open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Jayasri Chattopadhyay

Jayasri Chattopadhyay ( Jayaśrī Caṭṭopādhyāya ) (b. 1945) marubuci ne na Sanskrit kuma mawaƙin Sanskrit daga Kolkata, West Bengal, ƙasar Indiya. Ta Ph.D. ya kasance akan 'Lyrical Elements na Ramayana na Valmiki' da D.lit akan 'Tasirin Adabin Buddhist Avadana akan adabin visvakabi Rabindranath Tagore'.

Tarin waqoqin Sanskrit da ta shirya sunanta *Nissangah Pranyayh* . Littafin Turanci na wannan littafi mai suna *Love without attachment* .  Ta yi CD akan Nissangah Pranayah wanda aka saki a taron Sanskrit na Duniya na 16 da aka gudanar a Bangkok, Yuni 2015. Sanannen rubuce-rubucenta na Sanskrit sune 'Asafvilasa Samiksha', 'Sanskrita Sahitye Swapna', 'Mahavastuni Ramayananubhava', 'Adhyardhasataka Samiksha', 'Mricchakatike Varsha', 'Buddhacharite Ramayana samyam', 'Jagannathasya',' Jagannathasya'ity, 'Jagannathasya'ity, Saharity 'Usha Varavarnini', da 'Devi Suktam' waɗanda aka buga a cikin mujallun Sanskrit daban-daban.

Ta kuma gyara kuma ta fassara cikin Bengali 'Kakolukiyam' da 'Labdhapranasham', tantras biyu na panchatantra . Bayan Nissangah Pranayah, ta kuma tsara wakoki na Sanskrit kamar 'Ratri', 'Shilabhattarika', 'Avasara', da 'Kalikatanagarya durgapratimang prati', fassarar turancin da ta karanta a wurin wasan kwaikwayon Abhivyakti na Sahitya Academy da aka gudanar a Dibrugarh a ranar 5 ga Satumba 20.

Ta kasance mai karatu a Kwalejin Kirista na Mata, Kolkata kuma ta koyar da Jagoran Tauhidi a Kwalejin Bishop .

Ta kasance baƙo malami a Kwalejin Sanskrit, Kolkata. Ta sami Shastra Churamani Scholarship na Rashtriya Sanskrit Sangthan kuma ta koyar a Sitaram Baidic Adarsha Sanskrit Mahabidyalay.

Ta kuma koyar da Alamkarashastra ( wakoki ) a Jami'ar Jadavpur Kolkata kuma ta rubuta tarihin wakokin Sanskrit a cikin harshen Bengali mai suna 'Alamkarasahityer Samriddha Itihash', wanda Sanskrit Pustak Bhandar ya buga.

Kwanan nan an buga abubuwan tafiye-tafiyenta a cikin littafin Bengali Bhraman Vilasir Diary.

## Littattafai

* *Valmikiye Ramayane Gitikavyadharmita*
* *Nissanghah pranayah*
* *Valmikiyam Ramayanam*
* *Avadan Evam Rabindranath*
* *Buddha Charitam*
* *Alamkarasahityer Samriddha Itihash*
* *DHwanyaloka*

## Manazarta
Majella O'Donnell

**Majella O'Donnell** (an haife ta **Majella Roche**,a ranar 14 ga watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1960)  mawaƙiya ce ta Irish, 'yar kasuwa kuma mai fafutukar sadaka daga Thurles, County Tipperary. Ta zo ga jama'a game da alkawarinta da mawaƙa Daniel O'Donnell . Wanda ya tsira daga ciwon daji, ta tara kudi ga Irish Cancer Society . 

## Rayuwa ta farko
O'Donnell 'yar Tom da Marion Roche ce,  kuma an haife ta ne a Thurles, County Tipperary.  Iyayenta suna da mashaya a Tenerife . 

An sokewa aurenta da mijinta na farko, Raymond McLennan. Sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu tare. Ta tafi da sunanta na aure, Majella McLennan, har zuwa aurenta na biyu.

Ta sadu da mawaƙa Daniel O'Donnell a watan Satumbar 1999 a Tenerife .  Sun yi aure a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 2002.

## Ayyuka

A cikin 2015, O'Donnell da mijinta sun samar da Daniel da Majella's B & B Road Trip, jerin tafiye-tafiye don RTÉ .  Ta bayyana a matsayin baƙo a kan The Late , a kan RTÉ One, Loose Women a kan ITV1,  da Angela Scanlon's Ask Me Anything a kan RTE 2 2. O'Donnell ya saki kundi biyu, *A ƙarshe* a cikin 2006 da *...*Ta hanyar buƙata a cikin 2010. Ta yi duet tare da Daniel a kan PBS na musamman "Can You Feel The Love". A cewar mijinta, an kusanci O'Donnell don yin gasa a Dancing with the Stars . 

Aiki a kan Twitter, O'Donnell tayi magana game da ayyukan Eamonn Holmes bayan murabus na  Phillip Schofield daga ITV,  da kuma tallatawa game da binciken da ba shi da tushe game da abokin dangi Cliff Richard . 

## Binciken Ciwon daji
A cikin 2013 O'Donnell ta sanar da cewa tana fama da ciwon nono. A cikin makon da ta fara maganin chemotherapy, an aske kanta kai tsaye a kan The Late *Late Show* a matsayin mai tara kuɗi ga Irish Cancer Society, ta tara sama da Yuro 350,000. An yi mata tiyata sau biyu.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
O'Donnell da mijinta suna zaune a Meenbannad, County Donegal, kuma suna ciyar da lokaci a gidansu na biyu a Tenerife.

Tana da jikoki uku.

O'Donnell ta yi magana game da matsalolin da take da su tare da baƙin ciki, da kuma fasaha a matsayin hanyar da za ta jimre da ita lokacin da aka mamaye ta.

## Bayanan da aka yi

* *A ƙarshe* 2006 
* ... *...Ta hanyar Neman* 2010 [2]2010

## Bayanan littattafai

* 

## Manazarta
Oral literature

**Adabin baka**, baka, ko adabin jama’a wani nau’in adabi ne da ake magana ko rera shi sabanin wanda aka rubuta, duk da cewa an rubuta adabin baka da yawa.  Babu daidaitaccen ma'anar, kamar yadda masana ilimin ɗan adam suka yi amfani da kwatance daban-daban don adabin baka ko adabin jama'a.  Faɗaɗɗen ra'ayi yana nufin shi azaman wallafe-wallafen da ke tattare da watsa ta baki da kuma rashin kowane tsayayyen tsari.  Ya haɗa da labaru, tatsuniyoyi, da tarihin da suka shige ta cikin tsararraki cikin sigar magana. 

## Manazarta
Golda Marcus

**Golda Lee Marcus** (an haife ta Maris 15, 1983, a Nahuizalco, El Salvador) yar wasan ninkaya ne na Olympics sau biyu daga El Salvador. Ta yi iyo a gasar Olympics na 2004 da 2008. Tun daga watan Yuni 2009, tana riƙe da tarihin Salvadoran a cikin 400, 800, da 1500 na freestyles.

A shekara ta 2001, ta lashe lambobin zinare 7 da azurfa 2 a wasannin tsakiyar Amurka na 2001, da zinare 2 da tagulla 3 a Gasar Cin Kofin CCCAN. A wasannin tsakiyar Amurka da Caribbean na 2002, ta sami lambobin tagulla a tseren tseren mita 200, 400 da 800m.

A wasannin tsakiyar Amurka da Caribbean a shekarar 2006, ta lashe lambobin tagulla a tseren tseren mita 1500 na mata da kuma tseren tsere na 4x200.

A CCCANs na 2007, ta yi nasara a tseren tseren mita 200, 400, da 800, kuma ta ƙare na biyu a cikin malam buɗe ido na mita 200.

Ta kuma yi iyo don El Salvador a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2003 da 2007, da kuma a 2007 wasannin Pan Americans.

Ta taba horar da De Anza Cupertino Aquatics, kuma har zuwa 2020, a halin yanzu tana horar da Burlingame Aquatics Club (BAC) a California. Tana koyarwa a makarantar sakandare ta Saratoga tare da ƙwararrun masu ninkaya.

## Manazarta
Jayasri Burman

**Jayasri Burman** (an haife ta  Oktoba 21, shekakara ta  1960, a Kolkata ) tana  sana a  zanen zamani ne kuma mai sassaƙa  a kasar  Indiya. Tana zaune a New Delhi, Indiya. Ta yi karatu a Kala Bhavan da ke Shantiniketan daga 1977 zuwa 1979, da kuma Kwalejin fasaha da fasaha ta gwamnati, Kolkata, inda ta yi digiri na biyu a fannin zane-zane.   Ta ɗauki Bita na Zane-zane wanda Paul Lingren ya jagoranta da kuma kwas na yau da kullun kan bugawa a Paris daga Monsieur Ceizerzi. Ita memba ce ta dangin dangi na fitattun masu fasaha : mijinta mai zane ne kuma mai sculptor Paresh Maity, mai zane da sculptor kawun Sakti Burman da ɗa, mai daukar hoto Rid Burman  . 

**Matsakaici da Jigogi**

Abubuwan da ta fi amfani da su sune watercolours, ink, gawayi da acrylic a kan zane. Sau da yawa yana mai da hankali kan yanayi, alloli da alloli, ainihin hotonta sun haɗu da mutane, tatsuniyoyi da tatsuniyoyi don ba da labarun alloli waɗanda suka fuskanci wahala.

## nune-nunen
**Zaɓi Nunin Kai Kai**

**2023**

Dhārā, Art Musings, Mumbai An zana mafi yawa a cikin palette na monochromatic, "Dhārā" a Art Musings Gallery, Mumbai, waƙar yabo ce ga uwa, yanayi da kwarewar kasancewa mace. Ya ƙunshi waƙoƙin da masanin al'adu da mawaƙi Ranjit Hoskote ya karanta.

**2021**''River of Faith'', Art Exposure, Bikaner House, New Delhi

Da karfi rinjayi da imani na ruhaniya da matani masu tsarki, Burman ta bayyana kirkirarta tare da waƙoƙin waka wanda wani ɓangare ne na almara da kuma wani ɓangare na kwayoyin halitta. Kogin Ganga ya yi tasiri sosai a kanta kuma ta zana kogin a cikin siffofi masu yawa tare da abubuwa masu kama da swan, furanni, inabi, kifi da sauransu. Rushewar da aka yi kwanan nan da lalacewar ruwan kogin a matsayin sakamakon annobar ta motsa ta sosai kuma a ƙarshe ta ƙare a *Kogin Bangaskiya* . 

Halin kasancewa a cikin wannan nune-nunen dole ne ya fara da siffofi 4 da ke ratsa tsararraki na labarun almara da fassarar almara.

*River of Faith*, a tribute to the Ganges which is the life force of India, connecting its inhabitants across space and time. In her imagination, the Ganga assumes many forms, embodying both fantasy and reality, fertility and ferocity, origin and annihilation, hope and despair. Her unique stylisation creates a visual language that allows for exciting new modes of perception.

## manazarta
Miriam Hederman O'Brien

**Miriam Hederman O'Brien** (an haife ta ne a ranar 6 ga watan Yuni na shekara ta alif dari tara da talatin da biyu 1932 - 14 Maris 2022) ta kasance lauya ce ta Irish kuma masanin kimiyya, wacce ta rike mukamin Shugaban Jami'ar Limerick da Darakta na Gidauniyar Jami'ar limerick . 

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Miriam Hederman a Naas, County Kildare a ranar 6 ga watan Yuni na shekara ta 1932,  ƙarami cikin 'ya'ya uku na William da Mary Hederman, masu zane-zane a Naas da Newbridge . Tana da 'yan'uwa maza biyu, Mai Shari'a na Kotun Koli da Babban Lauyan Anthony J. Hederman da William Hederman, firist na Vincentian.

Hederman O'Brien ya mutu a gidan kulawa a ranar 14 ga Maris 2022, yana da shekaru 89.

## Haɗin kai

* Trustee, Louvain Development Trust don Cibiyar Harkokin Turai ta Irish 
* Mataimakin Shugaban kasa, Ƙungiyar Binciken Ƙididdiga da Jama'a ta Ireland
* Malamin baƙo, Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziki, Kwalejin Trinity, Dublin
* Malami mai baƙo, harkokin Turai, Kwalejin Jami'ar, Cork 

## Rayuwa ta Mutum
Ta auri William 'Bill' S O'Brien . Suna da 'ya'ya biyar.

## Kyaututtuka da gado
A shekara ta 2013, an ba ta suna 2013 a matsayin mace mafi iko a Ireland.

Kyautar Bincike ta Miriam Hederman O'Brien  ta ba da kyautar Gidauniyar Nazarin Haraji. 

## Manazarta
G. Parameshwara

**Gangadharaiah Parameshwara** (an haife shi 6 Agusta 1951) ɗan siyasan Indiya ne wanda a halin yanzu yake aiki a matsayin Ministan Cikin Gida na Karnataka tun daga 27 ga Mayu 2023. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Babban Ministan Karnataka na bakwai, kuma Shugaban Kwamitin Majalisar Karnataka Pradesh mafi dadewa na tsawon wa'adi biyu.

## Rayuwar baya da karatu
An haifi Parameshwara a ranar 6 ga Agusta 1951, a Gollahalli (yanzu ana kiransa Siddartha Nagar) a Tumkur. An haife shi ga Gangamalamma Chikkanna da Tsohon MLC H.M. Gangadharaiah. Gangadharaiah ya fito ne daga kauyen Hebbalalu a Amruthuru hobli na Kunigal taluk, a yanzu a Magadi taluk a gundumar Ramanagara, kafin ya koma kauyen Gangamalamma da ke kauyen Gollahalli a cikin karkarar Tumakuru, Parameshwara shi ne dan uwa na uku bayan babban yaya Dokta G. Shivaprasad.

Ya yi karatun firamare a makarantar gwamnati da ke Gollahalli (Siddartha Nagara) da Heggere, Tumkur. Ya tafi makarantar sakandare ta Sri Siddhartha a Siddarta Nagar, wadda mahaifinsa ya kafa a 1959. Ya shiga Kwalejin Gwamnati da ke Tumkur, sannan ya ci gaba da karatun digiri na biyu (B.Sc). a fannin noma a Jami'ar Kimiyyar Noma, Bangalore, sai kuma M.Sc. a fannin noma a kwalejin. Bayan kammala karatun digiri, Parameshwara ya ɗan yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Bincike a Sashen Kimiyyar Jiki a Jami'ar Kimiyyar Noma, Bangalore. Daga baya, Parameshwara ya tafi ƙasashen waje kuma ya sami digiri na PhD daga Cibiyar Nazarin Aikin Noma ta Waite, Jami'ar Adelaide a cikin Kimiyyar Halitta.

## Aiki
Parameshwara Jami'in Gudanarwa ne a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Sri Siddhartha (SSIT Tumkur) lokacin da ya dawo daga Ostiraliya. Kafin wannan, Parameshwara ya ɗan yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki na Bincike a Sashen Kimiyyar Jiki a UAS, Bangalore.

A tsakiyar 1988, ya taimaki mahaifinsa ya kafa Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Sri Siddhartha, Asibiti & Cibiyar Bincike, wanda Majalisar Kiwon Lafiya ta Indiya & Gwamnatin Ramakrishna Hegde ta ƙi a baya amma Jami'ar Bangalore ta amince kuma daga baya Kotun Koli ta Indiya ta ba da izinin sanya takunkumi ga Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Sri Siddhartha.

A cikin 1989, don ƙaddamar da Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Sri Siddhartha, Parameshwara tare da Ministan Ilimi S. M. Yahya da Mallikarjun Kharge wanda a lokacin shine Shugaban kungiyar Ilimi ta Sri Siddhartha, ya ci gaba da gayyatar Firayim Minista Rajiv Gandhi, lokacin da Parameshwara ya tafi karo na uku tare da S.M. Rajivwara ya gaya wa Firayim Minista Gandhi don shiga siyasa kuma ya gaya wa Firayim Minista Gandhi Gandhi don shiga siyasa. Daga karshe S. M. Yahya ya dauki Parameshwara zuwa babbar sakatariyar AICC na lokacin Mohsina Kidwai kuma ya sanya shi babban sakataren kwamitin Karnataka Pradesh Congress.

## Manazarta
Breda O'Brien

**Breda O'Brien** (an haife ta a shekara ta alif dari tara da sittin da biyu 1962) malamar Irish ce kuma marubuci, tana rubuta wani shafi na mako-mako ga The Irish Times . O'Brien mai magana ce akai-akai ga ra'ayoyin Katolika game da batutuwan siyasa kamar adawa da zubar da ciki da auren jinsi guda. Ta kafa reshen Irish na Feminists for Life a shekara ta alif dari tara da casa'in da biyu 1992. 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haife shi a Dungarvan, County Waterford, O'Brien ya sami ilimi a Convent of Mercy, Dungarvan kuma daga baya a Cibiyar Ilimi ta Mater Dei, Dublin, ya cancanci zama malami.

## Ayyuka
O'Brien ya koyar da Turanci da Addini, a Kwalejin Muckross Park, makarantar 'yan mata ta Katolika, tsakanin shekara ta alif dari tara da tamanin da uku 1983 da shekara ta alif dari tara da tamanin da bakwai 1987. Daga baya ta koma wannan mukamin a Shekara Mai alif dari tara da casa'in da biyu 1992, kuma ta kasance a can tun lokacin. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai samar da bidiyo da mai horar da sadarwa a Cibiyar Sadarwar Katolika (wanda Taron Bishops na Katolika na Irish ya kafa), Booterstown, Dublin daga shekara ta alif dari tara da tamanin da takwas 1988 zuwa shekara ta alif dari tara da casin da ɗaya 1991. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai bincike ga RTÉ daga shekara ta alif dari tara da casa'in da ɗaya 1991 zuwa shekara ta alif dari tara da casa'in da biyu 1992. Ayyukanta a matsayin marubuciya ta fara ne tare da The Sunday Business Post daga 1997 zuwa 2000 kuma ta ci gaba da The Irish Times . 

O'Brien mai kula da Cibiyar Iona ce, ƙungiyar matsa lamba ta Katolika mai ra'ayin mazan jiya,  kuma tana bayyana a kai a kai a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na Irish a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa, tana tallafawa koyarwar Cocin Katolika.

A cikin sashin Irish Times, ta nuna adawarta da zubar da ciki a kowane yanayi, gami da fyade, jima'i da mummunar matsalar jariri,  da kuma auren jinsi guda. 

Matsayinta game da haɗin gwiwar farar hula ya canza. Da farko ta yi adawa da su a cikin shekara ta 2008,  da 2010  ta hanyar 2015, a cikin gudu zuwa raba gardama na daidaito na auren Irish, ta yi iƙirarin tallafa musu.

O'Brien, tare da sauran mambobin Cibiyar Iona sun dauki matakin shari'a a kan RTE da Panti Bliss saboda an lakafta su a matsayin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi don kamfen akan daidaiton aure. Wannan shi ne abin da ya sa Panti ya yi jawabin Noble Call.

Tana da aure, kuma tana da 'ya'ya hudu da suka yi karatu a gida.

## Dubi kuma

* Patricia Casey
* David Quinn
* John Waters
* Iona Institute
* Abortion in the Republic of Ireland
* LGBT rights in the Republic of Ireland

## Manazarta
Gangadevi

**Gangadevi**, wanda aka fi sani da **Gangambika**, yarima ce ta ƙarni na 14 kuma mawakiya a  yaren Sanskrit na Daular Vijayanagara ta kasar  Indiya .

## Rayuwa da aiki
Gangadevi matar Veerakamparaya ce, ɗan sarki na Vijayanagara Bukka Raya I (c. 1360s-1370s). 

Gangadevi ta ba da labarin nasarar mijinta a kan Musulmai Turko-Persian na Madurai Sultanate a cikin wannan waka,  wanda ya ƙunshi surori tara kuma an kira shi *Madhura Vijayam*, wanda aka fi sani da *Veerakamparaya Charitram*.   Bayan gano takardun, Sri Krishnamacharya na Srirangam ya buga wani nau'in Tamil. Jami'ar Annamalai ta buga fassarar Turanci a cikin 1950. Baya ga rubuce-rubuce, ta kuma yi yaƙi da mijinta kuma ta yi wa wasu mata wahayi.

## Tasiri
Gangadevi shine babban wahayi ga Pampa Kampana, mai gabatarwa na littafin Salman Rushdie Victory City . 

## Manazarta
Marula (mai waka)

**Marula** (IAST: Mārulā; fl.  an haifeta a karni na 13 ko baya) mawakiya  ne na harshen Sanskrit daga  kasar Indiya. An haɗa ayoyinta a cikin litattafan Sanskrit na farko, gami da *Paddhati* na Sharngadhara da *Suktimuktavali* na Jalhana .

## Ranar
An haɗa ayoyin Marula a cikin litattafan Sanskrit kamar su Jalhana's *Suktimuktavali* (karni na 13) da Sharngadhara's *Paddhati* (karni nke 14). Don haka, dole ne ta rayu a karni na 13 ko a baya, kodayake ainihin lokacinta ba tabbatacce ba ne.

Dole ne ta kasance sanannen mawaki na zamaninta, don aya da aka danganta ga Dhanadadevas a cikin Sharngadhara's *Paddhati* sunanta daga cikin sanannun mawaƙa mata huɗu: 

## Misalai Ayoyi
Biyar ne kawai daga cikin ayoyin Marula suka wanzu yanzu. Aya mai zuwa game da wata mace ce da ta rabu da ƙaunatacciyarta: 
 

## manazarta
Bougatsa

**Bougatsa** (Girkanci: μπουγάτσα ) abinci ne na karin kumallo na Girka (mai daɗi ko mai daɗi),ko abincin rana na tsakar rana.  Bougatsa yana da nau'o'i dayawa tare da cika kansu, tare da mafi mashahuri *bougatsa krema* (bougatsa cream) wanda ke da cikawa da akayi amfani dashi azaman abinci mai dadi da kayan zaki.

## Manazarta
Kue

**Kue** kayan lambu ne masu dadin ɗanɗano ko kayan zaki da suka samo asali daga abin da ke yanzu Indonesia amma tun daga lokacin sun bazu a duk yankin Kudu maso gabashin Asiya. *Kue* kalma ce mai faɗi a cikin Indonesian don bayyana nau'ikan kayan lambu iri-iri ciki har da kek, kukis,fritters,pies, scones,da kuma patisserie. *Kue* ana yin sune daga sinadaran iri-iri acikin siffofi daban-daban; wasu ana tururi, soya ko yin burodi. Sune sanannun abincin dare a Indonesia,wanda ke da mafi yawan nau'ikan kue. 

Kue na Indonesiya suna nuna kayan abinci na gida, tasirin Sinanci da Indiya,da *Kowa* tasirin cake da cake na Turai. Misali, *Wajik*, *[./&#x3C;i&#x20;id=][./Red_tortoise_&#x3C;i&#x20;id=]cake*" id="mwOw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Red tortoise cake">Ku_bugis" id="mwLw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kue bugis">Kwa bugis, *klepon*, *Nagasari*, *getuk*, da *lupis* sun fito ne daga asalin ƙasar*; yayin da bakpia* da kue ku sun fito ne na asalin Peranakan na kasar Sin, kue putu ya samo asali ne daga puttu na Indiya; a gefe guda, *lapis legit*, kue cubit, *kastengel*, *risoles* da pastel suna da tasirin Turai.

## Manazarta
Kum-Kum Bhavnani

**Kum-Kum Bhavnani** farfesa ce a jami'a, mai shirya fina-finai, kuma marubuciya. A shekara ta 2018, ita ce farfesa a fannin zamantakewa kuma Farfesa mai daraja tare da Nazarin Mata da Nazarin Duniya da na Duniya a Jami'ar California, Santa Barbara,  inda take shugabar shirin hadin gwiwa a ƙungiyar Mata, Al'adu, Ci gaba. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban (2019-20) na Majalisar Dattijan Ilimi ta Jami'ar California . 

A shekara ta 2006, Bhavnani ta fara gabatar da fim na farko, The Shape of Water,  bisa ga bincikenta a Senegal, Brazil, Indiya, da Urushalima. Susan Sarandon ce ta ba da labarin. Bhavnani ya fara Nothing Like Chocolate a cikin 2012, da kuma *Lutah* a cikin 2014. Bhavnani shine wanda ya kafa kuma darektan Mirror Hammer Films .

## Tarihi da ilimi
An haife ta a Indiya kuma ta tashi a Landan, Bhavnani ta kammala karatun digiri na farko, digiri na biyu. (Hons.) in Psychology a Jami'ar Bristol [ana buƙatar hujja][ abubuwan da ake bukata ] . Ta kammala MA a Child and Educational Psychology a Jami'ar Nottingham . Ta Ph.D. (1983-1987) an ba shi a cikin 1988 ta Jami'ar Cambridge ( King's College ). Ta zo Jami'ar California Santa Barbara a 1991 An haife ta a Indiya kuma ta tashi a Landan, Bhavnani ta kammala karatun digiri na farko, digiri na biyu. (Hons.) in Psychology a Jami'ar Bristol [ana buƙatar hujja][ abubuwan da ake bukata ] . Ta kammala MA a Child and Educational Psychology a Jami'ar Nottingham . Ta Ph.D. (1983-1987) an ba ta a cikin 1988 ta Jami'ar Cambridge ( King's College ). Ta zo Jami'ar California Santa Barbara a 1991.

## Littattafai
Littattafan Bhavnani da kundin da aka shirya sun haɗa da Talking Politics (Cambridge University Press),  Feminism da 'Race' (Oxford University Press),  Feminist Futures (Zed Press),  da On the Edges of Development (Routledge).  Ta kuma kasance edita ta farko ga Meridians: mata, tseren, transnationalism daga 2000-2002 a Kwalejin Smith, Massachusetts.

## Hotunan fina-finai

## Manazarta
Jamila Bey

**Jamila Bey** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1976) 'yar jaridar Amurka ce kuma mai magana da jama'a. Ta kasance mai karɓar bakuncin shirin rediyo na mako-mako The Sex, Politics And Religion Hour: SPAR Tare da Jamila a kan Muryar Rasha,  kuma tana rubutu ga shafin yanar gizon Washington Post, She the People.  Kafin ta yi aiki ga Washington Post da Muryar Rasha, Bey ya shafe kusan shekaru goma yana aiki a matsayin furodusa da edita ga Rediyon Jama'a na Kasa, gami da Morning Edition . Ita 'yar Afirka ce.

Bey kuma mai musun wanzuwar Allah ce,  wacce ta bayyana a fili cewa ta yi imanin cewa addini yana da lahani ga 'yan Afirka na Afirka, yana ba da shawarar cewa addini dukansu sun ba da gudummawa ga bautar jiki na' yan Afirka na Afirka na Afirka.  Ta ki amincewa da halin da ake ciki na Yunkurin kare hakkin bil'adama a matsayin na addini, tana mai cewa kodayake majami'u suna da hannu sosai a cikin yunkurin, "mutane sun yi duk aikin. "  Yaƙin neman zaɓe na 2012 da 'yan Afirka na Humanism sun sanya allon talla da ke nuna Bey da sauran masu gwagwarmaya da masu shirya zamani tare da shahararrun' yan Afirka na tarihi Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes, da Frederick Douglass. 

A shekara ta 2015 Bey ta zama mai fafutukar kare ra'ayin Allah na farko da ta yi jawabi a taron shekara-shekara na Conservative Political Action Conference.

## Manazarta
Cardiff Castle

**Cardiff Castle** (da Turanci: *Cardiff Castle*) wani katafaren ginin tarihi ne da ke tsakiyar birnin Cardiff, babban birnin Wales. Wannan gini yana da tarihin da ya haɗa da zamanin Romawa, Daular Norman, da kuma zamanin Gothic Revival.  

## Tarihi

### Zamanin Romawa
Asalin Cardiff Castle ya samo tushe ne daga zamanin sojojin Rumawa a karni na 1 bayan haihuwar Annabi Isa (A.S.). A wannan lokaci, Romawa sun gina sansanin soja domin kare yankin daga hare-haren kabilu na Celtic. Wani yanki na ganuwar Romawa har yanzu yana nan.

### Daular Norman
Bayan da Normans suka mamaye Ingila da Wales a 1066, wani babban shugaban Norman, Robert Fitzhamon, ya gina wata hasumiya mai kyau a kan sansanin Romawa. An ƙarfafa wannan hasumiya da duwatsu, kuma an yi mata katanga mai ƙarfi domin kare yankin daga farmaki.

### Zamanin Gidauniyar Bute
A karni na 19, Marquess na Bute (John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute) ya sake gina Cardiff Castle bisa sabon salon zamani. Ya yi amfani da shahararren mai zanen gine-gine William Burges don ƙawata fadar da kayan ado na zamani. Saboda haka, Cardiff Castle ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan gine-ginen tarihi masu kyau a Wales.

## Abubuwan Da Ake Iya Gani A Cardiff Castle

**Hasumiyar Norman** – Wani tsohon gini da ke saman tsauni a tsakiyar fadar.  

**Fadar zamani** – Wani kyakkyawan gini da aka kawata da zane-zane na addini da tatsuniyoyi.  

**Gidan tarihi** – Wurin da ke nuna tarihin Cardiff Castle daga zamanin Romawa har zuwa yau.  

**Ganuwar Romawa** – Ragowar ganuwar da sojojin Romawa suka gina.  

**Gidan sirri (Secret Wartime Bunkers)** – Wuraren ɓoyewa da aka yi amfani da su a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.  

## Muhimmanci
Cardiff Castle yana daga cikin manyan wuraren yawon buɗe ido a Wales. A kowace shekara, dubban masu yawon shakatawa daga sassa daban-daban na duniya suna zuwa domin ziyartar wannan katafaren gini. Ana amfani da Cardiff Castle wajen shirya taruka, bukukuwa, da yawon shakatawa na musamman.  

## Yawon Buɗe Ido
A yau, ana iya ziyartar Cardiff Castle a kowace rana. Masu yawon buɗe ido na iya bincika hasumiyar Norman, gidan sirri na yaƙin duniya, da kuma fadar zamani. Hakanan ana yin wasu taruka na musamman kamar bikin al’adun Welsh da kuma baje kolin kayan tarihi.  

## Manazarta
  

## Hanyoyin waje
* Cardiff Castle - Gidan yanar gizo na hukuma  
* Cardiff Castle a Wikipedia Turanci
Masallacin Sayyid Jamaluddin

**Masallacin Sayed Jamaluddin** ( Bengali   ; Arabic   ) tsohon masallaci ne kuma wurin binciken kayan tarihi, yanzu ya zama kango, wanda ke cikin tsohon birnin Saptagram a gundumar Hooghly, West Bengal . An gina Masallacin ne a zamanin Sarkin Bengal Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah .  Tsarin wani abin tunawa ne na Muhimmancin Ƙasa . 

## Tarihi
Tambarin harsashin dutse da aka makala a masallacin ya bayyana cewa Sayed Jamaluddin dan Sayed Fakhruddin na Amol ne ya gina shi a zamanin Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah . Kwanan da aka ambata a cikin rubutun shine Ramadan AH 936 (1529/1530 CE , a watan Mayu. A cikin ginin masallacin akwai kaburbura guda uku, na Sayed Fakhruddin, da matarsa, da eunun sa.

## Gine-gine
Masallaci ne na musamman da aka gina bulo wanda aka yi masa ado da kayan ado na terracotta . Yana wakiltar abubuwan terracotta na gine-ginen Indo-Islam na Bengal .  Akwai kaburbura guda uku a harabar masallacin.

A halin yanzu  Masallacin da ya lalace yana karkashin kulawar Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).   

## Hotuna

Fayil:Syed_Jalamuddin_Mosque,_Adisaptagram_1.jpg|alt=Signboard| Alamar sa hannu
Fayil:Sayed_Jamaluddin_Mosque_in_Adi_Saptagram_06.jpg|alt=Entrance| Shigarwa
Fayil:Stone_Plaque_inscribed_with_Arabic_scriptures_at_Sayed_Jamaluddin_Mosque_in_Saptagram.jpg|alt=Inscription| Rubutun
Fayil:Sayyid_Jamaluddin_Mosque_in_Adisaptagram_03.jpg| Pillars
Fayil:Sayed_Jamaluddin_Mosque_terracota_work,_Saptagram02.jpg|alt=Terracotta work| Terracotta aiki
Fayil:Sayed_Jamaluddin_Mosque_terracota_work,_Saptagram01.jpg|alt=Terracotta work| Terracotta aiki


## Magana
Gush Katif Museum

**Gush Katif Museum** (Hebrew|מוזיאון גוש קטיף) wani gidan tarihi ne dake birnin Jerusalem, Isra'ila . An kafa gidan tarihin ne a watan Agustan 2008 kuma yana nazarin matsugunan Yahudawa a zirin Gaza tun daga daular Hasmon zuwa zamani. Wannan ya hada da nazarin matsugunan yahudawa a zirin Gaza wanda aka kafa bayan yakin kwanaki shida a shekarar 1967, ya wanzu har zuwa shekara ta 2005. 

Gidan kayan gargajiya yana cikin unguwar Nachlaot a Urushalima, kusa da Kasuwar Mahane Juda .

Daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa gidan tarihin shine Shalom Dov Wolpo, wanda aka tuhume shi da "bayar da cin hancin sojoji don ƙin fitar da sansanonin da aka haramta a Yammacin Kogin Jordan ."  

Manufar gidan kayan gargajiya, a cewar masu gudanar da ayyukansa, ita ce "haɓaka tunanin tunawa, adanawa da kuma gaisuwa ga kasuwancin matsugunan Yahudawa a zirin Gaza, da kuma kula da wayar da kan jama'a na ƙasa don tunawa da ƙaura daga ƙauyukan Gush Katif da arewacin Samariya, a matsayin wani ɓangare na abin da ake kira " shirin kawar da kai  .

Gidan kayan gargajiya yana da fuka-fuki 8: gabatarwa, sasantawa daga 67, reshen orange, reshe na baki, gaba, zauren fim, ɗakin karatu da filin nuni.

Kungiyar "Gush Katif Private Museum in Jerusalem" ce ta kafa gidan tarihin, wanda burinsu shine " Tuna da matsugunan Gush Katif".  Ana ɗaukar ƙungiyar a matsayin mai bin gaskiya a siyasar Isra'ila. Mafi yawan al'ummar Isra'ila tsawon shekaru ba sa ganin mamayar Gaza a matsayin manufa mai kyau ko ta hakika. 

Bayan fara yakin Isra'ila da Hamas a ranar 7 ga Oktoba, 2023, jagoran gidan kayan gargajiya Oded Mizrahi ya ruwaito cewa gidan kayan gargajiya ya sami karuwar baƙi, da kuma "sha'awa daga jaridu na duniya." 

## Magana
Lorna Smith Benjamin

**Lorna Smith Benjamin** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1934) masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam ce ta Amurka wadda aka fi sani da maganin da ta yi wa marasa lafiya da ke fama da rikicewar mutuntaka waɗanda ba su amsa maganin gargajiya ko magunguna ba.

## Ilimi
Ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam daga Kwalejin Oberlin a Ohio, da kuma digiri na biyu da Ph.D. daga Jami'ar Wisconsin, inda ta yi karatu a karkashin Harry Harlow, tana aiki tare da jarirai a cikin sanannen gwaje-gwajen "mahaifiyar waya".

## Ayyuka
Benjamin ta yi aiki a matsayin masaniyar ilimin halayyar dan adam a Wisconsin da Utah. Ta koyar a Jami'ar Wisconsin Medical School daga 1971 zuwa 1986 kuma ta kasance farfesa a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam a Jami'an Utah daga 1988 har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 2012.

A shekara ta 1968 ta fara aiki a kan Tsarin Nazarin Halin Jama'a (SASB), hanyar da ta kirkira don rarraba rikice-rikice na mutum. Asalin da aka ɗauka a matsayin kayan aiki don nazarin halayyar dabbobi, an yi amfani da SASB don fahimtar rikice-rikicen mutum lokacin da aka fara bayyana su a cikin Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders a cikin 1980.  SASB ta bayyana dangantakar ɗan adam kamar yadda ta dace da gatari biyu: "ƙauna-ƙiyayya," da "rashin bambanci," tare da ƙarin girman "mahimmanci. " Benjamin ta sami digiri na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Umeå, Sweden, don aikinta tare da SASB.

Bayan shekaru da yawa na aiki a kan samfurin SASB, Benjamin ya haɓaka Interpersonal Reconstructive Therapy (IRT), bisa ga SASB. Maimakon mayar da hankali kan inganta alamun bayyanar cututtuka (sai dai a cikin yanayin rikici), IRT tana mai da hankali kan gano alamu da ke haifar da halin rashin dacewa da mai haƙuri da kuma jagorantar su zuwa ga samar da sababbin alamu masu lafiya. Ana amfani da SASB don taimakawa marasa lafiya wajen fahimtar matsalolin da ke cikin dangantakarsu, da kuma taimaka musu suyi tunanin hanyar da inganta dangantakar za ta ɗauka.

Benjamin shine wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Kula da Magunguna ta Interpersonal a Cibiyar Nazarin Neuropsychiatric ta Jami'ar Utah.

## Ayyuka

* *Binciken Mutum da Magani da Cututtukan Mutum* (1996, The Guilford Press) 
* *Magungunan sake ginawa na mutum*.  (2003, The Guilford Press) 
* Magungunan sake ginawa na mutum don fushi, damuwa da baƙin ciki (2018, The Guilford Press) 

## Duba kuma

* Tsakanin mutane da mutane

## Manazarta
Camilla Benbow

**Camilla Persson Benbow** 'yar asalin Sweden ce (Scania)   masaniyar ilimin halayyar dan adam ce ta Amurka kuma farfesa a jami'a. Tana nazarin ilimin ɗalibai masu basira.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Camilla Benbow ita ce Patricia da Rodes Hart Dean na Ilimi da Ci gaban Dan Adam a Kwalejin Peabody ta Jami'ar Vanderbilt . Ita masaniyar ilimin halayyar dan adam ce wacce ta mai da hankali kan ilimin matasa masu basira. Benbow shine co-direkta (tare da David Lubinski) na Nazarin Matasa Masu Girma (SMPY), binciken da ke nazarin ci gaban mutane sama da 5,000 a tsawon rayuwarsu. Sha'awarta tana mai da hankali kan gano ilimin da ya fi tasiri ga bunkasa basirar ilimi a kimiyya, fasaha, injiniya, da lissafi.

Benbow ta sami karatun digiri na farko da digiri a Jami'ar Johns Hopkins, gami da Ed.D., tare da bambanci, a cikin 1981. Ta zama mataimakiyar masanin kimiyya a Jami'ar Johns Hopkins a 1981. A shekara ta 1986, Jami'ar Jihar Iowa ta nada ta Mataimakin Farfesa na Psychology wanda ya inganta ta cikin sauri zuwa cikakken farfesa a shekarar 1990, shugaban sashen a shekarar 1992, da kuma Babban Farfesa a shekarar 1995. An nada ta a matsayin Mataimakin Dean na Ilimi a Jihar Iowa a shekarar 1996. A Jihar Iowa ta kuma ba da umarnin shirye-shiryen koleji ga ɗalibai masu basira da basira.

Benbow memba ce ta Ƙungiyar Psychological ta Amirka da Ƙungiyar Psychology ta Amirka, ta Saƙo lambar yabo ta ƙwararru daga Ƙungiyar Ƙasa don Yara Masu Kyau, kuma a cikin 2004 Kyautar Rayuwa ta Gidauniyar Mensa Education da Bincike. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2006, an nada ta a cikin Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Lissafi na Kasa. Ta kuma yi aiki a Hukumar Kimiyya ta Kasa, wacce ke kula da Gidauniyar Kimiyya ta Duniya.

Benbow ta fassara wasu daga cikin bayanan bincikenta don nuna cewa akwai bambance-bambance tsakanin samari da mata a cikin iyawarsu don lissafi mafi girma da fannoni na ƙoƙari waɗanda suka dogara da lissafi, kamar injiniya da kimiyyar jiki. Wadannan mukamai sun hadu da wasu jayayya daga kungiyoyin mata.

### Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya don Binciken Lantarki
Benbow memba ne na dogon lokaci na International Society for Intelligence Research tare da mijinta David Lubinski . Dukansu sun sami lambar yabo ta Society's Lifetime Achievement Award a shekarar 2019.

## Littattafai
Benbow ya shirya, ya rubuta ko kuma ya hada hannu da littattafai 2, surori da yawa na littattafai, sake dubawa da kuma labarai sama da 100 a cikin mujallu na ilimi.

### Littattafai

* [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga Ibrananci. (1996). *Kwarewar hankali: Batutuwan Psychometric da zamantakewa.* Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
* [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga Ibrananci da aka yi amfani da shi. (1983). *Farkon ilimi: Abubuwan da suka shafi ci gabanta.* Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

### Zaɓuɓɓukan labarai

* 

## Manazarta
Masallacin Sinan Pasha (Prizren)

**Masallacin Sinan Pasha** wani masallaci ne na zamanin Ottoman a birnin Prizren na kasar Kosovo wanda pasha Sofi Sinan Albaniya ya gina a shekara ta 1615.  Masallacin yana kallon babban titin Prizren kuma wani abu ne da ya mamaye sararin samaniyar garin. 

## Tarihi
Sofi Sinan Pasha  ya fara gina masallacin a shekara ta 1600 ko 1608.  Sofi Sinan Pasha, ɗan Albaniya kuma tsohon beylerbey da kaymakam a Bosnia bai kamata ya ruɗe da babban vizier Sinan Pasha, wanda ya gina Masallacin Sinan Pasha a birnin Kaçanik na kusa. 

An yi la'akari da cewa duwatsun da aka yi amfani da su wajen gina masallacin an dauke su ne daga gidan Mala'iku masu tsarki da ke kusa.   Hasali ma, ana iya ganin wasu sassa na tsohon gidan sufi a cikin masallacin.  Gidan ibadar, wanda aka yi watsi da shi bayan zuwan daular Usmaniyya a karni na 16, ya ruguje a karni na 17. Hasan Kaleshi, masanin tarihin Albaniya, ya ci gaba a cikin 1972 cewa Sofi Sinan Pasha ba zai iya ba da umarnin rusa sufi ba saboda wannan ba zai yiwu ba ba tare da dokar Sultan ba, maimakon haka, ya ba da umarnin yin amfani da duwatsun da aka ajiye don yin aiki mafi kyau kamar yadda Sultan ya umarta. 

Jamhuriyar Sabiya ta ayyana Masallacin Sinan Pasha a Matsayin Al'adu na Musamman Mahimmanci a cikin 1990. 

## Bayani

Masallacin ya kunshi kusan  da  kuma yana da siffar murabba'i. Yana da babban kubba guda ɗaya da wata ƙaramar rabin kubba da ke rufe mihrab, wanda aka zana kuma yana da kaho mai stalactite. Bangon masallacin ya kai  mai kauri da minaret, wanda ke saman da wani tsari na juzu'in da gubar ke lullube shi, yana da  a tsayi. 

An zana bangon bango da kubbar da ke cikin masallacin Sinan Pasha a karni na 19, akasarinsu na salon furanni da ayoyin Alkur'ani . An yi fentin minbar da dalilai na fure. Duk babban kubba da rabin kubba na masallacin an lullube shi da gubar. Kasan dutsen masallacin da na kafinta na asali ne. 

## Damuwar adanawa
Ruwan sama da ya shiga masallacin ta ramukan rufin masallacin, ya yi sanadin asarar wasu zane-zane na asali da aka yi a jikin bangon, kuma ya kai ga cire wasu filastar bangon. Duwatsun facade sun fuskanci yanayi. 

Abdullah Gërguri worked on a series of repairs of the murals, particularly in the 1970s.

A farkon 2000 an kiyasta kudin da za a sake gyara ginin a Yuro 500,000 ta UNESCO . 

## Rubutun rubuce-rubuce da amfani da jayayya na gini
Karamar hukumar Prizren ta yi niyyar gina dakin karatu a cikin masallacin domin adana ba kawai na asali rubuce-rubucen Ottoman da aka samu a cikin masallacin ba, har ma da wasu masu daraja da ake iya samu a duk fadin Kosovo. Sai dai kungiyar Islama ta Kosovo ta shigar da kara a kan karamar hukumar Prizren domin hana masallacin ya zama gidan tarihi, a maimakon haka ya ci gaba da zama ginin addini.

## Magana
Vikatanitamba

Vikatanitamba (an haife ta kafin karni na 9) mace ce mai suna Sanskrit, an san ta da sauƙi da kyau, sau da yawa tare da abubuwan lalata.

## Asalin
Sunan vikaTa*nitamba* yana nufin wanda ke da mummunar buttocks (vikaTa = mummunan, nitamba = buttock) - kuma ya bayyana kansa a cikin ɗaya daga cikin ayoyinta. Irin waɗannan sunayen sun zama ruwan dare ga mawaƙan mata a zamanin gargajiya (misali *jaghanachapala* - cinya mai sauri).

## Waƙoƙi
Aya ta zo mana daga litattafai da yawa - *Sarngadhara Paddhati* . wanda Sarangadhara ya tattara, 1363 AD) SubhAshita ratna koSha (a.k.a. *Kavindravachana samuchhaya*), wanda Vidyakara ya tattara shi, karni na 12, *Saduktikarnamrita*, *SubhasitAvali*.

An san ayoyinta saboda nunawa, kuma suna magana akai-akai game da jigogi masu ban sha'awa daga shringara rasa. A matsayin misali, a nan ne waka, "Recollection" (tr. Octavio Paz) 

: A gefen gado
: maɗaurin ya ɓace da kansa,
: kuma da wuya a riƙe da sash
: rigar ta zame a wuyana.
: Abokina, duk abin da na sani ne: Na kasance a hannunsa
: kuma ban iya tuna wanene wanene
: ko abin da muka yi ko kuma yadda 

## Godiya gaisuwa
Waƙoƙi kamar su Rājaśekhara sun yaba da ayoyinta saboda sauƙi da ladabi, kuma an nakalto ta a cikin matani game da salon wallafe-wallafen, kamar *dhvanyaloka* na Anandavardhana (karni na 9), *Kāvyālaṁkarashekhara*, *Vyāktiviveka*, da sauransu.

## Rayuwa
Wata aya da aka nakalto a cikin Bhojadeva's *sringara prakAsha* (haske kan soyayya, c. 1000 AD), an ba da ita kamar yadda wata abokiyar mace (*Sakhi*) ta vikaTanitamba ke magana:

: pritah kale vadati sabhAsham
: tadviparitam sasya hiraNye
: lumpati chashtre ram va sham va
: tasmai datta vikatanitamba

An fassara shi kamar - mutumin da ba shi da ilimi kuma wawa, wanda ba zai iya rubuta haɗin haɗin kalmomi kamar *ustra* ba, kuma koyaushe yana rikitar da sibilants. An ba shi vikaTanitamba.

yayin da wasu ke shakkar sahihancin ayar, akwai al'adar cewa watakila gwauruwa ce wacce ta sake yin aure 

## Manazarta
Daular Hussain Shahi

**Daular Hussain Shahi** iyali ce da ta yi mulkin Marigayi Sarkin Musulmi Sunni na Bengal daga 1494 zuwa 1538. 

## Tarihi
Wanda ya kafa daular, Alauddin Husain Shah watakila dan Bengali ne, Sayyid Arab,   ko ma asalin Afghanistan .   Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mafi girma a cikin duk sarakunan Bengal don kawo haɓakar al'adu a lokacin mulkinsa. Wanda aka fi sani da Akbar na Bengal, 'yan Hindu na Bengal sun san Husain Shah da Nripati Tilak da Jagatbhusan. Ya ƙarfafa fassarar littattafan Sanskrit zuwa yaren Bengali kuma ya gina Masallacin Chota Sona . Ya ci Kamrup-Kamata da Orissa kuma ya mika Sarkin Musulmi har zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na Chittagong, wanda ya shaida zuwan 'yan kasuwa na Portugal na farko. Sarakunan ‘yan tawaye sun kashe shi da ake zaton magajinsa, Shahzada Danyal, wanda ya nada a matsayin gwamnan Kamata, a Assam . 

Dan Husain Shah kuma magajinsa, Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah, ya ba da mafaka ga Afganistan a lokacin mamayewar Timurid Warlord Babur, ko da yake ya kasance mai tsaka tsaki a cikin rikici. Mulkin Nasrat Shah yana da wani lokaci na rashin kwanciyar hankali na siyasa kamar yadda ya fuskanci Afganistan da karuwar barazanar Mughal . Yarjejeniyar Nasrat Shah da Babur ta ceci Bengal daga mamayar Mughal, wanda wata shawara ce ta diflomasiyya da aka samu bayan cin nasarar Nasrat Shah a yakin Ghaghra . An kammala ginin Masallacin Baro Shona a zamanin Nasrat Shah, wanda Husaini Shah ne ya kaddamar da shi. An kuma kammala wani sanannen rubutun hannu a zamanin Nasrat Shah, kwafin Iskandar Nama na Nizami .

Sultan na karshe na daular, Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah, wanda ya ci gaba da mulki daga Sonargaon, dole ne ya fuskanci tashin hankalin Afghanistan a kan iyakarsa ta arewa maso yammacin kasar. Daga ƙarshe, 'yan Afganistan a ƙarƙashin daular Sur sun kutsa kai tare da korar babban birnin a shekara ta 1538 inda suka zauna tsawon shekaru da yawa, a jere suka kafa dauloli biyu masu cin gashin kansu ( Muhammad Shahi da Karrani ).  Duk da haka, Bengal Sultanate ya ruguje ba da dadewa ba, bayan sarkin Karrani na ƙarshe, Sultan Daud Khan Karrani ya sha kaye a hannun Mughal sarki Akbar a yakin Rajmahal a 1576,  ya mai da Bengal zuwa ƙungiyar sarakunan da aka sani da Baro-Bhuiyans . Isa Khan daya daga cikin jikokin Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah ne ya mulki wannan sako-sako da kungiyar ta Bengal ta hannun 'yarsa Syeda Momena Khatun . Isa Khan ya jagoranci juriya mai nasara ga fadada Mughal zuwa Bengal tsawon shekaru ashirin masu zuwa.  Daga baya Isa Khan ya samu dansa Musa Khan wanda ya ci gaba da adawa da Mughal har sai da aka tilasta masa mika wuya a lokacin mulkin Jahangir.  Jikansa, Masum Khan, was a mere zamindar . 

## Masu mulki

## Magana
Bhavakadevi

**Bhavakadevi** (IAST: Bhāvaka-devī; fl. an haife shine a karni na 12 ko baya), wanda aka fi sani da **Bhavadevi**, mawaki ne na yaran   Sanskrit na kasar  Indiya ta yanzu. An  rubuta shie cikin litattafan Sanskrit na farko, gami da Vidyakara's *Subhashita-ratna-kosha*,  *Sadukti-karnamrita*, da *Kavindra-vachana-samuchchaya* . 

## Ayoyi
A cikin aya mai zuwa, Bhavakadevi ya yaba da ƙirjin mace ta amfani da hoton siyasa da soja (fassara ta bayyana a cikin Octavio Paz's In Light of India): 
  
Wani aya ta bayyana yadda wata mace ta ji wanda ya yi sanyin gwiwa da ƙaunatacciyarta bayan ta auri shi (fassara ta Daniel H. H. Ingalls):  
 

## Manazarta
Daular Karrani

**Daular Karrani** ( Pashto    , Bengali     An kafa shi a cikin 1564 ta Taj Khan Karrani, ɗan ƙabilar Afganistan daga ƙabilar Karlani, wanda ya fito daga gundumar Bangash .  Ita ce daula ta ƙarshe da ta yi mulkin Sultanate na Bengal .

## Tarihi

### Kafa
Taj Khan tsohon ma'aikaci ne na Sarkin sarakunan Sur Shah Shah Suri . Daga 1562 zuwa 1564, Taj Khan ya kame kudu maso gabashin Bihar da West Bengal, kuma tare da kashe shi na karshe Muhammed Shahi, ya kwace dukan Bengal . Babban birnin ya kasance a Gaur . Taj Khan ya biyo bayan Sulaiman Khan Karrani, wanda ya sauya kujerar gwamnati daga Gaur zuwa Tanda (kuma a Malda ) a 1565. A cikin 1568, Sulaiman Khan ya mamaye Orissa zuwa masarautar Karrani na dindindin. Da sunan shi ya karɓi sarautar Sarkin Mughal Akbar, kuma firayim ministansa Lodi Khan ya ba wa Mughals kyaututtuka da liyafa. Ikon Sulaiman Khan ya miƙe daga Koch Bihar zuwa Puri, kuma daga Kogin Son zuwa Kogin Brahmaputra . 

### Mughal mamayewa
A ranar 25 ga Satumba 1574, Mughal Janar Munim Khan ya kwace babban birnin Karrani Tanda . Yaƙin Tukaroi ya yi yaƙi a ranar 3 ga Maris 1575 ya tilastawa Daud Khan Karrani, sarkin Karrani na ƙarshe, ya janye zuwa Orissa. Yakin ya kai ga yerjejeniyar Katak inda Daud ya ba da bengal da Bihar gaba daya, ya rike Orissa kawai. A ƙarshe yarjejeniyar ta ci tura bayan mutuwar Munim Khan wanda ya mutu yana da shekaru 50 a watan Oktoba 1575.Daud Khan ya yi amfani da damar kuma ya mamaye Bengal, yana bayyana daga Akbar. Harin Mughal a kan masarautar Karrani ya ƙare da yakin Rajmahal a ranar 12 ga Yuli 1576, wanda Mughal Janar Khan Jahan I ya jagoranta. An kashe Daud Khan. Duk da haka, Pashtuns da masu gida da aka fi sani da Baro Bhuyans karkashin jagorancin Isa Khan sun ci gaba da adawa da mamayar Mughal. Daga baya a cikin 1612 a lokacin mulkin Jahangir, Bengal ya kasance cikin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfafa a matsayin lardin Mughal.

## Jerin masu mulki

## Magana
Meg Bateman

**Vivienne Margaret 'Meg' Bateman**' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1959) masaniyan kimiyya ce ta Scotland, mawakiya kuma marubuciyar gajeren labari. An fi saninta da ayyukan da aka rubuta a cikin Gaelic na Scotland; duk da haka, ta kuma buga aikinta a cikin harshen Ingilishi.

## Ilimi da aiki
An haifi Bateman a Edinburgh kuma ya girma a yankin New Town na birnin. Ta yi karatun Celtic a Jami'ar Aberdeen kuma ta kammala digirin digirgir a cikin waƙoƙin addini na Harshen Gaelic na Scotland. Ta koyar da Gaelic na Scotland a Jami'ar Aberdeen tsakanin 1991 da 1998 kafin ta koma Isle of Skye don koyarwa a kwalejin Gaelic, Sabhal Mòr Ostaig .  Ta kuma koyar da Gaelic na Scotland a Jami'ar Edinburgh kuma Babban Malami ne na girmamawa a Jami'an St Andrews . 

An buga tarin waƙoƙin farko na Bateman, Òrain Ghaoil (Love Songs) a cikin 1990  kuma ta biyu, *Aotromachd agus dàin* eilein (Lightness) an buga ta a cikin 1997. Dukkanin tarin farko da na biyu suna mai da hankali kan dangantakar ɗan adam da ra'ayin soyayya. An buga tarin ta na uku, *Soirbheas* (Air Wind) a cikin shekara ta 2007.

A cikin 2011, ɗan gajeren labarin Gaelic na farko da Bateman ya buga, mai taken Chanadh gun d'CLAR i às dha, ya bayyana a cikin tarin gajeren labarin Saorsa wanda CLÀR ta buga.

An buga tarin Transparencies a cikin 2013 kuma ya nuna aikinta na farko da aka buga don samun waƙoƙin Gaelic da Ingilishi na Scotland.

Waƙoƙinta na Gaelic na Scotland sun bayyana a cikin litattafai da yawa, gami da *Sauran Harsuna* (1990) da Ashirin na Mafi Kyawu (1990). Ta kuma fassara waƙoƙi daga Gaelic zuwa Turanci don Anthology of Scottish Women Poets (1991) da The *Harp's Cry* (1993). 

## Manazarta
Aithbhreac Inghean Coirceadal

**Aithbreac Inghean Coirceadal** ( fl. 1470 ) mawaƙiya  ce a Scotland ne na tsaka-tsaki.

A cikin shekara ta 1470, ta rubuta wa mijinta, Niall Òg Mac Nèill, Constable of Castle Sween, Knapdale, wanda shine waƙar farko da aka rubuta a cikin Classic Scottish Gaelic, wanda mace ta rubuta.  An rubuta shi a cikin Classic Bardic meter kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙi guda huɗu kawai da mace ta rubuta a cikin wannan salon. 

## Manazarta
Masallacin Sinan Pasha (Istanbul)

**Masallacin Sinan Pasha** ( Turkish   ) Masallacin Ottoman ne da ke cikin gundumar Beşiktaş mai yawan jama'a a birnin Istanbul na kasar Turkiyya. Masanin Ottoman Mimar Sinan ne ya gina shi don Admiral Sinan Pasha . *Türbe* (kabari) na Barbaros Hayrettin Pasha yana kan titin.

## Tarihi
Sarkin Ottoman Sinan Pasha wanda ya kasance kanin babban wazirin Rüstem Pasha ne ya ba shi kyautar masallacin. Massalacin Masarautar Mimar Sinan ne ya tsara shi. Sinan Pasha ya mutu a shekara ta 1554 kuma ya fara aiki bayan mutuwarsa. Rubutun kafuwar Larabci mai ɗorewa da ke sama da ƙofar masallacin da aka ajiye ya rubuta kwanan watan Nuwamba/Disamba 1555. Rubutun Turkiyya da aka zana a kusa da farar maɓuɓɓugar marmara a tsakar gida ya rubuta kwanan wata a 1555-56. 

## Gine-gine
Madrasa ce ta kewaye gaban masallacin ta gefe uku . Wannan yana da rufin da aka zubar wanda aka goya baya akan gajerun ginshiƙai kuma bashi da aji. A tsakiyar tsakar gidan akwai maɓuɓɓugar ruwan sha mai siffar rectangular. Masallacin an gina shi ne da wasu sassa na ashlar da bulo. Bangaren arewa na masallacin asali yana da falo biyu amma a cikin 1749 an shigar da falon ciki mai dakuna biyar a cikin zauren addu'a. Tsawon 12.6 metres (41 ft) ana goyan bayan dome akan baka shida tare da ramukan hexagonal guda biyu masu kyauta. Asalin fentin kayan ado bai tsira ba. Minbar mai sauƙi an yi shi da farin marmara. Gidan wanka, wanda ya kasance wani ɓangare na kyauta na asali, an rushe shi a cikin 1957.

An kwatanta fasalin Masallacin Sinan Pasha da Masallacin Üç Şerefeli na Edirne na farko wanda ya kasance daga 1437 zuwa 1448. A cikin duka masallatai guda biyu ana goyan bayan kubba a kan baka shida tare da ramuka biyu masu 'yanci.  

## Hotuna

Fayil:Sinan_Pasha_Mosque_1.jpg
Fayil:Sinan_Pasha_Mosque_5939.jpg|alt=Sinan Pasha Mosque exterior from southwest| Masallacin Sinan Pasha na waje daga kudu maso yamma
Fayil:Sinan_Pasha_Mosque,_dome_and_minaret.jpg|alt=Domes and minaret| Domes da minaret
Fayil:Sinan_Pasha_Mosque_5981.jpg|alt=Sinan Pasha Mosque interior| Masallacin Sinan Pasha
Fayil:Sinan_Pasha_Mosque_5985.jpg|alt=Sinan Pasha Mosque interior| Masallacin Sinan Pasha
Fayil:Sinan_Pasha_Mosque_0675.jpg|alt=Sinan Pasha Mosque interior| Masallacin Sinan Pasha


## Manazarta
 

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Sinan Pasha Cami , Archnet
* Hotunan Masallacin Sinan Pasha na Dick Osseman
* girmamawa ga Sinan foundation