Goro

**Goro**, suna ne na ɗan itaciya mai dogon tarihi da tasiri. Muhimmancinsa a rayuwar al’ummu daban-daban a faɗin duniya musamman ma Afirka , ya kuma haɗa da zamowarsa abinci, magani, abin girmama baƙo, abin amfanin al’ada , hanyar neman kuɗi da sauran su. Batun dangantakar goro da lafiya, shi ne abin da ya zama fagen cece-ku-ce a tsakanin jama’a. Sai dai, duk da illar da goron ke yi wa lafiyar ɗan’adam kamar yadda ake ta yayatawa, binciken masana ya tabbatar da cewa, “Amfanin goro ga lafiyar ɗan’adam ya fi illolinsa yawa”,

Ugwu da Tawagarsa (2020). Yana washe (wanke) baki, yana ƙara kuzari, yana gusar da yunwa da ƙishin ruwa, yana wartsakar da jiki sannan kuma yana ɗauke da sinadaran magani da sauran abubuwa masu tarin yawa (Lovejoy, 1980) A kimiyyance ana kiran itaciyar da ke samar da goro da Cola nitida ko kuma Cola acuminate wadda ke da asali da Afirka (Lovejoy, (1980) Gestrich da Tawagarsa, 2021;) Asogwa da Tawagarsa, 2011), ake kuma noma ta a ƙasashen Najeriya, Kamaru, Ghana, Benin, Ivory Coast, BraziAJPSLS West Indian Islands wadda a duk shekara ake noma samada tan Dubu Dan re,uku 300,000 (Gestrich da Tawagarsa, 2021; Ugwu da Tawagarsa, 2020; Alaribe, Ejezie da Ezedinachi, 2003; Asogwa da Tawagarsa, 2011). 

Goro, yana kan gaba a cikin muhimman hajojin da aka kwashe shekaru ana cinikinsu a zamanin Kasuwancin Hamada na Yammacin Afirka (Lovejoy, 1980).

## Tarihi

Goro, abu ne mai dogon tarihi, wadda sanin takamaiman lokacin da duniya, musamman Afirka ta Yamma ta fara noma wannan itaciya abu ne da ba a kai

ga tantance shi ba kimiyyance. Sai dai, binciken kimiyyar tarihi; akiyoloji na baya-bayan nan da aka gudanar a garin Togu Missiri kusa da garin Ségou a ƙasar

Mali, ya tabbatar da samuwar guntattakin itaciyar goro mai suna Cola cf Nitida a kimiyyanci da ke alamta samuwar goron a cikin jerin hajojin da aka yi hada-

hadarsu tun cikin ƙarni na goma sha ɗaya zuwa ƙarni na goma sha huɗu a zamanin kasuwanci Hamada kamar yadda ya zo a Gestrich da Tawagarsa, (2021).

Shi kuwa Lovejoy (1980), cewa ya yi: "Goro, musamman ma Cola nitida , yana

cikin muhimman hajoji a kasuwancin Afirka tun shekaru aru-aru da suka

shuɗe...". Abin da ke tabbatar da jimawar wannan itaciya a duniya.( A )taƙaice dai,

goro ya haura shekara dubu a duniya.

## Asali
Masana da suka haɗa da Lovejoy, (1980); Gestrich da Tawagarsa,(2021); Asogwa da

Tawagarsa, (2011) da sauransu, duk sun haɗu a kan cewa, Goro ɗan Yammacin Afirka (West Africa) ne.

## Suna
Goro, yana da sunaye da daman gaske da suka bambanta da bambancin harshe ko

yanki. Sunansa na gama-gari a Hausance shi ne goro , a Turance Kola

nut ko Kolanut, a Yarabance obi , a Ibonci kuma oji sai kuma a kimiyyance da

ake kiran wasu daga cikin nau’ukan da suka fi shahara da cola nitida, cola

acuminata, cola verticillata da kuma cola anomala.

## Nau’uka
Masana sun bayyana cewa, goro yana da nau’ukan da yawansu ya haura 140 a

duniya (Dadzie da Tawagarsa (2013), tare da cewa, guda hamsin daga ciki duk a

Afirka ake noma su (Dadzie da Tawagarsa, 2013). Nau uku huɗu daga

ciki; kamar yadda ya zo a Lovejoy (1980), da suka haɗa da C. nitida, C. acuminata,

C. verticillata da C. anomala, su suka fi shahara tare kuma da amfani a kasuwancin Afirka.

## Sinadarai
Lovejoy (1980), ya zayyano waɗannan sinadarai masu zuwa a matsayin

sinadaran da goro yake ɗauke da su.

1. Caffeine: Yana aiki a ɓangaren sassan isar da saƙo (central nervous system).

2. Theobromine: Yana ƙarfafar damatsu (Muscles).

3. Kolatin: Yana aiki a ɓangaren zuciya.

4. Bilkodi (Glucose): Yana bai wa dukkan jiki kuzari.

## Amfani
Bisa la’akari da waɗancan muhimman sinadarai guda huɗu da aka zayyano a

sama, za a taras cewa, goro, yana da matuƙar amfani ga rayuwar bil’adama.

Masana da dama, sun bayyana ɗimbin alfanu da goro yake da shi gwargwadon

fahimta. Sprague (2018) ya ce: "A Afirka, an yi amfani da goro a matsayin kuɗi,

bukukuwan addini, ko kuma ƙulla yarjejeniyar zumunta (kamar aure da

sauransu)" kamar yadda aka wallafa a shafin Jami'ar California ta ƙasar

Amurka . Shi kuwa Ugwu da Tawagarsa (2020), cewa suka yi: “Kamata ya yi a ƙarfafa

guiwar cin goro, kasantuwar yana da amfani wajen warkar da cututtukan da

idan suka taso za a kashe maƙudan kuɗaɗe wajen warkar da su ta hanyar

shan magani kamar yadda aka saba”. Kenan, a bisa wannan magana za mu

fahimci cewa, cin goro yana yin rigakafin kamuwa da wasu cututtuka.

Ga kaɗan daga cikin irin cututtukan da goro yake warkarwa:

1. Maganin ciwon kai.

2. Maganin jiri.

3. Ƙara ƙarfin jima’i.

4. Ƙara ɗanɗano ga ruwa maras daɗi.

5. Maganin tashin zuciya.

6. Ƙarin Kuzari: Cin matsakaicin goro guda ɗaya, daidai yake da shan kofi

uku na ƙaƙƙarfan kofi (string coffee) na Amurka.

7. Taimakawa narkewar abinci.

8. Tallafawa kewayawar jini (blood circulation).

9. Taƙaita yaɗuwar bakteriya mai cutarwa.

10. Rage barazanar kamuwa da cutar kansar da damuwa (prostrate cancer)

ke haifarwa.

## Illa
Duk da irin ɗimbin alfanu da cin goro ke haifarwa, to kuma ba zai rasa tasgaro ba.

Ugwu da Tawagarsa (2020), su ka ce: “An gano alfanu mai tarin yawa dangane da

cin goro, duk kuwa da illolin da ke tattare da yin haka idan aka yawaita cinsa kuma

cikin lokaci mai tsawo”. Abin nufi, ɗaukar tsawon lokaci (shekaru) ana

yawaita cin goro shi ke haifar da matsala ga lafiyar bil’adama.

A wani binciken haɗin guiwa da Alaribe, Ejezie, da Ezedinachi (2003), suka

gudanar, sun bayyana cewa, yawan cin goro yana haɓɓaƙa ƙwayar cutar

zazzaɓin cizon sauro (malaria) tare da kwaikwayon ɗabi’un zazzaɓin cizon

sauron awasu lokuta. Kenan, idan har mai cin goro zai ci kaɗan a yini, to goro zai yi masa magani, idan kuma zai riƙa gabzarsa kamar tuwo, to

wani lokaci mai zuwa a gaba goron zai zamar masa illa.

## Kasuwanci
Goro, tsohuwar haja ce da ke ɗaya daga cikin muhimman hajojin fataucin

Hausawa zuwa yankin Kogin Volta, da ke cikin ƙasar Ghana a yanzu, yana ɗaya

daga cikin manya-manyan kasuwancin Yammacin Afirka. Lovejoy (1980), ya ce:

“A cikin ƙarni na goma sha tara, ana samun dubbanmutane suna yin tafiyar

sama da kilomita dubu ɗari tara zuwa Asante domin sayar da hajojinsu tare

kuma da saro goro”. Har zuwa yau ɗin nan (2021), ana jigilar

goro daga Najeriya zuwa ƙasashen Asia, Australia, Tsakiyar Amurka

(CentralAmerica), Kudancin Amurka (South America), Amurka ta Arewa (North

America), Turai ta Gabas (Eastern Europe), Turai ta Yamma (Western

Europe) Afirka ta Tsakiya, Afirka ta Arewa, da sauran sassan duniya.

Akwai wasu kasuwanni a cikin birnin Kano da ke Najeriya waɗanda

cinikayyar goro kawai ake yi a cikinsu. Kasuwar Ujile , da Kasuwar Mariri sun

keɓanta da sayar da wannan haja. Tare da haka kuma, kusan dukkan

kasuwannin da ke Kano akan samu rumfunan da ke sayar da wannan haja.

## Manazarta