Women, Race and Class

**Women Race and Class** littafi ne na 1981 na masanin kimiyya kuma marubuciya Angela Davis . Ya ƙunshi nazarin mata na Marxist game da jinsi, kabilanci da aji. Littafin na uku da Davis ta rubuta, ya rufe tarihin Amurka daga cinikin bayi da ƙungiyoyin abolitionism zuwa ƙungiyoyin 'yancin mata waɗanda suka fara a cikin shekarun 1960.

## Tarihi
An haifi Angela Davis a Alabama, Amurka, a cikin 1944 a matsayin babba cikin yara huɗu a cikin dangin baƙar fata na tsakiya. Ta kasance mai fafutuka tun tana ƙarama, wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare ta da iyayen mata waɗanda suka yi adawa da Dokokin Jim Crow, kuma suka shiga cikin kungiyoyin gurguzu da Marxism-Leninism. Ta halarci Jami'ar Brandeis, tana karatun Faransanci. Daga baya ta yi karatu a karkashin masanin falsafa Herbert Marcuse kuma ta shiga Jam'iyyar Black Panther da Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Amurka a ƙarshen shekarun 1960. Bayan kammala digiri na biyu, ta fara koyar da falsafar a Jami'ar California, Los Angeles . An kore ta akai-akai saboda imanin siyasa kuma an daure ta na tsawon shekaru biyu saboda sayen bindigogi daga baya mai juyin juya hali Jonathan P. Jackson ya yi amfani da su, an sake ta a 1972 kuma daga baya aka wanke ta.

Ayyukan 1981 Women, Race and Class shine littafi na uku na Davis. Ya biyo bayan If They Come in the Morning: Voices of Resistance (1971), tarin rubuce-rubucen da Davis ta shirya, gami da gudummawar da ta tattauna abubuwan da ta samu a kurkuku, da Angela Davis: An Autobiography (1974), wanda ya kasance game da ƙungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama da tasirin ta akan akidar ta.

## Bayani game da shi
Mata, Race da Class tarin litattafai ne 13 game da yunkurin 'yancin mata na Amurka daga shekarun 1960 har zuwa lokacin da aka buga littafin, da kuma game da bautar a Amurka. Ta yi amfani da nazarin Marxist ga dangantakar aji da tseren zuwa jari-hujja a Amurka. Davis ta soki cewa yunkurin 'yancin mata ya gudana ne da kuma ga mata masu tsakiya, ba tare da mata baƙar fata ba, wasu mata masu launi da sauran zamantakewa ba.   Ta yi irin wannan tsokaci game da 'yancin mata. Davis ya yi sharhi game da shiga fararen mata a cikin yunkurin abolitionism. Littafin ya kuma bayyana Motsi na kulob din mata.

Davis ta binciki rawar tattalin arziki na baƙi mata bayi. Ta rubuta cewa mata baƙar fata a ƙarƙashin bautar suna da irin wannan gwagwarmaya ga maza baƙar fata, duka ƙungiyoyin biyu suna raba aikin aiki na hannu da shiga cikin gwagwarmayar abolitionist. Koyaya, ana sa ran mata suyi aikin gida, kamar mata na wasu kabilu. Da yake shiga cikin nazarin Marxist, Davis ya yi jayayya cewa 'yancin mata ya kamata ya kunshi mata da ke shiga cikin aikin albashi da aikin gida da ke zama na zamantakewa. Ta yi imanin cewa fyade laifi ne na iko, yana ba da misalin fararen maza da ke yi wa baƙi fyade. Davis ya bayyana rawar da kabilanci ke takawa a cikin fyade da kuma ainihin nau'in baƙar fata. Ta kuma yi sharhi game da launin fata da hana haihuwa, ta haɗa ƙungiyoyin haƙƙin zubar da ciki zuwa Eugenics Society da kuma yin sharhi game le zubar da mata baƙi da Puerto Rican. 

## Bincike
Bernice McNair Barnett na mujallar Race, Gender & Class ya rubuta cewa, a cikin Women, Race and Class, Davis na ɗaya daga cikin malaman farko da suka yi bincike kan kabilanci, jinsi da aji. Ita da sauran mata masu launi marubuta a wannan lokacin sun haifar da ci gaban irin wannan bincike da bincike a cikin ilimi. A wasu lokuta ana kiran filin da "ƙabilar haɗin kai, jinsi, da karatun aji". Masu bita na Race & Class sun kwatanta littafin da Ain't I a Woman?  (1981) ta hanyar ƙugiyoyi, kamar yadda duka biyu suka fara da kwatantawa tsakanin mata masu fata da baƙar fata a cikin abolitionism da ƙungiyoyin sufuri na Amurka.

## Karɓuwa
Valerie A. Batts na mujallar Women & Therapy ta yaba da littafin a matsayin "asusun da aka rubuta sosai" na ƙungiyoyin mata a Amurka Ta yaba da rubuce-rubucen Davis a matsayin "bayyanawa kuma mai iya karantawa sosai". Anne Laurent na *Washington Post* ta amince da cewa littafin "an rubuta shi da kyau" dangane da tarihin farko, amma ta soki shi saboda bayar da "ƙananan sabbin bayanai" da kuma kasancewa "da ban sha'awa" a tarihin zamani. Ta yaba da "albarka ta gaskiya" littafin amma ta sake duba cewa "tattara rubutun da ba su dace ba". Masu bita na Race & Class sun soki cewa wasu tambayoyin "ba a amsa su ba", musamman game da nazarin Marxist wanda ya watsar da tattaunawar dangantakar mata don amfani da darajar da musayar darajar a cikin tattalin arzikin jari-hujja, kuma ba tare da lissafin gaskiyar cewa "subordination ga" aikin albashi ba zai zama abin so ba.

## Manazarta

## Ƙarin karantawa

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