Massouda Jalal

**Massouda Jalāl** ( Dari   ) ita ce mace ta farko a tarihin Afghanistan da ta tsaya takarar kujerar Shugaban Afghanistan a 2002, 2004, da kuma a 2019.  Dr. Jalāl ta fito a matsayin babbar mai magana da yawun matan Afghanistan bayan an zabe ta a matsayin Wakiliyar Loya Jirga ta 2002 (Babban Majalisa) yayin da ta zama daya daga cikin wadanda suka yi takarar kujerar Shugaban rikon kwarya na Afghanistan, sabanin tsohon shugaban kasa Hamid Karzai. 

Ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Harkokin Mata (2004-2006) a majalisar ministocin gwamnatin Afghanistan kuma shugabar Hukumar Doka kan Kawar da Cin Zarafin Mata (EVAW), ta bar wasu abubuwa da suka haɗa da tsarin Tsarin Ayyukan Ƙasa na Matan Afghanistan (NAPWA), wani shiri na shekaru goma ga mata don 'yantar da matan Afghanistan daga talauci da kuma haɓaka shigarsu cikin rayuwar jama'a. 

Tsakanin 2001-2004, Dr. Jalāl ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mace ɗaya tilo 'yar Afghanistan a matsayin memba na "Wakilin Zaman Lafiya na Afghanistan". Kafin ta shiga siyasa, ta yi aiki a matsayin Farfesa a Jami'ar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kabul, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabanni a Shirin Abinci na Duniya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, UNHCR, da Kwamitin Red Cross na Duniya a Afghanistan. Tana iya magana da harsunan Farisanci, Pashto, Turanci, Dutch, da Hindi/Urdu kuma tana iya magana da harsunan Faransanci da Jamusanci sosai. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haife ta a cikin iyali mai matsakaicin matsayi a Lardin Kapisa na Afghanistan, ɗaya daga cikin yara bakwai, Jalāl ta ƙaura zuwa Kabul don halartar makarantar sakandare. Bayan ta sami maki na biyu mafi girma a matakin ƙasa a Jarrabawar Shiga Kwalejin Ƙasa ta Afghanistan (Konkor), ta halarci Jami'ar Lafiya ta Kabul a matsayin ɗalibar makarantar sakandare da kwaleji ta ƙarni na farko, inda daga baya ta shiga jami'ar.  A tsakiyar yaƙin da ake gwabzawa a farkon shekarun 1990, ita da abokan aikinta na ilimi sun kafa Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam wadda ta ba da rahoton take haƙƙin ɗan adam ga Wakilin Musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Afghanistan. Ta kasance memba a cikin malamai a Jami'ar Lafiya ta Kabul har zuwa 1996, lokacin da gwamnatin Taliban ta kore ta. Bayan an kore ta daga jami'ar Lafiya ta Kabul, ta yi aiki a matsayin Babbar Jami'ar Shirye-shirye ta Ƙasa kuma Shugabar Sashen Mata na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya - Shirin Abinci na Duniya (UN-WFP), Mai Ba da Shawara ga Kwamitin Red Cross na Duniya, da Babbar Jami'ar Shirye-shirye ta Kwamishinan 'Yan Gudun Hijira na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNHCR).  A ƙarƙashin mulkin Taliban, ƙoƙarinta na kare haƙƙin mata da 'yan mata na samun ilimi da aiki ya sa aka kama ta saboda dalilai na siyasa.  An sake ta daga gidan yari ta hanyar shiga tsakani daga Hedkwatar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Mijinta, Farfesa Dr. Faizullah Jalāl, farfesa ne a fannin Shari'a da Kimiyyar Siyasa a Jami'ar Kabul tsawon shekaru 30 da suka gabata kuma suna da 'ya'ya uku.  Jami'an tsaron Taliban sun kama Farfesa Faizullah Jalāl a ranar 8 ga Janairu, 2022 saboda zarginsa da hannu a sukar gwamnatin Taliban a shafukan sada zumunta.  

## Aikin siyasa
An zaɓe Jalāl a matsayin Wakili daga unguwarta ta Kabul zuwa Majalisar Dokokin Afghanistan ta gaggawa ta 2002. A shekarar 2002, lokacin da ta tsaya takarar kujerar shugaban ƙasa a gwamnatin riƙon ƙwarya ta Afghanistan, an yi mata la'akari da ta jagoranci Afghanistan a matsayin shugabar riƙon ƙwarya, amma daga ƙarshe aka sanya ta a matsayi na biyu bayan tsohon shugaban Afghanistan Hamid Karzai . Ta ƙi amincewa da tayin zama mataimakin shugaban ƙasa na farko na tsohon shugaban ƙasa Hamid Karzai a madadin janye takararta.

A shekara ta 2003, an sake zaɓen Jalāl daga Kabul zuwa Majalisar Dokoki ta Loya Jirga (Babban Majalisar) ta Afghanistan. A lokacin tsara Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Afghanistan, ta yi aiki tare da sauran mata wakilai don yin fafutukar ganin an haɗa mata da tanade-tanaden haƙƙin ɗan adam, gami da Mataki na 22; Mataki na 53, Sashe na 2; Mataki na 44; Mataki na 54, Sashe na 2; da Mataki na 83 da 84.  A lokacin muhawarar Kundin Tsarin Mulki kan ko ya kamata a bai wa matan Afghanistan 'yancin kaɗa ƙuri'a da tsayawa takara a matsayin 'yar takara a manyan mukamai a gwamnati, magoya bayan sun yi amfani da gogewarta a takarar shugaban ƙasa a matsayin abin nuni, suna masu ambaton cewa ta riga ta yi amfani da wannan 'yancin. Ta hanyar tsayawa takara a matsayin 'yar takarar shugaban ƙasa, ta riga ta kafa ma'auni kan mafi girman matsayi inda ya kamata a bar matan Afghanistan su fafata. Wannan jigon muhawarar ya bayyana a cikin takardun Hukumar Kundin Tsarin Mulki kuma an rufe shi da kafofin watsa labarai. &nbsp;&nbsp;

Dr Massouda Jalāl ta sake tsayawa takarar kujerar Shugaban Afghanistan a matsayin mace tilo 'yar takara a zaben shugaban kasa na Afghanistan na 2004.  A zaben 2004, Jalāl ta zo ta 6 a cikin 'yan takara maza 17. Daga 2001 zuwa 2004.  Ita ce mace daya tilo 'yar Afghanistan da ta kasance cikin tawagar Afghanistan a lokacin tattaunawar zaman lafiya.  A cikin wannan matsayin, ta shiga cikin tattaunawar zaman lafiya ta hukuma. 

Ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Harkokin Mata (2004-2006) a majalisar ministocin gwamnatin Afghanistan kuma shugabar Hukumar Dokar Kawar da Cin Zarafin Mata (EVAW), ta bar wasu abubuwa da suka haɗa da tsarin Tsarin Ayyukan Ƙasa na Matan Afghanistan (NAPWA), wani shiri na shekaru goma ga mata don 'yantar da matan Afghanistan daga talauci da kuma haɓaka shigarsu cikin rayuwar jama'a. Ta kuma kasance Shugabar Hukumar Dokar Kawar da Cin Zarafin Mata (EVAW), wanda kuma aka amince da shi daga baya a matsayin doka don 'yantar da matan Afghanistan daga tsoro, tashin hankali da zalunci.  A lokacin da take Ministar Harkokin Mata ta yi tafiya zuwa dukkan lardunan Afghanistan. A lokacin ɗaya daga cikin tafiye-tafiyen da ta yi a hukumance zuwa lardin Takhar na Afghanistan, an kai mata hari kuma an jefa mata bam, wanda ya sa masu tsaronta biyu suka ji rauni sosai.  Kokarinta na ƙoƙarin inganta haƙƙin ɗan adam, haƙƙin mata, daidaito, adalci da zaman lafiya an buga su a cikin littattafai biyu. 

Bugu da ƙari, shirin gaskiya na "Frontrunner: The Afghanistan Woman Who Surprised the World" wani shiri ne da aka yi a kanta. Wannan labari ne na jarumtaka na mace ta farko da ta tsaya takarar Shugabancin Afghanistan.  Duk da cewa a ƙarshe ta sha kaye a zaɓen da tsohon shugaban ƙasa Hamid Karzai ya yi, yaƙin neman zaɓenta na jarumtaka ya buɗe ƙofa ga mata sama da 550 su tsaya takarar Majalisar Dokoki watanni kaɗan bayan haka. 

## Ƙungiyoyin Jama'a
Tun bayan da ta bar aiki a gwamnatin Afghanistan a shekarar 2006, ta shiga cikin harkokin kare hakkin dan adam, ƙungiyoyin farar hula, zamantakewa, da kuma fafutukar siyasa.   Ita ce ta kafa Jalāl Foundation, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta, mai zaman kanta wadda ke haɗa majalisun mata da ƙungiyoyi don gina ƙarfin mata, kare haƙƙin mata, haɓaka shigar mata a harkokin siyasa, da kuma kawo muryoyin mata a cikin tarurrukan ƙasa da ƙasa.  Dr. Massouda Jalāl ta kuma kafa Jaridar Freedom Message Weekly - wata jarida mai fafutuka wacce ta fallasa cin zarafin haƙƙin mata da haƙƙin ɗan adam tare da haɓaka dimokuradiyya da 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki a Afghanistan. A cikin waɗannan fannoni ta yi tafiya zuwa ƙasashe sama da 50 na duniya don wakiltar matan Afghanistan da kuma ɗaga muryoyinsu a dandamalin ƙasa da ƙasa. Ita ce kuma ta kafa kuma ta haɗa kai da ƙungiyoyi da cibiyoyin sadarwa na mata da yawa a Afghanistan da yankin. 

A shekarar 2010, wasu 'yan bindiga sun kai hari kan wasu masu fafutukar kare hakkin mata biyu na Gidauniyar Jalāl a Helmand lokacin da suke kan tafiya ta hukuma, inda suka kashe daya sannan suka sanya daya cikin suma. Harin ya tilasta wa Dr. Jalāl dakatar da tafiye-tafiyenta.  Kwanan nan, a lokacin da ta tsaya takara ta uku a Ofishin Shugaban Kasa a shekarar 2019,  Dr. Jalāl ta yi suka da tsaurin ra'ayi da kuma take hakkin dan adam da hakkokin mata a kafafen yada labarai na kasa da na duniya.   Wannan ya haifar da hare-hare da dama a kanta da 'yan uwanta, ciki har da gidanta da ofishinta, wadanda makiya zaman lafiya da dimokuradiyya suka kai mata bam.   Bayan faduwar Kabul a watan Agusta na 2021, an tilasta wa Jalāl yin gudun hijira zuwa Netherlands . 

## Lambobin yabo da girmamawa
An yaba mata da kuma yaba mata da ƙoƙarinta na fafutukar da take yi ba tare da gajiyawa ba, ta samu kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka da dama daga ƙasashen duniya. Ta sami kyaututtuka kamar haka:

* Kyautar Duniya ta 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya; 
* Kyautar Kyau ta Mata, Majalisar 'Yan Kasuwa Mata ta SAARC&nbsp;(SCWEC), 2010. 
* Wanda aka ba kyautar, Cibiyar Ci Gaba da Ayyukan Jama'a (CEDPA)
* Kyautar Jagoranci saboda Gudummawa Mai Kyau ga Kyautar Haɓaka Mata daga Majalisar CSR ta Duniya; 
* Kyautar Jagorancin Mata Mai Hankali daga Majalisar Shugabannin Mata ta Duniya, WWLCA, 2014
* Wanda aka ba kyautar, Ƙungiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Duniya da Shari'a
* Wanda aka zaɓa, Kyautar ASHOKA Fellowship Award
* Wanda aka zaɓa, Kyautar Tulip Prize, 2012 da 2011
* Ya lashe Gasar Karatu ta 1981 a lardin Kapisa a matakin lardi.
* Ta zo ta biyu a jarrabawar shiga Kwalejin Ƙasa ta Afghanistan ta 1981 (Kankor) a matakin ƙasa.
* Za a bai wa Massouda Jalal da 'yarta Husna Jalal, masu fafutukar siyasa biyu a Afghanistan, kyautar kare hakkin mata ta duniya ta 2025, a taron Geneva karo na 17 kan kare hakkin dan adam da dimokuradiyya, 2025. 

Ita ce mawallafin littattafai da dama,   na ƙarshe daga cikinsu littafi ne mai suna "Rataye da Maƙallin: Haƙƙoƙin Matan Afghanistan da Barazanar Tsaro", bayanin ra'ayoyinta game da zaman lafiya da tsarin siyasa na ƙasar.  Rubuce-rubucenta da fafutukarta na baya sun haɗa da labarai da hirarraki da yawa kan dimokuraɗiyya ta Afghanistan, bin doka, haƙƙin mata da cin zarafin mata a cikin harshen Farisanci da Turanci, waɗanda da yawa daga cikinsu an buga su a kafofin watsa labarai na gida da jaridu na duniya.   &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Manazarta