Jirgin Ruwa Alsop

**Marin** / ( / ˈmærɪn​ ˈɔː lsə p / ; [   an haife ta a ranar 16 ga Oktoba, 1956) yar Amurka ce mai jagoranci . Ita ce mace ta farko da ta lashe kyautar Koussevitzky saboda jagoranci kuma mai jagoranci ta farko da aka ba ta kyautar MacArthur Fellowship . Ita ce daraktan kiɗa na Baltimore Symphony Orchestra, kuma babbar mai gudanarwa na Ravinia Festival da kuma na Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra . An zaɓe ta a matsayin memba na American Academy of Arts and Sciences a 2008  da kuma American Philosophical Society a 2020. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Alsop a birnin New York ga Ruth E. (Condell) da Keith Lamar Alsop, dukkansu ƙwararrun 'yan wasan kida, kuma ta girma a Upper West Side na Manhattan .  Ta yi karatu a Makarantar Masters kuma ta yi karatun goge a Sashen Kwaleji na Makarantar Juilliard, inda ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1972. Ta halarci Jami'ar Yale a matsayin babbar jami'ar lissafi, amma ta koma Juilliard, inda ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kiɗa (1977) da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin goge (1978).  Yayin da take Juilliard, Alsop ta yi wasa da ƙungiyar makaɗa kamar New York Philharmonic da kuma New York City Ballet .  Alsop ita ce mai jawabi a bikin fara karatun Juilliard na 116 a ranar 18 ga Yuni, 2021 a Damrosch Park, inda aka ba ta lambar girmamawa ta Likitancin Kiɗa.  

## Sana'a

### Farkon aikina
Bayan ta gaza samun shiga shirin Juilliard sau uku, Alsop ta kafa ƙungiyar New York String Ensemble a shekarar 1981, ƙungiyar mata ta jazz String Fever, kuma a shekarar 1984 Concordia, ƙungiyar makaɗa mai sassa 50 waɗanda suka ƙware a kiɗan Amurka na ƙarni na ashirin.   A shekarar 1983 ta zama master of concert a wani zaman rikodin wasan opera na chamber opera na Philip Glass *The Photographer* .  A shekarar 1985, ta buga violin a kan rikodin 'yan wasan Broadway na asali na *Big River* . Ta lashe kyautar Koussevitzky a matsayin fitaccen mai jagoranci a Cibiyar Kiɗa ta Tanglewood a shekarar 1989, inda ta haɗu da gwarzonta kuma mai ba ta shawara a nan gaba Leonard Bernstein .  Ita ce mace ta farko da ta lashe kyautar.   A shekarar 2005, an ba Alsop lambar yabo ta MacArthur Fellowship, wacce aka fi sani da "Gaskiya Grant," don girmama gudunmawarta ga jagorancin ƙungiyar makaɗa da kiɗan gargajiya na zamani. 

### Bikin Cabrillo, Colorado Symphony
Alsop ita ce daraktan kiɗa na bikin kiɗan zamani na Cabrillo daga 1992 zuwa 2016. Daga 1993 zuwa 2005, ta fara zama babbar mai shirya waƙa sannan kuma daraktan kiɗa na Colorado Symphony ; daga nan aka naɗa ta a matsayin wacce ta lashe kyautar jagoran ƙungiyar makaɗa. Alsop ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin mai shirya waƙa na Richmond Symphony a Richmond, Virginia, daga 1988 zuwa 1990, daraktan kiɗa na Eugene Symphony a Eugene, Oregon daga 1989 zuwa 1996, daraktan kiɗa na Long Island Philharmonic daga 1990,  daraktan kiɗa na Oregon Festival of American Music daga 1992 zuwa 1996,  da kuma Shugaban Gudanarwa na Creative Conductor na St. Louis Symphony daga 1994 zuwa 1996. A shekarar 2002, ta haɗu da kafa Taki Concordia Conducting Fellowship, wanda yanzu shine Taki Alsop Conducting Fellowship, don masu shirya waƙa mata.   A ranar 20 ga Satumba, 2005, Alsop ya zama jagoran farko da ya taɓa samun tallafin karatu na MacArthur . 

### Ƙungiyar Makada ta Baltimore Symphony
A watan Satumba na 2005, an naɗa Alsop a matsayin daraktan kiɗa na 12 na Baltimore Symphony Orchestra, bayan an naɗa ta daraktan kiɗan da aka zaɓa don kakar kide-kide ta 2006-2007. Ita ce mace ta farko da aka naɗa don jagorantar wani babban ƙungiyar makaɗa ta Amurka. Naɗin ya haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce tsakanin membobin ƙungiyar makaɗa, waɗanda suka ji cewa ba a tuntube su sosai ba. Alsop ta yi nasarar magance damuwarsu.    A watan Yuni na 2009, ƙungiyar makaɗa ta sanar da tsawaita kwangilarta na tsawon shekaru biyar, har zuwa watan Agusta na 2015. 

A watan Yulin 2013, BSO ta sanar da tsawaita kwangilarta a matsayin daraktan kiɗa har zuwa kakar wasa ta 2020-2021.   A watan Fabrairun 2020, ƙungiyar makaɗa ta sanar da cewa Alsop za ta kammala aikinta na daraktan kiɗa a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2020-2021 kuma ta karɓi muƙamin darektan kiɗa.  Ta gudanar da jerin kade-kade na bankwana guda uku a lokacin bazara na 2021. 

Shirye-shiryen Alsop tare da BSO sun haɗa da *Jerin Fina-finai na Webumentary*, wani shirin iTunes kyauta mai suna *Clueless About Classical*, da kuma shirin OrchKids, wanda aka shirya wa yaran Baltimore marasa galihu.  A watan Agusta na 2015, an nada Alsop darakta a fannin gudanar da karatun digiri na biyu a Cibiyar Peabody ta Jami'ar Johns Hopkins, inda ta maye gurbin ɗaya daga cikin masu ba ta shawara, Gustav Meier . 

### Ƙarin aikin Amurka
A shekarar 2020, bikin Ravinia ya sanar da nadin Alsop a matsayin babban jagoran ƙungiyar a karon farko.  A watan Fabrairun 2022, bikin Ravinia ya sanar da tsawaita kwangilar Alsop har zuwa 2025.  A watan Janairun 2024, ƙungiyar Philadelphia Orchestra ta sanar da nadin Alsop a matsayin babban jagoran ƙungiyar, wanda zai fara aiki daga kakar wasa ta 2024-2025, tare da kwangilar farko ta yanayi 3. 

Alsop ya jagoranci ƙungiyar makaɗa ta Fort Worth Symphony Orchestra a zagaye na ƙarshe na gasar Piano ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta Van Cliburn a shekarar 2022 da 2025. 

### A wajen Amurka

A Burtaniya, Alsop ta yi aiki a matsayin babbar mai shirya baƙo tare da Royal Scottish National Orchestra da kuma tare da Birnin Landan Sinfonia .  Ta kasance Babbar Mai Gudanar da Ƙungiyar Orchestra ta Bournemouth Symphony  daga 2002 zuwa 2008, mace ta farko da ta zama babbar mai shirya baƙunci a tarihin ƙungiyar makaɗa.  An zaɓe ta a matsayin Mawakiyar Shekara ta Mujallar *Gramophone* a 2003 kuma ta lashe kyautar jagoran ƙungiyar Royal Philharmonic Society a wannan kakar. 

A watan Afrilun 2007, Alsop yana ɗaya daga cikin jagororin ƙungiyar makaɗa ta Burtaniya guda takwas da suka amince da sanarwar shekaru 10 ta wayar da kan jama'a game da kiɗan gargajiya mai taken "Ginawa akan Kyau: Orchestras for the 21st Century" wanda ya yi kira da a ƙara kasancewar kiɗan gargajiya a Burtaniya, gami da ba wa dukkan ɗaliban makarantar Burtaniya damar shiga wani wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗan gargajiya kyauta.  Alsop ya sami digirin girmamawa na Doctor of Music daga Jami'ar Bournemouth a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, 2007. Alsop ya yi aiki a matsayin Mai Zane-zane a Cibiyar Southbank, London, don kakar 2011-2012. 

A shekarar 2012, Alsop ta zama babbar mai shiryawa ta ƙungiyar São Paulo State Symphony Orchestra (OSP), mace ta farko da ta zama babbar mai shiryawa ta OSESP. A watan Yulin 2013, OSESP ta ba ta mukamin daraktan kiɗa kuma a watan Afrilun 2015 ta tsawaita kwangilarta har zuwa ƙarshen 2019. Alsop ta jagoranci ƙungiyar makaɗa a rangadin Turai, gami da fitowarta ta farko a gasar Proms a watan Agustan 2012, fitowar Proms ta farko da kowace ƙungiyar makaɗa ta Brazil ta yi. Sun koma Turai a watan Oktoban 2013, tare da kade-kade a Berlin, London, Paris, Salzburg da Vienna da kuma zuwa gasar Proms a watan Agustan 2016. Alsop ta kammala wa'adinta na OSESP a watan Disamba na 2019 kuma daga baya ta karɓi kyautar mai shiryawa ta girmamawa tare da ƙungiyar makaɗa.

A shekarar 2010, 2013, 2015 da 2016, Alsop ta jagoranci ƙungiyar makaɗa ta ƙasa ta Belgium a gasar Sarauniya Elisabeth . A ranar 7 ga Satumba, 2013, Alsop ta zama jagorar mata ta farko a gasar Last Night of The Proms, kuma ta dawo ta jagoranci gasar Last Night a ranar 12 ga Satumba, 2015.  A ranar 4 ga Satumba, 2014, a gasar Proms, an ba ta lambar girmamawa ta ƙungiyar Royal Philharmonic Society.  Alsop ta dawo ta jagoranci gasar Last Night of the Proms a shekarar 2023. 

A shekarar 2014, Alsop ta fara jagorantar ƙungiyar makaɗa ta rediyon Vienna Symphony Orchestra (RSO Wien). A watan Satumba na 2019, ta zama babbar mai shirya waƙa ta RSO Wien, babbar mai shirya waƙa ta farko a tarihin ƙungiyar makaɗa.   Alsop ta sami ɗaya daga cikin *kyaututtukan Crystal* na shekara-shekara na 25 na 2019 a taron shekara-shekara na taron tattalin arziki na duniya da aka yi a Davos, Switzerland .  Tun daga shekarar 2020, ta kasance mai fasaha a gidanta a Jami'ar Kiɗa da Fasaha ta Vienna .  Alsop ta kammala aikinta na RSO Wien a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2024-2025,  bayan haka ƙungiyar makaɗa ta sanya mata suna *Ehrendirigentin* (mai shirya waƙa ta girmamawa). 

A watan Yunin 2023, ƙungiyar makaɗa ta Rediyon Ƙasa ta Poland ta sanar da naɗin Alsop a matsayin darakta mai fasaha da kuma babban jagoranta, wacce ta zama mace ta farko da aka naɗa a matsayin jagoranta, wanda zai fara aiki daga kakar wasa ta 2023–2024. 

A watan Afrilun 2023, 'yan wasan ƙungiyar Philharmonia Orchestra sun naɗa Alsop a matsayin Babban Jagoran Baƙo daga kakar wasa ta 2023/24 na tsawon shekaru uku, "don girmama ƙwarewarta ta musamman a fannin kiɗa, jajircewarta ga bambancin ra'ayi da ilimi, da kuma faɗin waƙoƙinta". 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Tun daga shekarar 1990, Kristin Jurkscheit, wacce take buga ƙaho, ta kasance abokin wasan Alsop; suna da ɗa.    Yayin da Alsop ke jagorantar ƙungiyar Colorado Symphony, wadda abokin wasanta memba ne a cikinta, dangantakarsu ta haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce; Alsop ta amsa cewa dangantakar ta faru ne kafin nadinta don jagorantar ƙungiyar makaɗa kuma ba ta da wani tasiri ga aikinta. 

## Kundin Waƙoƙi
Alsop ta gudanar da rikodinta na farko a shekarar 2000 tare da Royal Scottish National Orchestra a cikin wasu ayyukan Samuel Barber, wanda aka fitar a matsayin wani ɓangare na *American Classics Series* on Naxos Records .  Wannan faifan ya biyo baya sannan aka sake shi sau huɗu tsakanin 2001 da 2004 don ayyukan Samuel Barber. A shekara ta 2003, ta fitar da faifan Leonardo na farko, wanda aka yi rikodin tare da Bournemouth SO da Chorus. Bayan haka, a shekara ta 2005, an zaɓi cikakken shirin Alsop na Bernstein's *Candide* tare da New York Philharmonic Orchestra don kyautar Emmy (DVD: PBS Great Performances/Image Entertainment).

A watan Yunin 2006, Alsop ta jagoranci BSO da mai goge Joshua Bell a cikin waƙar John Corigliano mai goge mai *suna The Red Violin*, wadda Sony Classics ta yi rikodin ta kuma aka sake ta a watan Satumbar 2007.  Ita da BSO sun fitar da rikodin su na farko kai tsaye don iTunes na waƙar Igor Stravinsky mai suna *The Rite of Spring* .  Bayan zuwanta ga mukamin Baltimore, ɗaya daga cikin ayyukanta na farko a matsayin daraktan kiɗa shine jerin rikodin Dvořák don Naxos. Faifan farko a cikin jerin, wanda ya ƙunshi Symphony No. 9, , da *Symphonic Variations*, an sake shi a watan Fabrairun 2008,  kuma an zaɓe ta don kundin waƙoƙin shekarar 2008 na *BBC Music Magazine* .

Sauran rikodin da Alsop tare da Naxos suka yi sun haɗa da zagayowar symphony na Johannes Brahms tare da ƙungiyar makaɗa ta London Philharmonic (zagayen symphony na Brahms na farko da aka yi rikodin kasuwanci ta hanyar jagorar mace), da kuma jerin rikodin SO na Bournemouth da ke ci gaba, waɗanda suka haɗa da The Miraculous Mandarin na Bartók, Chichester Psalms na Bernstein da kuma symphonies na Kurt Weill .

A shekarar 2009, Alsop ta fitar da rikodin *Mass* na Leonard Bernstein tare da BSO wanda ya sami lambar yabo ta Grammy don Mafi Kyawun Kundin Waƙoƙi na Gargajiya .  A shekarar 2010, rikodinta na Percussion Concerto na Jennifer Higdon tare da ƙungiyar makaɗa ta London Philharmonic kuma mai waƙa Colin Currie ta lashe kyautar Grammy don Mafi Kyawun Tsarin Waƙoƙi na Gargajiya na Zamani .  

Sauran fitowar da aka yi kwanan nan sun haɗa da waƙoƙin Dvořák masu lamba 7 & 8 tare da BSO,  *Nixon a China*,  da kuma ayyukan Roy Harris, Aaron Copland, da Barber, duk a kan lakabin Naxos. A shekarar 2012, Alsop da BSO sun fitar da rikodin Gustav Mahler 's Symphony No. 1, shi ma a kan Naxos. 

An fitar da rikodin Yunchan Lim na Rachmaninoff na Concerto na Piano da Orchestra na 3 a lokacin gasar Piano ta Van Cliburn ta kasa da kasa, wadda Alsop ya jagoranta, a ranar 16 ga Mayu, 2025. 

## Daraja da nasarori

### [[Lambar yabo ta Grammy|Kyaututtukan Grammy]]

### [[Emmy Awards|Kyaututtukan Emmy]]

### Sauran kyaututtuka

## Manazarta