Michael Mortimore

**Michael Mortimore** (7 Satumba 1937, a Bermuda - 10 Satumba 2017 ) masanin ilimin ƙasa ne na Burtaniya kuma mai bincike ne game da batutuwa a cikin busassun Afirka. Ya kasance malami a jami'o'in Najeriya sama da shekaru 25. Ya gudanar da wani mai ba da shawara kan bincike na Burtaniya, Drylands Research . An fi saninsa da asusun anti-Malthusian game da dangantakar yawan jama'a da muhalli, More People, Less Erosion, da kuma nazarin filin da aka saba da fari.

## Tarihi
Mahaifin Mortimore ya yi aiki a Cable &amp;amp; Wireless plc kuma a sakamakon haka, an haifi Mortimore a Bermuda kuma ya yi karatu a Tsibirin Ascension, kafin ya shiga Makarantar Monkton Combe a Somerset lokacin da aka tura mahaifinsa zuwa Aden. Ya halarci Jami'ar Leeds (BA Geography 1960, MA 1962) inda ya sadu da matarsa, Julia . Ya bar Burtaniya a 1962 don ya zama malami a Najeriya.

Ya shiga cikin gina ikon Najeriya don horar da tallafawa bincikensa na hadin gwiwa a cikin yanayin mutum da muhalli. Ya fara koyarwa da bincike a Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello, Zaria, tsakanin 1962 da 1979, lokacin da ya horar da dalibai da yawa, ya gina ɗakin karatu na taswira, kuma ya shirya mujallar *Savanna* . Ya kasance Farfesa na Geography a sabuwar Jami'ar Bayero, Kano, daga 1979 zuwa 1986. Daga nan sai ya bar Najeriya, wanda iyalinsa suka riga shi, bayan tsattsauran ra'ayi na addini a Kano wanda aka yi niyya ga Kiristoci.

## Gudummawar bincike
An san Mortimore da nazarin da ya yi game da tsarin noma, canjin muhalli da daidaitawar ɗan adam da fari a cikin busassun yankuna na arewacin Najeriya, da kuma aikin kwatankwacin a Kenya, Nijar, da Senegal. Ya kimanta sauye-sauyen ɗan adam na gida da na yanki ga yanayi mai tsanani da rikitarwa.

Mortimore ya samar da matani da yawa masu tasiri da tunani; waɗannan sun haɗa da Adapting to Drought (1989), Working the Sahel (tare da W.M. Adams, 1999) da kuma asusun sake fasalin hanyoyin rayuwa a Machakos, Kenya mai taken More People, Less Erosion (tare da M. Tiffen da F. Gichuki, 1994).

Binciken Mortimore da wallafe-wallafen duk sun damu da wuraren da suka bushe na Afirka. *Daidaitawa ga fari* shine taƙaitaccen ra'ayinsa na dogon lokaci cewa har ma da ƙananan masu mallakar Afirka 'sun saba' da nasara sosai ga canjin yanayi da fari mai tsanani, maimakon miƙa wuya ga shi. Ya dogara ne akan lura da hannu na farko, lura da iska-da-blow sama da shekaru 25, kuma musamman na yunwa da fari na Sahelian na ƙarshen 1970s da 1980s. Man fetur na itace a Kano (tare da Reg Cline-Cole et al.) wani cikakken bincike ne game da kasuwar man fetur kuma an gudanar da shi a ƙarshen shekarun 1980 bayan manyan fari.

Wani aikin da Mortimore ya yi daga Burtaniya a cikin shekarun 1990 an gudanar da shi tare da Farfesa Bill Adams (Cambridge) da abokan aikin Najeriya, kuma ta amfani da kudaden ESRC. Ya kawo bincikensa na farko na Najeriya zuwa yau kuma ya fadada shi ta hanyar sabbin binciken filin a yankin, yana gabatar da samfurin yadda masu aikin gona da kiwo ke hulɗa da matsin muhalli da tattalin arziki a yankin (duba Aikin Sahel, 1999).

Daga 1991, Mortimore ya fara babban aikin tare da Mary Tiffen da Francis Gichuki, a cikin Machakos Hills na Kenya. Wannan yankin an daɗe ana riƙe shi da mummunar lalacewa tare da karuwar yawan jama'a. Masu bincike - bayan samun kudade daga tushe daban-daban - sun fara gwada samfuran jama'a da muhalli da alaƙa. Da yake dogaro da (da inganta) aikin Ester Boserup, sun gano ci gaban yawan jama'a da inganta muhalli ya faru da yawa da sauran hanyoyin noma, terracing, da ƙungiyoyin al'umma masu ƙarfi. Kwatanta hotunan Mortimore daga 1930 da 1990 ya nuna ci gaba a cikin shimfidar wurare da kuma gudanar da albarkatu (maimakon lalacewa da talauci, wanda aka ɗauka ya kasance), duk da cewa yana da yawan jama'a da sauye-sauyen tsarin aiki.

## Manazarta