Al'adun motsa jiki na mata na ƙarni na 20

Karni na 20 ya ga abubuwa da yawa da canje-canje a cikin Al'adun motsa jiki na mata.

A cikin karni na 19 mata sun shiga cikin nau'o'i da yawa na motsa jiki. Takamaiman ayyukan sun dogara da al'adu da zamantakewar jama'a, amma wasu ayyukan sun haɗa da hawa doki, rawa, wasan Tennis, da farkon nau'ikan badminton.

Ci gaban zamantakewa, kasuwanci da kimiyya tsakanin 1900 da 1920 ya haifar da karuwar ayyukan jiki ga matan Amurka. Hanyoyi ga mata sun bunƙasa yayin da wasanni da aka shirya suka fara girma a cikin shahara kuma an gabatar da shirye-shiryen ilimin jiki ga 'yan mata a makarantu. Ɗaya daga cikin wasanni da aka gabatar a Amurka a farkon karni shine Kwando wanda da sauri ya mamaye makarantu da wuraren wasa a duk faɗin ƙasar. Duk da yake da farko maza sun buga wasan, ba da daɗewa ba kafin a sami mata ma suna wasa kwando a wuraren shakatawa, YWCA, wuraren wasa, da kuma a makarantu daga makarantar sakandare zuwa jami'o'i. Koyaya, dokokin kwando na mata sun bambanta da na maza saboda tsoron cewa mata na iya yin amfani da kansu, ko cire mahaifarsu, idan wasa ya zama mai tsanani.

Wani babban nasarori a cikin motsi na motsa jiki na mata, shine lokacin da mata suka fara fafatawa a gasar Olympics. Malaman jiki na Amurka, waɗanda aka kalli su a matsayin masana kan batun a lokacin, sun ki amincewa da mata da ke shiga gasar Olympics. Sun yi iƙirarin cewa ya haifar da damuwa ta jiki ba dole ba kuma yana iya haifar da rarrabuwa tsakanin mata. Duk da wannan, bayan ganin abin da sauran 'yan wasan mata suka iya yi, mata da yawa sun fara sake tunani game da iyakokinsu na wasanni da iyawarsu.

Ɗaya daga cikin ci gaban zamantakewa da kasuwanci a farkon karni na 20 shine fitowar ƙungiyar mata masu zane-zane da aka sani da "mata masu ƙarfi". Da farko an soki su saboda adawa da ka'idojin jinsi na al'umma, amma tare da fitowar sinima nan da nan sun zama sanannun gumaka ga lafiyar mata. Wani sanannen mai zane-zane na wannan lokacin shine Laverie Vallée, wanda aka fi sani da Charmion . Thomas Edison ne ya yi fim kuma ya samar da aikin trapeze a cikin 1901 kuma an san shi da Dokar Disrobing Trapeze . Shahararren bidiyon minti 3 ya nuna Vallée tana motsawa ta cikin iska, tana cire kanta yayin da take nuna jikinta mai tsayi sosai. Yayinda mata masu karfi kamar Vallée suka yi, an yada hotunan su ta hanyar posters da postcards a duk faɗin Amurka. Wadannan hotuna sun kalubalanci kyawawan dabi'un jikin mace.

### Dudley Allen Sargent

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan malamai na jiki a lokacin shine Dudley Allen Sargent, bincikensa tare da wasu da yawa sun kammala cewa jiki mai kyau yana da ƙanƙanta. Duk wani kitse da ba dole ba ne ya yi tasiri. Wannan ra'ayin ya bazu da sauri, kuma a farkon karni na 20 adadi na mace mai kyau ya kasance tsakanin 5'3" da 5'7", kuma yana da nauyi tsakanin 125 da 140 lbs. Sargent ya ba da shawarar cewa mace mai kyau ga matasa da 'yan mata masu tasowa shine namiji. Irin wannan adadi ya ba 'yan mata damar shiga cikin ayyukan jiki cikin sauƙi. Masu sukar sa galibi suna damuwa cewa sabon mace yana zama namiji sosai. Sargent ya yi imanin cewa ƙarin motsa jiki zai haifar da mace mai kyau. Ya kuma yi imanin cewa corset ya wuce gona da iri na mata kuma ya cire daga "mace ta gaskiya". Sargent ya ji cewa kyakkyawa ta gaskiya ta kasance a cikin daidaituwa da kuma "ci gaban halitta" na mace.

Babban sha'awar sanin nauyin mutum da kuma inda mutum ya kasance bisa ga ka'idar da malamai na jiki na lokacin suka kafa ya fito ne a sakamakon haka. Damuwa game da kitse ya haifar da canjin al'adu don sarrafa nauyin mutum don ya dace da al'ada.

## Manazarta