Hukuncin kisa a Ƙasar Ingila

**[[Hukuncin Kisa|hukuncin kisa]] a [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]]** ya riga ya kafa Burtaniya, an yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya da Ireland daga zamanin d ̄ a har zuwa rabin rabin karni na 20. Kashe-kashen karshe a Ƙasar Ingila sun kasance ta hanyar ratayewa, kuma ya faru ne a 1964; an dakatar da hukuncin kisa don kisan kai a 1965 kuma a ƙarshe an soke shi a 1969 (1973 a Arewacin Ireland). Kodayake ba a yi amfani da shi ba, hukuncin kisa ya kasance hukunci ne na doka ga wasu laifuka kamar cin amana har sai an soke shi gaba ɗaya a cikin 1998; Mutumin karshe da aka kashe saboda cin amana shine William Joyce, a cikin 1946. A shekara ta 2004, Yarjejeniya No. 13 ga Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam ta zama mai ɗaurewa a kan Ƙasar Ingila; ta haramta maido da hukuncin kisa muddin Burtaniya ta kasance jam'iyya ga taron (ba tare da la'akari da matsayin Burtaniya ba dangane da Tarayyar Turai). 

## Tarihi
A lokacin mulkin Henry na takwas, an kiyasta mutane 72,000 da aka kashe. A cikin Elizabethan Ingila, ana amfani da hukuncin kisa don cin amana, kisan kai, kisan jarirai, fyade, ƙonewa, satar kayayyaki da suka fi shilling), fashi a hanya, buggery, sodomy da ridda. Ragewa ita ce hanyar da aka yi amfani da ita ga kowa sai cin amana, wanda aka hukunta ta hanyar zanawa, ratayewa da kuma rarraba maza, ƙonewa ga mata, da kuma yankewa ga masu daraja; da ridda, wanda aka azabtar da ƙonewa. Kimanin kashi 24% na waɗanda ke fuskantar shari'a don irin waɗannan laifuka an kashe su. Kimanin kashi 75% na ratayewa don sata ne.

Sir Samuel Romilly, yana magana da House of Commons game da hukuncin kisa a 1810, ya bayyana cewa "[babu] wata ƙasa a fuskar duniya inda aka  aikata laifuka daban-daban bisa ga doka da za a hukunta su da mutuwa kamar a Ingila". An san shi da "Bloody Code", a lokacin da ya fi girma dokar aikata laifuka ta haɗa da wasu laifuka 220 da za a hukunta ta hanyar mutuwa, gami da "kasancewa a cikin Gypsies na wata ɗaya", "shaida mai ƙarfi na mugunta a cikin yaro mai shekaru 7-14" da kuma "ɓawa fuska ko amfani da ɓoyewa yayin aikata laifi". Yawancin waɗannan laifuka an gabatar da su ne ta hanyar Whig oligarchy don kare dukiyar masu arziki waɗanda suka fito a farkon rabin karni na 18, sanannen misali shine Black Act 1723, wanda ya haifar da manyan laifuka 50 don ayyukan sata da farauta. Laifukan da suka cancanci hukuncin kisa sun haɗa da satar kaya da sata tumaki, shanu, da dawakai, kuma kafin a kawar da hukuncin kisa don sata a cikin 1832, "Dokar Ingila ta kasance sananne ne don ba da hukuncin kisa ga manyan laifuka kamar satar kayayyaki masu daraja a pence goma sha biyu". &nbsp;

Yayinda ake kashe-kashen da aka yi wa kisan kai, fashi da fashi sun zama ruwan dare, sau da yawa ba a aiwatar da hukuncin kisa ga kananan masu laifi ba. Za'a iya sauya hukuncin kisa ko sake shi (an jinkirta shi har abada) saboda dalilai kamar amfanin malamai, gafarar hukuma, ciki na mai laifi ko aikin soja ko na sojan ruwa. Shawarwarin karshe na ba da cikakkiyar gafara ko ta bangare (ta sharadi) don sauya hukuncin ya kasance tare da 'ma'aikatar da ke rataye' (ko Babban Ma'aikatun), babban rukuni na ministocin gwamnati a ƙarƙashin ikon sarki kuma Sakataren Cikin Gida ko Firayim Minista ne ya ba da umarni. Kungiyar za ta taru a gaban sarki mai mulki kuma ta sake duba jerin daga Mai rikodin Landan na 'Capital Convicts'.

## Gyara

### Karni na 18 da 19
A cikin 1808, Samuel Romilly ya sami nasarar canza dokar don cire hukuncin kisa ga masu fashi da ƙananan masu laifi, ya fara tsarin sake fasalin da ya ci gaba a cikin shekaru 50 masu zuwa. Hukuncin mutuwa ya zama tilas (ko da yake gwamnati ta sauyawa shi akai-akai) har sai Dokar Shari'ar Mutuwa ta 1823 ta ba alƙalai ikon hukuma don sauya hukuncin kisa ban da cin amana da kisan kai. Hukuncin Mutuwa, da dai sauransu. Dokar 1832 ta rage yawan laifukan kisa da kashi biyu bisa uku. A cikin 1832, an soke hukuncin kisa don sata, karya, da karya ban da karya da kuma karya da kuma wasu ikon lauya. Taron 'ma'aikatar da ke rataye' (ko babban majalisa) wanda ya yanke shawara kan aikace-aikacen jinƙai an soki shi saboda taron da ba daidai ba da rashin tsari na al'ada. A karkashin George IV, zane-zane sun nuna yadda Sarki ya fi son yanke shawara a kan tufafinsa kafin yanke shawara game da rayuwa da mutuwar fursunoni.

## Manazarta