Penny Marshall

**Carole Penny Marshall**  (Oktoba 15, 1943 - Disamba 17, 2018)   'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Amurka, darektan fina-finai, kuma furodusa. An fi saninta da rawar da ta taka a matsayin Laverne DeFazio a cikin gidan talabijin na *Laverne &amp;amp; Shirley* (1976-1983), ta sami gabatarwa uku don Kyautar Golden Globe don Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo - Television Series Musical ko Comedy don nunawa.&nbsp;

Marshall ta fara zama darakta tare da Jumpin 'Jack Flash (1986) kafin ta ba da umarnin Big (1988), wanda ya zama fim na farko da mace ta ba da umurni don samun sama da dala miliyan 100 a ofishin jakadancin Amurka. Ayyukanta na *Babba* sun hada da Awakenings (1990) (wanda aka zaba don Kyautar Kwalejin don Hoton Mafi Kyawu), A League of Their Own (1992), Renaissance Man (1994), The Preacher's Wife (1996), da Riding in Cars with Boys (2001). Ta kuma samar da Cinderella Man da Bewitched (duka 2005), kuma ta ba da umarnin abubuwan da suka faru na jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin bisa ga Jim da *Amurka ta Tara* .

## Rayuwa ta farko
Mahaifin Penny ya fito ne daga asalin Italiya, danginsa sun fito ne daga Abruzzo,  kuma mahaifiyarta ta fito ne daga Jamusanci, Ingilishi, da Scottish;   Mahaifin Marshall ya canza sunansa daga Masciarelli zuwa Marshall kafin a haife ta. Addini ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar yara na Marshall. An yi wa Garry baftisma na Episcopalian, Ronny Lutheran ne, kuma an tabbatar da Penny a cikin Ikilisiyar Ikilisiya, saboda  ta aiko mana da duk inda za ta iya sanyawa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo. Idan ba ta buƙatar sararin wasan kwaikwayo, ba za mu damu ba. "

Ta girma a 3235 Grand Concourse, Bronx, a cikin wani gini wanda kuma shine gidan yarantaka na Neil Simon, Paddy Chayefsky, Calvin Klein, da Ralph Lauren. Ta fara aikinta a matsayin mai rawa a lokacin da take da shekaru uku, sannan daga baya ta koyar da rawa a makarantar rawa ta mahaifiyarta. Ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Walton, makarantar sakandare ce ta mata a New York sannan ta tafi Jami'ar New Mexico na tsawon shekaru biyu da rabi inda ta yi karatun lissafi da ilimin halayyar dan adam. A shekara ta 1963, yayin da yake UNM, Marshall ya auri dan wasan kwallon kafa mai suna Michael Henry; suna da 'yar, actress Tracy Reiner (née Tracy Henry).  Ma'auratan sun sake aure shekaru uku bayan haka, a shekarar 1966. A wannan lokacin, Marshall ta yi aiki daban-daban don tallafa wa kanta, gami da a matsayin mai tsara wasan kwaikwayo na Albuquerque Civic Light Opera Association .  A shekara ta 1967,  ta koma Los Angeles don shiga cikin babban ɗan'uwanta, mai suna Garry Marshall, wanda ya riga ya haɗa da TV's The Dick Van Dyke Show (1961-1966), The Joey Bishop Show (1962-1965), The Lucy Show (1964-1966) da The Tonight Show Starring Jack Parr (1960).

## Ayyuka

Marshall ya fara bayyana a cikin tallan talabijin na shampoo na Head and Shoulders . An hayar ta ne don yin wasa da budurwa wacce ta ba da rancen shampoo na Head and Shoulders ga abokin zama, wanda Farrah Fawcett ya buga. Yayin da ma'aikatan ke haskakawa, mai tsaron Marshall ya sa wata alama da ke karanta "Homely Girl" kuma mai tsaron Fawcett ya sa wata alamar da ta ce "Pretty Girl". Fawcett, ta fahimci rashin tsaro na Marshall game da kamanninta, ta haye "Homely" a kan allon Marshall kuma ta rubuta "Plain".

Marshall da Billie Hayes sune kawai 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da suka yi sauraro don rawar Witchiepoo ga *H.R. Pufnstuf*, wanda Sid da Marty Krofft suka samar. Marshall ta yi tunanin cewa ba ta dace da bangare ba, kuma Hayes ta sami rawar.

A shekara ta 1968 Marshall ta yarda da tayin daga ɗan'uwanta don bayyana a fim ɗin da ya rubuta kuma yana samarwa, wasan kwaikwayo mai suna How Sweet It Is! (1968). Ta sauka da wani karamin rawa a cikin fim din babur The Savage Seven (1968), da kuma bayyanar baƙo a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na That Girl, tare da Marlo Thomas .  An yi la'akari da Marshall don rawar Gloria Bunker Stivic a kan All in the Family, amma ya rasa ɓangaren ga Sally Struthers . 

### Ayyukan gudanarwa

Tare da ƙarfafawar ɗan'uwanta, Marshall ta zama mai sha'awar jagorantar. Yayinda take fitowa a kan *Laverne &amp;amp; Shirley*, ta fara aikinta na jagora tare da aukuwa huɗu na wannan wasan kwaikwayon.

A shekara ta 1979, ta ba da umarni da yawa na ɗan gajeren sitcom Working Stiffs, tare da Michael Keaton da James Belushi . Ba da daɗewa ba ta koma fina-finai na wasan kwaikwayo; fim dinta na farko zai zama Peggy Sue Got Married (wanda a wannan lokacin aka shirya ya zama tauraron Debra Winger a cikin rawar da ta fi dacewa). Marshall da marubutan fim din, duk da haka, suna da bambance-bambance masu ban sha'awa, kuma Marshall ya bar aikin, tare da Winger kuma ya bar aminci ga Marshall.

Ba da daɗewa ba aka ba Marshall aikin darektan wasan kwaikwayo na aikata laifuka Jumpin 'Jack Flash (1986) tare da Whoopi Goldberg bayan darektan asali, Howard Zieff, ya fita daga aikin. Ta kawo abokai da dangi don taimakawa tabbatar da cewa yana da ban dariya: 'yarta Tracy Reiner, ɗan'uwanta Garry Marshall, Jon Lovitz, Jim Belushi, Phil Hartman da Carol Kane. Marshall ta bayyana tsalle-tsalle a cikin jagorantar fina-finai masu ban sha'awa kamar yadda yake da wuyar koyo, yana kwatanta shi da "shekaru huɗu na kwaleji a cikin semester ɗaya".

Yayinda take kan saiti duk rana, ta yi amfani da daren ta tana shirya sauran fim din, tana ƙoƙarin kammala shi a kan lokaci. Marshall ya kara da cewa Whoopi Goldberg zai dauke ta gefe kuma ya kwantar da hankalinta idan tana kallon gajiya a wannan rana.

A cikin 1999, an canja kamfanin Marshall's Parkaway Productions daga Universal zuwa Sony. An hayar Jessica Cox don gudanar da kamfanin a shekara ta 2000.

Marshall ya ba da umarnin fina-finai da yawa a cikin shekarun 1980 da 90. Ta karya rufin gilashi kuma ta yi tarihi a matsayin darakta mace ta farko da ta kai sama da dala miliyan 100 a ofishin akwatin, tare da musayar jikinta rom com Big (1988), tare da Tom Hanks. Ta kuma ba da umarnin Awakenings (1990) tare da Robin Williams da Robert De Niro, A League of Their Own (1992) tare da Geena Davis, Tom Hanks, Madonna da Rosie O'Donnell, da The Preacher's Wife (1996) tare da Denzel Washington da Whitney Houston . A League of Their Own shi ne fim dinta na biyu da ya kai dala miliyan 100 a ofishin akwatin. AFI ta haɗa da layin Jimmy Dugan (Tom Hanks) "*Babba* kuka a wasan baseball!" a cikin jerin sunayen 100 Mafi Girma na Movie Quotes na Duk Lokaci. A shekara ta 1991, an ba Penny lambar yabo ta Mata a cikin Fim Crystal . 

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Yayinda yake a Jami'ar New Mexico na tsawon shekaru biyu da rabi,  Marshall ya sadu da Michael Henry, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, ya yi ciki yana da shekaru 19, kuma ya bar makaranta yana da shekaru ashirin don ya auri shi a 1963.  Suna da 'yar daya mai suna Tracy a 1964 (Tracy Reiner). Aure ya dauki shekaru uku.

A ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 1971,  Marshall ya auri ɗan wasan kwaikwayo kuma darektan Rob Reiner, wanda daga baya ya karbi Tracy. Aure da ta yi da Reiner ya ƙare a 1981. 

Bayan ta saki Reiner, Marshall ta yi kwanan wata da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Larry Breeding, wanda ya yi baƙi a kan *Laverne &amp;amp; Shirley* . An kashe Breeding a hatsarin mota a shekarar 1982.

Marshall yana da ɗan gajeren dangantaka da mawaƙa Art Garfunkel a tsakiyar shekarun 1980, kuma ya yaba mata da taimaka masa ta hanyar baƙin ciki.

Bayan ya yi ritaya daga jagorancin, abokan Marshall mafi kusa sun hada da Beverly D'Angelo, Cynthia Hargrave, Chico Brown, da Mercedes Ganon.

A shekara ta 2010, an ruwaito cewa an gano Marshall da Ciwon daji na huhu wanda ya yadu zuwa kwakwalwarta, amma shekaru biyu bayan haka ta kasance "mai kyau yanzu". Bayan ta warke ta wallafa wani labari mai suna, My Mother Was Nuts . 

## Mutuwa
Marshall ya mutu a Los Angeles a ranar 17 ga Disamba, 2018, yana da shekaru 75. A cewar takardar shaidar mutuwarta, an danganta mutuwarta da gazawar zuciya da huhu, dakatar da zuciya da kuma ciwon sukari na 1.  

An ƙone gawar Marshall kuma an binne tokarta a Forest Lawn Memorial Park a Hollywood Hills, Los Angeles. Wani "L", mai kama da wadanda halayenta na Laverne ya sa, an zana shi a kasan dutsen ta.

## Manazarta