Tunku Abdul Rahman

**Tunku Abdul Rahman** (Fabrairu 1903 - 6 Disamba 1990), wanda aka fi sani da Tunku, ɗan siyasan Malaysia ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na farko na Malaysia daga 1957 har zuwa 1970. Ya kuma kasance Babban Minista Tarayyar Malaya daga 1955 zuwa 1957, shugaban UMNO daga 1951 zuwa 1971, kuma shugaban Jam'iyyar Alliance daga 1952 zuwa 1971. A matsayinsa na jagora ga mulkin kai, Tunku ya kasance tsakiya ga sanarwar 'yancin kai ta Malaysia da kuma kirkirar Malaysia a 1963. An san shi sosai a matsayin mahaifin da ya kafa kasar kuma ya kasance Firayim Minista na biyu mafi tsawo.

Yarima ne na Kedah Sultanate, Tunku ya yi karatu a Malaya kuma daga baya ya kammala karatu daga Kwalejin St Catharine, Cambridge. Bayan ya dawo, ya shiga aikin gwamnati na mulkin mallaka, yana aiki a matsayin jami'in gundumar kafin ya zama mai gabatar da kara a shekarar 1949. Ya shiga siyasa ta hanyar lashe Zaben shugabancin UMNO a 1951 kuma ya kafa Jam'iyyar Alliance tare da Kungiyar Sinawa ta Malaysia da Majalisa ta Indiya a shekara mai zuwa. Alliance ta sami nasara sosai a Babban zaben 1955, bayan haka Tunku ya zama babban minista. Ya yi ƙoƙari ya tattauna game da kawo ƙarshen gaggawa ta Malayan ta hanyar Baling Talks, amma ya sami nasarar samun 'yancin kai ga Malaya ta hanyar Yarjejeniyar London a 1956. Ya ayyana 'yancin kai a shekara ta 1957 kuma ya lashe sabon aiki a Babban zaben 1959, kafin ya kula da kafa Malaysia a 1963, wanda ya hada da Singapore, Sabah da Sarawak . Ya jagoranci Alliance zuwa wani nasara a 1964 amma ya kara damuwa da rikice-rikicen kabilanci, musamman saboda tabarbarewar dangantakar da ke tsakanin su da Singapore.

A shekara ta 1965, biyo bayan tayar da hankali tsakanin UMNO da People's Action Party (PAP) karkashin jagorancin Lee Kuan Yew, ya yanke shawarar fitar da Singapore daga tarayyar, wanda aka tsara ta hanyar Yarjejeniyar Independence of Singapore 1965, tare da cikakken rabuwa da ya fara aiki a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta 1965. Ya lashe karo na huɗu a Babban zaben 1969, amma raguwar mafi rinjaye na Alliance ya biyo bayan tashin hankali a lokacin Abin da ya faru a ranar 13 ga Mayu, wanda ya haifar da gaggawa ta kasa. Tunku ya sauka a matsayin Firayim Minista a shekarar 1970 kuma Abdul Razak Hussein ya gaje shi. A lokacin da ya yi ritaya, ya ci gaba da aiki a wasanni da harkokin Islama na kasa da kasa, yana aiki a matsayin shugaban Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Asiya kuma a matsayin babban sakatare na farko na kungiyar hadin kan Islama. Ya mutu a Kuala Lumpur a ranar 6 ga Disamba 1990, yana da shekaru 87.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Tunku Abdul Rahman a ranar 8 ga Fabrairu 1903 a Alor Setar, Kedah,  ɗa na bakwai kuma ɗaya daga cikin yara 45 na Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah, mai mulki na 26 na Kedah Sultanate . Mahaifiyarsa, Cik Menyelara (Nueang Nandanagara), ta fito ne daga zuriyar Thai kuma ita ce ta shida ta Sultan. Ita 'yar Luang Naraborirak (Kleb Nandanagara), jami'in gundumar a Thailand ce. Kedah a lokacin ya sha wahala daga barkewar kwalara da zazzabin cizon sauro, kuma 'yan uwan Tunku da yawa sun mutu saboda rashin lafiya. Shi da kansa ya sha wahala akai-akai daga zazzabin cizon sauro har zuwa lokacin da ya tashi zuwa Ingila a shekarar 1920.

Tunku ya fara karatunsa a makarantar firamare ta Alor Setar Malay kafin ya shiga Kwalejin Sultan Abdul Hamid ta Turanci. Daga baya aka tura shi da 'yan uwansa zuwa Makarantar Debsirin a Bangkok, wanda ke nuna dangantakar iyali da Thailand. A shekara ta 1915, ya koma Malaya kuma ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Makarantar Penang Free School, daya daga cikin tsofaffin makarantun harshen Ingilishi a yankin. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 17, an ba shi tallafin karatu na Gwamnatin Jihar Kedah don neman ilimi mafi girma a Ingila, kuma ya tashi zuwa Ingila jim kadan bayan haka.

Da farko yana fama da karatunsa, Tunku ya sadu da mai kula da shi a ofisoshin wakilan Crown, waɗanda suka shirya shi ya koma Cambridge kuma ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin Basil Atkinson, mai kula da kansa. A karkashin jagorancin Atkinson, an shirya shi don jarrabawar shiga jami'a, wanda aka sani da "Little Go", inda ya sami manyan maki a duk takardu kuma ya wuce gaba ɗaya. An shigar da shi a Kwalejin St Catharine, Jami'ar Cambridge, inda ya karanta doka da tarihi, ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a 1925. Shekaru biyar bayan tashi na farko daga Malaya, ya koma gida yana da shekaru 23. Kodayake ya zo tare da takardun shaida na ilimi, babban ɗan'uwansa da Regent na Kedah, Tunku Ibrahim, bai gamsu da zaɓin da ya yi na karatu ba kuma ya umurce shi da ya koma Ingila don ya cancanci shiga Bar na Ingila. A wannan lokacin, Tunku ya taimaka wajen kafa Malay Society of Great Britain, ya nada Abdul Rahman na Negeri Sembilan (daga baya Yang di-Pertuan Agong na farko) a matsayin shugaban kasa, yayin da yake aiki a matsayin sakataren girmamawa da kuma babban mai shirya.

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin masu kafa ƙasa

## Manazarta