Majalisar Matasan Indiya ta Kasa

**Majalisar Matasan Indiya ta Kasa** (**NIYC**) ita ce ta biyu mafi tsufa a kungiyar Indiyawan Amurka a Amurka tare da mambobi sama da 15,000. Ita ce ƙungiya ta biyu mai zaman kanta ta ɗalibai, kuma ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin asali na farko da suka yi amfani da zanga-zangar kai tsaye a matsayin hanyar bin burinta. A cikin shekarun 1960, NIYC ta yi aiki da farko a matsayin kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama. Ya kasance mai aiki sosai a cikin motsi don adana haƙƙin kamun kifi na kabilanci a Arewa maso Yamma.

A cikin shekarun 1970s NIYC ta mayar da hankali kan damuwa game da muhalli kuma ta taimaka wa kabilun da ke fama da mummunar tasirin gurɓata daga hakar kwal da hakar uranium. NIYC na neman inganta ilimin jama'a da horar da aiki ga 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka, ilimantar da jama'a game da batutuwan su, inganta' yancin addini, da haɓaka shiga siyasa.

## Tarihi
**Majalisar Matasan Indiya ta Kasa (NIYC) ** an kafa ta ne a cikin 1961 ta matasa Indiyawan Amurka waɗanda ke cikin kwaleji ko kuma sun kammala karatun kwanan nan. NIYC ta samo asali ne daga bambance-bambance tsakanin masu halarta a taron Indiyawan Amurka na Chicago a 1961 lokacin da wasu matasa Indiyawan Amurka, 'yan kalilan da suka saba da su yayin da suke shiga Majalisar Matasan Indiya ta Kudu maso Yamma, sun yi takaici da shugabannin kabilun. :53-54. Bayan sauraron ra'ayoyin da ƙungiyar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ta gabatar a taron, matasa sun fara bayyana ra'ayoyi masu banbanci. Wannan rukuni, gami da Clyde Warrior (Ponca) da Mel Thom (Walker River Paiute), sun kira kansu Majalisar Matasan Taron Chicago na ɗan lokaci.:57. Daga baya a cikin shekarar, bayan da taron bazara na wannan lokacin ya ƙare, ƙungiyar da ta fara a matsayin Majalisar Matasan Taron Chicago ta haɗu a New Mexico">Gallup, New Mexico,  inda suka kafa Majalisar Matasan Indiya ta Kasa.[5] NIYC ita ce ta biyu mafi tsufa a kungiyar Indiya kuma an rinjaye ta kuma ta haɗa ta da Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama.

Sauran mambobin NIYC sun hada da Robert V. Dumont Jr. da Faith Smith, wadanda ke da hannu a cikin ayyukan siyasa da ilimin sakandare. Yayinda suke aiki a Cibiyar Indiyawan Amurka ta Chicago (AIC), sun taimaka wajen kafa Kwamitin 'yan asalin Amurka (NAC). A cikin shekarun 1970s, NAC za ta sami Makarantar Little Big Horn a cikin 1971 tare da hadin gwiwar Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago don magance bukatun ɗaliban makarantar sakandare na 'yan asalin Amurka a cikin birni, sannan a cikin 1973 shirin O-Wai-Ya-Wa don ɗaliban matakin firamare. A shekara ta 1974, Smith, Dumont, NAC, da sauransu sun kafa Kwalejin Ilimi ta 'yan asalin Amurka (NAES College), cibiyar farko ta birane ta ilimi mafi girma da' yan asalin Amurka ke gudanarwa da kuma hidima. Smith ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kwalejin har zuwa shekara ta 2004.

## Manufofin
Manufar NIYC ita ce kare yarjejeniyar Indiya, farauta, da haƙƙin kamun kifi. Mel Thom ya kirkiro ka'idoji masu zuwa wanda aka samo ra'ayoyi da yawa kuma aka yi amfani da su a cikin gabatarwar kundin tsarin mulkin NIYC.

Bayan kafa NIYC, kungiyar ta yanke shawarar yin gwagwarmaya don haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka a cikin sabon hanya kuma ta yi amfani da mataki kai tsaye don magance matsaloli. Ayyuka kai tsaye sun haɗa da kifi da zanga-zangar zanga-zanga. Wannan ya yi wahayi zuwa ga wasu kungiyoyi don yin haka, kamar su American Indian Movement.

### Littattafai
A cikin 1963, NIYC ta fara buga wata takarda ta kowane wata mai taken ABC: Amirkawa Kafin Columbus . Wannan shi ne bugawa ta farko ta ƙungiyar Red Power. Jaridar ta kasance daya daga cikin manyan maganganun tunani na Indiya. A shekara ta 1962, fiye da majalisun kabilun 180 sun yi rajista.

## Lokacin Red Power

### Kifi-Kama
Da zaran mazauna suka fara isa yankin Kogin Columbia, sun fara kalubalantar kabilun Indiya game da kamun kifi. A cikin shekarun 1800, kabilun yanki da yawa sun ba da ƙasa mai yawa ga gwamnatin tarayya kuma sun koma wuraren ajiya, amma yarjejeniyarsu ta kare kifi da farauta na gargajiya, duka dangane da samun damar zuwa yankuna da kuma hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su. Muckleshoot, Puyallup, Nisqually, da sauran kabilun Pacific Northwest sun sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Point Elliot da Yarjejeniyar Medicine Creek da ke da alaƙa da waɗannan batutuwan. :">&#x3A;&#x200A;185&#x200A;">&#x3A;&#x200A;184&#x200A; Amma, bayan WWII, mazaunan yankin sun fara fahimtar cewa gurɓataccen yanayi, katako, da karuwar yawan jama'a suna shafar salmon runs. : Matakan kiyayewa 185 nan da nan sun fara, amma kabilun suna so su kula da halayensu na kamun kifi, wanda bai canza ba har tsawon tsararraki. Wasanni da masunta na kasuwanci sun yi tunanin cewa ya kamata kabilun su bi dokokin jihar da ka'idoji kamar yadda suka yi. : 186 Majalisar 'yan wasa ta Jihar Washington ta goyi bayan fararen masunta kuma ta goyi bayyane ga kokarin kiyayewa.

#### Hanyar Yarjejeniyar da ta Rushe
NIYC na ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyi da yawa waɗanda suka shiga cikin ƙetare-ƙetare Trail of Broken Treaties Caravan, wanda Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka (AIM) ta shirya. Hanyar Yarjejeniyar da aka karya ta faru ne daga Nuwamba 3 har zuwa Nuwamba 9, 1972. Ya fara ne a matsayin motar motoci daga wurare daban-daban a Amurka da ke da niyyar isa Washington, DC. Ya ƙare tare da zama na mako-mako na Ofishin Harkokin Indiya na hedkwatar Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida. Manufar Trail of Broken Treaties ita ce samun kyakkyawar kulawa ta kafofin watsa labarai don gina goyon baya ga ikon mallakar kabilanci da kuma ƙaddamar da kai. Yana daya daga cikin lokuta na farko da Indiyawa na Amurka suka haɗu tare.

## Manazarta