Kungiyar Tsaro ta Indiya ta Amurka

**Kungiyar Tsaro ta Indiya ta Amurka** (AIDA) ƙungiya ce da aka kafa a 1923 ta Ma'aikacin zamantakewa John Collier wanda ya yi yaƙi don kare 'yancin addini da dukiyar kabilanci ga' yan asalin ƙasar Amirka a Amurka.

## Tarihin AIDA

A cikin shekarun 1920 Antonio Luhan, memba na Taos Pueblo, ya nuna wa John Collier yanayin rayuwa mara kyau a cikin al'ummomin Indiyawan Amurka. A mayar da martani ga abin da ya gani, Collier ya kafa Kungiyar Tsaro ta Indiya ta Amurka. A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa Collier ya jagoranci kokarin sake fasalin Indiya, kuma a cikin 1933 Shugaba Franklin D. Roosevelt ya nada Collier a matsayin sabon kwamishinan harkokin Indiya. Kusan nan da nan Collier ya yi ƙoƙari ya canza jagorancin gwamnati ta hanyar sake farfado da rayuwar Indiyawan Amurka da al'adunsu.

An kuma kafa AIDA ne don mayar da martani ga Dokar Leavitt ta 1921 da 1923, wanda aka fi sani da Dance Order .  Wannan lissafin ya yi barazanar cire haƙƙin Indiyawa na Pueblo don yin wasu raye-raye na gargajiya a New Mexico. Dokar Bursum ta 1922 ta kuma haifar da barazana yayin da za ta ba da izinin sayen ƙasashen Pueblo. Koyaya, AIDA ta sami damar toshe takardun kudi biyu cikin nasara.

## Al'adun Indiyawan Amurka
American Indians culture had been stripped away by measures like the Dawes Act, which had ended tribal government and authorized the sale of tribal land to individuals. Between the years 1887 (the year the Dawes Act came into effect) and 1934 (known as the "Allotment era") the government took over  of tribal lands that were previously guaranteed to tribes by treaties and federal law. Henry Dawes, who authored the Dawes Act, was quoted as saying that to be civilized, one must "wear civilized clothes...cultivate the ground, live in houses, ride in Studebaker wagons, send children to school, drink whiskey and own property."

Antonio Luhan ya bayyana yadda manufofin gwamnati da Kwamishinonin Harkokin Indiya da suka tilasta musu suka mamaye al'adun Indiyawan Amurka.

## Dokar sake tsarawa ta Indiya
Don sanya waɗannan ra'ayoyin gyare-gyare a cikin doka, Majalisa ta Amurka ta zartar da Dokar sake tsara Indiya ta 1934, wanda ya sauya manufofin Dokar Dawes,  kuma kamar yadda aka bayyana a sashi na 3 na wannan aikin shine "maido da mallakar kabilanci sauran ƙasashen da suka rage na kowane ajiyar Indiya da aka buɗe, ko kuma an ba da izinin buɗewa, don siyarwa, ko kuma wani nau'in zubar da shi ta hanyar sanarwar Shugaban kasa, ko ta kowane ɗayan dokokin jama'a na Amurka.  Dokar ta ba da kuɗi don fara kasuwancin kabilanci da kuma biyan kuɗin karatun koleji na matasa Indiyawan Amurka. An dakatar da tsarin rarraba kuma an dakatar da ƙarin asarar ƙasar Indiya. An ƙarfafa kabilun su kirkiro gwamnatocin kabilun da suka karfi. An baiwa kabilun damar kafa kundin tsarin mulki, samun ikon cin gashin kansu, da kuma kafa kamfanonin kabilanci. An fara shirin samar da kuɗin rance na tarayya don kwaleji da / ko kuɗin makaranta na sana'a. 

## Rashin amincewa
Masu sukar kungiyar kare hakkin Indiya ta Amurka sun yi korafin cewa Collier bai samu isassun bayanai daga kabilun da kansu ba wajen tsara manufofi, kuma shirye-shiryen na rage karfin mata a wasu kabilu. Har yanzu, kashi biyu bisa uku na al'ummar Indiyawan Indiyawan ƙasar sun kada kuri'a don shiga cikin sabbin shirye-shiryen.

## Manazarta