Mata a cikin ayyukan Shakespeare

**Mata a cikin [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]** batu ne a cikin tattaunawar gaba ɗaya game da ayyukan Shakespeare masu ban mamaki da waƙoƙi. Manyan haruffa irin su Dark Lady of the sonnets sun haifar da zargi mai yawa, wanda ya sami ƙarin motsawa a lokacin raƙuman mata na biyu na shekarun 1960. Yawancin karatun littattafai da labaran ilimi suna binciken batun, kuma ana kiran watanni da yawa na Uranus bayan mata a cikin Shakespeare.

A cikin bala'in Shakespeare da wasansa gabaɗaya, akwai nau'ikan mata da yawa. Suna rinjayar wasu haruffa, amma kuma galibi ana rage su. Mata a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Shakespeare koyaushe suna da muhimmiyar rawa, wani lokacin babban matsayi. Ko sun kasance don canza labarin ko daidaita shi, suna nan saboda dalili. Wasu mata sun fi wasu karfi, kuma tasirin su a wasan ya bambanta ga kowannensu. Sau da yawa suna wucewa da jarumai maza.

A zamanin Shakespeare ba bisa ka'ida ba ne ga mata su bayyana a kan mataki a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na jama'a, kuma yana sa ran duk rawar da mata ke takawa za a yi da yara maza ko maza. Wasu 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na maza na Elizabethan sun ƙware a matsayin mata.

## Tarihi

### Tattaunawar ƙarni na 19

Tattaunawar farko game da halayen mata a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Shakespeare ya mayar da hankali kan halayen da mai wasan kwaikwayo ya ba su kuma sau da yawa ya yi iƙirarin cewa Shakespeare ya kama "mahimmanci" na mace. Helen Zimmern, a cikin gabatarwar fassarar Turanci na binciken Louis Lewes The Women of Shakespeare, ya yi jayayya a cikin 1895 cewa "na Shakespeare's dramatis personae, matansa watakila sune mafi kyau, kuma, a ma'ana, mafi yawan abubuwan da ya kirkira, sun bambanta da su, gaba ɗaya, daga manufofin nau'in mata da ke cikin wallafe-wallafen zamaninsa. "  Lewes da kansa ya buga irin wannan sautin yabo a ƙarshen sa: "Maganar sihiri ta mawaki tana da mummunar yanayin mace, motsin rai".

Wannan farkon lokacin mata a cikin Shakespeare, wanda ya ƙare a farkon karni na ashirin, ana nuna shi da sautin al'ada da magani da tabbatar da mika mata. Editocin tarin 1983 da ake kira The Woman's Part, suna ambaton littattafai uku da mata marubuta suka yi daga karni na 19 (littafi mai iko, Shakespeare's Heroines: Characteristics of Women by Anna Jameson, wanda aka buga da farko 1832, da kuma tarihin rayuwa guda biyu a cikin nau'in litattafai na biyu na jarumai na Shakespeare daga 1885) sun kammala cewa waɗannan masu sukar Shakespeare sun nuna "bace-wata ba tare da nunawa ba", kuma suna nuna cewa sauƙin mata masu sukar al'adunsu suna nunawa a yau.

### Tattaunawar zamani
Masu sukar kwanan nan suna ɗaukar hanyoyi daban-daban game da batun. Ga masu sukar mata da suka rinjayi Mata na Faransa, nazarin jikin mace a cikin wasannin Shakespeare ya tabbatar da sakamako. Carol Chillington Rutter, marubucin Enter the Body: Women and Representation on Shakespeare's Stage (2001), ya mai da hankali kan misali a jikin Cordelia, yayin da mahaifinta, Sarki Lear, ya ɗauke ta zuwa mataki; a jikin Ophelia a cikin kabari; kuma a jikin mata biyu a kan gado a ƙarshen *Othello*, "wasan da ke lalata mata"

## Shahararrun mata

* Adriana, in *The Comedy of Errors*
* Beatrice, in *Much Ado About Nothing*
* Bianca, in *The Taming of the Shrew*
* Celia, in *As You Like It*
* Cleopatra, in *Antony and Cleopatra*
* Cordelia, in *King Lear*
* Cressida, in* Troilus and Cressida*
* Desdemona, in *Othello*
* Emilia, in *Othello*
* Gertrude, in *Hamlet*
* Goneril, in *King Lear*
* Hermia, in *A Midsummer Night's Dream*
* Helena, in *A Midsummer Night's Dream*
* Helena, in *All's Well that Ends Well*
* Hero, in *Much Ado About Nothing*
* Hermione, in *The Winter's Tale*
* Hippolyta, in *A Midsummer Night's Dream*
* Imogen, in *Cymbeline*
* Isabella, in *Measure for Measure*
* Julia, in *The Two Gentlemen of Verona*
* Juliet, in *Romeo and Juliet*
* Katherina, in *The Taming of the Shrew*
* Lady Macbeth, in *Macbeth*
* Lavinia Andronicus, in *Titus Andronicus*
* Miranda, in *The Tempest*
* Margaret of Anjou, in , ,  and 
* Olivia, in *Twelfth Night*
* Ophelia, in *Hamlet*
* Portia, in *The Merchant of Venice*
* The Princess of France, in *Love's Labour's Lost*
* Paulina, in *The Winter's Tale*
* Perdita, in *The Winter's Tale*
* Regan, in *King Lear*
* Rosalind, in *As You Like It*
* Rosaline (only referenced), in *Romeo and Juliet*
* Tamora, in *Titus Andronicus*
* Three Witches, in *Macbeth*
* Titania, in *A Midsummer Night's Dream*
* Viola, in *Twelfth Night*
* Volumnia, in *Coriolanus*

## Manazarta

## Bayanan litattafai
* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] *Mata na Ƙaddamarwa: Halayen Mata a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da aka danganta ga Shakespeare*. Amazon Kindle. ASIN: B084DQTLKR

## Haɗin waje

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