Karen Adolph

**Karen E. Adolph** masaniyar ilimin halayyar dan adam ce kuma farfesa da aka sani da bincikenta a fannin ci gaban motsi na jarirai. Ita ce mai karɓar lambar yabo ta Kurt-Koffka ta 2017 daga Jami'ar Giessen . Darajar da ta gabata sun haɗa da lambar yabo ta APA Boyd McCandless ta 1999 da lambar yabo ce ta 2002 ta American Psychological Foundation Robert L. Fantz Memorial Award . Ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Taron Kasa da Kasa kan Nazarin Jarirai .  Adolph da abokan aikinta sun haɓaka software na ƙididdigar bidiyo na kwamfuta, wanda ake kira Datavyu, da fasahar rikodin zamani don lura da halayyar ƙididdiga. Wani aikin da ya danganci, Databrary, yana ba da ajiya don rikodin bidiyo na halayyar kuma yana ƙarfafa raba bayanai a duk faɗin dakunan bincike. Adolph ta sami lambar yabo ta MERIT daga Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Yara da Ci gaban Dan Adam ta Kasa don tallafawa binciken da ta yi.

## Motar motoci
Ɗaya daga cikin batutuwan da aka fi nazarin Adolph shine Locomotion . Ta dauki shi a matsayin babbar nasara ga jariri. A cikin rubutunta ta bayyana waɗanne matakai na motsi suna haifar da nasarori mafi girma. Misali, zama "Tripod" ana biye da zama ba tare da buƙatar hannaye don daidaitawa ba. Jarirai da ke yawo a cikin ciki suna ba da damar su fara yawo a hannu da gwiwoyi. Jarirai yawanci suna tafiya a kusa da watanni 9.Bayan koyon yawo, jarirai suna canzawa zuwa tafiya kusan watanni 18. Wannan yana canza abubuwan da jarirai ke da kyau kuma yana ba su sababbin ra'ayoyi a cikin mahallinsu.

Locomotion ta zo da sauri kamar yadda girma na yaro, amma komai yana da sannu a hankali kuma a cikin matakan jariri. Yana da mahimmanci a san duk mutane suna bunkasa daban-daban, kuma abubuwan da suka faru sun dogara ne akan matsakaici. Adolph ta gabatar da wani muhimmin bangare na wannan matakin ci gaba, wanda shine "koyon koyo". Ta ce, "Tunanin ilmantarwa don koyo yana ba da tsari don fahimtar yadda ake ci gaba da ayyukan don magance bambancin da sabon abu. "  Adolph ya tattauna yadda locomotion ke ƙarfafa jarirai su bincika mahallinsu da ƙalubale kamar hawa matakala, guje wa wurare masu haɗari, da gwada iyakokin kewaye da su.  Ƙananan kuskuren tasiri, kamar ɗan tuntuɓe ko faɗuwa, yana bawa yara damar ci gaba da yin motsa jiki, tafiya, da bincike. Adolph da Han sun gano cewa jarirai ba su da damuwa da waɗannan kurakurai da yawa yayin koyon sabbin ƙwarewar ci gaba.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Adolph ta sami BA, a cikin Psychology da Fine Arts a 1986 daga Kwalejin Sarah Lawrence a Bronxville, NY. Ta tafi makarantar digiri a Jami'ar Emory, a Atlanta GA inda ta sami MA a cikin Experimental / Developmental Psychology a 1989 da Ph.D. a cikin Exper Experimental/Developmental Psychology.  A shekara ta 1994, ta kammala karatun postdoctoral a Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Albert Einstein .  Ta yi aiki a karkashin Eleanor J. Gibson,  Esther Thelen, da Ulric Neisser . Ta kasance memba na bangaren koyarwa a Carnegie Mellon har zuwa 1997 lokacin da ta shiga bangaren koyarwar NYU.

Adolph ta rike mukamai da yawa a tsawon lokacin aikinta. Ta shugabanci Taron Kasa da Kasa kan Nazarin Jarirai har zuwa 2016. Bugu da ƙari, ta shugabanci Sashen Nazarin NIH kan Ayyukan Motar da Magana,   ta yi aiki a kwamitin ba da shawara na Gidauniyar McDonnell,  kuma ta yi aiki akan allon edita na mujallu Developmental Psychobiology da Ecological Psychology. Ta kasance Fellow na American Psychological Association da American Psychological Society tun shekara ta 2006. 

A halin yanzu Farfesa ce a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam da kimiyyar jijiyoyi a Jami'ar New York (NYU) inda take jagorantar Lab na Ayyukan Yara a NYU, tana mai da hankali kan nazarin sassauci na halayyar a ci gaban motsi.

## Bincike
Ayyukan Adolph suna nazarin yadda mutane ke koyon daidaitawa da canje-canje a cikin jikinsu da haɓaka ƙwarewa don magance bambancin yanayi. Tana nazarin samun ƙwarewar motsi a cikin jarirai da birai don bin diddigin ilmantarwa da ci gaba. Kodayake yawancin ayyukanta sun mayar da hankali kan ci gaban jarirai, Lab na Ayyukan Jarirai kuma yana gudanar da karatu tare da yara da manya. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin binciken su ya haɗa da haɓaka ayyukan da ke ƙalubalanci jarirai, yara, da manya tare da matsaloli na zamani, kamar su zamewa a kan gadoji, matsawa ta hanyar ramuka, juyawa a kan sandunan birai, da kuma isa ga manufofi tare da jiki a motsi. Adolph ya yi nazarin locomotion da daidaitawa ta jarirai ta hanyar amfani da kyamarori masu bin diddigin ido na jarirai don bincika tsarin kulawar gani na jarirai yayin da suke wasa a cikin ɗakin da ke cike da kayan wasa tare da mahaifiyarsu. Wani ƙwarewar ci gaba da Adolph ya bincika shi ne hawa matakala, yana ba da cikakken bayani game da ƙalubalen da jarirai ke fuskanta don koyon hawa matakala saboda ƙarfin su da matakan daidaitawa.

## Kyaututtuka da girmamawa
Adolph an ba shi lambar yabo ta FIRST daga Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Yara da Ci gaban Dan Adam ta Kasa daga 1996 zuwa 2001,  lambar yabo ta APA Boyd McCandless a shekarar 1998,  lambar yabo ta Matashi mai Bincike daga Taron Kasa da Kasa don Nazarin Yara a shekarar 1998,  lambar yabo ce ta James McKeen Cattell Sabbatical daga 2001 zuwa 2002,  lambar yabo ta American Psychological Foundation Robert L. Fantz Memorial Award a 2002,  lambar yabo ta MERIT daga Cibiyar Lafiya ta Kasa da Ci gaban Mutum daga 2006 zuwa 2016,  da Golden Dozen Teaching Award daga NYU. A cikin 2018, Adolph ya lashe lambar yabo ta Kurt Koffka, wacce Jami'ar Giessen ta bayar don "ci gaba da fannonin fahimta ko ilimin halayyar ci gaba har zuwa wani abu mai ban mamaki".

## Littattafan wakilci

* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] Koyon motsawa. *Jagoranci na yanzu a cikin Kimiyya ta Halitta, 17* (3), 213-218.
* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] Musammancin ilmantarwa: Me ya sa jarirai suka fadi a kan dutse na gaskiya. *Kimiyya ta Halitta, 11* (4), 290-295.
* [Hasiya] Koyon karatu da ci gaba a cikin motsi na jarirai. Prog Brain Res. 164:237-55.
* Berger, S.E., Theuring C., Adolph, K.E. (2007) Ta yaya kuma lokacin da jarirai ke koyon hawa matakala. *Jariri Behav Dev*.30 (1):36-49.

## Manazarta