Ramadan a Malaysia

**Ramadan a [[Maleshiya|Malaysia]]**, wanda aka kiyaye a matsayin watan tara na kalandar wata ta Musulunci, yana da muhimmancin gaske ga Musulmai a duk duniya, gami da Malaysia, inda kusan kashi 63.5% na yawan jama'a ke bin addinin Musulunci. Ana kiyaye wannan watan mai tsarki tare da azumi, addu'a, tunani, da ayyukan al'umma, suna nuna bambancin al'adun Malaysia.

## Ƙaddamarwa
Kamar yadda yake a wasu ƙasashe, kwamitocin ganin wata ne ke ƙayyade farkon da ƙarshen Ramadan a Malaysia, suna bin kalandar wata ta Musulunci. Majalisar Fatwa ta Kasa da hukumomin addini na jihar suna kula da kallon wata.

## Bukatar da bukukuwan addini
A lokacin Ramadan, Musulmai na Malaysia suna azumi daga asuba zuwa faɗuwar rana, suna guje wa abinci, abin sha, da sauran bukatun jiki a lokacin hasken rana. Ana karya azumi a faɗuwar rana tare da abincin 'Iftar', sau da yawa ana farawa da kwanakin da ruwa, sannan kuma ana amfani da jita-jita iri-iri na gargajiya. Ana gudanar da addu'o'i na dare na musamman, wanda aka sani da 'Tarawih', a cikin masallatai a duk faɗin ƙasar, tare da wasu masallatai da ke gayyatar mutane waɗanda suka haddace dukan Alkur'ani don jagorantar addu'o-ta, don tabbatar da cikakken karatun ta a cikin watan. Bugu da ƙari, bayan addu'o'in Tarawih, ana ba da abincin dare na al'umma da ake kira 'moreh' sau da yawa a cikin masallacin masallacin, wanda masu sa kai suka shirya.

## Abinci na gargajiya da abinci
Abinci na Ramadan na Malaysia ya haɗu da tasirin Malay, Indiya, da Sinanci. Wata sananniyar al'adar Malaysia a lokacin Ramadan ita ce yin da rarraba Bubur lambuk, wani shinkafa na musamman da aka dafa tare da madarar kwakwa, nama, kayan yaji, da sauran sinadaran. Wannan abincin yana nuna ruhun al'umma na Ramadan, kamar yadda ake raba shi tsakanin makwabta da al'ummomi. Sauran jita-jita sun hada da; Kuih-Muih: Abincin gargajiya kamar kuih lapis (keke mai laushi) da onde-onde (ƙwallo na shinkafa). Satay, Rendang, da Lemang: Nama da shinkafa da aka gasa, sananne ne don abinci na biki. Air Katira & Sirap Bandung: Abin sha mai sanyaya don karya azumi.

## Tasirin tattalin arziki da farashin abinci
Bukatar abinci a lokacin Ramadan sau da yawa yakan haifar da tattaunawa game da sauye-sauyen farashi. Wani binciken da Cibiyar Bincike ta Khazanah ta kammala cewa yayin da farashin abinci ke tashi a lokacin Ramadan, karuwar ba ta da mahimmanci. Koyaya, abubuwan da mutum ke fuskanta sun bambanta; alal misali, wani rahoto ya nuna kuɗin da mutum ya kashe na RM 150 a kan abubuwa tara na abinci a kasuwar Ramadan, wanda ya haifar da muhawara game da araha. Bugu da ƙari, gwamnati ta fara murkushewa kan farashin farashi a lokacin wata mai tsarki don tabbatar da ayyukan adalci a cikin kasuwar abinci.

## Hutun jama'a da gyare-gyaren aiki
Ranar farko ta Ramadan hutu ce ta jama'a a Johor, Kedah, da Malacca. Kasuwanci da yawa suna daidaita lokutan aiki don karɓar ma'aikatan azumi, suna ba da izinin tashi da wuri ko jadawalin sassauƙa.

## Ayyukan al'adu da yawon bude ido
Ramadan lokaci ne na karuwar sadaka da karimci a Malaysia. Akwatin bayar da gudummawa da kamfen don 'zakat' (ba da sadaka) sun zama ruwan dare a wuraren jama'a, suna ƙarfafa mazauna yankin da baƙi su shiga cikin ayyukan sadaka.

Hadisai na musamman na Ramadan na kasar suma suna jan hankalin masu yawon bude ido; a cikin 2025, Malaysia ta yi tsammanin maraba da masu yawon buɗe ido tsakanin 250,000 da 400,000 a lokacin wata mai tsarki, wanda bukukuwan al'adun Islama da kuma abubuwan yawon bude hankali na addini suka jawo.

## Kalubale da jayayya
In 2024, the authorities crack down and impose fines for breaking the Ramadan fast; those caught eating and drinking in broad daylight will face fines of up to 1,000 Malaysian ringgit (about $200) and up to a year in prison. Non-Muslims caught selling food, drinks or tobacco to Muslims during fasting hours will also face fines.

A cikin 2025, wani abin da ya faru na kwayar cuta da ake kira 'Ramadan slap' ya shafi wani tsoho Malay da ke fuskantar wani wanda ba Musulmi ba saboda rashin azumi, wanda ya haifar da tattaunawa mai yawa a kan kafofin sada zumunta game da haƙuri na addini da ka'idojin al'umma.

## Dubi kuma

* Ramadan a Pakistan
* Ramadan a Iran
* Ramadan a Turkiyya
* Ramadan a Ƙasar Ingila

## Manazarta