Rose Finkelstein Norwood

**Rose Finkelstein Norwood** (Satumba 10, 1890 - Satumba 25, 1980) ta kasance mai shirya ayyukan kwadago ' yar Amurka. A tsawon lokacin aikinta, ta jagoranci kamfen na ma'aikata na waya, ma'aikatan tufafi da kayan ado, masu yin tukunyar jirgi, ma'aikatan laburare, malamai, ma'aikatan tallace-tallace, da ma'aikatan wanki. Ta kasance mai himma a cikin kungiyoyi da dama na kare hakkin jama'a, ciki har da Kungiyar Hadin Kan Mata ta Boston, Kungiyar Hadin Kan Mata ta Duniya don Zaman Lafiya da 'Yanci, da kuma Kungiyar Hadin Kan Mutane Masu Launi . Ta kasance mai adawa da kyamar Yahudawa, wariyar launin fata, da kuma mulkin kama-karya, mai goyon bayan 'yancin mata da ilimin ma'aikata, kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin tsofaffi.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Rose Finkelstein a ranar 10 ga Satumba, 1890, a Kiev, Daular Rasha (yanzu Kyiv, Ukraine ) ita ce ta biyu cikin 'ya'ya takwas na Henry Finkelstein, wani ma'aikacin distillation na Yahudawa, da kuma Fanny Schafferman. Iyalinta sun ƙaura zuwa Amurka tun tana ɗan shekara ɗaya.   Iyalin sun fara zama a Gabashin Cambridge, Massachusetts, kafin su ƙaura zuwa unguwar Jamaica Plain da ke Boston. Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Jamaica Plain har zuwa shekararta ta ƙarshe, lokacin da ta bar makaranta don yin aiki a matsayin mai aiki da waya a New England Phone . 

Tun tana yarinya a Gabashin Cambridge, Rose ta fuskanci cin zarafi daga matasan 'yan asalin Ireland waɗanda suka yi mata ihu "Christ Killer" suka kuma yi mata bulo yayin da take tafiya zuwa makaranta. A wani hari da ta kai, ta sami mummunan rauni a kai, kuma daga baya aka tura ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kai mata hari gidan yari. An tilasta wa iyalan su ƙaura zuwa unguwa da ba ta da rikici sosai. Wannan lamarin ya yi tasiri mai ɗorewa ga Rose, wanda hakan ya sa ta fi jin daɗin zalunci da kuma sanar da imaninta na 'yan gurguzu da na 'yan Zionist . 

## Sana'a
Ta zama memba mai hayar ƙungiyar masu aiki da wayar tarho ta Boston a shekarar 1912. A shekarar 1919 ta taimaka wajen jagorantar masu aiki da wayar tarho 8,000 a wani yajin aiki na kwanaki shida wanda ya gurgunta ayyukan wayar tarho a duk faɗin New England. [1] Duk da rashin goyon baya daga shugabannin ƙungiyar maza ta TOU, galibin masu aiki da mata sun sami manyan rangwame: an ƙara musu albashinsu, an soke rabon aiki, kuma an tabbatar musu da haƙƙinsu na shiryawa. [2]

A shekarar 1921 ta halarci Makarantar bazara ta Bryn Mawr don Ma'aikatan Mata a Masana'antu, wani shiri na daban na ilimi ga mata ma'aikata.  A lokacin da take Bryn Mawr, ta haɗu da sauran ɗalibai wajen neman kwalejin ta cika ƙa'idodin ƙungiyar ma'aikata wajen kula da ma'aikatan baƙar fata.  A cikin 1928 da 1935, ta halarci makarantar bazara a Kwalejin Kwadago ta Brookwood da ke New York, inda ta yi nazarin dabarun tsara da kuma "yadda ake renon ɗan ƙungiyar ma'aikata". Kwas ɗin na ƙarshe ya zaburar da ita ta kafa wani babi na Boston na Ƙungiyar Nazarin Yara. Ta kuma ɗauki darussa a Kwalejin Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Boston. 

A shekarun 1920, ta kasance mai himma a cikin Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ma'aikata ta Mata (WTUL), Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Mata don Zaman Lafiya da 'Yanci, da ƙungiyoyi masu kare masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Italiya-Amurka Sacco da Vanzetti .  A matsayinta na memba na WTUL, ta yi fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata, gami da haƙƙin ci gaba da aiki bayan aure. A shekarar 1924, ta jagoranci wani dandali inda Jennie Loitman Barron, wacce lauya ce matashiya a lokacin, ta yi magana game da buƙatar haɗa mata a cikin alkalai. (Ba a ba mata damar yin aiki a alkalai na Massachusetts ba har sai 1949.) 

## Manazarta