Mata a cikin siyasar Turkiyya

Mata a Turkiyya suna da hannu a harkokin siyasar ƙasa, kuma adadin mata a majalisar dokokin Turkiyya yana ƙaruwa akai-akai a zaɓen da aka yi kwanan nan.

## Bayani

An kafa Jamhuriyar Turkiyya a tsakiyar Daular Ottoman da ta wargaje a ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 1923. Duk da cewa tasirin siyasa na wasu Sarakunan Valide (iyayen sarauniya) akan Sarakunan Ottoman ya yi yawa, musamman a zamanin da aka sani da Sarkin Musulmi na Mata, mata ba su da damar yin aiki a kowane mukami na siyasa a zamanin Ottoman.

Wata fitacciyar mace mai fafutukar siyasa a farkon zamanin jam'iyyar Republican ita ce Nezihe Muhiddin, wacce ta kafa jam'iyyar mata ta farko a Turkiyya a watan Yunin 1923; duk da haka, ba a taɓa halatta ta ba saboda ba a ayyana Jam'iyyar a hukumance ba tukuna. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, wanda ya kafa Jamhuriya ya fara jerin gyare-gyare don sabunta ƙasar, gami da daidaito tsakanin jama'a da siyasa ga mata a karon farko. A ranar 17 ga Fabrairun 1926, Turkiyya ta amince da sabuwar dokar farar hula wadda aka ayyana haƙƙin mata da maza na Turkiyya daidai gwargwado sai dai a zaɓen 'yan majalisa.  Matan Turkiyya sun sami haƙƙin zaɓe a zaɓen ƙananan hukumomi ta hanyar Dokar mai lamba 1580 a ranar 3 ga Afrilun 1930.  Shekaru huɗu bayan haka, ta hanyar dokar da aka kafa a ranar 5 ga Disamba 1934, sun sami cikakken zaɓen gama gari, kafin sauran ƙasashe da yawa. 

## Shugaba
Har zuwa yanzu babu wata mace da ta taɓa zama shugabar ƙasa. Meral Akşener ta tsaya takara a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 2018.

## Kakakin Majalisar Dokoki
Har zuwa yanzu, babu wata mace da ta taɓa zama Kakakin Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa a Turkiyya.

## Mataimakin shugaba
An kafa mukamin mataimakin shugaban ƙasa a shekarar 2018 kuma babu wata mace da ta taɓa samun mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa a Turkiyya.

## Firayim Minista (1920–2018)
Tansu Çiller, farfesa ce a fannin tattalin arziki ta ƙasar Turkiyya tun daga shekarar 1983, ta shiga siyasa a watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1990, inda ta shiga Jam'iyyar True Path Party (DYP). A ranar 13 ga Yuni, 1993, aka zaɓe ta a matsayin shugabar jam'iyyar, kuma a ranar 25 ga Yuni a wannan shekarar, aka naɗa Çiller a matsayin Firayim Minista na gwamnatin haɗin gwiwa, inda ta zama firayim minista mace ta farko a Turkiyya har zuwa yanzu. Ta yi aiki a wannan mukami har zuwa 6 ga Maris, 1996 a gwamnatin 50, 51 da 52 ta Turkiyya .

An soke ofishin firaministan Turkiyya a shekarar 2018.

## Ministocin gwamnati

Ministar gwamnatin Turkiyya mace ta farko ita ce Türkân Akyol, a shekarar 1971. Ta kasance Ministar Lafiya a gwamnatin Nihat Erim mai fasaha.( Gwamnatin Turkiyya ta 33 )   A shekarar 1983, ta kasance daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa SODEP, wato Jam'iyyar Social Democracy Party, wata sabuwar jam'iyya da ta zama daya daga cikin manyan jam'iyyun siyasa na Turkiyya a shekarun 1980.

Ministocin gwamnati mata har zuwa yanzu sune kamar haka:

## Mataimakan Shugaban Majalisar Dokoki

Duk da cewa babu wata mace da ta taɓa yin shugabar majalisar dokoki a Majalisar Dokokin Turkiyya har zuwa yau, 'yan siyasa da dama sun taɓa zama Mataimakiyar Shugaban Majalisar a lokuta daban-daban. A shekarar 1972, mace ta farko da ta zama mataimakiyar shugabar majalisar dokoki ta jamhuriyar Turkiyya ta kasance Nermin Neftçi . Wasu daga cikin mata mata mata mata mata mata mata mata mata su ne Meral Akşener (MHP), Güldal Mumcu (CHP) da kuma Ayşe Nur Bahçekapılı (AK Party) na tsawon lokaci.   

## Shugabannin jam'iyya

Shugabar jam'iyyar mace ta farko a Turkiyya ita ce Behice Boran (1910–1987). Ta kasance memba a Jam'iyyar Ma'aikata ta Turkiyya (TİP), an zaɓe ta a matsayin shugabar jam'iyyar a shekarar 1970 kuma ta ci gaba da wannan muƙamin har sai da aka rufe dukkan jam'iyyun siyasa bayan juyin mulkin soja na ranar 11 ga Satumba, 1980.  Sauran shugabannin jam'iyyar mata sune:

* Mübeccel Göktuna (1915–1999) Jam'iyyar Mata ta Ƙasa ta Turkiyya (TUKP) (1972–1981)
* Rahşan Ecevit (1923–2020), Jam'iyyar Democrat Left Party (DSP) (1985–1987), Jam'iyyar Democrat Left People's Party (DSHP) (2010)
* Tansu Çiller (an haife shi a shekarar 1946) Jam'iyyar True Path (DYP) (1993–2002), *(  daga 1993 zuwa 1996)*
* Nesrin Nas (an haife ta a shekarar 1958), Jam'iyyar Motherland Party (ANAP) (2003–2004)
* Filiz Koçali (an haife shi a shekara ta 1958), Jam'iyyar Dimokuradiyya ta Gurguzu (2004–2009)
* Gültan Kışanak (an haife shi a shekara ta 1961), Jam'iyyar Aminci da Dimokuradiyya (BDP), (2011-2014)
* Sebahat Tuncel (an haife shi a shekara ta 1975) Jam'iyyar Dimokuradiyya ta Jama'a (HDP) (2013–2014)
* Figen Yüksekdağ (an haife shi a shekarar 1971), Jam'iyyar Dimokuradiyya ta Jama'a (Turkiyya) (2014–2017) shugaba mai haɗin gwiwa
* Emine Ülker Tarhan (an haife ta a shekarar 1963), Jam'iyyar Anatolia (2014–2015) Tun daga shekarar 2014, ita ce ta kafa kuma shugabar jam'iyyar.
* Fatma Benal Yazgan (an haife ta a shekara ta 1947), Jam'iyyar Mata (Turkiyya) (2014-yanzu)
* Meral Akşener (an haife shi a shekarar 1956), Jam'iyyar Good (2017–2024) wanda ya kafa kuma jagora
* Serpil Kemalbay, Jam'iyyar Dimokuradiyya ta Jama'a (2017–2018) shugaba mai haɗin gwiwa
* Pervin Buldan (an haife shi a 1967), Jam'iyyar Dimokuradiyya ta Jama'a (2018–2023) shugaba mai haɗin gwiwa

### Bukukuwan mata
Mata ne suka kafa jam'iyyu biyu: Jam'iyyar Mata ta Ƙasa ta Turkiyya a shekarar 1972 (har zuwa 1980) da kuma Jam'iyyar Mata (Turkiyya) a shekarar 2014.

## Mataimakiyar Shugabar Ƙungiyar Majalisa
A bisa kundin tsarin mulkin Turkiyya, kowace jam'iyya mai kujeru sama da ashirin tana kafa kungiyar 'yan majalisa kuma kowace kungiya tana da mataimakan shugabanni 1-3 ( Turkish   ) waɗanda aka ba su izinin wakiltar, a takaice, jam'iyyar da ta dace a majalisar dokoki dangane da gudanar da majalisar dokoki da kuma hulɗa da sauran ƙungiyoyin jam'iyya, da kuma jagorantar ƙungiyar 'yan majalisa idan babu shugaban jam'iyyar. Mataimakiyar shugabar ƙungiyar ta farko a majalisar dokokin Turkiyya ita ce Oya Araslı ta jam'iyyar Republican People's Party tsakanin 1996 da 1999.  Daga baya, akwai shugabannin ƙungiyoyin 'yan majalisa biyu a majalisar: Emine Ülker Tarhan ta jam'iyyar Republican People's Party da Pervin Buldan ta jam'iyyar Peace and Democracy . 

## 'Yan Majalisar Dokoki

'Yan majalisar dokokin Turkiyya mata na farko, waɗanda aka zaɓa a babban zaɓen da aka gudanar a ranar 8 ga Fabrairu, 1935 .

### Zaɓen 1935–1999
Duk da haka, bayan farawar 1935 mai kyau, adadin mata a majalisar ya fara raguwa. Musamman a zaɓen 1950 da 1961, mata 3 ne kawai suka sami damar shiga majalisar, kuma tun da tarihi ya bai wa mata 'yancin kaɗa ƙuri'a da zaɓe, ita ce mafi ƙarancin mata da suka shiga majalisar.

### Zaɓen 2002– na yanzu
Tun daga shekarar 1995, adadin mata a majalisar yana ci gaba da ƙaruwa. Kashi 1935 na mata, shekarar farko da aka sami damar zaɓen mata a majalisar dokoki, ya zarce hakan tun a shekarar 1999.  Duk da haka, adadin wakilcin mata bai faɗi ƙasa da kashi 10 cikin ɗari ba bayan zaɓen 2011. 

### 'Yan Majalisar Dattawa (1961–1980)
Majalisar Dokokin Turkiyya ta kasance tana da Majalisar Dattawa (majalisar Dattawa) tsakanin 1961 da 1980. Matan da aka zaɓa a matsayin sanatoci:

* Mebrure Aksoley (1902–1984), Jam'iyyar Republican People's Party (CHP) (1964–1973) 
* Fatma Hikmet İşmen, (1918-2006), Ma'aikata Party of Turkey (TİP) (1966-1975) 
* Bahriye Üçok (1919–1990), Jawabin Shugaban Jiha (1971–1976).  'Yar siyasa mace tilo da aka kashe.
* Nermin Abadan Unat (1921–2025), Tashin hankalin Shugaban Jiha (1978–1980) 
* Aysel Baykal (1939–2003), Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Republican (CHP) (1979–1980) 

## Gwamna

Gwamnan farko na mace a Turkiyya ita ce Lale Aytaman . Aytaman, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin gwamnan Muğla tsakanin 1991 da 1995, Shugaba Turgut Özal ne ya naɗa ta a wannan matsayin. A halin yanzu, gwamnan gundumar mace ta farko a Turkiyya ita ce Özlem Bozkurt Gevrek. Ta yi aiki a gundumar Orta ta Çankırı a 1995. Bayan waɗannan shekarun, adadin gwamnoni mata da gwamnonin gundumomi ya ƙaru da sauri. 

## Kananan hukumomi
Mace ta farko da ta zama magajin gari a Turkiyya ita ce Sadiye Hanım wadda aka zaɓe ta a matsayin magajin garin Kılıçkaya a shekarar 1930. Mace ta farko da ta zama muhtar ( babban ƙauye ) a Turkiyya ita ce Gülkız Ürbül, wacce ta zama muhtar ƙauyen Demircidere (yanzu Karpuzlu) a gundumar Çine ta lardin Aydın a shekarar 1933. A zaɓen, ta yi takara da 'yan takara maza bakwai.  Mace ta farko da ta zama magajin gari a babban birni ita ce Müfide İlhan, wacce aka zaɓe ta a matsayin magajin garin Mersin a shekarar 1950.

## Duba kuma

* Siyasar Turkiyya
* Tsarin fifikon Turkiyya
* Mata a Turkiyya
* Jadawalin zaɓen mata na farko a ƙasashen da Musulmai suka fi rinjaye

## Manazarta