Abdel-Wahed El-Wakil

**Abdel-Wahed El-Wakil** (an haife shi 7 ga Agusta 1943) ɗan ƙasar Masar ne wanda ya tsara masallatai sama da 15 a Saudi Arabiya kuma mutane da yawa suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin babbar hukuma ta zamani a gine-ginen Islama. Don tsarawa a cikin salon gargajiya, shi ma wakilin New Classical Architecture.

## Rayuwa

### Ilimi
El-Wakil ta fara karatu ne a Misira a makarantun Burtaniya na Kwalejin Victoria da Makarantar Turanci. A shekara ta 1960, ya sami GCE kuma ya kammala karatu tare da bambanci a cikin Lissafi mai amfani, Fasaha, kimiyyar lissafi, da ilmin sunadarai. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya shiga Kwalejin Injiniya a Jami'ar Ain Shams kuma a 1965 ya sami BSc a cikin Gine-gine tare da Bambanci da Digiri na Farko. A lokacin da yake karatu don digiri ne El-Wakil ya saba da rubuce-rubucen mai sukar Ingilishi John Ruskin. Bayanan Ruskin game da abin da ya kira ingancin "arborescent" a cikin gine-gine (tsarin kayan ado mai ƙarfi, wanda za'a iya karantawa daga nesa, yana nuna ƙananan gine-gine yayin da kake kusantar shi) yana da tasiri mai dorewa a kansa.

Daga 1965 zuwa 1970, an nada shi a matsayin malami da malami a Sashen Gine-gine na Faculty dinsa.

A shekara ta 1967, an canza duk hanyar El-Wakil game da gine-gine lokacin da ya sadu da malaminsa farfesa Hassan Fathy . Bayan da ya gina gine-gine guda uku a cikin maganganun tsohon karatunsa a cikin gine-ginen zamani, El-Wakil ya yanke shawarar zama ɗan koyo ga Hassan Fathy. Kamar yadda yake tare da Frank Lloyd Wright, ambaton Hassan Fathy ya kasance haramtacce a Ma'aikatar Gine-gine ta Ain Shams kuma hakan ya tilasta El-Wakil ya kawo karshen aikinsa na koyarwa a Ma'aikata kuma ya fara sabon iliminsa tare da mai ba da shawara.

### Ayyuka
Binciken Hassan Fathy na gine-ginen asali ya sami karfin gwiwa daga rikicin bayan yakin duniya na biyu. Yaƙin ya haifar da karancin tattalin arziki a cikin kayan gini na masana'antu. Daga nan sai ya faru da Hassan Fathy cewa Nubians na Upper Egypt sun sami nasarar gina kyawawan gidaje da laka - kayan tawali'u a ƙarƙashin ƙafafunsu.

Bayan shekaru biyar na aiki zane da Hassan Fathy, El-Wakil ya sami damar tsarawa da gina gida a bakin rairayin bakin teku na Agami kusa da Alexandria. Yaƙin Kwanaki shida na 1967 ya kawo Masar cikin bala'in tattalin arziki kuma kayan gini na zamani sun zama da ƙarancin gaske da tsada. Wata dama ce ta musamman ga El-Wakil don fassara falsafar ƙirar Hassan Fathy na gine-gine ga matalauta. Gidan Halawa a Agamy ya yi amfani da dutse mai yawa a cikin yankin da ke gabatar da gine-ginen Masar na farko a cikin wurin shakatawa wanda ya fara da salon Riviera ta Faransa kuma ya gama da pseudo-Modern.

El-Wakil ya gina wasu gidaje biyu a Misira. Gidan Hamdy, da gidan Chourbagy, duka a kan hanyar Pyramids a gefen Alkahira.

An yi tunanin gidan Hamdy a matsayin ƙaramin gidan karshen mako tare da ɗakin kwana. Zane ya ƙunshi a cikin wani nau'i na asali manyan abubuwa a cikin gidajen Larabawa na gargajiya.

An yi la'akari da Gidan Courage a matsayin abin koyi ga gidan gari na yau da kullun a kan wani karamin makirci. Gidan ya yi amfani da abubuwa masu yawa na ƙirar gargajiya da ƙwarewar gida.

## Ayyukan Saudiyya
Tare da bunkasar mai a cikin 1973, Saudi Arabia ta ba da mafi yawan kwamitocin ga El-Wakil. Ya gudanar da zane na manyan gidaje da yawa da ke haɓaka tsarin ƙira na sararin samaniya na atriums, patios, da farfajiyar, wanda ya zama ba a saba da yanayin da ke faruwa na gidaje masu zaman kansu ba.

Na farko a cikin wannan jerin gidaje shine gidan Zahran, a matsayin magajin fadar Suleiman a Jedda. Gidan sarauta na Suleiman ya zama alama ce ta musamman ta gine-ginen zamani da ke amfani da ka'idojin ƙirar Larabawa na gargajiya. A cikin binciken gine-gine a Saudi Arabia, *Jaridar AIA* ta zabi shi a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyawun kayayyaki da aka cim ma.

An gina wasu gidaje biyu a Saudi Arabia; gidan Alireza a Riyadh da gidan Kandiel a Jeddah, duka biyu a cikin ginin tubali.

Sauran gine-ginen gidaje guda uku masu ban sha'awa a Saudi Arabia, waɗanda ba a gina su ba, sune gidan Mansur Badr a Riyadh, gidan Mansur badr a Makka, da gidan Hossam Khashoggi a Taif.

### Sauran ayyukan
Bayan Saudi Arabia, El-Wakil ya tsara gidan farfajiyar Larabawa na zamani don Farouk Sultan a Kuwait. Jami'ar Durham a Burtaniya ta koyar da ƙirar gidan Farouk Sultan a matsayin misali na ƙirar muhalli.

An tsara wani ƙaramin gida a Tsibirin Hydra a Girka. A cikin littafinsa 'A Vision of Britain', Yarima na Wales ya gabatar da shi a matsayin misali ga ra'ayoyinsa game da gine-ginen gargajiya.

A shekara ta 1993, El-Wakil ya tsara wani babban gida ga Thomas Kramer a Miami, Florida. Vincent Scully, a cikin littafinsa 'Between the Two Towers' ya ba da yabo mai karimci.

A lokacin da aka kammala gidan Suleiman, aikin El-Wakil ya ja hankalin Sheikh Said Farsi, magajin garin Jedda, wanda ya nada shi a matsayin mai ba da shawara.

## Masallatai suna aiki

Tare da hadin gwiwar Ma'aikatar Hajji da Gudanarwa, an kafa shirin don Gine-ginen Masallaci don sake gina gine-ginen gargajiya, a karo na farko yana ba da damar gina gine-gine na tubali ba tare da kankare ba.

Tare da goyon baya daga Magajin garin Said Farsi da Mataimakin Minista Hossam Khashoggi, El-Wakil yanzu ya ci gaba da cimma burin masallatai sama da goma sha biyar a cikin shekaru goma. Da yake tsarawa da hannu ɗaya, ya sami nasarar zurfafawa cikin juyin halitta na mafi kyawun daki-daki, don haɓaka sabbin dabarun gini, kuma a lokaci guda don cimma minarets, da gine-ginen da aka ɗora, na babban ƙarfin zuciya.

An ba da ƙananan masallatai huɗu; masallacin tsibirin, masallacin Corniche, masallafin Ruwais da Masallacin Abraj a matsayin wani ɓangare na kyawawan New Jeddah.

An ba da wasu manyan masallatai guda biyar a Jeddah; masallacin Suleiman, masallacin Harithy, masallafin Azizeyah, masallaci na Jufalli da Masallacin Sarki Saud. Dukansu suna cikin ginin tubali kuma sun ba da damar haɓaka sana'o'in gini na gargajiya. Ginin tubali na masallacin Sarki Saud tare da diamita na mita 20 da tsawo mai tsawo na mita 40  ya kalubalanci injiniyoyin tsarin da suka ki alhakin ginin ba tare da kankare ba. El-Wakil ya sanya hannu kan takardar shaidar da ke ɗaukar cikakken alhakin tsarinsa. Da yake Sarki Fahd ne ya ba da umarni kai tsaye kuma magajin garin Jeddah ne ya inganta shi, El-Wakil ya sami nasarar kauce wa duk ka'idojin da za su hana gina masallacin.

An ba da izini ga masallatai huɗu na muhimmancin tarihi a Madina:

* Zane da sake gina Masallacin Quba da aka gina a wurin da aka gina masallaci na farko a Islama.
* Zane da sake gina Masallacin Qiblatain sun ce masallaci ne inda masu bauta suka fara canza jagorancin addu'o'insu daga Urushalima zuwa Makka bisa ga wahayi na Allah.
* Zane da sake gina Jama Masjid, masallacin ikilisiya, an ce masallacin ne inda aka yi addu'o'in Jumma'a na farko a Islama.
* Miqat Dhu al-Hulayfah Complex da aka tsara don mahajjata don yin bukukuwan tsarkakewa da addu'o'i kafin su shiga birnin Mai Tsarki na Madina.

## Manazarta