Kenneth Fisher

**Kenneth Lawrence Fisher** (an haife shi a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba, 1950) wani mai sharhi ne kan harkokin zuba jari na Amurka, marubuci, kuma wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban zartarwa na Fisher Investments, mai ba da shawara kan harkokin kuɗi kawai. Shafin "Portfolio Strategy" na Fisher na *Forbes* ya fara ne daga 1984 zuwa 2017, wanda ya sanya shi marubuci mafi daɗewa a tarihin mujallar.  Fisher yanzu an san shi da rubuta ginshiƙan harshe na wata-wata, na harshen asali a manyan kafofin watsa labarai na ƙasashen duniya.   Fisher ya rubuta littattafai goma sha ɗaya kan zuba jari, da kuma takardun bincike a fannin harkokin kuɗi na ɗabi'a . A shekarar 2010, an haɗa shi cikin jerin "30 zuwa 30" na mujallar *Investment Advisor* na mutane 30 mafi tasiri a cikin harkokin ba da shawara kan zuba jari a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata.  Ya zuwa watan Agusta 2024, an kiyasta dukiyarsa ta kai dala biliyan 11.2. 

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Kenneth Fisher a San Francisco, California, ɗan wani mai zuba jari mai tasiri a hannun jari Philip A. Fisher . Fisher ya girma a San Mateo, California . Tun yana ɗan shekara 13, yana samun dala $1.20 a kowace awa yana tsinkar 'ya'yan itace, yana yankewa da kuma yana ba da taki.  Ya daina makarantar sakandare ya tafi Cal Poly Humboldt don yin karatun gandun daji, kuma ya kammala karatun digiri na biyu a fannin tattalin arziki a 1972.   Jihar Humboldt ta amince da Fisher da lambar yabo ta tsofaffin ɗalibai a 2007.  A 2015, an naɗa Fisher a kwamitin masu ba da shawara na Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Forbes a Jami'ar Ashford . 

A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, Fisher ya taimaka wa Fisher Investments ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan manajojin kuɗi masu zaman kansu a duniya. 

A shekara ta 2007, Fisher da Thomas Grüner sun kafa Grüner Fisher Investments a Jamus. 

Tun lokacin da ya fara zuba jari a Fisher Investments a shekarar 1979 da dala $250 kacal, Ken ya kara yawan kadarorin Fisher Investments zuwa sama da dala biliyan $275 a karkashin kulawarsa nan da shekarar 2024.  

## Zuba Jarin Fisher
Fisher shine wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban Fisher Investments, wani kamfani mai zaman kansa na kula da kuɗi .   Ya kafa kamfanin a shekarar 1979, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1986,  kuma ya kasance shugaban kamfanin har zuwa watan Yulin 2016, lokacin da Damian Ornani, ma'aikaci na dogon lokaci, ya gaje shi. Fisher ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin shugaban zartarwa na kamfanin kuma babban jami'in saka hannun jari. 

A watan Yunin 2024, Fisher Investments ta sanar da cewa Advent International da Hukumar Zuba Jari ta Abu Dhabi sun amince su sayi hannun jarin tsiraru a kamfanin wanda darajarsa ta kai tsakanin dala biliyan 2.5 zuwa dala biliyan 3.  Yarjejeniyar ta darajar Fisher Investments a kusan dala biliyan 13 kuma ita ce jarin farko da aka zuba a waje a kamfanin. Bayan kammala cinikin, an ruwaito cewa Ken Fisher zai riƙe mafi yawan hannun jarin da kuma fiye da kashi 70% na hannun jarin da aka kaɗa bayan cinikin, wanda ake sa ran kammalawa a shekarar 2024. 

## Binciken saka hannun jari da falsafa
An yi cikakken bayani game da aikin ka'idar Fisher na gano da gwada rabon farashi-zuwa-tallace-tallace (PSR) a cikin littafinsa na Dow Jones na 1984, *Super Stocks* . James O'Shaughnessy ya yaba wa Fisher da kasancewa farkon wanda ya fayyace kuma ya yi amfani da PSR a matsayin kayan aikin hasashen.  A cikin littafin Fisher na 2006, *Tambayoyi Uku Kawai Da Suka Karu*, ya bayyana cewa ana amfani da PSR sosai kuma an san shi, kuma ba shi da amfani kamar alamar hannun jari marasa ƙima . 

A cewar *The Guru Investor* na John P. Reese da Jack M. Forehand, a ƙarshen shekarun 1990, Fisher ya bayyana falsafar jarinsa bayan ya yi nazarin ribar hannun jari da kuma rabon P/E tsakanin Janairu 1976 da Yuni 1995 na nau'ikan jari shida: ƙimar babban-cap, ƙimar tsakiyar-cap, ƙimar ƙaramin-cap, haɓakar babban-cap, haɓakar tsakiyar-cap, da haɓakar ƙaramin-cap. 

Ba a bayyana ƙaramin ƙima a matsayin nau'in saka hannun jari ba har zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1980. Fisher Investments yana cikin manajojin kuɗi na cibiyoyi waɗanda ke ba da jarin ƙananan ƙima ga abokan ciniki a ƙarshen shekarun 1980. 

## Rubuce-rubuce, littattafai da sauran kafofin watsa labarai
Fisher sananne ne saboda ginshiƙansa na saka hannun jari, wanda a halin yanzu ke gudana a jaridar *New York Post* da wasu ƙasashe 18. Ginshiƙin "Portfolio Strategy" na Fisher na *Forbes* ya fara ne daga 1984 zuwa 2017.  Fisher kuma yana buga bidiyon YouTube na yau da kullun yana amsa tambayoyin masu zuba jari kuma yana bayyana a manyan kafofin watsa labarai na Amurka da na duniya, ciki har da Bloomberg TV, CNBC, CNBC India, CNBC Asia, CNN International da Fox News . 

Fisher ya rubuta littattafai goma sha ɗaya na saka hannun jari, shida daga cikinsu sun fi sayar da kayayyaki a ƙasa: 

* *Manyan Hannun Jari* (1984)
* *Wall Street Waltz* (1987)
* *Hankali 100 da Suka Yi Kasuwa* (1993)
* *Tambayoyi Uku Kadai Da Suka Dace* (2006)
* *Hanyoyi Goma Zuwa Arziki* (2008)
* *Yadda Ake Ƙanshi Bera* (2009)
* *Debunkery* (2010)
* *Kada Kasuwa Su Manta* (2011)
* *Shirya Arzikinka* (2012)
* *Ƙaramin Littafin Tatsuniyoyi na Kasuwa* (2013)
* *Kayar da Jama'a* (2015).

*Tambayoyi Uku Kadai Da Har Yanzu Ke Da Muhimmanci,* *Hanyoyi Goma Zuwa Arziki*, *Yadda Ake Ƙanshi Bera*, da Kuma *Sharhin Wasa* Duk Sune Mafi Shahararrun Labarai A Jaridar New York Times . 

A shekarar 2015, Fisher ta fitar da littafin *Beat the Crowd: How You Can Out-Invest the Herd by Think Differently* .  A wata hira da CNN Money, Fisher ta tattauna yadda aka riga aka sanya tallan kafofin watsa labarai game da manyan abubuwan da suka faru na tattalin arziki a kasuwannin hannayen jari a duk duniya, da kuma dalilin da ya sa masu zuba jari suka fi samun ci gaba da damuwa game da abubuwan da kasuwa ke watsi da su.  Fisher ta fitar da bugu na biyu na *The Only Three Questions That Count* a watan Afrilun 2012, da kuma bugu na biyu na *The Ten Roads to Riches* a watan Afrilun 2017. 

## Taimakon jama'a
A shekarar 2006, Fisher ya bayar da dala $3.5&nbsp;miliyan don ba da kyautar Kenneth L. Fisher Chair a Redwood Forest Ecology a Humboldt State.  Kyautar tana tallafawa binciken ilimin halittu na redwood a cikin dindindin kuma tana ba da tallafi ga ɗaliban digiri, dakunan gwaje-gwaje, da kayan aikin filin; binciken ya mayar da hankali musamman kan nazarin rufin gida.  Manufar Fisher wajen ƙirƙirar kujera ita ce ta canza fahimtarmu game da bishiyoyi da dazuzzuka. 

A shekarar 2012, Fisher da matarsa sun ba da dala miliyan 7.5 ga Jami'ar Johns Hopkins don tallafawa sabuwar Cibiyar Sherrilyn da Ken Fisher don Cututtukan Muhalli. Bayan tattaunawa mai zurfi, an amince da gudummawar Fishers. 

## Harkokin siyasa
Tare da matarsa, Fisher sun ba da gudummawar dala $250,000 ga yakin neman zaben Donald Trump na 2020. 

A zagayen yakin neman zaben shugaban kasa na 2024, bayanan FEC sun nuna cewa Fisher bai bayar da gudummawa ga Trump, Joe Biden ko Kamala Harris ba, amma ya bayar da gudummawa ga wasu, ciki har da 'yan takarar Republican da Democrat, da kuma Robert F. Kennedy Jr.  

## Ce-ce-ku-ce
A watan Oktoban 2019, an soki Fisher saboda kalaman da ya yi a lokacin wani taron masana'antu da Tiburon Strategic Advisors ta dauki nauyin shiryawa.  

*Bloomberg ne ya jagoranci bayar da rahoton kan labarin.* A cikin wani labarin da Bloomberg ya rubuta a watan Oktoban 2019, *Bloomberg,* wanda ya kira Fisher "daya daga cikin manyan manajojin kuɗi a Amurka" ya rubuta cewa ya yi tsokaci yana kwatanta abokan cinikin da suka ci nasara a harkokin kuɗi da "ƙoƙarin shiga cikin wandon 'yan mata." A cikin wata hira *da Bloomberg* a lokacin, Fisher ya ce ya ji an cire maganganunsa daga mahallinsu.  A watan Fabrairun 2020, *Bloomberg* ya gyara rahotonsa kuma ya rubuta Fisher "ya yi taka tsantsan game da amfani da tsare-tsaren kuɗi - wanda ya haɗa da sa mutane su yi magana game da kuɗinsu - a matsayin hanyar yin rijistar sabbin abokan ciniki masu saka hannun jari, yana kwatanta wannan hanyar da ɗaukar mace a mashaya." Wani rikodin da aka yi a taron Tiburon, wanda *CNBC* ta samu kuma *Bloomberg* ta ambata, ya kama Fisher yana cewa "ba za ka je wurin mace a mashaya ka tambayi abin da ke cikin wandonka ba." 

A ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2019, an sanar da cewa a martanin da Fisher ya bayar, jihar Michigan ta janye asusun fansho na dala miliyan 600 daga Fisher Investments.  A ranar 16 ga Oktoba, 2019, birnin Boston ya cire asusun fansho na dala miliyan 248 daga Fisher Investments saboda kalaman Fisher marasa tushe. 

Wasu sakamako sun biyo baya. Fidelity ta sanar da cewa tana duba kadarorin da ƙungiyar Fisher ke kula da su na dala miliyan 500, kuma hukumar fansho ta Philadelphia ta dakatar da dangantakarta da Fisher. Cikin makonni bayan faruwar lamarin Fisher Investments ta rasa sama da dala biliyan 2.7 yayin da wasu abokan hulɗa na cibiyoyi da dama, ciki har da fansho na gwamnati, suka yanke alaƙarsu da kamfanin. Kamfanin da Fisher ta kafa shi ma yana ɗaukar mataki. Babban Jami'in Fisher Investments Damian Ornani ya rubuta wa ma'aikata wata sanarwa yana mai cewa: "Maganganun Ken ba daidai ba ne." Ya ce kamfanin yana ɗaukar matakai don magance bambancin ra'ayi da haɗa kai a cikin ƙungiyar da kanta. Wani rahoto daga Bloomberg LP ya yi iƙirarin cewa wannan ɗabi'a ta zama ruwan dare a Fisher Investments kuma Fisher da kansa ya yi kalaman ɓatanci sau da yawa a baya.

Wannan takaddamar ba ta yi wani tasiri ba wajen rage ci gaban AUM na Fisher. A lokacin da ake takaddamar, Fisher Investments ta sami kadarori na dala biliyan 100. Zuwa Disamba 2019, kadarorin Fisher da ke ƙarƙashin gudanarwa sun haura zuwa dala biliyan 121.  Zuwa watan Fabrairu 2025, kamfanin ya kusan ninka girmansa sau uku zuwa dala biliyan 299 na kadarorin da ke ƙarƙashin gudanarwa. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Fisher yana da aure, yana da 'ya'ya maza uku manya, Nathan, Jesse da Clayton.  Yana zaune a Dallas, Texas.  Nathan Fisher shine babban mataimakin shugaban zartarwa na Fisher Investments 401(k) Solutions. 

## Manazarta