Sarah Mardini

**Sarah Mardini** (Arabic; an haife ta a shekara ta 1995) tsohuwar 'yar wasan motsa jiki ce ta Siriya, mai tsaron rai kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam. Da suke tserewa daga kasarsu a shekarar 2015 a lokacin yakin basasar Siriya tare da 'yar'uwarta, mai iyo na Olympics Yusra Mardini, sun ja jirgin su tare da wasu 'yan gudun hijira zuwa gabar Bahar Rum ta Girka, suna ceton kansu da sauran fasinjoji. Ci gaba da tafiyarsu a fadin Balkans, sun isa Berlin, Jamus, a wannan shekarar. An kira ta daya daga cikin mutane 100 mafi tasiri a duniya ta mujallar Time a 2023, tare da 'yar'uwarta.

Bayan an ba 'yan'uwa mata mafaka ta siyasa a Jamus, Sarah Mardini ta shiga wata kungiya mai zaman kanta don taimakawa' yan gudun hijira a tsibirin Lesbos na Girka. Tare da mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam Seán Binder, an kama ta a shekarar 2018 kuma hukumomin Girka sun zarge ta da leken asiri, taimakawa shige da fice ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma tana cikin kungiyar masu aikata laifuka. Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam kamar su Amnesty International sun karyata waɗannan zarge-zargen, suna sukar zarge-cargen da aka yi wa Mardini da sauran ma'aikatan jin kai da kuma kare ayyukansu a matsayin ayyukan shari'a.

## Rayuwa ta farko da tashi
Sarah Mardini ta girma ne a Darayya, wani yanki na Damascus, tare da iyayenta da 'yan uwanta mata biyu, Yusra da Shahed . Yayinda suke yara, duka Sarah da Yusra sun karfafa su kuma sun horar da su don gasa ta yin iyo daga mahaifinsu, ƙwararren kocin kuma tsohon mai yin iyo da kansa. Daga baya, sun shiga kungiyoyin yin iyo a Siriya da kuma kungiyar yin iyo ta Siriya.

Lokacin da aka lalata gidansu a yakin basasar Siriya, Sarah da Yusra sun yanke shawarar tserewa daga Siriya a watan Agusta 2015. Sun isa Lebanon, sannan Turkiyya. Sun shirya a shigo da su zuwa tsibirin Girka ta jirgin ruwa tare da wasu baƙi 18 a cikin jirgin da aka tsara don mutane 6 ko 7. Bayan motar ta daina aiki kuma jirgin ya fara ɗaukar ruwa a cikin Tekun Aegean, Yusra, Sarah, da wasu mutane biyu, waɗanda suka iya yin iyo, sun yi tsalle cikin ruwa. Sun ja jirgin cikin ruwa sama da sa'o'i uku, har sai kungiyar ta kai tsibirin Lesbos. Bayan wannan, sun yi tafiya da ƙafa, ta bas da jirgin kasa ta hanyar Girka, Balkans, Hungary da Austria zuwa Jamus, inda suka zauna a Berlin a watan Satumbar 2015. Iyayensu da ƙanwarsu daga baya sun tsere daga Siriya kuma an ba su mafaka ta siyasa a Jamus. A shekara ta 2017, Mardini ya zama dalibi a Kwalejin Bard ta Berlin bayan an ba shi cikakken tallafin karatu daga Shirin Kwalejin Ilimi na Duniya da Canjin Jama'a.

## Yunkurin 'yan gudun hijira da zarge-zargen shari'a
Da yake ba da shawara ga 'yan gudun hijira, ita da' yar'uwarta Yusra sun yi magana a gaban Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a New York da kuma masu sauraro a Jamus, Faransa, Belgium, Jamhuriyar Czech da Bulgaria. A cikin kaka na 2016, Sarah Mardini mai shekaru 21 ta koma Lesbos don aiki a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa tare da Cibiyar Amsa ta Gaggawa ta Duniya (ERCI), wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta Girka don 'yan gudun hijira wacce ta yi aiki tare da Frontex da hukumomin iyakar Girka. ERCI tana aiki da cibiyar kiwon lafiya a sansanin 'yan gudun hijira na Moria, wanda Human Rights Watch da sauran kungiyoyi suka bayyana a matsayin "kotu mai budewa". Bayan ya taimaka wa 'yan gudun hijira a matsayin mai fassara a wannan sansanin na watanni shida, Mardini ya ce: "Ina magana da su ta hanyarsa. Ina gaya musu, 'Na san yadda kuke ji, saboda na kasance cikinta. Na rayu, kuma na tsira, " kuma suna jin daɗi, saboda ni ɗan gudun hijira ne kamar su. "

An kama Mardini a filin jirgin saman Lesbos a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta 2018, lokacin da ta yi niyyar komawa Jamus don farkon shekara ta biyu a kwaleji a Berlin. A wannan rana, Seán Binder, mai horar da masu ceto kuma mai sa kai ga wannan NGO, ya tafi ofishin 'yan sanda don saduwa da Sarah Mardini kuma an kama shi da kansa. An kama memba na uku na kungiyar ba da agaji, Nassos Karakitsos jim kadan bayan haka.

A cewar wani rahoto a cikin *The Guardian*, an tsare su da wasu 'yan kungiyar ba da agaji guda biyu a tsare-tsaren da aka yi kafin a yi musu shari'a na kwanaki 106, "tare da Mardini da aka tsare a gidan yarin Korydallos na Athens". Bayan fiye da watanni uku a kurkuku, an saki Binder da Mardini a kan beli na Yuro 5,000 kuma suna iya barin Girka.  Mardini, Binder da sauran masu fafutukar Girka ga 'yan gudun hijira an zarge su da kasancewa mambobi ne na kungiyar masu aikata laifuka, fataucin mutane, karkatar da kudi da zamba daga hukumomin Girka.
### Ci gaba da zaman kotu
Lauyoyin wadanda ake tuhuma sun ce hukumomin Girka sun kasa samar da tabbacin shaida don tallafawa zarge-zargen. Idan a ƙarshe aka yanke masa hukunci, ana iya yanke wa wanda ake tuhuma hukuncin shekaru 25 a kurkuku. Baya ga tsoffin mambobi 24 na ERCI, wasu ma'aikatan jin kai da yawa suna fuskantar tuhuma a Girka, kamar abin da ya faru a Italiya, inda aka kuma aikata laifuka don ba da taimako ga baƙi.

A ranar 18 ga watan Nuwamba 2021, wata kotun da ke Lesbos ta dakatar da shari'ar da aka yi wa mambobi 24 na ERCI, ciki har da Mardini da Binder, "saboda rashin ikon kotun" kuma ta tura karar zuwa babbar kotun. A ranar 18 ga watan Nuwamba 2022, Binder, Mardini da abokin hamayyar Girka Nassos Karakitsos sun halarci taron kotun su a kotun farko, kuma sun bayyana cewa ba su da wani abu da za su kara da maganganun da suka gabata. An shirya fara shari'arsu a ranar 10 ga watan Janairun 2023, tare da wadanda ake tuhuma da ke fuskantar tuhumar da aka rarraba a matsayin laifuka masu laifi, yayin da ba a kammala tuhumar laifin ba.

Bayan fiye da shekaru hudu na tsawo na shari'a da hukumomin Girka suka yi da kuma damuwa da rashin tabbas ga wadanda ake tuhuma bayan kamawa na farko, an fara shari'ar masu ceto 24 a ranar 10 ga watan Janairun 2023. A ranar 13 ga watan Janairu, kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa tuhumar leken asiri a kan Mardini da sauran wadanda ake tuhuma aƙalla ba za a yarda da su ba, don haka biyo bayan rashin amincewar lauyoyin su. Daga cikin sauran ƙin yarda, waɗannan su ne gazawar farko ta kotun don fassara takardu ga waɗanda ake tuhuma a kasashen waje zuwa yaren da za su iya fahimta da kuma takardun da ba daidai ba na wasu zarge-zargen. Koyaya, tuhumar fataucin mutane ta kasance kuma waɗanda ake tuhuma dole ne su jira shari'a ta biyu. A cewar wani rahoto a cikin jaridar *Die Zeit* ta Jamus, hukuncin ba cikakkiyar wankewa ba ne ga Mardini, Binder da sauran wadanda ake tuhuma, amma aƙalla nasara ce ta tsakiya, da kuma siginar siyasa a cikin hanyar da wani rahoto daga Majalisar Tarayyar Turai ta kira 'mafi girman shari'ar aikata laifuka a Turai'. Bayan hukuncin, Seán Binder ya yi sharhi ga 'yan jarida a waje da kotun:
 

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Bidiyo game da zarge-zargen da aka yi wa Binder, Mardini da sauran mambobin ERCI ta Amnesty International
* Bidiyo 'Ba mai safarar mutane ba ne' tare da Sarah Mardini a BBC News
* Bidiyo "Yadda aka kama ni saboda ba da bargo ga 'yan gudun hijira" tare da Sarah Mardini a TEDxLondonWomen
* Rahoton 2020 game da matakan ƙuntatawa, takunkumi da azabtarwa na Turai akan mutanen da ke kare haƙƙin 'yan gudun hijira da' yan gudun hijira. ta Amnesty International
* Trailer don shirin Sara Mardini: Gegen den Strom (A kan halin yanzu), Jamus 2023, wanda Charly Wai Feldman ya jagoranta a YouTube (Turanci tare da subtitles na Jamusanci)