Frank Borman

**Frank Frederick Borman II** (Maris 14, 1928 - Nuwamba 7, 2023) wani Kanal ne na Sojojin Sama na Amurka (USAF), injiniyan sararin sama, dan sama jannatin NASA, matukin jirgi, kuma dan kasuwa. Shi ne kwamandan Apollo 8, wanda shi ne aikin farko na yawo a duniyar wata, tare da abokan aikin Jim Lovell da William Anders, sun zama na farko cikin mutane 24 da suka yi hakan, wanda a dalilinsa ne aka ba shi lambar yabo ta Majalisar Wakilai ta Sararin Samaniya.

Kwanaki hudu kafin ya kammala karatunsa a West Point Class na 1950, inda ya kasance a matsayi na takwas a shekarar alif 670, an ba Borman aiki a cikin USAF. Ya cancanci zama matukin jirgi kuma ya yi aiki a Philippines. Ya sami digiri na biyu na Kimiyya a Caltech a 1957, sannan ya zama mataimakin farfesa a fannin thermodynamics da injiniyoyin ruwa a West Point. A shekara ta alif 1960, an zaɓe shi don Class 60-C a Makarantar Gwajin Jirgin Jirgin Amurka ta USAF a Edwards Air Force Base a California kuma ya cancanta a matsayin matukin jirgi. A lokacin kammala karatunsa, an karɓe shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ɗalibai biyar a aji na farko a Makarantar Pilot Research Aerospace.
An zaɓi Borman a matsayin ɗan sama jannati NASA tare da rukuni na biyu, wanda aka sani da Next Nine, a cikin 1962. A cikin 1966, ya kafa tarihin juriya na tsawon kwanaki goma sha huɗu a matsayin kwamandan Gemini 7. Ya yi aiki a hukumar NASA ta sake nazarin Apollo. 1 wuta, sa'an nan kuma ya tashi zuwa wata tare da Apollo 8 a cikin Disamba 1968. An san aikin da hoton Earthrise wanda Anders na ya ɗauka. Duniya tana tashi sama da sararin samaniya kamar yadda Module na umarni/Sabis ke kewaya wata, da kuma karantawa daga Farawa, wanda aka yi ta telebijin zuwa Duniya daga kewayawar wata a jajibirin Kirsimeti. A lokacin ziyarar Apollo 11 na wata, shi ne mai kula da NASA a fadar White House, inda ya kalli kaddamar da shirin ta talabijin tare da shugaba Richard Nixon.

Bayan ya yi ritaya daga NASA da Sojan Sama a shekarar 1970, Borman ya zama babban mataimakin shugaban kasa kan ayyuka a layin jiragen sama na Gabas. Ya zama babban jami'in zartarwa na Gabas a 1975, kuma shugaban hukumar a 1976. A karkashin jagorancinsa, Gabas ta shiga cikin shekaru hudu mafi riba a tarihinta, amma rushewar jiragen sama da ƙarin bashin da ya ci don sayen sababbin jiragen sama ya jagoranci. don biyan ragi da kora daga aiki, kuma daga ƙarshe ya yi rikici da ƙungiyoyi, wanda ya haifar da murabus ɗinsa a 1986. Ya ƙaura zuwa Las Cruces, New Mexico, inda ya yi amfani da Ford. hulda da dansa, Fred. A cikin 1998, sun sayi wurin kiwon shanu a Bighorn, Montana.
## '''Rayuwar sa ta farko da iliminsa'''
An haifi Frank Frederick Borman II a ranar 14 ga watan Maris,shekarar alif 1928, a 2162 West 11th Avenue a Gary, Indiana,  ɗa tilo na Edwin Otto Borman (1901 – 1994), wanda ya mallaki dillalin mota na Oldsmobile a wurin, da matarsa ​​Marjorie. Ann Borman (née Pearce; 1903-1989), wanda ya sanya masa suna bayan kakan mahaifinsa. Shi dan asalin Jamus ne. Kakansa Christopher Borman ya yi hijira daga Jamus a ƙarshen karni na 19 kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan wasan tuba a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na balaguro.Domin ya sha wahala daga matsalolin sinus da mastoid masu yawa a cikin sanyi da yanayin sanyi, danginsa sun koma yanayin mafi kyau na Tucson, Arizona, wanda Borman ya ɗauki garinsu. Mahaifinsa ya sayi haya a tashar sabis na Mobil. 

Borman ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Sam Hughes a Tucson, inda ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa da ƙwallon kwando. Daga nan sai ya tafi makarantar sakandare ta Mansfeld, inda ya gwada wa kungiyar kwallon kafa. Bai isa ba, don haka ya kafa ƙungiyarsa tare da wasu yara maza na gida, wanda wani kantin sayar da kayan ado na gida ya dauki nauyinsa. Ya sami kuɗi tare da hanyar jarida, yana ba da kwafin Arizona Daily Star.

## '''Sojan Sama'''
Bayan ɗan gajeren hutun gudun amarci a Phoenix, Arizona, Borman ya ba da rahoto zuwa sansanin Sojan Sama na Perrin da ke Texas don horo na asali a cikin T-6 Texan ta Arewacin Amirka a watan Agusta 1950. Manyan ɗalibai a cikin ajin sun sami damar zabar reshe na tashi da za su yi. zai bi; An zabe Borman ya zama matukin jirgin yaki. Don haka an aika shi zuwa Williams Air Force Base, kusa da Phoenix, a watan Fabrairu, shekara ta alif 1951 don samun horo mai zurfi,  da farko a cikin T-28 Trojan na Arewacin Amurka, sannan jirgin F-80 jet. An tura matuka jiragen yaki zuwa Koriya, inda yakin Koriya ya barke a shekarar da ta gabata. Ya nemi, kuma an sanya shi, Luke Air Force Base kusa da Phoenix-Susan na da ciki watanni takwas-amma a cikin minti na karshe an canza umarninsa zuwa Nellis Air Force Base a Nevada. A can, ya yi ta harbin iska da kuma harbin bindiga. An haifi ɗansa na farko, ɗa mai suna Frederick Pearce, a can a watan Oktoba. Borman ya sami fikafikan matukinsa a ranar 4 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta alif 1951.
Don sanin ɗaliban Makarantun Pilot na Binciken Aerospace tare da wasu fasahohin jirgin sama, F-104 guda uku an saka su da injin roka da sarrafa amsawa don amfani fiye da yanayin.
Ba da da ewa ba, Borman ya sha fama da ruɗaɗɗen kunn kunne yayin da yake yin tada bam tare da mugun sanyin kai. Maimakon ya je Koriya, an umarce shi da ya kai rahoto zuwa Camp Stoneman, daga inda ya hau jigilar sojoji, USNS Fred C. Ainsworth a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 1951, ya nufi Philippines. Susan ta sayar da Oldsmobile don siyan tikitin jirgin sama don shiga shi. An ba shi aiki ga 44th Fighter-Bomber Squadron, wanda ke da tushe a Clark Air Base, kuma Manjo Charles McGee, babban matukin jirgi na soja ne ya umarta. Da farko dai, Borman an iyakance shi ga ayyukan da ba na tashi sama ba saboda kunn kunnensa; ko da yake ya warke, likitocin tushe sun ji tsoron sake fashewa idan ya tashi. Ya rinjayi McGee ya dauke shi don jirage a cikin T-6, sannan Lockheed T-33, sigar mai horar da Tauraruwar Shooting. Wannan ya gamsar da likitocin, kuma an maido da matsayin jirgin Borman a ranar 22 ga watan Satumba,shekara ta alif 1952. Ɗansa na biyu, Edwin Sloan, an haife shi a Clark a watan Yuli shekara ta alif 1952.

## Manazarta