Alicia Ostriker

Alicia Suskin Ostriker (an haife ta a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba, 1937 ) mawaki ce kuma masanin Amurka wacce ke rubuta Waƙoƙin mata na Yahudawa. An kira ta "mawakin Amurka mafi gaskiya" ta hanyar Progressive .  Bugu da ƙari, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mawaƙan mata na farko a Amurka don rubuta da buga waƙoƙi suna tattauna batun uwaye. A shekara ta 2015, an zabe ta a matsayin Shugabar Kwalejin Waƙoƙin Amurka. A cikin 2018, an ba ta suna New York State Poet Laureate . 

## Rayuwa da ilimi
An haifi Ostriker a Brooklyn, New York, ga David Suskin da Beatrice Linnick Suskin .  Ta girma a cikin ayyukan gidaje na Manhattan a lokacin Babban Mawuyacin hali. Mahaifinta ya yi aiki a Ma'aikatar Gidajen Gidajen Birnin New York. Mahaifiyarta ta karanta mata William Shakespeare da Robert Browning, kuma Alicia ta fara rubuta waƙoƙi, da kuma zane, tun tana ƙarama. Da farko, ta yi fatan zama mai zane kuma ta yi karatun fasaha tun tana matashiya. Littattafanta, Songs (1969) da A Dream of Springtime (1979), sun nuna hotunan nata. Ostriker ya tafi makarantar sakandare a Makarantar Al'adu ta Da'a ta Fieldston a shekarar 1955.

Tana da digiri na farko daga Jami'ar Brandeis (1959), da kuma MA (1961) da Ph.D. (1964) daga Jami'an Wisconsin-Madison .  A shekara ta farko ta Ostriker ta makarantar digiri, ta halarci wani taro inda wani farfesa mai ziyara ya yi sharhi game da waƙarta ta hanyar cewa, "'Ku mata mawaƙa suna da kyau sosai, ko ba ku ba?'" Wannan sharhi ya sa ta yi tunani game da ma'anar zama mace mawaƙa. Ba ta taɓa tunanin wannan lokacin ba kuma ta fahimci cewa maza ba su da kwanciyar hankali lokacin da mata suka rubuta game da jikinsu. Wannan gamuwa ta zama muhimmiyar lokaci a rayuwarta kuma daga wannan lokacin, ta rubuta waƙoƙi suna tattauna bangarori daban-daban na mace: jima'i, uwaye, ciki, da mutuwa. A gefe guda, rubutun digirin digirinsa, a kan aikin William Blake, ya zama littafinta na farko, Vision and Verse in William Blake (1965). Daga baya, ta shirya kuma ta rubuta cikakkun waƙoƙin Blake don Penguin Press.  

Ta auri masanin taurari Jeremiah P. Ostriker, wanda ya koyar a Jami'ar Princeton (1971-2001). Suna da 'ya'ya uku: Rebecca (1963), Hauwa'u (1965), da Jibra'ilu (1970).  Ta kasance mazaunin Princeton, New Jersey . 

## Ayyuka da aiki
Ta fara aikin koyarwa a Jami'ar Rutgers a 1965 kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin farfesa a Turanci har sai da ta yi ritaya a 2004. Ostriker ta yanke shawarar neman aiki yayin da take kula da 'ya'yanta wanda ba a saba gani ba a wannan lokacin. Muradin Ostriker, sha'awar rayuwa daban da mahaifiyarta, da kuma kin amincewar mijinta ya bar ta zama uwar gida ya rinjayi ta ta yi wannan zabi. A shekara ta 1969, Holt, Rinehart da Winston ne suka buga tarin *Waƙoƙi* na farko, Songs. Wannan tarin ya ƙunshi waƙoƙin da ta rubuta yayin da take daliba. Waƙoƙinta suna nuna tasirin mawaƙa kamar Gerard Manley Hopkins, John Keats, W.H. Auden, William Blake, da Walt Whitman da suka yi mata da waƙarta.

Tarin waƙoƙinta na biyu da aka buga shi ne Once More Out of Darkness . Yawancin waƙoƙin an rubuta su ne a cikin aya kyauta. Yayinda take rubuta wannan tarin waƙoƙi, Ostriker ta fahimci ra'ayinta na mata. Waƙoƙin da suka hada wannan tarin sun dogara ne akan abubuwan da ta samu na farko na ciki da haihuwa yayin da ta haifi 'ya'yanta biyu na farko watanni 18. Tattaunawar waɗannan batutuwa a cikin waƙoƙinta ya sa ta san gaskiyar cewa ba ta taɓa karanta waƙoƙi game da waɗannan batutuwa ba kuma tana karya haramtacciyar doka. Littafin waƙoƙinta na uku, A Dream of Springtime, yana da waƙoƙi waɗanda suka nuna ci gabanta ta hanyar tattauna yadda ta fito daga baya da kuma gano kanta da asalinta.

Littafin waƙoƙinta na huɗu, The Mother / Child Papers (1980), wani shahararren mata, an yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar haihuwar ɗanta a lokacin Yaƙin Vietnam da makonni bayan Harbe-harbe na Jihar Kent. A ko'ina, tana haɗa tunani game da uwaye tare da tunani game da yaƙi. Ta kuma tattauna mijinta da sauran 'ya'yanta biyu a cikin waƙoƙinta. Wannan tarin ya ba ta damar bincika ainihinta a matsayin mace ta hanyar nazarin rawar da ta taka a matsayin uwa, matar, da farfesa. Ya ɗauki shekaru goma don rubuta waƙoƙin da suka hada wannan tarin yayin da ta sami ƙarin wahayi daga abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin al'umma kamar ƙungiyar mata ta Amurka.

Littattafan Ostriker na wadanda ba ba fiction ba suna bincika yawancin jigogi iri ɗaya da ke bayyana a cikin ayoyinta. Sun hada da Writing Like a Woman (1983), wanda ke bincika waƙoƙin Sylvia Plath, Anne Sexton, H.D., May Swenson da Adrienne Rich, da The Nakedness of the Fathers: Biblical Visions and Revisions (1994), wanda ke kusantar Attaura tare da hankali na tsakiya. Ta rubuta gabatarwa ga Giannina Braschi's Empire of Dreams, waƙoƙin gargajiya na Mutanen Espanya Caribbean (1994). 

Tarin waƙoƙin Ostriker na shida, The Imaginary Lover (1986), ya lashe kyautar William Carlos Williams na Ƙungiyar Waƙoƙi ta Amurka . Waƙoƙin da aka haɗa a cikin wannan tarin suna da muryar mata, mai yiwuwa saboda gaskiyar cewa a lokaci guda, tana yin bincike don littafinta na biyu na sukar mata, Stealing the Language: the Emergence of Women Poets in America . A cikin The Imaginary Lover, Ostriker yayi nazarin tunanin da ke da alaƙa da mace ta hanyar tattauna batutuwa kamar dangantakar uwa da 'yar da aure. The Crack in Everything (1996) ya kasance dan wasan karshe na Kyautar Littafin Kasa, kuma ya lashe Kyautar Waƙoƙin Paterson da Kyautar Cibiyar Waƙoƙi ta Jihar San Francisco . *The Little Space: Waƙoƙin da aka zaɓa da Sabon, 1968-1998* ya kasance kuma dan wasan karshe na Kyautar Littafin Kasa na 1998.

Green Age (1989) shine mafi kyawun tarin waƙoƙin Ostriker. Jigogi da aka bincika a cikin wannan tarin shine lokaci, tarihi da siyasa, da ruhaniya ta ciki da kuma yadda waɗannan suka taimaka mata ta warke. Ostriker ya nuna yadda akwai rashin ruhaniya na mata a cikin addinan gargajiya.

Littafin Ostriker na baya-bayan nan ba fiction ba shine For the Love of God (2007), aikin da ke ci gaba da bincikenta na midrash na matani na Littafi Mai-Tsarki wanda ya fara da Revision Feminist da Littafi Mai-Msarki (1993) da The Nakedness of the Fathers: Biblical Visions and Revisions (1994). Dancing at the Devil's Party (2000) yayi nazarin aikin mawaƙa daga William Blake da Walt Whitman zuwa Maxine Kumin . Da farko a cikin gabatarwa ga littafin, ba ta yarda da ikirarin W. H. Auden cewa shayari ba ya sa komai ya faru. Waƙoƙi, Ostriker ya rubuta, "za su iya tsage zuciya tare da yatsunsu, su sa tarkon jijiyoyi su girgiza, su mamaye mu da bege, fidda rai, sha'awa, soyayya, fushi, tsoro".[1]

**'Waƙoƙin**' Ostriker sun bayyana a cikin jaridu iri-iri, gami da The New Yorker, The Nation, Poetry, American Poetry Review, Paris Review, The Atlantic, Yale Review, *Kenyon Review*, Iowa Review, Shenandoah Review, *Antaeus*, Colorado Review, *Denver Quarterly*, *Boulevard*, Poetary East, New England Review, Santa Monica Review, Triquarterly Review, Seneca Review, *Ms.*, Ontario Review, *Bridges*, *Tikkun*, Prairie Schooner, Gettysburg Review, Lyric, Fencesh.

An fassara waƙoƙin Ostriker iri-iri zuwa Italiyanci, Faransanci, Jamusanci, Mutanen Espanya, Sinanci, Jafananci, Ibrananci da Larabci. An fassara Stealing the Language zuwa Jafananci kuma an buga shi a Japan. Ayyukanta na shekaru hamsin na waka shine batun tarin rubutun da mawaƙa na Amurka da malaman adabi na mata suka yi, mai taken "Kowace Mace Theology nata".[1]

## Daraja, zumunci, da kyaututtuka

* 1964-1965 Ƙungiyar Mata ta Jami'ar Amirka
* 1966 Rutgers University Research Council bazara scholar grant
* 1967 Gidauniyar Amurka don Ci gaban Humanities Matashi Masanin
* 1974, 1976, 1985, 1997, 2000 MacDowell Colony Fellow
* 1976-1977 Gidauniyar Kasa don Fasaha a cikin Waƙoƙi
* 1977 Taron Taron Marubutan Breadloaf
* 1977 Kyautar Majalisar Fasaha ta New Jersey a cikin Waƙoƙi
* 1979 A Dream of Springtime da aka zaba a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyawun ƙananan sunayen jarida
* 1982 Rockefeller Foundation Fellowship for Research in the Humanities
* 1984-1985 Guggenheim Foundation Fellowship for Poetry
* 1986 Kyautar Waƙoƙi ta Strousse, Prairie Schooner
* 1986 Ƙungiyar Waƙoƙi ta Amurka Kyautar William Carlos Williams don Mai ƙauna
* 1987 Kyautar Amintattun Jami'ar Rutgers don Kyakkyawan Bincike
* Lokacin bazara 1987 Gidauniyar Djerassi Mazaunin
* 1992 Kyautar Majalisar Fasaha ta New Jersey a cikin Waƙoƙi
* 1994 Edward Stanley Award, don waƙoƙin da aka buga a Prairie Schooner
* 1994 Gidan Tarihin Yahudawa na Judah Magnes, Berkeley, Anna David Rosenberg Award for Poems on the Jewish Experience. Kyauta ta farko don "Na takwas da na goma sha uku.
* 1995 Kyautar Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Jami'ar Rutgers don Masu ba da gudummawa ga Ilimi na Ƙananan
* 1995-6 Fellow, Cibiyar Nazarin Tarihi ta Rutgers
* 1996-7 Mataimakin Fellow, Cibiyar Nazarin Tarihi ta Rutgers
* 1996 Waƙar a cikin Waƙoƙin Amurka mafi kyau
* 1996 Waƙar a cikin *Littafin Shekara na Waƙoƙin Amurka*
* 1997 Kyautar Waƙoƙi ta Paterson don Crac a cikin Komai*Rashin Aiki a Duk Duk*
* 1998 San Francisco State Poetry Center Award for The Crack in Everything*Rashin Aiki a Duk Duk*
* 1998 Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Karatu don waƙoƙin da aka buga a Prairie Schooner*Jirgin ruwa na Filayen*
* Fabrairu 1999 Gidan zama a Villa Serbelloni, Cibiyar Nazarin Bellagio da Taron, Italiya
* 1999 Waƙar a cikin Pushcart Prize Anthology*Kyautar Pushcart Anthology*
* 2000 Cibiyar Mata ta San Diego don Ci gaba da Ilimi na Yahudawa: Kyautar Kyauta
* Fall 2001 Ziyarar Fellowship, Clare Hall, Cambridge
* 2002 Larry Levis Prize don waƙoƙin da aka buga a Prairie Schooner*Jirgin ruwa na Filayen*
* 2003 Mafi kyawun rubutun Amurka sanannen rubutun don "Milk.
* 2003 Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation Fellow
* 2007 Kyautar waka ta Anderbo
* 2008 Babban Taken Ilimi, Zaɓin Yuni 2008, *Don Ƙaunar Allah.* .
* 2009 Kyautar Littafin Yahudawa ta Kasa a cikin Waƙoƙi don *Littafin Bakwai* 
* 2010 Prairie Schooner Virginia Faulkner Award for Excellence in Writing, don waƙoƙin da aka buga a lokacin rani na 2009.
* 2010 Paterson Award for Sustained Literary Achievement for The Book of Seventy*Littafin Bakwai*
* 2011 An sanya masa suna a cikin jerin "10 Great Jewish Poets" a cikin Lokaci*Lokacin da aka yi*
* Kyautar Littafin Yahudawa ta Kasa ta 2017 a cikin rukunin Waiting for the Light 
* 2018 An kira shi 11th New York State Poet 

### Wadanda suka kammala

* 1996 The Crack in Everything finalist na National Book Award for Poetry 
* 1998 The Little Space finalist na National Book Award for Poetry 
* 1999 The Little Space finalist for Lenore Marshall Prize, Kwalejin Waƙoƙin Amurka

## Bayanan littattafai
 

### Wakoki

#### Tarin abubuwa

*  
* Sau ɗaya Daga Duhu da Sauran Waƙoƙi. Berkeley: Berkeley Poets' Press, 1974.   ISBN&nbsp;
* *Mafarki na Lokacin bazara: Waƙoƙi 1970-1978*. New York: Smith/Horizon Press, 1979.   ISBN&nbsp;
* *Takardun Uwar / Yara*. Los Angeles: Momentum Press, 1980. Rubuce-rubuce. [Hasiya]   ISBN&nbsp;
*  
* Mai son tunani. Pittsburgh: Jami'ar Pittsburgh Press, 1986.   ISBN&nbsp;
* *Shekarar kore.* Pittsburgh: Jami'ar Pittsburgh Press, 1989.   ISBN&nbsp;
* Rashin Aiki a cikin Dukkanin. Pittsburgh: Jami'ar Pittsburgh Press, 1996.   ISBN&nbsp;
* *The Little Space: Waƙoƙin da aka zaɓa da Sabon, 1968-1998*. 1998, Jami'ar Pittsburgh.   ISBN&nbsp;
* *Tsarin Dutsen Volcano.* Pittsburgh: Jami'ar Pittsburgh Press, 2002.   ISBN&nbsp;
* *Babu Sama.* Pittsburgh: Jami'ar Pittsburgh Press, 2005.   ISBN&nbsp;
* *Littafin Bakwai.* Pittsburgh: Jami'ar Pittsburgh Press, 2009,   
* *A Gidan cin abinci na Ru'ya ta Yohanna da Sauran Waƙoƙi*, Marick Press, 2010,   

Littafin Rayuwa: Zaɓaɓɓun Waƙoƙi 1979-2011, Pittsburgh: Jami'ar Pittsburgh Press, 2012

* *Tsohuwar Mace, Tulip, da Dog*, Jami'ar Pittsburgh Press, 2014,   
* Jira don Haske, Jami'ar Pittsburgh Press, 2017,   

#### Waƙoƙi

### Littattafai masu mahimmanci da masu ilimi

* *Bayyanawa da Aya a cikin William Blake .* Madison: Jami'ar Wisconsin Press, 1965,   
* *William Blake: Cikakken Waƙoƙi .* New York: Littattafan Penguin, 1977. An shirya shi tare da Bayani, shafi na 870-1075.  &nbsp; ISBN&nbsp;
*  
* Yin sata da Harshe: Fitowar Waƙoƙin Mata a Amurka . Boston: Beacon 1986,   
* Binciken Mata da Littafi Mai-Tsarki: Bucknell Lectures on Literary Theory . London da Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell 1993.   ISBN&nbsp;
* Empire of Dreams, waƙoƙin Giannina Braschi; gabatarwa ta Alicia Ostriker, Yale University Press, 1994.
*  
* *Yin rawa a Jam'iyyar Iblis: Rubuce-rubuce kan Waƙoƙi, Siyasa da Erotic .* Ann Arbor: Jami'ar Michigan Press Poets on Poetry jerin 2000.
*  

## Al'adun gargajiya

* Waƙar Alicia Ostriker "A Young Woman, a Tree" ta bayyana a cikin Kurt Cobain's post-mortem published Journals. 
* a cikin littafin Spanglish na Giannina Braschi Yo-Yo Boing!  (1998), mawaƙa da masana falsafa sun tattauna yanayin waƙoƙin Amurka kuma sun ambaci sata harshe.

## Manazarta

## Ƙarin karantawa

* *Waƙoƙi a kan Zabura* tare da Alicia Ostriker . Lynn Domina ce ta shirya shi (Trinity University Press, 2008).
* *Zunubi: Zaɓaɓɓun Waƙoƙi na Forugh Farrokhzad* .   ISBN&nbsp;
* *Babu Sama* (Pitt Poetry Series)   
* The Crack In Everything (Pitt Poetry Series)   
* *Takardun Uwar / Yara.* Jami'ar Pittsburgh Press, 2009.   ISBN&nbsp;

## Haɗin waje

* Shafin Gidauniyar Waƙoƙi
* shafi na poets.org
* Shafin Tarihin Mata na Yahudawa