Vera Atkins

**Vera May Atkins** CBE (15 Yuni 1908 - 24 Yuni 2000)  ta kasance jami'in leken asiri na Burtaniya wanda aka haifa a Romania wanda ya kasance Mataimakin Darakta na Sashen Faransa (Sashen F) na Babban Jami'in Ayyuka na Musamman (SOE) daga 1941 zuwa 1945 a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu .

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Atkins **Vera May Rosenberg** a Galaci, Masarautar Romania, ga Max Rosenberg (d. 1932), mahaifin Jamusanci-Yahudawa, da matarsa ta Burtaniya-Yahuda, Zefra Hilda, wacce aka fi sani da Hilda (d. 1947).   Tana da 'yan'uwa maza biyu.

Atkins ta halarci Sorbonne a Paris don nazarin harsunan zamani da makarantar kammala karatu a Lausanne, inda ta ba da sha'awarta ga tseren kankara, kafin horo a kwalejin sakatare a London.[1] Mahaifin Atkins, wani attajiri ne a kan Danube Delta, ya fadi a 1932 kuma ya mutu shekara guda bayan haka. Atkins ta kasance tare da mahaifiyarta a Romania har sai da ta yi hijira zuwa Burtaniya a 1937, wani yunkuri da aka yi don mayar da martani ga halin da ake ciki na siyasa a nahiyar Turai. Q

Yayinda take Romania, Atkins ta san jami'an diflomasiyya da yawa wadanda suka kasance mambobi ne na leken asirin Burtaniya, wasu daga cikinsu daga baya sun goyi bayan aikace-aikacen ta na zama dan kasa na Burtaniya, kuma saboda ra'ayoyinta masu karfi na Birtaniya da iyalinta, tana iya ba da bayanai a matsayin "mai ƙarfi".[1] Atkins ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai fassara da wakilin kamfanin mai.

Sunan mahaifiyarta "Atkins" shine sunan budurwar mahaifiyarta kuma kanta sigar Anglicised ce ta asali "Etkins", wanda ta karɓa a matsayin nata. Ta kasance dan uwan Rudolf Vrba . 

Atkins ya shiga aikin ne kafin yakin daga mai leken asiri na Kanada Sir William Stephenson na Hukumar Tsaro ta Burtaniya. Ya aiko ta kan ayyukan bincike a duk faɗin Turai don samar da Winston Churchill (sa'an nan a cikin 'yan gudun hijira na siyasa') tare da leken asiri game da karuwar barazanar Nazi Jamus.

## Ayyuka na farko na Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu
Atkins' first mission was to get Poland's cryptologists Marian Rejewski, Jerzy Różycki, and Henryk Zygalski out of the country. The trio were part of the Polish Cipher Bureau that broke Germany's Enigma ciphers from 1932 on, using Enigma-machine reconstructions. In July 1939, they had provided French and British cryptologists information on their decrypting techniques and the special-purpose equipment they had invented. Atkins was a member of the British military mission (MM-4), alongside Colin Gubbins, which arrived in Poland posing as civilians, by way of Greece and Romania, six days before the outbreak of the Second World War. 

A cikin bazara na 1940, kafin ta shiga SOE, Atkins ta yi tafiya zuwa Low Countries don samar da kuɗi don cin hanci ga wani jami'in Abwehr, Hans Fillie, don fasfo ga dan uwanta, Fritz, don tserewa daga Romania. Atkins ya makale a cikin Netherlands lokacin da Jamusawa suka mamaye a ranar 10 ga Mayu 1940, kuma, bayan ya shiga ɓoye, ya sami damar komawa Burtaniya a ƙarshen 1940 tare da taimakon cibiyar juriya ta Belgium. An ɓoye wannan kuma ya bayyana ne kawai bayan mutuwarta lokacin da mai ba da labarinta, Sarah Helm, ya gano wasu masu makoki a jana'izar Atkins.

Atkins ya ba da kansa a matsayin mai kula da Air Raid Precautions a Chelsea a lokacin da ya yi aiki ga SOE. A wannan lokacin ta zauna a Nell Gwynn House a Sloane Avenue a Chelsea .

## Babban Jami'in Ayyuka na Musamman (SOE)
Kodayake ba dan kasar Burtaniya ba ne, a watan Fabrairun 1941 Atkins ya shiga sashen Faransanci na Babban Jami'in Ayyuka na Musamman a matsayin sakatare. Ba da daɗewa ba aka sanya ta mataimakiyar shugaban sashen Colonel Maurice Buckmaster, kuma ta zama jami'in leken asiri na de facto. Atkins ta yi aiki a matsayin farar hula har zuwa watan Agustan 1944, lokacin da aka ba ta izini a matsayin Jami'in Jirgin Sama a cikin Sojojin Sama na Mata (WAAF).  A watan Fabrairun 1944, Atkins ya zama ɗan ƙasar Burtaniya. Daga baya aka nada ta jami'in leken asiri na Sashen F (F-Int).

Babban rawar da Atkins ya taka a SOE ita ce daukar ma'aikata da tura jami'an Burtaniya a Faransa da aka mamaye. Har ila yau, tana da alhakin mata 39 jami'an SOE waɗanda suka yi aiki a matsayin masu aikawa da masu aiki mara waya don da'irori daban-daban da SOE ta kafa. Atkins zai kula da "gidan gida" da ke da alaƙa da jami'an, kamar bincika tufafinsu da takardu don tabbatar da cewa sun dace da aikin, aika wasikun anodyne da aka riga aka rubuta a lokuta na yau da kullun, suna aiki a matsayin mai hulɗa na SOE tare da iyalansu, da kuma tabbatar da cewa suna karɓar albashinsu. 

## Rikici
Rikici ya kasance a wasu da'irori game da yadda kuma dalilin da ya sa ba a karɓi alamun cewa ɗayan manyan hanyoyin leken asiri na sashen F ba, kuma Buckmaster da Atkins sun kasa fitar da jami'an da ke cikin haɗari. Maimakon haka, sun aika da wasu da yawa. Wani mai aiki da rediyo na da'irar Prosper, Gilbert Norman ("Archambaud"), ya aika da saƙo ya watsar da *Binciken tsaro na gaskiya* - kuskure da gangan. Atkins, an yi zargin, ya yi sakaci wajen barin Buckmaster ya sake maimaita kurakuransa a kan kudin rayukan jami'an, ciki har da 27 da aka kama a sauka wanda daga baya Jamusawa suka kashe.

Sarah Helm ta ba da shawarar cewa Atkins, wanda har yanzu yana da dangi a Turai da ke zaune a Nazi, na iya kasancewa mai karewa game da sa hannu tare da Abwehr a cikin ceton dan uwanta na 1940 Fritz Rosenberg, wani abu da ta ɓoye daga SOE. Bugu da ƙari, a matsayin ɗan Romania wanda bai riga ya sami ɗan ƙasa na Burtaniya ba, Atkins ya kasance abokin gaba ne bisa doka kuma mai rauni sosai. Ko ta yaya gaskiya, Buckmaster shine babban jami'in Atkins, kuma saboda haka yana da alhakin gudanar da jami'an SOE na Faransa, kuma ta kasance farar hula kuma ba ma dan kasar Burtaniya ba har zuwa Fabrairu 1944. Buckmaster ne ya aika da amsar saƙon da ake zaton Norman ya aiko yana gaya masa, kuma ta haka ne ainihin ma'aikacin Jamus, cewa ya manta da binciken "gaskiya" kuma ya tuna da shi a nan gaba.

A ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1943, F-Section ta karɓi saƙo daga "Jacques", wani wakili a Berne, yana ba da bayani daga "Sonja" cewa "Madeleine" da wasu biyu sun sami "matsananciyar hatsari kuma suna asibiti" - lambar don hukumomin Jamus suka kama su. "Jacques" ya kasance mai aiki da rediyo na SOE, Jacques Weil na da'irar Juggler, wanda ya tsere zuwa Switzerland, "Sonja" ita ce budurwarsa, Sonia Olschanezky, wacce har yanzu ke aiki a Paris, kuma "Madeleine" ita ce Noor Inayat Khan, mai aiki mara waya na da'urar Cinema. Buckmaster bai yi amfani da wannan cikakken bayani ba, watakila saboda "Sonja" wakili ne da ba a san shi ba, kuma F-Sashe ya ci gaba da la'akari da saƙonnin "Madeleine" a matsayin gaskiya na watanni da yawa bayan kama Noor. Babu wata shaida cewa Atkins ta san wannan sakon, kuma kamar yadda daga baya ta yi kuskuren gane Sonia a matsayin Noor saboda ba ta san tsohon jami'in SOE ba ne, alhakin yin watsi da sadarwa ta Sonia da ci gaba da aika wakilai zuwa da'irar Prosper da ƙananan da ke cikin Paris, da kuma kama su kuma sau da yawa mutuwa, dole ne su yi tare da Buckmaster ba Atkins ba, kamar yadda yake tare da batun "Archambaud" a sama.

Ba sai bayan karshen yakin ba ne Atkins ya koyi game da kusan nasarar da Jamusawa suka samu a 1943 wajen lalata cibiyoyin sadarwa na SOE a cikin Low Countries ta hanyar kunna Inglandspiel ("wasan Ingila"), wanda aka kama masu aikin rediyo kuma suka tilasta su ba da lambobin su da "bluffs", don jami'an leken asiri na Jamus (Abwehr a cikin Netherlands; Sicherheitsdienst (SD) a Faransa) su iya yin kama da jami'an kuma su sake buga su da  a London. Saboda wasu dalilai, ba a sanar da Buckmaster da Atkins game da rushewar da'irori a cikin Netherlands (Sashe na T) da Belgium (Sashe ya T) ba saboda kamawa da sarrafa masu aiki mara waya ta Abwehr.

Wannan na iya zama sakamakon rikice-rikice tsakanin sassan ko sabis, ko kuma kawai rashin iyawa na ma'aikata, amma gazawar shugabanninsu su gaya wa Sashen F a hukumance game da waɗannan sauran bala'o'in SOE (ko da yake jita-jita game da Sashen N da T da aka rarraba a Baker Street) na iya haifar da Buckmaster da Atkins su kasance masu dogaro da tsaron hanyoyin sadarwar su kuma suna shirye su yi watsi da alamun da suka yi tambaya ga amincewar su ga asalin mai ba da mara waya.

An ba da shawarar cewa himma na Atkins a gano jami'an da suka ɓace a ƙarshen yaƙin ya motsa shi ne saboda jin laifi game da aika mutane da yawa zuwa mutuwar da za a iya gujewa. Hakanan yana yiwuwa cewa ta ji aikinta ne don gano abin da ya faru da maza da mata, kowannensu ya san shi da kansa, wanda ya mutu yana aiki da SOE F Section a cikin mafi haɗari.

A ƙarshe, abin da ya haifar da cikakkiyar rushewar da'irar Prosper na Francis Suttill da babbar hanyar sadarwar ta, ba kurakurai ba ne a London, amma ayyukan Henri Déricourt ("Gilbert"), jami'in saukowa na F a Faransa, wanda ke cikin zuciyar ayyukanta, kuma wanda ke ba da asirin SOE ga SD a Paris. Abin da ba a bayyana shi ba shi ne ko Déricourt ya kasance, kamar yadda ya fi dacewa, kawai mai cin amana, ko kuma, kamar yadda yake da'awar, yana aiki ne ga Ofishin leken asiri na sirri () (wanda ba a san SOE ba) a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin yaudara mai rikitarwa a cikin gudu zuwa D-Day. Koyaya, babu shakka cewa Déricourt ya kasance aƙalla wakili biyu, kuma ya ba da, da farko abokinsa, Karl Boemelburg, shugaban SD a Faransa, sannan Kieffer, tare da adadi mai yawa na rubuce-rubuce da bayanan sirri game da ayyukan F da ma'aikata, wanda a ƙarshe ya haifar da kamawa, azabtarwa da kisa na yawancin jami'an Burtaniya.

Sakamakon M.R.D. Foot a cikin tarihinsa na Sashen F shine cewa kurakurai da Atkins, Buckmaster da sauran jami'an London suka yi sune samfurori na "fog of war", cewa babu wani makirci a bayan waɗannan gazawar, kuma mutane kalilan ne masu laifi. Sakamakon Sara Helm shine cewa kurakurai sun kasance ne saboda "mummunar rashin iyawa da kurakurai masu ban tsoro".

Atkins bai taba yarda da yin kuskure ba, kuma ya yi ƙoƙari sosai don ɓoye kurakurai, kamar yadda yake a cikin asalinsa na Noor Inayat Khan, maimakon (wanda Atkins bai sani ba) Sonia Olschanezky, a matsayin mace ta huɗu da aka kashe a Natzweiler-Struthof a ranar 6 ga Yuli 1944. Lalle ne, Atkins bai taba sanar da dangin Sonia cewa Sonia ta mutu a Natzweiler ba, kodayake daga baya ta yi zanga-zanga game da shawarar kwamitin shirya bikin tunawa da SOE a Valençay na kada ta hada da sunan Sonia saboda ita wakili ce ta gida kuma ba wanda aka aiko daga Ingila ba.

### Manazarta