Jami'ar Innsbruck

**Jami'ar Innsbruck** (Jamusanci: Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbrux; Latin: Universitas Leopoldino Franciscea) jami'a ce ta bincike ta jama'a a Innsbrucks, babban birnin jihar Tarayyar Austrian ta Tyrol, wanda aka kafa a ranar 15 ga Oktoba, 1669. 

Ita ce babbar cibiyar ilimi a cikin Austrian Bundesland na Tirol, kuma ta uku mafi girma a Austria bayan Jami'ar Vienna da Jami'ar Graz. An ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci a rassa da yawa, mafi yawa a cikin Sashen kimiyyar lissafi. Bugu da ƙari, game da yawan littattafan da aka jera a Ƙasar gizo na Kimiyya, yana da matsayi na uku a duk duniya a yankin Binciken dutse.

## Tarihi
A cikin 1562, Peter Canisius ya kafa makarantar nahawu na Jesuit a Innsbruck, wanda a yau ake kira "Akademisches Gymnasium Innsbruck".  Ma'adinan gishiri a Hall a Tirol ne suka ba da kuɗinsa, kuma Leopold I ya sake zama jami'a a ranar 15 ga Oktoba, 1669.  A cikin 1782 wannan an rage shi zuwa kawai lyceum (kamar yadda duk sauran jami'o'i a cikin Daular Austriya, baya ga Prague, Vienna da Lviv), amma an sake kafa shi a matsayin Jami'ar Innsbruck a 1826 da Emperor Franz I. Jami'ar saboda haka ana kiranta bayan duka ubanninsa na asali tare da sunan hukuma "Leopold-Franzens-Universität" (Jami'ar Innsbruck)." (Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea).

A lokacin National Socialist, an sake sunan jami'ar "Deutsche Alpenuniversität" a watan Maris na shekara ta 1941 bisa ga shawarar Rector Raimund von Klebelsberg na lokacin. Kamar yadda yake a duk jami'o'i,  ya faru: an hana abokan adawar National Socialists ikon su kuma an cire su daga rayuwar ilimi. A shekara ta 1945, bayan karshen yakin duniya na biyu, an sake buɗe shi a ƙarƙashin sunan "Jami'ar Innsbruck".

Rabin na biyu na karni na 20 ya kawo ci gaba da fadada jami'ar: a cikin 1969 Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture kuma a cikin 1976 Faculty and Humanities da Faculty for Social and Economic Sciences, wanda ya fito daga Faculty na Shari'a da Kimiyya na Siyasa. A shekara ta 2004, an cire Faculty of Medicine, kuma a shekara ta 2012 an kafa Makarantar Ilimi, wanda daga baya aka sake masa suna Faculty for Teacher Education.

A cikin 1991, Lauda Air Flight 004 ya fadi a Thailand, inda ya kashe duk wanda ke cikin jirgin, ciki har da mambobi 21 na Jami'ar Innsbruck. Fasinjojin sun hada da farfesa da masanin tattalin arziki Clemens August Andreae, wani farfesa, mataimakan shida, da dalibai 13. Andreae sau da yawa ya jagoranci ziyarar filin zuwa Hong Kong.

A shekara ta 2005, an sami kwafin wasikun da sarakuna Frederick II da Conrad IV suka rubuta a ɗakin karatu na jami'ar. Sun isa Innsbruck a cikin karni na 18, bayan sun bar gidan Yarjejeniyar Allerengelberg a Shnals saboda soke shi.

### Kayan aiki na bikin

A cikin shekarun 1850, Habsburgs a hankali sun rufe Jami'ar Olomouc sakamakon sa hannun Daliban Olomouc da farfesa a cikin Juyin Juya Halin 1848 da Czech National Revival. An canja kayan aikin bikin na Jami'ar Olomouc zuwa Jami'ar Innsbruck. Ana amfani da maces na asali na Olomouc daga shekarun 1580 a matsayin maces na Jami'ar Innsbruck da Jami'ar Kiwon Lafiya ta Innsbrux. Mace na Rector na Jami'ar Olomouc daga ca. 1572 a yau ana amfani dashi azaman mace na Kwalejin tauhidin Innsbruck da Kwalejin Shari'a ta Olomouc Dean's Mace daga 1833 a yau ana aiki dashi azaman Kwalejin Dokar Innsbrucks. 

Tun lokacin da aka kafa Czechoslovakia a 1918, Czechs sun kasance suna neman dawo da kayan aikin bikin na asali na Jami'ar Olomouc. Shekaru da yawa bayan haka, a cikin 1998, Innsbruck ya ba da cikakken kwafin mace na shugaban ga Jami'ar Palacký, amma har yanzu, a cikin 2015, ta amfani da asalin maces na Jami'ar Olomouc da sauran regalia a matsayin kayan aikin bikin nata.

## Malamai
 
Kimanin mutane 28,000 suna karatu a Jami'ar Innsbruck, suna mai da ita ɗaya daga cikin manyan jami'o'i a Austria tare da Jami'ar Vienna da Jami'an Graz. Kowace shekara, fiye da dalibai 4,000 suna fara sabon shirin digiri. Kimanin adadin sun kammala karatunsu a jami'ar a kowace shekara. Ana ba da darussan kusan 4000 a cikin batutuwa daban-daban a kowace shekara ta ilimi.

### Shirye-shiryen
Jami'ar tana ganin kanta a matsayin jami'a mai zurfi kuma tana rufe batutuwa da yawa tare da shirye-shirye 150 a cikin fannoni 16: daga gine-gine zuwa ilimin dabbobi.

Jami'ar tana ba da shirye-shiryen digiri na farko 41 ciki har da shirye-aikacen horar da malamai, shirye-shirye na digiri na 60, shirye-shiryin difloma 4 da shirye-sauyen digiri na PhD / doctoral 26 (kamar yadda shekara ta ilimi 2022/23) a fannonin gine-gine, bil'adama, kimiyyar halitta, doka, kimiyyyar zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, da kuma tauhidin da kimiyyar fasaha.

Don shirye-shiryen digiri na farko a fannin gine-gine, ilmin halitta, kimiyyar kwamfuta, kantin magani, ilimin halin dan Adam, tattalin arziki, shirye-shiryen horar da malamai, shirin difloma a fannin tattalin arziki na kasa da kasa, da kuma shirye-shiryen digiri na biyu a cikin ilimin halin dan Adam, kimiyyar magunguna, da karatun zaman lafiya da rikice-rikice, ana amfani da ka'idojin shigar musamman kafin shiga gaba daya.  Koyaya, a halin yanzu an dakatar da hanyoyin shiga don yawancin waɗannan karatun.

Yawancin karatu za a iya ƙarawa tare da fakitin da za a iya zaɓa a kan ƙwararru iri-iri kamar su ƙididdigewa, dorewa, kafofin watsa labarai ko sadarwar kamfani.  Za a iya amfani da shirin nazarin tsawaita zango biyu don faɗaɗa takamaiman ƙwarewar jigo ta zahiri.  A halin yanzu, jami'a tana ba da karatuttukan tsawaita a cikin harkokin kasuwanci, kimiyyar kwamfuta da lissafin kimiyya.

Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Dijital (DiSC), wacce aka kafa a cikin 2019, tana koyar da ƙwarewar dijital ga ɗalibai. Wadannan sun fito ne daga harsunan shirye-shirye zuwa ƙwarewa a cikin gudanar da bayanai da bincike zuwa fannoni marasa fasaha na dijital.

Bayan rabuwa da Faculty of Medicine a shekara ta 2004, ana ba da karatun likita a Jami'ar Kiwon Lafiya ta Innsbruck.

A watan Oktoba na 2021, an yi jayayya game da karatun *Nazarin Zaman Lafiya*. A sakamakon haka, gudanarwar jami'a ta bayyana cewa, duk da sunan shirin Master, ba shirin master na yau da kullun ba ne, amma hanya ce ta musamman kan zaman lafiya, ci gaba, tsaro da sauya rikice-rikicen kasa da kasa.

Tun daga shekara ta 2022, ana koyar da shirin masters na yau da kullun a cikin *Nazarin zaman lafiya da rikici* a jami'ar. A cikin 2023, an kaddamar da Rina Alluri a matsayin sabon Shugaban UNESCO na Nazarin Zaman Lafiya.

### Wakilin ɗalibai
Ƙungiyar Dalibai ta Austriya (ÖH) ita ce wakilcin shari'a na dukkan dalibai a Austria. Dukkanin dalibai mambobi ne na ÖH ta atomatik kuma suna biyan kuɗin Yuro 21,20 (ciki har da Yuro 0,70 don inshora) a kowane semester (WS2022/2023), wanda aka tattara tare da kuɗin karatun ta sashen karatun jami'ar.

### Kudin karatun
Dalibai na yau da kullun tare da EU / EEA / CH ɗan ƙasa da ɗalibai daidai matsayin waɗanda aka shigar da su zuwa digiri na farko, difloma, masters ko digiri na biyu suna biyan kuɗin ÖH kawai a farkon sabon karatunsu.  Bayan wuce lokacin ba da gudummawar karatu, ana cajin kuɗin koyarwa na Yuro 363.36 (A, EU/EEA, CH) ko na ƙasa na uku Yuro 726.72 a kowane semester..

## Ayyuka
Sabon shirin shirya (wanda ya zama mai tasiri a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2004) ya shigar da fannoni 16 masu zuwa don maye gurbin fannoni shida da suka kasance a baya:

* Kwalejin Gine-gine,
* Kwalejin Ilimin halittu,
* Kwalejin tauhidin Katolika,
* Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy,
* Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziki da Kididdiga,
* Ma'aikatar Ilimi,
* Faculty of Technical Sciences (tsohon Faculty na Injiniya Kimiyya kuma kafin wannan Faculty injin gari),
* Faculty of Geography and Atmospheric Sciences,
* Faculty of Humanities 1 (Falsafa da Tarihi),
* Faculty of Humanities 2 (Harshe da Littattafai),
* Kwalejin Shari'a,
* Kwalejin Lissafi, kimiyyar kwamfuta da kimiyyar lissafi,
* Faculty of Psychology and Sports science,
* Makarantar Kimiyya ta Siyasa da Ilimin Jama'a,
* Makarantar Gudanarwa,
* Makarantar Ilimi (koyar da malamai).

Ya zuwa 1 ga Janairun 2004, an raba Faculty of Medicine daga babban jami'a don zama jami'a da kansa. Wannan yanzu ana kiransa Jami'ar Kiwon Lafiya ta Innsbruck (Medizinische Universität Innsbrux).

An kafa ƙungiyar da ake kira Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Dijital (DiSC) a cikin 2019 don haɗa kai da inganta inganta fasahar bincike na kimiyya da kuma tallafawa kimiyya mai inganci.

## Gine-gine
Gine-ginen jami'a sun bazu a fadin birni kuma babu harabar jami'a kamar haka. Wuraren da suka fi muhimmanci sune:

* An buɗe fannin tauhidi a shekara ta 1562 a matsayin Makarantar Jesuit a shekara ta 1766 kuma jami'ar ta yi amfani da gine-gine daga cocin Jesuit a *Leopoldsaal* (jami'ar asali).

Fayil:Hauptgebaeude_der_uni_innsbruck.jpg|Hauptgebäude
Fayil:Im_hauptgebaeude_der_uni_innsbruck.jpg|Im Hauptgebäude
Fayil:Universitaets_und_landesbibliothek_tirol.jpg|Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek
Fayil:Ccb_innsbruck.JPG|Das Centrum für Chemie und Biomedizin (CCB)
Fayil:Atrium_langer_weg_innsbruck.JPG|Das Zentrum für Alte Kulturen

Fayil:Campus_universitaetsstrasse_innsbruck.JPG|Die Sowi
Fayil:Innsbruck,_Theologische_Fakultät,_Westteil.JPG|Theologische Fakultät
Fayil:Lesesaal_ULB-Tirol.JPG|Lesesaal in der Universitätsbibliothek
Fayil:Innsbruck-Botanik-Verwalterhaus.JPG|Im Botanischen Garten

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## Abubuwan da ke da sha'awa

* Patscherkofel" id="mwAVo" rel="mw:WikiLink/Interwiki" title="de:Alpengarten Patscherkofel">Alpengarten Patscherkofel, lambun alpine na jami'a a saman Patscherkofeld
* Botanischer Garten der Universität Innsbruck, lambun tsire-tsire na jami'alambun shuke-shuke

## Wadanda suka lashe kyautar Nobel

* Anton Zeilinger (Fisika 2022) 
* Victor Franz Hess (Fisika 1936) 
* Hans Fischer (Chemistry 1930) 
* Adolf Windaus (Chemistry 1928) 
* Fritz Pregl (Chemistry 1923) 

Fayil:Fritz_Pregl.jpg|Fritz Pregl
Fayil:Windaus.jpg|Adolf Windaus
Fayil:Hans_Fischer_(Nobel).jpg|Hans Fischer
Fayil:Hess.jpg|Victor Franz Hess
Fayil:A._Zeilinger_(cropped).jpg|Anton Zeilinger


## Mashahuriyar ƙwarewa
 

* Clemens August Andreae, farfesa kuma masanin tattalin arziki 
* Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk, masanin tattalin arziki
* Wilhelm Ehmann, masanin kiɗa
* Karl Rahner, masanin tauhidi
* Anton Pelinka, farfesa a fannin kimiyyar siyasa
* Leopold Vietoris, masanin lissafi kuma mutum mafi tsufa na Austrian.
* Anton Zeilinger, masanin kimiyyar lissafi
* Peter Zoller, masanin kimiyyar lissafi
* Rainer Blatt, masanin kimiyyar lissafi

## Shahararrun ɗalibai

* Aschbacher, shugaban hukumar kula da sararin samaniya ta Turai (ESA) James Demske, SJ, shugaban Kwalejin Canisius (1966-1993)[1]  Andreas Benedict Feilmoser, masanin tauhidi  Walter Guggenberger, ma'aikacin gwamnati kuma ɗan siyasa  Maria Luise Thurmair, marubuciyar waƙa  Alexander van der Bellen, shugaban kasar Austria  Josef Hoop, Firayim Minista na Liechtenstein (1928-1945)  Herbert Willi (an haifi 1956) mawaki  Armin Wolf, jarida  Matthias Sttrolz, wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban farko na jam'iyyar siyasa NEOS  Ivo Sanader, tsohon Firayim Ministan Croatia  Günther Rupprechter, shugaban Cibiyar Kimiyyar Materials, [2] Technische Universität Wien (TU Wien)
*

## Wadanda aka azabtar da tsanantawa ta siyasa da ta'addanci

* Ludwig Wahrmund ya kasance farfesa a fannin Shari'ar Canon a shekarar 1908 wanda aka kore shi daga mukaminsa biyo bayan maganganu masu mahimmanci game da tsoma baki na Cocin Katolika a cikin 'yancin ilimi.
* Christoph Probst (an haife shi 6 Nuwamba 1919 a Murnau da Staffelsee: an kashe shi 22 Fabrairu 1943 a Munich) dalibi ne na likita kuma memba ne na kungiyar juriya ta White Rose (Weiße Rose). 
* Ignacio Ellacuría, S.J. (Portugalete, Biscay, Spain, 9 Nuwamba 1930 - San Salvador, 16 Nuwamba 1989) ya kasance firist na Roman Katolika na Jesuit, masanin falsafa, kuma masanin tauhidi. Ignacio Ellacuría babban aboki ne kuma abokin aiki na malaman Ignacio Martín-Baró da Segundo Montes, dukansu sojojin El Salvador ne suka kashe su tare da Ellacuría, tare da abokan aiki uku da ma'aikata biyu. Ya sami digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Innsbruck .
* Segundo Montes, S.J. (Valladolid, Spain, 15 ga Mayu 1933 - San Salvador, El Salvador, 16 ga Nuwamba 1989) masanin kimiyya ne, masanin falsafa, malami, masanin zamantakewa da kuma firist na Jesuit. Segundo Montes babban aboki ne kuma abokin aiki na malaman Ignacio Martín-Baró da Ignacio Ellacuría, dukansu sojojin El Salvador ne suka kashe su tare da Montes, tare da wasu abokan aiki uku da wasu ma'aikata biyu. Ya sami digiri na biyu a Innsbruck .
* Kurt von Schuschnigg (1897-1977) shi ne shugaban kasar Austria kuma an tsare shi har zuwa 1945 bayan anschluss (1938).

## Manazarta