Alma Åkermark

**Alma Mathilda Åkermark** (an haife ta a ranar 11 ga watan Yuni 1853, Ikklesiya ta Forshälla - 4 ga Yuni 1933, Ikklesiya Oscar Fredriks) editan Sweden ce, ƴar mata, marubuciya, ƴar jarida kuma mai fafutukar yancin mata. Ita ce wacce ta kafa takardan mata masu tsattsauran ra'ayi *Framåt* ('Forward'), kuma editan ta a duk lokacin da aka buga ta. Ta rubuta a ƙarƙashin sunan mai suna *Mark* . Ta kasance mai aiki a cikin Ƙungiyar Mata ta Göteborg, kuma jigo a cikin mafi girman ci gaba da tsattsauran ra'ayi na ƙungiyoyin 'yancin mata na Sweden da na gida, kuma an lura da ita don shiga cikin *Sedlighetsdebatten* .

## Rayuwa
Alma Åkermark diyar ɗan kasuwan Gothenburg Anton Wilhelm Åkermark da Kristina Kristiansson kuma 'yar'uwar mai zane Isak Åkermark. Iyalinta sun san dangin ɗan siyasa mai ci gaba kuma mai wallafa Sven Adolf Hedlund . Lokacin da ta rasa mahaifinta tana da shekaru goma sha shida, Hedlund ya ba ta tallafin kuɗi don nazarin kiɗa da zane a Neuchâtel a Switzerland, kuma bayan ta koma Sweden a 1881, ta tallafa wa kanta a matsayin malami a cikin waɗannan darussan a *Fruntimmersföreningens flickskola* .

Ta dangin Hedlund, ta kasance cikin ƙungiyoyin ci gaba a Gothenburg. A cikin 1884, Ƙungiyar Mata ta Gothenburg, ƙungiyar mata ta farko a Gothenburg, an kafa ta tare da 'yar Hedlund Mathilda Hedlund a matsayin kujera. An zabi Åkermark mamba a hukumar a shekara mai zuwa.

### ''Bugawa Framåt''
A cikin 1886, Alma Åkermark, Hilma Angered-Strandberg da Mathilda Hedlund sun kafa littafin mata *Framåt* ('Forward'), tare da Åkermark a matsayin edita da ƙungiyar mata a matsayin mai wallafa. Matarsa tun 1887, da telegrapher Albert Breinholm, kuma ya shiga cikin mujallar.

Alma Åkermark ya kasance mai sassaucin ra'ayi na zamantakewa wanda ya goyi bayan sake fasalin zamantakewa kuma ya karfafa takarda ta zama cibiyar muhawarar jama'a. Ta shiga cikin rigima a cikin *Sedlighetsdebatten* na zamani game da ma'aunin jima'i biyu tsakanin mata da maza, inda ta goyi bayan bangaren cewa ya kamata a bar mata su yi jima'i a wajen aure, kamar yadda maza suke, ba tare da an kyamace su ba. Buga labaran da ta yi masu dauke da abubuwan jima'i a cikin takardan mata ya sanya ta fuskantar adawar mata masu matsakaicin ra'ayi. 

A cikin 1886, ta buga littafin *[[Pyrrhussegrar]]* (' Pyrrhic Victories ') na Stella Kleve, wanda mace mai mutuƙar mutuƙar kirki ta yi nadama ta ƙi jin daɗin jima'i saboda haɗin gwiwar zamantakewa. Littafin ya haifar da abin kunya yayin da ya yi karo da nau'i biyu na jima'i na zamani, kuma jaridar ta rasa goyon bayanta daga ƙungiyar mata, kodayake shugabar, Mathilda Hedlund, ta tallafa mata da kanta. Sophie Adlersparre, babban jigon yunƙurin mata na Sweden, kuma ya ƙi amincewa da littafin Kleve kamar yadda batun jin daɗin jima'i na mata ya kasance mai tsauri a idanun har ma da motsin mata na zamani. Tare da goyon bayan dangin Hedlund, Alma Åkermark ta ci gaba da buga takardar da kanta. *Framåt*, duk da haka, a ƙarshe ya tabbatar da cewa ya zama mai tsattsauran ra'ayi da rikici don lokacinsa. A cikin 1889, takardar ta dakatar da bugawa lokacin da wani shiri na kauracewa talla ya hana shi kuɗinta, kuma Alma Åkermark ta rasa aikinta na malami. 

### Daga baya rayuwa
Ta bar Gothenborg tare da matar ta kuma ta fara sabuwar mujalla a Nystad a Finland, Nya Tag ('New Efforts'), wanda ya wuce watanni hudu kawai. Bayan mutuwar matar aure a 1891, damuwa ya shafe ta, kuma ta koma Gothenburg, inda aka sanya ta a cikin mafakar tunani a 1892. Bayan da aka sake ta a shekara ta 1896, ta tafi Amurka, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai koyarwa a masana'anta a Chicago. A shekara ta 1909, ta zama makauniya kuma ta koma Sweden, inda 'yan uwanta suka kula da ita.

## Manazarta