John Kerry

**John Forbes Kerry** (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga Disamba, 1943) lauya ne na Amurka, ɗan siyasa, diflomasiyya, kuma tsohon jami'in sojan ruwa wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Sakataren Gwamnatin Amurka na 68 daga 2013 zuwa 2017 a cikin gwamnatin Shugaba Barack Obama . Wani memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat, a baya ya wakilci Massachusetts a Majalisar Dattijan Amurka daga 1985 zuwa 2013 kuma daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin wakilin shugaban Amurka na musamman na farko game da yanayi daga 2021 zuwa 2024. Kerry ita ce dan takarar Democrat na shugaban Amurka a Zaben 2004, inda ta sha kashi a hannun shugaban kasar George W. Bush.

An haife shi a cikin sanannen Iyalin Forbes a Aurora, Colorado, Kerry ya girma a Massachusetts da Washington, DC. A cikin 1966, bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Yale, ya shiga cikin Amurka Naval Reserve, daga ƙarshe ya sami matsayin mataimakin. A lokacin Yaƙin Vietnam, Kerry ya yi ɗan gajeren yawon shakatawa a Kudancin Vietnam. Yayinda yake umurni da Jirgin ruwa mai sauri, ya sami raunuka uku a yaƙi tare da Viet Cong, wanda ya sami lambobin Purple Heart guda uku. An kuma ba Kerry lambar yabo ta Silver Star da Bronze Star Medal don gudanarwa a cikin ayyukan soja daban-daban. Bayan kammala aikin soja, Kerry ya koma Amurka kuma ya zama abokin adawar Vietnam War. Ya sami karbuwa ta kasa a matsayin mai fafutukar yaki, yana aiki a matsayin mai magana da yawun kungiyar Vietnam Veterans Against the War. Kerry ya ba da shaida a cikin Fulbright Hearings a gaban Kwamitin Majalisar Dattijai kan Harkokin Kasashen Waje, inda ya bayyana manufofin gwamnatin Amurka a Vietnam a matsayin dalilin Laifukan yaki.

A shekara ta 1972, Kerry ya shiga siyasar zabe a matsayin dan takarar Democrat na Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka a Gundumar majalisa ta 5 ta Massachusetts, inda ya sha kashi a hannun dan jam'iyyar Republican Paul W. Cronin a babban zaben. Daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen rediyo kuma a matsayin babban darakta na ƙungiyar bayar da shawarwari yayin da yake halartar makarantar lauya. Bayan wani lokaci a cikin aikin lauya mai zaman kansa, an zabe shi a matsayin mataimakin gwamna na 66 na Massachusetts a shekarar 1982. A shekara ta 1984, an zabi Kerry a Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka wanda ke wakiltar Massachusetts. A shekara ta 2004, Kerry ya lashe zaben shugaban kasa na Democrat tare da Sanata John Edwards . Ya rasa Kwalejin Zabe da kuri'un da aka fi sani da su ta hanyar ƙananan ƙididdiga, inda ya lashe masu jefa kuri'a 251 ga Bush 286 da 48.3% na kuri'un masu yawa ga Bush 50.7%.

A watan Janairun 2013, Shugaba Obama ya zabi Kerry don ya gaji Sakataren Harkokin Waje Hillary Clinton, kuma daga baya abokan aikinsa na Majalisar Dattijai suka tabbatar da shi. Ya kasance Sakataren Gwamnatin Amurka a duk lokacin wa'adin na biyu na gwamnatin Obama daga 2013 zuwa 2017. A lokacin mulkinsa, ya fara Tattaunawar zaman lafiya ta Isra'ila da Falasdinu ta 2013-2014 da kuma tattauna yarjejeniyar da ke hana shirin nukiliya na Iran, gami da Shirin Ayyuka na 2013 da Shirin Aiki na 2015. A cikin 2015, Kerry ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Paris kan Canjin yanayi a madadin Amurka. A watan Janairun 2021, Kerry ya koma gwamnati, ya zama mutum na farko da ya rike mukamin wakilin shugaban kasa na musamman na Amurka game da yanayi, a karkashin Shugaba Joe Biden . A ranar 6 ga watan Maris, Kerry ya bar wannan mukamin don yin aiki a yakin neman zaben Biden na shekarar 2024. Kerry ta sami lambar yabo ta Shugaban kasa ta 'Yanci daga Biden a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2024. 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi (1943-1966)
An haifi John Forbes Kerry a ranar 11 ga Disamba, 1943, a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Sojojin Fitzsimons a Aurora, Colorado .  Shi ne na biyu cikin yara huɗu da aka haifa wa Richard John Kerry, jami'in diflomasiyyar Amurka kuma lauya, da Rosemary Forbes, ma'aikaciyar jinya kuma mai fafutukar zamantakewa. Mahaifinsa Katolika ne kuma mahaifiyarsa Episcopalian ce. Ya girma tare da 'yar'uwa Margaret, ƙaramar 'yar'uwar Diana, da ƙaramin ɗan'uwa Cameron. An haifi yaran a cikin bangaskiyar Katolika ta mahaifinsu, kuma Yahaya ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan bagade.

Kerry da farko an dauke shi ɗan soja,  har sai an sallami mahaifinsa daga Sojojin Sojan Sama na Amurka a 1944.  Kerry ya zauna a Groton, Massachusetts a shekarar farko da Millis, Massachusetts daga baya kafin ya koma unguwar Georgetown ta Washington, DC yana da shekaru bakwai, lokacin da mahaifinsa ya ɗauki matsayi a Ofishin Babban Mai ba da shawara na Ma'aikatar Sojan Ruwa kuma nan da nan ya zama diflomasiyya a Ofishin Harkokin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Ma'aikata.   

A matsayinsa na dangin Forbes, danginsa na mahaifiyarsa sun ji daɗin wadata sosai. Iyayen Kerry da kansu an dauke su a matsayin masu matsakaicin matsayi. Sun juya ga kakarsa mai arziki, Clara Winthrop, wacce ta biya kuɗin halartarsa a makarantun kwana na musamman, kamar Institut Montana Zugerberg, a Zug, Switzerland. Ta hanyar kakanninsa na uwa, Kerry ya kuma fito ne daga Rev. James McGregor wanda ya kasance daga cikin baƙi 500 na farko na Scots-Irish zuwa Boston Harbor a karni na 18. 

Lokacin da Kerry ke da shekaru goma, mahaifinsa ya ɗauki matsayi a matsayin Lauyan Amurka na Berlin. Lokacin da Kerry ke da shekaru goma sha biyu, ya haye zuwa Yankin Kasuwancin Soviet don ziyartar bunker na Hitler kuma ya shiga ta Brandenburg Gate.

A shekara ta 1957, an tura mahaifinsa a Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka a Oslo, Norway, kuma an mayar da Kerry zuwa Amurka don halartar makarantar kwana. Ya fara halartar Makarantar Fessenden a Newton, Massachusetts, sannan daga baya Makarantar St. Paul a Concord, New Hampshire, inda ya koyi ƙwarewa wajen magana da jama'a kuma ya fara haɓaka sha'awar Siyasa. Kerry ya kafa kungiyar John Winant Society a St. Paul's don muhawara kan batutuwan yau; Har yanzu kungiyar tana nan. A shekara ta 1960, yayin da yake St. Paul's, ya buga bass a cikin ƙaramin rukuni mai suna The Electras tare da abokan karatunsa shida.    Kungiyar tana da kusan ɗari biyar na kundi ɗaya da aka buga a 1961, wanda suka sayar da wasu daga cikinsu a raye-raye a makarantar; an samo shi a dandamali masu gudana shekaru da yawa daga baya.

Rahoton Kerry ya kasance mai gabatarwa ga Al'amarin Iran-Contra. A ranar 4 ga Mayu, 1989, an yanke wa Arewa hukunci kan tuhume-tuhumen da suka shafi rikice-rikicen Iran / Contra, gami da laifuffuka uku. A ranar 16 ga Satumba, 1991, duk da haka, an soke hukuncin Arewa a kan roko.

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