Josephine Ryan

**Mary Josephine Ryan** (29 ga Disamba 1884 - 16 ga Afrilu 1977) 'yar ƙasar Ireland ce. Mamba ce a Cumann na mBan kuma sakatare mai daraja na kwamitin zartarwa, ta shiga cikin tashin Ista na 1916 da Yaƙin 'Yanci .

## Bayani
An haifi Mary Josephine Ryan a Tomcoole, kusa da Taghmon a County Wexford ga John Ryan da Eliza Sutton, kuma abokanta sun fi saninta da Min. Ta yi karatu a Loreto Abbey a Gorey da Dublin kuma ta yi makarantar kwana a Thurles mai suna The Ursuline . Bayan ta kammala karatun sakandare, ta halarci Jami'ar Royal ta Ireland, inda ta yi karatun Turanci, Jamusanci da Faransanci . Ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1908 daga Jami'ar Ƙasa bayan ta shafe lokaci a Faransa da Jamus.  

Ryan ya yi shekara biyu yana koyarwa a Jamus kuma yana koyar da Turanci, sannan ta koyar a Landan na tsawon shekaru huɗu. Bayan sun kammala karatunsu, kowace 'yar'uwar Ryan ta koyar da Turanci a Jamus ko Faransa. Ganin cewa dukkansu suna cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, 'yan'uwan sun yi amfani da wata hanya daban ta sadarwa. Sun aika da babban littafin rubutu, wanda kowace 'yar'uwa ta ba da gudummawa ga littafin rubutu ta hanyar rubuta wasiƙa. Littafin rubutu ya zama babbar hanyar sadarwa tsakanin 'yan'uwan Ryan kuma suka yi tafiya a Turai.

A lokacin da Ryan yake Landan, ta ci gaba da hulɗa da mutanen da ke zaune a ƙasashen waje na Ireland Nationalist . Bayan ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Ryan ya koma Ireland. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Kafin ta yi aure, ta zauna tare da 'yar uwarta na tsawon shekaru a Ranelagh . Ryan mace ce mai hankali da aiki kuma tana da farin jini sosai a tsakanin 'yan uwanta da 'yan'uwanta mata da sauran ƙawayenta matasa. Ta fi farin ciki lokacin da take shirin yin aure, lokacin da ita da 'yan'uwanta mata suka haɗu, suna cike da ra'ayoyi da ra'ayoyi don kansu, mazansu da 'ya'yansu. Mace ce mai kyau sosai tare da sha'awar al'amuran yau da kullun, kodayake ba ta da cikakken fahimta game da ƙananan bayanai na siyasa da gwagwarmayar neman 'yancin kai na ƙasa. Ta fi kyau a tarurrukan iyali da na zamantakewa. Duk 'ya'yan dangin Ryan goma sha biyu sun yi karatun sakandare, kuma goma sha ɗaya daga cikin goma sha biyu sun tafi tsohuwar Jami'ar Katolika ko Kwalejin Jami'a Dublin . Ryan tana ɗaya daga cikin ɗaliban ƙarshe da suka halarci makarantar. Iyalinta gidan ƙasa ne, tare da wasu 'yan'uwanta 11 da suka shiga cikin tashin Ista da yaƙe-yaƙe da suka biyo baya. Ɗan'uwanta James ya ci gaba da zama ɗan siyasa, 'yar'uwarta Nell ita ce mace ta farko da aka zaɓa a Majalisar Gundumar Wexford, yayin da wasu 'yan'uwa mata biyu, Mary Kate da Phyllis, suka auri (a lokuta daban-daban) ga Seán T. O'Kelly, Shugaban ƙasar Ireland na biyu.    

Ta haɗu da Seán Mac Diarma, wanda daga baya ya zama ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin Tashin Ista, yayin da take kwaleji. Bayan kammala karatunta, ta ƙaura zuwa Landan don halartar Jami'ar Landan kuma ta sami takardar shaidar malanta. A shekarar 1914, ta kafa reshen Cumann na mBan na gida a can. A shekarar 1915, ta koma Dublin don koyar da Jamusanci a Makarantar Fasaha ta Rathmines . Mac Diarma ta roƙe ta da ta je Jamus saboda ƙwarewarta a fannin yaren, amma bisa shawarar 'yan uwanta mata, ba ta je ba. An aika Joseph Plunkett maimakon haka. [1] [1]

Ryan ya yi wa Seán Mac Diarmada alkawari, ya bayyana ta a matsayin matar da zai aura idan ya rayu. Ita ce ɗaya daga cikin mutanen ƙarshe da suka ziyarce shi kafin Turawan Ingila su kashe shi bayan Tashin Yesu daga matattu.   

## Shiga cikin 1916
Da sassafe kafin a kashe Seán Mac Diarmada, ta bayyana ziyararta a cikin wani labari tare da 'yar uwarta Phyllis zuwa gare shi. Ryan yana nan a gidan da wasu daga cikin shugabannin tawayen suka haɗu, kuma suka yanke shawarar dakatar da taron Ista na 1916. Eoin MacNeill ya aika Ryan zuwa Wexford da saƙon cewa ba za a yi tashin ba. Ta isar da saƙon amma tana fatan cewa tashin zai ci gaba, ta gaya wa mutanen Wexford ra'ayinta kuma ta koma Dublin don ganin abin da zai faru. Duk da cewa tana da hannu a ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin Tashin, Ryan bai san da shirin ba, sai kawai ta fahimci cewa wani abu zai faru kuma amaryar ta tana da aiki sosai da damuwa.   

A lokacin tashin hankalin, Ryan ya aika saƙonni zuwa ga matan jami'an Birtaniya guda uku da aka kama da kuma sauran membobin ƙungiyar. Ta shaida yadda O'Rahilly ke ba da umarni a yi wa waɗanda aka kama a cikin rundunar 'yan sanda da mutunci da adalci. Fursunonin sun tabbatar da hakan daga baya ta hanyar faɗin yadda ya tabbatar da kyakkyawar mu'amala da amincinsu.  

Bayan mika wuya, ba a kama Ryan ba domin ba ta nan a ko'ina. Ta dawo gida lokacin da wani maharbi ya harbi kare a gabanta yayin da take komawa ga babban jami'in 'yan sanda da ke wucewa Kwalejin Likitocin Fiɗa. Ita da Louise Gavan Duffy sun je Jacob's Factory a safiyar Lahadi don shaida mika wuya na ƙarshe na mazan da ke wurin. Kuma, babu ɗaya daga cikin matan da aka kama a wannan wurin. Jami'in Birtaniya da ke wurin bai damu da matan ba.  

An yi rikodin tattaunawa a kan RTE don cika shekaru 50 na Tashin Hankali tsakanin Ryan da Mulcahy. Tattaunawar ta ƙunshi haɗuwa da abubuwan da Ryan ya fuskanta a makon Tashin Hankali, sannan aka yi tattaunawa wadda ta ba da kyakkyawar fahimtar makon. 

## Manazarta