open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Muhammad Bukhari bin Uthman

Muhammad Bukhari Bin Uthman (Larabci: محمدان ان عثمان ان عثmad Al-Bukhārī Bin'Dī; Bukhari babban kwamandan soja ne wanda ya halarci kamfen din da suka jagoranci kamfen da yawa a lokacin jihadi na Usman Dan Fodio.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Muhammad Bukhari a Degel, wani karamin gari a Masarautar Hausa ta Gobir . Mahaifinsa Usman dan Fodio sanannen masanin addinin Musulunci ne kuma mai wa'azi daga dangin Fulani na Torodbe . Mahaifiyarsa Aisha ta fito ne daga dangin da ke da dogon al'adar ilimi. Bukhari ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin mahaifinsa, da kawunsa, Abdullahi . Saboda ya girma a gidan Abdullahi, Bukhari ya ba da yawancin rayuwarsa ga kawunsa. Daga cikin sauran malamansa akwai al-Mustafa bin Muhammad al-Turudi, marubuci ga Usman, kuma mahaifin masanin Sokoto Abd al-Qadir dan Tafa. : 169 : 169 

## Rayuwa
Bukhari na ɗaya daga cikin kwamandoji takwas na Jihad na Sokoto . Ya shiga cikin kamfen a yankin kudancin Khalifancin Sokoto, gami da Nupe, tare da dan uwansa Muhammad Wani, ɗan Abdullahi. : 52 Ya kuma shiga cikin kamfen ɗin Gwandu, da nufin kawo zaman lafiya a yankin. A cikin 1805, Bukhari ya shiga cikin sojojin Abdullahi a yakin da aka yi da mulkin Hausa na Kebbi . Bayan faduwar Birnin-Kebbi, Sarkin Kebbi, Muhammadu Hodi, ya tsere daga babban birnin. Koyaya, a cikin 1816, Hodi ya kafa tsayayya mai tsanani a kan Khalifanci daga sansanoninsa a Kimba, Augi, da Argungu, wanda daga ƙarshe ya ƙare a cikin 1826 lokacin da Bukhari ya kashe shi. : 248–249 : 248–249 

Bayan da aka ci jihadi a 1808, Usman dan Fodio ya nada ɗan'uwansa Abdullahi ya mallaki yankunan yamma da kudancin Khalifanci. Abdullahi ya ba Bukhari aikin kula da yankunan kudancin masarautarsa. A wannan lokacin, Bukhari ya kafa yankin Tambawel wanda ya girma ya zama babban sansani a yankunan kudancin Khalifanci, na biyu kawai ga Gwandu. Koyaya, muhimmancin yankin ya ragu a lokacin mulkin Khalifa Abu Bakr Atiku (1837-1842).  : 79 Farawa a 1812, an kuma ba Bukhari aikin gudanar da Nupe bayan Abdullahi ya yi ritaya daga harkokin gwamnati..

## manazarta
Tunji Oyelana

**Tunji Oyelana** Listenⓘ (an haife ta a ranar 4 ga Oktoba 1939) mawaƙiya ce ta Najeriya da ta lashe lambobin yabo da yawa,  ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, mawaƙan gargajiya, mawaƙiya  kuma sau ɗaya malami ne a Jami'ar Ibadan, Najeriya . Tunji Oyelana ta fito ne daga kabilun Yoruba kuma 'yar asalin Najeriya ce. Yawancin waƙoƙin Tunji Oyelana suna cikin Yoruba. A farkon shekarun 1980s, ya haɗu da wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel ta farko kuma kawai a Najeriya, Wole Soyinka, don yin rikodin kundin kiɗa wanda ya yi watsi da cin hanci da rashawa na manyan 'yan siyasa Na Najeriya. Ya kasance mawaƙi na fim din Stéphane Breton na 1994 Un dieu au bord de la route .  Oyelana an yaba da sayar da mafi yawan kundin da mawaƙa na High Life na Najeriya suka yi. A cikin 2012 ya fitar da A Nigerian Retrospective 1966-79, wani kundi daga Soundway Records . Baya ga Fela Kuti da Sarki Sunny Ade, Oyelana an dauke shi daya daga cikin mawaƙa na Yoruba da aka fi bugawa. Shi da Soyinka sun kirkiro I Love My Country kuma, a cikin 1996, Sani Abacha ya zarge su da cin amana kuma ya tilasta musu gudun hijira yayin da suke yawon shakatawa a duniya tare da wasan Soyinka The *Beatification na Area Boy* . Oyelana, shugaban The Benders a halin yanzu yana zaune a Ƙasar Ingila.

## Ayyukan kiɗa da fim
**Masks na Orisun**

A cikin shekarun 1960, Tunji Oyelana na ɗaya daga cikin mambobi na asali na Wole Soyinka na 1960 Orisun Masks . Ya kira Soyinka "Ọ̀gá", ma'ana "shugaba" a Yoruba. Ya kasance daya daga cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Soyinka na asali da ke tafiya a duk faɗin duniya don fassara rawar da ya taka a cikin irin waɗannan wasan kwaikwayo kamar Kongi's Harvest, The Road, Madmen and Specialists da Opera Wonyosi, ga farin ciki ga masu sauraro.

**Masu Benders**

Daga baya ya fashe da kansa a matsayin masanin ilimin kabilanci, yana samar da kiɗa na gargajiya wanda ya mallaki iska a cikin 70s da 80s tare da ƙungiyar da aka sani da Tunji Oyelana da The Benders . Yawancin kundin sa za su cancanci zama na gargajiya a cikin jinsinsu, suna nuna hikimar asali, al'adun gargajiya da basira, gauraye da ƙarancin haɗin kai da antiphony, suna dogaro da muryar ɗan adam da sauye-sauyen ta don ɗaga ruhun. Tashoshin rediyo suna son kunna kiɗansa kuma masu sauraro sun sami farin ciki sosai daga gare su.

## manazarta
Concha Buika

**María Concepción Balboa **Buika**** (an haife ta a 11 ga Mayu 1972), wacce aka fi sani da **Concha Buika** ko Buika kawai, mawaƙiya ce ta Mutanen Espanya. An zabi kundin ta Niña de Fuego don lambar yabo ta Latin Grammy ta 2008 don Album of the Year kuma an zabi La Noche Más Larga don Mafi kyawun Latin Jazz Album a 56th Annual Grammy Awards a 2014.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Concha Buika a ranar 11 ga Mayu 1972, a Palma na Mallorca a Spain,  'yar marigayi marubuci Juan Balboa da Honorina Buika. Yankin mahaifinta, Balboa, na da zuriyar Cuban mai nisa. An haifi ɗan'uwanta Guillermo "Guillem" Balboa a Equatorial Guinea kuma  magajin gari Alaró na yanzu, ɗan'uwansa  ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne wanda ya yi aiki a jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin daban-daban, kamar Aída, El Secreto de Puente Viejo da Anclados, kuma a fina-finai kamar Palmeras en la nieve, Villaviciosa de al lado da Señor, dame paciencia .[es] Armando Buika, wani daga cikin 'yan uwanta, shi ma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na fim din "Stop Over in Hell" da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin 'Aguila Roja'. Ɗan'uwanta Guillem da iyayenta sun kasance 'yan gudun hijira na siyasa daga ƙasarsu ta Equatorial Guinea kuma sun isa Spain a shekarar 1969, shekaru uku kafin haihuwar Buika. A halin yanzu tana zaune a Miami, Florida, Amurka.

Buika mawaƙiya ce, mawaki, mawaƙiya kuma mai shirya kiɗa. Waƙarta ta samo asali ne daga tasiri daban-daban, daga jazz da flamenco zuwa pop, rai da polyrhythm na Afirka. Ta fara aikinta a matsayin mai bugawa da bassist, ta juya zuwa raira waƙa ne kawai saboda "a Spain babu wanda ke son mace mai bugawa, kuma na gaji da jin a'a, a'a. "  Buika daga nan ta sami shahara ta hanyar raira waƙa a cikin gidajen dare na Madrid a ƙarshen shekarun 1990.  An kwatanta ta da Nina Simone, Chavela Vargas, Cesaria Evora, Billie Holiday, Edith Piaf, da Amy Winehouse.

A shekara ta 2000, *Buika* ta fitar da kundi na farko *Mestizuo* (2000, Producciones Blau S.L.). Wannan ya biyo bayan Buika (2005, DRO) da kuma trilogy da mai samar da kiɗa Javier Limón ya samar: Mi Niña Lola (My Girl Lola - 2006, DRO), Niña de Fuego (Girl of Fire - 2008, Warner), wanda ya haɗa da littafin waƙoƙinta na farko, da El Ultimo Trago (The Last Sip - 2009, Warner), kundin tarihin da ke nuna Chucho Valdés, dan wasan piano na Cuba, da waƙoƙin da ke da ke da alaƙa da Chavela Vargas, mawaƙin ranchera na Mexico. 2

## manazarta
Gundumar Asante-Akim Municipal ta tsakiya

'***Gundumar Asante Akim'<nowiki/>'' ta Tsakiya''' tana ɗaya daga cikin gundumomi arba'in da uku a [[Yankin Ashanti]], [[Ghana]] . Asalin da aka kirkira a matsayin taron gundumar talakawa a cikin 1988 a matsayin '<nowiki/>***Gundumar Asante Akim ta Arewa'**'' ta 1, wacce aka kirkira daga tsohuwar Majalisar Gundumar Asante Akim. Daga baya an ɗaga shi zuwa matsayin majalisa na gundumar don zama **Gundumar Asante Akim ta Arewa** a watan Nuwamba 2007 (ya fara aiki a ranar 29 ga Fabrairu 2008). Koyaya, a watan Yulin 2012, an raba ɓangaren arewacin gundumar don ƙirƙirar sabon Gundumar Asante Akim ta Arewa; don haka an sake sunan sauran ɓangaren ya zama **Gundumar Asante Akim ta Tsakiya'''. Garin yana cikin gabashin yankin Ashanti kuma yana da Konongo a matsayin babban birninta.

## Gudanarwa
Dan majalisa na karamar hukumar shine Kwame Anyimadu-Antwi kuma Susan Akomea ita ce Babban Darakta na Municipal.

## Manazarta
Miss Diva 2015

An gudanar da babban wasan karshe na bugu na uku na Miss Diva a ranar 14 ga Oktoba, 2015. 'Yan takara 16 ne suka fafata domin neman kambun da damar wakiltar Indiya a gasar kyau ta Miss Universe . [1] Urvashi Rautela ta samu kambin Miss Diva 2015, yayin da Natasha Assadi da Naveli Deshmukh suka sami kambi na 1st da 2nd Runners Up bi da bi. [2] An nuna wasan kwaikwayon akan Romedy Yanzu daga 12 Oktoba zuwa 18 Oktoba 2015. Hakanan an watsa shi ta wayar tarho akan Zoom da Zee Cafe .

Urvashi Rautela ya wakilci Indiya a gasar Miss Universe 2015 da aka gudanar a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 2015 a Amurka . 

## Wuraren Wuri

## Manyan Kyaututtuka na Musamman

## Ƙananan Kyaututtuka na Musamman

## Mahalarta

### 'Yan wasan karshe

### Zagayen farko

## Manazarta
Tunde Nightingale

), .**Earnest Olatunde Thomas** (10 Disamba 1922 - 1981),  wanda aka fi sani da **Tunde Nightingale** ko The Western Nightingale, mawaƙi ne kuma ɗan wasan guitar Na Najeriya, wanda aka fi saninsa da salon kiɗa na jùjú na musamman, yana bin al'adar Tunde King .

## Rayuwa ta farko da aiki
An haife shi a Ibadan, ya halarci makaranta a Legas, ya yi aiki a cikin soja, kuma ya yi aiki ga kamfanin jirgin ƙasa. Ya kafa rukuni na farko, ƙungiyar guda uku  wanda ya ƙunshi guitar, tambourine, da shekere, a cikin 1944. Wannan ya kasance a farkon lokacin da mawaƙa na Najeriya suka fara amfani da guitar a matsayin wani ɓangare na rikodin su. Amma salon kiɗansa na *juju* ba shine mafi mashahuri a tsakanin ƙwararrun Legas waɗanda suka mamaye yanayin zamantakewa ba kuma wasan kwaikwayon ya iyakance ga mashaya wanda ya ba da iyakantaccen damar samun kudin shiga. A shekara ta 1952, ƙungiyarsa, Tunde Nightingale da ƙungiyarsa ta Agba Jolly, sun gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo na yau da kullun a Kungiyar Yammacin Afirka, Ibadan . Mutanen zamaninsa sun hada da Ayinde Bakare, I. K. Dairo da Dele Ojo .  A shekara ta 1952, ƙungiyarsa ta faɗaɗa zuwa mambobi takwas kuma ta yi wasa a Kungiyar Yammacin Afirka a Ibadan . Tsakanin shekara ta 1954 zuwa shekara ta 1964, shahararren Nightingale ya fi kyau amma har yanzu yana da 'yan kaɗan. A tsakiyar shekarun 1960, ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar rikodin tare da Mista Jossy Fajimolu . A wannan lokacin, waƙarsa ta sami karbuwa tsakanin wasu mutane a Legas waɗanda suka ga ya fi dacewa da jam'iyyun zamantakewa fiye da ɗakunan rawa. Ya haɓaka salon sa na kiɗa na juju wanda ya haɗa da ɗaki don yabo da waƙoƙi a matsayin kiɗa na jam'iyya kuma ba a buga shi a dakuna ko rawa. An san salon kiɗansa da So Wàmbè ("Shin yana nan?"), mai yiwuwa ma'anar ma'ana biyu ga beads da aka rufe a kan cinyarsa na mata masu rawa. A cikin shekarun 1960, shahararsa ta karu a tsakanin manyan mutanen Legas, wadanda suka tallafa masa a kan yawon shakatawa a kasashen waje. Lokacin da ya dawo, ya sanya hannu tare da lakabin TYC. A cikin duka, ya rubuta fiye da 40 albums a cikin aikinsa. Taurari na zamani kamar Sarki Sunny Adé da Sarauniya Ayo Balogun suna ci gaba da rinjayar salon sa. Baya ga gaskiyar cewa ya "yi sauti", a zahiri, kamar nightingale, ya kuma ajiye tsuntsu mai rai a gidansa.

## manazarta
Sare bishiyu a dajin Peru

Rage gandun daji a Peru shine tsari na lalata gandun daji na yankin gandun daji da ke Peru. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2013, Peru tana da fiye da kashi 50% na kasar a cikin gandun daji. Wani muhimmin bangare na wannan ɗaukar hoto shine Peruvian Amazonia . A cewar Ma'aikatar Muhalli (Peru)  tsakanin 2001 da 2018 kasar ta rasa hekta miliyan 2.2 na gandun daji, galibi a yankunan Amazon na Loreto, San Martín da Ucayali .  A cewar Global Forest Watch, wannan ya kasance raguwar 3.1% a cikin gandun daji na farko a wannan lokacin. A cikin 2014, taswirar Amazonia na Peru ya nuna cewa fiye da kashi 25% na yankin gandun daji da ya ɓace wani ɓangare ne na yankuna na asali da wuraren da aka kiyaye. A cikin 2020, Amazon na Peru ya rasa fiye da hekta 200,000.

Rashin gandun daji yana haifar da lalacewar gandun daji, da kuma ikon su na kama carbon a cikin yanayin halittu, samar da tushen hayaki na carbon ga Peru  a cikin 2012, hanyoyin sare gandun daji sun fitar da kusan 80 gigatons na CO<sub>2</sub> daidai.  Peru tana da 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index na 8.86/10, wanda ya sanya shi na 14 a duniya daga cikin kasashe 172.

Abubuwan da suka haifar da yawancin dazuzzukan da aka yi hasarar su ne faɗaɗa noma da kiwo, ayyukan hanyoyi, haƙar itace da karuwar yawan jama'a. Kananan noma shi ne babban dalilin sare dazuzzuka, amma kuma matsin lamba daga masana’antu masu hakar ma’adinai da fataucin miyagun kwayoyi.

Gwamnatin Peruvian ta ce kashi 8 cikin 100 na gandun daji na Peru za a iya ceto ko kuma a kiyaye su. Wani kiyasi na 2014 ya nuna cewa Peru na buƙatar kusan dala miliyan 25 a shekara don shekaru 10 masu zuwa don samun damar adana aƙalla hectare miliyan 54. Tun daga 2014, gwamnatin Peruvian ta ba da dala miliyan 5 a shekara kuma tana neman dala miliyan 20 a shekara daga wasu ƙasashe.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Wajen hagar ma'adanai ta Rio Huaypetue

Mahakar ma'adinan Río Huaypetue babban budadden rami ne [mai shakku - tattauna] ma'adinan zinare a kudu maso gabashin Peru, a cikin yankin Cusco kuma kusa da kan iyaka da yankunan Madre de Dios da Puno. An yi kiyasin cewa a kololuwar samar da kayayyaki a shekarar 1998, kusan kashi 2 cikin 100 na abin da ake noman gwal a duniya na iya fitowa daga Huaypetue. 

Saboda nisan yankin da ke cikin yankin Amazon na Peruvian inda ma'adinan ya kasance ba a tsara tsarin aikin hakar ma'adinan ba, tare da rahotanni da yawa na aikin yara da lalata muhalli. A cewar wasu rahotannin yara ‘yan kasa da shekaru 12 suna aiki a ma’adinan, inda jami’an gwamnati suka bayyana irin yanayin da ake ciki na bayi, kuma sun yi kiyasin cewa a wasu sassa, kashi 50 na ma’aikata maza ne ‘yan kasa da shekaru 18. Yanayin aiki yana da wahala tare da kwanaki 10 zuwa 12 kuma ma’aikata da dama suna fama da rashin abinci mai gina jiki. A matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin hakar ma'adinan ana amfani da mercury don raba gwal, tare da mercury a wasu lokuta gauraye da hannu kafin a ƙone shi. Yaran da aka fallasa su da abubuwan suna fuskantar haɗarin lalacewar kwakwalwa. 

Ayyukan hakar ma'adinan saman sun bazu zuwa sama da murabba'in kilomita 100, yankin da dazuzzukan farko ya rufe a baya. Gurbacewar Mercury daga ma'adinan ya yadu, yana haifar da haɗari ga kifi da sauran rayuwar ruwa a ƙarƙashin ma'adinan. Za a iya gano laka da magudanar ruwa daga mahakar na tsawon daruruwan kilomita a gefen kogin. 

## Dubi kuma

* List of mines in Peru
* La Rinconada, Peru
* Pallaqueo
* Pirquinero

## 13°00′41′′S 70°32′45′′W / 13.011503°S 70.545742°W / -13.011503; -70.545746

## Haɗin waje

* Hotunan yankin na ma'adinin Huaypetue
* ParksWatch: Barazanar da ake yi wa Amarakaeri Community Reserve
Hagar Ma'adinai ba bisa ka'ida ba a Peru

Hako ma'adinai ba bisa ka'ida ba ko kuma hakar ma'adinai ba bisa ka'ida ba wani aiki ne na tattalin arziki na kowa a Peru, wanda ya ƙunshi cin gajiyar ma'adinan ƙarfe (kamar zinari) da ma'adanai marasa ƙarfe (laka, marmara, da sauransu) don ba da kuɗi ga ƙungiyoyin masu laifi. Ma'adinai ba bisa ka'ida ba sun zama sanannun a ƙarshen shekarun 1970 tare da fitowar rashin daidaituwa a wannan ɓangaren. Haƙar ma'adinai ba bisa ƙa'ida ba a cikin Peru ba ta da ka'idoji na zamantakewa da muhalli ko ƙa'idodi, yanayin da yake da alaƙa da sashin ma'adinai na fasaha a cikin ƙasar.

Wadanda ke gudanar da ayyukan hakar ma'adinai ba bisa ka'ida ba a waje da hanyoyin sarrafawa na jihar Peruvian kuma suna guje wa ka'idojin doka masu dacewa. Ayyukan hakar ma'adinai ba bisa ka'ida ba galibi suna cikin sassan Madre de Dios, Puno da La Libertad. Game da gandun daji na Amazon, wuraren da aka kare 17 sun lalace ta hanyarsa.

Kasar Peru na daya daga cikin kasashe daban-daban a yankin, kamar Brazil, Colombia da Ecuador da ke da matsala sosai kan hakar ma'adinai ba bisa ka'ida ba.

A cikin 2000s, a cikin sashen Amazonian na Madre de Dios, cin zarafi ba bisa ka'ida ba na zinare ya karu da daukar ma'aikata da tilasta wa matasa yin karuwanci ta hanyar ba da aikin yi na karya.

## Dubi kuma

* Batutuwan muhalli a Peru
* Ma'adinai ba bisa ka'ida ba a Chile
* La Rinconada, Peru
* Pallaqueo
* Jirgin ruwa.

## Bayanan da aka ambata

; Bayanan littattafai

*
2025 Yajin aikin yankin Cajamarca

Yajin aikin yankin Cajamarca na 2025 ya fara ne a ranar 6 ga Oktoba a Cajamarca a Peru, wanda Rondas campesinas ya kira don nuna adawa da rashin tsaro, watsi da ayyukan more rayuwa da kuma yaki da hako ma'adinai ba bisa ka'ida ba.

## Jerin lokaci

### 1 ga Oktoba
A Jaén Kungiyar Rondas Campesinas da Sufuri sun kira yajin aikin yanki na ranar 6 ga Oktoba, Wakilin masu jigilar kayayyaki na M1, Wincler Delgado, ya tabbatar da shigar da sassan jigilar M1, M2 da M3.

Shugaban Federación de Rondas Campesinas de Cajamarca, Johan Fernández, ya ayyana cewa dandalin gwagwarmaya yana mai da hankali kan bukatar kammala babbar hanyar Saliyo a sassanta Chiple –Cutervo –Cochabamba, Lajas – Chota, Bambamarca – Cajamarca, Cajabamba – Cajamarcay –Chovoyape. 

### 6 ga Oktoba
An bayar da rahoton toshewa a kan babbar hanyar Chiple - Cutervo da Bellavista - Jaén, a Cutervo Rondas Campesinas an gano kuma an tsare jami'an 'yan sanda na ɓoye,  'yan sanda ta ƙasar Peru sun tura ayyukan sintiri. 

### 7 ga Oktoba
Sakataren kungiyar Federación Regional de Rondas Campesinas de Cajamarca, Juan Carlos Guevara, ya yi nuni da cewa yajin aikin yankin da aka kira ya yi tasiri sosai.

### 8 ga Oktoba
Masu zanga-zangar sun toshe muhimman wurare kamar Chiple (Cutervo), Chamaya (Jaén) da Bellavista (San Ignacio). 

### 9 ga Oktoba
Wani shugaban kungiyar Rondas campesinas daga San Ignacio ya tabbatar da cewa kungiyoyin manoma bakwai na ci gaba da jajircewa wajen fafutukar da suke yi tare da gargadin cewa zanga-zangar za ta kara yin tsamari nan da 'yan sa'o'i kadan.

### 10 ga Oktoba
Frente de Defensa de los Intereses y Patrimonio de Cutervo ne ya sanar da dakatar da yajin aikin yanki na dindindin a Cajamarca, bayan tsige Dina Boluarte, amma bisa ga bayanan Domiciano Gonzáles, shugaban Federación Subregional de Rondas Campesinas, an rufe hanyoyin tsakanin Chaén da Chaén.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Kogin Lakhish

**[[Kogi|kogin]] Lakhish** (Ibrananci: נחל לכיש, Nahal Lakhish) kogi ne a cikin Isra'ila wanda ke gudana cikin Tekun Bahar Rum a birnin Ashdod. Hakanan ana kiranta da Wadi Kabiba (bangaren cikin ƙasa) da Wadi Sukhrir (bangar Ashdod) a cikin Larabci.

## Tarihi
Yankin tafkin yana da kilomita 1,020 kuma tsawon kusan kilomita 70. Maɓuɓɓugar kogin suna cikin kudancin West Bank kuma rafin sau da yawa yana ambaliyar ruwa a Lokacin ruwan sama.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Kogin yana gurɓatar da sharar masana'antu da najasa, saboda wani ɓangare na wurin da yake raba yankin masana'antu da tashar jiragen ruwa da sauran Ashdod. An gudanar da shirin gyarawa a cikin shekaru da suka gabata tare da nasara iri-iri.

## Dubi kuma

* Geography of Israel

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Diospyros whyteana

***Diospyros whyteana*** (wanda aka fi sani da bladdernut, **Swarts**, **Kofi na daji** ko **umTenatane**) ƙaramin itace ne na Afirka na dangin ebony . Yana ɗauke da kore mai duhu, ganye masu haske da furanni masu ƙanshi, ana noma shi a cikin lambunan Kudancin Afirka a matsayin itace mai ban sha'awa da ƙarfi. Zai iya kaiwa tsawo har zuwa 6 m.

## Rarraba
Bladdernut yana da rarraba mai yawa, yana faruwa daga Cape Town a kudu zuwa Dutsen Arc na Gabashin Tanzania a arewa, ta hanyar Afirka ta Kudu, Eswatini, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zambia, da Malawi, da Tanzania.  Yana girma a cikin gandun daji na Afro-montane da kuma kan gangaren dutse.

Yana girma a gefen gandun daji mai laushi, sau da yawa tare da itatuwan *Hagenia abyssinica*, *Newtonia* spp. , da *Cephalosphaera usambarensis*, a cikin gandun daji tare da rafi da koguna, da kuma cikin gandun dajin. Ya kasance daga (1350-) 1500 zuwa 2300 mita tsawo a cikin wurare masu zafi, kuma kusan zuwa matakin teku a cikin yanayin yanayi na Afirka ta Kudu a kudancin ƙarshen kewayenta.

## Shuka
Wannan ƙaramin itace mai ban sha'awa yana da kyau ga lambuna, tare da siffarsa mai kyau, ganye masu duhu da ƙananan jan 'ya'yan itace, waɗanda suka fara tasowa daga kimanin Agusta zuwa Nuwamba. Idan aka dasa shi kadai yana yin "tsire mai mahimmanci" mai kyau (musamman a cikin ƙananan lambuna). Koyaya, yana kuma yin shinge mai kyau, saboda yana da ganyayyaki masu yawa kuma yana amsawa sosai ga yankewa. A ƙarshe, ana iya shuka shi azaman shuka mai akwati (Har ma ana amfani dashi azaman samfurin Bonsai). Ana iya shuka *Diospyros* a cikin rana da kuma inuwa, kodayake yana girma da tsayi a cikin inuwa. Da zarar an kafa shi, yana Mai tsayayya da fari. Yana da furanni masu ƙanshi, kuma yana jan hankalin tsuntsaye zuwa lambun.

Diospyros ne dioecious (raba namiji da mace itatuwa), amma ana iya yaduwa cikin sauƙi daga iri, wanda ya kamata a fara gogewa / gogewa kafin dasa. Tsuntsu yawanci yana tsiro a cikin makonni da yawa, kuma ƙananan bishiyoyi suna da jinkirin girma.￼

## Hotuna

Fayil:Diospyros_whyteana_-_small_tree.JPG|A small specimen, growing in Cape Town.
Fayil:Diospyros_whyteana_-_scented_flowers.JPG|The small white flowers will fill a garden with pleasant fragrance.
Fayil:Diospyros_whyteana_-_flowers.JPG
Fayil:Diospyros_whyteana_-_Kirstenbosch_-_Cape_Town.JPG|Medium-sized specimen in Kirstenbosch gardens on the slopes of Table Mountain.
Fayil:Diospyros_whyteana_Bladdernut_tree_hedge_Cape_Town_3.jpg|*Diospyros whyteana* used for hedging in South Africa.
Fayil:Diospyros_whyteana_-_foliage_8.JPG|Detail of foliage
Fayil:Diospyros_whyteana_-_fruit_and_seeds_3.JPG|The fruits of the Bladdernut tree are enclosed in a paper-like sheath, while the seeds make a good coffee substitute when ground up.
Fayil:Diospyros_whyteana_-_bush_-_Cape_Town.jpg|Diospyros can be pruned into a small bush.


## Manazarta

## Ƙarin karantawa
Ficus brachypoda

Ficus brachypoda itace ne a cikin dangin Moraceae asalin arewacin Australia . Yana da banyan na jinsin Ficus wanda ya ƙunshi kusan nau'in 750 a duk duniya a cikin yanayi mai dumi, gami da ɓaure mai cin abinci (Ficus carica).￼

*Ficus brachypoda* mai yiwuwa ne nau'in jinsuna. Wani sabon nau'in Ficus desertorum ya rabuwa daga kungiyar.

## Manazarta

## haɗin na waje
* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 2021]. "Suna ɓoyewa a bayyane, Ficus desertorum (Moraceae), sabon nau'in dutse na ɓaure na Tsakiyar Australia". *Telopea*. **24**: 283–301. [Hotuna a shafi na 10] ISSN 2200-4025.&nbsp;
Juniperus drupacea

***juniper drupacea***, **Juniper na [[Siriya]]**, nau'in juniper ne na asalin yankin gabashin Bahar Rum daga kudancin Girka (dutse Parnon a cikin Peloponnese), kudancin Turkiyya, yammacin Siriya, Lebanon, da arewacin Isra'ila, yana girma a kan wuraren duwatsu daga mita 800-1,700 (2,600-5,600 feet) a tsawo. Wannan nau'in shine kawai memba na ƙungiyar *Juniperus*. *Caryocedrus*. ,  wanda wani lokacin ana gane shi a matsayin nau'in *Arceuthos*. 

## Bayyanawa
Juniperus drupacea shine nau'in juniper mafi tsayi, yana samar da bishiyar juniper mai tsayi 10-25 (33-82 ft) tsayi, musamman har zuwa mita 40 (130 ft), kuma tare da gangar jikin har zuwa mita 1-2 (3.3-6.6 ft) mai kauri. Yana da ganye masu kama da allura a cikin guda uku; ganyen kore ne, milimita 5-25 (0.20-0.98 in) tsayi da faɗin 2–3 mm, tare da bandeji fari guda biyu na stomatal (wanda aka raba ta tsakiyar tsakiyar koren) a saman ciki. Yawancin lokaci dioecious ne, tare da tsire-tsire maza da mata daban.

Cones iri sune mafi girma a cikin kowane juniper, kamar Berry amma mai wuya da bushewa, koren ripening a cikin kimanin watanni 25 zuwa duhu purple-launin ruwan kasa tare da kodadde blue waxy shafi; ba su da kyau zuwa sikeli, 20-27 millimeters (0.79-1.06 in) tsayi da diamita 20-25 mm, kuma suna da ma'auni shida ko tara a cikin 2-3 ma'auni, kowane ma'auni tare da ɗan ɗaga koli. Ma'aunin apical guda uku kowanne yana ɗauke da iri ɗaya, amma tare da tsaban guda uku an haɗa su cikin harsashi ɗaya mai kama da kwaya. Ana samar da mazugi na maza a gungu (ba kamar kowane juniper ba) na cones 5-20 tare, rawaya, tsayin 3-4 mm, kuma suna faɗi jim kaɗan bayan zubar da pollen su a farkon bazara.￼
 

## Tarihin lissafi

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Arboretum na Villardebelle hotuna na cones & shots
* Conifers A ko'ina cikin Duniya: Juniperus drupacea - Juniper na Siriya.
Beilschmiedia berteroana

***Beilschmiedia berteroana*** (itace na kudancin, belloto del sur a cikin Mutanen Espanya) itace mai barazanar ne a cikin iyalin Lauraceae da ke cikin Chile a 35 zuwa 37 ° S.

## Bayyanawa
Zai iya auna 30 m a tsawo da mita daya a diamita. Akwatin madaidaiciya ne kuma reshe, kuma bark din yana da launin toka tare da fissures masu tsayi. Bishiyoyi suna da tsayayya da kuma tsayayya, elliptical zuwa aovate-elliptical, kuma suna da dukkan gefen; suna da kore mai haske a sama kuma suna da glaucous a ƙasa. A saman ne zagaye ko dan kadan emarginated kuma tushe ne dan kadan wedge-shaped. Shafuka suna da kimanin 3-7.5 cm tsawo da 2-4 cm fadi, tare da pubescent pecioles 2-5 mm tsawo. Ana shirya furanni na hermaphrodite a cikin inflorescences kimanin 5-6 cm tsawo. Fure-fure na pedicellate suna da 4-6 mm kuma suna da launin kore-jaune. 'Ya'yan itace mai cin abinci kore ne, globose drupe tare da iri ɗaya, 1.5-2 cm a diamita, tare da ma'ana a saman.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

## Muhalli
Yana girma a tsawo har zuwa 1800 m sama da matakin teku, kuma yana da haƙuri mai ƙanƙara a cikin wannan mafi yawan nau'in wurare masu zafi. Wani takamaiman misali na abin da ya faru yana cikin La Campana National Park na tsakiyar Chile kuma a cikin Cerro La Campana da ke kusa; a wannan wurin yana da alaƙa da dabino na ruwan inabi na Chile, itace da ke da rarrabawar prehistoric fiye da yanzu.

## Amfani da noma

'Ya'yan itace masu cin abinci, tare da dandano mai dadi; na amfani da gida, tare da yiwuwar' ya'yan itaci. Yankin B. berteroana yana da amfani don fata. Sau da yawa ana amfani dashi azaman itace mai ban sha'awa a Chile. Yana fure tsakanin Yuli da Agusta (Kudancin Hemisphere). Ana amfani da furanni ta hanyar gabatar da ƙudan zuma na Turai don samar da zuma mai daɗi sosai. Itacen yana da kyau sosai kuma yana da wuya. Zai iya girma har zuwa Yankin USDA 9b. An dasa itacen kuma an daidaita shi a Spain, amma ba a yawan ganin shi a can.[1]￼

## Dubi kuma

* *Gomortega keule*
* *Avellanita bustillosii*
* *Cryptocarya alba*
* *Peumus boldus*

## Manazarta

* [Hasiya] An yi amfani da kalmar nan "Echeverría", kuma an yi amfani da ita a lokacin da aka yi amfani da wannan kalmar. 2005. Tsire-tsire masu barazana na Tsakiyar Kudancin Chile. Rarraba, kiyayewa da yaduwa. Buga na farko. Jami'ar Austral ta Chile da Royal Botanical Garden na Edimburgo, Valdivia. 188 shafi na.
* C. Michael Hogan (2008) Furen ruwan inabi na Chile: Jubaea chilensis, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg
* 
* R. Rodríguez, da kuma M. Quezada. 2001. Laurales. A cikin C. Marticorena da R. Rodríguez [eds.], Flora de Chile Vol. 2, shafuffuka 10-19. Jami'ar Concepción, Concepción.

## Bayanan layi

## Haɗin waje

* ''Beilschmiedia berteroana'' a cikin Enciclopedia de la Flora Chilena
Betula pumila

***Betula pumila*** (**dwarf birch**  ko **bog birch** ) itace mai laushi ne na asalin Arewacin Amurka. Bog birch yana faruwa a wani yanki mai girma na arewacin Arewacin Amurka, daga Yukon a yamma zuwa New England a gabas kuma har zuwa Washington da Oregon, suna zaune a cikin maras kyau da yankunan riparian a cikin gandun daji.

## Bayyanawa
Ya kai 1-4 a tsawo. Kamar sauran birches, yana da monoecious kuma tsarin haifuwa shine catkins. Bishiyoyi suna canzawa amma kusa da juna, musamman a kan mutane masu saurin girma. Shafuka suna da ƙuƙwalwa kuma suna da ƙwallo a tushe.

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Native Plant Database profile, Cibiyar Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower, Jami'ar Texas a Austin
Margaret Jacobsohn

Margaret Jacobsohn 'yar Namibiya ce mai kula da muhalli . An ba ta lambar yabo ta muhalli ta Goldman a cikin 1993, tare da Garth Owen-Smith, don ƙoƙarinsu na kiyaye namun daji a ƙauyen Namibiya.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife ta a Pretoria, Afirka ta Kudu . Ta zama ma'aikaciyar NGO a cikin kula da albarkatun kasa na al'umma, a Namibiya . Tun a shekarar 1983, a arewa maso gabashin Namibiya, tare da Garth Owen-Smith, suke yaki da matsalar farauta ba bisa ka'ida ba, wanda ke lalata nau'o'in nau'i irin su bakaken karkanda da giwayen hamada, da kuma bunkasa tattalin arziki da zamantakewar al'ummar yankin. Ta hanyar ayyukansu, an fi sarrafa farauta. Al'ummar karkara ne suka keɓe masu gadin wasan. Ana kula da sauran albarkatun kasa, irin su dabino, ciyawa, rini na shuka da lili na ruwa.   Ta zama mai sha'awar 'yan kabilar Himba, inda ta sadaukar da wani littafi da aka buga a 2003 zuwa gare su, *Himba, makiyaya na Namibiya* . Suna ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyin Afirka da ke amfani da jan ocher, a matsayin cikakkiyar kayan shafa da ake kira otjize . Tun asali Himba na cikin rukunin Herero ne .

An ba ta lambar yabo ta muhalli ta Goldman a cikin 1993, tare da Garth Owen-Smith,  da Global 500 Roll of Honor a 1994.  A cikin 1996, bayan shirye-shiryensu, gwamnatin Namibiya ta karɓi abin da aka sani da Dokar Kare Yankunan Jama'a. Wannan gyare-gyaren ya baiwa al'ummomin karkara da ke zaune a filayen mallakar gwamnati damar sarrafa da kuma cin gajiyar namun daji kamar yadda manoman gonaki masu zaman kansu suke yi. 

## Ayyuka

* *Himba, makiyayan Namibiya*, Hotunan Peter da Beverly Pickford, rubutu ta Margaret Jacobsohn, 2003.
* Margaret Jocobsohn da abokiyar zamanta an fi saninta da ƙwararrun masu kula da al'umma, kuma yunƙurin haɗin gwiwarsu sun kafa dabarun kiyaye Namibiya a matsayin tsarin da za a yaba da kuma yin kwaikwayi a duk faɗin nahiyar Afirka. Sun hada kai ne suka kafa Integrated Rural Development and Nature Conservation (IRDNC) ta hanyar kafa sabuwar kawance da shugabannin al'umma a shekarun 1980 don kawo karshen yawaitar farauta da barna da ya yi kamari a yankin arewa maso yammacin Namibiya . Bayan sun sauka daga shugabancin IRDNC, Garth da Margie Jacobsohn sun taimaka wajen baiwa Conservancy Safaris Namibia, wani kamfani yawon bude ido mallakin wasu hukumomin Himba guda biyar da kansu.  

## Kyauta
An ba Margaret Jacobsohn lambar yabo ta " Goldman Environmental Prize " a cikin 1993 saboda aikin da suka yi na taimakawa al'ummomin karkara don danganta ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki don kiyaye abubuwan ban mamaki na yankin. 

A shekara ta 2015, an ba Garth Owen-Smith lambar yabo ta Yarima William lambar yabo ta kiyayewa a Afirka don karrama gudunmawar da ya bayar a rayuwa tare da Dr. Margaret Jacobsohn kan maido da kiyaye namun daji a Namibiya. 

## Manazarta
Garth Owen-Smith

Garth Owen-Smith (22 Fabrairu 1944 [1] – 11 Afrilu 2020) ɗan Afirka ta Kudu-Namibiya ne mai kula da muhalli . [2] An ba shi lambar yabo ta muhalli ta Goldman a cikin 1993, tare da Margaret Jacobsohn, saboda kokarinsu na kiyaye namun daji a Namibiya, inda farauta ba bisa ka'ida ba ke barazana ga nau'ikan giwaye, zakuna da bakaken karkanda . [3]

Garth Owen-Smith ya fahimci cewa al'ummomin yankin su ne mafita ga kiyayewa, ba matsalar da aka yi imani da su a lokacin ba. Daga wannan babban sauyi na falsafa, ya haifar da ra'ayin kula da albarkatun kasa na al'umma, wanda shine tushen gagarumin nasarorin da Namibiya ta samu a cikin manyan tsare-tsare. 

An ba shi lambar yabo ta Global 500 Roll of Honor a cikin 1994. 

## Ayyuka
An san Garth da matarsa a matsayin masu fafutukar kare al'umma, kuma kokarinsu na hadin gwiwa ya kafa dabarun kiyaye Namibiya a matsayin wani tsari da za a yaba da kuma yin kwaikwayi a duk fadin nahiyar Afirka. Sun hada kai ne suka kafa Integrated Rural Development and Nature Conservation (IRDNC) ta hanyar kafa sabuwar kawance da shugabannin al’umma a shekarun 1980 domin kawo karshen matsalar farauta da barnar da ta yi kamari a yankin arewa maso yammacin kasar Namibiya.  Bayan sun sauka daga jagorancin haɗin gwiwar IRDNC, Garth da Margie Jacobsohn sun taimaka wajen ba da jagoranci na Conservancy Safaris Namibia, wani kamfanin yawon shakatawa mallakar wasu hukumomin Himba biyar da kansu. 

## Kyauta
A shekarar 2015 ne aka baiwa Garth Owen-Smith lambar yabo ta Yarima William a Afirka don karramawa da gudunmawar da ya bayar a tsawon rayuwarsa tare da Dr. Margaret Jacobsohn wajen maido da kiyaye namun daji a Namibiya.  

Kyautar 1997 Knights na Order of the Golden Ark Award daga Netherlands 

A cikin 1993, Owen Smith ya sami lambar yabo ta muhalli ta Goldman wanda kuma aka sani da "Nobel Green". Ana amfani da lambar yabo don karrama masu fafutukar kare muhalli a kowace shekara. 

Ya kuma sami lambar yabo ta 1994 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Global Environmental 500. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Garth Owen-Smith (1944-2020) - Babban itace ya faɗi, Daily Maverick
Yemi Elebuibon

Ifá Hyūmi Ọ̀ṣúndàgbonù Elebuibon (an haife shi a shekara ta 1947) marubuci ne na Yoruba kuma ɗan Najeriya, mawaƙi, marubuci, masanin harshe, kuma sanannen firist na Ifa a duniya.  Ayyukansa da fina-finai sun sami yabo a duk duniya saboda kokarin da ya yi na adana Al'adun Yoruba da al'adunsu. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin malami mai tafiya a cibiyoyi da yawa ciki har da sashen yaren Afirka da adabi a Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo da Black Studies a Jami'an Jihar San Francisco da kuma Cibiyar Al'adu ta Wa Messenger a California..

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Elebuibon a shekara ta 1947 a Osogbo  ga Akínrìndé Àkàndé Ẹlẹ́búìbọn (c. 1885 - 1957) firist ne kuma mafarauci, kuma Ṣíjuwọya Abeje Ẹlẹ́ búìbọn. Elebuibon ya fito ne daga doguwar layin mafarauta, firistoci, masu kula da ganye, da mayaƙa. An yi iƙirarin cewa mahaifinsa ya fito ne daga zuriyar jarumi mai suna Olutimehin, ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa birnin Osogbo. An haifi mahaifiyarsa a cikin iyalin firistoci waɗanda ke bauta wa Oya da Ifa. An ba da taken "Araba" ga babban firist na Ifa na Osogbo, kuma **Rubutu mai gwaɓi**kakan mahaifiyarsa ne ya riƙe wannan taken, Kwàhìndé Adé Hyūmi Awóníyì, wanda ya fi dadewa a matsayin Araba na Osogbo. Kakar mahaifiyarsa ita ce Oyawenu Awoniyi . Sunayen Elebuibon da iyayensa a bayyane suke bayyana a cikin bayanin asalin da al'adun iyali. Sunan mahaifiyar Elebuibon, Sijuwoya yana nufin "Bura idanunka don ganin / bauta wa Oya," yana nuna iyayenta suna bauta wa Oya. "Elebuibon" ya samo asali ne daga laƙabi na ma'anar mahaifinsa "Mai bindigogi da yawa," yana nuna cewa shi mafarauci ne. Sunan budurwar mahaifiyar Elebuibon Awoniyi yana nufin "The Oracle yana da mahimmanci," oracle yana nufin Ifa . 

## Ayyuka =='''Rubutu mai gwaɓi'''
.

## manazarta
Tajo Lamidi

**Tajo Lamidi** (mai suna *Mufutau Tèmítáyọ̀ Lamidi*; an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, 1965) masanin kimiyya ne na Najeriya. Shi ne farfesa na Generative Syntax da Contact Linguistics a Sashen Turanci, Jami'ar Ibadan . Yana daya daga cikin sanannun masu tsarawa na Najeriya.

## Rayuwa ta farko
Lamidi ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Methodist, Ilesa, Jihar Osun, inda ya kammala a shekarar 1982. Daga nan ya shiga Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Jihar Osun, Ile-Ife, inda yake da HSC a Yoruba, Littattafai da Nazarin Addinin Kirista a shekarar 1985. Ya sami digiri na Bachelors, Masters da PhD a Sashen Turanci, Jami'ar Ibadan a cikin 1991, 1997 da 2003, bi da bi.

## Ayyuka
Ya fara aikin koyarwa a watan Mayu, 1997 a matsayin mataimakin digiri. Ya tashi ya zama farfesa a watan Oktoba, 2011. Ya kasance malami na ɗan lokaci a Jami'ar Olabisi Onabanjo, Ago Iwoye kuma malami mai ziyara a Jami'an Neja Delta, Wilberforce Island . Tsakanin watan Agusta 2016 da Yuli 2017, ya kasance malamin ziyara a Ghana" id="mwMQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="University of Ghana">Jami'ar Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana .

Shi memba ne na Ƙungiyar Nazarin Amirka ta Najeriya, Ƙungiyar Masanan Ingilishi ta Najeriya (tsohon Ƙungiyar Nazaren Ingilishi ta Nigeria) da Ƙungiyar Harshen Yammacin Afirka. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai jarrabawa na waje don binciken digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Njala, Saliyo da Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo, Ile-Ife, Najeriya. i

## manazarta
Earl Stevick

**Earl Wilson Stevick** (/ˈstiːvɪk/;  23 ga Oktoba, 1923 - 13 ga Agusta, 2013)  ya kasance gwani a cikin ilmantarwa da koyarwa. Stevick ya kasance mai tasiri wajen bunkasa hanyar sadarwa don koyon harshe. Ya kasance Kirista ne mai aiki kuma bangaskiyarsa ta rinjayi yadda yake zuwa ilimi.

Earl Stevick ya yi karatun gwamnati a Jami'ar Harvard, ya sami Jagora na Fasaha a Koyar da Turanci a Jami'an Columbia, da kuma PhD a ilimin harshe a Jami'a ta Cornell. Bayan ya sami digirinsa na PhD, Stevick ya fara koyarwa a Kwalejin Scarritt don Ma'aikatan Kirista a Nashville, Tennessee. Ya nemi kuma ya sami Ford Fellowship kuma ya tafi koyarwa a Angola, Belgian Congo (yanzu Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo) da Kudancin Rhodesia (yanzu Zimbabwe) na tsawon shekaru biyu. Daga nan ya yi aiki a Cibiyar Kula da Harkokin Waje ta Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, yana kirkirar darussan don koyon yarukan Afirka na gida.

A matsayinsa na masanin harshe, Stevick yana da sha'awar yin rikodin sautunan yarukan Afirka. A cikin darussan harshe da ya shirya don Cibiyar Kula da Harkokin Waje, Washington, musamman a cikin darussin Yoruba, Chinyanja, Shona, Kirundi, da Luganda, ana nuna sautunan da daki-daki da daidaito da ba a gani ba a cikin ilimin da ya gabata 

## Iyali
Stevick ya auri Betty Rae Culp a shekarar 1948. A lokacin mutuwarsa yana da jikoki takwas da jikoki shida.

## Manazarta
Rediyon Legas

**Rediyon Legas 107.5 FM** (wanda aka fi sani da Tiwa n' Tiwa) ya fara aiki a 1977 a matsayin reshe na Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Najeriya (NBC). Ita ce Tashar rediyo ta FM ta farko a Jihar Legas.

Tashar da farko tana aiki a kan nau'ikan AM guda biyu (990 kHz.303mtrs da 918 kHz.327mtrs). Bukatar canji ta samar da Rediyo Legas 107.5 FM (Tiwa n'Tiwa) a karkashin ikon Rediyo na Jihar Legas a shekara ta 2001.&nbsp;&nbsp;

tashar sun hada da masu sauraron Yoruba a Legas da kuma 'yan Najeriya..

Naɗin Mista Olajide Isiaka Lawal a matsayin Janar Manajan Rediyo Legas ya sami izini daga Gwamnan Jihar Legas, Mista Babajide Sanwo-Olu . 

## Manazarta
Blythe Loutit

Blythe Loutit née Pascoe (14 Nuwamba 1940, a Natal, Afirka ta Kudu - 15 Yuni 2005, a Namibia ) memba ce ta Ajiye Rhino Trust (SRT), mai zane kuma mai kiyayewa da ake girmamawa.

 

## Tarihin Rayuwa

Karamin cikin yara hudu, ta girma a gonar iyayenta a Natal kuma ta sami karatunta a Pietermaritzburg . Mahaifiyarta, wacce ta kasance mai aikin lambu mai faɗin ƙasa, Blythe ta yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin mai ba da hoto a Cibiyar Nazarin Botanic ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma ta sadu da Rudi Loutit, mijinta na gaba, a Makarantar Shugabancin daji a Natal. Sun yi aure a cikin 1973  kuma saboda yakin Angola ya yanke shawarar zama a can, sun zabi don kare lafiyar Namibiya. Rudi ta dauki matsayi a filin shakatawa na bakin teku na Skeleton yayin da Blythe ta shafe lokacinta na zane da zane. A fusace da kisan karkanda da giwaye a yankin a hannun sojoji da mafarauta da sojojin Afirka ta Kudu suka yi a shekarun 1980, Blythe Louit da Ina Britz suka kafa wata *kungiyar kare namun daji ta Namibia*, bayan wasu shekaru bayan kungiyar *Save the Rhino Trust*, da nufin kare karkanda da giwaye.

Blythe ya nemi taimakon shugabannin kabilu, kafofin watsa labarai, masu hakar ma'adinai, masana kimiyyar kasa har ma da sojoji, kuma ya nada mafarauta da aka gyara a matsayin masu gadin wasa. Ta shiga cikin al'ummomin ƙauye, badget din jami'an gwamnati da kuma kafa shirye-shiryen yawon shakatawa na al'umma. ‘Yan siyasa da hamshakan ‘yan kasuwa da suka shiga kasar Namibiya domin farautar kofuna, an bayyana sunayensu a kafafen yada labarai. Yunkurin da ta yi na kashin kai ya kawar da yuwuwar bacewar karkanda a Namibiya yayin da adadin karkanda ke karuwa sannu a hankali kuma bayanan da SRT ke tattarawa ya zama sananne a matsayin cikakke kuma abin dogaro. Matsalolin da Blythe Louit ya fuskanta sun yi kama da waɗanda Ian Player ya samu a cikin shekarun 1950 na ƙoƙarin ceton farar karkanda .

Blythe ya kwatanta litattafai da yawa akan flora Namibia,  shimfidar wurare da namun daji, yawancin kudaden da ake samu don kiyaye karkanda. An kafa kungiyar *Save the Rhino Trust* don kokarin dakatar da lalata bakaken karkanda da ke zaune a hamada a yankin Kunene ( Damaraland da Kaokoland ). Tun 1982 ta ba da duk lokacinta don ayyukan karkanda a Namibiya.

A cikin 1986 Blythe ya sami lambar yabo ta IUCN Species Survival Commission's Peter Scott Merit Award tare da mijinta Rudi Louit, Kyautar Rayuwa don Kiyaye nau'ikan da ke cikin haɗari a cikin 1992, kuma a cikin 2001 Kyautar Dabbobi na BBC don Kiyaye nau'ikan.

Blythe Louit ya mutu da ciwon daji a cikin 2005.  

## Littafi Mai Tsarki

* Loutit, Blythe - *Jerin Lissafi: Etosha National Park*, Struik Publishers,  (1-86825-629-4)
* Loutit, Blythe - *Sihiri Giwa na Namib*, Daga cikin Masu Buga na Afirka,  (99916-2-178-4)
* Loutit, Blythe, Berry da Muller - *Bishiyoyi da shrubs na Etosha National Park da kuma a Arewa da Tsakiyar Namibiya*, Namibia Scientific Society,  (99916-40-17-7)
* Loutit, Blythe, Muller da Giess - *Grasse Van Suidwes Afrika*, Namibie Direktoraat Landbou en Bosbou, Departement Landbou da Natuurbewaring,  (0-620-06582-6)

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Blythe Loutit - Tabbaci
* ''Telegraph'' Biography
Mark Dingemanse

**Mark Dingemanse** (Middelburg, Zeeland, Netherlands, 1983) masanin harshe ne na Dutch. Shi farfesa ne a fannin Harshe da Sadarwa a Cibiyar Nazarin Harshe ta Jami'ar Radboud Nijmegen .

Har ila yau, Babban Mai Bincike ne a cikin ƙungiyar bincike ta Multimodal Language da Cognition a Cibiyar Nijmegen Max Planck ta Psycholinguistics . 

## Rayuwa
DingeMA ya sami digiri na MA a cikin Harsunan Afirka da Al'adu a Jami'ar Leiden a shekara ta 2006, da kuma digiri na PhD a fannin zane-zane a shekara ta 2011 a Jami'an Radboud Nijmegen .  Ya yi Aikin gona na harshe a gabashin Ghana kuma ya yi bincike kan harsuna daban-daban.

Shi ne Babban mai bincike na shirin bincike a kan Elementary Particles of Conversation, a kan kananan kalmomi a cikin harshen yau da kullun. Shi da wasu masu bincike da yawa an ba su lambar yabo ta Ig Nobel saboda aikin da suka yi a kan kasancewar kalmar "huh" a cikin dukkan harsunan mutane.  

## manazarta
Olamidotun Votu-Obada

**Olamidotun Votu-Obada ɗan kasuwa ne na [[Najeriya]], marubucin [[Children's literature|Littafin yara]], kuma [[Public speaking|Mai magana da jama'a]]. Ita ce Manajan Abokin Hulɗa na Filii Magna Limited, kamfani mai ba da shawara na musamman da mai kula da tafiye-tafiye, kuma abokin haɗin gwiwar The Fun Central Company, sanannen kamfanin nishaɗin iyali a Najeriya. Votu-Obada tana da digiri a fannin tattalin arzikin kasuwanci da tattalin arzikin kudi na kasa da kasa daga [[University of Warwick|Jami'ar Warwick]] da Jami'ar Reading, bi da bi.**.

## Ayyuka
Ta fara aikinta a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan gudanarwa kuma daga baya ta shiga cikin kasuwanci, ta kafa kasuwancin da suka ci nasara a bangarorin ba da shawara da nishaɗi. A matsayinta na marubuciyar littafin yara, Votu-Obada ta ja hankalin matasa masu karatu da labarinta na tunanin. Har ila yau, ita ma mai magana da jama'a ce, an san ta da halin kirki da gabatarwa mai basira. A cikin 2019, an san ta a matsayin daya daga cikin Kasuwancin Kasuwanci na "50 Mafi Kyawun Mata, " wanda ke nuna muhimmiyar gudummawar da ta bayar ga harkokin kasuwanci da kasuwanci.

## manazarta
Chike da Kogin

***Chike da Kogin*** labarin yara ne na Chinua Achebe . An fara buga shi a Afirka ta Kudu a shekara ta 1966 ta Cambridge University Press,  tare da zane-zane na Prue Theobalds, kuma shine na farko na labaran yara da yawa da Achebe zai rubuta. Sabon sake bugawa yana da ƙirar murfin Victor Ekpuk.

Chinua Achebe ya fara buga Chike da Kogin a matsayin ɗan littafin a 1966 bayan 'yarsa ta fara makarantar sakandare a Najeriya kuma ya lura cewa yawancin matani na makaranta ga yara na Afirka mutanen Yamma ne suka rubuta su.

## Makirci
Labari ne na wani yaro dan Najeriya mai suna Chike wanda ya bar ƙauyensa, Umuofia, ya tafi ya zauna tare da kawunsa a babban birnin Onitsha. Yana da abokai da yawa waɗanda suka sa ya yi farin ciki lokacin da suka sadu kuma shi kaɗai ne yaron da ya tsira ya haye kogi.

## Bincike
Da yake sake duba littafin a shekarar 2011, New York Journal of Books ya ce: "A cikin *Chike da Kogin*, matasa masu karatu suna kallon rayuwar Afirka, suna koyo game da Kogin Neja, kuma suna haɗawa da Chike kamar dai shi ɗan'uwansu ne. Hasken Mista Achebe shine ikonsa na sa masu karatu su ji kamar mai ilimi a kafadar Chike: tare da tafiya da kuma su san duk abin da ya ji da ya gani. "."
## manazarta
John Otunba Payne

**John Augustus Otunba Payne** (1839 - 1906) ya kasance ɗan Najeriya ne, mai gudanarwa kuma marubuci wanda ya kasance fitaccen mutum a Legas a cikin karni na sha tara. Ya kasance Babban Mai Rijista na Kotun Koli ta Legas kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai Rijista a sassa daban-daban na mulkin mallaka kamar Kotun 'yan sanda, Kotun Babban Alkalin, Kotun Shari'a da Laifuka da Kotun Karamin Biyan Kuɗi.  Ya samar da shekara-shekara na Yammacin Afirka da Legas Almanac wanda ya buga wasu bayanan tarihi. Ya kuma kasance mai shirya taron da ake kira Society for the Propagation of Religious Education .

## Rayuwa
An haifi Payne a shekara ta 1839; mahaifinsa ya fito ne daga gidan sarauta a Ijebu Ode .  Ya kasance daya daga cikin samfuran farko na CMS Grammar School, Legas. Ya kasance babban aboki na James Johnson kuma ya kasance mai zaman kansa kuma mai kula da Cathedral na Christ Church, Legas . Ya kuma shawarci Awujale na Ijebuland da su ba da izinin mishaneri na Kirista. Ta hanyar tasirinsa, an ba da izinin mai wa'azi na Kirista ya yi wa'azi a Ago Iwoye . 

Payne kuma an san shi da rubuce-rubucensa a cikin almanac na shekara-shekara. Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ya shigar ya haɗa da bayyanar kotu na tsohon Oba Dosunmu, wanda aka kira shi. An tuhumi Payne da gudanar da rantsuwar ta hanyar mai fassara .

## Mutuwa
An kashe Payne a gidansa a Legas ta hanyar wani ba a san shi ba a cikin 1906.  Ba a warware kisan da ya yi ba.
## manazarta
Abd al-Salam na Kware

**Abd al-Salam bin Ibrahim** (an haife shi **Mikaila**; ya mutu a watan Janairun shekara ta 1818) masanin ilimin Musulunci ne kuma malami wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan kwamandoji a Jihad na Sokoto (1804-1808) kuma daga baya ya jagoranci tawaye a kan Khalifancin Sokoto a shekara ta 1817.

Wani sanannen Sufi kuma malami har ma kafin ya shiga al'ummar Usman dan Fodio, Abd al-Salam ya riga ya tara mabiya daga cikin *Arewa* Hausa. Bayan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin almajiran Usman mafi ƙwazo a Degel, ya kafa ƙauyen Gimbana bayan *hijra* nasa daga Gobir a kusa da shekara ta 1797. Harin Gobir a kan Gimbana a cikin 1803/4 kuma daga baya kwanton bauna da mabiyan Usman suka yi a kan sojojin Gobir galibi ana ambaton su a matsayin abin da ya fara ''''jihadi'''' na Usman. A lokacin jihadi, Abd al-Salam ya yi aiki a matsayin daya daga cikin 'yan kwamandojin da ba na Fulani ba kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen fadada motsi zuwa Kebbi da Zamfara. 

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta farko
Sunan Abd al-Salam na asali shine Mikaila, kuma sunan mahaifinsa shine Ibrahim . Ya kasance Hausa daga Arewa (ko 'Northerners') subgroup, wanda aka gano tare da Mutanen Mawri da ke kewaye da Dogondoutchi a yanzu Nijar.

Wani lokaci a cikin shekarun 1790, ya koma Gobir don yin karatu a ƙarƙashin *Shehu* Usman dan Fodio, masanin addinin Islama wanda ke jagorantar ƙungiyar farfadowa a Hausaland. Wasu hadisai sun ce ya yi karatu tare da *Shehu* a farkon lokacin ƙuruciyarsa. Abd al-Salam ya kafa sansaninsa kusa da Usman a Degel, kuma ya kira shi *Dār as-salām* ("Gidan Zaman Lafiya") kuma ya canza sunansa daga Mikaila zuwa Abd al- Salam ("Bawan Zaman Lafiya"). 

Ko da kafin ya koma Degel, Abd al-Salam ya sami suna a matsayin masanin kuma ya gina mabiya da yawa na kansa. Ya jawo adadi mai yawa daga masu tuba daga mutanensa da sauransu. Nazarin wasiƙun Abd al-Salam, kamar yadda abokin hamayyarsa Muhammad Bello ya adana a *[[Tashin hankali na Abd al-Salam|Sard al-Kalam]]* (c. 1812), masanin tarihi Murray Last ya nuna cewa Abd al- Salam na iya kasancewa mai wa'azi fiye da masanin wallafe-wallafen. Ya bayyana mafi tsawo daga cikin haruffa kamar yadda yake da salo da harshe, ya kara da cewa abun da ke ciki ya fi dacewa da gabatarwar baki n.

## Manazarta