Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam a Nicaragua

**Haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam a Nicaragua** yana nufin haƙƙin mutum, siyasa da zamantakewa da aka ba kowane ɗan adam a Nicaragua.  Nicaragua ta sami fahimtar haƙƙin ɗan adam daga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Nicaragua da dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa. Nicaragua kasa ce ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wadda ta bayyana cewa an ba da dama ga muhimman hakkokin bil'adama, kamar 'yanci daga bauta da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki, ga dukan 'yan Adam ba tare da nuna wariya ba . 

A cikin shekara ta 2019, zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnati ta bazu ko'ina cikin ƙasar don mayar da martani ga sauye-sauyen da gwamnatin Sandinista National Liberation Front (A cikin Mutanen Espanya Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional FSLN) ta yi na gwamnati na tsarin tsaron zamantakewar ƙasar. Wannan ya haifar da martani daga *kungiyoyin* ‘yan sanda, ‘yan sanda na kasa, da kungiyoyin sa ido da kula da su.  Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa an kashe masu zanga-zangar 328 a wani koma baya (ya zuwa ranar 20 ga Satumba na shekara ta 2019).  Wannan ya jawo hankalin duniya game da aiwatar da yancin ɗan adam a cikin ƙasar tare da ƙungiyoyi irin su Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Amirka da ke kayyade abubuwan da suka faru a matsayin cin zarafi na Yarjejeniyar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya.  

## Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Nicaragua ya ambaci 'yancin ɗan adam
An ƙaddamar da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Nicaragua a cikin shekara ta 1987 tare da sabbin gyare-gyaren da aka yi a cikin 2014.  An ƙirƙiri shi ne don tabbatar da tsarin dimokuradiyya ga gwamnati. An jera a ƙasa sassan Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Nicaragua waɗanda ke nuna dokoki da ƙa'idodin 'yancin ɗan adam a cikin ƙasar. 

### Take I: Muhimmin Ka'ida
Mataki na 5 ya bayyana cewa darajar Nicaragua sun haɗa da amincewa da kariya ga 'yan asalin ƙasa da na Afirka; ana iya bayyana duk ra'ayoyin siyasa cikin 'yanci; a yi wa naƙasassu magani daidai gwargwado ba tare da nuna bambanci ba; Manufofin gurguzanci sun tabbatar da cewa ni ba na son abin da ke da kyau na gama gari ya fi amfanin mutum muhimmanci, kuma yana adawa da cin zarafi tsakanin mutane; dukkan mutane ana kimarsu daidai gwargwado a tsarin da zai amfanar da mafi yawan talakawa, marasa galihu da marasa galihu; al'ummar Nicaragua za su fuskanci hadin kai ta hanyar daidaito; kuma duk mutane suna da hakkin mallakar dukiya ba tare da nuna bambanci ba. 

### Take IV: Hakkoki, Ayyuka da Garanti na Mutanen Nicaragua

#### Babi na I: Haƙƙin daidaikun mutane
Wannan babin yana ƙayyade haƙƙin mutanen Nicaragua na rayuwa; haƙƙin sirri; haƙƙoƙi don kare mutuncin mutum; hakkoki na kariya daga Jiha; hakkoki ga bayanai; 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki; 'yancin yin addini; haƙƙoƙin yin shari'a na gaskiya, gaggawa da kuma jama'a tare da zato na rashin laifi da haƙƙin shawara; 'yancin motsi; kariya daga ɗaurin ƙarya; haramcin azabtar da jiki, mugunyar cuta da azabtarwa; haramcin bauta. 

Mataki na ashirin da bakwai ya bayyana cewa duk mutanen da ke cikin yankinsa, ko kuma ƙarƙashin ikonsa, suna daidai kuma suna da hakkin su sami kariya daidai ba tare da la'akari da jinsi, imani, matsayin zamantakewa, matsayin kuɗi, ƙungiyar siyasa, iyaye, ƙasa, asali, launin fata, harshe, harshe., ko addini. 

#### Babi na biyu: ‘Yancin Siyasa
Wannan babi ya ƙayyade cewa duk mutanen Nicaragua suna da 'yancin yin amfani da haƙƙin siyasa ba tare da la'akari da jinsi ba; haƙƙin ƴancin ƙungiyoyin siyasa; haƙƙin ɗaiɗaikun koke na jama'a; da hakkokin kafa jam'iyyun siyasa. 

Mataki na 53 ya ce Jiha ta amince da yancin yin taro cikin lumana ba tare da izini ba. 

Mataki na 54 ya bayyana cewa "an amince da haƙƙin taron jama'a, zanga-zangar da gangami bisa ga doka". 

#### Babi na uku: Hakkokin zamantakewa
Wannan babin yana ƙayyade haƙƙin mutanen Nicaragua na yin aiki; hakkokin al'ada; haƙƙin kula da lafiya; haƙƙin rayuwa a cikin yanayi mai kyau da wajibai don kula da wannan yanayi; hakkoki ga zamantakewa; hakkokin da za a kare daga yunwa; haƙƙoƙin ga gidaje masu kyau, jin daɗi da aminci; haƙƙin hutu da jin daɗi; 'yancin yin jarida; 'yancin yin addini; da tallafin Jiha ga nakasassu. Nicaragua was ranked 122nd out of 167 in 2019.

#### Babi na IV: Hakkokin Iyali
. 

Mataki na 71 ya bayyana cewa haƙƙoƙin yara an ƙaddara shi ta yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kan 'yancin yara . 

#### Babi na V: Haƙƙin Aiki
Wannan babin yana ƙayyade haƙƙin mutanen Nicaragua na yin aiki; haƙƙin samun daidaiton biya; hakkoki ga yanayin aiki mai aminci; hakkin yajin aiki; haƙƙoƙin haɓaka ƙwarewa; haƙƙin zaɓar wani aiki; haƙƙin shiga ƙungiyoyin kwadago; gazawar sa'o'in aiki da haƙƙin hutu da nishaɗi; gazawar aikin yara, da kariyarsu daga cin gajiyar tattalin arziki da zamantakewa. 

#### Babi na VI: Hakkokin Al'ummomin Tekun Atlantika
Mataki na 89 ya bayyana cewa an san al'ummomin Tekun Atlantika a matsayin mutanen Nicaragua kuma suna da hakki da wajibai iri ɗaya. Suna da haƙƙin gudanar da mulkin kansu da gudanar da al'amuran gida bisa ga al'ada, duk suna cikin haɗin kan ƙasa.

Wannan babi ya ƙayyade cewa al'ummomin Tekun Atlantika suna da haƙƙin kiyaye harsuna, fasaha da al'adu, da haɓaka waɗannan nau'ikan; da kariya daga nuna wariya a matsayin ƴan ƙasar Nicaragua.

## Matsayin Dimokuradiyya

Sashin leƙen asiri na Economist (EIU) ne ya fara kimar Dimokraɗiyya a cikin 2006. Yana fayyace yanayin dimokuradiyyar kasashe 167 na duniya tare da karkasa su zuwa kashi kamar haka: cikakken dimokuradiyya, dimokuradiyya maras kyau, tsarin mulkin kama-karya, mulkin kama-karya.  Nicaragua ta kasance matsayi na 122 a cikin 167 a cikin 2019.  Maki na 3.55 ya ware ƙasar a matsayin mulkin kama -karya. Wannan ya ragu daga mafi girman maki na Nicaragua na 6.07, da rarrabuwa na dimokiradiyya mara kyau, a cikin 2008. 

## Halayen haƙƙin ɗan adam

### Kungiyoyi da damuwarsu
A shekara ta 2019, ƙungiyoyi da suka haɗa da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da Kungiyar Ƙasashen Amurka sun bayyana "cin zarafin bil'adama" da ke faruwa a kasar a lokacin.  

#### Ofishin hukumar kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya
Rahoton Babban Kwamishinan Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da aka yi kan Halin Hakkokin Dan Adam a Nicaragua ofishin ne ya buga shi a cikin 2019 (03 Sep 2019).  Babban take hakkin dan Adam da OHCHR ta damu da su shine 'yancin yin taro na lumana, 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da tarayya, 'yancin walwala, 'yancin walwala daga azabtarwa da yanayin tsare mutane,  

A cewar rahoton, rundunar ‘yan sandan kasar ta haramta zanga-zangar da kowace kungiya za ta fara tun daga watan Satumban 2018, sannan ta koma yin amfani da karfin tuwo a kan wadanda suka ci gaba da zanga-zangar. Har ila yau ta bayyana cewa tashe-tashen hankula da kungiyoyin da ke goyon bayan gwamnati suka nuna na samun goyon bayan jami'an 'yan sanda. 

Ana ci gaba da muzgunawa ma'aikatan yada labarai, 'yan jarida da kuma tsirarun kungiyoyin da ke fuskantar hare-hare daga dakarun da ke goyon bayan gwamnati. ‘Yan sanda da sauran hukumomin da abin ya shafa ba su binciki wadannan al’amura ba, kuma ba su yi wani yunkuri na hana su sake faruwa ba.  Ƙungiyoyin da suka yi zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnati galibi ana tsare su kuma ana azabtar da su, wanda hakan ya haifar da keta haƙƙin ɗan adam. 

#### Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Amirka
An fitar da rahoton Hukumar Babban Matakin Ƙungiyar Amurka kan Nicaragua ga manema labarai a ranar 19 ga Nuwambar shekara ta 2019.  Rahoton ya zargi gwamnatin kasar Nicaragua da tauye wa ‘yan kasarsu hakkin dan adam ta hanyar amfani da muzgunawa da tursasawa, tauye ‘yancin siyasa, take hakkin ‘yan jarida da fadin albarkacin bakinsu, cin zarafi da tsare mutane ba bisa ƙa’ida ba, karkashin kasa da bangaren zartarwa. da kuma kawo cikas ga tsarin mulkin kasa. 

Rahoton ya ce 'yan sanda na amfani da dabarun tsoratarwa don yin shiru tare da hana mutane yin magana kan take hakkin bil'adama.  Majalisar dokokin ƙasar ta janye damar siyasa ta ‘yan ƙasar saboda sukar gwamnati. 

Rahoton ya bayyana cewa gwamnati ta sabawa kundin tsarin mulkin ƙasar ta hanyar rashin tabbatar da kafuwar ‘yancin dan Adam da aka baiwa ‘yan kasar a cikin takardar.

#### Human Rights Watch
Rahoton na duniya da kungiyar ta buga a shekara ta 2019 ya nuna irin cin zarafin bil adama daban-daban da ake kyautata zaton an yi a Nicaragua yayin zanga-zangar.  Sun bayyana cewa gwamnati tare da 'yan sanda na ƙasa sun fara yin shiru na masu zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnati ta hanyar tashin hankali, wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 324 (Satumba 2019).  Har ila yau, sun yi nuni da cewa, masu kare haƙƙin bil adama sun zama wadanda ake kai hare-hare kan barazanar kisa, ‘yan sandan kasar sun hana ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ta hanyar kai samame a ofisoshin yada labarai, ana korar ma’aikata saboda nuna wariya a siyasance, sannan kuma wadanda ake tsare da su, an tauye hakkinsu ga masu kare shari’a. zabinsu kuma sun fuskanci gwaji a rufe.  Rahoton ya lissafa waɗannan ayyuka a matsayin "mummunan cin zarafi ga masu suka da abokan hamayya ba tare da wani hukunci ba". 

#### Amnesty Amurka
Amnesty ta Amurka ta lissafa cin zarafin mata, take haƙƙin  faɗin albarkacin baki, da take haƙƙin jima'i da haihuwa a matsayin manyan abubuwan da ke damun kasar.  Nicaragua ta haramta zubar da ciki a kowane yanayi a shekara ta 2006 kuma ba ta soke wannan doka ba duk da manyan yunƙuri biyu na yin hakan a shekara ta 2008 da shekara ta 2014 bisa imanin cewa wannan dokar ta saba wa tsarin mulki.  Amnesty Amurka ta damu da alakar da ke tsakanin wannan doka da ake yadawa da karuwar mace-macen mata masu juna biyu.  Kungiyar ta kuma bayyana damuwarta kan rikicin siyasa tsakanin magoya bayan FSLN da masu zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnati, inda ta bayyana cewa kungiyoyin da ke goyon bayan gwamnati sun kai hari kan masu zanga-zangar kuma ba a kama su ba saboda wannan zanga-zangar ta tashin hankali.  An dai yi wa masu zanga-zangar barazana da za su tayar da zaune tsaye domin su toshe ra'ayoyinsu na siyasa, kuma Amnesty ta ce ba a gurfanar da masu laifi a gaban kuliya ba a ƙarƙashin wannan gwamnati. 

### Labaran watsa labarai
Labari game da zanga-zangar da take haƙƙin ɗan adam sun isa tashoshi da wallafe-wallafe daban-daban, ciki har da Labaran BBC, The Guardian, da Al Jazeera.    Labarai da yawa sun mayar da hankali kan rawar da Daniel Ortego ya taka a zanga-zangar da kuma koma bayan da masu zanga-zangar suka fuskanta. Wakilan BBC da Guardian da Al Jazeera duk sun tabbatar da rahotannin daga kungiyoyin da aka lissafa tare da bayyana cewa kungiyoyin masu goyon bayan gwamnati da 'yan banga ne ke yada tashin hankalin.   

### Martanin gwamnati
Shugaban ƙasar Nicaragua, Daniel Ortego, ya bayyana cewa masu fataucin miyagun kwayoyi da makiya siyasa ne suka haddasa tashe-tashen hankula a Nicaragua, ba wai gwamnatinsa ba.  Ya bayyana cewa an yi wani "kamfen na karya...don kokarin cutar da martabar Nicaragua da gwamnatinta".  Ya kuma musanta cewa an taba kai hari kan wata zanga-zangar lumana. 

## 2021 murkushe zaben
A cikin watanni kafin babban zaben kasar Nicaragua na 2021, Shugaba Ortega ya daure masu kalubalantar ofishin shugaban kasa guda bakwai.  Gwamnatin Ortega ta rufe dukkan jaridun da ake bugawa a kasar ta hanyar toshe hanyoyin samar da takarda, sannan kuma sun kai samame ofisoshin jaridar 'yan adawar *La Prensa* a watan Agustan 2021.

A ranar 7 ga Nuwambar shekara ta, 2021, *[[CNN]]* ta ba da rahoton cewa an kira zaɓen "wasan kwaikwayo," "sham," da "mafi munin yanayi" don jefa ƙuri'a. An zargi gwamnatin Daniel Ortega da hana shiga harkokin siyasa na abokan hamayya da kuma sa ido sosai kan tsarin zaben. Har ila yau, shari'o'in rashin fahimta da yin amfani da shafukan sada zumunta sun bayyana a matsayin wani abin da zai iya gurgunta harkar zabe. 

## Manazarta