Gerdina Hendrika Kurtz

**Gerdina Hendrika Kurtz** an haife shi a  shekara ta (1899-1989) yar tarihi ce,marubuciya kuma marubuciyar tarihi .Ta buga a karkashin sunan **GH Kurtz** .

## Shekarun farko

An haifi Gerda Kurtz a Amsterdam,kuma ta koma Haarlem tare da danginta tana da shekaru bakwai.Ta yi karatu a makarantar ’yan mata a can, amma mahaifiyarta ta rasu sa’ad da take ’yar shekara 13,kuma ta mai da hankali ga aikin makaranta.Ta sauke karatu daga Gymnasium kuma ta wuce Jami'ar Utrecht don karanta Tarihi. A lokacin karatunta ta kan koma Haarlem sau da yawa don maye gurbin koyar da Tarihi da Geography a Gymnasium.Ta ji daɗin koyarwa,amma ba ta haƙura da yawancin ɗalibanta.Ita kanta daliba ce mai hazaka kuma ta sauke karatu cum laude a Tarihi a shekara ta 1929 (ita ce mace ta 5 da ta sauke karatu cum laude daga jami'a a Netherlands).Ta fara aiki a matsayin mai ba da agaji ga ɗakunan ajiya na Utrecht kuma ta ci jarrabawar shaidarta a cikin shekara ta 1930 a matsayin jami'in adana kayan tarihi.Ta ci gaba da aikin sa kai da koyarwa a gefe,har sai da ta sami matsayin mataimaki a Gelderse Vallei. A halin yanzu,ta ci gaba da neman matsayi a matsayin mai adana kayan tarihi.

## Alƙawari a matsayin Haarlem Archivist
Kurtz ta sauke karatu a saman ajin ta, amma ta sami matsala wajen samun aikin da ya dace.A shekara ta 1913 wata dokar kasar Holland da ke tilasta korar mata bayan an yi aure ta koma baya,amma a shekara ta 1924 an yanke shawarar korar duk wata ma’aikaciyar gwamnatin tarayya mata ‘yan kasa da shekara 45 da suka yi aure.A cikin shekara ta 1933,lokacin da Kurtz ke neman aiki,an ƙara wannan shawarar ga ma'aikatan ƙananan hukumomi.Ma’aikatan adana kayan tarihi ko dai sun yi aiki ga hukumomin kananan hukumomi ko na tarayya,don haka burinta ya yi muni sosai.Dalilan wadannan shawarwari na siyasa sune:

* Saboda yawan rashin aikin yi saboda rikicin tsakanin bellum, dole ne mata su “yi wa maza hanya” a kasuwar aiki.
* Mata masu aiki, da zarar sun yi aure, za su yi amfani da maganin hana haihuwa don samun damar ci gaba da samun kuɗin shiga, kuma irin wannan hali kawai ubanni coci a cikin manyan gwamnati ba su yarda da shi ba.
Wannan batu na biyu ya sanya ajandar siyasa bayan da mata da yawa suka fara aiki a mukaman gwamnati.  Kafin wannan batu ba a taba yin magana a majalisa ba game da matasa mata masu aikin gona ko samari mata masu aikin noma.Lokacin da ma'aikacin adana kayan tarihi na Haarlem ya mutu, majalisar birnin ta fara ƙoƙarin narkar da matsayin gaba ɗaya ta hanyar haɗa shi da ɗakin karatu na birnin.Zanga-zangar daga kungiyoyi daban-daban ta sa sun sake yin nazari don haka Kurtz na daya daga cikin 'yan takara 9 da ke neman mukamin.A matsayinta na mace ba ta kasance cikin jerin fifiko ba, amma ta san mutane da yawa masu tasiri a Haarlem kuma ita kaɗai ce ke da cancantar cancantar. Bayan ya rubuta wa ma’ajin birnin wasiƙa yana tabbatar masa cewa ba za a biya ta kuɗi fiye da guilder 2500 a shekara ba, sai aka ɗauke ta aiki.  Ta rike mukamin daga  shekara ta 1938 zuwa shekara ta 1967.

## Uwargida

Watanni shida bayan nadin ta, ma'ajiyar tarihin sun koma wurin da suke a yanzu a tsohuwar cocin St. Janskerk a Jansstraat a Haarlem.Yunkurin da kansa ya kasance wata dama ce ta sake tsarawa da sake tsara ma'ajiyar bayanai kuma Kurtz ta kirkiro nata tsarin kasida don wannan.  Kurtz ya zama sananne da Juffrouw, ko farka.Ba ta taɓa yin aure ba, amma ta taimaka wa ɗaruruwan baƙi zuwa rumbun adana kayan tarihi na birni tare da ayyukan binciken su.A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu ta rubuta wani littafi game da tarihin tarihin Haarlem, inda mummunan tasirin kewayen Haarlem da mamayar da Faransawa suka yi a rumbun adana kayan tarihi su kansu ya fito fili gare ta.Wataƙila wannan aikin ya rinjayi mata ɗaukar hotuna da yawa na Haarlem a lokacin mulkin Jamus, waɗanda yawancinsu an yi amfani da su a cikin littattafan kimiyya don rubuta abubuwa daban-daban na yaƙi.kawai ta ɗauki hotuna da yawa, ta kuma ɓoye tarihin ƙungiyoyin Yahudawa na Haarlem a cikin crypt na Sint Janskerk, tana ba su kariya a cikin shekarun yaƙi.An ce game da tarihin Arewacin Holland cewa wannan ita ce kawai cibiyar gwamnati a Haarlem ba tare da sanarwar da ke cewa "Yahudawa ba su yarda ba".

## Bayan shekaru
Gerda Kurtz a shekara ta 1982
Kurtz ta buga littafinta na ƙarshe tana da shekaru 80 kuma ta mutu tana da shekaru 90 a Haarlem na dogon lokaci.  An binne ta a makabartar Westerveld.

## Publications
Daga lokacin da aka nada ta, ta zama memba na Haarlem Historical Society kuma ta ci gaba da rubuta littattafai daban-daban.  A cikin shekaru hudu na farko ta rubuta littattafai goma.  Ga wasu daga cikin shahararrun littattafanta:
* Willem III da Amsterdam 1683-1685, 1928
* Beknopte geschiedenis van Haarlem, 1946
* Geschiedenis en beschrijving der Haarlemse hofjes, 1951
* Honderd jaar Gemeentelijke Archiefdienst Haarlem, 1957
* Kenu Symonsdochter van Haerlem, 1956
* Het Proveniershuis te Haarlem, 1979
* De straat waarin wij in Haarlem wonen;  geschiedenis en verklaring der Haarlemse straatnamen, 1965

## Manazarta