Hedy Lamarr

**Hedy Lamarr** (/ ˈhɛdi /; an haife ta Hedwig Eva Maria Kiesler; Nuwamba 9, 1914 - Janairu 19, 2000) ƴar wasan kwaikwayo ce kuma  ƴar asalin Ba'amurkiys ƴar Ostiriya. Bayan ɗan gajeren aikin fim na farko a Czechoslovakia, gami da rikice-rikice na wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya Ecstasy (1933), ta gudu daga mijinta na farko, Friedrich Mandl, kuma ta koma Paris a asirce. Tafiya zuwa London, ta sadu da Louis B. Mayer, wanda ya ba ta kwangilar fim a Hollywood. Lamarr ta zama tauraruwar fim tare da wasanta a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya Algiers (1938). Ta sami ƙarin nasara tare da Western Boom Town (1940) da wasan kwaikwayo White Cargo (1942). Fim ɗin Lamarr mafi nasara shine almara na addini Samson da Delilah (1949). Ta kuma yi wasan kwaikwayo a talabijin kafin fitowar fim dinta na ƙarshe a 1958. An karrama ta da tauraro a cikin Hollywood Walk of Fame a 1960.

A farkon yakin duniya na biyu, tare da George Antheil, Lamarr ta kirkiro tsarin jagora na rediyo don masu karfin iska mai karfi da suka yi amfani da fasahar watsa bakan da kuma fasahar hopping mita don kayar da barazanar gurguncewar rediyo daga ikon Axis. Koyaya, ba a yi amfani da fasahar ba a cikin tsarin aiki har sai bayan yakin duniya na biyu, sannan kuma ba tare da izinin haƙƙin mallaka ba.

## Rayuwar Baya
An haifi Lamarr Hedwig Eva Maria Kiesler a cikin 1914 a Vienna, ɗayan ɗayan Gertrud "Trude" Kiesler (née Lichtwitz) da Emil Kiesler.

An haifi mahaifinta ga dangin Galici-Yahudawa a Lemberg a cikin Masarautar Galicia da Lodomeria, wani yanki na Daular Austriya (yanzu Lviv a Ukraine) kuma ya kasance, a cikin 1920s, mataimakin darektan Wiener Bankverein, kuma a ƙarshen rayuwarsa darekta a ƙungiyar Creditanstalt-Bankverein. Mahaifiyarta, ’yar wasan pian kuma ’yar asalin Budapest, ta fito ne daga dangin Hungarian-Yahudawa babba. Ta koma Katolika kuma an kwatanta ta a matsayin "Kirista mai aiki" wacce ta rene 'yarta a matsayin Kirista, kodayake Hedy ba ta yi baftisma ba a lokacin.

Lokacin yarinta, Lamarr ta nuna sha'awar yin wasan kwaikwayo kuma tana sha'awar wasan kwaikwayo da fim. Tana da shekaru 12, ta ci gasar kyau a Vienna. Har ila yau, ta fara koyo game da fasahar kere-kere tare da mahaifinta, wanda zai fitar da ita yawo, yana bayyana yadda na'urorin ke aiki.

## Aikin fina-finan Turai

### Aikin Baya
Lamarr tana karatun wasan kwaikwayo a Vienna wata rana, ta ƙirƙiri takarda daga mahaifiyarta kuma ta tafi Sascha-Film kuma ta sami damar ɗaukar kanta a matsayin yarinya mai rubutun. Yayin da take can, tana da rawa a matsayin ƙarin a cikin wasan ban dariya na soyayya akan Titin (1930), sannan ƙaramin magana a cikin guguwar ban dariya a cikin Gilashin Ruwa (1931). Furodusa Max Reinhardt sai ya jefa ta a cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo mai suna The Weaker Sex, wanda aka yi a gidan wasan kwaikwayo a der Josefstadt. Reinhardt ya burge ta sosai har ya dawo da ita zuwa Berlin.

Koyaya, ba ta taɓa samun horo tare da Reinhardt ba ko kuma ta fito a cikin ɗayan ayyukansa na Berlin. Maimakon haka, ta sadu da mai shirya wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha Alexis Granowsky, wanda ya jefa ta a cikin fim ɗinsa na farko na darakta, The Trunks of Mr. O.F. (1931), tare da Walter Abel da Peter Lorre. Ba da daɗewa ba Granowsky ya koma Paris, amma Lamarr ya zauna a Berlin kuma an ba shi jagorancin jagora a cikin Babu Kuɗi da ake buƙata (1932), wasan barkwanci wanda Carl Boese ya jagoranta. Daga nan sai Lamarr ta fito a cikin fim din wanda ya sa ta shahara a duniya.

## Manazarta