Yaƙin Uganda da Tanzania

Yakin Uganda-Tanzania, wanda aka sani a Tanzania da **Yaƙin Kagera** (Kiswahili: Vita vya Kagera) kuma a Uganda da **Yakin 'Yanci na 1979**, an yi yaƙi tsakanin Uganda da Tanzania daga Oktoba 1978 har zuwa Yuni 1979 kuma ya haifar da hambarar da Shugaba Idi Amin na Uganda. Yaƙin ya riga ya lalacewar dangantakar da ke tsakanin Uganda da Tanzania bayan da Amin ya hambarar da Shugaba Milton Obote a shekarar 1971, wanda ke kusa da Shugaban Tanzania, Julius Nyerere . A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, mulkin Amin ya lalace ta hanyar tashin hankali, matsalolin tattalin arziki, da rashin gamsuwa a cikin Sojojin Uganda.

Yanayin da ke kewaye da barkewar yaƙin ba a bayyane yake ba, kuma akwai labarai daban-daban game da abubuwan da suka faru. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1978, sojojin Uganda sun fara kai hari cikin Tanzania. Daga baya a wannan watan, Sojojin Uganda sun kaddamar da mamayewa, sun sace dukiya kuma sun kashe fararen hula. Kafofin yada labarai na Uganda sun ayyana mamayewar Kagera Salient. A ranar 2 ga Nuwamba, Nyerere ya ayyana yaƙi da Uganda kuma ya tattara Sojojin Tsaro na Tanzania (TPDF) don sake karɓar wurin. Nyerere ya kuma tattara 'yan tawayen Uganda masu aminci ga Obote da Yoweri Museveni don raunana mulkin Amin. Bayan Amin ya kasa yin watsi da ikirarinsa ga Kagera kuma Kungiyar hadin kan Afirka (OAU) ta kasa hukunta mamayar Uganda, TPDF ta mamaye garuruwan Masaka da Mbarara a kudancin Uganda.

Yayinda TPDF ke shirin share hanyar zuwa babban birnin Uganda na Kampala, Muammar Gaddafi, shugaban Libya kuma abokin Amin, ya aika da dubban sojoji zuwa Uganda don taimakawa Sojojin Uganda. Kungiyar 'Yancin Falasdinawa ta kuma aika da' yan tawaye da yawa don taimakawa Amin. A watan Maris Lukaya" id="mwKg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Battle of Lukaya">Yaƙin da ya fi girma a yaƙin ya faru ne lokacin da Tanzaniyawa da 'yan tawayen Uganda suka ci hadin gwiwar sojojin Uganda-Libya-Palestina a Lukaya. Rashin Lukaya ya jagoranci Sojojin Uganda su fara rushewa. Nyerere ya yi imanin cewa ya kamata a ba 'yan tawayen Uganda lokaci don shirya nasu gwamnatin don cin nasarar Amin. Ya dauki nauyin taron 'yan tawaye da' yan gudun hijira a Moshi daga baya a wannan watan, inda aka kafa kungiyar 'yancin kasa ta Uganda (UNLF). Libya ta kawo karshen shiga tsakani a farkon watan Afrilu kuma dakarunta sun bar kasar. A ranar 10 ga Afrilu hadin gwiwar sojojin TPDF-UNLF sun kai hari Kampala, kuma sun tabbatar da shi washegari. Amin ya gudu zuwa gudun hijira yayin da aka kafa gwamnatin UNLF. A cikin watanni masu zuwa, TPDF ta mamaye Uganda, tana fuskantar tsayayya kawai. Ya tabbatar da iyakar Uganda da Sudan a watan Yuni, inda ya kawo karshen yakin.

Yaƙin ya yi mummunar cutar da tattalin arzikin Tanzania kuma ya haifar da lalacewa mai tsawo ga Kagera. Har ila yau, yana da mummunar tasirin tattalin arziki a Uganda, kuma ya haifar da yunkuri na aikata laifuka da tashin hankali na siyasa yayin da gwamnatin UNLF ke gwagwarmaya don kiyaye tsari. Rashin jituwa na siyasa da juriya na ragowar Sojojin Uganda a yankunan iyaka ya haifar da barkewar Yakin Bush na Uganda a shekarar 1980.

## Tarihi

### Rashin dangantakar Uganda da Tanzania

A shekara ta 1971 Kanal Idi Amin ya hau mulki bayan Uganda_coup_d'état" id="mwPQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1971 Ugandan coup d'état">juyin mulkin soja wanda ya hambarar da Shugaban Uganda, Milton Obote, wanda ya haifar da lalacewar dangantaka da makwabciyar Tanzania. Shugaban kasar Tanzania Julius Nyerere yana da alaƙa ta kusa da Obote kuma ya goyi bayan tsarin gurguzu. Amin ya sanya kansa a matsayin Shugaban Uganda kuma ya mallaki kasar a karkashin mulkin kama karya. Nyerere ya hana amincewa da sabuwar gwamnati kuma ya ba da mafaka ga Obote da magoya bayansa. Yayin da Amin ya kaddamar da babban tsarkakewa na abokan gaba a Uganda wanda ya ga an kashe 'yan Uganda 30,000 zuwa 50,000, Obote nan da nan dubban sauran masu adawa da kuma' yan adawa suka shiga. Tare da amincewar Nyerere, waɗannan 'yan gudun hijirar Uganda sun shirya ƙaramin rundunar 'Yan tawaye, kuma sun yi ƙoƙari, ba tare da nasara ba, su mamaye Uganda kuma su cire Amin a cikin 1972. Amin ya zargi Nyerere da tallafawa da kuma makamai ga abokan gaba,  kuma ya rama ta hanyar jefa bama-bamai a garuruwan iyakar Tanzania. Kodayake kwamandojinsa sun bukaci ya amsa da irin wannan, Nyerere ya amince da sulhu da Shugaban Somaliya, Siad Barre, ke kula da shi, wanda ya haifar da sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Mogadishu. Yarjejeniyar ta nuna cewa sojojin Uganda da Tanzaniya dole ne su janye zuwa matsayi aƙalla kilomita 10 (6.2  daga iyaka kuma su guji tallafawa sojojin adawa waɗanda suka yi niyya ga gwamnatocin juna.

Duk da haka, dangantakar da ke tsakanin shugabannin biyu ta kasance mai wahala; Nyerere akai-akai ya soki mulkin Amin, kuma Amin ya yi barazanar mamaye Tanzania. A lokaci guda, dangantakar da ke tsakanin Tanzania da Kenya ta zama mai zafi, kuma Ƙungiyar Gabashin Afirka ta rushe a shekara ta 1977.  Har ila yau, Uganda ta yi jayayya da iyakarta da Tanzania, tana mai cewa Kagera Salient - murabba'in kilomita 7 (1,900 ) na ƙasa tsakanin iyakar hukuma da Kogin Kagera kilomita 18 (29  zuwa kudu, ya kamata a sanya shi a ƙarƙashin ikonta, yana mai da hankali cewa kogin ya samar da iyaka mai ma'ana. Jami'an mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya da Jamus ne suka tattauna kan iyakar kafin Yaƙin Duniya na I.