Léa Roback

**Léa Roback** (3 Nuwamba 1903  - 28 Agusta 2000) ta kasance mai shirya Kungiyar kwadago ta Kanada,  mai fafutukar zamantakewa, mai zaman lafiya, kuma mai fafutuka. Ta yi kamfen game da warewa, tashin hankali, wariyar launin fata da rashin adalci. Mai magana da harsuna da yawa kuma mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, ta kasance majagaba na mata a Quebec.

## Shekaru na farko
An haife ta ne a Montreal, Quebec, a kan titin Guilbault a cikin 1903, ta biyu cikin yara tara,  ita ce 'yar baƙi Yahudawa na Poland. Mahaifinta mai sa tufafi ne wanda, tare da matarsa, Fanny, ke gudanar da babban kantin sayar da kayayyaki. Su ne kawai Yahudawa a Beauport, garin da Roback ya girma. Ta yi magana da Yiddish a gida, Faransanci tare da mazauna Beauport, da Ingilishi a makaranta. Iyalinta sun ba da daraja ga karatu da zane-zane. A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, kakarta ta mahaifiyarta, mace mai zaman kanta ce ta rinjaye ta.

Tare da iyalinta, Roback ta koma Montreal a 1915. Yayinda take aiki a British American Dyeworks, ta fahimci bambance-bambance tsakanin bangarori daban-daban na al'ummar Montreal. Ayyukanta na gaba shine a matsayin mai caji a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Her Majesty. Da yake sha'awar adabi, ta adana kuɗi don yin rajista a Jami'ar Grenoble a 1926,  inda ta sami digiri na farko.  Lokacin da ta dawo daga Grenoble, ta haɗu da 'yar'uwarta a Birnin New York.

## Ayyuka
A shekara ta 1929, ta tafi Berlin don ziyartar ɗan'uwanta Henri, ɗalibin likita. Ta koyi yaren Jamusanci, ta dauki darussan jami'a, kuma ta koyar da Turanci don biyan kuɗin ajiyarta. Ta kuma ziyarci Ingila da Italiya,  tana haɓaka ƙuduri mai ƙarfi ga Kwaminisanci.  A ranar 1 ga Mayu, 1929, a lokacin da take Berlin, Roback ta shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Jamus. Ta ji 'yan gurguzu sun yaudare ta, amma ta yi imanin cewa ba su sanya kalmomin su cikin aiki ba, saboda haka ta sauya goyon bayanta ga Marxism-Leninism. A cikin hira da ta yi da Nicole Lacelle a shekarar 1988, Roback ta ce a wannan lokacin ne ta sami kyakkyawar fahimtar siyasa. A cikin fall of 1932, tare da Nazis a hankali suna samun iko, Roback, Bayahude, baƙo, kuma Kwaminisanci, an bar ta ta koma Montreal bisa ga shawarar farfesa,  inda ta shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminisancin Kanada. A shekara ta 1934, ta kwashe 'yan watanni a Tarayyar Soviet tare da masoyi. Komawa zuwa Montreal, ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar marasa aikin yi, wanda Norman Bethune ya jagoranta. Ta kuma yi aiki a kungiyar matasa mata ta Ibrananci . A shekara ta 1935, ta kafa kantin sayar da littattafai na Marxist na farko a Montreal, Modern Book Shop, a kan titin Bleury.  

Tare da Thérèse Casgrain, Roback ta yi gwagwarmaya don zaɓen mata a Quebec a 1936.  A cikin wannan shekarar, Kungiyar Ma'aikatan Kayan Mata ta Duniya ta aika da Rose Pesotta, tsohuwar mai shirya kungiyar daga New York, don kafa ILGWU a Montreal. Roback ne ya taimaka mata. Wannan na ƙarshe ya taimaka sosai wajen haɗa ma'aikatan tufafi saboda ikonta na magana da Yiddish, Faransanci, da Ingilishi, kuma a ƙarshe ya taimaka wajen shirya ma'aikatan ado 5,000 waɗanda suka kasance a yajin aiki na makonni uku a cikin 1937. Roback ta taimaka wajen hada RCA Victor a 1941, inda ta kasance har zuwa 1951. Ta lashe kwangilar kungiyar kwadago ta farko ga mata a 1943 amma ba ta so ta zama wakilin kungiyar ko hawa tsarin ikon kungiyar.

Roback ya kasance mai shirya siyasa ga yakin neman zabe na Fred Rose ne zaben Cartier na 1943. 

Bayan ta nisanta kanta daga CPC, Roback ta bar jam'iyyar a 1958 bayan mamayar Soviet a Hungary.

A shekara ta 1960, ta zama memba kuma ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kungiyar "Voice of Women" (La Voix des Femmes a Montreal) [1] tare da Madeleine Parent, Thérèse Casgrain, da Simonne Monet-Chartrand . Ta yi tir da Yaƙin Vietnam da wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu, ta yi yaƙi da yaduwar makaman nukiliya, kuma ta kasance mai ba da goyon baya ga samun dama kyauta ga ilimi mai inganci. Mai fafutukar mata, ta yi gwagwarmaya don samun 'yancin jefa kuri'a don' yancin zubar da ciki da kuma samun damar hana daukar ciki. Roback ya kuma yi yaƙi don mazaunan Saint-Henri su sami gidaje masu kyau. A lokacin da take da shekaru 83 kuma a cikin ruwan sama mai yawa, ta shiga cikin tafiyar mata don daidaita albashi. A shekara ta 1985, ta zama memba mai daraja na Cibiyar Nazarin Mata ta Kanada.[2] Ta mutu a Côte-des-Neiges a shekara ta 2000, ta zama Knight (Chevalier) na National Order of Quebec a wannan shekarar.

## Kyauta
 
Ayyukan Gidauniyar Lea Roback, wanda aka kirkira a 1993,  wanda ke ba da tallafin karatu ga mata masu zaman kansu.  "Center Léa-Roback", cibiyar bincike a Montreal don rashin daidaito na zamantakewa, an kuma sanya masa suna don girmama ta, kamar yadda Maison Parent-Robacks, wanda ya kasance a Tsohon Montreal kuma yanzu yana cikin gundumar Park-Extension. Sophie Bissonnette ta yi fim game da rayuwar Roback a shekarar 1991. An sanya wa tituna biyu suna don girmama ta a cikin 2000s: Rue Léa-Roback a cikin gundumar Saint-Henri ta Montreal, da kuma titin da ake kira da wannan sunan a Beauport, inda ta shafe lokaci a lokacin ƙuruciyarta. A watan Satumbar 2023, Roback na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan mata uku na Quebec da' yan ƙungiyar kwadago, tare da Madeleine Parent da Simonne Monet-Chartrand, waɗanda Kanada Post ta girmama tare da hatimi.

Gidauniyar Léa Roback (Fondation Léa Ro back) tana ba da tallafin karatu ga mata da ke zaune a Quebec waɗanda ke da alhakin zamantakewa kuma ba su da tattalin arziki.

## Bayani

## Manazarta

## Ƙarin karantawa

* Pierre Anctil, Simon Jacobs ya ce.: *Yahudawa a Quebec *. *Shekaru ɗari huɗu na tarihi.* Kamfanin buga littattafai na Jami'ar Quebec PUQ, Quebec 2015, cont. Christian Samson, Léa Roback, mai fafutuka mai tsauri. shafi na 115 - 119 (a Faransanci) 

## Haɗin waje

* Tarihi a Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Quebec (a Faransanci) 
* Archived.radio-canada.ca/IDC-0-17-1177-6422/politique_economie/femmes_syndicalistes/" id="mwAW4" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Tattaunawa An adana 2008-01-01 a  a Rediyo-Kanada (a Faransanci) 
* Cibiyar Léa Roback  An adana 2019-05-05 a  (a Faransanci) 
* Roback a Yahudawa a nan (a Turanci), hotuna da yawa
* https://la-mpr.qc.ca/ (gidan yanar gizon Gidan Iyaye-Roback)