Masana’antar gishiri a Ghana

**Masana’antar Gishiri ta Ghana** daga shekara ta 2009 tana samar da tan 250,000 zuwa 300,000 na gishiri kowace shekara. Kwamitin bunkasa fitar da kayayyaki na kasar Ghana (GEPC) ya bayyana bangaren a matsayin muhimmin bangare don taimakawa fadada tattalin arzikin kasar ta Ghana, kuma a yanzu haka gwamnatin ta Ghana tana cikin shirin bunkasa masana'antar.

## Amfanin tattalin arziki
Ghana na da karfin samar da gishiri tan miliyan 2.2 a shekara. Masana tattalin arziki a Ghana sun yi amannar cewa masana'antar gishirin kasar na wakiltar wata hanyar samun kudaden shiga daga masu siyen Najeriya wadanda a yanzu suke dogaro da shigo da Brazil.

Hukumar ta GEPC ta bukaci sakatariyar kungiyar ta Commonwealth ta kafa wani tsari a Ghana domin daidaita ci gaban bangaren gishiri a kasar. A sakamakon haka, ƙungiyar masu ba da shawara sun gudanar da tambayoyi da yawa da taron karawa juna sani kuma sun gudanar da bincike kan kasuwa tare da dabaru da maƙasudin gaske. Yayinda masu ci gaba suka fahimci cewa Ghana ba zata taba zama jagora a duniya ba, masu iya magana sun yi imanin cewa bunkasar masana'antar gishiri a Ghana na da mahimmanci ga tattalin arziki da ci gaban tattalin arzikin Afirka gaba daya wajen samarwa. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da gishirin don yin kayayyakin kimiyyar wanda a yammacin Afirka ba zai iya yin sa ba. A cikin 2002, Ministan Ma'adinai, Kwadwo Adjei-Darko ya yi magana a wurin hakar gishiri a Mendskrom, kusa da shingen Weija, game da haɓaka samarwa a Ghana:

*"Bayan haka, yana da mahimmanci mu kara darajar gishiri muyi tunanin canza shi zuwa wasu kayayyakin sinadarai don ba mu damar haduwa da masu gasa na duniya kamar Brazil da Ostiraliya wadanda suka mamaye kasuwar Afirka ta Yamma. Karfinmu yana da ƙasa, wani lokacin bari mu haɗa da haɗin gwiwa, wanda zai zama maslaha ga ƙasa. Idan muka bunkasa masana'antun gishiri ta hanyar kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, zai iya zama babban kayan da ake fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje wanda zai kawo karin kudin kasashen waje ga Ghana, wanda hakan ma zai iya maye gurbin abin da Najeriya ke samu a cikin man fetur a yau."*

## Hakar
A Ghana, kamar a cikin ƙasashe da yawa, hanyar da aka fi amfani da ita wajen hakar gishiri, kasancewarta mafi tsada da fa'ida, ita ce ƙafewar rana, ta amfani da sinadarin brine daga cikin teku, kogin ruwa ko rijiyoyin ƙasa ko rijiyoyin burtsatse. Daya daga cikin masanan masana'antar gishiri ta Ghanan, mai suna Crown Sea Salt Limited, yana amfani da ƙarancin hasken rana na ruwan teku kuma a halin yanzu yana haɓakawa da gwada sabbin fasahohi don rage farashin samarwa da haɓaka ingantaccen samfurin. Pambros Salt Production Limited, babban mai samar da gishiri a yammacin Afirka (wanda ke samar da gishiri tan dubu 350 a Ghana da Senegal a 2002) suna da burin samun fa'ida ga tallafin gwamnati da saka hannun jari wajen haɓaka samarwa zuwa iya aiki.

## Tasirin muhalli
Noman gishiri na kasuwanci a Ghana ya haifar da damuwa game da tasiri a muhallin dausayi da kuma tasirin tsuntsayen ruwa a cikin tekunan da ke gabar teku. Ruwa-kwararar bakin ruwa da ke gabar tekun Ghana muhimmin mazauni ne don yin hunturu da tsuntsayen 'yan cirani na Palaearctic na Gabas ta Tsakiya da kuma hanyoyin jirgin ruwa na Bahar Rum wanda ya yi karo da yanayin samar da gishiri a cikin lagoon tun zamanin da. Samun gishiri mafi girma yana faruwa a lokacin rani na Nuwamba-Afrilu, wanda ke haɗuwa da lokacin rashin kiwo na ƙaura zuwa gabar teku. Karkashin shirin gwamnatin Ghana na bunkasa bangaren gishiri, ana kirkirar sabbin gishiri a kai a kai a gabar ruwan gabar teku wanda masana muhalli ke ganin cewa barazana ce ga rayuwar namun daji.

Ba a tantance tasirin tasirin gishiri kan tsuntsayen ruwa ba kamar na 2009. Kodayake kananan tafkunan da aka kirkira don samar da gishiri na iya samar da wuraren zama masu kyau ga tsuntsayen masu cin kifi, amma hakan ya rage yankin da ake amfani da shi ga tsuntsayen da ke cin abinci na musamman a kan dabbobi masu juyawa. Jaridar African Ornithology ta gudanar da binciken kwatancen a cikin gandun ruwa biyu na bakin ruwa wadanda aka bunkasa su a cikin gishirin gishiri da wasu biyu wadanda suma suna da gishirin amma basu da gishirin kuma kamar yadda aka tantance abubuwan da suka gano. Sun bayar da rahoto game da ingancin ruwan tekun, benthic macroinvertebrates da al'ummomin tsuntsayen ruwa wadanda ke alamta wadancan dausayi da aka samo daga samfuran da aka tattara tsakanin watan Satumban 2005 da Afrilu 2006.

Kodayake turbidity ya kasance mafi girma a cikin gishirin da ba gishirin ba, sauran sigogi masu amfani da sinadarai masu amfani da sinadarai da aka yi karatu ba su da bambanci sosai tsakanin nau'ikan dausayin biyu kuma ya ci darajar Sorensen Index na 0.88, yana nuna babban kamanci. Binciken ya nuna cewa tsuntsayen da ke cin abinci a kan nau'ikan nau'ikan abinci da yawa ba su nuna wani bambanci ba a cikin yawan yawan su don haka takaitaccen karatun da aka gudanar kan tasirin noman gishiri a rayuwar tsuntsaye ya zuwa yanzu bai nuna mummunar illa nan da nan ba.

## Nassoshi