open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Stephen Whittington

**Stephen Whittington** (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1953) mawaƙi ne na Australiya, pianist, malami kuma marubucin kiɗa.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Whittington a Adelaide, Kudancin Ostiraliya, a shekarar 1953. Ya yi karatun kiɗa a Elder Conservatorium of Music, inda malamin piano ɗinsa Clemens Leske Sr. 

A cikin shekarun 1970s Whittington ya fara yin kiɗa na zamani a Adelaide, yana yin kiɗa ta George Crumb, Christian Wolff, Terry Riley, Cornelius Cardew, Howard Skempton, James Tenney, Alvin Curran, Alan Hovhaness, Terry Jennings, Peter Garland, Claude Vivier, Morton Feldman da sauran mawaƙa na zamani. Ya inganta kiɗa na mawaƙa na Australiya, wasu daga cikinsu mazauna Adelaide, ciki har da Quentin Grant, David Kotlowy da Raymond Chapman-Smith, duka solo da kuma tare da Breakthrough Piano Quartet. A cikin 2011 Whittington ya buga kiɗa na Erik Satie a wani kide-kide da aka gudanar a Elder Hall a Jami'ar Adelaide. Baya ga rubuta wata kasida a kan Vexations,   ya shiga cikin wasanni da yawa, ciki har da Vienna (2009),  da Annecy (2010).

A shekarar 1988, Whittington ta shirya bikin *Breakthrough Festival*, wani taron kwanaki 3 na gwajin kiɗa a Kwalejin Fasaha da Ilimi ta Adelaide, wanda ya gabatar da ayyukan Morton Feldman, James Tenney, Malcolm Goldstein, Christian Wolff, Alvin Curran da mawakan Ostiraliya. Ya haɗa da wasan kwaikwayo na Cage mai tsawon ƙafa 4 da ƙafa 33 a kan piano ashirin. Ya kuma kafa ƙungiyar *Breakthrough*, wadda ta ba da wasanni na farko a Ostiraliya na manyan ayyuka na Simeon ten Holt ( *Horizon* ), Steve Reich, Morton Feldman, Peter Garland . Ƙungiyar ta kuma ba da umarnin sabbin ayyuka daga mawakan Ostiraliya. Ta kuma buga shirye-shiryen kiɗan da aka fi so daga The Doors, The Beatles da Joy Division . A shekarar 1989 ya ziyarci kuma ya yi wasa a Burtaniya. &#x5B; ** &#x5D; Haɗuwa da mawaƙa a can ya ƙara tabbatar da alkiblar aikinsa a matsayin mai buga piano da mawaƙi. *Injin Injin Iska*, wani aiki na ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta kirtani daga 1991 inda 'yan wasan suka kwaikwayi sautin famfon iska mai tsatsa. Ɗan jaridar kiɗa Graham Strahle ya rubuta game da waƙar "Idan Ostiraliya ta samar da wani abu na gargajiya na kiɗan minimalism, to wannan shi ne, yana bayyana soyayyarmu da daji."

## Bayanan da aka yi
A yau, Ostiraliya ce. Galun Records, 2003. *Kirsimeti na Australiya*. [Hasiya] Tafiya zuwa Kashi na Duniya. Domenico de Clario (piano) da Stephen Whittington (piano, piano da aka shirya, piano na wasa, cymbal). 4-CD saiti. Gidauniyar Nazarin Fasaha ta Australiya, 2010.

Kiɗa don kayan aikin filin jirgin sama. Zephyr Quartet. Cold Blue Music, 2013 

*Ginin iska*.  (Ya haɗa da igiyoyin Windmill da ... daga wani hutun da aka rufe da ita.) Zephyr Quartet. Cold Blue Music, 2017 

## Manazarta
Phillip H. Wiebe

**Phillip H. Wiebe** (23 ga Agusta, 1945 - 26 ga Oktoba, 2018) masanin falsafa ne na Kanada. Ya kasance shugaban Sashen Falsafa, farfesa na falsafar kuma tsohon dean na zane-zane da nazarin addini a Jami'ar Trinity Western da makarantar karatun digiri. Shi ne marubucin *Allah da Sauran Ruhohi* da Wahayi na Yesu, duka daga Jami'ar Oxford Press. Yankunan bincikensa na farko sun kasance a cikin falsafar addini da kimiyya, da kuma ilimin kimiyya.

## Degrees
Wiebe ya sami B.A. da M.A.. daga Jami'ar Manitoba, da Ph.D. daga Jami'an Adelaide, inda ya yi karatu a karkashin J. J. C. Smart.

## Yankunan ƙwarewa
Falsafar nazari; falsafar addini, kwarewar addini. 

* Wasu sun bayyana Phillip Wiebe a matsayin "Mystical Empiricist".
* Har ila yau sanannen masanin Shroud na Turin 

## Manazarta
Carl Wieland

**Carl Wieland** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1950) matashi ne na Australiya mai kirkirar duniya, marubuci kuma mai magana. Ya kasance manajan darektan Ma'aikatar *Halitta* ta Duniya (tsohon Amsoshi a Farawa - Ostiraliya), ma'aikatun apologetics na Halitta. CMI sune masu rarraba mujallar Creation da Journal of Creation .

## Tarihin rayuwa
Wieland likita ne wanda ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Adelaide a Kudancin Australia amma ya daina yin aikin likita a shekarar 1986. Wannan ya faru ne saboda hadarin da Wieland ke ciki tare da "cikakken tankar mai a kan babbar hanya".  Ya jimre watanni biyar da rabi a asibiti kuma ya sha wahala fiye da hamsin, kamar yadda aka tattauna a cikin littafinsa, Walking Through Shadows . Ya kasance tsohon shugaban kungiyar likitancin Kirista ta Kudancin Australia.

A shekara ta 2005 AiG ta rabu sakamakon rashin jituwa tsakanin Carl Wieland, Shugaba na AiG-Australia da Ken Ham, Shugaba ta AiG-US. Ham ya riƙe jagorancin reshen AiG na Amurka da United Kingdom a ƙarƙashin sunan AiG, yayin da Wieland ya riƙe reshen Australia da alaƙa da rassan Kanada, New Zealand da Afirka ta Kudu, a ƙarƙashin sunan Ma'aikatar Halitta ta Duniya, kuma ya kafa ofisoshin CMI a Amurka da Ingila.

A ranar 6 ga Maris 2015, Wieland ya yi ritaya daga ma'aikatar kirkirar abubuwa, kuma ya sauka a matsayin Shugaba na CMI-Australia. 

## Haɗin waje

* Ma'aikatar Halitta Tarihin Duniyah

## Manazarta
Carol Wham

**Carol Anne Wham** masanin kimiyya ce ta New Zealand kuma farfesa a fannin abinci mai gina jiki a Jami'ar Massey .

## Ayyukan ilimi
Wham ta kammala karatu tare da MSc daga Jami'ar Otago a 1994  sannan ta koma Jami'ar Adelaide don gudanar da PhD, tare da rubutun da ake kira "Changing New Zealanders' attitudes to milk?".  Ta koma New Zealand, inda ta kasance a cikin ma'aikatan Jami'ar Massey tun shekara ta 2006. 

A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2019 an kara wa Wham matsayi na cikakken farfesa a Kwalejin Lafiya a Jami'ar Massey daga ranar 1 ga Janairun shekara ta 2020.

## Manazarta
F. E. Williams

**Francis Edgar Williams** (9 ga Fabrairu 1893 - 12 ga Mayu 1943) masanin ilimin ɗan adam ne na Australiya wanda ya yi aiki ga gwamnatin Yankin Papua daga 1922 zuwa 1942.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haife shi a Malvern, Kudancin Australia kuma ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Kyre, makarantar Baptist ta Kudancin Ostiraliya, Williams ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Adelaide a shekara ta 1914 tare da manyan girmamawa, kuma an ba shi Rhodes Scholarship don karatu a Jami'ar Oxford. Duk da haka ya yanke shawarar shiga rundunar sojin Australiya a 1915 kuma ya yi aiki a Faransa a matsayin mataimakin a cikin 32nd Battalion. An ɗaukaka shi zuwa matsayin kyaftin din girmamawa a farkon 1918, ya yi aiki a wani aikin sirri a Caucasus a karkashin Janar Lionel Dunsterville . A shekara ta 1919, ya ɗauki Rhodes Scholarship a Balliol, kuma ya kammala karatu a fannin ilimin ɗan adam a shekara ta 1921.

## Papua New Guinea
Komawa a Ostiraliya a ƙarshen shekara, ya sadu a watan Fabrairun 1922 da Lieutenant-Governor na Papua, Hubert Murray, wanda ke neman matashi mai karfi na Oxford don aiki a matsayin mataimakin masanin ilimin ɗan adam na gwamnati kusa da Dokta William Mersh Strong, wanda ya fi aiki fiye da masanin kimiyya. An nada shi a ranar 8 ga Maris 1922, an kara Williams zuwa Masanin ilimin Dan Adam na Gwamnati lokacin da Strong ya yi ritaya a 1928, kuma ya ci gaba da matsayin har zuwa mutuwar gwamnatin Papuan a shekarar 1942.  Ya auri Constance Laura Dennis, malamar makarantar sakandare daga Vancouver, a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1926. Ta zauna tare da Williams a Papuan, tana taimaka masa da rahotonsa da bayanan filin. An haifi ɗansu Francis, amma an san shi da Jack, a Kanada a 1927. Saboda ciwon ƙwaƙwalwa da aka samu tun yana jariri wanda ya kai shi kusan rashin gani an tura Jack zuwa makarantar makafi a Ingila, tare da Constance akai-akai yana ciyar da lokaci tare da shi.

### Hotuna
A lokacin da yake aiki tare da gwamnatin Papua, Williams ya ɗauki hotuna kusan wurare goma sha takwas daban-daban a fadin bangarori takwas na gudanarwa, wanda ya haifar da kusan faranti na gilashi 2000 da kuma negatives. Abin da ya sa hotunansa na musamman shine tsawon lokaci da kuma fadada yankin da aka rufe a cikin hotunansa. Halinsa alama ce ta buƙatar 'hankali na hoto' wanda ya zama ruwan dare a lokacin, tare da manufar yin rubuce-rubuce daidai yadda ya kamata al'adun da yake karatu. Tarin Williams galibi ana ajiye shi a cikin Tarihin Kasa na Ostiraliya a Canberra da Tarihin Kasa ya Papua New Guinea a Port Moresby

Daga cikin rahotanni da yawa da Williams ya rubuta wa gwamnatin Papuan, Orokaiva Society (1930) ya haifar da digiri na girmamawa na MA daga Jami'ar Adelaide, Papuans of the Trans-Fly (1936) ya ba shi B.Sc. daga Oxford, inda ya kuma sami ƙarin D. Sc. a cikin 1941 don Drama of Orokolo (1940). Williams ta kuma sami lambar yabo ta zinare ta Wellcome don binciken ilimin ɗan adam (1933), lambar yabo ta Cilento (1935), da kuma Rockefeller (1933-34).

## Manazarta
Pip Williams (marubuci)

**Pip Williams** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1969) marubuci ne na Australiya kuma mai binciken zamantakewa. An fi saninta da littafinta na farko The Dictionary of Lost Words, wanda aka buga a shekarar 2020. Littafinta na biyu, The Bookbinder of Jericho, an buga shi a cikin 2023.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Pip Williams a Landan, Ingila a shekarar 1969. Mahaifiyarta ta Brazil ta yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin mai gyaran gashi kuma mahaifinta ɗan Welsh masanin kwamfuta ne, wanda kuma ya rubuta littattafan yara da ban dariya, kuma ya kasance mai fafutuka. Pip ta koma tare da iyayenta da ƙanwarta zuwa Sydney, New South Wales, a cikin 1972.

Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Mackellar Girls kuma ta girma a Arewacin Sydney. Lokacin da take da shekaru 15, an buga waka da ta rubuta a cikin mujallar Dolly. Tana son karatu, kuma littafin da ta fi so shi ne The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, amma ta karanta a hankali, kuma ta koyi tun tana 'yar shekara 17 cewa tana da dyslexic. A shekara 18, tana so ta zama Mai tsara kayan ado.

## Ayyuka
Williams ta yi aiki a matsayin Mai binciken zamantakewa a Cibiyar Aiki da Rayuwa a Jami'ar Kudancin Ostiraliya, inda manajanta shine masanin tattalin arziki Barbara Pocock, daga baya sanata na *Australiya* Greens. A wannan lokacin ta hada hannu da Time Bomb: Work, Rest and Play in Australia Today (NewSouth Press, 2012), tare da Barbara Pocock da Natalie Skinner. Ta yi wasu shirye-shiryen rediyo don samar da Rediyo na Arewacin Beaches, kuma ta fara buga abubuwan da ba na fiction ba a cikin The Australian da InDaily, bayan ta koma Adelaide a shekara ta 2003.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Williams ta sadu da abokin aikinta, Shannon, lokacin da take da shekaru 19, kuma suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu. Sun ƙaura daga Sydney zuwa gonar nishaɗi a Adelaide Hills a shekara ta 2003, amma sun gano bayan wasu shekaru (yayinda Williams ke aiki a cikin birni) cewa "ba su da bege a ciki". Daga nan sai suka fitar da yaran daga makaranta suka tafi Italiya na watanni shida don yin aiki a matsayin WWOOFers (Willing Workers on Organic Farms), suna aiki a Tuscany, Calabria, da Piedmont.

Ya zuwa 2024 Williams yana zaune a cikin Adelaide Hills, kuma sau da yawa yana rubutu a cikin cafes a cikin garuruwan Hills.

Ta bayyana kanta a matsayin mai ba da labari, wanda ba ya son zama cibiyar kulawa. Tana da dyslexia da dysgraphia.

## Manazarta
Ross Williams

**Ross Neil Williams** masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta ne kuma ɗan kasuwa na Australiya wanda ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga matsa bayanai da fasahar cire bayanai. An fi saninsa da mai kirkirar takardar shaidar Amurka 5,990,810 kuma wanda ya kafa *Rocksoft Pty Ltd*.

Ross Williams ya sami digirinsa na PhD a cikin matsa bayanai daga Jami'ar Adelaide a cikin 1991 kuma daga baya aka buga rubutun sa a matsayin Adaptive Data Compression .  Williams ya gudanar da bincike a cikin dabarun matsa lamba na Lempel-Ziv ba tare da asarar ba a lokacin da ya haɓaka algorithm na SAKDC, kewayon algorithms na LZRW, kuma ya kirkiro rukunin labarai *comp.compression* da comp.compressure.research.

A cikin 1996 Williams ya gabatar da takardar shaidar, takardar shaidarsa ta Amurka 5,990,810, don tsarin rarraba bayanai mai tsawo wanda tun daga lokacin ya zama tushen fasahar cire bayanai a masana'antar adana bayanai na kwamfuta.

A shekara ta 2001, Williams ta kafa kamfanin amincin bayanai da ajiyar bayanai Rocksoft Pty Ltd. Tare da Williams a matsayin shugaban da kuma babban gine-gine, Rocksoft ta haɓaka fasahar cirewa zuwa samfurin kasuwanci. A shekara ta 2006, an sayar da Rocksoft ga ADIC  wanda Quantum Corporation ta samu nan da nan.

A cikin shekara ta 2007, takardar shaidar Williams ta zama batun shari'a tsakanin Kamfanin Quantum da Fasaha ta Riverbed.

Tun lokacin da ya fice daga Rocksoft, Williams ya kafa, tare da abokin tarayya David Sag, *Carbon Planet Pty Ltd*, kamfanin binciken kudi na carbon, asali, da kuma siyarwa.

## Manazarta
George A. Willis

**George A. Willis** FAA (an haife shi 10 Nuwamba 1954) masanin lissafi ne na Australiya. Willis ya sami digiri na BSc (1976) da BSc (Hons) a cikin lissafi daga Jami'ar Adelaide (1977), da kuma digiri na biyu daga Jami'an Newcastle a kan Tyne (1981) a karkashin kulawar Farfesa B. E. Johnson. A halin yanzu shi ne Farfesa Emeritus na Lissafi a Jami'ar Newcastle (Australia). An fi saninsa da ayyukansa a cikin ka'idar rukuni, musamman ƙungiyoyi masu rarrabe gaba ɗaya.

## Ayyuka
An yi amfani da aikin Willis sosai a yankin Australia a Jami'ar Newcastle (Australia) . An nada shi cikakken Farfesa da kuma Farfesa na ARC a cikin 2009, da kuma ARC Laureate Fellow a cikin 2018.

Bayan bayar da digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar Newcastle a kan Tyne a 1981, ya koma Ostiraliya kuma ya ɗauki matsayi a matsayin Rothman's Postdoctoral Fellow a Jami'ar New South Wales . Daga 1983 zuwa 1985 ya yi aiki a Jami'ar Halifax, Nova Scotia, a matsayin Killam Postdoctoral Fellow, sannan ya sake komawa Ostiraliya a matsayin Sarauniya Elizabeth II Fellow a Jami'an Adelaide, kafin ya fara karatun a Jami'aren Flinders na Kudancin Ostiraliya. Willis daga nan ya koma Jami'ar Kasa ta Australiya a matsayin mai bincike a shekarar 1989, kafin a ƙarshe ya koma Jamiʼar Newcastle (Australia) don ɗaukar lacca inda yake yanzu Farfesa Emeritus.

## Bincike
An buga takardar bincike ta farko ta Willis a 1982 bisa ga bincikensa na rubutun digirinsa. Binciken farko na Willis ya kasance a kan nazarin aiki da nazarin jituwa, kafin ya shiga cikin ka'idar rukuni, musamman ƙungiyoyin da ba su da alaƙa da juna (TDLC) da kuma hulɗa tsakanin algebra da topology. Manyan yankuna da sakamakon sun hada da:

* Sakamakon tsarin Willis na gaba ɗaya don ƙungiyoyi masu ƙarancin gida sun shirya hanyar fahimtar waɗannan ƙungiyoyin da suka kasance marasa iyaka na shekaru 60. Daga wannan aikin ya fito da abin da yanzu aka sani da "Willis' Theory",  "duk sabon fahimta" a cikin tsari da rarraba ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu.

* A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2014 an gudanar da Arbeitsgemeinschaft a Oberwolfach wanda aka sadaukar da shi don bincike kan kungiyoyi masu rarraba gaba ɗaya.

* Willis ya nuna cewa factorisation a cikin Banach da algebra na rukuni yana yiwuwa a lokuta lokacin da Cohen factorisation theorem bai shafi ba, kuma ya rufe gardamar ta amfani da misalai marasa kyau.

* Willis da Yehuda Shalom sun hada hannu da wani takarda wanda ya amsa ka'idar Margulis da Zimmer ga wani nau'i mai yawa na kungiyoyi, kuma ya samar da tsari mai mahimmanci don la'akari da sakamakon da yawa a cikin ka'idar rigidity na kungiyoyin lissafi. Wannan takarda ta lashe Willis lambar yabo ta Gavin Brown ta 2016.

* Willis da Udo Baumgartner sun fara bayyana ƙungiyoyin raguwa a cikin shekara ta 2004, ta hanyar tabbatar da ka'idar cewa idan sikelin ba 1 ba to ƙungiyar raguwa ba ta da mahimmanci.

## Manazarta
Tim Willoughby

**Timothy John Willoughby** (24 Yuni 1954 - 9 Janairu 2008) ya kasance mai tuƙi jirgin ruwa na Australiya, mai tuka jirgin sama kuma mai sayar da kayayyaki. Ya kasance zakaran Australiya sau biyar, dan wasan Olympics biyu kuma ya lashe lambar tagulla a cikin maza takwas na Australiya a gasar Olympics ta 1984 a Los Angeles.

## Kungiyar da kuma motsa jiki na jihar
An haife shi a Adelaide, Kudancin Australia a shekara ta 1954, Willoughby ya fara nuna alkawari a matsayin mai tuƙi yayin da yake Kwalejin St Mark a Jami'ar Adelaide, inda ya kasance kyaftin din jirgin ruwa a Kungiyar Jirgin Jami'ar Adélaide. 

An fara zabar Willoughby don wakiltar Kudancin Australia a cikin manyan maza takwas na 1975 wanda ya fafata a Kofin Sarki a Interstate Regatta .  Ya buga wasanni tara na Kofin Sarki a Kudancin Australia tsakanin 1975 da 1984. Wannan lokaci ne na zinariya ga maza masu nauyi na Kudancin Australia kuma takwas sun lashe taken a 1981, 1982 da 1983; kuma sun kasance na biyu a 1975, 1977, 1979 da 1984.

## Gudun ruwa na kasa da kasa
Willoughby ya fara wakiltar Australiya a gasar tseren kwale-kwale ta maza takwas da aka zaɓa don fafatawa a gasar Olympics ta Moscow ta 1980. Wannan ƙungiyar ta kammala da matsayi na biyar.  An zaɓe shi a shekarar 1981 zuwa matsayi na huɗu tare da Graham Jones, Jim Battersby da John Bentley waɗanda suka yi tsere a gasar tseren kwale-kwale ta duniya ta 1981 a Munich zuwa matsayi na shida.  A shekarar 1982, an zaɓi Bruce Keynes don fafatawa a gasar tseren kwale-kwale ta duniya ta 1982 a Lucerne. Sun rasa wasan ƙarshe na A kuma sun zo na bakwai gaba ɗaya. 

A shekara ta 1983, Willoughby ya sami kujerar shida na Australiya takwas da aka zaba a cikin iyakantaccen tawagar da aka aika zuwa Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1983 a Duisburg Jamus. Takwas sun yi kyau a cikin regattas a Vichy, Ratzeburg da Nottingham. A wasan karshe a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ma'aikatan Australiya sun zana mummunan hanya kuma sun rasa fa'idar iska ta wutsiya duk da haka sun yi tsere mai karfi na biyu 1000m kuma sun gama a matsayi na uku don lambar tagulla.

## Mai Jirgin Ruwa
Bayan nasarar da ya samu a Los Angeles, Willoughby ya kasance memba na jirgin ruwa na Australiya Kookaburra III, wanda ya yi ƙoƙari ya kare Kofin Amurka a 1987 amma jirgin ruwa na Amurka Stars & Stripes ya ci shi. Ya kasance a Perth bayan Kofin Amurka kuma ya zama shugaban Majalisar Wasannin Olympics ta WA da kuma kungiyar Olympians ta WA, yana wakiltar Yammacin Australia zuwa Kwamitin Wasannin Olympics na Australiya. 

## Ayyukan sana'a
Willoughby ya shafe shekaru ashirin yana aiki a matsayin dillalin hannun jari na bankin saka hannun jari na Goldman Sachs JBWere . Bayan ya bar Goldman Sachs a ƙarshen 2007, Willoughby zai fara aiki a kamfanin Citi Smith Barney a ranar 10 ga Janairu 2008, amma ya mutu kwatsam a ranar 9 ga Janairu 2008 bayan ya sha fama da bugun zuciya a cikin jirgin sama daga Amurka zuwa Singapore, yana dawowa gida daga hutun iyali a New Mexico. 

## Manazarta
Steve Wilton

**Stephen Donald Wilton** AO, wanda aka fi sani da **Steve Wilton**, masanin kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta ne na Australiya kuma masanin kimiyya, yana aiki a matsayin Farfesa na Gidauniyar Molecular Therapy a Jami'ar Murdoch kuma farfesa a Jami'iyyar Western Australia (UWA). Ya kuma cika matsayi biyu a matsayin Darakta a Cibiyar Perron ta Neurological da Translational Science da mataimakin darakta a Cibiyar Murdoch ta Molecular Medicine da Innovative Therapeutics (CMMIT).

## Ilimi
Wilton ya sami digiri na farko na Kimiyya daga Jami'ar Adelaide (AU) a shekarar 1978, sannan ya sami digiri ya farko na Kimiya tare da girmamawa a shekarar 1979. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Masanin Kimiyya a Geneworks a Adelaide,  daga 1983 zuwa 1987 bayan kammala digiri na Doctor of Philosophy, wanda aka ba shi a 1984 daga AU.

## Ayyuka
Wilton ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Sashin DNA a Cibiyar Nazarin Neuromuscular ta Australia daga 1991 zuwa 2004. Daga nan sai ya ba da umarnin Babban Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin Kwayoyin Kwayar Kwayar Kwayoyin Kwalejin Kwalejin kwayar Kwalejin daga 1999 zuwa 2010 kuma ya rike matsayi daban-daban a UWA har zuwa 2013, gado da Farfesa na Bincike da Shugaban Kungiyar Kwalejin. A shekara ta 2013, ya ɗauki matsayin Darakta a Cibiyar Perron kuma a lokaci guda ya ɗauki alƙawari a matsayin Shugaban Gidauniyar Molecular Therapy a Cibiyar Nazarin Genomics a Jami'ar Murdoch .  Ya kuma shiga cikin kafa Cibiyar Kula da Magunguna da Sabuntawa (CMMIT) a matsayin wani ɓangare na Murdoch's Health Futures initiative a matsayin haɗin gwiwar bincike tare da Cibiyar Perron a cikin 2019. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na CMMIT har zuwa farkon 2023 kuma yana riƙe da matsayin Mataimakin Darakta  yayin da yake aiki a cikin Ƙungiyar Ba da Shawara ta Al'umma kuma yana mai da hankali kan bincike kan magani mai kyau da warkewa don cututtukan da aka gada da kuma samu. Bugu da ƙari, yana riƙe da matsayi a matsayin Shugaban Gidauniyar da Co-Shugaba na Laboratory na Molecular Therapy a Jami'ar Murdoch, kuma farfesa ne a UWA. Ya ci gaba da kasancewa Darakta a Cibiyar Perron ta Neurological da Translational Science, matsayin da ya rike tun 2013.

## Bincike
Binciken Wilton ya kunshi maganin kwayoyin, anti-sense nucleic acid, RNA splicing, da kuma maganin daidaito, tare da aikace-aikace don yanayin da ya haɗa da Cututtukan neurodegenerative, Cystic fibrosis, muscular dystrophies, multiple sclerosis, da yanayin numfashi. Kungiyar bincikensa ta kuma samar da 'yan takara na asibiti don cutar Pompe, kumburi, da cututtukan neuron. Tare da hadin gwiwar masu bincike na Jami'ar Monash, ƙungiyarsa ta mai da hankali kan oligomers masu hana kumburi da ke fuskantar Mai karɓar kayan aikin Glycation na Ci gaba (RAGE) don yanayi kamar sepsis, asma, da emphysema.

## Manazarta
Angela Woollacott

**Angela Mary Woollacott** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1955) masanin tarihi Australiya ce wacce ta ba da gudummawa ga tarihin Daular Burtaniya da Ostiraliya . Ta rubuta littattafai da yawa da labaran mujallu, da kuma jerin litattafan tarihin Australiya, ta yi aiki a kan allon edita na Journal of Women's History, Journal of British Studies, da Lilith: A Feminist History Journal, kuma ta yi aiki na kwamitin ba da shawara na duniya don Settler Colonial Studies. Ta kasance tsohon shugaban kungiyar Tarihin Australiya.

Wani bita ya ce game da ɗayan littattafan Woollacott, "Woollacott ya rubuta wani bincike mai motsawa da tunani game da yanayin da ƙarfin mulkin mallaka a cikin yankunan kudanci. Ya kafa ajanda don sabon bincike kuma zai sa masana tarihi su sake bincika yawancin tunanin su game da al'ummar mulkin mallaka na Ostiraliya"

## Haɗin waje

* Woollacott, AngelaaEncyclopedia na Mata da Jagora a cikin karni na ashirin na Australia

## Manazarta
Danielle Wood (masanin tattalin arziki)

**Danielle Wood** masaniyar tattalin arziki ce ta Australiya wadda ta kasance a watan Agustan 2025 Shugaba Hukumar samarwa. Ta fara ne a matsayin shugabar a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2023, kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta rike mukamin. Kafin lokacin da ta kasance shugabar kwamiti, ta kasance Shugaba na Cibiyar Grattan daga 2020 zuwa 2023.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Danielle Wood ta girma a cikin Adelaide Hills, 'yar Rae da Simon Wood.

Ta halarci Makarantar Anglican ta Walford don 'yan mata a Hyde Park, Adelaide . Walford, duk da haka, ba ta ba da tattalin arziki a matsayin shekara 12 ba, don haka ta dauki darussan tattalin arziki a Kwalejin Eynesbury. Daga nan ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Adelaide, ta kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko na tattalin arziki tare da girmamawa a shekara ta 2001, kafin ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin tattalin arziki da dokar gasa daga Jami'ar Melbourne.

## Ayyuka
Bayan kammala karatunta, Wood ta fara aikinta a matsayin masanin tattalin arziki na bincike tare da Hukumar samarwa. Daga nan sai ta yi aiki a Hukumar Gasar Australiya da Abokan Ciniki da NERA Tattalin Arziki. 

A shekara ta 2014, ta shiga Cibiyar Grattan, wani tanki na Manufofin jama'a da ke zaune a Melbourne. Lokacin da Shugaba na farko na cibiyar John Daley ya yi ritaya a watan Yulin 2020, ta gaji da shi a matsayin. Matsayinta na jagorancin Grattan ya sanya ta fitacciyar mai sharhi kan tattalin arziki na yau da kullun a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na Australiya, tare da Australian Financial Review yana bayyana ta a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin masu ilimin tattalin arziki da aka fi sani da su a kasar". Ta sami kulawa ta musamman saboda jawabin da ta yi wa taron ma'aikata da ƙwarewa na gwamnatin tarayya a watan Satumbar 2022, wanda ya mayar da hankali kan inganci da kuma shiga mata a cikin ma'aikata.

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2024, Wood ya gabatar da Magana ta Hugh Stretton a Jami'ar Adelaide, a kan batun rashin daidaito na tattalin arziki a Ostiraliya.

## Manazarta
Jules Wright (darakta na gidan wasan kwaikwayo)

**Jules Wright** (25 Fabrairu 1948 - 21 Yuni 2015) ta kasance darektan gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Australiya, co-kafa a 1981 na Women's Playhouse Trust (WPT), darektan mata na farko a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Royal Court, kasancewar a wannan lokacin tana ɗaya daga cikin mata shida kawai da suka ba da umarni a kan babban mataki.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Wright Alexandra Vesty a Melbourne a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 1948. Ma'aurata daga Adelaide ne suka karbe ta, ta yi karatun ilimin halayyar ilimi a Jami'ar Adelaide.

## Ayyuka
A Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Royal a Stratford East, Clare Venables ya ba Wright damar jagorantar sana'a. Daga baya, Wright ya zama darektan zane-zane a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Liverpool.

A Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Royal Court Wright ya ba da umarnin Sarah Daniels" Masterpieces, wasan da ke hulɗa da batsa,   wanda, a cikin 1998, gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya zaɓi a matsayin wasan wakilci na shekarun 1980 a cikin jerin NT2000 na "Wasanni Ɗari na Karni"

A cikin 1984 Wright ya ba da umarnin budewar WPT, wasan kwaikwayo na Aphra Behn na 1686 The Lucky Chance . Wadanda aka jefa sun hada da Harriet Walter, Alan Rickman, Pam Ferris, Kathryn Pogson da Denis Lawson . Zane shine Jenny Tiramani da kiɗa wanda Ilona Sekacz ya kirkiro. A cikin 1995 Wright ta sake aiki a kan wasan kwaikwayon da Behn, mace ta farko ta Ingila mai sana'a, ta ba da umarnin The *[[The Rover (play)|Rover ɗin]]* Jami'ar BBC / Open.

Ta auri Josh Wright - wanda ta sadu da shi a makaranta a Adelaide - a 1967 kuma ta zo tare da shi zuwa Burtaniya a 1973. inda ya yi aiki a matsayin masanin gine-gine yayin da Wright ya yi karatu don PhD a Jami'ar Bristol yana binciken ilimin halayyar dan adam, aiki da wuri.  An rushe aurensu, amma sun sake yin aure a shekarar 2015, kwana hudu kafin mutuwarta daga ciwon daji.

Wright ya horar da shi a matsayin masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam wanda ke aiki tare da marasa lafiya na anorexia.

Ta mutu a Landan a ranar 21 ga Yuni 2015. A ranar 10 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2015, rayuwar Wright ta kasance daya daga cikin wadanda aka yi bikin a shirin BBC Radio 4 na Last Word . 

## Manazarta
Penny Wright

**Penelope Lesley Wright** (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1961) 'yar gwagwarmayar Australiya ce kuma tsohuwar 'yar siyasa wacce ita ce mai kula da yara da matasa a Kudancin Australia.

Tsohuwar lauya, malami, matsakanci, da memba na Kotun, ta kuma kasance sanata ta Greens ta Australia ta Kudu Australia, wacce aka zaba a Zaben 2010. Ta yi murabus a watan Satumbar 2015.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Wright a 1961 a Red Cliffs a yankin Sunraysia na Victoria, ta shida cikin 'ya'ya bakwai na Lesley da Hugh Wright .  Ta shafe yawancin yarinta tana girma a Melbourne bayan iyalinta suka koma can a shekarar 1968. Wright ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Wattle Park a Burwood kafin ta koma makarantar sakandare ce ta MacRobertson don manyan masu nasara. Bayan kammala makarantar sakandare ta yi karatun zane-zane / doka a Jami'ar Melbourne,  daga baya ta sami difloma na digiri a Nazarin Muhalli a Adelaide.

Wright ta shafe shekaru 20 tana aiki a matsayin lauya kafin zaben ta a majalisa. 

Ta zama mai kula da yara da matasa a cikin kulawa a ranar 10 ga Yuli 2017.

## Ayyukan siyasa
Wright memba ce ta kafa reshen Kudancin Australia na Greens (tare da mijinta Mark Parnell, MLC na jihar, galibi ana ɗaukarsa wanda ya kafa Kudancin Australia Greens). A cewar Wright, ta jinkirta aikinta na siyasa a lokacin (1995) don tayar da yara.

An sanya Wright na farko a tikitin Majalisar Dattijan Greens na Kudancin Australia don Zaben tarayya na 2010. Jam'iyyar ta samu kashi 6.8 cikin dari a Kudancin Australia, ta kammala da kashi 13.3 cikin dari na kuri'un Majalisar Dattijai a fadin jihar. Wright ya haɗu da wasu Sanatocin Green guda takwas a cikin gidan sama daga farkon watan Yulin 2011, gami da Sanata na Kudancin Australia mai suna Sarah Hanson-Young. 

A lokacin da ta fara wa'adin majalisar dattijai a watan Yulin 2011, an sanya Wright a matsayin Babban Lauyan, Takardar 'yan asalin ƙasar, Harkokin Tsohon Sojoji, Haɗin Jama'a, Lafiya ta Zuciya  da Gidauniyar a cikin Tarayyar Tarayya.  Ta ci gaba da rike Babban Lauyan, Harkokin Tsohon Sojoji, Lafiya ta Zuciya da Makarantu da Ilimi.

A ranar 17 ga watan Yulin 2015, Wright ta sanar da cewa za ta yi murabus daga Majalisar Dattijai saboda rashin lafiya a cikin iyalinta. Ta ba da jawabinta na ƙarshe a ranar 19 ga watan Agusta,  kuma ta yi murabus a ranar 9 ga watan Satumba. An nada Robert Simms a matsayin gurbi ta hanyar zaman hadin gwiwa na Majalisar dokokin Kudancin Australia a ranar 22 ga Satumba 2015. 

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Wright ta auri Mark Parnell tare da wanda ta koma Adelaide a 1989 bayan watanni 9 a Turai. Wright da Parnell suna da 'ya'ya uku, Felix, Eleanor da Mungo.

Bayan kashe kansa na Mungo yana da shekaru 21 a watan Satumbar 2016, iyayensa sun yi amfani da mutuwarsa don wayar da kan jama'a game da bayar da gudummawar gabobin jiki bayan sun ba da gudummawa ga corneas.

## Manazarta
Xu Rongmao

**Xu Rongmao** GBM , GBS ( simplified Chinese    haifi Hui Wing Mau a shekarar 1950, ko kuma **Hui Wing Mau** a ƙasar Cantonese, ɗan kasuwa ne kuma attajiri ɗan ƙasar China-Australia , kuma wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban Shimao Property . Ana kyautata zaton Xu yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu haɓaka gidaje a Shanghai.

## Ayyuka
A shekara ta 1988, ya yi iƙirarin saka hannun jari na dala miliyan 0.19 a cikin masana'antar sutura a garinsu, amma ya yi niyyar gina otal a maimakon haka, kodayake an haramta saka hannun jari a otal-otal masu zaman kansu a wannan lokacin. Koyaya, da zaran an kammala ginin, an canza manufofin gwamnati don ba da damar masu zaman kansu su sami otal-otal ɗin su. Daga nan Xu ya zama mai mallakar otal din taurari uku na farko a kasar Sin. Daga nan sai ya fara saka hannun jari a cikin bunkasa gidaje da wuraren shakatawa a Fujian.

A cikin shekarun 1990s, ya faɗaɗa kasuwancinsa na ƙasa zuwa Beijing da Shanghai. Ya gudanar da kamfanoni da yawa a Ostiraliya a cikin shekarun 1990. A shekara ta 2005, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa ya ƙaura da iyalinsa zuwa Darwin, Ostiraliya. Ya kammala karatunsa na Master of Business Administration ta hanyar ilmantarwa daga Jami'ar Adelaide  kuma ya saka hannun jari a cikin ƙasa a farkon shekarun 1990. A cikin 2003-04, Xu shine mafi girman mai ba da gudummawa ga reshen NSW na Jam'iyyar Labor ta Australia.  

## Rayuwa ta mutum
A shekara ta 2008, an ruwaito Xu yana da sha'awar sayen Newcastle United FC daga mai shi Mike Ashley.

### Kudin da aka samu
An tattara darajar Xu a cikin Jerin Masu Amfani na Financial Review, Jerin Masu Arziki na *Forbes* China, da Hurun Report China Rich List. A cewar *Forbes*, a cikin 2021 an kiyasta darajarsa a dala biliyan 10.3. Ya zuwa Mayu , an kimanta darajar Xu a dala biliyan 3.89 a kan Financial Review 2025 Rich List.&nbsp;&nbsp;

## Manazarta
Graham Zanker

**Graham Zanker** (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1947) shi ne Farfesa Emeritus na Classics a Jami'ar Canterbury kuma mai alaƙa da Jami'ar Adelaide.

Ya wallafa ko'ina a kan waƙoƙin Hellenistic da fasaha, ka'idojin Homeric, da kuma tarihin Virgilian.

## Ilimi
Zanker ya sami B.A. daga Jami'ar Adelaide kafin ya ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin Gonville da Caius, Cambridge, inda aka ba shi Ph.D. a cikin Falsafa na gargajiya.

## Ayyuka
Littafin farko na Zanker, Realism in Alexandrian Poetry: A Literature and Its Audience (1987), bincike ne mai ban sha'awa game da alaƙar waƙoƙin Helenistic da fasaha. Zanker daga nan ya koma ga ka'idojin Homeric a cikin The Heart of Achilles: Characterization and Personal Ethics in the *Iliad* (1994), yana gyara ra'ayi na tsarin tunani a bayan halayyar jaruman Homeric ta hanyar (misali) yana mai da hankali kan yanayin sulhu tsakanin Achilles da Priam a Iliad 24. Daga nan sai ya koma hulɗar fasahar Helenistic da adabi a cikin Modes of Viewing in Hellenistic Poetry and Art (2004).   Kwanan nan ya rubuta game da Stoic fate a cikin Virgil's *[[Aeneid]]* . 

Ya kuma fassara littafin Thomas Szlezak's *Plato Lesen* (Reading Plato, 2005),   kuma ya rubuta bugu, fassara, da sharhi ga Herodas" *Mimiambs* (2009).  

Zanker a halin yanzu yana aiki a kan haɗin gwiwa a kan Ch. G. Heyne's De Genio Saeculi Ptolemaeorum (1763), kafa matsayinsa a cikin ra'ayoyin zamani na wayewar Hellenistic.

## Manazarta
Imogen Zethoven

**Imogen Zethoven** AO mai kiyaye muhalli ne na Australiya. Ta taimaka wajen kafa Babban Barrier Reef Marine Park kuma ta sami karbuwa a duniya saboda aikin kiyayewa.

## Ilimi
Zethoven ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Adelaide inda ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu na nazarin muhalli mai taken "Ci gaba mai dorewa: sukar hangen nesa".

## Ayyuka
Yayinda yake aiki ga WWF Australia, an ba Zethoven lambar yabo ta Fred M. Packard ta duniya a shekara ta 2004, tare da Virginia Chadwick, shugaban da Shugaba na Babban Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, don aikin su "ci gaba da manufofin kiyayewa na yankuna masu kariya" ga al'ummar Australiya.

Zethoven ya bayyana a cikin shirin fim na Mission Blue na 2014 wanda ke nuna masanin ilimin teku Sylvia Earle.

A cikin 2021, ta shirya wani rahoto ga Australian Marine Conservation Society (AMCS) mai taken "Shekaru goma da suka gabata: Kwamitin Tarihin Duniya da Babban Barrier Reef: Bincike da shawarwari don canji. "  Kazalika da ba da shawara ga AMCS, ita memba ce na Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Reef 2050  kuma ta yi jayayya da goyon bayan UNESCO sanya Babban Barrier reef a cikin Jerin wuraren Tarihin Duniya cikin haɗari.

## Kyaututtuka da karbuwa
An nada ta Jami'in Order of Australia a cikin 2006 Australia Day Honours don nuna godiya ga aikinta na kiyayewa da muhalli, gami da bayar da shawarwari don kafa Great Barrier Reef Marine Park da kuma dokokin da ke tallafawa shi.

## Manazarta
Zhang Youqi

**Zhang Youqi** (Sinanci: 张佑启; : ; 18 ga Satumba 1934 - 23 ga Satumba 2022) masanin kimiyya ne na kasar Sin wanda ya kasance farfesa a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Kudu ta kasar Sin, tsohon mataimakin shugaban Jami'ar Hong Kong, kuma masanin kimiyya na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta kasar Sin.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Zhang a Biritaniya Hong Kong, a ranar 18 ga Satumba 1934, yayin da Gidan kakanninmu ke cikin Gundumar Xinhui ta Jiangmen, Guangdong .  Ya halarci Kwalejin Sarauniya, Hong Kong .  An yarda da shi a Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya, Jami'ar Hong Kong amma nan da nan ya fita. A shekara ta 1954, ya shiga Jami'ar Fasaha ta Kudancin China, inda ya yi karatu a fannin injiniya. Bayan kammala karatunsa a shekara ta 1958, an sanya shi a matsayin mai fasaha a Cibiyar Nazarin Gine-gine ta Henan a Zhengzhou, babban birnin lardin Henan na arewacin kasar Sin.

A ranar 23 ga Satumba 2022, ya mutu a Hong Kong, yana da shekaru 88. 

## Daraja da kyaututtuka

* 1987 Fellow na Royal Academy of Engineering 
* 1990 Kyautar Kimiyya ta Halitta ta Jiha (Kilasi na Biyu) don ci gaba da aikace-aikacen hanyar tsintsiya mai iyaka 
* 1995 Medal na Daular Burtaniya (ODE) 
* 1999 memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta kasar Sin (CAS)  
* 1999 Kyautar Kimiyya ta Halitta ta Jiha (Kilasi na Uku) don hanyar daidaitawa ta jituwa da hanyoyin rikice-rikice na gaba ɗaya don girgizar da ba ta layi ba 
* 2002 Fellow na Royal Society of Canada 
* 2003 Silver Bauhinia Star 
* 2003 Kyautar Myklestad ta American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) 

## Manazarta
Janet Albrechtsen

**Janet Kim Albrechtsen** (an haife ta a ranar 23 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1966) marubuciya ce ta *Australiya.* tare da The Australian . Daga shekara ta 2005 har zuwa shekara ta 2010, ta kasance memba na kwamitin Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Australiya, mai watsa shirye-shiryen jama'a na Australia.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Albrechtsen a Adelaide kuma ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Seacombe. Daga baya ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Adelaide, ta kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko na Shari'a tare da girmamawa.  Daga baya ta sami Dokta na Kimiyya ta Shari'a daga Jami'ar Sydney .  rubutun ta an kira shi The regulation of the fundraising process in Australia: searching for a best mixing between legislative prescriptions and market forces.

## Ayyuka
Albrechtsen ya koma Sydney don aiki a matsayin lauyan kasuwanci a Freehills .  kuma ya koyar a Jami'ar Sydney Law School. Tun lokacin da ya juya zuwa sharhi, Albrechtsen ya rubuta don Australian Financial Review, The Age, The Sydney Morning Herald, *Quadrant*, Canada's National Post, *Vancouver Sun*, The Wall Street Journal da The Wall Street Magazine Asia . 

Albrechtsen ya kasance memba na Majalisar Harkokin Waje daga shekarar 2003 har zuwa 2007. 

An naɗa Albrechtsen a cikin kwamitin Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Australiya a shekara ta 2005. A baya ta yi wa ABC ba'a a matsayin "ma'aikatan Soviet-style".    Ta gaya wa manema labarai a ƙarshen 2009 cewa tana shirin yin ritaya daga kwamitin, kuma ta kammala wa'adin shekaru biyar a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu 2010 ba tare da neman sake nadawa ba. A shekara ta 2014 an ruwaito cewa an nada Albrechtsen a cikin kwamitin zaɓe mai zaman kansa wanda ke ba da shawara ga Ministan Sadarwa kan gajerun sunayen 'yan takara don nadin zuwa Hukumar ABC.

## Bayani
Za'a iya bayyana ra'ayoyin siyasa na Albrechtsen a matsayin 'yanci, kamar yadda Cibiyar Harkokin Jama'a ta bayyana. Wadannan ra'ayoyin sun dogara ne akan mutuncin mutum, 'yanci daga ikon gwamnati da alhakin mutum. Ta rubuta game da alhakin kasafin kudi ta gwamnati  da mutane,  batutuwan da suka shafi daidaito na siyasa, siyasar ainihi da 'matar mata' ta zamani,  karuwar tantancewa a makarantun,  'yancin magana  da kuma rawar da jama'a ke takawa.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Albrechtsen ta auri lauya John O'Sullivan, abokiyar Malcolm Turnbull. Yanzu sun rabu. Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya uku, ciki har da Sascha O'Sullivan, wanda shi ma ɗan jarida ne na The *Australiya*.

## Manazarta
John Basten

**John Basten** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1947) tsohon alƙali ne na Kotun daukaka kara ta Kotun Koli ta New South Wales wanda ya yi aiki daga 2 ga Mayu 2005 zuwa 15 ga Afrilu 2022. Kodayake ba alƙali na daukaka kara ba kuma ya kai shekaru 75, ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin Alkalin daukaka kara na Kotun Koli na New South Wales.

## Ilimi
Basten ya kammala karatu a fannin shari'a, tare da girmamawa na farko, daga Jami'ar Adelaide . Daga baya ya sami digiri na farko a fannin shari'ar farar hula daga Jami'ar Oxford. 

## Ayyuka
Daga 1996-99, Basten ya yi aiki a matsayin kwamishinan lokaci-lokaci na Hukumar Gyara Dokar New South Wales . Ya kasance memba na New South Wales Pay Equity Taskforce daga 1996 zuwa 1997, kwamishinan ɗan lokaci na Hukumar Gyara Dokar Australiya daga 1986 zuwa 1987, malami a shari'a a Jami'ar New South Wales daga 1974 zuwa 1982, kuma Bigelow Teaching Fellow a Jami'an Chicago daga 1972 zuwa 1973. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan sauraro na ɗan lokaci na Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam da Daidaitaccen Hanyar daga 1994 zuwa 1997. 

A shekara ta 1992, an nada Basten a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Sarauniya. An nada shi Alkalin daukaka kara na Kotun daukaka kara ta New South Wales a shekara ta 2005.  Basten ya kasance babban alƙali na daukaka kara daga ritayar Mai Shari'a Ruth McColl a cikin 2019 har zuwa ritayar kansa a watan Afrilu 2022. Tun daga watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022, ya yi aiki a matsayin Alkalin daukaka kara a cikin Kotun daukaka kara ta NSW, matsayin da aka ba shi izinin rikewa har zuwa watan Afrilu 2025.

A cikin 2022, Jami'ar New South Wales ta gabatar da Basten tare da Dokta na girmamawa a Shari'a. A watan Satumbar 2024, Jami'ar Adelaide ta gabatar da Basten tare da Dokta na girmamawa a Shari'a "don aikinsa a matsayin masanin kimiyya, mai ba da shawara da alƙali".

An nada Basten a matsayin Jami'in Order of Australia a cikin girmamawar ranar Australia ta 2025 "don hidima mai ban sha'awa ga doka a matsayin alƙali, ga ilimin shari'a, ga matsayi na jirgi da kwamiti, kuma a matsayin mai fafutukar 'yan asalin ƙasar da' yancin ɗan adam".

## Manazarta
Arthur Blackburn

Brigadier **Arthur Seaforth Blackburn**, Victoria Cross for Australia">VC, CMG, CBE, ED, JP (25 Nuwamba 1892 - 24 Nuwamba 1960) ya kasance sojan Australiya, lauya, ɗan siyasa, kuma mai karɓa Victoria Cross (VC), babbar lambar yabo don jaruntaka a yaƙi da za a iya ba wa memba na Sojojin Australiya a lokacin. Lauyan lauya kuma soja na ɗan lokaci kafin barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na I, Blackburn ya shiga cikin Sojojin Daular Australiya a watan Agustan shekara ta 1914, kuma an sanya shi a cikin 10th Battalion. Rukuninsa ya sauka a Anzac Cove, Gallipoli, a ranar 25 ga Afrilu, 1915, kuma an yaba shi da wani ɗan leƙen asiri tare da ci gaba da zurfi a cikin ƙasa a ranar saukowa. Daga baya aka ba Blackburn umurni kuma, tare da rundunarsa, sun kwashe sauran yakin Gallipoli suna fada da sojojin Ottoman.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Arthur Seaforth Blackburn a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba 1892 a Woodville, Colony na Kudancin Australia . Shi ne ƙarami na Thomas Blackburn, wani Anglican Canon kuma entomologist, da matarsa ta biyu, Margaret Harriette Stewart, née Browne .  Arthur ya fara karatu a makarantar Pulteney Grammar School. Mahaifiyarsa ta mutu a shekara ta 1904 tana da shekaru 40. Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin St Peter, Adelaide daga 1906-1909 sannan ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Adelaide, inda ya kammala karatun digiri na farko a 1913, bayan ya yi magana da C. B. Hardy. A lokacin da Blackburn ya kasance a matsayin magatakarda, a wani lokaci maza biyu suka kai wa Hardy hari a kan titi, kuma duk da karamin gininsa, Blackburn ya shiga tsakani ya kore su. A cikin 1911, an gabatar da horo na soja na tilas, kuma Arthur ya shiga Kudancin Australia Scottish Regiment of the Citizen Military Forces (CMF).  An kira shi zuwa mashaya a ranar 13 ga Disamba 1913 .   ɗan'uwa, Charles Blackburn, ya zama fitaccen likita na Sydney, ya yi aiki a cikin Sojojin Kiwon Lafiya na Australiya a Yaƙin Duniya na I, kuma daga baya ya zama Shugaba na Jami'ar Sydney. Mahaifin su ya mutu a shekara ta 1912.  A lokacin barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na I, Arthur yana aiki a matsayin lauya a Adelaide tare da kamfanin Nesbit da Nesbit, kuma har yanzu yana aiki a cikin CMF.

## Yaƙin Duniya na I

### Gallipoli
A ranar 19 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1914,   yana da shekaru 21, Blackburn ya shiga cikin rundunar sojin Australiya (AIF) kuma an sanya shi a cikin 10th Battalion, 3rd Brigade, 1st Division. Battalion na 10 ya sami horo na farko a Morphettville a Adelaide, Kudancin Australia, kafin ya fara SS Ascanius a kusa da Outer Harbor a ranar 20 ga Oktoba. Tafiya ta hanyar Fremantle da Colombo a Ceylon, sirri ya isa Alexandria, Misira, a ranar 6 ga Disamba. Sojojin sun shiga sansanin kusa da Alkahira. Sun horar da su a can har zuwa 28 ga Fabrairu 1915, lokacin da suka koma Alexandria. Sun tashi a kan SS Ionian a ranar 1 ga Maris kuma bayan 'yan kwanaki sun isa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Mudros a tsibirin Girka na Lemnos a arewa maso gabashin Tekun Aegean, inda suka kasance a cikin jirgi na makonni bakwai masu zuwa.

## Manazarta
Malcolm Blue

**Malcolm Fraser Blue** KC (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1954, a Arewacin Adelaide, Kudancin Australia) ya kasance Mai Shari'a na Kotun Koli na Kudancin Ostiraliya kuma Mai Shari'ar Tsaro na Kotun Victoria .

## Ayyuka
Ya kammala karatu a Jami'ar Adelaide, an shigar da shi cikin aikin lauya a 1977 kuma an nada shi mai ba da shawara ga Sarki a shekara ta 2001. An nada shi a Kotun Koli a ranar 12 ga watan Agusta 2011.  Ya kasance memba na Cibiyar Gudanar da Shari'a ta Australasia.

A shekara ta 2005 Blue ya wakilci abokin lauya Eugene McGee a Hukumar Royal ta Kapunda a cikin yanayin da ke kewaye da mutuwar Ian Humphrey, wanda McGee ya haifar.

## Tarihi
Shi ɗan Norman Blue ne da Patricia Blue (née Vogt)  Ya tafi Makarantar Pembroke.  Mai shari'a Blue ya mutu a hatsari a wannan dukiyar iyali a ranar Asabar 7 ga Satumba 2024 

## Manazarta
Nick Bolkus

**Nick Bolkus** (17 ga Yulin 1950 - 25 ga Disamba 2025) ɗan siyasan jam'iyyar Labor Party ne kuma lauya. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Dattijai daga Yuli 1981 zuwa Yuni 2005, yana wakiltar jihar Kudancin Australia.

## Farkon aiki
An haifi Bolkus a Adelaide, Kudancin Australia a ranar 17 ga Yulin 1950. Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Adelaide da Jami'ar Adelaide . Ya kasance lauya a 1974 da 1975 kafin ya shiga ba da shawara kan siyasa a matsayin jami'in bincike ga wasu mambobin Australian Labor Party (ALP) ciki har da Clyde Cameron . Ya yi takara a gundumar Torrens a Zaben jihar na 1975 da kuma Majalisar Dattijai a Zaben tarayya na 1977. Ya samu nasarar lashe kujerar Majalisar Dattijai ta Kudancin Australia a Zaben tarayya na Australiya na 1980.

## Ayyukan majalisa
An nada Bolkus a ma'aikatar waje a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Abokan Ciniki da Ministan Mataimakin Mai Ba da Ba da Ba'aikatun Farashi (1988-90). An nada shi Ministan Ayyuka na Gudanarwa (1990-93) (ma'aikatar da daga baya aka sauke ta daga majalisar ministoci), sannan Ministan Shige da Fice da Harkokin Kabilanci da Ministan Taimako ga Firayim Minista na Harkokin Al'adu (1993-96).

Bayan ƙarshen gwamnatin Keating (saboda nasarar da aka yi a zaben 1996), Bolkus ya kasance Babban Lauyan Shadow kuma Ministan Shari'a daga Maris 1996 zuwa Nuwamba 2001.

### Ministan Harkokin Abokan Ciniki, Ministan Taimako na Farashi (1988-90)
An fara zabar Bolkus a ma'aikatar tarayya a watan Fabrairun 1988 a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Abokan Ciniki da Ministan Mataimakin Mai Ba da Ba da Ba'aikatun Farashi. A cikin wannan fayil ɗin ya gabatar da manyan dokoki na duniya don kare sirrin mutane a cikin dangantakarsu da hukumomin bayanan bashi. Ya kuma gabatar da mai kula da banki, yana daidaita Dokokin Abinci na Kasa, yana gabatar da jerin ka'idojin halayyar da ke kare masu amfani da kuma fara bincike a cikin ayyukan farashi na software na kwamfuta,  kiɗa da masana'antun littattafai.

## Manazarta
James Bradley (marubucin Australiya)

**James Bradley** OAM (an haife shi a shekara ta 1967) marubuci ne kuma mai sukar Australiya. An haife shi a Adelaide, Kudancin Australia, ya horar da shi a matsayin lauya kafin ya zama marubuci.

Littattafan Bradley, waɗanda aka buga a duniya, suna bincika abubuwan da suka gabata da na gaba. Littattafansa sun hada da litattafai bakwai da littafi na waka. Ya kuma shirya litattafai guda biyu, Blur, tarin rubuce-rubuce na matasan marubuta na Australiya, da The Penguin Book of the Ocean . Bradley kuma ya rubuta a matsayin mai sukar, tare da sake dubawa da labaran da ke bayyana akai-akai a cikin jaridu da mujallu na Australiya, da shafukan yanar gizo a City of Tongues. 

## Bayanan littattafai
Littattafan Bradley sun binciki abubuwan da suka gabata da na gaba. Na farko, Wrack ya binciki tambayoyi game da yanayin tarihi da asalin tunanin Ostiraliya, yana zana labarin "Mahogany Ship" mai ban mamaki, jirgin ruwa na Portuguese da ake zaton ya rushe a kudancin gabar tekun Ostiraliya.  Labaran soyayya da asirin kisan kai.

Na biyu, The Deep Field, an saita shi a cikin wani yanayi mai zurfi kuma yana ba da labarin 'al'amarin soyayya' tsakanin mai daukar hoto da makaho masanin burbushin halittu. Na uku, The Resurrectionist, wanda ya dogara da labarin kisan Burke da Hare ya ba da cikakken bayani game da faduwa daga alherin wani matashi mai ilimin jikin mutum, Gabriel Swift. Kuma na huɗu, *Clade*, yana amfani da labarin ƙarni uku na iyali don bincika yiwuwar tasirin canjin yanayi a cikin karni na 21.

Littafin Bradley na bakwai, Ghost Species, an buga shi a ranar 27 ga Afrilu 2020. 

### Littattafai

* Wrack (1997)  
* *Filin zurfi* (1999)  
* The Resurrectionist (2006)  
* *Clade* (2015)  
* The Silent Invasion (2017)  
* *Jirgin da aka binne* (2018)  
* Ghost Species (2020)  
* Landfall (2025)  

## Manazarta
Michelle Chan (mai ba da izini)

**Michelle Chan** 'yar diflomasiyyar Australiya ce wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Jakada a Myanmar daga Mayu 2008 har zuwa Janairu 2011.  Chan ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan tsaron kasa ga tsohon Firayim Minista Scott Morrison .  A watan Afrilu na 2020, an kara Chan zuwa mataimakin sakatare a Ofishin leken asiri na kasa. A halin yanzu Mataimakin Sakatare ne a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje da Kasuwanci ta Australia.

Chan ta sami digiri na farko na Arts (Jurisprudence) da Bachelor of Laws daga Jami'ar Adelaide, da kuma Master of Arts da Master of Laws (Dokar Kasa da Kasa) daga Jami'an Kasa ta Australia.

## Manazarta