Koko Don Haƙƙin Dan Adam

**Neman Ƙoƙarin Haƙƙin Dan-Adam** wani bayani ne na haƙƙin ɗan adam da aka fara buga shi azaman tallace-tallace a jaridun Atlanta a ranar 9 ga Maris, 1960 wanda ya yi kira da a kawo ƙarshen rashin daidaiton launin fata a Atlanta, Jojiya, Amurka. Daliban kwalejoji shida na baƙaƙen tarihi da jami'o'i waɗanda suka ƙunshi Cibiyar Jami'ar Atlanta ne suka rubuta bayanin. Roslyn Paparoma da sauran ɗaliban Cibiyar Jami'ar Atlanta ne suka tsara shi bayan ɗaliban, waɗanda Lonnie King da Julian Bond suka jagoranta, shugabannin Cibiyar Jami'ar Atlanta shida sun ƙarfafa su don tsara daftarin aiki da ke bayyana manufofinsu. Daliban, wanda aka tsara a matsayin Kwamitin Ƙarfafa Haƙƙin Dan Adam (COAHR), ya buga Ƙoƙarin Ƙarfafa Haƙƙin Dan Adam da ke aiki a ciki da kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Bil Adama.

## Rubutu
Ƙwararrun zaman-in a wasu biranen, daliban kwalejojin baƙar fata a Atlanta sun kafa kwamitin neman 'yancin ɗan adam, wanda ya jagoranci Ƙungiyar Student na Atlanta. Shugaban Jami’ar Atlanta Rufus Clement ya ba da shawarar cewa su rubuta “takardar bayanai” suna bayyana damuwarsu da abin da suke son cimmawa. Marubucin farko na takardar shine Roslyn Pope, ɗalibin 21 mai shekaru 21 na Kwalejin Spelman wanda ya rubuta mafi yawan daftarin farko. An buga shi a kan na'urar buga rubutu a gidan Farfesan Kwalejin Spelman kuma masanin tarihi Howard Zinn. Daliban sun sami wahayi daga wani littafi mai suna A Second Look a Atlanta wanda kuma ake kira A Na biyu Look, wanda aka buga a watan Fabrairu 1960 kuma sun yi tambaya game da ra'ayin cewa Atlanta ta fi sauran wurare a Kudu, kamar Mississippi, dangane da daidaiton launin fata.

Roko don 'Yancin Dan Adam ya lissafa misalai bakwai na wuraren rashin daidaito tsakanin Atlanta: ilimi; ayyuka; gidaje; zabe; asibitoci; fina-finai, kide-kide, gidajen abinci; da kuma tabbatar da doka. Kowane misali yana da ɗan taƙaitaccen sharhi da ke bayyana rashin daidaito a wannan yanki. An sanya hannu kan takardar a ƙasa ta wakilin ɗalibai daga kowane ɗayan makarantu shida da suka ƙunshi Cibiyar Jami'ar Atlanta: Willie Mays daga Jami'ar Atlanta, James Felder daga Jami'ar Clark, Marion D. Bennett daga Cibiyar Tauhidi ta Interdenominational, Don Clarke daga Kwalejin Morehouse, Mary Ann Smith daga Kwalejin Morris Brown, da Roslyn Paparoma daga Kwalejin Spelman.

## Bugawa
An buga Roko don 'Yancin Dan Adam azaman cikakken tallan da aka biya a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Atlanta a ranar 9 ga Maris, 1960. An kuma buga tallan a cikin Jaridar Atlanta da Atlanta Daily World a rana guda. An siyi tallan akan kudi $1,800. Shugaban Jami'ar Atlanta Rufus Clement ya gaya wa AJC Magazine a cikin 1965 cewa ya biya ta tare da rajista na sirri wanda daga baya aka biya duk da cewa kuɗin ɗalibai, yayin da Julian Bond ya ce marubucin Kudancin Kudu mai adawa da rarrabuwar kawuna kuma mai sukar zamantakewa Lillian Smith ya biya kuɗin tallan. A cikin labarin Maris 10, 1960 Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Atlanta ya ce Clement ne ya sanya hannu kan rajistan biyan kuɗin talla ta amfani da kuɗin da ɗalibai suka bayar.

Bayan buga ta, gwamnan mai ra'ayin mazan jiya na Georgia Ernest Vandiver ya yi tir da wannan talla. Washegari bayan an buga tallan, Vandiver ya karanta sanarwar da aka shirya yayin taron manema labarai na safe wanda kuma aka buga a cikin Tsarin Mulkin Atlanta a wannan rana. A cikin sanarwar, Vandiver ya kira roƙon kare haƙƙin ɗan adam "anti-Amurka" da "mugunta". Daga baya Vandiver ya ce "kamar an rubuta shi a Moscow, idan ba a cikin Peking ba," yana nuna cewa farfaganda ce ta gurguzu da ta adawa da Amurka.

An buga martani daga magajin garin Atlanta William B. Hartsfield a cikin wannan fitowar ta Maris 10 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Atlanta a matsayin martanin Vandiver, wanda ya bambanta da ra'ayin Gwamna kuma ya ce An roƙon 'Yancin Dan Adam ya wakilci "madaidaicin buri na matasa na birni.

Daliban sun aike da kwafin takardar bayanin ga Jacob Javits, dan majalisar dattawan jam’iyyar Republican da ke wakiltar New York a majalisar dattawan Amurka. Javits ya amince da saƙon, kuma a lokacin da yake jawabi a zauren majalisar dattijai a ranar 16 ga Maris, 1960, ya bukaci a shigar da takardar a cikin kundin tsarin majalisa. Baya ga shigar da shi cikin rikodin Majalisa, an sake buga bayanin a kyauta a cikin The New York Times da Los Angeles Times.

## Manazarta