Susanna Paine

**[[Susanna Paine]]** Wanda yafi shahara dashi shineaka  **Susannah** da **Susan** (Yuni 9, 1792 -Nuwamba 10,1862), 'yar wasan hoton Amurka ne a New England a ƙarni na 19. Ta buga waƙe, waƙen Kirsimeti, da tarihin rayuwa mai suna *Roses and Thorns,ko Tunatarwa na Artist.*

A matsayinta na yarinya,ta kasance ƙwararriyar ɗalibace, amma tana buƙatar barin makaranta tun tana shekara 11 don kula da kakarta mara lafiya. A 15,ta koyar da makaranta kuma bayan shekara guda ta shiga makarantar kimiyya a Providence, Rhode Island, inda ta sami hanyar zuwa makaranta ta hanyar yin da sayar da allura. Ta kammala karatun digiri mai girma kuma ta kafa makarantar da ta yi aiki tsawon shekaru.Paine ta ba danginta ribar,kuma ta taimaka musu a duk tsawon rayuwarta.

Tayi d'an gajeriyar aure mai d'auke da zagi da kamewa. An haifi yaro ga ma'auratan,amma ya mutu bayan watanni 11. Kafin haihuwar yaron,Paine ta rabu da mijinta kuma ta sami saki. Don ta ciyar da kanta, ta koyar da makaranta na ɗan lokaci sannan ta fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto.Ta yi tafiya a ko'ina cikin tsibirin Rhode, Massachusetts,da Maine suna karɓar kwamitocin don hotunan mutane ko iyalai daga 1826 zuwa 1862. Domin ta yi rayuwar tafi-da-gidanka, tana da ƴan dangantaka mai dorewa.Dangantaka mafi kusa da rayuwarta shine tare da mahaifiyarta.Ta yi renon yarinya har tsawon shekara uku kuma ta koya mata fenti.Da zarar ta zama ƙwararriyar hoto tana da lokacin tsaro na kuɗi, amma wannan da lafiyar jikinta ya ɓace a tsawon lokacin aikinta.

## Rayuwan farko
Susanna Paine,an haife ta a Rehoboth, Massachusetts, a ranar 9 ga watan Yuni,1792, ita ce 'yar na biyu na James Paine (b.1764-65) da Mary Chaffee Paine (1767-1849). Mahaifinta ma'aikacin ruwa ne. Lokacin tana yarinya, ya ɓace a cikin teku.Sannan ta zauna tare da kakaninta na uwa, Reverend Jonathan Chaffee da Mary Chaffee. Paine,ƙwararri ɗalibace,ta halarci makaranta har sai da ta kai shekara 11,lokacin da ake bukatar ta don ta kula da kakarta marar lafiya. A shekarar da ta biyo ta kusan mutuwa sakamakon tsawa da ta kashe wanda ke tsaye kusa da ita. An yi imanin cewa ta mutu,ta dawo hayyacinta bayan sa'a daya,amma ta sha fama da kamun kai tsawon shekaru da yawa bayan faruwar lamarin. Mahaifiyarta ta auri gwauruwa Nathaniel Thurber a ranar9 ga watan Afrilu, 1808, kuma gidan da aka haɗa, ciki har da 'ya'yansa hudu, sun koma Foster, Rhode Island, gonaki.

A cikin shekaru 15, Paine ta koyar da makaranta sannan ta halarci "mafi kyawun Kwalejin a Rhode Island", wanda ta ba da kuɗi ta hanyar sayar da allurar ta. [nb 1] Paine ta koyi yadda ake fenti da launin ruwa a makarantar kimiyya kuma ta kammala karatun digiri tare da mafi girma; ta sami horo sosai "don koyar da kowane bangare na ilimi." Bayan kammala karatun Paine ta kafa makaranta kusa da gidan mahaifiyarta da mahaifinta. Ribar da ta samu a makarantar, an ba mahaifiyarta ne, wani lokaci kuma ta ba wa mahaifinta rance.

Ba tare da so ba,kuma a kan nacewar mahaifiyarta,ta auri James Phillips a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba,1819. Mijinta—mai wasan caca— mai zagi ne, azzalumi kuma azzalumi. A cewar Paine, ta bar mijinta bayan "shekara daya da watanni biyu na zalunci".Paine ta koma gidan mahaifiyarta kuma bayan watanni uku ta haifi danta a ranar 30 ga Agusta,1821.Yaron,Theodore Winthrop Phillips,ya mutu watanni 11 bayan haka. Kotun Koli ta Rhode Island ta ba Paine saki daga mijinta a 1821 ko 1823. An bar Paine a banza,ba ta samun abinci kuma ta bar dukiyar da ta mallaka a baya.

Paine ta ci gaba da koyarwa da zana hotuna don ƙara abin da take samu, ta ba ta damar ciyar da kanta da aika kuɗi ga mahaifiyarta, kakanta da danginsu, waɗanda suka ƙaura zuwa Connecticut.Har zuwa wannan lokacin rayuwarta ta kasance cikin tashin hankali da rashin kudi.Maimakon ta auri wani don ta sami rayuwa mai kyau, ta haɓaka sana’a don ta iya biyan bukatun kanta.

## Mawaƙa
Paine ta yi aiki a matsayin ƙwararriyar mai zanen hoto ta hanyar tafiya New England da sanya tallace-tallace a cikin jaridu na gida don neman kasuwanci. Ita da Ruth Henshaw Bascom sun kasance biyu daga cikin 11 ko fiye da mata waɗanda suka yi aiki a matsayin ƙwararrun masu  hoto a ƙarshen 18th da farkon ƙarni na 19th. 

Paine ta kasance "mace mai , tana auna sama da fam 200, kuma ta kasance ainihin hali. . ." An kuma bayyana ta a matsayin mai akida.  Paine ta kasance ƙarƙashin zargi don tafiya ita kaɗai a matsayin mace, amma ta ga yana da aminci a zauna a cikin gidajen kwana, an amintar da shi ta hanyar " wasiƙun gabatarwa da yawa" daga amintattun mutane. Don tabbatar da kanta a matsayin mai fasahar "gentel", ta yi karatun fasaha a Boston Atheum, ta zauna a manyan gidajen kwana, kuma ta zama marubucin da aka buga.

A cikin duka ayyukata, Paine gabaɗaya ta yi zane-zanen mai akan faifan itace 1/2 inch waɗanda aka wanke bangarorin da baya da ja, launin toka-kore, ko kore-shuɗi. Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su na zane-zane sau da yawa ana nuna su a cikin kwanciyar hankali a cikin rabin tsawon tsayi. Kayan na'urorinsu, gashin kansu, da tufafinsu galibi suna "cikakkun bayanai". Wurin sanya hannaye, tebura, da sauran abubuwa na iya zama mai ban tsoro. Ta na da halin zana sitters da dogayen hannaye, sautunan nama, idanu masu kama da zagayen fuska.  An san Paine don ɗaukar 'yanci a cikin hoton batutuwanta; ta taba zana hoton mutum mai launin toka da bakaken idanu domin tana ganin sun fi kyau.

### Maine
Ta yi tafiya ita kaɗai a karon farko a cikin 1826 zuwa Portland, Maine, kuma ta sanya tallan kasuwanci a cikin bugu na 12 ga Disamba na *Portland  Tallata.* Matsakaicin ƙimar manyan hotunan mai a wancan lokacin shine dalar Amurka 20– $30, amma Paine ta tallata $8 don manyan hotuna.  Ba tare da samun wani jagoranci don aiki ba, ta sanya tallan Janairu tare da shaida, wanda ya ce hotonta ya kasance mai kyau kama da batun kuma an kashe shi da kyau - kuma mata za su iya samun "girma da jin dadi wajen ba da kyauta ga mace mai zane." Da ta yi wa mai gidanta zanen da makwabta suka gani, sai ta fara karbar kwamitocin aikinta.

Paine ta yi aiki a Kudancin Maine, Portland, da New Hampshire a cikin 1827 da 1828. Da farko, tana da isassun kwamitocin da za su tallafa wa hayar falon da aka gama da ita, da ofishin fenti, da wani ofis don nuna hotunanta. Mace mai addini, Paine ta ɗauki tufafi mafi sauƙi azaman aikin ruhaniya a wannan lokacin. Yayin da lafiyarta ta ragu, ta shiga aikin jinya, wanda ya sa ta yi ƙarancin kuɗi. Paine ta amsa bukatar abokinta na komawa Providence don fentin ɗiyarta da ke mutuwa, kuma har yanzu tana cikin rashin lafiya, ta zauna a can watanni da yawa.

Paine ta yi aiki a matsayin mai zane a Maine har zuwa kusan 1831.  Daya daga cikin batutuwanta yayin da take Portland shine George Morillo Bartol, an sayar da hotonta akan dalar Amurka 38,513 a ranar 6 ga Maris, 2011.

### Massachusetts
Ta sami horon fasaha na yau da kullun a Boston Athens a kusa da 1832 kuma ta ciyar da bazara mai zuwa a Cape Ann . Paine, ɗaya daga cikin masu fasaha na farko da suka yi zane a Cape Ann,  ta dawo shekaru da yawa, ta katse ta ziyartar mahaifiyarta kowane bazara da kaka. Ta kasance a ƙauyen Annisquam na Cape Ann a shekara ta 1834, lokacin da ta zana hotunan iyalai. Paine ta ci gaba da yin fenti a kan cape a cikin 1830s da 1840s. Ta same shi wuri ne na musamman:

Ta yi renon wata yarinya, wadda ta kira ‘yar da ta goye, daga shekara 12 zuwa 15. A wannan lokacin Paine ta koya mata fenti kuma sun zauna na ƴan watanni a Fall River, Massachusetts . A lokacin da ta ziyarci gonar mahaifiyarta da kakanta, ta gano cewa ƙaninta Nathaniel, ya ba da takardar shaidar zuwa gonar kuma yana zaune a babban gida; iyayenta sun zauna a "wani irin gida". Bayan watanni, bayan dan uwanta ya sayar da gonar, Paine ta same su "suna kallon bakin ciki da damuwa" tare da Nathaniel a Kudancin Killingly, Connecticut, kuma sun yi shiri don mahaifiyarta da mahaifinta su zauna a wani gida.

### Rhode Island
A cikin 1830, Paine ta zana hoton marubucin, Catharine R. Williams, wanda ta rubuta waƙa, *Addini a Gida,* da *Rayuwar William Barton da Stephen Olney.* An ba da hoton ga Ƙungiyar Tarihi ta Rhode Island a cikin 1885 daga ƙungiyar membobin al'umma, ciki har da Henry J. Steere . Daga kusan 1836, tana da mazauni a Providence, Rhode Island   kuma ta kiyaye iyayenta cikin "tallafi mai gamsarwa".  Tsakanin 1836 zuwa 1838, ta rubuta kuma ta buga waƙar Kirsimeti da waƙa. Ta ji daɗin rayuwar ƙwararriyar nasara har zuwa 1842 lokacin da ta bar garin don amincinta yayin Tawayen Dorr . Ta tafi Cape Ann kuma bayan 'yan watanni ta koma Providence. Ta yi rashin lafiya kuma, ta kasa samun aiki a wurare biyu, ta sha wahala ta kuɗi. Mahaifiyarta ta zo ta zauna tare da ita a Providence bayan mutuwar mahaifinta, Nathaniel Thurber, a watan Nuwamba, 1848. A watan Maris mai zuwa, mahaifiyarta Maryamu ta mutu yayin ziyarar da ta kai wa ɗan'uwanta wanda ya zauna a Hartford, Connecticut. Ta kasance tana tallafawa iyayenta tun tana yarinya. 

### Shekarun baya
Paine ta yi tafiya ta Maine, inda ta sha wahala wajen kafa kanta don neman hanyoyin haɗin da ta dogara da su a baya, don haka ta koma Providence kuma a karon farko ta kafa kanta a cikin wani gine-ginen kasuwanci mai daraja, ban da kanta, Wanda kasuwancin namiji ne kawai. Tayi fama da fasaha kuma, saboda rashin mahaifiyarta, ta sha wahala da kanta. Sana'ar da ta dogara da ita ya sa ta yi tafiya har abada, wanda ya sa ta yi wuya a kafa dangantaka mai tsawo. Dangantakar ta da mahaifiyarta ita ce kawai kusanci a rayuwarta.  dangantakarta da manta shi kadai yafi kusanci da ita a rayuwanta.

Ta buga tarihin rayuwarta, *Roses and Thorns, ko Tunawa da Mawaƙi* a 1854.   Shekaru shida bayan haka ta buga *Jira da Duba*,   wani labari na Victorian . Ta mutu a Providence, Rhode Island a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba, 1862. 

Fayil ɗin da ke ɗauke da takardu, hotuna, kasidar nuni da sauran kayan tarihi ana gudanar da su a ɗakin karatu na kayan tarihi na Brooklyn &amp;amp; Archives  da Laburaren Magana na Frick Art na Frick Collection . 

## Hadawa

* Cape Ann Museum, Gloucester, Massachusetts  
* Maine State Museum, Augusta, Maine 
* Gidan kayan gargajiya na Portland, Maine Ƙungiyar Tarihi ta Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island 

## Ayyuka

* *Sally Ellery Ryerson Merchant*, mai akan zane, , Ƙungiyar Tarihi ta Cape Ann 
* *Catherine Read Arnold Williams*, mai a kan itace,  John Brown House Museum, Rhode Island Historical Society 
* *Eliza da Sheldon Battey da ɗansu Thomas Sheldon Battey,* Providence, Rhode Island, mai akan itace, 1830, tarin masu zaman kansu 
* *George Morillo Bartol,* pastel a kan takarda, 1827 
* *Hoton Mrs.* *JH Corbett* , mai a kan panel, 1832, Portland Museum of Art, Maine 
* *Gideon Lane, III*, mai a kan itace, 1833, Cape Ann Historical Association 
* *Hannah Griffin Lane,* mai, 1833, Cape Ann Historical Association 
* *Eliza Harper Peabody Lane*, mai a kan itace, 1833, Cape Ann Historical Association 
* *Hannah Fuller Smith Stanwood*, mai, 1834, Cape Ann Historical Association 
* *Lucy Kinsman Brown Davis*, mai akan itace, , Cape Ann Historical Association 
* *Iyalin Oldridge*, mai guda huɗu akan Hotunan katako, 1839, tarin masu zaman kansu 
* *Hoton Uwargida a cikin Lace Cap*, mai, Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Portland 

## Bayanan kula


## Manazarta