Jean Kilbourne

**Jean Kilbourne** (an haife ta ne a ranar 4 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1943) malami Amurka ce, tsohuwar samfurin, Mai shirya fim-finai, marubucin kuma mai fafutuka, wanda aka sani da majagaba na sukar talla-tallace na mata da kuma bayar da shawarwari game da ilimin kafofin watsa labarai. A cikin shekara ta 1970s ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu magana uku da aka nema a makarantun koleji a Arewacin Amurka. 

An yi amfani da shirin ta ne acikin shekara ta 1979, Killing Us Softly, a fannoni da yawa na ilimi daga ilimin halayyar dan adam zuwa sadarwa na shekaru da yawa. A cikin shekara ta 2019, Jennifer Pozner ta ce abubuwan da ta samu sun fi karfi fiye da kowane lokaci.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Kilbourne a Junction City, Kansas .  Mahaifiyarta ta mutu lokacin da take da shekaru 9. Ta girma ne a Hingham, Massachusetts .  Ta fara shan sigari lokacin da take da shekaru 13. Ta gaya wa Deseret News cewa barin shine abu mafi wuya da ta taba yi. Ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Hingham a shekarar 1960.

## Ilimi da aiki
Kilbourne tana da digiri na farko a Turanci daga Kwalejin Wellesley kuma tana da digiri a fannin fasaha da digiri na biyu a fannin ilimi daga Jami'ar Boston.  

A lokacin da ta kammala karatu daga Wellesley, yana da wahala ga mata su sami aiki. Kilbourne ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da abinci kuma a matsayin abin koyi yayin da ta halarci Makarantar sakatariya don neman aiki a fagen ta. Ta bayyana aikinta a matsayin abin koyi "mai hallaka rai," wanda ke kwatanta al'adun cin zarafin jima'i. Daga nan sai ta sami aiki a BBC tana aiki a matsayin sakatariya. Acikin shekara ta 1969, ta fara koyarwa a Makarantar Sakandare ta Norwell . Bayan ta sami MA, ta koyar a Kwalejin Emerson har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1975.

Acikin shekara ta 1968, Kilbourne ya ga wani talla don Ovulen 21, kwayar cutar hana haihuwa, wanda ya ce ya yi aiki "kamar yadda mace ke tunani - ta ranakun mako" maimakon ta hanyar haila tare da hotuna na ayyuka daban-daban ga Uwar gida. Ta ce tallan ya canza rayuwarta. Ta fara kallon alamu a cikin tallace-tallace da ta gani kuma ta yanke su don sanya su a cikin firiji a gida. Ta ce ta lura da yanayin tallace-tallace da ke ƙasƙantar da mata kuma wasu suna da "mummunar tashin hankali". Daga nan sai ta sauya aikinta daga koyarwa zuwa ilimi da kuma ilimantar da jama'a game da yadda kafofin watsa labarai ke tsara al'umma.[1]

Da farko a cikin aikinta na ilimi, Kilbourne ta binciki alaƙar da ke tsakanin tallace-tallace da batutuwan kiwon lafiyar jama'a da yawa, gami da tashin hankali ga mata, rikice-rikicen cin abinci, da jaraba, kuma ta kaddamar da motsi don inganta ilimin kafofin watsa labarai a matsayin hanyar hana waɗannan matsalolin. Wani ra'ayi wanda ya bambanta sosai daga al'ada a lokacin, wannan tsarin ya zama al'ada kuma wani bangare ne na yawancin shirye-shiryen rigakafi. Ta ba da shaida sau biyu a gaban Majalisa ta Amurka kuma ta ba da shawara ga Janar-Janar biyu na Amurka game da tasirin Joe Camel, mascot mai zane-zane don sigari na Camel, a kan yara, da sauran tallace-tallace game da barasa da kuma nuna mata. Kilbourne ya ce tallace-tallace yana ci gaba da ra'ayoyin da ba za a iya samu ba kuma yana haifar da al'adun tashin hankali ga mata wanda aka nuna su da rashin mutunci. Kilbourne ya yi imanin cewa jaraba kayan aiki ne na siyasa.

Kilbourne ta kasance a cikin shirin Miss Representation na 2011.

## Karɓar jama'a da tasiri
A cikin shekarun 1970s, aikin Kilbourne ya fara sukar karuwar yanayin tsakanin masu talla don yin la'akari da mata, yanzu wani yanki mai ƙarfi a cikin sukar mata na kafofin watsa labarai. A cewar The New York Times Magazine da The Boston Globe, ta kasance daga cikin manyan malamai uku da suka fi shahara a makarantun koleji, tana magana a fiye da rabin dukkan jami'o'i da kwalejoji a Arewacin Amurka. Littafinta na 2000, Can't Buy My Love, an san shi da Kyautar Kyautattun Littattafai daga Ƙungiyar Mata a cikin Ilimin Halitta.

A shekara ta 2015, an shigar da ita cikin Hall of Fame na Mata na Kasa.

A cikin 2019, shekaru 40 bayan fitowar shirinta na Killing Us Softly, Jennifer Pozner, darektan kungiyar Women in Media & News, ta ce, "Babban batun Kilbourne - cewa talla yana haifar da yanayin al'adu mai guba wanda jima'i, cin zarafin jiki da rashin fahimta na mata yana da zurfin tunani da siyasa - ya fi tilasta fiye da kowane lokaci. "  An yi amfani da jerin a fannonin ilimin halayyar zamantakewa, Nazarin jinsi, da Nazarin sadarwa tun daga shekarun 1980. 

### Rashin amincewa
A cikin labarin 2006 "Market Feminism: The Case for a Paradigm Shift" na Linda M. Scott, Still Killing Us Softly daga 1987 an soki shi a matsayin fim din kusa da na asali daga 1979. 

Wata takarda ta 2012 da ke kira ga canji a cikin kayan koyarwa a cikin Nazarin Mata don haɗawa da nau'ikan jikin androgynous da Mata masu canza launin fata sun soki aikin Kilborne suna mai cewa "ta hanyar watsi da amincewa ko sukar haɗin jiki da jinsi, Kilbourne tana iya sauya sharuɗɗan binary da ta kafa, kuma cewa "rashin wannan zargi yana da alaƙa da gazawarta na yin tambayoyi game da hanyoyin da aka gina rukunin mata tare da wasu nau'ikan ainihi" kamar launin fata.

## Shirye-shiryen tarihi da wallafe-wallafen

### Hotunan fina-finai

* *Kashe Mu a hankali 4: Hoton Talla na Mata* (2010) 
* *Tabbatar da Mutuwa: Talla da Jaraba* (2004) 
* *Juya kwalban: Jima'i, Ƙarya, & barasa* (2004) 
* *Kashe Mu a hankali 3: Hoton Talla na Mata* (2000) 
* *Ƙarshen Ilimi* (tare da Neil Postman, 1996) 
* Slim Hopes: Talla da Mahimmanci tare da Ƙananan (1995) 
* *Matsalar Jima'i: Gina Sanarwa a Campus* (1995) 
* Kisan kiyashi: Kafofin watsa labarai da Al'adun Rikicin (1994) 
* *Kayan ƙarya: Tallace-tallace na Taba* (1992) 
* *Talla Alcohol: Kira da Shots (2nd Edition) * (1991) 
* Har yanzu yana kashe mu a hankali: Hoton talla na mata (1987) 
* Kira da Shots: Talla Alcohol (1982) 
* *Kashe Mu a hankali: Hoton Talla na Mata* (1979) 

### Littattafai

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:: Asalin da aka buga a matsayin Deadly Persuasion ta Simon &amp;amp; Schuster a cikin 1999, ta lashe lambar yabo ta Distinguished Publication daga Association for Women in Psychology . 

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Kilbourne ta yi kwanan wata da Ringo Starr a cikin shekarun 1960 yayin da take zaune a Landan. Tana cikin dangantaka da marubuci Jerzy Kosiński yayin da take makarantar digiri, wanda ta bayyana a matsayin "mafi muhimmanci a rayuwarta".   Daga baya ta sadu da mawaki Thomas Lux yayin aiki a Emerson. Sun yi aure kuma suna da ɗa ɗaya kafin su sake aure. Lux ya mutu a shekara ta 2017. 

## Manazarta