Masallacin Jeronimos

**Masallacin Jeronimos** ko **Masallacin Hieronymites** (Portuguese: Mosteiro dos Jerónimos, mai suna [muʃˈtɐjɾu ðu (ʒ) ʒɨˈɾɔnimuʃ]) tsohon masallaci ne na Order of Saint Jerome kusa da kogin Tagus a cikin Ikklisiya na Belém, a cikin Lisbon Municipality, Portugal . Ya zama necropolis na daular sarauta ta Portugal ta Aviz a cikin karni na 16 amma an lalata shi a ranar 28 ga Disamba 1833 ta hanyar dokar jihar kuma an canja mallakarsa ga ma'aikatar sadaka, Real Casa Pia de Lisboa . 

Masallacin Jerónimos yana daya daga cikin fitattun misalai na marigayi Gothic Manueline style na gine-gine a Lisbon. An gina shi a farkon shekarun 1500 kusa da wurin kaddamar da tafiyar Vasco da Gama ta farko, kuma gininsa ya sami kuɗin haraji akan ribar shekara-shekara ta Portuguese India Armadas. A cikin 1880, an tura gawar da Gama da na mawaki Luís de Camões (wanda ya yi bikin tafiyar da Gama ta farko a cikin waka mai suna The *Lusiad* ta 1572), zuwa sabbin kaburbura da aka sassaƙa a cikin cocin masallacin, kawai 'yan mita daga kaburbura na sarakuna Manuel I da John III, waɗanda da Gama ya yi hidima. A shekara ta 1983, an rarraba Masallacin Jerónimos a matsayin Gidan Tarihin Duniya na UNESCO, tare da Hasumiyar Belém da ke kusa.

## Tarihi
Masallacin Jerónimos ya maye gurbin cocin da ke akwai a wannan wuri, wanda aka keɓe ga *Santa Maria ta Belém* kuma inda 'yan majami'ar addini na soja suka ba da taimako ga ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa a cikin hanya. Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Praia do Restelo wuri ne mai fa'ida ga masu aikin jirgin ruwa, tare da amintaccen tushe da kariya daga iskõki, waɗanda jiragen ruwa ke shiga bakin Tagus ke nema. An kaddamar da tsarin da ke akwai a kan umarnin Manuel I (1469-1521) a kotunan Montemor o Velho a cikin 1495, a matsayin wurin hutawa na ƙarshe ga membobin Gidan Aviz, a cikin imaninsa cewa mulkin daular Iberian zai yi mulki bayan mutuwarsa. A cikin shekara ta 1496, Sarki Manuel ya nemi izini ga Mai Tsarki don gina gidan ibada a shafin. Hermitage na Restelo (*Ermida do Restelo*), kamar yadda aka sani da cocin, ya riga ya lalace lokacin da Vasco da Gama da mutanensa suka kwashe dare a addu'a a can kafin su tashi a kan tafiyarsu zuwa Indiya a 1497.

## Renaissance
Ginin gidan ibada da coci ya fara ne a ranar 6 ga Janairun 1501, kuma an kammala shi shekaru 100 bayan haka. Sarki Manuel da farko ya ba da kuɗin aikin tare da kuɗin da aka samu daga *Vintena da Pimenta*, haraji na kashi 5 kan kasuwanci daga Afirka da Gabas, daidai da kilo 70 (150  na zinariya a kowace shekara, ban da waɗancan harajin da aka tattara akan shigo da albasa, cinnamon da cloves, wanda ya tafi kai tsaye ga Crown. Tare da kwararar irin wannan dukiya, gine-ginen ba su iyakance ga ƙananan tsare-tsare ba, kuma albarkatun da aka riga aka tsara don Masallacin Batalha, gami da Aviz pantheon, an sake tura su zuwa aikin a Belém.

Manuel I ya zaɓi tsarin addini na 'yan majami'ar Hieronymite don zama a gidan ibada, wanda aikinsa shine yin addu'a ga ran Sarki na har abada da kuma samar da taimako na ruhaniya ga masu ba da hanya da masu aikin jirgin ruwa waɗanda suka tashi daga tashar jiragen ruwa ta Restelo don gano ƙasashe a duniya. Wannan 'yan majami'a sun yi sama da ƙarni huɗu har zuwa 1833, lokacin da aka rushe umarnin addini kuma aka watsar da gidan ibada.

### Mulkin
A ranar 16 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1604, Philip na Spain (wanda ya yi mulki bayan Tarayyar Iberiya) ya sanya gidan ibada a matsayin abin tunawa na jana'izar sarauta, yana hana kowa sai dai dangin sarauta da 'yan majami'ar Hieronymite shiga ginin. An gina sabon ƙofar a cikin 1625, kazalika da ƙofar cloister, gidan masu tsaron ƙofar, matakala da zauren da ke ƙofar ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta sama wanda masanin gine-ginen sarauta Teodósio Frias ya tsara kuma mason Diogo Vaz ya kashe shi. A shekara ta 1640, tsohon Bento de Siqueira ya ba da umarnin gina ɗakin karatu na gidan ibada,  inda aka ajiye littattafan mallakar Infante Luís (ɗan Sarki Manuel I) da sauransu da ke da alaƙa da tsarin addini.

Tare da maido da 'yancin kai na Portugal a shekara ta 1640, gidan ibada ya sake dawo da muhimmancinsa na baya, ya zama wurin binnewa ga masallacin sarauta; a cikin ganuwarsa an binne hudu daga cikin' ya'ya takwas na John IV na Portugal: Infante Teodósio (1634-1653), Infanta Joana (1636-1653), Sarki Afonso VI (1643-1683) da Catarina de Bragança (1638-1705).  A shekara ta 1682 an binne jikin Kadanal Henrique a cikin majami'u na transept. A ranar 29 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1855, an kai gawar Sarki Afonso VI zuwa masallacin sarauta na Gidan Braganza a Masallacin São Vicente de Fora, tare da 'yan uwansa uku da' yar'uwarsa.

A shekara ta 1663, Brotherhood of the Senhor dos Passos sun mamaye tsohuwar Chapel na Santo António, wanda aka sake yin ado da rufin zinariya a shekara ta 1669, yayin da aka kammala zane-zane na matakala tare da heraldry na Saint Jerome a shekara ta 1770.  An kammala retables a cikin 1709 da 1711, an gabatar da alfaias masu daraja ga tsarin addini, kuma an sake yin ado da sacristy a cikin 1713. An ba da izini ga mai zane Henrique Ferreira a cikin 1720 don zana Sarakuna na Portugal: an sanya jerin sarauta a cikin *Sala dos Reis* (Hall of the Kings).  An kuma ba Henrique Ferreira izinin kammala jerin zane-zanen haihuwar Yesu.

## manazarta