Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi

## Rayuwa
**Haihuwa:** Murzuk, Libya, 1776.  

**Kasa:** Najeriya  

**Mutuwa:** Kukawa, Borno Empire, 8 ga Yuni, 1837.  

**Makwanci:** Kukawa

## Yara
* Umar I
* Abd ar-Rahman
* Salih  
* Abubakar

## Sana'a
Soja kuma jagoran siyasa.

## Addini
Musulunci.  

## Sarauta
**Ofishi:** Shehun Borno    

**Sunan Girmamawa:** Shehu    

**Sunan haihuwa:** Muhammad bin Muhammad Ninka    

**Lakabi:** Shehu Laminu  

## Mulki
**Fara Mulki:** 1809  
**Karshen Mulki:** 8 ga Yuni, 1837  
**Magaji:** Umar I ibn Muhammad al-Amin  
**Wanda yayi kafuwa:** An kafa mukamin  

**Sarakunan da ya yi aiki da su:**  
* Dunama IX Lefiami  
* Muhammad  
* Dunama IX Lefiami (an dawo da shi)  
* Ibrahim IV 

 
**[[Shehu]] al-Hajj Muhammad al-Amin dan Muhammad al-Kânemî** (da larabci  محمد الأمين بن محمد الكانمي  ) (1776–1837) , malamin Islama ne,malamin addini da siyasa wanda ya ba da shawara kuma ya kaddamar da daular Sayfawa daga daular Kanem-Bornu. A shekara ta 1846, dan al-Kanemi Umar I ya zama Sultan daya tilo na daular musulunci ta Kanem-Borno, yanayin da ya haifar da karshen sarautar daular Sayfawa na tsawon shekaru dari takwas. Shehu na Bornu na yanzu, masarautar gargajiya wacce kujerar ta ke zama a Maiduguri, wato jihar Borno, Najeriya. Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi, wanda aka fi sani da Shehu Laminu , yakasance haifaffen kasar Libiya ne. Ya rasu a watan takwas 8 ga Janairu, ta Shekarar 1837. Ya rasu ya bar y’ay’a wanda daga cikinsu akwai Umar Mai Borno, Abdurrahman, Salih da Abubakar.

## Shahararsa da samun mulki
Mahifinshi Kanembu ne a yayinda kuma mahaifiyar shi balarabiya ce kuma sharifiya mutumiyar Libya, inda anan ne aka haife shi kusa da wani gari mai suna Murzuk a cikin abin da yake a yau Libya din. Al-Kanemi ya tashi zuwa matsayinsa na memba na ƙungiyar mabiya addinin Musulunci a lardunan yamma na lokacin mulkin mallaka na Borno.  Lokacin da jihadin Fulani ya fara a karkashin tutar Shehu Usman dan Fodio, wanda tayi kokarin mamaye Borno a shekarar 1808, fulanin samu nasara wanda har suka kone babban birnin Ngazargamu, kuma suka kori sojojin Mai Ahmad ibn Ali na Borno. A wannan lokacinne Mai Ahmad na Sayfawa ya nemi taimakon Al-Kanemi don korar abokan hamayyarsa wato Fulani. Ta hanyar tsari na soja, ilhama,da kuma addu’a, sai Shehu Laminu yayi kokaro ya hado babbar runduna ta yaki wanda da yawa daga cikinsu yanuwanshi ne da surukanshi na Shuwa Arab da larabawa da kuma al’ummomin Kanembu da ke kan iyakokin Borno.  Mai Dunama IX Lefiami ya ba wa Shehu Laminu gudunmuwa wanda ta kaishi ga samun nasarar zama hakimin lardin Bornu ta Yamma. Al-Kanemi ya karɓi taken "Shehu" (ko "Sheikh") tare da karɓar manyan ofisoshin sarautar Borno bayan wadannan nasarori da ya samu. Wannan ne ya ba shi damar zama muryar Bornu a cikin tattaunawa da Sakkwato lokacin jihadin fulani, kuma mai mulki mai zaman kansa a wani yanki mai arzikin kasuwanci, tare da karfin soja. A shekara ta 1809 ne aka kori Mai Dunama daga mulki, yayin da al-Kanemi ya taimaka masa ya dawo kan gadon mulkin a shekarar 1813.

## Kariya daga Sakkwato
Shehu Laminu al-Kanemi ya yi yakin Sakkwato ba wai kawai da makamai ba, har ma da wasiƙu don dakile harin jihadin Fulani karkashin jagorancin Shehu dan Fodio. Ya ci gaba da jerin muhawara ta tauhidi da kuma siyasa, da wasiku tare da Sarkin Musulmi Usman dan Fodio, daga baya kuma tare da dansa, Muhammed Bello .  Yayin da Shehu Usmanu ya fadada daular Sakkwato ta hanyar yakar shirka, ridda, da rugujewar akidar musulunci ta ainihi kamar yanda Annabi (S.A.W) ya zo da ita a arewacin Najeria, al-Kanemi ya kalubalance shi akan rashin bada 'yancin makwabta, ya kuma tunatar dashi cewa daular Borno ta kasance musulma sama da shekaru 800.  Wadannan muhawara, sau da yawa kan yanayin Jihad da mulkin Musulmai, har yanzu suna kan gaba a arewacin Najeriya. 

## Mulkin Borno

Lokacin da El-Kanemi ya hau kan mulki bayan gwagwarmayar Fulani, bai sake tsara masarautar Sayfawa ba: kawai ya yi kokarin shigar da mutanen sa ne a cikin tsarin mallakar yankin Sayfawa, *chima chidibe* . Cohen ya bayyana cewa babbar kungiyar siyasa ta karni na goma sha tara ta Borno ya samo asali ne daga alakar mutum kuma Al-Kanemi ya fara kulla alakar abokin ciniki.  

Mutum shidda da suka goyi bayan hawan Shehu Al-Kanemi akan mulki a Bornu sun hada da abokinsa mai suna Al-Hajj Sudani, dan kasuwa dan Toubou da abokin shi al-Hajj Malia, da surukinsa daga dangin matar shi wanda ya jagoranci Kanembu Kuburi a Kanem kamar *Shettima Kuburi*, da Shuwa Arabs uku: Mallam Muhammad Tirab na Baghirimi, Mallam Ibrahim Wadaima na Wadai, da kuma Mallam Ahmed Gonomi.  

Koyaya, kamar yadda aka ambata a ƙarshe, har yanzu muna watsi da yadda Al-Kanemi ke mamaye daukacin yankin Borno bayan gwagwarmayar Fulani. Ya ya ne kawai a kai na sirri sarauta kamar yadda Last da shawarar, ko ba ya kaucewa kifar da ikon da *mai?* Wannan tsari wanda zai iya zama mafi tsayi fiye da shawarar Brenner ba a rubuce shi sosai ba. Labarin baka da tatsuniyoyin Turai kawai suna ba da damar Al-Kanemi ya sauka kan mulki. A wannan juzu'in farkon karni na sha tara, Al-Kanemi ya karbi iko a cikin 1810s ba tare da wani gasa daga *mai* Dunama IX Lefiami ba kafin shekarar 1820. El-Kanemi, ba face fuskar ta Borno ga shuwagabannin kasashen waje ba, ta zama mafi mahimmanci ga *mai* . Wasu da ke cikin coterie *mai* Dun Dunama an yi imanin cewa suna goyon bayan wani yunkurin kashe Shehu a cikin 1820. A wannan ranar, *Mai* Dunama da sarki Burgomanda na Baguirmi sun yi niyyar kawar da El-Kanemi. Wannan waje baki a Bornuese siyasa wani gazawar da kuma *mai* Dunama aka maye gurbinsu *mai* Ibrahim.  El-Kanemi, yayin da yake kan batun sabon *mai*, an sa masa hatimi a matsayin Shehu na duk Bornu.  

A shekara ta 1814, al-Kanemi ya gina sabon garin Kukawa. Wannan sabon birni ya zama *shine* babban birnin kasar na Borno, kamar yadda al-Kanemi ya dauki suna *Shehu.* 

A shekarar 1819-20, Mai Dunama ya tashi da tawaye ga al-Kanemi wanda daga baya aka kashe shi a yaki. Daga nan sai Al-Kanemi ya sanya dan uwan Dunama, Ibrahim, ya zama shine Mai. Sannan a cikin shekarun 1820, al-Kanemi ya kori Fulani daga Bornu, yana mai kalubalantar Khalifanci na Sakkwato, ya kuma mamaye yankin Deya- Damaturu . Hakan ya biyo bayan mamaye masarautar Kotoko da ke Kusseri, Ngulfai, da Logone, bayan da suka ci Bagirmi a shekarar 1824.  
A shekara ta 1846 ne aka yi Mai na ƙarshe a Daular Bornu. A cikin haɗin gwiwa da Daular Ouaddai, sun yi wani yakin basasa, wanda aka tsayayya wa El-Kanemi. A wannan lokacin ne Umar (1837-1881) ya zama mai cikakken ikon mulki a daular, wanda hakan ya ba shi damar zama daga cikin fitattun shugabannin da suka jagoranci daya daga cikin tsofaffin daulolin Afirka, wato Kanem-Borno.   

## Al-Kanemi kamar yadda Manjo Dixon Denham ke ganinsa
A watan Fabrairu na shekarar 1823, jirgin balaguron Birtaniyya karkashin jagorancin Manjo Dixon Denham da Kyaftin Hugh Clapperton suka isa Borno. An gabatar da su ga Al-Kanemi. A cikin labarin tafiyarsa da aka buga a shekara ta 1826, Dixon Denham ya bayaninin yanda yaga Al-Kanemi: 

"Rayuwa ta ba shi duk abin da babban jagora zai samu na baiwa, cikakken adalci, yanayi na son ci gaban alumma, martaba, sassauci, tausayi da kuma kamun kai. Wannan ne ya sa aka ji zafin kin yarda ya zama Sultan da yayi" --Dixon Denham.

## Daular

## Bayanai

## Bibliography

* Brenner, Louis, *Shehus na Kukawa: Tarihin Tarihin Daular Al-Kanemi ta Bornu*, Nazarin Oxford a cikin Harkokin Afirka (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1973). 
* Cohen, Ronald, *Kanuri na Bornu*, Nazarin shari a cikin ilimin al'adu na al'adu (New York: Holt, 1967). 
* Denham, Dixon da Kyaftin Clapperton da Late Doctor Oudney, ''Labarun tafiye-tafiye da ganowa a Arewacin da Afirka ta Tsakiya'', (Boston: Taro, Hilliards da Co., 1826). 
* Isichei, Elizabeth, *Tarihi ne na Kawancen Afirka zuwa 1870* (Cambridge: Jami'ar Cambridge, 1997), pp. &nbsp; 318-320,      . 
* Lange, Dierk, 'Dauloli da mutanen Chadi', a cikin *tarihin Afirka gaba daya*, ed. wanda Djibril Tamsir Niane, IV (London: Unesco, Heinemann, 1984), pp. &nbsp; 238–265. 
* Karshe, Murray, 'Le Califat De Sokoto Et Borno', a *Histoire Generale De l'Afrique*, Rev. ed. (Paris: Shugabancin Afirka, 1986), pp. &nbsp; 599- 646. 
* Lavers, John, "Al-Kanimiyyin Shehus: Tarihin aiki" a cikin ''Berichte des Sonderforschungsbereichs'', 268, Bd. 2, Frankfurt a. M. 1993: 179-186. 
* Oliver, Roland & Anthony Atmore (2005). Afirka Tun daga 1800, Juzu'i Na Biyar . Cambridge: Jami'ar Cambridge. ISBN    Oliver, Roland & Anthony Atmore (2005).   Oliver, Roland & Anthony Atmore (2005).  
* Palmer, Herbert Richmond, *Bornu Sahara da Sudan* (London: John Murray, 1936). 
* Taher, Mohamed (1997). Binciken Encyclopedic na Daulolin Musulunci jerin cigaban zamani . New Delhi: Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. ISBN    Taher, Mohamed (1997).   Taher, Mohamed (1997).  

## Hadin waje

* Kungiyar Nazarin Kanuri