Maureen Raymo

** Maureen E. "Mo" Raymo**(an haife ta a shekara ta 1959 a birnin Los Angeles) ita 'yar Amurka ce ƙwararren masanin burbushin halittu kuma masanin ilimin yanayin ruwa. Ita ce Co-kafa Dean na Columbia Climate School, Daraktan Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory na Jami'ar Columbia, G. Unger Vetlesen Farfesa na Duniya & Kimiyyar Muhalli, da kuma Darakta na Lamont-Doherty Core Repository a Lamont- Doherty Earth Observatory na Jami'ar Columbia. Ita ce mace ta farko masanin kimiyyar yanayi kuma mace ta farko da ta jagoranci cibiyar.

Raymo ta yi aikin majigaba akan shekarun ƙanƙara, yanayin yanayin yanayin ƙasa, da yanayin, yin nazari da nazari game da sanyaya duniya da ɗumamawa da sauye-sauye a cikin shekarun kankara. Ayyukanta sun ƙunshi mahimman ra'ayoyi a cikin binciken binciken burbushin halittu wanda ya haɗa da hasashe mai ɗaukaka yanayin yanayi, "matsalar shekaru 41,000", Paradox na matakin teku na Pliocene, da Lisiecki-Raymo δ18O tari.
Daga cikin kyaututtuka da karramawa, Raymo ta zama mace ta farko da ta samu lambar yabo ta Wollaston a fannin ilmin kasa, wacce aka ba ta tsawon shekaru 183 a lokacin a shekarar 2014. An bayyana ta a nadin nata a matsayin ". daya daga cikin manyan mutane da suka yi tasiri a cikin shekaru 30 da suka wuce".

## Ilimi
Raymo ta halarci Jami'ar Brown, inda ta sami Sc.B. Geology a 1982. Daga nan ta halarci Jami'ar Columbia, inda ta sami M.A. a Geology a 1985, ta M.Phil. a Geology a 1988, da kuma Ph.D. Geology a 1989.

## Bincike
An san Raymo don haɓakawa (tare da William Ruddiman da Philip Froelich) *Uplift-Weathering Hypothesis*. Bisa ga wannan hasashe, haɓakar tectonic daga wurare kamar tudun Tibet ya ba da gudummawa ga sanyaya saman. A cikin matakan samar da kewayon tsaunuka, a saman akwai ma'adanai da yawa waɗanda za su iya yin mu'amala ta hanyar sinadarai da carbon dioxide. A yayin aiwatar da yanayin yanayin sinadarai, ana samun cirewar iska ta CO2 daga sararin samaniya, sakamakon haka yanayin zafi a ƙasa yana raguwa. Ita da abokan aikinta da farko sun ba da shawarar cewa auna ma'auni na isotopes na strontium (Sr) a cikin ruwan teku mai zurfi zai iya tabbatar da Hasashen Haskaka-Weathering amma nan da nan suka gane cewa akwai shubuha a tushen Sr zuwa teku. Sama da shekaru ashirin bayan haka, ana ci gaba da muhawara da nazari akan hasashen.

Har ila yau, Raymo sananne ne don aikinta na tsaka-tsaki, musamman ta yin amfani da palaeoceanography don ƙarin fahimtar yanayin zafi na thermohaline da hawan kankara a kan Pleistocene da Pliocene da kuma yadda suke danganta ga canje-canje a cikin tilasta orbital da yanayin yanayi na Milankovitch. Raymo, tare da abokin aikinta Lorraine Lisiecki, sun ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga kimiyyar palaeoclimate da rarrabuwa ta hanyar bincike na isotope oxygen na foraminifera daga samfurin ma'aunin ruwan teku mai zurfi ciki har da buga shekara miliyan 5 da aka yi amfani da su sosai LR04 benthic foraminifera barga oxygen isotope rikodin rikodin.

## Kyauta da girmamawa
Raymo ita 'yar'uwa ce ta Ƙungiyar Geophysical ta Amurka da Ƙungiyar Amirka don Ci gaban Kimiyya. A cikin 2016 an zabe ta mamba a Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kasa. Raymo ta samu kyautuka daban-daban don aikinta na kimiyya, ciki har da zama a cikin 2014 mace ta farko da aka ba wa babbar lambar yabo ta Wollaston - lambar yabo mafi girma na kungiyar Geological Society of London. A cikin 2014, ta sami lambar yabo ta Milutin Milankovic a taron shekara-shekara na Ƙungiyar Geosciences ta Tarayyar Turai don amfani da ilimin kimiyyar lissafi, ilimin geology da geophysics don magance manyan matsalolin ilmin lissafi. A cikin 2019 ta sami lambar yabo ta Maurice Ewing ta Ƙungiyar Geophysical ta Amurka.

A cikin 2002, mujallar *Discover* da aka kwatanta ta haɗa ta cikin jerin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya da kuma a cikin zaɓenta na lambar yabo ta Wollaston, Farfesa James Scourse ya bayyana ta a matsayin "... ɗaya daga cikin manyan mutane kuma masu tasiri a karshe. Shekaru 30 ... Ta kasance muhimmiyar abin koyi ga mata masana kimiyya - za ku iya zuwa saman".

## Manazarta