Ottilie Markholt

**Ottilie Markholt** (25 ga Fabrairu, 1916 - 25 ga Nuwamba, 2004) ƙwararriyar 'yar Amurka ce mai rajin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, masanin tarihin ma'aikata, kuma mai fafutukar siyasa wadda ta shafe mafi yawan rayuwarta a Tacoma, Washington . A wurare daban-daban a rayuwarta, Markholt ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis, CORE, NAACP, IWW, da OPEIU . Markholt ta rubuta littattafai da dama da labarai marasa adadi game da tarihin ma'aikata a Yammacin Tekun kuma ta yi ƙoƙari don faɗaɗa nazarin ma'aikata da ilimi.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Ottilie Lou Markholt (wanda aka haifa a Kepner) a Candle, Alaska, a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 1916, ga Alfred Silverthorne Kepner, alkalin yanki, da Clara Reissenweber Kepner, malamar makaranta daga Chicago . Ta koma Seattle tare da iyalinta a shekarar 1921 kuma ta kammala karatunta a matsayin mai kula da harkokin karatun digiri daga Makarantar Sakandare ta West Seattle a shekarar 1933. 

Markholt ta fara shiga cikin tsarin ƙungiyoyin hagu a matsayin ɗalibi a Jami'ar Washington daga 1933 zuwa 1935. A shekarar 1935, ta shiga Ƙungiyar Matasan Kwaminis kuma ta daina kwaleji don ta ba da ƙarin lokaci ga tsarin aiki. A watan Disamba na 1935, Ottilie ta auri Bob Dombroff, wani ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa kuma memba na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis . [1] Ma'auratan sun haifi 'ya'ya maza biyu, Bob da Lee, waɗanda aka haifa a 1937 da 1939 bi da bi. Markholt da Dombroff sun sake aure a 1941.

Bayan ya saki Dombroff, Markholt ya koma Tacoma ya fara aiki a Majalisar Ciniki ta Tacoma Metal a shekarar 1943. Markholt ta shiga cikin OPEIU, local 23, kuma ta fara aiki a ƙungiyar a matsayin sakatare a ofis a shekarar 1949. Ta riƙe wannan aikin har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 1981.

A shekarar 1943, Ottilie ta auri Halvor Markholt, wani mai kula da lokaci a tashoshin jiragen ruwa wanda ta haɗu da shi ta hanyar Local 23. Ottilie da 'ya'yanta duka sun ɗauki sunansa na ƙarshe, kuma a shekarar 1945, iyalin suka ƙaura zuwa wata gona a kudancin Tacoma. Ma'auratan sun rabu a shekarar 1953.  A matsayinta na uwa mara aure, Markholt ta yi aiki tuƙuru don kula da gonar da kuma kula da 'ya'yanta yayin da kuɗi ke da matuƙar wahala. 

## Ƙungiyoyin fafutuka
Bob Dombroff, mijin Markholt na farko, memba ne na Ƙungiyar Matuƙan Ruwa ta Pacific da kuma Ƙungiyar Matuƙan Ruwa ta Tekun Pacific, ƙungiyar ja ta ɗan gajeren lokaci. Markholt da Dombroff sun bar Jam'iyyar Kwaminis a shekarar 1936 saboda rashin jituwa da Harry Bridges amma sun ci gaba da zama membobin MFPC. A shekarar 1937, Markholt ya tattara littafin *Union Labels for Union Men*  kuma ya yi aiki tare da Ralph Chaplin don gyara jaridar MFPC *Voice of Federation* . Markholt ya kuma shirya Mataimakin Mata na Maritime na Seattle ga MFPC. 

Bayan barin Jam'iyyar Kwaminis, Markholt ta ci gaba da shiga cikin ƙungiyar kwadago da fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a. A shekarun 1950, ta shirya zanga-zanga kan wasu manufofi guda biyu da suka nemi mayar da Washington ' yancin yin aiki . Markholt ya shiga cikin ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin jama'a a shekarun 1960. Ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar Congress of Racial Equality yayin da take tafiya zuwa Buffalo, New York, a shekarar 1964  kuma ta kasance mai shirya taron kauracewa makarantar Seattle School na 1966.  Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin editan wasiƙar labarai ta Tacoma NAACP . A shekarar 1971, Markholt ya shiga ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Masana'antu ta Duniya reshen Tacoma-Olympia kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin sakataren reshen tsawon shekaru da yawa. 

## Manazarta