Yarjejeniya 08

**Yarjejeniya 08** ta kasance wata takarda ce da aka sanya hannu da farko ta Masu adawa da 'yan adawa da' 'Yancin ɗan adam 303 na kasar Sin. An buga shi a ranar 10 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2008, ranar cika shekaru 60 na Universal Declaration of Human Rights, yana karɓar sunansa da salon sa daga Yarjejeniyar Soviet ta 77 da masu adawa da Czechoslovakia suka bayar. Tun lokacin da aka saki shi, fiye da mutane 10,000 a ciki da wajen kasar Sin sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar. Bayan kokarin sake fasalin da bai yi nasara ba a cikin 1989 da 1998 ta ƙungiyar dimokuradiyya ta kasar Sin, Yarjejeniyar 08 ita ce ƙalubale ta farko ga mulkin jam'iyya ɗaya wanda ya ayyana ƙarshen mulkin jam'iyyar ɗaya ya zama burinsa; an Bayyanawa shi a matsayin na farko tare da dabarun hadin kai.

A shekara ta 2009, an yanke wa daya daga cikin marubutan Yarjejeniyar 08, Liu Xiaobo, hukuncin shekaru goma sha ɗaya a kurkuku saboda "ta da rushewar ikon jihar" saboda sa hannu. Bayan shekara guda, Liu ta sami Kyautar Nobel ta Zaman Lafiya ta 2010 daga Kwamitin Nobel na Norway. A shekara ta 2017, an ba shi izinin likita kuma ya mutu jim kadan bayan ciwon daji na hanta.

## Bukatar
Da yawa daga cikin masu sa hannu na asali sun kasance fitattun 'yan kasar Sin a ciki da waje da gwamnati, gami da lauyoyi; mawaki da marubucin Tibet, Woeser; da Bao Tong, tsohon babban jami'in Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta kasar Sin, wadanda dukansu sun fuskanci haɗarin kamawa da ɗaurin kurkuku. Yarjejeniyar ta yi kira ga canje-canje 19 ciki har da tsarin shari'a mai zaman kansa, 'yancin tarayya, kawar da mulkin jam'iyya daya da kuma mallakar dukkan kamfanoni da gonar gona. "Dukkanin rikice-rikicen zamantakewa sun ci gaba da tarawa kuma jin dadin rashin jin daɗi ya karu akai-akai, "in ji shi. "Tsarin yanzu ya koma baya har zuwa inda ba za a iya kauce wa canji ba. "China ta kasance babbar iko a duniya da ke riƙe da tsarin mulkin mallaka wanda ya saba wa haƙƙin ɗan adam, in ji ta. "Wannan halin dole ne ya canza! Ba za a iya jinkirta sauye-sauyen dimokuradiyya na siyasa ba!" 

## Amsa

### China

Gwamnatin kasar Sin ba ta faɗi komai a fili game da Yarjejeniyar ba. A ranar 8 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2008, kwana biyu kafin bikin cika shekaru 60 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ta amince da Sanarwar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya, 'yan sanda sun tsare Liu Xiaobo, sa'o'i kafin a saki Yarjejeniyar a kan layi. An tsare shi kuma daga baya aka kama shi a ranar 23 ga Yuni 2009, kan zargin "tsarin tayar da rushewar ikon jihar".  Masu karɓar kyautar Nobel da yawa sun rubuta wasika ga Shugaba Hu Jintao suna neman a sake shi;  a mayar da martani, gwamnatin kasar Sin ta hana su:  aƙalla 70 daga cikin masu sa hannu 303 na asali 'yan sanda sun kira su ko kuma sun yi musu tambayoyi yayin da kafofin watsa labarai na cikin gida suka hana su yin hira da duk wanda ya sanya hannu kan takardar. Har ila yau, 'yan sanda sun nemi ko sun tambayi wani ɗan jarida, Li Datong, da lauyoyi biyu, kodayake ba a kama kowa ba.[1] An dakatar da kafofin watsa labarai na jihar daga bayar da rahoto game da takardar. An rufe shafin yanar gizon da ya shahara tare da masu fafutuka, bullog.cn, wanda wataƙila yana da alaƙa da Yarjejeniyar. A ranar 25 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2009, kotun ta yanke wa Liu Xiaobo hukuncin shekaru 11 a kurkuku saboda "ta da alhakin karkatar da ikon jihar". A ranar 8 ga Oktoba 2010, an ba shi kyautar Nobel ta zaman lafiya "saboda gwagwarmayarsa mai tsawo da rashin tashin hankali don kare hakkin dan adam na asali a kasar Sin".

### A waje da kasar Sin
Gwamnatoci da yawa, gami da na Amurka  da Jamus,  da kuma 'yan adawa a Taiwan,  sun yi Allah wadai da cin zarafin magoya bayan Yarjejeniyar 08 da kuma yabon Yarjejeniyar. Jaridu na Yammacin Turai sun rufe Yarjejeniyar da kyau, kuma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na duniya sun goyi bayan saƙonsa. David Stanway ya ruwaito a cikin *[[The Guardian]]* cewa "an yaba da shi a matsayin mafi mahimmancin aikin rashin amincewar jama'a game da jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta kasar Sin tun lokacin da aka murkushe zanga-zangar Demokradiyya ta Tiananmen Square a shekarar 1989. "  Sauran mutane na duniya, ciki har da Dalai Lama, sun kuma nuna goyon baya da sha'awar Yarjejeniyar.  Har ila yau, akwai zanga-zangar a Hong Kong da ke neman a saki Liu Xiaobo da sauran masu sanya hannu. Kungiyar da Liu ya jagoranci don bin Yarjejeniyar 8, ta sami tallafin kuɗi daga Hukumar Kula da Dimokuradiyya ta Amurka.

## Manazarta