Abubuwan Dioxide

An **kafa Dioxide** Materials a cikin 2009 a Champaign, Illinois, yanzu yana da hedikwata a Boca Raton, Florida. Babban kasuwancin sa shine haɓɓaka fasaha don rage sawun carbon na duniya. Dioxide Materials yana haɓɓaka fasaha don canza carbon dioxide, ruwa da makamashi mai sabuntawa zuwa gasoline mai tsaka-tsaki ko man fetur. Aikace-aikacen sun haɗa da sake amfani da CO2, samar da man fetur mai ɗorewa da rage ƙarancin makamashi mai sabuntawa (watau makamashi marar sabuntawa wanda grid ba zai iya amfani da shiba).

## Fasahar Carbon Dioxide Electrolyzer
Carbon Dioxide electrolyzers babban ɓangare ne na kasuwancin Dioxide Materials. An fara aikin ne don mayar da martani ga ƙalubalen Ma'aikatar Makamashi don samun mafi kyawun abubuwan haɓɓaka, don rage wutar lantarki na carbon dioxide.  Alokacin da overpotential (watau lalacewar ƙarfin lantarki) yayi yawa, kuma adadin yayi ƙasa da aikace-aikace masu amfani. Ma'aikata a Dioxide Materials sunyi la'akari da cewa wani abu mai aiki wanda ya ƙunshi ƙarfe da ruwa na ionic na iya rage ƙarfin da aka yi don rage carbon dioxide. Lalle ne, an gano cewa haɗuwa da abubuwa biyu, nanoparticles na azurfa da kuma maganin ruwa na ionic wanda ke ɗauke da nau'ikan 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIM-BF4) da ruwa, ya rage ƙarfin canjin CO2 zuwa carbon monoxide (CO) daga kimanin 1 volt zuwa kawai 0.17 volts.  Ma'aikata daga wasu ɗakunan gwaje-gwaje sun sake maimaita binciken akan ƙarafa da yawa, kuma tare da ruwa mai yawa. Dioxide Materials ya nuna cewa irin wannan haɓɓaka yana faruwa alokacin alkaline ruwa electrolysis da hydrocarboxylation na acetylene ("Reppe chemistry").

A wannan lokacin, har yanzu akwai wasu tambayoyi game da yadda imidazolium ke iya rage ƙarfin da aka yi amfani da shi don rage yawan carbon dioxide. Mataki na farko acikin electrolysis na CO2 shine ƙara wani lantarki acikin CO2 ko wani ƙwayar halitta dake ɗauke da CO2.  Sakamakon jinsin an laƙafta shi "CO2 ̄" acikin adadi a hagu. Yana buƙatar aƙalla ƙarfin lantarki na makamashi a kowace kwayar halitta don samar da nau'in ba tare da ruwa na ionic ba. Wannan ƙarfin lantarki na makamashi ya lalace sosai yayin amsawa. Rosen a al yayi iƙirarin cewa sabon tsari mai rikitarwa a gaban ruwan ionic don kada a ɓata 1 eV na makamashi. Wannan rikitarwa yana bada damar amsawa don bin hanyar kore akan adadi a dama. Ayyukan kwanannan sun nuna cewa sabon haɗaɗɗun, shine zwitterion Sauran hanyoyin daza a iya amfani dasu (watau waɗanda akafi sani da zwitterions) ana tattauna su acikin Keith et al. Rosen a cikin al. Verdaguer-Casadevall da sauransu da Shi da sauransu.

## Membranes na Ci gaba

Abin takaici, an gano ruwan ionic ya yi yawa da za a iya amfani da shi a cikin masu amfani da carbon dioxide.  Ruwan Ionic sune masu narkewa masu ƙarfi. Suna narkewa / lalata hatimi, carbon electrodes da sauran sassa a cikin masu amfani da wutar lantarki na kasuwanci.  A sakamakon haka, suna da wuyar amfani da su a aikace.  

Don kauce wa lalata, kayan Dioxide sun sauya daga ionic ruwa catalysts zuwa catalytic anion musayar polymers. An gwada polymers da yawa kuma imidazolium ya yi aiki da polymer na styrene wanda aka nuna a cikin adadi a dama ya nuna mafi kyawun aikin.  An yi amfani da membranes ɗin da suna Sustainion. Amfani da membranes na Ci gaba ya ɗaga halin yanzu da rayuwar CO2 electrolyzer a cikin kewayon amfani na kasuwanci. Membrane na ci gaba sun nuna halayyar sama da 100 mS / cm a ƙarƙashin yanayin alkaline a 60 ° C, kwanciyar hankali na dubban sa'o'i a cikin 1M KOH, kuma suna ba da kwanciyar hankali ta jiki wanda ke da amfani ga aikace-aikace daban-daban. Membrane sun nuna tsawon rayuwa sama da awanni 3000 a cikin CO2 electrolyzers a babban yawan halin yanzu. Bincike na baya-bayan nan ya lura cewa membrane na tantanin halitta wanda ke da ingantaccen cathode yana da damar gudu har zuwa kwanaki 158 a 200 mA / cm2. 

## Manazarta