Constance Markievicz

**Constance Georgine Markievicz** ( Polish    ; *née* **Gore-Booth** ; 4 ga Fabrairu 1868 - 15 ga Yuli 1927), wanda aka fi sani da **Countess Markievicz** da **Madame Markievicz**,  'yar siyasa ce mai ra'ayin juyin juya hali ta Irish, mai ra'ayin 'yan mazan jiya kuma mai ra'ayin gurguzu wacce ita ce mace ta farko da aka zaɓa a Majalisar Burtaniya . An haife ta a Landan, ta fito ne daga manyan masu mallakar filaye na Anglo-Irish Protestant, waɗanda ta yi watsi da su don neman 'yancin kai na Irish da gyaran zamantakewa. 

Ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar majalisa (MP) a Dublin St Patrick's daga 1918 zuwa 1922. A cikin Irish Free State, an zaɓe ta Ministar Labour a First Dáil, ta zama ministar majalisar ministoci mace ta biyu a Turai. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Teachta Dála a mazabar Dublin ta Kudu daga 1921 zuwa 1922 da 1923 zuwa 1927.

Ta kasance memba a cikin kafa Fianna Éireann, Cumann na mBan da Rundunar 'Yan Citizen ta Irish, ta shiga cikin tashin Ista a 1916, lokacin da 'yan Republican na Ireland suka yi ƙoƙarin kawo ƙarshen mulkin Birtaniya da kafa Jamhuriyar Ireland . An yanke mata hukuncin kisa amma an mayar da hukuncinta zuwa ɗaurin rai da rai [1] saboda jinsinta. A ranar 28 ga Disamba 1918, a babban zaɓen 1918, ita ce mace ta farko da aka zaɓa a Majalisar Wakilai ta Burtaniya, [2] duk da haka, tana cikin gidan yarin Holloway a lokacin kuma bisa ga manufofin jam'iyya, ba ta hau kujerarta ba. Madadin haka, ita da sauran 'yan majalisar Sinn Féin (a matsayin TDs ) sun kafa Dáil Éireann ta farko . Ita kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko a duniya da suka riƙe mukamin minista, a matsayin Ministar Labour, daga 1919 zuwa 1922. [lower-alpha 1]

Markievicz ta goyi bayan matakin kin amincewa da Yarjejeniya a Yaƙin Basasa na Ireland . Ta ci gaba a matsayin memba na Dáil (mai kin amincewa) na Sinn Féin har zuwa 1926 lokacin da ta zama memba na kafa Fianna Fáil . Ta mutu a 1927.

## Rayuwa ta farko

An haifi Constance Georgine Gore-Booth a Buckingham Gate da ke Landan a shekarar 1868, babbar 'yar mai binciken Arctic kuma mai kasada Sir Henry Gore-Booth, Baronet na 5, wani mai gidaje na Furotesta ɗan Ingila-Irish wanda ke kula da    estate, da Georgina, Lady Gore-Booth, *née* Hill. A lokacin yunwar 1879-1880, Sir Henry ya samar da abinci kyauta ga masu haya a gidansa a Lissadell House a arewacin County Sligo a arewa maso yammacin Ireland. Misalin mahaifinsu ya zaburar da Gore-Booth da ƙanwarta, Eva Gore-Booth, wani babban damuwa ga ma'aikata da talakawa. 'Yan'uwan mata abokan mawaƙi WB Yeats ne tun suna ƙanana, waɗanda suka saba ziyartar gidan iyali na Lissadell House, kuma ra'ayoyinsa na fasaha da siyasa sun rinjayi su. Yeats ya rubuta waƙa, " In Memory of Eva Gore-Booth and Con Markiewicz ", inda ya bayyana 'yan'uwan a matsayin "'yan mata biyu sanye da kimono na siliki, duka kyawawa, ɗaya kuma barewa ce," barewa ita ce Eva, wadda Yeats ya bayyana a matsayin "kyakkyawa mai kama da barewa".  Daga baya Eva ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar kwadago da kuma zaɓen mata a Burtaniya, kodayake da farko Constance ba ta yarda da ra'ayin 'yar uwarta ba.

Gore-Booth ta yi niyyar yin aikin fenti, abin da ya ɓata wa iyalinta rai; a shekarar 1892, ta je karatu a Makarantar Fasaha ta Slade da ke Landan,  inda ta zauna a Alexandra House for Art Pupils, Kensington Gore, wanda Sir Francis Cook, kakan Maud Gonne mai kuɗi ya kafa shekaru biyar da suka gabata. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka yi zamani a wurin ita ce Blanche Georgiana Vulliamy .  A wannan lokacin ne Gore-Booth ta fara shiga harkar siyasa kuma ta shiga Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙungiyoyin Suffrage na Mata (NUWSS). Daga baya ta ƙaura zuwa Paris ta yi rajista a Académie Julian mai suna inda ta haɗu da mijinta na gaba, Casimir Markievicz (Kazimierz Markiewicz) mai zane daga wani attajiri ɗan ƙasar Poland mai mallakar filaye a Ukraine ta yanzu (a lokacin tana ƙarƙashin mulkin Daular Rasha ). 

Mutanen Markieviczes (ko Markiewiczes) sun zauna a Dublin a shekarar 1903 kuma suka ƙaura a da'irar fasaha da adabi, inda Constance ta sami suna a matsayin mai zane-zanen shimfidar wuri.  A shekarar 1905, tare da masu fasaha Sarah Purser, Nathaniel Hone, Walter Osborne da John Butler Yeats, ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa Ƙungiyar Fasaha ta United, wadda aka yi ƙoƙarin haɗa duk waɗanda ke Dublin da sha'awar fasaha da adabi. Wannan ƙungiyar ta haɗa da manyan jarumai na Gaelic League wanda shugaban ƙasar Ireland na gaba, Douglas Hyde, ya kafa. Duk da cewa ƙungiyar ta damu ne kawai da kiyaye harshen Irish da al'adun Irish, ƙungiyar ta haɗa mutane da yawa masu kishin ƙasa da shugabannin siyasa na gaba. Sarah Purser, wacce 'yan'uwa mata matasa na Gore-Booth suka fara haɗuwa da ita a shekarar 1882, lokacin da aka ba ta aikin zana hotonsu, ta shirya wani salon salon yau da kullun inda masu fasaha, marubuta da masana a ɓangarorin biyu na rarrabuwar ƙasa suka taru. A gidan Purser, Markievicz ya haɗu da masu kishin ƙasa na juyin juya hali Michael Davitt, John O'Leary da Maud Gonne . A shekarar 1907, Markievicz ya yi hayar gida a ƙauyen da ke kusa da Dublin. Tsohon mai haya, mawaƙi Padraic Colum, ya bar kwafin *The Peasant* and *Sinn Féin* . Waɗannan mujallun juyin juya hali sun ƙarfafa 'yancin kai daga mulkin Birtaniya . Markievicz ya karanta su kuma aka tura shi aiki. 

## Manazarta