Shirin The graphene Flagship

**The graphene Flagship** wani shiri ne na bincike na kimiyya na Tarayyar Turai. Tare da kasafin kuɗi na Yuro biliyan 1, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan shirye-shiryen da aka shirya ta shirin Future and Emerging Technologies, tare da Human Brain Project da Quantum Technologies Flagship. Ta hanyar hadin gwiwar masana'antu da masana'antu,  kokarin bincike yana ƙoƙari ya bunkasa fasahar da ke fitowa daga bincike na asali zuwa samarwa da haɗin tsarin, ta amfani da kaddarorin musamman na graphene.  Akwai wasu masu sukar wannan da makamantansu, suna jayayya cewa kudade na bincike da kirkire-kirkire masu alaƙa da graphene ba su dace da kimantawa na yiwuwar masana'antu ba. Koyaya, masu ba da shawara ga Graphene Flagship sun lura da fa'idodin shirin, bincike mai zurfi, da kuma yiwuwar graphene don haɓaka kirkire-kirkire da ci gaban tattalin arziki a fadin bangarori da wuraren sha'awa ciki har da bincike da kiwon lafiya, sufuri, aminci na ruwa, ingancin makamashi, batir da ci gaban semiconductor, kayan lantarki, sadarwa na dijital, dorewa da muhalli, da binciken sararin samaniya.

## Tarihi
A shekara ta 2009, Hukumar Tarayyar Turai ta gano bukatar Turai ta magance manyan kalubalen kimiyya da fasaha na shekarun ta hanyar kokarin R&D na dogon lokaci. Ɗaya daga cikin tutar farko ta Turai ta gaba da Fasahar Fasahar (FET), an kafa Graphene Flagship a watan Oktoba 2013. Da farko an aiwatar da shi a matsayin Shirin Tsarin Bakwai a karkashin Babban Darakta na Hukumar Tarayyar Turai don Cibiyoyin Sadarwa, Abun ciki da Fasaha (DG Connect). Kungiyar yanzu ta fada karkashin tsarin bincike da kirkire-kirkire na FP7, Horizon 2020. 

## Shirye-shiryen
Jami'ar Fasaha ta Chalmers ce ke tsara Graphene Flagship, wacce ke zaune a Gothenburg, Sweden. Darakta na aikin shine Jari Kinaret, shugaban ƙungiyar Condensed Matter Theory a Sashen Chalmers" na Physics;  mataimakin darektan shi ne Patrik Johansson,  farfesa na bincike a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Chalmers.  Gudanar da aiki yana ƙarƙashin Darakta da Kwamitin Gudanarwa wanda Jami'in Kimiyya da Fasaha, Andrea C. Ferrari  daga Jami'ar Cambridge, kuma ya haɗa da Darakta Flagship, Shugaban Innovation da Shugabannin Sashen biyar. Kwamitin zartarwa ne ke yanke shawara na dabarun wanda ya hada da mambobin kwamitin gudanarwa da mambobi goma da Majalisar Dattijai ta zaba na dukkan abokan hulɗa 150.

Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na dabarun (SAC) ya ƙunshi masana kimiyya da masana'antu, gami da masu karɓar kyautar Nobel guda uku. Matsayinta shine ba da shawara kan yanke shawara na bincike da batutuwan da suka shafi sarrafawa da kare dukiyar ilimi yayin da yake sauƙaƙe lambobin sadarwa ga shirye-shiryen bincike na ƙasa da na duniya da kuma aiki a matsayin jakadu na Graphene Flagship. Shugaban Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta dabarun shine Andre Geim, Jami'ar Manchester, Manchester, Burtaniya. An raba Graphene Flagship zuwa kunshin aiki 19, 15 suna mai da hankali kan takamaiman batutuwa na kimiyya da fasaha, da hudu da aka sadaukar da su ga kirkire-kirkire da ayyukan aiki / gudanarwa. Ana rarraba kunshin aiki zuwa kashi shida don inganta haɗin gwiwa da sadarwa. Ɗaya daga cikin Rarraba shine gidajen ayyukan haɗin gwiwa. Aikin yana saka hannun jari kashi ɗaya bisa uku na kudadensa a cikin Ayyukan Spearhead 11, da nufin kara matakin shirye-shiryen fasaha (TRL) na fasahar fasahar graphene.

## Kudin
An raba Graphene Flagship zuwa matakai biyu daban-daban: wani mataki na watanni 30 a karkashin Shirin Tsarin 7 (Oktoba 1, 2013 - Maris 31, 2016) tare da jimlar kudaden Hukumar Tarayyar Turai na Yuro miliyan 54,  da kuma matakin daidaitawa a karkashin Shiri na Horizon 2020 tare da kudaden Hukumar Turai da ake tsammani na Yuro Miliyan 50 a kowace shekara. A lokacin FP7 an aiwatar da flagship a matsayin haɗuwa da kayan aiki guda biyu, aikin hadin gwiwa, daidaitawa da tallafi (CP-CSA), da kuma Cibiyar Nazarin Yankin Turai (ERANET +), yayin da a cikin H2020 ana aiwatar da flaghip a matsayin kayan aiki guda. A cikin FP7, EC ce ta ba da kuɗin CP-CSA bisa ga tsarin kuɗi na FP7, kuma EC da ƙungiyoyin tallafin kuɗi na membobin sun ba da kuɗin ERANET + tare. A cikin H2020, ana tallafawa kayan aiki guda ɗaya tare da EC da kasashe membobin.

## Tasirin
A cikin shekaru 9 da suka gabata, Graphene Flagship ya sami nasarar kawo graphene daga dakin gwaje-gwaje, yana haifar da tsarin halittu na masana'antu na Turai wanda ke haɓaka aikace-aikace ta amfani da graphene da kayan aiki. A farkon, abokan aikin sun kasance mafi yawan ilimi. Koyaya, Graphene Flagship yanzu ya haɗa da kamfanoni sama da 100 da ke aiki tare da abokan hulɗa na Graphene flagship a fannoni daga masana'antun motoci da na jirgin sama zuwa lantarki, makamashi, sinadarai da biomedicine. Adadin kamfanoni ya karu daga 15 kawai a lokacin ƙaddamar da Graphene Flagship zuwa kusan kashi 50% na ƙungiyar a yau. A cikin ƙoƙarinsa na ci gaba da mayar da hankali ga aikace-aikacen masana'antu, Graphene Flagship ya ƙaddamar da 2D Experimental Pilot Line wanda shine farkon foundry (fasali don aiwatar da graphene cikin siffofi) don haɗa graphene da kayan da suka danganci su cikin dandamali na semiconductor.

The Graphene Flagship ya tabbatar da ingantawa, tallafawa da isar da kimiyya mai kyau. A cikin rahoton shekara-shekara na 2021, sun ba da rahoton cewa a lokacin bugawa, an buga binciken bincike na kimiyya 5,000 tare da kusan ambaton 200,000, kuma an ba da aikace-aikacen patent 302.

Dangane da aikace-aikace, masu bincike sun nuna yiwuwar graphene a wurare da yawa. Kazalika da kasancewa mafi ƙanƙanta, mafi ƙarfi, kuma mafi sauƙi da aka sani, graphene yana da sassauci, mai hana kwayoyin ruwa kuma yana da ƙarfin lantarki da zafi. Wannan yana nufin cewa daga cikin aikace-aikacensa, ana amfani da shi don haɓaka tsarin lantarki na gaba da tsarin sadarwa na gani; don fitar da ci gaba a cikin sel na hasken rana, batir, super capacitors, ajiyar hydrogen da sel na man fetur, da ci gaban birni mai ɗorewa; don shirya hanya don samfuran kiwon lafiya gami da isar magunguna da biosensors; da kuma inganta injiniyoyin jirgin sama, jirgin sama, da binciken sararin samaniya na mutum  .

## Manazarta