open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Francis Patrick Donovan

**Francis Patrick Donovan**, AM (1 ga Fabrairu 1922 - 3 ga Fabrairu 2012) malami ne, lauya, kuma jami'in diflomasiyya na Australiya. Ya yi aiki a matsayin jakadan Australiya kuma Wakilin Dindindin a OECD, kuma Jakadan kuma Wakilin Ciniki na Musamman a Ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ke Geneva. Bayan ya yi ritaya daga Hukumar Diflomasiyya, ya zama mataimakin shugaban Kotun Sasantawa ta Duniya.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Donovan a Ingham, Queensland a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 1922 ga dangin Roman Katolika. Mahaifinsa John Magatakarda ne na Zaman Lafiya da Ƙananan Zamani. Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin St Joseph, Nudgee da Jami'ar Queensland. A lokacin da yake Queensland, Donovan ya zama abokai kuma ya gyara jaridar jami'a tare da Gwamnan Queensland Walter Campbell na gaba. Bayan ya shiga Rundunar Sojin Ostiraliya a farkon Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu yayin da yake Jami'a, sai ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojojin Ostiraliya ta 2, inda aka tura shi cikin Bataliya ta 55/53 kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Adjutant na bataliyar daga baya a yaƙin. Daga nan Donovan ya tafi a matsayin Malamin Rhodes zuwa Kwalejin Magdalen, Oxford, inda ya kammala karatunsa a matsayin Digiri na farko a fannin Shari'a. A shekarar 1950, a Chicago ya haɗu ya auri Maria Kozslik, 'yar ƙasar Hungary, wacce daga baya ta zama marubuciya  kuma 'yar jarida.

## Aikin ilimi
Da ya dawo daga Amurka, Donovan ya zama mai karatu a fannin shari'a a Jami'ar Adelaide . A shekarar 1952, abokinsa Zelman Cowen,  ya naɗa shi Shugaban Shari'ar Kasuwanci a Jami'ar Melbourne, wanda daga baya ya zama Gwamna Janar na 19 a Ostiraliya. A wannan lokacin, ya kasance farfesa mai ziyara a Makarantar Shari'a ta Columbia kuma shine Shugaban Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Jami'ar Melbourne. A shekarar 1953, jami'ar ta ba shi digiri na biyu na Shari'a. Yayin da yake Melbourne, Donovan ya buga manyan littattafai na shari'o'in kasuwanci na Australiya,  kuma an buga wani littafi mai suna 'Signed, Sealed, and Delived: An Introduction to Australian Commercial Principles' sau shida. A tsawon rayuwarsa, ya kasance Barista na Kotunan Ƙoli na Victoria da Queensland.

## Aikin diflomasiyya
A shekarar 1961, Donovan ya yi murabus daga kujerarsa ta Makarantar Shari'a ta Melbourne don shiga aikin diflomasiyya, yana da ƙwarewa a matsayin wakilin kasuwanci. Naɗinsa ya fara ne a matsayin Mai Ba da Shawara kan Kasuwanci a Ofishin Jakadancin Australiya da ke Rome, [1] sannan ya zama Minista (Kasuwanci) a Ma'aikatar Ciniki ta Ƙasashen Waje, Mai Ba da Shawara kan Kasuwanci ga Babban Hukumar Australiya, London, da kuma Mataimakin Shugaban Ofishin Jakadancin Australiya a Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Turai.

## Manazarta
Alison Shell

**Alison Shell** ƙwararriya ce 'yar Birtaniya kuma mai sukar adabi. Farfesa ce a Sashen Harsunan Turanci da Adabi a Kwalejin Jami'ar Landan . Yawancin ayyukanta na ilimi sun binciki alaƙar da ke tsakanin Kiristanci da adabi a Birtaniya tun daga Gyaran Mulkin zuwa ƙarni na 21.

## Ilimi
Shell ta yi karatu a Makarantar Kolejin North London da Kwalejin St Hilda, Oxford, inda ta sami digiri na BA/MA da kuma digiri na D.Phil. 

## Sana'a
Shell ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da littattafai masu wuya a Royal Institute of British Architects kafin ta zama ƙwararren digirin digirgir na British Academy a Jami'ar College London (UCL) daga 1994 zuwa 1997. Matsayinta na farko na ilimi na dindindin yana Jami'ar Durham, inda ta yi aiki daga 1997 zuwa 2010 kafin ta koma UCL. 

Tun daga shekarar 2010, Shell ta kasance editan jerin shirye-shirye na Cibiyar Nazarin Zamani ta Paparoma a Jami'ar Toronto . Tare da Thomas S. Freeman da Ann Hutchison, ta kafa jerin shirye-shiryen 'Katolika da Rubuce-rubuce Masu Sauƙi na Zamani na Ƙarshe da Zamani na Farko.' Haka kuma tana aiki a allunan edita na mujallun Tarihin Katolika na Burtaniya da Reformation . Tana yin bita ga Times Literary Supplement, kuma a shekarar 2024 ta yi wa'azin Shakespeare na shekara-shekara a Cocin Holy Trinity, Stratford-upon-Avon .

## Haɗin gwiwa
Shell abokiyar aiki ce a Kwalejin Burtaniya,  Ƙungiyar Ingila,  da Ƙungiyar Kayayyakin Tarihi .  Ta yi ziyara a ɗakin karatu na Newberry da ke Chicago, ɗakin karatu na Beinecke da ke Yale, da kuma ɗakin karatu na Lewis Walpole da ke Yale. 

## Littattafan tarihi (an zaɓa)

* Shakespeare da Addini (London: Arden Shakespeare, Abokan Hulɗa Masu Mahimmanci, 2010; takarda mai rubutu 2015).   
* Al'adun Baka da Katolika a Ingila ta Farko ta Zamani (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2007, takarda, 2009).    
* Katolika, Rikici da Tunanin Adabi na Turanci, 1558-1660 (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1999, takarda 2006).  

## Manazarta
Peter Neilson (politician born 1954)

**Peter Neilson** (12 ga Yulin 1954 - 9 ga Fabrairu 2022) ɗan kasuwa ne kuma ɗan siyasa na New Zealand wanda ya kasance memba na Majalisar Dokokin Labour a Majalisar Wakilai ta New Zealand .

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta farko da aiki
An haifi mahaifin Neilson a Auckland, amma ya girma a Ingila. An haifi Neilson a ranar 12 ga Yuli 1954 a Birmingham, Ingila, kuma ya koma New Zealand a 1958 tare da iyalinsa. Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Glendowie da Jami'ar Auckland, inda ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko na kasuwanci a shekarar 1977. Yana da ɗa ɗaya da 'yar ɗaya tare da matarsa Megan Clark . 

Ya zama masanin tattalin arziki kuma daga baya ya zama babban jami'in bincike a Ma'aikatar Kwadago.

### Ayyukan siyasa
Neilson ya shiga jam'iyyar Labour a shekarar 1972 kuma ya tsaya a matsayin Hukumar Yankin Auckland a zaben kananan hukumomi na 1974 a kan tikitin Labour tare da abokan aikin majalisa na gaba Helen Clark da Richard Northey . Ya tsaya a cikin yankin Birnin Auckland amma bai yi nasara ba. Daga baya ya kasance shugaban yakin neman zabe na Labour a zaben kananan hukumomi na 1977, shugaban kwamitin zaɓe na Tamaki, Sakataren Majalisar Matasa ta Labour da kuma Baitulmalin Kwamitin Kungiyar Kwadago ta Wellington . 

#### Dan majalisa

Ya wakilci mazabar Wellington na Miramar a majalisar daga  zuwa 1990, lokacin da Graeme Reeves ya ci shi. A shekara ta 1983 ne aka nada shi mai magana da yawun Labour na Ayyuka da Ayyuka ta hanyar jagoran Labour David Lange .  Ya zama shugaban mai shirya taron da kuma sakatare na kwamitin tattalin arziki kuma an ba shi aiki tare da gano hanyoyin da za a bar albashin yanzu da farashin a New Zealand.

Don tunawa da shekaru 50 da aka gina gidan farko na jihar New Zealand da ke cikin mazabar Miramar, Neilson da Ministan Gidaje, Helen Clark, sun ɗauki teburin kofi ta wannan ƙofar da tsohon Firayim Minista Michael Joseph Savage ya yi shekaru 50 da suka gabata. An kira wasan kwaikwayon a matsayin aikin "alamu na bayyane".

#### Ministan majalisar ministoci
A shekara ta 1984 an nada Neilson a matsayin Mataimakin Sakataren Majalisar Dokoki ga Ministan Kasuwanci da Masana'antu a lokacin Gwamnatin Labour ta huɗu ta New Zealand.  A karo na biyu na Labour Neilson ya kasance memba na majalisar ministocin New Zealand daga 1987 zuwa 1990. Ya kasance Ministan Haraji, Kwastam, Ayyuka da Ci gaba da Mataimakin Ministan Kasuwanci da Kudi. A matsayinsa na minista ya mallaki Ofishin Buga na Gwamnati da Kamfanin Inshora na Jiha.

### Rayuwa da mutuwa daga baya
Bayan ya fice daga majalisa Neilson ya fara aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan kasuwanci. Ya gudanar da kwamitocin kasashen waje da yawa ga Ernst &amp;amp; Young kafin ya bar ya zama Babban Darakta na Cibiyar Kasuwanci mai dorewa.

Daga 2011 har zuwa 2016 ya kasance shugaban zartarwa na Majalisar Kula da Kudi ta New Zealand .  Ya kasance Shugaban Simplicity Charitable Trust, wanda ke kula da shirin KiwiSaver a New Zealand. Ya kuma kasance memba na kwamitin Gidauniyar Kasa don Kurame & Jin Ƙarshe . 

## manazarta
Anthony O'Grady

**Anthony Austin O'Grady** (28 ga watan Janairun 1947 - 19 ga watan Disamba 2018) marubucin Australiya ne, ɗan *[[The Bulletin (Australian periodical)|Jaridar]]* kiɗa, edita da furodusa. Ya kirkiro kuma ya shirya *[[Rock Australia Magazine|Mujallar Rock Australia]]* daga 1975 zuwa 1981. Ya rubuta labarai ga The Bulletin . A cikin 1994 O'Grady ya kirkiro Cibiyar Kiɗa. Shekaru 15 ya kasance mai tambayoyin tarihin baki don National Film and Sound Archive (NFSA). O'Grady ya rubuta tarihin rayuwa na 2001 Cold Chisel: The Pure Stuff wanda ke ba da cikakken bayani game da ƙungiyar Cold Chisel ta Australiya.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Anthony Austin O'Grady a ranar 28 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1947 kuma ya girma a Sydney, New South Wales tare da 'yan uwan biyu. Ya halarci Kwalejin Saint Ignatius, Riverview kuma ya kammala karatu tare da girmamawa a cikin wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi; ya shiga Jami'ar Sydney yana karatun Dokar Fasaha. Ya rubuta wa jaridar dalibai, Honi Soit. Bayan ya bar jami'a ya fara aiki a matsayin marubucin talla don Kamfanin Talla na Lintas, wanda ya tuna da shi a matsayin "sa'an nan kuma wurin kirkirar abubuwa". &nbsp;

O'Grady ya shiga aikin jarida na kiɗa a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa ga *Go-Set* sannan ya zama editan mujallar *Ear for Music* mai ɗan gajeren lokaci a 1973.  Da ya ga Skyhooks suna yin wasa a bikin Sunbury Pop na 1975, ya kafa *mujallar Rock Australia* ( *RAM* ), tare da mawallafi ɗan Ingila Phillip Mason a watan Maris na 1975. A farkon  *RAM*, baya ga gyara, O'Grady ya rubuta yawancin abubuwan da ke ciki - a ƙarƙashin wasu sunayen laƙabi daban-daban - wanda ya shafi mawakan gida da na ƙasashen waje.  A bikin bayar da kyaututtukan kiɗan Rock na Australia a 1977, an zaɓe shi don Best Rock Journalist.  Ta hanyar labaransa, ya yi fafutukar kare ayyukan farko na Skyhooks, Jeff St John, Wendy Saddington, Chain, the Angels, Cold Chisel, Midnight Oil da Radio Birdman.

 A matsayinsa na edita, ya haɓaka ayyukan abokan aikinsa Glenn A. Baker, Jen Jewel Brown, Stuart Coupe, Andrew McMillan da Clinton Walker.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Anthony O'Grady ya auri Linda Campbell, ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa, a cikin 1987 kuma ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu kafin su sake aure a cikin shekarun 1990. A cikin 2000s lafiyarsa ta kara tabarbarewa kuma an sanya shi a kan dialysis na koda har sai da aka sake shi a cikin shekara ta 2008.  Daga baya ya kamu da melanomas. Anthony O'Grady ya mutu a shekarar 2018, yana da shekaru 71.

## Manazarta
Alex Gibbon

**Alex Gibbon** (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Oktoba 1992) ɗan ƙungiyar ƙwallon rugby ne ta ƙasar Australiya wanda a halin yanzu yake bugawa ƙungiyar ƙwallon rugby ta Richmond da kuma NSW Country a gasar cin kofin ƙwallon rugby ta ƙasa ta Australiya. Ya kuma taɓa wakiltar ƙungiyar Super Rugby, Queensland Reds.   ya farfaɗo da ƙungiyar ƙwallon rugby ta karkara kuma yanzu sana'arsa ita ce wakilin gidaje.

## Rayuwar farko da aiki
An haifi Gibbon a New South Wales, amma ya yi makaranta a Brisbane a Kwalejin St Joseph, Nudgee . Daga nan ya koma jiharsa ta asali kuma daga 2012 ya fito don Gundumomin Kudancin a cikin Shute Shield. Ya buga wasa ɗaya tilo a Combined New South Wales–Queensland Country da British &amp;amp; Irish Lions a 2013 kuma an sanya shi cikin ƙungiyar Greater Sydney Rams don Gasar Rugby ta Ƙasa a 2014 duk da cewa bai buga wasa ɗaya ba.

## Aikin Rugby
Gibbon ya buga wa Brisbane City wasa a shekarar 2015, inda ya zira kwallaye 5 a wasanni 9 domin taimakawa kungiyarsa ta lashe kofinta na biyu cikin shekaru biyu. [1] An kira shi cikin tawagar Red's Super Rugby a tsakiyar kakar wasa ta 2016 kuma ya buga wasanni biyu a madadinsu, wasansa na farko ya kasance da Chiefs a filin wasa na Suncorp.[2] [1]

## Bakwai na duniya
Gibbon ya wakilci Ostiraliya a wasannin rugby bakwai tsakanin 2013 da 2017, inda ya buga gasa 21 kuma ya zira kwallaye 25. 

## Manazarta
Philip Bury Duncan

**Philip Bury Duncan** (1772-1863) ya kasance mai kula da Gidan kayan gargajiya na Ashmolean a Jami'ar Oxford . 

## Rayuwa
An haifi Philip Duncan a shekara ta 1772 a Kudancin Warnborough, Hampshire, Ingila, inda mahaifinsa ya kasance shugaban. Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Winchester (inda daga baya ya kafa Duncan Prizes), kuma a New College, Oxford, wanda ya zama Fellow a shekara ta 1792. Ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na BA a shekara ta 1794 da kuma digiri na MA a shekara ta 1788. Daga cikin abokan makaranta da kwaleji waɗanda ya ci gaba da hulɗa da su sune Archbishop William Howley, Bishop Richard Mant, da Sydney Smith

An kira Duncan zuwa mashaya a shekara ta 1796, kuma na 'yan shekaru ya halarci gida da kuma yammacin da'irori. Daga 1801 har zuwa mutuwarsa, ya zauna da yawa a Bath kuma ya inganta yawancin tsarin kimiyya da na agaji. An zabe shi shugaban Asibitin Bath United a shekara ta 1841. 

A cikin 1826, an sanya Philip Duncan mai kula da Gidan Tarihi na Ashmolean, ya maye gurbin ɗan'uwansa, John Shute Duncan, marubucin Hints to the Bearers of Walking Sticks and Umbrella, wanda ba a san shi ba, 3rd edition 1809; Botano Theology, 1825; da Analogies of Organised Beings, 1831. Ya kara tarin dabbobi na Ashmolean, kuma shi da kansa ya ba da gudummawa da yawa. Ya kuma gabatar da Jami'ar Oxford tare da siffofi na dā da samfuran daban-daban. Duncan ya ba da shawarar da'awar kimiyyar jiki da lissafi zuwa wani matsayi na musamman a cikin karatun Oxford. Ya taimaka wajen kafa a Oxford, da kuma a Bath, bankin ajiya da al'umma don hana karya. Ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa a Gidan Tarihi na Ashmolean a 1855 sannan aka ba shi digiri na girmamawa na DCL. Lokacinsa a Gidan Tarihi na Ashmolean ya ga canje-canje masu mahimmanci a cikin nune-nunen Tarihin halitta, bisa ga " tauhidin halitta", kamar yadda William Paley (1743-1805), Archdeacon na Carlisle ya gabatar.

## Kyauta
Hoton Philip Bury Shute na William Smith (mai aiki 1813-1859) yana cikin tarin Gidan Tarihi na Ashmolean .  Tarihin Kwalejin Magdalen sun haɗa da wasiƙu daga Philip Bury Duncan da ɗan'uwansa John Shute Duncan . 

## Manazarta
Nomsa Mdlalose

**Dokta Nomsa Mdlalose** da aka fi sani da sunanta Dr. Sasa, masanin tarihin Afirka ta Kudu ne, mai ba da labari, marubuci, kuma masanin al'adu wanda aka sani da aikinta na rubuce-rubuce, adanawa, da inganta al'adun gargajiya na asali. Cibiyar bincikenta da samar da kayayyaki a kan al'adun Afirka, al'adun wasan kwaikwayo, wallafe-wallafen yara, da kuma rawar da labarun ke takawa a ci gaba da al'adu.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Nomsa Mdlalose ta girma ne a KwaMashu, Durban, inda aka fallasa ta da wuri ga al'adar wallafe-wallafen Afirka. Sha'awarta ga ba da labari ta samo asali ne daga sauraron labarun da aka raba a cikin al'ummarta.

Daga baya ta ci gaba da horo a kasashen waje, inda ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin ba da labari daga Jami'ar Jihar Tennessee ta Gabas (Amurka).  Daga baya ta kammala digiri na biyu a fannin al'adu a Jami'ar Witwatersrand (Wits), ta kware a fannin wallafe-wallafen Afirka da ilimin harshe.

## Ayyuka

### Cibiyar ba da labari ta Zintsomi
A cikin shekara ta 2007, Mdlalose ya kafa Zintsomi, cibiyar ba da labari da bugawa da aka sadaukar don adanawa da inganta labarun Afirka, al'adun baki, da kuma ƙwarewar ba da labari a matsayin aiki mai ban sha'awa. Zintsomi tana buga littattafan yara (sau da yawa a cikin harsuna da yawa: isiZulu, Turanci, Afrikaans, Setswana), kuma tana samar da kafofin watsa labarai iri-iri (littattafai, karantawa tare, labarun dijital, wasan kwaikwayo, raye-raye) don yin labaran Afirka ga yara da matasa.

Ta hanyar Zintsomi, Mdlalose ya dauki bakuncin abubuwan da suka faru na ba da labari, shirye-shiryen horo, da kuma zaman jagoranci da nufin samar da sabbin masu ba da labari tare da rubuce-rubuce, wasan kwaikwayo, da ƙwarewar bugawa. A cikin 2022, Zintsomi ta sami tallafi daga Majalisar Fasaha ta Afirka ta Kudu (NAC) a karkashin Shirin Ƙarfafa Ayyukan Shugaban kasa.  Wannan kudade ya goyi bayan bikin sayar da littattafai na yara da ba da labari, wanda ya haifar da ayyuka ga kimanin mutane 40 (masu ba da labari.

### Gudanar da al'adun baki da al'adu
Sau da yawa ana bayyana Mdlalose a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan masu ba da labari na zamani na Afirka ta Kudu. Ta jaddada muhimmancin dindindin na ba da labari a matsayin hanyar adana al'ada, ba da dabi'u na ɗabi'a, da haɓaka ainihi tsakanin matasa. A cewarta, ba da labari shine "moto na sadarwa wanda mutane zasu iya warware bambance-bambance a cikin hanyar da ta fi girma da kuma rashin rikici". Ayyukanta sun haɗa da ilimi da kuma fadakarwa, suna haɗa ilimin gargajiya tare da gwagwarmayar al'adu.

## Manazarta
Blanche Henrietta Johnes Shelley

**Blanche Henrietta Johnes Shelley** **Pechell** (15 Disamba 1835 - 12 April 1898 ) mai ɗaukar hoto ce kuma marubuciya 'yar Birtaniya.

Blanche Henrietta Johnes Shelley 'yar Sir John Villiers Shelley ce, Baronet na 7 da Louisa Elizabeth Anne Knight.  Ita 'yar uwa ce ta nesa ga majagaba na ɗaukar hoto Henry Fox Talbot kuma iyalinta sun shiga cikin gwaje-gwajen farko na ɗaukar hoto. Hotonta guda ɗaya tilo da ta rage, *Ferns da Daffodil*, an samo shi ne tun daga 1854. 

Ta auri Hervey Charles Pechell, masanin tarihin iyali a shekarar 1874. 

A shekarar 1876, ta buga wani labarin yara mai suna *Fernseed; ko kuma, Aljanin Woodland. *

Ta gaji Maresfield Park daga mahaifinta, bayan rasuwarta ta bar shi ga mijinta Hervey Pechell, wanda ya mutu a watan Disamba a wannan shekarar, daga baya kuma ta bar shi ga abokinsu Count Alexander Münster .

## Manazarta
Paul Ortiz (masanin tarihi)

**Paul Ortiz** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1964) masanin tarihin Amurka ne. Shi farfesa ne na tarihin aiki a Jami'ar Cornell  kuma ya kasance tsohon darektan Shirin Tarihin Magana na Samuel Proctor a Jami'an Florida.

## Rayuwa da ilimi
An haife shi a shekara ta 1964, Paul Ortiz tsohon soja ne na ƙarni na uku kuma ya kammala karatun koleji na ƙarni ya farko. Ya kasance paratrooper kuma mai aiki da rediyo, ya kai matsayin sajan, a cikin Sojojin Amurka daga 1982 zuwa 1986 tare da 82nd Airborne Division da 7th Special Forces Group a Amurka ta Tsakiya. Ya sami lambar yabo ta Sojojin Sojojin Amurka don aikin da ya dace a yayin fashewar Nevado del Ruiz stratovolcano a Tolima, Colombia, a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1985.

### Littattafan da aka zaɓa

* Tarihin Afirka da Latinx na Amurka (ReVisioning American History, 2018) 
* 'Yanci da aka ci amanar Jami'ar California Press (2006) 
* *Tunawa da Jim Crow* na William H. Chafe (Editor), Raymond Gavins (Editor) Robert Korstad (Editor"), tare da Paul Ortíz da sauransu New Press (2008) 

## Manazarta
F. G. Emmison

Frederick George "Derick" Emmison MBE FSA FRHistS (28 ga Mayu 1907 - 9 ga Nuwamba 1995) ya kasance mai adana bayanai na Burtaniya, marubuci kuma ɗan tarihi. Ya kasance County Archivist na Bedfordshire tsakanin 1925 da 1938, County Archivista na Essex tsakanin 1938 da 1969, memba ne na kafa British Records Association da Society of Archivists, kuma ya lashe lambar yabo ta John Bickersteth a 1974 da Medlicott a 1987.   Ya kuma kasance marubuci mai yawa wanda ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga fahimtarmu game da Zamanin Elizabethan ta hanyar bincike mai zurfi game da bayanan gida na wannan shekarun a Essex.  

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Frederick George Emmison a Bedford a ranar 28 ga Mayu 1907.  Ya yi karatu a makarantar Bedford Modern School inda ya yi fice a ilimi amma an tilasta masa ya watsar da fatan samun ilimi a Jami'ar lokacin da mahaifinsa ya yi kuskuren tunanin saka hannun jari na iyali ya gaza.

## Ayyuka
A lokacin da yake da shekaru 16, Emmison ya shiga Ofishin Rubuce-rubucen Bedford a Bedford a karkashin jagorancin Dokta G. H. Fowler, a lokacin Shugaban Kwamitin Rubuce'in Bedfordshire.  Ya yi saurin sarrafa aikin kuma ya sami girmamawa daga gundumar tare da muhimman takardu da yawa da aka ajiye a ofishin rikodin a lokacin mulkinsa ta majami'u na gida musamman.

Emmison ya kasance County Archivist na Bedfordshire tsakanin 1925 da 1938; kuma County Archivists a Essex Record Office a Chelmsford tsakanin 1938 da 1969. "Hanyar da yake da ita ta "ƙarfi da tunanin da ya yi ya burge mutane da yawa", kuma an dauki Essex a matsayin babban tsarin rikodin kasar. A cikin lokaci Ofishin Rubuce-rubucen Essex ya zama gidan wallafe-wallafen tarihin gida kuma Emmison ya zama marubuci mai yawa. Sakataren Tudor nasa: Sir William Petre a Kotun da Gida ya kasance "babban gudummawa ga karatun Tudor".  Jerin rayuwarsa na Elizabethan "ya nuna wadatar tushe na lokacin da kuma ikonsa na danganta kayan gida ga zane mai faɗi".

Emmison ya kasance memba ne wanda ya kafa kungiyar British Records Association a 1932 da kuma Society of Local Archivists a 1947. 

## Iyali
A shekara ta 1935 ya auri abokin aikinsa Margaret Moorhead Langwill, 'yar likitan Alice Moorhead da mijinta, Dokta Hamilton Graham Langwill. Kakanta na mahaifiyarta ita ce Ethel Moorhead kuma kakanta Brigadier Surgeon George Alexander Moorhead ne . 

## Kyaututtuka da girmamawa
Emmison ya kasance Liveryman na Kamfanin Worshipful na Scriveners kuma Fellow na Society of Antiquaries na London, Royal Historical Society da Society of Genealogists .  Ya kasance Shugaban ko Mataimakin Shugaban Ƙungiyar Tarihi, Ƙungiyar Tarihin Burtaniya, Ƙungiyar Archivists da Ƙungiyar Genealogists . 

An nada Emmison a matsayin memba na Order of the British Empire a 1966 don aikinsa a matsayin County Archivist of Essex .  Jami'ar Essex ta ba shi lambar yabo ta girmamawa a shekarar 1970 kuma ya lashe lambar yabo ta John Bickersteth a shekarar 1974 da Medlicott a shekarar 1987.

## manazarta
Harriet Evans Paine

**Harriet Evans Paine** (c. 1822-1917) ta kasance mai ba da labari na Texas kuma Masanin tarihin baki. An haife ta a matsayin bawa kuma an san ta da "Aunty Harriet".

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Paine a matsayin bawa ga Jim da Rebecca Evans a Tennessee, a kusa da shekara ta 1822.  Swan da Jerusha Hardin ne suka mallake su. Hardins sun bi 'ya'yansu maza zuwa Texas a 1828. A Texas, Paine ita ce "yarinya mai ka'ida," da ke rataye allurai ga mahaifiyar Jerusha. A shekara ta 1834 ta zama bawa a gidan Benjamin Franklin Hardin. Hardin ya zauna a wani shuka a waje da Liberty.

Paine ya shiga cikin Runaway Scrape; kuma a lokacin 1836 da 1837, ya yi wa jami'an Mexico hidima da aka kama a Yaƙin San Jacinto kuma ya zauna a gonar William Hardin.  An ce ta bi da fursunoni da alheri.

A cikin 1839, ta koma tare da iyalin Franklin zuwa Seven Pines, gidan da ke cikin garin Liberty.

Paine yana da 'ya'ya tare da wasu bayi biyu, Henry Rowe da Mr. Green. An kira 'ya'yanta Henry Rowe Jr. da Calvin da Melinda Green. Ba a san abin da ya faru da dukkan 'ya'yanta ba kuma ba a rubuta auren ba, kodayake an lura cewa "ba a yarda ta zauna tare da mijinta ba".  Ta kuma zauna tare da' ya'yanta a bayan babban gidan.

Bayan Juneteenth, 1865, lokacin da aka 'yantar da bayi, Paine ya ci gaba da aiki ga Hardins, mai yiwuwa ya " sanya hannu kan kwangilar 'yanci tare da Franklin Hardin".  Ta yi aiki a Seven Pines har zuwa 1916, lokacin da akwai wuta da ta kusan lalata gidan.  Paine ya ceci wasiƙu da takardu na iyalin Hardin. Paine ya mutu a shekara ta 1917.

Iyalin Hardin sun adana labarinta da tarihin baki kuma an ajiye su a cikin Hardin Collection a Cibiyar Nazarin Yankin Sam Houston.

## Manazarta
Alasdair Morrison (mai banki)

**Alasdair Morrison** ɗan kasuwa ne na Hong Kong .

## 4Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Morrison a Scotland a shekara ta 1948 kuma ya yi karatu a Eton da Cambridge, ɗan tsohon malamin Ikilisiyar Scotland na Sojojin Burtaniya. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

== Ayyuka ==
Ya shiga Jardines a 1971 a matsayin mai horar da gudanarwa yana sayar da sararin kaya. An ɗaukaka shi zuwa babban manajan Jardine Industries a 1975. A shekara ta 1980, ya zama babban manajan Jardines Philippines . An nada Morrison a matsayin janar manajan da ke zaune a Turai a 1982 kuma an nada shi mataimakin darektan da ke zaune ne a Hong Kong a 1983. Ya zama memba na Hukumar Yankin Asiya ta Pacific a shekarar 1987 kuma ya zama manajan darakta na babbar mallakar Hongkong Land a shekarar 1988. A shekara ta 1994, Morrison ya gaji Nigel Rich a matsayin manajan darektan ko kuma wanda aka fi sani da 'tai-pan', na Jardine Matheson Holdings.

A matsayinsa na 'tai-pan' na Jardines, ya jagoranci cire kamfanin daga musayar hannun jari ta Hong Kong, Hang Seng Index . Kodayake wannan lokacin ya ga lokaci mai wahala ga kamfanin tare da alakarsa da Gwamnatin kasar Sin, Morrison ya taka rawar gani a kokarin sake kafa alakar Jardines da gwamnatin kasar Sin ta hanyar neman gafara a bainar jama'a ga wasu ayyukan da kamfanin ya yi a baya a farkon lokacin da yake zama manajan darektan kuma yana ziyartar jami'an kasar Sin akai-akai a Beijing. Ya fara canje-canje na ciki da tsari a cikin Jardine Matheson Holdings . A lokacin mulkinsa, Morrison ya jagoranci kamfanin ta hanyar Rikicin kudi na Asiya na 1997 da kuma koma bayan tattalin arziki. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

Morrison ya yi murabus daga kamfanin a shekara ta 2000 kuma Percy Weatherall, dangi ga ɗaya daga cikin iyalan da ke da iko, ya maye gurbinsa.  Daga nan sai kamfanoni da dama da ke Asiya suka yi wa Morrison zambo, amma ya yanke shawarar shiga babban bankin saka hannun jari Morgan Stanley a matsayin shugabanta kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa na Asiya. Shi ne shugaban kamfanin, bayan ya ajiye mukamin babban jami'in gudanarwa a shekara ta 2006 kuma ya yi ritaya a matsayin shugaba a ranar 8 ga Maris 2007. Daga 2010 zuwa Janairu 2015, Morrison babban mai ba da shawara ne ga Citigroup Asia da ke Hong Kong. &#x5B; ** &#x5D; Daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan Pacific Basin Shipping Ltd. 

## Manazarta
Helen Z. Papanikolas

**Helen Zeese Papanikolas** (29 ga Yuni, 1917 - 31 ga Oktoba, 2004)  masaniyar tarihi ce ta ƙabilar Girka-Amurka, marubuciya kuma mai ba da labarin al'adu wadda ta rubuta abubuwan da suka faru a Utah da Yammacin Amurka ta hanyar tarihi, tarihin rayuwa, almara, da waƙoƙi. Jigogin al'adunta sun dogara ne akan gogewarta a matsayin Ba'amurke ɗan Girka-Amurka a cikin ƙaramin al'umma ta yamma.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Helen Zeese an haife ta ne a cikin al'ummar hakar ma'adinai ta Cameron (kusa da Castle Gate) a cikin Carbon County, Utah, ga iyayen baƙi na Girka George da Emily Zeese (asalin Yiorgis da Emilia Zisimopoulos). Iyalin sun koma Helper da ke kusa kuma, a 1933, zuwa Salt Lake City, Utah inda suka kafa jerin shagunan kayan masarufi. A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, Zeese ta halarci Helper Central School da Carbon High School yayin da take zaune a Carbon County, da East High School a Salt Lake City.

## Ayyuka da gudummawar al'adu
A cikin 1950, an tambayi Papanikolas ya rubuta game da al'ummomin Girka don Utah Historical Quarterly . Labarin da ya biyo baya na 1954 The Greeks of Carbon County ya fadada girman tarihin Utah da aka buga, wanda a baya ya mayar da hankali kan sasantawa da ci gaban gudanarwa da membobin Ikilisiyar Yesu Almasihu na Kiristoci na Ƙarshe. Labarin ya ba da gudummawa ga cikakken fahimtar al'adun Utah da al'adun kabilanci kuma ya zama misali mai dorewa ga masana tarihi na kabilanci. Shekaru hamsin, an buga ayyukanta kan tarihin kabilanci a cikin Utah Historical Quarterly da Western Humanities Review . Ta rubuta littattafai bakwai, duka fiction da wadanda ba fiction ba. Littattafai sun haɗa da litattafan tarihi da litattaffaffi irin su Toil and Rage in a New Land: The Greek Immigrants of Utah (1970) da The Peoples of Utah (1976). An nuna kwarewar Papanikolas a matsayin marubuci da mai ba da labari a cikin The Time of the Little Black Bird, wanda ya lashe kyautar Utah Fiction na shekara ta 2000. 

## Kyaututtuka
Kyaututtuka don gudummawar da ta bayar ga tarihin al'adu sun haɗa da: https://web.archive.org/web/20100611105116/http://www.media.utah.edu/UHE/p/PAPANIKOLAS.html:

* Babban Bishop na Amurka Iakovos Saint Paul Medal (1972);
* Fellow na Utah State Historical Society (1975);
* Kyautar Ƙungiyar 'Yan ƙasa ta Japan da Amurka (1976);
* Kyautar Brotherhood, Taron Kasa na Kiristoci da Yahudawa, Utah Babi (1978);
* Kyautar Alumna mai daraja, Jami'ar Utah (1983); da kuma
* Dokta mai daraja na Harafin Dan Adam, Jami'ar Utah (1984).

## Manazarta
Sonia Nimr

**Sonia Nimr** (Arabic; an haife ta a shekara ta 1955) marubuciya ce ta Palasdinawa, mai ba da labari, mai fassara, Masanin ilimin lissafi kuma masanin kimiyya. Tana rubutu ga yara da matasa a Larabci da Ingilishi, kuma tana ba da labarin gargajiya a cikin Larabci. Ita ce ta lashe lambar yabo ta Etisalat ta 2014 don wallafe-wallafen yara na Larabci don Mafi kyawun Littafin Matasa don littafinta mai ban mamaki zuwa wuraren da ba a sani ba . Nimr Mataimakin Farfesa ne na Falsafa da Nazarin Al'adu a Jami'ar Birzeit.

## Tarihi
An haifi Nimr a Jenin a shekarar 1955, inda ta kammala karatun firamare da sakandare. Daga nan sai ta ci gaba da yin rajista a Jami'ar Birzeit, inda ta shiga gwagwarmayar dalibai da ke adawa da mamayar Isra'ila. A lokacin shekara ta biyu a can, a 1975, sojojin Isra'ila sun kama ta saboda fafutukar siyasa, kuma an yanke mata hukuncin shekaru uku a kurkuku na Isra'ila. A lokacin da take kurkuku, ta haɓaka sha'awar rubuce-rubucen yara. Daga baya ta koma Ingila don ci gaba da karatunta, kuma a cikin 1990, ta sami digirinta na PhD a Tarihin baki daga Jami'ar Exeter . Ta fara rubutu ne kawai a shekarar 1986, yayin da take aiki a matsayin jami'in ilimi a Gidan Tarihi na Dan Adam, a Ingila. Ayyukanta na farko sun kasance fassarar tatsuniyoyin Falasdinawa, kuma an buga su a Larabci. Ta zauna a Burtaniya shekaru da yawa, Nimr ta gamu da ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da matan Larabawa. Ta bayyana cewa wannan yana daya daga cikin manyan dalilan da ya sa yawancin jarumai na labaranta mata ne da 'yan mata, don yaki da mummunan ra'ayi da kuma karfafa' yan mata Larabawa. Ta yaba wa mahaifiyarta saboda ta koya mata ƙaunar rubuce-rubuce da kuma fafutukar siyasa, kuma a cikin duka biyun tana da alaƙa tsakanin mata da 'yancin ƙasa, tana mai cewa "Idan muka 'yantar da mata, za mu dauki mataki zuwa ga' yancin Falasdinu".

## Ayyuka masu ban sha'awa
**Yara da Matasa**

* A Little Piece of Ground (tare da Elizabeth Laird), 2003 
* *Rihlat Ajeeba Fi Al Bilad Al Ghareeba* (*Tafiye-tafiye masu ban mamaki zuwa ƙasashe masu ban mamaki*), Cibiyar Tamer 2013
* *Qisah Awalha khayal wa Akherha Khya* (*Labari da ya fara kuma ya ƙare da ƙarya*), 2012
* Ghaddar the Ghoul da Sauran Labaran Palasdinawa, Littattafan Yara na Frances Lincoln, London 2007
* *Thunderbird*, Cibiyar Tamer 2017

## Manazarta
Margaret Sheridan (marubuciya)

**Margaret Sheridan, Comtesse de Renéville** (1912–1980) marubuciya ce 'yar Birtaniya wadda ta yi rubutu a ƙarƙashin sunan **Mary Motley** . Ita 'yar mai sassaka ce Clare Sheridan .

## Rayuwa
An kashe mahaifinta, Kyaftin William Sheridan a Yaƙin Loos a ranar 25 ga Satumba, 1915. Wata 'yar'uwa ta mutu tun tana ƙarama. Ta raka mahaifiyarta zuwa Amurka a ƙuruciyarta.

Sheridan ta yi wani lokaci a Biskra, Algeria, inda a shekarar 1937, ɗan'uwanta Richard ya mutu sakamakon ciwon appendicitis, yana da shekaru ashirin da ɗaya, kuma ta yi tafiye-tafiye da yawa a yankin Sahara. A shekarar 1935 ta auri Guy de Renéville, wani jami'in rundunar sojojin Faransa, daga baya kuma *ta auri Chef de Cabinet Militaire* ga Gwamna Janar na Faransa Equatorial Africa .

Ta rubuta tarihin rayuwarta game da lokacin da ta yi a Aljeriya da Kwango ta Faransa . Mahaifiyarta ta mutu a shekarar 1970. Lokacin da Margaret ta mutu a shekarar 1980, haƙƙin mallaka nata ya koma hannun Jonathan Frewen, wanda ya gaji haƙƙin mallaka na mahaifiyarta a shekarar 1972 daga mahaifinsa Roger Frewen, wanda ɗan uwan Clare Sheridan ne.

## Littattafan tarihi

* *Shaidanun Jira* (1959) 
* *Tsarkin Safiya* (1961)

## Manazarta
Bud Phillips (marubuci)

**Victor N. "Bud" Phillips** (25 ga Agusta, 1929 - 9 ga Janairu, 2017) marubuci ne kuma ɗan tarihi na Amurka daga Bristol, Virginia.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Phillips a Arewa maso gabashin Johnson County, Arkansas . A lokacin da yake da shekaru goma sha biyar, ya fara wa'azi da tafiya, kuma ya zo Bristol a 1953 a cikin bas. An haɗa shi da Cibiyar Graham da Ƙungiyar Bishara.

A shekara ta 1982, Phillips ya koma Gundumar Tarihin Solar Hill a Bristol, Virginia, inda zai zauna har zuwa mutuwarsa.

Phillips da farko ya rubuta littattafai kan tarihi. Rubuce-rubucensa sun haɗa da Ghosts of Bristol: Haunting Tales from the Twin cities  da Hidden History of Bristol, Stories from the State Line. 

## Kyauta
An girmama Phillips da "Ranar Bud Phillips" hutu da ake yi a Bristol a kowace 5 ga Mayu. A shekara ta 2006, an kira Phillips masanin tarihin Bristol.

## Littattafai

* Ghosts of Bristol: Haunting Tales from the Twin Cities (2010).  .
* *Tarihin da aka ɓoye na Bristol: Labarai daga Layin Jiha* (2010). ISBN .&nbsp;
* Pioneers in Paradise: Legends and Stories from Bristol, Tennessee/Virginia (2002). ISBN .&nbsp;
* Littafin Sarakuna: Kyautar Iyali na Sarki ga Tarihin Bristol, Tennessee / Virginia (1999). ISBN .&nbsp;
* *Wuri Mai Kyau don Rayuwa: Bristol, Tennessee / Virginia* (2006). ISBN .&nbsp;
* *Ka gafarta mini Uba, domin na yi baƙin ciki* (2006). ISBN .&nbsp;
* *Tsakanin Jihohi: Bristol Tennessee / Virginia A lokacin yakin basasa* (1997). ISBN .&nbsp;
* *Bristol Tennessee/Virginia: Tarihi 1852-1900* (1992). ISBN .&nbsp;
* *Zuwa Cumberland: Tarihin Iyalin Maggard na Gabashin Kentucky* (1991). ISBN .&nbsp;

## Manazarta
Mick Freney

**Michael Ernest Freney** (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga Mayu 1948) ɗan ƙasar Australiya ne tsohon ɗan wasan rugby na ƙasa da ƙasa. 

An haifi Freney a Brisbane kuma ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Nudgee.

Freney, wanda karuwa ne, ya buga wa ƙungiyar Brothers ta Brisbane kuma ya fara buga wasa a jiharsa a shekarar 1970. Ƙwazon da ya nuna a wasan da Queensland ta yi da New South Wales Country a shekarar 1972 ya sa aka kira shi a Wallabies don rangadin New Zealand a wannan shekarar, inda ya fito a dukkan gwaje-gwaje uku. Ya samu ƙarin maki a rangadin Turai na 1973.[1]

## Duba kuma

* Jerin 'yan wasan ƙungiyar ƙwallon rugby ta ƙasa ta Australiya

## Manazarta
Patricia Preciado Martin

**Patricia Preciado Martin** (an haife ta a ranar 6 ga Yuli, 1939) marubuciya ce kuma mai bincike wacce ta ƙware a Tarihin baki da Tarihin Arizona . Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin na farko da ya rubuta, rubuta da kuma raba labarun Amirkawa na Mexico a Tucson, Arizona.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Preciado Martin a Prescott, Arizona  a cikin 1939.  A lokacin da take da shekaru uku, ita da iyalinta suka koma Tucson. A shekara ta 1960, Preciado Martin ta sami digiri na farko a fannin ilimi daga Jami'ar Arizona.

A farkon shekarun 1960, ta kasance mai sa kai a cikin Peace Corps,  inda ta yi aiki a British Honduras (wanda yanzu ake kira Belize).  Daga 1979 zuwa 1983, Preciado Martin ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar bincike da ta tattara hotuna da tarihin baki kai tsaye daga al'ummar Mexico ta Tucson; wannan aikin, Mexican Heritage Project, haɗin gwiwa ne da aka yi aiki tare da Arizona Historical Society don adana labaru game da al'ummar Amurka ta Tucson.

## Ayyuka da rubuce-rubuce
An san Preciado Martin da aikinta na tattara tarihin baki daga tsofaffin 'yan Mexico-Amurka.  Ta yi magana game da nuna bambanci ga matan Mexican-Amurka,  kuma tana aiki don raba labarun al'adun ta don hana ta zama "homogenized".  Preciado Martin ya yi aiki tare da masu daukar hoto don hada tarihin baki tare da hotuna na mazaunan Arizona  da iyalan Amurkawa na Mexico.  A cikin littafinta na 1992, Songs My Mother Sang to Me: An Oral History of Mexican American Women, ta raba tambayoyin mata na Mexican-Amurka na yankin Arizona waɗanda suka gabatar da abubuwan da suka gabata daban-daban. A shekara ta 2000, littafinta, Amor Eterno: Eleven Lessons in Love, ya ba da labarin wata mace da ta yi addu'a don dawowar ɗanta daga yaƙi. Littafinta na 2016, *El Milagro da Sauran Labarai,* an daidaita shi a cikin wasan inuwa da aka gabatar a Tucson a cikin 2016.

## Kyaututtuka da girmamawa
A shekara ta 1997, Preciado Martin ta sami suna daga kungiyar Arizona Library Association a matsayin Mawallafin Shekara a shekara ta 1997.  Ta sami lambar yabo ta Masanin Jama'a na Arizona a cikin shekara ta 2000. Ta kuma sami lambar yabo daga kwamitin Mujer 2000 da Jami'ar Arizona Hispanic Alumni Association .  A shekara ta 2001, ta sami lambar yabo ta Kudu maso Yamma.   A shekara ta 2003, ta gabatar da lacca na Lawrence Clark Powell,  kuma a shekara ta 2005 ta sami lambar yabo ta Sharlot Hall.

## Manazarta
Tarihin Tarihi na Rochester

**Rochester Oral History Archive (ROHA) Project** yana zaune ne a Rochester, Michigan. Manufar ROHA ita ce tattara abubuwan tunawa game da birnin Rochester da kuma tattara su a cikin tsarin jama'a, na dijital. Aikin yana amfana ba kawai mazauna Rochester ba har ma da wadanda ba mazauna ba waɗanda ke da sha'awar tarihin birnin.

ROHA tana samun tallafi ne daga duka Meadow Brook Writing Project, wani ɓangare na National Writing Project. Gina Civic 'Net, wani shiri wanda ke ba da tallafi ga ayyukan da ke samun hanyoyin kirkira don shiga cikin al'adun jama'a ta amfani da intanet.

Ana gayyatar mazauna Rochester masu shekaru 55 da haihuwa don raba abubuwan da suka faru ta hanyar rikodin dijital a abubuwan da suka shafi tattarawa ko tambayoyin sirri. Masu bincike suna amfani da jerin abubuwan da aka bayar don yin hira da mazauna, waɗanda aka rubuta abubuwan tunawa a cikin tsarin mp3 kuma aka ba da gudummawa ga Rochester Oral History Archive. ROHA sa'an nan kuma ya ɗora waɗannan fayiloli zuwa shafin yanar gizon aikin inda jama'a za su iya samun damar su.

Dalibai na shekara ta farko a Jami'ar Oakland suna da damar shiga a matsayin masu hira.

## Manazarta
Shirley Sherwood

**Shirley Angela Sherwood** OBE (an haife **ta** a ranar 1 ga watan Yuli 1933) marubuciya ce 'yar ƙasar Birtaniya, mai ilimin tsirrai kuma mai taimakon jama'a.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haife ta Shirley Cross. Sherwood ta yi karatu a Kwalejin St Anne, Oxford . Ta yi digiri na farko a fannin ilmin tsirrai da kuma digiri na D.Phil. tana aiki a kan wani aiki da ya kai ga samun horon horo .

## Sana'a
Ita ce mai tattara bayanai game da zane-zanen tsirrai  kuma marubuciyar littattafai game da   na tsirrai. An buɗe *Shirley Sherwood Gallery of Botanical Art*, a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 2008, a Kew Gardens, kuma an sanya mata suna.  Ita ce gallery ta farko a duniya da aka keɓe musamman ga fasahar tsirrai. An bayyana Sherwood a matsayin "ƙarfin da ke bayan farfaɗo da sha'awar fasahar tsirrai". 

Ita ce mataimakiyar shugabar ƙungiyar Nature in Art Trust. 

## Daraja
An nada Sherwood a matsayin Jami'in Order of the British Empire (OBE) a bikin karramawa na Sabuwar Shekara ta 2012 saboda ayyukan fasahar tsirrai. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
A shekarar 1977, Sherwood ya auri ɗan kasuwa James Sherwood,   wanda ya bayyana a cikin jerin masu kuɗi na Sunday Times na 2004. 

'Ya'yanta maza, Simon da Charles, daga aurenta na baya sun ɗauki sunan mahaifinsa. 

## Littattafan tarihi

* *Fasahar Juyin Halittar Shuke-shuke* (2009), na Dr. Shirley Sherwood da Dr. W John Kress
* *Masu Fasahar Tsirrai na Zamani: Tarin Shirley Sherwood* (1996); bugu na 2 2003 
* *Sabuwar Fure: Shekaru 1000 na Fasahar Tsirrai* (2005), na Shirley Sherwood, Stephen Harris da Barrie Edward Juniper
* *Taskokin Fasahar Tsirrai: Gumaka daga Tarin Shirley Sherwood da Kew* (2008), na Shirley Sherwood da Martyn Rix
* *Sha'awar Shuke-shuke: Ayyukan Gine-gine na Zamani daga Tarin Shirley Sherwood* (2001)
* *Venice Simplon Orient-Express: Dawowar Jirgin Ƙasa Mafi Shahara a Duniya* (1983); bugu na 2 1985; bugu na 3 1990; bugu na 4 1996
* Shirley AM Cross (1977) Wurin da aka samo maganin hana karɓar histamine da histamine H2 a cikin mucosa na ciki *Jaridar Histochemical shafi* **na 9** shafi na 619–644

## Duba kuma

* Florilegium

## Manazarta
Willie McGinest

**William Lee McGinest Jr.** (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta 1971) tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na Amurka wanda ya taka leda a Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Kasa (NFL) na tsawon shekaru 15, da farko tare da New England Patriots . Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga USC Trojans, sau biyu ya sami lambar yabo ta All-Pac-10 ta farko, kuma Patriots sun zaba shi na huɗu gaba ɗaya a cikin shirin NFL na 1994. A lokacin da ya yi shekaru 12 tare da tawagar, an kira shi zuwa Pro Bowls biyu kuma ya lashe lambobin Super Bowl uku. McGinest kuma yana riƙe da rikodin postseason don sacks. Don nasarorin da ya samu a New England, an shigar da shi cikin Patriots Hall of Fame a shekarar 2015.

## Rayuwa ta farko
Na biyu cikin yara huɗu, McGinest ya halarci Makarantar sakandare ta Long Beach Polytechnic,   inda ya sami girmamawa a duk jihohi a kwallon kafa da kwando. A cikin kwallon kafa, ya sami karbuwa ta Amurka daga mujallu na Super Prep, *Blue Chip*, da *Tom Lemming* kuma an zaba shi zuwa ƙungiyoyi masu yawa, yana samun girmamawa a duk birni, jihar, da kuma yankin a matsayin mai ba da layi a shekarar 1989. Ya yi jimillar 107 tackles, ciki har da 18 sacks, biyu fumble recoveries, hudu passes kare, ciki har le interception, da kuma toshe hudu kicks a matsayin babban jami'in. A shekara ta 2009, an zabi McGinest a cikin Hall of Fame na kwallon kafa na Poly .  A kotun, ya sami *Long Beach Press-Telegram* "Mafi Kyau a Yamma," All-CIF Southern Section da kuma girmamawa duk-league yayin da yake samun maki 14 a kowane wasa a lokacin kakar 1989-90.

## Ayyukan kwaleji
Daga 1990 zuwa 1993, McGinest ya buga kwallon kafa a Jami'ar Kudancin California . Ya sa lamba 55. McGinest ya sami lambar yabo ta shekara uku a jere da kuma yabo ta Amurka. A lokacin babban shekarunsa, ya kasance dan wasan karshe na Lombardi Award, kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta All-American da All-Pac-10. Ya fara kowane wasa a ƙarshen tsaron Trojans. McGinest ya gama aikinsa na kwaleji tare da 193 tackles (134 solos), 29 sacks (171 yadudduka), 48 tackles for loss (238 yadudduka). McGinest ya sami digiri a cikin gwamnati daga USC a shekarar 1994. 

## manazarta
N. D. Popescu-Popnedea

**Nicolae D. Popescu**, wanda aka fi sani da **Poppescu**, **Popnedea** da **Nedea Popescu** (9 ga Agusta, 1843 - Yuni, 1921), marubuci ne na Romania, masanin tarihin baki, mai tara almanac da kuma mai adana bayanai, ya zama sananne kuma ya ci nasara ta hanyar labarun *Hajduk*. Daga asalin manoma, an haife shi a Wallachia kuma ya shafe ƙuruciyarsa a cikin United Principalities . Ayyukansa a cikin aikin gwamnati ya fara ne a 1861, yayin da ya fara aiki a matsayin marubuci ya faru ne bayan shekaru uku, tare da wani labari mai ban sha'awa a kan Radu the Handsome . Popnedea daga baya ya fara karɓar wahayi daga Al'adun Romania, ya kirkiro wani labari wanda ya dogara da Tarihin tarihi Meșterul Manole, kafin ya kirkiro nau'in *Hajduk* na swashbuckler - haɗuwa a cikin littafin kasada da tarihin tarihi - da gwaji tare da littafin motsin rai. Ya himmatu ga mulkin mallaka na Hohenzollern da kishin kasa na Romania, ya yi amfani da yakin neman 'yancin kai na zamani, wanda ya ba da takardun labarin da gudummawarsa a matsayin sanannen masanin tarihi. Ayyukansa sun haɗu da goyon bayansa ga Jam'iyyar Liberal ta Kasa, wanda ya kasance memba mai kafawa.

## Tarihin rayuwa
### Farko
An haifi "Popnedea" a Bucharest, babban birnin Wallachia, ga firist na Orthodox na Romania Dimitrie Popescu da matarsa Niculina. Kamar yadda ya lura a cikin tarihin kansa na 1905, kakanninsa a bangarorin biyu sun kasance "masu cin ganyayyaki", waɗanda ke ƙasa da yeomanry (*moșneni*);  a baya ya bayyana cewa Dimitrie ɗan asalin Dolj County ne a Oltenia (Wallachia ta yammacin uku), kuma, ta hanyar labarinsa, ya sami fahimtar rayuwar *Hajduks* ta farkon ƙarni na 19. Kimanin shekaru biyu bayan haihuwar ɗansa, Dimitrie ya zama parson na Ikilisiyar Icoanei, a tsakiyar Bucharest, yana aiki a can har zuwa 1869. Ya sami wani Ikklisiya a shekara ta 1875, ya koma wajen, a Buciumeni, har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1879 . 

### Shahararren farko
A cewar mai sukar wallafe-wallafen Vladimir Streinu, roƙon Popescu, kamar na marubutan zamani kamar Petre Ispirescu, an yi shi ne saboda asalinsa, a lokacin da aka ƙarfafa jama'ar birane su sake duba kakanninsu na karkara. Masanin ilimin harshe Ion C. Chițimia ya ga Popnedea a matsayin wanda bai cika ba fiye da Ispirescu da Dumitru Stăncescu, tunda biyun na ƙarshe suna da sha'awar sahihanci, har zuwa adanawa a rubuce-rubucen tsarin magana na manoma (wani abu da Popnedea gabaɗaya ya guje).  Popescu da kansa ya yi imanin cewa salon rubuce-rubucensa ya samo asali ne daga harshen "mai sauƙi da sauƙi" na mutane. Ya yi farin ciki da samun 'yanci rubuce-rubucen tarihi daga harshen wallafe-wallafen "archaic" na tarihin dā. Wannan da'awar ta mayar da ita daga mai karatu, kuma ɗan'uwansa marubuci, Ion Pas, wanda ya kira shi "harshe na mutane", "marasa ƙwarewa, ba a yi ado da yawa ba".

## Manazarta
John Menzies (mai zane)

**John Menzies** (1871-1939) ya kasance mai zane-zane da hotuna na Scotland.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife shi a Scotland a Old Machar, Aberdeen, a cikin 1871. Ya zauna a Wakefield kuma a cikin 1880-1897 a titin Jarratt na 8, Sculcoates, wani yanki na Hull, yana aiki da farko a matsayin malamin ɗaliban fasaha a Hull School of Art and Design a titin Albion na 2 sannan a zane da abun da ke ciki a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Edinburgh .  Ya yi karatun fasaha a Ingila inda ya sami rinjaye daga Makarantar Newlyn na masu zane-zane na Impressionist da kuma masu zane-zanen Faransa na ƙarshen karni na 19. Matarsa Maria Menzies ita ma mai zane-zane ce mai cin nasara a cikin ruwa kuma ta nuna ko'ina tare da mijinta a Dudley Museum da Art Gallery, Royal Academy, Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours, Royal Academy a London, Royal Glasgow Institute of the Fine Arts, Walker Art Gallery a Liverpool, Manchester Art Gallery da Royal Scottish Academy a Edinburgh. Ya mutu a Edinburgh a shekara ta 1939.

## Ayyukan zane-zane
Ya kasance mai zane a cikin al'adun gargajiya na Birtaniya. Ya zana *[[En plein air|a waje]]*, a cikin iska, ta amfani da bugun buroshi mai sauri da rikice-rikice yana ƙoƙarin kama yanayin wani lokaci na rana ko tasirin haske a cikin wuri mai faɗi. Ya yi aiki da sauri tare da launuka marasa gauraye don cimma tasirin kuzari. Dukkanin abubuwan da aka fentin sun haɗu da rashin zane da tsananin launuka masu girgiza. Sakamakon karshe shine zane cike da ainihin jin daɗi da rayuwa godiya ga manyan masu gabatarwa guda biyu: haske da launi.

## Manazarta
Mihail Roller

'**''Mihai'<nowiki/>'' Roller** (pronunciation Romanian: [mihaˈil ˈrolər], sunan farko **Ruwa** Mihai, wanda aka fi sani da Rolea ko Rollea;  6 ga Mayu 1908 - 21 ga Yuni 1958) ya kasance mai gwagwarmayar kwaminisanci na Romania, masanin tarihi da farfaganda, wanda ke da iko mai tsauri game da tarihin Romania da al'adu a farkon shekarun mulkin kwaminisanci. A lokacin da yake horo a aikin injiniya, ya haɗu da ƙungiyoyin kwaminisanci a Romania da ƙasashen waje, ya shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Romania yayin da har yanzu kungiya ce ta karkashin kasa. Ya yi aiki tare da shugabannin Agitprop Leonte Răutu da Iosif Chișinevschi, ya yi aiki a kurkuku saboda aikin kwaminisanci, kuma daga ƙarshe ya yi gudun hijira zuwa Tarayyar Soviet, inda ya horar da Tarihin Marxist.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Roller a Buhuși, sannan wani Garin a cikin Neamț County, ga dangin Yahudawa; kamar yadda Roller da kansa ya ruwaito, mahaifinsa rabbi ne,  kodayake wasu kafofin sun nuna shi a matsayin ma'aikaci.  Yaron ya kammala karatun sakandare a Bacău,  kuma nan da nan ya zama mai tausayi ga dalilai na hagu. Ranar da ya kasance tare da haramtacciyar Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Romania (PCdR), daga baya Jam'iyyar Ma'aikata (PMR), har yanzu ana jayayya. Tsohon marubucin kwaminisanci Mihai Stoian ya ba da 1926, yana mai lura da cewa ya dace da aikin yajin aiki a Buhuși. Sauran kafofin sun nuna cewa ya shiga ne kawai a shekara ta 1931. Masanin tarihi Lucian Boia ya rubuta cewa Roller, kamar sauran mazajen kwaminisanci na ƙarni, ba zai iya zama memba mai ɗaukar katin a wannan matakin ba, tunda hakan zai zama hujja ta zahiri ta aikin makirci. Wataƙila, an shigar da Roller ta hanyar sanarwa ta baki.

### Kaddamarwa da raguwar lafiya
An san shi da "injiniya Roller" ko "Rolea" a cikin fayilolin da 'yan sanda na sirri na  na Masarautar Romania ke riƙewa, ya fara jan hankalin hukumomi bayan ganowar na'urar buga littattafai ta sirri a Bucharest. A farkon watanni na 1933, Roller ya kasance malami ne na akidar a cikin Green Sector, kuma ya yi aiki a can har zuwa Oktoba, lokacin da aka kama shi. An sake shi a watan Nuwamba, an tura shi zuwa yankin asalinsa na Yammacin Moldova. Roller da kansa ya tuna cewa ya yi aiki a matsayin sakataren yanki na Oltenia a watan Maris-Afrilu 1934 da Yuli 1934-Mayu 1935.  An sake kama shi a cikin 1934 da 1938, kodayake ba a taɓa yanke masa hukunci ba saboda rashin shaidar. A cewar takardun PCdR, tsakanin kama-kashen da ya yi Roller ya tattauna da wasu kungiyoyin gurguzu: a cikin 1934, yana ɗaya daga cikin mambobin "kwamitin adawa da fascist" da yawa waɗanda suka gudanar da tattaunawa tare da Jam'iyyar Socialist Party (PSU) ta Constantin Popovici . 

## Manazarta