Yakin Kousséri

**Yakin Kousséri** ta samo asali ne daga shirin Faransa na mamaye yankin Chari-Baguirmi. A tsakanin shekarun 1899-1900 &#x2013; Faransa ta shirya rundunoni uku masu dauke da makamai, ɗaya ta taso daga arewa ta kasar Kongo, ɗaya daga gabas ta Nijar da wani kudu daga Aljeriya. Manufar ita ce a haɗe dukan garuruwan da Faransa ta mallaka a Yammacin Afirka, kuma an cim ma hakan a ranar 21 ga Afrilun 1900 a gefen dama ga Chari da ke ƙasar Chadi a yanzu da ke daura da Kousséri, a yankin arewacin Kamaru na yau.

## Gabatarwa
A shekara ta 1899, masharin mayaki na kasar Sudan Rabih az-Zubayr zai iya fitar da sojoji da dawaki sama da kimanin 10,000, dukkansu an tanadar musu da bindigogi (sai dai bindigogi 400, wadanda akasarinsu sun tsufa), da kuma adadi mai yawa na dakarun taimako dauke da ababen hangen nesa ko baka. Sojojinsa sun rike kagara a Baggara da Karnak Logone.

A shekarar 1899, Rabih ya karɓi bakoncin wakilin Faransa Ferdinand de Béhagle a Dikoa. Tattaunawar tsakanin su ta lalace, kuma yasa an kama Béhagle. A ranar 17 ga Yuli, 1899, an kashe Lieutenant Bretonnet tare da yawancin mutanensa a Togbao, wanda Faransa ta aika da sojoji zuwa ga Rabih, a gefen kogin Chari, Sarh ta yau. Rabih ya sami igwa guda uku daga wannan nasara (wanda Faransawa suka sake kwacewa a Kousséri) kuma ya umarci dansa Fadlallah, wanda ya bari a Dikoa, ya rataye Béhagle.

Dangane da martani, wata rundunar Faransa da ta fito daga Gabon kuma Emile Gentil ya jagorance ta, wanda jirgin ruwan Leon Blot ke goyan bayan, ta fuskanci Rabih a Kouno a ƙarshen shekara. An fara cin galabar Faransawa, yayin da suke fama da asara, amma suka sake haduwa suka ci gaba da zuwa garin Kousséri. Anan, sun haɗu da rundunar Lamy (daga Aljeriya ) da tsohuwar Ofishin Jakadancin Voulet-Chanoine, wanda ta taso daga Nijar. A wannan runduna, Joalland-Meynier ne ya ba da umarnin wannan shafi, bayan Voulet da Chanoine sun kashe jami'in Faransa da aka aika don ya rage musu, lokacin da labari ya isa ga manema labarai na Turai game da zaluncin da manufa ta yi wa mutanen yankin. Lamy ya dauki kwamandan rundunar hadin gwiwa.

## Yaƙi
An yi zaman karshe tsakanin Rabih da Faransa a ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 1900. Sojojin Faransa sun ƙunshi dakaru 700, da kuma ƴan bindiga 600 da kuma dawakai 200 waɗanda abokansu na Baguirmia suka bayar. Inda Kousséri na Faransa da ginshiƙai uku suka kai hari sansanin Rabih, kuma a cikin yakin, an kashe kwamandan Faransa Major Amédée-François Lamy. Duk da haka, an mamaye sojojin Rabih, yayin da suke yunkurin tserewa daga kogin Chari, wani dan tada kayar baya na tawagar Afirka ta Tsakiya ya harbi Rabih a kai sakamakon. A dalilin cewa yaji ance akwai kyauta ga duk wanda ya kawo gawar Rabih, sai maharin ya dawo filin kan Rabih da hannunsa na dama.

Mutanen da suka mutu sun kai 28 an jikkata 75 a bangaren Faransa; 1,000 zuwa 1,500 sun mutu sannan fiye da 3,000 sun ji rauni a bangaren Rabah, ciki har da mata da yara da ke tare da sojoji.

## Muhimmanci
Bayan anci galabar sojojin Rabih, Faransawa sun tabbatar da iko da galibin kasar Chadi, wadda ta zama wani bangare na daular Faransa ta mulkin mallaka. Tafiyar da Voulet-Chanoine Mission a Burkina Faso da Nijar na zamani ya janyo mallakar waɗannan yankuna, kuma sojojin Aljeriya sun nuna cewa za a iya yin galaba a kan hamadar sahara. Wani kudurin al'ummai daga Gabon, ya kara taimakawa wajen ayyana iyakoki na ikon mulkin mallaka na Faransa da Burtaniya, kuma ya danganta mallakar Faransawa guda uku mafi kwanciyar hankali a Afirka ( Senegal da Kogin Neja Upper, Gabon da Kongo-Brazzaville, da Aljeriya). . A cikin tarihin mulkin mallaka na Faransa, ana ganin Yaƙin Kousséri a matsayin ƙarshen ƙarshen Scramble don Afirka da farkon lokacin "kwantar da hankali" na Yammacin Faransa da Afirka Equatorial .

## Gallery

File:Rabih az-Zubayr, severed head.jpg|Kan Rabih, kofin fagen fama bayan yaqin.
File:Drapeau de Rabeh.jpg|Tutocin yaƙin Rabih, waɗanda Faransawa suka kama bayan yaƙin.
File:Canon Rabah 1b.jpg|Daya daga cikin igwan Rabih da Faransawa suka kama.


## Manazarta

* Byron Farwell . Encyclopedia na Yaƙin Ƙasa na ƙarni na sha tara. WW Norton & Kamfanin (2001)  shafi.&nbsp;466-467
* Robin Hallett. Afirka Tun 1875: Tarihin Zamani. Jami'ar Michigan (1974)  shafi na&nbsp;444
* Victor T. Le Vine, Roger P. Nye. Kamus na Tarihi na Kamaru. Mai Jarida Scarecrow (1974) 
* James Stuart Olson, Robert Shadle, Ross Marlay, William Ratliff, Joseph M. Rowe. Kamus na Tarihi na Imperialism na Turai. Buga Greenwood (1991)  shafi.&nbsp;123-124