Peter Taylor (mai kula da muhalli)

**Peter Taylor** (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1948) masanin muhalli ne na Burtaniya, mai fafutukar jama'a kan batutuwan da suka fito daga tsaron nukiliya,   gurɓataccen teku,  dabarun bambancin halittu,  makamashi mai sabuntawa da Canjin yanayi. Shi ne marubucin littattafai biyar: Beyond Conservation: A Wildland Strategy (2005), Shiva's Rainbow, Chill: A Reassessment of Global Warming Theory (2009), Questions of Resilience: Development Aid in a Changing Climate (2010), da Rewilding: ECOS Writings on Wildland and Conservation Values (2011).

Littafinsa Chill ya yi iƙirarin, ya saba da Yarjejeniyar kimiyya game da canjin yanayi, cewa mafi yawan rubuce-rubucen da aka rubuta kwanan nan mai yiwuwa ya haifar da sake zagayowar halitta. Ya kuma ba da shawarar cewa akwai yiwuwar sanyaya duniya, kuma cewa daidaitawa ba ragewa ya kamata ya zama fifiko. Ra'ayoyinsa sun sami yaduwar ɗaukar hoto a cikin kafofin watsa labarai - tare da shafi na gaba a kan Daily Express, da kuma labarai a cikin sigar kan layi na The Times da bidiyon Al Jazeera . 

## Ilimi
An haife shi a watan Janairun 1948, Taylor ya yi karatu a makarantar Cowbridge Grammar School a Glamorgan, Wales daga inda ya sami kyautar Open Scholarship zuwa Kwalejin St Catherine, Jami'ar Oxford. Ya kammala karatu tare da girmamawa a fannin Kimiyya ta Halitta daga Makarantar Zoology a shekarar 1970. A matsayinsa na dalibi, ya jagoranci balaguron halittu tsakanin jami'o'i zuwa Gabashin Afirka. Bayan shekaru shida na abin da ya bayyana a cikin tarihin kansa Shiva's Rainbow a matsayin mai kasada da mai bincike, gami da motar motsa jiki ta Sahara da hawa Eiger, ya koma Oxford don nazarin ilimin zamantakewa a ƙarƙashin masanin ilimin harshe Edwin Ardener .

## Kungiyar Binciken Muhalli ta Siyasa
Taylor ya bar karatunsa na ilimi a fannin ilimin ɗan adam don bunkasa Kungiyar Binciken Muhalli ta Siyasa (PERG) wacce ya kafa a shekara ta 1976. Tsayawa da abubuwan ilimi na ilimin muhalli na siyasa da kuma buƙatar ka'idar don tallafawa shiga siyasa, ƙungiyar ta fara tallafawa kimiyya da shari'a don shirye-shiryen manufofin muhalli   kuma ta yi aiki tare da Greenpeace International, Kungiyoyin kwadago kuma, a wasu lokuta, hukumomin gwamnati. Kungiyar ta riƙe haƙƙin mallaka a kan dukkan ayyukanta, ta buga rahotanni na bincike sama da 20 tsakanin 1978 da 1992. Taylor ya wallafa wani asusun game da yunkurin yaki da nukiliya a cikin The Ecologist - wani rubutu da Jami'ar Open ta yi amfani da shi don Gudanar da Fasaha, da kuma kimanta hadarin nukiliya cikin mujallar kimiyya Nature .  

Taylor ya zama mutum na jama'a bayan binciken Windscale na 1977 game da sake sarrafa man fetur na nukiliya, inda ya fallasa haɗarin da ke tattare da adana sharar nukiliya kuma ya yi nasarar yaƙi da fitar da sharar nukiliya zuwa muhallin ruwa - an ba da rahoton aikinsa sosai a cikin jaridun ƙasa, *New Scientist, The Ecologist* and the *New Internationalist* .  Tsakanin 1980 da 1992 ya zama mai ba da shawara ga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban, daga hukumomin gwamnati zuwa ƙungiyoyin sa-kai na muhalli, kuma ya bayyana a talabijin da rediyo dangane da batutuwan haɗarin nukiliya da gurɓatawa. Aikinsa ya nuna yuwuwar tasirin lafiyar Wutar Lantarki a 1957 - a cikin rahoton PERG RR-7, da kuma tare da haɗin gwiwar Yorkshire TV, yuwuwar yawan cutar kansar yara a kusa da Sellafield  - ka'idar da binciken daga baya ya karyata. Ya yi aiki a kwamitin gwamnati kan zubar da sharar nukiliya a teku (wanda Sir Fred Holliday ya jagoranta) wanda ya ba da shawarar a haramta wannan aikin. Ya kuma zauna a cikin ƙungiyar ba da shawara kan bincike kan sarrafa sharar nukiliya da Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta kafa - ya yi murabus lokacin da ya ji Gwamnatin Burtaniya ba ta ba da lokaci don cikakken kimanta zaɓuɓɓukan kwatancen ba. 

Ayyukan PERG na iya rinjayar iyakance ci gaban sake sarrafa man fetur na nukiliya da 'tattalin arzikin plutonium', musamman a Jamus,  tsaftace fitarwa zuwa Tekun Irish,  canza ra'ayi game da haɗarin radiation na ionising da sakamakon narkewar reactor. Har ila yau, kungiyar ta samar da binciken farko game da dabarun makamashi mai sabuntawa a cikin wani rahoto ga Majalisar Tarayyar Turai a cikin 1980; binciken farko na kwatankwacin aikin gona da na al'ada, da kuma binciken farko na Burtaniya game da gandun daji a matsayin ƙwacewar carbon.

Taylor ya haɗa da 'yan uwansa biyu a lokacin kamfen ɗin shekarun 1980, tare da Ron ya shiga cikin wurin gwajin makamai na Nevada na Amurka kuma ya jagoranci hawan Greenpeace na Big Ben  da Robert yana jagorantar dabarun Greenpeace na duniya akan sharar sinadarai. 

A cikin 1992, PERG ya samo asali ne a cikin cibiyar sadarwa ta duniya ta masana masu zaman kansu kan yanayin ƙasa da na ruwa - Terramarès - don aiwatar da bincike mai mahimmanci na manufofin kimiyya. Wannan rukuni ya yi aiki tare da mutum a bayan al'amuran a cikin batutuwa da yawa na muhimman ci gaba - tare da Jackson Davis yana taimakawa wajen kafa tushe don Yarjejeniyar Yanayi, da kuma dabarun samar da tsabta da Ka'idar kariya tare da Tim Jackson (yanzu Farfesa na Ci gaba mai dorewa a Jami'ar Surrey); da kuma ci gaba da aiki a kan dabarun makamashi tare da Gordon Thompson wanda yanzu ke jagorantar Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Tsaro a Cambridge, Massachusetts (ref IRSS). Ayyukan Taylor game da gurɓataccen teku sun ƙare a 1993 tare da sukar tsarin kariya na teku na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a cikin mujallar Bulletin of Marine Pollution . 

## Bayan kiyayewa
Taylor ya ƙaura daga Oxford zuwa Arewacin Wales don neman sha'awa a cikin kiyaye namun daji da shamanism. A matsayinsa na memba na Ƙungiyar Masu Kula da Yanayi ta Burtaniya ya shirya taron 'Wilderness Britain' a cikin 1995 da kuma taron koli na National Trust kan dabi'un jeji da na daji a taron Centennial. Ya kasance babban mai magana a taron BANC / National Trust 1999 'Nature in Transition' a watan Yulin 1999 kuma ya hada hannu da takardar National Trust "Call for the Wild".

Labaransa a cikin mujallar BANC ta *ECOS* sun ba da gudummawa ga sabon raƙuman sani a cikin kiyayewa da aka sani da 'rewoilding'  wanda ya ƙare a cikin 2005 tare da buga littafinsa Beyond Conservation da kafa Wildland Network . A cikin wannan aikin Taylor ya yi jayayya cewa kiyayewa ya fi dacewa da kiyayewa kuma yana buƙatar zama mafi ƙwarewa kuma ya mai da hankali kan gudanar da ƙasa mafi girma. Chris Baines, mai kiyayewa na Burtaniya, ya bayyana littafin Taylor a matsayin mai mahimmanci kuma yana da kyau wajen kama yanayin canzawa na kiyayewa  kuma Peter Marren ya ba shi shafi ɗaya a cikin The Independent .  Alan Watson Featherstone, na Trees For Life ya amince da murfin kuma Bill Adams, daga Jami'ar Cambridge, ya kuma amince da shi yana rubuta "Peter Taylor ya gina gadoji tsakanin muhalli, manufofin karkara da ruhaniya. "

A cikin sadarwar masu aikin muhalli da manajojin ƙasa, Taylor ya yi aiki don gina dabarun siyasa don sake gina kiyayewa ta hanyar tarurruka na yanki, tarurruka masu zaman kansu kuma a cikin 2008, abokin aikinsa a cikin hanyar sadarwa Steve Carver ya kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Wildland a Jami'ar Leeds. 

## Makamashi da canjin yanayi
A cikin jagorancin aikinsa kan canjin yanayi, Taylor ya haɓaka dabaru don haɗa makamashi mai sabuntawa cikin manufofin ƙauyuka kan al'umma da bambancin halittu. Tsakanin shekara ta 2000 zuwa shekara ta 2003, an nada shi a cikin Ƙungiyar Ba da Shawara ta Ƙasar Burtaniya ta Ƙungiyar Sabuntawa ta Al'umma (CRI) - ƙungiyar hadin gwiwa ta Ƙauyuka da Ma'aikatar Ciniki da Masana'antu a kan ƙarfin sabuntawa na al'umma. Don taimakawa wannan aikin ya kafa mai ba da shawara kan ƙira Ethos, wanda ya haɗu da ƙwarewar kimiyya daga Terramarès tare da ƙirar hoto da amfani da gaskiyar kwamfuta don ganin canji da haɗa ci gaba a cikin ƙauyuka.

Binciken da Taylor ya yi game da ka'idar dumamar yanayi a cikin 2009 ya nuna damuwarsa cewa magungunan Canjin yanayi na iya zama mafi muni ga muhalli fiye da cutar kanta. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa aikinsa tare da CRI ya ba shi zurfin fahimta game da tasirin da ke tattare da haɓaka tattalin arzikin zamani daga hanyoyin sabuntawa. Littafin ya sami karamin tallace-tallace da farko - amma a cikin jagorancin taron koli na Copenhagen, an yada ra'ayoyinsa sosai.

An yi tambaya game da cancantar Taylor don sake nazarin kimiyyar yanayi da rungumar falsafar asiri da shamanism.

Masu adawa da shi sun mayar da hankali kan maganganunsa a cikin Shiva's Rainbow game da yadda kimiyya a cikin Manufofin jama'a galibi wasan kwaikwayo ne da kuma yadda ya kasance dan wasan kwaikwayo fiye da masanin kimiyya. Taylor ya yarda cewa mafi yawan ayyukansa sun kasance a matsayin lauya - 'babban ɗan wasan kwaikwayo', amma ya yi jayayya cewa rikodin sa a matsayin ƙwararren Mai sharhi kan manufofi ya ɓace ta waɗanda ba sa son saƙonsa game da canjin yanayi.

## Manazarta