Rikicin Yan bindiga a Najeriya

**Rikicin Yan bindiga a arewa maso yammacin Najeriya**, rikici ne da ke ci gaba da faruwa tsakanin gwamnatin kasar da gungiyoyi daban-daban da kuma na kabilanci. Tun daga shekara ta 2011, rashin tsaro da ya barke Rikicin Fulani da Hausawa, ya sa wasu Yan ta’adda da masu jihadi suka yi gaggawar kafa yankin.

## Asalin
Asalin rikicin Yan fashin za a iya gano shi tun daga rikicin makiyaya da manoma da ya addabi Najeriya. Rushewar muhalli da karancin ruwa da filayen noma ya haifar da al'ummomin da ke fafutukar neman arzikin albarkatun kasa. Rashin aikin yi, tsananin talauci da raunin kananan hukumomi sun ba da damar ci gaba da rikidewar mutane masu ra’ayin rikau da suka koma aikata miyagun laifuka don samun abin rayuwa. Manyan gandun daji sun ba da izinin boyewa da kuma kafa sansani a cikin daji. Jami’an ‘yan sanda da sojoji sun kasa isa wadannan yankunan dazuzzuka. 

## Tashin hankali
Ci gaba da rashin tsaro, kwararowar hamada, da yuwuwar tasirin masu jihadi sun ba da damar karuwar hare-hare. Manyan makamai da fasa kwaurin makamai ya baiwa kungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka damar samun manyan makamai, lamarin da ke kara janyo asarar rayuka. Sojojin kananan hukumomi da na tarayya da ba su da kayan aiki tare da mummuna yanayi suna kai hare-hare a cikin dajin mai hatsari kuma mai sauƙin kai hare-hare. Ci gaba da gazawar gwamnati na shawo kan matsalar yadda ya kamata ya ba da damar rashin tsaro ya yadu kuma ya yi girma cikin tashin hankali. 

## Yin garkuwa da mutane
Yan bindiga a Najeriya suna yin hanyoyi da dama don samun kudi. ’Yan fashi suna shiga garuruwa da kauyuka a kan babura suna kwasar ganima da sace duk wanda suka gani; duk wanda ya yi adawa za a kashe shi. Satar mutane abu ne mai matukar riba a arewa maso yammacin Najeriya. Wata saniya a Najeriya za ta iya samun Naira 200,000 na Najeriya yayin da garkuwa da mutum daya ke iya samun miliyoyin Naira. Tsakanin 2011 zuwa 2020 Yan Najeriya sun biya akalla miliyan 18 don yantar da Yan uwa da abokan arziki.

## Kasuwancin makamai
Makamai ba bisa ka’ida ba ya zama ruwan dare a yankin arewa maso yammacin Najeriya, kungiyoyin ‘yan bindiga ne ke kula da ma’adinan zinare, zinaren da suke cinikin makamai daga cikin gida da waje.  Akwai kimanin muggan makamai 60,000 da ke yawo a yankin arewa maso yammacin Najeriya. Iyakar arewacin Najeriya dai ba ta da kariya da jami'ai 1,950 ne kawai za su yi aikin 'yan sanda a kan iyakar, wanda hakan ya sa a samu saukin fasa kwaurin ta kan iyakar. 

## Yan bindiga
A jihar Zamfara kadai akwai Yan fashi sama da 30,000 da sansanoni 100. 

### Ali Kachalla
Ali Kachalla shugaban Yan fashi ne mai kimanin shekaru 30 da haihuwa wanda aka haifa a wani karamin gari mai suna Madada kusa da Dansadau. Ali Kachalla yana kula da gungun Yan fashi da ya kai kimanin 200 a dajin kuyambana. Babban sansanin na Ali Kachalla ya kunshi bukkoki kusan biyu a gefen kogin Goron Dutse kimanin kilomita 25 kudu da Dansadau. Kungiyar ta Ali Kachalla ce ke iko da kauyukan Dandalla, Madada, da Gobirawa Kwacha kai tsaye inda suke kai hare-hare a kan Dansadau da sauran al’ummomin da ke makwabtaka da su. Kungiyar Ali Kachalla dai na da alaka da kungiyar makiyaya ta Dogo Gide.

Yan kungiyar Ali Kachalla sun kai hare-hare da dama musamman harbo wani jirgin yaki na Air Force Alpha Jet a ranar 18 ga watan Yuni 2021 tare da lalata wani jirgin Mowag Piranha da ke dauke da makamai a Dansadau a ranar 23 ga Yuli, 2021. Kungiyar ta Ali Kachalla dai ta sha kashi a hannun ta, musamman ta rasa mazaje 30 a wani yakin da suka yi da wani gungun Ansaru . 

### Dogo Gide
Dogo Gide, ainahin suna Abubakar Abdullahi, shi ne shugaban wata kungiyar Yan bindiga da ke kusa da Dansadau. Shi dan karamar hukumar Maru ne, shekarunsa arba'in ne, yayi aure, kuma yana da yayansa sa. Ya shahara wajen kashe shugaban ‘yan ta’addan Buharin Daji ta hanyar yaudare shi zuwa taron neman zaman lafiya a tsakanin ‘yan kungiyarsu guda biyu, sannan ya kashe Daji da wasu Yan kungiyar guda 24. Ya kuma kashe wani shugaban ‘yan fashi da makami mai suna Damina bayan Damina ta kai hari a ƙauyukan da ke karkashin sa.   

### Kachalla Halilu Sububu Seno
Kachalla Halilu Sububu Seno shi ne shugaban kungiyar yan bindigar Fulani. Ya umurci ‘yan bindiga sama da 1,000 a dajin Sububu da ke fadin jihar Zamfara kuma yana da alaka da kungiyoyin ‘yan bindiga a kasashen yammacin Afirka da suka hada da Mali, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Kamaru da Jamhuriyar Tsakiyar Afrika . shekaru biyu da suka wuce Kachalla Halilu Sububu Seno ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da birnin Shinkafi amma Kachalla Halilu ya canza aikinsa zuwa wani wuri.  

### Kachalla Turji
Kachalla Turji wanda aka fi sani da Gudda Turji shi ne shugaban wata kungiyar kungiyar ‘yan bindiga da ke gudanar da ayyukan ta’addanci a kan hanyar Sakkwato, inda suke kai hare-hare a garuruwa, kauyuka, da kauyukan yankin. A ranar 17 ga Yuli, 2021 jami'an tsaro sun kai farmaki babban sansanin Kachalla Turji inda suka kama mahaifinsa. Daga nan sai Kachalla Turji ya kai hari kauyukan Kurya, Keta, Kware, Badarawa, Marisuwa, da Maberaya inda suka kashe mutane 42, suka sace 150, tare da kona gidaje 338.   

### Dan Karami
Dan Karami shi ne shugaban gungun Yan bindiga da ke addabar kananan hukumomin Safana, Dan Musa, da Batsari. Kungiyar Dan Karami dai ta shahara da kasancewa daya daga cikin kungiyoyin da suka yi garkuwa da dalibai 300 a makarantar kwana ta Sakandare. A ranar 23 ga watan Junairu, 2021, Dan Karami ya samu rauni a wata arangama da wata kungiyar adawa da Mani Na Saleh Mai Dan Doki ke jagoranta kan sarrafa bindigogi, alburusai, da shanun sata. Rikicin ya faru ne a kauyen Illela inda aka kashe Yan bindigar Dan Karami 20 da fararen hula tara.  

### Adamu Aliero Yankuzo
Adamu Aliero Yankuzo wanda aka fi sani da Yankuzo shi ne shugaban kungiyar ‘yan ta’adda da ke gudanar da ayyukanta a dazuzzukan jihohin Katsina da Zamfara. Yana sarrafa gungun 'yan fashi da suka kai kusan ma'aikata 2,000. Yankuzo yana da shekaru 45 kuma an haife shi a kauyen Yankuzo, Yankuzo yana da akalla da guda. A ranar 16 ga watan Yunin 2020 ne rundunar dan sandan jihar Katsina ta bayyana Yankuzo a kan naira miliyan 5 na Najeriya. Kungiyar Yankuzo ta kai hare-hare da dama, daya daga cikin manyan hare-haren da ya kai ya kashe mutane 52 a kauyen Kadisau a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan kama dansa da suka yi a ranar 9 ga watan Yuni, 2020. 

### Kungiyoyin jihadi
ISWAP da Boko Haram duk sun yi ikirarin kai hare-hare a yankin arewa maso yammacin Najeriya har ma wasu kungiyoyin 'yan bindiga sun yi ikirarin kulla kawance da kungiyoyin masu jihadi. Taimakawa wadannan ikirari shine kiran wayar da jami'an leken asirin Amurka suka kama a watan Oktoban 2021, kiran wayar, tsakanin wata kungiyar Jihadi da ba a bayyana sunanta ba da kungiyar 'yan fashi, sun tattauna ayyukan sace-sacen mutane da tattaunawa tsakanin kungiyoyin biyu. 

An kuma yi hasashen cewa kungiyar ta Boko Haram ta tura wasu kwararrun jami’ai da suka hada da masu hada bama-bamai, da mashawartan sojoji da kuma kayan aikin soja a jihar Kaduna domin horar da ‘yan kungiyar ‘yan fashi da makami.  

#### Ansaru ya dawo
Ana rade-radin cewa kungiyar Ansaru mai jihadi da ke da alaka da al-Qaida tana gudanar da ayyukanta a jihar Kaduna. Bayan yin shiru a shekarar 2013, Ansaru ya fara kai hari kan jami’an sojan Najeriya da jami’an ‘yan sanda da kayayyakin more rayuwa, ciki har da kwanton bauna kan ayarin motocin sojojin Najeriya a ranar 15 ga watan Janairun 2020 wanda rundunar sojin Najeriya ta ce ta kashe sojoji shida amma Anasru ya yi ikirarin kashe sojoji 22. 

## Yan gudun hijira
Akalla mutane 247,000 ne suka rasa matsugunansu sannan an lalata kauyuka 120 a ci gaba da ayyukan ‘yan bindiga a yankin arewa maso yammacin Najeriya.   Akalla mutane 77,000 daga cikin ‘yan gudun hijira ne aka tilastawa shiga yankin Maradi na Jamhuriyar Nijar inda ake ci gaba da kai hare-hare kan iyakokin kasar. Akalla ‘yan gudun hijira 11,320 ne aka yi nasarar mayar da su matsuguni. 

## Tsarin lokaci

### Ayyukan gwamnatin Najeriya

#### Atisayen Harbin Kunama
A ranar 8 ga watan Yulin 2016 ne shugaban ƙasa Muhammadu Buhari ya sanar da cewa rundunar sojin Najeriya za ta kaddamar da farmakin soja mai suna Operation Harbin Kunama, rundunar sojin bataliya ta 223 masu sulke na Mechanized Division 1 ne za su gudanar da aikin.   Rundunar Sojoji ta abka wa kungiyoyin ‘yan bindiga a dajin Dansadau. A kwanakin baya kafin sanarwar, ayarin motocin dauke da sabbin kayan aikin soji cikin jihar Zamfara da suka hada da Tankokin yaki da AFV.  Za a gudanar da ayyukan soja na farko bayan kwanaki. 

#### Atisayen Sharan Daji
Tun a farkon shekarar 2016, Operation Sharan Daji wani farmaki ne na Sojoji da sojojin Najeriya suka kai da nufin halaka Yan bindiga a arewa maso yammacin Najeriya. Birgediya 31 na Artillery Brigade da Bataliya 2 na runduna ta 1 ta farko ta Makanikai ne suka gudanar da aikin. A watan Maris din 2016, an kashe Yan bindiga 35, an kama bindigu 36, an kwato shanu 6,009, an lalata sansanonin Yan fashi 49, an kuma kama Yan bindiga 38. 

#### Yarjejeniyar Aiki
A ranar 5 ga watan Yuni, 2020, rundunar sojin Najeriya ta kaddamar da Operation Accord, aikin ya kafa rundunar hadin gwiwa ta Yan banga da sojojin runduna ta 312 Artillery Regiment. An kaddamar da farmaki ta sama da ta kasa a daidai lokacin da aka sanar da harin inda aka kashe Yan bindiga sama da 70.  Rundunar ta kai ga lalata sansanonin Yan bindiga da dama ciki har da wani sansani na Ansaru. 

### Manyan hare-haren Yan fashi

#### 2020

* Afrilu 18, 2020 Katsina
* 11 December, Garkuwa da mutane a Kankara

#### 2021

* 24-25 Fabrairu, 2021 Kaduna da Katsina
* 26 ga Fabrairu, Zamfara
* 11 ga Maris, Afaka sace
* Afrilu 20, sace Jami'ar Greenfield
* 3 June, 2021 Kebbi
* 11-12 ga Yuni, Zurmi kisan gilla
* 14 June, Kebbi sace sace
* 5 ga Yuli, Chikun

#### 2022

* 2022 kashe kashen Zamfara

## Magana