Ranko Bugarski

Ranko Bugarski ( Serbian Cyrillic ; 1 Janairu 1933 - 13 Agusta 2024) masanin harshe ne na Serbia, ilimi kuma marubuci

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Bugarski a ranar 1 ga Janairu 1933 a Sarajevo, Yugoslavia, inda ya kammala karatunsa na sakandare kuma ya kammala karatunsa a cikin harsunan Ingilishi da Jamusanci da wallafe-wallafe a Faculty of Philosophy, Jami'ar Sarajevo (1957). Bayan ya yi aiki na tsawon shekaru uku a matsayin malamin Ingilishi a Cibiyar Harsunan Waje a garinsu, Sashen Turanci, Faculty of Philology, Jami'ar Belgrade ya nada shi a matsayin mataimaki na koyarwa (1961), don ci gaba ta hanyar matsayi na ilimi zuwa matsayi na Farfesa na Ingilishi (1980). A shekarar 1988 ya kuma zama Farfesa na Janaral Linguistics a wannan cibiyar, a wani sabon sashe wanda ya taka rawa wajen kafawa. Ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 2000 amma ya ci gaba da aikin ilimi ta hanyoyi daban-daban na shekaru da yawa bayan haka.

Ya yi karatun digiri na biyu a Kwalejin Jami'ar London tare da Farfesa Randolph Quirk a matsayin mai ba shi shawara (1962/63) kuma malami ne mai ziyara a Jami'ar Columbia, New York a kan tallafin karatu na Ford Foundation (1966/67). Bayan ya sami Ph.D. digiri daga Jami'ar Belgrade (1969) ta hanyar kare takardar shaida a kan tsarin tsarin Ingilishi, ya shafe shekara ta ilimi 1969/70 a matsayin malami na Fulbright a Jami'ar Chicago kuma malami mai ziyara a fannin ilimin harsuna a Kwalejin Jihar Illinois ta Arewa maso Gabas, Chicago. Baya ga kwasa-kwasa ko laccoci guda ɗaya a kusan dukkanin jami'o'in tsohuwar Yugoslavia, ya kasance baƙo malami a wasu jami'o'i 24 na Turai, Amurka da Australia (London, Oxford, Paris-Sorbonne, Leiden, Kraków, Vienna, Munich, Barcelona, New York-Columbia, California-Berkeley, Chicago, Cornell, Sydney-Macna da sauransu).

Bugarski ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Agusta 2024, yana da shekaru 91. 

## Ayyuka da liyafar
A matsayin mai bincike, malami da marubucin ya kasance mai aiki a cikin harsunan Ingilishi da na harshe na yau da kullum, bambancin harshe da kuma amfani da harshe, zamantakewar zamantakewa, manufofin harshe da tsarawa, harshe dangane da ainihi, al'adu, kabilanci da kishin kasa, halayen harshe, harshen da aka rubuta da karatu, kalmomi da littafi mai tsarki, fassarar ka'idar, tarihin harshe, tarihin harshe 1, tarihin harshe, tarihin harshe, tarihin harshe, tarihin harshe, harshe  Manipulations na harshe da kalaman ƙiyayya na lokacin yaƙi, harshen Serbia na yanzu, da dai sauransu. Shi ne marubucin wasu littattafai ashirin, da littattafai goma da aka gyara, da tarin kasidu, surori na littattafai da bita a cikin mujallu na duniya, da majalissar dokoki da sauran kundila na gama-gari, galibi a cikin Ingilishi ko Serbo-Croatian amma wasu cikin Jamusanci, Faransanci, Sipaniya da wasu harsuna da dama. (Don jerin zaɓi duba ƙasa). Daga cikin abubuwan da ya ba da gudummawa akwai bincikensa na farko a kan ƙa'idodin Ingilishi, wanda aka yarda da shi azaman jigo da madaidaicin madaidaicin ilimin harshe, ra'ayinsa na alaƙar hoto azaman ƙari na hasashen Sapir-Whorf na alaƙar harshe, rawar da ya taka a ma'anar da tsara amfani da ilimin harshe a matsayin horo na ilimi na ƙasa da ƙasa a cikin Yugoslavia- Polyc. daidaitaccen harshe na harshe amma harsunan ƙasa da yawa a siyasance, da aikinsa na majagaba na baya-bayan nan akan haɗaɗɗen ƙamus a Serbian.  

Ya halarci dozin dozin Yugoslavia, Turai da majalisu na duniya, taron tattaunawa da sauran taruka, sau da yawa a matsayin mai shirya ko gayyata mai magana. Shi ne mai shirya ilimi na taron kasa da kasa guda biyu a Jami'ar London kuma edita (tare da Celia Hawkesworth) na ayyukansu: *Tsarin Harshe a Yugoslavia* (Columbus, OH: Slavica, 1992. Pp.&nbsp;233.  ) da *Harshe a Tsohuwar Ƙasar Yugoslavia* (Bloomington, IN: Slavica, 2004. Pp.&nbsp;325.  ). Ya shirya mujallolin ilimi kuma, a matsayin mai fassara da edita, ya gabatar da jama'ar Yugoslavia ayyukan wasu manyan masana ilimin harshe ( Chomsky, Sapir, Whorf ) da kuma ilimin harshe na zamani ( nahawu-haɓaka nahawu, ilimin zamantakewa, ilimin harshe ). A sa'i daya kuma, ya sanar da jama'ar kasa da kasa game da sauyin yanayi na yare a kasar Yugoslavia da kuma kasashen da suka gaje ta, tare da mai da hankali na musamman kan rusa Serbo-Croatian a hukumance. A cikin 2017, ya sanya hannu kan Sanarwa akan Harshen gama gari na Croats, Serbs, Bosniaks da Montenegrins .   

## Sanannen matsayi
Co-kafa kuma shugaban farko, Yugoslav Association of Applied Linguistics; Mataimakin shugaban kasa, Association Internationale de Linguistique Appliquée (AILA);  Shugaban, Societas Linguistica Europaea (SLE); memba mai dacewa, Cibiyar Bincike akan Multilingualism (Brussels); wakilin ƙasa, Soziolinguistische Bibliographie Europäischer Länder, a cikin littafin shekara *na Sociolinguistica* (Tübingen/Berlin); Kwararre na Majalisar Turai akan Harsunan Yanki ko Ƙananan (Strasbourg); Memba mai ba da shawara, mujallolin *Multilinga* (Berlin / New York) da *Tarihi na Linguistica*, tare da jerin littattafan da ke hade *da Nazarin Harshen Harsuna* (Amsterdam/Philadelphia); Memba na Hukumar Yugoslavia, Ƙungiyar Turai don Nazarin Turanci (ESSE).

## Sauran karramawa
Memba, Academia Scientiarum et Artium Europaea (Salzburg);  Shugaban Mai Girma, Ƙungiyar Masu Magana da Ingilishi na Serbia; Shugaban kasa mai girma, Ƙungiyar Harsuna ta Sabiya; Memba mai girma, Ƙungiyar Mahukuntan Sabiya. An girmama shi da uku festschrifts: (1) *Tarihi da Ra'ayoyin Nazarin Harshe: Takardu a Girmama Ranko Bugarski*  (eds O.Mišeska Tomić, M.Radovanović), Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2000. Pp.&nbsp;305. ISBN&nbsp; ; (2) *Jezik, društvo, saznanje - Profesoru Ranku Bugarskom od njegovih studenata [Language, Society, Cognition: For Professor Ranko Bugarski from his Students* ] (eds D.Klikovac, K.Rasulić), Beograd: Filološki fakultet, 2003. Pp.&nbsp;300. ISBN&nbsp; ; (3) *Jezik u upotrebi - primenjena lingvistika u čast Ranku Bugarskom/Language in Use: Applied Linguistics in Honor of Ranko Bugarski* (ed. V.Vasić), Novi Sad/Beograd: Društvo za primenjenu lingvistiku Srbi201, da dai sauransu., Pp.&nbsp;382. ISBN&nbsp; (Yaren Serbian/Croatiyanci da Ingilishi na harsuna biyu). Littattafansa *Jezik i lingvistika* (1972) da *Jezik u društvu* (1986) sun sami kyaututtuka na shekara-shekara, kuma a cikin 2011 an ba shi taken "Vitez poziva" [Knight of his call] ta Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru-LEX.

## Labarai

### Littattafai
Yawancin sha biyun farko na farko ne aka buga ta gidajen wallafe-wallafe daban-daban, bayan haka duk sun taru a cikin bugun Ranko Bugarski's Selected Works (Belgrade: Čigoja štampa/XX vek, 1996–1997):

* *Predlozi* over, under, above, under *i* beneath u savremenom engleskom jeziku [The prepositions *over, under, above, below* and *under under* *in the contemporary English* ] (1969, 2nd ed. 1996). Pp. vi+331. ID=47287308. /Ph. D. Dissertation, tare da taƙaitaccen Turanci/.
* *Jezik i lingvistika* [Language and linguistics] (1972, 4th ed. 2003). Pp.&nbsp;301. ID=49205772.
* *Lingvistika o čoveku* [Linguistics on man] (1975, 3rd ed. 1996). Pp.&nbsp;218. ID = 48322828.
* *Jezik u društvu* [Language in Society] (1986, 3rd ed. 2004). Pp.&nbsp;261. ID=49207052.
* *Lingvistika u primeni* [Linguistics a aikace] (1986, 3rd ed. 2007). Pp.&nbsp;216. ID=48473612.
* *Uvod u opštu lingvistiku* [Gabatarwa ga ilimin harshe na gabaɗaya] (1989, 8th ed. 2013). Pp.&nbsp;269. ID=48323084.
* *Ka jedinstvu lingvistike* [Zuwa haɗin kai a cikin ilimin harshe] (1997). Pp.&nbsp;284. ID=56979468.
* *Jezik u kontekstu* [Language in context] (1997). Pp.&nbsp;298. ID = 57560588.
* *Jezici* [harsuna] (1993, 6th ed. 2010). Pp.&nbsp;144. ISBN&nbsp; . /Fassarar Makidoniya, Skopje, 2001/.
* *Pismo* [Rubuta] (1996, 3rd ed. 2010). Pp.&nbsp;190. ISBN&nbsp; . /Fassarar Makidoniya, Skopje, 2001/.
* *Jezik od mira do rata* [Language from peace to war] (1994, 3rd ed. 1997). Pp.&nbsp;142. ID=529292. /Fassarar Greek, Athens, 2011/.
* *Jezik u društvenoj krizi* [Harshe a cikin rikicin zamantakewa] (1997). Pp.&nbsp;168. ID=57789708.

Wannan saitin ya biyo bayan wasu littattafai tara, duka ban da na ƙarshe a jerin da Biblioteka XX vek na Belgrade ya buga:
## Manazarta