Cibiyar Nazarin Volcanology da Seismology ta Philippines

**Cibiyar Nazarin Volcanology da Seismology ta Philippine** ( **PHIVOLCS**,  ; Filipino    ) wata cibiyar kasa ce ta Philippine wacce aka sadaukar don ba da bayanai kan ayyukan volcanoes, girgizar kasa, da tsunami, da sauran bayanai da ayyuka na musamman musamman don kare rayuka da dukiyoyi da kuma tallafawa tattalin arziki, samarwa da ci gaba mai dorewa. Yana ɗaya daga cikin hukumomin sabis na Sashen Kimiyya da Fasaha .

PHIVOLCS na lura da tsaunuka, girgizar ƙasa, da ayyukan tsunami, kuma suna ba da gargaɗi idan ya cancanta. An ba da izini don rage bala'o'i da ka iya tasowa daga irin wannan fashewar volcano, girgizar ƙasa, tsunami, da sauran abubuwan da suka shafi geotectonic . 

## Tarihi
An kafa wannan ƙungiya ta gwamnati bayan haɗakar da ayyukan hukuma na cibiyoyin gwamnati a tarihi.

Ɗaya daga cikin magabata na farko shine Ofishin Yanayi na Philippine wanda aka ƙirƙira a cikin 1901  lokacin da aka canza yanayin yanayin yanayi, yanayin yanayi da na terrestrial na Manila Observatory daga Cocin Katolika na Roman Katolika zuwa Gwamnatin Mulkin Mallaka ta Amurka. Ta yi aikin sa ido kan girgizar kasa a kasar kuma ta gaji tare da kiyaye kasida ta farko na girgizar kasa a wancan lokacin. A shekara ta 1972, an sake tsara Ofishin Yanayi na Philippine a ƙarƙashin Dokar Shugaban ƙasa No. 78  a cikin Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan Astronomical na Philippine (PAGASA). Wani shiri na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ke samun tallafin PAGASA ya kafa cibiyar kula da girgizar kasa mai tasha goma sha biyu a kasar.

A cikin Fabrairu 1951, Dokta Jose M. Feliciano, Shugaban Sashen Kimiyyar Jiki da Lissafi na Hukumar Bincike ta Kasa ta Philippines (NRCP) ya gabatar da shawara don ƙirƙirar Hukumar kan Volcanology. Fashewar tsaunin Hibok-Hibok a cikin watan Disambar 1951 da barna da asarar rayuka da suka biyo baya ya haifar da kusancin hadin gwiwa ta bangaren Geology, Seismology, da Volcanology, kwamitin kula da Volcanology na Sashen Noma da Albarkatun Kasa, don nazarin tsaunuka a Philippines.  Wannan haɗin gwiwar ya ba da damar aiwatar da Dokar Jamhuriyar No. 766  a ranar 20 ga Yuni, 1952 wanda ya haifar da Hukumar Volcanology (COMVOL). An sanya wannan Hukumar a ƙarƙashin NRCP kuma an kafa ofishinta da farko a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Liberal a UP Diliman.  A karkashin Dokar Zartarwa No. 784 na Maris 17, 1982, sashen laima na COMVOL, Hukumar Ci gaban Kimiyya ta Kasa (NSDB) an sake tsara shi a cikin Hukumar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kasa (NSTA), kuma an sake fasalin COMVOL don zama Cibiyar Nazarin Volcanology ta Philippine ko PHIVOLC. 

An tura sashin nazarin halittu na PAGASA bisa hukuma zuwa PHIVOLC  a ranar 17 ga Satumba, 1984 ta hanyar Dokar Zartarwa No. 984, ta canza sunan cibiyar a matsayin Cibiyar Nazarin Volcanology da Seismology ta Philippines ko PHIVOLCS.  NSTA, sashin laima na PHIVOLCS da PAGASA, ya zama Sashen Kimiyya da Fasaha (DOST) a cikin 1987. Ma'aikatan fasaha da cibiyar kula da girgizar kasa ta 12 sun kasance cikakke ga PHIVOLCS a cikin 1988.

PHILVOCS da Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayin Kasa ta Amurka sun yi haɗin gwiwa yayin fashewar Dutsen Pinatubo na 1991 . Hasashen da suka yi ya bayar da lokacin da aka kwashe jami’an soji da mazauna garin da fashewar ta shafa. 

Raymundo Punongbayan ne ke jagorantar PHIVOLCS daga 1982 zuwa 2002,  kuma a halin yanzu Renato U. Solidum Jr. ke jagoranta daga 2003 zuwa 2023.

An nada Dr. Teresito C. Bacolcol a matsayin sabon Darakta kuma ya yi rantsuwa a ranar 23 ga Janairu, 2023, tare da Sakataren Kimiyya da Fasaha Dr. Renato U. Solidum, Jr. a birnin Quezon. 

## Rarraba tsaunuka a cikin Philippines

PHIVOLCS tana rarraba volcanoes a matsayin mai aiki, mai yuwuwar aiki, ko mara aiki: 

### Mai aiki

* Fashewa a lokutan tarihi
* Rikodin tarihi a cikin shekaru 600
* Radiocarbon Dating (C14) mai dangantaka zuwa shekaru 10,000
* Ayyukan girgizar ƙasa
* Tarihin baka ko na al'ada

### Mai yuwuwar aiki

* Active solfataras, fumaroles, ko aikin tururi
* Matasa na ilimin ƙasa, maiyuwa ya fashe <shekaru 10,000 kuma ga calderas da manyan tsarin, maiyuwa <shekaru 25,000.
* Geomorphology na samari (rufin ƙasa na bakin ciki ko ciyayi mara kyau; ƙarancin zaizayar ƙasa da rarrabuwa; fasalulluka na samari; tare da ko ba tare da murfin ciyayi ba).
* Ayyukan girgizar ƙasa da ake zargi.
* Takaddun nakasar ƙasa ta gida.
* Alamun Geochemical na shigar magmatic .
* Tabbacin Geophysical na jikin magma.
* Ƙaƙƙarfan haɗi tare da yankunan ƙaddamarwa da saitunan tectonic na waje.

### Mara aiki

* Babu wani rikodin fashewa da nau'in sa ya fara canzawa ta hanyar wakilan yanayi da zaizayarwa ta hanyar samuwar ruwa mai zurfi da tsayi.

## Manazarta