open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Oliviero Toscani

**Oliviero Toscani** (28 ga Fabrairu 1942 - 13 ga Janairu 2025) ɗan ƙasar Italiya ne mai ɗaukar hoto,  wanda aka fi sani a duk duniya don tsara kamfen ɗin talla mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce ga kamfanin Benetton na ƙasar Italiya daga 1982 zuwa 2000.  

## Rayuwar farko da aiki
An haifi Toscani a Milan, kuma ya fara ɗaukar hoto kamar mahaifinsa, Fedele Toscani, shahararren mai ɗaukar hoto ɗan Italiya, wanda ya kafa Vincenzo Carrese na kamfanin ɗaukar hoto na Publifoto, wanda a lokacin yake kamfanin ɗaukar hoto nasa (Rotofoto), sannan kuma ɗan jaridar Corriere della Sera Bayan ya sami takardar shaidar kammala karatunsa a Kunstgewerbeschule Zürich, ya fara aiki da mujallu daban-daban, ciki har da Elle, Vogue, L'Uomo Vogue da Harper's Bazaar

## Sana'a
A shekarar 1982, Toscani ya fara aiki a matsayin Daraktan Zane-zane na Benetton Group. Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun kamfen ɗinsa ya haɗa da hoton David Kirby da ya mutu sakamakon cutar kanjamau, yana kwance a gadon asibiti a Columbus, Ohio, kewaye da danginsa masu baƙin ciki.  Hoton ya kasance mai cike da ce-ce-ku - ce saboda kamanninsa da zanen pietà kuma saboda masu sukar tallan sun yi tunanin amfani da wannan hoton don sayar da tufafi yana cin zarafin wanda aka kashe, kodayake iyalan Kirby sun ce sun ba da izinin amfani da shi kuma yana taimakawa wajen ƙara wayar da kan jama'a game da cutar kanjamau.   Sauran tallace-tallace sun haɗa da ambaton wariyar launin fata (musamman ɗaya mai zukatan ɗan adam guda uku iri ɗaya, waɗanda a zahiri zukatan alade ne, tare da kalmomin 'fari', 'baƙi', da 'rawaya' a matsayin taken rubutu), yaƙi, addini har ma da hukuncin kisa. 

A farkon shekarun 1990, Toscani ya kafa mujallar *Colours* (wanda Benetton mallake shi) tare da mai zane-zane na Amurka Tibor Kalman (1949-1999).    Tare da taken "mujalla game da sauran duniya", *Launuka* sun gina akan al'adu daban-daban da suka mamaye a wancan lokacin da kuma a cikin kamfen ɗin talla na Benetton, yayin da suka ci gaba da kasancewa masu zaman kansu daga ƙungiyar. &#x5B; ** &#x5D; Toscani ya bar Benetton a shekara ta 2000.

Wani mazaunin Tuscany na dogon lokaci, a shekarar 2003, ya ƙirƙiri wani sabon wurin bincike don sadarwa ta zamani mai suna 'La Sterpaia' tare da haɗin gwiwar Regione Toscana. A shekarar 2005, Toscani ya sake haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce tare da hotunansa don wani kamfen na tallata kamfanin tufafi na maza 'Ra-Re'. Bayyanar mazan da suka shiga cikin halayen luwaɗi ya fusata ƙungiyoyi kamar ƙungiyar iyayen Katolika *Movimento Italiano Genitori*, waɗanda suka kira hotunan 'marasa kyau'.  Yaƙin neman zaɓen ya zo ne a daidai lokacin da ake ci gaba da muhawara a Italiya game da haƙƙin luwaɗi .

### MANAZARTA
Buichiro Kuroda

Buichiro Kuroda (Japanese, Hepburn: Kuroda Buichira; an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, 1960) jami'in Japan ne kuma babban mai kula da hukumar Imperial Household Agency . 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Kuroda a Amagasaki, Hyōgo Prefecture, ta kammala karatu daga Nada High School .  Ya sami alma mater daga Jami'ar Tokyo . 

## Farkon aiki
Kuroda ya zama wani ɓangare na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida a 1982, kuma daga baya Ma'aikatu ta Cikin Gida. Ya rike wasu mukamai da yawa na gwamnati kamar Kwamishinan Wutar Lantarki da Bala'i, Darakta Janar na Ofishin Kudi na Jama'a, kuma ya kasance wani ɓangare na Sakatariyar Ma'aikatar da sauransu. A lokacin fim din Tohokushinsha da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida da Sadarwa, Kuroda na ɗaya daga cikin mutanen da suka sami gargadi na ɗabi'a. Ya kuma sami gargadi saboda nishaɗin da ya karɓa daga NTT, a keta ka'idar ɗabi'a. Ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa a shekarar 2022.

## Mataimakin Babban Manajan
A cikin 2023, an nada Kuroda Mataimakin Manajan Hukumar Gidan Daular. 

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2024, ya yi wata sanarwa inda ya yi sharhi game da dangin Imperial da suka kai mabiya miliyan a kan Instagram, yana mai cewa "Wannan tunatarwa ce game da sha'awar jama'a mai karfi a cikin dangin sarki. Na cika da sabuntawa na alhakin". Ya ci gaba da yin sharhi "Za mu ci gaba da inganta tsarin hulɗar jama'a, tare da shiga masu sauraro da yawa, gami da ƙarni".[1]

Daga baya, a watan Yunin wannan shekarar, Kuroda ita ce memba na farko na Hukumar Gidan Gida ta Imperial da ta sanar da cewa Empress Emerita Michiko ta kamu da COVID-19, a taron manema labarai na yau da kullun.

A cikin 2025, Yasuhiko Nishimura ya sanar da ritayar sa a matsayin Babban Mai Gudanarwa, tare da Buichiro Kuroda don ya gaji shi a ranar 24 ga Disamba. 

## Babban Manajan Hukumar Gidan Daular
Kuroda ya zama Babban Mai Gudanarwa a ranar 24 kamar yadda aka tsara. Mataimakin mai kula da shi, kuma wanda ya gaji shi a matsayin mataimakin mai kulawa, shine  .

A ranar 25 ga Disamba, 2025, Kuroda ya ba da taron manema labarai na farko. "An ba ni aiki mai nauyi. Zan yi iya kokarina, koda kuwa iyawata karami ne. " Ya kuma tattauna game da maye gurbin sarki da muhawara da ke kewaye da shi, yana mai cewa "Zan so in dauki dama daban-daban don bayyana muhimmancin wannan batun. "

## Manazarta
Gidan Tarihi na Imperial Collections

Gidan Tarihi na Tarihin Masarautar Sannomaru-Shōzōkan  yana kan filin Gabashin Aljanna na Fadar Masarautar Tokyo .  Yana nuna canjin nune-nunen wani ɓangare na dukiyar gidan sarki.

Gidan kayan gargajiya a halin yanzu an rufe shi na ɗan lokaci don gyare-gyare kuma zai sake buɗewa a Fall 2026.

An yi la'akari da Gidan Tarihi na Imperial Collections a lokacin canji daga zamanin Shōwa (1926 - 1989) zuwa zamanin Heisei (1989 - 2019). Iyalin Imperial sun ba da gudummawar kayan fasaha 6,000 ga gwamnatin Japan a shekarar 1989. Masu zane-zane na gidan sarauta sun kirkiro abubuwa da yawa. An buɗe gidan kayan gargajiya a cikin 1993 don nazarin da adana tarin fasaha. An kara fadada tarin ta hanyar bayar da gudummawar tarin fasaha na Yarima Chichibu (1902 - 1953) a cikin 1996, tarin Kikuko, Gimbiya Takamatsu (1911 - 2004) a cikin 2005, da kuma tarin dangin Yarima Mikasa a cikin 2014. 

Akwai abubuwa 9,800 a cikin tarin, amma dakin baje kolin yana da murabba'in mita 160 kawai, kuma ɗakin ajiya ma karami ne. Saboda haka, an yanke shawarar cewa za a sake gina gidan kayan gargajiya.[1] Ayyuka a cikin tsohon ginin sun ƙare a cikin 2019, kuma a cikin 2023, ayyukan sun ci gaba tare da kammala matakin farko na sabon ginin da aka gina kusa da tsohon. An shirya kammala mataki na biyu a cikin 2026, yana fadada sararin nune-nunen zuwa sau takwas girman asalinsa da ƙarfin ajiya zuwa sau hudu na tsohon ginin.[2][3]

A cikin 2023, an canja gidan kayan gargajiya daga Hukumar Gidan Gida ta Imperial zuwa Cibiyoyin Al'adu na Kasa, kuma an sake fasalin tsarin sarrafa tarin, tare da Hukumar Harkokin Al'adu da ke ɗaukar alhakin mallakar.

## Masu zane-zane da aka zaɓa

## Manazarta
Yasuhiko Nishimura

Yasuhiko Nishimura  jami'in Japan ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Manajan Gidan Daular daga 2019 har zuwa 2025. 

An haifi Yasuhiko Nishimura a Toba, Mie .  Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Shari'a, Jami'ar Tokyo, ya kammala karatu a watan Maris na shekara ta 1979.

Bayan kammala karatunsa, Nishimura ya shiga Hukumar 'yan sanda ta kasa, yana riƙe da matsayi da yawa kamar shugaban Ofishin Tsaro da kuma babban mai kula da' yan sanda na Tokyo.

## Babban Mai Kula da Gidan Daular
An naɗa Yasuhiko a ranar 17 ga Disamba 2019 a matsayin Babban Mai Kula da Gidan Sarauta.[1] Farkon aikinsa na Babban Mai Kula da Gidan Sarauta ya zo daidai da annobar COVID-19.[ba a fayyace ba] Saboda yana kusa da gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020, an dage taron har zuwa 2021.[2] Yasuhiko ya fitar da wata sanarwa game da gasar Olympics yana cewa "Daga abin da na tattara, sarki yana damuwa game da gudanar da gasar Olympics ta Tokyo da wasannin Paralympic, wanda yake aiki a matsayin shugaban girmamawa, yayin da mutane ke bayyana damuwa kan ko zai haifar da yaɗuwar cututtuka,". Wanda Firayim Ministan Japan na wancan lokacin, Yoshihide Suga, ya ce "Nishimura ya bayyana ra'ayinsa na kashin kansa kawai."[3] An kuma yi jayayya kan kalamansa, yana cewa, "Ba a ba wa Sarkin Japan izinin shiga siyasa bisa ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki ba. Dole ne ya tabbatar da kiyaye shi."[3][4]

A watan Afrilu na 2021, Yasuhiko ya kuma bayyana auren Gimbiya Mako ta Akishino, ga Kei Komuro. Ya ce wata sanarwa da ta yi a baya game da aurenta "An bayyana shi sosai" amma kuma ya ce "Jama'a za su yi nasu kimantawa". Aure daga baya ya wuce. Bayan Kei Komuro ya fitar da takardu da ke bayanin batutuwan kudi na mahaifiyarsa, waɗanda aka sanya su cikin tambaya kuma suna da rikice-rikice, Yasuhiko ya ce "Wannan takardar ta ba ni damar fahimtar gaskiyar da yanayi. "  A cikin 2024, ya ci gaba da magana game da muhawara ta maye gurbin mulkin mallaka na Japan ta hanyar cewa "wani muhimmin al'amari ne" kuma "Za a dauki matakai bayan isasshen muhawara ya faru". 

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2025, Yasuhiko ya sanar da ritayar sa, wanda ya fara aiki a ranar 24 ga watan Disamba, 2025, kuma mataimakin mai kula da shi, Buichiro Kuroda zai gaje shi.

Buichiro ne ya gaje shi a ranar 24 kamar yadda aka tsara.

## Babban Gudanarwa
Bayan ya yi ritaya, Nishimura ya karbi furanni daga ma'aikatan Hukumar Gidan Imperial. Ya yi sharhi game da maye gurbin Daular yana mai cewa ya kasance "mai matukar takaici" cewa har yanzu ba a tsara shirin maye gurbin da ya dace ba ta Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa. Ya kuma ce "Wannan lamari ne na nadama sosai. Ina fatan za a gabatar da wani tsari nan ba da daɗewa ba wanda zai sami goyon bayan mafi yawan mutane".

## Manazarta
Barry Michael Cooper

**Barry Michael Cooper** (12 ga Yuni, 1958 - 22 ga Janairu, 2025) marubuci ne, furodusa, kuma darakta ɗan Amurka, wanda aka fi sani da fina-finansa na *New Jack City* (1991), *Sugar Hill* (1994), da *Above the Rim* (1994), wanda wani lokacin ake kiransa da "Harlem Trilogy". 

## Bayani
An haifi Cooper a Harlem, New York, kuma ya girma a Little Washington Heights tsakanin titunan 164th da 165th a kan titin Amsterdam . Ya bayyana cewa unguwa tana da bambancin ra'ayi kuma yana wasa da yaran Baƙar fata, Yahudawa, da Irish. Lokacin da yake ɗan shekara goma, iyalinsa sun ƙaura zuwa Lambunan Esplanade, wani babban gidan haya a Harlem tare da masu haya na azuzuwan da kabilu daban-daban. 

## Sana'a
Cooper ya fara aikinsa na rubutu a matsayin mai sukar kiɗa ga *The Village Voice*, daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto na bincike ga birnin New York a kowane mako daga 1980 zuwa 1989. Ya rubuta "Teddy Riley's New Jack Swing: Harlem Gangsters Raise a Genius" don *Voice* a 1987 kuma an yaba masa da sanya wa sabon haɗin R&B da rap na wancan lokacin suna.   A wannan shekarar, labarin Cooper, "Kids Killing Kids: New Jack City Eats Its Young", wanda aka buga a cikin *Village Voice*, ya jawo hankalin Quincy Jones, wanda ya ɗauke shi aiki don sake rubuta wani fim game da dillalin heroin na Harlem Nicky Barnes na shekarun 1970.  Daga baya an shirya fim ɗin Cooper a matsayin fim ɗin *New Jack City* (1991), wanda ya kafa a Harlem bayan isowar cocaine mai ƙarfi a shekarun 1980. 

Shi ne fim na farko a cikin abin da ake kira "Harlem Trilogy" na Cooper,  wanda ya haɗa da *Sugar Hill* da *Above the Rim* (an rubuta tare da Jeff Pollack, darektan fim ɗin, daga wani labari na Pollack da Benny Medina ),  duka an fitar da su a cikin 1994. A cewar Michael Gonzales na mujallar , fina-finan uku suna da tasiri kan "al'adar hip-hop da za a iya ji a cikin waƙoƙin Jay-Z kuma a gani a cikin salon P. Diddy ". 

Cooper ya rubuta dukkan fina-finai uku bayan ya koma Baltimore, Maryland, inda ya zauna har zuwa mutuwarsa.  A shekara ta 2005, Cooper ya fara bayar da umarni a fim ɗin *Blood on the Wall$*, wani shiri mai sassa 14 na yanar gizo wanda Michael Wright ' *Sugar Hill* ya fito a ciki. 

Tun daga shekarar 2007, Cooper ya buga wani shafin yanar gizo mai suna "Hooked on the American Dream". A shekarar 2011, ya buga littafin Hooked on the American Dream, Vol. 1: New Jack City Eats Its Young, tarin kasidu da labaransa daga shekarun 1980, a cikin wani bugu na Amazon Kindle . [1] Shi ma ya kasance mai bayar da gudummawa ga Huffington Post .

## Daraja da kyaututtuka

* *Mafi kyawun Mujallar,* 1987, Jami'ar Jihar Ball, da *Mafi kyawun Mujallar,* 1987, Ƙungiyar 'Yan Jarida Baƙaƙe ta Ƙasa, don "In Cold Blood: The Baltimore Teen Kisan Kai," wanda aka buga a cikin fitowar *Spin* ta watan Mayu 1986 

#### MANAZARTA
Mōko Sh Case Ekotoba

Mōko Sh Case Ekotoba (蒙古襲來絵詞, Bayani mai ban sha'awa na mamayewar Mongol) saiti ne na littattafai biyu na Japan (*emaki*) wanda samurai Takezaki Suenaga (1246-1314) ya ba da umarni a matsayin rikodin ayyukansa na lokacin yaƙi da jaruntaka a lokacin mamayar Mongol na Japan. Littafin farko ya bayyana ayyukan Suenaga a yakin Bun'ei (1274), da kuma yunkurinsa na neman karbuwa da lada daga gwamnati. Littafin na biyu ya bayyana shi a yakin basasa na Kōan (1281). 

Aikin ya kasance ne a shekara ta 1293, yayin da masana suka yi imanin cewa an hada shi tsakanin ƙarshen karni na 13 da farkon karni na 14, a Lokacin Kamakura. Ba a san marubucin su da mai zane ba. Tare, naɗaɗɗun littattafan suna dauke da wasu daga cikin zane-zane na farko na mamayewar Mongol na Japan. Dukkanin naɗaɗɗun littattafai a halin yanzu ana adana su a Gidan Tarihi na Imperial a Fadar Imperial ta Tokyo.

Naɗaɗɗun littattafai suna canzawa tsakanin rubuce-rubucen rubuce-daban da zane-zane da aka yi a cikin salon yamato-e. Sun mayar da hankali kan ayyukan Takezaki Suenaga, Gokanin (masu mulkin shogun) daga Lardin Hizen, wanda ke nuna shi da sauran sojojin Japan a yaƙi da mamaye Mongol, a ƙasa da teku. Baya ga al'amuran yaƙi, rubutun ya kuma ba da haske game da tsarin Gwamnatin Kamakura na ba da lada ga manyan mayaƙa, da kuma dangantakar da ke tsakanin Suenaga da mai ba da gudummawa, Janar Adachi Yasumori.

### Naɗaɗɗun littattafai na farko
A cikin naɗaɗɗen littafi na farko, Suenaga mai shekaru ashirin da tara da danginsa sun sadu da kwamandan Saburō Kagesuke, wanda daga baya zai ba da shaida a gaban gwamnati. Sun tara sojojin su, kuma suka yi tafiya zuwa Hakata don saduwa da mamaye Mongol, suna wucewa ta ƙofofin torii na Hakozaki Shrine a kan hanya. 
 
Suenaga da surukinsa, Mitsui Sukenaga, sun haɗu da ƙungiyar sojojin Mongol kuma sun tilasta musu su koma baya. Suenaga sai ya sadu kuma ya yi yaƙi da manyan sojojin Mongol a yakin Bun'ei, inda aka sauka shi da mai ɗauke da tutar sa bayan an harbe dawakai. Da yake fuskantar kibiyoyi da fashewa na Mongol, an ceci Suenaga ta hanyar cajin sojan doki karkashin jagorancin Shiraishi Michiyasu, wani samurai.
 
Bayan yakin, Suenaga ya yi tafiya zuwa babban birnin Kamakura, bai gamsu da cewa gwamnati ba ta ba shi lada ba saboda jaruntakarsa a yaƙi. A kan hanya, ya ziyarci wuraren ibada da yawa kuma ya ba da hadayu. A Kamakura, ya sadu da jami'an gwamnati da yawa don daukaka kara game da shari'arsa. Sun yi watsi da shi saboda rashin shaidar, duk da shaidar daga 'yan uwan Suenaga. A ƙarshe, bayan da ya yi kira ga Janar Adachi Yasumori, an tabbatar da aikin soja na Suenaga a rubuce, kuma an ba shi cikakken doki, da kuma wani fili na ƙasa a Lardin Higo.

## Manazarta
Ƙarshen Ƙarshen

**Terese L. Berceau** (an haife ta a ranar 23 ga Agusta, 1950) ɗan siyasa ne ɗan Amurka wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan Democrat a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Wisconsin daga 1999 zuwa 2019.

An haifi Berceau a Green Bay, Wisconsin kuma ta kammala karatunta a Makarantar Sakandare ta Green Bay East . Ta halarci Jami'ar Wisconsin-Madison, inda ta sami digirin farko a fannin Kimiyya a shekarar 1973. Ta kasance mazaunin Madison, Wisconsin tun 1969. 

Kafin a zaɓe ta a Majalisar Jiha, Berceau ta yi wa'adi huɗu a cikin Kwamitin Kula da Gundumar Dane daga 1992 zuwa 2000, inda ta wakilci Gundumar Kulawa ta 20 a gefen yamma na Madison.  Ta kasance Mataimakiyar Shugabar Hukumar daga 1996 zuwa 1998.

Ta kuma yi aiki a Hukumar Ci gaban Al'umma ta Birnin Madison daga 1983 zuwa 1992 kuma ta kasance memba a kwamitin gudanarwa a Ofishin Baƙi na Babban Madison da Ofishin Baƙi da Cibiyar Al'umma da Taro ta Monona Terrace .

An zaɓi Berceau don wakiltar gundumar Majalisar Wakilai ta 76 ta Wisconsin a watan Nuwamban 1998 bayan tsohuwar Wakiliyar Jiha Rebecca Young ta yi ritaya. Adadin gundumar ya canza lokacin da aka sake zaɓen gundumomin Majalisar a 2011. Gundumar 77 ta ƙunshi kusan Middleton a arewa zuwa Monona a kudu maso gabas kuma ta haɗa da yankin Madison da ke kewaye da harabar Jami'ar Wisconsin da kuma ƙauyen Shorewood Hills. A zaɓen 1998, Berceau ta yi nasara da kashi 71% na jimillar ƙuri'u 22,603 da aka jefa, inda ta sami rinjaye a dukkan gundumomi 26. An sake zaɓenta da kashi 68% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa a 2000. A 2002, 2004 da 2006 Berceau ta yi takara ba tare da hamayya ba.

A zaman majalisar dokoki na 2017 zuwa 2018, Berceau ya kasance babban ɗan jam'iyyar Democrat a cikin Kwamitin Majalisar kan Kwalejoji da Jami'o'i da Kare Masu Amfani kuma memba ne na Kwamitin Majalisar kan Inshora, Gwamnatin Ƙananan Hukumomi, Kundin Tsarin Mulki da Ɗabi'a da Kwamitin Haɗin gwiwa kan Duba Kuɗi. A zaman 2005-06, Berceau ya gabatar da kuduri ashirin da biyar da suka shafi haƙƙin haihuwa, kare masu amfani, haƙƙin ma'aikata, gyaran lafiyar jiki, kariyar binciken ƙwayoyin halitta da kuma koyar da juyin halitta.

A watan Fabrairun 2018, Berceau ta sanar da yin ritaya daga majalisar dokoki.  A cikin hirarraki bayan sanarwarta, ta bayyana bukatar shiga wani sabon mataki a rayuwarta. 

## Manazarta
Eastern Sabah Security Command

Kwamandan Tsaro na Gabashin Sabah (ESSCOM) yanki ne na tsaro na Malaysian wanda ke rufe kilomita 1,400 na gabar gabashin Sabah daga Kudat zuwa Tawau . [1] Firayim Ministan Malaysia Dato 'Seri Najib bin Abdul Razak ne ya kafa shi kuma Musa Aman, Babban Ministan Jihar Sabah ne ya sanar da shi a ranar 7 ga Maris 2013.[2] Manufarta ita ce ta karfafa tsaron teku a gabashin Sabah biyo bayan ci gaba da hare-haren da 'yan fashi da' yan ta'adda suka kai a kudancin Philippines musamman bayan rikici na Lahad Datu na 2013, yayin da a lokaci guda ke tabbatar da cewa kasuwanci da ayyukan kasuwanci ba su da tasiri.[1] Hedikwatar ESSCOM da babban tushe a halin yanzu suna cikin Lahad Datu. 

A ranar 8 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2014, Firayim Minista na lokacin Najib Tun Razak ya ba da sanarwar sake fasalin ESSCOM tare da kafa manyan abubuwa biyu - tsaro da gudanar da tsaro da kuma tilasta aiki da aikin jama'a.

## Yankin da ake ciki
ESSCOM ita ce hukumar da ke kula da Yankin Tsaro na Gabashin Sabah (ESSZONE), wanda ya ƙunshi gundumomin Kudat, Kota Marudu, Pitas, Beluran, Sandakan, Kinabatangan, Lahad Datu, Kunak, Semporna da Tawau .   Babban Ministan Sabah ne ke jagorantar hukumar, tare da taimakon Shugaba da gwamnati ta nada.   Babban shirin ESSCOM shine kafa sabbin ofisoshin 'yan sanda don kara inganta tsaro.

## Ziyarar
A ranar 9 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2014, kimanin dalibai 20 daga Kwalejin Nazarin Tsaro ta Royal (RCDS) sun ziyarci hedkwatar ESSCOM don sanin manufar yankin tsaro, musamman ayyukan da suka hada da hukumomi daban-daban da kuma hanyoyin magance kalubalen da batutuwan da suka taso. Babban Janar Sir Sebastian John Lechmere Roberts ne ya jagoranci tawagar tare da wasu manyan jami'an soja da fararen hula 19 daga kasashe daban-daban ciki har da Sudan, Lebanon, Italiya, Estonia, Masar, Ghana, Afghanistan, Indiya, Pakistan, Kenya da Ingila. A ranar 25 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2016, wakilai hudu na Japan daga Japan Terrorism Prevention Unit sun ziyarci ESSCOM.

## Darakta Janar
An zaɓi Darakta Janar na ESSCOM a kan juyawa.

## Dubi kuma

* Yankin Tsaro na Gabashin Sabah (ESSZONE) 

## Manazarta
Hanyar Ci Gaban Sabah

**Hanyar Ci Gaban Sabah** ko **SDC** (Malay: **Koridor Pembangunan Sabah** ko **Koridor Sabah**) sabuwar hanyar ci gaba ce a Sabah, Malaysia . Firayim Minista na biyar na Malaysia, Abdullah Ahmad Badawi ne ya kaddamar da SDC a ranar 29 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2008.

Ana sa ran aikin zai dauki shekaru 18 tare da jimlar saka hannun jari har zuwa RM biliyan 105. A matsakaici, farawa daga shekara ta 2009, RM5.83 biliyan za a rarraba kowace shekara don ci gaba. Ana sa ran za a kirkiro ayyuka 900,000 tare da wannan aikin tare da birni na bakin teku, aikin yawon bude ido da tashar jirgin kasa ta Sabah. An fara aikin ne tare da Firayim Minista Abdullah Ahmad Badawi yana sanar da cewa gwamnati ta ware karin RM biliyan 5 a karkashin Shirin Malaysia na tara don inganta ababen more rayuwa da rage farashin yin kasuwanci a jihar.[1]

Babban manufofin aikin sune: 

* sanya Sabah ƙofar kasuwanci, saka hannun jari da yawon bude ido
* canza jihar zuwa jihar mai jituwa ba tare da la'akari da launin fata ko addini ba
* samar da damar aiki a cikin jihar
* sanya jihar ta kara fasaha
* sanya jihar ta zama jiha mai dadi don rayuwa a ciki

## Dubi kuma

* Yankin Tattalin Arziki na Gabas
* Iskandar Malaysia
* Malaysia Vision Valley
* Ayyukan Kasa na Malaysia
* Shirin Malaysia na tara
* Yankin Tattalin Arziki na Arewa
** Babban Kedah 2050
* Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy

## Manazarta
Shirin Aminci na Kasa

The **National Integrity Plan** (Malay: Pelan Integriti Nasional; **PIN**) was a strategy developed and launched by the government of Malaysia on 23 April 2004, under then-Prime Minister of Malaysia Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, with the primary goal of fostering a culture of ethics and integrity across all segments of Malaysian society. It was designed to align with the fourth challenge of *Wawasan 2020*, which sought to build a society with strong moral and ethical values, where citizens possessed robust religious and spiritual principles underpinned by noble character. The plan was coordinated, monitored, and evaluated by the Malaysian Institute of Integrity.

Al'adar ɗabi'a da mutunci tana da mahimmanci a kowane kungiya, saboda tana tabbatar da cewa ana aiwatar da shirye-shirye da manufofi yadda ya kamata da ɗabi'ar ɗabi'u. PIN ɗin ya yi niyyar ba gwamnati damar tsara shirye-shirye don haɓaka ɗabi'a da mutunci a cikin al'umma. Kokarin da ya gabata na inganta mutunci ya kasance ba daidai ba kuma bai isa ba, wanda ya haifar da manyan gazawar, musamman a cimma hadin kai a duk bangarorin. Wadannan gazawar sun samo asali ne daga cikas kamar halayen mutum, jagorancin ƙungiya, tsarin isar da shi, rashin inganci na hukuma, da horo da al'adun al'umma a aiwatar da shirye-shirye. Yankin da ra'ayoyin da PIN ya gabatar sun fi cikakke da cikakke, suna ba da jagora ga duk abubuwan da ke cikin al'umma don inganta mutunci. Shirin ya maye gurbin Shirin Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa na Kasa (NACP) a cikin 2019. [1][2]

## Manazarta
Ma'aikatar Kididdiga ta Malaysia

**Ma'aikatar Kididdiga ta [[Harshen Malay|Malay]]** (**DOSM**; Malay: *Jabatan Perangkaan [[Maleshiya|Malaysia]]*) hukuma ce ta gwamnati a Malaysia wacce ke aiki a karkashin Ma'aikatu ta Tattalin Arziki . Yana da alhakin tattarawa da fassarar ƙididdigar da ta dace da tattalin arziki, yawan jama'a, al'umma da muhalli na Malaysia wanda gwamnati ke amfani da shi don tantancewa, sake dubawa da aiwatar da manufofin jama'a na ƙasa.

Bayanan DOSM suna samuwa ga jama'a a shafin yanar gizon OpenDOSM.

## Ayyuka da ayyuka
Ma'aikatar tana gudanar da ƙididdigar yawan jama'a da gidaje na Malaysia (MyCensus) a kowace shekara 10. Ya zuwa kididdigar kwanan nan a cikin 2020, DOSM ta aiwatar da kididdigogi 5 tun lokacin da aka kafa Malaysia.

### Kididdigar tattalin arziki
Ma'aikatar tana ba da bayanai iri-iri na kudi. Ta hanyar bangarorin ta daban-daban, sashen yana da alhakin samarwa da tattara asusun kasa kamar su kwata-kwata da na shekara-shekara (GDP), kudin shiga na kasa, amfani, tanadi, ma'auni na biyan kuɗi (BOP).  Sauran kididdigar tattalin arziki kamar kididdigdigar sabis, ma'auni na biyan kuɗi, alamun tattalin arziki, kididdigaren kasuwanci na duniya, kididdiga na masana'antu da gine-gine kamar yadda sashen ke tattara akai-akai.

## Tarihi

### Kafawa
An kafa DOSM a cikin 1949 a ƙarƙashin Dokar Kididdiga ta 1949.  An san shi da Ofishin Kididdiga kuma yafi samar da kididdigar da ta shafi cinikin waje da aikin gona.

A shekara ta 1965, an sake sunan Ofishin Kididdiga zuwa sunansa na yanzu kamar yadda Dokar Kididdiga ta 1965 ta tanada. An kuma fadada aikin sashen da rawar da yake takawa don haɗawa da bayanai game da tattalin arziki da al'umma. A karkashin dokar, ofishin kididdiga na Sabah da Sarawak ya zama reshe na DOSM. An kafa ofisoshin jihohi a cikin Peninsular Malaysia a matakai daga 1971 zuwa 1982.

## Manazarta
Mataimakin Minista a Ma'aikatar Firayim Minista

Mataimakin Minista a Ma'aikatar Firayim Minista (Malay) mukamin ministocin Malaysia ne wanda ke aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban Ma'aikalin Firayim Ministan.

## Jerin Mataimakin Ministoci a Ma'aikatar Firayim Minista
An nada mutane masu zuwa a matsayin Mataimakin Minista a Ma'aikatar Firayim Minista, ko kuma duk wani lakabi da ya gabata:

**Jam'iyyar Siyasa:**      IndependentMai zaman kansa

## Dubi kuma

* Minista a Ma'aikatar Firayim Minista

## Manazarta
Ma'aikatar Audit ta Kasa (Malaysia)

Ma'aikatar Bincike ta Kasa (Malay: Jabatan Audit Negara; Jawi: جابتن اءوديت ن__ilo____ilo____ilo__) hukuma ce mai zaman kanta a Malaysia wacce ke da alhakin gudanar da binciken kan asusun Gwamnatin Tarayya, Gwamnatin Jiha da Kungiyoyin Dokokin Tarayya da kuma ayyukan Ma'aikalin / Sashen / Hukumar da Kamfanoni a karkashin Gwamnatin Tarayyar da Jiha. 

## Dubi kuma

* Babban mai binciken Malaysia
* Kwamitin Asusun Jama'a (Malaysia) 

## Manazarta
MAMPU

Sashin Tsare-tsare na Zamantakewa da Gudanarwa na Malesiya (MAMPU; Malay: Unit Pemodenan Tadbiran dan Perancangan Pengurusan Malaysia) ɗaya ce daga cikin fitattun hukumomin gwamnati a Malaysia, waɗanda ke da alhakin 'sarrafawa da gyara' sassan jama'a.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
Malaysian Administrative Modernisation and Management Planning Unit (MAMPU) yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan hukumomin tsakiya a Malaysia, wanda ke da alhakin 'sauran ra'ayi da sake fasalin' bangaren jama'a a fannonin sake fasalin gudanarwa. An sanya MAMPU a ƙarƙashin Sashen Firayim Minista. Ainihin, an kafa MAMPU a cikin 1977 a matsayin hukumar da aka ba da ayyukan sake fasalin da kuma inganta tsarin gwamnati a bangaren gwamnati (Jeong, 2012).

Daga cikin manyan manufofi da ayyuka na MAMPU sune:

* Don gudanar da bincike a cikin gudanar da gwamnati.
* Don gudanar da bincike a fannin albarkatun ɗan adam.
* Don tsara manufofi don sabuntawa bangaren jama'a.
* Don bayar da rahoto ga majalisar ministoci da / ko majalisa.

Sauran manufofi da ayyuka masu alaƙa da MAMPU sune:

* Don karfafa tsarin gudanarwa da shirin albarkatun ɗan adam a matakin Tarayya, jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi.
* Don ingantawa da sabunta tsarin gudanarwa da aikinsa, ta hanyar nazarin tsarin da aikinsa.
* Gabatar da sabbin dabarun da ke cikin bangarorin gudanarwa na gwamnati, da inganta tsarin sarrafa kayan aiki, albarkatu, da shirye-shirye, a duk matakan gwamnati.
* Gabatar da ingantaccen tsarin tsarin tsarin tsarin albarkatun ɗan adam da ci gaba, don yin hasashen buƙatun yanzu da na gaba da bukatun ma'aikata (albarkatun mutum) don ci gaban tattalin arziki.
* Kulawa da daidaita sayayya da amfani da kayan aiki, ta hukumomin gwamnati daban-daban.

* Sashen Tsarin Ayyuka
* Sashen Inganta Ayyuka
* Sashen Gudanar da Kudi
* Sashen Fasahar Bayanai
* Ƙungiyar aiki da Sashen Gudanarwa
* Binciken Manufofin Gudanarwa da Sashen Bincike na Ƙungiya

A ƙarshe, muhimman ayyukan MAMPU gabaɗaya shine taimakawa kungiyoyin gwamnati daban-daban a matakin Tarayya, Jiha, da Karamar Hukumar, kan batutuwan da suka shafi zamani da sake fasalin bangaren jama'a da gwamnati, musamman na sake fasalin gudanarwa. Don haka, ana iya ɗaukar MAMPU a matsayin iko mafi girma wajen saita ma'auni da manufofi don bunkasa, sabuntawa da sake fasalin gwamnati (Jeong, 2012).

Ainihin, mafi mahimmanci shine aikin e-Gwamnati, wanda ya kasance daya daga cikin sanannun aikin (flagship) a karkashin MAMPU, wanda a lokaci guda ya yi aiki tare da MDeC da Accenture, a kokarin su na taimakawa inganta bangaren jama'a. Firayim Minista na Malaysia na lokacin, Mahathir Mohamad (1981-2003) ne ya kaddamar da tutar e-Government a shekarar 1996.

## Manazarta
Hukumar yaki da cin hanci da rashawa ta Malaysia

Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa ta Malaysia (Malay: Suruhanjaya Pencegahan Rasuah Malaysia; Jawi:  ), mai suna MACC ko SPRM (wanda aka fi sani da Anti-Corruption Agency, ACA ko Badan Pencegah Rasuah, BPR), wata hukuma ce a Malaysia da ke bincike tare da gurfanar da rashawa a cikin jama'a da masu zaman kansu.

## Tarihi
Don shawo kan matsalar cin hanci da rashawa, gwamnatin Malaysia ta kafa Hukumar yaki da cin hanci leken asiri (BPR) wacce ta fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1967.

Daga baya aka canza BPR zuwa Hukumar yaki da cin hanci da rashawa ta Malaysia (MACC) a ranar 1 ga Janairun 2009.

Babban Kwamishinan Azam Baki ne ke jagorantar MACC, wanda ya maye gurbin Latheefa Koya a ranar 9 ga Maris 2020. 

## Ayyuka
An tsara MACC ne bayan manyan hukumomin yaki da cin hanci da rashawa, kamar su Hukumar Mai Zaman Kantawa ta Hong Kong da Hukumar Mai Zaman Rantawa ta Cin Hanci da rashi a New South Wales (ICAC), Australia.

Manufar MACC ita ce ta yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da cin zarafin iko. MACC tana da alhakin binciken shari'o'in cin hanci da rashawa da kuma tabbatar da cewa ana hukunta wadanda ke da hannu a cikin laifin.

MACC kuma tana ilimantar da Malaysians don gujewa da ƙin laifukan cin hanci da rashawa. Ana kuma gudanar da shirye-shirye daban-daban kamar tattaunawa da kamfen don wayar da kan jama'a game da haɗarin cin hanci da rashawa ga mutane da ƙasar.

## Kulawa
Akwai ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu guda biyar waɗanda ke sa ido kan MACC don tabbatar da amincinta da kuma kare haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa.

Ana gudanar da waɗannan ƙungiyoyi daban daga wasu ofisoshin gwamnati don samar da hangen nesa mai zaman kansa.

Jikin guda biyar sune: 

# Kwamitin Ba da Shawara kan Cin Hanci da Rashawa
# Kwamitin Musamman kan Cin Hanci da rashawa
# Kwamitin korafe-korafe
# Kwamitin Binciken Ayyuka
# Kwamitin Bincike da Rigakafin Cin Hanci da Rashawa

## Jerin Babban Kwamishinonin MACC

* Ahmad Said Hamdan (14 ga Mayu 2007 - 31 ga Disamba 2009) 
* Abu Kassim Mohamed (1 ga Janairu 2010 - 31 ga Yuli 2016) 
* Dzulkifli Ahmad (1 ga Agusta 2016 - 14 ga Mayu 2018) 
* Mohamad Shukri Abdull (17 ga Mayu 2018 - 4 ga Yuni 2019) 
* Latheefa Beebi Koya (4 Yuni 2019 - 6 Maris 2020) 
* Azam Baki (9 Maris 2020 - Yanzu) 

## Alamomi

### Alamar

#### Taurari (14 kusurwoyi)
Tauraron yana nuna kyawawan jihohi da gwamnatoci 13 marasa cin hanci da rashawa, kuma cewa 'yan ƙasa suna da ƙarfi a cikin dabi'un addini da na tunani kuma suna motsawa ta hanyar mafi girman matakin ɗabi'a.

#### Crescent
Wata mai tsawo yana nuna addinin Islama wanda kuma shine addinin hukuma na kasar. Sanin addini da *taqwa* (piety) na iya kauce wa ayyukan cin hanci da rashawa.

### Tsakanin Kris

## Dubi kuma
 

* Cin hanci da rashawa a Malaysia
* ACeIO FC

## Manazarta
Malaysia Office of the Chief Government Security Officer

**Malaysia Office of the Chief Government Security Officer** (**CGSO**; Malay: Pejabat Ketua Pegawai Keselamatan Kerajaan Malaysia) is a unit under the Prime Minister's Department of the Malaysian federal government. CGSO is tasked with developing and implementing security policies and procedures to protect government personnel, facilities, and assets from internal and external threats.

## Tarihi
An nada Babban Jami'in Tsaro na Gwamnati (CGSO) a ranar 15 ga Yuni, 1957, don zama mai alhakin Sakataren Dindindin na Sashen Firayim Minista. An tsara sharuɗɗan bayanin CGSO a cikin Babban Circular na Jami'in Tsaro na Gwamnati No. 1, na 1958.

Babban aikin CGSO shine samar da sabis na ba da shawara ga hukumomin gwamnati. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen karewa daga leken asiri, sabuntawa, da ɓarkewar bayanai ba tare da izini ba. An tura ofishin CGSO zuwa Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida a farkon shekarun 1960, amma an mayar da shi zuwa Ma'aikatan Firayim Minista a shekarar 1977. Ofishin CGSO na ci gaba da aiwatar da ayyukansa da nauyin da suka shafi kariya kamar yadda gwamnati ta tsara. [1]

## Ayyuka

* Ci gaba da manufofi don gudanar da tsaro na kariya da kuma magance barazanar sabuntawa wanda zai iya shafar ayyukan gwamnati da bukatun kasa.
* Inganta wayar da kan jama'a da kuma karfafa al'adun kariya.
* Tilasta bin Dokar Asirin hukuma ta 1972 da Dokar Tsaro (Binciken da Gyara 2017).
* Tabbatar da bin ka'idojin Tsaro na ICT daidai da Dokokin Tsaro (Bincike da Kwaskwarima na 2017) da ka'idoji masu dacewa.
* Tabbatar da bin ka'idojin Tsaro na ICT daidai da Dokokin Tsaro (Bincike da Kwaskwarima na 2017) da ka'idoji masu dacewa.
* Gudanar da manufofin tsaro na mutum ga jami'an gwamnati da jam'iyyun masu zaman kansu da ke da alaƙa da kare kadarori da mahimman manufofi na ƙasa.

## Manazarta
Itacen Brenton

**Alfred Jesse Smith** (26 ga Yuli, 1941 - 3 ga Janairu, 2025), wanda aka fi sani da **Brenton Wood**, mawaki ne kuma mawaƙi ɗan Amurka. Waƙoƙi uku na Wood's na 1967, " The Oogum Boogum Song " (wanda ya kai matsayi na 34 a kan *Billboard* Hot 100 na Amurka), " Gimme Little Sign " (ya kai matsayi na 9), da "Baby You Got It" (wanda shi ma ya kai matsayi na 34) sun kasance shahararrun waƙoƙi .

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Alfred Jesse Smith a Shreveport da ke arewa maso yammacin Louisiana a ranar 26 ga Yuli, 1941. [1] [2] Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa San Pedro da ke Los Angeles lokacin da Smith yake ƙarami. Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta San Pedro a wani ɓangare na shekararsa ta farko ta makarantar sakandare sannan ya koma Compton, inda ya zama memba na ƙungiyar tseren makarantar sakandare ta Compton kuma ya sami kyaututtuka da dama saboda nasarorin da ya samu a wasanni.

Bayan kammala karatunsa, Smith ya shiga Kwalejin Gabashin Los Angeles . Ba da daɗewa ba, ya karɓi sunan **Brenton Wood** a dandamali, wataƙila daga unguwar Brentwood da ke Los Angeles.  Waƙoƙin Jesse Belvin da Sam Cooke sun yi masa tasiri. Ya fara rubutu yayin da shi ma ya zama ɗan piano. 

## Sana'a

### shekarun 1960
Sabuwar wakar Wood mai suna "The Oogum Boogum Song"  an fitar da ita a Double Shot Records, kuma ta kai matsayi na 19 a jadawalin *Billboard* Ramp;B na Amurka da kuma matsayi na 34 a kan  Hot 100 a bazara na 1967. Babban wakar Wood ta zo ne bayan 'yan watanni, yayin da "Gimme Little Sign" ta kai matsayi na 9 a jadawalin pop,  ta kai matsayi na 19 a jadawalin R&B da kuma matsayi na 8 a jadawalin Singles na Burtaniya .  Wakar ta sayar da kwafi sama da miliyan daya kuma an ba ta faifan zinare .  Wakar Wood mai suna "Baby You Got It" (1967)  ta kai matsayi na 34 a kan Hot 100 a makon da ya gabata na 1967. Kungiyar magoya bayansa a shekarun 1960 ita ce Kent da The Candidates da ke zaune a LA, wanda Kent Sprague mai buga ganga ya jagoranta.   Sun kuma yi rikodin waƙoƙi da dama don alamar Double Shot .  

### shekarun 1970
A shekarar 1972, Wood ya kafa kamfanin rikodin nasa kuma ya fitar da waƙar "Sticky Boom Boom [Too Cold] Part I and II" tare da abokan aikin George Semper (mai shiryawa, mai shiryawa) da Al McKay (mai rubutawa, mai yin wasan kwaikwayo) na Earth, Wind &amp;amp; Fire .  Wood ya kuma yi rikodin waƙar duet tare da Shirley Goodman . 

Wood ya yi rikodin waƙar "Rainin' Love (You Gotta Feel It)" wadda aka fitar a Midget M-101 a shekarar 1975. Tare da "Bump Me Baby" na Dooley Silverspoon, "The Mighty Clouds of Joy" na Mighty Clouds of Joy, "Come on Down (Get Your Head Out of the Clouds)" na Greg Perry, da sauransu, mujallar *Cash Box* ta lissafa "Rainin' Love (You Gotta Feel It)" a matsayin Sabon Zuwa kuma mujallar ta yi bitar waƙar da kyau, tana hasashen cewa za ta haifar da rudani.  Waƙar Wood ta gaba a jadawalin ita ce " Come Softly to Me " a shekarar 1977. 

### MANAZARTA
David Lodge

**David John Lodge** CBE FRSL (28 Janairu 1935 - 1 Janairu 2025) marubuci ne kuma mai sukar Turanci. Ya kasance farfesa a fannin adabi a Jami'ar Birmingham har zuwa 1987, kuma wasu daga cikin littattafansa suna yin barkwanci game da rayuwar ilimi, musamman "Campus Trilogy" - *Canging Places : A Tale of Two Campuses* (1975), *Small World: An Academic Romance* (1984) da *Nice Work* (1988). An zaɓi biyu na biyu don kyautar Booker . Wani jigo kuma shine Roman Catholicism, wanda ya fara daga littafinsa na farko da aka buga *The Picturegoers* (1960). Lodge ya kuma rubuta shirye-shiryen talabijin da wasannin kwaikwayo uku. Bayan ya yi ritaya, ya ci gaba da buga sukar adabi. Bugunsa na *Twentieth Century Literary Criticism* (1972) ya haɗa da kasidu kan marubutan ƙarni na 20 kamar TS Eliot . A shekarar 1992, ya buga littafin *The Art of Fiction*, tarin kasidu kan dabarun adabi tare da misalai masu kyau daga manyan marubuta, kamar "Point of View" ( Henry James ), "The Stream of Consciousness" ( Virginia Woolf ) da "Interior Monologue" ( James Joyce ), wanda ya fara da "Beginning" sannan ya ƙare da "Ending".

An haifi Lodge a Brockley, kudu maso gabashin London. Gidan iyalansa har zuwa 1959 shine 81 Millmark Grove, titin zama mai gidaje masu hawa biyu na shekarun 1930 tsakanin Brockley Cross da Barriedale. Mahaifinsa, mai buga saxophonist, ya buga a cikin ƙungiyar rawa.  Littafin Lodge na farko da aka buga, *The Picturegoers* (1960), ya yi amfani da abubuwan da suka faru a farkon "Brickley" (wanda ya dogara da Brockley) da gidan yarintarsa, wanda ya sake ziyarta a cikin littattafan da suka biyo baya, *Therapy* (1995), *Deaf Sentence* (2008) da *Quite A Good Time to be Born: A Memoir* (2015).  Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ya tilasta wa Lodge da mahaifiyarsa su ƙaura zuwa Surrey da Cornwall .  Ya halarci Kwalejin Katolika ta St Joseph, Blackheath . 

### Karatun jami'a
A shekarar 1952, Lodge ya shiga Kwalejin Jami'ar Landan, inda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin Fasaha a shekarar 1955. [1] A can ya haɗu da matarsa ta gaba, Mary Frances Jacob, a matsayin ɗaliba, lokacin da suke da shekaru 18. [1] A halin yanzu, ya rubuta wani littafi na farko, wanda ba a buga ba (1953): Shaidan, Duniya da Jiki . Bayan kammala karatunsa daga jami'a, Lodge ya yi shekaru biyu a cikin Rundunar Sojojin Sama ta Royal Armoured Corps a kan hidimar ƙasa, wanda ya samar da tushe ga littafinsa Ginger You're Barmy . Daga nan ya koma Jami'ar Landan, inda ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin Fasaha a shekarar 1959 don yin rubutun digiri a kan "Labarin Katolika daga Oxford Movement zuwa Yanzu".

### Iyali da farkon aikinsu
A shekarar 1959, Lodge da Jacob suka yi aure suna da shekaru 24. Daga baya Lodge ya ce, "Yanzu abin ya zama abin mamaki. Ba ni da wata dama, ba ni da aiki, ba ni da kuɗi sosai, amma bai taɓa damuna ba. Ba ma son yara a lokacin da suka haife su, amma mun ci gaba da hakan."   Sun haifi 'ya'ya a shekarar 1960 da 1963, ɗa da 'ya mace, da kuma ɗa na biyu, Christopher, wanda aka haifa a shekarar 1966 yana fama da cutar Down syndrome . 

### MANAZARTA
Wayne Osmond

**Melvin Wayne Osmond** (28 ga Agusta, 1951 - 1 ga Janairu, 2025) mawakin Amurka ne. Shi ne na biyu mafi tsufa a cikin mawakan Osmond Brothers na asali kuma shi ne na huɗu mafi tsufa a cikin 'yan'uwa tara na Osmond.

## Osmonds
Tun daga shekarar 1958, Wayne da 'yan uwansa uku ( Alan, Merrill, da Jay ) suka fara rera waka a matsayin ƙungiyar aski . Daga baya Jay Emerson Williams, mahaifin Andy Williams, ya gano su a shekarar 1961, a wani wasan kwaikwayo a Disneyland wanda ake ɗaukar fim ɗin Disneyland After Dark a cikin shirin *Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color* . A shekarar 1962, an yi wa Osmonds huɗun fim ɗin a cikin shekaru bakwai a shirin NBC na *The Andy Williams Show*, wani shiri na kiɗa iri-iri. Bayan rashin nasarar waƙoƙin farko, MGM Records ta sanya hannu kan ƙungiyar, wanda ya sami kwarin gwiwa daga nasarar Jackson 5, kuma ta aika su zuwa Muscle Shoals, inda suka yi rikodin *One Bad Apple*, waƙa da aka fara rubuta wa Jacksons amma kamfaninsu ya ƙi.  Kowanne daga cikin waɗannan 'yan'uwan Osmond huɗu an kuma jefa su a cikin shirye-shirye tara na jerin ABC Western na 1963-1964, *The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters*, tare da Wayne a matsayin matashi Leviticus Kissel. 

A cikin ƙungiyar mawakan, Osmond ya buga guitar  kuma wani lokacin yana buga ganguna,  da sauran kayan kida da yawa. Jim kaɗan kafin mutuwarsa, Osmond ya bayyana cewa ya koyi buga kayan kida guda takwas a lokacin da yake tare da ƙungiyar mawakan.  An gano cewa yana da cikakkiyar siffa kuma ya karɓi ayyukan tsara muryar daga mahaifiyarsa bayan ya isa ya yi hakan.  Ayyukansa na gitar da gudummawar rubuta waƙa sun yi tasiri sosai a waƙoƙin rock na ƙungiyar, tare da wani rahoto a *Forbes* wanda ya yaba masa a matsayin "mai yankewa (.)" 

Zuwansa na ƙarshe da aka yi niyyar yi da Osmonds shine 13 ga Oktoba, 2018; duk da haka, 'yan'uwan huɗun sun yi wasa a matsayin ƙungiya shekara guda bayan haka a shirin CBS na rana The Talk, a matsayin kyautar ranar haihuwa ga 'yar'uwarsu, Marie .

## Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa
An haifi Osmond a ranar 28 ga Agusta, 1951, ga Olive May (née Davis; 1925–2004) da George Virl Osmond (1917–2007) a Ogden, Utah.  Shi ne na huɗu cikin yara tara.  Kamar sauran iyalansa, shi memba ne na Cocin Yesu Kiristi na Waliyyan Ƙarshe,  galibi saboda yana "son(d) kasancewa ɓangare na wannan ƙungiyar," wacce ta yi daidai da ɗabi'unsa na sirri.  A cikin 2004, ya ce game da imaninsa: "muna da ƙa'idar ɗabi'a da ɗabi'a mai girma da muke rayuwa da ita&nbsp;... ba wani abu ne da aka tilasta mana ba. Kowa zai iya yin abin da yake so; kowa yana da ikonsa na 'yanci. A gaskiya ma, wannan ita ce babbar kyautar Allah ga ɗan adam, ikonsa na 'yanci."  Ya kuma lura cewa bai taɓa jin wata babbar jaraba ta shiga cikin ayyukan zunubi kamar su al'amura, maganganun batsa ko shan muggan kwayoyi ba. 

### MANAZARTA
Black Bart (mai laifi)

**Charles E. Boles** (  – An ganshi a ƙarshe a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, 1888), wanda aka fi sani da **Black Bart**, ɗan fashi ɗan Amurka ne wanda aka haifa a Ingila, wanda aka san shi da saƙonnin waƙa da ya bari bayan fashi biyu da ya yi. Abokansa galibi suna kiransa Charley, kuma an san shi da **Charles** (ko **CE** ) **Bolton** .  An ɗauke shi a matsayin ɗan fashi mai suna wanda ya shahara da salo da fasaha,  yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan fashin jirgin ƙasa da suka yi aiki a Arewacin California da Kudancin Oregon a shekarun 1870 da 1880.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Charles Boles a kusan shekarar 1829 a Norfolk, Ingila ga John da Maria Boles (wani lokacin ana rubuta musu Bolles). Shi ne na uku cikin 'ya'ya goma, yana da 'yan'uwa maza shida da 'yan'uwa mata uku.  Lokacin da yake ɗan shekara biyu, iyayensa suka yi ƙaura zuwa Jefferson County, New York, inda mahaifinsa ya sayi gona  arewacin Kauyen Plessis a gefen Alexandria Bay .

### Rushin Zinare na California
A ƙarshen shekarar 1849, Boles da 'yan uwansa David da James sun shiga California Gold Rush, suna neman kayan tarihi a North Fork na kogin Amurka kusa da Sacramento . Sun yi tafiya zuwa New York a shekarar 1852, amma daga baya Boles ya dawo. tare da 'yan uwansa David da Robert. 'Yan uwansa biyu sun yi rashin lafiya jim kaɗan bayan isowarsu kuma suka mutu. [1] Charles Boles ya ci gaba da zama a California na tsawon shekaru biyu kafin ya daina ya kuma koma Gabas.

A shekara ta 1854, Boles (wanda yanzu ya yi amfani da wannan rubutun) ya auri Mary Elizabeth Johnson. A shekara ta 1860, suna zaune tare da 'ya'yansu huɗu a Decatur, Illinois .

### Yaƙin Basasa
A ranar 13 ga Agusta, 1862, Boles ya shiga aikin soja na sirri a Kamfanin B, Rundunar Soja ta 116 ta Illinois (ana rubuta sunansa "Boles" a cikin bayanan kamfanin). Ya zama Sajanti na Farko cikin shekara guda. Boles ya ji rauni sosai a Yaƙin Vicksburg, kuma ya shiga cikin Tafiyar Sherman zuwa Teku  . Ya sami kwamitocin brevet a matsayin Laftanar na biyu da Laftanar na farko, kuma a ranar 7 ga Yuni, 1865, an sallame shi tare da rundunarsa a Washington, DC. Daga ƙarshe ya koma gida ga iyalinsa a Illinois.

### Ana sake neman sa
### MANAZARTA
Ananda Krishnan

**Tatparanandam Ananda Krishnan** (1 Afrilu 1938 - 28 Nuwamba 2024), wanda kuma aka sani da farkon **A.&nbsp;K.**, ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan ƙasar Malaysia wanda ya kafa kuma ya jagoranci Usaha Tegas  kuma ya kafa Gidauniyar Yu Cai (YCF). 

A lokacin mutuwarsa, an kiyasta cewa yana da dukiyar da ta kai dala biliyan 5.1 na Amurka  a cewar Forbes wanda hakan ya sanya shi a matsayi na 671 a cikin mutane mafi arziki a duniya kuma na uku a cikin masu arziki a Malaysia.  Ananda Krishnan ya guji bayyana kansa ga jama'a  kuma an san shi da kasancewa mai ƙarancin suna ga mutumin da yake da matsayi.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Ananda Krishnan a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 1938 a Brickfields, Kuala Lumpur ga iyayensa 'yan Tamil kuma asalinsa yana da asali a Jaffna, Sri Lanka . Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Vivekananda Tamil da ke Brickfields sannan ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Victoria Institution, Kuala Lumpur. Daga baya, a matsayinsa na malamin Colombo Plan, ya halarci Jami'ar Melbourne, Australia don digirinsa na BA (Honours) a fannin kimiyyar siyasa. A wannan lokacin, ya yi karatu a unguwar Hawthorn da ke Melbourne . Bayan haka, Krishnan ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci daga Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard, inda ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1964. 

Krishnan mai bin addinin Buddha ne kuma yana da 'ya'ya uku, 'ya'ya mata biyu da ɗa ɗaya. Ɗansa tilo, Ven Ajahn Sirapanyo, wani malamin addinin Buddha ne na Theravada .  

Sabanin yawancin ra'ayoyin da ba a fahimta ba, ba a ba Ananda Krishnan wani matsayi na tarayya ko na girmamawa ba. 

## Sana'a
Kamfanin farko na Krishnan na kasuwanci shine kamfanin ba da shawara na Malaysia MAI Holdings Sdn Bhd. Ya kafa Exoil Trading, wanda ya ci gaba da siyan rangwamen haƙo mai a ƙasashe daban-daban. [1] Daga baya, ya koma yin caca (a Malaysia). A farkon shekarun 1990, ya fara bazuwa zuwa fagen watsa labarai.

Yana da sha'awar kasuwanci a fannin kafofin watsa labarai ( Astro ), tauraron dan adam ( MEASAT ), mai da iskar gas ( Bumi Armada, Pexco), sadarwa ( Maxis, Sri Lanka Telecom ). Ya mallaki hannun jari a Kamfanin Tanjong Public Limited, wani kamfanin saka hannun jari tare da rassansa da ke da hannu a harkokin nishaɗi ( TGV Cinemas ) da kadarori (67% Maxis Tower da sauransu).

Krishnan ya fara shahara ne ta hanyar taimakawa wajen shirya kade-kade na Live Aid tare da Bob Geldof a tsakiyar shekarun 1980. A farkon shekarun 1990, ya fara gina daular multimedia wacce yanzu ta ƙunshi kamfanonin sadarwa guda biyu - Maxis Communications, MEASAT Broadcast Network Systems da SES World Skies - kuma tana da tauraron dan adam guda uku na sadarwa da ke kewaye da Duniya.

## Mutuwa
Krishnan ya mutu sakamakon dalilai na halitta a tsaunukan Swiss a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba, 2024 yana da shekaru 86.  

### MANAZARTA