open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Nadia Bakhurji

**Nadia H. Bakhurji** yar kasar Saudiyya ce kuma yar kasuwa ce. 

## Sana'a da ilimi
Bakhurji ta sami BSC a fannin gine-ginen cikin gida daga Jami'ar King Faisal a 1989.  Ta kafa kamfanin Riwaq of the Kingdom Est (ROK). 

Bakhurji ta zama mamban kwamitin kafa kungiyar mata ta Larabawa a shekarar 2000. Ta zama macen  a Saudiyya ta farko da ta yi rajista a matsayin 'yar takara a zaben karamar hukumar Riyadh, a shekara ta 2004,  wanda daga baya "hukuman Saudiyya suka soke shi"  lokacin da aka haramta zaben mata a Saudiyya. 

A shekara ta 2005, ta zama mace ta farko da ta zama mamba a hukumar Injiniya ta Saudiyya. An karɓe ta a cikin lambar yabo na Shugabannin Mata na Gabas ta Tsakiya na 11 a cikin shekara 2012. 

A cikin shekara 2007, an kafa Nadia Bakhurji a matsayin mai Gina gine da tsara guri a cikin Riyadh.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Bakhurji itace babba  a cikin 'yan'uwa 7.

## Nassoshi
Adedapo Tejuoso

**[[Oba]] Adedapo Adewale Tejuoso** is the Osile of Oke Ona Egbaland .Shi ne mahaifin Sanata Lanre Tejuoso.

An haifi Oba Tejuoso ga Joseph Somoye Tejuoso da Esther Bisoye Tejuoso,wacce jikanyar Oba Karunwi I na Oke Ona ce.
Clare B. Dunkle

**Clare B. Dunkle** (an haifeta a watan Yuni 11, 1964) marubucin fantas ɗin yaran Ba'amurke ne kuma ma'aikacin ɗakin karatu.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Dunkle Clare Buckalew a Fort Worth,Texas.Ta sami digiri na BA a cikin harshen Rashanci tare da ƙarami a cikin harshen Latin daga Jami'ar Triniti a San Antonio kuma ta yi aiki a ɗakin karatu na Jami'ar Triniti bayan ta sami MLS daga Jami'ar Indiana.Shekaru bakwai, ita da danginta sun zauna a yankin Rheinland Pfalz na Jamus wanda bai da nisa da birnin Trier na Romawa.Ƴaƴanta mata (Elena da Valerie)sun halarci makarantar kwana a can kuma sun karanta littattafanta hudu na farko a matsayin jerin haruffa daga gida.

## Manazarta
Anca Petrescu

**Mira Anca Victoria Mărculeț Petrescu** (ashirin 20 ga watan Maris shekara 1949, Sighișoara - 30 Oktoba shekara 2013, Bucharest ) ɗan ƙasar Romania ne kuma ɗan siyasa.

An haife ta a Sighișoara, Romania, Petrescu ya sauke karatu daga Cibiyar Gine-gine ta Ion Mincu a Bucharest a shekara  1973. 

A cikin shekara  1986, bisa umarnin shugaban Romanian Nicolae Ceaușescu, Petrescu ya zama babban mai zanen babban ginin majalisar dokoki Bucharest, megaproject na shekaru goma sha uku yana gina ginin gudanarwa na farar hula na biyu mafi girma duniya bayan Pentagon. cikin shekarun 1970s da 1980, ta shiga cikin ayyukan sake gina Bucharest da dama, wanda ya kai ga yin kaura na dubban mazauna wurin domin rusa tsofaffin unguwannin su, matalauta, tare da maye gurbinsu da cunkoson hasumiya na kwaminisanci. 

Petrescu ya yi aiki a matsayin dan majalisa na Jam'iyyar Greater Romania (PRM) tsakanin shekara 2004 zuwa shekara 2008.

A ranar biyar 5 ga Agusta shekara  2013, Petrescu ya shiga cikin wani babban hatsarin mota. Bayan wata daya, ta fada cikin rashin lafiya wanda ba ta warke ba, ta mutu daga rikice-rikice a ranar 30 ga watan Oktoba shekara 2013, tana da shekaru 64.  

## Nassoshi
Stephen Ocheni

**Stephen Ikani Ocheni** (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Yunin shekarar 1959) . ɗan Najeriya ne, farfesa a fannin lissafi kuma a halin yanzu ƙaramin ministan kwadago da samar da ayyukan yi, shugaba Muhammadu Buhari ne ya zaɓe shi a ranar 29 ga watan Maris, 2017; An rantsar da shi a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli, 2017.   An ba shi takardar aiki a ranar 16 ga watan Agusta, 2017 kuma ya ci gaba a ranar 18 ga watan Agusta, 2017 har zuwa lokacin da aka zaɓe shi, Ocheni shi ne shugaban tsangayar ilimin sarrafa kayayyaki na Jami’ar Jihar Kogi, Anyigba.   

## Manazarta
Claudia McNeil

**Claudia McNeil** (Agusta 13,1917 - Nuwamba 25, 1993)yar wasan kwaikwayo Ba'amurke ce wacce aka sani don fara aikin matriar Lena Younger a duka mataki da kuma fitowar allo na *A Raisin in the Sun.*

Daga baya ta fito a cikin wani shiri na 1981 na sigar kidan wasan kwaikwayo,*Raisin* wanda gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Laburaren Equity ya gabatar.An zabe ta sau biyu don lambar yabo ta Tony,na farko don wasanta na kan mataki a cikin *A Raisin in the Sun* (1959),sannan kuma don wasan *Tiger Tiger Burning Bright* a 1962.Hakanan an zaɓe ta don lambar yabo ta Golden Globe da lambar yabo ta BAFTA don sigar allo ta *Raisin in the Sun* a cikin 1961.

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi McNeil a Baltimore,Maryland, ga Marvin Spencer McNeil,wanda baƙar fata ce, da Annie Mae (Anderson) McNeil,mace Apache. Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York jim kaɗan bayan haihuwarta.Mahaifiyarta ce ta rene ta bayan mahaifinta ya bar gidan.Lokacin da yake da shekaru 12,McNeil ya fara aiki da Gidauniyar Heckscher don Yara. A can ta sadu da ma'aurata Yahudawa waɗanda daga baya suka karbe ta,  kuma McNeil ya zama ƙwararren Yiddish.

Ta zama ma'aikaciyar ɗakin karatu mai lasisi,amma ba da daɗewa ba ta fara rera waƙa a gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na vaudeville,da yin wasan kwaikwayo a wuraren shakatawa na dare a Harlem,Kauyen Greenwich da kuma kan titin 52nd.McNeil kuma ya rera waka ga Katherine Dunham Dance Troupe a ziyarar ta ta Kudancin Amurka.&#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

Ethel Waters ya ba ta shawarar ta fara wasan kwaikwayo,kuma ta fara wasanta na farko a New York a 1953,tana karatun Jacqueline Andre a cikin rawar Tituba a cikin ''The Crucible'' a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Martin Beck .  Ta fara ci gaba a cikin rawar a tsakiyar Maris 1953.Shekaru hudu bayan haka,Langston Hughes ya zaɓe ta don yin waƙa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na ''kiɗan sa mai sauƙi'' .Ta sami babban yabo akan wannan rawar.</link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;
Zahava Elenberg

**Zahava Elenberg** ita masaniyar gine-ginen Australiya ce. Ta haɗu da aikin gine-gine na tushen Melbourne Elenberg Fraser kuma shine wadda ta kafa madaidaicin masaukin da ya dace da kamfanin Move-in.

## Shekarun farko
Elenberg ita ce 'yar Anna Schwartz  kuma mai zane Joel Elenberg. Ita ce 'yar mawallafiya ce  kuma mai haɓaka Morry Schwartz.Elenberg ta halarci Preshil, Makarantar tunawa da Margaret Lyttle  kuma ta kasance darekta na Majalisar Makarantar Preshil da Gidauniyar Makarantar Preshil. 

Ta kammala karatun digiri na farko na gine-gine a Jami'ar RMIT kuma ta kammala karatun digiri a cikin shekara 1998 tare da karramawa na farko. 

Tun tana yarinya , yar wasan Melbourne Bill Henson ce ta ɗauki hoton Elenberg kuma ta yi magana don nuna goyon baya ga ƙimar fasahar aikinsa lokacin da 'yan sandan NSW suka kama shi bayan wani korafi da wani mai fafutukar kare yara ya yi.   

## Sana'a
A cikin shekara 1998 Elenberg ya haɗu da Elenberg Fraser Architecture tare da Callum Fraser, kuma ya yi fice a fagen ƙirar Ostiraliya. Yanzu tare da ofisoshi a Ostiraliya da Kudu-maso-Gabas Asiya, Elenberg Fraser  yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyuka na Ostiraliya tare da mai da hankali kan ƙirar gidaje da yawa.

A cikin 2002 Elenberg ya kafa Move-in,  kasuwancin da ke ƙware a cikin ƙirar ƙirar kayan aiki mai mahimmanci na ƙirar kayan aiki da ingantaccen ɗawainiya don masaukin ɗalibai, saka hannun jari, otal da sassan gidaje masu hidima, kuma ya ba da ayyuka a cikin Ostiraliya, Asiya. da Gabas ta Tsakiya.  

A cikin 2017 Elenberg ya shiga kwamitin MIFF,  bikin Fim na Duniya na Melbourne, tare da nauyi na musamman a cikin kuɗi, haɓaka haɓakawa da dabarun, ayyukan agaji da shirye-shiryen masana'antu. To

## Iyali
Elenberg yana da yara uku kuma suna zaune a Melbourne, Ostiraliya.

## Girmamawa
A cikin shekara  2003, Elenberg ya sami lambar yabo ta Telstra Young Business Woman of the Year  kuma a cikin shekara 2005 an kira shi Ernst &amp;amp; Young Southern Region Young Entrepreneur of the Year.

Elenberg ya kasance mai ba da gudummawa mai aiki a cikin al'ummar ƙira kuma ya shiga cikin tattaunawa da yawa da tattaunawa game da kasuwanci da ƙira. Bayan lambar yabo ta Telstra, Elenberg ta ba da jawabi ga ɗalibai 35,000, ma'aikata da baƙi a bikin kammala karatun Jami'ar RMIT Telstra Dome. 

## Nassoshi
Dale DeArmond

**Dale Burlison DeArmond** (Yuli 2, 1914 &#x2013; Nuwamba 21, 2006)yar Amurka ce mai buga littattafai kuma mai zane.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Dale F.Burlison a Bismarck,North Dakota,kuma ta sadu da Robert Neil DeArmond,ɗan asalin Sitka,Alaska,yayin da suke abokan karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Stadium a Tacoma,Washington.Sun yi aure a ranar 29 ga Yuli,1935,kuma sun zauna a kan troller a Sitka.A cikin 1938,sun ƙaura zuwa Pelican,sannan zuwa Ketchikan a 1944 kuma suka koma Sitka a 1949.Sun haifi ɗa da mace.

Misalinta na farko da aka buga na Kamfanin Buga na Sitka ne a cikin 1949.A cikin 1953,DeArmonds ya koma Juneau, inda mijinta ya kasance mataimakin babban mataimaki ga gwamnan yanki B. Frank Heintzleman.Ta yi aiki da Laburaren Yanki na Alaska,sannan ga ɗakin karatu na birnin Juneau,inda ta kasance darekta daga 1958 zuwa 1979.Sun ƙaura zuwa Gidan Majagaba na Sitka a shekara ta 1991,inda suka zauna. DeArmond ya mutu a Sitka, Alaska.

DeArmond galibi tana aiki ne da zane-zanen tawada da fensir da mai - abin da ba ta ji daɗi ba - har sai da ta ɗauki bitar yankan itace tare da ɗan wasan Wisconsin Danny Pierce (mai zane) a 1960.Ba ta sake kammala wani zanen mai ba, tana aikin yankan itace kawai na tsawon shekaru. A cikin 1975, ta yi tafiya tare da ƴan'uwansu masu fasaha na Alaska Rie Munoz da Diana Tillion zuwa Faransa, inda ta buga kwafin lithograph da yawa.Ta ci gaba da yin wasa a wasu kafofin watsa labarai,gami da siliki da etchings da yawa - ƙoƙari na ɗan gajeren lokaci saboda ba ta son kayan aikin da ake buƙata don waɗannan kwafin.Bayan ta fuskanci matsaloli tare da sassaƙa tubalan don kwafin itacenta,ta ɗauki ajin sassaƙa itace a 1978.Wannan ita ce hanyar da ta fi so har sai ta yi ritaya daga buga littattafai a 1999.
### Manazarta
Deanna B. Marcus

**Deanna Bowling Marcum** (Agusta 5, 1946 - Agusta 16, 2022)ma'aikaciyar laburare ne na Ba'amurke kuma shugabar sa-kai wanda ta yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Majalisar kan Laburare da Albarkatun Bayanai daga 1995 zuwa 2003, Mataimakin Littattafai don Ayyukan Laburare a Laburare na Majalisa daga 2003 zuwa 2011,kuma Manajan Darakta na Ithaka S+R daga 2012 zuwa 2016.

## Ilimi da kyaututtuka
An haife ta a Salem,Indiana,Marcum ta sami digiri na farko na Arts a Turanci daga Jami'ar Illinois a Chicago a 1967 kuma ta ci gaba da samun digiri na biyu a Turanci daga Jami'ar Kudancin Illinois a 1969.Ta koyar da Ingilishi kuma ta sami digiri na biyu a kimiyyar laburare daga Jami'ar Kentucky a 1971.Marcum ya sauke karatu daga Jami'ar Maryland a 1991 tare da likitan ilimin falsafa a cikin karatun Amurka.Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina ta ba ta digirin digirgir a cikin haruffan ɗan adam a cikin 2010.

A cikin 2011,Ƙungiyar Laburare ta Amurka ta ba ta lambar yabo ta Melvil Dewey (daga baya aka sake mata suna ALA Medal of Excellence),babbar lambar yabo ta ƙungiyar.A shekara ta 2016,Marcum ya karbi kyautar da aka bayar da kyautar da ta fice daga kungiyar da aka kirkira na kasa,wanda ta haɗu da ka'idojin da aka kirkira na kasa a 2019.

## Laburare da aikin sa-kai
Marcum ta fara aikinta na koyar da Ingilishi a Jami'ar Kentucky,inda ta sauya sana'a zuwa karatun laburare kuma ta yi aiki na tsawon shekaru uku akan shirin Gidauniyar Ford a Jami'ar Vanderbilt.Daga nan ta yi aiki tare da shirin horar da gudanarwa a Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Bincike daga 1977 zuwa 1981.   Daga 1980 zuwa 1989, ta yi aiki da Majalisar kan Albarkatun Laburare . Ta yi aiki a matsayin Dean na Makarantar Library na Jami'ar Katolika ta Amurka da Kimiyyar Bayanai daga 1989 zuwa 1992.Ta yi aiki a matsayin darektan sabis na jama'a da kula da tattara kaya a ɗakin karatu na Congress daga 1993 zuwa 1995. A cikin 1995, an nada ta shugabar Majalisar kan Albarkatun Laburare kuma ta kula da haɗewar ta da Hukumar Kulawa da Samun damar ƙirƙirar Majalisar kan Laburare da Albarkatun Labarai .Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar CLIR har zuwa Agusta 2003.Daga 2003 zuwa 2011,ta koma Library of Congress a matsayin Mataimakin Laburaren don Ayyukan Laburare,tana jagorantar ƙungiyoyi hamsin da uku da ofisoshin tare da ma'aikata ɗari goma sha shida tare da jagorantar ɗakin karatu zuwa ga ƙarin dijital nan gaba. Fannin gwaninta sun haɗa da kasida da adanawa.

A ranar 1 ga Janairu,2012,jim kaɗan bayan ta yi ritaya daga Library of Congress,Marcum ya shiga Ithaka S + R, ƙungiyar Ithaka Harbors,a matsayin darektan gudanarwa na farko.Ta sami tallafi daga Gidauniyar Gates, Lumina Foundation, da Mellon Foundation . Ta yi ritaya a cikin 2016, tsohon shugaban Kwalejin Vassar Catharine Bond Hill ya gaje shi, amma ya ci gaba da aiki ga Ithaka S + R a matsayin babban mai ba da shawara ga canjin ilimi da ɗakunan karatu da sadarwar masana har zuwa mutuwarta a watan Agusta 2022.
Anne Debarre

**Anne Debarre** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1957) yar ƙasar Faransa ce, malama kuma mai bincike ce. An kuma san ta da suna  **Anne Debarre-Blanchard.**

An haife ta a Paris,  ta cancanci zama  sannan ta sami Certificat d'Études Approfondies a cikin gine-gine daga  da Diplôme d'Études Approfondies daga Jami'ar Paris 8.Ta kasance mataimakiyar farfesa a tarihin gine-gine da al'adu a École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Paris-Malaquais da kuma a École d'Architecture Paris-Villemin. Ita memba ce a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Architecture a Cibiyar National de la recherche scientifique ta Faransa. Hakanan tana aiki a Majalisar Kimiyya don Ecole d'Architecture Paris-Malaquais.

Debarre ta ba da gudummawar labarai da yawa ga mujallu daban-daban, ciki har da *Archiscopie*, *CLARA*, *Métropolitiques* da *Journal des anthropologues*, kuma rubuce-rubucenta ya bayyana a cikin tarihin tarihi da yawa. Ta kuma halarci tarurrukan kimiyya da yawa. 

## Littattafai

* *Habiter à Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, entre utopie et innovation*, tare da Pascal Mory shekara (2002)
* *L'invention de l'habitation moderne, Paris, shekara1880-zuwa shekara1914*, tare da 
* *L'Architecture gida 1600-1914.* *Wani littafi na raisonnée* , tare da Monique Eleb shekara (1993)
* *Architectures de la vie privée.* *XVIIe-XIXe siècles* , tare da Monique Eleb shekara (1989)
* *Architecture na gida da tunani.* *Les traités et les pratiques.* *XIXe kuskure* , tare da Monique Eleb shekara (1985)

## Nassoshi
Dionne Mack

**Dionne Mack** (an haifeta a shekara ta 1973), wanda aka fi sani da **Dionne Mack-Harvin**, ɗan ɗakin karatu ne na Amurka. Ita ce babbar darektan ɗakin karatu na jama'a na Brooklyn daga 2007 zuwa 2011 kuma mace ta farko Ba'amurke da ta shugabanci babban tsarin ɗakin karatu a jihar New York.Ta kasance mataimakiyar manajan birni na El Paso,Texas tun Yuli 2017.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Mack kuma ya ciyar da farkon lokacin yarinta a South Carolina. Lokacin da take da shekaru 11, iyayenta sun rabu kuma ta koma Harlem, New York tare da mahaifiyarta da 'yan'uwanta. Mahaifinta direban babbar mota ne kuma mahaifiyarta ma'aikaciyar jinya ce mai lasisi. Ita ce mutum ta farko a cikin danginta da ta halarci kwalejin kuma ta sami digiri na farko daga Kwalejin SUNY da ke Brockport.Ta sami digiri na biyu na kimiyyar laburare daga Kwalejin Harkokin Jama'a da Siyasa ta Rockefeller. 

## Sana'a
Ta fara aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar ɗakin karatu a reshen Crown Heights na Laburaren Jama'a na Brooklyn a 1996.Ta zauna a cikin tsarin na shekaru da yawa kuma ta ɗauki matsayi da yawa. Ta kasance babban darektan tsarin ɗakin karatu na tsawon shekaru uku bayan kwangilar wucin gadi na shekara guda a cikin matsayi.Ta kula da rassa 60, ma'aikata 1,700, da kuma kasafin dala miliyan 103. 

Mack ya yi hayar wani kamfani mai ragewa don taimakawa korar ma'aikata 13 saboda gibin kasafin kudi. Wani labarin  yayi cikakken bayani game da harbe-harbe da kuma amfani da yaren da ya sa a iya gane wadanda aka kora. Bayan fitowar labarin, Mack ta bayyana cewa ba ta taba ba wa 'yar jaridar damar samun labarin ba, wanda 'yar jarida da manajan sadarwa na ɗakin karatu suka musanta. An yi la'akari da wannan a matsayin "abin kunya" ga tsarin ɗakin karatu, kuma bisa ga *New York Daily News*, na iya zama dalilin da ya sa Mack ya zaɓi yin murabus ba zato ba tsammani kamar yadda kwangilarta ta zo don sabuntawa.

Mack ya ɗauki matsayin Daraktan Library na Jama'a na El Paso Public Library a cikin Janairu 2011.Ta zama mataimakiyar manajan birni na amincin jama'a da sabis na tallafi na El Paso akan Yuli 17, 2017.

An ba ta suna ga Crain's New York 40 a ƙarƙashin jerin shugabannin kasuwanci 40 a cikin 2008.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Mack ya auri Ray Harvin.Suna da ɗa guda Naeem.
## Manazarta
Dina Abramowicz

**Dina Abramowicz** (1909Afrilu 3, 2000 )ma'aikaciyar ɗakin karatu ce a YIVO kuma ƙwararren yaren Yiddish .

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Abramowicz a Vilnius,sannan a karkashin mulkin Rasha. Iyayenta malamai ne. Ko da yake yarenta na farko na Rasha ne,lokacin da Jamusawa suka mamaye Vilnius a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya,sun ƙyale Yahudawa su kafa nasu makarantun.Iyayen Abramowicz sun aika da ita makarantar firamare da sakandare ta Yadish.A shekarunta na jami'a ta yi karatun adabi na kasar Poland.A cikin 1936 Abramowicz ya sauke karatu daga Jami'ar Stefan Bathory tare da digiri a fannin ɗan adam.

Aikinta na farko shine a ɗakin karatu na yara a Vilnius,Kinderbibliotek.Ba da daɗewa ba bayan kafuwarta ta shiga YIVO.

A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu,an saka Yahudawan Vilnius a cikin ghettos.Wani ma'aikacin ɗakin karatu,Herman Kruk,ya shirya ɗakin karatu kuma ya tambayi Abramowicz ya yi aiki da shi."Ta yaya za mu yi tunanin ɗakin karatu a ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayi,kuma wa zai zo ya karanta littattafai a can?"Ta tuna ta tambayi wani abokin karatunta."Tunda babu wani abu da mutum zai iya yi game da wannan yanayin rashin hankali,meye amfanin magana da mamaki?" ya amsa.A lokacin farkon shekararsa,ɗakin karatu na ghetto ya ba da rancen littattafai 100,000, galibi na almara na tserewa don rage radadin mazauna ghetto.

An kashe Vilnius ghetto a cikin 1943.An aika mahaifiyar Abramowicz zuwa Treblinka inda aka kashe ta.Za a aika Abramowicz zuwa sansanin ƙwadago,amma lokacin da aka buɗe ƙofar motar jirgin ƙasa a kan dandalin Vilnius,ta fita ba tare da an gane ta ba kuma ta tsere, daga ƙarshe ta yi aiki a wani sansanin da aka keɓe don sarrafa riguna na hunturu na sojojin Jamus.Ta tsere cikin daji kuma ta shiga cikin mayakan gwagwarmayar Yahudawa a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya. 

Bayan yakin ta yi hanyar zuwa birnin New York,inda ta sake saduwa da mahaifinta (wanda ya sake komawa can kafin yakin).A can ta ci karo da Max Weinreich, daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa YIVO, kuma tare suka yi aiki don sake kafa YIVO.A cikin 1947 Abramowicz an nada shi mataimakin ma'aikacin laburare a YIVO.A cikin 1953 Abramowicz ta sami digiri na biyu a Kimiyya daga Makarantar Kimiyyar Laburare a Jami'ar Columbia.Ta zama shugaban ɗakin karatu a YIVO a 1962,matsayin da ta riƙe har zuwa 1987.lokacin da aka nada ta ma’aikaciyar dakin karatu na bincike, mukamin da ta rike har zuwa rasuwarta.

Mutane sun tuna Abramowicz a matsayin yana da abin tunawa mai ban mamaki kuma a matsayin tushen ilimi don bayani game da al'adun Yiddish na Gabashin Turai.

Bayan mutuwarta, YIVO ta kafa Dina Abramowicz Emerging Scholar Fellowship don bincike na gaba da digiri a cikin Nazarin Yahudawa na Gabashin Turai.
Roser Amado

**Roser Amadó i Cercós** (ashirin da biyu 22 ga watan Janairu shekara 1944 zuwa -sha biyu  12 ga watan Satumba shekara 2023) yar ƙasar Spain ce.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Roser Amadó i Cercós yayi karatu a Higher Technical School of Architecture of Barcelona, tare da Lluís Domènech i Girbau. 

Amadó ne ke da alhakin tuba  na Fundació Antoni Tàpies (shekara 1986 zuwa -shekara 1990) da sabon hedkwatar Archive na Crown na Aragon (shekara 1990 zuwa-shekara 1993). su ma masu kula da ayyukan cibiyar tarihi na Lleida (1981-1984), wadda ta ƙunshi Fadar Adalci, lif Canyeret, makarantar Cervantes da wurin shakatawa na Marius Torres. 

A cikin shekara 1992, don wasannin Olympics a Barcelona, ta tsara La Vila Olímpica del Poblenou, ginin ofishin Eurocity 1 shekara (1989-zuwa shekara 1992).

YSauran ayyukan Amado sun hada da ginin mazaunin Titin Rec Comtal 20, Barcelona (1982-1985), hedkwatar Air Products SA (1990-1994), jirgin ruwa mai ajiya Honda a Santa Perpetua de Mogoda (1992-1993), katangar gidaje 240 a cikin Machinist (1999-2000), Chic & Basic Hotel a Amsterdam shekara(2006-zuwa shekara 2007), fitilun zirga-zirga na House da hedkwatar 'yan sanda a El Prat de Llobregat (2006-2009) da Nuria Espert Theatre a Sant Andreu de la Barca (2004-2010). 

A cikin shekara 2001, ta kafa kamfanin B01 Arquitectes tare da Lluís Domènech, Ramon Domènech, Carles Cortadas, Sander Laudy da Laura Pérez .

Amadó ya mutu a ranar sha biyu ga watan 12 ga Satumba, shekara 2023, tana da shekaru 79. 

## Nassoshi
Stefania Filo Speziale

**Stefania Filo Speziale** (1905 -1988) yar asalin ƙasar Italiya ce, mace ta farko da ta kammala digirinta daga cikin shirin gine-gine a Naples, Italiya.

## Tarihin rayuwa da Karatu
An haife ta a Naples kuma ta sauke karatu daga Regio istituto superiore di architettura a Naples a shekara 1932. Filo Speziale ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiya ga farfesa Marcello Canino a Faculty of Architecture a Jami'ar Naples. Ta zama cikakkiyar farfesa a 1970. 

A cikin shekara 1930s, ta kasance mai zane-zane a Mostra d'Oltremare, tana zana rumfunan da yawa. Bayan haka, ta yi aiki a kan gidaje masu zaman kansu da gidajen jama'a a Naples. Ta kasance memba na National Institute of Urban Design a shekara1945. Ta tsara Cinema na Metropolitan a Naples cikin shekara 1948. Ta yi aiki tare da masu zane-zane biyu Carlo Chiurazzi da Giorgio di Simone tun daga 1954; sun fara a matsayin mataimaka amma daga baya suka raba ofis da ita. Mafi kyawun aikin su ya haɗa da Palazzo Della Morte da Cattolica Assicurazioni skyscraper. 

## Mutuwa
Ta mutu a Naples a shekara  1988.

## Manazarta
Dolors Lamarca

**Dolors Lamarca y Morell** ( Granollers, Vallès Oriental, ranar 19 GA watan Oktoba 1943) ma'aikaciyar ɗakin karatu na Catalan ce kuma masanin ilimin falsafa . Ta jagoranci Sabis na Laburare da Tarihin Littattafai na Generalitat de Catalunya,kuma ta jagoranci ɗakin karatu na Catalonia na ƙasa.Gwauruwar Antoni Comas i Pujol,wadda ta haifi 'ya'ya mata uku tare da ita.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Lamarca yayi karatun Philology Classical a Jami'ar Barcelona,da kuma kimiyyar laburare a Makarantar Littattafai.A ranar 5 ga Nuwamba,1974,ta shiga sashen Archivers,Librarians da Archaeologists (Sashen Laburare) a Jami'ar Barcelona.

Ta jagoranci "Library and Bibliographic Heritage Service" na Generalitat de Catalunya daga Agusta 1, 1980, har zuwa Maris 2, 1983.A cikin waɗannan shekarun ta kafa tushen tsarin tsarin ɗakin karatu na Catalan na yanzu,ta daidaita ka'idodin kasida ta Cibiyar Nazarin Littafi Mai Tsarki ta Catalan da buɗe sabbin ɗakunan karatu don ba da ƙarin sabis ga jama'a.Daga baya, ta kasance darektan ɗakin karatu na Jami'ar Barcelona (1984-2000),ta cimma muhimman abubuwan da suka faru a shugaban wannan cibiyar sadarwa na ɗakunan karatu,irin su sabunta gine-gine da gine-gine, ta ƙara cikakken tsarin kwamfuta.

A ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 2004, ta zama darekta na National Library of Catalonia.,mukamin da ta rike har zuwa watan Yuni 2012.A cikin wadannan shekaru bakwai ta gudanar da wani asusu na babban littafin kima da kima da ya kunshi takardu sama da miliyan uku a nau'ikan kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban.A cikin wani zamanin da jama'ar bayanai ke da mahimmanci,ɗakin karatu ya ƙaddamar da ayyukan ƙididdiga daban-daban na asusun ajiyarsa don ba da damar yada al'adun gargajiya a matakin duniya don ɗakin karatu na Catalonia,da duk abin da aka buga a Catalonia,don haka kiyaye duk abin da ke faruwa.na abinda ke ciki a lokaci guda. A karkashin taken "bude,abin dogaro kuma mai amfani", ta sabunta BC ta hanyar siyan sabbin kayan aiki, inganta hanyoyin ciki. Karkashin jagorancinsa,an samu makudan kudade na kayan kade-kade, adabi ko na hoto. 

## Manazarta
Barbara Bielecka

**Barbara Bielecka** (an Haife ta daya ga watan 1 Janairu shekar 1931, Chełm ) ƙwararriyace  yar  ƙasar Poland ce kuma memba na Faculty of Architecture a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Gdańsk . Ta tsara Wuri Mai Tsarki na Uwargidanmu na Lichen, babban cocin Poland, yanki na shida mafi girma a duniya. An gina shi tsakanin 1994 zuwa 2004. A cikin Mayu shekara 1985, ta shiga Hukumar Tsare-tsare da Gine-gine na Birane a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Poland a Kraków.

## Basilica na Uwargidanmu na Licheń
 

## Manazarta
Marie-Françoise Plissart

**Marie-Françoise Plissart** (an Haife ta a 13 Yuli 1954) 'yar Belgium ce ta kasance  mai daukar hoto kuma mai fasahar bidiyo. 

Ta bincika tsarin littafin littafin hoto, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da ɗan wasan ban dariya Benoît Peeters a cikin ayyuka da yawa. Ana kuma san Plissart a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gine-gine. Ta lashe Zakin Zinare a 2004 Venice Biennale of Architecture don nuni "Kinshasa: a kirkirrarun birni ". 

## Littafai
* *Fugues* (tare da Benoît Peeters), editions de Minuit, 1983
* *Droit de regards* (bayan lacca na Jacques Derrida ), editions de Minuit, 1985; nouvelle edition: Les Impressions Nouvelles, 2010. (Bugu na Turanci: Haƙƙin Inspection: Monacelli Press,  )
* *Prague* (haɗin gwiwa tare da Benoît Peeters), Autrement, 1985
* *Le mauvais œil* (tare da haɗin gwiwar Benoît Peeters), editions de Minuit, 1986
* *Aujourd'hui*, editions Arboris, 1993
* *Bruxelles*, sararin sama a tsaye, editions Prisme, 1998
* *Kinshasa, récits de la ville invisible*, editions La Renaissance du Livre/Luc Pire, 2005.
* *Mons.* (tare da haɗin gwiwar Caroline Lamarche, Les Impressions Nouvelles, 2009.

## Bayyanawa
### Mutum
* Droit de gaisuwa: Vienna (Musée d'Art Moderne, Disamba 1985), Toulouse (Ombres blanches, Maris 1986), Berlin (Litteraturhaus, Oktoba 1986), Hague (Centre Culturel Français, Janairu 1987), Amsterdam (Maison Descartes, Maris 1987)
* À la recherche du roman-photo: Bruxelles (Palais des Beaux-Arts, Yuni-Yuli 1987), Rotterdam (galerie Perspektief, Satumba 1987), Liège (les Chiroux, Janairu 1989), Geneva (Saint-Gervais, Nuwamba 1989)
* Aujourd'hui, Charleroi: Charleroi, Musée de la Photographie, Oktoba 1993)
* Bruxelles brule-t-il ? Brussels (KunstenFESTIVALdesArts, Beursschouwburg, Mayu 1994)
* Martini, Martini, Bxl, Beursschouwburg: Brussels (KunstenFESTIVALdesArts, Mayu 1996)
* Labarin hoto: Jami'ar Michigan ta Gabas (Sashen Fasaha, Nuwamba 1996)
* Gine-gine na Brussel: Osaka (Gidan Duniya, Oktoba 1997)
* Bruxelles, Horizon a tsaye: Bruxelles (Le Botanique, Janairu 1999)
* Kinshasa, birni mai hasashe: Venice (Biennale of Architecture, Satumba 2004), Brussels (Bozar, Yuni–Satumba 2005), Johannesburg (Yuni 2006)
* Duniya marar ƙarewa, ma'aikacin tunani, Musée de la photographie d'Anvers (2008).

## Nassoshi
Vincent Ado Tenebe

**Vincent Ado Tenebe** (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga watan Agusta, a shekarar 1958) masanin aikin gona ne na kasar Najeriya . Shi ne tsohon mataimakin shugaban jami'ar jihar Taraba Jalingo sannan kuma tsohon shugaban jami'ar budaddiyar jami'ar Najeriya . 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Vincent Ado Tenebe a jihar Kaduna, a Nigeria, ranar 17 ga watan Agusta, a shekarar 1958.  Ya samu shaidar kammala karatunsa na firamare daga St. Patrick Primary School Maiduguri tsakanin shekaraar 1965 zuwa 1971. Ya samu takardar shedar karatunsa ta yammacin Afirka a shekarar 1976 daga Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Yerwa, Maiduguri, Najeria.  Ya yi digirinsa na farko, B.Sc. (Agric) cum laude, da digiri na biyu, M. Sc. A fannin aikin gona a Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello, Zariya; Ya yi karatun Ph.D a fannin aikin gona a Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Bauchi. 

## Sana'a
Vincent Ado Tenebe ya fara aiki a matsayin mataimakin digiri na biyu a shekarar 1984 a Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa. A 1988, an nada shi shugaban gonar jami'ar. A shekara ta 1995, ya zama shugaban sashen samar da amfanin gona na cibiyar. A shekarar 2003 ya zama Farfesa a fannin Aikin Gona a Jami’ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Afirka da ke Bauchi. 

## Sana'ar gudanarwa
Vincent ya zama mataimakin shugaban jami'ar Open University a ranar 7 ga  watan Maris, a shekarar 2008.  Ya zama mataimakin shugaba na biyu na National Open University of Nigeria,a ranar 14 ga watan Oktoba,a shekarar 2010.  A shekarar 2017 ya zama mataimakin shugaban jami'ar jihar Taraba.

## Memba da zumunci
A 1986, ya zama memba na Agriculture Society of Nigeria (ASN) 1986. Bayan shekara guda, ya zama memba na kungiyar kula da gonaki ta Najeriya. A shekarar 2002 ne, ya zama Fellow na Institute of Cost Management (FCM). A 2012, ya zama Fellow na National Institute for Education and Research (FNIER) kuma a wannan shekarar ya zama Fellow na Nigeria Society for Experimental Biology (FNISEB). Bayan shekara daya, ya zama dan kungiyar malamai ta Najeriya (FASSONT). A  shekarar 2014, ya zama Fellow na Chartered Institute of Human Capital Development of Nigeria kuma a  shekarar 2015, ya zama Fellow na Biotechnology Society of Nigeria (FBSN).

## Nassoshi
Masarautar Sarki Kothi

**Fadar Sarki Kothi** ko **Fadar Nazri Bagh** fadar sarauta ce a Hyderabad, Telangana, dake a Indiya. Ita ce fadar da tsohon mai mulkin Jihar Hyderabad, Sir Mir Osman Ali Khan, Nizam na Bakwai, ke zaune. Fada ce da mahaifinsa Mahboob Ali Pasha ya saya, wanda yake da sha'awar siyan gidaje masu ban sha'awa.

## Asali
Tun farko dai wannan babbar fada mallakin wani mai martaba ne, wanda ake kira da Kamal Khan wanda aka taƙaita rubuta sunayensa daga (Kamal Khan ) zuwa ‘KK’ an rubuta KK akan dukkan kayan ɗaki, ƙofofi, kayan abinci, tagogi, da ma kan gandayen karfe na fadar. Mahboob Ali Pasha yayi sha'awar mallakar fadar amma ƙaƙƙarfan zane-zane na baƙaƙe ya sa shi ɗan taka tsantsan. Don samarwa kansa mafita, wani mai shari'a ya fito da kyakkyawar mafita. Ya bada shawarar tunda can dama gidan ana kiransa da yaren Urdu da "*Kothi*" kuma zai iya zamowa itace fadar sarki, za'a iya sake sanya mata suna da "King Kothi" don a daidaita tsarin farko. Nizam ya ji daɗi, sai ya yi gaba ya sayi fada. Ta haka ne aka samu sunan fadar "*Sarki Kothi" (King Kothi)*.
## Tun-tale-tale (Tarihi)
Kamal Khan ne ya gina fadar, kuma ya sayar da ita ga Nizam yayin da ya bayyana yana son fadar. Nizam ya shiga fadar lokacin yana matashi wato yanada shekara 23 kacal a rayuwarsa. Bayan ɗarewarsa akan karagar mulki a shekarar 1911, ya ci gaba da zama a fadar, bai koma fadar Chowmahalla inda mahaifinsa ke yake rayuwarsa.

A cikin fadar da ke bazuwa, an ajiye kayayyaki masu tsada iri-iri a cikin kurtuttukan (mazubi, kurtu ɗaya jam'insa kuma kututtuka) ƙarfe, an kulle su da kwaɗuna waɗanda akayi a Engila. Fadar tana da manyan gine-gine guda uku, wanda aka kasu kashi biyu. Hakanan akwai babban ɗakin karatu wanda Nizam na ƙarshe yayi amfani dashi.

Ɓangaren gabas na rabin fadar, wanda yanzu ke karkashin wani asibitin gwamnatin jihar, Nizam ne ke amfani da shi don ayyukan gwamnatinsa da biki. Daga rabinta a yammaci, wanda yanzu ke da katanga, yana da manyan gine-ginen zama da aka fi sani da Nazri Bagh ko Mubarak Mansion kuma har yanzu mallakar Nizam ne mai zaman kansa.

Babban ƙofar Nazri Bagh koyaushe tana da labule da aka lulluɓe ta dashi, shiyasa aka fi sanin ta da *ƙofar purdah*. Lokacin da Nizam ya fita daga fada, akan ɗaga purdah don nuna cewa sarki baya gida. Rundanar Maisaram, ƴan sanda da sojojin Sarf-e-Khas ne ke gadin ƙofar. Nizam cigaba da zama a nan har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekarar 1967.
## Gine-ginen Fadar
Fadar tana da manya manyan ƙofofin shiga da ginshiƙai, da katakai a kan tagogi masu rufi, da ƙaton falo a ƙofar shiga.
## Manazarta
Jerin bankunan Nijar

Wannan shi ne**jerin bankunan kasuwanci a [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]]** 

* Bankin Afrika Niger
* Banque Atlantique Niger
* Banque Régionale de Solidarité Niger
* Banque Sahélo-Saharienne zuba l'Investissement et le Commerce (BSSIC)
* Ecobank Niger
* Credit du Niger
* Banque Internationale zuba l'Afrique au Niger
* Banque Commerciale du Niger
* Banque Islamique du Niger pour le Commerce et l'Investissement
* Société Nigérienne de Banque

## Duba kuma

* Jerin bankunan Afirka
* Babban bankin ƙasashen yammacin Afrika
* Tattalin arzikin Nijar

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Yanar Gizo na Babban Bankin Yammacin Afirka (Turanci)
Mufti Muhammad Sadiq

**Mufti Muhammad Sadiq** abokin Mirza Ghulam Ahmad ne kuma musulmi na farko a kasar Amurka,  ya musuluntar da Amurkawa sama da ɗari bakwai kai tsaye kuma sama da dubu a fakaice.   Manufarsa, a matsayinsa na wakilin Harkar Ahmadiyya a Musulunci, shi ne ya musuluntar da Amurkawa da kuma kawar da rashin fahimta game da shi. Wani abu da ya raba Mutfi Muhammad Sadiq da mutanen zamaninsa shi ne yarda da hadewar ƙabilanci tsakanin dukkanin ƙabilanci da ƙabilanci ba kawai Amurkawa ba.   Har ila yau, ya kasance mai mahimmanci a cikin ƙoƙarin haɗa kan baƙi musulmi daga Larabawa zuwa Bosnia don gina masallatai da yin sallar jam'i musamman a Detroit da Chicago . 

Sadiq ya shiga Amurka ba tare da wani kudi ba, sannan ya fara yada sakon Musulunci a wani yanki da ya sabawa al'adunsa na asali. Saboda haka, ya fuskanci wahalhalu, gwaji, da wahala saboda launin fatarsa da addininsa. Sadik ya kuma yi nasarar kafa jaridar Muslim mafi dadewa da wallafawa a Amurka tare da rubuta kasidu da dama kan Musulunci a cikin jaridu da jaridu daban-daban na Amurka. 

## Manazarta
Amina Helmi

**Amina Helmi** (6 shida ga watan Oktoba shekara 1970) wata ƙwararriyar tauraruwace ta Argentine kuma farfesa a Cibiyar Nazarin Astronomical KapteynJami'ar Groningen a Netherlands.  

## Ilimi
Helmi ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Leiden inda aka ba ta digirin digirgir a shekarar 2000 tare da yin nazari kan samuwar galactic halo, karkashin kulawar Tim de Zeeuw da Simon White .  

## Sana'a da bincike
Tun shekara 2003 Helmi ta kasance memba na koyarwa a Jami'ar Groningen, kuma ta kasance cikakkiyar  farfesa tun shekara 2014. A baya, ta rike mukamin digiri na biyu  Jami'ar La Plata a cikin Argentina, Cibiyar Max Planck don Astrophysics a Jamus, da Jami'ar Utrecht da ke Netherlands.

Bincikenta tana mai da hankali kan binciken juyin halitta da yanayin taurari, musamman Milky Way, ta yi amfani da wurare, saurin gudu, shekaru, da tarin sinadarai na taurari don fahimtar tsarin samar da taurari, wanda aka sani da ilimin kimiya na tarihi.   Ita kuma tana nazarin yanayin duhun al'amarin . A cikin bincikenta, Helmi tana amfani da siminti na kwamfuta da kuma bayanan lura daga misali na'urar hangen nesa ta Gaia. 

### Kyaututtuka da karramawa
A cikin shekara 2019, an nada Helmi ɗaya daga cikin masu cin nasara huɗu na Kyautar Spinoza. An ba ta lambar yabo ta zama memba na Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences a cikin shekara 2017. 

An ba ta kyautar Christiaan Huygensprize a shekara 2004  da Fasto Schmeitsprize a shekara 2010. 

Ana kiran sunan rafin Helmi kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta Kimiyyar Suffrage a cikin 2019.

A cikin shekara  2021, Helmi ta lashe lambar yabo ta Brouwer daga Sashen akan Tauraron Taurari mai ƙarfi na Ƙungiyar Astronomical ta Amurka .

## Nassoshi
Violeta G. Ivanova

} MPC
|-
| 4102 Gergana
| 15 Oktoba 1988
| MPC
|-
| 4893 Saurari
| 9 ga Agusta, 1986
|  MPC
|-
| 5950 Leukippos
| 9 ga Agusta, 1986
|  MPC
|-
| 7079 Baghdad
| 5 ga Satumba, 1986
|  MPC
|-
| 9732 Juchnovski
| 24 ga Satumba, 1984
|  MPC
|-
| 9936 Al-Biruni
| 8 ga Agusta, 1986
|  MPC
|-
| 11 852
| 10 ga Satumba, 1988
|  MPC
|-
| 11856 Nicolabonev
| 11 ga Satumba, 1988
|  MPC
|-
| 12246 Pliska
| 11 ga Satumba, 1988
| MPC
|-
| 13930 Tashko
| 12 ga Satumba, 1988
| MPC
|-
| 13498 Al Chwarizmi
| 6 ga Agusta, 1986
|  MPC
|-
| 14342 Iglika
| 23 ga Satumba, 1984
|  MPC
|-
| 22283 Pytheas
| 6 ga Agusta, 1986
|  MPC
|-
| colspan="3" style="font-size: smaller;" |
* tare da EW Elst
* V. Shkodrov
|}
**Violeta Ivanova,** (Виолета Иванова)ita 'mai ilmin taurari ta kasar Bulgaria. 

Ita tanaCibiyar Ƙaramar Duniya ta ba ta lada da gano asteroids 14 tsakanin shekara 1984 da shekara ta 1988.  Ta yi aiki a Cibiyar Nazarin Astronomy, Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Bulgaria  kuma ta yi bincikenta a Smolyan Observatory, wadda ta zama Rozhen National Observatory (a Dutsen Rozhen da ke cikin Rhodopes ) wani lokaci bayan shekara ta 2002. An sanya wa Koronian asteroid 4365 Ivanova suna bayanta a ranar ashirin da biyar 25 ga  watan Agusta shekara ta 1991 (  ).  

Ita a Wani lokaci tana sanya hannu kan **Violeta G. Ivanova** . Kada ta damu da VV Ivanova (wanda kuma ya sanya hannu VF Ivanova ), yanzu na Cibiyar Kimiyya, Jami'ar St. Petersburg, St. Petergof, Rasha, a baya tare da *Cibiyar Geokhimii i Analiticheskoi Khimii* (Vernadskii Cibiyar Geochemistry da Analytical Kimiyya), Moscow.

## Nassoshi
Julia M. Riley

**Julia M. Riley** (née Hill, an haife ta ne a  shekara ta dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da arba'in da bakwai (1947)  ƙwararriya ce Kuma  masaniyar  ilmin taurari ce ƴar kasar Biritaniya wadda ta haɓaka rarrabuwar Fanaroff–Riley .

## Bayanan sirri da na sana'a
Ita ce 'yar Philippa (wadda aka Haifa a Pass) kuma masaniyar ilimin kimiya na ruwa na Biritaniya Maurice Hill kuma jikanyar Nobel Prize - masaniyar ilimin kimiyar lissafi Archibald Vivian Hill.Riley ɗan'uwa ne na Kwalejin Girton mai alaƙa da Rukunin Astrophysics na Cavendish a Jami'ar Cambridge. Fannin bincikenta na farko shine a fannin ilimin taurarin rediyo . Riley tana karantar da laccoci kuma tana kula da ilimin kimiyyar lissafi a cikin Tripos na Kimiyyar Halitta a Jami'ar Cambridge.

## Fanaroff-Riley nau'in I da II
A cikin shekara dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da saba'in da huɗu (1974), tare da Bernard Fanaroff, ta rubuta takarda  ta rarraba taurarin radiyo zuwa nau'ikan halittar su (siffar su).  Fanaroff da Riley's rarrabuwa zama aka sani da Fanaroff–Riley type I da II na rediyo galaxies (FRI da FRII). A cikin majiyoyin FRI babban ɓangaren watsawar rediyo yana zuwa daga kusa da tsakiyar tushen, yayin da a cikin majiyoyin FRII babban ɓangaren hayaƙin tana fitowa ne daga wurare masu zafi da ke nesa da cibiyar (duba tauraron dan adam mai aiki ). 

## Nassoshi
Jennifer Wiseman

**Jennifer J. Wiseman** ita din Babban Masaniyar Kimiyyar Ayyuka akan Taswirar Sararin Samaniya na Hubble, kuma masanin falaki na Amurka, wandda aka haife ta a Gidan Mountain, Arkansas. Ta samu digirin farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi daga MIT da Ph.D. Ya karanta Astronomy daga Jami'ar Harvard a shekara 1995. Wiseman ta gano tauraro mai wutsiya mai suna 114P/Wiseman-Skiff yayin da take aiki a matsayin mataimakiya na neman digiri a cikin shekara 1987.  Wiseman babbar masaniyar ilmin taurari ce a Cibiyar Jirgin Sama ta NASA Goddard, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin Babbar Masaniyar Kimiyya na Aikin  don Telescope na Hubble . A baya ta jagoranci Laboratory for Exoplanets da Stellar Astrophysics. Ta yi nazarin yankunan taurarin taurari na taurarinmu ta amfani da rediyo, na gani, da na'urorin hangen nesa na infrared,  tare da musamman sha'awar gajimare na kwayoyin halitta, protostars, da fita . Ta jagoranci wani babban bincike wanda ya zana taswirar tauraro a cikin Kungiyar taurari Orion. 

Wiseman kuma yana sha'awar manufofin kimiyya da wayar da kan jama'a da sa hannu. Ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar'uwar kimiyar majalisa ta Kungiyar Jiki ta Amurka, zababben mashawarta na Kungiyar Astronomical Society ta Amirka da kuma shugabar tattaunawa ta jama'a na Kungiyar Amirka don Ci gaban Kimiyya .Ta ba da tattaunawa game da jin dadin ilimin taurari da binciken kimiyya, kuma ya bayyana a yawancin kimiyya da wuraren labarai ciki har da *The New York Times*, *The Washington Post*, NOVA da National Public Radio. An nuna ta kwanan nan a cikin shirin tallafin Gidauniyar John Templeton, Duniya mai Mahimmanci.

Wiseman Kirista ce kuma Abokiyar Haɗin Kan Kimiyyar na Amurka  kuma memba ce a Hukumar Gudanarwar BioLogos.  A ranar sha shida  16 ga watan Yuni, shekara 2010, an gabatar da Wiseman a matsayin ta na sabuwar darakta na shirin Kungiyar Amirka don Ci gaban Kimiyya (AAAS), Tattaunawa akan Kimiyya, Da'a, da Addini.  Ta ci gaba da aiki ga AAAS, tana magana da kungiyoyi game da imaninta akan Kiristanci da Kimiyya.

## Kyauta

* Hubble Fellow - shekara1998 
* Jansky Fellow - shekara1995  Kdid'lele

## Duba kuma

* Jerin mata masu matsayi na jagoranci akan ayyukan kayan aikin taurari

## Manazarta
FC Ogbalu

Cif **Frederick Chidozie Ogbalu** // ⓘ (1927-1990) wanda aka fi sani da **FC Ogbalu,** masanin ilimin harsunan Najeriya ne kuma malami. An fi saninsa da daidaita harshen Igbo   kuma ana kiransa "uba" na harshe da al'adun Igbo. A shekarar 1949, ya kafa kungiyar bunƙasa Harshen Igbo da Al'adun Igbo.  Ogbalu ya yi shugabancin al’umma tsawon shekaru.

Ayyukan Ogbalu sun yi tasiri sosai a harshen Igbo da al’adun Igbo. An yaba masa da taimakawa wajen daidaita harshen Igbo da kuma inganta amfani da shi. Ana kuma yaba masa da taimakawa wajen kiyaye al’adun Igbo.

Ogbalu ya rasu a shekarar 1990. Ana tunawa da shi a matsayin sa na farko a fannin nazarin harshe da al’adun Igbo.

## Manazarta
Uche Ogah

**Uchechukwu Sampson Ogah** (an haife shi 22 Disamba 1969) tsohon ƙaramin ministan ma'adinai da ƙarafa na Najeriya ne. Babban hamshaƙin ɗan kasuwa, mai saka jari kuma mai taimakon jama'a, Ogah shi ne shugaban kamfanin Master Energy Group, wani kamfani mai rassa sama da 15 a masana'antu daban-daban, daga ciki akwai Masters Energy Oil and Gas Ltd. Ogah ya na riƙe da babbar lambar girmamawa ta Najeriya, ta Jami'in Hukumar Neja (OON) da kuma ta (Commander of the Order of Niger) (CON). Tsohon shugaban ƙasa Muhammadu Buhari ne ya zaɓe shi a matsayin minista, daga bisani kuma aka naɗa shi ƙaramin ministan ma’adinai da ƙarafa a ranar Laraba, 21 ga Agusta, 2019, alokacin mulkin Buharin. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Ogah ga Cif Wilson, mai kula da sha'anin tsafta kuma ma’aikacin layi dogo, yayi ritaya daga Ezinne Pauline Ogah na Onuaku Uturu, ƙaramar hukumar Isuikwuato ta jihar Abia.

## Rayuwar iyali da aiki
Ogah ya auri Ngozi Sabina Ogah, wata mai sharhi kan harkokin kudi. Ogah ya kwashe shekaru 10 yana harkar banki. Ya fara da hidimar matasa ta kasa a NAL Bank PLC. Bayan haka, ya sami cikakken aiki a bankin (All States Trust Bank) kuma ya kwashe kimanin shekaru biyu a bankin kafin ya koma Bankin Zenith a shekarar 1997, inda ya kai matsayin Mataimakin Janar Manaja (AGM) kafin ya yi murabus a 2007.

## Tallafi
An ce ya samar da wutar lantarki a ƙauyukan Uturu, ya gina wa al’umma gidaje masu karimci, sannan ya gina babban ɗakin taro da ka iya daukar mutane 5,000 alokacin ɗaya, a jami’ar jihar Abia (ABSU) Uturu.

## Siyasa
Ogah ya tsaya takarar gwamnan jihar Abia, sau uku, na farko a ƙarƙashin jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party da kuma jam’iyyar All Progressives Congress mai mulki.

Tsohon Shugaban ƙasa Muhammadu Buhari ne ya miƙa sunan Ogah a matsayin minista a ranar 23 ga Yuli, 2019 tare da wasu mutane 42 da aka naɗa. A lokacin da yake tantance sanatoci a ranar 24 ga watan Yulin shekarar, ya bayyana tsare-tsarensa kan yadda zai yi aiki a kan matatun Najeriya da kuma tsare-tsarensa na farashin kuɗin Najeriya. Majalisar dattijai ta tabbatar da Ogah a matsayin minista a ranar 30 ga Yulin wannan shekara kuma a ranar 21 ga Agusta, 2019 aka tabbatar da kuma rantsar da shi a matsayin ƙaramin ministan ma’adinai da ƙarafa.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*hubfactoryblog.com
Kathleen Okafor

**Kathleen Ebelechukwu Okafor** farfesa ce ta Najeriya a fannin shari'ar dukiya da kasuwanci (Property and commercial law) kuma mukaddashiyar shugaban jami'ar Baze.  

## Rayuwar farko da asali
Kathleen ta samu jarrabawar O'Level a Queens School Enugu kuma ta samu LL. B a Jami'ar Nigeria, Nsukka a shekara ta 1974. Daga nan ta wuce makarantar koyon aikin lauya ta Najeriya a Legas kuma aka kira ta zuwa Bar a shekarar 1979. An daukaka ta zuwa matsayin Babbar Lauyar Najeriya a watan Satumba 2022 ta Lauyoyin Najeriya.  

Ta samu LL. M digiri daga Jami'ar College London a shekara ta 1981 da kuma PhD daga Jami'ar Legas a shekara ta 2000.  

## Sana'a
Kathleen Okafor ta yi aiki a takaice a cikin Lateef Adegbite & Co Chambers. Ta kasance mai ba da shawara ta biyu tare da Shell Petroleum daga can ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan harkokin shari'a kuma sakatariyar kamfani na Kamfanin wallafawa da Ma'adinan Tsaro na Najeriya (Nigerian Security Printing and Minting Plc.). 

A wani bangare na ayyukanta na jagoranci, ta kasance Dean, Faculty of Law Baze University kuma shugabar kwamitin kula da harkokin shari'a.

Majalisar gudanarwa ta Jami’ar Baze ta naɗa ta a matsayin mukaddashiyar mataimakiyar shugaban jami’ar a watan Agusta 2023 bayan naɗin tsohon mataimakin shugaban jami’ar, Farfesa Tahir Mamman a matsayin ministar ilimi da shugaba Bola Ahmed Tinubu ya yi.  

## Manazarta
James Ogbonna

Farfesa **James Chukwuma Ogbonna** masanin ilimin Najeriya ne. Shi ne a halin yanzu kuma majagaba mataimakin shugaban jami'ar jihar ta likitanci da ayyuka a jihar Enugu. Ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Ilimi  a Jami'ar Najeriya karkashin Benjamin Chukwuma Ozumba daga shekarun 2014 zuwa 2019.

Ya yi digirin farko na Kimiyya a Jami’ar Jos, da digiri na biyu a Jami’ar Yamanashi da PhD a Jami’ar Tsukuba. A watan Fabrairun 2021, Jakadan kasar Japan a Najeriya, Mista Kikuta Yutaka ya karrama shi da sauran jama’a saboda gudunmuwar da suka bayar ga dangantakar Japan da Najeriya da ci gaban al’adu.   

A halin yanzu yana da wallafe-wallafen 183 akan ResearchGate. 

## Manazarta
Kuda Bank

**Kuda**, wanda aka fi sani da **Kuda Technologies**, kamfani ne na fintech da ke aiki a Najeriya, da Birtaniya. Babs Ogundeyi da Musty Mustapha ne suka kafa bankin a shekarar 2019.  

## Tarihi
Da farkon fari, an fara shi a matsayin Kudimoney ko "bankin kyauta", dandamalin aro da ajiyar kudi ta yanar gizo kaɗai. Tun daga lokacin an yi wasu sauye-sauye na kuɗaɗen don canzawa zuwa bankin neobank na farko a Najeriya a yanzu.

Sunan bankin Kuda, na cikin jerin sunayen bankuna a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin farkon fasahar WEF na Afirka na shekarar 2021.

Bankin Kuda yana da darajar tsabar kuɗi, har dala miliyan 500 kuma ya tara sama da dala miliyan 90 daga masu saka hannun jari ciki har da Target Global da Valar Ventures.

## Duba kuma

* Tattalin arzikin Najeriya
* Jerin bankunan Najeriya

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
* Shafin na Musamman
Chris Ogbechie

**Chris Ogbechie** (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Afrilu 1950) ɗan Najeriya ne kuma malami wanda ya kasance shugaban Makarantar Kasuwancin Legas (Lagos Business School) tun a shekarar 2021.  Har ila yau farfesa ne a fannin Gudanar da Dabaru a Makarantar Kasuwancin Legas kuma Farfesa mai ziyara a Makarantar Kasuwancin Strathmore da ke Nairobi, Kenya da Jami'ar Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda.   Ogbechie marubuci ne kuma ya wallafa mujallu da tarukan ƙasa da ƙasa.  Bukatun bincikensa sun kasance a cikin tallace-tallace, dabaru, gudanar da kamfanoni da alhakin zamantakewa. 

## Ilimi

Ogechie ya samu lambar yabo ta farko a injiniyan injiniya daga Jami'ar Manchester da MBA daga Makarantar Kasuwancin Manchester.  Ya samu Digiri na uku a fannin Kasuwanci da gudanarwa ya samu ne a Makarantar Kasuwancin Brunel da ke Burtaniya.  

## Sana'a
Ogbechie ya yi aiki a kamfanoni da yawa a Najeriya a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga kamfanoni.  A matsayinsa na mamba, ya yi aiki a bankin Diamond Plc (Yanzu Access Bank plc ), Red Star Express Plc (FedEx), National Salt Company of Nigeria Plc (NASCON), Health Partners Ltd, Hubmarts Stores Ltd, da Palton Morgan Holdings.   A da, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban tallace-tallace da tallace-tallace a Nestle Nigeria, kuma shi ne wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Dorewa ta Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Legas.  

Ogechie ya shiga hukumar kula da makarantun kasuwanci ta Legas a watan Maris ɗin a shekara ta 2012 bayan ya shafe shekaru sama da 20 yana alaka da kungiyar.  Ya yi aiki a hukumar gudanarwa na tsawon shekaru takwas sannan a matsayin mataimakin shugaba na tsawon watanni hudu.  Ya gaji Farfesa Enase Okonedo, farfesa na gudanarwa, a matsayin shugaban gudanarwa a farkon watan Janairu 2021. 

## Wallafe-wallafe
Ya rubuta muƙaloli kan tallace-tallace, tsare-tsaren dabaru, alhakin zamantakewar jama'a, da gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci. Littafinsa na farko *Strategic Marketing of Financial Services in Nigeria* (2011) ya ba da muhimman bayanai ga masu sana’ar tallata, musamman a fannin ayyukan kuɗi, don inganta ingantaccen tallace tallacen su.  Littafinsa na biyu *Re-engineering the Nigerian Society through Social Marketing* (2012) shi ne gudunmawar da ya bayar wajen sauya dabi'un al'umma ta hanya mai kyau. 

## Manazarta