Theodora Cowan

**Theodora Esther Cowan (Theo)** (1868-1949) ƴar wasan Ostiraliya n'ce, wanda ake ɗaukarta a matsayin mace ta farko da aka haifa a Ostiraliya.    Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin adadin mata masu sassaƙa waɗanda ke aiki a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19. 

Baya ga kasancewa na farko da aka haifa a Ostiraliya, Cowan (tare da Margaret Baskerville ) yana cikin na farko don samun nasara, musamman don aikin hotonta.   

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Cowan a Richmond Villa a The Domain, Sydney  kuma ya fara horo a Sydney a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Sydney tare da Lucien Henry kafin ta koma Italiya a 1889 tare da iyayenta,  inda ta zauna tsawon shekaru shida.  Ta yi karatu a Florence a Academy of Fine Arts karkashin Longworth Powers   da Augusto Rivalta, inda ta "sami dabarar fasaharta".  Cowan ya kasance daya daga cikin matasa masu zane-zane na Australiya, ciki har da Bertram Mackennal, wanda ya tafi Turai don yin karatu a farkon shekarun 20th. 

A Italiya Cowan ya sadu da fitattun mutane irin su Pietro Mascagni, Ouida  da kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka Harriet Hosmer .  A cikin 1895, Cowan ya koma Sydney  kuma ya kafa ɗakin studio a cikin Strand Arcade. Ta gano akwai kyamar mata masu sassaka kuma ta bayyana cewa tana "matsayin majagaba". 

Cowan ta yi tafiya zuwa London a 1901, ya kafa ɗakin studio a Grosvenor Street, kuma ya sadu da muhimman masu fasaha irin su Holman Hunt, wanda ya ziyarce ta.  Ta sake komawa Sydney a 1913 kuma ta yi aiki daga Darlinghurst .  A Ostiraliya, biyu daga cikin "mafi kyawun abokanta" sune Lord Hampden, Gwamna, da George Reid, Firayim Minista, wanda Cowan ya bayyana a matsayin "ba a cike da wannan rashin amincewar gida a cikin aikin mata ba". 

A cikin shekarar 1902, sunan Cowan ya bayyana a cikin jerin sunayen da suka haɗa da Nellie Melba, Ada Crossley, Rosa Campbell Praed, Kathleen Mannington Caffyn, Louise Mack, Mary Gaunt da Ellis Rowan a cikin wani labarin da aka kwatanta mai suna "Fitattun Matan Australiya". 

Lokacin da Cowan ya mutu a wani asibiti mai zaman kansa a Vaucluse a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta shekarar 1949, adireshinta shine *Osiris* 84 Berry Street, Arewacin Sydney .  Ƙimar sahihanci akan dukiyarta £5047. 

## Sana'a

An kammala aikin farko na Cowan a Italiya. Wani abin tunawa ne ga Miss Pearson, ma'aikaciyar agaji ta Red Cross wacce ta kafa asibiti mai zaman kansa na farko a London " kuma an gina shi a makabartar San Miniato al Monte .  An gayyace ta don gabatar da ma'auni don ƙungiyoyi masu sassaka da aka tsara da za a kafa a kan Gine-ginen Sarauniya Victoria amma tsarinta na "zane-zanen mata guda uku da aka zana tare da rigar makamai", aikin da aka kwatanta da "mafi dacewa idan na al'ada"  bai yi nasara ba, kuma an ba da hukumar ga William Priestly MacIntosh .  A cikin shekara ta 1897 Cowan ta kasance dan wasan karshe a cikin shekara ta farko na Wynne Prize  da kuma a cikin 1925.  Bayan ta koma Sydney a 1913, Cowan ta yi aiki a kan kwamitocin don kungiyoyi daban-daban irin su Gwamnatin New South Wales, Chamber of Manufacturers da kuma karamin bust na Dr.   A Sydney, ta kasance mai gabatarwa na yau da kullum a Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙungiyoyin da ta kasance memba na Majalisar daga 1897-98,  kuma memba mai aiki na Ƙungiyar Matan Mata.   Ta zama mai sha'awar zanen launi na ruwa kuma a rayuwarta ta ƙarshe "ta koma ga yin zane da nisantar sassaka". 

## Ayyuka
Cowan ta kammala faifan hotuna da dama na fitattun mutane, ciki har da wanda ya nuna girman kai a baje kolin nata na mata ɗaya a London's Grafton Galleries, na Bishop na London, Arthur Winnington-Ingram . A cewar Bishop ya zauna a gare shi a Fulham Palace .  Sauran sanannun, sanannun batutuwa sun haɗa da Sir Gilbert Parker,   Sir Edmund Barton (Firayim Minista na Australia na farko), Sir Henry Parkes, da cikakken tsayin mutum-mutumi na Mrs. Brown-Potter.   Ana wakilta aikinta a cikin tarin Art Gallery na New South Wales   da Gidan Majalisa, Canberra .

Bust na Eccleston du Faur (Shugaban kwamitin amintattu na Art Gallery na uku)  shine kwamiti na farko na Gallery ga mai zanen Sydney.   "Bayan an kammala aikin bust din marmara na Eccleston du Faur, an yi tambayoyi a majalisar game da dalilin da ya sa aka kaddamar da bus din da kuma dalilin da ya sa aka baiwa mace hukumar." 

Hoton nata na Eliezer Levi Montefiore (Shugaban Amintattun Gallery daga 1889 zuwa 1892)  an tantance shi kamar yadda yake nuna mata "bazara a matsayin mai hoto".  An sassaka shi a cikin 1898.  A cikin 1902 a Landan an ba ta kwamiti don bust a marmara na Masanin ilimin Masari Flinders Petrie, wanda jikan mai binciken Matthew Flinders ne . 

## Kyauta

* 1899 – Baje kolin bazara na Ƙungiyar Artists (yana nuna bust ɗin Sir Edmund Barton) 
* A cikin 1900, ta kasance a Landan inda ta gudanar da nunin solo mai nasara a Grafton Gallery 
* 1907 – Nunin Ayyuka na Landan ta Matan Mawaƙa (Kyautar Farko)
* 1908 - Nunin Franco-British (lambun zinari na *Will-o-the-Wisp* - mafi kyawun yanki na hoton yara) 

## Manazarta

## Kara karantawa

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## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Theodora Esther Cowan a cikin *ƙamus na Mawakan Australiya akan layi*