2012 Rashin fyade da kisan kai na ƙungiyar Delhi

Kisan gillar da aka yi wa 'yan daba a Delhi a shekarar 2012, wanda aka fi sani da **Shari'ar ''Nirbhaya***, ya shafi fyade da kuma mummunan hari da ya faru a ranar 16 ga Disamba 2012 a Munirka, unguwa a Delhi. Lamarin ya faru ne lokacin da aka yi wa Jyoti Singh, mai shekaru 22 mai kula da maganin jiki, fyade, kuma aka [[Gallazawa|azabtarwa]] da ita a cikin bas mai zaman kansa wanda take tafiya tare da abokinta, Avnindra Pratap Pandey. Akwai wasu shida a cikin bas din, ciki har da direban, dukansu sun yi wa matar fyade kuma sun doke abokinta. An garzaya da ita Asibitin Safdarjung a Delhi don magani kuma, yayin da fushin jama'a ya karu, gwamnati ta tura ta Asibitin Mount Elizabeth, [[Singafora|Singapore]] kwana goma sha ɗaya bayan harin, inda ta mutu daga raunin da ta samu bayan kwana biyu. Lamarin ya haifar da yaduwar kasa da kasa kuma an hukunta shi sosai, a Indiya da kasashen waje. Daga baya, zanga-zangar jama'a game da gwamnatocin jihohi da na tsakiya saboda rashin samar da isasshen tsaro ga mata ya faru a [[New Delhi]], inda dubban masu zanga-zambe suka yi karo da jami'an tsaro. Irin wannan zanga-zangar ta faru a manyan birane a duk faɗin ƙasar. Tun da dokar Indiya ba ta ba da izinin manema labarai su buga sunan wanda aka yi wa fyade ba, an san wanda aka yi masa fyade da Nirbhaya, ma'ana "marar tsoro", kuma gwagwarmayarta da mutuwarta sun zama alama ce ta juriyar mata ga fyade a duniya.

An kama duk wadanda ake tuhuma kuma an tuhume su da cin zarafin jima'i da kisan kai. Ɗaya daga cikin wadanda ake tuhuma, Ram Singh, ya mutu a hannun 'yan sanda daga yiwuwar kashe kansa a ranar 11 ga Maris 2013.  A cewar wasu rahotanni da aka buga da 'yan sanda, Ram Singh ya rataye kansa, amma lauyoyin karewa da iyalinsa sun yi zargin cewa an kashe shi. Sauran wadanda ake tuhuma sun tafi shari'a a kotun da ke da sauri; masu gabatar da kara sun gama gabatar da shaidarsa a ranar 8 ga Yulin 2013. A ranar 10 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 2013, an sami manyan wadanda ake tuhuma guda hudu - Pawan Gupta, Vinay Sharma, Akshay Thakur da Mukesh Singh (ɗan'uwan Ram Singh) - da laifin fyade da kisan kai kuma bayan kwana uku [[Hukuncin kisa a Indiya|An yanke masa hukuncin kisa]]. A cikin shari'ar ambaton mutuwa da sauraron karar da aka yi a ranar 13 ga Maris 2014, Babban Kotun Delhi ta amince da hukuncin kisa da hukuncin kisa. A ranar 18 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019, [[Kotun koli na Indiya|Kotun Koli ta Indiya]] ta ki amincewa da roko na karshe na wadanda suka aikata harin.  An kashe manyan fursunoni huɗu ta hanyar ratayewa a ranar 20 ga Maris 2020.   An yanke wa matashi Mohammed Afroz hukuncin fyade da kisan kai kuma an ba shi matsakaicin hukuncin shekaru uku a kurkuku a cikin wani wurin sake fasalin, kamar yadda Dokar Shari'ar Yara ta Biyu.

A sakamakon zanga-zangar, a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2012, an kafa kwamitin shari'a don nazarin da kuma karɓar shawarwarin jama'a don hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa don gyara dokoki don samar da bincike da sauri da kuma gurfanar da masu aikata laifukan jima'i. Bayan la'akari da shawarwari kusan 80,000, kwamitin ya gabatar da rahoto wanda ya nuna cewa gazawar gwamnati da 'yan sanda sune tushen laifukan da aka yi wa mata. A cikin 2013, Shugaba Pranab Mukherjee ya gabatar da Dokar Laifuka (Gwamma), 2013, an zartar da sabbin dokoki da yawa, kuma an kirkiro sabbin kotuna shida masu sauri don sauraron shari'o'in fyade. Masu sukar suna jayayya cewa tsarin shari'a ya kasance mai jinkiri don jin da gurfanar da shari'ar fyade, amma mafi yawansu sun yarda cewa shari'ar ta haifar da karuwa mai yawa a tattaunawar jama'a game da laifuka a kan mata kuma kididdigar ta nuna cewa an sami karuwa a cikin yawan mata da ke son gabatar da rahoton aikata laifuka. Koyaya, a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014, shekaru biyu bayan harin, mahaifin wanda aka azabtar ya kira alkawuran sake fasalin da ba a cika ba kuma ya ce ya yi nadama saboda bai iya kawo adalci ga 'yarsa da sauran mata kamar ta ba.

== Abin da ya faru ==
Wadanda abin ya shafa, wata mace mai shekaru 22, Jyoti Singh, da abokinta namiji suna dawowa gida a daren 16 ga Disamba 2012 bayan kallon fim din Life of Pi a PVR Select City Walk, Saket . Sun ɗauki mota rickshaw zuwa tashar bas din Munirka,  sannan suka shiga bas din a Munirka zuwa Dwarka da misalin karfe 9:30 na yamma (IST). Akwai wasu shida kawai a cikin bas din, gami da direban. Ɗaya daga cikin mutanen, wanda aka gano a matsayin ƙarami, ya kira fasinjoji yana gaya musu cewa bas ɗin yana zuwa inda suke. Sun dauki ₹ 10 kowannensu a matsayin farashi daga wadanda abin ya shafa. Abokin namiji na wanda aka azabtar ya zama mai tuhuma lokacin da bas din ya kauce daga hanyar da ya saba da ita kuma an rufe kofofinta. Lokacin da ya ki amincewa, ƙungiyar maza shida da suka riga sun kasance a cikin jirgin, gami da direban, sun yi wa ma'auratan ba'a, suna tambayar abin da suke yi su kaɗai a irin wannan sa'a.&nbsp;

A lokacin gardamar, rikici ya faru tsakanin abokiyarta da ƙungiyar maza. An doke shi, an gurge shi kuma an buge shi ba tare da sanin komai ba tare da sandar ƙarfe. Sai mutanen suka ja Jyoti zuwa bayan bas din, suka doke ta da sandar kuma suka yi mata fyade yayin da direban bas din ya ci gaba da tuki. Wani rahoto na likita daga baya ya ce ta sami mummunan rauni a cikin ciki, hanji da al'aura saboda harin, kuma likitoci sun ce lalacewar ta nuna cewa ana iya amfani da wani abu mai laushi (wanda ake zaton shi ne sandar ƙarfe) don shiga. Daga baya 'yan sanda suka bayyana wannan sandar a matsayin tsatsa, kayan aiki mai siffar L na nau'in da aka yi amfani da shi azaman maɓallin motar.

A cewar rahotanni na 'yan sanda, Jyoti ta yi ƙoƙari ta yi yaƙi da maharanta, ta ciji uku daga cikin maharan kuma ta bar alamun ci a kan mutanen da ake tuhuma. Bayan duka da fyade sun ƙare, maharan sun jefa wadanda abin ya shafa daga bas din da ke motsawa. Ɗaya daga cikin masu aikata laifin daga baya ya tsabtace abin hawa don cire shaidu. 'Yan sanda sun kama shi washegari.

Wani mai wucewa ya gano wadanda suka yi ado a kan hanya da misalin karfe 11 na yamma. Mai wucewa ya kira 'Yan sanda na Delhi wadanda suka kai ma'auratan Asibitin Safdarjung, inda aka ba Jyoti magani na gaggawa kuma aka sanya shi a kan iska ta inji. An same ta da alamun rauni, gami da alamun ciwo da yawa, a duk jikinta. A cewar rahotanni, daya daga cikin wadanda ake tuhuma ya yarda da ganin wani abu mai kama da igiya, wanda aka ɗauka cewa hanji ne, sauran maharan da ke cikin bas din sun fitar da shi daga matar. An dawo da sanduna biyu na ƙarfe mai jini daga bas ɗin kuma ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya sun tabbatar da cewa "wannan ya shiga ne wanda ya haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga al'aurar ta, mahaifa da hanji".  &nbsp;

== Wadanda aka azabtar ==
An haifi Jyoti Singh a [[Delhi]] a ranar 10 ga Mayu 1990, babba cikin yara uku kuma ita kaɗai ce 'yar iyali mai matsakaicin matsayi. Iyayenta sun fito ne daga wani karamin ƙauye a Gundumar Ballia ta [[Uttar Pradesh]] .  Yayinda mahaifiyar Jyoti take mai kula da gida,  mahaifinta ya yi aiki sau biyu (ayyukan biyu) don tallafa wa iyalinsa da aika yaransa zuwa makarantu masu kyau. A cikin wata hira, ya ba da labarin cewa tun yana saurayi, ya yi mafarki na zama malamin makaranta, amma iyalinsa ba za su iya tallafawa karatunsa ba bayan makarantar sakandare. Bayan ya koma Delhi, ya yi aiki a masana'antar dafa abinci,  a matsayin mai tsaro kuma a ƙarshe mai ɗaukar kaya.  Ya ce, "Lokacin da na bar [ƙauyensa] shekaru 30 da suka gabata, na yi rantsuwa da cewa ba zan taɓa musanta yaran ni ba don haka aika su zuwa makaranta ta cika burina na ilimi. "  Ya ce, ba zan taɓa shiga zukatanmu don nuna bambanci ba. Ta yaya zan iya yin farin ciki idan ɗana yana farin ciki kuma 'yata ba? Kuma ba zai yiwu a ƙin ƙaramar yarinya da ke son zuwa makaranta ba. " 

Jyoti Singh ta kammala karatu a fannin physiotherapy daga Cibiyar Sai ta Kimiyya da Allied a [[Dehradun]], kuma ta nemi matsayin mai shiga Asibitin St Stephen a Delhi. Ta zauna a Delhi kuma wani lokacin kawai ta ziyarci ƙauyen kakanninta.

Dangane da dokar Indiya, da farko ba a saki ainihin sunan wanda aka azabtar ga kafofin watsa labarai ba, don haka gidajen watsa labarai daban-daban sun yi amfani da sunayen sirri a gare ta, gami da *Jagruti* (sanin), *Amanat* (dukiya), *Nirbhaya* (marar tsoro), *Damini'' (haske, bayan Fim din Hindi na 1993) da Delhi braveheart  

Mutumin da aka azabtar, Awindra Pratap Pandey, injiniyan software ne daga Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, wanda ke zaune a Ber Sarai, New Delhi; ya sha wahala a kan ƙafafun da suka karye amma ya tsira.

'Yan sanda na Delhi sun yi rajistar shari'ar aikata laifuka a kan editan wani tabloid na Delhi, Mail Today, don bayyana asalin mace da aka azabtar, saboda irin wannan bayyanar laifi ne a karkashin sashi na 228 (A) na Dokar Shari'a ta Indiya. Shashi Tharoor, ministan kungiyar a lokacin, ta ba da shawarar cewa idan iyayenta ba su da wata matsala, za a iya bayyana sunanta a fili, a matsayin alamar girmamawa ga martani mai ƙarfin zuciya, tare da yiwuwar kiran dokokin nan gaba bayan ta. Da yake magana da wani dan jaridar Burtaniya a ranar 5 ga watan Janairu, an nakalto mahaifin wanda aka azabtar yana cewa, "Muna son duniya ta san sunanta na ainihi. 'Yata ba ta yi wani abu ba, ta mutu yayin da take kare kanta. Ina alfahari da ita. Bayyana sunanta zai ba da ƙarfin zuciya ga wasu matan da suka tsira daga waɗannan hare-haren. " Dokar Indiya ta hana sunan wanda aka yi wa fyade sai dai idan dangin suka yarda da shi kuma, bayan labarin labarai wanda aka buga labarin mahaifin da sunan wanda aka ruwaito, Indiya, Indiya, sunanta, Amurka, wasu kafofin watsa labarai sun bayyana. Koyaya, washegari Zee News ta nakalto mahaifin yana cewa, "Na ce kawai ba za mu sami wata ƙiyayya ba idan gwamnati ta yi amfani da sunan 'yata don sabuwar doka don aikata laifuka a kan mata wanda ya fi tsananin tsari fiye da na yanzu. "  A lokacin zanga-zangar da aka yi game da sakin yarinyar a ranar 16 ga Disamba 2015, mahaifiyar wanda aka azabtar ta bayyana cewa sunan 'yarta Jyoti Singh ne kuma ba ta jin kunyar bayyana sunanta ba. 

## Magani da mutuwa
A ranar 19 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2012, an yi wa Singh tiyata ta biyar, wanda ya cire mafi yawan ragowar hanji. Likitoci sun ba da rahoton cewa tana cikin "tsayayyen amma mai tsanani". A ranar 21 ga watan Disamba, gwamnati ta nada kwamitin likitoci don tabbatar da cewa ta sami mafi kyawun kulawa. A ranar 25 ga watan Disamba, ta kasance a cikin Intubated, a kan tallafin rayuwa kuma a cikin mawuyacin hali. Likitoci sun bayyana cewa tana da zazzabi na 102 zuwa 103 ° F (39 ° C) kuma cewa zubar da jini na ciki saboda sepsis an sarrafa shi. An ruwaito cewa ta kasance "mai ɗorewa, mai hankali kuma mai ma'ana". &nbsp;&nbsp;

A wani taron majalisar ministoci wanda Firayim Minista Manmohan Singh ya jagoranta a ranar 26 ga watan Disamba, an yanke shawarar tashi zuwa Asibitin Mount Elizabeth a Singapore don ƙarin magani. Dutsen Elizabeth asibiti ne na musamman mai yawan kwayoyin halitta. Wasu likitoci sun soki shawarar a matsayin siyasa, suna tambaya game da buƙatar canja wurin sashin kulawa mai tsanani (ICU) mai haƙuri don maye gurbin gabobin da ba a tsara su ba har tsawon makonni ko ma watanni. Tushen gwamnati sun nuna cewa Babban Ministan Delhi na lokacin, Sheila Dikshit, ita ce kanta ke bayan shawarar. Sa'o'i da suka gabata, Ministan Tarayyar P. Chidambaram ya bayyana cewa Jyoti ba ta cikin yanayin da za a motsa ta ba.

A lokacin jirgin sama na asibiti na sa'o'i shida zuwa Singapore a ranar 27 ga watan Disamba, Jyoti ba zato ba tsammani ya shiga cikin "kusan rushewa", wanda wani rahoto daga baya ya bayyana a matsayin dakatar da zuciya. Likitocin da ke cikin jirgin sun saka layin jijiya don tabbatar da ita, amma ta kasance ba tare da bugun jini ba kusan minti uku kuma ba ta sake farfadowa a Singapore ba.

A ranar 28 ga watan Disamba, da karfe 11 na safe (IST), yanayin Jyoti ya kasance mai matukar damuwa. Babban jami'in zartarwa na asibitin Mount Elizabeth ya ce wanda aka azabtar ya sha wahala daga lalacewar kwakwalwa, Ciwon huhu, da kamuwa da UTC ta ciki, kuma tana "yi gwagwarmaya don rayuwarta".  Yanayinta ya ci gaba da tabarbarewa, kuma ta mutu a karfe 4:45 na safe a ranar 29 ga Disamba, Singapore Standard Time (2:15 na safe, 29 ga Disemba, IST; 8:45 na yamma, 28 ga Disamba. An ƙone jikinta a ranar 30 ga watan Disamba a Delhi a karkashin babban tsaro na 'yan sanda. Jam'iyyar Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), a lokacin babbar jam'iyyar adawa ta kasar, ta soki matakan tsaro, suna mai cewa suna tunatar da zamanin gaggawa, a lokacin da aka dakatar da 'yancin farar hula. Ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwan Jyoti daga baya ya ce shawarar da aka yanke na tashi zuwa Singapore ya makara, kuma suna da babban bege don murmurewarta kafin mutuwarta.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

## Kaddamarwa

An kama mutane shida dangane da lamarin. Sun hada da Ram Singh mai shekaru 30, direban bas, da ɗan'uwansa mai shekaru 26, Mukesh Singh, waɗanda aka kama su a Rajasthan. Ram da Mukesh Singh sun zauna a sansanin Ravidas, wani kauye a Kudancin Delhi .  An kama Vinay Sharma mai shekaru 20, mataimakin malami na motsa jiki, da Pawan Gupta mai shekaru 19, mai sayar da 'ya'yan itace, a UP da Bihar. An kama wani matashi mai shekaru 17 mai suna Mohammed Afroz, daga Badayun, Uttar Pradesh,   a tashar Anand Vihar a Delhi. Yaron ya sadu da sauran ne kawai a wannan rana. Akshay Thakur mai shekaru 28, wanda ya zo Delhi neman aiki, shi ne wanda ake zargi na karshe da aka kama a Aurangabad, Bihar; ya yi aure tare da ɗa ɗaya a lokacin da aka kama shi.

A cewar rahotanni, kungiyar ta kasance tana cin abinci da shan giya tare kuma "ta yi biki" a farkon ranar. Kodayake ba a ba da izinin bas din da Ram Singh ya tuka a ranakun mako don karɓar fasinjojin jama'a ba  ko ma yin aiki a Delhi saboda windows dinsa,  sun yanke shawarar fitar da shi "don yin nishaɗi". Bayan 'yan sa'o'i kafin su yi wa kungiyar fyade, maharan sun sace masassaƙi. Masassaƙin ɗan shekara 35 ne Ramadhir Singh (wanda ba shi da alaƙa da Ram, Mukesh da Jyoti), wanda ya shiga bas ɗin da Mukesh Singh ke tukawa. Matashin da aka yanke masa hukuncin ya ja shi cikin bas yana cewa yana zuwa Nehru Place. Daga nan aka buge shi kuma aka sace wayar salula da ₹ 1500 a tsabar kudi. Bayan sace shi, kungiyar ta jefa shi a IIT Flyover. Ya ba da rahoton fashi ga 'yan sanda uku: Kailash, Ashok da Sandeep, waɗanda ke wucewa kusa. Sun ki daukar wani mataki a mayar da martani, suna cewa wurin aikata laifuka bai kasance a ƙarƙashin ikon su ba kamar yadda suka fito daga ofishin 'yan sanda na Hauz Khas, kuma dole ne ya ba da rahoton lamarin ga tashar da ke Vasant Vihar.  

## Manazarta