Macen Eagle

**Mace Mai Kallon Kowa** ( Lakota    wanda aka fi sani da **Matilda Piccotte Galpin** ; kimanin 1820 - 18 ga Disamba, 1888) ta kasance mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a ta Lakota, diflomasiyya, ɗan kasuwa, kuma mai fassara, wacce aka san ta da ƙoƙarinta na sasanta rikicin tsakanin fararen fata 'yan gudun hijira, gwamnatin Amurka, da Sioux . Ana yaba mata da cewa ita kaɗai ce mace da aka amince da ita a matsayin shugaba a tsakanin Sioux.  

Diflomasiyyar Eagle Woman ta farko ta kasance don zaman lafiya, yayin da ƙoƙarinta bayan ƙaura zuwa wuraren da aka keɓe ya mayar da hankali kan shawo kan Sioux su daidaita da sabon zamani da kuma sulhu. Ta goyi bayan Sioux sosai lokacin da gwamnatin Amurka ta tilasta wa kabilu su ciyar da kansu a wuraren da ba su da tsabta. Ta kasance mai alhakin ɓangaren shugabannin da aka aika don sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Fort Laramie ta Biyu a 1868, kodayake ta yi adawa da yarjejeniyar Standing Rock ta 1876, kuma ta zama mace ta farko da ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya da gwamnatin Amurka a 1882.

Ta yi nasara a yakin cinikayya na gida, lokacin da jami'ar gwamnati ta yi ƙoƙarin rufe ofishinta na ciniki don kafa ikon mallakar wurin ajiyar, kuma ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai shiga tsakani da kuma shugabar al'umma a duk lokacin da fararen fata suka mamaye filayen asali a lokacin Black Hills Gold Rush, gami da zaɓenta da gwamnatin Amurka ta yi a matsayin wani ɓangare na tawagarta zuwa Washington, DC a 1872.

Eagle Woman da 'yarta Louise sun shirya makarantar kwana ta farko a Standing Rock Indian Reservation . Ta ci gaba da taimaka wa ƙabilun wajen daidaitawa da rayuwar ajiyar har zuwa mutuwarta a 1888. A shekarar 2010, an shigar da ita cikin Zauren Shahararru na South Dakota .

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Eagle Woman a wani gidan haya na Sioux kusa da Kogin Missouri, kimanin  kudu da Pierre na zamani, South Dakota, ga fitaccen shugaban "masu neman zaman lafiya"  Kabilar Kettles Biyu, Chief Two Lance, da Rosy Light of Dawn, Hunkpapa .   Ita ce ƙarama a cikin 'ya'ya takwas, kuma jagorancinta daga baya zai kasance ƙarƙashin misalin da mahaifinta ya kafa.  Ta yi yarintarta a abin da zai zama yammacin South Dakota kuma ba ta da wata alaƙa da al'adun fararen fata ko gwamnati.  Tana da shekaru 13 lokacin da mahaifinta ya mutu a 1833, don a binne ta a Kogin Cheyenne, kuma a 1837, mahaifiyarta ta mutu sakamakon cutar kuturta bayan ƙabilun sun gudu daga kogunan don gujewa cutar. 

A shekara ta 1838, bayan mutuwar iyayenta, ta auri ɗan ƙasar Kanada mai sayar da gashin fata, Honoré Piccotte,  babban wakili a babban matsayi a yankin Upper Missouri,  tare da Kamfanin Fur na Amurka da ke aiki a Fort Pierre .   An yi iƙirarin cewa irin waɗannan auren suna da amfani ga juna: ga matan 'yan asalin ƙasar, auren ɗan kasuwa ya ɗaukaka matsayinsu (ko da yake ba a faɗi ko an ɗaukaka matsayinsu tare da ƙabilar ba, tare da Turawa, ko duka biyun) tare da ƙarin fa'idodin samun kayayyaki, yayin da ga 'yan kasuwa, auren ya inganta dangantakar kasuwanci da ƙabilun 'yan asalin ƙasar.  Piccotte ta auri wata mace daga wata ƙungiyar Sioux a shekara ta 1829, sannan kuma wata mace 'yar Faransa a shekara ta 1831, kuma ta haifi 'ya'ya daga auren biyu.  Eagle Woman, yayin da take zaune a sansanin, ta rungumi salon rayuwar 'yan gudun hijira, amma kamar yadda Piccotte sau da yawa ke ɓatar da lokaci mai tsawo a waje, za ta koma ga ƙabilarta. Eagle Woman ta haifi 'ya'ya mata biyu tare da Piccotte, waɗanda a shekara ta 1848 suka yi ritaya suka koma zama da matarsa farar fata a St. Louis .  

## Diflomasiyya

A shekarar 1850, Eagle Woman ta auri ɗalibin Piccotte a kamfanin, Charles Galpin, wanda ta haifi wasu 'ya'ya mata biyu da maza uku,  waɗanda dukkansu aka ba su ilimin Turai. 

Matar Gaggawa "ta kan yi magana a kan zaluncin kowace iri, ko da fararen fata ne ko kuma 'yan Indiyawa ne suka aikata,"  kuma ta sami damar yin hakan a tsawon rayuwarta.  

Yayin da tashin hankali ya ƙaru a shekarar 1854, ma'auratan sun kafa ayyukan kasuwanci masu nasara a cikin raguwar tattalin arzikin yankin bayan Yaƙin Basasa kuma sun warware rikice-rikice da dama tsakanin mazauna da ƙabilu a yankin. Duk da cewa dukansu sun yi aiki a matsayin masu fassara a wasu lokutan, yawancin zaman lafiya ya dogara ne akan martabarta da sunanta. [1] [2]

Iyalan sun zauna na ɗan lokaci a Fort Benton, Montana tun daga shekarar 1860, yayin da Galpin ya ɗauki matsayi a LaBarge, Harkness &amp;amp; Company . A can, ɗan Eagle Woman, William, ya mutu a ranar 26 ga Agusta.   Iyalan sun yi tafiya ta cikin kogin zuwa gidan kakanninsu don jana'izar William, daga ƙarshe sun yi yarjejeniyar kai ma'aikatan hakar ma'adinai 10 zuwa Fort Randall a kan hanyarsu.  A kan hanyarsu, Santee Sioux ta kewaye ma'auratan wadda ta jagoranci kisan kiyashin tafkin Shetek kwanan nan;  duk da haka, ɗaya daga cikin jaruman ta gane Eagle Woman kuma ta bar su su wuce bayan ta sanar da su cewa tana da kyaututtuka don masaukin yankin kuma tana jigilar ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yanta maza don binnewa.  Galpins sun yi shawarwari kan sakin wasu daga cikin waɗanda Santee ta kama da kuma waɗanda suka isa Fort LaFramboise, kuma an aika da wani ɓangare don fansar mata biyu da yara huɗu.    

A shekarar 1865, ta kare wani soja farar fata da ya ji rauni da mayafinta, bayan an yi masa kwanton bauna aka harbe shi da kibiyoyi uku.   A shekarar 1866, ta fara tafiya ita kaɗai don yin shawarwari kan zaman lafiya, tana jawabi a majalisun Sioux da ke bakin kogin Little Missouri. 

Fada Pierre-Jean De Smet ya nemi Eagle Woman a shekarar 1868, domin ita, "ta haifi Sioux kuma tana da kusanci da shugabannin yaƙi da dama, tana da babban tasiri a tsakanin mutanenta."  An aika shi don neman Sitting Bull ya kai mutanensa wurin ajiyar kaya.   Galpins da De Smet sun yi tafiya tare da wasu 'yan Sioux zuwa sansanin Sitting Bull. Daga baya ta ba da labarin cewa dole ne ta shawo kan mutanen Sitting Bull kada su kashe De Smet, bayan isowar tawagarsa an gana da ƙungiyar mayaƙa masu adawa.   Duk da cewa shugaban sansanin bai karɓi buƙatar De Smet ba, ya aika da wasu shugabanni da dama waɗanda za su ci gaba da sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Biyu ta Fort Laramie a 1868. Wannan yarjejeniya ta kafa Babban Wurin Ajiye Kayan Sioux, don haka iyalan Eagle Woman suka ƙaura tare da ƙabilun zuwa sabbin iyakokinsu, suka kafa sabon wurin ciniki a Grand River . Saboda ƙoƙarinsu na sauƙaƙe tattaunawar da ta yi nasara, an naɗa Galpin a matsayin mai fassara hukuma, akan albashin $150 kowane wata.  

A da, Eagle Woman, mai fafutukar zaman lafiya, ta sami wata sabuwar manufa wajen taimaka wa mutanenta su daidaita da sabbin yanayinsu, yanzu da aka samu zaman lafiya, ko da yake na ɗan lokaci ne. 

### Rayuwa a wurin ajiyar

## Manazarta