Thora Silverthorne

**Thora Silverthorne** (25 Nuwamba 1910 - 17 Janairu 1999), wanda aka fi sani da "Red Silverthorne",  ta kasance kwaminisanci, ma'aikaciyar jinya kuma mai fafutukar kula da lafiya ta Burtaniya . Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da yara ga MP Somerville Hastings a lokacin ƙuruciyarta.  An fi saninta da hidimarta ga Brigade na Ƙasa da Ƙasa a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Spain, da kuma rawar da ta taka wajen taimakawa wajen kafa Hukumar Lafiya ta Ƙasa (NHS) ta Burtaniya, da kuma kafa ƙungiyar farko ta Burtaniya don ma'aikatan jinya masu matsayi da matsayi. 

Silverthorne memba ne na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Burtaniya (CPGB) tsawon rayuwarsa.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Thora Silverthorne a cikin dangin ma'aikata a Abertillery, Wales a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba 1910, ga Sarah (née Boyt) da George Silverthorne, 'ya'ya na biyar cikin takwas. [1] Mahaifinta ya kasance ɗan fari a CPGB, memba ne mai himma a Ƙungiyar Ma'adanai ta South Wales, [2] kuma mai aikin haƙa kwal a Six Bells Colliery . [3] Ta girma a Abertillery [4] kuma ta je Makarantar Firamare ta Nantyglo kafin ta sami tallafin karatu a Makarantar Grammar Abertillery. Ta halarci makarantar Lahadi a Blaenau Gwent Baptist Chapel. [1]

Lokacin da mahaifiyar Silverthorne ta mutu a watan Agusta na 1927,  ita da iyalinta suka ƙaura zuwa Reading, Berkshire . 

Ta shiga ƙungiyar matasa ta kwaminisanci tana da shekaru 16 a lokacin yajin aikin gama gari na Burtaniya na 1926, kuma ba da daɗewa ba aka gan ta tana jagorantar tarurruka da shugaban ƙungiyar kwaminisanci Arthur Horner,  kuma daga baya ta shiga CPGB. Duk da cewa ita ma memba ce a jam'iyyar Labour ta Burtaniya, ta ci gaba da kasancewa memba a CPGB har abada.  A lokacin ƙuruciyarta a Reading, Silverthorne ta tallafa wa kanta ta hanyar sayar da *Daily Worker* ga ma'aikatan jirgin ƙasa,  kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da yara ga Somerville Hastings, 'yar majalisar jam'iyyar Labour ta Reading kuma ta kafa ƙungiyar Socialist Medical Association (SMA) .  An san Hastings da goyon bayan burin Silverthorne na zama ma'aikaciyar jinya.  A watan Maris na 1931, Silverthorne ta fara horo a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a Radcliffe Infirmary da ke Oxford, inda babbar 'yar uwarta Olive ta riga ta fara aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya.  Ta yi aikin sa kai a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya ga masu zanga-zangar yunwa ta Lancashire da ke ratsa Oxford a lokacin zanga-zangar yunwa ta ƙasa,  kuma tana da saurin "taimakawa kanta wajen yin bandeji da kayan shafa" daga sassan asibitin Radcliffe.  A lokacin da take a Oxford, an ba ta laƙabi da "Red Silverthorne" saboda ayyukanta na kwaminisanci,  kuma za ta zama abokiyar masanin tarihin Marxist Christopher Hill wanda ta haɗu da shi ta hanyar ƙungiyar kwaminisancin Oxford da aka sani da October Club . 

## Shiga Cikin Yaƙin Basasa na Spain
A watan Oktoban 1934, Silverthorne ta bar Oxford ta kammala karatunta na likitanci a Landan, kuma a shekarar 1936 ta fara aikinta na farko a Asibitin Hammersmith inda ta haɗu da wanda ya kafa Kwamitin Taimakon Lafiya na Spain (SMAC), Dakta Charles Wortham Brook .  A wannan shekarar ta shiga SMAC, shawarar da ta bayyana a matsayin 'babban shawara kuma mafi kyau kuma mafi mahimmanci da na yanke a rayuwata'.  A watan Oktoban 1936, ta yi tafiya zuwa Spain tare da mai daukar hoto Alec Wainman a matsayin wani ɓangare na Sashen Lafiya na Burtaniya,  sashin lafiya na farko na ƙasashen waje daga kowace ƙasa da ta yi tafiya zuwa Spain da yi wa gwamnatin jamhuriyar Spain hidima.  Bayan isa Spain, ta shiga cikin ƙirƙirar asibiti na farko na Burtaniya a Spain a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Spain, wanda aka kafa kusa da Grañén .  Daga baya aka zaɓe ta a matsayin babbar ma'aikaciyar jinya kuma uwar gida ta wannan asibitin.  Brigadier Michael Livesey na Burtaniya ya mutu sakamakon raunukan da ya samu a lokacin da yake hannun Silverthorne, abin tunawa da ya dame ta har tsawon rayuwarta.  A lokacin da take Spain, ta haɗu da Kenneth Sinclair-Loutit,  wanda za ta aura a lokacin yaƙin a 1937.  Silverthorne ta yi aiki kafada da kafada da Doctor Archie Cochrane, wanda ya yaba mata saboda ƙwarewarta a fannin likitanci. 

Bayan mutuwar SIlverthorne a shekarar 1999, bayanan tarihin Burtaniya da aka cire suna nuna cewa 'yan leƙen asirin gwamnatin Burtaniya suna sa ido sosai a kanta, waɗanda suka katse mata wasiƙunta suka kuma sa ido kan wayarta. 

## Manazarta