Jeanne Deroin

**Jeanne Deroin** (sunan sirri, **Jeanne Victoire**; 31 ga Disamba 1805 - 2 ga Afrilu 1894) 'yar asalin Faransa ce. Ta shafe rabin rayuwarta a gudun hijira a Landan, inda ta ci gaba da ayyukanta na shirya.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haife shi a birnin Paris, Deroin ya zama mai sutura. A shekara ta 1831, ta shiga cikin mabiyan mai mulkin gurguzu Henri de Saint-Simon . Don sanarwa da ta buƙaci game da imanin da ta yi a cikin ka'idodinsu, ta rubuta wata kasida mai shafi 44, a wani bangare wanda Olympe na Gouges '1791 Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen ya yi wahayi zuwa gare ta, inda Deroin ya yi jayayya da ra'ayin cewa mata sun fi maza ƙasa, kuma ya kwatanta aure da bautar. Duk da haka, a cikin 1832, ta auri Antoine Ulysse Desroches, ɗan'uwan Saint-Simonite, amma ta ki ɗaukar sunansa  kuma ta nace kan yin alkawarin daidaito a cikin bikin farar hula. 

Daga baya a cikin 1832, Deroin ya kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar mata masu aiki waɗanda, don nuna rashin amincewa a Saint-Simonites hierarchical  da yanayin addini  suka bar ƙungiyar, kuma suka zama magoya bayan ɗan gurguzu Charles Fourier. Sun fara buga La Femme libre, jaridar farko ga mata a Faransa,  wanda ta rubuta a ƙarƙashin sunan "Jeanne Victoire". 

A wannan lokacin, Deroin ya cancanci zama malamin makaranta. Daga 1834, ta mayar da hankali kan wannan aikin, da kuma tayar da 'ya'yanta da na Flora Tristan.

## Juyin Juya Halin 1848

Deroin ya kasance fitaccen mutum a lokacin Juyin Juya Halin 1848, yana yakin neman zabe kan 'yancin mata da kuma adawa da cin zarafin yara da kuma mummunan bi da masu laifi. Tare da wasu mata masu tsattsauran ra'ayi kamar Pauline Roland, Eugenie Niboyet da Desirée Gay, ta ƙaddamar da jaridar mata ta gurguzu da kulob din, Voix des Femmes . Ta jagoranci kira ga mata masu jefa kuri'a. Ba da daɗewa ba aka tilasta wa kungiyar rufewa, amma Deroin ya yi aiki tare da Gay don kafa jaridar Association Mutuelle des Femmes da Politique des Femmes .  Kungiyar ta ba da darussan kyauta ga mata masu aiki. Politique des Femmes nan da nan ta sami kanta ba za ta iya tada takardar tsaro ta 5,000 da gwamnati ke bukata ba. Deroin ya maye gurbinsa da Opinion des Femmes, amma wannan ya kasance kawai daya.

A watan Janairun 1849, Deroin ya sake gabatar da Opinion des Femmes . Ta ci gaba da kamfen dinta, kuma musamman ta yi jayayya da masanin falsafa mai suna Pierre-Joseph Proudhon .  Deroin ta tsaya a cikin Sashen Seine a zaben majalisar dokokin Faransa na 1849, ta zama mace ta farko a Faransa da ta tsaya a zaben kasa. Ta tsaya ga Comité Démocrate Sociale, amma ta sami kuri'u goma sha biyar kawai, a wani bangare saboda ba za a ba ta izinin zama ba. Daga nan sai ta zama Mataimakin Shugaban kungiyar Société Populaire pour le Progression et la Réalisation de la Science Sociale, wacce ta yi kamfen don juyin juya halin zamantakewa na zaman lafiya.

A cikin fitowar karshe ta Opinion des Femmes, ta watan Agusta 1849, Deroin ya yi kira ga kafa Association Fraternelle et Solidaire de Toutes les Associations, yana ganin shi a matsayin damar canza motsi na hadin gwiwa zuwa ƙungiyar juyin juya hali wanda zai iya shirya aiki ta hanyar ƙungiyoyin da ke da alaƙa da shi, kawar da albashi da sarrafa tattalin arziki.[1]

Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa ta ba ta da Gay 12,000 francs don kafa ƙungiyar mata masu sa tufafin mata da ke yin tufafin mata,  kuma ƙungiyar 'yan uwa tare da wani nau'i mai laushi na shawararta da farko ta sami damar haɗa ƙungiyoyi sama da ɗari da ke akwai. An zabi Deroin a cikin kwamitin tsakiya, tare da Roland. Koyaya, Gwamnati ta sannu a hankali ta danne kungiyar, kuma a watan Mayu na shekara ta 1850, an kai hari ofisoshin ta, an kama mambobi 46.

## Kurkuku da gudun hijira

An tsare Deroin a kurkuku har zuwa Yuni 1851, ta amfani da wannan lokacin don ci gaba da kamfen kan 'yancin mata.  Ta rubuta wa kungiyoyi ciki har da Yarjejeniyar 'Yancin Mata ta Kasa a Massachusetts da kuma Sheffield Female Political Association, tana ba da shawara game da dabarun. Lokacin da aka sake ta, ta koma koyarwa, amma a cikin 1852, saboda tsoron sake kamawa, ta yi tafiya zuwa London tare da 'ya'yanta biyu mafi ƙanƙanta. Ta zauna a Shepherd's Bush, inda ta yi aiki a koyarwa da zane-zane. Ta kuma wallafa almanacs na mata guda uku kuma ta ci gaba da aiki don tallafawa hadin gwiwar ma'aikata.

A cikin 1862, Deroin ya kafa makarantar kwana don yara na 'yan gudun hijirar Faransa, da nufin shigar da yara mafi talauci, amma aikin bai tabbatar da samun damar kudi ba. A shekara ta 1871, sabuwar Gwamnatin Faransa ta ba ta karamin fansho. Kodayake ta kasance a Landan, ta ci gaba da rubutu tare da masu fafutukar mata da masu fafatawa a Faransa, kamar Léon Richer, Madame Arnaud da Hubertine Auclert . 

A cikin shekarun 1880, Deroin ta shiga Kungiyar Socialist League, kuma wanda ya kafa ta William Morris ya gabatar da jawabin a jana'izarta.

## Manazarta