Madeline Miller

**Madeline Miller** (an haife ta a watan Yuli 24, 1978) marubuciya ce ƴar Amurka, marubuciyar *The Song of Achilles* (2011) da *Circe* (2018). Miller ta shafe shekaru goma tana rubuta *Waƙar Achilles* yayin da ta yi aiki a matsayin malamin Latin da Girkanci. Littafin labari ta ba da labarin soyayya tsakanin masu tatsuniyoyi na Achilles da Patroclus ; ya lashe kyautar Orange Prize for Fiction, wanda ya sa Miller ya zama marubuci na huɗu na farko don lashe kyautar. Ita ce mai karɓar lambar yabo ta Alex a 2019.

## Rayuwar Farko da Iyali
An haifi Miller a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 1978, a Boston kuma ya girma a cikin New York City da Philadelphia .   Miller ta halarci Jami'ar Brown, tana kammala karatun digiri na farko da na biyu a cikin Classics (2000 da 2001, bi da bi). Ta fara rubuta littafinta na farko, *The Song of Achilles,* a lokacin shekarar karshe ta karatun digirinta bayan da ta shirya samar da *Troilus da Cressida* . Ta ce abin da ya faru a cikin wasan kwaikwayon da ke nuna mutuwar Patroclus ya sa ta sha'awar ba da labarinsa kuma ya sa ta fara rubutawa.  Kafin wannan lokacin, ta riga ta kasance da sha'awar tatsuniyoyi na Girkanci da litattafai. Mahaifiyarta, ma'aikaciyar ɗakin karatu, ta fara karanta ta tana ɗan shekara biyar kuma ta fara koyon Latin a 11.

Tun tana ƙaramar yarinya tana da sha'awar Tatsuniyar Girkanci. Ta girma a kan Upper East Side, ta shafe lokaci mai yawa a Met mai ban sha'awa game da mayaka, jarumai da alloli.  Ɗaya daga cikin mayaƙan da ta fi so a Met shi ne wani mutum-mutumi na marmara na wani jarumi na Amazon da ya ji rauni wanda jini ya sauke a gefen ƙirjinta. 

Bayan kammala karatun digiri, Miller ya ci gaba da koyar da Latin, Greek, da Shakespeare ga daliban sakandare. [1] [3] Yayin da yake aiki a matsayin malami, Miller ya ci gaba da aiki a kan littafinta.

Daga baya ta yi karatu na tsawon shekara guda a Kwamitin Tunanin zamantakewa na Jami'ar [Chicago yana aiki zuwa digiri na uku kuma daga 2009 zuwa 2010 a Makarantar Yale na Drama don MFA a cikin Dramaturgy da Criticism . 

Ta tattauna yadda Dogon COVID ya shafi rayuwarta tun watan Fabrairun 2020 COVID-19 kamuwa da cuta. A cikin wani op-ed a cikin *jaridar Washington Post* a watan Agustan 2023, ta ce bayan da ta kamu da cutar tsawon shekaru uku, ta sake samun damar yin rubutu amma gajiyar ta ya tsananta.

## Littattafai

### ''Waƙar Achilles''
 
*The Song of Achilles*, littafin farko na Miller, an sake shi a watan Satumba na 2011.   Littafin ya ɗauki shekaru goma ta rubuta.   An saita a lokacin Heroic Age na Girka, littafin ya ba da labari daga ra'ayi na Patroclus da kuma dangantakar da ta girma tsakaninsa da Achilles . 

Littafin ya sami kyautuka da yawa da suka hada da:

* Kyautar Orange ta shekara ta 17 don almara .
* Massachusetts Dole-Karanta na 2013; Wanda ya zo na karshe don Kyautar Littafin Mass
* Littafin Daraja na Stonewall, Ƙungiyar Laburare ta Amurka
* Jerin sunayen da aka zaba don Kyautar Mai Siyar da Littafai Mai Zaman Kanta ta Burtaniya
* Wanda aka zaba don Mawallafin Stonewall na Shekara
* Wanda ya lashe kyautar Chautauqua
* Semi-ƙarshe don lambar yabo ta VCU Cabell Novelist na Farko

### ''Circe''
*Circe*, littafin Miller na biyu, an sake shi a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 2018.  Littafin sake tunani ne na zamani wanda aka fada daga hangen nesa na Circe, mai sihiri a cikin tatsuniyar Girkanci wanda ke cikin Homer's *Odyssey .* An sanya *Circe* a matsayin littafi mafi girma na biyu na 2010 ta  .  Tutor House  ya zabi Circe a cikin manyan littattafansa don ɗaliban Classics a 2021. Karɓar littattafan miniseries 8-ɓangarorin sun kasance kore don HBO Max .  Rick Jaffa da Amanda Silver an saita su don rubutawa da samar da karbuwa. 

Miller ya gane da wuri cewa ba a ba da labarin *Circe* daidai ba. Bincike mai zurfi na *Circe* ya nuna yadda Miller ya ambaci Odysseus a takaice a cikin littafin.  Sabanin haka, a cikin *The Odyssey*, Circe an ambaci shi kawai. Miller a cikin wata hira ya ce an ba da labarin Odysseus shekaru 3,000 kuma lokaci ya yi da za a ji Circe.  Miller a cikin Circe yana ba da jigogi na mata da yawa: ƙin ƙa'idodin ubangida, ƙarfafawa, da dogaro da kai. Miller ya ce Circe yana magana ne game da mace da ta gane ainihin iyawarta da ikonta.  An yi nufin Circe koyaushe don zama sake ba da labarin mata, sabili da haka, an ba shi labarin sake haifuwa na ƙarshe.

Anan akwai jerin lambobin yabo da karramawa da aka samu. 

* #1 *Mafi kyawun Sayar da Lokacin New York*
* #1 *Indie Bestseller*
* *Bita na Mawallafi na mako-* mako *Tauraro*
* *Mujallar Laburare ** Tauraro* Bita
* *NPR's* " Buguwar Karshen Asabar": Littattafan da za a Sa ido a cikin 2018
* *[https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/books/g14465218/best-books-of-2018/ Esquire] :* Littattafai 27 Mafi Tsari na 2018
* *[https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/books/2018/01/24/books-can-wait-read/6WZiy3hxH0IBH4UafaDkaK/story.html Boston Globe]  :* Littattafai 25 Ba Za Mu Jira Mu Karanta ba a 2018
* *[https://themillions.com/2018/01/most-anticipated-the-great-2018-book-preview.html Miliyoyin] :* Mafi Tsammani: Babban Nazarin Littafin 2018
* *[https://www.cosmopolitan.com/entertainment/books/g14532734/best-books-of-2018/ Cosmopolitan] :* Littattafai 33 da za a yi farin ciki da su a cikin 2018
* *[https://www.voxmagazine.com/arts/books/five-new-books-to-purchase-this-spring/article_4d5b8c72-0181-11e8-a453-433e9b1b5d40.html Vox] :* Sabbin Littattafai guda biyar don siyan wannan bazara
* *[https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/dec/31/2018-best-fiction-julian-barnes-leila-slimani-novels-aminatt The Guardian] (Birtaniya):* Al'adun da ba a rasa na 2018
* *[https://www.southernliving.com/culture/best-books-to-read-50-years#circe-miller-spring-books Rayuwa ta Kudu] :* Mafi kyawun Sabbin Littattafai masu zuwa a cikin bazara 2018
* *[https://bookriot.com/most-anticipated-books-of-2018/ Littafin Tarzoma:]* Littattafan da ake tsammani na 2018
* *[https://reactormag.com/the-books-were-looking-forward-to-in-2018/ TOR] :* Littattafan da muke sa rai a cikin 201

### ''Galatea''
Wani ɗan gajeren labari da aka fito da shi azaman e-book a cikin 2013. Daga baya an sake shi a cikin hardback a cikin Maris 2022.  Littafin labari ne na tatsuniyar Girkanci ta *Pygmalion* ta fuskar mutum-mutumin mai sassaka.

### ''Sunan mahaifi Heracles''
Wani ɗan gajeren labari da ke ƙunshe cikin Waƙar Achilles kuma an buga shi a cikin wani bugu na musamman na Waterstones The Song of Achilles a kan Agusta 7, 2012, Heracles' Bow yana ɗauka daga mahangar Philoctetes, yadda ya sha wahalar cizon maciji, da watsi da abokansa. Yawancin labarin yana faruwa a matsayin tattaunawa tsakanin Philoctetes da Heracles na hasashe, kodayake wasu haruffa daga Waƙar Achilles suma sun bayyana a ciki.

### ''Persephone''
A cikin Disamba 2021, Miller ta sanar ta hanyar wani sakon Instagram cewa tana aiki akan sabon littafinta, game da allahiya Persephone . 

## Ilham
An san Miller don rubuta gaskiyar tatsuniya.  Littattafan Miller sun sake yin tunanin labarun daga tarihin Girkanci, yayin da suke mayar da hankali kan jigogi da ta ɗauka maras lokaci, kamar iyalai marasa aiki da rashin gida.   Ta ce ta sami dacewa don sake ba da labarin *The Odyssey* saboda yana da alaƙa da "ƙwarewar ɗan adam na duniya."  A cikin wata hira, Miller ya ce tana ganin nau'in nau'in nau'in "mai canzawa da canzawa"  amma ya ce littattafanta za a iya kwatanta su a matsayin "ko dai daidaitawar wallafe-wallafen ko kuma gaskiyar tatsuniyoyi. Ko kuma kawai tsohuwar almara!".  Miller ta ce duk da cewa tsarinta na ainihin kayan ya bambanta sosai ga litattafanta guda biyu. A cikin *Song of Achilles*, ta dauki wani data kasance labarin "boye a cikin kayan riga", kuma ga *Circe*, ta kalubalanci rubutun gargajiya ta hanyar fitar da muryar Odysseus kuma ta maye gurbin shi tare da Circe's,  wani karin "retelling subversive". 

Homer ya kasance jagora koyaushe ga Miller. A cikin karatun Iliad ta kasance tana mamakin ko wanene mutumin da ke cikin inuwa. Ta lura a cikin wata hira da *lambar yabo ta mata* mai taken, "Taswirar: Q&A tare da Madeline Miller" cewa ta ɗauki kwazo sosai don rubuta *Song of Achilles* bayan ta gama jagorantar samar da Troilus da Cressida.  Babban damuwarta ga *Song of Achilles* shine Patroclus. Halin Patroclus ya fito ne daga Homer, amma ta yi amfani da Homer a matsayin jagora don ƙarin bayani game da halayen Patroclus da Achilles.  Halin Patroclus an halicce shi ta hanyar alamu da aka bayar daga Homer: tausasawa da alherinsa.

Waƙar tana taka rawa sosai a cikin *Waƙar Achilles* . A cikin hira da *Kyautar Mata*, Miller ya lura da yadda iliminta na Achilles kasancewa mawaƙa mai basira shine abin da ya ba ta damar hada waƙoƙin da ke da mahimmanci a cikin litattafai.  Ban da wannan, ta ci gaba da lura da yadda kalmar Illiad a zahiri ke nufin "Waƙar Troy," don haka ta ba ta ra'ayin taken littafin. Kamar yadda ta girma tana girmama alloli, mayaka, da jarumai na tatsuniyar tsohuwar Girka, ta ji cewa tana bukatar ta girmama sunan Illiad a cikin littafinta. 

Miller ya gaya wa wani ɗan jarida daga *[[The Guardian]]* cewa abubuwan da ta yi wahayi sun haɗa da David Mitchell, Lorrie Moore, Anne Carson, da Virgil .  Miller ya bayyana "ƙiyayya" da "ƙiyayyar visceral" ga littafin Ayn Rand *The Fountainhead* . Kamar yadda ita kanta ta nuna, ta tsani "ra'ayoyin da ke bayansa". Maimakon haka, ta fi son littattafan James Herriot da Chinua Achebe .

## Kyauta

## Littafi Mai Tsarki

### Littattafai

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### Sauran Ayyuka
Source: 

* *Daga Circe zuwa Clinton*
* Matar Wily
* Binciken *The Odyssey,* wanda Emily Wilson ya fassara
* Buddy Holly
* Rubutu a Miles Shida awa daya
* Manyan Littattafai guda Biyar da Ƙwararru suka Ƙarfafa
* Wisteria dan Sunshine
* Tafiya zuwa Troy
* Review of *The Sweet Girl,* by Annabel Lyon
* Koyan Soyayya Adafta
* Homer, Jarumi na
* Cikin Yabon Adabi

## Manazarta