙarni na 18 daga The Complete Housewife  suna nuna wasu nau'ikan nama, kayan lambu, kayan yaji, kayan ado da hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su ga ragoût.

A cikin ƙamus na abinci na ƙarni na 19, Alexandre Dumas ya ba da gudummawa ga ragouts tare da yin "tsohon abincin Faransanci mai haske". Ya ba da misalai da yawa ciki har da salpicons, wanda aka yi da nama da kayan lambu iri-iri kamar ƙwayoyin cuta, artichokes, truffles, quenelles, da gurasa mai zaki. A cewar Dumas ana dafa kowane sinadarin daban. "Salpicon na yau da kullun" ya haɗa da gurasar saniya, ham, ƙwai, foie gras da truffles da aka yi amfani da su a cikin Sauce na Mutanen Espanya. Ana dafa ragout na celery a cikin bouillon da aka dafa da gishiri, Nutmeg da albasa. Ana yin burodi na cucumber tare da sauce na velouté. Ana yin ragout ɗaya tare da Madeira, chestnuts da Chipolata sausages da aka dafa a cikin bouillon tare da sauce espagnole.￼

## Manazarta
Gidan shakatawa na Jaisalmer

**Filin shakatawa na Jaisalmer Wind** shi ne na biyu mafi girma a Indiya a duniya, mafi girma na hudu mafi girma a cikin gonar iska a bakin teku.  Wannan aikin yana cikin gundumar Jaisalmer, Rajasthan, Yammacin Indiya .

## Tarihi
An fara aikin Jaisalmer Wind Park a shekara ta 2001. Gidan shakatawa na iska wanda Suzlon Energy ya ƙera kuma ya ƙunshi duka fayil ɗin iska na Suzlon - wanda ya fara daga farkon 350.&nbsp;kW samfurin zuwa sabuwar S9X - 2.1 MW jerin.  Ƙarfin da aka shigar da shi shine 1,064 MW, wanda ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma a duniya da ke aiki a kan tashar iska. 

A watan Afrilun 2012, ƙarfin da aka haɗa shi ya haye MW 1000 watau, 1 GW.  A 1064 MW, filin shakatawa ya zama mafi girma a cikin Indiya,  kuma daya daga cikin manyan gonakin iska a duniya. 

A shekarar 2015, an shigar da janareta na injin turbin iska guda 24 na megawatt 2.1 kowannensu a Tejuva, wanda ya kai adadin da ake samarwa zuwa 50.4MW. 

## Gallery

Fayil:Jaisalmer_Wind_Park.jpg|alt=View from Jaisalmer's Fort: part of Jaisalmer Wind Park| Duba daga Jaisalmer's Fort: wani yanki na Jaisalmer Wind Park


## Manazarta
Gidan shakatawa na Desert Inn

**Painted Desert Inn** wani hadadden tarihi ne a cikin gandun daji na Petrified Forest, a cikin gundumar Apache, gabashin Arizona. Yana kusa da Interstate 40 kuma kusa da asalin jeri na hanyar US Route 66 mai tarihi, yana kallon Hamadar Fentin . 

## Tarihi
Babban ginin masaukin da gidajen baƙi- *casitas* an tsara su a cikin salon Revival na Pueblo, ta injiniyan National Park Serbice Lyle E. Bennett da sauransu daga Tsare-tsare da Tsare-tsare na Sabis na Park Service. Masu ginin Civilian Conservation Corps da masu sana'a ne suka yi gini a cikin 1937-1940.  An sake gyare-gyaren wani yanki na babban ginin daga masaukin 1920s a wurin, wanda ake yi wa lakabi da Gidan Bishiyar Dutse saboda katako na gida da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin abubuwan gine-ginensa. 

Bayan gyare-gyaren ƙirar ƙira bayan yaƙi ta injiniya da mai zanen ciki Mary Jane Colter, Kamfanin Fred Harvey ne ke sarrafa shi a matsayin Gidan Harvey daga 1947 zuwa 1963, lokacin da aka rufe.  An ba da shawarar rushewa a tsakiyar 1970s, amma bayan zanga-zangar jama'a an sake buɗe ginin don iyakance amfani a cikin 1976 a matsayin Cibiyar Balaguro ta Bicentennial bayan an jera shi a cikin Rajista na Wuraren Tarihi na ƙasa. An ayyana ta a matsayin Alamar Tarihi ta Ƙasa a cikin 1987 don gine-ginenta da kuma takamaiman hanyar da aka yi amfani da kuɗin ayyukan New Deal don gina ta. 

Babban ginin Gidan Wutar Hamadar Painted an gyara shi sosai kuma an sake dawo dashi tsawon shekaru, yana sake buɗewa azaman gidan kayan gargajiya da kantin sayar da littattafai a cikin 1990s cikakken lokaci. An sami dogon lokaci na gyare-gyare don hadaddun 2004-2006, ana sake buɗewa azaman gidan kayan gargajiya (shagunan sayar da littattafai a wurin shakatawa yanzu suna a Rainbow Forest Museum da Painted Desert Visitor Center). A halin yanzu ba a samun masaukin kwana na dare a masaukin (ba tun 1947 ba),  amma a cikin watannin bazara yana da wurin shakatawa na ice cream. 

## Murals
Mawaƙin Hopi Fred Kabotie ya ɗau nauyin Colter don yin zanen bangon masauki a 1947–48. Colter ya san Kabotie daga haɗin gwiwar da aka yi a baya a gidan Fred Harvey Hopi a Grand Canyon National Park . Ayyukan Kabotie yana kwatanta al'amuran rayuwar Hopi, gami da tafiya ta cikin Hamadar Fentin don tattara gishiri. 

## Manazarta
Yankin da ake yi

**Studland** ƙauye ne da Ikklesiya ta farar hula  a kan Isle of Purbeck a Dorset, Ingila. Ƙauyen yana da nisan  arewa da garin Swanage, saman wani tudu mai tsayi, da  kudu da kudu maso gabas Dorset conurbation a Sandbanks, wanda Poole Harbor ya raba shi. Ikklesiya ta hada da tsibirin Brownsea a cikin tashar jiragen ruwa.  A cikin ƙidayar 2011 Ikklesiya tana da gidaje 182 da yawan jama'a 425,  kodayake yawancin gidajen da ke ƙauyen gidajen hutu ne, gidaje na biyu, ko gidajen baƙi, kuma yawan mutanen ƙauyen ya bambanta dangane da lokacin.

Studland ya shahara don rairayin bakin teku da kuma tanadin yanayi .

## Bayani
Studland yana cikin filin Ballard Down, kusa da gabas mai fuskantar Studland Bay,  dogon lankwasa sharar rairayin bakin teku masu yashi wanda ke samun goyon bayan dunes da helkwata. Ana kiran rairayin bakin tekun Kudu Beach, Tsakiyar Tsakiya da Knoll Beach, tare da wani a Shell Bay zuwa arewa.

Ko da yake ƙauyen bakin teku ne, gidajen da ke Studland galibi suna cikin 'yan mitoci ɗari kaɗan a cikin ƙasa. A farkon karni na ashirin Sir Frederick Treves ya bayyana ƙauyen a matsayin "waɗanda aka yi hasashe a titunan ƙasar, waɗanda suka ɓace a tsakanin bishiyoyi, tare da wasu ƴan gidaje masu rufin asiri a cikin wani lambun daji na ciyayi, ciyayi, da goro". Ya lura cewa Studland ba shi da "ba shi da wani kame-kame ga wani kwarya", amma a maimakon haka "ya juyo da fuskarsa daga teku don binne shi a cikin ciyayi na myrtles da fuchsia". Ya koka da zuwan ‘yan yawon bude ido da kuma gina gidaje a kauyen duk da haka, yana mai tsokaci cewa, “Annobar jajayen bulo... ta kama shi ba tare da tausayi ba.” 

Tun lokacin Treves ƙauyen ya faɗaɗa tare da ƙarin gine-gine masu cike giɓi a kan titunansa, yawancin gine-ginen da ke gudana a farkon da tsakiyar karni na 20, da wasu kwanan nan.  Ƙananan gine-gine kaɗan ne suka rage a ƙauyen a yau, tare da sanannen ban da cocin Ikklesiya, wanda ba a canza shi ba daga zamanin Norman, gine-gine mai yiwuwa daga kusan 1180.  Kusa da coci shine giciye na Celtic na zamani, wanda aka gina a cikin 1976 kuma yana amfani da tsohuwar ginin Saxon giciye a matsayin tushe. 

## Geography

### Studland Bay da kula da bakin teku
Studland Bay yana da kariya daga iska mai ƙarfi ta kudu maso yamma da guguwa ta Ballard Down da Handfast Point, ƙasan alli wanda ke raba Studland daga Swanage Bay zuwa kudu. A cikin karni na 17th an fara aiwatar da tarin yashi a cikin bay da kuma tare da Kudancin Haven Peninsula wanda ke shimfiɗa arewa, wanda ya haifar da sake fasalin ƙasa  da ƙirƙirar ko fadada rairayin bakin teku da psammosere (tsarin dune dune).

rairayin bakin teku a Studland Bay suna cikin mafi shahara a cikin ƙasar, kuma a karshen mako mai zafi suna cika da dubban mutane. Ƙungiyar Dorset ta Kudu maso Gabas ta ta'allaka ne a wancan gefen Poole Harbour, wanda ya haifar da rairayin bakin teku masu isa ga yawan jama'a. Arewacin cibiyar baƙon rairayin bakin teku da dunes mallakar National Trust ne kuma ke sarrafa su, waɗanda suka hana samar da filin ajiye motoci a wurin don hana cunkoso. An tanada ɗan gajeren zangon rairayin bakin teku a matsayin bakin tekun naturist .  

## Manazarta
Cinikin jima'i a Laos

**Cinikin jima'i a Laos** shine fataucin mutane don cin zarafin jima'i da bautar da ke faruwa a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Jama'ar Lao. Laos da farko ƙasa ce ta asali ga mutanen da ake fataucin jima'i.

Wadanda ke fama da fataucin jima'i a kasar sun fito ne daga dukkan kabilun Laos da baƙi. An yi fataucin 'yan ƙasar Laos, da farko mata da' yan mata, zuwa wasu ƙasashe a Asiya da nahiyoyi daban-daban. Ana barazanar su  kuma an tilasta su cikin karuwanci, aure, da kuma ko ciki.  Wadanda aka yi fataucin jima'i suna fuskantar rauni na jiki da na tunani. Suna kamuwa da cututtukan da ake samu ta hanyar jima'i daga fyade,  kuma cin zarafi da Rashin abinci mai gina jiki sun zama ruwan dare.  Ana azabtar da wasu mata da 'yan mata kuma ana kashe su.

Cinikin jima'i da cin zarafin ya mamaye dukkan matakan al'ummar Laos. Maza da mata masu aikata laifin a Laos sun fito ne daga bangarori daban-daban. Yawancin masu fataucin mutane mambobi ne na ko kuma ƙungiyoyi ne suka taimaka musu.

Ba a san girman fataucin jima'i a Laos ba saboda rashin bayanai, ɓoyayyen yanayin laifukan fataucin jinsi, da sauran dalilai. Kokarin yaki da fataucin jima'i ya sami cikas saboda cin hanci da rashawa, rashin kulawa, matsalolin kula da kan iyaka, da sauransu.

## Wadanda aka azabtar

Ana fataucin mata da 'yan mata na Laos zuwa Thailand,  Vietnam, China,  Taiwan, Japan,  da sauran ƙasashe a duk faɗin duniya. Ana tilasta musu yin aure ko gidajen karuwai  da mashaya na karaoke,  da aiki mara kyau a gidaje ko a gonaki. Mutane da yawa an ɗaure su ko kuma an kulle su kuma an cutar da su. Mutane da yawa da suka ji rauni suna da mafarki mai ban tsoro. Wadanda aka ceto ba su sami isasshen sabis na farfadowa ba. Suna fuskantar zargi. An sake fataucin wasu saboda rashin kariya.

Mata da 'yan mata daga iyalai masu talauci da rashin ilimi, da kuma yara,  suna da rauni ga fataucin jima'i.  Mutanen da ke cikin kungiyoyin 'yan tsiraru suma suna da saukin kamuwa.

## Masu aikata laifin
Masu fataucin mutane galibi suna cikin ƙungiyoyi. Wadanda suka aikata laifin wani lokacin 'yan uwa ne ko kuma sanannun wadanda abin ya shafa.

## Kokarin yaki da fataucin jima'i
Gwamnatin Laos ba ta cika cikakkun ka'idoji don kawar da fataucin mutane ba amma tana yin kokari sosai don yin hakan. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su ba su da yawa.

## Cin hanci da rashawa
Cin hanci da rashawa da rashin hukunci sun hana amsar Laos wajen rage fataucin jima'i. Wasu jami'ai da 'yan sanda sun sauƙaƙa fataucin mata da' yan mata kuma ko suna kan lissafin albashi na masu aikata laifin. Hukumomi suna karɓar cin hanci kuma suna yin takardun karya da zamba.

## Matsalolin da gwamnati ta bayar
An soki gwamnatin Laos saboda kokarin da take yi na yaki da fataucin jima'i. Wasu 'yan sanda sun yi sakaci. Taimako na dogon lokaci ga wadanda abin ya shafa bai isa ba.

## Kungiyoyin da ba na gwamnati ba
Village Focus International (VFI) tana aiwatar da shirye-shiryen yaki da fataucin jima'i a Laos.

## Manazarta
Matashi Lick

**Matashi Lick** dutse ne da ke kwance a cikin lardunan Georgia uku, Haberham, Rabun da Garuruwa . Kolinsa - **Matasa Lick Knob**, tsayin , yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren Haberham County. Matasa Lick Knob ya ketare ta hanyar Appalachian Trail .

Kololuwar tana da mahimmanci a fannin ƙasa saboda dalilai biyu. Na farko, ya nuna alamar inda gundumomin Habersham, Rabun da Garuruwa ke haduwa. Mafi mahimmanci, matashin lasa shine kololuwar " tsari uku " akan Rarraba Nahiyar Gabas, tare da ruwan sama daga taron kolinsa yana gudana zuwa manyan kwanoni guda uku daban-daban. Zuwa arewa maso gabas na kololuwar, ruwa yana gudana zuwa mashigin kogin Savannah da kuma cikin Tekun Atlantika . Zuwa kudu maso gabas, ruwa yana gudana kai tsaye zuwa cikin Gulf of Mexico ta hanyar Chattahoochee, sannan kogin Apalachicola . Zuwa yamma, ruwa kuma yana gudana zuwa Tekun Fasha, amma yana bin hanyar da ba ta da kyau ta hanyar Hiawassee, Tennessee, Ohio, da tsarin kogin Mississippi . 

## Manazarta
Dutsen Culebra

**Culebra Peak** ( Sifen don "maciji") shine koli mafi girma na Dutsen Culebra na tsaunukan Sangre de Cristo na Dutsen Rocky na Arewacin Amurka .  goma sha huɗu yana kan ƙasa mai zaman kansa,  gabas-kudu maso gabas ( mai ɗauke da 113°) na San Luis a cikin gundumar Costilla, Colorado, Amurka .   Culebra Peak ita ce kudu ta goma sha huɗu a cikin Dutsen Dutse.

## Geography
An iyakance damar shiga, kuma ana cajin kuɗi ($ 150 ga kowane mutum har zuwa lokacin bazara 2020) don hawan kololuwa. Mallaka da samun damar shiga ƙasar, duka don nishaɗi da sauran ayyukan, sun kasance batutuwa masu tashe-tashen hankula na shekaru masu yawa, waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙararraki da yawa da tashin hankali lokaci-lokaci.  A cikin 2017 an ba da ranch kololuwar don siyarwa akan dala miliyan 105, kuma an sayar da shi daga baya a waccan shekarar don adadin da ba a bayyana ba. 

Culebra shine babban kololuwa na huɗu mafi girma a cikin jihar, saboda rabuwarta da sauran kololuwar ta hanyar La Veta Pass mara ƙarancin ƙarfi.

Dangane da masu mallakar Cielo Vista Ranch na yanzu, inda kololuwar take, Culebra Peak shine mafi girman kololuwar mallakar sirri a duniya. 

### Yanayi

## Manazarta
Cirque Mountain (Colorado)

**Dutsen Cirque babban dutse** ne  wanda ke cikin gundumar Ouray na kudu maso yammacin Colorado, Amurka.  Yana da nisan mil shida yamma da al'ummar Ouray, sama da arewacin Yankee Boy Basin, a ƙasar da Uncompahgre National Forest ke gudanarwa . Yana daga cikin Rawan Sneffels wanda yanki ne na tsaunukan San Juan, wanda kuma wani bangare ne na tsaunukan Rocky . Cirque yana matsayin matsayi na 155th-mafi girma a Colorado,  kuma na tara-mafi girma a cikin Sneffels Range.  Yana yamma da Rarraba Nahiyar, 1.12&nbsp;mil gabas da Dutsen Sneffels, da 0.59&nbsp;mil yamma da Dutsen Teakettle, wanda shine makwabci mafi kusa.  Taimakon Topographic yana da mahimmanci yayin da bangaren arewa ya tashi  sama da Blaine Basin a cikin mil ɗaya, kuma ɓangaren kudu ya tashi sama da 2,000.&nbsp;ƙafafu sama da Yankee Boy Basin cikin ƙasa da mil ɗaya. Waɗannan kwandunan dawakai ne waɗanda glaciers suka zana su.  Hukumar {asar Amirka ta kar~i sunan dutsen a hukumance akan Sunayen Geographic . 

## Yanayi
Dangane da tsarin rarraba yanayi na Köppen, tsaunin Cirque yana cikin yankin yanayin yanayi mai tsayi mai tsayi da tsayi, sanyi, lokacin sanyi, da sanyi ga lokacin zafi.  Saboda tsayinsa, yana samun hazo duk shekara, kamar dusar ƙanƙara a lokacin sanyi, da kuma kamar tsawa a lokacin rani, tare da lokacin bushewa a ƙarshen bazara. Ruwan hazo daga dutsen yana shiga cikin magudanan ruwa na kogin Uncompahgre .

## Gallery

Fayil:Sneffels_Range,_Colorado.jpg|alt=Sneffels Range from the north. Left to right: Whitehouse Mountain, Mount Ridgway, Teakettle Mountain, Cirque Mountain (centered), Mount Sneffels.| Sneffels Range daga arewa. Hagu zuwa dama: Dutsen Whitehouse, Dutsen Ridgway, Dutsen Teakettle, Dutsen Cirque (a tsakiya), Dutsen Sneffels .
Fayil:Gilpin,_Sneffels,_Cirque,_Teakettle.jpg|alt=Left to rightː Gilpin Peak, Mt. Sneffels, Cirque Mountain, Teakettle Mountain.(Stony Mountain below Cirque). Looking north.| Hagu zuwa damaː Gilpin Peak, Mt. Sneffels, Dutsen Cirque, Dutsen Teakettle. ( Stony Mountain a ƙarƙashin Cirque). Kallon arewa
Fayil:Sneffels_range,_Cirque_Mountain_centered.jpg|alt=Cirque Mountain centered, Teakettle (left), Blaine Peak (right). From NW.| Dutsen Cirque yana tsakiya, Teakettle (hagu), Blaine Peak (dama). Daga NW.


## Manazarta
Dutsen Bierstadt

**Dutsen Bierstadt** yana da  taron koli na tsaunuka a Gabashin Gabashin tsaunin Rocky, a jihar Colorado ta Amurka. Sha hudun yana cikin Dutsen Evans Wilderness na Pike National Forest,  kudu ta gabas ( mai ɗauke da 171°) na Garin Georgetown a cikin Clear Creek County .     An ba shi suna ne don girmama Albert Bierstadt, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na ƙasar Amurka wanda ya yi taron koli na farko da aka yi rikodin na dutsen a cikin 1863.

## Dutsen
Dutsen Bierstadt yana da  WSW na Dutsen Blue Sky da  WSW na cikin gari Denver .

Dutsen Bierstadt yana daya daga cikin tsaunukan da suka fi shahara don hawa a Colorado saboda kusancinsa da Denver da kuma rashin fasaha. Kamar yadda yake da mafi yawan kololuwa a Colorado, Yuli da Agusta sune mafi kyawun watanni don hawan Dutsen Bierstadt.

Shahararriyar tushe daga inda za a fara hawan Dutsen Bierstadt shine Guanella Pass, wanda yake zuwa yamma. Daga Guanella Pass yana da nisan  tafiya, tare da hawan  . Hanyar ta gangaro kadan zuwa cikin lungunan lungu da sako na kusa da Scott Gomer Creek kafin isa ga gangaren yammacin Bierstadt. Daga nan sai ta fara hawan mai alamar cairn zuwa wani wuri mai faɗi da ƙasa kusa da babban shingen taron, wanda aka kimanta Class 2. 

Da zarar a taron koli, wani zaɓi mai ban sha'awa shi ne ci gaba da tafiya zuwa kusa da Dutsen Blue Sky tare da ginshiƙan da aka sani da Sawtooth, matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici wanda ke kallon tafkin Abyss, wanda ke zaune a kasa na kwarin da ke raba Bierstadt da Blue Sky. An ƙididdige wannan hanya a matsayin aji na 3. 

Zanen Albert Bierstadt *A Storm in Rocky Mountains, Mt. Rosalie* ya dogara ne akan zane-zanen da ya yi a lokacin ziyararsa a 1863 a yankin. Wannan zanen ya nuna ko dai Dutsen Spalding ko Dutsen Blue Sky (ba shi da tabbas) daga Tafkunan Chicago,  arewa-arewa maso yamma, amma Bierstadt da jagoransa William Byers sun haura zuwa taron koli na Blue Sky ko Spalding (asusun ba shi da tabbas). 

## Yanayi

## Manazarta
Dutsen Huron

**Huron Peak** babban taron koli ne na tsaunukan Kololuwa a cikin Sawatch Range na Dutsen Rocky na Arewacin Amurka .  goma sha huɗu yana cikin jejin Kololuwa na Dajin San Isabel,  yamma-arewa maso yamma ( mai ɗauke da 297°) na Garin Buena Vista a cikin gundumar Chaffee, Colorado, Amurka .  

## Dutsen
Yayin da yake kusa da kololuwar maƙwabcinsa, Huron Peak ya rabu da su da zurfin cols, yana haifar da babban matsayi mai matsakaicin matsayi . Kusa da kudanci ne manzanni uku, ƙungiya mai ban mamaki na kololuwar ƙafa dubu goma sha uku. 

An rada masa suna bayan mutanen Huron Indiya ( mutanen Wyandot ). 

Hanya mafi sauƙi zuwa saman an ƙididdige Class 2. 

## Hadarin jirgin don Rayuwa

A ranar 9 ga Yuli, 1994, wani jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu na ceto Aérospatiale Eurocopter AS350 ya fado a kan Huron Peak a kusan ƙafa 12,200 yayin da yake ƙoƙarin ceto wani ɗan tuƙi wanda ya sami karyewar ƙafa.  Tare da ma'aikatan bincike da ceto da yawa a nan kusa, matukin jirgin Gary McCall ya yi ƙoƙari ya sauka a wani yanki a kan wani gangare mai digiri 35 ta hanyar sanya skid ɗaya a gefen tudun dutsen. Yayin da masu ceto suka tsaya a karkashin rotors, suna kare fuskokinsu daga tarkacen shawagi, sun ba da rahoton jin karan 'yanke' kuma sun ga rotors na jirgin suna bugun gefen dutsen.

Jirgin ya yi birgima kusan ƙafa 800 zuwa fuskar dutsen, yana zuwa ya huta kusa da ƙafa 11,400. Masu ceto sun yi tururuwa zuwa tarkacen jirgin, amma an kashe matukin jirgin Gary McCall da ma’aikaciyar jinya Sandy Sigman. Hadarin dai shi ne na farko a tarihin shirin nan na Flight for Life .

An gano kusurwar da ke tsakanin rotor da skid na helikwafta daga baya ya zama digiri 28. Hukumar Kula da Sufuri ta Kasa ta yanke hukuncin musabbabin faruwar hatsarin kamar haka: 'Rashin tabbatar da matukin jirgin ya tabbatar da kawar da rotor daga kasa mai gangarewa yayin da yake shawagi. Yanayin ƙasa yana da alaƙa.'

## Yanayi
Bisa ga tsarin rarrabuwar yanayi na Köppen, Huron Peak yana cikin yankin yanayi mai tsaunuka mai tsayi tare da sanyi, lokacin sanyi, da sanyi zuwa lokacin zafi.  Saboda tsayinsa, yana samun hazo duk shekara, kamar dusar ƙanƙara a lokacin sanyi, da kuma kamar tsawa a lokacin rani, tare da lokacin bushewa a ƙarshen bazara.

## Manazarta
Twin Peaks (Placer County, California)

**Twin Peaks** dutse ne  dutsen koli biyu a Placer County, California, Amurka.

## Bayani
Twin Peaks yana mil hudu yamma da Tahoe Pines da Lake Tahoe, tare da iyakar da sashin Gudanar da Basin Tahoe ya raba tare da Babban Hafsan Hamadar Granite . Tana kan iyakar tsaunin Saliyo Nevada, tare da hazo mai gudana daga kololuwar gabas zuwa tafkin Tahoe, da yamma zuwa kogin Rubicon ta hanyar Bear Pen Creek. Taimakon Topographic yana da matsakaici yayin da taron ya tashi sama da  sama da Canyon na Blackwood a cikin 1.5&nbsp;mil. Ƙwayoyin Blackwood da Ward, waɗanda kowannensu ke kusa da Twin Peaks kuma ya ƙare a tafkin Tahoe, glaciers ne suka kafa su.  Yankin ski na Alpine Meadows yana da mil uku a arewa da Twin Peaks. Titin Tahoe Rim yana ratsa kudu da gangaren kololuwa kuma Tekun Pacific Crest Trail ya ratsa gangaren yamma, wanda ke ba da zaɓuɓɓukan kusanci. Hukumar Amurka akan Sunaye na Geographic ta karbe ta a hukumance na wannan siffa ta filaye.  Asalin sunan shi "Twin Peak" ne ta Binciken Wheeler a cikin 1870s kuma ya bayyana a cikin wallafe-wallafe tun aƙalla 1891. 

## Yanayi
Dangane da tsarin rarraba yanayi na Köppen, Twin Peaks yana cikin yankin yanayi mai tsayi.  Yawancin yanayin yanayin gabas sun samo asali ne daga Tekun Pasifik kuma suna tafiya gabas zuwa tsaunukan Saliyo. Yayin da gabas ta gabatowa, kololuwar kololuwa na tilasta su zuwa sama ( orographic lift ), yana sa su sauke danshinsu a cikin nau'in ruwan sama ko dusar ƙanƙara a kan kewayon.

## Gallery

Fayil:Twin_Peaks,_east_summit.jpg|alt=East (true) summit of Twin Peaks seen from the west peak| Gabas (gaskiya) taron koli na Twin Peaks da aka gani daga kololuwar yamma
Fayil:Twin_Peaks,_west_peak.jpg|alt=West (lower) peak of Twin Peaks seen from the east summit| Yamma (ƙasa) kololuwar Twin Peaks da aka gani daga babban taron gabas
Fayil:Twin_Peaks_from_trail.jpg|alt=South aspect, from PCT| Fuskar Kudu, daga PCT
Fayil:Twin_Peaks,_east.jpg|alt=East summit| Gabas taron


## Manazarta
Yammacin Vidette

**West Vidette** babban  wanda yake mil uku yamma da babban tsaunin Saliyo Nevada, a kusurwar arewa maso gabas na gundumar Tulare a arewacin California . Tana cikin Park Canyon National Park,  yamma-kudu maso yamma na al'ummar Independence, da  yamma da Vidette ta Gabas . Taimakon yanayi yana da mahimmanci yayin da bangaren arewa ya tashi  sama da Meadow Junction cikin mil biyu. Hanyar John Muir ta ratsa ƙasan ɓangaren arewa na wannan kololuwar nesa. An fara hawan farko na taron ne a ranar 19 ga Satumba, 1926, ta Norman Clyde, wanda aka lasafta shi da hawan farko na 130, yawancin su a cikin Saliyo Nevada. 

## Etymology
Vidette madadin rubutu ne na vedette, wanda aka ɗora shi don kawo bayanai, ba da sigina, ko gargaɗin haɗari, ga babban ƙungiyar sojoji. Gabas Vidette mai siffar pyramid da West Vidette sun bayyana suna gadi a sama da wani kwari, wanda ya zaburar da mambobin kungiyar Saliyo su ba su suna: "Biyu daga cikin waɗannan mashahuran, masu gadi, kamar yadda yake, wanda ke ƙofar kwarin da ɗayan kawai a cikinsa, ya samar da wani abu mai ban mamaki, kuma muka sanya musu suna Videttes." 

## Yanayi
Bisa ga tsarin rarraba yanayi na Köppen, West Vidette yana cikin yankin yanayi mai tsayi .  Mafi yawan yanayin yanayi sun samo asali ne daga Tekun Pasifik, kuma suna tafiya gabas zuwa tsaunukan Saliyo. Yayin da gabas ta gabatowa, kololuwar kan tilasta su zuwa sama, yana sa su sauke damshinsu a matsayin ruwan sama ko dusar ƙanƙara a kan kewayon ( ɗaga orographic ). Ruwan hazo daga tsaunin zuwa Bubbs Creek wanda wani yanki ne na Kogin Kudancin Fork Kings .

## Gallery

Fayil:The_Videttes_beyond_Bullfrog_Lake.jpg|alt=West Vidette centered beyond Bullfrog Lake| West Vidette ta tsakiya bayan tafkin Bullfrog
Fayil:Bullfrog_Lake_Vidette.jpg|alt=East Vidette, Deerhorn Mountain, and West Vidette, from Bullfrog Lake| Gabas Vidette, Dutsen Deerhorn, da West Vidette, daga tafkin Bullfrog
Fayil:West_Vidette_reflection.jpg|alt=West Vidette reflected in Bullfrog Lake| West Vidette ta nuna a tafkin Bullfrog


## Manazarta
Tinker Knob

**Tinker Knob** babban taro ne  a Placer County, California, Amurka.

## Bayani
Tinker Knob yana da  kudu maso gabas na Donner Pass da  arewa maso yamma da tafkin Tahoe, akan ƙasar dajin Tahoe National Forest . Tana kan tudun tsaunin Saliyo Nevada, tare da hazo daga kololuwar da ke tashi zuwa yamma zuwa Kogin Fork na Arewacin Amurka da gabas zuwa Kogin Truckee ta Deep Creek da Cold Creek. Taimako na Topographic yana da matsakaici yayin da taron ya tashi  sama da Kogin Fork na Arewa a cikin mil ɗaya. Maƙwabta sun haɗa da Anderson Peak  arewa maso yamma, Dutsen Lincoln  zuwa arewa maso yamma, kuma layin iyayen Granite Chief shine  zuwa kudu. Hanyar Pacific Crest Trail ta ratsa kololuwa, tana ba da zaɓin kusanci daga Donner Pass ko Palisades Tahoe, da haɗawa a cikin jerin kololuwar sashe na Saliyo yana haifar da sha'awar hawa.

## Tarihi
Hukumar {asashen Duniya ta {asar Amirka, ta kar~i wannan sunan a hukumance,  kuma ya bayyana a cikin wallafe-wallafe tun aƙalla 1874.   Sunan yana tunawa da James A. Tinker, wani mai jigilar kaya wanda hanya tsakanin Tinker 's Station (yanzu aka sani da Soda Springs ) zuwa ga dutsen dutsen zinariya.  Ƙari na musamman, sunan filin ƙasa abin ban dariya ne ga kamanni da hancin Tinker. 

## Yanayi
Bisa ga tsarin rarraba yanayi na Köppen, Tinker Knob yana cikin yankin yanayi mai tsayi .  Yawancin yanayin yanayin gabas sun samo asali ne daga Tekun Pasifik kuma suna tafiya gabas zuwa tsaunukan Saliyo. Yayin da gabas ta gabatowa, kololuwar kololuwa na tilasta su zuwa sama ( orographic lift ), yana sa su sauke danshinsu a cikin nau'in ruwan sama ko dusar ƙanƙara a kan kewayon.

## Manazarta