Shlomo Avineri

**Shlomo Avineri** ( Ibrananci : שלמה אבינרי;  **Jerzy Wiener** ;  20 ga Agusta 1933 - 30 Nuwamba 2023) masanin kimiyyar siyasa ne na Isra'ila. Farfesa ne a Kimiyyar Siyasa a Jami'ar Ibrananci ta Urushalima kuma memba ne na Kwalejin Kimiyya da Bil Adama ta Isra'ila .  Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin farfesa mai ziyara a Jami'ar Tsakiyar Turai da ke Budapest,  kuma a matsayin abokin aiki a cibiyar tunani ta ilimi da ke Munich *Centrum für angewandte Politikforschung,* yana ba da shawara ga 'yan siyasa. Avineri ya mutu a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 2023 yana da shekaru 90. 

## Ra'ayoyi
Avineri ya yi rubuce-rubuce da yawa kan tarihin falsafar siyasa, musamman kan tunanin siyasa na Karl Marx, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, da kuma kan ka'idojin siyasa na farko na Yahudawan Isra'ila na Moses Hess da Theodor Herzl . Ya kuma rubuta littattafai da kasidu da dama kan harkokin Gabas ta Tsakiya da harkokin ƙasa da ƙasa.

Avineri ya ba da gudummawa wajen sake duba tunanin siyasa na Hegel da kuma nuna ra'ayin jama'a na Hegel. &#x5B; ** &#x5D; Avineri shi ma ya shiga cikin muhawarar da aka yi kan rusa Tarayyar Soviet . Ya yi jayayya cewa tsarin Rasha kafin shekarar 1917 ne, da kuma al'adun kama-karya na gwamnatin Rasha da kuma ƙungiyoyin farar hula masu rauni, ne suka tura juyin juya halin Oktoba zuwa ga ci gabanta na danniya. Tarihin rayuwarsa ta ilimi game da Herzl ya nuna yadda ci gaba a Daular Austro-Hungary ta asali, maimakon Al'amarin Dreyfus a Faransa, ya shawo kan Herzl game da gazawar 'yancin Yahudawa a Turai da kuma buƙatar nemo mafita ta siyasa ga Yahudawa, bisa ga ikon mallakar ƙasa, a wajen Turai.

Ayyukansa sun fito a cikin *Dissent*,  *Harkokin Waje*,  da kuma *The New York Review of Books* .  Ya kan bayar da gudummawa ga *Haaretz* akai-akai. Ya kasance memba na kwamitin edita na *Jewish Review of Books* . Colette Avital yana yi wa Avineri godiya, ya rubuta: "A shekarar ƙarshe ta rayuwarsa, bayan zaɓen 2022 wanda ya ba wa jam'iyyun 'yan ra'ayin mazan jiya ƙarfi, [ya] zaɓi ya yi nazarin wannan lamari a cikin wani yanayi mai faɗi na duniya, yana nuna rikice-rikicen da ke ci gaba da faruwa a cikin dimokuraɗiyya da yawa na Yamma. Ya jaddada rugujewar jam'iyyun siyasa na gargajiya da kuma ƙaruwar 'yan ra'ayin mazan jiya na ra'ayin mazan jiya. Duk da cewa yanayi ya bambanta daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasa, a cewar [Avineri], abin da ya jawo faduwarsu shi ne gazawarsu wajen daidaitawa da yanayin da ke canzawa, shige da fice da yawa, da kafofin sada zumunta, wanda ke ba 'yan siyasa masu ra'ayin mazan jiya damar isa ga jama'a ta hanyar da ba za su iya yi ba a baya." 

## Mukaman da aka riƙe
Avineri ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan Cibiyar Bincike ta Eshkol (1971-1974), shugaban Faculty of Social Sciences (1974-1976).  darakta-janar na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje (1976–1977), da kuma darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Turai a Jami'ar Ibrananci (1997–2002). 

Avineri ya yi ayyuka da yawa na ziyara, ciki har da Jami'ar Yale, Jami'ar Wesleyan, Jami'ar Ƙasa ta Australiya, Jami'ar Cornell, Jami'ar California, Kwalejin Sarauniya, Oxford, Jami'ar Northwestern, Makarantar Shari'a ta Cardozo, Oxford, da Jami'ar Toronto .  Ya kasance malami mai ziyara a Cibiyar Wilson, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace,  Brookings Institution da ke Washington, DC, da kuma Cibiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya da Hulɗar Ƙasashen Duniya da ke Moscow. Farfesa ne mai yawan ziyara a Jami'ar Tsakiyar Turai, da ke Budapest. Ya kuma kasance tsohon memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na Majalisar Harkokin Waje ta Isra'ila .

### MANAZARTA