Laifin bindiga a kudancin Manchester

**Laifin bindiga a kudancin Manchester**, Ingila, ya faru ne a cikin gari yanki na ciki a kudancin tsakiyar birnin Manchester, daga Hulme ta hanyar Moss Side zuwa Longsight, tare da ƙarin aikata laifuka da ke faruwa a arewacin birnin, a yankuna kamar Cheetham Hill .  A cikin shekarun 1990s, cinikayya a cikin miyagun ƙwayoyi da bindigogi ba bisa ka'ida ba sun haifar da laƙabi "Gunchester", kodayake daga ƙarshen 2000s matakan aikata laifukan bindiga da suka shafi ƙungiyoyi sun ragu sosai a yankin,   wanda aka danganta da hukunci mai tsanani na manyan masu laifi, ƙuntata wadatar bindigogi, aikin al'umma da haɗin kai wajen magance manyan laifuka tsakanin hukumomi.

## Tarihi
Laifin bindiga a kudancin Manchester ya fara ne a cikin shekarun 1970s tare da karuwar rashin aikin yi da talauci a yankin, wanda shine cibiyar Black British / Afro-Caribbean na Manchester. Ganin cewa yana da wahala a yi rayuwa daga hanyar da ta dace, wasu mazauna sun juya zuwa kasuwancin miyagun ƙwayoyi, galibi sayar da wiwi. Yawancin rikice-rikicen sun kasance a kusa da yankin Moss Side, inda matasa za su sayar da wiwi ko heroin. Bayan 'yan sanda sun fadi, masu siyarwa sun koma gidan Alexandra Park a Moss Side.

A farkon shekarun 1990s, amfani da bindigogi da masu aikata laifuka a kudancin Manchester ya tashi tare da ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyi da suka shafi takalmin su, kamar Gooch Close, Doddington Close da Pepperhill pub. Kudancin Manchester ƙungiyoyi sun shiga rikici da juna don kula da kasuwancin miyagun ƙwayoyi. Harbe-harbe da kisan kai sun karu da yawa a yankin. Wannan ya fara jan hankalin labarai marasa kyau da manyan labarai na kafofin watsa labarai, tare da laƙabi na 'Gunchester' ana amfani da shi don taƙaita wannan karuwar a cikin ƙungiyar, miyagun ƙwayoyi da ayyukan bindigogi.

Rikicin da ya shafi bindiga ya nuna a cikin shekarun 1990. A watan Janairun 1993, an harbe Benji Stanley mai shekaru 14 yayin da yake layi don ɗaukar Alvino a Moss Side .  Ba a san dalilan da suka shafi harbinsa ba kuma babu wanda aka taba gurfanar da shi saboda wannan laifin.

A tsakiyar shekarun 1990s, 'yan sanda na Greater Manchester sun fara haɓaka sabbin hanyoyin magance aikata laifukan bindiga a kudancin Manchester wanda da farko ya haɗu da iyakantaccen nasara. Wadannan sun fara ne da Operation China, wanda ke da niyyar yin niyya ga 'yan kungiyar da kuma fitar da su daga yaduwa.

A ƙarshen shekarun 1990s, kashe-kashen da suka shafi bindiga sun karu tare da yanayin harbe-harbe da ke canzawa, sun zama marasa hankali kuma sau da yawa suna faruwa ne akan ƙananan rikice-rikice, kamar jere akan yarinya ko mallakar keke, kuma da wuya akan sayar da miyagun ƙwayoyi "turf".   1996 ya ga harbe-harbe 28 da aka tabbatar tare da 12 da suka ji rauni da hudu da suka mutu. A shekara ta 1997, an tabbatar da harbe-harbe 68, tare da raunin 39 da mutuwar shida. A cikin 1999, an harbe harbe-harbe da yawa a yankin Manchester fiye da kowane shekara, aƙalla 270 (bisa ga abubuwan da aka samo), tare da mafi rinjaye a yankunan kudancin Manchester na Longsight, Moss Side da Hulme. A cikin 1999, akwai raunin da ya shafi bindiga 43 da mutuwar mutane bakwai.

### Mutuwar laifin bindiga ta yanki: 1999-2009

A cikin shekara ta 2007, Manchester Evening News ta ba da rahoton raguwar abubuwan da suka faru na bindigogi a cikin shekaru biyu, wanda ya danganta da aikin Xcalibre, ƙwararrun 'yan sanda na Greater Manchester. Xcalibre ya sami karin kudade na fam miliyan 6.5 a watan Yunin shekara ta 2008  Wani mai magana da yawun 'yan sanda ya ce Operation Cougar na baya-bayan nan ya sami "matsayi mai yawa" a kan harbe-harbe da suka shafi ƙungiyoyi a yankin kuma ana fatan sabon kuɗin zai taimaka wajen gina wannan nasarar. 

### Amsa da hukumomi da yawa ga laifin bindiga
A shekara ta 2001 an fara tsarin hukumomi da yawa don magance laifin bindiga lokacin da aka gabatar da dabarun Gang na Manchester Multi Agency (MMAGS) sakamakon rahoton Tilley da Bullock na 1999 .  Sabuwar hanyar magance aikata laifukan bindiga ta fara tasowa tare da 'yan sanda da ke aiki tare da al'ummar yankin da sauran hukumomi.

Babban adadin harbe-harbe ya ci gaba har zuwa farkon 2000s, kodayake sannu a hankali yawan kisan bindiga ya ragu zuwa ƙarami. Afrilu 2004 ya ga tsoro a Manchester Royal Infirmary yayin da ƙungiyoyin adawa suka hango juna bayan harbi kuma suka gudu ta cikin ginin tare da bindigogi a cikin iska.

Da yake da kamanceceniya da mutuwar Benji Stanley shekaru 13 da suka gabata, an kashe Jessie James mai shekaru 15 a ranar 9 ga Satumba 2006, yana tuka keke zuwa gida daga wata ƙungiya tare da abokai. Mafi ƙanƙanta wanda aka azabtar tun lokacin Benji Stanley, an kuma yi imanin cewa shi lamari ne na kuskuren ainihi, tare da 'yan sanda suna ci gaba da cewa bai shiga cikin kowane ɗayan ƙungiyar yankin da ayyukan da suka shafi miyagun ƙwayoyi ba. Hakazalika, rashin shaidu da ke son zuwa gaba ya hana a gano wadanda suka kashe shi kuma a gabatar da su gaban shari'a.

Haɗin manyan masu laifi, tare da ayyukan karkatarwa da ingantaccen sadarwa tare da al'ummar yankin, ta hanyar aiki tare da hukumomin gida, gami da kare yara da sauran hukumomi, ya bayyana cewa sun kasance masu tasiri wajen yanke abubuwan da suka shafi bindigogi.

## 1999-2009

### Kurkuku na ƙungiyar Gooch
An gurfanar da mambobi goma na Ƙungiyar Gooch ta kudancin Manchester a gaban shari'a a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2008 don kundin laifuka masu alaƙa da ƙungiyoyi. An kama 'yan kungiyar Colin Joyce da Lee Amos a shekara ta 2000, lokacin da aka kama su a 'cibiyar jijiyoyin su' a cikin wani gida a Moss Side, wanda aka samu tare da 'masu bindigogi masu ban mamaki'. A shekara ta 2001, an yanke musu hukuncin shekaru tara a kurkuku amma an sake su da wuri, a kan lasisi, a shekara ta 2007 kuma an sake yin harbe-harbe.

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2009, Joyce da Amos suna daga cikin mambobi 11 na 'yan kungiyar Gooch' wadanda aka same su da laifin 'katalogue of crimes' wanda aka tuhume su, wanda ya hada da kisan Ucal Chin da Tyrone Gilbert.  Babban mai gabatar da kara na Manchester, John Holt, ya yaba da waɗannan yanke shawara kamar suna da 'babban mahimmanci ga lafiyar jama'a'. An gudanar da shari'arsu mai nisan kilomita 35 a Kotun Sarauta ta Liverpool don rage haɗarin tsoratar da shaidu daga wasu mambobin kungiyar. Ba abin mamaki ba ne, masu aikata laifukan bindiga sun kasance wadanda suka sha wahala, tare da ɗan'uwan Amos Stephen Baba-Tunde Amos an harbe shi yana da shekaru 21 a cikin harbi da ya shafi ƙungiya a waje da mashaya a Ashton-under-Lyne a shekara ta 2002.

Colin Joyce, mai shekaru 29, wanda aka fi sani da shugaban kungiyar, an ba shi mafi ƙarancin shekaru 39. An yanke wa Lee Amos hukuncin karɓar akalla shekaru 35. An ba wasu mambobi uku na ƙungiyar mafi ƙarancin hukuncin tsakanin shekaru 30 zuwa 35.

### Harbe-harbe a Stretford da Longsight
Kyakkyawan fata game da raguwar aikata laifukan bindiga a kudancin Manchester ya lalace ta hanyar harbi da aka kashe dan Ardwick mai shekaru 16 Giuseppe Gregory a waje da mashaya Robin Hood a Stretford a ranar 10 ga Mayu 2009. Ya kasance wanda aka lura da shi saboda haɗin gwiwa tare da 'yan kungiyar kuma' yan sanda sun nemi gargadi shi game da haɗarin ta hanyar isar da bayanin kula ga adireshin gidansa a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2008, daidai da manufofin Operation Cougar na kula da matasa 'yan kungiyar a matsayin yara masu haɗari.

A ranar 3 ga Disamba 2009 Khurram Ashraf, dalibi mai shekaru 30, an harbe shi a waje da musayar kudi a Longsight, daga baya ya mutu a asibiti. Dalilin ya bayyana cewa fashi ne, tare da kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka da £ 10,000 a tsabar kudi da ake zaton sun ɓace. Da farko bai bayyana yana da alaƙa da ƙungiyar ba.

### Magana daga Chris Grayling
Magana game da Waya-linkid="303" href="./Chris_Grayling" id="mwAeQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Chris Grayling">Chris Grayling, Sakataren Gida na Inuwa, a watan Agustan 2009, yana kwatanta Moss Side da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Baltimore The Wire ya sadu da amsawar fushi a yankin, daga mazauna yankin da 'yan sanda. Bayan ya kasance a cikin sintiri na kwana ɗaya tare da 'yan sanda, yana lura da sakamakon harbi a gida, ya bayyana kansa a matsayin wanda ya ga "yaƙin birni" kuma ya ce "Duniya ce ta jerin wasan kwaikwayo The Wire". 'Yan sanda sun amsa cewa harbe-harbe da suka shafi ƙungiyoyi a Greater Manchester sun faɗi da kashi 82 cikin ɗari a shekarar da ta gabata, kuma wannan magana game da "yaƙin birni" ya kasance "mai ban sha'awa". Sun ce bai yi la'akari da nasarorin da suka samu ba wajen bin tsarin hukumomi da yawa don magance laifin bindiga a yankin.

Wakilin yankin Roy Walters ya koka game da Moss Side ba daidai ba shine "mahimmanci" saboda ƙungiyoyin tarihi. Da yake bin kalamansa, ya ce, "Ban ce Moss Side daidai yake da Baltimore ba. Abin da na ce muna da alamun rikici na ƙungiya a cikin wannan ƙasa wanda na ga yana da matukar damuwa". Baltimore, tare da yawan jama'a kusan 600,000, an lura da cewa yana da kisan gilla 191 a cikin shekarar da ta gabata, idan aka kwatanta da Moss Side, wanda ba shi da komai.

## Halin al'umma
A yayin da ake tuhumar 'yan kungiyar Gooch, Babban Kwamishinan 'yan sanda na Greater Manchester, Peter Fahy, ya yi magana game da bukatar hana bindigogi daga tituna. Ya yi magana game da aiki tare da al'ummar yankin tare da manufar gano wadanda ke cikin haɗarin shiga cikin ƙungiyar ƙungiyoyi da kuma ilimantar da su game da sakamakon shiga cikin irin waɗannan ayyukan.

Wasu jaridu sun ba da rahoton canji da ke fitowa daga cikin al'umma a yankin Moss Side, musamman, inda babu wani mutuwar bindiga sama da shekaru uku, suna ba da rahoton cewa "Moss Siders suna jin cewa canji yana gudana sosai fiye da aikin 'yan sanda na samun hukunci ga ƙungiyar Gooch".[1] Patsy McKie, wanda aka harbe ɗansa ya mutu sama da shekaru goma da suka gabata, a jere a kan keke, an ruwaito cewa yana cewa "Mutane suna tsaye suna cewa, ba mu son wannan kuma, kuma matasa suna lura".[1] Wakilin yankin, Alistair Cox, ya lura cewa "Mutane sun firgita sosai, a bayyane. Amma tsarin kariya ta shaidar da cikakken canji a cikin 'yan sanda sun canza hakan".[1]￼

## Duba Kuma
* 'Yan daba a Ƙasar Ingila
* Laifi a Ƙasar Ingila

## Manazarta