Stockton, California

**Stockton** birni ne, da kuma wurin zama na gundumar San Joaquin a cikin Kwarin Tsakiyar Jihar California ta Amurka .  Stockton shine birni mafi yawan jama'a a cikin gundumar, birni na 11th-mafi yawan jama'a a California kuma birni na 58 mafi yawan jama'a a Amurka . Yawan jama'ar Stockton a shekarar 2020 ya kasance 320,804. An kira shi birni na Duk-Amurka a cikin 1999, 2004, 2015, da kuma a shekaran 2017 da 2018. Birnin yana kan kogin San Joaquin a arewacin kwarin San Joaquin. Ya ta'allaka ne a kusurwar kudu maso gabas na wani babban kogi na ciki wanda ke keɓe shi daga sauran garuruwan da ke kusa kamar Sacramento da na San Francisco Bay Area .
Carlos Maria Weber ne ya kafa Stockton a cikin 1849 bayan ya mallaki Rancho Campo de los Franceses . Ana kiran birnin bayan Robert F. Stockton,  kuma ita ce al'umma ta farko a California da ke da suna ba asalin Mutanen Espanya ko Ba'amurke ba.
Gina a lokacin California Gold Rush, tashar jiragen ruwa na Stockton tana aiki azaman ƙofa zuwa Tsakiyar Tsakiya da bayanta. Ya ba da damar shiga cikin sauƙi don kasuwanci da jigilar kayayyaki zuwa ma'adinan zinariya na kudancin. Jami'ar Pacific (UOP), wacce aka yi hayar a 1851, ita ce jami'a mafi tsufa a California, kuma tana cikin Stockton tun 1923. A shekarar 2012, Stockton ta shigar da kara don abin da a lokacin shine babbar fatarar gari a tarihin Amurka. – wanda ke da dalilai da yawa, ciki har da rashin sarrafa kuɗi a cikin 1990s, fa'ida mai karimci ga ma'aikatan birni,  da rikicin kuɗi na 2008 . Stockton yayi nasarar ficewa daga fatara a watan Fabrairun 2015.

## Tarihi

Lokacin da Turawa suka fara isa yankin Stockton, Yatchicumne, reshe na Arewacin Valley Yokuts Indiyawa ne suka mamaye shi. Sun gina ƙauyukansu a kan ƙananan tudu don kiyaye gidajensu sama da ambaliyar ruwa na yau da kullun. Wani ƙauyen Yokuts mai suna Pasasimas yana kan tudu tsakanin Edison da Titin Harrison akan abin da ke yanzu tashar Stockton a cikin garin Stockton.
Hanyar Siskiyou ta fara ne a arewacin San Joaquin Valley . Tafiya ce ta ƴan asalin ƙasar Amurka ta ƙarni wanda ya bi ta kwarin Sacramento a kan Cascades zuwa Oregon na yau.
Indiyawan Miwok sun yi kamun kifi da kewayar babbar hanyar hanyoyin ruwa a ciki da wajen Stockton tsawon ƙarni. A lokacin California Gold Rush, kogin San Joaquin yana tafiya ta jiragen ruwa masu tafiya zuwa teku, yana mai da Stockton ta zama tashar jiragen ruwa na cikin teku da kuma wurin samar da kayayyaki da tashi ga masu hakar zinare masu zuwa. Daga tsakiyar karni na 19 zuwa gaba, Stockton ta zama cibiyar sufurin yankin, wanda ya fi mu'amala da kayayyakin noma.

### 19th Century

File:Stockton California circa 1860.jpg|thumb|Stockton, c. 1860]]
File:Main Street, Stockton, California, from Robert N. Dennis collection of stereoscopic views (cropped).jpg|thumb|Main Street, Stockton, c. 1870]]
File:CityofStockton1895.jpg|thumb|City of Stockton in 1895]]


### Zamanin Mexico
Carlos Maria Weber ɗan Bajamushe ne a ƙasar Amurka a shekara ta 1836. An haife shi Karl sannan Charles ya tafi Amurka, yana da lokaci a Texas . Ya zo kan ƙasa daga Missouri zuwa California tare da Bartleson-Bidwell Party a 1841 kuma ya fara tafiya ta Carlos, lokacin da ya fara aiki ga John Sutter . A 1842 Weber ya zauna a Pueblo na San José .
A matsayin baƙo, Weber ba zai iya samun tallafin ƙasa kai tsaye ba, don haka ya kafa haɗin gwiwa tare da Guillermo (William) Gulnac. An haife shi a New York, Gulnac ya auri wata mace Mexico kuma ya yi mubaya'a ga Mexico, wacce ta yi mulkin California. Ya nema a wurin Weber don Rancho Campo de los Franceses, kyautar ƙasa na lig na murabba'i 11 a gefen gabas na kogin San Joaquin.
Gulnac da Weber sun rushe haɗin gwiwa a cikin 1843. Ƙoƙarin Gulnac na daidaita Rancho Campo de los Franceses ya kasa, kuma Weber ya samu a 1845. A cikin 1846 Weber ya jawo mazaunan da yawa don gano wuri a kan rancho, lokacin da Yaƙin Mexico  da Amurka ya barke. An yi la'akari da Californio, Weber ya ba da mukamin kyaftin daga Janar José Castro na Mexico, wanda ya ƙi; daga baya, duk da haka, ya karbi mukamin kyaftin a cikin sojojin dawakai na Amurka. Shawarar da Kyaftin Weber ya yi na sauya bangarori ya rasa masa yawan amincewar da ya gina a tsakanin abokan kasuwancinsa na Mexico. A sakamakon haka, ya koma zuwa kyautar a 1847 kuma ya sayar da kasuwancinsa a San Jose a 1849.

## Manazarta