Kira Muratova

**Kira Georgievna Muratova** (    ; 'yar Roma ce; Ukraine   ; née **Korotkova**, 5 Nuwamba 1934 - 6 Yuni 2018   ) ɗan Soviet ne - Ukrainian     daraktan fim ɗin da ya ci lambar yabo, marubucin allo kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na zuriyar Romanian/Yahudanci, sananne ga salon shugabanci nata da ba a saba gani ba. Fina-finan Muratova sun yi ta yin katsalandan a cikin Tarayyar Soviet,  duk da haka Muratova ya sami nasarar fitowa a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan mutane a cikin fina-finan Rasha na zamani kuma ya sami damar gina aikin fim mai nasara daga 1960s gaba.  Muratova, tare da Nikita Mikhalkov, Vadim Abdrashitov, Aleksandr Sokurov, Aleksei Jamus, da Aleksei Balabanov ana ganin su ne manyan masu shirya fina-finai na Rasha waɗanda suka fuskanci rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet duk da haka sun sami nasarar ci gaba da aikinsu na fim daga farkon shekarun 1990 zuwa gaba. 

An kwatanta ayyukanta a matsayin mai yiyuwa 'daya daga cikin fitattun fitattun fina-finai na fina-finai na duniya.' 

Muratova ta shafe yawancin ayyukanta na fasaha a Odessa, inda ya kirkiro mafi yawan fina-finanta a Odesa Film Studios . 

## Tarihin Rayuwa

### Rayuwar farko da aiki
An haifi Kira Korotkova a cikin shekara ta 1934 a Soroca, Romania ( Moldova a yau) ga mahaifin Rasha  da mahaifiyar Romania (an asalin Bayahude Bessarabian ).    Iyayenta duka ƴan gurguzu ne kuma membobin Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci . Mahaifinta, Yuri Korotkov, ya shiga cikin gwagwarmayar gwagwarmayar fascist a yakin duniya na biyu, sojojin Romania sun kama su kuma suka harbe bayan tambayoyi. Bayan yakin, Kira ta zauna a Bucharest tare da mahaifiyarta, likitan mata, wanda ya bi aikin gwamnati a cikin Socialist Romania .

A 1959, Kira ta kammala karatun ta daga Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography a Moscow, qware a cikin shiryarwa.  Bayan kammala karatun Korotkova ya sami matsayi na darekta tare da Odessa Film Studio a Odessa, tashar tashar jiragen ruwa a Bahar Black kusa da 'yar asalinta Bessarabia . Ta ba da umarnin fim ɗin ƙwararrunta na farko a cikin 1961 kuma ta yi aiki tare da ɗakin studio har sai da rikici ya sa ta koma Leningrad a 1978. A can ta yi fim daya tare da Lenfilm Studio, amma daga baya ya koma Odessa. Fina-finan Muratova sun kasance ƙarƙashin zargi akai-akai ga jami'an Soviet saboda yaren fim ɗinta na wauta wanda bai bi ka'idodin gurguzanci ba. Masanin fina-finai Isa Willinger ya kwatanta tsarin fim na Muratova da Soviet Avant-garde, musamman ga Eisenstein na abubuwan jan hankali.  Sau da yawa an dakatar da Muratova daga yin aiki a matsayin darekta na tsawon shekaru a kowane lokaci.

Kira ta auri 'yar'uwarta darektan studiyo na Odessa wato Oleksandr Muratov a farkon shekarun 1960 kuma ta hada fina-finai da yawa tare da shi. Ma'auratan suna da 'yar, Marianna, amma nan da nan suka sake aure kuma Muratov ya koma Kiev inda ya fara aiki tare da Dovzhenko Film Studios . Kira Muratova ta kiyaye sunan tsohon mijinta duk da aurenta da mai zane na Leningrad kuma mai tsarawa Evgeny Golubenko.

### Bayan zamanin Soviet
A cikin 1990s, lokaci mai mahimmanci yazo wa  Muratova a lokacin da ta daukar sabon fim bayan kowane shekaru biyu ko uku, sau da yawa tana aiki tare da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da ma'aikatan jirgin.  Aikinta *The Asthenic Syndrome* (1989) an kwatanta shi a matsayin 'babban aikin banza' kuma shine kawai fim ɗin da aka dakatar (saboda tsiraici na maza da mata) a lokacin Tarayyar Soviet perestroika .  Sauran fina-finan nata da aka fitar a wannan lokacin sun hada da misali, *The Sentimental Policeman* (1992), *Passions* (1994), *Three Stories* (1997) da kuma gajeren *wasiƙa (1999) zuwa Amurka.* 

'Yan wasan kwaikwayo biyu Muratova take fito dasu acikin shirye-shirye su ne Renata Litvinova da Natalya Buzko . Muratova ta fina-finan yawanci productions na Ukraine ko co-productions tsakanin Ukraine da kuma Rasha, ko da yaushe a cikin Rasha harshen, ko da yake Muratova iya magana da Ukrainian kuma bai ƙin Ukrainianization na Ukrainian cinema.  Muratova ya goyi bayan masu zanga-zangar Euromaidan da juyin juya halin Ukrainian na 2014 masu zuwa. 

An gabatar da fina-finan Muratova a Bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya a Berlin (1990, 1997),   Cannes,  Moscow,  Rome, Venice da dai sauransu.

Kusa da Aleksandr Sokurov, An dauki Muratova a matsayin darektan fina-finai na harshen Rashanci na zamani.  Ana iya ganin ayyukanta a matsayin postmodern, yin amfani da eclecticism, parody, gyare-gyare na dakatarwa, rugujewar labari da ƙwaƙƙwaran gani da sauti,  da 'ɗaucin ɓacin rai da ke nuna tashin hankali, rashin ƙauna, al'umma mara kyau.  A cikin fim dinta, *Labari Uku*, ta bincika 'mugunta an ɓoye a cikin wani kyakkyawan harsashi marar laifi, kuma gawawwakin sun zama wani ɓangare na kayan ado.'  Ta kasance mai sha'awar Sergei Parajanov kuma ta mayar da hankali kan 'ornamentalism' an kwatanta shi da nasa kuma ya kasance mai adawa da gaskiya, tare da 'maimaitawa yana ba da siffar kowane yiwuwar', tare da fim ɗin ta na ƙarshe, *Maɗaukaki Gida mai* kyau game da cinema kanta ba ta ƙare ba. kamar a ce 'spool of cinema ta ci gaba da zare da ƙwanƙwasa, zare da ƙwanƙwasa'. 

### Nadi da kyaututtuka
Sai kawai a lokacin gasar *Perestroyka* ne Muratova ta sami karbuwa ga jama'a da kuma lambar yabo ta farko. A cikin 1988, bikin fina-finai na mata na duniya Créteil (Faransa) ya nuna na farko game da ayyukanta. Fim *ɗinta Daga cikin Grey Stones* an nuna shi a cikin sashin Un Certain Regard a 1988 Cannes Film Festival . 

A cikin shekara ta 1990, Fim ɗinta na *Asthenic Syndrome* ya lashe kyautar Silver Bear Jury Grand Prix a Berlinale .   A cikin 1994, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Leopard of Honor don rayuwarta oeuvre a Locarno International Film Festival (Switzerland) kuma a cikin 2000, an ba ta kyautar Andrzej Wajda Freedom Award.  A cikin 1997, an shigar da fim *ɗinta Labaru Uku* a cikin Bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na Berlin na 47 . 

Fim ɗinta na shekara ta2002 *Chekhov's Motifs* an shigar dashi cikin bikin fina-finai na duniya na Moscow na 24th na Moscow   An nuna fim *ɗinta The Tuner* a bikin Fim na Venice a 2004. Fina-finan nata sun sami lambar yabo ta "Nika" ta Rasha a 1991, 1995, 2005, 2007, 2009 da 2013. A cikin 2005, an nuna wani bita a Cibiyar Lincoln a Birnin New York.  A cikin 2013, an nuna cikakken kallon fina-finanta a bikin Fim na Duniya na Rotterdam .  

* Order of Prince Yaroslav mai hikima
* Order of Friendly
* Mutane Artist na Ukraine
* 1993 Shevchenko National Prize

An yi watsi da ayyukanta a bisa kuskure a cikin darussan Nazarin Fim ko kuma a cikin tattaunawa kan 'manyan masu shirya fina-finai na kowane lokaci' a cewar mai sukar fina-finai na kwanan nan, Bianca Garner.

## Fina-finai

## Littattafai
A kan wani yunƙuri na majiɓincin fasaha Yuri Komelkov, Atlant UMC ya buga wani kundi a kan aikin Kira Muratova. A cikin wannan kundin, marubucin hotuna, Konstantin Donin, ya tsare kansa a cikin firam ɗin fim ɗin, yana aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto na allo na fim ɗin *Biyu-in-one* . 

A cikin shekara ta 2005, IB Tauris ya buga wani bincike kan rayuwa da aikin Muratova a cikin jerin Sahabbai na KINOfiles Filmmakers. 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin sunayen daraktoci mata
* Fim din mata
* Sinima na Rasha
* Cinema na Ukraine

## Manazarta

## Adabi

* Donin [Донин, К. A.]. Кадр за кадром: Кира Муратова. Хроника одного фильма. К.: ООО «Атлант-ЮЭми», 2007. 119 с.  . 

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*    
* Kira Muratova  
* Kira Muratova fan site (Rasha) - fina-finai, biography, labarai, tambayoyi, articles, photo gallery
* Hira da Muratova
* 2006 Nika  
* Takaitacciyar Biyu cikin Daya 
* Hotunan Muratova
* Kira Muratova da Ƙaunar Ƙaunar Kwaminisanci
* Kira Muratova