Ungulu da yar yarinya

**Ungulu da yar yarinya** The Vulture and the Little Girl, wanda kuma aka fi sani da The Struggling Girl, hoto ne na Kevin Carter wanda ya fara fitowa a cikin New York Times a ranar 26 ga Maris 1993. Hoton wani yaro ne mai fama da yunwa, da farko an yi imani da cewa shi dan jariri ne. Yarinyar wacce ta fado a gaba da wata rufaffiyar ungulu tana kallonsa daga nan kusa. An ba da rahoton cewa yaron yana ƙoƙarin isa cibiyar ciyar da abinci ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya mai nisan mil mil a garin Ayod, Sudan (yanzu Sudan ta Kudu), a cikin Maris ɗin 1993, kuma ya tsira daga lamarin. Hoton ya lashe kyautar Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography award a 1994. Carter ya dauki ransa watanni hudu bayan ya lashe kyautar.

## Tarihi

The Hunger Triangle, sunan kungiyoyin agaji da aka yi amfani da su a cikin 1990s don yankin da al'ummomin kudancin Sudan na Kongor, Ayod, da Waat suka ayyana, ya dogara ga UNESCO da sauran kungiyoyin agaji don yaki da yunwa. Kashi 40 cikin 100 na yaran yankin ‘yan kasa da shekaru biyar suna fama da rashin abinci mai gina jiki tun daga watan Janairun 1993, kuma kimanin manya 10 zuwa 13 ne ke mutuwa a kullum saboda yunwa a Ayod kadai. Domin wayar da kan jama'a game da halin da ake ciki, Operation Lifeline Sudan ta gayyaci 'yan jarida masu daukar hoto da sauran wadanda a baya ba a shigar da su cikin kasar ba, don bayar da rahoto kan sharudda. A cikin Maris 1993, gwamnati ta fara ba da biza ga 'yan jarida na tsawon sa'o'i 24 tare da tsauraran matakan hana zirga-zirgar su a cikin ƙasar, gami da kulawar gwamnati a kowane lokaci.

## Silva da Carter a kasar Sudan
### Gayyata daga Operation Lifeline Sudan

A watan Maris na 1993, Robert Hadley, tsohon mai daukar hoto kuma a wannan lokaci jami'in yada labarai na Operation Lifeline Sudan na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ya gayyaci João Silva da Kevin Carter su zo Sudan su ba da rahoto game da yunwa a kudancin kasar, suna tafiya zuwa kudancin Sudan. tare da 'yan tawaye. Silva ya ga wannan a matsayin damar yin aiki da yawa a matsayin mai daukar hoto na yaki a nan gaba. Ya fara shirye-shirye kuma ya ba da kayan aiki don kashe kuɗin tafiya. Silva ya gaya wa Carter game da tayin kuma Carter kuma yana sha'awar zuwa. A cewar abokin daukar hoto Greg Marinovich, Carter ya ga tafiyar a matsayin wata dama ce ta gyara wasu matsalolin "ya ji an kama shi". Ɗaukar hotuna a Sudan wata dama ce ta samun ingantacciyar sana'a a matsayin mai zaman kansa, kuma Carter a fili ya kasance "a kan babban matsayi, mai ƙwazo da sha'awar tafiya". Don biyan kuɗin tafiya, Carter ya sami wasu kuɗi daga kundin yada labarai na Press da sauransu.

### Jira a Nairobi

Silva da Carter sun tsaya a Nairobi a kan hanyarsu ta zuwa Sudan. Sabon fada a Sudan ya tilasta musu dakata a can na wani lokaci da ba a tantance ba. lamarin kuma ya sake canzawa. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta samu izini daga kungiyar 'yan tawaye ta kai kayan agajin abinci zuwa Ayod. Rob Hadley yana tafiya ne a cikin jirgin sama mara nauyi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kuma ya gayyaci Silva da Carter su tashi tare da shi zuwa Ayod.
### Jira a Ayod
Washegari, jirgi mai haske ya sauka a cikin ƙaramin ƙauyen Ayod tare da jirgin saman kaya ya sauka jim kaɗan bayan haka. An kula da mazauna ƙauyen na ɗan lokaci. Greg Marinovich da João Silva sun bayyana hakan a cikin littafin *[[The Bang-Bang Club (littafi)| The Bang-Bang Club]]*, Babi na 10 "Kwari da Mutanen Yunwa".  Marinovich ya rubuta cewa mazauna kauyen sun riga sun jira kusa da titin jirgin sama don samun abinci da sauri: "Iyaye mata da suka shiga taron suna jiran abinci sun bar 'ya'yansu a kan ƙasa mai yashi a kusa."
 Silva da Carter sun rabu don daukar hotunan yara da manya, masu rai da matattu, duk wadanda ke fama da mummunar yunwa da ta taso a lokacin yakin. Carter ya tafi Silva sau da yawa don gaya masa game da mummunan halin da ya dauka. Ganin yunwa ya shafe shi sosai. Silva yana neman sojojin 'yan tawaye da za su iya kai shi ga wani mai iko kuma lokacin da ya sami wasu sojoji Carter ya shiga tare da shi. Sojojin ba su magana da Turanci ba, amma daya yana da sha'awar agogon Carter. Carter ya ba shi agogon hannu mai arha a matsayin kyauta.

## Bugawa da karbuwar a wurin jama'a
A watan Maris na 1993, * The New York Times]] * yana neman hoto don kwatanta wani labari na Donatella Lorch game da yunwa a Sudan. Nancy Buirski, editan hoto na jaridar a kan teburin kasashen waje, ya kira Marinovich, wanda ya gaya mata game da "hoton tsuntsaye da ke bin yaron da ke fama da yunwa wanda ya fadi a cikin yashi." An buga hoton Carter a cikin 26 ga Maris, 1993.  Hoton ya karanta: "Wata yarinya, mai rauni daga yunwa, ta fadi kwanan nan a kan hanyar zuwa cibiyar ciyarwa a Ayod. Kusa da shi, wani tsuntsaye yana jira."

A wallafawa ta farko  *The New York Times* "ya haifar da juyayi", Marinovich ya rubuta, yana cewa, "Ana amfani da shi a kan tallace-tallace don tara kuɗi ga ƙungiyoyin taimako. Jaridu da mujallu a duniya sun wallafa shi, kuma martanin gaggawa na jama'a shine aika kuɗi ga kowace ƙungiya mai tallafi da ke da aiki a Sudan."
## Manazarta