2021 hare-haren Cabo Delgado

Daga Yuli zuwa Nuwamba 2021, Dakarun Tsaro na Mozambique (FADM) da Rundunar Tsaro ta Rwanda (RDF), da mayaka daga jihohin Kudancin Afirka (SADC), sun kai farmaki a lardin Cabo Delgado, Mozambique, kan 'yan tawayen gida masu biyayya ga Lardin Islama ta Tsakiyar Afirka (IS-CAP). Harin na farko ya yi nasarar kwato muhimmin garin Mocímboa da Praia wanda a baya ya fada hannun 'yan tawaye sakamakon rikicin na Cabo Delgado .

## Tarihi
Rikicin a Lardin Cabo Delgado ya fara ne a shekarar 2017 lokacin da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi suka dauki makamai. Duk da wadatar yankin a cikin albarkatun kasa, gwamnatin tsakiya ta Mozambican ta yi watsi da ita kuma ta ware ta. 'Yan tawayen sun kasance daga ƙungiyar Islama da aka sani da sunaye daban-daban, wanda ake kira al-Shabaab. Gwamnatin Mozambik ba ta kula da rikicin ba, kuma Sojojin Tsaro na Mozambique (FADM) ba su iya murkushe tawaye ba. Daga 2018, akwai alamun da ke ƙaruwa cewa 'yan tawaye na cikin gida sun fara daidaitawa da Jihar Musulunci (IS). Kungiyar da reshen yankin, IS-CAP, daga ƙarshe sun fara bayyana masu tayar da kayar baya na Cabo Delgado a matsayin mabiyan su. A cikin 2020, 'yan tawaye sun sami damar fadada tasirin su sosai, har ma da kama muhimmin gari na Mocímboa da Praia a cikin Babban hari. A farkon 2021, masu tayar da kayar baya sun rage ayyukansu a fannin ƙasa, kuma a maimakon haka sun mai da hankali kan yankunan da aka kare sosai waɗanda har yanzu gwamnati ke sarrafawa a cikin manyan yankunan masu tayarwar. Mafi mahimmanci, 'yan tawaye sun kai hari kuma sun lalata garin Palma daga Maris zuwa Afrilu 2021. A tsakiyar shekara ta 2021, an kashe kusan mutane 3,000 kuma an kori fararen hula 800,000 sakamakon tawaye. Ci gaban tashin hankali ya haifar da 'yan bindiga masu kare kansu, da yawa daga cikinsu tsoffin sojoji na FADM da tsoffin mayakan yakin basasa ne suka kafa su. Kodayake waɗannan kungiyoyin suna da'awar suna adawa da 'yan tawaye, kuma an san su da masu gwagwarmaya masu inganci, ana zargin wasu' yan bindiga da aikata laifuka da kuma hadin kai tare da masu tayar da kayar baya. An kuma san 'yan bindiga da kashewa da azabtar da' yan tawaye da aka kama.

A ranar 9 ga watan Yulin 2021,  Rwanda ta aika da ma'aikata 1,000 (sojoji 700, 'yan sanda 300) don taimakawa gwamnatin Mozambican a kan 'yan tawaye.  Maj. Janar Innocent Kabandana ne ke jagorantar rundunar, tsohon kwamandan sojoji na musamman kuma tsohon soja na Yaƙin basasar Rwanda. Sojojin Tsaro na Rwanda (RDF) an san su da kasancewa masu horar da su da kyau. Jihohin Kudancin Afirka (SADC) suma sun aika da raka'a, yayin da wasu jihohin kasashen waje kamar Portugal suka fara ayyukan tallafi.   SADC ta tara abin da ake kira "Standby Force Mission in Mozambique" (SAMIM)  wanda Manjo Janar Xolani Mankayi na Afirka ta Kudu ya umarce shi,  tsohon soja na Sojojin Tsaro na Afirka ta Kudancin a Yaƙin basasar Burundi. Koyaya, rundunar SADC ta farko ta kunshi sojoji 738 da masana farar hula 19, suna iyakance ikon su na aiki da samar da ingantaccen taimakon soja ga Mozambique. Yayin da sojojin kasa da kasa suka kara shiga cikin tayar da kayar baya na Cabo Delago, IS a lokaci guda ya kara yawan ikirarin hare-hare a Mozambique.

## Hare-haren

### Yakin farko
Ba da daɗewa ba bayan isowarsu, 'yan Rwandan sun kaddamar da hari tare da FADM. A lokaci guda da wannan hari, Tanzania ta karfafa tsaron kan iyakarta, tare da 'yan sanda na Tanzania suna gudanar da ayyuka don kama' yan tawaye da ke janyewa a Gundumar Kibiti. Sojojin FADM-RDF suna samun goyon baya mai yawa daga 'yan bindiga na gida. Rwandan sun fara mayar da hankali kan gundumomin Palma, Nangade, da Mueda, suka ci gaba zuwa Muidumbe, kuma a ƙarshe suka fara ci gaba zuwa Gundumar Mocímboa da Praia  wanda arewacinsa ya zama babban yankin. Sojojin da RDF ke jagoranta sun fara kai hari guda biyu da nufin sake dawo da Mocímboa da Praia, tare da karfi daya da ke ci gaba daga Palma tare da bakin teku, yayin da ɗayan ya tashi daga kudu maso yamma  ta amfani da hanyar N380. 

Rwandan da sauri sun karya tsaron 'yan tawaye a cikin hanyar N380 kuma sun kwace muhimmin garin Diaca. Daga 24 ga Yuli zuwa akalla 28 ga Yuli, IS-CAP da sojojin da ke goyon bayan gwamnati sun yi fada a Awasse; IS ta yi iƙirarin cewa sojojin ta sun yi tsaron tsananin tsaro kuma sun kashe sojoji da yawa masu goyon bayan gwamnati. Daga baya aka tabbatar da cewa mutanen Rwandan sun sha wahala da yawa a lokacin yakin Awasse. Hakanan, RDF ta yi iƙirarin kashe 'yan tawaye da yawa. Daga baya, sojojin hadin gwiwa na Rwanda da Mozambique da 'yan bindiga masu haɗin gwiwa  sun kama muhimmiyar sasantawa bayan sojojin Awasse sun koma Mocímboa da Praia.   Wadannan nasarorin an danganta su ne ga ikon mutanen Rwandan na amsawa da sauri da ƙwarewa ga maimaita kwanton bauna a kan hanyoyi. A ranar 27 ga watan Yuli, 'yan tawaye sun mamaye ƙauyen Chacamba, inda suka kashe kuma suka sace fararen hula da yawa.

Daga 28 zuwa 30 ga Yuli, masu tayar da kayar baya sun yi yaƙi da jami'an tsaro da 'yan bindiga a Chai, Gundumar Macomia, yayin da' yan tawaye suka kai hari kan barikin sojojin yankin. A ranar 30 ga watan Yulin, RDF da FADM sun yi fada da masu tayar da kayar baya a Nova Familia, Gundumar Nangade, inda aka ji wa 'yan Rwandan uku rauni kuma aka kashe' yan tawaye 13. 'yan tawaye sun gudu, sun mamaye wani kauye da ke kusa da su kafin su tsere cikin daji. A halin yanzu, IS ta yi ikirarin cewa sojojin ta sun mamaye ƙauyuka a Cabo Delgado a cikin watan Yuli, an ruwaito cewa sun kashe 'yan bindiga da yawa. Wadannan hare-haren galibi sun faru ne a yankunan da ke waje da yankin harin, yana nuna cewa IS na ƙoƙarin janye hankali daga tsaron da ya gaza a Gundumar Mocímboa da Praia . 

Sojojin Rwanda da Mozambican da kuma 'yan bindiga  sun koma N380, kuma sun sami damar shiga yammacin Mocímboa da Praia a ranar 1 ga watan Agusta. Yakin ya kara tsanantawa a washegari, yayin da Sojojin Ruwa na Mozambican suka gudanar da saukowar sojojin FADM da RDF tare da goyon bayan jirgin sama na Mozambikan. Yaƙin ya wuce a cikin dare mai zuwa. Sojojin da ke goyon bayan gwamnati sun ci gaba da kai hari a ranar 3 ga watan Agusta, kuma sun sami damar fitar da 'yan tawaye daga sulhu bayan rikici mai tsanani. Duk da tsayayya mai yawa, duk da haka, masu tayar da kayar baya sun bayyana sun ajiye albarkatun su, suna aiki a cikin ƙananan kungiyoyi da kuma amfani da dabarun bugawa da gudu maimakon ƙoƙarin dakatar da ci gaban gwamnati. A halin yanzu, ginshiƙan hadin gwiwa na FADM-RDF sun ci gaba da ci gaba a cikin hanyar N380 da kuma kudu a cikin Gundumar Mocímboa da Praia, yayin da jirage masu saukar ungulu na FADm suka kai hari ga masu tayar da kayar baya a ƙauyen Quelimane da bakin Kogin Messalo. An kuma bayar da rahoton fada a Awasse, Chinda, da Mbau. A ranar 4 ga watan Agusta, sojojin da ke goyon bayan gwamnati sun karɓi ƙananan ayyukan sharewa a Mocímboa da Praia. A cikin kwanaki masu zuwa, 'yan tawaye sun kai hare-hare da yawa a kan Mocímboa da Praia, kuma sun mamaye ƙauyukan Mandimba, Chacamba, Nune, da Quissama a cikin Gundumar Nangade.

A ranar 8 ga watan Agusta, mai magana da yawun sojojin Rwanda Ronald Rwivanga ya bayyana cewa RDF da FADM sun sake karbar Mocímboa da Praia daga masu tayar da kayar baya. FADM daga baya ta yi iƙirarin cewa an kashe akalla 'yan tawaye 33 a cikin fada a garin, kuma an kama manyan kwamandojin masu tayar da kayar baya ba tare da bayar da shaidar waɗannan maganganun ba. An bar garin ba tare da yawan jama'a ba kuma an lalata shi sosai. Sojojin da ke goyon bayan gwamnati sun fara tabbatar da yankin da ke kewaye da garin, yayin da suke shirin ci gaba da turawa kudu. A ranar 10 ga watan Agusta, jirage masu saukar ungulu na FADM sun kashe fararen hula biyu. Sojojin tsaro sun fara gina sabuwar gada a fadin Kogin Messalo washegari, da niyyar amfani da shi don ayyukan hari na gaba.

### Harin na biyu
Bayan tabbatar da Mocímboa da Praia, hadin gwiwar Rwandan da Mozambican sun kaddamar da wani hari a kudancin garin. Wannan aikin da farko ya mayar da hankali ne a kudancin Gundumar Mocímboa da Praia, amma kuma ya zama kamar ya faɗaɗa zuwa gundumomin Macomia kuma mai yiwuwa Quissanga. Jihohin SADC sun kuma fara taimakawa harin, tare da sojojin SAMIM sun shiga cikin ayyukan yaƙi a karon farko.

A ranar 14 ga watan Agusta, jami'an tsaro na iya yin rikici da 'yan tawaye a Mbau, Mangoma, da Ntotwe. A wannan rana, an ruwaito cewa sojojin Tanzaniya da Batswana sun yi yaƙi da 'yan tawaye a Chicuaia Velha, Gundumar Nangade .  A ranar 18 ga watan Agusta sojojin gwamnati sun sake kama Marere a kudancin Mocimboa da Praia .  A ranar 20 ga watan Agusta sojojin gwamnati sun kama Mbau, inda suka kashe 'yan ta'adda 11. Mbau ya yi aiki a matsayin "hedikwatar soja da ruhaniya" ta 'yan tawaye; RDF daga baya ta ba da rahoton cewa masu tayar da kayar baya sun gina bunkers a can. A wannan rana, an ruwaito cewa 'yan tawaye sun yi kwanton bauna da sojojin SAMIM a Naquitengue, kusa da Mbau, kuma sun kai hari ga RDF a Naquatengue, wanda aka ruwaito ya haifar da mutuwar' yan tawaye 12. Kwanaki uku bayan haka, sojojin Rwanda sun kama wani sansanin 'yan tawaye da ake kira "Ubaua" a Gundumar Quissanga; an riga an watsar da sansanin, saboda ba a bayar da rahoton fada ba. A wannan rana, wani soja na FADM ya kashe wani farar hula a Chitunda ba tare da an hukunta shi ba, wanda ya haifar da mazauna yankin da ke gunaguni game da aikin soja ba tare da hukunci ba. A ranar 24 ga watan Agusta, 'yan tawaye sun kashe masunta goma a Mucojo, Gundumar Macomia. Kwanaki biyu bayan haka, FADM ta dakatar da jirgin ruwa wanda mai yiwuwa yana safarar kayan abinci ga 'yan tawaye daga Gundumar Mocimboa da Praia. Wata ƙungiyar hadin gwiwa ta FADM-RDF ta kama wani sansanin 'yan tawaye kusa da Ntchinga, Gundumar Muidumbe, a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta. A ranar 28 ga watan Agusta, an ruwaito cewa sojojin SAMIM sun kai hari wani matsayi na masu tayar da kayar baya a Kogin Muera, inda suka kama kayan aiki da takardu.

A ranar 1 ga Satumba, RDF da 'yan tawaye sun yi yaƙi a kwarin Kogin Messalo, tare da mutanen Rwandan da ke da'awar sun yi asarar nauyi ga abokan adawarsu. 'Yan tawaye sun kai hari a gundumar Mocímboa da Praia a ranar 3 ga watan Satumba, suna da niyyar garin Mocímboa Da Praia da yankin da ke kusa da Kogin Muera. An bayar da rahoton cewa an kaddamar da hare-haren da aka kai wa garin daga arewa da yamma, wanda ke nuna cewa har yanzu masu tayar da kayar baya suna cikin adadi mai yawa a gundumomin Palma da Nangade. A halin yanzu, sojojin SAMIM na asalin Tanzanian da Basotho sun fara turawa zuwa Nangade. Bugu da kari, jami'an tsaro sun fara sake saukar da fararen hula da suka rasa muhallinsu a Palma  wanda galibi an bar shi tun farkon 2021.  A tsakiyar watan Satumba, an ruwaito cewa sojojin da ke goyon bayan gwamnati suna ƙoƙarin kawar da sansanin 'yan tawaye da aka sani da "Siri 1" a kudancin Gundumar Mocímboa da Praia, kuma har yanzu ana ba da rahoton fada mai tsanani a kwarin Kogin Messalo. A ranar 12 ga watan Satumba, masu tayar da kayar baya sun yi wa wani jirgin ruwa na Rwanda kwanton bauna tsakanin Mbau da Indegue, Gundumar Mocímboa da Praia, tare da ma'adinai. Har ila yau, sojojin SAMIM sun fara turawa a Lardin Niassa; ana zargin kungiyoyin masu tayar da kayar baya sun koma baya ko kuma sun koma Niassa. Sauran ƙungiyoyin 'yan tawaye suna motsawa zuwa kudu, nesa da yankin yaƙi na Kogin Messalo. Wadannan kungiyoyi sun koma Quissanga da Gundumar Macomia, inda 'yan tawaye suka fara jerin hare-hare a kauyuka na gida, inda suka kashe fararen hula da yawa. SAMIM ta yi iƙirarin cewa ta kama "Shaifin Sheikh Ibrahim" a arewacin Gundumar Macomia daga 'yan tawaye a ranar 14 ga Satumba. 

A ranar 20 ga watan Satumba, 'yan tawaye sun kaddamar da hari a Tanzania, inda suka yi niyya ga karamin kauyen Kagera, Mtwara Rural, inda suka sace, suka sace kuma suka kashe fararen hula. Kwanaki biyu bayan haka, sojoji na SAMIM sun kai hari kan sansanin 'yan tawaye kusa da Quiterajo, Gundumar Macomia, inda suka kashe' yan bindiga biyar kuma suka saki fararen hula 87 da aka sace. A ranar 23 ga watan Satumba, 'yan tawaye sun kaddamar da hare-hare a kan hanyar N380, suna kwanton bauna da sojoji na Mozambican kusa da Namoja, Gundumar Quissanga, da kuma mamaye garuruwan Lindi, Songueia, da Quissanga II. Fararen hula na yankin sun yi iƙirarin cewa 'yan sanda da' yan bindiga ne suka gudanar da waɗannan hare-haren, kodayake ba su ba da wata hujja ga zargin da suka yi ba. 'Yan tawaye sun kuma kai hari Tapara, arewacin gundumar Quissanga, a wannan rana.

A ranar 24 ga watan Satumba, SAMIM ta ba da rahoton cewa dakarunta sun lalata sansanin 'yan tawaye kusa da Chitama, kudu maso gabashin gundumar Nangade, inda suka kashe masu tayar da kayar baya 17. Sojojin da ke goyon bayan gwamnati sun sha wahala sau biyu a lokacin aikin, tare da soja daya na Tanzania da aka kashe kuma soja daya na Basotho ya ji rauni. A halin yanzu, RDF da FADM sun yi iƙirarin cewa sun kama sansanonin "Siri I" da "Siri II" da ƙauyuka da yawa daga 'yan tawaye. A ranar 25 ga watan Satumba, an ruwaito cewa sojojin da ke goyon bayan gwamnati sun mamaye wani sansanin 'yan tawaye a Chitama, inda suka kashe' yan tawaye da yawa ciki har da kwamandan mai suna Rajab Awadhi Danieli  wanda ya jagoranci sojojin' yan ta'adda da ke aiki a Gundumar Nangade kuma wanda ya kafa tawaye.  A ƙarshen watan Satumba, 'yan Rwandan sun ba da taron manema labarai a Mbau, suna mai da'awar cewa an kori masu tayar da kayar baya daga wuraren aiki na RDF. A cewar *Cable Ligado*, maganganun da suka yi yadda ya kamata sun wuce alhakin yaki da sauran 'yan tawaye a kudancin Kogin Messalo zuwa SAMIM da FADM.

### Ci gaba da ayyukan gwamnati
Daga ƙarshen Satumba zuwa farkon Oktoba, 'yan tawaye sun ci gaba da kai hare-hare kan fararen hula a Mueda, Nangade, da Palma, suna kashewa da sace fararen hula da yawa,   yayin da rahotanni da yawa suka fito bisa ga abin da' yan bindiga masu goyon bayan gwamnati da jami'an tsaro na Mozambican ke cin zarafin fararen hula kuma suna kashe fursunoni. A ranar 1 ga Oktoba, FADM da masu tayar da kayar baya sun yi yaƙi a Miangalewa . Kwanaki biyar bayan haka, sojojin da ke goyon bayan gwamnati sun yi wa masu tayar da kayar baya kwanton bauna a Limala, kudancin gundumar Mocimboa da Praia, inda suka kashe wani shugaban 'yan tawaye da ake kira "Muhamudu". A ranar 13 ga Oktoba, SAMIM ta ci gaba da ayyukanta na kai farmaki, ta saki fararen hula 47 da aka sace a Bilibiza da Namuluco, Gundumar Quissanga . 

A ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 'yan tawaye sun sake kai hari a Tanzania, inda suka yi niyya ga kauyen Kilimahewa, Gundumar Tandahimba. Sun ƙone wani ɗakin ajiya kuma sun kama fararen hula da yawa, kodayake rundunar TPDF ta isa cikin lokaci don ceto masu garkuwa. A sauran watan, masu tayar da kayar baya sun kai hari ga fararen hula a Gundumar Macomia. Kwanaki hudu bayan haka, an ruwaito cewa SAMIM ta lalata sansanonin 'yan tawaye guda uku a arewacin Gundumar Macomia, inda ta ceci fararen hula 13 da aka sace. Wadanda suka tsira sun gudu zuwa arewacin Kogin Messalo. Sojojin RDF-FADM na hadin gwiwa sun mamaye sansanin 'yan tawaye na musamman a Naquitengue, kusa da Mbau, a ranar 27 ko 29 ga Oktoba, an ruwaito cewa sun kashe' yan ta'adda 20 da kuma kama motoci da makamai. Kusan a lokaci guda, SAMIM ta kashe 'yan tawaye 5 a lokacin rikici a Gundumar Quissanga .  Daga 1 zuwa 10 ga Nuwamba, SADC ta gudanar da karamin hari a gabashin Gundumar Muidumbe; an ruwaito cewa aikin ya yi nasarar lalata wasu sansanonin 'yan tawaye. A ranar 6-7 ga Nuwamba, 'yan tawaye biyar sun mika wuya ga sojojin da ke goyon bayan gwamnati a Macomia da Gundumar Muidumbe. Wannan ya kasance mai ban mamaki, yayin da masu tayar da kayar baya ke azabtar da duk wani fice, yayin da sojojin gwamnati galibi ke kashewa ko azabtar da kowane 'yan tawaye da aka kama; a cewar masu binciken *Cable Ligado*, masu mika wuya sun nuna cewa yanayin samar da masu tayay da kayar bayyane ya zama mummunan gaske. Har ila yau, 'yan tawaye sun kai hari Ntuleni, tsakanin Palma da Mocimboa da Praia, a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, amma rundunar RDF-FADM ta bi, ta kusurwa kuma ta lalata jam'iyyar da ta kai hari tare da taimakon drones.

## Sakamakon haka
A tsakiyar watan Nuwamba, 'yan tawaye suna gudanar da wani yunkuri don magance ci gaban gwamnati na watanni da suka gabata. Daga 8 zuwa 14 ga Nuwamba, 'yan tawaye sun kara hare-haren da suka kai wa ƙauyuka, sun yi niyya da Lijungo, Gundumar Nangade, da ƙauyukan 5o Congresso, Nanjaba, da Nambini a Gundumar Macomia. Daular Islama ta dauki alhakin wasu daga cikin wadannan hare-haren da sauran hare-hares kan fararen hula a yankin. Hare-haren sun haifar da bin kungiyoyin hadin gwiwa na FADM-SAMIM waɗanda suka sami nasarar kama Lijungo da masu kai hari na 5o Congresso, inda suka kashe da yawa. Bugu da kari, sojojin FADM-SAMIM sun samu nasarar kwantar da hankalin masu tayar da kayar baya a Mandimba, gabashin gundumar Nangade, a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, yayin da 'yan bindiga suka yi iƙirarin kashe' yan tawaye hudu a kusa da 5o Congress bayan kwana uku. Har ila yau, 'yan tawaye sun fadada ayyukansu a Gundumar Mueda, sun mamaye yankuna da yawa daga 12 zuwa 16 ga Nuwamba, kuma sun kaddamar da karin hare-hare a kan iyaka zuwa Tanzania. Pinnacle News ya yi iƙirarin cewa 'yan tawaye sun kafa sabon tushe a Nambungali, arewacin Gundumar Mueda. Har ila yau, rikice-rikicen ya ci gaba da kudu daga 18 zuwa 19 ga Nuwamba, wanda ke tsakiya a 5o Congresso da sauran shafuka a Nangade da kuma Gundumar Macomia. Kwanaki biyu bayan haka, masu tayar da kayar baya sun yi ƙoƙari su mamaye sansani a Gundumar Mueda, amma 'yan bindiga na yankin sun kori su.

A ƙarshen Nuwamba, an yi gwagwarmaya sosai a yankin Macomia na arewa,  kuma masu tayar da kayar baya sun bayyana sun koma ayyukansu zuwa lardin Niassa. Duk da wannan, hare-haren gwamnati sun raunana 'yan tawaye sosai a ƙarshen 2021, tare da raguwar mutuwar da aka ruwaito saboda fada.

## Bincike
Sake mamaye Mocímboa da Praia babban nasara ne na alama da dabarun ga gwamnatin Mozambican, musamman kamar yadda ta yi gwagwarmaya a baya don hana tawaye. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da garin a matsayin wurin tsayawa don ƙarin ayyukan yaki da ta'addanci kuma yana buɗe hanyoyi, mai yiwuwa ya kawo ƙarshen yanayin kewaye ga al'ummomin arewa da yawa. Ko da yake hari na farko ya yi nasara, duk da haka, sojojin da ke goyon bayan gwamnati ba su iya haifar da mummunan rauni ga masu tayar da kayar baya ba. RDF ta yarda a ranar 5 ga watan Agusta cewa an kashe 'yan tawaye 70 kawai har zuwa wannan lokacin. Bugu da kari, sojojin gwamnati ba su iya ceto fararen hula da aka sace ba. Gabaɗaya, 'yan Islama sun bayyana sun gudanar da koma baya a lokacin farmakin farko, suna kwashe ma'aikatan su kuma suna kare mayakan su don yaƙe-yaƙe na gaba maimakon riƙe yankin.

Masu lura sun yi jayayya cewa sa hannun sojojin Rwanda ya tabbatar da mahimmanci ga hari na farko, saboda goyon bayansu ya ba FADM damar shiga cikin yankuna kamar N380 inda ayyukan da suka gabata na yaki da 'yan tawaye suka kasa fitar da' yan tawaye. Ya bambanta da sojojin FADM waɗanda sau da yawa sukan janye lokacin da 'yan tawaye suka yi musu kwanton bauna, sojojin RDF suna da "koyarwa, jagoranci, da gogewa" don karya ta hanyar kwanton baun. Masu sharhi game da aikin *Cable Ligado* sun yi jayayya cewa wannan shine babban bambanci ga jami'an tsaro na Mozambican, saboda mutanen Rwandan sun bambanta kadan a cikin koyarwar aikinsu daga FADM. Har ila yau, 'yan Rwandan sun sami amincewa daga fararen hula na yankin saboda halayensu na horo da ƙoƙari na bi da mazauna yankin yadda ya kamata. Mutane da yawa daga cikin mazauna yankin sun fara bi da mutanen Rwanda a matsayin "jarumai", suna ɗaga tutar Rwanda da samun hotuna na Shugaban Rwanda Paul Kagame .  Sabanin haka, mazauna yankin suna zargin cewa jami'an tsaro na Mozambican suna da cin hanci da rashawa, kodayake dubban mazauna yankin sun shiga soja ko 'yan sanda don kare iyalansu.

A tsakiyar watan Satumba na 2021, 'yan tawaye da suka mika wuya sun bayyana tawaye a matsayin cikin rikici, tare da' yan tawaye da yawa sun yi watsi. Fararen hula da aka sace sun kuma bayyana cewa 'yan tawaye sun fara shan wahala daga rashin kayan aiki. A cikin watanni biyu masu zuwa, 'yan tawaye suna gwagwarmaya don tattara abinci, yayin da sojojin da ke goyon bayan gwamnati suka kore su daga gonakin su. Koyaya, 'yan tawaye har yanzu suna iya yin hare-hare, kamar yadda aka tabbatar lokacin da suka kaddamar da hare-hare a watan Nuwamba 2021. *Cable Ligado* ya yi jayayya cewa duk da cewa an raunana shi, "masu tayar da kayar baya da ke da alaƙa da IS a arewacin Mozambique suna tabbatar da juriya".

## Bayanan da aka ambata