Kabari na Upland

Makabartar Upland.[1] (Azerbaijani: Dağüstü qəbiristanlığı) ko Makabartar Pir-Vanzari[2] makabarta ce mai yawan ikirari wacce take a Baku har zuwa rabin farko na shekarun 1930. An sanya makabartar a saman tsaunin Baku, wanda aka sani da Pirvanzari, wanda ke kudu maso yammacin ƙauyen Chemberekend, wani yanki na Baku.

A kan shirin birni na Baku na 1899, wanda injiniyan birni Colonel Nikolai von der Nonne ya tattara, ana iya ganin cewa makabartar a wannan lokacin ta kunshi sassa da yawa: Musulmi, Orthodox, Katolika, Lutheran, Yahudawa da Molokan. Har ila yau, a yankin makabartar akwai masallatai da yawa.

A farkon rabin shekarun 1930, an rushe makabartar, kuma an kafa wurin shakatawa mai suna Sergei Kirov a wannan shafin. A cikin 1990, an binne gawarwakin wadanda abin ya shafa a Black January, kuma daga baya wadanda suka mutu a lokacin Yaƙin Karabakh, a cikin tsohon bangaren musulmi na makabartar. A yau, an san wannan yanki da Alley na shahidai .

## Tarihin Kabari

### Tarihin abin da ya faru
A cikin batutuwan watan Agusta na jaridar Baku "Kaspiy" a cikin 1882, an lura cewa wurin makabartar Chemberekend kusa da gine-ginen zama yana da lahani ga lafiyar jama'a. Jaridar, musamman, ta lura cewa makabarta, musamman na Rasha, suna farawa kai tsaye daga rufin gidajen birni na waje, kuma don shiga makabarta daga bakin teku, ya isa ya hau matakan gaba na gidan farko, ya yi tsalle kai tsaye a kan kaburbura daga mataki na ƙarshe, kuma tare da karamin mataki daga rufin waɗancan gidaje ya isa ya sami kanka a cikin makabarta.

Yawancin mazauna sun gaya wa wakilan jaridar cewa a lokacin zafi mai tsanani, akwai wari mai karfi da ke fitowa daga lalacewar gawa. An kuma nuna cewa makabartar ba ta da wani sashi na musamman ga waɗanda suka mutu saboda cututtukan annoba. Jaridar ta ba da shawarar ba da sabon wuri don makabartar a bayan tudun dutsen, a kan gangaren da makabartar take.

A ranar 27 ga Satumba 1882, a taron na biyu na yau da kullun na Baku City Duma, an yi la'akari da batun canja wurin makabartar Chemberekend zuwa sabon wuri. An zaɓi sabon wuri.

A cikin fitowar Yuni na jaridar "Kaspiy" a cikin 1883, gwamnatin birnin Baku ta ba da sanarwar cewa, sakamakon shawarar Kwamitin Kiwon Lafiya kuma bisa ga hukunce-hukuncen Baku City Duma, duk makabarta Musulmai da Kirista da ke kusa da Baku a ƙarƙashin unguwar Chemberekend an rufe su har abada daga 1 ga Yuli. Dole ne a yi sabbin jana'iza a sabbin wuraren da aka zaba a yankin Dutsen Pirken-Zari (Pirvanzari) sama da Chemberekend. An riga an haramta ƙone mutane a cikin tsoffin makabarta. 

### Ƙarin tarihi
A ranar 8 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1883, an bude ɗakin sujada don dissection na gawawwakin a makabarta, inda aka tura dukkan matattu don a bincika su. An rufe wurin asibitin Mikhailovskaya, inda aka rarraba gawawwakin a baya.

A farkon shekarun 1910, a shafin yanar gizon musulmi na makabartar Chemberekend, an yanke shawarar gina gini ga makarantar addinin musulmi ta Saadet. A ranar Jumma'a, mutane sun taru a makabartar, akhund sun karanta addu'a bayan haka dangi da abokai na marigayin suka tura gawar zuwa makabartar Upland, an rushe kaburbura marasa amfani zuwa ƙasa  kuma a ranar 23 ga Disamba 1912, an kafa harsashin ginin makarantar. 

A shekara ta 1918, an binne gawarwakin wadanda abin ya faru a watan Maris a sashin musulmi na makabartar. A watan Satumba na wannan shekarar, an binne gawarwakin sojojin Turkiyya na Daular Ottoman da suka mutu a yaƙin Baku a cikin makabartar (a cikin 1999, an ɗaga wani abin tunawa a wannan shafin),  kuma an binne gawakin sojojin Burtaniya da suka mutu cikin wannan yaƙin a cikin makabarta (a yau Hasumiyoyin Wutar suna kan wannan wurin) 

### Rushewar makabartar
A farkon rabin karni na 20, an rushe makabartar Upland, kuma a wurinsa an shimfiɗa Upland Park mai suna bayan S. M. Kirov.  Tsarin wannan wurin shakatawa an fara shi ne a cikin 1931 ta hanyar gine-ginen Lev Ilyin .  A cewar Ilyin da kansa, a ranar farko ta ziyararsa ta biyu zuwa Baku, saman Dutsen Baku yanki ne da aka watsar "inda aka manta da duwatsun kabarin da aka shimfiɗa gefe da gefe". A cikin waɗannan shekarun, an lura cewa waɗannan tsoffin makabarta sun daɗe sun wuce duk sharuɗɗan da aka kafa don wanzuwarsu kuma sun kasance cikin matsayi mara adalci a kan dukan birnin. Daga baya, an gina wani abin tunawa ga Sergei Kirov a yankin sabon wurin shakatawa kuma an gina gidan cin abinci na "Friendship of People" 

An sake binne gawawwakin da yawa a wasu makabarta na birnin, alal misali, an sake binne gawar Musa Nagiyev a makabarta ta ƙauyen Bilajary. An sake binne ragowar wasu sanannun mutane, kamar su Huseyn Arablinski, Jalil Mammadguluzadeh, Abdurrahim bey Hagverdiyev, a cikin Alley of Honor. Koyaya, kaburbura na irin waɗannan mutane kamar Samad bey Mehmandarov, Zivar bay Ahmadbeyov, da Alirza Rasizade sun ɓace.￼

A cikin 1990, a cikin tsohon ɓangaren musulmi na makabartar, an binne gawarwakin wadanda abin ya shafa na Black January,  kuma daga baya na waɗanda suka mutu a lokacin rikicin Karabakh. A yau, an san wannan yanki da Alley na shahidai .

## Dubai kuma

* Hanyar girmamawa
* Kabari na Chemberekend
* Kabari na Musulmi na Dā (Baku) 
* Fursunonin Jamus na makabartar yaki (Baku)

## Manazarta