Sabelo Phama

**Sabelo Phama** [an haife shi **Sabelo Gqwetha**] (31 Maris 1949 - 9 Fabrairu 1994) ya kasance mai fafutukar siyasa, Kwamandan Sojojin 'Yancin Jama'ar Azanian APLA kuma Sakataren Tsaro na Pan African Congress PAC . 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Sabelo Phama a Gabashin Cape, Mthatha, Afirka ta Kudu . An haife shi a Baziya, wani yanki na karkara a wajen Mthatha . Shi ɗan Cyril Thozama Gqwetha ne da Thembani (Nee Mlambo) Gqwethaa .Mafi yawan lokacin yarinta ya kasance tare da kakanninsa wadanda suka kasance malamai ta hanyar sana'a. Sabelo ya fara karatun firamare a makarantar Baziya Mission yana da shekaru shida a shekarar 1955. Sabelo yana hulɗa da shugabannin PAC na karkashin kasa a lokacin da yake da shekaru 12 da 13, kuma yana matsawa kan reshe da shugabannin tantanin halitta don zuwa Lesotho don samun ka'idar juyin juya hali. Dangane da rundunar aiki ta PAC na farkon shekarun 1960, ranar da aka yi niyya ta 1963 don babban hari da 'yanci ta kasance cikin motsin rai da kuma tsattsauran ra'ayi ga matasa "Africanist".  

Ya kammala karatun firamare da sakandare a Elliot da Cala, bi da bi. An ƙi shi kuma an kore shi, a cikin 1959 da 1967, a Kwalejin St John, a Umthatha . Ya yi karatu don takardar shaidarsa a sabuwar makarantar sakandare ta Ngangelizwe a Umthatha . Bayan kammala karatunsa na makarantar sakandare, Sabelo ya tafi aiki na shekara guda sannan daga baya zuwa jami'a.A shekara ta 1970 ya yi aiki kuma ya yi karatu na ɗan lokaci a Jami'ar Witwatersrand, inda kawunsa na baya, Sipho Gqweta, ke aiki a sashen Botany.  

Daga 1971 zuwa 1973 ya yi karatu don digiri na farko a Jami'ar Fort Hare, Alice, inda ya taimaka wajen tsara tsarin PAC a harabar. Sabelo Phama ta ji daɗin karatun falsafar, hanyar da wasu suka ɗauka da wahala. Ya kasance memba mai aiki na zartarwa na rugby wanda ya jagoranci kafa Kungiyar Rugby ta Afirka ta Kudu mai ci gaba a sassa da yawa na kasar. An kore shi a watan Satumbar 1973 saboda shiga cikin yajin aikin dalibi.  

## Ayyuka
Bayan korarsa daga Fort Hare, ya yi aiki a matsayin magatakarda a sashen ciki a Umthatha . Yayinda yake aiki, ya shiga Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu don kammala babban shirinsa na digiri. Bayan ya biya laccoci da littattafai ya sami wasika yana sanar da shi cewa an dakatar da shi daga karatu a kowane jami'a a SA na tsawon shekaru biyu. Yana karkashin sa ido na 'yan sanda na tsaro akai-akai. A cikin shekara guda a shekara ta 1974, ya yi murabus daga sashen cikin gida kuma ya yi aiki ga TDC Wholesalers a Thembalethu . An nada Sabelo a matsayin mai kula da yankin PAC. Sabelo ya yi tafiya sau da yawa zuwa Transvaal, Natal da Botswana

### Hare-haren da aka kai wa fararen hula a 1993
A shekara ta 1993, a matsayin babban kwamandan APLA, Phama ya bayyana cewa "zai yi amfani da bindigoginsa ga yara "don cutar da fararen fata inda ya fi cutar da su".  Phama ya ayyana 1993 a matsayin "Shekarar Babban Guguwa" kuma ya ba da izinin hare-haren kan fararen hula, gami da:

* King William's Town Golf Club a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba 1992, inda aka kashe hudu.
* Kisan kiyashi na Saint James Church a Kenilworth a ranar 25 ga Yuli 1993, inda aka kashe mutane 11 yayin hidimar coci.
* Kisan kiyashi na Heidelberg Tavern a Observatory a ranar 31 ga Disamba 1993, inda aka kashe hudu.
* Mdantsane a ranar 11 ga Maris 1994, ya kashe 'Yan Iran uku. APLA ta dauki alhakin hare-haren, tana mai cewa: "An harbe maza don nuna cewa babu wani rawar da ya taka a sabuwar Afirka ta Kudu ga kowane ɗayan tseren da ya kirkiro wariyar launin fata ko kuma ya danne baƙar fata".

A cikin jimlar an karɓi aikace-aikace talatin da biyu don kai hari kan fararen hula. A cikin waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru, mutane 24 sun mutu kuma 122 sun ji rauni sosai.

Hukumar Gaskiya da Sulhu a halin yanzu ta zargi cewa matakin da PAC ta amince da shi ga fararen 'yan Afirka ta Kudu sun kasance "babban keta haƙƙin ɗan adam wanda ake gudanar da jagorancin PAC da APLA a matsayin masu alhakin ɗabi'a da siyasa da kuma lissafi".

## Mutuwa
A ranar 9 ga Fabrairu 1994, Phama ya mutu a hadarin mota a Morogoro, kimanin kilomita 200 a yammacin Dar es Salaam a Tanzania, yayin da yake kan hanyar zuwa Afirka ta Kudu ta hanyar Zimbabwe. Motar da yake tafiya a ciki an ruwaito ta buge wata babbar mota, nan take ta kashe Phama. An gudanar da jana'izarsa a gidansa Baziya . Iyayensa, matarsa Dudu, da 'ya'ya maza biyu sun mutu. 

## Manazarta