Abebe Bikila

**''Shambel'' Abebe Bikila** an haife shi ranar 7 ga watan Agusta, 1932 - Oktoba 25, 1973), ya kasance ɗan wasan tseren gudun fanfalaki na Habasha wanda ya kasance zakaran gudun fanfalaki na baya-bayan nan. Shi ne ɗan ƙasar Habasha na farko da ya lashe lambar zinare a gasar Olympics, inda ya lashe lambar zinare ta farko da ta samu a Afirka a gasar Olympics ta bazara a shekarar 1960 da aka yi a birnin Rome a lokacin da yake gudu babu takalmi.   A gasar Olympics ta Tokyo a shekarar  ta 1964, ya ci lambar zinare ta biyu. Sannan kuma ya zama ɗan wasa na farko da ya samu nasarar kare kambun gudun fanfalaki na Olympics. A cikin nasara biyu, ya gudu a lokacin rikodin duniya.

An haife shi a Shewa, Abebe ya ƙaura zuwa Addis Ababa a shekara ta 1952 kuma ya shiga runduna ta 5 ta rundunar sojan daular Habasha, wani fitaccen rukunin sojojin da ke kare sarkin Habasha . Ya shiga aikin soja kafin wasan motsa jiki, ya kai matsayin  (kaftin). Abebe ya halarci gasar gudun fanfalaki goma sha shida. Ya zama na biyu a tseren gudun fanfalaki na farko a Addis Ababa, ya lashe wasu tsere goma sha biyu, kuma ya kare na biyar a tseren gudun fanfalaki na Boston a shekarar 1963. A cikin watan Yulin  1967, ya sami na farko na raunin ƙafa da dama da suka shafi wasanni wanda ya hana shi kammala tserensa na biyu na ƙarshe. Abebe ya kasance majagaba a tseren nesa . Mamo Wolde, Juma Ikangaa, Tegla Loroupe, Paul Tergat, da Haile Gebrselassie - duk waɗanda suka sami lambar yabo ta Abebe Bikila na New York - su ne kaɗan daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka bi sahunsa don kafa gabashin Afirka a matsayin ƙarfi na dogon lokaci. - gudun tsere.

A ranar 22 ga watan Maris,  shekarar 1969, Abebe ya shanye saboda hatsarin mota. Ya sake samun motsi na sama, amma bai sake tafiya ba. A lokacin da yake jinya a Ingila, Abebe ya fafata a wasan harbin bindiga da wasan ƙwallon tebur a gasar Stoke Mandeville a London a shekarar 1970. Waɗancan wasannin sun kasance farkon wanda ya riga ya fara wasannin nakasassu . Ya yi takara a cikin wasanni biyu a gasar shekarar 1971 na nakasassu a Norway kuma ya lashe gasar tseren tseren ƙasa. Abebe ya mutu yana da shekaru 41 a ranar 25 ga watan Oktoba, shekarar 1973, sakamakon bugun jini na kwakwalwa da ya shafi haɗarinsa shekaru huɗu da suka gabata. Ya samu jana'izar ƙasa, kuma Sarkin sarakuna Haile Selassie ya ayyana ranar makoki na ƙasa . Makarantu da dama da wuraren taro da abubuwan da suka haɗa da filin wasa na Abebe Bikila da ke Addis Ababa, ana kiran sunan sa. Shi ne batun tarihin rayuwa da kuma fina-finai da ke tattara bayanan aikinsa na guje-guje, kuma galibi ana nuna shi a cikin wallafe-wallafe game da tseren gudun fanfalaƙi da na Olympics.

## Tarihin Rayuwa

### Rayuwar farko

An haifi Abebe Bikila ne a ranar 7 ga watan Agusta, shekarar 1932, a ƙaramar unguwar Jato, a lokacin a gundumar Selale ta Shewa .  Ranar haihuwar sa ta zo daidai da gasar tseren guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle ta Los Angeles ta shekarar 1932 .  Abebe ɗa ne ga Wudinesh Beneberu da mijinta na biyu, Demissie.  A lokacin Yaƙin Italo-Habasha na Biyu  a shekarar (1935–1937), an tilasta wa danginsa ƙaura zuwa wani gari mai nisa na Gorro.  A lokacin, Wudinesh ta rabu da mahaifin Abebe kuma ta auri Temtime Kefelew. Iyalin daga ƙarshe sun koma Jato (ko kusa da Jirru ), inda suke da gona.

Lokacin yana yaro, Abebe ya buga gena, wasan hockey na al'ada na dogon lokaci da ake yi da turakun raga a wasu lokutan kilomita.  A cikin shekarar 1952, ya shiga cikin Rejimenti na 5 Infantry Regiment of the Imperial Guard bayan ya koma Addis Ababa shekarar da ta gabata.  A tsakiyar shekarar 1950, Abebe ya yi gudun  daga tsaunin Sululta zuwa Addis Ababa da dawowa kowace rana.  Onni Niskanen, wani kocin Sweden da gwamnatin Habasha ta yi aiki don horar da ’yan sandan Imperial, ba da daɗewa ba ya lura da shi kuma ya fara horar da shi a tseren gudun fanfalaƙi.  A shekarar 1956 Abebe ya zo na biyu bayan Wami Biratu a gasar sojojin ƙasar Habasha .  A cewar masanin tarihin Tim Juda, shigarsa a gasar Olympics "aikin da aka tsara na dogon lokaci" ba yanke shawara na ƙarshe ba, kamar yadda ake tunani. 

Abebe yana da shekaru 27 a duniya lokacin da  ya auri  Wolde-Giorgis mai shekaru 15 a ranar 16 ga watan Maris, shekarar 1960  na rayuwarsa. 
File:Abebe Bikila 1960 Olympics.jpg|alt=Filin jagoran marathon na Olympics na 1960, kusa da  mark|Abebe (#11), bin Bertie Messitt (#58), Bakir Benaïssa, Arthur Keily (#46), Aurèle Vandendriessche (#36), and Rhadi Ben Abdesselam (#185)
File:Abebe Bikila sprints away from Rhadi Ben Abdesselam.jpg|alt=Abebe yana jagorantar Rhadi ben Abdesselam a bayansa|Tashi daga ben Abdesselam
File:Abebe Bikila maratona olimpica Roma 1960.jpg|alt=Abebe ya tsallaka layin karshe, ba takalmi ba tare da daga hannu ba, wani jami’in dan kasar Italiya ne a baya tare da cincirindon ’yan kallo a bayan shinge | Ketare layin karshe.
File:Abebe Bikila triumphant 1960.jpg|alt=Abebe ya daga sama sama da taron jama'a a cikin biki|Biki a wajen Colosseum


## Duba kuma

* Habasha a gasar Olympics
* Jerin sunayen 'yan wasan da suka fafata a wasannin nakasassu da na Olympics
* Marathon duniya rikodin ci gaba
* Wasanni a Habasha

## Manazarta

## Sources