Hakkokin LGBT a Najeriya

Maɗigo, Luwaɗi, bisexual, da canza halitta (LGBT) mutane a **[[Najeriya]]** suna fuskantar ƙalubalen shari'a da zamantakewa waɗanda ba mazauna LGBT ba suka fuskanta. Ana keta haƙƙin LGBT gabaɗaya kuma luwadi ba bisa ka'ida ba ne a Najeriya kuma ana iya hukunta shi da shekaru 14 a kurkuku a cikin tsarin kotun al'ada. Babu kariya ta doka ga haƙƙin LGBT a Najeriya da ke da ra'ayin mazan jiya fiye da mutane miliyan 225, sun rabu tsakanin yawancin Musulmai a arewa da kuma yawancin Krista a kudu. Mutane ƙalilan na LGBT ne ke budewa game da yanayin jima'i, saboda tashin hankali a kansu yana faruwa akai-akai. Yawancin 'yan Najeriya na LGBTQ suna guduwa zuwa ƙasashe masu ci gaba don neman kariya.

Dangantakar jima'i ta jinsi guda ba bisa ka'ida ba ce a Najeriya. Matsakaicin hukunci a cikin jihohin arewa 12 da suka karɓi dokar Shari'a shine mutuwa ta hanyar dutse. Wannan dokar ta shafi dukkan Musulmai da wadanda suka yarda da son rai don aiwatar da kotunan Shari'a. A kudancin Najeriya da kuma karkashin dokokin aikata laifuka na arewacin Najeriya, matsakaicin hukunci don yin jima'i na jinsi ɗaya shine ɗaurin shekaru 14. Dokar hana auren jinsi guda ta haramta duk wani nau'i na auren jinsi guda da auren jinsi guda a duk fadin kasar.

Dangane da 2007 Pew Global Attitudes Project, kashi 97% na mazaunan Najeriya sun yi imanin cewa luwadi hanya ce ta rayuwa da bai kamata al'umma ta yarda da ita ba, wanda shine na biyu mafi girma na rashin yarda a cikin ƙasashe 45 da aka bincika. A cikin shekara ta 2015, wani binciken da wata kungiya ta kafa ta wani dan gwagwarmayar ɗan luwaɗi na Najeriya da ke zaune a London ya yi ikirarin cewa wannan kashi ya ragu zuwa kashi 94%. A cikin wannan binciken da Bisi Alimi ya yi, a wannan lokacin yawan 'yan Najeriya da suka yarda da cewa ya kamata mutanen LGBT su sami ilimi, kiwon lafiya, da gidaje ya kai kashi 30%. Matsayin rashin amincewa ya ragu dan kadan zuwa 91% a wani binciken Cibiyar Bincike ta Pew a cikin 2019.

## Shari'a na jima'i na jinsi ɗaya

### Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Najeriya

#### Dokar aikata laifuka

##### Dokar Laifuka ta Tarayya a duk jihohin kudanci
Ayyukan jima'i tsakanin maza ba bisa ƙa'ida ba ne a ƙarƙashin Dokar Laifuka wanda ya shafi kudancin Najeriya kuma yana ɗauke da matsakaicin hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 14 a kurkuku. Ba a ambaci ayyukan jima'i tsakanin mata musamman a cikin lambar ba, kodayake ana iya jayayya cewa kalmar "mutum" a cikin Sashe na 214 na lambar ta haɗa da mata. Babi na 21 na wannan lambar ya ba da wani bangare mai dacewa kamar haka:

* Sashe na 214.

Duk wani mutum wanda ke da ilimin jiki na kowane mutum a kan tsari na yanayi; ko (c) ya ba da izinin namiji ya sami ilimin jiki game da shi ko ita a kan tsari ya halitta; yana da laifi, kuma yana da alhakin ɗaurin shekaru goma sha huɗu.

* Sashe na 215.

Duk mutumin da ya yi ƙoƙari ya aikata duk wani laifi da aka bayyana a cikin sashe na ƙarshe da ya gabata yana da laifi kuma yana da alhakin ɗaurin shekaru bakwai. Ba za a iya kama mai laifin ba tare da takardar shaidar ba.

* Sashe na 217.

Duk wani namiji wanda, ko a fili ko a sirri, ya aikata duk wani mummunan lalata tare da wani namiji, ko kuma ya sayi wani namiji don yin duk wani mummunan mummunan lalata tare tare da shi, ko ƙoƙarin samun aikin kowane namiji tare da kansa ko tare da wani mutum namiji, yo a fili ko sirri, yana da laifi kuma yana da alhakin ɗaurin shekaru uku. Ba za a iya kama mai laifin ba tare da takardar shaidar ba.

##### Dokar Shari'a ta Tarayya a duk jihohin arewa
Sashe na 284 na Dokar Shari'a (Jami'o'in Arewa) Dokar Tsaro ta Tarayya, wanda ya shafi dukkan jihohin arewacin Najeriya, ya ba da cewa:Duk wanda ya yi jima'i na jiki ba bisa ka'idar yanayi ba tare da kowane mutum, mace ko dabba za a hukunta shi da ɗaurin kurkuku na tsawon lokaci wanda zai iya kaiwa shekaru goma  huɗu kuma zai kasance da alhakin tarar.: shafi: 69 

Sashe na 405 ya ba da cewa namiji wanda ke sanye da ko kuma yana sanye da salon mace a wurin jama'a ko wanda ke yin sodomy a matsayin hanyar rayuwa ko kuma a matsayin sana'a shine "mai yawo". A karkashin Sashe na 407, hukuncin shine matsakaicin shekara guda a kurkuku ko tarar, ko duka biyun.: shafi: 126 

Sashe na 405 ya kuma bayar da cewa "mai yawo mai banƙyama" shine "duk mutumin da bayan an yanke masa hukunci a matsayin mai yawo ya aikata kowane laifi wanda zai sa ya sake yanke masa hukunci kamar haka".: : 127 Hukuncin da ke ƙarƙashin Sashe na 408 shine matsakaicin shekaru biyu na ɗaurin kurkuku ko tarar, ko duka biyu.: shafi: 128

##### Shari'a dokar da wasu jihohin arewa suka kafa
Jihohi goma sha biyu na arewa sun karɓi wani nau'i na Shari'a a cikin ka'idojin aikata laifuka: Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Nijar, Sokoto, Yobe, da Zamfara. Shari'ar Shari'a ta  wadanda suka yarda da ikon kotunan Shari'a da kuma dukkan Musulmai.: shafi: 45 

###### Ma'anar sodomy
A cikin jihohin Kaduna da Yobe, "sodomy" ana aikata shi ne ta hanyar "[wanda] ya kasance yana da jima'i na hanci tare da kowane mutum".

A cikin jihohin Kano da Katsina, "sodomy" ana aikata shi ne ta hanyar "[wanda] ke da jima'i na jiki bisa ka'idar yanayi tare da kowane mutum ko mace ta hanyar madaidaiciyarta".

A cikin jihohin Bauchi, Gombe, Jigawa, Sokoto, da Zamfara, "sodomy" ana aikata  ne ta hanyar "[wannan] yana da jima'i na jiki game da tsarin yanayi tare da kowane mutum ko mace".: shafi: 69 

###### Hukunce-hukunce don laifin sodomy
A cikin jihohin Gombe, Jigawa, Zamfara, da Kano, mutumin da bai yi aure ba wanda ya aikata laifin sodomy za a hukunta shi da "caning na ɗari" da kuma ɗaurin kurkuku na tsawon shekara guda. Idan an yi aure, hukuncin kisa don yin sodomy shine kisa ta hanyar dutse (rajm). A Kano, mutuwa ta hanyar dutse ta shafi idan mutum ya riga ya yi aure.: :70

A cikin jihar Bauchi, mutumin da ya aikata laifin sodomy za a hukunta  da dutse har zuwa mutuwa (rajm) ko ta kowace hanya da jihar ta yanke shawarar.: shafi: 70 

A cikin jihohin Kaduna, Katsina, Kebbi, da Yobe, mutumin da ya aikata laifin sodomy za a hukunta  da dutse har zuwa mutuwa (rajm).: shafi: 70 

A cikin jihar Sokoto, mutumin da ya aikata laifin sodomy za a hukunta shi da dutse har zuwa mutuwa. Idan ƙarami ya aikata aikin a kan babba, ƙaramin yana fuskantar hukunci na gyara kuma babba yana fuskantar hukunci ta hanyar ta'azir wanda zai iya kaiwa ga bulala 100.:  A Sokoto, ta'azur yana nufin hukunci na hankali don laifin da ba a bayyana hukuncinsa ba.: shafi: 53 

###### Ma'anar lesbianism
A cikin jihohin Bauchi, Gombe, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Sokoto, Yobe, da Zamfara, 'yan mata ne ke aikata mata ta hanyar "[wannan, kasancewa mace, ya shiga wata mace cikin jima'i ta hanyar jima'i ko ta hanyar motsawa ko farin ciki na jima'i na juna. " Bauchi, Jigawa, Katsina, Kebbi, Sokoto, Yobe da Zamfara sun haɗa da bayanin hukuma mai zuwa: "an aikata laifin ne ta hanyar haɗuwa da gabobin jima'i na mata da / ko ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyi na halitta ko na wucin gadi don motsawa ko samun gamsuwa ta jima'i ko farin ciki". Page: 71

###### Hukunce-hukunce don laifin lesbianism
A cikin jihohin Gombe, Jigawa, Kebbi, Sokoto, Yobe, Zamfara, da Bauchi, mutumin da aka same shi da laifi na aikata wannan laifi zai fuskanci hukunci ta hanyar caning wanda zai iya kaiwa har zuwa bulala hamsin. Bugu da ƙari, duk wani mutumin da aka yanke masa hukuncin aikata 'yan mata suna fuskantar ɗaurin kurkuku har zuwa watanni shida,  dai a Bauchi, inda ɗaurin kurkukun zai iya kaiwa shekaru biyar.: shafi: 71 

A cikin jihar Kaduna, azabtarwa don aikata laifin lesbianism ne ta'azir, wanda ke nufin "duk wani hukunci da ba a bayar da shi ta hanyar hadd ko qisas ba".: : 53 "Hadd" yana nufin " azabtarwa da dokar Musulunci ta gyara".: shafi na: 54 "Qisas" ya haɗa da " azabtar da aka yi wa masu laifi ta hanyar ramawa don haifar da mutuwa / rauni ga mutum".: shafi 

A cikin jihohin Kano da Katsina, azabtarwa don aikata laifin lesbianism shine dutse har zuwa mutuwa.: shafi: 71 

###### Ma'anar mummunan lalata
A cikin jihar Kaduna, mutum yana yin mummunan lalata idan sun fallasa kansu tsirara a fili ko kuma su yi wasu ayyukan da suka danganci irin wannan yanayin waɗanda ke iya lalata halin jama'a.

A cikin jihohin Kano da Katsina, ma'anar mummunar lalata daidai yake da jihar Kaduna, duk da haka, dokar ta haɗa da sumba a fili.

A cikin jihar Gombe, mutum yana aikata mummunan lalata ta hanyar aikata "duk wani laifi na jima'i da ya saba wa dabi'un al'ada ko na al'ada".

Jihohin Bauchi, Jigawa, Kebbi, Sokoto, Yobe, da Zamfara ba su bayyana mummunan lalata ba. Dokokinsu a maimakon haka sun ce: "Duk wanda ya aikata mummunan lalata ga mutumin wani ba tare da yardarsa ba ko ta hanyar amfani da karfi ko barazana ya tilasta mutum ya shiga tare da  a cikin aikin irin wannan aikin za a hukunta shi".: shafi: 71 

###### Hukunce-hukunce don cin zarafin mummunar lalata
Mutumin da ya aikata laifin mummunar lalata "za a hukunta shi da caning wanda zai iya kaiwa har zuwa bulala arba'in kuma yana iya zama alhakin ɗaurin kurkuku na tsawon lokaci wanda bai wuce shekara ɗaya ba kuma yana iya kasancewa alhakin tarar".  A cikin jihar Bauchi, ɗaurin kurkuku na iya ɗaukar tsawon shekaru bakwai.

A cikin jihar Kaduna, azabtarwa don aikata laifin mummunar lalata shine ta'azir, wanda ke nufin "duk wani hukunci da ba a bayar ba ta hanyar hadd ko qisas".: : 53 "Hadd" yana nufin " azabtarwa da dokar Musulunci ta gyara".: shafi na: 54 "Qisas" ya haɗa da " azabtar da aka yi wa masu laifi ta hanyar ramawa don haifar da mutuwa / rauni ga mutum".: shafi 

A cikin jihar Sokoto, mutumin da ya aikata laifin mummunar lalata "za a hukunta  da caning wanda zai iya kaiwa har zuwa bulala arba'in ko kuma zai iya zama da alhakin ɗaurin kurkuku na tsawon lokaci wanda bai wuce shekara ɗaya ba, ko duka biyun, kuma yana iya zama da la'akari da tarar".: shafi: 71 

###### Ma'anar mai yawo da mai yawo wanda ba za a iya gyara shi ba
A cikin jihohin Bauchi, Gombe, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Sokoto, Yobe, da Zamfara, ana ɗaukar namiji a matsayin mai yawo idan sun yi ado kamar mace a wurin jama'a ko kuma wanda ke yin sodomy a matsayin hanyar aiki ko sana'a.: shafi: 127 

A cikin jihohin Kano da Katsina, sun bayyana mace a matsayin mai yawo a matsayin mace da ke sanye da tufafin namiji ko kuma tana sanye da namiji a wurin jama'a.: shafi: 127 

A cikin jihohin Bauchi, Gombe, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Sokoto, Yobe, da Zamfara, wani "marasa yawo" shine duk wanda ya sake nunawa a matsayin mai yawo bayan an riga an yanke masa hukunci a matsayin ɗaya.: shafi: 127 

###### Hukunce-hukunce don kasancewa mai yawo ko mai yawo wanda ba za a iya gyara shi ba
A cikin jihohin Bauchi, Gombe, Jigawa, Katsina, Kebbi, Sokoto, Yobe, da Zamfara, mutumin da aka yanke masa hukunci a matsayin mai yawo yana fuskantar ɗaurin kurkuku har zuwa shekara guda kuma yana da caning har zuwa bulala talatin. A cikin jihar Kano, ɗaurin kurkuku bazai wuce watanni takwas ba kuma caning na iya kaiwa zuwa bulala talatin da biyar.: shafi: 127 

A cikin jihar Kaduna, hukuncin da aka yanke masa hukunci a matsayin mai yawo ko kuma a matsayin mai ba da izini ba  da gyarawa shine ta'azir,: : 127,  wanda ke nufin "duk wani hukunci da ba a bayar ta hanyar hadd ko qisas ba".: shafi: 53 "Hadd" yana nufin "hukuncin da dokar Musulunci ta gyara".:  "Qisas" ya haɗa da "hukunce-hukuncen da aka yi wa masu laifi ta hanyar ramawa don haifar da mutuwa / rauni ga mutum".: shafi 

A cikin jihohin Gombe, Jigawa, Katsina, Kebbi, Sokoto, Yobe, da Zamfara, mutumin da aka yanke masa hukunci a matsayin mai yawo wanda ba za a iya gyara  ba yana fuskantar ɗaurin kurkuku har zuwa shekaru biyu kuma caning ya kai har zuwa bulala hamsin.: : 128 A cikin jihar Bauchi, caning ba zai iya wuce bulala arba'in ba, kuma a cikin jihar Kano, ɗaurin kurkukun bazai wuce shekara ɗaya ba.: shafi: 129 

##### Dokar aikata laifuka ta duniya da wasu jihohin arewa suka kafa

###### Ayyukan jima'i na jinsi ɗaya
A cikin jihar Bormo, mutumin da "ya shiga cikin ... lesbianism, aikin ɗan luwaɗi ... a cikin Jiha ya aikata laifi". Mutumin da "ya shiga cikin jima'i da wani mutum na jinsi ɗaya za a hukunta shi da mutuwa".: shafuka: 199ā200 

###### Maza suna kwaikwayon halayyar mata
A cikin jihar Kano, mutumin da "ya kasance namiji wanda ke aiki, nuna hali ko yin ado a hanyar da ke kwaikwayon halin halayyar mata zai zama da laifi kuma a kan yanke hukunci, za a yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekara 1 ko tarar N10,000 ko duka biyun".: shafi: 202 

## Sanar da dangantakar jinsi guda
A ranar 18 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2007, majalisar ministocin Najeriya ta amince da Dokar Aure na Jima'i (Hakkatar da) na shekara ta 2006 kuma ta tura shi ga Majalisar Dokoki don daukar mataki na gaggawa. Kudin, duk da haka, bai wuce ba.

A ranar 29 ga Nuwamba 2011, Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya ta zartar da "Bill na Aure na Jima'i (Hakkatarwa), 2011". Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya ta zartar da lissafin a ranar 30 ga Mayu 2013. Idan Shugaba Goodluck Jonathan ya sanya hannu a cikin doka, lissafin zai kasance:

A ranar 7 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2014, shugaban Najeriya, Goodluck Jonathan, ya sanya hannu kan dokar haramtacciyar auren jinsi guda, wanda majalisa ta zartar a watan Mayu shekara ta 2013. Dokar ta bi irin wannan wanda aka zartar a Uganda a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2013, wanda ke sanya ɗaurin rai da rai ga wasu nau'ikan ayyukan ɗan luwaɗi.

## Tsaro na nuna bambanci
Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Tarayyar Najeriya ba ya kare haƙƙin LGBT musamman, amma yana dauke da tanadi daban-daban da ke tabbatar da haƙƙin daidaito ga dukkan 'yan ƙasa (Sashe na 17((((a)) da sauran haƙƙoƙi, gami da isasshen kiwon lafiya da kiwon lafiya (Sashe 17((3)d)) da daidaito damar a wurin aiki (Sashewar 17((A)).

Babu wata doka da aka kafa don karewa daga nuna bambanci ko cin zarafi bisa ga yanayin jima'i ko asalin jinsi.  Babu wani jam'iyyun siyasa a Najeriya da ya amince da haƙƙin LGBT a hukumance. Biyu daga cikin jam'iyyun siyasa da suka fi cin nasara a Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa, Jam'iyyar Demokradiyyar Jama'a da Jam'iyyar All Nigeria Peoples Party, suna adawa da haƙƙin LGBT.  Ƙananan, jam'iyyun siyasa masu sassaucin ra'ayi sun kuma yi magana game da haƙƙin LGBT.

## Yanayin rayuwa
Ana ɗaukar Najeriya ƙasa mai ra'ayin mazan jiya. An nuna ƙiyayya ta jama'a game da dangantakar jinsi ɗaya. Baya ga hukuncin shari'a, 'yan ƙasa masu luwadi a bayyane suna fuskantar tashin hankali da tashin hankali na jama'a.

A ranar 12 ga Satumba 2008, jaridu huɗu sun buga sunayen da adiresoshin mambobi goma sha biyu na House of rainbow Metropolitan Church, cocin LGBT-friendly a Legas. Wasu daga cikin wadannan mambobin sun yi barazana, sun yi musu duka kuma sun jajjefe su da duwatsu. Bayan wadannan abubuwan da suka faru cocin ya soke taron saboda damuwa game da lafiyar masu halarta.: A watan Agustan 2007, 'yan sanda na jihar Bauchi sun kama maza goma sha takwas kuma sun tuhume su da sodomy don yin ado kamar mata, wanda ba bisa ka'ida ba ne a karkashin dokar Shari'a.  Daga baya aka sauke waɗannan zarge-zargen zuwa yawo, kuma an tsare mutanen a kurkuku na shekaru da yawa suna jiran shari'ar da ta ƙare a ƙarshen 2011. 

Wasu kungiyoyi a Najeriya suna ƙoƙarin taimakawa mutanen LGBT, kamar Ikklisiyoyin Metropolitan Community. Haɗin kai tare da waɗannan kungiyoyi na iya sanya mutane cikin haɗarin tashin hankali ko cin zarafi.

Rahoton 'Yancin Dan Adam na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2011 ya gano,:  Saboda yaduwar tabo na al'umma game da luwadi, mutane kalilan ne suka bayyana a bayyane yadda suke. [kungiyoyin da ba na gwamnati ba]... 'Yancin Duniya da The Independent Project sun ba da' yan mata, gay, bisexual, da kuma kungiyoyin transgender (LGBT) tare da shawarwari da horo a cikin bayar da shawarwari, alhakin kafofin watsa labarai, da wayar da kan jama'a game da cutar HIV / AIDS. A ranar 15 ga Afrilu 2017, hukumomi a jihar Kaduna sun kama mutane 53 saboda zargin da ake yi makirci don halartar bikin auren jinsi guda.  An tuhumi wadanda ake tuhuma da makirci, taron da ba bisa ka'ida ba, da kuma kasancewa cikin wata ƙungiya ba bisa ka-ida ba.

Jihar Legas ta kama mutane 42 saboda luwadi a watan Agusta 2017. A watan Yunin 2018, 'yan sanda na Najeriya sun kama fiye da mutane 100 da ke halartar jam'iyya a wani otal a Asaba, Jihar Delta, kan zargin cewa su 'yan luwadi ne da' yan mata. A watan Yulin 2018, suna fuskantar tuhumar da suka shafi luwadi a kotu.

A watan Janairun 2019, Dolapo Badmos, mai magana da yawun rundunar 'yan sanda ta jihar Legas, ya gargadi masu luwadi su tsere daga kasar ko kuma su fuskanci tuhuma. Ta bayyana a cikin wani sakon Instagram: Duk wani mutumin da ke da alaƙa da luwadi ya kamata ya bar Najeriya ko kuma ya fuskanci fuskantar fuskantar gurfanar da shi. Dolapo Badmos ya ci gaba da bayyana cewa akwai dokoki a Najeriya da ke hana kungiyoyin 'yan luwadi, ƙungiyoyi da kungiyoyi inda duk wanda aka samu yana da alaƙa da waɗannan za a iya hukunta shi har zuwa shekaru 15 a kurkuku.

### Jakadan Najeriya ga ra'ayoyin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya
A cikin wata sanarwa mai kwanan wata 19 ga Satumba 2006, jakadan Najeriya a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Joseph Ayalogu, ya bayyana cewa, "Tunanin cewa kisa don laifuka kamar luwadi da lesbianism ... ya wuce gona da iri yana da hukunci maimakon manufa. Abin da wasu za su iya gani a matsayin hukunci mara daidaituwa a cikin irin waɗannan manyan laifuka da halayyar ƙyama wasu na iya ganin su a matsayin hukunci mai dacewa da adalci. "

## Tebur ta taƙaitaccen bayani

## Bayani