Yanke siyasa a cikin al'adun Byzantine

Yankewa hanya ce ta yau da kullun don azabtarwa da masu laifi a Daular Byzantine, amma kuma tana da rawar da ta taka a Rayuwar siyasa ta daular. Ta hanyar makantawa da abokin hamayyarsa, mutum ba kawai zai hana motsi ba har ma ya sa ya zama kusan ba zai yiwu ba a gare shi ya jagoranci sojoji zuwa yaƙi, to kuma wani muhimmin bangare na karɓar iko da daular. An kuma yi amfani da Castration don kawar da masu iya zama abokan adawar. A cikin Daular Byzantine, don mutum ya zama castrated yana nufin cewa ba shi da mutum - rabin-mutuwa, "rayuwa da ta kasance rabin mutuwa".  Castration kuma ya kawar da duk wata dama da za a haifi magada don yin barazana ga ko dai sarki ko kuma 'ya'yan sarki a kursiyin. Sauran yankan sun kasance yanke hanci (rhinotomy), ko yanke gaɓoɓin.

## Dalilin da ya sa aka yi amfani da shi
An yi la'akari da yankan abokan hamayyar siyasa da sarki ya yi a matsayin hanya mai tasiri ta hanyar bangaranci daga layin magajin mutumin da ake gani a matsayin barazana. Ba a ganin mutanen da aka jefar da su a matsayin barazana, domin komai yawan ikon da suka samu ba za su taba samun sarauta ba, kuma an ba wa manyan eunuchs amana da manyan ofisoshi na sirri a cikin kotuna da mulki na Byzantine . A cikin al'adar Byzantine, sarki yana nuna ikon sama . Tun da Allah kamili ne, sarki ma dole ne ya zama marar aibi; duk wani kaciya, musamman raunukan fuska, zai hana mutum ya hau karagar mulki.  Banda shi ne Justinian II (ὁ Ῥινότμητος, "the slit-nosed"), wanda aka yanke masa hanci lokacin da aka hambarar da shi a 695 amma ya sake zama sarki a 705. 

## Tarihi
Makaho a matsayin horo ga abokan hamayyar siyasa da kuma sanannen hukunci don cin amana an kafa shi a cikin 705, kodayake Phocas (r. 602-610) ya yi amfani da shi a baya a lokacin mulkinsa, ya zama al'ada daga Heraclius (r. 610-641) zuwa gaba. Castration a matsayin horo ga abokan hamayyar siyasa ba su fara amfani da su ba har sai da yawa daga baya, sun zama sananne a ƙarni na 10 da 11. Misali shine na Basil Lekapenos, ɗan banza na Sarkin sarakuna Romanos I Lekapenos. Ya sami isasshen iko ya zama *parakoimomenos* kuma ya zama Firayim Minista mai tasiri ga sarakuna uku da suka biyo baya, amma bai iya ɗaukar kursiyin da kansa ba.

## Abubuwan da suka faru na lalacewa
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|1295
|Blinded
|Governor of the Thracesian Theme, he rose up against Andronikos II Palaiologos, but was captured by loyalist soldiers and blinded
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|-
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|743
|Blinded
|For supporting Artabasdos's usurpation against Constantine V he was blinded
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|-
|
|743
|Blinded
|Artabasdos and his sons Nikephoros and Niketas were blinded for his failed insurrection against Constantine V during the iconoclasm crisis
|
|-
|Sisinnios
|743
|Blinded
|*Strategos* of the Thracesians, he supported Constantine V against Artabasdos but was blinded after the former's victory due to suspicions of conspiring to seize the throne himself
|
|-
|Antiochos, David, Theophylact of Iconium, Christopher, Constantine, Theophylact the *kandidatos*, and 11 others
|766
|Blinded
|High-ranking provincial governors and court officials, members of a group of nineteen who conspired against Constantine V. The plot was discovered and its members publicly paraded at the Hippodrome on 25 August 766. The two ringleaders, brothers Constantine and Strategios Podopagouros, were executed, the rest blinded and exiled, and every year imperial agents were sent to deliver 100 lashes.
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|-
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|637
|
|Amputation carried out after he tried to overthrow his father, Heraclius; his co-conspirator Theodore who received the same punishment was exiled and also had one leg amputated.
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|-
|
|803/804
|Blinded
|Led an unsuccessful revolt against Nikephoros I and surrendered. Blinded whilst in confinement in a monastery, likely on Nikephoros' orders.
|
|-
|Bardas Phokas
|1026
|Blinded
|Accused of plotting against Constantine VIII
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|-
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|1095
|Blinded
|Impostor pretender, led a Cuman invasion of Thrace against Alexios I Komnenos
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|-
|, Theodore Myakes, George Bouraphos
|713
|Blinded
|A rebellion of Opsician troops succeeded in getting a number of men into the city where they were able to blind Philippicus at a bathhouse on June 3, 713. He was followed a week later by the *patrikios* Theodore Myakes and a week after that by the Count of the Opsicians, the *patrikios* George Bouraphos
|
|-
|
|705
|Blinded
|Supported the overthrow of Justinian II and was blinded when he came back to power in 705
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|-
|
|797
|Blinded
|Emperor who was blinded by supporters of his mother, Irene of Athens. Constantine died of his injuries shortly thereafter, leading to Irene being crowned the empress regnant.
|
|-
|Constantine, Basil, Gregory and Theodosios
|820
|Castrated
|The sons of Leo V the Armenian, who was deposed on Christmas Day, 820, by Michael II the Amorian. They were exiled to Prote, castrated and confined to a monastery as monks. One of them did not survive the procedure.
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|-
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|919
|Blinded
|Rose up against the assumption of power by Romanos Lekapenos but was captured and blinded
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|-
|
|1190/1
|Blinded
|Suspected of plotting a revolt against Isaac II Angelos because he distributed delayed pay to his troops
|
|-
|
|971
|Blinded
|Plotted a revolt against John I Tzimiskes
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|-
|
|792
|Blinded
|Uncle of Constantine VI, blinded, while his four brothers had their tongues cut, after the *tagmata* conspired to put him on the throne in the aftermath of the Battle of Marcellae
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|-
|
|792
|Blinded
|General of the Armeniacs, blinded because of their refusal to acknowledge Irene of Athens as empress and co-ruler of Constantine VI
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|-
|
|1028–1034[A 1]
|Blinded
|The popular general was blinded because of a supposed plot against Romanos III Argyros
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|-
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|1078
|Blinded
|Nikephoros had rebelled against Michael VII in 1077, and continued his rebellion against Nikephoros III Botaneiates. Defeated and captured by Alexios Komnenos at Kalavrye, he was blinded.
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|-
|
|1094
|Blinded
|Nikephoros was Romanos IV Diogenes's son with Eudokia Makrembolitissa; Emperor Alexios I Komnenos had him blinded after charging him with treason
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|-
|
|1072
|Blinded
|Andronikos Doukas had Romanos IV Diogenes blinded after tricking him into stepping down as emperor
|
|-
|Heraklonas, David, Martinus
|641
|
|Overthrown, disfigured, castrated and exiled by supporters of Constans II
|
|-
| Niketas (the future Patriarch Ignatius) and 
|813
|Castrated
|Sons of Michael I Rhangabe, they were castrated after his overthrow by Leo V the Armenian
|
|-
|Justinian II
|695
|
|Overthrown, disfigured and exiled by supporters of Leontios
|
|-
|Alexios Komnenos
|1182
|
|*De facto* regent for Alexios II Komnenos, overthrown by the usurper Andronikos I Komnenos
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|-
|
|1261
|Blinded
|Made emperor at seven years old, he was overthrown and blinded when he was eleven years old
|
|-
|
|[A 2]
|Castrated
|As an infant he was castrated for being born an illegitimate son to Emperor Romanos I Lekapenos
|
|-
|Martina
|641
|Tongue cut out
|Overthrown, disfigured and exiled by supporters of Constans II
|
|-
|Symbatios the Armenian
|866/867
|
|Rebelled with George Peganes against Michael III's raising Basil the Macedonian as co-emperor
|
|-
|George Peganes
|866/867
|Blinded, Rhinotomy
|Rebelled with Symbatios the Armenian against Michael III's raising Basil the Macedonian as co-emperor
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|-
|
|1041
|Castrated
|Michael V castrated all male members of John the Orphanotrophos's family
|
|-
|
|1043
|Blinded
|Was seen as a threat so he was blinded by the patriarch of Constantinople Michael Cerularius
|
|-
|Prousianos
|1029
|Blinded
|After a supposed plot against Romanos III Argyros, he was blinded
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|-
|Theodorus
|637
|
|Mutilated for being a co-planner in Athalarichos's attempt to overthrow Heraclius
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|-
|Isaac II Angelos
|1195
|Blinded
|Blinded and deposed by his brother Alexios III Angelos
|
|-
|Leontios
|698
|Blinded
|Blinded and deposed by Tiberios III and later killed by Justinian II in 705
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|}

## Manazarta