Silvia Monfort

**Silvia Monfort** (  ; an haifi **Simone Marguerite Favre-Bertin**  ; 6 ga Yuni 1923 - 30 ga Maris 1991) ta kasance 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Faransa a fagen wasanni da fina-finai, daraktan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma mai shirya al'adu. An san ta da rawar da ta taka a cikin bala'in gargajiya, jagorancinta wajen kafa cibiyoyin wasan kwaikwayo na fannoni daban-daban, da kuma karrama ta da lambar yabo ta ƙasa. 

An naɗa ta a matsayin jarumin ƙungiyar sojoji a shekarar 1973, kuma jami'in ƙungiyar sojoji a shekarar 1979, sannan kuma Kwamandan ƙungiyar sojoji a shekarar 1983. Ta mutu sakamakon cutar kansar huhu a shekarar 1991 kuma an binne ta a makabartar Père Lachaise da ke birnin Paris . 

Ita 'yar Charles-Maurice Favre-Bertin ce, wacce ta lashe kyautar, kuma ta auri Pierre Gruneberg .

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Silvia Monfort a gundumar Le Marais da ke Paris, a kan Rue Elzévir, kusa da Rue de Thorigny . Iyalinta sun zauna a can tsawon tsararraki da dama. Bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarta, an yi wa Monfort rajista a makarantar kwana, inda ta fara zuwa makarantar Lycée Victor-Hugo kafin ta kammala karatun sakandare a Lycée Victor-Duruy . 

A lokacin da take da shekaru 14, an ba Monfort damar yin jarrabawar Baccalaureate da wuri saboda ƙwarewarta a fannin karatu.  Duk da cewa mahaifinta ya yi niyyar yin aiki a Gobelins Manufactory, maimakon haka ta zaɓi yin karatun wasan kwaikwayo. Daga nan ta fara ɗaukar darussan wasan kwaikwayo tare da Jean Hervé da Jean Valcourt. 

## Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu da Juyin Juya Halin Faransa
Monfort ta kasance mai himma a cikin Juyin Juya Halin Faransa a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ; saboda wannan auren ta karɓi Croix de Guerre da Tauraron Tagulla . Bayan yaƙin, ta auri Maurice Clavel . 

## Cocteau, Vilar, da Théâtre National Populaire
A cikin 1945, Monfort ya bayyana a cikin Federico García Lorca 's *La casa de Bernarda Alba* . Ayyukanta sun jawo hankalin Edwige Feuillère, wanda ta raba mataki a *L'Aigle à deux têtes* ta Jean Cocteau . An fara wasan ne a cikin 1946 a Théâtre Royal des Galeries a Brussels .  

Ta hanyar Clavel, ta haɗu da daraktan wasan kwaikwayo Jean Vilar a shekarar 1947 kuma ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar Théâtre National Populaire (TNP). A wannan shekarar, ta yi wasa a bikin farko na Avignon, inda ta fito a cikin *The Story of Tobias and Sarah* .  

Monfort ya taka rawar Chimène tare da jarumi Gérard Philipe a cikin *Le Cid*,  ya taka rawar a cikin shirin Vilar na *Cinna ,* da kuma *The Marriage of Figaro* .  

## Sinima
Monfort ta fara fitowa a fim a *Les Anges du péché* ( *Mala'iku na Zunubi* ) wanda Robert Bresson ya jagoranta, wanda sau da yawa zai jefa 'yan wasan da ba ƙwararru ba.  A cikin 1948, ta nuna Édith de Berg a cikin daidaitawar Jean Cocteau na *L'Aigle à deux têtes*, yana bayyana tare da Edwige Feuillère da Jean Marais .

A shekarar 1955, Agnès Varda, wacce take daukar hoto a TNP a lokacin, ta jagoranci fim dinta na farko, *La Pointe Courte* - wanda galibi ana daukarsa a matsayin wanda ya fara shirya fim din Faransa New Wave .  Da take tunawa da shigar Monfort, Varda ta ce: "Ta shiga aikin da sha'awa da kwarewa," ta kara da cewa, "Ina da yakinin cewa ta yi farin cikin yin fafutukar neman sinima ta gaba." 

Bayan rabuwarta da Maurice Clavel, Monfort ya raba rayuwarta tare da darektan fim Jean-Paul Le Chanois kuma ya bayyana a yawancin ayyukansa. Duk da raunin da ta samu a hannu, ta buga fursunonin Poland a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Le Chanois a Les Évadés (1955) a gaban François Périer da Pierre Fresnay . Ta kuma yi tauraro tare da Jean Gabin da Nicole Courcel a cikin Le Cas du Docteur Laurent (1957) kuma ta fito a cikin Par-dessus le mur (1961), wasan kwaikwayo da ke bincika dangantakar iyaye da yara.

Monfort ta kuma fito a matsayin Éponine a cikin *Les Misérables* (1958), wanda Le Chanois ya ba da umarni, tare da Gabin da Bourvil . A shekarar 1962, ta taka rawar Myrtille, wata yarinya 'yar Romani, a *Mandrin* tare da Georges Rivière da Georges Wilson . Wannan fim ɗin ya kammala aikinta na sinima  da haɗin gwiwarta da Le Chanois.

## A kan hanya
A shekarun 1960, Monfort ya yi rangadin yawon shakatawa tare da kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo na Jean Danet, Tréteaux de France, yana yin wasannin gargajiya da na zamani. A ranar 23 ga Yuni, 1965, Silvia ta rubuta wa Pierre Gruneberg : "Na shawo kan Danet ya tsara jerin wasannin kwaikwayo a watan Satumba na *The Prostitute* kuma *Nan da nan, bazara ta ƙarshe* a ƙarƙashin babban abin alfahari a kusa da Paris (ta wannan hanyar, daraktocin da suka dawo ba tare da wata matsala ba za su iya ganin sa a can idan ya cancanta). Oh, da na yi abin da zan iya."

Monfort ta ci gaba da yin wasiƙu masu yawa, tana rubuta wa abokiyar zamanta Pierre Gruneberg kowace rana, wanda daga baya aka buga a matsayin *Wasiƙu zuwa ga Pierre.*  Danielle Netter, mataimakiyar darakta, ta rubuta: "Tréteaux de France, kayan aikin wasan kwaikwayo ne na musamman wanda ya ba mu damar gabatar da Sophocles da sauran mawakan wasan kwaikwayo a gaban masu haya na HLM . Kuma jin mai kallo yana cewa wa Silvia: 'Yana da kyau kamar na Yamma!' Wata rana da yamma, a ƙarshen *Electra ,* ya cika bala'inmu da farin ciki."

## Tragedienne
Tsakanin 1945 da 1989, Monfort ta fito a cikin wasu ayyukan gargajiya da na zamani na marubuta kamar Racine, Corneille, Sophocles da Ibsen . Ta taka rawar Phèdre a cikin shirye-shirye guda biyar daban-daban.

Ta yi wasa a wasannin kwaikwayo da kuma wasannin kwaikwayo na Maurice Clavel, kamar *The Isle of Goats* da *The Noon Terrace* . Roger Planchon ne ya ba ta umarni a Villeurbanne a shekarar 1959 a cikin *Love's Second Surprise* da kuma Luchino Visconti a birnin Paris a shekarar 1961 a cikin *<nowiki/>'Tis Pity She's a Whore' ,* tare da Alain Delon da Romy Schneider . Ta fito a cikin *Summer and Smoke* (1953) da kuma *Suddenly, Last Summer* (1965) ta Tennessee Williams . Ta fito a cikin Sphinx na Cocteau's *The Infernal Machine* a cikin bukukuwa da kuma talabijin tare da Claude Giraud a shekarar 1963. Ta kasance *Karuwa Mai Girmamawa* ta Jean-Paul Sartre (1965) da kuma *Duchess na Malfi* tare da Raf Vallone (1981).

A gidan wasan kwaikwayo nata, Carré Thorigny, ta taimaka wajen ƙaddamar da aikin Bernard Giraudeau, wanda ya fara fitowa a cikin fim ɗin Tom Eyen mai suna *Why Doesn's Dress Want to Come off* (1974). Ta kuma fito a cikin *fim ɗin The Oresteia* (1962) da *The Persians* of Aeschylus (1984). Ta fito a cikin fim ɗin *Lucrezia Borgia* a cikin fim ɗin Victor Hugo (1975), Marguerite de Bourgogne a cikin *The Tower of Nesle* na Alexandre Dumas, père (1986), Alarica a cikin *fim ɗin The Evil Is Spreading* (1963), *[[Joan of Arc|Maid]]* a cikin fim ɗin Jacques Audiberti (1971) da Ethel a cikin *fim ɗin The Rosenbergs Should Not Die* (1968) na Alain Decaux . Ta fafata da Ionesco tare da Jacques, ko kuma Submission (1971), When We Dead Awaken na Henrik Ibsen (1976) da kuma The Lady from the Sea (1977). Domin murnar cika shekaru 100 da haihuwar Cocteau, ta bayyana a matakin ƙarshe a kan dandamalin Vaugirard a cikin fim ɗin *The Two Ways* a shekarar 1989.

## Manazarta