The Beaver (fable)

**Tatsuniyar dabbar beaver**, ko kuma **labarin dabbar beaver da aka farauta**, ta ba da labarin yadda, idan aka farautar ta, dabbar beaver za ta tauna ƙwayayenta, ko wutsiya,  ta bar su a baya don ta da hankalin masu bin ta. Ya dogara ne akan ra'ayin cewa, a zamanin da, ana farautar dabbar beaver don ƙwayayenta, wanda aka yi tunanin yana da halaye na magani.  Labarin cewa dabbar za ta ciji waɗannan don ceton kanta lokacin da aka farautar ta, wasu tsoffin masana kimiyyar halitta na Girka sun kiyaye shi kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa Zamanin Tsakiya.  Hakanan ya bayyana a matsayin tatsuniya ta Girka da aka danganta ga Aesop kuma an sanya ta lamba 118 a cikin Perry Index .

A cikin littattafan adabi na Latin, an fassara tatsuniyar ta hanyar Phaedrus, masanin tatsuniyar Romawa na ƙarni na 1 AD  kuma an ambaci ta a cikin wani ba'a kaɗan daga baya ta hanyar mawaƙin Romawa Juvenal a cikin ba'a. A can ɗan kasuwa Catullus ya jefa kayansa masu yawa daga jirgin ruwa da guguwa ta kama 'don kwaikwayon beaver wanda a cikin sha'awarsa ta tserewa mutuwa, zai ciji ƙwayayensa ya mayar da kansa eunuch '.  Ɗabi'ar da Juvenal da waɗanda suka yi tatsuniyar daga baya suka samo daga labarin ita ce domin a kiyaye kansa ya fi kyau a yi sadaukar da ƙananan la'akari.

## Fassarori
Daga ƙarshe an ba da shawarar misalin beaver ga Kiristoci nagari. A zamanin gargajiya, firistocin Cybele sun yi wa kansu yanka domin su sadaukar da kansu ga allahiyarsu gaba ɗaya. Wani magana da Yesu ya yi cewa 'akwai babani waɗanda suka mai da kansu babani saboda mulkin sama' (Matta 19.12) wasu a cikin Cocin farko sun ɗauki ta a matsayin tana ba da shawarar irin wannan aikin, maimakon kauracewa, kuma shugabannin Cocin farko sun ci gaba da jayayya cewa dole ne a ɗauki wannan a matsayin misali. A cikin wannan mahallin ne Tertullian ya raina mabiyan Marcion marasa aure da ambaton tatsuniya, yana tambaya "Shin akwai beaver da ya fi son kai?" 

Da zarar an tabbatar da yanayin kwatanci na maganar Yesu, an yi wa tatsuniyar kallon tatsuniya a matsayin nuni ga kin amincewa da Kirista. Don haka *Aberdeen Bestiary* na ƙarni na 12 ya yi tsokaci game da halayen beaver cewa a irin wannan hanyar "kowane mutum wanda ya bi umarnin Allah kuma yana son ya rayu cikin tsarki ya kamata ya yanke duk munanan ayyukansa da ayyukansa marasa kunya, ya kuma jefar da su daga gare shi".  An ƙara ambaton a cikin wannan dabbar cewa idan beaver, wanda aka riga aka yi masa da'ira, ya haɗu da wani mafarauci, zai tsaya a kan ƙafafu biyu don nuna cewa ba shi da abin da mafarauci ke nema don haka an kare shi. Wani yanayi da ke nuna wannan an haɗa shi cikin aƙalla misali ɗaya na gine-ginen Coci.  Mawaki R. Murray Schafer kuma ya kafa wannan nassi a cikin littafinsa na *A Medieval Bestiary* (1996). 

Daga baya Andrea Alciato ya sake fassara tatsuniya a matsayin wani ɓangare na al'adar alama a matsayin nau'in kiyaye kai. Waƙar Latin da ke ƙarƙashin hoton da ke cikin Emblemata (1531) ta ba da shawara, "Ta hanyar misalin wannan dabba, ku koyi kada ku ajiye kayanku amma ku ba wa maƙiyanku kuɗi, domin ku kiyaye rayuwarku". A Ingila tatsuniya ta bayyana a cikin tarin Roger L'Estrange tare da fassarar iri ɗaya kuma daga baya a cikin na Samuel Croxall tare da ƙarin tunani na siyasa cewa ɗan siyasa da ke neman hasashe ya kamata ya sayi kansa ta hanyar raba ribar da ya samu tare da masu gabatar da ƙararsa.

Thomas Browne, yana rubuta wannan ɗabi'ar da ake kyautata zaton dabbar beaver ce a cikin littafinsa *mai suna Pseudodoxia Epidemica* (1646), ba wai kawai ya ambaci Aesop da Aristotle ba, har ma da Pliny da Solinus . Sauran tsoffin hukumomi ba su yarda ba, ya ƙara da cewa: Sestius (likita da Pliny ya ambata)  "da Dioscorides, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa wannan al'adar ƙarya ce". Bugu da ƙari, Browne ya lura cewa marubutan zamani waɗanda suka rubuta game da dabbar beaver ta Amurka, kamar Aldrovandus, Mathiolus da Bellonius, ba su ambaci dabbar beaver suna jefa kansu ba. A ƙarshe, ya kammala da cewa tatsuniyar ta samo asali ne daga rubuce-rubucen Masar waɗanda "suka zama Tatsuniya ga Helenawa, don haka Aesop ya kafa ta". Tatsuniyar ta nuna ƙimar ɗabi'a, duk da haka, kuma "hikima da hikimar wannan dabbar; wanda hakika daga ayyukan da take yi, musamman fasaharta a gini, abin mamaki ne, kuma tabbas ba za a iya daidaita ta da wani ba".

## Manazarta