Betty Clements

**Grace Elizabeth** " **Betty** " **Clements** (14 ga Afrilu, 1918 &#x2013; 17 ga Yuli, 1965) likita ce 'yar Amurka, wacce bayan ta yi aiki a Matan Jiragen Sama na Sojojin Sama (WASP) a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, ta zama mace ta farko da ke zaune a Asibitin Mayo da ke Rochester, Minnesota, da ta sadaukar da kanta ga aikin ilimin jijiyoyi bayan zama a wurin zama. Daga baya ta kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Jijiyoyi ta Barrow .

Clements ta sami tallafin karatu na Regents don nazarin ilimi a Jami'ar Nebraska kuma ya sami matsayi a Kwamitin Mortar na Jami'ar. Bayan kammala karatunta a 1939 an nada ta a matsayin mai kula da ilimin jiki na 'yan mata a makarantun jama'a na McCook da kuma Kwalejin Junior ta McCook . Ta sami lasisin matukin jirgi mai zaman kanta a shekarar 1942, bayan haka aka yarda da ita cikin shirin WASP. A matsayinta na WASP a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, ta isa sansanin sojan saman Wendover na Utah, ta fito daga jirgin sama, kuma ta ba jami'an mamaki suna gaishe ta da kasancewa mace. Ta kasance daga cikin ƙungiyar da ke tashi da manufofi da ke da alaƙa da aikin Manhattan na sirri.

Bayan an sallame ta da mutunci daga WASP, ta koma makarantar horar da ma'aikatan asibiti ta Red Cross na Amurka, kuma har zuwa watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1946 aka tura ta a Philippines. A can, a lokacin da take da hutu ta kula da mutanen da ke fama da kuturta a Tala Leprosarium, kuma daga baya ta shirya kayan aiki masu mahimmanci da za a canja su can daga Nebraska. 

Ta mutu daga ciwon daji a shekarar 1965 kuma a shekarar 2010 an ba ta lambar yabo ta zinare ta majalisa.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Grace Elizabeth Clements, wacce aka fi sani da Betty, an haife ta ne a ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 1918, ga Guy L. da Marie Clements a Nebraska" id="mwJw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Elmwood, Nebraska">Elmwood, a tsakiyar yammacin jihar Nebraska. 'Yan uwanta sune Dwight da Gary, kuma ta girma tana san' ya'yan marubucin Bess Streeter Aldrich .  Bayan ta sami matsakaicin matsakaicin matsayi a cikin aji bayan shekaru uku kawai a makarantar sakandare, ta sami Regents Scholarship don karatun ilimi a Jami'ar Nebraska kuma ta sami matsayi a Kwamitin Jami'ar. Bayan kammala karatunta a 1939 an nada ta a matsayin mai kula da ilimin jiki na 'yan mata a makarantun jama'a na McCook da kuma a Kwalejin Junior ta McCook.

## Yaƙin Duniya na II

A cikin 1939, tare da farawar Yaƙin Duniya na II kuma yayin da yake malami, Clements ya fara darussan tashi. A shekara ta 1941 ta koma Hastings, Nebraska .  A can, ta kula da tsarin makarantar jama'a ta Hastings kuma ta koyar a Kwalejin Hastings har zuwa 1943, shekara ta biyo bayan fitowar lasisin matukin jirgi mai zaman kansa. Ta shiga Rundunar Horar da Sojojin Sama a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1943.  A watan da ya biyo baya an yarda da ita a cikin shirin Mata Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) wanda Jacqueline Cochran ke jagoranta. Clements ta bayyana horo na watanni bakwai tare da WASPs a matsayin "koyarwar cadet ta yau da kullun sai dai mafi ƙarancin horo, babu bindiga". 

A shekara ta 1943 an cire ta daga horo don ayyukan sirri da ke da alaƙa da aikin Manhattan lokacin da manyan jami'ai suka fahimci cewa mace ce. An rubuta sunanta a matsayin G. E. Clements, kuma an gano bayanan ta don dacewa da ka'idojin da Colonel Paul Tibbets Jr. ya buƙaci a Wendover Air Force Base na Utah, don ayyukan sirri da ke da alaƙa da Manhattan Project.   Ba tare da sanin a lokacin cewa mace ce ba, an zaba ta da kuskure kuma ta ba da mamaki ga jami'an da suka zo su gaishe ta a Wendover. Da yake ita ce WASP, ba za a iya tura ta zuwa ayyukan kasashen waje ba kuma dole ne ta zauna a kan ayyukan gida tana canja jirgin sama daga masana'anta zuwa tushe, jawo manufofi na bindigogi, da kuma kammala zirga-zirgar injiniya. A lokacin da take a sansanin, ta ba da rahoton kauce wa jami'an FBI, kuma tana jin "tsoron mutuwa" don magana game da lokacin har ma bayan yakin.

Bayan barin soja mai daraja daga WASP a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1944, ta koma makarantar horar da Red Cross na Amurka don ma'aikatan asibiti a Jami'ar Amurka da ke Washington, DC, a watan Maris na shekara ta 1945. [1][2]

## Manazarta