open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Mali Khan

**Haji Mali Khan** (Pashto) ɗan siyasan Taliban ne na Afghanistan, kuma tsohon kwamandan soja. Khan ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Ma'aikatan Sojoji tun daga 4 ga Maris 2022. Daga 7 ga Nuwamba 2021 zuwa 14 ga Maris 2022, ya yi aiki a matsayin gwamnan Lardin Logar. Kafin aikinsa na gwamnati, an dauke shi daya daga cikin shugabannin Cibiyar sadarwa ta Haqqani, reshe mai cin gashin kansa na Taliban.

## Rayuwa
Mali Khan dan Pashtun ne daga Ƙabilar Zadran .  'Yar'uwarsa ita ce mahaifiyar' ya'ya maza biyar na Jalaludin Haqqani  saboda haka Mali Khan kawun Sirajuddin Haqqani ne. 

Mali Khan ya kasance babban kwamandan Haqqani a Afghanistan,  wanda ke kula da ƙungiyoyin sojoji da tallafi tsakanin Gundumar Arewacin Waziristan a Pakistan da Paktia" id="mwPQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Loya Paktia">Loya Paktia (gundumomin Khost, Paktia, da Paktika na Afghanistan).   A cikin 2009-2010, Mali Khan ya kafa tushe ga mayakan Haqqani a yankunan kabilar Mangal na Lardin Paktia.  A wannan lokacin ya inganta motsi na sojojin Taliban daga Pakistan zuwa Afghanistan. Daga cikin ayyukansa yana aiki a matsayin wakilin tsakanin Baitullah Mehsud da Haqqanis. Sojojin ISAF ne suka kama shi a ranar 27 ga Satumba 2011, yayin wani hari a Gundumar Musakhel, wani sansanin cibiyar sadarwa ta Haqqani a Lardin Khost.  An sake shi a cikin musayar fursunoni a watan Nuwamba 2019.  Watanni da yawa bayan an sake shi an ruwaito shi a aiki don cibiyar sadarwa ta Haqqani, a cikin hadin gwiwar soja da kayan aiki.

Lokacin da aka sake kafa Masarautar Musulunci ta Afghanistan, bayan janyewar sojojin NATO a watan Agustan 2021, Mali Khan ya zama wani ɓangare na gwamnatin Afghanistan kuma an nada shi a matsayin gwamnan lardin Logar.

## Manazarta
Maria Martinez

## Heading text
**Maria Poveka Montoya Martinez** (  – 20 ga Yuli, 1980) ta kasance mai zane a Pueblo wacce ta ƙirƙiri tukwane da aka sani a duniya.   Martinez (an haife ta **Maria Poveka Montoya** ), mijinta Julian, da sauran 'yan uwa, ciki har da ɗanta Popovi Da, sun binciki salon tukwane na gargajiya na Pueblo da dabarunsa don ƙirƙirar abubuwa waɗanda ke nuna gadon mutanen Pueblo na kyawawan zane-zane da sana'o'i. Ayyukan Maria Martinez, musamman tukwane na baƙin ƙarfe, suna cikin tarin gidajen tarihi da yawa, ciki har da Smithsonian, Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Metropolitan, Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Denver, da ƙari. Gidan Tarihi na Penn da ke Philadelphia yana ɗauke da jiragen ruwa takwas - faranti uku da tuluna biyar - waɗanda aka sanya wa hannu ko dai "Marie" ko "Marie & Julian". 

Maria Martinez ta fito ne daga San Ildefonso Pueblo, wani gari da ke da nisan mil 20 arewa maso yamma da Santa Fe, New Mexico . Tun tana ƙarama, ta koyi dabarun tukwane daga goggonta [1] kuma ta tuna da wannan "koyo ta hanyar gani" tun tana ɗan shekara goma sha ɗaya, yayin da take kallon goggonta, kakarta, da ɗan uwan mahaifinta suna aiki a kan tukwanensu a shekarun 1890. [2] A wannan lokacin, an sami wadataccen kayan tin na Sipaniya da kayan Anglo enamel a Kudu maso Yammacin Amurka, wanda hakan ya sa ƙirƙirar tukwane na girki da hidima na gargajiya ba su da mahimmanci. [3] Dabaru na yin tukwane na gargajiya sun zama ruwan dare, amma Martinez da iyalinta sun gwada dabaru daban-daban kuma sun taimaka wajen kiyaye fasahar al'adu. [4] :62–63

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Maria Poveka Montoya a shekara    ko 1887.  An haife ta a San Ildefonso Pueblo, New Mexico ga Tomas da Reyes Pena Montoya, Maria tana da 'yan'uwa mata huɗu: Maximiliana (Ana), Juanita, Desideria, da Clara. Maria ita ce 'yar tsakiya. Goggon ta, Nicolasa, ta koyar da aikin yumbu.  Martinez da 'yan'uwanta mata huɗu sun yi tukwane, kuma ana iya ganin wasu misalan tukwanen 'yan'uwanta mata a cikin nunin.  Sunanta da aka ba ta Po've'ka a yaren Tewa yana nufin ' lily na tafkin ' ko ' lily na ruwa '.  

## Tarihi

## Manazarta
Eddie Obeng

**Edward David Asihene Obeng** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1959) ƙwararren masanin ka'idar ƙungiya ne na Burtaniya, malami, kuma marubuci, wanda ke aiki a matsayin farfesa a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Henley da Hult International Business School 's Ashridge Executive Education . Obeng ya kafa Pentacle (Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Intanet) kuma yana aiki a matsayin babban darektanta. An bayyana Obeng a hanyoyi daban-daban a matsayin "jagoran juyin juya hali" da "mai tayar da zaune tsaye"  ta Financial Times, kuma Abbey National a matsayin "makamin sirrinsu". 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Obeng a Ghana ga masanin kimiyya Letitia Obeng . Lokacin da mahaifiyarsa ta ƙaura zuwa Kenya, an tura Obeng zuwa Ingila, don kammala karatunsa, a Makarantar Cranleigh .  Ya ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin Jami'a ta London da Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Cass . &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

== Sana'a ==
Aikin kasuwancin Obeng ya fara ne a matsayin injiniya a [[Shell|Royal Dutch Shell]] kafin ya zama ƙaramin Darakta na Babban Darakta na Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Turai lokacin da ya koma Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Ashridge a shekarar 1987. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

A shekarar 1994, ya kafa Pentacle (Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Intanet) don koyar da wannan falsafar da kuma tabbatar da cewa akwai "haɗin kai tsaye tsakanin koyo da aiwatarwa". 

## manazarta
Stephen Walsh (manajan kuɗi)

**Stephen Walsh** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1944) tsohon manajan kuɗi ne ɗan Amurka wanda ya amsa laifin zamba a hannun masu hannun jari .

An kama Walsh da abokin kasuwancinsa Paul Greenwood a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 2009 saboda zargin zamba tsakanin dala miliyan 550 zuwa dala miliyan 670. Walsh babban jami'in gudanarwa ne na Westridge Capital Management Inc. kuma babban jami'in kudi na WG Trading Company,   wanda ke Greenwich, Connecticut .  An tuhume su da laifin zambatar masu zuba jari dala miliyan 554.  Tsarin, wanda ya kasance daga 1996 zuwa 2009, ya zambaci masu zuba jari,  kuma ya shafi saka hannun jari ba tare da izini ba da kuma bayar da rahoton "kudaden dawowa ba bisa ka'ida ba" ga masu zuba jari waɗanda suka kasa yin lissafin asarar.  Tsarin ya ruguje bayan rikicin kudi na 2008 da kuma binciken National Futures Association wanda ya nuna takardun shaida da Greenwood da Walsh suka yi amfani da su don yin lissafin asara da cire kudi.  Daga 1991 zuwa 2003, Walsh yana da hannun jari na tsiraru a cikin kungiyar wasan hockey ta New York Islanders .   Walsh ya zauna a Sands Point a Long Island . 

A watan Afrilun 2014, Walsh ya amsa laifinsa a Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta Gundumar Kudancin New York da zamba ta hanyar amfani da takardun shaida, inda ya amsa laifin da aka yi wa masu zuba jari na kamfaninsa.  Bayan da Alkali Miriam Goldman Cedarbaum ta nuna cewa tana tunanin ko za ta yanke hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 20 a gidan yari, Walsh ya yi la'akari da janye ikirarin laifinsa, amma daga ƙarshe ya zaɓi kada ya yi hakan. Daga baya a shekarar 2014, Cedarbaum ta yanke wa Walsh hukuncin shekaru 20; Cedarbaum, wacce a baya ta kamu da bugun jini, ta yi kuskuren yarda cewa masu zuba jari ba su sami cikakkiyar lafiya ba saboda asarar da suka yi. A ranar 8 ga Mayu, 2019, Alkali Loretta Preska ta rage hukuncin Walsh da shekaru 15, inda ta ba shi damar sakinsa nan take, bisa ga bincikenta cewa Walsh ya sami taimakon lauya mara inganci .

## Manazarta
Mehrullah Hamad

**Mullah Mehrullah Hamad** (ملا ماری الله حماد) shi ne shugaban soja na Taliban a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin kwamandan 205 Al-Badr Corps tun daga 4 ga Oktoba 2021.  

## Manazarta
Eddie Peng

**Edward Peng Yu-Yan** ( Chinese       ; an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Maris 1982) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Taiwan, mawaƙi kuma mai tallan kayan kawa. Ya fi shahara da fitowa a fina-finan *Hear Me* (2009), *Unbeatable* (2013), *Fleet of Time* (2014), *Operation Mekong* (2016), *Duckweed* (2017), *Wu Kong* (2017), da *Hidden Man* (2018). A shekarar 2024, Peng ya fito a cikin fim *ɗin Black Dog*, wanda ya fara fitowa a bikin fina-finai na Cannes na 77 kuma ya lashe kyautar *Un Certain Regard* . 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Peng a Penghu, Taiwan. Ya kuma koma Vancouver, British Columbia, Kanada yana da shekaru goma sha uku. A shekara ta 2000, ya kammala karatunsa a Makarantar Sakandare ta Sir Winston Churchill .  Daga baya, an shigar da shi Jami'ar British Columbia kuma ya yi karatun tattalin arziki, amma daga baya ya daina zuwa ya fara aikin wasan kwaikwayo.

## Sana'a
Peng ya fara aikinsa ne lokacin da darakta Yang Daqing ya fito a matsayin jarumi a *shirin Tomorrow* a lokacin hutun bazara a Taiwan. An dai-daita wasan kwaikwayon ne daga shirin manga na Japan *mai suna Asunaro Hakusho*, wanda Fumi Saimon ya rubuta.  Peng ya gina wani matashi mai goyon bayan fim bayan barkwancin soyayya ya samu karbuwa.  A shekara ta 2003, ya fara taka rawarsa ta farko a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Taiwan *mai suna Scent of Love*, wanda ke ba da labarin masoya biyu masu taurari waɗanda suka wuce rayuwa da mutuwa don samun juna a cikin sake zagayowar rayuwarsu. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

A shekara ta 2005, ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na gumaka ''When Dolphin Met Cat'', inda ya nuna wani matashi mai fama da autism. Domin shirya kansa don yin fim ɗin, Peng ya ɗauki wata ɗaya kafin ya koyi yadda ake mu'amala da dolphins daga wani malami mai horo.  Daga nan ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Xianxia na kasar Sin ''na Chinese Paladin'' da wasan kwaikwayo na wuxia ''The Young Warriors'', waɗanda suka shahara sosai a lokacin tserensu kuma suka haifar da ƙarin yabo a gare shi a Babban Ƙasar. 

Bayan haka, Peng ya fara fitowa a babban fim ɗinsa a fim ɗin ''Exit No.6'' (2006), wanda Yu-Hsien Lin ya bada umarni. <sup>&#x5B; **' &#x5D; Fim ɗin ya sanya shi a sahun gaba a cikin manyan daraktocin fina-finai da dama, ciki har da Tsui Hark wanda ya fito a cikin barkwancin soyayyarsa na 2008, *[[All About Women]]* .  A shekara ta 2007, an zaɓi Peng a matsayin Mafi Kyawun Sabon Jarumi a bikin Fina-finan Doki na Golden Horse da Kyauta saboda rawar da ya taka a cikin *fim ɗin My DNA Says I Love You* . 

## manazarta
Abdul Latif Mansour

**[[Mullah]] Abdul Latif Mansour** (Pashto; an haife shi a shekara ta 1968) ɗan siyasa ne a Afghanistan . A halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin mukaddashin Ministan Makamashi da Ruwa, matsayin da ya rike tun daga 7 ga Satumba 2021. An dauke shi babban shugaban kungiyar addinin Taliban. 

Mansour a baya ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar tattaunawa a Ofishin Qatar. Ya taba aiki a matsayin Ministan Aikin Gona, memba na Majalisar Koli ta Taliban, kwamandan a gabashin Afghanistan, kuma gwamnan inuwa na Lardin Nangarhar a lokacin mulkin Musulunci na Afghanistan (1996-2001). 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Mansour a shekarar 1968 a Gundumar Gerda Serai, Lardin Paktia . Shi dan uwan Kwamandan Nasrullah Mansoor ne kuma na kabilar Ghilzai na Pashtun ne. Ya shafe mafi yawan rayuwarsa a Pakistan, inda ya kammala karatunsa na Islama a Darul Uloom Haqqania a Akora Khattak, Lardin Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. 

## Dubi kuma
* Amir Khan Muttaqi
* Din Mohammad Hanif

## Manazarta
Maria Ramita Martinez

**Maria Ramita Simbolo Martinez** **"Girbin Lokacin Rani"** (1884 - Oktoba 1969) ma'aikaciyar tukwane ce ta Picuris Pueblo . Martinez ta koyi hanyoyin gargajiya na ƙirƙirar tukwane kuma an san ta da kiyaye al'adar al'adun Picuris Pueblo. Martinez ta yi aiki tare da mijinta, Juan José Martinez, wanda ya yi mata ado da tukwanenta da aka gama.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Martinez a Picuris Pueblo a shekarar 1884 ga dangin Simbola. [1] Ta koyi yin tukwane ta hanyar kallon mahaifiyarta, Solidad Simbola, tana yin nata. [1] A cikin pueblo, an san ta da "Harvest Summer." [2] Ta auri Juan José Martinez, kuma ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya shida tare. [2] Ita da mijinta sun yi aiki tare a kan tukwanen da ta ƙera kuma suka sayar da kayayyakinsu tare daga bayan keken shanu . [1]

Martinez ta mutu a watan Oktoban 1969 kuma an binne ta a Picuris.  Wani abin tarihi a New Mexico ya bayyana gudunmawarta wajen kiyaye hanyoyin tukwane na gargajiya. 

## Aiki
Martinez ta tattara yumbu daga tsaunuka a wajen Picuris.  Martinez ta yi amfani da hanyoyin gargajiya don yin aiki a kan tukwanenta waɗanda galibi launinsu ja-launin ruwan kasa ne kuma suna da walƙiya daga mica a cikin yumbu.  Ta tsara tukwane sannan mijinta, Juan José Martinez, ya yi musu ado kafin ya yi harbi . 

Ayyukan Martinez wani ɓangare ne na tarin Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha da Al'adu na Indiya  da kuma Tarin Leonard D. Hollister a Jami'ar Massachusetts Amherst . 

## Manazarta
Jim McDowell (mai zane-zane)

**Jim McDowell,** an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Satumba, 1945, ƙwararren mai zane ne na yumbu wanda ke zaune a Weaverville, North Carolina, wanda ke yin tukwanen fuska da tukwane masu amfani.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi McDowell a Norfolk, Virginia, kuma ya girma a Washington, DC. Mahaifinsa James T. McDowell, wanda iyalinsa suka kira shi "Ol'Pa", yana aiki a rundunar sojojin ruwa kuma ƙwararren mai zane ne. 

Babban Goggon McDowell Evangeline, wacce ta yi shekaru huɗu tana aiki a matsayin mai ginin tukwane a Jamaica, ta yi aikin tukwane na fuska. Tun tana saurayi, Jim McDowell ya ji mahaifinsa da kakansa, Boyce McDowell, suna magana game da ita a wani jana'izar iyali. Sun bayyana cewa ba a bai wa bayi duwatsun kabari, don haka wani lokacin ana yin kwalbar fuska don yin alama a matsayin alamar kabari. 

McDowell ya yi aiki a wani ma'adinan kwal a Pennsylvania kafin ya shiga Rundunar Sojan Amurka . Bayan haka, ya koma Pennsylvania ya ci gaba da aiki a ma'adinan. Ta amfani da cikakken albashi, ya sayi ƙafafun tukwane da kuma fam dubu na yumbu. 

## Ilimi
McDowell ya yi karatun fasaha a Kwalejin Mount Aloysius kuma ya ɗauki azuzuwan sassaka a Jami'ar Virginia Commonwealth . A matsayinsa na mai tukwane, galibi yana koyar da kansa. A lokacin da yake cikin rundunar sojoji da ke Ansbach, Jamus a shekarun 1960, yana da aikin ɗan lokaci a shagon sana'a na tushe wanda ke da ƙafafun tukwane. Da yake babu wanda ke sansanin da zai koya masa, McDowell ya sami ƙungiyar masu tukwane na Jamus a Nuremberg. Duk da cewa ba ya jin Jamusanci sosai, ya bayyana cewa yana son koyon jefa tukwane. Da farko sun ce masa a'a. Ya dage kuma aka ba shi tsintsiya. Bayan share ƙasa a kowace Asabar na wasu ƙarshen mako, ɗaya daga cikin masu tukwane na Jamus ya koya masa wasu ƙwarewa na asali a kan tukwane. [1] Daga baya ya shiga wani bita tare da mai tukwane David Robinson a Weare, New Hampshire. Ya kuma yi karatu kuma ya yi aiki tare da masu tukwane na yumbu Jack Troy, Kevin Crowe, David Hovland, David Shaner, da Charles Counts. [2]

## Manazarta
Attaullah Omari

**[[Mawlawi|Maulvi]] Attaullah Omari** ɗan siyasan Taliban ne kuma kwamandan soja na Afghanistan wanda ke aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Ministan Fasaha da Daidaitawa a Ma'aikatar Tsaro tun daga 4 ga Maris 2022. Omari ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Ministan Noma, Ruwa da Dabbobi daga 23 ga Satumba 2021 zuwa 4 ga Maris 2022  kuma kwamandan Al-Fatah Corps daga 4 ga Oktoba 2021 4 ga Maris 2022.

## Manazarta
Henry Neave

**Henry Neave** ɗan Birtaniya ne mai ra'ayin kasuwanci, mai ba da shawara kan harkokin gudanarwa, masanin kididdiga, kuma marubuci. Yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu goyon bayan falsafar W. Edwards Deming, wanda suka kasance aboki kuma abokin aiki na kud da kud tare. 

Neave ya sami digirin digirgir daga Jami'ar Nottingham, kuma Sir Clive Granger ne ke kula da shi.  Ya yi lacca a makarantarsa ta jami'a daga 1963 zuwa 1996, daga baya kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Farfesa W. Edwards Deming na Jagoranci da Gudanarwa a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Jami'ar Nottingham Trent har zuwa lokacin da ya yi ritaya a ƙarshen 2004. 

A shekarar 1985, Deming ya nemi Neave ya taimaka masa a taron karawa juna sani na kwanaki hudu da ya gudanar a Landan, wanda shi ne karo na farko da ya yi a Birtaniya. Neave zai ci gaba da taimaka wa Deming a waɗannan tarurrukan karawa juna sani a kowace shekara har zuwa mutuwar Deming a shekarar 1993. 

A shekarar 1987, Neave ya kafa Ƙungiyar Deming ta Burtaniya,  kuma bayan shekaru uku aka fara buga littafinsa mai suna *The Deming Dimension*, wanda aka ɗauke shi a matsayin tattaunawa bayyananne game da falsafar Deming  kuma wanda Deming da kansa ya rubuta gabatarwar. Kafin aikin Deming na ƙarshe, *The New Economics for Industry, Government, Education*, shine aikin da aka buga na farko da ya yi nuni ga Tsarin Ilimi Mai Zurfi na Deming.

A shekara ta 2001, Neave ya sami lambar yabo ta Deming Medal ta Ƙungiyar Masana'antu ta Amurka .  An ba da wannan lambar yabo "Saboda sadaukarwarsa ga sabuwar falsafa da kuma jajircewarsa na dogon lokaci ga sauyi ta hanyar koyarwa da taimaka wa ƙungiyoyi su yi amfani da ƙa'idodin gudanarwa na Deming." 

Bayan da Neave ya yi ritaya, buƙatar horo da ba da shawara ya ci gaba, saboda iyawarsa ta bayyana ayyukan Deming da kuma ba mutane damar fahimtar yadda ake amfani da wannan ilimin. Don biyan wannan buƙata Neave ya ƙirƙiri kwas ɗin koyon aiki na kwanaki 12 na Deming. Neave ya yi wannan kwas ɗin kyauta gaba ɗaya kuma dubban ɗalibai a faɗin duniya sun yi amfani da shi; kayan sun ƙirƙiri al'ummomin ɗalibai da ke koyon Deming ciki har da a Ostiraliya, Indiya da Mexico.

## manazarta
Christine McHorse

## Heading text
**Christine McHorse** (Disamba 21, 1948 - Fabrairu 17, 2021), wacce aka fi sani da **Christine Nofchissey McHorse**, ƙwararriyar mai zane ce ta zane-zanen Navajo ce daga Santa Fe, New Mexico . 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Christine Nofchissey a ranar 21 ga Disamba, 1949, a Morenci, Arizona, kuma ita ce ta biyar cikin 'ya'ya tara na Mark da Ethel Yazzie Nofchissey.   McHorse ta rayu ba tare da an yi mata rajista ba a lokacin yarintarta amma ta yi lokacin bazara a Fluted Rock, Arizona, tana kiwon tumaki kuma tana koyo game da tarihin Navajo daga kakarta, Zonith Bahe.   

A lokacin da take da shekaru 14, an gabatar da McHorse ga ayyukan Picasso, Gaudi da Matisse a makarantar kwana ta, kuma ta ce waɗannan masu fasaha "sun buɗe mana sabuwar duniya" (tana nufin kanta da 'yan'uwa mata tsofaffi waɗanda suma ke halartar makarantar). 

Daga 1963 zuwa 1968, ta yi karatu a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Indiya ta Amurka (IAIA) da ke Santa Fe, New Mexico, lokacin da makarantar sakandare ce ta fasaha a harabar Makarantar Indiya ta Santa Fe . Da farko tana da niyyar yin karatun busar da gilashi, maimakon haka ta zaɓi yin tukwane lokacin da aka daina aikin busar da gilashi a shekarar da ta isa, tana karatu tare da Ralph Pardington (yumbu), Charles Loloma (kayan ado), Allan Houser (fasahar gini) da Fritz Scholder (zane). [1] Ta haɗu da mijinta na gaba Joel P. McHorse a IAIA kuma kakarsa, Lena Archuleta ta Taos Pueblo, ta rinjaye ta don fara aiki da tukwane. [2] [3]

Archuleta ta zaburar da McHorse wajen amfani da yumbu mai sheƙi wanda ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a yankin Taos, kuma McHorse ta ci gaba da amfani da wannan yumbu a cikin aikinta. 

## Manazarta
Peter Naur

**Peter Naur** (25 Oktoba 1928 - 3 Janairu 2016)  ya kasance ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta ɗan ƙasar Denmark kuma ya lashe kyautar Turing Award ta 2005. Ana tunawa da shi sosai a matsayin wanda ya ba da gudummawa, tare da John Backus, ga rubutun Backus–Naur (BNF) da aka yi amfani da shi wajen bayyana tsarin da yawancin harsunan shirye-shirye ke amfani da shi. Ya kuma ba da gudummawa wajen ƙirƙirar harshen ALGOL 60 .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Naur ya fara aikinsa a matsayin masanin ilmin taurari wanda ya sami digirin digirgir na Falsafa (Ph.D.) a shekarar 1957, amma haduwarsa da kwamfutoci ya haifar da canjin sana'a. Daga 1959 zuwa 1969, ya yi aiki a Regnecentralen, kamfanin kwamfuta na Denmark, yayin da a lokaci guda yake ba da lacca a Cibiyar Niels Bohr da Jami'ar Fasaha ta Denmark . Daga 1969 zuwa 1998, Naur farfesa ne a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta a Jami'ar Copenhagen .

Ya kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Aiki ta Duniya ta IFIP (IFIP) 2.1 akan Harsunan Algorithmic da Calculi,  wanda ya ƙayyade, tallafawa, da kuma kula da harsunan ALGOL 60 da ALGOL 68.  Tsakanin shekarun 1960 da 1993 ya kasance memba na kwamitin edita na *BIT Numerical Lissafi*, wani mujalla da ta mayar da hankali kan nazarin lambobi . 

Manyan fannoni na binciken Naur sun haɗa da ƙira, tsari, da kuma aiwatar da shirye-shiryen kwamfuta da algorithms . Ya kuma yi fice a fannin injiniyan software da tsarin software . A cikin littafinsa *Computing: A Human Activity* (1992), wanda tarin gudummawarsa ga kimiyyar kwamfuta ne, ya ƙi makarantar shirye-shirye ta hukuma wacce ke ɗaukar shirye-shirye a matsayin reshe na lissafi . Bai so a haɗa shi da tsarin Backus-Naur ba (wanda Donald Knuth ya danganta masa) kuma ya ce zai fi son a kira shi *tsarin Backus na yau da kullun* .

Naur bai so kalmar *kimiyyar kwamfuta* ba kuma ya ba da shawarar a kira ta da *ilimin bayanai* ko *[[Data science|kimiyyar bayanai]]* . An yi amfani da kalmar farko a Denmark da Sweden a matsayin *bayanan bayanai*, yayin da ake amfani da kalmar ta ƙarshe yanzu don nazarin bayanai, gami da ƙididdiga da bayanan bayanai.

## manazarta
Charles Loloma

**Charles Sequevya Loloma** (Janairu 7, 1921 — Yuni 9, 1991) wani ɗan asalin ƙasar Amurka ne mai fasaha wanda aka san shi da kayan adonsa. Ya kuma yi aiki a fannin tukwane, zane da kuma tukwane.

Wani mai yin kayan ado na 'yan asalin Amurka mai tasiri sosai a ƙarni na 20,  Loloma ya shahara da amfani da zinare da duwatsu masu daraja waɗanda ba a taɓa amfani da su a cikin kayan ado na Hopi ba.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haife shi kusa da Hotelevilla, Hopi Third Mesa, ga Rex Loloma da Rachel Kuyiyesva Loloma, ga dangin Badger (kabilar mahaifiyarsa). [1] Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Phoenix Indian da ke Arizona inda ya fara aikinsa na fasaha a matsayin mai zane-zane da mai zane lokacin da Fred Kabotie ya roƙe shi da ya taimaka wajen kwafi zane-zane daga wurin Awatovi a wurin ajiyar Hopi don Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani na New York. Daga baya Loloma ya yi aiki tare da Kabotie da René d'Harnoncourt kan zane-zane a cikin Ginin Tarayya a Tsibirin Treasure a San Francisco Bay don bikin baje kolin Golden Gate International Exposition a 1939. [2]

Charles ya auri Otellie Pasiyava, wani mai tukwane na Hopi daga Second Mesa, Arizona .  Ya yi aiki a rundunar sojojin Amurka daga 1942 zuwa 1945  tare da Injiniyoyin Sojoji na 331. Ya yi aiki a Tsibirin Aleutian . A shekarar 1947, godiya ga Dokar GI, da kuma bisa shawarar kwamishinan Indiya William H. Beatty, Loloma ya halarci Makarantar Jami'ar Alfred don Masu Sana'o'in Amurka a Alfred, New York. A can, shi da matarsa Otellie dukkansu sun sami takardar shaidar tukwane, wanda aka gabatar a ranar 15 ga Agusta, 1949. A cikin shirin, Lolomas sun koyi yadda ake yin gaurayawan yumbu mai ƙarfi tare da hanyoyin zamani na ƙirƙira da harba kayan aiki, gami da gilashi. Manufar Loloma ita ce kawo wa mutanen Hopi waɗannan dabarun don su ƙara dogaro da kansu. 

## Sana'a
A shekarar 1954, Loloma ya buɗe shagon sayar da tukwane a Scottsdale, Arizona . Ya sanya wa layinsa na tukwane suna Lolomaware. 

Duk da cewa ƙwararren mai yin tukwane ne kuma mai zane, Loloma ya sami sha'awarsa ta gaske wajen yin kayan ado. Wasu daga cikin zane-zanen Loloma sun samo asali ne daga tasirin da ba na 'yan asalin ƙasar ba suka yi masa. Wannan ya kawo hukunci mai tsauri ga fasaharsa daga masu tattarawa. Sharhin da aka yi game da fasaharsa sun haɗa da, "Yana da kyau amma ba na Indiya ba ne." An ƙi aikin Loloma daga bikin Gallup Inter-Tribal Ceremonial sau uku. 

## Manazarta

* Bedinger, Margery. *Azurfa ta Indiya: Masu Kayan Ado na Navajo da Pueblo.* Albuquerque: Jami'ar New Mexico Press, 1973. ISBN&nbsp; .
* Cirillo, Dexter. *Kayan Ado na Kudu maso Yammacin Indiya.* New York: Rizzoli, 2008. ISBN&nbsp; .
* Sarki, Dale S. *Azurfa ta Indiya: Juzu'i na Biyu.* Tucson, Arizona: Dale Stuart King, 1976. ASIN B00117VZ2S.
Michael Scott (Ofishin)

**Michael Gary Scott** wani hali ne na almara a cikin shirin talabijin na NBC mai suna *The Office*, wanda Steve Carell ya nuna. Michael shine manajan yanki na kamfanin Dunder Mifflin, reshen Scranton, Pennsylvania, a mafi yawan shirye-shiryen. Kamar takwaransa a cikin ainihin sigar shirin na Burtaniya, David Brent, ana siffanta shi a matsayin shugaba mara ƙwarewa, mara amfani, kuma mara ƙwarewa, kodayake ana nuna shi a matsayin mai tausayi kuma a wasu lokutan ana nuna shi yana da tasiri a aikinsa a cikin muhimman lokutan.

A ƙarshen kakar wasa ta bakwai, ya auri wakiliyar kula da albarkatun ɗan adam Holly Flax kuma ya ƙaura zuwa Colorado tare da ita a cikin shirin " Bakomai, Michael ", wani shiri mai tsawo. Daga nan ba ya cikin jerin shirye-shiryen har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa.

Carell ya sami yabo mai yawa saboda rawar da ya taka. An zaɓe shi sau shida a jere don kyautar Primetime Emmy Award don Fitaccen Jarumi a cikin jerin barkwanci, kuma ya lashe kyautar Golden Globe Award don Mafi Kyawun Jarumi - Shirin Talabijin (Music ko Barkwanci) a 2006. 

## Jerin 'yan wasa
An daidaita dukkan haruffan jerin shirye-shiryen na asali don sigar Amurka. Mai shirya shirye-shiryen NBC Tracy McLaughlin ta ba da shawarar Paul Giamatti ga furodusa Ben Silverman don matsayin Michael Scott, amma jarumin ya ƙi. An kuma ruwaito cewa Martin Short, Hank Azaria, da Bob Odenkirk suna da sha'awar, tare da gwajin Odenkirk.  Silverman ya ba da shawarar ga Ricky Gervais, wanda ya taka rawar David Brent a sigar Burtaniya, amma ya ƙi saboda yana ganin hakan bai yi ma'ana ba kuma baya son komawa Amurka.  A watan Janairun 2004, *Variety* ta ba da rahoton cewa Steve Carell na shahararren shirin Comedy Central *The Daily Show tare da Jon Stewart* yana tattaunawa kan rawar. A lokacin, ya riga ya sadaukar da kansa ga wani barkwanci na tsakiyar kakar wasa na NBC, *Come to Papa* . 

Ganin cewa babu Carell, an zaɓi Odenkirk a matsayin Michael Scott kuma yana cikin 'yan wasan da aka gabatar wa shugabannin NBC.  Paul Rudd ya shawarci Carell cewa sigar Amurka ta *The Office* ba za ta taɓa yin kyau kamar sigar Burtaniya ba.  Duk da haka, an soke *Come to Papa* da sauri, wanda ya ba Carell damar yin alƙawarin shiga *The Office* . Odenkirk ya ci gaba da fitowa a cikin jerin a matsayin manajan ofis kamar Scott. Daga baya Carell ya ce ya ga kusan rabin shirin gwaji na farko na jerin shirye-shiryen Burtaniya kafin ya yi gwaji, kuma bai ci gaba da kallo ba saboda tsoron cewa zai fara kwafi halayen Gervais. A kan sharhin sauti na shirin gwaji, darakta Ken Kwapis ya ce rashin sanin Carell da sigar Burtaniya ta *The Office* da gogewarsu tare a *Watching Ellie* ya shafi yadda aka zaɓe shi a matsayin Scott. 

Naur bai so kalmar *kimiyyar kwamfuta* ba kuma ya ba da shawarar a kira ta da *ilimin bayanai* ko *[[Data science|kimiyyar bayanai]]* . An yi amfani da kalmar farko a Denmark da Sweden a matsayin *bayanan bayanai*, yayin da ake amfani da kalmar ta ƙarshe yanzu don nazarin bayanai, gami da ƙididdiga da bayanan bayanai.

## manazarta
Gareth Morgan (baseball)

**Gareth Broderick Morgan** (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Afrilu, 1996) ɗan ƙasar Kanada ne tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon baseball .

## Sana'a

### 5Mai son sha'awa
An haife shi kuma ya girma a Toronto, Ontario, Morgan ya kuma buga wasa a ƙungiyar matasa ta ƙasar Kanada, inda ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙarami da ya yi hakan, yayin da ya shiga ƙungiyar yana da shekaru 14.   

Morgan ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙarami da ya shiga gasar Under Armour All-American Game wadda Baseball Factory ke jagoranta a shekarar 2011 kuma ɗan ƙasar Kanada na farko da ya buga a gasar Perfect Game All-American Game. An buga wasan na 2013 a Petco Park da ke San Diego, California .  

Morgan ya fara horo tare da tsohon ɗan tseren Olympics Ben Johnson a shekarar 2013. 

### Ma'aikatan Jirgin Ruwa na Seattle
An zaɓi Morgan a matsayin wanda aka zaɓa a gasar ƙwallon baseball ta Seattle Mariners, inda ya kasance na 74 a jerin 'yan wasan da aka zaɓa a gasar Major League Baseball ta 2014.  Ya sanya hannu da Seattle kuma an tura shi zuwa ga ƙungiyar masu fara wasa ta Arizona League Mariners inda ya yi bugun .148 da bugun gida biyu da bugun RBI 12 a wasanni 45. Morgan ya koma Mariners a 2015 kuma ya sami matsakaicin bugun .225 da bugun gida biyar da bugun RBI 30 a wasanni 55.

A shekarar 2016, Morgan ya buga wasanni 38 tsakanin AZL Mariners da Bakersfield Blaze, inda ya samu jimillar matsakaicin .232 tare da bugun gida ɗaya da kuma bugun RBI 15. Ya shafe dukkan shekarar 2017 tare da Clinton LumberKings inda ya yi bugun .230 tare da bugun gida mafi girma 17 da kuma bugun RBI 61 tare da bugun .743.  Kungiyar Mariners ta sake shi a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 2019.

## manazarta
Andronikos Paikos

**Andronikos Paikos** (Girkanci: , 1796 ko 1799 - 1879) ya kasance mayaƙan Makidoniya na Juyin Juya Halin Girka na 1821, farfesa a jami'a, ɗan siyasa, wakilin majalisun ƙasa biyu, kuma minista a gwamnatoci uku.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Paikos a Thessaloniki a cikin shekara ta 1796 ko 1799, zuriyar iyali mai arziki. A lokacin barkewar Yakin Independence na Girka a 1821, yana karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Padua . Nan da nan ya tara duk wani kudade da zai iya, ya sayi bindigogi da harsashi, ya hayar jirgin ruwa kuma ya tashi zuwa Girka, ya isa Kalamata a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1821. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ya shiga cikin yaƙe-yaƙe da yawa na Yakin Independence, an inganta shi zuwa matsayin kyaftin. Bayan isowar Ioannis Kapodistrias a matsayin Gwamna na farko na Girka mai zaman kanta, ya tafi don kammala karatunsa a Yammacin Turai.

An zabe shi a matsayin wakilin Majalisar Dokoki ta Biyar a Nafplion a 1832, amma ya koma Girka ne kawai a 1833. Ya sami amincewa da girmamawa daga Sarki Otto, wanda ya nada shi Ministan Shari'a a cikin majalisar ministocin Ignaz von Rudhart a 1837 kuma a cikin majalisar Otto a wannan shekarar, inda ya kuma rike mukamin Ministan Harkokin Waje. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai gabatar da kara a Kotun Kashewa .

An zabe shi a matsayin wakilin Majalisar Dokoki ta farko ta 1843 kuma daga baya ya sake zama Ministan Harkokin Waje a cikin majalisar Antonios Kriezis, yana aiki daga 1851 zuwa 1854. Ya mutu a Athens a ranar 22 ga Janairu, 1880. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Manazarta
Halil Rifat Pasha

***Halil Rıfat Pasha*** (Ottoman_Turkish_language" id="mwCw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ottoman Turkish language" typeof="mw:Transclusion">Ottoman Turkish: خلیل رفعت پاشا) (Tushen zamani: Halil Rıfat Paşa; 1820-9 Nuwamba 1901) ya kasance dan majalisa kuma ɗan siyasa na Ottoman a lokacin Tsarin Mulki na Farko . Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Grand Vizier na tsawon shekaru shida tsakanin 1895 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1901, a lokacin marigayi Abdul Hamid II.

An haife shi a Serres (Serez) kuma ya sami ilimi a makarantar Ikklisiya ta Islama a Selaniik (Thessaloniki), sannan ya ci gaba zuwa Mekteb-i Mülkiye a Constantinople .

## Rayuwa da aiki
Bayan shekarunsa na ilimi, ya Sa'a aiki a matsayin magatakarda a Vidin, sannan ya yi aiki a matsayin sakatare a ofishin Gwamnan Salonika. Ya ci gaba da digiri kuma an nada shi zuwa matsayi mafi girma ta hanyar wucewar lokaci, gami da Rustchuk. A shekara ta 1882 an nada shi a matsayin mutasarrıf na Vidin, sannan a shekara ta 1886 an nada shi gwamna na Sivas, inda ya fara shirin gina hanya. Daga baya aka nada shi gwamna na Aidin (1889) kuma daga baya na Monastir, inda ya yi yaƙi da rukunin 'yan fashi wanda ya zama ruwan dare a lardin. An nada shi a matsayin Ministan harkokin cikin gida a shekara ta 1893. Daga nan aka nada shi a matsayin babban vizier a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1895. Abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci a zamaninsa a matsayin babban vizier sune tashin hankali na Sason (a shekara ta 1895) da kuma a tsibirin Karita (a shekara de 1897), da kuma Yaƙin Girka da Turkiyya na 1897 wanda ya ƙare da nasarar Ottoman.

## Abubuwan da ba su da muhimmanci
Taken sa a cikin yakin gina hanya shine "Duk wani wuri da ba za ku iya zuwa ba naka ba ne" (Turkish).

## Duba Kuma
* List of Ottoman grand viziers
* Hamidian massacres

## Manazarta
 

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
*Abdulhamid II Era
*Halil Rifat Pasha as the minister of internal affairs
*An educational website that contains information about Halil Rifat Pasha
* Halil Rifat Paşa (biography in Turkish in pdf format - abstract also in English) Sivas Cumhuriyet University
Qari Baryal

**Qari Baryal** (قاری بریال) shi ne shugaban soja na Taliban kuma Gwamna na yanzu na Kapisa tun daga 27 ga Nuwamba 2023.  Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Ma'aikatan 313 Central Corps daga 4 ga Oktoba 2021 zuwa 6 ga Disamba 2021 da Gwamnan Kabul zuwa 27 ga Nuwamba 2023 . 

## Manazarta
Otellie Loloma

## Heading text
**Otellie Loloma** (Disamba 30, 1921 — Janairu 30, 1993) ƙwararriyar mai fasaha ce ta Hopi ' yar asalin Amurka, wacce ta ƙware a fannin tukwane da rawa. Bugu da ƙari, ta yi aiki tare da mijinta Charles Loloma kan ƙirar kayan ado.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Otellie Pasiyava a wani wurin ajiye kayan tarihi na Hopi a Second Mesa, Arizona, kuma ta yi karatu a makarantun da Ofishin Harkokin Indiya ke gudanarwa. Ta yi abubuwan yumbu tun tana ƙarama, amma ta fara horo a fannin tukwane tun tana da shekaru 23, lokacin da aka gayyace ta don yin karatu a Makarantar Ƙwararrun Ma'aikatan Fasaha ta Amurka a Jami'ar Alfred .  Ta kuma halarci Jami'ar Arewacin Arizona da Kwalejin Santa Fe . 

## Sana'a
Otellie Loloma tana gudanar da shago a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kiva da ke Scottsdale, Arizona tare da mijinta a shekarun 1950. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin malamai na farko da aka ɗauka aiki don Aikin Fasaha na Kudancin Indiya a Tucson, Arizona, wata cibiyar bazara da Gidauniyar Rockefeller ta ba da kuɗi a tsakanin 1960 zuwa 1961.  

Ta shiga sashen koyar da fasahar zane-zane ta Indiyawan Amurka da ke Santa Fe, New Mexico, lokacin da aka buɗe ta a shekarar 1962, matsayin da ta riƙe har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 1988. Ɗaya daga cikin ɗalibanta da suka shahara ita ce mai yin tukwane Robert Tenorio ( Kewa Pueblo ).  A shekarar 1991, an karrama ta da lambar yabo ta Mata ta Caucus for Art Lifetime Achievement Award . 

Baya ga ƙwarewarta a fannin tukwane, Loloma ta koyar da rawa ta 'yan asalin Amurka tare da abokiyar aikinta Josephine Myers-Wapp ( Comanche ); sun yi wasa a Fadar White House da kuma a Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1968 tare da ɗalibansu. A shekarar 1970, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata biyu daga cikin mawaka takwas daban-daban da aka nuna a cikin wani shirin gaskiya na ABC, "With These Hands: The Rebirth of the American Craftsman," tare da Paul Soldner, Peter Voulkos, Dorian Zachai (ɗayan mai zane), Clayton Bailey, James Tanner, Harry Nohr, da JB Blunk . [1] [2]

## Manazarta
Christos Sartzetakis

**Christos Sartzetakis** (Girkanci; 6 ga Afrilu 1929 - 3 ga Fabrairu 2022) ya kasance lauyan Girka kuma babban alƙali na Kotun Kashewa, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Girka daga 1985 zuwa 1990.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Sartzetakis a Neapoli, Thessaloniki, a ranar 6 ga Afrilu 1929.  Mahaifinsa, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in 'yan sanda a Thessaloniki, ɗan Crete ne wanda aka haifa a Kandanos, Chania, kuma mahaifiyarsa 'yar Girka ce ta Makidoniya da aka haifa da Sklithro, Florina.

Ya sami digiri a fannin shari'a daga Jami'ar Aristotle ta Thessaloniki .

## Ayyukan shari'a
Sartzetakis ya shiga aikin shari'a a shekarar 1955,  ya zama Mai Shari'a na Zaman Lafiya a Kleisoura, Kastoria, kuma a 1963, ya yi aiki a matsayin Alkalin Kotun Farko na Thessaloniki.

### Kashe Grigoris Lambrakis da kuma ɗaurin kurkuku ta junta
A ranar 27 ga Mayu 1963, dan majalisa na hagu Grigoris Lambrakis ya mutu kwana hudu bayan an doke shi. Lauyan Kotun Koli ta Girka Constantine Kollias ya kira Sartzetakis don ci gaba da binciken, yayin da aka tura karar zuwa Kotun Farko ta Thessaloniki. A watan Maris na shekara ta 1964, ya aika da wasika ga Ministan Shari'a Polychronidis inda ya zargi 'yan sanda da Jiha da alhakin kisan. Tare da mai gabatar da kara Stylianos Boutis, ya ba da umarnin tsare jami'ai huɗu.

An fara shari'ar ne a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 1966 kuma ta dauki kwanaki 67 a Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta Thessaloniki . Sarzetakis da mai gabatar da kara Pavlos Dellaportas sun kasance a karkashin matsin lamba don rufe shari'ar da sauri ba tare da ci gaba da binciken ba.[1] Watanni biyu bayan haka, an sanar da hukuncin inda aka wanke masu tuhuma 21 da dukkan jami'ai, don haka sun ki amincewa da shawarar mai gabatar da kara. Mutane biyu ne kawai aka yanke musu hukunci a matsayin masu aikata laifin, kuma Junta ta gafarta musu jim kadan bayan haka.[1] Kollias, wanda ba da daɗewa ba ya zama Firayim Minista a ƙarƙashin rundunar soja, ya yi iƙirarin cewa "Sartzetakis zai amsa ni. " [1] A cikin tarihinsa, wanda aka buga bayan ya bar shugabancin, ya jaddada cewa mutuwar Lambrakis a bayyane kisan siyasa ne tare da shigar da kai tsaye.[1]

An kori Sartzetakis daga bangaren shari'a tare da majistare 29 tare da Dokar Tsarin Mulki ta Junta ta Girka ta 28 ga Mayu 1968, bisa zargin saboda "a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki a hanyar nuna bambanci, wanda ya motsa shi da tabbacin siyasa don goyon bayan jam'iyyar siyasa, a hanyar da ta keta amincewar 'yan ƙasa a cikin rashin son kai".

## Manazarta
Ioannis Skandalidis

**Ioannis Skandalidis** (Girkanci: ,  ) ɗan siyasan Girka ne kafin da kuma lokacin Yakin Independence na Girka .

## Rayuwa
An haifi Skandalidis a shekara ta a Thessaloniki . [1] Ya tafi a matsayin wakilin Makidoniya zuwa Areopagus na Gabashin Girka, hukuma ta wucin gadi da aka kafa a Tsakiyar Girka a farkon matakan juyin juya hali, inda ya saba sanya hannu a matsayin "Ioannis Skandalidis the Macedonian".[2] Ya shiga Majalisar Dokoki ta Farko a Epidaurus a matsayin memba da sakatare, daga baya ya zama sakatare na Majalisar Dokoki da majalisar ta kafa. A shekara ta 1821 ya shiga Majalisar Vytina ta magoya bayan Alexandros Mavrokordatos a kan abokin hamayyar Zarakova Majalisar Demetrios Ypsilantis; wannan ƙungiya ita ce mai sanar da Yaƙe-yaƙe na Girka na 1824-1825.

Ya mutu a shekara ta 1826.

## Manazarta
Glen Lukens

**Glen William Lukens** (1887–1967) ɗan ƙasar Amurka ne mai gyaran yumbu, mai yin gilashi, da kuma mai tsara kayan ado, wanda aka haifa a Missouri. An fi saninsa da sabbin ayyukansa da glazes da kuma gudummawarsa ga kayan ado na zamani.  Lukens ya taimaka wajen share fagen yin yumbu a yau a matsayin ƙwararren masani kan yumbu kuma malami mai nasara.  Lukens ya yi tasiri a cikin Ƙungiyar Tukwane kuma ya ƙalubalanci al'adun masana'antar Tukwane ta Amurka na ƙira, aiki, da kuma ado a shekarun 1930. 

## Rayuwar farko da farkon aikin
An haifi Glen Lukens a Cowgill, Missouri a shekara ta 1887.

Ya koma Los Angeles, California don zama da aiki a shekarar 1924. Ya taɓa koyar da azuzuwan makarantar sakandare a Fullerton, California kafin ya zama farfesa a Jami'ar Kudancin California inda ya kafa shirin yin yumbu a shekarar 1933 kuma ya koyar da aikin ƙarfe a makarantar gine-gine. [1] Ya shafe shekaru takwas na rayuwarsa yana neman ƙarfen alkaline a cikin Hamadar Mojave wanda zai taimaka masa gano da ƙirƙirar sabon shuɗin gilashi. [1]

## Sana'a
Babban abin da Lukens ya fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne fenti da launuka domin yana yawan amfani da molds don yin ainihin jikinsa na yumbu.  Ya ƙirƙiro sabbin fenti da dabaru da dama, kuma ya kasance jagora wajen aiki da sabbin ƙira na yumbu mai kauri.  Bayan lokacin da ya yi a hamada, Lukens ya fara haɗa laushi mai kauri waɗanda ke wakiltar abubuwa daban-daban na hamada kamar itace, yumbu, da kuma tarin duwatsu.  Mutane sun ji daɗin aikin Luken musamman a cikin kayan cin abinci. 

Daga baya Lukens ya shafe shekaru goma sha biyar a matsayin marubuci kuma mai zane a mujallar *Popular Ceramics* . Ya kuma kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Malaman Fasaha ta Kudancin California.  Lukens a halin yanzu yana da lambar yabo da sunansa ( Glen Lukens Award ) a Makarantar Fasaha ta Jami'ar Kudancin California.

## Manazarta
Ahmad Jan Ahmady

Maulawi Ahmad Jan Ahmady (Pashto: احمدجان احمدی ps), kuma ya rubuta Ahmad Jan Ahmadi[1] ko Ahmadjan Ahmadi, [2] shi ne daraktan ofishin gudanarwa na shugaban Masarautar Musulunci ta Afghanistan[3]. An haife shi a Ghazni a shekara ta 1974, yana da gogewa a harkokin gudanarwa. Ya fara aiki a IEA a shekarar 1994, a shekarar 1996 ya zama magajin garin Herat, bayan haka ya yi aiki a matsayin darakta mai kula da harkokin gudanarwa a ma'aikatar harkokin waje a lokacin Mullah Mohammad Hassan yana ministan harkokin waje a gwamnatin Taliban kafin Amurka ta karbe iko, ya kasance kusa da Mullah Omar kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin sakatarensa na tsawon shekaru a 2001 ya zabi jakadan KSA. Ya kuma yi aiki a kwamitoci daban-daban na IEA tsakanin 2001 zuwa 2016, ya kafa hukumar ilimi a IEA sannan kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin darakta na ofishin jagoranci na IEA har zuwa 2020 fiye da zabarsa a matsayin daraktan ofishin jagoranci na IEA har zuwa Kabul. A watan Satumba 2021 ya fara aiki a matsayin darektan ofishin gudanarwa na shugaban kasa har zuwa Agusta 2022.

Yanzu shi ne kamfanonin mallakar DG State tun farkon 2024, kuma Ahmad Jan bilal ne ya san shi.

## Manazarta
Marilyn Lysohir

**Marilyn Lysohir** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1950) ƙwararriyar mai yin ceramiyar Amurka ce.

Lysohir 'yar asalin Sharon ce, Pennsylvania . Mahaifiyarta ta yi aiki a Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa ta Amurka da mahaifinta a Rundunar Sojojin Amurka a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na 2. [1] Tun daga makarantar sakandare, ta yi aiki a wani masana'antar cakulan, daga ƙarshe ta ƙirƙiri sassaka da cakulan. [2] A shekarar 1972 ta sami digirin farko daga Jami'ar Ohio Northern, sannan ta sami digirin Master of Fine Arts daga Jami'ar Washington State a 1979. [1] Tana zaune a Moscow, Idaho, inda ta kasance mai kafa kuma mamallakin kamfanin Cowgirl Chocolates; [3] ta kuma shafe lokaci a matsayin malami mai taimako a Jami'ar Washington State da Jami'ar Idaho, kuma ta kasance mai zane a gida ko mai ziyara a Gidauniyar Kohler, Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kansas City, da Kwalejin Jihar New York a Alfred, da Jami'ar Jihar Ohio . Yawancin ayyukanta suna ɗaukar su a matsayin abubuwan tarihin danginta. [4] Lysohir, wacce ta auri Ross Coates, 'yar asalin Ukraine ce. [2] Ita da mijinta su ne suka kafa mujallar fasaha ta shekara-shekara mai suna High Ground . [5] An fi saninta da manyan kayan yumbunta; misalai sun haɗa da The Dark Side of Dazzle, wani jirgin ruwa mai nauyin tan biyu na yaƙi da banɗaki, da kuma Good Girls, hotunan dukkan 'yan matan da ta kammala karatu da su a shekarar 1968 daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Sharon da ke Sharon, Pennsylvania.

## Manazarta
Bernardin Gantin

**Bernardin Gantin** (8 ga Mayu 1922 - 13 ga Mayu 2008) wani limamin Katolika ne na Benin wanda ya riƙe manyan mukamai a Roman Curia tsawon shekaru ashirin kuma mafi girman matsayi a Kwalejin Cardinals tsawon shekaru tara. Fitaccen matsayinsa a cikin shugabancin Cocin bai taɓa faruwa ba ga ɗan Afirka kuma an yi masa daidai da shi da 'yan kaɗan waɗanda ba 'yan Italiya ba.

Ya fara aikinsa a ƙasarsa ta haihuwa da farko a matsayin bishop na mataimakin shugaban cocin sannan kuma a matsayin Bishop na Cotonou . A shekarar 1971, ya fara aikinsa na shekaru talatin a Curia. Bayan ya shafe shekaru da dama a matsayin babban mataimakin shugaban cocin, ya riƙe manyan mukamai a jere a matsayin shugaban Majalisar Paparoma ta Adalci da Zaman Lafiya, shugaban Majalisar Paparoma ta Cor Unum, da kuma shugaban cocin tsarki na Bishop .

Paparoma Paul VI ya naɗa shi babban limamin coci a shekarar 1977, Paparoma John Paul II ya ɗaukaka shi zuwa matsayin babban limamin coci a shekarar 1986, kuma abokan aikinsa sun zaɓe shi shugaban cocin Katolika, a shekarar 1993. Ya yi ritaya ya koma Benin lokacin da ya cika shekaru 80. An buɗe dalilinsa na yin wa'azin addini bayan mutuwarsa kuma Paparoma Francis ya ayyana shi a matsayin Bawan Allah . 

## Farkon aikina
An haifi Bernadin Gantin a Toffo, Dahomey na Faransa (yanzu Benin ), a ranar 8 ga Mayu 1922. Sunansa yana nufin "itacen ƙarfe" ( *gan*, ƙarfe da *tin*, itace). Mahaifinsa ma'aikacin jirgin ƙasa ne.  Ya shiga ƙaramin makarantar allo a Ouidah yana da shekaru goma sha huɗu kuma an naɗa shi firistoci a ranar 14 ga Janairu 1951 a Lomé, Togo, ta hannun Archbishop Louis Parisot na Cotonou. Daga nan ya cika ayyukan fastoci yayin da yake koyar da harsuna a makarantar allo. A shekarar 1953 aka tura shi zuwa Rome inda ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Pontifical Urban sannan kuma a Jami'ar Pontifical Lateran, inda ya sami lasisin karatunsa a fannin tauhidi da dokokin coci.
Ibrahim Sadr

**Ibrahim Sadar** (Pashto) babban jami'in Taliban ne wanda ke aiki a matsayin mataimakin ministan harkokin cikin gida na Afghanistan tun daga shekarar 2021.

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haife shi *Khodaidad*, ya canza sunansa zuwa *Ibrahim* . *Sadr* na daga cikin Mujahideen na Afghanistan wadanda suka yi yaƙi da sojojin Soviet a yakin Soviet-Afghan . Bayan yakin, ya koma Peshawar a Pakistan don koyarwa a madrassa. Dalibai a can sun kara Sadr (ma'ana 'shugaban kasa') ga sunansa. A lokacin gwamnatin Taliban ta farko, shi ne ke da alhakin sashen tsaro na Taliban da ke kula da jirgin Soviet. Da yake riƙe da ra'ayoyin addini masu tsauri, ya haɓaka hulɗa ta kusa da ƙungiyoyin jihadi, gami da Al Qaeda . 

Bayan mamayar Amurka, ya koma Peshawar. Ya kasance kusa da shugaban Taliban na asali Mohammed Omar da Akhtar Mansour, wanda ya gaji Omar, kuma Sadr ya tashi a cikin matsayi na Taliban. An nada Sadr a matsayin babban kwamandan soja na Taliban a shekarar 2014.  Taliban ba ta sanar da nadin sa a bainar jama'a ba har zuwa watan Agusta 2016.

Abokin Sadr na kusa Mansour, shugaban Taliban, an kashe shi a wani harin jirgin sama na Amurka a Pakistan a 2016 kuma Sadr ya zargi Pakistan. Sadr ya ki ya kafa kansa a Pakistan ko kuma ya halarci tarurrukan Taliban a can, wanda ya damu da sauran mambobin. Ya nace kan kasancewa a Afghanistan ko Iran. Sadr ya yi amfani da dukiya daga safarar opium da marmara don gina hanyar sadarwar kansa ta tallafawa a cikin Taliban, kuma Iran ta goyi bayansa. Rashin farin ciki da 'yancin kansa a cikin Taliban,  rashin son Pakistan da kusanci da Iran ya haifar da maye gurbinsa a matsayin shugaban soja ta Mohammad Yaqoob a cikin 2020, tare da Sadr ya zama mataimakin.

An sanya Sadr a takaice a matsayin mukaddashin Ministan harkokin cikin gida daga 24 ga Agusta 2021 zuwa 7 ga Satumba 2021.  An nada Sadr a matsayin mukaddashin mataimakin ministan cikin gida a ranar 21 ga Satumba 2021. A ranar 15 ga watan Agustan 2025, Babban Shugaba Hibatullah Akhundzada ya sake nada Sadr da sauran majalisar ministocin zuwa matsayinsu na dindindin.

## Manazarta
Gareth Morgan (masanin kimiyyar kasuwanci)

**Gareth Morgan** (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga Disamba 1943) ƙwararren masanin ka'idar ƙungiya ne na Birtaniya/Kanada, kuma mai ba da shawara kan harkokin gudanarwa .

Farfesa ne mai ƙwarewa a fannin Bincike a Jami'ar York da ke Toronto. An san shi a matsayin wanda ya ƙirƙiri ra'ayin "ƙa'idar tsari" kuma marubucin littafin 1979 *mai suna Sociological Paradigms and Organizational Analysis* tare da Gibson Burrell da kuma *Hotunan Organization* da aka fi sayarwa a 1986. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Morgan a Porthcawl, Wales, kuma ya yi karatunsa na makarantar nahawu a Bridgend, Wales sannan ya yi karatu a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki da Kimiyyar Siyasa ta London, inda ya kammala karatunsa na BSc a fannin tattalin arziki. Daga nan ya yi aiki a matsayin akawu a ma'aikatar kula da harkokin jama'a ta Burtaniya, inda ya zama memba mai rijista na Cibiyar Kudi ta Jama'a a shekarar 1968.

Daga nan ya koma Jami'ar Texas da ke Austin, inda ya kammala karatunsa na MA a fannin Gudanar da Jama'a a shekarar 1970. Wannan gogewa ta haifar da sauyi a alkiblar aiki sakamakon wasu azuzuwan kimiyyar ƙungiya waɗanda suka taimaka masa ya fara ganin da kuma ƙalubalantar wasu zato da ke ƙarƙashin aikin lissafin kuɗi  Ya bi wannan alkiblar a matsayin malami a Jami'ar Lancaster, inda ya sami digirin PhD a fannin nazarin ƙungiyoyi a shekarar 1980, sannan ya ƙaddamar da aikinsa a matsayin marubuci, mai magana da yawun jama'a da kuma mai ba da shawara kan harkokin gudanarwa.

A shekarun 1980 ya zama mamba a fannin koyarwa a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Jami'ar Jihar Pennsylvania . Daga nan ya koma Jami'ar York da ke Toronto. A shekarar 1988 aka zaɓe shi a matsayin Life Fellow na International Academy of Management domin ya yaba da gudummawar da ya bayar a fannin kimiyya da fasaha na gudanarwa, kuma a shekarar 1992 aka zaɓe shi a matsayin Babban Farfesa a Bincike a Jami'ar York .  A shekarun 1990, littafinsa *Images of Organization* ya zama mafi kyawun siyarwa a duniya, wanda aka fassara zuwa harsuna goma sha biyar.

## manazarta
Abdullah Sarhadi

Mullah Abdullah Sarhadi (Pashto: ملا عبدالله سرحدی) ɗan siyasan Taliban ne na Afghanistan wanda a halin yanzu yake aiki a matsayin gwamnan lardin Bamyan tun daga 7 ga Nuwamba 2021.[1][2] Yana cikin kungiyar kwamandojin Taliban masu alaka da lardin Zabul. Duk da haka, shi dan kabilar Tajik ne. Kafin faduwar Taliban kafin shekarar 2001, ya kuma taba zama kwamandan runduna ta musamman a lokacin daular musulunci ta Afghanistan (1996-2001).[3]

## Manazarta