Ruwa mai zafi na Antarctica na 2024

**Ruwa mai zafi na Antarctic na 2024** yana nufin karuwar tsakiya na tsakiya a yanayin zafi na Antarctic idan aka kwatanta da hunturu da suka gabata, wanda ya haifar da yankuna da yawa na Antarctica su kai yanayin zafi  ° C (18.0 ° F) sama da na al'ada a watan Yulin 2024, har zuwa karuwar  ° C (50.4 ° F) fiye da matsakaici. Ruwa mai zafi yana da mahimmanci don faruwa a tsakiyar hunturu na Antarctic lokacin da kadan ko babu hasken rana a nahiyar, kuma yanayin zafi yana da shekara-shekara a mafi ƙasƙanci a tarihi.

## Tarihi
A watan Maris na shekara ta 2024, guguwar zafi ta buge Antarctica wanda ya kai  ° C (70.2 ° F) sama da matsakaici. Karin zafi ya haifar da wani ɓangare na kankara wanda ya kasance kusan "girman Roma" don fadawa cikin Kudancin Tekun.

Wannan guguwar zafi ta haifar da wasu yankuna na Antarctica da ke fuskantar yanayin zafi wanda ya kai  ° C (39.6 ° F) sama da na al'ada kuma ya haifar da raguwar matakan kankara na teku, wanda ya haifar da bincike mai zurfi akan taron ta hanyar babban aikin bincike na duniya wanda ya kunshi mambobi 54, wanda ya bayyana rikitarwa na dalilin guguwar zafin a matsayin "mai rauni".

## Yanayin yanayi
Misalai daga Masu binciken yanayi da ke taswirar yankunan duniya sun nuna cewa yankunan da sauyin yanayi ya fi tasiri zai kasance a kan sandunan duniya a cikin Arctic da Antarctic. Karin yanayin zafi a cikin waɗannan yankuna ya haifar da rushewar kankara na Antarctic wanda hakan ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga hauhawar matakin teku na duniya.

Masu binciken yanayi sun gano cewa rauni a cikin Antarctic polar vortex, "band na iska mai sanyi da matsin lamba wanda ke juyawa a cikin stratosphere a kusa da kowane pole", shine babban dalilin guguwar zafi. Masanin kimiyya na sararin samaniya Amy Butler ya ba da rahoton cewa raunanawar polar vortex ya haifar da raƙuman ruwa da ke tsoma baki tare da vortex, ma'ana cewa yankuna masu tsawo a cikin Antarctic sun fi saukin kamuwa da yanayin zafi. Har ila yau, rikice-rikice a cikin polar vortex ya haifar da "babban" iska mai daskarewa da za a tura zuwa ga ma'auni, wanda ke haifar da yanayin sanyi da sanyi a duk Kudancin Kudancin, gami da Kudancin Cone na Kudancin Amurka, New Zealand, da Ostiraliya. Darakta na MetDesk Michael Dukes ya lura cewa El Niño na 2024 ya kasance mai ba da gudummawa sosai ga karuwar yanayin zafi na Antarctic ban da canjin yanayi na ɗan adam.

Mai binciken yanayi na ETH Zürich Jonathan Wille ya danganta yanayin zafi ga "wani abu mai ban mamaki" na tsawon makonni da yawa "abin da ya faru na kudancin stratospheric" a fadin nahiyar. Masanin kimiyya na yanayi na Jami'ar Washington Edward Blanchard ya yi imanin cewa yanayin zafi a Kudancin Tekun da raguwar kankara a kusa da Antarctica ya kara kara yawan Antarctica ga yanayin zafi a lokacin hunturu.

## Ruwa mai zafi
A watan Yulin 2024, guguwar zafi ta makale a mafi yawan Antarctica, da farko a yankunan Gabas da Tsakiya na nahiyar. Matsakaicin yanayin zafi ya kasance a -4 ° C (24.8 ° F), ya fi girma fiye da matsakaicin yanayin hunturu, musamman ga lokacin da aka danganta da yanayin sanyi na shekara-shekara na Antarctica. A sakamakon haka, Kudancin Hemisphere Sea Ice Extent kamar yadda aka tsara a kan Jami'ar Maine Climate Reanalyzer ya kai yankin na biyu mafi ƙasƙanci yana da akalla 15% kankara a rikodin ranar da ta dace ta shekara, tare da 2023 kawai yana da ƙananan yanki a wannan lokacin na shekara. Ƙididdigar jadawalin ya nuna cewa 2024 nan ba da daɗewa ba zai wuce 2023 a matsayin mafi ƙanƙara da aka rubuta, mai yiwuwa a watan Agusta 2024. An bayar da rahoton raguwar murfin kankara don haifar da madauki wanda ya haɗa da ƙarin hasken rana da aka sha a yankunan da ba su da murfin kanjamau, yana ƙara ba da gudummawa ga dumama yanayin zafi da wuraren da suka fi girma na kankara.

Masu binciken yanayi sun yi hasashen cewa matsakaicin yanayin zafi na Gabashin Antarctic daga 3 ga Agusta zuwa 13 ga Agusta zai ci gaba a digiri 36 zuwa 50 Fahrenheit sama da matsakaici, sama da yanayin zafi a makon da ya gabata na Yuli 2024 wanda ya kasance  ° C (21.6 ° F) sama da matsakaicin. Tashar Amundsen-Scott ta Kudu ta rubuta matsakaicin zafin jiki na Yuli tun 2002 a  ° C (11.3 ° F) sama da matsakaicin, tare da matsakaitan zafin jiki ya -47.6 ° C (-53.7 ° F) daga 20 zuwa 30 ga Yuli, yana saduwa da matsakacin zafin jiki ga Fabrairu Antarctic a ƙarshen bazara. Vostok, a tsakiyar kankara na Antarctica, ya kuma rubuta matsakaicin zafin watan Yuli tun 2009, a  ° C (11.5 ° F) sama da matsakaici.

Daraktan tsinkaya na MetDesk Michael Dukes ya bayyana cewa ban da rikodin yanayin zafi na yau da kullun a wurare da yawa, akwai hauhawar matsakaicin yanayin zafi a cikin Yuli 2024, wanda ya fi tasiri ga narkewar kankara. Masanin kimiyya na Berkeley Earth Zeke Hausfather ya bayyana cewa guguwar zafi ta Antarctic ta kasance mai ba da gudummawa ga kwanakin da suka fi zafi a duniya a tarihin yanayin da aka rubuta a watan Yulin 2024.  Masanin kimiyya na yanayi na Jami'ar Washington Edward Blanchard ya kira guguwar zafi "kusan rikodin (ko rikodin) ". "

## Halin da aka yi
Yawancin shahararrun masu binciken yanayi da yanayin yanayi sun nuna jin tsoro da damuwa game da guguwar zafi. Jami'ar California, masanin ilimin ƙasa na San Diego Jamin Greenbaum ya ba da tsoronsa game da raƙuman zafi na Antarctic na gaba da sakamakonsu a cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa, bayan ya lura da karuwar narkewa kowace shekara a Gabashin Antarctica yayin gudanar da tafiye-tafiye. Jami'ar Michigan School for Environment and Sustainability masanin kimiyya Jonathan Overpeck ya kira guguwar zafi "alamu na buɗe ido" na yadda canjin yanayi na ɗan adam ke tasiri Duniya.

## Manazarta