Phillippa Yaa de Villiers

**Phillippa Yaa de Villiers** (an haife ta 17 ga Fabrairu 1966)  marubuciya kuma ƴar wasan kwaikwayo ƴar ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu wanda ke yin aikin ta a ƙasa da ƙasa. An san ta da waƙoƙin ta, wanda aka buga a cikin tarin abubuwa da yawa a cikin mujallu da abubuwan tarihi, da kuma wasan kwaikwayon mace guda ɗaya, *Asalin Fata*, wanda ke kan rudani game da asalin sa tun yana ƙarami, a matsayin bi -yan asalin mahaifiyar Ostireliya kuma mahaifin Ghana wanda farar fata ya karbe shi kuma ya tashe shi a mulkin wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu.  Ta rubuta: "Na zama Phillippa Yaa lokacin da na sami mahaifin mahaifina, wanda ya gaya min cewa da a ce yana can lokacin da aka haife ni, sunan farko da za a ba ni zai zama sunan rana kamar duk jariran Ghana, kuma duk 'yan matan Alhamis sune Yaa, Yawo, ko Yaya. Don haka ta hanyar canza sunana na yi nufin rubuta wani abu na kasancewa da kuma abin alfahari a ɓangaren Afirka na. Bayan na girma baƙar fata a cikin farar fata ta Afirka ta Kudu, na sanya yawancin  gaskiyar  abin da baƙar fata take, ina buƙatar dawo da ɗan adam na da kaina daga rawa mai guba na haƙiƙa. "  Ta kuma ce: "Saboda ba a gaya mini cewa an ɗauke ni ba har sai da na kai shekara ashirin, ban rasa ƙamus ba don bayyana ko ni wane ne kuma daga ina na fito, don haka yin aiki da rubutu ya zama hanyoyin gyara kaina."  Kamar yadda Tishani Doshi ta lura a cikin *New Indian Express* : "Yawancin ayyukanta sun shafi jinsi, jima'i, aji da jinsi a cikin mahalli na Afirka ta Kudu." 

## Rayuwa

### Sheda da shekarun ƙuruciya
An haifi De Villiers a Hillbrow a Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu,  inda ta yi watanni na farko na rayuwarta a cikin Gidan Gimbiya Alice, wurin ba da rainon jarirai. Half-Ostireliya da rabin Ghana,  ta yi riƙo da ita a lokacin da ta kai wata tara, duk da cewa ba ta sanar da ita ba har sai da ta cika shekara 20.  Ta rubuta game da tasirin waɗannan abubuwan:"Na fara rubuta waƙa tun ina ƙarama, waƙar da na fara bugawa ita ce lokacin ina ƴar shekara 11. An haife ni a gida mai son waƙa da adabi, musamman harshen Ingilishi. Amma sai da na tsufa ne na fahimci cewa rubutu ya fi kalmomin da ke wasa a shafi. Rubutu ya ƙunshi marubuci, damuwar su, yanayin zamantakewar su da tarihin su. Tarihin kaina ya zama toshe ga kerawa ta yayin da na fara bincika asalina a matsayina na baƙar mace da farar fata ta ɗauka a mulkin wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu. Na ji kamar wanda aka yi wa mulkin mallaka da mai mulkin mallaka suna fada da juna a cikin kwakwalwata. Rubutu ya ci gaba da zama mai mahimmanci a gare ni amma na tabbata cewa kawai tsarin warkewa ne, ba shi da ƙima ga kowa.

 Kodayake alaƙar su ta kasance mai ƙarfi kuma alama ce ta rabuwa mai tsawo, de Villiers ya yaba wa mahaifiyarta mai suna Hertha Lilly Amalia nee Graf, fitacciyar masaniyar ɗan adam,  tare da ƙaunar waƙoƙi gami da gaskanta gwaninta a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo. Labarin alakar su, da kuma fa'ida mai yawa na sirrin launin fata na Yaa, ya bayyana a cikin *Darwin's Hunch*,  Christa Kuljian ta zurfafa bincike na tsere da kimiyya.

 A matsayina na ɗan Afirka mai haɗe-haɗe da riƙo Ina jin, a saɓani, an zalunce shi kuma yana da 'yanci gaba ɗaya. . . . Rayuwata ta balaga ta sadaukar da kai sosai don warkar da wannan rarrabuwa. 'Yancin matsayina na saɓani, a zahiri ba ni da takunkumin rawar gargajiya kuma ina da damar shiga duniya. " 

### Ƙarin ilimi da aiki na farko
Ta yi karatun digiri na aikin jarida a Jami'ar Rhodes, Grahamstown,   kuma ta sami digirin girmamawa a Dramatic Art da Rubutun Rubutu daga Jami'ar Witwatersrand .  Ta yi karatun digiri na biyu a Makarantar wasan kwaikwayo ta Lecoq International da ke Paris, Faransa, inda ta yi karatun mime da wasan kwaikwayo.   Daga nan ta ɗan daɗe tana zaune a Los Angeles  kafin ta dawo Afirka ta Kudu a 1998 don ta zauna a birnin Johannesburg .  Ta yi aiki a matsayin ƴar wasan kwaikwayo na tsawon shekaru biyu, tana yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo don abubuwan da suka lashe lambar yabo na *Kwamanzi*, *Horn of Sorrow* and *Elephant of Africa*, ”sannan gurguwar cutar ta Bell ta aike ta zuwa rubuce-rubuce a matsayin madadin aiki. Ta ci gaba da shiga gidan wasan kwaikwayo na titi, tana yin wasan kwaikwayo akai -akai tare da Theatresports a ɗakin wasan kwaikwayo na Kasuwa har tsawon shekaru goma kuma ta tafi makaranta don koyan rubutun ". 

A cikin shekaru takwas masu zuwa ta rubuta rubutun talabijin,  don nunin da suka hada da *Backstage*, *Tsha Tsha*, *Thetha Msawawa*, *Takalani Sesame* da *Soul City* da sauransu,   kuma ta haɗa gwiwa tare da Pule Hlatshwayo da marubucin Sweden Charlotte Lesche zuwa ƙirƙira *Score*, miniseries na sa'o'i uku don Watsawa da Yaren mutanen Sweden da SABC .   A cikin 2005, de Villiers ya sami jagoranci tare da mawaƙin Ingilishi John Lindley ta hanyar tsarin koyon nisan nesa na Majalisar British / Lancaster University "Crossing Borders".   Ta rubuta wasan hannu biyu mai suna *Inda Yara ke Rayuwa*, wanda ya kasance na biyu don mafi kyawun lambar yabo ta marubuci kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta godiya ga masu sauraro a Babban Taron Karatun Gidan Wasan kwaikwayo na Pansa na ƙasa a 2005. 

## Bugawa
A cikin 2006, Cibiyar Littafin ta buga kundin waƙoƙin ta na farko, *Taller Than Gine -gine*,  wanda aka bayyana shi a matsayin "tarin waƙoƙi na musamman na farko, wanda ke tsokana da asali, yana nuna canjin kai da ƙasa."  Tarin nata na biyu, *The Everyday Wife*, an ƙaddamar da shi ne a Harare International Arts of Arts a watan Afrilu 2010.  Dangane da sake dubawar Tolu Ogunlesi na *mujallar Wasafiri*, "waƙoƙin murƙushewar murya na Yaa de Villiers (ta wannan hanyar da ta tuna *da matar* Ann Ann Duffy ta Duniya) suna da hankali, ba sa tsoron yin lalata, wani lokacin masifa, kuma a koda yaushe ba ruwansu" .  Tarin nata na uku, *ciwon ƙanƙara a cikin kashina*, ya bayyana a watan Satumba na 2017,  kuma a cikin bita Kelwyn Sole ya ce: "Tarin yana cike da duwatsu masu tamani da waƙoƙin farin ciki a duniya, kamar yadda ba ta taɓa mantawa da Hakikanin bayan masana’antu na lalacewar zamani da muke rayuwa a ciki. . . " . 

An buga waƙoƙin ta da alƙawarin ta a cikin mujallu na gida da na duniya da kuma abubuwan tarihi, gami da *The Edinburgh Review*, *Poui*, *A Hudson View*, *Crossing Borders 3*,  *We are ...* (ed. Natalia Molebatsi ; Penguin, 2008), *Just Keep Breathing* (eds Rosamund Haden da Sandra Dodson; Jacana, 2008), *Sabon Rubutu daga Afirka* (ed. JM Coetzee ; Johnson & King James, 2009), *Gida Away* (ed. Louis Paul Greenberg; Zebra Press, 2010), *Waƙoƙi don Haiti* (ed. Amitabh Mitra ; Mawallafin Mawaƙa 2010), *Harafi zuwa Afirka ta Kudu* (Umuzi, 2011),   *Bari in Ba ku Labari* (2016),   da *Sababbin 'Ya'yan Afirka* (wanda Margaret Busby ya shirya, 2019) .  

## Ayyuka
Ta zagaya wasan kwaikwayon rayuwar mace guda ɗaya, *Asalin Fata*,  a Afirka ta Kudu-gami da a Gidan Wasannin Kasuwa (Johannesburg) da Grahamstown Festival  )-da ƙasashen waje, kuma ta yi aikinta daga Cuba zuwa Cape Town., Berlin zuwa Harare, haka kuma a cikin garinsu, Johannesburg.  

Ta bayyana a bikin Jozi Spoken Word Festival a shekara ta 2006, kuma Mawaƙin Mawaƙa na Afirka ta Kudu Keorapetse Kgositsile ya gayyace ta don shiga cikin James Matthews, Lebo Mashile da Khanyi Magubane mai wakiltar Afirka ta Kudu a bikin Mawaƙa na Duniya na 12 a Havana, Cuba. 

A cikin 2007, de Villiers ya bayyana a bikin Power Power International Festival of Black Literature a London, England, da Poetry Africa,  kuma a watan Afrilu 2008 a taron "Tare don Hadin Kai" a Sweden . 

A cikin 2009 ta kasance marubuciya a gidan Passa Porta na Villa Vollezele a Belgium .  Hakanan a cikin 2009 ta kasance wani ɓangare na *Beyond Words* UK yawon shakatawa  wanda kuma ya ƙunshi mawaƙan Afirka ta Kudu Keorapetse Kgositsile, Don Mattera, Lesego Rampolokeng da Lebo Mashile (wanda Apples and Snakes suka gabatar tare da haɗin gwiwar gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai ɗorewa, wanda Majalisar Burtaniya ta Kudu ta tallafawa Afirka, Majalisar Fasaha ta Ingila da gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu).    

A matsayinta na mawaƙiyar Commonwealth na 2014, ta yi a Kwalejin Homerton, Jami'ar Cambridge, a ranar 8 ga Maris 2014, tare da ɗan uwan mawaƙin Afirka ta Kudu Isobel Dixon, a matsayin wani ɓangare na Pedagogy, Harshe, Arts & Al'adu a Ilimi (PLACE), tare da hadin gwiwar Cibiyar Ilimi ta Commonwealth kuma Gidauniyar Ilimi ta Commonwealth . 

A ranar 8 ga Disamba 2014, ta ba da wasan kwaikwayo a Leiden, Netherlands, a ASC (Cibiyar Nazarin Afirka) Taron Jama'a na shekara.  

A watan Afrilu na 2015, ta karanta aikin ta a Accra, Ghana, a matsayin baƙuwa ga Shirin Marubutan Ghana da Cibiyar Goethe ta gida.   

A cikin 2017 an gayyace ta zuwa Namibia, inda ta karanta waƙoƙi kuma ta ba da bita na rubuce -rubuce a Cibiyar Goethe.  A Cibiyar Goethe ta Johannesburg, ta sauƙaƙa tattaunawa kuma ta shiga cikin ɓangarori tare da Tania Haberland da Xabiso Vili. 

## Sauran ayyuka
A watan Satumbar 2016, ta shiga cikin kwamitin editoci na Asusun Littafin Mawakan Afirka (APBF), ƙungiyar da ke haɓaka da haɓaka ci gaba da buga fasahar waƙoƙin Afirka, tare da Kwame Dawes, Chris Abani, Gabeba Baderoon, Bernardine Evaristo, Aracelis Girmay, John Keene da Matthew Shenoda .  A cikin 2017 an ba ta izini don yin baƙo don gyara bugun musamman na mujallar shayari mai daraja, *The Atlanta Review*, ta mai da hankali kan mawaƙa mata na Afirka ta Kudu. 

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa
Daga cikin kyaututtukan ta da yawa akwai Fasahar Ƙasa /de Buren Rubuta Bayan Kyautar Fringe 2009,   kuma a cikin 2011 Kyautar Adabin Afirka ta Kudu.  Ita ce ta karɓi Kwalejin Ƙasashen waje na 2012 don karatu a cikin Rubutun Halittu a Jami'ar Lancaster. 

A cikin 2014 an zaɓe ta a matsayin mawaƙiyar Commonwealth, kuma Ƙungiyar Ilimi ta Ƙungiyar ƙasashe masu tasowa ta Commonwealth ta ba ta izini don rubuta waƙa don bikin Ranar Commonwealth .  Ta yi waƙarta, mai taken "Ƙarfin zuciya - yana ɗaukar ƙarin", a Westminster Abbey a ranar 10 ga Maris a matsayin wani ɓangare na bukukuwan Commonwealth, a gaban Sarauniya Elizabeth ta II da sauran membobin gidan sarauta, da manyan 'yan siyasa, manyan kwamishinoni. da manyan baki na Commonwealth.    

Tana koyarwa a sashen Rubutun Halitta a Jami'ar Witwatersrand a Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu. 

## Littafin tarihin da aka zaɓa

* *Gine -gine masu tsayi* (Cape Town: Cibiyar Littafin, 2006,  ) 
* tare da Keorapetse Kgositsile, Don Mattera da Lebo Mashile, *Bayan Kalmomi:* Mawaƙan Afirka ta Kudu (aikin Apples &amp;amp; Maciza ; flipped eye, 2009,  ) 
* *Matar Kullum* ; Gabatarwa ta Margaret Busby  (Cape Town: Littattafan Modjaji, 2010,  ) 
* Edita (tare da Kaiyu Xiao da Isabelle Ferrin-Aguirre), *Babu Zaman Lafiya Anan-anthology of African Poetry* (Beijing: New World Publishers, 2010,  ).
* *ciwon kankara a cikin* kashina (Cape Town: Littattafan Modjaji, 2017,  

### A matsayin mai ba da gudummawa

* "Stay safe", *Mujallar Konch*, Batu na Musamman, Cutar: Ƙara ta II, 2020. 

* Marike Beyers (ed. ), *Sihiri Kaɗai Muka Sani: Zaɓaɓɓun Waƙoƙin Modjaji 2004 zuwa 2019*, 2020. 
* "Bincike Wannan Gaskiya ne kuma Utopian: Ilimin 'Yan Asali a Matsayin Maɗaukaki don Raya Waƙar Makarantar Sakandare" (tare da Louis Botha da Robert Maungedzo), *Ilimi Kamar Canji*, 23 ga Disamba 2020. 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin waje

* Phillippa Yaa De Villiers akan Facebook.
* "Bayanin Watan Mata: Phillippa Yaa de Villiers" , *Alberton Record*, 10 Agusta 2016.
* Matthew Mokoena, "Zubar da Fata ta Asalin Al'umma"  (hira da Phillippa Yaa de Villiers), *Mujallar Sanin hankali*, 19 ga Mayu 2010.
* "Bayan kalmomi - Tattaunawa 2 Phillippa Yaa De Villiers" . Vimeo.
* Phillippa Yaa de Villiers yana yin wasan kwaikwayo a The Drum, Birmingham, 31 ga Oktoba 2009. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai dorewa.
* "Phillippa Yaa De Villiers a Word 'n Sound, Johannesburg", 2011. YouTube.
* "Tattaunawar Shuru - Phillippa Yaa De Villiers (Mawaƙi). Fred Wisdom (Jazz guitar) " , 2008.
* Shafin Phillippa Yaa de Villiers a Passa Porta , Gidan Adabi na Duniya a Brussels, 2009.
* Phillippa Yaa de Villiers (gami da kwasfan fayiloli)  a Badilisha Poetry X-canji.
* "Mawaƙi Phillippa Yaa de Villiers yayi magana game da sabon tarin ta, ''The Everyday Wife'', with Janet van Eeden", Litnet, 3 June 2010.
* Phillippa Yaa De Villiers tana yin waƙar ranar Commonwealth a Westminster Abbey, 10 Maris 2014 . The Royal Commonwealth Society, YouTube.
* Phillippa Yaa de Villiers yana karatu a Rumbun Waƙoƙi.
* Phillippa Yaa de Villiers a Lyrikline.
* MarLa Sink Druzgal, "Kewaye Duniya tare da Waƙar Phillippa Yaa de Villiers", *Tafiya Marla* .
* Crystal Wilton, "Tattaunawa da Phillippa Yaa de Villiers" , *Jaridar Odd*, Oktoba 2017.
* "Samun damar muryar ku | Phillippa Yaa de Villiers", Podcast David Krut, 11 Yuni 2021.