Tia Blake

Christiana Elizabeth " Tia " Wallman (13 ga Afrilu, 1952 - 17 ga Yuni, 2015), wacce aka fi sani da sunanta na dandamali Tia Blake, mawaƙiya ce kuma marubuciya 'yar Amurka. An san ta da kundin wakokinta na farko na 1971, Folk Songs & Ballads: Tia Blake and Her Folk-Group . An fara fitar da shi ne kawai a Faransa kuma ana sayar da kwafi kaɗan, an sake fitar da shi a 2011 kuma an bayyana shi a matsayin kundin wakokin da aka sake ganowa. Kundin ya sami matsayin addini a shekarun 1990 da 2000, tare da kwatantawa da mawakan kamar Nick Drake da Nico .

An haifi Wallman a Columbus, Georgia, a shekarar 1952, kuma ta girma a North Carolina . A shekarar 1960, a lokacin takaddamar tsare yara, mahaifinta mai aiki a CIA ya sace Wallman da 'yan uwanta, wanda daga baya aka kama shi ya gudu daga ƙasar. Daga baya ta koma Paris, inda ta kafa "Her Folk Group" kuma ta yi rikodin kundin waƙoƙinta na farko. Wallman ta yi wasa sau ɗaya a Théâtre du Vieux-Colombier tare da ƙungiyarta, don tallafawa kundin waƙoƙin, kuma daga baya ta yi rikodin shirye-shiryen demo da gwaji. Daga baya ta koma Montreal inda ta yi rikodin waƙoƙin CBC Radio, waɗanda daga ƙarshe aka ƙi su, kuma ta ba da waƙoƙin goyon baya ga waƙar Daniel Lavoie .

Daga baya Wallman ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin marubuciya mai zaman kanta da edita, bayan ta kammala karatunta daga Kwalejin Smith a shekarar 1989. Ta raba abubuwan da ta fuskanta ta hanyar rubuce-rubuce da aka buga a ƙarƙashin sunan Tia Wallman, gami da tarihin rayuwarta game da neman mahaifinta a Saigon a lokacin Yaƙin Vietnam a *Granta* . Ta rubuta wani labari mai ban dariya tare da mahaifiyarta wanda aka yi a Bikin Fringe na New York na 2007. Wallman ta mutu tana da shekaru 63 sakamakon cutar kansar mama a shekarar 2015.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Christiana Elizabeth Wallman a Columbus, Georgia, a ranar 13 ga Afrilu, 1952,  kuma ta girma a North Carolina ;  tana da 'yan'uwa shida.  Mahaifinta, Jack, yana aiki a CIA . A shekarar 1960 iyayenta suka rabu kuma a tsakiyar rikicin tsare yara, mahaifinta ya sace Wallman da 'yan'uwanta na tsawon watanni bakwai. Lokacin da aka same su, an kama mahaifinta kuma daga baya ya gudu daga ƙasar. 

A shekarar 1970 ta kammala karatun sakandare sannan ta yi aiki a Farrar, Straus da Giroux a birnin New York na tsawon watanni shida, kafin ta koma Paris .  A can ta haɗu kuma ta kamu da son Benito Merlino, mawaƙin Sicilian, mai shagon rikodin kuma mai shirya rikodin.  Ta koyi buga guitar  kuma ta shafe mafi yawan lokacinta a wani shagon rikodin da ke Latin Quarter, Disco'Thé, inda take waƙa lokaci-lokaci. Yayin da take shagon, ta haɗu da ƙananan mawakan guitar guda biyu, waɗanda suke bin waƙoƙin gargajiya sosai kuma suna yawan zuwa shagon. Sun fara wasa tare da ita, don haka suka kafa "Ƙungiyar Jama'arta". 

Bayan jin muryar Wallman mai waƙa kuma ta burge ta, Merlino ya gabatar da ita ga abokan hulɗarsa a masana'antar rikodin.  Ta saba da Michel Bachelet da Jean-Paul Smets, mai shi da masu fasaha kuma manajan rera wakokin Société française de production (SFP), wani ƙaramin kamfanin rera wakokin Faransa, waɗanda suka gayyace ta ta yi rikodin kundin wakokinta na farko,  a Pierre Barouh 's Studios Saravah.  Da rana, ta yi rikodin kundin waƙoƙin gargajiya da ballads na jama'a a ƙarƙashin sunan Tia Blake,  tare da ƙungiyarta tana goyon bayanta.  An fitar da shi a Faransa, a cikin 1971, a matsayin *Waƙoƙin Jama'a & Ballads: Tia Blake da Her Folk-Group*, tare da kwafi kaɗan da aka samar.  Wata guda bayan fitowar kundin, don tallata shi, Wallman da ƙungiyarta sun yi wasa a Théâtre du Vieux-Colombier . A shekarar 1973 ta yi rikodin wasu zaɓaɓɓun wasannin kwaikwayo da kuma gwaje-gwajen da wani mai kida mai suna Jack ya goyi bayansu. 

A watan Satumba na shekarar 1976, a Montreal, inda Wallman take zaune a lokacin, ta amsa kiran da CBC Radio ta yi mata na waƙoƙin mawakan yankin, inda ta yi rikodin a ɗakin studio na CBC, inda ta yi rikodin waƙoƙin demo guda uku na asali, ciki har da ɗaya na mahaifinta da kuma wani na tsohon saurayinta. Mai shirya CBC bai sami wani abu da zai yi amfani da shi ba lokacin da aka kunna, inda ta mayar mata da faifan.  Daga baya Wallman ta ba da waƙoƙin tallafi ga waƙar "Boule Qui Roule" a cikin kundin waƙoƙin Daniel Lavoie na 1979 *Nirvana Bleu* . 

Wallman ta kammala karatunta daga Kwalejin Smith a shekarar 1989, inda ta lashe kyautar rubutu ta Elizabeth Drew. Tana zaune a North Carolina, ta zama marubuciya mai zaman kanta da edita.  Ta buga, a matsayin Tia Wallman, guda biyu a cikin *Granta*, na farko shine tarihin tafiya zuwa Saigon tare da 'yar uwarta, a lokacin Yaƙin Vietnam, don neman mahaifinta wanda ya yi aiki a CIA, na biyu kuma ya bayyana bayan mutuwarsa.  A shekara ta 2006, an shirya wani fim mai ban dariya da ta rubuta tare da mahaifiyarta, Joan Blake, a bikin Fringe na New York na 2007, wanda ya ɗauki tsawon mintuna 10. 

A shekarar 2011, an sake fitar da kundin wakokinta na farko a CD ta Water Music, tare da shirye-shiryenta na Paris da kuma rikodin CBC Montreal.  Bayan an bayyana shi a matsayin kundin wakokin da aka sake ganowa,  ya fara yawo a matsayin kundin wakokin addini a shekarun 1990 da 2000.  An kwatanta Wallman da Nick Drake, Nico, Sibylle Baier, Bridget St. John, da Vashti Bunyan . 

Wallman ta mutu tana da shekaru 63 sakamakon cutar kansar mama a Pinehurst, North Carolina, a ranar 17 ga Yuni, 2015. An binne ta kusa da 'yan uwanta biyu, Chris da Peter, a North Hatley, Quebec, Kanada.  Ana gudanar da tarin Tia Blake a ɗakin karatu na Wilson da ke North Carolina, wanda ya ƙunshi rikodin sauti, hotuna, takardu, da rubuce-rubucen Wallman. 

## Ayyuka

### Kundin Waƙoƙi

* *Waƙoƙin Gargajiya da Batsa: Tia Blake da Ƙungiyar Jama'arta* (LP), SFP, Paris, 1971.
** An sake buga shi ta Water Music, California, a shekarar 2011, tare da shirye-shiryen demo na Paris (1973) da kuma rikodin CBC Montreal (1976)
** An sake buga shi kuma an sake masa fasali ta Ici Bientôt, Paris, a shekarar 2022.
* *Tia Blake, Paris da Montreal Demos 1973-1976* (EP), Yep Roc Records, 2018. 

### Littattafai

* Mun je Saigon, *Granta*, 14 ga Yuli, 2006
* Wasannin da aka Haramta, *Granta*, 9 Maris 2017

## Manazarta u