open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Christopher Sarofim

**Christopher Binyon Sarofim** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1963) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka kuma manajan asusun.

Shi ne shugaban Fayez Sarofim & Co, shugaban Sarofim International Management Company, kuma darakta na Sarofim Group. A ranar 23 ga Afrilu 2025 aka sanar da cewa ya shiga ƙungiyar masu mallakar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Everton.

## Rayuwar farko
Christopher Sarofim shine babban ɗan Fayez Sarofim da matarsa ta farko, Louisa Stude Sarofim. Ita 'yar Margaret ce da Herman Brown, waɗanda suka kafa Brown & Root.  

Sarofim ya kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar St. George a shekarar 1982, inda ya yi aiki a hukumar gudanarwa na tsawon shekaru 9.    Sarofim ya sami digirin farko a fannin tarihi daga Jami'ar Princeton a shekarar 1986.   

## Sana'a
Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Princeton, Sarofim ya yi aiki a fannin kuɗaɗen kamfanoni ga Goldman Sachs, sannan ya koma Fayez Sarofim & Co.   A Fayez Sarofim & Co., ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin (Agusta 1988 - Yuni 1993), sannan ya zama Babban Mataimakin (Yuni 1993 - Oktoba 1994), Shugaban Makaranta (Oktoba 1994 - Satumba 1999), da Mataimakin Shugaban Ƙasa (Satumba 1999 - Satumba 2010). 

Tun daga shekarar 2010, ya kasance manajan fayil, mataimakin shugaba, kuma darektan kamfanin.   Shi memba ne na kwamitocin zartarwa, kuɗi, da saka hannun jari na kamfanin, kuma shugaban kasuwancinsu na ba da shawara kan harkokin waje, Kamfanin Gudanar da Kayayyakin Duniya na Sarofim.   Yana aiki a Hukumar Daraktocin Wood Partners, wani kamfanin haɓaka gidaje mai zaman kansa, da kuma Kamfanin Kemper Corporation, wani kamfanin inshora da ake sayarwa a bainar jama'a.   

Sarofim memba ne na Kwamitin Amintattu na Gidauniyar Brown, Inc kuma yana cikin kwamitin gudanarwa na Cibiyar Zuciya ta Texas.  Haka kuma yana cikin Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Kwamitin Masu Ziyarar Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta MD Anderson, kuma yana aiki a Hukumar Ci Gaban UTHealth.   Shi ne mataimakin shugaban Fayez Sarofim & Co.  Shi ne wanda aka naɗa magajin Fayez Sarofim. 

A da, Sarofim ya yi aiki a kwamitin gudanarwa na gidan kayan tarihi na Georgia O'Keeffe.  

Shi da matarsa, Courtney, sun kasance Zakarun Al'umma na 2017, suna goyon bayan *bikin Zakarun Ciki* na Cibiyoyin Ciwon Daji na Yara na Texas na shekara-shekara.   Suna kuma goyon bayan The Texan French Alliance for the Arts, kuma dukkansu suna ba da gudummawa ga Houston Cinema Arts Society, da sauran ƙungiyoyi.  

A watan Mayu na 2019, Sarofims sun zuba jari a cikin zanen Adam Lippes da ke New York. 

A watan Agusta na 2020, an naɗa Sarofim a Kwamitin Amintattu na Kwalejin Magunguna ta Baylor . 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Ya auri Valerie Biggs. Sun rabu a shekarar 2000.  Sun haifi 'ya mace tare, wacce daga baya aka yi ta faman shari'a kan kula da 'ya mace.

Sarofim tana auren Courtney Lanier,  'yar sirikar Elyse da Bob Lanier, tsohon magajin garin Houston. Tun daga shekarar 2010, ta kasance abokin tarayya a Sima Capital LLC, wani kamfanin saka hannun jari na madadin.  Suna da 'ya'ya biyu. 

## Manazarta
Heidi Blomstedt

**Heidi Kristina Blomstedt** ( *née* **Sibelius** ; Järvenpää, 20 Yuni 1911 - Helsinki, 3 Janairu 1982) mai zanen Finnish ne. 

Ta fara karatunta a Helsinki, sannan daga baya ta ci gaba da karatunta a Makarantar Fasaha ta Ateneum . 

Ta kammala karatunta a fannin tukwane a Makarantar Fasaha da Zane ta Taik a shekarar 1932, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai yin tukwane mai zaman kansa da kuma kamfanin Arabia .

Ta auri mai zane-zane na zamani kuma masanin ka'idar gine-gine Aulis Blomstedt, kuma sun haifi 'ya'ya huɗu: Juhana Blomstedt (1937–2010), Petri Blomstedt (1941–1997), Anssi Blomstedt (an haife shi a 1945) da Severi Blomstedt (an haife shi a 1946). [1]

Iyayenta sune mawaki Jean Sibelius da Aino Sibelius .

## Manazarta
Konstantinos Kyranakis

**Konstantinos Kyranakis** (Girka; an haife shi a ranar 19 ga Afrilu 1987) ɗan siyasan Girka ne, yana aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Ministan Infrastructure da Sufuri na Girka, kuma a matsayin memba na Majalisar Hellenic na Athens B3, a matsayin memba ne na jam'iyyar New Democracy . An dauke shi a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar dama a cikin Sabon Dimokuradiyya, yayin da wasu ra'ayoyinsa ana ɗaukar su masu rikitarwa akai-akai.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Kyranakis a Luxembourg kuma ya girma a Athens da Brussels . Ya kammala karatu a Makarantar Turai ta Brussels a shekara ta 2005, yana da digiri na farko a fannin shari'a daga Jami'ar Athens da kuma MA a cikin Sadarwar dabarun daga Kwalejin Amurka ta Girka .

Kyranakis ya yi aiki a matsayin mai dabarun dijital daga shekara ta 2008. Ya kasance manajan aikin don wani ɓangare na kamfen ɗin dijital na Jean-Claude Juncker don Shugaban Hukumar Tarayyar Turai a shekarar 2014. [1] kuma shugaban kamfen din dijital na Kyriakos Mitsotakis don Shugaban Sabon Dimokuradiyya a shekarar 2015.

Shi memba ne na Cibiyar Jamhuriyar Jamhuriya ta Duniya, kuma ya kafa BrainGain, wani shiri da ke da niyyar juyar juyar da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa ga Girka. Forbes Magazine ta zabi kuma ta zaɓi Kyranakis a cikin jerin 30 a ƙarƙashin 30 na shekara ta 2016. 

## Ayyukan siyasa
A shekara ta 2013, an zabi Kyranakis a matsayin shugaban kungiyar matasa ta Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Turai, babbar kungiyar matasa ta siyasa a Turai tare da mambobi sama da miliyan 1 daga kasashe 40 kuma an sake zabar su a shekarar 2015.

Kyranakis ya kasance dan takarar Majalisar Tarayyar Turai a shekarar 2014  kuma an nada shi mataimakin mai magana da yawun Sabon Dimokuradiyya a shekarar 2016.  Daga 2016 zuwa 2019, kamfanin PR Blue Skies ya yi masa aiki.

## Manazarta
Elena Kountoura

**Elena Kountoura** (Girkanci: , kuma romanized a matsayin *Elena Koundoura*; an haife ta 2 ga Nuwamba 1962) 'yar siyasa ce ta Girka, memba na Majalisar Tarayyar Turai, tsohon Ministan Yawon Bude Ido (ya yi murabus a 2019 don shiga cikin zaɓen Majalisar Tarayyen Turai) a cikin majalisar Alexis Tsipras, kuma memba na Majalisar don Athens A, don Helenawa masu zaman kansu, kuma a baya don Sabon Dimokuradiyya. Kafin ta shiga siyasa, ta kasance samfurin kasa da kasa, darakta na mujallar mata da kuma 'yar wasa.

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haife ta ne a Athens kuma 'yar tsohon jami'in Sojojin Hellenic kuma mai mulkin mallaka Alexandros Kountouras ce. Mahaifinta shine co-kafa kuma jagora mai ci gaba na BEO (Βυζαντινή Εθνική Οργάνωση, *Vyzantini Ethniki Organosi*, "National Byzantine Organisation", a baya *Vasiliki Ethniki Organosi*, "National Royal Organisation"), wanda aka canza taken a cikin *Metapolitefsi* saboda dalilai na shari'a.

Kountoura ya shiga cikin wasanni tun yana yaro. Mahaifinta ya sanya ta a cikin Kwalejin Gymnastic ta Girka tana da shekaru goma sha biyu a matsayin mai tsalle-tsalle a horo. Ta kammala karatu a Kwalejin Gymnastic ta Kasa da kuma Sashen Kimiyya na Wasanni da Ilimin Jiki (TEFAA) a Jami'ar Kasa da Kapodistrian ta Athens . Ta kasance babbar 'yar wasa a cikin Ƙungiyar Track da Field ta Girka, kuma ta lashe tsalle mai tsayi da tseren mita 100 a 1978 Panhellenic Women's Track & Field Championship.

### Ayyukan samfurin
Daga 1984 zuwa 1997 tana da aiki a duniya a matsayin samfurin, kuma a cikin 1990 CNN ta zaba ta a matsayin daya daga cikin kyawawan samfuran goma a duniya. Ta yi aiki tare da Serge Lutens, sanannen mai daukar hoto na Faransa, mai zane da kuma furodusa a duniyar kayan ado, yayin da yake da kyakkyawar sa'a don yin aiki tare da kamfanin kayan shafa na Japan Shiseido, kuma shine samfurin da aka fi sani da shi a matsayin mai magana da yawun wannan alama, kuma an buga fuskarsa a cikin kamfen na duniya.

### Komawa zuwa Girka da aikin siyasa
A shekara ta 1997, ta koma Girka, kuma daga shekara ta 2004 ta kasance darakta na mujallar mata. A cikin Zaben 2004, an zabe ta a matsayin memba na majalisa na Athens A for New Democracy . A cikin 2007 da 2009 ta kasance ta biyu, duk da cewa a cikin 2007 ta tara kuri'u da yawa fiye da a cikin 2004. [1] A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2011, Elena ta koma majalisa lokacin da Dimitris Avramopoulos ya bar kujerarsa ta majalisa don zama minista a gwamnatin Lucas Papademos . A watan Fabrairun 2012, ta kada kuri'a a kan "Memorandum 2" kuma shugaban jam'iyyar Antonis Samaras ya kori ta daga jerin jam'iyyar New Democracy . [1]

A cikin zaɓuɓɓuka biyu na Mayu da Yuni 2012, an zabe ta memba na majalisa na Athens A tare da Helenawa masu zaman kansu, yayin da tun daga shekarar 2014 ta ɗauki ofishin Sakataren Kwamitin Majalisar don Fim. 

A ranar 14 ga watan Janairun 2019, an kore ta daga 'yan Girka masu zaman kansu saboda ci gaba da tallafawa Gwamnatin Tsipras bayan Yarjejeniyar Prespa, wanda ya haifar da janyewar jam'iyyar daga hadin gwiwar da ke mulki. Daga nan aka zabe ta a Majalisar Tarayyar Turai a kan tikitin Siriya a Zaben 2019.

## Manazarta
Stelios Kympouropoulos

**Stelios Kympouropoulos** (Girkanci: ; an haife shi a ranar 9 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1985) masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam ne kuma ɗan siyasa na jam'iyyar New Democracy wanda ke aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Tarayyar Turai tun daga Zaben 2019. 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haife shi a ranar 9 ga Yuli 1985, a Athens. A lokacin da yake da watanni 14 an gano shi da atrophy na tsoka. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 15 shari'arsa ta zama lokacin da za a canza doka game da masu ɗaukar tutar a cikin fareti na makaranta.

shekara ta 2003 an shigar da shi cikin Sashen Kiwon Lafiya na Jami'ar Kasa da Kapodistrian ta Athens, daga inda ya sami digiri a fannin kiwon lafiya a shekara ta 2010, tare da girmamawa. Daga 2013 zuwa 2015, tare da aikin na musamman, ya halarci tarurruka na digiri na biyu kan batun cututtukan jima'i na mutum. A shekara ta 2014 ya sami digiri na biyu a cikin "Inganta Lafiya ta Zuciya - Rigakafin Cututtukan Zuciya". A shekara ta 2016, ya sami digiri a fannin ilimin hauka.

## Ayyukan likita
Daga 2016 har zuwa Yuni 2019 ya yi aiki a matsayin Curator B 'a Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Jami'ar 2 ta Babban Asibitin Jami'ar "Attikon".

## Ayyukan siyasa
A cikin shekara ta 2013, ya jagoranci shirya tawagar Girka ta farko zuwa taron Turai "Freedom Drive", wanda ya zama matattarar kafa kungiyar rayuwa mai zaman kanta ta farko ta Girka, "I-Living!", wanda kamfani ne na birane wanda ba na riba ba wanda ke gudana ne kawai daga mutanen da ke da nakasa.

A ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, 2019, an sanar da takararsa a matsayin MEP tare da kuri'un New Democracy (ND), yana amsa gayyatar shugaban ND, Kyriakos Mitsotakis.

Hakkin 'yan ƙasa masu nakasa sun kasance batun jayayya tsakanin Siriya da ND, musamman tare da Mataimakin Ministan Lafiya na lokacin, Pavlos Polakis. Dalilin matakin ministan shine matsayi a kan hanyoyin sadarwar jama'a na Kympouropoulos, a matsayin dan takarar ND a zaben 2019 na Majalisar Tarayyar Turai.

## Manazarta
Spyros Kouvelis

**Spyros Kouvelis** (Girka: ) babban masani ne na Girka, Tsohon Masanin Siyasa da Tattalin Arziki wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Jiha (Υφυπουργός) na Harkokin Tattalin arzikin Waje, Muhalli da Al'adu na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Girka .

## Wurin haihuwar da Ilimi
An haifi Spyros Kouvelis a shekara ta 1964 a Athens, Girka . Asalinsa ya fito ne daga Sitia a tsibirin Karita, da Andirrio a Aakaretolonania .

Spyros yana da digiri na BSc a fannin **Tattalin Arziki** daga Makarantar Shari'a da **Tattalin Arziki** ta Jami'ar Athens ta Kasa da Kapodistrian da kuma Masters of Science a fannin Tattalin arzikin **Muhalli da Aikin Gona** daga Jami'ar Reading, a Berkshire, Burtaniya. Yana da ƙwarewa a Girkanci, Turanci, da Faransanci, kuma yana magana da Italiyanci da Mutanen Espanya.

## Siyasa
Spyros ya fara shiga siyasa a shekarar 1997, lokacin da aka nada shi a matsayin **Mai ba da shawara ga Mataimakin Ministan Muhalli, Shirye-shirye da Ayyukan Jama'a na Girka**, mukamin da ya rike har zuwa shekara ta 2001, yana ba da shawara kan **Kare Muhalli**, Yanayi, **Gudanar da Ruwa** da daidaitawa tare da **Jama'a da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu**.

An zabe shi sau biyu a matsayin memba na majalisar dokokin Hellenic tare da Panhellenic Socialist Movement, don wa'adinsa na farko a matsayin dan majalisa na jihar a zaben kasa na Satumba 2007, kuma an sake zabarsa a wa'adin sa na biyu a matsayin dan majalisar dokokin A' Athens a Zaben majalisa na Girka na 2009 kuma Firayim Minista ya nada shi a matsayin Ministan Jiha na Harkokin Tattalin Arziki, Muhalli da Al'adu. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da Tattalin Arziki da Green Diplomacy, Haɗin gwiwar Ci Gaban, da Al'adun Al'adu, kuma ya ba da gudummawa sosai wajen ƙarfafa Tattalin Rikici na Tattalin arziki a Girka da kasancewar Girka a cikin Yarjejeniyar Muhalli ta Duniya.

A shekara ta 2012, tare da wasikar da ya yi wa Shugaban Jam'iyyar da Kakakin Majalisar Hellenic ya sanar da cewa ya zama dan majalisa mai zaman kansa kuma bai tsaya takara a zaben 2012 ba, ya zaɓi kawo karshen wa'adinsa na MP.

## Ayyuka kafin siyasa
Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci na **Gudanar da Kasuwanci da Kudi** tare da Coopers da Lybrand da Unilever ya shiga Asusun Duniya na Yanayi (WWF) a matsayin Darakta na Karewa a 1991. Daga 1995 har zuwa 1997 ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaba a.i. a matsayin memba na Team Management wanda ke jagorantar kungiyar. Spyros ya kasance shugaban kungiyar WWF ta Bahar Rum, memba na kungiyar **WWF Aikin Gona** kuma memba na kungiyar manufofin Turai ta WWF, kuma mai ba da shawara ga **Ofishin Manufofin Turai na WWF** a Brussels.

## Manazarta
Jordi Bonet

**Jordi Bonet**, wanda aka fi sani da **Jordi Bonet** RCA (7 ga Mayu 1932 - 25 ga Disamba 1979), ɗan ƙasar Kanada ne, mai zane, mai zane, mai zane-zanen bango, kuma mai sassaka wanda aka haifa a ƙasar Sipaniya, wanda ya yi aiki a Quebec .

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haife shi a Barcelona, Spain, asalin Catalan, kuma ya rasa hannunsa na dama yana da shekaru 9. Yaronsa zai kasance cikin Yaƙin Basasa na Spain . Ya karanci fasaha a Barcelona. Ya fara aiki a fenti da yumbu kafin ya faɗaɗa mayar da hankali kan kayan ƙarfe da siminti .

Ya yi ƙaura zuwa Kanada a shekarar 1954, inda ya kafa kansa a Quebec, inda ya ci gaba da karatunsa. Bayan ya koma Spain na ɗan lokaci, ya kafa kamfanin talla a Mont-Saint-Hilaire a shekarar 1960. A cikin shekaru 20 da suka biyo baya, ya ƙirƙiri ayyuka sama da 100 a Quebec da ƙasashen waje, kuma ya yi alaƙa da manyan masana fasaha kamar Salvador Dalí .

A shekarar 1964, gwamnatin Saliyo ta ba shi umarnin ya ɗauki hoton bango wanda har yanzu ana iya ganinsa a gaban ginin Bankin Saliyo, a babban birnin Freetown. Sa hannunsa yana ƙasan hannun dama na hoton bango, tare da kalmomin "Jordi Bonet '64".

A shekarar 1967, Jordi Bonet ya ƙirƙiri *The Inuit Family*, wani sabon tsari wanda ke wakiltar rayuwa a arewacin Newfoundland da Labrador, aikin yana cikin babban ƙofar shiga na Asibitin tunawa da Charles S. Curtis, Saint Anthony, Kanada.   

Jin dadinsa a Grand Théâtre de Québec ya haifar da abin kunya a cikin 1971 saboda layin " *Vous êtes pas écœurés de mourir bande de caves? C'est assez "* ("Shin ba ka gaji da mutuwa ba, ku gungun wawaye? Ya isa haka!") an haɗa shi da wani kalami daga mawaƙi Claude Péloquin . &#x5B; ** &#x5D; Daga cikin manyan ayyukansa akwai taimakon *L'homme devant la science* a gefen yamma na Pavillon Adrien-Pouliot na Jami'ar Laval a Quebec, ' *Citius, Altius, Fortius* a tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Montreal Pie-IX ;  *Hommage à Gaudí*, wani zagaye na sassaka bango a Place des Arts a Montreal ; Zane na Tunawa da Halifax Explosion ; da kuma saitin tagogi da sassaka masu fenti a cikin Our Lady of the Skies Chapel  a Filin Jirgin Sama na John F. Kennedy da ke birnin New York . Ya kasance mai sha'awar ayyukan tsarki, yana ƙirƙirar ayyukan fasaha da abubuwan ibada ga majami'u da gidajen ibada a Quebec, Ontario, da sauran wurare. Galerie L'Art français ya nuna ayyukansa tun daga shekarun 1950. 

Yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu fasaha a Quebec lokacin da ya mutu sakamakon cutar sankarar jini yana da shekaru 47.

## Manazarta
Jyotsna Bhatt

**Jyotsna Jyoti Bhatt** (6 Maris 1940  11 ga Yuli, 2020) ta kasance mai yin yumbu da tukwane 'yar ƙasar Indiya. Ta fara karatu a Jami'ar Maharaja Sayajirao ta Baroda, sannan ta yi shekaru arba'in tana koyarwa.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Jyotsna Bhatt a ranar 6 ga Maris, 1940 a Mandvi, Jihar Kutch (yanzu Kutch, Gujarat ). Ta yi karatu a Makarantar Fasaha ta Sir JJ da ke Bombay (yanzu Mumbai) na tsawon shekara guda. Daga baya ta shiga Jami'ar Maharaja Sayajirao ta Baroda a shekarar 1958 don yin karatun sassaka a ƙarƙashin Sankho Chaudhuri . Ta fara sha'awar yin zane-zane a can. Ta yi karatun zane-zane a ƙarƙashin Jolyon Hofsted a Makarantar Fasaha ta Gidan Tarihi ta Brooklyn da ke gundumar Brooklyn a birnin New York a Amurka a tsakiyar shekarun 1960.   Ta koma Indiya ta zauna a Baroda (yanzu Vadodara). A shekarar 1972, ta shiga ɗakin zane-zane na Sashen Zane a Faculty of Fine Arts, Jami'ar Maharaja Sayajirao ta Baroda a matsayin farfesa. Ta yi aiki a can na tsawon shekaru 40 kuma ta yi ritaya a matsayin Shugabar Sashen Zane-zane a shekarar 2002. 

Jyotsna Bhatt ta mutu a ranar 11 ga Yuli, 2020, kwana biyu bayan ta sha fama da bugun jini.   An kona ta a wurin kone gawarwaki na Vadi Wadi da ke Baroda. 

## Salo
An tattara ayyukan Bhatt a duk faɗin duniya. A tsawon lokacin aikinta, ta yi gwaji da kayan dutse da terracotta . A cikin aikinta na yumbu, ta fi son matte da satin matte glazes tare da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi zuwa kore mai launin ruwan kasa da sauran launukan ƙasa. Sau da yawa tana amfani da ƙasa mai alkaline, molds marasa tsari da ma'adanai daban-daban waɗanda ke haɗa salon zamani da na gargajiya a cikin ayyukanta. Ayyukanta sun nuna sha'awarta ga yanayi. Ayyukanta da yawa suna nuna kuliyoyi, karnuka, tsuntsaye, furannin lotus, kayan wasa da faranti. [1] [2] [undefined] [3] [4]

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Jyotsna Bhatt ta haɗu da Jyoti Bhatt, mai zane, a lokacin da take jami'a kuma suka yi aure daga baya.  Suna zaune a Vadodara.  Suna da 'ya mace, Jaii. 

## Manazarta
Koyon aikin injiniya

Koyon aikin injiniya a Burtaniya horo ne a fannin injiniyan injiniya ko injiniyan lantarki ko injiniyan jirgin sama don horar da masu sana'a, masu fasaha, manyan masu fasaha, Injiniyoyi Masu Incorporated da Injiniyan Chartered don aikin sana'a da kuma aikin ƙwararru. Injiniyoyi Masu Incorporated galibi ana samar da su ta hanyar shirin digiri na jami'a a matakin Masters Engineering kuma suna iya yin ɗan gajeren horo na bayan digiri. Misali na yau da kullun shine koyon aikin da ake samu a da a kamfanonin Thomson-Houston na Burtaniya da kamfanonin lantarki na Ingila a Rugby a Ingila. Abubuwan da aka rufe sun haɗa da lissafi, kimiyyar injiniya, iyakoki da dacewa, aikin ƙarfe, fasahar ginin ƙasa, zane-zanen injiniya, ƙira, kimiyyar kayan aiki don kayan injiniya, aikin ƙarfe da hannu, kayan aikin injina masu aiki, da fasalulluka na asali na ƙirar injiniya. Hakanan koma zuwa koyon aiki da sashen Burtaniya da Jamus. Koyon aikin fasaha na ƙwararru (tsawon shekaru 4-6) sun kasance al'ada ta shekaru da yawa a kamfanonin Burtaniya kamar BAE Systems, Rolls-Royce Holdings, Bombardier Aerospace ( Short Brothers ), da Babcock International . [1]

## Manazarta
William J. Ruane

Ruane ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Minnesota a shekarar 1945 da digiri a fannin injiniyan lantarki da kuma Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard a shekarar 1949. Ya shiga rundunar sojojin ruwa ta Amurka kuma yana kan hanyarsa ta zuwa Japan lokacin da Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ya ƙare. Ya haɗu da Warren Buffett a wani taron karawa juna sani na saka hannun jari tare da ƙwararren mai saka hannun jari na ƙimar Benjamin Graham kuma shi da Buffett sun zama abokai na tsawon rai. Dukansu sun yi aiki a matsayin mataimakan Graham a Jami'ar Columbia Lokacin da Buffett ya rufe ƙungiyar saka hannun jarinsa a shekarar 1969, ya shawarci abokan hulɗarsa da su yi la'akari da saka hannun jari tare da Ruane domin dukansu suna amfani da dabarun saka hannun jari na ƙimar Graham. 

Ruane ya kafa kamfanin saka hannun jari na kansa, Ruane Cunniff, tare da abokin hulɗarsa Rick Cunniff a shekarar 1970, kuma a wannan shekarar ne suka ƙaddamar da Asusun Sequoia nasu. An sake wa kamfanin Ruane suna Ruane, Cunniff, da Goldfarb a shekarar 2004, lokacin da Robert Goldfarb ya zama shugaban ƙasa. A shekarar 2008, Asusun Sequoia ya sanar da cewa zai buɗe asusunsa ga sabbin masu zuba jari a karon farko tun shekarar 1982.

A shekarar 1992 ya ɗauki wani tubali a unguwar Harlem da ke birnin New York, inda ya yi alƙawarin mayar da shi wuri mafi kyau, yana gyara gine-gine da kuma kafa asibitoci da shirye-shiryen hidimar al'umma. Ruane ya bai wa kowane yaro a kan tubalin tallafin karatu zuwa makarantar Katolika .  Ya kuma ba da kuɗaɗen shirye-shirye a makarantun gwamnati da makarantu da ke kan iyakokin Indiya, kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Mutuwa
Ya mutu a Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta Memorial Sloan-Kettering da ke Manhattan, yana da shekaru 79, sakamakon cutar kansar huhu. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
William J. Ruane yana zaune a Manhattan da Washington, Connecticut . Ya yi aure sau biyu. Matarsa ta farko ta riga shi rasuwa. Matarsa ta biyu, wacce ya aura a lokacin mutuwarsa, ita ce Joy. Yana da 'ya'ya huɗu: 'Ya'yansa maza su ne William Jr., wanda ke zaune a Cambridge, Massachusetts, da Thomas, na Washington, Connecticut .; 'Ya'yansa mata su ne Elizabeth "Lili" Ruane, na Burlington, Vermont, da Paige Ruane, na birnin New York; yana da ɗan'uwa, Patricia Lowry, na Kihei, Maui, Hawaii .

## Duba kuma

* Warren Buffett
* Dauda Dodd
* Irving Kahn

## Manazarta
Konstantinos Hannun

Konstantinos Manos (Girkanci; 1869-1913) ɗan siyasan Girka ne, mawaƙi, soja kuma ɗan wasa kuma tsohon magajin garin Chania .

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Rayuwar mutum da aikin soja
An haife shi a shekara ta 1869 a Athens .  Iyayensa sun fito ne daga iyalai na tarihi. Musamman, mahaifinsa, Thrasyvoulos Manos, jami'in soja ne kuma ya fito ne daga dangin Phanariot,  yayin da mahaifiyarsa, Roxani Mavromichalis, daga dangin Mavromi chalis. 

Shi ne babban ɗan'uwan Petros Manos .  Ya yi karatun shari'a a Leipzig da falsafar a Oxford. Ya kasance malami na Empress Elisabeth na Austria . Ya jagoranci shirya wasannin Olympics na zamani na farko da aka gudanar a Athens wanda daga baya zai zama Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 1896. Shi ne wanda ya kafa kungiyar Athens Athletic Club .

Tare da shelar juyin juya halin Crete a 1896 ya tafi Crete, inda ya jagoranci Holy Corps, wanda ya kirkira. Rashin jin daɗi daban-daban ya kai shi ga barin Girka ya yi tafiya, ya kai har zuwa Alaska. Daga baya ya koma tsibirin Krita don ya zama magajin gari na Chania na tsawon shekaru biyu (1900 - 1902).

Ayyukansa na yaƙi, duk da haka, ba a iyakance shi ga juyin juya halin Crete ba. Ya kuma shiga cikin Gwagwarmayar Makidoniya, ta amfani da sunan Michailidis . A shekara ta 1905 ya shiga cikin taron Crete na Therissos, yayin da ya shiga rikici da Yarima George, Babban Kwamishinan Jihar Crete. A shekara ta 1909 ya shiga cikin Goudi Coup . Daga nan aka nada shi wakili a majalisun sake dubawa guda biyu.

### Ayyukan wallafe-wallafen
Duk da shekaru 44 kawai na rayuwarsa, Konstantinos Manos ya rubuta waƙoƙi da yawa, waɗanda ya buga a cikin tarin da ya buga a ƙarƙashin taken Words of the Heart . An girmama tarin sa tare da yabo na farko a gasar Philadelphia. Ya kuma fara gabatar da yaren tare da Lorentzos Mavilis . A cikin 1905 ya buga fassarar Sophocles' Antigone a makarantar firamare, wani abu na farko a lokacinsa.

## Manazarta
Giorgos Kyrtsos

**Giorgos Kyrtsos** (Girkanci) ɗan siyasan Girka ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Tarayyar Turai daga 2014 har zuwa 2024. 

## Dan majalisar dokokin Turai, 2014-yanzu
A majalisa, Kyrtsos yana aiki a Kwamitin Harkokin Tattalin Arziki da Kudi tun 2014. A cikin 2019, ya kuma shiga Kwamitin Harkokin Waje.

Baya ga ayyukan kwamitin sa, Kyrtsos ya kasance daga cikin wakilan majalisar don dangantaka da Majalisar Dokokin NATO (2014-2019) da kuma yankin Larabawa (tun daga 2019). 

## Matsayi na siyasa
A cikin 2019, Kyrtsos ya amince da shawarwarin manufofi da aka gabatar a fili daga wanda ya kafa Greek Solution Kyriakos Velopoulos bisa ga abin da za a aika baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba zuwa Girka zuwa tsibirai masu nisa, marasa zama don jiran korar su.

A watan Nuwamba na 2021, Kyrtsos ya shiga ƙungiyar mambobi bakwai na Majalisar Tarayyar Turai karkashin jagorancin Raphaël Glucksmann zuwa Taiwan don aika sigina mai ƙarfi don tallafawa tsibirin mai mulkin kansa, duk da barazanar ramuwar gayya daga China.

A cikin 2022, Kyrtsos da abokin aikinsa Markus Ferber sun gabatar da gyare-gyare da yawa ga sakin layi da suka shafi dabarun yanayi na Babban Bankin Turai a cikin wani rahoto da Majalisar Dattijai ta bayar, suna sukar shirin Shugaba Christine Lagarde na ECB na yin la'akari da muhalli a cikin manyan yanke shawara na manufofi a matsayin "distraction" daga aikin bankin na kwantar da hauhawar farashi.[1]

## Manazarta
Stefanos Manikas

Stefanos Manikas (14 ga Afrilu 1952 - 26 ga Agusta 2015) ɗan siyasan Girka ne na Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) wanda ya kasance Ministan Jiha. Ya mutu a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta 2015, yana da shekaru 63, daga ciwon daji.

## Manazarta
Gabriel Caruana

**Gabriel Caruana** (7 ga Afrilu 1929 - 16 ga Yuli 2018) ƙwararren mai fasaha ne na ƙasar Malta wanda ya yi aiki a fannin tukwane . Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Fasaha ta Malta (1953–59), Accademia Pietro Vannucci a Perugia (1965), Makarantar Ƙungiyar Fasaha da Sana'o'i ta Detroit (1966) da kuma Istituto Statale per la Ceramica a Faenza (1967). 

Ya yi baje kolin a ƙasashen duniya, ciki har da wani baje kolin ƙungiyar da masu fasaha na Malta suka yi a Kwalejin Hunter a shekarar 1996, da kuma a wurare kamar babban ɗakin taro na Bankin Valletta .

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Caruana a Balzan, Malta a ranar 7 ga Afrilu, 1929. Shi ɗa ne ga Anthony Caruana, sajan rundunar 'yan sanda ta Malta da Beatrice Ebejer Michelizzi. Ya yi karatun sassaka a Makarantar Fasaha ta Gwamnati ta Malta a azuzuwan George Borg, Emvin Cremona da Vincent Apap .

## Fasaha da aiki
Caruana ta kasance majagaba a fannin fasahar zamani a Malta, inda ta samu kwarin gwiwa daga al'adun fasaha da kuma gine-ginen tsibirin. 

Caruana ya gudanar da baje kolin shi kaɗai a Malta, Ingila, Italiya da Switzerland kuma ya nuna aikinsa a baje kolin rukuni a Osaka, Detroit, Munich, Tripoli, London, Isra'ila, Melbourne, da kuma sau da yawa a Malta. Ana iya samun ayyukansa a Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Ceramics na Faenza, a Gidan Tarihi na Whitworth Art, Manchester, a Gidan Tarihi na City of Manchester Art, da kuma, a Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa na Fine Arts Malta. [1] An sayar da ayyuka biyu na Caruana a gwanjon ƙasashen duniya - An sayar da Sans Titre a Beaussant & Lefevre a Paris a shekarar 2008 kuma an sayar da Untitled a Christie's, London a shekarar 2013. [2] [3]

## Manazarta
Truda Carter

**'Rubutu mai gwaɓi***Truda Carter*' (1890–1958), mai zane ce wacce, tare da mijinta na farko John Adams, aka haɗa ta da tukwanen Art Deco wanda ya shahara da Poole Pottery a lokacin shekarun tsakanin yaƙi na ƙarni na ashirin.

## Tarihin Rayuwa

An haifi Truda a matsayin ƙarama cikin 'ya'ya bakwai, mahaifinta kuma masanin ilimin halittu David Sharp . Truda ta yi karatun Fasahar Aiki a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Royal da ke Landan, inda ta haɗu ta auri mai yin yumbu John Adams a shekarar 1915. Bayan aurensu, ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Afirka ta Kudu, don koyarwa a Makarantar Fasaha ta Durban . A can ne suka kafa sashen tukwane a kwalejin, kuma wataƙila Truda ta koyi yawancin ƙwarewar tukwanenta daga mijinta a wannan lokacin. [1] Bayan dawowa Birtaniya, Truda da John sun shiga aikin tukwane a Poole, Dorset, a shekarar 1921, tare da kafa sabuwar kamfani "Carter, Stabler and Adams Ltd" ta hannun daraktocinta Cyril Carter (wanda Truda ta aura daga baya), Harold Stabler da John Adams. [2]

Da farko Carter ta fara daidaita zane-zanen magabatanta a Poole Pottery, James Radley Young, ta ci gaba da ƙirƙirar tsare-tsare masu rikitarwa tare da tasiri bayyanannu daga tukwane da kwafi na Turai na Art Deco, da kuma zane-zanen zamani na zamani . Carter ta ƙirƙiri mafi yawan tsare-tsaren da suka ƙawata Poole Pottery a shekarun 1920 da 1930. Waɗannan zane-zane masu launuka masu haske, masu laushi, da kuma waɗanda aka fi sani da su. Truda Carter ta ci gaba da zama mai zane a Poole Pottery har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a 1950. 

## Duba kuma

* Clarice Cliff
* Susie Cooper
* Charlotte Rhead

## Manazarta
Joan Campbell

**Joan Ruth Campbell** MBE (1925–1997) ƙwararren mai yin tukwane / mai zane-zanen yumbu ɗan ƙasar Australiya ne daga ƙasar Victorian.

An haifi Joan Campbell a Geelong, Victoria a shekarar 1925. Tana da shekaru goma sha biyar, a shekarar 1940, iyalinta suka ƙaura zuwa Yammacin Ostiraliya. [1] Ta fara aikin tukwane daga baya a rayuwa, da farko a matsayin abin sha'awa kafin ta bi sahunta a matsayin sana'a. Ta gina murhun wuta da itace a gidanta na Scarborough, tana koya wa kanta dabarun harbi.

A shekarar 1959, Campbell ta yi aiki tare da Johannes de Blanken, wani mai yin tukwane na ƙasar Holland wanda ya ƙaura zuwa Yammacin Ostiraliya. Daga nan ta yi haɗin gwiwa da Eileen Keys kuma suka yanke shawarar amfani da kayan da ake da su a yankin kawai a cikin aikinsu. A shekarar 1966, su biyun sun gwada dabarun harba Raku, wanda daga baya ya zama hanyar da ta fi so ta harba. Campbell ta gudanar da baje kolin ta na farko a shekarar 1969 a Old Fire Station Gallery da ke Fremantle . A shekarar 1970 ta yi tafiya zuwa Amurka ta yi aiki tare da Paul Soldner . Campbell ta sami karbuwa a matsayin mai wakiltar Raku, kuma an gayyace ta a shekarar 1972 don yin baje kolin a Kwalejin Nunin Ceramics ta Duniya, tare da wasu zaɓaɓɓun ƙungiyar masu yin tukwane na Australiya, a Gidan Tarihi na Victoria da Albert, London.

A shekarar 1968, Campbell ta taimaka wajen kafa Ƙungiyar Sana'o'i ta Yammacin Australiya (wadda daga baya ta zama Ƙungiyar Sana'o'i ta Yammacin Australiya) a matsayin sakatariyar ƙungiyar. Ta kasance memba a cikin kwamitin Sana'o'i na Majalisar Australiya (wadda aka kafa a shekarar 1973), kuma ta kasance memba a Majalisar Australiya daga 1974 zuwa 1977. 

## Manazarta
Zé do Carmo (mai yin tukwane)

**José do Carmo Souza**, wanda aka fi sani da **Zé do Carmo** (Goiana, 19 Nuwamba 1933 - Goiana, 26 Afrilu 2019)  ƙwararren mai yin yumbu ne na ƙasar Brazil. Ya fara aiki da yumbu a shekarar 1941, lokacin yana ɗan shekara 7, kuma an ɗauke shi daga 2002 har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekarar 2019 a  . 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
A shekarar 1980, bisa buƙatar Dom Hélder Câmara, ya ƙirƙiri sassaka don a miƙa wa Paparoma John Paul na Biyu . Amma Câmara bai amince da sassakar wani mala'ika mai fuskar cangaceiro ba, yana mai cewa wannan siffar ta ƙazanta ce. Daga nan aka yi watsi da wannan sassaka kuma ba a taɓa kai wa Paparoma ba, kuma a yau, a cikin tunawa, yana cikin birnin Goiana, a cikin ɗakin studio na Zé do Carmo. 

Zé do Carmo ya mutu a ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 2019, yayin da yake kwance a asibiti a asibitin Belarmino Correia, saboda bugun zuciya sakamakon matsalolin huhu da ya shafe shekaru 10 yana fama da su. [1] [2]
Fayil:VovoNatalino.jpg|alt=Vovô Natalino, sculpture of Zé do Carmo to oppose Santa Claus| Vovô Natalino, sassaka na Zé do Carmo don adawa da Santa Claus


## Manazarta
Marina Busignani Reffi

**Rubutu mai gwaɓi****Marina Busignani Reffi** (1930–2006) mai zane ce, mai sassaka, mai yin yumbu, kuma 'yar siyasa ce.

An haife ta a birnin San Marino, Reffi ta yi karatun fasaha a Accademia di Belle Arti di Bologna, inda malamanta suka haɗa da Giorgio Morandi, Virgilio Guidi, da Luciano Minguzzi . Daga 1956 zuwa 1989 ta kasance mai himma a kamfanin samar da yumbu na Sammarinese SAM.  Tana cikin masu fasaha da suka kafa ƙungiyar masu fasaha ta Sammarinese a 1976, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar ta a 1978. A Venice Biennale, ta yi aiki a matsayin kwamishina, kuma ita ce ta farko da ta wakilci ƙasarta a taron.  Ta wakilci San Marino a wuraren baje kolin wasu wurare a lokacin aikinta.  Reffi kuma ta kasance mai himma a siyasa, ta zama mace ta farko da ta shiga Jam'iyyar Socialist ta Sammarinese . Ta kuma kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata uku na farko da aka zaɓa a Majalisar Manyan Jami'o'i  a 1974, tare da Clara Boscaglia da Fausta Morganti .  Duk da haka, ta ƙi amincewa da zama, maimakon haka ta miƙa wuya ga mijinta, Giordano Bruno Reffi, wanda aka zaɓa a cikin jerin sunayen.  Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin *[[capitano di castello]]* na birnin San Marino.  Reffi ta mutu a birnin da aka haife ta a shekarar 2006,  kuma aka binne ta a makabartar Chiesanuova . 

Reffi ta kasance mai himma a da'irar al'adun Italiya a tsawon rayuwarta, kuma tana cikin abokanta mai zane Emilio Vedova . [1] Ana iya ganin abin tunawarta ta 1981 a cikin dutse ga Marino Capicchioni mai luthier a Tsohon Birnin San Marino, inda aka nuna shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na Gidan Tarihi na Buɗewar Sama; sauran ayyukan da ake gani a garin sun haɗa da Tarihin Kimiyya (1963, siminti) [2] da kuma Shaidar 1 da Shaidar 2, [3] duka a cikin dutse. [2]

## Manazarta
Pierre Caille (mai zane-zane)

**Pierre Jules Louis Lucien Ghiskain Caille** (11 Janairu 1911, a Tournai - 24 Oktoba 1996, a Linkebeek ), ƙwararren mai sassaka ne na ƙasar Belgium, mai zane, mai sassaka, mai yin yumbu da kuma mai yin kayan ado.

Caille ya halarci Kwalejin Tournai ta ɗan lokaci (1926) da kuma sashen talla a La Cambre (1931), da kuma kayan gini na yumbu (1938) kuma yana kusa da Roger Guérin (1896 a Jumet - 1954 a Bouffioulx), Henry van de Velde, George Grard, Charles Leplae . Pierre Caille ƙwararren mai zane ne mai fuskoki da yawa kuma mara tsari, mai zane-zane, mai buga takardu, mai sassaka, mai tukwane, mai tsara kayan ado. Wahayinsa yana nuna tunani mai kyau, kuma yana ba da tsari ga abin mamaki da ban mamaki. Daga 1949 zuwa 1976, Pierre Caille farfesa ne a La Cambre, inda yake jagorantar ajin kayan gini.

## Aiki

* 1964: *Monument aux Liégeois morts pour la liberté*, tare da m George Dedoyard, Albert I Bridge on the Meuse at Liege .
* 1980: *Les Voyageurs*, tashar Botanique na Brussels Metro .
* 1982–1989: *...* *Psy*, ƙofar shiga ta Sashen Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam da Kimiyyar Ilimi na Jami'ar Liège da ke Sart-Tilman, Gidan Tarihi na Buɗaɗɗen Iska na Sart-Tilman .

## Manazarta
Merric Boyd

**William Merric Boyd**, wanda aka fi sani da **Merric Boyd** (24 ga Yuni 1888 - 9 ga Satumba 1959), ƙwararren mai fasaha ne ɗan ƙasar Australiya, mai himma a matsayin mai gyaran yumbu, mai sassaka, kuma yana yin rubuce-rubuce mai yawa game da iyalinsa da kewaye a cikin zane-zanen fensir. An kira shi uban ginin tukwane na studio na Australiya.

Iyalan Boyd na tsararraki da yawa sun haɗa da masu zane-zane, masu sassaka, masu gine-gine da sauran ƙwararrun fasaha, waɗanda suka fara da iyayen Boyd Arthur Merric Boyd da Emma Minnie Boyd . 'Yan'uwan Boyd su ne Penleigh, mai zane-zanen shimfidar wuri, da kuma Martin, marubuci. Shi da matarsa, Doris, sun renon masu zane Arthur da David, da kuma Guy, mai sassaka. Babbar 'yarsu, Lucy, mai zane ce ta yumbu. 

## Bayani
Shi ne na biyu cikin 'ya'ya biyar na Arthur Merric Boyd (1862–1940) da Emma Minnie à Beckett (1858–1936), waɗanda suka kafa zane-zane, Merric Boyd an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Yuni, 1888 a unguwar Melbourne da ke St Kilda, a Victoria . Arthur Merric Boyd da iyalinsa sun sami tallafin kuɗi daga kaka ta mahaifiyar Merric, Emma à Beckett. Arzikin Emma ne, wanda aka gada daga mahaifinta John Mills, tsohon mai laifi wanda ya kafa Melbourne Brewery, wanda ya ba iyalansu damar rayuwa cikin "daɗi". [1] Boyd ya zauna a Sandringham inda ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Haileybury har zuwa lokacin da yake ɗan shekara takwas. Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa gonar iyali a Yarra Glen har abada kuma Boyd ya halarci Kwalejin Aikin Gona ta Dookie da burin mayar da hannunsa ga noma; sannan ya yi tunanin shiga Cocin Ingila a matsayin limamin coci, yana ɓatar da lokaci yana karatu a Kwalejin Tauhidi ta St John, Melbourne ; [2] daga baya ya ba wa Martin Boyd kayan aikin littafinsa mai lambar yabo ta 1955, mai suna A Difficult Young Man . [3]

## Sana'a

A shekarar 1908 a Archibald McNair's Burnley Pottery, Boyd ya jefa tukunyarsa ta farko. Boyd ya kafa wani bita a gidan sa a Murrumbeena kuma an kafa murhun tukwane a can a shekarar 1911 tare da goyon bayan iyalinsa. Ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin Lindsay Bernard Hall da Frederick McCubbin a Makarantar National Gallery, inda ya ɗauki yumbu a matsayin hanyar sassaka, amma ya zauna a kan tukwane a matsayin hanyarsa. Ya gudanar da baje kolin kayan dutse na farko, wanda aka kunna a McNair Bros kiln, a Centreway da ke Melbourne a shekarar 1912, kuma baje kolin sa na biyu a Besant Lodge jim kaɗan bayan haka. 

A shekarar 1915 ya auri Doris Lucy Eleanor Bloomfield Gough, wata daliba kuma mai zane, kuma suka zauna a Murrumbeena. Kafin ya shiga Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, an ɗauki Boyd aiki a hannun Hans Fyansch na Kamfanin Porcelain na Australiya, Yarraville .   Boyd ya shiga Rundunar Jiragen Sama ta Australiya amma an sallame shi daga baya a Ingila kafin ya koma Ostiraliya a watan Satumba na 1919. Kafin yin hakan, ya ɗauki watanni shida yana horo kan dabarun tukwane a Josiah Wedgwood and Sons, Stoke-on-Trent,  yana karatun difloma a ƙarƙashin Dr. Mellor a Makarantar Fasaha ta Stoke, da kuma gina murhu a ƙarƙashin Mista ST Wilson, tsohon Shugaban Ƙungiyar Gine-gine ta Ingila. 

## Manazarta
Rut Bryk

**Linnea Rut Bryk** (18 ga Oktoba 1916 a Stockholm &#x2013; 14 ga Nuwamba 1999 a Helsinki) ƙwararriyar mai yin yumbu ce ta ƙasar Finland. Ta hanyar yin bugu, ƙirar yadi da yumbu, ta yi nasarar ɓoye layukan da ke tsakanin fasaha, sana'a da ƙira .  Ana ɗaukarta a matsayin babbar mai gyara fasahar yumbu ta zamani ta ƙasar Finland. 

## Ilimi da farkon aiki
Iyayen Bryk su ne Felix Bryk, wani masanin ilmin halittu na Austria wanda ya kware a fannin malam buɗe ido, da Aino Mäkinen.  Bryk ya yi karatun zane-zane a Makarantar Fasaha da Tsakiya ta Helsinki a 1936–1939 kuma an ɗauke shi aiki a 1942 a Kamfanin Arabia Factory da ke Helsinki yana aiki tare da Birger Kaipiainen .   Ayyukan farko na Bryk sun haɗa da zane-zane na katunan gaisuwa da murfin littattafai, da kuma abubuwan yumbu, kamar kwantena masu launi, tire da kayan ado. A tsakiyar shekarun 1940 ta yi faranti na faience waɗanda aka siffanta da launukan pastel, da kuma hotunan mata sanye da huluna masu kyau, yawo a wurin shakatawa, da kuma soyayyar matasa. An fassara wannan juyawa zuwa ga salon a matsayin martani ga abubuwan ban tsoro na Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu  Abubuwan da aka tattauna sun kasance na alama, galibi marasa wayo, waƙoƙi kuma masu haske a launi.

## Ƙarshen shekarun 1940 - 1950s
Aikinta daga ƙarshen shekarun 1940 da 1950 ya bar wayo na baya ga ayyukan da suka fi rikitarwa da bayyanawa. An fara gina siffofi daga fannoni masu launi kuma an ƙara musu sauƙi: wannan hanyar aiki ta haifar da babban bambanci tsakanin sassan gilashi da marasa gilashi. Abin da ake magana a kai shi ma yana canzawa, kuma ya haɗa da zane-zanen Littafi Mai Tsarki, gine-ginen Gothic da Renaissance. [1]

## Shekarun 1960 zuwa gaba
A shekarun 1960, aikin Bryk ya sake canzawa, yayin da ta gina manyan kayan ado na yumbu waɗanda aka yi wa wurare na jama'a waɗanda aka yi a kan ƙananan tayal.  An maye gurbin abubuwan da ta rubuta a baya da kuma abubuwan da ta yi amfani da su a baya da kuma abubuwan da ta yi amfani da su a baya. Ta yi abubuwa masu rikitarwa musamman, waɗanda ke amfani da yanayin tayal masu girma uku da canje-canje a cikin gilashi don ƙirƙirar alamu tare da inuwa, haske da kuma haske. 

Shahararrun kayan aikin Bryk sune "Birnin Rana" (1975), matattakalar zauren zauren birnin Helsinki da kuma kayan aikin bango mai bangarori bakwai "Ice Flow" (1987–91), wanda aka nuna a Mäntyniemi, gidan shugaban jamhuriyar. 

A shekarun sittin, Bryk ta sake tsunduma cikin ƙira da zane-zanen yadi kuma ta ƙirƙiri tarin kayan aiki ga Vaasan Puuvilla-Finlayson, wani kamfanin kera auduga. Ana sayar da yadi da aka samu ta hanyar mita sannan a saya su a matsayin mayafin teburi, lilin gado, da tawul. Ta haka Bryk ta nuna cewa tana jin daɗin yin aiki da kayan fasaha da na kasuwanci kuma tana da ƙwarewa a fannoni da yawa na watsa labarai. 

## Manazarta
Paolo De Poli

**Paolo De Poli** (1 ga Agusta 1905 - 21 Satumba 1996) ƙwararren mai zane ne kuma mai zane na Italiya.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife shi a Padua, kuma bayan horo na farko a zane da kuma yin ado da ƙarfe a makarantar fasaha ta Pietro Selvatico ta Padua da kuma a fannin zane mai a ɗakin zane na masu zane na Trentini da ke Verona, De Poli ya fara aiki a matsayin mai zane mai hoto da shimfidar wuri.  A shekarar 1926 ya shiga a karon farko a gasar XV Venice Biennale tare da *mai* .  A cikin shekarun talatin a lokacin tafiye-tafiyensa da ziyartar gidajen tarihi na fasaha da wuraren tarihi, ya fuskanci fasahar gargajiya da ta da ta da ta vitreous enamel . Da yake sha'awar waɗannan abubuwan, daga 1933 zuwa gaba, ya sadaukar da kansa ga ayyukan ƙirƙira na enamel a kan ƙarfe. Da farko ya yi gwaji da ƙananan abubuwa masu kyau masu siffofi da yawa a cikin launuka masu haske. Ta hanyar inganta dabarar, ya ƙware a sana'ar kuma ya kai matakin mafi girma na ƙirƙira. A cikin shekarun arba'in ya yi aiki tare da Gio Ponti wajen samar da kayan daki  da allunan ado. Daga baya haɗin gwiwarsu ya haifar da sabbin abubuwa na ƙira da ƙirar dabbobi  a cikin siffofin sassaka. Baya ga samar da tukwane, kwano, tire, faranti, kofuna, alluna da maƙullan ƙofa a cikin enamel a kan tagulla, ya kuma yi aiki a kan manyan bangarori don ƙawata cikin jiragen ruwa da layukan teku, otal-otal, jami'o'i, gine-ginen jama'a da gidajen masu tarawa, a Italiya da ƙasashen waje. Ayyuka da yawa sakamakon haɗin gwiwa ne da masu zane-zane, kamar Gio Ponti, Guglielmo Ulrich ( it ), Melchiorre Bega ( it ), da masu fasaha kamar Filippo De Pisis, Bruno Saetti,  Gino Severini, da Roberto Aloi. 

Ya kuma sadaukar da kansa ga yin ayyukan bagadai da zagaye-zagaye na allon bango kan jigon Tashoshin Gicciye, waɗanda aka adana a majami'u na Padua, [1] Abano Terme, Bergamo da Treviso. An nuna abubuwan da ya ƙirƙira a babban Nunin Ƙasa da Ƙasa: Brussels a 1935, a Paris a 1937, a New York a 1939, da kuma a wasu nune-nunen kayan ado da baje kolin fasaha kamar waɗanda aka gudanar a Florence, Alkahira, Helsinki, Monaco, London, Oslo, Stockholm, Beirut da sauransu a matsayin wani ɓangare na salon Italiyanci. Ya nuna ayyukansa na enamel sau 14 a Venice Biennale [2] da kuma sau 10 a Milan Triennale . [3] Dangane da samar da gilashin Murano na zamani da Faenza majolica, yawancin ayyukansa na enamel a kan tagulla, a matsayin allunan bango da abubuwan ƙira, yanzu suna cikin tarin kayan tarihi na kayan ado da ƙira na dindindin. [4]

## Manazarta
Anna Boudová Suchardová

**Anna Boudová Suchardová** (23 Oktoba 1870, Nová Paka – 14 Mayu 1940, Prague ) ƙwararriyar mai zane ce ta ƙasar Czech wadda aka sani da mai zane-zanen da ba a taɓa yin irinsu ba, mai zane-zanen yumbu, mai zane-zanen yadi da kuma mai zane-zanen littattafai.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Anna Suchardová a cikin iyalin masu fasaha a matsayin 'yar mai sassaka Antonín Sucharda, Jr. (1843–1911).  

Suchardová ɗaliba ce a makarantun firamare da sakandare a Nová Paka . Ta ci gaba da halartar *Ƙungiyar Mata Masu Shirya Fina-* finai (Zeichenschule zu Prag) inda aka horar da ita kan sana'o'in hannu. A shekarun 1887–1889, ta yi karatu a Makarantar Zane da Zane ta Mata ta Prague a Makarantar Fasaha ta Aiwatar da Fasaha sannan (1889–1893) a wata makaranta ta musamman don zana furanni tare da Jakub Schikaneder . Ita ce mace ta farko da ta kammala karatun wannan makarantar fasaha. 

Ta zama memba na American Ladies Club. Ta yi baje kolin tare da SVU Mánes (1896–1900) da kuma tare da Krasoumná jednota da kuma Union of Fine Artists.

Ta auri Alois Bouda, farfesa a makarantar sakandare wacce daga baya ta sami matsayi a wata makarantar masana'antu a Prague. Lokacin da suka yi aure ta ƙara sunansa zuwa nata, ta zama Anna Boudová Suchardová [1] (wani lokacin ana kiransa Boudová-Suchardová kuma wani lokacin ana rubutawa Suchardová Boudová [2] ). Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu, Jaroslav (1898–1919) da Cyril Bouda (1901–1984), waɗanda dukkansu suka yi karatu a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Fine . Jaroslav Bouda ya nutse a cikin ruwa tun yana saurayi bayan kammala karatunsa. [1]

### Aiki
Jigon rayuwar Suchardová shine zane-zanen furanni marasa rai, da farko a salon Art Nouveau, sannan daga baya aka nuna su a zahiri. 

Suchardová ta fara fitowa a matsayin mai zane mai rai a bikin baje kolin Umělecká beseda (1897). Ta sami kyautar farko ta mujallar fasaha *Volné směry,* wacce ta shirya gasa don layin ado kuma ta nuna ayyukan masu fasaha masu fafatawa gefe da gefe a cikin mujallar. 

## Hotunan Hotuna
Wasu daga cikin ayyukan Suchardová an wakilta su a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha da ake amfani da su a Prague da Ƙungiyar Fasaha ta Mánes . 
Fayil:Anna_Boudová_Suchardová.jpg|alt=Bouquet in plein air. Oil on canvas.| Bouquet a cikin iska mai ƙarfi. Mai a kan zane.
Fayil:Anna_Boudová-Suchardová_-_Návrh_na_tapetu.jpg|alt=Design for wallpaper| Tsarin fuskar bangon waya
Fayil:Anna_Boudová-Suchardová_-_Podobizna_chlapce.jpg|alt=A likeness of a boy| Kamannin yaro
Fayil:Anna_Boudová-Suchardová_-_váza.jpg|alt=Vase| Gilashin fure
Fayil:Anna_Boudová-Suchardová_–_kytice.jpg| Bouquet
Fayil:Anna_Boudová-Suchardová_–_Madona_s_Ježíškem_(kolem_1900).jpg|alt=Madonna and Child Jesus (around 1900)| Madonna da Yaro Yesu (kusan 1900)


## Manazarta
Harry Davis (mai tukwane)

**Harry Clemens Davis** (20 Nuwamba 1910 - 7 Yuli 1986) ɗan ƙasar Welsh ne mai ginin tukwane na New Zealand, kuma mijin May Davis .

## Tarihin Rayuwa

An haifi Davis a Cardiff, Wales a shekarar 1910,  ɗa ɗaya tilo ga uwa ɗaya daga cikin 'yan ƙasar Switzerland kuma mahaifinta ɗan Ingila. Ya yi karatu a Switzerland da Ingila, kuma ya iya Jamusanci sosai. Bayan makaranta an tura shi Makarantar Fasaha ta Bournemouth inda aka yi wa ɗaliban da ke koyon tukwane rajista da yawa. Ba tare da tsoro ba, ya yi aiki a ɗakin tukwane bayan sa'o'i, yana fitar da manyan tukwane masu yawa waɗanda suka jawo hankalin shugaban makaranta. An tura shi zuwa Broadstone Potters, kusa da Poole, wanda Lancelot Cayley Shadwell da Mary Longbottom suka kafa a shekarar 1928.  Da farko, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai yin ado, wanda ke da alhakin jerin *"Joyous Pottery"*, amma ba da daɗewa ba ya nuna sha'awar dukkan fannoni na sana'ar. Ya zo ƙarƙashin kulawar wani Mr. Bean wanda ya koya masa ƙwarewar da ake buƙata a wurin tukwane.

Bayan rasuwar Broadstone Potters a shekarar 1933, ya nemi aiki tare da mai ginin tukwane, Bernard Leach, kuma ya ƙare yana aiki a gare shi da David Leach a Leach Pottery da ke St Ives, Cornwall . Davis ya yaba da ƙwarewar da ya samu daga Bernard Leach, musamman don inganta kyawunsa na kayan yumbu. A wannan lokacin ya shafe sa'o'i da yawa a gidajen tarihi na London, yana yin rubuce-rubuce da zane-zanen tukwane da ya ga suna da ban sha'awa.

Ya bar St Ives a shekarar 1937 don zama Shugaban Makarantar Fasaha a Kwalejin Achimota da ke bakin Tekun Gold ( Ghana ta yanzu). A nan ya duba yiwuwar ƙera tayal, tubali da tukwane. A Landan a shekarar 1938 ya auri May Davis, wacce ya haɗu da ita a Leach Pottery, kuma ta raka shi a lokacin dawowarsa Afirka. Barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ta sa May ya makale a Ingila, Harry kuma ya kasance a Afirka. Ya ci gaba da zama har zuwa 1942, yana samun hanyoyin samun yumbu da gilashi na gida. Davis ya ba da shawarar cewa Michael Cardew ya gaje shi.

## Manazarta