Jinin hamada

Desert Blood: The Juárez Murders wani labari ne mai ban mamaki na shekara ta 2005 wanda marubucin Alicia Gaspar de Alba ya yi bisa ga tashin hankali, satar mutane da kisan mata da suka faru a Ciudad Juárez a shekarar 1998.

## Makirci
Ivon Villa, farfesa a matsayin 'yar luwaɗi da ke zaune a Los Angeles, ta koma gida zuwa El Paso don karɓar jariri daga Cecilia, *maquiladora* ta Mexico da ke zaune da ƙetare iyaka a Juárez, tare da halartar taron iyali. Amma ga tsoronta, Cecilia ta mutu a cikin hamada, tare da jaririn da aka zubar da shi, wanda aka azabtar da annobar kisan gillar mata daga kudancin Mexico da ke ƙaura zuwa arewa don aiki mafi kyau. Abubuwa sun zama mafi muni lokacin da aka sace 'yar'uwar Ivon mai shekaru goma sha shida Irene yayin da take halartar baje kolin a Juárez. Binciken 'yar'uwarta ya kai Ivon ga gano wani makirci mai ban tsoro wanda ya *shari'a* kowa daga Border Patrol zuwa masu cin hanci da rashawa a Juárez. 

## Halin da ake kira

* **Ivon Villa**: mai gabatarwa na labarin. Ita farfesa ce a fannin karatun mata na Hispanic wacce ta yanke shawarar zama a El Paso bayan mutuwar Cecilia don bincike kan mummunar mutuwar da ta samu. Tana da tsananin fushi kuma tana da taurin kai, musamman ta hanyar halin mahaifiyarta game da ita.
* **Ximena**: Dan uwan Ivon, ma'aikacin zamantakewa da ke zaune a Juárez, wanda ya shirya ta don saduwa da maquiladoras don tallafi. Tana tare da Ivon a kan neman Irene.
* **Irene Villa**: 'yar'uwar Ivon mai shekaru goma sha shida, an sace ta yayin da take iyo a Rio Grande. Kyaftin din ƙungiyar yin iyo da mai ba da jawabi na aji, an kama ta cikin duniyar lalata ta batsa ta yara.
* **Uba Francis**: firist na Ikilisiyar Our Lady of Guadeloupe, shi ne shugaban Contra el Silencio wani ba da riba da aka shirya don yin magana game da tashin hankali a kan mata, shi ma yana jagorantar rasteros tafiya a kusa da Juárez don neman gawawwakin da suka ɓace.
* **Lydia Villa**: Mahaifiyar Ivon da Irene, mata Katolika ce mai zurfin addini. Ta yi fushi da Ivon saboda kasancewa lesbian, tana zarginsa da mutuwar mijinta daga maye.
* Raquel: tsohuwar masoyin Ivon (kuma na Ximena na yanzu), tana gudanar da makarantar ESL a Juárez. Ya bi Irene a baje kolin amma sai ya rasa ta. Bayan haka, ta taimaka wa Ivon da gano Irene, duk da ƙaunar da take da ita.
* **Rubi Reyna**: mai ba da rahoto na talabijin daga Juárez . Tana shirya wani shirin da ake kira 'Mujeres Sin Fronteras' wani shirin labarai game da kisan kai a Juárez.
* **Pete McCuts**: sabon jami'in bincike tare da Sashen 'yan sanda na El Paso. Ya bincika satar Irene bisa buƙatar mahaifinsa, alƙali mai iko. Daga baya ya ceci Ivon a ƙarshen littafin.
* **Mireya**: wata matashiya mai kula da mashaya a Juárez tana neman rayuwa mafi kyau. Sai kawai ya bayyana a cikin wani babi na POV lokacin da J.W. ya sace ta ba tare da saninsa ba. Daga baya Ivon da sauran suka sami jikinta.
* **J.W.**: a.k.a. Babban Jami'in Tsaro na Tsaro Jeremy Wilcox, wakilin Tsaro na Yankin wanda Ivon ya fara saduwa da shi a cikin jirgin zuwa El Paso a farkon labarin, an bayyana shi a zahiri a matsayin mai gudanarwa na shafin yanar gizo na batsa, wanda ya ƙware a fina-finai na snuff. An kashe shi a ƙarshen littafin.

## Jigogi
Jigogi da yawa a cikin littafin sun haɗa da talauci a Juárez, Kisan mata, kuma musamman cin hanci da rashawa na cibiyoyin gwamnati a bangarorin biyu na iyaka, kamar INS, da kuma shari'a. A cikin rubutunta "Transfrontera Crimes: Representations of the Juárez Femicides in Recent Fictional and Non-Fictional Accounts, "Misali da Portillo, Gaspar de Alba ya kuma nuna cewa hukumomi a bangarorin biyu na iyaka suna da hannu sosai kuma kai tsaye a cikin waɗannan laifuka"  suna kwatanta abubuwan da suka faru a cikin littafin inda 'yan sanda suka ƙone tufafin wanda aka azabtar, kuma suna tattauna rawar da JW ke takawa a cikin zoben batsa. Dukkanin bangarorin biyu suna amfana daga cin zarafin matan Mexico saboda NAFTA: Amurka tana da su suna aiki a masana'antu a matsayin maquiladoras, yayin da bangaren Mexico ke amfani da su don karuwanci.

Dangane da wannan taken, Alba ta kuma taɓa rashin kulawa da shiru na kafofin watsa labarai don bayar da rahoto game da kisan kai, tare da kafofin watsa labarai na Amurka sun kasa nuna cewa wadanda abin ya shafa su ma 'yan mata ne na Mexico-Amurka, suna son masu karatu suyi imani cewa matsala ce kawai ta Mexico.

Wani jigo a cikin littafin shine matsayin jinsi na Mexican mai ra'ayin mazan jiya wanda yake a yanzu a cikin littafin, yayin da hukumomin Mexico ke zargin mata da kasancewa wadanda abin ya shafa, saboda sanya kayan shafawa da kuma kallon lalata. Marubuciya Irene Mata ta lura cewa "Matasa mata da ke aiki ga maquiladoras galibi ana wakilta su a cikin kafofin watsa labarai a matsayin masu lalata, marasa lalata (*Mata marasa kyau*). "  A kallon tsarin ka'idojin kisan mata, Julia Monárrez Fragoso ta nuna cewa abubuwan da suka faru na zamantakewar laifuka a kan mata da 'yan mata suna "haɗe cikin tsarin shugabanci wanda ke haifar, zuwa mafi girma ko ƙarami, cewa a kashe mata. "  Wannan ra'ayin ya kara fadada ga 'yan matan Amurka, tare da hukumomi suna zargin Irene da an sace shi da farko. Alamar da ke maimaitawa a cikin littafin ita ce kalmar "Har yanzu daga Gaskiya, Kusa da Yesu", wanda ke ba da shawarar Mexico a cikin haɗin kai da addini, duk da haka yana da rikici don gano hauka na kisan.

## Karɓar bakuncin da kyaututtuka
Littafin ya lashe lambar yabo ta Lambda Literary Award ta 2005 don "Mafi kyawun Asirin Lesbian" da kuma lambar yabo ta Latino Book ta 2006 don Mafi kyawun Asirin Harshen Ingilishi.

An sake dubawa da yawa. ya kamata a gigice da damuwa, kamar labarin ban tsoro na gaske, idan kawai don nuna maƙarƙashiyar shiru da ke kewaye da lamarin."[1] Hakazalika, Darla Baker ya sha'awar cewa "Duk da yake ba ya bin tsarin binciken gargajiya, tare da ƙudurin ƙarshe na farin ciki da ke haɗa dukkan gaskiyar, Jini na Hamada ya gano ƙungiyoyi masu laifi da yawa kuma yana nuna ikon da ke kusa da su wadanda ke da iko za su iya tserewa da kisan kai, kuma matalauta ba su da wata hanya, amma Gaspar de Alba yana da alhakin duk membobin al'ummar zamani."

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

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