Mary Lee (mai ba da izini)

**Mary Lee** (née Walsh) (14 Fabrairu 1821 - 18 Satumba 1909) ta kasance mai fafutukar sufragist ta Irish-Australian kuma mai gyara zamantakewa a Kudancin Australia.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Mary Lee a Ireland a Kilknock Estate a cikin gundumar Monaghan. Ta yi aure a 1844 ga George Lee. Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya bakwai kuma tarihin rayuwarta na 2018 ya ba da cikakkun bayanai game da rayuwarta a Ireland, musamman gudanar da makarantar 'yan mata. Ɗanta John Benjamin Stedham "Ben" Lee ya koma Adelaide, Kudancin Australia. Lokacin da ya yi rashin lafiya a shekara ta 1879, Lee, yanzu gwauruwa, da 'yarta, Evelyn, sun yi hijira zuwa Adelaide a cikin Jirgin ruwa na Orient  a kan tafiyarsa ta farko. Ben ya mutu a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba 1880. 

## Ostiraliya

A shekara ta 1883 Mary Lee ta zama mai aiki a kwamitin mata na Social Purity Society na Reverend Joseph Coles Kirby . Kungiyar ta ba da shawarar sauye-sauye ga dokar da ta shafi zamantakewa da kuma matsayin shari'a na mata matasa, suna ba da shawarar kawo ƙarshen aikin yara don kare 'yan mata daga cin zarafi da hana su zama masu karuwanci ko amarya. Nasarar kungiyar ta kasance wani sashi ne a cikin Dokar Kwaskwarimar Shari'a ta 1885 wacce ta ɗaga shekarun yarda daga 13 zuwa 16, watau, wanda ya sa ya zama ba bisa ka'ida ba ga namiji ya yi jima'i da yarinya a ƙarƙashin shekara 16. Kirby ya yaba wa Lee saboda wannan nasarar.

Har ila yau, Social Purity Society ta damu da yanayin aiki na mata. Bayan an zartar da lissafin a 1885 kungiyar ta fara kamfen don haƙƙin ma'aikata. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1889 a wani taron jama'a Lee ya ba da shawarar kafa Kungiyar kwadago ta mata. An kafa kungiyar Ma'aikatan Mata a cikin 1890, Mary Lee ta kasance sakatariyar kungiyar na tsawon shekaru biyu. A shekara ta 1893 Lee ta halarci tarurrukan Ma'aikata da Ma'aikata, ta yi aiki a cikin karamin kwamiti wanda ya bincika yanayin masana'antar tufafi, da kuma Kwamitin Mata da Yara masu wahala wanda ya rarraba tufafi da abinci ga iyalai da tattalin arzikin da ya shafa na shekarun 1890. 

A ranar 13 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1888 Lee, kungiyar Social Purity League, da sauransu sun hadu kuma sun kafa kungiyar mata ta Kudancin Australia. Ta kasance sakatariyar girmamawa ta League kuma ta yi gwagwarmaya don zaɓen mata na tsawon shekaru shida da rabi. Wasiƙunta da rahotanni game da jawabinta sun nuna cewa ita mace ce mai basira da ma'ana, tana amfani da hujja mai kyau, basira da ban dariya a cikin wasikunta da kuma magana da jama'a. A shekara ta 1889 ta rubuta:Bari mazaje, 'yan'uwa, iyaye, su tuna cewa wajibi ne ga kowane mutum mai 'yanci ya bar' ya'yansa mata kamar yadda 'ya'yansa maza suke. -kamar yadda mata ke taimakawa wajen kiyaye Gwamnati suna da 'yancin yin magana game da yadda kuma wanda za su mallake su. Al'adun gargajiya na ƙarni na goma sha tara sun ba mata matsayin siyasa iri ɗaya da wawa da mai laifi. Wannan shine tushen girmamawarmu ga mata da kuma kimantawarmu game da aikinta.

Lee ya kasance mai aiki sosai wajen ba da shawara game da haƙƙin ma'aikata, yana buga waɗannan ra'ayoyi a cikin The Barrier Miner game da yajin aikin ma'aikatan ma'adinai na Broken Hill na 1892:... Sir, wannan yajin aiki yana da fasalin daya wanda ya sa ya fi ban sha'awa fiye da kowane daga cikin wadanda suka riga shi.wanda dole ne ya tabbatar da shi sanannen shafi mai ban sha'awa lokacin da za a rubuta tarihin waɗannan yankuna. Ita ce matan Broken Hill sune manyan mata masu aiki na farko da suka ɗaga muryarsu a cikin zanga-zangar nuna adawa da rashin adalci cewa 'kundin tsarin mulki na yanzu ba zai ba su damar yin murya ba wajen tsara dokoki ...' An gabatar da takardun shaida don ba da izinin mata a majalisar dokokin Kudancin Australia tsakanin 1889 da 1893, duk sun gaza. Da aka ba da izinin mata a New Zealand, Lee, Social Purity League, Women's Christian Temperance Union da Democratic League sun yi tafiya a duk faɗin Kudancin Australia, wanda ya haɗa da Yankin Arewa a lokacin, suna tattara sa hannu a kan takarda. A ranar 23 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1894 lokacin da aka karanta Dokar Zaɓin Matasa a majalisar dokokin Kudancin Australia, mata sun gabatar da babban takarda. Takardar neman izinin ta ƙunshi sa hannu 11,600, a kan takardu daga ko'ina cikin mulkin mallaka, waɗanda aka ɗaure su tare don yin juzu'i mai tsawon mita 122. Kudin ya wuce a ranar 18 ga Disamba 1894, ya ba mata damar jefa kuri'a da tsayawa a majalisa, kuma Kudancin Australia ita ce doka ta farko a duk duniya da ta yi hakan. 

Da zarar mata sun sami kuri'a, Lee ta kasance mai aiki a cikin ilimin masu jefa kuri'a، tana ƙarfafa mata su shiga da jefa kuri'u. A ranar haihuwarta ta 75, mata 60,000 sun yi rajista don yin zabe. A shekara ta 1895 an zabi ta don tsayawa takarar majalisa amma ta ki.

An nada ta a matsayin girmamawa na baƙo na hukuma a cikin mahaukaciyar asibiti a cikin 1896, mace daya tilo da aka nada. A wannan ɓangaren ƙarshe na rayuwarta, Lee ta yi gwagwarmaya da kuɗi kuma dole ne ta sayar da ɗakin karatu. Ta ci gaba da yin rubutu tare da mata a wasu jihohin Australiya inda ba a ba da izinin yin zabe ba.

Ta mutu a shekara ta 1909 daga pleurisy bayan mura kuma an binne ta tare da ɗanta Ben . 

Mary Lee Close a cikin unguwar Canberra ta Bonython an sanya mata suna.

A shekara ta 1994, don yin bikin cika shekaru dari na 'yancin mata a Kudancin Ostiraliya an ba ta yabo a matsayin jarumi na kasa. An ba da tsabar kudi na musamman don girmama ta.

An buga cikakken tarihin Mary Lee na Denise George a cikin 2018  kuma an sake dubawa sosai. 

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Game da Mary Lee
* Ofishin Mata
* Ƙididdigar Australiya ta Tarihi 
* SA Memory
* Lee, Mary (1821–1909)aRubuce-rubucen Mata na Australiya (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) Tarihi) 
* Lee, Mary (1821–1909)aEncyclopedia na Mata da Jagora a cikin karni na ashirin na Australia