Grayson M. P. Murphy

**Grayson Mallet-Prevost Murphy Sr.** (Disamba 19, 1878 - Oktoba 18, 1937) jami'in soja ne na Amurka, ma'aikacin banki kuma darektan kamfani.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Murphy a ranar 19 ga Disamba, 1878, a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ga Howard da Anita Mallet-Prevost Murphy.  Ya halarci Kwalejin Haverford inda ya kasance memba na ajin 1900.  Yayin da yake can, ya yi aiki a hukumar *The Haverfordian*, mujallar adabi ta makarantar.  Ya kuma rubuta wasan kwaikwayo na biyu don ajinsa, wasan kwaikwayo na manyan ayyuka uku da aka saita, bi da bi, a kotun Pluto, Hades da kuma kusa da Kogin Styx ; ya taka rawar *Venus* . 

## Farkon aikin soja
Bayan shekaru biyu a Haverford, Murphy ya tafi "a farkon kiran sojoji" bayan Yaƙin Spain da Amurka ya ɓarke; a ranar 28 ga Afrilu, 1898, ya shiga cikin rundunar sojojin sa kai ta "D", Rundunar Farko, Pennsylvania.     Ta hanyar Umarni na Musamman na 129 na Ofishin Adjutant General, bisa buƙatar Gwamnan Pennsylvania, ya karɓi kwamiti a kan ma'aikatan Brigadier Janar Morrell na National Guard na Pennsylvania. 

An aika Murphy zuwa Chattanooga, Tennessee inda ya "sami naɗin ma'aikata na Kyaftin ," yana aiki a can na lokacin bazara.   Yaƙin Sipaniya da Amurka ya ɗauki makonni goma sha shida kacal, don haka da zarar ba a sake buƙatar aikinsa ba, Murphy ya yi murabus a ranar 17 ga Oktoba bayan naɗin ɗan kadet zuwa Kwalejin Soja ta Amurka ; ya shiga aji na 1903 a ranar 10 ga Yuni, 1899.   Yayin da yake can, "matsayinsa ya sa ya sami naɗin Kofur, Saje, da Kyaftin a cikin Rundunar Cadets."  An san shi da "halayensa masu kyau da fara'a" kuma daga cikin "halayensa masu ban sha'awa" akwai "son barkwanci da kuma sake shiga."  Daga cikin sauran ayyukansa, ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin "Manajojin Hop guda shida", yana taimakawa wajen shirya raye-rayen ƙarshen mako ga ajinsa.  

Murphy ya kammala karatunsa daga West Point a ranar 11 ga Yuni, 1903, na 22 a aji na 94.   Ya zaɓi shiga rundunar sojojin ƙasa kuma aka tura shi zuwa rundunar sojoji ta 17, sannan aka tura shi Philippines . 

Daga 20 ga Yuni zuwa 10 ga Oktoba, 1903, yayin da yake "hutun kammala karatu," an yi masa cikakken bayani game da Murphy a matsayin Babban Aiki na Musamman tare da Sashen Leken Asiri na Soja na Babban Hafsan Sojoji don aiki a Panama da Venezuela .  ] Daga baya ya koma Amurka kuma yana aiki a Sashen Yaƙi a Washington, har zuwa 20 ga Disamba, 1903, lokacin da ya yi tafiya daga New York don shiga rundunarsa a Jolo a Philippines; ya isa can a watan Maris 1904. 

Tsakanin Maris da Nuwamba 1904, Murphy ya yi aiki a Jolo da Mindanao .  Tsawon watanni huɗu, daga Nuwamba, 1904 zuwa Fabrairu, 1905, yana kan Aiki na Musamman tare da Sashen Leken Asiri na Soja a Manila .  Daga baya, ya koma rundunarsa kuma aka sanya shi a kan Aiki na Musamman a fagen daga tare da Rundunar Sojojin Dawaki ta 14. 

A watan Agusta, 1905, Murphy ya koma Amurka da rundunar soji ta 17; rundunar ta kasance a sansanin sojoji a Fort McPherson, Atlanta, Georgia, kuma ta ci gaba da zama a can har zuwa Oktoba, 1906, lokacin da aka ba da umarnin zuwa Camagüey, Cuba .  Yayin da yake Cuba, Murphy ya yi aiki a matsayin malami a fannin Shari'a da Tarihi a Kwalejin Sojoji; ya koma Amurka a watan Maris, 1907. 

Saboda aikinsa a wannan lokacin, Murphy ya sami lambar yabo ta aikin soja ta Philippines da lambar yabo ta rundunar sojojin Cuban . 

## Farkon aikin kasuwanci
A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1907, Murphy ya yi murabus daga aikin kuma ya karɓi tayin zama Babban Manajan Talla na Kamfanin Kebul na Wutar Lantarki.  A shekarar 1915, ya zama mataimakin shugaban Kamfanin Guaranty Trust, amma ya yi murabus a shekarar 1917 domin shiga Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya. 

## Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya
Murphy ya yi aikin sa kai na aiki kuma an ba shi aikin Manjo na Sojoji, Jami'in Reserve Corps; daga baya aka kira shi don aiki mai aiki a ranar 31 ga Mayu, 1917.  Duk da haka, kafin haka, an naɗa shi Kwamishinan Red Cross na Amurka na farko zuwa Turai.  Murphy yana da "suna mai girma a cikin birni a matsayin mai shiryawa" kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin zaɓin farko na Shugaba Wilson ga Majalisar Yaƙi ta Red Cross ta Amurka.   Ya karɓi aikin bisa ga sharaɗi ɗaya: "idan an kafa wasu tushe kuma aka kammala wasu ayyuka, ya kamata ya sami 'yancin komawa soja," wato yin aiki mai aiki. 

A matsayinsa na Kwamishina a Turai, Murphy ya yi tafiya zuwa Faransa a ranar 31 ga Mayu.  Ya isa Faransa a ranar 13 ga Yuni tare da ma'aikata goma sha bakwai; wannan adadin ya karu cikin sauri a lokacin aikinsa zuwa mutane 2,375 da ke aiki a Faransa (ma'aikata 1,325 da aka biya albashi da kuma masu aikin sa kai 1,050) yayin da Murphy ya fadada ayyukansa.   Baya ga ayyuka a Faransa, Murphy ya kuma kula da ayyukan Red Cross a Ingila, Serbia da Italiya. 

A ƙarƙashin jagorancin Murphy, Red Cross ta yi aiki don tallafawa "asibitoci goma sha tara na Amurka da kuma shagunan magani da yawa, inda ta samar da franc 15,851,000 ga asibitoci da ƙungiyoyin agaji na Faransa 288." Ya kuma kula da "kafa gidaje huɗu na kwantar da hankali ga sojojin Amurka, kantuna goma sha takwas don samar da abinci da masauki ga sojoji da ke zuwa da dawowa daga ramuka, tashoshin hutawa uku tare da hanyoyin sadarwa ga sojojin Amurka, da kuma bukkoki biyar na nishaɗi ga sojojin Amurka a asibitoci, yana ba da asibitocin sojojin Faransa 3,700 kayan tiyata da sauran kayan aiki da ake buƙata, gina masana'anta don kera gaɓoɓin roba, da kuma kafa cibiyoyin agaji guda biyar a Faransa da Belgium." A cikin watanni biyar na ƙarshe da ya yi a matsayin Kwamishina, Red Cross ta ba da kulawar lafiya ga yara 30,000 da aka dawo da su gida kuma tana ciyar da matsakaicin yara 65,000 kowace rana.

A ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, 1918, Murphy ya yi aiki a matsayin Janar Pershing bayan ya miƙa aikinsa na Kwamishinan Turai ga Manjo James H. Perkins .  An ɗaukaka shi zuwa Laftanar Kanar a ranar 16 ga Agusta kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Babban Hafsan Sojoji na Sashe na 42 (Sashen Bakan Gizo), mai kula da ayyuka.    Saboda aikinsa na yaƙi, ya karrama da lambar yabo ta Nasara da lambar yabo ta Soja, kamar yadda Majalisa ta ba da izini a ranar 9 ga Yuli, 1918.    Domin girmama aikinsa, ya kuma sami Order of Leopold II daga Belgium kuma Faransa ta naɗa shi Jami'in Legion of Honor kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta Order of the Crown of Italy . 

## Daga baya aikin kasuwanci
A ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Murphy ya koma Wall Street. 

A shekarar 1921, ya kafa GM-P. Murphy & Co. wanda ya zama memba na Kasuwar Hannun Jari ta New York a shekarar 1925, wanda ya ci gaba da zama "ɗaya daga cikin manyan gidajen dillalai a Wall Street."   Murphy yana "sha'awar gyara kasuwancin da ke fama da rashin lafiya ko kuma ƙarfafa waɗanda suka riga suka kafa" kuma kamfaninsa "ya kasance yana daurewa akai-akai don daidaita al'amuran kamfanoni a cikin matsalolin kuɗi".  

A watan Afrilun 1932, kamfanin Murphy ya haɗu da JS Wilson Jr. & Co., a lokacin ne abokan hulɗa na ƙarshe — J. Sawyer Wilson Jr. da Charles H. Baetjer — suka zama abokan hulɗa na gabaɗaya a kamfanin Murphy. 

Sake tsara Kamfanin The Goodyear Tire and Rubber a shekarar 1921 ya haifar da ɗaya daga cikin manyan mukamai na farko na Murphy, wanda ya riƙe har zuwa mutuwarsa.  Murphy ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a sake tsara United Cigar Stores kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin darekta.  Bugu da ƙari, ya yi aiki a cikin kwamitin gudanarwa na: Kamfanin Anaconda Copper Mining Company, Bethlehem Steel, Kamfanin Omnibus, Kamfanin Fifth Avenue Coach Company, Kamfanin American Ice Company, Kamfanin Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company, Kamfanin Royal Indemnity Company, Kamfanin Amurka da na Ƙasashen Waje Securities Corporation, Kamfanin New York, Chicago da St. Louis Railroad Company, Kamfanin Cuba Cane Sugar Corporation, Kamfanin Jiragen Sama na Ƙasa, Kamfanin Interlake Iron Corporation, da Kamfanin Intercontinental Rubber Corporation, da sauransu.   

Bugu da ƙari, Murphy ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban "kwamitin kariya don tabbatar da takardun bashi na Kreuger &amp;amp; Toll ," yana shiga cikin "ƙoƙarin masu ba da kuɗi na ƙasashen duniya don ceton ƙima ga masu riƙe da tsaro daga hannun jarin Kreuger da ya lalace" bayan da kamfanin ya ayyana fatara.  Matsayinsa a cikin wannan ƙoƙarin ya haɗa da Shugabanci da kuma shugabancin Kamfanin Kreutol Realization Company, Limited.  Murphy ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Janar na Masu Hannun Jari na Peru, kuma ya jagoranci Kwamitin Kare Masu Amfani da Cable & Radio. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
A shekarar 1906, Murphy ya auri Maud Donaldson na Philadelphia.  Tare, sun haifi 'ya'ya maza biyu: Grayson Mallet-Prevost Jr. da Robert Donaldson Murphy. 

## Ayyukan jama'a
A shekarar 1922, Murphy ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kwamitin masu rijistar takardun kuɗi na Kamfanin Interborough Rapid Transit a birnin New York kuma ya shiga cikin "tattaunawar da ta kai ga tsara tsarin haɗa kan sufuri wanda wakilan gwamnatin birnin suka amince da shi, amma wanda ya kasa samun amincewar Hukumar Sufuri."  

Ya kuma kasance mai himma a madadin Ƙungiyar Hana Dokar Haramta Haramci .  "Maƙiyin haramci," ya shaida a Washington a gaban kwamitoci da dama, ciki har da bayyana a gaban Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Wakilai a zaman sauraron ƙararraki na 1930, inda ya kasance "mai matuƙar bayyana ra'ayi."   "Sanarwar Murphy ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba cewa ya karya dokokin barasa na shekarun 20, kuma bai san kowa ba wanda bai san ba, ta haifar da wani abin mamaki a zamanin da ake ɗaukar irin waɗannan sanarwar a matsayin marasa hankali." 

An ambaci Murphy a tangically dangane da makircin kasuwanci na 1933 da Janar Smedley Butler ya yi zargin cewa zai hambarar da Shugaba Franklin Roosevelt a juyin mulkin soja; saboda rashin isassun shaidu, babu wanda aka tuhume shi.  *Jaridar New York Times* ta ruwaito a cikin littafin mutuwar Murphy: "an nuna nan da nan cewa makircin bai wanzu ba, aƙalla idan aka yi la'akari da cewa ya shafi ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mutane da aka ambata a cikinsa. Ba a zargi Kanar Murphy da wani abu da ya shafi makircin ba, amma tunda ɗaya daga cikin mutanen da aka ambata a matsayin wanda ya shirya makircin shine Gerald P. MacGuire, mai sayar da takardun lamuni a kamfaninsa, ya musanta rahoton makircin gaba ɗaya kuma ya sanya rahoton makircin a matsayin tatsuniya." 

## Mutuwa
Murphy ya yi rashin lafiya a ranar 8 ga Oktoba, 1937; da farko, rashin lafiyarsa ba ta yi kama da mai tsanani ba kuma yana sadarwa da ofishinsa kowace rana.  Duk da haka, a daren ranar 15 ga wata, yanayinsa ya tsananta.  Ya mutu bayan kwana uku, a ranar 18 ga Oktoba, sakamakon ciwon huhu na huhu, a Manhattan, birnin New York .    An yi jana'izarsa a Cocin St. James' Episcopal a ranar 20 ga Oktoba. 

## Manazarta