Marcia Freedman

Marcia Judith Freedman (Ibraniyawa; née Prince; Mayu 17, 1938 - Satumba 21, 2021) ta kasance 'yar gwagwarmayar Amurka-Isra'ila a madadin zaman lafiya, haƙƙin mata, da haƙƙin ɗan luwaɗi. A shekara ta 1969, ta yi hijira zuwa Isra'ila inda ta taimaka wajen kafawa da jagorantar ƙungiyar mata a cikin shekarun 1970s. Ta kasance memba na Knesset daga 1974 zuwa 1977.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife shi a cikin iyalin Yahudawa a Newark, New Jersey, a ranar 17 ga MA, 1938, Freedman ya sami BA daga Kwalejin Bennington da MA daga Jami'ar New York. Ta kasance mai aiki a cikin Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama ta Amurka tsakanin 1960 da 1967. A shekara ta 1969 ta yi hijira zuwa Isra'ila, kuma nan da nan ta shiga cikin gwagwarmaya da siyasa. Ta zama sananniya daga sha'awarta ta canza dokokin zubar da ciki da kuma wayar da kan jama'a game da yunkurin kare hakkin bil'adama.

A shekara ta 1973, ƙungiyar mata ta yanke shawarar tallafawa Shulamit Aloni's Ratz (Movement of Civil Rights), kuma an ba Freedman matsayi na uku a kan Ratz. Ta kama hankalin Shulamit Aloni bisa ga sha'awarta, sadaukarwa, da kuma sha'awar motsi. Aloni ya nemi Freedman ya zama kujerar ta uku a jam'iyyar. Jam'iyyar ta lashe kujeru uku a Zaben majalisar dokokin Isra'ila na 1973, kuma Freedman ya zama memba na Knesset . Ratz nan da nan ya haɗu da Ya'ad - Civil Rights Movement, amma Freedman da Aryeh Eliav sun rabu don kafa Social-Democratic Faction (daga baya aka sake masa suna Independent Socialist Faction). Freedman ya yi aiki a cikin Knesset daga 1974 zuwa 1977. Ta zama mai karfi mai ba da shawara ga ƙungiyoyin 'yancin Gay saboda ta fito a matsayin lesbian ga 'yarta kuma 'yarta ta fara warewa daga gare ta.

Kafin Zaben 1977 Freedman ta kafa Jam'iyyar Mata,  kodayake ba ta tsaya a matsayin dan takara ba. Jam'iyyar ta kasa tsallake matakin zabe na 1% duk da cewa ta yi nasara wajen jawo hankalin goyon bayan jama'a ga batutuwan mata. Yayinda yake memba na Knesset, Freedman ya yi magana a kan batutuwan mata kuma ya kawo hankalin jama'a ga batutuwan da ba a taɓa tattauna su a bainar jama'a ba a Isra'ila, gami da tashin hankali na gida, ciwon nono, fyade, jima'i, da karuwanci na matasa. Bugu da kari, Freedman ya kara shiga cikin tattaunawar zaman lafiya tare da Palasdinawa. Koyaya, a cikin hira da ta yi a cikin 2015 tare da Tarihin Zaman Lafiya na Yahudawa na Amurka, ta bayyana cewa "an ja ta cikin abin da zan kira batutuwan manufofin kasashen waje saboda ni memba ne na Knesset, kuma hakan ya kasance gaba ɗaya ba zato ba tsammani kuma ba a tsara shi ba" (game da sa hannu da rikicin Palasdinawa).  Freedman ya kasance mai goyon bayan farko na kirkirar wata kasa mai zaman kanta ta Palasdinawa. Ta shiga cikin sadarwa tare da Kungiyar 'Yancin Palasdinawa kuma ta goyi bayan abin da yanzu ake kira mafita ta jihohi biyu.

Freedman ya taimaka wajen kirkirar cibiyar sadarwa da tallafi ga mata a Isra'ila. Ta kasance co-kafa, tare da Barbara Swersky da sauransu na mafaka ta farko ta Isra'ila don mata da aka yi wa duka, wanda aka kafa a 1977 a Haifa . Freedman ya bar Isra'ila kuma ya koma Amurka a 1981. Ta sake zama a Isra'ila daga 1997 zuwa 2002, kuma ta kafa Community of Learning Women, wanda ke ba da ilimi a cikin karatun mata da ilimin kwamfuta.

Freedman ta rubuta wata kasida mai taken "Feminist Publishing in Israel" don Jaridar Nazarin Mata a cikin 1980. Ta yi magana game da shagunan littattafai daban-daban da suka shafi littattafan mata a cikin Ibrananci da masu bugawa guda shida waɗanda ke ba da damar buga ayyukan mata. Ta kuma yi magana game da yadda aka rubuta littattafai kaɗan game da mata a cikin Ibrananci da kuma ƙarancin ƙoƙarin da ake yi don buga rubuce-rubucen mata.

Freedman ta rubuta wani labari mai taken, Exile in the Promised Land, kuma an sadaukar da ita ga mahaifinta. Ta bayyana a shafin keɓewa, "wanda na bi misalinsa sosai. " Ita ce kuma marubuciyar labarai da sake dubawa da yawa.

Freedman ita ce shugabar kafa Brit Tzedek v'Shalom,   wata kungiya mai goyon bayan Isra'ila da zaman lafiya wacce ta haɗu da titin J a cikin 2010 .  Ta kuma kasance tsohon shugaban bikin fina-finai na Yahudawa na San Francisco .

Ta auri Bill Freedman a 1961 kuma auren ya ƙare a 1975; suna da 'yar daya. Freedman ya mutu a ranar 21 ga Satumba, 2021, yana da shekaru 83.   Ya zuwa 2021, ta kasance mace ce kawai da ta yi aiki a Knesset.

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin masu fafutukar zaman lafiya

## Manazarta

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## Haɗin waje
 

* Takardun Marcia Freedman da Robert D. Farber University Archives da Special Collections suka gudanar a Jami'ar Brandeis
* Nuni na dijital a kan takardun Marcia Freedman da Robert D. Farber University Archives da Special Collections suka gudanar a Jami'ar Brandeis
* Gidan yanar gizon Brit Tzedek v'Shalom
* Abin tunawa ga Marcia Freedman Sinai Memorial Chapel, San Francisco