Tafiya ta hanyoyin ruwa a Kerela

Hanyoyin ruwa ko yaushe ta kasance muhimmin yanayin sufuri a Kerala. Jimlar tsawon hanyar da za a yi amfani da ita a Kerala ya kai kusan kilomita 1,900 kuma kogunan da ake kewayawa sun ƙunshi kusan kashi 54 na hanyoyin ruwa. Koguna 41 da ke gudana zuwa Yamma tare da magudanar ruwa wani sashe ne mai haɗin gwiwa na tsarin kewayawa cikin ƙasa a Kerala. A cikin Kerala sufurin ruwa ta waɗannan tashoshi galibi ƙananan sabis na fasinja ne, jiragen ruwa na ƙasa na yau da kullun, jigilar kaya zuwa PSU kamar takin zamani da Chemical Travancore, Kochi da sauransu.

Magudanan ruwa na cikin jihar suna ratsa ta yankuna masu yawan jama'a - babban har yanzu ba a gama dakatar da Canal Coast na Yamma ba (WCC). Yawancin mazauna yankin sun tsunduma cikin sana'o'in gargajiya kamar su coir, cashew, yin bulo da kamun kifi. Duk wani yunƙuri na haɓaka magudanan ruwa na cikin ƙasa zai yi tasiri sosai ga jin daɗin waɗannan mutane. Hakanan tare da Tiruvananthapuram-Kasargode Semi High Speed Rail Corridor da Babban Hanyar Kasa 66 Kanyakumari zuwa Mumbai (Trivandrum - Kasaragod shimfidawa a Kerala) WCC zai kammala hanyar sadarwa na multimodal arewa maso kudu corridor a fadin Kerala .

A zamanin kafin samun yancin kai, musamman sufuri a Kerala ya kasance ta hanyar jiragen ruwa. Cibiyoyin hanyoyin sadarwa a cikin jihar ba su isa sosai ba. Duk da haka daga baya lokacin da hanyoyin mota da na dogo suka fara haɓaka mahimmancin hanyoyin ruwa sun fara raguwa. A wani bangare na karni na 20 daukakar magudanan ruwa da suka gabata a karni na 18 da na 19 ya ragu cikin sauri. Duk da haka, a cikin karni na 21st an fara samun sabuntawa kan hanyoyin ruwa na jihar. A cikin shekarata 2005 Shugaban Indiya Shri. APJ Abdul Kalam ta gabatar da ajandar ci gaba mai maki 10 da nufin mayar da jihar ta zama cibiyar tattalin arziki nan da shekarar 2015. Duk  A cikin wannan ya ambata da ƙarfi game da yuwuwar hanyoyin ruwa na Kerala.

## Manyan hanyoyin ruwa na Kerala
Kusan dukkanin manyan hanyoyin ruwa a Kerala wani bangare ne na tsarin canal na gabar Yamma (WCC). Wannan tsarin magudanar ruwa ya haɗu da kogin baya, kogunan kogi da tsarin magudanar ruwa da mutum ya yi. Kadan mahimman shimfidar kewayawa a cikin dukkan wannan babban tsarin  Kuma shiyasa(wasu daga cikinsu suna cikin lalacewa a halin yanzu) sune kamar haka,

* National Waterway 3 - Kollam zuwa Kozhikkode - 375&nbsp;km - wanda ya ƙunshi tashar Kogin Yamma, Champakkara Canal da, Udyogamandal Canal, Lake Ashtamudi, Kayamkulam Kayal, Tekun Vembanad da masu rarraba Periyar (kogin) .
* Thiruvananthapuram – Shoranur canal - wanda ya ƙunshi tsarin kogin Bharathappuzha, Kollam Canal, Kadinamkulam Kayal da sauransu.
* Canal Canal - kusan 200&nbsp;km, Kodungallur zuwa Vatakara ta hanyar Kozhikode .
* Alappuzha-Sherthala ( AS Canal ) - 22&nbsp;km daga Vada Canal a Alappuzha zuwa tafkin Vembanad kusa da Cherthala.  
* Hanyar Ruwa ta Kasa 8 - Canal Alappuzha-Changanassery - 28&nbsp;km.
* Hanyar Ruwa ta Kasa 9 - Alappuzha-Kottayam-Athirampuzha Canal - 38&nbsp;km. Wannan magudanar ruwa na iya inganta yanayin kewayawa na kaya zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na Kottayam . Hakanan yana amfani da tsarin kogin Meenachil da Vembanad . Ya haɗa Mannanam da Kainikkara, wurin haifuwar St.Kuriakose Elias Chavara .
* Hanyar Ruwa ta Kasa 59 - Kottayam-Vaikom Canal - 28&nbsp;km.  Ya fara kusa da Kodimatha a cikin garin Kottayam kuma ya wuce ta kogin Meenachil ta Ilikkal, Thiruvaataa, Pulikkuttisseri don shiga tafkin Vembanad kusa da Cheepungal sannan ya isa Vaikom ta Thanneermukkom Bund . 
* Canal AVM (Hanyar Ruwa ta Ƙasa 13)  - 11&nbsp;km daga Colachel a Tamil Nadu zuwa Pozhiyoor a cikin Trivandrum.

### Tsarin Canal na Kogin Yamma (WCC).
WCC ita ce hanyar ruwa ta cikin kasa ta Jiha, wacce ake kera ta zuwa ma'auni na hanyar ruwa ta kasa. Wannan shine Rs 2,300-crore rupees aikin wanda aka yi niyya don yin duka 633&nbsp;hanyoyin ruwa mai nisa kilomita tare da bakin tekun Kerala daga Kovalam ( gundumar Thiruvananthapuram ) zuwa Bekal ( gundumar Kasaragod ) mai cikakken kewayawa da haɗa manyan filayen jirgin saman Kerala guda uku kamar Filin jirgin saman Trivandrum International Airport, Filin Jirgin Sama na Cochin International da Filin Jirgin Sama na Kannur ta hanyoyin ruwa ta Mayu shekarata 2020. Aikin Kerala Waterways and Infrastructure Development Ltd., Mota na Musamman (SPV) da aka kafa a watan Oktoba 2017 don bunkasa hanyoyin ruwa na cikin kasa a kan lokaci. Gwamnatin Kerala da CIAL suna da ruwa da tsaki a ciki. An danƙa wa SPV ayyuka kamar gine-ginen giciye,  Kuma zubar da ruwa, faɗaɗawa da tsaftace hanyoyin ruwa. Aikinsu na farko shi ne sabunta ayyukan 18&nbsp;km Akkulam - Kovalam stretch na Parvathi Puthannaar a Trivandrum da aka ba su a watan Mayu  shekarata 2018.  Cibiyar Tsare-tsare da Tsare-Tsare na Sufuri ta kasa, a cikin bincikenta na yuwuwar fasaha da tattalin arziki, ta ce kashi 16.6 na yawan zirga-zirgar kayayyaki ta hanya za a iya karkatar da su zuwa tsarin jigilar ruwa na cikin gida da zarar an kammala WCC.  Daban-daban na WCC daga Kudu zuwa Arewacin Kerala sune kamar haka.

* Kovalam - Aakkulam - Parvathi Puthannaar (Trivandrum) yanki
* TS Canal (Vallakkadavu - tafkin Kadinamkulam - tafkin Anchuthengu - Varkala Tunnel - Edava Nadayara Kaayal - Paravur Kayal - Kollam Canal - National Waterway 3 yana shimfiɗa har zuwa Ponnani ban da Ponnani - Shoranur stretch)
* National Waterway 3 - Kollam zuwa Kozhikode 375&nbsp;km. 
* Canoli Canal
* Vatakara - Mahe Canal - 17.4&nbsp;kilomita yana wucewa ta Thiruvallur, Maniyoor, Villiyapilly, Purameri, da Ayancherry a cikin mazabar Kuttiyadi; Edacherry a cikin mazabar Nadapuram; da Eramala da Azhiyoor a mazabar Vadakara.  Wannan kuma wani bangare ne na Vision Vadakara zuwa shekarar 2025.   
* Mahé - Valapattanam Canal - 51&nbsp;km (26&nbsp;km ya bi ta rafukan ruwa da ke da sauran 25&nbsp;km yana buƙatar yanke wucin gadi) - wannan wata hanyar haɗin gwiwa ce ta ɓace a cikin tsarin ruwan baya da ke tafiya daidai da Tekun Kerala ta Arewa don haka, babban cikas ga yuwuwar kewayawa cikin ƙasa na yankin. Wannan shimfidawa yana buƙatar ɗan adam ya yi magudanan ruwa a kan shimfida uku don haɗa tsarin kogin Mahé tare da tsarin kogin Valapattanam ta kogin Anjarakkandy, Kuyyalipuzha da kogin Dharmadom . Matsakaicin kogin Anjarakkandy daga canal har zuwa Mattanur za a yi amfani da shi don haɗa WCC tare da Filin Jirgin Sama na Kannur . Daidaiton wannan magudanar ruwa kamar haka ne, 
** Yana farawa azaman yanke wucin gadi yana farawa daga Kogin Mahé kusa da Peringathur kuma yana ƙarewa a Kuyyalipuzha kusa da Ponniam ta hanyar Palathayi, Elankode, Kannamvally da Mokery na nesa na 9.2&nbsp;km.
** Sa'an nan kuma ta ci gaba da gudana ta Kuyyalipuzha har zuwa kusa da yankunan Thalassery .
** Daga Kuyyalipuzha tashar da mutum ya yi ta 0.85&nbsp;kilomita an yi shi don magudanar ruwa don shiga cikin kogin Dharmadom wanda ke rarraba kogin Anjarakkandy .
** A cikin tsarin kogin Anjarakkandy, magudanar ruwa tana tafiya har zuwa ƙarshen tsibirin Dharmadam sannan kuma wani yanki na wucin gadi na mutum ya fara kusa da Mamakunnu wanda ke tafiya 15.&nbsp;kilomita mai tsawo ta hanyar Kadachira, Chala, Varam da Chelora kuma ku hadu da kogin Valapattanam .
** Bayan haka magudanar ruwa ta gangara zuwa ƙasa har zuwa garin Valapattanam ta cikin kogin.  http://environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/FormB/TOR/Brief_Summary/16_Oct_2018_122754223T29T5JV2Breifsummaryofproject.pdf
* Valapattanam - Neeleeswaram hanyar ruwa - 50&nbsp;km
** Wannan ita ce hanyar ruwa mafi tsayi a yankin Malabar .
** Yana tafiya daga Valapattanam zuwa Pazhayangadi na nisa na 13&nbsp;km ta hanyar saukar da rafin Valapattanam har zuwa Azhikal estuary sannan a haye kan Kogin Kuppam har zuwa Pazhayangadi .
** A Pazhayangadi yana shiga cikin *Sulthan Thodu* ko *Canal Sulthan* a 4&nbsp;km man made canal har Madayi. An kammala **Canal Canal** a cikin 1766 yayin mamayewar Mysorean na Malabar ta Sultanate na Mysore . 
** Daga Madayi hanyar ruwa ta shiga cikin tsarin kogin Perumba kuma ta fita zuwa Valiyaparamba - Kavvayi Backwaters a Kavvayi.
** Sannan ta wuce ta Ayitti ( Thrikaripur ), Padanna na gundumar Kannur - Kasaragod .
* Neeleeswaram - Bekal, Kasaragod waterway - 24&nbsp;km (kammala 140&nbsp;kilomita mai tsayi Payyoli - Bekal isar WCC).

### Canals da Waterways na Alappuzha
Alappuzha ana kiransa Venice na Gabas. Babu wani gari a Kerala da ya dogara da hanyoyin ruwa da magudanar ruwa kamar Alappuzha. Tsarin hanyar ruwa a Alappuzha ya haɓaka saboda gine-ginen birnin Raja Kesavadas a ƙarni na goma sha takwas 18. Manyan magudanan ruwa da magudanan ruwa a cikin garin Alappuzha da yankunan da ke makwabtaka da su su ne.

* AS Canal
* Vada canal
* Link Canal
* Canal na Kasuwanci
* Kottaram Thodu
* Kappirithode

### Jirgin ruwa
Har ila yau, sufurin ruwa yana wanzuwa a matsayin ƙaramin jirgin ruwa ( *kadathu a yaren gida)* a sassa daban-daban na jihar musamman akan koguna. Wannan yana sauƙaƙe tsallakawa daga wannan gaɓa zuwa wancan inda babu gadoji. Yana da tasiri mai tsada kuma ana iya kafa shi har ma a mafi girma na kogin waɗanda galibi ba su da wuraren kewayawa na yau da kullun.

Akwai kuma manya-manyan jiragen ruwa masu saukaka hatta ababen hawa don tsallakawa tashar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin jihar.

* Azhikode - Munambam Jangar Ferry
* Fort Kochi - Vypin RoRo Jangar Ferry
* Kannankadu Ferry, Munroe Island .
* Perumon Jangar, Munroe Island .
* Manjapetty Ferry a haye Periyar (kogin) .
* Chaliyam - Beypore jirgin ruwa
* Azhikal - Matool jirgin ruwa.

### Jirgin ruwa a Dam
Hakanan akwai sabis na jirgin ruwa a cikin tafkunan ruwa da yawa a Kerala. Waɗannan sabis na jirgin ruwa ana yin su ne da farko don dalilai na yawon buɗe ido. Hakanan akwai ƴan wurare kamar su Amboori, Neyyar Dam inda akwai sabis na jirgin ruwa na ƙasa ta hanyar tafki don haɗa ƙauyuka na kabilanci. Manyan wuraren jirgin ruwa na tafki sune,

* Sai Mala Dam
* Thekkady
* Kakkayam Dam
* Matupetty Dam
* Idukki Dam
* Bhoothankettu
* Sengulam Dam
* Malampuzha Dam
* Neyyar Dam
* Kallarkutti Dam
* Adavi Eco Tourism da dai sauransu.

## Muhimmanci

* Filin jirgin sama na Trivandrum shine kawai filin jirgin sama a cikin ƙasa wanda ke da alaƙa da hanyoyin ruwa, watau Canal TS .
* SmartCity, Kochi da Technopark Kollam wuraren shakatawa ne na IT guda biyu na Kerala waɗanda ke da alaƙar hanyar ruwa.
* Ramin Varkala a Kerala shine mafi tsayi kuma kawai rami a cikin hanyar ruwa a Indiya.
* Kollam KSWTD Terminal - Tafiya na jirgin ruwa Alappuzha shine sabis na jirgin ruwa mafi tsayi a Kudancin Indiya .

## Tafiya

### Sashen Sufuri na Jihar Kerala
SWTD - Sashen Sufuri na Ruwa na Jiha yana jigilar fasinjoji kusan lakhs 150 a kowace shekara ta amfani da katako / ƙarfe da fiber Glass Boats. Kimanin mutane kimanin 40,000 ke amfani da sabis ɗin su kowace rana. Yana aiki da jiragen ruwa masu ɗaukar kaya (Biyu) a cikin sabis na jirgin ruwa. Nisan aiki a kowace rana shine 700&nbsp;km kusan.

* Sashen Sufurin Ruwa na Jiha na Kerala (SWTD), yana da sabis na jirgin ruwa na fasinja a cikin gundumomi masu zuwa,
** Kollam (Tafkin Ashtamudi)
** Alappuzha (Tafkin Kayamkulam, tafkin Vembanad)
** Kottayam (Tafkin Vembanad)
** Ernakulam (Lake Vembanad, Champakara Canal da Udyogmandal Canal)
** Kannur ( Kogin Valapattanam )
** Kasaragod ( Viyaparamba backwaters ) 
* Suna da sabis na taksi na ruwa a Alappuzha . 
* Hakanan akwai sabis na motar daukar marasa lafiya na ruwa wanda SWTD ke gudanarwa. 

### Kochi Water Metro
Irinsa ne na farko a Indiya . An yi niyya don haɗawa tare da Kochi Metro kuma ya yi aiki a ƙarƙashin Haɗin gwiwar Hukumar Kula da Sufuri ta birnin Kochi . 

### Tafiyar kaya
Taki da Sinadarai Travancore yana gudanar da jiragen ruwa ta hanyar Champakkara a Kochi don jigilar kayayyaki tsakanin Ambalamedu da tashar Kochi.  Hakanan akwai motsin kwantena tsakanin Kottayam Inland Port da Tashar jigilar kwantena ta kasa da kasa, Kochi . 

### Yawon shakatawa
Ana samun Boats masu yawon buɗe ido da yawa da Kettuvallam (Jirgin gidaje) na Kerala kusa da Kollam, Alappuzha, Kumarakom, Kochi da Valiyaparamba a cikin Arewacin Malabar. Alumkadavu kusa da Karunagappalli babbar cibiyar kera kwale-kwalen gidaje na alfarma a Kerala.  Akwai sabis na jirgin ruwa da aka yi a cikin tafkunan ruwa da yawa a Kerala don masu yawon bude ido. 

## Manyan Hatsari

* 1924 Pallana Boat Accident in Alappuzha, *Mahakavi Kumaran Asan* da wasu 23 sun mutu. 
* 1980 Hatsarin Kannamaali a Ernakulam, mutane 29 sun mutu.
* 1983 Vallarpadam Accident, 18 an kashe shi.
* 1990 Peppara Dam Hatsarin, An kashe 7.
* 1991 Punnamada Accident, uku sun rasa rayuka.
* 1994 Vellayikkode hatsarin jirgin ruwa, Kozhikkode, shida samu kashe.
* 1997 Aluva Accident,4 ya mutu
* 2002 Kumarakom Boat Accident, 29 samu kashe.
* 2007 Thattekad Accident, 18 aka kashe.
* 2009 Thekkady jirgin ruwa bala'i, 31 aka kashe.

## Duba wasu abubuwan

* Kerala Shipping and Inland Navigation Corporation
* Sashen Sufuri na Jihar Kerala
* Kottayam Port

## Manazarta