Victor Papanek

**Victor Josef Papanek** (pronunciation Jamusanci: [ˈvɪktoʁ ˈjoːsɛf ˈpapanɛk]; 22 Nuwamba 1923 - 10 Janairu 1998) ɗan asalin ƙasar Austriya ne kuma ɗan asalin ƙasar Amirka ne mai tsarawa kuma malami, wanda ya zama mai ba da shawara mai ƙarfi game da ƙirar zamantakewa da ke da alhakin muhalli na samfuran, kayan aiki, da kayan aikin al'umma. Littafinsa Design for the Real World, wanda aka buga a 1971 kuma aka fassara shi cikin harsuna sama da 24, yana da tasiri na duniya.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Victor Josef Papanek a Vienna, Austria, a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba 1923.   Akwai bayanai masu rikitarwa da aka buga game da ranar haihuwar Papanek, kuma kwanakin suna tsakanin 1923 da 1927. Mahaifiyarsa ita ce Helene (née Spitz) kuma mahaifinsa Richard Papanek ne, mai sayar da abinci na Yahudawa. An haifi Victor a lokacin da yake jihar Social Democratic.   Ya halarci makaranta a Ingila. Mahaifinsa ya mutu a 1935, yayin da yake aiki a cikin Sojojin Faransa.

A cikin 1939, bayan Da Nazi Jamus ta mamaye Austria, Papanek mai shekaru 15 ya yi hijira zuwa Amurka ta hanyar Ellis Island a matsayin 'yan gudun hijira. A shekara ta 1940, ya koyar da darussan Jamusanci a YMCA ta New York.

Bayan isowa Birnin New York, baje kolin duniya na New York na 1939 yana faruwa, wanda ya haɗa da aikin Raymond Loewy. Wannan ya tsara wasu ra'ayoyin farko na Papanek game da ƙira a matsayin nau'in dimokuradiyya. A ƙarshen shekarun 1940, Papanek ya kirkiro mai ba da shawara na farko a Birnin New York da ake kira, Design Clinic . 

## Ilimi
Papanek ya yi karatun gine-gine tare da Frank Lloyd Wright a Taliesin West a Arizona a cikin 1949. Papanek ya sami digiri na farko a Cooper Union a New York (1950) kuma ya kammala karatun digiri a cikin zane a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MA 1955). 

Dan gudun hijira na Berlin Paul Zucker yana da tasiri sosai a kan Papanek yayin karatunsa a Cooper Union . 

## Ayyuka
Papanek ya kirkiro kayayyaki na kayayyaki don Kungiyar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al'adu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNESCO) da Kungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO). Volvo na Sweden ya yi kwangila da aikin zane tare da shi,  don ƙirƙirar taksi ga nakasassu.

Kayan da ya tsara sun haɗa da rediyo mai ban mamaki, wanda aka yi daga gwangwani na abinci na ƙarfe kuma ana amfani da shi ta kyandir mai cin wuta, wanda aka tsara don a samar da shi da arha a kasashe masu tasowa. Har ila yau, ƙwarewarsa ta ƙira ta kai shi cikin ayyukan kamar hanyar da ta dace don watsar da tsaba da taki don sake dasa bishiyoyi a cikin ƙasa mai wahalar samun dama, da kuma aiki tare da ƙungiyar ƙira a kan abin hawa mai amfani da mutum wanda zai iya isar da nauyin rabin tan, da kuma wata ƙungiya don tsara motar da ke da ƙafa uku, mai gajiya sosai.

Papanek ya sami kyaututtuka da yawa, ciki har da Kyautattun Mai zane daga National Endowment for the Arts a shekarar 1988.  A shekara mai zuwa a shekara ta 1989, ya sami lambar yabo ta Duniya ta Gidauniyar IKEA . 

### Ka'idoji da koyarwa
Ra'ayoyin Papanek game da ƙirar iconoclastic, aikin jarida, da kuma tsarinsa na musamman na duniya ga shirye-shiryen koyarwa ya kasance babban canji daga ƙungiyoyin ƙira na shekarun 1960 da 1970.  Ra'ayinsa game da zane shine na wani abu ko tsarin, musamman aiki a matsayin kayan aikin siyasa. Tare da sha'awarsa ga dukkan fannoni na zane da kuma yadda zane ya shafi mutane da muhalli, Papanek ya ji cewa yawancin abin da aka ƙera ba shi da kyau, sau da yawa ba shi da amfani har ma da aminci. Littafinsa "Design for the Real World" (1971), ya tsara yawancin waɗannan ra'ayoyin.

### Koyarwa
A cikin mafi yawan aikinsa, Papanek ya koyar da darussan zane.[1] Ya kasance Mataimakin farfesa kuma Shugaban Sashen Zane na Kayayyaki a Makarantar Zane a Kwalejin Jihar North Carolina (1962). [undefined][2] Bugu da ƙari, Papanek ya koyar a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Ontario, Makarantar Zane ta Rhode Island, Jami'ar Purdue, Cibiyar Fasaha ta California (inda ya kasance dean), Cibiyar Fasahar Kansas City (daga 1976 zuwa 1981), Jami'ar Kansas (J.L. Constant Farfesa na Gine-gine da Zane, 1982-1998), [1] da sauran wurare a Arewacin Amurka, Turai da sauran wurare.

## Mutuwa da gado
Papanek ya mutu a ranar 10 ga Janairu, 1998, a Lawrence, Kansas, yana da shekaru 74. 

An kirkiro lambar yabo ta Victor J Papanek Social Design a matsayin hadin gwiwa tsakanin Gidauniyar Papanek, Jami'ar Fasaha ta Vienna, Gidan Tarihi da Zane da Cibiyar Al'adu ta Austrian, don ba da lambar yabo ga "aikin da suka tabbatar da hangen nesa na Papanek game da muhalli da / ko alhakin zamantakewa".

A cikin 2015, Makarantar Zane ta Parsons da Gidauniyar Victor Papanek ta Jami'ar Fasaha ta Vienna sun gudanar da taro da nune-nunen, Yadda Abubuwa Ba Ta Aiki: Mafarki na Victor Papanak . 

A cikin 2018-2021, Gidan Tarihi na Vitra da Gidauniyar Victor Papanek na Jami'ar Fasaha ta Vienna sun gudanar da nune-nunen solo, Victor Papanak: Siyasa ta Zane.

## Rayuwa ta mutum

## Manazarta