open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Abin tunawa da Doiran

Doiran Memorial wani abin tunawa ne na yaki na Commonwealth War Graves Commission wanda shine abin tunawa da fagen yaƙi da kuma abin tunawa ga wadanda suka ɓace. Yana girmama matattu na Sojojin Salonika na Burtaniya da kuma tunawa da sunayen 2171 da suka ɓace daga wannan rundunar da suka fadi a yaƙi a gaban Makidoniya a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na farko a cikin 1915-1918. 

Da yake kusa da ƙauyen Doirani a Girka a gefen kudu maso gabashin Tafkin Doiran, an sanya abin tunawa kusa da iyakar da ke tsakanin Girka da Serbia, kuma yanzu ita ce iyakar tsakanin Girka Da Arewacin Makidoniya. Abin tunawa yana kusa da makabartar CWGC da ake kira Doiran Military Cemetery kuma yana tsaye a kan wani tudu da ake kira Colonial Hill (an kira makabartar Colonial Hills Cemetery No.2).  Wurin tunawa shine inda aka yi fada mai tsanani a 1917 da 1918, duba Yakin Doiran (1917) da Yakin Doirana (1918).

Tsarin tunawa da masanin gine-ginen Hukumar Robert Lorimer ya ƙunshi matakai huɗu na murabba'i, kowannensu yana ɗauke da bangarorin suna, an sanya su don samar da murabba'in a kusa da tsakiya na tsakiya wanda ke da kimanin ƙafa 40 (12 , yana ɗauke le rubutun keɓewa da zakuna biyu da aka sassaƙa da dutse. Hotunan na Walter Gilbert ne.[1] Kudin abin tunawa an biya shi ne ta hanyar biyan kuɗi da aka tara daga jami'an da maza da suka yi aiki a yakin.[2]

Abin tunawa, tare da manyan rubutun da aka rufe da tutar Burtaniya da Girka, Janar Sir George Macdonogh, wanda ke wakiltar Sojojin Burtaniya ya bayyana shi a ranar 25 ga Satumba 1926. Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Royal (daga jirgin ) da Sojojin Girka ne suka ba da masu tsaron girmamawa. Wanda ke wakiltar Hukumar shine Sir Frederic Kenyon . 

A cikin jawabinsa a lokacin da aka bayyana, Macdonogh ya gabatar da tunanin Sir George Milne (kwamanda na Sojojin Salonika na Burtaniya a lokacin yakin) wanda bai iya halartar bayyanar ba. Macdonogh ya ci gaba da bayyana cewa:
Masu Ceto na Ruhun Musulunci

Masu Ceton Ruhin Musulunci (Urdu: تاریخ دعوت و عزیمت, romanized: Tarikh-i Dawat Wa Azimat) jerin littattafai ne na tarihin Musulunci. Littafin ya kunshi jerin tarihin rayuwa da tarihin wasu masu kawo gyara tun daga Umar Ibn Abdul Aziz a karni na daya bayan hijira zuwa Shah Waliullah Dehlawi a karni na 12 bayan hijira. Ya sami lambar yabo ta kasa da kasa ta Sultan Brunei a cikin 1999 daga Jami'ar Oxford.

## Bayyanawa
Halin Nadwi da hangen nesa sun bayyana sosai ta hanyar magnum opus guda biyar, **'Tarikh-i Dawat wa Azimat**', wanda aka fassara zuwa Turanci a matsayin Masu Ceton Ruhun Musulunci (4 vols.). A cikin waɗannan kundin, ya nuna ƙoƙarin ilimi da addini na Islama, tarihin zamantakewa da ƙoƙarin farfadowa da sake fasalin kuma ya gabatar da shugabannin irin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi a hanya mai yawa. Ya bayyana a cikin gabatarwa na littafin cewa a cikin Islama an ci gaba da ƙungiyoyin gyarawa kuma babu dogon lokaci na dakatarwa ko aiki. *Tarikh-i Dawat Wa Azimat* ya amsa mahimman tambayoyin tarihin Islama. Viz, menene a cikin al'ummar Islama wanda, duk da duk abubuwan da suka faru da kuma lalacewa, ya bayyana rashin juriya? Tarihin Islama tarihi ne na dawah da ƙarfin hali kuma wanda ke ci gaba da ƙin yarda da farfado da kansa ta hanyar Tajdid, Islah da Jihad. Tarikh-i Dawat Wa Azimat yana ba da madadin ra'ayi na kallon tarihin Islama a matsayin tarihin Ulama da masu ilimi maimakon tarihin Sultans da gwamnatoci wasu masu daraja da tsoro. Dangane da yanayinsu wasu daga cikin Ulama sun shiga ko ma sun jagoranci Jihad, wasu suna mai da hankali kan samun zukatan mutane da ransu. Ba abin mamaki ba ne al'ummar Islama ta sha wahala sosai ta hanyar faduwar Ulama fiye da rashin aminci na Umara (mutane masu arziki da iko).

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin Haɗi na Waje
*
* 
*
Karwan-e-Zindagi

***Karwan-e-Zindagi*** (Urdu) babban tarihin rayuwar Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi ne a cikin kundin bakwai wanda ke da gudummawa ga tarihi da kuma wallafe-wallafen Urdu. Da farko, an rubuta littafin ne a cikin Urdu.

## Abinda ke ciki
A cikin wannan aikin, Nadwi ya yi ƙoƙari ya rufe duk bayanan da suka shafi kansa da kuma abubuwan da suka faru a rayuwarsa. Dalilin da ya yi na rubuta tarihin kansa ba kawai don ba da labarin abubuwan da ba za a iya mantawa da su ba a rayuwarsa amma don samar da dukkan ayyukansa waɗanda ke bayyana ci gaban ilimi da ci gabansa. Abubuwan da suka faru a tarihi a rayuwarsa an tsara su don ba wa mai karatu damar bincika rawar da ya taka a cikin abubuwan da aka ambata, wanda Nadwi ya kasance mai shiga tsakani. Bugu da ƙari, tarihin rayuwarsa yana da ma'ana sosai ga rubuce-rubucensa masu yawa don nuna gudummawar da ya bayar ga tunanin Islama na zamani. Littafin kuma yayi ƙoƙari ya bincika hangen nesa da tunanin Nadwi game da Islama da bil'adama da kuma abin da yake da shi ga sake farfado da Islama a zamanin zamani. Ya bayyana a cikin tarihin kansa cewa, ya yi imani da daidaito, ci gaba, yin amfani da duk wani tsohuwar da ke da fa'ida, ya yi maraba da duk wani sabon abu mai kyau, ya karɓa daga al'ada abin da ke da gaskiya kuma ya ƙi abin da ke cikin shakku. Yana wakiltar bayaninsa na sauran muhimman ayyukansa, wanda aka bincika don cikakken godiya ga gudummawar da ya bayar ga tunanin Islama na zamani.

## Karɓar baƙi
Game da littafin, Muhiuddin Khan ya ce,

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

*
Seerat-i-Sayyid Ahmad Shaheed

***Seerat-i-Sayyid Ahmad Shaheed*** (Urdu) shi ne tarihin farko na Syed Ahmad Barelvi, wanda Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi ya rubuta a Urdu. Ya rubuta littafin yana da shekara 24. Littafin yana da kundi biyu. Volume na farko yana da surori 125 da shafuka 588. Volume na biyu yana da surori 150 da shafuka 588. Ya ƙunshi cikakken bayani game da rayuwar da manufa na Syed Ahmad Shahid . An rubuta littafin ne a cikin 1939   

## Bayyanawa
Ayyukan Nadwi na farko da aka yi a matsayin masanin tarihi shine tarihin tarihin tarihinsa mai taken, *Seerat-i-Sayyid Ahmad Shaheed* wanda aka rubuta a 1938-39 AZ. Da farko ya kuma buga wani labarin game da Ahmad Shaheed a cikin Jaridar Larabci  a cikin 1931 AZ. Littafin tarihin rayuwa ne, ayyuka da nasarorin wanda ya kafa babbar ƙungiyar farfadowa da aka sani da tarihin Indiya. Yana da cikakkiyar, bincike mai kyau da kuma rubuce-rubuce game da manyan kayan da ke cikin batun. Marubucin ya ce,

Sabili da haka, yin amfani da duk tushen da ke akwai a kan batun don samar da aiki mai cancanta don fahimtar ainihin darajar da darajar motsi na Sayyid Ahmad Shaheed da kuma wurin da ya kasance a cikin fitattun Islama. Littafin ya sami nasara nan take kuma ya sami yabo mai yawa, a ciki da waje. Hanyar da aka karɓi wannan littafin alama ce ta shahararren Sayyid Ahmad Shaheed da kuma sha'awar mutane su san komai game da shi. Yanayin siyasa da ke faruwa a Indiya ya haifar da karuwar Musulmai, wadanda ke da sha'awar dawo da asalin su da kuma ganin Islama mai karfi da iko a duniya. A dabi'a, saƙon Sayyid Ahmad na bege da bangaskiya, na amincewa da kai da fahimtar kai, wanda ke cikin littafin, sun yi maraba da su da farin ciki. Littafin Nadwi da sauran rubuce-rubucen da suka danganci Sayyid Ahmad Shaheed, ban da haka, sun zama ƙaryatãwa kuma sun share ra'ayoyi da yawa game da Sayyid Ahmad da motsinsa da wasu marubutan yamma suka yada, kamar Peter Hardy, *Musulmai na Indiya ta Burtaniya*. William Wilson Hunter, Indian Musalmans da wasu marubutan neman gafara. Kamar yadda Nadwi ya ce:

Amma a cewar Nadwi, da alama marubutan ba su so su tabbatar da gaskiyar gaskiya ba; sun ba da tabbaci ga kowane jita-jita mara tushe ba tare da kimanta darajar shaidar da ta kai su ba. Sabili da haka, a bangaren su inuwa ce ta sadaka ta ruhaniya da aka ba da kyauta ta hanyar yaƙe-yaƙe, wanda ba a sa ran mutanen zamani da ke da'awar su masu tunani ne.

## Manazarta

## Ƙarin karantawa

*  

## Haɗin waje

*
Musulmai a Indiya (littafi)

***Musulmai a Indiya*** () littafi ne na Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi, wanda aka rubuta a Larabci a matsayin *Al Muslimun fil Hind* . Misali ne na tarihi na Musulmai na Indiya da gwagwarmayar addini, ilimi, da al'adu. An buga shi daga Dar Ibn Kathir a 1953. Mohammad Asif Kidwai ne ya fassara fassarar Turanci.

## Bayyanawa
Da farko an kawo shi cikin Larabci sannan daga baya aka fassara shi zuwa Urdu kuma daga baya zuwa Turanci a matsayin *Musulmai a Indiya*. Matsayin Islama da Musulmai a tarihin Indiya an karkatar da shi da gangan, da farko daga marubutan yamma, don yin hidima ga bukatunsu a Indiya; ta hanyar masanin tarihin gurguzu da na duniya da aka makantar da su ta hanyar akidar akidar, marubutan masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Hindu saboda ra'ayoyinsu game da shi da kuma marubuta masu neman gafara na Musulmai. Kamar yadda, Maulana Nadwi da kansa ya rubuta:

Don kawar da kuskuren da wasu bayanan da suka haifar game da rawar da Musulmai ke takawa a Indiya, littafin Nadwi ya zama mafi amfani a kan batun, wanda ya ba da amsa ga waɗancan masana tarihi, waɗanda ke la'akari da lokacin mulkin Islama a matsayin Dark Age a tarihin wannan yankin. An buga shi a cikin 1953 AZ lokacin da Musulmai a Indiya ke neman irin wannan rubuce-rubuce mai ma'ana, sun tsara ainihin hoton tare da daidaito don hana hare-haren da ba su da ma'ana game da ainihin su da wanzuwarsu a ƙasarsu. Wannan cikakken amma taƙaitaccen littafi yana da amfani sosai saboda ba zai yiwu kowa ya karanta wasu manyan ayyuka a Farisa ba har ma a cikin Urdu na tsohuwar salon don yin tambaya game da al'adu da yawa, karatu da rubutu, kayan aiki, da nasarorin siyasa na zamanin Musulmi a tarihin Indiya. Saboda haka, wannan littafin Nadwi ya ba da cikakken bayani game da gaskiyar musulmi wanda ya shiga cikin yin tarihin Indiya da al'adu. Kasancewarsu a kowane nau'in rayuwa a cikin mafi mahimmancin tarihin Indiya ya jawo mafi kyawun su, ya kafa harsashin al'adun da suka dace. Gudummawar Musulmai a kowane mataki na rayuwa da al'umma ya bar ra'ayinsa mai yawa a kusan dukkanin ayyukan ɗan adam, gami da aikin gwamnati da gudanar da ƙasa. Ya nuna rawar da Musulmai suka taka a ci gaba da ci gaban ƙasarsu, nasarorin malaman Musulmai da gudummawarsu da rawar da Musulmi suka taka a gwagwarmayar 'yanci ta Indiya. A cikin kalmomin Nadwi,

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Fassara ta Turanci
John Meriwether

**John William Meriwether** (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga Agusta, 1947) babban jami'in asusun hedge ne na Amurka .

## Ilimi
Meriwether ta sami digirin farko daga Jami'ar Northwester da kuma digirin MBA daga Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Booth ta Jami'ar Chicago . 

## 'Yan'uwan Salomon
Bayan kammala karatunsa, Meriwether ya koma birnin New York, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin dillalin takardun lamuni a Salomon Brothers . A Salomon, Meriwether ya zama shugaban ƙungiyar sasantawa ta kuɗi mai zaman kanta a farkon shekarun 1980 kuma mataimakin shugaban kamfanin a 1988.  A shekarar 1991, an kama Salomon a cikin badakalar cinikin hannun jari ta Ma'aikatar Kuɗi da wani ma'aikacin Meriwether, Paul Mozer, ya yi. An biya Meriwether dala $50,000 a matsayin tarar farar hula. 

## LTCM
Meriwether ta kafa asusun hedge Long-Term Capital Management a shekarar 1994. Asusun ya ruguje a shekarar 1998.  Littattafan *da suka yi magana a kai: Rise and Fall of Long-Term Capital Management* and *Inventing Money: The Story of Long-Term Capital Management and the Legends Behind It* sun yi bayani dalla-dalla kan abubuwan da suka faru kafin da kuma bayan rasuwar Long-Term Capital Management. 

## Abokan Hulɗa na JWM
Shekara guda bayan rugujewar LTCM, a shekarar 1999, Meriwether ya kafa JWM Partners LLC . Asusun ajiyar kadarori ya bude da dala miliyan 250 a karkashin kulawarsa, kuma zuwa shekarar 2007 ya sami kimanin dala biliyan 3.  Daga Satumba 2007 zuwa Fabrairu 2009, a lokacin Babban Koma bayan Tattalin Arziki, babban asusunsa ya rasa kashi 44%. A ranar 8 ga Yuli, 2009, Meriwether ya rufe asusun. 

## JM Advisors
Meriwether ya buɗe asusunsa na uku na hedge, mai suna JM Advisors Management, a shekarar 2010. Ana sa ran asusun zai yi amfani da dabarun iri ɗaya kamar LTCM da JWM, wato "hanyar sulhu mai alaƙa da darajar kuɗi". Duk da haka, zuwa Maris 2011, Asusun JM Advisors Macro ya tara dala miliyan 28.85 kacal.

## Tseren Thoroughbred
Meriwether ta kasance mai mallakar dawaki masu kyau tsawon shekaru da dama kuma memba ne na kwamitin gudanarwa na Ƙungiyar Racing ta New York (NYRA). Ya yi yakin neman zaben Buckhan, wanda ya lashe gasar International Stakes ta Washington, DC ta 1993. 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin asarar ciniki
* *Maƙaryaci na Poker*
* *Lokacin da Genius Ya Kasa*
* Matsalar baƙar fata

## Manazarta
Jamia Imam Muhammad Anwar Shah

**Jamia Imam Muhammad Anwar Shah** makarantar firamare ce ta Musulunci da ke Deoband, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh .

## Tarihi
Jamia Imam Muhammad Anwar Shah ne Anzar Shah Kashmiri ya kafa shi a shekarar 1997.  An sanya masa suna ne bayan masanin hadisi na Indiya Anwar Shah Kashmiri . Jamia ta bi dars-e-nizami syllabus.

Mawallafin Indiya Fuzail Ahmad Nasiri shine Mataimakin Mai Gudanar da Ilimi da Farfesa na Hadith na Jamia.

## Littattafai

* *Muhaddis-e-Asr na kowane wata* (Urdu) 

## Manazarta
Anna-Lisa Thomson

**Anna-Lisa Thomson**, an haife ta a ranar 20 ga Satumba, 1905 a Karlskrona, Sweden, ta mutu a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 1952, ƙwararren mai zane ne kuma mai yin yumbu ɗan ƙasar Sweden.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Anna-Lisa Thomson ta sami karatunta a Makarantar Fasaha da ke Stockholm daga 1924 zuwa 1928.  Ta fara nan da nan bayan ta yi horo a masana'antar yumbu ta St. Erik lervarufabrik da ke Uppsala . Bayan shekaru biyu, ita ce daraktan fasaha na masana'antar. A tsakiyar shekarun 1930 ta zo Upsala-Ekeby AB inda ita da Sven Erik Skawonius da Vicke Lindstrand suka canza alkiblar kamfanin ta yumbu. Kayan ado da kayan kawa na Thomson's da Skawonius sun sami kyaututtuka da dama na duniya, ciki har da a Paris a 1937 da New York a 1939.

Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan Thomson shine gilashin fure "Paprika" na 1948, wanda aka ƙera shi a cikin siffofi da girma dabam-dabam kuma har yanzu ana samarwa har zuwa shekarun 1960. "Paprika" haɗin tukwane ne mai kauri, baƙi da kuma farin ko rawaya mai sheƙi, wannan sabon abu ne a lokacin. "Lancett" (1949) wani sabon aiki ne na ƙirƙira, tukunya mai sauƙi. Kayan fasaharta sun bambanta ta hanyar sifofi masu tsabta masu sauƙi tare da fenti ko fenti mai zane da kayan ado na ruwa. Da gangan, ta gabatar da ƙa'idar cewa ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa da manyan masana'antu don ƙirƙirar abubuwa masu araha, kyakkyawan ƙira zai kasance ga jama'a.

Anna-Lisa Thomson ma ƙwararriyar mai zane ce, kuma ta shafe wani ɓangare na shekara tana yin zane a gidanta na bazara a Grundsund a gabar tekun yamma. Aikinta bai yi wayo ba, ya samo asali ne daga yanayi kuma mai launuka iri-iri. Ta yi fama da cutar kansa kuma ta mutu tana da shekaru 46. Littafin waƙar Sweden mai suna "Eko av dagens ljusa klang" ya haɗa da zane-zanen Anna-Lisa Thomson kuma an buga shi bayan mutuwarsa a shekarar 1953.

An kafa gidauniyar tunawa da Anna-Lisa Thomson bayan rasuwarta a shekarar 1952. Babban aikin gidauniyar shine bayar da tallafin karatu ga mata masu fasaha da kuma iliminsu na shekara-shekara. 

## Manazarta
Nashr al-Tib

***Nashr al-Tib fi Zikr al-Nabi al-Habib*** (Urdu) tarihin rayuwar Muhammadu ne wanda Ashraf Ali Thanwi ya rubuta a cikin 1911-1912, a lokacin barkewar cutar a Indiya.  Littafin ya kunshi surori 41 kuma ya gabatar da Muhammadu a matsayin kyauta ga dukan sararin samaniya. Yana bincika fannoni daban-daban na rayuwarsa, koyarwarsa, da halayensa, yana nuna tasirinsa a kan bil'adama.

## Tushen
Game da tushen da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin littafin, marubucin da kansa ya ambaci cewa yayin da yake rubuta **Nashr al-Tib* fi Zikr al-Nabi al-Habib*, ya ambaci ayyukan kamar *[[Kutub al-Sittah|Kutub al-Sitta]]* da *Ash-Shama'il al-Muhammadiyya* . Bugu da ƙari, marubucin ya yi amfani da wasu mahimman matani kamar *[[Zad al-Ma'ad]]*, *Al-Muwahib al-Ladunniyyah*, littattafan Sirat ciki har da  . Bugu da ƙari, marubucin ya yi amfani da mujallar Larabci da ake kira *Shamim al-Habib* har zuwa yadda za'a iya la'akari da Nashr al-Tib a matsayin fassarar abubuwan da ke ciki.

## Fassara
A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1980, Gidauniyar Musulunci ta Bangladesh ta buga fassarar Bengali ta farko ta littafin mai taken "Je Fuler Khoshbute Sara Jahan Matwara (The Flower Who Fragrance Has Enthralled The Entire World). " Muhammad Aminul Islam na Masallacin Lalbagh Shahi ne ya fassara fassarar. Mai fassara littafin Turanci shine Muhammad Sajjad Yunus, kuma ana kiransa "Memembering The Beloved Prophet (S)."

## Karɓar baƙi
Muhammad Mian Siddique ya ce ya ƙunshi dukkan fannoni na rayuwar Muhammad a takaice a cikin salon rubutu mai sauƙi da santsi wanda ke guje wa harshe mai rikitarwa, kuma cewa ƙaddamar da ɗabi'a da aka zana bayan kowane batu yana inganta littafin. Abul Khair Kashfaqi ya ce ya haɗa da hadisai masu zurfi waɗanda ke haskakawa game da kyawawan halaye na Muhammadu, ladabi na zamantakewa, da ayyukan yau da kullun.

## Manazarta

*  

## Haɗin waje

*  a Intanet ArchiveTarihin Intanet
Karol Tichy

**Karol Józef Tichy** (2 ga Fabrairu 1871 - 26 ko 27 ga Nuwamba 1939) ƙwararren mai zane ne na Art Nouveau na ƙasar Poland, malami, malami kuma mai zane.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife shi a Bursztyn, a lokacin yana daular Austria, yanzu kuma yana Ukraine. Bayan kammala karatun sakandare, ya fara karatun lauya a Jami'ar Jagiellonian (1889-1890) da kuma zane a Makarantar Fasaha ta Fine, duka a Kraków . Ya ci gaba da karatun fasaha a Munich da kuma École des beaux-arts da ke Paris. 

Ya fi shiga cikin fasahar zane-zane, yana tsara kayan ciki, masaku, kayan daki da yumbu (wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin majagaba na fasahar zane-zane ta zamani a Poland). [1][2] Ya haɗu ya kafa ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar masu fasaha ta Ład a 1926 [1] kuma memba ne na Polska Sztuka Stosowana (Polish Applied Art) (1901–1914). [1]

Daga shekarar 1904 zuwa gaba, ya kasance malami a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Fine Arts da ke Warsaw, inda yake gudanar da ɗakin zane da zane na yumbu, kuma shine darektan Kwalejin daga 1922 zuwa 1923.   Ya mutu a Warsaw kuma an binne shi a Niepołomice .

## Manazarta

* 
* 
* 


## Bibliography
* M. Wallis: *Secesja*. Wydanie II. Wydawnictwo Arkady, Warsaw 1974. 
* Wielka Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN, tom 11, p.&nbsp;524, Warsaw 1968.
Lubor Těhník

**Lubor Těhník** (12 ga Disamba 1926 - 3 ga Maris 1987) ƙwararren mai yin yumbu ne na ƙasar Czech . Ya yi amfani da kayan fasaha na ƙasa kuma ya yi manyan ayyukan fasaha.

## Rayuwa
Ya yi karatun Fasaha kan Faculty of Pedagogical na Jami'ar Charles da ke Prague daga 1947 zuwa 1951.

## Zane-zane
Ya yi aiki a wuraren bita na yumbu a Kostelec nad Černými lesy, Štěchovice da Prague.

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* www.isabart.org/person/1441
* leccos.com/index.php/clanky/tehnik-lubor
Claude Vermette

**Claude Vermette** RCA (10 ga Agusta, 1930 - 21 ga Afrilu, 2006) ƙwararren mai zane ne na ƙasar Kanada kuma mai zane . An haife shi a Montreal, Quebec kuma ya mutu a Sainte-Agathe-des-Monts . Mai zane ne mai suna a duniya, kuma ya bayar da muhimmiyar gudummawa ga fasahar yumbu a Kanada, musamman a fannin gine-gine, inda ake ɗaukarsa a matsayin majagaba.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
A matsayinsa na mai yin yumbu wanda ya yi aiki a fannin gine-gine, Claude Vermette ya kasance majagaba a Quebec da kuma Kanada wajen wannan nau'in zane-zane. Fashewar launukan yumbunsa, ɗumin launukansu da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na zane-zanensu sun kawo yanayin ɗan adam a wuraren gine-gine waɗanda galibi launin toka da sanyi ne. A cikin zane-zanensa da kuma a cikin kwafi da launukan ruwa, Claude Vermette ya bi wannan hanyar mai ƙarfin hali yayin da yake ci gaba da sabunta da faɗaɗa damar launi da haske.

### Nazarin
Claude Vermette, mazaunin Montreal na tsawon rayuwarsa, ya yi karatun fasaha a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ɗan'uwa Jerome, Csc a Kwalejin Notre-Dame yayin da yake halartar Kwalejin Saint-Laurent da kwalejin Clercs de Saint-Viateur don karatunsa na ilimi. Ta hanyar tuntuɓarsa da Ɗan'uwa Jerome, ya haɗu da Paul-Émile Borduas kuma ya shiga ƙungiyar masu fasaha masu tasowa ta Automatiste . Borduas ya ɗauke shi ƙarami da bai sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar " Refus Global " ta 1948 ba (ƙin duniya), amma ya kasance a wurin ƙaddamar da wannan sanarwar, wadda aka ƙaddara za ta shahara a tarihin Quebec na zamani. Zane, zane da tukwane su ne manyan hanyoyin bayyana shi.

### Shekarun da aka kafa
Nunin farko da ya yi a shekarun 1948, 1950 da 1952 ya sa masu sukar fasaha suka lura da shi, waɗanda suka yaba masa, suka kuma fahimci alƙawarin zai zama makoma mai kyau. A shekarar 1952, sha'awarsa ga kayan yumbu ta ƙaru a lokacin rangadin karatu a Turai, musamman a Italiya, inda ya haɗu da mai ginin Gio Ponti, babban ɗan wasa a cikin sake haifar da ƙirar zamani ta Italiya kuma wanda ya kafa mujallar Domus da kuma mai sassaka-yumbu Fausto Melotti . Wani muhimmin karo shi ne na mai ginin gine-gine na ƙasar Finland, Alvar Aalto .

## Manazarta
Jade Snow Wong

**Jade Snow Wong** (Janairu 21, 1922 &#x2013; Maris 16, 2006) ƙwararriyar mai zane ce ta ƙasar Sin, kuma marubuciya a cikin tarihin rayuwa guda biyu.  An ba ta sunan Turanci na **Constance**, wanda kuma aka fi sani da **Connie Wong Ong** .

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Wong a ranar 21 ga Janairu, 1922, kuma ta girma a San Francisco ; ita ce 'ya ta biyar a cikin wani iyali da suka yi ƙaura daga Guangdong, China, wanda ya girma har ya haifi 'ya'ya tara. An rene ta da imani da al'adun gargajiya na Sin waɗanda iyalinta da dattawanta suka ɗora mata. 

Wong ta fara zuwa Kwalejin Ƙaramin San Francisco, daga baya kuma ta halarci Kwalejin Mills, inda ta yi karatun tattalin arziki da zamantakewa da fatan zama ma'aikacin zamantakewa a Chinatown .  Wong ta kammala karatunta daga Kwalejin Mills a shekarar 1942 da lambar Phi Beta Kappa . A lokacin da take Mills, ta gano baiwar yin zane-zane a lokacin bazara kuma ta shiga ƙungiyar Ceramics da ke da alaƙa da kwalejin.  Wong ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin sakatare a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu .

## Aikin fasaha

Aikin Wong a fannin tukwane ya fara ne bayan da ta shawo kan wani ɗan kasuwa a Grant Avenue da ke Chinatown, San Francisco, ya ba ta damar sanya shagonta a tagar shagonsa.  Mai zane Win Ng (1936–1991) ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin Wong lokacin da yake matashi. 

Daga baya an nuna kayan aikinta a gidajen tarihi na fasaha a faɗin Amurka, ciki har da wani baje koli na 2002 a Ƙungiyar Tarihi ta Sinawa ta Amurka . [1] An kuma nuna su a Gidan Tarihi na MH de Young Memorial da ke San Francisco, Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani na San Francisco, Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago (wani wasan kwaikwayo na mace ɗaya), Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani a Birnin New York, Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Amurka na Smithsonian da ke Washington, DC, da Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Cincinnati, da kuma nunin fina-finai a Omaha, Nebraska, da Portland, Oregon.

## Manazarta
Michael Marcus (mai ciniki)

**Michael Phillips Marcus**  ɗan kasuwa ne na kayayyaki wanda, cikin ƙasa da shekaru 20, ana kyautata zaton ya mayar da dala 30,000 na farko zuwa dala miliyan 80. 

Marcus ya fara kasuwancinsa na kasuwanci a shekarar 1972 lokacin da ya sayi kayan gaba na plywood tare da tanadin rayuwarsa na dala 7000. A lokacin bazara na shekarar 1972, Shugaba Richard Nixon ya daskarar da farashin wasu kayayyaki, amma kwangilolin gaba sun yi tashin gwauron zabi, wanda hakan ya kara hannun jarin Marcus daga dala 7000 zuwa dala 12,000. A shekarar 1973 ya mayar da dala 24,000 zuwa dala 64,000.

Marcus ya koyi dokokin kula da kuɗi daga Ed Seykota, wanda ya haɗu da shi yayin da yake aiki a matsayin mai sharhi.   Daga ƙarshe Marcus ya zama mataimakin shugaban ƙasa a Commodities Corporation . Marcus kwanan nan ya zuba jari a ƙananan hannun jari ta hanyar kamfaninsa na riƙe da hannun jari Canmarc Trading Co kuma daga baya ya saka hannun jari na sirri a ƙananan kamfanoni kamar Prospector Consolidated Resources  da Encore Clean Energy Inc  da Pink Sheets Touchstone Resources.

Kamfanin ViRexx Medical Corp, wani kamfani da ya mayar da hankali kan maganin rigakafi ga wasu cututtukan daji, ciwon hanta na kullum na B da C, da kuma maganin embolotherapy ga ciwace-ciwacen daji, ya sanar da zaɓen Marcus ga Hukumar Gudanarwa a Babban Taronta na Shekara-shekara da aka gudanar a ranar 25 ga Mayu, 2006.

Thomas A Bass ya yi ɗan gajeren bayani game da Marcus, a cikin littafin *The Predictors: How a Band of Maverick Physicists Used Chaos Theory to Trade Their Way to a Fortune on Wall Street.*  Bugu da ƙari, Jack Schwager ya yi wa Marcus hira a cikin littafin Market Wizards. An bayyana Marcus a matsayin mai tsara taswirar da ke "sa ido kan shigar kasuwa da juriya."

## Ilimi da rayuwar mutum
An rene shi a Providence, Rhode Island, kuma ya girma a gidan Yahudawa, mahaifin Marcus alkali ne, mahaifiyarsa kuma malamar makaranta ce.  Ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1969 Phi Beta Kappa daga Johns Hopkins kuma ya yi karatun ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a Jami'ar Clark .  A wani lokaci ya kasance mai bin Maharishi Mahesh Yogi mai ibada. 

## Yara
Michael yana da 'ya'ya biyu, Aubrey (sunan haihuwa Christopher), da kuma Will.

## Mutuwa
Michael Marcus ya mutu a ranar 25 ga Maris, 2023, a Austin, Texas. Bayan rasuwarsa, ɗansa Aubrey ya yi magana game da rayuwarsa a cikin wani shiri na shirinsa na podcast.

## Manazarta

## Ƙarin karatu
Bikin Kiɗa na Tekun Mystic

Bikin Kiɗan Tekun Mystic Seaport, wanda ake gudanarwa kowace shekara a watan Yuni daga 1980 zuwa 2019 a Gidan Tarihi na Mystic Seaport da ke Mystic, Connecticut, yana cikin mafi tsufa, kuma shine babban bikin kiɗan teku a Amurka. An ruwaito cewa ya jawo hankalin "mafi girman mawakan teku, malamai, da magoya baya." [1] Dr. Stuart M. Frank ne ya fara shirya bikin a matsayin wurin yin wasa da jin kiɗan teku da kuma taron tattaunawa ga masana kiɗan ethno, masana ilimin ɗan adam, da masana tarihi.

## Jerin Masu Wasa

### 1980 (na 1)

### 1989 (na 10)

### 1999 (na 20)
Tushe:  Tushe:  Tushe:

## Manazarta
Chistopol

**Chistopol** ( Russian   ; Tatar   ; Chuvash  , *Çistay* ) gari ne da ke Tatarstan, Rasha, wanda ke gefen hagu na Madatsar Ruwa ta Kuybyshev, a kan Kogin Kama . Tun daga ƙidayar jama'a ta 2010, yawan jama'arta ya kai&nbsp;60,755. 

A ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, Chistopol ta zama babbar cibiyar cinikin hatsi. Kafin shekarar 1917, ita ce birni na biyu mafi girma (bayan Kazan) a gundumar Kazan .

A lokacin Babban Yaƙin Duniya na Kishin Ƙasa, Chistopol ya zama mafaka ga Tarayyar Marubutan Soviet, waɗanda suka haɗa da Boris Pasternak, Leonid Leonov da sauran fitattun mutane.

Tsakanin shekarar 1918 da 1950, an ɓoye gawarwakin waɗanda suka mutu ko aka kashe a gidan yarin birnin a makabartar birnin. A shekarar 2006, majalisar ta gina musu wani abin tunawa a can.

An sanya Chistopol a matsayi na farko a cikin biranen Nau'i na III (yawan jama'a har zuwa 100,000) a cikin bugu na 2015 na Most Comfortable City a Rasha . 

A shekara ta 1781, Sarauniya Catherine Mai Girma ta kafa cibiyar "Yankin Chistopol na Gundumar Kazan" (Rusmania). A ƙarni na 19, birnin ya bunƙasa wajen noman hatsi. Kusan rabin filayensa an yi amfani da shi don noman hatsi tare da ciniki. Wurin da yake da kuma tashoshin jiragen ruwa sun ba da damar samun albarkatu da yawa, kuma a kan lokaci, ya zama birni na biyu mafi girma a Gundumar Kazan (Rusmania). Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na 2, an sanya marubuta da yawa da aka yaba a Chistopol. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, an mayar da wani muhimmin masana'antar agogo zuwa birnin a 1942. Agogon 'Vostok' yanzu sun shahara sosai a garin. Tun daga lokacin, birnin ya kiyaye yanayinsa na ƙarni na 19 kuma ya kasance cibiyar tarihi.

## Matsayin Gudanarwa da na birni
A cikin tsarin sassan gudanarwa, Chistopol yana aiki a matsayin cibiyar gudanarwa ta Gundumar Chistopolsky, duk da cewa ba wani ɓangare na ta ba ne.  A matsayinta na sashen gudanarwa, tare da wani yanki na karkara ɗaya (mazaunin Yeryklinsky ), an haɗa ta daban a matsayin **garin Chistopol mai mahimmancin jamhuriya** - wani yanki na gudanarwa mai matsayi daidai da na gundumomi .  A matsayinta na yanki na birni, an haɗa garin Chistopol mai mahimmancin jamhuriya a cikin Gundumar Chistopolsky a matsayin **Mazaunin Birane na Chistopol** . 

## Sufuri
Filin jirgin saman Chistopol yana hidimar garin.

## Sanannun Mutane

* Alexander Butlerov, an haife shi a Chistopol, masanin kimiyyar sinadarai
* Sofia Gubaidulina, an haife ta a Chistopol, mawakiya ce
* Nikolay Likhachyov, an haife shi a Chistopol, masanin kimiyya
* Anatoly Marchenko, ya mutu a Chistopol, ɗan adawa
* Boris Pasternak, an yi masa korar kare a Chistopol a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu
* Vazif Meylanov, wanda aka tsare a Chistopol, ɗan adawa

## Manazarta
Ian Falconer

**Ian Woodward Falconer** (25 ga Agusta, 1959 - 7 ga Maris, 2023)  marubuci ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka, mai zane-zane, mai tsara saitin littattafai, kuma mai tsara kayan ado . Falconer ya kasance abin tarihi ga mai zane-zanen pop David Hockney, wanda ya yi aiki tare da shi wajen tsara kayan ado don shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo. Falconer ya ƙirƙiri murfin mujallu da yawa don *The New Yorker* da sauran wallafe-wallafe. A shekara ta 2001, ya sami lambar yabo ta Caldecott Honor saboda rubutawa da kuma kwatanta jerin littattafan yara na *Olivia* . 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Ian Woodward Falconer a ranar 25 ga Agusta, 1959, a Ridgefield, Connecticut, ga iyayensa Alexandra da Bruce Falconer. [1] Mahaifiyarsa ta mallaki shagon abinci mai kyau tare, ta koyar da zane-zane, kuma tana gudanar da makarantar koyon tuƙa jiragen ruwa, yayin da mahaifinsa ke aiki a matsayin mai zane.

Falconer ya kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Cambridge ta Weston kuma ya yi karatun tarihin fasaha a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma Makarantar Zane ta Parsons . 

Lokacin da Falconer yake da shekaru 19, ya haɗu da mai zane David Hockney a gidan mai kula da Henry Geldzahler na New York.  Bayan sun ƙulla dangantaka, Falconer ya koma Cibiyar Fasaha ta Otis lokacin da Hockney ya koma Los Angeles.  Duk da haka, Falconer ya bar kwaleji saboda yana jin cewa kawai ya koya masa "sana'o'in gida," yana mai cewa "ba ya buƙatar wani malami sai David Hockney." 

## Sana'a

### Zane-zanen gidan wasan kwaikwayo
Falconer ya kasance mai himma a duniyar zane-zanen wasan kwaikwayo. A shekarar 1987, ya taimaka wa Hockney wajen tsara kayan ado na fim ɗin *Tristan und Isolde* na Richard Wagner na Los Angeles Opera ; a shekarar 1992 ya taimaka wa Hockney wajen shirya fim ɗin *Turandot* na Puccini na Chicago Lyric Opera .  A shekarar 1992, Falconer ya tsara kayan ado na fim ɗin, Hockney kuma ya tsara kayan don fim ɗin Richard Strauss na The Royal Opera ' *Die Frau ohne Schatten* a Covent Garden . 

A shekarar 1996, Falconer ya tsara saitin fim ɗin The Atlantic Theater na *The Santaland Diaries*, wanda David Sedaris ya rubuta. Ben Brantley, mai sukar wasan kwaikwayo na *[[New York Times|The New York Times]]*, ya rubuta "Zane-zanen zane mai ban dariya da Ian Falconer ya shirya ya yi kyau sosai a cikin launin toka mai kama da na yau da kullun." 

A shekarar 1999, Falconer ya tsara shimfidar wurare da kayan ado don shirya fim ɗin Igor Stravinsky mai suna *The* *Firebird*, wanda Christopher Wheeldon ya shirya. A wannan shekarar, ya tsara saitin fim ɗin don *Scenes de Ballet .* A shekara ta 2001 ya tsara saitin fim ɗin da kayan ado na Felix Mendelssohn 's *Variations sérieuses .* Wheeldon ya yi wasan kwaikwayo na biyu na New York City Ballet .  A shekara ta 2002, Falconer ya tsara saitin fim ɗin da kayan ado na *Jeu de Cartes* na Stravinsky, wanda Peter Martins ya shirya don New York City Ballet.

## Manazarta
Seybourn Arthur Lynne

**Seybourn Arthur Lynne** (5 ga Yuli, 1877-?) lauya ne, ɗan majalisar dokoki na jiha, kuma alkali a Alabama. Ya yi aiki a Majalisar Dattawa ta Alabama da Majalisar Wakilai ta Alabama, ciki har da Kakakin Majalisar Wakilai ta Alabama . Alkali Seybourn H. Lynne yana ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yansa. 

An haife shi kusa da Somerville, Alabama . Ya halarci makarantar koyon aikin likitanci a Kwalejin Somerville da Morgan County . Ya koyar na tsawon shekara guda a wata makaranta kafin ya karanci fannin shari'a a Jami'ar Alabama. Ya kasance Baptist, Odd Fellow, kuma memba na Junior Order of United American Mechanics. 

Ya auri Annie Leigh Harris a shekarar 1906. Darakta ne kuma lauya a kamfanoni daban-daban.
George Wade (mai yin tukwane)

## Heading text
**Kanar Sir George Albert Wade** (19 ga Yuli 1891 - 27 ga Janairu 1986) ƙwararren mai kera tukwane ne ɗan ƙasar Ingila. An haife shi a Burslem ga dangin da ke gudanar da kasuwancin tukwane, an ba shi lambar yabo ta jarumi a shekarar 1955 saboda ayyukan siyasa da na jama'a. 

Wade ɗalibi ne a Makarantar Sakandare ta Newcastle, wadda aka haɗa ta da Makarantar ƙarƙashin Lyme ta Newcastle, kuma ya tafi yana ɗan shekara 15 don yin aiki a masana'antar tukwane ta iyalin.  Ya kasance soja tsakanin 1914 da 1919 a Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, da farko a matsayin mai zaman kansa tare da Rundunar North Staffordshire, sannan kuma a matsayin Laftanar tare da Rundunar South Staffordshire a cikin Rundunar Machine Gun Corps, kuma ya yi aiki a Faransa da Masar .  Ya auri Florrie Johnson a 1915. 

Wade ya zama shugaban kasuwancin tukwane na iyalin, Wade Ceramics Ltd, wani kamfanin kera tukwane da kayan ƙasa, wanda babban masana'antarsa tana cikin Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent. [1] A cikin shekarun 1950, Wade Ceramics ya ƙirƙiri kuma ya ƙera "Whimsies", ƙananan siffofi masu araha na dabbobi masu ƙarfi, waɗanda suka shahara kuma ana iya tattara su a Burtaniya da Amurka. [1]

## Manazarta
Reginald Fairfax Wells

**Reginald Fairfax Wells** (1877 - 29 Yuni 1951) ƙwararren mai sassaka ne na Ingila, mai tukwane, mai tukwane, mai tsara jiragen sama, mai ƙera jiragen sama, kuma mai zane.

An haifi Reginald Wells a matsayin ɗan ƙasar Birtaniya a shekarar 1877 a Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; a lokacin mahaifinsa James William Wells (1847–1902) ɗan ƙasar Birtaniya ne mai binciken yankin Amazon na Brazil. Bayan ya yi karatun sassaka a Makarantar Fasaha ta South Kensington da kuma kayan yumbu a Camberwell, Reginald Wells ya auri Clarissa Rawlings a Landan a shekarar 1899, sannan ma'auratan suka ƙaura zuwa gundumar Kent, kusa da Wrotham . Wells ya kafa Coldrum Pottery a Kent kuma a shekarar 1909 ya ƙaura da kasuwancin zuwa Chelsea, London . 

Kasuwancin tukwane na Wells ya yi nasara, amma a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya ya fara Kamfanin Wells Aviation tare da tukwanensa a Chelsea, sannan ya fara wani kamfanin samar da jiragen sama na ƙasa kusa da Chichester . Ya tsara kuma ya gina Wells Reo, wani jirgin sama mai kujeru biyu. Duk da haka, kamfanin sufurin jiragen sama ya durƙushe a shekarar 1917 kuma aka sayar da shi ga Waring & Gillow . [1] Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya ya mayar da kasuwancin tukwanensa zuwa King's Road, ya maye gurbin alamar Coldrum® da Soon®, sannan ya canza sunan kamfanin zuwa Kamfanin Tukwane na London. [2] A shekarar 1923 ya mayar da kasuwancin tukwane zuwa Storrington. [1]

A shekarun 1920, Wells ya tsara kwafi na gidajen busassun bishiyoyi na ƙarni na 17. Kasuwancinsa ya gina, a Kent da Sussex,  kusan gidaje 200, waɗanda aka yi niyya don hutun ƙarshen mako ga masu fasaha ko kuma masu hippies waɗanda ke son su ɗan fuskanci rayuwa ta ƙauye a wasu lokutan. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, Wells ya koma yin sassan jiragen sama. 

## Manazarta
Frank Vining

**Frank Wilfred Vining** (29 ga Fabrairu 1924 - 27 ga Oktoba 1989) malami ne mai tasiri a fannin tukwane wanda ya kafa kuma, tsawon shekaru sama da talatin, ya jagoranci kwas ɗin tukwane a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Cardiff . 

An haifi Vining a ƙauyen Aberfan na kudancin Wales, a cikin wani gida da daga baya ya lalace a cikin babban bala'in shekarar 1966. Ya fara karatun zane-zane da zane-zane a Makarantar Fasaha ta Cardiff a ƙarƙashin Ceri Richards, wanda shine Shugaban Zane a can daga 1940 zuwa 1944, amma daga baya ya koma aikin tukwane. [1] Ya shiga ma'aikatan Kwalejin Fasaha ta Cardiff a 1950 kuma ya koyar a can har zuwa lokacin da ya yi ritaya a 1982 a lokacin da kwas ɗin tukwane ya zama sananne kuma ana girmama shi sosai a Burtaniya da ƙasashen waje, tare da kafa kyaututtukan digiri na farko da na biyu. [2] Ya zauna a Cardiff daga 1954 inda ya kafa ƙaramin tukwane na studio a ƙarshen shekarun 1950, yana samar da tasoshin dutse na zamani da siffofi waɗanda ya nuna sosai a lokacin 1961-1968. [3] [4] An nuna tukwanen tukwanensa a cikin tarin Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa na Cardiff, Jami'ar Aberystwyth [5] [6] [7] da kuma Tarin Zane da Sana'o'i na Camberwell/ILEA, kuma an zana su a cikin Hamer. [8]

## Manazarta
An-Nasir Ali bin Salah

**An-Nasir Ali bin Salah** (ya mutu a shekara ta 1329) ya kasance mai da'awar jihar Zaidi a Yemen, yana aiki a cikin kishiya tare da wasu masu karya a cikin 1328-1329.

Ali bin Salah bin Ibrahim jikan imam al-Mahdi Ibrahim ne wanda ya mutu a Rasulidi a 1284 .  Lokacin da Imam al-Mahdi Muhammad bin al-Mutahhar ya mutu a shekara ta 1328, wani yanayi mai rikitarwa ya tashi a yankunan Zaidiyyah. Ali bin Salah ya gabatar da da'wa (kira ga imamate) a As Sunta, yana ɗaukar sunan *laqab* an-Nasir . Duk da haka, nan da nan wasu masu da'awar uku suka yi adawa da shi. Yaƙi tsakanin masu fafatawa ya biyo baya, kuma rayuka sun ɓace. Bayan shekara guda, an-Nasir Ali bin Salah ya mutu kuma an binne shi a As Suda .  Wanda ya yi nasara a gwagwarmayar mulki shi ne al-Mu'ayyad Yahya (d. 1346). 

## Dubi kuma

* Imamai na Yemen
* Rassids
* Tarihin Yemen

## Manazarta
Imdad al-Fatawa

***Imdad al-Fatawa*** (Urdu), wanda aka fi sani da *Fatawa Ashrafia*, tarin fatwas ne a cikin Hanafi fiqh wanda Ashraf Ali Thanwi, masanin daga Indiya ya tattara wanda ya magance sabbin batutuwa da ƙalubale. Littafin ya gyara kuma ya shirya shi ta hanyar magajinsa kuma almajirinsa, Muhammad Shafi, kuma ya ƙunshi batutuwa daga tsarkakewa da addu'a zuwa batutuwan da suka shafi fassarar Alkur'ani, Hadisi, Sufism, da tauhidin. Littafin na shida ya ƙunshi batutuwa daban-daban kamar aure, kisan aure, gado, ayyukan da aka haramta da kuma halatta, da sauransu.

## Tarihi
A kwanakin farko, littafin ya kunshi kundin huɗu, amma daga baya an kara ƙarin kundin ta hanyar shirya da buga sassan littafin.

## Abun ciki
Volume 1 na littafin ya haɗa da Littafin Tsarkakewa, Littafin Addu'a, Littafin Karatuwa da Karatu, da Littafin Adda'ar jana'iza. Volume 2 ya rufe Littafin Zakat da sadaka, Littafin Azumi da Keɓewa, Littafin Ihram da Rites na Hajji, Littafin Aure, Littafin haramtacce, Littafin Abokai da Masu Tsaro, Littafin Kisan aure, Littafin Hukunce-hukunce da Ramuwa, Littacin Bangaskiya, Littafin Kyauta, Littafin Alkawari, Littafin Dokoki, da Masallatai. Volume 3 ya rufe Littafin Tallace-tallace, Littafin Amfani, Littafin Kulawa, Littafin Allah, Littafin Zagi, Littafin Shari'a, Littafin Hukunce-hukunce, Littacin Matsakaici, Littafin Jinƙai, Littafin Sarraba, Littafin Haɗin gwiwa da Rarraba, Littattafan Aikin Gona, Littafin Laifuka, Littafin Alkawari, Littafin Godiya, Littafin Sulhu, da Littafin Lalace-Loka. Volume 4 ya rufe Littafin haramtacciya da izini, wanda ke ba da cikakkun bayanai game da abin da ya dace, wanda ba a yarda da shi ba, wanda ba za a iya yarda da shi, kuma abin sha, da koyarwa da ilmantarwa, ƙazanta da tsarkakewa, halal da haram abinci da abin sha, dokoki game da kyauta da gayyata, tufafi, zinariya, azurfa, jan ƙarfe, da kuma batutuwa da suka shafi aure da lalata. Volume 5 ya rufe fassarar Alkur'ani, Hadith, Suluk (Sufism), Ruya, Bidat, imani, da tauhidin. A ƙarshe, Volume 6 ya rufe batutuwa daban-daban kamar su harshe da shakku, muhawara tare da ƙungiyoyin ƙarya, sabon falsafar, Karamat, batutuwa masu mahimmanci, da sauransu.

## Dubi kuma

* Deobandi fiqh

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

*  a Intanet ArchiveTarihin Intanet
Dionysis Hatzidakis

**Dionysis Hatzidakis** shi ne magajin garin Palaio Faliro, ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan hukumomi a yankin Athens mafi girma, Girka . 

An haife shi a Chania a tsibirin Karita . Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Kwalejin Sojan Ruwa ta Hellenic a shekarar 1965, ya shafe shekaru 27 a cikin Sojan Rukunin Girka, yana jagorantar jiragen yaki guda uku. Daga 1991 zuwa 1994 ya yi aiki a matsayin Naval Attaché na Girka a Paris inda ya shiga cikin sake tattaunawar sayen Mirage 2000, shirye-shiryen UNFICYP da tattaunawar kafa Makamai masu linzami na Exocet a Cyprus.

Shekaru tara daga 1994 ya kasance babban darektan ofishin siyasa na tsohon Firayim Minista Konstantinos Mitsotakis . A shekara ta 1998 ya tsaya a matsayin dan takarar magajin gari na Palaio Faliro, amma Dimitris Kapsanis ya ci shi, ya zo na biyu a zagaye na biyu tare da kashi 47.7% na kuri'un.[1]

A cikin zaɓen birni na 2002 ya kori magajin gari mai ci Kapsanis a zagaye na farko kuma an zabe shi a zagaye ya biyu tare da 53.6%, a kan shugaban ƙungiyar da ake kira "New Force for Faliro".

An sake zabarsa a 2006, 2010 da 2014. A shekara ta 2014 an zabe shi a zagaye na farko tare da kashi 65.8% na kuri'un.

An zabe shi a majalisar dokokin Hellenic a Zaben majalisar dokokin Girka na Yuni 2023 daga Athens B3 daga New Democracy . 

## Manazarta
Peter Voulkos

**Peter Voulkos** (an haife shi **Panagiotis Harry Voulkos** ; 29 ga Janairu 1924 &#x2013; 16 ga Fabrairu 2002) wani mai fasaha ne ɗan asalin Girkawa. An san shi da sassaka-sassaka na yumbu mai kama da zane -zane,  wanda ya ratsa bambancin gargajiya tsakanin sana'o'in yumbu da fasaha mai kyau . Ya kafa sashen yumbu a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Gundumar Los Angeles da kuma a UC Berkeley. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Peter Voulkos na uku cikin 'ya'ya biyar ga iyayensa 'yan gudun hijira ' yan Girka, Aristovoulos I. Voulkopoulos, an rubuta shi da ɗan gajeren suna Harry (Aris) John Voulkos da Effrosine (Efrosine) Peter Voulalas.  

Bayan kammala karatunsa na sakandare, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai koyon gyaran jirgin ruwa a wani kamfanin hakar ma'adinai a Portland. A shekarar 1943, an tura Peter Voulkos cikin rundunar sojojin Amurka a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, yana aiki a matsayin mai harba jiragen sama a Tekun Pacific.  

### Ƙwarewar sana'ar yumbu
Voulkos ya yi karatun zane da bugu a Kwalejin Jihar Montana, da ke Bozeman (yanzu Jami'ar Jihar Montana ), inda aka gabatar da shi ga sana'ar tukwane [1] ( Frances Senska, wanda ya kafa shirin fasahar tukwane, shine malaminsa). [2] [3] Tukwane ya zama abin sha'awa da sauri. Fam 25 na yumbu da makarantar ta yarda da shi a zangon karatu bai isa ba, don haka ya sami damar gano tushen yumbu mai inganci daga tayoyin manyan motocin da ke tsayawa kusa da gidan cin abinci inda yake aiki na ɗan lokaci. [1]

Ya sami digirinsa na MFA a fannin tukwane daga Kwalejin Fasaha da Sana'o'i ta California, da ke Oakland. Bayan haka, ya koma Bozeman, ya fara aikinsa a harkar tukwane tare da abokin karatunsa Rudy Autoo, yana samar da kayan cin abinci masu amfani. 

A shekarar 1951, Voulkos da Autoio sun zama masu fasaha na farko da ke zaune a Gidauniyar Archie Bray don Fasahar Ceramic, a Helena, Montana . Tun daga lokacin da yake matsayin Daraktan Zama (1951-1954) ne aka gano asalin aikinsa na girma, wanda daga baya ya yi fice a lokacin da yake aiki a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Otis da ke Los Angeles, California. 

## Manazarta
Emmanouil Antoniadis

**Emmanouil Antoniadis** (c. 1791-1863) ya kasance mai juyin juya hali a yakin neman 'yancin Girka, ɗan siyasa kuma ɗan Karita daga tsibirin tsibirin tsibiri .

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife shi a ƙauyen Halepa, kusa da Chania, a cikin kimanin shekara ta 1791. Ya sami ilimi mai yawa kuma ya iya magana da harsuna biyu na waje sosai (Faransanci da Italiyanci). A shekara ta 1814 ya tafi Istanbul don yin aiki a matsayin sakatare. A can ya zama memba na Filiki Eteria . Saboda ayyukan juyin juya hali, dole ne ya gudu daga Istanbul zuwa Odessa, wanda Turks suka farautar. Daga can, ta hanyar Vienna da Trieste, ya zo Peloponnese kafin barkewar Yakin Independence na Girka.

A cikin 1822, a tsibirin Krita, tare da Joseph Valest, ya fuskanci sojojin Turko-Masar na mutane 10,000 a waje da ƙauyen Malaksa, inda suka sami nasara mai mahimmanci. Lokacin da Ibrahim ya kafa a kan Peloponnese tare da sojojinsa na Turko-Masar, Emmanouil ya tara sojojin Krita kuma, a waje da ƙauyen Mili, kusa da Nafplio, ya doke su a yaƙi, ya sa su fada cikin birnin Tripoli.

Ya shiga a matsayin lauya na tsibirin Crete a duka majalisun kasa na biyu da na uku na Girka (na farko a 1823 da na biyu a 1827). Bayan yakin Malaksa a 1825, ya shiga majalisar dokokin Girka.

Ya kasance daya daga cikin 'yan jarida na farko a Girka kuma editan jaridar *Athena* (Αθηνά).

## Tushe

* Nikolaos Saripolos, "Λόγος επικήδειος GPς Εμμανουήλ Αντωνιάδην", 2 ga Agusta 1863
Aziz al-Hasan Ghouri

**Aziz al-Hasan Ghouri** (wanda aka fi sani da Aziz al- Hasan Majzoob ko Khwaja Aziz al-Lahasan;  12 Yuni 1884 - 17 Agusta 1944) masanin addinin Musulunci ne na Indiya, mawaƙi kuma marubucin tarihin Ashraf Ali Thanwi . Ya kasance tsohon jami'in Kwalejin Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental kuma almajirin Ashraf Ali Thanwi ne a Sufism . 

Ghouri ya rike lakabin Khan Sahib da Khan Bahadur . *Har Tamanna Dil Se Rukhsat Hogayi* an dauke shi daya daga cikin 100 mafi mashahuri Urdu couplets. Thanwi ya yaba da shi yana cewa idan yana da rupees dubu ɗari, zai ba Ghouri.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Aziz al-Hasan Ghouri a ranar 12 ga Yuni 1884 a Orai .  Ya sami BA da LLB daga Kwalejin Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental, yanzu Jami'ar Musulmi ta Aligarh. Ya kasance almajirin Ashraf Ali Thanwi . 

Ghouri ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin mai tarawa na tsawon shekaru 7[1] sannan ya shiga Sashen Ilimi. Ya kasance Mataimakin Sufeto na makarantun Islamiyya sannan ya zama Sufeto na makarantun Ingilishi a Lucknow, [1] United Provinces na Burtaniya ta Indiya kuma ya yi ritaya daga wannan matsayi kawai[2]. Gwamnatin Burtaniya ta Indiya ta karrama shi da lakabin Khan Sahib da Khan Bahadur.[3] Mawaƙi ne kuma ya rubuta a cikin ghazal, nazm, hamd da naat nau'in waƙar Urdu. Da farko ya yi amfani da "Hasan" sannan ya yi amfani da "Majzoob" a matsayin sunansa na waka. An buga tarin waqoqinsa na Kashkol-e-Majzoob a shekara ta 1950.[3] Junaid Jamshed ya fitar da wakarsa "Dars-e-Ibrat", "Jagah Ji Lagane Ki Dunya Nahi Hai" a cikin album dinsa na Jalwa-e-Janan. Ashraf Ali Thanwi ya yabawa ma'aurata guda daya daga cikin wakar Ghouri ta Har Tamanna Dil Se Rukhsat Hogayi kuma ya ce idan yana da kudi dubu dari zai baiwa Ghouri[3][4]. An dauki wannan ma'aurata a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun ma'auratan Urdu 100.[5]

Ghouri ya mutu a ranar 17 ga watan Agusta 1944.  A cewar John Mohammed Butt, "Babu wanda ya tsarkake rayuwar da manufa na Ashraf Ali Thanwi fiye da Majzub. Ba wai kawai ya rubuta kyawawan shayari game da lokacinsa tare da Thanwi ba, ya kuma ba da tabbacin cewa ruhun 'yanci zai iya bunƙasa a cikin yanayin da aka horar sosai da kuma mummunan yanayi na Thanwi khānqah. "

## Ayyukan wallafe-wallafen
Ayyukan wallafe-wallafen Ghouri sun haɗa da: 

* *Kashkol-e-Majzoob*
* *Ashrafus-Sawaneh*, tarihin Ashraf Ali Thanwi .  
* *Kalam-e-Majzoob*
* *PhooloN ki dali*
* *Sada-e-Majzoob*
* *Deewan-e-Majzoob*
* *Nafeer-e-Ghaib*

## Dubi kuma

* *Hakeemul Ummat*

## Manazarta
Antonis Balomenakis

Antonis Balomenakis (Girkanci; 18 ga Janairun 1954 - 3 ga Janairu 2020), ɗan siyasan Girka ne kuma lauya.[1]

An haife shi a ranar 18 ga Janairun 1954 a doka-linkid="36" href="./Chania" id="mwDw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Chania">Chania kuma ya yi karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Athens . Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Hellenic tsakanin zababben da aka zaba a Zaben 20 ga Satumba 2015,  wakiltar Mazabar Chania na SYRIZA, har zuwa 11 ga Yuli 2019. Ya mutu a ranar 3 ga watan Janairun 2020 yana da shekaru 65.

## Manazarta