Birane don Ranar Rayuwa

Cities for Life Day wani biki ne na duniya wanda ke tallafawa kawar da hukuncin kisa. Ana yin bikin ne a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba na kowace shekara - ranar da a shekara ta 1786 Grand Duchy na Tuscany, a ƙarƙashin mulkin Pietro Leopoldo (daga baya Sarkin sarakuna mai tsarki na Roma Leopold II), ya zama jihar farar hula ta farko a duniya da ta kawar da azabtarwa da hukuncin kisa.

## Tarihi
Cesare Beccaria na ɗaya daga cikin manyan marubutan wayewar Italiya, wanda aka san shi da aikinsa na Of Crimes and Punishments (1764), wanda daga baya aka fassara shi cikin harsuna 22. A ciki, Beccaria ya gabatar da wasu muhawara ta zamani ta farko game da hukuncin kisa. Littafinsa kuma shine cikakken aikin farko na ilimin lissafi, yana ba da shawarar sake fasalin tsarin dokar aikata laifuka. Littafin shine aikin farko na cikakken aiki don magance sake fasalin aikata laifuka da kuma ba da shawarar cewa adalci na aikata laifukan ya kamata ya bi ka'idojin tunani.

A sakamakon haka a Italiya jihar farko da ta gabata don soke hukuncin kisa ita ce Grand Duchy na Tuscany a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 1786, a ƙarƙashin mulkin Pietro Leopoldo, daga baya Sarkin sarakuna mai tsarki Leopold II. Don haka Tuscany ita ce jihar farar hula ta farko a duniya da ta kawar da azabtarwa da hukuncin kisa.

Tun daga wannan lokacin a cikin ƙarni biyu da suka gabata ƙin hukuncin kisa yana ƙaruwa a duk faɗin duniya:

"A cikin shekara ta 2012, jihohi 141 sun soke ko dai ta hanyar doka ko a kan wani dalili na ainihi hukuncin kisa, yayin da har yanzu yana cikin littattafai a cikin ƙasashe 51. Tun daga shekara ta 2007, Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya yi kira akai-akai don dakatar da duniya tare da ra'ayi game da kawar da hukuncin kisa gaba ɗaya. A cikin shekara ta 2011 an sami ci gaba a duk yankuna na duniya: Illinois ya zama abolitionist kuma a watan Afrilu na 2012 Connecticut ya zama jiha ta 17 don kawar da hukuncin mutuwa, don haka ya zama jiyya ta biyar na Amurka don soke hukuncin kisa. "

## Halaye
A ranar "Cities for Life Day", Nuwamba 30, manyan birane da yawa  a duniya suna murna da kawar da hukuncin kisa na farko da wata jiha ta Turai ta yi, wanda Leopold II, Sarkin sarakuna na Habsburg-Lorraine ya ba da umarni a cikin 1786 don Babban Duchy na Tuscany. A wannan lokacin biranen da suka halarci taron sun nuna jajircewarsu ga rayuwa da kuma adawa da hukuncin kisa.

A wannan rana, biranen da suka halarci taron suna haskaka wani abin tunawa na alama, kamar Atomic a Brussels, Colosseum a Roma da Plaza na Santa Ana a Madrid. Biranen da suka halarci a shekara ta 2009 sun hada da manyan birane sama da 60 a duk duniya, da kuma birane da garuruwa sama da 1,200 a duniya, kamar Roma, Brussels, Madrid, Ottawa, Mexico City, Berlin, Barcelona, Florence, Venice, Buenos Aires, Austin, Dallas, Antwerp, Vienna, Naples, Paris, Copenhagen, Stockholm, Reggio Emilia, Bogotá, Santiago na Chile.

Ta hanyar wannan mataki na alama, waɗannan biranen suna buƙatar dakatar da duk hukuncin kisa a duk duniya. Wannan shirin yana ingantawa ne daga Al'ummar Sant'Egidio kuma manyan kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na kasa da kasa suna tallafawa, wadanda suka taru a cikin Ƙungiyar Duniya da ke Yaki da Hukuncin Mutuwa (Amnesty International, Ensemble contre la Peine de Mort, International Penal Reform, FIACAT).

A shekara ta 2005, Ranar Birane don Rayuwa ta kuma nuna taron "Afirka don Rayuwa" game da hukuncin kisa a Afirka, inda Ministocin shari'a 14 daga kasashe da yawa na Afirka suka halarta. Taron ya faru ne a Florence, Tuscany .

Birane suna ci gaba da shiga wannan dalili, da yawa a cikin ƙasashe waɗanda ke kula da hukuncin kisa. A cikin 2012 akwai 1,625, daga cikinsu 72 manyan birane ne.

## Dubi kuma

* Ƙungiyar Duniya da ke Kan Hukuncin Mutuwa
* Al'ummar Sant'Egidio
* Ranar Duniya ta Kariya ta Mutuwa

## Manazarta