open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Claire Epstein

**Claire Epstein** ( Hebrew   ; 18 Satumba 1911 - 18 Agusta 2000) ta kasance mai binciken kayan tarihi na Isra'ila. An san ta da ganowa da aikinta kan al'adun Chalcolithic a Golan kuma ta kasance memba mai suna a Hukumar Kayayyakin Tarihi ta Isra'ila .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Epstein a Landan cikin iyali mai daraja.  Mahaifiyarta ta kasance mai himma wajen ceton Yahudawa daga Nazis .  Epstein ya shiga cikin da'irar Zionist tun yana ƙarami kuma ya koyi Ibrananci tun yana ƙarami.  Epstein ya halarci Makarantar Sarki Alfred sannan ya yi karatun Italiyanci a Kwalejin Jami'a, Landan .  A shekarar 1932, ta sami digirin farko.  Epstein ya yi ƙaura zuwa Falasɗinu ta Burtaniya a shekarar 1937, yana zaune a Tel-Aviv . Ta fassara Ibrananci don Hukumar Peel ta 1937.  A shekarar 1942, ta shiga Sashen Mata na Sojojin Burtaniya kuma daga baya ta zama mace ta farko da ta zama Sajan Major daga yishuv . 

Bayan shekaru biyu a cikin aikin soja, ta shiga sabuwar Kibbutz En Gev, kusa da Tekun Galili .  Epstein ya fara aiki a fannin ilmin kayan tarihi lokacin da ta taimaka wa wata ƙungiyar masu binciken kayan tarihi da suka haƙa Tel Hazor a shekarar 1952.  Haka kuma a shekarar 1952, ta ɗauki wani yaro wanda iyayensa aka kashe a wani hari a Iraki.  A shekarar 1955, ta koma wani kibbutz, Ginossar, a ɗayan gefen Tekun Galili .  Daga baya Epstein ya koma Kwalejin Jami'a, Landan don yin aiki a kan digirin digirgir a fannin ilmin kayan tarihi, yana mai da hankali kan tukwane masu kama da bichrome daga Falasdinu da kuma aiki tare da Kathleen Kenyon .  Ta sami digirin digirgir na PhD a shekarar 1962.

Bayan Yaƙin Kwanaki Shida, a shekarar 1967, Epstein, wacce ke aiki tare da Shemaryahu Gutman, ita ce jagorar binciken gaggawa na kayan tarihi a yankin Golan . [1] A lokacin bincikenta, ta gano manyan filayen dolmen da kuma al'adun Chalcolithic na zamanin da a Golan. [2] Epstein ta zama cikakken mai binciken kayan tarihi, tana aiki a Ma'aikatar Kayan Tarihi, wanda daga baya ya zama Hukumar Kayan Tarihi ta Isra'ila . [3] Don isa wuraren binciken kayan tarihi, sau da yawa tana tafiya a ƙafa, saboda ba ta da lasisin tuƙi kuma mataimakanta da yawa 'yan ƙauyen Druze ne. [2]

## Manazarta
Phoebe Hessel

**Phoebe Hessel**, ma'ajin *Smith* (Maris 1713 - 12 Disamba 1821) an fi saninta da yin ɓoye-ɓoye a matsayin namiji don yin aiki a rundunar sojojin Burtaniya, wataƙila don kasancewa tare da masoyinta, Samuel Golding. Ta rayu har zuwa shekaru 108.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Phoebe Hessel a Phoebe Smith, a Stepney, kuma an yi mata baftisma a cocin yankin, St Dunstan's, a ranar 13 ga Afrilu, 1713. Wasu majiyoyi sun nuna cewa mahaifinta soja ne wanda ya tafi da ita tare da shi tun tana ƙarama. Ta shiga rundunar sojoji ta 5 don yin hidima tare da masoyinta, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin soja a West Indies da Gibraltar . Dukansu sun ci gaba da zama a rundunar sojojin Burtaniya, kuma sun yi yaƙi kuma sun ji rauni a Yaƙin Fontenoy a 1745. A ƙarshe, ta bayyana matsayinta ga matar Kanar na Rundunar, kuma an sallame su aka kuma yi musu aure. A cewar wani sajen na rundunar, an bayyana jima'inta lokacin da aka cire mata kaya don a yi mata bulala, wanda kawai ta yi tsokaci: "Yi duka a la'ance ta!" [1] Ba a ba ta hukunci ba, kuma an biya ta albashinta kamar kowane soja.

Suna zaune a Plymouth, inda suka haifi 'ya'ya tara, takwas daga cikinsu sun mutu tun suna ƙanana, kuma wanda ya tsira ya mutu a teku. Bayan Golding ta mutu, ta ƙaura zuwa Brighton don ta auri mainta Thomas Hessel. Ya mutu lokacin da take da shekaru 80. Ta tallafa wa kanta ta hanyar sayar da kifi a Brighton da kewaye, kuma shaidarta ta taimaka wajen tabbatar da hukuncin da aka yanke wa James Rooke, wanda ya yi fice a harkar sufuri .

A lokacin da ta tsufa, ta sayar da ƙananan kayayyaki, kamar lemu da citta, a kusurwar titi kusa da Brighton Pavilion . Ta shahara sosai a Brighton, saboda yawan shekarunta da kuma abubuwan da ta fuskanta na daban. An tilasta mata shiga aikin, amma Yarima Regent ya ba ta fansho na rabin guinea a kowane mako a 1808. Ta halarci faretin nadin sarautarsa a Brighton a 1820. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

Ta mutu a ranar 12 ga Disamba 1821, tana da shekaru 108. An binne ta a makabartar cocin St Nicholas, Brighton .

A wani lokacin ana kiranta da 'Stepney Amazon'; Titin Amazon da Titin Hessel (dukansu an sanya musu suna don girmama ta) har yanzu suna nan a Stepney (yanzu wani ɓangare ne na London Borough of Tower Hamlets ).

## Manazarta
Lisa Head

Kyaftin **Lisa Jade Head** (30 Nuwamba 1981 - 19 Afrilu 2011)  jami'ar sojojin Burtaniya ce. Ita ce jami'ar zubar da bama-bamai ta farko da aka kashe a lokacin aiki.  Ta mutu a ranar 19 ga Afrilu 2011 tana da shekaru 29, bayan ta samu munanan raunuka a lokacin aiki a Afghanistan . A lokacin mutuwarta, Head ita ce jami'ar mata ta farko kuma ta biyu a rundunar sojojin Burtaniya da ta mutu a Afghanistan tun 2001, bayan Sarah Bryant, kuma memba na 364 a cikin rundunar sojojin Burtaniya. 

## Rayuwa
An haife ta a Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, Head ta halarci Kwalejin Greenhead kuma ta yi karatun ilimin halittar ɗan adam a Jami'ar Huddersfield, horon soja ta fara ne a lokacin da take Jami'a inda take cikin Rundunar Horar da Jami'an Jami'ar Leeds, kafin ta halarci Kwalejin Sojoji ta Royal Military da ke Sandhurst .  

Ta yi aiki a Iraki da Afghanistan a matsayin jami'ar haɗin gwiwa ta sufurin jiragen sama tare da Royal Logistic Corps kafin a mayar da ita zuwa 321 Squadron na 321 na Kashe Makamai Masu Fashewa (EOD), 11 na Sashen Makamai Masu Fashewa, Royal Logistic Corps, wanda ta yi aiki tare da shi a Arewacin Ireland. An tura ta zuwa Afghanistan a ranar 27 ga Maris 2011. Ta kasance ƙwararriyar mai zubar da bam kuma ta sami matsayin "Masu Gudanar da IED Masu Barazana" wanda ke nuna ƙwarewa sosai.  

## Mutuwa
Ta ji rauni mai tsanani a Nahr-e-Saraj da ke Lardin Helmand a ranar 18 ga Afrilu, 2011, kwanaki 22 bayan ta isa Afghanistan a karo na biyu, yayin da take ƙoƙarin kashe wani gungun na'urorin fashewa da aka yi amfani da su, waɗanda majiyoyin tsaro suka ce an sanya su ne don kama wani ƙwararre kan zubar da bam. Ta kashe wata na'ura, amma an buge ta lokacin da na'ura ta biyu a cikin sarkar ta tashi. An kwashe ta da jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu zuwa sansanin Bastion, arewa maso yammacin Lashkar Gah, inda aka mayar da ita asibitin Sarauniya Elizabeth da ke Birmingham. Ta mutu a can washegari. [1] [2]

## Jana'iza
An yi jana'izar Head a ranar 6 ga Mayu 2011 a Cocin Huddersfield Parish . Wani mai gadi daga rundunarta ya yi layi a matattakalar cocin a lokacin jana'izar kuma ya ɗauki akwatin gawarta zuwa cocin.  Mutane sama da 1,000 ne suka halarci jana'izar, ciki har da iyali, abokai, sojoji da mazauna Huddersfield. 

## Duba kuma

* Sarah Bryant, Ba’amurken soja na farko da aka kashe a Afghanistan

## Manazarta
Hannah Graf

Captain **Hannah Graf** MBE ( née Winterbourne ) tsohuwar jami'ar rundunar sojin Burtaniya ce kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin masu canza jinsi. Graf ta kasance kyaftin a Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers kuma babbar jami'ar transgender a rundunar sojojin Burtaniya, tana kula da rundunar sojoji 100. Bayan ta fito a matsayin mai canza jinsi a shekarar 2013, ta ba wa sojoji shawara kan batutuwan da suka shafi masu canza jinsi.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
A lokacin da take horo a matsayin jami'a a Kwalejin Sojoji ta Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, Graf ta bayyana a fili a matsayin namiji ɗan luwaɗi, duk da haka ta ji cewa wannan sunan bai "ba shi da daɗi sosai" kuma "ba ta taɓa samun kwanciyar hankali sosai a cikin al'ummar mazan luwaɗi ba".  A shekarar 2012, an tura ta sansanin sojojin sama na Camp Bastion da ke Afghanistan.  Kyaftin a Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, ta kula da rundunar sojoji ɗari. Bayan dawowa daga aiki a Afghanistan, a shekarar 2013, ta fara rayuwa a fili a matsayin mace mai canza jinsi kuma ta zama mutum mafi matsayi a cikin Sojojin Burtaniya.   Duk da cewa abokan aikinta sun goyi bayan shawararta ta sauya jinsi, ta ji ba ta da tabbas game da yadda wasu za su kalle ta bayan sauyinta.  Bayan fitowa, ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan batutuwan canza jinsi a cikin rundunar. 

Graf mai kula da ƙungiyar agaji ta Mermaids ce kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin jakada ga LGBT Sport Cymru.  Ta sami lambar girmamawa daga Jami'ar Cardiff a shekarar 2016 saboda aikinta da ƙungiyoyin biyu.  A shekarar 2018, Yarima William, Duke na Cambridge, ya naɗa ta a matsayin Memba na Daular Burtaniya saboda "ayyuka ga al'ummar LGBTQ a cikin aikin soja". Bayan ta sami lambar yabo a Fadar Buckingham, ta bayyana goyon bayanta ga "rungumar" Sojojin Burtaniya ga mutanen da suka canza jinsi kuma ta soki haramcin da aka yi wa ma'aikatan transgender kwanan nan a rundunar sojojin Amurka .  Ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin LGBT Stonewall ta naɗa Graf a matsayin "Model na Shekarar Trans" a shekarar 2019. 

Ta haɗu da jarumi kuma mai shirya fina-finai Jake Graf, wanda shi ma ɗan canjin jinsi ne, a watan Disamba na 2015. Ma'auratan sun sanar da aniyarsu a shekarar 2017 [1] kuma suka yi aure a shekara mai zuwa. [2] A shekarar 2020, ma'auratan sun haifi ɗansu na fari; [3] an watsa gogewarsu a matsayin iyayen da suka canza jinsi daga baya a wannan shekarar a cikin shirin gaskiya na Channel 4 mai suna Our Baby: A Modern Miracle . [4] Coronet Books ta buga wani tarihin rayuwar ma'auratan, mai taken Becoming Us, a shekarar 2023. [5]

## Manazarta
Elizabeth Godwin

Kyaftin **Elizabeth Helen Godwin** (7 ga Fabrairu 1997 - 5 ga Satumba 2025) jami'ar sojojin Burtaniya ce a cikin rundunar sojojin dawaki ta Household Cavalry . Ita ce mace ta farko da ta shiga cikin rundunar sojojin kiyaye rai, ta zama jami'a a cikin rundunar a shekarar 2020.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Godwin a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, 1997, kuma ta girma a Devon .   Ta fito daga dangin soja kuma kakanta, wanda ya yi aiki a rundunar sojojin Burtaniya, yana aiki a Masar, Gibraltar, da Indiya. 

Ta yi karatu a Makarantar Elm Grove da ke Makarantar Topsham da Exeter, inda ta buga wasan hockey a filin wasa, ta kasance mai hawan doki, kuma memba ce a Ƙungiyar 'Yan Cadet .   Bayan Exeter, ta kammala karatunta na A-levels a Kwalejin Trent . An ba Godwin tallafin karatu na soja da kuma matsayi a Kwalejin Sojoji ta Royal Sandhurst .  Ta yi karatun aikin jinya a Kwalejin King's London yayin da take aiki a Asibitin Great Ormond Street kuma tana aiki a Rundunar Sojojin . 

A shekarar 2019, yayin da take kammala horon soja a Sandhurst, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Takobin Girmamawa .  

## Aikin soja
Godwin ita ce jami'a mace ta farko da ta shiga cikin Rundunar Tsaron Rai, ta shiga cikin 2020.   An fara ba wa mata izinin shiga rundunar a shekarar 2017. 

A matsayinta na jami'a, ta jagoranci motocin da ke sintiri a fadin Dartmoor kuma ta jagoranci rundunarta a atisaye a Gibraltar .  A shekarar 2022, ta koma Hyde Park Barracks da ke Landan daga sansanin Bulford da ke Salisbury Plain .  Daga baya a wannan shekarar, ta hau doki a cikin jerin gwanon a lokacin jana'izar Sarauniya Elizabeth ta Biyu . 

Ta kasance a wurin bikin nadin sarautar Charles III da Camilla a matsayin wani ɓangare na Rakiyar Sarki a lokacin jerin gwanon. 

A shekarar 2023, Godwin ya jagoranci rakiyar sojoji arba'in da bakwai da dawaki talatin da uku ga Anne, Gimbiya Royal a CHIO Aachen da ke Jamus. [1] Ta shirya wa rundunar sojojin rawar Musical Ride, wacce take gudanar da atisayen dawaki da aka shirya domin kiɗa, wanda aka yi a gaban mutane dubu arba'in. [1]

## Mutuwa
Godwin ya mutu a wani hatsarin ababen hawa a Surrey a ranar 5 ga Satumba, 2025, yana da shekaru 28. 

## Manazarta
Thalia Flora-Karavia

**Thalia Flora-Karavia** ( Greek  , 1871–1960) yar ƙasar Girka ce kuma memba a Makarantar Munich wadda aka fi sani da zane-zanenta na sojoji a yaƙi.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Thalia Flora a shekara ta 1871 a Siatista, Yammacin Macedonia .  A shekara ta 1874 ta ƙaura tare da iyalinta zuwa Istanbul .  A can ta sami tallafin karatu wanda ya ba ta damar yin karatu daga 1883 zuwa 1888 a Makarantar 'Yan Mata ta Zappeion.  Bayan kammala karatun ta, ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta na shekara guda.  Ta yanke shawarar yin karatun zane kuma a shekara ta 1895 ta ƙaura zuwa Munich inda ta yi aiki tare da Georgios Jakobides (1853–1932) da Nikolaos Gyzis (1842–1901). A matsayinta na mace, ba ta sami damar halartar Kwalejin Fasaha ta Munich ba, amma ta ɗauki darussa a fannin zane da zane a wata makaranta mai zaman kanta.  Ta yi karatu tare da masu fasaha kamar Nikolaos Vokos (1859–1902), Paul Nauen (1859–1932), Anton Ažbe (1862–1905) da Walter Thor (1870–1929). Ta koma Istanbul a shekarar 1898, sannan ta koma Munich har zuwa shekarar 1900. 

Flora ta yi tafiya zuwa birane daban-daban a Turai . [1] A shekarar 1906 ta gudanar da wani baje koli na haɗin gwiwa a Athens tare da Sophia Laskaridou . [1] Yayin da ta ziyarci Masar a shekarar 1907, ta auri ɗan jarida Nicholas Karavia. Ta mayar da Alexandria gidanta na tsawon shekaru talatin masu zuwa. Ta kafa kuma ta gudanar da makarantar fasaha a can. A lokacin Yaƙin Balkan na 1912-13, ta yanke shawarar bin sojojin Girka a matsayin wakiliyar jaridar Alexandria wadda mijinta ya jagoranta. Zane-zanenta sun rubuta rayuwar sojoji, 'yan gudun hijira da waɗanda suka mutu a cikin salon da ya kusan zama mai ban sha'awa . [1] An buga su a cikin littafin 1936 na Impressions of the 1912-1913 a Macedonia da Epirus . Ta kuma rubuta Yaƙin Asiya Minor na 1921 da kuma Front Albania a lokacin Yaƙin Greco-Italiyanci na 1940-41. [1]

A shekarar 1940, Flora-Karavia ta ƙaura zuwa Girka, inda ta zauna har tsawon rayuwarta. Ta mutu a Athens a shekarar 1960. 

## Manazarta
Muriel Gibson (ɗan siyasa)

**Margaret Muriel Gibson** (29 Nuwamba 1912 - 22 Oktoba 2005), wacce aka fi sani da **Muriel Gibson**, 'yar siyasa ce ta Scotland mai kishin ƙasa .

## Rayuwa

An haife ta a Glasgow, Gibson ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata, kafin ta yi aiki a Sashen Ilimi na Majalisar Birnin Glasgow .  Ta shiga Jam'iyyar Ƙasa ta Scotland a 1932,  sannan ta shiga Jam'iyyar Ƙasa ta Scotland bayan kafa ta, kuma an tsare ta na ɗan lokaci a farkon Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu saboda zama memba.  A rayuwarta ta baya, ta yi iƙirarin cewa an ci gaba da sa ido a kanta tsawon shekaru da dama;  duk da haka, ta ci gaba da aiki a Sashen Taimakon Sa-kai sannan kuma a Rundunar Sojojin Mata a Afirka, Jamus da Italiya.  Duk da cewa ta tafi a ƙarshen rikicin, ba da daɗewa ba ta sake haɗuwa kuma daga ƙarshe ta kai ga Laftanar Kanar :  matsayi na biyu mafi girma fiye da kowace mace a Rundunar Sojojin Burtaniya a lokacin. 

A lokacin da take cikin rayuwar farar hula, Gibson ta yi aiki a Ferranti da Red Cross kafin ta zama sakatariyar tsare-tsare ta Royal Scottish Country Dance Society . Ta kuma yi aiki sau biyu a matsayin Sakatariyar Ƙasa ta SNP, kuma ba ta yi nasara ba a zaɓen gama gari na 1970 a Edinburgh West . [1]

## Manazarta
Lucy Giles

Kanar **Lucy Giles** jami'a ce a rundunar sojojin Burtaniya ta Royal Logistic Corps kuma Kwamandar kwaleji mace ta farko a Kwalejin Royal Military Academy Sandhurst     tana jagorantar Kwalejin New College inda Jami'an Cadets ke yin zango na biyu da na uku na Kwas ɗin Kwas na tsawon makonni 44, na tsawon wa'adi 3.

Giles ya shafe shekaru 25 yana cikin rundunar sojin Birtaniya kuma ya yi aiki a Saliyo, Gabashin Timor, Bosnia, Iraki, Arewacin Ireland da Afghanistan. [1] A halin yanzu Giles yana aiki a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar Zaɓen Jami'an Soja . [2] [3]

Giles ta kammala karatun GCSE a Makarantar King Arthur, Wincanton da kuma matakin A a Makarantar Sexey, Bruton. Daga nan ta karanci Ilimin Halittu a Jami'ar Exeter inda ta shiga Rundunar Horar da Jami'ai . 

## Manazarta
Charmaine Porter

**Charmaine Porter** (an haife ta a ranar 26 ga Yuni 1995) tsohuwar ƙwararriyar mai tseren keke ce 'yar Birtaniya, wacce ta kasance ɓangare na ƙungiyar mata ta nahiyar Turai ta UCI CAMS–Tifosi, a lokacin annobar COVID-19 - kakar 2020 ta kawo cikas ga annobar.  A tsawon mafi yawan ayyukanta na keke, Porter ta haɗa keke da aiki a rundunar sojojin Burtaniya, inda ta kai matsayin kofur mai lanƙwasa . 

Porter ya yi ritaya daga tseren keke a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2020. [1] [2]

## Manazarta
Rosie Garthwaite

**Rosie Francesca Garthwaite** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1980) 'yar jarida ce 'yar Ingila kuma tsohuwar jami'ar soja.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Garthwaite kuma ya girma a Hammersmith, London a shekarar 1980, ita ce babbar 'ya'ya uku na Sir Mark Garthwaite da Victoria Tuzo ('yar Janar Sir Harry Tuzo, tsohon Mataimakin Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Sama ta Turai kuma Babban Jami'in Kwamandan Sojojin Burtaniya a Arewacin Ireland a farkon lokacin Matsalolin ).  Garthwaite ya halarci Makarantar Benenden . 

## Sana'a
Garthwaite ta shiga Rundunar Sojan Burtaniya a matsayin jami'in shekara mai sauri (tare da matsayin Laftanar na Biyu ), tana aiki a Kanada da Jamus a matsayin wani ɓangare na Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa ta 3 Royal Horse Artillery da kuma horar da ita a matsayin jami'in lura na gaba, saboda "tana son ganin duniya amma [...] ba ta son ta yi watanni shida a King's Road tana aiki a wani mummunan mashaya tana samun £3.50 a kowace awa".  Yayin da take cikin Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa ta Horse, Garthwaite tana gyara jaridar rundunar.  Daga nan Garthwaite ta halarci Kwalejin St Hugh, Jami'ar Oxford daga 1999 zuwa 2003, ta kammala digiri na biyu a Tarihin Tsoho da na Zamani (ƙwararre a Alexander the Great ), yayin da kuma ta zama mai lacrosse Blue, kuma ta zo na biyu a Kyautar Rubuta Tafiya *[[The Guardian|ta Guardian]]* a 1999. 

Watanni biyu bayan kammala karatunta daga Oxford, Garthwaite ta yi tafiya zuwa Iraki a matsayin mai zaman kanta ba tare da goyon bayan ƙungiyoyi ba, kuma ba tare da ɗaukar kowane ɗayan darussan "muhalli mai ƙiyayya" da yawancin ƙungiyoyin labarai ke nacewa ma'aikatansu su ɗauka kafin a tura su yankunan da ake rikici ba. Ta shiga jaridar Baghdad Bulletin, wacce ke da tushe a fannin Ingilishi mai zaman kanta, inda abokan aikin Garthwaite da yawa, kamar ita, suka kammala karatunsu a makarantar gwamnati da Oxbridge . Garthwaite ta zama wakiliyar jaridar Basra, kuma a mafi yawan lokacinta a Basra, ita kaɗai ce 'yar jaridar Yammacin duniya da ke zaune a can. Garthwaite ta zama mai zaman kanta da ake nema tana ba da gudummawa ga kafofin watsa labarai a duk faɗin duniya - a cewarta, tana da ilimin harshen Larabci kuma sau da yawa ta san abin da ke faruwa fiye da sojojin Coalition ; a wannan lokacin, Garthwaite ta ba da labarin ga Reuters da Times of the Death of Baha Mousa, wani farar hula ɗan Iraqi wanda ya mutu a hannun Birtaniya. [1] An rufe Bulletin a ranar 15 ga Satumba, 2003 saboda matsalolin kuɗi da tsaro.

## Manazarta
Michelle Norris

Sajan **Michelle Suzanne Claire "Chuck" Norris** MC, wata soja ce ta rundunar sojin Burtaniya kuma likita da aka san ta da jarumtaka a yakin Iraki .   Ita ce mace ta farko da aka ba wa kyautar Gicciyen Soja. Sarauniya Elizabeth ta Biyu ta ba Norris lambar yabo da kanta a ranar 21 ga Maris, 2007 sakamakon ayyukanta a ranar 11 ga Yuni, 2006 yayin da take aiki a rundunar Sarauta ta Gimbiya Wales a Iraki. 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Norris a Stourbridge, West Midlands, Ingila. 

## Aikin soja
A ranar 11 ga Yunin 2006, Norris ta ga yaƙi mafi tsanani kuma mafi girma a Iraki tun 2004. Wani bincike da aka gudanar a Al Amarah ya ga ƙungiyar ƙungiyar Norris ta fuskanci mummunan harbi mai ƙarfi da daidaito daga rundunar abokan gaba sama da 200 da aka tsara sosai.  Private Norris tana aiki a matsayin ƙwararren likitan yaƙi da ke aiki a rundunar Royal Regiment ta Gimbiya ta 1 ta Wales,  Norris (a lokacin tana da shekaru 19) ta fito daga motarta ta Warrior Patrol ta hau gefen motar don ceto kwamandan motar, Sajan Launi Ian Page, wanda aka harbe shi a baki, duk da harbin bindiga da masu harbi suka yi masa da daddare. Harsashi ɗaya ya bugi rediyo kusa da gwiwanta yayin da take kula da sojan da ya ji rauni.  Daga nan ta taimaka ta ja sajan ɗin zuwa cikin motar yayin da ake ci gaba da harbinsa. Babban kwamandanta ya ba ta shawarar a ba ta lambar yabo saboda jarumtarta, kuma an bayar da kyautar Soja Cross a ranar 15 ga Disamba, 2006.  Ta sami kyautar ado daga Sarauniya Elizabeth ta Biyu a Fadar Buckingham a ranar 21 ga Maris, 2007.  An nuna abin da ya faru a ranar 11 ga Yuni a cikin wani mai a kan zane ta hanyar mai zane Stuart Brown . 

An kwashe Norris da Page da wani jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu na Burtaniya mai suna Lynx, wanda Kyaftin William Chesarek na rundunar sojojin ruwan Amurka ke jagoranta sakamakon wani shirin musayar jami'ai. [1] Daga baya an ba Chesarek lambar yabo ta Distinguished Flying Cross sakamakon ayyukansa a wannan lokacin, inda ya sami kyautar a lokaci guda Norris ta sami lambar yabo ta Soja.

## Kyaututtuka

## Manazarta
Julia Pirie

**Elizabeth Mary Julia Pirie** (8 ga Yuli 1918 - 2 ga Satumba 2008) an fi saninta da 'yar leƙen asiri ta Birtaniya wadda ta yi aiki a MI5 daga shekarun 1950 har zuwa lokacin ritayarta a shekarun 1990.  Iyalinta sun san ta da Elizabeth, amma abokan aikinta na MI5 sun san ta da Julia.   Da farko an ɗauke ta aiki don leƙen asiri a Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Burtaniya . Muhimmancin Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ya ragu sosai a shekarar 1978 kuma an janye ta daga matsayinta a can aka kuma ba ta wasu mukamai ta MI5.  

## Shekarun farko
An haife ta a Harbury, Warwickshire a ranar 8 ga Yuli, 1918, ga Elizabeth Mary Pirie da Allen Grant Pirie, Julia Pirie 'ya ce tilo.   Mahaifinta ɗan Aberdeen ne, kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama ne.   Ya mutu yayin da yake aiki tare da Rundunar Royal Warwickshire a Faransa a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, lokacin da Pirie ke da shekaru biyar kacal.   Daga baya mahaifiyar Pirie ta koma Calcutta ta asali, yanzu Kolkata, tare da 'yarta.   Pirie ta yi makaranta a gidan sufi na Loreto da ke Shillong, a karkarar Assam .   Ta koma Birtaniya lokacin da yaƙin ya ɓarke a shekarar 1939, musamman don shiga Yaƙin Neman Yaƙi da yi wa ƙasarta hidima.  

## Yunkurin Yaƙi
Da farko Pirie ta shiga Rundunar Sojojin Taimako, sashin mata na sojojin Birtaniya .   A cikin aikinta na farko, ta tuka motocin daukar marasa lafiya da sauran ababen hawa da aka ajiye a Shrewsbury .   Bayan D Day, ta yi aikin sa kai a Turai kuma ta ga aiki a Faransa da Jamus . Pirie tana tare da sojojin kawance na farko da suka shiga sansanin tsare-tsare na Bergen-Belsen na Nazi,   wanda hakan ya yi mata tasiri sosai. Daga baya aka tura ta tare da Sojojin Burtaniya a Rhine, bayan haka ta bar rundunar.  

## daukar ma'aikata MI5 da kuma cikin Jam'iyyar Kwaminis
Julia Pirie ta sake yin aiki a matsayin sakatare na Duchess na Atholl . Shugabar ƙungiyar British League for European Freedom, Duchess ta kasance mai adawa da ikon Soviet a Turai .   Pirie ta kuma shiga ƙungiyar agajin gaggawa ta Nursing Yeomanry (FANY) .   A lokacin yaƙin, FANY ta kasance wurin ɗaukar ma'aikata ga Babban Jami'in Ayyuka na Musamman kuma wataƙila MI5 ta yi amfani da su. Koma dai mene ne, Julia ta shiga MI5 ta kutsa kai cikin Jam'iyyar Kwaminis a matsayin mai buga rubutu. 

A cikin littafin mutuwar Pirie a cikin jaridar The Daily Telegraph, an bayyana ta a matsayin "ƙaramin mace mai kunya da kamannin budurwa mai gaskiya da kuma wacce ta yi kama da budurwa mai gaskiya", wacce "halinta mara girman kai ya ɓoye hankali mai kaifi da kuma ikon lura da ke da mahimmanci ga aikin wani jami'in sirri." [1] Ta yi aiki kai tsaye a cikin da'irar jam'iyyar, daga ƙarshe ta yi aiki kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin sakataren jam'iyyar John Gollan . Wannan ya sa ta sami damar isar da bayanai daga ofishin Gollan ga masu kula da MI5. [1]

## Manazarta
Nicky Moffat

Brigadier **Nicola Patricia Moffat**,  CBE (an haife ta a shekarar 1962  ) ita ce mace mafi girma a rundunar sojojin Birtaniya daga shekarar 2009 har zuwa lokacin da ta yi murabus a shekarar 2012.    Yanzu ita ce mai ba da shawara kan shugabanci kuma mai magana da yawun gwamnati. 

## Rayuwa
Moffat ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1985 da digirin BA a fannin Nazarin Hispanic daga Jami'ar Liverpool,  duk da haka ta ce "kusan an kore ta" saboda rashin kula da karatunta don ayyukan Horar da Jami'ai .  A shekarar 1995 ta sami digirin MA a fannin Nazarin Soja, Tsaro daga Jami'ar Cranfield . 

Ta shiga Rundunar Sojojin Mata ta wancan lokacin bayan ta kammala jami'a, kuma ta zauna a rundunar soja tsawon shekaru 26, ciki har da aikin sakatare na sirri na soja ga Geoff Hoon a lokacin da yake Ministan Tsaro .  Mukaminta na ƙarshe kafin ta yi murabus shine shugaban kula da albashi da dabarun aiki na rundunar sojojin ƙasa a Ma'aikatar Tsaro .  Ta ɗauki aikin da aka ba ta na son rai a shekarar 2012, tana mai cewa "Bayan dogon aiki mai kyau, ina fatan samun sabbin ƙalubale, ina amfani da ƙwarewar da sojoji suka ba ni."  Murabus ɗinta ya haifar da wani abin mamaki, domin watanni shida da suka gabata ta yi wata hira mai daɗi game da rundunar sojoji a matsayin sana'a ga mata.   Ta kafa What Good Leadership Looks Like consultancy,   kuma ta bayyana a matsayin mai jawabi a kwamitin bayar da kyaututtuka.  

A shekarar 2018, Moffat ya bayyana a matsayin babban malami a cikin shirin tarihin rayuwa na BBC Secret Agent Selection: WW2, wanda daga baya aka sake shi a Netflix a matsayin Churchill's Secret Agents: The New Recruits . Tare da Laftanar Kanar Adrian Weale da masanin ilimin halayyar soja Mike Rennie, an ba Moffat aikin farfaɗo da sake tsara tsarin horar da Babban Jami'in Ayyuka na Musamman da kuma tantance ko 'yan takara goma sha huɗu suna da abin da ake buƙata don rayuwa a matsayin wakilin sirri a Turai da Nazi ta mamaye. [1]

## Ganewa
An naɗa Moffat a matsayin Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa a bikin karramawa na Sabuwar Shekara ta 2012, wanda aka ambata a matsayin "Rundunar Janar Mai Ritaya (Reshen Tallafin Ma'aikata da Ma'aikata)". 

An zaɓe ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 100 na BBC a shekarar 2014, wanda aka ambata a matsayin "mace mafi matsayi a rundunar sojin Birtaniya". 

## Manazarta
Alanna Nihell

**Alanna Nihell** ( née Audley-Murphy ; an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Oktoba, 1985)  ɗan dambe ne ɗan Arewacin Ireland.

Nihell ta fafata a gasar Commonwealth ta 2014 inda ta lashe lambar tagulla a gasar mata ta mata mai sauƙi . [1] Ta kuma fafata a shekarar 2018. [2]

Ta shiga aikin soja kuma ta yi aiki a rundunar sojoji ta 27 ta Royal Logistic Corps  inda ta haɗu da mijinta, Chez Nihell, wanda ƙwararren ɗan dambe ne. 

## Manazarta
Kerry-Ann Knight

**Kerry-Ann Knight** tsohuwar soja ce 'yar Birtaniya kuma bakar fata 'yar Birtaniya wadda ta yi aiki na tsawon shekaru 12 a rundunar sojin Birtaniya .

Ta fi shahara saboda yadda aka nuna fuskarta a tallace-tallacen ɗaukar sojoji a Burtaniya a faɗin Burtaniya a wani yunƙuri na jawo hankalin mata da ƙananan kabilu zuwa rundunar sojin Birtaniya. BBC ta bayyana ta a matsayin "yarinya mai rubutu" ga rundunar sojin Birtaniya, kuma *[[The Guardian|Guardian]]* ta bayyana ta a matsayin "fuskar ɗaukar sojoji a Birtaniya."  

Bayan shekaru 12 a rundunar sojin Birtaniya, ta bar aikin soja bayan ta sha fama da wariyar launin fata da ta nuna wariya ga mata, wanda kafofin watsa labaran Birtaniya suka yi ta yadawa.

## Aikin soja
A lokacin aikinta na soja, Knight ta yi aiki a Jamus tare da rundunar sojoji ta 26, inda ita kaɗai ce mace baƙar fata a cikin rundunarta gaba ɗaya.  Ta kuma sami matsayin Kofur, kuma a shekarar 2021 ta zama malami a Kwalejin Gidauniyar Sojoji . 

A shekarar 2019, Knight ya zama fuskar daukar ma'aikatan soja na Burtaniya da aka buga mai taken "Me Me Me Millennials. Your Army Bukatar Kai da Imaninka." 

### Wariyar launin fata da ta jinsi
A lokacin da take aikin soja, Knight ta yi ikirarin cewa ta fuskanci cin zarafi da kuma ci gaba da nuna wariya ga mata da launin fata wanda Knight ya fara rubutawa a asirce. Wannan ya haɗa da zargin abokan aikinta suna yin mata kalaman batanci game da kankana, barazanar yin amfani da akwatin zafi, yin barkwanci game da yin mata fenti da kuma shafa mata fenti, kuma ta yi ta kiranta "baƙarya".  Knight ta kuma yi ikirarin cewa wasu daga cikin sojojinta sun yi ikirarin goyon bayan ƙungiyoyin wariyar launin fata kamar Ku Klux Klan, Britain First, da English Defence League . 

A lokacin horon ta, wani babban soja ya tsawata wa Knight saboda salon da ta sanya kitso, ya kuma ce mata "wannan ba ghetto ba ne". A shekarar 2013, wani babban abokin aikinta ya kai wa Knight hari a wani hari da ake zargin cewa ya samo asali ne daga launin fata. A lokacin da take aiki a Jamus, an gaya mata ta guji shiga wani hanya saboda sauran sojojinta sun nuna tutocin swastika da na Confederate . A lokacin da take aiki a kwalejin Gidauniyar Sojoji, sauran sojoji sun tara abubuwa da akwatuna masu datti a kan teburinta, kuma suka yi wa Django Unchained ihu a lokacin da take kusa, kuma malaman sun saka hotunan azzakari da Adolf Hitler a cikin ƙungiyar WhatsApp ta ƙwararru wadda take cikinta. Ta kuma yi iƙirarin cewa sojoji maza suna barazanar kashe ta. [1]

Lokacin da Knight ta kawo shaidar cin zarafin ga manyanta, an cire ta daga aikinta a ƙarƙashin sunan kare lafiyar kwakwalwarta. 

## Manazarta
Helen Maguire

**Helen Elaine Maguire**  (an haife ta a ranar 11 ga Yuli 1977) 'yar siyasa ce ta jam'iyyar Democrat ta Burtaniya wacce ta kasance 'yar majalisar dokoki (MP) ga Epsom da Ewell tun daga shekarar 2024. Kafin ta shiga siyasa, Maguire ta yi aiki a rundunar sojojin Burtaniya tare da ' yan sandan Royal Military kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai tara kuɗi da kuma mai koyar da motsa jiki.

## Rayuwar farko da aiki
Maguire ta yi karatun Faransanci da Jamusanci a jami'a. Ta sami aikin jami'inta daga Kwalejin Sojoji ta Royal Military Academy Sandhurst .  A matsayinta na tsohuwar Kyaftin a ' Yan sandan Royal Military, ta yi aiki a Bosnia a cikin aikin Rundunar Tsaro, da kuma a Iraki don taimakawa wajen sake gina 'Yan sandan Iraki da kuma samar da tallafin 'yan sanda a fagen yaki da ta'addanci ga sojojin ƙasa. 

Bayan barin aikin soja, Maguire ta yi aiki a matsayin mai koyar da motsa jiki ta kashin kanta kuma ta kafa kamfanin motsa jiki. Ta zama mai karɓar kuɗi a shekarar 2016 kuma daga baya ta gudanar da kasuwancin ba da shawara kan tara kuɗi. 

Maguire ta sami lambar yabo ta British Empire (BEM) a bikin karramawar ranar haihuwa ta 2023 saboda ayyukan da ta yi wa al'umma a Claygate, Surrey (a mazabar Esher da Walton da ke makwabtaka da ita. Tana zaune a Surrey tare da mijinta da 'ya'yanta 3.

## Aikin majalisar dokoki
Maguire ya lashe kujerar Epsom da Ewell a babban zaɓen 2024 da ƙuri'u 20,674 (kashi 37.9 cikin ɗari), inda ya sami rinjayen kuri'u 3,686 akan ɗan takarar Conservative na biyu. [1] [2] A baya, Chris Grayling, ɗan Conservative ne ya riƙe wannan kujera, wanda ya sanar a watan Oktoban 2023 cewa ba zai sake tsayawa takara ba. [3]

A ranar 18 ga Satumba, Shugaban jam'iyyar Liberal Democrat, Ed Davey, ya naɗa Maguire a matsayin kakakin jam'iyyar na tsaro a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar Frontbench . 

## Manazarta
Katrina Hodge

**Katrina Hodge** (an haife ta a ranar 29 ga Maris 1987) tsohuwar mamba ce a rundunar sojojin Burtaniya daga Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent, wacce aka ba ta lambar yabo ta Miss England ta 2009 bayan Rachel Christie ta sauka daga mulki.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife shi kuma ya girma a Tunbridge Wells, Hodge ya yi karatu a Makarantar 'Yan Mata ta Hillview da ke Tonbridge, sannan, tun yana ɗan shekara 15, a Makarantar Fasaha da Fasaha ta BRIT da ke Croydon . &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

=== Aikin soja ===
Bayan ƙanin ta ya ƙalubalance ta shiga aikin soja, Hodge ta shiga aikin soja tana da shekaru 17. Bayan horo na asali, an tura ta cikin Rundunar Sojojin Sama ta Royal Anglian a matsayin memba na Rundunar Adjutant General .

An tura Hodge zuwa [[Iraƙi|Iraki]] a shekarar 2005. Ta shahara cikin watanni da isowarta can bayan da aka ruwaito a jaridun Birtaniya cewa ta sami yabo saboda jarumtarta bayan ta yi kokawa da bindigogi biyu daga wani fursuna a wani gwagwarmaya da ta biyo bayan hatsarin hanya.   Lamarin ya kai ga an kara mata matsayi zuwa Kofural .

=== Yin tallan kayan kawa ===
Hodge ta zama abin koyi ga wani kamfanin tufafi, La Senza, a shekarar 2009. Ita ce ta zo ta biyu a gasar Miss England ta wannan shekarar, amma an ba ta lambar yabo ta Miss England bayan da wacce ta lashe gasar, Rachel Christie, ta yi murabus bayan ta shiga cikin fada.  Hodge ya samu sa'o'i 48 kacal don shiryawa kafin ya shiga gasar Miss World ta 59 da aka gudanar a Afirka ta Kudu. 

A matsayinta na Miss England, Hodge ta shawo kan masu shirya gasar da su cire zagayen bikini daga gasarsu. Ta ce, wannan zai canza ra'ayin mutane game da gasar kyau: "Don zama Miss England ba lallai ne ka zama yarinyar da ta fi kyau a cikin rigar ninkaya ba, abin godiya ya fi haka, yana nufin zama abin koyi mai kyau". An maye gurbin zagayen bikini na gasar 2010 da zagayen kayan wasanni.

A cikin watanni shida na hutu daga aikin soja da aka ba Hodge a lokacin da take Miss England, ta yi aiki a wani shafin soyayya, Uniform Dating, wanda ke da nufin taimaka wa ma'aikata masu kayan aiki su sami abokan soyayya. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

## Manazarta
Kylie Watson (sojan Sojojin Burtaniya)

**Kylie Elizabeth Watson**, MC likita ce a rundunar sojin Birtaniya daga Arewacin Ireland . An ba ta lambar yabo ta Cross ta Soja a ranar 25 ga Maris 2011 domin girmama jarumtakar da ta nuna a Afghanistan . 

## Aikin soja
Watson ta shiga Rundunar Sojan Burtaniya a shekarar 2006, kuma bayan ta kammala karatunta na farko da kuma karatun likitanci a fagen daga, ta shiga Rundunar Likitoci ta Sojojin Royal a watan Satumbar 2007. Bayan watanni shida na farko da ta yi aiki a Basra, Iraki a shekarar 2008, ta koma Burtaniya kuma ta cancanci zama likita a aji ɗaya. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

A shekarar 2010, Watson ta fara rangadinta a matsayin likita mai cikakken ƙwarewa a fagen daga, tana aiki tare da rundunar 9 Platoon, C Company, 1st Battalion, Duke of Lancaster's Regiment, wacce galibi take a Checkpoint Azadie a Lardin Helmand, Afghanistan. Yayin da take sintiri, Watson ta ɗauki matakin da ya sa aka ba ta lambar yabo ta Soja . Wata soja 'yar Afghanistan, mai nisan 70 metres (230 ft) . kafin Watson, ya sami raunuka biyu na harsashi a ƙashin ƙugu. Sojan, wanda ke cikin firgici, yana kula da shi ta hanyar harbi mai ƙarfi don ya karɓi iko amma abokan aikinsa na Afghanistan sun yi ƙoƙarin hana ta saboda ba sa son mace ta yi masa magani. [1] Ta sami nasarar dakatar da zubar jinin kuma ta raba ƙashin ƙugu. Daga nan sai Chinook ya kai shi asibiti a sansanin 'yan sanda . [ ana buƙatar ambato ]

A wani sintiri, Watson ta sanya kanta cikin "haɗarin mutuwa" don kula da wani sojan Afghanistan da ya ji rauni yayin da ake ci gaba da harbin 'yan Taliban.   An buge wani sojan ANA a ƙirji kuma ya daina numfashi. Watson ya yi ƙoƙarin farfaɗo da shi na tsawon mintuna 20 amma bai sami damar yin hakan ba. 

An ambaci sunan Watson's Military Cross:

## Manazarta
Niflheim

A cikin ilmin sararin samaniya na Norse, **Niflheim** ko **Niflheimr** ( Tsohon Norse :  ; "Duniyar Hazo",  a zahiri "Gidan Hazo") wuri ne wanda wani lokacin yake haɗuwa da ra'ayoyin Niflhel da Hel . Sunan *Niflheimr* ya bayyana ne kawai a cikin tushe guda biyu da ke akwai: *Gylfaginning* da *Hrafnagaldr Óðins* da aka yi ta muhawara akai-akai.

Niflheim galibi yanki ne na ƙanƙara da sanyi na asali, tare da kogunan Élivágar da suka daskare da kuma rijiyar Hvergelmir, daga cikinsu ne dukkan kogunan ke fitowa. 

A cewar Gylfaginning, Niflheim ita ce ta farko daga cikin manyan duniyoyi biyu da suka fito daga Ginnungagap, ɗayan kuma shine Muspelheim, duniyar wuta. Tsakanin waɗannan duniyoyi biyu na sanyi da zafi, halitta ta fara ne lokacin da ruwanta ya gauraya da zafin Muspelheim don samar da "tururi mai ƙirƙirar" ". Daga baya, ta zama mazaunin Hel, wata allahiya 'yar Loki, kuma lahira ga waɗanda take wakilta, waɗanda ba su mutu a matsayin jarumtaka ko kuma wani abin mamaki ba.

## Asalin Ma'anar
*Nifl* ("mist";  daga ina ne Icelandic **' ) yake kama da Tsohon Turanci ''nifol'' ("duhu, duhu"),  ( Tsakiya ) **' na Dutch, Tsohon Babban Jamusanci **' (" hazo ") da Tsohon Girkanci **', , (" gajimare ").

## ''Gylfaginning''
A cikin *littafin Gylfaginning* na Snorri Sturluson, Gylfi, sarkin tsohuwar Scandinavia, ya sami ilimi game da tatsuniyoyin Norse daga Odin wanda ya bayyana masa a cikin siffar mutane uku. Gylfi ya koya daga Odin (a matsayin *Jafnhárr*) cewa Niflheimr ita ce duniya ta farko da aka halitta bayan Muspelheim:

Odin (kamar yadda *Þriði*) ya ƙara gaya wa Gylfi cewa lokacin da kankara daga Niflheimr ta haɗu da harshen wuta daga Muspelheimr ne aka fara halitta, kuma daga nan aka samar da Ymir:

Dangane da bishiyar duniya ta Yggdrasill, *Jafnhárr* (Odin) ya gaya wa Gylfi cewa sanyi yana ƙarƙashin tushen na biyu, inda Ginnungagap (*Yawning Void*) ya taɓa kasancewa:

An kuma sanar da Gylfi cewa lokacin da Loki ta haifi Hel, Odin ya jefa ta cikin Niflheimr:

Ta haka Hel ta zama uwargidan duniyar waɗanda suka mutu saboda cuta da tsufa. Wannan shi ne kawai lokacin da aka daidaita Niflheim da Hel (Poetic Edda ya ambaci Hel amma bai faɗi komai game da Niflheim ba). Duk da haka, akwai ɗan rudani a cikin nau'ikan rubutun daban-daban, inda wasu daga cikinsu suka ce Niflheim yayin da wasu kuma suka ce Niflhel (mataki mafi ƙasƙanci na Hel). Don haka a cikin rubutun da ke bayanin makomar ƙarshe ta *jötunn* wanda Thor ya kashe bayan gina Asgard:

## ''Hrafnagaldr Óðins''
A cikin *Hrafnagaldr Óðins*, an ambaci Niflheimr a matsayin wani wuri a Arewa, inda rana (mai haskaka Alfr) ke bin dare yayin da take fitowa:

## Bayanan kula da nassoshi
Judith Webb

**Judith Webb** tsohuwar Manjo ce a rundunar sojojin Burtaniya kuma mai goyon bayan daidaiton yanayin jiki ga sojojin maza da mata. Ta bayyana a jerin sunayen mata 100 na BBC a shekarar 2013 da 2014. Ita ce mace ta farko da ta jagoranci rundunar sojojin Burtaniya wacce ba ta kunshi maza ba.

## Aikin soja
Webb ta yi aiki a rundunar sojojin Burtaniya ta 28, kuma ta yi aiki a Jamus da Cyprus. Ita ce mace ta farko da ta jagoranci rundunar sojoji maza kawai. Ta yi ritaya daga aikin soja a shekarar 1986. [1] [2] [3] A shekarar 2013 da 2014, Webb ta yi jayayya kan hana mata shiga rundunar sojojin kasa ta sojojin Burtaniya, domin ta yi jayayya cewa mata suna bukatar su cika matakan lafiyar jiki iri daya da maza, duk da cewa suna "bambanta a fannin jiki". Ta yi suka kan canje-canje a ka'idojin daukar ma'aikata wanda ya rage wa maza da mata wahala, tana mai cewa yunkuri ne na "cimma bukatun daidaiton jinsi". Ta kuma bayyana a matsayin shaida ga mata biyu da suka kasa cancanta a rundunar sojojin ruwa ta Amurka . [1] [2] [3]

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Webb da iyalinta sun gudanar da Makarantar 'Yan Mata ta Rossholme, wata makarantar 'yan mata mai zaman kanta a Gabashin Brent, Somerset, tsawon kusan shekaru 60. Webb ta gudanar da makarantar daga 1986 har zuwa 2005, lokacin da ta rufe ta saboda ƙarami ne da ba za a iya amfani da shi ba kuma ba za a iya faɗaɗa ta ba. An mayar da harabar makarantar don amfani da ita a matsayin masaukin hutu.   An saka Webb a cikin jerin mata 100 na BBC na 2013,  da 2014,  kuma ta haɗu da Joyce Aruga 'yar Kenya, wacce ke fatan kafa makaranta a wani ƙaramin gari a Nairobi. Webb ta ba ta kayan makaranta da suka rage daga Makarantar Rossholme, kuma ta ci gaba da tara kuɗi don tallafawa makarantar, wacce ake kira Cibiyar Ilimi ta Rossholme.  

## Manazarta
Margaret Tait

**Margaret Caroline Tait** (11 Nuwamba 1918 - 16 Afrilu 1999) likita ce, mai shirya fina-finai kuma mawakiya 'yar Scotland.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi

An haifi Tait kuma ta girma a Kirkwall, a Tsibirin Orkney da ke arewacin Scotland, kafin a tura ta makaranta a Edinburgh.  Ta halarci Jami'ar Edinburgh, inda ta sami digiri a fannin likitanci bayan kammala karatunta a 1941. Tsakanin 1943 da 1946 ta yi aiki a Rundunar Sojojin Sama, inda aka tura ta wurare daban-daban a Indiya, Sri Lanka da Malaya .  A shekarar 1950, ta koma Rome don yin karatun fim a Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia . 

## Sana'a
A shekarar 1952, bayan kammala karatunta a Italiya, Tait ta koma Scotland, inda ta zauna a titin Rose a Edinburgh [1] kuma ta kafa Ancona Films, wacce aka sanya wa suna bayan titin da ta sauka yayin da take karatu a Rome. [2] A wannan lokacin ta kasance kusa da Rose Street Poets da ke Edinburgh, waɗanda suka haɗa da Hugh MacDiarmid, Sorley Maclean da Norman MacCaig . [3] Daga 1955 zuwa 1961 ta kasance memba na majalisar da ke mulki ta ƙungiyar masu rajin kare muhalli ta Edinburgh mai tasiri a Cockburn Association . [4]

A tsakiyar shekarun 1960, ta zauna kusa da Helmsdale a Sutherland  kafin ta koma Orkney. A farkon shekarun 1970 ta yi fina-finai da suka samo asali daga yanayin ƙasa da al'adun tsibiran da kuma garin da aka haife ta, Kirkwall. Ta yi yawancin fina-finanta 32 na gajeru da kuma cikakken fim guda ɗaya, *Blue Black Permanent*, a Orkney. Ta kuma rubuta wakoki da waƙoƙi, ta buga kanta a 1959 da 1960 littattafai uku na baiti - *asali da abubuwa*, *The Hen and the Bees*, da *Subjects and Sequences* - da kuma gajerun labarai guda biyu, *Lane Furniture: Littafin Labarai* da *Labarun Ciyawa: Labarun Gajeru ga Yara* . A shekarar 2012, Sarah Neely ta yi edita a fannin ilimi a *Margaret Tait Poems, Stories and Writings* tare da gabatarwa daga Ali Smith . An buga bugu na biyu a matsayin Carcanet Classic a 2023. 

Fina-finan Tait sun nuna sha'awarta ga waƙa. An sanya wa *Leaden Echo da Golden Echo* suna ne bayan waƙar Gerard Manley Hopkins kuma tana ɗauke da Tait tana karanta ta; *Hugh MacDiarmid, A Portrait* ta nuna mawaƙiyar, wacce ta karanta daga waƙoƙinta da dama; game da taken da abubuwan da ke cikin fim ɗinta *mai suna Colour Poems*, ta rubuta, "Waƙa ta fara da kalmomi ana ci gaba da nunawa a cikin hotuna." Yawancin bincike game da aikin Tait ya nuna ingancin waƙoƙinta. Ali Smith ya rubuta game da fim ɗinta *mai suna Aerial* : "Ga ƙaramin waƙa na rashin gajiya da kyawun halitta, a kusa da mu".  Marubuci ɗan'uwan Orcadian George MacKay Brown ya rubuta cewa fim ɗin Tait mai *suna Place of Work* "yana tuna waƙar TS Eliot mai suna *Burnt Norton* : Garden and house, ƙaramin wuri a lokacin da abubuwa masu kyau da ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa suka faru—soyayya da haihuwa da mutuwa."  A cikin shirin gaskiya *Margaret Tait: Film Maker*, wanda aka shirya don Channel Four Television a 1983, Tait ta bayyana aikin rayuwarta a matsayin yin " waƙoƙin fim ". 

## Mutuwa da gado

## Manazarta
Philippa Tattersall

**Philippa "Pip" Joan Angel Delamere-Wright**  ( née Tattersall ; an haife ta a shekarar 1975) tsohuwar jami'ar soja ce 'yar Ingila. Ita ce mace ta farko da ta yi nasara a kwas ɗin All Arms Commando na makonni 9, inda ta shiga babban tsarin aiki, 3 Commando Brigade .    

An haifi Tattersall a Landan, [1] kuma ta koma Aberdeenshire lokacin tana da shekaru biyu bayan mahaifinta ya sami aikin injiniya a masana'antar mai ta Scotland. [2] Ta halarci Makarantar Roedean da ke Gabashin Sussex, sannan ta karɓi aikin soja na wucin gadi domin samun tallafin karatu don nazarin kimiyyar wasanni a Kwalejin Chester, kafin daga baya ta sami horon jami'a a RMA Sandhurst . [1] [2] [3] Bayan horon ta, ta koyar na tsawon watanni shida a wata makarantar Kosovan . [1] [2]

Tattersall ta kammala kwas ɗin Commando cikin nasara a watan Mayu na 2002 bayan yunƙurin da ba a yi nasara ba sau biyu a baya. Ta yi aiki a reshen Ayyukan Ilimi da Horarwa na Rundunar Adjutant General .

Tattersall ta yi iyo a Tekun Ingila a shekarar 2006 kuma ta lashe lambar azurfa a gasar tseren dusar ƙanƙara ta Burtaniya ta 2009, da kuma kasancewa mai gudu a gasar CaniX ta 2008 da kuma gasar Marathon ta London ta 2009.  A shekarar 2023, Tattersall ta kasance mai fafatawa a gasar *Alone UK*, inda ta kasance uwa ga 'ya'ya biyu kuma tana aiki a matsayin kocin ninkaya na daji da kuma mai koyar da waje.  

## Manazarta
John Henry (littafin hoto)

**John Henry** littafi ne na hotunan yara na Julius Lester na shekarar 1994 kuma Jerry Pinkney ne ya zana shi. Yana game da fitaccen jarumin nan na Amurka John Henry . A shekarar 1998, Samuel L. Jackson ya ba da labarin wani fim na minti 19 na littafin kuma Weston Woods Studios ya fitar da shi.

## Liyafar maraba
*Mujallar Littafin Horn*, a cikin wani sharhi da ta yi wa *John Henry*, ta rubuta "An ƙara wa tatsuniyar asali ta John Henry .. ta kuma wadatar da shi, a cikin sake ba da labarin Lester, tare da cikakkun bayanai na zamani da misalan waƙoƙi masu ban sha'awa waɗanda ke ƙara barkwanci, kyau, da ƙarfi." kuma ta kira zane-zanen littafin "ƙananan kaɗan ne na ban mamaki."  *Booklist* ya rubuta "Kamar manyan tarin labaran Uncle Remus na Lester, waɗanda Pinkney ya kwatanta, an ba da labarin da kauri da wayo, barkwanci da ƙari, da kuma nan take mai jan hankali wanda ya haɗa ɗan adam da duniyar halitta." 

*Publishers Weekly* ta bayar da wani sharhi mai tauraro inda ta gano cewa "sake maimaitawa" kuma ta kammala da cewa "Wannan ba zai maye gurbin sake maimaitawa na gargajiya ba, kamar littafin Terry Small mai suna The Legend of John Henry, amma nasarar haɗin gwiwa ce daga waɗanda suka ƙirƙiri sake maimaitawa na Uncle Remus." 

An kuma yi wa *John Henry* bita ta *Kirkus Reviews*,  *Mujallar Laburare ta Makaranta*,  *Hanyoyin Haɗi na Littattafai*,  *Malamin Laburare*,  da kuma *Tattaunawar Laburare* . 

## Kyaututtuka

* Kyautar Zaɓar Iyaye ta 1994 - Kyautar Zinare 
* Kyautar Littafin Hoto na Boston Globe ta 1995 - wacce ta lashe 
* Lambar yabo ta Caldecott ta 1995 - girmamawa 

## Nassoshi
Kassim's Shoes

Littafin *Kassim's Shoes* littafi ne na yara na Harold Berson na shekarar 1977. Littafin ya sake ba da labarin tatsuniyar ƙasar Morocco, Crown ne ya buga shi, inda aka yi masa sharhi mai kyau.

## Takaitaccen Bayani
Mutanen wani ƙauye a ƙasar Morocco suna ba da sabbin takalma ga wani ɗan kasuwa na yankin, Kassim, a madadin tsohon takalminsa da ya lalace; hadurra suna faruwa a duk lokacin da ya yi ƙoƙarin bayar da shi.   

## Bayani
Aikin Harold Berson sake ba da labarin "Takalman Abu Kassim",  tatsuniya ce daga Maroko  wadda ta yaɗu a Gabas ta Tsakiya tun ƙarni na 14-15, kuma wataƙila ta shiga Turai ta hanyar Spain.  Labarin asali kuma an san shi da lakabin "Takalman Abu Kasim", "Takalman Tsohon Silifas", "Pantofles",  "Takalman Ƙarshe",  da "Tatsuniyar Qadi da Silifas ɗinsa"  da sauran bambance-bambancen da dama.  An kuma sami gyare-gyare daga Nancy Green (1963)  da Geraldine McCaughrean (1982). 

## Liyafar maraba
Sharhin *Takalman Kassim* sun kasance masu kyau sosai, tare da yabo ga zane-zanen Berson.    *Jaridar Laburare ta Makaranta* ta kira shi "labarin hoto mai kyau",  yayin da *Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books* ta ga "an sake ba da shi da kyau".  Gene Langley ' *Christian Science Monitor* ya annabta cewa "yara za su fi jin daɗi [fiye da iyayensu] bin labarin zuwa ƙarshensa na gaskiya da na gaskiya."  Kamar yadda Barbara Pierce ta *Poughkeepsie Journal* ta ce, "Ga shaida cewa abu mai sauƙi, na yau da kullun zai iya zama tushen labari mai kyau, idan aka yi amfani da shi da tunani." 

## Nassoshi