Taron Rio

**Yarjejeniyar Rio** tana da alaƙa da tarurruka uku masu zuwa, waɗanda aka amince da su a taron koli na duniya da aka gudanar a Rio de Janeiro a watan Yunin 1992.

A taron koli na duniya, an tsara tsarin yanke shawara don inganta duniyar da ke da ɗorewa ga tsararraki masu zuwa. Babban saƙon ya ƙunshi ra'ayin cewa canje-canje a cikin halayyar na iya zama tushen da ake buƙata don ci gaba zuwa ga canjin da ake so ga muhalli. Sakamakon takardun daga tattaunawar makonni biyu da tarurruka sun haɗa da: Agenda 21 (tsarin aiki mara ɗaurewa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don inganta ci gaba mai ɗorewa), Sanarwar Ƙa'idodin dazuzzuka, Sanarwar Rio kan Muhalli da Ci gaba, da kuma tarurruka masu zuwa: 

# UNFCCC, taƙaice Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi
# CBD, taƙaitaccen Yarjejeniyar kan Bambancin HalittaYarjejeniyar Biological Diversity
# UNCCD, taƙaicewar Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Yaki da Yaki

## Tarihi
Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Muhalli da Ci Gaban (UNCED), wanda aka fi sani da Taron Duniya na Rio de Janeiro, Taron Rio, Taron Río, da Taron Kasa, ya faru ne a Rio de Janeiro daga Yuni 3 zuwa 14 a shekarar 1992. Taron ba a taɓa yin hakan ba kuma an yi niyyar sake tantance ci gaban tattalin arziki don adana albarkatun kasa da kuma tattauna matsalar gurɓata. An tsara tsarin yanke shawara don inganta duniyar da ke da ɗorewa ga tsararraki masu zuwa. Babban saƙon ya ƙunshi ra'ayin cewa canje-canje a cikin halayyar na iya zama tushen da ake buƙata don ci gaba zuwa ga canjin da ake so ga muhalli. Sakamakon takardun daga tattaunawar makonni biyu da tarurruka sun haɗa da: Agenda 21 (wani shiri na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wanda ba ya ɗaurewa don inganta ci gaba mai ɗorewa), Sanarwar Ka'idodin dazuzzuka, Sanarwar Rio kan Muhalli da Ci gaba, da kuma tarurruka masu zuwa: Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Turai kan Canjin Yanayi (UNFCCC), da Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin duniya kan Yakiyar Biological Diversity (CBD). 

## Manufofin Taron Rio Uku

### Yarjejeniyar Biological Diversity (CBD)
Tare da jam'iyyun 196 da aka tabbatar, Yarjejeniyar kan Bambancin Halitta tana da niyyar kiyayewa da kare bambancin halittu, albarkatun halittu da kare rayuwa a Duniya, a matsayin wani bangare na ci gaban tattalin arziki da zamantakewa. Yin la'akari da bambancin halittu a matsayin dukiyar duniya ga tsararraki da masu zuwa da kuma yawan jama'a a duk faɗin duniya, Yarjejeniyar tana aiki don hana lalacewar jinsuna da kula da wuraren da aka kiyaye. Hakanan, CBD tana inganta amfani mai ɗorewa na abubuwan da ke cikin bambancin halittu, kuma tana aiki don kula da muhalli da tsarin ɗorewa da rarraba fa'idodi, wanda aka samo daga amfani da albarkatun kwayar halitta.

An kafa shi a ranar 29 ga Disamba, 1993, Yarjejeniyar kan Bambancin Halitta tana aiki don kula da manufofi uku masu zuwa:

# "Tsaron bambancin halittu" 
# "Amfani mai ɗorewa na abubuwan da ke cikin bambancin halittu" 
# "Rarraba amfanin da ke fitowa daga amfani da albarkatun kwayar halitta" 

CBD a halin yanzu yana bin Tsarin Dabarun Biodiversity 2011-2020 da Aichi Biodiverslity Targets,  wanda aka yi amfani da shi azaman abin hawa don kula da haɗin kai a matakan kasa. Manufarta ita ce "yi aiki mai inganci da gaggawa don dakatar da asarar halittu masu yawa don tabbatar da cewa nan da shekarar 2020, tsarin halittu yana da ƙarfi kuma yana ci gaba da samar da ayyuka masu mahimmanci, don haka tabbatar da rayuwar duniya iri-iri, da kuma ba da gudummawa ga jin daɗin ɗan adam, da kuma kawar da talauci. "

### Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi (UNFCCC)
Tare da jam'iyyun 197 da aka tabbatar, Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin yanayi ta himmatu ga manufar "[tsayar da] yawan iskar gas a cikin yanayi a matakin da zai hana haɗarin tsangwama na mutum tare da tsarin yanayi. Irin wannan matakin ya kamata a cimma shi a cikin lokacin da ya isa ya ba da damar tsarin halittu su daidaitawa da yanayi, don tabbatar da cewa ba a yi barazanar samar da abinci ba da ci gaban tattalin arziki don ci gaba da hanyar da dorewa. "  Biyan Yarjejeniyar Paris a 2015 da kuma a baya Yarjejeniyar Kyoto ta aiki a cikin Yarjejeniyar Sakatariyar ta Majalisar Dinkin duniya don kula da manufofinta don kula da Babban Yarjejeniyar ta Babban Yarjejeniya ta UNFCCC don magance aikinta.

### Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Yaki da Yaki (UNCCD)
Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Yaki da Yaki da hamada (UNCCD) tana aiki ne a matsayin yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa wacce ke danganta dorewar gudanar da ƙasa da batutuwan lalacewar ƙasa da muhalli. Daga cikin wuraren da ake la'akari da su, Yarjejeniyar tana mai da hankali kan maido da yanayin halittu da aka samu a yankunan da suka bushe. UNCCD, wanda ya kunshi jam'iyyun 197 yana aiki don ƙirƙirar "makomar da ke gujewa, ragewa, da juyar da hamada / lalacewar ƙasa da rage tasirin fari a yankunan da abin ya shafa a duk matakan".

A fannin doka, UNCCD ta himmatu ga cimma matsaya ta Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) da kuma yaki da matsalolin muhalli na hamada, lalacewar ƙasa da fari (DLDD) ta hanyar sabon tsarin dabarun 2018-2030, wanda ya dace da 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development  Wannan tsarin ya bi tsarin dabarun shekaru 10 da tsarin na 2008-2018 wanda ke da nufin kafa haɗin gwiwa na duniya wajen aiki don juyawa da rigakafin lalacewar hamada.  UNCCD tana da niyyar dawo da yawan amfanin ƙasa da aka lalata, yayin da take inganta hanyoyin rayuwa da kuma taimaka wa mutanen da ke cikin rauni saboda lalacewar muhalli. "Jam'iyyun 197 na Yarjejeniyar suna aiki tare don inganta yanayin rayuwa ga mutane a cikin busassun ƙasa, don kiyayewa da dawo da amfanin ƙasa da ƙasa, da kuma rage tasirin fari

## Manazarta