Thérèse Matter

Thérèse Cécile Jeanne Matter (22 Disamba 1887 29 ga Mayu 1975)   ta kasance tare da kafa kuma mataimakiyar darakta a asibitin Ambroise-Paré da makarantar jinya da ke Lille, Faransa. Yad Vashem ya ayyana ta a matsayin mai adalci a tsakanin al'ummai a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba 1990 saboda taimakawa wajen kare Yahudawa maza, mata, da yara daga korar su zuwa sansanonin tsare mutane na Nazi a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu . 

## Shekarun da aka kafa
An haifi Thérèse Cécile Jeanne Matter a ranar 22 ga Disamba, 1887 a Rouen, Faransa, kuma ita ce babbar 'yar Etienne Matter (1859-1934), injiniyan Strasbourg, da kuma Cécile Besselèvre (1865-1893). 

Thérèse Matter ta yi karatu a Bordeaux a makarantar jinya ta Cibiyar Lafiya ta Protestant, wadda Anna Hamilton (1864-1935) ke jagoranta. 

## Kafa asibitin Ambroise-Paré da makarantar jinya
Bayan ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Matter da sauran 'yan uwanta uku da suka kammala karatun aikin jinya, Alice Bianquis, Eva Durrleman, da Madeleine Rives, sun haɗu don ƙaddamar da sabuwar makarantar aikin jinya da asibiti a arewacin Faransa. Fasto Henri Nick na Fives-Lille ne ya taimaka musu, wanda ya ba da shawarar gine-gine uku masu dacewa a kan Rue Saint-Maur (daga baya Émile Zola) a Lille. Bayan sun sami kuɗin siyan waɗannan gine-ginen, Durrleman da Matter sun buɗe asibitin Ambroise-Paré da makarantar aikin jinya, kuma suka fara ba da horo ga mata matasa a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba 1923. Yayin da shigar asibiti da shigar makarantar aikin jinya ke ƙaruwa, waɗanda suka kafa tare, waɗanda suka ci gaba da kula da cibiyoyin cocin Protestant bayan auren Bianquis da Rives, daga baya suka ɗauki Léa Ménard da Hélène Lavignotte aiki don taimakawa wajen gudanar da harkokin gudanarwa. A ranar 18 ga Nuwamba 1933, shirin aikin jinya mai nasara ya koma makarantar kwana ga ɗaliban aikin jinya. [1]

## Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu
Bayan mamayar da sojojin Nazi suka yi wa Luxembourg da Belgium a farkon watan Mayun 1940, da kuma harin bam da jiragen saman Jamus suka kai kan layin jirgin ƙasa a Lambersart, wani yanki na Lille, inda Matter, Durrleman, da abokan aikinsu ke ci gaba da gudanar da asibitin Ambroise-Paré da makarantar jinya, sojojin Jamus sun yi wa Lille kawanya daga ranar 27 ga Mayu  har zuwa 1 ga Yuni. Bayan wani hari da aka kai wa sojojin Faransa da Birtaniya da ke yammacin kogin Deûle ta hanyar rundunonin tankunan panzer guda uku,  sojojin Faransa da Birtaniya sun tilasta musu janyewa, lamarin da ya bar kimanin sojojin Senegal dubu ɗaya da kuma wasu sojoji kaɗan don kare Lille. Suna ƙoƙarin yin tsayin daka a wurare da dama a cikin birnin da kuma kusa da shi, ciki har da Rue de Solférino, Rue Nationale, Haute-Deûle, da Citadel na Lille, daga ƙarshe aka tilasta wa masu zanga-zangar mika wuya. A ranar 1 ga Yuni, an yi tattaki zuwa Place du Général-de-Gaulle (wanda aka fi sani da Grand'Place), inda hedikwatar sojojin Jamus take.  

Bayan shekaru biyu kacal, a ranar 11 ga Satumba, 1942, Matter da Durrleman sun shiga cikin shirin ceto Yahudawa lokacin da 'yan sandan Faransa, tare da haɗin gwiwar hukumomin Nazi, suka fara tattara Yahudawa maza, mata da yara daga Lille da yankunan da ke kewaye. An kai su tashar jirgin ƙasa da ke Five-Lille, an shirya a kai su sansanonin tsarewa. Daga cikin waɗanda aka kama akwai Fanny Baran, ɗanta Maurice mai shekaru goma, da jaririnta Michel mai watanni huɗu, waɗanda aka ɗauke su daga gidansu da ke lamba 52 Rue de la Vignette. An ceto babban ɗan Baran jim kaɗan bayan haka lokacin da Georgette Vandenabaele-Franchois, mai aikin Baran mai shekaru goma sha shida, ta sami taimakon ma'aikatan layin dogo na Lille wajen cire Maurice Baran daga yankin da ake tsare da shi bayan ta sanar da masu gadi cewa ta isa don kai wa iyalin tufafi.   

A halin yanzu, Durrleman da Matter sun yi aiki don ceto Michel Baran. Matter, wacce ke jin Jamusanci, ta sami damar samun jaririn ta hanyar shawo kan masu gadin Nazi cewa ita da Durrleman ma'aikatan jinya ne na Jamus da aka aika don duba jaririn. An tilasta musu su yi ta ziyartar Fanny Baran akai-akai domin su shawo kanta ta bar su su ceci rayuwar jaririnta, sun fahimci cewa ƙara zargin masu gadin yana jefa su cikin haɗari, kuma daga ƙarshe suka aika wata ma'aikaciyar jinya mai jin Jamusanci, France Neubert, don ta fito da jaririn daga tashar.   

Daga baya an tura Fanny Baran zuwa sansanin fursunoni. (An tura mijinta, Abraham Baran, a baya yayin da yake ƙoƙarin tsallakawa zuwa yankin kudancin Faransa don neman mafaka ga matarsa da 'ya'yansa maza.  

Saboda haka, Vandenabaele-Franchois ta kai Maurice gidan iyayenta, Marcel da Madeleine Franchois, inda ya zauna har zuwa 1945. Durrleman ya ɗauki nauyin Michel, kuma ya kula da shi har zuwa 1946.  

## Manazarta