Betty Hahn

**Betty Hahn** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1940) yar wasan daukar hoto ce ta Ba'amurke wacce aka sani da yin aiki a madadin da matakan daukar hoto na farko.  Ta kammala duka BFA (1963) da MFA (1966) a Jami'ar Indiana Bloomington . Da farko, Hahn ya yi aiki a cikin wasu hanyoyin fasaha masu girma biyu kafin ya mai da hankali kan ɗaukar hoto a makarantar digiri.  An san ta da kyau saboda gwajin da ta yi da hanyoyin ɗaukar hoto na gwaji waɗanda suka haɗa nau'ikan kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban.  Ta hanyar wuce gona da iri na ɗaukar hoto, Hahn ya kalubalanci mai kallo ba kawai don tantance abubuwan da ke cikin hoton ba, har ma don yin la'akari da abin hoton da kansa.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Betty Hahn a ranar 11 ga Oktoban shekarar 1940, a Chicago, Illinois inda ita ma ta girma.  Tana da shekara goma, wata inna ce ta ba Hahn kyamararta ta farko. Daga baya Hahn ya tafi kammala karatunsa daga Scecina Memorial Catholic High School. Ba da daɗewa ba, ta shiga Jami'ar Indiana tare da cikakken guraben karatu inda ta ci gaba da karatunta a Fine Arts, ta karɓi BFA dinta (1963) da MFA (1966).   A tsawon shekarunta na digiri na farko, ta mai da hankali kan zane da zane; duk da haka, yayin da ta shiga karatun digiri, ta yi aikin ɗaukar hoto. A cikin wannan muhimmin lokaci na ci gaba, Hahn ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin ɗaya daga cikin sanannun malaman daukar hoto na lokacin, Henry Holmes Smith, wanda ya karfafa aikin Hahn a madadin hanyoyin.  

Da zarar ta sauke karatu, Hahn ta koma Rochester inda ta koyar a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Rochester har zuwa shekarar 1975. Daga nan Hahn ta koma Albuquerque inda ta kasance farfesa a Jami'ar New Mexico har sai da ta yi ritaya a 1997. 

## Aiki
Hahn an fi saninta da bincikenta na madadin hanyoyin daukar hoto, ta yin amfani da duka tsofaffin hanyoyin haɓaka duhu kamar gum-bichromate da cyanotypes, tare da sauran hanyoyin fasaha, gami da zanen hannu har ma da sakawa . An lura da ita a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin masu ɗaukar hoto na farko da suka samu nasarar haɗa irin wannan nau'ikan hanyoyin fasaha.   

Hahn tana ƙarfafa mai kallo don yin zurfafa tunani ta hanyar ba kawai amfani da tsarin jiki daban-daban a cikin aikinta ba, har ma ta hanyar yawan ma'anoni a cikin hotunanta. A mafi yawan ayyukanta, Hahn ta haɗu da ban dariya da ban dariya yayin da take bincika ma'anar da aka samar ta hanyar haɗin kai. Wasu daga cikin kwafinta sun haɗa da ramukan sprocket na 35mm mara kyau, wanda ke nuni da asalin fim ɗin 35mm: amma ta hanyar canza launin hannu tare da fenti mai haske, ta jawo hankali ga cakudar fasaha tare da matsakaicin masana'antu. 

Da zarar ta fara gwaji tare da tsarin gum-bichromate, Hahn ta fara dinka a cikin hotunanta. Buga akan zane da sauran yadudduka ya ba ta damar amfani da zaren don haskaka wasu sassan hoton. A cikin haɗa hotunanta tare da al'ada na al'ada, Hahn ta yi nasarar haɗa abubuwa na yau da kullun da na ra'ayi. Ba wai kawai ta yi magana da ayyuka na yau da kullum na rayuwar yau da kullum ba, har ma game da al'ada da al'ada. A cikin haskaka talakawa a cikin aikinta, Hahn tana ɗaukaka da kuma farfado da abin da ya ɓace a cikin ayyukan yau da kullun. Tufafin ya yi nuni da kasancewar mace, kamar yadda Hahn ya jadada batun mata na rashin sanin sana'ar hannun mata. Ƙaƙwalwarta sau da yawa yana jaddada furanni tare da girmansa uku, yana ƙara ra'ayin mace; Daga baya ta bi wannan a matsayin alama kuma ta sanya shi a cikin wasu jerin ta da yawa. 

## Art da Feminism
A cikin aikinta, Hahn tana isar da saƙo mai ƙarfi game da mata da kayan ado . A bayyane yake a lokaci guda cewa aikin mata aikin allura ne, kuma ana yawan rage darajar aikinsu a matsayin sana'a duk lokacin da ya bambanta da aikin maza.  A lokacin da maza suka lulluɓe mata a cikin fasahar gargajiya, kamar zane-zane da sassaka, sau da yawa mata sun koma wasu hanyoyin sadarwa kamar kayan masaku. 

An yi nuni da cewa aikin mata, musamman na sana’a, ba shi da wani fa’ida sosai a fannin fasaha, tunda ana ganin sana’a ce.  Tun da yake “fasaha da sana’a” galibi ba a haɗa su tare, a bayyane yake suna cikin rukuni ɗaya; duk da haka, akwai bambanci bayyananne. Shekaru 300, ana koya wa mata aikin allura ta hanyar al'ada da al'ada, kuma ba da gangan ba, inganta biyayya da halayen gida. Sakamakon haka, maimakon ɗaukar dinki a matsayin fasaha, mutane da yawa suna kallonsa a matsayin fasaha marar tunani, rashin asali.  Akasin haka, ya fi a bayyane cewa hannun mace ya wuce abin da ba shi da hankali da daidaitawa, yana da hankali, tunani, haƙuri, juriya, da ƙarfi. Ta hanyar haɗa sutura da sutura, Betty Hahn ta tura masu sauraro su amince da aikin mata ba a matsayin sana'a ko al'ada ba, amma a matsayin ƙwararru, ƙirƙira kuma na musamman.

## nune-nunen
Sashen Tarihin Hoto a Cibiyar Smithsonian ya baje kolin ayyukan Hahn a cikin wani rukuni na nuni a cikin shekarun 1960 a matsayin wani ɓangare na ci gaba na nunin ayyukan mata masu ɗaukar hoto. Bayan haka an nuna aikinta a nune-nunen jigogi da yawa a Smithsonian   .

Nunin solo na farko na Hahn wanda ke nuna aikinta shine a cikin shekarar 1973 a Witkin Gallery a birnin New York. Bayan haka, ta sami tallafi da yawa daga National Endowment for Arts a shekarar 1974, 1978, da 1983 don ci gaba da aikinta na daukar hoto.

An baje kolin fasahar Hahn a duk faɗin ƙasar kuma an nuna su a duk duniya a cikin gidajen tarihi waɗanda ke nuna matakan tarihi a Baltimore, Maryland (1972) da nunin hoto na yanayi a Osaka, Japan (1990). An nuna aikinta a Albuquerque Museum of Art and Art History (2017), Phoenix Art Museum (2015), da George Eastman House (2012, 2016). Ana gudanar da aikin Hahn a cikin masu tarawa masu zaman kansu, ɗakunan ajiya, da kuma a cikin ɗakunan kayan tarihi na dindindin, ciki har da San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Cibiyar Hotunan Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Hotuna da Gidan Gida 

### nune-nunen

* 1996 – George Eastman House International Museum of Photography and film, Rochester, New York
* 1997 – A History of Women Photographers, Akron Art Museum
* 1997 – Eye of the Beholder, Photographs of the Avon Collection, International Center of Photography, Midtown, New York City
* 1998 – Passing Shots: A Travel Series, University of New Mexico Art Museum, Albuquerque, New Mexico
* 1998 – The City Series, Taos, Albuquerque, Santa Fe, Cedar Rapids Museum of Art, Cedar Rapids, Iowa
* 1999 – Photography Or Maybe Not, a Betty Hahn traveling retrospective, Mikhailovsky Palace, St. Petersburg, Russia
* 2000 – 20/20 Twentieth Century Photographic Acquisitions by 20 leading patrons, Museum of New Mexico, Museum of Fine Arts
* 2000 – Photography Or Maybe Not, a Betty Hahn traveling retrospective, Santa Fe de Granada, Spain
* 2001 – In the Eyes of the Beholder: Ten Photographers View Albuquerque, The University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, New Mexico
* 2002 – Sun Works Contemporary Alternative Photography, The Art Institute of Boston
* 2002 – Flowers from the Permanent Collection, The Albuquerque Museum, Albuquerque, New Mexico
* 2004 – 30th Anniversary Permanent Collection Exhibition, New Mexico State, University Art Gallery, Las Cruces, New Mexico
* 2005 – New Mexico State University Art Gallery, Las Cruces, New Mexico
* 2005 – Ace in the Hole, the legacy of Peter Walch, University Art Museum, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
* 2006 – The collectible moment, Norton Simon museum, Pasadena, California
* 2006 – The Social Lens, University of Virginia Art Museum, Charlottesville, Virginia
* 2007 – Seeing Ourselves: Masterpieces of American Photography, A Traveling
* 2007 – Exhibition, George Eastman House, Rochester, New York
* 2008 – Flower Power: a Subversive Botanical, New Mexico Museum of Art, Santa Fe, New Mexico
* 2008 – Bernalillo County Arts Board Gallery, One Civic Plaza Northwest, Albuquerque, New Mexico
* 2008 – Giving Shelter 516 Arts Albuquerque, New Mexico (A Sister Exhibition to the Cradle Project)
* 2008 – Betty Hahn, Joyce Neimanas, and Judith Golden, Harwood Art Center Albuquerque, New Mexico
* 2009 – Through the Lens: Creating Santa Fe, Palace of the Governors, The New Mexico History Museum, Santa Fe, New Mexico
* 2009 – Altered Land: Photography in the 1970s, Sheldon Museum of Art, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska
* 2010 – Sole Mates Cowboy Boots & Art, New Mexico Museum of Art
* 2010 – Rock Scissors Paper, Anderson Contemporary Arts, Albuquerque, New Mexico
* 2010 – Recollection 2010, Works from the Colorado Photographic Arts Center, The Central Library, Vida Ellison Gallery, Denver, Colorado
* 2012 – 60 From the 60's (an exhibit of influential photos from the 1960s) George Eastman House, Rochester, New York
* 2012 –  Albuquerque Now-Fall and Albuquerque Now-Winter, The Albuquerque Museum of Art and History, Albuquerque, New Mexico
* 2013 – It's About Time: 14,000 Years of Art in New Mexico, The New Mexico Museum of Art, Albuquerque, New Mexico
* 2014 – Alternative Lineage – Honoring Betty Hahn; 5 Decades of Mentoring
* 2014 – Alternative Photographic Processes, Center for Photographic Art Carmel, California
* 2014 – Alternative Lineage, Northlight Gallery, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
* 2014 – Transformational Imagemaking, Handmade Photography Since 1960
* 2014 – An Exhibition Curated by Robert Hirsch, CEPA Gallery, Buffalo, New York
* 2014 – Museum Project, dnj Gallery, Santa Monica, California
* 2014 – American Heritage Center and Art Museum, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
* 2014 – Hubbard Museum of the American West, Ruidoso, New Mexico
* 2015 - One-Of-A-Kind, unique photographic objects from the Center of Creative Photography, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
* 2015 – Unconfined – Empowering Women Through Art, African American Performing Arts Center, New Mexico Expo, Albuquerque, New Mexico
* 2015 – Visualizing Albuquerque: Art of Central New Mexico, Albuquerque Museum, Albuquerque, New Mexico
* 2015 – Healing ... For the Time Being, A mixed media exhibition in conjunction with On the Map: Albuquerque Art and Design, Jonathan Abrams Maryland
* 2015 – The AIPAD Photography Show, Represented by Joseph Bellows Gallery, New York, New York
* 2016 – Transformational Imagemaking, traveling exhibition March-16- April 16; Muhlenberg College, Allentown, Pennsylvania
* 2016 – Fall-Rochester Institute of Technology, Bevier Gallery, Rochester, New York
* 2016 – 60 from the 60's: Selections from the George Eastman Museum, At the Hyde Collection, Glens Falls, New York
* 2016 – Transcendent Photography Betty Hahn and Patrick Nagatani Albuquerque/Bernalillo County Government Center, One Civic Plaza, Albuquerque, New Mexico
* 2016 – Look Inside: New Photographic Acquisitions, University of Texas Ransom Center, Austin, Texas
* 2016 – Light Works: A Century of Great Photography, Muscarelle Museum of Art, The College of William and Mary, Williamsport, Virginia
* 2016 – After Modernism, Beyond the Medium, Museum of New Mexico Museum of Fine Arts, Santa Fe, New Mexico
* 2016 – A History of Photography, The George Eastman Museum, History of Photography Gallery, Rochester, New York

## Kyauta

* Kyautar Ƙasa ta Ƙungiyar Masu Hoton Fasaha, $25,000
* Kyautar Ƙasa ta Ƙungiyar Masu Hoton Fasaha, $10,000
* Majalisar Jihar New York don Fasaha $5,000
* Garner, Gretchen. *Shaida mai ɓacewa: canji a cikin ɗaukar hoto na Amurka na ƙarni na ashirin* . JHU Press, 2003.
* Harrison, Joan. "Launi a cikin tsari na danko-bichromate: Ƙwararren sirri na musamman." *Tarihin Hotuna* 17.4 (1993): shafi na 369-376.

## Manazarta


## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Betty Hahn tarin a gidan tarihi na Smithsonian National Museum of American History