Marie Marvingt

**Marie Marvingt** (20 Fabrairu 1875 - 14 Disamba 1963)  'yar wasan Faransa ce, mai hawan dutse, Mai jirgin sama, kuma ɗan jarida. Ta lashe kyaututtuka da yawa saboda nasarorin da ta samu a wasanni  ciki har da na yin iyo, keken keke, hawan dutse, wasanni na hunturu, Balloonist, tashi, hawa, wasan motsa jiki, wasanni, harbi na bindiga, da kuma katako. Ita ce mace ta farko da ta hau yawancin tsaunuka a cikin Alps na Faransa da Switzerland. Ta kasance mai fashewa da rikodin balloon, mai jirgin sama, kuma a lokacin yakin duniya na farko ta zama matukin jirgi na farko. Ta kuma kasance ƙwararriyar ma'aikaciyar jinya, ita ce ta farko da aka horar da ita kuma ta sami takardar shaidar ma'aikacin jirgin sama a duniya, kuma ta yi aiki don kafa sabis na motar asibiti a duk duniya. A cikin 1903 M. Château de Thierry de Beaumanoir  ya kira ta "mace mai haɗari," wanda jaridu suka yi amfani da shi don bayyana ta har tsawon rayuwarta. Har ila yau an haɗa shi a kan tambarin tunawa  a gaban gidan inda ta zauna a 8 Place de la Carrière, Nancy .

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Marie Félicie Élisabeth Marvingt da karfe 6:30 na yamma a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 1875, a Aurillac, prefecture na sashen Faransa na Cantal .  Mahaifinta shi ne Félix Constant Marvingt, babban mai kula da gidan waya, kuma mahaifiyarta Élisabeth Brusquin . Sun yi aure a Metz a ranar 16 ga Yuli 1861 lokacin da yake da shekaru 48 kuma tana da shekaru 32. Kafin a haifi Marie, ma'auratan sun rasa 'ya'ya maza uku a jariri.

Iyalin, ciki har da ƙaramin ɗan'uwa Eugène (an haife shi a 1878), sun zauna a Metz, a wannan lokacin wani ɓangare na Jamus, daga 1880 zuwa 1889. Lokacin da mahaifiyar Marie ta mutu a shekara ta 1889, yarinyar mai shekaru goma sha huɗu ta sami kanta a matsayin mai kula da gidan, kuma iyalin suka koma Nancy, inda ta kasance har tsawon rayuwarta.

### Nasarar wasanni
Marvingt ya zama dan wasa na duniya wanda ya lashe kyaututtuka da yawa a cikin yin iyo, shinge, bindiga, harbi, tseren kankara, tseren gudu, Luge da bobsledding. Ta kuma kasance ƙwararren mai hawan dutse kuma tsakanin 1903 da 1910 ta zama mace ta farko da ta hau mafi yawan tsaunuka a cikin Alps na Faransa da na Switzerland ciki har da  Aiguille des Grands Charmoz da Grépon Pass daga Chamonix a rana ɗaya. A shekara ta 1905  ta zama mace ta farko ta Faransa da ta yi iyo a tsawon Seine ta hanyar Paris. Jaridu sun ba ta lakabi da "ja amphibian" daga launi na tufafinta na yin iyo.

A shekara ta 1907 ta lashe gasar harbi ta soja ta kasa da kasa ta amfani da karamin soja na Faransa kuma ta zama mace daya tilo da Ministan Yakin Faransa ya ba ta lambar yabo ta Firayim Minista Tireur. Ta mamaye lokutan Wasanni na hunturu na 1908 zuwa 1910 a Chamonix, Gérardmer, da Ballon d'Alsace, inda ta sami matsayi na farko a lokuta sama da 20. A ranar 26 ga watan Janairun 1910, ta lashe kofin Léon Auscher a gasar zakarun duniya ta mata.

Ta ji daɗin keken keke kuma ta hau daga Nancy, Faransa, zuwa Naples, Italiya, don ganin fashewar dutse. A shekara ta 1908 an hana ta izinin shiga cikin Tour de France saboda tseren yana buɗewa ne kawai ga maza. Marvingt ya zaɓi ya yi amfani da hanya ko ta yaya, yana hawa wani nisa a bayan masu shiga. Ta samu nasarar kammala tafiyar da ta gajiyar, wani abin da kawai 36 daga cikin maza 114 suka gudanar a wannan shekarar. A ranar 15 ga Maris 1910 Kwalejin Wasanni ta Faransa ta ba ta lambar yabo ta zinare "don dukkan wasanni," lambar yabo ta wasanni da yawa da suka taba bayarwa.

### Nasarorin da aka samu a farkon jirgin sama

#### Ballooning
Marie Marvingt ta hau a matsayin fasinja a cikin balloon kyauta a karo na farko a cikin 1901.  A ranar 19 ga watan Yulin 1907, ta yi amfani da daya. A ranar 24 ga Satumba 1909, ta yi jirgin farko a matsayin matukin jirgi, kuma a ranar 26 ga Oktoba 1909, Marvingt ta zama mace ta farko da ta tuka balloon (The Shooting Star) a fadin Tekun Arewa daga Turai zuwa Ingila. Ta lashe kyaututtuka don ballooning a cikin 1909, 1910, da 1911.  A ranar 18 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1914, tana fafatawa a gasar Grand Prix ta 10 ta kungiyar Air Club ta Faransa, ta zama mace ta farko da ta haye Channel Channel a cikin balloon. Ta sami lasisin matukin jirgi (#145) daga Stella Aero Club a 1910, mace ta biyu da ta yi hakan (ta farko ita ce Marie Surcouf). 

#### Jirgin da ke da fuka-fuki
A watan Satumbar 1909, Marie Marvingt ta sami jirgin farko a matsayin fasinja a cikin jirgin sama wanda Roger Sommer ya tuka.[1] A cikin 1910, ta yi karatun jirgin sama mai fuka-fuki tare da Hubert Latham, abokin hamayyar Anglo-Faransa na Louis Blériot, a cikin jirgin sama na Antoinette.[2] Ta yi tuƙi, ta yi tafiya, kuma ta wuce buƙatun lasisin ta a kan Antoinette mai wahalar tashi, mace ta farko da ta yi hakan.

Marie Marvingt ta sami lasisin matukin jirgi daga Aéro-Club de France (Aero Club of France) a ranar 8 ga Nuwamba 1910.  Mai lasisi No. 281, ita ce mace ta uku ta Faransa da aka yi rajista bayan Raymonde na Laroche (No. 36) da Marthe Niel (No. 226). A cikin jiragenta na farko 900 ba ta taɓa "ƙetare itace" a cikin hadari ba, rikodin da ba a taɓa gani ba a wannan lokacin.

Marie ta tashi a cikin tarurruka da yawa na iska, ta jefa bam a wani sansanin jirgin saman Jamus sau biyu a matsayin matukin jirgi mara izini a yakin duniya na (duba ƙasa), ta tashi a kan ayyukan leken asiri a cikin "zaman lafiya" na Arewacin Afirka, kuma ita ce kadai mace da ta riƙe lasisin matukin jirage hudu a lokaci guda: balloon, jirgin sama, hydroplane, helicopter (a cikin shekaru 80, Marie ta tashi jirgin sama mai amfani da jet-in,  kuma ta sabunta lasisin matukan jirgi mai saukar ungulu).

## Manazarta