Rage shirye-shirye

**Deprogramming** wata dabara ce mai rikitarwa wacce ke neman hana wani daga "gaskiya mai karfi"  kamar addinin addini. Deprogramming yana nufin taimakawa mutumin da ke da takamaiman tsarin imani - na irin wanda wadanda suka fara deprogramming suka dauka da lahani - don canza waɗancan imani da yanke alaƙa da ƙungiyar da ke da alaƙa da su. Yawanci, mutanen da ke nuna kansu a matsayin masu tsara shirye-shirye dangin mutum ne ke hayar su, galibi iyaye na yara masu girma. Ana tilasta batun deprogramming don yin aikin, wanda zai iya ɗaukar kwanaki ko makonni, ba tare da son rai ba.

Hanyoyi da ayyukan deprogramming sun bambanta amma sau da yawa sun haɗa da satar mutane da ɗaurin kurkuku na ƙarya,   wanda wani lokacin ya haifar da hukunci na laifi. Wannan aikin ya haifar da rikice-rikice game da 'yancin addini,' yancin bil'adama, aikata laifuka, da kuma amfani da tashin hankali. Masu goyon bayan deprogramming suna gabatar da aikin a matsayin abin da ya dace ga tsarin "kwararrun kwakwalwa" da ake zargi da kungiyoyin addini ke amfani da shi, wanda suke da'awar yana hana mutum damar yin zaɓe kyauta.

## Tarihi
A Amurka a farkon shekarun 1970s, akwai karuwar adadin Sabbin Addinai. Ted Patrick, "mahaifin deprogramming", ya kafa wata kungiya da ya kira "The Citizens' Freedom Foundation" kuma ya fara bayar da sabis na 'deprogramming' ga mutanen da ke son karya haɗin dangin zuwa NRM. Hanyoyin Patrick sun haɗa da sace-sacen, kamewa ta jiki, tsare-tsare na kwanaki ko makonni yayin da yake kasancewa tare da wanda aka azabtar, hana abinci da bacci, cin zarafin baki da motsin rai, da kuma lalata alamomin bangaskiyar wanda aka azabta.

Deprogrammers sun tabbatar da ayyukansu ta hanyar amfani da ka'idar "kwarya kwakwalwa" ga Sabbin Addini. Ka'idar ƙwaƙwalwa ta musanta yiwuwar zaɓin ruhaniya na ainihi ga memba na NRM, a maimakon haka suna ba da shawarar cewa irin waɗannan mutane suna ƙarƙashin shirye-shiryen kula da hankali waɗanda suka mamaye ikon su na son rai mai zaman kansa. : 56 Ka'idar Ted Patrick game da wankewar kwakwalwa ita ce cewa mutane sun yi amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa da aka tsara daga idanun mai daukar ma'aikata da yatsunsu, bayan haka ana kiyaye jihar ta hanyar koyarwa ta yau da kullun, yanayin gaba ɗaya, da kuma maye. : 59 Yawancin bincike na ilimi, duk da haka, sun nuna cewa dalilan da suka sa mutane su shiga, su kasance a ciki, ko su bar NRMs sun kasance masu rikitarwa, sun bambanta daga rukuni zuwa rukuni da mutum zuwa mutum, kuma gabaɗaya suna nuna ci gaba da kasancewa da damar ɗaukar alhakin mutum da zabi. : 43, 61 

Gidauniyar 'Yanci ta Citizens, wacce daga baya ta zama sananniyar Cibiyar Kula da Addini, ta zama babbar kungiya a cikin yunkurin adawa da addinin kasa na shekarun 1970 da 80. Yunkurin adawa da addinin ya yi kira ga matakin majalisa na jihohi da na kasa don halatta ayyukanta, kuma kodayake wannan ya sami iyakantaccen nasara, duk da haka ƙungiyar ta sami damar yin kawance da hukumomin gwamnati da yawa. Wannan ya kasance da farko a kan yaduwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa / ra'ayi na kula da hankali, wanda ya yi nasarar juya alaƙa da NRMs zuwa batun jama'a - maimakon masu zaman kansu - damuwa kuma ya ba da izini ga masu adawa da addinai da yawa da kuma ayyuka.

Kodayake CFF da CAN sun goyi bayan deprogramming, sun nisanta kansu daga aikin daga ƙarshen 1970s zuwa gaba. Duk da haka, duk da haka, sun ci gaba da aikin. CFF da CAN sun tura dubban abokan ciniki masu biyan kuɗi ga membobin masu gwagwarmaya waɗanda suka riƙe jerin sunayen masu deprograms. Adadin da ya faru ba a sani ba, amma a cikin 1980 Ted Patrick ya yi iƙirarin cewa an hayar shi sama da sau 2000 a matsayin ƙwararren mai satar mutane. Sauran masu aiki da yawa sun fito a lokacin da kuma bayan lokacin da yake aiki, da yawa daga cikinsu ya horar da su. : 59 Ayyukan deprogramming wani bangare ne na akidar adawa da addini da tattalin arziki, kuma an gan shi azaman amsa mai tasiri ga bukatar da ke fitowa daga mutanen da ke son an cire memba na iyali, amma kuma ya yi karo da bukatar kungiyoyin adawa da addinin su gabatar da kansu a matsayin ƙungiyoyin "na ilimi" (CFF, alal misali, ta sami matsayin ba da haraji a matsayin amincewar ilimi). Wannan, tare da matsayinsa na shari'a da na ɗabi'a, yana nufin cewa ana musanta shirye-shiryen a fili, yayin da aikinsa ya ci gaba a ɓoye.

## Amfani da tashin hankali
Deprogramming ya zama aikin jayayya saboda tashin hankali da ba bisa ka'ida ba na wasu hanyoyinsa. Masana kimiyya daban-daban sun yi sharhi game da aikin. Masanin ilimin zamantakewa Anson D. Shupe da sauransu sun rubuta cewa deprogramming yana kama da exorcism a cikin duka hanyoyin da bayyanar. Farfesa na ilimin zamantakewa da nazarin shari'a James T. Richardson ya bayyana deprogramming a matsayin "tsarin sirri, na taimakon kai inda aka cire mahalarta sabbin ƙungiyoyin addini (NRMs) da karfi daga ƙungiyar, aka ɗaure su, kuma aka sanya su ta hanyar hanyoyin sake farfadowa waɗanda ya kamata su haifar da amincewar su bar ƙungiyar. " Farfesa na Shari'a Douglas Laycock, marubucin Religious Liberty: The Free Exercise Clause, ya rubuta:

## Manazarta