Helenawa na Cappadocia

**Helenawa na Cappadocia** (Girkanci: ; Turkiyya: Kapadokyalı Rumlar),  ko kuma kawai Ca**Kappadocians**'ummar Girka ce 'yan asalin yankin Cappadotia a tsakiyar gabashin AnAnatolia[2] kusan lardunan NeNevşehir KaKayseri kewayenta a Turkiyya ta zamani. Akwai ci gaba da kasancewa na Girkanci a Cappadocia tun zazamanin d ̄ a aƙalla a ƙarni na 5 AD harshen Girkanci ya zama harshen magana na yankin.[4]&nbsp;

A cikin karni na 11 Seljuq Turks da suka zo daga Asiya ta Tsakiya sun ci yankin, sun fara canjin sannu a hankali a cikin harshe da addini. A cikin 1923, biyo bayan Kisan kiyashi na Kiristoci na Ottomans a duk faɗin Anatolia, an tilasta wa al'ummomin Cappadocian da suka tsira su bar ƙasarsu kuma su sake zama a Girka ta hanyar sharuddan musayar yawan jama'ar Girka da Turkiyya. A yau ana iya samun zuriyarsu a duk faɗin Girka da Girka a duk duniya.

## Tarihi

### Gudun hijira na farko
Yankin da aka sani da Cappadocia a yau an san shi ga Tsohon Farisa da *Katpatuka*, sunan da Helenawa suka canza zuwa *Καππαδοκία* (Cappadocia).  Kalmar ta samo asali ne daga asalin da ba a sani ba, amma wasu sun yi jayayya cewa tana nufin "ƙasar kyawawan dawakai".

Kafin Helenawa da al'adun Girka su isa Asia Minor, wani mutanen Indo-Turai, Hittites ne ke sarrafa yankin. Helenawa na Mycenae sun kafa wuraren kasuwanci a gefen yammacin gabar teku a kusa da 1300 BC kuma nan da nan suka fara mulkin mallaka a bakin tekun, yada al'adun Hellenic da harshe. A zamanin Hellenistic, bayan nasarar da Alexander the Great ya yi wa Anatolia, mazauna Girka sun fara isa yankunan tsaunuka na Cappadocia a wannan lokacin. Wannan motsi na yawan mutanen Girka na ƙarni na 3 da 2 BC ya karfafa kasancewar Girka a Cappadocia. A sakamakon haka, Girkanci ya zama harshen magana na 'yan asalin yankin. Zai zama harshen da ake magana da shi kawai na mazaunan yankin a cikin ƙarni uku kuma zai kasance haka har tsawon shekaru dubu masu zuwa.&nbsp;

Bayan mutuwar Alexander the Great, Eumenes na Cardia, ɗaya daga cikin Diadochi na Alexander the Great، an nada shi satrap na Cappadocia, inda ya kafa ƙauyukan Girka kuma ya rarraba birane ga abokansa. Eumenes ya bar masu gudanarwa, alƙalai da zaɓaɓɓun kwamandojin sojoji a Kappadocia. A cikin ƙarni masu zuwa Sarakunan Girka na Seleucid sun kafa ƙauyuka da yawa na Girka a cikin Asiya Ƙananan,  kuma wannan yankin zai zama sananne don ɗaukar sojoji. Ba kamar sauran yankuna na Asiya Ƙananan ba inda Helenawa za su zauna a cikin birane, yawancin ƙauyukan Girka a Cappadocia da sauran yankunan Anatolian na ciki ƙauyuka ne. Sarakunan Hellenistic za su yi sabbin ƙauyuka na Girka a Kappadocia da sauran yankuna da ke kewaye da su don tabbatar da riƙe su a wannan yankin mai rikitarwa;  a ƙarƙashin mulkin su ƙauyuka Girka za su karu a cikin Anatolian. 
 
A cikin ƙarni bayan mutuwar Alexander the Great, Ariarathes, ɗan satrap na Farisa wanda a baya ya mallaki Cappadocia, ya sami iko da Cappadotia kuma ya bar shi ga layin magajinsa, waɗanda galibi suna ɗauke da sunan wanda ya kafa daular. Wadannan sarakuna sun fara yin aure tare da masarautun Helenawa makwabta, kamar Seleucids. A lokacin mulkin su garuruwan Girka sun fara bayyana a yankunan kudancin Cappadocia .  Ariarathes V na Cappadocia wanda ya yi mulki daga 163 zuwa 130 BC an dauke shi mafi girma daga cikin Sarakunan Cappadotia. Ya kasance mafi yawan Girkanci ne ta hanyar zuriya; mahaifinsa Ariarathes IV na Cappadocia ya kasance rabin Girkanci na Makidoniya  da Farisa, kuma mahaifiyarsa Antiochis ce, 'yar Sarkin Girka na Seleucid Antiochus III  na Daular Seleucid. A ƙarni na 1 KZ, yankunan Kappadocia sun lalace ta Sarkin Armenia Tigranes the Great, wanda ya sake mayar da adadi mai yawa na Cilician da Cappadocian Helenawa zuwa Mesopotamiya  (a cikin ƙasa a cikin Iraki na zamani, gabashin Siriya da kudu maso gabashin Turkiyya).

An ware Helenawa na Cappadocian daga sauran duniyar da ke magana da Helenanci na ƙarni da yawa kuma wannan ya sanya al'adu, hanyar rayuwa, da al'adun su da bambanci. Al'adunsu sun sami rinjaye sosai ta hanyar yanayin yankuna daban-daban. A tsakiyar karni na 18, bayan Hatt-i humayun, an motsa jin Girkanci, an kafa ƙarin makarantu a yankin kuma an koyar da Girkanci a sama. A cikin biranen kasuwanci kamar Kayseri da Malakopea ilimi da zane-zane sun bunƙasa a ƙarƙashin kariya na matsakaicin matsakaicin duniya. Tattalin arzikin Kappadocia ya dogara ne akan noma da hakar ma'adinai da kuma yankunan karkara waɗanda ke kan kwari da filayen. Helenawa na Cappadocian suna da waƙoƙin gargajiya da rawa na musamman waɗanda har yanzu ake yin su a Girka.

### Littattafai

#### Farko
Mawallafin Farisa Rumi (1207-1273), wanda sunansa ke nufin "Roman", yana nufin gidansa tsakanin "Roman" masu magana da Girkanci na Cappadocia, ya rubuta wasu waƙoƙi a cikin Girkanci na Capadocian. Wadannan ayoyi suna daya daga cikin shaidar rubuce-rubuce na farko na yaren Cappadocian.

#### Zamani na zamani
Baƙon Girkanci-Amurka na Cappadocian kuma sanannen darektan Hollywood Elia Kazan ya rubuta littafi "Amurka, Amurka" game da kawunsa, wanda ya girma a Cappadocia a cikin yanayin karuwar tsanantawa. Mahaifinsa ya tura shi da ƙafa a matsayin matashi, tare da dukan ajiyar iyali, zuwa Istanbul, ya kamata kawun Elia ya kafa sabuwar rayuwa kuma, a ƙarshe, ya kawo sauran iyalin zuwa birnin. A ƙarshe kawun Elia ya yi tafiya sosai, zuwa Amurka, daga baya ya cika aikinsa na ɗai kuma ya kawo iyalinsa. Kazan ya sanya littafinsa a cikin fim din da ya lashe kyautar Kwalejin Amurka, Amurka a 1963.

### Abincin
Helenawa na Cappadocian sun ci gaba da al'adun abinci na Anatolian da suka wuce tun zamanin Byzantine. Wadannan sun hada da shirya nama mai iska da aka sani da pastirma, [undefined] [undefined] [undefined] wani abincin da ake kira a zamanin Byzantine "paston", [1] tare da amfani da madimak mai kama da spinach na tsakiya na Anatolian don yin jita-jita kamar bambancin spanikopita.[2][3]

## Manazarta