Kunyar Fitarwa

Flight shame ko ***flygskam*** (Swedish) ƙungiya ce ta zamantakewa wacce ke hana tafiye-tafiye na iska saboda Tasirin muhalli, gami da fitar da hayaki mai yawa da ke da alaƙa da Canjin yanayi na ɗan adam. Ya samo asali ne a Sweden, kalmar ta shahara ne daga mai fafutukar yanayi Greta Thunberg, tare da motsi da aka fi sani da motsi na rigakafin tashi ko motsi na tsayayya da tashi.

Kunyar tashi tana nufin rashin jin daɗi na mutum game da shiga cikin amfani wanda ke da makamashi mai tsanani tare da sakamako ga yanayi da muhalli. Har ila yau, yana nunawa a kan matafiya na iska a matsayin mutanen da ke da hannu a cikin ayyukan da ba a so a cikin al'umma, da kuma halayyar daidaitawa kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin kalmar Sweden mai alaƙa *smygflyga (watau sneak-flying) *. 

Wannan motsi ya tashi a shekarar 2018 a Sweden kuma ya sami karfin gwiwa a shekara mai zuwa a duk arewacin Turai.Flygskam'? Everything you need to know about the environmental movement that's sweeping Europequot;},quot;websitequot;:{quot;wtquot;:quot;The Independentquot;},quot;datequot;:{quot;wtquot;:quot;2019-06-05quot;},quot;urlquot;:{quot;wtquot;:quot;]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwAaA\">nbsp;.  2020."}}" id="cite_ref-Coffey_2019_1-1" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Flight_shame#cite_note-Coffey_2019-1 [1] Flygskam kalma ce ta Yaren mutanen Sweden wacce a zahiri tana nufin "abin kunya na tashi".

## Asalin
 [sv], mawaƙin Sweden, an ruwaito cewa ya kirkiro kalmar a cikin shekarar 2017. Björn Ferry, ɗan wasan Olympic, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin sanannun zakara na farko na ra'ayin. Malena Ernman, mawaƙan opera kuma mahaifiyar mai fafutukar matasa Greta Thunberg, ita ma ta sanar a fili cewa za ta daina tashi. Thunberg ya taimaka wajen al'ada motsi. Tunanin zai ci gaba da girma yayin da wasu shahararrun mutanen Sweden suka biyo baya. Maja Rosén a cikin shekarata 2018 ta fara ƙungiyar We Stay on the Ground a Sweden. Kungiyar ta yi alkawarin daina tashi na shekara guda da zarar mutane 100,000 a cikin wata ƙasa sun yi alkawarin yin hakan. Kalmar ta fara zama sananne tsakanin masu magana da Ingilishi a cikin shekarar 2019. 

## Tågskryt
*Tågskryt*, kalma ce ta Yaren mutanen Sweden wacce a zahiri tana nufin "train brag", ta samo asali ne daga motsi na *flygskam*. Wannan ra'ayin yana ƙarfafa mutane su yi tafiya ta jirgin kasa maimakon ta jirgin sama. Bugu da ƙari, yana ƙarfafa mutane su yi amfani da kafofin sada zumunta ta hanyar sanya hotuna daga tafiyar jirgin su da kuma sanya shi #tågskryt . 

Att smygflyga, wanda ke nufin "tafiye a asirce", kuma wani lokaci ne wanda aka samo daga motsi na *flygskam*.

## Tasirin
Kimanin kashi 2.5 cikin dari na hayakin carbon na duniya ya fito ne daga zirga-zirgar kasuwanci. Bugu da ƙari, jiragen sama suna fitar da wasu iskar gas kamar nitrogen oxide da tururi na ruwa a matsayin ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke da tasirin muhalli. Lokacin da motsi na kunya na jirgin ya fara, an tsara yawan jiragen sama don fadada, kodayake masana'antar jirgin sama tana daukar matakai don rage hayakin su.

### Shawarwari na mutum
Duk da yake rage hayakin jirgin sama a kan sikelin duniya yana buƙatar canje-canje na manufofi saboda suna nuna gazawar ka'idoji da kasuwanci don magance rikicin yanayi, mutane sun goyi bayan wannan ra'ayin ta hanyar rage sawun carbon na tafiyarsu da aiki a matsayin masu tasiri, masu jefa kuri'a, da mahalarta ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa don matsawa gwamnatoci da kamfanoni cikin aiki.

A Sweden, amfani da jirgin kasa ya karu, yayin da jirgin sama na cikin gida ya ragu. SJ, babban ma'aikacin jirgin ƙasa na Sweden, ya ba da rahoton cewa ya sayar da tikiti miliyan 1.5 a cikin shekarar 2018 fiye da shekarar da ta gabata. A cewar Swedavia, masu gudanar da filin jirgin saman Sweden, tafiye-tafiye na cikin gida sun ragu da kashi 9% daga shekarar da ta gabata. Yawan fasinjoji a filayen jirgin sama goma mafi yawan jama'a na Sweden sun ragu da 5% a lokacin rani na shekarata 2019, idan aka kwatanta da shekarar da ta gabata.

An ga wannan tsari a Jamus. Deutsche Bahn AG jirgin kasa ya ba da rahoton yawan matafiya a cikin shekarar 2019. Filin jirgin saman Jamus ya nuna raguwar fasinjoji da ke ɗaukar jiragen cikin gida, ƙasa da 12% daga Nuwamban shekarar 2019, idan aka kwatanta da shekarar da ta gabata.

A cikin binciken Shekarata 2019 na mutane 6,000 da bankin Switzerland UBS ya yi, kashi 21% na masu amsawa a Amurka, Faransa, Ingila da Jamus sun ce sun tashi ƙasa a cikin shekarar da ta gabata.

Har yanzu ba a lura da wannan tsari a Netherlands ba. Wani bincike na shekarata 2019 na NBTC-Nipo Research ya nuna cewa kusan kashi 60% na mutanen Holland (kashi wanda bai canza ba a cikin shekaru 10) ya bayyana cewa suna da mahimmanci don tabbatar da dorewa yayin shirin hutu, amma 5% sun fi shirin tashi zuwa inda suke a nan gaba fiye da na shekarar  2019.[1] Binciken da NBTC-Nipo ta gudanar a shekarar 2020 ya nuna cewa lamarin ya kara ta'azzara: daga cikin jimillar hutu miliyan 39.9, mutanen Holland sun yi tashin jiragen hutu miliyan 10.1 (karu 3%) da tafiye-tafiyen mota miliyan 10 a cikin 2019 (raguwar kashi 3 cikin 100), ma'ana ta tashi a cikin hutun lokacin hutu na Dutch. Netherlands &#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>. 

Hakazalika, abin kunyar jirgin bai taka kara ya karya ba a Belgium ma, inda wani sabon tarihi na fasinjoji miliyan 35 da suka tashi ko kuma suka isa jirgin a shekarar 2019. Sai dai ba a bayyana ko hakan na nuni da karuwar gurbatar yanayi ba. Misali, filin jirgin saman Brussels ya ba da rahoton raguwar adadin jiragen sama da kashi 0.5%, duk da karuwar fasinjoji da kashi 2.5%, abin da ke nuni da cewa da yawa daga cikin jiragen sun yi shawagi sosai fiye da na 2018.[1] [mafi kyawun tushe da ake bukata] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

Wasu shugabannin kamfanin jirgin sama na Amurka sun damu da cewa kunyar jirgin da Greta Thunberg ta shahara na iya taka rawa yayin da ci gaban tafiye-tafiye na duniya ya ragu zuwa 4% a cikin shekarata 2019, ya sauka daga matsakaicin 5% a kowace shekara a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata.

Kunyar tashi tana faruwa galibi lokacin da wasu ke kewaye da su waɗanda ke jin daɗi game da tasirin muhalli da jirgin ke da shi. Sa'an nan kuma ya dogara da yanayin zamantakewar mutum da kuma yadda ake jin cewa dole ne mutum ya tabbatar da yanke shawara ga waɗanda ke jin cewa dole su bi abin da wasu ke yi. Idan burin shine kauce wa hukunci, to yawan wadanda suka aiwatar da kunya na tashi za su bayyana da sha'awa game da batun. Hakazalika, kunyar jirgin sama tana faruwa sau da yawa a kan tafiye-tafiye na hutu fiye da wasu nau'ikan tafiye-tumma.

### Hana jirgin sama na gajeren lokaci
A shekara ta 2019, motsi na kunya na jirgin ya yi wahayi zuwa ga kungiyoyi da yawa, gami da jami'o'i da kasuwanni kamar Klarna Bank AB, a duk faɗin Turai don sanya haramcin jirgin gajeren lokaci a kan ma'aikatansu, da kuma hana zirga-zirgar jiragen sama masu tsawo.

### Amsar masana'antu
Kamfanonin jiragen sama sun amince da motsi a matsayin barazana ga sha'awar kasuwancinsu.[1] A cikin  shekara ta 2019, a Ƙungiyar Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Duniya (IATA) na shekara-shekara a Seoul, an tattauna yaƙi da flygskam.[2] Wasu kamfanonin jiragen sama, irin su EasyJet, sun ce za su kashe dubun-dubatar Fam na Burtaniya don siyan abubuwan kashe iskar gas.

### Cutar COVID-19
zuwa Afrilun shekarar 2020, annobar COVID-19 ta sa lambobin tafiye-tafiye na duniya su ragu, yayin da kamfanonin jiragen sama suka yanke har zuwa 95% na tafiye-tallace, suna rage tasirin motsi na *flygskam*. Prithwiraj Choudhury na Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard da Jillian Anable na Jami'ar Leeds sun yi la'akari da cewa sauye-sauyen rikicin jirgin sama da yawa da aka yi a lokacin annobar na iya haifar da canje-canje na dindindin bayan ya ƙare, kuma cewa tashi na iya zama ba zai yiwu ya koma kasuwanci kamar yadda ya saba ba, don magance canjin yanayi.

## Tattaunawar jama'a

A shekara ta 2009 Jamus gajeren bidiyon The Bill, kirkira da Germanwatch, bincika yadda tafiye-tafiye da kuma tasirinsa ake gani a yau da kullun ci gaba-duniya rayuwa, da kuma zamantakewar zamantakewa da ake wasa.

Marubucin Burtaniya George Marshall ya bincika ra'ayoyin da suka saba da su waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin shingen yin zaɓin mutum don yin tafiya kaɗan, ko don tabbatar da tafiye-tafiye na baya-bayan nan. A cikin wani aikin bincike na al'ada, "wanda ake maraba da shi don shiga", in ji shi, ya yi tattaunawa da gangan tare da mutanen da suka saba da matsalolin sauyin yanayi game da tambayoyin da suka yi game da zirga-zirgarsu ta nesa da kuma dalilin da ya sa tafiyarsu ta dace. Da yake tunani game da ayyukan da suka saba wa imanin su, ya lura, " (i) mai ban sha'awa kamar yadda rashin jituwa na iya zama, abin da ke bayyana musamman shi ne cewa kowane ɗayan waɗannan mutane yana da aikin da aka ƙaddara akan zaton cewa bayanai sun isa su haifar da canji - zaton cewa introspection na lokaci zai nuna musu yana da lahani sosai. "

A cikin wani shafin yanar gizo, Alexandre de Juniac, babban darektan sa'an nan kuma Shugaba na kungiyar kasuwanci ta jirgin sama ta IATA, ya ce "Flying shine 'yanci" da kuma "Kuntata sararin samaniya na mutane don horar da nisa ko saurin jirgin ruwa a kan ƙarni na ci gaban duniya. Dogaro da tarurruka masu kama-da-da-wane don yin haɗin duniya ya yi watsi da ji da jin dadi da ke sa mu mutum. "

Farfesa mai bincike Brené Brown ya yi jayayya cewa laifin jirgin sama ya fi amfani fiye da kunyar jirgin: "Jin kunya shine mai da hankali kan kai, laifi shine mai daɗi kan halayyar. Kunyar ita ce, 'Ina da mummunar hali.' Laifin ita ce,' Na yi wani abu mara kyau.'"

A cikin shekara ta 2011, S. Cohen ya lura da tafiye-tafiye na iska da damuwa game da tasirin yanayi suna girma, daidaitawa da fasaha da albarkatun jiki, ka'idojin kai da na waje da ka'idoji na zamantakewa ciki har da cin zarafin tafiye-tarayyar iska. A shekara ta 2009, Stefan Gössling ya nuna rikice-rikicen da ya haifar da ci gaban tafiye-tafiye na iska a cikin duniyar da ke da ƙuntataccen carbon, tare da 'yan tsiraru na mutane masu motsi da ke da alhakin babban rabo na tafiye-tarayyar iska.

A cikin Shekarar 2018, kashi 11% na yawan jama'ar duniya sun tashi, kashi 4% sun tashi zuwa kasashen waje kuma kashi 1% ne ke da alhakin rabin hayakin jirgin sama na duniya, a cewar binciken Nuwamba 2020 daga Jami'ar Linnaeus. 

A cikin shekarata 2021, Evelien van Leeuwen ya buga wata kasida game da kunya ta jirgin sama wanda ya bincika dalilin da kuma tsarin yanke shawara na fasinjojin jirgin sama waɗanda suka yanke shawarar rage hayakin su ta hanyar shirin CO2ZERO na KLM. Wannan shirin ya ba fasinjoji damar rage hayakin carbon na jirgin su ta hanyar saka hannun jari a cikin ayyukan makamashi masu ɗorewa. Binciken ya gano cewa yayin da yawancin masu amsawa suka motsa su ne saboda damuwa da muhalli, tsada da saukakawa suma muhimman abubuwa ne a cikin tsarin yanke shawara. Binciken ya kammala cewa yayin da ƙaddamar da carbon na son rai zai iya taimakawa wajen rage tasirin muhalli na tafiye-tafiye na iska, ba isasshen mafita ba ne don magance rikicin yanayi. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;**&#x5D;

### Bincike
A cikin kaka na shekara ta 2014, wani binciken Jamus ya nuna cewa masu jefa kuri'a na Green Party suna Tafiya sau da yawa ta jirgin sama: 49% suna tashi sau ɗaya a shekara idan aka kwatanta da 42% na masu jefa kuriʼa na Hagu, 36% na magoya bayan CDU / CSU (Conservatives) da 32% na magoya baya na SPD (Labour). Babu wani daga cikinsu da ya taɓa tashi, idan aka kwatanta da 17%, 16% da 13% ga sauran magoya baya, bi da bi. Kashi 48% na masu jefa kuri'a na Green ne kawai suka amince da sanarwar "Abin da yake da kyau ne da mutane da yawa za su iya iya iya iya tashi a yau" yayin da kashi 69% zuwa 77% na sauran jam'iyyun suka amince. Magoya bayan kore galibi suna da ilimi sosai kuma suna samun fiye da matsakaici, kuma suna tafiya akai-akai don kasuwanci da yawon bude ido. A Burtaniya a cikin shekarar 2015, binciken da Travelzoo ya gudanar ya nuna cewa magoya bayan Green Party sune mafi kusantar tashi mai nisa.

A watan Fabrairun shekarar 2020, wani Binciken ra'ayi na Faransa wanda Paul Chiambaretto, da sauransu, na Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Montpellier suka gudanar ya nuna cewa kashi 90% na mutane sun wuce kima da yawa game da rabon jigilar iska na hayaki na CO2, fiye da rabi suna tunanin ya wuce 10% maimakon ainihin adadi na 2-3%. 90% na mutane suna tunanin hayaki ga kowane fasinja ya kasance mai ɗorewa ko ya girma, yayin da a zahiri sun ragu da kashi 25% a cikin shekaru 15 da suka gabata kuma kashi 70% sun wuce Amfani da man fetur na jirgin sama na zamani (a cikin 2-3 L/100 km ga kowane fashewa) tare da 24% suna tunanin suna ƙonewa sama da 10 L/100 km da kowane fasinja. Daga cikin kashi 37% na mutanen Faransa da suka guji tafiye-tafiye na sama a cikin shekarar 2019, 15% daga cikinsu (5.6% gabaɗaya) sun fi son wasu hanyoyin sufuri saboda dalilai na muhalli. Bayan annobar COVID-19, kashi 61% na mutane sun ce suna da niyyar tafiya ta iska a cikin shekarata 2021, wanda ya fi hanawa ta hanyar ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye fiye da damuwa game da muhalli. Muhalli damuwa ce ga waɗanda suka guji tafiye-tafiye na sama a baya, kusan kashi 20% na yawan mutanen da aka bincika.&nbsp;&nbsp;

A farkon shekara ta 2022, Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai ya buga sakamakon binciken Yanayi na 2021-2022, wanda ya nuna cewa kashi 52% na Turawa a ƙarƙashin 30, kashi 37% na mutanen da ke tsakanin 30 da 64 da 25% ga mutanen da ke da shekaru 65 da sama suna shirin tafiya ta iska don hutun bazara a shekarar 2022; kuma kashi 27% na waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin 30, kashi 17% ga mutanen da suka kai 30-64 da 12% ga mutanen da suke da shekaru 65 zuwa sama suna shirin yin tafiya ta iska zuwa wuri mai nisa.

## Dubi kuma

* Rage bukatar tafiye-tafiye na sama

## Manazarta