Kemal Derviş

**Kemal Derviş** (Turkish pronunciation: [keˈmal tɾviʃ]; 10 ga Janairun 1949 - 8 ga Mayu 2023) masanin tattalin arziki ne kuma ɗan siyasan Turkiyya wanda ya kasance shugaban Shirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya . Gwamnatin Japan ta girmama shi saboda "ba da gudummawa ga inganta manufofin taimakon ci gaban Japan ta hanyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya". A shekara ta 2005, ya kasance na 67 a cikin Top 100 Public Intellectuals Poll da mujallu na Prospect da Foreign Policy suka gudanar. Ya kasance mataimakin shugaban kasa kuma darektan shirin tattalin arziki da ci gaba na duniya a Cibiyar Brookings kuma farfesa na ɗan lokaci na tattalin arzikin duniya a Ciantar Nazarin Kasa da Kasa da Ci Gaban a Geneva . 

A watan Maris na shekara ta 2015, Derviş ya amince ya zama Mataimakin Firayim Minista na Turkiyya wanda ke da alhakin tattalin arziki a cikin majalisar ministocin da shugaban jam'iyyar Republican People's Party (CHP) Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu ke jagoranta idan jam'iyyarsa ta kafa gwamnati bayan babban zabe da za a gudanar a watan Yuni. Ya ki zama memba na Majalisar dokoki duk da haka, yana mai bayyana cewa zai fi so ya shiga cikin majalisar daga waje.

## Rayuwa ta farko da aiki
An haifi Kemal Derviş a ranar 10 ga watan Janairun 1949 a Istanbul, Turkiyya, ga mahaifin Albanian da Georgian da mahaifiyar Jamus. Daga gefen mahaifinsa, shi zuriyar Ottoman Grand Vizier Halil Hamid Pasha ne (1736-1785); da kuma likita soja na Ottoman Asaf Derviş Pasha (1868-1928) wanda ake la'akari da shi a matsayin wanda ya kafa ilimin mata na zamani a Turkiyya.

Derviş ya kammala karatunsa na farko a Institut Le Rosey . Daga baya ya sami digiri na farko (1968) da kuma digiri na biyu (1970) a fannin tattalin arziki daga Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London . Ya sami Ph.D. a fannin tattalin arziki daga Jami'ar Princeton a 1973 bayan kammala karatun digirin digirinsa mai taken "Sudition, employment and intertemporal balancing in a non-linear multi-sector planning model for Turkey. "  Daga 1973 zuwa 1976, ya kasance memba na bangaren tattalin arziki na Jami'ar Fasaha ta Gabas ta Tsakiya a Ankara, Turkiyya, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Bülent Ecevit a lokacin da kuma bayan aikin Firayim Minista. Daga 1976 zuwa 1978, ya kasance memba na bangaren koyarwa, Sashen Tattalin Arziki a Jami'ar Princeton . 

A shekara ta 1977, ya shiga Bankin Duniya, inda ya yi aiki har sai da ya koma Turkiyya a shekara ta 2001. A Bankin Duniya, ya rike mukamai daban-daban, ciki har da shugaban sashen masana'antu da dabarun kasuwanci da kuma darektan Sashen Turai ta Tsakiya bayan faduwar Ginin Berlin. A shekara ta 1996, ya zama mataimakin shugaban Bankin Duniya na Gabas ta Tsakiya da Yankin Arewacin Afirka, kuma a shekara ta 2000, mataimakin Shugaban Rage Talauci da Gudanar da Tattalin Arziki.

## Ayyukan siyasa
Derviş ya hau mulki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Tattalin Arziki a Turkiyya a ranar 13 ga Maris 2001, lokacin da Bülent Ecevit ya kasance Firayim Minista.  An yaba wa Derviş da kasancewa mai tsara tsarin dawo da tattalin arziki na shekaru uku na Turkiyya wanda aka ƙaddamar a wannan shekarar. Yanayin kiwon lafiya na dattijo Bülent Ecevit, Firayim Minista kuma shugaban jam'iyyar ya haifar da jita-jita cewa Mataimakin Firayim Ministansa da Ministan Jiha, Hüsamettin Özkan, yana shirin maye gurbinsa. A sakamakon haka, an tilasta Özkan ya yi murabus, wanda ya sa kusan rabin 'Yan majalisa na DSP su bi shi, gami da İsmail Cem MinMinistan Harkokin Waje] Özkan, ZekZeki Eker da Kemal Derviş, MinMinistan Jiha wanda ke kula da tattalin arziki suka yanke shawarar kafa sabuwar jam'iyyar dimokuradiyya. İsmail Cem ya zama shugaban Jam'iyyar New Turkey (YTP).[3][4]

Koyaya, jam'iyyar ta nuna alamun rauni na ƙungiya. Bugu da ƙari, Derviş ya canza ra'ayinsa kuma ya shiga Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Republican (CHP) a maimakon haka. A sakamakon haka, YTP ta yi mummunan aiki a Babban zaben 2002 (ta karɓi kashi 1.2% kawai na kuri'un da suka cancanta)  kuma a cikin Zaben kananan hukumomi na 2004.  A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2004, an hade YTP cikin JaJam'iyyar Jama'ar Republican). Kafin a nada shi ya zama shugaban ShShirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya), ya kasance memba na maMajalisar dokokin Turkiyya memba na kwamitin hadin gwiwa na Majalisar Dokokin Turkiyya da Turai. Ya kasance memba na YaYarjejeniyar kan Makomar Turai [4 memba na Kungiyar Ba da Shawara a CiCibiyar Ci gaban Duniya memba na Task Force on Global Public Goods da Hukumar Musamman a kan Balkans kuma tana da alaƙa da Taron Tattalin Arziki da Manufofin Kasashen Waje a IsIstanbul ta taimaka wajen ƙarfafa yiwuwar Turkiyya na fara tattaunawar zama memba tare da Tarayyar Turai. [5]

Strobe Talbott ya sanar da cewa Derviş ya shiga Brookings Institution a ranar 30 ga Maris 2009 a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa da darektan shirin Tattalin Arziki da Ci Gaban Duniya.

A ranar 10 ga Yuni 2020, ya wallafa wani labarin Project Syndicate mai taken "Less Globalization, More Multilateralism. "  Derviş ya kasance mai ba da gudummawa na yau da kullun ga Project Syndicue daga 2003 zuwa 2023.

## Ma'aikatar Harkokin Tattalin Arziki
Lokacin da Derviş ya zama ministan harkokin tattalin arziki na Turkiyya a watan Maris na shekara ta 2001, bayan aiki na shekaru 22 a Bankin Duniya, kasar tana fuskantar mummunar matsalar tattalin arziki a tarihin zamani kuma ba a tabbatar da yiwuwar samun nasara ba. Derviş ya yi amfani da 'yancin kansa daga abubuwan da ke cikin gida da kuma goyon bayan masu gyara na cikin gida da jama'a don turawa ta hanyar shirin daidaitawa tare da canje-canje na tsari da sake fasalin banki waɗanda suka kare bankunan jihohi daga amfani da siyasa. Derviş ya kuma karfafa 'yancin kai na babban bankin kuma ya fara gyare-gyare masu zurfi a aikin gona, makamashi da tsarin kasafin kuɗi. Wadannan gyare-gyare, da sunansa da manyan lambobin sadarwa a Amurka da Turai, an ce sun taimaka masa ya tara dala biliyan 20 a cikin sabbin rance daga Asusun Kuɗi na Duniya da Bankin Duniya. Ci gaban tattalin arziki da sauri ya sake dawowa a shekara ta 2002 kuma hauhawar farashi ya sauka daga matsakaicin kusan kashi 70 cikin 100 a cikin shekarun 1990 zuwa kashi 12 cikin 100 a 2003; farashin riba ya fadi kuma farashin musayar Lira ta Turkiyya ya daidaita.

Derviş ya yi murabus daga mukamin minista a ranar 10 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2002 kuma an zabe shi a majalisa a ranar 3 ga watan Nuwamba na wannan shekarar a matsayin memba na babban jam'iyyar adawa ta Republican People's Party . 

## Shirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya
A ranar 5 ga Mayu 2005, Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, wanda ke wakiltar kasashe 191, ya tabbatar da Kemal Derviş a matsayin Mai Gudanar da Shirin Ci gaban Majalisar Dinkinobho, wanda kuma shine shugaban Kungiyar Ci gaban Majalisar Dattawa.  Derviş ya fara wa'adinsa na shekaru hudu a ranar 15 ga watan Agusta 2005. Mai gudanarwa na UNDP shine jami'in na uku mafi girma a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, bayan Sakatare Janar da Mataimakin Sakatare Janar.

A shekara ta 2009, Derviş ya yanke shawarar kada ya nemi wa'adi na biyu a matsayin Mai Gudanar da UNDP.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Kemal Derviş ya yi magana da Turkiyya, Jamusanci, Turanci da Faransanci sosai. Ya auri Catherine Derviş, 'yar ƙasar Amurka.

A cewar rahotanni na manema labarai, lokacin da yake har yanzu ba shi da aure kuma yana aiki a Bankin Duniya, Derviş yana da wani al'amari tare da wata mace mai aure (ba a bayyana sunanta ba) wanda daga baya ya fara aiki a IMF. Wannan ya yi hasashen kafofin watsa labarai a matsayin yiwuwar dalilin da ya sa Derviş, duk da cewa mutane da yawa suna ganinsa a matsayin mutumin da ya dace da aikin, ya yanke shawarar kada ya zama dan takara don ya gaji Dominique Strauss-Kahn a matsayin manajan darektan IMF na gaba, matsayin da Christine Lagarde ta dauka.

Kemal Derviş ya mutu a Washington, DC, a ranar 8 ga Mayu 2023, yana da shekaru 74 . 

## Daraja

* Order of the Rising Sun, Grand Cordon (Japan), 2009.&nbsp;&nbsp;
* Order of Civil Merit, Grand Cross (Spain), 2011. &nbsp;&nbsp;

### MANAZARTA