Kamawa da adana carbon a Mexico

Mexico ta dogara sosai da ƙone burbushin burbushin ta, kuma saboda wannan dalili, yana da sha'awarta don bincika hanyoyin ragewa don iskar da ta dace. A cikin Babban Dokar Canjin Yanayi a shekarar 2012, Mexico ta yi alkawarin rage kashi 20% na hayakin gas (GHG) nan da shekarar 2020 da 50% nan da shekarar 2050, da kuma Yarjejeniyar Paris. 19% na wannan sabon shirin ragewa za a sadaukar da shi ga kama carbon da adanawa kuma musamman 10% ga Masana'antar makamashi.

## Rashin fitarwa
Mexico tana fitar da hayakin carbon dioxide da yawa saboda kona hydrocarbons . An gano cewa Mexico ta ba da gudummawar kashi 1.67% na hayakin da duniya ke fitarwa, inda ta rike matsayi na 11 a matsayin kasa mafi gurbatar yanayi.  Daga cikin ton miliyan 483 na CO 2 da aka fitar a cikin 2010, tan miliyan 258 sun yi daidai da tushen tsaye. 

abban fB

Har ila yau, kowace jiha tana da alhakin yawan fitar da su bisdda kimanin tan miliyan 2, kasancewar ita ce mafi gurɓataccen jihar a kasar. Saboda wutar lantarki da ke samar da tsire-tsire na carbon da tsire'o'in ƙarfe da ƙarfe da yawa. Tamaulipas ya zo na biyu, yana samar da kimanin tan miliyan 19, sannan Campeche da Veracruz suka biyo baya, wanda ya fitar da tan miliyan 15.5 na CO2 kowannensu. Wadannan birane 3 na ƙarshe, sune mafi yiwuwa ga ayyukan CCS, saboda suna cikin yankunan man fetur mai amfani, mai kyau ga EOS.

## Garkuwa da mutane
Akwai manyan nau'ikan tsare-tsare guda huɗu: a cikin zurfin saline aquifers, don cika ramin inda aka yi amfani da man fetur, don maye gurbin methane na karkashin kasa da CO2, da kuma amfani da ingantaccen fasahar dawo da man fetura (EOR). Har ila yau, don ƙwaƙwalwar ta zama mai yiwuwa, tafkuna dole ne su kasance masu ƙuƙwalwa, masu shiga da zurfi. A Mexico, wasu yankuna sun cika waɗannan buƙatu kuma suna shirye don rufe CO2.

FEMEX, kasancewa mai mallakar man fetur na Mexico, yana da sha'awar samun man fetur da yawa yadda zai yiwu, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa aka sanya hannun jari a baya da na yanzu a cikin EOR. Tare da Halliburton, wani shuka a El Carmito yana kama carbon kuma yana rufewa a karkashin kasa don inganta man. An kiyasta cewa tun lokacin da ya fara, ya sami damar rufe tan 8,459,550 na CO2, wanda ke wakiltar yawan ganga.[./Carbon_capture_and_storage_in_Mexico#cite_note-3 [1] A gefe guda, a cikin shekara ta 2000 ya fara wannan aikin a Campo Artesa, wanda ke cikin Yankin Shugabannin biyar (Area de Activo Cinco Presidentes), inda yake da rijiyoyi 4 na samarwa. Har ila yau, a cikin 2005, PEMEX ya saka hannun jari a Campo Sitio Grande, wanda tare da Campo Artesa, an kiyasta sun dawo da ganga miliyan 950 ta hanyar EOR. A cikin wannan yanki, Activo Cinco Prsidentes, akwai Campo Ogarrio, wanda shine taken aikin matukin jirgi "Complejo Petroquímico de Cosoleacaque" don yin amfani da CO2 a karkashin kasa a yankin da aka sani da "Activo Integral Aceite Terciario del Golfo". Wannan duk yana kusa da Tekun Mexico, wanda ya ƙunshi adadin mai mai.

"Activo Integral Aceite Terciario del Golfo", aikin matukin jirgi ne wanda PEMEX, tare da wasu kamfanoni ke tsarawa don samar da wutar lantarki tare da ra'ayin da ba shi da fitarwa. An yi bincike kan yiwuwar CCS, da kuma aikace-aikace masu yuwuwa da shirin kuɗi. Ya fara ne a shekarar 2, inda aka kama CO2 a karkashin tashar lantarki ta 2 MW.

Manyan yankunan da aka yi bincike don tsare-tsare suna kusa da kudu maso yamma, amma an riga an kori wasu. 3 daga cikinsu, suna kusa da Sonora da Oaxaca, wanda da farko an yi tunanin zai yiwu a yi wa masana'antar ƙarfe da ƙarfe hidima: waɗannan su ne Fuentes (Río Escondido), Terciaria del Golfo, da Sabinas Monclova. Biyu na ƙarshe, an tabbatar da cewa ba su da damar tattalin arziki saboda jikinsa mai duwatsu da kuma raguwa saboda motsi na tectonic. Har ila yau, duk yamma, musamman a kusa da Pacific da tsakiyar Mexico, ba su da kyau don tsare saboda babban aikin Girgizar ƙasa da dutsen wuta da kuma fashewar da ta riga ta kasance, na iya ba da damar leakage.

A gefe guda, wani bangare na jamhuriya yana da alƙawari sosai don zurfin saline aquifer sequestration, tunda an gano cewa babban yanki ya fi 800m zurfi. Jihohi 11 mafi alƙawari sune:

* Baja California
* Sonora-Sinaloa
* Chihuahua
* Coahuila
* Tsakiyar Mexico
* Burgos
* Tampico-Misantla
* Veracruz
* Kudu maso gabashin Mexico
* Yucatán
* Chiapas

Shida na ƙarshe suna da kyau don adana jimlar hayaki saboda masana'antar lantarki ta yankin. Gabaɗaya, an lissafa cewa kusan gigatons 100 na CO2 suna iya adanawa, don haka idan an kiyaye bangaren makamashi, za a sami isasshen wuri na shekaru 500 masu zuwa.

## Ayyukan da ke aiki
A halin yanzu, tun Yarjejeniyar Paris ta Mexico, kasar tana aiki a kan CCUS Technology Roadmap ko "Mapa de la Ruta Tecnológica para CCS". Gwamnati, PEMEX da Cibiyar Mario Molina sun shiga cikin wannan aikin. An fara shi a cikin 2 kuma ana sa ran ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 2024, a halin yanzu yana cikin matakin bincike da gudanarwa. Babban bincikensa ya kasance a kusa da yankin "Shugabannin biyar" da sauran wuraren da aka tsare. Fasahar da aka hango don kama carbon ita ce ta bayan konewa wanda ya kunshi kama iskar gas da ke haifar da makamashi da zafi, sannan ya raba CO2 daga wannan iskar gas ɗin da ke matse shi kuma ya kai shi ta hanyar bututu da bututu don ci gaba da tsare shi. Sakatariyar Kudi da Kudin Jama'a ce ta ba da kuɗin aikin amma kuma ta sami gudummawar kasa da kasa daga ƙasashe da kungiyoyi kamar Bankin Duniya.

Mexico kuma ta kasance wani ɓangare na wasu ayyukan a baya kuma tana da alaƙa da wasu kungiyoyi a cikin ɓangaren, gami da Cibiyar CCS ta Duniya. Har ila yau, manyan masu haɗin gwiwar gwamnati don waɗannan ayyukan sune PEMEX, Secretaría de Energía (SENER), Federal Commission de Electricidad (CFE), Sakatariyar Muhalli da albarkatun kasa (SEMARNAT) da kuma Cibiyar Nazarin Nukiliya ta Kasa, inda babban bincike ke gudana. Kasar ta shiga cikin Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF), CEM (group d'action sur capture y US y almacenamiento de carbon de la cumber ministal de energía limpia), da kuma hadin gwiwa tare da Amurka da Kanada a wasu forums.

## Manazarta