Yawon Buɗe Ido a Afirka ta Kudu

Afirka ta Kudu wuri ne na yawon bude ido tare da masana'antar yawon buɗe ido da ke da kashi 2.34% na GDP  a cikin shekarar 2019 wanda ya biyo bayan raguwa sosai a cikin shekarar 2020 zuwa 0.81% na GDP  saboda rashin balaguron da cutar ta COVID-19 ta haifar. Hukumar da ke kula da harkokin yawon bude ido ta kasar Afirka ta Kudu ce ke da alhakin tallata Afirka ta Kudu ga duniya. A cewar Majalisar Balaguro da Yawon bude ido ta Duniya, masana'antar yawon buɗe ido ta ba da gudummawar ZAR biliyan 102 kai tsaye ga GDP na Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 2012, kuma tana tallafawa 10.3% na ayyukan yi a kasar.  Hukumar kasuwanci ta kasa ta gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu, tare da manufar inganta yawon buɗe ido a Afirka ta Kudu a gida da kuma duniya ana kiranta da yawon buɗe ido na Afirka ta Kudu. 

Afirka ta Kudu tana ba wa masu yawon buɗe ido na gida da na ƙasashen waje zaɓuɓɓuka iri-iri iri-iri, da sauransu kyawawan  yanayin yanayi da wuraren ajiyar wasa, al'adun al'adu iri-iri da ruwan inabi masu daraja. Wasu daga cikin shahararrun wuraren da ake zuwa sun haɗa da wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa da yawa, irin su filin shakatawa na Kruger National Park a arewacin ƙasar, bakin teku da rairayin bakin teku na lardunan KwaZulu-Natal da Western Cape, da manyan biranen kamar Cape Town, Johannesburg da Durban. 

Bisa kididdigar da Hukumar Kididdiga ta Afirka ta Kudu ta yi na baya-bayan nan game da yawon bude ido da na bakin haure, kusan matafiya miliyan 3,5 ne suka ratsa ta tashar jiragen ruwa na kasar a watan Agustan 2017.  Kasashe biyar na farko a ketare da suka fi yawan masu yawon bude ido zuwa Afirka ta Kudu su ne Amurka da Birtaniya da Jamus da Netherlands da Faransa. Yawancin 'yan yawon bude ido da ke isa Afirka ta Kudu daga wasu wurare a Afirka sun fito ne daga kasashen SADC. Zimbabwe ce ke kan gaba da kashi 31%, sai Lesotho da Mozambique da Eswatini da Botswana. Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta kasance kasa ta asali kusan kashi 30% na masu yawon bude ido da ke isa Afirka ta Kudu. 

## Abubuwa masu jan hankali

### Diversity da ecotourism

Afirka ta Kudu tana matsayi na goma sha tara daga cikin ƙasashe ashirin na duniya na megadivers  Afirka ta kudu gida ce ga rayuwar dabbobi iri-iri. Daga cikin manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa da aka samu a cikin daji na arewa sun hada da zakuna, damisa, cheetahs, farar rhinoceroses, blue wildebeest, kudus, impalas, hyenas, hippopotamuses da rakuman ruwa. Matsakaicin girman daji yana wanzuwa a arewa maso gabas, gami da dajin Kruger National Park, ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren ajiyar wasa a Afirka, da Sabi Sand Game Reserve. Kruger National Park, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1926, yana ɗaya daga cikin wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa da aka fi ziyarta a ƙasar, tare da jimlar 1 659 793 baƙi a cikin shekarar 2014/15.  Yankin kuma yana da kusan kashi 80 na yawan karkanda a duniya. Sakamakon takunkumin da aka yi na Covid-19 da ke hana yawon bude ido da zirga-zirga a yankin, kashe-kashen karkanda a Afirka ta Kudu ya ragu da kashi 53 cikin 100 a shekarar 2020. 

Har ila yau, ƙasar tana da wadata musamman a nau'ikan tsire-tsire, tare da nau'ikan halittu iri-iri da ake samu a duk faɗin ƙasar. Waɗannan sun haɗa da ciyayi na ciyayi a cikin Highveld, ƙaƙƙarfan Karoo a tsakiyar Afirka ta Kudu, da fynbos biome, wanda ya ƙunshi mafi yawan yanki da rayuwar shuka a yankin Cape floristic na Western Cape. Wannan ciyayi da ba kasafai ake kiyaye shi ba a matsayin wani ɓangare na National Park Mountain (wanda kuma ya haɗa da wurin shakatawa mai tsayin teburi), wanda shine wurin shakatawa na ƙasa da aka fi ziyarta a Afirka ta Kudu a cikin shekarar 2014/15, tare da jimlar 2 677 767 baƙi.  

#### Ecotourism

Ecotourism shine manufar tafiye-tafiye masu alhakin da balaguron balaguro zuwa wuraren da za a iya kariya kuma musamman masu rauni. Manufar ita ce haifar da ɗan ƙaramin tasiri mai lahani akan muhalli gwargwadon yiwuwa. Afirka ta Kudu ta yi amfani da yawon buɗe ido don dorewa da inganta dimbin halittunta, da kuma karfafa tattalin arzikinta. Yawon buɗe ido shine na huɗu mafi girma na samar da musayar kuɗaɗen waje a Afirka ta Kudu,  kuma yawon buɗe ido shine ra'ayin ƙarfafa baƙi yayin haɓakawa da tallafawa nau'ikan halittu na ƙasa. Afirka ta Kudu ta ƙunshi nau'o'in halittu masu yawa, don haka yawon buɗe ido wata hanya ce da ƙasar za ta ci moriyar namun daji ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba kuma ta hanyar doka sabanin ayyukan da ba bisa ka'ida ba kamar farauta da fataucin namun daji na duniya.

## Manazarta