open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Dorothea Krook-Gilead

**Dorothea Krook-Gilead** (Ibraniyawa; 11 Fabrairu 1920 d. 13 Nuwamba 1989) masanin wallafe-wallafen Isra'ila ne, mai fassara, kuma farfesa a fannin wallafe-walfinai na Turanci a Jami'ar Cambridge, Jami'ar Ibrananci ta Urushalima da Jami'ar Tel Aviv .

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Krook a Riga, Latvia kuma ya koma Afirka ta Kudu yana da shekaru takwas. Ta sami digiri a cikin wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi a Jami'ar Cape Town . A shekara ta 1946 an ba ta tallafin karatu a Kwalejin Newnham, a Jami'ar Cambridge, inda ta sami Ph.D. kuma ta shafe shekaru 14 a matsayin mai bincike da mataimakin malami. Daga cikin ɗalibanta akwai mawaki Sylvia Plath, [1] wanda ya rubuta cewa Krook ita ce manufa ta mace mai cin nasara da kuma mutum mai ban mamaki. Yayinda take Newnham, Krook ta buga babban aikinta na farko, Hadisai Uku na Tunanin Ɗabi'a .

A shekara ta 1960, ta yi hijira zuwa Isra'ila kuma ta fara koyarwa a Jami'ar Ibrananci ta Urushalima a Sashen Littattafan Ingilishi . 

Krook ya auri mawaki Zerubavel Gilad a shekarar 1968 kuma ya zama memba na Kibbutz Ein Harod . Ta fassara yawancin waƙoƙinsa zuwa Turanci.

Krook ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba 1989.

## Kyaututtuka da girmamawa

* A shekara ta 1973, an ba Krook lambar yabo ta Isra'ila a fannin bil'adama.
* A shekara ta 1974, ta zama memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya da Humanities ta Isra'ila .

## Ayyukan da aka buga

* Hadisai uku na tunanin ɗabi'a New York, Cambridge University Press, 1959
* Ordeal of Consciousness a cikin Henry James Cambridge, Ingila 1962
* *Abubuwan bala'i* Yale University Press, 1969
* John Sergeant da da'irar sa: nazarin 'yan Aristotelians na Ingila na ƙarni na goma sha bakwai (tare da Beverly C. Southgate) E.J. Brill, 1993

## Manazarta
Ruth Kark

**Ruth Kark** (Ibraniyawa; an haife ta a shekara ta 1941) masanin tarihin Isra'ila ne kuma farfesa a fannin ilimin ƙasa a Jami'ar Ibrananci ta Urushalima . Farfesa Kark sanannen mai bincike ne kuma gwani a fannin tarihin tarihin Falasdinu da Isra'ila. Kark ita ce lambar yabo ta Isra'ila ta 2025 a fagen binciken ƙasa da ilimin ƙasar Isra'ila.

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Ruth Kark (née Kleiner) a Herzliya a cikin 1941 ga Shoshana Moczan da Avraham Kleiner .

Kark ta kammala B.A. a Jami'ar Ibrananci ta Urushalima a shekarar 1964, an ba ta MA a shekarar 1972 kuma ta sami digirin digirin digirinta a shekarar 1977, ta zama mace ta farko da ta fara karatun ilimin ƙasa ta Isra'ila tare da PhD kuma ta fara binciken tarihin tarihi a Falasdinu da ƙasar Isra'ila. 

*  

### Rayuwa ta mutum
Ruth Kark ta auri Jeremy David Kark, tare da ita tana da 'ya'ya uku.

## Ayyukan ilimi
Kark ya rubuta kuma ya shirya littattafai 30 kuma ya buga labarai sama da 250 da aka sake dubawa game da tarihi da tarihin tarihin Falasdinu da Ƙasar Isra'ila. An san Kark da aikinta a kan tarihin tarihi a Ƙasar Isra'ila a ƙarni na 19 da farkon ƙarni na 20, ci gaban tsoffin birane da sababbin birane a yankin (ciki har da Urushalima, Jaffa, da sauransu), manufofi zuwa Ƙasar Mai Tsarki, sayen ƙasa a yankin, da sauransu. Bugu da ƙari, ta wallafa ayyuka game da mata da 'yan tsiraru, 'yan kasuwa na Sepharadic, da kuma mallakar ƙasa a cikin al'adun gargajiya da na zamani a Gabas ta Tsakiya. Kark sau da yawa ana kawo shi cikin sauraron kotu a Isra'ila a matsayin gwani kan takaddamar ƙasa (kamar tsakanin majami'u daban-daban), kuma a matsayin masanin kimiyya tare da suna a fagen mallakar ƙasa a Isra'ilawa.

## Kyaututtuka da karbuwa
Farfesa Kark ya sami tallafin karatu da kyaututtuka da yawa. Wadannan sun hada da lambar yabo ta Bankin Urushalima, tallafin Fulbright (Amurka-Isra'ila), da sauransu daban-daban. A shekara ta 2009, Kark da marubucin Joseph Glass sun sami lambar yabo don bincikensu game da ci gaban banki a Ottoman Palestine . 

A cikin 2013, an ba Kark kyautar Yakir Yerushalayim (Lambar Urushalima) saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga birnin Urushalima .  A shekara ta 2014, ta sami lambar yabo ta Herzl saboda bincikenta game da sulhu a ƙasar Isra'ila, kuma a shekara ta 2016 an ba ta lambar yabo ta ƙwarewa daga Ƙungiyar Yanayin Isra'ila.

A cikin 2025, an ba Kark babbar lambar yabo ta Isra'ila a fagen binciken ƙasa da ilimin ƙasar Isra'ila. [1] Kwamitin kyautar ya yaba da Kark ta "cikakken, asali, da kuma gudummawa ta musamman".[2][1] Kark ita ce mace ta farko da aka ba da kyautar a fannin Geography. An kuma yaba wa Kark game da sadaukarwarta don ganowa da kuma nuna rawar da mata ke takawa a cikin sulhu da al'umma a yankin.[2] Wannan ya haɗa da aikinta a kan Yahudawa, Kirista, Musulmi Larabawa [3] da Bedouin [4] mata da gudummawarsu.[5][6]

## Manazarta
Lea Koenig

**Lea Koenig** (ko **Lia Koenig**; Ibrananci: ליא קניג; an haife ta Kami Leaen; 30 Nuwamba 1929) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Isra'ila,  wanda ake kira *Uwargidan Shugaban gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Isra'ila*. 

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Lea Koenig a shekara ta 1929 a Łódź, Poland, ga dangin Yahudawa masu zaman kansu na zuriyar Yahudawa na Ashkenazi. Iyayenta sun kasance 'yan wasan Yiddish Dina da Józef Kamień . [1] Ta yi yarinta a Poland, sannan a Tashkent, a Jamhuriyar Socialist Soviet ta Uzbek . An kashe mahaifinta a cikin Holocaust . A ƙarshen shekarun 1940, Lea Koenig tare da mahaifiyarta sun yi hijira zuwa Romania, inda ta fara karatu a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Kasa a Bucharest kuma ta fara aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Yahudawa.[2] A shekara ta 1961, ya yi hijira zuwa Isra'ila.

Da farko yana yin wasan kwaikwayo a Ibrananci, Koenig yana yin wasan kwaikwayon a Isra'ila da kuma ko'ina cikin duniya kuma a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Yiddish. Tana magana da Turanci, Ibrananci, Jamusanci, Polish, Romanian, Rasha da Yiddish.

## Kyaututtuka da girmamawa

* A shekara ta 1987, an ba Koenig lambar yabo ta Isra'ila don yin wasan kwaikwayo.
* Dukansu Jami'ar Tel Aviv da Jami'ar Bar-Ilan sun ba ta Dokta na girmamawa.
* A shekara ta 2012 ta sami lambar yabo ta EMET don fasaha da al'adu

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin masu karɓar kyautar Isra'ila

## Manazarta
Ângela Viegas Santiago

**Ângela Viegas Santiago** 'yar siyasar Sao Toméan ce. Ta riƙe muƙamin ministar noma ta ƙasar sannan ta riƙe muƙamin ministar kuɗi daga shekarar 2008 zuwa 2010.

## Rayuwa
Viegas 'yar ƙasar Sao Tome ce. Ta yi karatun tattalin arziki kuma ta je Portugal don yin digirinta na uku a fannin ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Lisbon. 

Ta yi aiki a Bankin Duniya, kuma a matsayinta na mai ba da shawara. Ta yi aiki tsawon shekaru da dama kan batutuwan da suka shafi kuɗi da manufofin gwamnati. 

Viegas ta kasance Ministar Noma da Raya Karkara ta ƙasarta har zuwa ranar 22 ga watan Yunin 2008.  lokacin da ta zama Ministar Kuɗi a ƙarƙashin Firayim Minista Joaquim Rafael Branco. A ranar 11 ga watan Oktoba, 2008, a matsayinta na ministar kuɗi ta ƙasarta, ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Kamfanin Kuɗi na Duniya (IFC) a madadin Sao Tome da Principe a Washington DC. 

A watan Fabrairun 2010, ta sanya hannu kan wasiƙun niyya da Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya don ɗaukar nauyin sharuɗɗan da za su ba ƙasarta damar samun ƙarin tallafin kuɗi. 

A shekarar 2015, ta zama babbar mai ba da shawara kan tattalin arziki (mai ba da shawara) a Babban Bankin São Tomé da Príncipe (BCSTP).  A shekarar da ta biyo baya, ta kare harshen Faransanci tana magana a Jami'ar Sao Tome da Principe,  inda ta kasance Farfesa wacce ke kula da digirin jami'ar a fannin Kimiyyar Tattalin Arzikin Kasuwanci. 

A cikin shekarar 2002 ta buga littafinta, *Os desafios do desenvolvimento socioeconómico nos microestados insulares*, a cikin Portuguese, wanda ya kalli ƙalubalen da ke fuskantar ƙananan ƙasashe.

## Manazarta
Hanna Hertsyk

**Hanna Hertsyk** (ta mutu a kusan 1752   ), wacce aka fi sani da **Anna d'Orlik** , ita ce matar Hetman ɗan ƙasar Ukraine Pylyp Orlyk, Hetman ɗan ƙasar Ukraine (r. 1708–1742).   An san ta da goyon bayan mijinta a yaƙin neman 'yancin kai na Ukraine a lokacin Babban Yaƙin Arewa, da kuma ɗaukar alhakin harkokin mijinta a lokacin ayyukan diflomasiyya a Turai. Ta haɗu da shi a gudun hijira kuma ta zauna a Sweden a 1709–21, a lokacin ta yi wa wasu sarakunan Turai wasiƙu don tallafawa manufar mijinta. Ita 'yar Pavlo Semenovych Hertsyk ce . 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Hanna Hertsyk 'yar Pavlo Hertsyk ce, wani Kanar na Poltavan kuma Janar Osavul, da matarsa Iryna Yablons'ka. &#x5B; ** &#x5D; .  'Yan Koftocin Ukraine ne na asalin Yahudawan Ashkenazi da aka mayar Kiristoci. 

A shekara ta 1698, ta auri Pylyp Orlyk, shugaban gwamnati (magatakarda), mai ba da shawara kan harkokin tsaro *(lit.* scarient) na rundunar sojojin Poltava. Wannan auren ya taimaka wa aikin Orlyk: ta hanyar aure, Hanna ta kawo masa ƙauyuka a yankunan Starodub, Chernihiv da Poltava, wanda hakan ya ba shi damar zama babban attajiri.

Ta goyi bayan ra'ayin siyasa na mijinta game da rabuwa da Tsardom na Muscovy . Bayan juyin mulkin Mazepa a kan Peter I a 1708 da kuma kayar da Swedes da Ukraine a Yaƙin Poltava a 1709, an tilasta wa Orlyks, tare da Mazepa da Zaporozian starshyna, yin ƙaura. A lokacin da take gudun hijira, an zaɓe ta Hetman bayan mutuwar Mazepa. Anna ta riga ta haifi 'ya'ya maza uku a 1711, ɗaya daga cikinsu ɗan sarkin Sweden Charles XII (Yakiv), ɗayan kuma - Ivan Mazepa ( Hryhor ).

A lokacin da suke gudun hijira, Hanna ce ta ɗauki mafi yawan nauyin yaran (iyalinsu sun kai bakwai a yanzu) yayin da Pylyp ya yi tafiya a faɗin Turai don neman goyon bayan ƙasashen duniya don 'yantar da Ukraine da kuma haɗa sassanta biyu. Hanna ta kasance ginshiƙin Hetman a Daular Ottoman, Sweden, da Jamus.

Hanna ta haifi 'yarta Maria a tsibirin Rügen na ƙasar Sweden. Hanna ta daɗe tana tare da iyalinta a Kristianstad . A ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 1720, Orlyks suka bar Sweden. Hanna ta fara tafiya zuwa Hannover, sannan ta tafi Wrocław, inda ita da 'ya'yanta suka ɓuya a wani gidan sufi daga 'yan leƙen asirin Muscovite. A shekara ta 1721, ɗanta Yakiv ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani. Ta zauna tare da 'ya'yanta mata, Varvara da Maria, a Stanislaviv na ɗan lokaci.

Ita da ɗanta Hryhor, suna cikin wasiƙu da sarakunan Jamus daban-daban, manyan hamshakan 'yan Poland da Sarakunan Sweden, suna ƙoƙarin taimakawa a harkokin mijinta. A shekara ta 1747, Sarki Frederick na ɗaya na Sweden ya ba ta ƙaramin fansho. Ba a san lokacin da ko inda ta mutu ba.

## Manazarta
Maria Gustava Gyllenstierna

**Maria Gustava Gyllenstierna** (27 Oktoba 1672 &#x2013; 5 Nuwamba 1737) yar Sweden ce Countess, marubuci kuma mai fassara.

Ita 'yar count Christoffer Gyllenstierna ce da Gustava Juliana Oxenstierna kuma ta yi aure a shekarar 1693 don ta ƙirga Karl Bonde na Björnö. Bayan ta zama bazawara a shekarar 1699, ta zauna a Fadar Tyresö, wadda ta gada daga kakarta Maria Sofia De la Gardie . Ta fassara ayyukan ƙasashen waje, ta rubuta wani aiki na rayuwar Yesu wanda aka buga a shekarar 1730-36, kuma ta rubuta sonnets 600. Ta tattara da'irar farfesoshi a Tyresö kuma ta yi wa wasu wasiƙu da Sophia Elisabet Brenner . An bayyana ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata mafi ilimi a zamaninta, kuma an ce wannan ya sa ta zama wacce ba ta da farin jini a tsakanin manyan maza, domin galibi ta fi su.

A lokacin da Rasha ta kai hari a shekarar 1719-1721, lokacin da Rashawa suka kwace yankin, ta ceci Fadar Tyresö daga ƙonewa. Ta rushe hasumiyoyin fadar, wanda, daga nesa, ya bai wa Rashawa ra'ayin cewa an riga an kwace fadar: saboda haka, suka juya baya, aka kuma ceci fadar. Takardunta na korar takardu ne masu mahimmanci kan kayayyakin tarihi na yankin na zamani.

## Manazarta
Gurit Kadman

**Gurit Kadman** (Ibraniyawa; 2 ga Maris, 1897 - 27 ga Maris, 1987) ya kasance malamin rawa na Isra'ila kuma mai tsara wasan kwaikwayo, kuma an dauke shi mahaifiyar rawa na Isra-ila.

## HuTarihin rayuwa
An haifi Gertrude (Gert) Loewenstein (daga baya Gurit Kadman) a Leipzig, Jamus ga dangin Yahudawa da suka samo asali daga Prague. A lokacin ƙuruciyarta ta kasance mai aiki a cikin ƙungiyar matasa ta *Wandervogel* ta Jamus.

A 1919, ta auri Leo Kaufman, kuma ma'auratan sun shiga ƙungiyar matasa ta Blau Weiss Zionist kuma sun fara horar da aikin gona don shirya rayuwar al'umma a Falasdinu. An haifi ɗanta, Raphael, kafin su tafi.

A cikin 1920, sun yi hijira zuwa Mandate Palestine kuma suna daga cikin wadanda suka kafa mazaunin Heftziba, da farko kusa da Hadera, inda aka haifi wani ɗa, Amnon, sannan kuma a wurinsa na dindindin a Kwarin Jezreel. Daga baya, sun canza sunan iyali zuwa Kadman kuma Gert ya zama Gurit.

A shekara ta 1925, ta bi mijinta a kan aikin ilimi zuwa Austria, inda aka haifi 'yarsu, Ayala. Bayan dawowarsu, Histadrut ta yi amfani da Leo. A shekara ta 1931, iyalin suka bar kibbutz suka koma Tel Aviv.

## Kyaututtuka da girmamawa

* A shekara ta 1981, ta sami lambar yabo ta Isra'ila, don rawa.

## Manazarta
Gertrud Kraus

**Gertrud Kraus** (Ibraniyawa; 5 ga Mayu 1901 - 13 ga Nuwamba 1977) ya kasance Isra'ila mai gabatarwa na rawa na zamani a Isra'ila .

## Tarihin rayuwa

An haifi Gertrud Kraus a shekara ta 1901 a Vienna, Austria-Hungary . Mahaifinta, Leopold Kraus, da mahaifiyarta, Olga (née Neubauer), sun yi aure a Prague a shekara ta 1899. Suna da 'ya'ya hudu: Robert (1900), Gertrud (1901), Margarethe (1902) da Victor (1903). 

Kraus ta yi karatun piano a Kwalejin Jiha a Vienna amma bayan kammala karatunta ta yanke shawarar cewa abin da take so da gaske shine rawa. Ta sake shiga Kwalejin Jiha, a wannan lokacin a sashen rawa na zamani wanda Gertrud Bodenwieser ke jagoranta. Bayan kammala karatunta, ta shiga kamfanin rawa na Bodenwieser.

Bayan 'yan watanni, ta bude ɗakin karatu kuma ta fara maimaita solo don yin kanta. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na farko mai zaman kansa ya faru ne a cikin babban zauren da ta hayar da kanta. Abokai sun gargadi ta game da haɗarin da ke ciki, amma ta ce: "Idan zai zama fashewa, aƙalla zai zama mai ban mamaki!"

A cikin shekarun 1920, an san salon Kraus da rawa na nunawa, ko rawa na Jamusanci.

A cikin 1929, Gertrud Kraus, tare da Gisa Geert, sun kasance babban mataimakin Rudolf von Laban, darektan ƙungiyar kwadago a lokacin "Vienna Festival" a Vienna.

A cikin 1930, wani mai ba da labari ya gayyace ta don yin aiki a Mandate Palestine . Tawon shakatawa ya kasance babban nasara kuma an gayyace ta a kakar wasa mai zuwa. A cikin 1933, kamfaninta sun yi aikinta Die Stadt wartet ("The City Waits"), suna gabatar da birni na zamani a matsayin wuri mai ban sha'awa amma mai haɗari. Ya samo asali ne daga wani ɗan gajeren labari na Maxim Gorki . A daren da aka zabi Adolf Hitler a matsayin shugaban Jamus, kamfanin Kraus ya yi wannan yanki a filin wasa a cikin lambunan fadar ('Burggarten') kusa da Hofburg a Vienna.

A cikin 1933, yayin da take Prague tana yin wasan kwaikwayon ga Majalisa ta Zionist, shugabannin ƙungiyar kwaminisanci ta Czech sun tuntube ta kuma sun yi ƙoƙari su ɗauke ta don manufar su. Kashegari, ta tafi Ofishin Falasdinu a Prague kuma ta nemi  da fice.[he]

A cikin 1950-1951, ta kafa Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Isra'ila kuma ta zama darakta na fasaha. Kamfanin ya ninka bayan shekara guda saboda matsalolin kudi. Har zuwa mutuwarta a shekara ta 1977, Kraus ta ba da kanta ga koyar da rawa, da kuma zane da zane-zane.

## Kyaututtuka da tunawa
A shekara ta 1968, an ba Kraus Kyautar Isra'ila a cikin rawa.

Cibiyar "Yad Gertrud Kraus" (Gertrud Krais House) a Ein Hod ce ta adana gadonta.

## Manazarta
Ada Turanci

**Adeline Turanci** ( Irish   ; 10 Janairu 1875 - 27 Janairu 1944) 'yar siyasa ce mai juyin juya hali kuma mai ilimin tabin hankali ta Ireland.   An sadaukar da Ingilishi ga gyaran manyan cibiyoyin kula da tabin hankali na Ireland a tsawon rayuwarta.  Ta kasance 'yar Sinn Féin TD a Zauren Zaɓe na Biyu daga 1921 zuwa 1922 ga mazabar Jami'ar Ƙasa ta Ireland . Ta kaɗa ƙuri'a kan Yarjejeniyar Anglo-Irish a watan Janairu 1922.

## Rayuwar farko da iyali
An haifi Ingilishi a Cahersiveen, County Kerry,  ga Patrick English da Nora McCardle na Mullingar, County Westmeath .  Tana da 'yan'uwa huɗu, ciki har da 'yan'uwa maza biyu, Pierce (wanda ya zama likita a Castlerea ) da Frank (wanda ya zama jami'in banki). Mahaifinta ma'aikacin magunguna ne kuma memba ne na Kwamishinonin Garin Mullingar yayin da kakanta, Richard, ya kasance Babban Jami'in Aikin Old Castle a garin.

## Aikin likita
Ta yi karatu a Loreto Convent da ke Mullingar kuma ta kammala karatunta a Jami'ar Royal ta Ireland (ta halarci Kwalejin Queen's Galway) a shekarar 1903, wacce aka ce tana ɗaya daga cikin likitocin tabin hankali mata na farko a Ireland. Ta yi aiki a asibitocin Mater, Richmond, da Temple Street da ke Dublin . Na ɗan gajeren lokaci, ta sami alƙawari a wani asibiti a Landan a baya, a shekarar 1904, inda ta karɓi mukamin mataimakiyar Sufeton Lafiya na Resident (RMS) a Lunatic Asylum (yanzu Asibitin St. Brigid ), a Ballinasloe, kuma ta yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a Asibitin Mental na Castlerea. Ta haɓaka aikin jiyya zuwa babban mataki kuma a ƙarƙashin jagorancinta Ballinasloe shine asibitin kwakwalwa na farko a Ireland da ya yi amfani da maganin lanƙwasa na lantarki . A watan Oktoban 1914, an naɗa ta a matsayin malamar ilimin cututtukan tabin hankali a Kwalejin Jami'ar Galway, mukamin da ta riƙe har zuwa watan Fabrairun 1943. A shekarar 1921, Austin Stack, Sakataren Harkokin Cikin Gida, ya ba ta mukamin RMS na Asibitin Hankali na Sligo, amma ta yanke shawarar zama a Ballinasloe, inda daga baya aka naɗa ta, a shekarar 1941, a matsayin RMS. Ta yi ritaya daga wannan mukamin a watan Disamba na 1943.

## Aikin siyasa
Ta hanyar hulɗarta da mutane kamar Thomas MacDonagh, Patrick Pearse (wanda ya taɓa koyar da ita a yaren Irish ), Arthur Griffith da Liam Mellows, imaninta ga ƙabilancin Irish ya ƙaru kuma hujjojinta masu ma'ana da ƙwazo don goyon bayansa sun yi tasiri sosai ga Bishop na Clonfert, Dakta John Dignan, wanda ya isa Ballinasloe a shekarar da Ingilishi ya zo.

Ta kasance Jami'ar Lafiya ta Irish Volunteers tun daga farkonta kuma ta yi aiki a Athenry a lokacin Tashi na 1916. Ta kuma kasance fitacciyar memba a Cumann na mBan . Sojojin Crown sun kama ta a shekarar 1920, inda ta shafe watanni shida a gidan yarin Galway (an yanke mata hukuncin watanni tara amma an sake ta saboda gubar abinci kafin ta kammala hukuncin).

A watan Mayu na shekarar 1921, an zaɓe ta ba tare da hamayya ba a zaɓen ta na biyu a mazabar NUI a matsayin wakilin Sinn Féin . 

Ta kaɗa ƙuri'a kan Yarjejeniyar Anglo-Irish, inda ta bayyana adawarta da ita a cikin Dáil a ranar 4 ga Janairu, 1922. Ta fara da bayyana adawarta ga matsayin sarkin Birtaniya a cikin yarjejeniyar:

## Manazarta
Bridget Connolly

**Bridget Connolly** (23 ga Mayu 1890 - 15 ga Nuwamba 1981) ' yar asalin ƙasar Ireland ce kuma 'yar jam'iyyar Republican, mai aiki a lokacin tashin Ista na 1916 kuma ana kyautata zaton ita ce kaɗai mutum daga County Carlow da ya kasance a Ofishin Wasiku na Janar, Dublin, a lokacin tashin Ista .  Ta kuma yi aiki a lokacin Yaƙin 'Yanci da Yaƙin Basasa na Ireland . 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Bridget Connolly a ranar 23 ga Mayu, 1890 a Friarstown kusa da Killerig, County Carlow. Iyayenta sune Peter Connolly, ma'aikaciyar lebur, da Elizabeth Gaynor. 'Yan Friarstown na Connolly da suka rage, wataƙila bayan an kore su, kuma a shekarar 1911 suna zaune a Artane, Dublin. Ta yi makaranta a Makarantar Convent ta St. Vincent, Dublin, don neman cancantar zama malamar makaranta. Daga nan ta shiga ,  wata ƙungiyar mata masu aikin sa kai ta jamhuriyar Ireland.

Kafin tashin Ista, Connolly ta adana makamai, fiye da bindigogin Mauser guda 900. Ta yi aiki a sansanin sojoji na GPO a lokacin tashin Ista,  inda ta ɗauki saƙonni daga James Connolly a cikin babban jami'in tsaro zuwa Ned Daly a titin Church. An kuma ajiye ta a Bankin Hibernian a wannan makon.  Lokacin da janyewar daga babban jami'in tsaro ya yi kama da ba makawa, an ba Connolly aikin jagorantar ƙungiyar mata daga ginin ta hannun Patrick Pearse da James Connolly a ranar Juma'a. Ta jagoranci mata 30 zuwa 40 daga ginin a ƙarƙashin tutar fari, tare da kama ƙungiyar aka kawo su Summerhill . An sake su a wannan maraice.  'Yan uwanta 'yan Cumann na mBan sun bayyana Connolly a matsayin "mafi girman matsayi". A cikin kwanakin bayan tashin, ta yi bincike don nemo mai sa kai Paddy Shortis, amma sai ta gano ya mutu a lokacin da yake gudun hijira daga babban jami'in tsaro. Iyalinsa sun yi imanin cewa suna cikin soyayya a lokacin mutuwar Shortis. 

A lokacin Yaƙin 'Yanci, ta tattara makamai ta adana su, sannan ta tsare gidaje masu aminci ga mutanen da ke guduwa. Connolly ta je Manchester da Liverpool bisa umarnin Austin Stack a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa don aika wa Amurka wasiƙun labarai da kuma jiran amsoshi. An haɗa ta da rundunar sojoji a Otal ɗin Barry's a lokacin harin da aka kai a Kotuna Huɗu a 1922, tana tattara mutane da kuma ɗaukar makamai ƙarƙashin umarnin Oscar Traynor . An daure ta bayan wannan harin, inda Richard Mulcahy ya yanke mata hukunci a matsayin haɗari ga tsaron jama'a. An sake ta a ƙarshen Nuwamba 1923. [1]

A bikin cika shekaru 25 na Tashi a 1941, ta sami lambar yabo ta 1916 saboda rawar da ta taka a GPO.  Ta kasance lamba 332 a cikin jerin lambobin yabo na 1936, kuma an ba ta ƙarin lambobin yabo uku: Lambar yabo ta Sabis (1917-1921), Lambar yabo ta Tunawa da Tashi a Ranar Easter ta 1916-1966, da Lambar yabo ta Tunawa da Truce (1921) . 

Connolly ya mutu a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 1981, kuma an binne shi a cikin fili na iyali a makabartar Grange, County Carlow.  

## Manazarta
Aoife na Búrca

**Aoife de Búrca** (3 Oktoba 1885  1 Disamba 1974), ɗaya daga cikin ma'aikatan jinya kaɗan da ke aiki a Bankin Hibernian da Babban Ofishin Wasiƙa, Dublin a lokacin tashin Ista, de Búrca yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka yi wa James Connolly magani kafin a kama shi.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Evaline Mary Burke a ranar 3 ga Oktoba, 1885 ga Mary Kelly da Henry J. Burke. An haifi mahaifinta Henry a Albany, New York ga iyayensa 'yan Ireland. Ya koma Ireland inda ya yi aure, ya kuma zauna a Carbury, County Kildare, Ireland. Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya 5. de Búrca ta yi makaranta a gidan ibada na Dominican Convent da ke titin Eccles a Dublin .  Ta ci gaba da karatun aikin jinya.  

Ta fito daga dangin jamhuriya. Kanin ta Frank Burke yana ɗaya daga cikin masu aikin sa kai na Irish kuma yana aiki a GPO. Lokacin da de Búrca ta ji labarin tawayen, nan da nan ta shiga tsakiyar birnin don gano abin da ake buƙata. Ta koma masaukinta, ta shirya jaka ta kuma yi hayar mota don ta kai ta da kayanta zuwa wurin aikin. A can aka ba ta matsayi a gefen hanya daga GPO. Ta ci gaba da zama a gine-ginen otal ɗin Hibernian tana kula da waɗanda suka ji rauni, ciki har da yi wa Kyaftin Thomas Weafer magani inda ya mutu, har sai da aka kwashe waɗanda suka ji rauni ta bangon ginshiki da kuma a kan hanya. Tun daga lokacin aka ajiye ta a GPO da kanta. de Búrca ta kwana ɗaya a gida a lokacin tashin jirgin sama kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai aika saƙo ga Patrick Pearse a kan hanyarta ta fita daga tsakiyar birnin. Ta dawo washegari kuma ta yi hidima a can tana taimakawa wajen kula da waɗanda suka ji rauni har sai da ginin ya ruguje saboda gobarar da aka yi da harsasai. A wannan lokacin an kwashe duk waɗanda suka ji rauni zuwa Asibitin Titin Jervis . de Búrca ta zauna a can dare ɗaya ta koma masaukinta da safe. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]

De Búrca ta shafe rayuwarta tana aiki a Dublin Corporation a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya. Ta zauna a Drumcondra har sai da ta koma tare da ɗan'uwanta Frank a Rathfarnham inda ta mutu a watan Nuwamba 1974.  Rigunan hannu da apron ɗin da ta saka na Red Cross suna nan a Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa na Ireland .  An rubuta tarihinta na taron a wannan shekarar kuma an sabunta shi a shekarun 1960.   An ba da labarinta a wani shiri na talabijin mai suna *Seven Women* for RTÉ 

## Manazarta
Gina Dent

**Gina Dent** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1966) farfesa ce 'yar Amurka a fannin Nazarin Mata a UC Santa Cruz . Ita ce mataimakiyar shugabar sashen bambancin ra'ayi, daidaito, da kuma haɗa kai a Sashen Bil Adama a UC Santa Cruz. [1] Ta rubuta tare da haɗin gwiwar littafin Abolition. Feminism na 2022. Yanzu. tare da abokiyar zamanta, Angela Davis ; Erica Meiners ; da Beth Richie .

## Ilimi
Dent ta sami digirin BA a fannin Adabin Kwatanta daga Jami'ar California, Berkeley,  da kuma digirin MA da PhD a fannin Adabin Turanci da Kwatanta daga Jami'ar Columbia .  

## Sana'a
Dent yana nan a halin yanzu  farfesa ce a fannin nazarin mata, tarihin sani, da kuma nazarin shari'a a sashen ilimin ɗan adam a Jami'ar California, Santa Cruz .   A shekarar 2019, ta sami lambar yabo ta Dizikes saboda koyarwa. 

Abubuwan da take sha'awa a bincike sun haɗa da nazarin Afirka, ka'idar shari'a, da al'adun jama'a.  Ita ce editan *Baƙar fata Al'adu Mai Farin Ciki* (1992).  An sanya wa wannan tarin suna a matsayin *Mafi Kyawun Littafin Muryar Ƙauye na Shekara* .  A shekarar 2011, Dent ta yi aiki a cikin tawagarta zuwa Falasɗinu, kuma tana fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a yankin.   Ana nemanta a duniya a matsayin mai magana da kuma mai koyarwa kan Baƙar fata 'Yan Mata da kuma kawar da tsattsauran ra'ayi.    

Tana da 'yan wasa biyu masu zuwa  littattafai, *Kurkuku a matsayin Iyaka da Sauran Makaloli* da kuma *Anchored to the Real: Black Literature in the Wake of Anthropology,* wanda Duke University Press za ta buga.    Dent ya rubuta tare da haɗin gwiwar littafin *[[Abolition. Feminism. Now.|Abolition.]]* *[[Abolition. Feminism. Now.|Feminism na 2022. Yanzu.]]* tare da Angela Davis, Erica Meiners, da Beth Richie, wanda ke jayayya don hangen nesa na kawar da fursunoni na mata.    

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Ya zuwa 2020 , Dent tana zaune tare da abokin tarayya, masanin mata kuma mai fafutuka Angela Y. Davis .  Tare, sun ba da shawara don kawar da 'yan sanda da kurkuku, ta amfani da manufar kawar da mata.

## Littattafan tarihi
Tushe: 

* Edita, *Al'adun Baƙar fata Masu Farin Ciki* . Seattle: Bay Press, 1992; New York: New Press, 1999.  
* " Michael Joo ", a cikin Elaine Kim da Margo Machida, editoci, *Sabbin Magana/Gogewa: Batutuwan 'Yan Asiya na Amurka a cikin Fasahar gani ta Zamani* . Berkeley: Jami'ar California Press. 2003
* Marubuciya tare da mai ba da shawara Angela Y. Davis,  "Kurkuku a Matsayin Iyaka: Tattaunawa kan Jinsi, Duniya da Hukunci", *Alamomi: Mujallar Mata a Al'adu da Al'umma*, Vol. 26, No. 4; Lokacin bazara na 2001.
* "Labarin New York", kasida kan kasidar baje kolin *Haɗawa/Ballewa* . Graz, Austria. 1997.
* Jack Salzman, David Lionel Smith, da Cornel West (masu gyara), "Rita Dove" da "Jamaica Kincaid" (tarihin rayuwar adabi) a cikin *Encyclopedia of African American Al'adu da Tarihi*, New York: Takardar Karatu ta Macmillan. 1996.
* "Matsayin Mishan" a cikin Rebecca Walker (ed.), *Don Ka Kasance Gaskiya: Faɗin Gaskiya da Sauya Fuskar Mace* . New York: Anchor/Doubleday. 1995.
* "Kabila da Wariyar Launin Fata: Taron Karawa Juna Sani", *Rubutun Zamantakewa* . Vol. 42. Bazara, 1995
* 

## Nassoshi
Ma'aikatan jinya na GPO

**Rundunar ma'aikatan jinya ta GPO** ta ƙunshi mata goma sha biyu, ciki har da membobin *Cumann na mBan* - ƙungiyar mata ta jamhuriyar Ireland don 'yancin kai - waɗanda suka ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin ginin GPO da aka kewaye a lokacin tashin Ista na 1916 a Dublin kuma suka kwashe waɗanda suka ji rauni zuwa asibiti.

Mata da yawa na Cumann na nGaedheal, Rundunar 'Yan Citizen ta Irish da Cumann na mBan sun ba da tallafi ga 'yan Republican kafin da kuma lokacin tashin jirgin. A ranar Juma'a 28 ga Afrilu 1916, lokacin da Sojojin Burtaniya suka murƙushe su, kuma gobara ta tashi, Pádraig Pearse ya ce waɗanda ba su cancanci taimakon gaggawa ba ya kamata su tafi don guje wa faɗa mai muni. Da ƙarfe 18:30, Joseph Plunkett ya ba da umarnin shirya 'yan Republican da suka ji rauni don ƙaura. An sanya masu aikin sa kai a kan tituna da farfajiya, kuma ɗaruruwan masu aikin sa kai sun yi ta wucewa ta gidaje. Fr. John Flanagan, jami'in lafiya John Doyle da ɗaliban likita biyu sun tafi tare da matan. Waɗanda suka yi kwana da kwanaki ba su yi barci ba, sun ɗauki bargo da aka naɗe musu raunuka a kan gadon kwanciya. Wani lokaci suna ƙarƙashin wuta, suna jiran a kwantar da hankali a harbin bindiga a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Coliseum kuma suka wuce a hankali ta baranda ta sama. Sun ratsa farfajiyar GPO, kuma masu aikin sa kai biyu sun taimaka musu su ratsa titin Princes. Don ci gaba da wucewa kan shingen da ke ƙonewa a titin Williams, an tattake shi kaɗan kuma Fr. Flanagan ta jagoranci hanyar shiga titin Abbey dauke da tutar fari mai launin ja, daga nan suka sake fuskantar hari. Bayan sun huta, Fr. Flanagan da wani fursuna, Dr. George Mahony, sun je Asibitin Titin Jervis don neman shiga. An raka tawagar da karfe 23:30 na safe. An karɓi waɗanda suka fi rauni kawai. An bar mata su kwana a benen ɗakin jira. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]

Washegari da safe, jami'in da ke kula da su ya ce za su iya tafiya. A wurin tunawa da Parnell an yi musu tambayoyi, amma sun ce su ma'aikatan jinya ne na Red Cross daga asibiti kuma an ba su izinin wucewa. Ba su yi wa masu aikin sa kai godiya a Asibitin Rotunda ba saboda tsoron fallasa su. Bayan da masu bincike a Portland Row suka sake yi musu tambayoyi, sun maimaita labarinsu kafin a bar su su wuce suka kwana a gidan ɗaya daga cikin matan.  

* Aoife de Búrca
* Elizabeth “Lillie” Burke (née McGinty)
* Louise Gavan Duffy
* Lucy Smyth (ɗan fari Byrne)
* Martha “Birdie” Walsh (wanda aka haifa a Slater)
* Molly Reynolds
* Margaret McElroy
* Mary Josephine “Mary Jo” Walsh (mahaifiyar Rafferty)
* Margaret Walsh (mai suna Jenkins)
* Matilda "Tilly" Simpson
* Peggy Downie
* Stasia Byrne (wanda aka haifa a Toomey)

## Manazarta
Suka K. Frederiksen

**Suka K. Frederiksen** (18 ga Yulin 1965 - 21 ga Yulin 2020) ɗan siyasan Greenlandic ne. Frederiksen ya kasance memba na Inatsisartut (2014 zuwa 2018) kuma ya rike mukamin Ministan Independence da Aikin Gona (2016 zuwa 2018) da Harkokin Waje (2017 zuwa 2018).

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Frederiksen a ranar 18 ga Yuli 1965 a Narsaq, Greenland . Daga 2007 zuwa 2010, ta kammala difloma ta gudanarwa da kuma digiri na kasuwanci.

## Ayyuka
A shekara ta 1986, Frederiksen ta fara aikinta a matsayin magatakarda na ofis kuma ta yi aiki a HK Commercial . Ta shafe shekaru biyar masu zuwa a gonar tumaki kafin ta yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a wani kantin sayar da kayan masarufi a Greenland. A shekara ta 1994, Frederiksen ya fara aiki na shekaru goma a matsayin shugaban Narsaq kafin ya ci gaba kuma ya rike mukamai na gudanarwa a cikin Kujalleq Municipality . 

Frederiksen ta fara aikinta a siyasa a matsayin mai ba da shawara a Garin Narsaq a shekara ta 2005. Bayan matsayinta ya ƙare a shekara ta 2009, matsayinta na siyasa na gaba ya zo ne a shekara ta 2014 lokacin da aka zabe ta zuwa Inatsisartut .  A lokacin da take Inatsisartut, ta zama Ministan Independence na farko na Greenland a shekarar 2016. A matsayinsa na Ministan Independence, Frederiksen ya jagoranci kwamitin da ya fara tsara kundin tsarin mulki na Greenland bisa tushen yiwuwar samun 'yancin kai.

A cikin 2017, an nada Frederiksen Ministan Harkokin Waje na Greenland bayan Vittus Qujaukitsoq ya yi murabus kuma ya zama mai kula da alaƙar kasa da kasa tsakanin Greenland da Denmark. A lokacin da take Ministan Harkokin Waje, Frederiksen ta bayyana cewa an janye korafin da Qujaukitsoq ya yi wa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kuma shi kaɗai ne ya yi korafin.

## Mutuwa
Frederiksen ya mutu a ranar 21 ga Yulin 2020, yana da shekaru 55, bayan dogon rashin lafiya.

## Manazarta
Elizabeth Mernin

**Elizabeth "Lily" Mernin** (16 Nuwamba 1886 - 18 Fabrairu 1957) jami'in leƙen asiri ne na Ireland wanda aka sani da "Ƙaramin Mutum" ko "Lt. G.".   

## Rayuwa
An haifi Elizabeth Mernin a Dungarvan, County Waterford a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba, 1886. Iyayenta su ne John Mernin da Mary (née McGuire). Tana da 'yar'uwa ɗaya, May. Mahaifinta mai yin burodi ne da kuma mai yin kayan ƙanshi a Waterford. Bayan rasuwarsa lokacin da Mernin yake ƙarami, iyalinsa sun yi renon yaran a Dungarvan. 

A shekarun 1910, Mernin ta yi aiki a matsayin mai buga rubutu a wasu kamfanonin Dublin, kuma a shekarar 1914 ta zama mai buga rubutu a Dublin Castle a ofishin rundunar sojojin. Ta kasance memba na reshen Keating na Gaelic League, kuma ta hanyar wannan ɗan uwanta, Piaras Béaslaí, ya gabatar da ita ga Michael Collins a shekarar 1918. Daga 1919 ta fara aiki a Collins a matsayin jami'in leƙen asiri. Ta yi amfani da matsayinta a Dublin Castle don samun muhimman takardu, kuma a 1920, ta sami bayanan sirri kan jami'an leƙen asiri na Birtaniya da 'yan sanda masu taimako. 

A ƙarƙashin sunan "Ƙaramin Ɗan Ta'adda" ko "Lt. G.", tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan jami'an Collins, har mutane da yawa suka yi imanin cewa Ɗan Ta'adda jami'in leƙen asiri ne na Burtaniya. Ɗaya daga cikin muhimman gudummawar da Mernin ya bayar ita ce gano gidajen jami'an leƙen asiri na Burtaniya waɗanda daga baya aka kashe a ranar Lahadi ta Bloody, 21 ga Nuwamba 1920, ta hannun tawagar Collins. Ta taimaka wa Frank Saurin da Tom Cullen wajen gano manyan jami'an Birtaniya a Dublin, suna rubuta rahotannin sirri ga Collins a cikin ɗaki a 19 Clonliffe Road.  

A watan Fabrairun 1922, an sallame ta daga aikin soja na Birtaniya, inda ta fara aiki a matsayin mai buga rubutu a rundunar sojojin Ireland daga watan Yulin 1922 zuwa Fabrairun 1952, lokacin da ta yi ritaya. Ta yi aiki a Clancy Barracks. An ba Mernin fanshon soja saboda aikinta daga 1918-1922, kuma an rubuta bayaninta a Ofishin Tarihin Soja a Taskar Tarihin Soja. 

Mernin ba ta taɓa yin aure ba, duk da cewa ta haifi ɗa a Landan a watan Yunin 1922, tare da wasu shaidu da ke nuna cewa Béaslaí shine uban. Tana zaune a 167 Mangerton Road, Drimnagh . Ta rasu a ranar 18 ga Fabrairun 1957 a Dublin tana da shekaru 70. [1]

## Manazarta
Lene Espersen

**Lene Espersen** (an haife ta a ranar 26 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1965) tsohuwar 'yar siyasar Denmark ce, tsohuwar shugabar Jam'iyyar Conservative People's Party kuma tsohuwar Ministan Shari'a. Ita ce Shugaba ta yanzu a Kungiyar Kamfanonin Gine-gine ta Danish . Daga 1 ga Yulin 2016 zuwa 30 ga Yuni, 2020, ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar kwamitin Jami'ar Aalborg.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haife ta ne ga mahaifin masunta da mahaifiyar mai kula da littattafai, ta girma tare da ƙanwarta a Hirtshals a arewacin Jutland, a ƙasar Denmark. Ta halarci Kwalejin Duniya ta Lester B. Pearson ta Pacific a Kanada . [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Ayyukan siyasa
Espersen ita ce mutum na farko a cikin iyalinta da ya shiga jam'iyyar siyasa. Wani memba na Folketinget daga 1994, ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Shari'a daga 27 ga Nuwamba 2001 zuwa 10 ga Satumba 2008 kuma a matsayin Minista na Tattalin Arziki da Kasuwanci daga 10 ga Satumbar 2008 zuwa 23 ga Fabrairu 2010.

Espersen ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Waje daga 23 ga Fabrairu 2010 zuwa 3 ga Oktoba 2011, wanda ya sa ta zama mace ta farko a Denmark kuma mace ce kawai a irin wannan mukamin a cikin EU a lokacin.

Espersen ya kasance shugaban Jam'iyyar Conservative People's Party kuma ya kasance Mataimakin Firayim Minista daga 9 ga Satumba 2008  zuwa 13 ga Janairu 2011.

A ranar 13 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2011, ta sanar a wani taron manema labarai da karfe 19:00 na yamma, a takaice bayan isowarta Denmark, cewa ba za ta ci gaba da zama shugabar Jam'iyyar Conservative People's Party ba. Sanarwar ta zo ne bayan watanni na karuwar matsin lamba, inda batutuwa daban-daban game da ka'idojin aikinta, suka sami kulawa ta kasa, da kuma rage goyon baya a cikin kuri'un ra'ayi ga jam'iyyar. A lokacin da take jagorantar siyasa, an rage goyon baya ga Jam'iyyar Conservative People's Party daga kusan 10% zuwa ƙasa da 5%. A ranar 14 ga watan Janairu, Lars Barfoed ya gaji Lene Espersen a matsayin shugaban siyasa na Jam'iyyar Conservative People's Party.

## Sauran ayyukan

* Trilateral Commission, Member of the European Group
* Baltic Development Forum, Chair (since 2014)
* European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors (2008-2010)

## Matsayi na siyasa
Lokacin da jaridar Danish *Jyllands-Posten* ta buga zane-zane masu rikitarwa game da Muhammadu a shekara ta 2005, Espersen ya kare hakkinsa na bugawa kuma ya lakafta tsattsauran ra'ayi na Musulmi a matsayin mafi haɗari fiye da Canjin yanayi. A cikin 2012, a matsayinta na ministan harkokin waje, ta sadu da jakadu 17 daga ƙasashen musulmai a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙoƙarin hana duk wani sabon rikicin zane-zane da haɓaka fahimta.

## Rikici
A shekara ta 2006, an cire Espersen daga kariya ta majalisa bayan ta fadi da wata mace a kan babur. Daga baya aka dakatar da ita daga tuki kuma aka ci tarar Yuro 150.

## Bayanan da aka ambata

* Biography on the website of the Danish Parliament (Folketinget)

## Manazarta
Sara Levi-Tanai

Sara Levi-Tanai (Ibraniyawa; c. 1910 - 3 Oktoba 2005) ta kasance mai tsara wasan kwaikwayo da marubucin waƙoƙi na Isra'ila. Ita ce ta kafa kuma darektan fasaha na Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Inbal Dance kuma ta karbi Kyautar Isra'ila a cikin rawa.

## Kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka

* A shekara ta 1964, littafin Levi-Tanai na Ruth ya lashe lambar yabo daga gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Mondes a birnin Paris.
* A shekara ta 1973, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Isra'ila, a cikin rawa, saboda gudummawar da ta bayar a fagen zane-zane.
* A shekara ta 1984, ta lashe kyautar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Moshe Halevi, wanda Majalisa ta Tel Aviv ta bayar.
* A shekara ta 1986, ita ce ta farko da ta karbi kyautar Isra'ila Labor Federation (Histadrut) don kiɗa da rawa.
* A shekara ta 1988, an sanya ta a matsayin 'yar ƙasa mai daraja ta Tel Aviv .

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin masu karɓar kyautar Isra'ila

## Manazarta
Esther Levitt

An haifi Levitt ne a Metulla .  Ta kasance shugabar WIZO Metulla . [2] A shekara ta 1977, ta lashe Kyautar Isra'ila saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga al'ummar Isra'ila.[3][4]

## Dubi kuma

* Mata na Isra'ila

## Manazarta
Lea Nikel

**Lea Nikel** (Ibraniyawa; an haife ta a 1918, ta mutu a shekara ta 2005) ta kasance mai zane-zane na Isra'ila.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Lea Nikel (Lea Nikelsberg) a Zhitomir, Ukraine, a ranar 6 ga Disamba, 1918.  Iyalinta sun yi hijira zuwa Mandatory Palestine a shekarar 1920. Tana da 'yar'uwa guda, Sara (Bock), wacce aka haifa a 1926. Ta fara karatu tare da mai zane Chaim Gliksberg a Tel Aviv a 1935, daga baya ta yi karatu tare da Yechezkel Streichman da Avigdor Stematsky . Daga 1961 zuwa 1977, Nikel ya zauna a Greenwich Village (shekara daya), Roma (shekaru uku) da New York (shekura huɗu), kafin ya koma Isra'ila a 1977. Ta auri Sam Leiman kuma tana da 'yar daya, Ziva Hanan . Ta zauna a Moshav Kidron . 

## Ayyukan fasaha
Nikel ta gudanar da nune-nunen farko a 1954 a Chemerinsky Art Gallery a Tel Aviv [1] da kuma nune-nun farko a Paris a Galerie Colette Allendy a 1957. Ta shiga cikin nune-nunen rukuni na kasa da kasa da yawa, gami da Venice Biennale a shekarar 1964. Gidan Tarihi na Tel Aviv ya shirya baje kolin zane-zanen ta a shekarar 1995.[2] Nikel ta ci gaba da zanen har zuwa 'yan kwanaki kafin mutuwarta a ranar 10 ga Satumba, 2005.[3]

A cikin 2023 an haɗa aikinta a cikin nune-nunen Action, Gesture, Paint: Women Artists da Global Abstraction 1940-1970 a Whitechapel Gallery a London.

## Hanyar zane-zane
Halin Nikel wani nau'i ne na nuna bambanci wani lokacin ana kiransa abstraction lyrical. Ta zana da sauri, taɓawa mai karimci kuma ta fi son launuka masu mahimmanci. An san ta da abubuwan da ke motsawa waɗanda suka kunshi ginshiƙan launi da rubuce-rubuce, layin rubutu waɗanda tare suka nuna jin daɗin tunani da jin dadi na gaggawa.

## Kyaututtuka

* A shekara ta 1972, an ba ta Kyautar Sandberg don Fasahar Isra'ila daga Gidan Tarihin Isra'ila . 
* A shekara ta 1982, an ba Nikel Kyautar Dizengoff don zane.
* A shekara ta 1985, an ba ta lambar yabo daga bita na UNESCO kan ayyukan gwaji a Nice, Faransa.
* A shekara ta 1987, ta lashe kyautar Gamzo .
* A shekara ta 1995, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Isra'ila, don zane.
* A shekara ta 1997, Ministan Al'adu na Faransa ya sanya ta Chevalier of Arts and Letters .

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin masu karɓar kyautar Isra'ila

## Manazarta
Rashin sautin

Vered Noam (Ibraniyawa) farfesa ne na Talmud a Jami'ar Tel Aviv . A cikin 2020, ta sami Kyautar Isra'ila don Talmud, mace ta farko da ta karɓi kyautar a cikin karatun Talmud. 

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Vered Noam a Urushalima a cikin 1960 ga Farfesa Yehuda Elitzur da marubucin yara Rivka Elitzur . A shekara ta 1985 ta sami BA a Talmud da Archaeology; a shekara ta 1989 ta sami MA a Talmud; kuma a shekara ta 1997 ta sami PhD a Talmud - duk waɗannan digiri an kammala su a Jami'ar Ibrananci ta Urushalima . Taken digirin digirin ta shine Megillat Ta'anit da Scholion . Ta kasance a bangaren koyarwa na sashen Falsafar Yahudawa da Talmud a Jami'ar Tel Aviv tun 1999.

A shekara ta 2008, an nada ta Mataimakin Farfesa kuma a shekara ta 2014 an inganta ta zuwa cikakken Farfesa. Tun daga shekara ta 2017 ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Makarantar Chaim Rosenberg ta Nazarin Yahudawa da Archaeology a Jami'ar Tel Aviv . Noam ya kuma gudanar da alƙawari a cikin shirin Nazarin Yahudawa a Jami'ar Yale . 

Noam yana aiki a matsayin edita na mujallar nazarin Yahudawa Zion (ציון) kuma yana cikin allon edita na Journal of Ancient Judaism da Dead Sea Discoveries .

Ta rubuta a kan Littafin Tekun Gishiri da tasirin su a kan Addinin Yahudanci na Rabbinic, da kuma yadda Josephus da kuma malaman Babila na Talmud suka ba da labarin sarakunan Hasmonean na Yahudiya.

## Littattafai

* Megillat Ta'anit: Versions, Interpretation, Tarihi Yad Ben-Zvi Press, 2003 (Ibraniyawa).
* *[https://www.ybz.org.il/?CategoryID=636&ArticleID=3095#.XkP9cy_MyfQ Daga Qumran zuwa juyin juya halin Rabbinic: Ra'ayoyin Rashin Tsabtace]* Yad Ben-Zvi Press, 2010 (Ibraniyawa).
* *[https://global.oup.com/academic/product/shifting-images-of-the-hasmoneans-9780198811381?cc=us&lang=en& Canja hotuna na Hasmoneans: Labaran Haikali na Biyu da Karɓar Su a cikin Josephus da Littattafan Rabbinic]* . Jami'ar Oxford Press, 2018.
* Vered Noam's List of Publications

## Manazarta
Dvora Omer

**Dvora Omer** (Ibraniyawa; 9 ga Oktoba, 1932 - 2 ga Mayu, 2013) marubucin yara ne na Isra'ila.  An dauke ta daya daga cikin manyan marubutan littattafan yara na Isra'ila.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Dvora Omer a Kibbutz Ma'oz Haim a cikin Kwarin Beit She'an . [1] Iyayenta sun sake aure lokacin da take yarinya. Lokacin da take 'yar shekara 11, mahaifiyarta ta mutu a hadarin horo a Haganah, kungiyar soja ta farko. Mahaifinta, Moshe Mosenzon, editan jarida ne wanda ya yi aiki a cikin Brigade na Yahudawa . Yayinda take yarinya ta wallafa rubuce-rubucenta a cikin mujallar matasa Bama'aleh wanda mahaifinta ya shirya. Bayan kammala aikin soja, ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Malamai ta Oranim . [2] Kafin ta keɓe aikinta ga rubuce-rubuce, Omer ta yi aiki na 'yan shekaru a matsayin malamar makaranta a Kibbutz.

Dvora ta auri Shmuel Omer, tare da ita ta haifi 'ya'ya uku, ciki har da  da Gil Omer .  Ta mutu a ranar 2 ga Mayu, 2013, tana da shekaru 80, a Kfar Ma'as .

'Yar'uwar Omer, Vered Mosinson, ita ma marubuciya ce.

## Ayyukan wallafe-wallafen
Omer ta fara rubutu yayin da take malama, kuma ta ci gaba da littattafai da yawa waɗanda ke nuna yanayin ci gaba da al'adun Isra'ila. Yawancin littattafanta na matasa ne, kuma an fassara su cikin harsuna da yawa.

## Kyaututtuka da karbuwa

* A shekara ta 1968, an ba Omer lambar yabo ta Lamdan, don wallafe-wallafen yara.
* A shekara ta 1979, an ba ta kyautar Firayim Minista don Ayyukan Littattafan Ibrananci .
* A shekara ta 2006, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Isra'ila, saboda nasarorin da ta samu a rayuwarta da kuma gudummawa ta musamman ga al'umma da Jiha.

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin masu karɓar kyautar Isra'ila
* Littattafan Ibrananci
* Al'adun Isra'ila

## Manazarta
Katrin Eggenberger

**Katrin Eggenberger** (an haife ta a ranar 8 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1982) ƴar Switzerland ce kuma 'yar siyasa wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Waje na Liechtensteiner daga Nuwamba 2019 zuwa Maris 2021.

## Ilimi da rayuwar mutum
An haifi Katrin Eggenberger a Werdenberg, Switzerland ga mahaifin Switzerland da mahaifiyar Liechtensteiner .  Kakan mahaifiyarta, Josef Biedermann, ya kasance memba na dogon lokaci na majalisar dokokin Liechtenstein kuma tsohon shugaban Jam'iyyar Progressive Citizens' Party .  Ita 'yar ƙasa ce guda biyu,  duk da haka ta shafe mafi yawan rayuwarta tana zaune a waje da Liechtenstein. Ta koma zama a Vaduz har abada a watan Oktoba 2019. 

Eggenberger ta kammala digiri na farko a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci a shekarar 2008 ta hanyar Jami'ar Liechtenstein, tana karatu a Jami'ar Jihar Ohio inda ta kuma yi gasa a cikin yin iyo tare. Ta yi gasa a cikin yin iyo tare da Ariane Schneider a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2005 a Montreal . 

Eggenberger ta kammala digirin Master of Science a fannin Banki da Gudanar da Kuɗi a shekarar 2012 a Jami'ar Liechtenstein.  A shekarar 2019 ta kammala digirin PhD a fannin Harkokin Ƙasa da Ƙasashen Waje da Tattalin Arzikin Siyasa daga Jami'ar St. Gallen, wanda Joseph Stiglitz, wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel ya jagoranta, kuma ta kasance mai bincike a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London, Jami'ar Cambridge, Jami'ar Princeton da Jami'ar Harvard .    Ta kasance Maurice R. Greenberg World Fellow a shekarar 2019 a Cibiyar Jackson for Global Affairs a Jami'ar Yale .  A shekarar 2020, ta kammala karatun MPA na tsakiyar aiki daga Makarantar Harvard Kennedy . 

## Ayyuka
Eggenberger ta yi aiki a bankuna da dama a Vaduz da Switzerland kafin ta zama Shugabar Ma'aikata ga Klaus Schwab da kuma Shugaban Al'ummar Shugabannin Kungiyar a Taron Tattalin Arziki na Duniya a 2016. Ta kasance mai alhakin gina dandamali na dijital na duniya ga kamfanoni masu tasowa, kamfanoni, jami'o'i da gwamnatoci.

Eggenberger ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Progressive Citizens' Party tun daga 2019,  lokacin da jam'iyyar ta zaba ta gaba daya zuwa majalisar.  Alois, Yarima na Liechtenstein ne ya nada ta a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Waje a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 2019, inda ta maye gurbin Aurelia Frick,  kuma Firayim Minista Adrian Hasler ya rantsar da ita.  Tana da alhakin ma'aikatar shari'a da al'adu da kuma harkokin kasashen waje. Kammalawa ta Yale fellowship a cikin 2019 ya sa ta rasa hudu daga cikin tarurrukan gwamnati shida na farko.

## Littattafai

* 
* 
* 
*   

## Manazarta
Ruth Lapidoth

Farfesa Ruth Lapidoth (Ibraniyawa; an haife ta a ranar 27 ga Oktoba, 1930) Babban Mai Bincike ne a Cibiyar Nazarin Isra'ila ta Urushalima [1] kuma Farfesa Emeritus na Shari'ar Kasa da Kasa a Jami'ar Ibrananci ta Urushalika . [2] Ta kasance mai karɓar Kyautar Isra'ila ta 2006 a Nazarin Shari'a da kuma Kyautar Mata Mai Girma ta 2000 a Shari'ar Kasa da Kasa daga ƙungiyar WILIG ta American Society of International Law . 

Lapidoth ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan shari'a ga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje a 1979-1981, ya kasance baƙon malami da mai bincike a manyan cibiyoyin ilimi da yawa, gami da Jami'ar Oxford, Jami'ar Georgetown da Cibiyar Zaman Lafiya ta Amurka, kuma marubucin littattafai tara ne da fiye da kasidu casa'in da suka shafi dokar kasa, haƙƙin ɗan adam, rikici na Larabawa da Isra'ila, da Urushalima.

Lapidoth yana aiki a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Majalisar Isra'ila kan Harkokin Kasashen Waje . 

## Manazarta