open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Fannin Range

**Fannin Range** wani karamin dutse ne a cikin Pacific Ranges na Coast Mountains na British Columbia, Kanada . Yana kwance tsakanin Burrard Inlet)">Kogin Seymour da Kogin Indian Arm, kewayon ya shimfiɗa daga gangaren Dutsen Seymour a kan Burrard Inlet zuwa gundumar Arewacin Vancouver fiye da  (21  arewa zuwa asalin Kogin Indiya. An sanya masa suna ne bayan masanin halitta John Fannin  An dauke shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na Dutsen Arewacin Kogin . 

## Wasanni
Yankin kudancin kewayon yana da mashahuri sosai don nishaɗin waje saboda kusanci da Vancouver. A lokacin rani, yawo, keken dutse, yin biki, da kuma sansani a baya sune shahararrun ayyuka. A cikin hunturu, yankin ya shahara don dusar ƙanƙara, da kuma saukowa, ƙetare ƙasa, da tseren kankara. Ya ƙunshi wuraren shakatawa da yawa ciki har da:

* Gidan shakatawa na lardin Mount Seymour
* Say Nuth Khaw Yum (Indian Arm) Gidan shakatawa na lardin
* Ƙananan Tsaro na Seymour
* Gidan shakatawa na yankin Thwaytes

Yankin arewacin kewayon yana da ƙananan hanyoyi da hanyoyi masu iya shiga jama'a kuma yawanci Masu hawan dutse ne kawai ke yawan zuwa. Rashin ruwa na yammacin yana da iyaka ga jama'a saboda kasancewa a cikin Kogin Seymour.

## Duwatsu
Yankin Fannin ya ƙunshi fitattun tsaunuka kamar Dutsen Seymour (1,449 m (4,754 ft)), Dutsen Bishop (1,509 m (4,951 ft)) da Dutsen Elsay (1,419 m (4,656 ft)) waɗanda ke da hanyar samun dama daga Dutsen Seymour Park Conservation ko Lower Seymour.  Kodayake Dutsen Bishop ana tsammanin shine mafi tsayi kololuwa a cikin Fannin Range, Dutsen Jukes mai nisa kuma wanda ba'a iya isa gare shi (1,574 m (5,164 ft)) a arewacin layin ya fi tsayi 65 m (213 ft).

## Hotuna

Fayil:Runner_Peak_and_Mount_Elsay.jpg|Runner Peak and Mount Elsay in the Fannin Range
Nina Kusturica

**Nina Kusturica** 'yar asalin Bosnia ce, Editan fim kuma Mai shirya fim.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Kiɗa da Ayyuka, Vienna don zama darektan fina-finai da edita kuma ta sami digiri tare da fim din *Auswege*, wanda ya fara fitowa a bikin fina-fakka na duniya na Berlin a cikin Taron Kasa da Kasa na Sabon Cinema .  Har ila yau, ta buɗe Diagonal - Bikin Fim na Austrian - a cikin 2003. A cikin wannan shekarar, Nina Kusturica da Eva Testor sun kafa Kamfanin samarwa da Mobilefilm a Vienna.

shekara ta 2009, shirin Nina Kusturica na Little Alien ya fara - kuma a Diagonal. Shirin game da kananan 'yan gudun hijira marasa matuka sun kuma tafi yawon shakatawa don isa ga ɗaliban Austrian da ɗalibai tare da ra'ayi na musamman wanda ya kunshi tsinkaye na fim ɗin sannan tattaunawa tare da darektan da / ko masu gabatarwa. A shekara ta 2010, Nina Kusturica ta sami lambar yabo ta fitaccen mai zane a cikin rukunin 'Tattaunawa ta Al'adu' ta Ma'aikatar Ilimi, Fasaha da Al'adu ta Tarayya saboda jajircewarta ta musamman .

Kusturic yana da hannu a cikin shirin 'yan ƙasar Austriya Machen wir uns STARK wanda ke buƙatar canji a cikin siyasa na yanzu, musamman game da haɗin kai da ilimi.

## Hotunan fina-finai

* 1998 *Ich bin der neue Star*, shirin fim, minti 15, darektan, rubutun
* 1999 Wishes, gajeren fim, 20 min., darektan, rubutun
* 2000 Draga Ljiljana - Dear Ljiliana, shirin, 31 min., darektan, rubutun
* 2001 *Der Freiheit*, gajeren fim, 14 min., darektan, rubutun
* 2003 *Auswege*, fim mai ban sha'awa, minti 90, darektan, rubutun
* 2004 24 Realities per Second, wani shirin fim game da Michael Haneke, 58 min., darektan, gyara, samarwa
* 2009 Little Alien, shirin, minti 94, darektan, rubutun, gyara

* 1997 *Magana da Sauƙi*, gajeren fim, gyara
* 1999 Lesen macht tot, fim mai ban sha'awa, gyarawa
* 2002 da kuma sakewa, takardun shaida, gyara
* 2005 *Kotsch*, fim mai ban sha'awa, gyarawa
* 2007 *Auf dem Strich - Paul Flora a cikin Fim* din fim, samarwa
* 2007 Vienna's Lost Daughters, fasalin takaddun shaida, samarwa, gyara

## Kyaututtuka

* 2006 Diagonale, Mafi kyawun Fim tare da Bernhard Schmid don *Kotsch*
* Kyautar fitaccen mai zane ta 2010,  rukuni: tattaunawa tsakanin al'adu, na Ma'aikatar Ilimi, Fasaha da Al'adu ta Tarayya, 2010
* 2010 Bayani na Bayani - matsayi na 2, Gyara - matsayi na 1 don Little Alien, International Filmfestival Los Angeles, 2010
Claudia Mahler

**Claudia Mahler (an haife ta a shekara ta 1969) masanin kimiyya ce ta Austriya wacce ta zama Masanin Kasuwanci na biyu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'yancin bil'adama na tsofaffi a Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkinobho .   Dokta Mahler ta ɗauki matsayinta na Masanin Mai Zaman Kanta a watan Mayu 2020. Har ila yau, babbar mai bincike ce a fannin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu na [[German Institute for Human Rights|Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Jamus]] (DIMR) tun 2010. Ta kuma kasance farfesa mai ziyara a Alice Salomon Hochschule a cikin 2020-2021.**il..

## Ayyuka
Mahler ta kammala digirin digirin ta a shekarar 2000. A wannan shekarar, an nada ta Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Tyrol da Vorarlberg kuma daga baya ta zama mai ba da shawara ga OHCHR a Geneva kuma ta koyar da dokar kare hakkin dan adam ta tashi zuwa matsayin farfesa mai ziyara a Jami'ar Alice Salomon ta Kimiyya ta Berlin .  Daga 2001 zuwa 2009, Mahler ya gudanar da bincike a Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Jami'ar Potsdam kuma ya kasance babban mai bincike a Ciungiyar Kare Hakkin dan Adam ta Jamus daga 2010.  An nada ta a matsayin gwani mai zaman kanta ga Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a watan Mayu 2020.  Ta gaji Rosa Kornfeld-Matte na Chile wanda shine mutum na farko da ya ba da wannan rawar daga shekara ta 2014.  A cikin 2024, Mahler yana takara don zaben Mai ba da shawara na Turai.

## Manazarta
Rashin canji

kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, an sokewa shine ko ana iya keta haƙƙin a wasu yanayi. Haƙƙi wanda ba za a iya soke shi ba shine wanda ba a ba da izini ga keta doka a kowane yanayi, gabaɗaya haƙƙin rayuwa da **'canji** daga azabtarwa, rashin mutunci, ko rashin kulawa.

## manazarta
Jorginho (ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, an haife shi a 1924)

**Jorge Ceciliano** (an haife shi a ranar 30 ga Mayu shekarar ta 1924), wanda aka fi sani da **Jorginho**, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Brazil . 

## Ayyuka
Ya wakilci tawagar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta kasar Brazil a wasanni uku a shekara ta 1945 kuma ya kasance daga cikin tawagar kasar Brazil da ta kammala a matsayin masu cin gaba a gasar zakarun Kudancin Amurka ta a shekara ta 1945.

## Mutuwa
Jorginho is deceased, though the exact date and place of his death are unknown.&#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Ute Bock

**Ute Bock** (27 June 1942 – 19 January 2018) was an Austrian educator who was known for her projects helping asylum seekers.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Bock a Linz . Bayan kammala karatun sakandare, ta nemi aiki a karamar hukumar Vienna kuma za ta iya fara aiki a matsayin malami. Daga 1962 har zuwa 1969, ta yi aiki a wata makaranta a Vienna. Bayan haka, ta fara aiki a Cibiyar kula da matasa ta Zohmanngasse a gundumar Viennese Favoriten kuma a 1976, an nada ta a matsayin darakta. A farkon shekarun 1990s, ofishin kula da lafiyar matasa ya kara tura matasa da suka fice zuwa cibiyar Ute Bock, kuma saboda wasu makarantu sun riga sun karkatar da su. Wannan shine lokacin da Bock ya fara shiga cikin gwagwarmaya da taimakon jin kai ga masu neman mafaka.

A cikin 1999, Harin wani hari a cibiyarta, an kama kimanin matasa 30 na Afirka saboda fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi a karkashin "Operation Spring". Ute Bock kanta an tuhume ta da fashi da fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi, ma. Wannan ya haifar da dakatar da ita na ɗan lokaci daga aiki. Daga baya an sauke tuhumar, kodayake an hana ta karɓar wasu masu neman mafaka na Afirka a cibiyarta. Daga nan sai ta shirya al'ummomin zama masu zaman kansu, waɗanda ta ba da kuɗin kanta kuma ta kula da su.

In 2000 she retired, but continued working on her project. 2002 she founded her own NGO *Flüchtlingsprojekt Ute Boc*k ("refugee project Ute Bock"). Over 350 asylum seekers find accommodation in Ute Bock's organised apartments. Another 1,000 homeless asylum seekers have their mailing address at her NGO's address.&#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup> She made legal advice available to her clients.

Kun[[giya]] ba da agaji ta dogara da gudummawa. A Vienna, an fara kamfen ɗin **'Bock auf Bier**, inda aka ba da karamin kashi na farashin giya ga ayyukan gidaje na Bock don masu neman mafaka. Bock auf Bier kalma ce ta yaren *Neman giya*, amma Bock Beer yana tsaye ne don giya mai ƙarfi na musamman

A shekara ta 2012, shugaban kasar Heinz Fischer ya ba ta lambar yabo ta girmamawa don ayyuka ga Jamhuriyar Austria, babbar lambar yabo ta kasa ta Austria.

In A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2013 ta sha wahala daga bugun jini kuma ba ta iya yin aiki kamar yadda ta kasance a baya, wanda ya jagoranci kungiyoyin ba da agaji cikin matsalolin kudi. Ba za a iya biyan gidaje da yawa ba kuma wasu masu neman mafaka dole ne su canza wurin zama. Don a farfado da gudummawa, ta sake fara aiki a shekarar 2014.  A shekara ta 2018, ta mutu a Vienna, tana da shekaru 75.

Bock ta lashe kyaututtuka da yawa saboda tasirin zamantakewar al'umma: 

* 1999: Kyautar Ute Bock don Ƙarfin Ɗabi'a Zivilcourage 
* 2000: Kyautar 'Yan Gudun Hijira ta UNHCR
* 2002: Kyautar Bruno Kreisky
* 2003: Kyautar Karl Renner da Greinecker Seniorenpreis
* 2005: Daya daga cikin mata biyar na Austriya, waɗanda aka zaba don aikin Peace Women Across the Globe 2007
* 2007: Kyautar Dan Adam ta Duniya 
* 2012: Kyautar Daraja ga Ayyuka ga Jamhuriyar Austria

## Manazarta
Kogon Ryūga

Ryūga Cave ,  kuma aka sani da **kogon Ryuga**   ko **kogon Ryugado**,  wani kogon dutse ne da ke cikin birnin Kami, a lardin Kōchi, a ƙasar Japan .  Yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan kogon dutsen ƙasa uku a Japan,  tare da jimlar tsawon kilomita 4.  An sanya kogon a matsayin abin tarihi na kasa na Japan . 

## Dubawa
Kogon ya ɗauki kimanin shekaru miliyan 175 don kafa shi. 

An gano misalai da dama na tukwane na Yayoi, ragowar murhu, gawayi, da kasusuwan dabbobi a cikin kogon, wanda ke nuni da cewa mutane na rayuwa a cikin kogon a zamanin Yayoi kimanin shekaru 2,000 da suka wuce. Don haka, an sanya kogon a matsayin Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa a cikin 1934. 

An bude kogon ga jama'a a watan Agustan 1931; Kimanin yanki mai nisan kilomita ɗaya shine kogon nuni tare da haskakawa, matakan hawa da alamun hanyoyi. 

## Gallery

Fayil:Kami_Kochi_Ryugado_West_Entrance_1.JPG|alt=West Entrance| Shigar Yamma
Fayil:Kami_Kochi_Ryugado_Exit_1.JPG|alt=Exit| Fita
Fayil:Kami_Kochi_Ryugado_Museum_1.JPG|alt=Museum| Gidan kayan tarihi
Fayil:Kami_Kochi_Ryugado_Inside_3.JPG|alt=Cave formations| Samuwar kogo
Fayil:Kami_Kochi_Ryugado_Inside_5.JPG|alt=Cave formations| Samuwar kogo
Fayil:Kami_Kochi_Ryugado_Inside_7.JPG|alt=illumination| haskakawa
Fayil:龍河洞出土_土器.JPG|alt=Yayoi pottery| Yayoi tukwane


## Manazarta
Shah Allah Ditta koguna

**Kogon Shah Allah Ditta** tsohon wurin binciken kayan tarihi ne dake cikin Margalla Hills, Islamabad, Pakistan. An yi imanin cewa, kogon yana da shekaru 2,400 kuma an yi masa ado da zane-zane na zamanin Buddha.  Sufaye mabiya addinin Buddah ne suka fara amfani da kogon don yin zuzzurfan tunani, daga baya sadhus Hindu, sannan kuma masu kishin Musulunci a zamanin Mughal .  Kauyen Shah Allah Ditta, inda kogon suke, ana kiransa da sunan dervish na zamanin Mughal . 

## Muhimmancin tarihi
Kogon Shahullah Dutta yana kan hanyar da Alexander the Great da Sher Shah Suri suke amfani da shi don tafiya daga Kabul zuwa birnin Gandharan na Taxila .  Sarakunan Mughal da sauran sarakuna sukan bi ta wannan yanki a kan hanyarsu ta zuwa Indiya daga Afghanistan. Ana kyautata zaton wannan kauyen ya kwashe sama da shekaru dari bakwai. Akwai sassaka daban-daban na Buddha akan bangon waɗannan kogo waɗanda ke da ban sha'awa ba ga mabiya addinin Buddha kaɗai ba har ma ga masu son tarihi. 

## Binciken archaeological
A cikin kogwanni, an gano alamun zamanin Buddhist na karni na 8. Masu binciken archaeologists sun sami sassaka daban-daban na Buddha akan bangon kogon. Kafin masu kishin musulmi su karbe mulki a zamanin Mughal, kogo da tsarin dandali da ke kusa da yankin sufaye mabiya addinin Buddah ne suka fara amfani da su daga baya sadhus Hindu don yin tunani.  

## Ƙoƙarin adanawa
A watan Oktoba na 2010, Hukumar Raya Babban Jari (CDA) ta amince da wani shiri na adana wannan wurin binciken kayan tarihi na shekaru 2,400.  Shirin ya shafi kiyaye kogon Buddha da kuma lambun da ke kusa da ake kira 'Sadhu ka Bagh'.  A cikin 2020, gwamnati na shirin yin nazari kan fannoni daban-daban don kara inganta kogon Shahullah Dutta a tsaunin Margalla don jawo hankalin masu yawon bude ido.   Ma'aikatar Watsa Labarai, Watsa Labarai, Tarihi na Ƙasa da Tarihin Adabi sun shirya wani cikakken shiri don adana wuraren tarihi na tarihi a Islamabad. An kafa kwamitin mutane uku na masu binciken kayan tarihi don kula da aikin da kuma tattara kayan tarihi da aka samu a wurin yadda ya kamata.  Cibiyar Taxila ta Nazarin Asiya, Jami'ar Quaid-i-Azam, Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi na Tarihi da Sashen Gine-gine, da kuma wani yunƙurin da Ma'aikatar Sadarwa ta NUST ta yi kwanan nan ta bukaci gwamnati ta kiyaye  irin waɗannan wuraren tarihi na Mughal. Ofishin jakadancin Japan da ke Pakistan ya bayar da rahoton cewa za ta bayar da gudunmawar aikin kiyaye kogon. 

## Yawon shakatawa
Shahullah Dutta Cave sanannen wuri ne ga daruruwan baƙi na ƙasa da na duniya. Wadannan koguna suna a gefen birane na babban birnin tarayya a Sashin E-11. An ɓoye shi a cikin kyawawan tsaunukan Margalla akwai babban aikin archaeological na Shahullah Dutta Caves, wanda ke adana kusan ganuwar Buddha mai shekaru 2,400. Duwatsun suna wakiltar ɗayan mafi kyawun gidajen Buddha a yankin. Za'a iya ninka yawan masu yawon bude ido sau biyu ta hanyar daukar matakai daban-daban don inganta waɗannan tsoffin abubuwan tunawa da kara kayan aiki ga masu yawon buɗe ido.

## Manazarta
Gidan itacen ɓaure

**Kogon ɓangarorin ɓangarorin** kogo ne a cikin Yankin Gibraltar na Ƙasar Ingila . Tana kan tsaunin gabas na Dutsen Gibraltar, ba da nisa da Kogon Martin a cikin Babban Dutsen Nature Reserve .  An jera shi a cikin Dokar Gado da Kaddara na 2018 ta Gwamnatin Gibraltar.

## Tarihi
A cewar tsohon gwamnan Gibraltar, William Jackson, Simón Susarte, wani dan gudun hijirar kwanan nan, ya jagoranci sojojin Spain 500 zuwa gabas na Gibraltar don sake dawo da Dutsen bayan Anglo - Dutch Capture na Gibraltar a 1704. Sojojin sun shafe dare na 10 Nuwamba 1704, a gefen gabas na kogon gabas da Martin' a tsakiyar Cave na gaba a tsakiyar Cave. Harin ya kare da mugun nufi yayin da harsashi ya kare, an kuma kasa isowa.  Duk da haka ba a gano kogon Martin ba har tsawon shekaru 100.

A cikin 1860s, Kyaftin Frederic Brome, Gwamna na kurkukun soja a kan Windmill Hill, Gibraltar, ya nemi izini daga Gwamnan Gibraltar don gano kogon Poca Roca, da kuma St. Michael's Cave, Martin's Cave da wannan kogon, tare da manufar gano bayanan archaeological na amfani da waɗannan kogo na baya. Gwamnan ya amince da barin fursunoni goma su fara aiki a kogon Martin. 

Ƙofar kogon ƙarami ne, yana faɗaɗawa zuwa siffar  tsayi kuma kusan  ta  . Hanya ta faɗi a kusurwar digiri 40 amma ta ƙare a cikin rami mai laka. Dabbobin da ke cikin kogon sun yi kama da na kogon Martin na kusa. Kogon yana cikin Babban Rock Nature Reserve . 

## Yau
A cikin 2018 an haɗa wannan kogon a cikin kogon da aka jera a cikin Dokar Kayayyakin Tarihi da Kaddara ta Gwamnatin Gibraltar, lura da cewa Kogon ɓangarorin ɓangarorin No.2 wani wurin binciken kayan tarihi ne. 

## Manazarta
Koguna na Chobhar

**Kogon Chobhar** babbar hanyar sadarwa ce ta kogwanni phreatic kusa da ƙauyen Chobhar, wanda ke 9.&nbsp;km kudu maso yammacin Kathmandu, Nepal . Chobhar kuma sananne ne ga kwazazzabin Chobhar wanda duk ruwan kwarin ke malalawa ta cikinsa. Wani ƙaramin haikali na Adinath Sampradaya yana zaune a saman wani tudu da ke kusa. Haikalin yana ba da ra'ayi na tsaunuka masu dusar ƙanƙara. A cewar Swayambhu Purana da almara, kwarin Kathmandu ya kasance tafki. An yi imanin cewa Bodhisattva Manjushree ya yanke wani kwazazzabo a wani wuri da ake kira Chobhar Gorge, kusa da Chobhar Ancient Hill Village (sp. kuma Chovar, chobar) kuma ya kwashe ruwan don kafa ƙasa mai zaman kansa.

Ƙungiyoyin bincike daga Birtaniya sun binciko waɗannan kogo a cikin 1976,  Czechoslovakia a 1980 da Jamus a 1985. Binciken da aka yi a cikin kogo a watan Afrilu 2007 ya nuna cewa akwai aƙalla sanannun mashigai guda shida duk an rubuta ta hanyar karatun GPS wanda ƙungiyar Faransanci na masana kimiyya ta Faransa ta jagoranci Maurice Duchesne daga Faransa. Yanzu akwai taswirar waɗannan kogo. 

Sau da yawa ruwa yana shiga cikin kogon saboda sauyin yanayi na kogin Bagmati da ke kusa. Don haka, ana ba baƙi shawarar kar su ziyarci cikin kogon ba tare da rakiyar ƙwararrun jagororin ba waɗanda ke da kamfas da sauran kayan aikin da ake buƙata don binciken kogon. Ana ba da shawarar kiyaye tsaro mafi girma. Ba a ga maciji a cikin wadannan kogon Chobhar ba amma an ga jemagu da yawa.

Ana auna mafi ƙarancin mita 1250, kogon Chobhar sune mafi girma a Asiya. biyar daga tsohuwar ƙauyen Chobhar Hill.

## Manazarta
Rashin fyade a kasar Sin

A cikin 2007, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta ba da rahoton fyade 31,833 a Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin (PRC), amma babu irin wannan rahoto da Gwamnatin PRC ta bayar. An haramta cin zarafin jima'i tsakanin manya maza a ƙarshen 2015.  An yi wa 'yan gida da na kasashen waje fyade wadanda ke fama da fataucin jima'i a kasar Sin.

## Tarihi

### Daular kasar Sin
A lokacin Daular Qing (1644-1912), fyade yana da wuyar tabbatarwa. Wata mace da aka kai mata hari ta jima'i dole ne ta tabbatar da cewa ta ba da tsayayya mafi girma kuma ta yi yaƙi da ƙarfi a duk lokacin da aka yi wa wahala. Rashin yin hakan zai fallasa matar kanta ga gurfanar da laifi saboda kasancewa cikin "dangantaka ta haramtacciyar yarjejeniya".

### Yaƙin Sin da Japan na Biyu
Ma'aikatan Sojojin Imperial na Japan ne suka yi fyade a kasar Sin a lokacin Yaƙin Sin da Japan na Biyu . An yi fyade a lokacin, amma ba a iyakance su ba, Kisan kiyashi na Nanjing  da kuma wuraren Unit 731.  An yi wa mata ta'aziyya daga kasar Sin fataucin jima'i kuma an yi musu fyade.

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan yaƙin a 1946, wani Sojan Ruwa na Amurka ya yi wa wani dalibi na Jami'ar Peking fyade a cikin Shari'ar Shen Chong . 

### Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu
### China ta ƙarni na 21
Laifukan fyade a cikin karni na 21 na kasar Sin sun hada da, amma ba a iyakance su ba, shari'ar Yang Xinhai,  Shari'ar fyade ta Kris Wu,  kisan fyade na Li Guangjun,  kisan fyare na Li Hao,  da kuma 2013 Li Tianyi Gang Rape.

#### Uighurs
Akwai rahotanni game da fyade da cin zarafin mata na kabilun Uighur da hukumomin kasar Sin suka yi a sansanonin tsare-tsare na Xinjiang a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsanantawar Gwamnatin kasar Sin ga Uyghurs.

## Yaduwa, bincike da kididdiga

Rape a kasar Sin ba a tattauna shi sosai a kafofin watsa labarai ba. Luo Tsun-yin, masanin ilimin halayyar jama'a a Jami'ar Shih Hsin a Taiwan, ya tabbatar da cewa an bayar da rahoton kasa da daya daga cikin 10 na fyade a kasar Sin.

Nazarin Kasashe da yawa na 2013 kan Maza da Rikicin Cikin Gida ya tambayi maza a kasar Sin idan sun taɓa tilasta wa abokin tarayya yin jima'i (ciki har da fyade da aka sauƙaƙe). Kashi 22.2 cikin dari sun ce eh. Kashi 9.3% sun yi haka a shekarar da ta gabata. 19.4% sun yi wa abokin tarayya fyade. Kashi 55% na maza da suka yi fyade sun yi haka fiye da sau ɗaya kuma kashi 9% sun yi haka a kan abokan tarayya huɗu ko fiye. Kashi 86% sun ambaci haƙƙin jima'i a matsayin dalilin su (mafi girman kashi a cikin binciken) kuma kashi 57% sun amsa cewa sun yi fyade saboda gajiyar. Kashi 72.4% ba su sami sakamako na shari'a ba. 1.7% sun yi wa wani mutum fyade. 25.1% wanda ya yi fyade ya fara bayar da rahoton yin hakan tun yana matashi. 2.2% sun yarda da yin fyade. Wani rahoto da kungiyar mata ta kasar Sin ta gudanar ya kiyasta cewa kusan kashi goma cikin dari na matan kasar Sin da ke da hannu a cikin dangantaka ko kuma suna da aure suna fuskantar tashin hankali na jiki ko na jima'i.

Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya gano cewa babu wani ma'auni na psychometric da ke tantance halayen game da fyade a kasar Sin. Misali, masu bincike sun gano cewa maza suna amincewa da ra'ayin cewa bayyana tufafi yana ba da izini ga jima'i.

## Manazarta
Octacilio

**Octacílio Pinheiro Guerra** (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar ta 1909 - 26 ga Fabrairu 1967)  ya kasance ɗan wasan kwallon kafa na kasar Brazil. Ya buga wa tawagar kasar Brazil wasa.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Bodorna Rock Columns Natural Monument

**Bodorna Rock Columns Abin tunawa na Halitta** ( Georgian  ) wani ginshiƙin dutse ne mai tsayin mita 15 da diamita 4 m kusa da ƙauyen Bodorna na Dusheti Municipality, Mtskheta-Mtianeti Georgia a nesa na 70-80 m daga babbar hanyar S3 (Georgia) a 813 m sama da matakin teku.  Abin tunawa na halitta yana kusan 150-200 m daga Bodorna Church of Saint Virgin Mary wanda aka gina a cikin karni na 17 kuma yana kallon kwarin Aragvi daga kogin dama a kan gangara na fallasa gabas. A cikin gida wannan hasumiya ta halitta ana kiranta da *Dutsen Tsotsola* kuma ana jita-jita cewa yana da kamanceceniya da siffa ta Kirista . 

## Asalin abin tunawa da tarihi
Asalin abin tunawa ba a bayyana gaba ɗaya ba, saboda yana iya zama abin zargi daga ƙungiyar neogene ko kuma daga cobbles da aka yi da siminti da aka fi sani da pinnacle ko hoodoo wanda daga baya mutum ya canza shi don dalilai na ibada. Ba a samun cikakken karatun lithostratigraphy .  A gindin ginshiƙin dutsen yana da diamita na 4 m kuma shafi a hankali yana kunkuntar zuwa sama. A halin yanzu an rufe saman ginshiƙi da shrubbery. Shafin yana ƙunshe da ƙaramin kogo mai niches guda biyu, ɗaya daga cikin mutane da yawa, waɗanda limaman Kirista na farko suka yi amfani da su azaman tsari a Jojiya, mai yiwuwa a cikin ƙarni na V – VII, kuma daga baya a lokacin mamayewar Timur na Jojiya . Jaridar Georgian Chronicles ta ruwaito cewa maharba Timur sun sauko kan ginshiƙi ta hanyar amfani da igiya kuma suka harba kibau cikin kogon da ya cika cunkoso.  Kusa da gangaren suna da irin wannan kogon da mutum ya yi a warwatse.  Gaba ɗaya rukunin kogon suna da kariya iri ɗaya kamar abin tunawa na halitta.

## Manazarta
Rashin fyade a Faransa

A Faransa, fyade ba bisa ka'ida ba ne, kuma fyade na aure ba bisa ka-ida ba ne. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan an sami karuwar rahoton fyade a Faransa.

## Nazarin
An rubuta fyade a duk tarihin Faransa. Georges Vigarello a cikin littafinsa na 2001 ya rubuta game da tarihin fyade a Faransa, yana nuna abubuwan da suka faru daga karni na 16 zuwa 20. Ya bayyana cewa a tarihi an ga fyade a matsayin wani nau'i na tashin hankali, amma ba a hukunta shi ba.

## Kididdiga

A shekara ta 1971, adadin fyade da aka ayyana ya tsaya a 2.0 ga kowane mutum 100,000. A shekara ta 1995, ya kasance 12.5.  A shekara ta 2009, ya tsaya a 16.2.

A cewar wani rahoto na 2012, kimanin fyade 75,000 suna faruwa a kowace shekara. A cikin shekara ta 2012, an bayar da rahoton fyade 1,293 a cikin yawan mutane miliyan 66,  da fyade 1,188 a cikin shekara ta 2013 a cikin yawan jama'a miliyan 66. 

A cikin shekara ta 2015, yawan **fyade** a **Faransa** ya kasance 20.1 a cikin yawan mutane 100,000. Yawan fyade na **Faransa** ya karu daga shari'o'i 15.9 ga kowane mutum 100,000 a shekara ta 2006 zuwa shari'o-i 20.1 ga kowane mutum 100.000 a shekara ta 2015 yana girma a matsakaicin shekara-shekara na 2.72% .

## Rashin fyade a aure
Kotun Cassation ta ba da izinin gurfanar da ma'aurata saboda fyade ko cin zarafin jima'i a shekarar 1990.  A cikin 1994, Dokar 94-89 ta haramta fyade ta aure;  doka ta biyu, ta zartar da 4 ga Afrilu 2006, ta sanya fyade da abokin tarayya ya zama mummunan yanayi a cikin gabatar da fyade. A cikin 2025, Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai ta yanke hukunci a cikin H.W. v. Faransa cewa a karkashin dokar Faransa da Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam, "aikin aure" ba ya kuma ba zai iya haɗawa da tilastawa don yin jima'i da matarsa ba tare da yardar mutum ba (wanda ba a ɗauka ya wanzu a cikin aure), yana soke dokar shari'ar da ta gabata daga ƙananan kotuna a Faransa.

## Rashin fyade na ƙungiyoyi
A cewar wani rahoto na 2014, kimanin 5,000 zuwa 7,000 daga cikin fyade fyade ne na ƙungiyoyi. Ana kiran gang-rapes a matsayin tournantes, ko "tafiye-tafiye". Daya daga cikin mutane na farko da suka jawo hankalin jama'a ga al'adun fyade shine Samira Bellil, wanda ya buga littafi mai suna Dans l'enfer des tournantes ("In Gang Rape Hell").
Ezra Nawi

Ezra Yitzhak Nawi (Ibrananci: עזרא יצחק נאוי; 1951 - 9 Janairu 2021) Bayahude Ba'isra'ile ne na hagu mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam. Ya kasance mai himma musamman a tsakanin makiyayan Makiyaya da manoma na Kudancin Hebron Hills da kuma adawa da kafa matsugunan Isra’ila a wurin,  a cikin abin da Uri Avnery ya bayyana a matsayin dogon yunƙurin da mazauna ƙauyen Larabawa suka yi don tsabtace yankin ƙauyen Larabawa,  a cikin rigakafin wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. An bayyana shi a matsayin "Ta'ayush nudnik (rashin hankali)", ] da "mai aiki, sigar luwadi mai sassaucin ra'ayi na Joe the Plumber

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Ezra Nawi a Urushalima,  ɗaya daga cikin 'yan'uwa biyar, ga dangin Mizrahi Bayahude Iraqi asali daga Basra, wanda ya yi aliyah daga Kurdistan jim kadan kafin haihuwarsa. Wata kaka ce ta taso shi da harshen Larabci na Iraki, lafazin da har yanzu yake rike da shi Lokacin da Nawi yake matashi, suna zaune kusa da Reuven Kaminer, jigo a jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Isra'ila, kuma Kaminer, ya tuna, ya rinjayi gwagwarmayarsa. A matsayinsa na ɗan aikin soja a cikin IDF, ya yi aiki a sashin injiniya na yaƙi. Bayan Yaƙin Yom Kippur na 1973, inda ayyukansa suka haɗa da sanya nakiyoyi a kan mashigar ruwa ta Suez, ya tafi ƙasashen waje, ya yi balaguro sosai a cikin Amurka da Turai, yana ɗan ɗan lokaci a cikin Burtaniya da Ireland.[

Nawi ya yi aiki a matsayin mai aikin famfo. Shi dan luwadi ne a fili] Ya ci gaba da sha'awar 'yancin ɗan adam, wanda ya ce ya fito ne daga kwarewarsa na "na kasancewa ga tsirarun tsiraru da aka raina",  bayan ganawa da malamin Jami'ar Irish David Norris da kulla dangantaka da shi a Dublin lokacin da suka hadu a Kirsimeti a 1975. Nawi ya dage kan komawa gida tare da Norris bayan ya sadu da shi a wurin biki - soyayya ce ta juna a farkon gani - kuma Norris ya sami ƙwai na zamani kawai. shayi shine babban abinci, ba zato ba tsammani ya canza yayin da abincin Nawi na Gabas ta Tsakiya mai yaji ya cinye gidansa na Edwardian.
## Manazarta
Kogon amarya

**Kogon Amarya (Bridal Cave)** wani kogo ne na dutse da ke kusa da Camdenton, Missouri, Amurka, a cikin Tafkin Tafkin Ozarks. Kogon yana da tsawon kusan mil daya, amma kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu ne kawai mutane ke iya shiga saboda tabkuna na karkashin kasa. Sunan kogon ya samo asali ne daga wani babi a cikin *Indian Romances*, rubutun 1933 na tsohon marubucin shi R.G. Scott, wanda ya ba da cikakken bayani game da bikin auren 'yan asalin Amurka na Osage.

A cewar littafin, Conwee, dan sarkin Osage, yana so ya auri Wasena, diyar wani sarkin Osage. Wasena ba ta so ta auren shi, saboda haka Conwee da mayaƙansa suka yi garkuwa da Wasena da abokiyar ta, Irona. Gungun sun yi kokarin boye matan a cikin kogon, amma Wasena ta tsere kuma ta kashe kanta don gudun kada ta kasance tare da Conwee. Irona ba ta yi ƙoƙarin tserewa ba saboda tana soyayya da Buffalo, ɗan'uwan Conwee. Daga karshe ta auri Buffalo a cikin wannan kogo. 

Kogon ya shahara tun a shekarun 1850 saboda yadda ake tsara shi da launin ma'adinai.   An fara buɗe kogon , kuma kogon kansa yana da iyakataccen wurin motsi. An faɗaɗa ɗakuna da ramuka, kuma dakuna biyar na farko sun buɗe wa jama'a a ranar 16 ga Oktoba, 1948, don yawon buɗe ido.  Ana yin bukukuwan aure a cikin ɗakin biki na Bridal, wanda ke da fasalin fasalin da aka yi wa suna 'bututu', wani fitaccen yanki na ɗaki a cikin ɗaki na biyu. Wani abin da aka sani shine tafkin Mystery, wanda ke da haske mai haske, tafkin zurfin ƙafa 18 da aka yi ta hanyar tudun ruwa na ƙasa bayan kammala Dam din Bagnell . Tafkin yana da tsoffin gine-ginen katako waɗanda ba a san asalinsu ba. Samfuran tsarin don dalilai na soyayya bai yiwu ba saboda itacen ya tarwatse akan lokaci.  Rabin na biyu na yawon shakatawa ya buɗe wa jama'a a cikin 1990.

Ma'aurata za su iya siyan fakitin bikin aure don bukukuwa a cikin Kogon Bridal.  An shirya bikin aure na farko ranar 1 ga Yuni, 1949, kuma har zuwa 2023, an gudanar da bukukuwan aure sama da 4,300 a Kogon Bridal.  

## Manazarta
Clemens Nathan

Clemens Neumann Nathan (24 ga Agusta 1933 - 2 Yuni 2015) ɗan kasuwa ne kuma ɗan kasuwa ɗan Ingilishi haifaffen Jamus. Ya kasance mai fafutuka a madadin dalilai na Yahudawa, da kuma batun haƙƙin ɗan adam na duniya da tattaunawa tsakanin addinai

## Rayuwar farko
An haife shi a Hamburg, Jamus na Nazi a ranar 24 ga Agusta, 1933, Nathan ya zo tare da iyalinsa zuwa Ingila yana da shekaru uku don tserewa zalunci na Nazi.

Nathan ya yi karatu a makarantar Berkhamsted Boys da ke Hertfordshire, sannan ya karanci sana'ar ulu a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Woolen ta Scotland a Galashiels, Scotland. An ba shi kyautar MPhil a Jami'ar Leeds a Masana'antar Yadi.  kuma ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa (1974-78), Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa (1991-92), Fellow, Member Council da Abokin Abokin Cibiyar. Ya rubuta takarda don Textile Outlook da sauran mujallu.Ya gabatar da laccoci a taron kasa da kasa.

## Tallafawa
Nathan shi ne shugaban cibiyar nazarin dangantakar Yahudawa da Kirista (1998-2003) (yanzu Cibiyar Woolf) a Cambridge, wacce ke da alhakin koyarwa, bincike da tattaunawa tsakanin bangaskiyar Ibrahim guda uku. Daga baya ya zama mataimakin shugabanta mai girma. Ya kasance memba na kwamitin taron kan da'awar abubuwan Yahudawa akan Jamus kuma shine Shugaban Rayuwa na Ƙungiyar Tallafawa don Cibiyar Nazarin Jamusanci-Yahudawa a Jami'ar Sussex.

Nathan ya kasance "mutum mai tushe" a cikin kafa kungiya mai zaman kanta Rene Cassin, kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam. Ya kuma kasance memba na Hukumar Gidauniyar Tunawa da Al'adun Yahudawa kuma makusanci na sama da shekaru 40 tare da Alliance Israélite Universelle na tushen Paris.

A cikin 2004 Nathan ya kafa Cibiyar Bincike ta Clemens Nathan, yana shirya tarurrukan duniya da yawa da buga littattafai da yawa kan haƙƙin ɗan adam

A sakamakon aikinsa, a tsakanin sauran al'amuran jama'a ya ba da lacca a Fadar Zaman Lafiya a Hague don taron kan ramuwa wanda REDRESS ya shirya, mai taken 'Dacewar Kwarewar Bayan Holocaust', ] kuma an gayyace shi zuwa lacca a Jami'ar Pennsylvania a 2009 kan 'Hakkokin Dan Adam a cikin 21st Cen.
## Manazarta
Tafkin karkashin kasa

**Tafkin karkashin kasa** ko **tafkin karkashin kasa** ya kasance wani tabki ne da ke karkashin saman duniya. Mafi yawan tafkunan karkashin kasa ana samun su ne a wuraren da ake yi na karst topography,   inda aka kawar da dutsen farar ƙasa ko wani dutse mai narkewa, yana barin kogon da ruwa zai iya gudana kuma ya taru.

Tafkunan karkashin kasa na halitta abu ne da ba a saba gani ba. Mafi sau da yawa, ruwan karkashin kasa yana taruwa cikin tsari kamar magudanan ruwa ko maɓuɓɓugan ruwa .

HBabban tafkin karkashin kasa mafi girma a duniya yana cikin kogon numfashi na Dragon a Namibiya,  mai fadin kusan  ;  na biyu mafi girma shine Tekun Lost, dake cikin Craighead Caverns a cikin Tennessee, Amurka, tare da fadin  

## Halaye
Tafkin karkashin kasa shi ne duk wani ruwa wanda yayi kama da girman tafkin saman kuma ya kasance mafi yawa ko kuma gaba daya a karkashin kasa; ko da yake, ainihin ma'anar kimiyya na abin da za a iya ɗauka a matsayin "tafki" ba a kafa shi ba tukuna.  Ana iya rarraba tafkunan karkashin kasa a matsayin ko dai "tafkuna" ko "tafkuna", ya danganta da girman girman, kamar fili da/ko zurfin da aka fallasa.

Rashin ƙarancin tabkunan ƙarƙashin ƙasa ana iya danganta su da yadda ruwa ke gudana a ƙarƙashin ƙasa. A ƙasan saman duniya, yawan matsi da ake yi a kan ruwan ƙasa yana ƙaruwa, yana sa ya shiga cikin ƙasa. Iyakar da akwai isassun matsa lamba na ƙasa don cika ƙasa da ruwa gaba ɗaya ana kiran teburin ruwa . Wurin da ke sama da teburin ruwa ana kiransa da "unsaturated zone," yayin da yankin da ke ƙasa shi ake kira "saturated zone".   A cikin cikakken yanki, matsa lamba ya zama ƙarfin farko da ke motsa ruwa. Tafkuna suna farawa da farko a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin nauyi - an ja ruwa zuwa ƙasa mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin yanki, kuma yana taruwa cikin tafkin. Duk wani ruwa da ke ƙasa da teburin ruwa zai kasance cikin matsi, don haka ba ya samar da tafkin; a maimakon haka, ya samar da ruwa mai ruwa .

Tafkunan karkashin kasa da ke faruwa a dabi'a na iya samuwa a yankunan karst, inda yanayin yanayi na duwatsu masu narkewa ya bar bayan koguna da sauran wuraren buɗe ido a cikin ƙasa.  Ruwan saman yana iya samun hanyarsa ta ƙarƙashin ƙasa ta waɗannan wuraren buɗewa  kuma ya taru a cikin manyan kogo don samar da tafkuna.

Hakanan ana iya samar da tafkunan karkashin kasa ta hanyar tafiyar mutane, kamar ambaliya na ma'adinai . Misalai biyu sune tafkunan da aka samu a cikin ma'adinan ma'adinai a Blaenau Ffestiniog, irin su Croesor quarry,  da tafkin da ke cikin Ma'adinan Gishiri na Hallein a Ostiriya. 

## Misalai

* Craighead Caverns, a cikin Tennessee, Amurika
* Cross Cave, a cikin Slovenia
* Kogon Numfashin Dragon, a Namibiya
* Kow Ata, in Turkmenistan
* Lake Neuron, a Albania
* Moqua Well, in Nauru
* Tafkin karkashin kasa na Saint-Léonard, a Switzerland 

## Manazarta
Odvan

**Odvan Gomes da Silva** (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1974) tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na kasar Brazil wanda ya taka leda a dan wasa matsayin mai tsaron gida.

## Ayyuka
An haife shi a garin Campos dos Goytacaz, Odvan ya buga wa kungiyoyi kamar su kungiyar  Americano, Mineiros, Mimosense, Vasco da Gama, Santos, Botafogo, Coritiba, Fluminense, DC United, Náutico, Estrela da Amadora, Madureira, Bangu, Rio Bananal, Ituano, Cabofriense, União de Rondonópolis, CTAZ, São João da Barra, Goytacaz da ADR São José.

Ya lashe kwallo 12 ga tawagar kasar Brazil,  tare da wanda ya lashe gasar Copa América ta a shekara ta 1999. 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Shirin Aminci na Zabe

The Electoral Integrity Project wani aiki ne da aka kafa a Kwalejin Soja ta Royal na Kanada da Jami'ar Gabashin Anglia, Ingila, wanda ke buga ƙididdiga ta ƙasa bisa ga ra'ayin aikin game da amincin zaɓensa.[Madogaran da ba na farko ba] Har ila yau, yana shirya tarurrukan duniya da tarurrukan bita. Rahoton Integrity Global Report na 2021, ya kunshi zabuka 480 a kasashe 169 daga tsakiyar 2012 zuwa karshen 2021. Holly Ann Garnett da Toby S. James ne suka jagoranta.Pippa Norris ne ya kafa ta a cikin 2012 kuma an fara zama a Jami'ar Harvard da Jami'ar Sydney.[1][2]

## Abubuwan da aka gano
Ɗaya daga cikin Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Duniya na aikin, Andrew Reynolds, farfesa a fannin kimiyyar siyasa a Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill, ya lura a cikin Raleigh-based The News & Observer cewa darajar zaben 2016 na jiharsa ta yi kama da Cuba, Indonesia da Saliyo.  Binciken ya sanya amincin Gundumomin majalisa na jihar mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin ƙasa da irin wannan Wisconsin.

## Karɓar baƙi
Kaila White na Jamhuriyar Arizona ta bayyana hanyar a matsayin abin dogaro da yawa kuma ana amfani da ita don kwatanta aikin zabe a duniya.

Shirin ya sami hankalin kafofin watsa labarai a cikin 2016 lokacin da ya sanya *Murya* ta ƙarshe a cikin ƙasashen Yamma. Wani edita a cikin The Wall Street Journal ya yi wa binciken ba'a, yana mai lura da cewa "Democracy a New York (wanda ya zira kwallaye 61) da Virginia (60) ana zaton sun fi haɗari fiye da Rwanda (64), kodayake Rwanda tana ƙarƙashin ikon mai mulkin kama-karya. Jiha mafi muni, Arizona (53), Kuwait (55), Ivory Coast (59) da Kyrgyzstan (54) sun fi dacewa.  Dylan Matthews da rubuce-rubuce a Vox ya yarda cewa "yana da wauta ne a ƙaddamar da cewa Amurka ba ta da dimokuradiyya fiye da irin waɗannan batutuwan da Rwanda" amma ya zama kamar yadda EIP ke da irin waɗannan abubuwan da su ba su ba su.

Masanin lissafi Andrew Gelman ya soki alamar kamar yadda take kama da "haɗin kai na akidar siyasa, inganta kai na ilimi, aikin jarida mai gaskiya, da rashin ƙwarewa na dā", yana mai lura da cewa fitar da bayanan EIP na 2014  a baya ya ba da 'amincin zaɓe' na 65.3 da Cuba 65.6, mafi girma fiye da zaɓen a cikin membobin EU Romania da Bulgaria Norris ta amsa wa Gelman ta lura cewa tawagarta ta bar zaben Koriya ta Arewa daga bayanan. Gelman, duk da haka, ta yi tambaya game da hujjar ta don wannan cirewa kuma ta ci gaba da yin tambaya game da hanyar EIP gabaɗaya.

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

*
Olavo (mai wasan ƙwallon ƙafa)

****Olavo** Martins de Oliveira** (9 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar ta 1927 - 12 ga watan Maris shekara ta 2004), wanda aka fi sani da Olavo, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Brazil . Yafi zama mai tsaron tsakiya, yana da ikon yin aiki a matsayin mai tsaron dama.

## Daraja

### Kungiyar

; Korantiyawa

* Gasar Paulista: 1953, 1954
* Gasar Rio - São Paulo: 1953, 1954

; Santos

* Gasar Paulista: 1962, 1964, 1965
* Kofin Intercontinental: 1962

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Donizete Oliveira

'**''Donizete** Francisco de Oliveira''' (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ' ta 1968), wani lokacin ana kiransa Donizette, tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na kasar Brazil wanda ya taka leda a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya.

## Kididdigar aiki

### Kungiyar

### Kasashen Duniya

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje

* 
* Donizete OliveiraaJ.League (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) Tarihi)  (a cikin Jafananci)  
* Donizete Oliveiraa Sambafoot (an adana shi)
Mazinho Oliveira

**Waldemar Aureliano de Oliveira Filho**, wanda aka fi sani da **Mazinho Oliveira** (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga watan Disamba shekarar ta 1965), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na kasar Brazil da ya yi ritaya wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin mai gaba.

## Kididdigar aiki

### Kasashen Duniya

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje

* 
* Mazinho OliveiraaJ.League (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) Tarihi)  (a cikin Jafananci)
Hukuncin kisa a Senegal

An soke Hukuncin kisa a Senega a shekarar 2004. Kasar ta yi aikata karshe na kisa a shekarar 1967.

Senegal ba ta zama ƙasa mai hannu a Yarjejeniyar Zaɓi ta Biyu ta Yarjejeniyar Zaɓuɓɓuka ta Biyu ga Alkawarin Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa. Ba ta kada ƙuri'a ba a lokacin dakatarwar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan hukuncin kisa a shekarar 2020.

## References
Paula Ramos

**José França de Paula Ramos** (an haife shi ranar 4 ga watan Yuni, 1895 - ba a san ranar mutuwarsa ba), wanda aka fi sani da suna Paula Ramos, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Brazil wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya. Ya taka leda a wasa daya a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasar Brazil a shekarar ta 1917.  Ya kuma kasance daga cikin tawagar kasar Brazil don Gasar Kudancin Amurka ta shekarar ta 1917. 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Hukuncin kisa a Tanzania

Hukuncin kisa yana daga cikin hukuncin doka a Tanzania. Tanzania tana da manyan laifuka biyu da ake yanke hukuncin kisa a kansu: cin amanar ƙasa da kisan kai. Hukuncin kisa shi ne hukuncin dole ga kisan kai.

## manazarta
Duk da cewa hukuncin kisa yana da halaccin doka a Tanzania, ba a aiwatar da kowanne kisa ba tun daga shekarar 1995. Ana ɗaukar Tanzania a matsayin “Ƙasa mai Soke Hukuncin Kisa ta Aiki.”

An yi imani an yanke sabbin hukunci a Tanzania a shekarar 2021, ko da yake adadin bai sani ba. Ana kuma ganin aƙalla mutane 480 ne suke kan jerin waɗanda za a iya yi wa hukuncin kisa a Tanzania a ƙarshen shekarar 2021.

A ranar 19 ga Yuli 2019, Babban Kotun Tanzaniata yanke hukunci cewa "babu isasshen hujja don kalubalantar hukuncin kisa.

## References
Zózimo

Zózimo Alves Calazans**,  wanda aka fi sani da Zózimo (an haife shi a ranar 19 Yuni 1932  ya mutu a ranar  21 ga watan Yuli shekara ta 1977) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Brazil wanda aikinsa a matsayin mai tsaron gida da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] ya kasance daga shekarar ta 1948 zuwa shekara ta 1967.
| style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" |
|--size:95%" |* Bayyanar kulob din}Zózimo** Alves Calazans''',  wanda aka fi sani da Zózimo (an haife shi a ranar 19 Yuni 1932  ya mutu a ranar  21 ga watan Yuli shekara ta 1977) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Brazil wanda aikinsa a matsayin mai tsaron gida da kuma dan wasan tsakiya ya kasance daga shekarar ta 1948 zuwa shekara ta 1967.

An haife shi a Plataforma, wani yanki na Bahia" id="mwHw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Salvador, Bahia">Salvador, babban birnin Bahia, Zózimo ya buga wa San Cristóvão, Bangu, Flamengo, Portuguese da Esportiva de Guarantinguetá na kasar Brazil, da kuma 'yan wasan Peru a Callao da El Salvador's Club Deportivo Águila a San Miguel. Ya lashe gasar zakarun jihar birnin Rio de Janeiro a shekarar 1965 kuma ya lashe gasar zarrawa sau biyu ga tawagar kasar Brazil a gasar cin Kofin Duniya na FIFA a shekarar 1958 da shekara ta 1962. Ya kuma kasance daga cikin tawagar kasar Brazil don wasannin Olympics na shekara ta 1952 .  A cikin aikinsa na shekaru 19 ya sami suna a matsayin daya daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka fi ƙwarewa a kasar Brazil.

Makonni hudu bayan ranar haihuwarsa ta 45, Zózimo ya mutu a hatsarin hanya a birnin Rio de Janeiro . 

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje

* Zózimoa Sambafoot (an adana shi) 
* Zózimoa National-Football-Teams.com
Soke Dokar Hukuncin Kofur, 1997

Soke dokar hukuncin kofur 1997 (Dokar No. 33 na 1997) wani aiki ne na majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu wanda ya soke hukuncin kotu. Ya biyo bayan hukuncin da Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta yanke a shekara ta 1995 a shari'ar S v Williams da Sauransu cewa yankan kananan yara ya sabawa tsarin mulki. Duk da cewa hukuncin da aka yanke a S v Williams ya takaitu ne ga hukuncin daurin rai da rai na maza ‘yan kasa da shekara 21, Mai shari’a Langa ya ambata a cikin dicta cewa an yi ijma’i kan cewa hukumcin da ake yi wa manya shi ma ya sabawa tsarin mulki.

Dokar ta ƙunshi sassa biyu masu mahimmanci. Na farko ya yi tanadin cewa “duk wata doka da ta ba da izinin yanke hukuncin daurin rai da rai ta hanyar shari’a, gami da kotun shugabannin gargajiya,” an soke ta har ta ba da izinin irin wannan hukunci. Na biyu yayi ƙayyadaddun gyare-gyaren rubutu na ƙa'idodi daban-daban, gami da Dokar Gudanar da Baƙar fata, Dokar Kotunan Majistare da Dokar Tsarin Laifi, don cire nassoshi game da hukuncin jiki.

## Manazarta
Dokar da ke mutunta al'ummai na farko, yara Inuit da Métis, matasa da iyalai

Dokar da ke mutunta al'ummai na farko, yara Inuit da Métis, matasa da iyalai[bayanin kula 1] wani aiki ne na Majalisar Kanada wanda ya kafa tsarin doka da ka'idoji don ikon 'yan asalin ƙasar kan ayyukan yara da iyali.

## Fage
Hukumar Gaskiya da sasantawa ta ba da shawarar dokar jin dadin yara da ta kafa ka'idojin kasa don fargabar yaran na asali.

## Tanadi
Doka ta mayar da jindadin yara daga wasu matakan gwamnati zuwa ga mulkin kai na ’yan asalin

## Suka
An soki dokar a Zaɓuɓɓukan Manufofi don rashin bada garantin " isassun kuɗi don sake fasalin tsarin "

Kalubalen shari'a

Gwamnatin Quebec ta kalubalanci matakin, amma Kotun Koli ta Kanada ta yanke hukunci bisa tsarin mulki.

## Manazarta
Dokar Bambancin Shekaru 2004

Dokar Wariya ta Zamani 2004 ita ce Dokar Majalisar Ostiraliya wanda ta haramta wariya shekaru a fagage da dama da suka haɗa da aiki, ilimi,  masauki da samar da kayayyaki da ayyuka. Ana iya nuna wariya ga kowane mutum na kowane zamani a cikin ma'anar aikin

Ana ba da wasu keɓancewa, gami da ƙungiyoyin addini, ƙungiyoyin agaji da nuna wariya mai kyau. Ana iya la'akari da shekarun mutum ta hanyar sharuɗɗan inshorar rayuwa, kuɗin kuɗi, fa'idodin ritaya, da sauran irin wannan kyauta idan nuna bambanci ya dace kuma ya dogara da bayanan zahiri ko ƙididdiga.

Dole ne a fara gabatar da korafe-korafen wariya ga Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Bil'adama ta Australiya (AHRC), inda za a iya fara aiwatar da tsarin sulhu. Shigar da ƙara kyauta ne.Idan ba a warware ƙarar ta hanyar sulhu ba, za a iya kai ta zuwa Kotun Tarayya ko Kotun Da'irar Tarayya.

Gabaɗaya, nuna bambancin shekaru ba laifi bane. Koyaya, Dokar ta ƙirƙira laifukan laifi na tallan wariya, cin zarafi da gazawar bayyana ƙididdiga ko bayanan gaskiya bisa buƙatar Shugaban AHRC.

## Duba kuma[gyara tushe]
Keech v Babban Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya ta Biritaniya na ayyukan hana wariya

## Manazarta
Dokar Tsaro ta Yara Kan layi

The Kids Online Safety and Privacy Act (KOSPA) (S. 2073), da aka sani a cikin House da kuma sauran jama'a fiye da yadda Kids Online Safety Act (KOSA) (H.R. 7891), ne a samarwa doka farko gabatar a Congress a 2022. Dokar da nufin kafa jagororin kare qananan daga tsarin dandali mai cutarwa a kan duqui. "jaraba" zane fasali ga kananan yara.

Kudirin ya samo asali ne daga lekar Facebook na shekarar 2021, wanda ya kai ga gudanar da bincike a majalisa kan rashin ba da kariya ga Big Tech ga kananan yara. Sanatoci Richard Blumenthal (D‑CT) da Marsha Blackburn (R‑TN) ne suka dauki nauyin wannan kudiri tare da gabatar da shi ga majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2022. An sake farfado da shi a wa'adin majalisar na 2023-2024 kuma yayin da majalisar ta amince da shi a watan Yulin 2024, ya kasa ci gaba da zama majalisar wakilai kafin karshen zaman majalisar.

Ko da yake KOSA yana da goyon bayan bangarorin biyu, duka biyu masu sassaucin ra'ayi da masu ra'ayin mazan jiya sun soki shi don yiwuwar ba da damar tantancewa, gami da abubuwan da ke da mahimmanci ga ƙungiyoyin da aka ware, da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi wariyar launin fata, zubar da ciki, da al'amuran transgender.[1]

## Manazarta
Spaghetti na Filipino

**Spaghetti na Filipino** (wanda aka fi sani da **Spaghetti mai zaki**) gyare-gyare ne na Filipino na spaghetti na Italiyanci tare da Sauce na Bolognese . Yana da sauce mai dadi, yawanci ana yin shi daga Sauce na tumatir da aka yi da sukari mai launin ruwan kasa, ketchup na ayaba, ko madara. Yawanci ana rufe shi da karnuka masu zafi ko sausages na longganisa, giniling (nama a ƙasa), da cuku. An dauke shi azaman abinci mai ta'aziyya a cikin Abincin Philippine. Yawanci ana ba da shi a kusan kowane lokaci na musamman, musamman a ranar haihuwar yara.

## Asalin

An yi imanin cewa abincin ya samo asali ne daga lokacin tsakanin shekarun 1940 zuwa 1960. A Lokacin Commonwealth na Amurka, karancin kayan tumatir a yakin duniya na biyu ya tilasta ci gaban banana ketchup na gida.[1][2] Spaghetti tare da Sauce na Bolognese an gabatar da shi ne daga Amurkawa kuma an tsara shi don dacewa da sha'awar Filipino na gida don abinci mai dadi.￼

## Bayyanawa

Spaghetti na Filipino yana da arha kuma yana da sauƙin yin, wanda shine wani ɓangare na dalilin shahararsa. Da farko, ana saiti da tafarnuwa da albasa a cikin mai a cikin babban kwanon rufi har sai sun zama caramelize. Ana ƙara giniling (nama a ƙasa) kuma ana dafa shi har sai ya zama launin ruwan kasa. Ana ƙara karnuka masu zafi, kodayake ana iya maye gurbin su da wasu nama kamar sausages na longganisa, ham, Sausage na Vienna, meatballs, nama na abincin rana, Spam, ko naman sa. Ana dafa shi na 'yan mintoci kaɗan kafin a zuba cakuda tumatir da tumatir a cikin kwanon rufi. Ana iya ƙara naman sa, miya na kaza, ko madara mai narkewa. Ana sanya wannan da ɗanɗano tare da ɗan banana ketchup ko launin ruwan kasa, kuma ana ɗanɗano da gishiri da baƙar fata. Sauran kayan zaki na yau da kullun sun haɗa da madara, syrup, ko ma abubuwan sha masu laushi. Ana tafasa shi har sai ya ragu zuwa daidaito mai kyau. Wasu mutane suna amfani da Sauce na spaghetti da aka saya a kantin sayar da su a matsayin tushe don saukakawa wanda, a cikin Philippines, ana iya sayar da shi a cikin dandano na Filipino.

## Manazarta
Motsi na kare hakki

Ƙungiyoyin haƙƙin haƙƙin ƙungiyoyi ne, ƙungiyoyi ko kamfen da ke aiki tuƙuru don adawa da amincewa, kariya, da ci gaban haƙƙin ɗan adam. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin na iya kai hari kan haƙƙoƙi iri-iri da ƙungiyoyin da aka ware. Sau da yawa suna amfani da bayanan da ba daidai ba, tsoro-tsorata, da kuma zaɓe don lalata kariyar doka da yarda da zamantakewa ga ƙungiyoyin da aka yi niyya. [2]  ODI  ta bayyana ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin a matsayin "ƙasasshiyar haɗin gwiwar ƴan wasan kwaikwayo [waɗanda] sun yi nasarar dakile ci gaba da tauye haƙƙi da 'yanci," kuma waɗanda suke "tsari sosai kuma suna da cikakken tallafi idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyoyin haƙƙin ci gaba."[3]

Matan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun bayyana adawa da jinsi, matsalolin jinsi da ƙungiyoyin yancin maza a matsayin misalan ƙungiyoyin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙinsu a cikin 2024.[4][5]Sauran ƙungiyoyin da aka siffanta a matsayin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin ƙaura sun haɗa da ƙungiyoyin adawa da ƙabilanci.

## Manazarta