Shirin Ayyukan Yanayi na Mumbai

**Mumbai climate Action Plan**, wani shiri na gwamnatin jiha, an kafa shi a cikin 2021 don magance da kuma magance karuwar ƙalubalen sauyin yanayi. An ƙaddamar da shi a hukumance a cikin Maris 2022. Tsohon Ministan Muhalli na Maharashtra, Aaditya Thackeray ya bayyana wannan tsari a watan Satumba na 2021 bayan Mumbai ya shiga C40 Cities Network a watan Disamba 2020. An tsara wannan tsarin aikin sauyin yanayi ta hanyar Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (MCGM) don taimako tare da Cibiyar Ilimi ta Duniya (W.RI). Wannan shirin zai yi aiki a matsayin taswirar hanya na shekaru 30 da tsarin tsari don jagorantar birnin Mumbai, da kuma duba yanayin juriya tare da ragewa da dabarun daidaitawa ta hanyar ƙananan carbon, juriya, da hanyoyin ci gaba mai haɗaka. Kasancewa shirin aiwatar da sauyin yanayi na farko na Indiya, yana da niyyar saita fitar da iskar gas mai zafi da kore a cikin 2050, shekaru ashirin kafin manufar da Gwamnatin Tsakiyar Indiya ta sanya a taron Glasgow COP a 2021. Muhimman fannonin ayyuka da dabaru guda shida da aka shimfida a cikin wannan shirin su ne: Gudanar da sharar gida mai dorewa, ciyawar birni da bambancin halittu, ambaliya ta birni da sarrafa albarkatun ruwa, Makamashi da gine-gine, ingancin iska da motsi mai dorewa.

## Tsarin lokaci
An shirya tsarin kammala wannan shirin kafin Nuwamba 2021 kafin taron sauyin yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2021 (COP26).

A ranar 13 ga Maris, 2022, Babban Ministan Maharashtra, Shri Uddhav Thackeray, ya ƙaddamar tare da fitar da Shirin Ayyukan Yanayi na Mumbai kusan a taron ƙaddamar da taron wanda Ministan Muhalli, Aditya Thackeray, Minista Sanjay Bansode, Magajin garin Mumbai Kishori Pednekar, Kwamishinan Municipal Iqbal Singh Chahal na cikin waɗanda suka halarta. Lubaina Rangawala daga WRI India, C40 Cities da Saurabh Punamiya ne suka rubuta wannan shirin daga Gwamnatin Maharashtra

## Ƙarfafawa
Kamar yadda wani bincike da WRI ta gudanar kan kimanta rashin lafiyar Mumbai, babban birnin zai fuskanci manyan kalubalen yanayi guda biyu—hauwar yanayin zafi da matsanancin ruwan sama wanda zai iya haifar da ambaliya mai yawa. Mumbai kasancewarsa ɗaya daga cikin manyan biranen da ke da hatsarin sauyin yanayi a duniya, saboda birni ne mai yawan jama'a wanda ke da ƙarancin murfin kore kuma buɗaɗɗen wurare na ƙara ɗumama. Wani bincike ya nuna cewa tsakanin 1980 zuwa 2018, Mumbai ta rasa kashi 40% na koren koren, kashi 81% na budadden fili, kuma an kiyasta kashi 30% na ruwa, yayin da akasin haka, an samu karuwar kashi 66% a wuraren da aka ginawa da aka samu ci gaba.

Har ila yau, saboda hawan teku da Mumbai kewaye da teku daga bangarori uku, kuma mai saurin faruwar hadari da guguwa, Kudancin Mumbai yana gab da nutsewa nan da 2050 kamar yadda masana suka yi gargadin.

## Yankunan ayyuka guda shida

### Gudanar da Sharar Dorewa
Ana ci gaba da ɓullo da tsarin kula da dattin datti don raba shara a matakin unguwanni. A halin yanzu akwai juji uku a Mumbai-a cikin Deonar, Mulund da Kanjurmarg. Wani bincike ya nuna cewa kiyasin, Mumbai kadai ke haifar da kashi daya bisa uku na sharar Maharashtra. Kamar yadda buɗaɗɗen juji na haifar da haɗari iri-iri kamar sakin iskar gas, haɗarin haɗari da wuta ke haifarwa, gurɓataccen iska da ruwa, kwari da matsalolin rodent da sauransu. Don haka dole ne a kawar da wannan hanya ta tsakiya sannan kuma ana bukatar hanyoyin da za a bi don samar da sharar gida a nan gaba inda za a iya rage yawan sharar gida da kuma samar da kima daga sharar gida ta hanyar takin zamani, sake yin amfani da su, dawo da makamashi don biyan bukatun birnin na kula da sharar mai dorewa. Wannan shirin zai fito da wata dabara don karkasa tsarin sarrafa shara na Mumbai tare da sarrafa matakin juzu'i na sharar gida don ƙirƙirar takin mai mahimmanci, nada kwazon jami'an sharar gida da kuma daidaita masu ruwa da tsaki tare da Ma'aikatar Kula da Sharar ta Babban Mumbai (MCGM) da Ma'aikatar Kula da Sharar Maharashtra (MPCB). Har ila yau, BMC ta ba da umarnin aiwatar da aikin jika da ƙazamin shara na wajibi ga manyan janareta don ba da magani a tushen idan yana da yanki fiye da murabba'in 5,000.

### Ganyen Birane da Rarrabuwar Halittu
Wani bincike ya nuna cewa ana samun ƙananan wuraren samun kuɗi a Mumbai suna da ƙarancin murfin kore. Yankuna kamar Dongri, Bhuleshwar wanda ya zo a Ward B da C, sun fi sauran wuraren zafi. Shirin Ayyukan Yanayi na Mumbai zai jaddada buƙatar haɓaka koren rufin da ɗimbin halittu na birni a cikin tsari da kuma haɗaka. Tsare-tsare guda huɗu da aka ba da shawarar su ne juriya mai zafi da sarrafa iskar carbon, Rage ambaliya, Samun damar buɗe wuraren buɗe ido, Ingantattun nau'ikan halittu.

## Manazarta