Beverly Willis

**Beverly Willis** FAIA (17 ga Fabrairu, 1928 - 1 ga Oktoba, 2023) ta kasance mai ginin gine-gine 'yar Amurka wacce ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka ra'ayoyi da ayyukan gine-gine da yawa waɗanda suka yi tasiri ga ƙirar biranen Amurka da gine-gine.  Nasarorin Willis a haɓaka sabbin fasahohi a fannin gine-gine,  tsara birane, manufofin jama'a da ayyukanta na jagoranci a madadin masu gine-gine sanannu ne.   Aikin ginin da ta fi shahara shine Ginin Ballet na San Francisco   a San Francisco, California . Ta kasance tare da kafa Gidan Tarihi na Gine-gine na Ƙasa, a Washington, DC, kuma ta kafa Gidauniyar Beverly Willis Architecture, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da ke aiki don canza al'adar mata a masana'antar gine-gine ta hanyar bincike da ilimi. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Beverly Willis a Tulsa, Oklahoma, 'yar Margaret Elizabeth Porter, ma'aikaciyar jinya, da Ralph William Willis, ɗan kasuwa a masana'antar mai kuma masanin noma. Ɗan'uwan Willis, Ralph Gerald Willis (1930–1999), ya yi aiki a rundunar sojojin Amurka kuma daga baya ya yi ritaya zuwa Tsibirin Fiji .

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, yana da shekaru 15, Willis ta koyi tuka jirgin sama mai injina ɗaya domin ta cancanci shiga Rundunar Jiragen Sama ta Mata . Daga nan Willis ta ƙaura tare da mahaifiyarta, wacce yanzu ta sake aure, zuwa Portland, Oregon, inda Willis ta kammala karatun sakandare. Willis ta yi karatun injiniyanci a Jami'ar Jihar Oregon daga 1946 zuwa 1948. Ta kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Hawaiʻi a 1954 tare da digiri na farko a fannin Fasaha da girmamawa. 

### Willis Atelier
Bayan kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Hawaiʻi, Willis ta kafa Willis Atelier a Waikiki, inda ta ci gaba da aikin zane-zane da zane-zane da aka fara a kwaleji a ƙarƙashin horar da Jean Charlot . A cikin ɗakin studio na Charlot, an gabatar da Willis ga alaƙar geometric da organic tsakanin fasaha da yanayi, tana nazarin tsirrai, furanni, da furanni don gano yanayin halitta. Wannan fahimtar dangantakar da ke tsakanin yanayin ƙasa, yanayi, da kyau daga baya zai yi tasiri ga tsarin ƙirar ɗan adam na gine-gine.

A shekarar 1956, Willis ya fara amfani da fasahar zane-zanen yashi, ciki har da wani allon da aka yi amfani da shi a Shell Bar a Royal Hawaiian Hilton. Shell Bar, wanda Willis shi ma ya tsara, ya zama abin tarihi a cikin shirin talabijin *na Hawaiian Eye* .

### Beverly Willis Architects
A shekarar 1958, Willis ta buɗe ofishin ƙira a San Francisco, California. Aikinta na farko a matsayin mai zane-zane a kafofin watsa labarai da yawa, a Honolulu, Hawaii, ya haifar da aikinta a fannin ƙirar shagunan sayar da kayayyaki, wanda aka san ta a duk faɗin ƙasar.  A ƙarshen shekarun 1960, lokacin da faɗaɗa birane ke bunƙasa, Willis ta haɗa ƙwarewarta ta dillanci da manyan gidaje, wanda daga baya ya rikide zuwa ƙira don cibiyoyi, tsara birane da haɓakawa. An fi saninta da sabbin hanyoyinta na amfani da gine-gine daban-daban, gami da: Gine-ginen Ballet na San Francisco, gini na farko a Amurka wanda aka tsara musamman don amfani da kamfanin Ballet da makaranta; da Union Street Stores, waɗanda wasu masana tarihi suka bayyana a matsayin gudummawa ta farko ga ci gaban motsi na gine-ginen tarihi na zamani mai daidaitawa;  da Manhattan Village Academy, makarantar sakandare ta Sashen Ilimi na Birnin New York wanda ya kasance samfurin sabbin ra'ayoyin koyarwa da aka haɗa a cikin ƙananan makarantu ko makarantu masu haya.

Sabbin abubuwan da Willis ya ƙirƙira sun dogara ne akan bincike mai zurfi kuma an ƙera ƙirar gine-gine daga takamaiman ayyukan gini, galibi sababbi, wanda ke ba wa kowane gini kamanni na musamman. Daga cikin manyan nasarorin da Willis ya samu akwai haɓaka da kuma rubuta tsarin kwamfuta na cikin gida, Tsarin Kwamfuta don Nazarin Ƙasa na Gidaje, wanda aka kira CARLA, a cikin 1970.   A cikin 1995, Willis ta kafa Cibiyar Bincike ta Gine-gine don nazarin ci gaban biranen duniya nan gaba. A cikin 1997, Gidan Tarihi na Gine-gine na Ƙasa ya buga littafinta, "Hotunan da Ba a Gani Ba - Harshen Gine-gine Mai Shiru."  Ganin cewa ba a haɗa muhimman gudummawar mata ga gine-gine a cikin tarihin gine-gine ba - kuma ta fahimci cewa makomar ta dogara ne akan abin da ya gabata - ta kafa Gidauniyar Gine-gine ta Beverly Willis, a cikin 2002, tare da manufar canza al'adun gine-gine ta hanyar bincike da ilimi. 

### Willis da Abokan Zane-zane
An ƙirƙiri kuma an sadaukar da Willis da Associates Architects da aikin samar da hanyoyin inshora da hanyoyin magance haɗari ga masu gine-gine da injiniyoyi. An ƙera shi sama da shekaru 39 da suka gabata kuma ya yi wa kamfanonin ƙira sama da 500 hidima a faɗin Arewacin Amurka.  

#### MANAZARTA