Kungiyar 'yantar da jama'ar Gambelaa

**Kungiyar 'yantar da jama'ar Gambela** (wato **GPLM**) ƙungiya ce ta 'yan tawaye a yankin Gambela a ƙasar Habasha. Masu adawa da Anuak ne suka kafa GPLM a lokacin mulkin Dergi.  Ƙungiyar ta kasance ƙarƙashin ikon Anuaks.  Agwa Alemu shi ne shugaban GPLM. 

## Kafan ƙungiyar
Jam'iyyar GPLM ta fito ne daga wani ɓangare na tsohuwar jam'iyyar Gambela Liberation Front (GLF). Kungiyar da za ta kafa GPLM ta samu goyon bayan gwamnatin Sudan kuma tana da alaƙa da kungiyar 'yanci ta Oromo.   Ƙungiyar ta ɗauki sunan GPLM a cikin shekarar 1985.  'Yan tawayen GPLM sun yi amfani da sansanoni a Sudan. 

A lokacin kafuwarta, GPLM tana da manufar 'yantar da Gambela daga mamayar 'yan ƙabilar Highland (watau Amharic, Tigrinya da Oromo).  Haka kuma, ƙungiyar GPLM ta yi la'akari da mamaye yankunan Nuer a Gambela a matsayin wani lamari na ƙasa, watau rikici tsakanin Habashawa da waɗanda ba 'yan ƙasa ba. Kungiyar ta GPLM ta laƙabi 'yan ƙabilar Nuers a matsayin 'yan ƙasashen waje', inda ta yi nuni da kan iyakar 1902 wadda ta sanya akasarin mutanen Nuers a yankin Sudan.

## Yaki da Dag
Gwamnatin Dergi ta yiwa GPLM laƙabi da *wonbede* ('yan fashi). Wannan jawabin da ya yi nuni da cewa Anuak gaba ɗayansa haramun ne kuma ba su da wani abin dogaro, ya yi tasiri wajen tabbatar da adawar Anuak gamayya ga Dergi (wanda hakan ya sa Nuer din ya karfafa kawancensu da Dergi).   A cikin rabin na biyu na shekarun 1980, GPLM ta fara kai hari ga mazauna Gambela da ma'aikatan gwamnati.

A yakin da ake yi da gwamnatin Dergi jam'iyyar GPLM za ta hada kai da jam'iyyar People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) ta ƙasar Habasha, tare da shiga yakin da ake yi na yaki da Dergi a yammacin ƙasar Habasha a shekarar 1989.   Koyaya, ƙawancen ya fara rashin jin daɗi. Jawabin GPLM akan 'Highlanders' ya sha bamban da sauran kungiyoyin 'yan ƙabilu, waɗanda jawabinsu ya mayar da hankali musamman kan mamayar Amhara.

## Lokacin canzawa
A ranar 16 ga watan Mayun 1991 ne sojojin GPLM da na EPRDF suka kwace Gambela, inda suka fatattaki sojojin Dergi da SPLA.  Jam'iyyar GPLM ce za ta mamaye siyasar Gambela a lokacin riƙon kwarya na shekarar 1991-1994. Bayan nasarar da aka yi wa mulkin dergi, an mika gwamnatin yankin Gambela ga GPLM.  GPLM ta halarci taron ƙasa na shekarar 1991.  A lokacin rikon kwarya, GPLM tana da wakilai biyu a majalisar wakilai.  A watan Yulin 1992, sojojinsa suka kashe shugaban GPLM, Agwa Alemu. 

Zaman riƙon kwarya a Gambela ya yi fama da rikicin ƙabilanci tsakanin Anuaks da Nuer. An ce mayakan GPLM na Anuak sun yi wani sihiri da ake kira *kunjur*, wanda ake zaton ya sanya su ke hana harsashi. An ce da yawa daga cikin matasan Anuak sun shiga GPLM, karfin *kunjur* ya burge su. 

Dangantaka tsakanin GPLM da EPRDF ta kasance mai sarkakiya. GPLM ba ta zama abokiyar ta EPRDF ba. Burin ta shi ne ta zama mai karfin faɗa-a-ji a siyasar Gambela, burin da kungiyar ta EPRDF ba za ta amince da ita ba. A shekarar 1992 ne gwamnatin ta EPRDF ta ba da umarnin korar dakaru na mayakan na GPLM, wanda ya kai ga faɗa a babban birnin yankin. Sojojin GPLM sun koma Pochalla, Sudan (yanzu wani yanki ne na Sudan ta Kudu, inda suka zauna tsawon watanni har sai da aka cimma matsaya. A wani ɓangare na sasantawa, an shigar da mayakan GPLM cikin sojojin ƙasa.

## Shiga cikin GPDF
A shekarar 1995, sakamakon matsin lamba daga gwamnatin tarayya, aka mayar da GPLM suna zuwa **jam'iyyar Gambela People's Liberation Party**.  A shekarar 1998 gwamnatin tarayya ta matsawa jam'iyyar GPLP lamba ta haɗe da jam'iyyar Nuer ta Gambela People's Democratic Unity Party (GPDUP) ta kafa jam'iyyar Gambela People's Democratic Front (GPDF). Anuaks bai ji daɗin haɗewar GPLP-GPDUP ya kafa jam'iyyar Gambela People's Democratic Congress.

## Manazarta