Ambaliyar ruwa (cibiyar sadarwa ta kwamfuta)

Ana amfani da **Ambaliyar ruwa** a cikin algorithms na hanya sadarwar kwamfuta wanda ake aika kowane fakitin da ke shigowa ta hanyar kowane hanyar haɗi mai fita sai dai wanda ya isa.

Ana amfani da ambaliyar ruwa a cikin gadar da kuma tsarin kamar Usenet da raba fayil ɗin tsara-zuwa-tsara kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na wasu ladabi na hanya, gami da OSPF, DVMRP, da waɗanda aka yi Amfani da shi a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar mara waya na wucin gadi (WANETs). 

## Nau'o'in.
Gabaɗaya akwai nau'ikan ambaliyar ruwa guda biyu, ambaliyar da ba a sarrafa ta ba da kuma ambaliyar mai sarrafawa.  &#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

A cikin ''Ambaliyar ruwa mara sarrafawa'' kowane kumfa ba tare da wani sharadi ba yana rarraba fakiti ga kowane maƙwabtanta. Ba tare da ma'anar yanayi ba don hana sake zagayawa mara iyaka na wannan fakitin, hadari na watsa shirye-shirye haɗari ne.

Ambaliyar da aka sarrafa tana da nasa algorithms guda biyu don sanya shi abin dogaro, SNCF (Sequence Number Controlled Flooding) da RPF (reverse-path forwarding). A cikin SNCF, maɓallin yana haɗa adireshin kansa da lambar jerin zuwa fakitin, tunda kowane maɓallin yake da ƙwaƙwalwar adiresoshin da lambobin jerin. Idan ya karɓi fakiti a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, sai ya sauke shi nan da nan yayin da yake cikin RPF, ƙwaƙwalwalwar za ta aika da fakitin gaba. Idan an karbe shi daga maɓallin na gaba, sai ya mayar da shi ga mai aikawa.

== Algorithms. ==
Akwai bambance-bambance da yawa na algorithms na ambaliyar ruwa. Yawancin suna aiki kamar haka:

# Kowane kumfa yana aiki a matsayin mai watsawa da mai karɓa.
# Kowane kumfa yana ƙoƙarin aika kowane saƙo ga kowane maƙwabcinsa sai dai tushen kumfa.

Wannan yana haifar da kowane saƙo a ƙarshe ana isar da shi ga duk sassan da za a iya isa ga cibiyar sadarwa.

Algorithms na iya buƙatar zama mafi rikitarwa fiye da wannan, tunda, a wasu lokuta, dole ne a yi taka tsantsan don kauce wa isar da yawa da kuma madauki mara iyaka, da kuma ba da damar saƙonnin su ƙare daga tsarin.

=== Ruwan ruwa na zaɓaɓɓu. ===
Wani bambancin ambaliyar da ake kira **ambaliyar ruwa''' ta zaɓi yana magance waɗannan batutuwan ta hanyar aika fakiti zuwa masu ba da hanya a cikin wannan hanya. A cikin ambaliyar ruwa, masu ba da hanya ba sa aika kowane fakitin da ke shigowa a kowane layi amma kawai a kan waɗancan layin da ke tafiya kusan a cikin madaidaiciyar hanya.

## Fa'idodi.
The advantages of this method are that it is very simple to implement,
if a packet can be delivered then it will (probably multiple times), and since flooding naturally utilizes every path through the network it will also use the shortest path.

## Rashin fa'idodi.
Ambaliyar ruwa na iya zama mai tsada dangane da faɗin bandwidth da aka ɓata. Duk da yake saƙo na iya samun manufa ɗaya kawai dole ne a aika shi ga kowane mai masaukin. A cikin yanayin ambaliyar ruwa ko ƙin yarda da harin sabis, yana iya zama da lahani ga amincin cibiyar sadarwa ta kwamfuta.

Saƙonni na iya zama kwafi a cikin cibiyar sadarwa don ƙara nauyin akan cibiyar sadarwa tare da buƙatar ƙaruwa a cikin rikitarwa na sarrafawa don yin watsi da saƙonnin kwafi. Kwayoyin kwafi na iya zagayawa har abada, sai dai idan an dauki wasu matakan kariya:

* Yi amfani da ƙididdigar hop ko lokacin rayuwa (TTL) ƙidaya kuma haɗa shi tare da kowane fakiti. Wannan darajar ya kamata ta yi la'akari da yawan nodes da fakiti zai iya wucewa a kan hanyar zuwa inda yake.
* Bari kowane maɓallin ya bi diddigin kowane fakitin da aka gani kuma kawai tura kowane fakitin sau ɗaya.
* Tabbatar da tsarin cibiyar sadarwa ba tare da madauki ba.

## Misalan.
A cikin Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), ana amfani da ambaliyar ruwa don canja wurin sabuntawa zuwa topology (LSAs).

A cikin ƙananan sadarwa, ambaliyar ruwa na iya cimma gaggawa da ƙarfi na sadarwa a cikin ƙa'idodin sadaukarwa kamar VEmesh,  wanda ke aiki a cikin ƙungiyar mita ta Sub-1 GHz da haɗin sadarwar Bluetooth, wanda ke aiki cikin ƙungiyar mita 2.4 GHz. &nbsp;&nbsp;Dukkanin waɗannan ladabi suna aiki ne a matsayin fasahar da ke cikin Digital Addressable Lighting Interface da ake amfani da su a cikin ƙwararru da kuma sarrafa hasken kasuwanci.

## Dubi kuma.

* Rediyo (cibiyar sadarwa).
* Hanyar neman ambaliyar ruwa.
* Multicast.
* Tsarin Itace.

## manazarta.
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