Yunkurin Sarvodaya Shramadana

The **Sarvodaya Shramadana Movement** (Sinhala) ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke mulkin kanta a Sri Lanka, wacce ke ba da cikakkun shirye-shiryen ci gaba da warware rikici ga ƙauyuka. Ita ce kuma babbar ƙungiya ta 'yan asalin ƙasar da ke aiki kan sake ginawa daga tsunami da girgizar ƙasa ta Tekun Indiya ta 2004 ta haifar. An kafa ta a shekarar 1958 ta AT Ariyaratne lokacin da ya ɗauki "ɗaliban makarantar sakandare arba'in da malamai goma sha biyu daga Kwalejin Nalanda Colombo a kan "gwajin ilimi" zuwa wani ƙauye da ba a yarda da shi ba, Kathaluwa, kuma ya taimaka wa mazauna ƙauyen su gyara shi.

Ya zuwa shekarar 2006, ma'aikatan Sarvodaya da shirye-shirye suna aiki a ƙauyuka kusan 15,000 (daga cikin 38,000) a Sri Lanka. Ƙungiyar ta kiyasta cewa 'yan ƙasa miliyan 11 ne ke cin gajiyar ɗaya daga cikin shirye-shiryenta. Ƙungiyar tana rarraba kuɗi daga wani bankin ajiyar kuɗi na rupees biliyan 1.6. 

Ƙungiyar Sarvodaya ta ƙunshi ƙungiyar Global Ecovillage Network . 

## Asalin Ma'anar
Wannan motsi ya dogara ne akan ƙa'idodin Buddha da Gandhi . Mohandas Gandhi ne ya ƙirƙira shi, kalmomin *sarvodaya* na nufin 'jin daɗin kowa'. Kalmar *shramadana* na nufin 'kyauta ta aiki'.  Gabaɗaya, sunan 'Sarvodaya Shramadana' yana nufin 'jin daɗin kowa a cikin aikinmu na gama gari'.  

## Tarihi
A shekarar 1958, ƙauyen Rodiya da aka yi watsi da shi, wanda ke zaune a cikin waɗanda ba sa jin daɗin jama'a da mabarata, ya sami taimako ta hanyar gyaran gidaje, haƙa rijiyoyi da bandakuna, da kuma kafa lambunan al'umma; an kuma ƙaddamar da shirye-shiryen ilimi da taimakon aikin kai. Wanda ya shirya taron shine DA Abeysekera, ma'aikaciyar Sashen Ci Gaban Karkara ta Sri Lanka, wacce yayin da take neman mafita ga irin wannan al'umma ta ƙirƙiro kalmar *Shramadana*, ma'ana 'kyauta ta aiki', don bayyana irin taimakon da ake tsammani daga masu sa kai. Ƙauyen Kathaluwa ne zai zama farkon wanda zai ci gajiyar wannan aikin haɗin gwiwa.

Ahangamage Tudor Ariyaratne, matashin malami a Kwalejin Nalanda da ke Colombo, ya jagoranci ƙungiyar malamai da ɗalibai waɗanda suka shiga cikin abin da ya kira "gwaji na ilimi." Nasarar "gwaji", wadda aka maimaita a wasu ƙauyuka, da kuma ci gaba da kanta daga Ma'aikatar Ci Gaban Karkara, ta haifar da ƙirƙirar babbar ƙungiyar da ke haɓaka ci gaba a Sri Lanka - *Ƙungiyar Sarvodaya Shramadana* . 

## Bukatu guda goma na asali
Masu fafutuka karkashin jagorancin Ariyaratne sun yi ƙoƙarin biyan ainihin buƙatun mutanen ƙauyen. Don haka, sun gudanar da bincike a ƙauyuka 600, suna roƙon mazauna su lissafa buƙatunsu guda goma mafi mahimmanci, daga mafi gaggawa zuwa mafi ƙaranci. Binciken ya haifar da jerin buƙatun kamar haka: 

# Muhalli mai tsafta
# Isasshen wadataccen ruwa
# Tufafi
# Abinci mai gina jiki
# Mafaka
# Kula da lafiya
# Sadarwa
# Man fetur da haske (makamashi)
# Samun damar samun ilimi
# Aikin al'adu da na ruhaniya 

## Shirin
Shirin Sarvodaya ya fara ne da gayyatar wani ƙauye don tattaunawa kan abin da ake buƙata da kuma yadda za a iya yin sa. Yana ci gaba da gudana a matakai ta hanyar ƙirƙirar majalisar ƙauye, gina makaranta da asibiti, kafa shirye-shiryen iyali, ƙirƙirar damar tattalin arziki don tattalin arzikin ƙauyen ya zama mai dorewa, kafa bankin ƙauye, da kuma bayar da taimako ga wasu ƙauyuka. Bugu da ƙari, Sarvodaya yana ɗaukar nauyin zuzzurfan tunani na jama'a inda dubban mabiya addinin Buddha, Hindu, Musulmai da Kiristoci ke yin zuzzurfan tunani tare kan jin daɗin junansu, ta amfani da zuzzurfan tunani na Buddha Brahmavihara (halin ban mamaki), waɗanda aka yarda da su a cikin dukkan addinai.

Taimako yana farawa da gangan da canjin halin mutanen ƙauyen, kuma biyan buƙatunsu na asali mataki na uku ne kawai. Ƙungiyar ta dage kan fahimtar ainihin buƙatun al'umma mai zaman lafiya da dorewa .  AT Ariyaratne ta jaddada cewa Sarvodaya yana magana ne game da farkar da mutane da kuma al'umma. 

Matakai biyar masu zuwa sune: 

# Ci gaban kayayyakin more rayuwa na tunani,
# Ci gaban kayayyakin more rayuwa da ilimi,
# Gamsar da buƙatun ɗan adam na asali da ci gaban hukumomi,
# Samun kuɗi da ƙirƙirar ayyukan yi da kuma wadatar kai,
# Rabawa da ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka.

Fusion – Sarvodaya ICT4D Movement shine shirin ICT for development (ICT4D). A matsayin martani ga matsalolin rarrabuwar kawuna na dijital da ke tasowa a yankunan karkara na Sri Lanka, Sarvodaya ya fara kafa cibiyoyin sadarwa na gwaji a shekarar 1997. Wannan ya haifar da shirin cibiyar sadarwa ta farko a kasar. Cibiyoyin Bayanai na Kauye (wanda aka fi sani da VICs) ɗakunan karatu ne na karkara, waɗanda shugabannin matasa na ƙauye suka kafa a matsayin shirye-shiryen ƙauyen 'Zero Cost', waɗanda ke shirya al'ummomin karkara marasa galihu da marasa ilimi don zamanin bayanai. Daga cikin VIC 172 da aka fara tun farkon 2000, akwai kimanin VIC 21 da suka kammala karatunsu a cikin nau'ikan cibiyoyin sadarwa na kansu a tsakiyar 2008.

A watan Satumba na 2012, Etisalat Sri Lanka, wani kamfanin wayar salula tare da hadin gwiwar Sarvodaya-Fusion, sun bude *Etisalat Android Village Hub* . Shirin yana da nufin hada al'ummomin karkara ta amfani da kwamfutar hannu ta Android, wanda kamfanin ya raba wa iyalai 20 a wasu kauyuka na tsawon makonni biyu da kuma gudanar da horo ta intanet. 

Marubuci John P. Clark ya yi jayayya cewa ƙungiyar Sarvodaya Shramadana masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ne a cikin ƙungiyarsu da manufofinsu, yana mai lura da wahayinsu daga Mahatma Gandhi, masanin falsafar rashin da'a. 

## Rage ambaliyar tsunami
A ranar 26 ga Disamba, 2004, da ƙarfe 9 na safe, raƙuman ruwa sun mamaye garin Hambantota na masunta. Daraktan ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyin noma mai ɗorewa a Sarvodaya, Nandana Jayasinghe, yana da nisan kimanin awa ɗaya daga bala'in, a Thanamalwila kusa da wurin shakatawa na ƙasa na Udawalawe . Bayan awanni 6 ya isa garin da manyan motoci uku masu nauyin tan 10 cike da abinci, ruwa, barguna da sauran hanyoyin rayuwa. A cikin kwanaki masu zuwa, ya shirya jigilar kayayyaki na gaba, da kuma gidaje na wucin gadi ga jama'a, tare da sauran masu sa kai a cikin wannan motsi, sun taimaka wajen tsaftace da sake tsara garin bayan bala'in. Ƙungiyar ta shiga cikin taimaka wa yankin shekaru da yawa bayan tsunamin.  Tsunamin ya lalata ƙauyuka 226 na ƙungiyar Sarvodaya. 

Jimillar ƙungiyar ta gina gidaje 1104, bandakuna 5593, rijiyoyi 2274, na'urorin takin shara 2450, tankunan ruwa 185 da kuma wuraren wasanni 85 ga waɗanda ambaliyar tsunami ta shafa.  Ƙungiyar Sarvodaya ta yi ƙoƙarin neman taimako daga waɗanda suka amfana da ita da kansu, domin su ji alhakin kansu kuma su shiga cikin sake gina rayuwarsu. 

## Manazarta