Bayanan Duniya na Duniya na Duniya

The International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (**ICOADS**) wani Bayanan bayanai ne na dijital na abubuwan lura da yanayi miliyan 261 da jiragen ruwa, jiragen ruwa, da kuma yanayin yanayi suka hada da shekaru 1662 zuwa 2007. An fara gina bayanan ne a shekarar 1985 kuma ana ci gaba da fadada shi kuma ana sabunta shi akai-akai. Daga bayanan asali, an halicci bayanan da aka tsara. Bayanan ICOADS sun kasance da amfani wajen tantance amincin ma'aunin jirgin ruwa da iska, taimakawa wajen tantance yanayin zafin jiki a filin zafin jiki na teku, da kuma sabunta bayanan guguwar Atlantic.&nbsp;

## Tarihi
Da farko a cikin 1981, an fara gina cikakken bayanan Ocean-Atmosphere (COADS) a cikin Amurka. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1985, an kirkiro sigar farko ta wannan bayanan, gami da rahotanni miliyan 70 da suka shafi shekarun 1854 zuwa 1979. Takardar COADS ta farko, mai taken "A Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set",  an buga ta a cikin 1987 a cikin Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society . Scott D. Woodruff, Ralph J. Slutz, Roy L. Jenne, da Peter M. Steurer ne suka rubuta shi. Kowace shekara bayan haka, an kara bayanan kwanan nan a cikin bayanan don fadada tsawonsa zuwa yanzu. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1996, an kirkiro bayanan farko, ta amfani da digiri daya na latitude ta digiri daya na tsawon lokaci na shekarun 1960 zuwa 1993. A watan Nuwamba mai zuwa, an sake su kuma an tsawaita su don rufe shekaru har zuwa 1995. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1999, an kara su zuwa shekara ta 1997. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2002, an kirkiro digiri biyu a kowane wata na shekarun 1800 zuwa 1949, kuma don nuna godiya ga shigarwa daga wasu ƙasashe Ƙasar Ingila da Jamus,  an sake sunan bayanan ICOADS .   A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2000, an tsawaita bayanan zuwa shekara ta 1784. A watan Satumbar 2002, wannan bayanan ya zama samuwa ta hanyar Intanet. A ƙarshen shekara ta 2005, an ƙara bayanai daga buoys na yanayi a cikin bayanan. A watan Yulin shekara ta 2009, an tsawaita bayanan zuwa shekara ta 1662. An fara sabunta bayanai don haɗawa da abubuwan lura na baya-bayan nan kowane wata. Bayan sauye-sauyen tsari zuwa BUFR a kan Tsarin Sadarwar Duniya (GTS)  a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ICOADS ta fara fassara abubuwan lura na BUFR na kusa da ainihin lokacin da kuma haɗa su da tsarin Alphanumeric Code (TAC) na gargajiya don sabon sigar kusan ainihin lokacin a cikin 2022. Adadin abubuwan lura a cikin bayanan yanzu ya kai miliyan 261.

## Bayanan da ake da su
ICOADS yana da bayanai iri-iri na yanayin ruwa a ciki, kamar zafin iska, zafin teku, iska, matsin lamba, danshi, da girgije. Bayanai a cikin lokacin daga 1662 zuwa farkon 1800s a cikin ƙarancin gaske, yayin da tafiye-tafiye na jirgin ruwa ya rufe ƙananan yankuna na duniya a waɗannan kwanakin.

## Bincike mai alaƙa
Dangane da bayanai daga ICOADS, rahotanni na iska daga tashar yanayi da aka rataye an ƙaddara su da ƙaramin kuskure fiye da waɗanda ke cikin jiragen ruwa. Amfani da iskõki da matsin lamba daga lura da teku a cikin ICOADS ya haifar da ingantaccen bayanan guguwar Atlantic a matsayin wani ɓangare na sake nazarin Guguwar Arewacin Atlantic. An yi amfani da bayanan zafin jiki na teku daga ICOADS don gano yanayin karni na 20 a cikin wannan filin. Binciken yanayi na duniya na shekarun da suka gabata sun yi amfani da bayanan a cikin ICOADS.

## Dubi kuma

* Tsarin sararin samaniya sake ginawa a duniya

## Manazarta