open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Hukumar Kula da Karkara

**Hukumar Kula da Karkara** wata kungiya ce da aka kafa a Ingila a 1999 tare da aikin inganta ingancin yanayin karkara da rayuwar waɗanda ke zaune a ciki. An rushe hukumar a shekara ta 2006 kuma ayyukanta sun warwatse tsakanin sauran hukumomi.

## Kafawa
An kafa hukumar ne ta hanyar haɗakar Hukumar Karkara da Hukumar Raya Karkara. An gaji ikonsa daga waɗancan jikin. Hukumar ta kasance a Cheltenham tare da ƙananan ofisoshi a London da yankuna. Adadin ma'aikatan sun kasance kusan 600.

## Matsayi
Hukumar ta kasance mai bada shawara da tallafi na gwamnati; bata da ƙasa kuma bata kula da kayan aiki. Kudinta ya fito ne daga Ma'aikatar Muhalli, Abinci da Harkokin Karkara (Defra) a matsayin kasafin kuɗi na shekara-shekara na kusan fam miliyan 100. Hukumar Kula da Karkara tayi aiki tare da wasu hukumomi, kamar hukumomin gida, masu mallakar ƙasa da sauran hukumomin jama'a, don samar da tallafi da shawarwari don kiyaye kyawawan dabi'un wuri, inganta tattalin arzikin karkara da kuma sa karkara ta fi dacewa ga jama'a.

Hukumar Kula da Karkara tana da alhakin musamman don tsara wuraren shakatawa na kasa da Yankunan Kyakkyawan Kyakkyawar Halitta, bayyana yankunan al'adun gargajiya, da kuma kafa Hanyoyi masu nisa ga masu tafiya da mahaya. A shekara ta 2003, ta fara sanya sabon wurin shakatawa na Ingila, South Downs National Park . 

A shekara ta 2004, Hukumar ta yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Majalisar Karkara ta Wales don gabatar da Dokar Karkara, sabuntawa na Dokar Ƙasar.

### Shuke-shuke na Shekaru Ƙasa

Hukumar ta gaji wani aikin don ƙirƙirar Millennium Greens, kuma 245 daga cikin 250 da aka tsara an kirkiresu ne a ƙarshen aikin, bayan 2000. Ƙananan alhakin gwamnati ga waɗannan kayan lambu an ba da shi ga Natural England a lokacin da aka kirkireshi.

## Rufewa
Bayan bita da Christopher Haskins yayi game da kungiyoyin gwamnati da yawa dake da hannu a cikin manufofin karkara da isar dasu, Dokar Muhalli da Al'ummomin Karkara ta 2006  ta rushe hukumar. Wadannan sassan Hukumar Kula da Karkara da aka cajesu da ayyukan muhalli an haɗa su da Yanayin Ingilishi da sassa na Sabis na Ci gaban Karkara don samar da Ingilishi na Ingilishi. Ayyukan zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na Hukumar Raya Karkara sun riga sun sauya zuwa Hukumomin Raya Yankin a cikin 1999 (an maye gurbinsu da haɗin gwiwar kamfanoni na cikin gida a cikin 2012). Sauran sassan Hukumar Karkara, galibi bincike da ayyukan manufofi, sun zama Hukumar Kula da Al'ummomin Karkara wacce aka soke a cikin 2013.

## Dubi kuma

* Yankin Kyakkyawan Kyakkyawar Halitta
* Yankin Gidauniyar
* Green Steps
* Millennium Green
* Gidan shakatawa na ƙasa
* Gidajen daji a Ingila
* Ƙididdigar ƙauyuka

## Manazarta
Dao druste

**Dao Droste** (an haife ta a a shekara ta dubu daya da Dari Tara da hamsin da biyu dan kasar Vietnam ne, kuma dan kasar Jamus ne.

An haife shi a Saigon, kuma ya koma Jamusus a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da biyu. Droste ya yi nazarin ilimin sunadarai a Stuttgart da Heidelberg, inda ya sami digiri na biyu. Ya tafi wurin da ya yi aiki a matsayin mai zane-zane, mai zane da kuma mai zane-zanen kayan aiki. Ya gina gidansa a shekara ta dubu days da Dari Tara da tamanin da bakwai. Yanzu yana zaune a Eppelheim.[1]

Babban abin da ya yi shi ne "Open-mindedness", wanda ya yi a kan 500 terra cotta, ya sa aka yi watsi da shi a duk faɗin duniya.[1]

Ko da yake ta Taoist ne, ya yi watsi da tsoronsa na addini a cikin zumunta da kuma addini.[2]

Droste ya yi wannan zane ne don ya sami nasarar samun nasarar da Rapunzel Naturkost da kuma kungiyar kare kwayoyin halitta ta duniya suka yi.[3]

A shekara ta 2015, an yanke masa hukuncin kisa a gidan yari na Jamusanci saboda yin tawaye da tsarin muhalli na duniya * (BAUM) *.[2][de]

Ayyukansa suna cikin littattafan Jafananci da kuma littattafan gargajiya, kuma suna cikin gidan mai karatu Carl Bosch [de] a Heidelberg, *ministan* ilimi da bincike a Berlin da kuma Eppelheim.

## Manazarta
Mary Donington

**Mary Winifred Sylvia Donington,** (shekara ta dubu data da Dari Tara da Tara zuwa shekara ta dubu data da Dari Tara da tamanin da bakwai) , mawaƙiya ce kuma mai zane-zane ta Burtaniya.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Donington a Landan, ta yi karatu a Makarantar Mary Datchelor da ke Camberwell kuma tana da ilimin kiɗa na gargajiya a Royal Academy of Music . Kodayake ta kwashe shekara guda, daga shekara ta dubu daya da Dari Tara da arba'in da biyar zuwa shekara ta dubu daya da Dari Tara da arbar'in da shidda a matsayin ɗalibar mai zane-zane Frank Dobson ta kasance mai zane-zanen kai.

A lokacin da take aiki a matsayin mai zane-zane Donington ta kirkiro siffofin hoto a cikin tagulla, terracotta da gyare-gyare kuma ta nuna a Royal Academy, tare da Kungiyar Fasaha ta Mata ta Duniya, Society of Women Artists da National Society of Painters, Sculptors and Gravers / Printmakers .  A shekara ta dubu daya da Dari Tara da arba'in da takwas ta nuna wani bus na Rosemary Cowper a Royal Glasgow Institute of the Fine Arts . 

Donington ya zauna shekaru da yawa a Headley Down a Hampshire kuma ana zaton ya mutu a can a watan Fabrairun shekara ta dubu daya da Dari Tara da tamanin da bakwai. 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Kaye Donachie

**Kaye Donachie** (an haife ta a shekarar ta dubu daya da Dari Tara da saba'in a Glasgow) wani mai zane ne na zamani na Ingila, wanda ke zaune a London.Halinsa na yau da kullum, wanda ya yi amfani da shi a ranar Kirsimeti ta biyar, a taro, a cikin ƙauna, da kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na utopian.[1]Stacy Martin ta tuna da aikinta na ƙarshe a matsayin "sha'awar jarida da kuma rubutun da ke motsawa [yana] gudana a duk ayyukanta da kuma kiran ta ga romanticism don ƙirƙirar abin da ya fi 'shairi fiye da labari' a cikin aikin". [2]]

Donachie tana nuna hotunan Peres a Berlin da Maureen Paley a London.An wallafa ayyukansa a Frieze[3] da kuma garin zane.  

## Manazarta
Ali Abdelghany

**Ali Ezzeldin Abdelghany** (an haife shi ranar 16 ga watan Yuni, 1944 a Alkahira ) masanin ilimin kimiyya ne ɗan ƙasar Masar, kuma masanin halittun ruwa.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Abdelghany ya kammala karatun digirin farko a Jami'ar Alkahira a 1967. Abdelghany ya sami digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar Auburn a shekarar 1982 inda ƙware a fannin Gudanar da harkar Kifi, ya yi digirinsa na uku a fannin abinci na Aquaculture daga Jami'ar Idaho a shekarar 1986.

## Sana'a
Kafin ya sami digiri na biyu, Abdelghany ya sami izinin haɗin gwiwa tare da Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Noma ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Bayan ya yi karatun boko, Abdelghany ya koma kasar Masar a shekarar 1986 inda ya yi aiki a Cibiyar Nazarin Ruwa ta Tsakiya a Sharqiyah a matsayin shugaban sashen abinci mai gina jiki. Tun daga shekarar 1986, ya yi bincike kan al'amurran da suka shafi kifi daban-daban, ciki har da inganta ci gaban abinci da rage farashin ciyarwa ta hanyar amfani da wasu hanyoyi. An naɗa shi darektan CLAR sau biyu (1993/1994 da 2001/2002).

## Duba kuma

* Jerin mutanen Jami'ar Auburn

## Sources

*
Du Iz TAK

**Du Iz Tak** littafi ne na Kirsimeti na shekarar dubu biyu da goma sha shidda wanda *Carson Ellis* ya rubuta. Wannan ƙofar, ana magana da ita a cikin harshen ƙaho, wanda a baya ya kasance a cikin ƙaho na ƙaho na ƙasa. Littafin ya lashe lambar yabo ta Caldecott a shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha bakwai saboda zane-zane.[1]

A cikin wani labari a shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha takwas wani fim mai suna Long Film, wanda aka shirya a wani gidan shakatawa na Weston Woods, wanda kamfanin Scholastic, Galen Fott, da kuma 'yan uwansa suka shirya, sun shirya. An nuna shi a cikin fina-finai da yawa a cikin shafin. An lashe lambar yabo ta Odyssey shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha taradon ingantaccen rubutun da kuma ingantaccen rubutun littattafai a cikin wallafe-wallafen Amurka.[2] An rubuta littafin ne ta *Carson Ellis*, wanda Eli da Sebastian D'Amico, Burton, Galen da Laura Fott, Sarah Hart, Bella da kuma Higginbotam, *Evelyn Hipp* da *Brian Hull* suka rubuta.
Ahmad ibn Munim al-Abdari

**Ahmad bn Ibrahim bn Ali bn Munim al-Abdari** (  ; ya mutu a shekara ta 1228), wanda aka fi sani da **ibn Munim**, masanin lissafi ne, asalinsa daga Dénia a Andalusia. Ya rayu kuma ya koyar a Marrakesh inda aka san shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan malamai a ɓangarenilimin lissafi.   Sau da yawa ana rikicewa da mai shige irirn sunansa Muhammad ibn 'Abd al Mun'im, masanin lissafi daban wanda ya yi aiki a kotun Roger II na Sicily. 

## Nassoshi
Suzanne Duranceau

**Suzanne Duranceau** (an haife ta a ranar biyu ga watan Agusta, shekara ta dubu baya da Dari Tara da hamsin da biyu) ita ce dan wasan Kanada, mai zaman kanta a Montreal.[1]

An haife ta a Montreal, ya yi karatu a fannin Faransanci a Jami'ar Cégep de Saint-Laurent, kuma ya yi karatu ne a fannin zane da zane-zane a Jami'an Montreal. Ya yi nazarin zane-zane a wata ƙungiya da ke kula da fina-finai na Kanada. A farkon shekarun na dubu daya da Dari Tara da tamanin ta fara aikinta ta yin zane-zane na littattafan yara.[2]

A baya, ya kasance dan jarida na Illustration Québec (Fungiyar zane-zane da zane-zane ta Québec) kuma ya kasance shugaban kungiyar daga shekara ta dubu daya da Dari Tara da tamanin da biyar zuwa shekara ta dubu daya da Dari Tara da tamanin da biyar. Ya koyar da harshe na harshen Hausa da kuma zane-zane a lokacin da ake bukatar wani abu daga Ahuntsic.[2]

Ayyukansa sun yi daidai da ra'ayoyin da aka yi da su a cikin gidan waya na Kanada Post[3][4] da kuma a cikin takardun da aka yi wa *Royal* Canadian Mint.[5]

Duranceau ya yi kurkuku a shekara ta [shekara ta dubu daya da Dari Tara da tamanin da daya.2] A wannan shekarar, an yanke masa hukuncin shekara guda a gidan yari na kungiyar zane-zane ta Houston.[1] A shekara ta 1992, an yi masa lakabi da hukuncin kisa a gidan yari na Gwamna Janar saboda aikin rubutu.[citation needed] Ya yi aiki a kotun kotu a kan laifuffuka masu yawa, har da na Gwamna Janar.[6]
Hiba Abu Nada

**Hiba Abu Nada**

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Abu Nada a Makka, Saudi Arabia, a ranar ashirin  ga Yuni shekara ta dubu data da Dari Tara da daya ga dangin 'yan gudun hijira Palasdinawa da aka kwashe ta hanyar raguwar mutanen ƙauyen Bayt Jirja da sojojin Isra'ila suka yi a lokacin Nakba .  Ta sami digiri na farko na ilmin sunadarai daga Jami'ar Musulunci, Gaza, da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin abinci mai gina jiki daga Jami'an Al-Azhar . 

Ta yi aiki na wani lokaci a Cibiyar Rusul don Creativity, wanda ke da alaƙa da Cibiyar Al-Amal don Marayu.  A cewar Al-Ayyam, ta "damu da adalci, tashin hankali na Arab Spring, da kuma gaskiyar rayuwar Palasdinawa a karkashin mamayewa".
She published a number of collections of poetry, and a novel, titled *al-Uksujīn laysa lil-mawtā* ("Oxygen is not for the dead", ). In 2017, she won second place in the 20th annual Sharjah Award for Arab Creativity, held by the United Arab Emirates, for her novel. The book was republished by Dar Diwan in 2021.
Adeyinka Afolayan

**Adeyinka Afolayan** Farfesa ne a fannin Kimiyyar Halittu na Najeriya kuma ɗan Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Najeriya, wanda aka zaɓa daga Ƙungiyar Kwalejin a babban taronta na shekara-shekara da aka gudanar a shekarar  2006. 

## Nassoshi
Majalisar Ci gaban sigar ta Kasa

Hukumar Bunkasa Ciwon sukari ta kasa (NSDC) hukuma ce ta gwamnati da ke aiki a karkashin ma’aikatar masana’antu, kasuwanci da zuba jari ta tarayya a Najeriya. An kafa ta ne ta hanyar Dokar 88 na 1993, yanzu Dokar Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa, Act Cap. No. 78 LFN na 2004, An gyara a cikin 2015, don kulawa da sauƙaƙe ci gaban masana'antar sukari, da nufin dogaro da kai wajen samar da sukari da haɓaka haɓakar tattalin arziki..

## Tarihi
Kafa NSDC na da nufin gyara rashin tsarin tsare-tsare da sa ido a cikin sashin sukari na Najeriya. Kafin kafuwar kasar dai, ta yi ta faman samun isasshiyar sukari a cikin gida, lamarin da ya kai ga dogaro da kayayyakin da ake shigowa da su waje, da magudanar kudaden waje, da rashin aikin yi, da karancin abinci. Ƙirƙirar da NSDC da kuma ci gaban da aka samu a cikin shirin na Sugar Master Plan (NSMP) a 2012, wanda gwamnati ta amince da shi a watan Satumba na 2012, ya jaddada aniyar sake farfado da masana'antu da kuma rarraba tattalin arzikin kasa da hanyoyin samun kudaden shiga, tare da mayar da hankali kan 10- Tsarin shekara don wadatar sukari daga 2013 zuwa 2023.

## Ayyuka
Kamar yadda dokar ta ba da damar NSDC, an dora wa alhakin ba gwamnatin tarayya shawara kan al’amura daban-daban da suka shafi samar da sukari da sha, daidaita ayyukan sukari a Najeriya, tattarawa da yada bayanan da suka shafi sukari, gudanar da asusun bunkasa masana’antar sukari (SIDF), da wakilci. Najeriya a kungiyoyin sukari na duniya. Har ila yau, tana hulɗa da wasu hukumomi da abokan hulɗa masu zaman kansu don inganta ci gaban masana'antar sukari a cikin ƙasa..

## Tsarinsa
Hukumar ta NSDC tana karkashin kulawar hukumar gudanarwar ne karkashin jagorancin Ministan Kudi da wani Babban Sakatare. Kwamitin wanda ya kunshi wakilai daga masu ruwa da tsaki na gwamnati da masu zaman kansu, sun tsara manufofin ayyukan NDC. An rarraba ƙungiyar zuwa hukumomi biyar masu alhakin takamaiman fannoni na ci gaban masana'antar sukari da haɓaka.

## Nasarorin da aka samu
Abubuwan da NSDC ta cim ma tun da aka kafa ta sun hada da ci gaba da aiwatar da shirin babban tsarin sukari na Najeriya, rabon rabon sukari bisa ga yadda ake aiwatarwa, tarawa da fitar da kudade daga asusun bunkasa masana'antar sukari, raya ababen more rayuwa, da wakilcin kasa da kasa a tarukan da suka shafi sukari daban-daban. 

## Ƙalubalen
Kalubalen da NSDC ta ci karo da su wajen samun wadatar ciwon sukari sun haɗa da rashin isassun kuɗi, batutuwan tsaro a wuraren aikin, ƙarancin sanin sukarin da ake samarwa a cikin gida, tsadar kayan masarufi, gasa daga samfuran marasa inganci, abubuwan muhalli da ke shafar noma, rashin daidaituwar siyasa, da rashin isassun manufofin siyasa don aiwatarwa. Farashin NSMP.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Olu Ginuwa

**Olu Ginuwa** (wanda aka fi sani da *Iginuwa* ) sarkin Itsekiri ne wanda shine Olu na Warri na farko.  Shi ne ɗan fari na Oba Olua, Oba na 14 na Benin (1473-1480 AD) kuma magaji ga sarautar Babbar Masarautar Benin. Ya yi hijira daga Masarautar Benin aka naɗa shi Olu na Warri na farko. Ya yi mulki na tsawon shekara 30. Ya yi sarauta daga 1480 zuwa 1510.  Sai ɗansa Olu Ijijen (Ogbowuru) ya gaje shi.  Wani daga cikin ƴaƴansa, Olu Irame ya zama sarki bayan Olu Ijijen.  

## Nassoshi
Tubali mai dumi

Radiyon tawul ɗin tawul ko tawul ɗin tawul mai zafi fasalin da aka ƙera don dumama tawul ɗin kafin amfani da su. Shekaru da yawa, otal-otal na Turai suna amfani da su azaman masu busar da tawul. Dumamin tawul shine dumama gidan wanka wanda ya dace da bushewa da tawul ɗin dumama da muhalli. Akwai nau'i biyu: na gargajiya waɗanda aka yi wa famfo kamar radiator tare da dumama ruwa daga tukunyar jirgi na tsakiya, da na lantarki inda juriya na lantarki ke dumama ruwa ko mai da ke cikin naúrar.

## Halitta da aiki
Ana iya yin busar da tawul daga ƙarfe daban-daban kamar ƙarfe, bakin karfe, ko aluminum. A wasu nau'ikan, ana amfani da tagulla ko tagulla. Ƙarshen na iya zama a cikin chrome plating, goge karfe, ko lacquer.

Ana iya dumama na'urar bushewa ta hanyar lantarki (harsashin dumama ko kebul na dumama), ko ta hanyar zagayawa da ruwan zafi (haɗe da dumama ta tsakiya). Sau da yawa, ana amfani da haɗin hanyoyin. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, na'urar bushewa tana zafi da ruwan zafi a lokacin hunturu, da wutar lantarki a lokacin rani. Na'urar busar da tawul, tare da babban fitarwa, kuma na iya aiki azaman radiator a cikin ƙaramin gidan wanka.

Dryers sun zo a cikin bayyanuwa iri-iri, gami da nau'ikan tsani, nau'ikan juyawa, da sauransu.

## Fa'idodi da rashin fa'idodi

### Fa'idodi

Tawul warmers bushe tawul da sauri. Masu dumama tawul suna zuwa da siffofi daban-daban. Akwai dumama tawul masu girma dabam, daga (50 ta 70 santimita (20 in × 28 in)) zuwa waɗancan mita biyu (6 ft 7 in) tsayi.

### Rashin fa'idodi
Insulating mai dumama dakin yana rage dumama dakin. Wani kuma shi ne cewa kwararar ruwan dumama ta hanyar dogo, wanda aka inganta don dumama da bushewar tawul, gabaɗaya ya saba da na na'urar dumama ɗaki mai sauƙi, wanda aka inganta don canja wurin zafi zuwa iska mai ratsawa ta cikinsa.

## Bayani


## Dubi kuma

* Radiator (hawan jiki) 
* Mai haskakawa mai haskakawa
* Valve na radiator na thermo-static
Speibecken

***Speibecken*** ko ***Kotzbecken*** kwano ne don mutane su yi amai. Ana shigar da waɗannan sinks a wasu mashaya, gidajen cin abinci da ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai a ƙasashen Jamusanci  da kuma mashaya a Vietnam. 

Speibecken galibi babban kwanon yumbu ne wanda aka girka a tsayin kugu tare da hannaye don mai amfani don riƙewa da kan shawa don zubar da naúrar. Ana yawan saduwa da su a wuraren maza fiye da na mata.

A Jamus da Ostiriya an danganta su da al'adun shaye-shaye na ƴan uwan ​​ɗalibai. An kuma samar da su a wuraren alluran da ake kulawa don masu amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi.

## Sunaye
Speibecken ya fito ne daga speien na Jamus ("tofa" amma kuma "tofa") da Becken ("kwano, basin"). Har ila yau, kalmar tana da ma'anar tofi na gargajiya, wanda masu tauna sigari ke amfani da shi ko a aikin tiyatar likitan hakori. A wasu sassan Austria da Jamus ana kiran su da sunan Kotzbecken (daga kotzen, "zuwa puke"). A Vietnam ana kiran su bồn ói [nôn], ma'ana "puke sink".

Ana yi wa Speibecken lakabi da Papst ("Paparoma") sau da yawa saboda dole ne mutane sun sunkuyar da kawunansu don amfani da su. A wasu yankuna masu jin Jamusanci ana kiran amai da papsten ("poping"). Shugaban shawa da aka gyara kusa da shi don zubar da Speibecken kuma ana yi masa lakabi da "babban farin tarho".

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Mahrang Baloch

**Mahrang Baloch** Mai shirya Kwamitin Baloch Yakjehti 'yar gwagwarmayar kare hakkin ɗan adam ne na Baloch game da ɓacewar da ba bisa ka'ida ba da kuma kisan gillar da hukumomi suka yi a lardin Balochistan na Pakistan.   

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Mahrang a cikin shekarar 1993 a cikin dangin Baloch. Mahaifinta Abdul Gaffar Langove ma'aikaci ne. Iyalinta sun zauna a Quetta kafin su ƙaura zuwa Karachi don kula da lafiyar mahaifiyarta mahrang Baloch jarumar mata na al'ummar Baloch.

## Gwagwarmaya
A ranar 12 ga watan Disamba, 2009, jami'an tsaron Pakistan sun yi garkuwa da mahaifinta a kan hanyarsa ta zuwa asibiti a Karachi.   Tana da shekaru 16, nan da nan ta fara nuna rashin amincewa da sace shi kuma ta shahara a cikin gwagwarmayar  ɗalibai.    A cikin watan Yulin 2011, an sami mahaifinta a mace da alamun azabtarwa.  

Daga baya ISI ta yi garkuwa da ɗan uwanta a watan Disambar 2017, kuma an tsare shi sama da watanni 3.    Tun daga wannan lokacin, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mutane a ƙungiyar juriya ta Baloch.    

Ta yi zanga-zangar nuna rashin amincewa da yadda gwamnati ke tono albarkatun ƙasa daga Balochistan.   A cikin shekarar 2020, ta jagoranci gungun ɗalibai masu zanga-zangar nuna rashin amincewa da shirin cire tsarin rabo a Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Bolan, wanda ke ba da wuraren zama ga ɗaliban likitanci da ke fitowa daga yankuna masu nisa na lardin.  Sakamakon fafutuka da yajin cin abinci da kungiyar ta yi, an soke canjin manufofin da aka gabatar. 

## Abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan

### Balochistan zuwa Islamabad
**Balochistan zuwa Islamabad Long March** wanda kuma ake kira **Baloch Long March** wata zanga-zanga ce ƙarƙashin jagorancin Mahrang Baloch da sauran mata masu fafutuka na Baloch, waɗanda ke yin tattaki zuwa Islamabad, babban birnin Pakistan, don nuna adawa da take hakin ɗan adam da tilasta ɓacewar  a Balochistan. Tattakin dai wani martani ne ga yawaitar ɓacewar da ake yi da kuma kashe-kashen ba bisa ka'ida ba a yankin.    A cewar kwamitin Baloch Yakjehti, ISI  ne suka sace masu zanga-zangar kuma ' yan sandan Islamabad sun tsare su.  Daga baya an amince da beli wanda ya haifar da sakin wasu mahalarta taron.     Wasu har yanzu ba a gansu ba kamar yadda kafafen yaɗa labarai da lauyoyi suka bayyana. 

## Manazarta
Banɗaki mai Na'ura

Ban daki na lantarki ko Toilet nau'in bandaki ne na jama'a da ake amfani da shi a Indiya. Haɓaka amfani da eToilets don tallafawa Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (a cikin Ingilishi, Ofishin Jakadancin Indiya mai Tsabta) wanda ke da niyyar rage al'adar bayan gida a buɗe.

eToilets suna da kansu, masu wanke kansu, unisex, abokantaka na mai amfani, marasa matuƙa, masu sarrafa kansu, da kuma faifan banɗaki da ake sa ido a kai a wuraren jama'a. Wani kamfani ne mai zaman kansa, Eram Scientific Solutions, ya haɓaka su a cikin 2008. Kamar Sanisette, eToilet alamar kasuwanci ce mai rijista. Wannan alamar kasuwanci mai rijista, mai kama da Sanisette, tana nuna haɓakar haɓakar fasaha da dacewa a wuraren tsabtace jama'a.

## Abubuwan da ke ciki
eToilets na iya zama bandakunan biyan kuɗi na tsabar kuɗi, ko samun damar shiga cikin yardar kaina tare da shigarwa da fita da hannu. Kwamitin tsaro na corridor yana aiki azaman allo don gujewa damun jama'a ko mai amfani da bayan gida. Dukkanin naúrar an yi ta ne da bakin karfe. Kamar sauran masu dogaro da kai, wuraren bayan gida na jama'a na lantarki, eToilets suna da na'urori masu auna firikwensin don fara ayyukan atomatik gami da sharewar dandali da gogewar dandali, bayan ƙayyadadden adadin amfani. Ana nuna fitilun nuni a wajen naúrar wanda ke taimaka wa mai amfani don gano ko wurin yana shagaltar da shi (hasken ja) ko ba a ciki (hasken kore) da kuma ko wurin ba ya aiki, misali idan ruwan ya yi ƙasa.

## Dubi kuma

* Sanisette, alamar kasuwanci mai rijista don irin wannan bayan gida
* Gidan tsaftacewa

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Ƙarin karantawa

*  
* 
*  
*
Agather Atuhaire

**Agather Atuhaire** (an haife ta a ranar c.1988) lauya ce 'yar Uganda, mai kare haƙƙin ɗan adam kuma 'yar jarida mai zaman kanta. Ta fallasa cin hanci da rashawa da rashin adalci da ta samu karɓuwa daga jakadan EU da sakataren harkokin wajen Amurka.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Atuhaire a gundumar Sheema a cikin kusan shekarun 1988. A lokacin yarintar  ke da wuya mahaifinta ya kashe kuɗi da yawa wajen shan barasa. Ta yi karatun sakandire saboda samun tallafin karatu a Alliance School Mbarara. Rashin kuɗi ya sa ta kasa cika burinta na neman aikin lauya don haka ta karanci aikin jarida a jami'ar Makerere. 

A watan Yuni 2022 ta kasance mai kare hakkin ɗan adam a watan ta DefendDefenders. 

A cikin shekarar 2023 jakadan EU a Uganda Jan Sadek ya ba ta lambar yabo ta masu kare hakkin ɗan Adam na EU na shekarar 2022. Saduk ta bayyana aikinta na baya-bayan nan da Cibiyar Bunƙasa Shari’a inda ta gano cewa ɗalibai ba za su iya fayyace kwasa-kwasai ba kuma babu wani kara ko bincike. Ta samu saɓani da ’yan siyasa Anita Daga cikin da Mathias Mpuuga da kuma kamfanin samar da magudanun ruwa na cikin gida.  Atuhaire ta bayyana cewa Anita Mid da mataimakinta duk sun sayi motoci masu tsada ta hanyar amfani da kuɗin jama'a. Motocin ba lallai ba ne domin dukkansu sun riga sun mallaki motocin alfarma. Lokacin da ba a amince da siyan ba, an maye gurbin waɗanda ke da alhakin da ƙarin mutane masu yarda. Fitowar Atuhaire da wannan cin hanci da rashawa ya sa aka yi mata bincike. An yi mata barazana lokacin da masu zarginta suka gano cewa ba za a iya kama ta ba saboda duk abin da ta yi na doka ne. 

A cikin watan Maris 2024 ta kasance a Washington inda Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta amince da ita a matsayin mace mai jaruntaka ta duniya. Sakataren harkokin wajen Amurka Antony Blinken da uwargidan shugaban ƙasa Jill Biden sun ba da kyautar a ranar 4 ga watan Maris 2024.  Bayan bikin IWOC an gayyaci waɗanda aka karrama da su shiga cikin *Shirin Jagorancin Baki na ƙasa da ƙasa* na ma’aikatar Jiha inda suke haɗuwa da juna da sauran masu sha’awar aikinsu. 

## Manazarta
Sandesneben-Nusse

**Sandesneben-Nusse** wani *Amt* ne ("karamar hukuma") a cikin gundumar Lauenburg, a cikin Schleswig-Holstein, Jamus . Matsayinta yana cikin Sandesneben . An kafa shi a ranar 1 ga Janairun shekarar 2008 daga tsohon *Ämter* Sandesneben da Nusse .

*Amt* Sandesneben-Nusse ya ƙunshi ƙananan hukumomi masu zuwa (tare da yawan jama'a a shekara ta 2005):

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Maleševci, Bosansko Grahovo

(Serbian Cyrillic) ƙauyen ne a cikin garin Bosansko Grahovo, Canton 10 na Tarayyar Bosnia da Herzegovina, wani bangare na Bosnia da Hersegovina .

## Yawan jamaa
Dangane da ƙidayar jama'a ta shekarar 2013, yawan jama'arta ya kai 53
.

## Bayanan da ke ƙasa

## Bayanan littattafai
Tutu Alicante

**Tutu Alicante** lauya ce mai kare hakkin ɗan Adam kuma ita ce ta kafa kuma babbar darektar na EG Justice, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke mai da hankali kan 'yancin ɗan adam, yaki da cin hanci da rashawa, da kuma bin doka a Equatorial Guinea. Alicante kuma ita ce wacce ta kafa ƙungiyoyin sa-kai masu fafutukar tabbatar da dimokuraɗiyya da yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa Equatoguinean Commission of Lawists, Equatorial Guinea is Ours, and Open Central Africa.

An haifi Alicante a Annobón, Equatorial Guinea. A cikin kuruciyarta ta ga irin ta’asar da gwamnati ta ɗauki nauyin yi wa kauyen ta, wanda hakan ya haifar da burinta na inganta ‘yancin ɗan Adam a cikin al’ummarta. Ta ci gaba da samun digiri na gaba daga Jami'ar Columbia da Jami'ar Tennessee.    

Alicante fitacciyar ƙwararriya ce kan fallasa mulkin kama-karya da cin hanci da rashawa kuma ta kasance mai yawan ba da gudummawa ga *BBC*, *[[Radio France Internationale|Rediyo Faransa International]]*, *[[Muryan Amurka|Muryar Amurka]]*, *Washington Post*, *[[The Guardian]]*, da *The Economist*. 

Alicante ta yi aiki a matsayin ƙwararriya mashaidi a cikin wani shari'ar "Biens mal acquis" da ba a taɓa gani ba a birnin Paris a kan Mataimakin Shugaban Equatoguinean, wanda ya haifar da hukunci mai laifi da kuma kwace duk wani kadarorin da aka samu. 

Ayyukan Alicante sun sanya ta a matsayin shugaban Equatoguinean, Teodoro Obiang, wanda ya ayyana ta a matsayin "maci amana kuma makiyiyar jihar." Yanzu tana gudun hijira a Amurka.    

## Manazarta
Emily Bader

**Emily Bader** 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Amurka. A talabijin, an san ta da rawar da ta taka a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen Amazon Prime My Lady Jane (2024). Fim dinta sun hada da Paranormal Activity: Next of Kin (2021) da Fresh Kills (2023).

## Rayuwa ta farko
Daga Temecula, California, ta yi karatun wasan kwaikwayo a Jami'ar Loyola Marymount da ke Los Angeles, ta kammala a shekarar 2016. Ta fara wasan kwaikwayo na farko a Geffen Playhouse a Los Angeles a Our Very Own Carlin McCullough a cikin shekarar 2018 . 

## Ayyuka
*n*.A cikin 2021 Bader ya jagoranci rawar Margot a cikin Paranormal Activity: Next of Kin .  A watan Disamba na shekarar 2021, an jefa Bader a matsayin jagora a cikin aikin Jennifer Esposito Fresh Kills a matsayin 'yar Esposito Rose. Fim din ya fara ne a bikin fina-finai na Tribeca a watan Yunin 2023

Bader ya bayyana a matsayin Chloe a karo na huɗu na jerin abubuwan ban sha'awa na matasa masu suna Charmed .  A watan Agustan shekarata 2022, sannan an jefa ta a matsayin Lady Jane Grey mai suna a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi na Amazon Studios My Lady Jane tare da Edward Bluemel, Dominic Cooper da Jim Broadbent.

## Hotunan fina-finai

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

*
Kamfanin Sloan Valve

**Kamfanin Sloan Valve** kamfani ne mai zaman kansa dake a Amurka wanda ke da ƙwarewa a cikin aikin bawul da kayan aiki.

## Tarihi
William Elvis Sloan shine ne wanda ya kafa kamfanin a Chicago, Illinois a cikin shekara ta 1906 tare da gabatar da Royal flushometer, bawul don sakin adadin ruwa da za a zubar da fitsari ko bayan gida. Na farko tallace-tallace sun kasance matalauta: kawai daya Royal model flushometer aka sayar a 1906, da kuma biyu a 1907. Sales inganta da cika fuska a 1908, zuwa 150 raka'a. Da farko, masu son abokan ciniki sun yi hattara da daidaitawa da abin da ya kirkiro. Ko da wasu masana'antun kayan aikin famfo ba za su sayar da kayayyakinsu ba idan an yi musu kayan aikin da na'urorin Sloan's flushometers. Koyaya, ainihin ƙirar 1906 ta tabbatar da dogaro sosai har zuwa 2012, har yanzu ana samun sassa don gyara duk wani nau'in flushometer da aka taɓa yi.

Bugu da ƙari ga bawul ɗin sa na ruwa dangane da fasahar diaphragm, Sloan ya kuma gabatar da nau'in nau'in piston, ciki har da Crown da GEM 2. An gina wani nau'i mai nau'in piston na musamman, wanda ake kira Naval, don aikace-aikacen ruwa. A cikin 1976, Sloan ya gabatar da layin Optima na firikwensin da ke kunna firikwensin firikwensin (an farko an shigar da su a filin jirgin sama na O'Hare na Chicago); makamancin batirin da ke ƙarƙashin sunan Optima Plus ya biyo baya a cikin 1991. Sloan kuma a yanzu yana da ƙirar hasken rana tare da ajiyar baturi wanda ke aiki ta amfani da kowane tushen haske na wucin gadi ko na halitta.

## Shirye-shiryen killace ruwa
Sloan ya yi babban alƙawarin samar da kayan aiki waɗanda ke rage yawan amfani da ruwa. Wannan yunƙurin yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin shugaban ƙasa Jim Allen, Kirk Allen da Graham Allen.

Kamfanin yana kera na'urar fulshin mai dual-flush Uppercut tare da kore. Danna ledar ƙasa yana samar da ruwa mai gallon 1.6 na yau da kullun, yayin da ɗaga libar sama yana samar da ruwan galan 1.1 &nbsp;

Sloan ya kuma gabatar da abin fitsari mara ruwa wanda ke amfani da tarko na musamman tare da nauyi mai nauyi, mai da ba za a iya cire shi ba wanda ke ba da damar fitsarin ya wuce amma yana hana wari fita.

Har ila yau, kamfanin yana ba da na'urori masu amfani da fitilun firikwensin da sauran kayan aikin famfo, ciki har da famfunan lantarki masu amfani da ruwa, daskararrun dakunan wanka, da wuraren wanke-wanke na bakin karfe da tashoshi na wanki, da na'urar wanke gadaje. Sauran kayan aikin gidan wanka sun haɗa da busarwar hannu da ke kunna firikwensin, ƙananan kayan ruwan shawa, tsarin kula da ruwa na cibiyar sadarwa, da na'urorin sabulun lantarki.

## Tallafawa
A cikin Janairu 2015 Sloan ya sanar da sabon tallace-tallace da kuma tallafawa haɗin gwiwa tare da Chicago Cubs da Wrigley Field wanda ya haɗa da haƙƙin suna ga wurin horar da bazara na Cubs a Mesa, Arizona. Filin wasan wanda a da ake kira Cubs Park, yanzu ana kiransa Sloan Park.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Jerin masu gwagwarmayar kare hakkin ɗan Adam da aka kashe

Wannan jerin sunayen 'yan adawar siyasa ne da aka kashe da kuma masu rajin kare hakkin bil'adama. 

## Manazarta
Standard Sanitary Manufacturing Company

An kafa asali Standard Sanitary lokacin da James West Arrott na James West Arrott Inshora a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ya karbi wani kamfani na hooper mai fatara wanda ba zai iya biyan kuɗin inshorar su ba. Tare da Francis Torrance (suna da alaƙa yayin da suke auri ƴan'uwan Waddell) sun koyi game da sanya sunan porcelain a Turai kuma sun kawo wannan dabarar zuwa Amurka ta hanyar yin wanka da farko sannan kuma bayan gida da nutsewa. A ƙarshen 1890s ne aka haɗa Standard Sanitary tare da sauran masana'antun sarrafa famfo don samar da Standard Sanitary Manufacturing Company.

Standard Sanitary Manufacturing Company wani Ba'amurke ne ya kera kayan aikin wanka. An kafa shi a cikin 1875 ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar Kamfanin Ahrens da Ott Manufacturing Company, Standard Manufacturing Company, Dawes da Myler Manufacturing Company, da kuma wasu tsire-tsire shida waɗanda aka haɗa su don samar da Standard Manufacturing Company, hedkwata a Pittsburgh, tare da Theodore Ahrens ( Jr.) a matsayin shugabanta na farko. Ya rike wannan matsayi, da sauran su, har zuwa 1934

A cikin 1929, kamfanin ya haɗu da Kamfanin Radiator na Amurka don samar da Kamfanin American Radiator da Standard Sanitary Corporation.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Prayag Indiya

**Prayag Indiya** wanda aka kafa a cikin 1986, masana'anta ne na Indiya kuma mai rarraba kayan aikin tsafta da na'urorin wanka. Shine kamfani na farko a Indiya don amfani da fasahar PTMT SYMET ("Polytetra Methylene Terapathalate") a sikelin samarwa. Kewayon samfurin sa ya ƙunshi samfuran tsafta guda 2500 kamar shawa, dakunan dafa abinci, famfo, famfo, hannayen kofa da dai sauransu. Cibiyar masana'antar Prayag tana cikin Bhiwadi tare da yanki mai faɗin murabba'in murabba'in 15,000.

Kasuwa ta farko ta Prayag ta kasance cibiyoyin gwamnati kamar Indiya Railways, NTPC, BHEL, ONGC, BSNL da sauransu. Aditi Arya, Miss India World 2015 mai nasara, ta kasance jakadiyar alama ta Prayag India tun daga 2015.

Prayag ya kuma dauki nauyin kofunan wasan Cricket da dama, musamman gasar cin kofin Prayag ta 2015 ga Indiya da Zimbabwe. Hakanan ya kasance mai ba da tallafi na hukuma don ƙungiyar IPL Kings XI Punjab a cikin 2012.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Aisha Khurram

**Aisha Khurram** ɗiyar Karim Khurram (an haife ta a shekara ta 1999 a birnin Kabul), 'yar fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ce haifaffiyar Afghanistan ce, musamman mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata a Afghanistan.   

A shekarar 2019, an zaɓe ta cikin mutane tamanin da aka zaɓa a matsayin wakiliyar matasan Afghanistan a Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a wata gasa ta kyauta.  

Game da shirye-shiryenta da ta bayyana a wata hira da Tolo News: "Jajayen layi na ba kawai matan da ke cin gajiyar ilimi a cikin birane ba har ma da matan da ke zaune a ƙarƙashin mulkin Taliban a larduna da kuma waɗanda ba su ma tunanin ilimi."

A cikin shekarar 2023, ta haɗu da haɗin gwiwar **E-Learning a Afghanistan**, wanda ya baiwa 'yan matan Afganistan da yawa damar ci gaba da karatunsu.

Tana taka rawar gani sosai wajen bayar da shawarwarin kare hakkin bil'adama, musamman 'yancin mata, kuma ta yi aiki tare da kungiyoyin kare Haƙƙin bil'adama daban-daban tsawon shekaru da dama.  

## E-learning a Afghanistan
Bayan rugujewar gwamnatin Afganistan, takunkumin da aka yi wa mata da 'yan mata ya ƙara tsananta. Wannan haramcin ya sa Khurram da sauran matan Afganistan neman hanyoyin tserewa da neman ilimi a wasu ƙasashen. Khurram, bayan tafiya mai cike da haɗari daga Afghanistan zuwa Jamus, ta fuskanci ƙalubale wajen ci gaba da karatunta. Haɗin kai tare da **Lika Torikashvili**,  sun ƙaddamar da wani shiri mai suna "E-learning in Afghanistan." Wannan shirin ya ɗauki nauyin ɗalibai da wakilai daga jami'o'i daban-daban, da tallafin kuɗi daga UNESCO da sauran kungiyoyi, don ba da damar ilimi ga 'yan matan Afganistan. Bayan bayar da ilimi, wannan kuma shirin ya nuna muhimmiyar rawar da fasaha za ta iya takawa wajen magance ƙalubalen ilimi a cikin yanayi na rikici.   

## Duba kuma

* Sima samar
* Tadamichi Yamamoto

## Manazarta
Induratana Paribatra

**Induratana Paribatra** ( Thai   ; RTGS : ko   Inthurattana Boriphat ;  an haife ta a watan 2 Fabrairu shekara  1922) zuriyar gidan sarauta ce ta Thailand, jikanyar Sarki Chulalongkorn.

## Tarihin rayuwa

Gimbiya Induratana ita ce ta tara ta Paribatra Sukhumbandhu, Yarima na Nakhon Sawan (kwamanda na Sojojin Thai da Sojan Ruwa a ƙarƙashin ɗan'uwansa, Sarki Vajiravudh), kuma ɗan farko na matar Paribatra ta biyu Sombandh (née Palakawong na Ayudhaya). Tana da ƙaramin ɗan'uwa ɗaya, Yarima Sukhumabhinanda, da kuma 'yan uwa da yawa.   [bayyanawa da ake buƙata] An ba ta taken Mai Girma a cikin mulkin Sarki Prajadhipok, Rama VII (1927).

## Aure
Induratana ta auri Somwang Sarasas a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, 1953, kuma ta bar sunanta na sarauta. Somwang Sarasas (née Sundananda) ɗan'uwan Ngarmchit Purachatra na Ayudhaya, matar dan uwan Induratana, Yarima Prem Purachatra).  Ita da Sarasas suna da 'ya'ya uku. Daga baya, sun sake aure.

# Thoranin Sarasas ya auri Sunittra Rueangsomwong
# Sinnapa Sarasas  ya auri Anan Taratai
# Santi Sarasas (an haife shi Phayanin) 

## Takardun sarauta

* 2 ga Fabrairu 1922 - 1927: Sarauniyarta Induratana Paribatra 
* 1927 - 1953: *Mai Girma* Princess Induratana 
* 1953 — ? : Mrs. Induratana Sarasas 
* ?  - yanzu: Ms. Induratana Paribatra 

## Tsofaffi
 

## manazarta
Ideal Standard

Ideal Standard babban kamfani ne mai zaman kansa wanda ke da hedikwata a Belgium.

Aiki da farko a cikin Latin Amurka da Turai, alamar ta samo asali tun 1949, lokacin da aka yi amfani da ita don yin alama na ayyukan ƙasashen waje na ƙungiyar American Standard. Sunan "Ideal" ya samo asali ne daga alamar "Ideal Boilers" da Kamfanin Radiator na Amurka ke amfani da shi.

A cikin Satumba 2023, an ba da sanarwar cewa kamfanin kera kayayyakin yumbu na Mettlach mai hedkwata, Villeroy & Boch ya sayi Ideal Standard akan Yuro miliyan 600. An kammala cinikin a cikin Maris 2024.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya

sabon kamfani, wanda aka fi sani da Ideal Standard International, an kafa shi ne a cikin 2007 ta hanyar siyar da kasuwancin kayayyakin wanka da dafa abinci na Kamfanonin Standard na Amurka akan dala biliyan 1.745 ga Bain Capital Partners. Ayyukan Arewacin Amurka da Asiya na Matsayin Amurka an siyar da su ga Sun Capital da Lixil Group bi da bi, tare da ayyukan Turai da Latin Amurka suna riƙe da Matsayin Ideal.

Daga nan aka sake fasalin kamfanin, inda aka aiwatar da matakan rage tsadar kayayyaki, da kuma jigilar wasu kayayyakin da ake samar da kamfanin zuwa Asiya da Gabashin Turai - an bude wani sabon wurin samar da kayayyaki a Bulgaria. Suisse Credit Suisse da Bank of America ne suka sauƙaƙa sayen Bain Capital; daga baya masu bin bashin suka yi ta faman zubar da bashin da suke bi.

An kammala shirin sake fasalin a cikin 2011, amma kamfanin ya yi asara a cikin 2012 saboda ƙarancin tallace-tallace. A cikin 2013 kamfanin ya rage yawan ma'aikata da 250 saboda rashin tallace-tallace; An gabatar da ƙarin sake fasalin a cikin 2014, gami da bashi don musanya daidaito tare da mai riƙe hannun jari Anchorage Capital. A cikin 2014 hukumar gasar EU ta amince da Anchorage Capital ta zama mai haɗin gwiwa na kamfanin tare da Bain Capital. 

 kamfanin yana da hedkwata a Belgium, kuma yana da ma'aikata sama da 10,000. Kayayyakin ta sun hada da kayan wanka ciki har da dakunan wanka, kayan tsabta, da ruwan sha, ana sayar da su a ƙarƙashin alamomi ciki har da Armitage Shanks, Ceramica Dolomite, Porcher, da *Vidima*.

## Dubi kuma

* Gidan da ya dace, London
* Kamfanin Radiator na Amurka da Kamfanin Masana'antu na Standard Sanitary, kamfanonin da suka riga su

## Manazarta
Sayed Pervez Kambaksh

**Sayed Parwez Kambaksh**  Sayed Parwiz Kambakhsh ko Sayed Parwez Kambaksh ko Sayed Pervez Kambaksh) an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1984 a Afghanistan. A ƙarshen 2007, ya kasance ɗalibi a Jami'ar Balkh kuma ɗan jarida na *Jahan-e-Naw* (*Sabuwar Duniya*), kowace rana. A ranar 27 ga watan Oktoba, 2007, ƴan sanda sun kama Kambaksh, kuma sun zarge shi da "saɓo da rarraba nassosi masu ɓata sunan Musulunci".  Hukumomi sun yi iƙirarin cewa Kambaksh ya rarraba rubuce-rubucen da Arash Bikhoda (Arash theist) ya buga a Intanet. Rubutun Bikoda ya soki yadda ake mu’amala da mata a ƙarƙashin Shari’ar Musulunci.

A ranar 22 ga watan Janairun 2008, Kotun Firamare da ke birnin Mazar-e-Sharif da ke arewacin ƙasar ta yanke wa Kambaksh hukuncin kisa saboda "saboda yin sabo da rarraba rubutun da ke ɓata sunan Musulunci". Babban alkalin kotun ya ce, “Ya zagi Annabi Muhammad (A), ya kira shi mai kisa da mata”.  Kotun ta dogara da ikirari na Kambaksh. Kambaksh ya yi tir da ikirari a matsayin sakamakon azabtarwa.  A ranar 29 ga watan Janairu, 2008, Majalisar Dattawa ta ba da sanarwar goyon bayan hukuncin kisa amma cikin sauri ta janye shi saboda kuskuren fasaha.  

Kambaksh ya ɗaukaka kara kan hukuncin, kuma an koma kotun ɗaukaka kara a Kabul. A watan Oktoban 2008, kotu ta amince da hukuncin amma ta mayar da hukuncin zuwa gidan yari na tsawon shekaru ashirin.  

Kambaksh ya ɗaukaka kara zuwa Kotun Koli. A ranakun 11 ko 12 ga watan Fabrairu, 2009, Kotun Koli ta amince da hukuncin Kotun Ɗaukaka Kara. 

A ƙarshen watan Agustan 2009, shugaba Hamid Karzai ya yi afuwa ga Kambaksh. 

A cikin shekarar 2015 an bayyana cewa Kambaksh ya riga ya tsere daga Afghanistan kafin a yi masa afuwa tare da taimakon wasu manyan jami'an diflomasiyyar Norway da Sweden. An fitar da Kambaksh ne daga Afganistan a asirce a cikin jirgin gwamnatin Sweden kuma ɗauke da ministan harkokin wajen Sweden Carl Bildt da ke ziyara. An ɗauki wannan gagarumin matakin ne a cewar Bildt a wata hira da Expressen bayan Karzai ya ki amincewa da neman afuwa da jami'an diflomasiyyar Nordic suka yi a madadin Kambaksh.  

## Duba kuma

* Hakkin dan Adam a Afghanistan

## Manazarta
Soomaya Javadi

**Soomaya Javadi** wata mai fafutukar kare hakkin ɗan Adam ta Hazara ce wacce ta tsere daga Afghanistan bayan faɗuwar Kabul a shekarar 2021 tare da taimakon gidauniyar Birds 30, kuma ta zauna a Saskatoon, Kanada. Ta yi nuni da irin tsananin kyamar mata da ƙananan ƙabilu irinsu Hazara da ke Afganistan, ta himmatu wajen inganta yancin mata da na tsiraru a ƙasarta ta haihuwa ta hanyar fafutuka da ilimi.    

## Manazarta
Anarkali Kaur Honaryar

**Anarkali Kaur Honaryar**  'yar siyasar  Sikh 'yar Afganistan ce.  Ita ma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata ce kuma likitar hakori, da kuma likita. 

Kimanin Sikhs da Hindu 30,000 ne kawai a Afghanistan, Anarkali Kaur Honaryar na ɗaya daga cikinsu. Ita ce mace ta farko wacce ba musulma ba ce a majalisar dokokin ƙasar Afganistan.

## Sana'a
Lokacin da aka kori Taliban a shekarar 2001, Honaryar ta karanci likitanci a Jami'ar Kabul. Ta kasance memba a Loya Jirga da ke zaɓar gwamnatin rikon kwarya ta Afganistan bayan faɗuwar Taliban, sannan kuma mamba ce ta kwamitin tsarin mulkin Afghanistan.  A cikin shekarar 2006, ta zama memba na Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam mai zaman kanta ta Afghanistan. 

A cikin shekarar 2010, an zaɓi Honaryar a matsayin Meshrano Jirga na ƙasar, kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ba musulma ba da ta cimma wannan matsayi, ta bar muƙaminta a tsakiyar 2015. 

A ranar 22 ga watan Agusta shekarar, 2021, ta zo Indiya tare da wasu Indiyawan da sojojin Indiya suka ceto daga Afganistan saboda harin Taliban na Afghanistan a 2021. 

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa
Honaryar sananniyar mai fafutukar kare hakkin ɗan Adam ne  kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta UNESCO-Madanjeet Singh don habɓaka Haƙuri da Rashin Tashin hankali.  "domin aikinta na taimaka wa matan da ke fama da cin zarafi a cikin gida, auren dole da nuna wariyar jinsi da kuma jajircewarta na inganta manufofin mutunta bil'adama, 'yancin ɗan Adam, mutunta juna da kuma juriya a ƙasarta."  Rediyo Free Europe reshen Afganistan kuma ya zaɓi Honaryar a matsayin gwarzuwar shekara a 2009. 

## Manazarta
American Standard Brands

American Standard Brands shine mai kera kayan aikin famfo na Arewacin Amurka, wanda ke a Piscataway, New Jersey, Amurka. Babban mallakarta ne na Ƙungiyar Lixil, tare da Bain Capital Partners suna riƙe da gungumen azaba. An kafa kamfanin a matsayin American Standard Americas daga Arewacin Amirka ayyukan dafa abinci da gidan wanka na American Standard Companies a lokacin rabuwa da kamfanin a 2007. Crane Plumbing da Eljer aka hade a cikin kamfanin a 2008 samar American Standard Brands.

Baya ga sunan sa na American Standard, kamfanin kuma yana samar da kayayyaki a ƙarƙashin samfuran Crane, Eljer, Fiat, Sanymetal, da Showerite.

## Tarihi

A ranar 1 ga watan Fabrairu, shekarar 2007, Kamfanonin Ma'auni na Amurka sun sanar da cewa za su rabu da sassan uku. Shirin ya haɗa da siyar da ɗakin dafa abinci da sashin wanka da jujjuyawar WABCO Holdings, sashin kula da ababen hawa na American Standard, yayin da yake riƙe da Kamfanin Trane.

A ranar 31 ga watan Oktoba, shekarar alif 2007, American Standard ta sanar da cewa ta kammala siyar da sashen dafa abinci da na wanka ga Bain Capital Partners, LLC. Wannan ya haɗa da sayar da sunan Standard na Amurka ga Bain.

A halin yanzu, Matsayin Amurka yana riƙe da haƙƙin amfani da sunan "Amurka Standard" don samfuran HVAC. American Standard daga baya ya canza suna zuwa Trane a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba,shekarar alif 2007. Daga baya a cikin 2007, Ingersoll Rand ya sayi Trane, yana samun sunayen Trane da American Standard. Ingersoll Rand ya ci gaba da samar da kayan aikin HVAC a ƙarƙashin sunayen biyu.

Bain Capital ya ƙirƙiri daidaitattun Amurkawa daga sassan Arewacin Amurka na rukunin kasuwancin wanka da wuraren dafa abinci da aka samu daga Kamfanonin Standard na Amurka. Bain ya sayar da mafi yawan hannun jari a Standard Americas ga Sun Capital Partners a ranar 27 ga watan Nuwamba, shekarar alif 2007.

A cikin Fabrairu shekarar alif 2008, American Standard Americas sun haɗu da wasu kamfanoni biyu na kayan aikin famfo, Crane Plumbing da Eljer don ƙirƙirar Alamar Ma'auni na Amurka. Ƙungiyar Crane Plumbing ta ƙunshi tsohon layin samfurin Universal-Rundle wanda Crane ya samu a cikin shekarar alif 1995 kuma yana ci gaba da tallafawa tare da sassan gyarawa. Crane kuma yana da Reshen Kamfanin Crane Plumbing Corporation na Kanada. .

A watan Yunin shekarar alif 2013, kamfanin Lixil Group na Japan ya amince da siyan Madaidaitan Alamomin Amurka daga Sun Capital Partners.

A cikin shekarar alif 2015, An gane Matsayin Amurka don matsayi na farko don "Sakamakon Alamar" a cikin Na'urorin haɗi na Bathroom ta Mujallar magini

## Dubi kuma

* Kyakkyawan Standard, tsohon ayyukan Turai da Latin Amurka na wanda ya riga ya kasance na American Standard.
* Ginin Radiator na Amurka
* John B. Pierce
* Masu fafatawa na farko: Delta, Kohler, Moen, Pfister, Toto

## Manazarta
Kohler Kitchen & Bath

**Kohler Kitchen & Bath** wani yanki na Kamfanin Kohler, yana kera kayan dafa abinci da kayan aikin bututun wanka. Ƙungiyar Kohler Kitchen & Bath tana da wurare a cikin Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Oregon, Kanada, da Faransa..

## Rukunin reshe

### Robern
Robern, wani reshe na Kohler tun 1995, yana ƙera ɗakunan, madubai, abubuwan banza da hasken gidan wanka. Robern yana da hedkwata a Bristol, Pennsylvania .

### Kallista
An kafa shi a 1979 a San Francisco, California,  Kallista yana ƙera bututun ruwa, sinks, consoles, whirlpools da cabinets.

An kafa shi a cikin Armstrong British Columbia, Kamfanin Kohler ya saya Hytec Manufacturing a cikin 1987, lokacin da ya zama Hytec Plumbing Products, wani yanki na Kamfanin Kohler Canada. Hytec yana kera gelcoat da acrylic bathtubs, shawa, da masu karɓar shawa.

### Kohler Mira
Kamfanin Kohler kuma ya mallaki Kohler Mira Ltd, kamfanin famfo da ke Cheltenham, Gloucestershire wanda aka sani da alamar shawan Mira, shahararriyar alamar shawa ta biyu a Burtaniya bayan Triton Showers. Kohler ya sayi Mira Showers a cikin 2011.  

### Yakubu Delafon
Jacob Delafon, wanda Kamfanin Kohler ya samu a cikin 1986, yana kera baho, shawa, tankuna, baho, da wuraren shawa. A 2003, sunan Jacob Delafon ya zama Kohler Faransa.

### Rashin famfo
Sterling Plumbing produces shower doors, baths, showers, sink faucets, toilets, kitchen accessories, toilet seats, and bathroom wash basin.

[8

## Bayanan da aka ambata
The Male Machine

The Male Machine littafi ne na Marc Fasteau wanda aka rubuta a lokacin raƙuman mata na biyu a Amurka. McGraw-Hill ne ya buga shi a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 1974.

Littafin ya bincika mummunar tsammanin jinsi da maza ke fuskanta. Dangane da fahimtar mutum da gogewa, marubucin ya bincika tatsuniyoyi game da namiji da tasirin su a kan al'umma.

## Saki
An buga littafin ne a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 1974, kuma an buga shi na uku a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1974. Littafin ya sami duka hardcover da kuma takarda. Littafin a halin yanzu ba a buga shi ba.

## Karɓuwa
Littafin ya sami yabo sosai a lokacin da aka saki shi daga wallafe-wallafen mata kamar  mujallar, wanda co-kafa Gloria Steinem ya yaba da Fasteau a matsayin "mai leken asiri a cikin rukunin fararen maza" kuma ya bayyana shi da ƙungiyar 'yanci na maza "sauran rabin juyin juya hali". Amma littafin ya sami zargi mara kyau a waje da ƙungiyar mata. Larry McMurtry na The New York Times ya ce, "Binciken [a cikin littafin] wani lokaci yana da ƙarfi kuma koyaushe yana da zuciya, amma wani gaggawa mai tsanani yana ɓoye sautin. "

## Duba kuma

* Yunkurin kare hakkin maza
* Motsi na maza
* Yunkurin kare hakkin iyaye

## Manazarta

## Ƙarin karantawa

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