Shinkafa da wake

**Shinkafa da wake**, ko **wake da Shinkafa**, wani nau'in abinci ne daga al'adu da yawa a faɗin duniya, sannan abinci ne a arewacin kasar najeriya inda ake haɗa abinci mai mahimmanci na shinkafa da wake ta wata hanya. Haɗin hatsi da kuma legumes suna bada abinci mai mahimmanci da yawa da   kuzari, kuma duka abincin sun wadata ko'ina. Ana kuma iya cakuɗa su tare, ko a dafa daban-daban, haka ma lokacin da za'a ci.

## Bayani

Abincin ya ƙunshi farar shinkafa ko wani launin tare da dafaffen launin ruwan kasa, ja ko busassun wake (yawanci *Phaseolus vulgaris* ko *Vigna unguiculata* ) kuma an dafa shi ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Hakanan wurin dahuwar akan yi amfani da wannan abinci tare da ɓangarorin kajin da aka daka, naman alade, naman sa, salatin dankalin turawa, dafaffen dankali, da sauran ɓangarori da yawa daga al'adu daban-daban (**nama ko wani nau'i abinda aka aka haɗa wurin dahuwar shinkafar yana iya zama kowane kalar nama, amman daidai da yadda al'ada ko addini ya tsara akan kowanne kaɓilu**). A wurare da yawa, wake da shinkafa ana cakuɗasu tare wurin dahuwar maimakon a haɗa su . Ana sanya nama ko wasu kayan abinci a wasu lokuta a saman wake da shinkafar ko, idan an cakuɗasu wato dafa duka.

Yankuna daban-daban suna da fifiko daban-daban. A kasar Brazil, alal misali, baƙar fata sun fi shahara a Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul da Santa Catarina, yayin da a yawancin sauran sassan ƙasar ana amfani da su ne kawai a cikin feijoadas . Kwarewar New Orleans da aka fi sani da " jajayen wake da shinkafa " galibi ana ci da tsiran naman alade mai kyafaffen ko soyayyen naman alade .

## Tarihi

### Amurka
Binciken kwayoyin halitta na wake na  *Phaseolus* ya nuna cewa ya samo asali ne a Mesoamerica, kuma daga baya ya yaɗu zuwa kudu, tare da masara da kabewa, amfanin gona na gargajiya. An gabatar da shinkafar Asiya ga kasar Mexico da Brazil a lokacin mulkin mallaka da Mutanen Espanya da Fotigal suka yi. Duk da haka, an gano kwanan nan cewa ’yan asalin yankin Amazon, sun riga sun noma dangin shinkafa na Asiya mai suna Oryza kimanin shekaru 4,000 da suka wuce, kuma suna noman ta tare da masara da kabewa, amfanin gona na gargajiya na wake., waɗanda kuma a wancan lokacin suke a Kudancin kasar Amurka. Wasu guraben karatu na baya-bayan nan sun nuna cewa ’yan Afirka da aka bautar su ma sun taka rawar gani wajen kafa shinkafa a Sabuwar Duniya. Hakanan tana ɗaya daga cikin abinci na yau da kullun a wasu ƙasashe masu magana da harshen Espanya.

## Muhimmancin abinci mai gina jiki
Wake da shinkafa suna gina jiki sosai. Shinkafa tana da wadatar (albarkatun) starch, akwai kabohsaidirat, tushen kuzari mafi inganci. Shinkafa kuma tana da sinadarai, iron da furotin. Wake kuma ya ƙunshi wasu adadi mai kyau na iron da adadin furotin fiye da na shinkafa. Tare suna bada cikakken furotin, wanda ke fitar da dukkan amino acid, Wanda jiki ba zai iya fitarwa da wannan sinadarin da kansa ba.

## Al'adu
A wasu jahohi da ƙasashen Latin Amurka, ana yawan cin wake da shinkafa a matsayin abincin rana, tare da nama da kayan lambu iri-iri dama arewacim najeriya, Har ila yau, ya kuma zama ruwan dare don shirya abincin dare ta amfani da ragowar abincin rana. Wake da shinkafa sun shahara musamman a Brazil, wacce ita ce ƙasa ta uku a duniya wajen noman busasshen wake kuma mafi yawan masu amfani da shinkafa a Amurka.

## Rabe-raben Abincin a duniya

A duk duniya, akwai jita-jita da yawa game da tushen wake da shinkafa, waɗanda suka bambanta a dafa abinci da ƙarin kayan abinci. Bambance-bambancen suna wanzu a yanki, yayin da al'adu suka tsara zuwa abubuwan da suke so. A cikin ƙasashe masu maƙoftaka ko a Caribbean, waɗannan abinci ana kiran su kawai *shinkafa da wake*, wanda aka dafa. bambancin abincin:

* Brazil : *feijoada*
* Chile : *arroz con porotos.*
* Caribbean : shinkafa da wake
* Colombia : *calento*
** Archipelago na San Andrés, Providencia da Santa Catalina : shinkafa da wake
** Bandeja paisa, abincin gargajiya da ake yi da wake kodin da shinkafa
* Costa Rica : *gallo pinto* kuma a cikin Caribbean ( Puerto Limón da Puerto Viejo ) akwai *shinkafa da wake* wanda ake dafa shinkafa da wake tare da madarar kwakwa da habanero chili (wanda aka sani da Panamanian chile).
* Cuba : Akwai manyan bambance-bambancen guda biyu:
** Moros y cristianos : kuma aka sani da kawai *moros*, an yi shi da baki wake. Idan an yi shi da jan wake, za a yi la'akari da *congris* .
** Congris: an yi shi da jan wake, ana fara dafa waken da albasa, kore chili, tafarnuwa, tumatir, leaf bay, taɓa cumin da oregano, gishiri, da busassun giya; kafin su yi laushi gaba daya, sai a zuba danyar shinkafar, a bar su su dahu tare, har sai sun sha romon, shinkafar ta bushe ta yi laushi. Ana kuma shirya wake a cikin broth ɗinsu tare da shinkafa daban.
* Jamhuriyar Dominican : *Moro de guandules*, shinkafa da pigeon Peas, kama da Panama da Puerto Rico.
* El Salvador : *[[Casamiento]]* ; duk da cewa ba shi da bakin tekun Caribbean, wannan tasa tana da kyau sosai a El Salvador
* Ghana : Waakye, waken Ghana da tasa shinkafa
* Guatemala : *casado* ; wanda ake kira *gallo pinto* da shinkafa da wake
** A gabar tekun Caribbean da sassan gabas ko gabashin Guatemala ( Izabal ): ana kiranta shinkafa da wake kuma ta hada da madarar kwakwa.
* Honduras : *[[Casamiento]]* ; a gabar tekun Caribbean an san shi da shinkafa da wake kuma ya hada da madarar kwakwa da flakes na chilli
* Indiya : Rajma, Abincin wake na Indiya da aka saba yi da shinkafa
* Isra'ila : Orez shu'it, wake na gargajiya na Isra'ila da tasa shinkafa
** Caribbean Coast: shinkafa da wake
* Japan: Okowa, musamman sekihan, azuki wake da kuma glutinous shinkafa. A cikin jan wake mochi, ana sarrafa shinkafar a cikin nau'in bunƙasa.
* Jamaica : shinkafa da wake
* Koriya, *Kongbap* (shinkafar wake), *patbap* (shinkafar jan wake)
* Mexico : *pispiote*, shinkafa da wake
* Nicaragua : *gallo pinto*, kuma a cikin Nicaraguan Caribbean Coast, kamar yadda a wasu ƙasashe, ana kiranta "shinkafa da wake" kuma an yi shi da madarar kwakwa.
* Panama : *gallopinto*
** Caribbean Coast ( Colón, Bocas del Toro ): da aka sani da shinkafa da wake, kuma an shirya shi da madarar kwakwa, kamar a Jamhuriyar Dominican.
* Peru : Akwai manyan bambance-bambancen guda biyu:
** *calentado*
** *[[:es:Tacu-tacu|taku-tacu]]*
* Puerto Rico :
** *arroz junto* ; a yi shi da jajayen wake ko wake na tattabara, sannan a yi shi da nama duk a tukunya daya.
** *arroz con gandules* wani ɓangare na abinci na ƙasar Puerto Rico wanda shine shinkafa tare da peas pigeon.
* Spain : Paella
* Suriname : *[[bruine bonen met rijst]]*, tukunyar tukunya daya tare da gaurayawar nama da wake na koda, tare da shinkafa.
* Trinidad da Tobago : shinkafa da wake
* Amurka :
** Hoppin 'John, wani baƙar fata mai ido daga kudancin Amurka
** Jan wake da shinkafa, waken da aka fi sani da shinkafa a cikin abincin Louisiana Creole
* Venezuela : Waɗannan jita-jita na iya haɗawa da soyayyen plantain da ake kira "tajadas" kamar yadda aka saba samu a yawancin jita-jita na Venezuelan:
** *Pabellón criollo* : An yi shi da shinkafa, wake ko soyayyen wake da naman sa da aka yanka sosai. Sai a zagaye shi da yankan soyayyen plantain. Plantain ya ba da sunan "Pabellon con barandas".
** *[[Arroz con caraotas]]* : Lokacin da Pabellón Criollo ya bar soyayyen ciyayi, yana da suna daban. An san shi da sunan “abincin abincin matalauci” ,tunda ya fi zama ruwan dare a iyalai masu karamin karfi. Duk da haka, ana iya yin shi da jin dadin kowa. Soyayyen qwai kuma za a iya haɗa su.
** *[[Palo A pique llanero]]* : Anyi shi da shinkafa, wake mai launin ruwan kasa da shredded naman sa mai kyau, kaza da naman alade. An kewaye ta da yankan faffadan plantain da guntun dankali. Wasu wurare kamar Barinas, Apure ko Bolivar suna ƙara koren plantains.
* Laberiya : A galibin yankunan yammacin Afirka, ana dafa wake dabam da shinkafa. Za a iya cin waken koda mai ɗanɗano a matsayin miya a saman shinkafa a lokuta na musamman.

## Ire-iren sunan Abincin
Ire-iren sunayen abincin a mabanbantan yarurruka sun haɗa da;

Ana kiran shinkafa da wake *arroz y habas*, *arroz con habichuelas*, *arroz con frijoles*, *gallo pinto*, *recalentao* ko makamancin haka a cikin Mutanen Dake yin yaren Espanya, *arroz e feijão*, *arroz com feijão* ko *feijão com arroz* a cikin Portuguese, *risi e bisi* *a* cikin harshen Venetian *ak pwa* in Haitian Creole, *avas kon arroz* ko *avikas kon arroz* ,a cikin Yahudanci-Spanish .

## Duba kuma
* Haitian cuisine – Culinary traditions of Haiti
* List of legume dishes
* List of rice dishes

## Manazarta

## Bibliography

* Embrapa, *[https://web.archive.org/web/20050208225402/http://www.cnpaf.embrapa.br/arroz/historia.htm Origem da História do Arroz]* da *[https://web.archive.org/web/20050209223252/http://www.cnpaf.embrapa.br/feijao/historia.htm Origem e História do Feijão]* 
* *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070219030120/http://www.camaquaalimentos.com.br/arroz_feijao.html Arroz e Feijão: Uma dupla infalível]*, Camaquã Alimentos 

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Embrapa - Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária