Dalilan canjin yanayi

Masana kimiyya suna binciken **abubuwan da ke haifar da [[Canjin yanayi]]** na tsawon shekaru. Bayan dubban karatu, Yarjejeniyar kimiyya ita ce "ba shakka cewa tasirin ɗan adam ya dumama yanayi, teku da ƙasa tun zamanin da suka gabata". : 3 Wannan yarjejeniyar tana tallafawa kusan ƙungiyoyin kimiyya 200 a duk duniya.  Ka'idar kimiyya da ke haifar da canjin yanayi na yanzu shine tasirin greenhouse, wanda ke ba da iskar gas din ta wuce hasken rana wanda ke dumama duniya, amma ya kama wasu daga cikin zafin da ke fitowa daga farfajiyar duniya. An saki iskar gas mai yawa kamar carbon dioxide da methane a cikin yanayi ta hanyar ƙone burbushin burbushin halittu tun lokacin juyin juya halin masana'antu. Hanyar fitarwa ta kai tsaye daga canjin amfani da ƙasa, fitarwa na wasu iskar gas kamar su nitrous oxide, da karuwar yawan tururin ruwa a cikin yanayi, suma suna taimakawa ga canjin yanayi.

Warming daga greenhouse sakamako yana da  dangantaka tare da taro na greenhouse gas. Wannan yana nufin cewa kowane ƙarin ɓangaren  da sauran iskar gas *a cikin yanayi* yana da ɗan ƙaramin tasirin dumama fiye da ɓangarorin da ke gabansa yayin da *jimlar* maida hankali ke ƙaruwa. Koyaya, kusan rabin hayakin CO2 ne kawai ke ci gaba da zama a cikin yanayi da farko, yayin da sauran rabin ke cikin sauri ta hanyar nutsewar carbon a cikin ƙasa da teku. : Bugu da ƙari, dumama ta kowane Bayani iskar gas mai ɗumi yana shafar abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su, kamar canje-canje a cikin tururin ruwa ko albedo na Duniya (tunani).  : 2233 

Yayin da dumama daga CO="true" id="mwUw" typeof="mw:Transclusion">CO ke ƙaruwa, sinks na carbon suna shan ƙaramin ɓangaren jimlar hayaki, yayin da "saurin" canjin yanayi ke kara dumama gas. Don haka, tasirin yana magance juna, kuma dumama daga kowane ɗayan CO2 da mutane ke fitarwa yana ƙara zafin jiki a cikin daidaitattun daidaito ga jimlar hayaki. :  Bugu da ƙari, wasu sassan dumamawar greenhouse an "masked" ta hanyar hayaki da mutum ya haifar na sulfur dioxide, wanda ke samar da aerosols waɗanda ke da tasirin sanyaya. Koyaya, wannan rufe fuska yana raguwa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, saboda matakan da za a yi don yaki da ruwan sama da gurɓataccen iska da sulfates suka haifar.

## Abubuwan da ke shafar yanayin duniya

tilasta wani abu ne da aka sanya a waje akan tsarin yanayi. Ƙarfafawa na waje sun haɗa da abubuwan da suka faru na halitta kamar fashewar dutsen wuta da bambance-bambance a cikin fitowar rana. Ayyukan ɗan adam na iya tilasta tilasta, alal misali, ta hanyar canza abun da ke cikin Yanayin duniya. Tilasta radiative shine ma'auni na yadda dalilai daban-daban ke canza ma'aunin makamashi na duniyar Duniya. Kyakkyawan tilasta radiative zai haifar da dumama farfajiyar kuma, a tsawon lokaci, tsarin yanayi. Tsakanin farkon Juyin Juya Halin Masana'antu a cikin shekara ta 1750, da shekara ta 2005, karuwar yawan carbon dioxide na yanayi (tsarin sinadarai: CO2) ya haifar da tilasta radiative mai kyau, matsakaici a saman duniya, na kimanin 1.66 watts a kowace murabba'in mita (abbreviated W m−2). &nbsp;

Tsarin yanayi zai bambanta dangane da canje-canje a cikin tilastawa. Tsarin yanayi zai nuna bambancin ciki a gaban da rashin tilasta da aka ɗora masa. Wannan bambancin ciki shine sakamakon hadaddun hulɗa tsakanin abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin yanayi, kamar haɗuwa tsakanin yanayi da teku. Misali na bambancin ciki shine El Niño-Southern Oscillation .

## Tasirin da mutum ya haifar

Abubuwan da ke shafar yanayin duniya za a iya raba su zuwa tilastawa, ra'ayoyi da bambance-bambance na ciki. : 7 Manyan layin huɗu na shaidu suna tallafawa rawar da ayyukan ɗan adam ke takawa a cikin canjin yanayi na Bayani-bayan nan: 

# Fahimtar jiki game da tsarin yanayi: yawan iskar gas ya karu kuma an kafa halayensu masu kyau.
# Akwai kimantawa na tarihi game da sauye-sauyen yanayi na baya-bayan nan sun nuna cewa sauye-shiryen kwanan nan a cikin zafin jiki na duniya ba sabon abu ba ne.
# Misalai na yanayi na ci gaba ba su iya maimaita yanayin zafi da aka lura ba sai dai idan an haɗa hayakin gas na mutum.
# Binciken da aka yi game da ƙarfin halitta, kamar aikin hasken rana da na dutsen wuta, ya nuna cewa ba zai iya bayyana yanayin zafi da aka lura ba. Misali, karuwar aikin hasken rana zai wartsake dukkan yanayi, duk da haka kawai ƙananan yanayi ya wartsake.

### Gas mai sanyaya

Gas din yana Bayani ga , don haka yana ba da damar wucewa ta cikin yanayi don dumama farfajiyar duniya. Duniya yana haskaka shi a matsayin zafi, kuma iskar Gas mai sanyaya ta sha wani ɓangare na shi. Wannan sha yana jinkirta yawan abin da zafi ke tserewa cikin sararin samaniya, yana kama zafi kusa da farfajiyar Duniya kuma yana dumama shi a tsawon lokaci. Duk da yake tururi na ruwa da girgije sune manyan masu ba da gudummawa ga tasirin greenhouse, suna canzawa da farko a matsayin aikin zafin jiki. Sabili da haka, ana ɗaukar su a matsayin abubuwan da ke canza Yanayin yanayi. A gefe guda, ana ƙara iskar gas kamar CO2, tropospheric ozone,  CFCs da nitrous oxide ko cire su da kansu daga zafin jiki. Saboda haka, ana ɗaukar su a matsayin tilastawa na waje waɗanda ke canza yanayin zafi na duniya. : 742 

Ayyukan ɗan adam tun daga juyin juya halin masana'antu (kimanin 1750), galibi hakowa da kona albarkatun mai ( kwal, mai, da iskar gas ), ya ƙara yawan iskar gas a cikin yanayi, wanda ya haifar da rashin daidaituwa na haske . A cikin shekaru 150 da suka gabata ayyukan ɗan adam sun fitar da ƙara yawan iskar gas a cikin sararin samaniya . A shekara ta 2019, yawan adadin CO  da methane ya karu da kusan 48% da 160%, bi da bi, tun daga 1750.  Wadannan matakan CO  sun kasance mafi girma fiye da yadda suke a kowane lokaci a cikin shekaru 2 na karshe. Abubuwan da ake samu na methane sun yi yawa fiye da yadda suke a cikin shekaru 800,000 da suka gabata. 

Wannan ya haifar da karuwar yawan zafin jiki na duniya, ko dumamar yanayi. Halin da mutum ya haifar da yanayin zafi na iska ta 2010-2019 idan aka kwatanta da matakan a 1850-1900 shine 0.8 ° C zuwa 1.3 ° C, tare da mafi kyawun kimantawa na 1.07 ° C. Wannan yana kusa da yanayin zafi da aka lura a wannan lokacin na 0.9 ° C zuwa 1.2 ° C. Canjin zafin jiki a wannan lokacin mai yiwuwa ne kawai ±0.1 °C saboda tilastawa ta halitta da ±0.2 °C saboda bambancin yanayi.

Rashin iskar gas mai guba a duniya a cikin  ya yi  tan biliyan 59 na CO="true" id="mwATA" typeof="mw:Transclusion">CO. Daga cikin wadannan hayaki, 75% shine CO2, 18% shine methane, 4% shine nitrous oxide, kuma 2% shine iskar gas. &nbsp;

Rashin CO2 da farko ya fito ne daga ƙone burbushin burbushin halittu don samar da makamashi don sufuri, masana'antu, dumama, da wutar lantarki. Ƙarin hayaki na CO2 ya fito ne daga karfe daji da hanyoyin masana'antu, waɗanda suka haɗa da CO2 da aka saki ta hanyar halayen sunadarai don yin siminti, ƙarfe, aluminum, da taki.

CO2 yana shanyewa kuma ana fitar da shi ta halitta a matsayin wani ɓangare na sake zagayowar carbon, ta hanyar numfashi na dabba da shuke-shuke, fashewar dutsen wuta, da musayar yanayi-tashin teku. Ayyukan ɗan adam, kamar ƙone burbushin burbushin halittu da canje-canje a cikin amfani da ƙasa (duba ƙasa), suna fitar da adadi mai yawa na carbon zuwa yanayi, wanda ke haifar da maida hankali ga CO2 a cikin yanayi don tashi.

Babban ma'auni na yanayin CO , wanda Charles David Keeling ya fara a cikin 1958, ya zama babban jerin lokutan da ke tattara abubuwan da ke canza yanayin .  Wadannan bayanan, wanda aka sani da Keeling Curve, suna da matsayi mai mahimmanci a kimiyyar canjin yanayi a matsayin shaida na tasirin ayyukan ɗan adam akan sinadarai na yanayin duniya. 

Ma'aunin farko na Keeling na 1958 ya nuna sassa 313 a kowace miliyan ta hanyar girma. CO2 na yanayi, wanda aka fi rubuta "ppm", a cikin sassa-da-million ta hanyar girma (ppmv). A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2019, yawan CO2 a cikin yanayi ya kai 415 ppm. Lokaci na karshe lokacin da ya kai wannan matakin shine shekaru miliyan 2.6-5.3 da suka gabata. Ba tare da sa hannun mutum ba, zai zama 280 ppm.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

A cikin -2024, yawan CO a cikin yanayi ya karu da sauri fiye da kowane lokaci a cewar Hukumar Kula da Oceanic da Atmospheric ta Kasa, sakamakon ci gaba da hayaki da yanayin El Niño.

#### Methane da nitrous oxide

Rashin hayaki na methane ya fito ne daga dabbobi, turare, noman shinkafa, wuraren zubar da shara, ruwa mai guba, da hakar kwal, da kuma man fetur da iskar gas. Rashin fitar da nitrous oxide ya fi fitowa daga lalacewar microbial na taki.

6" href="./Methane" id="mwAbg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Methane">Methane da ƙananan nitrous oxide suma manyan masu ba da gudummawa ga tasirin greenhouse. Yarjejeniyar Kyoto ta lissafa waɗannan tare da hydrofluorocarbon (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), da sulfur hexafluoride (SF6),  waɗanda gaba ɗaya iskar gas ce ta wucin gadi, a matsayin masu ba da gudummawa ga tilasta radiative. Shafin da ke dama yana nuna hayakin iskar gas mai guba ga manyan bangarori takwas na tattalin arziki, wanda manyan masu ba da gudummawa sune Tashoshin wutar lantarki (da yawa daga cikinsu suna ƙone kwal ko wasu man fetur), matakai na masana'antu, man fetur na sufuri (yawanci man fetur mai burbushin halittu), da kayan aikin gona (musamman methane daga fermentation na ciki da nitrous oxide daga amfani da taki). 

## Manazarta