Folklore of Finland

**Labarin almara na Finland** yana nufin al'adun gargajiya da na gargajiya, fasaha, imani, ilimi, halaye da halaye a Finland . Al'adun gargajiya na Finland sun haɗa da dukkan al'adun gargajiya na Finland. Labarin almara ba sabon abu bane, al'adun zamani na kasuwanci ko na ƙasashen waje, ko kuma abin da ake kira " al'adun gargajiya ". Musamman ma, ana ɗaukar al'adun karkara a Finland a matsayin labarin almara .

A cewar wani sanannen rubutun Alan Dundes, tatsuniyar ta ƙunshi aƙalla labaran gargajiya da sauran al'adun baki, kiɗa, abubuwa na gargajiya da gine-gine, addini da imani, da kuma al'adar dafa abinci. 

## Bambanci
Finland ƙasa ce mai al'adun gargajiya masu wadata da bambance-bambance. Dogon tarihin ƙasar mai sarkakiya ya haifar da ci gaban tatsuniyoyi, tatsuniyoyi, da imani iri-iri, waɗanda suka bambanta sosai dangane da inda kake a Finland.  

Ɗaya daga cikin bambance-bambance mafi ban mamaki a cikin tatsuniyar Finnish shine bambancin da ke tsakanin gabas da yammacin ƙasar.  Gabashin Finland a tarihi yana ƙarƙashin rinjayar Rasha, yayin da yammacin ƙasar ke ƙarƙashin rinjayar Sweden. Wannan bambancin tasirin al'adu yana bayyana a cikin tatsuniyar yankuna biyu. Tatsuniyar Finnish ta Gabas galibi ana siffanta ta da tasirin Rasha, kamar kasancewar tatsuniyoyin bogatyrs da sauran jaruman mutanen Rasha. Tatsuniyar Finnish ta Yamma, a gefe guda, tana da alaƙa da tatsuniyar Sweden, tare da tatsuniyoyin game da trolls, elves, da sauran halittu daga tatsuniyar Scandinavia. 

Wani babban bambanci a cikin tatsuniyar al'adun Finland shine bambancin da ke tsakanin bakin teku da na cikin gida. Yankunan bakin teku na Finland suna da dogon tarihi na hulɗa da wasu al'adu, kamar Vikings da Hanseatic League. Wannan hulɗar ta haifar da ci gaban al'adun tatsuniyar al'adu masu wadata da bambance-bambance, wanda ya haɗa da labarai game da tafiya a teku, ciniki, da sauran ayyukan bakin teku. Yankunan cikin gida na Finland, a gefe guda, sun fi zama keɓe kuma suna da al'adun tatsuniyar al'adu na gargajiya, wanda galibi ana mai da hankali kan noma, farauta, da kamun kifi. 

Ba shakka, waɗannan su ne kawai hanyoyi biyu da tatsuniyoyin Finnish ke bambanta dangane da inda kake a ƙasar. Akwai wasu abubuwa da yawa da za su iya taimakawa wajen bambancin tatsuniyoyin Finnish, kamar yanayin ƙasa na gida, yanayi, da kuma ƙabilun jama'a. Sakamakon haka, babu wata al'adar tatsuniyoyin "Finnish". Madadin haka, akwai al'adu daban-daban na yanki, kowannensu yana da nasa hali na musamman. 

## Waƙoƙin gargajiya
Tafiye-tafiyen tarin waƙoƙin gargajiya, waɗanda suka fara daga ƙarni na 19, sun haifar da babban tarihin waƙoƙin gargajiya a duniya, wanda shine ma'aunin kati na katunan kusan miliyan 2.2. Ƙungiyar Adabi ta Finnish ce ta ɗauki nauyin waɗannan tafiye-tafiyen tattarawa.  Ta ɗauki nauyin wasu tafiye-tafiye goma da Elias Lönnrot ya yi. Ya gyara waƙoƙin da shi da wasu suka tattara zuwa ga manyan labaran ƙasa na Kalevala da Kanteletar, sannan ya buga tarin tatsuniyoyi da tatsuniyoyi na Finnish. 

## Manyan mutane
Joulupukki siffa ce ta Kirsimeti ta ƙasar Finland. Sunan " *Joulupukki* " a zahiri yana nufin " akuyar Kirsimeti " ko " Akuyar Yule " a cikin harshen Finnish ; kalmar *pukki* ta fito ne daga tushen Teutonic *bock*, wanda yake kama da "buck", "Puck", kuma yana nufin "billy-goat". Tsohon al'adar Scandinavia, a ƙarshe siffar ta haɗu da Santa Claus . 

## Abinci
Abincin ƙasar Finland galibi yana amfani da kayayyakin alkama ( rye, sha'ir, hatsi ) da 'ya'yan itatuwa (kamar blueberries, lingonberries, cloudberries, da sea buckthorn ). Ana amfani da madara da abubuwan da aka samo daga gare ta kamar madarar shanu a matsayin abinci, abin sha ko a girke-girke daban-daban. Turnips iri-iri sun zama ruwan dare a girkin gargajiya, amma an maye gurbinsu da dankalin turawa bayan an gabatar da su a ƙarni na 18.

Misalan abincin gargajiya na Finnish da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da:

* Karjalanpiirakka (Karelian pies): Waɗannan ƙananan biredi ne masu zagaye da aka yi da garin hatsin rai kuma an cika su da nau'ikan abubuwan ciye-ciye iri-iri, kamar shinkafa, dankali, ko 'ya'yan itace.
* Leipäjuusto (cukuwar burodi): Wannan nau'in cuku ne da aka yi da garin hatsin rai da madara. Sau da yawa ana ba shi da kofi ko kuma a matsayin abun ciye-ciye.
* Mämmi (baƙar fata pudding): Wannan kayan zaki ne na gargajiya na ƙasar Finland da aka yi da garin rye, ruwa, da sukari. Yawanci ana yin sa da madara ko kirim.
* Riisipuuro (ƙarancin shinkafa): Wannan ƙarancin shinkafa ne mai daɗi da aka yi da shinkafa, madara, da sukari. Sau da yawa ana ba shi tare da kirfa da 'ya'yan itace.
* Karjalanpaisti (Miyar Karelian): Wannan miyar ce mai daɗi da aka yi da naman sa, naman alade, dankali, da karas. Sau da yawa ana yin ta da jam ɗin lingonberry.
* Herkkutarjotin (faranti na ciye-ciye): Wannan faranti ne na abincin gargajiya na ƙasar Finland, kamar kifi mai hayaƙi, herring da aka dafa, da cuku.
* Kalakeitto ( miyar kifi ): Wannan miyar mai daɗi ce da aka yi da kifi, dankali, da kayan lambu. Sau da yawa ana yin ta da burodin rye.
* Mustamakkara (baƙar tsiran alade): Wannan nau'in tsiran alade ne da aka yi da naman alade, jini, da garin rye. Sau da yawa ana ba da shi tare da mustard da jam ɗin lingonberry.
* Lihapullat (ƙwallon nama): Waɗannan ƙwallon nama ne na Sweden da aka yi da naman sa da aka niƙa, naman alade, da kuma burodi. Sau da yawa ana ba su miya da dankali.
* Pannukakku (pancake): Wannan siraran pancake ne da aka yi da fulawa, madara, ƙwai, da sukari. Sau da yawa ana ba shi da jam, syrup, ko 'ya'yan itace.

## Rawar gargajiya
Wasu misalan rawa na gargajiya da ake yi a duk faɗin ƙasar sun haɗa da.

* Humppa : Wannan rawa ce mai rai wacce ake rawa a cikin da'ira.
* Jenkka : Wannan rawa ce mai sauri wadda ake rawa a layi.
* Letkajenkka : Wannan rawa ce mai daɗi da kuzari wadda ake rawa a cikin rukuni.
* Polska : Wannan rawa ce ta gargajiya wadda galibi ana rawa a cikin biyu.
* Säkkijärven polkka : Wannan rawa ce mai shahara wacce galibi ake rawa a cikin biyu.

## Al'ada
Al'adar sauna mai rai har yanzu tana ɗauke da al'adu da yawa na da.  Al'adar aikin gama gari, *talkoo* kuma tana rayuwa mai ƙarfi. An wuce al'adar baki daga tsara zuwa tsara. Ya haɗa da tatsuniyoyi, hikimar jama'a, karin magana da waƙoƙi. Waƙa a mitar Kalevala ta kasance mai sauƙin tunawa saboda mita mai juyawa, sassan maimaitawa da kuma alliteration . 

### Sauna
Sauna na ƙasar Finland muhimmin bangare ne na al'adun ƙasar Finland kuma sun kasance wani muhimmin ɓangare na rayuwarsu tsawon ƙarni da yawa. A ƙasar Finland, sauna ba wai kawai wurin wanka ba ne, har ma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wurin tsarkake jiki da ruhi, shakatawa, da kuma zamantakewa.  

Sauna na gargajiya na Finland gini ne na katako, yawanci ana yin sa ne da katako, kuma gini ne daban ko ɗaki a cikin babban gini. Yawanci ana dumama ɗakin sauna ta hanyar murhu mai ƙona itace ko hita na lantarki, kuma ana samar da zafi ta hanyar zuba ruwa a kan duwatsu masu zafi. Wannan yana haifar da tururi da danshi. Zafin da ke cikin sauna na gargajiya na Finland zai iya kaiwa har zuwa 80-100 °C.

## Manazarta