Kungiyar Mata ta Tobata

**Majalisar Tobata ta Ƙungiyar Mata**,  wadda aka fi sani da **Ƙungiyar Mata ta Tobata** ( **TWA** ; Japanese   ), ƙungiya ce ta ƙungiyoyin jama'a da ke zaune a gundumar Tobata ta Kitakyushu, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. An kafa ƙungiyar a watan Maris na 1950, kuma ta fara wani kamfen na jama'a game da gurɓataccen iska a birnin, zuciyar ɗaya daga cikin manyan yankunan masana'antu na Japan, a shekarun 1950 da 1960. Yaƙin neman zaɓen ya samo asali ne daga binciken kimiyya mai zaman kansa; matan gida za su gudanar da gwaje-gwaje don auna matakan gurɓataccen iska da kuma gano alaƙar da ke tsakanin su da tasirin lafiyar ɗan adam a unguwannin su. Aikinsu zai kasance tare da taken ", sunan wani fim mai launi 8mm da aka nuna sosai wanda TWA ta shirya a 1965, da kuma jerin rahotanni da ake bugawa kowace shekara daga 1965 zuwa 1969. Yaƙin neman zaɓen ya wayar da kan jama'a game da illolin gurɓataccen iska, kuma ya haifar da haɗin gwiwar gwamnati da masu zaman kansu don dakile shi a Kitakyushu, wanda ya haifar da inganta yanayin muhalli na birnin. A yayin da al'umma ke ƙara fahimtar wannan batu, ƙungiyar TWA ta kawo ƙarshen ayyukanta na yaƙi da gurɓataccen iska a shekarar 1970.

## Bayani
Tobata, wanda yanzu aka haɗa shi cikin birnin Kitakyushu, wani ɓangare ne na abin da ake kira "Kitakyushu Industrial Zone" ,  wani babban faɗin masana'antu da ke kan Yahata Steel Works, wanda aka buɗe a 1901.  A lokacin saurin haɓakar tattalin arziki na Japan a shekarun 1950 da 1960, ƙaruwar samarwa ya haifar da gurɓataccen iska a yankunan masana'antu a faɗin ƙasar, kuma mutane da yawa sun fuskanci cututtuka masu alaƙa da gurɓataccen iska .   Tobata da maƙwabtan Yahata ba su da banbanci: ƙaruwa mai yawa a ayyukan masana'antu ya haifar da fitar da ƙura, hayaki da sauran gurɓatattun abubuwa. Gurɓataccen iska a wannan yanki shine mafi muni a Japan.   An lullube sararin samaniya a cikin "seven-coloured smoke"  da mazauna wurin suka yi saboda launuka iri-iri, kuma Dokai Bay ya ƙazantu har an san shi da "Tekun "Sea of Death" ( 歷).  A shekara ta 1961, Yahata Karfe Works kadai ya fitar da  na barbashi a kowace rana daga tarin hayaki 62. Masana'antu sun rufe kashi 70% na yankin Tobata a cikin 1960s, kuma Yahata Karfe ya mallaki fiye da rabin birnin.  A cikin wannan yanayin ne ƙungiyoyin mata a Tobata suka fara yin shiri don yaƙi da gurɓata yanayi. 

## Tarihi

### Kafa
An kafa ƙungiyar mata ta Tobata ta farko bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu a kaka ta 1946. Matar magajin garin na wancan lokacin, Tsuruta Yoshiko, ita ce shugabar ƙungiyar.   A zamanin wahalar bayan yaƙi, ƙungiyar ta mayar da hankali kan samar da jin daɗin membobinta. Ayyukanta sun haɗa da bincike kan yadda ake amfani da shuke-shuke na gida a matsayin abinci da hanyoyin da suka dace don amfani da abinci mai kyau, da kuma gudanar da tarukan musanya.  A watan Maris na 1948, Charlotte Crist,  wakiliyar gwamnatin sojan Amurka (ko GHQ) mai alhakin harkokin mata a Fukuoka Prefecture, ta ziyarci Tobata don lura da ayyukan ƙungiyar. Ta soki naɗin matar magajin garin a matsayin shugaba a matsayin rashin bin dimokuraɗiyya, kuma ta ba da umarnin a gudanar da zaɓe. Ƙungiyar ta yi zanga-zanga, amma daga baya aka wargaza ta da ƙarfi a ranar 31 ga Maris. 

## Manazarta