Fataucin mutane a Malawi

Malawi ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar TIP ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 2000 a watan Satumbar 2005. 

A cikin 2010 Malawi ta kasance ƙasa ce ta asali ga maza, mata, da yara da ke fuskantar fataucin mutane, musamman yanayin tilasta aiki da tilasta karuwanci a cikin ƙasar da ƙasashen waje. Yawancin wadanda ke fama da fataucin Malawi an yi amfani da su a cikin gida, kodayake an gano wadanda ke fama le jima'i da fatauccin ma'aikata a Afirka ta Kudu, Zambia, Mozambique, Tanzania, da wasu sassan Turai. Har zuwa ƙarami, Malawi ta kasance wurin wucewa ga wadanda ke fama da cutar kasashen waje da kuma ƙasar da ake nufi ga maza, mata, da yara daga Zambia, Mozambique, Tanzania, da Zimbabwe da ke ƙarƙashin yanayin tilasta aiki ko cin zarafin jima'i na kasuwanci. A cikin ƙasar, an tilasta wa wasu yara yin bautar gida, kiwon shanu, aikin gona, da aiki na ƙasƙanci a cikin ƙananan kasuwanni daban-daban. 'Yan mata da mata da aka yi amfani da su sun zama "yan mata masu shayarwa" a mashaya da gidajen hutawa inda aka tilasta musu yin jima'i da kwastomomi don musayar ɗaki da abinci. Ana samun aikin tilas a aikin gona a gonakin taba. Masu fataucin ma'aikata galibi mazauna ƙauyuka ne waɗanda suka ƙaura zuwa birane kuma daga baya suka ɗauki yara daga ƙauyukansu na asali ta hanyar tayin ayyuka masu kyau. Masu Gidan karuwai ko wasu masu ba da gudummawa sun janyo hankalin 'yan mata da alkawuran tufafi masu kyau da masauki. Lokacin da suka isa, sun cajin yarinyar babban kuɗin haya don waɗannan abubuwa kuma sun umurce ta yadda za ta shiga karuwanci don biyan bashin. Direbobin motoci masu nisa na Afirka ta Kudu da Tanzaniya da masu gudanar da ƙananan bas sun tura wadanda abin ya shafa a kan iyakoki masu laushi ta hanyar guje wa wuraren dubawa na shige da fice. Wasu 'yan kasuwa na cikin gida waɗanda suka yi tafiya a kai a kai zuwa ƙasashe makwabta don siyan tufafi don shigo da su an gano su a matsayin masu fataucin mutane. Rahotanni na masu yawon bude ido na Turai da ke biyan jima'i tare da yara maza da mata sun ci gaba.

InA cikin 2010 Gwamnatin Malawi ba ta cika cikakkun ka'idoji don kawar da fataucin mutane ba; duk da haka, ta yi ƙoƙari sosai don yin hakan. Duk da yake gwamnati ta ci gaba da kokarin tabbatar da damar wadanda abin ya shafa ga ayyukan kariya da kuma hana fataucin mutane, manya da aka fataucin su don jima'i ko cin zarafin aiki da yara da aka yi amfani da su a cikin bautar gida da karuwanci har yanzu ba su sami irin kulawa kamar yadda yara da aka cin zarafi a aikin tilas ba. 2.

Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don Kulawa da Yaki da Cin Hanci da Kasuwanci a cikin Mutane ya sanya kasar a cikin "Tier 2" a cikin 2017  da 2023 . 

## Shari'a (2010)
Gwamnatin Malawi ta ci gaba da ci gaba a kokarin tilasta bin doka na yaki da fataucin mutane a shekarar da ta gabata. Malawi ta haramta duk wani nau'in fataucin mutane ta hanyar dokoki daban-daban, gami da Dokar Aiki da Mataki na 135 zuwa 147 da 257 zuwa 269 na Dokar Shari'a, kodayake ƙasar ba ta da takamaiman dokokin yaki da fataucin. Hukunce-hukuncen da aka tsara a ƙarƙashin waɗannan dokoki sun kasance daga ƙananan tarar zuwa ɗaurin shekaru 10; waɗannan hukuncin suna da tsananin ƙarfi kuma sun dace da hukunce-hukunce da aka tsara don wasu manyan laifuka. Shekara ta biyu, daftarin Kula da Yara, Karewa da Dokar Shari'a, wanda ke bayyana fataucin yara kuma yana sanya hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai ga masu fataucin da aka yanke musu hukunci, ya kasance a cikin majalisar ministocin gwamnati kuma majalisar ba ta wuce ba. Har ila yau, a shekara ta biyu, Hukumar Shari'a ta Malawi ba ta kammala rubuce-rubuce na cikakkun dokoki na yaki da fataucin mutane ba musamman ta haramta duk wani nau'in fataucin mutum. Hukumomin tilasta bin doka na cikin gida a Malawi kawai suna riƙe da rubuce-rubuce na ayyukansu, waɗanda ba a haɗa su a kowane wurin rikodin tsakiya ba. Bayanai game da kididdigar ƙasa ba su samuwa ba, kodayake wasu gundumomi sun ba da bayanai game da takamaiman ayyukansu. A shekara ta 2009, Kotun Majalisa a gundumar Mchinji a kan iyakar Zambiya ta gurfanar da masu aikata laifuka biyar a kan tuhume-tuhumen aikata laifukan kuma ta yanke wa hudu hukunci. A cikin shari'ar da ta shafi yara 14 da ke fama da fataucin ma'aikata, an yanke wa masu laifi uku hukuncin shekaru bakwai na aiki tuƙuru, an ci daya tarar $ 33, kuma an wanke daya. Kotun Mchinji ta yanke wa wani mai fataucin mutane hukunci wanda aka kama yayin da yake jigilar yara 59 zuwa Zambia don a yi amfani da su a cikin aikin tilas, kuma ta yanke masa hukuncin shekaru biyar a kurkuku. Har ila yau, gwamnati ta gurfanar da kuma yanke wa masu aikata laifuka 34 hukunci saboda cin zarafin yara a aikin gona. Kowane mutum an ci tarar $ 131, wanda shine kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na shekara-shekara a Malawi. 'Yan sanda, kariya ga yara, jin dadin jama'a, da sauran jami'ai sun sami horo kan yadda za a gane, bincike, da kuma gurfanar da shari'o'in fataucin mutane ko dai kai tsaye daga gwamnati ko kuma tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu. Ma'aikatar Ayyuka ta haɗa tsarin kare yara a cikin horar da masu binciken aiki. Ana gudanar da buƙatun yin aiki tare da wasu gwamnatoci ta hanyar wucin gadi, ba bisa ka'ida ba, musamman tsakanin jami'an gundumar a Mchinji da jami'ai a fadin iyakar Zambiya. Binciken Ofishin yaki da cin hanci da rashawa, wanda aka fara a shekara ta 2007, a cikin korafe-korafe biyu na cin hanci leken asiri na gwamnati da suka shafi fataucin mutane yana ci gaba a ƙarshen lokacin bayar da rahoto.

## Karewa (2010)
Gwamnatin Malawi ta ci gaba da kokarin ta na tabbatar da cewa an ba wadanda abin ya shafa damar samun sabis na da ya dace, kuma ta ba da tallafi ga masu ba da sabis na NGO. Malawi ta ci gaba da dogaro da masu ba da gudummawa na kasashen waje da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don tallafawa da gudanar da mafi yawan shirye-shiryen yaki da fataucin mutane na kasar. A wannan shekarar da ta gabata, ta ba da taimako na fasaha da daidaitawa ga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu kuma ta taimaka wajen kafa jagororin aikin. A cikin gundumar Dedza, 'yan sanda sun ceci yara 14 na Malawi da 10 na Mozambican da ke fama da fataucin ma'aikata. Gwamnati ta ba da tilasta bin doka, shige da fice, da ma'aikatan zamantakewa tare da horo na asali wajen gano wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane, kodayake ba ta riga ta kafa hanyoyin da suka dace don gano wadanda ke fuskantar fataucin tsakanin mutanen da ke fama da rauni, musamman mutane a cikin kasuwancin jima'i na kasuwanci ba. Ma'aikatan gwamnati sun ci gaba da haɗin gwiwa tare da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don haɗa shirye-shiryen su na cikin gida tare da masu binciken ma'aikata na gwamnati, jami'an kare yara, jami'in kula da lafiyar jama'a na gundumar, 'yan sanda, da kwamitocin kare yara na gundumar. Gwamnati ta ba da kuɗin cibiyar farfadowa guda ɗaya a Lilongwe ga wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane da tashin hankali na jinsi. Cibiyar ba ta adana takamaiman rikodin wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane da wataƙila ta taimaka ba. Fiye da ofisoshin 'yan sanda 100 a duk faɗin ƙasar sun haɗa da rukunin tallafin wadanda aka azabtar don amsa tashin hankali na jinsi da laifukan fataucin mutane. Wadannan raka'a sun ba da iyakantaccen shawara kuma, a wasu wurare, mafaka ta wucin gadi, kodayake ikon ganowa da taimakawa wadanda abin ya shafa ya bambanta sosai tsakanin tashoshin. Kwamitocin kare yara na ma'aikatun ma'aikatu sun sa ido kan gundumominsu saboda halayyar tuhuma wacce zata iya nuna aikin fataucin mutane. Gabaɗaya, gwamnati ta ƙarfafa waɗanda abin ya shafa su shiga cikin bincike da gurfanar da laifukan fataucin mutane kuma ba ta ɗaure su ba, tarar su, ko kuma ta hukunta wadanda aka azabtar da su saboda ayyukan da ba bisa ka'ida ba da aka aikata sakamakon kai tsaye na fataucin su.

## Manazarta