Margaret Busby

**Margaret Yvonne Busby**, CBE, Hon. FRSL (an haife ta a shekara ta 1944) wacce kuma aka sani da **Nana Akua Ackon**, haifaffiyar kasar Ghana ce, edita, marubuciya kuma mai watsa shirye-shirye, mazauniyar Birtaniya. Ita ce ƙarama kuma bakar mace ta farko mai buga littafi a cikin shekarun 1960 ta yi aiki tare da Clive Allison (1944-2011) gidan wallafe-wallafen London da ke Allison da Busby (A & B). Ta yi rubutun tarihin *Daughters of Africa* (1992), da kuma *New Daughters of Africa* na shekara ta 2019. Ita ce ta karɓi kyautar Benson daga Royal Society of Literature. A shekara ta 2020 an zaɓe ta ɗaya daga cikin "100 Great Black Britons".

## Ilimi da kuruciya
An haifi Margaret Yvonne Busby a shekara ta 1944, a Accra, Gold Coast (Ghana ta yanzu), ga iyaye Dr George Busby da Mrs Sarah Busby (*née* Christian), waɗanda dukkansu suna da alaƙa da dangi zuwa Caribbean, musamman zuwa Trinidad, Barbados da Dominica. Dr Busby (1899-1980) aboki ne na tsawon rai na mai ba da shawara Kwame Nkrumah George Padmore kuma ya halarci makaranta tare da C. L. R. James a Kwalejin Queen's Royal, inda ya lashe Sikolashif na Island, wanda ya ba shi damar zuwa Burtaniya a 1919 don yin karatun likita. Bayan kammala karatun farko a Jami'ar Edinburgh, ya koma Kwalejin Jami'a, Dublin, don kammala karatun digirinsa na likita, sannan ya yi aiki a matsayin likita a Walthamstow, Gabashin London, kafin ya koma ya zauna a Gold Coast a 1929. Ta hanyar mahaifiyarta, ita 'yar uwan wakilin BBC ce Moira Stuart, kuma kakanta shi ne George James Christian (1869-1940), wakili a Taron Farko na Afirka a London a 1900, wanda ya yi ƙaura zuwa Gold Coast a 1902.

Iyayenta sun tura yaransu uku don suyi karatu a Ingila lokacin da Busby take shekara biyar. Ita da 'yar uwarta sun fara zuwa wata makaranta a gundumar Lake tare da Makarantar Charters Towers, makarantar kwana ta 'yan mata ta duniya a Bexhill-on-Sea. Bayan wucewa ta matakan O a can tana da shekaru 14, Busby ta bar makaranta a 15, ta koma Ghana ta ɗauki matakan A a 16, sannan ta yi shekara ɗaya a wata kwaleji a Cambridge don kar ta fara jami'a ma ƙarami. Tun tana dan shekara 17 ta karanci Turanci a Kwalejin Bedford (daga baya aka hade ta da Royal Holloway College), Jami'ar London, inda ta shirya mujallar adabin kwaleji tare da buga wakoki na kanta, sannan ta kammala tare da digiri na BA a cikin shekaru 20. Ta yi aure da mawakin jazz na Burtaniya kuma malami, Lionel Grigson (1942-1994).

## Aikin wallafe-wallafe
Yayin da kuma take jami'a ta sadu da takwararta ta kasuwanci nan gaba Clive Allison a wani biki a Bayswater Road, kuma sun yanke shawarar fara kamfanin buga littattafai. Bayan kammala karatun, Busby ta yi aiki a takaice a Cresset Press - wani ɓangare na Kungiyar Barrie - yayin kafa Allison da Busby (A & B) wanda aka buga littattafansa na farko a shekarar 1967, ta zama mafi karancin mawallafin sannan kuma mace ta farko da ta wallafa littafin Afirka a Burtaniya - nasarar da ta tantance ta ce: "Yana da sauƙin zama na farko, kowannenmu zai iya gwada wani abu kuma ya kasance mace ta farko ko mace ta farko ta Afirka da ta yi X, Y ko Z. Amma, idan abu ne mai mahimmanci ba kwa son zama shi kaɗai. ...Ina kuma fatan zan iya, ta kowace hanya, in sa wani ya yi abin da na yi amma koya daga kurakurai na kuma yi kyau fiye da yadda na yi."

Ta kuma kasance Daraktan Edita na Allison & Busby na shekaru 20, wallafa marubuta da yawa sanannu ciki har da Sam Greenlee (marubucin *The Spook Who Sat by the Door*, labari na farko da A & B ya buga, a shekara ta 1969), C. L. R. James, Buchi Emecheta, Chester Himes, George Lamming, Roy Heath, Isma'ilu Reed, John Edgar Wideman, Nuruddin Farah, Rosa Guy, Val Wilmer, Colin MacInnes, H. Rap Brown, Julius Lester, Geoffrey Grigson, Edward Blishen, Dermot Healy, Adrian Mitchell, Matta Sweeney, Jill Murphy, Christine Qunta, Michael Horovitz, Alexandra Kollontai, Gordon Williams, Carlos Moore, Michèle Roberts, Molefe Pheto, Arthur Maimane, Maurice Nyagumbo, Giles Gordon, Claire Rayner, Clive Sinclair, Mineke Schipper, Chris Searle, Richard Stark, James Ellroy, Mafarauci S. Thompson, Margaret Thomson Davis, B. Traven, Alexis Lykiard, Tom Mallin, Labarin Jack Trevor, Michael Moorcock, Mervyn Peake, John Clute, Julian Savarin, Ralph de Boissière, Andrew Salkey, Harriet E. Wilson, da Miyamoto Musashi.

Daga baya Busby ta kasance editan edita na Earthscan (watsa lakabi da Han Suyin, Frantz Fanon, Albert Memmi, René Dumont, Carolina Maria de Jesus, da sauransu), kafin su fara aiki mai zaman kansa a matsayin edita, marubuci, kuma mai sukar lamiri.

## Rubutu, gyarawa da watsa shirye-shirye
A matsayin dan jarida, ta yi rubutu don *The Guardian* (akasarin littafin bita ko labarin masu fasaha da masu fafutuka ciki har da Jessica Huntley, Buzz Johnson, Jayne Cortez, Jan Carew, Rosa Guy, Gwendolyn Brooks, Yuni Jordan, Toni Cade Bambara, Florynce Kennedy, Barry Reckord, Frank Crichlow, Connie Mark, Glenn Thompson, Agusta Wilson, Pearl Connor-Mogotsi, Geraldine Connor, Binyavanga Wainaina da Bell hooks), *The Observer*, *The Independent*, *The Sunday Times*, *The* *New Statesman*, da sauran wurare, duka manyan jaridu da mujallu na musamman.

### ''<nowiki/>'Yaya Matan Afurka'' (1992) da ''Sabbin'' '''Yaya Matan Afurka''  (2019)
Busby ta tattara 'littafin 'Ya'ya Matan Afurka*: Jerin Maganganu da kuma rubuce-rubuce daga Mata 'Yan Asalin Afurka daga Zamanin Tsohuwar Misra zuwa Yanzu* (London: Cape, 1992), wanda *Black Enterprise* ya bayyana a matsayin "alamar ƙasa", wanda ya haɗa da gudummawa a cikin kewayon nau'ikan mata sama da 200. An sake yin nazari sosai akan wallafawa, yanzu ana nuna shi da ɗaukar aiki ta "matriarchs of the African literature. Sun fara yin rubutun 'Afirka', wanda ba kawai suna rubuta labarai game da danginsu ba, al'ummominsu da ƙasashe, har ma suna rubuta kansu cikin tarihin adabin Afirka da tarihin Afirka. Sun nemi sarari ga mata masu bayar da labarai a rubuce, kuma a wata ma'ana sun sake daukar matsayin mace a matsayin mahalicci kuma mai daukar labarun al'ummomin Afirka da yawa, idan aka yi la’akari da cewa zaman bayar da labarun gargajiya na yanki ne na mata."

Busby ta gyara a wani sabon bugu na shekara ta 2019 mai take *Sabbin* *'Yaya Matan Afurka*: *Jerin Maganganu da kuma rubuce-rubuce daga Mata 'Yan Asalin Afurka daga Zamanin Tsohuwar Misra zuwa Yanzu* (wanda aka buga a Myriad Editions a Burtaniya), wanda ya nuna wasu marubutan sama da 200 daga ƙasashen waje na Afirka. Wani mai sharhi a cikin *The Irish Times* yayi sharhi: "Wani lokaci kuna buƙatar anthology don tunatar da ku game da iri-iri, ƙarfi da ƙima na rubuce-rubuce tsakanin wani yanki ko gungun mutane. *New Daughters of Africa* na da mahimmanci saboda muryoyin Afirka sun katse ko raguwa cikin tarihi, kuma muryoyin mata sun fi haka."

An haɗa shi da anthology na 2019, mai gabatar da sanarwar "Margaret Busby *New Daughters of Africa* Award", tare da haɗin gwiwar SOAS, Jami'ar London, waɗanda za su amfana da ɗalibin mace mace ta Afirka, ta rufe kuɗin koyarwa da masauki a Studentsan Daliban Internationalasa na Duniya, London. Wanda ya fara karbar kyautar, dalibar Kenya Idza Luhumyo, ta fara karatun ta ne a kaka 2020.

### Sauran ayyukan littattafai

Busby ta ba da gudummawa ga littattafai ciki har da Launin Sabon Yini: *Rubutu don Afurka ta Kudu* (eds Sarah LeFanu da Stephen Hayward, 1990), *Uwaye: Tunawa daga 'Ya'ya Mata* (ed. Joanna Goldsworthy, 1995), *IC3: The Penguin Book of New Black Writing in Britain* (eds Kadija Sesay da Courttia Newland, 2000), *Why 2K? Anthology for a New Era* (2000), *The Legacy of Efua Sutherland* (2007), *Essays in Honour of Ama Ata Aidoo at 70* (2012), *99 words* (ed. Liz Gray, 2011), *Black British Perspectives: A Series of Conversations on Black Art Forms* (ed. Kadija Sesay, 2011), *If I Could Tell You Just One Thing...: Encounters with Remarkable People and Their Most Valuable Advice* (ta Richard Reed, 2016), *Slay in Your Lane: The Black Girl Bible* (ta Elizabeth Uviebinené da Yomi Adegoke, 2018), da  *The Artist in Time* na Chris Fite-Wassilak (Yuli 2020).

A cikin shekara ta 2014, Busby ta yi rubutu tare da Ishmahil *Carnival: A Photographic and Testimonial History of the Notting Hill Carnival*. Daga cikin wasu littattafan da ta rubuta gabatarwar ko kalmomin gaba sune Penguin Modern Classics bugu na *A Question of Power* ta Bessie Head, *Emerging Perspectives on Buchi Emecheta* (ed. Marie Umeh, 1996), *Beyond Words: South African Poetics* (tare da Keorapetse Kgositsile, Don Mattera, Lebo Mashile da Phillippa Yaa de Villiers, 2009), da *To Sweeten Bitter* (2017) ta Raymond Antrobus. Tare da Darcus Howe, Busby ta sake shirya *C.L.R. James's 80th Birthday Lectures* (Race Yau Publications, 1984), kuma ita ce edita tare da Beverley Mason FRSA na *No Colour Bar: Black British Art in Action 1960–1990*, wani littafin 2018 wanda ya fito daga nunin 2015-16 *No Colour Bar* da aka gudanar a Guildhall Art Gallery.

Busby ta kasance fitacciyar ɗan takara a babban nunin *Get Up, Stand Up Now: Generations of Black Creative Pioneers* na 2019 a Somerset House, kuma ta ba da gudummawar gabatarwar muƙalar ga kasida, da kuma shiga cikin abubuwan da suka faru a can.

### Watsa shirye-shirye da wasan kwaikwayo
Busby ta yi aiki a kai a kai don rediyo da talabijin tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1960, lokacin da ta gabatar da shirin mujallar *London Line* don Babban Ofishin Bayanai, kazalika da *Break For Women* akan BBC African Service, daga baya kuma *Talking Africa* akan Rediyon Spectrum, ban da bayyana a kan shirye-shirye da dama ciki har da *Kaleidoscope*, *Front Row*, *Open Book*, *Woman's Hour*, da *Democracy Now!* (Amurka).

Abubuwan da ta kunsa da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na Rediyon BBC sun hada da littattafan C. L. R. James, Jean Rhys, Wole Soyinka, Timothy Mo, Sam Selvon, Walter Mosley, Henry Louis Gates, Lawrence Scott da Simi Bedford. Wasan Busby wanda ya danganta da littafi *Minty Alley* na C. L. R. James, wanda Pam Fraser Solomon ya kirkira, an fara watsa shi ne a Rediyon BBC 4 a 1998, inda ya lashe Hukumar Racaukaka Racabi'a "Race a cikin Media Award" (RIMA) a 1999. Hakanan ta kasance wani ɓangare na Penumbra Productions, kamfani mai zaman kanta, tare da sauran membobin da suka haɗa da Horace Ové, H. O. Nazarat, Farrukh Dhondy, Mustapha Matura, Michael Abbensetts da Lindsay Barrett, daga cikin ayyukan su jerin fina-finai ne da suka danganci laccoci da C. L. R. James a cikin 1980s.

Rubutun da ta yi don matakin ya hada da *Sankofa* (1999), *Yaa Asantewaa – Warrior Queen* (UK/Ghana, 2001-02), Geraldine Connor, da kuma *An African Cargo* (Greenwich Theater, 2007) wanda Felix Cross ya jagoranta. Ta kuma kasance mai son kida.

A cikin shekara  ta 2014, bayan mutuwar Maya Angelou, Busby ta rubuta wata babbar kyauta mai taken *Maya Angelou: A Celebration*, wanda ya faru a ranar 5 ga Oktoba a zauren Royal Festival yayin bikin Lissafin Lissafi na London; Paulette Randall ta jagorance shi, kuma Jon Snow da Moira Stuart suka shugabanta, bikin ya nuna gudummawa daga masu zane ciki har da Adjoa Andoh, Mala'ika Coulby, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Nicola Hughes, Ella Odedina, NITROvox, Roderick Williams da Ayanna Witter-Johnson.

A cikin Yunin shekara ta 2021, Busby ta fito a kan *Desert Island Discs* na BBC Radio 4.

## Girmamawa da kyaututtuka

* 1970: Kyautar Society of Young Publishers. 
* 1977: An nuna a nunin Mayotte Magnus *Mata*, Hotunan manyan matan Biritaniya, a Gidan Hoto na Kasa na Landan, wanda aka sake bugawa a cikin shekara ta 2018 a matsayin *Illuminating Women*.
* 1993: Kyautar Pandora  daga Women in Publishing.
* 1998: Mai Girma Memba na Alpha Kappa Alpha (AKA) Yankin Duniya.
* 1999: Race a cikin Kyautar Mai jarida don wasan rediyo *Minty Alley*.
* 1999: Girman gargajiya na Ghana kamar Nana Akua Ackon, Cape Coast.
* 2004: Daraja digiri na Jami'a Open don Sabis ga Fasaha da Kimiyya.
* 2004: An nuna shi a cikin hoton "Babban Rana a Landan" a ɗakin karatu na Burtaniya tsakanin marubuta 50 baƙi da Asiya waɗanda suka ba da babbar gudummawa ga adabin Burtaniya.
* 2006 : Jami'in Tsarin Mulkin Biritaniya, don hidima ga adabi da bugawa.
* 2011: Fellowship Honorary, Sarauniya Mary, Jami'ar London. 
* 2015: Kyautar Henry Swanzy don Sabis na Musamman ga Harafin Caribbean, NGC Bocas Lit Fest, Trinidad. 
* 2015: Kyautar karramawar Gadon Afirka ta Burtaniya daga Gidan Amau. 
* 2015: Memba na Daraja na PAWA (Ƙungiyar Marubuta ta Pan African) Kyauta, Ghana. 
* 2017: Zaɓaɓɓen Abokin Daraja na Royal Society of Literature. 
* 2017: An ba da lambar yabo ta Benson ta Royal Society of Literature don nasarar rayuwa. 
* 2017: Taron Jami'ar Goldsmiths na London "Daughter of Africa: Celebrating Margaret Busby's 50 Years in Publishing and Beyond". 
* 2018: An zaɓa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 150 na Jami'ar London "Jagorancin Mata" don bikin shekaru 150 na manyan makarantun mata a Birtaniya.
* 2019: Naugural Africa ya rubuta lambar yabo ta Rayuwa ta Royal Society of the Royal African Society.
* 2019: Digiri na girmamawa daga SOAS, Jami'ar London.
* 2020: Digiri na girmamawa daga Royal Holloway, Jami'ar London. 
* 2020: An zabe daya daga cikin "Bakar Birtaniyya 100".
* 2021: Kyautar Nasarar Rayuwa ta Littafin London.
* 2021 :Kwamandan Tsarin Mulkin Burtaniya. 

## Manazarta