open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Harshen Mangree

**Mangree** (lafazin kamar  ) harshen da ba shi da kyau, ba a tantance shi ba, kuma ba shi da tushe na cikin Afirka ta Yamma, maiyuwa daga abin da yake yanzu Ivory Coast . An tabbatar da shi kawai a cikin jerin kalmomi goma sha biyu da aka tattara a ƙarshen karni na 18.  Akwai wasu alamu da ke nuna cewa watakila yaren Kru ne, amma babu isassun bayanai don rarraba shi.

## Wurin da yake
An ruwaito Mangree suna zaune kusa da Kanga, ba da nisa da Mandinga da Amina ba. Wani babban kogi ya kafa iyaka tsakanin Mangree da Gien. Fodor ya yi imanin cewa wurin yana kusa da 7 ° arewacin latitude kuma kogin ko dai Sassandra ne ko Bandama.

## Jerin kalmomi
Fodor ya ba da rahoton kalmomi 11 masu zuwa: 

: Allah: *yankombum* ('jankombum') 
: sama: *Uba*
: rana: *lataa*
: mutum: *nawa*
: ƙafa: trippi*tafiya*
: kai: tri*rarraba*
: Mutum: *igiya*
: mace: auvee ('auwee') 
: yaro: *pikkeninne*
: uba: amee*Yana da*
: uwa: pakkabel*Packingel*

Wani taƙaitaccen taƙaitacciyar taɓuɓɓugar ta maimaita 'kai', 'mutum', 'mace' kuma ta ƙara *ichi* ('itchi') 'ruwa'. 

## Rarraba
An ce yaren Mangree ya bambanta da Gien, wanda zai nuna cewa Kru ne. Koyaya, sanannun ƙamus ba a bayyane yake Kru ba, aƙalla kamar yadda aka karanta shi kuma aka rubuta shi. Masu ba da labari sune Kanga (kuma Kru) wanda ya ce suna magana da harshen sosai. 

Fodor ya ba da shawarar cewa kalmar Allah na *i* zama daidai da [./Twi_lang&#x3C;i&#x20;id= u" id="mwRg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Twi language">Twi] o-nyàŋkīŋ 'Allah'. Kalmar 'mahaifi' tana *Yana da* Ewe *ame* 'mutum' (kuma mai yiwuwa ta fito ne daga fassarar kalmar *'Uba* na sama', a wannan yanayin tata na iya zama 'mahaifa' da amee 'sama'), yayin da kalmar 'mutumin' tana kama le Gien me 'mutum'. Kalmar 'kai' tana kama da Twi (tare da wasula na i) da harsunan Kru da yawa (tare da wasali na u). Fodor ya ba da shawarar cewa kalmar 'ƙafa' na iya zama fili, 'kai na kafa'. 

Kalmar 'yaro' tana kama da Portuguese pequenino (da Ingilishi *piccaninny*), wanda ya yadu a Yammacin Afirka pidgins da Creoles. Fodor bai iya samun kamanceceniya ga sauran kalmomi a cikin yarukan Kru ko Kwa ba. 

Kalmomin da suka yi kama da Twi na iya zama kalmomin aro.

## Manazarta
Harshen Suri

**Suri** ( *Churi, Dhuri, Shuri, Shuro* ), yaren Surmic ne da ake magana da shi a shiyyar Omo ta Yamma na yankin al'ummar Habasha ta Kudu maso Yamma a Habasha, zuwa iyakar Sudan ta Kudu da Suri . Harshen yana da kamanceceniya sama da 80% da Mursi .  sau da yawa ana kiran harshen da wani nau'i na sunansa, **Surma**, bayan haka ana kiran reshen Surmic na Gabashin Sudanic, amma ana yawan amfani da wannan nau'in don harsuna uku masu dangantaka da mutanen Surma : Suri, Mursi, da Me'en.

Suri ana magana da shi a cikin yaruka biyu ta kasashe biyu, Tirma (Tirmaga, Cirma, Dirma, Terema, Terna, Tid, Tirima, Tirmagi) da Chai (Caci, Cai).

## Fasahar sauti

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

* /ɗ/ kuma ana iya jin sa a matsayin retroflex implosive tsakanin yaren Chai.
* /ʃ/ bambancin [c] tsakanin masu magana a cikin yaren Tirmaga. A cikin yaren Chai, ana jin sa a matsayin sautin daban.
* /ɾ/ ana iya jin sa a matsayin trill [r] a cikin matsayi na ƙarshe.
* /b, ɡ/ ana iya jin sa a matsayin [β, ɣ] a cikin matsayi na intervocalic.
* Ana jin abubuwan da suka faru /ɓ, ɗ/ a matsayin sautunan da suka dace [p, t] a cikin matsayi na ƙarshe da kuma matsayi na ƙarshe.
* Sauti /b, ɟ, ɡ/ ana fassara su a matsayin [p, c, k] kafin kalma ta ƙarshe.
* Wasu masu magana da yaren Chai na iya furta /s, z/ a matsayin fricatives na hakora [θ, ð].
* /j/ ana iya jin sa a matsayin fricative [ð] tsakanin tsofaffin masu magana a wurare daban-daban.
* Ana iya jin tsayar da [ʔ] a cikin matsayi na ƙarshe a cikin magana mai alaƙa.

### Sautin wasali

* /i, u/ ana iya jin sa a matsayin [ɪ, ʊ] a cikin sassan da aka rufe.

## Manazarta
Dakatar da Dokar WOKE

The Stop WOKE Act, wanda kuma aka sani da Dakatar da Kuskure ga Yaranmu da Ma'aikata Dokar (a backronym of woke ) da kuma redubed the Individual Freedom Act, wata doka jihar Florida 2022 ce ta hana makarantu da kasuwanci daga inganta wasu ra'ayoyi da suka shafi kabilanci, jinsi, wariyar launin fata, da zamantakewa har yanzu damar tattaunawa, yayin da suke ba da damar tattaunawa. Ba ya hana cibiyoyin ilimi na Florida da kasuwancin su tattauna ko launin fata, jinsi, da wariyar launin fata sun haɗu da tsarin zamantakewa daban-daban, gami da shari'a, kiwon lafiya, ilimi, da sauransu. Duk da haka, ya haramta tilastawa imani ko amincewar koyarwa na takamaiman ra'ayoyi masu alaƙa da tsarin wariyar launin fata ko tsaka-tsaki. Cin zarafi na iya fallasa cibiyoyi ga korafe-korafe da yuwuwar sakamakon kudade, amma doka ba ta ba da umarnin dakatarwa ko asarar kudade ta atomatik ba. [1][2]

Bayan ya wuce majalisun biyu na Majalisar Dokokin Florida da ke karkashin ikon Jamhuriyar Republican tare da layin jam'iyya, Gwamna Ron DeSantis ya sanya hannu a ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 2022, kuma ya fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Yuli.  DeSantis ya tsara lissafin a matsayin mai adawa da abin da ya bayyana a matsayin "mafarki", kodayake dokar ba ta ambaci ka'idar tseren tseren ba, masu sukar doka sun bayyana shi a matsayin fararen fata da kuma kai hari kan Kwaskwarimar Farko. Dokar ta haramta umarnin da zai iya tilasta wa ɗalibai su ji laifi ko alhakin rashin adalci na baya saboda launin fata ko jima'i "laifi" da " kunya"  daga ɗaliban da suka danganci launin fata da jinsi. 

An gabatar da ƙalubalen shari'a da yawa jim kadan bayan aiwatar da dokar. A watan Agustan 2022, Alkalin Gundumar Amurka Mark E. Walker ya yanke hukuncin cewa tanadin da ke kula da horar da bambancin wurin aiki ya keta haƙƙin Kwaskwarimar Farko na ma'aikata, kuma a watan Nuwamba ya ba da umarnin hana aiwatar da tanadin ilimi mafi girma. Kotun daukaka kara ta goma sha ɗaya ta tabbatar da hukuncin wurin aiki a 2024. Dokar K-12 ta ci gaba da aiki, saboda ba su da wani ɓangare na umarnin. A ranar 26 ga Yuli, 2024, Alkalin Walker ya ba da umarni na dindindin game da tanadin wurin aiki.

Ɗaya daga cikin binciken ilimi ta amfani da hanyar binciken taron ya sami raguwar ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin darajar hannun jari na kamfanonin da ke Florida bayan sanarwar Dokar, kodayake waɗannan binciken suna nuna daidaituwa maimakon ƙaddamar da aka kafa 

## Dubi kuma

* Dokar 'Yancin Iyaye ta Florida a cikin Ilimi

## Manazarta
Labari mara kyau: Yadda Woke Media ke Rashin Dimokuradiyya

Labari mara kyau: Yadda Wake Media ke Rasa Demokraɗiyya littafi ne na 2021 wanda ba gaskiya ba ne na Batya Ungar-Sargon .

## Gabatarwa
Ungar-Sargon ya bayar da hujjar cewa ra'ayoyin launin fata da kafofin watsa labaru suka inganta da nufin manyan aji, masu sauraro masu ilimi sun maye gurbin aikin jarida mai santsi wanda ya kasance a farkon lokutan kafofin watsa labaru na Amurka, tun daga zamanin dinari na penny, lokacin da aka karanta jaridu marasa tsada a ko'ina cikin azuzuwan zamantakewa.  Littafin ya yi iƙirarin cewa siyasa na ainihi da al'amuran al'adu sun zama cibiyar watsa labaran watsa labaru, wanda ya bayyana a matsayin "kusan kai ga bukatun birane, masu sassaucin ra'ayi na manya".  The *Washington Independent Review of Littattafai* ya bayyana littafin a matsayin "mafi yawan bincike" na halin da ake ciki na kafofin watsa labaru na yau da kullum. 

## Manazarta

### Tushen

*  
*  
*
Matsalar Dukkanin

Matsalar da Dukkanin: Tafiya ta Sabon yaƙe-yaƙe na al'adu littafi ne na 2019 game da yaƙe-yaƙoƙin al'adu na Meghan Daum wanda marubucin ya soki mata na huɗu, daidaito na siyasa, farkawa, mayaƙan adalci na zamantakewa, da soke al'ada.[1][2][3][4]

## Manazarta
Kasancewa Woke: Black Lives Matter Movement

Stay Woke: The Black Lives Matter Movement fim ne na gidan talabijin na Amurka na 2016 wanda Jesse Williams ya fito da shi game da motsi na Black Lives Mater, da kuma abubuwan da suka haifar da tashin hankali na motsi.[1][2] Kalmomin "kuyi farkawa" suna nufin ci gaba da wayar da kan jama'a game da al'amuran da suka shafi adalci na launin fata kuma sun zo da amfani da su sosai sakamakon Black Lives Matter.[3][4] Shirin "Stay Woke" ya ba da zurfin fahimta game da yadda motsi ya kasance da abin da motsi ya yi imani.[5]

An fara yin fim ɗin a kan BET ranar 26 ga Mayu, 2016.  

## Takaitawa
Fim ɗin ya buɗe tare da raba rikodin murya na daren da George Zimmerman ya kashe Trayvon Martin .  shirin ya nuna yadda #blacklivesmatter hashtag ya fara aiki a shafukan sada zumunta da kuma yadda harkar ta tashi.  A cikin shirin, an nuna wasu abubuwan da suka faru inda aka nuna rashin adalci a cikin fim ɗin.  Takardun shirin "Stay Woke" ya nuna kukan neman adalci a sakamakon cin zarafin 'yan sanda da dama.  "Stay Woke" yayi zurfi cikin motsi na Black Lives Matter da duk abin da wannan motsi ke wakilta. 

## Bakar Rayuwa Mahimmanci
Kungiyar Black Lives Matter ta fara ne a cikin 2013 bayan hayaniyar kashe Michael Brown a Ferguson, MO. Yunkurin ya fara ne da manufar haɗa 'yan Afirka-Amurka waɗanda ke yin irin wannan yaƙi da wariyar launin fata da rashin adalci. Black Lives Matter akai-akai yana gudanar da zanga-zangar da ta ta'allaka kan batutuwa kamar ta'addancin 'yan sanda, rashin daidaiton launin fata, da kuma bambancin launin fata.

## Manazarta
Woke (jerin talabijin)

Woke jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin ne na Amurka wanda Keith Knight da Marshall Todd suka kirkira tare da Lamorne Morris .

## Makirci
Keef Knight, mahaliccin *Toast & Butter*, baƙar fata ne mai zane mai ban dariya a kan gabar babban nasara. Yana alfahari da 'kyar da shi haske' kuma ya nisanta kansa daga daukar matakai masu rikitarwa. Bayan ƴan sandan da suka wuce gona da iri suna nuna wariyar launin fata, Keef mai rauni ya gano cewa yana iya gani da jin abubuwa marasa rai suna magana da shi. Yanzu ya fi dacewa da wariyar launin fata, da kuma microaggressions na yau da kullum da ya yi ƙoƙari sosai don kauce wa amincewa a kowane yanayi, Keef dole ne ya gano yadda zai kula da dangantakarsa da kuma aiki a matsayin " wake " baƙar fata.

Nunin wasan kwaikwayo ne kai tsaye tare da abubuwa masu rai. 

## Yin wasan kwaikwayo

* Lamorne Morris a matsayin Keef, mawallafin zane-zane da ya dogara akan mai zane-zane kuma mawallafin Keith Knight
* Blake Anderson a matsayin Gunther, ɗaya daga cikin abokan zaman Keef 
* T. Murph a matsayin Clovis, babban abokin Keef kuma abokin zama 
* Rose McIver a matsayin Adrienne, mai zane kuma budurwar Keef (lokaci na 1) 
* Sasheer Zamata  a matsayin Ayana, mai ba da rahoto na The Bay Arean wanda ya kira Keef
* Aimee Garcia as Laura Salgado (Season 2) 

**Murya kawai**

* JB Smoove azaman Alama
* Nicole Byer da Eddie Griffin a matsayin kwalabe 40 oz
* Cree Summer a matsayin Jakar Takarda
* Tony Hale a matsayin Butter
* Sam Richardson a matsayin Toast
* Jack McBrayer a matsayin Bakin ciki
* Cedric the Entertainment as Trashcan
* Keith David a matsayin Littafi Mai Tsarki

## Shirye-shirye

### Bayanin jerin abubuwa

## Saki
An saki *Woke* akan Hulu a ranar 9 ga Satumba, 2020.   An fitar da tirela ta farko a ranar 8 ga Agusta, 2020. 

## liyafar

### Amsa mai mahimmanci
Mai tara tumatur Rotten Tumatir ya ba da rahoton ƙimar amincewa na 74% bisa bita 42, tare da matsakaicin ƙimar 5.8/10 don farkon wasan kwaikwayon. Ijma'in masu sukar gidan yanar gizon ya karanta cewa, "Ko da yake *Woke* ' s farkon kakar bai san abin da yake so ya ce game da wariyar launin fata a Amurka ba, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙungiyarsa - wanda ƙwararren ɗan wasa Lamorne Morris ya jagoranta - da kuma wasu wauta na mika wuya ya sa ya zama tattaunawa mai ban sha'awa don kallo."  Metacritic ya ba jerin matsakaicin matsakaicin ma'auni na 61 daga cikin 100 dangane da sake dubawa 19, yana nuna "mafi kyawun bita". 

## Manazarta
Ebonics: Harshe na Gaskiya na Black Folks

Ebonics: The True Language of Black Folks littafi ne na 1975 wanda masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam na Amurka Robert Williams ya rubuta. Williams ya kirkiro kalmar Ebonics shekaru biyu da suka gabata a wani taron da ya shirya a kan batun "ci gaban fahimta da harshe na yaro na Afirka na Amurka".[1] Wannan littafin ya bayyana kalmar (wanda Williams ya fassara a matsayin "sauti na baki" ) a matsayin "fasalin harshe da harshe wanda ke wakiltar ƙwarewar sadarwa na Afirka ta Yamma, Caribbean, da zuriyar bayi na Amurka na asalin Afirka". [2][3]

## Manazarta
Afro-Seminole Creole

Afro-Seminole Creole (ASC) yare ne na Gullah wanda Black Seminoles ke magana a cikin al'ummomin da suka warwatse a Oklahoma, Texas, da Arewacin Mexico.[1] [lower-alpha 1]

## Tarihi
An fara gano Afro-Seminole Creole a cikin 1978 ta Ian Hancock, masanin ilimin harshe a Jami'ar Texas . Kafin haka, a duniyar ilimi babu wanda ya san wanzuwarta. ASC ya taso ne a lokacin da masu magana da harshen Gullah daga Kudancin Carolina da Georgia suka bautar da su daga yankin gabar tekun Georgia, daga baya ake kira "Black Seminoles", sun tsere daga bautar da ake noman shinkafa suka gudu zuwa cikin jejin Florida.

Wannan tsari ya fara ne a ƙarshen 1600s, kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa 1830s. A Florida, Black Seminoles sun gina al'ummominsu masu zaman kansu, amma sun kafa haɗin gwiwa tare da Seminole Indiyawan . Wannan ƙawancen ya taimaka wajen kare ƙungiyoyin biyu a lokacin Yaƙin Seminole na Farko da na Biyu . 

## Na yanzu
Masu magana a yau na Afro-Seminole Creole suna zaune a gundumar Seminole, Oklahoma da Brackettville, Texas a Amurka, da Nacimiento de los Negros, Coahuila, Mexico . ASC na fuskantar barazanar bacewa saboda akwai kusan masu magana da harshen 200 a yau. 

## Manazarta
Anguillian Creole

Anguillian Creole iri-iri ne na Antiguan da Barbudan Creole [1] wanda ake magana a Anguilla, tsibiri da yankin Burtaniya a cikin Caribbean. Adadin masu magana da Anguillian Creole ya kasa da 10,000. Anguillian Creole ba shi da matsayin harshen hukuma.

## Manazarta

## Kara karantawa

*  
*  
* 
*  
*
Faransanci Guianese Creole

French Guianese Creole (Kriyòl; kuma ana kiransa daban-daban Guianan Creole, Guianese Creole a Turanci da Créole guyanais a cikin Faransanci) harshe ne na tushen Faransanci wanda ake magana da shi a cikin Guiana na Faransa, kuma zuwa ƙaramin digiri, a cikin Suriname da Brazil . Ya yi kama da Antillean Creole, amma akwai wasu bambance-bambance na lexical da na nahawu a tsakaninsu. Antillean gabaɗaya na iya fahimtar Creole na Guianese na Faransanci, kodayake ana iya samun wasu lokuta na ruɗani. Bambance-bambancen sun ƙunshi ƙarin tasirin Faransanci da na Portuguese na Brazil (saboda kusancin Brazil da Fotigal a cikin ƙasar na shekaru da yawa). Akwai kuma kalmomin asalin Amerindian da na Afirka . Akwai al'ummomin Guiyan na Faransa a Suriname da Brazil waɗanda ke ci gaba da magana da yaren.

Bai kamata a rikita shi da yaren Creole na Guyan, bisa Ingilishi, ana magana da shi a Guyana kusa ba.

## Tarihi
Creole na Guianese na Faransanci harshe ne da ake magana tsakanin bayi da mazauna . Amma yanayin kundin tsarin mulkin Faransa Guianese Creole ya sha bamban da na Creole na Yammacin Indiya, a gefe guda saboda rikice-rikicen da ake yi tsakanin Faransanci, Turanci, Dutch, Fotigal da Sipaniya, da yarukan Faransanci irin su Caen sun yi tasiri sosai a Faransanci Creole, wanda ya sa ya bambanta da Creoles na Martinique, Haiti, St. Lucia da Guadeloupeupe.

Don haka, akwai kalmomi da yawa a cikin Creole na Guianese na Faransanci da yawa tare da Creoles na West Indies. Koyaya, yawancin kalmomi sun bambanta su sosai.

Bugu da kari, a cikin Guiana na Faransa, harafin *<nowiki/>'r'<nowiki/>* galibi ana kiyaye shi a matsayin farko, yayin da a yammacin Indiya lafazin *<nowiki/>'r*' ya fi karkata ga kusan rabin wasali /w/ *.*

## Orthography da phonology
Creole na Guianese na Faransanci an rubuta shi ne ta amfani da haruffan Faransanci, tare da wasu kaɗan kawai. 'Q' da 'X' ana maye gurbinsu da 'k' da 'z' bi da bi. 'C' ba a amfani da shi ban da a cikin digraph, ch, inda yake tsaye ga  (kalmar doki *chouval* ne, kama da *cheval* na Faransa). In ba haka ba, ana maye gurbin shi da 'k' lokacin da yake tsaye ga  ( *Sharhin* Faransanci na daidai (yadda) an rubuta *kouman* ) da 's', lokacin da yake tsaye ga  . Shiru 'h' ba a taɓa rubuta shi ba, ba kamar a daidaitaccen Faransanci ba, inda ya rage saboda dalilai na asali. Ana maye gurbin diphthong 'OU' da 'w' lokacin da yake tsaye ga  . Ana maye gurbin diphthong 'OI' da 'mu', amma da 'o' a cikin kalmomin "mo" da "zuwa".

## Misalai

## Manazarta
Harshen Al'adun Vodoun na Haiti

Harshen Al'adun Haitian Vodoun (wanda aka sani da Langay da Langaj ; a zahiri "harshe") ƙamus ne na musamman da ake amfani da shi a Haiti don addini, waƙa, da dalilai na rawa. Ya zama kamar ba ainihin harshe ba ne, sai dai nau'in kalmomi, waƙoƙi, da ƙararrawa - wani sirri - daga harsuna daban-daban da aka taɓa amfani da su a cikin bukukuwan Haitian Vodoun .

## Duba kuma

* Haitian Vodou
* Harshen Lucumí

## Manazarta
Jersey Yaren mutanen Holland

Jersey Dutch (Yaren mutanen Holland: Laag Duits) (Ƙananan Yaren mutanen Holland), wanda kuma aka sani da Bergen Dutch,[

yare ne na Dutch da aka yi amfani da shi a arewa maso gabashin New Jersey daga ƙarshen ƙarni na 17 har zuwa farkon ƙarni na 20. Ya samo asali ne a ɗaya daga cikin yankuna biyu masu magana da harshen Dutch waɗanda suka kasance sama da ƙarni biyu bayan rushewar ikon Dutch a Arewacin Amurka, ɗayan (a kusa da Albany, New York) wanda ya haifar da Mohawk Dutch. Wataƙila ya kasance wani ɓangare na creole [  wanda ya dogara da yarukan Zeelandic da Yammacin Flemish Dutch tare da Ingilishi da wataƙila wasu abubuwan Lenape.

Jersey Dutch ta yi magana da zuriyar New Netherlanders waɗanda suka zauna a Bergen, New Netherlands, a cikin 1630, da kuma Black bayi da 'yanci masu launin fata da ke zaune a wannan yankin, da kuma mutanen Indiyawan Amurka da aka sani da Ramapough Lenape Nation.

## Iri-iri

A tsakiyar karni na goma sha takwas, bisa ga wani kimantawa, har zuwa kashi 20% na yawan mutanen yankunan New Jersey tare da "mai karfi na Dutch" sun kasance bayi. Baƙar fata waɗanda suka girma a cikin al'ummomin Holland da ke cikin tsibirin an haife su suna magana da yaren Dutch, ko kuma sun karbe shi daga baya a rayuwa, don yin magana tare da takwarorinsu na fararen Dutch da kuma juna. Wasu baƙi a wannan lokacin suna magana da Yaren mutanen Holland a matsayin yarensu na farko ko kawai, kuma ga wasu da suka san yaren abin alfahari ne: 

## Fasahar sauti
Tsarin wasula na Jersey Dutch ya bambanta sosai daga Standard Dutch, da kuma yarukan Dutch daga inda ya samo asali, watakila saboda tasirin Turanci na Amurka. Shafin da ke biyowa ya dogara ne akan jawabin fararen Jersey Dutch guda biyu da aka rubuta a 1910 da 1941 bi da bi. Kalmomin "sun nuna cewa an tabbatar da wasula a cikin 'yan siffofi".

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi
Jersey Dutch consonants sun fi kama da na Standard Dutch, tare da 'yan kaɗan.

## Manazarta
Harshen Lucumí

Lucumí ƙamus ne na al'ada wanda ya ƙunshi ƙamus na kalmomi da gajerun jimlolin da aka samo daga Yarbanci kuma ana amfani da su don dalilai na al'ada a Cuba, Jamhuriyar Dominican, Puerto Rico, da ƴan ƙasashen waje . Ana amfani da shi azaman yaren liturgical na Santería a cikin Caribbean Caribbean da sauran al'ummomin da ke yin addinin Santería, wanda kuma ake kira Lucumí, Orisa / Orisha / Oricha ko Regla de Ocha . [1] [2]

Harshen Yorùbá bai zama yare ba a tsakanin zuriyar Yarbawa a Amurka tun lokacin cinikin bayi da ke ƙetare tekun Atlantika; masu bautar addinin Orisa kamar yadda aka kafa a cikin Caribbean Caribbean suna amfani da yaren liturgical wanda ya haɓaka daga ragowarsa. Har ila yau Lucumí ya sami tasiri ta hanyar sauti da lafazin Mutanen Espanya .  Muhimmanci kuma ba za a iya yin shawarwari game da harshen Yorùbá ba a cikin ƙamus na Lucumí na al'adar Cuban Orisa. Ana haɗa ƙamus na Lucumí sau da yawa tare da Mutanen Espanya don samun damar cike giɓin harshe a cikin nau'in haɓakawa, kama da tsohuwar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun Spain wacce aka fi sani da "Español bozal" wanda ƴan Afirka na farko ke magana a Cuba. Masanan sun sami ɗan ƙaramin tasiri daga harsunan Bantu da Fongbe, waɗanda wasu bayin Afirka ne suke magana da su waɗanda ke zaune kusa da masu jin harshen Yorùbá a cikin Amurka. Wannan cakuda kalmomin Mutanen Espanya, kalmomin Yorùbá da aka samo waɗanda suka bi ta hanyar haɓakar harshe, da ragowar kalmomin Bantu da aka samu da kalmomin Fongbe suma abin da Oricha na addinin Afro-Cuban Regla de Ocha (wanda aka sani da sunan Santería ko addinin Lucumí ko kuma kawai "La Ocha") suna amfani da saƙon saƙo ga masu bautar su a lokacin mulkin mallaka.

## Duba kuma

* Yaren kasashen waje
* Afro-Cuba
* Santeria
* Habla Kongo, irin wannan yaren liturgical wanda ya danganci Kongo
* Harshen Al'adun Haitian Vodoun

## Manazarta
Montserrat Creole

Montserrat Creole iri-iri ne na Antiguan da Barbudan Creole [1] da ake magana a Montserrat . Adadin masu magana da Montserrat Creole yana ƙasa da 10,000. Montserrat Creole ba shi da matsayin harshen hukuma.

Ana iya samun kamanceceniya da yawa tare da Jamaican Creole .  

## Duba kuma

* Antiguan da Barbudan Turanci
* Kokoy Creole
* Saint Kitts Creole

## Manazarta
Kongo Swahili

Harshen Swahili na Kongo, wanda a da ake kira Zaïre Swahili, ire-iren yaren Swahili ne da ake magana da shi a Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Kwango . [1] [2] [3]

## Dubawa
Harshen Swahili na Kongo ya bambanta sosai da Standard Swahili .  Akwai wata magana ta gama gari tsakanin masu jin Swahili da ke cewa: "An haifi Swahili a Zanzibar, ya girma a Tanzaniya, ya yi rashin lafiya a Kenya, ya mutu a Uganda kuma an binne shi a Kongo ",  wanda ke nuna yadda masu magana da wasu yarukan sukan ga cewa Swahili na Kongo ba shi da fahimta. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan dalilan da ke haifar da bambance-bambancen shine, sabanin Swahili na Swahili, Kongo Swahili yana da tasiri sosai daga Faransanci, maimakon Larabci .  Har ila yau, ta aro kalmomi daga harsunan gida da ake magana da su a DRC, waɗanda ba a samun su a wasu nau'ikan Swahili . 

## Nahawu
Waɗannan su ne wasu sabbin nahawu na Kongo Swahili waɗanda babu su a cikin Standard Swahili : 

* Bambanci tsakanin abin da ya gabata na kusa da na nesa .
* Bambanci tsakanin nan gaba na gaba da nesa nesa .
* Bambance tsakanin ci gaba na yanzu da halin yanzu .
* Asarar wurare a cikin *-ni* ( yaren Katanga ) 

## Yaruka
Yaren Katanga an yi la'akari da shi musamman don kasancewarsa mabambanta da rashin fahimtar juna tare da sauran yarukan Swahili   kuma wasu suna ɗaukan yare ne mai ƙima . 

Shaidun Jehobah ( *Mashahidi wa Jehovah* ) suna buga talifi da bidiyoyi da ƙasidu a kai a kai a ƙasar Kongo Swahili.  An kuma buga fassarori na Littafi Mai Tsarki zuwa Swahili na Kongo: an buga fassarar farko ta Sabon Alkawari a yaren Ituri Kingwana a cikin 1921, sannan kuma cikakken fassarar a 1937. 

## Duba kuma

## Manazarta
Harshe na al'umma

"**Nation language**" is the term coined by scholar and poet Kamau Brathwaite that is now commonly preferred to describe the use of non-standard English in the work of writers from the Caribbean and the African diaspora, as opposed to the traditional designation of it as "dialect", which Brathwaite considered carries pejorative connotations that are inappropriate and limiting. 

A cikin kalmomin Brathwaite, an yi la'akari da ikon bayanin kula akan harshen ƙasa da kuma misali mai mahimmanci na amfani da shi: 

Marubutan da suka fi amfani da harshen ƙasa sun haɗa da Samuel Selvon, Louise Bennett, John Figueroa, Archie Markham, Linton Kwesi Johnson, Marc Matthews, John Agard, Jean Binta Breeze, da sauransu daga ƙaramin ƙarni. Mawallafi kuma masanin Mervyn Morris ("ɗaya daga cikin malaman farko da suka goyi bayan muhimmancin harshen ƙasa wajen taimakawa wajen bayyana muhimman al'adun Jamaican a cikin aya", a cewar Ralph Thompson)  ya gano littafin V. S. Reid na 1949 New Day a matsayin aikin wallafe-wallafen farko da ya yi amfani da yaren Jamaican a matsayin harshen ba da labari.

A cikin *Tarihin Muryar* (1984), Brathwaite ya tattauna shahararren pentameter a cikin al'adar waka ta Turanci, yana da'awar cewa tun daga lokacin Chaucer, kuma tare da wasu sanannun banbanci, pentameter ya kasance mafi yawan waƙoƙin waka na Turanci. Brathwaite ya nuna cewa irin waɗannan siffofin wallafe-wallafen da aka shigo da su bazai dace da bayyana kwarewar Caribbean ba. Ya rubuta, "Guguwar ba ta yi kururuwa a cikin pentameters".  A nan ne yaren al'umma ya zama mai amfani ga mawaki na Caribbean:

.Brathwaite ya bayyana karanta wani labarin da mawaki da mai sukar Martinician Édouard Glissant ya yi, inda Glissant ya bayyana harshen al'umma a matsayin "mafi kyawun waka" saboda bayi sun yi amfani da shi da dabarun don ɓoyewa da kiyaye al'adunsu.

## Manazarta
Baraza Kiswahili Taifa

Baraza la Kiswahili la Taifa (Majalisar Swahili ta kasa, wacce aka gajarta da BAKITA ) wata cibiya ce ta Tanzaniya da ke da alhakin tsarawa da haɓaka yaren Kiswahili .

## Fage
Tanganyika da Zanzibar, mazabun biyu na Tanzaniya na zamani, sun shiga ƙarƙashin mulkin mallaka na Jamus a cikin 1880s. Ƙungiyoyin ƙabilu da yawa da ke magana da harsuna dabam-dabam ne suka zauna a yankin. Gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Jamus ta yanke shawarar yin amfani da Kiswahili a matsayin harshen gudanarwa bayan da ta ji tsoron cewa yin amfani da Jamusanci zai gabatar da al'ummar yankin ga rubutun Markisanci. Turawan Ingila wadanda suka karbi ragamar mulki bayan fatattakar Jamus a yakin duniya na daya sun ci gaba da wannan manufa. 

Swahili yana da yaruka 17. Kwamitin Harsunan Interterritorial, a cikin 1930 a ƙarƙashin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya a Gabashin Afirka, an ba shi alhakin samar da daidaitaccen nau'i na harshe. Yaren Kiunjuga da ake magana da shi a Zanzibar an zaɓi ya zama tushe. Haka kuma kwamitin ya taka rawa wajen daidaita rubutun tare da kirkiro wasu sabbin kalmomi. An sake tsara kwamitin zuwa wata cibiyar ilimi kawai kamar *Taasisi ya Uchunguzi wa Kiswahili* (TATAKI) a cikin 1964 kuma an haɗa shi cikin Jami'ar Dar es Salaam a 1970. 

A halin yanzu, Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta Tanganyika, mai fafutukar neman 'yanci daga mulkin mallaka, ta ɗauki Kiswahili a matsayin harshen ƙungiyoyin jama'a da juyin juya halin siyasa. Bayan hawansa mulki, Kiswahili ya zama yaren kasa kuma ana kallonsa a matsayin wani makami na hadin kan kasa da ci gaban zamantakewa. Tun da Taasisi ya Uchunguzi wa Kiswahili ya koma cibiyar ilimi zalla, akwai rata game da ayyukan daidaitawa. An kafa *Baraza la Kiswahili la Taifa* don cike wannan gurbi.  

## Foundation da ayyuka
Majalisar dokokin ta kafa BAKITA a shekara ta 1967 a matsayin ƙungiyar da ta keɓe don ci gaba da bayar da shawarwarin Kiswahili a matsayin hanyar haɗin kan ƙasa a Tanzaniya. An ƙaddamar da aikinsa a cikin wannan aikin kuma an ƙara fadada shi a cikin gyare-gyaren da aka yi a cikin 1983. Mahimman ayyukan da aka ba wa kungiyar sun hada da samar da yanayi mai kyau don ci gaban Kiswahili, ƙarfafa yin amfani da harshe a cikin ayyukan gwamnati da kasuwanci, daidaita ayyukan sauran kungiyoyi da ke da hannu tare da Kiswahili, daidaita harshen 

BAKITA tana aiki tare da ƙungiyoyi kamar TATAKI wajen ƙirƙira, daidaitawa da yada kalmomi na musamman. Sauran cibiyoyi na iya ba da shawarar sabbin ƙamus don amsa buƙatu masu tasowa amma BAKITA kawai za ta iya amincewa da amfani.  A ƙarshen 1970s, an buga kalmomi a cikin *Tafsisru Sanifu*, mujallar BAKITA, don tattalin arziki da kasuwanci, gudanarwa da gwamnati, lissafi, kimiyya, kimiyyar zamantakewa da injiniya da sauran fannoni. 

BAKITA tana gudanar da ayyukanta tare da hukumomi iri ɗaya a Kenya da Uganda don taimakawa wajen haɓaka Kiswahili. 

## Duba kuma

* Baraza la Sanaa la Taifa (BASATA), the Tanzanian Council for art
* Baraza la Muziki la Taifa (BAMUTA), tsohuwar majalisar waka ta Tanzaniya
* Chama cha Kiswahili cha Taifa (CHAKITA), takwaransa na kasar Kenya

## Manazarta
Yaren Bravanese

Bravanese, wanda kuma ake kira Chimwiini (ChiMwini, Mwiini, Mwini) ko Chimbalazi, [1] harshe ne da ke da alaƙa da Swahili da mutanen Bravanese ke magana, waɗanda su ne mafiya rinjaye mazaunan Barawa ko Brava, a Somaliya . [2] Maho (2009) ya ɗauke ta a matsayin yare na musamman, kuma an rarraba shi azaman Yaren Arewa na Swahili. [3] Duk da haka, yana bambanta kanta sosai daga daidaitattun Swahili a ƙarƙashin duk la'akari na harshe. [4]

Sakamakon yakin basasar Somaliya da ake ci gaba da yi, yawancin masu magana sun bar yankin kuma sun bazu a ko'ina cikin duniya a cikin tsoffin 'yan gudun hijirar da suka yi hijira a wurare irin su Columbus da Atlanta a Amurka, London da Manchester a Birtaniya, da Mombasa, Kenya . Tana da kasa da masu magana 15,000. 

Ƙila Bravanese ya taɓa yin aiki azaman yaren yanki saboda mahimmin wurin bakin teku na Barawa. Ɗaya daga cikin shaidar harshe don wannan ya fito ne daga raguwar ilimin halittar jiki. Alal misali, yana da tsarin tashin hankali na hanyoyi uku, wanda ya fi sauƙi fiye da na maƙwabta na Bantu da ake magana da su a tarihi a Somaliya. 

## Duba kuma

* Mutanen Bravan

## Manazarta
Crioul na Chagossian

Chagossian Creole, kuma aka sani da Chagossian Kreol, (kuma créole îlois, kreol Ilwa, ko Ilwa kawai Creole na Faransanci ne wanda har yanzu Chagosiyawa 1,800 ko makamancin haka suka yi magana a cikin 1994, tsoffin mazaunan tsibiran Chagos a yankin Tekun Indiya na Burtaniya . Ilwa iri-iri ne na Creole na Mauritius tare da tasiri daga Seychellois Creole . A halin yanzu ana magana da shi musamman a Mauritius da Seychelles . [1] Har ila yau, akwai ƴan tsirarun jama'a da ke magana da yare a Ƙasar Ingila . [2]

## Tarihi
An samu bunkasuwa a kan abin da zai zama yankin tekun Indiya na Burtaniya, bayan kawar da bautar da ake yi a cikin daular Burtaniya a matsayin wata hanya ga 'yan Chagossiyawa na asali da kuma ma'aikatan Indiya da Sinawa na tsibirin don sadarwa. Har ila yau, Creole na Chagossian ya sami sunan gajeren sunan "Zilois" a sakamakon haka.  Ana yin rawan Sega tambour Chagos ciki har da waƙar Chagossian creole, wanda ya samo asali daga waɗannan ma'aikata. 

Ko bayan korar Chagossian daga yankin Tekun Indiya na Burtaniya da kuma sake tsugunar da su a cikin Burtaniya, Chagossian creole ya ci gaba da yin magana da Chagossiyawa a matsayin alamar al'adarsu da asalinsu.  Wannan ya haifar da rikici a wasu lokuta tare da Birtaniya, tare da wasu makarantu sun hana amfani da Chagossian crole daga filayensu.  Har ila yau, an yi amfani da shi azaman harshen zanga-zangar, tare da nuna shi ta hanyar Chagossians suna nuna rashin amincewa da shawarar da gwamnatin Birtaniya ta yi na mika yankin tekun Indiya na Birtaniya ga Mauritius ba tare da tuntuɓar su ba. 

## Duba kuma

## Manazarta
Aikin Kamusi

Aikin Kamusi ƙamus ne na haɗin gwiwar kan layi wanda ke da nufin samar da ƙamus da sauran albarkatun harshe don kowane harshe, da kuma samar da waɗannan albarkatun kyauta ga kowa. Masu amfani za su iya yin rajista da ƙara abun ciki. " Kamusi " kalmar Swahili ce don ƙamus. Nasa ne na Kamusi Project International da ke Geneva . [1]

An fara aikin ne a cikin 1994 a Majalisar Nazarin Afirka a Jami'ar Yale (Amurka) a matsayin ƙamus na harshen Swahili ta yanar gizo da sunan "Internet Living Swahili Dictionary" wanda ya kafa kuma darekta na yanzu Martin Benjamin.  Tun lokacin da aka sake fasalin a cikin 2014 kalmomin Swahili ba su da damar samun dama.

A cikin 2007 aikin ya tashi daga Yale. Tun daga 2009 Kamusi Project International, ƙungiyar mara riba mai rijista a Geneva, Switzerland, da Kamusi Project USA, ƙungiyar 501(c)(3) ke gudanar da ita tare. Daga 2013 zuwa 2017, kuma tana da tushe na ilimi a dakin gwaje-gwajen Rarraba Bayanan Bayanai a EPFL a Lausanne .

Tun daga 2010 shirye-shirye da kuma bayanan Swahili-Turanci an fadada su don haɗa wasu harsuna. Aikin Kamusi yana buɗe don gina ƙamus masu haɗin kai don duk harsunan da ake dasu. An kashe aikin ba tare da layi ba har tsawon shekara guda wanda ya fara daga tsakiyar 2015 lokacin da uwar garken sa ya kasa ɗaukar nauyin bayanai don faɗaɗa zuwa harsuna da yawa. Bayan sake tsarawa a cikin tsarin bayanan jadawali, an dawo da sabis kuma an buɗe shi zuwa sabbin harsuna da yawa a cikin 2016, kodayake canza ainihin bayanan Swahili zuwa sabon tsarin yana ci gaba da lalacewa saboda rashin kuɗi.

Gwamnatin Obama ta amince da Kamusi a matsayin abokin ƙaddamarwa a Fadar White House Big Data Initiative a 2013. 

A cikin 2017, aikin ya fara wani reshen haɓaka fasaha na gwaji mai suna Kamusi Labs wanda ke haɓaka aikin ta hanyar ayyukan horar da sa kai tare da ɗalibai daga jami'o'i a duniya. 

A cikin 2017 aikin ya rarraba fiye da shigarwar 60,000 tsakanin Swahili da Ingilishi ta hanyar wayar hannu mai suna "English Swahili Dictionary Fr", kuma yana da bayanan da ke da alaƙa da ke ɗauke da kalmomi 1,769,137 a cikin harsuna 43. Baya ga gidan yanar gizon kamusi.org, wannan bayanan, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙamus na harsuna guda 1806, ana samun su kyauta ga jama'a ta Kamusi Nan! app akan Android da iPhone, KamusiBot akan Facebook, da EmojiWorldBot akan Telegram. Larabci, Assamese, Basque, Bengali, Bodo, Bulgarian, Catalan, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Galician, Greek, Gujarati, Hindi, Irish, Italian, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, Mamprusi language Mandarin Chinese, Marathiriya, Nepali, Portuguese Chinese, Marathiriya , Portuguese, Punjabi, Romanian, Rashanci, Sanskrit, Northern Sotho, Slovak, Spanish, Tamil, Telugu, Tswana, Urdu, Venda, Xhosa, and Zulu

## Manazarta
Kilinux

Kilinux ( klnX ), da Open Swahili Localization Project, wani aiki ne na Hukumar Raya Ƙasa ta Sweden (SIDA), Jami'ar Dar es Salaam (UDSM), da IT + 46 [1] don ƙaddamar da manyan aikace-aikace zuwa harshen Swahili .

Ya dogara ne a Tanzaniya kuma yana aiki akan Linux, kuma yana da niyyar ƙirƙirar tsarin aiki a cikin Swahili, wanda kusan 100 ke magana&nbsp;mutane miliyan. An fara aikin ne a matsayin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Jami'ar Dar es Salaam da kamfanin IT na Sweden&nbsp;+46.

## Fage
Harshen Swahili yaren Bantu ne da kusan mutane miliyan 100 ke magana a Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Malawi, Mozambique da sauran yankuna a cikin ko kusa da yankin manyan tabkuna na Afirka .  Yawancin masu amfani suna amfani da Microsoft Windows da Microsoft Office, amma tunda ba a samun hakan cikin Swahili,  dole ne su yi amfani da Ingilishi ko Faransanci.  Kilinux yayi ƙoƙarin rage ƙofa ta wurin buɗe Ofishin Buɗe.  A watan Yuni 2004 Microsoft ya sanar da sigar Windows ta Swahili.  

## Tarihi
 
Aikin Kilinux ya fara ne a cikin 2003 tare da haɓaka ƙamus da ƙamus na OpenOffice.org. 

Aikin Kilinux ya sami lambar yabo a watan Mayu 2006 a matsayin mafi kyawun aikin ICT a cikin ilimin rukuni na ƙalubalen Stockholm na 2006.   

## Kamus na IT Swahili
A cikin Oktoba 2004 Kilinux ya fitar da *Swahili IT Glossary*  a ƙarƙashin lasisin Creative Commons ShareAlike mai ɗauke da sama da 1500 "sharuɗɗan da suka danganci kwamfuta a cikin Ingilishi da makamancinsu na Swahili",   saboda harshen Swahili bai ƙunshi kowane kalmomi na kwamfuta ba. 

## Jambo OpenOffice
Babban fitowar farko ta aikin&nbsp;- Jambo OpenOffice ( *Sannu OpenOffice*  )&nbsp;- wani nau'i ne na OpenOffice.org, wani buɗaɗɗen ofishi, kuma an yi niyya da farko a makarantu da kwalejoji.

## Jambo Firefox
A ranar 15 ga Yuni 2006 aikin ya ba da sanarwar cewa sun mayar da gidan yanar gizon Mozilla Firefox . 

## Manazarta
Harshen Makwe

Harshen Makwe ko Macue ( Kimakwe ) dangi ne na kud da kud na Swahili da ake magana a bakin tekun lardin Cabo Delgado na Mozambique, da kuma iyakar yankin Mtwara na Tanzaniya . Ko da yake yana da kamanceceniya na ƙamus (60%) da Swahili, ba a iya fahimtarsa da shi ba, haka kuma da ɗan uwansa Mwani . Arends et al. yana ba da shawarar cewa zai iya zama yaren Makonde -Swahili gauraye . [1]

An buga nahawun yaren Makwe na Maud Devos a cikin 2008. 

## Manazarta
Harsunan Sabaki

Harsunan Sabaki harsunan Bantu ne na gabar tekun Swahili, wanda aka yi wa sunan kogin Sabaki . Baya ga Swahili, harsunan Sabaki sun haɗa da Ilwana (Malakote) da Pokomo a kan kogin Tana a Kenya, Mijikenda, da ake magana a bakin tekun Kenya; Comorian, a cikin Comoro Islands; da Mwani, ana magana a arewacin Mozambique. [1] A cikin rarrabuwar yanki na Guthrie, Swahili yana cikin yankin Bantu G, yayin da sauran yarukan Sabaki suke a yankin E70, galibi a ƙarƙashin sunan Nyika.

## Harsuna

* Ilwana (Malakote) (E.701)
* Pokomo (E.71)
* Mijikenda (E.72–73) (Arewa (Nyika), Segeju, Digo, Degere)
* Harsunan Comorian,  sun kasu kashi biyu, Yamma (Shimwali da Shingazidja) da Gabas ( Shimaore da Shindzwani)
* Mwani (Mozambik)
* Swahili : Makwe (Mozambique), Sidi (Pakistan, India), Tikulu (Bajuni Islands, Somalia), Socotra Swahili, Mwiini (Brava, Somalia), Coastal Swahili (Lamu, Mombasa, Zanzibar), Pemba Swahili (Pemba, Mafia)

Bugu da kari, akwai da yawa Swahili creoles da pidgins: Cutchi-Swahili, Kisetla (Settler Swahili), Engsh, Sheng, Shaba Swahili (Katanga Swahili, Lubumbashi Swahili), Ngwana (Congo Swahili), Kikeya .

## Manazarta
Michał Mokrzycki

**Michał Mokrzycki** (an haife shi a ranar 29 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1997) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne, kuma ɗan ƙasar Poland wanda yake taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na ƙungiyar I liga ŁKS Łódź . 

## Daraja
**Wisła Sandomierz**

* Kofin Poland (Świętokrzyskie yankuna): 2017-18 

**Ruch Chorzów**

* III liga, rukuni na III: 2020-21 
* Kofin Poland (Katowice yankuna): 2020-21 

**ŁKS Łódź**

* I liga: 2022-23 

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Michał Mokrzyckia90minut.pl  (a cikin yaren Polish) 
*
Harshen Mwani

Harshen Mwani, wanda kuma aka sani da sunan asalinsa Kimwani, ( Kimwani sw ) yaren Bantu ne da ake magana a bakin tekun lardin Cabo Delgado na Mozambique, gami da tsibirin Quirimbas . Kodayake yana da kamanceceniya mai girma (60%) tare da Swahili, ba a fahimce shi da shi ba. Kusan mutane 167,150 ne ke magana da shi (ciki har da 147,150 waɗanda ke magana da shi a matsayin yaren farko da 20,000 waɗanda ke amfani da shi azaman yarensu na biyu). Masu iya magana kuma suna amfani da Fotigal (harshen hukuma na Mozambique ), Swahili da harshen Makhuwa . Kiwibo, yaren tsibirin Ibo shine yare mai daraja. Kimwani (wani lokaci ana rubuta shi da Quimuane ) kuma ana kiransa Mwani (wani lokacin ana rubuta shi kamar: Mwane, Muane ) da Ibo . A cewar Anthony P. Grant [1] Kimwani na arewacin Mozambik ya bayyana a matsayin sakamakon rashin cikakkar motsi zuwa Swahili da yawa ƙarni da suka wuce ta masu magana da Makonde, da Arends et al. yana ba da shawarar cewa zai iya zama yaren Makonde-Swahili gauraye . [2]

## Suna
Sunan harshen ya fito daga kalmar "Mwani", ma'ana "baki". Prefix "Ki" yana nufin yaren, don haka "Kimwani" a zahiri yana nufin "harshen bakin teku".

## Sauti
*Kimwani* (mai kama da Swahili ) wani sabon abu ne a tsakanin harsunan kudu da hamadar sahara wajen rasa fasalin sautin kamus (banda wasu sifofi na magana inda amfaninsa na zabi ne). Ba shi da yanayin damuwa na Swahili ; yana da lafazi mai motsi. Labialization na baƙaƙe (wanda [w] ke nuni da bin baƙar magana) da ɓata r (ry; [rj]) akai-akai. Hanci na wasulan yana faruwa ne kawai a gaban baƙon hanci n sai kuma baƙar fata.

### Wasula
*Kimwani* yana da wayoyi guda biyar: , , , , da , wato: wasulansa suna kusa da na Mutanen Espanya da na Hawaii . Ba shi da bambanci na rufaffiyar wasula masu buɗewa na Fotigal ko Faransanci kuma ana samun su a wasu harsunan Bantu kamar Lingala, Fang, da wataƙila Sukuma .

Lafazin sautin wayar /i/ yana tsaye ne tsakanin Haruffan Wayar Waya ta Ƙasashen Duniya [i] da [e]. Ba a taɓa rage wasulan ko da kuwa damuwa . Ana faxi wasulan kamar haka:

## Rubutun Rubutu
Ana iya rubuta *Kimwani* ta hanyoyi uku: ta yin amfani da rubutaccen rubutu mai kama da Swahili, ta yin amfani da tsarin rubutun da aka gyara dan kadan da ake amfani da shi a makarantun Mozambik ko kuma ta amfani da harafin Fotigal . Ga bambance-bambancen:

## Manazarta
Rubutun Gbékoun

An kirkiro **Rubutun Gbékoun** a cikin 1994  ta hanyar Togbédji Adigbè na Dangbo, mai magana da yaren Weme na Fon. An yi niyya ne a matsayin rubutun asali ga dukkan harsunan Jamhuriyar Benin, kuma an yi amfani da shi ga Fon, Adja, Yoruba, Dendi, Boo, Yom da Ayizo. An yi amfani da shi a ilimin harshe na uwa a makarantu na musamman.

Rubutun Gbékoun ya ƙunshi haruffa 24 da haruffa 9 na wasali. Akwai alamun tonic, lambobi masu yawa da yawan alamun alamar rubutu.

## Manazarta
Jahmari Clarke

**Jahmari Oshown Clarke** (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga Oktoba 2003) ya kasance ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai gaba ga Montego Bay United a Gasar Firimiya ta kasar Jamaica . An haife shi a ƙasar Ingila, matashi ne na kasa da kasa na Jamaica .

## Ayyuka
Clarke ya fara bugawa Reading wasa na farko a gasar cin Kofin EFL 3-0 a Swansea City a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta 2021.  Kwanaki bakwai bayan haka, 17 ga watan Agusta 2021, Clarke ya maye gurbin George Pușcaș a minti na 76 yayin da aka ci Bristol City 3-2 don yin wasan farko. Goals na farko na Clarke don Reading ya zo ne a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba 2021, lokacin da ya sake fitowa daga benci don maye gurbin George Pușcaș, sannan ya zira kwallaye biyu na Reading a cikin nasarar 2-1 a kan Birmingham City.

A ranar 7 ga Yulin 2022, Reading ta tabbatar da cewa Clarke ta sanya hannu kan sabon kwangila tare da kulob din.

A ranar 29 ga Oktoba 2022, Clarke ta shiga Woking kan yarjejeniyar aro na matasa na tsawon wata daya. A ranar 31 ga watan Janairun 2023, Clarke ta shiga Forest Green Rovers kan aro don sauran kakar.

A ranar 7 ga Disamba 2023, Clarke ya shiga Boreham Wood a kan aro har zuwa 28 ga Janairu 2024. 

A ranar 16 ga Maris 2024, Clarke ta koma Yeovil Town a kan aro har zuwa karshen kakar.

A ranar 23 ga Mayu 2024, Reading ya sanar da cewa za a sake shi a lokacin rani da kwangilarsa ta kare.

A ranar 17 ga watan Agustan 2024, Clarke ya shiga kungiyar Wealdstone ta National League a kan yarjejeniyar gajeren lokaci. A ranar 30 ga watan Agustan 2024, Wealdstone ya ba da sanarwar cewa an saki Clarke daga kwangilarsa.

A ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 2024, garin Basingstoke ya ba da sanarwar sanya hannu kan Clarke kan kwangilar gajeren lokaci.

A watan Maris na shekara ta 2025, Clarke ya koma kungiyar Yeovil Town ta National League a kan sharuddan da ba na kwangila ba.

A ranar 25 ga watan Agustan 2025, Clarke ya sanya hannu a Montego Bay United a Gasar Firimiya ta Jamaica . 

## Ayyukan kasa da kasa
A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2022, an zabi Clarke don tawagar Jamaica ta kasa da shekaru 20 don gasar cin kofin CONCACAF ta kasa da shekara 20.  Ya zira kwallaye a karon farko na U20 da Costa Rica lokacin da bayan ya fito daga benci, ya ci nasara kuma ya zira kwallayen a minti na 98, inda ya ci 1-1.

## Kididdigar aiki

### Kungiyar

## Manazarta
Jide Omokore

**Jide Omokore** ɗan kasuwa ne daga Jihar Kogi a yankin Middle Belt na Najeriya . Omokore yana da sha'awar kasuwanci wanda ya shafi kasuwancin mai da bincike, jirgin ruwa, sabis na jigilar kaya, karfe, injiniyan dredging da ci gaban dukiya.

## Tarihi
Jide Omokore, wanda ya fito ne daga kabilar Okun daga Yoruba, ya fito ne manipud garin Isanlu, hedkwatar Yagba East Local Government Area na Jihar Kogi, Najeriya. Ya rayu mafi yawan farkon shekarunsa a Egbe a Jihar Kogi . 

## Ayyukan kasuwanci
 
Omokore yana taka rawar kasuwanci a manyan bangarori na tattalin arzikin Najeriya. Yana da hannu a cikin ayyukan sama da ƙasa na masana'antar, mai da iskar gas ta Najeriya tare da shigar da kamfanonin da ya kafa ko kuma wanda yake da gungume. Shi ne shugaban kuma wanda ya kafa kungiyar Energy Resources Group . [1][2]

A cewar *Forbes*, wanda ya bayyana Omokore a matsayin daya daga cikin "Millionaires goma na Najeriya da ba ku taɓa ji ba", Energy Resources Group "ɗaya daga cikin manyan kamfanoni masu zaman kansu na Najeriya. ERG tana da sha'awa a kasuwancin mai da bincike, sabis na jigilar kaya, ƙarfe, aikin injiniya da ci gaban dukiya. " Kudin shiga na shekara-shekara na kungiyar, kamar yadda aka kiyasta ya wuce dala miliyan 400.

Kungiyar albarkatun makamashi ƙungiya ce wacce ta ƙunshi SPOG Petrchemicals Limited,  Gudanar da albarkatun kuzari Limited, Gidajen Makamashi Nigeria Limited, Innovative Haulage Limited, Expedia Marine Ltd da Maido da Injiniya Limited.

Omokore kuma yana aiki a matsayin shugaban Atlantic Energy Drilling Concept Nigeria Limited,  kamfani mai zaman kansa na mai da iskar gas, tare da karuwar mayar da hankali kan filayen samar da ba su da ci gaba a Najeriya. A cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da Kamfanin Ci gaban Man Fetur na Najeriya (NPDC), Atlantic Energy yana mai da hankali kan kadarorin Nijar Delta, kwangila da aiwatar da su a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Ƙungiya ta Dabarun (SAAs) tare da NPDC.

## Sauran abubuwan da suke so
Omokore mai ba da agaji ne kuma shugaban jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party (PDP). Ya ba da gudummawar naira miliyan hamsin (N50,000,000; $250,000) ga gwamnatin jiharsa ta gida, Kogi, a matsayin taimako ga wadanda abin ya shafa da suka sha wahala a lokacin ambaliyar Najeriya ta 2012. 

A lokacin kaddamar da Asusun Amincewa na Tsaro na Jihar Kogi a watan Agustan 2014, Omokore ya ba da gudummawar adadin N25,000,000 (sama da $ 125,000) a kokarin taimakawa gwamnati a kokarin hana karuwar aikata laifuka a jihar.

## Rashin jituwa
Omokore, abokin kasuwanci Kola Aluko da tsohon Ministan Man Fetur na Najeriya Diezani Alison-Madueke a halin yanzu ana binciken su don jerin zamba na dala biliyan da kuma laifukan karkatar da kudi a Najeriya, Ingila da Amurka. 

## Manazarta
Mauro Boerchio

**Mauro Boerchio** (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Agusta 1989) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Italiya wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin mai tsaron gida.

## Aiki
Vanuatu

Ya amince da tayin da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Vanuatu ta yi masa a watan Fabrairun 2015 kuma ya fara buga wasa a Port Vila Shield na 2015, Boerchio ya taimaka musu su yi kyau a gasar cin kofin gida da Premier League, ya haɗu da 'yan ƙasar Vanuatu da kuma 'yan ƙasar Italiya, 'yan ƙasar Argentina, 'yan ƙasar Serbia, 'yan ƙasar Kudancin Amurka, 'yan ƙasar New Zealand biyu, ɗan ƙasar Scotland, da kuma 'yan ƙasar Switzerland biyu a duk tsawon zamansa a can. A kakar wasa ta farko da ya yi da Amicable, ɗan ƙasar Broni ya lashe gasar tare da ƙungiyar, inda ya shiga gasar zakarun OFC.

An ƙaura zuwa Ostiraliya na ɗan lokaci bayan guguwar Pam, wadda ta afka wa Vanuatu a 2015.

**Malta**

Ya karɓi kwangila da Gzira United ta Maltese Premier League a watan Nuwamban 2016, An sake Boerchio da wuri daga ƙungiyar  bayan ya kasa burge kocin.

Mongolia

Tare da Federico Zini, Boerchio ya kulla yarjejeniya da Ulaanbaatar City na gasar Premier ta Mongolian a shekarar 2017. A can, kafofin watsa labarai suka yi masa zagi kuma suka fito a tallace-tallace daban-daban.

**Maldives**

Ya ɗauki kwangila da Maziya S&RC na gasar Premier ta Maldivian Dhivehi a kakar wasa ta 2018.[8][9]

India

A ranar 18 ga Agusta 2018, ƙungiyar I-League NEROCA FC ta sanar da ɗaukar Boerchio, wanda ya koma tsohon kocinsa na Ulaanbaatar City, Manuel Retamero Fraile.[10][11]

A ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 2019, an ba da aro ga Boerchio ga Chennai City a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Nauzet Santana da ya ji rauni.[12]

## Girmamawa
Chennai City[13]

I-League: 2018–19[14]

## Manazarta
RSS Intrepid

RSS Intrepid (69) shine jirgi na biyu na jirgin ruwan yaki mai suna Formidable-class stealth frigate na Jamhuriyar Singapore.

Gine-gine da aiki

An gina RSS Intrepid ta ST Marine Engineering a Singapore a ƙarshen shekarun 2000. An ƙaddamar da Intrepid a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu 2008.

CARAT 2009

A ranar 15 ga Yuni 2009, RSS Intrepid, RSS Conqueror, RSS Vigor, RSS Victory, RSS Stalwart, RSS Endeavour, USS Harpers Ferry, USS Chafee da USS Chung-Hoon sun shiga cikin atisayen haɗin gwiwa a Tekun Kudancin China.

Motsa Jiki Bersama Lima 18

Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, New Zealand da Birtaniya sun gudanar da atisayen Bersama Lima daga 2 zuwa 19 ga Oktoba 2018. Ɗaya daga cikin jiragen ruwan da suka shiga shine RSS Intrepid.

Rundunar RSS Intrepid da rundunar RSS Sovereignty sun gudanar da wani atisayen haɗin gwiwa na sojojin ruwa tare da jiragen ruwan rundunar 'yantar da jama'a ta Guiyang da Zaozhuang a Tekun Kudancin China a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 2021.

## Manazarta
Jim Redmond

**Jim Redmond** (C.1940 / 1941 - 2 Oktoba 2022) Injiniyan Burtaniya ne. Ya samu hankali a duniya bayan da ya taimaka wa dansa derek, wanda ya yage kansa, don tsallaka layin a lokacin wasannin mita 400 a shekarar 1992 a shekarar 1992.

## Rayuwa da Aiki
An haifeshi a Redmond da Tobago.  Ya kasance injiniya  da mai shagon inji. 

A shekarar 1992 Olympics ta bazara, Redmond ya samu da hankali game da dan kasa derek wanda ya ji rauni wanda ya ja da hawan hatsarar  yayin taron mita 400. Ya zama daya daga cikin mafi yawan lokuta a tarihin Olympics.  

A shekara ta 2012, an zabi Redmond a matsayin Torchbearr  a wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2012.

Redmond ya mutu a ranar 2 ga Oktoba 2022 a Northampton,  A shekara 81. 

## Manazarta