Muhammad Ma Jian

**Muhammad Ma Jian** ( Chinese ;    ** ;  1906–1988) ya kasance Hui -Chinese malamin addinin Musulunci kuma mai fassara, wanda aka sani da fassarar Alkur’ani zuwa Sinanci da jaddada jituwa tsakanin Markisanci da Musulunci. 

## Shekarun farko
An haifi Ma a shekarar 1906 a ƙauyen Shadian a Gejiu, ￼￼Yunnan￼￼. Wannan ƙauyen Hui ne mafi rinjaye wanda daga baya zai zama wurin da abin ya faru da Shadian mara yau yayin Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu na China. Lokacin da Ma ke da shekaru shida, an kuma tura shi babban birnin lardin Kunming, inda kuma zai sami ilimin firamare da sakandare har zuwa shekaru 19.  Bayan kammala karatun sa, Ma ya koma garin sa na Shadian don koyarwa a makarantar firamare ta Sino -Arabic tsawon shekaru biyu - abin da bai ji daɗi ba. Wannan ya biyo bayan ci gaba da karatu a ƙarƙashin Hu Songshan a Guyuan, birni a yankin Hui na Ningxia .  Daga nan ya tafi Shanghai don neman ilimi a shekarata 1929, inda kuma ya yi karatu a Makarantar Koyar da Addinin Musulunci ta Shanghai na tsawon shekaru biyu. 

## Karatu a Alkahira

Bayan mamayar da Japan ta yi wa Manchuria a 1931, gwamnatin China ta tura Ma zuwa Jami'ar Al-Azhar da ke Alkahira, Masar, don haɓaka alaƙa da ƙasashen Larabawa.  Ya kasance memba na rukunin farko na ɗaliban Sinawa da gwamnati ta tallafa da su don yin karatu a can - wanda kuma ya haɗa da maza waɗanda daga baya za su zama manyan malaman Sinawa na Larabci da Musulunci, kamar Na Zhong.  Yayin da yake Alkahira, ya tuntuɓi Gidan Buga Salaan Salafiyya na Ƴan'uwa Musulmi, wanda ya amince a shekarar 1934 don buga ɗaya daga cikin ayyukansa -littafi na cikakken farko na Larabci kan tarihin Musulunci a China .  Bayan shekara guda, Ma ya fassara *Analects* zuwa Larabci. Yayin da yake Alkahira, zai kuma fassara wasu ayyukan Muhammad Abduh da yawa zuwa Sinanci, tare da taimakon Rashid Rida,  da Husayn al-Jisr maibtaken ' *Gaskiyar Musulunci* .  Don haɓaka buƙatun Sinawa dangane da Yaƙin Sino -Japan na Biyu, an aika Ma zuwa Makka a farkon shekarar 1939 a matsayin wani ɓangare na wakilan aikin hajji tare da wasu ɗalibai 27 - tafiya wanda suka yi magana da Ibn Saud game da ƙudurin 'duk Mutanen China 'don tsayayya da Jafananci. 

## Komawa China

Ma ta dawo China a shekara ta 1939. A can ya gyara *Kamus na Larabci da na China*, yayin da yake fassara *[[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]]* da ayyukan falsafar Musulunci da tarihi . Har ila yau, ya zama farfesa a fannin ilimin Larabci da Addinin Musulunci a jami'ar Peking a shekarar 1946, rawar da ya kula da bullo da darussan harshen Larabci na farko a cikin tsarin ilimin manyan makarantun kasar Sin .  A Jami'ar Peking, zai horar da yawancin shahararrun Larabawa na China na gaba, irin su Zhu Weilie.  An kammala fassarar sa ta farko na juzu'i 8 na Kur'ani a cikin 1945, kuma bayan da gidajen buga littattafai na Beijing suka ƙi shi a shekarar 1948, Jami'ar Peking University Press ce ta buga shi bayan shekara guda.  Bayan nasarar Kwaminisanci a yakin basasar ƙasar Sin da shelar Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin, an kuma zabe shi a matsayin memba na taron ba da shawara kan harkokin siyasa na jama'a a shekarar 1949.  A shekarar 1952, wani edition na Kur'ani translation da aka buga ta Shanghai 's Commercial Danna,  kuma Ma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa na ƙungiyar Islama ta ƙasar Sin .  A wani bangare na wannan rawar, Ma yana da niyyar ƙara wayar da kan jama'a game da Musulunci - wanda ya yi ta hanyar buga labarai da yawa a jaridu kamar Daily People da Guangming Daily .  Ya kuma wallafa fassarar Tjitze de Boer na *Tarihin Falsafa a Musulunci* a 1958.  Saboda ƙwarewar harshe, ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai fassara ga jami'an China irin su Zhou Enlai, wanda ya ba shi damar yin magana da Gamal Abdel Nasser a taron Bandung .  Wannan ne ya ba shi damar ci gaba da aikin farfesa da muƙami a cikin PPCC har zuwa rasuwarsa a 1978, duk da tsanantawar da aka yi wa Musulmai a lokacin tashin Juyin Al'adu .  Bayan mutuwarsa, an buga fassarar Ma na Philip K. Hitti 's Tarihin Larabawa a 1979 ta ' Yan Jarida .  Har ila yau, "The Chinese Social Sciences Press" an buga shi bayan mutuwa, a cikin shekarar 1981, cikakken fassarar Alkur'ani, wanda Ma ya yi aiki har zuwa 1957, sannan tsakanin shekarun 1976 da 1978. 

## Tasiri
Fassararsa ta Kur'ani har yanzu ita ce mafi mashahuri a kasar Sin a yau, wanda ya zarce na Wang Jingzhai da Li Tiezheng.  An yaba shi saboda amincinsa ga asalin, kuma ya kai 'kusan matsayin canonical'.  An kuma gane ingancin wannan fassarar a duniya -tare da Madaba'ar Madina tushen Fahd Mai Alƙur'ani Mai Girma ta Alƙur'ani ta zaɓi yin amfani da ita don bugun Alƙur'ani mai harsuna biyu na Larabci da Sinanci, wanda aka buga a shekarar 1987. 

## Manazarta