Ajiya da kuma dawo da ruwa

## Ajiya da kuma dawo da ruwa
Ma'ajiyar ruwa da dawo da ruwa (ASR) ita ce allurar kai tsaye na samar da ruwan saman kamar ruwan sha, ruwan da aka kwato (watau ruwan sama), ko ruwan kogi a cikin magudanar ruwa don dawo da amfani daga baya. Ana yawan yin allura da cirewa ta hanyar rijiya. A wuraren da ruwan sama ba zai iya ratsa ƙasa ba ko kuma inda ba zai iya jujjuya shi cikin sauri ba (watau yankunan birane) da kuma inda ake karkatar da ruwan sama zuwa koguna, ruwan sama na ASR zai iya taimakawa wajen kiyaye ruwan sama a cikin wani yanki. Ana amfani da ASR don dalilai na birni, masana'antu da noma.

## A Amurka
Colorado
An shigar da rijiyar ASR ta farko tare da bawul ɗin sarrafawa na ƙasa a cikin Highlands Ranch, Colorado, a cikin 1992 don Ruwa da Tsabtace Tsabtace Shekaru.Tun daga wannan lokacin, an girka rijiyoyin ASR sama da 40 don ƙananan hukumomi daban-daban. Wadannan rijiyoyin suna da zurfin zurfi daga 1,000 ft (300 m) zuwa 3,000 ft (910 m) a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, tare da adadin alluran da ke tsakanin 100 US gal (380 L; 83 imp gal) da 500 US gal (1,900 L; 420 imp gal) a minti daya (gpm) da ake bukata.

## Florida
An yi nazarin amfani da ASR a Florida don sanin fa'idodin da za a iya amfani da su ga Everglades da sauran tsarin ruwa na Floridian a ƙarƙashin Tsarin Maido da Mahimmanci na Everglades (CERP). Za a aiwatar da kiyasin rijiyoyin ASR guda 333 a matsayin wani ɓangare na CERP kuma ana amfani da su don adanawa, magani da samar da ruwa mai yawa ga Everglades da sauran tsarin ruwa a lokacin bushewa. 

Tun daga 2004, shakku ya kasance game da fa'idar gabatar da ASR a cikin irin wannan babban ƙarfin zuwa Florida saboda galibin yanayin kasa na karst. Matsalolin da ake fuskanta na yanzu ko masu yuwuwa sun haɗa da: (1) rashin murmurewa saboda gaurayawan ruwan da aka yi masa allura tare da ruwan ƙwanƙwasa zuwa ruwan gishiri a cikin magudanar ruwa; (2) ingancin ruwan da aka rigaya ya gabatar da shi zuwa ASR; da (3) yuwuwar haɗarin haifar da ingancin ruwa saboda gaurayawan ruwan da aka yi masa allura da magudanar ruwa.[3]
Oregon
An saka rijiyoyin ASR na farko na noma a cikin Oregon a cikin kaka na 2006 kuma sun yi allurar sama da kadada 3,000 (3,700,000 m3) na ruwa a lokacin hunturu da lokutan ambaliyar ruwa ta amfani da cajin wucin gadi (AR) na ruwan ambaliya a matsayin tushen ruwa. Ana sake dawo da wannan ruwan da aka sake caja a matsayin ruwan sha kuma a yi masa allura a cikin zurfin ruwa mai zurfi na basalt.

Yayin aikin allura, ana iya samar da makamashin lantarki ta hanyar matsa lamba na ruwa da ke komawa cikin magudanar ruwa. Ana samun wannan ruwan da aka adana a ƙarshen bazara da farkon kaka don buƙatun ban ruwa.

Duk waɗannan nau'ikan rijiyoyin biyu suna amfani da bawul ɗin sarrafa ramin ƙasa. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da ASR don sake allurar ruwan da tsarin HVAC ke amfani dashi don kula da matakan ruwan ƙasa da adana bambance-bambancen zafi daga lokacin rani don dumama lokacin hunturu. Har ila yau masana'antu na iya kama ruwan sanyi mai sanyi da adana shi don amfani da lokacin bazara da kuma guje wa buƙatar sanyaya ruwa a lokacin rani don hanyoyin masana'antu. Wannan kuma na iya 'yantar da gajerun hanyoyin ruwa na lokacin rani don sauran amfani masu fa'ida. Wannan tsari na sake yin jujjuyawar yana iya guje wa farashin zubar da ƙasa da kuma guje wa ƙãra yawan nauyin zafi zuwa koguna da ƙoramu a lokacin lokacin sanyi na bazara.[4]
## Texas
Tun daga 2014, biranen Texan na El Paso, Kerrville da San Antonio sun yi amfani da ASR, suna ba da albarkatun ruwa ga waɗannan al'ummomin da ke fama da ruwa.[5] Rahoton Jami'ar Florida ya ba da fifikon samar da ruwa ga kowane mutum kowace rana don manyan biranen 225 a duk faɗin Amurka[6] Binciken ya auna ruwan da ake samu ga birane daga abubuwan da aka gina da kuma ginannun hanyoyin kamar tafki, magudanan ruwa da shigo da su. Daga cikin biranen da aka yi bita, San Antonio ya zama na ƙarshe, ko mafi rauni, kuma El Paso ya kasance a matsayin 10th-mafi muni, kodayake wasu biranen Texas sun yi jerin.[5]

San Antonio yana adana ruwan sha a cikin gininta na Carrizo ASR, wanda ya ƙunshi fiye da kadada 91,000 na ruwa kuma yana da matsakaicin ƙarfin 120,000 acre-feet.[5].

A 2010 Texas Water Development Board (TWDB) binciken da Texas ruwa utilities gano hudu farko ƙin yarda ga ASR a wasu sassa na Texas: doka da ta jiki gazawar, ingancin da dawo da ruwa, kudin-tasiri da yuwuwar ga sauran pumpers su kama da mai amfani ta adana ruwa.[5]
Virginia
A cikin yankin Hampton Roads, yankin Virginia Beach–Chesapeake-Norfolk, babban birni, ruwan sharar da aka yi da shi ana tura shi zuwa cikin Potomac Aquifer, don iyakance nutsewar da ake ciki da kuma hana gurɓataccen ruwan gishiri.[7]

## A Ostiraliya

Sabuwar dausayin da aka gina don matakin ƙarshe na maganin guguwar ruwa na birane don shirin ASR a yammacin Adelaide, South Australia[8]
A Kudancin Ostiraliya, birnin Salisbury da ke arewacin Adelaide tun daga 1994 ya taka rawa ta farko wajen tabbatar da yuwuwar kamawa da magance kwararar ruwan guguwar birni a cikin wuraren dausayi na wucin gadi, da kuma shigar da ruwan da aka sarrafa a cikin ruwa mai zurfi a cikin hunturu, don amfani da masana'antu daga baya, da kuma ban ruwa na wuraren shakatawa na birni da filayen wasannin makaranta a lokacin rani.[9] A cikin 2009 ƙarfin tsare-tsaren Salisbury ASR ya kasance kusan gigalita 5 a kowace shekara (ana tsammanin haɓaka zuwa 14 GL ta 2014) [10] kuma wannan nasarar ta haifar da sauran ƙananan hukumomi a duk faɗin Adelaide suna yin irin wannan ayyukan ASR.

A Turai
A Spain, aikin SubSol ASR yana aiki[11] kuma a cikin Netherlands, akwai aikin COASTAR.[12]
## Manazarta
http://www.baski.com/FlowControlValves.aspx
https://web.archive.org/web/20161222210107/http://www.saj.usace.army.mil/Portals/44/docs/FactSheets/ASR_FS_June2015_web.pdf
https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3128/
http://www.3rvalve.com/
http://www.trcc.state.tx.us/specialrpt/water/96-1746.pdf 
http://soils.ifas.ufl.edu/hydrology/cities/