Yanayin Bosnia da Herzegovina

Bosnia da Herzegovina tana kudu maso gabashin Turai.  Tana cikin yammacin Balkans, tana da iyakar kilomita 932 (579 mi) da Croatia zuwa arewa da kudu maso yamma, iyakar kilomita 357 (222 mi) da Serbia zuwa gabas, da iyakar kilomita 249 (155 mi) da Montenegro zuwa kudu maso gabas.]  Tana iyaka da Tekun Adriatic tare da iyakarta mai nisan kilomita 20 (12 mi).

Abubuwan da suka fi ban sha'awa a cikin yankin sune kwari da duwatsu waɗanda ke auna har zuwa  m (7,828  a tsawo. Kasar galibi tana da tsaunuka, ta ƙunshi tsakiyar Dinaric Alps. Yankunan arewa maso gabas sun kai cikin kwandon Pannonian, yayin da a kudu yana kan iyaka da Tekun Adriatic.

albarkatun kasa sun hada da kwal, ƙarfe, bauxite, manganese, nickel, yumɓu, gypsum, gishiri, yashi, katako da wutar lantarki.
 
Sunan kasar ya fito ne daga yankuna biyu na Bosnia da Herzegovina, wadanda ke da iyaka da ba a bayyana ba tsakanin su. Bosnia ta mamaye yankunan arewacin waɗanda kusan kashi huɗu cikin biyar na dukan ƙasar, yayin da Herzegovina ta mamaye sauran a kudancin ƙasar.

Manyan biranen sune babban birnin Sarajevo, Banja Luka da Bihać a yankin arewa maso yamma da aka sani da Bosanska Krajina, Tuzla a arewa maso gabas, Zenica a tsakiyar Bosnia kuma Mostar shine babban birnin Herzegovina.

Kudancin Bosnia yana da yanayi na Bahar Rum da kuma yawan noma.  Bosnia ta tsakiya ita ce yanki mafi tsaunuka na Bosnia mai nuna fitattun tsaunuka Vlašić, Čvrsnica, da Prenj.  Gabashin Bosnia kuma yana da tsaunuka kamar Trebević, Jahorina, Igman, Bjelašnica da Treskavica.  A nan ne aka gudanar da wasannin Olympics na lokacin sanyi a shekarar 1984.

A cikin gandun daji na Bosnia da Herzegovina yana da kusan kashi 43% na jimlar yankin ƙasa, daidai da hekta 2,187,910 (ha) na gandun daji a cikin 2020, ƙasa daga hekta 2,210,000 (ha) a cikin 1990. A shekara ta 2015, an ruwaito kashi 74% na yankin gandun daji a ƙarƙashin mallakar jama'a da kashi 26% mallakar masu zaman kansu. Gabashin Bosnia yana da gandun daji sosai a gefen kogin Drina kuma yawancin yankunan gandun daji suna cikin Tsakiya, Gabas da Yammacin sassan Bosnia. Arewacin Bosnia ya ƙunshi ƙasa mai kyau a gefen kogin Sava kuma yankin da ya dace yana noma sosai. Wannan gonar wani bangare ne na Filayen Parapannonian wanda ya kai ga makwabta Croatia da Serbia. Kogin Sava da kuma tafkin kogin Posavina suna riƙe da biranen Brčko, Bosanski Šamac, Bosanski Brod da Bosanska Gradiška.

Yankin arewa maso yammacin Bosnia ana kiransa Bosanska Krajina kuma yana riƙe da biranen Banja Luka, Prijedor, Sanski Most, Jajce, Cazin, Velika Kladuša da Bihać. Gidan shakatawa na Kozara da abin tunawa da yakin duniya na biyu na Mrakovica suna cikin wannan yankin.

Kasar tana da kilomita 20 kawai (12.4  na bakin teku,  kusa da garin Neum a cikin Herzegovina-Neretva Canton, kodayake kewaye da tsibirin Croatia yana yiwuwa a isa tsakiyar Adriatic daga Neum. Ta hanyar Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Dokar Tekun, Bosnia tana da haƙƙin wucewa mara laifi zuwa teku ta waje. Neum tana da otal-otal da yawa kuma muhimmiyar wurin yawon bude ido ce.

Akwai manyan koguna bakwai na Bosnia da Herzegovina:

Una da ke arewa maso yammacin Bosnia yana gudana a kan iyakar arewa da yammacin Bosnia da Croatia da kuma ta birnin Bihać na Bosnia.  Ya shahara don rafting da wasannin kasada.

Sana yana bi ta cikin birnin Sanski Most da Prijedor kuma wani yanki ne na kogin Una a arewa.

Vrbas yana bi ta garuruwan Gornji Vakuf - Uskoplje, Bugojno, Jajce, Banja Luka, Srbac kuma ya isa kogin Sava a arewa.  Vrbas yana gudana ta tsakiyar Bosnia kuma yana gudana waje zuwa Arewa.

Kogin Bosna shine kogin mafi tsayi a Bosnia kuma yana cike da cikaken cikin kasar yayin da ya taso daga tushensa kusa da Sarajevo zuwa kogin Sava a arewa.  Ya ba da suna ga kasar.

Drina yana ratsa gabashin Bosnia, a wurare da yawa a kan iyakar Bosnia da Serbia.  Drina yana bi ta garuruwan Foča, Goražde Višegrad da Zvornik.

Neretva shine kogin mafi tsayi a Herzegovina, yana gudana daga Jablanica kudu zuwa Tekun Adriatic.  Kogin ya shahara yayin da yake ratsa birnin Mostar.

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Sava ita ce kogi mafi tsawo a Bosnia da Herzegovina . Koyaya, a cikin Bosnia da Herzegovina, yana gudana ne kawai tare da iyaka da Croatia. Daga nan sai ya gudana zuwa Serbia. Garuruwa kamar Brčko, Bosanski Šamac, da Bosanska Gradiška suna kan kogi.

## Tarihin halittu
A fannin ilimin ƙasa, Bosnia da Herzegovina na cikin Masarautar Boreal kuma an raba tsakanin lardin Illyrian na Yankin Circumboreal da lardin Adriatic na Yankin Bahar Rum. A cewar WWF, ana iya raba yankin Bosnia da Herzegovina zuwa yankuna uku: gandun daji na Pannonian, gandun daji masu gauraye na Dinaric da gandun daji mai laushi na Illyrian.

Sai dai ga larduna mafi gabashin, kasar tana fuskantar yanayin zafi na Bahar Rum.Duwatsu da duwatsu sun fi bushewa, sun fi sanyi, sun fi iska, kuma sun fi girgije.

Yankin arewa yana da yanayin yanayi na nahiyar.

Abubuwan tarihi daban-daban na archaeological ciki har da kayan aikin hakar ma'adinai da kayan aiki na irin wannan rukunin shekaru, suna ba da alamar rarraba ƙasa, sikelin da hanyoyin ayyukan hakar ma-adinai a Bosnia da Herzegovina a lokacin Paleolithic zuwa Zamanin Romawa.

Mafi mahimmanci Ɗaya cikin waɗannan shine abin da ake kira yankin "tsakiyar tsaunuka na Bosnian" wanda ke tsakanin koguna Vrbas, Lašva, Neretva, Rama da masu goyon bayansu. Na biyu shi ne yankin yammacin Bosnia, wanda ke da iyaka da kogin Vrbas da Una, tare da manyan abubuwan da ke dauke da ma'adinai da aka samo a cikin kogin Sana da Japra, da kuma yankunansu. Yankin na uku shine gabashin Bosnia, a kusa da kogin Drina tsakanin garuruwan Foča da Zvornik, babban aikin hakar ma'adinai da ke kewaye da Srebrenica.

Ana samun Ores na karafa daban-daban, gami da baƙin ƙarfe, a cikin waɗannan yankuna kuma ana ci gaba da amfani da su sama da shekaru 5000 - daga lokacin mazauna ɗan adam na farko, ta hanyar Illyrian, Roman, Slavic, Turkiyya da Austrian sarakuna, zuwa yanzu.

## Amfani da ƙasa

* **Yankin noma:** 19.73%
* **Amfanin gona na dindindin:** 2.06%
* **Sauran:** 78.22% (2012 ya kasance) 

**Total renewable water resources:**  (2011)
 
**Hadarin halitta:**

* Girgizar ƙasa mai lalacewa

**Batutuwan yanzu:**

* Rashin gurɓata iska daga tsire-tsire na ƙarfe
* Wuraren da ake zubar da sharar birane suna da iyaka
* Rashin rayuka, karancin ruwa, da lalacewar ababen more rayuwa saboda yaƙi 1992-95
* Kashe daji

* Jam'iyyar zuwa: Rashin Ruwan iska, Biodiversity, Canjin Yanayi, Yaduwar Yaduwa, Dokar Tekun, Kare Rayuwar Ruwa, haramta gwajin nukiliya, Kare Yankin Ozone, Wetlands
* An sanya hannu, amma ba a tabbatar da shi ba: babu

## Hotuna

Fayil:NP001_nacionalni_park_sutjeska_perucica.jpg|Sutjeska National Park
Fayil:NP002_-_14.jpg|Kozara National Park
Fayil:Štrbački_buk_1.jpg|Una National Park
Fayil:Drina_Canyon.JPG|Drina National Park


## Dubi kuma
*Environment of Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Geography of Europe
*List of cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina

## Bibliography
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## Manazarta