Ian Turner (mai fafutukar siyasa na Australiya)

**Ian Alexander Hamilton Turner** (1922–1978) ɗan gwagwarmayar siyasa ne na Australiya, yana da muhimman mukamai a Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Australiya da Jam'iyyar Labor ta Australiya .  A matsayinsa na babban masanin tarihi, ya rubuta littafin *Labor and Politics Industrial Labour*, wanda ya yi nazari kan ƙungiyar kwadago ta Australiya.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Ian Turner a ranar 10 ga Maris, 1922 a East Malvern, Melbourne. Iyayensa su ne Francis Herbert Blackley Turner, wani manomi na alkama, da Nina Florence, wacce aka haifa a Lang. Ya halarci Makarantar Jihar Nhill, Kwalejin Geelong, da Jami'ar Melbourne (LL.B., 1948; BA, 1949), inda ya fuskanci muhawarar siyasa kan batutuwa game da Yaƙin Basasa na Spain, mulkin kama-karya, da gurguzu. 

## Aikin soja
A shekarar 1942, ya yi aiki a rundunar sojojin mallaka ta Australiya (AIF) a hedikwata daban-daban a matsayin direba. Bayan an sauke shi daga mukamin kofur zuwa na sirri saboda rashin biyayya, ya ci gaba da kasancewa a hedikwatar I Corps, a matsayin mukaddashin kofur a cikin Hukumar Ilimi ta Sojojin Australiya. A ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, 1945, an sallame shi daga AIF, daga baya kuma ya koma jami'a.

## Fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a a jami'a
Bayan aikin soja, Turner ya koma Jami'ar Melbourne, inda ya zama babban editan mujallar ƙungiyar ɗalibai, *Farrago*, kuma babban sakatare na ƙungiyar Labour. Ya yi nazarin tarihi da siyasa a ƙarƙashin Max Crawford, Percy Partridge da Manning Clark . Ra'ayin Marx ya yi tasiri sosai ga tunaninsa, yayin da ya fara bincikensa na hagu a cikin siyasa da al'ummar Australiya tsawon rayuwarsa.  Ya haɗu da Amirah Gust a jami'a; sun yi aure a 1947, sun haifi 'ya'ya uku, kuma suka sake a 1961, Amirah daga baya ta zama marubuciya Amirah Inglis. 

Ya shafe shekaru masu ban mamaki tare da Jam'iyyar Kwaminis . Ya zama sakataren Majalisar Zaman Lafiya ta Australiya a shekarar 1949, taron da aka shirya kan yaƙi a Ostiraliya. Daga baya, Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta ba shi "ƙwarewar masana'antu" a matsayin mai tsabtace layin dogo, inda ya zama wani ɓangare na Ƙungiyar Jiragen Ƙasa ta Ostiraliya. Bayan ya ga abin da yake tsammani "abin sha'awa ne kawai", jirgin ƙasa ya kore shi a shekarar 1952. A lokacin da Tarayyar Soviet ta danne tawayen Hungary a shekarar 1956, ya yi zanga-zanga kan hakan, musamman kisan gillar da aka yi wa firayim ministan Hungary Imre Nagy. Wannan adawa ta kai ga korarsa daga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis a shekarar 1958. 

Duk da korarsa, Turner ya kasance mai kwaminisanci mai himma. A cikin wani mujalla ta musamman ta *Overland* a shekarar 1956, ya rubuta wa WJ Brown cewa duk da cewa sukar tana da mahimmanci a cikin jam'iyya mai rai da ƙarfi, sau da yawa yakan zama "suka kawai kan hanyoyin cika manufofin da aka riga aka yanke shawara". Abin da ya fi mahimmanci shi ne kada ya zama "maye gurbin tattaunawa mai zurfi game da muhimman tambayoyin manufofinmu da ka'idarmu ... dukkanmu muna da hannun jari a cikin jam'iyyarmu da kuma irin makomar da take ƙoƙarin ginawa a Ostiraliya".

## A matsayina na masanin tarihi
Turner ya yi karatun digirin digirgir a Makarantar Bincike ta Kimiyyar Zamantakewa, Jami'ar Ƙasa ta Australiya (Ph.D., 1963). A cikin takardar digirinsa, ya yi nazari kan muhimman tambayoyi da suka shafi ƙungiyar kwadago a gabashin Ostiraliya a lokacin 1900-1921. Daga baya an haɓaka wannan takardar digirin zuwa mafi mahimmancin aikinsa na ilimi, Labour da Siyasa . Bugu da ƙari, littafin ya mayar da hankali kan siyasar cikin gida da ta shafi ƙungiyar kwadago, da kuma muhimman lokutan da suka shafi, kamar yajin aikin gama gari na 1917, da kuma rabuwar Jam'iyyar Labour kan tilasta wa mutane shiga soja. [1]

## Manazarta