Faten Hamama

**Faten  Ahmed Hamama** (Arabic,&nbsp;[ˈfæːten ħæˈmæːmæ] i; 27 ga Mayu 1931 - 17 ga Janairu 2015) 'yar fim ce ta Masar da kuma 'yar fim din kuma Mai shirya fim. Ta fara fitowa a allo a 1939, lokacin da take da shekaru bakwai kawai. Matsayinta na farko ba su da yawa, amma aikinta da nasarar da ta samu a hankali sun taimaka wajen kafa ta a matsayin fitacciyar 'yar wasan Masar. Daga baya an girmama shi a matsayin gunkin Fim din Masar. A shekara ta 1996, tara daga cikin fina-finai da ta fito a ciki an haɗa su cikin fina-fiinai ɗari a tarihin fina-falla na Masar ta masu sukar fina-falansa na bikin fina-faran kasa da kasa na Alkahira. Ita ce matar farko ta Ezz El-Dine Zulficar .

Bayan shekaru bakwai daga yin wasan kwaikwayo, Hamama ya dawo a cikin 2000 a cikin abin da ake tsammani na talabijin, Wageh El Amar (وجه القمر, Face of the Moon). Hamama ya taimaka sosai wajen inganta masana'antar fina-finai a Misira da kuma jaddada muhimmancin mata a cikin fina-falla da al'ummar Masar. A shekara ta 2000, kungiyar Marubutan Masar da Masu sukar ta zaba ta a matsayin Star of the Century .

## Rayuwa ta farko da aiki
An haifi Faten Hamama a shekara ta 1931  ga dangin Masar na tsakiya a Mansoura, Misira (bisa ga takardar shaidar haihuwa), amma ta yi iƙirarin cewa an haife ta ne a yankin Abdin na Alkahira.  Tana da babban ɗan'uwa, Mounir, ƙaramar 'yar'uwa, Layla da ƙaramin ɗan'uwa mai suna Mazhar . Muradinta na yin wasan kwaikwayo ya tashi ne tun yana ƙarami. Lokacin da take 'yar shekara shida, mahaifinta ya kai ta gidan wasan kwaikwayo don ganin fim din Assia Dagher; lokacin da masu sauraro suka yi wa Assia ihu, sai ta gaya wa mahaifinta cewa tana jin suna yin mata ihu.

Lokacin da ta lashe gasar kyawawan yara a Misira, mahaifinta ya aika hotonta ga darektan Mohamed Karim wanda ke neman yarinya yarinya don taka rawar yarinya tare da sanannen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Masar da mawaƙa Mohamed Abdel Wahab a fim din *[[Happy Day (fim)|Youm Sai'd]]* (يوم سعيد, A Happy Day, 1939). Bayan sauraro, Abdel Wahab ta yanke shawarar cewa ita ce wacce yake nema. Bayan rawar da ta taka a fim din, mutane sun kira ta "Haikali na Shirley na Masar".   Darakta yana son wasan kwaikwayonta kuma ya burge ta sosai har ya sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da mahaifinta. Shekaru hudu bayan haka, Kareem ta zaba ta don wani rawar *Taron* da Abdel Wahab a cikin fim din *[[A Bullet in the Heart|Rossassa Fel Qalb]]* (, Bullet in the Heart, 1944) kuma a cikin wani fim shekaru biyu bayan haka, *Dunya* (دنیا, Universe, 1946). Bayan nasarar da ta samu, Hamama ta koma tare da iyayenta zuwa Alkahira kuma ta fara karatunta a Babban Cibiyar Ayyuka a 1946. 

## Ayyuka
Youssef Wahbi, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Masar kuma darektan, ya fahimci ƙwarewar yarinyar don haka ya ba ta rawar gani a fim din 1946 *[[The Angel of Mercy (fim)|Malak al-Rahma]]* (م拉克 الرحمه , *Mala'ika na Jinƙai*). Fim din ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai, kuma Hamama, wacce ke da shekaru 15 kawai a lokacin, ta zama sananniya saboda rawar da ta taka.

A shekara ta 1949, Hamama ya taka rawa a fina-finai uku tare da Wahbi: *[[Chair of Confession|Korsi el-e'traf]]* (كرسى الاعتراف, Chair of Confession), *[[The Two Orphans (fim, 1949)|Al-Yateematain]]* (اليتيمردی, The Two Orphans) da *[[Lady of the House|Sitt al-Bayt]]* (ست Hub, Lady of the House). Dukansu fina-finai ne masu cin nasara.Shekaru na 1950 sun kasance farkon zamanin zinariya na masana'antar fina-finai ta Masar, kuma Hamama ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A shekara ta 1950, ta fito tare da Mahmoud Zulfikar a cikin fim din fantasy; *[[Virtue for Sale|Akhlaq lil baye]]* (Cinfluk, Virtue for Sale, 1950). A shekara ta 1951, ta fito a fim din Lak Yawm Ya Zalem wanda aka zaba a bikin fina-finai na Cannes don kyautar Prix International . Ta kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Yousef Shaheen's *Baba Amin* (بابا أمين, *Amin, mahaifata*, 1950) da Sira Fi al-Wadi (صراع Talk الوادى , *Gwagwarmaya a cikin kwarin*, 1954) l, wanda ya kasance mai karfi a bikin fina-finai na Cannes na 1954 don kyautar Prix International. Hamama kuma an san shi da taka muhimmiyar rawa a fim din asiri na farko na Masar *[[House No. 13 (fim)|Al-Manzel Raqam 13]]* (المنزل رقم 13, House Number 13). A shekara ta 1959, ta fito a cikin Ezz El-Dine Zulficar's romantic classic, Bain Al Atlal (Angle, Among the Ruins) tare da ƙaunatacciyar ta 1950 Emad Hamdy da sabon mai tasowa na Masar Salah Zulfikar . 

A shekara ta 1963, ta sami lambar yabo saboda rawar da ta taka a fim din siyasa La *Waqt Lel Hob* (لا Industrial للحب, No Time for Love).  Hamama ta kuma sami damar zuwa Hollywood; a 1963 ta taka rawa a fim din aikata laifuka, *Alkahira* .  A shekara ta 1947, Hamama ta auri furodusa / darektan fim din Ezz El-Dine Zulficar yayin da yake yin fim din *[[Abu Zayd al-Hilali (fim)|Abu Zayd al-Hilali]]* (أبو زيدل الهالى). Sun fara kamfani na samarwa wanda ya samar da fim din Maw Chanin Ma Chanin al-Hayat (موعد مع الحياه , Date with Life) wanda ta fito. Wannan fim din ya ba ta taken "mace ta allon Larabci". Ta sake auren Zulficar a shekara ta 1954. Shekara guda bayan haka, ta auri tauraron fim na Masar Omar Sharif . A halin yanzu, Hamama ta ci gaba da yin fina-finai a fina-fakkaatan da mijinta na farko Zulficar ya jagoranta.

A shekara ta 1954, yayin da yake yin fim din Youssef Chahine, Struggle in the Valley, Hamama ya ki samun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Masar Shukry Sarhan a matsayin abokin aiki, kuma Chahine ya ba Omar Sharif rawar. Sharif ta kammala karatu daga kwaleji a lokacin kuma tana aiki ga mahaifinsa; ta karɓe shi a matsayin abokin aikinta. Auren Hamama da Sharif a 1955 ya fara sabon zamani na aikinta, inda ma'auratan suka yi fina-finai da yawa tare. Omar Sharif da Faten Hamama sun kasance shugabannin soyayya na *[[Our Beautiful Days|Ayyamna al-Holwa]]* (أضرنا الحلوه , Our Sweet Days), *[[Land of Peace|Ard al-Salam]]* (أرض السلام, Land of Peace), La *[[Sleepless (fim, 1957)|Anam]]* (لا أنام, Sleepless) da *[[Lady of the Palace|Sayyidat al-Qasr]]* (سيدة القصر, The Lady of the Palace). Fim din da suka yi na karshe tare kafin a sake su shi ne *[[The River of Love (film)|Nahr al-Hob]]* na Ezz El-Dine Zulficar a shekarar 1960.

### Rikici a ƙarshen shekarun 1960
Hamama ta bar Masar daga 1966 zuwa 1971, tana mai da'awar cewa hukumar leken asirin Masar tana damun ta. Ta kasance mai goyon bayan Juyin Juya Halin 1952, amma daga baya ta zama abokin adawar 'yan sanda masu zaman kansu da mulkin su na zalunci. Ta ce suna "tambayar da ita ta ba da hadin kai" amma ta nemi gafara kuma ta ki. A sakamakon haka, an hana ta yin tafiya ko shiga cikin bukukuwan fina-finai. Ta iya barin Masar ne kawai bayan rikice-rikice masu yawa, inda ta zauna a Paris, London da Lebanon.

Yayinda take tafiya, Shugaba Gamal Abdel Nasser ya nemi sanannun marubuta, 'yan jarida da abokai su yi ƙoƙari su shawo kanta ta koma Masar. Ya kira ta "dukiyar ƙasa"  har ma ya ba ta lambar yabo ta girmamawa a shekarar 1965. Koyaya, ba ta dawo ba sai 1971, bayan mutuwar Nasser. Bayan dawowarta ta taka rawar da ke isar da sakonnin dimokuradiyya. Fim dinta na farko bayan dawowarta Masar ya kasance tare da tauraron fim din Masar Salah Zulfikar a cikin gajeren fim din talabijin na 1971 mai suna Witch (ساحرة, *Sahira*), kuma a cikin wannan shekarar, ta fito a fim din 1971 Thin Thread (الخيط الرفيع, *Al Khait Al Rafie*). Sau da yawa tana sukar dokokin Masar a cikin fina-finai. A cikin fim din 1972 *[[Empire M|Imbratoriyat Meem]]* (إمبراطورية مانگ, The Empire of M), Hamama ya gabatar da ra'ayi na dimokuradiyya kuma ya sami lambar yabo daga Tarayyar Mata ta Soviet a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Moscow . Fim dinta mafi muhimmanci shi ne *[[I Want a Solution|Oridu Hallan]]* (أريد حلاً, Ina son mafita), wanda Salah Zulfikar ya samar ta hanyar kamfanin samar da shi; Salah Zulficar Films Company. A cikin wannan fim ɗin, ta soki dokokin da ke kula da aure da saki a Misira. Bayan fim din, Gwamnatin Masar ta soke dokar da ta hana mata saki mazajensu, saboda haka ta ba da izinin khul'.

Yayinda Hamama ta tsufa, rawar da take takawa ta ragu kuma ta yi fina-finai kaɗan idan aka kwatanta da farkon aikinta, amma duk da haka fina-fakkawarta sun ci nasara. Ta fara fitowa a talabijin a cikin aikinta na ƙarshe. Ta fito a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na *Damir Ablah Hekmat*.

Bayan 1993, aikinta ya tsaya. Ba har zuwa shekara ta 2000 ba ne ta dawo a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin masu cin nasara *Wajh p.*'i-Qamar wanda aka watsa shi a tashoshin talabijin 23 a Gabas ta Tsakiya. A cikin wannan ƙaramin jerin, Hamama ya nuna kuma ya soki matsaloli da yawa a cikin al'ummar Masar da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Duk da wasu zargi, ƙaramin jerin ya sami yabo da yabo sosai. An ba Hamama lambar yabo ta Mafi kyawun Actor na TV na Masar na Shekara kuma ƙaramin jerin sun lashe kyautar Mafi kyawun TV Series a bikin Rediyo da Talabijin na Masar. Ta shiga tarihi a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi girma a cikin ministocin talabijin na Masar har zuwa shekara ta 2006, lokacin da aka biya wata 'yar wasan kwaikwayon.

Kafin shekarun 1950, Hamama tana da matsayi na farko a fina-finai 30, inda sau da yawa ta taka rawar yarinya mai rauni, mai tausayi, matalauci. Bayan shekarun 1950, Hamama tana neman ainihin asalinta kuma tana ƙoƙarin kafa kanta a matsayin mutum na musamman. A wannan lokacin, zaɓin kayan da rawar da ta yi ya ɗan iyakance. Koyaya, masu shirya fina-finai nan da nan sun yi amfani da shahararta tare da masu sauraro a kasuwannin gida da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Ta fara wasa da mata masu karfi, kamar a *Sira' Fi Al-Wadi* (صراع فى الوادى , *[[The Blazing Sun (fim na 1954)|Gwagwarmaya a cikin kwarin]]*, 1954) inda ta nuna 'yar wani mutum mai arziki wanda, akasin ra'ayi, mace ce mai gaskiya wacce ta taimaka da tallafa wa matalauta. A cikin 1952 Mahmoud Zulfikar ta samar da *[[Miss Fatimah|Miss Fatmah]]* (الأستاذه فاطمه), Hamama ta fito a matsayin dalibi na shari'a wanda ya yi imanin cewa mata suna da muhimmanci kamar maza a cikin al'umma.

A cikin *Imbratoriyat Meem* (امبراطورية مانگ, The Empire M), ta taka rawar gwauruwa wacce ke kula da babban iyalinta kuma tana fama da wahala. Fim din da ya fi tasiri shi ne *Oridu Hallan* (أريد حلا, Ina son mafita) wanda ya soki dokokin aure da saki a Misira. Dokar da ta haramta Khul' (خلع) - kisan aure da matar ta fara - an soke shi nan da nan bayan haka.

## Hotunan da aka zaɓa

### Fim din

### Talabijin

## Dubi kuma

* Bahiga Hafez
* Fatima Rushdi
* Nadia Lutfi
* Jerin Masarawa
* Fim din Masar na shekarun 1950
* Fim din Masar na shekarun 1960

## Manazarta