Canjin yanayi a Taiwan

**Canjin yanayi a [[Taiwan]]** ya haifar da yanayin zafi a Taiwan ya tashi da digiri 1.4 na Celsius a cikin shekaru 100 da suka gabata. Tekun da ke kewaye da Taiwan zai tashi sau biyu fiye da hauhawar matakin teku na duniya. Gwamnati ta yi alkawarin rage hayaki da kashi 20% a cikin 2030 da 50% a cikin 2050, idan aka kwatanta da matakan 2005.

## Rashin iskar gas

In 2020 the annual CO2 emissions were 273.17mt and 11.47t per capita, since 2005 there have been a stabilisation of CO2 emissions with the annual CO2 emissions increasing with 2.52% and the per capita CO2 emissions decreasing with 2.26% between 2005 and 2020. In 2020 the cumulative CO2 emissions were 9.05 billion tonnes, in 2020 Taiwan was responsible for 0.78% of worldwide emissions.  The government of Taiwan has pledged to reduce emissions by 20% in 2030 and 50% in 2050 comparing to 2005 levels. Taichung Power Plant is estimated to have been one of the ten most carbon polluting coal-fired power plants in the world in 2018, at 29.9 million tons of carbon dioxide, and relative emissions are estimated at 1.282&nbsp;kg per kWh.

## Tasirin yanayi

### Yanayin zafi da sauye-sauyen yanayi

 
Dangane da Bayanan Bayanan Canjin Yanayi na Taiwan da Bayani na Daidaitawa (TCCIP) yawan kwanakin da suka yi rikodin sama da digiri 36 na Celsius a cikin filayen Taiwan na iya tafiya daga ƙasa da rana 1 a shekara a cikin 2021 zuwa kwanaki 48.1 a cikin 2100 idan ba a kiyaye hauhawar zafin duniya a ƙarƙashin digiri 1.5 na Celsius ba, idan an kiyaye shi a ƙarƙashin digiri na 1.5 na Celsius za a sami kwanaki 6.6 a cikin shekaru tare da irin wannan yanayin zafi. Hakanan za'a iya tsawaita lokacin rani a ƙarshen ƙarni daga kwanaki 80 zuwa kwanaki 210, hunturu zai zama ɗan gajeren lokaci tare da kwanaki 0 zuwa 50 idan aka kwatanta da kwanaki 70 a cikin 2021. Lokacin rani na 2020 an rubuta shi a matsayin mai zafi mafi zafi a Taiwan.

### Hawan matakin teku
A cikin wani rahoto da Greenpeace Taiwan ta buga a watan Agustan 2020, an ruwaito cewa teku da ke kewaye da Taiwan tana tashi sau biyu fiye da hauhawar matakin teku na duniya. Sun ce kananan hukumomi 6 suna cikin haɗarin hauhawar matakin teku da guguwar guguwa wanda ke da kashi 70% na yawan jama'a. Wuraren kamar Ginin Ofishin Shugaban kasa a Taipei, Filin jirgin saman Songshan, sassan Kaohsiung za su cika da ambaliyar ruwa kuma Tainan za ta ga babbar lalacewa saboda ambaliyar.

### Tsarin halittu

Coral reefs a Taiwan sun fuskanci furewa tare da 2020 fuskantar mafi munin furewa a cikin shekaru 22. Kashi 31% na coral reefs a kusa da Taiwan suna mutuwa saboda yanayin zafi a cikin ruwan teku. 52% na murjani suna fuskantar matakai daban-daban na damuwa kuma 31% suna mutuwa a cikin tsari marar juyawa.

### Ma'adanai na ruwa
An sanar da karancin tafkunan ruwa a cikin 2020 wanda ya haifar da guguwa da ba ta sauka a Taiwan ko kusa da Taiwan wannan shine shekara ta farko a cikin sama da shekaru 50 da Taiwan ba ta ga guguwa ba. Typhoons yawanci za su sauka sau uku zuwa hudu a shekara amma tun daga shekara ta 2010 matsakaicin ya kasance 2.5 typhoons a shekara. 2020 ta fuskanci fari mafi muni a cikin sama da shekaru 50 yayin da ruwan sama ya ragu da kashi 20% zuwa 60% .

Arewacin Taiwan na iya fuskantar fari mai yawa tsakanin 2040 da 2060, wanda zai iya yin tasiri a kan amfani da ruwa don jama'a da amfani da ruwa ga noma. A ƙarshen ƙarni guguwa da ke sauka a Taiwan za su ragu tsakanin 44% da 54% idan aka kwatanta da guguwa waɗanda suka sauka tsakanin 1974 da 2015. Wanda zai haifar da iskõki masu ƙarfi da kashi 4% zuwa 8% da kuma ruwan sama da yawa a lokacin guguwa tare da 30% zuwa 40%, ruwan sama a kowace shekara zai sauka da kashi 40% zuwa 60%.

## Ragewa da daidaitawa

### Manufofin da dokoki
Gwamnatin Taiwan ta yi alkawarin kara amfani da makamashi mai sabuntawa zuwa 20% nan da shekara ta 2025. Gwamnati ta yi alkawarin rage hayaki da kashi 20% a cikin 2030 da 50% a cikin 2050, idan aka kwatanta da matakan 2005, wanda aka sanya hannu ta hanyar Dokar Rage Gas da Gudanarwa ta Taiwan ta 2015. Wannan ba zai isa ya kiyaye yanayin zafi na duniya tsakanin 1.5 da 2 digiri Celsius ba, a cewar RSPRC. Gwamnatin Taiwan ta saka hannun jari a masana'antar turbine na iska, Taiwan tana da kasuwar iska ta 8 mafi girma a duniya a cikin 2019. 

#### Farashin carbon
Taiwan a halin yanzu ba ta da wani nau'in harajin carbon. A shekara ta 2, Cibiyar Chung-Hua don Binciken Tattalin Arziki (CIER), wacce gwamnati ta ba da umarni don ba da shawara kan shirin ta na sake fasalin harajin kasar, ta ba da shawarar harajin NT $  (US $ 61.8, £ 37.6) a kowace tan na hayakin CO2.  A sakamakon haka, mataimakin ministan kudi Chang Sheng-ho ya ba da sanarwar wani shiri na harajin carbon a farkon shekara ta 2011,  tare da kudaden shiga da ke tallafawa iyalai masu karamin karfi da sufuri na jama'a.  Koyaya, Firayim Minista Wu Den-yih ya yi adawa da aiwatar da harajin, yana jayayya cewa zai kara wahalar jama'a a lokacin koma bayan tattalin arziki. Ba a taɓa aiwatar da harajin carbon ba.

Sabanin harajin carbon da aka saba amfani da shi, Dokar Canjin Yanayi ta Taiwan ta ba da shawarar aiwatar da kuɗin carbon. Wannan zai buƙaci kamfanonin cikin gida da ke fitar da fiye da tan 25,000 na carbon a kowace shekara don biyan kuɗi. Kudin carbon zai fara aiki daga 2024 ko 2025 kuma zai fara da manyan masu fitarwa, yayin da za a kara wasu kungiyoyin masu fitar da carbon daga baya bayan an zartar da dokar farko.

## Al'umma da al'adu

### Ra'ayi na jama'a
Dangane da binciken da RSPRC ta gudanar a watan Afrilu na 2020, kashi 85% na Taiwanese sun ce sun fuskanci tasirin canjin yanayi a wasu matakan. Binciken ya kuma gano cewa hanzarta sauye-sauyen makamashi da raguwar carbon an sanya shi a matsayi na uku tare da 38.7% lokacin da abin da gwamnati ta tambayi ya kamata ya zama fifiko na dogon lokaci. Akwai goyon bayan jam'iyyun biyu a karkashin magoya bayan sansanin Pan-Blue (76.2%) da sansanin Pan'Green (84%) don ingantaccen canjin makamashi. Kashi 78.5% na masu amsa sun goyi bayan burin gwamnatoci na shekarar 2025 don samun kashi 20% na makamashi mai sabuntawa a shekarar 2025. Masu amsawa sun ba da 3.83 daga cikin maki 7 game da yadda sauye-sauyen makamashi yake, sun ba da 2.74 daga cikin maki 7. yadda aka tsara sauye-shiryen makamasheya kuma sun ba da 4.32 daga cikin maki 6 game da yadda gwamnati ta yi aiki da gaggawa. Jimillar 44.7% suna goyon bayan kawar da man fetur, 43.7% sun yi adawa da fitar da man fetir. Masana kimiyya da masana sun kasance mafi aminci lokacin da suke magana game da bayanan makamashi (59.3%), kungiyoyin muhalli sun zo na biyu (37.6%). Kashi 59.8% na masu amsa sun ce ya kamata a buƙaci kamfanoni su kasance da wajibai tare da sauyawar makamashi idan sun sami ƙarfafawa daga gwamnati don taimaka musu ta hanyar COVID-19, kashi 77.2% na masu amsa suna son su yi haka ga kamfanonin jiragen sama.

## Manazarta