open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Kabarin Evergreen (Santa Cruz, California)

Kabari na Evergreen wani kabari ne na jama'a wanda ke kan titin Evergreen a Santa Cruz, California kuma an kafa shi a cikin shekarun 1850.  Tun daga shekara ta 2008, Kabari na Evergreen yana ƙarƙashin kulawar Gidan Tarihi da Tarihi na Santa Cruz (MAH). 

## Game dashi
An gina Kabari na Evergreen a kan kadada 8 na ƙasa, kuma yana da shinge na ƙarfe a kusa da wasu wuraren kabarin iyali. Tana kusa da Harvey West Park .

An raba makabartar zuwa sassan biyar ciki har da Babban Sojojin Jamhuriyar; Freemasons; babban sashi; "ƙarin kore" da aka kara a cikin shekarun 1940; da kuma sashin Sinanci (saboda ra'ayi na adawa da Sinanci, wanda ya haifar da Dokar Rarraba Sinanci ta 1882).  Sashe na kasar Sin na makabartar ya ba da izini ga jana'izar gargajiya ta kasar Sin da ke nuna wuta, processions da kuma wurin dafa abinci na kasar Sin. Gidan Tarihi da Tarihi na Santa Cruz ya kula da gina ƙofar kasar Sin a cikin 2014, don girmama waɗanda aka binne. Babban Sojojin Jamhuriyar, an kirkireshi ne ta hanyar ƙungiyar 'yan uwa na tsoffin mayakan Yaƙin basasar Amurka waɗanda ke girmama waɗanda suka yi yaƙi don kawo ƙarshen bautar kuma suka goyi bayan Tarayyar.

An ce wannan makabartar tana da haunted.

## Tarihi
Yankin makabartar Evergreen kyauta ce daga dangin Imus.[1] Wani jana'izar farko a wannan makabartar jariri ne mai suna Julia Arcan, wanda ya mutu a Death Valley a cikin 1850. [2] Wasu sun ce jana'izar farko ta kasance a 1858, lokacin da Harry Speel ya fadi daga dutse a abin da ake kira Cowell Beach yanzu. [1][3]￼

A shekara ta 1955, ambaliyar Kirsimeti ta faru kuma ta bar makabarta a cikin mummunan yanayi, kuma a tsawon lokaci makabarta ta cika da tsire-tsire da kuma kaburbura da aka rushe. A shekara ta 1973, Renie Leaman ta jagoranci ƙoƙari don maido da makabartar.

## Abubuwan da aka sani da binnewa

* Isaac Graham (1800-1863), ɗan kasuwa na fata, Mutumin dutse, kuma mai ba da ƙasa
* Frank Lucien Heath (1857-1921), mai zane, kuma malami 
* Lillian Dake Heath (1864-1961), mai zane, kuma malami 
* Lucien Heath (1819-1888), manomi, ɗan kasuwa, kuma ɗan siyasa daga Oregon 
* Hiram A. Imus Jr. (1804-1875), ɗan siyasa, memba na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar California 
* W. D. Storey (1830-1914), ɗan asalin Ingila ne, lauya, kuma lauyan gundumar 
* Arthur A. Taylor (1849-1923) mai wallafa jarida kuma edita, ya buga jaridar *Santa Cruz Surf* 

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin makabarta a California
* Kabari na majagaba

## Manazarta
Jerin shugabannin Amurka

shugaban Amurka shine shugaban kasa da kuma shugaban gwamnati na Amurka, wanda aka zaba a kaikaice zuwa wa'adin shekaru hudu ta hanyar Kwalejin Zabe. A karkashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka, mai rike da mukamin yana jagorantar reshen zartarwa na Gwamnatin tarayya kuma shine Babban kwamandan Sojojin Amurka.

Shugaban farko, George Washington, ya lashe kuri'un da ba a yarda da su ba na Kwalejin Zaɓe. Shugaban da ke kan mulki shine Donald Trump, wanda ya hau mulki a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 2025. Tun lokacin da aka kafa ofishin a 1789, maza 45 sun yi aiki a mukamai 47. Sabanin ya faru ne saboda wa'adin da ba a jere ba na Grover Cleveland (wanda aka ƙidaya a matsayin shugaban ƙasa na 22 da 24) da Trump (wanda aka ƙidaya a matsayin shugaban ƙasa na 45 da 47). 

Shugabancin William Henry Harrison, wanda ya mutu kwanaki 31 bayan ya hau mulki a 1841, shine mafi ƙanƙanta a tarihin Amurka. Franklin D. Roosevelt ya yi aiki mafi tsawo, sama da shekaru goma sha biyu, kafin ya mutu a farkon wa'adinsa na huɗu a shekarar 1945. Shi ne kawai shugaban Amurka wanda ya yi aiki fiye da wa'adi biyu.[10 Tun lokacin da aka tabbatar da Kwaskwarimar Kashi na ashirin da biyu ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka a 1951, babu wanda za a iya zabarsa a matsayin shugaban kasa fiye da sau biyu, kuma babu wanda ya yi aiki fiye da shekaru biyu na wa'adin da aka zaba wani zai iya zabar fiye da sau ɗaya.

## Shugabannin

## Dubi kuma

* Wakilin Shugaban Amurka
* Iyaye masu kafa Amurka
* Matsayi na tarihi na shugabannin Amurka
* Jerin mataimakan shugaban Amurka
* Shugaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya

## Manazarta
Gidan Tarihi da 'yan sanda

**Gidan Tarihi na Shari'a da 'Yan Sanda** tsohon ofishin 'yan sanda na ruwa ne, ofisoshi da kotuna, kuma yanzu gidan tarihi na shari'a da 'yan sanda yana lamba 4-8 Phillip Street a kusurwar titin Albert, a yankin kasuwanci na tsakiyar Sydney a yankin gwamnatin birnin Sydney na New South Wales, Ostiraliya. Edmund Blacket, Alexander Dawson da James Barnet ne suka tsara shi kuma aka gina shi daga 1854 zuwa 1886. Ana kuma kiransa da **Kotunan 'Yan Sanda da Kotun Shari'a (tsohon)** da **Kotun Kula da Motoci.** Ma'aikatar Shari'a ce ke da kadarar.

## Tarihi

### Kafin 1856
A shekara ta 1851, Gwamna Janar ya amince da shirin Mai Zane-zanen Mulkin Mallaka na sabon Ofishin 'Yan Sandan Ruwa. Zuwa watan Nuwamba an zaɓi wurin. A shekara ta 1853, an fara aikin haƙa dutse mai yashi a Bennelong Point don Ofishin 'Yan Sandan Ruwa, amma aikin ya jinkirta saboda tsadar farashi da ƙarancin ma'aikata sakamakon kwararar zinare. An ware kuɗi har £  a shekara ta 1854 don gina Ofishin 'Yan Sandan Ruwa a kan titin Phillip da ke kudu da Ofishin 'Yan Sandan Ruwa. 

An kammala sabon Ofishin 'Yan Sanda na Ruwa a gefen gabas na Circular Quay. Ginin, wanda Edmund Blacket ya tsara, ya ƙunshi babban kotu da ofisoshi huɗu da ke makwabtaka da shi.  A watan Afrilu, Alkalin 'Yan Sandan Ruwa, Hutchinson Hothersal Brown, da ma'aikatan kotu sun mamaye gine-ginen, waɗanda suka haɗa da Magatakarda na Ƙananan Zama da magatakarda na biyu. Shari'o'in da aka saurara a kotu sun shafi aikin Dokar Dokokin Harbour da Dokar Kafa 'Yan Sandan Ruwa. A watan Mayu, an ba da izini ga Allon Jirgin Sama da Jirgin Sama su mallaki ɗaki ɗaya.

'Yan sandan Ruwa sun ƙaura daga Cadman's Wharf zuwa Ofishin 'Yan sandan Ruwa da ke titin Phillip a kudu da Ofishin 'Yan sandan Ruwa. Mai Zane-zanen Colonial Alexander Dawson ne ya tsara shi kuma ginin ya fara a shekarar 1857. Ginin ya ƙunshi bene na ƙasa tare da Ɗakin Caji, ofisoshi da ke maƙwabtaka da shi, ɗakunan ajiya a baya, kicin, ɗakin shago da filin motsa jiki. A sama akwai wani bariki wanda ke ba da masauki ga 'yan sandan ruwa huɗu da iyalansu. Hakanan yana ɗauke da kicin da gidan wanka.[1] Tsarin ofishin 'yan sanda na asali ya dogara ne akan tashoshi a Darlinghurst, Newtown da Balmain. An yi nufin ginin ya ɗauki ɗakunan ajiya shida da mai tsaron gida. Duk da haka, saboda ƙarancin kuɗi da jinkiri da ƙarancin ma'aikata suka haifar a lokacin Gold Rush, an kammala tashar a matsayin ƙaramin gini mai hawa biyu.[1]

An kammala kotun ta biyu, wadda Mai Zane-zanen Mulkin Mallaka James Barnet ya tsara, a wannan lokacin. Ta ƙunshi ɗakin kotu da Ofisoshin Majistare guda biyu a baya. Duk da cewa tana aiki a matsayin Kotun Sake Shari'a don sauraron ƙararrakin ƙananan laifuka, Kotun Blacket ta zama Kotun Caji. Wannan lokacin ya shaida ƙaruwar ayyukan 'yan sanda da na kotu. Gine-ginen sun shafi sauye-sauye da ƙari da dama da suka faru sakamakon canje-canje ga yanayin kotuna da kasuwancin da suka jawo hankalin mutane.

## Manazarta
Edward Wyllie

**Edward Arthur Sanders Wyllie** (28 Janairu 1848  - 6 Maris 1911) ya kasance matsakaici ne na Burtaniya kuma mai daukar hoto na ruhu. 

An haifi Wyllie a Calcutta, Indiya ta Burtaniya, a matsayin dan Birtaniya, kuma ya koma Ingila a matsayin ƙaramin yaro. Ya koma California a 1886 don yin aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin matsakaici da mai daukar hoto na ruhu. An fallasa hotunan ruhunsa a matsayin zamba. An sami mummunan hotuna na ruhu da aka riga aka yi a gidansa kuma an gano cewa Wyllie ya yi amfani da hanyar "ƙananan zane-zane na ruhu da ake aiwatar da su a cikin fenti mai haske da kuma matse su zuwa farantin hoto" wanda ya furta.

Ya mutu a Landan a shekarar 1911. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Manazarta
Simon Eagle

**Simon Eagle** (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1958) ɗan kasuwa ne na Ingila wanda ya sami tarar £ 2.8m saboda cin zarafin kasuwa.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Eagle a Landan inda yake 1 cikin yara 5. Ya girma a Arewacin London kuma ya zauna a can har zuwa shekaru 10 sannan ya koma Essex, amma yanzu yana zaune a Hertfordshire.

Eagle ya ji daɗin daukar hoto, don haka ya yi la'akari da wannan a matsayin hanyar aiki amma a maimakon haka ya shafe shekaru uku a matsayin mai koyar da kankara. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 22, ya yanke shawarar sake canza aikinsa kuma ya koma birni don ya zama dillalin kayayyaki. Daga bisani ya zama dillalin musayar kasashen waje, sannan ya shiga kasuwancin jinginar kafin ya zama mai farautar kai na tsawon shekaru bakwai. Daga nan sai ya shiga cikin gudanar da kudade sannan a ƙarshe ya sami dillalai na hannun jari SP Bell.

## Cin zarafi a kasuwa
A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2010, Hukumar Kula da Harkokin Kudi ta ci tarar Eagle £ 2.8m - mafi girma ga mutum - saboda cin zarafin kasuwa da gangan kuma ta hana shi aiki a ayyukan kudi. FSA ta ce Eagle yana da alhakin wani tsari mai rikitarwa da tsawo wanda aka shirya da gangan don haɓaka farashin hannun jari na Fundamental-E Investments (FEI) don amfanin kansa.

## Ayyukan sadaka
Eagle kwanan nan ya kafa sabon aikin agaji da ake kira Escape C22 wanda shine don taimakawa marasa gida. Tushen sadaka shine ba wa marasa gida damar rayuwa da aiki a gonar karkara. Wannan zai ba su adireshin dindindin, ta hanyar da za su iya samun kwarewar aiki, karɓar shawarwarin aiki da nassoshi da ke ba su damar neman aiki a nan gaba kuma su fara sake gina rayuwarsu. Za a ba su damar shuka abincin su, samun shawara da kuma farfado da zamantakewa. Taken shine tserewa daga "kama 22" na halin da suke ciki. Za a yi amfani da kuɗin da aka tara don hayar gona, sayen ƙananan bas don karɓar marasa gida kuma su kai su sabon gidansu (gona) inda za su fara wannan sabon damar. Kungiyar agaji za ta nemi aiki tare da masu sayar da abinci, bankunan abinci da ke akwai da duk wani tushen taimako da kulawa wanda zai iya taimakawa wajen ba da taimako da ake buƙata ga wannan agaji. Taron ya kasance nasara kuma ya tara jimlar £ 40.

## manazarta
David Thursfield

**David William Thursfield** (an haife shi 10 ga Oktoba 1945)   ɗan kasuwa ne a Burtaniya, kuma tsohon shugaban zartarwa a ma aikatar Ford; an kuma ɗaure shi a gidan kurkuku.

## Rayuwa ta farko
Ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Aston,  ya kammala karatu a fannin Injiniya a shekarar 1965. Shekaru uku bayan haka ya sami digiri na BSc a fannin ilimin halayyar masana'antu a shekarar 1968.

## Ayyuka

### Ford
Ya koma Ford Australia a 1979  a matsayin manajan masana'antu. Daga 1984 zuwa 1992 ya koma Turai, inda ya kasance shugaban masana'antu na masana'antun Turai. Ya kasance darektan Ayyukan Jiki da Taron na Ford Turai. A cikin 1994 ya gabatar da tsarin amsawa mai sauri da ake kira Lean Production da Lean Distribution System, inda mai sayen mota zai iya samun mota da aka ba da umarni a cikin kwanaki 15. A Ford ya yi aiki tare da Bob Transou da Rolf Zimmerman . 

A shekara ta 1996 ya koma Amurka, ya zama shugaban masana'antu ga tsire-tsire a Ostiraliya da Amurka. Ya kula da Halewood ya zama shuka na Jaguar, don yin X400, lokacin da yake Cologne, a Jamus.

A Ford an ba shi lakabi da *[[Darth Vader]]*, saboda sunansa na rage farashin, da kuma halin da yake da shi ba tare da fursunoni ba. A Ford ya sami £ 1.2m a shekara. Ya kula da ƙarshen samar da mota ta Ford a Burtaniya, lokacin da samar da Ford Fiesta ya ƙare a farkon 2002. Daga 2000 zuwa 2004 ya kasance Shugaban Ford a Turai, kuma ya zama shugaban zartarwa.

A watan Yunin 2000, Ford Focus ya zama mota mafi mashahuri a duniya, yana sayar da 228,000 a cikin watanni uku, ana yin sa a Saarlouis Body & Assembly, wanda ya yi motoci miliyan daya a cikin shekaru biyu tun Oktoba 1998, tare da 150,000 zuwa Burtaniya. An yi Mondeos miliyan biyu da rabi a Genk Body & Assembly tun Maris 1993, tare da 750,000 zuwa Burtaniya.

A shekara ta 2001 ya zama shugaban ayyukan duniya na Ford.

Ya yi ritaya daga Ford a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2004. 

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Ya auri matarsa ta biyu Linda na tsawon shekaru 27, likitan hakora, yana da 'yar, ya sake aure a ranar 16 ga Afrilu 2005. Ya auri Rachel, matarsa ta uku a shekara ta 2005.

### Hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku
Lokacin da yake da shekaru 67, an yanke masa hukuncin shekaru biyu ba tare da ya shiga kurkuku ba a watan Nuwamba na 2012 saboda ɓoye kuɗin sa daga matarsa ta biyu mai shekaru 61 a cikin shari'ar Thursfield v Thursfield (2012). An gudanar da shari'ar a Babban Kotun Shari'a (EWHC).

## manazarta
Manse, Dutsen Druitt

**Gidan Manse** tsohon gidan tarihi ne da aka lissafa a matsayin gidan tarihi, kuma yanzu haka gidan kayan tarihi na al'umma ne a lamba 23 The Avenue, Mount Druitt, Sydney, New South Wales, Ostiraliya. Wataƙila sanannen ɗan yankin ne, John Harris, ya gina shi. Ana kuma kiransa Methodist Manse. Gidan mallakar Majalisar Birnin Blacktown ne. An ƙara shi cikin Rijistar Gado ta Jihar New South Wales a ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 1999. 

## Tarihi
Yankin Dutsen Druitt ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin mulkin mallaka na farko na New South Wales. Yana ɗaya daga cikin yankuna uku tare da Prospect da Colyton, waɗanda suka yi taruka kimanin  yamma da matsugunin Sydney Cove a Port Jackson. 

A shekara ta 1821, Gwamna Macquarie ya ba Manjo George Druitt (1775-1842) fili mai fadin eka 1000, jami'in rundunar sojoji ta 48, alkalin alkalai kuma babban injiniyan hanyoyi da gine-gine a lokacin mulkin Macquarie (1810-21). Druitt ya zama sananne a rayuwar mulkin mallaka. Macquarie ya naɗa shi injiniyan mulkin mallaka kuma mai duba ayyukan jama'a, kuma ya kula da gina gine-ginen gine-ginen Francis Greenway da yawa.  

Wannan asalin gidan "Mount Druitt" an yi shi ne a kudu da Babban Titin Yamma (wanda yanzu shine Babban Babbar Hanya ta Yamma) wanda ya fara daga Gadar Ropes Creek sannan a gabas da layin da ke kaiwa yamma zuwa Ropes Creek sannan kuma rafin da kansa ya yi iyaka da yamma. 

Ƙasar da Manse ke zaune a kai a yau, asali wani ɓangare ne na ƙasar da aka bai wa Major Druitt a watan Nuwamba na 1837. Tsakanin 1837 da 1881 ƙasar ta sami sauye-sauye na mallakarta akai-akai. 

A watan Maris na shekarar 1881, wani wakilin gidaje na Strathfield, George Kennedy King, ya sayi manyan sassa biyu na filaye waɗanda suka zama wani ɓangare na asalin filaye na Mt Druitt. Waɗannan sassa biyu sun ƙunshi jimillar faɗin eka 310 kuma an ƙirƙira su ta hanyar yankin Lees na 1855. Bayan siyan ƙasar, King ya ɗauki masu binciken ƙasa na Sydney, Dawson da Stephen, don sauƙaƙe wasu manyan sassa biyu na ƙasar. Rarraba ta farko mai girman eka 200 tana kudu da layin jirgin ƙasa kuma an tallata ta a matsayin "rarraba Garfield" - wannan rarraba ta haɗa da ƙasar da aka gina Manse daga baya.[1] [2]

## Manazarta
Sturt & Associates, 2009, 17, modified by Stuart Read, 6/1/2010
Madam Tussauds Sydney

**Madame Tussauds Sydney** gidan tarihi ne na kakin zuma da ke Darling Harbour a Sydney, Ostiraliya kuma yana kan Tekun Aquarium. Madame Tussauds wani ɓangare ne na Merlin Entertainments wanda ke da kuma kula da wuraren shakatawa a duk duniya.

## Tarihi
An buɗe Madame Tussauds Sydney a watan Afrilun 2012 kuma ita ce ta goma sha uku da Madame Tussauds ta buɗe a duniya. Wannan jan hankali shi ne kawai irinsa a Ostiraliya.

## Nunin
Madame Tussauds Sydney tana da nau'ikan abubuwan da suka shafi hulɗa a cikin wurin shakatawa. Abubuwan da suka faru sun haɗa da:

A shekarar 2015, Madame Tussauds Sydney ta ƙaddamar da nau'ikan kakin Madonna guda uku a lokaci guda, wanda hakan ya zama karo na farko da suka bayyana adadin mace ɗaya da ta yi fice a tarihinsu.[1]

## Manazarta
Gidan kayan gargajiya na Macleay

**Gidan Tarihi na Macleay** da ke Jami'ar Sydney, gidan tarihi ne na tarihin halitta wanda ke kan harabar Jami'ar ta Camperdown, a Sydney, New South Wales, Ostiraliya. An rushe gidan tarihi a shekarar 2016 kuma bayan buɗe Gidan Tarihi na Chau Chak Wing a shekarar 2020, an haɗa tarin kayan tarihin a ciki. 

An ƙara Gidan Tarihi na Macleay cikin jerin kayan tarihi na gwamnatin birnin Sydney a ranar 14 ga Disamba, 2012.  

## Tarihi
An gina ginin Macleay inda gidan tarihin yake a gefen Science Lane a cikin harabar Camperdown a shekarar 1887. Tarin kayan ya dogara ne akan ƙoƙarin da iyalan Macleay suka yi da kuma mallakar su, ɗaya daga cikin fitattun iyalai a Sydney da suka haɗa da Alexander Macleay, William Sharp Macleay da William John Macleay. Masanin dabbobi kuma mai tattara kayan tarihi George Masters ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da dabbobin har zuwa 1912. 

## Tarin
Ƙarfin tarin, wanda yanzu wani ɓangare ne na Gidajen Tarihi na Jami'ar Sydney, ya kasance a cikin ilimin halittar dabbobi, ilimin ƙabilanci, kayan aikin kimiyya, da hotunan tarihi. Yawancin samfuran halittu a cikin tarin sun wakilci nau'ikan halittu marasa galihu ko waɗanda suka ɓace, yayin da wasu daga cikin samfuran suna da darajar tarihi da al'adu [1] kamar yadda masu bincike kamar Charles Darwin da Nicholas Miklouho-Maclay suka tattara su.

An keɓe wurin nunin George Masters na gidan tarihi don nunin faifai na ɗan lokaci. Gabaɗaya, gidan tarihi yana ɗauke da ɗaya daga cikin mahimman tarin tarihin halitta da tarihin al'adu a Ostiraliya. a Sydney ne kawai Gidan Tarihi na Australiya ya zarce shi.

## Hotunan Hotuna

Fayil:Macleay_Museum_Interior.jpg|alt=Inside the Macleay Museum| A cikin Gidan Tarihi na Macleay
Fayil:Macleay_Museum_Exhibit_1.jpg
Fayil:Macleay_Museum_Exhibit_2.jpg


## Manazarta
Nicholson Museum

**Gidan Tarihi na Nicholson** gidan tarihi ne na kayan tarihi a Jami'ar Sydney wanda ke da tarin Nicholson, mafi girman tarin kayan tarihi a Ostiraliya da Kudancin Hemisphere. An kafa tarin a shekarar 1860, ya mamaye duniyar da ta gabata tare da wuraren tattarawa na farko, ciki har da tsohuwar Masar, Girka, Italiya, Cyprus, da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Gidan Tarihi ya rufe har abada a watan Fabrairun 2020, kuma yanzu tarin Nicholson yana cikin Gidan Tarihi na Chau Chak Wing a Jami'ar Sydney, wanda aka buɗe daga Nuwamba 2020. Gidan Tarihi yana cikin babban kusurwar Jami'ar.

## Gabatarwa

An sanya wa Gidan Tarihi na Nicholson suna ne bayan wanda ya kafa shi, Sir Charles Nicholson. A shekarar 1856-57, Nicholson ya yi tafiya a ko'ina cikin Masar sannan ya yi tafiya a Italiya inda ya sami dubu ɗaya ko makamancin haka, galibi tsoffin Masar, Girka, Italiya ta Kudu da kuma kayayyakin tarihi na Etruscan.  Waɗannan ya ba da gudummawa ga Jami'ar a shekarar 1860. Tarin kayan tarihi ya ƙaru sosai tun bayan wannan gudummawar da aka kafa. Taimakon mutum ɗaya, gudummawa, ayyukan tarihi da aka ɗauka da kuma mallakar kayan tarihi duk sun ba da gudummawa ga wadatar kayan tarihi a cikin Tarin Nicholson.

Gidan tarihin yana da cakuda wuraren baje kolin dindindin da na wucin gadi a cikin gidan tarihinsa. Nunin dindindin ko na ci gaba sun haɗa da: Masarawa, Alloli da Mummies: Tafiya tare da Herodotus, Tsibirin Aphrodite: Masana kayan tarihi na Australiya a Cyprus; The Etruscans: Fantasy na Gargajiya; Kaburbura, Gaisuwa da Haikali: Haƙa Gabas ta Tsakiya da kuma nunin kayan tarihi na dindindin daga duniyar Girka da Italiya ta Gargajiya. Nunin wucin gadi sun haɗa da: LEGO Pompeii, wanda ke nuna babban samfurin wurin Pompeii a LEGO da Abubuwa 50, Labarai 50 - wanda aka mayar da shi Gidan Tarihin Chau Chak Wing bayan rufe Nicholson.[1]

Gidan Tarihi na Nicholson, tare da sauran cibiyoyi, Gidan Tarihi na Macleay da Gidan Tarihi na Jami'a, an haɗa su a ƙarƙashin wani darakta guda ɗaya, David Ellis, a shekara ta 2003 don kafa Gidajen Tarihi na Jami'ar Sydney.  A shekara ta 2005, an naɗa Michael Turner a matsayin Babban Mai Kula da Gidaje.

## Tarin dindindin
Tarin kayan tarihi na dindindin na Gidan Tarihi na Nicholson ya mamaye duniyar da ta gabata tare da manyan wuraren tattarawa, ciki har da duniyar gargajiya ta Girka da Italiya, Masar, Cyprus, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Turai daga zamanin Neolithic zuwa zamanin Medieval. Tarin ya kuma haɗa da tarin hotuna masu mahimmanci na tarihi na sama da gilashin 1,350 da tsohon mai kula da kayan tarihi William J. Woodhouse ya ɗauka. 

## Manazarta
Tsohon Gidan Gwamnati, Parramatta

**Tsohon Gidan Gwamnati** wani tsohon gidan tarihi ne da aka lissafa a matsayin gidan tarihi wanda Gwamnonin farko na mulkin mallaka na New South Wales na wancan lokacin suka yi amfani da shi, tsakanin 1800 da 1847, wanda kuma yake a Parramatta Park da ke Parramatta, a cikin unguwannin Yammacin Sydney, New South Wales, Ostiraliya. Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wuri mai mahimmanci na ƙasa da na duniya a matsayin kayan tarihi da na tarihi. Hakanan yana nuna yadda Daular Burtaniya ta ƙarni na 18 ta gudanar da faɗaɗa ta, da kuma yadda al'ummar Ostiraliya ta ci gaba tun lokacin da aka kafa ta a 1788.

Rashin ingancin Gidan Gwamnatin Sydney na asali, da kuma laifuka da rashin tsafta a cikin karuwar sulhun fursunoni na Sydney  ya shawo kan Gwamnonin da suka biyo baya game da buƙatar zama a karkara. A shekara ta 1799 Gwamna na biyu, John Hunter, ya share ragowar gidan Arthur Phillip, sannan aka gina wani gini na dindindin a wurin.

Tsohon Gidan Gwamnati an yi masa ado da salon farko na shekarun 1820 kuma a buɗe yake ga baƙi. Yana a Parramatta a kan filin shakatawa mai 260 acres (110 ha) wanda ke kallon Kogin Parramatta, kuma shine ginin jama'a mafi tsufa a Ostiraliya. Filin yana da ban sha'awa musamman domin su wani wurin ajiyar kayan tarihi ne na zamanin mulkin mallaka wanda ke kewaye da abin da yanzu shine babban yankin birni na Ostiraliya. Aikin kula da filaye na "wuta" da ƙabilar Darug ' yan asalin ƙasar ke gudanarwa, waɗanda suka taɓa zama a yankin, ya bayyana daga wasu tabo da za a iya gani a kan bishiyoyi da har yanzu suke tsaye (ana cire ɓawon su don gina kwale-kwale). Haka kuma, an gano cewa harsashin da ake amfani da shi don ƙarfafa turmi da aka yi amfani da shi a ginin Majalisar ya samo asali ne daga yankunan Aboriginal.[1]

A watan Yulin 2010, an rubuta Tsohon Gidan Gwamnati da Domain a cikin Jerin Gado na Duniya a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin wurare 11 na Australiya waɗanda ke da alaƙa mai mahimmanci da sufuri na fursunoni (watau Wuraren da aka yanke wa hukunci na Australiya ) waɗanda tare suka wakilci "mafi kyawun misalan da suka tsira na jigilar fursunoni masu yawa da faɗaɗa mulkin mallaka na ƙasashen Turai ta hanyar kasancewar da aikin fursunoni" 

Ana sanya wa ƙasar da gidan yake a kai suna ƙasar *Darug*, inda kabilar Burramatta ke zaune. Akwai shaidar cewa 'yan asalin ƙasar Aboriginal ne suka mamaye wurin, kamar Middens.

## Bayani

## Manazarta
Rhodri Philipps, na 4th Viscount St Davids

Rhodri Colwyn Philipps, 4th Viscount St Davids (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1966)  ɗan asalin Burtaniya ne.

Wani dan kasuwa da darektan kamfanin, tun daga watan Yulin , an ayyana Philipps a matsayin mai fatara sau uku, yana da hukunci mai laifi saboda Rashin kula da kudi da kuma wasu hukunci biyu don barazanar sadarwa, kuma an yanke masa hukuncin makonni 12 a kurkuku don daya daga cikin na ƙarshe.

## Sunayen sarauta da iyali
Shi ne ɗan fari kuma magaji na ɗan Burtaniya Colwyn Philipps, 3rd Viscount St Davids (d.2009), da Augusta Victoria Correay Larraín (ɗan ƙasar Chilean, daga Santiago).

Baya ga matsayinsa na viscountcy, wanda ya gaji bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa, yana da manyan lakabi na Baron Strange na Knockin (1299), Baron Hungerford (1426), da Baron na Moleyns (1445), da kuma baronetcy na Picton Castle (1621). Har ila yau, shi ne magaji ga barony na Grey de Ruthyn . 

D&#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Matsalolin shari'a

### Al'amuran kudi
Philipps ya sami kulawa tun aƙalla farkon shekarun 2000, dangane da kasuwancinsa da harkokin shari'a. An fara bayyana shi a matsayin mai fatara a shekara ta 2002,  kuma daga baya ya rike mukamin darakta a kamfanoni da yawa.  A watan Satumbar 2008, bayan da aka hana shi belin a matsayin hadarin jirgin sama, Philipps ya kwashe fiye da shekara guda a kurkuku a Nuremberg yayin da hukumomin Jamus suka binciki da'awar rashin amfani da kudaden kamfanin. Daga bisani kotun Jamus ta ba shi hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku na shekaru biyu saboda Rashin kula da kudade da suka shafi kamfanin gine-ginensa Hans Brochier, daga inda ya canja adadin lambobi bakwai zuwa sabon kamfani mai rijista a Burtaniya a shekara ta 2005.   A shekara ta 2009 ya daukaka kara game da hukuncin. [yana buƙatar sabuntawa]

A watan Satumbar 2010, Bankin Barclays ya kwace dukiyar Philipps ta West Sussex, Strange Place, a Northchapel. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, an ayyana shi a karo na biyu,   kuma a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2011 an gurfanar da matarsa, Viscountess St Davids, saboda basussukan da ba a biya ba. 

A watan Maris na shekara ta 2012, Philipps ya kai karar masu ba da shawara kan shari'a na waje na Corporate & Chancery Group na fam miliyan 110 a Kotun Koli ta Mauritius, yana zargin zamba da rashin kulawa. A watan Fabrairun 2016, an ayyana shi a karo na uku.&nbsp;

## manazarta
Gidan Tarihin Makarantar NSW

**Gidan Tarihi na Makarantar NSW**, wanda aka fi sani da **Gidan Tarihi na Ilimi na Makarantar New South Wales**, yana cikin harabar makarantar North Ryde Public School da ke North Ryde, wani yanki na Sydney, New South Wales, Ostiraliya.

Gidan tarihin ya ƙunshi kwafin ajin shekarun 1870 da aka samu a ginin makarantar na asali na 1877.[1] Masu sa kai ne suka gyara shi a shekarar 1992 kuma Virginia Chadwick, Ministan Ilimi na NSW a lokacin, ta buɗe shi a hukumance a watan Nuwamba 1992.[2] Baya ga kayan daki na makaranta, tarin ya haɗa da littattafai, mujallu, hotuna da takardu.[3]

Kungiyoyin makaranta suna ziyartar gidan tarihi kuma ma'aikata suna tarbar su a cikin kayan kwalliya na shekarun 1870. Ana ba wa ɗaliban darasi ta amfani da alkalami da tawada daga tawada a cikin aji wanda ba shi da hasken wucin gadi. 

Ana ba da hayar wurin adana kayan tarihi da kayan daki ga ma'aikatan fim da talabijin, wanda hakan ke ba da ƙarin hanyar samun kuɗi ga waɗanda aka biya don balaguron makaranta.  Shiga ta hanyar alƙawari ne kawai. 

Kwamitin masu sa kai ne ke kula da gidan tarihin.

## Manazarta
Kabari na Furotesta, Montpellier

**Kabarin Furotesta na [[Montpellier]]** (Faransa: Le cimetière protestant de Montpelliers) tarihi ne, mallakar coci kuma yana aiki da kabari na Furotesta wanda ke cikin birnin Montpellien, a Faransa . Kabarin da ke da siffar triangular da ke kewaye da manyan ganuwar a kan titin Palavas shine na huɗu kuma kawai makabartar Furotesta da ke akwai a Montpellier, tare da kasancewa mafi tsufa a cikin birni.

## Tarihi da bayanin
A farkon gyare-gyare a Montpellier, an binne mabiyan Sabuwar bangaskiya da masu tuba zuwa Furotesta a cikin makabarta na Katolika. Amma a shekara ta 1565, jami'an Katolika sun nemi gwamna na Languedoc, Henri de Montmorency don tabbatar da umarni ga Furotesta daga amfani da makabarta na Roman Katolika, kuma sabuwar dokar ta haramta binne Furotesta a ƙasa mai tsarki. Saboda haka, Furotesta dole ne su binne 'yan uwan su da suka mutu a asirce a kan dukiya mai zaman kanta har sai Dokar Nantes ta ba 'yan tsiraru na addini wasu' yanci wanda ke buƙatar masu gudanar da birni su samar da ƙasa mai dacewa ga' yan ƙasa marasa Katolika don binne su a hanyar da ta dace.

A shekara ta 1565, mutumin Huguenot, François des Urcières de Gaudette ya ba da ƙasarsa ta sirri ga al'ummar Furotesta don zama wurin binne 'yan ƙasar Furotesta. Wannan makabartar farko ta lalace sosai a lokacin da aka kewaye ta 1622 kuma an rushe ta a 1624 yayin gina birni ta Louis XIII.

Bayan rufe wurin binne su na farko, al'ummar Furotesta na Montpellier sun mallaki wasu makabarta guda biyu waɗanda ba su wanzu a yau ba. Kabari na yanzu da aka kirkira a 1809 shine kabari na Furotesta na huɗu a Montpellier tare da yanki na 3,500 m2, kuma an rubuta jana'izar farko a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, 1809, wata mace mai shekaru 21 mai suna Marguerite Bouvier.￼

An faɗaɗa makabarta a karo na farko a 1824, sannan a 1856 kuma a 1880 lokacin da aka gina ɗakin sujada a filin makabarta.

## Abubuwan da aka sani da binnewa
**An tsara jerin ne bisa ga shekarar mutuwar.**

* Louis Médard (1768-1841), 'yan asalin Faransa kuma littattafai masu ban sha'awaMai son littattafai
* Frédéric Bazille (1841-1870), mai zane-zane na Faransa
* Jacques-Louis Hénon (1802-1872), ɗan siyasan jamhuriya na Faransa
* François Perrier (Officer na Sojojin Faransa)  (1833-1888), sojan Faransa kuma masanin ilimin ƙasa
* Jules Émile Planchon (1823-1888), masanin ilimin shuke-shuke na Faransa
* Gustave Chancel (1822-1890), masanin kimiyyar Faransa
* Armand Sabatier (1834-1910), masanin ilimin dabbobi na Faransa
* Max Leenhardt (1853-1941), mai zane na Faransa
* Jeanne Galzy (1883-1977), marubuciyar litattafan Faransa kuma mai ba da labari
* Henri Victor Vallois (1889-1981), masanin ilimin ɗan adam na Faransa kuma masanin burbushin halittu

## Gidan wasan kwaikwayo

Fayil:Schéma_de_l'historique.JPG
Fayil:Chapelle_cimetiere_protestant.JPG
Fayil:Tombe_Frédéric_Bazille_Cimetière_protestant_Montpellier.jpg
Fayil:Grab_Gaston_Giraud.jpg
Fayil:Vue_d'une_allée.JPG
Fayil:Grab_Paul_Gervais_de_Rouville.jpg


## Dubi kuma

* Furotesta a Faransa

## Manazarta
Kabari na Furotesta, Bordeaux

Kabarin Furotesta na Bordeaux (Faransanci: Le cimetière protestant de Bordeaux) tarihi ne, mallakar coci kuma yana aiki da kabari na Furotesta wanda ke cikin birnin Bordeaux, a Faransa . An kaddamar da makabartar a cikin 1826 a gundumar Caudéran . Kuma an rubuta jana'izar farko a watan Maris na shekara ta 1827. An faɗaɗa shi a 1867, an gina ƙaramin ɗakin sujada a 1910 a filin makabartar.[1]￼

## Tarihi da bayanin
Kafin Dokar Nantes ta baiwa Furotesta wasu haƙuri na addini da haƙƙin yin sujada kyauta, Furotesta dole ne su binne matattu a ɓoye a kan dukiya mai zaman kanta, gonar gona ko ɗakunan ajiya. Kabari na yanzu a kan rue Judaïque ya rufe yanki na hekta 1.5, wanda ke dauke da kusan filaye 1,300. Masanin gine-gine Armand Corcelles ne ya tsara ƙofar da ta fi girma wanda kuma ya gina Cocin Chartrons Reformed a kan rue Notre-Dame a Bordeaux. Gidan binnewa yana nuna bambancin al'adu da al'adu daban-daban na Bordeaux tare da kaburbura na tsoffin Reformed Calvinists, Lutherans, Anglicans na kasashe daban-daban. Kodayake yawancin wuraren kaburbura suna da sauƙi kuma suna da tsauri, saboda koyarwar Calvinist da koyarwar, akwai wasu abubuwan tunawa masu kyau, masallatai na iyali da masallatai a cikin tsarin gine-ginen Neo-Gothic da Victorian waɗanda ke cikin manyan iyalai na Jamus-Lutheran da na Birtaniya-Anglican kamar Barton, Johnston, Stuttenberg.

## Abubuwan da aka sani da binnewa
**An tsara jerin ne bisa ga shekarar mutuwar.**

* Pierre-Barthélémy Portal d'Albarèdes **Baron Portal** (1765-1845), ɗan siyasan Faransa
* Ludovic Trarieux (1840-1904), ɗan siyasan Jamhuriyar Faransa, lauya, sanannen Dreyfusard, kuma majagaba na haƙƙin ɗan adam na duniya
* Jean de La Ville de Mirmont (1886-1914), mawaki na yaki na Faransa
* Chocolat (clown) **Rafael Padilla** (1868-1917), Afro-Cuban clown, daya daga cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na farko da suka yi nasara a Faransa ta zamani
* Hortense Schneider (1833-1920), soprano na Faransa, daya daga cikin manyan taurari na wasan kwaikwayo na karni na 19
* Camille Jullian (1859-1933), masanin tarihin Faransa, masanin ilimin harshe, masanin binciken kayan tarihi da masanin tarihin adabi
* Manon Cormier (1896-1945), lauyan Faransa kuma marubucin mata
* Willem van Hasselt (1882-1963), mai zane na Holland
* Henri Salmide (1919-2010), mai suna **Heinz Stahlschmidt** a lokacin haihuwa, jami'in sojan ruwa na Jamus

## Gidan wasan kwaikwayo

Fayil:Plan_cimetière_protestant_Bordeaux.jpg
Fayil:Cimetière_protestant_Bordeaux_-_Quartier_Haut.png
Fayil:Cimetière_protestant_Bordeaux_-_Allée.jpg
Fayil:Johnston_-_Cimetière_protestant_de_Bordeaux.jpg
Fayil:Schickler-Streckeisen_-_Cimetière_protestant_de_Bordeaux.jpg
Fayil:Schneider_-_Cimetière_protestant_de_Bordeaux.png


## Dubi kuma

* Furotesta a Faransa

## Manazarta
Kabari na Huguenot, Cork

An kirkiro Kabari na Huguenot tsakanin 1710 da 1733 a matsayin makabartar mazaunan Huguenots a birnin Cork . [1] An yi imanin cewa yana ɗaya daga cikin makabarta biyu na Huguenot da suka tsira a yammacin Turai.[2]￼

## Kabari
Kimanin Huguenots 5,000 sun zo Ireland a lokacin da suke tserewa daga tsanantawar addini, biyo bayan sokewa Dokar Nantes a asalin su Faransa. Daruruwan wadannan 'yan gudun hijira sun zauna a Cork. A yankin Lumley Street,  wanda yanzu ake kira Faransanci Church Street, sun gina makaranta, gidan sadaka da makabarta.  Kabarin yana da ragowar wasu shahararrun Huguenots na birnin kuma an fahimci cewa ragowar akalla daya tsohon Lord Mayor na Cork suna cikinta. Amfani na karshe da aka yi amfani da shi don binnewa ya kasance a cikin 1901. Kabarin abin tunawa ne da aka rubuta.

## Ƙarin karantawa

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*  
*  

## Manazarta
Roy Kramer

**Roy Foster Kramer** (Oktoba 30, 1929 - Disamba 4, 2025) ya kasance kocin Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji Amurka kuma mai kula da wasanni. Kramer ya kasance babban kocin kwallon kafa na Jami'ar Michigan ta Tsakiya daga 1967 zuwa 1977, inda ya tara rikodin 83-32-2 kuma ya lashe gasar zakarun kwallon kafa ta NCAA Division II ta 1974. Daga nan ya yi aiki a matsayin Daraktan wasanni a Jami'ar Vanderbilt daga 1978 zuwa 1990, sannan daga baya a matsayin kwamishinan Taron Kudu maso Gabas daga 1990 zuwa 2002, inda ya kirkiro Bowl Championship Series .
## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Roy Foster Kramer a Maryville, Tennessee, a ranar 30 ga Oktoba, 1929. Kramer ya buga kwallon kafa kuma ya yi kokawa a Kwalejin Maryville har sai an rubuta shi cikin Yaƙin Koriya . Ya yi aiki a cikin soja na tsawon shekaru uku kafin ya kammala a 1953. Ya ci gaba da halartar Jami'ar Michigan don samun digiri na biyu a tarihi da ilimi.
## Rayuwa da mutuwarsa
Kramer ya auri Sara Jo. Yana da 'ya'ya uku da jikoki shida.Ɗansa Steve ya buga kwallon kafa a Jami'ar Miami .  Sara Jo ta mutu a shekara ta 2013, tare da ma'auratan sun yi aure shekaru 62. Kramer ya mutu a Vonore, Tennessee, a ranar 4 ga Disamba, 2025, yana da shekaru 96.

## Manazarta
Gidan binnewar Huguenot

**Gidan binnewar Huguenots** (Landan aka fi sani da **Kabari na Dutsen Nod**) tsohon wurin binnewar Hugenots ne a Wandsworth, London . An yi amfani da shi daga 1687 zuwa 1854. Wurin binnewa yana tsakanin East Hill da Huguenot Place a cikin London Borough of Wandsworth . Tana kusa da Cocin Roman Katolika na St Mary Magdalen .

## Tarihi

Ginin kabari, wanda ya rufe kasa da rabin kadada, yana a saman hat Hill kuma an buɗe shi a cikin 1687 a matsayin wurin binne 'yan gudun hijirar Huguenot - mutanen da suka tsere daga tsanantawar addini a Faransa bayan sun rungumi bangaskiyar Furotesta. Da yawa daga cikin wadannan 'yan gudun hijira daga fadin Channel sun zauna a Wandsworth, sun janyo hankalin masana'antun zane da masana'antun masana'antu waɗanda ke gefen Kogin Wandle - suna kawo ƙwarewarsu a matsayin hular da Masu yin tufafi, suna taimakawa wajen kafa Wandsworth na karni na 17 da 18 a matsayin sanannen cibiyar yin tufafi da tufafi.

An yi hidimar coci a Faransanci a tsohuwar Cocin Presbyterian a Wandsworth sama da ƙarni guda bayan Huguenots na farko sun iso. Mai sharhi na zamantakewar Victorian James Thorne, a rubuce a 1876, ya bayyana cewa "a hankali ɓangaren Faransanci ya shiga cikin jama'ar da ke kewaye da shi, amma Wandsworth ya daɗe yana da shahara don yin hat".

An rufe wurin binnewa a shekara ta 1854 kuma a yau galibi ciyawa ce tare da bishiyoyi da shrubs a kusa da kewayen. An ba shi wurin shakatawa na tarihi da matsayin lambu a matsayin wani ɓangare na shawarwarin da majalisar ta gudanar kwanan nan game da jerin gida.￼

Akwai wasu abubuwan tunawa da suka rage. A gefen arewacin makabartar akwai abin tunawa tare da bayanin wurin binnewa, kodayake ya zama kusan ba a iya karantawa ba. A cikin 1911 an gina wani abin tunawa don tunawa da Wandsworth Huguenots .  Rubutun da ke kan wannan abin tunawa ya karanta:

A kan matattarar an rubuta sunayen Huguenots masu zuwa da aka binne ko dai a Dutsen Nod da kansa ko kuma a cikin tsohuwar makabarta da ke kewaye da cocin Ikklisiya.

An ba wa majalisa lambar yabo a cikin 2019 kuma yanzu tana iya aiwatar da aiki don ingantawa da kiyaye wannan sararin samaniya na tarihi. Aikin gyaran zai dauki kimanin watanni shida don kammalawa.

 

## Manazarta
Kabarin Sojojin Faransa, Saigon

**Kabarin Sojojin Faransa, [[Birnin Ho Chi Minh|Saigon]]**, wani kabari ne na soja a Saigon, Vietnam .

Kabarin ya kasance a gefen Bay Hien a kudancin Tan Son Nhut Air Base .  : 340 

A lokacin yakin West Saigon, makabartar ta kasance wurin fada mai zurfi tsakanin Viet Cong da Sojojin Jamhuriyar Vietnam a ranar 6-7 ga Mayu 1968.  : 570 

An kiyaye makabarta a kan kudin Faransa, amma a shekarar 1982 gwamnatin Vietnam ta nemi a cire ragowar daga makabarta uku a yankunan da ke da yawan jama'a. Maimakon sake binne ragowar a Vietnam, an yanke shawarar mayar da su Faransa.

Yarjejeniyar Franco-Vietnamese ta 2 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1986 ta samar da dawo da gawawwakin sojoji da fararen hula 27,000 na Faransa daga makabartar Saigon, makabartar Vũng Tàu da makabartar Ba Huyen kusa da Hanoi.[1] Dukkanin gawar an tono su kuma an dawo da su tsakanin 1986 da 1987 sannan daga baya aka sake binne su a Mémorial des guerres en Indochine a Fréjus, Faransa.[2]￼

Tsohon makabartar yanzu ita ce wurin shakatawa na Công Viên Nhà thi tandar Tân Bình.

## Manazarta
Kabari na Cocin Reformed na Faransa

Kabarin Cocin Reformed na Faransa  wani kabari ne na Kirista a Szczecin, Poland wanda Al'ummar Faransa ke amfani da shi. Tana tsakanin titin Storrady na yanzu, titin Wawelska, titin Parkowa, da titin Kapitańska, a cikin abin da yanzu ya zama wani ɓangare na Stefan Żeromski Park. An kafa makabartar a farkon karni na 18, kuma ta ci gaba da aiki har zuwa 1937, kuma daga ƙarshe an rushe ta a shekarar 1965.

## Tarihi
An kafa makabartar Kirista ta Reformed a farkon rabin karni na 18, ta al'ummar Faransa, waɗanda suka fara zama a cikin birni bayan 1721. Tana tsakanin titin Storrady na yanzu, titin Wawelska, titin Parkowa, da titin Kapitańska. Shekaru da yawa, wuri ne na binne mutane da yawa na al'umma, gami da sanannun mazauna birni da yawa.

A cikin 1928, an gyara makabartar, kuma an gina katako na tubali da ginin lambu na katako. An rufe shi don binnewa a shekara ta 1937. 

An lalata chappel a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu . Bayan 1945, an fara saninsa da Kabari na Frogville (Polish) tsakanin mutanen Poland waɗanda suka zauna a cikin birni bayan ƙarshen rikici.[1]￼

An share kaburbura daga makabarta a shekarar 1965, kuma an juya shi cikin wani ɓangare na Stefan Żeromski Park. A halin yanzu, kawai tarihi ya rage bayan tsohon ginin lambu ne. Har ila yau, an sanya gicciye uku, suna jin zafi a cikin launuka na tutar Faransa, shine tunawa da ita.

## Manazarta
Gidan kayan gargajiya na Powerhouse

**Gidan Tarihi na Powerhouse**, wanda aka fi sani da **Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha da Kimiyya** ( **MAAS** ), tarin gidajen tarihi guda huɗu ne a Sydney, mallakar Gwamnatin New South Wales. Gidan tarihi ne na zamani na fasahar zamani da kimiyya, yana binciken hanyoyin ƙira, kirkire-kirkire, kimiyya, da fasaha. An kafa shi a shekarar 1879 a matsayin wani ɓangare na Nunin Ƙasashen Duniya na Sydney, cibiyar tana ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin gidajen tarihi na Ostiraliya da ke ci gaba da aiki.  

Gidan Tarihi na Powerhouse yana aiki a wurare huɗu a Sydney: **Powerhouse Ultimo**, **Powerhouse Parramatta**, **Powerhouse Castle Hill** da **Sydney Observatory.**

Gidan Powerhouse Ultimo, gidan kayan tarihin tun 1988, a halin yanzu an rufe shi don babban farfadowa.  Gidan Powerhouse Parramatta, wanda za a buɗe a 2026, zai zama gidan tarihi mafi girma a jihar New South Wales .  Gidan Powerhouse Castle yana aiki a matsayin babban shagon tattarawa da cibiyar bincike,  yayin da Sydney Observatory ke ci gaba da bayar da shirye-shiryen ilmin taurari daga wurin da aka lissafa a cikin tarihi a Observatory Hill.

Duk da cewa galibi ana kiransa da gidan adana kayan tarihi na kimiyya, Powerhouse yana riƙe da ɗaya daga cikin tarin kayan tarihi mafi mahimmanci da bambance-bambance a Ostiraliya,  wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwa sama da 500,000 a cikin ƙira, fasaha, kimiyya, da fasaha. Manyan fannoni sun haɗa da fasahar ado, kimiyya, sadarwa, sufuri, kayan sawa, kayan daki, kafofin watsa labarai, fasahar kwamfuta, fasahar sararin samaniya da injunan tururi.

Tarinsa da kasancewarsa a bainar jama'a sun samo asali a wurare da dama masu muhimmanci a tsawon lokaci—tun daga Fadar Lambun da ke Lambunan Botanic, zuwa Zauren Noma a Yankin, Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha, Masana'antu da Tsafta na New South Wales (1879–1882), Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha (Agusta 1893 - Maris 1988) a kan Titin Harris,  kuma daga ƙarshe ya koma Gidan Wutar Lantarki na Ultimo, wanda ke cikin tsohon Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Ultimo daga 1988.

Ana adana mafi yawan tarin kuma ana bincike a Powerhouse Castle Hill, wani wuri da jama'a ke iya shiga a duk lokacin karshen mako. [undefined] Tun daga shekarar 2019, [undefined] [undefined] Powerhouse ta gudanar da daya daga cikin manyan ayyukan dijital na gidan kayan tarihi a duniya, wanda hakan ya sa tarin kayansa ya fi sauki ta hanyar miliyoyin hotunan abubuwa masu inganci da ake samu a yanar gizo.[4] Wannan kokarin yana fadada ta hanyar ayyuka kamar Sounding the Collection,[1] wanda ke daukar sautunan abubuwa na musamman, yana bayar da sabbin hanyoyin jin dadi don dandana tarin.[2] [3]

## Gidan Wutar Lantarki na Parramatta

## Manazarta
Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa

**Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa** (27 Satumba 1950 - 4 Disamba 2025) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne ɗan Jafananci kuma mai shirya fina-finai  wanda aka fi sani da aikinsa a matsayin mugun mai sihiri Shang Tsung a cikin ayyuka daban-daban na Mortal Kombat ikon amfani da sunan kamfani: ya fara buga hali a cikin daidaitawar fina-finai na 1995, kuma ya sake buga shi a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen 2013 na Morgat13 na Morgat. don wasan bidiyo Mortal Kombat 11. Ya bayyana a matsayin Lt. A.J. Shimamura a kan sassa 15 na jerin talabijin na Amurka Nash Bridges.

Sau da yawa ana jefa shi a matsayin masu laifi, ya zama sananne ne saboda rawar da ya taka a fim din: The Last Emperor (1987), Fim din James Bond License to Kill (1989), Showdown in Little Tokyo (1991), American Me (1992), Rising Sun (1993), Mortal Kombat (1995), The Phantom (1996), Snow Falling on Cedars (1999), Pearl Harbor (2001), Planet of the Apes (kuma 2001), Memoirs of a Geisha (2005), Tekken (2009), 47 Ronin (2013), Tekken 2: Kazuya's Revenge (2014), da Kubo da Two Strings (2016). Ya fito a matsayin Ministan Ciniki Nobusuke Tagomi a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Amazon The Man in the High Castle (2015-2018), da kuma Hiroki Watanabe a cikin jerin Netflix Lost in Space (2018-2021).
## Rayuwa da aiki
**Shekaru na farko da ilimi**
An haifi Tagawa a Tokyo, Japan, ɗan 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Japan Takarazuka Mariko Hata kuma mahaifin Jafananci-Amurka wanda ya yi aiki a cikin Sojojin Amurka kuma an ajiye shi a: Fort Bragg, North Carolina; Fort Polk, Louisiana; da Fort Hood, Texas. Harsunan mahaifiyarsa Ingilishi ne da Jafananci, amma kuma yana magana da wasu Rasha, Koriya da Mutanen Espanya.
## Rayuwa da mutuwarsa
A shekara ta 2015, Tagawa ya tuba zuwa Orthodox na Gabas, kuma a shekara ta 2016, ya sami 'yancin zama ɗan ƙasar Rasha.

A farkon safiya na 4 ga Disamba 2025, Tagawa ya mutu yana da shekaru 75 daga rikitarwa na bugun jini a gidansa a Santa Barbara, California.

## Manazarta
Benedicta Chamberlain

**Benedicta Chamberlain** (an haife ta a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1944)   ita ce magajin biliyan Burtaniya kuma babbar mai hannun jari a William Grant &amp;amp; Sons .

## Ayyuka
Benedicta Chamberlain ita ce magaji ga kamfanin Scotland mai zaman kansa, mai mallakar iyali William Grant &amp;amp; Sons, masu yin Balvenie, Glenfiddich, Hendrick's, Tullamore Dew da Sailor Jerry . 

A cewar Forbes, tun daga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014, Benedicta Chamberlain ta mallaki kashi 29.29% na hannun jari a cikin William Grant, wanda ya ba ta darajar dala biliyan 1.1. 

A shekara ta 2008, Chamberlain ta kafa Gidauniyar Broomton, wacce take gudana tare da sauran mambobin kungiyar Chamberlain ta dangin Grant. A cewar Forbes, ya karbi kimanin dala miliyan 4.5 daga dangin Chamberlain, kuma manufarsa "watakila tana ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarancin bayyana a tarihi", wato, "abubuwan da take da su shine tallafawa irin waɗannan ayyukan agaji ko irin waɗannan dalilai na agaji kamar yadda masu aminci daga lokaci zuwa lokaci a cikin cikakkiyar fahimta suka ƙayyade".

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Chamberlain gwauruwa ce. Mijinta shine Francis Fitzralph Chamberlain, wanda aka haife shi a watan Mayu na shekara ta 1934.  Tana zaune a Suffolk, Ingila . 

## Manazarta
Stuart Chambers (mai kasuwanci)

**Stuart John Chambers** (an haife shi a watan Mayu shekara ta 1956)  ɗan kasuwa ne na Burtaniya. Ya kasance shugaban kungiyar Anglo American plc tun Nuwamba 2017. 

Har zuwa Maris 2021, Chambers ya kasance shugaban Travis Perkins, bayan ya shiga kwamitin a matsayin wanda ba babban darektan ba a shekarar 2017. Ya kasance shugaban ARM Holdings da Rexam har zuwa 2016; kuma a cikin aikinsa wanda ba na zartarwa ba a kan allon Tesco, Manchester Airport Group, Smiths Group da Associated British Ports Holdings. Ayyukansa na zartarwa sun haɗa da shekaru 13 a Pilkington da kamfanin iyayensa na gaba Nippon Sheet Glass har zuwa 2010, a cikin matsayi da yawa na zartaka kuma a ƙarshe a matsayin shugaban zartarwa na kamfanonin biyu. Kafin wannan, yana da shekaru goma na tallace-tallace da kwarewar tallace-tafiye a Kamfanin Mars, bayan shekaru goma a Shell plc a matsayin injiniyan sinadarai.

Chambers memba ne na The Takeover Panel  kuma abokin ziyara ne a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Saïd . 

## Manazarta
Gidan Tarihi na Penrith

**Gidan Tarihi na Bugawa na Penrith** gidan tarihi ne da ke Penrith, New South Wales, Ostiraliya wanda ke mai da hankali kan kayan aiki da dabarun buga wasiƙun labarai na Ostiraliya. 

## Kafa
A shekarar 1987, Alan Connell (1922–2020), wani ma'aikacin da ya yi ritaya a kamfanin buga jaridu na *The Nepean Times*, bayan ya wuce ginin tsohon jaridar Nepean Times da ke titin Station Street, ya ga cewa kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su wajen buga jaridar har yanzu suna nan, bayan shekaru 25 da aka daina amfani da su. Ya tambayi mai gidan a wancan lokacin ko zai iya samun wasu tsoffin kayan aiki don adana kayan tarihi. An ƙara injinan da aka adana da sauran kayan aikin buga takardu. An buɗe gidan tarihin a hukumance a ranar 2 ga Yuni 2001 ta hannun Jackie Kelly, 'yar majalisar Lindsay, Ministar Wasanni da Yawon Bude Ido ta wancan lokacin, tare da tallafin ƙungiyoyin masana'antu da kuma tallafin Asusun Tallafin Gwamnatin Tarayya.

A watan Satumba na shekarar 2017, Gidan Tarihi na Bugawa na Penrith ya rufe ƙofofinsa don babban haɓakawa kuma ya ƙara mita 150 a harabar gidansu, gami da ƙara ƙofar shiga da ɗakin karatu. Haɓaka dala $130,000 (AUD) ya ba da ƙarin sarari don nuna duk injunan aiki da kayan aiki. Kansilan Penrith Brian Cartwright ne ya sake buɗe gidan tarihin a watan Nuwamba na 2018.

## Kare Muhalli
Gidan Tarihi na Bugawa na Penrith yana ɗauke da tarin injunan bugawa da kayan aiki masu aiki sosai. Wasu daga cikin abubuwan da ke cikin tarin sun wuce shekaru 150 kuma har yanzu suna aiki. Manufar gidan tarihi ita ce a samar da dukkan kayan aiki da injuna don kowa ya gani ya kuma dandana. Gidan Tarihi na Bugawa na Penrith a halin yanzu yana da injunan bugawa da yawa na farkon 1900 na Linotype da Intertype, injin bugawa na Columbia daga 1841, injin bugawa na Albion daga 1864, injin bugawa na Nepean Times Wharfedale daga kusan 1880, Chandler & Price, injin bugawa na Arab da Pearl, injin bugawa na Heidelberg da injin bugawa na Miehle.

Gidan adana kayan tarihi ya fito a cikin fim ɗin *Ladies in Black* na shekarar 2018, inda aka yi amfani da shi don kwaikwayon ɗakin mawallafin Sydney Morning Herald. 

## Manazarta