CEMAC

**Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziki da Kuɗi na Afirka ta Tsakiya**, gabaɗaya ana magana da ita ta Faransanci acronym **CEMAC** (na **Communauté Économique et Monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale** ; Spanish   ), wata kungiya ce ta kasashen Afirka ta Tsakiya da Kamaru, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, Chadi, Jamhuriyar Congo, Equatorial Guinea da Gabon suka kafa don bunkasa tattalin arziki tsakanin kasashen da ke da kudin bai daya, CFA franc na Afirka ta Tsakiya . 

Akwai jita-jita mai ƙarfi tsakanin CEMAC da Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasar Afirka ta Tsakiya (ECMAS) a fagagen zama memba da kuma umarni. 

Cibiyoyin gama gari na CEMAC sun haɗa da Majalisar Shugabannin Ƙasa (    ) da Majalisar Ministoci; Hukumar da ke Bangui, da kotun shari'a a N'Djamena, da kuma majalisa a Malabo ;  Bankin Afirka ta Tsakiya (BEAC) a Yaoundé ; Hukumar Bankin Afirka ta Tsakiya (COBAC) da Hukumar Kula da Kasuwar Kudi ta Tsakiyar Afirka (COSUMAF), duka a Libreville ; da Bankin Raya Kasashen Tsakiyar Afirka (BDEAC) a Brazzaville . Kasashen CEmac kuma suna raba Hukumar Kula da Inshora ta Yanki (CRCA, a Libreville) tare da sauran ƙasashen Afirka na Yankin Franc .

## Tarihi

### Fage
A ƙarshen 1945, sabuwar 'yantar da Faransa ta yanke shawarar rage darajar kuɗinta, Faransa Franc, amma ta bar canjin kuɗi a cikin ƙasashenta na ketare waɗanda ba su taɓa samun irin wannan matsalar tattalin arziki ba. Ta haka ne ya kafa CFA franc (na  ) don mulkin mallaka a Afirka, da kuma CFP franc (  ) ga waɗanda ke cikin Tekun Fasifik, yayin da yankunan Caribbean suka ci gaba da yin amfani da franc na Faransa kuma Indochina sun yi amfani da wani nau'i na kudin waje, piastre na Indochinese na Faransa .

A Afirka ta Tsakiya, CFA franc an samar da shi tun lokacin da hukumar Caisse Centrale de la France d'Outre-Mer (CCFOM) ta ƙirƙira a ƙarƙashin wata dama ta bayar da dokokin ƙasar Faransa. A cikin 1955, an maye gurbin CCFOM a waccan rawar da sabon haɗin gwiwa, Institut d'Émission de l'Afrique Équatoriale Française et du Cameroun, wanda daga baya aka sake masa suna Banque Centrale des États de l'Afrique Équatoriale et du Cameroun (BCEA5EC) a cikin 19.

### UDEAC
A ƙarshen 1964, ƙasashe biyar da suka sami 'yancin kai (hudu na tsohuwar Faransa Equatorial Afirka, wato CAR, Chadi, Gabon da Jamhuriyar Kongo, da Kamaru) sun kafa Hukumar Kwastam da Tattalin Arziki na Afirka ta Tsakiya, wanda aka sani da UDEAC (    ), ta yarjejeniya da aka sanya hannu a Brazzaville.  Yarjejeniyar Brazzaville ta yi hasashen wata ƙungiyar kwastam tare da ciniki cikin 'yanci tsakanin membobi da kuma kuɗin fito na waje gama gari don shigo da kaya daga wasu ƙasashe. Ya fara aiki ne a shekarar 1966 bayan da kasashe biyar membobi a wancan lokaci suka amince da shi. 

### Yankin Kudi na Afirka ta Tsakiya
A cikin 1972, an sake fasalin tsarin tare da sake fasalin yarjejeniya da sabuwar yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwar kuɗi wanda ya haifar da canza sunan BCEAEC zuwa BEAC da ƙaura daga Paris zuwa Yaoundé. An kammala canja wuri a farkon 1977.  Equatorial Guinea ta shiga Tarayyar ne a ranar 19 ga Disamba 1983. 

### Yarjejeniyar CEmac (1994) da kuma bayanta
A cikin 1994, UDEAC ta rattaba hannu kan yerjejeniyar N'Djamena don kafa CEMAC don inganta dukkan tsarin haɗin kai na yanki ta hanyar kafa ƙungiyar kuɗi tare da CFA franc na Afirka ta Tsakiya a matsayin kudin gama gari. Sakamakon haka CEMAC ta maye gurbin UDEAC a hukumance a watan Yuni 1999,  tana aiki da ƙungiyar kwastan da ƙungiyar kuɗi.

A cikin watan Yunin 2008, ƙasashen da ke halartar taron sun rattaba hannu kan wata sabuwar yarjejeniya kan ƙungiyar lamuni ta Afirka ta Tsakiya (    ). 

A ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2024, shugabannin CEMAC na shirin gudanar da wani taro tare da tawagar IMF da ta halarta,  don tattauna yiwuwar rage darajar CFA Franc, ta yadda za a iya sake fara samar da kudade daga Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya (IMF). 

## Dubawa
Manufofin CEMAC sune haɓaka kasuwanci, kafa cibiyar kasuwanci ta gaskiya, da ƙarin haɗin kai tsakanin al'ummomi da ga ƙasashe da yankuna marasa galihu.  A cikin 1994, ya yi nasarar gabatar da ƙuntatawa ga ƙididdiga da raguwa a cikin iyaka da adadin kuɗin fito. A halin yanzu, ƙasashen CEmac suna raba tsarin kuɗi na bai ɗaya, tsari, da tsarin shari'a, kuma suna kiyaye jadawalin kuɗin fito gama gari kan shigo da kaya daga ƙasashen da ba na CEMAC ba. A ka'ida, an kawar da jadawalin kuɗin fito kan ciniki tsakanin CEAC, amma an jinkirta aiwatar da wannan cikakken aiki. Motsin jari a cikin CEmac kyauta ne. 

Tabarbarewar tattalin arzikin CEMAC sakamakon faduwar farashin man fetur da ya fara a shekarar 2014, saboda duk mambobi ban da CAR sun dogara sosai kan kudaden shigar mai. Asusun ajiyar kuɗi na ƙasa da ƙasa ya ragu, kuma an tattauna batun rage darajar CFA Franc. Daga karshe, taron shugabannin kasashe a shekarar 2016 ya dauki cikakken shirin yin garambawul, wato PREF-CEMAC, don daidaita lamarin.

## Manazarta