open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
WEEF

**WEEF** (1430 AM) tashar rediyo ce mai lasisi ga Deerfield, Illinois . Tashar tana watsa shirye-shiryen kabilu masu al'adu daban-daban kuma mallakar Polnet Communications, Ltd. ne.

## Tarihi

### Lokacin MOR
WEEF ta fara watsa shirye-shiryen ta p ranar 15 ga watan Agusta, 1963. An ba da lasisin tashar ne ga Highland Park, Illinois, kuma tana gudana 1,000 watts a lokacin rana kawai. Alamar kiran WEEF ta tsaya ga "Eli E. Fink", mai mallakar tashar na asali.   Da farko an watsa shi a tsakiyar hanya (MOR) .   Har zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1970s, an watsa tashar a kan 103.1 WEEF-FM (daga baya WVVX-FM).   A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1967, an sayar da tashar ga Unique Radio, tare da 103.1 WEEF-FM, don $ 350,000.   

### Zamanin dutse mai ci gaba
A watan Yulin 1972, tashar ta yi amfani da tsarin dutsen ci gaba. A lokacin bazara na 1973, an sayar da tashar ga Vanguard Communications, tare da 103.1 WEEF-FM, akan $290,000, kuma aka canza alamar kiranta zuwa WVVX.

### Shirye-shiryen kabilanci
A shekara ta 1977, tashar ta karɓi tsarin kabilanci da yawa. A ranar 25 ga Oktoba, 1977, an canza alamar kiran tashar zuwa WQVQ .  A shekara ta 1978, an sayar da tashar ga Kamfanin Metroweb don $ 260,000. An canza alamar kiran ta zuwa WEEF a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 1979. A shekara ta 1984, an sayar da tashar ga Gordon da Myra Winston don $ 500,000.     A shekara ta 1996, an sayar da tashar ga Leveton Communications don $ 835,000. A shekara ta 2003, an sayar da tashar ga Polnet Communications don dala miliyan 1.1. a cikin ma'amala da Bob Heymann ya yi, wanda a matsayin dalibi mai shekaru 16 na makarantar sakandare ta Highland Park ya fara aiki a WEEF a shekara ta 1969.

## Mai fassara
Ana kuma jin WEEF a kan mai fassara FM a kan 99.1 MHz.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Susan Waffa-Ogoo

**Susan Waffa-Ogoo** (an haife ta a ranar 4 ga watan Oktoba 1960) 'yar siyasa ce 'yar ƙasar Gambiya wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Harkokin Waje ta ƙasar daga watan Nuwamba 2012 zuwa watan Oktoba 2013. Ma'aikaciyar ɗakin karatu ce kafin ta shiga siyasa, an fara naɗa ta a matsayin minista bayan juyin mulkin a shekarar 1994 kuma ta riƙe muƙamai da dama na ministoci a ƙarƙashin Shugaba Yahya Jammeh. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Wakiliyar Dindindin na Gambiya a Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya daga shekarun 2008 zuwa 2012.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Waffa-Ogoo a Serekunda, cikin dangin Aku. Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta St. Joseph, sannan ta fara aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar ɗakin karatu a Kwalejin Yundum.   Daga baya Waffa-Ogoo ta kammala ƙarin karatu a ƙasashen waje, inda ta sami takardar shaidar karatu a ɗakin karatu da nazarin bayanai daga Jami'ar Ghana sannan ta kammala digirin farko a fannin fasaha a wannan fanni daga Jami'ar Loughborough ta Ingila. Yayin da take Ingila, an ɗauke ta aiki a ɗakin karatu na Makarantar Nazarin Gabas da Afirka.  Bayan ta dawo Gambia, ta zama mataimakiyar ɗakin karatu a Kwalejin Gambia, da kuma malamar aiki na ɗan lokaci. 

## Siyasa
Bayan juyin mulkin shekarar 1994, an naɗa Waffa-Ogoo a matsayin Ministar Labarai da Yawon Buɗe Ido a sabuwar gwamnatin da Yahya Jammeh ya kafa.  Tana ɗaya daga cikin mata biyu kacal a cikin majalisar ministoci, tare da Fatoumata Tambajang (Ministar Lafiya).  Ita da Jammeh sun san junansu tun suna yara,  inda wasu majiyoyi suka bayyana ta a matsayin "'yar'uwarsa da aka ɗauke ta".  An canza wa Waffa-Ogoo muƙamin Ministar Yawon Buɗe Ido da Al'adu a shekarar 1996, kuma bayan wani sauyi na minista a watan Agusta na 2000 aka naɗa ta Ministar Kamun Kifi, Albarkatun Ƙasa, da Muhalli. Ta koma cikin harkokin yawon buɗe ido da al'adu a watan Satumba na 2004, amma a watan Fabrairu na 2006 an cire ta daga majalisar gaba ɗaya aka maye gurbinta da Angela Colley (tsohuwar ɗalibarta). Waffa-Ogoo ta koma majalisar ministoci a watan Oktoban 2006, a matsayin Ministar Ciniki, Masana'antu, da Aiki, amma an sake korarta a watan Fabrairun 2007. 

A watan Afrilun 2008, an naɗa Waffa-Ogoo a matsayin Wakiliyar Dindindin ta Gambia a Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya.  Da farko an naɗa ta Babbar Kwamishiniya a Indiya, amma ba ta karɓi wannan naɗin ba kafin a naɗa ta a wannan matsayin.  A watan Nuwamban 2012, Waffa-Ogoo ta bar matsayinta na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya domin a sake naɗa ta a matsayin Ministar Harkokin Waje.  Ita ce mace ta farko da ta riƙe wannan matsayi.  Duk da haka, ta yi aiki ƙasa da shekara ɗaya kafin a cire ta, ana kyautata zaton bayan Jammeh ya ƙi amincewa da yadda ta tafiyar da rikici da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka. 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin ministocin harkokin waje mata

## Manazarta
Simona Duque na Alzate

**Simona de la Luz Duque de Alzate** (30 Maris 1773 - 17 Janairu 1858)  ɗan juyin juya hali ne na Colombia.

Duque 'yar Andrés Duque ce, masu filaye a yankin, da kuma María Rincón.  Ta auri Antonio Alzate. Duque ta zama babbar alama ta Yaƙin 'Yancin Kai na Colombia, ta hanyar haifan 'ya'yanta biyar daga cikin shida ga Laftanar Kanar José María Córdova na wancan lokacin, wanda wannan aikin ya burge shi, kuma ƙaunar ƙasar ta yarda ta haɗa su cikin sojojin 'yan tawaye.

Córdova, tana ƙoƙarin nuna ayyukan alheri na Doña Simona, ta rubuta wa Janar Francisco de Paula Santander wasiƙa inda ta lura cewa: "Irin wannan babban siffa ta ƙaunar ƙasa ta cancanci kulawa daga gwamnati" [1] don haka Janar Santander ya ba da umarnin cewa matar ta sami cikakken kuɗin shiga har tsawon rayuwarta godiya ga irin wannan babban siffa ta ƙaunar ƙasarta. Duk da kuma duk da tsufanta, Doña Simona ta ƙi karɓar wannan fansho yayin da take iya aiki, duk da haka, tana fuskantar matsin lamba na wahalarta, a ƙarshe ta yarda.

Doña Simona ta mutu a Marinilla a ranar 17 ga Janairu, 1858, tana da shekaru 85. A kan gadon mutuwarta, ɗanta Salvador ya tambaye ta umarnin da za ta bari idan ta mutu, kuma cikin muryar mutuwa, ko da yake a bayyane take, ta ce: Bari 'ya'yana su yi wa ƙasar hidima a duk lokacin da nake buƙatarsu. 

## Manazarta
Lynda Cash

**Lynda Cash** (an haife ta a 1949 or 1950 (age 75–76)  ) ita ce mutum na farko da aka sani da yin canjin jinsi a cikin rundunar sojojin ruwa ta Royal Navy . Ta yi aiki a Yaƙin Falklands yayin da take bayyana kanta a matsayin namiji kuma aka ƙi ta daga aikin rundunar sojojin ruwa ta Royal Navy. 

Asalinta daga Bolton ce, Lancashire kuma tana aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin gyaran jiki. Cash ta shiga rundunar sojojin ruwa ta Royal Navy a shekarar 1971. Ta yi aure kuma ta haifi ɗa ɗaya. A lokacin Yaƙin Falklands, a shekarar 1982, ta yi aiki a HMS Invincible tana kula da sojojin da suka ji rauni sosai.

A shekarar 1986, Cash ta fara canzawa kuma an sallame ta daga rundunar sojojin ruwa. An yi mata tiyatar sake sanya mata aiki a shekarar 1988. Daga nan Cash ta yi aiki a North Manchester Healthcare NHS Trust. Ta haɗu da saurayinta a wata tafiya zuwa Chester amma ta jira shekaru biyar kafin ta gaya masa game da asalinta na canza jinsi. Ya zaɓi ya zauna tare da ita.

Cash tana da abubuwan da suka faru a lokacin yaƙi da kuma matsalolin damuwa bayan tashin hankali . A shekarar 1999, ta ɗaukaka ƙara zuwa kotu tana da'awar korar ta ba bisa ƙa'ida ba da kuma sakaci a fannin lafiya. An yi watsi da wannan ikirari. Daga nan ta ɗaukaka ƙara bisa dalilan wariyar jinsi, amma aka yi watsi da ita bisa dalilin cewa lokacin ya ƙare a shekarar 1995. Daga nan ta nemi fanshon rashin lafiya domin damuwa ce bayan tashin hankali maimakon canjin jinsi da ta yi ne ya sa ba ta dace ta ci gaba da zama a rundunar sojojin ruwa ba. Wata wasiƙa daga sakatariyar ma'aikatan rundunar sojojin ruwa ta ce: "Saboda matsalar damuwa bayan tashin hankali da ta faru ba a gano ta ba ko kuma ba a gane ta ba, matsalar rashin lafiyar jinsi da kuma tasirinta sun zama babban dalilin da ya sa ta magance matsalarsa ta hanyar gudanarwa". An ba ta £68,000 a matsayin kuɗin fansho na baya.

## Manazarta
Christine Churcher

**Christine Churcher** (an haife ta a ranar 21 ga watan Satumba, 1954) 'yar siyasa ce a Ghana. Ta kasance 'yar majalisa a mazaɓar Cape Coast a yankin Tsakiyar Ghana a majalisa ta 2, ta 3, ta 4 da ta 5 a Jamhuriyar Ghana.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Churcher a ranar 21 ga watan Satumba, 1954.  Ta halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Kwesi Plange wacce aka fi sani da Makarantar Shirye-shiryen Tunawa da Pere Planque da ke Cape Coast daga shekarun 1959 zuwa 1965. Tsakanin shekarun 1965 da 1972 ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Mfanstiman. Tsakanin shekarun 1975 da 1978, Churcher ta yi karatun Turanci da tarihi a Jami'ar Ghana kuma ta kammala karatunta cikin nasara. Daga baya, Churcher ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Falsafa a fannin ilimin manya a Jami'ar Ghana. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Aiki
Churcher ƴar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Ghana.  Ta riƙe muƙamai daban-daban na minista a ƙasar Ghana. Ta yi aiki a matsayin tsohuwar Ministar Muhalli da Kimiyya.  Ta kuma yi aiki a Hukumar Gudanarwa ta Kamfanin Gas na Ghana.   Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Ilimi ta Ƙasa. 

## Siyasa
Churcher ta wakilci mazaɓar Cape Coast a yankin Tsakiyar Ghana a majalisun dokoki na 2, 3 da 4 na jamhuriya ta 4 ta Ghana.

### Zaɓe
An fara zaɓen Churcher a Majalisar Dokoki bisa ga zaɓen Jam'iyyar New Patriotic Party a lokacin zaɓen gama gari na Ghana na watan Disamba 1996 na Mazaɓar Cape Coast a Yankin Tsakiyar Ghana. Ta samu ƙuri'u 30,496 cikin ƙuri'u 56,428 masu inganci da aka jefa, wanda ya wakilci kashi 46.20% akan abokin hamayyarta S.Valis-Akyianu, ɗan jam'iyyar NDC wanda shi ma ya sami ƙuri'u 25,932. 

An zaɓi Churcher a matsayin 'yar majalisa ta uku a jamhuriya ta huɗu ta Ghana a zaɓen gama gari na Ghana na mazaɓar Cape Coast ta Kudu a shekarar 2000 bisa ga jam'iyyar New Patriotic Party (NPP) da jimillar ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa na ƙuri'u 31,573, wanda ke wakiltar kashi 55.70% akan abokan hamayyarta.  An kuma zaɓe ta a matsayin 'yar majalisa ta huɗu a jamhuriya ta huɗu ta Ghana a zaɓen gama gari na Ghana na  shekarar 2004.   Ta haka ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar majalisa a mazaɓar Cape Coast daga 7 ga watan Janairu 2005 zuwa ranar 6 ga watan Janairu 2009.  An zaɓe ta da ƙuri'u 36,264 daga cikin ƙuri'u 70,866 da aka jefa. Wannan ya yi daidai da kashi 51.2% na ƙuri'un da aka jefa.   An zaɓe ta a kan MacDonald Konns Tongo na Babban Taron Jama'a, Ebo Barton-Odro na National Democratic Congress da Araba Bentsi-Enchill Safohen na Jam'iyyar Convention People's Party. Waɗannan sun sami kashi 0.8%, 44.5% da 3.5% bi da bi na jimillar ƙuri'un da aka jefa.   An zaɓi Churcher a matsayin wacce zata yi takarar Sabuwar Jam'iyyar Patriotic Party.  Mazaɓar ta wani ɓangare ne na mazaɓu 16 da Sabuwar Jam'iyyar Patriotic Party ta lashe a yankin Tsakiya a wannan zaɓen.  A duka, Sabuwar Jam'iyyar Patriotic Party ta lashe jimillar kujerun majalisa 128 a majalisar dokoki ta 4 a jamhuriya ta 4 ta Ghana. 

### Naɗin jakadu
A shekarar 2021, Churcher ta zama jakadiyar Ghana a Jamhuriyar Benin. 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin 'yan siyasar Ghana

## Manazarta
Ñusta Huillac

**Ñusta Huillac** shugaban Qulla ne wanda ya yi tawaye ga Sifaniyawa a Hamadar Atacama ( yankin Tarapacá na yanzu, Chile) a cikin shekarun 1780. &#x5B; *&#x20;&#x2013; tattauna* &#x5D; An yi mata laƙabi da **La Tirana** (Spanish don "Azzalumi") saboda zargin da ake mata na cin zarafin fursunoni . Kalmar nústa ta fito ne daga harsunan Quechuan kuma (wanda aka rubuta *núst'a* ) suna ne na 'ya'yan sarakuna a Daular Inca .

A cewar tatsuniya, ta kamu da soyayya da Vasco de Almeida, ɗaya daga cikin fursunoninta, kuma ta roƙi mutanenta a madadinsa. Bayan mutuwar mahaifinta, ta zama shugabar ƙungiyar tsoffin Incas waɗanda aka kawo Chile don haƙo azurfar Huantajaya . [1] Kabilu da yawa sun yi mata alƙawarin haɗin gwiwa kuma ta zama alamar juriya ga mulkin Spain .

## Manazarta
Francisca Güemes

**Francisca Güemes** (1779–1871) mace ce 'yar Argentina da ta shiga cikin fafutukar neman 'yancin kai daga Spain. 'Yar'uwar Martín Miguel de Güemes, ita, tare da 'yar uwarta Macacha Güemes, ana ɗaukarta a matsayin jarumar Yaƙin 'Yancin Kan Argentina saboda shiga cikin Yaƙin Gaucha a lokacin yaƙin 'yancin kai. 

Lokacin da take 'yar shekara 16 kacal, ta kafa jaridar Sancho Panza tare. [1] A shekara ta 1809, ta auri wani janar, Sebastián Fructuoso de Figueroa y Toledo Pimentel. [2]

## Manazarta
Gaitana

**Gaitana**, wacce aka fi sani da **Guaitipan** da **La Gaitana**, ta kasance *shugabar* 'yan asalin ƙasar a ƙarni na 16 a yankin Timaná, Huila.   Duk da cewa wasu masana sun yi imanin cewa tana iya zama jarumar almara, wasu littattafan tarihi guda biyu sun ba da rahoton cewa a shekara ta 1539-40 ta jagoranci 'yan asalin ƙasar Kwarin Kogin Upper Magdalena a Colombia a cikin gwagwarmayar yaƙi da mulkin mallaka daga 'yan Sifaniya .   Abin tunawa da Rodrigo Arenas ya sassaka yana tsaye a Neiva, babban birnin Ma'aikatar Huila a Colombia.

## Zamanin kafin Columbia

A cewar masana tarihi na Spain, a lokacin da aka mamaye yankin Huila na zamani, al'ummomi daban-daban na asali suna zaune a  . (tare da mayaka kusan 6,000), Avirama, Pinao, Guanaca, da Paez sun zauna a arewacin Kogin Magdalena, tare da tarin jama'a daga baya a kusa da Kogin La Plata. Kudancin Kogin Magdalena akwai Andaquí da Timaná, kuma a gabas akwai Pijao .

## Mamayar Sipaniya
Pedro de Añasco wani mayakin ƙasar Sipaniya ne, wanda Sebastián de Belalcázar ya aika don ya ci nasara—kuma ya sami mulkin mallaka a—ƙasar da ake kira Timaná a yau domin ƙirƙirar hanyar kasuwanci ta cikin kwarin Magdalena .  'Yan asalin yankin sun yi adawa da wannan mamayar sosai.  

De Añasco ya buƙaci dukkan shugabannin ƙabilar su ba shi babban haraji. Ɗan La Gaitana shine *shugaban* ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ƙabilun, wataƙila Yalcón.  Bai sami damar tattara adadin harajin da ake buƙata ba, don haka De Añasco ya ba da umarnin a ƙone shi da rai a gaban mahaifiyarsa.  Cacica Gaitana, shugaban ƙabilar da ya rage, ya tafi don ɗaukar fansa. 

Kisan ɗan Gaitana ya haifar da fushi tsakanin ƙabilun 'yan asalin ƙasar, waɗanda suka yanke shawarar haɗa ƙarfi da ƙarfi kan 'yan Spain. An kai wa Añasco da mutanensa hari cikin mamaki. An kashe mutanen kuma an cire idanun Añasco aka ja su a cikin ƙauyen har sai da ya mutu.

Duk da haka, ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin 'yan asalin ƙasar, cacique Matambo, ya gargaɗi 'yan Spain game da shirye-shiryen da ake yi musu, wanda hakan ya sa aka murkushe sojojin 'yan asalin ƙasar, kuma aka lalata sauran 'yan asalin ƙasar a hankali ta hanyar bauta da ƙuraje da sauran cututtukan Turai. 'Yan dubban zuriyarsu sun bazu a ko'ina cikin kudu maso yammacin Colombia kamar mutanen zamani na Paez, Guambiano, da Pijao, da sauransu.

## Manazarta
Joyce Aryee

**Joyce Rosalind Aryee** (an haife ta a ranar 27 ga watan Maris 1946) tsohuwar 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Ghana, babbar jami'ar kasuwanci, kuma minista. An san Aryee da yin aiki a Ghana fiye da shekaru 40 a ɓangarorin gwamnati da masu zaman kansu.  Daga shekarun 2001 zuwa 2011, ta yi aiki a matsayin babbar jami'ar gudanarwa ta ƙungiyar ma'adinai ta Ghana   kuma ita ce mace ta farko a Afirka da ta riƙe wannan muƙamin. Ta kuma riƙe muƙaman siyasa a Ghana tun farkon gwamnatin Majalisar Tsaron Ƙasa ta Wucin Gadi (PNDC). A halin yanzu ita ce babbar darekta a Ma'aikatar Gishiri da Haske,  wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta.  Ita memba ce ta Majalisar Girmamawa ta Ƙungiyar Masu Ba da Shawara kan Sake Tsarin Mulki da Rashin Kuɗi ta Ghana. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haife ta a hannun mahaifiyar Fante kuma mahaifinta Ga, Joyce Aryee ita ce ta biyu a cikin 'ya'ya huɗu.   A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, ta zauna tare da iyalinta a North Suntreso, Kumasi, inda ta fara karatunta na farko a Makarantar Firamare ta Methodist da Makarantar Middle ta Methodist. Daga baya ta tafi Makarantar Achimota kuma ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1969 daga Jami'ar Ghana, Legon, tare da digirin farko na Fasaha (BA) a Turanci. 

## Aiki

### Farkon aikinta
A lokacin karatunta a Jami'ar Ghana, Aryee ta yi aikin hutu a Majalisar Jarrabawar Yammacin Afirka a Ofishin Ci Gaban Gwaji da Bincike (TDRO). Ta kuma yi aiki a Hukumar Gidajen Tarihi da Monuments ta Ghana tare da gwamnati. Daga shekarun 1976 zuwa 1981, ta yi aiki a matsayin Jami'ar Hulɗa da Jama'a a sabuwar Majalisar Kare Muhalli da aka kafa a wancan lokacin. Daga baya, ta koma Hukumar Kula da Ka'idojin Ghana (wanda a yanzu ita ce Hukumar Kula da Ka'idojin Ghana) a matsayin Jami'ar Hulɗa da Jama'a. 

## Manazarta
Dzifa Ativor

**Dzifa Aku Attivor** (22 ga Fabrairu 1956 - 15 ga watan Nuwamba 2021)  'yar siyasa ce kuma 'yar kasuwa 'yar ƙasar Ghana. Ta kasance Ministar Sufuri a Ghana har zuwa lokacin da ta yi murabus a watan Disamba 2015 saboda wata takaddama kan kwangilar sake fasalin bas.  Shugaba John Mahama ne ya naɗa ta a watan Fabrairu 2013 bayan babban zaɓen Ghana a watan Disamba 2012.  

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Dzifa Aku Attivor a ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairu, 1956. Ta fara karatunta na asali a Makarantar Firamare ta Evangelical Presbyterian da ke Abutia-Teti tsakanin shekarun 1960 da 1970.  Karatunta na sakandare a makarantar sakandare ta Kpedze da kuma Makarantar Sakandare ta Peki, duka a Yankin Volta na Ghana a tsakanin shekarun 1970 da 1975. Daga nan ta yi horo a Makarantar Sakandare ta Gwamnati inda ta cancanci zama Sakatariya Mai Horar da Masu Horarwa a shekarar 1981. Daga baya ta sami Difloma ta Sakatare ta Azurfa daga Kwalejin Pitman ta Burtaniya. Ta kammala karatun digirinta daga Jami'ar American Century inda ta sami digiri na farko a fannin Gudanarwa a shekarar 2007 da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Albarkatun Ɗan Adam a shekarar 2012. 

## Aiki
Attivor ta yi aiki da Bankin Ghana daga shekarun 1976 zuwa 2003 a matsayin ma'aikaciyar bincike sannan kuma a matsayin Mataimakiyar Kai ga Mataimakan Gwamnoni uku da suka yi aiki a jere.  Ta kuma zama Mataimakiyar Kai ga Shugabar Ma'aikatar Baitulmali wacce ke kula da dukkan ayyukan gudanarwa na ofisoshi a banki ɗaya. 

### Ministar Sufuri
Attivor ta kasance memba na National Democratic Congress. Ta fafata a zaɓen fidda gwani na mazaɓar Ho West na NDC a shekarar 2008 amma ta sha kaye a hannun Emmanuel Kwasi Bedzrah wanda daga baya ya lashe zaɓen a watan Disamba a shekarar 2008.  Duk da haka, marigayi Shugaba John Atta Mills ya naɗa ta Mataimakiyar Ministar Sufuri daga shekarun 2009 zuwa Janairu 2012.    Bayan John Dramani Mahama ya zama shugaban ƙasa, an naɗa ta Ministar Sufuri.     Ta yi murabus daga gwamnati a watan Disamba a shekarar 2015 bayan takaddama kan kwangilar gwamnati don sake fasalin motocin bas.  

## Manazarta
Barbara Serwaa Asamoah

**Barbara Serwaa Asamoah** (an haife ta a ranar 18 ga watan Fabrairu) lauya ce kuma 'yar siyasa ''yar ƙasar Ghana. Ita memba ce a jam'iyyar National Democratic Congress (NDC) kuma ita ce mataimakiyar Sakatare Janar na jam'iyyar a halin yanzu.  

A watan Oktoban 2025 aka rantsar da ita a matsayin memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na Hukumar Sadarwa ta Ƙasa (NCA). 

## Siyasa
A shekarar 2013, an zaɓe ta aka naɗa ta a matsayin mataimakiyar Ministar Ƙasa da Albarkatun Ƙasa,  rawar da ta taka har zuwa lokacin da jam'iyyarta, National Democratic Congress ta sha kaye a zaɓen shekarar 2016 sannan aka miƙa ta ga gwamnati mai zuwa a shekarar 2017.    A ranar 19 ga watan Disamba, 2022, Barbara Serwaa Asamoah, mataimakiyar Sakatare Janar ta National Democratic Congress (NDC), ta yi watsi da ikirarin cewa rashin nasarar Samuel Ofosu-Ampofo a National Delegates Congress ya faru ne saboda rashin iya aiki. 

## Manazarta
Hirut Kassaw

**Hirut Kassaw**  'Yar siyasa ce 'yar Habasha wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Ma'aikatar Al'adu da Yawon Buɗe Ido ta Habasha daga watan Oktoba 2018 zuwa ranar 6 ga watan Oktoba 2021.  Kafin ta zama Minista, Hirut ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar farfesa a Jami'ar Bahir Dar. Ma'aikatar da take jagoranta ta sami lambar yabo daga Ƙungiyar Marubutan Tafiya ta Pacific (PATWA). Ta kuma lashe kyautar "Mafi Kyawun Ministar Yawon Buɗe Ido".

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Hirut kuma ta girma a Kefoy, Kudancin Gondar, Habasha. An haife ta a ƙauye, amma tun tana ƙarama ta sami damar ƙaura zuwa birni saboda mahaifinta ma'aikacin gwamnati ne. Ta kammala karatunta na firamare da sakandare a Debre Tabor. Bayan kammala karatunta na sakandare, ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta a sassa daban-daban na Habasha, kuma lokacin da take koyarwa a Sebeta ta shiga Kwalejin Ilimi ta Malamai ta Kotebe, Addis Abeba, kuma ta sami digirin farko a fannin Harshe da Adabi na Habasha. Tana kuma da digirin Masters daga Jami'ar Bahir Dar da kuma Phd daga Jami'ar Addis Ababa.

## Aiki
Hirut ta fara koyarwa a Makarantar Sakandare ta Tulubolo da ke yankin kudu maso yammacin Shoa. Ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta tsawon shekaru 25 a sassa daban-daban na Habasha, Woliso, Injibara, da Sebeta.  Yayin da ta kammala digirinta na biyu a Jami'ar Bahir Dar, ta zama malamar harshen Amharic. Bayan ta yi aiki na tsawon shekaru huɗu, ta bar Jami'ar Bahir Dar, ta shiga Jami'ar Addis Ababa don bin diddigin digirinta na uku a fannin Falsafa.

Hirut ta kasance shugabar Ofishin Al'adu da Yawon Buɗe Ido na Jihar Amhara ta Ƙasa kafin a naɗa ta a ma'aikatar da ta jagoranta tun daga watan Oktoban 2018.

## Kyaututtuka
Ma'aikatar Al'adu da Yawon Buɗe Ido, wacce take jagoranta, an ba ta kyautar ne daga Ƙungiyar Marubutan Tafiye-tafiye ta Pacific (PATWA) a Hukumar Kula da Yawon Buɗe Ido ta Duniya (ITB) da ke Berlin a shekarar 2020. An kuma ba ta lambar yabo ta "Mafi Kyawun Ministan Yawon Buɗe Ido a 2019"  wanda ya fito daga Gidauniyar Street of Gold.

## Manazarta
Edith Lagos

**Edith Lagos** was a Peruvian Guerrilla fighter who was a member of the party Shining Path (Spanish: Sendero Luminoso), one of the multiple  Communist Parties of Peru.  Lagos was a prominent promoter of the group's agenda.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Legas a Ayacucho ga wani iyali mai arziki. Ta yi karatun lauya a Jami'ar San Martín de Porres da ke Lima kafin ta fice ta shiga Shining Path  

A shekarar 1980, Lagos ta tsere daga gidan yarin Ayacucho bayan da wani rukunin sojoji na Shining Path ya hura rami a bangon gidan yarin. Ta shafe shekaru biyu tana tallata Shining Path da kuma shiga cikin ayyukansu.

A shekarar 1982, an kashe Legas a Umaca, Peru, a wani musayar wuta da 'yan sanda da jami'an tsaro . [1] An binne ta a Ayacucho. An kiyasta cewa mutane har 30,000 ne suka halarci jana'izar. Daga baya rundunar Rodrigo Franco ta kai harin bam a kabarin Lago. [2]

## Manazarta
Antonia Moreno Leyva

**Antonia Moreno Leyva** (1848-1916) ita ce matar shugaban ƙasar Peru daga 1886 zuwa 1890 ta hanyar aurenta da shugaba Andrés Avelino Cáceres .

Kafin ta zama shugabar ƙasa, mijinta ya halarci Yaƙin Tekun Pacific (1879–1883), kuma ta raka shi a yakin Breña na 1881. A lokacin da mijinta bai nan, ta shiga yaƙi sosai kuma ta jagoranci bataliyoyin . [1] Ita kaɗai ce mace da aka binne a Cripta de los Héroes del Cementerio Presbítero Maestro , makabartar jaruman yaƙi , bayan izini na musamman ya ba da damar hakan.

## Manazarta
Sinknesh Ejigu

**Sinknesh Ejigu Wolde-Mariam** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1956) 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Habasha, ƙwararriya a fannin sinadarai, 'yar kasuwa kuma jami'ar diflomasiyya.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife ta a Ambo da ke yammacin Addis Ababa, ga iyali mai mutum takwas a shekarar 1956. Mahaifinta, Ejigu Wolde-Mariam, jami'in soja ne, don haka iyalan sun yi ƙaura a Habasha sosai. Iyayenta ba su da ilimi sosai amma sun ƙarfafa 'ya'yansu su nemi ilimi mai ƙarfi. Ta halarci makarantun firamare daban-daban. A Makarantar Sakandare ta Princess Tenagnework Comprehensive, wata malamar Indiya ta ƙarfafa sha'awarta ga kimiyya da sinadarai. Ejigu ta yi rajista a Jami'ar Addis Ababa a shekarar 1973, inda aka tura ta sashen lissafi amma aka mayar da ita sashen sinadarai a shekararta ta biyu. 

A tsakiyar juyin juya halin da aka yi a shekarar 1974, an tura ta zuwa gonaki don yin aiki tare da manoma. Saboda tsananin halin da ake ciki a ƙasar a wancan lokacin, ta bar jami'a don yin aikin koyar da kimiyyar jiki. Daga baya, ta sami aiki a masana'antar harhaɗa magunguna ta Habasha a matsayin mai nazarin sinadarai. Bayan ta bar aikinta a fannin harhaɗa magunguna, ta sami digirin farko a fannin kimiyyar sinadarai daga Jami'ar Addis Ababa a shekarar 1980. Ejigu ta zama ƙaramar mai nazarin kimiyyar ƙasa a dakin gwaje-gwaje na binciken ƙasa na Habasha.  Ta sami digirin biyu a fannin nazarin sinadarai a shekarar 1988 a Jami'ar East Anglia.  Bayan ta kammala karatunta, ta shiga Sashen Nazarin Ruwa da Zafin Jiki a Ma'aikatar Ma'adinai kuma ba da daɗewa ba aka ɗaga ta zuwa shugabar sashen, wanda ba kasafai ake samun mace a lokacin ba. Ta zama Mataimakiyar Minista a Ma'aikatar Ma'adinai da Makamashi a watan Yunin 1998. 

Ita mamba ce a ƙungiyar dimokuraɗiyya ta Oromo Peoples' Democratic Organization kuma ta kasance mamba a Majalisar Wakilan Jama'a mai wakiltar Dendi, Yammacin Shewa, Oromia.  An naɗa ta Ministar Ma'adinai a Majalisar Ministocin Habasha a shekarar 2010. Babban aikinta a matsayin minista shi ne gano ainihin bayanan kimiyyar ƙasa na Habasha, don haɓaka binciken ma'adinai da man fetur, da kuma ba da izini ga masu zuba jari da ke neman samun kuɗi a fannin haƙar ma'adinai.  Saboda iliminta a fannin kimiyya, ta sami damar gudanar da ayyukan kimiyya kai tsaye ba wai kawai ma'aikatan ma'aikatar ba. A tsawon tarihin Habasha gwamnati ta kan yi amfani da noma don ci gaba, amma ta fara mai da hankali kan haƙar ma'adinai lokacin da aka naɗa Ejignu.  A shekarar 2012, ta shiga cikin takaddama da kamfanin PetroTrans da ke Hong Kong bayan ta soke lasisin su tunda suna ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo a wani aiki. 

A shekarar 2014, ta zama jakadiyar Habasha a Brazil, Argentina da Chile.  Ejignu kuma Darakta ce a Kamfanin Wutar Lantarki na Habasha. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Tana auren wani mutum da ta haɗu da shi a Jami'ar Addis Ababa kuma tana da 'ya'ya biyu. 

## Manazarta
Elena Yparraguirre

**Elena Albertina Yparraguirre Revoredo**  ; an haife shi 14 Satumba 1947), kuma aka sani da " **Miriam** " ( Spanish   ;  ), babban memba ne na jam'iyyar juyin juya halin Maoist ta Peru Sendero Luminoso (Hasken Hanya).

## Rayuwa
Yparraguirre, wata babbar mace a cikin Shining Path, ta zama ta biyu a matsayin shugaba, da kuma masoyin Abimael Guzmán kuma matar sa bayan mutuwar matarsa ta farko Augusta la Torre a shekarar 1988.

Ta auri Guzmán, wanda aka fi sani da Shugaba Gonzalo, daga shekarar 1989 har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 2021. A shekarar 2014, ta buga littafin *Memorias desde Némesis*, wanda ke ba da labarin abubuwan da suka faru. 

An kama Yparraguirre a Lima a shekarar 1992 tare da abokin aikinta, Abimael Guzmán, wanda ya kafa Shining Path. A shekarar 1992, kotun soji ta sirri ta yanke mata hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai. [1] An ba ta sabuwar shari'a a kotun farar hula a shekarar 2004, amma shari'ar ta ƙare a zaman shari'a na wucin gadi. Bayan shari'a ta uku a shekarar 2006, Yparraguirre da Guzmán sun sake samun hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai. [2]

## Manazarta
Paula Jaraquemada

**Paula Jaraquemada Alquizar** (1768–1851) ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan kishin ƙasa na Chile a gwagwarmayar neman 'yancin kai daga Spain .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife shi a Santiago a ranar 18 ga Yuni 1768, Jaraquemada 'yar Domingo de Jaraquemada ce da Cecilia de Alguizar.  Ta kasance dangi ga Iyalin Carrera . 

A ƙarshen 'yancin kai na Chile, Paula, wacce take da shekaru 50, ta karɓi rundunar sojojin Patriot a cikin hacienda a Paine ( Maipo ). Ta ba su mafaka bayan shan kaye a Yaƙin Cancha Rayada, a ranar 19 ga Maris 1818, ta kare su daga hannun 'yan Spain.  

Ta samar da kayan aiki da kuma farfaɗo da sojojin, ta taimaka wa dawaki kuma ta umarci bayinta su kasance cikin wannan rundunar. Babban nasarar da ta samu ita ce ta yi mu'amala da wani kyaftin ɗan ƙasar Sipaniya, wanda ya isa wurinta don tara kayan aiki ga sojojinsa. Kyaftin ɗin ya nemi makullan rumbun ajiyarta, amma ta musanta cewa "Ba zan taɓa ba ku makullin ba. Babu wanda, sai ni, ke ba da umarni a wannan gidan." Jami'in ya yi watsi da amsarta kuma ya sake ba da umarnin makullan. Paula ba ta yi kasa a gwiwa ba a muhawarar, ta ɗauki ɗaya daga cikin bayoneti ɗin daga wani soja ta saka a ƙirjinta. Ta ce, ta fi son mutuwa maimakon karɓar umarnin. [1]

Ana kallon Jaraquemada a matsayin wata alama ta mace 'yar ƙasar Chile da ke tsayawa tsayin daka kan mulki kamar Inés Suárez da Javiera Carrera . Har yanzu ana ambatonta a matsayin abin koyi ga masu zanga-zangar zamani game da cin zarafi. 

## Rayuwa bayan 'Yanci
A cikin shekarun ƙarshe na rayuwarta, Paula Jaraquemada ta sadaukar da kanta ga ayyukan agaji, tana ziyartar marayu da marasa gida. A gidan gyaran hali na mata da ke Santiago, ta sami muhimman ci gaba ga fursunonin. 

## Girmamawa

* A El Bosque, an sanya wa makarantar yara da kuma wani titi suna saboda ita. 
* A Santiago, akwai wani asibiti mai suna " Asibitin San Borja Arriarán " wanda da farko ake kira "Asibitin Paula Jaraquemada".
* Ana sanya wa makarantu da yawa suna da sunanta, wasu daga cikinsu suna cikin Quilicura,  Paine,  Recoleta,  Iquique  da Peñalolen. 

## Manazarta
Demitu Hambisa Bonsa

**Demitu Hambisa Bonsa** 'yar siyasa ce 'yar ƙasar Habasha, wacce ta riƙe muƙamai da dama na minista a ƙarƙashin Firayim Minista Hailemariam Desalegn da Abiy Ahmed, waɗanda suka haɗa da Ministar Jinsi, Ministar Harkokin Majalisar Ministoci da kuma Ministar Kimiyya da Bincike.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Hambisa ta girma a jihar Oromia kuma 'yar ƙabilar Oromo ce. Bayan kammala makaranta, ta yi karatun lauya a Jami'ar Ayyukan Jama'a ta Habasha, sannan ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Jagoranci daga Jami'ar Greenwich. Bayan kammala karatunta na ilimi, Hambisa ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta a makarantar sakandare daga shekarun 1975 zuwa 1996. A tsakiyar shekarun 1990, ta bar aikinta na malamar makaranta ta koma wakiltar mata a matakin gundumar gudanarwa, inda daga baya ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugabar hukumar kula da ilimi ta gundumar. Daga shekarun 2000 zuwa 2005, ta yi aiki a matakin jiha a gwamnatin Oromia, inda ta yi aiki, da sauransu, a ofishin hukumar ombudsman kuma ta kasance mai magana da yawun majalisar yankin Oromia.   

A shekarar 2006, Hambisa ta koma gwamnatin tarayya ta Habasha, inda ta fara jagorantar sashen kimiyya da bincike. Ta kuma jagoranci Ma'aikatar Kamfanonin Jama'a.  A lokacin da take kan mulki, ta binciko alaƙar da ke tsakanin masana'antun jiragen ruwa na Vietnam da Habasha,  da kuma yuwuwar samun kusancin hulɗa da Indonesia.  Daga shekarun 2016 zuwa 2018, ta riƙe muƙamin Ministar Jinsi.    Ta kasance mai faɗa a ji game da matsalolin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma alaƙarsu da rashin daidaiton jinsi.  A shekarar 2019, ta riƙe muƙamin Ministar Harkokin Majalisar Ministoci.  A shekarar 2021, gwamnatin Habasha ta naɗa ta a matsayin jakadiya. 

A watan Fabrairun 2022, ta gabatar da takardun shaidarta a matsayin jakadiyar Habasha a ƙasar Croatia.

## Manazarta
Amanda Peralta

**Amanda Beatriz Peralta**, wacce aka fi sani da **la Negra**, (1939–2009) ta kasance mayaƙin 'yan daba na Argentina kuma daga baya ta zama malamar jami'a a Sweden. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa rundunar sojojin Peronist ko Fuerzas Armadas Peronistas (FAP) waɗanda suka yi yaƙi da mulkin kama-karya na soja a Argentina. Bayan ta tsere daga gidan yari, ta isa Sweden a shekarar 1977 inda ta ci gaba da goyon bayan manufarta. Ta yi karatun tarihin siyasa a Jami'ar Gothenburg, tana gudanar da bincike kan siyasar bayan mulkin mallaka.   

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Amanda Beatriz Peralta a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba, 1939, a San Carlos de Bolívar, Argentina. A lokacin da take ɗaliba a La Planta daga 1925, ta yi fafutukar kawo sauyi a zamantakewa a matsayin memba na Federación de Estudiantes na jami'ar. Ta riga ta fara yakin neman zabenta yayin da take makarantar sakandare.  A shekarar 1968, bayan juyin mulkin soja da ya hambarar da Shugaba Arturo Illia a 1966, Peralta ta yi gwagwarmaya da mulkin kama-karya na soja. An kama ta aka kuma daure ta amma lauyanta ya sami nasarar shigar da bindiga a hannunta wadda ta saba tserewa. Ta tsere zuwa Sweden tare da iyalinta a 1977. 

A ƙasar Sweden, ta ci gaba da fafutukar yaƙi da zaluncin siyasa yayin da take karatun tarihin ilimi a Jami'ar Gothenburg. Ra'ayoyinta da wallafe-wallafenta sun taimaka wajen haifar da ka'idar bayan mulkin mallaka. [1] Ta ci gaba da wallafa labarai har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarta. [2]

Amanda Peralta ta mutu a Gothenburg a ranar 2 ga Janairun 2009.  

## Manazarta
Hanna Arayaselassie

**Hanna Aryaselassie** (Amharic: Hana Arāyaሥላሴ, an haife ta a ranar 26 ga watan Disamba 1989) 'yar siyasa ce kuma 'yar ƙasar Habasha, malama sannan ma'aikaciyar gwamnati wacce a yanzu ita ce Ministar Shari'a tun daga shekarar 2024. A baya an zaɓi Hanna a matsayin Mataimakiyar Kwamishina na Hukumar Zuba Jari ta Habasha (EIC) daga shekarar 2023 kuma an ɗaga ta zuwa Kwamishiniyar EIC a shekarar 2024.  A da, Hanna ita ce Shugabar Hukumar Ethiopian Postal Service  daga shekarun 2020 zuwa 2023.

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Hanna Arayaselassie a ranar 15 ga watan Janairu 1980 a Addis Ababa, Habasha. &#x5B; ** &#x5D; Ta kammala karatunta a Jami'ar Addis Ababa kuma ta ci gaba da karatunta a birnin New York, inda ta sami babban aikinta na ilimi. Hanna malamar makaranta ce a Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Addis Ababa. A watan Maris a shekarar 2020, Hana ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Hukumar Ethiopian Postal Service. A lokacin da take aiki a Hukumar Wasiku, Hanna ta tsara manyan gyare-gyare a hukumomi, inda ta inganta ingancin ayyukanta.  Sauyin ya ƙara yawan kuɗin shigarta kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta Kyau ta Wasiku ta 2023 daga Ƙungiyar Wasiku ta Duniya da Yankin Afirka.  A ranar 22 ga watan Janairu 2023, Firayim Minista Abiy Ahmed ya naɗa ta a matsayin Mataimakiyar Kwamishina ta Hukumar Zuba Jari ta Habasha (EIC). An ɗaga ta zuwa sabuwar kwamishiniya ta EIC a watan Janairun 2024.   

A ranar 18 ga watan Oktoba, 2024, Hanna ta maye gurbin mijinta Gedion Timotheos a matsayin Ministan Shari'a ta Ofishin Firayim Minista. 

## Manazarta
Candelaria Pérez

**Candelaria Pérez** (1810 - 28 Maris 1870) wata soja ce ta ƙasar Chile wadda ta yi aiki a Yaƙin Ƙungiyar Tarayyar (1836-39) a kan Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Peru da Bolivia .   Ta ɗauki bindiga ta yi yaƙi tare da sojojin da ta yi aiki da su. An ɗauke ta a matsayin jarumar Yaƙin Yungay, inda ta jagoranci wani hari kan sojojin Ƙungiyar Tarayyar da suka makale. An ba ta girmamawa a hukumance da kuma matsayin sajen bayan yaƙin, bayan da jama'a suka tarbe ta a matsayin jaruma.  Bayan haka, an san ta a bainar jama'a da "Sajen Candelaria".

A farkon rayuwarta, ta kasance mai hidimar gida, da farko a Valparaiso sannan a Peru, bayan haka ta buɗe gidan giya. Lokacin da yaƙi ya ɓarke, ta rufe gidan giyarta ta fara shiga cikin yunƙurin yaƙin Chile, tana aiki a matsayin ɗan leƙen asiri, sannan mai kula da yara, sannan kuma a ƙarshe a matsayin mai faɗa. [1]

An naɗa ta jami'a mai aiki kafin ta bar soja a shekarar 1840, tare da matsayin *Alférez* (wanda aka fassara a matsayin jakada ).

## Manazarta
Mary Rees

**Susan Mary Rees** (an haife ta a ranar 31 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1953 ) masanin lissafi ne na Burtaniya kuma farfesa ne na lissafi a Jami'ar Liverpool tun daga shekara ta 2018, ta ƙware a bincike a cikin tsarin rikitarwa mai ƙarfi. 

## Ayyuka
An haifi Rees a Cambridge. Bayan ta sami BA a 1974 da MSc a 1975 a Kwalejin St Hugh, Oxford, ta yi bincike a lissafi a karkashin jagorancin Bill Parry a Jami'ar Warwick, ta sami PhD a 1978. Matsayinta na farko na postdoctoral ya kasance a Cibiyar Nazarin Ci gaba daga 1978 zuwa 1979. Daga baya ta yi aiki a Institut des hautes études scientifiques da Jami'ar Minnesota . Bayan wannan ta yi aiki a Jami'ar Liverpool har sai da ta yi ritaya. Ta zama farfesa a fannin lissafi a shekara ta 2002 kuma ta yi ritaya a shekara ta 2018, ta zama farfesa mai daraja.

 An ba ta lambar yabo ta Whitehead na London Mathematical Society a shekarar 1988. Bayanan  ya lura cewa, musamman,
Her most spectacular theorem has been to show that in the space of rational maps of the Riemann sphere of degree *d*&nbsp;≥&nbsp;2 those maps that are ergodic with respect to Lebesgue measure and leave invariant an absolutely continuous probability measure form a set of positive measure.Ta kuma yi magana a ICM a Kyoto a shekarar 1990. [1] A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yawancin aikin Rees sun mayar da hankali kan tasirin taswirar ma'ana; watau taswirar da ke da ma'ana na Riemann na digiri na biyu, gami da babban littafi.[2] A shekara ta 2004, ta kuma gabatar da wata hujja ta ƙarshe ta Thurston, wanda Brock, Canary da Minsky suka tabbatar da shi jim kadan kafin haka. [3][4]

## FRS
An zabe ta a matsayin Fellowship na Royal Society a shekara ta 2002.

## Iyali
Mahaifinta David Rees shi ma fitaccen masanin lissafi ne, wanda ya yi aiki a kan Enigma a Hut 6 a Bletchley Park . 'Yar'uwarta Sarah Rees ita ma masanin lissafi ce.

## Ayyuka

* Mary Rees (2010) "Ma'aurata masu yawa daidai da polynomial na jirgin sama". *Ka'idar Ergodic da Tsarin Dynamical*, shafi na 20&nbsp;
* Mary Rees (2008) "William Parry FRS 1934-2006". *Tarihin Rayuwa na Royal Society*, 54, shafi na 229-243&nbsp;
* Mary Rees (2004) "Tsakanin Teichmuller ba $C^{2+\varepsilon }$ ba ne". Proc London Math, 88, shafuffuka 114-134&nbsp;
* Mary Rees (2003) "Ra'ayoyin Parameter Space: Topographer da Resident". *Asterisque*, 288, shafuffuka 1-418&nbsp;
* Mary Rees (2002) "Tsakanin Teichmuller don ƙayyadaddun wurare shine $ C^{2}$." Proc. *Lissafin London. Soc*. 85 (2002) 686 – 716. ,85, shafuffuka na 686-716&nbsp;

## Manazarta
Adolf Holzhaus

**Adolf Holzhaus** (1892 - 6 Yuni 1982) ya kasance Esperantist kuma masanin tarihi na ƙungiyar Esperanto . Tsakanin 1959 da 1985, ya tattara tarihin rayuwar mahaliccin Esperanto L. L. Zamenhof da iyalinsa, mai gabatarwa na Esperanto Wilhelm Heinrich Trompeter, da sauransu. Ya shirya kuma ya buga takardu game da tarihin Esperanto, gami da *Hillelism* na Zamenhof da "Provo de gramatiko de novjuda lingvo kaj alvoko al judazirilaro".

Holzhaus ya rubuta "Vivokuroj de esperantistoj" (Kwarewar Rayuwa ta Esperantists) a matsayin maye gurbin da aka nufa don Encyclopedia na Esperanto . Littafinsa, wanda bai buga ba, yanzu yana zaune a Gidan Tarihin Esperanto.

## Ayyuka

* **1969**:*Doktoro kaj lingvo Esperanto* (1969) eldonis Fondumo Esperanto
* **1971**/**1973**: Wilhelm Heinrich Trompeter. Tarihin rayuwar Esperanto eldonis Esperanto-Ligo a Isra'ila 1971, 2-a eld 1973
* **1973**:Granda Galerio Zamenhofa 1. Helsinki: Fondumo Esperanto 1973 (kolekto na 952 fotoj pri L.L. Zamenhof kaj ties. Boris Kolker jugxis na 2004-04-16: "Valorega kolekto, Þakhin da ke da kyau a cikin pensio.
* **1975**: Zamenhof; Leteroj. Helsinki: Fondumo Esperanto 1975 . 
* **1978**: Granda Galerio Zamenhofa 2. Helsinki: Fondumo Esperanto 1978 

## Manazarta
Woizero Mary Tadesso

**Woizero Mary Tadesso** ko **Mary Tadesse** (an haife 5 a shekara ta 1932) 'yar siyasar ƙasar Habasha ce.

Ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Ilimi a Habasha.  

A shekarar 2021 ta buga tarihin rayuwarta da aka rubuta a cikin littafin tarihin rayuwarta: *Rayuwata, Habashata*. 

## Rayuwar farko da aiki
An haifi Tadesse a cikin ƙaramin iyali na Katolika. Tana ɗaya daga cikin tsararrakin farko na 'yan Habasha masu ilimi waɗanda ke da ilimin Yammacin duniya. 

Ta yi aiki a gwamnatin Sarkin Habasha Haile Selassie a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata mafiya matsayi. 

## Littattafai da wallafe-wallafe

* Matan Afirka da Ci Gaba: Tarihi

Littafi na Margaret C. Snyder da Woizero Mary Tadesso 

* Rayuwata, Habashata: Littafin Tarihi da Soyayya

Littafin Woizero Mary Tadesso 

## Manazarta
Manuela Pedraza

**Manuela Hurtado y Pedraza** mace ce da ta yi yaƙi a sake kwace Buenos Aires bayan mamayar farko ta Birtaniya a 1806. An ɗauki shigarta a matsayin jarumtaka a lokacin yaƙin ƙarshe, kuma Kwamandan sojojin Buenos Aires, Santiago de Liniers, ya amince da rawar da ta taka.

Cikakken sunanta shine "Manuela Hurtado y Pedraza", amma an san ta da *"Manuela la tucumanesa"* (tsohon salon da ake amfani da shi don "Manuela daga Tucumán ", a lokacin wani ɓangare na Mataimakin Shugaban Río de la Plata, wanda yanzu haka yake Argentina ). Ko da yake an san asalinta, ba a san ainihin wurin da take ba, da kuma ranar haihuwarta da mutuwarta.

Manuela Pedraza ta shiga cikin babban yaƙin, kuma na ƙarshe, na sake kwace iko; ya faru ne tsawon kwana uku (10-12 ga Agusta, 1806) a tsakiyar Buenos Aires. Ta yi yaƙi tare da mijinta (kofur a cikin rundunar soja) tare da sojojin Liniers waɗanda suka kewaye sansanin soja na Spain (yanzu, Casa Rosada, hedikwatar gwamnatin Argentina a Plaza de Mayo ), a wannan lokacin a hannun Birtaniya. A rana ta biyu ta yaƙin, 11 ga Agusta, wani sojan Birtaniya ya kashe mijinta; a kan haka, Manuela ta kashe wannan sojan da bindigar ta. Bayan haka, ta ɗauki bindigar mijinta ta ci gaba da yaƙin, ta kashe wani sojan Birtaniya. 

Bayan yaƙin, Liniers, kwamandan sojojin yankin da suka yi nasara kuma wanda za a naɗa nan ba da jimawa ba Viceroy na Río de la Plata, ya naɗa Manuela a cikin sabuwar rundunar Patricios da aka kafa tare da albashi da kuma matsayin " *alférez* " (kusan, laftanar na biyu ). Rahoton Liniers an nuna shi a Gidan Tarihi na Buenos Aires Cabildo, kuma ya karanta:

## Girmamawa
Akwai titi da makaranta a Buenos Aires da aka sanya mata suna. Bugu da ƙari, Gwamnatin Birnin Buenos Aires ta ba da kyautar "Mención de Honor Manuela Pedraza" don girmamawa ga mata da ke da hannu a fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a a Argentina . A cikin ambaton karramawar, an bayyana cewa: " Wannan kyautar tana neman dawo da al'adar shiga cikin yaƙe-yaƙe don 'yanci da kare muradun ƙasa da mutanenta, al'adar da 'yan ƙasa da yawa suka bayar da rayukansu a ciki. " [1]

## Manazarta
Rosa Panduro

**Carmen Rosa Panduro Ramírez** matar aure ce 'yar ƙasar Peru wadda ta yi yaƙi da sojojin Ecuador a Yaƙin Rocafuerte a lokacin Yaƙin Ecuador da Peru na 1941.  

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Panduro a shekarar 1918 a Requena ga iyayenta María Ramírez Coral da Federico Panduro Sandoval.  Daga baya ta auri sajan na biyu na Peru Juan Manuel Peñaherrera Valera, wanda ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu da shi. 

## Yaƙin Rocafuerte
A ranar 11 ga Agusta, 1941, a lokacin Yaƙin Ecuador da Peru, rikici ya ɓarke tsakanin sojojin Ecuador da na Peru, wanda daga nan ya rikide ya zama yaƙi .   Wannan ya faru ne duk da cewa an ayyana tsagaita wuta kwanaki goma sha ɗaya da suka gabata kuma ɓangarorin biyu suna gefen iyakar da ɓangarorin biyu suka amince da ita a shekarar 1936. 

A lokacin yaƙin, an tura mijin Panduro zuwa fagen daga, kuma an kafa yankin da sojoji za su keɓe. Duk da haka, ta kama shi. Bayan an harbe shi a hannu, ta yi masa magani ta hanyar ɗaure masa rigarsa da kayansa, da kuma sauran sojoji da suka ji rauni. [1] [2] [3] Bayan ta yi wa mijinta magani, ta ɗauki bindiga ta shiga yaƙin, daga baya ta yi ƙoƙarin shiga jirgin ruwan yaƙi na Peru mai suna Amazonas, amma sai sojoji suka umarce ta da ta sauka. [1]

## Rayuwa daga baya
Ta mutu a Iquitos a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba, 1989.    Ana tunawa da ita kuma ana kiranta da jaruma a tarihin Peru, musamman a tarihin Loreto .    

An ƙirƙiri gundumar Rosa Panduro a shekarar 2014, an sanya mata suna don girmama ta. 

## Manazarta
Frehiwot Tamiru

**Frehiwot Tamru** (Amharic: ፍሬህይወት Taምሩ) jami'ar gwamnati ce ta Habasha wacce a halin yanzu ita ce Shugaba na Ethio telecom, babbar mai samar da harkar sadarwa da intanet a Habasha tun daga ranar 25 ga watan Yuli 2018.

## Aiki da ilimi
An haifi Frehiwot kuma ta girma a Addis Ababa.  Tana da digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Open University  da ke Burtaniya da kuma digiri na farko a fannin Kimiyya a fannin Tsarin Bayanai. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin ministar gine-gine, sufuri da sadarwa na yankin Afar. 

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar kamfanin tsohuwar kamfanin sadarwa ta Ethiopian Telecommunications for Internal Support Service. Daga nan ta tafi ta kafa kamfaninta mai suna Doxa IT Technology Plc. Har zuwa shekarar 2018, Frehiwot ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na Ethio telecom, wani babban kamfanin sadarwa da intanet a ƙasar. A ranar 25 ga watan Yuli, 2018, Firayim Minista Abiy Ahmed ya naɗa Frehiwot a matsayin Shugaba na Ethio telecom, inda ta maye gurbin Andualem Admassie.  Ta zama memba na Jam'iyyar Prosperity. 

A ƙarƙashin jagorancinta, kamfanin sadarwa na Ethio Telecom ya ga ci gaba mai yawa a cikin tushen masu biyan kuɗi da kuma kuɗaɗen shiga, yayin da aka yi amfani da kuɗin fito daga kashi 40% zuwa 50%. Kamfanin ya zama mallakar gwamnati tare da ɓangaren sadarwa nasa. 

## Manazarta
Aisha Mohammed ('yar siyasa)

**Aisha Mohammed Mussa** injiniya ce kuma 'yar siyasa 'yar ƙasar Habasha wacce a yanzu haka take aiki a matsayin Ministar Tsaro tun daga ranar 20 ga watan Mayu 2024. Haka kuma, ta kasance ministar tsaro daga watan Oktoba 2018 zuwa Afrilu 2019. Aisha ta taɓa riƙe muƙamin Ministar Noma da Raya Yankunan Ƙasa daga ranar 6 ga watan Oktoba 2021 da kuma Ministar Gine-gine da Raya Birane daga ranar 18 ga watan Afrilu 2019 zuwa 6 ga watan Oktoba 2021.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Aisha Mohammed Musulma ce daga Yankin Afar na ƙasar a arewa maso gabashin Habasha.   An haife ta a Berhale kuma ta girma a Assab. Tana da digiri a fannin Injiniyanci na Gine-gine da kuma digiri na biyu a Jagorancin Sauyi da Sauyi. 

## Aiki
Aisha Mohammed injiniya ce ta gine-gine kuma a baya ta yi aiki a matsayin ministar gine-gine.   Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Yawon Buɗe Ido da Al'adu.   Firayim Minista Abiy Ahmed ya naɗa ta Ministar Tsaro a ranar 16 ga watan Oktoba 2018, ɗaya daga cikin mata goma da aka naɗa a majalisar ministocin membobi ashirin, wanda hakan ya sanya Habasha da Rwanda kaɗai ƙasashen Afirka da ke da daidaiton wakilcin jinsi a majalisar ministocin su.   Aisha Mohammed ita ce ministar tsaro mace ta farko a ƙasar.  A ranar 18 ga watan Afrilu 2019, an naɗa ta Ministar Ci Gaban Birane da Gine-gine.  A ranar 20 ga watan Mayu 2024, ta sake zama Ministar Tsaro. 

## Manazarta
Aster Mamo

**Aster Mamo** jami'ar diflomasiyyar Habasha ce wacce ita ce jakadiyar Habasha a Kanada tun a watan Janairun 2018.

## Aiki
A da, ta yi aiki a matsayin babbar mai tsawatar wa gwamnatin Habasha daga shekarun 2014 zuwa 2015   da kuma memba a Kwamitin Tsakiya na Ƙungiyar Dimokuraɗiyya ta Jama'ar Oromo (OPDO) har zuwa shekara ta 2016.  Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Matasa da Wasanni na Habasha daga shekarun 2005 zuwa 2014. 

A ranar 8 ga watan Afrilu, 2014 aka naɗa ta a matsayin Mataimakiyar Firayim Minista ta biyu kuma Ministar Ma'aikatan Gwamnati, inda ta maye gurbin Muktar Kedir a wannan matsayin.  A watan Oktoba a shekarar 2016, an soke muƙamanta na Mataimakiyar Firayim Minista ta biyu da kuma ministar Ma'aikatan Gwamnati, kuma ta bar muƙamanta bayan ta yi murabus a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Tsakiya na OPDO.  

A halin yanzu tana matsayin jakadiyar Kanada tun daga ranar 17 ga watan Janairun 2018.

## Manazarta
Angela Strank

**(**

**Dame Angela Rosemary Emily Strank** (an haife ta a watan Oktoba shekara ta 1952)  injiniya ce ta Burtaniya wacce ita ce shugabar fasahar da ke ƙasa kuma babban masanin kimiyya na BP, wanda ke da alhakin fasahar a duk faɗin tsaftacewa, sinadarai, lubricants da kasuwancin mai.

## Ayyuka
A cikin 1980, Strank ta shiga cikin binciken ilimin ƙasa na Burtaniya ta hanyar abin da ta ce ya zama masanin ilimin ƙasa "ta hanyar haɗari".  A shekara ta 1982, ta shiga BP a matsayin masanin ilimin ƙasa.  A shekara ta 2013, ta shiga kwamitin gwamnonin Jami'ar Manchester. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2014, an nada ta babban masanin kimiyya. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin darakta wanda ba babban jami'in ba a Severn Trent Water plc . 

### Daraja da kyaututtuka
A shekara ta 2010, ta lashe lambar yabo ta mata ta farko a Burtaniya a Kimiyya da Fasaha, lambar yabo da Gwamnatin Burtaniya (CBI) ta tallafawa don nuna godiya ga mata na Burtaniya a harkokin kasuwanci da masana'antu.

A cikin girmamawar ranar haihuwar 2017, an nada Strank a matsayin Dame Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (DBE). [1] A cikin wannan shekarar an zabe ta Fellow na Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng). [2] An zabe ta Fellow na Royal Society (FRS) a cikin 2018 don gudummawa mai yawa ga inganta ilimin halitta.[3] Royal Holloway, Jami'ar London ta ba ta lambar yabo ta Doctor of Science (DSc) a shekarar 2018. [4]

#### Alamar makamai
Ta hanyar Wasikun Patent na Garter da Clarenceux Sarakunan Makamai masu kwanan wata 1 ga Yulin 2019, daga Kwalejin Makamai, an ba Strank makamai :

## Manazarta