Dahlia Ravikovitch

Dahlia Ravikovitch ( Hebrew ; Nuwamba 17, 1936 - Agusta 21, 2005) mawaƙi ne na Isra'ila, mai fassara kuma wanda ya karɓi kyautar Isra'ila don waƙa a cikin 1998. [1]

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Ravikovitch a Ramat Gan a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba, 1936. Ta koyi karatu da rubutu tun tana shekara uku. Mahaifinta, Levi, injiniyan Bayahude ne dan asalin kasar Rasha wanda ya isa Falasdinu ta tilas daga China. Mahaifiyarta Mikal, malami ce da ta fito daga gidan addini. Sa’ad da Dahlia ta kai shekara shida, wani direban bugu ne ya bindige mahaifinta kuma ya kashe shi. Ta ƙaura zuwa Kibbutz Geva tare da mahaifiyarta amma ba ta dace da tunanin gama gari ba kuma tana da shekaru 13 ta ƙaura zuwa gidan reno a Haifa, na farko na gidajen reno da yawa. [1] A cikin waɗancan shekarun na Haifa ne ta rubuta waƙarta ta farko, "Painting", wanda ya bambanta launin shuɗi na filin teku da rawaya da launin toka na duniyarta ta ciki. [2]

Ravikovitch aure a 18, amma saki bayan watanni 3. Auren nata da suka biyo baya shima ya ƙare da saki. Tana da ɗa guda Ido Kalir.  Bayan ta kammala aikinta a rundunar tsaron Isra'ila, ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Hebrew ta Kudus . Ta yi aikin jarida kuma malamin sakandare. Ta fassara ayyukan WB Yeats, TS Eliot da Edgar Allan Poe, da littafin *Mary Poppins* zuwa Ibrananci.  Ravikovitch ya kasance mai aiki a cikin motsin zaman lafiya na Isra'ila . Daga gidanta da ke tsakiyar Tel Aviv ta hada kai da masu fasaha, mawaka da manyan jama'a masu neman zaman lafiya, daidaito da adalci na zamantakewa.

A cikin shekarun ƙarshe na rayuwarta, ta yi fama da matsananciyar damuwa.  Ranar 21 ga Agusta, 2005, Ravikovitch ya mutu a cikin ɗakinta. Rahotannin farko sun yi hasashen dalilin mutuwar ya zama kashe kansa, amma binciken gawarwakin ya tabbatar da dalilin ya zama rashin daidaiton zuciya kwatsam.

## Aikin adabi

Waƙoƙin farko na Ravikovitch sun bayyana a cikin mujallar waƙar Ibrananci *Orlogin* (Hourglass), wanda Avraham Shlonsky ya tsara, kuma Shlonsky ne ya ƙarfafa ta ta ci gaba da yin rubutu a matsayin sana'a. Littafinta na farko na waƙa, *Ƙaunar Orange*, wanda aka buga a cikin 1959, ya kafa ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan mawaƙa na Isra'ila. 

Waƙarta ta farko tana nuna umarninta na fasaha na yau da kullun ba tare da sadaukar da hankalin muryarta na yau da kullun ba. Ko da yake ba ta taɓa yin watsi da na'urorin waqoqin gargajiya gaba ɗaya ba, ta ɓullo da salon zarmiya a ƙarshen shekarun aikinta. Shahararriyar waƙarta da aka buga a 1987, "Ƙarshen Faɗuwa" (wanda ake kira "Dalilin Faɗuwa") ta fito ne daga wannan lokacin. Kamar yawancin waƙoƙin Ravikovitch, yana iya buga mai karatu a matsayin, a lokaci ɗaya, mai ban sha'awa, metaphysical, damuwa, har ma da siyasa: "Idan mutum ya fado daga jirgin sama a tsakiyar dare / Allah ne kawai zai iya ɗaga shi ...".  A cikin littafinta *Haifa: City of Steps* mai sukar wallafe-wallafen Nili Gold ta yi jayayya cewa Haifa da yanayinta suna da mahimmanci don fahimtar waƙar Ravikovitch na farko, musamman "Painting" da "Maganar Maganar Rana Zuwa Rana".  Zinariya ta kuma yi jayayya da shahararriyar fassarar waƙar Ravikovitch mai suna "Hovering at a Low Altitude" a matsayin waƙar siyasa, a maimakon haka ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya kamata a fahimce ta a matsayin na sirri, mai rairayi. 

Gabaɗaya, Ravikovitch ta buga kundin waƙoƙi goma a cikin Ibrananci na ƙasarta. Bugu da ƙari, waƙa, ta ba da gudummawar ayyukan larabci (ciki har da tarin gajerun labarai guda uku) da adabin yara, da kuma fassara waƙa zuwa Ibrananci. Yawancin wakokinta an saita su zuwa waƙa. Shahararriyar waƙarta ita ce *Booba Memukenet* ( English:   ). 

Ana koyar da wakokinta a makarantu da jami'o'i. Masana a Jami'ar Pennsylvania a Philadelphia sun dauki nauyin "Memorial in Piano, Poetry, and Song" don girmama ta a ranar 21 ga Maris, 2006; daya daga cikin wadanda suka yi rawar gani a wannan taron ita ce mawakiyar Mawakiyar kasar Morocco, Fatema Chebchoub .  Da yawa daga cikin waqoqin Ravikovitch sun zama sanannun waƙoƙi. An fassara waƙarta zuwa harsuna 23. 

## Kyauta

* A cikin 1987, Ravikovitch abokin tarayya ne (tare da Moshe Dor ) na Bialik Prize don adabi . 
* A cikin 1998, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Isra'ila don waƙa. 
* A cikin 2005, ta ci lambar yabo ta Firayim Minista .
* Sauran kyaututtukan sun haɗa da Kyautar Brenner da Kyautar Shlonsky .

## Littattafai a cikin fassarar Turanci

* *Tufafin Wuta* (1978)
* *Taga* (1989)
* *Tafiya a Ƙarƙashin Matsayi: Waƙar Dahlia Ravikovitch da aka tattara* (2009) 

## Kara karantawa

* *Waƙar Ibrananci na Zamani da Kanta* (2003), 
* Gold, Nili . Haifa: Birnin Matakai (Jaridar Jami'ar Brandeis, 2018) 
* Gold, Nili . "A kan 'Yi Hovering at a Low Altitude' na Dahlia Ravikovitch," *[https://books.google.com/books?id=CLpPpspvmvIC&q=Nili+Gold Karatun Littattafan Ibrananci: Tattaunawa Masu Mahimmanci na Rubutun Zamani Shida] ,* ed. Alan Mintz, (Hanover & London: UPNE), 221-231 (2003) 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin masu karɓar lambar yabo ta Isra'ila
* Jerin sunayen masu fafutukar zaman lafiya

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Waqoqin Ravikovitch biyar, Karen Alkalay-Gut ta fassara zuwa Turanci
* Sabina Messeg (Agusta 27, 2010), "'Kin dauki hutu daga duniyar ku': Tunawa da Mawakiyar Mawaki a ranar cika shekaru 5 da rasuwarta", *Haaretz*