Maryamu Ƙananan

Mary Fildes ita ce shugabar kungiyar gyara mata ta Manchester a shekara ta 1819, kuma ta taka rawa a babban taron gangamin da aka yi a Manchester a waccan shekarar da ta kare a kisan kiyashin na Peterloo . Ita ce kuma kakar mai zane Luke Fildes ta wurin danta James.

## Iyali
An haifi Mary Pritchard a Cork, Ireland, tsakanin 1789 zuwa 1792, ta fito daga dangin masu siyar da kayan abinci na Manchester. Abokan danginta da aka sani sun kasance Welsh maimakon Irish, don haka watakila iyayenta suna ziyartar Ireland ne kawai. [1] Ta auri William Fildes, mai yin reed, a ranar 18 ga Maris 1808 a Stockport, Ingila. Suna da ’ya’ya takwas: James (b. 1808; mahaifin Luka Fildes ), Samuel (b. 1809), George (b. 1810), Robert (b. 1815), Sarah (b. 1816), Thomas Paine (b. 1818), Henry Hunt (b. 1819), da John Cartwright (b. 182).

Maryamu ta sanya wa ƙananan 'ya'yanta suna bayan wasu fitattun 'yan siyasa na zamanin: John Cartwright, Thomas Paine da Henry Hunt .

## Kisan Kisa na Peterloo
A cikin 1819 a ranar 16 ga Agusta, babban taron jama'a maza da mata masu aiki sun taru a filin St. Peter, sannan a wajen Manchester. Wasu gungun mata masu neman sauyi a Manchester sun shiga tare da ayarin mai magana da yawun, Henry Hunt, Maryamu a gaban karusar suna daga tuta. Ta hau dandali ta tsaya a gaba da tutarta, tare da wasu mata masu fafutuka. Elizabeth Gaunt da Sarah Hargreaves suna zaune a cikin karusar Hunt a kusa.   Dan jaridar nan mai tsattsauran ra'ayi na Landan Richard Carlile, wanda ya halarci taron, ya bayyana ta a matsayin jaruma kuma ya ba ta babban matsayi a cikin buga littafinsa na 'To Henry Hunt Esquire'. 

Mahukuntan, saboda tsoron tashin hankali, sun yanke shawarar kama Hunt a kan dandamali kuma suka aika da goyon bayan soja. Manchester da Salford Yeomanry sun fara isowa, kuma da zarar an kama Hunt sai suka kai hari kan dandalin da wadanda ke kewaye da shi, suka kwace tare da lalata tutoci da tutoci tare da haifar da fargaba. Dakarun na yau da kullun da suka iso nan ba da dadewa ba sun dauki nauyin share fagen, wanda ya haifar da asarar rayuka; adadin wadanda suka mutu ya kai goma sha takwas sannan kusan dari bakwai suka samu munanan raunuka. (William Fildes dan shekaru biyu da aka kashe a wajen taron ba shi da wata alaka; Fildes sunan gida ne na kowa). Sauran mata masu neman sauyi da suka hada da Hargreaves da Gaunt, da alama sun yi kuskure da Fildes, an yi musu dukan tsiya, aka kama su, aka tsare su na tsawon kwanaki ba tare da tuhumar su ba. Ita kanta Fildes ta yi kasa a gwiwa da wani dan sanda na musamman wanda ya kwace tutarta, kuma da kyar ta tsallake rijiya da baya. Ta tsere ta kwanta na tsawon makwanni biyu, watakila danginta masu aminci ne suka fake da ita a yankin arewa. Da yawa daga baya ta san mawallafin marubucin Manchester Isabella Banks, wanda ya haɗa da ƙarin bayani a cikin littafinta na 1876 *The Man Man* : "Mrs. Fildes da aka rataye da ƙusa a kan dandamali na karusar ta kama farar rigarta. Wani jami'in sojan doki ne ya sare ta a jikin ta da aka fallasa ". 

Fildes ta ba da nata labarin a cikin wata takarda kai ga House of Commons a watan Mayu 1821.  

## Rayuwar siyasa daga baya
Mary Fildes mace ce mai kawo sauyi, amma ba zaɓe ba kamar yadda ake iƙirarin wani lokaci. Ba ta (a bainar jama'a, aƙalla) ta ba da shawarar ƙuri'a ga mata, amma kamar yawancin mata masu gyara na zamaninta, ta yi imanin cewa ya kamata mata su yi yaƙi tare da maza don jefa ƙuri'a ga dukan mazajen gida, wanda za a iya amfani da su don amfanin iyali gaba ɗaya. Lokacin da 'yan jam'iyyar Republican da masu bin addini na Richard Carlile suka rabu tare da mashahuriyar motsi ya jagoranci Henry Hunt a 1822, Fildes ya goyi bayan Hunt kuma, da ciwo, ya zargi Carlile da nuna tsoro a Peterloo.

A lokacin da shekara ta gaba mai son sake fasalin Landan Francis Place ya aika mata da kunshin farfagandar hana haihuwa don rarrabawa, inda ta yi kuskuren cewa ita ce ungozoma kanin mijinta, ta rubuta 'a matsayinta na mace, mata, kuma uwa' zuwa mujallu masu tsattsauran ra'ayi don yin Allah wadai da 'wannan muguwar takardar hannu'.  

Ta kasance mai kawo sauyi, tana magana a wani taro a Heywood, Lancashire, a cikin 1833 don ƙaddamar da reshe na Ƙungiyar Siyasa ta Mata,  da kuma ba da laccoci akan 'Yaki' a Chorlton kusa da Manchester a 1843,  dukansu sun yi tallace-tallace a cikin jaridu masu tsattsauran ra'ayi.

## Bayan shekaru, da kuma Luke Filds
Shekarun baya-bayan nan na Mary Fildes sun kasance cikin kwanciyar hankali. A shekara ta 1846, ta kasance gwauruwa da ke zaune a Glasgow, mai yiwuwa tare da dangin mijinta. A cikin 1849, ta gaji daga mahaifiyarta gidaje hudu a Chester, wani yanki na gundumar Welsh, inda ta ƙaura. Babu wata shaida da ta nuna cewa ta zama yar gidan mashaya, amma a wani lokaci an jera gidanta a matsayin rukunin ruhohi, wataƙila yana nuna cewa an yi hayar ɗakin cellar ga distiller.

A cikin 1854, ta yi tafiya zuwa Liverpool, gidan ɗanta James da matarsa ɗan Irish, kuma ta kawo jikanta Luke Fildes ɗan shekara goma sha ɗaya don ya zauna tare da ita a Chester. Ta sami damar biya shi don halartar azuzuwa a Warrington School of Art, ta kafa shi ya zama ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun masu zane-zane na Victorian Ingila. Ta mutu sakamakon cutar mashako a Manchester a ranar 3 ga Afrilu 1876. 

## Manazarta