Tsarin Littafin Taswira

. 

. 
**Atlas** Ya kasan ce wani tarin taswira ne ; galibi tarin taswirar Duniya ne ko yankin Duniya . 

Atlases a al'adance ana ɗaure su ne a cikin sigar littafi, amma a yau atlass da yawa suna cikin sifofin multimedia . Bugu da kari ya gabatar da yanayin siffofin da kuma siyasa iyaka, da yawa atlases sau da yawa kunshi geopolitical, zamantakewa, addini da kuma tattalin arziki statistics . Suna kuma da bayanai game da taswira da wuraren da ke ciki.

## Bayanin Lantarki
Tunanin atlas a wajan tunaninta na zamani da kuma nau'ikan atlas a yadda ya dace sune aka kirkira kuma daga cikin gudummawar farko na masu zane-zanen Netherlandish na zamani, masu ilimin kasa da kasa ;  galibi Gerardus Mercator (wanda ya fara amfani da kalmar 'atlas' don tarin taswira)  da kuma Abraham Ortelius (wanda galibi aka san shi a matsayin mahaliccin atlas na farko na gaskiya a yanayin zamani ).  Amfani da kalmar "atlas" a cikin mahallin yanki ya faro ne daga 1595 lokacin da Bajamushe-Flemish geographer Gerardus Mercator ya buga *Atlas Sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura* ( *Atlas ko canjin yanayin duniya game da halittar duniya, da kuma duniya kamar yadda halitta* ).Wannan taken yana ba da ma'anar kalmar Mercator a matsayin kwatancin halitta da sifar dukkan duniya,ba wai kawai a matsayin tarin taswira ba. Thearar da aka buga bayan mutuwar shekara guda bayan mutuwarsa rubutu ne mai fadi amma amma, yayin da bugu suka samo asali,ya zama kawai tarin taswira kuma a cikin wannan ma'anar ne aka yi amfani da kalmar daga tsakiyar karni na sha bakwai. Addinin neologism wanda Mercator ya kirkira alama ce ta girmamawa ga Titan, Atlas, "Sarkin Mauritania", wanda yake ganin shine babban masanin kasa.

## Tarihin atlases
Ya yi Aikin sa na farko wanda ya ƙunshi tsararren taswirori masu girman tsari iri ɗaya wanda yake wakiltar atlas na farko na zamani an shirya shi ta mai zane mai zane na Italiya Pietro Coppo a farkon ƙarni na 16, amma ba a buga shi a lokacin ba saboda haka ba a la'akari da atlas na farko. Maimakon haka, an ba da wannan take ga tarin taswirar *Theatrum Orbis Terrarum* ta mai ɗaukar hoto na Brabantian Abraham Ortelius wanda aka buga a 1570. Akwai, duk da haka, akwai bambanci sosai akan yadda aka buga atlases a ƙarni na 16 zuwa 19 kuma a zamanin yau. Sabanin yanzu yawancin atlass ba a ɗaure suke ba kuma a shirye suke don abokin ciniki ya saya, amma abubuwan da suke iya yiwuwa an ajiye su daban. Abokin ciniki na iya canza abin da ke ciki zuwa yadda suke so, sanya taswirar launi / haske ko ba haka ba kuma bayan mai bugawa da abokin ciniki sun yarda an ɗaura atlas. Saboda haka yana iya yiwuwa atlas ɗin da aka fara bugawa tare da shafi iri ɗaya suna iya zama daban-daban cikin abubuwan ciki. 

## Nau'in atlases
Ana *yin atlas* ɗin *tafiya* don sauƙin amfani yayin tafiye-tafiye, kuma galibi yana da alaƙa ta karkace don haka za a iya ninka shi ƙasa (misali Kamfanin Taswira na AZ sanannen A-Z atlases). Yana da taswira a babban zuƙowa don haka za'a iya sake duba taswirar a sauƙaƙe. Hakanan ana iya kiran *taswirar tafiya* azaman *taswirar hanya* . 

*Atlas na tebur* an yi kama da littafin tunani. Yana iya zama a cikin tsari ko takarda.

Akwai atlases na sauran duniyoyin (da tauraron dan adam dinsu) a cikin Tsarin Rana . 

Atlases na anatomy ya wanzu, zana taswira daga gabobin jikin mutum ko wasu kwayoyin. 

## Zaɓaɓɓun atlases
Wasu zane-zane masu mahimmanci ko kasuwanci sun haɗa da masu zuwa:

; 17th karni na baya

* *Atlas Sive Cosmographicae* (Mercator, Duisburg, a cikin ƙasar yau ta Jamus, 1595)
* *Atlas Novus* (Blaeu, Netherlands, 1635-1658)
* *Atlas Maior* (Blaeu, Netherlands, 1662-1667)
* *Cartes générales de toutes les jam'iyyun du monde* (Faransa, 1658-1676)
* *Dell'Arcano del Mare* (Ingila / Italia, 1645-1661)
* *Taswirar Piri Reis* (Daular Ottoman, 1570-1612)
* *Theatrum Orbis Terrarum* (Ortelius, Netherlands, 1570-1612)
* *Klencke Atlas* (1660; ɗayan manyan littattafai a duniya)
* *Burtaniya* ( John Ogilby, 1670-1676). 

; 18th karni

* *Atlas Nouveau* (Amsterdam, 1742)
* *Britannia Depicta* (London, 1720)
* *Sabon Ingilishi na Ingilishi na Cary da Ingantacce* (London, 1787)

; 19th karni

* *Andrees Allgemeiner Handatlas* (Jamus, 1881-1939; a Burtaniya kamar *Times Atlas of the World*, 1895)
* *Rand McNally Atlas* (Amurka, 1881 – yanzu)
* *Stielers Handatlas* (Jamus, 1817-1944)
* *Times Atlas na Duniya* (United Kingdom, 1895 – present)

; 20th karni

* *Atlante Internazionale del Touring Club Italiano* (Italia, 1927-1978)
* *Atlas Linguisticus* (Austria, 1934)
* *Atlas Mira* (Tarayyar Soviet / Rasha, 1937 zuwa yanzu)
* *Masana ilimin geographers 'A-Z Street Atlas* (United Kingdom, 1938 – present)
* *Gran Atlas Aguilar* (Spain, 1969/1970)
* *Atlas na Tarihi na Sin* (China)
* *National Geographic Atlas* na Duniya (Amurka, 1963 –a yanzu)
* *Pergamon Duniya Atlas* (1962/1968)

; 21st karni

* *Arewacin Amurka Atlas*.

## Duba kuma

*  Atlas of Our Changing Environment 
* Bird atlas 
* Cartogrphy
* Cartopedia
* Claud atlas
* European Atlas of the Seas
* Fictitious entry 
* Geography 
* Google Map 
* Manifold 
* NASA World Wind
* National Atlas of the United States 
* Star atlas 
* TerraServer-USA
* Theatrum Orbis Terrarum 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗin waje

; Majiya

* Akan asalin kalmar "Atlas" 

; Atlases na kan layi

* Duniya Atlas
* ÖROK-Atlas Online : Atlas akan ci gaban sararin samaniya a Austria
* Geography Network
* Taswirar Taswira ta Duniya, taswirar kan layi kyauta tare da taswira mai ma'amala game da batutuwa kamar yanayin ƙasa, tattalin arziki, kiwon lafiya da muhalli.
* Taswirar Kasa ta Kasa

; Tarihin atlases

* Atlases, a shafin karatun Laburaren Amurka na majalisar wakilai - tattaunawa akan manyan atlass, tare da wasu zane-zane. Wani ɓangare na yanayin ƙasa da taswira, Jagora mai zane.

; Atlases na Tarihi akan layi

* Tarihin Tarihin Centennia ya buƙaci karatu a Kwalejin Naval na Amurka har tsawon shekaru goma.
* Jerin shafukan yanar gizo na taswirar tarihi, Laburaren Perry – Castañeda, Jami'ar Texas
* Ryhiner Collection Composite atlas tare da taswira, tsare-tsare da ra'ayoyi daga ƙarni na 16 zuwa 18, suna mamaye duniya, tare da kusan hotuna 16,000 baki ɗaya.
* Atlases na Manuscript waɗanda aka gudanar da Libakunan karatu na Jami'ar Pennsylvania  - an ba su cikakken lamba tare da kwatanci.
* Atlas na Tarihi a cikin Cartography mai jan hankali, Tsarin PJ Mode, Laburaren Jami'ar Cornell

; Sauran hanyoyin

* Google Earth: zane-zanen 3D mai gani na gani.
* NASA software ta duniya .
* Wikimapia wikiproject ne wanda aka tsara shi don bayyana duk duniya.