Hukuncin kisa a Norway

**Hukuncin kisa a Norway** (Norwegian) an haramta shi ta hanyar kundin tsarin mulki tun 2014. Kafin wannan, an soke shi gaba ɗaya a 1979, kuma a baya, daga 1905, dokar azabtarwa ta soke hukuncin kisa a lokacin zaman lafiya.

An kashe kisan karshe a lokacin zaman lafiya a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 1876, lokacin da aka fille Kristoffer Nilsen Grindalen a Løten,  amma an kashe mutane 37, galibi Norwegians da Jamus, bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu da shekarun Nazi; daga cikinsu Vidkun Quisling .

## Tarihi

### Amfani da farko
Baya ga laifukan kisa na yau da kullun na kisan kai da cin amana, dokar Norway ta zamani ta bukaci a kashe mutanen da aka same su da laifin maita. A lokacin farautar mayu na ƙarni na 16 da 17, an ƙonewa mutane 300. Kimanin ɗari daga cikinsu sun fito ne daga yankin Vardø. Mata a arewa, musamman a gundumar Finnmark, suna cikin haɗari musamman saboda malamai da hukumomi sun yi imanin cewa shaidan yana zaune a gefen duniya.

Dokar Norway ta Sarki Christian V ta 1687 ta bayyana laifuka masu yawa. Dokar 16 ga Oktoba 1697 ta kara hukuncin wasu kisan kai ta hanyar haɗa azabtarwa tare da kisa. A kan hanyar zuwa wurin kisan gilla za a kama wanda aka yanke masa hukuncin da jan hot tongs, kuma za a yanke hannu kafin a yanke shi.

### Amfani na zamani
A lokacin da Nazi suka mamaye Norway (1940-1945), gwamnatin Vidkun Quisling ta gabatar da hukuncin kisa a watan Satumbar 1942, kuma an fara kisa na farko a cikin jimlar goma sha tara a ranar 16 ga watan Agusta 1943, lokacin da aka kashe jami'in 'yan sanda Gunnar Eilifsen saboda rashin biyayya. Kafin wannan, dokar Jamus ta yi amfani da ita, kuma an riga an kashe 'yan Norway ɗari huɗu.

A shekara ta 1941, majalisar ministocin Nygaardsvold da ke gudun hijira a Landan ta ba da izinin hukuncin kisa bayan yakin, kuma ta faɗaɗa ikonta a shekara ta 1942 don rufe azabtarwa da kisan kai. Cutar da ta biyo bayan mamayar ta haifar da hukuncin kisa 72,  daga cikinsu an kashe mutane 37: 25 Norwegians, 11 Jamus, da Dane daya. 

Kashe-kashen karshe ya faru ne a ranar 27 ga watan Agustan 1948, lokacin da aka sanya Ragnar Skancke a gaban tawagar harbi a Akershus Fortress . 

### Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam
A cikin 1988, Norway ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya ta 6 na Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam wanda ya haramta amfani da hukuncin kisa a lokacin zaman lafiya  kuma ya tabbatar da yarjejeniya ta 13 wacce ta haramta duk amfani da hukuncin mutuwa a cikin shekara ta 2005.  Norway gabaɗaya tana adawa da hukuncin kisa a waje da ƙasar. Gwamnati ta kori Mullah Krekar daga Norway, amma ba ta tura shi zuwa Iraki ba saboda yiwuwar a tuhume shi da laifuka masu yawa a cikin garinsu. A cikin Shari'ar Martine Vik Magnussen, Norway ta ki yin hadin kai da gwamnatin Yemen sai dai idan an ba da tabbacin cewa hukuncin kisa ba zai yiwu ba.

### haramtacciyar doka
An yi gyare-gyare sosai a Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Norway a watan Mayu 2014. Sabon Mataki na 93 a cikin kundin tsarin mulki ya haramta hukuncin kisa a bayyane ("Kowane mutum yana da 'yancin rai. Babu wanda za'a iya yanke masa hukuncin kisa.") tare da azabtarwa, rashin mutunci ko wulakanci, da bautar, kuma ya tilasta gwamnati ta kare daga waɗannan ayyukan.

## Ra'ayin jama'a
Binciken ra'ayi ya nuna cewa kusan 1 cikin 4 Norwegians suna goyon bayan hukuncin kisa, tare da mafi girman goyon baya tsakanin masu jefa kuri'a na Progress Party, daga cikinsu goyon baya, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin kuri'a daga 2010, yana da kashi 51. Kodayake 'yan siyasa na jam'iyyar Progress kamar Ulf Erik Knudsen  da Jan Blomseth  sun nuna goyon baya ga hukuncin kisa don manyan shari'o'in fyade da kisan kai, manufofin jam'iyyar suna adawa da hukuncin kisa. Wani bincike na ra'ayi da aka yi bayan Hare-haren Norway na 2011 ya nuna cewa 'yan adawa da hukuncin kisa sun kasance masu ƙarfi, tare da kashi 16 cikin dari na goyon baya da kashi 68 cikin dari na adawa.

## Manazarta