open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Wang Shiwei

**Wang Shiwei** ( simplified Chinese         ; Maris 12, 1906 - Yuli 1, 1947) ɗan jarida ne kuma marubucin adabi na ƙasar Sin . Ya shahara saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga tarihin juyin juya halin zamani na ƙasar Sin da kuma adabin zamani na ƙasar Sin. Wang ya shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta ƙasar Sin (CCP) a shekarar 1926, amma daga baya ya yi rubutu game da wasu fannoni na juyin juya halin Kwaminis ta ƙasar Sin . A ƙarƙashin umarnin Mao Zedong, an kore shi daga jam'iyyar CCP. Daga baya a shekarar 1947, aka kashe shi.

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Iyali
Wang Shiwei, wanda ake kira **Wang Sidao** (王思禱), an haife shi ne a Guangzhou (光州, yanzu Huangchuan County) a lardin Henan, kasar Sin a ranar 12 ga Maris, 1906. Sunan girmamawa shi ne **Shuhan** (叔翰). Mahaifinsa malami ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin malami a wata makaranta ta yankin. Wang ita ce ta uku a cikin 'yan'uwa maza da mata takwas. Kudin da mahaifinsa ya samu a matsayin malami bai isa ya ciyar da babban iyalin ba.

### Ilimi
Wang ya sami ilimin farko a cikin litattafan Sinanci daga mahaifinsa, wanda ya fara ci gaba da iliminsa game da wallafe-wallafen Sinanci. A shekara ta 1914, ya shiga makarantar firamare ta biyu ta Huangchuan (Xiao川 na biyu) don karatun firamare uku. Daga baya, ya tafi makarantar sakandare ta bakwai ta Henan da ke Huangchuan (yanzu makarantar sakandare na biyu ta Huangchuan). Daga bisani ya bar garinsu kuma ya shiga Makarantar Tushen Turai. An tilasta masa barin wannan makarantar shekara guda bayan haka, saboda iyalinsa ba za su iya biyan kuɗin da ake kashewa ba. Da yake ya ƙuduri aniyar ci gaba da karatunsa, ya yi aiki a ofishin gidan waya don adana kuɗi; yana da shekaru 17, ya shiga shirin Nazarin Musayar Amurka a Lardin Henan.

A shekara ta 1925, Wang ya sami damar yin karatun zane-zane a Jami'ar Peking .  A can ya shiga cikin kamfen ɗin ɗaliban jami'ar. Koyaya, an sake tilasta masa barin a 1927, amma ya sake iya fara karatu a ƙarshen 1920s da farkon 1930s, a wannan lokacin a Cibiyar Marx-Engels a Moscow. Yayinda yake a Jami'ar Peking, abokan karatunsa sun hada da masu gwagwarmayar kwaminisanci Chen Qichang da Wang Fanxi, Chen mai yiwuwa shine wanda ya gabatar da Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta kasar Sin ga Wang Shiwei. Chen da Wang Fanxi, duk da haka, sun rabu da CCP kuma sun shiga Trotskyists. Haɗin farko na Wang Shiwei tare da su biyu daga baya ya zama wani ɓangare na zargin da Kang Sheng ya yi cewa shi mai crypto-Trotskyist ne.

## Manazarta
Wang Yuewen

**Wang Yuewen** ( Chinese    ; an haife shi a shekarar 1962) wani marubuci ne na kasar Sin na zamani wanda aka san shi da shahararrun litattafansa a fannin yaki da cin hanci da rashawa.  Littafinsa na shekarar 1999, *National Portrait* (國畫), game da cin hanci da rashawa a matakin kananan hukumomi a kasar Sin ya zama abin mamaki, wanda ya haifar da sha'awa a cikin nau'in.   Littafin ya sami yabo sosai, duk da cewa gwamnati ta haramta shi kuma ya buga kwafi 105,000 kacal.  A shekarar 2013, ya lashe kyautar adabi ta Lu Xun saboda littafinsa mai suna *Spreading Water* (漫水).

Dan asalin Huaihua, Hunan, Wang ya girma a cikin ƙauye kuma ya halarci Jami'ar Huaihua lokacin da yake dan shekara goma sha tara. Kafin ya zama marubuci na cikakken lokaci, Wang ya kasance Ma'aikacin gwamnati na gari da na ƙasa a yammacin Hunan, yana aiki a gwamnatin ƙasar Xupu daga 1984 zuwa 1992. Ya koma Changsha a kusa da 1994 kuma daga baya ya yi aiki a gwamnatin lardin Hunan lokacin da ya fara rubutu da gaske a ƙarshen shekarun 1990. Sauran shahararrun ayyukansa sun haɗa da *Firayim Minista na [[Qing dynasty|Daular Qing]]* (大清相国), wani littafi mai taken yaki da cin hanci da rashawa wanda ke mai da hankali kan rayuwar dan siyasa na daular Qing, Chen Tingjing . Wang Qishan, Mataimakin Shugaban Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin, ya amince da littafin, kuma ya daidaita shi cikin wasa a shekarar 2017. Kayan talabijin na littafin da Wang ya rubuta kuma Zheng Xiaolong ya ba da umarni a halin yanzu yana cikin samarwa.

* Gidan Gida 

## Dubi kuma

* Zhou Meisen

## Manazarta
Wang Zengqi

**Wang Zengqi** ( Chinese    ; 1920 - 1997) marubuci ne na zamani na kasar Sin, mai rubuta makala kuma marubucin wasan kwaikwayo na Peking Opera. An san shi da gajerun labarai da kasidu masu salo da abubuwan da suka kunsa, waɗanda adabi da tatsuniyoyi na garinsu suka ƙunsa.  An kira shi "ƙwararren mai tsara salon Sinanci na zamani", tare da mai ba shi shawara kan adabi Shen Congwen .  Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin magajin "Makarantar Beijing" wadda Zhou Zuoren da Shen Congwen suka yi shelarta a shekarun 1940.

## Tarihin rayuwa

An haifi Wang a cikin dangin masu mallakar ƙasa a cikin 1920 a Gaoyou, Lardin Jiangsu . Kakansa ya tara wadata mai yawa yana aiki da gonaki da kantin magani. Mahaifin Wang ya kasance mai sha'awar sha'awa, mai sana'a, kuma mai kula da ido mai daraja ta hanyar sana'a. Ya shiga cikin wasanni, kayan kida, zane, da sana'a. Wang Zengqi shi ne ɗa na biyu na iyali kuma ɗan fari. Mahaifiyar Wang ta mutu lokacin da yake dan shekara uku, ta bar shi da tunanin ta kawai. Mahaifiyarsa da sauran danginsa ne suka yi renonsa da kulawa da ƙauna. Baya ga karatunsa na yau da kullun, ya yi karatun calligraphy, zane, da wallafe-wallafen gargajiya a karkashin jagorancin kakanninsa da mahaifinsa.

## Ayyuka

### Farkon aiki
A lokacin Yaƙin Sin da Japan na Biyu, Wang ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin manyan malamai da yawa - Zhu Ziqing, Wen Yiduo, Feng Youlan, da Shen Congwen - a Jami'ar Kudancin Yamma. Mai sha'awar fiction na Shen Congwen tun daga makarantar sakandare, ya halarci laccoci na jami'ar Shen kan rubuce-rubucen fiction kuma ya dauke shi a matsayin malami na rayuwa da kuma mai ba da shawara kan wallafe-wallafen. Wang ya fara buga shayari da gajerun labaru a cikin mujallar harabar da ya kafa.

Wang ya buga kundi na farko na gajerun labaru Collection of Chance Encounters a cikin 1949, a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin wallafe-wallafen da Ba Jin ya shirya.

### Saiti da salon
A cikin kwata na karshe na karni na ashirin, Wang ya rubuta litattafai da yawa da gajerun labaru waɗanda suka sami yabo mai mahimmanci. An kafa gajerun labaransa a wuraren da yake zaune: garinsu na Gaoyou; Kunming, inda ya halarci jami'a; Zhangjiakou, inda ya sake samun ilimi a matsayin "mai hannun dama"; da Beijing, inda ya zauna kuma ya yi aiki tun daga shekarun 1950. Halinsa sun haɗa da talakawa a birane, ƙananan malamai, mutanen karkara, da masu ilimi. Labarinsa yana da fa'ida ga halitta, mai kama da rubutu a kan makirci mai ban mamaki, ta amfani da harshe mai sauƙi, mai hanawa da aka nuna tare da jin daɗi da ladabi. Wannan tsarin ya nuna abin da ya bari na "Makarantar Beijing" ta shekarun 1940 karkashin jagorancin Zhou Zuoren da Shen Congwen.[26] Ayyukansa da ke nuna rayuwar karkara sun motsa marubutan wallafe-wallafen bincike a tsakiyar da ƙarshen shekarun 1980.

## Manazarta
Ineke Dezentjé Hamming-Bluemink

**Ineke Dezentjé Hamming-Bluenk** (an haife ta a ranar 15 ga Satumba, 1954) tsohuwar 'yar siyasa ce a ƙasar Holland. A matsayinta na memba a Jam'iyyar Jama'a ta 'Yanci da Dimokuraɗiyya (VVD), an zaɓe ta a Majalisar Wakilai daga ranar 3 ga Yuni, 2003 zuwa 9 ga Nuwamba, 2011. Ta mayar da hankali kan al'amuran da suka shafi Algemene Ouderdomswet da sauran harkokin fansho . Ybeltje Berckmoes-Duindam ne ya gaje ta lokacin da ta yi murabus don zama darektan kamfani na ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta FME-CWM .  A FME-CWM, ta maye gurbin abokin aikinta na jam'iyyar Jan Kamminga a matsayin shugabar kwamitin. An naɗa ta a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba, 2011 kuma ta sauka daga mukamin shugaba a 2021.  Daga ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 2014, zuwa 31 ga Maris, 2016, Dezentjé Hamming-Bluenk ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar Majalisar Zamantakewa da Tattalin Arziki da ke wakiltar VNO-NCW . 

A da, ta kasance mamba daga 2002 zuwa 2004 na majalisar birnin Cromstrijen kuma ta yi karatun lauya a Jami'ar Erasmus Rotterdam .

## Manazarta
Wei Wei (marubucin namiji)

**Wei Wei** ( Chinese    ; Maris 6, 1920 &#x2013; Agusta 24, 2008), wanda aka fi sani da **Hong Jie** ( simplified Chinese      ), mawaki ne na ƙasar Sin, marubucin labaran rubutu, marubucin rahotannin adabi, ɗan jarida, mataimakin babban edita kuma editan jaridu daban-daban a ƙasar Sin. Ayyukansa sun shahara saboda jigoginsu na kishin ƙasa, gurguzu, da kuma kishin ƙasa. Baya ga amfani da sunan *Wei Wei*, ya taɓa amfani da sunan alkalami *Hong Yangshu* ( ) a cikin wasu daga cikin littattafansa. Ya canza sunansa daga *Hong Jie* zuwa *Wei Wei* a shekarar 1937 lokacin da ya fara sabon shafi na rayuwarsa, na siyasa.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi *Wei Wei* ne a cikin iyali matalauta a Zhengzhou, Henan, kuma ya sami ilimin firamare na asali. Ya nuna sha'awar rubuce-rubuce da wallafe-wallafen tun da wuri, amma bai iya samun ilimi mai yawa ba bayan makarantar firamare, lokacin da iyayensa biyu suka mutu. Ya fi koyar da kansa kuma ya sami rinjaye sosai daga wallafe-wallafen Sinanci na 1920s da 30s, gami da ayyukan marubuta kamar Lu Xun da Mao Dun.

Wei Wei ya shiga rundunar soji ta takwas a lokacin barkewar Yaƙin Sin da Japan na Biyu a 1937 kuma an ilimantar da shi ya zama mai yada labarai da ɗan jarida. Bayan ya shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta kasar Sin a 1938, ya tashi da sauri ta hanyar jam'iyya. Ya zama sananne ne don bayar da rahoto daga layin gaba, wanda ya ci gaba a duk lokacin Yaƙin Koriya da Yaƙin Vietnam. Ya kuma zama sananne don tsara jerin litattafai Kwaminisanci, gajerun labaru, da wasan kwaikwayo.

Wei ya mutu a ranar 24 ga watan Agusta, 2008, a Beijing .

## Manazarta
Wen Yiduo

**Wen Yiduo** (Chinese;24 ga Nuwamba 1899 - 15 ga Yulin 1946) mawaki ne kuma masanin kasar Sin wanda aka sani da waƙoƙinsa na kasa. Kuomintang ne suka kashe Wen a shekarar 1946.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Wen Yiduo a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba 1899 a cikin yankin Xishui a Lardin Hubei. Bayan ya sami ilimin gargajiya na Confucian na kasar Sin ya ci gaba da karatu a Jami'ar Tsinghua.

A shekara ta 1922, ya yi tafiya zuwa Amurka don nazarin zane-zane da adabi a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago . A wannan lokacin ne aka buga tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, *Hongzhu* (紅, "Red Candle"). A shekara ta 1925, ya koma kasar Sin kuma ya dauki matsayin koyarwa a jami'a. A cikin 1928, an buga tarin sa na biyu, Sishui (, "Ruwa Matattu"). A cikin wannan shekarar ya China Ƙungiyar Crescent Moon Society kuma ya rubuta litattafai kan shayari. Ya kuma fara buga sakamakon bincikensa na wallafe-wallafen kasar Sin na gargajiya.

An san waƙoƙin Wen ne saboda gwaji tare da ka'idoji da siffofin gargajiya na kasar Sin. Ya tsara waƙoƙinsa a kan na mawaƙa na Ingilishi John Keats, Alfred Tennyson, da Robert Browning, kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya "sake dawo da alamomi da kuma halin al'ummar kasar Sin ta zamani". Waƙoƙin da ke cikin tarin sa na biyu, *Ruwa Matattu* (*Sǐshuǐ* ), suna da "musicalism mai ban tsoro", kuma suna hulɗa da batun "mai tsanani" na fallasa rashin adalci da cin hanci da rashawa.

## Kyautar karatu
David Hawkes ya yaba wa Wen a matsayin wanda ya fara addinin Qu Yuan a matsayin "mawakin kishin kasa na farko na kasar Sin",  yana rubuta cewa, "ko da yake Qu Yuan bai rubuta game da rayuwar mutane ba ko kuma ya furta wahalarsu, ana iya cewa ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban juyin juya halin mutane kuma ya yi mummunan rauni don rama musu. Qu Yuan shine kadai mutum a cikin tarihin kasar Sin wanda ke da damar a kira shi 'mawakin mutane' Wen da kansa zai rubuta, "bautar Chü' a kusa da su".

## Iyali
Babban jikan Wen, Wen Liming, ya kasance mai bincike na tarihin zamani a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Jama'a ta kasar Sin. Ya yi nazarin tarihin kasar Sin na zamani, gami da tafiye-tafiyen kakansa zuwa Birnin Chicago, kuma ya tattara kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga kayan aiki da yawa game da Wen Yiduo ga Jami'ar Kudancin Yammacin Kasa (a halin yanzu Jami'ar Yunnan Normal).

## Manazarta
Wolong Sheng

**Niu Heting** (Chinese; 1930-1997), wanda aka fi sani da sunansa **Wolong Sheng** (Chinese), marubucin kasar Sin ne na litattafan *wuxia.*

An haifi Niu a cikin Zhenping County, Henan, China. Ya wallafa kimanin litattafai 30 a cikin sama da shekaru ashirin kuma ayyukansa sun mamaye nau'in wuxia na zamani har sai Gu Long ya shiga wurin.

## Littattafai

* Dust mai iska, Jarumi mai ɓoye
* Rainbow-Startling Sword Shakes Koguna da Lakes () 
* Flying Swallow Startles the Dragon
* Karfe na ƙarfe, takobi na Allah () 
* Jade Hairpin Oath
* Ruwa mai ƙanshi na sama
* Fita marar suna
* Gidan Tiger () 
* Red Snow, Black Frost
* Abin da ya faru a hannu mai laushi () 
* Abokan jarumi da ba za a iya raba su ba
* Golden Sword, Eagle Fuka-fukan (金劍 sculpture) 
* Ruwa mai laushi ya dawo
* Sword na sama, Superb Sabre () 
* Twin Phoenix Flags (duka fadar) 
* Dokar Furewa
* Amincewa da Komawa da Sword () 
* Littafin Littafin Cranes na Sama
* Takobin A matsayin Mai Wasanni (yana nufin劍為媒) 
* Takobin Mai Tsarki, Sabre na Jin dadi (Saint劍情刀) 
* Iron Sword, Jade Pendant () 
* Sleeve na Kingfisher, Jade Bracelet
* Banner na Escort
* Jarumai masu ƙarfin hali na kasar Sin
* Hero Shadow, Demon Tracks
* Winter Plum, Proud Frost (寒梅傲) 
* Aikace-aikacen Jade Hand () 
* Kararrawa mai tashi () 
* Dragon mai tashi na Yankunan da ke nesa () 
* Ka girgiza Fure, Ka saki Hawk () 
* Bloody Sword, Loyal Heart () 
* Arrow na Zinariya (Qin) 
* Gishiri na Zinariya yana nuna idon Dragon () 
* Takobin da ba a ganuwa (ba a ganuwar takobi) 
* Fure Phoenix
* Shan sigari yana rufe koguna da tabkuna () 
* Spring da Autumn Brush () 
* Black da White Sword (black and white sword) 
* Kyakkyawan Ruhun Hudu
* Takobin da ya bar Babu Makirci () 
* Makamin Dragon na Sama () 
* Rashin doki da tausayi
* Fure mai tashi yana bin wata () 
* Rashin sanyi na Doki na Sama

## Daidaitawa

* The Magic Crane (1993) 
* Snow Is Red (1996) 
* The Jade Hairpin Alliance (1980) 

## Haɗin waje

* Swallow and Dragon - Fassara mai gudana zuwa Turanci na sanannen littafin Wolong Sheng .
* (a cikin Koriya) Wolong Sheng Wuxia NovelsLittattafan Wolong Sheng Wuxia
Wu Mengchang

**Wu Mengchang** ( Chinese    ; 1911 - 6 Oktoba 2006) wani mai fassara ne kuma marubuci ɗan ƙasar Sin wanda ya lashe kyautar adabi ta Lu Xun a shekarar 1995, kyautar adabi mai daraja a ƙasar Sin.

Ya kasance sananne ne saboda kasancewa daya daga cikin manyan masu fassara zuwa Sinanci na ayyukan marubucin Rasha Maxim Gorky.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Wu a Xinning County, Guangdong a cikin shekara ta 1911. Ya shiga kungiyar China League of Life-Wing Writers () a shekarar 1932.

Ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Fudan a 1935, inda ya fi dacewa da harshe da adabi.

Wu ya fara buga ayyukan a 1936.

A shekara ta 1952, Wu ta shiga kungiyar marubuta ta kasar Sin.

Wu ya mutu a Beijing a ranar 6 ga Oktoba, 2006.

## Ayyuka

* *Cikakken Ayyukan Gorky* (Maxim Gorky) () 
* *Asirin Paris* (Eugene Sue) (Asirin Baris) 
* *Amirkawa a Japan* (Amurkawa a Japan) 
* *Czechoslovakia* (Medvedev) (Thekkslovakia) 

## Kyaututtuka

* Kyautar wallafe-wallafen Lu Xun (1995) 
* Ƙungiyar Fassara ta Sinanci - Babban Mai Fassara (2004) 

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Yana da ɗa, Wu Yongguang 

## Manazarta
Xu Chi

**Xu Chi** (Sinanci: 徐迟; 15 ga Oktoba 1914 - 22 ga Disamba 1996) marubuci ne na kasar Sin. Wani mawaki na zamani kuma marubuci a farkon rayuwarsa, daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida kuma ya mai da hankali kan rahoto. Ya zama sananne a kasar Sin saboda tarihin rayuwar masanin lissafi Chen Jingrun (Goldbach's Conjecture) da masanin ilimin ƙasa Li Siguang (The Light of Geology). An kafa kyautar Xu Chi Reportage , babbar lambar yabo ta kasar Sin don wallafe-wallafen rahoto, a cikin 2002 a cikin ƙwaƙwalwarsa.

An haifi Xu a ranar 15 ga Oktoba 1914 a Nanxun, Zhejiang, Jamhuriyar Sin.  Sunansa na asali shine **Xu Shangshou** (徐商寿). Ya zaɓi sunan alkalami Xu Chi (ma'ana "mutuwa") yayin da yake so ya rayu rayuwa ba tare da hanzari ba, kodayake daga baya ya ce bai yi nasara ba.

Xu ta yi karatu a Makarantar Littattafai ta Jami'ar Soochow . Ya fara rubuta waka a 1931, kuma ya buga ayyukansa na farko a 1934.  Lokacin da yake da shekaru 22, ya buga tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, A Twenty-Year-Old (二十歲). Waƙoƙinsa na farko sun rinjayi zamani na Yammacin Turai. Farawa a 1936, ya rubuta litattafai, waɗanda daga baya aka buga su a cikin tarin biyu. Ernest Hemingway ne ya rinjaye su.

## Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin ta Farko
Bayan kafa Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin a 1949, Xu ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida ga People's Daily. Ya ziyarci fagen yaƙi na Yaƙin Koriya sau biyu da wuraren gini na Anshan Steel da Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge sau da yawa. Ya wallafa waƙoƙi da tarin rubutun da yawa a wannan lokacin, gami da War, Peace, Progress da Songs of the Republic . Daga 1957 zuwa 1960, ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin babban edita na *Shi Kan* (诗刊), babbar mujallar waka ta kasar Sin.

## Bayan juyin juya halin al'adu
Bayan karshen Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu (1966-1976), lokacin da masu ilimi da masana kimiyya da yawa suka tsananta musu kuma suka kashe su, Xu ya rubuta The Light of Geology (地质之光), yana nuna gudummawar masanin ilimin ƙasa Li Siguang. Ba da daɗewa ba, ya rubuta Goldbach's Conjecture (哥德巴赫猜想), tarihin masanin lissafi Chen Jingrun, wanda ya tabbatar da Ka'idar Chen duk da cewa an tsananta masa a lokacin juyin juya halin al'adu. An fara buga shi a cikin People's Literature a watan Janairun 1978, an sake buga shi a People's Daily wata daya bayan haka kuma ya zama abin mamaki na kasa. Chen Jingrun ya zama sunan gida a kasar Sin kuma ya karbi jakar wasikun soyayya daga ko'ina cikin kasar cikin watanni biyu.

## Manazarta
Xu Huaizhong

**Xu Huaizhong** (Sinanci: 徐怀中; 29 Satumba 1929-13 Janairu 2023) marubuci ne na kasar Sin. An fi saninsa da littafinsa That Which Can't Be Washed Away wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta 10th Mao Dun Literature Prize (2019), daya daga cikin manyan kyaututtuka na wallafe-wallafen a kasar Sin.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi **Xu Huaizhong** (许怀中) a Handan, Hebei, a ranar 29 ga Satumba, 1929. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 12, ya tafi makaranta a yankin da ke adawa da Jafananci na Taihang Mountains . Bayan makarantar sakandare a shekara ta 1945, ya shiga rundunar 'yancin jama'a, inda yake kula da fasaha da farfaganda. Ya shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta kasar Sin a shekara mai zuwa. A cikin 1950 ya kasance mai bincike a Kungiyar Ayyukan Al'adu ta Sashen Siyasa na Yankin Soja na Kudu maso Yamma. Ya fara buga ayyukansa a shekara ta 1954, lokacin da ya buga littafinsa na farko The Rainbow on the Earth . Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin a Sashen Al'adu na Sashen Siyasa na Sojojin Kunming a shekarar 1955. A shekara ta 1956, an buga littafinsa na farko, We Sow Love. A shekara ta 1958, ya yi aiki a matsayin editan kari na *PLA Daily* . A shekara ta 1973 an kara shi zuwa mataimakin darakta na Ma'aikatar Al'adu ta Gundumar Soja ta Kunming. Bayan Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu a shekara ta 1978, ya zama marubuci a gidan fina-finai na farko na watan Agusta kuma daga baya a matsayin darektan Sashen Littattafai na Kwalejin Fasaha ta Sojojin 'Yancin Jama'a da kuma darektan Ma'aikatar Al'adu ta Sojoji Janar Sashen Siyasa. An ba shi matsayin Manjo Janar (Shaojiang) a shekarar 1988.

## Ayyuka

** Fassarar Turanci: Abin da ba za a iya wankewa ba. Yuan ne ya fassara shi, Haiwang; Spence, Will. Horsham: Littattafan Sinoist. 2023. ISBN .&nbsp;

## Kyaututtuka

* 1983 *Labari a kan Hanyar Yamma* ya lashe lambar yabo ta Kasa don Kyakkyawan Ƙididdigar Labari
* 2014 Bottom Color ya lashe lambar yabo ta shida ta Lu Xun Literature Award
* 2019 Wanda ba za a iya wanke shi ba ya lashe lambar yabo ta 10 ta Mao Dun Literature Prize 

## Manazarta
Jessica Durlacher

**Jessica Durlacher** (  ; an haife shi a ranar 6 ga Satumba 1961) ƙwararren mai sukar adabi ne, marubuci kuma marubuci.

Mahaifinta masanin zamantakewa ne kuma marubuci Gerhard Durlacher, wanda ya tsira daga sansanin tsare-tsare na Auschwitz . Tana da aure da marubuci Leon de Winter kuma suna da 'ya'ya biyu, Moos da Moon (Solomonica). 

Jessica Durlacher ta rubuta sharhin littattafai da ginshiƙai ga mujallu da dama, kamar Vrij Nederland .

Ta fara fitowa a matsayin marubuciya a shekarar 1997 tare da Het Geweten ( The Conscience ), sannan ta biyo baya da De Dochter ( The Daughter ) a shekarar 2000. Labarun biyu sun yi magana ne game da yaran da suka tsira daga kisan kiyashi . Littafinta na uku, Emoticon, an buga shi a shekarar 2004. Labarin ya yi daidai da tarihin rikicin Isra'ila da Falasdinu . An fassara littattafanta zuwa Jamusanci, Yaren mutanen Sweden, Rashanci da Italiyanci.

A kaka ta 2005, ta kasance farfesa tare da Johan Snapper da Leon de Winter, a Berkeley, a wani kwas mai taken *[[Anne Frank]] and After,* inda ta mayar da hankali kan adabi da fina-finai na Holocaust na Holland, da kuma ci gaban addini da siyasa na baya-bayan nan a Netherlands. 

## Littattafan tarihi

* *Het geweten* (1998) 
* *De dochter* (2000)
* *Op scherp* (2001)
* *Nieuwbouw* (2004)
* *Emoticon* (2004)
* *Schrijvers!* (2005)

## Manazarta
Xu Xingye

**Xu Xingye** ( simplified Chinese; 1917 - 1990) marubuci ne na ƙasar Sin. Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukansa, *Broken Golden Bowl*, ya lashe kyautar adabi ta Mao Dun, wata babbar kyautar adabi a ƙasar Sin. 

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Xu a Shaoxing, Zhejiang a shekara ta 1917.  Ya kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Wuxi na Al'adun gargajiya na kasar Sin () a shekarar 1937. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi aiki a Shanghai.

Xu ya fara buga ayyukan a shekarar 1980. Ya mutu a Shanghai a shekarar 1990.

## Ayyuka

### Littattafai

* Broken Golden Bowl

## Kyaututtuka

* Broken Golden Bowl - Kyautar wallafe-wallafen Mao Dun ta 3 (1991) 

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Xu ta auri Zhou Yunqin, mahaifinta Zhou Zongliang (), wani attajiri ne a Shanghai. Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu, Xu Yuanzhang () da Xu Yuanjian ().

## Manazarta
Jack Baker Jr.

**John Edward Baker** (9 ga Disamba 1891 - 18 ga Janairu 1952) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Australiya wanda ya buga wasa da Geelong a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Victorian (VFL). [1]

## Manazarta

* Jack Baker Jr.'s playing statistics from AFL Tables
* Jack Baker Jr. at AustralianFootball.com
Yan Lianke

**Yan Lianke** (Chinese; an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1958) marubuci ne na kasar Sin na litattafai da gajerun labaru da ke zaune a Beijing . Ayyukansa suna da matukar satirical, wanda ya haifar da dakatar da wasu sanannun ayyukansa a kasar Sin. Ya yarda da tantance kansa yayin da yake rubuta labarinsa don kauce wa tantancewa.

Yan ya lashe Kyautar Franz Kafka a shekarar 2014 kuma an sanya shi cikin jerin sunayen Man Booker International Prize sau biyu. An bayyana salon sa a matsayin gwaji da kuma surreal, ta amfani da "mythorealism" da aka bayyana kansa.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Yan Lianke a shekara ta 1958 : 6 a cikin iyalin manoma a Lardin Henan.  Ko da yake yana zaune a Beijing, ya ce zuciyarsa ta kasance a Henan, kuma ya kafa ayyuka da yawa akan rayuwa a Henan. Ya shiga soja a shekarar 1978. Ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Henan a shekarar 1985 tare da digiri a siyasa da ilimi. A shekara ta 1991, ya kammala karatu daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Sojojin 'Yancin Jama'a tare da digiri a fannin adabi.

## Ayyukan wallafe-wallafen

### Labari ne
Ya buga gajeren labarinsa na farko a shekarar 1979. Ya wallafa litattafai 14 da kuma gajerun labaru sama da 40.

Rubuce-rubucensa na farko galibi sune Realist da ke da tasiri sosai daga karni na 19 Realism. Amma zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1990s salon sa ya nuna babban canji. Ayyukansa na gaba sun fi cike da tunanin daji da misalai masu ban sha'awa. Wani lokaci irin tatsuniyoyinsa masu ban mamaki sau da yawa alamun kwatanci ne na yanayin ɗan adam.

Rubuce-rubucen Yan sun yi wa kasar Sin ta zamanin Mao da matsayinta na akidar.

### Rubuce-rubuce
Ayyukan Yan na ayyukan kirkirar sun haɗa da ba kawai fiction ba, har ma da wasu rubutun lyrical waɗanda suka karanta sabanin fiction dinsa. Duk da yake almara ta kasance mai mahimmanci na zamani, tunani mai kyau da kuma motsawa mai mahimmanci, rubutun sa suna da kyawawan halaye na rubutun Sinanci wanda ya zo a fadin a matsayin mai tawali'u, lyrical, kuma yana nuna ƙwarewa sosai.

## Manazarta
Martin Yan

**Martin Yan Man-daat** (Chinese; Cantonese Yale: ; an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1948) shi ne mai dafa abinci kuma Marubucin abinci na Hong Kong-Amurka. Ya dauki bakuncin wasan kwaikwayo na PBS-TV wanda ya lashe lambar yabo *Yan Can Cook* tun 1982.

## Shekaru na farko da ilimi
Tare da asalin kakanninmu a Hoiping, an haifi Yan a Guangzhou, Guangdong, China ga mahaifin mai cin abinci da mahaifiyar mai sayarwa. Yan ya fara dafa abinci yana da shekara 12. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 13, ya koma Hong Kong, inda ya halarci Kwalejin Munsang a Birnin Kowloon . A wannan lokacin a Kwalejin Munsang, ya yi aiki a gidan cin abinci na kasar Sin na kawunsa kuma ya koyi hanyar gargajiya ta barbecue na kasar Sin. Ya sami difloma daga Cibiyar Ciniki ta kasashen waje ta Hong Kong sannan daga baya ya tafi Kanada don ci gaba da karatu. Shekaru goma bayan isowarsa a Arewacin Amurka, Yan ya sami digiri na Master of Science a kimiyyar abinci daga Jami'ar California, Davis, a 1975.

Ba shi da alaƙa da mai dafa abinci na kasar Sin-Kanada Stephen Yan na *[[Wok With Yan|Wok Tare da Yan]]*, kodayake na shekara guda a cikin shekarun 1970s, Martin Yan ya yi aiki ga Stephen Yan wanda ya horar da shi a matsayin daya daga cikin 'Flying Squad' na Stephen Yan na masu dafa abinci shida waɗanda suka tashi a fadin Kanada don yin zanga-zangar dafa abinci na Sinanci don abubuwan da suka faru kamar Calgary Stampede, Klondike Days a Edmonton da zanga-zambe na kayan gida a shagunan Hudson's Bay Company.

## Ayyuka
Yan ya fara koyar da dafa abinci na kasar Sin don shirin fadada kwaleji. Yayinda yake a Calgary yana taimaka wa aboki ya buɗe gidan cin abinci ya bayyana a cikin wani jawabi a kan CFAC-TV (yanzu CICT-DT) don yin wani sashi na dafa abinci wanda ya haifar da tambayarsa akai-akai. Wannan ya haifar da fitowar yau da kullun 250 na jerin *Yan Can* na asali da aka samar da su daga CFAC na tsawon shekaru hudu har sai da suka koma KQED a San Francisco a 1982 suka zama *Yan Can Cook*.

Ya dauki bakuncin shirye-shirye sama da 3,500 na wasan kwaikwayo na PBS *Yan Can Cook* tun 1982. An watsa shirye-shiryensa a cikin kasashe sama da 50. A halin yanzu yana karbar bakuncin Martin Yan - Quick & Easy . Ya kuma dauki bakuncin Chinatowns na Martin Yan, inda ya zagaya Chinatowns a duniya, da kuma Martin Yan's Hidden China .

## Manazarta
Yan Xuetong

**Yan Xuetong** ( Chinese    ; an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Disamba, 1952) masanin kimiyyar siyasa ne na ƙasar Sin kuma yana aiki a matsayin farfesa kuma shugaban Cibiyar Hulɗar Ƙasashen Duniya a Jami'ar Tsinghua . Yan yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan mutanen ƙasar Sin a nazarin dangantakar ƙasa da ƙasa (IR). Shi ne wanda ya kafa 'gaskiya ta ɗabi'a', wani tsari na ka'idar neoclassical realism a cikin ka'idar IR . Ka'idarsa ta halayya ta halayya ta dogara ne akan ƙaddarar siyasa.

A shekara ta 2008, an lasafta shi a matsayin daya daga cikin Top 100 Global Thinkers ta duniya ta hanyar *Manufofin Kasashen Waje*. Shi ne kawai masanin kimiyyar siyasa da aka lissafa a matsayin Masana Bincike na kasar Sin da aka fi ambaton ta Elsevier a lokacin 2014-2017.

## Ilimi
Yan ya sami B.A. a Turanci daga Jami'ar Heilongjiang (1982), MA a siyasar kasa da kasa daga Cibiyar Harkokin Kasashen Duniya, Beijing (1986),  da Ph.D. a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'an California, Berkeley (1992).

Yan ya yi karatu tare da manyan mutane na Makarantar Realist ta dangantakar kasa da kasa, gami da Kenneth Waltz . 

## Ayyuka
Yan ya yi aiki sama da shekaru ashirin a Cibiyar Harkokin Kasashen Duniya ta zamani ta kasar Sin.  Ya yi aiki na shekaru da yawa a Jami'ar Tsinghua, ciki har da a matsayin Dean na Cibiyar Harkokin Kasashen Duniya. 

Ya zuwa akalla 2025, Yan shine babban sakatare na Taron Zaman Lafiya na Duniya wanda Jami'ar Tsinghua ta gudanar, wanda shine ɗayan mahimman taron alaƙar ƙasashen duniya na kasar Sin. 

## Manazarta
Mac Armstrong

**McKay John Armstrong** (17 Satumba 1869 - 4 Yuli 1913) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Australiya wanda ya buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Geelong wasa a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Victorian (VFL).[1]

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Mac Armstrong's playing statistics from AFL Tables
* Mac Armstrong at AustralianFootball.com
Yang Zhensheng

**Yang Zhensheng** ( Chinese    ; 24 Nuwamba 1890 - 7 Maris 1956)  malami ne kuma marubuci ɗan ƙasar Sin daga Gundumar Penglai da ke Lardin Shandong. A shekarar 1919, Yang da wasu ɗaliban Jami'ar Peking (Beida) 31 sun shiga zanga-zangar Tiananmen Square ta 1919. 'Yan sanda sun kama su saboda zanga-zangar a wajen gidan Cao Rulin, ministan sadarwa kuma babban mai magana da yawun muradun mulkin mallaka na Japan a gwamnatin China; an daure Yang da sauran ɗaliban na tsawon kwana uku. An ɗauke Yang a matsayin "mai tsattsauran ra'ayi" a sashen adabi na Beida kuma ya tayar da hankalin farfesoshinsa ta hanyar sukar al'adun Sinawa sosai. Ya ci gaba da karatun ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da ɗabi'a a Jami'ar Columbia.

Yang da sauran ɗalibai daga Beida sun kafa abin da zai zama New Tide Society (新潮社;  ), wata ƙungiyar karatu da mujalla da ɗalibai suka shirya, wadda aka buga a matakin da ɗaliban da suka kammala karatun sakandare za su iya samu.  Yang ta buga a ƙarƙashin sunan Jinfu (今甫).  A cikin *New Tide*, Yang ta buga labarin *"* The Virgin", game da wata yarinya 'yar shekara goma sha tara da aka tilasta mata auren wani mutum-mutumin yumɓu na mijinta, wanda ya mutu bayan iyayensu sun shirya auren, wanda daga ƙarshe ya rataye kansa a ɗakin aure. 

Baya ga rubuce-rubucensa, Yang ya yi nasara a matsayinsa na malami kuma ya zama shugaban sashen Sin bayan sake tsara Jami'ar Beijing. Shi ne shugaban Jami'ar Ƙasa ta Qingdao (wanda yanzu wani ɓangare ne na Jami'ar Shandong ) daga Yuni 1930 zuwa 1932, wanda Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Gwamnatin Ƙasa ta naɗa a Nanjing, wadda ke da nufin gina Qingdao a matsayin sabuwar cibiyar ilmantarwa a jamhuriya.  Shi ne shugaban jami'ar na uku kuma ya kula da gyaran kwafi, a kowane mataki, na littattafan harshen makaranta. A lokacin da yake shugaban ƙasa, ya ɗauki mawallafi Shen Congwen aiki a matsayin malami a kan sabbin adabi. 

A shekara ta 1946, Shen, Yang, da Feng Zhi sun kafa ƙarin wallafe-wallafen mako-mako ga *Ta Kung Pao* a Tianjin .  Yang farfesa ne a Jami'ar Peking tun daga 1945 kuma ya ci gaba da aiki a siyasa a Changchun 1949. Ya mutu a shekara ta 1956 daga rashin lafiya.

## Manazarta
Yao Xueyin

**Mmēao Xueyin** ( Chinese    ; 10 ga Oktoba 1910 - 29 ga Afrilu 1999) marubuci ne na ƙasar Sin wanda memba ne na ƙungiyar marubutan Sin .  Yao memba ne na kwamitin ƙasa na 5, 6, da 7 na taron ba da shawara kan siyasa na jama'ar Sin.   Yao ya yi amfani da dukiyarsa bayan mutuwarsa don kafa kyautar labari ta tarihi ta Yao Xueyin ().

An haifi Yao a cikin dangin mai gida a Dengzhou, Henan a cikin 1910. A cikin 1930, an kori Yao saboda shiga cikin ƙungiyar ɗalibai daga Jami'ar Henan. A cikin 1940s, Yao ya fara rubuta littafin *Li Zicheng.*

A cikin shekarun 1950. Yao ya yi aiki a Wuhan, kuma ba da daɗewa ba ya koyar a Jami'ar Tsakiyar China. A shekara ta 1957, gwamnati ta lakafta Yao a matsayin mai adawa kuma an tura shi gona don aiki. A shekara ta 1961, Mao Zedong ya sake farfado da shi, kuma ya koma Wuhan.

A cikin 1963, Yao ya buga littafinsa *Li Zicheng* Volume 1 ta gidan wallafe-wallafen matasa na kasar Sin ().

A lokacin Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu, an yi tir da littafinsa *Li Zicheng* a matsayin "babban ciyawa mai guba". Red Guards ne suka kai masa hari, amma Mao Zedong ya kare shi daga cutar jiki.

A shekara ta 1977, Yao ya buga littafinsa *Li Zicheng* Volume 2, wanda ya ba shi lambar yabo ta Mao Dun Literature Prize a karo na farko, babbar lambar yabo ta wallafe-wallafen a kasar Sin.

A shekara ta 1999, Yao ya mutu a asibitin Fuxing na Beijing (Beijing复兴 asibitin).

## Rayuwa ta mutum
A lokacin da yake da shekaru 21, Yao ya auri Wang Meicai (). Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya maza uku da mace daya).

## Manazarta
Kai Shengtao

Ye Shengtao (28 ga Oktoba 1894 - 16 ga Fabrairu 1988) wanda aka fi sani da Ye Shaojun, marubuci ne na kasar Sin, ɗan jarida, malami, mai bugawa kuma ɗan siyasa. Ya kasance wanda ya kafa kungiyar Nazarin Littattafai (), ƙungiyar wallafe-wallafen farko a lokacin Motsi na Hudu na Mayu a China. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Ministan Al'adu na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Ye a ranar 28 ga Oktoba 1894 a Wu County, lardin Jiangsu . Sunansa a lokacin haihuwa shine **Ye Shaojun** (葉紹ń), kuma sunansa na girmamawa shine Bingchen (). Mahaifinsa ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da littattafai ga mai gida kuma sun rayu rayuwa mai sauƙi. Lokacin da yake dan shekara shida, ya shiga makarantar da ba ta da kyau don karatun firamare. Sau da yawa yakan bi mahaifinsa zuwa aiki. Ya yi tafiya a kusa da birni kuma ya fuskanci rayuwar matalauta.

## Ayyuka
A karkashin tasirin May Fourth Movement a cikin 1919 wanda aka fi sani da Sabon Al'adu Movement, Ya ba da kansa a cikin aikinsa na wallafe-wallafen. Ya shiga cikin ƙungiyar ɗalibai da ake kira 'Xinchao She' ("New Tide Society" 新潮社 1919-1920) na Jami'ar Peking, kuma ya fara buga fictions, waƙoƙi, rubutu, sukar adabi da rubutun wasan kwaikwayo da sauransu. Ya kuma kasance edita a cikin PuShe (Zia社, 1923). A cikin 1921, Ye, Mao Dun da Zheng Zhenduo sun kafa ƙungiyar adabi ta farko ta Sabon Yunkurin Littattafai, "Wenxue Yanjiu Hui", (文學研究會 "Hadin gwiwar Nazarin Littattafai"), suna ba da shawarar fasahar gaskiya amma suna ƙin ka'idar "Art shine don Fasaha".

## Ƙarin karantawa

## Haɗin waje

* Ye Shengtao Research Association of China (a cikin Sinanci) (an adana 2004) (葉聖陶 research會) 
* Littafin Ye Shengtao (a cikin Sinanci)
* Ye Shengtao da Ni Huanzhi (a cikin Sinanci) (an adana su 2004) 
* The Celebrities and Commercial Press (an adana shi a shekara ta 2003)
* A cikin Tunawa da Mr.Ye Shengtao (a cikin Sinanci) (an adana shi a shekara ta 2004) (tunanin mutuwar葉聖陶先生 a shekara goma sha shida) 
* Ye Shengtao da Jama'ar Ilimi (an adana su 2005)
* Ye Shengtao: Shugaban kwamitin tsakiya na kungiyar China don inganta dimokuradiyya
Ye Zhaoyan

**Ye Zhaoyan** (an haife shi a watan Yulin shekara ta 1957) marubuci ne na kasar Sin wanda ke zaune a Nanjing . Yawancin littattafansa an fassara su cikin Turanci da sauran harsuna.

Kakan mahaifinsa Ye Shengtao yana daya daga cikin manyan malamai na kasar Sin, kuma mahaifiyarsa Yao Cheng sanannen 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Wuxi.

## Ayyukan da aka fassara zuwa Turanci

A Flower's Shade shine tushen fim din Chen Kaige na 1996 Temptress Moon,  kodayake ba a ba Ye kyauta a cikin fim din ba.

## Manazarta
Countess Eloise na Orange-Nassau

**Countess Eloise ta Orange-Nassau, Jonkvrouwe van Amsberg** (Eloise Beatrix Sophie Laurence; an haife ta a ranar 8 ga Yuni 2002), a kafofin watsa labarai galibi ana yi mata lakabi da **Eloise van Oranje**,    ita ce 'ya ta farko kuma 'yar Yarima Constantijn da Gimbiya Laurentien ta Netherlands . Ita ce jika ta farko ta Sarauniya Beatrix da Yarima Claus na Netherlands . Ita memba ce ta dangin sarautar Holland kuma a halin yanzu ta biyar a layin gadon sarautar Holland . 

## Rayuwa
An haifi Countess Eloise a Asibitin HMC Bronovo da ke Hague .

An yi wa Countess Eloise baftisma a cikin cocin Het Loo Palace da ke Apeldoorn a ranar 15 ga Disamba, 2002. Iyayenta su ne kawunta na uba, Yarima Friso, ɗan uwan mahaifinta na farko , Gimbiya Carolina, Marchioness of Sala, Yarima Mai Jiran Gado na Norway da Sophie van de Wow. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

A shekarar 2021, ta rubuta wani littafi mai suna ''Learning by Doing'', game da gogewarta ta rabawa a shafukan sada zumunta. Wannan littafin yana magana ne game da salo, karatu, rayuwar gida, kayan kwalliya, girke-girke da shawarwari kan amincewa da kai. Ta fito a wani shiri na talabijin na shekarar 2024 mai ''suna The Masked Singer'' . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

Tana da asusun Instagram na jama'a tare da mabiya sama da 400,000. Ita ma mai ƙirƙirar abun ciki ne a TikTok, kuma tana tara kuɗi ga mutanen da ke yankin Gaza ta amfani da dandamalin. 

A watan Disamba na 2024, an yi wa gidanta da ke Amsterdam sata. 

## Salo, lakabi da sunaye
Ta hanyar Dokar Sarauta ta ranar 11 ga Mayu 2001, lamba 227, an ƙaddara cewa dukkan yara da zuriyar Yarima Constantijn na Netherlands za su ɗauki taken Count(ess) na Orange-Nassau (mai matsayi na sarauta) da kuma Jonkheer (Jonkvrouwe) van Amsberg mai salon "His/Her Highborn Lord/Lady" kuma suna da sunan mahaifi Van Oranje-Nassau van Amsberg .

Bayan murabus ɗin Sarauniya Beatrix, wanda ya faru a ranar 30 ga Afrilu 2013, 'ya'yan Yarima Constantijn da Gimbiya Laurentien sun daina zama membobin gidan sarauta, duk da cewa suna ci gaba da kasancewa membobin gidan sarauta. 

## Manazarta
Ye Yonglie

Ye ya rubuta wani ɗan gajeren labari mai suna Ba Jin's Dream, wanda ke tunanin ƙoƙari na haɓaka shawarar Ba Jin don gidan kayan gargajiya na juyin juya halin al'adu. A cikin labarin almara, Ye ya nuna kansa a matsayin sakatare na Shanghai Museum Society wanda ya kafa kwamiti don tsara gidan kayan gargajiya.  Bayan yunkurin Kafkaesque don samun amincewar gwamnati, gajeren labarin ya ƙare tare da kwamitin yana dariya da baƙin ciki game da mafarkin da ya gaza.

## Manazarta
Gareth Andrews

**Gareth Andrews** (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga Disamba 1946) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Australiya wanda ya buga wa Geelong da Richmond wasa a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Victorian (VFL), wadda yanzu ita ce gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Australia (AFL).

Andrews ya halarci Kwalejin Geelong ; kuma, a matsayinsa na ɗan makaranta, yana da kyakkyawan sakamako amma salon bugun ƙwallo mara kyau. Ya yi kyakkyawan kakar wasa ta farko a Cats, inda ya zura ƙwallon da ta ba shi nasara a wasansa na farko kuma ya fi zura ƙwallo a raga a shekarar da kwallaye 35. Ya shafe mafi yawan kakar wasa a matsayin ɗan gaba gaba saboda raunin da Doug Wade ya samu kuma wannan shine lokaci ɗaya tilo daga 1961 zuwa 1972 da wani banda Wade ya ci ƙwallon Geelong.

Lokacin da Wade ya dawo, an mayar da Andrews zuwa tsakiya a tsakiya, inda ya koma ruck-rover sannan kuma tsakiya a tsakiya daga baya a rayuwarsa. Andrews ya ci gaba da buga wasan ƙarshe a lokacin da yake tare da Geelong kuma mafi kusancin da ya samu zuwa gasar Premier da Geelong Cats shine lokacin da yake memba na ƙungiyar Grand Final ta 1967 wadda ta rage wa kulob ɗinsa na gaba Richmond maki tara.

Andrews bai buga wasa kwata-kwata ba a shekarar 1971 yayin da yake tafiya ƙasashen waje. Bayan ya dawo, ya sake buga wasanni biyu da rabi tare da Geelong kafin ya tsallaka zuwa Richmond a shekarar 1974. Wannan ya ba shi damar buga gasar Premier, kasancewarsa memba na ƙungiyar Richmond da ta lashe gasar Grand Final a shekarar 1974.

Andrews shi ne wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta VFL (wanda yanzu ake kira AFLPA ) a farkon shekarun 1970 kuma ya zama shugabanta na biyu.

Bayan aikinsa na wasa, Andrews ya ci gaba da zama a AFL Football, da farko a matsayin Manajan Kwallon Kafa sannan kuma Shugaba na Richmond Football Club a 1978 zuwa farkon 1979. Daga nan ya yi aiki a ABC Radio da Television daga 1980-1989 har da, ciki har da lokacin da yake mai gabatar da shirin ABC National TV *The Winners* a 1986. Andrews ya zama "The Analyst" na  daga 1990-1998 har da, ƙwararre a fannin rubuce-rubucen ƙwallon ƙafa tare da wasu labarai na lokaci-lokaci.

## Manazarta
Yu Huang (masanin kimiyya)

**Yu Huang** masanin kimiyyar kasar Sin ne kuma dan Amurka wanda bincikensa ya hada da ci gaban dabarun kirkirar ruwa don tarurruka masu kama da nanowires, da kuma ƙirar abubuwan haɓaka don sel mai. Ita farfesa ce a Sashen Kimiyya da Injiniya na Kayayyaki a Jami'ar California, Los Angeles, inda take riƙe da Traugott da Dorothea Frederking Endowed Chair.  

## Ilimi da aiki
Huang ta fito ne daga Fuzhou, inda ta kasance daliba a Makarantar Sakandare ta Fuzhou Gezhi. Ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar *Kimiyya* da Fasaha ta kasar Sin a 1999 tare da digiri na farko a ilmin sunadarai, kuma ta ci gaba da karatunta a Jami'ar Harvard, inda ta sami digiri na biyu a 2002 kuma ta kammala Ph.D. a 2003. Rubutun digirin digirinsa, Integrated nanoscale electronics and optoelectronics: Binciken kimiyyar nanoscale da fasaha ta hanyar nanowires na semiconductor, Charles M. Lieber ne ya kula da shi. Ya bayar da rahoto game da bincike kan ƙirƙirar da'irorin nanoscale wanda aka yi alama a matsayin wani ɓangare na "ci gaba na shekara" na 2001 a cikin nanoelectronics ta Kimiyya.

## Sanarwa
A shekara ta 2008 ta sami lambar yabo ta Farko ta Shugaban kasa ga Masana kimiyya da Injiniyoyi. Ita ce mai karɓar lambar yabo ta Carol Tyler ta 2017 na Cibiyar Nazarin Ƙananan Ƙasa ta Duniya,  kuma a cikin 2023 ɗaya daga cikin masu karɓar lambar ƙwarewar Eni Energy Transition Award, wanda kamfanin Eni na Italiya ya kafa. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin uku da suka karɓi Kyautar Makamashi ta Duniya ta 2025, kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta lashe kyautar.

Ƙungiyoyin masu bincike na UCLA da Huang ke jagoranta sune masu karɓar Kyautar Royal Society of Chemistry Faraday Horizon ta 2024 "don ci gaban microscopy na jigilar lantarki don gwaji ƙayyade hydronium pKa na platinum da rawar da yake takawa a cikin halayen juyin halitta na hydrogen mai dogara da pH",  da kuma Kyautar Royal Company of Chemistory Materials Chemistry Horizon (Stephanie L. Kwolek Prize) "don ci gaba da fina-finai masu laushi na van Waals tare da aikin lantarki mai girma, shimfiɗa, da kuma iyawa.

An zabi Huang a matsayin Fellow na Kungiyar Binciken Kayan aiki a cikin 2017 kuma a matsayin Fellow na Royal Society of Chemistry a cikin 2018.

## Manazarta
Sam Brockwell

**Frederick Leopold Samuel Brockwell** (4 ga Fabrairu 1871 - 12 ga Fabrairu 1945) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Australiya wanda ya buga wasa da Geelong da South Melbourne a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Victorian (VFL).[1]

## Duba kuma

* Haruffan 'Yan Wasan Kwallon Kafa

## Bayanan kula

## Manazarta

* 'Mai Bibiya', "Haruffan 'Yan Wasan Kwallo", ''Jagoran'', (Asabar, 23 ga Yuli 1898), shafi na 17.
*
Zhang Chengzhi

**Zhang Chengzhi** (Xiao'erjing: جْا چْع جِ, an haife shi 10 Satumba 1948) marubuci ne na zamani na kasar Sin. Sau da yawa ana kiransa a matsayin marubucin Musulmi mafi tasiri a kasar Sin, tarihin tarihinsa na *Tarihin Rai*, game da tashiwar Jahriyya () tsari na Hui, shine littafi na biyu mafi mashahuri a kasar Sin a shekarar 1994.

An haifi Zhang a birnin Beijing a shekarar 1948 ga iyayen Hui 'yan asalin Shandong .  Duk da cewa asalinsa Musulmi ne, an rene shi a matsayin wanda bai yarda da Allah ba. Ya kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Jami'ar Tsinghua a shekarar 1967, a lokacin da juyin juya halin al'adu ya kai kololuwa. A cewar *[[People's Daily|jaridar People's Daily]]*, Zhang shi ne mutum na farko da ya kira kansa " Jaren Tsaro "; ya yi amfani da shi a matsayin sunan alkalami a lokacin da yake ɗalibi. Sannan a ranar 29 ga Mayu, 1966, makonni biyu kacal bayan da jaridar *People's Daily* ta sanar da fara juyin juya halin al'adu, Zhang ya shawo kan wasu ɗaliban manyan makarantu goma su yi amfani da sunan gama gari "Jaren Tsaron Mao Zedong" ban da sa hannunsu na mutum ɗaya lokacin da suka sanya hannu kan wani babban fosta da ke sukar jami'an makarantarsu; kwana uku bayan haka, sun fitar da wani babban fosta a ƙarƙashin wannan sunan gama gari, mai taken "Dole ne Mu Gudanar da Babban Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu na Proletarian zuwa Ƙarshensa", tare da sa hannu sama da ɗari. Ba da daɗewa ba, ɗalibai daga ko'ina cikin Beijing suka fara kiran kansu "Jaren Tsaron". 

## Ayyukan wallafe-wallafen
Sau da yawa ana gano Zhang a matsayin wakilin abin da ake kira *xungen* movement ("neman tushen"), duk da gaskiyar cewa shi da kansa ya watsar da dukan ra'ayi na xungen. Ayyukansa akai-akai suna shafar jigogi na shahadar, al'ada ta har abada, da juriya ga jari-hujja da rayuwar birni. Ba kamar sauran marubutan da suka rayu ta hanyar juyin juya halin al'adu ba kuma sun yi nadama game da rikice-rikicen da ya haifar a rayuwarsu, har ma da ayyukan farko na Zhang kamar Rivers of the North da *Black Steed* suna nuna matakin manufa game da lokacinsa a matsayin Red Guard, kuma a bayyane yake nuna sha'awarsa na karyata tunanin wallafe-wallafen scar. Binciken tasirin Zhang a kan wallafe-wallafen Sinanci da tunani ya bambanta sosai. Zhu Xueqin ya nuna sha'awarsa ga Zhang don "ya watsar da tsohuwar kansa" da kuma ɗaukar "tsayin daka" don dabi'u masu kyau da kuma adawa da kabilanci. Dru Gladney, akasin haka, ya yi nazarin shahararren Zhang dangane da babban yanayin masu amfani da "ƙabilar ƙabilar" a cikin shekarun 1990s na kasar Sin. Wasu malamai, a kasar Sin da kasashen waje, sun ci gaba da yin hukunci mai tsanani: sun yi tir da Zhang a matsayin "xenophobic" kuma sun soki ci gaba da tallafawa Maoism har ma bayan juyowa zuwa Islama.

## Manazarta
Tessa Leuwsha

**Theresa Evelyne Leuwsha** (an haife ta a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1967)  marubuciya ce 'yar ƙasar Surinamese -Holand.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Tessa Leuwsha a Amsterdam, Netherlands a matsayin 'yar uba ɗan asalin Afro-Surinam kuma mahaifiyarta 'yar ƙasar Holland ce. Ta fara aikinta a matsayin mai kula da ƙasa a KLM .  Wata mawallafi ta roƙe ta da ta rubuta jagorar tafiya zuwa Suriname, saboda ana kyautata zaton ƙasar tana da mafi kyawun bami da roti .  Jagorar da aka fara bugawa a shekarar 1997 a matsayin *Reishandboek Suriname,* ta yi nasara. Bayan sake bugawa da yawa, an sake sanya mata suna *Wereldwijzer Suriname.*  A shekarar 1996, ta ƙaura zuwa Suriname don zama 'yar jarida mai zaman kanta tana rubutu ga *Opzij ,* *de Volkskrant ,* da *De Ware Tijd Literair* da sauransu. 

A shekara ta 2005, ta fara rubuta wakokinta na adabi tare da De Parbo-blues, wani labari na tsufa da ke ɗauke da tarihin rayuwarta: wata yarinya daga iyaye daban-daban ta tafi Suriname don gano tarihin mahaifinta wanda ya kwantar masa da hankali game da kewarsa ta hanyar kiɗa da marihuana . An karɓe De Parbo-blues sosai, kuma an zaɓe ta don kyautar ANV Debutants Award .

Leuwsha ta fara aiki a Ofishin Jakadancin Holland da ke Paramaribo,  ta ci gaba da aikinta na rubutu tare da *Solo, een liefde*,  kuma ta ba da gudummawa ga sake buga wani fim ɗin Anton de Kom mai suna *Wij slaven van Suriname* .  A shekarar 2018, ta rubuta kuma ta ba da umarni *Frits de Gids,* wani labari game da masoya da aka kama tsakanin yammacin duniya da al'adun Maroon,  wanda VPRO Cinema ta fitar.  A shekarar 2020, Leuwsha ta ba da Lakcocin Cola Debrot na shida wanda aka riga aka yi rikodin kuma aka buga a YouTube saboda annobar COVID-19 . 

A cikin littafinta *na Plantage Wildlust* na shekarar 2020, Leuwsha ba ta mayar da hankali kan rashin daidaiton da aka sani kawai kan wani gona a shekarar 1911 ba, har ma da hamayya mai zurfi tsakanin bayi 'yantattu da ma'aikatan kwangila na Indo-Surinamese, da kuma tsarin mulki mai sarkakiya tsakanin mai shi da mai kula da baƙar fata. Ganin cewa mai kula da fim ɗin ya fi wanda ya zo, ya yi tsammanin zai kula da ayyukan yau da kullun, kuma mai shi ya yi amfani da zalunci don mayar da shi matsayinsa.  Staccato Films ta sayi haƙƙin fim ɗin *Plantage Wildlust* kuma za a mayar da shi cikakken fim. 

Leuwsha tana da aure da 'ya'ya biyu. 

## Manazarta
Zhai Xiangjun

**Zhai Xiangjun** (1939 - 8 ga Yulin 2019) ya kasance mai fassara da kuma malami na kasar Sin, wanda aka fi sani da fassararsa na Gone with the Wind da litattafan Ingilishi na jami'a. Ya kasance farfesa kuma mataimakin shugaban harsunan kasashen waje a Jami'ar Fudan kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin Shugaban kungiyar masu fassara ta Shanghai.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Zhai a shekara ta 1939. Ya yi karatun Rasha a makarantar sakandare kuma yana da sha'awar wallafe-wallafen Rasha. Koyaya, lokacin da ya kammala karatu a shekara ta 1957, babu ɗayan jami'o'in kasar Sin da suka karɓi manyan ɗaliban Rasha a wannan shekarar, kuma ya ƙare ya shiga cikin shirin Ingilishi na Jami'ar Fudan, duk da cewa kusan ba shi da isasshen wannan yaren.

Bayan kammala karatunsa a 1962, Zhai ya ci gaba da karatun digiri a Fudan daga 1962 zuwa 1966. Daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa a Turanci da mataimakin shugaban harsunan kasashen waje a jami'ar. Ya fassara ayyuka da yawa daga Turanci zuwa Sinanci, ciki har da Gone with the Wind, The Moneychangers, O Crime do Padre Amaro, da The Autobiography of Mao Tse-tung as Told to Edgar Snow, da kuma gajerun labaru na Ernest Hemingway, Nathaniel Hawthorne, da Samuel Beckett.

Zhai ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban kungiyar masu fassara ta Shanghai kuma an ba shi fansho na musamman ga ƙwararrun masana daga Majalisar Jiha ta Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin 

Zhai Xiangjun ya mutu a ranar 8 ga Yulin 2019 yana da shekaru 80.  Ɗansa ya mutu, Zhai Biao.

## Manazarta