Anne Frank

**Annelies Marie "Anne " Frank** (an haife ta a ranar sha biyu 12 ga watan Yuni a shekara ta alif ɗari da ashirin da tara1929A.C - ta mutu Watan Fabrairu zuwa watan Maris shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in da biyar (1945)  ta kasance yar jamus -  kuma yarJaridar Dutch, amman yar asalin yahudu . ta kasance daya daga cikin Yahudawan da ake ta magana akan su a rikin yakin da ake kira da Holocaust, ta yi suna bayan ɗabi'arta tare da buga littafin Diary of a Girl Girl (asalin Het Achterhuis a cikin Yaren mutanen Holland ; English: ), wanda ta tattara bayanan rayuwarta a ɓoye daga shekarar 1942 zuwa shekara ta 1944, a lokacin mamayar da ƙasar Netherlands ta yi a cikin Yaƙin Duniya na II . Littattafai ɗaya ne na sanannun litattafai na duniya kuma ya zama tushen tushen wasan kwaikwayo da fina-finai da yawa.
An haife ta a Frankfurt, Jamus, ta rayu yawancin rayuwarta a ciki ko kuma kusa da Amsterdam, Netherlands, bayan sun ƙaura zuwa can tare da danginta lokacin da ' yan Nazi suka sami iko a kan Jamus. Haife a Jamus na kasa, ta rasa ta kasa a shekarar 1941, kuma haka ya zama stateless . A watan Mayu shekarar 1940, Faransawa suka kama ta cikin Amsterdam ta hanyar mamayar da mutanen Netherlands suka yi daga Netherlands. Yayin da tsanantawar yawan yahudawa ke ƙaruwa a cikin watan Yuli shekarar 1942, Franks sun shiga ɓoye a cikin wasu ɗakunan da aka ɓoye a bayan wani akwati a cikin ginin inda mahaifin Anne, Otto Frank, ke aiki. Daga nan har zuwa lokacin da Gestapo ya kama dangi a cikin watan Agusta shekarar 1944, ta ajiye littafin da ta karɓa a matsayin bikin ranar haihuwa, kuma ta yi rubutu a kai a kai. Bayan kama su, an kwashe Faransawan zuwa sansanonin tattarawa . A watan Oktoba ko watan Nuwamba shekarar 1944, an dauke Anne da sisterar uwarta, Margot, daga Auschwitz zuwa sansanin tattara bayanai na Bergen-Belsen, inda suka mutu (wataƙila na cutar ta kumbura ) 'yan watanni bayan haka. Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross ta kiyasta cewa sun mutu ne a cikin Maris, tare da mahukuntan Dutch suka tsaida ranar 31 ga watan Maris a matsayin ranar mutuwarsu, amma binciken da aka yi a gidan Anne Frank House a cikin shekarar 2015 ya nuna cewa mai yiwuwa sun mutu ne a watan Fabrairu. 
Otto, wanda shine kawai ya rage na Franks, ya koma Amsterdam bayan yakin don gano cewa sakataren sa, Miep Gies ya sami ceto, kuma kokarinsa ya haifar da buga shi a 1947. An fassara shi daga asalin Dutch ɗin sa na asali kuma aka fara buga shi a cikin Ingilishi a shekarar 1952 a matsayin Diary of a Girl Girl, kuma tun daga yanzu an fassara shi zuwa fiye da harsuna 70.

## Farkon Rayuwa

Frank an haife Annelies [1] ko Anneliese [2] Marie Frank a ranar 12 ga watan Yuni shekar ta 1929 a Maingau Red Cross Clinic  a Frankfurt, Jamus, ga Edith ( né e ) da Otto Heinrich Frank . Tana da wata 'yar uwa, Margot . [5] Franks din Yahudawa ne masu sassaucin ra'ayi, kuma ba su kiyaye duk al'adu da al'adun addinin Yahudanci. [6] Sun zauna a cikin wata jama communitya wadda ke hade da Yahudawa da kuma wadanda ba Yahudawa ba na mabiya addinai daban-daban. Edith da Otto iyaye ne masu ibada, waɗanda ke da sha'awar neman ilimi kuma suna da ɗakunan karatu; duka iyayen sun karfafa yaran suyi karatu. [7] [8] A lokacin haihuwar Anne dangin sun zauna a wani gida a Marbachweg 307 a Frankfurt- Dornbusch, inda suka yi hayar benaye biyu. A shekara ta 1931, dangi sun koma Ganghoferstrasse 24 a wani yanki mai sassaucin ra'ayi na Dornbusch da ake kira Dichterviertel (Quarter Poets). Dukkan gidajen biyu har yanzu suna nan. 

A cikin shekara ta 1933, bayan Adist Hitler na Jam'iyyar Nazi ya lashe zaben tarayya kuma an nada Adolf Hitler a matsayin shugabar Reich, Edith Frank kuma yaran sun tafi tare da mahaifiyar Edith Rosa a Aachen . Otto Frank ya ci gaba da zama a Frankfurt, amma bayan samun tayin don fara kamfanin a Amsterdam, ya koma can don tsara kasuwancin kuma ya shirya masauki ga danginsa. [10] Ya fara aiki a 

Opekta Works, kamfanin da ya sayar da pectin 'ya'yan itacen. Edith yayi balaguro tsakanin Aachen da Amsterdam kuma ya sami gida a dandalin Merwedeplein (Merwede Square) a cikin yankin Rivierenbuurt na Amsterdam, inda karin refugeesan gudun hijirar Ba-Yahuden suka sauka. [11] A ƙarshen Disamba 1933, Edith ya bi mijinta tare da Margot. Anne ta kasance tare da kakarta har zuwa watan Fabrairu, lokacin da aka sake haduwar dangi a Netherlands. [12] Franks suna cikin Yahudawa 300,000 waɗanda suka gudu daga Jamus tsakanin 1933 da 1939. [13].Bayan sun ƙaura zuwa Amsterdam, Anne da Margot Frank sun yi rajista a makaranta — Margot a cikin makarantar gwamnati da kuma Anne a wata makarantar Montessori . Duk da matsalolin farko da yaren Dutch, Margot ya zama ɗan ɗalibin tauraruwa a Amsterdam. Anne ba da daɗewa ba ta ji a gida a makarantar Montessori kuma ta haɗu da yara na shekarunta, kamar Hannah Goslar, wanda daga baya zai zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan abokanka. [14] A watan Mayu 1940, Jamus ta mamaye Netherlands, kuma gwamnatin mamaye ta fara tsananta wa Yahudawa ta hanyar aiwatar da dokokin hana ruwa da tsaki; m rajista da rarrabuwa ba da daɗewa ba bi. [17] Otto Frank yayi ƙoƙari don shirya dangin su yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka - maƙasudin makamancinsa da ya zama mai yiwuwa ne  - amma aikace-aikacen Frank na neman takardar izinin ba a aiwatar da su ba, saboda yanayi kamar rufe ofishin jakadancin Amurka a Rotterdam da kuma asarar duk takarda a wurin, gami da aikace aikacen visa.  Ko da an aiwatar da shi, gwamnatin Amurka a wancan lokacin ta damu da cewa mutanen da ke da kusancin dangi har yanzu suna a Jamus za a iya tura baki su zama 'yan leken asirin Nazi. 


## Manazarta