Antony Sher

**Sir Antony Sher** (14 Yuni 1949 - 2 Disamba 2021) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Burtaniya, marubuci kuma darektan gidan wasan kwaikwayo na asalin Afirka ta Kudu. Wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Laurence Olivier sau biyu kuma wanda aka zaba sau biyar, ya shiga Kamfanin Royal Shakespeare a 1982 kuma ya zagaya a wurare da yawa, tare da bayyana a fim da talabijin. A shekara ta 2001, ya fito a wasan kwaikwayon dan uwansa Ronald Harwood Mahler's Conversion, kuma ya ce labarin wani mawaki da ya sadaukar da bangaskiyarsa don aikinsa ya nuna gwagwarmayarsa.

A lokacin "Commonwealth Tour" na 2017, Yarima Charles ya kira Sher a matsayin dan wasan da ya fi so. Sher da abokin aikinsa kuma abokin aiki Gregory Doran sun zama ɗaya daga cikin ma'aurata na farko na jinsi ɗaya da suka shiga haɗin gwiwar farar hula a Burtaniya.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Sher a ranar 14 ga Yuni 1949 a Cape Town, Afirka ta Kudu, ɗan Margery (Abramowitz) da Emmanuel Sher, waɗanda ke aiki a kasuwanci. Ya kasance dan uwan farko da aka cire shi daga marubucin wasan kwaikwayo Sir Ronald Harwood .

Ya girma a unguwar Sea Point, inda ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Sea Point . 

Sher ya koma Ingila a shekarar 1968  kuma ya yi sauraro a Makarantar Magana da Wasan kwaikwayo ta Tsakiya da Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA), amma bai yi nasara ba. A maimakon haka ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Webber Douglas na Dramatic Art daga 1969 zuwa 1971 kuma daga baya a kan karatun digiri na shekara guda da Sashen Wasan kwaikwayo na Jami'ar Manchester da Makarantar Wasanni ta Manchester ke gudanarwa tare. 
Sher ya zama ɗan ƙasar Burtaniya a shekara ta 1979.

## Ayyuka
A cikin shekarun 1970s, Sher na daga cikin ƙungiyar matasa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da marubuta da ke aiki a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Liverpool Everyman .  Ya ƙunshi adadi kamar marubutan Alan Bleasdale da Willy Russell da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo Trevor Eve, Bernard Hill, Jonathan Pryce, da Julie Walters, Sher ya taƙaita aikin kamfanin tare da kalmar "anarchy ya yi mulki". Ya kuma yi wasa tare da ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo Gay Sweatshop, kafin ya shiga Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) a 1982.

Yayinda yake memba na RSC, an jefa Sher a cikin rawar da take takawa a *Tartuff* na Molière, kuma ya buga wauta a King Lear . Babban hutu ya zo ne a shekarar 1984, lokacin da ya taka rawar gani a Richard III kuma ya lashe lambar yabo ta Laurence Olivier . Har ila yau, ga RSC, Sher ya jagoranci a cikin irin waɗannan shirye-shirye kamar *Tamburlaine*, *Cyrano na Bergerac*, *Stanley*, da Macbeth, kuma a cikin 2014 ya buga Falstaff a cikin Henry IV Sashe na 1 da Henry IV Sasse na 2 a Stratford-upon-Avon da kuma yawon shakatawa na kasa. Ya buga wasan 'King Lear' daga 2016 zuwa 2018. Ya kuma buga Johnnie a cikin Athol Fugard's Hello and Goodbye, Iago a *Othello*, Malvolio a Twelfth Night, da Shylock a cikin The Merchant of Venice . Sher ya sami lambar yabo ta Laurence Olivier ta biyu a shekarar 1997 don aikinsa a matsayin [./&#x3C;i&#x20;id= Stanley_Spencer" id="mweQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Stanley Spencer">Stanley Spencer] a Stanley .

A shekara ta 2001, Sher ya taka rawar mawaƙa Gustav Mahler a cikin wasan kwaikwayon Ronald Harwood Mahler's Conversion, game da shawarar Mahler na yin watsi da bangaskiyarsa ta Yahudawa kafin nadinsa a matsayin mai gudanarwa da darektan fasaha na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Vienna a shekara ta 1897. Da yake magana game da rawar da Rupert Smith na *[[The Guardian]]* ya taka, Sher ya bayyana:Lokacin da na zo Ingila a 1968, ina da shekaru 19, na kalli kewaye da ni kuma ban ga wani jagora na Yahudawa a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya ba, don haka na yi tunanin ya fi kyau in ɓoye Yahudawa. Har ila yau, da sauri na fahimci wariyar launin fata lokacin da na isa nan, kuma ban so a san ni da fararen Afirka ta Kudu ba. An haife ni ne a cikin iyali mai son siyasa. Mun yi farin ciki da jin daɗin fa'idodin wariyar launin fata ba tare da yin tambaya game da tsarin da ke bayan shi ba. Karatun game da wariyar launin fata lokacin da na zo Ingila ya kasance mummunan abin mamaki. Don haka na rasa yaren kusan nan take, kuma idan wani ya tambaye ni inda na fito zai yi ƙarya. Idan sun tambayi inda na je makaranta, zan ce Hampstead, wanda ya sa ni cikin kowane irin matsala saboda ba shakka kowa ya je makaranta a Hampstead kuma suna so su san ko wane ne. Sa'an nan kuma akwai jima'i na. Gidan wasan kwaikwayon ya cika da 'yan luwadi, amma babu wani daga cikinsu da ya fita, kuma akwai wannan mummunan labari game da Gielgud da aka kama saboda cottaging, don haka na yi tunanin zai fi kyau in ɓoye hakan. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan abubuwa ya shiga cikin ɗakunan ajiya har sai duk asalin na ya kasance a cikin ɗakunan. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa wannan wasan ya yi mini sha'awa sosai: game da mai zane ne wanda ke canza asalinsa don samun abin da yake so.A shekara ta 2015, ya buga Willy Loman a cikin Death of a Salesman .

Har ila yau, yana da kyaututtuka da yawa na fim ga sunansa, ciki har da *Yanks* (1979), *Superman II* (1980), Shadey (1985), da Erik the Viking (1989). Sher ta fito a matsayin Cif Weasel a cikin Fim din 1996 na The Wind in the Willows kuma a matsayin Benjamin Disraeli a cikin fim na 1997 Mrs Brown .

Hotunan talabijin na Sher sun hada da jerin shirye-shiryen The History Man (1981) da The Jury (2002). A shekara ta 2003, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin wani karbuwa na J. G. Ballard ɗan gajeren labarin "The Enormous Space", wanda aka yi fim a matsayin Home kuma aka watsa shi a BBC Four . A cikin Hornblower (1999), ya taka rawar mai mulkin mallaka na Faransa Colonel de Moncoutant, Marquis de Muzillac, a cikin shirin "The Frogs and the Lobsters". Sher ta kwanan nan credits hada da cameo a Birtaniya comedy fim Three and Out (2008) da kuma rawar da Akiba a cikin talabijin wasan God on Trial (2008).

An jefa Sher a matsayin Thráin II, mahaifin Thorin Oakenshield a cikin Peter Jackson's The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug, amma ya bayyana ne kawai a cikin Extended Edition na fim din.

A cikin 2018, ya taka rawar gani a cikin *Sarki Lear* kuma shi ne kawai mutumin da ya taka leda a cikin Fool da King Lear a Kamfanin Royal Shakespeare. Ya koma Stratford-upon-Avon a cikin 2019 don yin aiki a *Kunene da Sarki* tare da John Kani . 

### Sauran ayyukan
Littattafan Sher sun haɗa da tarihin *Shekarar Sarki* (1985), *Woza Shakespeare: Titus Andronicus a Afirka ta Kudu* (tare da Gregory Doran, 1997), Beside Myself (a autobiography, 2002), Primo Time (2005), da *Shekarar Fat Knight* (2015), littafi na zane-zane da zane-zane, Characters (1990), da litattafan Middlepost (1989), Cheap Lives (1995), The Indoor Boy (1996). da kuma *Bikin* (1999). Littafinsa na 2018 Year of the Mad King ya lashe kyautar Littafin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na 2019, wanda Society for Theatre Research ta bayar.

Sher ya kuma rubuta wasannin kwaikwayo da yawa, ciki har da *I.D.* (2003) da Primo (2004). An daidaita wannan na ƙarshe a matsayin fim a shekara ta 2005. A shekara ta 2008, The Giant, wasan kwaikwayo na farko wanda Sher bai nuna ba, an yi shi a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Hampstead . Manyan haruffa sune Dauda Michelangelo (a lokacin da ya kirkiro David), Leonardo da Vinci, da Vito, abokin koyo na juna.

## Rayuwa, rashin lafiya da mutuwa
A shekara ta 2005, Sher da darektan Gregory Doran, wanda ya yi aiki tare da shi akai-akai, sun shiga cikin haɗin gwiwar farar hula a Burtaniya. Sun yi aure a ranar 30 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2015, dan kadan fiye da shekaru goma bayan rajistar haɗin gwiwar su.

A ranar 10 ga Satumba 2021, an ba da sanarwar cewa Sher yana da rashin lafiya kuma Doran ya ɗauki hutu na tausayi daga RSC don kula da shi. Sher ya mutu daga ciwon daji a gidansa a Stratford-upon-Avon a ranar 2 ga Disamba 2021, yana da shekaru 72.

## Ayyukan mataki

### Gidan wasan kwaikwayo

* 1972-74: Matsayi da yawa a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Everyman, Liverpool .
* **1974**: Ringo Starr a cikin Willy Russell's *John, Paul, George, Ringo ... * *da kuma Bert* a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Everyman, inda aka buɗe shi a watan Mayu 1974. An canja shi zuwa Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Lyric a watan Agusta.
* **1975**: Teeth 'n' Smiles by David Hare a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Royal Court inda aka buɗe shi a watan Satumbar 1975, daga baya ya koma Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Wyndham a watan Mayu 1976.
* **1979**: AmerICA Days by Stephen Poliakoff a ICA, London.
* **1982**: Mike Leigh's *Goosepimples* a West End.
* **1982**: The Fool in King Lear a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Royal Shakespeare . An canja shi zuwa Cibiyar Barbican a 1983.
* **1984**: Richard III tare da Kamfanin Royal Shakespeare . An canja shi zuwa Cibiyar Barbican a shekarar 1985.
* **1985**: Torch Song Trilogy a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Albery, West End .
* **1985**: *Red Noses* a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Barbican, London.
* **1987**: Shylock a cikin The Merchant of Venice tare da RSC .
* **1987**: Henry Irving a cikin Happy Birthday, Sir Larry a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Royal National, London (Laurence Olivier 80th birthday tribute).
* **1988**: Sayarwa a cikin The Revenger's Tragedy tare da RSC .
* **1990**: Peter Flannery's Singer tare da RSC, gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Barbican .
* **1991**: Kafka's The Trial da Brecht's The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa.
* **1992**: *Tamburlaine* a Tamburlaine tare da RSC a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Swan, Stratford .
* **1993**: Henry Carr a cikin Travesties a Cibiyar Barbican tare da RSC, daga baya a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Savoy, West End .
* 1994-95: *Titus Andronicus* a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasuwa, Johannesburg . An canja shi zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa da kuma yawon shakatawa na Burtaniya.
* **1997**: *Stanley* a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa (an sake maimaita shi a Broadway a Circle in the Square Theatre) 
* **1997**: *Cyrano na Bergerac* a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Lyric, West End .
* 1998-99: *Labarin Winter* a Cibiyar Barbican tare da RSC
* **1999**: Macbeth a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Swan, Stratford-upon-Avon, tare da RSC
* 2000-01: Macbeth da The Winter's Tale tare da RSC
* **2002**: RSC ta Jacobean kakar canja wuri zuwa West End.
* **2003**: ID a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Almeida, London
* **2004**: Primo a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Cottesloe, gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya Royal National, London (an sake maimaita shi a Broadway a gidan wasan kwaikwayon Music Box, Yuli-Agusta 2005) 
* **2007**: *Kean* a Kean a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Yvonne Arnaud, Guildford . An canja shi zuwa Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Apollo, West End a watan Mayu.
* **2008**: Prospero a cikin The Tempest a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Baxter, Cape Town; Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Courtyard, Stratford-upon-Avon; kuma a kan yawon shakatawa a Richmond, Leeds, Bath, Nottingham da Sheffield
* **2010**: Tomas Stockmann a cikin *Maƙiyi ga Jama'a*'a a Sheffield Crucible
* **2011**: Phillip Gellburg a cikin Arthur Miller's Broken Glass a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Vaudeville
* **2012**: Jacob Bindel a cikin Traveling Light a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Royal National, Sigmund Freud a cikin Hysteria na Terry Johnson a gidan wasan kwaikwayon Royal Bath, daga baya ya farfado a gidan wasan Hampstead a 2013.
* **2013**: Wilhelm Voigt a cikin Kyaftin na Köpenick a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Olivier, gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya Royal National, London.
* **2014**: Falstaff a cikin Henry IV, Sashe na 1 da Henry IV Sashe na 2 tare da Kamfanin Royal Shakespeare.
* **2015**: Willy Loman a cikin *Mutuwar Mai Sayarwa* ta Arthur Miller tare da Kamfanin Royal Shakespeare .
* **2016**: Matsayin taken a cikin *Sarki Lear* tare da Kamfanin Royal Shakespeare (wanda aka sake bugawa a cikin 2018).
* **2018**: Nicolas a One for the Road daga Pinter One a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Harold Pinter tare da Kamfanin Jamie Lloyd .
* **2019-20**: Jack Morris a *Kunene da Sarki* tare da Kamfanin Royal Shakespeare .

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