open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Seetha (actress)

**Sairandhri**, wacce aka fi sani da sunanta na mataki **Seetha**, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta kasar  Indiya kuma mai shirya fina-finai da aka fi sani a cikin Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu da wasu fina-fukkuna na Kannada.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Seetha ta auri ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Parthiban a shekarar ta 1990. Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu ciki har da P. S. Keerthana, wanda ya yi aiki a *Kannathil Muthamittal*, da kuma ɗa mai karɓa. Ma'auratan sun yanke shawarar rabuwa a shekara ta 2001. Parthiban ya mayar da hankali ga fina-finai bayan kisan aure, kuma ba shi da aure.

## Ayyuka
Ta fara fitowa a shekarar 1985 tare da fim din Tamil Aan Paavam . Bayan yin fim har zuwa 1991, Seetha ta yi hutu kafin ta koma allo a shekara ta 2002. Wasu daga cikin rawar da ta fi tunawa sun zo a fina-finai na Tamil kamar *Thangachi* (1987), *Guru Sishyan* (1988), *Unnal Mudiyum Thambi* (1988) da *Pudhea Paadhai* (1989). Ta yi aiki a matsayin jarumi a kwanakin da ta gabata, sannan ta yi aiki a matsayi na tallafi. Wasu daga cikin fina-finai na Telugu sune *Muddula Mavayya* (1989), *Muthyamantha Muddu* (1989), *<nowiki/>'Yan sanda Bharya* (1990), *Simhadri* (2003) da *Bunny* (2005). Ta lashe lambar yabo ta fina-finai ta Jihar Tamil Nadu don 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau don rawar da ta taka a *Rightaa Thappaa* (2005).

Seetha ta yi aiki a wasu shirye-shiryen Tamil da Telugu. Ta yi aiki a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen Tamil *Velan* (2002-2004), *Penn* (2006) da *Idhayam* (2009-2012) don Sun TV . 

## Hotunan fina-finai

### Tamil

## manazarta
David Clapham

**David Philip Clapham** (17 Mayu 1931 - 22 Oktoba 2005) direban tsere ne kuma ɗan jaridar wasanni na mota daga Afirka ta Kudu .

## Sana'a
Clapham ya halarci matakan wasanni da yawa na motsa jiki a Afirka ta Kudu, ciki har da Formula Vee, Formula Ford da tseren mota na saloon, da kuma gasar tseren tseren motoci ta Afirka ta Kudu Formula One . Ya taka rawar gani wajen kawo Formula Vee da Formula Ford zuwa Afirka ta Kudu, kuma ya taimaka wa Jody Scheckter ya koma Turai inda ya samu babban hutunsa a fagen motsa jiki na kasa da kasa.

Ya shiga cikin Formula One Rand Grand Prix a cikin 1963 da 1964, yana busa injin Cooper ɗin sa a ƙarshen. Ya shiga gasar Grand Prix ta Afirka ta Kudu a 1965 makonni biyu bayan haka, amma ya janye shiga gasar kafin a yi taron. 

Clapham ya kuma rubuta kasidu da ginshiƙai a cikin jaridar wasannin motsa jiki ta Afirka ta Kudu, a lokacin tserensa da kuma bayan aikinsa, kuma daga baya ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin wasanni a fannonin gudanarwa daban-daban. Ya mutu a shekara ta 2005 bayan gajeriyar rashin lafiya, ya bar matarsa Margaret, dansa Jeremy da 'yarsa Bridget.

## Sakamako

### Cikakkun sakamakon gasar Formula Daya ta Duniya
( kulli )

### Sakamakon Rashin Gasar Cin Kofin Gasar Cin Kofin Na Daya

## Nassoshi
Eric Halley

**Eric Halley** (3 Disamba 1893 – 17 Yuni 1953) ɗan wasan Afirka ta Kudu ne mai harbi. Ya yi takara a cikin abubuwa biyu a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1924.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Eric Halley at Olympedia
Koshish

***Koshish*** (transl. Kokarinta) fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Indiya na shekara ta  1972 na harshen Hindi wanda Sanjeev Kumar da Jaya Bhaduri suka fito, wanda Gulzar ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni. Fim din ya nuna ma'aurata kurame da shiru da rikice-rikice, ciwo da gwagwarmaya don samar da kansu a cikin al'umma mai banƙyama. Fim din Jafananci na 1961 Happiness of Us Alone ne ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi. An sake yin fim din a cikin Tamil a  shekara ta 1977 a matsayin *Uyarndhavargal* tare da Kamal Haasan da Sujatha . 

Fim din ya lashe lambar yabo ta fina-finai ta kasa sau biyu don Mafi kyawun Fim don Gulzar da Mafi kyawun Actor don Kumar .

## Makirci
Haricharan da Aarti matasa ne matalauta waɗanda kurame ne kuma shiru. Sun ƙaunaci juna kuma sun yi aure. Haricharan yana aiki a matsayin mai shayar da takalma don samun rayuwa. Daga baya, sun haifi ɗa, amma yaron ya mutu saboda wani mutum mai haɗama mai suna Kanu. Ma'auratan sun lalace, kuma daga baya an albarkace su da ɗa na biyu kuma suna rayuwa mai farin ciki. Wata rana, wani jami'in 'yan sanda ya ga Haricharan kuma ya burge shi da halin kirki da gaskiya, ya ba shi aiki. Ba da daɗewa ba, Haricharan ya sami ƙarin kuɗi kuma yanayin kuɗin su ya inganta. Ɗansu ya girma.

Shekaru bayan haka, Aarti ya mutu. Haricharan tana aiki a wani kamfani. 'Yar ma'aikacinsa kurma ce kuma ba ta magana kuma ma'aikaci yana so ya gyara bikin auren dan Haricharan da 'yarsa. Haricharan ya ƙi saboda ma'aikatarsa ta fi shi arziki amma ma'aikacin ya shawo kansa. Da ganin 'yar, Haricharan ya tunatar da Aarti kuma ya yarda da bikin. Ɗan ya yi tsayayya da kawancen saboda ita kurma ce kuma ba ta magana, ga damuwa ta Haricharan. Ya tsawata masa, kuma ya tunatar da shi cewa har ma mahaifiyarsa ba ta da magana. Ɗan ya fahimci kuskurensa kuma ya yarda ya auri 'yar mai aiki.

## Masu ba da labari

* Sanjeev Kumar a matsayin Haricharan Mathur "Hari"
* Jaya Bhaduri a matsayin Aarti Mathur
* Om Shivpuri a matsayin Narayan
* Asrani a matsayin Kanu
* Dina Pathak a matsayin Durga
* Seema Deo a matsayin Malami
* Yash Sharma a matsayin mai adana keken
* Rehana a matsayin Bulbul
* Moolchand a matsayin mutum na biyu wanda ya amsa wayar
* Dilip Kumar a matsayin kansa (Gwagwarmayar Baƙo) 

## Waƙoƙi

## Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa

Best Actor

## manazarta
Wendy Botha

**Wendy Botha** (an haife shi 22 ga Agusta 1965) zakaran hawan igiyar ruwa ne na duniya sau huɗu. Ta lashe kambunta na farko a matsayinta na 'yar kasar Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1987, sannan ta zama 'yar kasar Ostireliya kuma ta sake lashe wasu mukamai uku a 1989, 1991, da 1992. Ta kuma nuna tsiraici ga Australian Playboy don fitowar Satumba na 1992.Botha ya auri New Zealand rugby league na kuma tauraron talabijin Brent Todd a cikin 1993. Suna da 'ya'ya biyu, Jessica da Ethan, kuma sun rabu a cikin 2005.

Botha an shigar da shi cikin Tafiya mai suna Surfing a Huntington Beach, California a cikin 2009 a matsayin Mace ta Shekarar.  A cikin Oktoba 2018, an shigar da ita cikin Dandalin Wasannin Australia na Fame.

## Nassoshi
Gurleen Chopra

**Gurleen Chopra**, wanda aka fi sani da **Gurlen Kaur Chopra**,  'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce kuma samfurin Indiya. Ta bayyana a fina-finai kaman su  Hindi, Telugu, Tamil, Marathi,  Kannada da Punjabi. 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An zabi Gurleen Chopra a matsayin "Miss Chandigarh" tun tana ƙarama. Daga nan sai ta yi ƙoƙari ta zama samfurin kamar yadda abokanta suka ba da shawarar, kuma daga baya ta yanke shawarar shiga fina-finai.

## Ayyuka
Gurleen Chopra ta fara bugawa a matsayin samfurin a cikin sanannen waƙar da Surjit Bindrakhiya 'tedi tedi takdi tu' ya yi a shekarar 1999. Gurleen Chopra ta fara fitowa a fim din Hindi, Indian Babu .  Fim dinta na Hindi na gaba shi ne Kuch Tobad Gad Hai, inda ta taka rawar yarinya maraya Riya. Ta fara fitowa a fina-finai na Telugu tare da Ayudham  kuma daga baya ta yi aiki a fina-fukki da yawa na Telugu, Kannada da Tamil. Ta taka rawa sau biyu a *Manmatha* . Game da rawar da ta taka a fim din, Sify ta rubuta, "Gurlin Chopra tana da ban sha'awa kamar Lakshmi a cikin makafi",  kuma Rediff ta rubuta cewa ta "yi aiki mai kyau a cikin matsayinta biyu".  Ta sanya hannu kuma ta harbe fim dinta na farko na Tamil *Thullal* a shekara ta 2004,   amma an sake shi ne kawai a shekara ta 2007. Daga nan sai ta fara yin fim a fina-finai na Punjabi . Fim dinta *Hashar*, a gaban Babbu Mann ya kasance abin bugawa. Bayan doguwar hutu, ta sanya hannu kan fim din Telugu mai taken *Konaseemalo Chittemma Kittayya* a shekara ta 2009.  Ta yi aiki a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na 3D na Telugu *Vasthavam* . 

Ta fara harbi don fim dinta na farko na Marathi *Shinma* a watan Mayu 2015. 

## Hotunan fina-finai

## manazarta
Shilpa Shetty fim

Shilpa Shetty 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta kasar  Indiya wacce aka fi sani da aikinta a fina-finai na Hindi, ban da wasu fina-fukkuna na Telugu, Kannada da Tamil. Shetty ta fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a gaban Shah Rukh Khan a cikin fim din *Baazigar*  shekarata ta  1993. Ayyukan Shetty sun sami gabatarwa biyu na Filmfare Awards don Lux New Face of the Year da Best Supporting Actress. Daga baya ta sami karbuwa tare da matsayi biyu a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na 1994 Main Khiladi Tu Anari . Bayan nasarar farko, fina-finai na Shetty ba su da kyau a ofishin akwatin shekaru biyar masu zuwa. Fim din da Shetty ta fito a ciki har da wasan kwaikwayo na *Aag*, wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya *Aao Pyaar Karen*, wasan kwaikwayo *Haathkadi* da *Chhote Sarkar* sun tabbatar da rashin nasara a kudi.

Wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na cikin shekara ta 2000 *Dhadkan* ya nuna canji a cikin aikinta, wanda ya ba ta gabatarwa da yawa a cikin Mafi kyawun Actress a bukukuwan bayar da kyaututtuka daban-daban. Shetty ta taka rawar mata a fina-finai kamar wasan kwaikwayo na iyali *Apne*, wasan kwaikwayo na 'yan sanda Garv: Pride and Honour da wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa Life in a... *Rayuwa a cikin... Metro*. Ayyukanta na ban dariya a matsayin mai kamun kifi a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na *Rishtey* na cikin shekara ta 2002 ya ba ta gabatarwa don Kyautar Mataimakin Mataimakin Filmfare .  Shetty ya zama mutum na duniya bayan ya lashe jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na gaskiya na Burtaniya na 2007 Celebrity Big Brother, bayan maganganun da wasu masu fafatawa suka yi game da Shetty sun saba wa dokokin Ofcom kuma sun haifar da gardama ta duniya game da wariyar launin fata.

Shetty ta fara fitowa a fina-finai na Kudancin Indiya a fim din wasan kwaikwayo na harshen Tamil Mr. Romeo (1996).  Shetty daga baya ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a fina-finai na Telugu kamar wasan kwaikwayo na *Sahasa Veerudu Sagara Kanya* acikin shakara ta (1996), wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na *Veedevadandi Babu* (1996) tare da Mohan Babu, da wasan kwaikwayo na *Azad'acikin shakara ta' (2000).  Ta sami nasarar yin fim a cikin fina-finai na Kannada tare da sakewa kamar *Preethsod Thappa*, *Ondagona Baa* da Auto Shankar .  Shetty ya yi aiki a matsayin alƙali mai basira don nuna gaskiya *Zara Nachke Dikha*, *Nach Baliye'', da Super Dancer .   

## Fim din

## Talabijin

## Bidiyo na kiɗa

## Manazarta
Hotunan Preity Zinta

Preity G Zinta 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta  kasar Indiya da aka sani da aikinta a fina-finai na Hindi . Ta fara fitowa film  acikin shekarar  ta 1998 tare da rawar goyon baya a cikin wasan kwaikwayo *Dil Se..*. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, ta fito a cikin fim din *Soja* mai cin nasara. Ga fina-finai, ta lashe kyautar Filmfare a cikin Mafi Kyawun Mata na Farko.  A cikin 1999, Zinta ya taka rawar jami'in CBI ne a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na *Sangharsh* .  Ta bi wannan tare da rawar da wata uwar da ba ta da aure a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Kundan Shah *Kya Kehna* (2000),   mai barci.  A wannan shekarar, ta fito a cikin soyayya *Har Dil Jo Pyar Karega*, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na aikata laifuka Mission Kashmir, fim na uku mafi girma na Bollywood na shekara.

Acikin shekara ta 2001, Zinta ta fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo *Dil Chahta Hai*, wanda aka ambata a cikin kafofin watsa labarai a matsayin fim din fim na Hindi. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, ta nuna karuwa da ta zama madadin a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya *Chori Chori Chupke Chupke* .  Bayyanar da ta yi a cikin allo na shekara ta 2002 ita ce kawai a cikin akwatin-ofishin *Dil Hai Tumhaara* .  Zinta ta fito a fina-finai hudu a shekara ta 2003. Matsayinta na farko na shekara ya kasance a gaban Sunny Deol a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Anil Sharma The Hero - fim din Bollywood mafi tsada har zuwa wannan lokacin. Ta kuma taka rawar gani a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya Armaan, wanda ya gan ta tana nuna mace mai arziki, mai fama da schizophrenic. Bayan wannan, ta fito a cikin fina-finai biyu - fim din almara na kimiyya Koi... *Koyi... Mil Gaya* da wasan kwaikwayo *Kal Ho Naa Ho* .  Ga karshen, ta lashe Kyautar Filmfare don 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau.

Zinta ya taka rawar gani a jarida na wasan kwaikwayo na yaki na cikin shekara ta 2004 *Lakshya*, wanda bai yi kyau ba a ofishin akwatin. Har ila yau, acikin shekara ta 2004, ta taka rawar mata a cikin soyayya ta Yash Chopra mai suna *Veer-Zaara* a gaban Shah Rukh Khan .  Fim din ya fito ne a matsayin fim din Bollywood mafi girma a shekara. Daga nan sai ta bayyana a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na 2005 *Salaam Namaste* da wasan kwaikwayo na Soyayya na 2006 *Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna*, dukansu biyu sun yi kyau a waje da Indiya.   Yayinda take taka leda a rediyo a *Salaam Namaste*,  an ga Zinta a matsayin mace mai aure mara farin ciki a ƙarshen.   Ta biyo baya tare da matsayi a cikin gazawar kasuwanci *Jaan-E-Mann* (2006) da *Jhoom Barabar Jhoom* (2007).  Zinta ta bayyana a fim din Kanada Heaven on Earth acikin shekara ta (2008), ta farko da ta *Sama a Duniya*.

A cikin shekara ta 2011, Zinta ta dauki bakuncin wasan kwaikwayo na gaskiya na *Guinness World Records - Ab India Todega* da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na tattaunawa Up Close & Personal tare da PZ . Acikin wannan shekarar, ta kuma kaddamar da kamfaninta na samarwa, PZNZ Media,  a karkashin abin da ta samar da kuma fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na cikin shekara ta 2013 Ishkq a Paris, wanda ya yi mummunar aiki a ofishin akwatin. 

## Fim din

## Manazarta
Uyarnthavargal

***Uyarnthavargal*** (transl. Noble people) fim ne na harshen Tamil na Indiya na shekara ta  1977 wanda T. N. Balu ya jagoranta, tare da Kamal Haasan da Sujatha . Fim din yana magana ne game da ma'aurata kurame da gwagwarmayarsu a cikin al'umma. Fim ne na fim din Hindi na 1972 *[[Koshish]]*, wanda kansa ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi daga fim din Jafananci na 1961 Happiness of Us Alone . 

## Makirci
Aarumugam da Aarthi kurame ne. Sun hadu kuma sun fada cikin soyayya sannan daga baya suka yi aure. Sun sami albarka tare da yaro, amma yaron ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani saboda wani ɗan fashi wanda ya lalata ma'auratan. Rayuwar Aarumugam da Aarthi ta dawo kamar yadda take bayan an haifi ɗansu na biyu. Suna kula da shi sosai don ya sami ilimi sosai. Abin mamaki shine, 'yar mai aikinsu ita ma kurma ce. Suna so ɗansu ya auri 'yar mai aiki, amma ɗa yana adawa da haɗin aure.

## Masu ba da labari

* Kamal Haasan as Aarumugam
* Sujatha as Aarthi
* Thengai Srinivasan
* Srikanth as the thief
* Pandari Bai
* Master Sridhar
* Typist Gopu
* Loose Mohan

; 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo na baƙi

* Sanjeev Kumar
* Prem Nazir
* Jaishankar a matsayin Sankar
* Hotuna
* Mista Balamuralikrishna
* Suruli Rajan
* S. A. Ashokan

An samar da *Uyarnthavargal* a karkashin tutar samar da Raasleela Pictures . Tsawon fim din na karshe ya kai mita 3,982.51 (13,066.0 . 

Shankar-Ganesh ne ya kirkiro waƙar kuma Kannadasan ne ya rubuta kalmomin.

## Saki da karɓa
An saki *Uyarnthavargal* a ranar 14 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1977.  Kanthan na *Kalki* ya yaba da fim din saboda ba shi da jerin yaƙi ko waƙoƙin duet da aka nuna a kan haruffa masu jagora, la'akari da kurma-daidaitaccen su.

## manazarta
Barbara Brown (Masaniyar kimiyya)

**Barbara B. Brown** (1921-1999) Masaniyar ilimin halayyar dan adam ce wanda ta shahara da biofeedback da neurofeedback a cikin shekarar 1970s. *Mujallar Biofeedback,* wani littafi na Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeed back (AAPB), ta lura cewa ta kasance "daga cikin na farko da mafi nasara don sa jama'a su san ikon da yiwuwar biofeedback".

Brown ta sami Ph.D. a fannin ilimin likitanci daga Jami'ar Cincinnati College of Medicine a shekarar 1950. Ta fito ne daga mai fasaha a sashen William S. Merrell na kamfanin magunguna Richardson-Merrell don jagorantar Sashen Magunguna na Merell. Daga can, ta tafi Riker Laboratories, sannan zuwa Psychopharmacology Research Laboratories. Brown daga baya ya zama Mataimakin Farfesa na Farfesa a Jami'ar California, Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Lafiya ta Los Angeles da kuma Jami'ar Californi, Irvine . Ta kuma ba da lacca a Sashen Kula da Lafiya a Jami'ar California, Los Angeles . 

Brown ta kirkiro kuma ta shahara da kalmar "biofeedback". Ta gudanar da bincike mai ban mamaki lokacin da take Babban Binciken Bincike na Kwarewa a Asibitin Gudanar da Tsohon Sojoji a Sepulveda, California . 

Brown ta kasance co-kafa kuma shugaban farko (1969-1970) na Biofeedback Research Society, wanda ya samo asali a cikin Biofeed back Society of America sannan kuma a cikin AAPB. Daga cikin wannan kungiyar, Brown da abokan aikinta sun taimaka wajen ci gaba da halatta nazarin biofeedback da neurofeedback.

A cikin shekarun 1990s, Brown ta sha wahala daga bugun jini; ta mutu a 1999 tana da shekaru 78, bayan ta rayu shekaru da yawa bayan bugun jini a gidan tsofaffi a Rancho Mirage, CA . 

## Al'adun gargajiya
An nuna Brown a cikin wani labari na 1960 na jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na One Step Beyond . Fim ɗin, mai taken "The Sacred Mushroom," wani abu ne mai ban sha'awa, mai ban shaʼawa don jerin kuma ya shafi binciken ƙwayoyin cuta a Mexico.

## Bayanan littattafai

* Sabon Zuciya, Sabon Jiki: Bio Bayani: Sabon Jagora don Zuciya, Harper & Row, 1974, hardcover   
* *The Biofeedback Syllabus: Littafin hannu don Nazarin Psychophysiologic na Biofeed Back*, Charles C. Thomas Publisher Ltd., Fabrairu 1975, hardcover,   
* *Damuwa da Fasahar Biofeedback*, Harper & Row, Janairu 1977.   ISBN&nbsp;
* Tsakanin Lafiya da Rashin Lafiya: Sabbin Ra'ayoyi game da Damuwa da Yanayin Daɗi, Houghton Mifflin, 1984, hardcover   
* Supermind: The Ultimate Energy, Bantam paperback 1983,   
* Infinite Well-Being, Irvington Publishers, 1985, hardcover   
* "Biofeedback and Consciousness Commemorative Edition Audio Tape," rikodin adireshin da aka gayyata zuwa taron shekara-shekara na shida na AAPB (wanda aka sani da BRS). http://www.aapb.org/i4a/store/category.cfm?category_id=4 

## Manazarta
Christia Brown

**Christia Spears Brown** Masaniyar ilimin halayyar dan adam ce kuma marubuciya. Ita farfesa ce a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam kuma mataimakiyar kujerar ci gaba da ilimin halayyee jama'a a Jami'ar Kentucky College of Arts and Sciences . Brown shine marubucin littattafai da yawa. Binciken da take so ya haɗa da ra'ayoyin jinsi, yara da matasa game da jinsi da nuna bambancin kabilanci, jinsi da ci gaban kabilanci na kabilanci.

## Ilimi
Brown ya sami BS, magna cum laude, a cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam a Jami'ar Belmont a shekarar 1996. Ta sami MA (2000) da Ph.D. (2003) a cikin ilimin halayyar ci gaba tare da ƙarami a cikin kididdiga daga Jami'ar Texas a Austin .  Rubutun ta yana da taken Ra'ayoyin Yara na nuna bambanci: Antecedents da Consequences . Mai ba da shawara ga Brown shine Rebecca Bigler . 

## Ayyuka
A shekara ta 2003, Brown ya kasance malami a sashen ilimin halayyar dan adam a Jami'ar Kudu maso Yamma. Daga 2003 zuwa 2007, ta kasance mataimakiyar farfesa a sashen ilimin halayyar dan adam a Jami'ar California, Los Angeles . Brown ya shiga Jami'ar Kentucky College of Arts and Sciences (UK) a 2007 a matsayin mataimakin farfesa. Ta zama mataimakiyar farfesa a shekara ta 2011 kuma a halin yanzu farfesa ce a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam da kuma Mataimakin Dean na Bambancin, Daidaitawa, da Haɗuwa. A shekara ta 2016, ta zama darakta mai kafa Cibiyar Daidaitawa da Adalci ta Jama'a ta Burtaniya . 

Daga 2017 zuwa 2019, Brown ya kasance shugaban kwamitin Society for Research in Child Development Equity and Justice . 

### Bincike
Brown yana bincike kan ra'ayoyin jinsi, yara da matasa game da jinsi da nuna bambancin kabilanci, jinsi da ci gaban kabilanci na kabilanci. Nazarinta ya haɗa da nazarin ra'ayoyin nuna bambanci ta hanyar masu iko kamar masu horar da malamai da cin zarafin mata. Brown yayi bincike kan nuna bambanci ga yara baƙi da iyaye a cikin karatun da Gidauniyar Ci gaban Yara da Cibiyar Nazarin Talauci ta Burtaniya suka tallafawa. Tana gudanar da binciken shafuka da yawa a karkashin Rebecca Bigler wanda ke jarraba fahimtar yara game da dangantakar da ke tsakanin launin fata, talauci, siyasa, da jinsi.

## Ayyukan da aka zaɓa

### Littattafai

*  
*  
*  
*  

## Manazarta
Marie Odile Bonkoungou-Balima

**Marie Odile Bonkoungou-Balima**  (an haife ta a ranar 15 ga watan Disamba, 1961) ta kasance Ministar Ilimi na ƙasar ta tsawon shekaru shida sannan kuma jakadiyar Burkinabé a Jamus.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Bonkoungou-Balima a Burkina Faso. Ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Ouagadougou daga shekarun 1981 zuwa 1985 kuma ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu a fannin shari'ar kasuwanci.

Bayan ta kammala sauran kwasa-kwasai a fannin Hulɗa da Jama'a a Makarantar Gudanarwa da Shari'a ta ƙasa ta yi kwasa-kwasan Faransa da Faransanci a Kanada. Ta koma ƙasar ta ta shiga aikin gwamnati ta shiga ma’aikatar kula da ma’aikatan gwamnati. A shekara ta 1992 ta zama Daraktar na wannan sabis ɗin kuma a cikin shekara ta 1998 ta zama Darakta na ayyukan jama'a guda biyu amma har ma da ayyukan ci gaban.

A shekarar 2000 ta shiga cikin hukumar École normal supérieure de Koudougou (ENSK) (Jami'ar Koudougou).

Ta kasance memba a ma'aikatarta a kungiyar bunƙasa ilimi a Afirka daga shekarun 2005 zuwa 2011.

A ranar 1 ga watan Afrilu, 1987, ta shiga aikin farar hula na Burkina Faso: Daga shekarun 1989 zuwa 1990 ta kasance darekta mai kula da ayyuka a ma'aikatar kula da aikin gwamnati. Daga shekarun 1990 zuwa 1992 ta kasance mai bincike kuma shugabar sashe a ma'aikatar kula da ayyukan jama'a. Daga shekarun 1992 zuwa 1998 ta kasance Darakta Janar na Ma'aikatan Gwamnati. Daga shekarun 1998 zuwa 2001 ta kasance Sufeto-Janar na Ma'aikatar Ma'aikata da  Cigaban Hukumomi. Ta zama Ministar Ilimi a shekarar 2005 kuma ta ci gaba da kasancewa a wannan aikin har zuwa shekara ta 2011. 

An ba ta izini a matsayin Jakadiyar Babban Jami'ar Burkina Faso a ranar 24 ga watan Fabrairu, 2012 a Berlin,  Yuli 5, 2013 a Kyiv  da watan Fabrairu 12, 2014 a Warsaw. Horst Seehofer ne ya yi mata liyafar a birnin Berlin a ranar farko ta yin amfani da ikon shugaban tarayyar Jamus.  Yayin da ta ke Kyiv ta kuma haɗu da ’yan uwansu tsofaffi a ƙasar. 

## Manazarta
Alice G. Bryant

An haifi **Alice G. Bryant** a shekara ta 1862 kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da suka kware a cikin Otolaryngology .  Ta yi karatu a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (M.I.T.) daga 1882-3, da kuma Vassar a 1885 inda ta sami digiri na farko, daga ƙarshe ta kammala karatunta a 1890 a Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Mata a New York tare da Digirin Likita. > Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da Kwalejin Likitocin Amurka ta karɓa a shekara ta 1914. Ta yi aiki a matsayin likita a Asibitin New England na Mata da Yara da kuma New England Deaconess . > An san ta da kiyaye sa'o'i masu sauƙi kuma ta kafa asibitin maraice don sauƙin marasa lafiya a Boston Trinity Dispensary .  Ta ci gaba da aikinta har sai da ta yi rashin lafiya kuma ta mutu a ranar 25 ga Yuli, 1942. 

## Abubuwan da aka ƙirƙira
Yawancin abubuwan kirkirar Bryant ana amfani da su a yau don dalilai na tiyata. Ta kirkiro kayan aikin tiyata daban-daban, gami da kayan aiki don cire tonsils da aka sani da "tonsil tenaculum," ƙashin riƙe ƙashi, tonsil tarko cannula, masu raba tonsil, da na'urar cire polyps na hanci da aka sani a matsayin ƙugiya na hanci. Ta kuma kirkiro na'urar lantarki wacce ta ba ta damar motsa kayan aiki a ofishinta da ƙafarta kuma ta ci gaba da hannayenta.

## Sauran gudummawa
Bryant ta rubuta labarai sama da 75 a lokacin rayuwarta. Ba wai kawai likita ce ba, amma injiniya ce ta kiwon lafiyar jama'a kuma mai bincike kan dumama da iska a gida. Baya ga likitan tiyata da mai kirkiro, ta kuma kasance malama, mai zane, da marubuciya. Ta kasance memba na al'ummomi 56, na Amurka da na Burtaniya, don dalilai na kimiyya da na jin kai.

## Manazarta
Sophie Heidi Kam

**Sophie Heidi Kam** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1968) marubuciya ce ta ƙasar Burkina Faso. Ayyukanta sun haɗa da waƙoƙi, wasan kwaikwayo, da labarun da aka rubuta cikin yaren00 Faransanci. Ana yi mata kallon mace ta farko a matsayin marubuciyar wasan kwaikwayo a Burkina Faso kuma an karrama ta a babban gasa na fasaha da wasiƙa na ƙasa sau takwas.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Kam a cikin shekara ta 1968 a Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Ta yi karatun adabi a Jami'ar Ouagadougou kuma an horar da  ita a matsayin masaniya a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta da ke mai da hankali kan hanyoyin sadarwa da sadarwa.

Aikinta na farko da aka buga ya zo ne a cikin shekara ta 1997, lokacin da aka haɗa ta a cikin kundin tarihin da Traoré Sibiri Omar ya haɗa don ƙungiyar musayar al'adu ta Switzerland Nawao Production. 

Kam tayi wasanta na farko, *Et le soleil sourira à la mer*, a cikin shekara ta 2008. Ana ɗaukar ta a matsayin mace ta farko mai buga wasan kwaikwayo a Burkina Faso.  

Sauran ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo da aka buga sun haɗa da *Nos jours dʼhier* da *Qu'il en soit ainsi*, wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta farko a Grand Prix na National Grand Prix for Arts and Letters a shekarar 2012.   Wasanta na baya-bayan nan shine *Du Caviar Pour un Lapin.* 

A cikin shekara ta 2009, ta buga tarin wakoki da yawa a cikin sauri, ciki har da *Pour un asile*, *Offrande*, da *Sanglots et symphonies*. Ta kuma rubuta littattafan yara.

Ayyukanta sun shafi al'umma a Burkina Faso da kuma tasirin rikicin soji a yankin Sahel ga al'ummar yankin. 

Tun lokacin da ta fara gabatar da wakoki na farko ta samu lambar yabo ta farko a shekarar 2000, Kam ta lashe kyautuka a babban gasa na ƙasa da ƙasa na fasaha da wasiku sau takwas.  

A cikin shekara ta 2019, ta sami lambar yabo ta farko ta Plume d'or daga ma'aikatar ciniki, masana'antu da sana'a.  A cikin shekarar 2021, tarin wakokinta *na Mémoires vivantes* ta sami babbar kyauta a waccan baje kolin littafai na ƙasa da ƙasa na Ouagadougou, kuma an buga shi a shekara mai zuwa.  

Ta ce kakarta ta kasance mai ban sha'awa, wacce ta ba da labarun al'adu da kuma rera waƙa a lokacin bukukuwan ƙauye.  Daga baya Kam ta yi tafiya daga ƙauye zuwa ƙauye tana tattara tatsuniyoyi don rubuta wannan al'ada ta baka. 

## Ayyukan da aka zaɓa

### Wasanni

* *Et le soleil sourira à la mer*, 2008
* *Ranar Lahadi*, 2013
* *Kwanan baya*, 2014

### Waka

* *Pour un asile*, 2009
* *Sanglot et symphonies*, 2009
* *Offrande*, 2009
* *Quêtes*, 2009 (sake fitowa)
* *Mémoires vivantes*, 2022

## Manazarta
Jeanine Nibizi

**Jeanine Nibizi** 'yar siyasa ce 'yar Burundi wacce ta kasance Ministar Shari'a kuma mai kiyaye hatimin gwamnati daga shekarun 2020   zuwa 2022. Kafin ta hau wannan matsayi, ta yi aiki a matsayin Daraktar gidan yarin Gitega. 

## Manazarta
Thema Bryant

Thema Simone Bryant, wadda aka fi sani da Thema Bryant-Davis (an haife ta a shekara ta 1973), Masaniyar ilimin halayyar dan adam ce ta Amurka wadda kuma farfesa ce a fannin ilimin halayya a Jami'ar Pepperdine, inda take jagorantar Cibiyar Nazarin Al'adu da Trauma . Binciken ta ya yi la'akari da raunin da ya shafi mutum da raunin zamantakewa na zalunci. An zabe ta a matsayin Shugabar Ƙungiyar Psychological ta Amurka ta 2023.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Bryant 'yar fastoci biyu ce. A duk lokacin yarinta, ta ga mutane daga al'ummarta suna neman mahaifinta don shawara. Yayinda take matashiya, an kwashe ta daga Laberiya a lokacin yakin basasa  kuma ta koma Baltimore.  Ta kammala digirin digirin digirinta a fannin ilimin halayyar asibiti a Jami'ar Duke . Binciken digirin ta ya kalli dabarun magance 'yan Afirka na Afirka da suka tsira daga tashin hankali na yara. Ta koma Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Harvard a matsayin mai bincike na postdoctoral, inda ta yi aiki tare da Shirin Wadanda ke fama da tashin hankali. Bryant daga nan ta shiga Shirin SHARE na Jami'ar Princeton, inda ta tsara shirye-shirye don yaki da cin zarafin jima'i da cin zarafi. A cikin shekaru uku da ta yi a matsayin mai tsara SHARE, ta taimaka wajen horar da ma'aikata kan tsoma baki da al'adu da kuma nuna bambanci da ya shafi LGBT.

## Bincike da aiki
A shekara ta 2005, Bryant ya koma Jami'ar Jihar California, Long Beach . Ta zauna a can na tsawon shekaru biyu, har sai da aka nada ta Farfesa a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam a Jami'ar Pepperdine a shekara ta 2007.  Binciken ta yayi la'akari da raunin zamantakewa na zalunci da raunin mutum.

Bryant shine mai karɓar bakuncin "Homecoming", kwasfan fayiloli na lafiyar kwakwalwa. An zabe ta a matsayin Shugabar Ƙungiyar Psychological ta Amirka a shekarar 2023. 

## Kyaututtuka da girmamawa

* 2013 Ƙungiyar Ilimin Halitta ta Amirka Kyautattun Ayyuka na Farko ga Ilimin Hanyar Halitta a cikin Jama'a 
* 2016 Cibiyar Cin Hanci, Cin zarafi da Trauma Media Award don fim din "Psychology of Human Trafficking" 
* 2016 Donald Fridley Memorial Award don ƙwarewa a cikin jagoranci a fagen rauni 
* 2018 The California Psychological Association Distinguished Scientific Achievement in Psychology  

## Ayyukan ilimi
Bryant ta kasance Shugaba na Society for the Psychology of Women, wani bangare na American Psychological Association . Ta wakilci APA a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya .  Ta ba da shaida a Taron Duniya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da wariyar launin fata, nuna bambancin launin fata, Xenophobia da Related Intolerance a shekara ta 2001.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Bryant minista ne a cikin Ikilisiyar Episcopal ta Methodist ta Afirka . 

## Littattafan da aka zaɓa

*  
*  
*  
* Komawa gida: Kashe Tsoro da Raunin da za a dawo da cikakken Kai na Gaskiya kuma marubucin littafin Antiracism Handbook: Kayan aiki masu amfani don canza tunaninka & Cutar wariyar launin fata a Rayuwarka da Al'umma 

## Manazarta
Agnès Nindorera

**Agnès Nindorera** (Agusta 18, 1962 - Janairu 13, 2023) 'yar jarida ce 'yar kasar Burundi wacce aka sani da daukan labarin yakin basasar Burundi da wallafe-wallafe daban-daban na ƙasa da na duniya. A matsayinta na wacce ta kafa kungiyar mata ‘yan jarida ta Burundi (AFJO), ta jagoranci kungiyar daga shekarun 1999 zuwa 2001 da 2017 zuwa 2019. A cikin shekara ta 2000, an karrama ta da lambar yabo ta Gidauniyar Mata ta Duniya gaba daya .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Agnès Nindorera a lardin Gitega na Burundi a shekara ta 1962.  Ta karanci aikin jarida a jami'ar Burundi, a Vrije Universiteit Brussel, daga baya kuma a matsayin Nieman Fellow a Jami'ar Harvard.

Nindorera ta fara aikin jarida a Burundi a farkon shekarun 1990.   A cikin shekarar 1995, ta kafa kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin edita a shugabar tashar labarai mai zaman kanta *Le Phare*, ta zama ɗaya daga cikin ƴan matan Burundi da suka jagoranci buga nata.    Ta kuma rubuta wa wallafe-wallafe daban-daban na gida da na waje ciki har da *Le Renouveau du Burundi*, Muryar Amurka, da Kamfanin Dillancin Labaran Faransa.     Ta sami karɓuwa ta musamman kan aikinta da gidan rediyo mai zaman kansa Studio Ijambo.  

A lokacin yakin basasar Burundi, Nindorera ta fuskanci adawa sosai ga aikinta, gami da barazana daga jami'an tsaro, kama mutane da dama, da kuma cin zarafi.    A wani lokaci, wani ɗan siyasa mai ƙarfi ya yi barazanar cewa za a harbe ta a kai don amsa aikinta.   Ta kuma fuskanci matsin lamba daga ’yan ƙabilarta ta Tutsi da ke da alaka da Ganwa a kan shirinta na ɗinke ɓaraka da Hutus.  Duk da haka, ta ci gaba da bayar da rahoto game da take hakin bil adama a lokacin rikicin, inda ita kanta ta rasa ‘yan uwa da dama.    A shekara ta 2000, ta sami lambar yabo ta Jajircewa a Aikin Jarida daga Gidauniyar Mata ta Duniya don aikinta.  

A cikin shekarar 1997, Nindorera ta kafa ƙungiyar mata 'yan jarida ta Burundi, wanda aka sani da sunan Faransanci na AFJO.   Ta kasance shugabar AFJO daga shekarun 1999 zuwa 2001 da kuma daga shekarun 2017 zuwa 2019.  

Ta mutu a shekara ta 2023, tana da shekaru 60, bayan gajeriyar rashin lafiya.  

## Manazarta
Cynthia Munwangari

**Cynthia Munwangari** ƴar Burundi ce Mai tsara kayan ado, mai tsara kayan gargajiya kuma 'yar kasuwa. Ita ce ta kafa kuma darakta na yanzu na "Bujumbura Fashion Week", wanda ake gudanarwa a kowace shekara a Bujumbura (birni mafi girma a ƙasar). 

## Tarihi da ilimi
An haife ta a ranar 8 ga watan Satumbar 1990, a Bujumbura, birni mafi girma kuma babban birnin Burundi a lokacin. Mahaifinta ɗan ƙasar Burundi ne kuma mahaifiyarta ta samo asali ne daga ƙasar Ruwanda.  Ita ce ta uku kuma tana da kanne biyu da kanwa ɗaya. Ta sami dukkan karatunta a Burundi. 

## Sana'a
Munwangari ita ce wacce ta kafa alamar tufafin "Cy'Mun Collection". Ita ma samfurin kayan kwalliya ce.  A cikin watan Yulin 2014, Cynthia Munwangari, tana da shekaru 23, ta shirya bikin Makon Kaya na Bujumbura na farko, wanda ya samu halartar masu zanen Afirka 24, daga ƙasashen 14. Faretin na sao'i na sa'o'i huɗu ya haɗa da kayayyaki arba'in kuma ya samu halartar Pierre Nkurunziza, shugaban ƙasar Burundi. 

## Rigima
A yammacin ranar Asabar 12 ga watan Nuwamba, 2016, wani Kenneth Watmond Akena, wanda ke aiki a matsayin jami'in ci gaban al'umma a gundumar Aruu ta Arewa, gundumar Pader, a Arewacin Uganda, yayin da yake tuka mota, ya yi karo da wata motar da Cynthia Munwangari fasinja ce. Direban motar ɗaya ne Mathew Kanyamunyu, ɗan kasuwa ɗan ƙasar Uganda kuma saurayin Munwangari. Lamarin ya faru ne a unguwar Lugogo da ke Kampala, babban birnin Uganda kuma birni mafi girma. 

Daga baya da yamma Kanyamunyu da Munnwangari sun bayyana a asibitin Norvik da ke tsakiyar yankin kasuwanci na birnin tare da Akena, wanda ke zubar da jini daga harbin bindiga a cikin.  Hukumomin Uganda ba su gamsu da bayanin da ma'auratan suka bayar ba game da yadda Akena ya samu raunuka, don haka suka tsare su duka. Lokacin da Akena ya rasu washegari; duka biyun ana tuhumar su da laifin kisan sa.  

A watan Maris ɗin 2017 an bayar da belin Cynthia Munwangari da wani ɗan uwan saurayinta amma saurayin ya ci gaba da zama a gidan yari.  Ya zuwa watan Agustan 2017, ana ci gaba da shari’ar, inda aka bayar da belin Cynthia Munwangari tare da tsare saurayinta Matthew Kayamunyu a gidan yari. 

## Duba kuma

* Ma'aikatar shari'a ta Uganda
* Sonia Magabo

## Manazarta
Harshen Kurame na Alipur

**Harshen Kurame na Alipur** yaren kurame ne na ƙauye na kasar  Indiya .  Ana magana da shi a garin Alipur, Karnataka, wani yanki na Musulmi na Shia tare da babban matakin kurma. Akwai tsakanin mutane 150 zuwa 250 kurame a Alipur, kuma akwai kimanin mutane 10,000 masu ji da ke magana da yaren  a cikin yawan mutane 26,000 (a cikin 2015). Harshen ba shi da matsayin hukuma kuma yara kurame ba sa samun ilimi na yau da kullun. Wannan gaskiyar tare da karuwar tasirin Harshen Kurame na Indiya yana barazana ga rayuwar Harshen Kuraye na Alipur (ko APSL ). Sibaji Panda shine mutum na farko da ya rubuta harshen a hukumance a shekarar 2012. 

A lokacin bincikensa, Panda ya gano cewa yawan kurame a Alipur ya kai kusan 0.75%, idan aka kwatanta da 0.41% a matsakaicin ƙasa (bayanai daga ƙidayar 2011).

Al'ummar kurame na Alipur sun taimaka wa Panda a cikin bincikensa, musamman Mista Fazil Raza, tsohon shugaban gram panchayat mai shekaru 53, wanda ya taimaka wajen kafa kungiyar Alipur Unity Society for the Deaf. Mista Fazil Raza ya taimaka tare da fassara daga Turanci zuwa yaren kurame, ya gudanar da bincike tare da taimakon wasu mambobin al'umma, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da labari don takardun yaren.

Aure na ciki a cikin garin ya haifar da wannan yawan kurame, amma kurma ba zai iya auren kurma ba. Tun da babu bayanan jama'a a garin, yana da wahala a tabbatar da gaskiyar wannan bayanin.

Harshen kurame yana amfani da mutane da yawa masu ji, tare da matakin ƙwarewa wanda ya bambanta sosai.

Harshen yana da hanyoyi daban-daban don bayyana lambobi,  ta amfani da ƙari da raguwa don bayyana lambu tare da babban rikitarwa. Ana iya ƙara motsi na baki don bayyana manyan lambobi.

Yawancin mazauna garin Musulmai ne na Shia. Jama'ar Musulmai Shia sun fito ne daga Bijapur bayan faduwar Daular Adil Shahi kuma suna alfahari da al'adunsu da tarihin su.

Matasa ba su da sha'awar amfani da yaren kurame na ƙauye. Motsawa da fasaha suna ba su damar yin amfani da Intanet kuma suna tafiya zuwa Bengaluru inda suke koyon yaren kurame na Indiya da yaren kurama na Amurka. Rashin ilimi na yau da kullun duk da haka shingen ne ga su iya amfani da aikace-aikacen rubutun (kamar saƙon rubutu) kuma babu damar aiki da yawa.

kyakkyawar fahimtar halin da ake ciki na harshe na iya zama mai fa'ida ga jama'a. Makarantar Nobel (Makarantar Mai zaman kanta a ƙauye) kwanan nan ta fara azuzuwan yara kurame. Koyaya, akwai fatan sake buɗe makarantar gwamnati don yara na musamman.

## manazarta
Dévote Faida

**Dévote Faida** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1983) 'yar siyasa ce wacce aka zaɓa Sanata na Lardin Kirundo, Burundi a shekarar 2020.

## Sanata
A ranar 28 ga watan Yuli, 2020 Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta Burundi ta tabbatar da cewa an zaɓi Devote Faida a matsayin 'yar majalisar dattawa a matsayin wakiliyar Hutu na lardin Kirundo. Ta yi takara a dandalin National Council for the Defence of Democracy - Forces for Defence of Democracy (CNDD-FDD) .  An naɗa Dévote Faida a matsayin shugabar zaunannen kwamiti mai kula da al'amuran jinsi da hulɗa da majalisar dokoki na kungiyar ƙasashen gabashin Afrika. 

A ranar 30 ga watan Nuwamba, 2021, ta rufe taron musayar ra'ayi da tantance tsarin yaki da aurar da yara ƙanana da cikin shege ga ɗalibai, a babban birnin lardin Karuzi. An kuma gudanar da zama a Ngozi, Rutana da kuma birnin Bujumbura.  Majalisar dattawan kasar Burundi ce ta shirya taron bitar tare da goyon bayan hukumar kare hakkin ɗan adam ta ƙasa CNIDH da asusun kula da yara na majalisar ɗinkin duniya UNICEF.  An ba da shawarwari ga majalisar dattawan Burundi, gwamnati, da kuma hukumomin shari'a, ilimi da na addini. 

A ranar 8 ga watan Satumba, 2023 mambobin kwamitin dindindin da ke kula da batutuwan da suka shafi jinsi da dangantaka sun gana a majalisar dattawan Burundi tare da shugabannin hukumomin larduna daban-daban, da nufin tattara bayanai dangane da cin zarafin mata. A matsayinta na shugaban hukumar, Dévote Faida ta yi kira ga dukkan mahalarta taron da su haɗa kai don kawar da wannan annoba. 

## Manazarta
Clotilde Nizigama

**Clotilde Nizigama** 'yar siyasar Burundi ce. Nizigimana ita ce tsohuwar Ministar Tattalin Arziki, Kuɗi da Ci Gaba a Burundi, wanda tsohon shugaban ƙasar Burundi, Pierre Nkurunziza ya naɗa ta a shekarar 2007 .  Wa'adin ya fara ranar 14 ga watan Nuwamba 2007 kuma ya ƙare a shekarar 2012.  Ta kuma kasance gwamna na Bankin Raya Afirka,  kuma mataimakiyar babban sakatare na CEEAC. 

## Manazarta
Leontine Nzeyimana

**Leontine Nzeyimana** (an haife ta a ranar 27 ga watan Disamba 1973) 'yar siyasar Burundi ce wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Al'amuran Gabashin Afirka, a Ofishin Shugaban Burundi, daga 8 ga watan Mayu 2012. Ita mamba ce a majalisar ministocin Burundi.  Kafin wannan lokacin, daga watan Agustan 2011 zuwa Mayu 2012, ita ce taci zaɓen 'yar majalisa mai wakiltar Lardin Makamba. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Leontine Nzeyimana a ranar 27 ga watan Disamba 1979, a cikin gundumar Nyanza Lac, a lardin Makamba, a kudancin Burundi. Ta halarci makarantun firamare da sakandare na cikin gida. 

Ta yi karatu a Jami’ar Tumaini a harabar su dake garin Iringa (yanzu Jami’ar Iringa), ta kammala a shekarar 2002, inda ta samu digiri na farko a fannin kasuwanci. An samu digirinta na Master of International Relations daga Jami'ar Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Amurka, a cikin shekara ta 2005. 

## Sana'a
A cikin shekarar 2005, Léontine Nzeyimana ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiya ga babban mai ba da shawara ga "Dokokin Doka" don gyara Burundi. Sannan ta yi aiki a bankin ƙasar Burundi daga shekarun shekarar 2006 zuwa 2007, a matsayin mataimakiyar gwamnan babban bankin ƙasar, inda ayyukanta suka haɗa da tafiyar da harkokin yau da kullum na gwamna, da fassarar takardu daga Faransanci zuwa turanci da turanci zuwa Faransanci. 

Daga nan ta shiga hukumar raya ƙasashe ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya UNDP, inda ta yi aiki a can daga shekarar 2007 zuwa 2010. Ayyukanta sun mayar da hankali ne kan inganta ayyukan hukumar shari'a ta Burundi. 

Baya ga ayyukanta na minista a Burundi, Leontine Nzeyimana tana aiki a matsayin mamba na Majalisar Dokokin Gabashin Afirka ta huɗu (2017-2022). 

## Sauran la'akari
A matsayinta na mamba a majalisar dokokin ƙasar Burundi, ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatariyar dindindin mai kula da harkokin siyasa, gudanarwa, harkokin waje da kuma kungiyar ƙasashen gabashin Afrika. 

An ruwaito cewa tana iya magana da harsuna huɗu; Kirundi, Faransanci, Ingilishi da Kiswahili. 

## Manazarta
Marina Barampama

**Marina Barampama** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1969) 'yar siyasa ce ta Burundi. An zaɓe ta a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar ƙasa ta biyu a ranar 8 ga watan Satumba 2006, ta maye gurbin Alice Nzomukunda. Ta kasance a kan muƙamin na tsawon watanni shida, har sai da aka kore ta saboda goyon bayanta ga Hussein Radjabu. Tsohuwar mamba ce a Majalisar National Council for Defence of Democracy-Forces for Defence of Democracy (CNDD-FDD), yanzu ita ce Babbar Sakatariya na Kungiyar Zaman Lafiya da Ci gaba.

## Aikin siyasa
Bayan murabus ɗin mataimakin shugaban ƙasar Alice Nzomukunda kan cin hanci da rashawa da take hakkin ɗan Adam, shugaba Pierre Nkurunziza ya zabi Barampama a matsayin muƙamin a ranar 8 ga watan Satumban 2006. Kusan ba a san ta ba, kuma ‘ya’yan jam’iyyar adawa ta Union for National Progress (UPRONA) sun fice daga kaɗa kuri’ar domin nuna rashin amincewarsu da rashin samun bayanan da aka yi mata. Daga baya sun yi jayayya cewa zaɓen Barampama bai yi aiki ba, tunda ba tare da mambobinsu ba, babu isassun mambobin da suka kaɗa kuri'a don kafa kuri'a. 

Nkurunziza ya kore ta a ranar 8 ga watan Fabrairu 2007; ya dangana hakan ga rashin biyayya da rashin alhaki. Barampama dai ta kasance mai goyon bayan Hussein Radjabu, tsohon shugaban kungiyar National Council for Defence of Democracy – Forces for Defence of Democracy (CNDD–FDD), wanda shugaban ƙasar ya kore shi daga muƙaminsa jim kaɗan kafin a kori Barampama.  Daga nan kuma aka kama Radjabu aka ɗaure shi na tsawon shekaru 13 a gidan yari bisa laifin yin zagon ƙasa. 

Daga baya ta sauya sheka zuwa jam'iyyar Union for Peace and Development (UPD), kuma a shekarar 2015 ta zama babbar sakatariyar jam'iyyar. Bayan ƙaruwar tashe-tashen hankula da ake gani a tashe tashen hankulan Burundi, da kuma kisan mai magana da yawun jam'iyyar Patrice Gahungu, Barampama ta ji tsoron ranta saboda ta ce ana kallon jam'iyyar UPN a matsayin barazana ga gwamnati.

## Manazarta
Mathilda B. Canter

**Mathilda Bushel Canter** (an haife ta ne a ranar 8 ga watan Yuni, na shekara ta 1924 - 30 ga Janairu, 2015) masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam ne na Amurka kuma jagora a kungiyoyin halayyar mutum na jihohi da na kasa. An san ta da "First Lady of Arizona Psychology" saboda hidimar da ta yi wa kwamitin jihar da ƙungiyar ilimin halayyar dan adam, ita ce mace ta farko da ta zama shugabar kungiyar American Psychological Association (APA) Division of Psychotherapy (Division 29). Ta lashe kyaututtuka na kasa da yawa don nasarorin da ta samu a aikin halayyar dan adam.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Canter Mathilda Bushel a Brooklyn . Ita ce ƙarama a cikin iyalinta, kuma ta shiga ilimi tun tana ƙarama. Lokacin da Bushel ke da shekaru 4 + 1⁄2 da haihuwa, mahaifiyar Bushel ta nemi makarantar ta yankin ta ba da damar yaron ya halarci azuzuwan tare da 'yan uwanta.  A lokacin da yake da shekaru 15, Bushel ya shiga Kwalejin Brooklyn . 

Bayan kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin zamantakewa, ta yi digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Columbia, ta kammala dukkan bukatun sai dai don rubutun. Ta auri masanin ilimin halayyar Sojoji Aaron Canter, kuma ma'auratan suka koma Arizona a shekarar 1949. Canter ta zauna a gida don tayar da 'ya'yanta na 'yan shekaru, sannan ta sami digiri na biyu da Ph.D. a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam a Jami'ar Jihar Arizona, ta zama mace ta biyu da ta sami Ph.D a jami'ar. A shekara ta 1966, bayan kammala karatunsa a asibitin Veterans na Phoenix, Canter ya shiga aikin ilimin halayyar asibiti.

Canter ta zauna a Arizona har tsawon rayuwarta kuma ta kasance memba na dogon lokaci na APA da Arizona Psychological Association (AzPA). Tsohon shugaban kasa kuma memba na kwamitin AzPA, Canter ya zama sananne a matsayin "First Lady of Arizona Psychology". Daga 1976 zuwa 1986, ta yi aiki a Hukumar Nazarin Masana Halitta ta Arizona; a matsayin shugabar kungiyar, ta ba da shawara ga dokar da ke buƙatar digiri na digiri don lasisi a matsayin masanin ilimin halayyar Arizona. Ta zama mai iko kan batutuwan ɗabi'a a cikin ilimin halayyar mutum, ta jagoranci Kwamitin Ka'idojin APA kuma ta jagoranci kokarin buga ka'idodin ka'idoji da ka'idojin hali na kungiyar (1992). 

Ta sami kyaututtuka biyu daga APA don amincewa da hidimarta ga aikin ilimin halayyar dan adam: lambar yabo ta zinariya don nasarorin da aka samu a aikace-aikacen (2002) da kuma lambar yabo don gudummawa mai ban sha'awa ga ilimin halayya mai amfani a matsayin sana'a (2000). Ta kasance abokiyar ƙungiyoyi bakwai na APA .  Ya zuwa shekara ta 2008, Canter ya yi ritaya, yana ganin ƙananan marasa lafiya don maganin kwakwalwa. Ta kula da marasa lafiya har zuwa fall of 2014. Canter ya mutu a Phoenix a watan Janairun 2015.

## Manazarta
170 Hz

***170 Hz&nbsp;*** fim ne na Dutch game da naunar matasa biyu kurma. Kodayake wasu tattaunawa suna cikin Yaren mutanen Holland, mafi yawansu suna cikin yaren kurame na Yaren mutanen Dutch  kuma suna da subtitle. An fara gabatar da fim din ne a bikin fina-finai na Dutch a watan Satumbar 2011, kuma an sake shi a wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 1 ga Maris 2012. Taken yana nufin mitar 170 Hertz, mafi girman mitar wanda har yanzu ana iya jin shi ta hanyar babban hali Nick (misali sautin babur). 

## Kyaututtuka
Fim din ya lashe lambar yabo ta masu sauraro a Gouden Kalf Awards 2011.  Bugu da ƙari, an zabi fim din don "Best Sound Award" da Gaite Jansen don "mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo" a waɗannan kyaututtuka.

## Masu ba da labari

* Gaite Jansen a matsayin Evy
* Michael Muller a matsayin Nick

## Manazarta
Paula Caplan

**Joan Caplan** (7 ga Yuli, 1947 - 21 ga Yuli, 2021) masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam ne na Amurka, mai fafutuka, marubuciya, kuma mai zane. 

## Tarihin rayuwa
Caplan ta kasance abokin tarayya a Cibiyar DuBois ta Jami'ar Harvard, darektan Shirin Voices of Diversity, kuma ta kasance Fellow a baya a Shirin Mata da Manufofin Jama'a na Makarantar Gwamnati ta John F. Kennedy a Harvard. A baya ta kasance cikakken farfesa a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam, mataimakiyar farfesa a harkokin halayyar mutum, kuma malami a Nazarin Mata a Jami'ar Toronto, da kuma shugaban Cibiyar Nazarin Mata ta Ilimi a can, kuma Ƙungiyar Ilimin Halitta ta Amirka ta zaba ta a matsayin "mafi kyawun masanin halayyar mace". Ta kuma koyar a Jami'ar Harvard, Kwalejin Connecticut, da Jami'ar Rhode Island, ta ba da daruruwan adiresoshin da aka gayyata, kuma ta yi tambayoyi sama da 1,000 na kafofin watsa labarai game da batutuwan zamantakewa. Ita ce marubucin The Myth of Women's Masochism, Don't Blame Mother, da sauran littattafai da yawa. Littafinta na goma sha biyu kuma na karshe shi ne Lokacin da Johnny da Jane suka zo gida: Yadda Dukkanin Mu Za Mu Iya Taimaka Tsohon Sojoji, wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Amurka ta 2011 don Kwararru da Kwarewa a cikin rukunin Psychology.

Farawa a cikin shekarun 1980s, Caplan ya damu da cewa binciken kwakwalwa ba na kimiyya ba ne, cewa ba wa wani lakabin kwakwalwa ba ya rage wahalarsu, kuma lakabin su yana ɗauke da babbar haɗari ta lahani. Caplan ta yi magana da damuwarta ga jama'a. A cikin littafinta, They Say You're Crazy: Yadda Worlds Most Powerful Psychiatrists Decide Who's Normal, Caplan ta tattauna yanayin ganewar asali da kuma yadda DSM ke ba da gudummawa ga kuskuren musamman na psychiatry. Ta nemi ilimantar da jama'a game da yanayin rashin tsari na binciken kwakwalwa da kuma rashin mafita ga mutanen da aka cutar da su ta hanyar samun irin waɗannan alamomi, gami da yadda samun binciken kwakwalwa kuma lakabin sau da yawa na iya tsayawa a hanyar warkewa.

Paula Caplan ta mutu a ranar 21 ga Yuli, 2021, a Rockville, Maryland . 

## Ayyuka

### Mawallafin
Caplan ya rubuta littattafai goma sha biyu.

## Dubi kuma

* James Gottstein
* David Oaks
* Elyn Saks

## Manazarta
Gadah zuwa Shiru

Bridge to Silence fim ne na talabijin na  ƙasar Amurka na shekarar 1989 wanda Lee Remick da Marlee Matlin suka fito. Yana ɗaya daga cikin wasan kwaikwayo na karshe na Remick.

Remick ya kira Matlin "wani 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mai ban mamaki. Tana da buɗewa sosai kuma tana da 'yanci kuma tana da' yanci . . . mai ban sha'awa. Kwarewa ce mai ban shaʼawa, wanda nake da damuwa game da shi. Lokacin da na fara tunani, kun san, menene zai kasance kamar mu biyu mu sadarwa? Ba ni da harshen kurame a gare ni kuma kira. Amma mun yi.

An yi fim ɗin ne a Toronto kuma Karen Arthur ce ta ba da umarni. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da Remick ya yi aiki tare da darektan mata. "Yana da sha'awar yin aiki tare da mace", in ji ta. "Ba cewa ya bambanta ba dangane da aikinta, tana yin abu ɗaya kamar yadda maza ke yi, to amma ban taɓa kasancewa a wannan matsayi ba. Daraktoci koyaushe suna da nau'ikan uba. Yana da ban sha'awa. Yana da kyau. "

## manazarta