Omdurman

**Omdurmán** (   ) babban birni ne a ƙasar Sudan. Shi ne birni na biyu mafi yawan jama'a a cikin ƙasar, birnin yana a Jihar Khartoum. Omdurman yana gefen yammacin kogin Nilu, kishiya da arewa maso yammacin babban birnin ƙasar Khartoum. Yana kan kogin Nilu kuma yana aiki a matsayin muhimmiyar cibiyar hanya, tare da kogin Nilu yana habɓaka sufuri har ma da ƙari.

## Asalin suna
Sunan Omdurman (*Umm Durman*) a zahiri yana fassara da "Mahaifiyar Durman", amma ba a san ko wacece ita ba.

## Tarihi

Bayan da aka kewaye birnin Khartoum, sai kuma ginin kabarin Mahadi bayan mutuwarsa daga cutar typhus, birnin ya girma cikin sauri. Duk da haka, a yakin Omdurman a shekarar 1898 (wanda a zahiri ya faru a ƙauyen Kerreri na kusa), Lord Kitchener ya ci nasara a kan sojojin Mahdist . A shekara mai zuwa ne sojojin Birtaniya suka fatattaki Abdallahi ibn Muhammad, Khalifa a matsayin yakin Ummu Diwaykarat ; tabbatar da ikon Birtaniya a kan Sudan.

A cikin watan Satumba na shekarar 1898, sojojin Birtaniya na mutane dubu ashirin da suka hako rijiyoyi sanye da sabbin makamai, bindigogi Maxim da bindigogi na Martini-Henry karkashin jagorancin Janar Horatio Herbert Kitchener suka mamaye Sudan . A yakin Omdurman, Sojojin Birtaniyya sun fuskanci 'yan kare Sudan da suka kunshi 'yan kabilar sahara sama da 52,000 wadanda ba su da makami; cikin sa'o'i biyar aka kawo karshen yakin. Masu tsaron Sudan sun samu raunuka da dama, inda aka kashe akalla 10,000. Akasin haka, an sami asarar rayuka fiye da ɗari huɗu a ɓangaren Biritaniya inda sojojin Birtaniyya arba'in da takwas suka rasa rayukansu. Daga nan sai Janar Kitchener ya ci gaba da ba da umarnin a tozarta kabarin Mahdi kuma a cikin kalaman Winston Churchill, "an dauke kan Mahdi a cikin gwangwanin kananzir a matsayin ganima". 

Kitchener ya mayar da Khartoum a matsayin babban birnin ƙasar, kuma daga shekarar 1899 zuwa 1956 Sudan ta kasance karkashin mulkin Birtaniya da Masar tare. Ko da yake akasarin garin ya ruguje a yakin, an gyara kabarin Mahdi tare da gyarawa.

A ranar 10 ga watan Mayun shekara ta 2008, kungiyar 'yan tawayen Darfur ta Justice and Equality Movement ta shiga cikin birnin inda suka yi kazamin fada da sojojin gwamnatin Sudan. Manufarsu ita ce hambarar da gwamnatin Omar Hassan al-Bashir.

A lokacin rikicin Sudan na 2023 yakin Omdurman ya barke.

## Taswira

### Unguwannin

* Ombada

## Yanayi
Omdurman yana da yanayi mai zafi mai zafi, tare da watannin bazara kawai ana ganin hazo. Matsakaicin birnin yana da ɗan sama da 155 millimetres (6.1 in) na hazo a kowace shekara. Dangane da yanayin zafi na shekara-shekara, birnin yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan biranen duniya mafi zafi. Yanayin zafi akai-akai ya wuce 40 °C (104 °F) a tsakiyar lokacin rani.

Matsakaicin zafinsa na shekara-shekara shine , tare da watanni shida na shekara ana ganin matsakaicin  yanayin zafi na kowane wata na akalla  . Bugu da ƙari, a duk tsawon shekara, babu wani matsakaicin  yanayin zafi da ya faɗi ƙasa  . A cikin watannin Janairu da Fabrairu, yayin da yanayin zafin rana gaba ɗaya yana da zafi sosai, dare yana da ɗan sanyi sosai, tare da matsakaicin ƙarancin zafi sama da  .

## Alkaluma

## Ilimi
Jami'o'in jama'a sune: a 

* Jami'ar Karari
* Omdurman Islamic University
* Jami'ar Al-Qur'ani Mai Girma da Kimiyyar Musulunci

Jami'o'i masu zaman kansu sune:

* Ahfad University for Women
* Omdurman Ahlia University
* Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha - Omdurman

## Filin jirgin sama

Filin jirgin saman Khartoum yana hidimar Omdurman.

### Sabon Filin Jirgin Sama na Khartoum
A cewar jami'an Sudan, a shekara ta 2005 an samar da wani sabon filin jirgin sama mai nisan 30 miles (50 km) kudu da Omdurman. Ana iya cewa yana cikin iyakokin Omdurman da ba a bayyana ba, an kiyasta cewa za a kammala aikin nan da shekara ta 2012 tare da kiyasin kasafin dala miliyan 530. An fara ginin a cikin shekarar 2019 amma har zuwa shekarar 2021 an dakatar da shi.

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

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