Geraldine Dawson

**Geraldine Dawson** Masaniyar ilimin halayyar yara ce ta Amurka, ƙwararriya a fannin autism. Ta gudanar da bincike kan ganowa da wuri, ci gaban kwakwalwa, da kuma maganin cututtukan autism (ASD) kuma ta hada kai kan nazarin Abubuwan haɗari kwayar halitta a cikin autism. Dawson shi ne William Cleland Babban Farfesa na ilimin halayyar dan adam da kuma farfesa na ilimin kwakwalwa da kimiyyar kwakwalwa, tsohon darektan, Cibiyar Duke ta Kimiyya ta kwakwalwa kuma wanda ya kafa darektan Cibiyar Duke don Autism da Ci gaban kwakwalwa a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Duke. Dawson ya kasance shugaban kungiyar International Society for Autism Research, kungiyar kimiyya da kwararru da ke da alhakin inganta ilimi game da cututtukan autism. Daga 2008 zuwa 2013, Dawson ta kasance farfesa mai bincike na ilimin halayyar dan adam a Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill kuma ya kasance babban jami'in kimiyya na Autism Speaks .  Dawson ta kuma rike mukamin farfesa a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam a Jami'ar Columbia kuma farfesa ne mai kula da ilimin halayya a Jami'an Washington. Ita 'yar'uwa ce ta American Psychological Society, American Psychological Association, International Society for Autism Research, da Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology .

## Ilimi
Dawson ta sami digiri na farko na Kimiyya a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam daga Jami'ar Washington a shekara ta 1974 kuma ta sami Ph.D. a fannin halayyar ci gaba da ilimin halayya na yara daga Jami'an Washington a shekara. A shekara ta 1980, ta kasance abokiyar karatun postdoctoral kuma mai kula da asibiti a Cibiyar Neuropsychiatric ta UCLA, inda ta ƙware a cikin cututtukan neurodevelopmental. Ta zama likitan ilimin halayyar yara mai lasisi a shekarar 1980.

## Ayyuka
Dawson ta yi aiki a matsayin masanin kimiyya kuma mai aiki a matsayin likitan halayyar asibiti wanda ke mai da hankali kan cututtukan nau'ikan autism da tasirin kwarewar farko akan kwakwalwa mai tasowa.

Dawson a halin yanzu itace William Cleland Babban Farfesa na ilimin halayyar dan adam kuma wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Duke don Autism da Ci gaban Brain. Tana jagorantar shirin bincike na NIH Autism Center of Excellence a Duke. Ta kasance ta jagoranci Cibiyar Duke ta Kimiyya ta Brain . Da farko a cikin aikinta, Dawson ta kasance mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin ilimin halayyar yara a Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill kuma tana da alaƙa da shirin TEACCH (Jima'i da Ilimi na Autistic da alaƙa na Sadarwa-Yaran da ke da nakasa) daga 1980 zuwa 1985. A shekara ta 1985, ta koma alma mater don shiga sashen ilimin halayyar dan adam, inda ta jagoranci Jami'ar Washington Child Clinical Psychology Program (1985-1991; 1999-2004). Daga 1996-2008, Dawson ya kasance darektan kafa Cibiyar Autism ta Jami'ar Washington, wacce ta yi aiki tare da Kamfanin Microsoft don kafa misali ga kamfanoni don samar da inshora don shiga tsakani na farko. A Cibiyar Autism ta UW, ta kasance darakta na Cibiyar Kyautattun Kyaututtuka ta NIH guda uku, wanda ya ba da kuɗi don shirin bincike na autism mai yawa wanda ke mai da hankali kan kwayoyin halitta, Neuroimaging, farkon ganewar asali, da magani. Dawson ta kuma kafa kuma ya kula da cibiyar magani ga yara masu cutar autistic da matasa a Cibiyar Autism ta UW, wacce ta ba da sabis na bincike da magani ga yara marasa lafiya daga jariri har zuwa ƙarshen balaga. Dawson ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin edita ko memba na kwamitin edita na mujallu bakwai na kimiyya: Clinical Psychological Science, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, Development and Psychopathology, Psychophysiology, Autism Research and Treatment, da Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disordors.

Binciken Dawson ta mayar da hankali kan ganowa da shiga tsakani da wuri, aikin kwakwalwa (ta amfani da ilimin lantarki da hotunan magnetic resonance), da kuma nazarin kwayar halitta a cikin autism. Ayyukanta na farko sun nuna cewa baƙin ciki na uwa yana da alaƙa da bambance-bambance a cikin aikin kwakwalwa na farko da kuma martani na damuwa na jarirai da yara. Har ila yau, dakin gwaje-gwaje na ta ya nuna cewa ana iya gano alamun autism a cikin jarirai kuma ya bayyana bambance-bambance a farkon aikin kwakwalwa a cikin autism. Dawson da abokan aikinta sun yi amfani da bidiyon gida don nazarin alamun farko na autism kuma sun fara amfani da dabarun electrophysiological don nazarin aikin kwakwalwa a cikin yara masu fama da autism. Lab din Dawson a Jami'ar Washington ta bayyana bambance-bambance a cikin tsarin kwakwalwa na zamantakewa da ke da alaƙa da sarrafa fuska a cikin autism, wanda ya bayyana tun farkon watanni shida, kuma ya bayyana halayyar kwakwalwa ta rayuwa ta autism. Tare da haɗin gwiwar Dokta Sally J. Rogers, Dawson ta haɓaka kuma ta tabbatar da Early Start Denver Model, cikakken shirin shiga tsakani na farko ga yara masu fama da autism.

### Autism Yana Magana
Dawson ta kasance a fannin koyarwa a Jami'ar Washington daga 1980 zuwa 2008 lokacin da ta bar ta zama babban jami'in kimiyya na farko na Autism Speaks. A Autism Speaks, Dawson ya kula da dala miliyan 20-30 a cikin kudaden bincike na shekara-shekara, gami da kudade don Cibiyar Kula da Magunguna ta Autism, Autism Genome Project, da Shirin Tissue na Autism.

## Kafofin watsa labarai da sanannun labarai
An nuna aikin Dawson a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, gami da shirye-shirye kamar *Jim Lehrer NewsHour*, PBS Scientific American Frontiers tare da Alan Alda, The New York Times, da sauransu da yawa. Binciken da ta nuna cewa sa hannun farko yana da alaƙa da canje-canje a cikin aikin kwakwalwa a cikin yara masu cutar autism an gane shi ta mujallar Time a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan nasarorin kiwon lafiya 10 na 2012 . An bayyana Early Start Denver Model a cikin fitowar Janairu 2014 na Scientific American Mind . 

Dawson ta ba da shaida a gaban Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka don ba da shawara ga mutanen da ke fama da autism da iyalansu: a cikin 1999 don tallafawa Dokar Lafiya ta Yara ta 2000, a cikin 2002 a madadin Tarayyar Halin Halin, Halin Halitta, da Kimiyya, a cikin 2009 a buƙatar Majalisar Dattijan don samar da sabuntawa game da halin yanzu na kimiyyar autism,  kuma a cikin 2012 don tallafawa lissafin don kara samun damar ayyukan autism ga iyalai na soja.

## Daraja, kyaututtuka, da kuma alƙawura
Dawson memba ce ta Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka . Kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka na Dawson sun haɗa da Ƙungiyar Kimiyya ta Halitta James McKeen Cattell Kyautar Rayuwa (2012), Kungiyar Kwararrun Kwararrun (Div53), Babban Mai Bincike na 1% da aka fi ambaton shi a duk faɗin, Clarivate Analytics, Tarheel of the Week (2014), Geoffrey Beene Rock Star of Science Award (2010), Kyautar Jarumi ta Autism Now (2006), Kyautar Autism Society of America don Binciken Jama'a na Washington Society don Ayyukan Jama'a (2004), Kyautar Jama'a Autism International Autism Award Autism International International Autism International Award (1999) Dawson ta kasance mai ba da shawara ga Cibiyar Lafiya ta Kasa tun 1989. Ta yi aiki na wa'adi biyu a Kwamitin Gudanar da Cibiyoyin Lafiya na Kasa, kwamitin ba da shawara na tarayya wanda ke daidaita duk kokarin da ke cikin Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Ayyukan Dan Adam game da cututtukan Autism Spectrum.

## Manazarta