Fadar Al-Azm

**Fadar Al-Azm** fadar sarauta ce a Damascus, Siriya, wacce aka gina a shekara ta 1749. Da yake a arewacin Al-Buzuriyah Souq a Tsohon Birnin Dimashƙu, an gina fadar a cikin 1749 don zama gidan zama na As'ad Pasha al-Azm, gwamnan Dimashƙo; a lokacin Mandate na Faransa don Siriya da Lebanon, an gina shi da Cibiyar Faransa.

Bayan da gwamnatin Siriya ta sayi shi daga dangin Al-Azm kuma ta yi aikin sake ginawa da yawa, fadar yanzu tana da Gidan Tarihi da Al'adun Jama'a.

## Tarihi

An gina fadar ne a Zamanin Ottoman a kan tsohon shafin fadar Mamluk a matsayin wurin zama ga gwamnan Dimashƙu, As'ad Pasha al-Azm a lokacin mulkin Sultan Mahmud I. A matsayin wurin zama na hadin gwiwa da gidan baƙi, fadar ta kasance abin tunawa ga gine-ginen Larabawa na ƙarni na 18. Ma'aikata 800 ne suka gina fadar a cikin shekaru uku,  kuma an yi wa ginin ado da kayan ado masu tsada da tsada. Wani mai aski na Damascene, Shaikh Ahmad Al-Bidiri Al-Halaq ya rubuta a cikin littafinsa yadda "kowace lokacin da ya ji labarin tsohuwar ko aikin marmara ko yumbu, zai aika wani don samun shi - tare da ko ba tare da yardar mai shi ba". Bayan mutuwar al-Azm, fadar ta ci gaba da ba da gidan zuriyarsa na tsararraki daga baya.

Yayinda yake yawon shakatawa Damascus a shekara ta 1898, Sarkin sarakuna Wilhelm II na Jamus ya ziyarci fadar.

Gidan sarauta ya kasance a hannun dangin Azm har zuwa 1920, lokacin da aka sayar da fadar ga Faransanci. An sayi kotun tsakiya ko *haremlek* don fam 4000 na zinariya (bayan 1958 sunan kuɗin a Turanci ya canza daga "Lira" zuwa "Pound").  A lokacin Babban juyin juya halin Siriya, gwamnatin Faransa ta harbe Damascus don kawo karshen tawaye, kuma an harbe tsohuwar kwata na Damascus wanda ya haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga fadar, yayin da babban ɗakin liyafa, wanka masu zaman kansu da rufin duk an ƙone su yayin da aka lalata ganuwar. Bayan karshen juyin juya halin, gwamnatin Faransa ta fara sake gina gine-ginen. An fara aikin sabuntawa nan da nan kuma masu zanen gine-gine Lucien Cavaro, da Michel Ecochard ne suka gudanar da shi. Masu zanen gine-gine sun gudanar da sauƙaƙe, ba su da kyau a sake gina fadar.

Bayan sake ginawa, gwamnatin Faransa ta yi amfani da fadar don gina sabon Cibiyar Faransanci, kuma Michel Ecochard, wanda ya yi aiki a sake gina shafin, an ba shi izinin tsara sabon gida ga darektan cibiyar. Kodayake na zamani ne, sabon ginin ya haɗu sosai a cikin ganuwar fadar karni na 18.

Bayan samun 'yancin Siriya a 1946, an rushe Cibiyar Faransa kuma an kwashe ta daga ginin kuma an mayar da gidan ga dangin Azm,   shekaru shida bayan haka a 1951 gwamnatin Siriya ta sayi shi da fam 100,000 ($ 30,000),  wanda ya juya shi zuwa Gidan Tarihi da Al'adun Jama'a. An nada Shafiq Imam a matsayin darektan gidan kayan gargajiya, wanda aka buɗe a shekara ta 1954. Jama'a don buɗe gidan kayan gargajiya sun wuce tsammanin da ya sa Shafiq Imam ya tsara sabon matakala don babban zauren don ba da damar baƙi su shiga daga gefe ɗaya kuma su bar daga wani.

Gidan sarauta ya sami lambar yabo ta Aga Khan don Gine-gine a shekarar 1983.

## Gine-gine
 

Gidan sarauta yana da 6400 m2, kuma gine-ginensa misali ne mai kyau na gidajen gargajiya na Damascene. Tsarin ya kunshi gine-gine da yawa da fuka-fuki uku: harem, seallek da Khademlek. Harem shine reshen iyali, wanda ya ƙunshi gidaje masu zaman kansu na iyali kuma ya haɗa da wanka, wanda shine kwatankwacin wanka na jama'a a cikin birni a kan karamin sikelin. Seallek shine reshen baƙo, kuma ya ƙunshi dakunan taro na yau da kullun, wuraren liyafa da manyan farfajiyoyi tare da maɓuɓɓugar gargajiya, yayin da a arewacin fadar akwai wuraren ma'aikata da cibiyar ayyukan gida.

Ɗaya daga cikin sassan da suka fi ban sha'awa a fadar shine *hammam*, ko wanka. Ya ƙunshi jerin ƙananan ɗakuna da ƙananan hanyoyin da ke kaiwa ga babban ɗakin tururi a cikin zuciyar ginin. Kusa da *hammam* shine babban zauren liyafar da aka yi da marmara, kuma a bayansa akwai na biyu, karamin farfajiyar tare da ɗakuna da yawa yanzu ana amfani da su don nuna kayan gargajiya daban-daban kamar gilashi, jan ƙarfe da masana'antu.

An yi amfani da su a cikin ginin wannan fadar akwai nau'ikan duwatsu da yawa ciki har da dutse, sandstone, basalt, da marmara, waɗanda aka zaba don samar da kayan ado na halitta. Rufin yana fentin bangarorin katako waɗanda ke nuna al'amuran halitta. 

Dokta Andrew Petersen, darektan Bincike a cikin Archaeology na Musulunci a Jami'ar Wales Lampeter ya bayyana cewa amfani da ablaq (matsayi na fararen dutse da baƙar fata) a cikin wannan ginin shine "Halin dutse mai ban mamaki na Damascus".

## Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha da Al'adun gargajiya
Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha da Al'adun gargajiya ya ƙunshi, a tsakanin wasu, tarin Kayan gargajiya na gargajiya na Siriya, mafi yawansu an sake su da ɗan wasan Siriya Ziad Zukkari.

## Manazarta