Tarihin Karen Seto

**Karen Ching-Yee Seto** masaniya ce, masaniyar kimiyyar yanayin birni da canjin ƙasa, kuma Frederick C. Hixon Farfesa na Geography and Urbanization Science a Jami'ar Yale. Ta ƙware ne a kan cigaban birane da ɗorewa, da kuma tauraron ɗan adam na nesa. Ita ce shugabar babi kan rage birane acikin Kwamitin Ƙaddamar da Sauyin Yanayi (IPCC) na 6 na Rahoton Ƙimar da Rahoto na IPCC 5th Assessment Report. Daga 2014 zuwa 2020, ita ce babban editan mujallar kimiyya *ta Duniya Canjin Muhalli*. Ita ce zaɓaɓɓen memba na Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa ta Amurka (NAS), Cibiyar Kimiyya da Injiniya ta Connecticut (CASE), Cibiyar Nazarin Arts da Kimiyya ta Amirka, Majalisar Harkokin Waje, da kuma 'yar Ƙungiyar Amirka don Cigaban Kimiyya (AAAS).

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Seto a Hong Kong kuma tayi hijira zuwa Amurka tun tana yarinya. Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandaren Katolika ta Pomona da Jami'ar California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), inda ta sami digiri na farko a kimiyyar siyasa Ta tafi Jami'ar Boston don samun digiri na biyu na haɗin gwiwa a fannin hulɗar ƙasa da ƙasa, da albarkatun ƙasa da kula da muhalli, sannan ta samu digiri na uku a fannin ƙasa, inda tayi aiki tare da Robert C. Kaufmann da Curtis E. Woodcock. Binciken da ta gudanar yayi nazari kan faɗaɗa filayen birane da kuma tasiri ga filayen noma a kogin Pearl Delta na ƙasar Sin. Ta kasance majagaba wajen haɗa bayanan tattalin arziƙin zamantakewa da hotunan tauraron ɗan adam don nazarin haɓɓakar birane ta amfani da nazarin jerin lokaci. Ta gano cewa a tsakanin shekarun 1988 zuwa 1996, yawan biranen ya karu da sama da kashi 300, inda akasari aka mayar da su daga kasar noma.

## Sana'a da bincike
An ba Seto lambar yabo ta NASA Sabon Binciken Bincike a Ƙyautar Kimiyyar Duniya acikin 2000 da lambar yabo ta CAREER Foundation acikin 2004.An naɗa ta mamba a jami'ar Stanford a 2000, inda ta gudanar da alƙawura na haɗin gwiwa a Cibiyar Nazarin Ƙasa da Kasa da Cibiyar Woods don Muhalli. Seto yana gudanar da bincike game da canjin ɗan adam na ƙasa, fahimtar hanyoyin haɓɓaka birane da kuma bincika tasirin muhalli na canje-canjen amfani da ƙasa. Ayyukanta na farko sunyi la'akari da dangantakar da ke tsakanin cigaban tattalin arziki, da birane da kuma amfani da filaye a Sin da Vietnam.Tayi amfani da hangen nesa ta tauraron dan adam da tambayoyin filin a matsayin hanyar da za ta rubuta amfani da ƙasa da tsarin sararin samaniya. Ta jagoranci Kayan Aikin Gudanar da Muhalli na Hukumar Kula da Tsarin Halittu na Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Kare Halitta (IUCN)daga 2002 zuwa 2008 kuma ta jagoranci aikin kasa da kasa kan birane da canjin muhalli na duniya daga 2005 zuwa 2016.Acikin 2008, Seto ya shiga ƙungiyar Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies.

An naɗa Seto Mataimakiyar Dean don Bincike da Darakta na Doctoral Studies a Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies a 2014, da Frederick C. Hixon Farfesa na Geography da Urbanization Science a 2017. Ta kasance shugabar marubuciyar jagora don rahotanni sau biyu na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya.Ta jagoranci babin rage birane na 2022 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 6th Assessment Report (AR6) da 2014 IPCC 5th Assessment Report (AR5), wanda ya binciko hanyoyin da za'a iya rage yawan iskar gas a cikin birane. Bayan girgizar ƙasa ta lalata yankuna a Nepal acikin 2015, Seto ta sami saƙo don bincika yadda ci gaban biranen ke haifar da rauni ga haɗari a yankin. Ta jagoranci wani shiri na NASA wanda ke duba alakar ci gaban birane, da rauni da bala'o'i. Tayi nazarin “boyayyen alakar” dake tsakanin tsarin birane da tsarin abinci. Seto ya gano cewa ci gaban birane a duk duniya na iya kawar da muhimman wuraren noma, yana mai hasashen cewa nan da shekara ta 2030 za a iya rasa wani yanki mai girman New Jersey. Seto ya yi amfani da hotunan tauraron dan adam da bayanan ƙidayar jama'a don bincika birane a Indiya. Ta yi amfani da kewayon hotunan tauraron dan adam don nazarin ƙauyuka, ciki har da shirin Tsaro na Yanayin tauraron dan adam (DMSP) Tsarin Layin Layin Ayyuka (OLS) hotunan hasken dare, Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) da Landsat.

Seto ya gyara tarin takaddun don *Ci gaba na Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Ƙasar Amurka* (PNAS) kan haɓaka birane da dorewa, yana binciken tasirin babban birni.   A cikin bugu na musamman na *PNAS*, Seto ya gano jigogi uku; dorewar ci gaban birane yana da nau'i-nau'i daban-daban, kuma hanyoyin da aka tsara su zuwa nau'i ɗaya (lafin lafiyar jama'a, nau'in halittu) na iya zama ba su da tasiri mai kyau, ƙauyuka na iya zama da wuya a lura da kuma cewa akwai bukatar gaggawa don samar da hanyoyi masu yawa don kimanta zamantakewa. da tsarin muhalli.  Seto ya yi kira da a haɗa kai don dorewar duniya sabanin ayyukan keɓantacce.  Misali, ta nuna cewa ingantaccen tsarin birane da ingantaccen manufofin sufuri na iya rage amfani da makamashi da kashi 25% a biranen duniya.   Wannan zai iya haɗawa da ƙarin haɓaka "ƙantacce" da haɓaka fasahar ingantaccen makamashi.  Ta gano cewa birane a kasashe masu tasowa sun haifar da kashi 86% na raguwar makamashi, saboda suna da damar tsara dabarun inganta zirga-zirgar jiragen sama.  Tare da abokin aikin Yale Eli Fenichel, an ba Seto lambar yabo ta Albarkatun Kyauta na gaba a cikin 2018 don kimanta ƙimar samfuran bayanan tauraron dan adam don aunawa da taswirar birni a cikin Himalaya .