H. Vinton Plummer

**Henry Vinton Plummer, Jr**. (an haife shi a shekara ta 1876) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, wakilin gidaje, mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a, kuma bakar fata. A cikin 1920s, ya shiga cikin Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association da African Communities League (UNIA), yana jagorantar tallan ƙungiyoyi da fuka-fukan farfaganda, sabis na sirri na Garvey, da ƙungiyar sa.

## Rayuwar farko da iyali
An haifi Henry Vinton Plummer, Jr. a shekara ta 1876 a Hyattsville, Maryland zuwa Henry V. Plummer, ministan Baptist da ɗakin sujada na gaba. Mahaifin Plummer ya kasance a sansani a Yammacin Amurka daga 1884 zuwa 1894, kuma Plummer ya halarci makarantu a cikin ko kusa da waɗannan garu. Ya halarci makarantar sakandare a Wyoming, inda ya kasance valedictorian na ajinsa, wanda a cikinsa shi ne baƙar fata ɗalibi, wanda ya kammala karatunsa a 1889. Ya shiga Jami'ar Nebraska daga 1897-1900 kuma daga baya aka shigar da shi mashaya a Omaha. Matar Plummer, Zora B. Rucker ta sauke karatu daga Cibiyar Armor da ke Chicago a cikin kimanin 1905 kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin malami a fannin tattalin arziki na gida, sau da yawa yana tafiya a cikin kasar.

## Sana'a
Rayuwa a Omaha, Plummer ya shiga cikin doka, dukiya, da siyasar gida. A cikin 1907, Plummer ya yi aiki tare da mai kula da saloon Ole Jackson don adawa da wani doka a majalisar dokoki ta jiha wanda zai hana yin tipping a matsayin rashin adalci ga ma'aikatan sabis. A cikin 1908, Plummer ya rike mukamin magatakardar haraji a ofishin magatakarda na gundumar kuma ya yi magana game da korar jami'an bakar fata don goyon bayan farar fata su jagoranci kamfanonin kashe gobara.

A cikin Satumba 1908, Plummer ya kasance wakilin Omaha zuwa babban taron Jam'iyyar Republican na kasa a Cincinnati, Ohio. A wannan faɗuwar, ya yi takara a matsayin ɗan takarar Republican na Majalisar Nebraska. An fifita shi a tseren amma ya sha kashi. A cikin Disamba 1908, Plummer ya goyi bayan takarar Omahan John Grant Pegg don shugaban ƙungiyar adabi ta Interstate a Kansas City.

A watan Fabrairun 1910, an ba Plummer dala goma don biyan belin ko kuma ya taimaka wajen fitar da mace daga kurkuku. Bai yi nasara ba, kuma wanda ya ba Plummer kuɗin ba zai karɓi dawowar sa ba, maimakon haka ya kai ƙarar Plummer. Alkalin da ke wannan shari’ar, Alkalin ‘yan sanda Crawford, ya ce Plummer na kokarin yin zamba da zamba. Plummer ya yi iƙirarin cewa akwai wata makarkashiya don bata sunan sa. A watan Mayu, wani abokin ciniki ya sake ba wa Plummer ƙarin dala goma da ke neman taimako a cikin cinikin ƙasa. Plummer kuma bai yi nasara ba wajen tabbatar da yarjejeniyar kuma abokin ciniki ba zai dawo da kuɗin ba, kuma an sake gurfanar da Plummer. Alkali Crawford ya sake jagorantar shari'ar kuma an sami Plummer da laifi, an hana shi shiga doka, kuma ya ci tarar $ 25 da kuma daure shi na sa'o'i da yawa.

## Washington, D.C.
Daga baya a cikin 1910, ya ƙaura zuwa Washington, D.C., inda ya kafa kasuwancin gidaje. Ya shiga harkokin siyasa mai ci gaba kuma ya kasance mataimakin sajan a makami a babban taron jam'iyyar Progressive Party na kasa na 1912. Ya kuma ci gaba da aikin shari'a. A cikin 1914, Plummer ya kasance mataimaki ga lauya John E. Collins a cikin shari'a a gaban Alkali Daniel Thew Wright. Daga baya, Wright a wancan lokacin shine batun binciken majalisa, kuma Plummer yayi magana a gaban kwamitin akan Wright.

A ƙarshen 1915, Plummer ya sake samun matsala tare da doka, kuma an yanke masa hukumcin kwanaki 30 saboda amfani da cak na jabu. A farkon shekara ta 1916, an gurfanar da shi tare da Thomas F. Karr bisa zargin almubazzaranci.

## UNIA
Ya shiga cikin Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association da African Communities League (UNIA). Plummer memba ne wanda ya kafa Newport News, Virginia UNIA kuma shine mataimakin shugaban reshe na farko daga 1918–1920. Ya zama shugaban ofishin yada labarai da yada farfagandar Black Star Line da kuma shugaban ma'aikatan sirri na Marcus Garvey. Ya kuma kasance jagora a kungiyar sa ta Afirka. A cikin 1920, ya taimaka sake rubuta ka'idojin aikin sojan Amurka don amfani da mayakan kuma ya jagoranci atisaye ga kungiyar.[1] Ya ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a farkon shekarun 1920 kuma a cikin Maris 1921 ya kasance memba na tawagar UNIA da ta yi maraba da shugaban Liberia Charles D. B. King.[1] Ya kuma kasance wakilin New York zuwa taron 1920, 1922, da 1924 UNIA.

Plummer ya ci gaba da samun matsalolin shari'a da na sirri, kuma ya yi aiki a kurkuku a farkon shekarun 1920. A cikin Maris 1923, Plummer da sakataren Garvey, Amy Lamos, sun sami rashin jituwa mai tsanani kuma Plummer ya yi barazanar barin UNIA, amma ya kasance. A taron UNIA na watan Agusta na 1924, Garvey ya tsaya kusa da Plummer bisa zargin cewa Plummer ya yi rashin aminci a lokacin zamansa a kurkuku.

## Manazarta