open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Bekwai

**Bɛkwae (Bekwai** / ( / bæk ˈwaɪ / ⓘ ) birni ne kuma babban birnin karamar hukumar Bekwai, gunduma a yankin Ashanti na Ghana.  Bekwai ita ce mazauni saba'in da tara mafi yawan jama'a a Ghana, mai yawan jama'a 7,267 a shekarar 2013.  Bekwai da Bekwai Municipal suna kudancin Kumasi da arewacin Obuasi .  Tun daga shekarar 2021, shugaban karamar hukumar shine Hon. Kwaku Kyei Baffour. 

## Yanayin ƙasa

### Yankin gari
Bekwai yana cikin gundumar Bekwai, wanda ya mamaye fili mai girman    . Gundumar ta yi iyaka da gundumar Bosomtwe zuwa arewa, gundumar Adansi ta Arewa zuwa kudu, gundumar Bosome Freho daga gabas da gundumar Amansie ta tsakiya da gundumar Amansie ta yamma zuwa yamma.  

### Yanayin ƙasa
Garin yana cikin yankin gandun daji tare da kasancewa mai laushi, tare da matsakaicin tsawo tsakanin 150 da 300   yayin da tsawo na garin ya kasance daga 240 zuwa 300  . 

### Yanayi
Bekwai yana da Yanayin savanna na wurare masu zafi (Köppen climate classification *Aw*), yana fuskantar lokacin ruwan sama na tsawon shekara wanda ya kai ga Yuni, Satumba, da Oktoba. Saboda wannan yanayin ruwan sama, noma a cikin garin yana da manyan lokutan amfanin gona da ƙananan lokutan ambaliyar. Yanayin shine mafi bushewa a watan Disamba da Janairu tare da ƙananan danshi yayin da lokacin ruwan sama ke fuskantar kusan kashi 85% na danshi. Matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin jiki yana kusa da  ° C (90 ° F). 

## Yawan jama'a
Yawancin mutanen Bekwai sun yi rajista ga Kristanci, sannan Musulunci da addinan gargajiya na Afirka suka biyo baya. Akwai kabilun da yawa da suka zauna a garin tare da mafi yawan mutanen Akan, sannan Ewe, Guan (Guang), Mandé, Gurma, Gurunsi, Mole-Dagbon suka biyo baya. : 31, 4 

## Gudanarwa
Garin yana da tsarin gwamnati na majalisa. An nada magajin gari (shugaban zartarwa) a matsayin shugaban kasar Ghana kuma majalisar gari, Majalisar Birnin Bekwai ta amince da shi. Ya zuwa 2021, magajin gari na yanzu shine Hon. Kwaku Kyei Baffour . 

## Tattalin Arziki
Yawancin jama'a suna aikin noma, sun kai kusan 65.5% na dukkan gidaje. Yanayin yanayi mai kyau tare da ƙasa mai kyau na iya taimakawa ga shahararren noma a yankin. : xii, 5

## Sadarwa
Akwai jimlar layin tarho 27,000 da aka shigar a ko'ina cikin Bekwai tare da gari. : 42, 43 

## Kula da lafiya
Garin yana da asibitin Bekwai Municipal, wani wurin gado 120 wanda aka ba da izini a watan Nuwamba 2020 bayan jinkiri mai yawa. Ginin ya fara ne a farkon shekarun 1970s, ya zo da jimlar US $ . Gidan yana dauke da sashen marasa lafiya, sashin gaggawa, da sashen physiotherapy.

Wadannan sune jerin makarantun sakandare a Bekwai: 

* Makarantar Sakandare ta Adventist ta Bakwai
* Makarantar Sakandare ta Wesley
* Kwalejin Lissafi
* Babban Makarantar St. John
* Makarantar Kasa da Kasa ta Otumfuo Osei Tutu II, Bekwai
* Makarantar Kasashen Duniya ta Victory, Bekwai
* Makarantar Kasa da Kasa ta Tsakiya, Bekwai
* Jehova Nissi Shirye-shiryen da JHS
* Kwalejin Shirye-shiryen Milli-Isaac Bekwai
* Makarantar Shirye-shiryen Adventist Bekwai Tunsuom
* Nana Kodom Cibiyar Ilimi ta Senfi

## Tashar jirgin kasa

## Dubi kuma

* Tashoshin jirgin kasa a Ghana

## Manazarta
Gundumar Asuogyaman

**Gundumar Asuogyaman** tana ɗaya daga cikin gundumomi talatin da uku a Yankin Gabas, Ghana .  Asalin da aka kirkira a matsayin taron gundumar talakawa a shekarar 1988, wanda aka kirkira daga tsohuwar Majalisar Gundumar Kaoga. Taron gundumar yana cikin gabashin yankin Gabas kuma yana da Atimpoku a matsayin babban birninta.

## Dam din Akosombo
Gundumar Asuogyaman ita ce wurin madatsar ruwa a Kudancin Ghana, madatsar ruwan Akosombo, a garin Akosombo . Bugu da ƙari, gundumar tana da wasu sanannun wuraren yawon bude ido ban da madatsar ruwan Akosombo, gami da Tsibirin Dodi, Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Akosombo da Dodi Princess wanda ke ɗaukar masu yawon bude bude ido a kan jirgin ruwa. Gundumar tana da wasu kyawawan otal-otal kamar Volta Hotel, Afrikiko River Resort, da Royal Senchi a cikin yankunan da ke tattare da ita.
Fayil:Akosombo_dam_spilling_water.JPG|alt=The Akosombo hydroelectric dam spilling water from the spillway.| Dam din ruwa na Akosombo yana zubar da ruwa daga magudanar ruwa .
Fayil:Akosombo_Dam_hydroelectric_plant.jpg|alt=The Akosombo hydroelectric dam, seen from Volta Hotel, the most noted hotel overlooking the Akosombo Dam.| Dam ɗin ruwa na Akosombo, wanda aka gani daga Otal ɗin Volta, otal ɗin da aka fi sani da shi wanda ke kallon Dam Akosombo .
Fayil:Floodgate_at_Akosombo_Dam.JPG|alt=The Akosombo hydroelectric dam's floodgates.| Matsalolin ruwan dam din Akosombo .


## Jerin ƙauyuka

## Tushe

*  
* Gundumomi: Gundumar Asuogyaman

## Manazarta
Hemidactylus kyaboboensis

***Hemidactylus kyaboboensis*** wani nau'in geckos ne na gandun daji daga Ghana da Togo. Nau'in wurinsa shine wurin shakatawa na Kyabobo, wanda takamaiman sunansa ke nufi.   Ita ce 'yar'uwar *[[Gishiri mai ƙwanƙwasawa|Hemidactylus fasciatus]]* . 

## Bayyanawa
*Hemidactylus kyaboboensis* yayi girma zuwa matsakaicin snout-tsawon iska na  kuma matsakaicin tsayin jimlar  . Shugaban yana da fadi. Jiki yana da madaidaitan ƙugiya masu duhu da kuma fitattun fararen ratsan fari da ɗigo. Akwai maɗauri mai faɗi akan wuyansa wanda ya kai ƙananan ƙarshen rami na kunne.  

## Gida da rarraba
An tattara *Hemidactylus kyaboboensis* daga dazuzzukan dazuzzukan dazuzzukan da ke tsaunin Togo na gabashin Ghana da Missahöhe a yammacin Togo. Waɗannan dazuzzukan ruwan sama tsibiran mazaunin ne a cikin mafi ƙanƙarar Dahomey Gap .  

## Manazarta
William Edward Atherden

**William Edward Atherden** (c.1838-14 Mayu 1934) shine wanda ya tsira daga yakin Eureka Stockade.Ya fito daga Dover a Kent, Ingila.Yana da shekaru 15, ya tashi zuwa Melbourne.da kuma tare da wasu ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa, sun rabu da su zuwa filayen zinare na Victoria, suna tafiya wasu daga cikin tafiya da ƙafafu.Bayan faduwar Eureka Stockade, Atherden na ɗaya daga cikin maza 114 da aka kama.Bayan an sake shi, Atherden ya koma yin bincike kuma ya sami ɗan arziki.Komawa Ingila a shekara ta 1856 ya auri Mary Martin a shekara mai zuwa kuma yana da 'ya'ya shida.Atherden ya koma Ostiraliya tare da iyalinsa, yana sayen gonar lambu a York, Yammacin Ostiraliya.Ya kasance a Ballarat don bikin cika shekaru 50 na yakin a 1904.Atherden ya yi ritaya zuwa Osbourne Park a Perth, inda ya mutu a ranar 14 ga Mayu 1934. An binne shi a makabartar Karrakatta.

## Manazarta
The Fury of a Patient Man (fim)

Fury of a Patient Man (Spanish:  Tarde para la ira) fim ne mai ban tsoro na Mutanen Espanya na shekarar 2016 wanda Raúl Arévalo ya jagoranta, wanda taurari Antonio de la Torre, Luis Callejo, da Ruth Díaz suka fito.

Fim din ya lashe lambar yabo ta magoya guda hudu, wato Fim mafi kyau, Sabon Darakta mafi kyau, Mai ba da tallafi mafi kyau (Manolo Solo), da Mafi kyawun Fim na asali.

## Makirci
An shirya fim din ne a Madrid a watan Agusta shekara ta 2007. An daure Curro bayan ya shiga cikin fashi na kantin kayan ado. Shekaru takwas bayan haka, ya bar kurkuku da niyyar fara sabuwar rayuwa, tare da budurwarsa Ana da ɗansa, amma ya fuskanci halin da ba a tsammani ba da kuma baƙo, José, wanda zai kai shi ga hanyar da ba a sani ba, kusa da fansa.
 
## Fitarwa
Fim din ya fito ne daga La Canica Films da Agosto AIE tare da haɗin gwiwar Film Factory da Palomar, tare da shiga RTVE da Movistar+ da haɗin gwilar ICAA da Crea SGR . 

## Saki
Fim din ya fara fitowa a sashin Horizons a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Venice na 73. An kuma nuna shi a cikin sashin Discovery a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Toronto na 2016.  An rarraba ta Entertainment One Films Spain,  an sake shi a wasan kwaikwayo a Spain a ranar 9 ga Satumba 2016.

## Karɓar karɓa mai mahimmanci
Jessica Kiang na Variety ta yi la'akari da fim din a matsayin "wani ɗan ƙaramin labari ne na lalata, wanda ba shi da rikici a cikin saurin sa, tasirin yamma", duk da haka kuma tare da wani abu na mamaki.

Jonathan Holland na The Hollywood Reporter ya yi la'akari da fim din a matsayin "mai matukar damuwa da ke nuna kyakkyawan aiki, mai karfi da ke motsa shi ba tare da jinkiri ba".
 

## Sakewa
A watan Yulin 2017, Studio 8 ya sami haƙƙin sake yin fim ɗin, tare da Albert Hughes ya shirya don jagorantar kuma Kamfanin Hotuna zai haɗa kai da sakewa.

## Manazarta
Kyautar Lo Nuestro don Mata Masu Fasaha na Mexico na Shekara

Kyautar Lo Nuestro don Mata na Yankin Mexico na Shekara kyauta ce da ake gabatar da ita a kowace shekara ta hanyar sadarwar Amurka Univision . An kafa lambar yabo don sanin masu wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa na Latin. An zaɓi waɗanda aka zaba da waɗanda suka ci nasara ne ta hanyar jefa kuri'a, wanda aka gudanar a tsakanin daraktocin shirye-shiryen tashoshin rediyo na Mutanen Espanya a Amurka kuma bisa ga aikin ginshiƙi a kan labaran kiɗa na *[[Billboard]]* Latin, tare da sakamakon da aka tsara da kuma tabbatar da shi ta kamfanin lissafin kuɗi Deloitte .  A halin yanzu, masu sauraro ne ke zaɓar masu nasara ta hanyar binciken kan layi. Kyautar da aka bayar an tsara ta ne a cikin nau'in maɓallin maɓalli.

An fara gabatar da kyautar ga mawaƙan Mexico Ana Gabriel a shekarar ta 1992. Mai wasan kwaikwayo na Mexican-Amurka Jenni Rivera tana riƙe da rikodin mafi yawan kyaututtuka tare da tara, daga cikin goma. Mawakin Mexico Graciela Beltrán shine mafi yawan 'yan wasan da aka zaba ba tare da nasara ba, tare da zabuka guda goma da ba su yi nasara ba.

A cikin 2017, ba a haɗa kyautar a cikin rukunoni ba.

## Wadanda suka ci nasara da wadanda aka zaba
An lissafa a ƙasa waɗanda suka lashe kyautar a kowace shekara, da kuma sauran waɗanda aka zaba don mafi yawan shekarun da aka ba su.

## Manazarta
Tsayawa da ka (waƙar Tito Rojas)

Esperándote" ("Waiting For You") waƙa ce da mawaƙin salsa na Puerto Rican Tito Rojas ya yi a cikin kundin studio dinsa na Por Derecho Propio (1995). Alicia Baroni ce ta rubuta shi kuma ta sake shi a matsayin jagora daga kundin.  An zabi waƙar a cikin rukunin Tropical Song of the Year a 8th Annual Lo Nuestro Awards a wannan shekarar,  daga ƙarshe ya rasa "Abriendo Puertas" ta Gloria Estefan.  An san waƙar a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin da suka fi dacewa a shekara a 1996 ASCAP Latin Awards .  Ya zama waƙarsa ta farko a kan sashin Tropical Airplay .

 

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin lambobin Billboard Tropical Airplay na 1994 da 1995

## Manazarta
La Noche (waƙar Joe Arroyo)

"La Noche" (fassara "**Dare**") waƙar salsa ce da mawaƙin Colombia Joe Arroyo ya rubuta kuma ya yi. *Billboard* ta kira shi "waƙar da ta kirkiro" wanda ya sanya Arroyo "ƙaryaci mai ban mamaki a cikin salsa na Colombia".

Hip Latina ce ta zabe shi a cikin shekarar 2017 a matsayin daya daga cikin "13 Old School Songs Every Colombian Grew Up Listening To"; littafin ya rubuta cewa waƙar "mafi yiwuwa wani ɓangare ne na kowane jerin waƙoƙin Colombian na dindindin".  Viva Music Colombia ta kimanta waƙar No. 50 a cikin jerin waƙoƙi guda 100 mafi muhimmanci na Colombian a kowane lokaci.  Arroyo ta asali version ya kai lamba takwas a Panama.

Waƙar ta rufe a cikin merengue ta mawaƙin Puerto Rican Elvis Crespo a cikin ɗakinsa na uku Wow! *Flash* (2000).  Fassarar Crespo ta kai kimanin lamba 34 a kan *Billboard* Hot Latin Songs da lamba guda 8 a kan sashin Tropical Airplay a Amurka. An ba da kyautar Crespo a filin zafi / salsa a a shekarar 2002 ASCAP Latin Awards . 

Mai raira waƙoƙin dutsen Colombian Juanes ya rufe shi a cikin kundi na biyu na studio Un Día Normal wanda ke nuna muryar Arroyo daga rikodin asali. Mai zane-zane na Puerto Rican Don Omar ya samo asali ne daga "La Noche" a cikin waƙarsa ta 2003 "Dile".

## Shafuka

### Shafuka na mako-mako

#### Fassarar Joe Arroyo

#### Fassarar Elvis Crespo

## Manazarta
Richard A. Betts

**Richard Arthur Betts** MBE shi ne Shugaban Yankin Dabarun Tasirin Tasirin Yanayi a Cibiyar Hadley Met a Exeter, United kingdom.   Har ila yau, shi ne shugaba a cikin Tasirin Yanayi a Jami'ar Exeter da Babban Mai bincike na EU FP7 aikin HELIX (High-End cLimate Impacts and eXtremes). Ya kasance jagorar marubuci don Rukunin Aiki I  kuma marubuci mai ba da gudummawa don Rukunin Aiki II  na Rahoton Ƙimar Na huɗu na IPCC . Ya kasance jagorar marubuci don Rukunin Aiki II na Rahoton Ƙimar Na Biyar na IPCC .  Shi edita ne na Jarida na Duniya na Warming na Duniya,  Jaridar Environmental Investing,  da kuma Tsarin Tsarin Duniya.  An nada shi MBE a cikin karramawar ranar haihuwa ta 2019.  

Bayan karatun kimiyyar lissafi a Jami'ar Bristol, Betts ya sauya zuwa ilimin yanayi a Jami'an Birmingham sannan ya yi karatu don digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin yanayi a jami'ar Reading .  An san shi da yin hulɗa tare da masu sukar kimiyyar yanayi a kan Twitter  kuma TIME ta zaba shi a matsayin daya daga cikin 140 mafi kyawun abincin Twitter na 2012.  An ba shi lambar yabo ta 2019 Climate Science Communications Award ta Royal Meteorological Society . 

## Manazarta
Rapa (jerin talabijin)

***Rapa*** jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin ne na aikata laifuka na Mutanen Espanya wanda Pepe Coira da Fran Araújo suka kirkira kuma Movistar Plus+ ta samar da shi ne tare da haɗin gwiwar Portocabo .  Tauraruwar Javier Cámara da Mónica López. An fara shi ne a ranar 19 ga Mayu shekara ta 2022. An fara kakar wasa ta biyu a ranar 15 ga Yuni shekara ta 2023. An fara kakar wasa ta uku kuma ta karshe a ranar 12 ga Satumba 2024.  

## Farko
An kashe Amparo Seoane, Magajin garin Cedeira. Warware laifin ya zama abin damuwa ga sajan tsaron gari Maite da malamin makarantar sakandare na gida Tomás, wanda shine kawai mai shaida ga kisan.
  

## Manazarta
Ɗaya ga Dukkanin (fim na 2020)

One for All (Spanish:  Uno para todos) fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Mutanen Espanya na shekarar 2020 wanda  ya jagoranta wanda taurari David Verdaguer tare da Patricia López Arnaiz, Ana Labordeta, da Clara Segura .

## Makirci
Makircin ya biyo bayan Aleix, malamin makarantar Katalan na wucin gadi yana maye gurbinsa a wani kauyen Aragonese. Dole ne ya magance zalunci da sabon ajin sa ya yi wa ɗayan ɗaliban (Carlos) wanda ke rashin lafiya lokacin isowar Aleix kuma babu wanda yake son ya dawo.
 

## Fitarwa
Valentina Viso da Coral Cruz ne suka rubuta rubutun. Fim din fim ne na Inicia Films, Fasten Films, A Contracorriente Films, Bolo Audiovisual, Uno para todos AIE da Amalur AIE production. Tana da halartar TVE, TVC, Movistar+, Rakuten Cinema, da Aragon TV. An fara harbi ne a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2019.  Wuraren harbi sun hada da Arenys na Munt (Catalonia)  da Caspe (Aragon). 

## Saki
Fim din ya fara fitowa a duniya a bikin fina-finai na Miami a watan Maris na shekarar 2020 maimakon bikin fina-fukaki na Málaga, saboda sokewa (daga baya jinkiri) na karshen bayan annobar COVID-19.  Har ila yau, an nuna shi a matsayin fim na buɗewa a cikin 4th BCN Film Fest .   An rarraba shi ta hanyar A Contracorriente Films, an sake shi a wasan kwaikwayo a Spain a ranar 18 ga Satumba shekara ta 2020.

## Karɓar baƙi
Andrea G. Bermejo na Cinemanía ya kimanta *Fim din* 4 daga cikin taurari 5, yana ɗaukar shi "fim ne mai ban sha'awa" saboda dalilai da yawa, gami da "babban rubutun da ke tabbatar da ikon ilimi" 

Alberto Bermejo na El Mundo ya kuma zira kwallaye 4 daga cikin taurari 5 yana yabon "asalin rubuce-rubucen da ma'anar sahihanci da hotuna da halayyar masu gabatarwa suka bayar".

Jordi Batlle Caminal na Fotogramas ya kimanta shi uku daga cikin taurari biyar, yana nuna aikin Verdaguer na "gaskiya da kusa" yayin da yake ambaton tarin abubuwan da suka faru daga nau'in fim na ilimi a matsayin mummunan batu.
 

## Manazarta
Shen Zhu

**Shen Zhu** or **God Pig**, sometimes known as **Holy pig** (traditional Chinese: 神豬; simplified Chinese: 神猪; pinyin: shénzhū; Wade–Giles: shen-chu; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sîn-tu), are pigs that have been chronically fattened for use in Hakka religious and cultural ceremonies, such as the Yimin Festival and the Lunar New Year celebration in Sanxia, northern Taiwan. Pigs are fattened in a process similar to gavage to make them as large as possible in preparation for contests and awards at the festival. The heaviest pig is declared the winner and the owner may receive a prize. The winning pig and other pigs entered into the contest are ritually killed as a sacrifice to the City God or a local deity, one popular temple that continues this tradition is Changfu Temple which is dedicated to the deified Buddhist monk Master Qingshui. However, contrary to popular belief, the pig is not sacrificed to Master Qingshui, but to the mountain deities.

Bayan an miƙa shi hadaya, ana cire gashin alade mai cin nasara ko kuma a aske gashin a cikin alamu, kuma ana shimfiɗa fata a fadin ƙarfe. Ana ƙara ƙarin kayan ado, kamar sanya faya a bakin alade. Fata da aka shimfiɗa, tare da gawawwakin ko fatar da aka shimfida na sauran aladu masu kitse, ana nuna su a kan jirgin ruwa. Yawancin aladu masu tsarki sun ƙare suna da nauyin kilo 800 (1,800 , yayin da alade na yau da kullun zai yi nauyin kilo 120 kawai (260 .

## Manazarta
Addipsia

**Addipsia**, wanda aka fi sani da **hypodipsia**, alama ce ta raguwa ko rashin jin ƙishirwa. Ya haɗa da karuwar osmolality ko maida hankali ga solute a cikin fitsari, wanda ke motsa ɓoyewar hormone na antidiuretic (ADH) daga hypothalamus zuwa koda. Wannan yana sa mutum ya riƙe ruwa kuma a ƙarshe ya zama ba zai iya jin ƙishirwa ba. Saboda ƙarancinsa, cutar ba ta kasance batun binciken bincike da yawa ba.

Ana iya ganin adipsia a cikin yanayi kamar ciwon sukari insipidus  kuma yana iya haifar da hypernatremia.  Zai iya faruwa ne sakamakon abnormalities a cikin hypothalamus, pituitary da corpus callosum,  da kuma bin aikin tiyata na pituitary / hypothalamic. 

Yana yiwuwa ga dysfunction na hypothalamic, wanda zai iya haifar da adipsia, ya kuma kasance ba tare da raunin jiki a cikin hypothalamus ba, kodayake akwai rahotanni hudu kawai na wannan. Har ila yau, akwai wasu lokuta na marasa lafiya da ke fama da adipsia saboda cutar kwakwalwa. A cikin waɗannan lokuta masu ban sha'awa, marasa lafiya suna da matakan al'ada na osmolality na fitsari da kuma aikin ADH na yau da kullun.

## Manazarta
Gwajin hana ruwa

Gwajin rashin **ruwa** ko ruwa shine gwajin likita  wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don tantance ko mai haƙuri yana da ciwon sukari insipidus ba tare da sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da polydipsia ba (yanayin ƙishirwa mai yawa wanda ke haifar da yawan shan ruwa). Ana buƙatar mai haƙuri, na dogon lokaci, ya daina shan ruwa gaba ɗaya, don sanin dalilin ƙishirwa. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

Wannan gwajin yana auna canje-canje a cikin nauyin jiki, fitar da fitsari, da abun da ke cikin fitsari lokacin da aka hana ruwa. Wani lokaci auna matakan jini na ADH (ma'anar vasopressin) a lokacin wannan gwajin ma ya zama dole. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

Idan babu canji a cikin asarar ruwa duk da karancin ruwa, ana iya ba da desmopressin don rarrabe tsakanin nau'ikan ciwon sukari guda biyu waɗanda ke da tsakiya da nephrogenic insipidus.

## Manazarta
Yona Bogale

**Yona Bogale ( Hebrew   ; 1908–1987) malami Bayahude ne dan kasar Habasha kuma jigo a bainar**ama'a, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan cibiyar ilimi ta Beta Isra'ila a Habasha kuma ya yi aiki tukuru don ƙaura Yahudawan Habasha zuwa Isra'ila.  Ya jagoranci yunƙurin inganta yanayin rayuwar Beta Isra'ila a Habasha ta hanyar faɗaɗa ilimi, samar da wuraren kiwon lafiya, haɓaka aikin noma da inganta 'yancin addini. Dagewar da ya yi wajen fuskantar hamayya ya sa dubban mutanensa su cika burinsu na rayuwa na *[[Aliyah]] ,* ko kuma su koma ƙasar Is*' l. [[Isra'ila|l]].

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==

An haifi Yona Bogale a cikin 1908 a ƙauyen Wolleqa, kusa da [[Gondar|Gonder]] a Arewacin [[Itofiya|Habasha]], Babban a cikin 'ya'ya biyar na Bogale Birru da Beletu Reda, ya taso ne a cikin dangin manoma da akuya da makiyaya, amma ya nuna basirar harshe da ilimi. Tare da taimakon Dokta Jacob (Jacques) Faitlovitch da Farfesa Tamrat Emmanuel, ya kammala karatunsa na farko, kuma yana da shekaru 12, kuma yana daya daga cikin matasa da dama da aka zaba don yin karatu a kasashen waje. Bayan ya yi makarantar firamare a [[Jerusalem|Urushalima]] na tsawon shekaru huɗu, ya yi shekara biyu a makarantar sakandare a [[Frankfurt|Frankfurt, Jamus]] . Ya halarci Jami'ar Heidelberg a Jamus na tsawon shekaru biyu kuma ya kammala karatunsa na duniya a Cibiyar Ilimin Yahudawa ta Asher da ke Lausanne, Switzerland, da Alliance Francaise Universelle a [[Faris|Paris, Faransa]] . Bayan ya koma [[Addis Ababa]] a shekarar 1932, ya koyar a makarantar horar da malamai da makarantar kwana da Faitlovitch ta bude a can, daga karshe ya zama shugabanta.  Daga 1935, Bogale ya yi aiki a matsayin mai fassara ga kungiyar Red Cross ta Habasha a lokacin [[Yaƙin Italiya da Habasha na Biyu|mamayewar Italiya]] da mamaye Habasha. Bayan haka, ya koma aiki a wasu kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, kafin a nada shi a shekarar 1941 a matsayin wani mukami a gwamnatin Habasha ta Sarki Hailie Selassie na I. A shekarar 1945, ya auri [[Tayitu Kelkele]], ya kuma kafa kungiyar da ta shafe shekaru 45 tana haifuwar ‘ya’ya takwas. Bayan Habasha ta sami 'yancin kai, Bogale ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban sashen fassara a ma'aikatar ilimi ta Habasha tsawon shekaru goma sha biyu. Sa'an nan, tare da haɗin gwiwar Hukumar Yahudawa, [[Sochnut Hayhudit]], Bogale ya buɗe tare da kula da makarantun Yahudawa fiye da 20 a Habasha.  Bayan mutuwar Faitlovitch.  a cikin 1955, Bogale da Tamrat Emmanuel sun zama manyan masu fafutukar kare al'ummar Beta Isra'ila. A cikin shekaru ashirin masu zuwa, ya kasance mai jagoranci wajen bude sabbin makarantu, wuraren kiwon lafiya, gidajen addu'o'i da tashoshin noma a yankin arewa maso yammacin kasar Habasha. Ayyukansa sun ja hankalin shugabannin addinai da jami'an gwamnati a Isra'ila, da kuma ƙungiyoyin Yahudawa a dukan duniya, musamman game da burinsa na *aliya'' ga dukan Yahudawan Habasha.

## manazarta
Zarema Gaisanova

**Zarema Gaisanova** (  ) ɗan rajin kare hakkin ɗan adam, ɗan ƙasar Chechen . A ranar 31 ga Oktoba, 2009, wasu gungun mutane dauke da makamai sun yi garkuwa da Zarema Gaisanova a babban birnin Chechen na Grozny  a wani samame na musamman karkashin jagorancin shugaban kasar Chechnya Ramzan Kadyrov . Zarema Gaisanova ma'aikaciyar Danish Refugee Council ce a Jamhuriyar Chechen, kuma a cewar abokan aikin Zarema Gaisanova, an sace ta kuma watakila an kashe ta. 

## Kotun Turai ta yanke hukunci
On ranar 12 ga Mayu, 2016, Kotun Turai ta Turai ta yanke hukuncin biyan Yuro 60,000 ga mahaifiyar Zarema Gaisanova, Lida Gaisanova. ECHR ta yanke shawarar cewa Rasha ta keta wasu talifofi da yawa na Yarjejeniyar Turai kan ’Yancin ’Yan Adam, kuma jami’an gwamnati ne ke da alhakin sacewa da kuma yiyuwar mutuwa. ECHR ta gano: An keta Mataki na 2 (haƙƙin rai), Mataki na 3 (haramcin azabtarwa da wulakanci ko wulakanci ), Mataki na 5 (haƙƙin ’yanci da tsaro) na Yarjejeniyar Turai kan ’Yancin ’yan Adam an keta.
## manazarta
Gilbert Kwasi Agyei

Gilbert Kwasi Agyei (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1962) ɗan siyasan Ghana ne kuma mai cin nasarar lu'u-lu'u . Ya yi aiki a mazabar Akwatia a matsayin memba na majalisa ta farko ta jamhuriya ta huɗu a Yankin Gabas Ghana . [1][2]

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Gilbert Kwasi Agyei a ranar 10 ga Janairu, 1962 a Yankin Gabas. Ya halarci Cibiyar Fasaha ta Akwatia inda ya sami Babban Takardar shaidar Ilimi (GCE) na yau da kullun.

## Siyasa
An zabi Gilbert Kwasi Agyei a matsayin memba na majalisa ta farko ta jamhuriya ta huɗu a lokacin Zaben majalisar dokokin Ghana na 1992 a kan tikitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ya gaji Lionel Kofi Ablordepey na Majalisar Dinkinobho (UNC) wanda ya hau kujerar a majalisar dokoki ta 1979. Ya rasa kujerar ga Mohammed Erzuah Siam na Majalisar Dattijai ta Kasa a babban zaben Ghana na 1996. Ya samu kuri'u 22,140 daga cikin kuri'u 38,701 da aka jefa wanda ke wakiltar kashi 52.90% a kan abokan hamayyarsa Francis A. Y. Agyare-Bray na New Patriotic Party (NPP) wanda ya samu kuri'un 12,815 wanda ke wakilci 30.60%, Ernest Kwame Ampofo na People's National Convention (PNC) wanda ya sami kuri'u 2,240 wanda ke wakilcin 5.30% da Joseph Kofi Asiedu na National Convention Party (NCP) wanda ya samo kuri'u 1,506 wanda ke wakil da kashi 3.60% na rabon.

## Ayyuka
Ya kasance tsohon memba na majalisa daga 7 ga Janairun 1993 zuwa 7 ga Janairu 1997.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Shi Kirista ne.

## Manazarta
Ahmed Bilal Shah

**Ahmed Bilal Shah** (ya mutu a ranar 25 ga watan Yuni 2021) ma'aikacin lafiya ne na Pakistan-Zimbabwean kuma mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen talabijin na ZBC TV. 

## Ayyuka da asali
An haifi Ahmed Bilal Shah a Pakistan. Ya koma Zimbabwe a shekarar 1982 sannan ya fara aikin likitanci a shekarar 1987 yana aiki a asibitin Parirenyatwa.  Daga nan sai ya ci gaba da aiki a manyan unguwannin Harare kuma shi ne likita na farko daga ƙasashen waje da ya fara aiki a yankunan ƙasar.  A wannan lokacin, Shah ya tafi makarantu don gabatar da laccoci kan kyawawan halaye na kiwon lafiya. A farkon shekarun 90s, Shah ya gana da ɗaya daga cikin 'yan jaridar gidan talabijin na Zimbabwe, Reuben Barwe, wanda ya shirya hirarsa ta farko ta gidan talabijin ta ZBC kan harkokin kiwon lafiya.  Daga nan, wani ra'ayi na wasan kwaikwayo na TV ya fito. Shah ya kaddamar da shirin *ku da lafiyar ku* a gidan talabijin na ZBC wanda aka yi ta daga shekarun 1992 zuwa 2007. A cikin shirinsa, Shah ya yi hira da likitoci da dama, ciki har da likitan fiɗa na Afirka ta Kudu Christiaan Barnard, wanda ya yi dashen zuciya na farko a duniya a shekarar 1967. 

Dr Ahmed Bilal Shah ya kuma gabatar da shirin Good Morning Zimbabwe *Health Is Wealth* na ZBC wanda ake watsawa duk safiyar Alhamis. 

## Mutuwa
A ranar **25 ga watan Yuni, 2021**, Shah ya rasu sakamakon **cutar COVID-19** a **asibitin Parirenyatwa** da ke Harare, yana da shekaru **67** a lokacin. An binne shi a **makabartar Warren Hills** bisa ga Shari'a'ar **addinin Musulunci**.

## Manazarta
Tarihin taki

**Tarihin taki** ya fi dacewa da yanayin siyasa, tattalin arziki, da zamantakewa a cikin amfanin gargajiya. 

Farawa a cikin karni na 20, sinadarai da aka kirkira, taki na roba sun sake fasalin yanayin muhalli.

## Tarihi
Masarawa, Romawa, Babilawa, da Jamusawa na farko duk an rubuta su kamar yadda suke amfani da ma'adanai da / ko tururi don haɓaka yawan amfanin gonakin su. Amfani da toka na itace a matsayin magani na filin ya zama yadu. Kodayake a baya an yi tunanin cewa manufar amfani da taki na iya kasancewa kawai a baya shekaru 2,000 zuwa 3,000, yanzu an yi imanin cewa manoma na farko suna amfani da tururi don shayar da amfanin gonar su har tsawon shekaru 8,000 da suka gabata. A cikin Andes, sun yi amfani da guano aƙalla shekaru 1500, kafin ƙasashen Turai su fara shigo da shi a cikin karni na 19 don ƙaruwa da buƙatun su saboda juyin juya halin masana'antu. A cikin wannan karni, an dauki "guano" da yawa daga Peru da Chile (kuma daga baya daga Namibia da sauran yankuna) zuwa Turai da Amurka, wanda ya haifar da Yaƙin Pacific tsakanin Peru, Chile da Bolivia.

Johann Friedrich Mayer (1719-1798) shi ne na farko da ya gabatar wa duniya jerin gwaje-gwaje a kan shi da alaƙar gypsum da aikin gona, kuma masana sunadarai da yawa sun bi shi a karni na 19. A farkon karni na 19 duk da haka ra'ayoyi iri-iri sun kasance game da yanayin aiki, misali: 

### Justus von Liebig

## Manazarta
Bioeffector

A **bioeffector** ne mai m microorganism ko aiki halitta fili wanda kai tsaye ko a kaikaice yana shafar shuka aiki (biofertilizer), kuma ta haka ne yana da damar rage taki da pesticide amfani a amfanin gona.

## Nau'o'in
Bioeffectors kai tsaye ko a kaikaice suna shafar aikin shuka ta hanyar rinjayar aiwatarwa ko kunna hanyoyin halittu, musamman wadanda ke tsoma baki tare da hulɗar ƙasa-shuka-microbe. Ya bambanta da taki na al'ada da magungunan kashe kwari, tasirin bioeffectors ba ya dogara da shigarwa kai tsaye na kayan abinci na ma'adinai, ko dai a cikin inorganic ko kwayoyin halitta.

## Manazarta
Tsarin Bosch-Meiser

**Tsarin Bosch-Meiser** tsari ne na masana'antu don samar da urea mai yawa, sinadarin nitrogen mai mahimmanci. An ba da izini a 1922  kuma an sanya masa suna bayan masu gano shi, masana sunadarai na Jamus Carl Bosch da Wilhelm Meiser.  tsari ya kunshi manyan halayen daidaito guda biyu, tare da jujjuyawar da ba ta cika ba na masu amsawa. 

Gabaɗaya jujjuyawar  da  zuwa urea shine exothermic, tare da amsawar zafi daga amsawar farko da ke motsa na biyu. Yanayin da ke goyon bayan samar da urea (zafin jiki) suna da mummunar tasiri a kan daidaitattun samar da carbamate. Yanayin tsari sulhu ne: mummunar tasiri a kan amsawar farko na zafin jiki mai girma (kimanin 190 ° C) da ake buƙata don na biyu ana biyan ta hanyar gudanar da tsari a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba (140-175 bar), wanda ke son amsawar farko. Kodayake ya zama dole a matse carbon dioxide mai iskar gas zuwa wannan matsin lamba, ana samun ammoniya daga masana'antar samar da ammoniya a cikin ruwa, wanda za'a iya zuba shi cikin tsarin da yawa a tattalin arziki. Don ba da damar jinkirin lokacin amsawar urea don isa ga daidaito, ana buƙatar babban sararin amsawa, don haka reactor na kira a cikin babban tsire-tsire na urea yana da babban taskar matsin lamba.  &nbsp;&nbsp;

## Manazarta
N- (n-Butyl) thiophosphoric triamide

****'n**'- (n-Butyl) thiophosphoric triamide** (**NBPT**) shine 2" href="./Organophosphorus_compound" id="mwCg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Organophosphorus compound">mahaɗin organophosphorus tare da tsari SP (NH2) 2 (NHC4). Amide ne na thiophosphoric acid. Fararen abu, NBPT shine "mai ingantaccen taki", wanda aka nufa don iyakance sakin iskar gas mai dauke da nitrogen bayan taki. Game da tsarin sunadarai, kwayar tana da siffofi na tetrahedral phosphorus da ke da alaƙa da sulfur da ƙungiyoyin amido guda uku.

## Amfani da shi
NBPT yana aiki azaman mai hana enzyme urease. Urease, wanda ke yaduwa a cikin microorganisms na ƙasa, yana canza urea zuwa ammoniya, wanda ke da saukin kamuwa da volatilization idan an samar da shi da sauri fiye da yadda shuke-shuke zasu iya amfani da shi. Kimanin 0.5% ta hanyar nauyi NBPT an gauraye shi da urea.

## Manazarta
Lidia Yusupova

**Lidia Muhtarovna Yusupova** ( Russian   ; an haife shi 15 ga Satumba, 1961) mai rajin kare hakkin dan Adam na Rasha-Checheniya, a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin mai gudanarwa na ofishin doka na kungiyar Tunawa da Mosko ta tushen . A da, Yusupova shine darektan ofishin Grozny na Memorial. A halin yanzu, Yusupova yana kammala haɗin gwiwar doka na shekaru biyu a Moscow

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Yusupova an haife shi a russion mahaifinsa Chechen da mahaifiyar Rasha a birnin Grozny. Ta yi karatun adabin Rasha a makarantar Karachaevo-Cherkeski. Daga baya ta karanci shari'a a jami'ar Chechen da ke birnin Grozny, kuma ta yi aikin farfesa a wannan fanni. A lokacin Yaƙin Chechen na farko, ta ga bala'in yaƙi, kuma ta yi asarar abokai da yawa, maƙwabta, abokan aiki, da ƴan uwa. A cikin 2000, a lokacin Yaƙin Checheniya na Biyu, ta yanke shawarar sadaukar da rayuwarta ga 'yancin ɗan adam, ta yin amfani da ƙwarewar shari'a da gogewarta a lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe biyu don taimakawa wasu waɗanda ke cikin rikici na jini.

## Haƙƙin ɗan adam
Yusupova ya tattara shaidu daga wadanda aka ci zarafin dan adam, kuma ya matsa karar su tare da jami'an tsaro da hukumomin soja. Ba wai kawai ta ba wa wadanda abin ya shafa taimakon shari'a ba, har ma tana sanar da sauran kasashen duniya kan take hakkin dan Adam, da sojojin Rasha da 'yan tawayen Checheniya ke aikatawa. Sashen labaran BBC ya bayyana Yusupova a matsayin "mace mafi jaruntaka a Turai",  kuma wakilan kungiyar Amnesty International ma sun ayyana ta "daya daga cikin mata masu jajircewa a Turai".  Dukansu Yusupova da ƙungiyarta an zaɓi su don kyautar Nobel ta zaman lafiya .  

## manazarta
Zura Bitiyeva

**Zura Bitiyeva (1948 - 21 ga Mayu, 2003) (Cyrilic: Зура Битиева; kuma an fassara shi da Bitieva) sanannen mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam ne na Chechen wanda aka kashe shi ba bisa ka'ida ba ta hanyar abin da ake zaton shi ne [[Kungiyar kisa|ƙungiyar mutuwa]] gwamnatin [[Rasha]] a shekara ta 2003 bayan ta koka zuwa Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai game da rashin kulawa a lokacin da aka yi masa tsare shi ba bisa doka ba. An kuma kashe wasu 'yan uwanta guda uku a wannan harin.**

Bitiyeva ba shari'ar da aka ware ba ce, kuma mutane da yawa a Chechnya waɗanda suka gabatar da shari'o'in manyan take hakkin dan adam ga ECHR suma an yi musu ramuwar gayya, gami da kashe su An ɓace da karfi.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Bitiyeva a shekara ta 1948 a Kazakhstan a lokacin gudun hijira na dukan Chechen. Daga baya ta koma Chechnya, zaune a kauyen Kalinovskaya (Kalinovskaya). A lokacin yakin Chechnya na farko, ta kasance da hannu sosai a zanga-zangar adawa da yaki . A watan Fabrairun 2000, a lokacin Yaƙin Checheniya na Biyu, sojojin Rasha sun tsare ita da ɗanta Idris ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma aka kai su wurin da ba a hukumance ba da ake kira Chernokozovo, " sansanin tacewa " wanda ya shahara na azabtarwa, fyade da sauran cin zarafi.  Lokacin da ta isa Chernokozovo, masu gadi sun gaya mata cewa ba za ta taɓa barin rai ba. Bitiyeva, wanda ya yi ƙoƙari ya kare wasu fursunoni, ya shiga yajin cin abinci kuma an sake shi a cikin wani yanayi mai tsanani. Kawayenta sun taimaka mata zuwa Turkiyya, amma da lafiyarta ta dan samu sauki, sai ta koma Chechnya ta fara tattara shaidun laifukan da aka aikata kan fararen hula na jamhuriyar, tana mika wa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na kasa da kasa. A watan Fabrairun 2003, Bitiyeva ya kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar mata da suka buƙaci buɗe wani babban kabari da aka gano kusa da ƙauyen Kapustino. Ta kuma yi aiki tare da Kwamitin Uwar Sojoji na Rasha masu zaman kansu.   

A ranar 21 ga Mayu, 2003, a tsakiyar dare, wani rukuni na sama da goma da ba a san ko su waye ba, dakaru na musamman na Rasha (hudu daga cikinsu da rufe fuska) sun isa Kalinovskaya a cikin kananan motocin UAZ-452 guda biyu. Sojojin sun shiga gidan danginta suka daure, suka dunkule Zura da danta Idris, da mijinta Ramzan da yayanta Abubakar, sannan suka harbe su hudu a bayan kawunansu (Zura itama an harbeta a hannunta). Wani ɗanta ne kawai, Eldard, ya tsira daga mutuwa ta ɓuya a daidai lokacin. Masu kisan sun kuma yi awon gaba da wani kaset na bidiyo a gidan. Daga baya da safe, an kashe wasu maza biyu na yankin (Turpal Ismailov da Islambek Gadiyev) a cikin gidajensu, mai yiwuwa gungun maharan ne.  

## manazarta
Solomon Guramatunhu

**Solomon Guramatunhu** likita ne ɗan ƙasar Zimbabwe wanda ya kware a aikin tiyata da kula da idanu.  Ya halarci Kwalejin Ƙasa ta Duniya ta Waterford Kamhlaba United ta Kudancin Afirka, ya sami digirinsa na farko a fannin likitanci a Jami'ar Zimbabwe da digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin ido daga Kwalejin Royal na Surgeons na ƙasar Ingila da Kwalejin Royal na Edinburgh.

## Manazarta
Urea mai rufewa

Rufewar taki na urea rukuni ne na sarrafawar taki wanda ya kunshi kayan kwalliya na urea da aka rufe a cikin sunadarai marasa narkewa kamar sulfur, polymers, wasu samfuran ko haɗuwa. Wadannan taki suna rage wasu daga cikin mummunan bangarorin taki na urea, kamar ƙone taki. Rufin yana fitar da urea ko dai lokacin da ruwa ya shiga, kamar yadda yake tare da sulfur, ko kuma lokacin da ya lalace, kamar yadda ya kasance tare da polymers.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
Ana amfani da Urea sosai a matsayin taki na nitrogen. Babban solubility a cikin ruwa ya sa ya zama da amfani ga aikace-aikacen ruwa, kuma yana da ƙananan haɗarin haifar da ƙone taki fiye da sauran sunadarai kamar calcium cyanide ko ammonium nitrate. Koyaya, haɗarin ƙone taki tare da urea na iya zama mai girma a wasu yanayi, kamar yanayin zafi mafi girma. Babban narkewar ruwa na urea na iya zama mara amfani a wasu lokuta.

Ɗaya daga cikin takamaiman dabarun don rage waɗannan rashin amfani shine a haɗa kayan aikin urea tare da sunadarai marasa narkewa. Wadannan sutura suna ba da izinin sakin urea a hankali a cikin hanyar sarrafawa, yana ba da izini ga aikace-aikace marasa yawa.

## Manazarta
Mai sarrafawa na fitarwa

Abinci mai sarrafawa (**CRF**) wani taki ne wanda ke fitar da abubuwan gina jiki a hankali a cikin ƙasa (watau, tare da lokacin da aka sarrafa).  An kuma san saki mai sarrafawa a matsayin taki mai sarrafa kansa, taki mai jinkirin saki, taki mai saurin saki, ko taki mai saukin aiki. Yawancin lokaci CRF yana nufin taki na nitrogen. Sannu-sannu da sarrafawa-sannu sun haɗa da kawai 0.15% (562,000 ton) na kasuwar taki (1995).

## Tarihi
An fara samar da fasahar fitar da nitrogen mai sarrafawa wanda ya dogara da polymers da aka samo daga hada urea da formaldehyde a cikin 1936 kuma an sayar da su a cikin 1955. Samfurin farko yana da kashi 60 cikin 100 na jimlar nitrogen mai sanyi wanda ba a narke shi ba, kuma wanda ba a amsa shi ba (saurin saki) ƙasa da 15%. Methylene ureas, misali methylene diurea, an sayar da su a cikin shekarun 1960 da 1970, suna da kashi 25% da 60% na nitrogen a matsayin ruwan sanyi wanda ba a narkewa ba, da kuma nitrogen na urea wanda ba a amsa ba a cikin kewayon 15% zuwa 30%.

## Manazarta
Crotonylidene diurea

**Crotonylidene di[[urea]]** (CDU) wani fili ne na kwayoyin halitta wanda aka kafa ta hanyar kwantar da hankali na crotonaldehyde tare da kwatankwacin urea guda biyu. Yana da fari, mai narkewa da ruwa. CDU wani bangare ne na wasu takin mai sarrafawa.

## Manazarta
CULTAN Fertilization

**CULTAN Fertilization**, ko Controlled Uptake Long Term Ammonium Nutrition, wani nau'in takin allura ne inda ake yin allurar nitrogen da ake buƙata don shuka ta girma a lokaci guda. A lokacin CULTAN taki, ana amfani da nitrogen a alamun farko na karancin nitrogen a cikin shuke-shuke. Fertilizer ya fi yaduwa a saman filayen a cikin ruwa ko foda ta hanyar yayyafa shi.

## Yin allurar taki
Kodayake ana yin amfani da CULTAN ne kawai don aikace-aikacen nitrogen, ana iya amfani da ban ruwa na allura don wasu nau'ikan taki. Hanyar da aka fi sani da ita don yin amfani da taki a cikin ƙasa, ba tare da la'akari da nau'in sinadarai ba, ta hanyar hanyar drip. Hanyar drip ta haɗa da famfo na ban ruwa da famfo mai guba. Su biyun suna aiki a lokaci guda, sannu a hankali suna sakin nitrogen, suna barin shi 'ya tashi' daga tsarin sannan ya shiga cikin ƙasa. Idan noma a kan babban sikelin, ana buƙatar injin (kamar tractor) don motsa tsarin a fadin filin.

## Manazarta
Dimethylene triurea

**Dimethylene tri[[urea]]** (DMTU) shine mahadi na kwayoyin halitta tare da tsari (H2 (O) NHCH2) 2. Yana da fari mai narkewa da ruwa. An kafa fili ta hanyar kwantar da formaldehyde tare da urea. Dukkanin rassa da isomers na layi sun wanzu.

## Aikace-aikacen
DMTU matsakaici ne a cikin samar da resins na urea-formaldehyde . 

Tare da methylene diurea, DMTU wani bangare ne na wasu takin mai sarrafawa.

## Manazarta
Graham Hill (masanin kimiyya)

**FW Graham Hill** likitan dabbobi ne na ƙasar Zimbabwe kuma malami. Ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Zimbabwe daga shekarun 1997 zuwa 2002.  A matsayinsa na mai bincike, ya yi wallafe-wallafe a kan batutuwa irin su maganin rigakafi na rabies  da cututtukan cututtuka  carcinoma a cikin shanu,  cizon macizai na ƙananan dabbobi  da cututtuka na ƙananun hanji na karnuka. 

## Aiki
Wa’adinsa na Mataimakin Shugaban Jami’ar ya kasance yana fama da yajin aikin ma’aikata akai-akai  da kuma hargitsin ɗalibai, da jami’o’i da gwamnati da suka ɗauki matakin mayar da martani.  An zarge shi da shiga cikin tsarin ilimi don fifita manyan jami'an gwamnati. 

### Bayan yin ritaya
Bayan ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 2002, Farfesa Hill ya fara aikin noma amma ya rasa sabuwar gonar sa a lokacin da aka yi gaggawar sake fasalin ƙasa a shekarar 2005. 

## Manazarta
Masana'antar taki a Ostiraliya

**Masana'antar taki a Ostiraliya** ta kasance muhimmiyar mahimmanci ta tattalin arzikin noma na kasar tun daga ƙarshen karni na sha tara. Gabatar da taki na superphosphate a cikin shekarun 1870 ya ba da damar amfanin gona a kan ƙasa mai talauci, musamman a cikin belin alkama na Victoria, Kudancin Australia da Yammacin Australia. A tsawon lokaci, masana'antar ta fadada don haɗawa da samar da sulphuric acid, sarrafa dutsen phosphate, taki na nitrogen, da kuma kewayon sunadarai na masana'antu da ke da alaƙa da ma'adinai da bangarorin makamashi.

## Tarihi

### Asalin (1870s-1900)
Babban samar da superphosphate na farko a Ostiraliya ya fara ne a 1875 a Yarraville, Melbourne, ta Cuming, Smith &amp;amp; Co.  A cikin shekarun 1880, masana'antar taki ta bazu zuwa Adelaide, Port Melbourne da sauran cibiyoyin, galibi ta amfani da sulphuric acid haɗe da ƙurar ƙashi ko guano kafin canzawa zuwa dutsen phosphate da aka shigo da shi. 

## Manazarta
Amfani da taki a Nepal

Aikin noma shine babban mai ba da gudummawa ga tattalin arzikin Nepal kuma taki suna taka muhimmiyar rawa. Matsakaicin abin da ake buƙata na taki na shekara-shekara a Nepal don sake cika abinci mai gina jiki na ƙasa shine 310 kg a kowace hekta amma kawai 29 kg na taki an kara shi a cikin ƙasa. Kashi hamsin cikin dari na asarar abinci mai gina jiki daga ƙasa yana faruwa a lokacin farkon ruwan sama.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Amfani da taki sabo ne a Nepal. Har zuwa shekarun 1950, ba a yi amfani da taki na sinadarai a Nepal kuma duk taki suna da kwayoyin halitta, an samar da su a cikin gida. : 34 A halin yanzu, ana amfani da taki na kwayoyin halitta da na sinadarai.

## takin zamani
Ana samar da taki na kwayoyin halitta a cikin gida ta hanyar sake amfani da sharar gona da sharar dabbobi. A cikin gonakin tsaunuka, man fetur da man fetur na gonar sune tushen gargajiya na taki. Gwamnati na tallafawa amfani da taki na kwayoyin halitta. Ya karɓi manufofi don inganta taki na kwayoyin halitta. Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona tana ba da tallafi ga manoma da ke sayen taki na kwayoyin a cikin NPR 10 a kowace kilo ko 50% na farashin tallace-tallace duk wanda yake ƙasa. Hakazalika, ana kuma tallafawa masana'antar samar da taki ta hanyar samar da kashi 50% na farashin.

## Manazarta
Ƙonewar mai amfani

Rashin ƙonewar taki yana faruwa ne lokacin da yin amfani da taki mai yawa, nau'in taki mara kyau, ko ruwa kaɗan tare da taki yana haifar da lalacewar shuka. Kodayake ana amfani da taki don taimakawa shuka girma ta hanyar samar da abubuwan gina jiki, da yawa zai haifar da gishiri, nitrogen, ko ammoniya wanda ke da mummunar tasiri ga shuka. Yawan waɗannan abubuwan gina jiki na iya lalata ikon shuka na photosynthesize da numfashi na sel, yana haifar da ƙonewa. Ƙarfin ƙonewa yana ƙayyade dabarun murmurewa.

## Tarihi
Fertilizers suna dauke da abubuwan gina jiki waɗanda ke kara girman shuke-shuke ta hanyar kara yawan photosynthesis (tsarin da shuke-tsire ke shan ruwa da abubuwan gina ciki don ƙirƙirar sukari) da numfashi na salula (tsarin wanda aka karya carbon dioxide da sukari don amfani da su azaman makamashi, sakin iskar oxygen). Abinci da ruwa suna shiga cikin shuka ta hanyar membranes na tushen shuke-shuke (kulle da ke raba ciki na sel na tushen daga waje) ta hanyar osmosis (motsi na ruwa da ƙananan abubuwan gina jiki ta hanyar membrane don daidaita maida hankali ga abu a kowane gefen membrane). Rashin ƙonewar mai amfani yana faruwa ne lokacin da amfani da taki ya hana hanyoyin da ke sama daga aiki daidai kuma ya lalata shuka.

## Manazarta
Abinci mai narkewa

taki mai laushi wani nau'in taki ne wanda ke da yawa a cikin acidity. Ana amfani dashi a kan tsire-tsire daga dangin shuka Ericaceae (Azaleas da Blueberries misali) wanda ke bunƙasa a cikin ƙasa mai ƙamshi.

## Manazarta
Taimako na man fetur a Afirka ta Kudu

Ra'ayoyi game da rawar da tallafi taki ke takawa wajen bunkasa ci gaban noma a Afirka ta Kudu sun sauya sosai a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata. Masana da yawa sun yi imanin cewa tallafin taki yana wakiltar hanya mai mahimmanci don cimma tsaron abinci na dogon lokaci a Afirka ta Kudu, yayin da yake ba da tallafin zamantakewa ga manoma mafi talauci a Afirka. Duk da haka tsarin tallafin duniya da ya gabata ya ji daɗin matsakaiciyar nasara, wanda ya haifar da damuwa game da ko tallafin cinikayya da aka gabatar na iya haifar da tsarin aikin gona mai ɗorewa. Sabbin ayyuka wajen samar da karin tallafin da aka yi niyya na iya zama mabuɗin samun nasara mai dorewa.

## Dalilin da ya sa aka yi amfani da shi
Duk da fa'idodi masu yuwuwa ga amfanin gona, aikace-aikacen taki na inorganic a Afirka ta Kudu ya kasance a bayan wasu yankuna masu tasowa. Matsakaicin aikace-aikace a Afirka ta Kudu ya kasa da 10 kg a kowace hekta, yayin da matsakaicin aikace'aikace a Latin Amurka da Kudancin Asiya kusan 140 kg a kowace hectare ne. Amfani da taki mara kyau ko mara inganci na iya haifar da ilimin manoma mara cikakke game da fa'idodi ko dabarun aikace-aikacen da suka dace, kudade marasa isasshen (ruwa), ko ƙin haɗarin da ke tattare da saka hannun jari a cikin sabon shigarwa. Masu goyon bayan tallafi suna jayayya cewa za su iya taimakawa wajen rage waɗannan yanayi da kawo amfani da taki har zuwa matakan da suka fi dacewa.&nbsp;&nbsp;

* Taimako na aikin gona
* Aikin noma na rayuwa # Aikin noma mai yawa
* Yarjejeniyar Washington
* IFPRI
* Fertilizer #Inorganic taki (synthetic taki) 

## Manazarta
Tsarin Frank-Caro

**Tsarin Frank-Caro**, wanda kuma ake kira **Tsarin cyanamide**, shine aikin nitrogen na calcium carbide tare da iskar nitrogen a cikin jirgin ruwa a kusan 1,000 ° C. Halin yana da zafi kuma yana riƙe da kansa da zarar an kai ga zafin jiki. Asalin martani ya faru ne a cikin manyan silinda na ƙarfe tare da ɓangaren juriya na lantarki wanda ke ba da zafi na farko don fara aikin. Fitar da zamani yana amfani da murhun juyawa. Haɗin yana samar da cakuda mai ƙarfi na calcium cyanamide (CaCN2), wanda aka fi sani da nitrolime, da carb

## Tarihi
Tsarin Frank-Caro shine tsarin kasuwanci na farko da aka yi amfani da shi a duk duniya don gyara nitrogen na yanayi. An yi amfani da samfurin a matsayin taki kuma an san shi da *Lime-Nitrogen*. *Nitrolim* ko *Kalkstickstoff* a cikin Jamusanci. Masana kimiyyar Jamus Adolph Frank da Nikodem Caro ne suka kirkiro wannan hanyar tsakanin 1895 da 1899. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, kasuwar duniya don taki na inorganic ta mamaye masana'antun da ke amfani da tsarin cyanamide.

## Manazarta
Cibiyar Ci gaban Fertilizer ta Duniya

**Cibiyar Ci gaban Fertilizer ta Duniya** (wanda aka fi sani da IFDC) kungiya ce ta kasa da kasa ta hanyar kimiyya da ke aiki don rage yunwa ta duniya ta hanyar gabatar da ingantaccen aikin gona da fasahar taki ga manoma da kuma haɗa manoma zuwa kasuwanni. Hedikwatar a Muscle Shoals, Alabama, Amurka, kungiyar tana da ayyukan a cikin kasashe sama da 25.

## Tarihi
An kafa IFDC, a wani bangare, saboda a shekara ta 1975, Cibiyar Ci gaban Fertilizer ta Kasa ta Tennessee Valley Authority (NFDC) ta fara karɓar adadin kiran taimako na kasa da kasa wanda ya wuce ikon ma'aikatan cibiyar don cika buƙatun kasa da kasa da shirye-shiryen cikin gida. Shekara guda da ta gabata a Taron Musamman na shida na Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Sakataren Harkokin Wajen Amurka Henry Kissinger a cikin jawabinsa "The Challenge of Interdependence" ya bukaci a kirkiro cibiyar taki ta duniya kuma ya yi alkawarin gudummawar Amurka ta hanyar kayan aiki, fasaha da ƙwarewa. Sakamakon gaggawa na Kissinger ya zama Cibiyar Ci gaban Fertilizer ta Duniya, kungiya mai zaman kanta da aka kafa a karkashin dokokin jihar Alabama, wanda ya fara aikinsa ta hanyar amsa kiran kasa da kasa da zarar an gabatar da shi ga NFDC. A watan Maris na shekara ta 1977, Shugaban Amurka Jimmy Carter ya sanya IFDC kungiya ce ta kasa da kasa "mai ba da izini don jin daɗin gata, keɓancewa, da rigakafin da Dokar rigakafin kungiyoyin kasa da kasa ta bayar".

## Manazarta
Isobutylidenediurea

**Isobutylidenediurea** (abbreviated IBDU) wani fili ne na kwayoyin halitta tare da tsari (CH3) 2 (O) NH2. Yana da wani derivative na urea (OC (NH2) 2), wanda kansa yana da matukar narkewa a cikin ruwa, amma IBDU ba haka ba ne. Yana aiki azaman taki mai sarrafawa saboda ƙarancin solubility, wanda ke iyakance yawan hydrolysis zuwa urea, wanda shine taki mai saurin aiki.

## Abubuwan da suka danganci
An haɓaka CRF da yawa bisa ga urea. Da ke da alaƙa da IBDU shine crotonylidene diurea (Crotodur). Mafi sauki sune kayan urea-formaldehyde daban-daban kamar ureaform, wanda ya ƙunshi methylene diurea da dimethylene triurea.

## Manazarta