Parnelli Jones

**Rufus Parnell "Parnelli" Jones** (Agusta 12, 1933 - Yuni 4, 2024) ƙwararren direban tsere ne na Amurka kuma mai ƙungiyar wasan tsere. Ya shahara saboda nasarorin da ya samu yayin fafatawa a gasar Indianapolis 500 da tseren hamada na Baja 1000, da kuma jerin Gasar Zakarun Turai na Trans-Am. A cikin 1962, ya zama direba na farko da ya cancanci sama da 150 mph (240 km/h). Ya lashe tseren a 1963, sannan ya yi fice a lokacin da ya jagoranci tseren 1967 tare da zagaye uku don tafiya a cikin motar turbine. A lokacin aikinsa na mai shi, ya ci Indy 500 a cikin 1970 – 1971 tare da direba Al Unser.

Jones ya lashe tsere a cikin nau'ikan ababen hawa da yawa: motocin wasanni, motocin Indy, motocin tsere, motocin tsakiyar gari, motocin kashe-kashe, da motocin haja.
## Aikin tuƙi
An haife shi a Texarkana, Arkansas, dangin Jones sun ƙaura zuwa Torrance, California, inda ya girma (kuma ya zauna a kusa da Rolling Hills). Abokin saurayin nasa Billy Calder ne ya yi masa laƙabi da Parnelli, wanda ya yi fatan dangin Jones ba za su gane ɗansu yana tseren motoci yana ƙarami ɗan shekara 17 ba. Jones ya shiga tserensa na farko a tseren Jalopy a Carrell Speedway a Gardena, California. Ya haɓaka gwanintar tserensa ta hanyar tsere a azuzuwan daban-daban a cikin 1950s, gami da nasarar tseren motoci 15 a cikin NASCAR Pacific Coast Late Model Series.

Babban gasarsa ta farko ita ce taken mota na yankin Midwest Sprint a shekarar 1960. Taken ya dauki hankalin mai tallata J. C. Agajanian, wanda ya zama mai daukar nauyinsa. Ya fara tsere a Indianapolis a cikin 1961.

An nada Jones 1961 Indianapolis 500 Rookie na Year, girmamawar da ya raba tare da Bobby Marshman. Jones ya jagoranci tseren a farkon tseren kuma ya yi gudu a cikin shugabannin har sai da aka buge shi da dutse, ya zubar da jini, ya ba da hangen nesa kuma ya rage shi zuwa matsayi na 12.

A cikin 1962, shi ne direba na farko da ya cancanci sama da 150 mph a Indianapolis 500, ya lashe matsayin sanda a gudun 150.370 mph (241.997 km/h). Jones ne ya mamaye kashi biyu bisa uku na farko na gasar har sai da rashin nasarar layin birki ya rage masa gudu, kuma ya tashi zuwa matsayi na bakwai.
A cikin 1963 Indianapolis 500, ya fara kan sandar. Wannan ita ce shekarar da motocin Lotus-Ford da ke da rigima suka yi bayyanarsu ta farko, kuma sun ruguza ginin Indianapolis. Kafin gasar, babban jami’in kula da gasar, Harlan Fengler, ya shaida wa ’yan wasan cewa zai yi wa duk motocin da suka yoyo mai a kan titin bakar tutar, yana mai gargadin cewa, “Kada ku yarda da ni, ku gwada ni kawai.”

Tare da dan Scotsman Jim Clark a cikin Lotus-Ford yana rufe Jones a cikin raguwa, motar Jones ta haɓaka fashewar kwance a cikin tafkin mai na waje. A lokacin ne direban Eddie Sachs ya fado a kan filin tseren da ke cike da man fetir kuma ya fito da tutar gargadi mai launin rawaya, wanda ya rage filin wasa. Agajanian, mamallakin motar Jones, ya yi jayayya da babban jami’in kula da harlan Fengler, da kada ya ba da wata bakar tuta, yana mai dagewa cewa man fetur ya fadi kasa da matakin fashe, kuma ruwan ya tsaya. Kamar yadda Agajanian ya roki Fengler, shugaban Lotus Colin Chapman ya garzaya don shiga tattaunawar kuma ya bukaci Fengler ya bi ka'idojin hana motoci masu fitar da mai. Bayan kammala tseren mintuna kadan, Fengler bai dauki wani mataki ba, kuma Jones ya ci gaba da yin nasara. Tawagar Lotus-Ford, yayin da ba su ji daɗin nuna fifikon da jami'an tsere suka nuna game da Jones da Agajanian ba, sun kuma yarda da fifikon Jones a cikin taron. Bugu da kari, jami'an Ford sun fahimci cewa nasara ta hanyar hana babban dan takara Clark ba zai samu karbuwa sosai daga jama'a ba, don haka sun ki yin zanga-zanga.

Hakanan a waccan shekarar, fitaccen mai kera abin hawa Bill Stroppe ya gina motar haja ta Mercury Marauder USAC don Jones. Jones ya ci 1963 Pikes Peak International Hill Climb a cikin motar, kuma ya karya rikodin saurin motar hannun jari.

A cikin 1964, ya lashe tsere bakwai (kuma an ɗaure don nasara) akan hanyarsa ta zuwa kambin mota na hannun jari na USAC. Ya lashe gasar tseren mota ta Turkiyya Night Grand Prix.Mercury ya yanke shawarar ficewa daga tseren motoci bayan kakar wasa. A shekara mai zuwa, Jones ya kusan lashe Indy a karo na biyu, inda ya kammala na biyu a bayan Jim Clark.

Ya lashe biyar daga cikin tara na mota na midget da ya shiga a 1966, ciki har da Turkey Night Grand Prix. Ya gama na goma sha huɗu a maki na ƙarshe duk da cewa ya fafata a cikin abubuwa tara kawai cikin 65. 

Jones's STP-Paxton Turbocar daga 1967 Indianapolis 500. A cikin 1967, ya tuka mota a Indianapolis 500 don mai shi Andy Granatelli a cikin juyin juya halin STP-Paxton Turbocar. Jones ne ya mamaye tseren amma ya fita tare da zagaye uku don tafiya lokacin da ƙaramin watsa mai rahusa ya karye. Bayan 1968, an kafa motoci masu amfani da injin turbine daga gasar.

Hakanan a cikin 1967, a matsayin wani ɓangare na kwantiragin motar haja tare da sashin Lincoln-Mercury na Kamfanin Motar Ford, Jones ya tuka Mercury Cougar don Bud Moore a cikin jerin Trans Am na shekara ta biyu. A cikin Afrilu, Jones ya yi wasa tare da abokin wasansa, abokinsa kuma abokin hamayyarsa Dan Gurney a cikin mummunan yanayi na mil 300 (kilomita 480), taron awa 4 a Green Valley, Texas a cikin zafin digiri 113, ya rasa ta inci zuwa Gurney.

Stroppe ya ba da shawarar cewa Jones ya gwada hannunsa a tseren kashe-kashe a gaban babban taron jama'a a wani bikin Kirsimeti a 1967. Da farko Jones ya ce a'a, tunda yana da datti. Stroppe ya ba da shawarar cewa watakila tseren kan hanya ya yi wa Jones wuya sosai, kuma ƙalubalen ya fara aikin Jones daga kan hanya. Jones da Stroppe sun haɗu don tseren 711-mile (kilomita 1,144) Star Dust 7/11 a cikin hamadar Nevada a farkon 1968. Jones bai taɓa kora ko fara gudanar da Ford Bronco ba. Jones ya buge busasshen wanke da sauri, wanda ya karya ƙafafun kuma ya fitar da tayoyin gaba. Daga baya Jones zai sami fitowar baƙo a cikin ainihin fim ɗin Gone a cikin daƙiƙa 60 wanda ke nuna shi da Bronco ɗin sa wanda aka sace a cikin shirin. Jones ya kamu da tseren kan hanya.

A cikin 1968, Jones ya jagoranci babban jerin direbobi bakwai da Andy Granatelli ya sanya wa hannu don tuka motocin STP Lotus 56 a cikin wani harin da ba a taɓa gani ba na ƙungiya ɗaya a Indianapolis 500. Mutuwar Jim Clark da Mike Spence, tare da mummunan rauni ga Jackie Stewart, ya ba da izinin shiga zuwa hudu. Jones, yana gwada motarsa da aka sake yi a shekarar 1967 a aikace, bai gamsu da aikin motar ba idan aka kwatanta da sabbin injina na Lotus 56 mai siffar "wedge", kuma ya yanke shawarar cewa motar ba ta da lafiya. Ya fito daga motar, wanda daga baya aka sanya wa Joe Leonard, wanda nan take ya lalata motar a aikace. Jones ya yi ritaya daga tuƙi IndyCars, amma daga baya ya yarda, "Da ban riga na ci Indy ba, ba za su taɓa hana ni daga wannan motar ba."

Jones ya shiga 1968 NORRA Mexican 1000 (yanzu Baja 1000). Jones ya jagoranci har zuwa alamar mil 150 (kilomita 240). Gidan wasan motsa jiki na Off-road Motorsports Hall of Fame ya bayyana salon tseren Jones: "Jones da Stroppe dole ne su nemo hanyar da za su ajiye motocinsu a cikin yanki guda. a babban girma gabaɗayan lokaci don ɗaukar sauƙi akan abin hawa."

Hoton Ford Bronco wanda aka fi sani da Big Oly wanda Parnelli Jones ya jagoranta a cikin abubuwan da suka faru a waje da yawa
Parnelli Jones yana tuki Big Oly a Baja 500
Jones yana da wata mota ta musamman da Dick Russell ya ƙera ta hanyar Bill Stroppe mai kama da Bronco, amma tana da sassan tseren da za su iya jure wa tsatsauran ra'ayi waɗanda motocin da ke kan hanya ke daurewa. Jones ya sanya wa motar suna "Big Oly" bayan mai daukar nauyinsa Olympia Beer. Jones yayi amfani da motar don jagorantar 1971 Mexican 1000 daga farko zuwa ƙare a cikin sabon rikodin lokacin sa'o'i 14 da mintuna 59. Wannan ita ce nasarar tseren tseren hanya ta farko ta direban Indy 500 mai nasara. A cikin Big Oly, Jones ya ci NORRA 1000s na Mexico baya-baya, Mint 400, da Baja 500, tare da wasu nasarori.

Parnelli Jones yana zaune a 1970 Boss 302 Mustang
Jones 1970 Boss 302 Mustang
Da yake nuna dogon tarihinsa tare da Ford, Parnelli ya shiga tare da Injiniya Bud Moore don yin tsere a cikin jerin Gasar Cin Kofin SCCA na Trans-Am. A cikin 1967, don taimakawa tare da ƙaddamar da abin hawa, Jones ya yi tseren 1967 Mercury Cougar. Motar ba ta cika gasa ba, duk da haka Ford ya lashe taken Manufacturers. Jones bai yi tsere ba a kakar wasa ta 1968. Jones ya koma Bud Moore da Trans-Am a 1969 don taimakawa tare da halarta na farko na Boss 302 Mustang. Haɗe tare da George Follmer, Jones ya ƙare na biyu a Gasar Direba zuwa Mark Donohue yana tuƙi na 1969 Penkse Camaro. Dukansu Moore da Jones sun yarda cewa tayoyin Firestone shine dalilin da ya sa ba su ci gasar ba saboda gajeren rayuwarsu idan aka kwatanta da Goodyear, amma saboda Jones's Firestone tallafawa, an buƙaci su. A cikin 1970, Moore, Jones, da Folmer sun dawo don mamaye lokacin Trans-Am na 1970.

Jones ya kammala aikinsa na tsere da manyan nasarori a cikin shekara ta 1973. Ya lashe 1000 na Mexico na biyu a cikin sa'o'i 16 da mintuna 42. Ya kuma lashe Baja 500 na 1973 da Mint 400 a kan titi. Jones ya yi babban hatsari a SCORE International's 1974 Baja 500, kuma ya yi nisa daga tsere na cikakken lokaci don zama mai motar tsere.
#### Takaitaccen aikin tuƙi
Jones ya yi ritaya tare da nasarar IndyCar shida da matsayi goma sha biyu, nasara hudu a cikin 34 NASCAR farawa, gami da 1967 Motar Mota 500 a Riverside, 25 fasalin motar midget yayi nasara a tseren lokaci-lokaci tsakanin 1960 da 1967, 25 sana'ar tseren mota ta ci nasara, da Tran-Am guda bakwai sun ci nasara da Gasar Direba a 1970. Nasararsa goma sha biyar ita ce ta takwas a kowane lokaci a tarihin tarihin Late Model na NASCAR Pacific Coast.

A cikin 1993, Jones ya shiga cikin Fast Masters. Ya tsallake zuwa zagayen karshe na gasar zakarun Turai kuma ya zo na 6 a gaba daya.
## Mai mota
Jones ya fara Vel's Parnelli Jones Racing, wanda ya sake lashe Indianapolis 500 a matsayin mai shi a 1970 da 1971 tare da direba Al Unser yana tuƙi na musamman na Johnny Lightning. Kungiyar ta kuma lashe Gasar Cin Kofin Kasa ta 1970, 1971, da 1972 USAC.
Jones ya mallaki ƙungiyar tseren Parnelli Formula One daga ƙarshen 1974 zuwa farkon 1976, kodayake ta sami ɗan nasara.

Jones ya koma tseren kan hanya a matsayin mai Walker Evans' 1976 SCORE truck, kuma Evans ya lashe gasar. Sun haɗu don 1977 CORE Class 2 Championship.

Jones ya mallaki motocin da suka yi nasara a aji a Baja 500 da Baja 1000. Motar sa na USC Dirt ya lashe gasar zakarun Turai biyu da Triple Crown sau uku.
## Takardun shaida
Jones yayi tauraro a cikin shirin shirin bayan Indianapolis 500 na awa daya tare da Parnelli Jones. Bob Varsha ne ya ruwaito shi, fim ɗin yana ɗaukar masu kallo a bayan fage na Indianapolis 500, ta idanu da gogewar Parnelli Jones. Baya ga Parnelli, Rick Mears, Mario Andretti, Bobby Unser, Al Unser Jr., P. J. Jones, Chip Ganassi, da sauransu ana hira da su gabaɗaya. An zaɓi fim ɗin don bikin Fim na Sun Valley na 2016, wanda Parnelli da Bob Varsha suka halarta.
## Dan kasuwa
Jones ya mallaki kuma ya gudanar da kasuwanci da dama masu nasara. Ya mallaki Parnelli Jones Inc., wanda ke sarrafa Cibiyoyin Tire na Parnelli Jones 47 a cikin jihohi hudu. Kasuwancin Parnelli Jones ya kasance sarkar Tayoyin Racing na Firestone a cikin 14 Yammacin Amurka. Parnelli Jones Wholesale ya kasance mai siyarwa wanda ya siyar da rarraba abubuwan girgiza, tayoyin motar fasinja, da sauran kayayyakin kera motoci ga dillalan taya. Bugu da kari, Parnelli Jones yana da kamfanoni masu kera dabaran tun farkon shekarun 70, z.b. Rebel Wheel co, US Mags da Kayan Aikin Racing na Amurka.
## Mutuwa
Jones ya mutu a Torrance, California, a ranar 4 ga Yuni, 2024, yana da shekaru 90.
## Kyaututtuka da karramawa
*An shigar da shi cikin Off-Road Motorsports Hall of Fame a cikin 1978.
*An shigar da shi cikin Indianapolis Motor Speedway Hall of Fame a cikin 1985.
*An shigar da shi cikin International Motorsports Hall of Fame a cikin 1990.
*An shigar da shi cikin National Midget Auto Racing Hall of Fame a cikin 1990.
*An shigar da shi cikin National Sprint Car Hall of Fame a cikin 1991.
*An shigar da shi cikin Motorsports Hall of Fame of America a cikin 1992.
*An shigar da shi cikin West Coast Stock Car Hall of Fame a cikin 2002. 
*An shigar da shi cikin USAC Hall of Fame in 2012.

## Cikakkun Sakamakon Motar Gasar USAC

## Sakamakon Indianapolis 500

## Manazarta