Pat Barker

**Patricia Mary W. Barker**, CBE , FRSL, Hon FBA ( née **Drake** ; an haife ta a ranar 8 ga watan Mayu 1943) marubuci ya ce kuma marubuciyar Ingilishi. Ta sami lambobin yabo da yawa don almara, wanda ke kan jigogi na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, rauni, tsira da murmurewa. An san ta don farfadowarta na Trilogy, wanda aka buga a cikin 1990s, kuma, kwanan nan, jerin littattafan da aka saita a lokacin Yaƙin Trojan, farawa tare da *Silence na 'yan mata* a cikin 2018.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Patricia Mary W. Drake  a ranar 8 ga Mayu 1943  ga dangin aiki a cikin Thornaby-on-Tees a Arewacin Riding na Yorkshire, Ingila.  Mahaifiyarta Moyra ta rasu a shekara ta 2000; Ba a san asalin mahaifinta ba. A cewar *The Times*, Moyra ya yi juna biyu "bayan buguwar dare yayin da yake cikin Wrens ." A cikin wani yanayi na zamantakewa inda ake ɗaukar shege da kunya, ta gaya wa mutane cewa yaron da ya haifa 'yar'uwarta ce, maimakon 'yarta. Sun zauna tare da kakar Barker Alice da kakan kakan William, har mahaifiyarta ta yi aure kuma ta koma lokacin Barker yana da shekaru bakwai.  Barker na iya shiga mahaifiyarta, ta gaya wa *[[The Guardian]]* a shekara ta 2003, amma ta zaɓi ta zauna tare da kakarta "saboda ƙaunarta, kuma saboda ubana bai ji daɗi da ni ba, kuma ni a gare shi."Kakaninta sun gudanar da kantin kifi da guntu wanda ya gaza kuma dangin sun kasance, ta gaya wa *The Times* a cikin 2007, "talakawa kamar berayen coci; muna rayuwa akan Taimakon Kasa - 'a kan pancrack', kamar yadda kakata ta kira shi." 

A lokacin da yake da shekaru goma sha ɗaya, Barker ya sami matsayi a makarantar nahawu, yana halartar makarantar King James Grammar a Knaresborough da Grangefield Grammar School a Stockton-on-Tees. 

Barker, wacce ta ce ta kasance mai son karatu a koyaushe, ta yi karatun tarihin duniya a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London daga 1962-65.  Bayan ta kammala karatu a shekarar 1965, ta koma gida don ta shayar da kakarta, wadda ta rasu a shekarar 1971.

## Sana'a

### Aikin farko
Barker ya rubuta litattafai da yawa.  A tsakiyar shekarunta ashirin, Barker ya fara rubuta almara. Ba a taɓa buga litattafanta na farko guda uku ba kuma, ta gaya wa *[[The Guardian]]* a cikin 2003, "Ban cancanci zama ba: Na kasance marubuciyar marubuciyar mata mai hankali, wanda ba abin da nake ba. Akwai wani kasa da bawdiness a cikin muryata. ” 

Littafinta na farko da aka buga shine *Union Street* (1982), wanda ya ƙunshi labarai guda bakwai masu alaƙa game da mata masu aiki na Ingilishi waɗanda talauci da tashin hankali suka dabaibaye rayuwarsu.Shekaru goma, mawallafa sun ƙi wannan rubutun a matsayin "mai damuwa."  Barker ya sadu da marubuciya Angela Carter a wani taron bitar marubuta ta Arvon Foundation . Carter yana son littafin, yana gaya wa Barker "idan ba za su iya tausaya wa matan da kuke ƙirƙira ba, to, ku yi sa'ar lalatarsu," kuma ta ba da shawarar ta aika da rubutun ga mawallafin mata Virago, wanda ya yarda da shi.  *New Stateman* ya yaba da littafin a matsayin "babban darasi mai aiki da ya daɗe,"  da *The New York Times Book Review* yayi sharhi Barker "yana ba da ma'anar marubuci wanda ke da iko mai girma wanda da kyar ta taɓa taɓa rubuta labari na farko na farko."  Daga baya an daidaita *Union Street* azaman fim ɗin Hollywood *Stanley &amp;amp; Iris* (1990), tare da Robert De Niro da Jane Fonda . Barker ta ce fim din bai yi kama da littafinta ba. Tun daga 2003, littafin ya kasance ɗayan manyan masu siyar da Virago.

Littattafan farko na Barker guda uku da aka buga - *Union Street* (1982), *Blow Your House Down* (1984) da *Liza's Ingila* (1986; wanda aka fara bugawa a matsayin *'Yar Century* ) - ya nuna rayuwar mata masu aiki a Yorkshire . Mujallar *BookForum* ta bayyana su a matsayin "cike da ji, tashin hankali da rashin tausayi, amma ba masu amfani ba ne ko kuma masu ban sha'awa kuma ba safai ba."  *Blow Your House Down* yana nuna karuwai da ke zaune a Arewacin Ingila, waɗanda wani mai kisan gilla ya kama su.  *Liza ta Ingila*, wanda jaridar *Sunday Times* ta bayyana a matsayin "babban zane na zamani," yana bin rayuwar wata mace mai aiki da aka haifa a farkon karni na 20.

### Sabunta Trilogy
Bayan buga littafin *Liza's Ingila*, Barker ya ji cewa "ya shiga cikin akwati inda aka buga ni da karfi a matsayin yanki na arewa, yanki, ma'aikata, mata - lakabi, lakabi, lakabi - marubucin marubuci. Ba wani al'amari ba ne mai yawa na ƙin yarda da lakabin, amma kuna zuwa wani wuri inda mutane ke karanta lakabin maimakon littafin. Kuma na ji cewa 9"  Ta ce ta gaji da masu bita suna tambayar "'amma uh, za ta iya yin maza?' - kamar dai wannan wani nau'in Everest ne. " 

Saboda haka, ta mai da hankalinta ga yakin duniya na farko, wanda ta kasance tana son yin rubutu akai saboda abubuwan da suka faru a lokacin yakin. Bayonet ya ji masa rauni ya tafi da tabo, ba zai yi magana game da yakin ba.  An yi mata wahayi don rubuta abin da aka sani yanzu da ake kira Regeneration Trilogy - *Regeneration* (1991), *The Eye in the Door* (1993), da *The Ghost Road* (1995) - jerin litattafai waɗanda ke bincika tarihin yakin duniya na farko ta hanyar mayar da hankali kan sakamakon rauni. Littattafan tarihi ne da almara da ba a saba gani ba, kuma Barker ya zana da yawa a kan rubuce-rubucen mawaƙa na Yaƙin Duniya na farko da WHR Rivers, likitan soja wanda ya yi aiki tare da sojoji masu rauni . Babban haruffa sun dogara ne akan masu tarihin tarihi, irin su Robert Graves, Alice da Hettie Roper (sunan suna ga Alice Wheeldon da 'yarta Hettie) ban da Billy Preor, wanda Barker ya ƙirƙira don daidaitawa da bambanci da mawaƙan soja na Birtaniya Wilfred Owen da Siegfried Sassoon . A matsayin babban halayen almara, Billy Prior yana cikin duka littattafai guda uku. 

"Ina tsammanin dukkanin psyche na Burtaniya suna fama da sabani da kuke gani a Sassoon da Wilfred Owen, inda yakin ya kasance mai muni kuma ba za a sake maimaita shi ba kuma a lokaci guda abubuwan da aka samu daga gare ta suna ba da daraja mai yawa, "Barker ya gaya wa *The Guardian.* " "Babu wanda ke kallon fina-finan yaki kamar yadda Birtaniya ke yi." 

Barker ya gaya wa ɗan jarida mai zaman kansa Wera Reusch "Ina tsammanin akwai abubuwa da yawa da za a ce don rubuta game da tarihi, saboda wani lokaci za ku iya magance matsalolin zamani ta hanyar da mutane suka fi budewa saboda an gabatar da su a cikin wannan rigar da ba a sani ba, ba su san abin da suke tunani game da shi kai tsaye ba, yayin da idan kuna rubutu game da wani al'amari na zamani a kan hanci, wani lokacin duk abin da kuke tunani ba zai iya kunna shi ba. bayan gida zuwa yanzu wanda yake da matukar amfani." 

*The Regeneration Trilogy* ya sami karbuwa sosai daga masu suka, tare da Peter Kemp na *Sunday Times* yana kwatanta shi a matsayin "mai hazaka, mai tsanani da dabara",  da kuma *Mawallafa Mako-mako* suna cewa "nasara ce ta hasashe a lokaci guda na waka da aiki."  *[[New York Times|The New York Times]]* an kwatanta trilogy a matsayin "tsananin tunani game da mugayen yaƙe-yaƙe da abin da ya biyo baya."  Mawallafin marubuci Jonathan Coe ya kwatanta shi a matsayin "ɗayan daga cikin ƴan ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun almara na Biritaniya na ƙarshen ƙarni na 20."  Mawallafi na Birtaniya da kuma mai sukar, Rosemary Dinnage na nazari a cikin *New York Review of Books* ya bayyana cewa "ya sami wurin da ya dace a cikin wallafe-wallafen"  wanda ya haifar da sake fitowar ta na karni na farko na yakin duniya na farko. A cikin 1995 littafi na ƙarshe a cikin trilogy, *The Ghost Road*, ya sami lambar yabo ta Booker-McConnell .

## Mahimman ƙima
An siffanta aikin Barker a matsayin kai tsaye, baƙar magana da fa'ida.  

A cikin 2012, The Observer mai suna Regeneration Trilogy a matsayin daya daga cikin 10 mafi kyawun litattafan tarihi.

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa
A cikin 1983, Barker ya lashe kyautar Fawcett Society don almara don *Union Street* . A cikin 1993 ta sami lambar yabo ta almara mai gadi don *ido a cikin ƙofar*, kuma a cikin 1995 ta sami lambar yabo ta Booker don *The Ghost Road* . A cikin Mayu 1997, Barker ya sami digiri na girmamawa ta Jami'ar Bude .  A shekara ta 2000, an nada ta a matsayin Kwamanda na Order of the British Empire (CBE). 

A cikin nazarin littafinta *na Toby's Room*, *[[The Guardian]]* ya bayyana game da rubuce-rubucen ta, "Ba za ku je wurinta don harshe mai kyau ba, kuna zuwa gare ta don gaskiyar gaskiya, labarun tuki da ido mai tsabta, da ci gaba da fuskantar tarihin duniyarmu". 

*The Independent* ta rubuta game da ita, "ba kawai kyakkyawar marubucin yaƙe-yaƙe ba ce amma yanayin ɗan adam". 

A cikin 2019, Barker ya kasance cikin jerin sunayen da aka zaba don Kyautar Mata ta Fiction don *Shiru na 'Yan Mata* .  A cikin bitar su game da littafin, *The Times* ya rubuta, "Ciwon kai, mai ƙarfi, mai ƙarfin zuciya . . . Ƙarfafawa a kan *Iliad* . A cikin kwanan nan da aka kashe na sake rubutawa na manyan tatsuniyoyi da litattafan Girkanci, Barker's ya fito ne don ƙarfinsa na manufa da tausayi na duniya ".  *[[The Guardian]]* ya bayyana cewa, "Wannan littafi ne mai mahimmanci, mai karfi, wanda ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba wanda ke gayyatar mu mu kalli daban ba kawai ga *The Iliad* ba har ma da namu hanyoyin ba da labari game da baya da na yanzu, da kuma yadda fushi da ƙiyayya ke faruwa a cikin al'ummominmu." 

A cikin Yuli 2024, an zaɓi Barker a matsayin ɗan'uwan girmamawa na Kwalejin Burtaniya .

## Rayuwa ta sirri
A cikin 1969, an gabatar da ita, a cikin mashaya, ga David Barker, farfesa na dabbobi da likitan dabbobi 20 shekarunta, wanda ya bar aurensa ya zauna tare da ita. Sun haifi ‘ya’ya biyu tare, kuma sun yi aure a shekarar 1978, bayan rabuwar shi. Diyarsu Anna Barker Ralph marubuciya ce. Barker ya rasu lokacin da mijinta ya rasu a watan Janairun 2009.

## Jerin ayyuka

* *Titin Union* (1982)
* *Rushe Gidanku* (1984)
* *<nowiki/>'Yar Ƙarni* (kuma aka sani da *Liza's Ingila* ; 1986)
* *Mutumin da Ba a can* (1988)
* Trilogy na farfadowa :
** *Sabuntawa* (1991)
** *Ido a cikin Door* (1993)
** *Hanyar Ghost* (1995)
* *Wani Duniya* (1998)
* *Ketare iyaka* (2001)
* *Biyu Vision* (2003)
* *Matsayin Rayuwa* (2007)
* *Dakin Toby* (2012)
* *[[Noonday (novel)|La'asar]]* (2015)
* Trojan Wars jerin:
** *Shiru 'Yan Mata* (2018)
** *[[The Women of Troy (novel)|Matan Troy]]* (2021)
** *[[The Voyage Home (Pat Barker novel)|Gidan Voyage]]* (2024)

## Manazarta