Terence Davies

**Terence Davies** (10 Nuwamba 1945 - 7 Oktoba 2023) fitaccen mai shirya fina-finai ne na Ingila. An fi saninsa a matsayin marubuci kuma darektan fina-finan tarihin rayuwa, ciki har da *Distant Voices, Still Lives* (1988), *The Long Day Closes* (1992) da kuma fim ɗin Collage *Of Time and the City* (2008), da kuma gyare-gyaren *adabi The Neon Bible* (1995), *The House of Mirth* (2000), *The Deep Blue Sea* (2011) da *Sunset Song* (2015). Fina-finansa guda biyu na ƙarshe sun mayar da hankali ne kan rayuwar fitattun mutane masu tasiri a fannin adabi, Emily Dickinson a cikin *A Quiet Passion* (2016) da Siegfried Sassoon a cikin *Benediction* (2021). Wasu masu suka sun ɗauki Davies a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan daraktocin Burtaniya na lokacinsa. 

## Rayuwa da aiki

### Shekarun farko da ilimi
An haifi Terence Davies a Kensington, Liverpool, a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba, 1945,  a matsayin ƙarami cikin 'ya'ya goma na iyayen Katolika masu aiki.  Duk da cewa mahaifiyarsa mai tsananin addini ce ta rene shi Katolika, yana da shekaru 22 ya ƙi addini kuma ya ɗauki kansa a matsayin wanda bai yarda da Allah ba.   Mahaifin Davies, wanda Davies ya tuna da shi a matsayin "mai tabin hankali", ya mutu sakamakon cutar kansa lokacin da Davies yake da shekaru bakwai. Ya tuna lokacin daga lokacin har zuwa lokacin da ya shiga makarantar sakandare, yana da shekaru 11, a matsayin shekaru huɗu mafi farin ciki a rayuwarsa. 

Bayan ya bar makaranta yana da shekaru 16, Davies ya yi aiki na tsawon shekaru goma a matsayin ma'aikacin ofishin jigilar kaya da kuma akawu mara cancanta, kafin ya bar Liverpool a shekarar 1971 don halartar Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta Coventry .

### Fina-finan farko masu gajeru
A lokacin da yake Coventry, Davies ya rubuta fim ɗin da ya zama fim ɗinsa na farko mai suna " *Children"* (1976), wanda aka ɗauka a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Hukumar Samar da Fina-finai ta BFI .  Bayan wannan gabatarwar yin fim, Davies ya halarci Makarantar Fina-finai ta Ƙasa, inda ya kammala *Madonna and Child* (1980), ci gaba da labarin alter ego ɗinsa, Robert Tucker, wanda ya shafi shekarunsa a matsayin magatakarda a Liverpool. Ya kammala fim ɗin *"Death and Transfiguration* " (1983), inda yake yin hasashe game da yanayin mutuwarsa. An ci gaba da nuna waɗannan ayyukan tare a bukukuwan fina-finai a faɗin Turai da Arewacin Amurka a matsayin *"The Terence Davies Trilogy"*, inda ya lashe kyaututtuka da yawa. Davies, wanda ɗan luwaɗi ne, ya yi ta bincike kan jigogi na 'yan luwaɗi a fina-finansa.  

### Fina-finan farko masu fitowa
Fina-finai biyu na farko na Davies, *Distant Voices, Still Lives* da *The Long Day Closes*, fina-finai ne na tarihin rayuwa da aka shirya a Liverpool a shekarun 1940 da 1950. A cikin bitar *Distant Voices, Still Lives*, Jonathan Rosenbaum ya rubuta cewa "shekaru daga yanzu, lokacin da kusan duk sauran sabbin fina-finai da ake nunawa a yanzu an daɗe ana mantawa da su, za a tuna da su kuma a daraja su a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun fina-finan Ingilishi".  A shekara ta 2002, masu sukar *Sight and Sound* sun sanya *Distant Voices, Still Lives* a matsayin fim na tara mafi kyau a cikin shekaru 25 da suka gabata.  Jean-Luc Godard, wanda galibi yake watsi da sinima na Burtaniya gabaɗaya, ya ware *Distant Voices, Still Lives* a matsayin banda, yana kiransa "mai ban mamaki". J. Hoberman ya kuma yaba wa *The Long Day Closes* a matsayin "aikin Davies mafi tarihin rayuwa kuma cikakke". 

Fina-finai biyu na gaba na Davies, *The Neon Bible* da *The House of Mirth*, sun haɗa da gyaran littattafan John Kennedy Toole da Edith Wharton bi da bi. *House of Mirth* ya sami kyakkyawan sharhi, inda aka *sanya* shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fina-finai goma mafi kyau na 2000. Gillian Anderson ta lashe Mafi Kyawun Aiki a Zaɓen Masu Sukar Fina-finan *Ƙauye* na Biyu na Shekara-shekara, kuma an sanya fim ɗin a matsayin fim mafi kyau na uku na 2000 a cikin wannan zaɓen. 

### Ayyukan rediyo da ''Na Lokaci da Birni''
Bayan kammala littafin *The House of Mirth*, Davies ya yi niyyar yin wani sabon salo na *Sunset Song*, wani littafi na Lewis Grassic Gibbon da aka buga a shekarar 1932, a matsayin fim na biyar da ya fito, amma tallafin kuɗi ya yi wahala. Masu goyon bayan Scotland da na ƙasashen waje sun bar aikin bayan da BBC, Channel 4 da Majalisar Fina-finai ta Burtaniya suka ƙi amincewa da shawarwarin kuɗi na ƙarshe. Davies ya yi la'akari da Kirsten Dunst a matsayin jagora kafin a dage aikin.  Bayan haka, ya rubuta wani fim na barkwanci na soyayya na asali da kuma wani sabon salo na littafin laifuka na Ed McBain *mai suna He Who Hesitates*, wanda ba a samar da ɗayansu ba. 

#### MANAZARTA