Kabari na Rookwood

Kabarin Rookwood (wanda ake kira **Rookwood necropolis**) wani kabari ne da aka jera a cikin Rookwood, Sydney, Australia . Ita ce mafi girma necropolis a Kudancin Hemisphere  kuma ita ce mafi girma a duniya da ke aiki da makabarta daga Zamanin Victorian.  Yana kusa da Tashar jirgin kasa ta Lidcombe kimanin kilomita 17 (11  yammacin Gundumar kasuwanci ta tsakiya ta Sydney. An kara shi a cikin New South Wales State Heritage Register a ranar 2 ga Afrilu 1999. 

Kabarin Rookwood ya kasu kashi biyu cikin ɗakunan addini da wuraren aiki tare da ofisoshin mutum, ma'aikata, da kayan aiki don gudanar da sassa daban-daban na dukan yankin. Kabarin yanzu ana gudanar da shi ta hanyar amintattu uku. Rookwood Necropolis Land Manager sune masu kula da Rookwood a madadin Gwamnatin NSW. Kungiyoyin addinai guda biyu suna da alhakin kulawa da kula da sassan binnewa da yawa da ke ba da abinci ga kabilanci da al'adu daban-daban a cikin al'umma. Wadannan amintacce sune: Rookwood General Cemeteries Reserve Land Manager (Rookwood General Cemetery) da kuma Katolika Crematoria. Kamfanin NSW Cremation, wanda ya kafa kuma ke aiki da Rookwood Memorial Gardens Crematorium, shine mafi tsufa a cikin aikin ƙonewa a Ostiraliya. Kamfanin NSW Cremation shine kamfani mai zaman kansa wanda ke aiki da sashin 'masallaci' a cikin filin Necropolis. A yau kamfanin yana daga cikin kamfanin InvoCare.

Rookwood kuma ya ƙunshi wuraren tunawa da yawa ciki har da waɗanda aka keɓe ga waɗanda aka kashe a cikin Holocaust da kuma membobin 'yan kasuwa da aka kashe a lokacin yaƙi. Kabarin Yakin Sydney yana cikin ɓangaren gabashin Necropolis . Circle of Love wani wuri ne mai tsarki wanda aka keɓe ga yara da aka haifa da matattu ko waɗanda suka mutu tun suna jariri.

Akwai mutane 915,000 (adadi kamar yadda yake a 31 Disamba 2014) waɗanda aka binne su kuma aka ƙone su a Rookwood, wanda ya rufe yanki na hekta 314 (780 acres). [1] "Abokai na Rookwood Inc" kungiya ce ta son rai da aka sadaukar don adana shafin. A matsayin mafi girman makabartar Zamanin Victorian har yanzu tana aiki a duniya, Rookwood tana da muhimmancin ƙasa da tarihi.￼

Wasu tsofaffin sassan Rookwood sun cika da tashin hankali na tsire-tsire, tsire-shuke na farko, wasu yanzu manyan bishiyoyi ko bishiyoyi, da kuma jerin abubuwan ban sha'awa na sauran tsire-tire. Wannan yana haifar da haɗuwa mai yawa na tsire-tsire da za a samu a cikin necropolis, gami da nau'ikan 'yan asalin da ke cikin haɗari kamar Downy wattle da ƙananan Dillwynia (*Dillwynia parvifolia*). 

An dawo da Serpentine Canal a cikin Rookwood General Cemeteries Reserve Land Manager a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, gyarawa da maye gurbin kayan ado, shimfidar wuri da ciyayi sama da hekta 31 (77 acres) na makabartar.

## Tarihi
A cikin 1819, Gwamna Lachlan Macquarie ya kafa babban wurin binnewar Sydney kusa da aikin tubali na garin. A cikin shekarun 1840, Kabarin Devonshire Street ya kusa cika don haka ana buƙatar wani babban shafin. An zaɓi wani wuri a kan Sydney Common a 1845, amma an watsar da shi a 1859 ba tare da an yi amfani da shi ba saboda korafe-korafe daga mazauna yankin da majami'u. A Ostiraliya, kamar yadda yake a Turai, akwai karuwar yanayin motsa wuraren binnewa a waje da biranen don amfani, tsabta da sauran dalilai masu kyau. Tare da layin jirgin kasa da aka kammala zuwa Parramatta a 1856, an yanke shawarar gano sabon makabartar a wani batu a kan layin. An bincika shafuka da yawa kuma an gano cewa ba su dace ba. Koyaya, a cikin 1862 gwamnatin Cowper ta sayi hekta 80 na ƙasa a Haslem's Creek daga dukiyar Edward Cohen. Ƙasar Cohen a baya ta zama wani ɓangare na babban yanki da aka sani da "Hyde Park" wanda aka ba wa majistare da ɗan majalisa Henry Grattan Douglass a cikin 1833 kuma daga baya aka ba da hayar. An amince da shafin ne saboda keɓewar dangi da kusanci da layin dogo.

An raba makabarta zuwa sassan ƙungiyoyi daban-daban bisa ga lambobin su a ƙidayar shekara ta 1861. Sashe na Ikilisiyar Ingila ya kai hekta 21, an ba da Ikilisiyar Katolika hekta 14 kuma an kafa yankin da ba na addini ba na hekta 23. Sauran ƙungiyoyin da aka ba da ƙasa a cikin asalin 200 acres (hectare 80) Yahudawa ne, masu zaman kansu (Congregationalists), Presbyterians da Wesleyans. Dokar Necropolis ta 1867 ta fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1868 a hukumance ta keɓe makabarta da kafa amincin makabarta. Kabari na farko a cikin makabartar, wanda jaridar *Sydney Morning Herald,* ta ruwaito, wani matalauci ne, mai shekaru 18, John Whalan, wanda aka binne a ranar 5 ga Janairun 1867. Ba a rubuta wannan jana'izar a cikin rajistar jana'izar ba. An rubuta jana'izar farko ta hukuma a yankin Roman Katolika: yarinya mai watanni 14, Catherine McMullen, a ranar 7 ga Janairun 1867. 

A shekara ta 1879, an buƙaci ƙarin ƙasa kuma an sayi sauran hekta 233 na tsohon "Hyde Park". A cikin shekarun 1890 makabartar ta kasance gida ga gine-gine da yawa ciki har da St Michael the Archangel Chapel da gidaje daban-daban don manajojin sashi da sextons.

Asalin da aka sani kawai da  (Koine Greek ma'ana "birni na matattu"), mazauna yankin sun yi kira ga jami'ai su canza sunan ƙauyensu daga Haslem's Creek saboda alakarsa da makabartar. A shekara ta 1879, mazauna ƙauyen sun sami burinsu kuma an canza sunan yankin zuwa Rookwood; duk da haka, ba da daɗewa ba, ana kiran Necropolis da wannan sunan. Ginin Rookwood ya canza sunansa a 1913 zuwa Lidcombe, a matsayin cakuda sunayen magajin gari biyu, Lidbury da Larcombe (Larcombe kuma babban masanin dutse ne wanda kasuwancinsa, 'Larcompe Memorials' ya wanzu har zuwa yau). Kabarin ya riƙe sunan Rookwood .

Sunan *Rookwood* mai yiwuwa cin hanci da rashawa ne na gangan ko da gangan na sunan Brookwood Cemetery da tashar jirgin kasa da ke da alaƙa. A lokacin bude Rookwood, Kabari na Brookwood, wanda ke Brookwood, Surrey, Ingila, yana daya daga cikin manyan makabarta a duniya. Ba zai yiwu ba cewa, kamar yadda wasu kafofin suka yi iƙirarin, an sanya sunan Rookwood ne bayan littafin William Harrison Ainsworth mai suna Rookwood, wanda aka rubuta a 1834. 

## Jirgin kasa

## Bayanan al'adu
Kabarin Rookwood ya haifar da kalmar nan "karkatarwa kamar Rookwood", ma'ana rashin lafiya, kamar yadda "karkatar" shine harshen Australiya don rashin lafiya. Wani littafi na Chris Nyst da aka buga a shekara ta 2005 ya yi amfani da wannan magana a matsayin taken.

## Manazarta