Gundumar Columbia v. Exxon Mobil Corp.

***Gundumar Columbia v. Exxon Mobil Corp.*** wata karar da ke gudana ce da aka shigar a kan Kamfanin Exxon Mobil da Kamfanin Man Fetur na ExxonMobil ta Gundumar Colombia (DC). Wannan shari'ar tana ɗaya daga cikin dogon jerin karar da aka shigar a kan ExxonMobil ciki har da muhalli da laifuffukan ɗabi'a.

## Tarihi

### ExxonMobil
ExxonMobil kamfani ne na mai da iskar gas da ke da hedikwata a Irving, Texas . Ita ce babbar kamfanin man fetur da iskar gas a duniya, wanda ya sa ta zama ɗaya daga cikin kamfanoni masu fa'ida. Baya ga wannan, ExxonMobil babban mai kunnawa ne a kasuwar makamashi ta duniya. Exxon Mobil yana da ayyuka a cikin kasashe sama da 30, kuma ayyukanta sun kasu kashi huɗu na kasuwanci: Upstream, Downstream, Chemical, da Corporate & Financing.

### Dokar Tsarin Abokin Ciniki ta DC 1976
Dokar Tsaro ta D.C. (CPPA) doka ce ta gyarawa wacce za a fassara ta gaba ɗaya. Ya kafa haƙƙin tilasta wa bayanai na gaskiya daga 'yan kasuwa game da kayan masarufi da aiyuka waɗanda aka saya ko za a saya, hayar, ko karɓa a Gundumar Columbia.

### Tarihin tarihi
A ranar 25 ga Yuni, 2020, DC ta shigar da kara don gurfanar da Exxon Mobil Corp saboda yiwuwar keta Dokar Kare Abokin Ciniki ta DC ("CPPA") a Babban Kotun Gundumar Columbia. An daukaka kara game da karar kuma a halin yanzu ana jiran ta a Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta Gundumar Columbia .  Gundumar Columbia ta yi jayayya cewa Exxon Mobil ta yi maganganun karya da yaudara game da iliminta game da canjin yanayi da kimantawa game da haɗarin da canjin yanayin ya haifar ga kasuwancin ta. Gundumar Columbia ta kuma yi jayayya cewa Exxon Mobil ta yi maganganun karya da yaudara game da kokarin da take yi na rage haɗarin da canjin yanayi ya haifar. Daga cikin wadannan akwai wasu laifuffuka da yawa na CPPA da aka rubuta a cikin korafin hukuma.

Exxon Mobil bai riga ya amsa karar da aka yi don yanke hukunci ba. Kotun ba ta riga ta yanke hukunci a kan karar ba. Ba a tsara ranar kotun a halin yanzu ba. Daga cikin Exxon Mobil Corp akwai BP Royal Dutch Shell PLC da Shell Oil Company, PLC da BP America Inc., da Chevron Corporation da Chevror USA, Inc., waɗanda DC ke tuhuma da su a kan wasu laifuka don keta wannan aikin.

## Tasirin muhalli

Zargin da aka yi wa ExxonMobil ya danganta da zargin da kamfanin ya yi game da haɗarin canjin yanayi da tasirinsa a kan muhalli. Shari'ar ta zargi ExxonMobil da yaudarar masu saka hannun jari da jama'a game da haɗarin canjin yanayi da tasirinsa akan aikin kudi na kamfanin. Ta hanyar yin haka, ExxonMobil na iya sanya canjin yanayi mafi muni ta hanyar ayyukanta, wanda zai iya haifar da matsaloli kamar hauhawar matakin teku da kuma matsanancin yanayi. Wannan shari'ar ba ta mai da hankali kan wani takamaiman lahani da ExxonMobil ya haifar ba, amma a kan tasirin kamfanin gaba ɗaya akan muhalli. ExxonMobil ya musanta wadannan zarge-zargen kuma ya yi jayayya cewa lamarin ya haifar da siyasa. Koyaya, ExxonMobil babban ɗan wasa ne a masana'antar mai da iskar gas, wanda ke nufin suna ba da gudummawa sosai ga sakin carbon dioxide da sauran iskar gas a cikin yanayi ta hanyar ƙone burbushin burbushin halittu. Wannan fitarwa yana da tasiri a duniya kuma yana taimakawa ga canjin yanayi. 

A baya, ExxonMobil ya shiga cikin wasu manyan man fetur, kuma hatsarori ExxonMobil ya fuskanci zargi saboda yadda yake kula da man fetur a Alaska, gami da 1989 *Exxon Valdez* spill a Alaska, wanda ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi munin bala'in muhalli a tarihin Amurka.  An kuma yi zargin cewa kamfanin bai yi isasshen don hana zubar da mai ba kuma ya magance su yadda ya kamata. Wadannan zubar da ruwa ba shine kawai abin da ake tambaya ba. ExxonMobil refineries da masana'antu suna fitar da abubuwa masu guba masu gurɓata iska ga muhalli cewa an yi tambaya game da dabi'un kamfanin. Bugu da ƙari, an caje ExxonMobil da ƙarawa ga sare daji a yankunan da yake gudanar da kasuwanci, musamman a Indonesia, inda yake aiki don kafa gonakin Man dabino. Muhimman tasirin sare daji a kan rushewar ƙasa, ƙwacewar carbon, da namun daji suna yiwuwa.

## Tasirin Tattalin Arziki
*Gundumar Columbia V. Exxon Mobil Corp.* ita ce kuma tana iya ci gaba da kasancewa lamari mai mahimmanci wanda ke da tasiri sosai ga tattalin arzikin Amurka. Shari'ar ta haɗa da zargin cewa ExxonMobil ba wai kawai ya yaudari jama'a game da tasirin canjin yanayi da ke faruwa ba har ma yaudari masu saka hannun jari suyi imani cewa Exxonmobil ya fi dacewa da yanayi. ExxonMobil ya ci gaba da yada yadda suke mai kyau ga muhalli a shafin yanar gizon su, suna da'awar yin ƙoƙari su zama jagora a masana'antar. Kashi 0.2 ne kawai na saka hannun jari ta ExxonMobil suna cikin fasahar kore. Wannan bayanin yana yaudarar masu amfani da masu saka hannun jari kuma yana nuna ExxonMobil a matsayin kamfani wanda ke nuna kyakkyawan tasirin kamfaninsu akan muhalli amma yana ɓoye mugunta.

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan Tasirin tattalin arziki na wannan shari'ar shine a kan masana'antar man fetur. ExxonMobil, a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin man fetur a duniya, yana ganin kuma zai ci gaba da ganin sakamakon ayyukansa yayin da wannan shari'ar kotu ke ci gaba, koda kuwa shari'ar tana tare da ExxonMobil. Wannan shari'ar, a tsakanin sauran shari'o'i daga ExxonMobil kamar People of the State of New York v. Exxon Mobil Corp., yana aiki ne a matsayin kiran farkawa ga masana'antar, yana nuna bukatar kamfanoni su kasance bayyananne game da haɗarin yanayi da yiwuwar tasirin tattalin arziki. Shari'ar New York ta yanke hukuncin cewa ExxonMobile bai yaudari Masu saka hannun jari kai tsaye ta hanyar ayyukansu ba. Ya sa masu saka hannun jari su san yadda zai yiwu a yi amfani da dokoki don ɓoye ayyukansu, yana shafar masu saka hannun jarin maimakon masu amfani tare da Gundumar Columbia v. Exxon Mobile Corp .  Wadannan shari'o'in za su matsa wa wasu kamfanoni don kada su ɓoye bayanan su, samar da gaskiya ga muhalli da tattalin arziki wanda zai amfane masu saka hannun jari da masu amfani.

ExxonMobil da kansu za su fuskanci babban asarar idan aka yanke shawarar shari'ar a cikin Gundumar Columbia. Dole ne su biya lalacewa daga shari'ar tare da fuskantar ƙarin martani daga jama'a. Yawancin wannan tare da sauran tasirin tattalin arziki har yanzu ba su da tabbas kamar yadda ba a warware lamarin ba kuma ya dogara sosai da wane bangare ya ci nasara.

## Tasirin siyasa
Har ila yau, karar ta tayar da tambayoyi game da rawar da Tsarin gwamnati ke takawa wajen magance canjin yanayi. Shari'ar ta fallasa bukatar ka'idoji masu karfi don riƙe kamfanoni da alhakin tasirin su akan muhalli da tattalin arziki. Har ila yau, akwai damuwa game da cewa gwamnati ba ta shiga tsakani da wuri ba. An kama ExxonMobil yana riƙe da bayanai shekaru da suka gabata tare da Mutanen Jihar New York v. Exxon Mobil Corp .  Dukkanin shari'o'in sun shafi hana bayanai daga jama'a. ExxonMobil ta sake maimaita halayenta na baya ta hanyar yaudarar masu saka hannun jari da masu amfani. Ƙarin dokoki a cikin gwamnati sune mafita don hana ExxonMobil da sauran kamfanoni daga yaudarar jama'a. Wannan shari'ar ta fadi musamman ga gwamnati kamar yadda ExxonMobil ta sami tallafi daga gare su. Shekaru da yawa, ExxonMobil tana karɓar rassa na jihohi da na gida ciki har da rance da taimako.

## Manazarta