Abu Baker Asvat

****Abu** Baker Asvat** () (23 Fabrairu 1943 - 27 Janairu 1989), wanda aka fi sani da **Abu Asvat**  ko Abu wanda ake kira Hurley likita ne na Afirka ta Kudu wanda ya yi aiki a Soweto a cikin 1970s da 1980s. Wani memba na kafa Azapo, Asvat shine shugaban sakatariyar kiwon lafiya, kuma yana da hannu a cikin shirye-shiryen da ke da niyyar inganta lafiyar baƙar fata na Afirka ta Kudu a yankunan karkara a lokacin wariyar launin fata.

A shekara ta 1989, an harbe Asvat a asibitin sa, kuma ya mutu a hannun ma'aikacinsa, Albertina Sisulu. An danganta mutuwarsa da na Stompie Seipei makonni hudu da suka gabata,  tare da zargin cewa Winnie Mandela (wanda likitansa Asvat ya kasance)  ya biya masa kisan a matsayin wani ɓangare na rufe kisan Seipei, ana gabatar da shi ga Hukumar Gaskiya da Sulhu ta Afirka ta Kudu.    

## Rayuwa ta farko da iyali
An haifi Asvat a Fietas a cikin iyalin Indiya Gujarati . Mahaifinsa ya kasance mai sayar da kaya,  kuma yana da 'yan'uwa maza biyu. Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta gida, Asvat ya yi tafiya zuwa Kudancin Asiya don karatun sakandare, yana ciyar da lokaci a Gabashin Pakistan da Yammacin Pakistan, ya kammala karatunsa na likita a Karachi. Yayinda yake a Karachi, Asvat ya shiga cikin siyasar dalibai, ya kafa ƙungiyar dalibai da ke da alaƙa da Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC), kuma ya dauki bakuncin ma'aikatanta a kan hanyar zuwa China.

Asvat ya auri matarsa Zorah a shekarar 1977, kuma suna da 'ya'ya uku.

## Aikin tiyata na Soweto
Bayan ya koma Afirka ta Kudu lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa, Asvat ya sami matsayi a asibitin Coronation na Johannesburg (yanzu asibitin Rahima Moosa Mother and Child). Ya zama mai ci gaba da siyasa yayin lura da wariyar launin fata na manyan ma'aikatan, wuraren rarrabewa, da rashin daidaito na launin fata da yanayi. An kore shi bayan ya fuskanci wakilin fararen magunguna wanda ya ki yin magana da likitocin baki.

Asvat ya karɓi ƙaramin tiyata a Soweto daga ɗan'uwansa, kuma nan da nan ya kafa aiki mai tasowa, sau da yawa yana kula da marasa lafiya sama da 100 a rana, sau da ƙari. A lokacin Soweto Uprising na 1976, Asvat ya kula da yara da yawa waɗanda 'yan sanda suka harbe su, kuma mazauna sansanin da ke kusa da shi sun tsare aikinsa. Ayyukansa sun sa ya zama sananne a cikin siyasa, kuma nan da nan aka kira shi "dokta na mutane" a Soweto. Asvat kuma ta bude ɗakin kicin abinci da kicin miya ga mazauna ƙauyukan Soweto. Ya bambanta da sauran likitocin gari, Asvat ya tsara hoto mai tawali'u, kuma ya nace kan marasa lafiya suna kiransa "Abu". Ya yi amfani da hanyoyin malamin Brazil mai tsattsauran ra'ayi Paolo Freire don jagorantar aikinsa tare da al'ummomin da ba su da tushe.

## Motsi na baƙar fata
Asvat ya jawo kansa ga yunkurin sanin baƙar fata bayan tashin hankali na 1976, wanda ke wakiltar yunkurin juriya na sama da ƙasa a Soweto, a lokacin, kuma ya janyo hankalin ra'ayin Steve Biko game da baƙar fata. Ya kasance muhimmiyar hanyar haɗi tsakanin Lenasia, garin Indiya da yake zaune a ciki, da makwabciyar Soweto, yana watsar da kabilanci da kabilun zamantakewa na lokacin. An yi wa Asvat duka, kuma wani dan sanda na Ofishin Musamman ya yi barazana ga rayuwarsa a shekarar 1978, a matsayin wani ɓangare na yakin da ke gudana na cin zarafi. Ko da yake ya himmatu ga ƙungiyar Black Consciousness an san shi da rashin tsattsauran ra'ayi kuma ya yi aiki tare da dakarun adawa da wariyar launin fata.

Asvat ta sami lambar yabo ta farko ta shekara-shekara ta haƙƙin ɗan adam daga The Indicator, jaridar da ke zaune a Lenasia. Ya jaddada a cikin jawabinsa, "Bari mu sami haɗin kai. Bari Soweto ya mamaye Lenasia. Bari Eldorado Park ya mamaye Senasia. Bar Lenasia ya mamaye Eldorado park. Bari Lenasia ta mamaye Soweto. Sa'an nan kuma za mu aiwatar da abin da muke yi wa'azi ba. Ba za mu iya jira har sai 'yanci ya kasance a ciki ba zai zama da sauƙi don gyara rashin adalci da zalunci da zalunci wanda wannan mummunan tsarin ya yi wa mutane a wannan ƙasa.

## Cricket
Asvat, mai ƙwarewar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, ya shiga cikin rarrabewar wasanni a cikin Transvaal .  Ya buga wa tawagar da ake kira The Crescents a Lenasia .

Da farko ya rungumi yunkurin Ali Bacher a ƙarshen 1970s don ba da damar ƙungiyoyin baƙar fata su yi gasa a fararen filayen ("Normal Cricket"), duk da haka, ya zama mai takaici bayan ya fahimci cewa wurare a wuraren wasan cricket na fararen sun kasance masu rarrabe launin fata. Ya kafa kwamitin Cricket na Transvaal (TCB), wanda ya ki amincewa da tsarin Bacher na "multi-racial" game da wasanni, wanda TCB ta gani yana ci gaba da rarrabuwar launin fata na wariyar launin fata, kuma a maimakon haka ya rungumi hangen nesa "marasa launin fata", wanda ya ki rarrabuwar wariyar launin fatar. TCB ta shirya nasarar kauracewa shirye-shiryen Cricket na al'ada, kuma ƙungiyar TCB ta girma a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Asvat.

Asvat da son rai ya sauka a matsayin shugaban TCB a 1981, amma ya kasance dan wasan cricket har tsawon rayuwarsa, yana wasa ga Crescents, kuma yana shirya ƙaramin layi a ƙarshen shekarun 1980. 

## Azapo Health Secretariat
A shekarar 1982, Azapo ta ƙirƙiri wani shiri mai suna Community Health Awareness Project (Chap). A cikin wannan shiri, Asvat da wasu abokansa suna yin rangadi a faɗin Afirka ta Kudu a karshen mako, suna jan karabuna masu kayan lafiya da Asvat ya ɗauki nauyinsu, suna bayar da kulawar lafiya ga wuraren karkara da aka yi watsi da su, inda sau da yawa suke duba marasa lafiya daga 150 zuwa 500 a ƙarshen mako, tare da yin laccoci kan lafiyar jiki ga gungun mutane har zuwa 6,000.

A shekarar 1984, a cikin wannan shiri, ya tsara wata takarda mai shafuka 20 kan lafiyar farko. An rarraba dubban kwafi na wannan littafi, cikin harshen Turanci, Sotho, Northern Sotho da Zulu. Haka kuma, ya yi aiki tare da kungiyar ma’aikatan ma’adinai da gine-gine ta Black Allied Mining and Construction Workers Union (BAMWCU) domin fallasa halin da ake ciki a garuruwan hakar asbestos na Afirka ta Kudu, inda yara ke wasa a wajen da aka jefar da shara daga hakar ma’adinai, kuma cutar asbestosis ta yawaita a tsakanin ma’aikatan ma’adinai.

Asvat da abokansa sun kuma kai ziyara yankin Vaal Triangle a lokacin tarzoma da ke faruwa a can a shekarar 1984, domin duba wadanda suka ji rauni sakamakon tashin hankali, da kuma rubuta bayanan raunukan da jami’an tsaron wariyar launin fata suka haddasa.

A tsakiyar shekarun 1980s, an fi yawan ganin sunan Asvat a manyan jaridu, kuma ya zama muryar da ta shahara a fafutukar anti-apartheid musamman a fannin lafiya. A shekarar 1988, ya soki yadda gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ke tafiyar da bullar cutar AIDS. Hakanan yana da ginshiki a jaridar The Sowetan inda yake amsa tambayoyin masu karatu kan batutuwan lafiya.

## 1980s
A shekarar 1984, Asvat ya ɗauki mai rajin yaki da wariyar launin fata, Albertina Sisulu, don yin aiki a matsayin mai jinya a wajensa. Sisulu ita ce matar shugaban ANC da ke kurkuku a lokacin, Walter Sisulu, kuma daya daga cikin shugabannin United Democratic Front (UDF). Sisulu ba ta iya aiki a matsayin mai jinya saboda takunkumin da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta sanya mata, amma Asvat ya dauke ta aiki, yana biyanta albashi lokacin da jami’an tsaro suka tsareta, har ma yana barinta tana kai ziyara wurin mijinta a Robben Island akai-akai. Duk da bambance-bambancen siyasa tsakanin UDF da AZAPO da suka haifar da tashin hankali da asarar rayuka, Albertina Sisulu da Asvat sun ci gaba da aiki tare kuma suna kula da wadanda suka ji rauni daga bangarorin biyu.

Asvat ya shiga cikin halin da ‘yan gudun hijira na Soweto ke ciki, yana zuwa da dare don taimaka musu lokacin da hukumomin garin Soweto da West Rand Administration Board (WRAB) suka yi barazanar rusa gidajensu. Wannan ya sa ya shiga sabani da wadannan hukumomi. Sau da dama yana shirya mafita ga wadanda aka kore, inda yake kai su Lenasia ko kuma ya basu abinci da mafaka a gidansa.

Asvat ya zama shugaban sabuwar kungiyar People’s Education Committee (PEC) da ke Lenasia, duk da cewa ra’ayinsa na Black Consciousness ya saba da ra’ayin ANC da mafi yawan membobin kungiyar ke da shi. Manufar PEC ita ce tallafa wa matasa baki samun ilimi bayan da tarzomar 1976 ta katse karatu a manyan birane. Daya daga cikin shirye-shiryen PEC shi ne yakin neman shigar da yara bakar fata makarantun Indiyawa da House of Delegates ke gudanarwa. Wannan yaki ya samu nasara, inda daga nan zuwa 1990, kashi 15% na ɗaliban Lenasia sun fito ne daga unguwanni na bakar fata da ke kewaye da Lenasia.

A lokacin da ake cikin yanayin dokar ta-baci a shekarar 1986 a Afirka ta Kudu, kuma Asvat na buya, wasu ba'a san ko su waye ba sun yi ƙoƙarin banka wa gidansa wuta a Lenasia. Bayan watanni takwas, an yi ƙoƙarin caka masa wuka a wurin aikin jinyarsa, inda ya sami rauni a fuska. Albertina Sisulu ce ta tashi da kuka ta tunzura makwabta, yayin da Asvat ke kokarin kare kansa. Jami’an leƙen asiri sun dinga tsangwamar matarsa a gida lokaci bayan lokaci.

A shekarar 1988, wani mai dauke da bindiga ya yi kokarin harba Asvat, amma ya tsere bayan wani marar lafiya ya shiga dakin. Haka kuma a cikin wannan shekarar, hukumomi sun yanke shawarar gina sabbin gine-gine a sansanin marasa gida da ke “Chicken Farm” inda ofishin Asvat ke ciki a Soweto. Sai dai Asvat ya ƙi barin wurin sai an ba shi mafita ta maye gurbin ofishin. Shi da Albertina Sisulu sun ci gaba da aiki a wurin har lokacin da aka yanke wutar lantarki a ofishin. Daga baya Asvat ya koma Rockville a cikin Soweto inda ya ci gaba da fuskantar tsangwama daga rundunar tsaron gwamnatin wariyar launin fata.

## Manazarta