Umberto Cassuto

## Early life and career
An haifi Cassuto a Florence a matsayin ɗan Gustavo da Ernesta Galletti a cikin dangin Yahudawa masu bin addinin gargajiya.  Cassuto ya yi karatu a can a Jami'ar Florence (ya kammala karatunsa a 1906), kuma *Kwalejin Rabbinico* (wanda aka naɗa a 1908), inda babban malaminsa Samuel Hirsch Margulies ya yi tasiri sosai a kansa.  Bayan samun digiri da *Semicha*, ya koyar a makarantun biyu. Daga 1922 zuwa 1925, shi ne Babban Malamin Florence.  A 1925 ya zama farfesa a fannin Ibrananci da adabi a Jami'ar Florence sannan ya hau kujerar harshen Ibrananci a Jami'ar Rome La Sapienza . Lokacin da dokokin kin jinin Yahudawa na 1938 suka tilasta masa barin wannan matsayi, ya karɓi gayyatar zama shugaban nazarin Littafi Mai Tsarki a Jami'ar Ibrananci ta Urushalima a Falasɗinu ta Dole a 1939, inda ya koyar har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1951. 

## Aiki

### Fassara da sharhin Ugaritic
Cassuto yana ɗaya daga cikin malaman farko da suka fahimci muhimmancin abubuwan da aka gano a tarihi daga Ugarit a Siriya, da kuma kamanceceniya tsakanin rubutun Ugarit da Littafi Mai Tsarki na Ibrananci . Nazarinsa na Ugaritic ya ba da haske sosai kan tsarin adabi da kuma tafsirin kalmomin Littafi Mai Tsarki. Littafinsa Ha-Elah Anat (1951, 1965; The Goddess Anath, 1970), fassarar da ta ƙunshi gabatarwa da sharhin rubuce-rubucen Ugarit, musamman almarar Baal, tana da matuƙar muhimmanci.

### Asalin Pentateuch
A rabin farko na karni na 20, sigar Julius Wellhausen ta hasashe na shirin gaskiya ya zama babban ra'ayi kan asalin Pentateuch a fannin ilimi. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup> Littafin Cassuto mai ''suna The Documentary Hypothesis and the Composition of the Pentateuch'' (Ibrananci, ''Torat HaTeudot'', 1941; fassarar Turanci, 1961) ya yi suka ga Wellhausen; Cassuto ya gabatar da cewa wata makaranta ta sake rubuta Pentateuch a kusan ƙarni na 10 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa.  Duk da haka, tambayar lokacin da aka rubuta Pentateuch a ƙarshe ba ta shafi wani ɓangare na sukar Cassuto game da ka'idoji masu rinjaye game da ainihin tsarinsa ba, wanda shine babban abin da ya fi damunsa, don haka ya ɗauki tambayar tarihi ne kawai a ƙarshe kuma a matsayin batu na biyu a cikin ''The Documentary Hypothesis and the Composition of the Pentateuch'' . Cassuto ya dage a cikin wannan aikin cewa kawai taƙaitaccen bayani ne, a cikin laccoci takwas, na bincikensa mai zurfi da cikakken bayani game da hasashen shirin a cikin littafinsa mai suna ''La Questione della Genesi'' (1934). Ya nuna duk ɗaliban da suka yi aiki tuƙuru ga aikin na ƙarshe a kusan kowace babi. Duk da haka, akwai wasu ra'ayoyi game da wannan cikakken la'akari a Turanci a cikin ''Sharhin Littafin Farawa (Sashe na I) daga Adamu zuwa Nuhu'' (1961) da ''(Sashe na II) daga Nuhu zuwa Ibrahim'' (1964), da kuma ''Sharhin Littafin Fitowa'' (1967). 

Cassuto's criticisms, while influential amongst many Jewish scholars, were dismissed by the overwhelming majority of Christian scholars at the time, although Oswald Thompson Allis (1943) argued along parallel lines. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D; Most scholars have tended to ignore Cassuto's *The Documentary Hypothesis and the Composition of the Pentateuch* beyond mentioning it in their footnotes listings. &#x5B;*nbsp;needed*&#x5D;  Scholars such as Rolf Rendtorff and John Van Seters have also put forward theories on Pentateuchal historical origins very similar to Cassuto's, at least insofar as their views on its mode of composition are concerned. Modern ideas about the dating of the Torah, however, have not endorsed Cassuto's specific early historical dating, and the trend today is for the final act of composition to be seen as lying in the period 500–400 BC, or even later.

### manazarta