Kwalejin Jiragen Sama ta Harbin

**Kwalejin Jiragen Sama ta Harbin** (Sinanci: 哈尔滨飞行学院; pinyin: Hā'ěrbīn Fēixíng Xuéyuàn) makarantar horar da jiragen sama ce a Jamhuriyar Jama'ar China, wacce ke ba da rahoto kai tsaye ga hedikwatar Rundunar Sojojin Sama ta Jama'a (PLAAF).[

Ɗaya daga cikin makarantun jiragen sama uku a PLAAF, Harbin Flight Academy tana cikin Harbin, babban birnin lardin Heilongjiang kuma ita ce kawai cibiyar da ta horar da matukan jirgin sama na sojojin sama na China.

Kwalejin tana gudanar da jiragen sama na Hongdu JL-8, Guizhou JL-9, Chengdu JL-10, da Xian H-6.

## Tarihi
An kafa shi ne a ranar 1 ga watan Disamba na shekarar 1949, watanni bayan kafuwar Jamhuriyar Jama'ar kasar Sin, makarantar horar da jiragen sama ta Harbin ta fara ne a matsayin makarantar sojan bama-bamai ta daya (空军第一轰炸学校) karkashin rundunar sojojin sama ta yankin Shenyang. An sake sanya wa makarantar suna zuwa Makarantar Jiragen Sama ta Sojan Sama a 1976 da Makarantar Sojan Sama ta Farko a 1976, kuma zuwa Kwalejin Jirgin Sama ta Air Force 1st (第一航空学校) a cikin Satumba na 1986, kuma sau ɗaya a cikin 1996 zuwa Kwalejin Jirgin Sama na Air Force 1st. (空军第一航空学院). Kwalejin jirgin sama ta 1 ta fara karbar mata matukan jirgi a 2008. A watan Agusta na shekarar 2011, an sake wa kwalejin suna zuwa Kwalejin Jiragen Sama ta Harbin lokacin da ta haɗu da Kwalejin Jiragen Sama ta 3 (空军第三飞行学院). Haka kuma a shekarar 2011, hedikwatar rassan sojoji guda huɗu ta haɗu kuma ta yanke shawarar haɗa makarantun jirage shida na lokacin na PLAAF zuwa uku a Harbin, Shijiazhuang, da Xi'an. An haɗa Kwalejojin Jiragen Sama na 1 da na 3 zuwa Kwalejin Jiragen Sama ta Harbin, na 4 da na 6 zuwa Kwalejin Jiragen Sama ta Shijiazhuang, sannan na 2 da na 5 zuwa Kwalejin Jiragen Sama ta Xi'an. An nada Kwalejin Jiragen Sama ta Harbin a matsayin rukunin daraktocin daraktocin sojoji.

A shekarar 2017, PLAAF ta canza fassarar sunan ta ta asali ta Turanci daga Kwalejin Jiragen Sama ta Harbin zuwa Kwalejin Jiragen Sama ta Harbin.

## Ƙungiya
A da, Kwalejin Jiragen Sama ta Harbin ta ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na masu horarwa na asali da na ci gaba (初级教练团 da 高级教练团, bi da bi), duk da haka, makarantar ta sauya sheka a shekarar 2012 zuwa ƙungiyoyin horo masu lamba (训练旅) tun daga Brigade na 1 na Horarwa zuwa Brigade na 5 na Horarwa. A ƙasa da kowace ƙungiya akwai ƙungiyoyi uku na jirgin sama (飞行大队) kowannensu yana wakiltar ajin horo (班). Ma'aikatan makarantar an tsara su kamar sashin PLA mai aiki wanda ke kula da sashen ma'aikata, sashen aikin siyasa, da sashen tallafi.[3] Sabanin makarantun sojojin sama na ƙasashen waje, malaman Harbin Flight Academy ba manyan matukan jirgi ba ne, amma maimakon haka sun ƙunshi masu ba da horo na makarantar waɗanda ke ci gaba da zama a makarantar bayan kammala karatunsu don koyarwa.

Ana iya gano jiragen sama da Kwalejin Jiragen Sama ta Harbin ke gudanarwa ta hanyar lambobin wutsiyoyinsu guda huɗu da lambar '1' ke jagoranta, kuma lambar da ke tafe tana isar da sakonnin horo (daga na 1 zuwa na 5). Irin waɗannan lambobin wutsiya waɗanda suka fara da '2' ko '3' suna cikin Kwalejin Jiragen Sama ta Shijiazhuang ko Xi'an, bi da bi.

## Horarwa
Rukunin Horarwa na 2 na makarantar ya ƙunshi matukan jirgin sama masu saukar ungulu. Tun daga zamanin makarantar a matsayin Kwalejin Jiragen Sama ta 1, Rundunar Horarwa ta 2 ta horar da ɗalibanta da jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu na H-5 (kwafin Ilyushin Il-28) har zuwa 2007 lokacin da rundunar ta horar da jiragen sama masu jigilar kaya na Xian Y-7 kawai, wanda hakan ya hana matukan jirgin sama masu saukar ungulu damar yin aiki a kan dandamalin har sai sun isa wurin aikinsu na farko. Horarwa kan jiragen sama na Y-8 ta ci gaba har zuwa Afrilun 2015 lokacin da makarantar ta karɓi sabbin jiragen bama-bamai na H-6K kuma ajin farko da aka horar kan sabbin jiragen H-6K sun kammala karatun shekara guda bayan haka a watan Fabrairun 2016.

Daliban Kwalejin Harbin Flight, kamar na Xi'an da Shijiazhuang Flight Academies, sun riga sun kammala karatunsu daga Jami'ar Air Force Air Aviation tare da digiri na farko kuma za a ba su digiri na biyu bayan kammala karatunsu na Harbin Flight Academy.

A shekarar 2018, makarantar ta gabatar da atisayen yaƙin sama mara izini wanda ke fallasa matukan jirgi ga yanayi mara tsammani wanda ya cika burin da PLAAF ta sanya a 2011. A wannan shekarar, Harbin Flight Academy ta faɗaɗa rajistar matukan jirgi mata don karɓar sabbin mata 38 da suka kammala karatun sakandare. Haka kuma a shekarar 2018, makarantar ta yi ƙanana kanun labarai a Turanci bayan da wani shugaban ƙungiyar da ke tunani a makarantar ya ceci wani mai horo wanda ya kasa jefa gurneti a kan bango na horo.

A shekarar 2020, shekara guda bayan Kwalejin Jiragen Sama ta Shijianzhuang, Harbin Flight Academy ta karɓi jirgin sama na ƙarni na huɗu na JL-10, wanda ya rage gibin fasaha tsakanin mai horar da PLAAF da jiragen sama masu aiki.

A shekarar 2021, ɗaliban horo a Kwalejin Jiragen Sama ta Harbin sun nuna sabon horo mai ƙarancin tsayi a cikin kwaruruka na lardin Liaoning na arewa maso gabashin ƙasar.

## Manazarta