BJ Casey

**Betty Jo "BJ" Casey**  Masaniyar kimiyyar kwakwalwa ce ta Amurka kuma gwana ce kan Ci gaban kwakwalwa matasa da kuma kula da kai.  Ita ce Christina L. Williams Farfesa na Neuroscience a Barnard College of Columbia inda take jagorantar Tushen Zuciya (FAB) Lab  kuma Farfesa ce mai alaƙa da Justice Collaboratory a Yale Law School, Jami'ar Yale.

Casey ta yi aiki a kan allon ba da shawara na kasa da kasa da yawa kuma ta sami girmamawa da kyaututtuka da yawa don bincikenta na kimiyya waɗanda aka nuna a cikin kafofin watsa labarai da yawa kamar National Geographic,  Time,  da *NPR*.  

## Tarihin rayuwa.
An haifi Casey a Kinston, North Carolina kuma ta girma a wani karamin gonar iyali. Ita ce ta farko a cikin iyalinta da ta sami digiri na gaba, ta sami digiri a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam daga Jami'ar Jihar Appalachian da kuma digirin digirinta a fannin halayyar ɗan adam da halayyar halayyar mutum daga Jami'an Kudancin Carolina. A lokacin da ta yi aiki a postdoctoral fellowship a Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Kasa, Casey ta koyi game da hotunan magnetic resonance (fMRI), wanda ya ba da haske game da kwakwalwar mutum mai aiki ba tare da mamayewa ba. Ta kasance daga cikin masana kimiyya na farko da suka yi amfani da fMRI a cikin yara,  wanda ya kafa tushe don sabon filin karatu: ci gaban ilimin kimiyyar kwakwalwa. 

Bayan ta postdoc, ta kasance mataimakiyar farfesa a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Pittsburgh kuma mai ba da gudummawa a Jami'ar Princeton.  Daga nan ne Michael Posner ya dauki ta aiki  don jagorantar Cibiyar Sackler don Ci gaban Ilimin Halitta. A wannan lokacin, ta rike mukamin farfesa da farfesa a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam a fannin kiwon lafiya da kimiyyar kwakwalwa a Weill Cornell Medicine  da kuma mai binciken ziyara a Jami'ar Rockefeller . Casey ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Shirin Digiri na Neuroscience a Weill Cornell na tsawon shekaru biyar. A cikin 2016, Casey ya koma Jami'ar Yale a matsayin farfesa a Sashen Ilimin Halitta, farfesa mai alaƙa da Shirin Neuroscience na Yale School of Medicine kuma farfesa mai haɗin gwiwa na Justice Collaboratory a Yale Law School. Casey ta koma New York a 2022, a matsayin Farfesa Christina L. Williams na Neuroscience a Barnard College of Columbia inda a halin yanzu ke jagorantar Laboratory na Tushen Matasa (FAB). 

Casey ya yi aiki a kan kwamitocin ba da shawara da yawa na kasa, gami da Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Kasa (NIMH) Kwamitin Masu ba da shawara na Kimiyya da Majalisar NIMH, Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Ƙungiyar Ƙasa don Bincike kan Schizophrenia & Depression (NARSAD), Kwamitin Bawa don Shirin Haɗin Kai na Mutum - Nazarin Rayuwa, Kwamitin Bincike na Kasa kan Yara, da Kwamitin Bindun Kula da Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Ƙasa a Kwalejin Kasa kan Kimiyya ta Kasa, Yin Halin Matasa, Yin Yin Yin Yin Halin Shari'a da Halin Matashi.

## Bincike.
 
Casey yana daya daga cikin masana kimiyya da aka fi ambaton su a cikin kimiyyar kwakwalwa,  tare da littattafai sama da 235 da kuma fiye da 70,000. 

A cikin aikinta, aikinta ya kunshi batutuwa da yawa a duk faɗin ci gaban ɗan adam daga kulawa ta gani a cikin jarirai, zuwa ci gaban matasa, da kuma canjin da ya biyo baya zuwa farkon balaga. Baya ga amfani da fMRI don bincika kwakwalwa ta al'ada da kuma ci gaban halayyar, Casey ta yi nazarin mutane da beraye masu canza kwayar halitta a cikin bincikenta. Ayyukanta sun nuna irin wannan alamu na halayyar da aikin kwakwalwa a lokacin balaga a cikin jinsuna. Casey ya ba da shawarar wani shahararren samfurin neurobiology na matasa da aka sani da rashin daidaituwa,  ka'idar tushe don yawancin nazarin kimiyyar kwakwalwa a cikin mutane da dabbobi.   Wannan samfurin ya nuna cewa canje-canje masu ƙarfi a cikin tsarin kwakwalwa da aiki a lokacin ƙuruciya suna haifar da rashin daidaituwa na ɗan lokaci a cikin yadda yankunan kwakwalwa ke sadarwa wanda ke tasiri ga halayen motsin rai da tsari a lokacin ƙwarewa, dangi ga matakan ci gaba na baya da na baya. Tare da haɗin gwiwar marigayi Walter Mischel, Casey ya yi nazarin mahalarta na asali na Mischel na 1972, Stanford Bing Nursery School "Marshmallow Experiment" shekaru 40 bayan haka. Binciken binciken ya ba da shawarar cewa bambance-bambance na mutum a cikin kame kai da aka gani a farkon ƙuruciya na iya zama tsinkaya game da matakai na motsawa da sarrafa hankali a cikin manya.

A lokacin da Casey ta yi shekaru 15 a matsayin darakta na Cibiyar Sackler don Ci gaban Ilimin Halitta, ta haɓaka sanannen sunan cibiyar a duniya,  ta kawo horo da yawa da tallafin cibiyar daga Cibiyar Lafiya ta Kasa, Gidauniyar Kimiyya ta Kasa, Asusun John Merck, Gidaunin Dana, da Gidauniyar MacArthur.  Daga cikin wadannan akwai tallafin kusan dala miliyan 10 daga Cibiyoyin Lafiya na Kasa. Daga 2008 zuwa 2013, daya daga cikin wadannan kyaututtuka ya ba da tallafi ga Cibiyar Nazarin Brain, Gene, da Behavioral (CBGB) Research Across Development, wanda ke da niyyar bincika yadda kwakwalwa-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) ya rinjayi ilmantarwa da martani ga damuwa a duk ci gaba. A cikin shekara ta 2015, Cibiyoyin Lafiya na Kasa sun ba da kuɗin Nazarin Ci gaban Zuciya (ABCD), mafi girman binciken dogon lokaci na lafiyar yara da matasa da ci gaban kwakwalwa a Amurka. An ba Casey tallafin sama da dala miliyan 20 a matsayin Babban Mai Bincike na shafin yanar gizon ABCD Nazarin Jami'ar Yale.

## Jagora da horo.
Casey ta ba da umarnin Cibiyar Nazarin Halitta ta John Merck Fund a kan Biology of Developmental Disabilities daga 2001 zuwa 2010 sannan kuma Mortimer D. Sackler, M.D. Cibiyar Nazaren Halitta a kan Translational Developmental Neuroscience daga 2012 zuwa 2016, duka darussan horo na musamman a kimiyyar ci gaba ga ɗaliban digiri, postdocs, da kuma farkon aikin aiki.

Casey ta ba da umarni a hukumance sama da masu horar da digiri 30 kafin da kuma bayan digiri. Masu horar da ita sun hada da Adriana Galván, Catherine Hartley, Leah Somerville, da Nim Tottenham . Ta sami kyaututtuka na rayuwa don binciken kimiyya da jagoranci, musamman mata a kimiyya daga Association of Psychological Science a cikin 2021 da kuma Society of Neuroscience a cikin 2023.

## Haɗin jama'a.
Casey memba ce ta Cibiyar Bincike ta Gidauniyar MacArthur kan Shari'a da Neuroscience  kuma an kira shi a matsayin gwani a ci gaban kwakwalwar matasa a fannonin kimiyya da shari'a.  An haɗa bincikenta a cikin amicus briefs da aka gabatar wa Kotun Koli ta Amurka don yin jayayya game da hukuncin kisa a cikin yara (Roper v. Simmons, 2005) da kuma rayuwa ta tilas ba tare da parole ba (*Graham v. Florida*, 2010; Miller v. Alabama, 2012). 

## Kyaututtuka da girmamawa

* 2014, Dokta na girmamawa, Jami'ar Utrecht 
* 2015, Kyautar Ruane don Kyakkyawan Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Binciken Kula da Lafiya na Yara da Matasa, Cibiyar Binciken Ciki da Halin 
* 2016, Kiwon Lafiya da Kimiyya ta Rayuwa 50, mujallar Irish America 
* 2017, Kyautar Masanin Masana'antu, Cibiyar Nazarin Neuroscience 
* 2019, Kyautar Flux Huttenlocher, The Society for Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience 
* 2021, Kungiyar Kimiyyar Kimiyya ta Halitta Kyautar Mai ba da Kyauta 
* 2022, Ƙungiyar Kwararrun Kwararrun Kimiyya ta Amirka 
* 2022, Kyautar George A. Miller a cikin Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive neuroscience Society  
* 2023, Kyautar Mika Salpeter ta Rayuwa, Society for Neuroscience 

## Littattafan da aka zaɓa

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## Manazarta