Shirin Kalpasar

**Aikin Kalpasar** ko Aikin **Ci gaban Gulf of Khambhat yana** hasashen gina 30&nbsp;madatsar ruwa mai nisan kilomita a kan Tekun Khambat a Indiya don kafa wata babbar tafki mai ruwan sha a bakin teku don ban ruwa, sha da dalilai na masana'antu.   Aikin da madatsar ruwa mai nisan kilomita 30 zai sami damar adana ruwan cubic mita biliyan 10, wanda ya yi daidai da 25% na yawan ruwan sama na Gujarat na shekara-shekara, daga koguna kamar Narmada, Mahi, Dhadhar, Sabarmati, Limbdi-Bhagovo, da wasu kananan koguna guda biyu.  Hakanan za a kafa hanyar hanyar hanya guda 10 akan madatsar ruwa, wanda zai rage tazara tsakanin Saurashtra da Gujarat ta Kudu .  Aikin, wanda zai haifar da mafi girman tafkin ruwa a duniya a cikin yanayin ruwa, zai kashe INR90,000 crore ko US $ 12.75 biliyan (kimanin 2015-16 tare da hauhawar farashin 8% na shekara-shekara) ban da farashin tashar wutar lantarki .  Aikin ya ƙunshi gina babban *"Dam na Kalpasar"* a fadin Gulf of Khambat da wani jirgin ruwa na Bhadbhut a kan kogin Narmada, da magudanar ruwa da ke haɗa su biyun. 

An fara kashe kuɗi da gaske a cikin 2004,  kuma ya zuwa 2018 INR 250 crore an kashe akan nazarin yuwuwar da bincike daban-daban.  Ta hanyar Yuli 2019, 25 na 43 na nazarin yuwuwa don tasirin muhalli, muhalli, zamantakewa da kuɗi, da sauransu sun cika; An kuma ci gaba da yin karin 8; ragowar binciken guda 10 zai ɗauki shekaru 3 zuwa 5 don kammalawa wato nan da 2021-23.  Cikakken Rahoton Ayyukan (DPR) an yi niyya don kammalawa a ƙarshen 2018.   Aikin, idan an same shi mai yiwuwa, zai ɗauki akalla shekaru 20 (na 2035-38) don kammala ciki har da shekaru 3 zuwa 5 na binciken yiwuwar ginawa wanda a halin yanzu ke gudana, da kuma kara 12 zuwa 15 shekaru da aka gina.  Tun daga shekarar 2018, ba a sami wani izinin muhalli ko wasu share fage na madatsar ruwan Kalpasar ba.  A halin yanzu an fara aikin ginin tashar jiragen ruwa na Bhadbhut, wanda ƙaramin sashi ne na aikin, wanda aka fara a cikin 2020. 

Sama da MCM 30,000 na ruwa daga kogin Narmada kadai ke kwarara a duk shekara zuwa cikin tekun saboda rashin iya ajiya da madatsun ruwa, don haka masana suka yi ta yin kira da a sake nazari kan manufar ruwa ta Gujarat don gaggauta aikin Kalpasar.  Kadan daga cikin ayyukan makamancin haka suna kan tudu don amfani da rarar ruwan ambaliya na kogunan Indiya. 

## Fage

### Etymology
*Kalpasar* yana nufin tafkin da ke cika dukkan buri (कल्प+सर). Gina kalmar yana kama da कल्पवृक्ष, tatsuniyar Hindu ' Kalpa Vriksha '( Devanagari : कल्पवृक्ष) - itacen fata. 

### Tarihi
An bayyana mashigin tekun Khambhat a matsayin wurin samar da wutar lantarki daga Masanin UNDP, Mista Eric Wilson a cikin shekara ta 1975. Sannan an gabatar da gwamnatocin da suka gaje su dalla-dalla game da yiwuwar wani aiki, wanda mai hangen nesa Dr. Anil Kane ya sanyawa suna Kalpasar Project, wanda ya tsara shi a cikin shekaru 80 a matsayin wani aiki mai yiwuwa. A cikin 1988-1989 an shirya rahoton bincike don dam ɗin da ke gabar Tekun Khambhat. Rahoton ya kammala da cewa, idan aka yi la’akari da yanayin tushe mai kyau, rufe mashigar tekun na iya yiwuwa a fasahance.  Har yanzu ana ci gaba da yin nazari kuma an rage tsawon dam ɗin da aka yi niyyar yi kuma an sauke bangaren wutar lantarki. An kiyasta farashin aikin a ₹ 85,000 crore tun daga 2022.  An ba da rahoton cewa aikin na iya ɗaukar shekaru 20 don kammalawa idan an same shi mai yiwuwa kuma an amince da shi. 

## Bayanan aikin

### Makasudai
Kalpasar na da nufin samar da tafki mai kyau a bakin teku a cikin Tekun Khambhat ta hanyar gina madatsar ruwa da ta hade gabas da yammacin gabar tekun Gulf. A cikin tafki za a adana kwararar ruwa daga Sabarmati, Mahi, Dhadar da Narmada, tare da ruwa daga kogin Saurashtra da ke kwarara cikin Tekun Khambhat . Ana amfani da ruwan da aka adana don ban ruwa, buƙatun ruwa na gida da masana'antu a yankin Saurashtra .  Ana ɗaukar Kalpasar a matsayin tabbataccen mafita don warwarewa akan gajere da kuma na dogon lokaci na barazanar sha da matsalolin ruwan ban ruwa a Saurashtra .

Da zarar an rufe Gulf, ana iya sarrafa matakan ruwa a cikin tafki yayin da ake ci gaba da jujjuyawar ruwa a wajen tafki kuma, don haka, ana iya yin amfani da shi don samar da makamashin ruwa .

Baya ga tanadin ruwa mai kyau da samar da wutar lantarki, Kalpasar kuma yana da nufin gyara filaye, inganta sufuri da haɓaka kamun kifi. Dangane da wannan aikin, za a gina babban tafki mai ruwan sha a gefen dam din da ke sama ta hanyar datse rarar ruwan rafuka masu yawa.

Wannan aikin, zai warware wasu muhimman matsaloli guda hudu na jihar Gujarat wadanda suka hada da ruwa, wutar lantarki, sufurin jiragen kasa da kuma bunkasa tashoshin jiragen ruwa. 

### Girma da farashi

#### An watsar na asali shirin da iyaka

Sanarwar da gwamnatin jihar ta fitar ta ce aikin na Rs 55,000 (dalar Amurka biliyan 11.7), wanda za a kammala shi nan da shekarar 2020, zai kasance da babban tafki mai cike da ruwa mai cike da tarin ruwa mai cubic miliyan 16,791, 64.&nbsp;madatsar ruwa mai tsayi mai nisan kilomita ƙetaren Tekun Khambhat mai haɗa Ghogha a Bhavnagar tare da Hansot a gundumar Bharuch, yana rage tazarar tsakanin su biyu da 225&nbsp;km. Za ta sami gidan samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin 5,880MW . Gwamnati ta ba da wani kiyasin a cikin Oktoba 2010 wanda ya bayyana shirin gina madatsar ruwa a arewacin Bhavnagar a yamma zuwa Aladar a Dahej a gabas.  A cikin 2017, tsarin aikin da aka sake fasalin ya rage girman tafkin tare da madatsar ruwa mai tsawon kilomita 30 kawai maimakon tsarin asali na dam mai tsawon kilomita 64. 

#### Sake gyara kuma an rage girman halin yanzu

A shekarar 2017 an rage fage da girman aikin dam din, maimakon dogon dam na Kalpasar da ke gabar Tekun Fasha, a yanzu zai samu guntun madatsar ruwan Kalpasar da ke gabar tekun Khambat tare da wani jirgin ruwa na Bhadbhut a kan kogin Narmada da magudanar ruwa da ke hade wadannan biyun.  An watsar da aikin wutar lantarki na Tidal daga iyaka,  wanda za'a iya ɗauka azaman aikin daban.

* **Dam din Kalpasar** : An rage girman dam din Kalpasar ta hanyar karkatar da jeri zuwa arewa, daga ƙauyen Kala Talav a gundumar Bhavnagar zuwa ƙauyen Aladar da ke arewacin tashar jiragen ruwa na Dahej a gundumar Bharuch . 

* **Bhadbhut barrage** : Tunda aka matsar da daidaitawar *"Dam na Kalpasar"* zuwa arewa, kogin Narmada ba zai gudana kai tsaye cikin dam din Kalpasar ba. A maimakon haka za a karkatar da ruwan Narmada zuwa madatsar ruwa ta Kalpasar ta hanyar gina wata babbar hanyar mota mai tsawon kilomita 1.7 -cum - weir na karfin ajiyar mita cubic miliyan 600 mai nisan kilomita 25 daga saman bakin Narmada kafin ya shiga cikin tekun kusa da Bhadbhut a gundumar Bharuch.    Wannan barasa na taimakawa wajen hana kutsawar ruwan gishiri a kogin Narmada. 

* **[[Bhadbhut-Kalpasar canal]]** : Don canja wurin ruwan kogin narmada daga *"Bhadbhut barrage"* zuwa *"Kalpasar dam"*, sabon 30&nbsp;Za a gina magudanar ruwa mai tsayin kilomita ɗaya mai lac cusecs guda ɗaya mai ɗaukar ruwa daga *"Barrage Bhadbhut"* zuwa *"Dam na Kalpasar"* . 

* **Umurnin ban ruwa na Kalpasar da tashoshi** : Za a gina magudanar ruwa da tashoshi daban-daban a cikin Saurashtra don ban ruwa da gonaki daga *"Dam na Kalpasar"* .  

### Batutuwa
Kogin Narmada daya daga cikin hanyoyin ruwa na 111 a Indiya wanda ke sauƙaƙe jigilar ruwa a Indiya, ƙirar Bhadhut a halin yanzu da gwamnatin Gujarat za ta ba da damar ƙaramin ƙarfin aji na uku ne kawai inda sanarwar ma'aikatar kula da ruwa ta ƙungiyar ta yi la'akari da mafi girman ƙarfin aji IV jiragen ruwa, saboda haka gwamnatin ƙungiyar ta nemi gwamnatin Gujarat da ta haɓaka ƙirar jirgin ruwa da manyan jiragen ruwa na jirgin ruwa. 

Akwai wasu batutuwan da suka shafi muhalli da muhalli da za a magance su a matsayin wani ɓangare na nazarin yiwuwar aiki iri-iri da ake gudanarwa.

### Halin halin yanzu

; Matakin tsarawa

* **1975-2004 Jira mara iyaka saboda rashin tsari da jinkirin aiwatarwa:** An haife shi a cikin 1975, an gano shi a cikin 1988-89 kuma tare da ginin da ake sa ran farawa a 2012, aiki ne da aka jinkirta sosai.  

; Matakin binciken yiwuwa

* **2004 - An fara kashe kuɗi akan binciken yuwuwar:**, amma an jinkirta aikin a cikin tambayoyi game da yuwuwar. 

* **2014-17 - binciken da ke gudana:** Gabaɗayan yankin Gulf na Khambhat ana gudanar da binciken Bathymetric da ƙasa don tantance matakan gadon teku a ƙarƙashin kulawar Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kasa (NIOT, Chennai).  

* **2019 - 25 safiyo daga cikin 43 da aka kammala, 8 yana gudana, 10 har yanzu ba a fara ba:** Zuwa Yuli 2019, 25 daga cikin 43 na nazarin yuwuwar tasirin muhalli, muhalli, zamantakewa da kuɗi, da sauransu sun cika; An kuma ci gaba da yin karin 8; ragowar binciken guda 10 zai ɗauki shekaru 3 zuwa 5 don kammalawa wato nan da 2021-23.   Cikakken Rahoton Ayyukan (DPR) an yi niyya don kammalawa a ƙarshen 2018. 

; Matakin gini

* Za a bayar da kwangilar *"Bhadhut barrage"* a watan Disamba 2019 kuma za a fara ginin a cikin 2020.  Ginin babban madatsar ruwa na *"Kalpasar Dam"* zai dauki shekaru 12 zuwa 15, da zarar an fara ginin sai bayan 2021-23.

## Sauran ayyukan ruwa a yankin
A watan Disamba na 2019, Babban Ministan Vijaybhai Rupani ya aza harsashin ginin masana'antar ruwa mai lamba 100 MLD a Dahej - wanda za a fara aiki nan da shekarar 2022 - kuma za a gina karin wasu nau'ikan daskararrun 8 a Gujarat don biyan bukatun ruwa na masana'antar jihar. 

## Manazarta