Alfanun yaƙi akan yara

Adadin yara a yankunan da ake fama da rikici ya kai miliyan 250. Suna fuskantar cutarwa ta jiki da ta hankali daga abubuwan da suka faru na yaƙi.

“Rikicin makami” an bayyana shi ta hanyoyi biyu bisa ga dokar agaji ta kasa da kasa: “1) rikice-rikicen makami na kasa da kasa, masu adawa da kasashe biyu ko fiye, 2) rikice-rikicen makami na kasa da kasa, tsakanin sojojin gwamnati da kungiyoyi masu dauke da makamai, ko kuma tsakanin irin wadannan kungiyoyi kadai.”

Yara a yankunan yaƙi na iya zama masu laifi, su zama yara soja. An kiyasta cewa akwai yara sojoji kusan 300,000 a duniya kuma kashi 40 cikin 100 nasu mata ne. Yara kuma suna fama da rikice-rikicen makamai. Ana tilasta musu ƙaura, suna fama da cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i kuma ana hana su damar ilimi.

## Fage
Dubi kuma: Yaranci a cikin yaƙi

Kasancewar yara a cikin yakin na iya komawa tsakiyar zamanai da yakin Napoleon. Yara sun yi yaƙi a yakin basasar Amurka, sun ba da gudummawa sosai ga yakin Sabuwar Kasuwa wanda aka yi yaƙi a Virginia (Mayu 15, 1864). Har ila yau, yara suna yaƙi a yakin duniya na biyu, musamman ma sun yi aiki a matsayin "Hitler Youth". To sai dai kuma, a wannan zamani, adadin yaran da ake kashewa yana karuwa yayin da adadin fararen hula ma ke karuwa. A cikin karni na 18, 19, da farkon karni na 20, kusan rabin wadanda yakin ya shafa fararen hula ne yayin da ya kai kusan kashi 90 cikin dari a karshen shekarun 1980.[8] Children compose a large part of the population affected by wars, data from the American Psychological Association show of the 95 percent of civilians killed in recent years' by modern armed conflicts, approximately 50 percent of them were children.

A cewar Asusun Tallafawa Yara na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNICEF), kiyasin asarar yara kanana a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata shine: “Mutane miliyan 2 sun mutu, miliyan 4-5 sun nakasa, miliyan 12 sun bar matsuguni, sama da miliyan 1 sun zama marayu ko kuma aka raba su da iyayensu, da kuma wasu miliyan 10 da suka ji rauni a hankali”.[8]. A halin yanzu, akwai sama da yara 'yan gudun hijira miliyan biyu da suka tsere daga Siriya da kuma 'yan gudun hijira sama da 870,000 daga Somalia.[9] Daga cikin mutane 100,000 da aka kashe a Syria, akalla 10,000 yara ne.[10]

## Matsalolin haɗari na yaƙi akan yara

### Kai tsaye ga tashin hankali

### Mutuwa da rauni
Ta hanyar fuskantar tashin hankali kai tsaye kamar tashin bama-bamai da fadace-fadace, ana kashe yara yayin rikice-rikice. A cikin 2017 kadai, an kai hare-haren ta'addanci 1,210 a duniya, galibi suna faruwa a yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya da kuma asarar rayuka 8,074. An samu ta'addanci guda tara tare da mutuwar fiye da dari a yankunan da ake fama da rikici. Har ila yau, yara sun fi samun raunuka da nakiyoyin da aka binne. Kashi 20 cikin 100 na nakiyoyin da aka binne su yara ne a kasashen da nakiyoyin suka shafa. Sau da yawa suna sha'awar bayyanar nakiyoyi da abubuwan fashewa. Yara na iya rasa gani ko ji; rasa sassan jiki; fama da rauni. Akalla mutane 8,605 ne aka kashe ko kuma suka jikkata sakamakon nakiyoyin da aka binne a shekarar 2016 da kuma jikkatar mutane 6,967 a shekarar 2015. Yawancinsu farar hula ne kuma kashi 42 cikin 100 na fararen hular da aka kashe yara ne sannan adadin yaran da aka kashe ya kai akalla 1,544 a shekarar 2016.

### Cin zarafin jima'i
Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ayyana kalmar "ci zarafin jima'i da ke da alaka da rikice-rikice" a matsayin "fyade, bautar jima'i, karuwanci, tilastawa ciki, zubar da ciki, tilasta haihuwa, auren dole, da duk wani nau'i na cin zarafi na jima'i da ake yi wa mata, maza, 'yan mata ko yara maza da ke da alaƙa kai tsaye ko a kaikaice da rikici". Fiye da 'yan mata da mata musulmi 20,000 aka yi wa fyade a Bosnia tun daga 1992. Yawancin lokuta a Ruwanda sun nuna cewa an yi wa duk wata yarinya da ta tsira fyade. Har ila yau, cin zarafin jima'i yana haifar da cututtuka da ake dauka ta hanyar jima'i - irin su HIV/AIDS - yaduwa. Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan shine haɗawa da dakarun soji yayin da suke lalata da kuma cin zarafin 'yan mata da mata a lokacin rikici. Bayan haka, yayin da iyaye mata masu dauke da kwayar cutar kanjamau ke haihuwar yara masu dauke da kwayar cutar kanjamau ba tare da maganin cutar kanjamau ba, cutar kanjamau ta kan yaduwa cikin sauri.

## Manazarta