Batutuwan muhalli a Kyrgyzstan

Manyan **Batutuwan muhalli a Kyrgyzstan,** an taƙaita su a cikin 2007 Concept of Ecological Security of Kyrgyz Republic  kuma an tattauna su a wasu takardun manufofin muhalli da muhalli kamar National Environmental Action Plan (1995), Kasuwancin Ci Gaban Kasashe na 2009-2011, Strategy on Biological Diversity (2002), 2nd Environmental Performance Review of Kyrgyzstan (2008), da dai sauransu.

Ma'anar Tsaron Muhalli tana la'akari da Batutuwan muhalli a Kyrgyzstan a cikin tasirin duniya, yanki da na ƙasa.

## Batutuwan muhalli na duniya a Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan tana da matsaloli da yawa ciki har da:

Sauyin yanayi na duniya, dusar ƙanƙara mai dusar ƙanƙara, kwararowar hamada, da asarar ɗimbin halittu na daga cikin batutuwan da suka shafi muhalli a duniya a halin yanzu a kan ajandar Kyrgyzstan

* *[[Canjin yanayi a Kyrgyzstan|Sauyin yanayi na duniya]]* . Kyrgyzstan ta amince da matsalar sauyin yanayi a duniya kuma a shekara ta 2003 ta amince da yarjejeniyar Kyoto ga tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan sauyin yanayi . An yi kiyasin cewa bangaren makamashi na kasar ne ke da alhakin fitar da iskar kusan kashi biyu bisa uku na jimillar iskar Carbon dioxide, kuma a bisa ka'ida wannan adadin zai yi girma, duk da cewa idan aka samu karuwar kason da aka samar da wutar lantarki . Alaka da sauyin yanayi na duniya a Kyrgyzstan matsala ce ta lalacewa. Yankin da glaciers ke mamaye ya ragu da 20% kwanan nan kuma akwai damuwa cewa glaciers a cikin ƙasar na iya ɓacewa ta 2100.  
* *Ozone Layer raguwa* . Kyrgyzstan ta amince da matsalar duniya na raguwar Layer Layer kuma a cikin 2000 ta amince da Yarjejeniyar Montreal akan Abubuwan da ke Rage Ozone Layer zuwa Yarjejeniyar Vienna don Kariya na Ozone Layer .
* *Hamada* . Kasar ta amince da matsalar kwararowar hamada kuma a shekarar 1999 ta amince da yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Yaki da Hamada . Hamada na haifar da babbar barazana ga Kyrgyzstan. Dangane da dabarun ci gaban kasa na shekarar 2009-2011, daga cikin hekta miliyan 10.6 na jimillar filayen noma sama da kashi 88% an gano sun lalace kuma suna fuskantar kwararowar hamada. 
* *[[Rashin bambancin halittu|Asarar halittu]]* . Dangane da bambancin halittu Kyrgyzstan yana da babban matsayi a duniya: tana da kusan kashi 1% na duk sanannun nau'in halittu yayin da yankinta ke da kashi 0.13% na ƙasar duniya. Dangane da Dabarun Tsarin Halittu da Tsarin Ayyuka, barazanar da ke haifar da ɗimbin halittu suna da alaƙa da ayyukan ɗan adam kuma sun haɗa da asarar muhalli da canji, rarrabuwa na al'ummomin halitta saboda yawan amfani da su, fiye da girbi, mace-mace kai tsaye, gabatar da nau'ikan da ba na asali ba, gurɓataccen muhalli, da sauyin yanayi.  Manufar Tsaron Muhalli ta bayyana cewa daga cikin abubuwan da suka shafi halittu masu rai a Kyrgyzstan akwai kwararowar hamada da sauyin yanayi . Kyrgyzstan ta yarda da matsalar bambancin halittu kuma a cikin 1996 ta amince da Yarjejeniya kan Bambancin Halittu .

## Batutuwan muhalli na yanki a Kyrgyzstan

* *Rushewar [[Hakar ma'adinai|masana'antar hakar ma'adinai]].* Rashin masana'antar hakar ma'adinai yana haifar da barazana kai tsaye ga mahalli na Kyrgyzstan da ƙasashe makwabta. Da yake a tsaunuka masu tsawo a cikin wani dutse mai rauni masana'antar hakar ma'adinai ta samar da daruruwan miliyoyin ton na sharar dutse da wutsiyoyi a cikin tarkace da tafkunan wutsiyoyi waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin tushen gurɓataccen muhalli ta hanyar ƙarfe mai nauyi, kayan rediyo da cyanide. Yawancin sharar ma'adinai suna cikin kogin kogi kuma tun da Kyrgyzstan na cikin waɗancan yankunan da ke fuskantar bala'o'i masu yawa kamar girgizar ƙasa da rushewar ƙasa, suna gabatar da haɗarin gurɓataccen iyaka. Yawan mutanen da ke iya shafa a Kyrgyzstan, da kuma yankunan da ke kusa da iyakar Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, da Tajikistan an kiyasta su zuwa miliyan 5.
* *Matsin ruwa.* Raba albarkatun kasa muhimmiyar matsala ce tsakanin kasashen Asiya ta Tsakiya. Kyrgyzstan da Tajikistan suna da mahimman albarkatun ruwa daga kogin Amu Darya da Sir Darya, wanda a zamanin Soviet aka raba shi da Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, da Turkmenistan don dawo da iskar gas, mai, da wutar lantarki. Koyaya, ayyukan madatsar ruwa na zamani, kamar madatsar ruwan Kambarata-1 a kan Kogin Naryn da madatsar jiragen ruwa na Toktogul a kan Sir Darya (dukansu misalai na madatsar madatsar Kyrgyz da ke shafar matsin ruwa na yanki), sun sa Uzbekistan da Kazakhstan su rasa yawan wutar lantarki kuma ta haka ne ikon su na musayar ruwa tare da Kyrgyzstan da Tajikistan. A ƙarshen shekarun 1990s tsarin raba albarkatun Soviet ya rushe gaba ɗaya, kuma har yanzu ba a sanya sabon tsarin ba saboda rashin niyyar siyasa da rashin amincewa tsakanin jamhuriyoyin Asiya ta Tsakiya.

## Batutuwan muhalli na kasa

* *[[Gurbacewar Iska|Rashin gurɓata iska]].* Rashin gurɓata iska ya karu a matsayin babbar matsala a cikin birane a cikin shekarun da suka gabata. Manyan hanyoyin gurɓata iska sune makamashi da kayan gini, masana'antun hakar ma'adinai da sarrafawa, gidaje da ke amfani da kwal, da sufuri. Rashin ingancin iska yana da alaƙa da amfani da kwal a cikin tsire-tsire masu amfani da wutar lantarki maimakon iskar gas, ta amfani da man fetur mai ƙarancin gaske a cikin gidaje, da kuma karuwar jiragen motoci waɗanda suka shafi tsofaffi, motocin da ba a kula da su sosai ba.
* *Rashin gurɓata ruwa.* Babban tushen gurɓataccen ruwa shine ruwan sharar gida, ruwan sharar daga noma, ruwan shayarwa na gida, leachate, da kuma magudanar ma'adinai. Tsarin tattara ruwan sharar gida yana tattara kusan kashi 70% na duk ruwan sharar gari. Kashi 20% ne kawai na jimlar ruwan da aka zubar a cikin shuke-shuke na tsabtace ruwa. Wani matsala shine karancin ikon cibiyar kula da ruwa wanda ya ragu sosai a cikin shekaru 20-25 da suka gabata.
* *Rashin lalacewar yanayin halittu na tsaunuka*. Kyrgyzstan ƙasa ce mai tsaunuka tare da kashi 90% na yankinta da ke sama da mita 1,500. Babban matsin lamba na fasaha a kan yanayin halittu na tsaunuka masu rauni ta hanyar ayyukan hakar ma'adinai da ababen more rayuwa, kuma bangaren noma ya yi aiki don tayar da ma'auni da hanzarta haɗarin halitta da yawa.
* *Gudanar da sharar gida*

## Matsayin kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu
Kungiyoyin kare muhalli a Kyrgyzstan koyaushe suna tantance matsalolin muhalli, kuma suna kula da su a kan EKOIS http://www.ekois.net, Hukumar Labaran Muhalli ta Kyrgyz. Labarin yafi yawa a cikin Rasha, amma ana samun bayanan Ingilishi.

## Manazarta