Mulkin Mallakar Nijar

**Mulkin Mallakar Nijar** ko ***Colonie du Niger*** da (Faransanci) mallakar mulkin mallaka ce ta Faransa da ke rufe yawancin yankin jihar Nijar ta Yammacin Afirka ta zamani, da kuma wasu sassan Mali, Burkina Faso da Chadi. Ya wanzu a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban daga 1900 zuwa 1960 amma an kira shi Colonie du Niger ne kawai daga 1922 zuwa 1960.

## Yankin Soja
Yayinda Faransanci suka mallaki wasu yankunan Nijar ta zamani a cikin shekarun 1890, an kafa yankin soja na Zinder a ranar 23 ga Yuli 1900. Wannan yankin soja kawai ya mallaki abin da ke kudancin Nijar na zamani, tare da mulkin mallaka kawai a gabashin Zinder ko arewacin Tanout. Kwamandan ta ya kasance a ƙauyen Sorbo-Haoussa kusa da Niamey, inda aka ƙaura hedkwatar a cikin 1903. A fannin gudanarwa, ya kasance wani ɓangare na mulkin mallaka na Senegambia da Nijar daga 1902 zuwa 1904 da kuma mulkin mallaka ya Upper Senegal da Nijar Daga 1904 zuwa 1911. Yayinda jami'an Sojojin Ruwa na Faransa ke jagoranta, kasafin kudin da gudanarwa sun dogara da Mataimakin Gwamna a Kayes (Bamako na baya), kuma yanke shawara na soja - da kuma hulɗa da hukumomi a cikin Metropole ko wasu yankuna ta hanyar Gwamna Janar a Dakar.  Yankin kuma ya bayyana a taswirar Faransanci a matsayin "*Yankin Soja na Uku*". A ranar 22 ga Yuni 1910 an sake sunan yankin Yankin Sojojin Nijar, kuma ya haɗa da sassan arewa maso gabashin Mali na zamani (Gao Cercle) da Arewacin Chadi (Tibesti Cercle). A ranar 21 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1911 kungiyar Gao ta ba da izini ga Sudan ta Faransa, kuma a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, an yi ƙoƙari don kafa wuraren zama na dindindin na Faransa a arewa da gabas, a Bilma, N'guigmi da sauran wurare. A cikin 1911, an tura hedkwatar yankin zuwa Zinder, yana nuna kwanciyar hankali na yammacin yankin, da kuma tsoron mamayewa daga Birtaniya zuwa Kudu da Italiya daga Libya. Duk da wannan, ikon Faransa na yankunan arewa da gabas ya kasance kadan. Tare da Mauritania, Nijar ta kasance kawai ɓangaren Yammacin Afirka ta Faransa da ta kasance a ƙarƙashin mulkin soja.

## Mulkin mallaka na farar hula
A ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1922 farar hula na Nijar sun mallaki mafi yawan yankunan kudanci da yamma, tare da mataimakin gwamna yana ba da rahoto ga Gwamna Janar na Afirka ta Yamma. Halittawar Faransanci Upper Volta a matsayin mulkin mallaka na farar hula ya cire yankunan Nijar na zamani a yammacin Kogin Neja. A cikin 1926, an sake komawa babban birnin zuwa Niamey daga Zinder. A cikin 1931, Tibesti Cercle ya ba da izini ga Chadi Colony a cikin Faransanci Equatorial Africa, kuma a cikin 1932, an raba mulkin mallaka na Faransanci Upper Volta tsakanin maƙwabtanta, tare da Cercles of Dori da Fada N'gourma sun ba da izinin Nijar Colony.

## Yaƙin Duniya na II
Jami'an mulkin mallaka na Nijar, ba kamar makwabciyar Chadi ba, sun kasance masu aminci ga Gwamnatin Vichy ta Faransa bayan 1940, kuma ta haka ne suka rufe iyakar kudancin (zuwa Najeriya) da iyakar gabashin har zuwa 1944.

## Rashin mulkin mallaka
A ranar 31 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1946 an ba da Yankin Soja na N'Guigmi da Agadez ga mulkin mallaka na Nijar, inda aka bar Bilma Circle kawai a matsayin sashin soja na karshe na Nijar ta zamani. Wannan yanki a arewa maso gabas ya zo ne kawai a karkashin gwamnatin farar hula ta Faransa a shekarar 1956.

A shekara ta 1947, an sake gina Upper Volta na Faransa, kuma an ba da Circle of Dori da Fada N'Gourma ga Upper Volta Colony. Duk da yake akwai ƙananan canje-canje na iyaka bayan 1947, an kafa iyakokin Nijar na zamani tare da wannan canjin.

Bayan Loi Cadre na 1956, an kirkiro rudiments na mulkin ciki tare da Majalisar Yankin Nijar da aka zaba ta hanyar kuri'un jama'a, amma tana riƙe da masu ba da shawara da ikon gudanarwa kawai. A shekara ta 1958 Ƙungiyar Faransanci ta yi nasara a Ƙungiyar Farãas. A ranar 25 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1958 Mataimakin Gwamna ya zama Babban Kwamishinan Nijar, amma ya kasance Shugaban Jiha na wata jiha mai zaman kanta wacce ke kula da wasu gwamnatocin cikin gida.

Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 25 ga Fabrairu 1959 ya tabbatar da shi ta Majalisar Dokokin Nijar, ƙungiyar da aka kirkira don wannan dalili daga Majalisar Yankin Nijar da aka zaba a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1958. A ranar 12 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1959 Majalisar Dokoki ta zama Majalisar Dokoki ta Nijar, tare da shugaban gwamnati, Hamani Diori, yana riƙe da taken Shugaban Majalisar. An ba da ikon zartarwa a cikin Majalisar, tare da kundin tsarin mulki da ke kafa abubuwa, kamar tutar Nijar, taken kasa na Nijar da kuma makamai na Nijar, tare da harshe kan sunayen hukumomin siyasa, hakkoki da iko waɗanda aka riƙe a cikin matani na gaba.

Bayan Yaƙin Aljeriya da rushewar Jamhuriyar Faransa ta huɗu, yankunan Tarayyar Faransa sun sami cikakken 'yanci a shekarar 1960. Nijar ta tabbatar da kundin tsarin mulkinta na farko mai zaman kanta a ranar 8 ga Nuwamba 1960, kuma Jean Colombani ya sauka a matsayin babban kwamishinan a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba 1960.

## Bayani

## Bayanan da aka ambata

* Nijar: Rulers.org Samun dama 2009-04-15.
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