Judith Hubback

**Judith Hubback** (an haife ta **Eläis Judith Fischer Williams**; 23 ga Fabrairu 1917 - 6 ga Janairu 2006) ta kasance masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam da masanin zamantakewa na Burtaniya da aka sani da karatun farko game da mata da aiki.

## Rayuwa ta farko da iyali
An haifi Eläis Judith Fischer Williams a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu 1917, 'yar ta uku ta lauyan kasa da kasa Sir John Fischer Williams, CBE, KC (1870-1947) da matarsa, mai zane Eleanor Marjorie Hay Murray (1880-1961).   Babbar 'yar'uwarta ita ce masanin tarihi kuma ma'aikaciyar gwamnati Jenifer Margaret Hart, matar H. L. A. Hart).  Hubback ya girma a birnin Paris kuma ya koyi yin magana da Faransanci sosai. Ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Newnham, Cambridge, ta kammala karatu a 1936 tare da digiri na farko a tarihi. Yayinda take jami'a, ta sadu da David Hubback (wanda ya mutu a 1991), ɗan Eva Hubback. Sun yi aure a 1939 kuma tare suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu da ɗa ɗaya.

## Ayyuka

### Koyarwa, rayuwar aure da nazarin zamantakewa
Hubback malamar makaranta ce har sai da ta haifi ɗanta na fari;  ta fuskanci wariya yayin da take neman aikin koyarwa a matsayinta na matar aure  kuma ta ji takaicin rashin samun cikakkun bayanai game da aikin mijinta saboda, a matsayinta na ma'aikacin gwamnati, an bukaci ya ɓoye sirrinsa.  Da ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, damar samun aiki ga mata (wanda aka faɗaɗa sosai don biyan buƙatun lokacin yaƙi) ta ragu; tsammanin zamantakewa cewa mata za su zama uwaye na cikakken lokaci da zarar sun haifi 'ya'ya suma sun zama shingen al'adu ga aiki.  A ƙarshen shekarun 1940, Hubback ta fahimci surukarta, Eva Hubback, ta nazarin zamantakewa kan matan gida masu aiki kuma ta ɗauki sha'awar amsoshin bincikenta.  Ta ƙara sha'awar ra'ayoyin mata game da aiki da kuma binciken gidan waya da ake gudanarwa da kansu a matsayin wani ɓangare na wani aiki na bincika rayuwar mata masu ilimi da aure a Burtaniya.  A shekarar 1954, ta buga sakamakon bincikenta a matsayin ƙasida mai taken ' *Graduate Wives'<nowiki/>*, wanda ya jawo hankalin jaridun ƙasa.  A shekarar 1957, ta biyo bayan littafin *<nowiki/>'Graduate Wives'<nowiki/>* mai suna: *Wives Who Went to College*', wanda *[[The Guardian|jaridar The Guardian]]* ta bayyana a matsayin "wanda ya riga zamaninsa sosai". 

A cikin kalmomin masanin tarihi Helen McCarthy, Hubback yana ɗaya daga cikin masu bincike da yawa a shekarun 1950 (kamar Viola Klein, Pearl Jephcott, Ferdynand Zweig, Nancy Seear da Hannah Gavron ) waɗanda "suka taimaka wajen ƙara fahimtar aikin mata masu aure a matsayin muhimmin siffa ta ci gaban al'ummomin masana'antu, kuma wanda ya magance matsalolin mata 'na zamani' a fannoni daban-daban na zamantakewa."  Ta ba da rahoton takaicin mata masu ƙwarewa waɗanda suka ji an tilasta musu daina aiki bayan sun yi aure ko kuma su kula da 'ya'yansu; ta kammala da cewa matan da suka sadaukar da kansu da kuma ikonsu na zama uwaye da mata masu cikakken lokaci maimakon haka "sau da yawa suna sadaukar da kansu ta hanyar da suke barin kansu su shiga cikin yanayin tunani wanda rayuwarsu ta yau da kullun ke lalata su a hankali a matsayin mutane daban-daban".  Hubback ya yi jayayya cewa mata za su iya daidaita matsayin uwa, aure da aiki ne kawai ta hanyar cikakken goyon bayan mazajensu.  *Matan da Suka Je Kwaleji* sun kasance batun tattaunawa mai yawa: ya sami sharhi 87 a cikin littattafai da aka buga kuma shine batun manyan kasidu a cikin *Jaridar Times* da *The Economist* . 

### Ilimin halayyar mutum da rayuwarsa ta baya
Duk da aikinta (wanda ya haɗa da watsa shirye-shirye masu zaman kansu da aikin jarida), ta ci gaba da jin daɗi sosai game da fannoni na rayuwarta: "ta gamsu ba kuma wani lokacin tana baƙin ciki, ta san cewa tana da damar da ba a fahimta ba. " Ta ziyarci Robert Hobson,  mai ilimin halayyar Jungian, kuma ta zama mai sha'awar batun da ta cancanta tare da Society of Analytical Psychology a 1964. Kafin wannan ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara a Kwalejin Jami'ar, London kafin ta cancanci, godiya ga abokantaka da Arnold Linken, darektan kiwon lafiya na baƙi na Afirka ta Kudu. Ba ta da kayan aiki don magance batutuwan tafiyar zamantakewar ɗalibai, irin wanda ba ta taɓa samu ba a cikin renonta mai daraja, musamman na ɗaliban maza masu aiki. Ta kasance da farin ciki tare da Society fiye da kasancewa cikin rikice-rikice tsakanin matsalolin rayuwa na ainihi na ɗaliban da ba na tsakiya ba na Oxford. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Sakataren girmamawa na wani lokaci, a matsayin co-editor na Journal of Analytical Psychology (1976-85) kuma a matsayin wakilin Society a kwamitin International Association for Analytical Psychological (1986-92).

A shekara ta 1997, ta ba da takardunta ga Tarihin Laburaren Mata a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London . 

Hubback ta mutu a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu 2006 kuma 'ya'yanta uku sun tsira. Mijinta ya mutu kafin ta.

### Bayyanar BBC TV
Hubback ya ba da gudummawa ga shirin BBC "The Meaning of Dreams", wanda ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da masanin halitta Bill Oddie ya gabatar. An watsa shi a ranar 16 ga Afrilu 1986. 

## Littattafai
Hubback ta buga takardun sana'arta a shekarar 1988 kamar haka:

* *Mutanen da ke Yi Abubuwa ga juna*

Ayyukanta na wallafe-wallafen sun hada da:

* *Tsibirin da Mutane* (1964), wanda ke dauke da shayari
* The Sea Has Many Voices (1990), wani littafi wanda ya sami Kyautar Sagittarius ta Society of Authors a 1991.
* Daga Dawn zuwa Dusk (2003), tarihin kansa

## Manazarta