Bambancin muhalli

*Homogeneity da heterogeneity* sune ra'ayoyin da suka shafi daidaito na abu, tsari ko hoto. Wani fasalin **iri ɗaya** ne a cikin abun da ke ciki ko hali (watau, launi, siffar, girman, nauyi, tsawo, rarraba, rubutu, harshe, samun kudin shiga, cuta, zafin , rediyo, ƙirar gine-gine, da dai sauransu); wanda yake da **bambancin** ba daidai abu ne a akalla ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan halaye.

## Magana da rubutun kalmomi
Kalmomin homogeneous da heterogeneous sun fito ne daga Latin na zamani *homogeneus* da heterogeneus, daga Tsohon Girkanci ὁμογενής (*homogenēs*) da Tian Leslieγενής (*heterogenēs*), daga ὁμός (homos, "kamar") da ːτερος (*heteros*, "wani, wani, daban") bi da bi, bi da γένος (genos, "nau'i"); -ous adjectival suffix ne.

Sauran rubutun da suka watsar da *-e-* na ƙarshe (da kuma furcin da ke tattare da shi) sun zama ruwan dare, amma sun yi kuskure:  ***homogenous*** shine tsananin kalmar halitta / pathological wanda aka maye gurbinsa da *homologous*. Amma amfani da *homogenous* don ma'anar homogeneous ya ga karuwa tun daga shekara ta 2000, ya isa yanzu a dauke shi "wani bambancin da aka kafa". Hakazalika, heterogenous shine rubutun da aka tanada ga ilmin halitta da cututtuka, yana nufin dukiyar wani abu a cikin jiki wanda ya samo asali a waje da jiki.

Ka'idodin iri ɗaya ne ga kowane matakin rikitarwa. Daga atoms zuwa galaxies, shuke-shuke, Dabbobi, mutane, da sauran halittu masu rai duk suna da nau'ikan rikitarwa na yau da kullun ko na musamman. Saboda haka, wani abu na iya zama iri ɗaya a kan sikelin da ya fi girma, idan aka kwatanta da kasancewa daban-daban a kan karamin sikelin. Wannan an san shi da matsakaicin matsakaici.

Hanyar horo daban-daban sun fahimci *bambancin*, ko kasancewa bambancin, a hanyoyi daban-daban.

#### Bambancin muhalli
Bambance-bambancen mahalli wani nau'i ne na mahalli daban-daban da ke ba da gudummawa ga bambancin nau'in nau'in, kamar yanayi, yanayin yanayi, da murfin ƙasa. Halin halittu yana da alaƙa da bambancin yanayin ƙasa akan sikelin duniya.  Bambance-bambance a cikin siffofi na geodiversity da sauye-sauyen yanayi sune alamomi na bambancin muhalli.  Suna fitar da bambancin halittu a ma'aunin gida da yanki. 

Littattafan kimiyya a cikin ilimin muhalli sun ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na kalmomi daban-daban don bambancin muhalli, sau da yawa ba a bayyana su ba ko kuma sun sabawa ma'anar su.  da  suna da alaƙa da bambancin muhalli.

### Sanyen sunadarai

#### Haɗuwa iri ɗaya da iri ɗaya
 
A cikin ilmin sunadarai, cakuda daban-daban ya ƙunshi ko dai ko duka biyu na 1) jihohi masu yawa na kwayoyin halitta ko 2) abubuwa masu hydrophilic da hydrophobic a cikin cakuda ɗaya; misali na ƙarshe zai zama cakuda ruwa, octane, da Mai na silicone. Za'a iya yin abubuwa masu ƙarfi, ruwa, da iskar gas ta hanyar narkewa, motsawa, ko ta hanyar ba da lokaci don watsawa don rarraba kwayoyin daidai. Misali, ƙara dye zuwa ruwa zai haifar da mafita daban-daban da farko, amma zai zama iri ɗaya a tsawon lokaci. Entropy yana ba da damar abubuwa daban-daban su zama iri ɗaya a tsawon lokaci.

mahaɗin bambance-bambance shine cakuda mahadi biyu ko fiye. Misalan sune: cakuda yashi da ruwa ko yashi da ƙarfe, dutse mai yawa, ruwa da mai, salatin, cakuda hanya, da kankare (ba siminti ba).  Za'a iya ƙaddara cakuda ya zama daidai lokacin da aka daidaita komai kuma daidai, kuma ruwa, gas, abu yana da launi ɗaya ko iri ɗaya. An gabatar da samfuran daban-daban don tsara maida hankali a matakai daban-daban. Abubuwan da za a yi la'akari da su sune yawan taro da martani.

### Ilimin Harshe
A cikin ma'anar ma'ana, homogeneity shine abin da ke nuna "duk" lokacin da aka tabbatar amma "babu" lokacin da ake musantawa. Misali, jumlar Ingilishi "Robin ya karanta littattafan" tana nufin cewa Robin ya karanta dukkan littattafan, yayin da "Robin bai karanta littattafan ba" yana nufin cewa ba ta karanta ko ɗaya daga cikinsu. Ba za a iya tabbatar da jumla ba idan Robin ya karanta daidai rabin littattafan. Wannan matsala ce saboda jumla mara kyau ba ta bayyana a matsayin ƙin yarda da jumla ba. An gabatar da bayani iri-iri ciki har da cewa harshe na halitta yana aiki a kan ma'anar trivalent.

### Fasahar bayanai
Tare da fasahar bayanai, ƙididdiga daban-daban na faruwa a cikin hanyar sadarwa da ta ƙunshi nau'ikan kwamfutoci daban-daban, mai yuwuwa tare da bambance-bambancen girman ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, sarrafa iko har ma da mahimman gine-gine..

### Lissafi da kididdiga
 
A cikin algebra, homogeneous polynomials suna da adadin abubuwa iri ɗaya na wani nau'i.

A cikin naza*R* dangantaka*R* bina*R*, dangantaka mai kama da juna R tana kan saiti ɗa*Y* (R ː *X* × *Y*">*Y*">*X*">X) yayin da dangantaka mai banbanci ta shafi yiwuwar saiti daban-daban (R ̊ X × Y, X = Y ko X ≠ Y). &nbsp;

A cikin ƙididdigar ƙididdiga, Nazarin bambancin shine lokacin da nazarin da yawa akan sakamako ke auna tasirin daban-daban saboda bambance-bambance a cikin yawan batun, shiga tsakani, zaɓin bincike, ƙirar gwaji, da dai sauransu; wannan na iya haifar da matsaloli a ƙoƙarin taƙaita ma'anar karatun.

### Magunguna
A cikin magani da kwayoyin halitta, yanayin kwayar halitta ko nau'ikan nau'ikan kwayoyin halitta shine wanda za'a iya haifar da wannan cuta ko yanayin, ko kuma ya ba da gudummawa, ta hanyar dalilai da yawa, ko a cikin kwayar halitta, ta hanyar bambance-bambance ko nau'o'i daban-daban.

A cikin Binciken ciwon daji, ana zaton bambancin kwayar cutar kansa yana daya daga cikin dalilan da ke sa maganin ciwon daji ya zama da wahala.

### Ilimin lissafi
A cikin kimiyyar lissafi, ana fahimtar "matsayi" yana nufin "kasancewa da kaddarorin jiki waɗanda suka bambanta a cikin matsakaici".

### Ilimin zamantakewa
A cikin ilimin zamantakewa, "matsayi daban-daban" na iya nufin al'umma ko rukuni wanda ya haɗa da mutane na kabilanci daban-daban, al'adun al'adu, jinsi, ko shekaru. Diverse shine ma'anar da aka fi sani a cikin mahallin.

### Muhalli
A cikin ilimin muhalli na wuri, bambancin yana nufin abubuwa daban-daban na tsarin.  Tsarin daban-daban yana tallafawa mafi girman bambancin halittu kuma yana da manufa ga ƙoƙarin sabunta shimfidar wuri da yawa. 

## Dubi kuma

* Cikakken sararin samaniya
* Halitta
* Yaduwar cututtuka
* Binciken sararin samaniya
* Gwajin ƙididdigar ƙididdiga
* Tsarin tsari guda ɗaya

## Manazarta