Rashin amincewa da fasaha

**Sukar fasaha** wani bincike ne na mummunan tasirin fasahar masana'antu da fasahar dijital . Ana jayayya cewa, a cikin dukkan al'ummomin masana'antu masu ci gaba (ba wai kawai na jari-hujja ba), fasaha ta zama hanyar mamayewa, iko, da cin zarafi,  ko fiye da haka gabaɗaya wani abu da ke barazana ga rayuwar ɗan adam. Wasu daga cikin fasahar da masu suka masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ke adawa da su na iya haɗawa da kayayyakin gida na yau da kullun, kamar firiji, kwamfutoci, da magunguna .  Duk da haka, sukar fasaha ta zo ta hanyoyi daban-daban.

## Bayani
Wasu marubuta kamar Chellis Glendinning da Kirkpatrick Sale suna ɗaukar kansu Neo-Luddites kuma suna da'awar cewa ci gaban fasaha ya yi mummunan tasiri ga ɗan adam. Aikinsu ya mayar da hankali kan neman ma'ana daga canjin fasaha, musamman kokawa da tambayar "yadda kayan aiki da wadatar su ke canzawa da canza yanayin rayuwar yau da kullun."  Misali, Ellul ya dage cewa lokacin da mutane suka da'awar cewa fasaha kayan aiki ne na 'yanci ko hanyar cimma ƙaddarar tarihi ko aiwatar da aikin allahntaka, yana haifar da ɗaukaka da tsarkake Fasaha ta yadda ta zama abin da ke ba da ma'ana da daraja ga rayuwa maimakon tarin kayan aiki kawai.  Wannan ya sake fitowa daga masu sukar magana waɗanda ke ambaton yadda tattaunawar fasaha ke lalata cibiyoyi da daidaikun mutane waɗanda suka kafa waɗannan cibiyoyi saboda manufa da ikonta na ayyana matsayi na zamantakewa . 

A mafi tsananin yanayi, sukar fasaha na haifar da nazarin fasaha a matsayin wanda zai iya haifar da bala'i. Misali, mai fafutuka Naomi Klein ta bayyana yadda tsarin jari-hujja ke amfani da fasaha wajen jajircewarta ga "koyarwar girgiza", wadda ke haifar da jerin rikice-rikice don a iya tara riba mai yawa.  Akwai masu ra'ayin ka'ida waɗanda suka kuma ambaci rikicin kuɗi na 2008 da kuma bala'o'in Chernobyl da Fukushima don tallafawa sukarsu.  Suka kuma mayar da hankali kan takamaiman batutuwa kamar yadda fasaha - ta hanyar robotics, atomatik, da software - ke lalata ayyukan mutane da sauri fiye da yadda take ƙirƙirar su, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga yawan talauci da rashin daidaito. 

A shekarun 1970 a Amurka, sukar fasaha ta zama tushen wani sabon hangen nesa na siyasa da ake kira anarcho-primitivism, wanda masu tunani kamar Fredy Perlman, John Zerzan, da David Watson suka gabatar. Sun gabatar da ka'idoji daban-daban game da yadda ta zama al'umma mai masana'antu, ba jari-hujja ba, wanda shine tushen matsalolin zamantakewa na zamani. An haɓaka wannan ka'idar a cikin mujallar  a shekarun 1970 da 1980, kuma Makarantar Frankfurt, Situationist International, Jacques Ellul da sauransu sun yi tasiri a kanta.

Sukar fasaha ta yi karo da falsafar fasaha, amma yayin da na ƙarshen ke ƙoƙarin kafa kansa a matsayin fanni na ilimi, sukar fasaha a zahiri aikin siyasa ne, ba wai kawai ga ilimi ba. Ya bayyana a fili a cikin neo-Marxist ( Herbert Marcuse da Andrew Feenberg ), ecofeminism ( Vandana Shiva ) da kuma a cikin ci gaba bayan ( Ivan Illich ) 

## Duba kuma

* Ka'idar mahimmanci
* Zurfin ilimin halittu
* Sukar ci gaba
* *Rashin Inganta Fasaha*
* Makarantar Frankfurt
* Tarihin kimiyya da fasaha
* Luddite
* Ilimin likitanci
* Sauyin yanayi
* Ka'idar bayan ci gaba
* Kimiyya, fasaha da al'umma
* Sukar zamantakewa
* Tasirin zamantakewa na ka'idar juyin halitta
* Fasaha da al'umma

## Nassoshi

## Ƙarin karatu

* Wendy Hui Kyong Chun, *[[Control and freedom|Control and Freedom]]* (2006)
* Donna J. Haraway, *Manifesto na Cyborg* (1985)
* Gilles Deleuze, *[[Postscript on the Societies of Control|Rubutun Rubuce-rubuce kan Ƙungiyoyin Gudanarwa]]* (1992)
* Lewis Mumford, *Fasaha da Wayewa* (1934)
* Layla AbdelRahim, *Adabin Yara, Gidauniyar Domestication, da Zamantakewa: Labarai game da Wayewa da Jeji*, Routledge, takarda ta 2018  ; Hardback na 2015 
* Michael Adas, *Injinan a Matsayin Ma'aunin Maza: Kimiyya, Fasaha, da Ra'ayoyin Mulkin Yammacin Turai*, Cornell University Press 1990
* Braun, Ernest (2009). *Ci gaban Marasa Aiki: Alƙawarin Fasaha Marasa Aiki*, Routledge.
* Jacques Ellul, *Ƙungiyar Fasaha*, Trans. John Wilkinson. New York: Knopf, 1964. London: Jonathan Cape, 1965. Rev. ed.: New York: Knopf/Vintage, 1967. tare da gabatarwa daga Robert K. Merton (farfesa a fannin zamantakewa, Jami'ar Columbia).
* Jacques Ellul, *The Technological Bluff*, Trans. Geoffrey W. Bromiley. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1990.
* Andrew Feenberg, *Fasaha Mai Canza Canji.* *Ka'idar Mahimmanci da aka sake dubawa*, Oxford University Press, bugu na 2 2002,  - Feenberg ya bayar da "mafarin da ya dace ga siyasar fasaha ta adawa da jari-hujja"  don shawo kan abin da yake ɗauka a matsayin "masifar" ta Ellul, Heidegger, da sauran masu goyon bayan ka'idojin fasaha "masu mahimmanci".
* Martin Heidegger, *Tambayar da Ta Shafi Fasaha, da Sauran Makaloli*, B&T 1982, 
* Huesemann, Michael H., da Joyce A. Huesemann (2011). ''Technofix: Dalilin da yasa Fasaha Ba Za Ta Cece Mu Ko Muhalli Ba'', Sabbin Masu Buga Labarai na Ƙungiyar, Gabriola Island, British Columbia, Kanada,  .
* Derrick Jensen da George Draffan, *Barka da zuwa Injin: Kimiyya, Kulawa, da Al'adun Gudanarwa*, Kamfanin Buga Littattafai na Chelsea Green, 2004, 
* Mander, Jerry (1992). *A cikin Rashin Tsarki: Rashin Fasaha da Rayuwar Al'ummar Indiya*, Littattafan Sierra Club.
* Postman, Neil (1993). *Fasaha: Mika Al'adu ga Fasaha*, Na da.
* David Watson, *Against the Megamachine*, Brooklyn: Autonomedia, 1998,  - Rubutun taken yana samuwa akan layi anan
* Joseph Weizenbaum, *Ƙarfin Kwamfuta da Dalili na Ɗan Adam: Daga Hukunci zuwa Lissafi*, WHFriman & Co Ltd, Sabon Bugu na 1976
* Langdon Wanda Ya Yi Nasara, *Fasaha Mai Zaman Kanta: Fasaha-Ta Fita Daga Ikon Gudanarwa A Matsayin Jigo A Tunanin Siyasa*, MIT Press 1977, 
* Peter Zelchenko (1999). Binciken Madadin Karin Magana . *Jagorancin Ilimi* 56(5), shafi na.&nbsp;78–81.
* Theodore John Kaczynski, *Juyin Juya Halin Fasaha: Dalili da Yadda*, Fitch & Madison, 2016

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Tarin labaran farko na anarcho-primitivist da aka buga a ''Fifth Estate''
* S. Ravi Rajan - Kimiyya, Jiha da Tashin Hankali: An Sake Duba Wani Sukar Indiya
* Wikiversity: Iyakar damar fasaha