Dokar gurbataccen mai ta 1973

Dokar Gurbacewar Mai na shekarar 1973 ko **Dokar Gurɓacewar Mai na 1973**, 33 USC Babi na 20 §§ 1001-1011, wata dokar tarayya ce ta Amurka wacce ta gyara dokar Amurka ta 75 . . Dokar Majalisar ta dore da ƙudirin Amurka na sarrafa fitar da gurbataccen mai daga jiragen ruwa da kuma amincewa da takunkumin da aka yi wa yankunan bakin teku a cikin ruwa masu kan iyaka .

Majalisar dokokinƙasar  Amurka ta 93 ta zartar da dokar ta HR 5451 kuma shugaban Amurka na 37 Richard Nixon ya kuma zartar a ranar 4 ga Oktoban shekarata 1973.

## Tarihin OILPOL
Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa don hana gurɓacewar teku ta Oil (OILPOL) taron ƙasa da ƙasa ne da Burtaniya ta shirya a shekarata 1954. An yi taron a London, Ingila daga 26 ga Afrilun, shekarar 1954 zuwa 12 ga Mayu, shekarata 1954. An kuma kira taron na ƙasa da ƙasa ne domin sanin yadda ake zubar da dattin datti wanda zai iya haifar da gurbacewar yanayi a cikin tekun . 

Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa don rigakafin gurɓacewar teku ta hanyar mai, a shekarata 1954 an rubuta ainihin rubutun cikin Ingilishi da Faransanci . An gyara ƙa'idar muhalli a shekarun 1962, 1969, da 1971.  

gyare-gyaren OILPOL na shekarata 1971 sun ƙaddamar da hukunce-hukuncen teku waɗanda ba za a iya soke su ba don Babban Barrier Reef da ke cikin Tekun Coral . gyare-gyaren yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa sun gabatar da tanadin kula da ƙira don jiragen ruwa masu tafiya cikin teku waɗanda ke ƙayyadaddun tsarin samar da tankunan ruwa da iyakokin girman tankunan jiragen ruwa .

## Abubuwan da Dokar
Canje - canjen na shekarata 1973 ya jaddada yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa don rigakafin gurɓacewar ruwa ta hanyar mai, 1954 ta hanyar bin gyare-gyaren yarjejeniyar ta shekarun 1969 da 1971.

### Ma'anoni

: *Cakuda* mai yana nufin cakuda da kowane abun cikin mai .
: *Zubar* da ruwa dangane da saurin fitar da abin da ke cikin mai yana nufin adadin fitar mai a lita a cikin sa'a a kowane lokaci da saurin jirgin ya raba cikin kulli a lokaci guda.
:: An haramta zubar da mai ko cakuda mai daga jirgi sai dai idan
::: I.) jirgi yana tafiya akan hanya
::: II.) yawan fitar da man fetur nan take baya wuce  ta 
:: Fitar mai ko cakuda mai daga jirgi, ban da tankunan ruwa ba an hana shi sai dai
::: I.) Abubuwan da ke cikin man da ake fitarwa bai wuce kashi ɗari ba a cikin kashi miliyan ɗaya na cakuda
::: II.) Ana yin abun da ke cikin man da ake fitarwa gwargwadon iya aiki daga ƙasa mafi kusa
:: An haramta zubar da mai ko cakuda mai daga tankunan ruwa sai dai in
::: I.) Za a gudanar da fitar da kaya daga mashinan sararin samaniya ta hanyar tanadin da ke sama na jiragen ruwa ban da na tankunan ruwa.
::: II. Jimlar yawan fitar da mai a kan balaguron balaguro bai wuce 1/15000 na yawan jigilar kaya ba.
::: III. Tankin mai ya fi  daga ƙasa mafi kusa
: *Ƙasa mafi kusa tana* nufin fiye da  daga bakin teku
: *Sakatare* na nufin Sakataren sashen da ke tafiyar da ayyukan Hukumar Tsaron Tekun Amurka

### Matsayin Gina Jirgin Ruwa

: Tankunan da aka gina a Amurka za a yi su ne bisa tanadin tanadin C na Yarjejeniyar Kariya da Gurɓacewar Ruwa ta Teku, kamar yadda aka yi wa kwaskwarima a 1971, dangane da tsarin tanki da iyakance girman tanki. 

: Matsayin ginin yana da ingantaccen kwanan wata ga duk tankunan da aka gina a Amurka kamar na;
:: I.) Isar da tankar ta kasance bayan 1 ga Janairu, shekarata 1977
:: II. ) Isar da tankin bai wuce 1 ga Janairu, 1977 ba, kuma an sanya kwangilar ginin bayan 1 ga Janairu shekarata, 1972.
:: III. ) A lokuta da ba a riga an ba da kwangilar gini ba, ana shimfida keel ko kuma tankar ta kasance a irin wannan matakin na ginin, bayan 30 ga Yuni, shekarata 1972.

: Ana buƙatar jiragen ruwa na Amurka su kasance a cikin jirgin da takardar shaidar yarda da aikin ginin jirgin ruwa daidai da kari C zuwa yarjejeniyar kamar yadda tsarin tanki ya kayyade da iyakance girman tanki.

### Haramcin Yanki

: *Yankin Ostiraliya* - bakin tekun arewa maso gabashin Ostiraliya ko Queensland wanda aka zana ta hanyar layin da aka zana daga wani wuri a bakin tekun Ostiraliya a cikin latitude 11 kudu, tsayi 142 digiri 08 mintuna gabas ( ) zuwa matsayi a cikin latitude 10 digiri 35 mintuna kudu, tsayi 141 digiri 55 minti gabas ( ).
:: *Babban Barrier Reef* - yankin kariya na Coral reef na tsarin mafi girman murjani na duniya .
:: daga nan zuwa wani ma'ana latitude 10 digiri 00 minutes kudu, longitude 142 digiri 00 minutes gabas ( )
:: daga nan zuwa wani batu latitude 9 digiri 10 minutes kudu, longitude 143 digiri 52 minutes gabas ( )
:: daga nan zuwa wani ma'ana latitude 9 digiri 00 minutes kudu, longitude 144 digiri 30 minutes gabas ( )
:: daga nan zuwa wani ma'ana latitude 13 digiri 00 minutes kudu, longitude 144 digiri 00 minutes gabas ( )
:: daga nan zuwa wani ma'ana latitude 15 digiri 00 minutes kudu, longitude 146 digiri 00 minutes gabas ( )
:: daga nan zuwa wani ma'ana latitude 18 digiri 00 minutes kudu, longitude 147 digiri 00 minutes gabas ( )
:: daga nan zuwa wani ma'ana latitude 21 digiri 00 minutes kudu, longitude 153 digiri 00 minutes gabas ( )
:: daga nan zuwa wani batu a bakin tekun Ostiraliya a cikin latitude 24 digiri 42 mintuna kudu, Longitude 153 digiri 15 minutes gabas ( )

### Littafin Rubutun Mai

: Za a kammala littafin rikodin man a kowane lokaci, bisa ga tanki-da-tanki, a duk lokacin da aka gudanar da wani aiki kamar haka a kan jirgin ruwa da kuma tanki.

## Soke Dokar Gurbacewar Mai ta 1973
An soke dokar jama'a ta Amurka ta shekarata 1973 ta hanyar kafa dokar hana gurɓacewar ruwa daga jiragen ruwa a ranar 21 ga Oktoba, shekarar 1980.

## Duba wasu abubuwan

: Tankin ballast
: Fitar ruwan ballast da muhalli
: Tasirin muhalli na jigilar kaya
: Ƙungiyar Maritime ta Duniya
: Dokar Kariyar Ruwa, Bincike, da Wuri Mai Tsarki na 1972
: MARPOL 73/78
: Dokar Gurbacewar Mai ta 1924
: Dokar Gurbacewar Mai ta 1990
: Dokar makamashi ta Amurka

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

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