open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ciwon Gilbert

**Ciwon Gilbert** (**GS**) wani yanayi ne mai laushi da aka gada wanda yawanci ba ya haifar da lahani. Gabaɗaya babu alamun bayyanar. Wani lokaci launin rawaya kaɗan na fata ko fararen idanu na iya faruwa, musamman a lokacin kowace irin rashin lafiya. Da wuya, akwai yuwuwar gajiya, rauni, da ciwon ciki. Sau da yawa ba a lura da shi har zuwa ƙarshen ƙuruciya zuwa farkon girma.

A cikin ciwon Gilbert, hanta ba ta sarrafa bilirubin yadda ya kamata. Ya faru ne saboda maye gurbi a cikin kwayar halittar UGT1A1 wanda ke haifar da raguwar ayyukan bilirubin uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase enzyme. Yawanci ana gadonsa a cikin tsarin koma baya na autosomal kuma lokaci-lokaci a cikin mafi girman tsarin da ya danganta da nau'in maye gurbi. Abubuwan jaundice na iya haifar da damuwa kamar motsa jiki, haila, ko rashin ci. Bincike ya dogara ne akan mafi girman matakan bilirubin da ba a haɗa su a cikin jini ba tare da ko dai alamun wasu matsalolin hanta ko rushewar kwayar jini ba.

Yawanci ba a buƙatar magani. Idan jaundice yana da mahimmanci, ana iya amfani da phenobarbital. Ciwon Gilbert yana shafar 2 zuwa 7% na mutane. 5 zuwa 15% na mutanen da abin ya shafa suna da tarihin iyali na jaundice. Maza sun fi gano cutar fiye da mata. An fara kwatanta yanayin a cikin 1901 ta Augustin Nicolas Gilbert.

## Manazarta
Ciwon Nephrotic

**Ciwon Nephrotic** tarin alamomi ne saboda lalacewar koda. Wannan ya haɗa da furotin a cikin fitsari, ƙananan matakan albumin na jini, yawan lipids na jini, da kumburi mai mahimmanci. Sauran alamomin na iya haɗawa da ƙara nauyi, jin gajiya, da fitsarin kumfa. Matsalolin na iya haɗawa da gudan jini, cututtuka, da hawan jini.

Dalilan sun haɗa da adadin cututtukan koda kamar su yanki mai mahimmanci glomerulosclerosis, nephropathy membranous, da ƙarancin canji cuta. Hakanan yana iya faruwa azaman rikitarwa na ciwon sukari ko lupus. Hanyar da ke da tushe yawanci ta ƙunshi lalacewa ga glomeruli na koda. Ganewar cuta yawanci ta dogara ne akan gwajin fitsari da kuma wani lokacin binciken ƙwayoyin koda. Ya bambanta da ciwon nephritic domin babu jajayen ƙwayoyin jini a cikin fitsari.

Ana yin magani bisa tushen dalilin. Sauran ƙoƙarin sun haɗa da sarrafa hawan jini, hawan cholesterol na jini, da haɗarin kamuwa da cuta. Ana ba da shawarar ƙarancin abinci mai ƙarancin gishiri da ƙarancin ruwa. Kimanin kashi 5 cikin 100,000 na mutanen da abin ya shafa a kowace shekara. Dalili na yau da kullun ya bambanta tsakanin yara da manya.

## Manazarta
Tetralogy na Falot

**Tetralogy na Fallot** (**TOF**) wani nau'in lahani ne na zuciya da ke samuwa a lokacin haihuwa. Alamun a lokacin haihuwa na iya bambanta daga babu zuwa mai tsanani. Daga baya, akwai yawanci lokuta na launin shuɗi zuwa fata da aka sani da cyanosis. Lokacin da jariran da abin ya shafa suka yi kuka ko motsin hanji, za su iya samun “sihiri” inda za su zama shuɗi sosai, suna da wahalar numfashi, su zama rame, wani lokaci kuma su rasa hayyacinsu. Sauran alamomin na iya haɗawa da gunaguni na zuciya, ƙwanƙwasa yatsa, da sauƙin gajiyawa akan shayarwa.

Yawanci ba a san dalilin ba. Abubuwan haɗari sun haɗa da mahaifiyar da ke amfani da barasa, mai ciwon sukari, ta wuce shekaru 40, ko kamuwa da cutar rubella a lokacin daukar ciki. Hakanan ana iya haɗa shi da Down syndrome. A al'adance akwai lahani guda huɗu:

* huhu stenosis, kunkuntar fita daga dama ventricle
* wani lahani na ventricular septal, rami tsakanin ventricles biyu
* ventricular hypertrophy na dama, thickening na dama ventricular tsoka
* Aorta mai wuce gona da iri, wanda ke ba da damar jini daga ventricles biyu don shiga cikin aorta

TOF yawanci ana jinyar ta ta hanyar buɗewar tiyatar zuciya a cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa. Lokacin tiyata ya dogara da alamun jariri da girmansa. Hanyar ta ƙunshi ƙara girman ƙwayar huhu da jijiyoyi na huhu da gyaran gyare-gyare na ventricular septal. A cikin jariran da suka yi ƙanƙanta, ana iya yin tiyata na wucin gadi tare da tsare-tsare na tiyata na biyu lokacin da jariri ya fi girma. Tare da kulawa mai kyau, yawancin mutanen da abin ya shafa suna rayuwa har su zama manya. Matsalolin na dogon lokaci na iya haɗawa da rashin daidaituwa na bugun zuciya da sakewar huhu.

TOF yana faruwa a kusan 1 cikin 2,000 jarirai. Maza da mata suna shafan daidai. Ita ce mafi yawan hadaddun lahani na cututtukan zuciya wanda ke lissafin kusan kashi 10 na lokuta. Niels Stensen ya fara bayyana shi a cikin 1671. An buga ƙarin bayanin a cikin 1888 ta likitan Faransa Étienne-Louis Arthur Falot, bayan wanda aka sa masa suna. Na farko jimlar gyaran tiyata da aka gudanar a 1954.

## Manazarta
Prednisolone

**Prednisolone** magani ne na steroid wanda ake amfani dashi don magance wasu   allergies, yanayin kumburi, cututtukan autoimmune, da ciwon daji. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan yanayi sun haɗa da rashin wadatar adrenocortical, hawan jini na calcium, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatitis, kumburin ido, asma, da kuma sclerosis. Ana amfani da shi ta baki, allura a cikin jijiyoyi, a matsayin cream na fata, da kuma zubar da ido.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da amfani na ɗan gajeren lokaci sun haɗa da tashin zuciya da jin gajiya. Mafi tsanani illa sun haɗa da matsalolin tabin hankali, wanda zai iya faruwa a cikin kusan 5% na mutane. Illolin gama gari tare da amfani na dogon lokaci sun haɗa da asarar kashi, rauni, cututtukan yisti, da ƙumburi mai sauƙi. Yayin da amfani na ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin ɓangaren baya na ciki yana da lafiya, amfani na dogon lokaci ko amfani da shi a farkon ciki yana da alaƙa da cutarwa ga jariri. Glucocorticoid ne wanda aka yi daga hydrocortisone (cortisol).

An gano Prednisolone kuma an yarda da shi don amfani da magani a cikin shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da hamsin da biyar 1955. Yana cikin Jerin Mahimman Magunguna na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya. Akwai shi azaman magani na gama-gari. Farashin jimla a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa kusan dalar Amurka 0.01 akan kowace kwamfutar hannu 5 mg. A cikin shekarar dubu biyu da goma sha’bakwai 2017, shi ne na 129th mafi yawan magunguna a Amurka, tare da magunguna fiye da miliyan biyar.

## Manazarta
Simeon Adebo

Cif **Simeon Olaosebikan Adebo** (Oktoba 4, 1913 - 30, ga Satumba, 1994) ya kasance daya daga cikin masu gudanarwa na Najeriya, lauya kuma jami'in diflomasiyya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Ya kasance tsohon shugaban ma'aikatan gwamnati a tsohuwar yankin yammacin Najeriya . A matsayinsa na basaraken kabilar Yarbawa da ke zaune a tsaunin tarihi na Abeokuta, ya rike mukamin **Okanlomo** na Egbaland. 

## Ilimi.
Ya kammala karatunsa na Sakandare a Kwalejin King da ke Legas a shekarar 1932, sannan ya karanta fannin shari’a a Makarantar Koyon Tattalin Arziki ta Landan (London School of Economics), inda bayan ya kammala ya samu gurbin shiga mashaya.  

## Sana'a.
Adebo yayi aiki a ma’aikatar kudi ta tarayya kuma a shekarar 1961, ya zama shugaban ma’aikatan gwamnati kuma babban sakataren gwamnatin yankin yammacin lokacin.  An nada shi a matsayin wakilin Najeriya na din-din-din a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya daga 1962, zuwa 1967, sannan kuma yayi matsayin mataimakin Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kuma Babban Babban Darakta na Cibiyar Horo da Bincike ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya har zuwa 1972.

Bayan kawo karshen yakin basasar Najeriya, shugaban kasar Janar Yakubu Gowon ya kafa wata hukumar da za ta duba albashi da albashin ma'aikatan Najeriya da kuma duba hanyoyin da za a bi wajen inganta tattalin arzikin ma'aikata, muhimmancin hukumar ya samu ne sakamakon hauhawar farashin ma'aikata. a cikin tsadar rayuwa sakamakon hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da ba a iya magancewa a lokacin yakin basasa. An kira Simeon Adebo don ya jagoranci wata hukuma wadda daga baya ta zama hukumar Adebo (Adebo Commission). Ma’aikatan da suka bukaci a kara musu albashi sun yi farin ciki da zaben Adebo, ana ganinsa a matsayin mai gudanar da harkokin siyasa wanda zai yi nazari sosai kan halin da ma’aikata ke ciki tare da binciki damuwar ma’aikata a bangaren farar hula da masu zaman kansu. Gwamnati da farko ta yi nazari kan albashi, wanda ya bukaci karin albashi a 1964, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu sun biyo baya.

A rahotonta na farko, hukumar a karkashin Adebo, ta ba da shawarar bayar da lambar yabo ta COLA ko Cost of Living Award ga dukkan ma’aikata, daga dala 10, zuwa dala 24. Sai dai hukumar ta bukaci yin aiki cikin tsarin gudanarwa na shekarun 1960, kuma ta mayar da hankali ne kawai kan yadda za a sake duba tare da daidaita matsalolin tsarin a maimakon yin garambawul ga tsarin albashi da albashi na Gwamnatin Tarayya ko kuma gaba daya na Najeriya. 

Har wayau, ya kuma kasance shugaban wani karamin kwamitin da ya cimma matsaya kan muhawarar shari’ar da ba za ta iya warwarewa ba da kuma fashewar abubuwa da aka yi a majalisar tsarin mulki ta 1977, a Najeriya. 

Ya yi ritaya a matsayin Chancellor na Jami’ar Legas a 1992. 

## Manazarta.

## Ci gaba da karatu

*
Yewa

Da alama Egbado sun yi ƙaura - watakila daga Ketu, Ile-Ife, ko Oyo - zuwa yankin da suke yanzu a farkon ƙarni na 18. Garuruwan Egbado, mafi mahimmanci sun hada da Ipokia, Ado odo, Ayetoro, Imeko Afon,Ilaro da Igbogila, an kafa su ne a ƙarni na 11 zuwa 18 don cin gajiyar hanyoyin cinikin bayi daga cikin daular Oyo zuwa bakin teku a Porto-Novo . Sauran garuruwan kuwa su ne Ilobi da Ijanna, wadanda suke da dabarun kare gefen hanyoyin bauta. Egbados' sun kasance ƙarƙashin mulkin masarautar Oyo, wanda ya tafiyar da su ta hannun gwamna Onisare na Ijanna . ‘Yan Oyo sun kasa tura sojojin dawakinsu domin kare hanyoyin, saboda kuda na tsetse da rashin abincin doki wanda hakan ya sa suka dogara ga mutanen Egbado wajen tafiyar da hanyoyin. Masana tarihi Akinjogbin, Morton-Williams da Smith duk sun yarda cewa a farkon karni na 18 wannan hanyar zuwa gabar teku ta tsunduma cikin cinikin bayi, kuma bayi ne ginshikin tattalin arzikin Oyo.

Daga baya Egbado sun samu ‘yancin kai bayan faduwar masarautar Oyo, amma sun sha fama da hare-hare akai-akai daga wasu kungiyoyi irin su Dahomey da suka yi wa bayi (wadda suka kwace, da sauran su, Gimbiya Sara Forbes Bonetta ), da kuma kabilu daban-daban da ke son karfi ya bude nasu hanyoyin cinikin bayi zuwa teku. An lalata garuruwan Ilaro da Ijanna a shekarun 1830. A cikin 1840s Egbado sun kasance ƙarƙashin ikon ƙungiyar Egba da ke kusa, waɗanda suka yi amfani da yankin Egbado don ƙirƙirar hanyoyin zuwa Badagry da tashar jiragen ruwa na Legas . A cikin 1860s Egba ya yi watsi da hanyar saboda Birtaniyya suna yin amfani da karfin sojan ruwa don ƙoƙarin kawar da cinikin bayi . Sakamakon haka, Egba ya kori ’yan mishan na Burtaniya da ’yan kasuwa daga yankin a shekara ta 1867.

Bayan shekara ta 1890 Egbado sun nemi a kariya daga Birtaniyya kuma ya samu karamin sansanin sojoji masu dauke da makamai, ta haka ya zama mai cin gashin kansa daga Egba. Yankin ya zama wani yanki na Turawan Mulkin Mallaka da Kare Najeriya a 1914, a matsayin shiyya ta Egbado a lardin Abeokuta . Daga baya aka mayar da hedikwatar gudanarwa, bayan kirkiro sabuwar jihar Ogun ta mamaye tsohuwar lardin Abeokuta.

## Egbado/Yewa na zamani
A shekarar 1995 Egbado sun zabi canza sunansu zuwa "Yewa", da sunan kogin Yewa da ke ratsa yankin da suke zaune. Da farko dai masana aikin gona ne, amma akwai masu sana'a da sarrafa masaku . An fi samun su a yankunan: Ado-Odo/Ota, Ipokia, Yewa South, Yewa North, Imeko Afon, da kuma wani yanki na Abeokuta ta Arewa . Akwai korafe-korafe cewa tsarin ubangida da son zuciya a siyasar Najeriya ya sa aka yi watsi da yankin ta fuskar zuba jari. .

Yankin ya haɓaka wani shahara da wani irin salon waka, wanda ake kira Bolojo, a cikin 1970s.

Babu tabbacin ainihin yawan jama'ar Yewa, amma yana iya zama kusan 400,000.

## Ci gaba da karatu

* Ogunsiji, O. (1988). *Kiwo a yankin Egbado na jihar Ogun* . Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
* Kola Folayan. (1967). "Egbado zuwa 1832: Haihuwar dilemma", *Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria*, 4, pp.&nbsp;15-34.
* Anthony IA and Niran O.(2015). "Yewaland: Shekara Dari Kafin da Bayan 2014" Yewa Descendants Union, Abuja

## Manazarta
Filin Jirgin Sama Na Rundu

**Filin jirgin sama na Rundu** (         filin jirgin sama ne mai hidima Rundu, babban birnin yankin Kavango a Ƙasar Namibiya . Filin jirgin saman yana da  kudu maso yammacin tsakiyar Rundu. 

Runway 26 yana da ƙarin  na kofa da aka yi gudun hijira akwai don tashin. Babu hanyoyin IFR ko kayan aiki, amma kewayawa yana samun goyan bayan NDB arewacin filin jirgin sama, a kan iyaka a Angola. 

## Jiragen sama da wuraren zuwa
Kamfanonin jiragen sama masu zuwa suna gudanar da ayyukan su da aka tsara akai-akai a filin jirgin.

## Sauran abubuwa

* Jerin filayen jirgin sama a Namibiya
* Sufuri a Namibiya

## Hanyoyin waje

* Accident history for NDU  
* OpenStreetMap - Rundu
* Filin Jirgin Sama - Rundu 

## Manazarta
Filin Jirgin Sama Na Deer Park

**Filin jirgin sama na Deer Park** (         wanda aka fi sani da **filin jirgin sama na Deer Park, filin jirgin sama** ne mallakar jama'a na birni wanda ke da mil uku na ruwa (6)&nbsp;km) arewa maso gabas na tsakiyar kasuwanci yankin Deer Park, wani birni a cikin gundumar Spokane, Washington, Ƙasar Amurka . 

Kodayake yawancin filayen jirgin saman Amurka suna amfani da mai gano wurin haruffa guda uku don FAA da IATA, wannan filin jirgin saman FAA ne ke ba da **DEW** amma ba shi da wani nadi daga IATA. 

## Kayayyaki da jirgin sama
Filin jirgin sama na Deer Park ya rufe yanki na  a tsayin ƙafa 2,211 (674 m) sama da ma'anar matakin teku . Yana da titin jirgin sama mai kwalta guda biyu (2) : 16/34 shine 6,100 ta ƙafa 75 (1,859 x 23 m) da 4/22 shine 3,200 ta ƙafa 60 (975 x 18 m). 

A cikin watanni 12 da ya ƙare a ranar 31 ga waran Disamba, shekarata 2005, filin jirgin yana da ayyukan jiragen sama na 23,000 na gabaɗaya, matsakaicin 63 a kowace rana: A lokacin akwai jirage 75 da ke wannan filin jirgin: 84% injin guda ɗaya, 3% multi- engine, 1% helikwafta, 9% glider, 3% ultralight .

## Manazartaa


## Majiyoyi

* Deer Park Municipal Airport (DEW) a Washington DOT Aviation
* FAA Terminal Procedures for DEW
Dandara'u

**Dan dara`u** wani garine a mahuta dake acikin jahar katsina shi dai wanana gari yana da matukar tarihi dumin daɗaɗɗen garine kuma yanada masarauta  irin ta gargajiya.

## Tarihi

## Manazarta
Yar tafki

**Yar-tafki** wani gari dake karamar hukumar funtua ta jihar katsina. `yartafki tana da matukar tarihi sanan tana da masarauta irin tsarin gargajiya. yawancin mazauna garin hausawa ne.

## Manazarta
Liat Ron

**Liat Ron** (  ) yar wasan kwaikwayo ce,  mai koyar da raye-raye mahaifiyar ta Bayahudiya-Ba'irakiya ce mahaifin ta kuma Bayahude ne daga ƙasar Rasha.  Nuna al'adunta na al'adunta ta fara balaguron rawa ta Gabas ta Tsakiya ta hanyar horarwa da fitacciyar 'yar rawa ta Isra'ila Elina Pechersky. Daga baya ta sami horo tare da Yousry Sharif a Kwalejin Masarautar Oriental Dance, a New York. Ta shigar da da yawa daga cikin dabarun rawa na Gabas ta Tsakiya cikin wasan kwaikwayo, saboda ta yi imanin cewa shine mafi girman nau'in rawa ga mata. Sau da yawa tana halartar abubuwan zamantakewa don yin rawa a cikin New York City da cikin Tel Aviv.

## Fina-finai
* *Acharnians* - played Dikaiopolis
* *Seven Layers of Skin*
* *The Eternal Triangle*
* *Nocturnia *
* *Blue Candy Lights *
* *Covergirls *
* *Crush Landing*
* *The Dangers of Tobacco *

## Tambayoyi

* Ta fito a cikin faifan bidiyo na kiɗa don Big Yellow Taxi ta Kirga Crows

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Shafin hukuma
*   
* http://apaclassics.org/outreach/amphora/2004/Amphora3.2.pdf 

## Manazarta
Filin Jirgin Sama Na Kudancin Illinois

**Filin jirgin sama na Kudancin Illinois** (             filin jirgin sama ne na jama'a a gundumar Jackson, Illinois, Amurka. Yana da mil uku na ruwa (6&nbsp;km) arewa maso yammacin gundumar kasuwanci ta Carbondale da gabas da Murphysboro.  An haɗa wannan filin jirgin a cikin Tsarin Jirgin Sama na Ƙasa na FAA na shekarun 2015-2019, wanda ya karkasa shi azaman kayan aikin *zirga-zirga* na gabaɗaya. 

## Tarihi
An buɗe filin jirgin a cikin shekarata 1950 kuma asalin an san shi da **Murdale Airport** . A yau ya zama filin jirgin sama na takwas mafi yawan jama'a a jihar. 

Mallakar filin jirgin ne kuma ke sarrafa ta Hukumar Kula da Filin Jirgin Sama ta Kudancin Illinois, wata karamar hukuma ce da aka kirkira a karkashin dokar jiha. Kwamitin mai mutum biyar ya tsara manufofin hukumar ta filin jirgin, kuma manajan filin jirgin da ma’aikatansa ne ke gudanar da ayyukan yau da kullun. Hakiman Carbondale da Murphysboro ne nada membobin kwamitin da Shugaban Hukumar Kula da Gundumar Jackson kuma suna yin aiki na tsawon shekaru biyar (5) a kan tudu.

## Kayayyaki da jirgin sama
Filin jirgin sama na Kudancin Illinois ya rufe yanki na   a tsayin ƙafa 411 (125 m) sama da ma'anar matakin teku. Hanyoyi masu haske guda uku (3), manyan hanyoyin jirgin sama suna ba da damar duk yanayi. Akwai madaidaicin hanyar kayan aiki akan titin jirgin sama na farko.

Domin watanni 12 da ya ƙare Disamba 31, shekarata 2009, filin jirgin sama na da 77,557 jirgin sama ayyuka, da matsakaita na 212 kowace rana: 99% janar jirgin sama, 1% iska taxi,
Soyaki

**Soyaki** sarkin Kano ne a Masarautar Kano wanda yayi mulki a shekara ta alif 1652.

## Tarihin Rayuwarsa a Tarihin ''Kano''
A ƙasa tarihin Soyaki ne daga Palmar a shekara ta 1908 na fassara daga turanci akan tarihin kano.

Soyaki shine Sarki na 34 a masarautar Kano, sunan mahaifiyarsa Fatsuma. Kukuna ya gudu zuwa Zukzuk. Soyaki ya yi wata uku yana sarauta sai sarakunan Kano suka haɗu suka yi shawara a kansa. Manyansu kuwa su ne Galadima Wari, kakan Kofakani, Ɗan Iya Babba, Makama Mukhtari da Sarkin Dawaki Gogori. Suka aika mashi da ɗan saƙo a asirce ta hanyar Mohamma Kukuna, wanda nan take ya nufi Gaya. Sarkin Gaya ya tare shi a tattakinsa zuwa Kano. Sai Madawakin Kano ya ji haka, ya tara mutanen Kano, ya ba su labari. Suka ce, "Mun ji."
Ya ce, "Me kuke shawara?" 
Suka ce: "Shin, bãzã mu fita ba a gabãnin su matso birnin." Madawaki ya ce, "Madalla." An gwabza faɗan a Hotoro. Mutanen Kano suma sun gudu suka bar Madawaki. Kukuna ya jefe shi da mashi. Sai ya ji tsoron a kashe shi, kuma ya yi ƙoƙarin tserewa. Kukuna ya bi shi. Madawaki yayi wa Kofan Kawayi ihu da jama'a a rufe masa ƙofa, kada Mohamma Kukuna ya shigo. Kukuna kuwa ya shiga kafin a rufe kofar ya isa fada. Ya sami Sarki Soyaki a Giddan Ma-Shikashikai, tare da bafādansa.

## Manazarta
Kwayar cutar ta Nipah

**Kwayar cutar ta Nipah** cuta ce ta kwayar cuta wacce kwayar Nipah ke haifarwa. Alamomin kamuwa da cuta sun bambanta daga babu zuwa zazzabi, tari, ciwon kai, ƙarancin numfashi, da rudani. Wannan na iya ƙara tsanantawa zuwa suma sama da kwana ɗaya ko biyu. Matsalolin na iya haɗawa da kumburin kwakwalwa da kamewa bayan murmurewa.

Kwayar cutar Nipah (NiV) wani nau'in kwayar cutar RNA ce a cikin kwayar halittar *Henipavirus*. Kwayar cutar tana yaduwa a tsakanin takamaiman nau'ikan jemagu na 'ya'yan itace. Yana iya yaduwa tsakanin mutane da kuma daga sauran dabbobi zuwa mutane. Yadawa yawanci yana buƙatar lamba kai tsaye tare da tushen kamuwa da cuta. Bincike ya dogara ne akan alamomi kuma an tabbatar da shi ta hanyar gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje.

Gudanarwa ya ƙunshi kulawar tallafi. Tun daga 2018 babu wani maganin rigakafi ko takamaiman magani. Rigakafin shine ta hanyar gujewa kamuwa da jemagu da aladu marasa lafiya da rashin shan danyen dabino. Ya zuwa watan Mayun 2018 kimanin mutane 700 na cutar Nipah an kiyasta sun faru kuma kashi 50 zuwa 75 na wadanda suka kamu da cutar sun mutu. A watan Mayun 2018, barkewar cutar ta yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 17 a jihar Kerala ta Indiya.

An fara gano cutar ne a shekarar 1998 a lokacin da aka samu bullar cutar a kasar Malaysia yayin da cutar ta kebe a shekarar 1999. Sunanta wani kauye a Malaysia, Sungai Nipah. Aladu na iya kamuwa da cutar kuma hukumomin Malaysia sun kashe miliyoyin a 1999 don dakatar da yaduwar cutar.

## Manazarta
Waazi

**Wa'azi** wani gargadi ne wanda al,ummar musulmi *(Malumma)* suke gudanarwa a masalatai ku wani wuri na daban ku gidajen al ummah Ku majalisun mutane ku kuma a masalatai dadai sauran su domin jan hakali da kuma tunatarwa ga dukkan wani abu da addini yace ayi da barin abinda addini yai hani, domin samun rahamar Allah akuma tsira daga azabar sa ranan gobe kiyama.

## Manazarta
Bugawar bacci

**Bugawar bacci** cuta ce ta bacci wadda ke dakatar da numfashi ko kuma lokacin numfashi mara zurfi yayin bacci yakan faru fiye da na al'ada. Kowane ɗan dakata yana iya ɗaukar ɗan daƙiƙa zuwa ƴan mintuna kuma yana faruwa sau da yawa a dare. A mafi yawan nau'i na yau da kullum, wannan kuma yana biye da murya mai ƙarfi. Ana iya samun sautin shakewa ko hargitsi yayin da numfashi ya dawo. Domin cutar ta rushe barcin al'ada, waɗanda abin ya shafa na iya samun barci ko kuma su ji gajiya a rana. A cikin yara yana iya haifar da yawan aiki ko matsaloli a makaranta.

Bugawar bacci na iya zama ko dai obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) wanda numfashi ke katsewa ta hanyar toshewar iska, tsakiyar barcin barci (CSA) wanda numfashin suma na yau da kullun yana tsayawa kawai, ko hade biyun. Obstructive (OSA) shine mafi yawan nau'i. Abubuwan haɗari ga OSA sun haɗa da kasancewa mai kiba, tarihin iyali na yanayin, rashin lafiyar jiki, ƙaramar hanyar iska, da kuma girma tonsils. Wasu masu fama da matsalar bacci ba su san suna da yanayin ba. A yawancin lokuta wani dan uwa ne ya fara ganinsa. Ana yawan gano ciwon bacci tare da nazarin barcin dare. Don gano cutar bugun barci, dole ne ya faru fiye da sau biyar a kowace awa.

Magani na iya haɗawa da canje-canjen salon rayuwa, bakin baki, na'urorin numfashi, da tiyata. Canje-canjen salon rayuwa na iya haɗawa da guje wa barasa, rasa nauyi, daina shan taba, da barci a gefen mutum. Na'urorin numfashi sun haɗa da amfani da injin CPAP. Idan ba tare da magani ba, barcin barci yana iya ƙara haɗarin bugun zuciya, bugun jini, ciwon sukari, gazawar zuciya, bugun zuciya mara ka'ida, kiba, da karon abin hawa.

OSA yana shafar 1 zuwa 6% na manya da 2% na yara. Yana shafar maza kusan sau biyu fiye da mata. Duk da yake mutane a kowane zamani na iya shafar su, yana faruwa mafi yawanci a cikin waɗanda shekarunsu suka wuce 55 zuwa 60. CSA yana shafar ƙasa da 1% na mutane. An kwatanta nau'in CSA a cikin tatsuniyar Jamus na la'anar Ondine inda mutum lokacin barci zai manta da numfashi.

## Manazarta
Yitzhak Nebenzahl

**Yitzhak Ernst Nebenzahl** (     1907 &#x2013; 1992) An nada shi Kwanturolan Jihar Isra'ila bayan kafa kasar a shekarar 1948. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Kwanturolan Jiha da Ombudsman daga shekarar 1961 &#x2013; 1981. 

An haife shi a Frankfurt a shekarar 1907, Nebenzahl ya yi hijira zuwa Palestine a 1933 kuma ya zauna a Urushalima. Ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'i a Haganah kuma ya rike manyan mukamai a Bankin Isra'ila da Bankin Wasika.  A cikin 1973 an nada shi zuwa Hukumar Agranat cikin Yaƙin Yom Kippur. Nebenzahl da matarsa Hildegard sun haifi 'ya'ya hudu. Ɗansa, Avigdor Nebenzahl, shi ne Babban Malami na Tsohon birnin Urushalima, da 'yarsa , ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan shari'a ga Gwamnatin Isra'ila don yawancin aikinta na ƙwararru. 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Haaretz Obituary: Plia Albeck
Accra Girls Senior High School

**Accra Girls Senior High School** ita ce makarantar sakandare ta biyu ta mata a Accra a cikin Babban yankin Accra, Ghana. Yana aiki a matsayin ranar da ba na darika ba da makarantar allo. Yana gudanar da darussa a cikin kasuwanci, kimiyyar gabaɗaya, fasaha na gabaɗaya, tattalin arziƙin gida da fasaha na gani, wanda ke jagorantar lambar yabo ta Babban Sakandare na Yammacin Afirka (WASSCE).

## Sanannen tsofaffin ɗalibai

* Nana Akua Owusu Afriyie, 'yar siyasar Ghana
* Moesha Buduong, 'yar Ghana mace ta gidan talabijin, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, kuma abin ƙira
* Dzigbordi Dosoo, 'yar kasuwa 'yar Ghana
* Dr. Rose Mensah-Kutin, 'yar Ghana mai ba da shawara kan jinsi kuma 'yar jarida
* Cynthia Mamle Morrison, 'yar siyasa 'yar Ghana
* Tina Gifty Naa Ayele Mensah, 'yar siyasar Ghana

## Manazarta
Dorawa

**Dorawa** bishiyace mai launin Kore wadda take iya fitar da yaya sau daya a shekara, yayan kuma ana sha, ana fidda kalwa a jikinta, sannan kuma anayin amfani da ita wajan yin daudawa wacce ake sawa a miya, kamar miyar kuka, miyar kubewa, miyar tafasa, miyar karkashi dadai sauransu.

## Hotuna

## Manazarta
Lalacewar Bell

**Lalacewar Bell** wani nau'in ciwon fuska ne wanda ke haifar da rashin iya sarrafa tsokoki a gefen da abin ya shafa. Kwayar cutar za ta iya bambanta daga mai laushi zuwa mai tsanani. Zasu iya haɗawa da murɗa tsoka, rauni, ko asarar ikon motsa ɗaya ko da wuya ɓangarorin biyu na fuska. Sauran bayyanar cututtuka sun haɗa da zubar da fatar ido, canji a cikin dandano, jin zafi a kusa da kunne, da haɓaka ji na sauti. Yawanci alamu suna zuwa sama da awanni 48.
Ba a san musabbabin Lalacewar Bell ba. Abubuwan haɗari sun haɗa da ciwon sukari, kamuwa da cuta na sama na kwanan nan, da ciki. Yana fitowa daga lalacewar jijiyar cranial VII (jijiyoyin fuska). Dayawa sun yi imani cewa wannan ya faru ne sakamakon kamuwa da cuta da kwayar cuta wanda ke haifar da kumburi. Bayyanar cututtuka ya danganta ne da bayyanar mutum da kuma fitar da wasu dalilai masu yuwuwar. Sauran yanayin da zai iya haifar da rauni a fuska sun hada da ciwan kwakwalwa, bugun jini, Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2, myasthenia gravis, da cutar Lyme.

Yanayin yana samun sauki ta hanyar kansa tare da mafi yawan cimma aiki na yau da kullun ko na yau da kullun. An samo Corticosteroids don inganta sakamako, yayin da magungunan rigakafi na iya zama ƙaramin ƙarin fa'ida. Yakamata a kiyaye ido daga bushewa tare da amfani da saukad da ido ko kuma sanya ido. Ba a bada shawarar tiyata gaba ɗaya. Sau da yawa alamun haɓakawa suna farawa a cikin kwanaki 14, tare da cikakken murmurewa a cikin watanni shida. Wasu kaɗan ba za su iya murmurewa gaba ɗaya ba ko kuma su sami maimaita bayyanar cututtuka.
Lalacewar Bell shine mafi yawan sanadin gurguncewar jijiyar fuska mai gefe guda (70%). Yana faruwa a cikin 1 zuwa 4 ga mutane 10,000 a shekara. Kimanin kashi 1.5% na mutane suna shafar wani lokaci a rayuwarsu. Mafi yawanci yakan faru ne a cikin mutane tsakanin shekaru 15 zuwa 60. Maza da mata suna shafar daidai. An ambaci sunan ne bayan likitan tiyata na Scotland Charles Bell (1774-1818), wanda ya fara bayanin haɗin jijiyar fuska da yanayin.

## Manazarta
Valproate

**Valproate** (**VPA**) da **valproic acid**, **sodium valproate**, da **valproate semisodium** siffofin magunguna ne da farko da ake amfani da su don magance farfadiya da cututtuka na bipolar da kuma hana ciwon kai. Suna da amfani don rigakafin faɗuwar da cuta a cikin waɗanda ba su da faɗuwar rashi, faɗuwar ɓangarori, da faɗuwar gaba ɗaya. Ana iya ba su ta hanyar jini ko ta baki, kuma nau'ikan kwamfutar hannu suna wanzu a cikin tsari mai tsayi da gajere.

Illolin valproate na yau da kullun sun haɗa da tashin zuciya, amai, bacci, da bushewar baki. Mummunan illa na iya haɗawa da gazawar hanta, don haka ana ba da shawarar saka idanu akai-akai na gwajin aikin hanta. Sauran manyan haɗari sun haɗa da pancreatitis da ƙara haɗarin kashe kai. An san Valproate yana haifar da mummunar rashin daidaituwa a cikin jarirai idan an sha a lokacin daukar ciki, kuma saboda haka ba a ba da shawarar ba ga matan da suka kai shekarun haihuwa waɗanda ke da migraines.

Ba a san takamaiman tsarin aikin Valproate ba. Hanyoyin da aka tsara sun haɗa da rinjayar matakan GABA, toshe tashoshin sodium mai ƙarfin lantarki, da hana histone deacetylases. Valproic acid fatty acid ne mai guntun sarka (SCFA) wanda aka yi daga valeric acid.

An fara yin Valproate a cikin 1881 kuma ya fara amfani da magani a cikin 1962. Yana cikin Jerin Mahimman Magunguna na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya. Ana samunsa azaman magani na gama-gari. Jimlar farashin a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa kusan dalar Amurka 0.40 kowace rana kamar na 2015. A Amurka, kuɗin da ake kashewa yana kusan dalar Amurka 1.30 a kowace rana kamar na 2019. Ana sayar da shi a ƙarƙashin alamun alamun **Depakote**, da sauransu. A cikin 2017, shi ne na 126th mafi yawan magunguna a Amurka, tare da magunguna fiye da miliyan biyar.

## Manazarta
Olympias (Herodian)

**Olympias the Herodian** ( Greek    **'Olumpiáda**' ) ' yace ga Hirudus Mai Girma ce kuma matar Malthace, Bamariya .  Wannan shi ne auren Hirudus na huɗu. ’Yan’uwan Olympias da aka fi sani su ne Hirudus Archelaus da Hirudus Antipas . Ta auri ɗan’uwan Hirudus, Yusufu ben Yusufu, ta haifa masa ’ya mace, Mariamne, matar Hirudus na Kalci na farko, kuma mahaifiyar Aristobulus na Kalci .

## Manazarta
Hydronephrosis

**Hydronephrosis** shine dilation na calyces da ƙashin ƙugu na koda sakamakon toshewar fitsari zuwa ƙasa. Lokacin da sauri cikin farawa, alamun sau da yawa sun haɗa da ciwo mara nauyi, tare da ɓarna mai zafi. Sau da yawa mutane suna samun matsala wajen samun matsayi na tabbatarwa. Tashin zuciya da sha'awar fitsari na iya kasancewa. Lokacin da yake tasowa a hankali babu alamun da zai iya kasancewa. Matsalolin na iya haɗawa da kamuwa da cutar yoyon fitsari da gazawar koda.

Yana iya faruwa a matakin ureter, mafitsara, ko urethra. Yana iya faruwa a sakamakon ciwon koda, ciwon daji, ureteropelvic junction stenosis, ureteral strictures, renal cysts, na baya urethra valves, benign prostatic hyperplasia, ciki, retroperitoneal fibrosis, da kuma neurogenic mafitsara. Ganowa yawanci ta hanyar hoto na likita.

Jiyya ya dogara da sanadin. Ana yawan sanya catheter na yoyon don ƙananan hanyoyin toshewar yoyon fitsari, yayin da za'a iya sanya ƙwanƙolin urethra ko bututun nephrostomy mai ɗaiɗai don dalilai na urinary mafi girma. Bayan obstructive diuresis na iya faruwa bayan kawar da toshewar. Hydronephrosis na kowa ne. Yana shafar kashi 1% na jarirai da kashi 80% na mata masu juna biyu, yayin da duwatsun koda suka fi zama sanadin samari. Ana samun shi a kusan kashi 3% na mutane a lokacin mutuwa.

## Manazarta
Ranitidine

**Ranitidine**, wanda ake sayar da shi a ƙarƙashin sunan kasuwanci **Zantac** da sauransu, magani ne wanda ke rage yawan samar da acid na ciki. An kuma  fi amfani da shi don magance cututtukan cututtukan peptic, cututtukan gastroesophageal reflux, da ciwon Zollinger-Ellison. Har ila yau, akwai shaidar ɗan lokaci na fa'ida ga amya. Ana iya ɗauka ta baki, ta hanyar allura a cikin tsoka, ko cikin jijiya.

Abubuwan da aka sani sun haɗa da ciwon kai, da zafi ko ƙonewa idan an yi musu ta hanyar allura. Mummunan illa na iya haɗawa da matsalolin hanta, jinkirin bugun zuciya, ciwon huhu, da kuma yuwuwar rufe kansar ciwon ciki. Hakanan yana da alaƙa da haɓakar haɗarin *Clostridium difficile colitis*. Gabaɗaya yana da lafiya a cikin ciki. Ranitidine antagonist mai karɓar H2 histamine ne wanda kuma ke aiki ta hanyar toshe histamine, don haka yana rage adadin acid ɗin da ƙwayoyin ciki ke fitarwa.

An gano Ranitidine a Ingila, UK a cikin shekarar 1976, kuma ya fara amfani da kasuwanci a 1981. Yana cikin Jerin Mahimman Magunguna na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya. Ana samunsa azaman magani na gama-gari. Farashin 2015 a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa ya kai dalar Amurka 0.01-0.05 kowace kwamfutar hannu. A Amurka kusan $0.05 ne a kowane kashi. A cikin 2017, shi ne na 48th mafi yawan magunguna a Amurka, tare da rubutattun magunguna sama da miliyan 16.

A cikin Satumba 2019, an gano carcinogen N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) a cikin samfuran ranitidine daga masana'antun da yawa, wanda ya haifar da tunowa. A cikin Afrilu 2020, an janye shi daga kasuwar Amurka kuma an dakatar da shi a cikin Tarayyar Turai da Ostiraliya saboda waɗannan damuwa.

## Manazarta
Avi Ostrowsky

**Avi Ostrowsky** (An haife shi a shekarar 1939). jagoran Isra'ila ne kuma darektan kiɗa.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Avi Ostrowsky yayi karatu tare da Gary Bertini da Mordechai Seter a Rubin Academy a Tel Aviv . Daga nan ya yi karatu da Hans Swarowsky a Kwalejin Kiɗa ta Vienna da Franco Ferrara a Italiya . Yayin da yake karatu a Vienna malamansa sun gane basirarsa wanda ya ba shi damar kammala shirin na shekaru uku a cikin shekaru biyu.

Yana zaune kusa da garin Tel Aviv kuma wani lokaci yana zama a garin Brussels.

## Aikin kiɗa
A shekarar 1968, Ostrowsky ya lashe lambar yabo ta farko a gasar Nikolai Malko a Copenhagen . A wannan shekarar ya zama darektan fasaha na kungiyar kade-kade ta Haifa Symphony, mukamin da ya rike har zuwa shekarar 1972.  A shekarar 1970 ya kafa Isra'ila Netanya Kibbutz Orchestra, wanda ya jagoranci har zuwa shekarar 1974 da kuma sake daga shekarar 1998 zuwa shekarar 2003. A cikin shekarar 1973 ya kafa Isra'ila Sinfonietta Beersheba kuma ya jagoranci ta har zuwa shekarar 1978 lokacin da aka nada shi darekta na Orchestra na Antwerp Philharmonic, mukamin da ya rike har zuwa shekarar 1984. Daga shekarar 1989 zuwa shekarar 1993 ya jagoranci Rediyon Norway Symphonica .

Tun daga wannan lokacin an gayyace shi don gudanar da kade-kade a duniya, daga cikinsu akwai kungiyar kade- kade ta London Philharmonic Orchestra, London Symphony Orchestra, Philharmonia, Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, BBC Philharmonic, OFUNAM, Amsterdam Philharmonic Orchestra, Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra, Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra, South African National Orchestra Orchestra da Hungarian National Philharmonic . Ya zagaya Ostiraliya tare da ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Philharmonic ta London.

Ostrowsky ya yi rikodin Stravinsky's *Le sacre du printemps* da *Petrushka* da Mahler da Schubert symphonies da Berlioz's "Symphonie fantastique", da sauransu.

Yakan yi tafiya zuwa birnin kasar Mexico don gudanar da OFUAM.

## Duba kuma

* Kiɗa na Isra'ila

## Manazarta
Rheumatoid amosanin gabbai

**Rheumatoid amosanin gabbai** (**RA**) cuta ce ta autoimmune na dogon lokaci wacce ke shafar haɗin gwiwa. Yawanci yana haifar da dumi, kumbura, da ƙumburi mai raɗaɗi. Raɗaɗi da taurin kai sukan tsananta bayan hutu. Mafi yawanci, wuyan hannu da hannaye suna da hannu, tare da haɗin gwiwa iri ɗaya galibi suna shiga bangarorin biyu na jiki. Haka kuma cutar na iya shafar sauran sassan jiki. Wannan na iya haifar da ƙarancin adadin ƙwayoyin jini, kumburi a kusa da huhu, da kumburin zuciya. Zazzabi da ƙarancin kuzari na iya kasancewa. Sau da yawa, bayyanar cututtuka na zuwa a hankali cikin makonni zuwa watanni.

Duk da yake abin da ke haifar da cututtukan cututtuka na rheumatoid ba a bayyana ba, an yi imanin ya ƙunshi haɗuwa da kwayoyin halitta da abubuwan muhalli. Tsarin da ke ciki ya ƙunshi tsarin garkuwar jiki da ke kai hari ga gidajen abinci. Wannan yana haifar da kumburi da kauri na haɗin capsule na gwiwa. Hakanan yana shafar ƙashin da ke ciki da guringuntsi. Ana yin ganewar asali ne yawanci akan alamomi da alamun mutum. Hoton X-ray da gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje na iya goyan bayan ganewar asali ko ware wasu cututtuka masu irin wannan alamun. Sauran cututtuka da zasu iya gabatarwa irin wannan sun hada da lupus erythematosus na tsarin jiki, psoriatic arthritis, da fibromyalgia da sauransu.

Makasudin maganin shine don rage zafi, rage kumburi, da inganta aikin mutum gaba ɗaya. Ana iya taimakawa wannan ta hanyar daidaita hutu da motsa jiki, amfani da splint da braces, ko amfani da na'urorin taimako. Ana amfani da magungunan zafi, steroids, da NSAIDs akai-akai don taimakawa tare da bayyanar cututtuka. Ana iya amfani da magungunan antirheumatic masu gyara cuta (DMARDs), irin su hydroxychloroquine da methotrexate, don ƙoƙarin rage ci gaban cuta. Ana iya amfani da DMARD na halitta lokacin da cuta ba ta amsa wasu jiyya ba. Duk da haka, suna iya samun mafi girman adadin rashin illa. Tiyata don gyarawa, maye gurbin, ko haɗa haɗin gwiwa na iya taimakawa a wasu yanayi. Yawancin magungunan madadin magani ba su da goyan bayan shaida.

RA yana shafar kusan mutane miliyan 24.5 kamar na 2015. Wannan yana tsakanin 0.5 da 1% na manya a cikin ƙasashen da suka ci gaba tare da 5 da 50 a cikin 100,000 mutane suna tasowa yanayin kowace shekara. Farawa ya fi yawa a lokacin tsakiyar shekaru kuma mata suna shafar sau 2.5 akai-akai fiye da maza. Ya haifar da mutuwar 38,000 a cikin 2013, daga mutuwar 28,000 a 1990. An yi bayanin farko na RA a 1800 ta Augustin Jacob Landré-Beauvais (1772-1840) na Paris. Kalmar *rheumatoid arthritis* gabbai ta dogara ne akan Hellenanci don haɗin ruwa da kumburi.

## Manazarta
Tachycardia

**Tachycardia** shine bugun zuciya wanda ya wuce bugun 100 a cikin minti daya a cikin manya, kodayake yana da matukar damuwa idan ya wuce 150. Alamun na iya bambanta daga babu zuwa mai tsanani. Waɗannan na iya haɗawa da bugun zuciya, kai haske, ƙarancin numfashi, ciwon ƙirji, ko daidaitawa.

Nau'o'in sun haɗa da sinus tachycardia, tachycardia supraventricular paroxysmal, fibrillation na atrial, atrial flutter, ƙarin bugun jini kamar bugun da ba a kai ba da bugun zuciya, tachycardia na ventricular, da fibrillation na ventricular. Abubuwan da ke tattare da haɗari sun haɗa da ƙarancin iskar oxygen, zazzabi, cututtukan zuciya, abubuwan motsa jiki, da rashin daidaituwa na electrolyte. Ana gano cutar ta hanyar electrocardiogram (ECG). Za a iya raba su zuwa kunkuntar hadaddun da fadi da hadaddun kuma fiye da kara rarraba zuwa na yau da kullun da na yau da kullun.

Jiyya ya dogara da nau'in tachycardia. Wani dalili na iya buƙatar magance shi, idan akwai. Idan mutum ba shi da kwanciyar hankali saboda tachycardia, ana ba da shawarar yin aiki tare da cardioversion gabaɗaya, kodayake a wasu lokuta ana iya amfani da adenosine. Idan hadaddun QRS ya kasance kunkuntar kuma mutumin ya kasance barga vagal maneuvers, ana iya amfani da adenosine, beta blockers, ko masu hana tashar calcium. Tachycardia na kowa.

## Manazarta
Conjunctivitis

**Conjunctivitis**, wanda kuma aka sani da **ido mai ruwan hoda**, shine kumburin saman iyakar farin sashin ido da saman fatar ido na ciki. Yana sa ido ya zama ruwan hoda ko ja. Za a iya jin zafi, konewa, karce, ko ƙaiƙayi. Idon da abin ya shafa na iya ƙara hawaye ko kuma “a makale” da safe. Kumburi na farin sashin ido na iya faruwa. Kaiƙayi ya fi zama ruwan dare a lokuta saboda allergies. Conjunctivitis na iya shafar ido ɗaya ko biyu.

Abubuwan da suka fi kamuwa da cuta sune ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta ke biye da su. Kamuwa da cuta na iya faruwa tare da wasu alamun mura na kowa. Dukansu ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta suna saurin yaɗuwa tsakanin mutane. Allergy ga pollen ko gashin dabba ma abu ne na kowa. Ana gano cutar sau da yawa akan alamu da alamu. Lokaci-lokaci, ana aika samfurin fitarwa don al'ada.

Rigakafin wani bangare ne ta hanyar wanke hannu. Jiyya ya dogara da ainihin dalilin. A mafi yawan lokuta masu kamuwa da cuta, babu takamaiman magani. Yawancin lokuta saboda kamuwa da ƙwayar cuta kuma suna warwarewa ba tare da magani ba; duk da haka, maganin rigakafi na iya rage rashin lafiya. Mutanen da suke sanye da ruwan tabarau da kuma wadanda cutar gonorrhea ko chlamydia ke haifar da su yakamata a yi musu magani. Za a iya magance matsalolin rashin lafiyan tare da maganin antihistamines ko mast cell inhibitor drops.

Kimanin mutane miliyan uku (3) zuwa shida (6) ke kamuwa da cutar sankarau kowace shekara a Amurka. A cikin manya, cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta sun fi yawa, yayin da yara, cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta sun fi yawa. Yawanci, mutane suna samun sauƙi a cikin mako ɗaya ko biyu. Idan hasara na gani, ciwo mai mahimmanci, hankali ga haske, alamun herpes, ko kuma idan bayyanar cututtuka ba su inganta ba bayan mako guda, ana iya buƙatar ƙarin ganewar asali da magani. Conjunctivitis a cikin jariri, wanda aka sani da conjunctivitis na jariri, na iya buƙatar takamaiman magani.

## Manazarta
Tsiro

**Tsiro** wani abune, wanda yake futowa daga karkashin kasa zuwa saman kasa, wasu tsirran ana sukaasu a gida sabo kyawata muhalli yana futowa kala kala wani yana futowa a matsayin bishiya wani kuma yana futowa a matsayin ciyawa tsiro wani abune Wanda yake da launin Kore yayin da yafara tasawa, gashi gwanin ban sha'awa,anayin ado da tsiro a gurare da dama kamar gida, masana'anta, company,dadai sauransu.sannan tsiro ana samun shi a inda ruwan sama ya jika kokuma a inda aka zuba ruwa aka shuka dan a samu tsiron,wani tsiron yakan fito ya girma harma yayi 'ya'ya.

'Tsiro' ana iya kiransa jaririn itaciya,wanda ke fitowa daga kasa bayan anyi shuka.
Government College, Birnin Kudu

**Government College, Birnin Kudu** makarantar sakandare ce dake a Birnin Kudu, Jihar Jigawa, Najeriya. An kafa ta a matsayin makarantar tsakiya (*middle school*) a shekara ta 1947. Gwamnatin yanki ita ta kafa makarantar, kwalejin tana da manyan tsofaffin ɗalibai. ciki har da gwamnoni biyar da hamshakin attajiri Aliko Dangote

## Tsofaffin Ɗaliban makarantar
* Abubakar Rimi tsohon gwamnan Kano
* Sule Lamido tsohon gwamnan Jigawa 
* Abdullahi Umar Ganduje Gwamnan Kano
* Aliko Dangote babban ɗan kasuwa kuma mai kuɗin Afrika 
* Aminu Ado Bayero sarkin Kano na 15
* Sanata (Arc.) Kabiru Ibrahim Gaya
* Senator Bello Maitama Yusuf- tsohon ministan harkokin kasuwanci a jamhuriya ta biyu, FRN.
* Barrister Ali Sa'ad Birnin Kudu
* Alhaji Lamido Sanusi Ado Bayero tsohon darekta a hukumar Nigeria Ports Authority NPA.
* Birgediya janar Lawal Jafar Isah-tsohon shugaban sojoji a Kaduna
* Dr. Junaidu Mohammed tsohon ɗan majalisar dokokin Najeriya a jamhuriya ta biyu 
* Alhaji Halilu Ahmed Getso ɗan jarida
* Alhaji Kassim M. Bichi
* Dr. Tafida Abubakar Ila sarkin Rano

## Manazarta
Djene Kaba Condé

**Djene Kaba Condé** (an haife ta a garin Kankan, Guinea) (1960-2023) ta yi aiki a matsayin Uwargidan Shugaban kasar Guinea daga shekara ta 2010 har zuwa lokacin da mijinta Alpha Condé ya hambarar da shi a lokacin juyin mulkin kasar Guinea a 2021.  Tana da yara uku.

## Ilimi
Ta yi karatu a jami'ar *University Paris VII* a Faransa, *Master of Information Science and Communication*. Ita ma tana da digiri a fannin zamantakewa. Ta yi aiki da hukumar Francophonie a Paris, kuma shekaru goma ta kasance mai ba da shawara ga aikin yi da shigar da ƙwararrun ANPE-PARIS. 
Ta fara karatun firamare a makarantar Dramé Oumar dake Kankan. Bayan shigarta CEP, ta ci gaba da karatunta a Kwalejin Almamy Samory Touré ta zama makarantar sakandare Almamy Samory Touré don karatun sakandare. Shigar da ta yi a BEPC, don ci gaba da karatu. Don haka za ta hadu a jere a Lycée 2 Agusta da 1 Maris a Conakry inda ta sami "Baccalaureate". Masoyi kuma haziki, za ta shiga Faculty of Social Sciences and Nature (FASSONA) na Donka, kafin ta ci Paris a shekara ta 1984 don samun digiri a fannin ilimin zamantakewa a babbar jami'ar Jussieu Paris 7 da digiri na biyu a cikin zaɓi na zamantakewar zamantakewa "Information-Communication" tare da girmamawa.

Djéné Kaba tana goyan bayan ƙaidar karatunta akan jigon: Wariyar launin fata a cikin jaridun Faransa, nazarin kwatancen manyan jaridu guda uku wato Le Monde, Le Figaro da Libération.

## Bayanan sana'a
Nan da nan bayan kammala karatun jami'a da karatun digiri na biyu, matashiyar Djéné Kaba ta fara aiki a Hukumar Kula da Al'adu da Haɗin Kan Fasaha (ACCT), yanzu Agence de la Francophonie, a Paris na tsawon shekaru 8 a ƙarƙashin ayyuka daban-daban:

* Da farko ke da alhakin buga wata jarida ta fasaha don sa ido kan ayyukan shugabannin kasashe a taron koli na La Francophonie (tsara da yadawa a cikin kasashe membobin);
* Mataimakiyar Daraktan Sadarwa inda ta ke da alhakin haɗawa da rubuta bayanan gaskiya da rahoton manufa; shirye-shirye da kiyaye kayan aikin jarida;
* Manajan IT da ɓoye bayanan fayil ɗin Albarkatun Dan Adam.

Daga nan sai ta ɗauki aikin mai ba da shawara kan samar da aikin yi a Hukumar Samar da Aikin yi ta kasa (ANPE), wanda a yanzu ake kira da “Pole Emploi”.

A wannan hukumar, Djéné Conde yayi ma'amala na shekaru da yawa, yafi daukar ma'aikata, haɗa (tsakanin wadata da buƙata), aiwatar da hanyoyin neman aikin da ma'auni na nasarorin sirri da na sana'a. Ita ma tana tunani

## Harkokin siyasa
Djéné Condé tana goyan bayan Gidauniyar Inganta Rayuwar Mata da Yara (PROSMI), wanda aka kirkira a cikin watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2011. Gidauniyar tana ɗaukar matakai a fannoni da dama, da suka haɗa da kiwon lafiya, muhalli, karfafa mata da makaranta yara mata.

## Manazarta
Lambu

**Lambu** wani guri ne wanda ake keɓewa dan yin shuke-shuke, ana shuka fulawa mai launin Kore acikin sa, domin samun ado aguri, sannan ana yin shuke-shuke na **kayan marmari**, kamar Mangwaro, Gwanda, Ayaba, da dai sauransu. Lambu guri ne Wanda yake da nau'ika masu ban sha'awa, akwai lambu na Manoma, sai kuma lambun da ƴan ƙauye suke aikin lambu ba dan komai ba sai dan ya zama shine gurin samun abincin su da kuma kuɗin kashewarsu, lambu ana samun alheri acikinsa sosai, domin duk Wanda yake da lambu baya rabuwa da farin ciki a kodayaushe, ana Shiga cikinsa domin a huta kokuma ashiga domin a ɗauki hotuna, lambu yana da matuƙar farin jini agurin al'umma saboda launikan dake cikinsa masu ban sha'awa. Sannan Lambu akan sameshi a wajen gida da kuma cikin gida. Ya zama Al'ada ga wadanda suke da hali ko arziki yin lambu a cikin gida. Lambu akan yi shi domin sana'a ko kuma waje na nishadi. 

## Manazarta.
Ibram X. Kendi

**Ibram Xolani Kendi** (an haife shi **Ibrahim Henry Rogers**, a ranar 13 ga watan Augusta shekara ta, 1982) ya kasance marubuci ɗan Amurka ne, farfesa, mai gwagwarmayar wariyar launin fata, kuma masanin tarihi akan ƙabilanci da wariya a Amurka. A Yulin 2020, ya zama darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Antiracist a Jami'ar Boston.

## Manazarta
Statin

**Statins**, wanda kuma aka sani da **HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors**, wani nau'in magani ne da aka fi amfani da shi don hauhawar cholesterol da cututtukan zuciya. Ana amfani da su duka don hana cututtukan zuciya a cikin waɗanda ke cikin haɗari mai yawa, da kuma waɗanda ke da cututtukan zuciya. Ana ɗauke su da baki.

Abubuwan da ake amfani da su sun haɗa da ciwon kai, maƙarƙashiya, da tashin hankali. Mummunan illa na iya haɗawa da raunin tsoka, matsalolin hanta, da ciwon sukari mellitus. Ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da lokacin daukar ciki ko shayarwa ba. Suna hana HMG-CoA reductase enzyme wanda ke rage samar da cholesterol da triglycerides.

An gano Statins a cikin 1971 kuma lovastatin ya shiga aikin likita a cikin 1987. Akwai adadin statins a matsayin magani na gama-gari kuma ba su da tsada. Su ne mafi yawan magungunan rage ƙwayar cholesterol. A cikin 2018 atorvastatin shine mafi yawan magunguna a Amurka kuma simvastatin shine na 10 mafi yawan wajabta.

## Manazarta
Nutsewa

An ayyana **nutsewa** a matsayin raunin numfashi sakamakon kasancewa a ciki ko ƙarƙashin ruwa.  Nutsewa yawanci yana faruwa a hankali, tare da wasu mutane kaɗan ne kawai ke iya daga hannayensu ko kiran taimako. Alamomin bayan ceto na iya haɗawa da matsalolin numfashi, amai, ruɗe, ko rashin sani. Wani lokaci bayyanar cututtuka na iya fitowa har zuwa sa'o'i shida bayan haka. Ruwan ruwa na iya zama mai rikitarwa ta ƙarancin zafin jiki, buri na amai, ko matsananciyar wahala ta numfashi.

Ana yawan nutsewa a lokacin da yanayi ya yi zafi da kuma cikin masu yawan samun ruwa. Abubuwan haɗari sun haɗa da amfani da barasa, farfaɗiya, da ƙarancin yanayin zamantakewa. Wuraren gama gari na nutsewa sun haɗa da wuraren wanka, wuraren wanka, jikunan ruwa, da bokiti. Da farko mutum yana riƙe numfashinsa, wanda ke biye da laryngospasm, sannan ƙananan matakan oxygen. Mahimman adadin ruwa yakan shiga cikin huhu ne kawai a cikin tsari. Ana iya rarraba shi zuwa nau'i uku: nutsewa tare da mutuwa, nutsewa tare da matsalolin lafiya masu gudana, da nutsewa ba tare da wata matsala ta lafiya ba.

Ƙoƙarin hana nutsewa ya haɗa da koya wa yara yin iyo, amintaccen ayyukan kwale-kwale, da iyakancewa ko cire hanyar samun ruwa kamar ta wuraren waha. Maganin wadanda ba sa numfashi ya kamata a fara da bude hanyar iska da samar da numfashi guda biyar. A cikin waɗanda zuciyarsu ba ta bugawa ba kuma waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin ruwa ƙasa da sa'a ɗaya ana ba da shawarar CPR. Yawan tsira ya fi kyau a tsakanin waɗanda ke da ɗan gajeren lokaci a ƙarƙashin ruwa. Daga cikin yaran da suka tsira, sakamako mara kyau yana faruwa a kusan kashi 7.5% na lokuta.

A cikin 2015, an yi kiyasin mutane miliyan 4.5 na nutsewar ruwa ba da niyya ba a duniya. A waccan shekarar, an sami mutuwar mutane 324,000 da nutsewa cikin ruwa, wanda ya zama na uku a sanadin raunukan da ba a yi niyya ba bayan fadowar da motoci. Daga cikin wadannan mutuwar, 56,000 sun faru ne a cikin yara 'yan kasa da shekaru biyar. Nutsewa ya kai kashi 7% na duk mace-macen da ke da alaƙa da rauni, tare da fiye da kashi 90% na waɗannan mutuwar suna faruwa a ƙasashe masu tasowa. Ruwa yana faruwa akai-akai a cikin maza da matasa.

## Manazarta