Nito Alves

**Nito Alves** (23 Yuli 1945 - 14 Yuli 1977) ɗan juyin juya hali ne na Angola kuma ɗan siyasa wanda ya zama ministan cikin gida na farko na Angola. Mamba mai tsattsauran ra'ayi na jam'iyyar People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), Alves ya fi shahara da rashin nasarar yunkurin juyin mulkin da ya yi a shekarar 1977 kan gwamnatin Agostinho Neto.

A lokacin yakin samun 'yancin kai na Angola, Alves ya yi yakin neman zaɓen MPLA a matsayin 'yan daba a dazuzzukan Dembos, inda ya samu muƙamin har ya zama kwamandan yanki a arewacin ƙasar. Ya sami suna a matsayin Marxist-Leninist mai juyi, yana samun goyon bayan Neto da shugabancin MPLA bayan da ya yi tir da Tawayen Gabas na Daniel Chipenda.

Tare da samun 'yancin kai na Angola a shekarar 1975, an naɗa Alves ya jagoranci  . Ya yi amfani da wannan matsayi wajen sanya mabiyansa masu aminci - wanda aka fi sani da Nitistas - a cikin muƙamai a sabuwar jihar. Amma Nitistas ya kawo ƙarshen matsalar samar da kayayyaki bayan tara abinci, lamarin da ya sa gwamnati ta rusa ma'aikatar Alves. Alves ya goyi bayan ɓangaranci, yana adawa da manufofin Neto na ketare na rashin daidaituwa, zamantakewar juyin halitta, da bambancin launin fata.

A watan Mayun 1977, MPLA ta kore shi daga jam'iyyar. Shi da magoya bayansa sun kutsa cikin gidan yari, inda suka 'yantar da wasu magoya bayansa, tare da kwace ikon gidan rediyon da ke Luanda a wani yunkurin juyin mulki. Dakarun da ke biyayya ga Neto sun mayar da gidan rediyon tare da kame waɗanda ke da hannu a yunkurin juyin mulkin, inda sojojin Cuba ke taimakawa Neto wajen kawo ƙarshen juyin mulkin. Bayan juyin mulkin da bai yi nasara ba MPLA ta ɗauki matakin share fagen kawar da ɓangaranci, inda aka kashe Alves da wasu magoya bayansa da dama.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
A cikin shekarar 1945, an haifi Nito Alves a garin Piri na Arewacin Angola. Ya fara karatunsa ne a wata wa'azin bishara kusa da garinsu, kafin ya koma babban birnin Angola na Luanda a shekara ta 1960 don ci gaba da karatunsa. A shekarar 1965, ya shiga kungiyar masu adawa da mulkin mallaka, yayin da yake shekara ta shida a makaranta. Bayan da aka kama wasu ’yan uwansa da aka ɗaure shi a shekarar 1966, ya bar babban birnin ƙasar ya koma jam’iyyar MPLA a dazuzzukan Dembos, inda ‘yan daba masu adawa da mulkin mallaka suka yi ta gwabzawa tun bayan ɓarkewar yakin ‘yancin kai na Angola. 

### Ayyukan juyin juya hali
A cikin shekarar 1967, an naɗa Alves a matsayin kwamandan Cibiyar Koyarwar Juyin Juya Hali, kuma a shekara ta 1971, ya shiga cikin jagorancin yankin ƙarƙashin umarnin Jacob Caetano.  Alves ya ƙarfafa shi, 'yan tawayen Dembos sun fara haɓaka "wasu yanki na yanki" wanda ya kasance Dembos a matsayin babban gidan wasan kwaikwayo a yakin neman 'yanci na ƙasa. Tun a shekarar 1969, sun sha fama da asarar rayuka fiye da sauran yankuna, tare da shan kashin da suka yi a kudancin ƙasar, wanda ya sa aka yanke su daga sauran masu adawa da mulkin mallaka. Lamarin ya motsa Caetano don neman taimako a Cabinda, ya bar Alves a matsayin babban kwamandan yankin. 

Bayan hambarar da Estado Novo a cikin juyin juya halin Carnation, a cikin shekarar 1974, Alves ya koma babban birnin Angola. A Luanda, ya yi hulɗa da wasu masu adawa da mulkin mallaka, irin su José Jacinto Van-Dúnem, da Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Portugal, wanda ya zo ya gan shi a matsayin "shugaban juyin juya hali na gaskiya".  Ya zuwa wannan lokaci, MPLA ta fuskanci rikicin ɓangaranci, inda aka gudanar da wani taro a Lusaka domin warware rikicin ta hanyar sasantawa tsakanin kungiyoyi. 

An wakilta Alves zuwa Majalisa, inda ya ba da ra'ayi na kasancewa Maoist mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, yana mai da martani da kakkausar suka ga shugaban kungiyar Daniel Chipenda kan Tawayen Gabashinsa. Ko da yake shisshigin nasa sun sami goyon bayan shugaban MPLA Agostinho Neto, jawaban Alves ya kuma kafa tushe na bambance-bambancensa da shugabancin kungiyar, yayin da ya bayyana ra'ayinsa na neman juyin juya halin Angola ya zama ɗaya daga cikin masu karfi na bakar fata.  A taron tsagerun yankin da ya biyo baya, da aka gudanar a yankunan da aka kwato na gabashin Angola, Alves ya yi kira da a yi yaki da 'yan burguza, wanda ya bayyana a matsayin fararen fata na Angolan. Mafi rinjayen MPLA sun ƙi manufofin Alves na adawa da fararen fata, waɗanda suka goyi bayan bambancin launin fata. 

Daga nan sai Alves ya koma Luanda, inda ya yi shirin sake tsara motsi, ya kafa cibiyar sadarwa ta ƙungiyoyin jama'a bisa ka'idojin "Popular Power". Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sau da yawa sun kasance suna shirya kansu ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba, tare da mazaunan  Luanda suka shirya kansu don kare kai daga hare-haren ta'addanci daga masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da masu ra'ayin 'yanci na National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA).  Alves ya ƙarfafa ci gaban waɗannan ƙungiyoyin unguwanni, wanda ya ƙare a watan Yuli 1975, lokacin da dakarun "Popular Power" suka kori FNLA daga Luanda. Nasarar ƙoƙarinsa na ƙungiyar ya ba shi matsayin ministan cikin gida a sabuwar jamhuriyar jama'ar Angola, wadda aka kafa a ranar 11 ga watan Nuwamba 1975. 

## Manazarta