Ruth Simpson (mai fafutuka)

**Ruth Simpson** (Maris 15, 1926 - Mayu 8, 2008) ita ce ta kafa cibiyar al'umma ta farko ta Amurka, marubuciya, kuma tsohon shugaban Daughters of Bilitis, New York .

An buga littafinta, From the Closet to the Courts a 1977 kuma an sake buga shi a 2007. Ta kuma samar da shirin mako-mako na tsawon sa'a "Minority Report" a Woodstock, New York daga 1982 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2008.

## Ayyukanta
A matsayinsa na shugaban reshen New York na Daughters of Bilitis (DOB), Simpson ya shirya zanga-zangar kare hakkin ɗan luwaɗi da shirye-shiryen ilimi ga membobin DOB a lokacin 1969-71. Sau da yawa lokacin da 'yan sanda na NYC, ba tare da takardun shaida ba, suka shiga cibiyar 'yan mata ta DOB a ƙananan Manhattan, Simpson ta tsaya tsakanin' yan sanda da matan DOB. A lokuta uku 'yan sanda sun kira ta don bayyana a kotu. An kuma kama ta a taron mata da Richard Nixon (WARN), tare da Ellen Povill, Ti-Grace Atkinson da Flo Kennedy, kuma sun kwashe mafi yawan rana a kurkuku har sai lauyan mata ya sami sakin su.A matsayinsa na shugaban reshen New York na Daughters of Bilitis (DOB), Simpson ya shirya zanga-zangar kare hakkin ɗan luwaɗi da shirye-shiryen ilimi ga membobin DOB a lokacin 1969-71. Sau da yawa lokacin da 'yan sanda na NYC, ba tare da takardun shaida ba, suka shiga cibiyar 'yan mata ta DOB a ƙananan Manhattan, Simpson ta tsaya tsakanin' yan sanda da matan DOB. A lokuta uku 'yan sanda sun kira ta don bayyana a kotu. An kuma kama ta a taron mata da Richard Nixon (WARN), tare da Ellen Povill, Ti-Grace Atkinson da Flo Kennedy, kuma sun kwashe mafi yawan rana a kurkuku har sai lauyan mata ya sami sakin su.

A cikin aikin farko na Ruth Simpson na 1976 Daga Closet zuwa Kotuna ta rubuta tarihinta a farkon kwanakin ƙungiyar gay da kuma matakan da aka ɗauka don cimma adalci, haƙƙin jama'a da daidaito a ƙarƙashin doka ga yawancin jama'ar LGBT.

Ruth ta samar da shirin talabijin na mako-mako, "Minority Report", a Woodstock, New York. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar kwamitin Woodstock Public Library daga 1982 zuwa 2001 kuma ta ci gaba a matsayin Jami'in har zuwa mutuwarta. Ruth ta buga waƙarta a cikin mujallu na wallafe-wallafen, kuma ta ba da jawabai da yawa a makarantun koleji a yankin Hudson Valley.

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Shekaru na farko
Ruth Simpson - an haife ta kuma ta girma a Cleveland, Ohio - 'yar Ethel da Edward Simpson ce, majagaba a cikin ƙungiyar ma'aikata. A tsakiyar shekarun 1930 zuwa farkon shekarun 1940 iyayen Ruth sun shirya UAW, AFL-CIO Union (Local 88) kuma tare da $ 14 kawai a cikin baitulmalin, sun kira yajin aiki a kan Kamfanin Batir na Willard Storage, masana'antar farko da za a buga saboda haɗarin lafiya a wurin aiki. Yajin aikin ya yi nasara kuma an tilasta kamfanin ya shigar da na'urorin iska a kan gubar ƙonewa da kuma tashoshin niƙa gubar inda ma'aikata suka sha wahala, kuma wasu sun mutu, daga guba ta gubar.

Ethel Simpson ta bincika alamun ma'aikatan gida 88 a ɗakin karatu na jama'a na Cleveland yayin da 'yarta ta zaɓi littattafai don mako. Binciken Ethel Simpson ne ya tabbatar da cewa hakika guba ce ta gubar - cuta da ba a san ta sosai a lokacin - wanda ya haifar da cutar ma'aikata. Likitan kamfanin ya shafe shekaru yana gano alamun cutar a matsayin "flu" kuma, lokacin da ma'aikata suka zama gurgu, a matsayin "dropsy" don Kamfanin Willard ya iya kauce wa biyan biyan Ma'aikata.

Wata rana ta rani a 1938, ma'aikata a cikin tsire-tsire na Cleveland da ke kewaye da masana'antar Fisher Body sun kira yajin aiki na tausayi, kuma iyalai na membobin ƙungiyar sun fito don shiga layin ma'aikatan Fisher Body (ƙungiyar tana da matsaloli wajen samun haƙƙin ciniki). Ruth Simpson, mai shekaru 12 a lokacin, ta ce wannan shine ranar da ta koyi game da haɗarin da masu fafutuka suka fuskanta. 'Yan sanda, duka a kan doki da masu sintiri, sun kai hari kan masu zanga-zangar zaman lafiya tare da sanduna da iskar hawaye. Ruth ta ga mahaifinta, yayin da yake gudu don taimakawa wani mutum mai zubar da jini, wanda 'yan sanda biyu suka bi shi. Ɗaya daga cikinsu ya jefa bam din gas wanda ya buga diddige na takalmin mahaifinta, kuma ya hau cikin girgije na hayaki mai guba. Wani dan sanda ya kori Ruth da mahaifiyarta a kan hanyar da ke da babban bango wanda ke toshe duk wani fita. Su ma, sun koyi ƙanshin da ciwo na iskar hawaye. Ruth ta ce tana tunawa da sauti na itace a kan ƙashi yayin da aka doke kawuna kuma, mafi mahimmanci, girman kai ga iyayenta da ƙungiyar ma'aikata.

A farkon shekarunta, Ruth Simpson ta koyi ƙwarewar ƙungiya, da kuma muhimmancin gwagwarmaya da rashin adalci, daga abin da iyayenta suka bari.

### Shekaru na baya
Ruth da abokin aikinta na shekaru 37, Ellen Povill, sun hadu a DOB kuma sun sayi gidansu a Woodstock a shekarar 1976. Nan da nan suka zama masu aiki a cikin sabuwar al'ummarsu - Ellen a matsayin mai daukar hoto wanda ke yin rikodin al'adun al'adu na gida da kuma shirya su a talabijin na talabijin. Ruth ta taimaka wajen shirya kungiyar gay ta farko ta Woodstock kuma ta kaddamar da dokar kare hakkin dan adam a garin. Bayan tattara da kuma ba da daruruwan takardun da aka sanya hannu ga jami'an gari, an gaya wa Ruth cewa hukumar gari ta yanke shawarar cewa za a yi muhawara ta jama'a a zauren gari tsakanin Ruth da mai wa'azi mai tsattsauran ra'ayi na gari, a ranar soyayya. Ruth ta ba da rahoton cewa mutanen garin sun yi tunanin ta lashe muhawara. Amma kwamitin gari ya yanke shawarar cewa Woodstock ya riga ya kasance mai sassaucin ra'ayi kuma saboda haka ba ya buƙatar irin wannan doka.

Ruth ta zama mai kula da ɗakin karatu kuma an nemi ta koyar da bitar rubuce-rubuce na tsofaffi na Woodstock kimanin shekaru biyu bayan ita da Ellen sun isa Woodstock. Ellen har yanzu tana yin rubuce-rubuce game da abubuwan da suka faru a yankin don samun damar shiga cikin gida da kuma ba da gudummawa ga ɗakunan ajiya na Laburaren.

## Mutuwa
Ruth Simpson ta mutu a ranar 8 ga Mayu, 2008. 

## Manazarta

* Ruth Simpson, Daga akwatin zuwa kotuna (Washington, DC: Take Root Media, 2007) An adana shi 2009-02-10 a    
* Kay Tobin, The Gay Crusaders (New York: Paperback Library, 1972)