Clotilde Dent Bowen

**Clotilde Dent Bowen** (Maris 20, 1923 - Maris 11, 2011) likitan tabin hankali ce wadda ta zama mace 'yar asalin Amurka ta farko da ta kai matsayin Kanar a rundunar sojojin Amurka. Bowen ita ce kuma mace 'yar asalin Afirka ta farko da ta kammala karatun likitanci daga Jami'ar Jihar Ohio (a 1947), likita bakar fata ta farko da ta riƙe kwamitin soja, kuma mace ta farko da ta zama kwamandan asibitin sojojin Amurka. A 1970, Bowen ta yi aiki a Yaƙin Vietnam, a matsayin babbar likitan tabin hankali ga Sojojin Amurka. An ba ta lambar yabo ta Tauraron Tagulla da kuma ƙungiyar American Legion of Merit a 1971 saboda aikinta na kafa cibiyoyin kula da miyagun ƙwayoyi da kuma ƙoƙarinta na rage tashin hankali a Vietnam. An kuma ba ta lambar yabo ta Sabis (a 1974). Bowen ta ci gaba da fafutukar neman ayyuka da tallafi ga ayyuka don dogaro da miyagun ƙwayoyi, tallafawa sojoji masu fama da matsalolin damuwa bayan tashin hankali, da kuma haƙƙin ɗan adam.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Clotilde Dent a watan Maris na 1923 a Chicago, Illinois, 'yar shekara ta biyu a cikin 'ya'ya uku. An sanya mata suna bayan mahaifiyarta, Clotilde Tynes Dent.  Mahaifinta, William Marion Dent, ɗalibi ne na farko a Jami'ar Dartmouth. 

Tun tana da shekaru uku, bayan da iyayenta suka rabu, ta zauna a sansanin sojojin Amurka da ke Columbus, Ohio, tare da goggon mahaifiyarta Maude Barrows da kawunta.   Kawunta, Stephen Barrows, soja ne na Buffalo, kuma ya rasu yana ƙaunar sojoji.  Tun tana ƙarama, Clotilde tana son zama likita. 

## Ilimi

Dent ta yi makaranta a Columbus, inda ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Gabas .  Daga nan Dent ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Jihar Ohio, inda ta sami digirin farko na Fasaha a cikin shekaru uku.   A watan Janairun 1944, ta zama mace 'yar Afirka ta farko da ta shiga Makarantar Likitanci ta jami'ar, inda ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1947.  

A jami'a, Dent ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar Delta Sigma Theta, Cibiyar Kasuwanci ta Amurka, Ƙungiyar Elizabeth Blackwell, da Kwamitin Yaye Dalibai na Makarantar Magunguna.  Ta auri William Nolan Bowen tun tana ɗaliba.  

Bayan kammala karatunta, Bowen ta koma New York, inda ta yi zaman jinya a Asibitin Harlem sannan ta kammala aikin zama a Asibitin Triboro don cutar tarin fuka da ke Long Island.  

## Sana'a
Bayan da ta fara sha'awar cutar tarin fuka a lokacin da take zama a wurin, Bowen ta yi karatun digiri a fannin cutar tarin fuka tare da Sashen Lafiya na Jihar New York daga 1949 zuwa 1950. Ta yi aiki a wani asibitin tarin fuka na gwamnati na tsawon shekaru biyar, sannan ta bude wani asibitin kwararru kan cututtukan huhu a Harlem, New York.  

A shekarar 1955, ba tare da gamsuwa da rayuwa a birnin ba, kuma tana son canza aiki, Bowen ta fara aikinta a rundunar sojin Amurka. An tura ta a matsayin ƙwararriyar masaniyar huhu (huhu) zuwa Asibitin Sojojin Valley Forge da ke Pennsylvania, inda ta fara sha'awar ilimin tabin hankali. An ɗaukaka Bowen zuwa babban digiri a shekarar 1959, amma ba a karɓe ta a horon ilimin tabin hankali ba. Don haka ta bar rundunar don kammala horo a matsayin likitan tabin hankali a Asibitin Gudanar da Tsoffin Sojoji (VA) da ke Albany, New York. Ta kuma shiga Rundunar Sojojin da ke Albany. A shekarar 1962, an mayar da Bowen zuwa asibitin VA na Oregon a matsayin likitan tabin hankali na ma'aikata.

Bowen ta yanke shawarar komawa aikin soja bayan mutuwar ɗan wani abokinta a Vietnam a shekarar 1966. A shekarar 1967, wacce yanzu take Laftanar Kanar, an tura ta a matsayin babban likitan tabin hankali zuwa Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Sojoji ta Tripler da ke Hawaii, sannan aka bi ta zuwa Schofield Barracks .   A watan Yulin 1968, Bowen ta zama mace 'yar asalin Amurka ta farko da aka ɗaga matsayin Kanar, kuma aka mayar da ita asibiti a Denver, Colorado.  

A shekarar 1970, an tura Bowen zuwa Vietnam a matsayin shugabar kula da tabin hankali ta Soja. Bowen ta rubuta cewa ta isa wurin "sama da harbin bindiga, rokoki, harsasai da kuma zafi mai tsanani."  Ta shafe shekara guda tana Vietnam. Bowen sau da yawa tana fuskantar hari a lokacin da take cikin bunker ɗinta da kuma yayin da take tafiya da jeep ko helikwafta don ziyartar ma'aikatan tabin hankali, gami da kasancewa a cikin jirgin helikwafta da aka harbo.  Saboda damuwa da yawan sojoji da suka sha heroin fiye da kima, Bowen ta kafa bincike a duk fadin hukumar lafiya don tantance yawan shan heroin, sannan ta yi aiki don magance matsalar ta hanyoyi daban-daban.  A shekarar 1971, an ba Bowen lambar yabo ta Bronze Star da kuma American Legion of Merit saboda aikinta na kafa cibiyoyin kula da miyagun kwayoyi, da kuma kokarinta na rage rikicin launin fata.   Ta ci gaba da zama fitacciyar mai fafutukar inganta tallafi ga sojoji masu fama da matsalar damuwa bayan tashin hankali, da kuma shan barasa da miyagun kwayoyi bayan gogewarta a Vietnam. 

Bayan rangadinta a Vietnam, ayyukan Bowen sun haɗa da komawa manyan mukamai na tabin hankali a asibitoci a Hawaii da Denver, da kuma Indianapolis, Indiana, inda ta zama mace ta farko da ta jagoranci wani asibitin soja na Amurka. A shekarar 1974, an kuma ba Bowen lambar yabo ta girmamawa.  Ta yi ritaya daga aikin soja a shekarar 1996.   

Aikin Bowen na gaba na sana'a shine a fannin amincewa da kula da lafiya, ga Hukumar Hadin Gwiwa . Ta kuma fara yin jawabi a bainar jama'a a duk faɗin ƙasar tana fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam.  Bowen ta kuma dawo na ɗan lokaci zuwa asibitocin VA a Wyoming da Colorado, tare da guraben koyarwa a Jami'o'in Wyoming da Colorado . Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da marasa lafiya a lokacin ƙarancin likitoci.  A shekara ta 2001, ta rubuta wani shafi na wata-wata a cikin *Jaridar Denver Post* .  Bowen ta yi ritaya daga aikin likita a shekara ta 2008.  A lokacin ritaya, ta taimaka wajen haɓaka da aiwatar da shirin gaggawa na tabin hankali ga Ƙungiyar Masu tabin hankali ta Amurka .

A lokacin aikinta, Bowen ta rubuta littattafai da dama a mujallun likitanci, kan maganin tarin fuka   da rahotannin shari'o'i kan tabin hankali da suka shafi miyagun ƙwayoyi.  Ta kuma rubuta babi kan tabin hankali na soja tare da James L. Collins a cikin *Baƙar fata Masu tabin hankali da kuma tabin hankali na Amurka*, wanda aka buga a shekarar 1999.  Bowen ya kuma rubuta wani tarihin rayuwa da ba a buga ba. 

## Manyan nasarori da girmamawa

* Tauraron Bronze da Legion of Merit, a shekarar 1971, saboda aikinta na kafa cibiyoyin kula da miyagun ƙwayoyi da kuma ƙoƙarinta na rage rikicin launin fata a lokacin Yaƙin Vietnam.  
* Lambar Yabo ta Muhimmiyar Hidima, 1974. 
* Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Masu Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Amurka da Ƙungiyar Masu Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Tsakiya. 
* *She Put a Dent in It*, wani labari ne na tarihin rayuwar Bowen na mai zane Ruth E. Edwards, a kusan shekara ta 2003. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;
* Taron girmamawa a Jami'ar Jihar Ohio, 2012. 
* Lakcar shekara-shekara ta Clotilde Bowen ta Bambancin Ra'ayi, Jami'ar Jihar Ohio.  
* Bowen House, wani zauren zama na Jami'ar Jihar Ohio, an sanya mata suna a matsayin girmamawa a shekarar 2015. 
* Zauren Shahararrun Jami'ar Jihar Ohio, 2021.  
* Bowen ya bayar da tallafin karatu a Makarantar Likitanci ta Jami'ar Jihar Ohio. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Bowen ta yi aure na ɗan lokaci tun lokacin da take ɗalibar likitanci. Lokacin da aka yi mata hira da mujallar *Ebony* a shekarar 1968, tana zaune ne da Pamela Rancourt, wacce ma'aikaciyar jinya ce.  Daga baya ta yi dangantaka ta dogon lokaci da Dr Athenia "Micki" Athans, wadda ta daɗe har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarta.  

Bowen yana da ayyuka iri-iri a waje da kuma na aiki, ciki har da hawan kwale-kwale, hawa keke a kan hanya, da kuma yin wasan ninkaya.  

## Manazarta