open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
John Barker (mai yin fim)

**John Barker** ɗan fim ne na Afirka ta Kudu a Johannesburg . Ya sami shahara ta hanyar fasalinsa na farko na darektan *[[Bunny Chow (fim)|Bunny Chow]]* (2006), wanda aka nuna a bikin fina-finai na Toronto (TIFF). Sauran fina-finai sun hada da *[[Spud 3: Learning to Fly|Spud 3: Koyon tashi]]* (2014), Wonder Boy for President (2015), da The Umbrella Men (2022).

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Barker ga iyayen Clive Barker (kocin Bafana) da Yvonne . A lokacin gasar cin Kofin Duniya na FIFA na 2010 a Afirka ta Kudu, Barker ya yi fim din Soccer: South of the Umbilo game da yarinta da ke girma a kudancin Durban, wanda ya samar da 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa da masu horar da su da yawa ciki har da mahaifinsa.

## Ayyuka
Barker ya rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da fim din kiɗa na farko na Afirka ta Kudu Blu Cheez .  Daga bisani  ba da umarnin shirin kiɗa na Kwaito Generals wanda Kutloano Skosana na Black Rage ya samar, wanda ya mayar da hankali ga taurari waɗanda ke kan gaba a ƙungiyar Kwaito ta ƙarshen shekarun da suka gabata da farkon 2000s.  wannan lokacin ya shiga The Pure Monate Show . [1] Ya ba da umarnin zane-zane a kakar wasa ta farko kuma ya ba da umarni kuma ya rubuta zane-zane don kakar wasa ta biyu.

Barker  rubuta, ya samar kuma ya ba da umarni ga *Bunny Chow*, wanda ya yi amfani da dabarar rubutun retro tare da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo suna inganta tattaunawarsu don sadarwa da rubutun da aka tsara wanda Barker, David Kibuuka, Kagiso Lediga, Joey Rasdien da editan Saki Bergh suka rubuta. Barker na gaba ya ba da umarnin *[[Spud 3: Learning to Fly|Spud 3: Koyon tashi]]* tare da Troye Sivan, John Cleese da Caspar Lee .  Boy for President [1] shi ne fim dinsa na biyu da aka rubuta tare da yawancin abokan aikinsa daga *Bunny Chow*; fim din kallo ne na satirical game da siyasar Afirka ta Kudu. Barker daga ba ya kammala The Umbrella Men, wanda aka zaba don nunawa a bikin fina-finai na Toronto na 2022.

## Ayyuka

* *Blu Cheez* (2003) 
* Kwaito Janar (2003) 
* *[[Bunny Chow (fim)|Bunny Chow]]* (2006) 
* Cassette: Wanene Ka Amincewa (2007) shirin a kan Kungiyar Afirka ta Kudu Cassette .
* *Kwallon ƙafa: Kudancin Umbilo* (2010) 
* *Dalilai Miliyan 31* (2011) 
* *[[Spud 3: Learning to Fly|Spud 3: Koyon tashi]]* (2014) 
* Wonder Boy don Shugaban kasa (2015) 
* Mazajen Laima (2022) 

## Manazarta
Denaʼina harshe

**Dena'ina** /dɪˈnaɪnə/, kuma **Tanaina**, yare ne na Athabaskan na yankin da ke kewaye da Cook Inlet . Yana da bambancin ƙasa a Alaska a matsayin kawai yaren Alaska Athabaskan don haɗawa da yankin da ke kan iyaka da ruwan gishiri. Yawancin lokaci ana rarrabe yare huɗu:

# Upper Inlet, ana magana da shi a cikin Eklutna, Knik, Susitna, Tyonek
# Outer Inlet, ana magana da shi a Kenai, Kustatan, Seldovia
# Iliamna, ana magana da shi a Pedro Bay, Tsohon Iliamna, yankin Tafkin Iliamna
# Inland, ana magana a Nondalton, Ƙauyen Lime

Daga cikin yawan mutanen Denaʼina kusan mutane 900, mambobi 7r5-95 ne kawai ke magana da Denaʼina. James Kari ya yi aiki mai yawa a kan harshe tun alif dubu daya da dari tara da saba'in da biyu 1972, gami da fitowarsa tare da Alan Boraas na rubuce-rubucen da aka tattara na Peter Californsky a 1991. Joan M. Tenenbaum ta kuma gudanar da bincike mai zurfi kan harshe a cikin shekarun 1970s.

## Sunan kabilanci
Kalmar -language text" typeof="mw:Transclusion">*dena**Dena'ina* ta ƙunshi dena, ma'ana 'mutum' da kuma adadi mai yawa na ɗan adam ina. Duk da yake apostrophe wanda ya haɗu da ɓangarorin biyu na wannan kalma yawanci yana nuna tsayawa, yawancin masu magana suna furta wannan tare da diphthong, don haka syllable na biyu na kalmar yana da alaƙa da Turanci 'shekaru' (kamar yadda yake a cikin tsohuwar rubutun **Tanaina**).
 

## Fasahar sauti
Denaʼina yana ɗaya daga cikin harsuna bakwai na Alaska Athabaskan wanda ba ya rarrabe sautin sauti.

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi
Harshen Denaʼina a cikin rubutun rubutu, tare da kwatankwacin IPA.

## Manazarta
Yaren Deni

Deni(kuma **Dení**, **Dani**), yare ne na Arawan da ake magana a ƙasar Brazil . Deni yayi kama da sauran harsunan dangin yaren Arawan, amma musamman yayi kama da yaren Jamamadi.

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Tarin da ke cikin Tarihin Harsunan asali na Latin Amurka
Yaren Brokkat

Harshen Brokkat (Dzongkha: བྲོཀ་ཁ་; Wylie: Brok-kha; wanda kuma ake kira "Brokskad" da "Jokay") harshe ne mai hatsarin gaskeKudancin Tibet wanda kusan mutane 300 ke magana a ƙauyen Dhur a kwarin Bumthang Gundumar Bumthang a tsakiyar Bhutan. Brokkat yana magana ne daga zuriyar al'ummar yakhard makiyaya.

## Manazarta
Harshen Krache

**Krache** (Krachi, Krakye) yaren Guang ne wanda mutane sama da 58,000 ke yin magana da shi a Ghana .

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* ComparaLex, bayanan bayanai tare da jerin kalmomin Krache
Sara Blecher

**Sara Blecher** (An haife ta Gauteng) darakta ce kuma furodusa a Afirka ta Kudu.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Asalinsa daga Afirka  Kudu, iyalin Blecher sun koma Brooklyn, New York a 1981, lokacin da take da shekaru 12. Iyalinta sun fito  daga asalin Yahudawa na Lithuania, wanda ke sanar da wasu ayyukanta. B ɗan gajeren lokaci a Jami'ar Georgetown, Blecher ta zauna a Paris na shekara guda kuma ta shiga makarantar fim bayan ta dawo New York.  shekara ta 1992, jim kadan bayan kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar New York, ta koma Afirka ta Kudu.  ba da umarnin shirye-shiryen Surfing Soweto da Kobus And Dumile .

An zabi ta a matsayin Darakta Mafi Kyawun Fim a 2013 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards don fim dinta na farko Otelo Burning, labarin yadda Otelo Buthelez mai shekaru 16 ya koyi yadda za a yi amfani da shi a lokacin wariyar launin fata. Fim din ya lashe kyaututtuka 17 a duniya. An yi fim din a cikin Zulu, tare da subtitles na Turanci, da taurari Jafta Mamabolo, Thomas Gumede, da Tshepang Mohlomi .  nasarar Otelo Burning, Blecher ya sami tallafi daga Gidauniyar Fim da Bidiyo ta Kasa (NFVF) don "slate of films". Fim dinta  biyu, *[[Ayanda]]*, ya fara ne a ranar 10 ga Oktoba a bikin fina-finai na BFI na London na 2015 kuma ya dauki girmamawa ta kasa da kasa a bikin fina'a na LA a shekarar 2015.

Blecher  yi aure kuma tana da 'ya'ya uku.

## Hotunan fina-finai

* ''Mayfair'' (2018) 
* *[[Dis ek, Anna|Ka ce, Anna]]* (2015) 
* *[[Ayanda]]* (2015) 
* Otelo Burning (2013) 
* Surfing Soweto (2010) 
* *[[Kobus And Dumile|Kobus da Dumile]]* (2002) 

## Manazarta
Yaren Nese

Nese yare ne ko yare na Tekun Tekun da ba su wuce ashirin ba da mutane sama da ashirin suka sani a yankin Matanvat da ke arewa maso yammacin tsibirin Malakula a Vanuatu. Yanzu ba kasafai ake magana ba, kasancewar Bislama ta maye gurbinsa a matsayin hanyar sadarwa ta farko.

Nese yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan harsunan da ke da baƙaƙen harshe.

## Suna
Sunan Nese a zahiri yana nufin "menene".

## Manazarta
Yaren Lalo

**Lalo** (; Western Yi) is a Loloish language cluster spoken in western Yunnan, China by 300,000 speakers. Speakers are officially part of the Yi nationality, and Chinese linguists refer to it as "Western Yi" due to its distribution in western Yunnan. Lalo speakers are mostly located in southern Dali Prefecture, especially Weishan County, considered the traditional homeland of the Lalo. Historically, this area is the home of the Meng clan, who ruled the Nanzhao Kingdom (737–902&nbsp;CE). Many speakers of Core Lalo dialects claim to be descendants of the Meng clan.

## Sunayen
Yawancin Lalo ana kiransu da sunan *Menghua* (蒙化), sunan da aka yi amfani da shi a lokacin Daular Yuan don komawa ga yankin da ke kunshe da Weishan County da Nanjian County na zamani (Yang 2010:12). Ana kuma kiran su da mutanen *Tujia* (土家) (Yunnan 1956:14-15). 

David Bradley (2007)  yana nufin rukunin yaren Lalo, wanda ya haɗa da yaren Samatu na Zhenkang County da Yongde County, a matsayin *Laloid* .

## Yawan jama'a
Cathryn Yang (2010) ta ba da bayanan jama'a masu zuwa ga harsunan Lalo daban-daban. Haɗe, masu magana da yarukan Lalo sun kai ƙasa da mutane 300,000.

* Tsakiyar Lalo: masu magana 213,000 a fadin yammacin tsakiyar Yunnan a cikin Weishan County, Nanjian County, Jingdong County, da sauransu da yawa
* West Lalo: masu magana 44,000 Yongping County, Yangbi County, da Longyang CountyGundumar Longyang
* Gabashin Lalo: masu magana 15,000 a cikin Dali CountyGundumar Dali
* Yangliu: masu magana 7,000 a Yangliu, Gundumar Longyang, Gunduma ta Baoshan
* Eka: masu magana 3,000 a Yijiacun, Heliu, Shuangjiang County, Lincang Prefecture 
* Mangdi: masu magana 3,000 a Mangdi, Hepai, Gengma County, Lincang Prefecture; [1]  kuma a cikin Cangyuan CountyGundumar Cangyuan
* Xuzhang: masu magana 2,000 a Xuzhang, Wafang, Gundumar Longyang, Gunduma ta Baoshan [1] [2]

Wang & Zhao (2013), suna ambaton Chen, et al. (1985),  sun raba Yammacin Yi (Yammacin Yammacin Yankin) zuwa yaruka biyu, wato Dongshan da Xishan.  A cikin gundumar Lincang, masu magana da Yammacin Yi sun kai kimanin mutane 30,000 kuma suna da sunayen masu cin gashin kansu la21 lo33 hom21 da **'.

* Dongshan 东山: ana magana da shi a Weishan (gabas), Dali, Midu (a Dajiaban 大甲板 da Xiaojiaban 小甲板), Yongping, yankunan Baoshan
* Xishan 西山: ana magana da shi a cikin Weishan (yankin yamma), Dali, Yun, Changning, Lincang, Shuangjiang, Midu, Jingdong, Jinggu counties

A cikin garin Jianxing 建兴乡, Xinping County, Yunnan, ana magana da **Lalu 拉魯''' a cikin ƙauyuka biyu na Malutang 马鹿́́ da Mowei 磨味 da kusan mutane 3,000 (Wang 2011:11,20). 

* Malutang 马鹿 (1,552 Lalu mutane): a cikin ƙauyuka 11 na Goutoupo 狗頭坡, Gaoyingzhai 高阴寨, Cizhujing 刺竹警, Upper Mazongshan 上马宗山, Lower Mazongsham 下力马宗山 (Daliqi 大气), Yuwuxiang 武玉乡, Upper Mowei 上磨味, Lower Mowei 下磨味, Upper Yunpan 上云盘, Lower Yun
* Mowei  [1] (mutane 1,460 Lalu): a cikin ƙauyuka 6 na Malu Dazu 马鹿大组, Lalu Xiaozhai 腊鲁小寨, Laojing 老警, Xinzhai 新寨, Tianfang 田房, da Meizijing 梅子警.
Harshen Wusi

Wusi (Wusi-Kerepua) harshen teku ne da ake magana da shi a yammacin gabar tekun Espiritu Santo Island a Vanuatu .

## Manazarta
Roy Blumenthal

**Roy Blumenthal** (an haife shi a shekara ta alif dari tara da sittin da takwas 1968 a Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu) ya kasance mawaki mai aiki tun farkon shekarun 1990. 

Shi ne wanda ya kafa Barefoot Press, wanda ya fara buga Littattafai kyauta. An buga bugu biyar, tare da bugawa na 20 000 kowannensu.

## Ayyuka
Roy Blumenthal ya hada kai da Graeme Friedman, A Writer in Stone, haraji ga marubucin Afirka ta Kudu, Lionel Ibrahims. 
Blumenthal kuma marubuci , marubuci, mai yin fim, kuma mai zane-zane.

Mai ba da gudummawa sau daya ga MoneywebLIFE, 
Blumenthal mai sharhi ne na zamantakewa kuma wakilin al'adu wanda ke amfani da haɗuwa da gani, rubutu, da matsakaici don yin tsokaci mai kaifi game da yanayin zamantakewar Afirka ta Kudu.

Blumenthal yana rayuwa ne a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa na gani (aka, sketchnoter, ko mai girbi mai hoto), yana juya kayan da yake ji a tarurruka, tarurruka da bita zuwa hotuna.

## Manazarta
Harshen Makhuwa

**Makhuwa** (*Emakhuwa:* kuma ana rubuta **Makua** da **Macua**) shine Harshen Bantu na farko na arewacin Mozambique. Mutanen Makua miliyan huɗu ne ke magana da shi,waɗanda ke zaune a arewacin Kogin Zambezi, musamman a Lardin Nampula, wanda kusan dukkanin kabilanci ne na Makua.Ita ce yaren asalin ƙasar da aka fi magana da ita a Mozambique.

Baya ga harsuna a cikin wannan rukuni na,**Makhuwa** ya bambanta da sauran harsunan Bantu ta hanyar asarar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadadden + wasula don goyon bayan e; kwatanta *e*pula**', "ruwa", tare da [[Harshen Tswana|Tswana]] pula.

Tsawon da gajerun wasula suna rarrabe halaye biyar /i e a o u/, wanda ba a saba gani ba ga yaren Bantu:

* ''Omala'' - don gama,
* ''Omaala'' - don mannewa, tsayawa
* ''Omela'' - don tsiro, bud
* ''omeela'' - don raba

Harshen sun fi rikitarwa: ''p'' tt da ''tth'' sun wanzu, ana amfani da p da ''ph''. Dukkanin **'x** (Turanci "*sh*") da h sun wan*z* yayin da x ya bambanta da s. Yankin, akwai kuma *ng*">θ ("th" na Turanci "thorn"), *ð* ("th" ya Turanci "seethe"), z da ng. Mis a cikin eLomwe, wanda Makhuwa ke da alaƙa da shi, tt na eMakhuwa yana wakiltar "ch" kamar yadda yake a cikin "coci" na Turanci.

## Fasahar sauti

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

### Sautin sautin

### Sauti
A cikin Makhuwa, sautin ya bambanta. A cikin yaren eNahara, akwai sautuna biyu, ƙasa (L) da sama (H), kuma sautin da ke ɗauke da sautin a cikin ilimin Makhuwa shine mora. Sautin da ba a yi masa alama ba a rubuce, yayin da sautin da ya fi girma yana nunawa ta hanyar karin magana a sama da wasula ko hanci (á, ń) ko kusa da sautin sautin ('l).
## Manazarta
Yaren Negebi

**Njebi** (ko Nzebi, Njabi, Ndzabi, Yinjebi, da dai sauransu) yare ne na Bantu da ake magana a Gabon da Jamhuriyar Kongo .

## Fasahar sauti

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

* /z/ ana jin sa a matsayin [ʒ] lokacin da aka riga /i/.
* /ɡ/ ana iya furta shi a matsayin [ɣ] ko [x] a cikin bambancin kyauta.
* /b/ ana iya jin sa a matsayin implosive [ɓ] a cikin bambancin kyauta a matsayi na farko.

### Sautin sautin

Hakanan ana iya jin sautunan sautin a matsayin lokaci a wurare daban-daban.

## Misali
Mawakin Gabonese SeBa ta rubuta kuma ta raira waƙoƙinta a cikin harshen Njebi . 

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Manazarta
Saweru harshe

**Saweru** Yare ne na Papuan wanda ke da alaƙa da Yawa na tsakiyar Tsibirin Yapen a Geelvink (Cenderawasih) Bay, Indonesia, wanda wani lokacin ana ɗaukarsa yare ne. Ana magana da shi a Tsibirin Serui kawai a bakin teku.

Ba kamar Yawa ba, Saweru ba shi da bambanci mai ban sha'awa ga wakilin mutum na farko. Saweru amai yana  'mu', yayin da Yawa ke da 'mu (na musamman) ' da kuma  'mu (mafi da) '. 

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Ƙarin karantawa

* Donohue, Mark n.d. Saweru phonology da kuma jagorancin orthographic. Unpublished ms, Sashen Harshe, Jami'ar Sydney.
* Donohue, Mark n.d. Ƙafar canji a Saweru. Unpublished ms, Sashen Harshe, Jami'ar Kasa ta Singapore.
* Ayeri, Alfons da Mark Donohue. n.d. *Yafan (Saweru) Jerin kalmomi*. Ba a buga shi ba ms, Jami'ar Sydney.
## Manazarta
Harsunan Daju

Ana magana da yarukan Daju a cikin aljihun da aka ware ta Mutanen Daju a fadin yankin Sudan da Chadi. A Sudan, ana magana da su a wasu sassan yankunan Kordofan da Darfur, a Chadi ana magana da shi a Wadai. Harsunan Daju na cikin iyalin Gabashin Sudan na Nilo-Saharan . 

## Harsuna
An rarraba harsunan Daju kamar haka, bayan Stevenson (1956).
 
Robin Thelwall ne ya sake gina Proto-Daju (1981). A cikin hukuncinsa, harsunan Daju na Gabas sun rabu da sauran watakila kusan shekaru 2,000 da suka gabata, yayin da harsunan Yammacin Daju suka bazu kwanan nan, watakila ta jihar Daju wacce ta mamaye Darfur daga kimanin 1200 AD har sai sun warwatse bayan mutuwar Kasi Furogé, Sarkin Daju, kuma Tunjur ya maye gurbinsa. Babban bambancin sauti tsakanin rassan biyu shine tasirin proto-Daju *ɣ, wanda aka nuna a matsayin Yamma *r da Gabas *x.

## Harshen harshe
Tushen aikatau na yau da kullun a cikin Daju shine nau'in (C) VC (C). cikakke yana ɗaukar prefixed *k-*; imperfect, prefixed *a (n) -*. Aikatau yana ɗaukar ƙayyadaddun mutum, wanda aka kwatanta a cikin Shatt (don aikatau "sha" a cikin ajizanci):

Suffixes a kan sunaye suna aiki don nuna alamar (*-tic, -təs*), gama gari, da nau'ikan jam'i. Tsarin kalma na yau da kullun shine batun-kalma-abu a yawancin yarukan Daju, tare da banbanci kamar Sila, da mai mallaka-mai mallaka.

## Dubi kuma

*  (Wiktionary) 

## Bayanan da aka ambata

* R. C. Stevenson. "Binciken sauti da tsarin nahawu na yarukan Dutsen Nuba, tare da takamaiman ambaton Otoro, Katcha da Nyimang. " Afrika und Übersee 40, 1956-7.
* [Hasiya] 1981. "Ƙungiyar Ƙananan Ƙungiyoyi da sake ginawa na Ƙungiyar Daju" a cikin ed. Thilo C. Schadeberg & Lionel Bender, Nilo-Saharan: Ayyuka na Taron Harshe na Nilo-Daharan na Farko, Leiden, Satumba 8-10, 1980. Foris: Dordrecht.
* [Hasiya] 1981. *Ƙungiyar Harshen Daju*. Boston, Spa: Cibiyar Bayar da Takardun Laburaren Burtaniya. Rubuce-rubucen Doctoral, Coleraine: Sabuwar Jami'ar Ulster .

## Haɗin waje

* Harsunan Nuba da Tarihi, Robin Thelwall
* Taswirar Harshe na Sudan Huffman, Steve
## Manazarta
Harshen Ningil

Ningil yare ne na Torricelli na Papua New Guinea .

## Fasahar sauti
Harshen Ningil sune: 

Wasula na Ningil sune:

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Manazarta
Yaren Nalu

**Nalu** ( *nalɛ*, *nul*;  kuma ya rubuta **Nalou**  ) harshen Atlantika ne na Guinea da Guinea-Bissau, wanda mutanen Nalu ke magana, mutanen yammacin Afirka da suka zauna a yankin kafin zuwan Mandinka a cikin 14th. ko karni na 15.  Manya ne ke magana da shi. An kiyasta cewa mutane 10,000 zuwa 25,000 za su yi magana,  yayin da Wilson (2007) ya ba da rahoton cewa akwai kusan masu magana 12,000. Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin harshe mai haɗari saboda raguwar yawan masu magana.

## Rarraba
Sabanin rarrabuwa da suka gabata, Güldemann (2018) ya rarraba Nalu a matsayin wanda ba a rarraba shi ba a cikin Nijar-Congo.  ila yau, ba ta samar da rukuni tare da yarukan Rio Nunez ba.

rarraba Nalu a matsayin Nijar-Congo, Atlantic-Congo Mbulugish-Nalu . 

## Tarihi
bayyana mutanen Nalu da ke magana da Nalu a matsayin mazauna Afirka ta Yamma kafin Mutanen Mandinka. Wannan zai sanya su a matsayin wadanda ke cikin Afirka ta Yamma tsakanin ƙarni na 14 da 15.  (2007) ya ba da rahoton cewa mutanen Nalu sun fito ne daga Guinea-Bissau.

yau, masu magana da Nalu suna canzawa zuwa yaren Susu wanda ke samun karbuwa a Guinea. Yana da yawan mutanen da ke magana da manya. Ana ba da ƙarni na gaba a kan yaren, duk da haka, a cikin 'yan ƙauyuka masu nisa a kusa da Katoufoura.

## Yankin da aka rarraba
Ana magana da Nalu galibi a bakin teku, ko yankunan bakin teku, na Guinea da Guinea-Bissau .  Yawancin masu magana da Nalu a Guinea suna zaune a arewacin Kogin Nuñez a Tsibirin Tristão, a cikin karamar hukuma ta Kanfarandé wacce ita ce gundumar Boké.  Guinea-Bissau, yawancin masu magana da Nalu suna zaune a cikin kogin Cacine a Yankin Tombali.

## Fasahar sauti

## Kalmomin kalmomi
Nalu  sami canji mai sauti a cikin yarinta. Canjin sauti gabaɗaya yana faruwa ne saboda sautunan da ke buƙatar ƙarancin ƙoƙari ga mai magana. Wadannan canje-canjen sauti yawanci suna iyakance ga kowane yare a cikin harshe kuma misalai na canje-canjin sauti na yaren Nalu suna cikin sashin da ke ƙasa. Nalu yana da yare shida. Ana magana da uku a Guinea-Conakry kuma ana magana da uku ne a Guinée-Bissau .  Koyaya, ba a san dangantakar da ke tsakanin yarukan ba.
## Manazarta
Harshen Asa

Harshen Asa (Aasá), wanda aka fi fassara Aasax (kuma ana fassara shi da Aasá, Aasáx, Aramanik, Asak, Asax, Assa, Asá , mutanen Asa na Tanzaniya ne ke magana. Harshen ya bace; 'Yan kabilar Assa a arewacin Tanzaniya suna tunawa kawai 'yan kalmomi kaɗan da suka ji dattawansu suna amfani da su, kuma babu wanda ya taɓa yin amfani da shi da kansa. Kadan an san harshe; Abin da aka rubuta mai yiwuwa shi ne kalmomin ƙamus na Aasa da aka yi amfani da su a cikin rajistar Maasai, mai kama da gauraye harshen Mbugu.

## Rabewa
Asa yawanci ana rarraba shi da Cushitic, mafi kusanci da Kw'adza. Duk da haka, mai yiwuwa ya riƙe abin da ba na Cushitic ba daga canjin harshe na farko.

Mutanen Aramanik (Laramanik) sun taɓa yin magana Asa, amma sun koma Nandi (saɓanin Maasai).

## Kalmomi
An san Asa daga tushe guda uku: jerin kalmomi guda biyu daga 1904 da 1928, da tarin W.C. Winter daga 1974.

Wadannan su ne wasu kalmomi na Asa, tare da masu iya magana a cikin Kw’adza da Iraqw.

* 'babban': jira - Kw'adza dire
* 'Tsuntsu': širaʔa - Iraqw tsʼirʕi
* 'louse': ʔita - Iraqw itirmo
* 'jini': saʔaka - Kw'adza saʔuko
* 'kashi': farit - Kw'adza falaʔeto, Iraqw fara
* 'horn': hadoŋ - Kw'adza xalinko, Iraqw xaraŋ
* 'gashi': seʔemuk - Iraqw seʔemi
* 'kai': sogok - Kw'adza sagiko, Iraqw saga
* 'ido': ilat - Kw'adza ilito, Iraqw ila
* 'baki': afok - Kw'adza afuko, Iraqw afa
* 'harshe': šeferank - Iraqw tsʼifraŋ
* 'nono': isank - Iraqw isaŋ
* 'zuciya': monok - Kw'adza munaku, Irawn muna
* 'ruwa': maʔa — Kw'adza maʔaya, Iraqw maʔay
* 'sand': hajat - Kw'adza hasinko, Iraqw hasaŋ
* 'dutse': deʔok - Kw'adza tl'aʔiko, Iraqw tlʼaʕano
* 'don sha': wat- - Kw'adza wat-, Iraqw wah-
* 'cin abinci': ʔag- - Kw'adza ag-, Iraqw ʕayim-
* 'to lie': ʔat- - Kw'adza k'at-, Iraqw qat-
* 'to mutu': ga- - Kw'adza gwaʔ-, Iraqw gwa-
* 'kashe': gas- - Kw'adza gaʔis-, Iraqw gas-
* 'far': sanga - Kw'adza sagumu, Iraqw saw
* 'kusa': šaya - Kw'adza tsʼahemi, Iraqw tsʼew

Wasu kalmomin lamuni a cikin Asa daga wasu harsuna an san su:

* 'uku': samak da 'biyar': mut, daga Datooga
* 'kare': kite, daga Chaga

## Mahadan Waje

* Aasax basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database

## Manazarta
Harshen Soli

Soli yaren Bantu ne na Zambia. Yana daga cikin rukunin Botatwe, waɗanda ke zaune galibi a lardin Lusaka da Lardin Tsakiya tare da mutanen Tonga da Lenje.

## Duba kuma
Mutanen Soli

## Manazarta
Yaren Viid

**Yaren Senggi**, ko **Viid** yaren Papua ne na Indonesiya. Ana magana a ƙauyen Senggi, Gundumar Senggi, yankin Keerom.

## Manazarta
Maher Sabry

**Maher Sabry** (Arabic; an haife shi a ranar 11, ga watan Afrilu 1967), shi ne darektan gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Masar, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, darektan fina-finai, furodusa kuma marubucin fim, mawaƙi, mai zane-zane.

## Tarihin rayuwa.
Mai fafutukar gay, shi ne darektan farko da ya nuna ƙaunar gay da lesbian a cikin waƙa da tausayi a kan matakin Masar. Ya kuma ba da umarnin fim ɗin Masar na farko da ya lashe lambar yabo ta gay All My Life (a cikin Larabci তী عمري, fassarar Toul Oumry). Ya kuma wwallafa waka a cikin wallafe-wallafen lLarabci daban-daban kuma *Marionette* sshine tarin waka na ffarko, wanda Garad Books yya buga a Alkahira a sshekarar 1998.

## Fina-finai.

* 2008: *All My Life*

## Kyaututtuka.
*In 2002, he received the Felipa de Souza Award from the International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (IGLHRC).

## Sources
*Omar Hassan on PinkNews site: Interview: Arabic filmmaker Maher Sabry
*David Khalili in National Equality Resource Center: Exposing Oppression in Egypt

## Manazarta.

## Hanyoyin Hadi na waje
*
*IMDB ''All My Life'' page
**''All My Life'' website 
*IMDB ''Dangerous Living: Coming Out in the Developing World'' page
Jenna Bass

**Jenna Cato Bass** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1986) darektan fina-finai ne na Afirka ta Kudu, mai daukar hoto kuma marubuci.  rubuta manyan labaru a ƙarƙashin sunan **Constance Myburgh**, ɗaya daga cikinsu an ƙaddamar da shi don Kyautar Caine ta 2012.

## Rayuwa ta farko

haifi Bass a Landan, Ingila kuma ya girma a Afirka ta Kudu. Ta yi sihiri a Kwalejin sihirin . Ta tafi karatun digiri daga harabar Cape Town ta AFDA, Makarantar Tattalin Arziki .

## Ayyuka
A cikin 2011 Bass ya kafa Jungle Jim, mujallar almara. Fitowa ta 6 ta nuna labarin mai bincike mai suna 'Hunter Emmanuel', wanda ke nuna bincike kan wata karuwa da aka raba. An sanya labarin a cikin jerin sunayen don Kyautar Caine don Rubuce-rubucen Afirka a shekarar 2012. 

Fim din farko na Bass, Love the One You Love, an harbe shi a kan 'nano-budget' ta amfani da kyamarorin masu amfani da hannu da kuma rubutun da aka yi amfani da shi. Fim din  ba da labarin wani mai ba da sabis na wayar jima'i da ke tattauna dangantakarta da saurayinta kuma yana la'akari da ƙaura zuwa Koriya. Fim din  lashe kyautar fim din Afirka ta Kudu mafi kyau a bikin fina-finai na Durban na shekarar 2014.

High Fantasy (2017) wani labari ne mai ban tsoro game da ƙungiyar matasa matafiya waɗanda suka musanya jikinsu a kan tafiya ta sansani. Har ila yau  harbe shi a kan Iphone ta amfani da improvisation, fim din ya binciki "rashin jituwa na tseren, aji da jinsi a Afirka ta Kudu ta zamani".

 (2019), an harbe shi ne a kan kasafin kuɗi mafi girma.  zaba shi a matsayin fim na buɗewa a cikin 2019 Berlinale Panorama . [1]

## Ayyuka

### Gajerun labaru

* (a matsayin Constance Myburgh) 'Ramin a cikin Duniya', Jungle Jim, No. 2
* (a matsayin Constance Myburgh) 'Hunter Emmanuel*,* Jungle Jim, No. 6*, Na 6*

### Hotunan fina-finai

## Manazarta
Fawzi Saleh

**Ahmed Fawzi Saleh** (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Janairu 1981), mai shirya fim ɗin Masar ne.  An fi sanin  shi a matsayin darektan fim ɗin da aka fi sani da *[[Poisonous Roses]]*.  Baya ga harkar fim, Saleh ma mai fafutuka ne a zamantakewa. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Janairu 1981 a Alexandria, Masar. Ya sami digiri a fannin tarihi daga Jami'ar Suez Canal sannan ya sami digiri a fannin rubutun allo daga Babban Cibiyar Cinema na Cairo a shekarar 2009.

## Sana'a
A shekara ta 2008, ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin darakta na Rashid Masharawi.  Karkashin jagorancin Masharawi a shekara ta 2010, Saleh ya yi gajeriyar fim ɗin sa na farko Living Skin wanda aka fara gabatarwa a shekarar 2011. Fim ɗin ya sami yabo sosai kuma an nuna shi a yawancin bukukuwan fina-finai na duniya.

Tare da nasarar budurwa ta gajeren lokaci, sai ya yi fasalin budurwa mai suna Poisonous Roses a cikin shekarar 2018. Fim ɗin ya  fara fitowa a duniya a bikin fina-finai na ƙasa da ƙasa na 47 na Rotterdam a sashin Bright Future.  Fim ɗin  daga  baya aka zaɓa a matsayin shigarwar Masar don Mafi kyawun Fim na Duniya a 92nd Academy Awards, amma ba a zaɓe shi ba.

Ya kuma ba da gudummawa a matsayin mai sa kai a yawancin ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a Masar.

## Filmography

## Manazarta
Kamal el-Shennawi

**Mohammed Kamal el-Shennawi** (,  ; Disamba 26, 1921-Agusta 22, 2011) ɗan wasan fim ne na ƙasar Masar kuma ɗan wasan talabijin, darekta kuma furodusa.

## Filmography

## Manazarta
Kamal El Sheikh

**Kamal El Sheikh** ( ; 2 Fabrairu 1919 &#x2013; 2 Janairu 2004) darektan fina-finan Masar ne. Ya jagoranci fina-finai 28 tsakanin shekarun 1952 zuwa 1987, tare da takwas daga cikinsu a cikin Top 100 na fina-finan Masar. An san shi a cikin shekaru hamsin da farkon sittin a matsayin "Hitchcock na Masar" saboda tasirinsa a cikin fina-finan fitaccen darektan Burtaniya.

## Zaɓaɓɓun Filmography
* *[[Malak al-Rahma]]* (1946 - editor)
* *[[Al-Manzel Raqam 13]]* (1952)
* *[[Hob wa Dumoo`]]* (1955)
* *[[Life or Death (film)|Life or Death]]* (1955)
* *[[Ard al-Salam]]* (1957)
* *[[Sayyidat al-Qasr]]* (1958)
* *[[Hobbi al-Wahid]]* (1960)
* *[[Malaak wa Shaytan]]* (1960)
* *[[Lan Aataref]]* (1961)
* *[[Chased by the Dogs]]* (1962)
* *[[Last Night (1964 film)|Last Night]]* (1964)
**[[Three Thieves (1966 film)|Three Thieves]]* (Story 3) (1966)
**[[The Man Who Lost His Shadow|The Man who lost his Shadow]]* (1968)
**[[Sunset and Sunrise (film)|Sunset and Sunrise]]* (1970)
**[[Whom Should We Shoot?]]* (1975)
**[[The Peacock (1982 film)|The Peacock]]* (1982)

## Manazarta
Abu Bakr Shawky

**Bakr "A.B. Shawky** (Arabic) marubuci ne kuma darektan Masar-Austriya.  An zaɓi fim ɗinsa na farko, *[[Yomeddine]]*, don shiga cikin bikin fina-finai na Cannes na 2018 kuma an nuna shi a cikin sashin Babban Gasar kuma ya yi gasa don samun damar lashe kyautar Palme d'Or.

## Rayuwasa
Shawky ya auri Dina Emam. Su biyun sun yi aure bayan samar da fim din su, *Yomeddine*.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin Hadi na waje
*
Soheir Zaki

**Soheir Zaki** ( , an haife ta a Mansoura, Masar a ranar sha hudu 4 ga watan Janairu, shekar alif dari tara da arba'in da biyar 1945) 'yar wasan rawa ce kuma 'yar wasan Masar. Ta fito a cikin fina-finan Masar sama da 100 daga shekarun 1960 zuwa 1980.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Soheir Zaki a Mansoura, Misira a ranar 4 ga watan Janairu, 1945. Lokacin da take 'yar shekara tara, iyayenta suka kaura da iyalinta zuwa Alexandria. Mahaifinta ya mutu lokacin da take karama kuma mahaifiyarta ta sake yin aure. Mahaifinta daga baya ya zama manajanta. Zaki ta fara koyon yadda ake rawa ta hanyar kallon fina-finai da ke nuna Taheyya Kariokka da Samia Gamal.

## Ayyuka
Ta fara aikinta a matsayin mai rawa a Alexandria. Mai gabatar da talabijin Mohammed Salem ya gan ta tana rawa kuma ya yanke shawarar kaddamar da ita a matsayin mai gabatar da talabinjin a gidan talabijin na Masar. Koyaya, ta nuna kwarewa a matsayin mai rawa kuma ta zama sananniya saboda bayyanarta a shirye-shirye kamar *Adwoua El-Madina.*  Daga nan sai ta koma fitowa a fina-finai na Masar. Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a mafi yawan fina-finai, tana mai da hankali kan rawa.  A cikin tambayoyin, ta bayyana cewa Nagua Fouad ita ce "mafi girman abokin hamayyarta" a lokacin.

Zaki  ta kuma yi sau da yawa a cikin gidajen rawa na Masar, musamman a Otal din Nile Hilton a Alkahira.   A shekara ta 1964, ta zama mai rawa na ciki na farko don rawa ga kiɗan Umm Kulthum lokacin da ta yi rawa ga "Inta Omri".

A cikin aikinta, Zaki ta yi rawa ga 'yan siyasa da yawa, ciki har da Anwar Sadat, Gamal Abdel Nasser da Richard Nixon. Ta yi ritaya a shekarar 1992, kodayake daga baya ta koyar da rawa ta ciki a Kwalejin Masar ta Raqia Hassan ta Gabas a Alkahira.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Ta auri mai ɗaukar hoto na Masar Mohamed Emara.  Sun haifi ɗansu Hamada a shekarar 1987.

## Finafinai

* 1963 *Thaman al Hob* (Farin Ƙauna) 
* 1963 *Aelit Zizi*' (Iyalin Zizi) 
* 1963 *Sanawat El Hobb"* (Shekaru na Ƙauna) 
* 1964 *Hekayet Gawaz* (Labarin Aure) 
* 1964 *Daani wal demouh* (Shi kaɗai tare da hawaye na) 
* 1964 *Matloub Zawja Fawran* (An Intimate Wedding) 
* 1966 *[[Cairo 30|Alkahira 30]]*
* 1966 *Al Abeed* (The Idiot) 
* 1969 *Al-shaitan* (Shaiɗan) 
* 1969 *Al-Rajul Zu Al-Khamsat Wujooh* (Mutumin da ke da fuskoki biyar) - miniseries na talabijin
* 1970 *Seraa Maa el Mawt* (Yakin da Mutuwa) 
* 1970 El *Maganeen da Talata* (The Three Lunatics) 
* 1971 Rejal fil al Misyada (Mutanen da ke cikin tarko) 
* 1972 *Melouk al Shar* (Sarakuna na Mugunta) 
* 1975 Alo, ana al ghetta (Sannu, Ni ne Cat) 
* 1978 *Sultana al Tarab*
* 1978 'Allema Kal Akhira (Maganar Ƙarshe) 
* 1979 *Yomhel wala Yohmel* (Allah Ya jira amma Ba ya manta da shi) 
* 1982 *Aroussa Wa Gouz Ersan* (A Bride da ango biyu) 
* 1983 *Enna Rabbaka Labelmersad* (Ubangiji na Mai Tsaro) 
* 1983 *Al Rajel Elle Ba'aa al Shams*

## Manazarta
Henry Cornelius

**Henry Cornelius** (an haife shi Owen Henry Cornelius 18 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1913 &#x2D; 2 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1958) ya kasance darektan fina-finai na Afirka ta Kudu, furodusa, marubuci da kuma Editan fim. Ya jagoranci fina-finai biyar tsakanin 1949 da 1958. 

## Tarihin rayuwa
 
An haife shi a cikin dangin Jamusanci-Yahudawa,  Cornelius ya bar asalinsa na Afirka ta Kudu don yin aiki a ƙarƙashin Max Reinhardt a duniyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Berlin. Bayan Adolf Hitler ya zo mulki sai ya tafi Paris don samarwa da kuma jagorantar wasan kwaikwayo har sai René Clair ya zaba shi ya zama mataimakin edita mai magana da Ingilishi lokacin da Clair ya tafi Ingila don yin The Ghost Goes West .

Cornelius ya zauna tare da Alexander Korda's London Films don gyara fina-finai da yawa na gargajiya kamar The Four Feathers da The Lion Has Wings . Farawar Yaƙin Duniya na II ya kai shi ga komawa Afirka ta Kudu don zama Mataimakin Darakta na Sashin Fim na Gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu inda ya samar da kuma ba da umarnin shirye-shirye.

Lokacin da Cornelius ya koma Ingila a 1943, abokinsa Alberto Cavalcanti ya kawo shi Ealing Studios. Cornelius ya zama mataimakin furodusa da marubucin allo na yawancin Ealing classic kamar Hue and Cry da It Always Rains on Sunday. Ya fara jagorantar *Fasfo zuwa Pimlico* .

Nasarar fim din tare da jama'a da masu sukar ta kai shi ga neman karin albashi wanda Ealing ya ki. Ya bar Ealing don samar da fim dinsa mai suna The Galloping Major . Rashin nasarar wannan fim din ya sa Cornelius ya koma Ealing studios tare da ra'ayin Genevieve. Shugaban Ealing Michael Balcon bai damu da wani da ya bar Ealing ya koma garinsu ba, amma ya ba da shawarar shi da fim dinsa da Rank Organisation za ta samar.

Cornelius ya mutu yayin da yake yin Law and Disorder, tare da fim din da Charles Crichton ya gama.

## Hotunan fina-finai
**a matsayin Darakta**

* *Fasfo zuwa Pimlico* (1949) 
* The Galloping Major (1951) 
* *Genevieve* (1953) 
* *Ni kyamara ce* (1955) 
* *Kusa da Babu Lokaci* (1958) 

**a matsayin Edita**

* The Ghost Goes West (1935, mataimakin edita) 
* *Ka manta da Ni Ba* (1936) 
* *Mutane Ba alloli ba ne* (1936) 
* Drum (1938) 
* *Fuka-fukan Hudu* (1939) 
* *Zaki Yana da Fuka-fuki* (1939) 

## Manazarta
Yaren Ashraf

**Ashraf** ( Somali ) magana ce iri-iri na rashin tabbas a cikin harshen Omo-Tana ta Gabas da aka samu a gundumar Marka ta yankin Shebelle ta ƙasa da yankin Banaadir na kudancin Somaliya .

## Rarraba
A cewar Blench (2006) akwai ƙananan yare guda biyu: Shingani da Lower Shebelle .  Kamar yadda aka lura a cikin aikin da aka yi kwanan nan game da nau'ikan magana, Green & Jones (2016) :"*Abin da muke fatan ya kwatanta a cikin wannan magana shi ne cewa yayin da Marka (Af Ashraaf) na iya zama kama da wasu hanyoyi ga Arewacin Somaliya da Maay, duk da haka yana alfahari da wasu kaddarorin na musamman, musamman a cikin yanayin sa, cewa mun yi imanin ya cancanci bi da shi ba a matsayin Somali ko yaren Maay ba, amma a matsayin yare iri-iri na kansa.* "Irin wannan matakin na shakka game da lakabin wasu harsunan Omo-Tana a Somaliya (kamar Maay, Dabarre, Jiddu ) an bayyana shi a cikin Tosco (2012):*"An san cewa kalmar 'harshe' na iya nufin 'abubuwa' daban-daban. A cikin Somaliya, yana da aminci a ce duk yarukan Somaliya 'harshe ne' daga ra'ayi na zamantakewa da harshe, wato, dangane da rawar da suke takawa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, da kuma karɓar masu magana na Arewa-Tsakiyar Somaliya a matsayin matsakaici na yau da kullun. Duk da haka, ya kamata a tantance fahimtar juna kuma yarukan da haka (kamar yadda harshe ba zai iya fahimta ba).*

## Fasahar sauti
Jerin sauti na Ashraaf kamar haka:

## Dubi kuma

* Arewacin Somaliya
* Benadiri Somaliya

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Ƙarin karantawa

* Christopher R. Green da Evan Jones. 2019. Bayani game da yanayin Marka (AfAshraaf). A cikin Emily Clem, Peter Jenks & Hannah Sande (ed.), Ka'ida da bayanin a cikin ilimin harshe na Afirka: Zaɓaɓɓun takardu daga Taron Shekara na 47 kan ilimin harshe ta Afirka, 119-133. Berlin: Harshe Kimiyya Press. 
* Ajello, Roberto. 1984. Ya mayar da hankali ga yaren Ashraaf di Shingaani. A cikin Puglielli, Annarita (ed.), Aspetti morfologici, lessicali e della focalizzazione, 133-146. Roma: Dipartimento ta hanyar Cooperazione allo Sviluppo, Ministero degli Affari Esteri (Italiya).
Jackie Sawiris

**Jackie Sawiris** 'yar wasan Jordan/Masar ce, marubuciya kuma mai shirya fina-finai wacce ta shahara wajen yin wasan aljanar Larabawa Majida a cikin *Knightmare* daga shekarun 1993 zuwa 1994. Sauran fitattun wasan kwaikwayo sun haɗa da kunna Roz a cikin *Eyes Wide Shut* (1999).

## Aiki
Halinta a cikin Knightmare shine rawar da ta taka na Sawiris, ta fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayon na tsawon shekaru 2 har sai jerin sun ƙare a cikin shekarar 1994, ta maye gurɓin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo David Learner wanda ya yi wasan elf Pickle. Matsayinta a cikin jerin shine ta ba da wasu abubuwan ban dariya, Majida ta kan kira Dungeoneers a cikin kanta kuma a cikin Episode 1 of Season 7 ta canza ainihin kwalkwali na Adalci don sabon abu (cikakke da visor), da yawa ga bacin rai. na Treguard (Hugo Myatt).

Sauran fina-finai da aka zaɓa da  na TV Credits sun haɗa da Minti 45 zuwa Ramallah (2013), Incendies (2010), Kwanaki 10 zuwa Yaƙi (2008), Bill (1998), The Big Swap (1998), Emmerdale (sashe 4 a cikin 1998), da wasan bidiyo Krazy Ivan (1995) da Injin Mutuwa (1994).

## Furodusa/darakta
Tun a shekarar 1988 Sawiris ta yi aiki a bayan kyamara a matsayin darekta kuma mai samarwa akan yawancin Fina-finai & TV Production. Ta kasance mataimakiyar darakta (1st AD/2nd Unit) akan The Mummy Returns (2001). Ta kasance sakatariyar samarwa a kan sassan 12 na The Wire a cikin shekarar 2003. 

A halin yanzu tana aikin zaɓi na ayyuka da fina-finai, wasu rubuce-rubuce, ba da umarni da kuma tauraruwar kanta. 

## Filmography

### Talabijin

### Fim

### Wasanin bidiyo

## Manazarta
Harshen Dabarre

**Dabarre** (wanda aka fi sani da **Af-Dabarre**) yare ne na ƙasar Somaliya da kuma Dabarre da Ciroole ke magana da shi, duka ƙananan dangin Digil na Somaliya waɗanda ke zaune a kudu maso yammacin Somaliya. Yana da kuma kimanin masu magana 33,000. Harsuna sun hada da Dabarre da Ciroole (*Af-Ciroole*). 

## Manazarta
Harshen Larteh

**Larteh** yare ne na kudu maso gabashin ƙasar Ghana . Yana cikin rukunin harsunan Guang na harsunan Nijar da Kongo kuma kusan mutane 74,000 ne ke yin magana da shi.

## Nassoshi
Harsunan Omo-Tana

Harsunan **Omo-Tana** reshe ne na dangin Cushitic kuma ana magana da su a Habasha, Djibouti, Somaliya da Kenya. Mafi girman memba shine Somaliya. Akwai wasu muhawara game da ko yarukan Omo-Tana sun zama rukuni ɗaya, ko kuma su rassan Lowland East Cushitic ne.  (2006) ya ƙuntata sunan ga yarukan Omo-Tana na Yamma, kuma ya kira sauran Macro-Somali.

## Rarrabawar ciki
Mauro Tosco (2012)  ya ba da shawarar rarrabawar ciki na harsunan Omo-Tana. Tosco ya ɗauki Omo-Tama ya ƙunshi reshe na Yamma da reshe na Gabas ("Somaloid"), wanda shine jerin yaruka daban-daban na Somali da Harsunan Rendille-Boni (duba kuma harsunan Macro-Somali)

; Omo-Tana

* Yammacin ("Galaboid" ko "Arboroid") reshe
** Dhaasanac
** Arbore
** Elmolo
** Yaaku
* Gabas ("Somaloid") reshe
** Rarraba
** Karre-Boni
** Tunni-Dabarre
** Ashraaf
** Maay
** Somaliya

## Manazarta
Jarryd Coetsee ne adam wata

Jarryd Coetsee (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1982) marubuci ne kuma mai shirya fina-finai a Afirka ta Kudu. Fim dinsa, The Suit ya lashe kyaututtuka da yawa na kasa da kasa.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Coetsee a Pretoria inda ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Pretoria. Ya yi karatun wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi da Yin fim a Afirka ta Kudu da Burtaniya. Iyalinsa sune masu kula  Coetsenburg, daya daga cikin tsofaffin wuraren giya a Afirka ta Kudu, wanda aka kafa a shekara ta 1682.

## Aiki
Shortan fim ɗinsa, ''The Suit'',  ya sami lambobin yabo na duniya da yawa  gami da Kyautar Gajerun Fim a 11th SAFTAs  kuma an nuna shi a cikin biranen 83 da garuruwa a cikin ƙasashe sama da 20.  Fim ɗin ya ƙunshi wasan kwaikwayo na Tony Award wanda ya lashe kyautar John Kani da Atandwa Kani .  Uku daga cikin bukukuwan fina-finai da aka zabo su sune masu cancantar Oscar (Bikin fina-finai na Urbanworld, Bikin Fina-Finai na Afirka da kuma Bikin Fim na BronzeLens).    Coetsee shine kadai mai shirya fina-finai daga Afirka wanda Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma  ya zaba don martabarsa  Les Nuits en Ko 2017 (Golden Nights 2017)  wanda ya gan shi yana shiga cikin shirye-shiryen da suka shafi fim a Faransa., Italiya da Girka, da kuma samun lambar yabo daga UNESCO a hedkwatarta, Cibiyar Tarihi ta Duniya, a Paris don *Suit* wanda aka zaba a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan fina-finai talatin daga ko'ina cikin duniya. 

### Hotunan fina-finai

## Manazarta
Harshen Lelemi

**Lelemi** ko **Lefana** ( *Lε-lεmi, Lε-fana* ) mutanen Buem ne ke yin magana da shi a yankin Volta mai tsaunuka na ƙasar Ghana . Yana cikin rukunin harsunan tsaunin Ghana Togo (wanda aka saba kira da *Togorestsprachen* ko Togo Remnant Languages) na reshen Kwa na Nijar – Kongo .

## Nassoshi
Dick Cruikshanks

**Dick Cruikshanks**  (haihuwa 1874 - 3 ga Maris, 1947) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma darektan Afirka ta Kudu.

Ayyukansa sun haɗa  gajerun wasan kwaikwayo guda biyar da aka yi fim a 1917, uku daga cikinsu tare da 'yan wasan Afirka.

## Fim ɗin ɓangare

### Mai wasan kwaikwayo

* De Voortrekkers (1916) a matsayin Piet Retief
* Swallow (1918) a matsayin Jan Botmar 

### A matsayin Darakta

* Babban Matsalar (1917) 
* Yaran abinci (1917) 
* *Kirsimeti na Piccanini* (1917) 
* Zulu-Town-Comedies (1917) 
* *Ƙaddamarwa da Magana* (1918) 
* Babbar (1918) 
* *Faduwar ganyayyaki* (1919) 
* *Mai ba da labari John* (1920) 
* Kayan Kwari (1921) 
* *Blue Lagoon* (1923) 

## Manazarta
Amr Salama

**Amr Salama** (Arabic; an haife shi ranar 22 ga watan Nuwamba 1982) shi ne darektan fina-finai na Masar, Mai rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo, marubucin fim, kuma marubuci. 

## Ayyukan fim
An haife shi a Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, daga baya ya koma tare da iyalinsa zuwa Masar. Ya fara aikinsa na jagora da farko tare da gajeren fina-ffinai da tallace-tallace, bbayan haka ya koma fina-ffinai masu tsawo.

## Fina-finai

### Fim
* *[[Zay El Naharda|On a Day Like Today]]* (2008)
* *[[Tahrir 2011: The Good, the Bad, and the Politician]]* (jointly with Tamer Ezzat, Ahmad Abdalla and Ayten Amin)
* *[[Asmaa]]* (2011)
* *[[Excuse My French (film)|Excuse My French]]* (2014)
* *Made in Egypt* (2014)
* *[[Sheikh Jackson]]* (2017)

### Talabijin
* *Tayea* (2018)
* *[[Paranormal (TV series)|Paranormal]]* (2020)

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin Hadi na waje
*
Harshen Girirra

Girirra wanda kuma ake kira **Girma** **Gariire** yare ne na Cushitic na Habasha . Yana  da mabiya mai yawa daga Somaliya. Kodayake ba a fahimta da da shi ba a Somaliya ba, an kiyasta cewa kusan kashi 70% na yaren Garirra ya ƙunshi kalmomin aro na Somaliya.  a yi karatu da yawa game da yaren kanta kuma galibi ana haɗa shi cikin ƙaramin yaren  na dangin yaren Macro-Somali ciki har da dangi kamar: Rendille, Boni, Bayso, da yarukan biyu na Somali, kasancewa Af-Maay, da Af-Maxaa (Standard Somali). [1]

## Fasahar sauti
Wadannan sune alamun da aka samu a Girirra::

## Manazarta

## Ƙarin karantawa

* Mekonnen, Hundie Kumbi. 2015. Harshen Girirra (Harshe na Lowland East Cushitic na Habasha).  (Rubuce-rubucen Dokta, Jami'ar Addis Ababa; xxvii+367pp.)
Rob De Mezieres

**Rob De Mezieres** marubuci ne kuma darektan Afirka ta Kudu. Fim dinsa na farko, Mockumentary Shooting Bokkie  ya lashe lambar yabo ta farko a Festival Africano di Milano, da kuma Mafi kyawun Fim na Afirka ta Kudu a Bikin Fim na Duniya na Durban na 24 a shekara ta 2003. 

## Fina-finai

### Yin harbi a Bokkie
Direkta ta: Rob de Mezieres, Adam Rist Rubuce-rubuce: Rob de mezieres, John Fredericks Fitar da: Andrew Cassells Movie Genre: Drama, Documentary Released: 2003 Running Time: 74 minutes Rating: 18VL

Wani mai shirya fina-finai na Afirka ta Kudu ya shawo kan ma'aikatan fim don taimaka masa yin fim game da wani mai kisan kai mai shekaru 13 a Cape Flats na Afirka ta kudu. Bayan mai kisan kai mai shekaru 13 (a bokkie) yayin da yake tafiya game da kasuwancinsa na yau da kullun, masu sauraro suna samun fahimta ta musamman game da rayuwar mutanen da ke zaune a Cape Flats, suna rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayin talauci da tashin hankali, da kuma al'adun 'yan daba da ke da yawa a can.

Tsarin fim din ya gayyace mu muyi la'akari da ka'idojin yin fim a cikin al'adun tashin hankali.  yadda Van der Vliet (2007) ya nuna, ya kuma kalubalanci ka'idojin da ke halartar kasancewa mai lura da tashin hankali.

Wannan fim din da ke haifar da tunani ya lashe lambar yabo ta farko a Festival Africano di Milano, da kuma Mafi kyawun Fim na Afirka ta Kudu a 24th Durban International Film Festival Awards a shekara ta 2003.

 fitar da Shooting Bokkie ne a matsayin gajeren fim mai tasiri. The Short  lashe lambar yabo ta zinare a 1999 South African National Film and Video Association Awards [1] .

An harbe shirin ne a kan kasafin kuɗi kaɗan  (yawanci a cikin sirri), kuma ya ɗauki shekaru biyar don yin.  Matsalar da De Mezieres da Rist suka fuskanta wajen tara kasafin kuɗi don wannan fim ɗin, tare da misalai kamar mafita ta Timothy Greene don magance matsalolin kuɗi a cikin yin Boy da ake kira Twist, sun kwatanta wasu ƙalubalen da ke fuskantar masu shirya fina-finai na Afirka ta Kudu wajen samun fina-fakkaatu cikin samarwa.

Za'a iya kallon gajeren fasalin Shooting Bokkie a http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-2638367158496648628 ]

## Hotunan fina-finai
2007 Edita Prey - Yin 2004 Edita 'Home' 2003 Marubuta-Darakta-Edita Shooting Bokkie (The Feature)  2001 Darakta-Dakita *Fudukazi's Magic*  2000 Edita Taming the Tugela 1999 Marubuta - Darakta Shooting Bokkies The Short 1993 Edita-Darakita Raptures of The Deep (Gold Award, UNESCA) 

## Manazarta
Atef Salem

**Atef Salem** (23 ga Yulin 1927 - 30 ga Yulin 2002) ya kasance darektan fina-finai na kasar Masar.  Ya jagoranci fina-finai 32 a tsakanin shekarun 1954 da 2001. Mafi yawancin fina-finai  da ya yi an rubuta sune daga marubucin littafin Naguib Mahfouz. Fim ɗinsa na shekarar  1967 *[[Khan El Khalili|Khan el khalili]]* ya shiga cikin bikin fina-finai na ƙasa da ƙasa na Moscow na 5.

## Zaɓaɓɓun Filmography

* *[[The Secret of a Woman]]* (1960)
* *[[Mother of the Bride (1963 film)|Mother of the Bride]]* (1963)
* *[[The Mamelukes]]* (1965)
* *[[A Wife from Paris]]* (1966)
* *[[Khan El Khalili|Khan el khalili]]* (1967)
* *[[Where Is My Mind? (film)|Where Is My Mind?]]* (1974)
* *Edge of the Sword* (1986)

## Manazarta
Nadia Salem

**Nadia Salem** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1946) ƴar fim ce ta Masar. 

## Rayuwa
An haifi Nadia Salem ranar 23 ga watan Satumba 1946. Ta kammala karatu a fannin aikin jarida daga Faculty of Arts a Alkahira a shekarar 1969,  kuma daga sashen gudanarwa na Cibiyar Nazarin Fim ta Alkahira. Daga nan sai ta shiga Cibiyar Fim ta Kasa, inda ta ba da umarnin shirye-shirye da yawa.

## Fim
* *The Doorman is at Your Service* / *Saheb El Edara Bawab El Omara*, 1985

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin Hadi na waje
*
Mona Zaki

**Mona Ali Mohamed Zaki** (an haife ta a ranar sha takwas 18 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar alif dari tara da saba'in da shida 1976) ƴar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Masar.  

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Mona Ali Mohamed Zaki a Alkahira  iyayenta sune, Ali Mohamed Zaka da Tahani, a ranar 18 ga watan Nuwamba 1976. Har zuwa shekara 13, ta zauna a Kuwait.

## Ayyuka
A lokacin da take da shekaru 16, kuma bayan ganin tallace-tallace na Mohamed Sobhi don sabbin fuskoki, ta yi amfani da ita ne kawai don samun damar saduwa da sanannen dan wasan kwaikwayo da darektan Masar. Sobhi ce ta jefa Zaki kuma ta fara taka rawa a wasan kwaikwayon *Bel Araby El Faseeh. Mona* ta shafe semester daya a Amurka tana karatu a New Orleans a karkashin kulawar Dokta Malak Abou-Hargah. Ta koma Masar duk da haka don ci gaba da aikinta na wasan kwaikwayo. Lokacin da lokaci ya yi da Mona ta je jami'a, ta shiga Faculty of Mass Communication, Jami'ar Alkahira. A wannan lokacin, an gabatar da ita ga darektan Ismail Abdel Hafez wanda ya zabe ta don taka rawa a cikin *El A'elah*, jerin Ramadan wanda ya nuna farkon talabijin. Yin wasan kwaikwayo ya zama fiye da abin sha'awa ga Mona bayan haka; daga baya ta yi aiki a cikin shahararrun jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin: *Khalti Safiya wel Deir*, Nisf Rabi 'El Akhar, *Ahalina*, Ded El Tayyar da El Daw 'El Sharid . Matsayin tauraruwa talabijin mai alkawari ya bude kofofin babban allo a gare ta. Mona ta mamaye gidan fina-finai na Masar tare da El *Katl ElLaziz*, tare da Mervat Amin, sannan ta ci gaba da taka rawar gani a cikin Idhak El Soura Titla 'Hilwa wasan kwaikwayon da ta sami lambar yabo, Sa'idi Gam fil'a Al-Amrikiya, *Omar 2000*, *El Hobb El Awal*, da *Leih Khallitni Ahibbak* dukansu sun kasance hotunan ofishin.

Ta taka rawar Jehan Sadat a cikin babban fim din The Days of Sadat (game da Shugaban ƙasar Masar Anwar Sadat). Shugaba Hosni Mubarak ya ba yarinyar lambar yabo, tare da sauran 'yan wasan fim din. Nasarar ta kasance kusa da tauraron mai basira kuma sadaukarwarta ta sami lada sosai tare da babbar shahara na fina-finai na gaba, Africano da *[[Mafia (2002 fim)|Mafia]]*. Ta ci gaba daga fim daya zuwa wani, tana gabatar da Sleepless Nights, Men Nazret Ein, *Khalti Faransa,* da sauransu da yawa. Duk da babbar nasarar da ta samu a cikin fina-finai, Mona ta kuma yi wasan kwaikwayo da yawa, daga cikinsu akwai *Le'b Eyal*, Ya Messafer Wahdak, Afrouto, da *Keda OK* .

## Rayuwa ta mutum

Mona ta auri ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Masar Ahmed Helmy. Suna da 'ya'ya uku: Lilly (2003), Selim (2014), da Younis (2016).

## Taimako

Mona Zaki tana shirin shiga cikin sabon kamfen din sadaka Sanin nau'in jininku. Jaridar Al-Ahram ta ba da rahoton cewa Mona Zaki ce ta kaddamar da kamfen din a matsayin jakadan *Yanabee El-Hayah* tare da hadin gwiwar Yanabee El'Hayah don bayar da jini kuma tare da hadikwatar hukumar kula da lafiyar jama'a ta Majalisar dinkin Duniya, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya.

## Hotunan fina-finai

### Fim

### Jerin

## Gidan wasan kwaikwayo

## Manazarta
Tewfik Saleh

**Tewfik Saleh** (Arabic) ya kasance darektan fina-finai kuma marubuci na ƙasar Masar. Ana kuma rubuta sunansa a matsayin **Tawfik Saleh** da **Tewfiq Salah.** 

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Saleh ranar 27 ga watan Oktoba 1926, a Alexandria. Kodayake mahaifinsa ya saba wa sha'awarsa ga fina-finai, har yanzu yana ɗaukar Fina-finai a matsayin babban abinda ya ke so. A shekara ta 1949, ya kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Victoria ta Alexandria. Ya mutu ranar 18 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2013 a Alkahira.

## Ayyuka
Fim ɗinsa na farko shi ne Fools' Alley (1955), wanda Naguib Mahfouz ya rubuta. Sauran fina-finai sun haɗa da Gwagwarmayar Jarumai (*Sirâ"el abtâl*) (1962) da The Rebels (el *Moutamarridoun*) (1968)  da sauransu.

## Fina-finan da aka zaɓa
* *[[Struggle of the Heroes]]* (1962)
* *[[Sayed al-Bolti]]* (1969)
* *[[The Dupes]]* (1973)
* *[[Al-ayyam al-tawila]]* (1980)

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin Hadi na waje
*