Canjin yanayi a Zimbabwe

Tasirin Canjin yanayi yana faruwa a Zimbabwe. Canjin yanayi shine sakamakon Yanayin Duniya da ke fuskantar canje-canje na dogon lokaci saboda sakin iskar gas kamar carbon dioxide (CO2) da methane (CH4). Wadannan iskar gas suna kama zafi a cikin yanayi, wanda ke haifar da dumamar duniya da kuma duniyar da ta fi zafi. Ayyukan ɗan adam, kamar amfani da man fetur (kwal, mai, da iskar gas), da kuma aikin gona na kasuwanci da kuma sare daji, suna da alhakin sakin waɗannan iskar gas. Gudummawar da kasar ke bayarwa ga hayakin gas mai guba kadan ne.

## Rashin iskar gas
Nahiyar Afirka tana ba da gudummawar kashi 2% zuwa 3% na hayaki mai gurbata yanayi a duniya, wanda ke haifar da sauyin yanayi. Kasar Zimbabwe tana da ƙasa da kashi 0.1% na wadannan hayaki. Duk da karancin gudunmawar da take bayarwa, dukkan kasashen Afirka sun gabatar da shirye-shiryen rage hayakin da suke fitarwa. A shekarar 2015, Zimbabwe ta ƙuduri aniyar rage hayakin da take fitarwa da kashi 33 cikin 100 nan da shekara ta 2030. Duk da haka, a shekarar 2021, ta sake duba manufarta zuwa raguwar kashi 40 cikin 100 nan da 2030 a dukkan bangarori. Wannan gagarumin ci gaba ya nuna yadda Zimbabwe ta himmatu wajen rage fitar da hayaki daga dukkan sassa masu fitar da hayaki. Burbushin CO2 da ake fitarwa a Zimbabwe ya kai ton 10,062,628 a shekarar 2016. Wannan ya nuna raguwar -4.17% idan aka kwatanta da na shekarar da ta gabata, wanda ya kai -437,903 ton kasa da na 2015 na 10,500,531. CO2 da ke fitar da kowa a Zimbabwe ya kai ton 0.70 ga kowane mutum a shekarar 2016, bisa yawan jama'a 14,452,704. Wannan yana nuna raguwar -0.05 daga adadi na shekarar da ta gabata na 0.74 CO2 ton ga kowane mutum, yana nuna canjin -6.1% a cikin iskar CO2 ga kowane mutum.

## Tasirin yanayi

### Yanayin zafi da sauye-sauyen yanayi
 
Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara yana ƙaruwa a kusan 0.01 zuwa 0.02 digiri Celsius a kowace shekara daga 1950 zuwa 2002. A cewar Zimbabwe Meteorological Service, mafi ƙarancin yanayin zafi na yau da kullun ya tashi da kusan digiri 2.6 na Celsius a cikin karni da ya gabata, yayin da matsakaicin yanayin zafi na rana ya karu da digiri 2 na Celsius a wannan lokacin. Bugu da ƙari, an sami raguwa a kwanakin sanyi da dare da karuwa a kwanakin zafi. Wadannan canje-canje sun dace da yanayin dumama gaba ɗaya, tare da kwanakin zafi da dare da ƙananan kwanakin sanyi da dare da aka lura a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.

### Tasirin ma'adanai na ruwa
Zimbabwe ta dogara da mafi yawan albarkatun ruwa, tare da iyakancewar albarkatun ruwan kasa. Kasar tana da adadi mai yawa na madatsar ruwa, gami da manyan, tare da jimlar damar 99,930 m3. Koyaya, ana sa ran albarkatun ruwa na Zimbabwe ta su sami mummunar tasiri ta hanyar Canjin yanayi. Misalai na ruwan sama a wurare daban-daban sun nuna raguwar ruwan sama da karuwar evaporation, wanda ya haifar da raguwar kashi 50% a cikin runoff a shekara ta 2075. Runde da Mzingwane, musamman, ana sa ran fuskantar mafi girman raguwa a matsakaicin ruwan sama. Bugu da ƙari, ana sa ran rage yawan ruwa da ruwa, yana tasiri ga wadatar ruwa don aikin ban ruwa. Bugu da ƙari, ana sa ran buƙatar ruwa don dalilai daban-daban za ta karu saboda yawan jama'a, birni, masana'antu, da ƙaruwa. A cewar Bankin Duniya, canjin yanayi zai haifar da raguwar kashi 38% a cikin wadatar ruwa ta kowace ƙasa a shekara ta 2050, wanda zai iya tilasta wa mazaunan Zimbabwe su dogara da tushen Ruwa na ƙasa. Canjin yanayi yana shafar wadatar ruwa da inganci, wanda ke haifar da ƙalubale wajen tabbatar da wadatar ruwa mai aminci.

### Tsarin halittu
Extreme Weather Events. Climate change in Zimbabwe has increased extreme weather events such as droughts, floods, and storms. These events disrupt ecosystems, harm crops, and contribute to soil erosion. Biodiversity Loss. The changes in temperature and precipitation patterns caused by climate change can impact the dispersal and survival of plant and animal species, leading to a decline in biodiversity in Zimbabwe's ecosystems. Zimbabwe's diverse ecosystems face threats from climate change, including loss of biodiversity, habitat destruction, and changes in vegetation.

### Tasirin mutane
Canjin yanayi yana tasiri ga mutane a Zimbabwe ta hanyar karuwar haɗarin kiwon lafiya, Rashin tsaro na abinci, da ƙaura saboda abubuwan da suka faru na matsanancin yanayi. Guguwar Ana ta mamaye kasar a watan Janairun 2022, wanda ya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa a gabashin Zimbabwe. Guguwar ta haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga gadoji, makarantu, da hanyoyi, ta shafi gidaje 812 da makarantu 51. A sakamakon haka, sama da gidaje 3,000 sun yi hijira, tare da Lardin Manicaland shine mafi wahalar da aka shafa. Mashonaland ta Tsakiya da Midlands sun fuskanci mummunan yanayin yanayi daga Janairu 7 zuwa Janairu 11, 2023. An bayar da rahoton mutuwar mutane shida a wannan lokacin. Mutum daya ya mutu saboda ambaliyar ruwa a Gwanda, Matabeleland ta Kudu, yayin da wani mutuwar ya faru a Mutasa, Lardin Manicaland. A Mazowe, lardin Mashonaland ta Tsakiya, iska mai karfi ta haifar da mummunar lalacewa, wanda ya haifar da asarar rayuka biyu. Bugu da ƙari, mutane biyu sun rasa rayukansu saboda walƙiya a Chivi, Lardin Masvingo.

A cewar Ma'aikatar Kula da Yanayi ta Zimbabwe, Beitbridge, Lardin Matabeleland ta Kudu ya rubuta 109 mm na ruwan sama a cikin awanni 24 har zuwa Janairu 7. Hakazalika, Buhera, Lardin Manicaland ya sami ruwan sama mai yawa, tare da 91 mm da aka rubuta a cikin awanni 24 har zuwa Janairu 11. A ƙarshen Janairu, babban birnin, Harare, da kewayenta sun sami ruwan sama mai yawa. Ma'aikatar Kula da Yanayi ta ba da rahoton cewa ruwan sama na 123 mm ya fadi a cikin awanni 24 har zuwa Janairu 22. Wannan ruwan sama mai tsanani ya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa a sassa da yawa na Harare da yankunan da ke kusa da shi, wanda ya haifar da ƙaurawar gidaje da yawa. A Budiriro, wani yanki na kudu maso yammacin Harare, Kogin Marimba ya fashe bakin koginsa, ya haifar da lalacewa ko lalata gidaje 43. Hakazalika, Chitungwiza a Mashonaland West sun fuskanci ambaliyar ruwa wanda ya lalata gidaje 57 kuma ya lalata wasu biyu.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

## Manazarta