143rd Airlift Squadron

Ƙungiyar jirgin  **143rd Airlift Squadron (143 AS)** ƙungiya ce ta 143rd Airlift Wing, Rhode Island Air National Guard (RI ANG) dake Quonset Point Air National Guard Station, Rhode Island. 143rd sanye take da Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules .

Rundunar ta fito ne daga Squadron Observation na 152, wanda aka kafa a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta 1939. Yana daya daga cikin 29 na asali National Guard Observation Squadrons na Amurka Army National Guard da aka kafa kafin yakin duniya na biyu .

## Tarihi
Asalin 143rd Airlift Squadron ya fara ne a 1915 lokacin da mazaunan Rhode Island suka haɗu tare a cikin ruhun gaskiya na ɗan ƙasa-soja don siyan jirage biyu na Curtis Model "F" Flying Boats, ɗaya daga cikinsu an sanya shi ga Rhode Island National Guard. Rikicin kan iyaka a Mexico da shigar Amurka cikin Yaƙin Duniya na farko ya hana amfani da yawa, kuma a cikin 1919 an sayar da jirgin sama na National Guard, wanda yanzu ya zama tsohon yayi, a matsayin raguwa.

### Yaƙin Duniya na II
A cikin 1939 Shugaba Roosevelt ya kara matakan shirya Sojojin don shiga Amurka a yakin duniya na biyu. Jihar Rhode Island an ba ta daya daga cikin sabbin ƙungiyoyi biyu da Majalisa ta ba da izini a wannan shekarar. A ranar 21 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1939 an shirya Squadron Observation na 152. Kasa da shekara guda bayan haka, a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba 1940 an kafa shi don fadada aiki. Horarwar ta biya. Bayan shigar Amurka cikin yakin duniya na biyu, Squadron na 152 nan da nan ya ɗauki aikinsa na farko na sintiri na yaki da jirgin ruwa a kan hanyoyin sufuri na Arewa maso gabas. A watan Satumbar 1944 ƙungiyar, yanzu ana kiranta 37th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron, an canja ta zuwa ƙasashen waje. An sanya su a cikin rundunar sojan sama ta goma sha biyar, matukan jirgi sun tashi a ayyukan Photo Reconnaissance a arewacin Italiya, kudancin Jamus da Balkans har zuwa Yuni 1945, bayan ƙarshen yaƙin a Turai a ranar 8 ga Mayu 1945.

### Rhode Island Air National Guard
An sake farfado da Squadron na 37 na Binciken Hotuna na lokacin yaƙi kuma an sake sanya shi a matsayin Squadron Fighter na 152, kuma an ba da shi ga Rhode Island Air National Guard (RI ANG), a ranar 24 ga Mayu 1946. An shirya shi a Filin jirgin saman T. F. Green Municipal, Warwick, Rhode Island kuma an ba da izinin tarayya a 152nd Fighter-Bomber Squadron a matsayin 152nd Fighters-Bommer Squadron ta Ofishin Tsaro na Kasa. Rundunar Fighter-Bomber Squadron ta 152 ta cancanci tarihi, girmamawa, da launuka na 37. An sanye da ƙungiyar tare da F-47 Thunderbolts kuma an sanya su ga rundunar sojan sama ta Continental Air Command First Air Force.

#### Tsaron iska

A shekara ta 1952 an sauya 152 zuwa Air Defense Command, an ba da aikin kare iska don Rhode Island, gabashin Long Island da kuma kusanci da Atlantic na Birnin New York. Don cimma wannan, an sanye da rukunin da F-51D Mustangs masu nisa. A cikin 1956 Sojojin Sama, a cikin ƙoƙari na haɓaka zuwa rundunar mayakan jet, sun buƙaci rundunonin Air National Guard Aerospace Defense don haɓaka zuwa jirgin sama mai amfani da jet. Hukumar Filin jirgin saman Rhode Island da hukumomin tsaron kasa sun sami kansu cikin rikici game da amfani da Filin jirgin sama na T.F. Green don ayyukan jirgin sama. Da yake ba za su iya warware waɗannan bambance-bambance ba, Sojojin Sama sun dakatar da ƙungiyar kuma Ofishin Tsaro na Kasa ya sauya Squadron Fighter Interceptor na 152 zuwa Arizona Air National Guard.

Koyaya, sha'awar Ofishin Tsaro na Kasa na samun rukunin jirgin sama na Air National Guard a kowace jiha ya kawo sabon manufa da ƙididdigar lambobi ga Rhode Island Air National Guard, 143rd Air Resupply Squadron ta amfani da jirgin sama mai sarrafawa. An ba da Squadron Air Resupply Squadron na 143 da tarihin Rhode Island ANG 152nd Fighter Interceptor Squadron. FIS na 152 , yanzu wani ɓangare na Arizona Air National Guard, an ba shi amincewar tarayya a matsayin sabuwar ƙungiya, ba tare da tarihi ko haɗin asali ga aikin da ya gabata na ƙungiyar tare da RI ANG ba.

#### Ayyuka na Musamman
An sanya Squadron Air Resupply na 143 ga Hukumar Sufurin Jirgin Sama ta Soja. An sanya shi a lokacin a matsayin "Psychological Warfare" (PSYWAR) wanda ke tallafawa yakin basasa na USAF (yaƙin 'yan tawaye), aiki kai tsaye (raids-type), bincike na dabarun (tattara bayanai), da ayyukan PSYWAR. An sanya rukunin jirgin ruwa na Grumman SA-16 Albatross kuma na ɗan gajeren lokaci ya riƙe Douglas C-47 Skytrain. Akwai ƙananan canje-canje na aikin manufa da yawa, kuma C-47 ya maye gurbin Curtiss C-46 Commando.

A cikin 1963 babban canjin manufa na farko na 143 ya faru. Yanayi a duniya ya haifar da buƙatar raka'a na musamman wanda zai iya saka ƙaramin rukuni na dakarun yaƙi da aka horar a ƙasa ko teku a ko'ina a sanarwa ta lokaci. An sanya 143rd a matsayin daya daga cikin wakilan National Guard a cikin Air Force's Air Commando Group tsarin. An maye gurbin C-46 da Helio U-10A da U-10D Couriers. A cikin shekaru uku da suka fara a shekarar 1965, an mayar da U-10s na 143rd da sauran Air National Guard zuwa Air Force don amfani a Kudancin Vietnam, a lokacin da aka maye gurbin "Helio" da DeHavilland U-6 "Beavers".

A cikin 1968 U-10s sun dawo daga yawon shakatawa na aikinsu a Kudancin Vietnam, kuma a ranar 1 ga Yuli, an ba da izinin Rhode Island Air National Guard 143rd Special Operations Squadron don fadada zuwa matakin rukuni. Ofishin Tsaro na Kasa ne ya kafa Kungiyar Ayyuka ta Musamman ta 143 tare da 143rd SOS ya zama ƙungiyar jirgin sama ta ƙungiyar. Sauran ƙungiyoyin da aka sanya a cikin rukuni sune Hedikwatar 143, Squadron Material na 143 (Maintenance), Squadron Tallafin Yaki na 143rd, da kuma Dispensary na 143 na USAF.

Grumman SA-16 "Albatross" wanda matukan jirgi na 143 suka tashi tun 1955 an maye gurbinsa a 1968 tare da sabuntawa na "Albatros", HU-16. Tare da sau biyu damar kaya da kewayon, HU-16 ya buɗe sabbin hanyoyin dama kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin 1970. Ma'aikatan jirgin sama da ƙasa na 143 sun taimaka wa masana kimiyya da injiniyoyi na Cibiyar Tsarin Ruwa ta Ruwa, suna gudanar da nazarin ilimin ruwa na karkashin ruwa, a Tafkin Tanganyika a Afirka a watan Afrilu kuma a watan Agusta a Hudson Bay, Kanada.

Rukunin zai yi aiki a fagen Ayyuka na Musamman na tsawon shekaru bakwai, a lokacin da aka yi ritaya da jirgin saman HU-16 a 1972 kuma aka maye gurbinsa da Fairchild C-119G / L "Flying Boxcars".

#### Jirgin sama na dabara
A cikin 1975 a matsayin wani ɓangare na babban shirin don inganta rukunin Air National Guard an sake sanya 143rd a matsayin Tactical Airlift Group kuma an sanya jirgin sama na Lockheed C-130A Hercules. A cikin 1980 143rd Tactical Airlift Group ya ƙaura daga filin jirgin sama na T.F. Green zuwa sabon gidansa a Quonset Air National Guard Base.

A matsayin masu ɗaukar iska na duniya, an sami Rhode Island "Herks" a duk sassan Amurka, Turai, Afirka, Kudancin Amurka da Caribbean. 143rd ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin turawa kamar Volant Oak, Volant Pine, Red Flag, Dragon Hammer, Volant Rodeo gasa da kuma kokarin jin kai kamar "Operation Toy Lift" wanda ya ba da kayan wasa ga yara na Granada a 1986. A shekara ta 1989, an zaɓi na 143 don juyawa zuwa C-130E Model.

A cikin 1990 masu sa kai na ƙungiyar sun ba da tallafi a lokacin Operation Desert Shield . A watan Satumba, mambobin ƙungiyar sun tashi daga Rhein-Main Air Base, Jamus don tallafawa ayyukan aiki daga Turkiyya da Saudi Arabia. Rukunin na biyu na masu sa kai sun isa RAF Mildenhall, Ingila a watan Janairun 1991 kuma suna cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo lokacin da Operation Desert Shield ya juya zuwa Operation Desert Storm . Tare da shan kashi na sojojin Iraki da ƙarshen Yakin Gulf, membobin sun koma gida a watan Yunin 1991 kuma an sake su daga aiki.

A matsayin wani ɓangare na Air Mobility Command an ci gaba da kiran rukunin don tallafawa ayyukan Jiha, Tarayya, da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UN) a duk duniya. Masu sa kai daga 143rd sun shiga cikin ayyukan agaji da yawa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya; Somalia a cikin 1992, Operation Provide Promise a cikin 1993 suna tashi da hasken rana zuwa Sarajevo tare da saukar da iska na dare a kan yankuna masu nisa na Bosnia-Herzegovina.

A ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1995 an ɗaga kungiyar zuwa matsayin Wing. A cikin 1998 Sojojin Sama sun kafa Sojojin Jirgin Sama (AEF); ƙananan "makamai" masu yaƙi da sauri don amsa rikice-rikicen yanki. Wing ya shiga cikin zagaye biyar na AEF, yana tallafawa Operation Joint Forge a cikin Balkans, Operation Southern Watch a Kudu maso Yammacin Asiya da Coronet Oak a Kudancin Amurka.

#### Karni na ashirin da daya
A ranar 11 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 2001, 143 ta sake amsa kiran, ta tura mambobin ƙungiyar zuwa Ground Zero, zuwa sansanonin Amurka don tsaron gida kuma ta aiwatar da ayyukan awa 24 a Quonset. Rundunar ta goyi bayan Yakin a Afghanistan (2001-2021) da Yaƙi a Iraki ta hanyar jigilar sojoji da kayayyaki daga Amurka zuwa Gabas ta Tsakiya da kuma motsa dakarun a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo. 143rd AW ya samar da jirgin sama na farko na C-130J a cikin rawar da Sojojin Sama na Amurka suka taka a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2004 kuma ya ci gaba da tallafawa kokarin yaki tare da C-130E da C-130) J har sai ya yi ritaya daga C-130e a shekara ta 2005. 143rd AW kuma ya samar kuma ya ci gaba da samar da goyon bayan dakarun da ake buƙata sosai a cikin Kudu maso Yammacin Asiya da sauran yankuna da yawa na duniya.

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2001, 143rd ta karbi C-130J-30 na farko. Wing ya zama na farko a cikin Sojojin Sama don karɓar sigar "stretch" na samfurin "J". A matsayin mafi kyawun jirgin sama na zamani a duniya, C-130J-30 na iya ɗaukar kaya ko ma'aikata da yawa, da sauri, da kuma tattalin arziki fiye da C-130E wanda ke tabbatar da karuwar ƙarfin jirgin sama. An kammala rundunar jiragen ruwa na 143 tare da isowar samfurin J na takwas a Quonset a ranar 15 ga Yuni 2007.

### Halin zuriya

* An sanya shi 152nd Observation Squadron, kuma an sanya shi zuwa Rhode Island NG, a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta 1939

: An kunna shi a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1939.
: An ba da umarnin yin aiki a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba 1940
: An sake sanya shi: **152nd Observation Squadron (Medium) ** a ranar 13 ga Janairun 1942
: An sake sanya shi: 152nd Observation Squadron a ranar 4 ga Yuli 1942
: An sake sanya shi: **152nd Reconnaissance Squadron (Bombardment) ** a ranar 2 ga Afrilu 1943
: An sake sanya shi: **152nd Reconnaissance Squadron (Fighter) ** a ranar 15 ga Yuni 1943
: An sake sanya shi: **152nd Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron** a ranar 11 ga watan Agusta 1943
: An sake sanya shi: 37th Photographic Mapping Squadron a ranar 9 ga Oktoba 1943
: An sake sanya shi: **37th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron** a ranar 29 ga Maris 1944
: An dakatar da shi a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba 1945

## Bayanan da aka ambata