Kungiyar Tarihin Halitta ta Northumbria

**Ƙungiyar Tarihin Halitta ta Northumbria** ( **NHSN** ) ƙungiya ce ta sa kai don haɓaka nazarin tarihin halitta da kuma kare namun daji na Arewa maso Gabashin Ingila.

Ofisoshinsa da ɗakin karatunsa suna cikin Babban Gidan Tarihi na Arewa: Hancock, wanda gininsa, filaye da tarin kayansa ke mallaka. Yana ba da hayar su ga Jami'ar Newcastle, wacce a madadinta ake gudanar da su ta hannun Tyne & Wear Archives & Museums . Tana da babban ɗakin karatu da taskar tarihi na halitta kuma tana kula da Gosforth Nature Reserve, ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin wuraren adana namun daji da aka keɓe a Arewa maso Gabashin Ingila. Hakanan tana gudanar da bincike da bayar da jawabai, tafiye-tafiyen fili da darussa na ilimi, da kuma buga takardu na kimiyya.

## Gosforth Nature Reserve
NHSN ta kula da Gosforth Nature Reserve tun daga shekarar 1929. Wannan 1&nbsp;km x 1&nbsp;Wurin mafakar namun daji na kilomita a arewacin Newcastle upon Tyne ya haɗa da wani tafki mai zurfi mai faɗi da kuma babban gadon reshe, dazuzzuka masu gauraye da ƙananan wurare na filayen fure na daji. Wurin ajiyar yana da mahimmanci a kimiyya ga flora da fauna marasa mahimmanci, waɗanda suka haɗa da bittern, kingfisher, otter, coralroot orchid da purple hairstreak malam buɗe ido.

Wurin ajiyar yana da fatu da hanyoyin shiga da fita waɗanda ke ba wa baƙi damar kallon tsuntsayen ruwa, tsuntsayen waterfowl da kuma tsuntsayen gadon reed a ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun wuraren kallon tsuntsaye a yankin Newcastle. Hanyoyin Woodland da wurin ciyar da dabbobi suna ba da damar ganin nau'ikan tsuntsayen daji, dabbobi masu shayarwa da furanni iri-iri. Samun damar shiga wurin ajiyar an takaita shi ga membobin NHSN ko waɗanda suka sayi Takardar Baƙi daga Wurin Maraba da Kai lokacin da suka isa.

## Littattafai
Jaridar North East Naturalist (wanda aka sani da Transactions har zuwa 2009) ta NHSN ta buga tun daga 1831. Wannan mujallar ta ƙunshi takardu na kimiyya, bincike da lura game da tarihin halitta a fadin Northumbria kuma ita ce kawai mujallar irinta a Arewa maso Gabas. An buga namun daji na Arewa maso Gabas tare da haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyoyin kiyayewa daban-daban waɗanda ke kula da wurare daban-daban a bakin tekun Northumberland. Wannan rahoton na shekara-shekara yana ɗauke da adadin tsuntsayen da ke kiwo a Tsibirin Farne, rahoton ƙarar tsuntsaye da kuma bayanin duk abubuwan da ba a saba gani ba da aka lura a lokacin da masu kula da su ke zaune. Na biyun kuma ya haɗa da cikakkun bayanai game da ganin cetacean, bayanai game da yankin hatimin launin toka na Tsibirin Farne da kuma labarin tarihin malam buɗe ido da ƙwari.

## Ayyuka
NHSN ta ci gaba da samar da tafiye-tafiye iri-iri, tarurrukan  da darussa na ilimi] waɗanda aka tsara don ƙarfafa al'ajabi a duniyar halitta, da kuma jawabai masu ba da labari a ranar Litinin da yamma a duk lokacin hunturu. Kwanan nan, ƙungiyar ta ƙaddamar da Tattaunawar 1829 - wanda masana kimiyya na farko da ke karatu a jami'o'in yankin suka gabatar.

NHSN ta ci gaba da himma wajen kiyayewa da bincike a Arewa maso Gabashin Ingila, tana ba da gudummawa ga kwamitoci daban-daban da suka shafi kare namun daji na yankin. Ta hanyar yin karar tsuntsaye, rikodin halittu da ƙananan tallafi don tallafawa nazarin muhalli na gida, tana ci gaba da shiga cikin sa ido kan sahihancin namun daji na gida. Kwanan nan, NHSN ta kuma ƙaddamar da ayyukan kimiyya da dama na 'yan ƙasa, ciki har da farautar kudan zuma ta Arewa maso Gabas da Wurin Ladybird na Arewa maso Gabas . Daga tsuntsayen Heather Ladybirds zuwa tsuntsayen ladybird marasa ganuwa, na biyun ya riga ya bayyana wasu abubuwan da aka gano da yawa.

NHSN ta ci gaba da tallafawa ci gaban matasa masu ilimin halitta ta hanyar Shirin Kyautar Dalibai  da tallafi ta Asusun Lantern na Matasa.

## Tarihi
Muhimman abubuwan da suka faru a tarihin NHSN sune kamar haka. 

* An kafa NHSN a ranar 19 ga Agusta 1829 a matsayin reshen ƙungiyar Adabi da Falsafa ta Newcastle upon Tyne, wadda aka kafa a shekarar 1793. Da farko an sanya mata suna Ƙungiyar Tarihin Halitta ta Northumberland, Durham da Newcastle upon Tyne, kuma daga baya ta sami sunan ta na yanzu. Ta fara da membobin 134.
* A shekarar 1832, domin a ɗauki nauyin tarin kayan tarihi na NHSN, an tara kuɗi don gina sabon gidan tarihi, Gidan Tarihi na Newcastle. Wannan yana kan ƙasa a bayan ginin ƙungiyar Adabi da Falsafa (wanda yanzu ɓangare ne na tashar Newcastle ). An buɗe shi ga jama'a a shekarar 1834.
* A shekarar 1878, an sanar da shirin gina babban gidan tarihi, Gidan Tarihi na Great North: Hancock (kamar yadda ake kiransa yanzu). John Hancock (duba ƙasa), masanin kimiyyar halittu na gida kuma masanin kimiyyar taxider, shine wanda ya jagoranci aikin. Yarima da Gimbiya na Wales sun buɗe Gidan Tarihi a hukumance a ranar 20 ga Agusta 1884, a tsakiyar manyan bukukuwa da Sir William da Lady Armstrong na Cragside suka shirya. An sanya masa suna Gidan Tarihi na Hancock a shekarar 1891 don tunawa da John da Albany Hancock, kuma an samo sunansa na yanzu a shekarar 2009 bayan an gyara shi.
* A shekarar 1924, an kafa Gosforth Nature Reserve, da farko a matsayin wurin ajiye tsuntsaye, lokacin da WE Beck, memba na ƙungiyar, ya yi hayar haƙƙin harbin bindiga a kan Gosforth Park daga masu shi, Kamfanin High Gosforth Park. A shekarar 1929, Mista Beck, wanda ke fama da rashin lafiya, ya miƙa waɗannan haƙƙin ga NHSN, wanda ke kula da shi ga namun daji tun daga lokacin.
* A shekarar 1949, NHSN ta zama ƙungiyar da ke yin ƙarar tsuntsaye ta Tsibiran Farne, kuma wannan aikin ya ci gaba har zuwa yau. A shekarar 1951, ƙungiyar ta fara nazarin hatimin launin toka a Tsibiran Farne cikin tsari, inda ta fara bincike mafi tsawo a kowace ƙasar Birtaniya da aka yi wa hatimin launin toka.
* A shekarar 1960, NHSN, wacce ke fafutukar kula da Gidan Tarihi na Hancock, ta cimma yarjejeniya da Kwalejin Kings (wanda yanzu Jami'ar Newcastle ce) inda ta sami hayar gidan tarihi da tarin kayan tarihi na tsawon shekaru 99. An ƙirƙiri kwamitin gudanarwa kuma aka ɗora alhakin gudanar da gidan tarihi da kuma adana tarin. Har yanzu ana wakiltar ƙungiyar a kan wannan batu.
* A tsakanin 1961 zuwa 1962, NHSN ta taimaka wajen kafa Northumberland da Durham Naturalists' Trust, wanda yanzu shine Northumberland Wildlife Trust da Durham Wildlife Trust . Akwai dangantaka mai ƙarfi da waɗannan har zuwa yau.
* A shekara ta 2006, an cire Gidan Tarihi na Hancock daga aiki kuma an gyara shi sosai, wanda ya sake zama wani ɓangare na Gidan Tarihi na Great North a shekara ta 2009.

## Manazarta