Robert Orville Anderson

**Robert Orville Anderson** (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Afrilu, na shekara ta 1917 - 2 ga Disamba, 2007) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan Amurka, mai tattara fasaha, kuma mai taimakon jama'a wanda ya kafa Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO). Anderson ya kuma tallafa wa ƙungiyoyin al'adu da dama, daga Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Gundumar Los Angeles zuwa *Mujallar Harper* . Ya mutu a ranar 2 ga Disamba, 2007, a gidansa da ke Roswell, New Mexico . 

Anderson ya mayar da ARCO a matsayin kamfanin mai na shida mafi girma a Amurka a lokacin da ya bar aiki a shekarar 1986 saboda ritayar dole. A lokacin shi ne mafi girman mai filaye a Amurka, tare da gonaki da sauran filaye a Texas da New Mexico wanda ya kai kimanin    da kuma dukiyar da aka kiyasta ta kai dala miliyan 200. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Anderson a Chicago a ranar 13 ga Afrilu, 1917, ga bakin haure 'yan Sweden Hugo A. Anderson da Hilda Nelson. Mahaifinsa fitaccen ma'aikacin banki ne wanda, Anderson ya ce sau da yawa, shi ne ma'aikacin banki na farko a Amurka "wanda ya ba da rancen kuɗi a kan mai a ƙasa."  

Robert ya halarci makarantar firamare da sakandare a Makarantun Dakin Gwaji na Jami'ar Chicago, sannan ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Jami'ar Chicago, inda ya yi karatun tattalin arziki sannan ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1939. Anderson ƙwararren masani ne kuma ana ganin zai zama farfesa a fannin falsafa.  Ya kasance memba na reshen Omega na ƙungiyar Psi Upsilon . A lokacin bazara, ya yi aiki a kan bututun mai a Texas. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi aiki a Kamfanin American Mineral Spirits, wani reshe na Pure Oil . A shekarar 1941, mahaifinsa ya taimaka masa da 'yan uwansa su sayi matatar mai a New Mexico.

## Sana'a
Zuwa shekarar 1950, Anderson ya mallaki matatun mai da dama, ya gina tsarin bututun mai, kuma ya zama mai farautar namun daji . Ya shiga sahun gaba a cikin masu samar da mai masu zaman kansu a shekarar 1957 tare da wani babban abin da aka gano a filin Empire-Abo da ke New Mexico. 

A shekarar 1963, Anderson ya haɗa kamfaninsa Hondo zuwa Kamfanin Atlantic Refining Company na Philadelphia. A shekarar 1966, a matsayinsa na shugaban Atlantic kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa, ya haɗu da Richfield Oil na Los Angeles, inda ya kafa Kamfanin Atlantic Richfield (wanda daga baya aka rage shi zuwa "ARCO". Hedkwatar kamfanin tana birnin New York .

A shekarar 1967, ya amince da shawarwarin da ma'aikatan ARCO Alaska suka bayar, ciki har da masana kimiyyar ƙasa Marvin Mangus da John M. Sweet . Amincewarsa ta haifar da gano babban filin mai da ARCO ta samu a Arewacin Amurka a Prudhoe Bay a kan North Slope na Alaska.  Wannan filin mai ya samar da biliyoyin ganga na danyen mai kuma ya kai kashi ɗaya bisa biyar na yawan man da ake samarwa a cikin gida.  Ba da daɗewa ba, saboda arzikin da aka samu daga gano man Prudhoe Bay, ya sake haɗuwa da Sinclair Oil, inda ya kafa kamfanin mai na bakwai mafi girma a Amurka. 

Anderson ya jagoranci ƙaura daga birnin New York zuwa Los Angeles a shekarar 1972, lokacin da ya buɗe Atlantic Richfield Plaza a kan titin Flower, wanda ya samar da tagwayen hasumiyai na birnin, tsawon shekaru da yawa mafi tsayi a birnin.

Abota ta dogon lokaci tsakanin Anderson da Herbert Bayer, tsohon Bauhaus Master, ta haifar da sha'awar Anderson da kuma sha'awar fasahar zamani. A matsayinsa na mai tattara kaya mai himma, tarin kayansa ya bazu zuwa ofisoshinsa. Lokacin da shi da ARCO suka ƙaura zuwa LA, tarin fasahar kamfanoni na Atlantic Richfield Company ya girma zuwa ayyuka sama da 3,000, waɗanda suka haɗa da zane-zane na asali, zane-zane, sassaka, bugu mai iyaka da hotuna masu sa hannu.

Babban abin da ke tsakiyar ARCO Plaza shi ne Maɓuɓɓugar Zane da Bayer ta tsara, mai suna *Double Ascension.* An ce Anderson ne ya sanya mata suna tare da Bayer a wurin. Da alama Anderson ya yi dariya sosai lokacin da ya fara jin taken asali (yana cewa yana son sa, amma yana shakkar "Membobin Hukumar da Masu Hannun Jari za su yaba da sassaka mai suna *Matakala zuwa Babu Inda* ").

Tarin zane-zane na ARCO a duk faɗin ƙasar ya kai sama da kayan tarihi 15,000 a ƙarƙashin jagorancin ma'aikatan Herbert Bayer da ARCO Corporate Art Collection, tare da wani ɓangare na tarin da aka ajiye a ofisoshin ARCO a biranen da ba Los Angeles ba. An nuna tarin a ko'ina cikin gine-ginen ARCO, a kan benaye na zartarwa da na aiki, a wuraren gama gari, lobbies da ofisoshi da kuma a cikin ɗakunan fayiloli da na'urorin kwafi. ARCO tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyi na farko da suka yi amfani da shigar da bayanai ta kwamfuta don bin diddigin da kuma tattara manyan tarin zane-zane.

Da aka tambaye shi dalilin da ya sa kamfanin Fortune 500 ya kamata ya saka hannun jari a fannin fasahar zamani, Anderson ya amsa: "Domin ina son sa. Yana sa ka yi tunani. Ban kai inda nake ba saboda na bi hanya ɗaya da kowa. Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa ARCO ta yi nasara shi ne ina ƙarfafa mutanena su kalli dukkan batutuwa daga kowace kusurwa. Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa fasahar zamani ke da amfani ga al'umma. Yana ƙarfafa ka ka yi tunani a waje da akwatin kuma ka yi amfani da tunaninka. Idan ka bincika wata matsala sosai kuma ka yi tunani game da duk hanyoyin da za a iya magancewa, za ka fito da mafi kyawun amsar. Wannan wani ɓangare ne na abin da ya sa ARCO ta yi nasara."

Anderson ya kuma jagoranci ƙoƙarin da kamfanoni bakwai suka yi na haɓaka bututun mai na Alaska a shekarar 1974.

Daga 1966 zuwa 1982, ta hanyar saye da kuma rarraba dabarun kasuwanci, Anderson ya ninka kudaden shigar ARCO sau 20 (daga dala biliyan 1 zuwa sama da dala biliyan 20). A shekarar 1985, yayin da farashin danyen mai ya faɗi kuma kamfanonin da ke da hannu a harkar kasuwanci suka fara mamaye kasuwar, Anderson ya jagoranci babban sake fasalin Arco.

Bayan ya yi ritaya daga ARCO a shekarar 1986, Anderson ya bar aiki ya kafa Kamfanin Hondo Oil & Gas, Roswell, New Mexico, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaba kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa daga Satumba 1986 zuwa Fabrairu 1994.

## Taimakon jama'a
Ya ceci littattafai guda biyu masu wahala, *The Observer*, da kuma *Harper's Magazine* .  Ya shawo kan hukumar ARCO ta sayi *Observer* a shekarar 1977 lokacin da littafin ya kusa durkushewa. Ya kira shi "wani ɗan ƙaramin fare kan rayuwar Ingila." A shekarar 1980, ARCO ta ceci *Harper's* da alƙawarin dala miliyan 1.5, wanda aka daidaita shi da irin wannan adadin daga Gidauniyar MacArthur. 

Anderson ya jagoranci ARCO don taka muhimmiyar rawa a fannin al'umma da kuma taimakon jama'a a Los Angeles. Kamfanin ya bayar da gudummawar dala miliyan 3 don biyan kuɗin sabon gini a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Gundumar Los Angeles . Ginin, wanda aka buɗe a shekarar 1986, an sanya masa suna ne saboda Anderson (yanzu shine Ginin Fasaha na Amurka). 

Anderson ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Cibiyar Nazarin Bil Adama ta Aspen, wadda ke tarbar shugabannin kasuwanci da sauransu don tattauna matsalolin duniya. Ya taimaka wajen kafa Cibiyar Kula da Muhalli ta Duniya a Washington don sa ido kan yanayin muhalli na duniya, Cibiyar Kula da Muhalli ta Duniya da Ci Gaba a Landan don nazarin batutuwan muhalli da abinci, da kuma Cibiyar Muhalli ta John Muir da ke Davis, California .  Anderson shi ma ya kasance mai tallafawa/mahalarta a taron tattaunawa na Agri-Energy Roundtable (AER), wani dandali da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da shi game da batutuwan noma da makamashi. Ya sami kyautar "Mutumin Tsaron Abinci na Shekara" ta AER a shekarar 1983.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Ya mutu a ranar 2 ga Disamba, 2007, a Roswell, New Mexico . Ɗan Anderson, Phelps Anderson, ɗan kasuwa ne kuma memba na Majalisar Wakilai ta New Mexico . 

## Gado da girmamawa

* Ya kasance amintaccen Cibiyar Fasaha ta California da Jami'ar Chicago tsawon rayuwarsa.
* A shekarar 1974, an sanya wa Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Robert O. Anderson ta Jami'ar New Mexico suna bayansa. 
* A shekarar 1980, an ba shi lambar yabo ta Golden Plate Award ta Kwalejin Nasara ta Amurka . 
* A shekarar 1986, an sanya wa sabon ginin da ke Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Gundumar Los Angeles suna (yanzu shine Ginin Fasaha na Amurka).
* 1986, an shigar da shi cikin shirin Junior Achievement na "Ƙungiyar Shahararrun Kasuwancin Amurka". 

## Manazarta