Emily Stowe

**Emily Howard Stowe** (née Jennings; Mayu 1, 1831 - Afrilu 30, 1903)  Likitan Kanada ne wanda shine likitan mata na farko da ya yi aiki a Kanada, likitan mata mai lasisi na biyu a Kanada  kuma mai fafutuka don haƙƙin mata da zaɓen.  Stowe ya taimaka wajen gano ƙungiyar mata a Kanada kuma ya yi kamfen don kwalejin likitanci na farko na ƙasar don mata.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Emily Howard Jennings a Garin Norwich, Oxford County, Ontario, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'ya mata shida na manoma Hannah Howard da Solomon Jennings .  Yayinda Solomon ya tuba zuwa Methodism, Hannah (wanda ya yi karatu a makarantar sakandare ta Quaker a Amurka) ya haifi 'ya'yanta mata a matsayin Quakers a cikin al'umma da ke ƙarfafa mata su shiga da samun ilimi. Ta yi karatu a gida Stowe da 'yan uwanta mata biyar kuma ta koya musu ƙwarewa a warkar da ganye. Bayan koyarwa a makarantun gida na tsawon shekaru bakwai, gwagwarmayar jama'a don cimma daidaito ga mata ta fara ne a 1852, lokacin da ta nemi shiga Kwalejin Victoria, Cobourg, Ontario. An ƙi ta ne saboda ita mace ce, ta nemi zuwa Makarantar Normal ta Upper Canada, wacce Egerton Ryerson ya kafa kwanan nan a Toronto. Ta shiga a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1853 kuma ta kammala karatu tare da girmamawa na farko a shekara ta 1854.  An hayar ta a matsayin shugabar Makarantar jama'a ta Brantford, Ontario, ita ce mace ta farko da ta zama shugabar makarantar gwamnati a Upper Canada. Ta koyar a can har zuwa aurenta a 1856 (duba mashaya ta aure).

Ta auri John Fiuscia Michael Heward Stowe a shekara ta 1856. A cikin shekaru bakwai masu zuwa ta haifi 'ya'ya uku: maza biyu da mace. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haihuwar ɗansu na uku, mijinta ya kamu da tarin fuka, wanda ya sa ta sake sha'awar magani. Bayan da ta sami gogewa tare da Magungunan ganye da maganin homeopathic tun daga shekarun 1840, Emily Stowe ta bar koyarwa kuma ta yanke shawarar zama likita.

## Ayyukan likita
An hana Stowe shiga Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Toronto a 1865 kuma Mataimakin Shugabanta ya gaya mata, "Ba a bude kofofin Jami'ar ga mata kuma ban amince da su ba za su taba zama ba. "  Ba za ta iya karatun likitanci a Kanada ba, Emily Stowe ta sami digiri a Amurka daga Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiyar New York ta Mata a 1867. A wannan shekarar, ta koma Kanada kuma ta bude aikin likita a Toronto,  a kan titin Richmond,  wanda ya kware wajen kula da mata da yara. Stowe ta sami wasu shahararrun gida ta hanyar laccoci na jama'a game da lafiyar mata kuma ta ci gaba da kasancewa da kwastomomi ta hanyar tallace-tallace na jarida.

A tsakiyar shekarun 1860, tsarin lasisin likitanci na Kanada ya fara buƙatar likitoci da likitoci masu horar da homeopathic a Amurka don samun lasisi ta hanyar ɗaukar ƙarin darussan da jarrabawa. A cikin 1869, an hana aikace-aikacen Stowe zuwa Jami'ar Toronto don karatun ilmin sunadarai da ilimin lissafi.  A cikin 1870, shugaban Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Toronto, Dokta William Thomas Aikins, ya ba da izini na musamman ga Stowe da ɗan'uwansa ɗalibi Jennie Kidd Trout don halartar azuzuwan, abin da ake buƙata ga likitocin likita tare da lasisin ƙasashen waje. Da yake fuskantar ƙiyayya daga malamai maza da ɗalibai, Stowe ya ki yin jarrabawar baki da rubuce-rubuce kuma ya bar makarantar.

A shekara ta 1879, daya daga cikin marasa lafiya na Stowe, Sarah Lovell mai shekaru goma sha tara, ta mutu, kuma an tuhumi Stowe da samar da zubar da ciki ga mai haƙuri. Stowe ta shaida cewa ta ba Lovell kashi ɗaya cikin talatin na cikakken maganin da zai iya haifar da zubar da ciki, adadi da ya yi ƙanƙanta don haifar da zub da ciki. Yawancin mambobi da shugabannin maza na al'ummar likitancin Toronto sun zo don kare ta. Kodayake juri na mai binciken ya yanke hukuncin cewa Lovell ta kashe kanta, an tuhumi Stowe da yin zubar da ciki na likita. An wanke Stowe bayan gajeren shari'a inda ta sami goyon bayan jama'a.

Kwalejin Likitoci da Likitoci na Ontario sun ba Stowe lasisi don yin aikin likita a ranar 16 ga Yuli, 1880, bisa ga kwarewarta tun 1850,  Dr. Aikins' shirye-shiryen yin shaida a gare ta,  da kuma aikinta na farko ga Dr. Joseph J. Lancaster.  Wannan lasisin ya sanya Stowe likita na biyu mai lasisi a Kanada, bayan Trout . 

A ranar 13 ga Yuni, 1883, Dokta Emily Stowe, mace mai tsattsauran ra'ayi kuma likitan mata na farko da ya yi aiki a Kanada, ya jagoranci ƙungiyar magoya baya zuwa wani taro a Toronto Women's Suffrage Club inda ƙungiyar ta gabatar da ƙuduri da ke cewa "cewa ilimin likita ga mata ya zama dole, kuma saboda haka ya kamata a samar da kayan aiki don irin wannan koyarwa".

'Yarta, Augusta Stowe-Gullen, ita ce mace ta farko da ta sami digiri na likita a Kanada.

## 'Yancin mata
Yayinda take karatun likitanci a New York, Stowe ta sadu da Susan B. Anthony kuma ta ga rarrabuwa a cikin ƙungiyar mata ta Amurka. Stowe ta kuma halarci taron kulob din mata a Cleveland, Ohio. Stowe ta ɗauki dabarun digiri wanda ta dawo da ita zuwa aikinta a Kanada.

A shekara ta 1876, Stowe ta kafa kungiyar wallafe-wallafen mata ta Toronto, wacce aka sake masa suna Canadian Women's Suffrage Association a shekara ta 1883.  Wannan ya sa wasu suyi la'akari da Stowe a matsayin mahaifiyar ƙungiyar sufuri a Kanada. Kungiyar Littattafai ta yi kamfen don inganta yanayin aiki ga mata da kuma matsawa makarantu a Toronto don karɓar mata zuwa ilimi mafi girma. A shekara ta 1883, wani taron jama'a na Ƙungiyar Suffrage ya haifar da kafa Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Ontario don Mata,  makarantar likitancin mata ta farko a kasar.  Lokacin da aka kafa Dominion Women's Enfranchisement Association a 1889, Stowe ya zama shugabanta na farko kuma ya kasance shugaban har zuwa mutuwarta.

Kamar yadda yake ga masu goyon baya da yawa, akwai tashin hankali tsakanin sadaukarwar Stowe ga 'yan uwanta mata da amincin aji. A cikin wani labari wanda zai iya nuna rinjaye na ƙarshe, Stowe ya karya haɗin sirri na likita-marasa lafiya ta hanyar bayyana buƙatar zubar da ciki na mai haƙuri, Sara Ann Lovell, ma'aikaciyar gida, ga ma'aikacinta. (Dubi gwajin zubar da ciki na Emily Stowe.) Stowe, duk da haka, ya soki shirin tattalin arzikin Manufofin Kasa a cikin 1892. Ta yi imanin cewa ba zai taimaka wa 'yan Kanada masu aiki ba kuma a maimakon haka yarjejeniya ce ta cin hanci da rashawa a madadin manyan kamfanoni.

Bayan ta karya cinya a Taron Mata na Columbian Exposition a shekara ta 1893, Stowe ta yi ritaya daga aikin likita. A shekara ta 1896, Emily da 'yarta Augusta sun shiga cikin wata majalisa ta mata, inda mata suka yi la'akari da takarda daga tawagar maza don 'yancin jefa kuri'a. Stowe, a matsayinsa na Babban Lauyan, ya yi amfani da irin wannan muhawara da Majalisar Dokokin Kanada ta yi wa mata masu goyon baya kuma ta musanta karar. Stowe ya mutu a shekara ta 1903, shekaru goma sha huɗu kafin a ba wa matan Kanada damar yin zabe.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Yayinda ta ƙidaya kanta a matsayin Quaker har zuwa 1879, ta zama Unitarian a 1879 kuma ta halarci Ikilisiyar Unitarian ta farko ta Toronto .  &#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Kyauta
Stowe ita ce mace ta farko da ta zama shugabar makarantar jama'a a Ontario, mace ta farko a matsayin likitanci da ta fara aiki a Kanada kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata wanda ya taimaka wajen kafa Kungiyar Mata ta Kanada. 

Makarantun firamare na jama'a a garinsu na Norwich Township (Emily Stowe Public School) da kuma Courtice, Ontario an sanya musu suna bayan ta. An sanya wa mata mafaka a Toronto, Kanada, suna bayan ta. A cikin 2018, an shigar da ita cikin Hall of Fame na Kiwon Lafiya na Kanada . 

## Dubi kuma
 

* Jennie Smillie Robertson
* Jessie Gray

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Tarihin Tarihi
* The Celebrated Abortion Trial of Dr. Emily Stowe, Toronto, 1879, Constance Backhouse, Canadian Bulletin of Medical History, Volume 8: 1991 / shafi na 159-87&nbsp;