Hildegard Rosenthal

**Hildegard Baum Rosenthal** (Maris 25, 1913 - Satumba 16, 1990) ƴar Brazil ce mai daukar hoto haifaffiyar Switzerland, mace ta farko mai daukar hoto a Brazil. ɓangare na tsarar masu daukar hoto na Turai waɗan da suka yi hijira a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu kuma, suna aiki a cikin jaridu na gida, sun ba da gudum mawa ga gyaran gyare hoto na jarida na Brazil.

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Rosenthal a Zurich, Switzerland . Har zuwa lokacin balaga, ta zauna a Frankfurt (Jamus), inda ta karanta ilimin koyar wa daga 1929 zuwa 1933. Ta zauna a Paris tsakanin 1934 zuwa 1935. Bayan ta koma Frankfurt, ta yi karatun daukar hoto kusan watanni 18 a cikin wani shiri da  ya jagoran ta . Wolff ya jaddada ƙana nan kyamarori masu ɗaukar hoto waɗan da suka yi amfani da fim ɗin 35 mm . Waɗan nan sababbin abubuwa ne na kwanan nan a lokacin, kuma ana iya amfani da su ba tare da damuwa ba don daukar hoto na titi . Ta kuma karanci fasahar dakin gwaje-gwaje na hoto a Cibiyar Gaedel.

A wan nan lokacin, ta shiga dangantaka da Walter Rosenthal. Rosenthal Bayahudowa ce, kuma ana ƙara tsana nta wa Yahudawa a Jamus a cikin shekarun 1930 a ƙarƙashin mulkin ‘yan gurguzu (Nazi) da ya karɓi mulki a shekara ta 1933. Walter Rosenthal ya yi hijira zuwa Brazil a 1936. Hildegard ya haɗu da shi a Sao Paulo a cikin 1937. A wannan shekarar ta fara aiki a matsayin mai kula da dakin gwaje-gwaje a kamfanin kayayyakin daukar hoto da na Kosmos. Bayan 'yan watanni, hukumar 'yan jaridu ta dauki hayar ta a matsayin 'yar jarida mai daukar hoto kuma ta yi rahoton labarai na jaridu na kasa da na waje. A wan nan lokacin, ta dauki hotuna na birnin São Paulo da yan kin jihar Rio de Janeiro da wasu garuruwa a kudan cin Brazil, da kuma nuna wasu mutane daga al'adun São Paulo, irin su mai zane Lasar Segall, marubuta. Guilherme de Almeida da Jorge Amado, ɗan wasan barkwanci Aparicio Torelly ( Barão de Itararé ) da mai zane mai zane Belmonte . Hotunan ta sun nemi kama mai zane a lokacin halittar sa, dan gane da ruhinta na 'yar jarida. Ta katse ayyukanta na sana'a a cikin 1948, bayan haihuwar 'yar ta ta farko. Kuma a shekarar 1959, bayan mutuwar mijinta, ta karbi ragamar kula da amfanin dan gin ta.   

## Dabarun fasaha
Ba a san Hotunan ta ba har zuwa 1974, lokacin da masanin tarihi  ta gudanar da aikinta na baya-bayan nan a gidan kayan tarihi na fasahar zamani na Jami'ar São Paulo . A shekara ta gaba an buɗe Gidan Tarihi na Hoto da Sauti na São Paulo (MIS) tare da nunin *Memória Paulistana*, ta Rosenthal. A cikin 1996 Instituto Moreira Salles ta sami fiye da 3,000 na abubuwan da ba su dace ba. a cikin abin da al'amuran birane na São Paulo daga 1930s da 1940 suka fice, a lokacin birnin ya sami ci gaba mai ma'ana, na kayan abu da al'adu. Sauran abubuwan da ba su da kyau sun ba da ita a lokacin rayuwarta ga Lasar Segall Museum . 

"Hoto ba tare da mutane ba ya burge ni," in ji ta a Gidan Tarihi na Hoto da Sauti na São Paulo a 1981. 

## nune-nunen

* Hildegard Rosenthal: fotografias no Museu de Arte Contemporânea da Universidade de São Paulo, MAC/USP (1974: São Paulo)
* Bienal Internacional de São Paulo XIV e XV (1977 da 1979: São Paulo)
* Trienal de Fotografia no Museu de Arte Moderna de São Paulo, MAM/SP (1980: São Paulo)
* *Um olhar feminino dos anos 40* na galeria Fotóptica (1993: São Paulo)
* *Ya Olhar eo Ficar.* *A Procura do Paraíso* na Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo (1994: São Paulo)
* Brasil 1920-1950: da Antropofagia a Brasília, Cibiyar Valencia d'Art Modern, (2000: Valencia, Espanha) 
* *Profissão Fotógrafo*, de Hildegard Rosenthal e Horacio Coppola, da Museu Lasar Segall (2010: São Paulo) 
* *A São Paulo de Hildegard Rosenthal* na galeria DOC Foto (2013: São Paulo). Baje kolin karrama shekara ɗari na haihuwar Rosenthal.  
* *De l'autre coté.* *Hotuna de Jeanne Mandello, Hildegard Rosenthal, da Grete Stern .* Maison de l'Amérique Latin (2018: Paris). 
* *Sabuwar Mace A Bayan Kamara.* Gallery of Art (Oktoba 31, 2021 - Janairu 30, 2022). An shirya wannan baje kolin ta National Gallery of Art tare da haɗin gwiwar Gidan Tarihi na Art na Metropolitan . Andrea Nelson, mataimakin mai kula da sashen daukar hoto a National Gallery of Art ne ya shirya nunin. 

## Manazarta

## Kara karantawa

*   About a dozen of Rosenthal's photographs of São Paulo in the 1940s.
*   Discusses the development of Rosenthal's photography after her immigration.
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*   Forty-six reproductions of Rosenthal's photographs.
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