open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ruth Gavison

**Ruth Gavison** (Ibraniyawa; 28 ga Maris, 1945 - 15 ga Agusta, 2020)  ta kasance ƙwararren Isra'ila kan haƙƙin ɗan adam, farfesa a Jami'ar Ibrananci ta Urushalima, kuma mai karɓar Kyautar Isra'ila .

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Ruth Gavison a Urushalima a ranar 28 ga Maris, 1945 ga dangin Yahudawa na Sephardic. Kakannin mahaifinta Yahudawa ne na Maroko waɗanda suka yi ƙaura daga Tetouan zuwa Urushalima a ƙarni na 19. Mahaifiyarta Bayahude ce ta Girka. Ta girma ne a Haifa . Ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Ibrananci a shekarar 1969. A shekara ta 1970, an kuma ba ta B.A. a Falsafa da Tattalin Arziki .

Ƙarin digiri na ilimi da cancanta:

* LL. M., 1971, Jami'ar Ibrananci, Urushalima.
* D. Phil.  (Oxon.) (falsafar shari'a), 1975, Jami'ar Oxford.
* magatakarda ga Mai Shari'a B. Halevi, Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila, 1970.
* An yarda da shi a cikin lauyan Isra'ila, 1971.

## Ayyukan ilimi
Yankunan bincikenta sun hada da Rikicin Kabilanci, Kare 'Yan Ƙananan Hukumomi, 'Yancin Dan Adam, Ka'idar Siyasa, Dokar Shari'a, Addini da Siyasa, da Isra'ila a matsayin Jihar Yahudawa da Dimokuradiyya. Ta kasance memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya da Humanities ta Isra'ila . 

## Ayyukan shari'a
An zabi Gavison don matsayi a Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila a shekara ta 2005 amma ya kasa samun rinjaye don nadin. Ministan Shari'a Daniel Friedmann ya tabbatar a 2007 cewa alƙalai na Kotun Koli sun yi adawa da nadin ta saboda ba su yarda da ra'ayinta ba. Gavison ta soki kotun a matsayin wata hukuma da ke neman "tsare siyasa" kuma ta bayyana ra'ayinta ga kafofin watsa labarai.

## Ayyukan da aka buga
Ta wallafa wata kasida game da sirri a cikin Yale Law Journal kuma ta shirya wani kundin da aka keɓe ga falsafar shari'a ta HLA Hart da Oxford ta buga. Kwanan nan, ta wallafa wata kasida game da kwanakin hutawa a cikin al'ummomin da suka rabu (wanda aka rubuta tare da Nahshon Perez), wanda aka haɗa a cikin Dokar da Addini a cikin Yanayi na Comparative, wanda Cambridge ta buga. Ta kasance memba na kwamitin edita na Jewish Review of Books .

Tare da Rabbi Yaaqov Medan, ta hada hannu da Gavison-Medan Alkawari, wani tsari don kasancewa tare da Isra'ilawa na addini da na duniya.

## Manazarta
Rivka Guber

Rivka Guber (Ibraniyawa; 1902-1981) ma'aikaciyar zamantakewar al'umma ce ta Isra'ila kuma majagaba, kuma mai karɓar Kyautar Isra'ila .

## Kyaututtuka da girmamawa

* A shekara ta 1976, an ba Guber lambar yabo ta Isra'ila, saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga al'umma da Jihar Isra'ila, saboda aikin rayuwarta a ilimi da kuma shawo kan baƙi.
* A shekara ta 1992, Hukumar Wasiku ta Isra'ila ta ba da hatimi don girmama Guber, tare da hotunan ta uku.

## Ayyukan da aka buga

* 'Yan uwan, 1950
* Wutar Sigina ta Lachish, 1961
* Lakhish: Tarihin Tarihi na Littattafai, 1965
* Hanyar Ɗaya ce kawai, 1970
* Waɗannan Su ne Labaran Kfar Ahim, 1974
* Hadisin da za a ba da kyauta, 1979

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin masu karɓar kyautar Isra'ila

## Manazarta
Zaharira Harifai

**Zaharira Harifai** (Ibraniyawa; 12 ga Disamba, 1929 - 2 ga Janairu, 2013) 'yar fim ce ta Isra'ila, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, kuma 'yar wasan talabijin, kuma mai zane-zane. 

Ta kasance mai karɓar Kyautar Isra'ila a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka ba ta a shekara ta 2003.  Jaridar Jerusalem Post ta kira ta "ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Isra'ila".

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Harifai kuma ta girma a Tel Aviv .  Mahaifinta, Haim Leib Harifai, malamin Ibrananci ne da adabi, ɗan jarida, kuma mai fafutukar al'adu a Yishuv, wanda ya yi ƙaura daga Rasha a 1922. A shekara ta 1934, tana da shekaru hudu, ta zama maraya lokacin da mahaifinta ya mutu daga cutar huhu. Mahaifiyarta, Hannah Dvora, ta yi aiki a cikin kicin makarantar sakandare.

Ta halarci Makarantar noma ta Mikveh Isra'ila don makarantar sakandare, inda ta yi fice, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, a cikin iyo. A shekara ta 1946, bayan kammala makarantar sakandare, ta horar da ita a Kibbut Gvat a cikin tsarin Palmach Battalion . A lokacin Yakin Independence, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai aiki da rediyo a cikin Golani Brigade . 

## Ayyuka
Bayan sallamar ta ta ta soja, ta bayyana a cikin shirin farar hula na ƙungiyar Chizbatron (a waje da soja) kuma ta yi karatu a makarantar wasan kwaikwayo da ke haɗe da Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Cameri .  Ɗaya daga cikin malamanta shine Peter Frye, amma Harifai ta ɗauki kanta da farko ɗalibar Yosef Milo, wanda ya kafa gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Cameri.

A cikin shekarun 1950 da 1960, ta yi wasan kwaikwayo kamar The Italian Straw Hat da As You Like It a Cameri, da The Caucasian Chalk Circle da sauran shirye-shirye a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Haifa .

A ƙarshen shekarun 1950, ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar *Batzal Yarok* (Green Onion), inda ta raira waƙa "The Pioneer Prostitute," waƙar da aka haramta daga watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo.

Bayan an kore ta daga gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Cameri, da farko saboda dalilai da suka shafi bayyanarta ta jiki, a cikin 1958 ta taka rawar lesbian Inez a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Jean-Paul Sartre No Exit a matsayin wani ɓangare na Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Zavit, wanda ta kafa tare da wasu 'yan wasan kwaikwayo.

A shekara ta 1959, mata biyu sun yi ƙoƙari su kashe kansu ta hanyar nutsar da su a cikin Kogin Yarkon. Harifai, wacce ta kasance fitacciyar mai yin iyo ga Hapoel Tel Aviv (100m breaststroke), ta cire rigarta kuma ta yi tsalle cikin ruwa don ceton su, amma kawai ta sami nasarar ceto daya.

A shekara ta 1967, ta kirkiro wani maraice na karatun shayari da ake kira "Harsunan da aka rufe a cikin Littafin," kuma daga nan zuwa gaba ta ƙware a karatun shayari. An dauke ta daga cikin masu gabatarwa na wannan fasahar a Isra'ila.
Sara Hestrin-Lerner

**Sara Hestrin-Lerner** (Ibraniyawa; 18 ga Mayu, 1918 - 18 ga Nuwamba, 2017) masanin ilimin lissafi ne na Isra'ila wanda aka haifa a Kanada.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Hestrin-Lerner a Winnipeg, Manitoba, Kanada a watan Mayu 1918. Tana da shekaru 14, ta yi hijira tare da iyayenta zuwa Mandate na Burtaniya na Falasdinu (yanzu Isra'ila) a 1932. Ta yi karatun ilimin dabbobi kuma ta sami digirin digirin digirinta a fannin ilimin lissafi daga Jami'ar Ibrananci ta Urushalima .  Ta mutu a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2017 tana da shekaru 99. 

## Kyaututtuka
A shekara ta 1955, an ba Hestrin-Lerner lambar yabo ta Isra'ila, don kimiyyar kiwon lafiya.[1] An kuma ba ɗan'uwan Hestrin-Lerner, Shlomo Hestrin, Kyautar Isra'ila, a cikin ainihin kimiyya, a shekara ta 1957.[2]

## Manazarta
Yehudit Hendel

**Yehudit Hendel** (Turanci: Judith Hendel; Jamusanci: Jehudit Hendel; Ibrananci: יהודית הנדל) marubucin Isra'ila ne wanda ya lashe lambar yabo. Ta rubuta litattafai, gajerun labaru, da wadanda ba na almara ba.

Yawancin ayyukanta suna mai da hankali kan Holocaust, mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu, mutanen da ke fama da baƙin ciki, da marasa lafiya.

Lokacin da ta lashe Kyautar Isra'ila a shekara ta 2003, kwamitin zaɓe ya bayyana cewa "ta kasance mai ban sha'awa, mai motsi, murya mai ƙarfi tare da zurfin tunani. Ta shiga cikin rayuwar mutum da kuma cikin matsalolin rayuwa na yau da kullun tare da lura mai mahimmanci, kuma ba tare da sanin mummunan rayuwar mutane ba. Yehudit Hendel shine majagaba a juyawa daga tsakiyar taswirar zamantakewa zuwa gefensa".

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Hendel a 1921 a Warsaw . A wannan shekarar, kakanta ya koma Falasdinu; iyayenta da iyalinta suka koma Haifa a 1930. Mahaifinta, Akiva, ya yi aiki a matsayin direban bas.

Yayinda yake yaro, Hendel ya kasance memba na HaNoar HaOved VeHaLomed, ƙungiyar matasa ta Zionist. Ta halarci kwalejin malami a Tel Aviv, kuma a 1948 ta auri mai zane Zvi Meirovitz . Suna da 'ya'ya biyu, Dorit (an haife shi a shekara ta 1952) da Yehoshua (an haifi shi a shekara de 1963).  A shekara ta 1980, Hendel ta koma Tel Aviv, inda ta zauna har tsawon rayuwarta.

## Ayyukan wallafe-wallafen

An buga ɗan gajeren labarin Hendel na farko, "Bi-khvot Orot" ("A hasken wuta"), a 1942 lokacin da take da shekaru goma sha bakwai. An buga tarin gajerun labaru na farko, Anashim Aherim Hem (Sun bambanta), a cikin 1950. A shekara ta 1954, rubutun littafinta na Rehov ha-Madregot (Hanyar matakai) ya lashe gasar Asher Barash . An buga shi a 1955 kuma ya zama mafi kyawun sayarwa.[1] Wannan ya biyo bayan wallafa littafi na biyu, He-Hazer shel Momo ha-Gedolah (The courtyard of Momo the Great) a shekarar 1969. Tana aiki a kan littafi na uku, wanda ake kira Zelilah Hozeret (Repeat dive), a cikin 1970 lokacin da mijinta ya yi rashin lafiya kuma an ajiye littafin; mijinta ya mutu a cikin 1974. Ba ta gama littafin ba, amma ya zama tushen fim din wannan taken wanda Shimon Dotan ya jagoranta a 1982. A shekara ta 1984, ta wallafa Ha-Koah ha-Aher The other force), tarihin marigayi mijinta Zvi Meirovitz . [1]

## Manazarta
Marie-Thérèse Auffray

**Marie-Thérèse Auffray** (11 Oktoba 1912 - 27 Satumba 1990) mai zane ce kuma mai faɗa a Faransa a cikin Juyin Juya Halin Faransa a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu . Ta fara aikinta a gundumar 14 ta Paris kuma an san ta da ayyukanta na nuna ra'ayi . Ta kasance mai zaman kanta daga kasuwar fasaha, wacce koyaushe take ƙin dokokin kasuwanci.

## Tarihin Rayuwa

### Shekarun Paris
Duk da haka, Auffray tana tare da 'yar asalin ƙasarta Brittany, ta bar Saint-Quay-Portrieux tun tana ƙarama, ta tashi zuwa Paris a shekarar 1920, bayan rasuwar mahaifinta. Ta kasance mai hazaka a fannin fasaha, ta shiga duniyar masu fasaha da suka zauna a Paris a lokacin Années folles kuma ta halarci taron bita da aka yi a 11 rue d'Alésia, a gundumar 14 .

An san Auffray da baiwarta a matsayin mai zane-zane da zane-zane, amma kuma saboda zane-zanenta (rayuwar da ba ta ƙare ba). Ta koma ɗakinta da ke 21 rue Gazan a shekarar 1942, ta ci gaba da ziyartar gidajen tarihi da ke kusa da rue d'Alésia . Rayuwarta ta birnin Paris galibi tana cikin gundumar ɗakin zane-zane na Parc Montsouris . 

## Jajircewa ga Juyin Juya Halin
Tun daga farkon Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, ta shiga ƙungiyar Resistance ta Faransa, ta koma Echauffour inda ta haɗu da wani matashi mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, Noëlle Guillou, abokin aikinta a rayuwa. A matsayinta na manyan jaruman ƙungiyar Echauffour Resistance, sun samar wa mayakan juriya na Paris kayayyakin gida daga Normandy kuma an nuna su a cikin ayyukan jarumtaka. Marie-Thérèse Auffray ta kuma ceci sojojin ƙawance, ciki har da jirgin saman Amurka Arnold Pederson, wanda shugaban Amurka Dwight D. Eisenhower ya yi mata yabo. [1] [2]

## Bayan yaƙi
A shekarar 1945, Auffray ta yi baje kolin a Galerie Drouant-David da Galerie Lucy Krohg, a birnin Paris. A shekarar 1947, ita da Noëlle Guillou suka buɗe Le Bateau Ivre (Jirgin Ruwa Mai Drunken), wani masauki mai ban mamaki, shagon sayar da littattafai da kuma wurin shakatawa a Normandy. Auffray ta gina mashayarta a cikin nau'in jirgin ruwa, tana tunawa da asalin Breton da kuma sanannen waƙar " Le Bateau ivre " ta mawaƙin Faransa Arthur Rimbaud . 

Auffray ta raba lokacinta tsakanin Echauffour da Paris, inda ta ajiye ɗakin studio ɗinta a gundumar 14 kuma ta ci gaba da zane duk rayuwarta.

Ayyukanta sun watse bayan mutuwarta, amma, tun daga shekarun 2000, Ƙungiyar MTA (ƙarin sunanta)  ta ba da gudummawa ga sake gano ta tare da wasu canje-canje da aka yi kwanan nan ga Auffray: a cikin 2016 (a Échauffour), a cikin 2017 (a Paris, Orangerie du Sénat), da kuma a cikin 2018 (a Saint-Quay-Portrieux da Alençon).  

## Manazarta
Rundunar Sojojin Faransa

**Rundunar 'Yan Agajin Mata na Faransa** ( French , ko CVF ) wani aikin taimako ne na soja wanda sojojin Faransa 'Yanci suka kafa a Burtaniya a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu . An kafa ta a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba 1940 a matsayin Rundunar Mata ( French , CF ) kuma an yi wahayi zuwa gare shi daga abin da ya gabata na Hukumar Kula da Yankuna ta Auxiliary Territorial (ATS) kuma ita ce rundunar mata ta farko a tarihin soja ta Faransa . Simonne Mathieu ce ta fara jagorantarta daga baya kuma daga baya Hélène Terré . Da farko, rundunar CF mai shekaru 26 kacal, an yi niyyar samar da ma'aikata don yin aiki a cikin ayyukan malamai da sakatariya wanda zai ba da damar tura maza zuwa rundunonin gaba. An sake wa rundunar CF suna a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba 1941 kuma an haɗa ta a hukumance cikin Rundunar Sojojin Faransa 'Yanci. Ta kai mata 430 a watan Yuli 1943. [1] An wargaza ta a watan Mayu 1944 a farkon ' Yantar da Faransa kuma Arme féminine ta maye gurbinta a watan da ya biyo baya. [1]

## Ma'aikata masu mahimmanci

* Simonne Mathieu (1908–1980), 'yar wasan tennis kuma babban jami'in kwamanda na farko
* Hélène Terré (1903–1993), babban kwamanda na biyu
* Tereska Torrès (1920–2012), marubuciyar littafin tarihin da aka rubuta a cikin mujallar *Women's Barracks* (1950).
* Éliane Brault (1895-1982), ɗan siyasa kuma mai zaman kansa.

## Manazarta
Ivete da Graça Correia

**Ivete da Graça Santos Lima Correia** ma'aikaciyar gwamnati ce kuma 'yar siyasa ta São Toméan wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Shari'a, Gudanar da Cikin Gida da 'Yancin Ɗan Adam daga shekarun 2018 har zuwa korar ta a shekarar 2022.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Correia ta sami digiri a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da zamantakewa daga jami'ar Rasha da kuma digirin shari'a daga jami'ar São Toméan.  Da farko ta yi aiki a Ma'aikatar Shari'a na tsawon lokaci.  Daga baya ta yi aiki a Ma'aikatar Yaƙi da Shan Miyagun Kwayoyi ta ƙasar. Ricardo Neto na *STP-Press* ya bayyana ta a matsayin "fuskar jama'a ta yaƙi da shan miyagun ƙwayoyi ta São Tomé",  kuma Abel Veiga na *Téla Nón* ya lura cewa ta bambanta aikinta a wannan rawar.  Ta yi jawabi a taron ƙasa da ƙasa na 1 kan manufofin miyagun ƙwayoyi a ƙasashen Afirka masu magana da harshen Portugal, tana mai da hankali kan buƙatar São Tomé da Principe na samun isasshen maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi da kuma ingantattun matakai kan safarar miyagun ƙwayoyi, da kuma hanyoyin magance matsalolin miyagun ƙwayoyi.

A watan Disamba na 2018, an naɗa Correia a matsayin Ministar Shari'a, Gudanar da Cikin Gida da 'Yancin Dan Adam a cikin  sabon Firayim Minista da aka zaɓa Jorge Bom Jesus.  A ranar 15 ga watan Agusta 2019, ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa da Portugal don adalci, tare da mataimakin shugaban Instituto Camões Gonçalo Teles Gomes. A watan Disamba 2019, ta yi aiki a matsayin wakiliya a taron Ministocin Shari'a na 16 na Al'ummar ƙasashen Harsunan Portugal da ke Santa Maria, Cape Verde. A watan Fabrairu 2021, ta wakilci ƙasarta don taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na 37 na Universal Periodic Review na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. 

An sauke Correia daga muƙamin ta na minista a lokacin wani garambawul na majalisar ministoci a watan Fabrairun 2022. Cílcio dos Santos ya maye gurbinta.  Kafin naɗinta na minista, ta shiga cikin Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe - Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party.  A lokacin da take minista, ta ci gaba da karatun digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Évora.

## Manazarta
Evelyne Clopet

**Evelyne Claire Clopet** (14 ga Fabrairu 1922 - 10 ga Agusta 1944) jarumar Faransa ce ta masu fafutuka a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu .

An haifi Clopet a Pornic, Faransa, 'yar wani kyaftin na rundunar sojojin ruwa ta Merchant da ke zaune a Casablanca . A lokacin barkewar yakin duniya na daya, Clopet ta haɗu da iyayenta a Morocco, kuma bayan da Amurka ta sauka a Casablanca a shekarar 1942, ta yi aikin sa kai a matsayin mayaka ga Free French . 

An aika Clopet zuwa Ingila inda ta shiga BCRA (Bureau Central de Renseignements et d'Action ( *Broad of Intelligence and Action* )). Ta yi horo mai zurfi, ta sami sunan lambar "Chamonet" a Ingila da kuma "Claudet" a Faransa kuma aka ba ta matsayin laftanar na biyu.

An kai Clopet cikin jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu zuwa Faransa daga wani mai fafutukar 'yanci kusa da Liglet a ranar 7 ga Yuli, 1944, a matsayin wani ɓangare na Shirin Sussex na kafa wata hanyar tattara bayanan sirri ta jami'an tsaro na ƙarƙashin ƙasa da masu aikin rediyo masu magana da Faransanci a Faransa da aka mamaye. Wata rana sojojin Jamus sun tsayar da ƙungiyarta lokacin da suke tuƙi da babbar mota a Lavardin kuma aka gano makamansu da kayan aikin rediyo. An kai su don yi musu tambayoyi aka harbe su a Vendôme a ranar 10 ga Agusta, 1944. [1]

An san Clopet a matsayin " Mort pour la France ". Sunanta an rubuta shi a kan abin tunawa da yaƙin Casablanca da kuma a kan abin tunawa da Saint- Ouen ( Loir-et-Cher ) inda aka binne ta a makabarta. Haka kuma an haɗa shi a cikin jerin sunayen da ke cikin Tempsford Memorial da ke Bedfordshire, wanda ke girmama matan da suka yi aiki a matsayin jami'an sirri a Turai da aka mamaye . An sanya wa wani titi a garin da Clopet ta fito a matsayin Pornic sunanta.

## Manazarta
Alda Bandeira

**Alda Bandeira Tavares Vaz da Conceição** (an haife ta a ranar 22 ga watan Satumba, 1949) 'yar siyasa ne a São Tomé da Principe. 

An haifi Bandeira a Santana, São Tomé a shekara ta 1949. Mahaifinta ma'aikacin jinya ne.  Ta karanci harsunan zamani a jami'ar Eduardo Mondlane da ke Maputo, Mozambique, ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin harsunan zamani da adabi daga Jami'ar Lisbon, ta kuma karanci dangantakar ƙasa da ƙasa a Lisbon Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas. Bandeira ta koyar a makarantun sakandare a Maputo da São Tomé tsakanin shekarun 1975 da 1982. 

Bandeira ta fara aikin siyasa a matsayin daraktar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ɓangarori daban-daban a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje, muƙamin da ta riƙe daga shekarun 1987 zuwa 1990. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da shirye-shiryen Gidauniyar Ci Gaban Afirka ta Amurka a São Tomé daga shekarun 1988 zuwa 1990.  Bandeira tana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar Democratic Convergence Party-Reflection Group (PCD-GR), ƙungiyar adawa ta farko a ƙasar.  Bayan nasarar da jam'iyyar ta samu a zaɓen shekara ta 1991, Bandeira ta riƙe muƙamin ministar harkokin waje daga shekarun 1991 har zuwa 1993. Bayan da aka naɗa mijinta Norberto Costa Alegre firayim minista, ta sauka daga muƙaminta a gwamnati don ta hau kujerarta ta 'yar majalisa da kuma guje wa rikice-rikicen sha'awa. 

An zaɓi Bandeira a matsayin shugabar PCD-GR a shekarar 1995, ofishin da ta riƙe har zuwa shekara ta 2001.  A shekarar 1996 ta tsaya takarar Shugaban ƙasar, inda ta zo ta uku da kashi 15% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa.  Bandeira ta koyar a Instituto Superior Politécnico da ke São Tomé daga shekarun 2000 zuwa 2002.  A watan Afrilun 2002 aka sake naɗa ta ministan harkokin waje, amma ta yi murabus daga baya a wannan shekarar. Bandeira a halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin Darakta Janar na sabuwar cibiyar Instituto Marítimo e de Administracão Portuaria (Cibiyar Gudanar da Ruwa da Tashoshin Ruwa) da ke São Tomé. 

## Manazarta
Sofia Drake

**Sofia Drake** ta Torp da Hamra (1662 - 16 Satumba 1741) mai filaye ce 'yar ƙasar Sweden. An san ta da wasiƙun da ta yi da mijinta, Laftanar Kanar Jon Stålhammar, a lokacin da ba ya nan a Yaƙin Arewa, da kuma a matsayin *Frun på Salshult* (Matar Salshult) a cikin waƙar Carl Snoilsky ta 1886 mai suna iri ɗaya.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Sofia Drake ga Kanar Johan Christersson Drake na Torp da Hamra da Margareta Klingspor. Ta auri Laftanar Kanar Jon Stålhammar (1659-1708) a shekarar 1689 kuma ta zama uwar 'ya'ya bakwai, huɗu daga cikinsu sun rayu har zuwa lokacin da suka girma. Iyalinsu duka 'yan ƙalilan ne amma suna da wadata. Kamar yadda al'adar yawancin manyan mata 'yan Sweden har zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni na 18, Sofia Drake ta ci gaba da riƙe sunan haihuwarta bayan aure.

A shekara ta 1700, an kira mijinta ya tafi ya yi aiki a Yaƙin Arewa; sai dai wani ɗan gajeren taro a shekara ta 1702, ba za su sake ganin juna ba. Wasiƙun da suka rubuta sun shahara a tarihin Sweden. Idan aka yi la'akari da wasiƙun da suka rubuta, aurensu bai zama kamar auren da aka shirya a wancan lokacin ba. A wani lokaci, mijinta ya tabbatar mata da cewa yana da aminci, bayan ta nuna damuwa game da hakan. A lokacin da mijinta bai nan, an ba Drake alhakin harkokin iyali, yara, gida da kadarorin Salshult. An bayyana ta a matsayin 'yar kasuwa mai daraja, mai ƙarfi da tasiri wadda ba wai kawai ta gudanar da kadarorin cikin nasara ba, har ma ta faɗaɗa su. Ta ci gaba da wannan matsayin bayan ta zama bazawara a shekara ta 1708; babban ɗanta ya mutu a aikin yaƙi yana da shekaru 16 ko 17 kacal a wannan shekarar, yayin da sauran 'ya'yanta maza ba su kai balaga ba tukuna.

A shekarar 1726, Sofia Drake ta ba wa 'yar uwarta Ulrika Eleonora Stålhammar mafaka a matsayin uwar iyali. Stålhammar ta nemi taimakon Drake bayan an fallasa ta a matsayin mace yayin da take aiki a soja. Ta kuma auri wata mata da ke yin shigar maza, wanda hakan babban laifi ne bisa ga dokokin zamani. Drake ta shirya a aika Stålhammar zuwa ga surukar ɗanta da ta mutu a Värmland, ta daidaita da sanya kayan mata sannan ta nemi sassauci. [1] Drake ta yi "tsangwama mai ƙarfi" a madadinta, wanda aka kiyasta ya taimaka wajen yanke wa Stålhammar hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai a shekarar 1729, bayan haka Drake ya ba Maria Lönman, "mijin" Stålhammar, aiki a matsayin mai kula da gida a Salshult, kuma aka mayar da Stålhammar da kanta Värmland. [2] Babban ɗan Sofia Drake da ya rage kuma magajinsa, Otto Fredrik Stålhammar, ya zauna tare da iyalansa a Salshult a shekarar 1732, a lokacin ne za ta miƙa masa ragamar kula da kadarorin. Tana da gidanta a Salshult, amma 'ya'yanta sun karɓi ragamar kula da harkokinta a shekarar 1738, wataƙila saboda raguwar lafiyarta da tsufanta.

## Manazarta

* Larsson, Lars-Olof, På marsch mot evigheten - Svensk stormaktstid i släkten Stålhammars spegel (2007)
* Karolinska kvinnoöden av Alf Åberg. Natur &amp;amp; Kultur
Margareta Gyllenstierna

**Margareta Gyllenstierna af Fogelvik** (kimanin 1689 - 26 Janairu 1740), mace ce mai himma a siyasance a ƙasar Sweden, ta auri Arvid Horn, Shugaban Majalisar Privy Council Chancellery (1710-1719 da 1720-1738) kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan mutane na Zamanin 'Yanci na Sweden.

## Rayuwa
Margareta Gyllenstierna ita ce ta 6 cikin 'ya'ya 10 na Count Nils Karlsson Gyllenstierna (1648-1720) da Anna Christina Gyllenstierna af Björksund (1657-1715): ba a faɗi shekarar haihuwarta ba, amma wataƙila shekara ce ta 1689, domin an haife ta ne tsakanin 'yan'uwanta mata Sidonia (1688-1701) da Charlotta (1690-1695). Kasancewar ita kaɗai ce 'ya mace da ta rayu har zuwa lokacin girma, ita ce magajin manyan gidaje a Småland da Östergötland. Ta auri Horn a aurensa na uku a shekara ta 1710. Tana da 'ya'ya biyar, maza biyu da mata uku.

A shekarun 1720 da 1730, Margareta Gyllenstierna da Arvid Horn sun taka rawa iri ɗaya kamar Magdalena Stenbock da Bengt Gabrielsson Oxenstierna a shekarun 1680 da 1690, da kuma Christina Piper da Carl Piper a shekarun 1700: na ma'aurata da ke aiki a matsayin abokan aikin siyasa. 

Gyllestierna tana cikin mata masu tasiri a siyasa waɗanda suka yi aiki tare da jakadan Faransa Charles Louis de Biaudos de Casteja, wanda aka san shi da yin hulɗa da mata wakilai a Sweden don Faransa, kamar Charlotta von Liewen da Hedvig Catharina Lillie . Casteja sau da yawa tana ambatonta a cikin rahotanninsa kuma tana ambaton tasirinta na mijinta mai ƙarfi ta hanyar bayyana ra'ayoyin siyasa na Count Horn a matsayin ra'ayoyin Count da Countess Horn, kamar dai su ɗan siyasa ne na haɗin gwiwa wanda ke da matsayin Arvid Horn. [1] Margareta Gyllenstierna ta ba Casteja bayanai da bincike game da mutanen da ke cikin matsayi mai kyau a siyasance, kuma ta ƙara karɓar masu roƙo ta hanyar Casteja. [2] Haɗin gwiwar da ke tsakanin Gyllenstierna da Casteja ya lalace bisa ga shirinta lokacin da manufofin Horn suka yi karo da muradun Faransa, kuma ta zaɓi muradun Horn kafin na Faransa. Ta nuna canjin halinta ta hanyar nuna rashin jin daɗi a bainar jama'a lokacin da Casteja ta taya mijinta murna a ɗaya daga cikin nasarorin siyasa da ya samu. [3]

Margareta Gyllenstierna ta ci gaba da yin wasiƙun siyasa da sarauniyar Faransa, Marie Leszczyńska, da tsohuwar sarauniyar Poland, Catherine Opalińska, waɗanda dukkansu aka san su da abokan hulɗar Horn tun lokacin da suka zauna a Sweden a tsakanin 1709-1714. 

## Duba kuma

* Hedvig Mörner, mace mai himma a siyasa a Sweden a shekarun 1720-1730

## Manazarta
Maria Faxell

**Maria Faxell**, wacce aka haifa a *Caméen* (1678-1738), matar wani limamin Sweden ce, wadda, a cewar tatsuniya, ta kauce wa harin da aka kai wa Norway a Sweden a lokacin Babban Yaƙin Arewa .

Maria Faxell ita ce 'yar Benedictus Svenonis Caméen da Christina Carlberg kuma 'yar'uwar Erland Caméen mai daraja. Ta auri Sveno Erlandi Faxell (1661-1728), magajin cocin Köla a Värmland a kan iyakar Norway, a cikin 1695.

A shekarun 1710, a lokacin yaƙin da ke tsakanin Sweden da Denmark-Norway, wata ƙungiyar mayaka ta Norway ta ratsa kan iyaka zuwa Sweden kuma an lura da ita a gonar Gryttve ta cocin Köla da ke Värmland . Limamin cocin ya tafi, kuma tsoro ya ɓarke a cikin cocin. Faxell ya ɗauki makamai ga bayi maza da mata, ya sanya su a cikin matsayi na dabarun kewaye da cocin kuma ya gaya musu su daina ihun yaƙi da harbin bindiga, sannan ya buga ƙararrawa, bayan haka, a cewar tatsuniyar yankin, 'yan Norway sun tsorata da tunanin cewa akwai ainihin sojojin Sweden a kusa.

## Duba kuma

* Brita Olsdotter
* Anna Colbjørnsdatter

## Manazarta
Anna Colbjørnsdatter

**Anna Colbjørnsdatter Arneberg** (1667–1736) jaruma ce 'yar ƙasar Norway wadda aka fi sani da shiga cikin Yaƙin Norderhov ( *slaget på Norderhov* ) a lokacin Babban Yaƙin Arewa . 

Anna Colbjørnsdatter an haife shi ne a Sørum vicarage a Romerike a Akershus, Norway. Ita ce 'yar vicar Colbjørn Torstensen Arneberg (1628-1720) da Catharina Kjeldsdatter Stub (1653-1731) kuma ta auri vicar Jonas Ramus (1649-1718) a 1682. Matarsa ta zama vicar a Norderhov Church ( *Norderhov kirke* )  

Anna Colbjørnsdatter ta shahara da rawar da ta taka a fafatawar da aka yi a Norderhov tsakanin sojojin Norway-Danish da Sweden a ranar 29 ga Maris, 1716. A lokacin da Sweden ta yi wa sansanin sojojin Norway da Denmark da ke Oslo kawanya a shekarar 1716, Charles XII na Sweden ya aika da sojoji 600 a ƙarƙashin Axel Löwen don su binciki ko za su iya kewaye tsaron Norway. Sojojin Sweden sun yi mafaka a cikin tsohon Rectory na Norderhov ( Norderhov prestegård ). Anna Colbjørnsdatter ta karɓe su da abokantaka kuma ta sa su cikin aiki yayin da ta aika surukinta da saƙo zuwa wani sansani da ke kusa da sojojin Norway 200. Rundunar sojojin Sweden ta yi mamaki kuma an kama 130 daga cikinsu. An ruwaito cewa ta sanar da 'yan Norway game da kasancewar sojojin Charles XII na Sweden a farfajiyar cocin da ke Norderhov, inda suka yi mafaka a ciki da kewaye da rectory. Peter Andreas Munch ne ya fara buga taron da kansa a littafinsa, Norges, Sveriges og Danmarks Historie til Skolebrug (1838). [1] [2]

'Yan uwanta, Hans Colbjørnsen (1675–1754) da Peder Colbjørnsen (1683–1738), sun yi nasara a fannin sayar da katako a Fredrikshald . Dukansu sun kasance masu himma wajen jagorantar fafutukar farar hula ga hare-haren Sweden na Fredrikshald a tsakanin 1716 da 1718.  

An nuna ta a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi *Anna Kolbjørnsdatter* na Rolf Olsen, wanda aka rubuta a 1853. 

## Duba kuma

* Brita Olsdotter
* Maria Faxell

## Manazarta
Célia Posser

**Célia Posser** lauya ce kuma 'yar siyasa ce kuma 'yar ƙasar São Tomée. Ta yi aiki a majalisar ministocin Firayim Minista Maria do Carmo Silveira tsakanin shekarun 2005 da 2006 a matsayin Sakatariyar Harkokin Gudanarwa da Sadarwar Jama'a. Bayan ta bar gwamnati, ta ci gaba da aiki a ƙasar don ci gaba da aiki a matsayin lauya kuma an zaɓe ta a matsayin shugabar ƙungiyar lauyoyi ta ƙasa a watan Maris na 2017.

## Aiki
Célia Posser ta yi aiki a matsayin Sakatariyar Harkokin Waje ta Gudanar da Jama'a da Sadarwar Jama'a tsakanin shekarun 2005 da 2006 a Gwamnatin Kundin Tsarin Mulki ta X ta São Tomé da Príncipe a ƙarƙashin Firayim Minista Maria do Carmo Silveira. &#x5B; **'</sup>a lokacin da take <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5D; **' ta fara sayar da gidajen rediyo da talabijin mallakar gwamnati, sannan ta ba su lasisin watsa shirye-shirye guda biyu na farko na gidajen rediyo masu zaman kansu na ƙasar.  Posser ta kuma kasance wakiliyar São Tomé da Príncipe a tattaunawar da ta yi da Angola a shekarar 2005 don inganta haɗin gwiwa a fannin tsaro, sufuri, kamun kifi da sadarwa, da kuma tattauna batun yafe bashin da ake bin Angola na dala miliyan 21.  Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Majalisar Ɗinkin Jaridu ta Jihar Tsibirin (mai kula da harkokin manema labarai).

Posser ta yi aiki a matsayin lauya a São Tomé da Príncipe tun daga shekarar 2007.  Ta kuma kasance shugabar Dandalin Kare Hakkin Ɗan Adam da Jinsi, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta ta kare hakkin ɗan adam da ke ƙasar. Posser memba ce a kungiyar Lauyoyi Mata. 

An zaɓi Posser a matsayin shugabar ƙungiyar lauyoyi ta São Tomé da Príncipe a watan Maris na 2017 na wa'adin shekaru huɗu. Ita ce mace ta biyu da ta riƙe wannan matsayi. Posser ta yi alƙawarin tabbatar da cewa lauyoyin ƙasar za su inganta adalci da kuma kare haƙƙin ɗan adam. An zaɓe ta a wani lokaci mai wahala ga tsarin shari'a, lokacin da aka dakatar da shari'o'in kotu saboda yajin aikin da jami'an kotu da masu gabatar da ƙara suka yi. 

A matsayinta na shugabar ƙungiyar lauyoyi, Posser ta yi gargaɗi game da haɗarin sake fasalin tsarin kotu daga sama zuwa ƙasa da Shugaba Evaristo Carvalho ya yi.  Ta kuma sanar, a ranar 18 ga watan Oktoba, cewa lauyoyi a ƙasar za su daina aikin da suka daɗe suna yi wa talakawan ƙasar São Tomé da Príncipe. Sun yi aiki kyauta a baya kuma sun biya kuɗin ma'aikatan kotu daga kuɗaɗen ƙungiyar lauyoyi. An janye shirin da fatan gwamnati za ta gabatar da ingantaccen tsarin taimakon shari'a don ba da damar samun adalci ga kowa.

## Manazarta
Margareta Elisabeth Roos

**Margareta Elisabeth Roos** ko **Anna Stina Roos** (1696–1772) mace ce 'yar ƙasar Sweden kuma mai gyaran gashi wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin soja a rundunar sojojin ƙasar Sweden ta Charles XII ta Sweden a lokacin Yaƙin Arewa Mai Girma .  

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Margareta Elisabeth Roos (wanda kuma ake kira Anna Stina Roos) 'yar Kyaftin a lardin Ingria na ƙasar Sweden a Karelia . Roos ta shiga aikin soja a shekara ta 1713. Ta yi aiki har zuwa ƙarshen yaƙin, inda aka san ta da jarumtaka kuma aka ɗaukaka ta zuwa matsayin jami'in da ba shi da kwamishina saboda jarumtaka a yaƙi. 

An ruwaito cewa ta yi aiki a cikin rundunar Janar Field Marshall Count Carl Gustaf Dücker (1663–1732). A bayyane yake, ba a taɓa gano ta ba. Ana cewa ta kasance "namiji" a cikin hanyoyinta har babu wanda ya yi zargin cewa mace ce, kuma tana da tsayi kamar namiji. 

Roos ya bar rundunar soja a shekara ta 1721 bayan Yarjejeniyar Nystad inda Sweden ta miƙa Ingria ga Rasha a hukumance. Bayan yaƙin, ta yi aiki na tsawon shekaru uku a matsayin shugabar masu kula da gidan Countess Dücker, Hedvig Vilhelmina Oxenstierna (1682–1758).  Duk da haka, a lokacin rashin lafiya, wata mai hidima ta gano cewa mace ce kuma ta sanar da matar. Sarauniyar ta yarda ta yi shiru, amma ta shirya mata aure da wani jami'i. Jami'in shine John Gustave Irving (1683–1744) wanda shi kansa tsohon soja ne na Yaƙin Arewa .   

An yi auren a shekara ta 1724 kuma ya ɗauki tsawon shekaru ashirin, inda ta haifi aƙalla 'ya'ya biyu. Bayan mutuwar mijinta, ta ƙaura zuwa Köping da ke Västmanland . 'Yarta Margareta Charlotta Irving (1728-1765), ta auri Nils Larsson Sundell (1692-1757), firist a Bro Parish da ke Västmanland. Roos ta shafe mafi yawan shekarunta na ƙarshe tare da 'yarta da surukinta.  A lokacin tsufanta, an ce ta bayar da shaidu da yawa na "hankali namiji da jarumtaka".  

Iyalinta sun ba wa wani firist bayanin aikinta a cikin soja a shekara ta 1843, shekaru 71 bayan mutuwarta. Ana ɗaukar hidimar Margareta Elisabeth Roos a cikin soja a matsayin ba a tabbatar da ita ba, domin an ba da labarin ne kawai bayan mutuwarta.  

Sabanin sauran mata da ke aiki a soja waɗanda suka yi shigar maza, ciki har da Ulrika Eleonora Stålhammar da Lisbetha Olsdotter, ba a taɓa gano Margareta Elisabeth Roos ba kuma an kai ta kotu, don haka ba a ambace ta a cikin kowace takardar kotu ba, kuma ba a san sunan da ta yi amfani da shi a matsayin soja ba, wanda hakan ya sa yake da wuya a tabbatar da shi a cikin takardun soja. Duk da haka, labarin game da ita sananne ne kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wani haƙuri da girmamawa ga mata da ke aiki a matsayin sojoji, aƙalla a cikin da'irar masu kuɗi, duk da cewa an ɗauke shi a matsayin babban laifi ga mace ta yi shigar maza bisa ga dokar zamani. Gaskiyar cewa ta auri namiji bayan hidima kuma ana ɗaukarta a matsayin alama ce cewa yin shigar soja bai rage darajar aure ba. [1]

## Duba kuma

* Brita Hagberg
* Lovisa von Burghausen

## Manazarta
Edita Tenjua

**Edite Ramos da Costa Tenjua** (an haife ta a ranar 31 ga watan Disamba 1972) lauya ce kuma 'yar kasuwa a São Tomé da Príncipe wacce ta kasance Ministar Shari'a daga shekarun 2012 zuwa 2014, ta yi aiki a Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta ƙasar daga shekarun 2019 zuwa 2020. Ta kasance ministar harkokin waje daga shekarun 2020 zuwa 2022.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Tenjua a Afirka a ranar 31 ga watan Disamba 1972  kuma ta ƙaura zuwa Portugal a shekarar 1976.  Tana da digirin shari'a daga Jami'ar Lisbon, ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1999. 

## Aiki
Tenjua ta yi aiki a matsayin lauya a Portugal da Mozambique, kafin ta zama darakta a Sashen Haraji da Shari'a na KPMG Angola.  A shekara ta 2004, ta shiga Hukumar Haɗin Gwiwa ta Nigeria-S. Tomé da Principe a matsayin lauya, tana kula da sashen shari'a daga shekarun 2008 zuwa 2010. 

Tenjua 'yar kasuwa ce kuma tun daga shekarar 2006 ta mallaki TEN JUA Collection Fashion Brand, tare da shaguna a Sao Tome, Najeriya, da Portugal.  Ta kuma rubuta littattafan yara da dama, ciki har da *Tita Catita*.  Tana shugabancin wata gidauniya mai suna El-Shaddai, wacce ke aiki da yara marasa galihu a Afirka don jaddada ilimi. 

Tenjua ta kasance Ministar Shari'a daga shekarun 2012 zuwa 2014.    A shekarar 2019, ta kasance mai ba da shawara kan harkokin man fetur ga Firayim Ministan São Tomé da Príncipe,  kafin a zaɓe ta a Kotun Kundin Tsarin Mulki bayan an kori alkalai uku bayan an yi musu shari'a  bayan da Firayim Minista Patrice Trovoada ya zarge ta da karɓar cin hanci a shari'ar da ta shafi sayar da giyar *Cervejeira Rosema* ga wani kamfanin Angola.  

Firayim Minista Jorge Bom Jesus ya naɗa Tenjua a matsayin ministar harkokin waje a ranar 21 ga watan Satumba, 2020, inda ya maye gurbin Elsa Teixeira Pinto.  

A shekarar 2025, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata goma sha uku da aka zaɓa daga faɗin Afirka a matsayin shugabar "Amujae" ta Cibiyar Shugabancin Mata da Ci Gaba ta Ellen Johnson Sirleaf. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Tenjua Kirista ce. 

## Manazarta
Brita Olsdotter

**Brita Olsdotter** ( ƙasa da 1719) wata tsohuwa ce 'yar ƙasar Sweden wadda, a cewar tatsuniya, ta ceci birnin Linköping daga ƙonewa da sojojin Rasha suka yi a lokacin Yaƙin Arewa Mai Girma.

A shekarar 1719, a shekarun ƙarshe na yaƙin, sojojin Rasha sun mamaye Sweden inda suka ƙone birane da dama tare da washe ƙauyuka a bakin teku. An adana labarai da yawa waɗanda ke bayyana yadda aka ceci wasu ƙauyuka, majami'u da gonaki ta hanyar ayyukan mutum ɗaya da jarumtakarsa.

A lokacin da Rasha ta kai hari a shekarar 1719-1721, sojojin Rasha sun kona Norrköping sannan suka yi tafiya zuwa kudu zuwa Linköping don ƙona wannan birnin. A kan hanyarsu ta zuwa Linköping, sojojin Rasha sun haɗu da wata tsohuwa kuma da alama sun tsaya don su tambaye ta wani abu. Ta yi wani labari ta gaya musu cewa wani ma'aikacin jirgin ya isa Linköping da saƙon cewa jiragen ruwan Birtaniya sun zo ceto Sweden, kuma rundunar sojojin Sweden mai sojoji 20,000 suna kan hanyarsu. Wannan ya sa sojojin Rasha suka juya baya suka guji kai hari kan birnin. Sakamakon haka, an ceto birnin Linköping, wanda a zahiri ba shi da wata kariya kwata-kwata, daga ƙonewa.

Akwai irin waɗannan tatsuniyoyi na gida da yawa. Misali, an ce matar limamin cocin Maria Faxell ta ba wa 'yan aikinta makamai a Värmland, tana kare cocin ta daga hari daga Norway. Amma Brita Olsdotter, daga cikin waɗannan duka, ita ce ta ceci mafi girman wuri daga hari.

## Duba kuma

* Kari Hiran
* Anna Colbjørnsdatter

## Manazarta
Elsa Teixeira Pinto

**Elsa Maria Neto D'Alva Teixeira de Barros Pinto** 'yar siyasa ce ta São Toméan wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Tsaro da Shari'a, da kuma Ministar Harkokin Waje, daga watan Disamba 2018 zuwa watan Satumba 2020.

A shekarun 2003 da 2004 (aƙalla), ta kasance memba a Majalisar Ministoci, a matsayin Sakatariya ta Jiha kan Gyaran Gudanarwa da Gudanar da Jama'a, kuma ta kasance memba a jam'iyyar siyasa ta Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe/Social Democratic Party (MLSTP-PSD).   Ta kasance Ministar Shari'a da Gudanar da Jama'a daga shekarun 2004 zuwa 2006 da kuma a shekarar 2010. 

A cewar Pravda, ta kasance Ministar Tsaron Ƙasa, da kuma Ministar Shari'a, daga shekarun 2008 zuwa 2010.  A cewar Almanack na Whitaker, har yanzu ita ce Ministar Tsaro har zuwa watan Yulin 2011.

A watan Fabrairun 2013, ta kasance Babbar Lauyar São Tomé da Príncipe, lokacin da aka wanke ta daga laifin bayar da cekin dala 15,000 na Amurka ba tare da isasshen kuɗi don biyan kuɗin hayar mota ba a lokacin zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na shekarar 2011. 

A watan Nuwamba na 2015, ta tsaya takara da Aurélio Martins (mai ci a yanzu, kuma tana fafatawa a karo na biyu, bayan ta kasance shugabar jam'iyyar tun 2011)  don jagorantar jam'iyyar siyasa ta Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe/Social Democratic Party (MLSTP-PSD) bayan da masanin tattalin arziki Agostinho Meira Rita ya haɗa takararsa da tata. 

## Manazarta
Anastasia Markovych

**Anastasiya Markovych** (ta mutu a shekara ta 1729), matar Ivan Skoropadsky ce, Hetman na Zaporizhian Host (r. 1708–1722). Ta yi aiki a matsayin amintaccen mai ba da shawara kan harkokin siyasa ga mijinta kuma ta yi tasiri sosai a harkokin gwamnati, musamman dangane da manufofin ƙasashen waje ga Rasha, wanda aka san shi sosai kuma ya zama batun wata karin magana ta Yukren. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Anastasia 'yar Marko Avramovych ce, wani attajiri ɗan asalin Bayahude, wanda ke zaune a Pryluky, daga baya ya ƙaura zuwa Pyriatyn . Iyalinta 'yan Cossack starshyna ne.  Mijin Anastasia na farko shine Kostiantyn Holub, janar bulchuzhny kuma surukin hetman Ivan Samoilovych . A kusan shekara ta 1700 ta zama matar Ivan Skoropadsky ta biyu. Anastasia mai kuzari da iko, tana da babban tasiri ga mijinta kuma tana yawan shiga tsakani a harkokin gwamnatin hetman. Ta amfani da alaƙarta da manyan mutane na Rasha, ta yi aiki don ƙara girman kadarorinta kuma ta tallafa wa danginta da yawa. 

Ɗan'uwan Anastasia Andriy ( c. 1674 - 1747) fitaccen soja ne kuma mai goyon bayan Ivan Mazepa, amma daga baya ya koma bangaren Rasha, wanda aka ba shi manyan kadarori da kuma mukamin Hlukhiv sotnyk . Bayan da aka zargi Andriy da cin hanci da rashawa kuma aka cire shi daga mukaminsa a shekarar 1727, Anastasia ta goyi bayansa a kotu duk da adawar da Danylo Apostol, wanda ya kai ga mayar da shi kan mukaminsa da kuma daga karshe aka daukaka shi zuwa babban ma'ajin kudi . [1]

## Batun
Evdokia, 'yar Anastasia daga aurenta na dunkule, ta zama matar babban alkalin Ivan Charnysh. 'Yarta ta biyu Uliana ta auri Pyotr Tolstoy, kanar na Nizhyn . 

## Manazarta
Helena Kagan

**Helena Kagan** (Ibraniyawa; 25 ga Satumba, 1889, Tashkent, Uzbekistan - 22 ga Agusta, 1978, Urushalima) likita ce, majagaba ce ta Isra'ila a fannin ilimin yara, mai aiki a Urushalima . Ita ce ke da alhakin fadada kiwon lafiya a Isra'ila. Yin aiki a karkashin jagorancin kungiyar Hadassa, ta ba da magani ga tsararraki na yara na cikin gida ba tare da la'akari da addinin iyayensu ba.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Helena Kagan a Tashkent, Uzbekistan,  ga Moshe da Miriam Kagan, ma'aurata Yahudawa daga Riga. Sun kuma haifi ɗa guda mai suna Noach. Lokacin da mahaifinta, injiniya, ya ki tuba zuwa Kiristanci ya rasa aikinsa. Koyaya, iyayenta sun sami damar biyan kuɗin makaranta ga Helena da ɗan'uwanta, kuma sun kammala a shekara ta 1905.

Kagan ta yi karatun piano a Musikschule Konservatorium Bern  da Medicine a Jami'ar Bern,   ta kammala karatu a 1910, kuma ta ƙware a Bern a matsayin Likitan yara.

A shekara ta 1936, Kagan ya auri Emil Hauser, mai kunna violin wanda ya kasance memba na Budapest String Quartet kuma ya kafa Palasdinu Conservatory of Music a Urushalima. Kagan ya mutu a ranar 22 ga watan Agusta, 1978. 

## Ayyukan likita

A cikin bazara na shekara ta 1914, Kagan, ya koma Urushalima. Ba ta iya samun lasisi don yin aikin likita ba, ta yanke shawarar buɗe asibiti a gidanta, tana koyar da matasan Larabawa da Yahudawa su zama ma'aikatan jinya da masu juna biyu.

A shekara ta 1916, bayan da hukumomin Ottoman suka kori likitocin maza biyu na ƙarshe daga birnin, kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen hana annobar kwalara, an ba Kagan lasisi na girmamawa kuma ya fara aiki a wani karamin asibitin yara, ya zama Likitan yara na farko a kasar kuma likitan mata ne kawai a Daular Ottoman, wanda ke gudanar da asibitin a matsayin shugaban reshen likitan yara har zuwa 1925. Bayan wannan, ta fara aiki a 1925 a Gidan Yara na Yara Larabawa a Tsohon Birnin Urushalima, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin darektan likita har zuwa 1948. Har ila yau, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa *Histadrut Nashim Ivriot* (Kungiyar Mata ta Ibrananci), wanda ya zama reshe na gida na WIZO .

Kagan ya kafa kungiyar Isra'ila Pediatrics Association a 1927. [1] A cikin wannan shekarar, ta buɗe mafaka ga yara marasa gida, da kuma cibiyar kiwon lafiya a Tsohon Birnin Urushalima don uwaye masu aiki, wanda ya kasance magajin waɗanda aka sani a yau da Tipat Halav.[2][3] A shekara ta 1936, ta kafa sashen ilimin yara na Asibitin Bikur Cholim a Urushalima, wanda ta jagoranci har zuwa shekara ta 1975. A shekara ta 1947, an zabe ta memba na Kwamitin Amintattun Jami'ar Ibrananci, ta zama mataimakiyar shugabarta a shekara ta 1965.[4]

## Kyaututtuka da karbuwa
An ba ta lambar yabo ta Isra'ila a shekara ta 1975  don gudummawa ta musamman ga al'umma da jihar a cikin sabis na al'umma.  Sashen kula da yara na Asibitin Bikur Holim da cibiyar al'umma a Katamonim, Urushalima, suna ɗauke da sunanta tun 1962  da 1968 bi da bi. A shekarunta na baya, Kagan ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Ma'aikatar Lafiya yayin da take ci gaba da aikin ba da shawara kan yara a gida.

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin masu karɓar kyautar Isra'ila
* Kula da lafiya a Isra'ila

## Manazarta
Rahila Katznelson-Shazar

Rachel Katznelson-Shazar (Ibraniyawa), wanda aka fi sani da Rachel Shazar, (24 ga Oktoba 1885 - 11 ga Agusta 1975) ya kasance mai aiki a cikin ƙungiyar Zionist. Mijinta shine Zalman Shazar, Shugaban kasa na uku na Jihar Isra'ila .

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi **Rachel Katznelson** (daga baya Shazar) a shekara ta 1885 (ko mai yiwuwa 1888) a garin Babruysk, sannan a Daular Rasha, ga dangin Yahudawa na gargajiya. 'Yan uwan Katznelson sune Avraham Katznel son, daga baya ya sanya hannu kan Sanarwar 'yancin Isra'ila, Joseph Katznel Son, mai bin Ze'ev Jabotinsky wanda ke aiki a cikin ayyukan shige da fice na Irgun, da Reuben Katznelsen, wanda ya shiga ƙungiyar Yahudawa kuma ya zama sajan Joseph Trumpeldor. Reuben shi ne mahaifin Shulamit Katznelson da Shmuel Tamir .

Ta kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Rasha tare da girmamawa tana da shekaru 18. Wannan ya ba ta damar zuwa jami'a, wanda ke buɗewa ne kawai ga karamin kashi na al'ummar Yahudawa. An yarda da ita a Jami'ar St. Petersburg don nazarin adabi da tarihi. Ta kuma yi karatu a Kwalejin Nazarin Yahudawa a St. Petersburg, inda ta sadu da mijinta na gaba, Zalman Shazar - wanda aka sani da Shneur Zalman Rubashov - wanda ta auri a shekarar 1920.

Katznelson ta yi hijira zuwa Ottoman Palestine a 1912 kuma tana aiki a cikin kungiyoyin Zionist da yawa, bayan da ta shiga ƙungiyar Labor Zionist a 1905 a garinsu.

## Yunkurin jama'a da siyasa
A shekara ta 1916, an zabe ta zuwa Kwamitin Al'adu na farko na Kungiyar Ma'aikata, tare da Berl Katznelson da Yitzhak Tabenkin (duka biyu kuma sun fito ne daga Babruysk), kuma sun yi aiki tare da su don inganta ilimin ma'aikata. Daga baya aka zabe ta a matsayin memba na kwamitin al'adu na jam'iyyar Achdut Ha'avodah kuma, a 1924, na Histadrut . A duk rayuwarta, ta kasance mai aiki tare da Histadrut da jam'iyyar Mapai, kuma ta yi ayyuka da yawa na jama'a. Ta kuma taimaka wa mijinta a cikin ayyukansa daban-daban na jama'a a matsayin memba na Knesset, ministan gwamnati, memba na hukumar zartarwa ta Yahudawa, kuma a ƙarshe a matsayin Shugaban Isra'ila daga 1963 zuwa 1973.

Katnzelson-Shazar ta mutu a shekara ta 1975, kuma an binne ta tare da mijinta a Har Herzl a Urushalima.

## Kyaututtuka da karbuwa

* A shekara ta 1946, an ba Katznelson-Shazar Kyautar Brenner .
* A shekara ta 1958, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Isra'ila, a kimiyyar zamantakewa.
* A shekara ta 1968, ta sami lambar yabo ta Yakir Yerushalayim (Mutumin da ya dace na Urushalima). 

## Manazarta
Shulamit Katznelson

**Shulamit Katznelson** (Ibraniyawa; 1919-1999) ya kasance malamin Isra'ila ne kuma wanda ya kafa Ulpan wanda ya nemi kawo Yahudawa da Larabawa tare ta hanyar nazarin harshe.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Shulamit Katznelson a Geneva, Switzerland, a ranar 17 ga watan Agusta, 1919, ga wani fitaccen dangin siyasa. Mahaifiyarta, Batsheva Katznelson, memba ce ta Knesset, kuma kawunta, Zalman Shazar, ita ce shugaban Isra'ila na uku. Mahaifinta, Dokta Reuven Katznelson, an kuma san shi sosai saboda bincikensa a fannin kiwon lafiyar jama'a da aikin zamantakewa. A shekara ta 1921 ta yi hijira tare da iyalinta zuwa Falasdinu. Ta halarci makarantar sakandare da kwalejin malamai a Urushalima, kuma ta sami digiri na biyu a aikin zamantakewa a Jami'ar Michigan a Ann Arbor . 

A shekara ta 1951 ta kafa Ulpanim Akiva, makaranta yaren zama a Netanya, Isra'ila . Yana daya daga cikin uku na farko a Isra'ila.[1] Ta shafe kusan shekaru 50 tana jagorantar makarantar, inda aka ƙarfafa Yahudawa da Larabawa su san juna, suyi magana da yaren juna, kuma su koyi game da tarihin juna da al'adun juna.[2] Dalibai da yawa daga bangarori daban-daban sun haɓaka abota ta rayuwa a makarantar.[3]

Ta mutu daga ciwon zuciya a gidanta a Netiya, Isra'ila, a ranar 6 ga watan Agusta, 1999. 

## Kyaututtuka da karbuwa
Don kokarin da ta yi na inganta dangantakar Yahudawa da Larabawa, ta sami lambar yabo mafi girma a kasar, Kyautar Isra'ila, a shekarar 1986. Ta kuma sami Kyautar Kakakin Knesset a 1983, kuma an zabi ta don Kyautar Nobel ta Zaman Lafiya a 1992 da 1993. 

## Manazarta
Ora Kedem

**Ora Kedem** (Ibraniyawa; 2 ga Yulin 1924 - 23 ga Fabrairu 2026) masanin kimiyyar Isra'ila ne wanda aka haife shi a Austriya wanda ya kasance farfesa a Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Weizmann da Jami'ar Ben-Gurion ta Negev, kuma mai karɓar Kyautar Isra'ila ta 1961 don kimiyyar rayuwa. 

A shekara ta 2005, an zabe ta a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Injiniya ta Kasa don gudummawa ga thermodynamics na hanyoyin sufuri marasa juyawa da ci gaban hanyoyin rabuwa don maganin ruwa da ruwa mai guba.

Kedem ya mutu a watan Fabrairun 2026, yana da shekaru 101.

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin masu karɓar kyautar Isra'ila

## Manazarta
Ada Karmi-Melamede

**Ada Karmi-Melamede** (Ibraniyawa; an haife ta a shekara ta 1936) sanannen masanin gine-gine Isra'ila ce.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Karmi-Melamede a ranar 24 ga Disamba, 1936, a Tel Aviv, a Mandate Palestine (yanzu Isra'ila). 

Ta yi karatu a Makarantar Gine-gine ta Architectural Association a Landan daga 1956 zuwa 1959 kuma a Technion - Cibiyar Fasaha ta Isra'ila daga 1961 zuwa 1962, an ba ta digiri a 1963. Ta koyar a Jami'ar Columbia (1969-1982), Jami'ar Yale (1985, 1993), da Jami'ar Pennsylvania (1991).

Ta kafa Ada Karmi-Melamede Architects a 1985 a Tel Aviv .

A shekara ta 1986 ita da ɗan'uwanta Ram Karmi sun lashe gasar kasa da kasa don tsara filin Kotun Koli na Isra'ila, wanda aka buɗe a shekara ta 1992.  Mai sukar gine-gine na *New York Times* Paul Goldberger ya rubuta cewa "hasken al'adun gine-ginen Bahar Rum da mutuncin doka a nan sun yi aure da alheri mai ban mamaki".

Ita ce batun fim din Ada: My Mother the Architect (2024). 

## Ayyuka
Cibiyar Ziyarar Ramat Hanadiv, Gidan Tunawa da Ramat Hanidiv, 2008, Zikhron Ya'akov, Isra'ila 

Ginin Kotun Koli, Urushalima, Isra'ila, 1992.

## Manazarta