open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Armeniya

**Armeniya** Armeniya, a hukumance jamhuriyar Armeniya, ƙasa ce a yammacin nahiyar Asiya da Turai. Tana iyaka da Turkiyya daga yamma, Georgia daga arewa, da kuma Lachin corridor (karkashin rundunar wanzar da zaman lafiya ta Rasha), tare da Azarbaijan daga gabas, sai Iran da Azarbaijan da ke yankin Nakhchivan daga kudu. Yerevan shine babban birnin kasar kuma birni mafi yawan jama'a.

Armeniya ƙasa ce da ta ginu a tsarin mulki na bai ɗaya, tana da jam'iyyu da yawa, ana kuma gudanar mulkin demokraɗiyya a cikinta, tana da daɗaɗɗun al'adun gargajiya. An kafa ƙasar Armeniya ta farko Urartu a shekara ta 860, BC, kuma a ƙarni na 6, BC ta maye gurbinta da Satrapy na Armeniya. Masarautar Armeniya ta yi ƙarfi ne a ƙarƙashin Tigranes the Great a karni na 1 BC kuma a shekara ta 301, ta zama kasa ta farko a duniya da ta ɗauki addinin Kiristanci a matsayin addininta na hukuma farkon karni na 5.

## Fasalin ƙasa.
Armeniya tana da yanki mai faɗin kilomita 29,743 (sq mi 11,484). Ƙasar galibi tana da tsaunuka, tare da koguna masu guduna, da dazuzzuka kaɗan. Ƙasar ta haura zuwa mita 4,090 (ƙafa 13,419), sama da matakin teku a Mount Aragats, kuma babu wani wuri da yake ƙasa da mita 390, (1,280 ft), sama da matakin teku. Matsakaicin girman yankin ƙasar shine na goma mafi girma a duniya kuma tana da yanki masu tsaunuka akalla kaso 85.9%, fiye da Switzerland ko Nepal. Mount Ararat, wanda a tarihi ya kasance a cikin yankin kasar Armeniya, shine tsauni mafi tsayi a yankin mai tsayin mita 5,137, (ƙafa 16,854). A yanzu kuwa yana cikin yankin ƙasar Turkiyya ne, amma kuma bayyane yake a na ganinsa sosai daga Armeniya, Armeniyawa suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin alamar ƙasarsu dalilin kenan da yasa suka saka hoton tsaunin a cikin alamar ƙasar Armeniya har zuwa yau.

## Mulki da Siyasa.
Armeniya jamhuriya ce ta demokraɗiyya mai majalisa. Kundin tsarin mulkin Armeniya ya zamo tsarin tafi da mulkin shugabancin jamhuriyar kan gaba har zuwa watan Afrilun 2018.

Bisa kundin tsarin mulkin Armeniya na yanzu, shugaban kasa shi ne wanda ke rike da manyan ayyuka na wakilci, yayin da firaministan kuma shi ne shugaban gwamnati kuma yake gudanar da harkokin zartaswa.
Ƙarfin doka yana hannun Azgayin Zhoghov ko Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa, wadda ita ce majalisa marar rinjaye.

## Larduna.
An raba Armeniya zuwa larduna goma, su ne;

## Hotuna

File:Sevan_beach.jpg|Bakin Teku na Seven
File:Armenia_Garni_side.jpg|Yankin Garni, Armeniya 
File:Armenia_Map.jpg|Taswirar Armeniya 
File:Yerevan_opera_nights.jpg|Yereven 


## Manazarta.
Iraƙi

**Iraƙi** (ko **Iraƙ**); ƙasa ce ta larabawa da ke a nahiyar Yammacin Asiya. Iraƙi ta hada iyaka da ƙasar Turkiya daga arewa, ƙasar Iran daga gabas, Persian Gulf da ƙasar Kuwaiti daga kudu maso gabas, ƙasar Saudiyya daga kudu, ƙasar Jodan daga kudu maso yamma, sai kuma ƙasar Siriya daga yamma. 

Babban birnin Iraƙi shi ne Bagdaza kuma shi ne birni mafi girma a

ƙasar. 

Ƙasar Iraƙi gida ne ga ƙabilu da dama, irinsu, Mutanen Iraqi, Kurdawa, Mutanen Assyriya, Armaniyawar Iraƙi, Yazidi, Mandaeans, Iranians in Iraq, Shabaks da kuma sauran dumbi sauran tsaunuka da kasa da dabbobi. 

Mafi akasari daga mutum mliyan 44 na ƙasar Musulmai ne, sauran addinai kuma sun haɗa da Kiristanci, Yazidism, Mandaeism, Ahl-e Haqq, da kuma Zoroastra. Harshen gwamnati na ƙasar shi ne Larabci da kuma Kurdusanci. Sauran sanannun harsuna a yankin sun haɗa da harsunan Neo-Aramaic, Turkanci da kuma harsunan Armeniya.  
## Hotuna

File:Mosul_river.jpg|Kogin Mosul 
File:ImamAliMosqueNajafIraq.JPG|Masallacin Imam Ali (AS)
File:Kirkuk_City.jpg|Birnin Kirkuk, Iraq
File:Al-Zawra%27a_Park.png|Wurin shakatawa na Al-Zawra
File:%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9.jpg|Masallacin Haydar Khana


## Manazarta

.
Jodan

(上段; lit. 'high / upper degree'),wanda a cikin mahallin zane-zane yana nufin wani abu kamar "high level", yana ɗaya daga cikin tsawo uku da ake kira a cikin zane-zane na Japan.Yana nufin saman jiki,wanda ya haɗa da kafadu da sama.

## Dubi kuma

* Chūdan.
* Gedan.
Oman

**Oman** ƙasa ce dake  a nahiyar Asiya.

## Hotuna

File:Wadi_Shab_(13).jpg|Wadi Shab, Oman
File:Nakhalfort.jpg|Nakhal Fort, Oman


## Manazarta
Kuwaiti (ƙasa)

**Kuwaiti** (da Turanci: **Kuwait**, da Faransanci: **Koweït**) ƙasa ce, da ke nahiyar Asiya. Babban birnin ƙasar Kuwaiti shi ne Birnin Kuwaiti. Kuwaiti tana da yawan fili kimanin kilomita arabba'i . Kuwaiti tana da yawan jama'a , bisa ga jimilla a shekara ta 2019.


File:Jacckuwait.jpg|Jaber Al-Ahmed Cultural Center
File:2010_Kuwait_5221666273.jpg|Kuwait da daddare 
File:Kuwait_Stock_Exchange.jpg|Kuwait Stock Exchange
File:Ku-map.png|Taswirar Kuwait 
File:LiberationTower.jpg|Liberation Tower (Kuwait City)

## Manazarta
Baharen

**Baharen** (da Turanci: **Bahrain**; da Faransanci: **Bahrein**) kasa ce a nahiyar Asiya. Baharen tana da yawan fadin kasa kimanin muraba'n kilomita araba'i 765, sannan kuma tana da yawan jama'a 1,425,171, bisa ga alkaluman kidayar jama'a na shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha shida (2016).

## Hotuna

File:Manama,_Bahrain_Decembre_2014.jpg|Manama, Bahrain 
File:Bahrain17.JPG|Birnin Bahrain 
File:SalmanbinHamadbinIsaAlKhalifa.JPEG|Sarkin Bahrain, Salman Bin Hamad Ibn Isah 


## Manazarta
Cyprus

**Cyprus** (Girkanci:*Κύπρος*, Hausa:**Jamhuriyar Cyprus**) a kasar a Turai da Asiya.

***Babban birni**':Nicosia
***Yawan mutane**:848,300 (2015)
## Hotuna

File:Nicosia_panoramic_view_Cyprus_Tower_25_Jean_Nouvel.jpg|Birnin Nicosia, Cyprus
File:The_Oval.jpg|Limassol, Cyprus 
File:St._Mary%27s_Church_of_Ayia_Napa_and_the_surrounding_area_with_old_trees_-_1.JPG|Cocin St Mary, Ayia Napa, Cyprus 
File:02_Cyprus_vacation,_sandy_beach_of_Ayia_Thekla,_Sotira,_Cyprus.jpg|Bakin Teku na Ayia Thekla, Sotire, Cyprus 
File:Limassol,_Cyprus_at_night.jpg|Limassol Cyprus 
 

## Manazarta
Lebanon

Lebanon, a hukumance Jamhuriyar Lebanon, ƙasa ce da ke yankin Levant na Yammacin Asiya. Tana a mahadar Tekun Bahar Rum da Ƙasar Larabawa,  tana iyaka da Siriya daga arewa da gabas, Isra'ila a kudu, da Tekun Bahar Rum zuwa yamma; Cyprus yana da ɗan tazara daga bakin teku. Kasar Lebanon tana da yawan jama'a sama da miliyan biyar da fadin kasa murabba'in kilomita 10,452 (4,036 sq mi). Beirut ita ce babban birnin kasar kuma birni mafi girma.

Mazauni na mutane a Lebanon ya kasance a shekara ta 5000 BC. Daga 3200 zuwa 539 BC, wani yanki ne na Phoenicia, wayewar teku wacce ta mamaye Tekun Bahar Rum.

## Hotuna

File:Mediterranean_Sea,_Beirut,_Lebanon.jpg|Tekun Mediterranean, Beirut Lebanon 
File:War-damaged_buildings,_Beirut,_Lebanon.jpg|Yaƙi ya haddasa lalacewar wasu gine-gine na birnin Beirut, Lebanon
File:Port,_Tyre,_Lebanon.jpg|Tashar jiragen Ruwa ta Tyre, Lebanon 
File:National_Museum_of_Beirut,_Beirut,_Lebanon.jpg|Gidan adana Kayan Tarihi na Kasa
File:Central_Beirut,_Lebanon.jpg|Beirut Lebanon 
 

## Manazarta
Qatar

**[[Qatar]]** wata kasa ce dake a Asiya, wadda takasance ƙasarLarabawa , bata da yawan mutane, Babban abinda kasar ke samarwa a duniya shine manfetur, kuma tanada ƙarfin tattalin arzikin a nahiyar Asiya. Babban birnin Ƙasar shine Doha. Ƙasar Qatar ta karɓi nauyin gudanar da babbar gasar kwallon ƙafa ta duniya, wato gasar cin kofin duniya.

## Hotuna

File:Skyscrapers_along_a_road_in_Al_Dafna.jpg|Dogayen gine-gine na birnin, da ke kusa da titi a Al Dafna
File:DOHA_CORNISH_JUNE_07_2011.JPG|Kyakkyawan birni, Doha Cornish, Qatar
File:Qatar Cool Plant in The Pearl-Qatar.jpg|Cikin garin Qatar
File:Construction of The Pearl Qatar in 2010.jpg|Hotan Pearl din Kasar Qatar 
File:Qatar v Japan AFC Asian Cup 20190201 40.jpg|Yan wasan kasar Qatar zasu buga wasa da yan wasan kasar Japan


## Manazarta
Saudi Arebiya

**Saudi Arebiya** ko **Saudiyya:**  ƙasa ce da take nahiyar Gabas ta Tsakiya a Duniya. 

Ƙasar Saudiya ta kasance ne a nahiyar Asiya, ta kuma kasance fitacciyar ƙasa a duniya musamman ta ɓangaren addinin musulunci, kasantuwar addinin musulunci ya zo ne ta hannun Annabi Muhammad (S. A. W) da yake a wannan yanki, hakama a tattalin arziki, **Allah** ya azurta ƙasar da ɗinbin arziki da ma'adinai musamman arzikin man fetur. Ƙasar Saudiyya ta kasance ita ce ƙasar da ta fi kowacce ƙasa arzikin man fetur a faɗin Duniya. Lallai ƙasar Saudiya ta kasance ƙasa ce wacce take da Sahara. 

Ƙasar na da mafi yawan bishiyoyin Dabino, kuma su kan noma alkama da Inabi  kuma suna ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙasashe wurin noman gyaɗar itacen Almond wanda ake mai na gashi, da kuma Madaran Almond, haka kuma kasar Saudiya na noman itacen zaitun watu Olive a turanchi da kuma sauran su. Harshen yan kasar ta kasance Larabci, wanda shine yaren kasar, kuma musulmai daga sassa daban daban na duniya sukan je domin su aiwatar da ibadun su a kasar, kamar aikin Hajji da Umra.

Saudiya kasa ce mai tsarki kuma baya hallata mutum yaje yayi abun da yaga dama ciki suna da dokoki da tsare-tsaren su ba kamar sauran ƙasashe ba.


Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg|Kaaba
Supplicating_Pilgrim_at_Masjid_Al_Haram._Mecca,_Saudi_Arabia.jpg|Mahajjaci na addu'a
2013_November_-_panoramio_(2).jpg


## Addini

Kasar saudiya kasa ce ta musulunci, wanda a cikinta ne aka aiko annabin karshe, wato Annabi Muhammad(tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata a gareshi). Duk shekara miliyoyin Mutane ne suke kai ziyara kasar daga kasashen duniya daban-daban domin aikin hajji mai alfarma da Umrah. Haka kuma kasar Saudiya Arabiya ba a barta a baya ba wurin fannin tsaro ya kasance 23 cikin 145 daga cikin kasashen da aka yi la'akari da su wurin gwajin. karfin sojoji ta duniya na shekara-shekara. Kuma kasar Saudi Arabiya na daya daga chikin manya manyan kasashen dake fitar da danyen mai. Kuma suna chikin **[https://ha.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPEC Kungiyar Kasashe Masu Fitar da Man Fetur] Watu [[OPEC]].**

## Manazarta
Siriya

**Siriya** ƙasa ce, da ke a nahiyar Asiya. Babban birnin ƙasar Siriya shine Damascus. Garin yana da asali da tarihi mai ɗinbun yawa, saboda akwai manyan malamai da masana a fannonin ilimi daban-daban a cikin  ƙasar.  
File:Agora -5 Palmyra Syria.JPG|alt=Agora kenan, daya daga cikin taofaffin gini a kasar Siriya|Agora kenan, daya daga cikin taofaffin gini a kasar Siriya
File:Amphitheatre Palmyra Syria.JPG|Tsohon gurin ganawa
File:Grande Collonade Street Palmyra Syria.jpg| Tsofaffin ginshikai 


## Manazarta
Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa

**Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa** ƙasa ne, da ke a nahiyar Asiya.

## Taswira

## Hotuna

File:Burj_Khalifa_(16260269606).jpg|Ana iya hangen ginin Burj Khalifa, gini mafi tsawo a Duniya
File:American_University_of_Sharjah.jpg|Jama'ar America ta Sharjah, UAE
File:Sh5-zayed-road.jpg|UAE
 
### Muhalli

## Manazarta
Yemen

**Yemen** kasa ce dake a nahiyar Asiya. me girma da Albarkatu.

## Hotuna

File:San%27a03_flickr.jpg|Birnin Sanaa, Yemen 
File:Jibla_01.jpg|Jibla, Yemen 


## Manazarta
Switzerland

**Switzerland** ko **Suwizaland: Suwizaland** ƙasa ce da ke a nahiyar Turai. Babban birnin ƙasar *Suwizaland* shi ne Bern ne.
## Hotuna

File:Glacier3000.PNG|Glacier, Switzerland
File:Picswiss_VD-44-35.jpg|Picswiss, Switzerland
File:Montreux,_Switzerland.JPG|Montreux, Switzerland
File:Zurichairportshopping.jpg|Filin jirgin Sama na Zurich, Switzerland 
File:Geneve_2005_001_Ork.ch.jpg|Birnin Geneva
File:Crans_Montana.jpg|Crans Montana


## Manazarta
Ayilan (ƙasa)

**Ireland** ko **Ayilan**, ƙasa ne, da ke a nahiyar Turai. Kasar Ayilan ta na da yawan fili kimanin kilomita arabba'i 70,273. Ayilan ta na da yawan jama'a 5,149,139, bisa ga jimillar kidayar yawan jama'a shekarar 2022. Ayilan tana da iyaka da Ayilan ta Arewa (Masarautar Haɗaɗɗe ko Birtaniya). Babban birnin Ayilan, Dublin ne.

Ayilan ta samu yancin kanta a shekara ta 1921.

## Hotuna

File:Citadis_dublin.jpg|Jirgin Kasa a birnin
File:Dublin_Airport_1940_terminal_building.jpg|Filin jirgin Sama na birnin Dublin
File:Dingle_Fungie.jpg|Dingle Fungie
File:Powerscourt_Teich.jpg|Lambun Powerscourt 
File:Cathedral_of_St_Colman.jpg|Cocin St Colman
File:Apartments_Ashbourne_2006-4-30.jpg|Ashbourne, Ayilan
File:Church_Square,_Monaghan.jpg|Monaghan 
 

## Manazarta
Norway

**Norway** ko **Nowe**, ƙasa ce, da ke a nahiyar Turai. *Norway* tana da yawan fadin kasa kimanin murabba'in kilomita (385,207). Tana kuma da yawan jama'a (5,488,984), bisa ga kididdigar da aka yi a shekarar (2016). Nowe na da iyaka da Sweden, da Finland da kumaRasha. Babban birnin Nowe shi ne Oslo.

Nowe ta samu yancin kanta a shekara ta (1905).

## Hotuna

File:Fjord_in_Norway.jpg|Nærøyfjord
File:Ring_3_and_E6_Oslo_Quevaal.jpg|Wata babbar hanyar birnin da dare
File:Zwischen_Alta_%26_Narvik_3_Norwegen.jpg|Tekun da ya raba tsakanin Alta da Narvik
File:Stabkirche_von_Ringebu_Norwegen.JPG|Cocin Ringebu stave
File:Trondheim_Norwegen.JPG|Trondheim, Norway
File:Oster_Fjordsteam_2018_(151352)_-edited.jpg|Oster Fjordsteam
File:Ask%C3%B8ybrua1.jpg|Askoybrua Da almuru
File:Borgund_Stave_Church_in_L%C3%A6rdalen,_2013_June.jpg|Cocin Borgund Stave
File:Saami_Family_1900.jpg|Saami family daga kasar Norway
File:%C3%85_i_Lofoten_III_(perspective_corrected).jpg|A I Lofeten
File:Vista_de_%C3%85lesund_desde_Aksla,_Noruega,_2019-09-01,_DD_16.jpg|Nurega
.

## Manazarta
Denmark

**Denmark** ko **Danmark,**ƙasa ce, da ke a nahiya, a Turai. Babban.birnin ƙasar Denmark Kwapanhagan ne.
## Hotuna

File:Denmark_regions_label.svg|Yankunan Denmark
File:Aalborg_Airport_(16168799776).jpg|Filin jirgin Sama na Aalborg, Denmark 
File:Aalborg_City_Gymnasium.jpg|Wurin motsa jiki na birnin Aalborg, Denmark 
File:ErikHenningsen-NordiskeNaturforskermode-1847.jpg|Erik Henningsen-Nordic taron 'yan dabi'a
File:2004_02_27_Aalborg_baanegaard.JPG|Tashar jirgin kasa ta Kasar 
File:Flag_of_Denmark.svg|Tutar kasar
File:Krigsfanger-langaa-station-1vk.JPG|Fursunonin War Langaa Station
File:Frederiksholms_Tegl-_og_Kalkv%C3%A6rker.jpg|Aikin Brick da Lemun tsami na Frederiksholm.
Fayil:Marmorkirken_Copenhagen_seen_from_Amalienborg_(cropped).jpg|Marmorkirken, (Majami'ar Marble), Copenhagen


## Manazarta
Finland

**Finland** ko **Finlan**, ƙasa ce, da ke a nahiyar Turai. Finland tana da yawan fili kimanin kilomita arabba'i 338,145. Kuma tana da yawan jama'a 5,491,054, bisa ga jimilla na shekara ta alif 2015. Finland tana da iyaka da Sweden, da Norway da kuma Rasha. Babban birnin na kasar Finland shine: Helsinki. Tampere shi ne kuma birni mafi girma na biyu na ƙasar Finland.

Finland ta samu yancin kanta a shekara ta alif 1917.
## Hotuna

File:Finlandiatalo2008.jpg|Dakin Taro na Helsinki, Finland 
File:Nokia_HQ.jpg|Espoo, Finland
File:Tikkurilan_rautatieasema_Vantaa.JPG|Vantaa, Finland 
File:Raahe_1961.jpg|Raahe, Finland 
File:Lutakko_harbor.jpg|Tashar jiragen Ruwa ta Lutakko, Finland 
File:Ilmakuva_Sofia_Kallvikinniemi.jpg|Kogi Finland 
File:Suurkirkko_Helsinki_maaliskuu_2002_IMG_0629.JPG|Helsinki, Finland 


## Manazarta
Austriya

**Austriliya** ko **Austrian**, ƙasa ce, da ke a nahiyar Turai. *Austriliya* tana da yawan fili kimanin kilomita arabba'i (83,879)Austriliya tana da yawan jama'a kimanin (8,920,600) bisa ga jimillar a shekara ta (2020) Austriliya tana da iyaka da Jamus, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Hungariya, Cak, Slofakiya, Sloveniya kuma da Italiya. Babban birnin Austriliya, Vienna ne.

*Austriliya* ta samu yancin kanta a karni da goma bayan haifuwar annabi Issa. 

## Hotuna

File:SalzburgerAltstadt02.JPG|Salzburger Altstadt, Austriya
File:Hallstatt_um_1900.jpeg|Hallstatt um, Austriya, 1900
File:Klangturm_Sankt_Poelten.jpg|Klangturm Sankt Poelten, Austriya
File:IMG_0390_-_Graz_-_Hauptplatz_and_Rathaus.JPG|Graz Hauptplatz 
File:Eisenstadt-altes-Rathaus.jpg|Eisenstadt-altes-Rathaus, Austriya
Italiya

**Italiya** ko **Italia: kasa** ce da ke a nahiyar Turai. Italiya tana da yawan fili kimanin kilomita murabba'i (301,338) *Italiya* tana da yawan jama'a (60,589,445) bisa ga jimillar a shekarar (2016). 

Italiya tana da iyaka da Faransa, Switzerland, Austriliya, Sloveniya, San Marino kuma da Vatican. Babban *birnin Italiya*, Roma ne.

Hoto 


File:Pisa_Leaning_Tower_and_Cathedral_01.jpg|Hasumiyar Pisa
File:Pompeji_um_1900_strada_fortuna.jpg|Pompeji
File:Modena_Cathedral_Duomo_Exterior.jpg|Cocin Zamani
File:Taormina_2008_IMG_1621.jpg|Greek theatre in Taormina (Sicily)
File:Sardinien_Goni_Pranu_Muttedu_menhir-reihe.jpg|Menhir Pranu Mutteddu (Goni, Sardinia)
File:Foro_romano_di_Aquileia.jpg|Foro romano
File:Tramonto_a_Lezzeno.jpg|Tramonto a Lezzwno


## Manazarta
Beljik

**Beljik**, ƙasa ce, da ke a nahiyar Turai. Beljik tana da yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba'i 30,528. Beljik tana da yawan jama'a 11,303,528, bisa ga ƙidayar shekara ta  2017. *Beljik* tana da iyaka da Faransa, Holand da kuma Luksamburg. Babban birnin Beljik, Bruxelles ne.

Beljik ta samu yancin kanta a shekara ta 1830.

## Hotuna

File:Belgium-blankenberge-beach-1900.jpg|Bakin Teku na Blankenberge, Beljik, 1900
File:Be-map.png|Taswirar Beljik da wasu sanannun birane
File:Universiteitsbibliotheek.jpg|University Library Leuven
File:The_Royal_Museum_for_Central_Africa_in_Tervuren.jpg|The Royal Museum for Central Africa in Tervuren, Belgium
File:Arriv%C3%A9e_de_L%C3%A9opold_Ier_%C3%A0_la_fronti%C3%A8re_belge_le_17_juillet_1831.jpg|Arrivée de Léopold Ier à la frontière belge le 17 juillet 1831
File:205_Brussels,_Sept_1976_(51790175695).jpg|Brussels, Sept 1976
File:Waterfalls_of_coo_belgium.jpg|Waterfalls of Coo, Belgium 
File:Oude_markt_Leuven.jpg|Tsohuwar kasuwar Leuven
File:Veurne_market.jpg|Kasuwar Veurne
File:Brussels_Great_Market_Square.jpg|Brussels Great Market Square
Girka (ƙasa)

**Girka**' ƙasa ne, da ke a nahiyar Turai. 

Babban birnin ƙasar Girka Athens ne.Girka yana da yawan fili kimani na kilomita. arabba'i . Girka tana da yawan jama'a , bisa ga jimilla a shekarar 2017. Girka yana da iyaka da ƙasashen huɗu: Albaniya a Arewa maso Yamma, Masadoiniya ta Arewa da Bulgeriya a Arewa, da Turkiyya a Arewa maso Gabas. Girka ta samu ƴancin kanta a shekara ta 1822.

Daga shekara ta 2020, shugaban ƙasar Girka Katerina Sakellaropoulou ce. Firaministan ƙasar Girka Kyriakos Mitsotakis ne daga shekara ta 2019.

## Hotuna

File:Hydra.jpg|Hydra
File:CanaleCorinto.jpg|Canale Corinto 
File:Delphi_tholos_cazzul.JPG|Delphi tholos cazzul
File:Greek_Salad_Choriatiki.jpg|Salad na Girka
File:THES_Panaghia_Chalkeon_5944.JPG|Girka


## Manazarta


.
Bulgeriya

**Bulgeriya** ko **Bulgaria** ƙasa ce, da ke a nahiyar Turai. Babban birnin ƙasar Bulgariya Sofiya ne. Bulgeriya tana da yawan fili kimani na kilomita araba'i . Bulgeriya tana da yawan jama'a , bisa ga jimilla a shekarar 2024. Bulgeriya tana da iyaka da ƙasashen biyar: Romainiya a Arewa, Serbiya da Masadoiniya ta Arewa a Yamma, Girka da Turkiyya a Kudu.Bulgeriya ta samu yancin kanta a shekara ta 1878 (akwai ƙasar Bulgeriya mai mulkin kai daga karni na bakwai bayan haihuwar Annabi Isah zuwa karni na sha ɗaya, da daga karni na sha biyu zuwa karni na sha huɗu). 

Daga shekara ta 2026, shugaban ƙasar Bulgeriya Iliana Iotova ne. Firaministan ƙasar Bulgeriya Rosen Zhelyazkov ne daga shekara ta 2025.

## Hotuna

File:Trevistolake.jpg|Lake Trevisto
File:Sofia_University_(37536311404).jpg|Sofia
File:%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE.jpg|Stara Planina with Raysko Praskalo waterfall
File:Burgas_Juni2012_Hafen_Burgas.jpg|Burgas
File:Euxinograd-palace-benkovski.png|Fadar Euxinograd
File:Observers_Black_sea_coast.jpg|Tekun Black sea
File:Chairliftview.jpg|Varna


## Manazarta


.
Kazech

**Kazech** ko **Cak** ko **Jamhuriyar Cak**, ƙasa ce, da ke a nahiyar Turai. Cak tana da yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba'i 78,866. Cak tana da yawan jama'a 10,610,947, bisa ga jimilla a shekarar 2016. Cak tana da iyaka da Jamus, Poland, Slofakiya kuma da Austriya. *Babban birnin* Cak, Prag ne.

Cak ta samu yancin kanta a shekara ta 1993.
## Hotuna

Fayil:Wenceslaus_I_Duke_of_Bohemia_equestrian_statue_in_Prague_2.jpg|St Venceslas, detail, Prag
Fayil:Prag-3770-Strahov-vom_Pet%C5%99%C3%ADn-Aussichtsturm-2008-gje.jpg|Prag Kazech
Fayil:Prag-4900-Stadt_vom_Rathausturm-2008-gje.jpg|Birnin Prag
Fayil:Zizkov_Television_Tower_Prague.jpg|Hasumiyar gidan Talabijin na Zizkov, Kazech
File:Velk%C3%BD_V%C5%99e%C5%A1%C5%A5ov,_Czech_Republic_-_panoramio.jpg|Jamhuriyar Czech 
File:Znojmo_Old_Town_Panorama_from_Castle_20190217.jpg|Tsohon garin Znojmo
File:Border_Austria-Czech_Republic_(Schrattenberg_-_Valtice).JPG|Iyakar Austriya da Jamhuriyar Czech
Fayil:Pam%C3%A1tn%C3%ADk_na_V%C3%ADtkov%C4%9B.jpg|Monument to Jan Žižka and mausoleum of Klement Gottwald, Prag
File:Zvona%C5%99ka,_Brno,_the_Czech_Republic,_2008-06-11.jpg|Czech 


## Manazarta
Hungariya

**Hungariya** ko **Hangare** ƙasa ce, da ke a nahiyar Turai. Babban birnin ƙasar Hungariya Budapest ne. Hungariya tana da yawan fili kimanin kilomita arabba'i . Hungariya tana da yawan jama'a , bisa ga jimilla a shekarar ta 2019. Hungariya tana da iyaka da ƙasasen bakwai: Slofakiya a Arewa, Ukraniya a Arewa aso Gabas, Romainiya a Gabas da Kudu maso Gabas, Serbiya a Kudu, Kroatiya da Sloveniya a Kudu maso Yamma, da Austriya a Yamma. Hungariya ta samu yancin kanta a karni da tara bayan haihuwar Annabi Issa.

Daga shekara ta 2012, shugaban ƙasar Hungariya János Áder ne. Firaministan ƙasar Hungariya Viktor Orbán ne daga shekara ta 2010.

## Hotuna

Fayil:V%C3%A1ci_Street,_2009_Budapest,_Europe_(3898053145).jpg|Budapest nahiyar Turai
Fayil:Buda_Castle_from_Gell%C3%A9rt_Hill,_Anastasia_Zhenina_2015_(Unsplash).jpg|Anastasia
Fayil:View_from_Saint_Stephen%27s_Basilica,_Budapest,_Europe_(3898792084).jpg|Budapest Hungary
Fayil:19-10-03-Margarethenbr%C3%BCcke_und_Margaretheninsel-RalfR.jpg|Margaretheninsel
File:King_St._Ladislaus.jpg|St. Ladislaus na Hungary, Basilica a Győr (Hungary)
File:Hungarian_National_Theater_Budapest.jpg|Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa, Budapest
File:Mujegpalya_Ice_Rink.jpg|Budapest, Castle Vajdahunyad da City Ice Ring
File:Beech_forest_M%C3%A1tra_in_winter.jpg|Dajin Beech Matra
File:Esztergom_by_night_01_-_Simor_J%C3%A1nos_utca.jpg|Esztergom a dare
File:HUN-2015-Budapest-Hungarian_Parliament_(Budapest)_2015-02.jpg|Majalisar Hungariya
File:Megyeri_h%C3%ADd.jpg|Megyeri
File:Sz%C3%A9chenyi_Chain_Bridge_in_Budapest_at_night.jpg|Gada a Budapest da dare
File:Vajdahunyad_v%C3%A1ra_Budapest_September_2013.jpg|Vajdahunyad
File:The_river_K%C3%B6r%C3%B6s_near_the_Hungarian_town_Mez%C5%91ber%C3%A9ny.jpg|Kogin koros
File:Hu-map.png|Taswirar kasar


## Manazarta
Moldufiniya

**Moldufiniya** ko **Maldoba** ƙasa ce, da ke a nahiyar Turai. Babban birnin Moldufiniya shine Chisinau. 

## Hotuna

File:Vorota_kishineva.jpg|Gates of the city
File:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2._%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB..JPG|Tashar jirgin Kasa ta Chișinău
Fayil:Chisinau_lac_Valea_Morilor.jpg|Bakin Teku na Kasar
Fayil:Chisinau_Museum_of_Archeology_and_the_History.jpg|Gidan Tarihi na Kasa na Chisinau, Moldova
Fayil:Chisinau_Stefan_cel_Mare_park_fountain.jpg|Wurin shakatawa
File:Flag_of_Moldova.svg|Tutar kasar 
File:Map_of_the_Moldavian_SSR.jpg|Taswirar Moldavian 
Fayil:Riscani_panorama_03_cropped.jpg|Alecu Russo street, Chișinău
File:Chisinau,_Moldova_(satellite_view).jpg|An dauki hoton Chisinau, Moldava, da na'urar daukar hoto daga sama
Fayil:Parliament_Building_Moldova.jpg|Ginin Majalisa, Chisinau, Moldova


## Manazarta
Romainiya

**Romainiya** ko **Romeniya** ƙasa ce, da ke a nahiyar Turai. Babban birnin ƙasar Hungariya Bukarest ne. Romainiya tana da yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba'i . Romainiya tana da yawan jama'a , bisa ga jimilla a shekarar 2024. Romainiya tana da iyaka da ƙasashen biyar: Bulgeriya a Kudu, Ukraniya a Arewa, Hungariya a Yamma, Serbiya a Kudu maso Yamma, da Moldufiniya a Gabas. Romainiya ta samu yancin kanta a shekara ta 1859. 

Daga shekara ta 2025, shugaban ƙasar Romainiya shine Nicușor Dan. Firaministan ƙasar Romainiya Ilie Bolojan ne daga shekara ta 2025.

## Hotuna

File:Biblioteca_Central_de_la_Universidad_de_Bucarest,_Bucarest,_Ruman%C3%ADa,_2016-05-29,_DD_97-99_HDR.jpg|Central University Library
File:Muzeul_de_Arta_curte.jpg|National Art Museum of Romania
File:View_from_the_Palace_of_Parliament_in_Bucharest.jpg|București
File:Bucharest_1868.JPG|Bucharest, 1868
File:Bucharest_-_Royal_Palace_Square_(28712196360).jpg|Bucharest, Royal Palace Square
File:Statie_Metrou_-_Titan.jpg|Statie Metrou Titan
File:Romania_(orthographic_projection).svg|Taswirar Duniya: Na nuna Kasar Romaniya da launi kore 
File:OltRiver.jpg|Kogin Olt
File:Galati_-_zona_portului_vechi.jpg|Galati
File:TurnulChindiei.jpg|Hasumiyar Chindiei


## Manazarta
Slofakiya

**Slofakiya** ko **Jamhuriyar Slofakiya**, ƙasa ce dake a nahiyar Turai. Slofakiya tana da yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba'i 49 035. Slofakiya tana da yawan jama'a 5,410,836, bisa ga ƙidayar yawan jama'a na shekarar 2013. Slofakiya tana da iyaka da Kazech, da Poland, da Hungariya, da Austriya kuma da Ukraniya. Babban birnin Slofakiya, Bratislava ne.

## Hotuna

File:Man%C3%ADnsk%C3%A1_ties%C5%88ava1.jpg|Dutsin Sulovske
File:Hrad_Krasna_Horka.jpg|Krásna Hôrka
File:Kraje_Slovenska.svg|Taswirar yankunan Slovenska
File:Bodruzal_cerkov_1658_ZeliPVL.JPG|Cocin katako a yankin Slovak na tsaunin Carpathian
File:Map_of_Slovak_autonomous_country_1861.png|Map of Slovak autonomous country 1861
File:Maria_Terezia_szobor_ledontes_kep.png|Maria Terezia szobor ledontes kep
File:Hurbanovo_-_november_1938.jpg|Hurbanovo, Slovak Nuwamba, 1938
File:Slovakia_Presov_503.jpg|Prešovská univerzita Prešov


## Manazarta
Albaniya

**Albaniya** (ko **Albania**) ko **Jamhuriyar Albaniya** ƙasa ce, da ke a nahiyar Turai. Babban birnin ƙasar Albania shi ne Tirana.  

## Hotuna

Fayil:Kisha_Durres_02.jpg|Church of Saint Asti and Apostle Paul in Durrës
Fayil:Stare_mury_miejskie_Durr%C3%ABs.jpg|Ancient Walls in Durrës
Fayil:Torra_ne_Durres.jpg|Venetian Tower of Durrës
File:BANESA_QYTETARE_SHKODRANE.jpg|Albaniya 
File:Kisha_e_Manastirit_Te_Rubikut_03.jpg|Cocin Rubikut
File:Himar%C3%AB-Albania6.JPG|Bakin Teku 
File:Albania-map.png|Taswirar Albaniya 
File:Ura_e_Mesiit.jpg|Gasar Mesiit


## Manazarta
Lithuania

**Lithuania** ƙasa ne, da ke a nahiyar 

## Hotuna

File:Lithuanian_military_history._9th_Infantry_Regiment_of_the_Lithuanian_Duke_Vytenis,_1919_04_08,_Lithuania.jpg|Tarihin soja na Lithuania. Rundunar Sojan Sama na 9 na Lithuania Duke Vytenis, 1919 04 08, Lithuania.
File:Lithuanian_army_units_in_Liepoja_street_during_the_strike,_1923-04-09,_Klaip%C4%97da,_Lithuania.jpg|Rukunin sojojin Lithuania a titin Liepoja yayin yajin aikin, 1923-04-09, Klaipėda, Li
File:Flowerbed_and_flags,_Vilnius_LT.jpg|Flowerbed and flags, Vilnius LT
File:Chapel_pillar_of_five_hearts_in_Tirk%C5%A1liai,_Lithuania,_interbellum.jpg|Chapel pillar of five hearts in Tirkšliai, Lithuania, interbellum
File:Panev%C4%97%C5%BEys001.JPG|Kasar Lithuania 
File:Flag_of_Lithuania.svg|Tutar Lithuania 
File:Vilnius_center_in_2017.jpg|Vilnius center, 2017

Turai.
Laitfiya

**Laitfiya** a ƙasar a Turai. Babban Birninta shi ne Riga. 

***Yawan jama'a**: 1,953,200 (2016)
***Shugaban** Egils Levits
## Hotuna

File:Al%C5%ABksnes_stacijas_bag%C4%81%C5%BEas_%C5%A1k%C5%ABnis.jpg|Alūksnes stacijas bagāžas škūnis
File:K%C4%81zu_ceremonija_%C4%81r%C4%81_pie_ezera_V%C4%93%C4%B7os.jpg|Wani Kogi a birnin Latvija
File:K%C4%81kciema_centrs.jpg|Latvija
File:ATTACENTRE.jpg|Birnin 
File:Balvi-_koka_bazn%C4%ABca_-_panoramio.jpg|Balvi, Latvija
File:Madona_park_pond.jpg|Wurin shakatawa na Madona, Latvija
File:Melderurga_pie_Melder%C4%AB%C5%A1u_m%C4%81j%C4%81m.jpg|Dusar ƙanƙara a birnin Latvija
File:Kaart_Letland.jpg|Taswirar kasar
File:Flag_of_Latvia.svg|Tutar kasar 
File:Views_of_Latvia_DSCF5045_-_Flickr_-_davispuh.jpg|Latvia
File:Old_borderstone_near_Purms%C4%81ti_-_panoramio.jpg|Old borderstone near Purmsāti
 

## Manazarta
Jersey

**Jersey** tsibiri ne, a cikin kasar Birtaniya.
## Hotuna

File:Jersey_round_tower.jpg|Hasumiya
File:Mont_orgueil.JPG|Mont orgueil
 

## Manazarta
Åland

**Åland** tsibiri ne, da ke a nahiyar Turai, a cikin Tekun Balti. Bangaren ƙasar Finland ne. Åland yana da babban tsibirin ɗaya, tsibirin Fasta, da kuma tsibirin ƙarami dubu shida da dari biyar. 
## Hotuna

File:Stadsbiblioteket_i_Mariehamn_1991..jpg|Aland
File:Sj%C3%B6fartsskolan_i_Mariehamn,_2..jpg
File:Kyrkan_i_Mariehamn_1..jpg|Aland


## Manazarta
Guernsey

**Guernsey** tsibiri ce, a cikin kasar Birtaniya.
## Hotuna

File:Sark_Henge.jpg|Sark Henge
File:Guernsey_July_2010_tower_20,_Loophole_Tower_No._4.jpg|Hasumiya
File:Guernsey_2012_016,_St._Sampson_church,_war_memorial.jpg|Coci, Guernsey
 

## Manazarta
Isle of Man

**Man** tsibirin ce, a cikin kasar Birtaniya.
## Hotuna

File:Isle_of_Man_Airport.jpg|Filin jirgin sama na Tsibirin 
File:IOM_Creg-ny-Baa_pub.jpg|Mashaya ta Jama'a 
File:Douglas_Railway_Station_Isle_of_Man.jpg|Layin dogo na tsibirin 
File:Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg|Tutar tsibirin 
 

## Manazarta
Masadoiniya ta Arewa

**Jamhuriyar Masadoiniya/Makedoniya ta Arewa**) ƙasa ce, da ke a nahiyar Turai. Babban *birnin ƙasa* Skopje ne. 

## Hotuna

File:View_of_Krushevo.jpg|Krushevo
File:St.Preobrazenie_Tose_Proeski_church.jpg|Coci, Masadoiniya ta Arewa 
File:Vardar_Stone_Bridge_Skopje.jpg|The Stone Bridge in Skopje.
File:Crni_Drim_Struga.jpg|The centre of Struga and the River Drim.
File:Parliament_Skopje.jpg|The parliament of North Macedonia in Skopje.
File:Coat_of_arms_of_Skopje.svg|Coat of arsms of skopje,
File:Map_of_the_region_Macedonia_on_Macedonia.svg|Taswira


## Manazarta
Andorra

**Andorra**, ƙasa ce, da ke a nahiyar Turai. Andorra tana da yawan fili kimanin na kilomita arabba'i 468. Andorra tana da yawan jama'a 77,281, bisa ga jimilla a shekarar 2016. Andorra tana da iyaka da Faransa kuma da Hispania. Babban birnin Andorra, Andorra la Vella ne.

Andorra ta samu yancin kanta a shekara ta 1278.

## Hotuna

File:Andorra_la_Vella_view.jpg|Andorra la Vella
File:Grau_Roig.JPG|Grau Roig


## Manazarta
Bosnia-Herzegovina

**Bosnia-Herzegovina** ko **Bosiniya Hazegobina**, ƙasa ce, da ke a nahiyar Turai. Bosnia-Herzegovina tana da yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba'i 51,197. Bosnia-Herzegovina tana da yawan jama'a 3,531,159, bisa ga ƙidayar yawan jama'a a shekarar 2013. Bosnia-Herzegovina tana da iyaka da Kroatiya, da Serbiya, kuma da Montenegro. Babban birnin Bosnia-Herzegovina, Sarajevo ne.

Bosnia-Herzegovina ta samu yancin kanta a shekara ta 1992.

## Hotuna

File:Studio_portrait_of_a_woman_in_traditional_folk_clothes_from_Bile%C4%87a_-_1903.jpg|Hoton mace a cikin kayan gargajiya a Bileća - 1903
File:Mrkonji%C4%87i_Monastery_1.jpg
File:Stolac_1890_Muzej_Bec.jpg|Shugaban 1890 Vienna Museum.
File:Hercegovina_Gospel_40.jpg|Bisharar Herzegovina
Mezoregija Trebinje PP.PNG|"Gabashin Herzegovina" ko Yankin Trebinje" a jamhuriyar Srpska
Herzegovina-Neretva_in_Federation_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg|Herzegovina-Neretva
West_Herzegovina_in_Federation_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg|Yammacin Herzegovina Herzegovina.png|Yaswira mai nuna yankunan tattalin arzikin  Herzegovina, an shirya a 2013.


## Manazarta
Istoniya

**Istoniya** kasar Turai ne. Karamin kasar a Baltic Yankin, Arewacin Turai ne. Istoniya tana da makwabta suna Finland, Laitfiya, Rash da kuma Sweden.

## Hotuna

File:PiritaBeach.jpg|Bakin Teku na Pirita
File:Hanseatic_Days_of_Tartu_2007_Estonia2.JPG|Kwanakin Hanseatic na Tartu 2007
File:Jard%C3%ADn_Bot%C3%A1nico_de_Tallinn,_Estonia,_2012-08-12,_DD_05.JPG|Lambun Botanic Tallinn
File:Vesilennukite_angaar_1.jpg|Seaplane Harbor
File:XXV_%C3%BCldlaulupidu.JPG|Bikin Waƙar Estoniya XXV
File:Record_sea_ice_in_Gulf_of_Finland_2003.jpg|Hoton tauraron dan adam daga Janairu 10, 2003
File:Schloss_Toompea_von_der_Seite.jpg|Ginin majalisar Estoniya
File:Plaza_de_la_Torre,_Tallinn,_Estonia,_2012-08-05,_DD_12.JPG|Ganuwar tsohon birnin
File:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|Tutar kasar
Gibraltar

**Gibraltar** yankin Birtaniya ne, kusa da Ispaniya ta Kudu, a cikin Turai.

## Hotuna

File:EF-111A_Raven_overflies_tanker_near_Gibraltar.jpg|Jirgin sama mai lamba EF-111A Raven ya wuce Dutsen Gibraltar
File:PortofGibraltar2.jpg|Tashar jiragen Ruwa 
File:Moschee-Gibraltar-Europa-Point.jpg|Masallaci, Gibraltar 
File:Gibraltar_Border.jpg|Iyaka tsakanin kasar Ispaniya da Gibraltar
File:Gibraltar_Airport,_Bay_of_Gibraltar_and_La_L%C3%ADnea_from_the_Rock.jpg|An dauki hoton Filin jirgin Sama, daga Dutsen Gibraltar
Montenegro

**Montenegro** ko **Monteneguro** ƙasa ce, da ke a nahiyar Turai. Babban birnin ƙasar Montenegro Podgoritsa ne. Montenegro tana da yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba'i . Montenegro tana da yawan jama'a , bisa ga jimilla a shekarar 2020. Montenegro tana da iyaka da ƙasasen huɗu: Bosnia-Herzegovina a Arewa maso Yamma, Serbiya a Arewa maso Gabas, Kosovo a Gabas da Albaniya a Kudu maso Gabas. Montenegro ta samu yancin kanta a shekara ta 2006 (akwai ƙasar Montenegro mai mulkin kai daga shekara ta 1852 zuwa shekara ta 1918 ; daga shekara ta 1918 zuwa shekara ta 2006, Montenegro yanki ce a cikin tsohon ƙasar Yugoslaviya, san nan Serbiya). 

Daga shekara ta 2018,shugaban ƙasar Montenegro Milo Đukanović ne. Firaministan ƙasar Montenegro Duško Marković ne daga shekara ta 2016.
## Hotuna

File:Bobotov_Kuk.jpg|Duwatsun Bobotov Kuk
File:Slovenska_Beach_in_Budva,_Montenegro_aa.jpg|Bakin Teku na Budva, Montenegro
File:Perast.jpg|Birnin Perast, Montenegro 
File:Montenegro-map.gif|Taswirar Montenegro 


## Manazarta
San Marino

**San Marino** ko **Jamhuriyar San Marino :ƙasa** ne, da ke a nahiyar Turai. San Marino tana da yawan fili kimanin kilomita arabba'i (61,2) San Marino tana da yawan jama'a 33,285, bisa ga jimilla a shekara ta (2016) Andorra tana da iyaka da Italiya. Babban birnin San Marino, San Marino ne.

San Marino ta samu yancin kanta a shekara ta( 301)
## Hotuna

File:SanMarino1991.jpg|Dutsin Titano
File:San_Marino_bastione_2.jpg|Hasumiya
File:Sm-map.png|Taswirar San Marino


## Manazarta
Serbiya

**Serbiya** (da Serbiyanci: Србија) ƙasa ce, da ke a nahiyar Turai. Babban birnin ƙasar Serbiya Belgrade ne.
Tana iyaka da Hungary daga arewa, Romania zuwa arewa maso gabas, Bulgaria a kudu maso gabas, arewa maso gabas, Arewacin Macedonia a kudu, Croatia da Bosnia da Herzegovina zuwa yamma, da Montenegro a kudu maso yamma. Serbia na ikirarin iyaka da Albaniya ta yankin Kosovo da ake takaddama a kai. Serbia tana da mazauna kusan miliyan 6.6, ban da Kosovo. Babban birninta Belgrade kuma shine birni mafi girma.
Ci gaba da zama tun zamanin Paleolithic, yankin Serbia na zamani ya fuskanci ƙaura na Slavic a cikin karni na 6, wanda ya kafa jihohin yanki da yawa a farkon zamanai na tsakiya a wasu lokutan da aka amince da su a matsayin tributary ga daular Byzantine, Frankish da Hungarian. Masarautar Serbia ta sami karbuwa daga Holy See da Constantinople a cikin 1217, ta kai kololuwar yankinta a 1346 a matsayin Daular Serbia. A tsakiyar karni na 16, daular Usmaniyya ta mamaye kasar Serbia ta zamani; A wasu lokuta daular Habsburg ta katse mulkinsu, wanda ya fara fadada zuwa tsakiyar Serbia daga karshen karni na 17 yayin da yake da tushe a Vojvodina. A farkon karni na 19, juyin juya halin Serbia ya kafa kasa-kasa a matsayin daular farko ta tsarin mulki a yankin, wanda daga baya ya fadada yankinsa.[10] A cikin 1918, bayan yakin duniya na ɗaya, Masarautar Serbia ta haɗu da tsohuwar kambin Habsburg na Vojvodina; daga baya a wannan shekarar ta shiga tare da sauran kasashen Kudancin Slavic a kafuwar Yugoslavia, wanda ya kasance a cikin tsarin siyasa daban-daban har zuwa yakin Yugoslavia na 1990s.

## Hotuna

File:Smederevo_building_at_the_market.JPG|Ginin Smederevo 
File:Nisgradnocu.jpg|Birnin Nis
File:Vr%C5%A1ac_(14370906663).jpg|Birnin Vrsac
File:Augustus_Francis_Sherman_-_Romani_in_Serbia,_1906.jpg|Yan ƙabilar Romani


## Manazarta
Wikipidiya

**Wikipidiya** Insakulofidiya ce ta kyauta da ke tattare da harsuna daban-daban a faɗin duniya, wanda al'ummomi masu bada gudummawa ke rubuta mukalai ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa a fili (ba tare da ɓoye-ɓoye ba). A turance a na kiran editocinta da suna ***Wikipedians***. Wikipidiya ta kasance farfajiyar nazari mafi girma a tarihin ilimin duniya. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun shafukan yanar gizo guda goma a duniya kamar yadda Similarweb ta zayyano; izuwa shekara ta 2022 kuwa, Wikipidiya itace ta 7 a cikin jerin fitattun shafuka na yanar gizo a duniya. gidauniyar Wikimedia Foundation ce ke daukan nauyin shafin wikipidiya. ita kuwa **Wikimedia Foundation** wata kungiya ce wanda ba'a samar da riba (wato non-profit organization a Turance) na kasar Amurka, kuma suna samun kudadensu ne ta hanyar taimako/gudummawa (donation) daga wasu kungiyoyi ko jama'a.

Wikipedia shafi ne na yanar gizo wanda masu bada gudummawa ke rubuta muƙalai kuma su ke gudanar da ita, ta hanyar shigar da ilimi ko gyare-gyare da sauransu. A Turance ana kuma kiran duk wani mai gyare-gyare ko shigar da ilimi a shafukan Wikipedia da suna "Wikipedian". Wikipidiya tana tattare da harsunan duniya da dama, a shafinta kowa na iya ƙirƙira ko gyara muƙala a kyauta domin taimakawa wajen samar da ilimi kyauta, wannan ne yasa wikipidiya tayi zarra a duk duniya wurin samar da ilimi daga asalin inda ilimin ya fito.

Kowa da kowa na da damar bada gudummawa wajen yaɗa ilimi ta hanyar ƙirƙiran sabuwar muƙala ko gyara ƙirƙirarrun muƙalai da ke buƙatan a ingantasu ta hanyar gyara wasu 'yan kura-kurai ko ƙarin bayani. Harwayau babu wani shafi a duniya baki ɗaya da ya tattara ilimi da bayanai a yanar gizo a yanzu kamar wikipidiya, kuma miliyoyin ɗalibai ne da malamai, da sauran mutane suke amfana daga manhajar a kullum.

## Tarihi
An ƙaddamar da shafin **Wikipidiya** ne a ranar 15 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2001, Jimmy Wales tare da Larry Sanger ne suka haɗa gwiwa wajen samar da shafin. Suka sanya mata suna ta hanyar hade kalmar *wiki* da *encyclopedia*. A farkon ƙirƙirar shafin an kafa tane da Turanci kadai amma daga baya sanadiyar karɓuwa da shafin yayi ne yasa ake samar da ƙarin Harsuna akai-akai har zuwa yanzu. A halin yanzu akwai maƙaloli sama da 6,713,721 a sashen Wikipidiya na Turanci wanda kuma shine sashen da yafi kowanne shahara da tarin maƙaloli. Ayanzu akwai sama da maƙaloli guda miliyan arba'in a mabanbantan yarurruka sama da 301, sannan shafin yana samun masu ziyara mabanbanta sama miliyan 500, adadin duka masu ziyara sunkai sama da biliyan 18 ko wanne wata tun daga watan Fabrairu na shekara ta 2014.

## Hausa Wikipidiya
A sashen Hausa na wikipidiya kuma akwai maƙaloli sama da dubu 53 ya zuwa watan Janairu a shekara ta 2025. duk da yake sashen yana da ƙarancin masu bayar da gudunmuwa amma a hankali sashen yana ƙara bunƙasa cikin gaggawa.

## Manazarta
Vatican

**Vatican** ko **Batikan**, ƙasa ce, da ke a nahiyar Turai. Vatican tana da yawan fili kimani na kilomita araba'in 0,44. Vatican tana da yawan jama'a kimanin mutane 1,000, bisa ga jimillar a shekarar 2017. Vatican tana da iyaka da Italiya.

Ita ce fadar Fafaroma, har ila yau Birnin ne cibiyan mabiya kiristoci na darikar katolika suke zaune.


File:Giardini_vaticani,_chiesa_di_santo_stefano_degli_abissini,_01.jpg|Vatican 
File:Vatican_5.jpg|Lambu, Vatican 
|File:Michelangelo's Pietà Saint Peter's Basilica Vatican City.jpg|Michelangelo's *[[Pietà (Michelangelo)|Pietà]]*, in the Basilica, is one of the Vatican's best known artworks
|File:Lightmatter Sistine Chapel ceiling.jpg|Michelangelo's frescos on the Sistine Chapel ceiling, "an artistic vision without precedent"
|File:The Sistine Hall of the Vatican Library (2994335291).jpg|The elaborately decorated Sistine Hall in the Vatican Library
|File:Vatican Museums 2011 6.jpg|Main courtyard of the Vatican Museums


## Manazarta

.
Sloveniya

**Sloveniya:** kasa ce daga cikin kasashen Nahiyar Turai.

## Hotuna

File:View_of_Koper_from_Zusterna.JPG|Birnin Koper, Slovenia
File:Triglav.jpg|Dutsen Triglaw
File:Bled_Overview.JPG|Tafkin Bled
File:Nova_Gorica_0720069_1600x1062_77.jpg|Nova Gorica
Luksamburg

**Luksamburg** kasa ne, da ke a yankin Yammacin Turai;  sunan hukuma ita ce Grand Duchy na Luxembourg (Luxembourgish: Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg, Faransanci: Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, Jamusanci: Großherzogtum Luxemburg).  Tana daga cikin ƙasashe na farko a Tarayyar Turai.  Hakanan memba ne na Benelux.  Ƙasashen da ke kusa da Luxembourg su ne Belgium, Jamus, da Faransa.  A cikin 2015, yawan jama'arta ya kai 569,700, yana mai sanya ta ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen Turai da ke da yawan jama'a.

## Hotuna

File:Bonnevoie_(3753700984).jpg|Bonnevoie, Luxembourg 
File:Moselle_river_in_Machtum_(3).jpg|Kogin Moselle
File:Luxembourg-sm-sur-1.jpg|Wani daji a Luxembourg 
File:Veterans_Day_at_Luxembourg_American_Cemetery_and_Memorial_(52625547460).jpg|Ranar zaƙaƙuran Sojoji a Luksamburg, American Cemetery and Memorial
File:Division_of_Luxembourg_after_Belgian_Independence.jpg|Rukuni na Luxembourg bayan  samun 'Yancin kan Belgian
File:Luxembourg_City_Williammonument1.jpg|Fadar Guillaume: mutum-mutumi na Grand Duke Guillaume II, Luksamburg.
File:Luxembourg_Dexia_Building.JPG|Ginin Dexia, Luksamburg
File:Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg|Tutar kasar 
File:MNHNL_01_Luxembourg.jpg|Alzette Valley. Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi na Ƙasa, Luksamburg
File:Roundel_of_Luxembourg.svg|Cocarde luxembourgeoise
Liechtenstein

**Liechtenstein** ƙasa ne, da ke a nahiyar Turai.

, a shekarar 1974]]

## Hotuna

File:Rheindamm,_Liechtenstein_(47348335781).jpg|Rheindamm, Liechtenstein
File:Liechtenstein_23_46_53_783000.jpeg|Birnin 
File:Lichtenstein_(29414008363).jpg|Lichtenstein
File:Pfarrkirche_St._Nikolaus_Balzers.JPG|Majami'a 
File:Grauspitzen.JPG|Grauspitz (Tsauni mafi tsayi a Liechtenstein)
File:Alte_Rheinbr%C3%BCcke_Vaduz.jpg|Tsohuwar gada a Vaduz, Liechtenstein
File:Hohes_Haus_Landesbank_FL.jpg|Ginin Majalisar, Liechtenstein
File:Grenze_Liechtenstein,_Balzers.jpg|Iyaka tsakanin Liechtenstein da Switzerland
File:Liechtenstein_-_Gemeinden_mit_Exklaven.png|Rukunin gudanarwa na Liechtenstein
Holand

**Holland** na iya nufin:

## Wurare

* Holand, Trøndelag, ƙauye a gundumar Lierne, Trøndelag, kasar Norway
* Holand, Sortland, ƙauye a gundumar Sortland, Nordland, kasar Norway
* Holand, Vega, ƙauye a cikin gundumar Vega, Nordland, Norway

## Mutane

* Hjalmar Holand, Ba'amurke masanin tarihi kuma marubuci
* Johan E. Holand, ɗan jaridar ɗan Norway kuma ɗan siyasa
* Lisbeth Holand, 'yar siyasa 'yar Norway ta Socialist Left Party
* Otho Holand, sojan Ingila kuma wanda ya kirkiro Knight of the Garter

## Wasu

* Baron Holand, taken Turanci

## Duba kuma

* Høland, tsohuwar gunduma a cikin gundumar Akershus, Norway
* Holland, yanki ne kuma tsohon lardin da ke yammacin gabar tekun Netherlands
* Holland (rashin fahimta)
* Holandia (rashin fahimta)
Walter Abbott

**Walter Abbott** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1877 - ya mutu a shekara ta 1941) shi ne ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne a ƙasar Ingila.
Steve Abbley

**Steve Abbley** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1957) dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Ingila.

## Manazarta
Ron Abbott

**Ron Abbott** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1953) shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila. 

## Manazarta
Ben Abbey

**Benjamin Charles Abbey** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1978) shi ne tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila. Ya yi wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa tare da Oxford United, Southend United da Macclesfield Town. Abbey tun daga nan ya ci gaba don ƙirƙirar aiki mai nasara a cikin ƙirƙira da Gudanar da Wasanni.

Abbey ya koma kulob ɗin Division Two na Oxford United daga kulob ɗin Crawley Town a watan Satumbar shekarar 1999 a kan kudi £30,000. 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Northwood FC Profile
* Ben Abbey
Samuel Abel

**Mark Abel** (an haife shi a 30 Disamba 1908) ya kasance ƙwararren dan wasa ne na ƙwallon ƙafa daga ƙasar Ingila.  

## Manazarta
Tony Ackerman

**Tony Ackerman** ( an haife shi a shekara ta shekarar alif dari tara da arba'in da takwas miladiyya 1948), shi ne 'dan wasan kwallon kafa ta kasar Ingila.
Alan A'Court

**Alan A’Court** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1934 - ya mutu a shekara ta 2009) shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila.Liverpool ta sayi Alan A'Court ne daga Prescot Pes Miti del Calcio. a shekara ta1956 zuwa shekara1962, 2nd Division International. Alan A'Court wanda ya fi buga wasawa Liverpool. Ya buga wa Ingila wasanni biyar kuma ya wakilci kasar a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA a  shekare1958. An haife shi ne a ranan 30 ga watan Satumba 1934, a Rainhill, United Kingdom. Ya mutu raban14 ga watan Disamba 2009, a Nantwich, United Kingdom.

## Manazarta
Alec Acton

**Alec Acton,** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1938 - ya mutu a shekara ta 1994) dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar Ingila.

## Manazarta
Nicky Adams

**Nicky Adams,** (an haife shi a kasar Ingila) ya kasance ƙwararren dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga ƙasar Ingila, wanda ke buga gefe a gasar Northern Premier League a kungiyar wasan kwallon kafa na Radcliffe. Duk da cewa ya kasance haifaffen kasar Ingila, ya wakilci ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta kasar Wales na 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 21.

Adams ya fara taka leda a matsayin kwararren dan wasa a shekara ta 2005 a Bury. Sannan har wayau ya taa leda a kungiyoyin wasan kwallon kafa irinsu  Bury, Leicester City, Brentford, Rochdale, Crawley Town, Rotherham United da kuma Carlisle United.

## Sana'a

### Bury

An haifi Adam a garin Bolton, Greater Manchester
A karshen kakar wasa ta bana, Adams ya lashe kyautar matashin dan wasa na shekara, bayan da ya samu kuri'u mafi yawa. Bayan da ya lashe matashin dan wasan na shekara, an ba shi sabuwar yarjejeniya don ci gaba da zama a Bury,ammaa a watan Yuni, Adams ya ki amincewa.

An haifi Adams a Bolton, Greater Manchester.
## Hotuna

File:Nicky_Adams.png|Nicky Adams
File:Nicky_Adams_vs_Oxford.png|Nicky a yayin wasa


## Manazarta
Rod Adams

**Rod Adams** (an haife a shekara ta 1945), shi ne 'dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila. 
 

## Manazarta
Basil Acres

**Basil Acres** (an haife a shekara ta 1926 - ya mutu a shekara ta 2000) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila ne.

 

## Manazarta
Tony Adams

**Tony Adams** (an haife shi a shekara ta shekarar alif dari tara da sittin da shida miladiyya 1966) shi ne dan wasan kwallon kafa ta kasar Ingila.
Harry Adamson

**Harry Adamson** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1912 - ya mutu a shekara ta 1989) shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila.
 

## Manazarta