Yanayin jin kai a lokacin yakin basasar Libya (2011)

A ƙarshen watan Fabrairun 2011, kayan kiwon lafiya, man fetur da abinci sun kasance masu haɗari a Libya. A ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, Kwamitin Red Cross na Duniya ya kaddamar da roko na gaggawa na US $  don biyan bukatun gaggawa na mutanen da tashin hankali ya shafa a Libya. A ranar 2 ga watan Maris, babban darakta na ICRC ya tunatar da duk wanda ke shiga cikin tashin hankali cewa dole ne a ba ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya damar yin ayyukansu lafiya.

A cewar Al Jazeera a ƙarshen Fabrairu na wannan shekarar, shaidu sun ba da rahoton cewa ana kai wa ma'aikatan ƙaura na Afirka hari, rauni, kuma watakila 'yan adawa da gwamnati ne suka kashe su. "Mutanen yankin ne ke kai mana hari wadanda suka ce mu 'yan kasuwa ne da ke kashe mutane. Bari in ce ba sa son ganin baƙar fata, " Julius Kiluu, mai kula da gine-gine mai shekaru sittin, ya gaya wa Reuters. "An ƙone sansaninmu, kuma ofishin jakadancin Kenya da kamfaninmu sun taimaka mana don zuwa filin jirgin sama, "in ji shi.

A ranar 2 ga watan Maris, jirgin ruwa na Royal Navy na Burtaniya HMS  ya isa Benghazi ɗauke da kayan kiwon lafiya da sauran taimakon jin kai da Gwamnatin Sweden ta bayar. Kayan kiwon lafiya, gudummawa ga Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Benghazi, ya kamata a kai su kai tsaye zuwa Filin jirgin saman Benghazi amma an karkatar da su zuwa Malta lokacin da filin jirgin ya rufe. Sojojin Malta sun sauya su daga filin jirgin sama zuwa mai hallaka a takaice. A ranar 8 ga watan Maris, wani jigilar motoci daga Shirin Abinci na Duniya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (WFP) sun shiga Libya kuma za su isa birnin tashar jiragen ruwa na gabashin Benghazi a wannan rana, in ji WFP a cikin wata sanarwa. Wani jirgin ruwa da ke ɗauke da tan saba'in na sanduna masu karfi sun haye iyakar Masar da dare a kan hanyarsu zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta gabas. A ranar 7 ga watan Maris, mai kula da agaji na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Valerie Amos ya bayyana cewa fada a fadin Libya yana nufin cewa fiye da mutane miliyan daya da ke tserewa ko a cikin kasar suna buƙatar taimakon jin kai. Taimako na Musulunci da WFP sun kuma daidaita jigilar kayan aikin jin kai zuwa Misrata.

Turkiyya ta aika da jirgin ruwa na *Ankara*, wanda aka canza shi zuwa jirgin asibiti, don taimakawa wadanda suka ji rauni a yakin a Misrata. Jirgin ya tsaya a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Misrata a ranar 2 ga Afrilu, kuma jiragen saman F-16 na Sojojin Sama na Turkiyya goma sha biyu da ke Bandırma da Dalaman, jirgin saman tanki guda hudu da ke İnIncirlik da kuma jirgin ruwa na Turkiyya TCG Yıldırım sun raka shi. Bayan an dauki mutane 230 da suka ji rauni da ma'aikata 60 a cikin jirgin, jirgin ya bar Misrata zuwa Benghazi. A ranar 4 ga Afrilu, jirgin ya tashi daga Benghazi zuwa Turkiyya tare da ƙarin mutane 190, ciki har da 90 da suka ji rauni. Gidauniyar Taimako ta IHH ta aika da jirgin ruwa dauke da kwantena tara tare da tan 141 na taimakon jin kai ciki har da magani, kunshin abinci, tsarin jarirai, madara foda, kayan tsabta, da tufafi. Jirgin ya tashi daga Turkiyya kuma ya sauka a Malta.

A ranar 11 ga Afrilu, daruruwan ma'aikatan kasashen waje daga kasashe da suka hada da Bangladesh, Masar, Ghana, Nijar da Sudan - wadanda a baya suka janyo hankalin su da ayyukan da suka yi a Misrata mai wadata - ba a kwashe su ba. &nbsp;&nbsp;Wani mai magana da yawun ma'aikata ya ce akwai ma'aikata 650 da suka makale daga Ghana, 750 daga Chadi, da 2,000 daga Nijar. Wani mai magana da yawun ya kuma ba da rahoto na Daily Telegraph takardun sunayen da ya ce suna wakiltar daruruwan 'yan Sudan da suka makale.

Fiye da kwanaki hamsin, Misrata ta harbe ta da bindigogi kuma tankuna da masu harbi suka harbe ta, kuma sama da kwanaki ashirin sojojin Gaddafi sun rufe ruwan da gangan. Sojojin Gaddafi sun sake tura ruwa cikin rijiyoyin ruwa da gangan. Yayin da kayan aiki suka ragu, daruruwan dubban mutane suna cikin haɗarin mutuwa.

Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam sun ba da gudummawa ga shaidu masu yawa game da cin zarafin kare hakkin dan Adam a lokacin rikicin Libya. A watan Agustan shekara ta 2011, likitocin kare hakkin dan adam sun wallafa wani rahoto game da Misrata wanda ke ba da labarin mummunar keta hakkin dan adam da shaidar laifukan yaki ciki har da azabtarwa, kisa ta gaba ɗaya, fyade a matsayin makami na yaki, tilasta bacewar fararen hula a matsayin garkuwar ɗan adam, hare-hare marasa nuna bambanci ga fararen hula, da keta tsakatsaki na likita. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2011, PHR ta fitar da wani rahoto wanda ya rubuta shaidar kisan kiyashi a wani ɗakin ajiya a Tripoli inda sojoji na Brigade na 32 na Khamis Qaddafi suka tsare, suka yi wa fyade, suka azabtar da kuma kashe akalla fursunoni 53. Binciken PHR da rahoton da ya biyo baya sun samar da cikakken bayani na farko game da kisan kiyashi na Brigade na 32, kuma sun ba da shaidar da ake buƙata don tabbatar da lissafi ga laifuka bisa ga ka'idojin shari'a na duniya.

Wani jirgin jin kai ya tsaya a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Misrata a ƙarshen ranar 14 ga Afrilu don fara kwashe kusan baƙi 8,300 da ke zaune a kusa da tashar jiragen sama a cikin masauki na wucin gadi a cikin alfarwa da mafaka da aka yi da tarpaulins. Har ila yau, Red Cross ta fitar da wata sanarwa cewa tana sa ran daya daga cikin kayan aikin kiwon lafiya ya isa Misrata a nan gaba.

A ranar 11 ga Mayu, Ministan Harkokin Waje na Poland Radoslaw Sikorski ya ziyarci Benghazi, a lokacin da Gwamnatin Poland ta ba da jigilar taimakon kiwon lafiya ga waɗanda suka ji rauni a lokacin rikice-rikice a Misrata da sauran biranen Libya.
## Halin wahala da ma'aikatan ƙaura a Libya

Ƙasar da ke da ɗimbin masu ƙaura a Arewacin Afirka, ma'aikatan ƙaura a Libya sun kai kashi 10.5% na yawan jama’ar Libya gaba ɗaya a shekarar 2010. Ma'aikatan ƙaura na tattalin arziki a Libya sun fito ne daga ƙasashe masu yawa. A baya, yawancin ma'aikata sun fito ne daga ƙasashen Larabawa, musamman Masar da Tunisia, amma a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, an ga ƙaruwa daga 'yan ƙasar Afirka da ke kudu da Sahara sakamakon sassauta dokokin iyaka. A cewar World Bank, a shekarar 2009 ma'aikatan ƙaura sun tura kimanin dala biliyan 1 zuwa gida, wato kashi 1.7% na GDP na Libya.

'Yan ƙaura sun fara tserewa daga rikicin Libya yayin da tashin hankali ke ci gaba da ƙaruwa. Lokacin da suka fara fita zuwa iyakokin Masar da Tunisia, International Organization for Migration (IOM) ta fara aikin gaggawa na fitar da ma'aikatan ƙaura da suka makale a iyakokin duniya. An basu agajin jin kai, ciki har da kiwon lafiya daga IOM, da kuma fitar da su nan da nan tare da haɗin gwiwar gwamnatocinsu zuwa ƙasashensu cikin kwanaki biyar zuwa bakwai. Makarar iyaka da ake amfani da su sun haɗa da Sallum a Masar; Ras Ajdir zuwa Tunisia; Dirkou a Nijar; da Faya a Chadi. A ranar 10 ga Yuli, yawan waɗanda suka haye iyaka daga Third Country Nationals (TCN) ya haura mutum 290,000. A cikin rikicin Libya, TCN sun haɗa da 'yan ƙaura da suka haye daga Libya zuwa wata ƙasa da ba asalinsu ba. A ranar 10 ga Yuli, IOM ta fitar da fiye da mutum 150,000 zuwa ƙasashensu ta jirgin sama, jirgin ruwa, da motoci na duniya.

Birni na uku mafi girma a Libya, Misrata shi ne sansanin mayaƙa a yammacin ƙasar kuma yana fuskantar harin makami daga rundunar Gaddafi. An buƙaci fitar da gaggawa saboda yawan marasa lafiya masu rauni da suka makale cikin harin. IOM ta haya jiragen ruwa daga Misrata zuwa Benghazi domin fitar da waɗanda suka ji rauni. Jiragen sun ƙunshi asibitoci da LibAid ke kula da su da sashen kula da raunukan kai da aka samu daga fashewar harsasai. Tun daga tsakiyar Afrilu, IOM ta ceci fiye da mutum 7,500 a cikin fitarwa ta jirgin ruwa sau goma. Da zarar an isa Benghazi, an ɗauke su zuwa Sallum a Masar ta hanyar mota kuma IOM ta ci gaba da taimakawa wajen dawo da su gida.

'Yan ƙaura sun makale a wasu sassan Libya, kamar Sebha da Gatroum a kudu. Daga cikin Chadiyan 2,000 da suka makale a Sabha da Qatrun, kusan kashi 40% mata ne, yara da tsofaffi da ke rayuwa cikin mawuyacin hali a dajin kudu na Libya. IOM ta fara fitar da su ta jirgin sama tun farkon watan Yuli. Yayin jiran fitarwa, an basu abinci, ruwa, kayan tsafta da kulawar lafiya daga IOM da Libyan Red Crescent.

## Manazarta