Herbert Macaulay

**Olayinka Herbert Samuel Heelas Badmus Macaulay** (14 ga watan Nuwamba,shekara ta 1864 zuwa 7 ga  watan Mayun shekarar  1946) ɗan Najeriya ɗan kishin ƙasa ne, ɗan siyasa, ɗan safiyo, injiniya, gine-gine, ɗan jarida, mawaƙa kuma yawancin ƴan Najeriya suna ɗauka a matsayin wanda ya assasa kishin Najeriya.

## Farkon rayuwa
An haifi Herbert Macaulay a Broad Street, Legas, a ranar 14 ga watan  Nuwamban shekarar 1864 ga dangin Thomas Babington Macaulay da Abigail Crowther. Iyayensa ‘ya’yan mutanen ne da aka kama daga kasar Nijeriya a yanzu,da sojojin Birtaniya na yammacin Afirka suka sake tsugunar da su a kasar Saliyo, da kuma wadanda suka dawo Najeriya a yau. Thomas Babington Macaulay yana daya daga cikin 'ya'yan Ojo Oriare yayin da Abigail Crowther diyar Bishop Samuel Ajayi Crowther ce, zuriyar Sarki Abiodun. Thomas Babington Macaulay shi ne ya kafa makarantar sakandare ta farko a Najeriya, Makarantar Grammar CMS,Legas.

## Ilimi
Macaulay ya fara makarantar firamare a shekarar 1869 kuma daga shekarar 1869 zuwa shekara ta  1877 ya yi karatunsa a makarantar St Paul’s Breadfruit da ke Legas da kuma CMS Faji School,Legas. Daga shekara ta  1877 zuwa watan Oktoba shekarar 1880, ya halarci Makarantar Grammar CMS,Legas don karatun sakandare.Ya kasance dalibi a makarantar lokacin da mahaifinsa ya rasu a shekara ta 1878. A cikin  shekara ta 1880, ya shiga sana'ar kawun mahaifiyarsa kuma ya yi tafiya ta kasuwanci da mishan ta kogin Neja yana ziyartar Bonny,Lokoja, Gbebe da Brass. Bayan ya tafi makarantar mishan na Kirista,ya ɗauki aiki a matsayin mataimaki na limamai da kuma fihirisa a Sashen Ayyukan Jama'a, Legas. Bayan haka,tare da goyon bayan gwamnatin mulkin mallaka,Macaulay ya bar Legas a ranar 1 ga watan Yuli,shekara ta  1890 don ci gaba da horo a Ingila. Daga shekara ta 1891 zuwa shekarar 1894 ya karanci aikin injiniyan farar hula a Plymouth, Ingila, kuma ya kasance almajiri na GD Bellamy,mai binciken unguwa da injiniyan ruwa a Plymouth. A shekara ta 1893, ya zama digiri na biyu na Royal Institute of British Architects, London. Macaulay ya kasance ƙwararren mawaƙi ne wanda ya sami takardar shedar kida daga Kwalejin Trinity, London da kuma takardar shaidar wasan violin daga Kwalejin Music International ta London. 

## Sana'a

Bayan ya dawo Legas a watan Satumba na shekarar 1893, ya koma aiki da aikin mulkin mallaka a matsayin mai binciken Landan Crown. Ya bar aikin a matsayin mai duba filaye a watan Satumba na shekarar 1898 saboda rashin jin dadin mulkin Birtaniya na Turawan mulkin mallaka na Legas da matsayin yankin Yarbawa da yankin Neja a matsayin masu kare martabar Burtaniya. Wasu mawallafa irin su Patrick Dele-Cole sun lura da cin zarafi na zarge-zargen ofis (wanda manyansa na Biritaniya suka yi)da kuma neman rigima ta sirri wanda ya rutsa da murabus din Macaulay a matsayin mai binciken Tallafin Crown. Kristin Mann, yana ambaton aika aika gwamnatin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya,ya lura cewa Macaulay ya nuna rashin gaskiya,ta hanyar amfani da "matsayinsa na Surveyor of Crown Lands don taimakawa abokai su sami tallafin kambi da kuma tsananta makiya ta hanyar ba da ƙasarsu ga wasu". Ta kara rubuta cewa Macaulay "ya sami tallafin kambi a karkashin sunayen karya sannan ya sayar da su a kan riba". A cikin watan  Oktoban shekarar 1898,ya sami lasisi don yin aiki a matsayin mai binciken.A matsayinsa na safiyo, tsare-tsare da kimarsa sun hada da gidan EJ Alex Taylor da ke kan titin Victoria,gidan Henry Carr a Tinubu,gidan Akinola Maja da Doherty Villa a dandalin Campos.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Macaulay ya auri Caroline Pratt, 'yar wani Sufeton 'yan sanda na Afirka a cikin watan Disamban shekarar 1898. Auren su ya ƙare a watan Agustan shekarar  1899 bayan mutuwar Caroline a lokacin haihuwa kuma Macaulay an ruwaito cewa ya yi alƙawarin ba zai sake yin aure ba. 

Duk da yake Macaulay bai sake yin aure a Cocin ba, yana da abokan hulɗa da suka haɗa da Ms.da Souza wadda ta koma Legas, gidan kakaninta, daga Brazil kuma ta rayu a cikin shekarunta 90, daga wanda ya haifi 'ya'ya da yawa, kuma.a matsayin abokan hulɗa waɗanda ba su haifa ba (Stella Davies Coker, 'yar JPL Davies da Sarah Forbes Bonetta, sun zauna tare da Macaulay daga shekara ta 1909 har zuwa mutuwarta a shekarar 1916.

Sun haifi 'ya mace mai suna Sarah Abigail Idowu Macaulay Adadevoh. An ba Sarah Abigail sunan kakarta ta wajen uwa Sarah Forbes Bonetta da kakarta Abigail Crowther).An ruwaito Macaulay shine dan Najeriya na farko da ya mallaki mota.

Ko da yake daga dangin Anglican masu ibadaMacaulay ya rungumi al'adun addinan Afirka na asali, ya kasance mai camfi,kuma ya shiga aikin sihiri. Takardunsa na sirri sun ƙunshi bayanin kula daga masu duba da masu duba tare da umarni game da haram, duba,sadaukarwa, da sauran ayyukan asiri. Macaulay ya kasance memba na Association of Babalawos ( Ifa priests) na Legas.

Macaulay ya kasance babban abokin zamantakewa a Legas ta Victoria. Ya shirya kide-kide da shirye-shiryen fina-finai(Yana daga cikin ’yan Najeriya na farko da suka kawo fina-finai a Najeriya ta hanyar gayyatar kamfanonin fina-finai zuwa Legas don baje kolin fina-finai) a gidansa (mai suna "Kirsten Hall" bayan abokinsa na jakadan Jamus Arthur Kirsten)a ranar 8. 

Titin Balbina in Yaba. An yi wa Macaulay lakabi da "Wizard of Kirsten Hall" saboda ikonsa na samun bayanan sirri.Macaulay ya gudanar da hanyar sadarwar masu ba da labari wanda ya biya da kyau.Sau da yawa, mintuna daga tarurrukan gwamnatin mulkin mallaka za a yi ta leka a jaridu da Macaulay ke da alaƙa da su. Ana iya samun dukkan sassan fayilolin gwamnatin mulkin mallaka da telegram a cikin *Takardun Macaulay* a sashin Africana na Laburaren Jami'ar Ibadan. 

## Manazarta