open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ginin Iblis (Antigua da Barbuda)

**Gidan shakatawa na Devil's Bridge** wani dutse ne na halitta a gabashin Antigua . Tana kan iyakar Tekun,  kusa da Indian Town Point zuwa gabashin Willikies. Yankin da ke kewaye da bakan yana da ramuka masu yawa waɗanda ke harba ruwa da furewa da raƙuman ruwa daga Tekun Atlantika. Wannan wuri na musamman yana fuskantar raƙuman ruwa waɗanda Iska ta Kasuwanci ke turawa ba tare da ƙasa tsakanin nan da Turai ba. Yankunan da ke kusa da su kamar Long Cove suna da kariya ta hanyar kogi na bakin teku wanda ke aiki a matsayin ruwa mai kariya. A shekara ta 2008 an ayyana shi a matsayin wurin shakatawa na kasa**Gidan shakatawa na Devil's Bridge** wani dutse ne na halitta a gabashin Antigua . Tana kan iyakar Tekun,  kusa da Indian Town Point zuwa gabashin Willikies. Yankin da ke kewaye da bakan yana da ramuka masu yawa waɗanda ke harba ruwa da furewa da raƙuman ruwa daga Tekun Atlantika. Wannan wuri na musamman yana fuskantar raƙuman ruwa waɗanda Iska ta Kasuwanci ke turawa ba tare da ƙasa tsakanin nan da Turai ba. Yankunan da ke kusa da su kamar Long Cove suna da kariya ta hanyar kogi na bakin teku wanda ke aiki a matsayin ruwa mai kariya. A shekara ta 2008 an ayyana shi a matsayin wurin shakatawa na kasa.

## Manazarta
Ƙofar Iblis (Crimea)

**Ƙofar Iblis** (Crimea Tatar) ko **Ƙofar Zinariya** (*Altın Qapı*) dutse ne mai kama da bakan kusa da Dutsen Kara Dag a cikin Crimea . An yi imanin cewa dutsen ya nuna ƙofar zuwa jahannama. Ya shahara tare da masu yawon bude ido da mafarauta. An yi tunanin Alexander Pushkin shine na farko da ya nuna dutsen, a gefen littafinsa *[[Eugene Onegin|Eugene Onegin.]]*

## Manazarta
Canjin muhalli

**Canjin muhalli** sauyi ne ko hargitsi na muhalli wanda galibi ke haifar da tasirin ɗan adam da tsarin yanayin muhalli.  Canje-canjen muhalli sun haɗa da abubuwa daban-daban, kamar bala'o'i, na kutsawar ɗan adam, ko hulɗar dabbobi.  Canjin muhalli ya ƙunshi ba kawai canje-canjen jiki ba, har ma da abubuwa kamar kamuwa da nau'in ɓarna.

## Dubi kuma

* Canjin yanayi da canji
* Rashin lalacewar muhalli
* Tasirin ɗan adam a kan muhalli
* Atlas na Canjin Yanayinmu
* Fuskar filastik na phenotypic
Togoland Congress

**Togoland Congress** (**TCP**) jam'iyyar siyasa ce da aka kafa a shekarar 1951 wacce ta lashe kujeru uku a zaɓukan Gold Coast a watan Afrilu 1954 da kujeru biyu a zaɓen watan Yuli 1956, amma ba ta daɗe da wanzuwa ba. Manufar Majalisar Togoland ita ce kamfen ɗin haɗewar ƙabilar Ewe a Togoland ta Biritaniya da Togoland ta Faransa a matsayin ƙasar Ewe ta daban; Duk da haka jam'iyyar ta sake ƙasa a cikin watan Mayun 1956 na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da aka gudanar a Togoland na Biritaniya, wanda ya haifar da haɗewar Togoland na Birtaniya da Gold Coast.

Alamar jam'iyyar ta kasance tauraro mai nuni da rawaya biyar akan wani farin bango.

## Zaɓen 'yan majalisa

## Manazarta
Asusun Kare Yara

Shugaba/Shugaba Rev. Dr. Starsky Wilson
Manyan mutane Starsky Wilson, Shugaba & Shugaba
Haraji ya Karu $21,338,231 (2013)[2]
Abubuwan da ake kashewa sun karu $22,048,162 (2013)[2]
Yanar Gizo www.childrensdefense.org
Asusun Tsaron Yara (CDF) ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta 501 (c) (3) ta Amurka wacce ke Washington, D.C., wacce ke mai da hankali kan ba da shawarar yara da bincike. An kafa shi a cikin 1973 ta Marian Wright Edelman.

## Tarihi
An kafa CDF a cikin 1973, yana ambaton wahayi daga Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Bil'adama, tare da manufar inganta manufofin tarayya game da jin dadin yara da tsarin ilimin jama'a. 

CDF tana da hedikwata a Washington, D.C., kuma tana da ofisoshi a jihohi da dama a fadin kasar: California, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Mississippi, South Carolina, Tennessee da Texas. Shirye-shiryen CDF suna aiki a jihohi 28.

## Ayyuka
Tun lokacin da aka kafa, CDF ta lobbied don wucewa dokokin da suka danganci manufofinta ciki har da Dokar Ilimi ga Duk Nakasassu  a cikin 1975 (yanzu da aka sani da Dokar Ilimin Mutum da Nakasa) da Dokar Tallafawa da Tallafin Yara a cikin 1980. Dokokinta na majalisa sun hada da Shirin Farawa, Asusun Kiwon Lafiya na Yara, CHICredit Health, da Asusun Kula da Lafiya na Yara.

CDF ta gudanar da kamfen na wayar da kan jama'a da yawa, gami da Gangamin Rigakafin Ciki na Matasa a 1986,  yaƙin neman zaɓe na rigakafin tashin hankali, da kawo ƙarshen talaucin yara.

Shirye-shiryen CDF sun haɗa da shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na zamani wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin 1993 don haɓaka yara ta hanyar karatu,   wanan shirin Beat the Odds wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin 1990 wanda ke ɗaukar nauyin wayar da kan jama'a da bayar da guraben karatu na kwaleji,   da kuma Asusun Horar da Jagorancin Matasa.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kuɗaɗen CDF sun samar da rahotannin bayar da shawarwarin yara da yawa. Waɗannan rahotannin sun ƙunshi batutuwa, tun daga kawo ƙarshen talaucin yara da yawan zaman kurkuku (da makaranta zuwa bututun gidan yari) zuwa tsaron bindiga game da yara. 

A cikin 2008, CDF tana cikin ƙungiyoyin agaji da ke karɓar gudummawa daga taron tattara kuɗi na gidan talabijin na "Idol Yana Baya".

Fitattun mutane da yawa sun shiga cikin ayyukan agaji. Reese Witherspoon ya yi aiki a kwamitin gudanarwa. J.J. Abrams ya tallafa wa Makarantun 'Yanci na CDF a baya. 

## Manazarta
Haɗin kai

Kwalejin **Integrationskurs** kwas ce ta haɗin gwiwa da Jamus ke bayarwa don taimakawa baƙi su daidaita da rayuwa a Jamus. An yi nufin ƙungiyar Integrationskurs don shirya waɗanda ba 'yan ƙasa ba su zama 'yan ƙasa bisa doka da zamantakewa ta hanyar koyon harshen Jamus da tsarin shari'a, siyasa, al'adu, al'umma, da tarihin Jamus.

Bisa ga ma'anar doka a Sashe na 43, Sashe na 2 na Dokar Zama, ƙungiyar Integrationskurs tana goyon bayan ƙoƙarin haɗakar baƙi ta hanyar gabatar da tayin haɗin kai don samun nasarar koya musu harshe, tsarin shari'a, al'ada, da tarihin Jamus. Baƙi za su saba da yanayin rayuwa a yankin tarayya har su iya yin aiki da kansu a cikin dukkan al'amuran rayuwa na yau da kullun ba tare da taimakon ko shiga tsakani daga wasu kamfanoni ba.

An gabatar da Integrationskurs a shekarar 2005 a matsayin wani ɓangare na Dokar Shige da Fice.  Dokar ta ƙayyade aiwatar da Integrationskurs ga baƙi da waɗanda suka makara (Dokar Koyar da Haɗaka - IntV). 

## Shiga
Dokar ta bambanta tsakanin 'yancin (Sashe na 44 na Dokar Zama) da kuma wajibcin (Sashe na 44a na Dokar Zama) na shiga.

### Mahalarta masu cancanta
Sharaɗin shiga wannan shirin shine zama na dindindin a Jamus da kuma izinin zama a Jamus .

A da, masu neman mafaka da kuma mutanen da aka yarda da su ba su sami damar shiga Integrationskurs ba bisa ga Sashe na 43 da jerin Dokokin Zama. [1] An canza wannan ta hanyar Mataki na 3 Lamba ta 6 na Dokar Hanzarta Tsarin Mafaka ta ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 2015, [2] a cikin Sashe na 44 Sashe na 4 Sashe na 2 na Dokar Zama don amfanin mutanen da ke da izinin zama (Sashe na 5 Sashe na 2 IntV) [3] don ba da damar samun harshe da wuri. Duk da haka, rajista yana iyakance ga watanni uku bayan karɓar shiga kuma ya dogara da wuraren da ake da su a kan kwas ɗin. Masu neman mafaka waɗanda suka fito daga ƙasar asali mai aminci a cikin Sashe na 29a na Dokar Mafaka (Sashe na 44 (4) jumla ta 3 na Dokar Zama) an kuma cire su daga shiga.

'Yan ƙasar EU ba su da haƙƙin doka na shiga cikin Integrationskurs amma Ofishin Tarayya na Hijira da 'Yan Gudun Hijira (BAMF) zai iya shigar da su cikin Integrationskurs idan akwai wurare (Sashe na 44 (3) jumla ta 1 na Dokar Zama).

A shekarar 2012, mutane 94,020 ne suka fara Integrationskurs; a shekarar 2014, adadin ya kai 142,439. Ana sa ran sama da sabbin mahalarta 180,000 a shekarar 2015, kuma an yi hasashen cewa kimanin sabbin mahalarta 306,000 za su shiga shekarar 2016, idan aka yi la'akari da bude Integrationskurs ga masu neman mafaka da kuma wadanda ke da yanayin juriya. 

## Manazarta
Asusun kiwon lafiya na yara

Asusun kiwon lafiya na yara (ChF) kungiyar cetrofit ce ta bayar da lafiya ga yara da iyalai kan asibitocin tafi-da-gidanka a cikin Amurka. An kafa Chf a cikin 1987 by Mawaƙa / Sihiri Bulus Paul da ɗan lokaci / Baftisanci Irwin Redler. Kungiyar ta fara ne tare da likita ta hannu guda ɗaya ta Saminu da kuma matar Mai Riseler ta tsara,  Fiye da shekaru 20 daga baya, kungiyar tana da shirye-shirye na muhimmiyar 8 tare da raka'a na lafiya na wayar tarho don 'yan matan marasa gida da kuma masu biyan kuɗi da kuma iyayensu.  Karen Redlerner ya zauna tare da ChF, a halin yanzu yana bauta a matsayin Daraktan zartarwa na kungiyar.  ]

Shirye-shiryen Chf sun himmatu ga cikawar lafiyar yara daga ilimin kiwon lafiya da kuma kariya ta hanzari , Zuwa ga cutar da kuma kula da cututtuka na kullum. Shirye-shiryen Chf suna samarwa ko kula da kula da ke haifar da baka na baki da lafiyarsu, har ma da kulawa ta asibiti

## Paul Simon
A cikin 1985, Irwin Redlener ya shiga cikin kwamitin Amurka don Afirka kamar yadda Daraktan Likitocin kungiyar da mayakfirta da suka bayar, inda ya sadu da Paul Simon.  A cikin 1987, Redlener da Simon kafa Asusun kiwon lafiya na yara don samar da kulawar lafiya ga yara marasa gida a cikin Birnin New York City. 

A duk tsawon shekaru, Saminon ya riƙe Concerts da kuma abubuwan da suka amfana da ke tallafawa CHF [ kuma sun yi tafiya zuwa Washington, D.c., don yin magana da zababbun jami'ai a madadin Chf. 

## Hanyar sadarwa ta kasa
Cutar sadarwa ta kasar Chf ta kasa a cikin Arkansas;  Iziki, New York; Tennessee;  Mississippi Gulf Coast;  San Francisco, Quizona, Arizona; , D.C.  ] da yamma Virginia.

ChF yana da shirye-shiryen mai haɗin gwiwa biyu a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, da Montrose, Colorado. 

## Bayar da tanifiyya
ChF ta tallafawa kirkirar shirin Inshorar Inshorar Inshorar Kiwon Lafiya na Yara a 1997  ] Kuma yadda nassi na kariya mai haƙuri da aikin kulawa da haƙuri (Ppaca) a cikin 2010.  ]

## RUHU
ChF yana aiki tare da Cibiyar Aikin Kasa a Jami'ar Columbia  dom taimakawa daftarin da manyan masu bala'i a kan yara da al'ummomin da suke rayuwa. 

Tunda Hurricane Andrew, Asusun kiwon lafiya na Yara ya kunna wani shirin amsawar yara don taimakawa wajen samar da taimakon likita ga wadanda bala'in ya shafa. Chf ya fara wannan shirin bayan harin ta'addanci na 9/11 bayan guguwa Katrina a 2005; Bayan da guguwa katrina a cikin garin New York;

## Manazarta
Majalisar 'Yancin Yara

**Majalisar [[Haƙƙoƙin yara|'Yancin yara]]** (**CRC**) kungiya ce mai zaman kanta da aka sadaukar don taimakawa iyaye da saki sake aure, da suka rabuwa kuma ba su taɓa yin aure ba don ci gaba da aiki a rayuwar yaransu. Kungiyar tana mai da hankali kan kare hakkin yara don kula da iyaye, rigakafin cin zarafin yara da kuma warware rikice-rikice. CRC kuma tana gudanar da cibiyoyin samun damar iyaye inda yara zasu iya ciyar da lokaci mai kulawa tare da iyayensu marasa kulawa kuma inda canja wurin tsakanin iyaye zasu iya faruwa a cikin yanayin da ake saka idanu. David L Levy ne ya kafa kungiyar a shekarar 1985, kuma tana da hedikwatar a Landover, Maryland, a cikin babban birnin Washington, DC.

## Ayyuka
CRC tana haɓaka dokar da ke aiki don amfanar yara ta hanyar tarbiyyar yara. Neman garambawul na doka, ƙungiyar tana ba da shawarar tsare jiki na haɗin gwiwa. CRC kuma tana kula da Cibiyoyin Samun Yara 26 a cikin jihohi 11 daban-daban waɗanda ke ba da damar kulawa da ziyartar yara tare da zama amintaccen wurin canja wurin yaran da ke ƙaura daga hannun iyaye ɗaya zuwa wani&#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

Bugu da kari, CRC tana gudanar da bincike tare da mika shaida ga Majalisa dangane da jin dadin yara. Babban abin da ƙungiyar ta fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne rage cin zarafi na tunani, jiki da tattalin arziki, sakaci da damuwa na yara da haɓaka halayen haɗari bayan rabuwar dangantaka tsakanin rabuwa, saki, ko iyayen da ba su yi aure ba waɗanda ke da rikici sosai. A cikin 1995, Cynthia L. Ewing ta ba da shaida a matsayin Manazarcin Shari'a na CRC cewa ta ce waɗanda ke da mafi yawan iyalai "daidai" suna da, galibi, mafi girman matsayi na jin daɗin yara<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

## Manufofin
Don tallafawa wannan sadaukarwa ga yara, CRC ta kafa saiti na manufofi na zamantakewa bisa ga amfani da shirin na tsarin kusanci na Iyaye biyu don taimakawa iyaye masu rikici sosai su hada kai da kuma hada kai don amfanin 'ya'yansu bayan rabuwar iyali. An tsara shawarwarin CRC da manufofin shirye-shirye don cimma wadannan:

Mitigate the long-term damaging effects to children caused by divorce and relationship break-ups;
Reduce total children at risk from developing harmful and destructive behaviors;
Encourage non-custodial parents to remain emotionally & financially supportive of their child(ren);
Advocate increased opportunities for access to non-custodial parents; and
Decrease the nature, burden and expense of legal disputes and court interventions caused by persistent parental conflict.&#x5B;**&#x5D;
## Manazarta
Jerin gwamnonin mulkin mallaka na Togo

Wannan muƙalar ta lissafa **gwamnonin mulkin mallaka na [[Togo]]**. Ta ƙunshi lokacin da ƙasar ta kasance ƙarƙashin mulkin mallaka na Daular Jamus (kamar Togoland ), mamayewar soji na ƙasar ta ƙawancen  Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya (a lokacin Kamfen na Togoland na African theatre), da kuma lokacin da ta kasance wani yanki na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na Class B da yankin amincewar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Faransa (kamar yadda French Togoland) da Burtaniya Togoland.

## Jerin

### Jamus Togoland

### Mamaya na Jamus Togoland

### Faransa Togoland

Don ci gaba bayan samun 'yancin kai, *duba:* Jerin sunayen shugabannin Togo

### Birtaniya Togoland

Don ci gaba bayan samun 'yancin kai, *duba:* Jerin sunayen shugabannin Ghana

## Duba kuma

* Jerin sunayen shugabannin Togo
* Jerin sunayen Firayim Minista na Togo
* Tarihin Togo
* Siyasar Togo

## Manazarta
Dyrhólaey

**Dyrhólaey** (Fitar da Ibrananci: [], "ƙofar *tsibirin*"), wanda ma'aikatan jirgin Rayuwa suka sani da **Cape Portland**,  ƙaramin tudu ne da ke kan kudancin Iceland, ba da nisa da ƙauyen Vík.  A baya tsibiri ne na asalin dutsen wuta, wanda kuma aka sani da kalmar Icelandic eyja  ma'anar tsibirin. Dutsen ya fashe kimanin shekaru dubu 100 da suka gabata a lokacin Pleistocene. Yankin yana da tsawo na mita 120 (390 ,  kuma Dyrhólaey Lighthouse, wanda aka gina a 1927, yana zaune a saman tsarin da ke fuskantar teku. 

An fi tabbatar da cewa Dyrhólaey shine mafi kudancin Iceland, a zahiri, Kötlutangi (63 ° 23'N, 018 ° 45'W) a kan yashi zuwa gabashin Dyrhóley, shine mafi kudanci na Iceland. Surtsey, wani ɓangare na Tsibirin Westman shine mafi kudancin ƙasar Iceland. 

Ra'ayi daga Dyrhólaey yana da faɗi: A arewa za a ga babban dutsen kankara Mýrdalsjökull . A gabas, ginshiƙan baƙar fata na Reynisdrangar sun fito ne daga teku, kuma a yammacin duk bakin tekun a cikin jagorancin Selfoss yana bayyane - dangane da yanayin yanayi. A gaban tsibirin, akwai babban baƙar fata na laka da ke tsaye a cikin teku, wanda ya ba tsibirin sunansa (ma'ana: tsibirin dutsen ƙofa). 

Samun damar zuwa Dyrhólaey ta hanyar Hanyar sauyawa mai tsawo, wanda aka sake ginawa kuma aka shimfiɗa shi a cikin 2022. 

A lokacin rani, ana iya samun yawancin Atlantic puffins suna yin gida a kan dutsen Dyrhólaey.

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1993 matukin jirgi Arngrímur Jóhannsson da memba na majalisa Árni Johnsen sun zama na farko da ya tashi jirgin sama ta hanyar Dyrhólaey. Sun gudanar da wucewa uku ta amfani da jirgin Bellanca 7KCAB Citabria, rajistar TF-MBL.

## Manazarta
Pipher v. Parsell

***Pipher v. Parsell***  shari'ar ce da aka yanke hukunci a gaban Kotun Koli ta Delaware . Ya nuna cewa ana iya riƙe ƙarami zuwa matsayin kulawa na manya yayin da yake shiga cikin ayyukan haɗari kamar tuki.

## Gaskiya
Yayin da suke tafiya a 55 mph, Beisel ba zato ba tsammani ya kama motar motar motar, wanda ya haifar da karkatarwa nan da nan kuma mai haɗari daga hanyar su. Wannan aikin farko na karɓar iko da motar ya sami mamaki ga mazauna, duk da haka ba shine na ƙarshe ba. Duk da firgici na farko da dariya da ya biyo bayan abin da ya zama kamar wasa, yanayin ya kara tsanantawa. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci, Beisel, a cikin maimaita aikin da ta yi a baya, ta sake kama motar. A wannan lokacin, ayyukanta sun haifar da abin hawa ya juya daga hanya kuma ya sauka daga wani shinge, wanda ya haifar da haɗari da itace.

Wannan na biyu, mafi tsanani shiga tsakani da Beisel ya yi ya haifar da sakamako mai mahimmanci. Pipher, fasinja da ke zaune a tsakiya, ya sami rauni daga hadarin kuma daga baya ya fara shari'a a kan direban, Parsell. A cikin shaidarsa, Parsell ya ba da labarin jerin abubuwan da suka faru, yana jaddada yanayin da ba a tsammani na aikin farko na Beisel wanda ya haifar da motar ta juya kan kafada. Duk da misalin farko na tsangwama na Beisel, wanda ya sanya Parsell a cikin babban faɗakarwa, ya furta cewa bai tsammanin sake dawowar ayyukanta masu haɗari ba.

Lamarin, wanda aka nuna ta hanyar ayyukan da Beisel ya yi ba zato ba tsammani da kuma hadarin da ya biyo baya, ya jaddada haɗarin da ba a tsammani ba wanda ya haifar da takaddamar shari'a bayan raunin da Pipher ya samu. Wannan cikakken labarin ya kwatanta mawuyacin lokaci da yanke shawara waɗanda suka haifar da haɗarin zirga-zirga.

## Tsayawa
A cikin ra'ayi da Mai Shari'a Holland ya rubuta, kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa ya kamata a gabatar da shaidar mai shigar da kara ga juri saboda hadarin na iya kasancewa a gani.

"A gabaɗaya, inda ayyukan fasinja da ke haifar da haɗari ba a iya hango su ba, babu wani sakaci da za a iya danganta shi ga direban. Amma, lokacin da ayyukan fasinja wanda ke tsoma baki cikin aikin motar motar motar suna iya hangowa, gazawar hana irin wannan hali na iya zama keta aikin direban ga wasu fasinjoji ko ga jama'a. "A ƙarƙashin yanayin wannan shari'ar, juri mai ma'auni mai ma'ana zai iya samun cewa Parsell ya karya aikinsa don kare Pipher daga Beisel daga karɓar lokaci na biyu".
## Manazarta
Risto Isomäki

**Risto Isomäki** (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Yuni 1961 a Turku) marubucin Finnish ne na littattafan almara na kimiyya. Littafinsa na 2005 The Sands of Sarasvati (*Sarasvatin hiekkaa*) an zabi shi don Kyautar Finland a 2005 kuma ya lashe Kyautar Tähtivaeltaja a 2006.  Biyu daga cikin litattafansa, The Sands of Sarasvati (Into, 2013) da *Lithium-6* (AmazonCrossing, 2015) an buga su a Turanci, tare da wani labari mai hoto na The Sands de Sarasvati.

## Bayanan littattafai

* *Kuluta harkiten - .*
* *Kristalliruusu* (1991, tarin gajeren labari) 
* *Gilgamešin tappio* (1994, littafin) 
* Luvassa ya haɗa da: ilmastonmuutos ja sen 54hiftis (1996, Suomen Luonnonsuojeluliitto da Ympäristö ja estil ry) 
* Pimeän pilven scribe (1997, labari) 
* Puukirja: Yanayi da ke cikin mutanen da ke cikin muhalli (1997, Ympäristö) 
* *Paljasjalkavallankumous -__ssw____ssw____sw____ssw____sswa____sw__ .*
* *Herääminen* (2000, littafin) 
* *Shekarar 1929? : Vapaakauppa, työttömyys da kuma lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi* (2000, LIKE) 
* An yi amfani da shi a nan. Ympäristö ja estil Maan ystävät (2002, tare da Jaana Airaksinen da Anastasia Laitila).
* The Book of Trees (2004, Sauran Indiya Press) (tare da Maneka Gandhi). Fassarar Hindi: Ped Panchayat (2004) 
* *Sarasvatin hiekkaa* (2005, littafin), The Sands of Sarasvati (Into, 2013) 
* *Litium 6* (2007, littafin), *Lithium-6* (AmazonCrossing, 2015) 
* 34 ta hanyar Mawallo da Mawallo: järkevistä enjoyinista hullun tiedemiehen ratkaisuihin (2008, Tammi) 
* Ya yi amfani da shi a matsayin mai amfani da shi.
* Hanyoyi 64 don shan carbon da inganta yanayin duniya - Daga Zaɓuɓɓuka masu ma'ana zuwa Maganin Masanin Kimiyya (2009, A ciki) 
* Con rit (2011, labari) 
* *Kurganin varjot* (2014, littafi) 
* *Haudattu uhka* (2016, labari) 
* Viiden ya faru kansa (2018, labari) 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Yanke baki na jarirai

**Yankewar baki na jarirai** (IOM) hanya ce mai haɗari kuma wani lokacin mai haɗari da likitocin gargajiya ke yi a wurare da yawa na Afirka.

## Bayyanawa
Yawanci, iyaye na iya ɗaukar yaro mara lafiya zuwa ga mai warkarwa na gargajiya, wanda zai duba bakin yaron kuma ya danganta cutar ga "tsuntsaye na hakora". Mai warkarwa zai nuna ƙananan, fararen, ƙwayoyin hakora masu tasowa a matsayin "ƙwayoyin hakori", sannan ya haƙa "ƙwayoyi" daga cikin gums ba tare da anesthesia na gida ba kuma ta amfani da kayan aikin da ba na ƙwayoyin halitta ba (yawanci keken ƙarfe ya yi magana).  Hanyoyin canine galibi sune waɗanda aka nuna, saboda sun fi shahara. Ana nuna wa iyaye ƙwayoyin hakora da aka cire, ƙananan su, bayyanar madara da ta ɗan yi kama da tsutsotsi

## Hargitsi
Wannan aikin yana haifar da ciwo da wahala ga yaro wanda zai iya riga ya yi rashin lafiya (ko watakila hakora), kuma a wasu lokuta ana aiwatar da shi ga yaro mai lafiya don hana rashin lafiya a nan gaba. Hanyoyin rashin tsabta na iya haifar da cututtukan jini, tetanus, wucewa kan kwayar cutar kanjamau, kuma a wasu lokuta yana iya zama mai kisa. Hanyoyin hakora na dindindin na iya lalacewa don haka ya haifar da matsalolin hakora na rayuwa. Masu ba da kulawa da haƙori, musamman a waje da Afirka, bazai zama dole a sanye su da ilimi ko ƙwarewa don ganowa da sarrafa sakamakon wannan hanya ba. Bugu da ƙari, idan akwai rashin lafiya, yaron bazai sami kulawar likita da ake bukata ba. [yanawa da ake buƙata] &#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Yankin ƙasa
Akwai shaidar da aka buga game da IOM da ke faruwa a Chadi,  DR Congo, Habasha,  Kenya,  Rwanda,  Somaliya,  Sudan,  Tanzania  da Uganda. [5] An kuma lura da shi a cikin baƙi na Afirka da ke zaune a Faransa,  Isra'ila,  Amurka,  Australia,  Norway,  New Zealand  da Burtaniya [5] 

Ana samun nazarin wallafe-wallafen takardun da aka buga a sama tare da cikakkun nassoshi a kan layi.

## Manazarta
Arch na Cabo San Lucas

Gidan Cabo San Lucas wani dutse ne na musamman a kudancin Cabo San Lucas, wanda shi ne iyakar kudancin Yankin Baja California na Mexico. An san bakan a cikin gida da "El Arco," wanda ke nufin " bakan" a cikin Mutanen Espanya, ko "Ƙarshen Ƙasa". A nan ne Tekun Pacific ya zama Tekun California.

Ana amfani da wannan yanki sosai a tallace-tallace na otal a cikin Los Cabos Corridor. Wannan wuri sanannen wurin taruwa ne ga zakunan teku kuma masu yawon bude ido suna yawan zuwa. Arch of Cabo San Lucas yana kusa da Lovers Beach a gefen Tekun Cortez da Divorce Beach a gefin Tekun Pacific.

## Samun dama
Ana iya isa Arch ta ƙasa ko jirgin ruwa daga rairayin bakin teku na otal na ƙarshe a kan Pacific. Samun dama ga bakan yana buƙatar hawa manyan duwatsu. Shigar da bakan a cikin ƙaramin jirgin ruwa na iya zama mai haɗari lokacin da teku ke gudana. Matsayin ruwa na iya hawa da sauka sosai. Ba a ba da shawarar kasancewa kusa da bangarorin bakan ba.

## Ilimin ƙasa
Dutsen da ke cikin Los Cabos ya samo asali ne ta hanyar matakai masu rikitarwa c. shekaru miliyan 115 da suka gabata, a lokacin Cretaceous. Ginin yana da hawa uku kuma an kafa shi ne daga lalacewar halitta.

## Manazarta
Tsibirin Engetsu

Tsibirin Engetsu  shine sunan gama gari na Takashima (高 Tian), wani karamin tsibiri da ba a zaune ba a bakin tekun Shirahama, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan . An lura da shi don samun bakan halitta wanda aka kirkira ta hanyar tasirin lalacewa ta iska da raƙuman ruwa kuma an sanya shi a matsayin Wurin Kasa na Kyau.

Ɗaya daga cikin alamomin yankin Shirahama, tsibirin yana da kimanin mita 130 (430  daga arewa zuwa kudu da mita 35 (115  daga gabas zuwa yamma, kuma yana da matsakaicin tsawo na mita 25 (82 .  Ramin da ke da siffar wata (kogon teku) a tsakiyar tsibirin yana da diamita na mita tara kuma shine asalin sanannen sunan "Engetsu" (cikakken wata).  A lokacin bazara da kaka equinoxes, ana iya ganin faɗuwar rana ta hanyar rami a tsakiya.

Idan aka kwatanta da bakin rairayin bakin teku na Shirarahama da ke kusa, bayyanar ruwa ta fi girma a kusa da tsibirin kuma ana iya ganin nau'ikan kifi da yawa. Tsibirin yafi zama da sandstone kuma ya zama maras tabbas a tsawon lokaci. Tun watan Yulin shekara ta 2009, gwamnatin garin Shirahama ta yi gargadi game da kusantar tsibirin saboda hadarin rushewar bakan.

## Manazarta
Cin nasarar Tsibirin Canary

cin nasarar tsibirin Canary ta Crown of Castile ta faru ne tsakanin 1402 da 1496 a cikin lokutan biyu: Conquista señorial, wanda manyan Castilian suka gudanar don musayar alkawarin biyayya ga kambi, da Conquista realenga, wanda kambin Mutanen Espanya da kansa ya gudanar a lokacin mulkin Sarakunan Katolika. An bayyana shi a matsayin misali na farko na mulkin mallaka na Turai a Afirka.

## Gabatarwa
Dangantaka tsakanin Canaries da duniyar Bahar Rum wanda ya wanzu tun zamanin d ̄ a  an katse shi ta hanyar raguwa da faduwar Daular Romawa ta Yamma. Kodayake waɗannan alaƙa sun raunana, ba a yanke su gaba ɗaya ba, kuma warewar Canaries ba cikakke ba ne. A lokacin Tsakiyar Tsakiya, rahotanni na farko game da Canaries sun fito ne daga asalin Larabci, wanda ke nufin wasu tsibirai na Atlantic wanda watakila Canaries ne. Abin da ya bayyana a bayyane shi ne cewa wannan ilimin tsibirin bai nuna ƙarshen warewar al'adu na mazauna asali ba.

Ziyarar tsibirin ta fara ƙaruwa bayan ƙarshen karni na 13 saboda dalilai da suka haɗa da:

Faduwar tattalin arziki na wasu jihohin Turai, kamar Jamhuriyar Genoa, Crown of Aragon, Masarautar Castile, da Masarautar Portugal. Wadannan jihohin sun riga sun shiga cinikin teku a bakin tekun Maroko.

Ci gaban sabbin dabarun kewayawa (compass, astrolabe, stern rudder, cog-Caravel) da ci gaban zane-zane: taswirar portulan ta Angelino Dulcert na Majorca, daga 1339, ita ce ta farko da ta nuna wasu tsibirin Canary, kuma wannan kwanan wata na iya dacewa da tasirin sake gano tsibirin ta hanyar mai jirgin ruwa na Genoese Lanzarotto Malocello. Tafiyar farko don ziyartar dukkan tsibirai na tsibirin ta faru ne shekaru biyu bayan haka, a cikin 1341, a karkashin umurnin ɗan'uwan jirgin ruwa na Genoa da mai bincike Niccoloso da Recco, a cikin sabis ɗin kuma a madadin Sarkin Portugal Afonso IV.
Manufofin ra'ayi da siyasa: masarautun Kudancin Turai sun shiga wani lokaci mai girma. Game da masarautun Iberian, fadada yankunansu ta haifar da sake dawowa ("sake cin nasara") na kudancin Spain (al-Andalus). Saboda wannan dalili, fadada yankin ya wakilci karfafa ikon sarauta, wanda ke cike da ruhun mai yaƙi da na mishan.

Ziyarar farko da wani Turai ya kai tsibirin Canary tun zamanin d ̄ a ta hanyar kyaftin din Genoese Lanceloto Malocello ne wanda aka tsara a shekara ta 1312 (amma mai yiwuwa kadan daga baya, tsakanin 1318-1325).  Dalilin Malocello ba a bayyane yake ba - an yi imanin cewa yana iya neman alamun 'Yan uwan Vivaldi waɗanda suka ɓace daga Maroko, a kusa da Cape Non a cikin 1291. [lower-alpha 1] Malocello ya sauka (watakila jirgin ruwa ya rushe) a tsibirin Lanzarote, kuma ya kasance a can kusan shekaru ashirin. Malocello na iya ƙoƙarin kafa kansa a matsayin mai mulki a tsakanin mutanen asalin ƙasar kuma daga ƙarshe sun kore shi.
## Manazarta
Rashin tsaunuka

Rashin gangara shine wuri ko geomorphic wanda ke gangara a cikin wannan gefen, kuma sau da yawa ta wannan kusurwa, kamar yadda ainihin gangara ko Bayyanawa gangara na ƙananan sassan. Rashin gangara ya ƙunshi saman dutse mai tsayayya, wanda ake kira *Caprock*, wanda yawanci an rage shi kaɗan kuma an rage shi cikin tsayi ta hanyar rushewa. Tuddan da ke cikin tuddai sun samar da tuddai na cuestas, tuddai na homoclinal, Hogbacks, da flatirons. Yankin da ke gaba na irin waɗannan tuddai sun ƙunshi ko dai dutse, gangara mai tsawo, ko kuma watakila ma layin dutse. Gabaɗaya, cuestas da homoclinal ridges ba su da daidaituwa saboda gangaren su ba su da tsayi fiye da tsaunuka. A game da hogbacks da flatirons, nutsewar duwatsu tana da tsayi sosai cewa gangaren nutsewarsu yana kusa da tsaunuka a cikin tsayin su.

tuddai tsinkaye sune sakamakon bambancin rushewar ɓangarorin bambancin juriya ga rushewar da ke nutsewa daidai a cikin hanya ɗaya. A wannan yanayin, strata, watau shale, mudstone, da marl, waɗanda ba su da tsayayya da rushewa sun fi dacewa da rushewar dangi ga mafi ƙarfi, watau sandstone, limestone, da dolomite, waɗanda suka fi tsayayya ga rushewa. A sakamakon haka, ƙananan sassan da ba su da tsayayya za su lalace su bar sassan da suka fi tsayayya a matsayin caprock wanda ke samar da gangaren dip (baya) na tudun da ke gangara a cikin jagorancin caprock. Lokacin da wannan ya faru da gadaje masu laushi, ana samar da siffofi irin su tsaunuka, mesas, da buttes. Rushewar gadaje masu laushi zai samar da siffofi da ake kira cuestas, homoclinal ridges, hogbacks, da flatirons. Filayen, mesas, da buttes suna da saman shimfiɗa, yayin da cuestas da homoclinal ridges suna da asymmetrical (~ shimfiɗa) yankuna w / ridges. Yankin da ba shi da tsayi (a ƙasa) shine gangaren su (ƙetare 'ƙasa', kuma ya ɓace a ƙarƙashin ƙasa) kuma ɗayan gefen da ya fi tsayi (abasin haka, kuma a saman) shine tsaunuka. Idan akwai hogbacks, tsayin daka na gangaren ruwa da tsaunuka zai kasance kusan iri ɗaya. Hakanan za'a iya kafa gangaren Dip ta hanyar tsarin igneous kamar sills.  

## Rushewar ƙasa
Wasu tuddai masu saurin sauka suna da saurin rushewa, saboda tsinkaye da ke ƙarƙashin su. Manyan duwatsu suna da halin zamewa a gangaren ruwa.

## Manazarta
Yana da Pontàs

Es Pontàs ("babban gada" a cikin harshen Catalan) wata baka ce na halitta da aka yi da dutse a yankin kudu maso gabashin tsibirin Mallorca a Spain . Ginin yana kan iyakar bakin teku tsakanin Cala Santanyí da Cala Llombards a cikin garin Santanyí, kuma yana da kimanin mita 20 (66  a tsawo. Es Pontàs ana iya isa ne kawai ta jirgin ruwa ko ta hanyar iyo, kuma sanannen wuri ne na masu yawon bude ido zuwa Mallorca (musamman a fitowar rana da faɗuwar rana) waɗanda ke kallon shi daga 'Mirador Es Pontas'. 

## Yankin hawa
Har ila yau, baka shine wurin hawan hawan ruwa mai zurfi (DWS), da kuma hanyoyin farko a cikin littafin jagora daga kusan 2003 tare da Tsaya Duba da Saurari   da Treasure Island. An fi lura da yankin don hanyoyin DWS na Chris Sharma, musamman Pontax   a cikin 2005, da Es Pontas   a cikin 2006. [3] Es Pontàs ita ce hanya ta farko ta DWS a matakin  , kuma a lokacin da Sharma ya yi hawan farko, yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan hanyoyin hawan dutse a duniya a wannan matakin. An kama Sharma ta hawan Es Pontas a cikin fim ɗin 2007, King Lines.

## Manazarta
Tsarin tarayya na Ƙabilanci

**Tsarin tarayya na ƙabilanci** ko **na kasa da kasa**,  wani nau'i ne na tsarin tarayya wanda a cikinsa ake ba da ma'anar yankunan tarayya ko na jihohi ta hanyar kabilanci . An samar da tsarin tarayya na ƙabilanci a yunƙurin biyan buƙatun neman yancin cin gashin kan kabilanci da kuma gusar da rikicin ƙabilanci a cikin wata jiha. Ba koyaushe suke samun nasara akan hakan ba: Matsalolin da ke tattare da gine-gine da kuma kula da tarayyar ƙabilanci sun kai ga wasu jihohi ko ɓangarorin jaha ko dai sun wargaje, ko su koma ga mulkin kama-karya, ko kuma su koma ga kabilanci, wariyar launin fata, canjin al’umma, ƙaura daga cikin gida, kawar da ƙabilanci, da / ko ma hare- hare na kabilanci. 

Meles Zenawi ya aiwatar da wannan nau'in tarayya daga shekara ta alif ɗari tara da casain da huɗu 1994 zuwa shekara ta 2018 a Habasha . Meles Zenawi da gwamnatinsa sun amince da tsarin tarayya na kabilanci da nufin tabbatar da samun da tsaida daidaito tsakanin dukkanin kabilun kasar Habasha .  Hakanan an nuna fasalin tsarin tarayya na kabilanci a wasu ƙasashen ƙetare, ciki kuma har da Indiya, Nepal, Pakistan, Sudan ta Kudu, Yugoslavia, da Afirka ta Kudu - zamanin Apartheid (duba Bantustans ).
Jamus Gabashin Afirka

Jamus ta Gabashin Afirka (GEA; Jamusanci: Deutsch-Ostafrika) mulkin mallaka ne na Jamus a yankin manyan tabkuna na Afirka, wanda ya haɗa da Burundi a yau, Ruwanda, babban yankin Tanzaniya, da Triangle Kionga, ƙaramin yanki da aka haɗa cikin Mozambique. Yankin GEA ya kasance 994,996 km2 (384,170 sq mi), wanda ya kusan sau uku yankin Jamus na yau kuma kusan ninki biyu na babban birnin Jamus a lokacin.

An shirya mulkin mallaka ne lokacin da aka nemi sojojin Jamus a ƙarshen shekarun 1880 don kawo karshen tawaye game da ayyukan Kamfanin Jamus na Gabashin Afirka. Ya ƙare tare da shan kashi na Imperial Jamus a yakin duniya na farko. Daga ƙarshe an raba yankin tsakanin Burtaniya, Belgium da Portugal, kuma an sake tsara shi a matsayin umarnin League of Nations.
## Manazarta
Rashin biyayya mai hankali

**Rashin biyayya mai hankali** yana faruwa ne inda dabba mai hidima da aka horar don taimakawa mutum mai nakasa ya saba wa umarnin mai shi kai tsaye a kokarin yin yanke shawara mafi kyau. Wannan hali wani bangare ne na horar da kare kuma yana da mahimmanci ga nasarar dabba mai hidima a kan aikin. An yi amfani da manufar rashin biyayya mai hankali kuma wani bangare ne na horar da dabbobi tun aƙalla 1936.

## Misalan
Lokacin da makaho yake so ya haye titi kuma ya ba da umarni ga kare na taimako don yin hakan, ya kamata kare ya ƙi motsawa lokacin da irin wannan aikin zai sanya mutumin cikin hanyar cutarwa. Dabbar ta fahimci cewa wannan ya saba wa halayyar da aka koya don amsa umarnin mai shi: a maimakon haka yana yin wani zaɓi saboda ɗan adam ba ya cikin damar yanke shawara lafiya. Karn a wannan yanayin yana da ikon fahimtar cewa yana yin irin wannan aikin don jin daɗin mutum.

A wani misali, makaho dole ne ya yi magana da dabba ta hanyar da dabba za ta iya gane cewa mutumin yana sane da mahalli kuma zai iya ci gaba lafiya. Idan makaho yana so ya sauka daga matakala, dabba da aka horar da ita yadda ya kamata don nuna rashin biyayya mai basira za ta ƙi motsawa sai dai idan mutumin ya ba da takamaiman kalma ko umarni wanda ya sa dabba ta san cewa suna gab da sauka daga matakan. Wannan umarnin zai zama takamaiman ga matakala, kuma dabba ba za ta danganta shi da tsalle daga hanya ba ko sama a kan hanya ko tsalle. A cikin irin wannan yanayi, idan mutumin ya yi imanin cewa suna gaban wani mataki kuma suna so su sauka, amma a zahiri suna tsaye a gaban wani dutse mai haɗari (alal misali, tashar loading ko dutse), dabbar za ta ƙi ci gaba.

## Aikace-aikacen zuwa wasu fannoni
Ira Chaleff ya ba da shawarar a cikin littafinsa na 2015 Intelligent Disobedience: Doing Right When What You're Told to Do ba daidai ba ne [1] cewa rashin biyayya mai hankali yana da matsayi a wasu muhimman wurare. Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun misali shine kula da ma'aikatan jirgin, ko CRM, inda ake ƙarfafa ma'aikatan jirgi su kawo duk abin da ya zama abin tambaya game da umarni, ko ƙarin bayani, ga hankalin kyaftin din, yawanci da girmamawa da basira, amma idan yana da gaggawa, da ƙarfi, kamar yadda karnuka masu jagora ke yi. Ya buɗe littafin ta hanyar ambaton yadda ra'ayin ya zo masa lokacin da yake da mutumin da ke horar da kare mai jagora a ɗayan ɗalibansa. Baya ga CRM, ka'idar ta dace a kusan kowane bangare, kamar magani, injiniya, da kasuwanci.

Har ila yau, rashin biyayya mai hankali ya sami matsayinsa a cikin Ilimi na 'Yancin Yara wanda ke ba da kayan aiki waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen kiyaye yara daga lokuta masu raɗaɗi lokacin da hukumomi suka yi amfani da ikonsu. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan kayan aikin shine mnemonic *Blink!*  *Ka yi tunani! Zaɓin! Murya!*  [bayyanawa da ake buƙata] wanda ke aiki kamar yadda ake amfani da dabarar tsaro ta wuta mai sauƙi, sauka da mirgina da aka koya wa yara a yawancin ƙasashen da ke magana da Turanci. 

## Manazarta
Fano (Dakarun Sojoji)

**Fano** ƴan tsagera masu tada zaune tsayen Amhara ne na ƙabilanci kuma tsohuwar ƙungiyar bore. Ta shiga munanan tashe-tashen hankula a duk fadin kasar Habasha da sunan kawar da barazanar da ake gani ga al'ummar Amhara. Fano ya mamaye dukkanin runduna da ma'aikata da yawa na Sojojin Musamman na Yankin Amhara wadanda ba su shiga cikin Rundunar Tsaro ta Habasha (ENDF). Mayaƙan Fano dai sun sha fama da tashe-tashen hankula da ‘yan tawayen kabilar Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), da Oromo Liberation Army (OLA), da kuma ENDF. Haka kuma sun yi arangama da Dakarun Sojin Sudan (SAF) a kan iyakar kasar Habasha da Sudan. 

A lokacin yaƙin Tigray, Fano ya goyi bayan ENDF a kan 'yan tawayen da ke da alaka da kungiyar 'yan tawayen Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF).    Tun bayan ɓarkewar yaƙi a Amhara a watan Afrilun 2023, Fano ke yaƙar ENDF. Harkar a halin yanzu ta kunshi gungun 'yan tada ƙayar baya da dama waɗanda ke gudanar da ayyukan kansu, ba tare da hadin kai ba. An shirya waɗannan ƙungiyoyi a cikin gida, kowannensu yana da shugabansa a sassa daban-daban na yankin Amhara . 

## Manazarta
Yaki da Ƙin Yahudawa Tare

Yaki da Ƙin Yahudawa Tare(FAST) kungiya ce ta kare hakkin dan adam ta Kanada da aka kafa a shekara ta 200 5 wacce ta bayyana kanta a matsayin "hadin gwiwar wadanda ba Yahudawa ba ne na al'ummar Kanada da shugabannin kasuwanci da aka sadaukar don yin magana game da tsananin ƙiyayya ta bil'adama. "

Elizabeth and Tony Comp ne suka kirkira FAST, tsohon CEO kuma Shugaban kamfanmin BMO Financial. 

## Manazarta


## Haɗin waje

* Cibiyar Nazarin Kariya ta Kanada (CISA)
* *[http://www.chooseyourvoice.ca/ Zaɓi Muryarka]*
* ''Muryoyin da ke aiki''
Leopold na biyu na Belgium

**Leopold II**(9 ga Afrilu 1835 - 17 ga Disamba 1909) shi ne sarki na biyu na Belgium daga 1865 zuwa 1909, kuma wanda ya kafa kuma shi kaɗai ne mai mallakar Jihar Congo Free daga 1885 zuwa 1908.

## Farkon rayuwa
An haife shi a Brussels a matsayin ɗan Sarki Leopold I da Sarauniya Louise na biyu amma babba, Leopold ya gaji mahaifinsa zuwa kursiyin Belgium a 1865 kuma ya yi sarauta na shekaru 44 har zuwa mutuwarsa, mulkin da ya fi tsayi na masarautar Belgium har zuwa yau. Ya mutu ba tare da ya tsira da 'ya'ya maza na halal ba; Sarkin Belgium na yanzu, Philippe, ya fito ne daga dan uwansa kuma magajinsa, Albert I. An fi kiransa Sarkin Mai Gina a Belgium dangane da yawan gine-gine, ayyukan birane da ayyukan jama'a da ya ba da umarni.

## Mulki
Gwamnatin Leopold ta kasance mai cike da zalunci   a cikin Congo Free State, gami da tilasta aiki, azabtarwa, kisan kai, satar mutane, da yanke hannun maza, mata, da yara lokacin da ba a cika adadin roba ba. A daya daga cikin amfani da farko na kalmar, George Washington Williams ya bayyana ayyukan gwamnatin Leopold na Jihar Congo Free a matsayin "laifuka a kan bil'adama" a cikin 1890.  

## Manazarta
Yarjejeniyar 'yan asalin Asiya

**Yarjejeniyar Jama'ar Asalin Asiya** ( **AIPP** ) ƙungiya ce ta yanki da ƙungiyoyin ' yan asalin ƙasar suka kafa a shekarar 1992. AIPP tana haɓakawa da kare haƙƙin ɗan adam na 'yan asalin ƙasar, gami da haƙƙin filaye da haƙƙin al'adu .   AIPP tana da ƙungiyoyi 46 mambobi daga ƙasashe 14 a Asiya. Wasu mambobi suna mai da hankali kan haƙƙin mata ko matasa.  Membobin sun haɗa da Tarayyar 'Yan Asalin Nepal, Ƙungiyar 'Yan Asalin Jama'a ta Archipelago (AMAN), Majalisar Jama'ar Ainu, da Ƙungiyar 'Yan Asalin Naga don 'Yancin Dan Adam .

Yawancin gwamnatoci a Asiya sun rattaba hannu kan Sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Haƙƙoƙin 'Yan Asalin Ƙasa, kodayake ba a amince da mutanen asali a wasu ƙasashe inda AIPP ke da membobi ba, kamar Laos .  

AIPP tana da takardar shaidar amincewa da cibiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa, ciki har da Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Zamantakewa ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Sauyin Yanayi, Asusun Kore na Yanayi, Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Ƙungiyar Kadarorin Fasaha ta Duniya .  AIPP ta kuma yi aiki tare da FAO wajen gudanar da bincike. 

## Tarihi
Luingam Luithui yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa AIPP. Shi ne Sakatare Janar na farko na ƙungiyar na wa'adi biyu, daga 1992 zuwa 2000. 

## Wakilai daga yanki
Kudancin Asiya

* Nepal: Jagat Bahadur Baram daga Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen 'Yan Asalin Nepal (NEFIN)
* Mainland India: Mamta Kujur daga Adivasi Mahila Maha Sangh (AMMS)
* NE-India: Pankaj Teron daga Karbi Human Rights Watch (KHRW)
* Bangladesh: Chandra Tripura daga Ƙungiyar 'Yan Asalin Bangladesh (BIPF)
* Malaysia: Maslah Rompado daga kungiyar Indigenous People's'Network of Malaysia (JOAS)

Gabashin Asiya

* Taiwan: Su Hsin daga Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban 'Yan Asalin Papora (PIDA)

Yankin Mekong:

* Burma/Myanmar: Naw Ei Ei Min daga Promotion of Indigenous and Nature Together (POINT)
* Thailand: Nittaya Earkanna daga ƙungiyar mata ta asali ta Thailand (IWNT)

Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya

* Timor Leste: Ergilio Ferreira Vicente daga Cibiyar Matasa ta Covalima (CYC)
* Philippines: Beverly Longid daga Katribu Kalipunan ng Katutubong Mamamayan ng Pilipinas (KATRIBU)

## Manazarta
Kwamfuta ta hannu

**Kwamfuta ta wayar hannu** shine kwamfutar-huɗan-Mutune wanda ake tsammanin za a yi jigilar kwamfuta yayin amfani da ita kuma ta ba da damar watsa bayanai, wanda zai iya haɗa da watsa murya da bidiyo. Ƙididdigar wayar hannu ta ƙunshi sadarwar wayar hannu, kayan aikin hannu, da subtwe na wayar hannu. Abubuwan da suka shafi sadarwa sun haɗa da cibiyoyin sadarwa na zamani da hanyoyin sadarwa na zamani da kuma ƙaddarorin sadarwa, ka'idoji, tsarin jeren bayanai, da fasahohi. Hadwe ya haɗa da na'urorin hannu ko ababen na'urar. Subtwe na wayar hannu yana hulɗar da halaye da buƙatun aikace-aikacen wayar hannu.
Goedehoop dutse na halitta

Gidan dutse na Goedehoop wani yanki ne na al'adun lardin a MpumalangaErmelo a lardin Mpumalanga na Afirka ta Kudu . 

A shekara ta 1982 an bayyana shi a cikin Gazette na Gwamnati kamar haka

## Manazarta
Duckbill (tsarin dutse)

**Duckbill** wani dutse ne na dutse a yankin Cape Kiwanda, a jihar Oregon ta Amurka. Halitta ta kasance abin jan hankali na yawon bude ido da ake ɗauka akai-akai a kan Oregon Coast. Wani rukuni na matasa masu lalata da suka rushe dutsen ne suka lalata shi a ranar 29 ga watan Agusta, 2016.

Masu lalata sun ce sun lalata tsari a matsayin "hidimar jama'a" wanda ya kawar da abin da suka kira "haɗarin aminci" saboda abokinsu ya karya kafa a kan dutsen. Koyaya, Chris Havel, mataimakin darektan Ma'aikatar Wasanni da Wasanni ta Oregon, ya lura cewa an rufe tsarin kuma alamun sun gargadi baƙi game da kusantar da shi: "Ganuwar ta bayyana sosai; dole ne ku motsa wayoyin da gangan kuma ku yi tsalle ta hanyarsa. "  Babu wani daga cikin masu lalata da aka taɓa kamawa.

## Manazarta
Hazarchishma Halitta Bridge

Hazarchishma Natural Bridge (Persian) wata gada ce ta halitta da ke tsakiyar Afghanistan, kuma gada ce ta 12 mafi girma a duniya. Ginin ya kai mita 64.2 (211.0 feet) a fadin tushe, kuma tsayinsa yana da mita 3,100 (10,000 feet) sama da matakin teku, yana mai da shi ɗaya daga cikin manyan gadoji na halitta a duniya.

Ginin yana cikin tsaunukan Hindu Kush kuma kusan kilomita 100 a arewacin Band-e Amir,  tarin tabkuna masu zurfi guda shida da aka raba ta hanyar madatsar ruwa da aka yi da travertine, a gefen arewacin Lardin Bamiyan a Afghanistan. An gano gadar halitta ta Hazarchishma a ƙarshen 2010 ta hanyar ma'aikatan Wildlife Conservation Society.

Har ila yau, gida ne ga ibex da tumakin daji na Ural..

## Manazarta
Icononzo

**Icononzo** (pronunciation na Mutanen Espanya: []) wata karamar hukuma ce da ke cikin Sashen Tolima a Colombia .

## Yanayi
Matsakaicin zafin jiki shine 21o C

## Tarihi
A cikin 1875, Don Vicente Reyes Daza ya gaji al'ummar Guamitos. &#x5B; &#x5D;

A lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma a shekara ta 1888, Adrian Lords Escobar, Guillermo Quijano, Alberto Williamson da sauransu sun isa kuma suka kirkiro wata karamar al'umma a kan hanyar da ke kaiwa Guamitos. Ta Dokar No. 3 na Yuli 16, 1888, an kafa ta a matsayin "Corregimiento Icononzo". &#x5B;&#x5D;

A shekara ta 1892, Reyes Daza da Williamson sun fara taron Kanada da Scotland. Ayyukan ma'aikata a yankin sun kara muni saboda karancin gidaje. Wannan halin da ake ciki ya sa masu mallakar ranch su ba da gudummawar ƙasa don magance matsalar, fara gina sabbin gidaje 17. Wannan ya haifar da kafa sabon gari, wanda, saboda karuwar dukiyarsu da ci gaba, an inganta shi zuwa karamar hukuma ta hanyar Dokar No. 1915 na Afrilu 21, bayan an mayar da shi zuwa sashen Tolima a yankuna a ƙarƙashin ikon Cundinamarca.

An san Icononzo da gada ta halitta a kan wani zurfi mai zurfi da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin Rikicin-rikicen farar hula da aka sani da La Violencia bayan Bogotazo . Mai zane na Italiya Gerolamo Fumagalli ne ya zana bakan a karni na 19. 

A shekara ta 1989, garin Atlantis, wanda Jenny James ta kafa a Burtonport, Ireland, ya koma kusa da Icononzo.

## Manazarta
Triodetic dome

Triodetic dome wani nau'i ne na geodesic dome wanda aka gina sararin samaniya ta amfani da haɗin Triodetic, wanda ɗan Kanada Arthur E. Fentiman ya kirkira a shekarar 1955.

## Tarihi

An kirkiro masu haɗa Triodetic a cikin 1955 ta hanyar Kanada Arthur E. Fentiman (1918-93), kuma an ba da izini a cikin 1958.  Dan uwan A. E. Fentiman, Harold Gordon ("Bud") Fentiman (1921-86) ne ya ci gaba da inganta tsarin kuma yana cikin amfani da kasuwanci a shekara ta 1960. An kafa Triodetic Structures Ltd a 1962 don tallata tsarin; dangin Fentiman sun sayar da kamfanin a 1977.

## Bayyanawa
Mahaɗan ya ƙunshi cibiya, yawanci na aluminium, tare da ramuka har zuwa goma sha biyu waɗanda za'a iya shigar da bututu (membobin axial).  An daidaita taron ta hanyar tsakiya tare da mai wanki (ta tsakiyar cibiya).  Ana amfani da shi gabaɗaya tare da bututun aluminum, amma an ƙaddamar da bakin karfe a cikin 1966.  Bututun ba sa buƙatar bolting ko walda tare.   Ba sa buƙatar ƙuƙwalwa ko walda tare,   kuma waɗanda ba ƙwararru ba za su iya haɗa firam ɗin ta amfani da kayan aiki na asali.

Hanyoyi daban-daban ban da dome suna yiwuwa, gami da ganga vaults, pyramids da hyperbolic paraboloids. Aikace-aikacen kwanan nan na tsarin sun haɗa da tushe don gini, wanda zai iya aiki a kan permafrost.

## Misalan tsarin [https://triodetic.com/architectural-design/ Triodetic]
Dalar Duniya na Platten

**Dala na duniya na Platten** (    ko     pyramids ne na duniya da ke Platten a cikin gundumar Percha, kusa da Bruneck a Kudancin Tyrol, Italiya .

Yankin rushewar yana da tsawo na mita 1550 zuwa 1750. Abin da ke da ban sha'awa game da pyramids na Platten shine halayensu wanda ke tunatar da su a lokaci guda kuma game da raunin su.

Pyramids na Platten na cikin kyawawan abubuwan tunawa na Kudancin Tyrol kamar pyramids na duniya na Ritten da kuma wani ɓangare na pyramids na duniya na Kudancin Tyrol.

Karl Meusburger ne ya bayyana su a hanyar kimiyya a karo na farko a shekara ta 1914. 

## Tarihi
Bayan fashewar girgije, 'yan ƙarni da suka gabata, an sami rushewar ƙasa wanda ya yanke hanyoyin da ke haɗa ƙauyuka a kewayen Aschbach.

A cikin 1882, kuma bayan babban girgije, an kafa sabon kuskure. Bayan eluviations da erosions wadannan pyramids na duniya suna canzawa koyaushe; wannan saboda jerin matsanancin sanyi a cikin hunturu da lokacin zafi wanda ke da tasirin ci gaba da samar da sababbin.

## Zuwa can da kuma Hanyar tafiya

Daga babbar hanyar muna hanawa a Percha / Percia kuma muna tuka ƙasa da kilomita 6 zuwa Oberwielenbach kuma bayan shi zuwa babban wurin ajiye motoci. Wannan hanyar ta ci gaba zuwa ƙauyen Platten, amma kafin ta kai ta, wata ƙanƙanin hanyar dutse ta juya zuwa hagu, tana kan hanyar zuwa Gönner Alm (gidan kiwo na alpine). A kan hanyar akwai rubutun cewa wannan hanyar dutse tana kaiwa zuwa ga pyramids, amma an rufe shi don zirga-zirgar jama'a (2017). Don haka, ya fi kyau a fara tafiya zuwa pyramids kafin, a kan babban wurin ajiye motoci, 1430 m, ko kuma daga baya, daga Platten.&nbsp;

Daga babban wurin ajiye motoci, 1430 m, hanya mai kyau, mai alama ta hau cikin dazuzzuka. Da farko yana hawa kadan, sannan yana ƙetare gangaren zuwa dama. Lokacin da muka kai daga cikin dazuzzuka, muka buga hanyar dutse da aka ambata a baya, muna bin hanyar kawai zuwa babban gefen hagu. Daga can mun sake shiga cikin gandun daji kuma a cikin 'yan mintoci kaɗan mun isa babban kwarin tare da pyramids. Kimanin minti 30 har zuwa nan.

Don dawowa, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da hanyar kusanci, koda kuwa mun sauka tare da kwarin zuwa ƙananan wurin kallo. Daga can hanyar ta kara sauka, amma tana sauka fiye da yadda ake buƙata kuma tana sa dawowa ta ɗan fi tsayi.

## Manazarta
Jaridar Shari'ar Dan Adam ta Afirka

Jaridar Shari'ar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Afirka ta wallafa gudummawar da An sake dubawa game da batutuwan da suka shafi haƙƙin ɗan adam na dacewa da Afirka, 'yan Afirka, da malaman Afirka. Jaridar ta bayyana sau biyu a shekara, a watan Maris da Oktoba.