Max Cynader

**Max Sigmund Cynader** CM, OBC, Ph.D, FRSC, FCAHS (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1947) Masanin kimiyyar kwakwalwa ne na Kanada. Shi ne darektan da ya kafa Cibiyar Binciken Brain da Cibiyar Djavad Mowafaghian don Lafiya ta Brain a Jami'ar British Columbia . 

An haife shi a Berlin a sansanin 'yan gudun hijira, ɗan Yahudawa na Poland waɗanda suka tsere daga Poland kafin mamayar Nazi a Poland, Cynader ya yi hijira zuwa Kanada a 1951. Ya sami digiri na farko na Kimiyya daga Jami'ar McGill a 1967 da Ph.D. daga MIT a 1972. Ya yi horo na postdoctoral a Cibiyar Max Planck a Jamus kafin ya shiga Faculty a cikin sassan ilimin halayyar dan adam da ilimin lissafi a Jami'ar Dalhousie. A shekara ta 1988, ya zama shugaban kungiyar Binciken Ilimin Ifa a Jami'ar British Columbia, kuma an nada shi Darakta na Cibiyar Binciken Brain a shekarar 1998. Binciken farko na Cynader ya mayar da hankali kan tsarin gani da ci gabanta bayan haihuwa. Ya wallafa takardu masu tasiri game da hanyoyin da kwarewar gani ta al'ada da ba ta dace ba ta shafi ci gaban cortex na gani. A cikin wata takarda, ya nuna cewa kiwon kittens a cikin hasken stroboscopic kamar yadda aka fallasa tsarin gani ga jerin hotuna masu tsaye sau 8 a kowane dakika ya haifar da ci gaban neurons na cortex na gani wanda ba shi da jagorancin zabin da ke nuna cortex na dabbobi da aka saba kiwo. Ba a sami sakamako a cikin manya dabbobin da aka bi da su ta wannan hanyar ba, suna nuna muhimmancin kwarewar gani a lokacin farkon rayuwar bayan haihuwa a cikin zane-zane na tsarin gani. A cikin aikin da ya danganci, ya nuna cewa akwai cikakkun lokuta masu mahimmanci na bayan haihuwa wanda za'a iya canza abubuwan da aka fi so na cortical neurons ta hanyar gogewa ta gani, kuma waɗannan lokuta masu mahimmanci za'a ci gaba da su, a bayyane ba tare da iyaka ba, ta hanyar kiwon dabbobi a cikin duhu kafin a aiwatar da hanyoyin gyaran ikon ido. Ya ci gaba da bincika hanyoyin kwayoyin da suka kafa filastik na tsarin gani, buga takardu kan canje-canje a cikin bayyanar kwayar halitta, da sake rarraba masu karɓa a cikin cortex da ke da alaƙa da lokaci mai mahimmanci. A cikin aikin da ya biyo baya, abubuwan da yake so sun fadada don haɗawa da hanyoyin sarrafa ji, abubuwan da ke ƙayyade tsufa na kwakwalwa mai lafiya, da hanyoyin kwayoyin da ke haifar da cututtukan neurodegenerative.

Cynader ya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban fasaha, da kuma kasuwanci na sakamakon bincike. Baya ga takardun da ya wallafa da yawa, Cynader yana da takardun shaida sama da goma sha biyu. A shekara ta 1992, ya kafa NeuroVir, kamfanin kimiyyar halittu na Vancouver wanda ya haɓaka samfuran maganin kwayar halitta don magance cututtukan kwakwalwa. Wannan kamfani, wanda ya girma zuwa ma'aikata sama da 60, an sayar da shi ga kamfanin kimiyyar halittu na Jamus, wanda daga nan ya ɗauki fasahar NeuroVir cikin gwaje-gwaje na asibiti. A shekara ta 1993, ya kafa Wavemakers Research, kamfanin software wanda ya haɓaka fasahar rage hayaniya, wanda aka tsara akan hanyoyin sarrafawa na cortex na ji. Wannan fasahar ta ci nasara a kasuwanci, kuma ta shiga cikin amfani mai yawa a sama da 20% na kasuwar mota ta duniya. Kwanan nan, ya kafa farawa guda biyu: biotech da ake kira Primary Peptides (www.primarypeptides.com) wanda ke cikin gwajin asibiti a cikin bugun jini da kuma kamfanin kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa mai suna Synaptitude (www.Synaptitudebrainhealth.com).

## Manazarta