Ellen Terry

**Dame Alice Ellen Terry** (27 Fabrairu 1847  - 21 Yuli 1928) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Ingila ta ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 da farkon ƙarni na 20.

An haife ta a cikin dangin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, Terry ta fara yin wasan kwaikwayo tun tana yarinya, tana yin wasan kwaikwayo a wasan kwaikwayo na Shakespeare a London, kuma ta zagaya lardunan Burtaniya a lokacin da take matashiya. A shekara 16, ta auri mai zane mai shekaru 46 mai suna George Frederic Watts, amma sun rabu cikin shekara guda. Ba da daɗewa ba ta koma mataki amma ta fara dangantaka da masanin gine-gine Edward William Godwin kuma ta yi ritaya daga mataki na tsawon shekaru shida. Ta ci gaba da yin wasan kwaikwayo a shekara ta 1874 kuma nan da nan aka yaba da ita saboda rawar da ta taka a Shakespeare da sauran litattafai.

A shekara ta 1878 ta shiga kamfanin Henry Irving a matsayin uwargidansa, kuma fiye da shekaru ashirin da suka biyo baya an dauke ta a matsayin babbar 'yar wasan Shakespeare a Burtaniya. Biyu daga cikin shahararrun matsayinta sune Portia a cikin The Merchant of Venice da Beatrice a cikin Much Ado About Nothing . Ita da Irving sun kuma yi tafiya tare da babban nasara a Amurka da Burtaniya.

A kan shawarar George Bernard Shaw, Terry ya karɓi kulawar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na London a cikin 1903, yana buɗe sabon wasan da Henrik Ibsen ya yi. Kasuwancin ya gaza kudi, kuma Terry ya juya yawon shakatawa. Ta ci gaba da samun nasara a kan mataki har zuwa 1920 da nasara ta musamman a cikin yawon shakatawa na tattaunawar jarumai na Shakespeare. Ta kuma fito a fina-finai da yawa daga 1916 zuwa 1922. Ayyukanta sun kai kusan shekaru ashirin.

## Rayuwa ta farko da aiki
An haifi Terry a Coventry, Ingila, yaro na uku da aka haifa a cikin dangin wasan kwaikwayo. Iyayenta, Benjamin (1818-1896), na zuriyar Irish, da Sarah (née Ballard; 1819-1892), na kakannin Scotland, abokai ne tun suna yara kuma sun fara ne a matsayin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a wani kamfani na Portsmouth, inda mahaifin Sarah ya kasance babban lauya. [n 1] Ta yi amfani da sunan mataki "Miss Yerrett",  Su biyun sun yi rayuwa mara kyau a kamfanonin yawon shakatawa a farkon shekarunsu.  Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya goma sha ɗaya, biyu daga cikinsu sun mutu tun suna jarirai. An yi musu baftisma Kate da Ellen bayan kakanninsu na uba da na uwa; an sake amfani da waɗannan sunayen ga 'ya'yansu mata biyu na gaba. Akalla biyar daga cikin tara da suka tsira sun zama 'yan wasan kwaikwayo: Kate (an haife ta a shekara ta 1844), Ellen, Marion, Florence, da Fred. Ɗan fari, Benjamin (an haife shi a shekara ta 1839), ya shiga kasuwanci kuma ya yi hijira zuwa Ostiraliya sannan Indiya, kuma Tom (an haifi shi a shekara de 1860), mai yawo, ya zauna a gefen aikata laifuka da talauci, iyayensa da 'yan uwansa suna taimakawa koyaushe. Sauran yara biyu, George da Charles, suna da alaƙa da gudanar da gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Kate ita ce kakar Val da John Gielgud.

Benjamin ya horar da 'ya'yansa a cikin kyakkyawan mataki. Terry daga baya ya tuna cewa "ko da yaushe yana gyara ni idan na furta kowane kalma a cikin salon slipshod, kuma idan yanzu ina magana da yaren na da kyau ba ƙaramin mataki ba ne saboda horo na farko. "  Kate ta fara yin wasan kwaikwayo tun tana da shekaru 3; a shekara ta 1851 ta sami isasshen sanarwa a lardunan Burtaniya cewa an gayyace ta zuwa sauraro ga Charles Kean na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Princess na London, wanda ya shiga ta, sannan mahaifinta, a cikin kamfaninsa. Iyalin sun koma London, kuma Sarah ta yi aiki a sashen tufafin gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Kean kuma musamman matarsa, Ellen Kean, sun kasance manyan malamai da kuma samfurin ga matasa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo. Ellen Terry ta fara fitowa a mataki na farko tana da shekaru tara, a matsayin Mamillius a cikin Shakespeare's The Winter's Tale a 1856 tare da 'yar'uwarta da mahaifinta a cikin ƙananan matsayi. Ta kuma taka rawar Puck a cikin A Midsummer Night's Dream (1856, tare da Kate a matsayin Titania), Yarima Arthur a cikin King John (1858), da Fleance a cikin Macbeth (1859), ci gaba a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Princess har sai da Keans suka yi ritaya a 1859. Yayinda suke a gidan sarauniya, Keans sun gabatar da 'yan mata ga ƙungiyar masu zane-zane da masu wasan kwaikwayo, ciki har da Charles Reade da Tom Taylor .  A lokacin rufe gidan wasan kwaikwayo na lokacin rani wanda ya fara a shekara ta 1856, mahaifin Terry ya gabatar da farces a Portsmouth, tare da Terry da Kate; Terry yana son yin wasa da yara maza masu mummunar hali a kan mataki, yana faranta wa masu sauraron lardin rai. A lokacin rani na shekara ta 1859, Benjamin Terry ya gabatar da nishaɗin ɗakin zane wanda ke nuna 'ya'yansa mata a cikin ɗakin kide-kide na Royal Colosseum, Regent's Park, London, sannan kuma a kan yawon shakatawa. Har ila yau, a cikin 1859, Terry ya bayyana a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Tom Taylor Nine Points of the Law a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na London. Daga nan sai ta yi wasa a wasan kwaikwayo a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Royalty, wanda Madame Albina de Rhona ke gudanarwa, yayin da Kate ta fito a kamfanin Mr da Mrs Alfred Wigan a gidan wasan kwaikwayon St James.

A shekara ta 1862, Terry ta shiga Kate a kamfanin J. H. Chute a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Royal a Bristol, kamfani mai karfi wanda ya hada da Marie Wilton da Madge Robertson, inda ta taka sassa iri-iri, gami da rawar burlesque da ke buƙatar raira waƙa da rawa, da kuma Nerissa a cikin The Merchant of Venice da Hero a Much Ado About Nothing . [1] A cikin 1863, Chute ya buɗe Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Royal, Bath, inda Terry mai shekaru 15 ya bayyana a matsayin Titania a cikin A Midsummer Night's Dream . Daga nan ne iyalin suka koma London inda Kate ta yi fice a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Lyceum, yayin da Ellen ta shiga kamfanin J. B. Buckstone a gidan wasan kwaikwayon Haymarket a matsayin Shakespeare da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na Sheridan da wasan kwaikwayo na zamani. Rashin balaga, duk da haka, ya haifar da irin wannan mummunar kwarewa a gare ta a can, cewa ta zama mai ban sha'awa da gidan wasan kwaikwayo.[2][3]