Zahra Khanom Tadj es-Saltaneh

**Zahra Khanom** ko **Taj al-Saltaneh** (1884 – 25 Janairu 1936; Persian   ) wanda kuma aka fi sani da gimbiya Qajar, gimbiya ce ta daular Qajar, wacce aka fi sani da mata, mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata kuma mai tarihi. Ita ce 'yar Naser al-Din Shah, Sarkin Farisa daga shekarar alif 1848 zuwa watan Mayu shekarata alif 1896. Ita ce soyayyar Yousef Abdu Aref Qazvini wanda ya rubuta mata wakarsa *Fe eh ya Qajar* .

## Rayuwa
A cikin tarihinta, ta bayyana yadda ta taso a cikin gidan sarauta, ta yin amfani da cikakkun bayanai game da dokokin kotu game da samun ma'aikatan jinya da bayi a matsayin buɗaɗɗen sukar al'ummar Qajar da kuma iyakokin da matan Farisa suka fuskanta. Ta bayyana fahimtarta game da nasarar makirci da kashe mahaifinta a 1896.

Ta yi aure tana shekara 13 ga Sardar Hassan Shojah al-Saltaneh, wani basarake kuma dan ministan tsaro Shojah al-Saltaneh. Sun haifi 'ya'ya hudu. Taj ta rabu da mijinta, ta karya doka kuma ta zama ɗaya daga cikin matan farko a gidan sarauta da aka saki.

Ta yi cikakken bayani game da radadin aurenta tana da shekara takwas da kuma lalacewar da aka yi mata. Ta ba da hujja mai ma'ana game da lulluɓi a matsayin lahani ga rayuwar iyali da al'ummar Farisa gabaɗaya. Labarin ya kuma hada da radadin da mijinta ke yi na rashin aure da kuma zabin zubar da ciki saboda tsoron mutuwa a lokacin haihuwa. 

A shekarunta na baya, ta sadaukar da rayuwarta wajen rubuce-rubuce da karatu da kuma renon jikarta masoyiya Taj Iran, wadda suke da alaka ta musamman da ta yi tasiri matuka wajen tarbiyyar ta. Ta zauna da diyarta Tooran al-Dowleh har ta rasu.

### Majagaba
Marubuciya ce, mai zane-zane, haziƙi, kuma ƴar fafutuka da ke karbar bakuncin wuraren shakatawa na adabi a gidanta sau ɗaya a mako. Ta iya harshen Larabci da Faransanci kuma tana buga violin. Ita ce mace ta farko a kotu da ta cire hijabi ta sanya kayan kasashen yamma. Wanda ya fara rubuta tarihin tarihi da kuma mai sukar masarauta a karkashin mahaifinta Naser al-Din Shah da kuma dan'uwansa Mozaffar ad-Din Shah . Ta dora alhakin yawancin matsalolin Iran a wancan lokacin, da suka hada da talauci, rashin ilimi ga talakawa da 'yancin mata, a kan sarakunan da ba su iya aiki ba. Muryarta ita kaɗai ce muryar mace mai fafutukar kawo sauyi da dimokuradiyya.

### Ƙaunar mata

Taj al-Saltaneh ta kasance mai bin hakkin mata a Iran kuma mai ra'ayin mata . Ta kasance fitacciyar memba a kungiyar kare hakkin mata ta Iran ta karkashin kasa *Anjoman Horriyyat Nsevan* ko *Kungiyar 'Yancin Mata* (Society of Women's Freedom), tana aiki don daidaita hakki ga mata kusan 1910. Ta shirya a asirce tare da halartar tarurrukan kare hakkin mata na karkashin kasa tana shaida wa ‘ya’yanta da jikokinta cewa tana halartar taron addini. Ta taba jagorantar gangamin 'yancin mata zuwa majalisa kuma ta kasance mai goyon bayan juyin juya halin tsarin mulkin Iran .

## Memoirs
An buga tarihin tarihinta a ƙarƙashin taken *Crowing Anguish: Memoirs of a Persian Princess from the Harem to Modernity 1884 – 1914* (1996), wanda Abbas Amanat ya shirya da gabatarwa kuma Anna Vanzan da Amin Neshati suka fassara. An karɓe su da kyau, *Ƙarin Adabin Labarai na Times* yana kwatanta su kamar haka: "A cikin ɗan sabon salo kuma mai ban sha'awa, tarihin Taj, wanda aka rubuta a cikin 1914, ya rufe tsawon shekaru talatin na zamani mai saurin canzawa [. . . Haɗe-haɗe mai ban sha'awa na sake ginawa da tunani, Taj al Saltaneh's memoirs ya kawo gida mai tsanani rikice-rikice na rayuwa straddling haram da zamani." (Maris 4, 1994) Binciken Nesta Ramazaini a cikin *Jarida ta Gabas ta Tsakiya* ya yaba da yadda littafin ya bayyana a sarari game da rayuwar yau da kullun da rigingimun siyasa a Qajar Haram. 

Rubutun nata da aka rubuta da hannu ya kasance ba a buga shi ba har zuwa shekaru 60 bayan rasuwarta, kuma a halin yanzu tana cikin rumbun adana kayan tarihi na National Library na Iran.

## Legacy
An binne ta a makabartar Zahir od-Dowleh da ke Tajrish . Rayuwarta da rubuce-rubucenta da rawar da ta taka a matsayinta na ƙwararrun mata wani batu ne na karatun Gabas ta Tsakiya a jami'o'i daga Jami'ar Tehran zuwa Harvard . A cikin 2015 Harvard ta samu daga zuriyarta hotunan danginsu, rubuce-rubuce, labarai da labarai game da rayuwar Taj al-Saltaneh don tarihin tarihinta.

## Duba kuma

* Farnaz Fasihi

## Gallery

File:Taj al-Saltaneh.jpg|Taj al-Saltaneh, kwanan wata ba a sani ba
File:Tadj es-Saltaneh, Naser al-Din shah's daughter.jpg|Taj al-Saltaneh a matsayin budurwa
File:Taj saltaneh.jpg|thumb|Taj al-Saltaneh a cikin kuruciyarta


## Nassoshi

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## Kara karantawa

*  
* Mahdavi, Shireen. ''Taj al-Saltaneh, an Emancipated Qajar Princess''. Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 23, No. 2 (Apr., 1987), pp.&nbsp;188–193.
* Najmabadi, Afsaneh. ''Tāj-al-Salṭana''. Encyclopædia Iranica.

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Takaitaccen tarihin yunkurin mata a Iran 1850 - 2001 (parstimes.com)
* Duniyar Mata a Qajar Iran (qajarwomen.org, Jami'ar Harvard)
* Prinzessin qajar  (tunlog.com)