Yanayin Massachusetts

Yanayin Massachusetts galibi yanayi ne na nahiya mai ɗanɗano, tare da zafi, lokacin rani, sanyi, lokacin sanyi na dusar ƙanƙara da hazo mai yawa.  Massachusetts jiha ce da ke a yankin New England a arewa maso gabashin Amurka.  Yawancin al'ummarta miliyan 7 suna zaune a cikin babban birnin Boston.  Rabin gabacin wannan karamar jaha ta fi yawan birane da kewaye.  Massachusetts ita ce mafi yawan jama'a a cikin jihohi shida na New England kuma tana matsayi na uku a cikin al'ummar ta yawan yawan jama'a da na huɗu ta GDP ga kowane mutum.  Massachusetts na samun kusan inci 43 (mm 1,090) na ruwan sama a kowace shekara, daidai gwargwado a cikin shekaru, da ɗanɗano ruwa a lokacin hunturu.   Lokacin bazara yana da zafi tare da matsakaita yanayin zafi a watan Yuli sama da 80 °F (26.7 °C) da ƙasan dare sama da 60 °F (15.6 °C) gama gari a duk faɗin jihar.  Lokacin sanyi yana da sanyi, amma gabaɗaya ba ya wuce gona da iri a bakin teku tare da yanayin zafi mai zafi a cikin hunturu matsakaicin sama da daskarewa ko da a cikin Janairu, kodayake wuraren da ke gaba cikin ƙasa sun fi sanyi sosai.  Jihar tana da matsanancin zafi daga lokaci zuwa lokaci tare da 100 °F (37.8 °C) a lokacin rani da yanayin zafi ƙasa 0 °F (-17.8 °C) a cikin hunturu ba sabon abu bane..

Jiha tana da rabonta na matsanancin yanayi, mai saurin nor'easters da guguwa hunturu mai tsanani. Lokacin bazara na iya kawo tsawa, matsakaicin kwanaki 30 na aikin tsawa a kowace shekara. Massachusetts tana da matsakaicin guguwa guda ɗaya a kowace shekara. Massachusetts, kamar dukan gabashin tekun Amurka, yana da hadari ga guguwa. Saboda wurin da yake ya fi gabashin Tekun Atlantika fiye da jihohin da ke kudu, Massachusetts ta sha wahala kai tsaye daga babban guguwa sau uku tun 1851, adadin kai tsaye da jihar Georgia ta kudancin Atlantic ta sha wahala. Sau da yawa guguwa sun raunana zuwa ƙarfin guguwa ta wurare masu zafi suna wucewa kusa da Massachusetts.

Baya ga kudancin Connecticut, Cape Cod da tsibirai na bakin teku, yawancin New England suna da yanayi mai zafi tare da lokacin zafi da hunturu mai sanyi. Saboda gandun daji masu yawa, faduwa a New England yana kawo ganye masu haske da launuka masu kyau da ke jan hankalin masu yawon bude ido. Maɓuɓɓugar ruwa galibi suna da ruwa kuma suna da hazo. Matsakaicin ruwan sama yawanci yana daga 1,000 zuwa 1,500 millimeters ko 40 zuwa 60 inci a shekara. Snowfall sau da yawa na iya wuce 100 inci ko mita 2.5 a kowace shekara a cikin tsaunuka mafi girma.

## Irin yanayin yanayi

Yanayin Yamma, tsakiya da na ciki na arewa maso gabashin Massachusetts shine nau'in yanayi na nahiyar. Ana samun wannan a manyan yankuna na ƙasa a cikin yankuna masu matsakaici na tsakiyar latitudes inda akwai yankin rikici tsakanin polar da tropical air masses. Yanayin zafi na nahiyar yana da alamar yanayin yanayi mai canzawa da kuma babban bambancin zafin jiki na yanayi. Wuraren da ke da akalla watanni huɗu tare da matsakaicin yanayin zafi sama da  ° F (10 ° C), yanayin zafi mafi sanyi a kowane wata ƙasa da  ° F (-3 ° C), kuma waɗanda ba su cika ka'idojin yanayin tsaka-tsaki ba, an rarraba su a matsayin nahiyar. Beverly, Lynn, Boston, da kuma Interstate 95 corridor kudu maso yammacin Boston sun fara wani yanki mai zurfi zuwa yanayin zafi ko na teku, tare da hunturu mai zafi. Yankunan da kawai ke cikin Massachusetts waɗanda aka rarraba su a matsayin Yanayin teku sune Cape Ann, sassan Kudancin Kudancin da Kudancin, Cape Cod da tsibirai. Wadannan yankuna suna da matsakaiciyar tasiri daga halin yanzu na Arewacin Atlantic, wanda ke da tasiri a kan Bermuda da British Isles.

## Yanayin zafi
Massachusetts yana ganin yanayin zafi iri-iri a cikin shekara, matsakaicin yana kaiwa 95 °F (35 °C) a lokacin bazara, kuma ƙasa da -8 °F (-22 °C) a lokacin hunturu.  A babban birni kuma mafi girma a birnin Boston, watan da ya fi zafi a shekara shi ne Yuli, tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na 81 °F (27.2 °C) da matsakaicin ƙarancin zafin jiki na 66 °F (18 °C).  Watan da ya fi sanyi a shekara shi ne Janairu, tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na 36 °F (2.2 °C), da matsakaicin ƙarancin zafin jiki na 22 °F (-5.6 °C).[Boston ya ga 70 °F (21.1 °C) sau biyu a tarihin da aka rubuta a watan Fabrairu.  Mafi girman zafin jiki da aka yi rikodin na Fabrairu shine 73 °F (22.8 °C) a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, 2017. Matsakaicin zafin jiki da aka rubuta a watan Maris shine 90 °F (32 °C) a ranar 31 ga Maris, 1998. Lokacin bazara a Boston na iya zama dumi, tare da yanayin zafi mai girma kamar na 90s lokacin da iskoki suka yi ƙasa da ƙarshen Mayu zuwa ƙarshen 4 ga Mayu.  ruwan teku mai sanyi.  Watan da ya fi zafi shine Yuli, tare da matsakaicin tsayi na 82 °F (27.8 °C) da matsakaicin ƙasan 66 °F (18.9 °C), tare da yanayi yawanci ɗanɗano.  Lokacin da ya wuce 90 °F (32.2 °C) a lokacin rani ko ƙasa da 10 °F (-12.2 °C) a cikin hunturu ba bakon abu bane, amma ba kasafai ake tsawaitawa ba.  Babban rikodin yawan zafin jiki a Boston shine 104 °F (40 °C) a ranar 4 ga Yuli, 1911, da ƙarancin rikodin -18 °F (-27.8 °C), da aka yi rikodin ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 1934.[3]

The highest temperature recorded in Massachusetts is , recorded August 2, 1975 in New Bedford. The record low temperature in Massachusetts is  on January 22, 1984 in Chester.

Cooler temperatures in the summertime are seen in the coastal areas of Massachusetts. On Nantucket, the warmest month of the year is July, with an average high temperature of  and an average low temperature of . Winters in coastal Massachusetts are nearly the same as winters on the mainland. In January, the coldest month of the year, Cape Cod has an average high temperature of  and an average low temperature of .

## Tsananin yanayi

### Baƙi na Gabas ba
Nor'easters a lokacin watanni na hunturu suna zama marasa yawa. Nor'easters na iya zama masu lalacewa saboda tasirin daban-daban guda biyu. Na farko, iska mai juyawa wanda ya buge ƙasa daga arewa maso gabas, yana ɗauke da iska mai laushi daga teku wanda zai iya sauka a matsayin ruwan sama mai ƙarfi ko dusar ƙanƙara mai laushi wanda ke haifar da ambaliyar ruwa a cikin ƙasa kuma na biyu, saboda wannan iska ta arewa maso gabar teku na iya fitar da ruwan teku don tarawa a cikin bays da tashar jiragen ruwa wanda ke haifar le ƙarin raƙuman ruwa masu ƙarfi da ke haifar da ruwa mai ƙarfi wanda ke haifar. An sanya sunan guguwar ne saboda, kodayake guguwar gabaɗaya ta fito ne daga kudu maso yamma, iskar da ke kan iyaka da ke haifar da matsaloli a cikin Easter ta fito ne Daga arewa maso gabas, a yankunan bakin teku na Arewa maso gabashin Amurka da Atlantic Kanada. Fiye da haka, yana bayyana wani yanki mai matsin lamba wanda cibiyar juyawa ta kasance a Gabashin Gabas kuma wanda iskõkinsa masu jagora a gefen hagu na gaba ke juyawa a ƙasa daga arewa maso gabas. Irin wannan yanayin, idan gaba ɗaya a ƙasa ko gaba ɗaya a teku, ba a kira shi Nor'eastern saboda ba ya haɗa da ƙirar ƙasa da teku kuma ba ya haifar da matsalolin yanayi iri ɗaya. Tsarin hazo yayi kama da sauran hadari na extratropical. Nor'easters kuma na iya haifar da Ambaliyar bakin teku, Rushewar bakin teku, iskar guguwa, da ruwan sama mai yawa ko dusar ƙanƙara. Nor'easters na iya faruwa a kowane lokaci na shekara amma galibi an san su da kasancewarsu a lokacin hunturu. Yawancin Nor'easters suna farawa ne daga tsarin matsin lamba wanda ke samuwa a kudu, galibi Gulf of Mexico, kuma ana jawo su zuwa Arewa maso gabas ta hanyar jet stream. Rashin jituwa ko rarrabuwa a cikin sararin samaniya wanda ya haifar da jet yana cirewa da warwatsa iska mai tashi da sauri fiye da yadda aka maye gurbinsa a farfajiya, wanda, tare da Coriolis Effect, ya haifar da haɓaka guguwa. Hanya ta arewa maso gabas ta kawo su gabar gabas bayan tsakiyar Atlantic da New England. Gudun da ke kewaye da tsarin matsin lamba yana kawo iska mai zafi a kan ƙasa. Iska mai dumi mai laushi ya haɗu da iska mai sanyi da aka ɗauka zuwa kudu ta hanyar kwandon. Rashin zurfafawa yana inganta matsin lamba da ke kewaye da shi, wanda ke aiki don jujjuya nau'ikan iska daban-daban zuwa juna a cikin sauri. Mafi girman bambancin zafin jiki tsakanin iska biyu, mafi girman tashin hankali da rashin daidaituwa, kuma mafi tsanani guguwar zata iya zama.

Idan Easter ya ɗauki hanyar Gabashin Gabas, wannan yawanci yana nuna kasancewar yankin matsin lamba a kusa da Bermuda. guguwa za ta kai gabar tekun Arewacin Carolina kuma ta fara tasowa. A wannan lokacin, Easter na iya motsawa dan kadan a bakin teku, wanda zai zama hanyar da ta fi lalacewa, ko kuma zai iya motsawa kadan a cikin ƙasa, wanda zai gabatar da mafi yawan ruwan sama. Idan ya ɗauki hanyar da ke bakin teku, zai fara karfafawa cikin sauri. Sakamakon zai fara kaiwa manyan biranen Arewa maso gabas, kamar Boston. Guguwar, yanzu tana karuwa da sauri, tana tafiya zuwa arewa. Wadannan guguwa wani lokacin suna kara karfi a duk lokacin da suke rayuwa. Guguwar tana motsawa zuwa arewa, tana bin yanayin Gabashin Gabas. Yawancin lokaci yana kaiwa mafi girman ƙarfinsa yayin da yake kusa da gabar tekun Kanada. Guguwar ta kai yankunan Arctic, kuma tana iya kaiwa ga ƙarfin da ya yi daidai da guguwa mai ƙarfi. Daga nan sai su yi yawo a duk faɗin Arewacin Atlantic kuma suna iya ɗaukar makonni da yawa.

### Guguwa
Massachusetts ba ta da guguwa, amma ta kasance wani ɓangare na wani sanannen abin da ya faru, jerin fashewar guguwa ta Flint-Worcester, a ranar 9 ga Yuni, 1953. Babban guguwar Worcester ta kasance a ƙasa kusan minti casa'in. A wannan lokacin ya yi tafiya kilomita 46 (kilomita 74), ya kai kilomita 1 (kilominta 1.6) a fadin kuma ya ji wa mutane 1,300 rauni. Da karfe 5:08 na yamma, guguwar ta shiga Worcester kuma ta girma zuwa faɗin mil daya da ba a taɓa gani ba. Lalacewar ta kasance mai yawa a Worcester (birni na biyu mafi girma a Massachusetts), kuma ya haifar da wasu mummunar lalacewar duk wani guguwar Amurka da aka rubuta. Yankunan da suka fi fama da cutar sun hada da Kwalejin Assumption, inda aka kashe firist da 'yan majami'a biyu; an rage ganuwar tubali mai kauri na   da bene uku, kuma hasumiyar alama ta rasa hawa uku. Garin Burncoat Hill da ke kusa da shi ya ga mummunar lalacewa (musamman a kan gangaren yammacinsa), amma unguwanni na Uncatena-Great Brook Valley ne a gabashin Burncoat Hills da aka rushe, gidaje sun ɓace, kuma tarkace sun tsabtace daga shafuka. Mutane arba'in sun mutu a yankunan Uncatena-Great Brook Valley kadai. An karɓi bas din mai nauyin tan 12, an mirgine shi sau da yawa kuma an jefa shi a kan sabon ginin Curtis Apartments a Great Brook Valley, wanda ya haifar da mutuwar fasinjoji biyu. An hura zane-zanen Curtis Apartments har zuwa Duxbury, kilomita 75 (121  daga nesa. A fadin Boylston St. daga Curtis Apartments, Brookside Home Farm (a birni-operated madara facility and washry) ci gaba da cikakken lalacewa, tare da mutane shida kashe da  asarar garken shanu 80. An hura gidaje da gawawwakin da suka lalace a cikin Tafkin Quinsigamond. Mutane shida da suka mutu a Brookside sun kasance mafi yawa a kowane gini a cikin guguwar. An kashe mutane casa'in da hudu.

Yaduwar guguwar New England ta 2011 ta haifar da guguwa shida wanda ya kashe mutane uku, ya ji rauni sama da ɗari biyu, kuma ya haifar da mummunar lalacewar dukiya a tsakiya da yammacin Massachusetts.

### Guguwa mai zafi

Massachusetts ta fuskanci manyan guguwa na wurare masu zafi da yawa.  Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ita ce guguwar New England ta 1938. Guguwar ta kashe fiye da mutane 682, ta lalata ko lalata gidaje fiye da 57,000, kuma ta yi asarar dukiya da aka kiyasta kimanin dala biliyan 4.7 (dalar Amurka 2005).  Idon guguwar ya bi kogin Connecticut a arewa zuwa Massachusetts, inda iska da ambaliya suka kashe mutane 99.  A Springfield, kogin ya tashi zuwa ƙafa 6 zuwa 10 (2 zuwa 3 m) sama da matakin ambaliya, wanda ya haifar da babbar barna.  Har zuwa inci 6 (mm 152) na ruwan sama ya fado a yammacin Massachusetts, wanda ya haɗe da fiye da inci 4 (102 mm) wanda ya faɗo a kwanakin baya ya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa.[4]  Mazaunan Ware sun kasance a makale na kwanaki, kuma sun dogara ga abinci da magunguna da aka zubar da iska.[4]  Bayan ambaliya ta lakume, babban titin garin ya bar baya da kura inda ake iya ganin bututun magudanar ruwa.  A gabas, hawan ya bar Falmouth da New Bedford a ƙarƙashin ruwa 8 (2.4 m).  Kashi biyu bisa uku na duk kwale-kwalen da ke tashar jirgin ruwan New Bedford sun nutse.  Cibiyar sa ido ta Blue Hills ta yi rijistar iskar 121 mph (195 km/h) da mafi girman 186 mph (299 km/h).[.

Guguwar Gloria ta mamaye Massachusetts a shekarar 1985. A ranar 19 ga watan Agusta, 1991, Guguwar Bob, guguwa ta Category 2, ta kai kudu maso gabashin Massachusetts, Cape Cod da Martha's Vineyard sosai, ta kashe mutane 18 kuma ta ji rauni 190, tare da haifar da biliyoyin daloli a cikin lalacewa.

## Bayanan yanayi