Margaret Bondfield

**Margaret Grace Bondfield** (17 Maris 1873 - 16 Yuni 1953) 'Yar siyasa ce ta Jam'iyyar Labour ta Burtaniya, mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata. Ta zama ministar majalisar ministoci mace ta farko, kuma mace ta farko da ta zama mai ba da shawara ta sirri a Burtaniya, lokacin da aka nada ta Ministar Kwadago a gwamnatin Labour na 1929-31 . A da ta zama mace ta farko da ta shugabanci Majalisar Tarayyar Kasuwanci (TUC).

An haifi Bondfield a cikin yanayi mai tawali'u kuma ya sami iyakantaccen ilimi. Bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin mai horar da kayan ado ta yi aiki ne a matsayin mataimakiyar shago a Brighton da London. Ta yi mamakin yanayin aiki na ma'aikatan shagon, musamman a cikin tsarin "rayuwa", kuma ta zama memba mai aiki a ƙungiyar ma'aikatan kantin sayar da kayayyaki. Ta fara motsawa a cikin ƙungiyoyin gurguzu, kuma a cikin 1898 an nada ta mataimakin sakatare na Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Kasuwanci, Masu Wuri da Clerks (NAUSAWC). Daga baya ta kasance sananniya a cikin ƙungiyoyin gurguzu na mata da yawa: ta taimaka wajen kafa Kungiyar Kwadago ta Mata (WLL) a cikin 1906, kuma ta kasance shugabar Kungiyar Kwararrun Kwararrun . Ra'ayinta game da 'yancin mata - ta fi son mika kuri'a ga dukkan manya ba tare da la'akari da jinsi ko dukiya ba, maimakon iyakantaccen "a kan sharuddan da maza" da masu fafutukar sufragists ke bi - ya raba ta daga jagorancin masu fafutuka.

Bayan barin mukamin kungiyar a 1908 Bondfield ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatariyar shirya WLL kuma daga baya a matsayin jami'in mata na National Union of General and Municipal Workers (NUGMW). An zabe ta a Majalisar TUC a 1918, kuma ta zama shugabarta a 1923, shekarar da aka fara zabar ta a majalisa. A cikin gwamnatin 'yan tsiraru ta 1924 ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatariyar majalisa a Ma'aikatar Kwadago. Lokacin da ta yi aiki a ofishin ministoci a 1929-31 ya kasance alama ce ta rikice-rikicen tattalin arziki da suka mamaye gwamnatin Labour ta biyu. Shirye-shiryen da take yi na yin la'akari da raguwar fa'idodin rashin aikin yi ya nisanta ta daga yawancin ƙungiyar Labour, kodayake ba ta bi Ramsay MacDonald cikin Gwamnatin Kasa da ta hau mulki ba lokacin da gwamnatin Labour ta fadi a watan Agusta 1931. Bondfield ta ci gaba da aiki a cikin al'amuran NUGMW har zuwa 1938, kuma a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ta gudanar da bincike ga kungiyar mata kan jin dadin jama'a.

## Yaronta da iyali

Margaret Bondfield, wacce aka fi sani da "Maggie",  an haife ta ne a ranar 17 ga Maris 1873 a Chard, Somerset.  Ita ce ta goma cikin yara goma sha ɗaya, kuma ta uku cikin 'ya'ya mata huɗu da William Bondfield da matarsa Ann (née Taylor), 'yar ministan Ikilisiya. William Bondfield ya yi aiki a matsayin mai lacemaker, kuma yana da tarihin gwagwarmayar siyasa. Yayinda yake saurayi ya kasance sakatare na Chard Political Union,  cibiyar tsattsauran ra'ayi ta cikin gida wacce hukumomi a wasu lokuta suka murkushe ta hanyar soja.   Ya kuma kasance mai aiki a cikin Anti-Corn Law League na shekarun 1840.  Cikakken ilimin kansa, ya yi sha'awar kimiyya da injiniya, kuma ya kasance mai tsara na'urar tashi, samfurin jirgin sama na zamani, wanda aka nuna a Babban Nuni 1851. 

Yayinda Margaret ke jariri, William ya rasa aikinsa kuma bai iya samun aiki na yau da kullun ba. Iyalin sun sha wahala, tare da barazanar gidan aiki da tsoro na yau da kullun. Duk da haka, William da Ann sun yi iya kokarinsu don tabbatar da cewa an ilimantar da yaransu kuma an shirya su don rayuwa.[1] Margaret yarinya ce mai basira, wacce ake yawan nuna kwarewarta wajen karanta waka ko kunna waƙoƙin piano a abubuwan da suka faru a gari da kuma tafiye-tafiye na makarantar Lahadi.[2] Har zuwa shekara 13 ta halarci makarantar firamare ta gida; sannan ta yi aiki na shekara guda a matsayin malamin dalibi (an biya ta shillings uku a mako) a sashen yara maza na makarantar.[3] Da yake ba ta da damar yin aiki a cikin gida, ta bar Chard a 1887, tana da shekaru 14, don fara koyo a shagon zane a Hove, kusa da Brighton . [1]

## Farkon aiki

### Ma'aikacin shago

Bondfield ya shiga kasuwancin zane-zane da zane-zane a Church Road, Hove,  inda aka bi da matasa masu koyo a matsayin 'yan uwa. Dangantaka tsakanin kwastomomi da mataimakan sun kasance masu kyau, kuma abubuwan da Bondfield ya tuna daga baya game da wannan lokacin sun kasance masu farin ciki. Ta kammala karatunta, ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki a cikin ɗakunan sayar da tufafi na Brighton, inda ta haɗu da gaskiyar rayuwar ma'aikatan shagon: ma'aikata marasa tausayi, sa'o'i masu tsawo, yanayin rayuwa mai ban tsoro kuma babu sirrin. Bondfield ta ba da rahoton abubuwan da ta samu game da zama a ciki: "Matsananciyar yanayi, yanayin hauka, matalauta da rashin isasshen abinci sune manyan halaye na wannan tsarin, tare da sautin haɗari ... A wasu gidaje duka mugunta na halitta da ba na halitta ba sun sami wurin haifuwa".&nbsp;Ba za mu taɓa cimma wata ƙasa mai gamsarwa ba har sai mun sami amincewar ɗan ƙasa ba tare da la'akari da jinsi ba.

### Manazarta