Elizabeth Taylor

**Dame Elizabeth Rosemond Taylor** DBE (27 Fabrairu 1932 - 23 Maris 2011) ta kasance 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta kasar Burtaniya da kuma Amurka. Ta fara aikinta a matsayin yar wasan kwaikwayo a farkon shekarun 1940 kuma tana daya daga cikin shahararrun taurari na fina-finai na Hollywood na gargajiya a cikin shekarun 1950. Daga nan sai ta zama tauraron fim mafi girma a duniya a cikin shekarun 1960, ta kasance sanannen sanannen jama'a har tsawon rayuwarta. A shekara ta 1999, Cibiyar Fim ta Amurka ta ba ta suna ta bakwai mafi girma a cikin fina-finai na Hollywood.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife ta ne a Landan ga fitattun iyayen Amurkawa, Taylor ta koma tare da iyalinta zuwa Los Angeles a 1939. Ta fara yin wasan kwaikwayo tare da karamin rawa a fim din Universal Pictures There's One Born Every Minute (1942), amma dakin ya Kare kwangilarta bayan shekara guda. Daga nan ne Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer ta sanya hannu kuma ta zama sanannen tauraron matasa bayan ta bayyana a cikin National Velvet (1944). Ta sauya zuwa matsayi na manya a cikin shekarun 1950, lokacin da ta fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo Father of the Bride (1950) kuma ta sami yabo mai mahimmanci saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin wasan kwaikwayon A Place in the Sun (1951). Ta fito a cikin tarihin tarihi mai suna *Ivanhoe* (1952) tare da Robert Taylor da Joan Fontaine . Duk da kasancewa daya daga cikin taurari mafi girma na MGM, Taylor ta so ta kawo karshen aikinta a farkon shekarun 1950. Ta yi fushi da ikon studio kuma ba ta son yawancin fina-finai da aka sanya ta.

Ta fara karbar matsayi mai ban sha'awa a tsakiyar shekarun 1950, wanda ya fara da wasan kwaikwayo mai suna Giant (1956), kuma ta fito a fina-finai da yawa masu cin nasara a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Wadannan sun hada da gyare-gyaren fina-finai guda biyu na wasan kwaikwayo na Tennessee Williams: Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1958), da kuma Suddenly, Last Summer (1959); Taylor ta lashe Golden Globe don Mafi kyawun Actress don karshen. Kodayake ba ta son rawar da ta taka a matsayin yarinya *Mai Girma* a *BUtterfield 8* (1960), fim dinta na karshe ga MGM, ta lashe Kyautar Kwalejin don 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau don aikinta. A lokacin samar da fim din *Cleopatra* a 1961, Taylor da abokin aikinsa Richard Burton sun fara wani al'amari na waje, wanda ya haifar da abin kunya. Duk da rashin amincewar jama'a, sun ci gaba da dangantakarsu kuma sun yi aure a shekarar 1964. An kira su "Liz da Dick" ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai, sun fito a fina-finai 11 tare, ciki har da The *V.I.P.s* (1963), The *Sandpiper* (1965), The Taming of the Shrew (1967), da Who's Afraid of Virginia *Woolf*?  (1966). Taylor ta sami mafi kyawun bita game da aikinta ga Woolf, ta lashe lambar yabo ta biyu ta Kwalejin da sauran kyaututtuka da yawa don aikinta. Ita da Burton sun sake aure a shekara ta 1974 amma sun sulhunta ba da dadewa ba, sun sake yin aure a shekara de 1975. Aure na biyu ya Kare da kisan aure a shekara ta 1976.

Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo na Taylor ya fara raguwa a karshen shekarun 1960, kodayake ta ci gaba da fitowa a fina-finai har zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1970, bayan haka ta mai da hankali kan tallafawa aikin mijinta na shida, Sanata na Amurka John Warner . A cikin shekarun 1980s, ta yi aiki a cikin manyan matsayi na farko da kuma fina-finai da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa. Ta zama sananniya ta biyu da ta kaddamar da alamar turare bayan Sophia Loren . Taylor na daya daga cikin fitattun mutane na farko da suka shiga cikin gwagwarmayar HIV / AIDS. Ta kafa Gidauniyar Amurka don Binciken Cutar AIDS a 1985 da Gidauniya ta Elizabeth Taylor a 1991. Daga farkon shekarun 1990 har zuwa mutuwarta, ta sadaukar da lokacinta ga aikin agaji, wanda ta sami yabo da yawa, gami da lambar yabo ta Shugaban kasa.

A duk lokacin da ta yi aiki, rayuwar Taylor ta kasance batun kulawar kafofin watsa labarai akai-akai. Ta yi aure sau takwas ga maza bakwai, ya tuba zuwa addinin Yahudanci, ta jimre da cututtuka masu tsanani da yawa, kuma ta jagoranci salon rayuwa na jet, gami da tara ɗayan tarin kayan ado masu tsada a duniya. Bayan shekaru da yawa na rashin lafiya, Taylor ya mutu daga ciwon zuciya a cikin 2011, yana da shekaru 79.

## Rayuwa ta farko
haifi Elizabeth Rosemond Taylor a ranar 27 ga Fabrairu 1932, a Heathwood, gidan iyalinta a 8 Wildwood Road a Hampstead Garden Suburb, arewa maso yammacin London, Ingila. : 3-10 Ta sami 'yan kasa biyu na Burtaniya da Amurka a lokacin haihuwa yayin da iyayenta, dillalin fasaha Francis Lenn Taylor da kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Sara Sothern, 'yan kasar Amurka ne, dukansu sun fito ne daga Arkansas City, Kansas. : 3-10 

Sun koma London a 1929 kuma sun bude wani zane-zane a kan Bond Street; an haifi ɗansu na farko, da mai suna Howard, a wannan shekarar. Iyalin sun zauna a Landan a lokacin yarinta.  : 11-19 Hadin gwiwarsu sun hada da masu zane-zane kamar Augustus John da Laura Knight da 'yan siyasa kamar Colonel Victor Cazalet . : 11-19 Cazalet ita ce mahaifin Taylor wanda ba a san shi ba kuma muhimmiyar tasiri ce a rayuwarta ta farko.: 11-19 Ta shiga Makarantar Byron House, makarantar Montessori a Highgate, kuma an haife ta ne bisa ga koyarwar Kimiyya ta Kirista, addinin mahaifiyarta da Cazalet. : 3, 11–19, 20–23 

farkon 1939, Taylors sun yanke shawarar komawa Amurka saboda tsoron yakin da ke gabatowa a Turai. : 22-26 Jakadan Amurka Joseph P. Kennedy ya tuntubi mahaifinta, yana rokon shi ya koma Amurka tare da iyalinsa. Sara da yaran sun fara barin a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1939 a cikin jirgin ruwa na SS *Manhattan* kuma suka koma tare da kakan mahaifiyar Taylor a Pasadena, California. : 22-28  Francis ya kasance a baya don rufe tashar London kuma ya shiga su a watan Disamba. : 22-28 A farkon 1940, ya bude sabon gallery a Los Angeles. Bayan dan gajeren lokaci a Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles, tare da iyalin Chapman, iyalin Taylor sun zauna a Beverly Hills, California, inda aka shiga makarantar Hawthorne. 

## Manazarta