Sauyin yanayi na Phoenix

Phoenix tana da Yanayin hamada mai zafi (Köppen: *BWh*),  wanda ya dace da hamadar Sonoran, kuma ita ce birni mafi girma a Amurka a cikin wannan yankin yanayi.  Phoenix yana da tsawo, lokacin rani mai zafi sosai da gajeren hunturu mai sauƙi. Birnin yana cikin ɗayan yankuna masu hasken rana a duniya, tare da Tsawon hasken rana wanda ya dace da yankin Sahara. Tare da sa'o'i 3,872 na hasken rana a kowace shekara, Phoenix tana karɓar mafi yawan hasken rana na kowane babban birni a Duniya. Matsakaicin yanayin zafi a lokacin rani shine mafi zafi na kowane babban birni a Amurka. A matsakaita, akwai kwanaki 111 a kowace shekara tare da saman akalla  ° F (38 ° C), gami da mafi yawan kwanaki daga ƙarshen Mayu zuwa ƙarshen Satumba. Mafi girma  ° F (43 ° C) matsakaicin kwanaki 21 a cikin shekara. A ranar 26 ga Yuni, 1990, zafin jiki ya kai wani lokaci mai girma na  ° F (50 ° C). 

A cikin 2024, Phoenix-Mesa, AZ, ya kasance a matsayi na biyar don mafi yawan gurɓacewar sararin samaniya a Amurka bisa ga Ƙungiyar Huhu ta Amirka.  Har ila yau, Phoenix yana da matakan gurɓataccen gurɓataccen yanayi, kodayake biranen California ne ke jagorantar al'ummar cikin wannan haɗari.  PM2.5 particulate al'amarin, wanda shi ne wani bangaren na dizal engine shaye, da kuma mafi girma PM10 barbashi, wanda zai iya fitowa daga kura, iya duka kai game da matakan a Phoenix.  A zahiri, mutane, dabbobin gida, da sauran dabbobin da aka fallasa ga yawan ƙurar ƙura na PM10 - musamman daga guguwar ƙura ko daga wuraren aikin gona ko wuraren gine-gine - suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar zazzabin Valley, kamuwa da cututtukan fungal..
 
Ba kamar yawancin wuraren hamada ba waɗanda ke da sauye-sauye masu yawa tsakanin yanayin rana da na dare, tasirin tsibirin zafi na birane yana iyakance bambancin zafin jiki na Phoenix. Yayin da birnin ya fadada, matsakaicin yanayin zafi na lokacin rani yana ci gaba da tashi. Hanyar tafiya, tituna, da gine-gine suna adana zafin Rana kuma suna haskaka shi da dare. Rashin yau da kullun ya kasance a ko sama da  ° F (27 ° C) don matsakaicin kwanaki 74 a kowace bazara. A ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2023, Phoenix ta kafa rikodin ta don mafi yawan zafin jiki na yau da kullun,  ° F (36 ° C). 

Birnin yana da kimanin kwanaki 300 na hasken rana, ko sama da 85% na sa'o'in hasken rana.   kuma yana samun ruwan sama kaɗan.  Matsakaicin shekara-shekara a Filin jirgin saman Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport shine  in (183 . Alamar kasuwanci ta yankin bushewa da hasken rana ta katse ta hanyar hadari na Pacific a cikin hunturu da isowar Ruwan sama na Arewacin Amurka a lokacin rani. A tarihi, ruwan sama ya fara ne a hukumance lokacin da matsakaicin raɓa ya kasance  ° F (13 ° C) na kwana uku a jere - yawanci yana faruwa a farkon Yuli. Don kara wayar da kan jama'a game da ruwan sama da inganta aminci, duk da haka, Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Kasa ta ba da umarnin cewa farawa a cikin 2008, Yuni 15 zai zama "ranar farko" ta hukuma ta ruwan sama, kuma zai ƙare a ranar 30 ga Satumba. Lokacin da yake aiki, ruwan sama yana haɓaka matakan danshi kuma yana iya haifar da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi, ambaliyar ruwa, ƙanƙara, iska mai lalacewa, da guguwar ƙura  - wanda zai iya tashi zuwa matakin Habuob a wasu shekaru. 

Agusta shine watan mafi ruwan sanyi (inci 0.93 (24 mm)), yayin da Yuni shine mafi bushewa (0.02 inci (0.51 mm)).  A ranar 8 ga Satumba, 2014, birnin Phoenix ya ƙididdige yawan ruwan sama guda ɗaya da Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Ƙasa ta yi da inci 3.30 (84 mm), ya karya tarihin shekaru 75 na inci 2.91 (74 mm), wanda aka kafa a ranar 4 ga Satumba, 1939.[1]  Guguwar ta watan Satumbar 2014 ta samo asali ne daga ragowar guguwar Norbert wadda ta taso daga mashigin tekun California ta kuma mamaye manyan biranen birnin da kuma kananan hanyoyin mota, inda ta makale daruruwan masu ababen hawa.  A matsakaita, maki raɓa suna tashi daga 31 °F (-1 °C) a watan Afrilu zuwa 58 °F (14 °C) a watan Agusta.   Lokaci-lokaci, maki raɓa na iya faɗuwa ƙasa da 0 °F (-18 °C), ko kuma za su iya wuce 70 °F (21 °C) yayin lokutan ayyukan damina mai ƙarfi—haɓaka yanayi mara kyau a yankin..

Yankunan hamada a ciki da kewayen birni sun zama masu saukin kamuwa da barkewar gobarar daji. Hadarin wuta ya fi girma a cikin bazara da watanni na rani bayan hunturu mai laushi, saboda sakamakon kafet na mamayewa, ciyawa, da burbushin. Yankin da ke da tsaunuka sau da yawa yana sa kokarin kashe gobara ya zama da wahala. Saboda tsire-tsire da yawa na hamada ba su dace da wuta ba, gobarar daji tana haifar da babbar barazana ga makomar yanayin yanayin hamada na gida.

Gabaɗaya magana, mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a Phoenix yana cikin tsakiyar zuwa ƙasa 30s. Yana da wuya ya faɗi zuwa  ° F (0 ° C) ko ƙasa, bayan ya yi haka a cikin shekaru tara kawai tsakanin 1991 da 2020 a cikin jimlar kwanaki goma sha bakwai. Koyaya, ɓangarorin da ke kewaye da yankin Phoenix galibi suna ganin sanyi a cikin hunturu. Gishiri na farko da aka rubuta ya faru ne a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 1956, kuma na baya-bayan nan ya faru ne ranar 31 ga Maris, 1987.  Mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki da aka rubuta a Phoenix ya kasance  ° F (-9 ° C) a ranar 7 ga Janairu, 1913, yayin da mafi sanyi na yau da kullun da aka taɓa rubuta ya kasance  ° F (2 ° C) ranar 10 ga Disamba, 1898. Tsawon ci gaba mafi tsawo ba tare da rana ta sanyi ba a Phoenix kusan shekaru takwas, daga Disamba 27, 1990, zuwa Disamba 23, 1998.

Snow yana da wuya a Phoenix. An fara yin rikodin dusar ƙanƙara a hukumance a cikin 1898, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, tarin inci 0.1 (0.25  ko mafi girma ya faru sau takwas kawai a cikin iyakokin birni. Guguwar dusar ƙanƙara mafi tsanani a rubuce-rubuce ta faru ne a ranar 21-22 ga Janairu, 1937, lokacin da 1 zuwa 4 inci (2.5 zuwa 10.2  ya fadi a wasu sassan birnin kuma bai narke gaba ɗaya ba har kwana uku. A ranar 6 ga Disamba, 1998, dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗi a fadin yankunan arewa maso yammacin birnin, kuma Sky Harbor ta ba da rahoton dusar ƙara. A ranar 21-22 ga Fabrairu, 2019, sassan arewa da arewa maso gabashin yankin metro sun sami inci da yawa na dusar ƙanƙara yayin da Sky Harbor ta ba da rahoton ruwan sama mai rikodin. Irin wannan guguwa ta shafi yankin a ranar 1 ga Maris, 2023. Tsakanin 2010 da 2021, Phoenix ta fuskanci manyan guguwa uku na hunturu tare da tarawa, dusar ƙanƙara.  

## Jerin lokaci