Bulmer Hobson

**John Bulmer Hobson** (14 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1883 - 8 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1969) ɗan jam'iyyar Republican ne. Ya kasance babban memba na Irish Volunteers da Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) kafin Easter Rising a shekarar 1916.  Hobson ya rantse Patrick Pearse a matsayin memba na IRB a ƙarshen 1913.  Ya yi tsayayya kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya hana Easter Rising . Hobson ya kuma kasance shugaban ma'aikatan Fianna Éireann, wanda ya taimaka wajen kafawa.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Hobson a 5 Magdala Street, Belfast, ga Benjamin Hobson, mai sayar da kayan masarufi daga County Armagh, da Mary Ann Bulmer, wanda ya fito daga Ingila. Koyaya, kafofin da yawa sun ambaci wurin haihuwarsa a matsayin Holywood, County Down.

A cikin 1901, iyalin suna zaune a Hopefield Avenue a Belfast,  kafin su koma gari Ballycultra, a wajen Holywood, a shekara ta 1911. 

Hobson yana da "tsananin tsananin" Quaker, a cewar Charles Townshend, mai yiwuwa ya kara tsanantawa ta hanyar aikawa zuwa Makarantar kwana ta abokai a Lisburn. Hobson daga baya ya yi murabus bisa ka'ida daga Quakers jim kadan bayan harin bindiga na Howth na 1914, yayin da Quakers ke adawa da duk wani nau'in tashin hankali.

An haifi mahaifin Bulmer a Armagh, kodayake daga baya ya zauna a Monasterevin, County Kildare, kuma an ce shi mai mulkin gida ne na Gladstonian a siyasa, yayin da mahaifiyarsa ta kasance mai tsattsauran ra'ayi a Ingila. A shekara ta 1911 an ruwaito cewa tana cikin wani procession na suffragist a London kuma ta daɗe tana cikin ayyukan al'adu na Belfast. Ta ba da lacca, mai taken "Wasu Ulster Souterrains" a matsayin wakilin filin Belfast Naturalists a 1901 a taron shekara-shekara na Ƙungiyar Burtaniya a Leicester. Tare da mawaki Alice Milligan, ta shirya kungiyar mata ta Irish, wanda ƙungiyar karatun gida ta haɗu a gidan Hobsons. Hobson ya fara ne yana da shekaru 13 don yin rajista ga mujallar 'yan kasa, *Shan Van Vocht*, wanda Milligan ya buga. Ba da daɗewa ba ya shiga Gaelic League da Gaelic Athletic Association . 

## IRB da Masu Sa kai
An rantsar da Hobson a cikin IRB a cikin 1904 ta hanyar Denis McCullough, shugaban su a Belfast.  Tare suka kafa Dungannon Clubs, wanda manufarsa ita ce murnar nasarar Masu sa kai na 1782 a maido da majalisar dokoki ta Ireland,  kodayake sun kasance "buɗe gaba" ga IRB.  Masu sa kai na 1782 sun kasance 'yan bindiga masu dauke da makamai waɗanda nasarorin da suka samu, sun ba da shawarar, na iya ba da darussan koyarwa. Bayanan farko na Dungannon Club ya karanta: "Ireland da muke nema don ginawa ba Ireland ce ga Katolika ko Furotesta ba, amma Ireland ce ga kowane Irish Ba tare da la'akari da ka'idarsa ko aji ba. A karkashin jagorancin Denis McCullough, Hobson ya zama daya daga cikin manyan mutane a cikin ci gaba da farfado da IRB a Ulster, tare da Seán Mac Diarmada, Patrick McCartan da Ernest Blythe.

## Shekaru na baya
Hobson ya rubuta ayyukan tattalin arziki da yawa, yana rubutu daga hangen nesa na Keynesian. Ya yi imanin cewa farfadowar tattalin arziki ya zama dole don shawo kan masu haɗin gwiwa su zama wani ɓangare na United Ireland. Hobson ya yi fatan kawar da talauci kuma ya kafa 'League for Social Justice'. 

Hobson yana da sha'awar yaren Esperanto, bayan mutuwarsa an sami ƙamus da littafin Esperanto a cikin ɗakin karatu.