Mona Chalmers Watson

**Alexandra Mary Chalmers Watson** CBE, (née **Geddes**; 31 ga Mayu 1872 - 7 ga Agusta 1936), wanda aka fi sani da Mona Chalmersatson, likita ce ta Birtaniya kuma shugabar rundunar mata. Matar farko da ta sami MD daga Jami'ar Edinburgh, ta taimaka wajen gano Asibitin Elsie Inglis na Mata, ita ce shugabar farko ta kungiyar 'yan mata ta Edinburgh, likitan ma'aikata kuma daga baya babban likita a asibitin Edinburgh da Dispensary for Women and Children, kuma ta hada da *Encyclopaedia Medica* tare da mijinta, Douglas Chalmers Watson . A lokacin mutuwarta a 1936, ta kasance shugabar kungiyar mata ta likita, bayan an zabe ta a watan Mayu 1935.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Alexandra Mary Campbell Geddes a Indiya a ranar 31 ga Mayu, 1872, 'yar Auckland Campbell Geddes (1831–1908), injiniyar farar hula, da Christina Helen MacLeod Geddes (née Anderson; 1850–1914).  Chalmers Watson ita ce babba a cikin yara biyar a cikin dangin Geddes; daga cikin 'yan uwanta akwai Eric Geddes da Auckland Geddes, Baron Geddes na 1. Daga 1888 zuwa 1890 ta yi karatu a Makarantar St Leonard da ke St Andrews, Scotland. Lokacin da ta mayar da hankali kan karatun likitanci, shine na baya-bayan nan a cikin sha'awar iyali a cikin wannan sana'a: mahaifiyarta ta goyi bayan Christian Guthrie Wright da Louisa Stevenson a cikin gidauniyar Makarantar Girki da Tattalin Arzikin Gida ta Edinburgh (daga baya Jami'ar Sarauniya Margaret), kuma ta kasance mai fafutukar neman ilimi ga mata a farkon lokaci.  Ta hanyar mahaifiyarta Chalmers Watson ta kuma yi ikirarin cewa tana da alaƙa da Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, mace ta farko da ta cancanci zama likita a Ingila, kuma goggon mahaifiyarta, Mary Marshall (née Anderson) ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata na asali da aka amince da su don yin karatun likitanci tare da Sophia Jex-Blake a Jami'ar Edinburgh a 1871, daga baya ta cancanci shiga Paris. 

A wannan lokacin mata masu karatun likitanci sun fuskanci kasadar ware kansu daga jama'a, 'kallon raini' da 'maganganun izgili'. 

Chalmers Watson ta fara karatun likitanci a shekarar 1891 a Kwalejin Magunguna ta Mata ta Edinburgh, wadda Elsie Inglis, wacce daga baya ta shahara a fannin zaɓe,  da mahaifinta John Inglis suka kafa. Ta kammala karatun digiri na MB CM daga Jami'ar Edinburgh a shekarar 1896.  

## Sana'a
Bayan kammala karatunta, Chalmers Watson ta yi shekara guda a Landan tana aiki a matsayin likita a Ƙungiyar Kula da Marayu da ke Plaistow ;  ta kuma yi watanni shida tana aiki a Gidajen Dr Barnardo da ke Kent. 

Kwarewar Chalmers Watson a aiki a Plaistow, inda tarihinta ya ƙunshi fiye da mutane 1000 da aka ɗaure a gidan yari, kuma adadin mace-macen ya kai sama da mutum 1 cikin 1000.  ya sanar da batun takardar digirin MD ɗinta lokacin da ta koma Edinburgh a shekara mai zuwa.  Chalmers Watson ta sami digirin MD a ranar 30 ga Yuli 1898  daga Kwalejin Likitanci ta Jami'ar Edinburgh, mace ta farko da ta yi hakan;   ɗaliba 'yar Jami'ar Edinburgh Jessie MacLaren MacGregor ba ta sami digirin MD ba sai a 1899. 

A ranar da ta karɓi likitanta, Mona Geddes ta zama Dakta Mona Chalmers Watson, ta auri Dakta Douglas Chalmers Watson a wannan rana; ta jinkirta auren har sai ta sami damar rubuta MD bayan sunanta. Tare suka haifi 'ya'ya maza biyu, Rupert da Irvine. Bayan aurensu, Chalmers Watsons biyu sun kafa wani asibiti na sirri tare a Edinburgh a lamba 11 Walker St, wanda suka yi rayuwa har zuwa 1914.  

Chalmers Watsons sun gyara Encyclopaedia Medica, wani littafi mai juzu'i 15, bugu na farko ya fito a shekarar 1900. Baya ga taimakawa wajen gyara encyclopaedia, ta ba da gudummawa kan ciyar da marasa lafiya. [1] Ta buga wasu littattafai biyu tare da mijinta, Food and Feeding in Health and Disease (1910) da The Book of Diet (1913). [2] Yayin da ma'auratan ke gudanar da aikinsu, Chalmers Watson ta kuma yi aiki a Asibitin Edinburgh da kuma Dispensary for Women and Children . wanda daga baya ya zama Asibitin Bruntsfield; an nada ta a ma'aikatan lafiya a shekarar 1900, daga baya ta zama babbar likita. [1]

Mona Chalmers Watson ta kasance mai goyon bayan masu jefa ƙuri'a,   kuma ta yi wa fursunonin da suka yi watsi da buƙatar zaɓe magani bayan an sake su daga yajin cin abinci da kuma tilasta musu cin abinci a Perth Gaol.

### Rundunar Mataimakan Sojojin Mata

Tun daga farkon Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, mata a Scotland galibi suna aiki a masana'antar jinya ko makamai, wani lokacin suna gudanar da asibitoci da wuraren shan miya ko kuma tuƙa motocin asibiti tare da ƙungiyar agajin gaggawa ta Nursing Yeomanry, wadda aka kafa a 1907.  A shekarar 1916, Chalmers Watson ta yi kira da a ƙirƙiri ƙungiyar mata masu aikin sa kai waɗanda za su iya ɗaukar ƙarin ayyukan taimako, waɗanda ba na yaƙi ba. A wannan lokacin, ɗan'uwan Chalmers Watson, Birgediya-Janar Sir Auckland Geddes, shi ne Daraktan Daukar Ma'aikata a Ofishin Yaƙi, kuma ya shirya Chalmers Watson ta haɗu da Sir Nevil Macready, babban jami'in gudanarwa, a ranar 26 ga Janairu 1917  don gabatar da shawararta ta kafa rundunar.  A ranar 7 ga Yuli 1917, an kafa Rundunar Taimakon Sojojin Mata (WAAC) a hukumance; Macready ta nemi Chalmers Watson ta zama Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa na farko kuma babban jami'i watanni da suka gabata, a watan Fabrairun 1917.   An naɗa ta a matsayi daidai da Birgediya Janar kuma tana biyan albashin shekara-shekara na £500.  Hedkwatar ƙungiyar ita ce Devonshire House, Piccadilly, London. Ta fitar da ƙasida mai ɗauke da ma'aikata tana kira ga 'kowace mace mai lafiya da kuzari wadda ba ta aiki a kan wani aiki mai muhimmanci na ƙasa' don yin aikin sa kai.  Ta zaɓi mataimakiyarta Helen Gwynne-Vaughan, Chalmers Watson ta ɗauko gawawwakin mata 40,850, waɗanda kimanin 17,000 suka yi hidima a ƙasashen waje (kodayake ba su wuce 8,777 a lokaci guda ba). 

## Manazarta