S. R. Ranganathan

**Shiyali Ramamrita Ranganathan**(sauraraⓘ 9 ga Agusta 1892 - 27 Satumba 1972) ma'aikacin laburare ne kuma masanin lissafin Indiya.Babban gudunmawar da ya bayar a fagen shine dokokinsa guda biyar na kimiyyar laburare da bunkasuwar tsarin rarrabuwar fuska na farko, wato tsarin mulkin mallaka.  Ana la'akari da shi a matsayin uban kimiyyar laburare, takardu, da kimiyyar bayanai a Indiya kuma sananne ne a duk faɗin duniya don ainihin tunaninsa a fagen.  Ana bikin ranar haihuwarsa kowace shekara a matsayin ranar Littattafai ta ƙasa a Indiya.Ya kasance ma'aikacin ɗakin karatu na jami'a kuma farfesa a kimiyyar ɗakin karatu a Jami'ar Banaras Hindu (1945-47) kuma farfesa a kimiyyar ɗakin karatu a Jami'ar Delhi (1947-55), makarantar farko ta Indiya ta ɗakin karatu don ba da digiri mafi girma.  Ya kasance shugaban Ƙungiyar Laburaren Indiya daga 1944 zuwa 1953. A cikin 1957 an zabe shi a matsayin memba na girmamawa na Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Watsa Labarai da Takaddun shaida (FID) kuma an nada shi mataimakin shugaban rayuwar Ƙungiyar Laburare ta Biritaniya. 

## Rayuwar Farko da Ilimi

An haifi Ranganathan a ranar 9 ga Agusta 1892 a Siyali, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu a cikin dangin Brahmin. Ana rubuta ranar haihuwarsa wani lokaci a matsayin 12 ga Agusta 1892 amma ya rubuta nasa ranar haihuwa kamar 9 ga Agusta 1892 a cikin littafinsa, The Five Laws of Library Science.

Ranganathan ya fara rayuwarsa ta sana'a a matsayin masanin lissafi;  ya samu B.A.  da kuma digiri na M.A a fannin lissafi daga Madras Christian College da ke jiharsa, sannan ya ci gaba da samun lasisin koyarwa a shekarar 1917..  Burinsa na tsawon rayuwarsa shine koyar da ilimin lissafi, kuma ya kasance memba na tsangayar ilimin lissafi a jami'o'i a Mangalore, Coimbatore, da Madras.  A matsayinsa na farfesan lissafi, ya buga kasidu musamman akan tarihin lissafi.  Aikinsa na malami ya ɗan samu cikas ta hanyar turmutsutsu (wahalar da ya sha a hankali a rayuwarsa ta sana'a).  Gwamnatin Indiya ta ba da kyautar Padma Shri ga Ranganathan a cikin 1957 don gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga kimiyyar ɗakin karatu. 

## Aikin Farko
A cikin 1923, Jami'ar Madras ta ƙirƙiri matsayin Ma'aikacin Laburaren Jami'a don kula da tarin su mara kyau.  Daga cikin mutane 900 da suka nemi wannan matsayi, babu wanda ya samu horo na musamman a fannin laburare, kuma ɗimbin takardu na Ranganathan sun cika buƙatun kwamitin bincike na cewa ɗan takarar ya kasance yana da bayanan bincike.  Iyakar iliminsa na aikin ɗakin karatu ya fito ne daga labarin Encyclopædia Britannica da ya karanta kwanaki kafin hirar.  Tun da farko Ranganathan ya hakura ya ci gaba da neman mukamin, kuma ya manta da bukatarsa ​​a lokacin da aka kira shi don yin hira.  Abin ya ba shi mamaki sai ya samu nadin kuma ya karbi mukamin a watan Janairun 1924.

Da farko, Ranganathan ya sami kaɗaicin matsayin ba zai iya jurewa ba.  A cikin makonni, yana korafin rashin jin daɗi, ya koma jami'ar gudanarwar jami'a don neman matsayinsa na koyarwa.  An kulla yarjejeniya inda Ranganathan zai yi tafiya zuwa Landan don yin nazarin ayyukan Yammacin Turai na zamani a cikin ɗakin karatu kuma idan ya dawo kuma har yanzu ya ƙi karatun ɗakin karatu a matsayin aiki, karatun ilimin lissafi zai sake zama nasa. 

## Aikin na Baya

Bayan shekaru ashirin na aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin laburare a Madras - mukamin da ya yi niyya ya ci gaba har sai ya yi ritaya -, Ranganathan ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa yana da shekaru 54 bayan rikici da wani sabon mataimakin shugaban jami'a.  Bayan ya yi ta fama da bakin ciki, sai ya karbi digirin digirgir a fannin kimiyyar laburare a Jami'ar Banaras Hindu da ke Varanasi, matsayinsa na karshe na ilimi, a watan Agustan 1945. A can, ya tsara tarin tarin jami'ar;  A lokacin da ya tafi bayan shekaru hudu, ya rarraba abubuwa sama da 100,000 da kansa.

Ranganathan ya jagoranci Ƙungiyar Laburaren Indiya daga 1944 zuwa 1953, amma ya bar cikin gardama lokacin da ɗakin karatu na Delhi ya zaɓi yin amfani da tsarin Rarraba Dewey Decimal maimakon nasa tsarin mulkin mallaka.  Ya gudanar da farfesa na girmamawa a Jami'ar Delhi daga 1949 zuwa 1955 kuma ya taimaka wajen gina shirye-shiryen kimiyyar ɗakin karatu na wannan cibiyar tare da Surendranath Dasgupta, tsohon ɗalibinsa.Yayin da yake Delhi, Ranganathan ya tsara wani cikakken shiri na shekaru 30 don haɓaka tsarin ingantaccen ɗakin karatu na Indiya gaba ɗaya. A cikin 1951, Ranganathan ya fitar da wani kundi akan Folkways Records mai suna, Karatu daga Ramayana: A Sanskrit Bhagavad Gita.  

## Gado da Tasiri
Ranganathan ya sadaukar da littafinsa Dokokin Kimiyyar Laburare Biyar ga mai koyar da ilimin lissafi a Kwalejin Kirista ta Madras, Edward Burns Ross.[An yi nazarin tasirin Ranganathan ta hanyar bibliometric a cikin 1992. Ranar haifuwarsa, 12 ga Agusta, an nuna ranar Librarian ta ƙasa a Indiya.

## Manazarta