Edith Ballantyne

Edith Ballantyne (an haife shi 10 Disamba 1922 kuma ya mutu a ranar 25 ga Maris, 2025) ɗan ƙasar Kanada ɗan ƙasar Czech ne, wanda ya kasance fitaccen memba a ƙungiyar Mata ta Duniya don Zaman Lafiya da 'Yanci (WILPF) tun 1969. A lokacin, ta zama babbar sakatariyar kungiyar kasa da kasa, mai hedikwata a birnin Geneva na kasar Switzerland, tana yin wannan mukamin na tsawon shekaru ashirin da uku. Tsakanin 1992 zuwa 1998, ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar kasa da kasa na kungiyar. A cikin 1995, an karrama ta a matsayin mai karɓar kyautar Gandhi Peace Award .

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Edith Müller a ranar 10 ga Disamba 1922 a Krnov a cikin Czech Silesia zuwa Rosa da Alois Müller. Ta girma a Czechoslovakia har zuwa rikicin Sudeten na 1938. Iyalin sun fara gudu zuwa Ingila, kuma a shekara ta 1939 suka yi hanyarsu zuwa Kanada, inda Kamfanin Railway na Kanada na Pacific ya sanya su suyi noma a British Columbia . Ba su iya kula da iyalinsu ba, sai suka ƙaura zuwa Toronto a 1941, inda Müller ya sami aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin gida . Ba ta iya Turanci ba, ’yan sa kai na Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) ne suka koya mata yaren, waɗanda suka ci gaba da bin diddigin ’yan gudun hijirar Bohemian da ƙoƙarin taimaka musu wajen yin gyare-gyare ga rayuwa a Kanada. Shiga WILPF, Müller ya sami saƙonsu na zaman lafiya da haƙƙin ɗan adam amma ya rasa dangantakarsa da ƙungiyar lokacin da ta ƙaura zuwa Montreal a 1945. A cikin Yuli 1948, Müller ya auri Campbell Ballantyne, jami'in Ofishin Kwadago na Duniya kuma ya koma Geneva tare da shi daga baya a wannan shekarar.   

## Sana'a
Lokacin da ta isa Switzerland, Ballantyne ya fara aiki ga Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya, a cikin sashin wallafe-wallafe, a matsayin mataimakin darekta. Bayan shekara biyar, ta bar mukamin don ta kula da ’ya’yan ma’auratan hudu. Bayan shekaru ashirin da zama a Geneva, ta gano cewa hedkwatar WILPF tana can kuma ta ba da gudummawa don yin hidima a 1968. A shekara mai zuwa, ta zama Sakatare Janar na kungiyar,   kuma ta karbi matsayi na cikakken lokaci don yin aiki don inganta hulɗar WILPF tare da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UN).  A cikin 1970, ta halarci taron WILPF na Goma sha Takwas, wanda aka gudanar a New Delhi, wanda ya yi tasiri sosai akan ra'ayinta na daidaita 'yanci da zaman lafiya. Ta fahimci cewa, idan aka kare hanyoyin lumana na warware rikici, dole ne a sami hanyar da za a gane cewa ana iya zalunta za su iya tayar da tarzoma kuma mambobin za su iya goyon bayan rashin tashin hankali ba tare da la'antar masu cin zarafi da suke ganin cewa babu sauran zabin ba.  Muhawarar da ta biyo bayan taron, ta haifar da wani kuduri cewa neman zaman lafiya ba zai iya maye gurbin sanin cewa babbar manufar zaman lafiya ba ita ce a bar mutane su kai ga ’yancinsu da kuma rayuwa cikin walwala.  A 1972, ta zama mai kula da ayyukan WILPF tare da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.  Tafiyarta ta Indiya ta biyo baya a cikin 1975 tare da ƙungiyar masu sa ido waɗanda suka zagaya Gabas ta Tsakiya, wanda ya sa Ballantyne ya ba da shawarar cewa WILPF ta latsa don ci gaba da tattaunawa tsakanin bangarorin rikice-rikice amma su kasance masu tsaka-tsaki kan batutuwa kamar tashin hankali da cin zarafi na ɗan adam wanda ya samo asali, maimakon haifar da rikici.  Ta yi imanin cewa aikin WILPF shi ne karfafa gwiwar bangarorin biyu don samun hanyar lumana don zama tare ba tare da mai da hankali kan wanda ke da alhakin lamarin ko son rai ba.  

A cikin 1976, an zaɓi Ballantyne don jagorantar taron Ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (CONGO) na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya  kuma ya zama shugabanta na shekaru shida masu zuwa.  A matsayinta na wakiliyar farko da ta rike wannan mukami daga wata kungiyar masu fafutukar neman zaman lafiya, ta bude kofar cimma muradun kwance damarar makamai.   Lokacin da taron duniya kan mata, 1980 da aka gudanar a Copenhagen, Ballantyne ya zama shugaban ci gaban shirye-shirye na kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu Forum, tabbatar da cewa akwai karfi da girmamawa ga zaman lafiya da kuma kwance damarar a cikin tattaunawa na daban-daban tarurruka.   Ta karbi bakuncin kwamitocin shirya taron guda biyu, daya a Geneva, daya kuma a birnin New York, domin tabbatar da cewa, manyan bayanai daga kungiyoyi daban-daban sun kafa harsashin taron.  A shekara mai zuwa, ta taimaka wajen samar da wani taro na "Mata na Turai a Ayyukan Aminci" tare da manufar hada masu fafutuka da mata don nazarin fargabar da ke haifar da tseren makamai da kuma samar da shirye-shirye don sa ido kan abubuwan da ke faruwa a tattaunawar zaman lafiya.  A cikin 1983, Ballantyne yana cikin mata 10,000 da suka gana da janar-janar a hedkwatar NATO don nuna rashin amincewarsu da sabon tura makamai masu linzami a Turai.  An jibge makamai masu linzami duk da zanga-zangar kuma ba da jimawa ba, Amurka ta mamaye Grenada . Ballantyne ya jagoranci taron kasa da kasa kan Nicaragua da zaman lafiya a Amurka ta tsakiya tare da Adolfo Pérez Esquivel a Lisbon a cikin 1984 don tattauna batun tseren makamai da ke ta'azzara.  Ta mayar da hankali kan bin manyan tsare-tsare guda biyu don samun zaman lafiya da kungiyoyi masu tallafawa wadanda suka ki daukar dabarun gargajiya sun zama ginshikin manufofin WILPF na daukar matakai biyu na goyon bayan fafutukar zaman lafiya. 

Ballantyne ya sake zama shugaban kwamitin tsare-tsare na dandalin NGO na taron duniya kan mata, 1985 da za a yi a Nairobi . Tantin Aminci, ra'ayin da Ballantyne ya matsa, an kafa shi a kan lawn na Jami'ar Nairobi kuma ya zama wurin taron. A tantin, an gudanar da tarukan yau da kullum inda mata suka tattauna illar yaki ga mata da yara.    A cikin 1992, Ballantyne ya zama shugaban WILPF na duniya kuma ya yi aiki a wannan matsayi na shekaru shida masu zuwa.   A cikin 1995, an karrama ta a matsayin mai karɓar kyautar Gandhi Peace Award . 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin sunayen masu fafutukar zaman lafiya

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Tattaunawa da Edith Ballantyne, 2015