Tijaniyyah

**Darikar Tijjani** (  ) Ɗarikar Sufaye ce ta Ahlus-Sunnah mai suna Ahmad al-Tijani . Ta samo asali ne a yankin Magrib amma yanzu ta yaɗu a yammacin Afirka musamman a kasashen Senegal, Gambia, Mauritania, Mali, Guinea, Nijar, Chadi, Ghana, Arewa da Kudu maso yammacin Najeriya da wasu sassan Sudan . Haka nan odar Tijjaniyyah tana nan a jihohin Kerala, Tamil Nadu da Karnataka a Indiya. Ana ƙiran masu bin sa **Tijjanī** ( *Tijaan* ko *Tiijaan* a Wolof, *Tidiane* ko *Tidjane* a cikin Faransanci). Tijjaniyya suna ba da muhimmanci ga al'adu da ilimi kuma suna jaddada riƙo na mutum ɗaya na almajiri ( *murid* ). Don zama memba na oda, dole ne mutum ya karɓi Tijjanī *[[Zikiri|wird]]*, ko jerin jimloli masu tsarki da za a maimaita sau biyu a kullum, daga *muqaddam*, ko wakilin oda.

## Tarihi da yaɗa oda

### Tushen tsari
An haifi Ahmad al-Tijani (1737-1815) a Ain Madhi a kasar Aljeriya kuma ya rasu a Fes na kasar Morocco . Ya yi karatun addini a Fes, Morocco. Da wahayi daga wasu waliyan Moroko ya kafa tsarin Tijjaniyya a cikin 1780s; kafofin sun bambanta dangane da ainihin kwanan wata tsakanin 1781  da 1784.  Tijjaniyya, suna magana ga talakawa, sun mayar da martani ga ’yan’uwantakar Qadiriyyah masu ra’ayin mazan jiya, masu matsayi, suna mai da hankali kan gyara zamantakewa da farfaɗowar Musulunci daga tushe.

### Faɗaɗawa a Yammacin Afirka
Umurnin ya zama mafi girma na Sufaye a yammacin Afirka kuma yana ci gaba da faɗaɗa cikin sauri. Muḥammad al-Ḥāfiẓ na ƙabilar Idaw `Ali ne ya kawo shi kudancin Mauritaniya a shekara ta 1789, wadda ta shahara da manyan malamai da jagororinta na musulunci kuma galibin Qadirī ne a lokacin. Kusan dukkanin ƙabilar sun zama Tijjanī a lokacin rayuwar Muhammad al-Hafiẓ, kuma tasirin ƙabilar zai sauƙaƙa saurin faɗaɗa Tijjaniyya zuwa yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara.

Almajirin Muḥammad al-Ḥāfiẓ Sidi Mawlūd Vāl ne ya ƙaddamar da shugaban Fulɓe na ƙarni na 19 Omar Saidou Tall da limamin Fulɓe ʿAbd al-Karīm al-Nāqil daga Futa Jalon (yanzu Guinea ) cikin tsari. Bayan samun umarni daga Muḥammad al-Ghālī daga 1828 zuwa 1830 a Makka, Umar Tall aka naɗa Khalifa (majidi ko shugaban wakilin) Ahmad al-Tijjanī na Sudan ta Yamma (Yammacin Saharar Afirka). Daga nan Umar Tall ya jagoranci yaƙi mai tsarki a kan abin da yake gani a matsayin gurbatacciyar gwamnati a yankin, wanda ya haifar da daular Toucouleur mai girma amma mai gushewa a Gabashin Senegal da Mali. Yayin da daular siyasar Omar Saidou Tall ta ba da dama ga mulkin mallaka na Faransa, sakamakon da aka daɗe da shi shine yada musulunci da Ɗarikar Tijjanī ta yawancin yankunan da ake yanzu Senegal, Guinea, da Mali (duba Robinson, 1985).

A ƙasar Wolof na ƙasar Senegal, musamman yankunan arewacin Kajoor da Masarautar Jolof, Maliki Sy, wanda aka haife shi a shekara ta 1855, ya yaɗa daular Tijjanī ta farko a kusa da Dagana . A cikin 1902, ya kafa wata cibiyar zawiya ko addini a Tivaouane, wacce ta zama cibiyar koyar da al'adun musulunci a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa. Bayan mutuwar Malick Sy a 1922, ɗansa Ababacar Sy ya zama Halifa na farko. Serigne Mansour Sy ya zama Halifa na yanzu a 1997, bayan rasuwar Abdoul Aziz Sy. Maulidi ko *Gàmmu*, bikin haifuwar Muhammad, na Tivaouane yana tara mabiya da yawa a kowace shekara.

"Gida" ko reshe na Tivaouane ba shine kawai reshe na odar Tijjanī a Senegal ba . Wani ɗan jihadi, Màbba Jaxu Ba, wanda yayi zamani da Umar Tall ne ya yaɗa odar Tijjaniyya zuwa kudanci a yankin Saalum na ƙasar Senegal. Bayan da aka ci Màbba aka kashe shi a yaƙin Fandane-Thiuthioune Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof, jiharsa ta ruguje amma Tijjaniyya ta kasance mafi rinjayen Sufaye a yankin. Abdoulaye Niass (  zama wakilin mafi mahimmanci na tsari a cikin Saalum., bayan ya yi hijira zuwa kudu daga Jolof, kuma bayan gudun hijira a Gambiya saboda tashe-tashen hankula da Faransanci, ya dawo don kafa zawiya a birnin Kaolack .

Reshen da ɗan Abdoulaye Niass, Ibrahim Niass ya kafa, a unguwar Kaolack na Madina Baye a cikin 1930, ya zama reshen Tijjaniyya mafi girma kuma mafi girma a duniya a yau. Koyarwar Ibrahim Inyass na cewa dukkan almajirai, ba ƙwararru kaɗai ba, za su iya samun ilimin sufanci kai tsaye na Allah ta hanyar *tarbiyyah rūhiyyah* (ilimin sufa) ya mamaye miliyoyin mutane a duniya. Wannan reshe, wanda aka fi sani da *Tijjaniyyah Ibrāhīmiyyah* ko *Faydah* ("Ambaliya"), ya fi mayar da hankali a Senegal, Nigeria, Ghana, Niger, da Mauritania, kuma yana da girma a Amurka da Turai. Galibin gidajen yanar gizo na Tijjaniyya da kungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa suna cikin wannan yunƙuri. Marigayi jikan Ibrahim Inyass kuma tsohon limamin Madina Baye, Hassan Cissé, yana da dubban almajirai na Amurka kuma ya kafa wata babbar ƙungiya ta ilimi da ci gaba, Cibiyar Musulunci ta Afirka ta Amurka, a Madina Baye mai rassa a wasu sassan duniya.

Wani "gidan" na Senegal, a Medina-Gounass, Senegal (a yammacin wurin shakatawa na Niokolo Koba) Mamadou Saidou Ba ya kirkiro.

Wani kuma a Thienaba, kusa da Thiès, Almajirin sanannen marabout na Futa Tooro, Amadou Sekhou ne  .

Reshen Ḥamāliyya (Ḥamālliyya), wanda Shaykh Hamallah ya kafa, yana tsakiyar Nioro, Mali, kuma yana nan a Senegal, Cote d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, da Nijar . Ɗaya daga cikin fitattun membobinta shine marubuci kuma masanin tarihi Amadou Hampâté Bâ, wanda ya adana kuma ya ba da shawarar koyarwar Tierno Bokar Salif Taal (Cerno Bokar Salif Taal), "Sage of Banjagara". (Duba Louis Brenner, 1984, 2000.)

Cherno Muhammadou Jallow ne tare da Sheikh Oumar Futi Taal, wanda ya fara karɓar tarihin Tijjaniyya a yankin Senegambia. Cherno Muhammadou ya shafe sama da shekaru goma sha biyu yana jiran tariha a Saint Louis Senegal, inda Sheikh Oumar Futi Taal ya tura ɗalibinsa Cherno Abubakr. Shi (Cherno Muhammadou) ya fara yaɗa shi a yankin Senegambia. Ta hanyar tarihin baka, shi ne yace (Cherno Muhammadou) ya miƙa shi ga almajirai goma sha biyu. Waɗannan almajiran sun fito daga Mam Mass Kah na Medina Mass Kah, Abdoulaye Niass na Medina Kaolock, Cherno Alieu, Deme na NDiaye Kunda Senegal, Cherno Alieu, Diallo na Djanet a Kolda, don suna kaɗan. Ta hanyar wadannan almajirai tarikha ta yadu a yankin Senegambia da kuma wajenta. Yawancin waɗannan almajirai a yau suna da ɗimbin mabiya kuma dukkansu suna yin La’azin kullum. Cherno Muhammadou ya miƙa wa ɗansa Cherno Omar, wanda daga baya ya miƙa wa ɗansa Cherno Muhammadou. Daga baya Baba Jallow ya ci gaba da neman kakansa (Cherno Muhammadou Jallow) wanda daga baya ya same shi a Casamance. Bayan gano ƙabarin kakansa, Cherno Baba ya ƙirƙiro wata al'umma kuma ya sanya mata suna Sobouldeh kuma ya fara Ziarre na shekara-shekara, inda dubbai ke haɗuwa don karrama shi duk shekara.

## Ayyuka
Mambobin ɗarikar Tijjaniyya sun bambanta kansu ta hanyar ayyuka da yawa. Bayan shigar da oda, mutum yana karɓar tijjani wird daga *muqaddam* ko wakilin odar. *Mukaddam* ya yi bayani ga wanda ya fara gudanar da ayyukan da suka haɗa da kiyaye ka’idojin Musulunci da suka haɗa da Rukunnan Rukuni biyar, da girmama iyaye da girmama juna, ba bin wani Sufaye baya ga Tijjaniyya ba. Masu farawa shine su furta kalmar Tijjanī (tsari da ke ɗaukar mintuna goma zuwa goma sha biyar) kowace safiya da rana. Wird dabara ce da ta haɗa da maimaita shahada, istighfar, da addu'a ga Muhammad da ake ƙira *[[Salatul Fatih|Salat al-Fatih]]* "Sallar Budawa". Haka nan su halarci wazifa, irin wannan dabarar da ake rera wa a kungiyance, sau da yawa a masallaci ko zawiya sau ɗaya a kullum, da kuma a cikin Haylalatul Juma'ah, wata dabarar da sauran almajirai suke rera wa a kan. La'asar Juma'a kafin rana ta fadi.

Bugu da ƙari, almajirai a wurare da yawa suna shirya taruka na yau da kullun, galibi a ranar Alhamis da yamma ko kafin Waẓīfa da Hailat al-Jum'ah don yin *[[Zikiri|zikirin]] Allah*, ko ambaton Allah . A irin waɗannan tarurrukan, ana iya haɗa waƙoƙin yabon Allah, Muhammad, Ahmad at-Tijjanī, ko wani shugaban addini tare da zikiri. Irin waɗannan tarurrukan na iya haɗawa da maimaita sauƙaƙa a matsayin ƙungiya ko amsa ƙira, inda ɗaya ko fiye da shugabanni ke jagorantar waƙar wasu kuma suna maimaita ko kuma ba da amsa.

Lokaci-lokaci, gungun almajirai, waɗanda aka fi sani da *daayira* a Senegal, daga *da’irah* na Larabci, ko “da’ira”, na iya shirya taron addini, inda za su gayyaci ɗaya ko fiye da fitattun masu magana ko mawaƙa don yin magana a kan wani jigo. kamar rayuwar Muhammad ko wani shugaban addini, wani farilla na musamman na addini kamar azumin Ramadan, ko yanayin Allah.

Babban taron gama gari mafi mahimmanci na shekara ga yawancin ƙungiyoyin Tijjaniyya shine Maulidi, wanda aka sani a Wolof a matsayin *Gàmmu* (waɗanda aka aro daga tsohuwar bikin addini na Serer na "Gamo" ko "Gamou" na mutanen Serer, daga kalmar Serer *Gamahou* ko *Gamohou*  ) ko kuma maulidin Muhammad, wanda ya zo a daren 12 ga watan musulunci na Rabi’ul Awwal (wanda ke nufin daren da ya gabaci 12 ga wata, kamar yadda kwanakin musulunci ke farawa ne da faɗuwar rana ba tsakar dare ba). Yawancin manyan cibiyoyin addini na Tijjaniyya suna shirya babban taron Maulidi sau ɗaya a shekara, kuma dubban ɗaruruwan almajirai ne ke halarta mafi girma (a Tivaouane, Kaolack, Prang, Kiota, Kano, Fadama, da sauransu). A duk shekara, al'ummomin yankin suna shirya ƙaramin Maulidi. bukukuwan. Waɗannan tarurrukan yawanci suna tafiya ne daga misalin tsakar dare har zuwa bayan fitowar alfijir na tsawon sa'o'i na zikiri da rera waƙoƙi da jawabai kan rayuwar Muhammad.

## Duba kuma

* Sufanci
* Wazifa
* Lazimi
* Salatul Fatih
* Jerin umarni Sufaye
* 'Yan uwan Musulmi na Senegal
* Ahmad At Tijjani Ibn Bâba Al-Alawy
* Sheikh Abubakar Sidiq Bello

## Manazarta

* Brenner, Louis. 2000. "Amadou Hampâté Bâ: Tijjani Francophone." A cikin Triaud da Robinson, 2000.
* Davidson, Basil. 1995. *Afirka a Tarihi* . New York: Simon & Schuster.
* Klein, Martin A. 1968. *Musulunci da mulkin mallaka a Senegal: Sine-Saloum 1847-1914.* Stanford: Jami'ar Stanford Press.
* Robinson, David. 1985. *Yakin Umar Tall.* Oxford: Clarendon.
* Triaud, Jean-Louis. 2000. "La Tijjaniyya, une confrérie musulmane pas comme les autres?" A cikin Triaud da Robinson, 2000.
* Triaud, Jean-Louis da David Robinson, ed. 2000. *La Tijjaniyya: Une confrérie musulmane à la conquête de l'Afrique.* Paris: Karthala.
* Kasashen duniya- a nan Mali Jihohin Gargajiya
* ''Jawâhir Ul Ma'âni''  du Shaykh 'Ali Al Harâzim, sur le site officiel du Pr. Abdelaziz Benabdallah. Traduit en francais par le Pr. Abdelaziz Benabdallah et son neveu Moustapha Benmoussa.
* ''Al Boghia : Mataâlib = Requêtes''  de 'Sidi Larbi Ben Sayeh, sur le site officiel du Pr. Abdelaziz Benabdallah.
* ''La Tijjania''  du 'Pr. Abdelaziz Benabdallah, sur le site officiel du Pr. Abdelaziz Benabdallah.
* الشيخ سيدي أحمد التجاني، أبعاد ضلاعته العلمية.  بقلم أحمد بن عبد العزيز بن عبد الله, من الموقع الإلكتروني للأستاذ عبد العزيز بن عبد الله. 

## Bayanan kula

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

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