Shabbir Ahmad Usmani

**Shabbir Ahmad Usmani** (11 ga Oktoba 1887 - 13 ga Disamba 1949) masanin addinin Musulunci ne kuma mai fafutukar Pakistan Movement, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin  na Pakistan a 1949. 

Shi ne na farko da ya bukaci Pakistan ta zama kasar Musulunci. Ya kasance masanin addini, marubuci, mai magana, ɗan siyasa, kuma gwani a cikin Tafsir da Hadith.

An haife shi a shekara ta 1887 a Bijnor, Usmani ya kasance tsohon jami'in Darul Uloom Deoband . Shi ɗan Fazlur Rahman Usmani ne. Ɗan'uwansa Azizur Rahman Usmani shine Babban Mufti na farko na Darul Uloom Deoband . Usmani shine na farko da ya ɗaga tutar Pakistan a Karachi a ranar 14 ga watan Agusta 1947, kuma ya jagoranci addu'o'in jana'izar Muhammad Ali Jinnah . Babban aikinsa shine *Tafseer-e-Usmani*, wanda ya rubuta tare da malaminsa Mahmud Hasan Deobandi .

## Rayuwa ta farko

An haife shi a ranar 11 ga Oktoba 1887 a Bijnor, wani birni a cikin Lardunan Arewa maso Yamma, Indiya ta Burtaniya. Mahaifinsa, Fazlur Rahman Usmani, mataimakin sufeto ne na makarantu kuma an tura shi aiki zuwa Bareilly, lokacin da aka haifi dansa Shabbir. [ana ruwa hujja] [citation need] Yayansa sun hada da Atiqur Rahman Usmani da Shams Naved Usmani.

## Ilimi da aiki
Ya yi karatu a Darul Uloom Deoband, inda ya zama almajirin Mahmud Hasan Deobandi,  kuma ya kammala a 1908. Bayan kammala karatunsa, an nada shi a matsayin malami a Darul Uloom Deoband . 

A shekara ta 1915, lokacin da Mahmud Hasan ya tafi gudun hijira a Hijaz, Saudi Arabia, Usmani ya cika matsayinsa na malamin *[[Sahih Muslim|Sahih al-Muslim]]*, littafin koyarwar Muhammadu. A cikin 1925, Sultan Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud na Saudi Arabia ya shirya taron ga fitattun malaman addini daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Wakilan 'Ulema' da yawa daga Indiya sun halarci wannan taron. An yi imanin cewa sun zabi Usmani a matsayin shugabansu bayan sun yi ɗan gajeren tattaunawa da shi.

A shekarar 1926, ya koma Dabhel, wani karamin garin Deobandi ne da ke cikin jihar Gujarat ta Indiya, kuma ya zama malami a Jamiah Islamiah Talimuddin Dabhel. A watan Oktoba 1920, lokacin da kwamitin kafa Jamia Millia Islamia ya yanke shawarar kafa Jamia Millia Islamia, an zabe shi a matsayin memba na kwamitin kafa. Haka nan kuma da yawa daga cikin malaman addinin Islama sun kasance membobin kwamitin Mu’assasa da suka hada da Hussain Ahmad Madani, Abdul Bari Firangi Mahali, Mahmud Hasan Deobandi, Kifayatullah Dihlawi, da Abdul Haq Akorwi. A cikin 1933, lokacin da Anwar Shah Kashmiri ya rasu, Usmani ya zama malamin Sahih al-Bukhari, littafin koyarwa na Muhammad.  Almajiransa sun hada da Badre Alam Merathi.

## Ayyukan siyasa
Shabbir Ahmad Usmani na ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi yayin da yake memba na Kwamitin Gidauniyar Jamia (Jami'a) wanda ya haɗu a ranar Jumma'a, 29 ga Oktoba 1920. A shekara ta 1944, ya zama memba na All-India Muslim League kuma ya jagoranci ƙaramin rukuni na Deobandis waɗanda suka goyi bayan kirkirar Pakistan.

A matsayinsa na shugaban wannan bangaren Deobandis na tsohuwar jam'iyyar Jamiat-e-Ulema-e-Hind, wanda aka kafa shi ne a Deoband a 1919, ya ci gaba ya kafa sabuwar jam'iyyar siyasa mai zaman kanta da ake kira Jamiat Ulema-e'Islam a 1945, tare da wasu shugabannin addinai masu goyon bayan Pakistan. Ya shiga kungiyar Musulmi a shekarar 1944 a wani mawuyacin hali na Yunkurin Pakistan lokacin da yawancin rikice-rikicen N.W.F.P. da Punjab suka zo ƙarƙashin tasirin Majalisa. Shabbir Ahmad Usmani tare da ƙungiyar Ulema 500 sun kawar da tasirin waɗannan masu cin hanci da rashawa daga waɗannan yankuna kuma sun canza ra'ayoyin talakawa ga ƙungiyar Pakistan. Muhimmancin Maulana Usmani ya kuma bayyana daga gaskiyar cewa Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Quaid-i-Azam ya tuntube shi a kan dukkan muhimman batutuwa bayan samun 'yancin kai. Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban JUI na farko har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1949. Usmani, tare da ƙungiyar kusan wasu shugabannin addinai 500, sun yi kamfen don canza ra'ayoyin Musulmai na yau da kullun don goyon bayan ƙungiyar Pakistan. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen jagorantar mutane daga wasu shugabannin Punjab, Indiya ta Burtaniya da NWFP wadanda a baya suka goyi bayan All India National Congress a waɗannan yankuna. A zahiri, ya zama mai ba da shawara na Jinnah bayan samun 'yancin Pakistan a shekarar 1947. Ya kuma shahara saboda ya jagoranci addu'ar jana'izar Muhammad Ali Jinnah, wanda ya kafa Pakistan a watan Satumbar 1948.

Lokacin da Pakistan ta sami 'yanci, ya fara ɗaga tutar (a Yammacin Pakistan) a gaban Muhammad Ali Jinnah da Liaqat Ali Khan (yayinda yake a Gabashin Pakistan, ɗan'uwansa, Allama Zafar Ahamd Usmani, ya ɗaga tutar a gaban Khwaja Nazimuddin). 

Bayan Rarraba Indiya, Usmani ya zama memba na Majalisar Dokokin Pakistan, kuma ya kasance memba har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1949. 

An fi tunawa da shi saboda ya jagoranci *Qarardad-i-Maqasid* Manufofin Resolution for Pakistan, wanda Majalisar Dokokin Pakistan ta zartar a ranar 12 ga Maris 1949  .

A shekara ta 1946 Usmani ya ba da tushen Alkur'ani don kafa Pakistan ta hanyar ambaton bambancin tsakanin momin (mai bi) da *Kafir* (marasa bi). 

## Mutuwa da gado
Usmani ya mutu a Baghdadul Jadid a Jihar Bahawalpur a ranar 13 ga Disamba 1949, kuma an binne shi a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Islamia (Karachi)  washegari.

Ofishin Jakadancin Pakistan ya ba da hatimi na tunawa don girmama shi a cikin 1990 a cikin jerin 'Pioneers of Freedom'.  Ana ganin mutuwarsa a matsayin ƙarshen wani muhimmin mataki a cikin motsi don kafa kundin tsarin mulkin Islama a sabuwar Pakistan mai zaman kanta, kamar yadda Sayyid A. S. Pirzada, masanin daga Jami'ar Quaid-i-Azam ya lura.

## Littattafai

## Bayani

## Manazarta

## Tushen

*  
* An yi amfani da shi a matsayin mai kula da mu'amala.
* Ƙoƙarin Allama Sahabbir Ahmed Uthmani don Musulunci a Pakistan
* Hassan, Hafiz Muhammad
* 
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* Rizwan Hussain *[https://books.google.com/books?id=TRW_M_xybyYC&q=shabbir+ahmad+usmani+pakistan+movement&pg=PA56 Pakistan da fitowar mayakan Islama a Afghanistan]*. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2005