Anita Brookner

**Anita Brookner** CBE (16 ga Yuli 1928 - 10 ga Maris 2016)  marubuciya ce kuma masaniyar tarihi a fannin fasaha ta Ingila. Ita ce Farfesa Slade a fannin Fasaha a Jami'ar Cambridge daga 1967 zuwa 1968 kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta riƙe wannan matsayin farfesa a lokacin ziyara . An ba ta kyautar Booker-McConnell ta 1984 saboda littafinta mai suna *Hotel du Lac* .

## Rayuwa da ilimi
An haifi Brookner (Bruckner) a Herne Hill, wani yanki na London.   Ita ce kaɗai 'ya ga Newson Bruckner, wani Bayahude ɗan ƙasar Poland daga Piotrków Trybunalski, da kuma Maude Schiska, wata mawaƙiya wadda kakanta ya yi ƙaura daga Warsaw, Poland, kuma ta kafa masana'antar taba inda mijinta ke aiki bayan ya isa Birtaniya yana da shekaru 18. Mahaifiyarta ta bar aikinta na waƙa lokacin da ta yi aure, kuma a cewar 'yarta, ba ta jin daɗi har tsawon rayuwarta.   Maude ta canza sunan iyalin zuwa Brookner saboda ƙiyayya da Jamusanci a Birtaniya bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya .  Anita Brookner ta kasance cikin kaɗaici tun tana ƙarama, kodayake kakarta da kawunta suna zaune tare da iyalin, kuma iyayenta, Yahudawan da ba su da addini, sun buɗe gidansu ga 'yan gudun hijira Yahudawa da ke tserewa Jamusawa a shekarun 1930 da Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu . "Na ce ni ɗaya ce daga cikin mata mafi kaɗaici a Landan" ta faɗa a hirarta da *Paris Review* a shekarar 1987.  

Ta yi karatu a Makarantar 'Yan Mata ta James Allen,  wata makaranta mai biyan kuɗi. A shekarar 1949 ta sami digirin BA a tarihi daga Kwalejin King's London, kuma a shekarar 1953 ta sami digirin digirgir a tarihin fasaha daga Kwalejin Fasaha ta Courtauld, Jami'ar Landan .  A ƙarƙashin kulawar Anthony Blunt, darektan Courtauld a lokacin, wanda a da yake takardar digirin digirgir ta Masters kan mai zane-zane na nau'in Faransa Jean-Baptiste Greuze an ɗaukaka shi zuwa digirin digirgir.  Ta sami tallafin karatu na gwamnatin Faransa a shekarar 1950 zuwa École du Louvre kuma ta shafe mafi yawan shekarun da suka gabata tana zaune a Paris. 

## Sana'a

### Ilimi
A shekarar 1967, ta zama mace ta farko da ta riƙe matsayin Farfesa na Fasaha na Slade a Jami'ar Cambridge . Ta kasance malamar ziyara a Jami'ar Reading daga 1959 zuwa 1964 lokacin da ta zama malamar Kwalejin Fasaha ta Courtauld . An ƙara mata girma zuwa Reader a Courtauld a 1977, inda ta yi aiki har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a 1988. Ta fara aikinta a matsayin ƙwararriya a fannin fasahar Faransanci ta ƙarni na 18 amma daga baya ta faɗaɗa ƙwarewarta ga fina-finan soyayya. Ta ba da gudummawar labarai ga ArtReview a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 da farkon shekarun 1960

Daga cikin ɗalibanta a Courtauld akwai masanin tarihin fasaha Olivier Berggruen, wanda ta ba da shawara kan aikin digiri.  Ta kasance memba na Kwalejin King's London da New Hall, Cambridge ( Kwalejin Murray Edwards daga 2008).

Ana ɗaukar hotunan da Anita Brookner ta ɗauka a ɗakin karatu na Conway na fasaha da gine-gine a Cibiyar Courtauld. 

### Marubuci
Brookner ta buga littafinta na farko, A Start in Life (1981), tana da shekaru 53. Bayan haka ta buga kusan sau ɗaya a shekara. An ɗauki Brookner a matsayin mai gyaran gashi. Littattafan ta suna bincika jigogi na rashin motsin rai da wahalhalun da ke tattare da shiga cikin al'umma, da kuma mata masu ilimi, masu matsakaicin matsayi, waɗanda ke fuskantar kaɗaici da takaici a soyayya. Yawancin jaruman ta 'ya'yan baƙin da suka ƙaura daga Turai zuwa Birtaniya ne; da alama akwai Yahudawa. Hotel du Lac (1984), littafinta na huɗu, an ba shi kyautar Booker .

## Rayuwar sirri da girmamawa
Brookner ba ta taɓa yin aure ba, amma ta kula da iyayenta yayin da suke tsufa. Brookner ta yi tsokaci a wata hira cewa ta sami shawarwari da dama na aure, amma ta ƙi amincewa da dukkansu, tana kammala da cewa maza "mutane ne masu ra'ayin kansu, waɗanda suke tunanin za a iya haɗa ku idan suka cire wasu sassa. Kuna iya ganin su suna tafiya mil ɗaya".  Ta yi laccar Fasaha ta 1974.   A shekarar 1990, an naɗa ta a matsayin Kwamandan Daular Burtaniya (CBE).  Ta mutu a Royal Borough of Kensington da Chelsea,  London, a ranar 10 ga Maris, 2016, tana da shekaru 87. 

## Littattafai

* *Greuze: 1725–1805: The Rise and Fall of an Eighteenth-century Phenomenon* (1972)  (on Jean-Baptiste Greuze)
* *Jacques-Louis David* (1980)  (on the history painter Jacques-Louis David)
* *A Start in Life* (1981, US title *The Debut*) 
* *Providence* (1982) 
* *Look at Me* (1983) 
* *Hotel du Lac* (1984)  (Booker Prize winner)
* *Family and Friends* (1985) 
* *A Misalliance* (1986) 
* *A Friend from England* (1987) 
* *Latecomers* (1988) 
* *Lewis Percy* (1989) 
* *Brief Lives* (1990) 
* *A Closed Eye* (1991) 
* *Fraud* (1992) 
* *A Family Romance* (1993, US title *Dolly*) 
* *A Private View* (1994) 
* *Incidents in the Rue Laugier* (1995) 
* *Altered States* (1996) 
* *Visitors* (1997) 
* *Soundings* (1997)  (collection of essays)
* *Falling Slowly* (1998) 
* *Undue Influence* (1999) 
* *Romanticism and its Discontents* (2000) 
* *The Bay of Angels* (2001) 
* *The Next Big Thing* (2002, US title *Making Things Better*) (longlisted for the Booker Prize)
* *The Rules of Engagement* (2003) 
* *Leaving Home* (2005) 
* *Strangers* (2009) (shortlisted for James Tait Black Memorial Prize) 
* *At The Hairdresser* (2011) (novella, available only as an e-book)

## Duba kuma

* Mata a fannin tarihin fasaha

## Manazarta