Clarence Bicknell

**Clarence Bicknell** (27 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1842 - 17 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1918) ya kasance mai kula da Birtaniya, masanin ilimin kimiyyar tarihi, masanin tsire-tsire, mai zane-zane, Esperantist, marubuci kuma mai ba da agaji. Ya kafa Gidan Tarihi na Bicknell a Bordighera, Italiya. Har ila yau an sanya masa suna titin ne a Bordighera, da nau'ikan shuke-shuke guda biyu.

## Rayuwa ta farko

Clarence Bicknell shi ne ɗan ƙarami na ɗan kasuwa na Burtaniya mai cin nasara kuma mai kula da zane-zane, Elhanan Bicknell (1788-1861), da matarsa ta uku, Lucinda Sarah (1801-1850).  Clarence da goma daga cikin 'yan uwansa sun tsira daga ƙuruciya kuma sun girma a gidan iyayensu, kewaye da manyan lambuna, a Herne Hill, London. Yana da shekaru bakwai kawai lokacin da mahaifiyarsa ta mutu a shekara ta 1850. Mahaifinsa ya sake yin aure bayan shekara guda kuma ba da daɗewa ba aka tura saurayi Clarence zuwa makarantar kwana ta Rev J. Edward a Dorney, Buckinghamshire .

Elhanan Bicknell ya kasance mai himma Unitarian kuma babban mai ba da gudummawa ga Ƙungiyar Unitarian ta Burtaniya da ta Ƙasashen Waje .  Ɗansa Clarence ya rabu da bangaskiyar mahaifinsa kuma a 1861, shekarar mutuwar mahaifinsa, an yi masa baftisma a cikin Cocin Ingila. A wannan shekarar ya fara karatunsa a Kwalejin Trinity, Cambridge, inda ya sami B.A. a lissafi a shekara ta 1865.  Ya yanke shawarar yin aiki a cikin Hidimar Anglican, ya shiga umarni masu tsarki kuma An naɗa shi mai hidima a 1866. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, ya zama firist.

Matsayin farko na Clarence Bicknell ya kasance a matsayin curate a St Paul's, Walworth, inda ya kasance har zuwa Nuwamba 1873. Daga nan sai ya karbi matsayi a Cocin St Peter, Stoke a kan Tern, ƙauye a Shropshire . A watan Satumbar 1878, ya karbi mukamin limami a sabon cocin Anglican da ake ginawa ga al'ummar Burtaniya a Bordighera, Italiya, sanannen wurin shakatawa ga masu yawon bude ido masu arziki.

## Rayuwa a Italiya

Clarence Bicknell ya koma Bordighera daga baya a cikin shekarar kuma ya sayi Villa Rosa, wanda ya zama gidansa har tsawon rayuwarsa. Daga cikin abokansa da abokan hulɗa a cikin al'ummar kasashen waje sun kasance masanin lambu Ellen Willmott, marubucin George MacDonald, ma'aikacin banki Raphael Bischoffsheim, masanin gine-gine Charles Garnier, ɗan kasuwa Sir Thomas Hanbury da mai zane Louise Jopling.

Ƙasar Ingila a Bordighera, da Clarence Bicknell musamman, galibi suna tallafawa dalilai masu cancanta. Lokacin da babban girgizar ƙasa ta lalata yankin a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu 1887, wanda ya haifar da mutuwar kusan 600 da lalacewa mai yawa, ya shiga Kwamitin Taimako na Girgizar Kasa kuma ya ɗauki jaki cike da kayan abinci da bargo zuwa ƙauyukan tsaunuka da suka lalace. Ya ba da tallafin kuɗi ga ɗaliban yankin da ke gudanar da ilimi mafi girma ko horo na ƙwararru. Daga cikin wadannan akwai wani bricklayer ya zama mawaƙi na opera, Pietro Zeni (1870-1932). A shekara ta 1911, ya ba da kuɗi don sayen da gyaran gida a Bordighera wanda ya zama Gidan St Joseph na Tsofaffi Talakawa. Ya ba da gudummawa ga goyon bayan 'yan gudun hijira da suka zo garin a lokacin yakin duniya na farko. A lokacin rikici ya ba da gud gudummawa tare da Red Cross don mirgine bandeji da tattara jaka na sphagnum moss don yin sutura.

## Manazarta