open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Yawon Buɗe Ido a Burundi

**Yawon Buɗe Ido a Burundi** na nufin yawon bude ido a Burundi. Bujumbura, birni mafi girma kuma tsohon babban birnin Burundi, wani babban abin jan hankali ne na ƙasar.  Ban da wannan, tafkin Tanganyika sanannen wurin yawon bude ido ne. 

## Masana'antu
Burundi na da dimbin albarkatun kasa da namun daji, amma harkar yawon bude ido ta Burundi ba ta da ci gaba. Yawon buɗe ido yana da ɗan ƙaramin kaso a cikin GDP na ƙasar.  Gudunmawar kai tsaye na masana'antar tafiye-tafiye da yawon buɗe ido ga GDP na ƙasar shine 2.1% a cikin shekarar 2013 da 2% a shekarar 2014.  Bisa kididdigar da bankin duniya ya fitar, adadin masu yawon bude ido na kasa da kasa ya karu a shekarun 2000. A shekara ta 2000, kusan masu yawon bude ido na kasa da kasa 29,000 sun ziyarci Burundi, adadin ya karu zuwa 148,000 a shekarar 2005. Yawan masu yawon bude ido ya kai 214,000 a shekarar 2006; zuwa shekarar 2010, masu yawon bude ido 142,000 ne suka ziyarci kasar.     Yayin da bangaren yawon bude ido ya yi kadan amma yana karuwa, tashe-tashen hankulan da ake ci gaba da yi sun lalata harkokin yawon bude ido a kasar.  

Kayayyakin yawon bude ido na da matukar wahala a Burundi. Zaɓuɓɓukan sufuri da masauki ga masu yawon bude ido sun iyakance. A shekara ta 2010, gwamnatin Burundi ta shirya wani shiri na samar da ababen more rayuwa na shekaru 20 tare da hadin gwiwar bankin raya Afirka don inganta ababen more rayuwa na yawon bude ido a kasar. Tallafin ya kuma fito ne daga wasu kasashe da kungiyoyi masu ba da taimako. 

## Nasiha
Alurar riga kafi na zazzabin rawaya(Yellow fever) ya zama dole kafin ziyartar Burundi. Cutar zazzabin cizon sauro tana yaduwa a Burundi, yayin da kuma ana iya buƙatar rigakafin cutar kwalara yayin da za a ziyarci Burundi.  

## Abubuwan jan hankali
Harkokin yawon shakatawa na ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren yawon shakatawa a Burundi. Kibira National Park, Rurubu River da Lake Tanganyika ana daukar su manyan wuraren zama na namun daji. Haka kuma akwai tafkunan tsuntsayen daji da yawa, irin su tafkin Rwihinda. 

Burudian drummers, (Ganguna) wanda aka fi sani da *Abatimbo*, suna ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan jan hankali na al'adu. Ganguna na itace wani bangare ne na tsohuwar al'adun Burundi. Ana kiran sautin su da sunan "tsohuwar" da "tsarki" a Burundi da kuma alamar haɗin kai. A cikin shekarar 2014, an sanya raye-rayen gargajiya na Burundi a cikin jerin abubuwan al'adun gargajiya na UNESCO.  A cikin shekarar 2017, Shugaba Pierre Nkurunziza ya iyakance ayyukan ganga ga abubuwan da suka faru a hukumance kuma ya hana mata yin ganga. 

Babu wani wurin tarihi na duniya da UNESCO ta amince da shi a Burundi amma akwai wurare 10 da ke cikin jerin abubuwan tarihi na UNESCO. Wadannan wurare 10 sun hada da Gishora, Mugamba, Muramvya, Gasumo (mafificin kudancin kogin Nilu), Lake Rwihinda Natural Reserve, Lake Tanganyika, Rusizi National Park, Kibira National Park, Ruvubu National Park da Kagera waterfalls. 

## Hotunan

## Duba kuma

* Manufar Visa na Burundi

## Manazarta
Yawon Buɗe Ido a Eritrea

**Yawon buɗe ido a Eritrea** shine kashi 2% na tattalin arzikin Eritrea har zuwa shekarar 1997. Bayan shekarar 1998, kudaden shiga daga yawon shakatawa sun ragu zuwa kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na matakan shekarar 1997. A shekarar 2006 ya kai kasa da kashi 1% na GDPn kasar.  Hukumar kula da yawon bude ido ta duniya ta kirga cewa kudaden yawon bude ido na kasa da kasa a shekarar 2002 sun kai dalar Amurka miliyan 73 kawai.  Majiyoyi daga shekarar 2015 sun bayyana cewa manyan masu yawon bude ido su ne mazaunan Eritiriya. Har ila yau, akwai wasu ƴan gine-gine masu ban sha'awa da ke ziyartar ƙasar. Sai dai ba a ba wa kamfanin jirgin Eritriya Air Airline izinin zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na kasa da kasa ba saboda tabarbarewar tsaro da kuma takunkumin da aka kakaba mata wanda ya sanya maziyartan kasashen duniya dogaro da kamfanonin jiragen sama irin su Ethiopian Airlines da Turkish Airlines don isa kasar. 

Gwamnati ta fara wani shiri na tsawon shekaru ashirin domin bunkasa harkar yawon bude ido a kasar. Sai dai ci gaban yawon bude ido yana fuskantar fari da mulkin kama-karya na siyasa da yaki. 

## Manazarta
Garba

**Garba** na iya nufin:

* Garba (rawa), wani nau'i ne na rawa da ya samo asali daga Gujarat, Indiya

## Mutane

* Garba (sunan yanka), jerin mutane
* Ahmed Garba (an haife shi a shekara ta alif dari tara da tamanin 1980), ɗan wasan kwallon kafa ta Najeriya
* Bala Garba (an haife shi a shekara ta alif dari tara da saba'in da hudu 1974), kocin kwallon kafa kan Najeriya
* Binta Masi Garba (an haife ta a shekara ta 1967), 'yar siyasar Najeriya kuma 'yar kasuwa
* Hamsou Garba (an haife shi a shekara ta 1958), mawakin Nijar
* Harouna Garba (an haife shi a shekara ta 1986), dan wasan tsere ne ta Najeriya
* Ibrahim Garba, Nigerian university vice-chancellor
* Idris Garba (an haife shi a shekara ta 1947), gwamnan mulkin soja na jihar Kano, Najeriya
* Issoufou Boubacar Garba (an haife shi a shekara ta 1990) shi ne fan wasan kwallon kafa ta kasar Nijar
* Joseph Nanven Garba (1943–2002), Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya, Shugaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya
* Manu Garba (an haife shi a shekara ta 1965) shi ne manajan kwallon kafa ta Najeriya
* Mario Garba (an haife shi a shekara ta 1977), dan wasan Kwallon kafa ta Croatia
* Rufai Garba, Gwamnan jihar Anambra, Nigeria
* Sam Garba (1948–1978),Dan wasan Kwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya
* Seyni Garba, Nigerian Army General
* Yohannan Garba (fl. 691-693), anti-patrirch of the Church of the East

## Wurare

* Garba, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya
* Garba, Sichuan
* *Garba*, the Hungarian name for Gurba village, Șicula Commune, Arad County, Romania
* Garba Chowk, a square in Bhat, Daskroi, Gujarat
* Garba (duba), bishopric na Roman Katolika a Aljeriya ta zamani

## Duba kuma

* Garbha (rashin fahimta)
Zakaria Abahassine

**Zakaria Abahassine**(an haife shi 23 ga Yuli 1988) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Finland a halin yanzu yana bugawa JIPPO.  Mahaifinsa dan Morocco ne  kuma mahaifiyarsa yar Finnish ce. 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Wasan Kwallon Kafa
Lesotho loti

**Loti** (jam'i: **Maloti** ) kudin Masarautar Lesotho . An raba shi zuwa *lisente* 100 (sg. *sente* ). Ana lissafta shi zuwa Rand na Afirka ta Kudu akan 1: 1 ta hanyar Tsarin Kuɗi na gama-gari, kuma duka biyun ana karɓar su azaman ɗan takara na doka a cikin Lesotho. An fara fitar da loti ne a cikin 1966, duk da cewa kuɗin da ba ya yawo. A cikin 1980, Lesotho ta fitar da tsabar kudinta na farko da aka ƙididdige su a cikin duka loti da lisente (kwanakin kwanan wata 1979) don maye gurbin Rand na Afirka ta Kudu, amma Rand ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin doka.

Sunan ya samo asali daga Sesotho *loti*, "dutse," yayin da *sente* ya fito daga Turanci " cent ".

A 1985, an canza lambar ISO 4217 daga LSM zuwa LSL .

## Tsabar kudi
A cikin 1980, an gabatar da tsabar kuɗi masu kwanan wata 1979 a cikin ƙungiyoyin 1 sente, 2, 5, 10, 25 da 50 lisente da 1 loti. A cikin 1996, an ƙaddamar da tsabar kudi 2 da 5 na maloti, sannan kuma 20 lisente a 1998.

Tsabar kuɗi a wurare dabam dabam sune:

* Kusanto 5 
* Lisante 10
* Lisante 20 
* Lisante 50 
* 1 loti
* 2 malti
* 5 malti

## Bayanan banki
A cikin Janairu 1980, an gabatar da takardun banki masu kwanan wata 1979 (lambobi biyu na ƙarshe na shekarar fitowar su ne maƙasudin adadin prefix) a cikin ƙungiyoyi na 2, 5 da 10 maloti.  An ƙara bayanin kula na maloti 20 da 50 a cikin 1981, sannan 100 da 200 maloti suka biyo baya a cikin 1994.

A ranar 1 ga Maris, 2011, a wajen bikin cika shekaru 30 da kafuwa, babban bankin kasar Lesotho ya kaddamar da sabon jerin takardun kudi na shekarar 2010 da nufin yaki da yaduwar jabun jabun. Bayanan sun nuna hoton 'yan gidan sarauta guda uku: Sarki na yanzu, Mai Martaba Letsie III, yana tsakiya, mahaifinsa Sarki Moshoeshoe II na hagu, kuma wanda ya kafa kasar Basotho, Sarki Moshoeshoe I, a gefen hagu. dama. 

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Yanar Gizo na Babban Bankin Lesotho
* Bayanan banki na Lesotho
Yawon Buɗe Ido a Habasha

Yawon buɗe ido a kasar Habasha ya kai kashi 5.5% na jimlar GDP a shekarar 2006, inda da kyar ya karu da kashi 2% idan aka kwatanta da shekarar da ta gabata. Gwamnati na tabbatar da himma da aniyar ta na bunkasa yawon bude ido ta hanyar wasu tsare-tsare. Yawon buɗe ido wani bangare ne na takardar dabarun rage talauci na Habasha (PRSP), wanda ke da nufin yaki da talauci da karfafa ci gaban tattalin arziki.

## Dubawa

Wuraren yawon buɗe ido sun haɗa da tarin wuraren shakatawa na ƙasar Habasha (ciki har da National Park na Dutsen Semien), da wuraren tarihi, kamar garuruwan Axum, Lalibela da Gondar, Harar Jugol birni mai katanga, Masallacin Negash, a Negash da Sof Omar Caves.

An haɓaka shi a cikin shekarar 1960s, yawon buɗe ido ya ragu sosai a cikin shekarun 1970s da 1980 a ƙarƙashin mulkin Dergi. Ya fara farfadowa a cikin shekarun 1990, amma ci gaban ya tabarbare saboda rashin isassun otal-otal da sauran ababen more rayuwa, duk da bunkasuwar gine-ginen kanana da matsakaitan otal-otal da gidajen cin abinci, da kuma illar fari da tabarbarewar siyasa. 

Wani al'amari mai ƙarfafawa shine haɓakar shaharar yawon buɗe ido , tare da gagarumin yuwuwar haɓakawa a Habasha. Ana sa ran tallace-tallacen tallace-tallace na balaguro zai ci gaba da haɓaka, ya ƙaddamar da haɓakar 7% a cikin shekarar 2006 kuma tare da annabta 5% karuwa a cikin shekarar 2007. Ana yin tallace-tallace da farko ta hanyar faɗaɗa sha'awar fakitin yawon buɗe ido, gami da balaguron balaguro, tafiye-tafiye  da safaris ɗin tafiya waɗanda ke samar da mafi yawan kudaden shiga na masu gudanar da yawon buɗe ido.

## Wuraren Tarihi na Duniya
Habasha tana da wuraren tarihi na UNESCO guda tara masu zuwa: 

* Ruins of Aksum
* Cocin Rock-Hewn a Lalibela
* Fasil Ghebbi, Gonder Region
* Harar Jugol, Garin Gagararre Mai Tarihi
* Tsarin Al'adu na Konso
* Lower Valley na Awash
* Lower Valley na Omo
* Tiya
* Simien Mountains National Park

## Rigimar gasar Millennium
A watan Satumba 12, 2007 ita ce farkon shekara ta 2000 a kalandar Habasha.  Ma'aikatar al'adu da yawon bude ido ta shiga cikin wata cece-ku-ce game da gasar kawata a bikin murnar zagayowar karni na Habasha. Ana zargin ma'aikatar ta gaza biyan kudaden tallata daga wani kamfani na Burtaniya na Millennium na Habasha,       kuma ana tuhumarsa akan dalar Amurka miliyan 1 a kotunan Burtaniya.

## Duba kuma

* Ma'aikatar Al'adu da Yawon shakatawa (Ethiopia)
* Jerin Rukunan Tarihi na Duniya a Habasha
* Hutun jama'a a Habasha

## Manazarta
Yawon Buɗe Ido a Gabon

**Yawon buɗe ido a Gabon** ba shi da cigaba.  Duk da wannan, abubuwa masu jan hankali sun haɗa da rairayin bakin teku, teku da wuraren kamun kifi na cikin gida, faɗuwar kan Kogin Ogooué, da Dutsen Crystal.  Masu yawon bude ido kuma suna zuwa ganin shahararren asibitin da Dr. Albert Schweitzer ya kafa a Lambaréné.  An halatta yin farauta a takamaiman wurare daga watan Disamba zuwa watan Satumba. 

## Tarihi
Har zuwa kwanan nan, an yi watsi da harkokin yawon bude ido, inda aka maye gurbinsu da fitar da albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da itace.  A shekara ta 2000, duk da haka, gwamnatin Gabon ta yi aiki don bunkasa fannin ta hanyar bunkasa alatu da yawon shakatawa, kamar balaguron daji ko safari.  A watanDisamba da ya gabata, an ƙaddamar da takardar shaidar kammala karatun digiri a a kan yawon buɗe ido a Jami'ar Libreville. Abin da ya hana Gabon nasara shi ne cin hanci da rashawa. Littafin Kididdiga na Guardian ya kiyasta Gabon a matsayin daya daga cikin kasashen da suka fi cin hanci da rashawa a duniya. 

A ranar 4 ga watan Satumba, 2002, shugaban kasar Gabon Omar Bongo ya sanar da cewa kasarsa za ta kebe kashi 10 cikin 100 na kasarta don tsarin gandun daji na kasa.  A baya can, ba shi da ƙungiyar wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa, yana aiki tare da Ƙungiyar Kula da Dabbobi kan al'amuran kiyayewa.  A halin yanzu, tsarin ya ƙunshi fiye da    Costa Rica kawai ya zarce a cikin kaso a yankin ƙasa, kodayake a cikin yanayin na ƙarshe yankin kiyayewa ya fi ƙanƙanta.  Ana samar da waɗannan sabbin wuraren shakatawa don yawon bude ido, a matsayin madadin tattalin arziƙin da amfani da gandun daji na Gabon don yin katako.  Aikin ya yaba da Dr. Steven Sanderson, shugaban kasa da kuma Shugaba na kungiyar kare namun daji, a matsayin "daya daga cikin ayyukan kiyayewa mafi ƙarfin hali a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata." 

## Abubuwa masu jan hankali

### wuraren shakatawa na kasa
Gidajen shakatawa na kasa 13 na Gabon sun fito ne daga yankuna da ke kan gabar tekun ta, inda 'yan hippopotamus ke wasa a kan rairayin bakin teku da ba a taba ba, zuwa wuraren dajin da ke gida zuwa ga gorilla "naive". 

## Kididdiga
A cikin shekarar 2000, akwai dakunan otal kusan 2,450.  Kusan masu yawon bude ido 155,000 ne suka iso a wannan shekarar, kuma kudaden yawon bude ido sun kai dalar Amurka miliyan 7.  A shekarar da ta gabata, baki 120,000 ne suka iso, kashi 1 ne kacal suka zo yawon bude ido,  kuma ya kai kashi daya zuwa uku na GDP (Gross Domestic Product).  Ana buƙatar baƙo ya sami fasfo da biza, sai dai idan ya fito daga Faransa, Jamus, ko ƙasashen Afirka da yawa.  Za su kuma bayar da shaidar rigakafin cutar zazzabin shawara.  Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta kiyasta matsakaicin farashin yau da kullun na zama a babban birnin Gabon na Libreville akan dala 182 a kowace rana kamar na shekarar 2002, tare da kashe kudade a wasu wurare a cikin kasar da bai kai dala 70 a rana ba. 

## Manazarta
Yawon Buɗe Ido a Gambia

Masana'antar yawon buɗe ido  a yau a Gambia ta fara ne lokacin da wata ƙungiya ta masu yawon buɗe ido na Sweden su 300 suka isa a shekarar 1965.  Wani ɗan Sweden mai suna Bertil Harding ne ya shirya wannan balaguron na majagaba tare da Vingresor. An gan shi a matsayin wuri mai kyau don guje wa matsanancin lokacin sanyi na Scandinavia inda Turawa za su ji daɗin ba kawai rana, yashi da rairayin bakin teku ba amma kuma su fuskanci farin ciki na ainihin hutu na Afirka. Har ila yau, ya ba da sabon buɗewa don hutu mai araha ga karuwar yawan baƙi masu balaguro.

Yawan baƙi ya karu daga masu yawon buɗe ido 300 a shekarar 1965 zuwa baƙi 25,000 a shekarar 1976.  Yawan masu yawon bude ido ya ci gaba da karuwa sosai a tsawon shekaru, kuma yayin da gwamnati ke sha'awar bunkasa tattalin arziki, ta amince da yawon buɗe ido a matsayin babbar hanyar samun kudaden shiga ta musayar waje. Koyaya, duk da karuwar shahara a matsayin wurin yawon bude ido, ayyukan samar da ababen more rayuwa sun yi tafiyar hawainiya.

## Shahararrun wurare da abubuwa masu jan hankali

### Banjul
Banjul, wacce ita  ce babbar birnin Gambia, yanki ce da ta shahara ga masu yawon bude ido. Yawan jama'ar birnin 34,828 ne kawai, tare da Greater **Banjul Area**, wanda ya haɗa da birnin Banjul da Kanifing Municipal Council, tana da yawan jama'a 357,238 (ƙidayar 2003). Tana tsibirin St Mary's (Banjul Island) inda kogin Gambia ke shiga Tekun Atlantika. An haɗa tsibirin da babban yankin ta hanyar fasinja da jiragen ruwa zuwa arewa da gadoji zuwa kudu. Banjul yana a 13°28' Arewa, 16°36' Yamma (13.4667, -16.60). 

### Jufurah
Jufureh, Juffureh, ko Juffure birni ne, da ke a ƙasar Gambiya wanda ya shahara da masu yawon buɗe ido, yana kwance 30.&nbsp;kilomita daga cikin kasa a arewacin gabar kogin Gambia a sashin Arewa Bank. An ce shine inda aka saita littafin labari na Alex Haley roots: The Saga of an American Family. Gida ne ga gidan kayan gargajiya kuma yana kusa da James Island. Iyali da ke da'awar cewa su zuriyar Kunta Kinte ne har yanzu suna zaune a nan. 

### Kachikally crocodile pool

**Tafkin Kachikally crocodile** yana cikin tsakiyar Bakau kimanin mil 10 (16)&nbsp;km) daga Banjul babban birnin kasar. Yana ɗaya daga cikin tafkunan kada masu tsarki guda uku da ake amfani da su azaman wuraren ibadar haihuwa.  Sauran sun hada da Folonko da ke yankin Kombo ta Kudu da kuma Berending a bankin arewa.

### Janjanbureh
Janjanbureh ko Jangjangbureh birni ne, da aka kafa a shekara ta 1732, a tsibirin Janjanbureh a cikin kogin Gambia a gabashin Gambia. An san shi da Georgetown kuma shine na biyu mafi girma a cikin ƙasar. Yanzu shi ne babban birnin yankin tsakiyar kogin kuma an fi saninsa da babban gidan yarin Gambia. Da'irar dutsen Wassu sun yi 22&nbsp;km arewa maso yamma da Lamin Koto, akan bankin arewa daura da Janjanbureh. Yana daya daga cikin shahararrun wuraren yawon bude ido a Gambia. 

## Manazarta
Lumi (kudi)

**Masarautun Afirka LUMI** sabon kuɗi ne mai iyakacin ƙwarewa. An kafa ta a matsayin mai ba da izini na doka a cikin Dokar Bankin 2014 na Accompong, ƙauyen ƴan asalin ƙasar Jamaica, kuma Babban Bankin Solar Reserve Bank na Accompong ya ba wa jama'a a matsayin kudin Jihar Maroon Mai Girma tare da buga bayanan banki na zahiri. a Kanada. LUMI ta fito ne daga Ministan Kudi na lokacin kuma wanda ya kafa Gwamnan Bank of Accompong, HH Chief Timothy McPherson, injiniyan kudi na duniya wanda ya fito daga yankin Maroon mai sarauta na Sarauniya Nanny na Maroons a tsibirin Jamaica. 

Kodayake AKL Lumi na farko an buga shi a cikin 2016   don amfani a cikin Accompong, tun daga 2020 an karɓi LUMI a matsayin kuɗin hukuma ta hukumomin gwamnati, gami da: Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Jihohi, Ƙasashe, Yankuna da Masarautun Yankin Afirka na 6th (ECO-6), Jahar ƴan Afirka, Ƙungiyar Masarautar Afirka, Ƙasar Ingila ta Afirka, da Babban Bankin Ƙasashen Afirka. Sai dai Bankin Jamaica ya yi kashedi game da kudin, yana mai cewa "Duk wani da ake zargin bayar da kudin tsibirin Jamaica ta wani mutum ko wani mahaluki wanda ban da bankin Jamaica ba shi da izini kuma ya saba wa dokar bankin Jamaica"

Wanda aka rubuta ta hanyar makamashin hasken rana ta hanyar yarjejeniyar siyan wutar lantarki, kudin yana da darajar 100Kwh na makamashin hasken rana, tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙima a hatsi 4 na zinariya (0.2592 grams) na 1 AKL. An daina amfani da lumi azaman kudin Accompong. A maimakon haka, yanzu babban bankin kasashen Afirka ne ke bayar da shi. Kanar Richard Currie ne ya raba Babban Bankin Solar Reserve a lokacin da ya maye gurbin Kanar Ferron Williams a matsayin sabon zababben shugaban kasa na Accompong. 

## Bayanan kula
A halin yanzu akwai takardar banki 1 kawai, wanda ke wakiltar lumi 1. A cikin 2021, Babban Bankin Kasashen Afirka (ADCB) ya ba da rahoton jimillar dalar Amurka tiriliyan 1.1 na mu'amala tsakanin Afirka da kasashen waje ta duniya ta hanyar amfani da LUMI; wannan ya yi daidai da fiye da kashi uku na jimillar GDP na nahiyar Afirka a dalar Amurka tiriliyan 2.7 a shekarar 2021.

## Nassoshi
Malawi laban

**Fam** shine kudin Malawi har zuwa 1971. Daga 1932, Malawi (wanda aka sani da Nyasaland ) ta yi amfani da fam na Kudancin Rhodesian . A cikin 1955, an ƙaddamar da sabon kuɗi, Rhodesia da Nyasaland fam . An maye gurbin wannan da fam na Malawi a 1964, bayan Malawi ta sami 'yancin kai. An raba fam din zuwa shillings 20 kowanne daga cikin pence 12 . An maye gurbin fam ɗin da kwacha na decimal a cikin 1971, akan ƙimar 2 kwacha = 1 fam.

## Tsabar kudi
A cikin 1964, an ba da tsabar kudi a cikin jan karfe-nickel kuma a cikin ƙungiyoyin 6d, 1/-, 2/– da 2/6. Duk sun ɗauki hoton Hastings Banda . An gabatar da tsabar kudi na 1d a cikin 1967. 1d yana da gefen santsi yayin da duk sauran tsabar kudi sun katse milling 4 × 4.

## Takardun kuɗi
A ranar 6 ga Yuli 1964, Nyasaland ta sami 'yancin kai daga Biritaniya kuma an sake masa suna Malawi. Shekaru biyu, Elizabeth II, ta kasance shugabar kasa a matsayin Sarauniyar Malawi . Bayan zama jamhuriya a shekara ta 1966, Malaŵi ya zama kasa mai jam'iyya daya a karkashin shugabancin Hastings Kamuzu Banda, wanda ya kasance shugaban kasa har zuwa 1994, lokacin da aka hambarar da shi daga mulki. Hoton nasa ya bayyana a gaban dukkan bayanan da aka fitar a cikin shekaru talatin da ya yi yana mulki, tare da al'amuran baya da ke jaddada muhimmancin noma ga tattalin arzikin Malawi. Bayanan kula a lokacin shugabancinsa kuma suna ɗauke da alamun ruwa (da kuma na'urorin rajista na baya) na zakara, alamar Jam'iyyar Banda ta Malawi Congress Party. Jeri na farko na bayanin kula mai kwanan wata 1964 kuma Bankin Reserve na Malawi ya fitar ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin 5/-, 10/-, £1 da £5.

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Marchuwa

**Marchuwa** ( Geʽez : ማርጯ, Wolaytta : Marccuwa) kuɗi ne da Masarautar Wolaita ke amfani da ita. Marchuwa wani dam ne na siriri na karfe mai tsayi tsawon kamu daya, ana amfani da shi azaman kudin ciniki. Marchuwa dai ya kai 18 Maria Theresa Thalers ko kuma dalar Amurka 0.50.   

## Tarihi
Kamar yadda Chauncey Hugh Stigand ya ce, mutanen Wolaitans sun haɓaka fasahar saƙa da sa tufafin da aka yi da auduga kafin kowace al'ummar Habasha . Muhimmancin auduga ga Welayta ya wuce tufafi.  Shalluwa, wani irin zaren da mata ke zagawa, da kayayyakin auduga irin su Karretta Sinna, baƙar fata da aka yi da auduga, an yi amfani da su azaman kuɗi. Lokacin da sassa daban-daban na Afirka suka yi amfani da tsarin ciniki (musayar kayayyaki), jihar Wolaita ta yada wannan nau'in kudin a duk yankinta.   Kamar yadda Remo Chiatti ya haskaka a cikin 1903, Marchuwa ɗaya ya kai 18 Maria Theresa Thalers ko dalar Amurka 0.50.  

Al’adar baka ta ce akwai rumbun ajiyar Marchuwa a fadar Dalbo wanda daya daga cikin sarakunan daular Wolaita Tigre ya kafa. Don haka, jihar Wolaita ta inganta tsarin banki kafin sauran jihohin Habasha . Majiyoyi sun tabbatar da cewa har lokacin da Menelik II ya mamaye kudancin Hadiya, Kambatta, Sidama, Dawuro, Gamo, da Gofa sun yi amfani da wannan Marchuwa a matsayin kudi. 

A lokacin da mutanen Welayta suka shiga cikin daular Habasha ta Menelik II, an maye gurbin Marchuwa da Maria Theresa thaler da tubalan gishiri da ake kira "Amole tchew", wanda ake zaton shine kudin farko na Habasha . 

## Nassoshi
Hukumar Kula Da Yawon Buɗe Ido Ta Ghana

**Hukumar kula da yawon bude ido ta Ghana** wata hukuma ce ta kasar Ghana a karkashin ma'aikatar yawon bude ido, al'adu da fasaha ta kere-kere da ke da alhakin kula da yawon bude ido a Ghana ta hanyar tallatawa, ingantawa, ba da izini, rarrabawa, bincike da bunkasa wuraren yawon buɗe ido da ayyuka a cikin kasar. 

## Tarihi
An kafa hukumar yawon bude ido ta Ghana a shekarar 1960 a matsayin hukumar kula da yawon bude ido ta Ghana.  An sauya sunan hukumar zuwa hukumar yawon bude ido ta Ghana a shekarar 2011 karkashin doka ta 817. Dokar ta tsawaita ayyukan hukumar don sa ido kan aiwatar da manufofin gwamnati a cikin masana'antar. Dokar ta kuma sa hukumar ta zama cikakkiyar hukuma ta samar da kudaden shiga ta hanyar kafa wani asusu wanda ake bukatar kowace sana’ar yawon bude ido ta ba da gudummawar kashi daya (1%) na kudaden shigarta domin bunkasa yawon bude ido.  

## Sanannen Ƙaddamarwa
Hukumar kula da yawon bude ido ta Ghana ta ayyana wasu kwanaki a duk shekara domin bikin jigogi daban-daban a kasar.

## Manazarta
Yawon Buɗe Ido a Lesotho

**Yawon Buɗe Ido a Lesotho** masana'anta ce mai girma a cikin kasar.

A cikin shekarar 2013, tafiye-tafiye da yawon buɗe ido sun ba da gudummawar kusan kashi 5.5% ga GDP na Lesotho, ana tsammanin wannan adadin zai karu zuwa 6.1% na GDP nan da shekarar 2024.  Sashin ya dauki mutane 25,000 aiki a shekarar 2013, kashi 4.6% na aikin yi na kasa baki daya. 

Mazauna Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ke kewaye da Lesotho gaba ɗaya, shine sama da kashi 90% na masu ziyartar ƙasar. Yawancin tafiye-tafiye don ziyartar abokai da dangi. 

Bukatu daban-daban na waje sun kasance mafi mashahuri ayyukan nishaɗi ga masu yawon bude ido a cikin ƙasar. Wurin mai tsaunuka yana jawo masu yawon bude ido don yin tafiye-tafiye, tafiye-tafiyen doki da ski, da kuma amfani da hanyoyin tuƙi mai ƙafa huɗu. Wurin shakatawa na ski na Afriski yana aiki a cikin watannin hunturu.

Wuraren shigar da aka fi amfani da su a cikin Lesotho sun haɗa da filin jirgin sama na Moshoeshoe I da mashigin ƙasa na Maseru da Maputsoe.  

Ma'aikatar yawon bude ido, muhalli da al'adu, mai hedkwata a Maseru babban birnin kasar ne ke kula da harkokin yawon bude ido a kasar.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Lesotho travel guide from Wikivoyage
Yawon Buɗe Ido a Laberiya

**Yawon Buɗe Ido** ya zama wani ɗan ƙaramin yanki na tattalin arzikin **ƙasar Laberiya**. A baya, 'yan yawon bude ido da yawa sun ziyarci Laberiya, galibi daga Amurka. Tattalin arzikin kasar Laberiya da ya hada da masana'antar yawon bude ido ya yi mummunar barna sakamakon yakin basasar da aka yi a kasar, kuma yanzu haka ya fara tashi bayan kaddamar da kungiyar yawon bude ido a kasar. Yanzu haka akwai masauki ga masu yawon bude ido, kamar yadda kayayyakin sufuri na Laberiya suke.   Wani wuri mai haske yana hawan igiyar ruwa daga Robertsport. 

## Manazarta
Harvey Davies

**Harvey Davies** an haife shi 3 Satumba 2003 ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Ingila wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Liverpool.

## Sana'a

Davies ya shiga makarantar Liverpool daga matakin kasa da tara. Biyo bayan rikicin rauni da ya samu an sanya shi a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa gasar cin kofin duniya matches da Red Bull Salzburg da kuma duka biyun wasan daf da na kusa da na karshe da Real Madrid a kakar 2020-21]. Ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun farko yana da shekaru 17 a cikin 2021. Ya sanya hannu a sabon kwantiragi da kulob din a watan Yulin 2022. An haɗa Davies a cikin sansanonin horarwa na farko na kakar wasa da yawon shakatawa na Gabas mai Nisa a lokacin rani na 2022, yana wasa a wasan sada zumunta na pre-season da Crystal Palace a Singapore. Wakilin Davies sune Unique Sport Group

## Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Davies yana cikin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasan Ingila ta ƙasa da shekaru 19] wacce ta lashe Gasar cin Kofin Turai ta 2022 UEFA European Under-19 da aka gudanar] a Slovakia a watan Yuni da Yuli 2022. A cikin Satumba 2022 an kira shi zuwa tawagar Ingila U20.

## Girmamawa
**Liverpool FC**
* FA Community Shield: 2022

**England under-19**

* UEFA European Under-19 Championship: 2022

## Manazarta
Jakub Ojrzyński

**Jakub Ojrzyński** (an haife shi 19 ga Fabrairu 2003) ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Poland wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Liverpool. 

## Sana'a
Liverpool ta sayi Ojrzyński daga Legia Warsaw, a bazarar 2019 kan fan 200,000; Ya yi tafiya tare da tawagar farko don rangadin preseason na Amurka a lokacin bazara, kafin ya haɗu da ƙungiyar Liverpool ta yan kasa da shekaru  18s da 23s].

Ojrzyński yana kan benci a wasan da Liverpool ta doke Sheffield United da ci 2-0 a gasar Premier a watan Fabrairun 2021. Ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwangila tare da Liverpool a watan Yuli na waccan shekarar, kafin ya koma Caernarfon Town a matsayin aro na kakar 2021-22. A duk lokacin da ya ba da lamuni, ya ci gaba da horo a rukunin horo na Kirkby na Liverpool akai-akai a duk lokacin kakar.

A kan 22 Yuni 2022, ya shiga Radomiak Radom a kan aro na tsawon lokacin 2022-23. An tuna da shi a ranar 17 ga Janairu 2023 bayan ya buga wasanni uku na farko a bangaren Poland. 

## Bayanin sirri

* *Cikakken suna* Jakub Ojrzyński
* *Ranar haihuwa* 19 Fabrairu 2003 (shekaru 20)
* *Wurin haihuwa* Warsaw, Poland
* *Tsayi* 1.96m (6 ft 5 in)
* *Matsayi*  mai tsaron gida
* Shi ne ɗan manajan ƙwallon ƙafa Leszek Ojrzyński.

## Manazarta
Yawon Buɗe Ido a Mali

**Yawon buɗe ido a kasar Mali** bai samu ci gaba sosai ba. Saboda batutuwan da suka shafi ababen more rayuwa, yawon buɗe ido ya yi jinkirin haɓaka amma ya sami ci gaba kafin gasar cin kofin Afirka ta shekarar 2002. Sai dai kuma saboda rikicin Arewacin Mali da barazanar ta'addanci, dukkan manyan masu gudanar da yawon bude ido sun janye aiyukan da suka samu raguwar masu yawon bude ido daga 200,000 a shekarar 2011 zuwa 10,000 a shekara mai zuwa. Ƙasar tana da wuraren tarihi na UNESCO guda huɗu, ciki har da Timbuktu.

## Dubawa
Ci gaban masana'antar yawon bude ido ta samu cikas sakamakon rashin isassun kayayyakin sufuri da kasar ke da shi da kuma karancin otel-otel ga masu ziyara. Mali ta karbi bakuncin gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka a shekara ta 2002. A shirye-shiryen wannan taron, gwamnati ta aiwatar da wani shirin ci gaban zamantakewa mai suna "Mali na shekarar 2002". Masana'antar yawon bude ido sun amfana da wannan shirin.  To sai dai kuma tun a wancan lokaci rigingimun da ke ci gaba da haifar da raguwar harkokin yawon bude ido sakamakon yadda ake ci gaba da kai hare-hare kan 'yan kasashen waje. 

A farkon shekarun 2000, kusan masu yawon bude ido 90,000 ne ke ziyartar Mali a kowace shekara.  Wannan ya karu zuwa 200,000 a shekara ta 2011, amma bayan hare-haren da ake kaiwa masu yawon bude ido da janyewar da masu yawon bude ido suka yi, wannan ya ragu zuwa 10,000 a shekara mai zuwa. 

### Gargadi game da yawon buɗe ido
Tun daga shekarar 2012, Ofishin Harkokin Waje da Commonwealth na Biritaniya ya ba da shawarar ga duk wani balaguron balaguro zuwa yankuna da yawa na ƙasar, da kuma dakatar da tafiye-tafiye zuwa wasu. Duk da yake wannan baya nufin cewa matafiya daga Burtaniya ba za su iya tafiya can ba, dole ne su yi hakan da kansu ba tare da inshora ba. Babu jirage kai tsaye zuwa Mali daga Burtaniya, haka nan kuma babu wani manyan jami'an yawon bude ido na Burtaniya da ke bayar da balaguro zuwa kasar. Ta bayyana halin da ake ciki a kasar Mali a matsayin "har yanzu babu kwanciyar hankali kuma akwai babbar barazana daga ta'addanci, ana iya kai hare-hare ba tare da nuna bambanci ba, ciki har da wuraren da 'yan kasashen waje da matafiya ke zuwa." rikicin Arewacin Mali. 

## Abubuwa masu jan hankali

### Bukukuwa
Kasar dai ta sha yin shagulgulan bukukuwan nata musamman bikin au Desert da aka yi tun shekara ta 2001 amma an dakatar da shi a shekarar 2013 saboda matsalar tsaro. 

### Wuraren Tarihi na Duniya na UNESCO
Mali tana da wuraren tarihi na UNESCO guda huɗu, ciki har da sanannen birnin Timbuktu. Wannan dai ya kasance cikin jerin hadurran da hukumar UNESCO ta fitar tun a shekarar 2012, wanda kungiyar ta bayyana a matsayin "babban ilmi da ruhi da kuma cibiyar yada addinin musulunci a nahiyar Afrika a karni na 15 da 16, da manyan masallatai uku, Djingareyber, Sankore da Sidi Yahia., ku tuna zamanin zinare na Timbuktu. Ko da yake ana ci gaba da maido da su, a yau waɗannan abubuwan tunawa suna fuskantar barazana daga kwararowar hamada." Sauran ukun sun hada da Bandiagara Escarpment, Djenné da Kabarin Askia. 

## Manazarta
Kisan Faransawa 'yan yawon bude ido a Mauritania a shekara ta 2007

**Kinsan Faransawa 'yan yawon   bude ido a [[Muritaniya|Mauritania]] a shekara ta 2007** ya faru ne a ranar 24 ga watan Disamba 2007.  An kai harin ne a kusa da Aleg, 250&nbsp;km gabas da babban birnin kasar Nouakchott. 

Wadanda lamarin ya rutsa da su, ‘yan kasar Faransa 5 ne ‘yan yawon bude ido da ke hutu, an kai musu harin ne a lokacin da suke yin picnic.  An kashe hudu daga cikinsu sannan na biyar ya samu munanan raunuka.  Akwai wanda ya tsira; wadanda abin ya shafa su ne ’ya’yansa biyu manya, da kaninsa, da abokinsa.  An gusar da taron Dakar Rally na 2008 zuwa tsakiyar Turai (wanda aka sani da 2008 Central Europe Rally lokacin da aka gudanar a watan Afrilu) saboda wannan lamarin saboda damuwar yiwuwar harin ta'addanci.

Hukumomin Mauritaniya sun kama mutane tara a ranar 7 ga watan Janairu 2008.  Jami’an ‘yan sanda sun kwato wata bindiga daga wani wuri da ke kusa da wurin da akayi kashe-kashen.  Ministan cikin gidan na Mauritaniya ya dora alhakin kisan gillar da aka yi wa wani dan ta'adda na Sleeper cell.  Hukumomi sun ce wadanda ake zargin ‘yan kungiyar masu tsattsauran ra’ayi ne da ke da alaka da al-Qaida. 

Daya daga cikin wadanda aka kama a watan Janairu, Sidi Ould Sidna, ya tsere daga hannun 'yan sanda a watan Maris amma an sake kama shi a watan Afrilu.  Sidna ya samu horo da kungiyar Al-Qaeda a yankin Maghreb, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa Sidna na da alaka da kungiyarsu.  A shekara ta 2010, wata kotu a Mauritaniya ta yanke wa wasu mutane uku da suka yi ikirarin cewa su ne "sojojin Al-Qaeda", Sidi Ould Sidna, Mohamed Ould Chabarnou, da Maarouf Ould Haiba, hukuncin kisa. Tun da Mauritania ba ta yi amfani da hukuncin kisa ba tun shekarun 1980, za a iya mayar da hukuncin kisa zuwa wani tsawaita hukuncin gidan yari kan daukaka kara. 

## Manazarta
Hukumar Kula Da Yawon Buɗe Ido Ta Mauritius

**Hukumar Kula da Yawon Buɗe Ido ta Mauritius** (MTPA) hukuma ce ta doka a ƙarƙashin Ma'aikatar yawon bude ido da nishaɗi ta Mauritius wacce aka kafa a cikin shekarar 1996 ta Dokar MTPA. Aikin MTPA shi ne inganta masana'antar yawon buɗe ido  na kasar, samar da bayanai ga masu yawon bude ido kan wurare, ababen more rayuwa da aiyuka, fara aikin inganta hadin gwiwa da sauran hukumomin yawon bude ido, gudanar da bincike kan yanayin kasuwa da damar kasuwa da yada irin wadannan bayanai da sauran su. bayanan kididdiga masu dacewa akan Mauritius.  

## Ofisoshi
Ofisoshin MTPA na ketare a cikin ƙasashe masu zuwa; 
 
France -Paris
South Africa -Ranburg
Italy-Milan
Germany -Munich
China-Beijing
Switzerland -Zurich
India -New Delhi
Reunion -Reunion
Belgium -Belgium
Luxembourg -Luxembourg

Saudi Arabia -Saudi Arabia 

## Duba kuma

* Yawon shakatawa a Mauritius
* Ma'aikatar yawon shakatawa da nishaɗi

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Mauritius Tourism Promotion Authority 
* www.gov.mu/portal/site/tourist/ Gwamnatin Mauritius Tourism Portal
Will Luxton

**William Luxton** (an haife shi 6 Mayu 2003) ɗan Ingilishi ne wasan cricketer. Ya fara wasansa na farko a jerin sunayensa a ranar 28 ga Yuli 2021, don Yorkshire a gasar cin kofin kwana ɗaya ta Royal London na 2021.A cikin Disamba 2021, an ba shi suna a cikin tawagar Ingila don 2022 ICC Cricket World Cup a Yammacin Indies.Ya yi wasansa na farko a matakin farko a ranar 11 ga Yuli 2022, don Yorkshire a gasar zakarun gundumar 2022.

## Bayanin sirri

* Cikakken suna William Luxton
* An haife shi 6 Mayu 2003 (shekaru 20) Keighley, West Yorkshire, Ingila
* Batting Hannun Dama

## Manazarta
Ma'aikatar Yawon Buɗe Ido (Mauritius)

## Ƙungiya
Shugaban siyasa na ma'aikatar shi ne ministan yawon buɗe ido. Manyan ma’aikatan sun hada da Sakatare na dindindin da sauran membobin Sashen Gudanarwa.  Aikin ma'aikatar ya kasu kashi biyu ne tsakanin sashen fasaha, wanda kuma ya shafi manufofi da tsare-tsare, da kuma sashin shakatawa, wanda ke inganta ayyukan jin daɗi ga 'yan ƙasa da masu yawon bude ido. 

Sauran ƙungiyoyin jama'a kuma suna aiki a ƙarƙashin ma'aikatar: Hukumar Kula da Yawon bude ido, wacce ke tsara masana'antar yawon buɗe ido,  Hukumar haɓaka yawon buɗe ido ta Mauritius, wacce ke haɓaka Mauritius a matsayin wurin yawon buɗe ido,  da Asusun jin daɗin ma'aikatan yawon buɗe ido.

## Siyasa
A cewar ma'aikatar, "[T] manufofin yawon buɗe ido na ƙasa yana jaddada ƙarancin tasiri, yawan ciyar da yawon buɗe ido",  kuma yana ganin Mauritius a matsayin babbar wurin yawon buɗe ido.  Nazarin hangen nesa na dogon lokaci na gwamnati, wanda aka buga a cikin shekarar 1997, ya lura da haɓakar masu zuwa yawon buɗe ido tare da ba da shawarar "rufin kore" kan adadin masu yawon bude ido don hana ci gaban yanayin tsibirin, tare da ƙarin kudaden shiga daga kashe kuɗi mai yawa ga kowane ɗan yawon buɗe ido.  Masu zuwa yawon buɗe ido sun karu daga 422,463 a cikin shekarar 1995  zuwa 1,030,000 da aka yi hasashe a shekarar 2014.  Ci gaba da ci gaban masu zuwa yawon bude ido ya sha suka daga We Love Mauritius, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta muhalli. 

A cikin shekarar 1997, akwai otal 87 da ke da dakuna 6,800 da wuraren kwana 14,100. Matsakaicin adadin mazaunin ɗakin ya kasance 72% na duk otal da 78% na manyan otal (wanda aka ayyana azaman otal-otal na bakin teku da ke da dakuna sama da 80). Alkaluman farashin zama na gado sun kasance 64% da 70% bi da bi. Yawancin otal-otal na bakin teku mallakar da/ko manyan ƙungiyoyi kamar Sun International da Otal ɗin Beachcomber. An kiyasta cewa kusan kashi 25% na baƙi suna zama a wuraren da ba otal ba, kamar gidajen kwana, bungalows masu cin abinci da kansu da abokai da dangi. 

Jagoran Dabarun Ma'aikatar na shekarun 2013 zuwa 2015 ya bayyana cewa, tana neman ci gaba da bunkasuwar akalla kashi 5% a duk shekara a fannin yawon bude ido, da magance raguwar bukatu daga kasuwannin gargajiya kamar Turai ta hanyar neman kwastomomi daga wasu yankuna kamar Sin, Indiya, da Rasha.  Har ila yau Mauritius na shiga tare da sauran ƙasashen tsibiri a cikin Tekun Indiya a cikin shirin tsibiran Vanilla don haɓaka kansu tare a matsayin wurin yawon buɗe ido. 

## Duba kuma

* Yawon shakatawa a Mauritius 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Bayanin ma'aikatar yawon shakatawa
Mumbwa bakes

**Kogon Mumbwa** Wuri ne na kayan tarihi a Zambiya. Shafin ya samar da kayan tarihi na zamani daga Mesolithic,Neolithic da Iron Age . Kogogin tushe ne na tarkace, a cikin wuraren ajiya tare da gawar dabbobi da na ɗan adam. Mumbwa, tare da tsarinta na ciki, yana nuna rikitarwa na iyawar halayen mutane daga Mesolithic . Zaɓin ɗanyen kayan aiki tare da fasali irin su murhu na nuna yawan jama'a waɗanda suka kasance na zamani a cikin halayen da aka yi amfani da su don zama cikin kogon Mumbwa. Nazari da tono kogon Mumbwa yana taimakawa wajen cike giɓin da aka samu a tarihin tarihin, Pleistocene na ƙarshen Afirka ta Tsakiya . 

## Abubuwan da aka tona
Macrae 1926; Clark 1942; Shekarar 1983. A cikin 1931, Dart da Del Grande sun tono kogon kuma sun gano ma'auni na basal waɗanda aka yi amfani da su zuwa kwanan wata. A cikin 1993, Lawrence Barham ya tattara ƙungiyar da Hukumar Kula da Kayayyakin Tarihi ta Zambiya ta wakilta, Gidan Tarihi na Livingstone da Jami'o'in, Bristol da Oxford don tantance girman ma'auni na basal da Dart da Del Grande suka gano.

## Kayan kayan tarihi
An dawo da lithics 62,614 a cikin 1994. 3,171 sun fito ne daga ajiyar Iron Age, 16,939 daga LSA ( Late Stone Age ) da 40,060 daga jerin MSA na sama ( Tsarin Dutsen Zamani ). An lura da alamu na gaba ɗaya daga waɗannan kayan tarihi. A bayyane yake cewa akwai alamu a cikin kayan da aka yi amfani da su, da sarrafa kayan aiki da kuma samar da kayan aikin kashi. An sami fashewar bugun zuciya da iskar gas a Mumbwa kuma shaida ne na bullowar rikitattun halaye na Zamanin Dutse da mutanen Mumbwa na baya suka yi amfani da su. Iskar iska tana nisa daga ramin kuma da ta kare mazauna cikin kogon da magudanar ruwa daga iskar gabas zuwa yamma. Microfauna da aka samu a wurin yana nuna yanayin bushewa a lokacin aikin.

## Siffofin
Akwai manyan nau'ikan fasali guda biyu waɗanda za'a iya samun su a rukunin kogon Mumbwa. Ƙunƙarar zuciya da fashewar iska abubuwa ne guda biyu waɗanda suka bambanta da zamanin Mumbwa Tsakiyar Dutse. Wuraren da aka samu a Yankunan I da II, suna da iyakokin dutse da suka ƙunshi tubalan kogon dolomite da kayan da ake jigilar su daga wuri mai faɗin gida, gami da cobbles quartz, phyllite, sandstone da cobbles na haematite. Wuri na I yana ƙunshe da ɗayan mafi kyawun kiyaye iska akan rukunin kogon Mumbwa. An bambanta shi da guntun madauwari na ash, sediment, debitage quartz da kashin dabba. 

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Aikin Kogon Mumbwa
* 

## Nassoshi
ENaira

**eNaira** kudin dijital ne na Babban Bankin Najeriya da Babban Bankin Najeriya ke bayarwa kuma ke sarrafa shi. An ƙirƙira shi a cikin naira, eNaira tana aiki azaman hanyar musanya da ma'ajin ƙima kuma tana da'awar bayar da kyakkyawan tsammanin biyan kuɗi a cikin ma'amaloli idan aka kwatanta da tsabar kuɗi.

Shugaba Muhammad Buhari ne ya kaddamar da aikin eNaira a ranar 25 ga Oktoba, 2021, a karkashin taken: *"Naira daya, Karin damammaki"* 

Ana samun aikace-aikacen eNaira Speed Wallet don saukewa akan Google Play Store  da kuma App Store tun 28 ga Oktoba, 2021.  Sabbin sabuntawa akan jakar eNaira Speed yanzu akwai.

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Gidan yanar gizon Babban Bankin Najeriya eNaira
Dalar Rhodesia

**Dalar Rhodesian** ( *R$ ko Rh$*, RHD ) ita ce kudin Rhodesia tsakanin 1970 da 1980. An raba shi zuwa cents 100 .

## Tarihi
An bullo da dalar ne a ranar 17 ga Fabrairun 1970, kasa da wata guda kafin ayyana jamhuriya a ranar 2 ga Maris 1970. Ya maye gurbin fam na Rhodesian a farashin dala 2 zuwa fam 1. Dala ta zama babban kuɗi, daidai da fam ɗin fam har zuwa ƙarshen Rhodesia a 1980, lokacin da aka maye gurbinta da dalar Zimbabwe a daidai . Duk da haka, dalar Rhodesian ba ta kasance cikakkiyar kudin da za a iya canzawa ba don haka farashin musaya ba alama ce ta tattalin arziki ba.

## Rabin fam
A cikin ɗaukar dalar Rhodesian, Rhodesia ta bi tsarin Afirka ta Kudu, Ostiraliya, da New Zealand a cikin hakan lokacin da ta karɓi tsarin decimal, ta yanke shawarar yin amfani da sashin rabin fam sabanin naúrar asusu. Zaɓin sunan dala ya sami tagomashi da Ministan Kudi na lokacin, John Wrathall, wanda ya ɗauke shi a matsayin abun duniya. 

## Tsabar kudi
A ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 1970 an gabatar da dalar Rhodesian kuma ta kasance daidai da Pound; an kera kudin kamar haka - tagulla  1 cent da kofi-nickel An gabatar da tsabar  cent, waɗanda ke yawo tare da tsabar kuɗin da aka yi a baya na fam na Rhodesian na 5, 10, 20 da 25, waɗanda suma an ƙididdige su a shillings da pence. An ƙaddamar da sababbin tsabar kudi na cent 5 a cikin 1973, sannan 10, 20 da 25 cents a 1975. An buga tsabar kudi har zuwa 1977 a Mint na Afirka ta Kudu a Pretoria .

Rhodesia na da duka biyu   Cents tsabar kudi, kamar a Afirka ta Kudu.

* The An buga  tsabar kudi tsakanin 1970 da 1977 - tare da 1977  da wuyar gaske, tare da tsabar kuɗi 10 da aka sani.
* The An buga  Cents ( Tickey ) a cikin 1970 kawai.
* An buga 5 Cents a cikin 1973 da tsakanin 1975 da 1977.
* An buga 10 da 25 Cents a cikin 1975 kawai.
* An buga 20 Cents a cikin 1975 da 1977.

Tommy Sasseen shi ne ya zana dukkan tsabar kudin Rhodesian daga 1964 zuwa 1968 (a baya kawai) da 1970 zuwa 1977 (dukansu da baya da baya).

## Takardun kuɗi
A ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 1970, Babban Bankin Rhodesia ya gabatar da bayanin kula a cikin ƙungiyoyin 1, 2 da 10.  An ƙara bayanan dala 5 a cikin 1972.

## Tarihin musayar kuɗi
Wannan tebur yana nuna ƙimar **dalar Amurka 1** ta tarihi.

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Rhodesian Currency Page, tare da taƙaitaccen bayanin kowane bayanin kula.
Salm

## Mutane

* Constance de Salm an haifeshi a shekara ta (1767-yarasu a shekara ta 1845), mawaki ne kuma marubuci daban-daban; ta hanyar aurenta na biyu, ta zama Gimbiya Salm-Dyck
* Kat Salm, masanin kimiyyar geospatial na New Zealand
* Salm ibn Ziyad, Banu Umayyah gwamnan Khurasan da Sijistan
* House of Salm, Bature tsohon dangi ne mai mulki
** Salm-Reifferscheid-Raitz

## Geography

* Salm (jihar), birni ne mai tarihi tare da yankuna a Jamus, Belgium da kasar Faransa
* sassan jihar
** Salm-Horstmar
** Salm-Kyrburg
** Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck
** Salm-Reifferscheid-Hainsbach
** Salm-Reifferscheid-Krautheim
** Sallama - Sallama
* Salm, Jamus, gundumar/ yankin Rhineland-Palatinate, Jamus
* Salm, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, kasar Iran
* Salm, West Azerbaijan, kasar Iran
* Salm Island, tsibiri a cikin Franz Josef Land, Rasha

### Tekuna

* Salm (Moselle), a kasar Jamus, tributary ga kogin Moselle
* Salm (Amblève), a ƙasar Beljiyam, yankin kogin Amblève

## Sauran amfani

* Salm, IAU - ta amince da sunan tauraruwar Tau Pegasi
* Salm (Shahnameh), wani hali a cikin almara na Farisa Shahnameh

## SALAM

* *Suid-Afrikaanse Lugmag*, ko Sojojin Sama na Afirka ta Kudu
* Alamar alamar hannun jari na Salem Communications, mai watsa shirye-shiryen rediyon addini na kasar Amurka, mai ba da abun ciki na Intanet, da mujallu da mawallafin littafi.
## Manazarta
Sidi Harzem Bath Complex

**Sidi Harzem Bath Complex** wani katafaren wurin shakatawa ne na zafi a Sidi Harzem, kusa da birnin Fez, Maroko.  Gidauniyar CDG ce ta mallaka.  Jean-François Zevaco ne ya tsara shi a tsakanin shekarun 1960 zuwa 1975. 

## Maidowa da ayyukan al'umma
Kafin fara aikin gine-gine a shekara ta 1958, an tilasta wa al'ummomin yankunan karkara, wadanda suka rayu a wurin har tsawon tsararraki, sun ƙaura zuwa sababbin wurare don ba da sarari ga sabon wurin yawon bude ido. 

A cikin shekarar 2017, Aziza Chaouni da ƙungiyarta na masu gine-gine, injiniyoyi, masu bincike da masu daukar hoto sun sami kyautar $ 150,000 daga Gidauniyar Getty don dawo da hadaddun da haɓaka yankin da ke kewaye.   A cikin watan Yuli 2021, Gidauniyar Getty ta ba da rahoto game da tsarin maido da kamfen ɗin tare da haɗa al'ummomin yankin. Daga cikin sauran ayyukan, Chaouni ya kaddamar da gina sabuwar kasuwa kusa da rukunin wuraren shakatawa don daukar masu rumfunan da dillalan da suka yi hasarar tsohuwar kasuwarsu a gobara. 

## Manazarta
Mohammed Bello El-Rufai

**Mohammed Bello El-Rufai** (an haife shi a  shekarata alif 1990). shi ne wakili na ƙaramar hukumar Kaduna  ta arewa. Ya kasance babban ɗa namiji ga tsohon gwamnan jihar Kaduna wato Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai mahaifiyarsa itace Hadiza Isma El-Rufai, marubuciya wanda ta wallafa littafin ta na farko mai suna *"Abundance of Scorpiuons".*

## Farkon rayuwa
An haife Muhammad Bello a jihar Kaduna a gidan Malam Nasir El-Rufai.

## Karatu
Muhammad Bello ya yi karatunsa a Wheaton college Massachusetts. Inda ya karanta political science,international relations da kuma religious 
studies.

Ya kuma yi karatu a British school of lome.
Har ila yau ya yi karatu a Georgetown university,  inda ya karanta public relations/corporate communications.

## Siyasa
Muhammad Bello ya kasance mutum ne mai sha'awar siyasa kamar yadda mahifinsa ya bayyana acikin littafinsa. Bello ya yi da mahaifinshi a guraben ayyuka daban-daban daga bisani ya zama maitaimaka wa sanatan Kaduna ta tsakiya Uba Sani, sannan ya nemi zama wakili a majalisar tarayya dan wakiltar mazabar Kaduna ta tsakiya. Bello El-Rufai ɗan takarar jam'iyyar APC ya yi nasarar zama wakilin Kaduna ta Arewa a majalisar tarayya da kuri'u 51,052.. Yanzu yana zama a majalissar ta Nigeria ta 10 akan kujerar Kaduna ta arewa a Abuja, babban birinin kasar

## Manazarta
Ben Doak

**Ben Gannon Doak** (an haife shi 11 Nuwamba 2005) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Scotland wanda ke taka leda a matsayin winger na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Liverpool.

## Bayanin sirri

* Cikakken suna Ben Gannon Doak
* Ranar haihuwa 11 Nuwamba 2005 (shekaru 17)
* Wurin haihuwa Dalry, Scotland
* Matsayi Winger
* Kungiyar Liverpool ta yanzu

* lamba 50

## Sana'a
# Dalry Rovers Ayr United Celtic

#### Babban sana'a

# 2021–2022 Celtic

# 2022– Liverpool

##### Ayyukan kasa da kasa

* 2019 Scotland U16
* 2021   Scotland U17
* 2022   Scotland U21
A ranar 2 ga Satumba 2021, bayan da a baya ya wakilci 'yan kasa da shekaru 16, Doak ya fara buga wasansa na farko a Scotland U17, inda ya zira kwallo a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da Wales. Ya taimaka wa tawagar 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 samun cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin nahiyar Turai ta 2022 UEFA European Under-17 Championship, amma bai buga gasar ba saboda rauni.

An haɗa Doak a cikin tawagar 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 21 a karon farko a cikin Satumba 2022, yana da shekaru 16. Ya buga wasansa na farko a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a ranar 22 ga Satumba 2022 da Ireland ta Arewa kuma ya zura kwallo cikin mintuna bakwai; a yin haka, ya zama ƙarami wanda ya taɓa zira kwallaye ga 'yan wasan Scotland U21

## Aikin kulob
Doak ya fara aikinsa a kulob din Dalry Rovers na garinsu, kafin ya koma Ayr United sannan ya koma Celtic. A ranar 26 ga Disamba 2021, bayan ya cika shekara 16 a watan da ya gabata, Doak an nada shi a benci don nasarar Celtic da ci 3 – 1 zuwa St Johnstone. A ranar 29 ga Janairu 2022, ya fara halartan Celtic, wanda ya zo a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin minti na 68 a wasan Premier na Scotland da ci 1–0 da Dundee United.

Doak ya rattaba hannu tare da Liverpool a cikin Maris 2022, tare da Celtic saboda samun horon horo na kusan £ 600,000. A ranar 9 ga Nuwamba 2022, Doak ya fara buga wa Liverpool wasa lokacin da ya zo a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin minti na 74 a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida 3 – 2 da Derby County a zagaye na uku na gasar cin kofin EFL na 2022 – 23 a Anfield. Bayan kwana biyar, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin ƙwararrun sa na farko tare da Liverpool, bayan ya kai shekaru 17. Doak ya fara buga wa Liverpool tamaula a ranar 26 ga Disamba a cikin nasara da ci 3–1 a Aston Villa, kuma ya zama matashin dan wasan Scotland da ya bayyana a gasar Premier.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Kakansa Martin Doak shi ma ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne, wanda ya buga wa irin su Greenock Morton (fiye da bayyanuwa 300 a duk lokuta biyu).

## Manazarta