Ƙungiyar Fante

**Ƙungiyar Fante** tana nufin ko dai ga ƙawancen jihohin Fante da ke wanzuwa aƙalla tun ƙarni na goma sha shida, ko kuma tana iya komawa zuwa Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta zamani da aka kafa a 1868. Ana ganin Ƙungiyar ta zama ɗaya daga cikin na farko kuma mafi mashahuri ƙungiyoyin mulkin kai. a Ghana da ma Afirka baki ɗaya. Manufarta ita ce ta girgiza mulkin mallaka da kafa mulkin demokraɗiyya na zamani.

Duk Fante masu maye gurbin da suka haɗa da Abura, Goamoa, Oguaa, Edina, Ekumfi, Asebu, Edith da wasu da yawa sun shiga wannan Ƙungiyar.

Fantes, kamar dukkan Akans, sun samo asalin zuriyarsu zuwa tsohuwar Daular Ghana a Mali ta yanzu. Sun yi imanin mutanen Akan sun yi ƙaura zuwa kudu bayan rushewar tsohuwar Ghana. Mfantefo (Fantes) sun zauna a wani yanki kusa da Takyiman na zamani a Bono Ahafo. Daga nan ne jarumansu uku da shugabanninsu masu daraja; Oson, Odapagyan da Obonomankoma ne suka jagorance su zuwa kudu zuwa inda suke yanzu a yankin tsakiyar Ghana.

## Faɗaɗa Fante
Fante ya dade yana yankin a ciki da kuma gabar abin da ake kira Ghana a yau. A cikin karni na goma sha shida, sun fara faɗaɗawa tare da yankunan bakin teku don karewa daga mamayar ƙasashen waje. Kafa haɗin gwiwa shine shelar ƙananan masarautu masu zaman kansu da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da Fante.

Daidaitaccen bayani ya daɗe cewa jihohin Fante an tilasta su kafa ƙungiya ta saurin haɓaka Ashanti Confederacy a farkon ƙarni na sha takwas wanda ya fara yin barazana ga tsaron yankin da ke kewaye. Sanders ya bayar da hujjar cewa irin wannan rundunonin da ke jagorantar faɗaɗawa da haɓaka Ashanti, kasuwancin da ke da fa'ida tare da Turawa da gabatar da bindigogi da sauran makamai, su ma sun ƙara haɓaka haɗin kan Fante.

Fante ya haɗu kuma ya samar da haɗin gwiwa wanda mutanen Gold Coast ba kawai za su gane shi ba, har ma da manyan ƙasashen Turai. Babban jami'in Mankessim, wanda aka ba shi taken Breyni, shine ke jagorantar ƙungiyar. Wajibi ne na Babban Sarki ya mutunta buƙatun majalisar shugabannin manyan garuruwa. Duk da irin wannan tsarin siyasa Fante bai taɓa yin nasarar zama ɗaya kamar Ashanti ba, duk da cewa an shawo kan bambance -bambancen da ke tsakaninsu lokacin da masarautunsu ke cikin mummunan barazana. A farkon karni na sha takwas Fante ya faɗaɗa ta hanyar kashe ƙananan ƙasashe maƙwabta a ƙarshe ya haɗa ƙasashen Asebu, Cabesterra, da Agona. Fante abokan kawance ne na Burtaniya waɗanda ke goyan bayan ƙoƙarin su a kan kishiyar Dutch, waɗanda suka yi dai-dai da Ashanti. Ƙungiyoyin Fante sun yi ƙanƙanta da Ashanti, amma ta hanyar kula da kasuwancin bakin teku da kusancin alaƙa da Burtaniya, Fante ya zama masu gudanar da duk Gold Coast. Shugabannin Fante sun kasance mafi ilimi da wadatar mutane a yankin.

## Rikici da Ashanti
A farkon rabin ƙarni na goma sha takwas, Ashanti sun shagala da faɗaɗa haɗin gwiwarsu zuwa arewa maimakon a kan ƙungiyoyin bakin teku masu ƙarfi. Shekaru masu zuwa sun ga rigingimun cikin gida tsakanin Ashanti. Daga baya Fante ya shiga tsakani, yana ba da tallafin kayan agaji ga kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye a Ashanti tare da ba da mafakar tsaro ga' yan gudun hijira da masu adawa da tserewa daga Ashanti Confederacy. Fante ya gabatar da dokokin da suka hana sayar da bindigogi ga Ashanti da rage yawan cinikin da zai iya wucewa tsakanin filayen Fante, tare da yanke kayan masarufi.

A farkon karni na goma sha tara Ashanti ya dunkule manyan sassan tsakiyar yankin a karkashin mulkin su kuma ya fara shirin mamaye mamaye Fante Confederacy. A cikin 1806 an fara Yaƙin Ashanti-Fante. Turawan Burtaniya sun ji ba su iya shiga tsakani ba kuma galibi sun taka dukkan kabilun Akan da juna a cikin "rarrabuwa da dabarun mulki". Burtaniya ta tura wannan dabarar a sassa da dama na Afirka.

Wani lokaci Burtaniya ta ci gaba da aiki tare da Fante don rage Ashanti. Tare da shawara daga Turawan Ingila a 1811 Fante ya sake shiga yaƙi. Yayin da aka ci nasara a fagen fama Fante ya sami nasarar cin yaƙin ta hanyar tilasta Ashanti ya janye ta hanyar amfani da dabarun yaƙi. A cikin shekaru da yawa masu zuwa Fante yayi aiki don kunna Ashante akan Burtaniya yayin riƙe da 'yancin kai, amma bayan lokaci, tasirin Biritaniya ya mamaye ƙasashen Fante. A cikin 1844 shugabannin Fante sun yarda da haɗin gwiwa tare da Birtaniyya wanda ya mai da yankin yanki na Burtaniya, amma tabbataccen iko na ciki zai kasance tare da masu mulkin yankin.

## Tashin hankali da Turawa
Koyaya, Ba da daɗewa ba Burtaniya ta fara ƙeta yarjejeniyar, kuma ta tsoma baki cikin rayuwa a bakin tekun. Shugabannin Fante ba su ji daɗi ba sosai kuma suna jin cewa Burtaniya na sha'awar kasuwancinsu ne kawai. Matakin da ya fi kawo rigima shi ne yarjejeniyar 1868 tsakanin Turawan Burtaniya da Yaren mutanen Holland don cinikin katanga a bakin tekun. A baya duk gabar tekun ta kasance garkuwar garkuwar Burtaniya da Dutch. Gwamnatocin Burtaniya da na Holan sun amince su yi musayar muhallai inda Birtaniyya za ta sarrafa dukkan shingayen da ke gabashin Kogin Kakum, kuma Mutanen Holland za su kai duk sansanin zuwa yamma, gami da mafi yawan waɗanda ke yankunan Fante. Har ila yau, an yi ta jayayya cewa masu fada aji na cikin gida suna matukar matsa lamba don kawar da cinikin bayi mai fa'ida daga Turawan Turai bayan sun fahimci irin ta'asar da danginsu suke a Amurka.

Waɗannan abubuwan sun fusata mutane sosai a duk yankin. A bisa doka sarakunan yankin na ganin Turawa a matsayin masu haya, kuma sun nemi haƙƙin amincewa da musaya na sansanin. Ba a ma shawarci sarakunan yankin ba kafin a sanar da yarjejeniyar. Fante ya kuma damu game da kusancin alaƙar tsakanin Ashanti da Dutch bayan yaƙi duka biyun a shekaru daban -daban. An tabbatar da Fante yana da ƙwarewa sosai a yaƙi wanda ba da daɗewa ba ƙarfin yaƙinsu ya bazu zuwa Turai. Har zuwa yau, tutocin yaƙin Fante Asafo sun zama kayan tattara abubuwa masu daraja waɗanda ake siyarwa akan adadi mai yawa a Turai da Amurka. Ana iya samun misalai anna  ko anan  da kuma nan

## Ƙirƙirar Hadin Kan Zamani
Wannan ya haifar da taron 1868 na manyan Fante Paramount Chiefs da kuma wakilan abokan haɗin gwiwarsu Akan Denkyira, Wassa, Twifu da Assin, waɗanda suka hadu a Mankessim, Fante Capital Town kuma suka kafa Ƙungiya. Kasashen Hadaddiyar Daular, saboda yaki da Holand da Danish, sun zama abokan Burtaniya, amma kuma sun nemi haƙƙin mulkin kai. Sun kuma yi alƙawarin hana Dutch ɗin ɗaukar madafun iko a cikin yankin.

Sabuwar jihar tana da Sarki-Shugaban ƙasa a ƙasa kuma a ƙarƙashinsa akwai majalisar sarakuna da dattawa da babban taron ƙasa wanda ke wakiltar mafi yawan jama'a. An zabi Sarki Ghartey na IV (c. 1820–1897) na Winneba a matsayin Sarki na farko, yayin da Sarki Nana Amfo Otu Gyandoh na Abura ya zama mai kula da rundunar Sojojin haɗin gwiwa. Sabuwar gwamnatin ta ƙirƙiri dakaru masu tsayin daka na wasu maza 15,000, ta gabatar da harajin zaɓe da ya shafi yankin, kuma mafi mahimmanci tsarin shari'a wanda ya tabbatar da haƙƙin Ƙungiyar, ba Burtaniya ba, don daidaita adalci. An yi kwatankwacin wannan Ƙungiyar ta gabas ta Ƙungiyar Ga-led Accra

Amfo Otu Babban Hafsan Abura Dunkwa da Sakataren Tsaro na gaskiya kuma Babban Kwamandan Fante Army, sun yi tattakin sojojin ƙungiyar zuwa Komenda don shiga wannan birni a ƙoƙarin ta na hana Dutch mallakar ikon sansanin da Turawan Burtaniya suka bar. Wannan ƙoƙarin ya yi nasara kuma Dutch sun ƙi. Amfo Otu, ɗaya daga cikin Manyan Yaƙi na Fante, daga baya ya juya zuwa ƙoƙarin ɗaukar Elmina, cibiyar ƙarfin Dutch a bakin teku. Yunkurin afkawa birnin ya gagara kuma sojojin Fante sun ruɗe cikin dogon yaƙi.

A cikin 1871 an sake rubuta kundin tsarin mulki kuma an ƙirƙiri sabuwar Majalisar zartarwa. An zabi Amfo Otu da Edu na Mankessim tare a matsayin Shugabannin Sarakuna, amma jim kaɗan bayan haka aka canza matsayin Amfo Otu zuwa Janar Field Marshal kuma Edu ya zama Sarki-Shugaba guda ɗaya.

## Rage Rikicin
Ƙungiyoyin Turai sun raunana Fante Confederacy sosai ciki har da Burtaniya, Dutch da Danish. Sun ga hakan a matsayin barazana ga ikonsu da mamayar Afirka. Doguwar fada a kusa da Elmina ba da daɗewa ba ya fara lalata albarkatun jihar. Ya tabbatar da cewa ba za ta iya tara yawancin harajin zaɓen ba, kuma Birtaniyya ta ƙi ba da izini ga Ƙungiyar Tarayya ta yi ciniki mai riba a yankin. Na ɗan lokaci 'yan uwan ​​Ghartey (ɗaya daga cikin attajirai na asali na farko a Afirka) sun ba da kuɗin jihar daga aljihu, amma ba da daɗewa ba asusun Confederacy ya ragu. Bugu da ƙari, faɗa tare da Mutanen Holland da ƙawayenta sun bar yankin arewacin Confederacy, a kan iyaka da Ashanti, ba a ba da kariya ba kuma waɗannan yankuna sun ji cewa Ƙungiyar ta gaza samar da kariyar da ake buƙata.

Yayin da gamayyar ƙungiyoyi suka yi yaƙi da Mutanen Holland a Kudu maso Yamma, sun kuma yi yaƙi da Flank ɗin su na Arewa tare da Ashantis don kare babban yankin su. Wannan ya tabbatar da nisa sosai ga jihar.

Halin Birtaniyya ga Confederacy ya gauraye. Asali, Burtaniya ba ta da sha'awar gudanar da yankin kai tsaye kuma wasu suna jin cewa tsarin mulkin Turai mai cin gashin kansa ya kasance ci gaba mai kyau. Koyaya, wasu wakilan Burtaniya a yankin da London sun ga Confederacy a matsayin abin ƙyama wanda ya kasance mai adawa da Birtaniyya kuma ya kai ga gazawa. Yaren mutanen Holland, yayin da suke cin nasara a kan Fante, ba za su iya samun damar yin yaƙi a Yammacin Afirka ba kuma sun yanke shawarar yin watsi da Gold Coast gaba ɗaya. Turawan Burtaniya, a yanzu ke iko da yankin baki ɗaya, sun tunkari shugabannin Ƙungiyar kuma sun ba su kuɗi tare da dinka rashin amana tsakanin manyan Fante Paramount. Wannan rashin jituwa ya haifar da haɗa Fante zuwa cikin Gold Coast a kusa da 1873.

## Manazarta

* Sanders, James, "The Expansion of the Fante and the Emergence of Asante in the Eighteenth Century", in *Journal of African History*, 1979.