open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Yawon Buɗe Ido a Sudan ta Kudu

Sudan ta Kudu, kasa ce dake arewa maso gabashin Afirka, ta zama kasa mai cin gashin kanta a shekarar 2011. Sudan ta Kudu ita ce kasa ta biyu mafi girma a duniya a gudun hijirar dabbobi saboda haka ana daukarta a matsayin wuri mai kyau na yawon buɗe ido,  amma rashin samar da ababen more rayuwa ga yawon bude ido da yakin basasa ana daukar kalubalen da **masana'antar yawon buɗe ido a Sudan ta Kudu ke** fuskanta. 

## Masana'anta
Masana'antar yawon buɗe ido tana da ƙaramin kaso na GDP na Sudan ta Kudu, kashi 1.8% kawai ya zuwa Shekarar 2013. A cewar wani rahoto na Majalisar tafiye-tafiye da yawon bude ido ta duniya, ana sa ran gudummawar tafiye-tafiye da yawon buɗe ido a GDP zai karu zuwa 4.1% nan da shekara ta 2024.  Filin jirgin saman Juba, filin jirgin sama mafi girma a Sudan ta Kudu, ya fadada daga babu kamfanonin jiragen sama na kasa da kasa da ke aiki a cikinsa a shekarar 2005 zuwa 32 da ke aiki a can a shekarar 2015. Sudan ta Kudu ba ta da otal din taurari biyar. Ƙasar tana da otal masu tauraro biyu ko uku. 

## Nasiha
Ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka ta gargadi 'yan kasar Amurka game da ziyartar Sudan ta Kudu saboda ci gaba da tashe tashen hankula a kasar. Kamar yadda wata shawara da aka wallafa a watan Disamba 2015, ofishin jakadancin Amurka a Sudan ta Kudu ba zai iya ba da duk wani taimako da ake bukata ga 'yan kasar Amurka a ciki da wajen Juba saboda karancin ababen more rayuwa da kuma barazanar tsaro a wajen ofishin jakadancin.  Shawarwari na Kanada da na Burtaniya sun kuma ba da shawarar a guji duk wani balaguron tafiya zuwa Sudan ta Kudu da yankunan kan iyaka, sun kuma yi gargadi game da gazawarsu na ba da taimako ga 'yan kasarsu a Sudan ta Kudu.  

## Abubuwa masu jan hankali

Babu wani wurin da UNESCO ta amince da shi a Sudan ta Kudu. Duk da haka, Sudan ta Kudu tana da wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa 14 / wuraren kariya da animal migration na biyu mafi girma a duniya. A cewar *Times of Malta*, "Sudan ta Kudu tana da animal migration na biyu mafi girma a duniya, ƙaura mai ban sha'awa na kututture, amma babu wani yawon bude ido da zai gan shi".  Boma National Park yana da girma kamar Ruwanda.  Sauran manyan wuraren shakatawa sun hada da, Bandingilo National Park, Lantoto National Park, Nimule National Park, Shambe National Park, Southern National Park, da dai sauransu. Hakanan akwai wuraren ajiyar wasa da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da Ez Zeraf Game Reserve, Ashana Game Reserve, Bengangai Game Reserve, Bire Kpatuos Game Reserve, Chelkou Game Reserve, Fanyikang Game Reserve, Juba Game Reserve, Kidepo Game Reserve, Mbarizunga Game Reserve, da Numatina Reserve Game Reserve. da sauransu.

Sudan ta Kudu kuma an santa da babban yankin fadama na Sudd, yanki 320&nbsp;km fadi da 400&nbsp;km tsayi. An san shi a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi girma dausayi a duniya kuma ana iya samun kusan nau'in tsuntsaye 400 a can.   

## Duba kuma

* Manufar Visa na Sudan ta Kudu
* Namun daji na Sudan ta Kudu
* Al'adun Sudan ta Kudu

## Manazarta
Justin bieber

**justin bieber**Justin Drew Bieber an haife shi Maris 1, 1994).
 
  Mawaƙin Kanada ne. An san shi don mawakan sa mai narke da kuma tasirin duniya a cikin shahararrun kiɗan zamani.[3] Scooter Braun ya gano Bieber kuma ya sanya hannu tare da RBMG Records a cikin 2008, yana samun karɓuwa tare da sakin sa na farko na waƙa bakwai na EP My World (2009) kuma ba da daɗewa ba ya kafa kansa a matsayin tsafi matashi.
Ndidi Nwuneli

**Ndidi Nwuneli** yar kasuwan zamantakewa, yar Najeriya ce, marubuciya, kuma wanda ya kafa LEAP Africa, ƙungiya mai zaman kanta wacce ke baiwa matasan Afirka dabarun jagoranci da horar da kasuwanci. Nwuneli ya kafa LEAP Afirka a cikin 2002 da nufin ƙarfafawa da ƙarfafa sabon ƙarni na shugabannin Afirka da masu kawo canji. Ta hanyar shirye-shirye da tsare-tsare daban-daban, LEAP Afirka ta tallafa wa dubban matasa wajen haɓaka ikon jagoranci da tunanin kasuwanci. Nwuneli shahararriyar mai ba da shawara ce ga ci gaban matasa kuma ta sami lambobin yabo da yawa don ayyukanta na kasuwancin zamantakewa da kuma gudummawar da take bayarwa ga yanayin kasuwancin Najeriya da Afirka. 

## Manazarta
Yadda ake miyar lalo

**YADDA AKE MIYAR LALO**
yawanci an fi shuka lalo a kasar hausa

## ABUBUWN DA AKE BUKATA
ganyen lalo
attarugu 
albasa
daddawa
ruwa
manja

## YADDA AKE YI
1 A markada kayan miya a aje gefe
2 a daka daddawa a aje gefe
3 a yanka lalo a wanke
4 a sa nama a tukunya a sa kayan miya da maggi sai a barshi yayi kamar minti 30 
5 sai a zuba lalo, daddawa da manja

6 bayan minti 15 sai a sabke

ana iya shan miyan da tuwon shinkafa 

## Manazarta
El Anatsui

**El Anatsui** mashahurin mai sassaƙa ne na duniya wanda keɓaɓɓen kayan masarufi da ban sha'awa ya burge masu sauraro a duk duniya. Ya shahara saboda amfani da kayan da aka jefar da su, musamman ma kwalabe, wadanda ya ke hada su da kyau don samar da manyan kaset. Ayyukan zane-zane na Anatsui suna ƙalubalantar ra'ayoyin al'ada na sassaka da bincika jigogi na amfani, haɗin kai, da kuma asalin Afirka. An baje kolin aikinsa a manyan gidajen tarihi da gidajen tarihi a duniya, wanda ya ba shi yabo da karramawa.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi El Anatsui a Anyko, a yankin Volta na Ghana. Karan cikin ’ya’yan ubansa 32, Anatsui ya rasa mahaifiyarsa kuma kawunsa ya rene shi. Kwarewarsa ta farko game da fasaha shine ta hanyar zana haruffa akan allo. Ya yi horo a Kwalejin Fasaha, Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha, da ke Kumasi a tsakiyar Ghana. Ɗaya daga cikin tasirinsa na farko shine sculptor Vincent Akwete Kofi.

Aikinsa na sassaka da sassaƙa itace ya fara ne a matsayin abin sha'awa don raya al'adun da ya girma da su. Ya fara koyarwa a Jami’ar Najeriya, Nsukka, a shekarar 1975, kuma ya kasance mai alaka da kungiyar Nsukka.

An ɗauki shekaru da yawa don nemo masu fasaha waɗanda za su iya mamaye fitaccen wuri a kewayen duniya yayin zabar zama a wajen manyan biranen. William Kentridge ya yi suna daga Johannesburg, kuma El Anatsui ya mamaye duniya yayin da yake zaune yana aiki a garin Nsukka na jami'ar Najeriya.

## Nuni
Aikin Anatsui ya karu a hankali, ya fara daga kauyensa Nsukka kafin ya koma wurare irin su Enugu da Legas, daga karshe ya koma kasashen duniya. A cikin 1990, Anatsui ya fara nuna wasan farko mai mahimmanci a gidan kayan tarihi na Studio a Harlem, New York. Har ila yau, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin mawaƙa guda uku da aka ware a baje kolin "Mawakan Afirka na Zamani: Canjin Al'adu" na 1990, wanda aka tsawaita tsawon shekaru biyar. Tun daga lokacin Anatsui ya nuna aikinsa a duniya, ciki har da gidan kayan tarihi na Brooklyn (2013);  Cibiyar Fasaha ta Clark (2011);  Jami'ar Rice Art Gallery, Houston (2010);  Babban Gidan Tarihi na Art, New York (2008-09);  National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institute, Washington, D.C. (2008);  Gidan Tarihi na Fowler a UCLA (2007);  Venice Biennale (1990 da 2007); Gidan Gallery na Hayward (2005);  Liverpool Biennial (2002);  National Museum of African Art (2001);  Cibiyar de Cultura Contemporània de Barcelona (2001);  na 8th Osaka Sculpture Triennale (1995);  na 5 Gwangju Biennale (2004); Gidan kayan tarihi na Larabawa na fasahar zamani a Doha (2019); [23] da Kunstmuseum Bern (2020).

## Nune-nunen

Tufafin Mutum (1998–2001) a Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya a 2009
Aikin Anatsui ya karu a hankali, tun daga kauyensu na Nsukka kafin ya koma wurare irin su Enugu da Legas, daga karshe ya koma kasashen duniya. A cikin 1990, Anatsui ya sami wasan kwaikwayo na farko mai mahimmanci a gidan kayan tarihi na Studio a Harlem, New York. Ya kuma kasance daya daga cikin masu fasaha uku da aka ware a baje kolin "Mawakan Afirka na Zamani: Canjin Al'adu" na 1990.

## Manazarta
Njideka Akunyili Crosby

**Njideka Akunyili Crosby** ɗan Najeriya ɗan wasan fasaha ne wanda aikinsa ya sami yabo sosai saboda rikitattun labaransa da tsararru. Ta yi amfani da haɗe-haɗe na zane-zane, zane, haɗin gwiwa, da dabarun bugawa don bincika jigogi na ainihi, kabilanci, da haɗakar al'adu. Akunyili Crosby sau da yawa tana haɗa hotuna na sirri da kuma samun hotuna a cikin ayyukanta, wanda ke daidaita tazarar da ke tsakanin al'adunta na Najeriya da abubuwan da ta samu a matsayinta na ƴan ƙasar waje. Ƙwararren ƙwararrun ayyukanta na fasaha sun sami yabo da yawa kuma an baje su a manyan cibiyoyi a duniya.
Ben Enwonwu

Ana yiwa **Ben Enwonwu** kallon uban zamani na Najeriya. Ayyukansa sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen inganta fasahar Afirka a fagen duniya. Shahararriyar sassaken Enwonwu, "Anyanwu," yana nuna alamar rana kuma yana nuna gwanintarsa ​​na haɗa kayan ado na gargajiya na Afirka tare da tasirin yammacin Turai. Ya kuma shahara da zane-zanen da ya dauki nauyin al'adu da tarihin Najeriya. Gadon fasaha na Enwonwu na ci gaba da zaburarwa da tasiri ga masu fasahar Afirka na zamani.
Twins Seven-Seven

**Twins Seven-Seven** haifaffen Taiwo Olaniyi Oyewale-Toyeje Oyelale Osuntoki, wani fitaccen mawakin Najeriya ne da ya shahara wajen zage-zage da zage-zage. Ayyukansa sau da yawa suna nuna fage daga tarihin tarihin Yarabawa, tatsuniyoyi, da al'adun gargajiya. Sana'ar tagwaye Bakwai-Bakwai ya nuna zurfafa dangantakarsa da al'adun Yarbawa kuma ya haɗa ƙamus na gani na alamomi da ƙima. Salon fasaharsa na musamman da iya ba da labari sun bar tasiri mai dorewa a fagen fasahar Najeriya.

## Manazarta
Victor Ehikhamenor

**Victor Ehikhamenor** ƙwararren ɗan wasan Najeriya ne, marubuci kuma mai suka. Ayyukansa na fasaha sun haɗa da zane-zane, sassaka, shigarwa, da kafofin watsa labaru masu gauraya. Ayyukan Ehikhamenor suna bincika jigogi na ainihi, ruhi, da al'amuran zamantakewa, galibi suna haɗa alamomi da abubuwa daga ƙayatarwa na gargajiyar Najeriya. An san shi da tsattsauran tsarinsa, da ƙarfin yin amfani da launi, da hotuna masu jawo tunani. An baje kolin fasahar Ehikhamenor a duk duniya kuma ya ba da gudummawa wajen tsara jawabin fasaha na zamani na Afirka.

## Manazarta
Lemi Ghariokwu

**Lemi Ghariokwu** fitaccen mawakin Najeriya ne da ya yi fice saboda hadin gwiwarsa da fitaccen dan wasan Afrobeat Fela Kuti. Ghariokwu ya tsara murfin kundi da yawa don Kuti, waɗanda suka zama fitattun wakilan ƙungiyar Afrobeat. Ayyukan zane-zane na kundin kundin sa galibi suna isar da sharhin siyasa da zamantakewa, suna nuna ruhin gwagwarmaya da juriya. Salon Ghariokwu na musamman, wanda ke da launuka masu kauri da ɗimbin bayanai, ya yi tasiri sosai ga kallon waƙar Najeriya.

Uche Okeke (1933-2016):
Harry Styles

**Harry Edward Styles** (an haife shi 1 Fabrairu 1994) wanda aka fi sani da **Harry Styles**, mawaƙin Ingilishi ne, mawaƙa, kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. Ayyukan kiɗansa ya fara ne a cikin 2010 a matsayin wani ɓangare na Direction Daya, ƙungiyar yaro da aka kafa akan jerin gasa na kiɗan Burtaniya The X Factor. An cire kowane memba na ƙungiyar daga gasar solo. Sun zama ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin yara mafi kyawun siyarwa a kowane lokaci kafin su ci gaba da tsayawa mara iyaka a cikin 2016.
Chéri Samba

**Chéri Samba** ɗan ƙasar Kongo mai zane ne wanda aka sani da ƙwazo da arziƙin zane-zanensa. Hotunan nasa sau da yawa suna nuna al'amuran yau da kullun a Kinshasa, babban birnin Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango, inda suka hada sharhin zamantakewa, ban dariya, da kuma sukar siyasa. Salon na musamman na Samba ya haɗu da m launuka, rubutu, da abubuwa na alama, ƙirƙirar abubuwan ban sha'awa na gani da jan hankali. Sana'arsa ta sami karbuwa a duniya kuma an baje ta a cikin fitattun gidajen tarihi a duniya.
Sokari Douglas Camp

**Sokari Douglas Camp,** haifaffen Najeriya ce mai zane-zane da aka sani da manyan sassaka na karfe. Ayyukanta galibi suna bincika jigogi na ainihi na Afirka, ruhi, da batutuwan zamantakewa da siyasa. Hotunan Douglas Camp sun baje kolin gaurayawan kayan ado na gargajiya na Najeriya da hanyoyin fasaha na zamani, wanda ya haɗa abubuwa na rawa, motsi, da alamar al'adu. An baje kolin kayan fasaharta masu ƙarfi da jan hankali a manyan gidajen tarihi da wuraren jama'a a duniya.

## Manazarta
Lambar yabo ta Grammy

**Kyautar Grammy** (wanda aka yi mata salo da GRAMMY), ko kuma kawai aka fi sani da Grammys, lambar yabo ce ta Cibiyar Rikodi ta Amurka ta bayar don gane nasarorin "fitattun" nasarori a masana'antar kiɗa. Mutane da yawa suna kallon su a matsayin mafi girma, manyan lambobin yabo a masana'antar kiɗa a duniya. Asalinsu ana kiransu lambar yabo ta Gramophone, kamar yadda kofin ke nuna faifan gramophone. Grammys sune farkon manyan lambobin yabo na manyan hanyoyin sadarwa na manyan hanyoyin sadarwa da ake gudanarwa kowace shekara, kuma ana ɗaukarsu ɗayan manyan lambobin yabo na nishaɗin Amurka guda huɗu na shekara-shekara, tare da Awards Academy (na fina-finai), Emmy Awards (na talabijin) , da Tony Awards (na wasan kwaikwayo). An gudanar da bikin lambar yabo ta Grammy na farko a ranar 4 ga Mayu, 1959,don girmama nasarorin kida na masu wasan kwaikwayo na shekara ta 1958. Bayan bikin 2011, Kwalejin Rikodi ta sabunta nau'ikan Kyautar Grammy da yawa don 2012.

## Manazarta
J.D. 'Okhai Ojeikere

**J.D. 'Okhai Ojeikere** wani mai daukar hoto ne dan Najeriya da aka yi murna saboda tarin takardun sa na gyaran gashi da al'adun Najeriya. Ta hanyar ruwan tabarau nasa, ya kama tare da adana ɗimbin kayan tarihi na gani na rikitattun salon gyara gashi waɗanda ke ɗauke da mahimmancin al'adu da tarihi. Hotunan Ojeikere ba wai kawai sun nuna salon aski masu ban sha'awa da sarƙaƙƙiya ba har ma sun ba da haske kan sarƙaƙƙiya na ainihi, kyan gani, da al'adar Najeriya. Ayyukansa sun baje ko'ina kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga godiya ga daukar hoto na Afirka.  

## Manazarta
Lizzo

**lizo**Melissa Viviane Jefferson (an Haife shi Afrilu 27, 1988), [2] da aka sani da ƙwararru kamar Lizzo, mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne, mawaƙiya, marubuci kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. An haife ta a Detroit, Michigan, ta ƙaura zuwa Houston, Texas, tare da danginta lokacin tana ɗan shekara goma. Bayan kwalejin ta koma Minneapolis, Minnesota, inda ta fara aikin rekoda a cikin kiɗan hip hop. Kafin shiga tare da Kamfanin Rikodin Rayuwa na Nice da Rikodin Atlantika, Lizzo ya fitar da kundi na studio guda biyu, Lizzobangers (2013) da Big Grrrl Small World (2015). Lizzo's first major-label EP, Coconut Oil, an saki a cikin 2016.
Ndubuisi Okeke

**Ndubuisi Okeke** wani sculptor ne na Najeriya wanda ya shahara da kyawawan zane-zane da zane-zane. Ayyukansa na sau da yawa suna nuna sifofin ɗan adam, suna haɗa nau'ikan ruwa da siffofi na geometric. Ayyukan Okeke sun bincika jigogi na ruhaniya, alaƙar ɗan adam, da haɗin kai na yanayi. Yana amfani da abubuwa daban-daban, ciki har da itace, tagulla, da dutse, don ƙirƙirar sassaka waɗanda ke ba da ma'anar jituwa da daidaito. An baje kolin hotunan Okeke a nune-nunen nune-nunen nune-nune da dama, wanda hakan ya ba da gudummawa ga fage na wannan zamani a Najeriya.

## Manazarta
Tayo Adenaike

**Tayo Adenaike** mawakin Najeriya ne mai hada-hadar yada labarai wanda ya hada daukar hoto, zane, da sassaka a cikin ayyukansa. Sana'arsa ta bincika jigogi na ainihi, al'adu, da tarihi, sau da yawa yana yin la'akari da haɗin kai tsakanin al'ada da zamani. Ayyukan fasaha na Adenaike masu ban sha'awa da ban mamaki suna amfani da yadudduka, laushi, da launuka masu ƙarfi don ƙirƙirar ƙaƙƙarfan abubuwan gani. An baje kolin ayyukansa a cikin gida da waje, suna ba da gudummawa ga fage na fasaha na zamani a Najeriya.  

## Manazarta
Abiodun Olaku

**Abiodun Olaku** ƙwararren mai zane ne na ɗan Najeriya wanda aka san shi da kulawa sosai ga dalla-dalla da ƙwararriyar amfani da haske da inuwa. Hotunan nasa galibi suna nuna rayuwar yau da kullum ta Najeriya, inda suke daukar al'amuran kasuwanni, manyan birane, da kuma shimfidar wurare. Ayyukan Olaku sun baje kolin fasaharsa na fasaha kuma suna haifar da sha'awar sha'awa, suna gayyatar masu kallo don haɗawa da ɗimbin kaset na al'adun Najeriya. Gudunmawar da ya bayar ga harkar fasaha ta hakika ta sa ya samu karbuwa da yabo.
 

## Manazarta
Akinbode Akinbiyi

**Akinbode Akinbiyi** mai daukar hoto ne dan Najeriya-Jamus, wanda ya yi suna da manyan hotunansa na baka da fari wadanda suka dauki ainihin rayuwar birni. Ayyukansa sun fi mayar da hankali kan abubuwan da mutanen da ke zaune a biranen Afirka, musamman Legas. Hotunan Akinbiyi na kan titi yana ɗaukar lokaci mai zurfi, yanayin birane, da sarƙaƙƙiya na rayuwar ɗan adam. Hotunan sa masu tada hankali suna ba da haske game da bambance-bambance, kuzari, da ƙalubalen muhallin birane a Najeriya da ma bayanta.

## Manazarta
Ndidi Emefiele

**Ndidi Emefiele** is a Nigerian mixed-media artist celebrated for her vibrant and visually striking artworks. Her paintings often feature bold colors, intricate patterns, and expressive brushwork. Emefiele explores themes of identity, gender, beauty, and cultural narratives through her art. Her works fuse elements of realism, surrealism, and abstraction to create captivating compositions that challenge traditional representations. Emefiele's art has gained international recognition and has been exhibited in prestigious galleries and art fairs.
Gerald Chukwuma

**Gerald Chukwuma** ɗan Najeriya ne mai sassaƙa kuma mai fasahar watsa labarai da aka sani da ƙayyadaddun kayan fasaharsa. Yana ƙirƙirar sassaka ta hanyar amfani da abubuwan da aka samo, itace, da sauran kayan aiki. Hotunan Chukwuma sau da yawa suna bincika jigogi na adalci na zamantakewa, muhalli, da al'adun gargajiya. Ayyukansa sun ƙunshi haɗaɗɗiyar haɗakar fasahar gargajiya ta Najeriya da kuma maganganun fasaha na zamani. An baje kolin fasahar Chukwuma a nune-nunen nune-nune da dama, wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga jawabin da aka yi a kan sassaken Afirka na zamani.

## Manazarta
Abraham Oghobase

**Abraham Oghobase** dan Najeriya mai daukar hoto ne kuma mai zanen gani wanda aka san shi da hotuna masu jan hankali da jan hankali. Ayyukansa suna bincika jigogi na ainihi, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, da haɓakar zamantakewa. Oghobase sau da yawa yana haɗa abubuwa na wasan kwaikwayo da kuma hoton kansa a cikin hotonsa, yana haifar da labaran da ke jan hankalin gani waɗanda ke ƙalubalantar tunanin da aka riga aka yi. An baje kolin fasaharsa a duniya, kuma ya sami yabo sosai saboda yadda ya dace da daukar hoto.

## Manazarta
Nnenna Okore

**Nnenna Okore** ’yar Najeriya ce sculptor da ta yi suna da tsattsauran ra’ayi da tauhidi da aka yi daga kayan halitta daban-daban, irin su burlap, jute, da takarda. Abubuwan sassaka nata suna nuna sha'awarta ga nau'ikan halitta, laushi, da ikon canza yanayin yanayi. Sana'ar Okore tana bincika jigogi na dorewa, al'adun gargajiya, da haɗin kai tsakanin mutane da muhalli. An baje kolin nata sassaka a duniya kuma sun sami karbuwa saboda sabbin kayan da suka yi amfani da su.

## Manazarta
Wura-Natasha Ogunji

**Wura-Natasha Ogunji** Mawaƙin Ba'amurke ɗan Najeriya ne wanda aikin sa ya ƙunshi wasan kwaikwayo, zane, bidiyo, da fasahar shigarwa. Ayyukanta galibi suna bincika jigogi na mace, ainihi, da jiki, musamman a cikin mahallin al'adun Najeriya. Ayyukan Ogunji da zane-zane suna amfani da ishara da alamomi don isar da labarun sirri da na gamayya. An baje kolin fasaharta a nune-nunen nune-nunen kasa da kasa kuma ta ba da gudummawa ga jawabin fasahar zamani.
Jimoh Buraimoh

Cif **Jimoh Buraimoh** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1943, a matsayin **Jimoh Adetunji Buraimoh** ) ɗan Najeriya ne mai zane kuma mai zane . Cif Buraimoh yana daya daga cikin fitattun mawakan da suka fito daga taron karawa juna sani na shekarun 1960 da Ulli Beier da Georgina Beier suka gudanar a Osogbo, jihar Osun, Najeriya. Tun daga nan, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu fasaha daga Osogbo.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Jimoh Buraimoh a garin Osogbo dake jihar Osun a Najeriya a shekarar 1943 a cikin wani reshen musulmi na gidan sarautar garin. Ya halarci taron karawa juna sani na 1960 da Ulli Beier ta gudanar, kuma ya kasance kwararre a fannin hasken wuta a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Duro Ladipo.

## Sana'a

Aikin Jimoh Buraimoh ya hada kafafen yada labarai na yammacin duniya da kuma salon Yarbawa . An yaba masa da kasancewarsa mai zanen kai na farko a Afirka lokacin a cikin 1964, ya yi wani salon fasaha na zamani wanda al'adar Yarbawa ta zaburar da shi na shigar da zanen ado a cikin yadudduka na biki da rawanin kwalliya.  A shekarar 1972, ya wakilci Najeriya a bikin baje kolin kasuwanci na Afirka na farko a birnin Nairobi na kasar Kenya . An gabatar da ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun zane-zanensa a bikin Baƙi na Duniya na Festac '77 . Shi ne dan Najeriya na farko da ya samu lambar yabo ta zama memba a Kungiyar Mawakan Musa ta Duniya ta zamani.

## Ayyuka
An baje kolin ayyukan Jimoh Buraimoh a gida da waje

## Koyarwa
Jimoh Buraimoh kuma kwararre ne na koyarwa. A cikin 1974, ya koyar a Makarantar Sana'a ta Haystack Mountain a Maine . Ya kuma koyar a Jami'ar Bloomington da sauran makarantu a New York, Boston da Los Angeles

## nassoshi

* Jimoh Buraimoh's website 
* Jimoh Adetunji Buraimoh, "The Heritage: My Life and Arts", Lagos: Spectrum Books, Ltd, 2000. 
* African Contemporary | Art Gallery featuring Jimoh Buraimoh's work

## Manazarta
Emeka Ogboh

**Emeka Ogboh** ɗan Najeriya ne mai fasahar sauti da shigarwa. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da rikodin sauti, kiɗa, da tsararrun yanayin yanayin sauti don bincika mahaɗar al'adu, ƙaura, da mahallin birane. Ogboh sau da yawa yana mai da hankali kan gogewar ji, yana samar da ingantattun kayan aiki waɗanda ke ɗaukar hankali da saurin tunani kan tarihin sirri da na gamayya. An baje kolin ayyukansa a duniya, yana ba da gudummawa ga fagen fasahar sauti da faɗaɗa damar yin magana ta fasaha.  

## Manazarta
Helen Folasade Adu

**Helen Folasade Adu**, wacce aka fi sani da **Sade**, mawaƙiyar Najeriya ce ’yar Burtaniya, mawakiya, marubuciya, kuma mai zane-zane. Muryar Sade mai ruhi da waqoqin da suka sanya ta zama fitattun jarumai a waqoqin zamani. Baya ga sana’ar waka, ta kuma bayyana fasaharta ta hanyar fasahar gani, gami da zane-zane da daukar hoto. Fasahar Sade tana nuna yanayin shigarta da waka, sau da yawa tana binciko jigogin soyayya, alaƙa, da gogewar ɗan adam.  

## Manazarta
Laolu Senbanjo

**Laolu Senbanjo** ɗan Najeriya ne mai zane na gani, mawaƙi, kuma lauya mai kare hakkin ɗan adam. An san shi da salon fasaha na musamman na jiki, wanda ya kira "The Sacred Art of the Ori." Fitattun zane-zanen jiki na Senbanjo sun sami karbuwa a duniya, kuma ya yi aiki tare da fitattun mawaka da masu sana'a. Sana'arsa tana da tushe sosai a cikin al'adun Yarbawa da ruhi, kuma yana amfani da ita azaman hanyar ba da labari da adana al'adu.

## Manazarta
Ade Adekola

**Ade Adekola** ɗan Najeriya ne mai fasaha wanda ya shahara da ayyukansa na multimedia waɗanda ke bincika jigogin sharhin zamantakewa da siyasa. Sana'arsa ta ƙunshi zane-zane, sassaka, shigarwa, da aiki. Ayyukan Adekola sukan ƙalubalanci ƙa'idodin al'umma kuma suna tayar da tambayoyi game da ƙarfin iko, ainihi, da al'adun gargajiya. Yana amfani da alama da kwatance don ƙirƙirar zane-zane masu jan hankali waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu kallo cikin tattaunawa mai mahimmanci. An gane irin gudunmawar da Adekola ya bayar a fagen fasahar Najeriya ta hanyar nune-nunen nune-nune da kyaututtuka. 

## Manazarta
Helen Isibor-Epega

**Helen Isibor-Epega,** wacce aka fi sani da sunan wasanta **The Venus Bushfires**, mawaƙiyar Najeriya ce, ɗan Biritaniya, marubuciya, kuma ƴan kayan aiki da yawa. Kiɗanta ta ƙunshi abubuwa na Afrobeat, jama'a, lantarki, da kiɗan duniya, ƙirƙirar shimfidar sauti na musamman. Wakokin Isibor-Epega galibi suna ɗauke da saƙon wayar da kan jama'a da muhalli, tare da samun kwarin gwiwa daga al'adunta na Najeriya da abubuwan duniya. Ta yi rawar gani a bukukuwan kiɗa na duniya kuma ta sami yabo sosai saboda sabbin shirye-shiryenta masu motsa rai.

## Manazarta
Ma'aikatar Albarkatun Ƙasa Da Yawon Buɗe Ido

**Ma'aikatar albarkatun kasa da yawon bude ido** ita ce ma'aikatar gwamnati ta Tanzaniya wacce ke da alhakin sarrafa albarkatun kasa da albarkatun al'adu da ci gaban masana'antar yawon buɗe ido. Tana da nau'ikan saka hannun jari a cikin albarkatun yawon buɗe ido da ayyukan masana'antar yawon buɗe ido.  Ofisoshin ma'aikatar suna Dodoma. Dr. Damas Ndumbaro shi ne sabon ministan yawon bude ido na Tanzaniya. 

Taken ma'aikatar shine "Tanzaniya ba za a manta da ita ba".

## Ƙungiya
An tsara aikin ma'aikatar zuwa ƙungiyoyin aiki na asali guda huɗu:

* Abubuwan tarihi
* Yawon buɗe ido 
* Dabbobin daji
* Gandun daji da kiwon zuma

Bugu da kari, akwai bangarori daban-daban na tallafi da na gudanarwa a cikin ma'aikatar.

## Duba kuma

* Yawon shakatawa a Tanzaniya

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*
Mai Yamani

**Mai Yamani** (    ; an haife ta 6 Satumba 1956) masaniyar Saudiyya ce mai zaman kansa, marubuci kuma masaniyar  ilimin halayyar ɗan adam.

## Kuruciya
An haifi Yamani a birnin Alkahira na kasar Masar a shekara ta 1956 ga mahaifiyar ta Iraqi daga Mosul da kuma mahaifin sa Dan kasar Saudiyya daga Makka . Kakaninta na uba sun fito ne daga Yemen, don haka sunan sunan Yamani ("daga Yemen"). Iliminta na farko ya hada da makaranta a Baghdad, Iraki da Makka, Saudi Arabia. Ta halarci makarantar sakandare a mashahurin Château Mont-Choisi a Lausanne, Switzerland, daga 1967 zuwa 1975. Ta sami digirinta na farko *summa cum laude* (tare da mafi girma) daga Kwalejin Bryn Mawr da ke Pennsylvania; Daga baya kuma ta halarci Kwalejin Somerville, Jami'ar Oxford, inda ita ce macen Yemen ta farko da ta sami M.St. da D.Phil. daga Oxford, a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam .

## Sana'a
Ta fara aikinta a matsayin malamar jami'a a kasar Saudiyya, kuma ta zama mallama a manyan cibiyoyin tunani na kasa da kasa a Amurka, Turai, da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Ta kasance ma'aikaciyar bincike a Cibiyar Royal Institute for International Affairs a London;abokin ziyara aCibiyar Brookings a Washington, DC; da wani malami mai ziyara a Cibiyar Gabas ta Tsakiya ta Carnegie a Beirut. Tana jin daɗin Larabci, Ingilishi, Faransanci da Sipaniya, kuma tana da ilimin aiki na Farisa, Ibrananci da Italiyanci.

## Ayyuka

*  
*  

## Nassoshi
Zainab Alwani

**Zainab Alwani** yar fafutukar kare hakkin bil adama ne kuma kwararriya a Amurka. Ita ce shugabar  kuma mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin ilimin addinin Islama a Makarantar Divinity na Jami'ar Howard . 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Zainab Alwani a birnin Bagadaza na kasar Iraki a shekara ta 1962   'ya ga Taha Jabir Alalwani ce .  An kuma tilasta wa Alwani da danginta tserewa daga Iraki a lokacin tana shekara 7. Iyalansu  suntafi Masar daga bisani Saudi Arabia. 

Alwani matashiya ce  tayi karatu a jami'ar musulunci ta Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud .   Ta samu digirin digirgir (PhD) a fannin shari'a ( Usulul Fiqh ) a jami'ar Islama ta kasa da kasa dake Malaysia .   Alwani kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta fara zama malamar fiqhu a majalisar fiqhu ta Arewacin Amurka .    

Alwani mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata da yaran musulmai.  Ta himmatu wajen ci gaba da tunanin mahaifinta da tsarin fiqhun tsiraru.  Ta kware a fannin shari'a, karatun kur'ani, alakar musulunci da shari'a, da mata da iyali a musulunci .    Yar uwarta ita ce Malamar Musulunci Ruqaia Al-Alwani .  Hadia Mubarak ta bayyana Zainab da Ruqaia a matsayin wani bangare na ci gaban mata musulmai masu tafsirin Alkur'ani. 

## Labarai

### Littattafai

* *Alusra fi Maqasid al sharia: Qira' fi Qadaya al zawaj waltalaq fi Amrika (The Objectives of Sharia and the family: Critical Reading in Marriage and Divorce in American Muslim Family) .* Herndon, Virginia: Cibiyar Tunanin Musulunci ta Duniya (IIIT), 2013.
* *Matan  Musulmai Da ke kalubalanta a Duniya:Na neman Canji Ta Hanyar Rubutun Alqur'ani da Misalin Annabci* . Cibiyar Nazarin Buri, 2012.
* *Abin da Musulunci ya ce game da tashin hankalin cikin gida: Jagora don Taimakawa Iyalan Musulmi*, 2008. 

### Labarai

* "Tare da Aisha a Zuciya: Karatun Suratul Nur ta hanyar haɗin kan tsarin Kur'ani a cikin *Matan Musulmai da Adalci na Jinsi: Ra'ayoyi, Tushen, da Tarihi"* editan Dina El Omari, Juliane Hammer, da Mouhanad Khorchide . Rana, 2020.
* "Kafāla: The Kur'ani-Prophetic Model of Care Marayu" a cikin *Journal of Islamic Faith & Practice.* 2020.
* "Koyarwar ta hanyan amfani da tafsirin : Annabi Muhammad (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) a matsayin Malami kuma Murabbi" a cikin *Mujallar Addinin Musulunci da Aiki*, 2019.
* "Al-wahda al-bina'iyya li-l-Qur'an: A Methodology for Understanding the Qur'an in the Modern Day" in *Journal of Islamic Faith and Practice,* 2018.
* "Matan Musulmai a Matsayin Malaman Addini: Binciken Tarihi" a cikin *Tauhidin Muslima: Muryar Mata Musulmai Masu Tauhidi* Editan Ednan Aslan, Marcia Hermansen, da Elif Medeni. Peter Lang (Peter-Lang-Verlagsgruppe), 2013.
* "Tsarin Kur'ani don Haɗuwa cikin Dangantakar Iyali" *a Canji Daga Ciki: Mabambantan Ra'ayoyi akan Rikicin Cikin Gida a cikin Al'ummar Musulmi* wanda Maha Alkhateeb da Salma Elkadi Abugideirii suka shirya. Iyalai Masu Zaman Lafiya, 2007.

## Nassoshi
Yawon Buɗe Ido a Sudan

**Yawon buɗe ido a Sudan** ba karamin taimako yake ba ga tattalin arzikin kasar. Ya zuwa shekarar 2019, tafiye-tafiye da yawon bude ido sun ba da gudummawar kusan kashi 2.4% na Gross domestic product  na Sudan (GDP).  Kasar Sudan dai ba kasafai ake yawan ziyarta ba idan aka kwatanta da sauran kasashen Afirka, kuma rikicin cikin gida da aka dade ana fama da shi ya lalata masana'antar yawon bude ido ta kasar. 

Masu yawon bude ido na duniya sun kai kusan 591,000 a cikin shekarar 2013, karuwa daga 29,000 zuwa 1995.  Ya zuwa shekara ta 2013, kusan kashi 1.3% na ma'aikatan Sudan an yi aikin yawon buɗe ido. 

Shahararrun ayyuka sun haɗa da rafting, kayaking, tuƙi, da tafiye-tafiyen ruwan Nilu.  Shahararrun abubuwa masu jan hankali sun hada da Dinder National Park, Dutsen Marrah, Gidan Tarihi na Kasa, da Tekun Bahar Maliya.  Wuraren archaeological kuma suna da sha'awar yawon bude ido kuma sun haɗa da Pyramids na Meroë, kaburbura a Kerma, da haikali a Soleb . 

A baya-bayan nan an samu saka hannun jari a harkokin yawon bude ido, amma kayayyakin yawon bude ido na Sudan ba su da ci gaba.  Dabarun yawon bude ido na gwamnatin Sudan sun maida hankali ne kan harkokin yawon bude ido .  Tun daga shekarar 2010, Jami'ar kasa da kasa ta Sudan mai zaman kanta ta ba da ilimi a fannin yawon buɗe ido ta hanyar Faculty of Tourism and Hotels. 

## Manazarta
MUH

**MUH** ko **Muh** na iya komawa zuwa,  wani Abu

* Marsa Matruh filin jirgin duniyaMisira (IATA code)
* Hasashen sararin samaniya na lissafi, "ka'idar komai"
* MUH Arla, babban kamfanin kiwo na Jamus
* Robert A. Muh (an haife shi a shekara ta 1938), ɗan kasuwan Amurka kuma ɗan agaji
* Asibitin Jami'ar Mercy, Cork, Ireland
Tara Downs

**Tara Downs** wata shahararri 'yar wasan Kanada ne wanda ke da haɗin gwiwan kuma ke gudanar da gallery na Downs & Ross a cikin Birnin New York . A baya ta kasance mai kafa kuma darekta na Gidan Gallery na Gobe a Toronto kuma daga baya ta koma New York City.

## Sana'a
A cikin 2011, Downs ta kafa Gidan Gallery na Gobe tare da Aleksander Hardashnakov da Hugh Scott-Douglas a cikin shagon sayar da kayayyaki na Toronto wanda a baya ya sami ɗakin studio ɗin fenti.   Daga 2011 zuwa 2013, gallery "ya zama sanannen a cibiyar  masu fasaha masu tasowa daga Turai da Arewacin Amirka," in ji Nick Irwin na *ArtNews*,  kuma ya ba da dama ga masu fasaha irin su Joshua Abelow, Sebastian Black, da Brad Troemel, da Dena Yago, Parker Ito, da Kelly Akashi. 

A cikin 2014, Downs ta ƙaura Gidan Gallery na Gobe zuwa Birnin New York a matsayin mai mallakarkiyar kaɗaici, kuma ya ƙunshi masu fasaha irin su Bradley Kronz, Jason Matthew Lee, Mary Ann Aitken, Oto Gillen da Valerie Keane.   alamar farko  an yi masa taken "Madawwamiyar Satumba," wanda Downs ta bayyana wani lokaci ne da membobin Usenet suka kirkira don komawa ga abin da ya faru bayan Satumba 1993, lokacin da AOL ya ƙare aikin buɗe hanyar shiga Usenet kawai ko wace shekara a farkon shekarar ilimi a cikin Satumba., "fashewar al'ummar al'umma tare da kaddamar da yanayin da ba a ƙare ba, ci gaba da fadada Intanet." Har ila yau, ta koma Berlin a matsayin mataimakin darekta a Tanya Leighton Gallery, yayin da ta ci gaba da jagorantar Gidan Gallery na Gobe, kafin ta koma New York.

A cikin 2017, Downs ta hada Gidan Gallery na Gobe tare da Hester, na Alex Ross, don ƙirƙira Downs & Ross Gallery a cikin Birnin New York.   Casey Lesser na *Artsy* ya bayyana hotunan a matsayin suna da "shirye-shiryen na gaba," yana rubuta cewa duka biyu "suna da nauyi a kan masu fasaha na duniya, suna da ido ga tarihi, kuma suna da nufin farfado da masu fasaha marasa wakilci." Masu zane-zane da Downs & Ross suka nuna sun hada da Brad Troemel, Sojourner Truth Parsons, Ben Schumacher, Vikky Aleksander,   Andrea Crespo, da Yanyan Huang, da Carlos Reyes, Louisa Gagliardi, Waring, Rute Merk, Egan Frantz,  da Ragna Bley.

Downs & Ross sun shiga cikin bajekolin fasaha iri-iri, gami da Frieze New York Online (2021), Baje kolin Independent Art (2020),  NADA Miami Beach (2019), Frieze New York (2019), The Armory Show (2019),  2018, 2017), Art Los Angeles Contemporary (2019), Art Toronto (2018), da FIAC (2018, 2017). 

## Ilimi
Downs ta sauke karatu daga Jami'ar Queens tare da Bachelor of Arts kuma ta kammala Master of Fine Arts a Jami'ar OCAD a cikin sassaka da shigarwa.

## Nassoshi
Aisha Abd al-Rahman

**Aisha Abd al-Rahman** ( Larabci : عائشة عبد الرحمن; 18 Nubemba 1913 - 1 Disamban shekarar 1998) marubuciya ce kuma farfesa a fannin adabi .'yar ƙasar Masar wacce ta wallafar kuma ta buga a karkashin sunan alkalami **Bint al-Shaṭiʾ** ( بِنْت ٱلشّاطِئ" 'Yar Kogin Kogin ce .

## Rayuwarta da aikinyita
An haife ta a ranar 18 ga Nubemba 1913 a Damietta a cikin gwamnatin Domyat, Masar,  inda mahaifinta ya koyar a Cibiyar Addini ta Domyat. Lokacin da ta kai shekara goma, mahaifiyarta, ko da yake ba ta iya karatu ba, amma ta shigar da ita makaranta yayin da mahaifinta zaiyi  tafiya. Duk da mahaifinta ya ki amincewa, daga baya mahaifiyarta ta aika Aisha zuwa El Mansurah don ci gaba da karatunta. Daga baya Aisha ta karanci Larabci a Jami'ar Alkahira inda ta samu digiri na farko a shekarar 1939, sannan ta yi digiri na biyu a shekarar 1941.

A 1942, Aisha ta fara aiki a matsayin Insfeto na koyar da adabin Larabci a Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Masar . Ta sami digiri na uku a shekarar 1950 kuma an nada ta Farfesa a Adabin Larabci a Kwalejin Mata na Jami'ar Ain Shams . 

Ta rubuta labarin almara da tarihin matan musulmai na farko da kuma sukar adabi .  Ita ce mace ta biyu ta zamani da ta yi tafsirin Alkur'ani . Ba ta dauki kanta a matsayin mace ba, amma ayyukanta suna nuna imanin cewa marubuta mata sun fi iya nazarin labarun rayuwar mata fiye da marubutan maza, saboda maza Basu Kai mata sannin abubuwan daya shafesu ba . 

Ta yi aure da Sheik Amin el-Khouli, malaminta a Jami'ar Alkahira a lokacin da take karatun digiri. Ta rasu ne sakamakon bugun zuciya sakamakon bugun jini da ta yi a birnin Alkahira.  Ta ba da gudummawar dukkan ɗakin karatun nata don dalilai na bincike, kuma a cikin 1985 an gina wani mutum-mutumi don girmama ta a Alkahira.

## Zaɓaɓɓen littafin littafi
Marubucin "littattafai sama da arba'in da labarai dari",  fitattun littattafanta sun haɗa da:

* *Ƙasar Masar* (1936)
* *Matsalar Balaguro* (1938)
* *Sirrin Teku da Jagora na Estate: Labarin Mace Mai Zunubi* (1942)
* *Sabbin Daraja a Adabin Larabci* (1961)
* *Mawakan Matan Larabawa na zamani* (1963)

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Bint Al-Shati'a, A'ishah Abdul-Rahman: hazikin Malama a duniyar Musulunci da Larabawa.
* Muhammad Amin Nazarin Tafsirin Bint al-Shati
Alton Stanley Tobey

**Alton Stanley Tobey** (Nuwamba 5, 1914 - Janairu 4, 2005) Ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Ba'amurke, mai zanen tarihi, mai zane-zane, mai hoto, kuma malamin fasaha.

## Tarihi
An haifi Alton Tobey a Amurka a ranar 5 ga watan Nuwamba, shekarar alif ɗari tara da goma sha huɗu 1914. Yana da shekaru 20 ya sami gurbin karatu a Jami'ar Yale; Makarantar Fine Arts. Bayan ya yi aikin soja, ya kammala karatun digirinsa na farko a Yale, kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin Farfesa. Ya zauna tsawon rayuwarsa a ƙauyen Larchmont, wani ɗan yanki na wani gari a Mamaroneck, gundumar Westchester, New York. Ya auri Roslyn Tobey, mai koyar da piano kuma mawaƙiya. Ɗansu, David Tobey, mai zane ne kuma mawaƙi. Tobey ya mutu a ranar 4 ga Janairu, shekarar dubu biyu da biyar dai-dai 2005, a gidan kula da tsofaffi a Mamaroneck, New York.  

New York Times ta bayyana Tobey a matsayin "mai zane-zane, mai hoto kuma mai zane wanda fitattun abubuwan da suka faru da fuskoki suka rataye a gidajen tarihi, dakunan karatu, gine-ginen jama'a, ofisoshin kamfanoni da tarin masu zaman kansu".  Tobey yana cikin ƙungiyar  Kasuwancin Mawaƙa ta ƙasar Rasha a cikin mafi kyawun masu fasaha a duniya na ƙarni huɗu da suka gabata.

## Manazarta
Osama bin Laden

**Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden ** An haife shi ranar 10 ga watan Maris, shekara ta alif 1957 ya rasu ranar 2 ga watan  Mayu, shekara ta 2011. An kuma haife shi a kasar saudi Arebia. shi ne wanda ya kafa kungiyar tsagerun Islama ta Al-Qaeda.

## Farkon Rayuwa
An haifi Osama Bin Laden a birnin Riyadh na kasar Saudiyya a shekara ta 1957 ko kuma 1958. Shi ne na 17 a cikin 'ya'ya 52 na mahaifinsa Mohammed bin Laden dan asalin kasar Yamen 
wanda ya mallaki kamfanin gine-gine mafi girma a masarautar Saudiyya.  Matashi Osama yana da gata, tarbiya mai daraja.  'Yan uwansa sun yi karatu a Yamma kuma suna aiki a kamfanin mahaifinsa (babban kamfani ne wanda ke siyar da kayan masarufi kamar motocin da abubuwan sha na a Gabas ta Tsakiya), amma Osama bin Laden ya kasance kusa da gida. Ya yi makaranta a Jiddah, ya yi aure yana matashi, kuma kamar sauran mazajen Saudiyya, ya shiga kungiyar ‘yan uwa Musulmi Muslim Brotherhood.

Ra'ayin bin Laden, Musulunci ya wuce addini kawai: Ya hada da siyasa kuma tana rinjayar duk shawarar da ya yanke.  Yayin da yake jami'a a karshen shekarun 1970, ya zama mabiyin malamin nan masu tsatsauran ra'ayin addinin Islama, Abdullah Azzam, wanda ya yi imani da cewa dukkan musulmi su tashi a jihadi, ko yaki mai tsarki, don samar da daular Musulunci guda daya. Wannan ra'ayi ya ja hankalin matashin bin Laden, wanda ya koka da abin da yake gani a matsayin tasirin da yammacin duniya ke da shi a rayuwar Gabas ta Tsakiya.
A cikin 1979, sojojin Soviet sun mamaye Afghanistan;  Ba da jimawa ba, Azzam da bin Laden sun yi tafiya zuwa Peshawar, wani birni na Pakistan da ke kan iyaka da Afganistan, don shiga cikin gwagwarmaya.  Ba su da kansu su zama mayaka ba, amma sun yi amfani da dimbin alakar da suke da su don samun tallafin kudi da yan tawayen Afghanistan.  Sun kuma karfafa gwiwar samari da su fito daga ko'ina a Gabas ta Tsakiya don zama wani bangare na jihadin Afganistan.  Kungiyarsu, da ake kira Maktab al-Khidamat (MAK) ta yi aiki a matsayin cibiyar sadarwar daukar ma'aikata ta duniya - tana da ofisoshi a wurare masu nisa kamar Brooklyn da Tucson, Arizona - kuma ta ba da sojoji, waɗanda aka fi sani da "Larabawan Afganistan," tare da horarwa da  kayayyaki.  Mafi mahimmanci, ya nuna wa bin Laden da abokansa cewa mai yiyuwa ne a yi amfani da Pan-Islam a aikace.

### Samauwar Al Qaeda
A cikin 1988, bin Laden ya kirkiro wata sabuwar kungiya, mai suna al Qaeda  wanda ziyi  amfani daita kan ayyukan ta'addanci maimakon yakin neman zabe.  Bayan da Tarayyar Soviet ta fice daga Afganistan a shekarar 1989, bin Laden ya koma Saudiyya don kara kaimi wajen tara kudade don wannan sabon aiki mai sarkakiya.  Sai dai kuma, dangin masarautar Saudiyya masu goyon bayan kasashen Yamma sun ji tsoron cewa zazzafan kalaman da Bin Laden ke yi na iya haifar da rikici a cikin masarautar, don haka suka yi kokarin rufe shi kamar yadda za su iya.  Sun kwace fasfo dinsa kuma suka yi watsi da tayin nasa na aika "Larabawan Afganistan" don suyi gadin kan iyaka bayan Iraki ta mamaye Kuwait a 1990.

## Manazarta
Fatima al-Batayahiyyah

**Fāțima bint Ibrahim ibn Mahmud al-Bațā'ihiyya** wacce aka fi sani da **Fatima al-Batayahiyyah** ta kasance musulma malamar hadisi a ƙarni na 8. 

## Tarihin rayuwa
Fatima al-Batayahiyyah ta koyar da Sahihul Bukhari a Damascus. An san ta a matsayin daya daga cikin manya-manyan malamai na wancan lokacin, ta nuna musamman a lokacin aikin Hajji lokacin da manyan malamai mazan zamanin suka yi ta tururuwa daga nesa don jin magana daga bakin ta Kai tsaye.

Da ta tsufa sai ta koma Madina ta koyar da dalibanta na kwanaki a masallacin Annabi da kansa. A duk lokacin da ta gaji, ta kan kwantar da kanta a kan kabarin Muhammad (S.A.W), ta ci gaba da koyar da dalibanta.  Wannan al'adar ta bambanta da abin da ake yi a yau, inda ba a yarda mutane su kalli wurin hutun Muhammadu ba.

## Manazarta
Tyler Onyango

**Tyler Jaden Napier Edward Onyango** (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Maris shekarar 2003) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Ingila wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan tsakiya na ƙungiyar Premier League daga Everton .

## Sana'a
A ranar 24 ga watan Janairu, shekarar 2021, Onyango ya buga wasansa na farko a kungiyar Everton lokacin da ya fito daga benci ya maye gurbin André Gomes a minti na 85 na gasar cin kofin FA a zagaye na hudu a kan Sheffield Laraba .  A ranar 21 ga Watan Nuwamba shekarar 2021, Onyango ya buga wasansa na farko a gasar Premier a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a minti na karshe na shan kashi a hannun Manchester City da ci 3-0,  ya ci gaba da kara buga wasanni biyu a kakar wasa ta 2021-22 kamar yadda Everton ta kaucewa. relegation. 

A ranar 27 ga watan Yuli shekarar 2022, Onyango ya shiga ƙungiyar EFL League One Burton Albion kan yarjejeniyar lamuni na tsawon kakar wasa.  A cikin watan Janairu shekarar 2023, Onyango ya koma Everton. 

A ranar 27 ga Watan Janairu shekarar 2023, Onyango ya koma League One don shiga ƙungiyar Forest Green Rovers a matsayin aro har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa, wanda ya fara sanya hannu kan sabon koci, kuma tsohon kocin matasa na Everton, Duncan Ferguson .  Bayan wasanni uku kawai, raunin da ya samu ya gan shi an tilasta masa komawa kulob din iyayensa. 

## Ayyukan kasa da kasa
An haifi Onyango a Ingila ga mahaifin Kenya kuma mahaifiyar sa yard kasar Ingila. Shi matashi ne na kasa da kasa a Ingila a matakin kasa da 17 . 

## Kididdigar sana'a

### Kulob

; Bayanan kula

## Manazarta
Laban na Kudancin Rhodesia

**Fam** ya kasance kudin Kudancin Rhodesia . An kuma yadu a Arewacin Rhodesia da Nyasaland . An raba fam din zuwa *shillings* 20 kowanne daga cikin *pence* 12 .

## Tarihi
Daga 1896, bankuna masu zaman kansu sun ba da bayanin kula a £ sd daidai da Sterling . A cikin 1932, an gabatar da tsabar kuɗi daban-daban. A cikin 1938, an kafa Hukumar Kuɗi ta Kudancin Rhodesia kuma ta ɗauki nauyin bayar da kuɗin takarda a shekara mai zuwa. Kudancin Rhodesia, Arewacin Rhodesia da Nyasaland sun haɗu a cikin 1953 don kafa Tarayyar Rhodesia da Nyasaland, wacce ta ci gaba da yin amfani da fam na Kudancin Rhodesian har zuwa 1955 lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da tsabar kudi don Rhodesia da Nyasaland fam . 1955 kuma ya ga Hukumar Kuɗi ta Kudancin Rhodesia ta sake suna Hukumar Kuɗi ta Tsakiyar Afirka. A cikin 1956, an ƙaddamar da kuɗin takarda na farko na Rhodesia da Nyasaland fam, wanda ya kammala sauyi.

## Tsabar kudi
A cikin 1932, .925 tsabar kudi na azurfa an gabatar da su a cikin ƙungiyoyin 3d, 6d, 1/-, 2/-, da 2/6. An bi su a cikin 1934 ta hanyar holed, cupro-nickel  da 1d tsabar kudi. A cikin 1942, tagulla ya maye gurbin cupro-nickel, yayin da tsabar kuɗin azurfa aka lalata su zuwa .500 fineness a 1944 kuma an maye gurbinsu da cupro-nickel a 1947. An ba da tsabar kudi har zuwa 1954. A cikin 1953 an fitar da tsabar 5/- tsabar .500 (.45 ounce ainihin nauyin azurfa) don tunawa da shekara ɗari na haihuwar Cecil Rhodes . An samar da 124,000 don rarrabawa, da 1500 da aka yi a matsayin Hujja ta tsabar kuɗi .

## Bayanan banki
A cikin 1896, reshen Salisbury na Standard Bank of Africa ta Kudu ya gabatar da takardun banki na farko na Kudancin Rhodesian, a cikin ƙungiyoyin £1 da £5. Daga baya wannan bankin ya ba da 10/- bayanin kula. Bankin Afirka, Bankin Barclays da Bankin Afirka ta Kudu su ma sun ba da bayanan kula. Waɗannan batutuwan banki masu zaman kansu sun ƙare a cikin 1938.

A cikin 1939, Hukumar Kuɗi ta Kudancin Rhodesia ta gabatar da bayanan 10/-, £1 da £5, sannan 5/- bayanin kula tsakanin 1943 da 1948 da £10 a 1953. A cikin 1955, Hukumar Kula da Kuɗi ta Tsakiyar Afirka ta ba da bayanin kula a cikin ƙungiyoyin 10/-, £1, £5 da £10.

## Nassoshi
Shilling na Tanzaniya

**Shilling** ( Swahili : *shilingi* ; takaice: **TSh** ; lambar : **TZS** ) kudin Tanzaniya . An raba shi zuwa *cents* 100 ( *senti* a cikin Swahili). Shilling na kasar Tanzaniya ya maye gurbin Shilling na Gabashin Afirka a ranar 14 ga watan Yunin shekarar 1966 daidai. 

## Sanarwa
Ana rubuta farashin shilling na kasar Tanzaniya a cikin nau'i na x/y, inda x yake da adadin sama da shilling 1, yayin da y ya kasance adadin a cents. Alamar daidaita ko saƙa tana wakiltar adadin sifili. Misali, an rubuta cent 50 a matsayin " -/  " da shilling 100 a matsayin " 100/  " ko "100/-". Wani lokaci gajartawar *TSh* an riga an tsara shi don bambanta. Idan an rubuta adadin ta amfani da kalmomi da lambobi, kawai prefix kawai ake amfani da shi (misali TSh&nbsp;10&nbsp;miliyan).

An ƙirƙira wannan ƙirar akan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙima, wanda a ciki aka rubuta adadinsu a wasu haɗe-haɗe na fam (£), shillings (s), da pence (d, na dinari ). A cikin wannan bayanin, an ƙididdige adadin kuɗin ƙasa da fam a cikin shillings da pence kawai.

## Tsabar kudi

A cikin shekarar 1966, an gabatar da tsabar kudi a cikin ƙungiyoyin -/ , -/ , -/  da -/  da 1/ , tare da -/  da aka buga a cikin tagulla, da -/  a cikin nickel-brass (Copper-nickel). -zinc) da -/50 da 1/= a cikin kofin-nickel . Cupro-nickel 5/  an gabatar da tsabar kudi a cikin shekarar 1972, sannan kuma scalloped, nickel-brass -/  a shekarar 1977. Christopher Ironside OBE ne ya tsara wannan Silsilar tsabar kuɗi ta Farko, wanda ke gudana daga shekarar 1966 zuwa 1984. 

A shekara ta 1987, karfen nickel-plated ya maye gurbin cupro-nickel a cikin -/ da 1/ , da kuma cupro-nickel 5/ da 10/ tsabar kudi an gabatar da su, tare da 5/ decagonal a siffar. A shekara ta 1990, an gabatar da nickel-clad-steel 5/ , 10/ da 20/ , sannan aka binne su da tsabar karfe na tagulla don 100/ a shekara ta 1993, 50/ a shekarar 1996 da jan karfe-nickel-zinc 200/ a shekarar 1998.

Tsabar kudi a halin yanzu suna yawo sune 50/ , 100/ , 200/ , da 500/  . An fitar da 500/  tsabar kudin a ranar 8 ga watan Satumba, shekarar 2014. 

## Takardun kuɗi
A ranar 14 ga watan Yunin  shekara ta1966, Benki Kuu Ya Tanzaniya ( Bankin Tanzaniya ) ya gabatar da bayanin kula don 5/ , 10/ , 20/  da 100/  . An maye gurbin 5/  bayanin kula da tsabar kudi a 1972. An gabatar da 50/  bayanin kula a 1985, sannan 200/  a 1986, 500/  a 1989 da 1,000/  a 1990. 10/ , 20/ , 50/  da 100/  an maye gurbin bayanin kula da tsabar kudi a 1987, 1990, 1996 da 1994, bi da bi. 5,000/  da 10,000/  an gabatar da bayanin kula a cikin 1995, sannan 2,000/= a 2003. Wani sabon jerin bayanin kula ya fito a cikin 2011. Waɗannan sabbin bayanan sun haɗa da fasalulluka da yawa na tsaro waɗanda ke hana yin jabu.  

Bayanan banki da ke yawo a yau sune 500/ , 1,000/ , 2,000/ , 5,000/  da 10,000/ 

### Wanda suke aiki ahalin yanzu

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Bankin Tanzaniya shafi kan rarraba takardun banki
* Bayanan banki na Tanzaniya
* https://banknotenews.com/?p=18765
Togo franc

**Faran** shi ne kudin Togo . Tsakanin shekarar 1924 zuwa shekarar 1956, an ba da tsabar kuɗi musamman don amfani a Togo. Tun daga shekarar 1945, Togo tana amfani da kudin CFA na yammacin Afirka .

## Tarihi
Tsakanin shekarar 1884 zuwa shekarar 1914, alamar Jamus ita ce kudin Togo kamar yadda Jamus ta kasance mulkin mallaka. A cikin 1914, sojojin Birtaniya da na Faransa sun mamaye Togo. An raba Togo zuwa yankuna biyu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, tare da yamma, yanki na Biritaniya sun karɓi fam ɗin Burtaniya na Yammacin Afirka kuma daga ƙarshe ya zama wani yanki na Ghana . A gabas, yankin Faransa, an karɓi kuɗin Faransa, wanda aka ƙara a cikin 1924 ta tsabar kuɗi da aka bayar da sunan yankin Mandate na Togo. An ba da waɗannan tsabar kudi na ɗan lokaci har zuwa 1956 kuma ana rarraba su tare da CFA franc daga 1945. Ba a ba da wasu tsabar kuɗi musamman na Togo ba tun 1956, ko da yake tsabar 1957 na Faransa ta Yammacin Afirka ma suna da sunan Togo.

## Tsabar kudi
A cikin 1924, an gabatar da aluminium-bronze santimita 50, 1 da 2 francs, tare da sake buga ƙungiyoyin franc a cikin 1925 kuma centimes 50 ya buge har zuwa 1926. A cikin 1948, an ba da tsabar kudin aluminum 1 da francs 2, sannan kuma aluminium-bronze francs 5 a 1956.

## Nassoshi