Marika Sherwood

Marika Sherwood (8 Nuwamba 1937 - 16 Fabrairu 2025) ɗan tarihi ce haifaffen Hungarian, mai bincike, malami kuma marubuci wanda ke zaune a Ingila. Ta kasance mai haɗin gwiwa na Ƙungiyar Nazarin Baƙar fata da Asiya kuma ta kasance mai bincike na farko a cikin tarihin Baƙar fata na Birtaniya.

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Sherwood a ranar 8 ga Nuwamba 1937, a cikin dangin Yahudawa da ke zaune a Budapest, Hungary. Tare da danginta da suka tsira (da yawa sun mutu a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu), ta yi hijira a cikin 1948 zuwa Sydney, Ostiraliya, inda ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta 'yan mata ta Arewacin Sydney har zuwa 1954. A cikin 1955, ta auri Ronald Troy, wanda ta haifi ɗa, Craig, tare da shi kafin su sake aure a 1962.

An yi mata aiki na ɗan lokaci a New Guinea (sannan ƙarƙashin ikon Ostiraliya) na ɗan lokaci kafin ta koma Sydney don halartar jami'a a matsayin ɗalibi na ɗan lokaci. Ta sami digiri na BA a fannin ilimin ɗan adam daga Jami'ar Sydney a 1965. Ta yi ɗan gajeren aure da Peter Sherwood, farfesa a Faransanci, kafin daga bisani ya yi hijira zuwa Ingila tare da danta bayan ta rabu da mijinta a 1965, kuma ta sami aiki a matsayin malami a London.  A can, ta koyi game da nuna bambanci da daliban Black suka fuskanta a cikin tsarin ilimi, wanda ya haifar da sha'awar Sherwood don bincika tarihin Afirka. Wannan ƙuduri ya ƙarfafa ta hanyar shekaru biyar na bincike na ilimi a Harlem, Birnin New York, daga 1980 zuwa 1985.  &#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

Sherwood ya kasance Babban Jami'in Bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin Commonwealth, Jami'ar London. A cikin 1991, tare da Hakim Adi da sauran abokan aiki ta kafa abin da a yanzu ake kira Ƙungiyar Nazarin Baƙar fata da Asiya (BASA), don ƙarfafa bincike da yada bayanai, da kuma yakin neman ilimi. Wannan yana gudana.

A cikin 1998, Sherwood ta buga yabo ga abokinta da ya rasu kwanan nan, Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Biritaniya memba Billy Strachan, a cikin wasiƙar BASA.

A cikin 2007, ta buga Bayan Rushe: Biritaniya da Kasuwancin Bauta Tun daga 1807. Stephen Shapiro, a rubuce a cikin mujallar tarihi ta Jihar [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] da Jami'ar Miami Origins, ya bayyana littafin a matsayin "mai tsokana" da "karanta mai dacewa" ga "masu sha'awar tarihin Birtaniya ko Afirka". 

A cikin 2010, an gayyace ta don ba da gudummawa ga Kwame Nkrumah Centenary Colloquium a Accra, wanda Tarayyar Afirka da gwamnatin Ghana suka kira.

Baya ga littattafanta na yau da kullun da aka jera a ƙasa, ta kuma ba da gudummawa ga fina-finai da shirye-shiryen rediyo da taro. Sherwood ta kafa Savannah Press, mai wallafa wasu littattafanta "a farashi".

A shekara ta 2017, Sherwood na shirin gabatar da jawabi game da yadda Falasdinawan suka yi wa Falasdinawa a lokacin makon wariyar launin fata a Jami'ar Manchester ta Isra'ila mai taken "Kuna yi wa Falasdinawa abin da 'yan Nazi suka yi min". Ofishin jakadancin Isra'ila ya shiga tsakani, inda ya tuntubi jami'ar tare da nuna damuwa cewa lakabin ya saba wa ma'anar kyamar Yahudawa, da gwamnatin Burtaniya ta dauka. Jami'ar Manchester ta yi la'akari da taken kuma ta sanya sharuddan magana.

Ta rubuta shigarwar tara a cikin Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: Dusé Mohamed (1866-1945), ɗan jarida kuma marubucin wasan kwaikwayo; Peter McFarren Blackman (1909–1993), dan gwagwarmayar siyasa; Robert Broadhurst (1859/60-1948), shugaban kishin kasa na Afirka; William Davidson (1786–1820), maƙarƙashiya; George Daniel Ekarte (1896/7–1964), minista kuma ma'aikacin al'umma; Nathaniel Akinremi Fadipe (1893-1944), marubuci kuma mai adawa da mulkin mallaka; Claudia Jones (1915-1964), 'yar gurguzu kuma 'yar jarida; Ras Tomasa Makonnen (c. 1900–1983), dan gwagwarmayar siyasa; da Henry Sylvester Williams (1869-1911), ɗan Afirka;

A cikin Oktoba 2022, Sherwood ya sami lambar girmamawa ta Doctorate na Tarihi a Jami'ar Chichester . 

Sherwood ya mutu a gida a ranar 16 ga watan Fabrairu na shekarar 2025, yana da shekaru 87. 

== Littattafan da aka zaɓa ==

=== Littattafai ===

* "The Multi-ethnic Royal Navy and Merchant Marine, daga karni na sha bakwai zuwa gaba" ''Topmasts'', # 2, Agusta 2018.
* "Masu gwagwarmayar siyasa biyu na Pan-Afirka daga Jami'ar Edinburgh: Dokta John Randle da [[Richard Akinwande Savage]]", a cikin Afe Adogame da Andrew Lawrence (eds), ''Afirka a Scotland, Scotland a Afirka'' (Leiden: Brill, 2014).  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;
* "Gordon Riots", Total Politics, Yuni 2011.
* "Afirkawa a Burtaniya shekaru 2000 da suka gabata", New African, Oktoba 2010.
* "Shin za mu taɓa koyon cikakken labarin Blacks a cikin Royal Navy?" BASA Newsletter, # 57, 2010.
* "Krishna Menon, Dan takarar Jam'iyyar Labour ta Majalisar Dundee 1939-1940", Jaridar Tarihin Labour ta Scotland, Vol. 42, 2007.
* "Lascar Gwagwarmaya da nuna bambanci a Burtaniya 1923-1945: aikin N. J. Upadhyaya da Surat Alley", The Mariner's Mirror, 90/4, 2004.
* "Rikici, kisan gilla, fascists da baƙi: menene ya canza?" Searchlight, Oktoba 2003.
* "Lascars a Glasgow da Yammacin Scotland a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II", Scottish Labour History Journal, vol. 38, 2003.
* "Blacks in Tudor England", Tarihi Yau, Volume 53, Fitowa 10, Oktoba 2003.
* "Lynching in Britain", Tarihi Yau, 49/3 Maris 1999.
* "Blacks in the Gordon Riots", Tarihi Yau, Disamba 1997.
* "The Comintern, da CPGB, Colonies da Black Britons 1920 - 1938", Science & Society, Spring 1996.
* "Quakers da Colonials 1930-1950", Immigrants & Minorities, Yuli 1991.
* "Racism and Resistance: Cardiff a cikin 1930s da '40s", Llafur (Welsh Labour History Journal), Satumba 1991.
* "Race, Nationality and Employment among Lascar Seamen 1660 to 1945", New Community, Janairu 1991.
* "Ticket of Leave", Tarihi Yau, Agusta 1990.
* "Yaƙin da aka yi da baƙi a Burtaniya", Freedomways, 4th Quarter 1982.

=== Maƙalai ===
**A kan mutanen asalin Afirka da Asiya / zuriya a Burtaniya**

* ''An African Family in Kent: The African Makaula-White Family in East Kent'', RTP, 2025, 
* ''Kwame Nkrumah and the Dawn of the Cold War: The West African National Secretariat, 1945-48'' (Pluto, 2019).
* ''World War II: Colonies and Colonials'', Savannah Press], 2013. 
* ''The Life and Times of Albert Makaula-White, an African Farmer in Kent 1904–1937'', Savannah Press, 2012
** Reviews:
* ''[[Malcolm X]]: Visits abroad April 1964 – February 1965'', UK: Savannah Press, 2010, ; USA: Tsehai Publishers, 2011. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;
* ''The Origins of Pan-Africanism: [[Henry Sylvester Williams]] and the African Diaspora'', Routledge, 2010. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;
** Reviews:
* (with Kim Sherwood) ''Britain, the slave trade and slavery, from 1562 to the 1880s'', Savannah Press, 2007. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;
* ''After Abolition: Britain and the Slave Trade Since 1807'', I.B. Tauris, 2007. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;
* (with Hakim Adi) ''Pan-African History: political figures from Africa and the diaspora since 1787'', Routledge, 2003. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;
** Reviews:
* ''Claudia Jones: a life in exile'', Lawrence &amp;amp; Wishart, 2000. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;
** Review:
* ''Ernest Bowen and Printers' Trade Unions in British Guiana and Trinidad, 1927–1941'',:Savannah Press, 1999. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;
* (with Martin Spafford) ''Whose Freedom were Africans, Caribbeans and Indians fighting for in World War II?'', Savannah Press/BASA, 1999. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;
* ''Kwame Nkrumah: the Years Abroad 1935–1947'', Freedom Publications (Ghana), 1996. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;
** Review:
* (with Hakim Adi) ''The 1945 Pan-African Congress Revisited'', New Beacon Books, 1995. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;
* ''Manchester and the 1945 Pan-African Congress'', Savannah Press, 1995. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;
* ''Pastor Daniels Ekarté and the African Churches Mission'', Savannah Press, 1994. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;
* (with Bob Rees) ''Black Peoples of the Americas'', [[Heinemann (Mawallafa)|Heinemann]], 1992. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;
* ''Black Peoples in the Americas — a handbook for teachers'', Savannah Press, 1992. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;
* ''Women Under the Sun'' (African Women in Politics and Production — a bibliography), IFAA, London, 1988. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;
* ''Many Struggles (West Indian Workers and Service Personnel in Britain 1939–1945)'', Karia Press, 1985. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;
* ''The British Honduran Forestry Unit in Scotland'', OC Publishers, 1982. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;

**A kan cinikayya a cikin bayi na Afirka, da bautar**

* "'Yan kasuwa na halal', gina daular da kuma tasirin dogon lokaci a Afirka", a cikin T. Green (ed.), Brokers of Change: Atlantic Commerce and Cultures in Pre-Colonial Western Africa, British Academy / OUP, 2012.
* "Bauta: cinikin Atlantika da bautar Larabawa", New African, Oktoba 2012.
* "Cikin a cikin bayi na Afirka", a cikin F. Brennan & John Parker, Colonialism, Slavery, Reparations and Trade: Remedying the 'Past", Taylor & Francis / Routledge, 2011.
* "Kasuwancin bayi na Burtaniya ba bisa ka'ida ba 1808 - 1830", British Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies, 31/2, 2008.
* "Manchester, Liverpool da Bauta", ''Jaridar Tarihin Ma'aikata ta Arewa maso Yamma'', # 32, Satumba 2007.
* "Bauta da bautar, 1807-2007: baya a yanzu", openDemocracy, [http://www.opendemocracy.net 23 Maris 2007.]
* "The Nefarious Trade", Tarihi Yau, Maris 2007.
* "[https://socialistworker.co.uk/in-depth/british-companies-continued-to-profit-after-abolition-of-slave-trade/ "Kamfanonin Burtaniya sun ci gaba da samun riba bayan kawar da cinikin bayi".]", Socialist Worker, 24 Maris 2007.
* "Birtaniya, cinikin bayi da bautar, 1808 - 1843", Race & Class 46/2, Oktoba-Disamba 2004.
* "Perfidious Albion: Burtaniya, Amurka da bautar a cikin shekarun 1840 da 1860", Gudummawa ga Nazarin Baƙi, 13/14 1995/6 (wanda aka buga 1999).

**A kan Pan-Africanism / Kwame Nkrumah**

* "Farkon Yakin Cold a cikin Gold Coast?" a cikin David Featherstone da Christian Hogsbjerg (eds), The Red and the Black: The Russian Revolution and the Black Atlantic (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2021) 
* "Taron Al'ummomin mulkin mallaka a Burtaniya, 1945", ''Leeds African Studies Bulletin'', 79 (2018).
* "The Quest in the United Kingdom for African Unity, 1945-48" 'Jaridar Nazarin Afirka ta zamani'', 5/1, 2017''
* "Nkrumah da Pan-Africanism 1942 - 1958", a cikin Lazare Ki-Zerbo (ed.), Hands Off Africa (2013).
* "Taron Pan-African, Kumasi, 1953", a cikin T. Manuh da A. Sawyerr (eds), The Kwame Nkrumah Centenary Colloquium Proceedings, Accra: Kwame Ncrumah Centennial Committee, 2013.
* "[[George Padmore]] da Kwame Nkrumah: wani tsari na gwaji na dangantakarsu" a cikin Fitzroy Baptiste da Rupert Lewis (ed), George Padmore: Pan-African Revolutionary, Ian Randle Publications, 2009.
* "Taron Pan-African, 1900 - 1953: me Pan-Afirka ya yi ma'ana?" A cikin Charles Quist-Adade da Frances Chiang (eds), ''Daga Kolonization zuwa Globalization'', Dayspring Publishing, 2011 /Journal of Pan-Affican Studies, 4/10, 2012.
* "Nkrumah: Ɗalibi: Shekaru a London 1945-1947", Immigrants & Minorities, Satumba, 1993.

**A Afirka / 'yan Afirka**

* "Ƙungiyar Daliban Afirka ta Amurka da Kanada, 1941 - 1945" The Lagos Historical Review, fitowar 14, 2015
* "The African Diaspora in Europe", a cikin Encyclopaedia of the World's Minorities, Routledge, 2006.
* "Jamaicans da Barbadians a cikin Lardin 'Yanci: Saliyo 1802-1841", Caribbean Studies, 13/2-3, 1998.
* "Elder Dempster da Yammacin Afirka 1891 - 1940: asalin rashin ci gaba", International Journal of African Historical Studies, 30/3, 1997.
* "'Babu sabon yarjejeniya ga baƙar fata a San Francisco': Yunkurin Afirka na rinjayar taron kafa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Afrilu - Yuli 1945", International Journal of African Historical Studies, 29/1, 1996.
* "Yajin aiki! African Seamen, Elder Dempster da Gwamnati, 1940-1942", Immigrants & Minorities, Yuli 1994.

**A kan ilimi**

* "Racism by omission", Tarihi Extra, ''Tarihin BBC'', 29 Disamba 2009.
* "Shin mun ci gaba tun lokacin binciken Lawrence?", fitowar bazara, Race Equality Teaching, 27/3, 2009.
* "Miseducation and Racism", ''Ethnicity and Race in a Changing World: A Review Journal'', Fabrairu 2009.
* "Malaman Black School a Burtaniya a cikin ƙarni na goma sha takwas da na goma sha tara", Tarihin Mai Bincike na Ilimi, # 81, Mayu 2008.
* "Koyar da tarihin baƙar fata: gwagwarmaya ta ci gaba", Cibiyar Kula da Dangantaka ta Tsakiya ([https://web.archive.org/web/20080807123813/http://www.irr.org.uk/2007/december/ha000008.html  (Nuwamba, 2007).]).
* "'Akwai abubuwa da yawa ga tarihin mutanen baƙar fata fiye da bautar...'", Race Equality Teaching, 25/2, 2007.
* "Racism in Education?", ''Koyarwar Daidaita Kabilanci'', 22/3, bazara 2004.
* "Race, Empire and Education: koyar da wariyar launin fata", Race & Class 42/3, 2001.
* "Ilimi da Binciken Lawrence", Koyarwar Al'adu, 18/2, 2000.
* "Yana haifar da wariyar launin fata: malamai na tarihi da tarihi a makarantun Ingilishi", ''Bincike a cikin Littattafan Afirka'', 30/1, Fabrairu 1999.
* "Zunubi na watsi da kwamiti: tarihi a makarantun Ingilishi da gwagwarmaya don canji", Koyarwa ta Al'adu, Spring 1998,
* "Haɗarin Ethnocentrism", ''Tarihin Koyarwa'', Janairu 1996,
* "SOS: Shin Kowane Mutum Yana Sauraro?", ''Tarihin Koyarwa'', Yuni 1994.

**A kan wariyar launin fata**

* "White Myths, Black Omissions: asalin tarihi na wariyar launin fata a Burtaniya", International Journal of Historical Teaching, Learning and Research, 3/1, Janairu 2003.
* "Ba Tambaya ce ta wariyar launin fata ba; wani lamari ne na wariyar launin fatar hukuma 1941-1943", Immigrants & Minorities, Yuli 1985.

**Sauran*'

* "William G. Allen a Burtaniya", Ethnicity and Race in a Changing World, vol. 2, fitowar 2, hunturu / bazara 2011. https://ercw.openlibrary.manchester.ac.uk/index.php/ercw/article/download/57/53
* (tare da Kathy Chater), "The Pigou Family Across Three Continents", Proceedings of the Huguenot Society, 28/3, 2005.
* "[[Malcolm X]] a Manchester, 1964", *Jaridar Tarihin Arewa maso Yamma*, # 27, 2002.
* "India a lokacin da aka kafa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya", Nazarin Duniya (India), 33/4, 1996.
* "The UN: Caribbean da Afirka-Amurka ƙoƙarin yin tasiri ga taron kafa a San Francisco, 1945", Journal of Caribbean History, 29/1, 1996.
* "'Diplomatic Platitudes': Yarjejeniyar Atlantic, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da 'yancin kai na mulkin mallaka", Baƙi da Ƙananan Hukumomi, Satumba 1996.
* "Walter White da Birtaniya: damar da ta ɓace", Gudummawa ga Nazarin Baƙi, Nos. 9/10, 1990-1992.

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==

== Haɗin waje ==

* [http://www.savannahpress.co.uk/ Shafin yanar gizon Savannah Press.]
* 
* Labarin Marika Sherwood na [[Hakim Adi]] a cikin Guardian[[The Guardian|Mai Tsaro]]
* [http://www.blackandasianstudies.org/ Gidan yanar gizon Black and Asian Studies Association.]
* [http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xvwjx4_dr-marika-sherwood-at-discover-black-history-beyond-the-windrush_news "Dr Marika Sherwood a Gano Tarihin Black: Bayan Windrush".]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121104140126/http://www.thisiskent.co.uk/Researching-history-black-settlers/story-17214771-detail/story.html#axzz2c2M1kFsU "Binciken tarihin bayan baƙar fata na farko"], *Canterbury Times'', 2 ga Nuwamba 2012.
* Ms Marika Sherwood: Makarantar Nazarin Ci gaba, Jami'ar London
* Michael I. Ohajuru, "Marika Sherwood (1937-2025): Wani majagaba da kuma mai ba da shawara ga Tarihin Baƙar fata na Burtaniya wanda ya canza Rayuwa", Baƙar fata a cikin Renaissance Turai, 16 ga Fabrairu 2025.
* Christian Hogsbjerg, "Tunanin Marika Sherwood, 1937-2025: Mai bincike na farko na tarihin baƙar fata na Burtaniya", Socialist Worker, 10 Afrilu 2025.