Lajos Stöckler

Lajos Stöckler kusan 1947
Lajos Stöckler (Louis Stockler) 21 Janairu 1897 - 1 Yuni 1960 ɗan masana'antu Bayahude ne ɗan ƙasar Hungary, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Yahudawa ta Uku da ta huɗu waɗanda aka kafa bayan mamayar da Jamus ta yi wa Hungary. lokacin mulkin Fasist na Szálasi,  ya zama shugaban majalisar Yahudawa na Budapest wanda ke gudanar da Budapest Ghetto. A matsayinsa na ɗaya daga cikin jagororin al'ummar Yahudawa na Neolog a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II da kuma lokacin mulkin gurguzu na gaba, ya taka rawar tarihi  kuma ya kasance mai jayayya a cikin tarihin Yahudanci na Hungarian    

Daga 1945 zuwa 1953, an zaɓi Stöckler kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Ƙwararrun Ikilisiya na Isra'ila [hu], ikilisiyar Yahudawa ta Budapest [hu] da Ofishin ƙasa na Isra'ilawan Hungarian, da kuma nada shi shugaban hukumar wakilci na ƙasa na Isra'ilawan Hungarian, wanda gwamnatin Tarayyar Soviet ta kafa da ƙarfi. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
### Rayuwar Farko & Sana'a
An haifi Stöckler ɗan Adolf Stöckler da Johanna (Janka), née Steiner. Ya auri Magdolna Török, kuma tare su ne iyayen 'ya'yan Gábor (1929) da György (1932).

A cikin shekara ta 1914, yana da shekaru 17, Stöckler an tsara shi zuwa Sojan Imperial da Royal Army kuma ya yi yaƙi a yakin duniya na 1. Stöckler ya sami matsayi na 2nd laftanar / Military-Manjo (Hungarian: hadnagy) kuma ya aika zuwa Gabas ta Gabas, inda aka kama shi kuma aka shigar da shi a matsayin fursuna na yaki a sansanin Rasha a cikin 

A cikin shekara ta 1930, Stöckler ya fara kasuwancin sa na yadin da aka saka tare da tallafin kuɗi mai yawa daga surukinsa, Béla Török. Masana'antar dai na dauke da injinan yadin da aka saka na turanci, kuma saboda dimbin jarin da aka zuba, tana gudanar da aikin sa'o'i 24 a kowace rana, tare da kusan ma'aikata 20. Kamfanin ya kasance a Kender Utca a cikin Józsefváros ( gundumar 8 na Budapest; yanzu Aurora utca) kuma daga baya ya zama wurin buyayyar iyali a lokacin mulkin ta'addanci na Arrow Cross har sai da harin bam na Allied ya lalata ginin. Daga baya aka mayar da kasuwancin kasa kasa amma cikin sauri aka rufe, tare da kwace dukiyoyi da kayan aiki da gwamnatin kwaminisanci ta yi.

## A lokacin Holocaust
Lokacin da Arrow Cross Party ya karbi mulki a ranar 15 ga watan Oktoba, shekara ta 1944, Samu Stern da farko ya kasance shugaban majalisar Yahudawa na Budapest duk da cewa yana boye, kuma a cikin wannan mawuyacin lokaci Stöckler ya shiga cikin ayyukan jagoranci wanda wasu da ke boye ko kuma suka gudu irin su Rezső Kasztner suka balle.koyaya, babu wanda ake zargi a lokacin, cewa daga baya Stöckler zai zo ya taka muhimmiyar rawa ta tarihi.

"Ba da jimawa ba [Stöckler] ya fito a matsayin gadfly a majalisar yana kalubalantar sirrin da manyan shugabannin suka gudanar da shawarwarinsu tare da cimma matsaya da za a yanke wa daukacin majalisar alhakinsa. Ya (daga baya) ya taƙaita adawarsa ga nasara a cikin rantsuwar rantsuwa da ya yi ga 'yan sandan jihar."

Stöckler da dangi kuma sun kauce wa sauran membobin Majalisar Yahudawa na Budapest ta hanyar ƙin yin amfani da damar da Regent Miklós Horthy ya ba da manufofin keɓancewa kuma sun ci gaba da sanya tauraron rawaya don haɗin kai tare da talakawan Yahudawa  An san shi don yin aiki ba tare da gajiyawa ba[ a cikin matsayinsa na shugaban al'ummar Yahudawa na Budapest na Budapest Ghetto da kuma tare da Raoul Wallenberg kusan kowace rana.  

A cikin Disamban shekarar 1944, a lokacin da m Siege na Budapest da Arrow Cross' m mulkin ta'addanci kuma a kololuwa, Wallenberg shirya Stöckler da danginsa su ƙaura zuwa 'lafiya' na ginshiƙi na 'kariya' Ofishin Jakadancin Sweden a 2-4 Üllői Street. Tsakanin munanan fadace-fadacen kan tituna da sojojin Soviet da na Jamus da na Hungary a yanzu suna tafiya gida zuwa gida Arrow Cross sun juya bindigunsu kan wuraren da ba su da taimako ciki har da marasa lafiya a asibitocin Yahudawa biyu na birnin. Yayin da oda ke ci gaba da rugujewa, 'yan kungiyar Arrow Cross sun kara kai hare-haren wuce gona da iri da kisan yahudawa.

A ranar 8 ga  watan Janairu, shekara ta 1945, yayin da Stöckler ya tafi don halartar al'amuran majalisa, an ja Yahudawa mazauna ofishin jakadanci suka fara tafiya zuwa bankunan Danube ta hanyar Arrow Cross brigade. Bayan an faɗakar da tashin hankalin Stöckler ya garzaya zuwa ofishin jakadancin kuma nan da nan ya ƙare ƙungiyar ta fuskanci kusan mutuwa. Ya buga waya da Raoul.

## Rayuwar Siyasa Bayan Yaki
Bayan yakin, "Stöckler ya kasance mai ƙwazo, ko da yake mai yawan rigima, ko da bayan 'yantar da shi" ya wakilci Hungarian Bayahude a gida da kuma na duniya[18] gami da Majalisar Yahudawa ta Duniya. An zabe shi a matsayin Shugaban Ikilisiyar Isra'ila Pest da Ofishin Kasa na Isra'ilawan Hungarian, da kuma shugaban hukumar wakilci na kasa na Isra'ilawan Hungarian, wanda gwamnatin Tarayyar Soviet ta kafa da karfi.  ya rike wadannan zababbun mukamai har zuwa lokacin da aka kama shi a watan Janairun 1953.

A cikin watan May, shekara ta 1946, ya rantse a gaban Sashen Laifukan Siyasa na 'Yan sandan Jihar Hungary waɗanda ke la'akari da tuhumar sa don yuwuwar haɗin gwiwa da Nazi Gestapo a lokacin mamaya. 

Lajos Stöckler da Firayim Minista Ferenc Nagy a bikin cika shekaru 2 na 'Yantar da Ghetto - Majami'ar Dohany Street 01 Maris 1947.

## Firayim Minista Ferenc Nagy da Lajos
Stöckler suna shiga majami'ar Dohany Street 01 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 1947.
A ranar 1 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 1947, majami'ar Dohany Street ta cika da masu ibada da jami'ai ciki har da Stöckler da Firayim Minista Ferenc Nagy don bikin tunawa da bikin cika shekaru 2 na 'yantar da ghetto. A cikin lokacin bazara na shekarar 1947 Stöckler ya fara buga abubuwan tarihinsa a matsayin jerin labarai masu taken 'Kafin Ghetto - ƙarƙashin Ghetto' a cikin jaridar Yahudawa ta Hungarian mako-mako Új ÉletSabuwar Rayuwa). Yayin da aka buga bugu 7  jerin abubuwan memoir sun ƙare ba zato ba tsammani ba tare da bayani ba.
"Hungarian Gazette - Official Gazette, June 1948"

Firayim Minista Lajos Dinnyés, ya ba Lajos Stöckler lambar yabo ta Jami'an Cross Order na Jamhuriyyar Hungary a Majalisar. Bayan Stöckler mai gashin baki shine Miksa Domonkos. A daya bangaren matar da ke kusa da Domonkos ita ce Dokta Laszlo Benedek babban likita. Mayu 1948
A cikin watan Mayu,shekara ta 1948, Firayim Ministan Hungarian Lajos Dinnyés, ya ba Stöckler Jami'in Cross of the Order of Merit na Jamhuriyar Hungary saboda aikinsa na ceton Budapest Ghetto.

## Zargin Kisan Wallenberg & Gwajin Nuna

an kama Stöckler,        World Spotlight - Accusing Fingers in the Russian Satellites". The Sunday Herald. 1953-01  34]tare da tuhumar Miksa Domonkos   da Dr. László Benedek 35] dangane da zargin da ake yi na kisan kai na Ra8. Pál Szalai matsayin masu shaida. An azabtar da dukan mutanen da wulakanci a matsayin wani bangare na tambayoyi da Hukumar Kare Kariya ta Jiha (ÁVH) ta yi don fitar da “ikirari” tilas. Shaidan ya tilasta yin ikirari dalla-dalla yadda suka ga Stöckler a cikin ginshiki na ofishin jakadancin Amurka tsaye a kan gawar Wallenberg tare da bindigar shan taba a hannunsa.

An gwada Stöckler a cikin jerin gwaje-gwajen nunin  ta Kotun Soja ta Budapest da Kotun Koli na Soja. Yayin da laifin kisan kai na Raoul Wallenberg da zargin haɗin gwiwar Nazi  ]  aka yi watsi da shi a ƙarshe, an yanke wa Stöckler hukuncin na tuhumar kuɗin waje, rashin aminci na ci gaba, da rashin cancantar shiga cikin lamuran jama'a. Daga karshe an yanke masa hukuncin zaman gidan yari na tsawon shekaru 5.5 sannan kuma an kwace kashi hamsin cikin dari na kadarorinsa a matsayin hukunci. gallaza masa azaba da rangwame a tsawon lokacin da ake tsare da shi a cikin gidajen yarin ÁVH daban-daban da kuma kurkukun jihar Kőbánya[38] har zuwa lokacin da aka sake shi a watan Disamban shekarar 1954.

Ya sami gafara kuma an ‘yantar da shi a hukumance a ranar 16 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1955. masu gabatar da kara sun bukaci sake shari'ar na gaba kuma Kotun Koli ta Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Hungarian ta wanke Stöckler (da kuma tuhumar) daga dukkan tuhume-tuhumen "idan babu wani laifi" a ranar 30 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta 1956. Dukkan hukunce-hukuncen da suka gabata da kuma hukunce-hukuncen da aka yanke daga baya an soke su.

A matsayin sharaɗin sakinsa, bai taɓa yin magana game da azabtarwa ko ɗaurin da aka yi masa ba, duk da raunin jiki da duhun hankali. Raunukan da suka samu a jikinsa sun nuna cewa ya shafe tsawon lokaci ana daure masa hannu da kafafu. An kuma rufe shi da konewa da tabo sakamakon wasu azabtarwa da aka sha kamar wutar lantarki da duka. Raunin da ya samu ya yi daidai da shaidar wanda ya tsira na wanda ake zargi Dr Benedek & Domonkos.  haka kuma da wasu rahotannin CIA da aka bayyana game da hanyoyin azabtar da 'yan sandan Hungarian Siyasa. 

## Manazarta