Bala'in Tangiwai

**Bala'in Tangiwai** hatsarin jirgin kasa ne wanda ya faru da karfe 10:21 na yamma a ranar 24 ga watan Disamba 1953, lokacin da gadar jirgin kasa a kan Kogin Whangaehu ta rushe a ƙarƙashin jirgin fasinja mai sauri a Tangiwai, Arewacin tsibirin, New Zealand . Jirgin da motoci shida na farko sun shiga cikin kogi, inda suka kashe mutane 151. Kwamitin binciken da ya biyo baya ya gano cewa hadarin ya faru ne saboda gazawar madatsar ruwan tephra da ke riƙe da tafkin crater na Dutsen Ruapehu, wanda ya haifar da saurin laka (lahar) a cikin Kogin Whangaehu wanda ya lalata daya daga cikin tashar gada a Tangiwai mintuna kaɗan kafin jirgin ya isa gadar. Dutsen mai fitattun wuta a Dutsen Ruapehu ba ya fashewa a lokacin. Wannan bala'in ya kasance mafi munin hadarin jirgin kasa a New Zealand.&nbsp;

## Rushewar gadar

A ranar 24 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1953, jirgin kasa na 3 na yamma daga Wellington zuwa Auckland ya kunshi motar tururi Kw KA da ke dauke da motoci 11: biyar na aji na biyu, hudu na farko, motar tsaro da motar gidan waya. Tare da fasinjoji 285 da ma'aikata,  wani shaida ya bayyana jirgin - wakilin tashar a Tashar jirgin kasa ta Tangiwai - cewa ya wuce ta dama a kan lokaci a karfe 10:20 na yamma a kusan mil 40 a kowace awa (65 km / h).  Matsakaicin saurin da aka ƙayyade tsakanin Hīhītahi (a kudancin Tangiwai) da Ohakune (a arewa) a lokacin ya kasance mil 50 a kowace awa (80 km / h).  Babu wata shaida da aka gabatar wa kwamitin bincike game da duk wani lissafi da aka yi ko alamun saurin locomotive ko dai yayin da ya kusanci wurin da ya faru ko a lokacin da lamarin ya faru.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Da yake kusantar gadar a kan Kogin Whangaehu a Tangiwai, don mayar da martani ga mai wucewa Cyril Ellis tsaye a kan hanya kuma yana ɗaga fitilar ko kuma bayan ya ga yanayin gadar, direban Charles Parker ya rufe tururi kuma ya fara aikace-aikacen iska na gaggawa, yayin da mai kashe gobara, Lance Redman, ya rufe bawul ɗin samar da mai don wuta. Wadannan ayyukan za a iya ɗauka daga yanayin kulawar motar da aka lura bayan lamarin. Koyaya, waɗannan ayyukan ba za su iya dakatar da jirgin daga gudu a kan gadar ba, wanda ya rushe, ya aika da locomotive, mai mai mai da kuma motoci biyar na farko na aji na biyu a cikin kogin da ya ambaliya. Babban motar farko ta tashi a gefen gadar kafin a haɗuwa ta da sauran jirgin kuma ta sauka cikin kogi. Sauran motoci uku na farko na ƙarshe, motar mai gadi da motar gidan waya sun kasance a kan hanya.

Adadin mutanen da suka mutu 151 sun hada da Parker, Redman, fasinjoji 148 na aji na biyu da fasinja daya na aji na farko. Ba a taɓa samun gawarwaki ashirin ba kuma an ɗauka an ɗauke su kilomita  (75  zuwa kogi zuwa teku. Daga cikin wadanda suka mutu akwai Nerissa Love, budurwa ta dan wasan crick Bob Blair, wanda ke wasa a Wasan gwaji a Afirka ta Kudu a lokaci guda. A lokacin da ya fita ya buga bayan da ya rasa, Blair ya sami yabo a tsaye.

## Sakamakon haka

Bayan lamarin, Cyril Ellis ya sanar da mai tsaron jirgin, William Inglis, game da abin da ya faru. Su biyu sun shiga karusa ta shida - wanda har yanzu an daidaita shi da kyau a gefen gadar - a cikin ƙoƙari na ceton fasinjoji. Yayinda suke cikin karusar, ya fadi daga gadar kuma Ellis da Inglis, tare da taimakon fasinja John Holman, sun fashe taga kuma sun taimaka wa fasinjoji daga cikin karusar farko. Daga cikin mutane 24 da ke cikin motar, daya ne kawai ya mutu, yarinya mai shekaru 19 da ta makale a cikin kujerarta kuma ta nitse.

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan hadarin, ƙungiyoyin ceto sun tashi daga  8 km (5  gabashin Tangiwai. Wadannan sun hada da sojoji daga sansanin Sojojin Waiouru, masu aiki da rediyo daga tashar sadarwa ta Irirangi da ma'aikata daga sansanin Ma'aikatar Ayyuka ta Waiouru (MOW). Da tsakar dare, an kwantar da wadanda suka tsira na farko a asibitin sansanin Waiouru, kuma da karfe 4 na safe washegari - Kirsimeti da safe - an kai gawarwaki na farko zuwa wani wurin binne gawawwakin da aka yi a sansanin.&nbsp;

Firayim Minista Sidney Holland ya isa Tangiwai da sassafe a ranar Kirsimeti bayan saurin gudu daga Auckland. Ya tsara aikin ceto ta hanyar jirgin kasa, soja, 'yan sanda, MOW, manoma na gida da masu jana'izar. Yayinda Sojojin New Zealand suka jagoranci kokarin kusa da wurin hadarin, manoma na cikin gida sun dawo da gawawwakin da ke kan Kogin Whangaehu; a Fields Track, Mount View, Mangamahu, Kauangaroa, Ƙauyen Whangaehu da bakin kogin. An kai gawarwakin ta mota zuwa Wanganui sannan daga can ta jirgin kasa zuwa Waiouru, inda 'yan sanda da masu jana'izar suka gano su. Mutanen yankin sun dawo da gawawwakin 60 daga sashin Mangamāhū na kogi a cikin 'yan kwanaki masu zuwa, kodayake ba a taɓa dawo da gawawan 20 ba kuma ana zaton sun wanke zuwa teku.

Don ayyukansu, Ellis da Holman sun sami lambar yabo ta George a cikin kyaututtuka na jaruntaka na New Zealand na 1954. Inglis da matafiyi mai wucewa, Arthur Dewar Bell, dukansu sun sami lambar yabo ta Daular Burtaniya don ayyukan da suka ceci rayuka goma sha biyar. Sarauniya Elizabeth II da Duke na Edinburgh suna Ziyarar New Zealand a rangadin sarauta na farko lokacin da bala'in ya faru. Sarauniyar ta yi watsa shirye-shiryen Kirsimeti daga Auckland, ta kammala da saƙon tausayi ga mutanen New Zealand. Duke na Edinburgh ya halarci jana'izar jihar ga yawancin wadanda abin ya shafa.

## Binciken jama'a
An nada kwamitin bincike don bincika dalilin hadarin; wannan ya zauna a fili daga 26 ga Janairu har zuwa 2 ga Afrilu kuma ya ruwaito a ranar 23 ga Afrilu 1954. Ginin yana da matakai takwas da bakwai. Bayan hadarin, an lalata matakai huɗu kuma an cire matakai biyar. Kwamitin ya gano cewa lahar daga Dutsen Ruapehu ya cire tashar jirgi ta huɗu 'yan mintoci kaɗan kafin jirgin ya fara tsallaka gadar. Rahoton da suka biyo baya ya ce:"Matsayi na dangi na 44 ft. girder (span 3) da mota ta farko (A. 1907) sun nuna cewa an cire girder kafin wucewar mota ta farko. Saboda haka, wannan girder dole ne a cire shi ko dai kafin locomotive ya isa a kan span ko kuma a lokacin wucewar locomotive kuma mai laushi a kan span. Idan an cire wannan girder mai ƙarfi a lokacin da aka cire shi.Rahoton hukuma ya ce game da gaskiyar da aka gabatar da ita: "Yawancin shaidun da aka gabatar game da tsari na abubuwan da suka faru a lokacin da ya dace na lalacewar gadar da jirgin kasa da kuma yanayin da ke cikin gadar, gami da gadon kogin, ya dogara ne akan ƙaddamarwar da aka nemi Hukumar ta yi binciken gaskiya. Yana da alama ba za a iya gujewa ba cewa sake gina wasu abubuwan da yanayi da yanayi dole ne ya dogara da irin wannan tushe ... " Hukumar ta kuma ya dace don yin rikodin wannan aikin memba na Traffic No.

## Kyauta
 
Bayan bala'in, Ma'aikatar Jirgin Sama ta New Zealand ta shigar da tsarin gargadi na lahar a cikin kogi don faɗakar da kula da jirgin ƙasa ga manyan koguna. Tsarin gargadi na farko da aka girka a 1999 ya auna matakin kogi ta amfani da Radar kuma ya aika matakin zuwa Cibiyar Kula da Cibiyar sadarwa a Tashar jirgin kasa ta Wellington ta hanyar hanyar hanyar RF zuwa Waiouru sannan ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa zuwa Wellington. Idan kogin ya canza matakin, ana kunna ƙararrawa wanda ke faɗakar da ma'aikata game da gaskiyar. Idan matakin ya nuna babban haɗari, cibiyar kula da ta saita sigina a kowane bangare na gadar Tangiwai zuwa haɗari kuma ta gargadi jiragen kasa a yankin su kasance a bayyane ta rediyo. Tsarin yana da fasalin rashin lafiya wanda ke aika siginar kuskure ta atomatik zuwa cibiyar sarrafawa. A irin wannan halin, jiragen kasa a yankin an ƙuntata su zuwa  km / h (16  kuma an gaya musu su kula sosai a kan gadar Tangiwai. Tun daga shekara ta 2002, an kuma goyi bayan shi ta Eastern Ruapehu Lahar Alarm and Warning System (ERLAWS). 

Lahar mai girman kama da wanda ya fito daga 1953 ya faru a ranar 18 ga Maris 2007. Tsarin gargadi na farko ya yi aiki kamar yadda aka tsara, dakatar da jiragen kasa da masu motoci a Tangiwai kafin lahar ta fadi. Sabbin gadoji sun kai ga lahar, kuma jiragen kasa sun ci gaba da aiki bayan dubawa.

Don nuna godiya ga bala'in da kansa, da kuma tasirin da ya yi a wasan gwaji tsakanin New Zealand da Afirka ta Kudu, tun daga shekara ta 2024 kungiyoyin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na New Zealand da na Afirka ta Kudu suna wasa don Tangiwai Shield . 

### Wasanni

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 1993, jerin shirye-shiryen Heroes na gidan talabijin na New Zealand Communicado sun hada da wani labari da ke rufe Bala'in Tangiwai . 

Shirin 2002 The Truth About Tangiwai, wanda mai shirya fina-finai na New Zealand David Sims ya jagoranta, ya bincika abubuwan da suka faru game da bala'in.

A cikin 2011, Fim din talabijin game da bala'in ya yi ta Lippy Pictures don Talabijin na New Zealand . An kira shi Tangiwai: Labarin Ƙauna, ya biyo bayan bala'i da labarin soyayya tsakanin Blair da Ƙauna (wanda Ryan O'Kane da Rose McIver suka nuna bi da bi). An fara shi a TV One a ranar 14 ga watan Agusta 2011.  Wasan da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Auckland Jonny Brugh ya rubuta kuma ya yi, The Second Test, ya ba da labarin iri ɗaya daga hangen nesa na Blair, yana jaddada jajircewarsa na ci gaba da wasa bayan ya ji labarin bala'in.

## Manazarta