Alaide Gualberta Beccari

**Mace">Alaide Gualberta Beccari** (an haife ta a shekarar 1842 a Padua - ta mutu a 1906) 'yar kasar Italiya ce mai fafutukar matan jamhuriya, mai son zaman lafiya, kuma mai gyara zamantakewa, wacce ta buga mujallar mata a cikin shekarun 1870 da kuma shekarar 1880.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Alaide Beccari a Padua a shekarar 1842, ita kaɗai ce daga cikin 'ya'yan iyayenta 12 da ta tsira har zuwa balaga. Mahaifin Beccari ma'aikacin gwamnati ne a Padua, wanda ya kasance wani ɓangare na Daular Austro-Hungary a lokacin. Mahaifin Beccari ya kasance mai goyon bayan hadin kan Italiya kuma ya shiga Risorgimento a lokacin tashin hankali na 1848. Lokacin da tashin hankali ya gaza, sai ya gudu zuwa Turin. Ta yi aiki a matsayin sakataren mahaifinta na wani lokaci, sannan ta koma Padua lokacin da sojojin Lombardy-Venetia suka kama ta.

A lokacin da *Mace* da shekaru 16, Beccari tana zaune a Venice, inda ta ƙaddamar da mujallar Woman .

## ''Mace''
An buga mujallar Woman sau biyu a kowane *Mace*. Littafin Beccari ya inganta haƙƙin mata bayan Haɗin Italiya a 1861.  Ta kasance mai gyara zamantakewar al'umma, lokacin da sauye-sauyen ɗabi'a da siyasa ke samun goyon baya a Burtaniya, Faransa, Amurka, da sauran wurare a matsayin wani ɓangare na babban yunkuri na gyare-gyare a cikin karni na 19.

*Mace* muryar mata ce mai ban sha'awa a Italiya a cikin shekarun 1870 da 1880, kuma a cikin harshen lokacin, ta goyi bayan "yancin mata". Beccari, kamar sauran 'yan mata na Italiya na ƙarni (kamar Erminia Fuà, Aurelia Cimino Folliero, Sara Nathan, Giovanna Garcea, da Adelaide Cairoli) sun daidaita' yancin mata da siyasar hadin kan Italiya, suna nufin "Risorgimento na mace". Jaridar Woman ta ba da labarin ga Anna Maria Mozzoni, *Mace* ta yi yaƙi don sake fasalin dokokin Italiya da ke tsara karuwanci. Mozzoni da Beccari sun yada manufar "mace 'yar ƙasa" da "mahaifiyar mai kishin ƙasa". *Mace* kuma ta inganta abubuwan da suka haifar da Josephine Butler. Labaran da aka buga a cikin Woman an fassara su kuma an buga su a kasashen *Mace*, a cikin mujallar mata ta Ingila Englishwoman's Review . A shekara ta 1877, *Mace* ta gudanar da korafi, inda ta sami sa hannu 3000 don tallafawa 'yancin mata a Italiya.

Beccari ya yi imanin cewa mata na iya ba da daidaituwa mai kyau ga "militarism" na maza. Ta goyi bayan abubuwan zaman lafiya, kuma Mace sau da yawa ta ba da ɗaukar hoto ga ƙungiyoyin masu zaman lafiya, kamar kafa Ƙungiyar Mata ta Duniya (IAW) ta Marie Goegg a Geneva a cikin 1870. [1]

Beccari ya kuma rubuta wasan kwaikwayo. Ta rubuta Un caso di divorzio (A Case of Divorce), wanda aka yi a 1881, wanda a baya an soki shi game da ingancin wallafe-wallafen a matsayin "mai tausayi" da "mai hangowa"; musamman, babu aure ga "mace" ta biyu a cikin wasan kwaikwayo. Koyaya, wasan yana da ban sha'awa saboda an rubuta shi kuma an samar da shi. Mata marubuta a Italiya ba su da yawa a lokacin, kamar yadda yawancin mata ba su da ilimi a Italiya, kuma wasu mata kalilan ne kawai ke rubutawa da samar da wasan kwaikwayo a Italiya a wannan lokacin; Luisa Marenco-Martini-Bernardi, Irma Meladny Scodnik, da Amelia Rosselli wasu mata ne masu wasan kwaikwayo a wannan zamanin a Italiya. Hakkin mata ya zo Italiya ne kawai tare da rushewar mulkin Fascist a 1945; za a halatta saki a Italiya ne laeng a shekarar 1970. 

An tilasta wa Beccari ta kawo karshen editan *Mace* a shekara ta 1887 saboda rashin lafiya; Emilia Mariani ta zama editan mata.

## Shekaru na baya
Beccari ya ci *Mama* da rubutu, ya kafa mujallar yara da ake kira Mamma . Ta ba da tallafi ga sauran mata marubuta da ke ƙoƙarin ƙaddamar da ayyukansu.

Beccari ya yi sanyin gwiwa saboda rashin goyon baya ga abubuwan mata a Italiya. Ta zama mai goyon bayan murya na zamantakewar al'umma, wanda ya haifar da asarar goyon baya daga masu tsattsauran ra'ayi.

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin masu fafutukar zaman lafiya

## Manazarta