Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu

**Majalisar kasa** ita ce zaɓaɓɓen gidan majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu kai tsaye, dake Cape Town, Western Cape . Ya ƙunshi mambobi ɗari huɗu waɗanda ake zabar su duk bayan shekaru biyar ta hanyar amfani da tsarin wakilcin jerin sunayen jam’iyya inda ake zabar rabin ‘ya’yan jam’iyya daidai *gwargwado* daga jerin sunayen larduna tara, sauran rabin kuma daga jerin sunayen ƙasa domin a maido da daidaito.

Majalisar dai na karkashin jagorancin kakakin majalisar ne kuma mataimakin shugaban majalisar ya taimaka . Mai magana na yanzu kamar na 14 Yuni 2024 shine Thoko Didiza ( ANC ).  Mataimakiyar Kakakin ita ce Annelie Lotriet ( DA ) tun daga 14 Yuni 2024. 

An lalata zauren majalisar dokokin kasar a wata gobara a watan Janairun 2022 .  Yanzu haka dai ana gudanar da tarukan ‘yan majalisar dokokin kasar a tsohuwar gidan mai suna Good Hope Chamber da ke cikin harabar majalisar.   

## Rabawa
Ana ba da kujerun Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa ta hanyar amfani da tsarin wakilci mai ma'ana tare da rufaffiyar jeri . An fara keɓe kujeru bisa ga (bangar intiger na) keɓaɓɓen keɓe. Bayan haka, a mafi yawan kujeru biyar ana ware su ta hanyar amfani da mafi girma saura hanya (ta amfani da keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen Droop). Ana ba da ƙarin kujeru a tsakanin jam'iyyun da suka riga sun sami kujeru ta hanyar amfani da mafi girman matsakaicin hanya .

A baya dai masu kada kuri'a na da kuri'a daya a zaben 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar, amma tun bayan babban zaben kasar Afirka ta Kudu a shekara ta 2024, masu kada kuri'a sun kada kuri'u biyu. Ana kasafta kujeru a mazabu masu yawan wakilai goma ta jerin sunayen jam'iyya. Mazaba ɗaya ce ta ƙasa ko kuma ta 'ƙarasa' kuma wasu tara suna wakiltar kowace larduna tara . An kira jerin sunayen sunayen kasa da jerin yanki a zaben 2009. An yi amfani da 'Yanki' don kauce wa rudani da zabukan 'yan majalisar dokokin lardin da aka gudanar a lokaci guda. A baya ana kiran su 'National to National' da 'Lardi zuwa National'.

Daga cikin 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar 400, an sanya rabi daga jerin sunayen kasa, sauran rabin kuma za a zaba daga jerin sunayen yankuna. A kowane zabe, Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta (IEC) ce ke tantance adadin kujeru 200 na yanki ga kowace lardi ta yawan jama'a.

Jam'iyyun sun yanke shawara ko suna so su kafa jerin sunayen kasa da na yanki ko jerin yanki kawai. A zaben 2009, Democratic Alliance (DA) ta zaɓi kada ta yi amfani da jerin sunayen ƙasa. Kuri'un da aka kada a fadin kasar sun baiwa jam'iyyar DA damar samun kujeru 67, amma kuri'un lardunan sun kai kujeru 35 kacal. Yayin da a ka’ida za a fitar da sauran mambobi 32 daga cikin jerin sunayen jam’iyyar na kasa, a wannan yanayin an raba sauran kujerun a tsakanin sauran ‘yan takaran na yankin na DA. Wannan ya sa Majalisar ta kasance wakilai 168 da aka zaba a jerin sunayen kasa da kuma mambobi 232 da aka zaba a jerin sunayen yankuna.

## Tarihi
An fara zaben Majalisar Dokokin Kasar ne a zaben farko da aka yi a Afirka ta Kudu wanda ba na kabilanci ba a shekarar 1994 inda Jam’iyyar ANC ta lashe kujeru 252 daga cikin 400. Jam'iyyar National Party (NP), wadda ita ce jam'iyyar da ta gabata ta samu kujeru 82, yayin da Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) ta samu 43. A karkashin kundin tsarin mulkin rikon kwarya wannan sakamakon ya baiwa jam'iyyun NP da IFP damar shiga gwamnatin hadin kan kasa tare da jam'iyyar ANC, sannan ya baiwa jam'iyyun ANC da NP 'yancin nada kowane mataimakin shugaban kasa daya. Sauran jam'iyyun da suka wakilci a majalisar sun hada da Freedom Front (kujeru 9), Democratic Party (kujeru 7), Pan Africanist Congress (kujeru 5), da African Christian Democratic Party (kujeru 2).

A zaben shekarar 1999, jam'iyyar ANC ta lashe kujeru 266, wanda ya kai kashi biyu bisa uku na yawan kuri'un da ake bukata domin yin kwaskwarima ga kundin tsarin mulkin kasar. Jam'iyyar DP ta fadada wakilcinta inda ta zama ' yan adawa a hukumance da kujeru 38, yayin da IFP ta samu 34. Jam’iyyar NP wadda a yanzu ta koma New National Party (NNP), ta koma kujeru 28, ita kuma sabuwar jam’iyyar United Democratic Movement (UDM) ta samu 14. Kananan jam'iyyu takwas kuma sun sami kujeru a majalisar.

A zaben shekara ta 2004 jam'iyyar ANC ta samu kujeru 279, inda ta samu rinjayen kashi biyu bisa uku da kuma ikon sauya kundin tsarin mulkin kasar. Jam'iyyar DP ta zama jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance (DA) kuma ta ci gaba da zama 'yar adawa a hukumance da kujeru 50, yayin da IFP ta samu kujeru 28. Jam’iyyar NNP ta samu rauni sosai, inda ta samu kujeru 7 kacal; An wargaza jam’iyyar ne a shekara ta 2005 inda akasarin jam’iyyar suka koma ANC.

A zaben shekara ta 2009 jam'iyyar ANC ta rasa rinjayen kashi biyu bisa uku amma ta kasance jam'iyya mai rinjaye da kujeru 264. Jam’iyyar DA ta kara goyon bayanta zuwa kujeru 67, kuma sabuwar jam’iyyar Congress of People (COPE) wacce ta balle daga ANC ta samu kujeru 30. An rage IFP zuwa kujeru 18.

A zaben 2014 jam'iyyar ANC ta sake rasa kujeru, amma ta kasance jam'iyya mai rinjaye da kujeru 249. Jam’iyyar DA ta kara goyon bayanta zuwa kujeru 89, yayin da kungiyar ‘yan tawaye ta Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) ta samu kujeru 25. IFP ta kara raguwa zuwa kujeru 10 yayin da tasirin COPE ya ragu sosai, inda aka zabi 'yan majalisa uku kawai.

A zaben 2019 jam'iyyar ANC ta rasa kujeru masu yawa, amma ta ci gaba da zama jam'iyya mai rinjaye da kujeru 230. Jam'iyyar adawa ta DA a hukumance ta ki daga kujeru 89 zuwa kujeru 84. Hukumar ta EFF ta kara yawan kujeru zuwa kujeru 44. IFP ta yi nasarar kama raguwar tallafin da take samu tare da samun kujeru 14. The Freedom Front Plus (FF+) ya girma zuwa kujeru 10, samun kujeru 6. Wasu jam'iyyu tara sun sami kujeru.

A zaben shekara ta 2024 jam'iyyar ANC ta rasa rinjaye a karon farko tun bayan kawo karshen mulkin wariyar launin fata, inda ta samu kujeru 159 kawai cikin 400. Wannan dai na zuwa ne saboda kafuwar jam'iyyar MK da Jacob Zuma ya kafa, wadda ta samu kujeru 58. DA ya yi yaƙi da zaɓen tare da haɗin gwiwar wucin gadi da aka sani da Yarjejeniya ta Jam'iyyu da yawa . Bayan wani babban tsari na shawarwari tsakanin jam'iyyun da ke goyon bayan "bayani na niyya", babban haɗin gwiwa, wanda ake kira da gwamnatin hadin kan kasa (GNU), jam'iyyu goma sha ɗaya ne suka kafa,  wanda ke da babban rinjaye tare da kujeru 288.  A ranar 30 ga Yuni 2024 shugaban ya ba da sanarwar kammala GNU, tare da raba jam'iyyun tara ministoci ko mataimakan ministoci a cikin majalisar ministocin . 

Tebu mai zuwa ya nuna yadda jam'iyyar ta kasance cikin majalisar dokokin kasar a kan lokaci:

## Sakamakon zabe
An gudanar da zaɓen ƙarshe na ƙarshe a ranar 29 ga Mayu 2024.

## Albashin ‘yan majalisar tarayya

### Ladan kuɗi na shekara-shekara
Ya zuwa shekarar 2024, ‘yan majalisar da suka fi samun kudin shiga su ne shugaban majalisar dokokin kasar da mataimakin shugaban kasar Afirka ta Kudu, wanda shi ne shugaban wakilan gwamnatin zartaswa a majalisar dokokin kasar. Kowannensu yana samun albashin shekara-shekara na R 3,164,654.   

Mambobi na biyu mafi girma a Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa su ne 'yan majalisa (MP) wadanda kuma ministoci ne. Suna samun albashin shekara-shekara na R2,689,937.

Mataimakin shugaban majalisa da mataimakan ministoci suna karbar albashin R2,215,220 na shekara. 

Manyan 'yan majalisar wakilai, kamar shugaban 'yan adawa da manyan masu rinjaye na jam'iyyar, suna samun albashin R1,792,595 a shekara. 

'Yan majalisar da ke shugabantar kwamitoci suna samun albashin shekara-shekara na R1,675,314. 

Shugabannin tsirarun jam’iyyu suna samun R1,507,841. 

'Yan majalisa na yau da kullun suna samun R1,274,536. 

* tafiye-tafiye na gida 88 a kowace shekara wanda zai iya zama ta iska, jirgin kasa, bas ko abin hawa.
* Tafiya zuwa kuma daga filayen jirgin saman Afirka ta Kudu.
* Yin kiliya a filayen jirgin saman Afirka ta Kudu.
* Transport na dogara.
* Kudin ƙaura.
* "Kayan ciniki", wanda ya haɗa da wayoyin hannu, kwamfutar hannu da kwamfyutoci.
* Kayan aiki, kayan daki da kayan rubutu na ofisoshin 'yan majalisa a cikin majalisar dokokin kasa.
* Inshorar haɗari na sirri.
* Wuri a ƙauyukan majalisa a Cape Town.
* Tafiya ta yau da kullun zuwa kuma daga ƙauyuka zuwa majalisa.

A cewar *Business Insider Afirka ta Kudu*, 'yan majalisar SA suna cikin babban kashi 1% na samun riba a cikin al'umma.  Dan majalisa mafi karanci yana samun albashin kusan R92,245 duk wata.   Wannan albashin ya zo ne yayin da matsakaicin Afirka ta Kudu ke samun albashin wata-wata kusan R21,432, tun daga watan Satumbar 2019  kuma mafi ƙarancin albashi ya kasance R20 kawai a kowace awa. 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu

## Bayanan kula

## Manazarta