Gidan shakatawa na Cape Gata-Níjar

Gidan shakatawa na Cabo de Gata-Níjar (Spanish) wurin shakatawa ne na halitta wanda ke cikin Almería, Spain . Ita ce mafi girman yankin da aka kare a bakin teku a Andalusia, wanda ke nuna shimfidar wuri. Gidan shakatawa yana kan kudu maso gabashin Spain, yanki ɗaya kawai a Turai tare da Yanayin hamada mai zafi (Köppen climate classification: BWh). 

Dutsen da ake kira Sierra del Cabo de Gata ya samar da dutsen dutse mai fitattun wuta tare da tsaunuka masu kaifi da duwatsu. Mafi girman tudu a kan wannan tsaunin shine El Fraile (Sierra del Cabo de Gata) . Yana faɗuwa sosai zuwa Tekun Bahar Rum, yana haifar da tsaunuka masu tsawo na mita 100 (330  da aka raba ta hanyar gullies, yana haifar le ƙananan ƙananan tuddai da rairayin bakin teku masu farin yashi.

Akwai ƙananan tsibirai masu yawa da coral reefs a yankin. A shekara ta 1997, an sanya shi a matsayin UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. A shekara ta 2001, an haɗa shi cikin Yankunan da aka Kare na Musamman na Muhimmancin Bahar Rum. Saboda kaddarorin adsorptive da ƙarancin ƙwayoyinta, an yi nazarin yankin a matsayin wuri mai yiwuwa don adanawa mai zurfi na sharar gida.

## Yanayin ƙasa

Gidan shakatawa na Cabo de Gata-Níjar yana da alamun dutsen dutse da kuma kwararar dutse, tsaunuka na dutse, da calderas na dutsen dutsen. Gidan shakatawa ya shiga Cibiyar Nazarin Geoparks ta Duniya ta UNESCO a shekara ta 2006, kuma memba ne na Cibiyar Nazaren Geoparks na Turai.

Tsakanin ƙauyen San Miguel da Cabo de Gata akwai filayen gishiri (*Las Salinas de Cabo de Gata*) da aka raba daga teku da sandar  m (1,300 . Gidan gishiri shafin Ramsar ne.

Tekun wurin shakatawa na halitta yana da gadaje ciyawar teku na asalin Posidonia da murjani reefs na bakin teku waɗanda ke karbar bakuncin mazauna da jinsunan ruwa masu wucewa.  Wani yanki mai faɗin murabba'in kilomita 120 (sq mi) na jimlar yankin da aka keɓe shi ne wurin ajiyar ruwa, wanda ya shimfiɗa ƙarƙashin ruwa zuwa zurfin mita 60 (200 ft).

Halin ciyayi a cikin yankin ƙasa shine tsire-tsire masu dacewa da fari: babban agave, pear mai tsayi, dabino mai laushi, da kuma Xerophytes da yawa (wasu daga cikinsu suna da iyaka).

## Yanayi
Cabo de gata tana fuskantar Yanayin hamada mai zafi (Köppen climate classification: *BWh*) tare da yanayin zafi a duk shekara saboda tasirin teku. Lokacin hunturu yana da sauƙin gaske ta hanyar ka'idodin Turai kuma yana da wasu dag hunturu mafi zafi a Turai. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara kusan  ° C (67.6 ° F), kuma matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-mako yana kusa da 156 mm (6.1 in), wanda aka rubuta a Faro del Cabo de Gata (36°43'18.8"N, 2°11'34.69"W) a lokacin 1961-1990. Yankin ne mafi bushe a Turai da kuma mafi bushe a Spain, ban da tsibirin Canary. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya kasance ƙasa da millimeters 150 (5.9 in). A lokacin rani, dare na wurare masu zafi sun zama ruwan dare kuma, a matsakaici, Cabo de Gata yana da dare na wurare marasa zafi 119 a kowace shekara. Cabo de Gata ya sauka a matsayin    a watan Fabrairun 1979 yayin da ya kai    A watan Yulin 1975. Wadannan yanayin zafi an rubuta su a Cibiyar Kwarewar Michelin a Almería, wanda ke cikin ciki na Cabo de Gata, kimanin kilomita 10 (6.2  daga Faro del Cabo de Gata . 
 

## Tasirin ɗan adam a wurin shakatawa

A tarihi, yankin ba shi da yawan jama'a saboda mawuyacin yanayi na noma da kuma wuri mai nisa, wanda ya sa ba a lalata shi sosai - lamarin da ba a saba gani ba a gabar tekun Bahar Rum na Spain.  A cikin 1997, an rubuta mutane 3,500 a matsayin suna zaune a cikin iyakokin [ana maganar hujja].  Kare wuraren shakatawa na halitta a yanzu sun sami alkawurra don kiyaye fadada wuraren zama karkashin kulawa.  An yi watsi da wuraren da ke kusa da wurin shakatawa na dabi'a kamar gonaki, gidaje, masana'antu, da kuma wasu lokuta, ƙauyuka gabaɗaya tun daga lokuta daban-daban a cikin lokaci [ana binciken hujja].  Ba a fayyace ainihin dalilan yin watsi da shi ba, amma ana tunanin cewa matsanancin yanayi na noma tare da ba da izinin ginawa da kuma yanayin tattalin arzikin da ake fama da shi a lokacin na iya zama manyan dalilai.  Wannan wani abu ne da ke ci gaba har zuwa yau tare da watakila mafi kyawun misali shine Algarrobico 

A shekara ta 2003, an fara aikin otal a Playa del Algarrobico tsakanin Carboneras da Mojacar, kawai a cikin wurin shakatawa. An dakatar da aikin a kan aikin. Tushen da yawa sun yi iƙirarin cewa wannan aikin ci gaba ne ba bisa ka'ida ba, kodayake da alama cewa kwanan nan shirye-shiryen rushewa, waɗanda ke adawa da kananan hukumomi 14, suna matsawa kusa. A cikin 2021, babbar kotun yanki ta Andalusia ta yanke hukuncin cewa ba lallai ba ne a lalata otal ɗin saboda mai haɓaka ƙasa yana da lasisin gini mai inganci.

Yawancin unguwanni da gine-ginen da aka watsar har yanzu suna tsaye saboda ana ɗaukar su muhimman wuraren tarihi. Misalan wannan sune ƙauyukan hakar ma'adinai da aka bari a kusa da Rodalquilar .  Wani misali shine Cortijo del Fraile . An sami matakai don dawo da shi, amma har yanzu, babu wani abu da ya faru sai dai 'yan ƙoƙari na tara kuɗi.

## Yawon shakatawa
Yawon shakatawa yana daya daga cikin manyan masana'antu a cikin Parque Natural de Cabo de Gata, tare da baƙi da ke zuwa galibi a lokacin bazara da watanni na rani. A cikin 1998, masu yawon bude ido 500,000 sun ziyarci yankin.

Yawon shakatawa na muhalli ya zama sananne a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Gidan shakatawa yana ba da yawon shakatawa na ruwa da jirgin ruwa, da kuma ayyukan waje masu kula da muhalli ciki har da kallon tsuntsaye, daukar hoto, da tafiye-tafiye na filin don ilimin ƙasa. Akwai zane-zane da sana'o'i da yawa bisa ga al'adun gida waɗanda har yanzu ana gudanar da su a kusa da Parque Natural de Cabo de Gata kuma musamman a cikin ƙaramin Moorish "pueblo blanco" na Níjar. Ayyukan gargajiya da sana'o'i sun haɗa da yumbu, tukwane, yin kafet da kayan ado (kwando, hular, takalma, da dai sauransu) da aka yi da ciyawa. 

Duk da yake cibiyar sadarwar ba ta da yawa, akwai hanyoyi da yawa waɗanda ke ba da tafiye-tafiye na rana. Caldera de Majada Redonda yana daya daga cikin irin wannan hanyar da ke kaiwa ga tsakiyar tsohuwar dutsen wuta.

## Garuruwa
Akwai wasu kananan garuruwa a yankin Cabo de Gata.

### Ruwa mai zaki
An fassara shi daga Mutanen Espanya, Agua Amarga a zahiri yana nufin "Ruwa mai zaki". Wannan sunan ya samo asali ne daga lokacin da jiragen kasa da aka yi amfani da su don kawo ma'adanai daga ma'adinai a cikin Sierra Alhamilla kuma sunadarai da aka yi šomišwa a cikin aikin hakar ma'adarai za su lalata rijiyoyin a cikin garin.

### Cape Gata

The strip of beach known as Playa de San Miguel and the adjacent road stretches from the small village of Cabo de Gata to La Fabriquilla before ascending a tiny mountain pass toward the Arrecife de las Sirenas and the beaches beyond. This coastal strip is generally known as Cabo de Gata although it comprises several little smaller villages (pueblitos) including Cabo de Gata, Almadraba de Monteleva, and La Fabriquila. At Almadraba de Monteleva are the salt works that are still operational, next to the salt works are the ram-shackled and salt-blasted houses of former workers, some of which are still occupied. Opposite these houses is the church of San Miguel. Behind the salt works are the lagoons known as *Las Salinas de Cabo de Gata*. Cabo de Gata has a tradition of fishing, which continues to this day, and there are several old fishing boats that have been left along the Playa de San Miguel as artifacts of days gone by. These are said to have an important ethnological value and are left as a "living museum" .

### Carboneras
Garin Carboneras yana kusa da iyakar gabashin Parque Natural de Cabo de Gata .

Ya kasance ɗan ɗan bayan gari kuma yana kan hanyar zuwa Agua Amarga, bakin tekun naturist na Playa de los Muertos (Tekun Matattu).  Carboneras kuma an san shi a matsayin garin kiɗan kai tsaye  saboda Teatro de Musica da sauran ƙananan wurare da yawa waɗanda ke ɗaukar kiɗan kai tsaye duk shekara.  A gefen yammacinta tana da yankin masana'antu wanda ya haɗu da tashar wutar lantarki, babban tashar siminti, ɗaya daga cikin manyan tsire-tsire na turawa (reverse-osmosis), da tashar jiragen ruwa, waɗanda duk sun riga sun rigaya gidan shakatawa na ƙasa [ana hujja].  An yi amfani da tashar wutar lantarki don binciken kama carbon 

### Baƙar fata
Las Negras ƙauye ne da ke bakin teku zuwa ƙarshen gabashin wurin shakatawa kuma kawai zuwa yammacin Agua Amarga .

### Abaricocs
Los Albaricoques ita ce garin Agua Caliente a cikin fina-finai na Sergio Leone . Harbi na karshe a cikin fim din Spaghetti na Yamma For a Few Dollars More ya faru ne a tsakiyar Los Albaricoques. Akwai shago daya da mashaya biyu kawai a Los Albaricoques. Ba da nisa da garin Los Albaricoques ba ne sanannen Cortijo del Fraile, tushen wasan kwaikwayo na Federico Garcia Lorca, Bodas de Sangre (Blood Wedding), wanda ke nuna laifin sha'awar da ya faru kusa da [ana buƙatar hujja].

### Níjar
Níjar tana cikin ƙasa kuma a gefen arewacin wurin shakatawa. Níjar tana karbar bakuncin zanga-zangar a ranar Semana Santa (Mekni Mai Tsarki). A cikin manyan garuruwa da birane da ke kewaye da Spain, waɗannan processions suna da kyau sosai ciki har da wasu lokuta wasu animatronics masu rikitarwa amma a cikin ƙananan garuruwa, kamar a Níjar, sun fi "ƙasa".

### Rodalquilar

Garin Rodalquilar yana zaune a tsakiyar Parque Natural de Cabo de Gata . Akwai zane-zane da yawa da ke nuna zane, daukar hoto, tukwane, da yumbu. An san Rodalaquilar a lardin Almería don ma'adinan zinariya na dā. Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun rairayin bakin teku kusa da Rodalquilar shine Playa el Playazo . Wannan rairayin bakin teku yana da tsawon mita 400 da faɗin mita 30, kuma yashi yana da zinariya kuma yana da kyau.

Dangane da yawancin rairayin bakin teku masu a tsakiya da kuma zuwa ƙarshen yammacin wurin shakatawa na halitta, tekun yana ba da kyan gani don snorkeling ko ruwa.  [ana yanayi hujja][].  El Playazo yana kewaye da wani dutse da Castle na Saint Ramon.  An gina wannan katafaren gini a karni na 18 domin bakin tekun Almería ya kare kansa daga hatsarin teku.

Rodalquilar ita ce garin Rodalquilares Gold Mine, wanda ke aiki lokaci-lokaci daga zamanin Roman zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1960. An gano sabon ma'adinin Rodalquilarite a can.  An yi amfani da aikin ma'adinai da aka watsar don shirya fim din bayan apocalyptic 

### San Jose

San José karamin tashar kamun kifi ne a tsakiyar wurin shakatawa kuma ana iya isa daga Filin jirgin saman Almería da Autovia A-7. Ya fi shahara a lokacin bazara da watanni na rani, saboda ayyukan da rairayin bakin teku na San José zasu iya bayarwa kamar snorkel ko iyo. Ofishin yawon bude ido na cikin gida yana ba da ma'anar bincike don ayyukan da ke cikin Parque Natural de Cabo de Gata .

Akwai ƙananan garuruwa da ƙauyuka da yawa a cikin Parque Natural de Cabo de Gata, misali, Campohermoso, Fernán Pérez, Isleta del Moro, Los Escullos, Pozo de los Frailes, da San Isidro.

## Tsire-tsire

Akwai fiye da shuke-shuke 1,000 da aka rubuta a cikin ajiyar, wasu daga cikinsu suna cikin Parque Natural de Cabo de Gata kuma sun zama alamomin wurin shakatawa na halitta. Gidan shakatawa na Cabo de Gata ya gabatar da yanayin yanayi na musamman, wanda ke ba da damar tsire-tsire su yi amfani da ruwan sama. Wadannan tsire-tsire sun bambanta sosai, suna tsira da yanayi kuma suna daidaitawa da halaye na ƙasa. 

Itacen dabino na Turai (Chamaerops humilis)  itace dabino mai kama da itace, tare da rassan da yawa da ke girma daga tushe ɗaya. Ita ce kawai nau'in dabino na asali a nahiyar Turai kuma galibi ana samun ta a kudu maso yammacin Turai (Spain, Portugal, Italiya, Malta, da wasu wurare a bakin tekun Bahar Rum na Faransa) da arewa maso yammacin Afirka (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia). Itacen dabino na asali na Turai kawai yana ba da karancin ruwa mai zurfi tare da Raɓa da danshi mai iska. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;**&#x5D;

### Agave americana (Pita)

### Dragoncillo del Cabo
Wasu daga cikin tsire-tsire da ke cikin Parque Natural de Cabo de Gata sun haɗa da pink snapdragon (*Antirrhinum charidemi*), wanda aka sani da mazauna yankin da *Dragoncillo del Cabo* . Wannan tsire-tsire mai kama da shi ana kiransa *Dragoncillo del Cabo* saboda furanni suna da ruwan hoda tare da jijiyoyi masu duhu. Yana girma a cikin raguwar dutse, gangaren duwatsu, da gangaren dutsen wuta kusa da teku.

A kusa da filayen gishiri akwai yankuna na saltwort, kara na yau da kullun (*Phragmites australis*), da glasswort (Salicornia fruticosa). A cikin ruwan bakin teku akwai gadaje masu yawa na ciyawa (*Posidonia oceanica*), wanda ke da alaƙa da Bahar Rum, da nau'ikan nau'ikan teku 260.

## Dabbobi

An rubuta nau'ikan dabbobi 1,100 a cikin wurin shakatawa, mafi yawansu tsuntsaye ne. Tarayyar Turai ta sanya Yankin Karewa na Musamman don rayuwar tsuntsaye. Gidan gishiri yana ba da muhimmiyar wurin zama ga tsuntsaye mazauna da dubban tsuntsaye masu ƙaura waɗanda ke tsayawa a kan tafiyarsu tsakanin Turai da Afirka. Dabbobi da aka samo a kusa da filayen gishiri sun haɗa da flamingos (*Phoenicopterus roseus*); launin toka (*Ardea cinerea*); purple herons (*Ardea purpurea*); storks; Cranes; waders ciki har da avocets da oystercatchers; da kuma Ducks masu wucewa.

Yawancin nau'o'in lark suna zaune a kan tsaunuka, gami da rare Dupont's lark (*Chersophilus duponti*). Har ila yau akwai ƙananan bustards (*Tetrax tetrax*) da dutse curlews (*Burhinus oedicnemus*). Tsuntsayen teku sun haɗa da Gulls masu launin rawaya (*Larus michahellis*), terns, razorbills (*Alca torda*), shags, wani lokaci puffin (*Fratercula arctica*) ko Cory's shearwater (*Calonectris diomedea*), da Balearic shearwaters (*Puffinus mauretanicus*). Dukiyar rayuwar dabba tana ba da ganima ga raptors da yawa: ospreys (*Pandion haliaetus*), falcons peregrine (*Falco peregrinus*), Kestrels (*Falco tinnunculus*), da gaggafa.

Kimanin nau'ikan dabbobi masu rarrafe 15 suna samuwa a cikin wurin shakatawa, gami da lizards na bango na Italiya (*Podarcis sicula*), lizards (*Timon lepidus*), macijin ciyawa (*Natrix natrix*), da Lataste's viper (*Vipera latastei*).

Gidan ajiyar teku yana da nau'o'in crustaceans, molluscs, da kifi daban-daban ciki har da Cuttlefish na yau da kullun (*Sepia officinalis*), *Pinna nobilis* clam (wanda ke samar da siliki na teku), Mediterranean moray (Muraena helena), wanda Romawa suka ɗauka a matsayin abincin daɗi, garfish (*Belone belone*), da gurnard mai tashi (*Dactylopterus volitans*), wanda ke amfani da fukafukan kirji don "yi tafiya" tare da teku. Seaweeds suna karɓar kifi kamar su bream da grouper.

Daga cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa a cikin wurin shakatawa akwai nau'ikan Halitta na yau da kullun (*Genetta genetta*), naman alade (Sus *Scrofa*), gidan lambu (*Eliomys quercinus*), da kuma mafi ƙanƙanta weasel (*Mustela nivalis*), wanda shine mafi ƙanshin dabbobi masu cin nama na duniya. An yi amfani da ciyawa don samar da wurin zama ga hatimi mai haɗari (*Monachus monachus*). Har zuwa shekarun 1960 yana daya daga cikin wuraren karshe inda wannan hatimi ya girma a Spain, tsibirin Tabarca shine ɗayan. Kodayake a wasu lokuta ana ganin su a bakin teku, babu hatimi da suka haifa a wurin shakatawa tun 1965.

## Kafofin watsa labarai
An yi fina-finai masu ban sha'awa a wurin shakatawa, a Playa de Mónsul, kamar *Antony da Cleopatra* (1972), The NeverEnding Story (1984), The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (1988), Indiana Jones da Last Crusade (1989), da Talk to Her (2002). 

Yawancin fim din Sexy Beast na 2000 an harbe shi a wani gida a Agua Amarga .