Manto Tshabalala-Msimang

**Mantombazana "Manto" Edmie Tshabalala-Msimang** OMSS (née **Mali** ; an haife ta a watan Oktoba 1940 - 16 Disamba 2009) ƴar siyasar Afirka ta Kudu ce. Ta kasance mataimakiyar ministar shari'a daga shekarar 1996 har zuwa 1999 sannan ta rike muƙamin ministar lafiya daga shekarar 1999 har zuwa 2008 ƙarƙashin shugaba Thabo Mbeki . Ta kuma yi minista a fadar shugaban ƙasa a ƙarƙashin shugaba Kgalema Motlanthe daga watan Satumba na shekara ta 2008 zuwa Mayu 2009.

Batun da ta mayar da hankali wajen magance cutar kanjamau a Afirka ta Kudu da kayan lambu masu sauƙi kamar dankalin turawa, tafarnuwa da beets na Afirka, maimakon magungunan rigakafin cutar kansa, ya kasance batun zargi na gida da waje. Wadannan manufofin sun yi sanadiyar mutuwar sama da mutane 300,000 da suka kamu da cutar a Afirka ta Kudu. 

## Ilimi
An haife shi a matsayin **Mantombazana Edmie Mali** a Durban, Tshabalala-Msimang ya sauke karatu daga Jami'ar Fort Hare a 1961. A matsayinta na daya daga cikin matasa matasa 'yan majalisar dokokin Afirka da aka tura gudun hijira don neman ilimi, ta samu horon likitanci a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta First Leningrad a Tarayyar Soviet daga 1962 zuwa 1969. Sannan ta samu horo a matsayin mai rejista a fannin ilimin mata da mata a Tanzaniya, inda ta kammala a shekarar 1972. A 1980 ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin lafiyar jama'a daga Jami'ar Antwerp da ke Belgium.

Ta kasance jami'a a cikin shugabancin ANC da aka yi gudun hijira a Tanzania da Zambia a cikin shekaru goma na karshen mulkin wariyar launin fata, tare da alhakin aikin da ya mayar da hankali kan lafiya da jin dadin mayakan ANC a can.

## manufofin AIDS
Gwamnatin Tshabalala-Msimang a matsayin ministar kiwon lafiya ta yi ta cece-kuce, saboda rashin son daukar wani shiri na bangaren gwamnati na magance cutar kanjamau da magungunan rigakafin cutar kanjamau (ARVs). A lokacin da mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen Rediyo 702 John Robbie ya yi hira da shi a shekara ta 2000, Tshabalala-Msimang ta ki cewa ko ta yi imanin cewa cutar kanjamau ce ke haddasa cutar AIDS. [1] An kira ta Dr. Beetroot don inganta fa'idodin beetroot, tafarnuwa, lemo, da dankalin Afirka da kuma ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki gabaɗaya, yayin da yake magana akan yiwuwar magungunan cutar kanjamau. [2] An dai yi mata kallon tana bin manufar AIDS bisa ra'ayin shugaban Afirka ta Kudu Thabo Mbeki, wanda a wani lokaci ya bayyana shakku a bainar jama'a game da ko cutar kanjamau ta haifar da cutar kanjamau .

A shekara ta 2002, majalisar ministocin Afirka ta Kudu ta tabbatar da manufar cewa "HIV yana haifar da cutar kanjamau" wanda a matsayin sanarwa a hukumance ya rufe duk wani karin hasashe game da wannan batu daga mambobin majalisar, ciki har da shugaban kasa. A cikin watan Agustan 2003, majalisar ministocin ta kuma kada kuri'ar samar da rigakafin cutar kanjamau a ma'aikatun gwamnati, kuma ta umurci Tshabalala-Msimang da ya aiwatar da manufar.

Kungiyar da ke yaki da cutar kanjamau wato The Treatment Action Campaign (TAC) da wanda ya kafa ta Zackie Achmat sukan kai wa ministar hari da suka, inda suka zargi gwamnati da ma’aikatar lafiya da gazawa wajen dakile yaduwar cutar kanjamau. Kungiyar ta TAC ta jagoranci gangamin neman ta yi murabus ko kuma a kore ta.

TAC ta zargi Tshabalala-Msimang da kasancewa tare da Matthias Rath, likitan Jamus da kuma dan kasuwa na bitamin, wanda ya tuhume shi don hana yin amfani da ARVs. 

Tshabalala-Msimang ta ba da fifikonta kan faffadan manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a, ganin cutar kanjamau a matsayin wani bangare daya kacal na wannan kokari da kuma wanda, saboda rashin warkewa daga cutar kanjamau da kuma kudin da ake kashewa na maganin cutar kanjamau, na iya kawo cikas ga kokarin inganta lafiyar jama'a. Rahoton da ke nuna cewa cutar kanjamau na da nauyi a kan tsarin kiwon lafiyar jama'a, wanda a zahiri za a iya warware matsalar, an mayar da shi don ƙarin bayani kuma ba a fitar da shi a lokacin rani na 2003 ba, har sai da TAC ta samo ta kuma ta leka.  Bayan da majalisar ministocin kasar ta kada kuri'ar amincewa da sakamakon wannan rahoto, Tshabalala-Msimang shi ne ke kula da shirin na ARV, amma ya ci gaba da jaddada mahimmancin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin cutar kanjamau  tare da yin kira ga wasu da su dauki cutar kanjamau a matsayin matsala daya kacal a tsakanin. da yawa a cikin lafiyar Afirka ta Kudu.

Wani lamari da ya ja hankalin jama'a sosai shi ne Nozipho Bhengu 'yar 'yar majalisar dokokin Afirka ta kasa, wadda ta yi watsi da maganin cutar kanjamau ta yadda Tshabalala-Msimang ke cin tafarnuwa da lemo. Ministar ta ki halartar jana'izar ta, kuma an yi ta ihun tsayawar ta daga kan dandali. 

A watan Fabrairun 2005, Majalisar Kungiyar Kwadago ta Afirka ta Kudu (COSATU) ta soki ma’aikatar kiwon lafiya saboda gazawar da suka yi wajen tabbatar da cewa an kashe akasarin kudin Rand miliyan 30 da aka yi amfani da su wajen tabbatar da amana da cutar kanjamau na gwamnati a shekarar 2002.  Sun ce R520,000 ne kawai aka yi amfani da wannan kudi, kuma daga cikin wannan kaso mai yawa an barnata a ofisoshin da ba kowa a sakatariyar SANAC, lamarin da ya janyo suka daga babban Odita Janar.

A watan Agustan 2006, a taron kasa da kasa na AIDS a Toronto, Stephen Lewis, wakilin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na musamman kan cutar AIDS a Afirka, ya rufe taron da kakkausar suka ga gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu. Ya ce Afirka ta Kudu ta inganta halin "hankali" game da cutar kanjamau da cutar kanjamau, yana mai bayyana gwamnati a matsayin "masu hankali, mai rahusa, da sakaci game da fitar da magani".   Bayan kammala taron, manyan masana kimiyyar HIV/AIDS 65 na duniya (mafi yawansu suna halartar taron) sun nemi a wata wasika cewa Thabo Mbeki ya kori Tshabalala-Msimang. 

## Magungunan gargajiya
A wani taro da masu ba da maganin gargajiya don tattauna dokokin da za a yi a nan gaba a watan Fabrairun 2008, Tshabalala-Msimang ya bayar da hujjar cewa, bai kamata magungunan gargajiya su zama "kullube" a cikin gwaje-gwaje na asibiti ba, yana mai cewa, "Ba za mu iya amfani da tsarin ka'idoji na Yammacin Turai ba don bincike da ci gaba". 

A cikin watan Satumba na shekarar 2008, Tshabalala-Msimang ya yi kira da a kara kare hakin basirar magungunan gargajiya na Afirka. Da take jawabi a wajen bikin tunawa da ranar magungunan gargajiya karo na 6 da aka gudanar a birnin Yaoundé na kasar Kamaru, ta bayyana cewa, ya kamata nahiyar ta kara cin gajiyar dadadden iliminta na gargajiya. 

## Na sirri
Tshabalala-Msimang ta auri mijinta na farko, Mandla Tshabalala, yayin da su biyun ke gudun hijira a Tarayyar Soviet. Daga baya ta auri Mendi Msimang, ma'ajin majalisar dokokin Afirka.

Damuwar lafiyar Tshabalala-Msimang ta fito fili a karshen shekarar 2006. An kwantar da ita a Asibitin Johannesburg a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, 2007, tana fama da anemia da zubar da jini (wani mummunan tarin ruwa a cikin huhu).  Ma'aikatar lafiya ta tuntubi shugaba Thabo Mbeki, ta kuma bukace shi da ya nada mukaddashin minista, kuma a ranar 26 ga watan Fabrairu aka nada Jeff Radebe a matsayin ministan lafiya na riko.  A ranar 14 ga Maris 2007, an yi wa Tshabalala-Msimang dashen hanta . Dalilin da aka bayyana shine ciwon hanta na autoimmune tare da hauhawar jini na portal, amma dashen dashen ya kewaye shi da zargin shan giya mai yawa.   Daga baya ta farfado da lafiyarta kuma ta koma kan mukaminta na minista har zuwa lokacin da ta maye gurbinta a matsayin ministar lafiya a shekarar 2008.

A ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2009, ta mutu saboda matsalolin da suka shafi dashen hanta.

## Abin kunya
A ranar 12 ga watan Agustan 2007, kwanaki hudu bayan korar mataimakiyar ministarta, Nozizwe Madlala-Routledge mai cike da cece-kuce, *jaridar Sunday Times* ta buga labarin mai taken "Booze binge na Asibitin Manto" game da zaman da aka yi a asibiti a baya a 2005 don aikin kafada.  Labarin ya yi zargin cewa ta aika da ma’aikatan asibiti zuwa dibar giya, wiski da kayan abinci, a wani yanayi da karfe 1:30.&nbsp;am. Tshabalala-Msimang ta yi barazanar gurfanar da jaridar a gaban kotu bisa hujjar cewa suna da bayanan lafiyarta. Jaridar ta kare furucinta, inda ta bayyana cewa "ba a yi la'akari da ja da baya ba".  Labarin ya kuma ba da rahoton hasashe a tsakanin "da yawa daga cikin manyan kwararrun likitoci a cibiyoyin gwamnati da masu zaman kansu, wadanda suka ki a sakaya sunansu saboda tsoron azaba daga ma'aikatar lafiya" cewa yanayin hanta ya haifar da barasa, cirrhosis .

A cewar wani labarin jaridar Sunday Times mai taken "Manto: Maye da Barawo" da aka buga a ranar 19 ga watan Agustan 2007, ministan ya kasance barawo ne da aka yanke masa hukunci wanda ya saci kayayyakin majiyyaci a wani asibiti a Botswana, kuma an kore shi daga Botswana tare da ayyana haramtaccen bakin haure.

## Siyasar ANC da maye gurbinsa a matsayin Ministan Lafiya
Jam'iyyar ANC ta tilastawa Mbeki yin murabus a watan Satumban 2008. Lokacin da magajinsa, Kgalema Motlanthe, ya hau kan karagar mulki a ranar 25 ga Satumba, 2008, ya mayar da Tshabalala-Msimang mukamin minista a fadar shugaban kasa, inda ya nada Barbara Hogan ta maye gurbinta a matsayin ministar lafiya.

## Mutuwa
Tshabalala-Msimang ya mutu a ranar 16 ga Disamba 2009 a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Wits Donald Gordon da Medi-Clinic ICU. Likitanta, Farfesa Jeff Wing, ya sanar da cewa ta rasu ne sakamakon wasu matsaloli da suka taso daga wani dashen hanta. 

‘Yan adawa da abokan hamayyar siyasa sun bayyana kaduwa da sanarwar mutuwar ta:

* The Treatment Action Campaign (TAC) &#x2013; "Ba mu yi fatan rashin lafiya ga kowane ɗan adam ba duk da cewa mun sha wahala sosai tare da ita a matsayin ministar lafiya. Muna aika ta'aziyyarmu ga danginta da 'ya'yanta."
* Helen Zille, shugabar Jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance &#x2013; "Muna mika nadamarmu ga danginta da 'yan uwanta. Abin bakin ciki ne lokacin da kowa ya mutu. Kamar yawancin 'yan siyasa ta kasance mai jayayya. Duk da haka, wannan ba ya rage bakin ciki na mutuwarta. " .
* Shugabar COSATU Sidumo Dlamini &#x2013; "Wannan labari ne mai ban tsoro, wani ya tambaye ni jiya ko wane sakon da za mu tura ta asibiti, sai na ce muna fata da kuma yi mata fatan samun sauki cikin gaggawa. Ta yi wasu kurakurai ta hanyar tuki wadannan manufofin amma ita 'yar adam ce. kasancewarta babban rashi ne a Afirka ta Kudu ta yi rashin babban jigo a jam'iyyar ANC ."

## Duba kuma

* HIV/AIDS a Afirka
* Nozizwe Madlala-Routledge
* Sashen Lafiya na Afirka ta Kudu
* Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu

## Manazarta