Alfred, Ubangiji Tennyson

Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson FRS (; 6 ga watan Agustan 1809 - 6 ga watan Oktoba 1892) ya kasance mawaki ne na Ingilishi. Ya kasance Poet Laureate na Ƙasar Ingila a lokacin yawancin mulkin Sarauniya Victoria. A shekara ta 1829 an ba shi lambar yabo ta Chancellor's Gold a Cambridge don daya daga cikin sassansa na farko, "Timbuktu". Ya wallafa tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, Poems, Chiefly Lyrical, a cikin 1830. "Claribel" da "Mariana", waɗanda suka kasance wasu daga cikin shahararrun waƙoƙin Tennyson, an haɗa su cikin wannan ƙarar. Kodayake wasu masu sukar sun bayyana su a matsayin masu jin dadi, waƙoƙinsa sun zama sanannun kuma sun kawo Tennyson ga sanannun marubuta na lokacin, gami da Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Waƙoƙin farko na Tennyson, tare da tsakiya da kuma hotunan gani masu ƙarfi, sun kasance babban tasiri ga 'yan uwan Pre-Raphaelite.

Tennyson ya kuma mayar da hankali kan gajerun kalmomi, kamar su "Break, Break, Break", "The Charge of the Light Brigade", "Tears, Idle Tears", da kuma "Crossing the Bar". Yawancin ayoyinsa sun dogara ne akan jigogi na gargajiya, kamar "Ulysses" da "The Lotos-Eaters". "In Memoriam A.H.H." an rubuta shi ne don tunawa da abokinsa Arthur Hallam, ɗan'uwan mawaki kuma dalibi a Kwalejin Trinity, Cambridge, bayan ya mutu daga bugun jini yana da shekaru 22.  Tennyson ya kuma rubuta sanannen aya mara kyau, gami da *Idylls na Sarki*, "Ulysses", da "Tithonus". A lokacin aikinsa, Tennyson ya yi ƙoƙari ya yi wasan kwaikwayo, amma wasansa ba su da nasara sosai.

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Alfred Tennyson a ranar 6 ga watan Agusta 1809 a Somersby, Lincolnshire, Ingila. An haife shi ne a cikin dangin matsakaicin matsayi na ƙananan masu mallakar ƙasa wanda ya fito daga John Savage, 2nd Earl Rivers, da Francis Leke, 1st Earl of Scarsdale.

Mahaifinsa, George Clayton Tennyson, limamin Anglican ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Somersby (1807-1831), kuma shugaban Benniworth (1802-1831) da Bag Enderby, da kuma wakilin Grimsby (1815). Ya haifi babban iyali kuma "ya kasance mutum ne mai ƙwarewa da nasarori daban-daban, wanda ya gwada hannunsa tare da nasara mai kyau a cikin gine-gine, zane, kiɗa, da shayari. Ya kasance mai kyau ga malamin ƙasa, kuma kula da kuɗi mai basira ya ba iyalin damar yin bazara a Mablethorpe da Skegness a gabashin gabar Ingila". George Clayton Tennyson shi ne ɗan fari na lauya kuma memba na majalisa George Tennyson, JP, DL, na Bayons Manor da Usselby Hall, wanda kuma ya gaji dukiyar iyalin mahaifiyarsa, Claytons, kuma ya auri Mary, 'yar kuma magajiyar John Turner, na Caistor, Lincolnshire. George Clayton Tennyson duk da haka an tura shi cikin aiki a cikin coci kuma ya wuce a matsayin magaji don goyon bayan ƙanensa Charles. Mahaifiyarsu, Elizabeth, 'yar Stephen Fytche ce, mai kula da Ikilisiyar St James, Louth (1764), kuma rector na Withcall (1780), wani karamin ƙauye tsakanin Horncastle da Louth. Mahaifin Tennyson "ya kula da ilimi da horar da 'ya'yansa".

A cikin bazara na 1831, mahaifin Tennyson ya mutu, ya bukaci ya bar Cambridge kafin ya dauki digiri. Ya koma gidan ibada, inda aka ba shi izinin zama na wasu shekaru shida kuma ya raba alhakin mahaifiyarsa da ta mutu da iyalinsa. Arthur Hallam ya zo ya zauna tare da iyalinsa a lokacin rani kuma ya yi alkawari da 'yar'uwar Tennyson, Emilia Tennyson.

## Manazarta