Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam a Nijar

A tsarin mulkin Jamhuriyar Nijar na Shekara ta 1999, akasarin 'yancin dan adam, kamar yadda dokar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ta bayyana, ana kiyaye su. Duk da wadannan kariyar, damuwar kungiyoyin ta kare hakkin dan Adam na cikin gida da na kasashen waje an tashe ta game da halayyar gwamnati, sojoji, rundunonin ‘yan sanda, da kuma cigaba da al’adun gargajiya wadanda suka saba wa tsarin mulkin Na shekara ta 1999. A karkashin mulkin mallakar Faransa (1900-1960) da kuma daga samun ‘yanci har zuwa Shekara ta 1992,‘ yan asalin Nijar ba su da ‘yancin siyasa sosai, kuma suna rayuwa karkashin ikon gwamnati ba tare da son kai ba. Kuma duk da cewa lamarin ya inganta tun bayan komawa ga mulkin farar hula, amma har yanzu ana sukar halin da ake ciki game da hakkin dan Adam a kasar.

## Tsarin mulki na 18 Yulin shekarar 1999
Kundin Tsarin Mulki na ranar 18 ga watan Yulin Shekara ta 1999, takaddun kafa Jamhuriya ta Biyar ta Jamhuriyar Nijar kuma tushen tsarinta na shari’a, ya ba da tabbaci game da wasu hakkoki ga kowane dan kasar Nijar. Waɗannan sun haɗa da haƙƙoƙin daidaituwa a gaban doka, tsarin shari'a, zaɓen gama gari, 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki, da' yancin addini. 

* *Title I, Mataki na 9 ya* ce:

Hakkokin nan guda daya za a baiwa kowane dan Nijer da ke da cikakkiyar damar ‘yan kasa da siyasa da kuma cika sharuddan cancanta kamar yadda doka ta tanada.

### Ofisoshin 'Yancin Dan Adam
Har ila yau, kundin tsarin mulkin ya kirkiro wani kwamiti na kasa na Jamhuriyar Nijar kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da' Yanci na dan Adam don yin bincike da bayar da rahoto game da take hakkin dan Adam. An zaɓi membobinta daga ƙungiyoyi masu yawa na 'yancin ɗan Adam, ƙungiyoyin shari'a, da ofisoshin gwamnati. Ba ta da ikon kamawa, amma tana iya bincika cin zarafin ko dai don son ranta ko kuma lokacin da wanda aka zalunta aka caje shi. Ya kai rahoto ga shugaban kasar Nijar . 

## Tarihi tun daga samun 'yancin kai
Nijar ta kasance tana da kundin tsarin mulki sau hudu tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai a shekara ta 1960, amma hudu daga cikin shugabannin ƙasar bakwai sun kasance shugabannin sojoji, wadanda suka karbi mulki a juyin mulki guda uku. An gudanar da zaben shugaban kasa na farko a shekara ta 1993 (shekaru 33 bayan samun ‘yanci), kuma zaben kananan hukumomi na farko kawai an yi shi ne a Shekara ta 2007. Kundin tsarin mulki na Shekara ta 1999 ya bi bayan juyin mulki ne ga shugaban kasa Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara da wasu shugabannin sojoji suka yi. Kafin boren Shekara ta 1992 wanda ya haifar da zabe na 'yanci, yan Nijar ba su da ta cewa game da mulkin alumma. A shekara ta 2004 aka zabi Mamadou Tandja a wa'adin mulkinsa na biyu na shekaru biyar a zaben da masu sa ido na kasa da kasa suka yi la'akari da cewa gaba daya 'yanci ne.

### 'Yancin' yan jarida

Nijar ta kasance da wata al’ada ta adawar ‘yan jaridu kai tsaye, wacce take fama da matsalolin danniyar gwamnati. Daga Shekara ta 1999 zuwa 2007, ‘yan jarida masu zaman kansu, musamman rediyo ya bunkasa. Da zuwan Tawayen Abzinawa na Biyu a Shekara ta 2007, gwamnati ta fara gurfanar da ita a karkashin ikon gaggawa, waɗanda ake zargin ‘yan jaridu na kasashen waje da na cikin gida wadanda ake zargi da tuntubar shugabannin‘ yan tawaye, kuma sun kori mambobin jaridar na kasashen waje daga ƙasar. 

### 'Yancin addini
Tsarin mulki ya tanadi 'yancin gudanar da addini, kuma gwamnati na mutunta wannan ƴancin a aikace. Al’ummar ƙasar Nijar, ko da yake galibinsu Musulmi ne, suna da mutuntawa da juriya da bambancin addini.

## Bauta
en.  Timidria

. &#x2013; 

su.  

## Yanayin tarihi
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## Yarjejeniyar duniya
Matsayin kasar Nijar game da yarjejeniyoyin kare haƙƙin bil adama na duniya kamar haka:

## Duba kuma

* Indigénat, tsarin doka a ƙarƙashin mulkin mallakar Faransa.
* Binciken intanet da sa ido a Nijar
* Jerin sa hannun Manufofin Dan Adam:
** Dokar zubar da ciki : mai halatta a cikin hadari ga uwa kawai.
** Tsarin lokaci na cin zaɓe na mata : An ƙaddamar da zaɓen mata a 1948
** Hakkokin (LGBT) a Nijar : dokoki sun fi sassauci, amma luwadi da madigo kwata-kwata haramun ne.
** Amfani da hukuncin kisa ta hanyar kasa : alhali ba haramtacciya ba, an bayyana Nijar a matsayin "An soke ta a aikace", tare da zartar da hukuncin karshe a jihar a shekarar 1976.
** Makarantar barin shekaru : Yara na iya barin karatun dole a shekaru 16, amma ana iya aiki da doka a 14.
** Shekaru na sharia : shekara 18. Kodayake Musulmai ne da yawa, ba a hana siyar da giya ba.
** 'Yancin Duniya a Duniya (rahoto) na 2007 da Gidauniyar Freedom House da ke Amurka ta dauki Nijar a matsayin "' Yanci Sashe"
** Jerin mujallar dimokiradiyya ta mujallar tattalin arziki da ke Burtaniya ta fitar da darajar Nijar a matsayin 122 na 167 da kuma "tsarin mulkin kama-karya".
** Jerin kasashen da aka yi kasa kasa a shekarar 2007 daga Asusun samar da zaman lafiya a kasar ta Niger a matsayin na 32 daga cikin mawuyacin hali a cikin rashin tasirin gwamnati.
** Fihirisar Ganin Cin Hanci da Rashawa ya yiwa Niger ƙimar 132 na 179, tare da ƙimar 2.6, ya inganta tun 2004.
* Hanyoyin Afirka na 'Yan ci-rani : Nijar na kan babbar hanyar ƙaura ba tare da takardu ba daga Saharar Afirka zuwa Turai.
* Bauta a Afirka ta zamani
* Timidria : Kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu masu yaki da bautar da 'yan Nijar

## Bayanan kula

: 1. ^ Lura cewa "Shekarar" tana nufin "Shekarar da aka rufe". Saboda haka bayanai na shekarar da aka yiwa alama ta 2008 daga rahoton da aka buga a 2009, da sauransu.
: 2. ^ Kamar yadda na Janairu 1.
: 3. ^ Rahoton 1982 ya shafi shekara ta 1981 da farkon rabin 1982, kuma rahoton 1984 mai zuwa ya shafi rabin rabin 1982 da 1983 duka. Dangane da sauki, an rarraba wadannan rahotanni guda biyu "shekara daya da rabi" zuwa rahotanni na tsawan shekaru uku ta hanyar musayar bayanai.

## Manazarta

* BBCETUDE SUR L'ETAT DE LA LIBERTE D'EXPRESSION AU NIGER. Pas de dimokradiyya ba tare da nuna damuwa ba har abada . Mataki na 19: CAMPAGNE MONDIALE POUR LA LIBERTE D'EXPRESSION. London (Oktoba 2007). ISBN da aka buga a cikin takaddar (978-1-902598-96-2) ba ta da inganci, wanda ke haifar da kuskuren binciken cak.
* MANUEL DE FORMATION EN DUKA DE L'HOMME KYAUTA YAN SANDA (Yan sanda Nationale Niger) . Wanda aka hada kuma aka bashi kudi ta Direction Générale de la Police Nationale (Niger), Faculté des Sciences Économiques et Juridiques (FSEJ) - Niamey, Institut Danois des Droits de l'Homme (IDDH) - Denmark, & Agence Danoise de Développement (DANIDA) --Denmark. (2004)

## Hanyoyin haɗin waje

* Rahoton shekara-shekara na 2012 , na Amnesty International
* Rahoton 'Yanci a cikin Rahoton Duniya na 2012 , na Freedom House