Tsarin Siyasan Afirka

**Tsarin Mulkin Afirka (AGA)** wata hanya ce ta tattaunawa tsakanin masu ruwa da tsaki waɗanda aka ba su damar haɓaka kyakkyawan shugabanci da kuma haɓaka dimokuradiyya a Afirka. A cikin littafin mai suna *[[Afirka|The African Union Law]]* (Ed. Berger Levrault, 2014, p.&nbsp;29) Blaise Tchikaya ya kafa hanyar haɗin kai tsakanin dandamali na ra'ayi da ake kira *AGA* da kuma sabunta dokar kasa da kasa da ta shafi kasashen Afirka. AGA shine ainihin bangare ɗaya - mai yiwuwa mafi mahimmanci - na kwanan nan na tsarin mulki na duniya.  Bugu da ƙari kuma, babban jigo ne wajen haɓaka aikin cikin gida da aiwatar da manufofin da aka zayyana a cikin maganganun shari'a da manufofi a cikin Ƙimar Rarraba ta Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka (AU).  An kafa shi a cikin 2011 AGA yana zaune ne a Addis Ababa, Habasha a hedkwatar AU tare da membobin AGA Platform na Afirka gabaɗaya.  A cikin Fabrairun 2016 dokokin tsari kan yadda AGA ke aiki bisa doka ta kasashe membobi yayin taron Tarayyar Afirka. 

## Tarihi
Tattaunawar "Tsarin Gine-ginen Afirka kan Gudanar da Mulki" ya fara ne da zama na 16 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wanda ya mayar da hankali kan taken Raba Ka'idoji na AU.   An gudanar da wannan zama a Addis Ababa, Habasha, a cikin 2011 kuma an amince da wani umarni wanda zai kafa "Gidan Gine-gine na Pan-Afrika akan Mulki".  Don ba da tasiri ga shawarar Majalisar game da Kafa Tsarin Mulkin Afirka na Pan-Afrika, Hukumar Tarayyar Afirka (AUC) ta kafa tsarin gine-ginen mulkin Afirka (AGA) a matsayin wani dandali da ke inganta hulɗar tsakanin masu ruwa da tsaki waɗanda ke aiki don haɓaka kyakkyawan shugabanci da ƙarfafa dimokuradiyya a Afirka, baya ga fassara manufofin doka da manufofin ƙasa  bayani). 

Da yake shekarar 2012 ita ce shekarar AU Raba Ƙimar Ƙimar Rarraba AU, an tura sharuɗɗa daban-daban na AU don zama jagora mai mahimmanci ga ayyukan ga ƙungiyoyi da ƙasashe na Tarayyar Afirka. A sakamakon haka, Yarjejeniya ta Afirka don Dimokuradiyya, Zabuka da Mulki (ACDEG), wani muhimmin takarda da ke nuna ayyukan AGA, an yi amfani da shi bayan an amince da shi a 2007. 

A ranar 14 ga watan Yuni ne aka kafa dandalin AGA a birnin Lusaka na kasar Zambiya domin samar da sarari a cikin tsarin AGA inda masu ruwa da tsaki da bangarori daban-daban na kungiyar AU da ke aiki a fannin Dimokuradiyya, Zabuka da Mulki ke aiki tare don aiwatarwa tare da samar da wadatattun dabi'un AU.  

A cikin 2013 duka Platform da Sakatariya sun fara aiki kuma a ƙarshe don zama na 26 na yau da kullun na Majalisar AU (Jan 2016) an amince da ƙa'idodin tsari bisa doka yana ba AGA jagorar doka kan ayyukanta.

## Buri da Makasudi/Wajibi

### Manufa
Babban burin AGA shi ne karfafa kyakkyawan shugabanci da kuma tabbatar da dimokuradiyya a Afirka.  

### Makasudai
Source:  

# Haɓaka tabbatarwa, zama cikin gida, aiwatarwa da sa ido kan kayan aikin Rarraba Ƙimar Afirka

# Zurfafa haɗin kai, daidaitawa, haɗin gwiwa da daidaita kayan kida mai ɗaiɗai tsakanin sassan AU, cibiyoyi da RECs kan dimokuradiyya, shugabanci, 'yancin ɗan adam da harkokin jin kai.

# Haɓaka ƙarfin ƙungiyoyin AU, cibiyoyi da RECs don tallafawa ƙasashe membobi don ƙarfafa mulki da tabbatar da mulkin demokraɗiyya ta hanyar aiwatar da ajandar ƙima.

# Haɓaka shigar jama'a da haɗin kai na 'yan ƙasa don samun mulkin dimokuradiyya, mulki da mutunta 'yancin ɗan adam da jama'a

# Haɗa kimantawa da bayar da rahoto game da aiwatarwa da bin ka'idodin AU game da mulki da dimokraɗiyya kamar yadda labarin 44, 45 da 49 na ACDEG ya tsara.

# Samar da tattaunawa da raba darussa masu kamanceceniya kan abubuwan da suka faru, kalubale, dama da abubuwan da ake fatan inganta mulki da dimokiradiyya a tsakanin Membobin kasashe.

# Ƙirƙirar, sarrafawa da watsa ilimi kan ajandar dabi'u na Afirka, kyakkyawan shugabanci da dimokuradiyya a Afirka.

# Samar da haɗin gwiwa tare da zurfafa haɗin gwiwa tare da Tsarin Zaman Lafiya da Tsaro na Afirka (APSA) a cikin manyan tsare-tsare: diflomasiya na rigakafi, rigakafin rikice-rikice da bayan rikice-rikice, sake ginawa da ci gaba a Afirka.

## Tsarin AGA
Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa guda huɗu sun haɗa da tsarin AGA: 

### Ka'idoji & Ka'idoji
Tushen:   

An tsara AGA a kan wani tsari na al'ada wanda Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta kafa.  AGA ta dogara ne akan maƙasudai da ƙa'idodi waɗanda aka fayyace a cikin nau'o'in Ƙimar Rarraba AU da ƙasashe membobin AU suka rattabawa hannu kuma suka rattaba hannu akan hakan, gami da amma ba'a iyakance ga masu zuwa ba:

### Tsarin AGA
Madogara:

Tsarin AGA ya ƙunshi cibiyoyi da gabobin AU masu cikakken ikon gudanarwa, dimokuradiyya, haƙƙin ɗan adam, zaɓe da taimakon jin kai. Tsarin yana da burin daidaita abubuwan da aka raba da kuma haɗa kai da hadin gwiwa a fannin gudanarwa da dimokuradiyya. Membobin sun haɗa da:

### Rukunoni da Sakatariyar
Tsarin AGA yana samun tallafi na fasaha daga Sakatariyar AGA da Rukunoni a cikin AGA. Dukansu hanyoyin hulɗa ne kuma suna haɓaka haɗin gwiwar membobin Tsarin AGA.

#### Rukunoni
Madogara:

An kafa Rukunoni a matsayin cibiyoyin haɗin gwiwa don tallafawa da cimma burin AGA. Akwai rukunoni biyar da ke mai da hankali kan fannoni daban-daban da AGA ke ciki. Waɗannan sune:

#### Sakatariyar
Madogara:
Sakatariyar AGA kamar yadda aka ambata ita ce cibiyar haɗin gwiwa ta Tsarin AGA. Tana cikin Sashen Harkokin Siyasa na Hukumar Tarayyar Afirka (AUC) kuma tana da alhakin tattarawa da sarrafa sakamakon Tsarin don gabatarwa, da kuma la'akari da Gabobin Manufofin AU.

### Cibiyar Mulkin Afirka
Majiya:

Cibiyar Gudanar da Mulki ta Afirka (APF) ita ce tsarin tattara albarkatu na AGA da aka tsara don tallafawa shirye-shiryen membobin Platform da shirye-shiryen da ke haɓaka kyakkyawan shugabanci da dimokuradiyya a nahiyar.  Ginin yana nufin haɓaka musamman:
"Ƙarfafa ƙarfin cibiyoyi da ginawa; tattaunawa don sauƙaƙe shigar da 'yan ƙasa a cikin tsarin mulkin demokra] iyya; goyon bayan fasaha ga Membobin kasashe game da amincewa, aikin gida, aiwatarwa da kuma bayar da rahoto game da ka'idodin Raba Rarraba AU; da diflomasiyya na rigakafi, sake gina rikice-rikice da kuma shirye-shiryen [ginin zaman lafiya]".
## Ayyuka

Ayyukan an raba su tsakanin ayyukan sakatariyar AGA waɗanda aka yi niyya don haɗa kai da aiwatar da ayyukan membobin dandalin AGA da kuma ayyukan membobin dandalin AGA.

Ayyukan Sakatariyar AGA sune kamar haka:

### Dabarun Haɗin Kan Matasa
An kafa Dabarun Haɗin Kan Matasa na AGA don inganta ingantaccen shigar matasan Afirka a cikin ayyukan dimokuraɗiyya na dandalin AGA musamman tare da mai da hankali kan dimokuraɗiyya, zaɓe, haƙƙin ɗan adam da mulki a Afirka. Tun da Afirka tana da mafi ƙarancin yawan jama'a a duniya Dabarun Matasa don haka tana ganin wannan a matsayin wani yanki na mai da hankali don haɓaka haɗin gwiwa da ƙungiyoyin farar hula.

Dabarun musamman suna ba da shawarar haɓaka shirin jagorancin matasa na nahiyar, kafa Ƙungiyoyin AU na Samfuri suna aiki tare da cibiyoyin koyarwa mafi girma a Afirka da kuma samar da sarari ga matsayin "jakadan matasa" na AU.

### Tattaunawa Mai Girma
Madogara:

Wannan tattaunawa ta faru a karo na huɗu a watan Disamba 2015. An kafa ta ne don ƙirƙirar taron shekara-shekara inda membobin dandalin AGA, kasashe membobi da ƴan wasan da ba na jihohi ba za su yi bayani a fili da kuma nazarin tasirin ayyukansu don ƙarfafa dimokuradiyya da haɓaka kyakkyawan mulki a Afirka. Domin ci gaba da daidaitawa da Dabarun Haɗin Kan Matasa da aka ambata a baya, AGA ta kuma gabatar da taron matasa na farko wanda ke da nufin haɓaka shigar matasa a cikin tarurruka masu girma. Batutuwan tattaunawa huɗu na ƙarshe masu girma sune:

# Nuwamba 2012 a Dakar, Senegal, kan yanayin mulkin dimokuradiyya a Afirka
# Nuwamba, 2013 a Dakar, Senegal, kuma ya mai da hankali kan haɓaka tsarin mulki da dokokin doka a Afirka
# Oktoba 2014 a Dakar, Senegal, a kan taken shuru da bindigogi: ƙarfafa mulki a cikin warware rikice-rikice a Afirka.
# Disamba 2015 a Kigali, Rwanda ta sake nazarin kuma ta magance yanayin daidaiton shigar mata da jagoranci a cikin jam'iyyun siyasa a Afirka (tare da taron matasa na farko).

### Dabarun Sarrafa Ilimi
Madogara:

A halin yanzu AGA tana aiki kan dabarun sarrafa ilimi guda ɗaya wanda ke da burin ƙirƙirar dabarun guda ɗaya don tattarawa, samarwa da yada kayan ilimi akan membobin dandalin. Har yanzu ba a sanar da ainihin abubuwan da ke cikin dabarun ba kuma ba a tabbatar da su daga kafofin waje ba.

Bugu da ƙari, Membobin Dandalin suna aiki tuƙuru wajen tabbatar da haɗin gwiwar shirye-shirye kaɗan daga cikin misalan sune:

Hukumar Afirka tana aiki tare da Kotun Afirka da Yarjejeniyar Afirka kan Haƙƙin da Walwalar Yara a kan aikin bincike na haɗin gwiwa a Sudan ta Kudu wanda ya haifar da takardar shafi 315 da ke nuna cin zarafin haƙƙin ɗan adam a kan tushen da aka sanya shawarwari masu yawa.

Ka'idojin Rahoton Jiha kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin ACDEG kuma aka kammala su tare da amincewa da ka'idodin aiki sun tilasta wa ƙasashe su gabatar da Rahoton Jiha kowace shekara 2. Har zuwa yau ba a gabatar da wani ba. Tsarin Rahoton Jiha da Hanyar yana haifar da babban hulɗa tsakanin duk Membobin Dandalin AGA musamman kamar yadda membobin kamar Hukumar ko APRM suna da tsarin bayar da rahoto na Jiha da ake da su waɗanda za a iya amfani da su kuma ta haka ne za a haifar da haɗin gwiwa a cikin ikon AGA.
## Haɗin Kai na AGA
Madogara:

Saboda yanayin AGA, akwai wurare da yawa da suka yi kama da sauran gabobin da tsare-tsare a cikin Tarayyar Afirka. Kamar yadda take wata hukuma ce ta haɗin gwiwa kamar Tsarin Zaman Lafiya da Tsaro na Afirka (APSA), suna haɗa kai da juna ta yadda dukansu sun yarda cewa mulkin dimokuraɗiyya da Zaman Lafiya da Tsaro suna da alaƙa kuma suna ƙarfafa abubuwan da ake buƙata don cimma duka biyun. Don haka AGA da APSA suna aiki kan ayyukan da ke ƙarfafa juna ta hanyar tsari kamar Task Force na Sashen Tsakanin don Rigakafin Rikici (IDTFCP).

Masu sukar sun lura cewa wannan yana da kyau a takarda amma kaɗan ne kawai ya fara aiki a cikin wannan haɗin kai. Yana buƙatar ƙarfafa raunanan alaƙa don zama masu amfani ga juna
## Nasarori

* Haɗin gwiwar Ofishin Kula da Zaɓe tsakanin Membobin Dandalin AGA
* An amince da Dokokin Aiki waɗanda suka ayyana ikon AGA a bisa doka.
* Kaddamar da Aikin 2016 - "Shekarar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Afirka tare da mai da hankali kan Haƙƙin Mata"
* Tattaunawa Mai Girma guda 4 waɗanda suka haifar da ƙarin haɗin kai tsakanin Membobin Dandalin AGA, Ƙungiyoyin Jama'a, Jihohi Membobi da Matasa.
## Kalubale da Soki
Babban kalubalen da cibiyoyin tunani daban-daban da tantancewar waje suka gano sune:

# "AGA da APSA ba su da wata alaƙa mai ƙarfi a tsakaninsu tukuna" 
# "Dokar Kafa AU ta yi nuni ne kawai ga 'mulki nagari' ba wai 'mulki' ba. Rashin bayyananne na ainihin ra'ayin mulki nagari, wanda aka kafa a cikin Dokar Kafa, zai sa AGA ta zama mara tasiri tunda 'mulki' a matsayin ra'ayi ba lallai bane ya inganta manufar AU na inganta mulki nagari."
# Hukumar AU, wacce ita ce zuciyar AGA, ba ta da tsarin gudanarwa bayyananne don haka ba ta dace ba don jagorantar shirin.
# AGA tana buƙatar kafa tsarin samar da kuɗi mai dorewa wanda zai tabbatar da tsarin da ke aiki da kyau kuma mai cin gashin kansa.
# Ayyukan haɗin gwiwa tsakanin AGA da Membobin Dandalinta har yanzu ba a bayyane suke ba musamman tare da 'yan wasa kamar APRM.

## Manazarta