open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Tarin Hafs

tarin Haupt mai taken "Thirty Pieces of Silver - Art and Money" tarin jigogi ne na Berlin na Fasahar zamani wanda Stefan Haupt ya tsara. An sadaukar da tarin ga batun kudi duk kafofin watsa labarai. An nuna shi a cikin nune-nunen juyawa a cikin gidajen tarihi na ƙasa da wuraren zane-zane, da kuma alƙawari a cikin sararin Haupt's Law Firm.

## Kafawa
Da farko an sadaukar da shi ga matsakaiciyar daukar hoto, Haupt ya mayar da hankali ga fasahar kudi a tsakiyar '90s, wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar siffar origami ta mai zane-zane na Taiwan mai suna Lee Mingwei. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, wannan wahayi ya bunkasa ta hanyar ziyarar baje kolin fasaha da gallery, da kuma binciken Intanet.

## Yankin
Tarin ya ƙunshi wasu Ayyuka 200 a cikin dabarun da hanyoyi daban-daban waɗanda ke ba da bayyani game da nazarin kudi a cikin fasahar zamani. Ayyuka masu mahimmanci a cikin tarin, da sauransu, sune aikin $ na mai zane-zane na Faransa Mathieu Mercier, "Hidden Object III" na Timm Ulrichs da ayyukan da yawa na Joseph Beuys.

Har ila yau an wakilta shi a cikin tarin (zaɓaɓɓen):

## Manazarta
Galarrwuy Yunupingu

**Galarrwuy Yunupingu** (30 ga Yuni 1948 – 3 ga Afrilu 2023), wanda aka fi sani da **James Galarrwuy Yunupingu** da **Dr Yunupingu**, ɗan fafutukar ' yan asalin ƙasar Australiya ne wanda ya kasance jagora a cikin al'ummar 'yan asalin ƙasar Australiya . Ya kasance mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin mallakar filaye na 'yan asalin ƙasar a tsawon aikinsa. Ya kasance mutumin Yolngu na ƙabilar Gumatj, daga Arnhem Land a Yankin Arewa . Ya kasance gwarzon shekarar Australiya ta 1978.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Galarrwuy Yunupingu a Melville Bay, kusa da Yirkala, a ranar 30 ga Yuni 1948, kuma ɗan kabilar Gumatj ne na mutanen Yolngu.  Mahaifinsa, Mungurrawuy Yunupingu, sanannen mai fasaha ne kuma shugaban danginsa; 'yan'uwansa sun haɗa da mawaƙin Yothu Yindi, ɗan'uwansa Mandawuy Yunupingu ; da 'yan'uwa mata da dama, ciki har da Nyapanyapa Yunupingu da Nancy Gaymala Yunupingu .  

Ya girma a kan aikin mishan na Yirrkala, inda aka san shi da Balanda (mutanen da ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba) a matsayin "James", [1] kuma ya halarci Makarantar Mishan a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa. [2] Ya kasance matashi a lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri takardun neman izinin Yirrkala a wurin aikin mishan kuma aka miƙa shi ga Majalisar Dokokin Ostiraliya a 1963, wanda daga ƙarshe ya kai ga shari'ar haƙƙin mallakar filaye ta Gove a 1971, kuma ya ɗauki sha'awar shari'ar. An san shi a matsayin ɗalibi mai hazaka.

Masu wa'azin Methodist sun ga damar da zai samu a matsayinsa na limamin coci na gaba, kuma tare da goyon bayansu,  ya ƙaura zuwa Brisbane don yin karatu a Kwalejin Littafi Mai Tsarki ta Methodist na tsawon shekaru biyu, inda ya koma Gove a shekarar 1967. 

## Sana'a

### Haƙƙin ƙasa
A farkon shekarun 1960, tare da mahaifinsa, shugaban ƙabilar Gumatj Mungurrawuy, Yunupingu ya shiga fafutukar kare haƙƙin filaye kuma ya taimaka wajen tsara koke-koken Yirrkala,  wanda mahaifinsa ya taimaka wajen zana.  Ya jawo hankalin ƙasa a ƙarshen shekarun 1960 saboda rawar da ya taka a shari'ar haƙƙin mallakar filaye ta Gove, amma bai yi nasara ba. Wannan ƙarar shari'a ita ce ta farko da 'yan asalin ƙasar Australiya suka shigar don ƙalubalantar haƙƙin kamfanonin haƙar ma'adinai na amfani da filaye na gargajiya. Ya zama fitaccen shugaba kuma mai ƙarfi a madadin 'yan asalin ƙasar a Yankin Arewa da Ostiraliya, inda ya sami girmamawa da yabo daga mutane da yawa. 

A shekarar 1975, Yunupingu ya shiga Majalisar Ƙasa ta Arewa (NLC), hukumar da aka naɗa a ƙarƙashin *Dokar Haƙƙin Filaye ta Aboriginal ta 1976* don wakiltar masu filaye na gargajiya na Aboriginal da kuma 'yan asalin ƙasar. Ya kasance shugaban NLC daga 1977 zuwa 1980, memba na zartarwa har zuwa 1983 lokacin da aka sake zaɓensa a matsayin shugaba. Ya jagoranci tattaunawa da dama da hukumomin haƙar ma'adinai da na gwamnati.
Gerhardsen Gerner

**Gerhardsen Gerner** wani tashar zane-zane ne na zamani wanda ke Linienstrasse 85 a Berlin-Mitte . Gidan yana riƙe da sarari na biyu a Oslo, kuma masu mallakar gidan Atle Gerhardsen (*1964 a Oslo) da Nicolai Gerner-Mathisen (*1979 a Oslo) ne ke sarrafa shi.

Atle Gerhardsen ne ya kafa tashar a Oslo a cikin 1995, a ƙarƙashin sunan c / o. Atle Gerhardsen ya nuna ayyukan masu fasaha kamar Tony Oursler, Matthew Ritchie da Carroll Dunham a karon farko a Oslo.[1] Bayan ya koma Berlin a shekara ta 2000, Atle Gerhardsen ya buɗe sararin samaniya a cikin tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Berlin Jannowitzbrücke a ƙarƙashin sunan c / o - Atle Ger Hardsen a shekara ta 2001.[2] A farkon shekara ta 2009, an sake sunan tashar Gerhardsen Gerner don haɗawa da sunan abokin kasuwancin Atle Gerhardsen na shekaru da yawa, Nicolai Gerner-Mathisen . Atle Gerhardsen da Nicolai Gerner-Mathisen sun buɗe ɗakunan su a Oslo a cikin sabon gundumar Tjuvholmen a ranar 15 ga Mayu 2012 .[3][4] A Oslo gallery ya nuna nune-nunen tare da masu zane-zane kamar Tal R, Julian Opie, Georg Herold, Olafur Eliasson ko kuma a watan Maris na 2014 baje kolin rukuni DO NOT DISTURB tare da duo mai zane-zane na Scandinavia Elmgreen & Dragset .[5][6][7][8]

Bayan shekaru 15 a Jannowitzbrücke tashar Berlin ta koma a watan Fabrairun 2016 zuwa sabon wuri a Linienstrasse 85. 

## Manazarta
Zulfiqar Ahmad Naqshbandi

**Zulfiqar Ahmad Naqshbandi** (Urdu; 1 ga Afrilu 1953 - 14 ga Disamba 2025) Masanin addinin Musulunci ne 'Yan Pakistan kuma Shaykh na Sufi na tsarin asiri na Naqshband .  An lissafa Naqshbandi a cikin Musulmai 500 Mafi Muhimmanci na 2013-2014. 

Naqshbandi shi ne wanda ya kafa Mahadul-Faqir Al-Islami, Jhang  kuma an san shi da haɗin kai da makarantar Deobandi. Naqshbandi ya gabatar da jawabai na addini a Pakistan da kasashen waje, gami da Indiya, inda ya yi magana a cibiyoyin kamar Darul Uloom Deoband da Darul U loom Waqf, Deoband.

An dauke shi a matsayin dattijo mai aminci na tsarin Naqshbandi kuma ya ci gaba da matsayi na tauhidi wanda ya dace da manyan malaman Deobandi kuma an san shi da yawan wallafe-wallafen da ya fitar a lokacin da aka dauki samar da masanan Sufi a cikin raguwa. Ya rubuta littattafai sama da ɗari a kan shari'ar Musulunci, ruhaniya, ɗabi'a, da batutuwan zamantakewa. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;**&#x5D;

Naqshbandi ya mutu a ranar 14 ga Disamba 2025 yana da shekaru 72. 

## Tarihin rayuwa
A cikin 2011, Zulfiqar Ahmad Naqshbandi ya yi tafiya zuwa Indiya kuma ya yi magana a cikin 'yan shirye-shiryen da aka shirya a tankin Eidgah Bilali Mansab da Kwalejin Junior Chanchalguda a Hyderabad .  Ya kuma yi magana a shirye-shirye a Masjid Rasheed na Darul Uloom Deoband da kuma Darul U loom Waqf, Deoband . 

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2018, Zulfiqar Ahmad Naqshbandi ya ce makirci game da imanin Finality of Prophethood lamari ne na damuwa ga Musulmai. Dole ne a sanya Ahmadis / Qadyanis su bi dokar kasar, kuma ya kamata a cire su daga manyan mukamai.

Tambayar da aka yi a Darul Ifta na Darul Uloom Deoband game da amincin Naqshbandi an amsa ta a matsayin "Zulfiqar Ahmad Naqshband dattijo ne mai aminci na tsarin Naqshbanda kuma yana bin wannan waƙa kamar na malaman Deoband".

Naqshbandi na daga cikin Musulmai 500 mafi tasiri a duniya a lokacin 2013-2014. 

Kodayake ƙwarewar Sufi ta faɗi a zamanin yau, Naqshbandi ya kasance banda kuma ya buga ko'ina.

## Mutuwa
Zulfiqar Naqshbandi ya mutu a safiyar 14 ga Disamba 2025, yana da shekaru 72 . 

## Ayyukan wallafe-wallafen
A cewar Worldcat.org Naqshbandi shine marubucin littattafai 118, ciki har da: 

* *Fiqh ke buniyādī uṣūl*
* *Zād-i ḥaram*
* *Kula da tsiro mai tsiro: cikakken jagora ga renon yara *
* *K̲h̲avātīn-i Islām ke karamar*
* *Ḥayāʼ aur pākdāminī*
* Ahle Dil Kay Tarpa Dainay Quer Waqiat
* Ilm e-Nafe
* Gunahoon Say Toba Kijiyay
* Alkur'ani-e-Majeed kay Adbi Israr o-Ramooz
* Tasawwuf wa Sulook
* Hayaat-E-Habib (A biography of Peer Ghulam Habib Nashbandi R.A) 
* Ishq-E-Ilahi (Urdu) / Ƙaunar Allah (Turanci) 

## Manazarta

* Maktab e-Faqeer Faisalabad -  An adana shi
Villa ta Liebermann

Liebermann Villa gidan kayan gargajiya ne wanda ke cikin tsohon gidan bazara na mai zane na Jamus Max Liebermann . Tana tsaye ne a bakin tekun Wannsee a Berlin. An buɗe shi ga jama'a tun daga Afrilu 30, 2006 kuma yana nuna tarin zane-zanen Liebermann na gidansa da lambunsa.

## Tarihi

### Max Liebermann
Max Liebermann (1847-1935) ya kasance co-kafa kuma shugaban Berlin Secession kuma shugaban Kwalejin Fasaha ta Prussia (Preußische Akademie der Künste). Nazis sun kore shi a 1933 kuma sun dakatar da shi saboda shi Bayahude ne kuma mai bin abin da suka ɗauka a matsayin fasaha mai lalacewa. Ya zana kimanin zane-zane 200 na lambun a gidansa, wasu daga cikinsu ana nuna su a cikin tsohon ɗakinsa a bene na sama.

### Birni
A cikin 1909, ya sayi wani yanki mai ƙanƙanta tare da kai tsaye zuwa gabar Tafkin Wannsee don tserewa daga hayaniya ta birnin Berlin. Ya zauna a can a lokacin rani, daga 1910 zuwa gaba. Masanin gine-gine Paul Otto Baumgarten ne ya gina gidan. Liebermann ya kira shi "ƙaramin gidansa kusa da tafkin". An kammala shi a watan Afrilu, 1910.

## Manazarta
Martin-Gropius-Bau

**Martin-Gropius-Bau**, wanda aka fi sani da **Gropius Bau**, wani muhimmin wuri ne na baje kolin a Berlin, Jamus. Asalin gidan kayan gargajiya ne na zane-zane, ginin ya kasance abin tunawa na tarihi tun 1966. Tana a 7 Niederkirchnerstraße a Berlin-Kreuzberg .

## Tarihi da gine-gine
Ginin ya gina tsakanin 1877 da 1881 ta hanyar gine-ginen Martin Gropius, babban kawun Walter Gropius. Ginin ya buɗe a hukumance a shekara ta 1881.  Shirin ƙasa yana da quadratic (tsawon kowane gefe c. 70 m; tsawo na gini c. 26 m). Gidajen baje kolin suna kewaye da wani babban atrium da aka yi wa ado da mosaics da kuma makamai na jihohin Jamus ta hanyar mai zane Otto Lessing.

Asalin an tsara shi don gidan Tarihin Ayyuka na Berlin, bayan Yaƙin Duniya na I ginin ya ƙunshi Gidan Tarihi na Berlin na Prehistory da Tarihin Farko da Tarihin Gabashin Asiya. An lalata shi sosai a 1945 a cikin makonni na ƙarshe na Yaƙin Duniya na II, kuma an sake buɗe shi a 1981 bayan sake ginawa bayan yaƙin da ya fara a 1978. An ci gaba da gyare-gyare a cikin 1998/1999 wanda ya haifar da abin da ake yawan bayyanawa a matsayin ɗayan kyawawan gine-ginen baje kolin tarihi na Jamus.

Har zuwa sake hadewar Jamus a 1990, ginin ya tsaya a kan iyaka tsakanin Gabas da Yammacin Berlin, a kan iyakar gundumar Mitte ta Gabashin Berlin. 

Martin-Gropius-Bau ya nuna ayyukan Ai Weiwei, Walker Evans, Anish Kapoor, Johannes Itten da Paul Klee.

## Bayyanawa
Yawancin lokaci ana kiran tashar da Gropius Bau . 

Matsayinta na tsakiya na Berlin, girman girmansa, da kayan ado na gine-gine, ba tare da ambaton ingancin nune-nunen wucin gadi ba, sun taimaka masa ya zama babban abin jan hankali na al'adu da yawon bude ido. A gefen titin akwai ginin majalisa na "birni da jihar" na Berlin (Abgeordneten Haus), wanda aka gina shi ne a 1899 don gidan Majalisar dokokin Prussia. Cibiyar rubuce-rubucen Reich na Uku Topography of Terror tana kusa da Martin-Gropius-Bau. Potsdamer Platz yana da nisan mita 100.

## Manazarta
Cibiyar KW don Fasaha ta zamani

**Cibiyar KW don Fasaha ta zamani** (wanda aka fi sani da Kunst-Werke) cibiyar fasaha ce ta zamani da ke cikin Auguststraße 69 a Berlin-Mitte, Jamus . Klaus Biesenbach shine darektan kafa KW; darektan yanzu shine Emma Enderby .

KW tana aiki tare da sauran wuraren zane-zane na zamani na ƙasa da na duniya, kamar MoMA PS1 a New York, Julia Stoschek Collection a Düsseldorf / Berlin, Mophradat a Belgium, da Schering Stiftung  a Berlin.

## Tarihi

An kafa cibiyar ne a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 1991, kasa da shekaru biyu bayan faduwar Ginin Berlin, a cikin wani masana'antar Berlin da aka bari wanda ya taɓa samar da margarine.[1] Wadanda suka kafa shi sune Klaus Biesenbach, dalibi mai shekaru 25 na likita, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Switzerland Alexandra Binswanger, Clemens Homburger, dalibi ne na gine-gine, [2] Philipp von Doering, dalibi na zane-zane na sadarwa, [3] da Alfonso Rutigliano, dalibi ce ta gine-gine.[4][5]

Sashe na Kunst-Werke na sunan cibiyar wasa ne akan kalmomi, yana nufin a zahiri ga ayyukan fasaha da kuma kwatanci ga ra'ayin amfani da jama'a wanda ke samar da fasaha.

## Manazarta
Gidauniyar LAS Art

LAS Art Foundation kungiya ce ta zane-zane mai tunani a Berlin, Jamus. Jan Fischer da Bettina Kames ne suka ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 2019, suna mai da hankali kan bincika haɗuwa da fasaha, kimiyya da fasaha.

Babban manufar tushe shine bunkasa ayyukan da abubuwan da suka faru da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi makomar da kuma bincika batutuwa daga hankali na wucin gadi da lissafin lissafi zuwa ilimin muhalli da biotechnology.

Gidauniyar LAS Art tana aiki tare da masu zane-zane, masu tunani da cibiyoyi don haɓaka sabbin ayyuka da gogewa. Ta hanyar shirye-shiryensa daban-daban, wanda ya haɗa da sabbin nune-nunen da wasan kwaikwayon da ke akwai, shirye-shirye na ilimi, wallafe-wallafe, da ayyukan bincike, tushe yana neman haskaka alaƙar da ke tsakanin fasaha, kimiyya da fasaha.

## Tarihi
An kafa LAS a matsayin dandamali don nune-nunen da ke bincika haɗuwa tsakanin kimiyya, fasaha da fasaha. An kafa tushe ne ta hanyar ɗan kasuwa Jan Fischer da masanin tarihin fasaha Bettina Kames, waɗanda dukansu suna so su kawo waɗannan jigogi ga masu sauraro marasa ƙwarewa.[undefined] A halin yanzu, tushe yana da wurare daban-daban, kuma nune-nunen suna faruwa a wurare daban-ара a Berlin, gami da Berlin__ilo____ilo____ilo__ da Halle am Berghain . [undefined] Manyan masu kula da yanzu sune Carly Whitefield da Boris Magrini.[1][2]

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2023, Light Art Space ya canza sunansa zuwa LAS Art Foundation, wanda ya haifar da sake fasalin da sabon shafin yanar gizon. Kungiyar ta samar da nune-nunen, abubuwan da suka faru da shirye-shiryen ilimi da ke bincika hanyoyin fasaha, kimiyya da fasaha tun daga shekarar 2019. Sake fasalin yana nuna juyin halitta na kungiyar da kuma jajircewa don yin fasaha ga kowa. Sabon shafin yanar gizon yana ba da dandamali na hulɗa ga masu sauraro don bincika abubuwan da suka gabata, na yanzu da na gaba na kungiyar.

## Shirye-shiryen
Tare da abokan aiki, nune-nunen kwamitocin LAS, wasan kwaikwayo da tsarin gwaji, wanda ke kawo sabbin ra'ayoyi ga batutuwa masu mahimmanci na zamaninmu, daga hankali na wucin gadi, caca da lissafin lissafi zuwa ilimin muhalli da biotechnology.

Nunin farko daga LAS ya haɗa da mai zane Refik Anadol, wanda ya gabatar da takamaiman shigarwa da ake kira 'Latent Being' a Kraftwerk Berlin daga 23 ga Nuwamba 2019 zuwa 5 ga Janairu 2020.  Babban shigarwa ya nuna zane-zanen bayanan AI wanda ya amsa girman tsohon tashar wutar lantarki ta Gabashin Berlin. Yanayin da ke da ma'amala da mu'amala ya canza bayanai game da birni, gine-gine, da baƙi zuwa zane-zanen bayanan AI na hallucinogenic akan ganuwar LED. Ayyukan Anadol sun kalubalanci fahimtar baƙi game da sararin samaniya da alakarsu da ƙungiyoyin AI, suna faɗaɗa yiwuwar gine-gine, labari da jiki a motsi.

## Manazarta
Gidan Tarihi na Keramik na Berlin

Gidan kayan gargajiya na Keramik-Museum Berlin (KMB, Gidan kayan tarihi na Berlin) gidan kayan gargajiya ne na yumbu a Berlin . An kafa shi a cikin 1990 kuma yana cikin wani gini na tarihi a unguwar Charlottenburg tun daga watan Janairun shekara ta 2004. Nuni suna nuna zane-zane na gargajiya da ayyukan sanannun masu zane-zane.

## Tarihi
Gidan kayan gargajiya yana cikin tsohuwar gidan garin da ke cikin tsohon garin Charlottenburg. An gina shi ne a cikin 1712 biyo bayan tsare-tsaren da Eosander von Göthe, masanin gine-ginen Frederick I na Prussia ya tsara.

Majalisar Dattijai ta Berlin ta sanya ginin da ya lalace a cikin jerin muhimman Al'adun al'adu a 1981.  A ranar 24 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1983 mai shi ya yi ƙoƙari ya rushe gidan ba bisa ka'ida ba amma an hana shi ta hanyar kukan jama'a. Gundumar ta karɓi ginin kuma masanin gine-gine Ulli Böhme ya gyara shi ta amfani da kayan gini da hanyoyin karni na 18. Sabuntawa tare da bangon gargajiya an ba da kuɗin jama'a.

## Nuni da tarin
Ƙungiyar Abokai na Gidan Tarihi na Berlin ce ke shirya nune-nunen, wanda ke hayar ginin daga gundumar Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf. Tarin ya kunshi abubuwa na karni na 19 da 20, gami da ayyukan Peter Behrens, Charles Crodel, Margarete Heymann, Max Laeuger, Otto Lindig, Hedwig Marquardt da Henry van de Velde. [1]

## Manazarta
Nazar-ur-Rehman

**Maulana Nazar-ur-Rehman** (Urdu) mai wa'azi ne na Islama a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin Amir (Shugaba) na Tablighi Jamaat a Pakistan .  An haife shi a shekara ta 1929 a ƙauyen Bilawal, gundumar Rawalpindi, Punjab . Mahaifinsa, Hafiz Ghulam Mohiuddin, ya kasance mai bin Pir Meher Ali Shah, yana tafiya zuwa Golra Sharif a kai a kai. Maulana Nazar-ur-Rehman da 'yan uwansa Haji Hafiz Fazl Hussain da Hafiz Muhammad Siddique an san su a cikin gida a matsayin' yan uwan "Bamsami".

## Rayuwa ta farko
A cewar Hamad Nazir Ranjha's History and Tazikra of Khanqah Sirajiya Naqshbandiyya Mujadiya, Maulana Nazar-ur-Rehman ya sami ilimin farko daga Maulana Abdul Khaliq a Mauza Bhatral, gundumar Rawalpindi, sannan daga baya daga Mufti Abdul Hai Qureshi da Darul Uloom Rabbaniyya a Bhuigad. Ya bi karatun Islama mafi girma tare da Maulana Fariduddin Qureshi kuma ya kammala Daora Hadith (Hadith da Tafseer studies) daga Sheikh Al-Hadith Maulana Sultan Mahmood, almajirin Sheikh Al'Hind Maulana Mahmood Hasan Deobandi, a Madrasah Khadim Uloom Nabubuat, Kathiala Sheikhan, Gujarat, a cikin 1949-1950 .

Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya koma kauyen Bilawal daga 1950 zuwa 1955, ya ɗauki matsayin Imam a masallacin yankin, ya gaji ɗan'uwansa Haji Hafiz Fazl Hussain, wanda daga nan ya jagoranci addu'o'i a masallaciyar ƙauyen Jatli kusa da Gujar Khan . 

## Shigar da Ofishin Jakadancin Tablighi
Bayan ya kwashe shekaru hudu a Bilawal, ya koma Buigarh sannan ya yi aiki a masallatai a Taxila da DM Textile Mills a Dhok Hasu, Rawalpindi . Daga baya, ya ba da shekaru goma don yin wa'azi a Zakaria Masjid, Rawalpindi . A ƙarshe, Maulana Nazar-ur-Rehman ya ɗauki muhimmiyar alhakin a Cibiyar Tablighi ta Duniya a Raiwind, Lahore, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mambobi ashirin na farko na Pakistan na Tablighi Jamaat kuma yana aiki tare da Haji Abdul Wahab .  A cikin wasiƙarsa mai kwanan wata 17 ga Nuwamba 2015, Haji Abdul Wahab ya ƙayyade Maulana Nazar-ur-Rehman a matsayin magajin da aka fi so kuma ya nemi ya jagoranci addu'o'in jana'izarsa. Bayan rasuwar Haji Abdul Wahab a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba 2018, Maulana Nazar-ur-Rehman ya zama shugaban Pakistan Tablighi Jamaat . 

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje
Kunstgewerbemuseum Berlin

Kunstgewerbemuseum, ko Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha, muhimmiyar gidan kayan gargajiya ce ta duniya na zane-zane a Berlin, Jamus, wani ɓangare na Staatliche Museen zu Berlin (Masu Tarihin Jihar Berlin). An raba tarin tsakanin ginin Kunstgewerbemuseum a Kulturforum (52°30′35′′N 13°22′03′′E / 52.5097°N 13.3674°E / 52.55097; 13.3674 (Kunstgewerbem Museum, Kulturforum)) da kuma Fadar Köpenick (52°26′38′′N 13 °34′22′′E / 32.44°E / 32.4939; 13.5728 (Kunstgeswerbemuseum, Schloss Köpenick)).

## Tarihi
An kafa shi a 1868 a matsayin Deutsches Gewerbe-Museum zu Berlin, kuma da farko yana da Cibiyar koyarwa da kuma gidan kayan gargajiya na jama'a. Tarin ya karu sosai a cikin shekarun 1870, [1] kuma an sake masa suna Kunstgewerbemuseum a cikin 1879. A shekara ta 1881 ya koma cikin Martin-Gropius-Bau - inda Priam's Treasure ya kasance a kan nuni na wani lokaci - kuma a shekara ta 1921 ya koma cikin Stadtschloss.

An lalata wasu sassan tarin a yakin duniya na biyu,  kuma abubuwan da suka tsira sun rabu tsakanin Gabas da Yammacin Berlin.  Tarin Gabas ya koma Fadar Köpenick a 1963, yayin da nune-nunen Yamma suka fara zuwa Fadar Charlottenburg, sannan zuwa sabon ginin gidan kayan gargajiya a cikin Kulturforum  a 1985, wanda Rolf Gutbrod ya gina.

## Tarin da nune-nunen
Gidan kayan gargajiya yana da tarin zane-zane, gami da abubuwa daga Zamanin Tsakiya da Renaissance. Kayan ado a cikin Baroque da Rococo style an haɗa su da knick-knack a Jugendstil da Art Deco. Gidan kayan gargajiya zai nuna zane na gargajiya kawai. Gidan kayan gargajiya yana zaune a fadar Baroque ta Köpenick da Kulturforum wanda aka kammala a shekarar 1985.

Akwai tarin abubuwa masu mahimmanci na Late Antique a cikin kafofin watsa labarai da yawa. Abubuwan da suka fito daga Zamanin Tsakiya sun haɗa da adadi mai yawa na kayan zinariya ciki har da hannun kayan St. Caesarius.   Renaissance yana wakiltar kayan azurfa daga 'yan majalisa na Lüneburg, da kuma siffofin tagulla, zane-zane, kayan daki, tabarau na Venetian da maiolicas daga kotunan sarauta na Italiya.
 

## Manazarta
Jagdschloss Grunewald

**Jagdschloss Grunewald**, gidan farauta, shine mafi tsufa da aka kiyaye a Berlin, Jamus. Yana kan kudancin kogin Grunewaldsee kuma yana daga cikin yankin Dahlem a cikin garin Steglitz-Zehlendorf .

An gina Jagdschloss a cikin 1542/1543. Mai shi ne Joachim II Hector yarima-zaɓe na Margraviate na Brandenburg . An halicci ginin a cikin salon Renaissance kuma ya sami sunan Zum grünen Wald, "zuwa cikin gandun daji", kuma ya ba duk Grunewald sunansa. A kusa da 1800 masarautar ta sami sunan Grunewald. A lokacin sake ginawa tsakanin 1705 da 1708 da Prussia" id="mwIg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Frederick I of Prussia">Frederick I, sarki na farko na Prussia, ya sami ƙirar Baroque daga masanin ginin Martin Grünberg.

Jagdschloss an gudanar da shi ne ta hanyar Gidauniyar Palaces da Gardens ta Prussian Berlin-Brandenburg tun 1932 kuma ana amfani da shi azaman gidan kayan gargajiya. Ya ƙunshi zane-zane na Lucas Cranach the Elder, ɗansa Lucas Cranachthe Younger, kuma daga Netherlands da Jamus daga karni na 15 zuwa 19. Jagdschloss ya ƙunshi zauren da ya rage a Berlin daga lokacin Renaissance. A shekara ta 1977, an kafa tarin kayan farauta a wani gini da ke kusa.

## Ginin Jagdschlössern a ƙarƙashin Kurfürst Joachim II . Hector&nbsp;

A farkon karni na 16 Elector Joachim II Hector ya fara gina gidajen farauta a cikin Margraviate na Brandenburg a cikin gandun daji da daji a kusa da Alt-Berlin da Cölln. Baya ga ɗakunan farauta masu sauƙi, galibi an tsara su da katako, an gina ɗakunan farautar a Bötzow (daga baya Oranienburg), a cikin Teltower Heide tare da Grunewald kuma a Köpenick, an gina gidajen farauta na Renaissance a cikin salon Renaissance, da kuma ɗakunan da aka canza don wannan dalili a Potsdam da Grimnitz kusa da Joachimsthal a gefen Schfheoride. Daga cikin wadannan gidajen sarauta daga lokacin Joachim II, gidan farauta na Grunewald ne kawai ya tsira.

## Manazarta
Gidan kayan gargajiya na Käthe Kollwitz (Berlin)

**Gidan kayan gargajiya na [[Käthe Kollwitz]]** gidan kayan gargajiya ne a Berlin wanda ke da ɗayan manyan tarin ayyukan ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Jamus Käthe Collwitz (1867-1945), wanda ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki a Prenzlauer Berg na Berlin sama da shekaru 50.

Gidan kayan gargajiya ya buɗe a shekara ta 1986, kuma ya samo asali ne daga mai tara kayan fasaha Hans Pels-Leusden (d.1993). Pels-Leusden ya kasance yana tattara ayyukan mai zane tun 1950, kuma ya kirkiro nune-nunen Kollwitz na farko a shekarar 1965. Ya ba da zane-zane 95, zane-zane 40 da kuma Hotuna asali 10 ga gidan kayan gargajiya.

Gidan kayan gargajiya yanzu yana da ayyuka sama da 200, gami da bugawa, zane-zane, posters, sculptures da woodcuts. Abubuwan da Shuka! fi dacewa sun haɗa da lithograph Brot! (1924), hotunan kai, sake zagayowar katako Krieg (1922/23), yana aiki a kan taken mutuwa, da kuma katako don tunawa da Karl Liebknecht (1919/1920).[1][2] Gidan da ke sama yana dauke da siffar Kollwitz mai tsawon mita 2.1 ta Gustav Seitz.

Akwai nune-nunen na musamman kusan sau biyu a shekara.

Gidan kayan gargajiya ya kasance a kan Fasanenstraße tun 2022, a cikin wani villa daga 1871 wanda ke nuna gyare-gyare na ƙarshen-classicist daga 1897. An lalata ginin a wani bangare a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kuma ba a mayar da shi ba har zuwa shekarun 1980.  Yanzu ya zama wani ɓangare na abin da ake kira Wintergartenensemble, tare da Literaturhaus Berlin da ke kusa (ciki har da Café Wintergarten) da Villa Grisebach . 

## Manazarta
Shirin (Jamusanci ba riba ba)

Shirin wani shiri ne na ba da riba na Jamus wanda ke da niyyar fadada iyakokin horo na gine-gine ta hanyar hadin gwiwa tare da wasu fannoni. An kafa aikin ne a Berlin, Carson Chan (an haife shi a 1980 a Hong Kong) da Fotini Lazaridou-Hatzigoga (an haifi shi a 1979 a Thessaloniki, Girka) ne suka kafa aikin a shekara ta 2006. Shirin yana samar da dandamali na magana ga masu fasaha, gine-gine, masu sukar da masu kulawa don bincika sababbin ra'ayoyi ta hanyar nune-nunen, wasan kwaikwayo, bita, laccoci da zama. Nuni yana wakiltar babban bangare na aikin Shirin don fadada fahimtar yanzu game da gine-gine, a cikin ka'ida da kuma aiki. Bayan shekaru shida na shirye-shirye, PROGRAM ta rufe wurin ta na Berlin a cikin 2012.

## Manazarta

*  
*
Gidan kayan gargajiya na Pergamon

**Gidan kayan gargajiya na Pergamon** (Jamusanci: Pergamonmuseum; mai suna [ˈpɛʁ.ɡa.mɔn.muˌzeː.ʊm] i) gini ne da aka jera a Tsibirin Gidan Tarihi a tsakiyar tarihi na Berlin, Jamus. An gina shi daga 1910 zuwa 1930 ta hanyar umarnin Sarkin sarakuna Wilhelm II kuma bisa ga tsare-tsaren Alfred Messel da Ludwig Hoffmann a cikin salon Stripped Classicism .  A matsayin wani ɓangare na Tarihin Tarihi, an kara Gidan Tarihi na Pergamon a cikin Jerin Tarihin Duniya na UNESCO a cikin 1999 saboda gine-ginensa da shaidar juyin halitta na gidajen tarihi a matsayin abubuwan gine-gine da zamantakewa.

Kafin rufe shi a 2023, Gidan Tarihi na Pergamon ya kasance gida ga **, gami da sanannen bagaden Pergamon, Gidan Tarihin Vorderasiatisches da Gidan Tarih na Islamische Kunst. 

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2023, an rufe gidan kayan gargajiya gaba ɗaya ga baƙi, kuma ana sa ran zai kasance mafi yawa a rufe na tsawon shekaru 14 zuwa 20 - har zuwa 2037 zuwa 2043 - don aiwatar da ayyukan sabuntawa. Ana sa ran za a sake buɗe Yankin Arewa a cikin 2027.  

## Asalin
A lokacin da Kaiser-Friedrich-Museum a tsibirin Museum (a yau Bodemuseum) ya buɗe a 1904, a bayyane yake cewa ginin bai isa ya karɓi bakuncin duk fasahar da dukiyar archaeological da ake tonowa ba, an kama su kuma yawancin kayan tarihi ana canja su zuwa Jamus a asirce a ƙarƙashin kulawar Jamus ba tare da barin hukumomin asalin ƙasar ba. Ana gudanar da tonowa a yankunan tsohuwar Babila, Uruk, Assur, Miletus, Priene da tsohuwar Misira, kuma abubuwa daga waɗannan shafuka ba za a iya nuna su yadda ya kamata a cikin tsarin gidan kayan gargajiya na Jamus ba. Wilhelm von Bode, darektan gidan kayan gargajiya na Kaiser-Friedrich, ya fara shirye-shiryen gina sabon gidan kayan gargajiya a kusa don karɓar gine-ginen tsohuwar Jamus, fasahar Jamus ta baya, da Gabas ta Tsakiya da fasahar Islama.

Alfred Messel ya fara zane don babban gini mai fuka-fuki uku a cikin 1906. Bayan mutuwarsa a 1909 abokinsa Ludwig Hoffman ya ɗauki alhakin aikin kuma ginin ya fara a 1910, ya ci gaba a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na farko (1918) da kuma babban hauhawar farashin shekarun 1920. An buɗe ginin da aka kammala a cikin 1930.

Gidan kayan gargajiya na Pergamon ya lalace sosai yayin hare-haren iska a Berlin a ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. Yawancin abubuwan nuni an adana su a wurare masu aminci, kuma an rufe wasu manyan nune-nunen don kariya. A shekara ta 1945, Sojojin Red Army sun tattara dukkan kayan gidan kayan gargajiya, ko dai a matsayin ganimar yaki ko sata su yayin da gobarar ke tashi a Berlin. Ba har zuwa 1958 ba ne yawancin abubuwa suka koma Gabashin Jamus. Abubuwa masu mahimmanci na tarin sun kasance a Rasha. Wasu a halin yanzu ana adana su a Gidan Tarihi na Pushkin a Moscow da Gidan Tarihin Hermitage a Saint Petersburg. An shirya dawo da waɗannan abubuwa a cikin yarjejeniya tsakanin Jamus da Rasha amma, tun daga watan Yunin 2003, dokokin maido da Rasha sun toshe shi.

## Nuni

## Manazarta
Gidan zane-zane na Max Hetzler

**Galerie Max Hetzler** wani gallery ne na fasahar zamani tare da wurare a Berlin, Paris da London.

## Tarihi
An kafa Galerie Max Hetzler a Stuttgart a shekara ta 1974. A cikin 1981, tashar ta gabatar da nune-nunen farko na Martin Kippenberger da Albert Oehlen. A shekara ta 1983 tashar ta koma Cologne, cibiyar fasahar zamani a Jamus a lokacin, kuma ta bi wani shirin tare da wasu manyan masu fasahar Jamus da Amurka daga 80s.

Daga 1989 har zuwa 1992, Max Hetzler ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Luhring Augustine Gallery kan kafa Luhring Augustine Hetzler a Los Angeles. Yankin murabba'in mita 4,500 (mita murabba'i 420) yana cikin wani gini da aka gyara a 1330 4th Street a Santa Monica.

Max Hetzler ya koma Berlin a 1993, inda ya kaddamar da sarari a Charlottenburg a 1994.  A shekara mai zuwa, an buɗe sarari na biyu a Zimmerstraße, kusa da Checkpoint Charlie. Wannan nan da nan ya zama babban tashar, inda nune-nunen masu zane-zane daga tsararraki daban-daban suka faru.

A ƙarshen shekarun 1990s, Max Hetzler ya haɗu da sojoji tare da Wata-linkid="20" href="./Jeffrey_Deitch" id="mwIw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Jeffrey Deitch">Jeffrey Deitch da Anthony d'Offay don saka hannun jari sosai a Bikin ƙirar Jeff Koons's Celebration a Kudancin California da ke Carlson & Company (ciki har da jerin Balloon Dog da Moon), [1] kuma daga baya, a Arnold, kamfanin Frankfurt.[2] Dillalan sun ba da kuɗin aikin a wani ɓangare ta hanyar sayar da ayyuka ga masu tarawa kafin a ƙirƙira su.[3]

A shekara ta 2006, Galerie Max Hetzler ta buɗe sarari a cikin tsohuwar masana'antar fitila, Osram-Höfe a cikin bikin aure, wanda ya zama babban tashar a shekara ta 2009. 1,600 sqm na wannan sararin masana'antu ya shirya shirye-shiryen solo na Mona Hatoum, Marepe, Beatriz Milhazes, Ernesto Neto, Frank Nitsche, Michael Raedecker, Bridget Riley, Rebecca Warren, Toby Ziegler da sauransu, da kuma nuna rukuni. A cikin 2013 tashar ta yi bikin cika shekaru 40 tare da wasan kwaikwayon rukuni "Ka tuna komai" ciki har da duk masu zane-zane da ke wakiltar yanzu kamar Glenn Brown, André Butzer, Rineke Dijkstra, Günther Förg, Mona Hatoum, Jeff Koons, Vera Lutter, Marepe, Beatriz Milhazes, Ernesto Neto, Frank Nitsche, Albert Oehlen, Yves Oppenheim, Richard Phillips, Michael Raedecker, Bridget Riley, Thomas Struth, Warren, Christopher Wool da Rebecca Ziegler.&nbsp;

## Manazarta
Neuer Berliner Kunstverein

Neue Berlin Kunstverein (Turanci: "Sabon Kungiyar Fasaha ta Berlin"), wanda aka taƙaita NBK, N.B.k. ko NBK, kungiya ce ta fasaha da aka kafa a Berlin a shekarar 1969 wacce aka sadaukar da ita don inganta fasahar zamani.[1][2] Kungiyar tana da ɗakunan baje kolin dindindin a kan Chausseestrasse a Berlin-Mitte . Artothek, wanda NBK ke sarrafawa tun 1970, ɗakin karatu ne na aro na fasaha tare da ayyukan fasaha 4,000 waɗanda za a iya aro su.[2][3][4] The Video-Forum, wanda aka kafa a 1971, tarin fasahar bidiyo ne wanda a yau ya ƙunshi fiye da ayyuka 1700. [1] [2] [5][6]

## Bayanan littattafai

* Rosemarie Bremer, Lucie Schauer: 10 Jahre NBK: Bilanz und Rechenschaft aus Berlin. Neuer Berliner Kunstverein, Berlin 1979.
* Rosemarie Bremer, Renate Grisebach: 20 Jahre NBK: daga zweite Jahrzehnt. Neuer Berliner Kunstverein, Berlin 1989.
* Marius Nefarious, Sophie Goltz, Kathrin Becker (Hrsg.): Kunst und Öffentlichkeit: 40 Jahre Neuer Berliner Kunstverein. König, Köln 2009, ( ).  (Catalog a lokacin baje kolin wannan sunan a cikin NBK daga Maris 28 zuwa Mayu 10, 2009.) 

## Manazarta
Nigel Lawson

**Nigel Lawson, Baron Lawson na Blaby**, PC (11 Maris 1932 - 3 Afrilu 2023) ɗan siyasan Burtaniya ne, ɗan jarida kuma Mai musanta canjin yanayi. Wani memba na Jam'iyyar Conservative, ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na majalisar dokoki na Blaby a Leicestershire daga 1974 zuwa 1992, kuma ya yi aiki na majalisar ministocin Margaret Thatcher daga 1981 zuwa 1989. Kafin ya shiga majalisar ministoci, ya yi aiki a matsayin Sakataren Kudi na Baitulmalin daga Mayu 1979 har zuwa lokacin da ya sami ci gaba zuwa Sakataren Gwamnati na Makamashi. An nada shi Shugaban Ma'aikatar Kudi a watan Yunin 1983 kuma ya yi aiki har zuwa lokacin da ya yi murabus a watan Oktoba 1989. A cikin mukaman majalisar ministoci guda biyu, Lawson ya kasance babban mai goyon bayan manufofin Thatcher na mallakar manyan masana'antu da yawa.

Lawson ya kasance mai ba da baya daga 1989 har zuwa lokacin da ya yi ritaya a 1992 kuma ya zauna a cikin House of Lords daga 1992 zuwa ci gaba da ritaya a 2022. Ya ci gaba da aiki a siyasa a matsayin shugaban Conservatives na Burtaniya, kamfen don Burtaniya ta bar Tarayyar Turai, kuma ya kasance fitaccen mai sukar EU. Ya kuma kafa kungiyar masu musanta canjin yanayi ta Global Warming Policy Foundation kuma ya nada kansa shugaban, kuma ya kasance mai goyon bayan Vote Leave.

Lawson shi ne mahaifin yara shida, ciki har da Nigella Lawson, Marubucin abinci kuma sanannen mai dafa abinci, Dominic Lawson, ɗan jarida, da Tom Lawson, shugaban Kwalejin Eastbourne.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Nigel Lawson a ranar 11 ga Maris 1932 ga dangin Yahudawa da ba na Orthodox ba  da ke zaune a Hampstead, London.  Mahaifinsa, Ralph Lawson (1904-1982), shi ne mai mallakar kamfanin sayar da shayi a Birnin London, yayin da mahaifiyarsa, Joan Elizabeth (née Davis, ta mutu a 1998), ita ma ta fito ne daga dangin masu cinikin kaya masu arziki. Kakan mahaifinsa, Gustav Leibson, ɗan kasuwa daga Mitau (yanzu Jelgava a Latvia), ya canza sunansa daga Leibson zuwa Lawson a 1925,  bayan ya zama ɗan Burtaniya a 1911 . 

## Manazarta
Nizamuddin Azami

**Nizamuddin Azami** (Urdu; Nuwamba 1910 - 26 Fabrairu 2000) masanin addinin Musulunci ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaba Mufti na goma sha biyu kuma na karshe na Darul Uloom Deoband . Ya ba da gudummawa a cikin Shari'ar Musulunci, kuma ayyukansa sun haɗa da *Muntakhabat-e-Nizām al-Fatāwa*, tarin zaɓaɓɓun fatwas da ya rubuta a lokacin da yake Deoband.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Nizamuddin Azami a 1910 a Undra, Gundumar Azamgarh .  Ya kasance daga zuriyar malamai kuma yana da kyakkyawar sha'awar ilimin addini tun yana ƙarami. Mahaifinsa Muhammad Rafi dan Zamindar ne. Duk da ƙarfafawa na farko don neman ilimi na zamani, ya nuna sha'awarsa na samun ilimin addini. Ya fara karatunsa a Madrasa Ihyaul Uloom a Mubarakpur, Azamgarh, inda ya sami damar koyo daga sanannun malamai, gami da Shah Wasiullah . Bayan kammala karatunsa na farko, Nizamuddin Azami ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Madrasa Aziziya a Bihar Sharif sannan a Madrasa Aliya Fatehpuri a Delhi. Daga bisani ya shiga Darul Uloom Deoband, inda ya kammala Dawra-e Hadith a 1933.  Malamansa sun hada da Shukrullah Mubarakpuri, Hussain Ahmad Madani, Asghar Hussain Deobandi, Izaz Ali Amrohi, Muhammad Ibrahim Balyawi, da Muhammad Shafi.

## Ayyuka
Bayan kammala karatunsa, Nizamuddin Azami ya koyar a madrasas daban-daban. Ya yi aiki a matsayin malami a Madrasa Jami'ul Uloom a Jatinpur,  Azamgarh na tsawon shekaru biyar, sannan Madrasa Jami 'ul Uloum Dhamal a Gorakhpur na tsawon shekaru uku.  Daga nan sai ya tafi Darul Uloom Mau bisa ga shawarar jagoran ruhaniya, Shah Wasiullah, kuma ya shafe shekaru ashirin da biyar yana koyarwa da bayar da fatwas (ra'ayoyin shari'a) a can.

A shekara ta 1965, Nizamuddin Azami ya shiga Darul Uloom Deoband a matsayin Mufti (masanin da ya cancanci bayar da fatwas) kuma ya yi aiki a can har zuwa mutuwarsa a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, 2000. An san shi da kwarewarsa wajen warware batutuwan zamani da kuma amfani da ka'idodin Islama ta hanyar Qiyas (tunanin analogical) da Ijtihad (tunancin shari'a mai zaman kansa).  Dalibansa sun hada da Abdul Haq Azmi, Mujahidul Islam Qasmi, Nizamuddin Asir Adrawi da Khalid Saifullah Rahmani . 

## Gudummawa
Ya rubuta game da martani 75,000 ga tambayoyin, wanda aka adana a cikin rajista mai yawa 125, tare da rajista daban da aka keɓe don tattara mafi mahimman fatwas. Ayyukansa mafi shahara shine tarin *Muntakhabat-e-Nizām al-Fatāwa*, wanda ya ƙunshi zaɓaɓɓun fatwas da ya rubuta a lokacin da yake Darul Uloom Deoband . Mujahidul Islam Qasmi ya kula da bugawa. Kwalejin Fiqh ta Musulunci a New Delhi ce ta buga kundin littattafai guda biyu na fatwas dinsa, yayin da Islamic Fiqh Academy Publications daga baya ta buga wani fadada a cikin kundin uku. Ya shirya kuma ya buga littafin *Fath al-Rahman fi Ithbāt Madhab al-Nu'man* na 'Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi .  Ya kuma rubuta littattafai da yawa a kan Hadith, Fiqh, da sauran batutuwa, ciki har da *Aqsaamul Ahaadith*, *Osulul Hadith*, *Assan Ilmus-sarf*, AssanIlmun-Nahu, Sirajul Waritheen Sharhu Siraji, Mazaya Imam Azam, da sauransu.

## Dubi kuma

* Deobandi fiqh
* Jerin Deobandis

## Manazarta
Nigel Watson

**Nigel Jerome Edwin Watson** (24 Satumba 1947 - 16 Fabrairu 2019) ya kasance ɗan wasan guitar na Ingila wanda aka fi sani da aikinsa tare da tsohon guitarist na Fleetwood Mac Peter Green .

## Ayyuka
Bayan Green ya bar Fleetwood Mac a shekarar 1970, ya yi aiki tare da Watson a kan waƙoƙi guda biyu, "Heavy Heart" da "Beasts of Burden", wanda aka ba da wannan ga mawaƙa biyu. Watson kuma ya bi Green a matsayin dan wasan conga a kan yawon shakatawa na Amurka tare da Fleetwood Mac a watan Fabrairu da Maris na shekara ta 1971. Jeremy Spencer ya bar ƙungiyar ba zato ba tsammani kuma sun nemi Green ya cika kuma ya taimaka musu wajen cika wajibai na yawon shakatawa. Watson a wannan lokacin surukin kocin Fleetwood Mac Clifford Davis ne.

A shekara ta 1996, Watson da Green sun sake yin aiki tare, kuma Watson ya kasance mai tasiri wajen shawo kan Green ya koma kiɗa bayan ya kasance mai kiɗa na shekaru da yawa. Sun kafa Ƙungiyar Peter Green Splinter Group, kuma sun saki kundi da yawa a cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa har sai kungiyar ta rabu a shekara ta 2004. Green ba koyaushe yake jin daɗi da tsakiya ba yayin wasa kai tsaye, kuma Watson ya ba da ƙarin mayar da hankali a kan mataki, yana raira waƙa da kuma kunna guitar. Ya kuma kirkiro waƙoƙi da yawa da aka rubuta don kundin.

## Mutuwa
Ya mutu a ranar 16 ga Fabrairu 2019. 

## Bayanan da aka yi

### Ma'aurata

* Peter Green - "Zuciya mai nauyi" / "Babu Hanyar fita" (1970) Maimaitawa K14082
* Nigel Watson da Peter Green - "Beasts of Burden" / "Uganda Woman" (Janairu 1972) Maimaita K1414141
Reichsbahnbunker Friedrichstraße

***Reichsbahnbunker Friedrichstraße*** a Berlin-Mitte, Jamus, wani tsari ne na iska wanda aka gina a 1943 kuma yanzu ana amfani dashi azaman gallery na fasaha da kuma ɗakin masu zaman kansu.

## Tarihi da bayanin
Asalinsa ya dogara ne akan tsare-tsaren masanin gine-gine Karl Bonatz, an gina shi a 1943 ta Nazi Jamus don kare fasinjojin jirgin kasa na Reichsbahn 3,000.[1] Ginin yana da yanki na murabba'i mita 1,000 (11,000 sq kuma yana da mita 18 (59 tsawo; ganuwarsa har zuwa mita 3 (9.8 kauri. Akwai dakuna 120 a kan bene biyar.

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 1945, Sojojin Red Army sun dauki ginin kuma sun mayar da shi sansanin fursunoni. Daga 1949, an yi amfani da shi don adana masana'antu kuma daga 1957, a matsayin ajiya don busassun 'ya'yan itace na wurare masu zafi, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa aka san ginin da *Banana Bunker* tsakanin mutanen Berlin ta Gabas.

A lokacin rani na shekara ta 1992, an juya shi zuwa kulob din techno da fetish  da ake kira "Bunker". Gabba, hard trance, gida da jam'iyyun breakbeat an gudanar da su a hawa huɗu. Bayan wani hari na 'yan sanda a shekarar 1995 abubuwan da suka faru sun zama marasa daidaituwa. Wani hari a cikin 1996 ya sanya tsauraran ƙuntatawa a kan masu haya, wanda ya sa kulob din ya rufe. An fara Fuckparade na shekara-shekara a wani bangare don nuna rashin amincewa da rufe kulob din; shekaru da yawa, zanga-zangar za ta fara a Bunker.

A shekara ta 2001, mai saka hannun jari na Nippon Development Corporation GmbH ya sayi ginin daga gwamnati. A shekara ta 2002, shi ne wurin bikin zane-zane na Berlin "Insideout".

### Tarin Boros
Christian Boros ya sayi bunker don tarin kansa na  a shekara ta 2003.  Daga baya ya sa gine-ginen Jens Casper da Petra Petersson su canza ginin zuwa filin baje kolin  m2) kuma su gina ɗakin gilashi mai murabba'in mita 4,800 (450 m2) a kan rufin. An kammala aikin sabuntawa a cikin shekara ta 2007. An nuna zane na ciki na penthouse a cikin wani labarin Financial Times na 2017.

Nunin farko na tarin dindindin ya buɗe a cikin 2008, wanda ke nuna zaɓaɓɓun siffofi, shigarwa, da haske da ayyukan, da sauransu, Olafur Eliasson, Elmgreen da Dragset, Robert Kusmirowski, Sarah Lucas, Tobias Rehberger, Anselm Reyle, Monika Sosnowska, Santiago Sierra, da Rirkrit Tiravanija. Wannan wasan kwaikwayon ya buɗe a cikin 2008 kuma ya ja hankalin baƙi 120,000 a lokacin kusan shekaru huɗu. 

## Manazarta
Norman Reynolds

**Norman William Reynolds** (26 Maris 1934 – 2 Afrilu 2023)  wani mai tsara shirye-shirye ne na Burtaniya kuma darektan fasaha, wanda aka fi sani da aikinsa a kan ainihin jerin shirye-shiryen  da *Raiders of the Lost Ark* .

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Reynolds a Willesden, Landan a ranar 26 ga Maris 1934,   Reynolds ya tafi kwalejin fasaha. 

## Sana'a
Reynolds yana aiki ne a wani kamfanin kera alamun haske lokacin da aka ba shi aikin ƙirƙirar alamun fim ɗin *The Road to Hong Kong* na 1962 kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fannin tsara fina-finai. Ya fara aiki a Elstree Studios a 1963 a matsayin mai zane a kan *Come Fly with Me*, sannan ya yi aiki a kan shirin talabijin *na The Saint* da kuma *Thunderball* na 1965. Ayyukan da suka biyo baya sun haɗa da *Battle of Britain* (1969; ba a ba shi izini ba) da kuma mataimakin darektan fasaha a kan *Phase IV* (1974). 

Reynolds ya yi aikinsa mafi shahara a fina-finan *Star Wars* guda uku na farko,   a matsayin darektan fasaha a *Star Wars* na 1977 da kuma bayan mutuwar John Barry a matsayin mai tsara shirye-shirye a cikin jerin fina-finan, *The Empire Strikes Back* da *Return of the Jedi*,  da kuma *Raiders of the Lost Ark* na 1981, wanda ya lashe kyautar Academy Award na biyu da kuma kyautar BAFTA .   Daga baya ya zama darektan fasaha a fim ɗin *Superman* na 1978 da kuma fim ɗin *Superman II* na 1980, da kuma mai tsara shirye-shirye a cikin *Return to Oz* da *Young Sherlock Holmes* (dukansu 1985) da *Empire of the Sun* (1987). Ya kuma yi aiki a kan *Alien 3* (1992) da *Mission Impossible* (1996). 

Reynolds ya ba da umarni a shirye-shirye biyu na shirin talabijin na shekarun 1980 mai suna Amazing Stories, "The Pumpkin Competition" da kuma "Gather Ye Acorns". [ an buƙata ambato ] Ya kasance darektan tasirin musamman na The Exorcist III (1990) da kuma darektan sashe na biyu na Alive (1993).

## Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa
Reynolds da matarsa, Ann, suna da 'ya'ya mata uku kuma suna zaune a Cheltenham .  Sau da yawa yana ɓoye aikinsa, yana cewa yana aiki a masana'antar biskit.  Reynolds ya mutu a ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 2023 yana da shekaru 89.
Gidan Gida na Tsibirin Propeller

Propeller Island City Lodge otal ne da shigarwar fasaha a Berlin, Jamus wanda mai zane Lars Storschen ya tsara kuma yana cikin garin Wilmersdorf . Otal din an san shi da ɗakunan da ke da jigogi masu yawa.

## Tarihi
A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1997, mawaƙin Jamus kuma mai zane Lars Storschen ya hayar ɗakuna a gidansa na Berlin don kara yawan kuɗin shiga.[1] Da yake ya gaji da ra'ayin ɗakin baƙi na gargajiya, Storschen ya yanke shawarar ƙirƙirar ɗakuna huɗu na musamman ga baƙi: ɗakin Symbol, ɗakin Orange, ɗakin Castle, da ɗakin Mirrors.[2] Ya sanya sunan otal din Propeller Island City Lodge, bisa ga sunan da ya saba da shi daga littafin Jules Verne na wannan sunan.[3]

Yayin da shahararren otal ɗin ya karu, Strochen ya sayi sarari a cikin wannan ginin kuma a cikin 1998 ya fara tsara sabbin dakunan baƙi 27. An buɗe bene na 1 da 2 a shekara ta 2001, kuma an kammala bene na 3 na otal ɗin a watan Agustan shekara ta 2002. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2013, otal ɗin ya ƙunshi ɗakuna talatin, gami da ɗakin zane-zane, wurin liyafa, da Frühstücksraum (ɗakin karin kumallo).

## Gidajen
Kowace ɗaki ana ɗaukarsa aiki ne na fasaha fiye da wurin zama mai amfani, kuma saboda haka ana ba da kayan aiki masu lalacewa ko masu rauni. Ana ba wa baƙi jagora wanda ke tsara takamaiman dokoki don kula da kayan ado na ɗakinsu. Gidajen ba su da kayan aiki da talabijin ko rediyo na kasuwanci, amma akwai tsarin sauti wanda ke nuna sauti da Strochen ya rubuta. Tun lokacin da aka bude otal ɗin, an sake yin ado da wasu ɗakunan.

## Manazarta
Berlin Green Head

**Berlin Green Head** wani mutum-mutumi ne na tsohuwar Masar (AeMP 12500) wanda aka yi da greenschist kuma an sanya shi a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Masar na Berlin, bene ɗaya daga Nefertiti Bust a cikin dakin 1.09 . An yi la'akari da aikin ƙwararren masanin zane-zane na Masar na dā (ko da yake ba a san shi ba), da kuma ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun fasahohi daga zamanin Late da Ptolemaic na Masar ta dā.

## Bayyanawa
Fuskar mutum-mutumi tana da kwanciyar hankali kuma ba ta da motsin rai kuma, abin da ba a saba da shi ba ga ayyukan fasaha na zamani, kuma cikakke ne, kuma na mutum mai basira, mai matsakaicin shekaru tare da yawa da aka yi da kyau da layi. Gashin mutum-mutumi mai siffar oval yana da gaske sosai cewa an yi imanin cewa mai zane ba zai iya yin shi ba tare da tsohuwar ilimin Girkanci game da jikin mutum ba, da'awar da aka karyata ta hanyar nazarin irin wannan, ayyukan fasaha na Masar na baya. A bayan kai, bangare na saman ginshiƙi na baya na al'ada har yanzu yana bayyane.

Dukkanin kayan tarihi ba a rubuta su ba, don haka ba a san sunan mai shi da lakabi ba. Saboda wannan dalili, ana iya sanya mutum-mutumi ne kawai a kan dalilai na salo. Da zarar an dauke shi a matsayin fasaha na Saite Period, daga baya Friedrich Wilhelm von Bissing ya danganta shi da Ptolemaic Period. A cikin 1960, Bernard von Bothmer ya kara rage lokacin tsakanin 100 da 50 KZ, yana jayayya cewa shugaban ya nuna balaga wanda bai dace da fasahar Ptolemaic ta baya ba, da kuma kamanceceniya da wasu ayyukan Jamhuriyar Roma na Masar masu zuwa. Har ila yau, ba a san inda ya fito ba, da kuma inda ya kasance kafin 1895, lokacin da aka samo shi daga tarin yarima Ibrahim Hilmy da Henry Wallis . [1]

An kwatanta Berlin Green Head da irin wannan, duk da haka a baya Boston Green Head, tare da tsohon ya rasa wani ɓangare na "verism" (cikin wannan, asymmetry) wanda ya fi shahara a cikin na ƙarshe, duk da cewa ba tare da daidaita halayyar mutumin da aka wakilta a ciki ba.

## Manazarta
Tarin Papyrus na Berlin

**Tarin Papyrus na Berlin** (Jamusanci: ) na  shine mafi tsufa kuma mafi German tarin papyri a Jamus kuma ɗayan manyan tarin biyar a duniya.

An fi ajiye shi a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Neues kuma yana daga cikin Gidan kayan gargajiya na Masar da Tarin Papyrus na Berlin. Ya ƙunshi dubban papyri tare da 7,000 ostraka da ƙarin abubuwan da aka rubuta. Matani sun bayyana a cikin rubuce-rubuce da harsuna da suka hada da hieroglyphs, hieratic, Demotic da Girkanci.

Tarin ya samo asali ne a cikin 1823 kuma ya girma ta hanyar sayayya da tonowa, musamman a ƙarƙashin Kamfanin Papyrus na Prussian (1901-1910) wanda daga&#x5D;-linkid="38" href="./Otto_Rubensohn" id="mwIA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Otto Rubensohn">Otto Rubensohn da daga baya  suka jagoranta.[de]

Shahararrun rubuce-rubuce sun haɗa da Papyrus Berlin 3022, rubutun rubutun Tarihin Sinuhe, Papyrus Berlin 1033 (Westcar Papyrus), wanda ke ba da labari na mu'ujiza guda biyar da Papyrus Berlin 25239 (Papyrus Bingen 45), wanda tabbas ya ƙunshi rubutun Cleopatra.

## Tarin da muhimman takardu na mutum

### Bayani game da tarin
The Berlin Papyrus Collection includes tens of thousands of papyri, 7,000 broken pieces of pottery with inscriptions (ostraka), more than 1,000 parchment and around 500 paper items, 200 textiles bearing inscriptions, more than 100 wooden and wax tablets, a number of leather manuscripts and bindings and a small quantity of lead tablets. The items bear inscriptions in Hieroglyphs, Hieratic, Demotic, Coptic, Greek, Latin, Aramaic, Pehlevi, Arabic, Samaritan, Hebrew and Syriac. They stem from the Old Kingdom of Egypt (–2200 BC) up to the Middle Ages.

Ana ƙidaya papyri na tarin kuma galibi ana amfani da su a matsayin "Papyrus Berlin [lambar abu]" ("Berlin Papyrus", "pBerlin", "Pap. Berl". "Berl. Pap." da "P.Berl" kuma ana amfani da wasu lokuta). Shahararrun papyri na tarin sun hada da:

The collection contains a manuscript (Papyrus Berlin 3022) of the *Story of Sinuhe*, possibly the best-known literary work of ancient Egypt. The manuscript – a papyrus roll of about  – is written in hieratic on papyrus and stems from  during the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt.

Westcar Papyrus (Papyrus Berlin 3033) rubutun hannu ne na tarin da ke dauke da labaru biyar game da mu'ujizai. An rubuta rubutun a kan papyrus kuma an rubuta shi ne a ƙarshen karni na 17 BC. An sanya masa suna ne bayan Henry Westcar (1798-1868), wani ɗan kasuwa na Burtaniya, wanda ya gano papyrus a Misira.

## Manazarta