Yanayin yankin Michigan

Michigan ta ƙunshi yankuna biyu da ke kewaye da manyan tabkuna huɗu da tsibirai da yawa da ke kusa. Yankin Upper Peninsula yana da iyaka a kudu maso yammacin Wisconsin, kuma Lower Peninsula yana kan iyaka a kudancin Indiya da Ohio. Dukkanin ƙasashe biyu sun rabu da lardin Ontario na Kanada ta hanyar hanyoyin ruwa na Great Lakes, kuma daga juna ta hanyar Straits of Mackinac. Saboda ƙasar ta kewaye da manyan tabkuna, waɗanda ke gudana cikin Kogin *Saint Lawrence*, Michigan ita ce kawai jihar Amurka wacce koguna da koguna kusan gaba ɗaya a cikin Great Lakes-St. Rashin ruwa na Lawrence.

Michigan's territorial waters include roughly half each of Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, and Lake Huron, and smaller areas of Lake St. Clair and Lake Erie. It includes an estimated 11,000 inland lakes. It encompasses  of land,  of Great Lakes waters, and  of inland waters. Its territorial waters are second in area only to those of Alaska. At a total area of  – including those territorial waters – Michigan is the largest state east of the Mississippi River, and the eleventh largest state overall. More than half of the state's land area –  – is still forest.

Jihar ta kasance kusan tsakanin 41 ° da 49 ° arewacin latitude, kuma tsakanin 82 ° da 91 ° yammacin longitude.

## Yankin da ke Sama

Yankin da ke da gandun daji mai yawa yana da tsaunuka a yamma. Duwatsun Porcupine, waɗanda suke daga cikin ɗayan tsofaffin sarkar tsaunuka a duniya,  sun tashi zuwa kusan   sama da matakin teku kuma sun samar da ruwa tsakanin raƙuman ruwa da ke gudana cikin Lake Superior da Lake Michigan. Yankin da ke ko'ina cikin wannan kewayon yana da tsayi. Matsayi mafi girma na jihar, a cikin Dutsen Huron a arewa maso yammacin Marquette, shine Dutsen Arvon a  . Yankin yana da girma kamar Connecticut, Delaware, Massachusetts, da Rhode Island tare amma yana da ƙasa da mazauna 330,000.

Yanayin ƙasa na yankunan Michigan yana da nisa mai tsawo tsakanin iyakar jihar. Ironwood, a cikin yammacin Upper Peninsula, yana da nisan kilomita 630 (1,015 km) daga Lambertville a kusurwar kudu maso gabashin Lower Peninsula. Keɓewar ƙasa na Upper Peninsula daga cibiyoyin siyasa da yawan jama'a na Michigan ya sa U.P. ta bambanta da al'adu da tattalin arziki.&nbsp;

## Ƙananan Ƙasashen

Ƙasar ƙasa, mai siffa kamar mitten, tana da nisan mil 277 (kilomita 446) daga arewa zuwa kudu da mil 195 (kilomita 314) daga gabas zuwa yamma kuma ta mamaye sama da kashi biyu bisa uku na yankin ƙasar.  Gabaɗaya saman ɓangarorin matakin matakin ne, ya karye da tsaunin conical da glacial moraines yawanci bai wuce 'yan ƙafa ɗari ba.  Matsayi mafi girma a cikin Ƙarƙashin Ƙasa shine ko dai Briar Hill mai tsayin ƙafa 1,705 (520 m), ko ɗaya daga cikin wurare da yawa kusa da kusa da Cadillac.  Mafi ƙasƙanci shine saman tafkin Erie a ƙafa 571 (174 m).).

Wani fasalin Michigan wanda ke ba shi siffar ƙuƙwalwa ita ce yatsa. Wannan tsibirin yana aiki a cikin Tafkin Huron da Saginaw Bay. Yanayin yatsa yafi kwance tare da wasu tuddai masu juyawa. Yankin Leelanau yana cikin yankin Arewacin Lower Michigan . *Dubi kuma Yankunan Michigan*

## Babban Tafkuna

Babban Tafkin da suka samar da mafi yawan iyakar ruwa na Michigan sune Lake Erie, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, da Lake Superior. Saboda muhimmancin tarihi na jigilar kayayyaki a kan tabkuna, Michigan tana da kimanin fitilu 150, fiye da kowane jiha.  (duba Hasumiyoyi a Amurka) Jiha tana da iyaka a kudu da jihohin Ohio da Indiya, suna raba iyakokin ƙasa da ruwa tare da duka biyun.

Yankin arewacin Michigan kusan dukkanin iyakokin ruwa ne, daga kudu zuwa arewa, tare da Illinois da Wisconsin a Tafkin Michigan; sannan iyakar ƙasa tare da Wisconsin da Upper Peninsula, wanda yafi iyakance shi da Kogin Menominee da Montreal; sannan iyakokin ruwa kuma, a Lake Superior, tare da Wisconsin le Minnesota zuwa yamma, wanda lardin Ontario na Kanada ya rufe shi zuwa arewa da gabas.

Yankin arewa yana gudana gaba ɗaya ta hanyar Lake Superior, daga iyakar yamma tare da Minnesota zuwa wani batu a arewa da kewayen Isle Royale, daga nan yana tafiya kudu maso gabas ta tafkin a cikin layi madaidaiciya zuwa Sault Ste. Yankin Marie. A Kudu maso gabashin Michigan akwai iyakar ruwa tare da Kanada tare da dukkan tsawon Kogin St. Clair, Tafkin St. Claar (ciki har da ajiyar First Nation na Tsibirin Walpole) da Kogin Detroit. Yankin kudu maso gabas ya ƙare a ƙarshen yammacin Tafkin Erie tare da haɗuwa ta hanyoyi uku na Michigan, Ohio da Ontario.

Baya ga ƙananan yankuna biyu a kan iyakokinta - ɗayan da Kogin Mississippi ya zubar da shi ta hanyar Kogin Wisconsin a cikin Upper Peninsula, ɗayan ta hanyar Koginsa Kankakee-Illinois a cikin Lower Peninsula - koguna da rafi na Michigan suna zubar da su gaba ɗaya cikin Great Lakes.

Babban Tsibirin na Michigan sun hada da Isle Royale da Grand Island a cikin Lake Superior; tsibirin Neebish da Sugar a cikin Kogin St. Mary; Tsibirin Drummond, tsibirin Les Cheneaux, Tsibirin Mackinac, tsibirin Bois Blanc, da Tsibirin Charity a cikin Tafkin Huron; Tsibirin Beaver, Tsibirin Fox, tsibirin North Manitou, da tsibiri na Kudancin Manitou a cikin Tafki Michigan; Tsibirin Harsens a cikin Tafkii St. Clair; da Belle Isle da Grosse Ile a cikin Kogin Detroit.

Keweenaw Bay, Whitefish Bay, da Big da Little Bay na Noc sune manyan bays na Upper Peninsula. Grand da Little Traverse, Thunder, da Saginaw bays suna samuwa a Lower Peninsula. Bayan Alaska, Michigan tana da iyakar bakin teku mafi tsawo na kowane jiha, mil 3,288 (kilomita 5,292). Za'a iya ƙara ƙarin mil 1,056 (kilomita 1,699) idan an haɗa tsibirai. Wannan kusan daidai yake da tsawon Tekun Atlantika daga Maine zuwa Florida.

## Tafkuna da koguna na ciki
Jihar tana da tabkuna 11,037 na ciki wanda ya ƙunshi murabba'in mil 1,305 (3,380 ) na ruwa na ciki. Babu wani batu a Michigan da ya fi kilomita 6 (9.7) daga tafkin ciki ko fiye da kilomita 85 (kilomita 137) daga ɗayan manyan tabkuna.

Koguna da yawa na jihar gabaɗaya gajere ne kuma ba su da zurfi, kodayake da yawa suna iya tafiya ta hanyar jirgin ruwa na nishaɗi. Manyan sun hada da Au Sable, Thunder Bay, Cheboygan, da Saginaw, dukansu suna gudana cikin Tafkin Huron; Ontonagon, da Tahquamenon, waɗanda ke gudana cikin Lake Superior; da St. Joseph, Kalamazoo, Grand, Muskegon, Manistee, da Escanaba, waɗanda ke kwarara cikin Tafkin Michigan.

Jihar tana da wuraren adana wuraren shakatawa guda uku: Isle Royale National Park, wanda ke cikin Lake Superior, kimanin kilomita 30 (48) kudu maso gabashin Thunder Bay, Ontario; Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, a bakin tekun Lake Superior tsakanin Munising da Grand Marais; da Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, a bakin Tekun Michigan tsakanin ƙauyukan Frankfort, Empire, da Glen Arbor.

Sauran wuraren da aka kare na kasa a cikin jihar sun hada da: Gidan Tarihi na Keweenaw, Gidan Tarihin Huron, Gidan daji na Manistee, Gidan Gidan Hiawatha, Gidan gandun daji na Ottawa, Gidan Halitta na Fumee Lake, da kuma Gidan Tunawa na Uba Marquette. Sashe mafi girma na North Country National Scenic Trail kuma ya wuce ta Michigan.

Tare da wuraren shakatawa na jihohi 78, wuraren shakatawa 19 na jihohi, da gandun daji 6 na jihohi. Wadannan wuraren shakatawa da gandun daji sun hada da Holland State Park, Mackinac Island State Park, Au Sable State Forest, da Mackinaw State Forest.

## Yanayi

Michigan tana da yanayi mai ɗanɗano na nahiyar, kodayake akwai yankuna biyu daban-daban.  Kudanci na uku na Ƙarƙashin Ƙasa (kudancin Saginaw Bay da kuma daga yankin Grand Rapids a kudu) suna da yanayi mai zafi (Köppen weather classification Dfa) tare da lokacin zafi da lokacin sanyi.  Arewacin kashi biyu Ƙarƙashin Ƙasa yana da yanayi mai tsanani (Köppen Dfb), tare da dumi, amma gajeren lokacin rani da tsayi, sanyi zuwa sanyi sosai.  Wasu sassan jihar matsakaita yanayin zafi da ke kasa da sanyi daga Disamba zuwa Fabrairu, da kuma farkon Maris a sassan arewa mai nisa.  A lokacin hunturu zuwa tsakiyar watan Fabrairu sassa na jihar ana yawan fuskantar dusar ƙanƙara mai tasirin tafkin.  Matsakaicin jihar daga inci 30-40 (76-102 santimita) na hazo a shekara.  Rufin dusar ƙanƙara yana daɗa zama a cikin kudancin jihar, amma yana dawwama a arewacin Lower Michigan kuma musamman a cikin Upper Peninsula..

Dukan jihar tana da matsakaicin kwanaki 30 na aikin tsawa a kowace shekara. Wadannan na iya zama masu tsanani, musamman a kudancin jihar. Jiha tana da matsakaicin guguwa 17 a kowace shekara, wanda ya fi yawa a yankin kudancin jihar. Sassan iyakar kudancin sun kasance kusan masu rauni a tarihi kamar sassan Tornado Alley. Daga arewacin, a cikin Upper Peninsula, guguwa ba ta da yawa.

Samuwar yanayin ƙasa na jihar ya bambanta sosai.  Ana samun manyan duwatsu na farko a saman gabaɗayan saman Tekun Ƙasar (kasancewar asali na asali), yayin da adibas na Sakandare ke rufe gabaɗayan ƙananan yankin.  Ƙasar Sama tana nuna ƙananan yashi na Silurian, dutsen farar ƙasa, jan ƙarfe da duwatsu masu ɗauke da ƙarfe, daidai da tsarin Huronian na Kanada.  Babban yanki na Ƙarƙashin Ƙasa ya ƙunshi matakan kwal da duwatsu na lokacin Permo-Carboniferous.  Devonian da sub-Carboniferous adibas sun warwatse a duk faɗin jihar.

Ƙasa tana da nau'o'i daban-daban kuma a manyan wurare tana da kyau sosai, musamman a kudu. Koyaya, Upper Peninsula ga mafi yawan bangarorin dutse ne da tsaunuka, kuma ƙasa ba ta dace da noma ba. Yanayin yanayi yana da kyau ta hanyar kusanci da tabkuna kuma yana da sauƙi fiye da sauran wurare da ke da latitude iri ɗaya.

## Muhalli
Manyan bishiyoyin gandun daji sun hada da Basswood, maple, elm, sassafras, butternut, walnut, poplar, hickory, oak, willow, Pine, birch, beech, hemlock, witchhazel, tamarack, cedar, locust, Dogwood, da ash.