Miroslav Volf

**Miroslav Volf** (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Satumba, 1956) masanin ilimin tauhidi ne na Furotesta ɗan Croatia kuma masanin ilimi na jama'a kuma Farfesa Henry B. Wright na Tauhidi kuma darektan Cibiyar Imani da Al'adu ta Yale a Jami'ar Yale . Ya taɓa koyarwa a Kwalejin Tauhidi ta Evangelical a garinsu na Osijek, Croatia (1979–80, 1983–90) da kuma Makarantar Tauhidi ta Fuller a Pasadena, California (1990–1998).

Bayan ya sami digiri biyu na gaba a ƙarƙashin masanin tauhidi na Jamus Jürgen Moltmann, an bayyana Volf a matsayin "mai gina gadar tauhidi." [1] Babban burin tauhidinsa shine kawo tauhidin Kirista don yin tasiri ga fannoni daban-daban na rayuwar jama'a, kamar al'adu, siyasa, da tattalin arziki. Sau da yawa yana bincika tattaunawa tsakanin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban a duniya - kamar tsakanin ƙungiyoyi, addinai, da ƙungiyoyin ƙabilu.

Volf ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Ofishin Fadar White House na Based on Faith-based and Unguwa Partnerships kuma tsawon shekaru da dama ya koyar da wani kwas tare da tsohon firaministan Birtaniya Tony Blair kan dunkulewar duniya . Shi mai yawan sharhi ne kan batutuwan addini da al'adu a manyan kafofin watsa labarai kamar CNN, NPR, da Al Jazeera . Volf ya lashe Jami'ar Louisville ta 2002 da kuma lambar yabo ta St. Louisville Presbyterian Theological Seminary Grawemeyer Award in Religion  kuma littafinsa na 1996 *mai suna Exclusion and Embrace* ya sanya shi a cikin littafin *Kiristanci na yau da kullun* mai suna Exclusion and Embrace a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Littattafai 100 Mafi Tasiri a ƙarni na Ashirin. 

## Iyali da rayuwar farko
An haifi Miroslav Volf a ranar 25 ga Satumba, 1956, a Osijek, Croatia, wadda a lokacin take cikin Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Soviet ta Yugoslavia . Yana da shekaru biyar, iyalinsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin Novi Sad, Serbia (wanda a lokacin kuma wani ɓangare ne na Yugoslavia), inda mahaifinsa ya zama minista ga ƙaramin al'ummar Pentecostal . Ya girma a matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan al'umma, Volf ya rayu a gefen titi sau biyu: a fannin addini, Osijek ya fi Katolika kuma Novi Sad ya fi yawancin mutanen Serbia Orthodox ; a garuruwa biyu, Furotesta ƙarami ne kuma Pentecostal "ƙaramin tsiraru ne".  A fannin siyasa, Yugoslavia ta mamaye akidar Marx kuma ana zargin ministocin Kirista kuma ana sa ido sosai a kai. Daga baya Volf ya tuna game da yarintarsa cewa bai da daɗin "nishadantar da addini kawai a matsayin jerin shawarwari da kuke yarda da su ko ba ku yarda da su ba".  A makaranta, musamman a farkon shekarunsa, imanin iyayensa da al'ummarsu ya kasance babban nauyi; Jin cewa Volf ya bambanta da takwarorinsa da kuma al'adun da ke kewaye da shi ya sa shi "kunya mai wuyar jurewa" kuma ya yi tawaye ga imani.  Duk da haka, a tsakiyar shekarunsa na matasa, ya sami tuba cikin natsuwa. A matsayinsa na ɗalibi Kirista ɗaya tilo a fili a makarantar sakandare, dole ne ya bayyana dalilin da ya sa da kuma yadda addinin Kirista ke da ma'ana a fannin tunani. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

== Tasirin farko da ilimi ==
Volf ya yi karatun falsafa da Girkanci na gargajiya a Jami'ar Zagreb da kuma tauhidi a Kwalejin Evangelical-Theological Seminary ta Zagreb. Ya kammala karatun summa cum laude a shekarar 1977 tare da takardar digiri a kan Ludwig Feuerbach . A wannan shekarar ya fara aiki a kan digirinsa na MA a Fuller Theological Seminary da ke Pasadena, California, kuma ya kammala karatun summa cum laude a shekarar 1979.  <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D; A cikin shekarar da ta gabata a Yugoslavia tsakanin karatun digirinsa na biyu da na uku, ya ci gaba da karatun falsafa a Jami'ar Belgrade .

Daga 1980 zuwa 1985 Volf ya yi karatun digirin digirgir a Jami'ar Tübingen, Jamus, a ƙarƙashin kulawar Jürgen Moltmann (tare da aikin soja na tilas a Yugoslavia wanda ya katse karatunsa daga Oktoba 1983 zuwa Oktoba 1984). A mafi yawan lokutan, yana da ilimin ecumenical daga Diakonisches Werk kuma yana zaune a Evangelisches Stift. Rubutunsa na digiri ya kasance alaƙar tauhidi da falsafar aiki ta Karl Marx, kuma bin wannan aikin ya sa ya yi nazarin falsafar manufofin Jamus da tattalin arzikin siyasa na Ingila. Ya sake kammala karatunsa, kuma Jami'ar Tübingen ta ba shi Leopold Lukas Nachwuchswissenschaftler Preis saboda digirinsa na uku.  &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

A shekarar 1989 ya sami tallafin karatu daga Gidauniyar Alexander von Humboldt kuma ya fara aiki a kan Habilitation (digiri na bayan digiri na uku da jami'o'in nahiyar Turai da yawa ke buƙata don neman zama farfesa).  Habilitation ya kasance akan "Trinity and Communion", wani batu da Volf ya daɗe yana shiga cikin tattaunawar hukuma tsakanin Majalisar Vatican don Inganta Haɗin Kan Kirista da ƙungiyar Pentecostal ta duniya. An ba shi wannan digirin a shekarar 1994.