Musulunci a Ghana

Addinin Islama yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan addinai da ake aiwatarwa a Ghana. Kasancewarsa a cikin Ghana ya faro ne tun daga ƙarni na 10. Bisa ga ƙididdigar yawan jama'a da gidaje na (Ghana Statistical Service's Population and Housing census), yawan musulmin da ke Ghana ya kai kusan 17.6.

Mafi yawan Musulmai a Ghana mabiya Addinin Sunni ne, tare da kusan kashi 20% na ƙungiyar Ahmadiyya kuma kusan 8% na mabiya addinin Shia ne. Mazhabar Malikiyya ta fikihu ita ce ta fi yawa har ayyukan Afa Ajura na kawo canji a cikin 1960s sun ga canjin canji zuwa ga koyarwar Hanbali. Sufanci, sau ɗaya da yaɗuwa, ya ɓace da yawa cikin shekaru; 'yan uwan ​​Tijaniyah da' yan uwan ​​Qadiriyah, duk da haka, har yanzu suna da wakilci a tsakanin musulmin gargajiya na ƙasar Ghana.

Duk da rikice-rikice a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka tun daga tsakiyar shekarun 1970, Musulmai da Kirista a Ghana suna da kyakkyawar dangantaka. Jagorancin Majalisar Wakilcin Musulmai ya jagoranta, batutuwan addini, zamantakewa, da tattalin arziki da suka shafi musulmai galibi ana magance su ta hanyar tattaunawa. Hukumar Kula da kuma Aikin Hajji ta Kasa ta kula da nauyin shirya aikin hajji zuwa Makka ga muminai da za su iya samun damar tafiyar. Babban Limamin kasar Ghana shine mafi girman iko kan lamuran musulmai a Ghana.

Wasu yankuna na birni da birane, musamman a yankunan da ke da yawan musulmai, suna da makarantun Islamiyya ko na larabawa da ke ba da ilimin firamare, ƙarami, sakandare da manyan makarantu.

Musulmai a Ghana sun koka daga rashin wakilci a kafafen yada labarai na cikin gida. Gidajen talabijin da gidajen rediyo galibi ƙungiyoyi ne daga kudancin ƙasar suke gudanar da su, suna watsa waƙoƙin bishara da abubuwan bisharar kirista a tashoshin ƙasa da na gida da kuma tashoshin. Babu wata tashar talibijan ta kasa ko tashoshin rediyo na kasa da ake watsawa a Dagbani, Hausa, Wala, Dyula, Gurunsi, Zarma, ko kuma duk wani yare da musulmai ke amfani da shi. Wannan kuma gurɓataccen bayanin yana haifar da musulmin Ghana da ke shiga rediyo daga mafi yawan yankunan arewacin Sahelian da ke kewaye da Yammacin Afirka tare da yawancin musulmai ko kuma asalinsu, musamman daga kasar Hausa (Arewacin Najeriya da Nijar), da yankunan da ake magana da Gur-da Mande (Mali, arewacin Cote d’Ivoire, da Burkina Faso) don labarai, karatun Al-Qur’ani, wa’azozi, al’adu da addinan da ke nuna alamun su sosai.

## Tarihin Musulunci

Addinin Sahelian na Yammacin Afirka ya gabatar da addinin Islama. Kafin wannan, ma'aikatan Da'awa sun yi tuntuba kuma sun yi rubuce-rubuce da yawa game da mutanen da suka hada da mazaunan jihohin Bonoman da ke can kasan Ghana na wannan zamani. Gabatar da Addinin Islama a cikin ƙasar ta Ghana galibi ya samo asali ne daga ayyukan kasuwanci na andan kasuwar Mande da Speakingan kasuwar Hausa.

### Yada Addinin Musulunci a Ghana
Musulunci ya yadu ta hanyoyi da yawa; Manden sun zo ne ta hanyoyin Arewa da Arewa maso Yamma na Ghana yayin da ’yan kasuwar Borno da Hausa suka fito daga Arewa-maso-Gabas. Ana tunanin Musulunci ya yi nasarar kutsawa zuwa kudancin Ghana biyo bayan "rugujewar jihohin Bono da na Begho, kuma karuwar ta samu karfafuwa ne ganin cewa cinikin bayi ya zama mai kawo riba da gasa". Bugu da ƙari, gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Biritaniya a cikin ƙarni na goma sha tara ta sanya mutane daga wasu yankuna daban-daban na arewacin arewa galibi musulmai cikin rundunar sojojin mulkin mallaka. A karshe, yawan kaura daga bakin haure zuwa gandun dajin na Ghana biyo bayan fatattakar Salaga ta 1892 ta hanyar kutsawa daga Dagomba, Namumba da kabilun Gonja sun lalata musulmin arewacin kasar yayin da suke bunkasa na kudu.

## Yawan Musulmai a Ghana

Musulmin ya fi yawa ne a Arewacin Ghana da kuma cikin al'umman Zongo da ke warwatse a cikin ƙasar. Zungiyoyin Zongo ƙauyuka ne waɗanda baƙin haure suka fi yawa daga yankunan Sahelian na Yammacin Afirka (Mandinka, Soninke, Hausa, Songhai, Fulani, da sauransu) waɗanda suka ɗauki harshen Hausa a matsayin harshen yare. Membobin kungiyar ta Zongo kuskure ne amma ana musu kallon 'yan Arewa ne. Koyaya, al'ummomin biyu sun bambanta, suna da al'adu da yare daban-daban.

Alkaluman hukumar kididdiga ta kasar Ghana sun nuna cewa kimanin kashi 25% na Musulmai ne koda yake kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna nuna adawa da wannan adadi. Hadin gwiwar Kungiyoyin Musulmai ya ci gaba da cewa alkaluman karshe da aka fitar a shekarar 2002 "suna dauke da munanan kurakurai kuma sakamakon haka ba za a iya amfani da shi a matsayin ingantattun bayanai ba don tsarawa da tsara ajandar ci gaban kasar ba". Kiran ya zo a daidai lokacin da kungiyoyi galibi daga Arewa suka roki gwamnati da ta janye sakamakon, suna nuna damuwar cewa wasu kabilun ba su da yawa a kidayar jama'a kuma ya kamata ma'aikatar ta bude hanyoyinsu don bincika jama'a. Alkaluman hukumar CIA sun nuna cewa yawan musulmin da ke Ghana ya kai kashi 16 cikin dari. Sauran asusun sun sanya adadin a kashi 35 cikin dari. Gwamnatin kasar Ghana ta ware kudade don ci gaban kasa yana da tasiri sosai game da yawan jama'a.

### Yankunan kasa
Bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a a shekarar 2017, Musulmai sun kai kusan kashi 18 cikin dari na yawan jama'ar Ghana.

Musulmai sun fi rinjaye a Yankin Arewa, babban addini a Yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya da Yankin Yammacin Yamma da yawa. Akwai musulmin da suka rage kaɗan a yankunan kudancin Ghana.

## Kungiyoyin

### Ahmadiyya
Kungiyar Jama'at ta Ahmadiyya Musulmi, wacce aka kafa a 1921, ita ce mafi dadewar al'ummar musulmai a Ghana. Musulman Ahmadi suna daga cikin mishan mishan mishan a Ghana, kuma zuwa 1957, sun musuluntar da mutane sama da 100,000 (galibi kiristoci). Mishan na farko na Ahmadi a Ghana, Maulvi Abdul Rahim Nayyar, ya zo ne bisa gayyatar da Musulmai suka yi masa a Saltpond. A kashi 16%, kasar Ghana ce ke karbar bakuncin mafi yawan Musulman Ahmadi ga mafi yawan musulman kasar.

### Sufi
Sufanci shine mafi yawan al'adun musulinci a Ghana saboda kasancewar sa da dadewa, kusanci da kuma jurewa da al'adun mutanen asalin duk da cewa basu taɓa haɗuwa don kafa ƙungiya ko haɗin kan al'umma ba. Fitattun umarni Sufaye da aka wakilta a Ghana sune Tijjaniyya da Qadiriyya. Sufanci sananne ne tsakanin baƙuwar musulmin Ghana, wanda aka fi sani da Zongos. Sufaye su ne kashi 27 na musulmin a Ghana.

### Sunni
An shigo da Musulunci mai bin tafarkin Sunni zuwa kasar Ghana a matsayin wani bangare na ayyukan kawo canji na mujaddadi dan kasar Ghana, Afa Ajura na 1940. Kamfen din Afa Ajura ya kalubalanci matsayin koyarwar darikun Sufaye kuma ya sanya shi adawa da tsarin zamantakewar Sufi da tuni aka kafa. Har zuwa shekarun 1970s sakonsa ya sami karbuwa sosai, wanda ya haifar da akasarin Musulmai, kashi 51 (2014), yanzu suna da alaƙa da Anbariya Sunni Community. A mafi yawan lokacin da aka kafa shi a Ghana, Sunni na Islama ya yada a duk faɗin ƙasar a Dagbanli - harshen asali na Afa Ajura. Kwanan nan mabiya sunni a cikin al'ummomin Zongo da ke kudancin Ghana (18% na musulmai) sun kafa kungiyar "Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaah" (ASWaJA) don isa ga masu magana da harshen Hausa. Har yanzu ASWaJ na samun kwarin gwiwa daga shugabancin iyayensu na Anbariyya, wanda Afa Seidu ke jagoranta a Tamale.

### Sauran dariku

* Shia
* Ba ƙungiya ba

## Sanannun Musulmai

* Abedi Pele
* [Sheikh Osman Nuhu Shaributu]

## Hotuna

File:Ahmadiyya_Muslims_Cemetery_toms.jpg|Makabartar Musulmi ta Ahmadiyya, Ghana 
File:Islamic_Wedding_Ceremony_in_Northern_Ghana.jpg|Bikin Auren Musulunci A Arewacin Ghana.


## Duba kuma

* Ofishin Babban Limamin Ghana

## Ƙarin Karatu
* Hanson, John H. *The Ahmadiyya in the Gold Coast: Muslim Cosmopolitans in the British Empire* (Indiana University Press, 2017).
* Ryan, Patrick J. "Islam in Ghana: its major influences and the situation today." *Orita: Ibadan Journal of Religious Studies* 28.1-2 (1996): 70–84.
* Skinner, David E. "Conversion to Islam and the promotion of ‘Modern’Islamic Schools in Ghana." *Journal of religion in Africa* 43.4 (2013): 426–450.
* Weiss, Holger. "Variations in the colonial representation of Islam and Muslims in Northern Ghana, Ca. 1900–1930." *Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs* 25.1 (2005): 73–95.
* Wilks, Ivor. "The growth of Islamic learning in Ghana." *Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria* 2.4 (1963): 409–417. online

## Hanyoyin haɗin waje
* Muslims cry foul over population figures. Amon Salo. Feb 2002
* International Religious Freedom Report Ghana 2006. US Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor

## Manazarta