Rakina Bara

**Rakina Bara** ( Serbian Cyrillic   ) wani tafki ne a Sremčca, ƙauyen Belgrade, Serbia . Tana cikin gundumar Čukarica .

## Wuri
Tafkin yana  kudu da tsakiyar birnin Belgrade.  Yana cikin yankin arewa maso gabas na Sremčica, gabas da tsakiyar titin, titin Beogradska, kudu da makabartar Sremčica da unguwar Gorica.  

## labarin kasa
Rakina Bara tana cikin rami na dutsen ƙasa, a cikin ƙananan yanki na karstic da ake kira *Belgrade merokras* .  An shigar da shi a cikin wurin ɓarkewar jama'a kuma, yawanci don tafkunan karst, yana da nitsewa . Ita ce tafki mafi girma na halitta a sashin Šumadija na Belgrade kuma tafkin karst daya tilo a cikin yankin birni. Rakina bara ɗaya ne daga cikin tafkunan karst shida (tsohuwar 15) a duk yankin Šumadija. Tafkin yana da siffa mai siffar kwali,  tsawo,  fadi da  zurfi. Yana da tsayin ,  kuma yana rufe yanki na  . 

Duk da haka, lokacin da masanin ilimin ƙasa Jovan Cvijić ya ziyarci tafkin, tafkin ya kasance ƙarami a cikin yanki, , amma ya yi zurfi sosai, har zuwa  . Har zuwa 1950s ruwa ya kasance a sarari, cewa "kowane dutsen da ke ƙasa ana iya gani". Cvijić kuma ya rubuta maɓuɓɓugan ruwa a gefen kudu na tafkin. 

Rakina Bara tana samun ruwa daga maɓuɓɓugan ruwa biyu da hazo na yanayi . Kafin tafkin ya bushe, babban abin shigar ya kai  tsayi kuma ya kawo  .  Ba shi da fita.

Sunan tafkin yana nufin "Tafkin Raka" a Serbian (Raka sunan laƙabi ne na maza). Kamar yadda al’adun gargajiyar kasar suka bayyana, Raka wani dan kasa ne wanda yake tono yashi yana jigilar ruwa daga cikin tafki, amma watarana ya fada cikin ruwa da gangan ya nutse. 

## Dabbobin daji

### Tsire-tsire
Yayin da tafkin ke raguwa, an binne shi a hankali a ƙarƙashin girma, yawanci an yi shi da tsire-tsire masu kama da redi

### Dabbobi
Tafkin yana da yawa a cikin kifaye kamar yadda a shekarun 1950 aka mayar da shi tafkin kifi. Carps har zuwa  an kama su da raga kuma har zuwa farkon 2000s an shirya gasar kamun kifi. A yau kusan dukkanin kifin da ke cikin tafkin sun mutu kuma ana iya ganin maciji, agwagwa ko grebe lokaci-lokaci.   A da, nau'ikan tsuntsaye 17 sun kasance gida a kusa da tafkin. 

## hulɗar ɗan adam
Rakina Bara tun asali ta fi zurfi kuma ruwan ya share har kasa. A wurin da rafin ya shiga cikin tafkin, manoman yankin sun shayar da shanunsu. Da yake bakin tekun yana da yashi kuma laka tana nan ne kawai a zurfin zurfin, tsakiyar yankin tafkin, ana amfani da shi don yin iyo. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da aka fara nuna tsiraici a Serbia, tun daga farkon ƙarni na 20. Daga baya, ya zama sanannen layin masoya ga ma'auratan birni. 

Da yake ruwan ya fito fili, jama’ar yankin sun yi amfani da shi wajen yin iyo, don shayar da shanu, don wanke dawakai da kuma kamun kifi. Har ila yau, suna amfani da ruwan ne wajen shayar da amfanin gona, da yin amfani da shi a cikin injinan masussukar iskar gas, yayin da a lokacin sanyi idan tafki ya daskare, sai su yanke kankara don amfanin gida, yayin da yaran ke kan kankara. Farfesa Sava Stekić, marubucin tarihin Sremčca ya rubuta cewa "sabbin da suka gwada kifi daga Rakina Bara, ba za su sake barin ƙauyen ba".  A cikin 1950s an cika shi da nau'ikan kifaye da yawa, yana mai da shi tafkin kifi. An shirya shirye-shiryen tsara bakin teku, gina gidajen abinci da mayar da shi cibiyar yawon bude ido da wurin shakatawa, amma hukumomin yankin ba su da sha'awar, don haka aka yi watsi da tsare-tsaren. 

Sremčica ta sami karuwar yawan jama'a tun daga shekarun 1970 kuma yawan ya karu daga 2,445 a cikin 1971 zuwa 13,193 a cikin 1981 da 21,001 a cikin 2011.  Yayin da matsugunin ya yi girma, sai ya mamaye tafkin kuma yankin da ke kewaye ya zama birni. Mutuwar tafki ya fara ne a farkon karni na 21.  Tafkin dai ya ragu matuka, domin a samu karin fili, sai aka tona magudanan ruwa ba bisa ka'ida ba, har ma da jefa Mercury a cikin magudanar ruwa don ya lalatar da kasa tare da kara fadada magudanar ruwa domin a samu saurin zubar ruwa. Iyalai daga gangaren da ke makwabtaka da su sun mayar da bututun najasa zuwa Rakina Bara suna zubar da matsugunan su a cikin tafki. An kuma mayar da tafkin ya zama juji, inda aka zubar da datti iri-iri a cikinsa. Yayin da tafkin ya ragu, maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da ke shigar da mafi yawan ruwa a cikinsa, a mafi yawan lokuta a cikin shekara ya daina isa tafkin saboda yana kusa da nutsewa don haka yana gudana kai tsaye zuwa cikin ƙasa ta cikinsa, a zahiri yana juya tafkin. a cikin babban cesspool. Yayin da ruwan ke ratsa cikin kasa, sai ya fadada ramukan da ke cikinsa yana haifar da tsagewar da ke cikin kasa wanda ya riga ya zama sanadin barna. Ainihin hakar ƙasa a ƙarƙashin tafkin, zai iya haifar da ɓarna a cikin motsi wanda zai binne tafkin gaba ɗaya. A cikin 2010s, Rakina Bara tana gab da mutuwa gaba ɗaya.  

## Farfadowa
An tsabtace gabar tafkin zuwa wani lokaci a cikin 2008. A lokacin, an yi nazari kan ceton tafkin. Abubuwan da aka tsara na ɗan gajeren lokaci sun haɗa da tsaftace datti daga tafkin da kewaye, zubar da wuraren da aka rufe da kuma hana gine-gine a kan gangaren saman tafkin. Bugu da ari, matakan dogon lokaci ya kamata su haɗa da nazarin sinadarai da ƙwayoyin cuta na ruwa, ƙirƙirar "filin rigar" wanda zai iya tace ruwa ta dabi'a, hanyar raƙuman ruwa don isa tafki kuma da maido da magudanar ruwa. Wani bincike daga 2012 ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a ceci tafkin tare da gina tsarin najasa da kuma sanya Rakina bara a karkashin kariya. Duk da haka, tafki da kewaye sun ƙazantu sosai, don haka ba su cika ka'idojin kariya ba. Amma ga sauran shawarwari, babu daya daga cikinsu ya juya zuwa ayyukan, saboda ko dai rashin kudi (Municipality na Čukarica) ko na hali bureaucratic "ba ta ikon" hali (birni, jama'a kamfanoni, yanayi kare hukumomin).  

Da shigewar lokaci, ruwan ya kusan bace daga tafkin kuma almubazzaranci ya fara aiki. A cikin Nuwamba 2019, masu fafutukar kare muhalli sun tsabtace rafin, inda suka sake gudanar da shi cikin tafkin. Hanyar rafin ta kasance tare da injin tono, tare da cire yumbu mai yawa, datti da sludge da tsiro na redi da blackberry daji. Matsakaicin kwararar rafin zuwa cikin tafkin ya karu daga matsakaicin , don haka bayan wata guda ruwan tafkin ya kai tsakiyar maraƙi. A lokacin hunturu na 2019/2020, har ma ya daskare. Duk da haka, da yake gindin tafkin ba a tsaftace ko bincike ba, an sake mayar da rafin zuwa cikin ramin. Za a bincika ƙasa don yiwuwar raƙuman ruwa kuma idan za a buƙaci cire sludge. 

Ya zuwa farkon 2020, an gina tsarin najasa don gidajen da ke kewaye, don haka ruwan datti ya daina kwarara cikin rafi da tafkin. An ci gaba da tsaftacewa a cikin Fabrairu 2020. Akwai shawarwarin yin toshe yumbu don toshe ramin nutsewa a nan gaba. Duk da haka, ƙarin matakai daga binciken na 2007 (binciken geodetic, nazarin sinadarai na ƙasa, hanyar shiga), ba su da hannun masu fafutukar kare muhalli kuma ana buƙatar haɗin kai daga hukumomin gida da ayyukan gama gari. 

An kusan tsaftace rafin gaba daya daga sludge a watan Janairu 2021 kuma matakin ruwan tafkin ya kai , ma'ana cewa babu ramuka a cikin tafkin da zai zubar da ruwan. An daidaita shigar ruwa a    . Matsakaicin magudanar ruwa mai tsafta shine  tsawo, kuma a maimakon gudanar da shi a cikin bututu, za a sanya takarda na musamman a cikin gadonsa don hana zubar da ruwa da kuma adana yanayin yanayin raƙuman ruwa. Kusan  an kuma cire tarkace mai kauri daga kasan tafkin. A wannan lokaci, masanan halittu sun kasa gano tushen ruwa na biyu wanda ke ciyar da tafkin, saboda an binne shi cikin lokaci. Akwai ra'ayoyin da za a zuba tsakuwa a kasan tafkin, don tace ruwa na halitta. 

A tsakiyar 2021, zurfin da ke tsakiyar tafkin ya kai , don haka aka mayar da tafkin. Wasu tsuntsaye ma sun dawo. Yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da ƙananan jiragen ruwa da yin iyo. Wasu    na duniya an yi amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar  doguwar hanya a kusa da tafkin.  An kafa "Bara Fest" na shekara-shekara a cikin 2021. A lokacin rani na 2022, zurfin tsakiyar ya kai  . An kuma tsaftace yankin sauran rijiyar ruwa, Česmica. Ducks, storks da herons sun koma tafkin. Ba a mayar da tafkin bisa tsari ba, a maimakon haka mazauna suna kawo nau'ikan kifaye iri-iri, don haka tafkin ya cika da pike, carp na kowa, irin kifi na Prussian da chub na kowa . Dole ne a mayar da samfurin kifi cikin tafkin. 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje