Maria Zuber

Maria T. Zuber (an haife ta a ranar 27 ga watan Yuni,, shekara ta 1958) ita ce E. A. Griswold Farfesa a fannin ilimin ƙasa kuma mai ba da shawara ga shugaban ƙasa kan manufofin kimiyya da fasaha a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts . Zuber kuma tana aiki a matsayin mai kula da Jami'ar Brown . [1] Zuber ta shiga cikin fiye da rabin dozin NASA planetary manufofi da nufin tsara taswirar Wata, Mars, Mercury, da kuma Asteroids da yawa. Ita ce babbar mai bincike don Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) Mission, wanda NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory ke sarrafawa.[2]

Daga 2021-2024, Zuber ta  yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Majalisar Masu Ba da Shawara kan Kimiyya da Fasaha (PCAST) ta Shugaba Joe Biden. Ta yi aiki a Hukumar Kimiyya ta Kasa a lokacin Gwamnatin farko ta Shugaba Donald Trump (2018-2021), kuma ta kasance shugabar Hukumar a lokacin Gwamnan Obama (2016-2018). 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Maria T. Zuber a ranar 27 ga watan Yuni, 1958, a Norristown, Pennsylvania .   ta girma a Summit Hill, Pennsylvania, a Yankin Coal na Pennsylvania, ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'ya biyar na Joseph da Dolores (Stoffa) Zuber . Tana da 'yan'uwa maza uku, Joseph Jr., Stephen, da Andrew (1966-2018), da kuma' yar'uwa, Joanne .  Dukkanin kakanninta sun kasance masu hakar kwal kuma sun kamu da cutar huhu.

Zuber ta sami B.A. a cikin ilimin taurari da ilimin ƙasa daga Jami'ar Pennsylvania a 1980; ita ce mutum na farko a cikin iyalinta da ya halarci kwaleji.

Zuber ya sami Sc. M. da Ph.D. digiri, duka a cikin geophysics, daga Jami'ar Brown a 1983 da 1986 bi da bi. Da yake tunani game da shawarar da ta yanke na neman shiga makarantun digiri na Ivy League ba MIT ba, Zuber ya yi ba'a "Na tuna na ce, ba na so in je kowane makaranta na nerd... kuma ba shakka, ni ne mafi girman nerd a can. "

## Ayyuka
Zuber daga baya ya yi aiki a Jami'ar Johns Hopkins kuma ya kasance masanin kimiyya na bincike a Cibiyar Flight Space ta NASA a Maryland. Ta shiga bangaren koyarwa na Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT)  a 1995 kuma ta kasance shugabar Sashen Duniya, Kimiyya ta Yanayi da Duniya daga 2003 zuwa 2012.  Ita ce mace ta farko da ta jagoranci sashen kimiyya a MIT. Daga shekara ta 2012, ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban bincike a MIT,  inda ta kuma rike mukamin E. A. Griswold Farfesa na Geophysics a Sashen Duniya, Kimiyya na Yanayi da Duniya.

Zuber ya mai da hankali kan tsarin da tectonics na abubuwa masu ƙarfi na tsarin hasken rana. Ita ce ta farko a cikin auna siffofin saman taurari na ciki, da kuma fassara abin da waɗannan siffofin ke nufi ga tsarin ciki da ƙarfin, tarihin zafi, da hulɗar sararin samaniya. Ta ƙware wajen amfani da ma'aunin nauyi da laser altimetry don ƙayyade tsarin ciki da juyin halitta. Taswirar taswirar Mars da Wata da aka samar ta hanyar laser altimeters a kan Mars Global Surveyor da Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft sun fi daidai fiye da na Duniya. Ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar a kan ayyukan duniya 10 na NASA, gami da Mars Global Surveyor, Dawn, da MESSENGER . 

Zuber ya zama mai sha'awar kimiyyar duniya tun yana ƙarami. Sha'awar yada sha'awar yarinta shine daya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa ta haɗu da tsohuwar 'yar saman jannati Sally Ride don haɗa abubuwan Aikin GRAIL waɗanda zasu kama tunanin matasa dalibai. Gasar dalibai ta ba da sunayen jiragen sama guda biyu na aikin, Ebb da Flow, kuma ɗalibai na iya yin rajista don amfani da GRAIL's Moon Knowledge Acquired (MoonKAM) ta ɗaliban makarantar sakandare.

## Daraja da kyaututtuka

* : 50 Mafi Muhimman Mata a Kimiyya (Discover Magazine). 
* 2004: NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal.
* 2005: An zabe shi a cikin Ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Amirka 
* 2007: American Astronautical Society / Planetary Society Carl Sagan Memorial Award .
* 2007: Kyautar Geological Society of America G.K. Gilbert 
* 2008: Digiri na Doctor of Science daga Jami'ar Brown .
* 2008: An kira shi a matsayin daya daga cikin Shugabannin Amurka mafi kyau ta US News & World Report, tare da Fiona A. Harrison . Zuber da Harrison sune mata biyu na farko da aka zaba a matsayin shugabannin kimiyya na ayyukan robot na NASA.
* 2009: Kyautar Nasarar Kungiyar NASA don Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Laser Ranging Team.
* 2010: Kyautar Nasarar Kungiyar NASA don Kungiyar Orbiter ta Lunar Reconnaissance . 
* 2012: Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts James R. Killian Jr. Kyautar Kyautar Kwalejin . 
* 2012: Kyautar Nasarar Kungiyar NASA don (1) GRAIL Science Team; (2) GRAIL Project Office Team; da (3) GRAIL Mission Formulation Team.
* 2012: Kyautar Jagorancin Jama'a ta NASANASA Babban Jagorancin Jama'a
* 2012: Harry Hess Medal, American Geophysical Union . 
* 2012: Kwalejin Astronautics ta Duniya Laurel don Nasarar Kungiyar ga Kungiyar MESSENGER . 
* 2013: National Space Society, Space Pioneer Award a Kimiyya da Injiniya, GRAIL Team.
* 2013: NASA Musamman Achievement for Science, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Science Team . 
* 2013: Kyautar Nasarar Kungiyar NASA don Orbiter na Binciken Lunar - Laser Ranger Optical Communication Experiment .  
* 2013: Kyautar Nasarar Kungiyar NASA don Ƙungiyar Kimiyya ta Dawn . 
* 2014: Kyautar Binciken sararin samaniya ta Buzz Aldrin, The Explorer's Club.
* 2015: memba, Johns Hopkins University Society of Scholars . 
* 2015: Kyautar Kyautar Kyaftin na Dalibai na MIT.
* 2015: Kyautar Mai Shari'a mafi kyau, Nature PublishingBuga Yanayi
* 2017: Eugene Shoemaker Masanin Kimiyya na Musamman, Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta NASA
* 2019: Kyautar Gerard P. Kuiper a Kimiyya ta Duniya  
* 2022: Kyautar Golden Plate ta Kwalejin Nazarin Amurka da memba na Majalisar Kyaututtuka Dr. Francis Collins ya gabatar 

Zuber ɗan'uwa ne na ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru masu zuwa: 

* Ƙungiyar Geophysical ta Amurka
* Ƙungiyar Amurka don Ci gaban Kimiyya
* American Astronomical Society, Sashen Kimiyya na Duniya
* Ƙungiyar Astronautical ta Amirka
* Ƙungiyar Geological ta Amurka

Asteroid 6635 Zuber, wanda ke kewaye da rana tsakanin Mars da Jupiter,  an sanya masa suna ne don Zuber. 

## Littattafai

* Maria Zuber CV (PDF) 

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin mata a matsayi na jagoranci a kan ayyukan kayan aikin taurari

## Manazarta