Flora Murray

**Flora Murray** CBE (8 Mayu 1869 - 28 Yuli 1923)  majagaba ce ta likitanci a Scotland, kuma memba ce ta kungiyar Mata ta zamantakewa da Siyasa .  Daga 1914 zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarta, ta zauna tare da abokin aikinta da likitanta Louisa Garrett Anderson . 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Murray a ranar 8 ga Mayu 1869 a Murraythwaite, Dumfries, Scotland, 'yar Grace Harriet Murray (née Graham) da John Murray, mai mallakar ƙasa kuma kyaftin na Royal Navy . Murray shi ne na hudu cikin yara shida.

Murray ya halarci makaranta a Jamus da London kafin ya halarci Asibitin London a Whitechapel a 1890, a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya, na tsawon watanni shida. Murray ta yanke shawarar aikinta na likitanci kuma ta ci gaba da karatu a Makarantar Magunguna ta London don Mata a 1897. Sannan ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar Likita na tsawon watanni 18 a wata mafaka a Cibiyar Royal Crichton da ke Dumfriesshire . Wannan gogewar tana da mahimmanci a cikin rubutunta na MD ɗinta mai suna 'Ƙungiyar Masoya da Gudanarwa' (1905). Ta kammala karatun likitancinta a Jami'ar Durham, inda ta sami MB BSc a 1903, da MD a 1905. Ta sami Diploma a Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a daga Jami'ar Cambridge a 1906.

A lokacin da take a Scotland, Murray ya zauna a Edinburgh tare da Dr Elsie Inglis, wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar Asibitocin Mata na Scotland.  Masana tarihi irin su Hamer da Jennings sun yi jayayya cewa Murray tana da "dangantakar madigo ta farko" da Elsie Inglis.

## Sana'a

### Likita
A cikin 1905 Murray ya kasance jami'in kiwon lafiya a asibitin Belgrave na yara a Landan sannan kuma likita ne a asibitin Chelsea na mata . A cikin 1905 *The Lancet* ta buga labarin da ta rubuta game da amfani da maganin sa barci a cikin yara, mai suna *Ethyl chloride a matsayin maganin sa barci ga yara* . 

### Suffragette
Hannun Murray a cikin zaɓen mata ya fara farawa lokacin da ta zama ɗan takara kuma mai fafutuka na Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Suffrage ta Mata ta Millicent Fawcett . Daga nan ta ci gaba da aikinta a cikin zaɓen mata a matsayin mai goyon bayan ƙungiyar mata ta zamantakewa da siyasa. Har ila yau, ta zama madaidaicin ɗan takara a cikin gwagwarmayar tsageru, tana ba da sabis ɗinta a matsayin ma'aikaci wanda ya haɗa da a Pembroke Gardens gidan kula da masu fama da murmurewa daga ciyar da ƙarfi, wanda Nurses Catherine Pine da Gertrude Townend ke gudanarwa.  

Ta dauki matsayin jagoranci kuma ta nuna kimarta a matsayin mai fafutuka ta hanyar yin magana a taron jama'a, ta zama memba a zanga-zangar ƙidayar jama'a ta 1911, da yin amfani da ilimin likitancinta da ƙwarewarta don kula da 'yan uwanta waɗanda suka sami raunuka ta hanyar aikinsu na masu fafutuka.  Ta kula da Emmeline Pankhurst da sauran masu fama da yunwa bayan an fito da su daga gidan yari tare da yin kamfen tare da wasu likitoci game da ciyar da fursunoni tilas . 

### Asibitin Mata na Yara

A cikin 1912 ta kafa Asibitin Mata na Yara a 688 Harrow Road tare da Louisa Garrett Anderson . Ya ba da kiwon lafiya ga yara masu aiki a yankin, kuma ya ba wa likitoci mata damar su kawai don samun kwarewar asibiti a likitan yara a London; Taken asibitin shine *Ayyuka ba Kalmomi* .

### Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya
Lokacin da yakin duniya na farko ya barke, Murray da abokiyar zamanta Dr Louisa Garrett Anderson sun kafa kungiyar kula da Asibitin Mata (WHC), kuma suka dauki mata aiki don yin aiki.  Ganin cewa Ofishin Yakin Biritaniya zai yi watsi da tayin taimakon da suka yi, kuma da sanin cewa Faransawa na bukatar taimakon jinya, sun ba da taimakonsu ga kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross ta Faransa. Faransawa sun yarda da tayin nasu tare da ba su sararin wani sabon otal da aka gina a Paris a matsayin asibitinsu. An nada Flora Murray *Médecin-en-Chef* (babban likita) kuma Anderson ya zama babban likitan fiɗa.

Murray ta ruwaito a cikin littafinta na diary cewa wakilan ofishin yaki na Biritaniya da suka kai ziyara sun yi mamakin samun asibitin da matan Burtaniya ke gudanar da shi cikin nasara, kuma nan da nan aka mayar da asibitin a matsayin asibitin taimako na Burtaniya maimakon na Faransa.  Baya ga asibitin da ke birnin Paris, Hukumar Asibitin Mata ta kuma gudanar da wani asibitin soja a Wimereux.

A cikin Janairu 1915, an fara kwashe wadanda suka jikkata zuwa Ingila don magani. Ofishin Yakin ya gayyaci Murray da Anderson su koma London don gudanar da wani babban asibiti, Asibitin Soja na Endell Street (ESMH), a karkashin Royal Army Medical Corps . ESMH ta yi wa sojoji kusan 50,000 magani tsakanin Mayu 1915 da Satumba 1919 lokacin da ta rufe.

Bayan yakin ya kare, Murray ta koma asibitin Harrow Road wanda aka canza masa suna Roll of Honor Hospital, inda ta ci gaba da aikinta a matsayin mai zaman kanta. Likitanta game da abubuwan da ta samu na Yaki ya zama littafi mai suna Mata a matsayin Likitan Sojoji: Kasancewar Tarihin Asibitin Mata a Paris (1920) . Sadaukarwa littafin ya karanta, "Zuwa Louisa Garrett Anderson / Bold, mai hankali, gaskiya kuma abokina mai ƙauna." [1]

Rashin kuɗi daga ƙarshe ya kai ga rufe Roll of Honor Hospital, da kuma ritayar Murray da Anderson. Sun ƙaura zuwa wani gida a cikin Paul End, a cikin Penn, Buckinghamshire .

## Mutuwa
Murray ya sha fama da ciwon daji kuma ya mutu a ranar 28 ga Yuli 1923 yana da shekaru 54. Mutuwar ta ta faru ne jim kadan bayan tiyatar da aka yi mata a wani gidan jinya da ke Hampstead, London . Abokin zamanta na gefenta.  Murray ya bar komai ga Anderson a cikin wasiyyarta.  An binne Murray a Cocin Holy Trinity da ke Penn, Buckinghamshire, kusa da tsohon gidan ma'auratan. Yayin da aka kona Anderson daga baya kuma tokarta ta warwatse a Kudancin Downs, wani kabari da aka raba tare da tunawa da mata biyu. Zuwa ga masoyi soyayyar 'yan'uwa da tunawa da

 Flora Murray

 CBE, MD, BS Durham, DPH. Cambridge

 'Yar Com John Murray RN

 Murraythwaite, Dumfriesshire

 An haife shi ranar 8 ga Mayu, 1869

 Ya mutu ranar 26 ga Yuli, 1923

 Ta umarci asibitin sojoji na Endall Street London tare da mukamin Laftanar Kanar RAMC 1915 - 1919

 Allah ya ba ta ikon jagoranci, tausayi da lafiya

 Kuma na kawarta

 Louisa Garrett Anderson

 CBE, MD, Babban Likitan Asibitin Mata 1914-1919

 'Yar James George Skelton Anderson da Elizabeth Garrett Anderson na Aldeburgh, Suffolk.

 An haife shi 28 ga Yuli, 1873

 Ya mutu 15 Nuwamba 1943

 MUN YI MUNA FARIN CIKI

## Tunawa da juna
A cikin Afrilu 2022, an ba da sanarwar cewa Murray za ta bayyana a 'bangaren baya' na sabuwar takardar banki ta polymer fam 100 da Bankin Scotland zai bayar don haskaka aikinta na likitanci da kuma 'yancin mata.  Bayanan kula zai ƙunshi hoton Murray na Francis Dodd . Babban jami'in kungiyar Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust ya lura cewa "Kusan karni daya tun mutuwarta, labarin Flora yana tunatar da babban bashin godiya da muke bin waɗancan masu tayar da hankali na farko waɗanda suka ƙi yarda da iyakokin da al'ummar da ba ta yarda da mata ba za su iya ko ya kamata su zama likitoci, likitoci da likitoci. 

Takardar kudin ta zo na uku a gasar 'mafi kyawun kudi a duniya' a shekarar 2023, tare da hoton Murray a baya, a gaba da mata masu rike da gadonta a Asibitin Endell Street a baya. Ta kuma bayyana ta musamman a cikin hologram ɗin tsaro na gaban takardar banki. 

## Duba kuma

* Tarihin mata
* Jerin sunayen masu zaɓe da masu zaɓe

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Mata a cikin Babban Yaƙin – Ƙungiyoyin Mata a cikin Sojojin Burtaniya
* Laburaren Barka da zuwa - Asibitin Soja a Titin Endell
* Works by Flora Murray