'Yancin 'yan jarida a Djibouti

Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar bai ambaci **‘yancin ‘yan jarida musamman a Djibouti** ba. Duk da haka, Mataki na 15 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Djibouti ya ambaci 'yancin mutum don bayyana ra'ayinsa"... ta hanyar kalma, alƙalami, ko hoto..." kuma ya lura cewa "waɗannan haƙƙoƙin na iya iyakancewa ta hanyar takaddun shaida a cikin doka da girmama mutuncin wasu." 

Duk da haka, aikin jarida a Djibouti yana da iyaka sosai ga gwamnati kuma dukkanin gidajen talabijin da rediyo na kasar suna karkashin ikon gwamnati.

Kasar tana da jaridar kasa guda daya mai suna *[[La Nation de Djibouti]]*,  wacce ake bugawa kullum. Har ila yau, mallakar gwamnati ne tare da kamfanin dillancin labaran kasar daya tilo , L'Agence Djiboutienne d'Information.  Wata jarida mai goyon bayan 'yan adawa, *Le Renouveau*,  ta daina aiki a cikin shekarar 2007 bayan buga labarin da ke zargin surukin Shugaba Ismaïl Omar Guelleh (tsohon gwamnan babban bankin Djibouti, Djama Haid) da karbar cin hanci. 

Har ila yau, akwai littattafai da yawa na mako-mako ko na wata-wata da jam’iyyun adawa ke buga su, kodayake galibi ra’ayi ne da kuma bayanan siyasa maimakon labarai na gaskiya. Misali daya shine *L'Aurore* ; An kafa ta a shekarar 2015 kuma tana da tasiri sosai daga USN, babbar ƙungiyar adawa a Djibouti. 

Akwai gidan rediyo guda ɗaya mai zaman kansa wanda ke ba da rahoton labaran da ba a tantance ba: La Voix de Djibouti.  Tashar tana watsa shirye-shiryen cikin harsunan Faransanci da Larabci, kuma ƴan ƙasashen waje na Djibouti ne suka kafa ta a cikin shekarar 2010. Kodayake tashar tana watsa shirye-shiryen daga Belgium (duka kan layi da kuma kan rediyon AM  ), ma'aikatanta suna ƙarƙashin dokokin aikin jarida na Djibouti yayin da suke Djibouti.

## Zaben shugaban kasa na 2011
Zaben shugaban kasa na shekara ta 2011, wanda shugaba mai ci Guelleh ya lashe kashi 80% na kuri'un da aka kada, ya kasance da wasu matsaloli na 'yancin 'yan jarida.

Mafi shahara shi ne batun 'yan jarida biyu na La Voix de Djibouti, Farah Abadid Heldid da Houssein Robleh Dabar.  Da farko dai an kama Heldid da Dabar ba tare da takardar sammaci ba a watan Fabrairun wannan shekarar, kuma an shafe watanni hudu ana gudanar da zaben shugaban kasa. 

A wani lokaci a lokacin da yake tsare, Heldid ya fuskanci tambayoyi da azabtarwa daga hukumar leken asirin Djibouti, wanda aka sani da SRD.  An saki 'yan jaridar ne a ranar 23 ga watan Yuni, amma SRD ta sake kama su a cikin wannan shekarar saboda "karfafa zanga-zangar da ba ta dace ba da kuma zagin shugaban kasa."

A cewar kungiyar ‘yan jarida ta Reporters Without Borders (RSF), ‘yan jaridan biyu sun fuskanci azabtarwa tare da yi musu tambayoyi (har sai an sake su ranar 24 ga watan Nuwamba) daga hannun Sajan Manjo Abdourahman Omar Said, wanda kuma shi ne ke da alhakin kisan ta hanyar azabtar da wani dan kasar Djibouti mai suna Dirir Ibrahim Bouraleh a farkon shekarar.  Duk da haka, yayin da RSF ta ba da rahoton sau da yawa kan irin wannan cin zarafi da ake yi wa 'yan jarida na Djibouti, Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Djibouti ta ziyarci Heldid a lokacin daya daga cikin hukuncin daurin da aka yanke masa a shekara ta 2011 kuma ba ta sami wata shaida ta azabtarwa ba. 

## Cin zarafin 'yan jarida, 2012-2015
Ko da yake akasarin tashe-tashen hankula a Djibouti na faruwa ne a lokacin zabukan shugaban kasa, wasu al'amuran 'yancin 'yan jarida sun faru a cikin shekaru tsakanin. A watan Mayun shekarar 2015 an kama wani editan gidan yanar gizon La Voix de Djibouti yayin da yake birnin Djibouti, babban birnin kasar. An dai daure editan Maydaneh Abdallah Okieh ne a gidan yari saboda ya ki bin umarnin kotu dangane da kamun da aka yi masa a baya kan “bauta wa dan sanda suna”. Okieh ya kuma bayar da rahoton cewa ana azabtar da shi tare da kin kula da lafiyarsa yayin da yake cikin gidan yari.  Wani dan jarida daga La Voix, Mohamed Ibrahim Waiss, 'yan sanda sun kama shi tare da yi masa dukan tsiya a lokacin da yake bayar da labarin wani gangamin jam'iyyar adawa a watan Agustan 2014. 

## Zaben shugaban kasa na 2016
A watan Janairun shekarar 2016, watanni hudu gabanin zaben shugaban kasa, jami'an tsaron Djibouti sun tsare wasu 'yan jarida biyu 'yan kasar Djibouti tare da tsare su ba tare da tuhuma ba. 

An tsare Mohamed Ibrahim Waïss na La Voix de Djibouti daga ranar 11 zuwa 17 ga watan Janairu kuma ana tsare da shi a gidan yarin Gabode na Djibouti, inda aka ce an yi masa rashin adalci, a cewar kungiyar Reporters Without Borders.  Masu yi masa tambayoyi sun tilasta masa sanya hannu kan wata sanarwa da kuma mayar da kalmar sirrin sa zuwa shafinsa na Facebook domin jami’an tsaro su yi amfani da shi wajen yin rubuce-rubucen da ke zagin ‘yan adawar kasar, a cewar kungiyar ‘yan jarida da ke da cibiya a Faransa. An gurfanar da shi a gaban kotu kuma aka sake shi ranar 17 ga watan Janairu bayan da gwamnati ta gaza tuhumar sa da wani laifi. Wannan dai shi ne karo na hudu da ake tsare da Waïss cikin shekaru biyar.

An kama Kadar Abdi Ibrahim na L'Aurore na daban. An tsare Ibrahim daga ranar 14-16 ga watan Janairu bayan jaridar ta buga hoton wata yarinya mai shekaru 7  da aka kashe bayan da ‘yan sanda suka bude wuta kan ‘yan adawa a garin Buldhuquo, inda suka kashe mutane 27. 

'Yan jaridar kasashen waje suna da 'yanci fiye da 'yan jarida na cikin gida, amma har yanzu suna fuskantar takunkumi daga gwamnati. A ranar 1 ga watan Afrilu, shekarar 2016, an kori 'yan jarida daga gidan rediyon Burtaniya daga kasar gabanin zaben kasar Djibouti da za a yi a ranar 8 ga watan Afrilu. Ba a bai wa BBC da kwamitin kare 'yan jarida bayanin dalilin da ya sa aka tilasta wa tawagar 'yan jarida da furodusoshi. 

Shugaban kasar mai ci Guelle ne ya lashe zaben, lamarin da ya haifar da wa'adin mulki na hudu a jere. Jam'iyyun adawa a Djibouti sun ba da rahoton rashin jin dadin yadda zaben ya kasance "uncompetitive" , yayin da majalisar Turai ta nuna matukar damuwa game da adalcin zaben, yana mai cewa "sun nuna rashin jin dadi kan yadda aka gudanar da zaben shugaban kasa na 8 ga watan Afrilu 2016." 

## Suka a waje
Al'ummar duniya gabaɗaya sun yarda cewa Djibouti na da ƙayyadaddun yanayin kafofin watsa labarai. Kungiyar Reporters Sans Frontières ta sanya Djibouti a matsayi na 172 cikin 180 a cikin alkaluman 'Yancin 'Yan Jarida,  yayin da Freedom House mai zaman kanta ta bayyana Djibouti a matsayin "Ba 'Yanci ba". 

Gabaɗaya gwamnatocin ƙasashen yamma sun kauracewa babbar suka ga al'amuran 'yancin 'yan jarida na Djibouti. Wannan yana yiwuwa saboda ƙimar dabarunsa: Djibouti tana da kusanci da ƙasashe marasa kwanciyar hankali kamar Somalia, Eritrea da Yemen. Har ila yau, gida ne sansanin sojan Faransa, kuma sansanin sojan Amurka daya tilo na dindindin a Afirka. A watan Maris din shekarar 2016, kasar Sin ta ce za ta kafa sansanin soji na dindindin a ketare na farko a kasar Djibouti.  &#x5D;

A shekara ta 2012 ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka mai kula da dimokuradiyya, kare hakkin dan adam da kwadago ta fitar da wani rahoto wanda ya yi nuni da mugunyar da Djibouti ta yi wa 'yan jarida a matsayin "matsalar kare hakkin bil'adama mafi muni" da kasar ta fuskanta. Musamman ma, ta yi ishara da yadda gwamnatin Guelleh ke "kuskura, cin zarafi, da kuma tsare masu sukar gwamnati, hana jama'a samun hanyoyin samun bayanai masu zaman kansu, da kuma takaita 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da taro." 

## Manazarta