Shekaru na 2000 na fari a Australia

Rashin fari na 2000s a Ostiraliya, wanda aka fi sani da fari na dubban shekaru,  wasu sun ce shi ne mafi munin fari da aka rubuta tun lokacin da Turai ta zauna. 

Rashin ruwa ya shafi mafi yawan kudancin Australia, gami da manyan biranen da kuma yankin noma mafi girma (kwari na Murray-Darling). Ya fara ne da yanayin ruwan sama mai yawa a ƙarshen 1996 da 1997, kuma ya kara muni ta hanyar shekarun fari musamman a cikin 2001 da 2002. A shekara ta 2003 an gane shi a matsayin mafi munin fari a rubuce.

Shekarar 2006 ita ce mafi bushewa a rubuce-rubuce ga sassa da yawa na ƙasar kuma yanayin ya kasance mai zafi da bushe har zuwa farkon 2010. Fitowar yanayin yanayi na La Niña a cikin 2010 da sauri ya kawo karshen fari, kuma ya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa a wasu wurare, musamman a tsakiya da kudancin Queensland.

Rashin ruwa ya sanya matsanancin matsin lamba a kan samar da aikin gona da samar da ruwa a birane a yawancin kudancin Australia. Ya haifar da gina manyan tsire-tsire guda shida na ruwan teku don samar da ruwa ga manyan biranen Ostiraliya, da kuma canje-canje a cikin gudanar da ruwa a cikin kwandon Murray-Darling, musamman kafa Hukumar Murray-Darlings.

## Gabatarwa ga fari
Da farko a rabi na biyu na shekara ta 1991, wani fari mai tsanani ya faru a duk faɗin Queensland wanda ya kara tsanantawa a 1994 da 1995 don zama mafi muni a rikodin.

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1994, wani bangare na tsarin Darling River ya rushe kuma Kogin Condamine ya koma cikin jerin tafkuna. A duk fadin jihar an bayyana kashi 40% na fari. Daga Yuli zuwa Agusta 1995 fari ya kara rinjayar ta hanyar yanayin yanayi mai karfi na El Niño wanda ke da alaƙa da yanayin zafi. A cewar Ministan Masana'antu na Firamare, Ed Casey, "yankin da ya shafi fari ya shimfiɗa a cikin kilomita 200 zuwa kilomita 300 daga Stanthorpe zuwa Charters Towers". Don haka 'yan alkama da sha'ir sun tsira, kusan rabin yadda aka saba a wannan shekarar, dole ne a shigo da hatsi daga wasu jihohi.&nbsp;&nbsp;

## Yanayin ƙasa da halaye na yanayi, da abubuwan da suka shafi
Ofishin Meteorology ya bayyana Millennium Destruction a matsayin da farko yana shafar: 

* Kudancin Australia (ruwan sama a arewacin Australia ya kasance sama da matsakaici a wannan lokacin).
* Lokacin sanyi (Afrilu zuwa Oktoba) ruwan sama, ban da Tasmania inda ruwan sama ya kasance ƙasa da matsakaicin tarihi a cikin lokutan zafi da sanyi.

Kodayake lokacin Millennium Arish ya kasance yana da alamun yanayi na El Niño da yawa, wanda ke shafar duk yankin kudancin Pacific kuma yawanci yana kawo yanayin zafi da bushewa zuwa gabashin Australia, ba za a iya bayyana shi kawai ta hanyar bambancin yanayi ba. Ofishin Meteorology ya kammala cewa Canjin yanayi ya kara girman da tsananin fari.

Sakamakon fari a kan wadatar ruwa ya kara da yanayin zafi na tarihi a wannan lokacin. Shugaban binciken yanayi na Ofishin Meteorology, David Jones, ya fitar da kididdigar da ke nuna cewa a cikin 2007 Kudancin Australia, NSW, Victoria, ACT da kwandon Murray-Darling duk sun kafa rikodin zafin jiki da babban gefe. 2007 ita ce shekara ta goma sha ɗaya a jere da kwandon Murray-Darling ya fuskanci yanayin zafi sama da matsakaicin kuma ya kasance (a wannan lokacin) shekara ta shida mafi zafi a Australia a rikodin. Jones ya yi gargadin cewa "Babu wata muhawara cewa Ostiraliya tana dumama... yana iya zama lokaci don dakatar da bayyana kudu maso gabashin Ostiraliya kamar yadda fari ya kama kuma a maimakon haka ya yarda da matsanancin bushewa a matsayin na dindindin".

## Jerin lokaci

### 1996 zuwa 2000: ruwan sama mai yawa a kudu maso gabas
Yanayi mai bushewa ya fara fitowa a kudu maso gabashin Ostiraliya a ƙarshen 1996 kuma ya kara tsanantawa a lokacin babban taron El Niño na 1997.  Ruwan sama a cikin 1998, 1999 da 2000 ya kasance kusa da matsakaici, tare da yankunan da aka ware da ruwan sama ya shafa ƙasa da matsakaiciya.

### 2001 zuwa 2005: El Niño ya kawo yanayin fari mai tsanani

A cewar Ofishin Meteorology, yawancin gabashin Ostiraliya sun sami busassun shekara ta 2001. 2002 na ɗaya daga cikin shekarun da suka fi bushewa da zafi a Ostiraliya a rubuce, tare da yanayin bushewa 'mai yawa', musamman a gabashin rabin ƙasar wanda yanayin El Niño ya sake shafar. Ya kasance, a lokacin, shekara ta huɗu mafi girma a Ostiraliya tun daga 1900.

Tsarin yanayi na El Niño ya rushe a lokacin 2003 amma ruwan sama mai ƙarfi a lokaci-lokaci a cikin 2003 da 2004 ya kasa rage tasirin ruwan sama mai yawa a kudu maso gabashin Australia, tare da wasu tashoshin ma'auni da suka rubuta ƙasa da matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekaru takwas a jere. Ruwan sama a farkon shekara ta 2005 ya kasance ƙasa da matsakaici, kuma ruwan sama mafi kyau a rabi na biyu na shekara ya sake kasa karya yanayin fari a kudu maso gabas.

### 2006 da 2007: matsanancin bushewa da zafi a cikin kwandon Murray-Darling

Kudancin gabashin Ostiraliya ya sami shekara ta biyu mafi bushewa a rubuce a shekara ta 2006, musamman ta shafi babban yankin noma na tafkin Murray-Darling. Duk da dan kadan sama da ruwan sama na yau da kullun na lokacin rani / kaka, ruwan sama na ƙarshen hunturu zuwa tsakiyar bazara ya gaza, wanda ya haifar da ruwan sama mai shekara-shekara na 2006 ya kasance 40 zuwa 60% ƙasa da na yau da kullum a kan mafi yawan Kudancin Australia. Matsakaicin ruwan sama a jihar Kudancin Ostiraliya shine mafi ƙasƙanci tun daga 1900 tare da kawai 108.8 millimeters (4.28 in) na ruwan sama da aka rubuta idan aka kwatanta da matsakaicin hunturu / bazara na 376.6 millimeters (14.83 in). A duk faɗin Victoria da Murray-Darling Basin kakar ta kasance ta biyu mafi bushe tun daga 1900. Duk da yake ruwan sama na New South Wales ya karu da sama da yadda aka saba da shi a arewacin gabar jihar, matsakaicin ruwan sama na jihar na kakar shine na uku mafi ƙasƙanci tun daga 1900. Yanayin ya kara tsanantawa ta hanyar yanayin zafi wanda shine mafi girma a rikodin tun daga shekarun 1950.

A farkon shekara ta 2007, manyan masu hasashen yanayi sun yi hasashen cewa fari zai sauƙaƙe a gabar gabas tare da dawowa ga matsakaicin ruwan sama daga ƙarshen Fabrairu 2007. Masu hasashen sun yi imanin cewa tasirin El Niño wanda ke haifar da fari tun 2006 ya ƙare.

Koyaya, wannan bai zama daidai ba kamar yadda 2007 ya ga yanayin zafi a kudancin Ostiraliya, kuma ruwan sama ne kawai. Ruwan sama na farko na shekara ya canza zuwa lokacin bushewa sosai Yuli-Oktoba. Ruwan sama mai yawa a watan Yuni da Yuli, musamman a yankunan bakin teku na New South Wales da yankin Gippsland na Victoria, tare da tsinkaye na gwaji na taron La Niña, ya kawo bege cewa fari na iya ƙare. A watan Agustan 2007, Kogin Darling ya sake gudana bayan kusan shekara guda ba tare da gudana ba;  duk da haka, Murray-Darling Basin ya sami shekara ta bakwai a jere na ruwan sama na ƙasa da matsakaicin ruwan sama da kuma shigowa cikin Basin a lokacin hunturu na 2007 har yanzu suna cikin mafi ƙasƙanci a rikodin, kodayake sun fi kyau fiye da waɗanda ke cikin hunturu na 2006 wanda ya kasance mafi bushe a rikodin.

A ƙarshen shekara ta 2007 Ofishin Meteorology ya kiyasta cewa kudu maso gabashin Ostiraliya ya rasa daidai da ruwan sama na shekara guda a cikin shekaru 11 da suka gabata.

### 2008 da 2009: ci gaba da yanayin zafi da bushewa
2008 da 2009 sun ga ci gaba da yanayin zafi da bushewa a kudu maso gabashin Australia, tare da ruwan sama mai yawa na lokaci-lokaci wanda ya kasa karya ci gaba da fari. Sakamakon fari ya kara tsanantawa ta shekarar Australia (sa'an nan) ta biyu mafi zafi a rikodin a shekara ta 2009, tare da rikodin zafi a watan Janairu, Fabrairu da rabi na biyu na shekara.

Rashin ruwa a Sydney ya ragu a kusa da Afrilu 2008 kuma manyan wuraren ruwa na Sydney sun kai kashi 65 cikin dari, kashi 25 cikin dari sun cika fiye da yadda suke a lokaci guda a shekarar da ta gabata. Koyaya, Victoria ta ci gaba da fama da fari, tare da samar da ruwa na Melbourne ya ragu zuwa kusan 30% a watan Yulin 2008.  A Tasmania yanayin fari ya kara muni a cikin 2008, tare da yankuna da yawa da ba su bayar da rahoton ruwan sama mai yawa na tsawon shekaru uku ba.

### 2010 da 2011: La Niña a ƙarshe ta karya fari
Yanayin yanayi na Ostiraliya ya sauya cikin sauri zuwa tsarin La Niña mai laushi a lokacin kaka na shekara ta 2010, wanda ya haifar da ruwan sama mai rikodin rikodin a cikin kwandon Murray-Darling kuma sama da matsakaicin ruwan sama a fadin kudu maso gabas. Ga wurare da yawa wannan shine shekara ta farko ta ruwan sama sama sama da matsakaici tun 1996. Ruwan sama ya kara yawan ajiyar ruwa da danshi na ƙasa, yadda ya kamata ya kawo karshen fari a kudu maso gabas.

Duk da yake kashi 70% na New South Wales suna cikin fari a farkon shekara ta 2010, duk jihar ta fito ne daga fari a watan Disamba. Dukan jihar sun sami ruwan sama mafi yawa a rubuce. Koguna da yawa, gami da koguna a cikin ƙauyuka sun ambaliya sau da yawa, kuma madatsun ruwa da yawa sun cika, gami na Burrendong, Burrinjuck da Pindari Dams. Dam din Canberra ya kasance sama da kashi 90% na iyawa.

## Sakamakon fari

### Aikin noma

An yi mummunar tasiri ga samar da aikin gona. Aikin auduga na Ostiraliya ya ragu, tare da mafi ƙanƙanta yankin da aka dasa a cikin shekaru 20, raguwar kashi 66% idan aka kwatanta da shekaru biyar da suka gabata wanda aka ɗauka shekara "ta al'ada". Amfanin gona ya kasance rabin girman da ya saba na uku daga cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata. Amfani da ruwa ta masana'antar ta fadi da kashi 37% tsakanin 2000/01 da 2004/05, saboda yafi yawan fari. A kan umarnin al'ummomin auduga 20 da mutane 10,000 da masana'antar auduga ke aiki kai tsaye sun shafi fari. Manyan yankunan da abin ya shafa sun kasance a New South Wales: Menindee inda aka rage yankin da ke karkashin samarwa da kashi 100%, Bourke ya rage yankin da ake karkashin samarwa ta hanyar 99%, Walgett ya rage yankin a karkashin samarwa Da kashi 95%, Kogin Macquarie ya rage yankin karkashin samarwa na kashi 74% kuma Kogin Gwydir ya rage yankin wanda ke karkashin samar da kashi 60%. &nbsp;

#### Brisbane

Matsayin ruwa na Brisbane ya ragu zuwa ƙasa da 20% na iyawa, ba tare da isar da ruwa mai yawa ba har tsawon shekaru biyar.

Brisbane ta shirya don a samar da ita ta hanyar manyan madatsun ruwa, bututun mai kuma mai yiwuwa ma sake amfani. An gina Gold Coast Desalination Plant a Bilinga, yana isar da ruwa daga shekara ta 2009.

## Manazarta