Adelaide Casely-Hayford

**Adelaide Casely-Hayford**, MBE (née **Smith**;an haife tane 2 ga watanYuni 1868 - 24 Janairu 1960), ta kasance mai ba da shawara ga Saliyo Creole, mai fafutukar kishin ƙasa, malami kuma marubuci almara kuma mace. An ba da ita ga aikin gwamnati, ta yi aiki don inganta yanayin baƙar fata maza da mata. A matsayinta na shugabar ilimin mata a Saliyo, ta taka rawa wajen yada siyasa da siyasa a cikin Pan-Africanist da mata a farkon 1900s. Ta kafa Makarantar Koyon Aiki da Koyarwa ta 'Yan Mata a Freetown a 1923 don koyar da al'adun gargajiya da nuna wariyar launin fata ga Saliyo a karkashin mulkin mallaka. Don bin asalin ƙasar Saliyo da al'adun gargajiya, ta ƙirƙiri abin mamaki ta hanyar sanya suturar gargajiya ta Afirka a cikin shekarar 1925 don halartar liyafar don girmama Yariman Wales.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Adelaide Smith an haife tane a ranar 2 ga watan Yuni 1868 ga dangin fitattu a Freetown, Saliyo, ga mahaifin gauraye (William Smith Jr, na Turanci da sarauta Fanti parentage) daga Gold Coast da mahaifiyar Creole, Anne Spilsbury, na Turanci, Jamaican Maroon, da Saliyo sun 'yantar da asalin Afirka. Adelaide ita ce ta biyu a cikin 'ya'yanta bakwai na iyayenta. Ita da 'yan uwanta mata sun girma a Ingila, inda mahaifinta ya yi ritaya a 1872 tare da danginsa a kan fansho na fam 666. Ta halarci Kwalejin Ladies na Jersey (yanzu Jersey College for Girls). Kamar sauran matan Saliyo da aka haife su a cikin fitattun jama'a, ta sami tasiri sosai game da dabi'un Victoria da ra'ayoyin dangi da matsayin mata.

Har ila yau, Casely-Hayford ta yi tafiya, kuma yayin yin hakan ya sami sha'awar siyasar Afirka ta Pan. A shekara ta 1872, ta yi ƙaura zuwa London kuma ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Ladies a tsibirin Jersey. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 17, Smith ya tafi Stuttgart, Jamus, dan yin nazarin kiɗa a Stuttgart Conservatory. Ta koma Ingila, inda ita da 'yar uwarta suka buɗe gidan kwana don baƙon Afirka da ke zaune a ƙasar a matsayin ɗalibai ko ma'aikata. A yayin wani jawabi a shekarar 1905, ta jaddada mahimmancin matan Afirka za su iya samu a cikin ci gaban zamantakewa da siyasa. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, ta koma Gold Coast (yanzu Ghana).

## Aure da iyali

Yayin da yake Ingila, Adelaide Smith ta auri J. E. Casely Hayford (kuma ana kiranta Ekra-Agiman). Auren nasu na iya ba ta zurfin fahimta game da al'adun Afirka kuma ta rinjayi canjin ta zuwa ɗan kishin ƙasa. Yarinyarsu Gladys Casely-Hayford ta zama sanannen mawaƙin Creole. A shekara ta 1914, auren Adelaide da J.E. sun gaza. Bayan haka, ta koma Saliyo.

## Komawa zuwa Freetown
Bayan shekaru 25 a ƙasashen waje, Adelaide Casely-Hayford da 'yan uwanta mata sun koma Saliyo. An yi wahayi zuwa ga ra'ayoyin girman kai na launin fata da haɗin gwiwar ci gaba ta Marcus Garvey ta Universal Negro Development Association (UNIA), ta shiga cikin Sashin Ladies na Freetown Branch. Ta zama jagorar mace ta Afirka, ta yin amfani da jawabinta da rubuce-rubuce don kalubalantar fifikon maza a Afirka da tallafawa 'yancin mata na Afirka. A shekarar 1915, ta gabatar da jawabi kan "Hakkokin mata da Auren Kirista" wanda ke bayyana hangen nesan ta na kara hakkokin mata. Ta tashi ta zama shugabar UNIA. A watan Yuni na 1920, ta yi murabus daga kungiyar saboda wani rikici na ban sha'awa tsakanin ta da Makarantar Koyon sana'o'in 'yan mata. Ta kai ziyara Amurka, tana ba da laccoci na jama'a don gyara ra'ayoyin jama'ar Amurka game da Afirka.

Komawa cikin Freetown, Casely-Hayford ta fara kafa wata cibiyar koyar da sana'a don taimakawa 'yan mata su koyi asalin al'adunsu da kuma haifar da alfahari na ƙasa. A watan Oktoba na 1923, aka buɗe Makarantar Koyon sana'a ta 'yan mata a cikin gidan Smith tare da ɗalibai 14. A matsayina na babba, Casely-Hayford za ta gwammace ɗalibai su sanya suturar asali zuwa makaranta, amma iyayensu sun ƙi wannan ra'ayin. Makarantar Koyon Budurwa ta kasance ta musamman saboda babu damar samun ilimi da yawa ga girlsan mata a Saliyo a lokacin. Makarantar ta kasance ta musamman saboda ba kawai ta koyar da youngan matan Afirka tarihin Afirka ba, har ma ta koya musu yadda za su zama masu tunani da 'yanci. Ta so ta koyar da 'yan mata kwarin gwiwa da kwarewa don zama shugabannin gaba a Afirka da Saliyo. A cikin edita na 1922, ta ce "Nan take, idanuna suka buɗe don gaskiyar cewa ilimin ya dace da [Mutanen Afirka] ya ... koya mana mu raina kanmu... Bukatarmu ta gaggawa ita ce ilimi wanda zai koya mana ƙaunar ƙasa, alfahari da launin fata, da sha'awar ikon baƙar fata, da kyakkyawar sha'awar aikin fasaha na Afirka," kuma tana "sa ido zuwa... sabuwar rana, wacce za a ba wa Afirka damar faɗaɗa da ci gaba, tare da ra'ayoyinta da manufofinta."

Ta kwashe shekaru masu zuwa tana rubuta abubuwan tunawa da gajerun labarai. Takaitaccen tarihinta "Mista Courifer" an nuna shi a cikin *African Treasury: Articles, Essays, Stories, Poems* (1960) na Langston Hughes, tarin gajerun ayyuka da marubutan Afirka suka buga, a Amurka. Ta mutu a Freetown ranar 24 ga Janairu 1960, tana da shekara 91.

## Muhimmanci a cikin al'ummar yau
Adelaide Smith Casely Hayford ta ba da hanya ga youngan mata inan mata a ƙasarta don su iya zuwa makaranta don koyan ƙwarewar da wataƙila ba za su iya koya da kansu ba. Adelaide ya ba wa mata 'yancin yin karatu da magana dan kansu amma kuma su shawo kan iyaye mata suyi renon yaransu a ƙasarsu ta yadda za su iya shiga cikin al'adun da aka haife su.

## Gado da girmamawa
Casey-Hayford ta sami lambobin yabo da yawa daga gwamnatin mulkin mallaka saboda amincewa da gudummawar da ta bayar ga mutanen Saliyo.

* 1935: An ba ta lambar yabo ta Jubilee ta Sarki.
* 1949: ta karbi MBE

Asteroid 6848 Casely-Hayford, masanan kimiyyar taurari na Amurka Eleanor Helin da Schelte Bus a Palomar Observatory a shekarar 1978, an sanya mata suna a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ta. Cibiyar Kula da Kayan Karatu ta buga wannan hukuma a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta 2019 (M.P.C. 115893).

## Manazarta