Lilian Rolfe

**Lilian Vera Rolfe** (26 ga Afrilu 1914 - 5 ga Fabrairu 1945), sunan lambar **Nadine**, ya kasance wakilin kungiyar masu gudanarwa ta musamman ta Burtaniya (SOE) a Faransa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu . Manufar SOE ita ce gudanar da leken asiri, sabuntawa da bincike a cikin Turai da aka mamaye a kan ikon Axis, musamman Nazi Jamus. Jami'an SOE a Faransa sun haɗa kai da kungiyoyin adawa na Faransa kuma sun ba su makamai da kayan aiki da aka saukar daga Ingila.

Rolfe ya kasance mai aiki mara waya don Cibiyar Tarihi da ke Orleans. Bayan watanni hudu na aiki a Faransa, 'yan Jamus sun kama ta a ranar 31 ga Yuli 1944. An kashe ta a sansanin fursuna na Ravensbrück a ƙarshen Janairu 1945.

## Rayuwa ta farko
Rolfe da tagwayen 'yar uwarta Helen Fedora Rolfe 'ya'ya nawa ne na George Rolfe, mai lissafin kuɗi na Burtaniya da ke aiki a Paris, kuma mahaifiyar Rasha, wacce Bayahude ce, don haka Lilian Bayahude ne. Kodayake ta girma a Paris, Rolfe ta zo Ingila don bazara a Burtaniya don koyon Turanci, amma ta yi rashin lafiya da zazzabin rheumatic. A 1933, lokacin da take da shekaru goma sha tara, iyalin suka koma Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Rolfe yana aiki a sashen manema labarai na Ofishin Jakadancin Burtaniya lokacin da Yaƙin Duniya na II ya fara a 1939. Wani bangare na aikinta shine saka idanu kan motsi na jirgin ruwa na Jamus a ciki da waje na Rio. A watan Fabrairun 1943, Rolfe ta bar Brazil da iyalinta a baya don shiga yakin a Ingila. Jirgin ta ya lalace sosai, mai yiwuwa ta hanyar ma'adinai na Jamus, a cikin tsallaka teku. A Ingila ta shiga WAAF a ranar 16 ga Mayu 1943. Kayan aikinta tare da harsuna ya kawo ta ga SOE kuma ta shiga kungiyar a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba 1943. SOE ta horar da ita a matsayin mai aiki mara waya. Ba ta da farin ciki a lokacin horo saboda rashin nasarar soyayya.

## Faransa
A Ranar D ga Afrilu 19, jirgin saman Westland Lysander ya sauke Rolfe a filin jirgin sama na sirri kusa da ƙauyen Azay-sur-Cher (kusa da Tours) a cikin Faransa da Jamus ta mamaye. An ɗaure shi a wuyanta mara waya ne wanda ke da nauyin kilo 4 kawai (8.8  ciki har da shari'ar ɗaukarsa, babban ci gaba a kan B-2 mara waya mai nauyin kilo  (33  wanda jami'an SOE na baya suka yi amfani da shi. An sanya Rolfe don aiki a cikin cibiyar sadarwa ta Tarihi (ko da'ira) karkashin jagorancin George Alfred "Teddy" Wilkinson kuma yana zaune a birnin Orleans. A lokacin isowarta, SOE tana shiga cikin jami'ai da yawa, musamman ma masu aiki mara waya, zuwa Faransa a shirye-shiryen mamayewar Allied na Faransa, (D-day), wanda zai faru a ranar 6 ga Yuni 1944. 

Dangane da koyarwar SOE don rage hulɗa da wasu wakilai, Rolfe bai sadu da Wilkinson ba har zuwa 2 ga Yuni. A halin yanzu, ta sadu kuma ta yi aiki tare da kungiyar adawa ta Faransa, Maquis, ta nemi wuraren saukowa don jirgin sama na ɓoye da saukar da kayan aiki, kuma ta kafa gidaje masu aminci. Ta aika da jimlar sakonnin mara waya 67 zuwa hedkwatar SOE a London wanda ke ba da damar SOE ta sauke kayan aiki da makamai ga Maquis a shirye-shiryen rawar da suka taka wajen hana martani na Jamus ga saukowar D-day. Ta motsa daga wuri zuwa wuri kuma tsakanin watsa shirye-shiryen ta ɓoye rediyo a wurare daban-daban. Ta shiga cikin rikici tsakanin Jamusawa da Maquis kusa da Olivet.

A ƙarshen Yuni, 'yan Jamus sun kama Wilkinson (kuma daga baya suka kashe shi). Rolfe ya ci gaba da aiki a karkashin wani shugaban yankin mai suna Pierre Charié . Koyaya, a ranar 31 ga Yuli Jamusawa masu janyewa sun mamaye garin Nangis don kama wadanda ake zargi da adawa. A cikin gida daya sun yi tsammanin samun mai tsayayya, amma a maimakon haka sun sami Rolfe, dukiyar da ba a tsammani ba, mai aiki da mara waya na SOE. Takardunta sun kasance masu tuhuma kuma nan da nan suka sami rediyo.

An yi wa Rolfe tambayoyi a hedikwatar SD a 84 Avenue Foch a Paris kuma an ɗaure shi a gidan yarin Fresnes. A ranar 8 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1944, tare da abokan hulɗa da ke ci gaba a birnin Paris, an tura Rolfe da sauran jami'an SOE da aka kama ta jirgin kasa zuwa Jamus. A ƙarshen watan Agusta ta isa sansanin fursuna na Ravensbrück don mata. Tare da jami'an SOE Violette Szabo da Denise Bloch ta ba da gudummawa don wani aiki a Torgau a Saxony, inda yanayin ya fi kyau fiye da Ravensbrūck. Sun yi ƙoƙari su tsere amma sun kasa. An mayar da su Ravensbrück, an doke su kuma an sanya su a cikin wani bunker na karkashin kasa. A ranar 19 ga Oktoba, an tura su Königsberg a Brandenburg inda aka tilasta musu yin aiki mai nauyi a yanayin hunturu. An kira su zuwa Ravensbrück a ƙarshen Janairu 1945, suna cikin rashin lafiya. Rolfe bai iya tafiya ba kuma Bloch yana " fama da gangrene". Bayan 'yan kwanaki sai aka kai su farfajiyar ta wurin ƙone gawa. Kwamandan sansanin Fritz Suhren ya karanta umarnin kisa kuma an harbe kowannensu a bayan kai tare da karamin bindiga. An ƙone gawawwakinsu. Wani mai shaida ya ce matan sun kasance "masu jaruntaka sosai" kuma Kwamandan Suhren ya yi fushi cewa Gestapo "ba su aiwatar da kisan ba".

## Daraja
Wasu kafofin na biyu sun bayyana Rolfe kamar yadda aka nada shi MBE, amma babu sanarwa mai dacewa a cikin The London Gazette, don haka da'awar na iya zama ba tare da tushe ba.

An zana sunan Rolfe a kan Tunawa da Runnymede a Surrey, Ingila. "Gidan Lilian Rolfe" a Vincennes Estate, Lambeth an sadaukar da ita ga ƙwaƙwalwarta. A cikin girmamawa, gwamnatin Faransa ta ba ta lambar yabo ta Croix de Guerre . [1] A garin Montargis a cikin Loiret département, inda ta kasance mai aiki, an sanya wa titin suna da sunan ta: "Rue Claudie Rolfe". A matsayinta na ɗaya daga cikin jami'an SOE waɗanda suka mutu don 'yancin Faransa, an jera ta a kan "Roll of Honour" a kan Valençay SOE Memorial a garin Valençy, a cikin Indre departement na Faransa. Kamar jami'an mata da yawa an tura ta cikin First Aid Nursing Yeomanry (FANY) lokacin da ta shiga SOE. Ta haka ne kuma ana tunawa da ita a wurin tunawa da FANY a St Paul's Church Knightsbridge a London. A ranar 19 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2021 an shigar da takarda a gidan Rolfe a (32 Avenue Duquesne a cikin 7th arrondissement na Paris) saboda kokarin Barbara Cronk, memba na dangin Rolfe.[2]

A cikin fim din 1958 Carve Her Name with Pride, Anne Leon ce ta buga halin Lilian Rolfe.