Lee In-hwi

**Lee In-hwi** ( Korean  ; an haife shi 1958, Seoul, Koriya ta Kudu) marubuci ɗan Koriya ta Kudu ne. Ya fara halartan adabin sa a cikin 1988 lokacin da novella *Uri eoksen jumeok* (우리 억센 주먹 Our Clenched Fists) ya bayyana a cikin mujallar adabi *Nokdukkot* . Ya jagoranci Kwamitin 'Yanci na Ayyuka a ƙarƙashin Ƙungiyar Marubuta ta Koriya kuma mamba ne na Ƙungiyar. Ya ci lambar yabo ta adabin Manhae a cikin 2016 don tarin ɗan gajeren labari *Pyeheoreul boda* (폐허를 보다 Na Ga Ruins). 

## Rayuwa
An haifi Lee In-hwi a birnin Seoul na kasar Koriya ta Kudu a shekara ta 1958. A lokacin Tashin Gwangju a watan Mayu 1980, ya kasance dalibin kasuwanci na kasa da kasa na shekara ta uku a Jami'ar Myongji kuma jami'an sirri na Koriya ta Kudu sun janye shi daga harabar jami'ar don yi masa tambayoyi. Girgiza kai da abin ya faru ne ya sa shi barin makaranta. Ya yi hidimar wa'adinsa na tilas a soja kuma ya fara gwagwarmayar neman 'yancin ma'aikata a Rukunin Masana'antu na Guro a 1984. Ya kuma fara rubutu a wannan lokacin. Ya fara halartan adabinsa na farko a cikin 1988 tare da novella *Uri eoksen jumeok* (우리 억센 주먹 Our Clenched Fists), kuma ya ci gaba da rubuta litattafai kan batutuwan aiki a farkon 1990s. Ya kafa wata mujallar adabi mai ci gaba mai suna *Salmi boineun chang* ("taga mai ra'ayin rayuwa") a cikin 1997 lokacin da rikicin Kudi na Asiya ya taso. Ya tara kudade don mujallar ta hanyar rubutawa mawaƙa 13 yana neman su ba da wasan kwaikwayo. Dukansu goma sha uku sun yarda da buƙatarsa, gami da mawaƙi kuma ɗan gwagwarmayar zamantakewa Jeong Tae-chun wanda waƙarsa daga baya suka yi wahayi zuwa ga labari na 2017 na *Geonneoganda* (건너간다 Crossing). 

Lee ya daina rubutawa sama da shekaru goma bayan da aka buga littafinsa na *Nalgae dalin mulgogi* (날개 달린 물고고기 Winged Kifi) a 2005. Ya yi aiki a masana'antar sarrafa karafa, masana'antar plywood, da *hotteok* a lokacin da ya yi ritaya don samun abin rayuwa da biyan kudin magani ga matarsa da ta yi fama da rashin lafiya tsawon shekaru bakwai.  Lokacin da ya yi a masana'antu ya sa ya gane cewa yanayin aiki bai inganta ba tsawon shekaru, kuma ƙwarewar yana nunawa a cikin gajeren labarinsa na 2016 *Pyeheoreul boda* (폐허를 보다 Na ga Ruins).

## Rubutu
Lee In-hwi da farko ya rubuta game da batutuwan aiki. "Labarin aiki" na Koriya ta Kudu ya yi farin ciki sosai a cikin 1980s. Mummunan murkushe gwamnatin Chun Doo-hwan na yunkurin Gwangju ya sanya wasu hazikan Koriya ta Kudu da dama wadanda suka dade suna adawa da mulkin kama-karya na sojojin kasar. Gurguzu ya shahara tare da ɗaliban jami'a kuma marubutan sun nuna yanayin aiki ko tunanin juyin juya halin zamantakewa wanda ma'aikata ke jagoranta. Sai dai yanayin kasa ya sauya lokacin da Koriya ta Kudu ta zama dimokuradiyya bayan da aka yi wa kundin tsarin mulkinta kwaskwarima a shekarar 1987 kuma tattalin arzikinta ya fara bunkasa. Wannan sabon yancin siyasa da aka samu na 1990s ya haifar da sabon rukunin masu amfani a wurin ma'aikata. Marubuta sun mayar da hankalinsu ga tunanin masu amfani. Mawallafin adabi Kim Myeong-in, wanda aka fi sani da jayayya a cikin 1980s cewa ya kamata adabi ya zama akida don karfafawa talakawa, ya bayyana wannan lokacin kamar haka: "An sayar da kayan tarihi na al'adun jama'a, kuma abin da ya kasa yin ciniki an zubar da shi." [1]

Lee yana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan kaɗan daga cikin marubutan Koriya ta Kudu waɗanda suka ci gaba da yin rubutu game da yawan jama'a da al'amuran ƙwadago a cikin 1990s, yana mai imani cewa "al'ummar Koriya ta Kudu da yanayin aiki ba su canza a zahiri ba," kamar yadda mai sukar wallafe-wallafen Jin Jeong-seok ya ce.  Lee's *Hwalhwasan* (활화산 Active Volcano) (1990) ya kwatanta yanayin rayuwa na masu hakar ma'adinai, *Munbakkeui saramdeul* (문밖의 사람들 Jama'a a waje da Door) (1992) yayi magana game da ma'aikata a bayan wani yajin aiki na kasa baki daya daga watan Agusta zuwa 19 *ga* watan Yuli. *anneunda* (그 아침은 다시 오지 않는다 That Morning Will't comein) (1993) yayi magana akan hakkokin ma'aikata da na mata.  Ayyukansa, tare da sauran wallafe-wallafen aiki, sun kasance a gefen fagen adabin Koriya ta Kudu a cikin 1990s. Lee ya ɗauki hutu na shekaru 11 bayan buga *Nalgae dalin mulgogi* (날개 달린 물고고기 Winged Kifi) a cikin 2005. Littafin ya ba da labarin labarin Lee Yong-seok, ɗan kwangilar da Ma'aikatar Raya & Jin Dadin Ma'aikata ta Koriya ta yi hayar wanda ya ƙone kansa har lahira a cikin Oktoba 2003. 

Lee ya sake dawowa a cikin 2016, yana buga tarin gajerun labarai da litattafai mai suna *Pyeheoreul boda* (폐허를 보다 I See the Ruins). Littafin ya bayyana rayuwar ma'aikatan da ba a biya su ba, wadanda ba su da aikin yi, wadanda har yanzu "an kula da su a matsayin tsofaffin sassan injin da za a iya maye gurbinsu da sauƙi maimakon a girmama su don basirarsu,"  shekaru talatin bayan motsi na 1980s. Litafin Lee *Geonneoganda* (건너간다 Crossing) (2017) shine game da rayuwa da aikin Jeong Tae-chun wanda "ya rera begen mutane a kowane juzu'i na tarihi, daga gwamnatin Park Chung Hee mai mulki a cikin 70s da Gwangju tashin hankali a cikin 80s na 87 na Yuni 87 na yau da kullun." 

## Ayyuka

* 활화산 ( *Volcano mai aiki* ; 1990)
* 문 밖의 사람들 ( *Mutanen Wajen Kofa* ; 1992)
* *그 아침은 다시 오지 않는다* ( That Morning won't come again ; 1993)
* *내 생의 적들* ( Maƙiya a Rayuwata ; 2004)
* *날개 달린 물고기* ( Kifi mai fuka-fuki; 2005)
* *폐허를 보다 ( I See the Ruins* ; 2016)
* 건너간다 ( *Ketare* ; 2017)

## Kyauta

* 2016: Kyautar Adabin Manhae 

## Manazarta