Carol Ann Duffy

**Dame Carol Ann Duffy** (an haife ta a ranar 23 ga watan Disamba 1955) ɗan Scotland  mawaƙiya ce kuma marubuciyar wasan kwaikwayo. Ita farfesa ce a fannin wakoki na zamani a Jami'ar Metropolitan Manchester, kuma an nada ta Laureate a watan Mayu 2009,  kuma wa'adin ta ya kare a cikin 2019. Ita ce mace ta farko da ta samu lambar yabo ta mawaƙi, mawaƙiyar ɗan ƙasar Scotland ta farko kuma mawaƙiyar madigo ta farko da ta fara riƙe matsayin Mawaƙi. 

Abubuwan da ta tara sun haɗa da *Tsararriyar Mata Masu Tsara* (1985), wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Majalisar Fasaha ta Scotland ; *Sayar da Manhattan* (1987), wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Somerset Maugham ; *Ma'anar Lokaci* (1993), wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Whitbread ; da *Rapture* (2005), wanda ya ci kyautar TS Eliot . Wakokinta suna magana akan batutuwa irin su zalunci, jinsi, da tashin hankali, cikin harshe mai isa. 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Carol Ann Duffy a cikin dangin Roman Katolika a cikin Gorbals,  an dauke shi wani yanki mara kyau na Glasgow . Ita ce 'yar Maryamu (née Black) da Frank Duffy, ma'aikacin wutar lantarki.  Iyayen mahaifiyarta 'yan Irish ne, kuma mahaifinta yana da kakanni na Irish.  Babban cikin 'yan'uwa biyar, tana da 'yan'uwa hudu: Frank, Adrian, Eugene da Tim. Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Stafford, Ingila, lokacin da Duffy yana ɗan shekara shida. Mahaifinta yayi aiki da English Electric . Dan kungiyar kwadago ne, bai yi nasara ba a matsayin dan takarar majalisa na Jam’iyyar Labour a 1983 ban da sarrafa Stafford FC 

Duffy ta sami ilimi a Stafford a Makarantar Firamare ta RC ta Saint Austin (1962–1967), St. Joseph's Convent School (1967–1970), da Stafford Girls' High School (1970–1974), ƙwararrun adabin ta malaman Ingilishi guda biyu, June Scriven a St Joseph's, da Jim Walker's Staf.  Ta kasance mai son karatu tun tana karama, kuma a ko da yaushe tana son zama marubuci, tana shirya wakoki tun tana shekara 11. Lokacin da ɗaya daga cikin malamanta na Turanci ya mutu, ta rubuta:
 

## Sana'a
 
Lokacin da Duffy ta kasance 15, Yuni Scriven ta aika wakokinta zuwa *Outposts*, mawallafin ƙasidu, inda mai sayar da littattafai Bernard Stone ya karanta, wanda ya buga wasu daga cikinsu. Lokacin da ta kasance 16, ta sadu da Adrian Henri, 39 a lokacin, daya daga cikin mawaƙan Liverpool, kuma ta yanke shawarar cewa tana so ta kasance tare da shi; Sannan ta zauna da shi tsawon shekaru 10 har suka rabu a shekarar 1982. Ta ce, "Ya ba ni kwarin gwiwa," in ji ta, "ya kasance mai girma. Dukansu waƙa ne, masu kaifin basira, kuma bai taɓa kasancewa da aminci ba. Yana tsammanin mawaƙa suna da hakki na rashin aminci." 

Ta nemi Jami'ar Liverpool don zama kusa da shi, kuma ta fara digiri na falsafa a can a cikin 1974. Ta na da wasanni biyu da aka yi a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Liverpool, ta rubuta ƙasida, *Waƙar Ƙarshe ta Fifth*, kuma ta sami digiri na girmamawa a falsafar a 1977.  Ta lashe gasar wakoki ta kasa a shekarar 1983. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai sukar waƙa ga *The Guardian* daga 1988 zuwa 1989, kuma ta kasance editan mujallar waƙa,  . A cikin 1996, an nada ta a matsayin malami a fannin wakoki a Jami'ar Metropolitan Manchester, kuma daga baya ta zama darektan kirkire-kirkire na Makarantar Rubutu. 

Duffy ya kasance dan takarar neman mukamin Mawaki na Burtaniya a shekarar 1999 bayan mutuwar Ted Hughes, amma ya sha kaye a hannun Andrew Motion . Duffy ta ce ba za ta karbi mukamin ba a wancan lokacin, saboda tana cikin dangantaka da mawaƙin Scotland Jackie Kay, tana da 'yar yarinya, kuma ba za ta yi maraba da hankalin jama'a ba.  A wannan shekarar, an zabe ta a matsayin Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature .

An nada ta a matsayin Laureate Mawaƙi a ranar 1 ga Mayu 2009,  lokacin da wa'adin shekaru 10 na Motion ya ƙare. An nuna Duffy akan *Nunin Bankin Kudu* tare da Melvyn Bragg a cikin Disamba 2009  kuma a ranar 7 ga Disamba ta ba da lambar yabo ta Turner ga mai zane Richard Wright . 

Duffy ya sami digiri na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Heriot-Watt a 2009. 

A cikin 2015, an zaɓi Duffy a matsayin Fellow ɗin Daraja na Kwalejin Burtaniya . 

### Mawaƙin mawaƙi
A cikin waƙarta ta farko a matsayin wadda ta lashe lambar yabo ta mawaƙa, Duffy ta magance abin kunya game da kuɗin da 'yan majalisar Birtaniya suka yi a cikin tsarin sonnet .  Ta biyu, " Ƙarshen Post ", BBC ta ba da izini don nuna alamar mutuwar Henry Allingham da Harry Patch, sojojin Birtaniya na ƙarshe da suka yi yaƙi a yakin duniya na 1.  Ta uku, " Kwanaki goma sha biyu na Kirsimeti 2009 ", yana magana game da abubuwan da suka faru a halin yanzu kamar lalata nau'in, taron sauyin yanayi a Copenhagen, rikicin banki, da yakin Afghanistan .  A cikin Maris 2010, ta rubuta "Achilles (na David Beckham)" game da raunin jijiya na Achilles wanda ya bar David Beckham daga tawagar kwallon kafa ta Ingila a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2010 ;  an buga waƙar a cikin *jaridar Daily Mirror* kuma tana ɗaukar al'adun shahararru na zamani a matsayin irin tatsuniyoyi.  "Silver Lining," da aka rubuta a cikin Afrilu 2010, ya yarda da saukar jiragen da aka yi a sakamakon toka na dutsen mai aman wuta na Iceland Eyjafjallajökull .  A ranar 30 ga Agustan 2010 ta gabatar da waƙarta mai suna "Vigil" don Vigil na Manchester Pride Candlelight Vigil don tunawa da mutanen LGBTQ waɗanda suka rasa rayukansu saboda HIV/AIDS . 

Duffy ya rubuta waƙa mai layi 46, "Rings," don bikin auren 2011 na Yarima William da Catherine Middleton . Waƙar tana murna da zoben da aka samo a cikin yanayi kuma ba ta ambaci sunayen ma'aurata musamman ba. Ya fara *don duka biyun su faɗi* kuma ya ci gaba: "Da na ɗaga hannunka zuwa sama / in ba ka zoben da ke kewaye da wata / ko in duba in yi tagwayen zoben idanunka / da nawa / ko kuma in ƙara zobe a zoben bishiya / ta hanyar kafa da'irar hannu tare da kai, kai, / ...". Ta rubuta ayar tare da Stephen Raw, mai zane-zanen rubutu, kuma an aika da sa hannun buga aikin ga ma'auratan a matsayin kyautar aure.   Duffy kuma ta rubuta waƙar "Al'arshi," wadda ta tsara don bikin cika shekaru 60 na sarautar Sarauniya Elizabeth ta biyu . 

A cikin mujallar *Stylist*,  Duffy ya ce game da zama mawallafin mawaƙa: "Babu wani buƙatu. Ana neman in yi abubuwa kuma ya zuwa yanzu na yi farin cikin yin su." Ta kuma yi magana game da naɗa ta Sarauniya Elizabeth ta biyu, tana mai cewa: "Ta kasance kyakkyawa! Na sadu da ita kafin in zama mawaƙin mawaƙa amma lokacin da aka nada ni ina da 'masu sauraro' tare da ita wanda ke nufin mu kaɗai ne, a fadar, a karon farko. Mun yi magana game da waƙa. Mahaifiyarta ta kasance abokai da Ted Hughes wanda na sha'awar waƙarsa da yawa a kaina. Mun yi magana game da tasirinsa. 

Duffy ya tsaya a matsayin wanda ya lashe kyautar a watan Mayu 2019. 

## Waka

### Salo
Ayyukan Duffy suna bincika abubuwan da suka shafi yau da kullun da kuma rayuwar fantasy mai wadata na kanta da sauran su. A cikin abubuwan ban mamaki tun daga ƙuruciya, samartaka, da rayuwar balagagge, ta gano lokutan ta'aziyya ta hanyar ƙauna, ƙwaƙwalwa, da harshe. Charlotte Mendelson ya rubuta a cikin *The Observer* :Sashe na gwanintar Duffy&nbsp;- ban da kunnenta don bajinta na yau da kullun, kyakkyawa, mai ƙarfi, layin jifa, dabararta.&nbsp;– shi ne ta ventriloquism. Kamar mafi kyawun takwarorinta marubuta&nbsp;... tana zamewa ciki da waje cikin rayuwar halayenta akan kwararowar dukiya, buri, karin magana da jujjuyawar magana. Duk da haka, ita ma 'yar tafiya ce kuma mai canza siffa, tana yawo daga Troy zuwa Hollywood, taurarin taurari zuwa hanji, fata mai laushi zuwa shagunan sashe yayin da sauran mawaƙa ke yin yanayin sumba ɗaya, bugun ɗaya, harafi ɗaya.&nbsp;... tun daga lafuzzan baki har zuwa zubewar tunani mai fa'dad'a, kalamanta kamar sun fizgo daga zukatan wadanda ba mawaka ba.&nbsp;– wato, ta sa ya zama mai sauƙi. Game da rubuce-rubucen nata, Duffy ya ce: "Ba ni da sha'awar, a matsayin mawaƙa, a cikin kalmomi kamar 'plash' - kalmomi Seamus Heaney, kalmomi masu ban sha'awa. Ina so in yi amfani da kalmomi masu sauƙi, amma a hanya mai rikitarwa. " Ta gaya wa The Observer : "Kamar yashi da kawa, yana da ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa. A cikin kowace waƙa, ina ƙoƙarin bayyana gaskiya, don haka ba zai iya samun farkon almara.

Duffy ta yi fice a cikin da'irar wakokin Burtaniya bayan waƙarta mai suna "Wacece Ta kasance" ta lashe Gasar Waƙar Waƙoƙi ta Ƙasa a cikin 1983.  A cikin kundinta na farko, *Tsararriyar Mata* (1985), ta yi amfani da muryoyin na waje, misali a cikin waƙoƙin " Ilimi don Nishaɗi " da "Dear Norman." Tarin ta na gaba, *Linjila ta mata* (2002), ta ci gaba da wannan jijiya, tana nuna ƙarin sha'awar dogayen waqoqin ba da labari, waɗanda ake iya samun su cikin salo kuma galibi suna tawali'u a cikin hotonsu. Buga ta 2005, *Rapture* (2005), jerin wakoki ne masu kusanci da ke tsara tsarin soyayya, wanda ta sami kyautar £ 10,000 TS Eliot Prize . A cikin 2007, ta buga *The Hat*, tarin wakoki na yara. Kwafi akan layi na wakokinta ba su da yawa, amma waƙarta da aka sadaukar ga UA Fanthorpe, "Premonitions," yana samuwa ta hanyar *The Guardian*,  da wasu da dama ta hanyar *Daily Mirror* .  

### A cikin makarantu
Ana nazarin waƙoƙin Duffy a makarantun Burtaniya a ISC, GCSE, National 5, A-level, da matakan da suka fi girma. A watan Agustan shekara ta 2008, an cire waka mai suna "Education for Leisure", waka game da tashin hankali, daga GCSE AQA Anthology, biyo bayan korafi game da nassoshinsa game da aikata laifukan wuka da kifin zinariya da ake zubar da shi a cikin bayan gida. Waƙar ta fara ne: "Yau zan kashe wani abu. Duk abin da ya isa ya yi watsi da shi kuma a yau / zan yi wasa da Allah. "Mai gabatarwa ya kashe kwari, sannan kifi na zinariya. Budgie ya firgita kuma cat ya ɓoye. Ya ƙare tare da shi, ko ita, ko su, suna barin gidan tare da wuka. "Table ya haskaka ba zato ba tsammani. Na taɓa hannunka. "

A cewar The Guardian, an bukaci makarantu da su lalata kwafin litattafan tarihin da ba a daidaita su ba, [1] ko da yake AQA ta musanta hakan. [2] Duffy ya kira shawarar abin ban dariya. Ta ce, "Waƙar yaki da tashin hankali ce." "Roko ne na neman ilimi maimakon tashin hankali." Ta amsa da "Mrs Schofield's GCSE", waka game da tashin hankali a cikin wasu almara, da ma'anarsa. "Bayyana yadda waƙar waƙa / bin ɗan adam kamar buguwar wata / sama da kuka, duniya dariya ..." [3] Mrs. Schofield na take yana nufin Pat Schofield, wani mai bincike na waje a Kwalejin Lutterworth, Leicestershire, wanda ya koka game da "Ilimi don Nishaɗi," yana kiran shi "mafi ban tsoro." 

Don sabon Koyarwar Turanci Mai Girma ta Ƙasa a Scotland, wakilan Duffy, RCW Literacy Agency, sun ƙi ba da izini ga waƙarta, "Asali," don sake bugawa a cikin nau'in takardar da ake iya samu a bainar jama'a. 

### ''Anthologise'' shekara-shekara gasar ga makarantu
A cikin 2011 Duffy, ya jagoranci sabuwar gasar wakoki don makarantu, mai suna  . Ƙungiyar Littattafan Waƙoƙi ce ke gudanar da gasar kuma Duchess na Cornwall ne ya ƙaddamar da gasar a cikin Satumba 2011. Daliban makaranta masu shekaru 11-18 daga ko'ina cikin Burtaniya an gayyaci su ƙirƙira da ƙaddamar da nasu tarihin waƙar da aka buga. Alƙalan *Anthologise* na 2011 sune Duffy; Gillian Clarke (Mawaƙin Ƙasa na Wales); John Agard ; Grace Nichols da Farfesa na Cambridge Farfesa na Waƙar Yara, Morag Styles . Wadanda suka ci nasara na farko na *Anthologise* su ne ɗalibai na shida na makarantar Monkton Combe, Bath, tare da tarihin su mai suna *The Poetry of Earth is Never Dead*, wanda Duffy ya bayyana a matsayin "tabbatacce kuma ya cika kamar kowane tarihin tarihi a halin yanzu a kan ɗakunan littattafai." 

### Wasanni da waƙoƙi
Duffy kuma marubucin wasan kwaikwayo ne, kuma ya yi wasannin kwaikwayo a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Liverpool da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Almeida da ke Landan. Wasanta sun haɗa da Take Mijina (1982), Cavern of Dreams (1984), Ƙananan Mata, Manyan Samari (1986) Asara (1986), Casanova (2007). Ƙididdigar rediyonta sun haɗa da daidaitawar fyaucewa . [1] Tarin 'ya'yanta sun haɗa da Meeting Midnight (1999) da Tsohuwar Yarinya a Duniya (2000). Har ila yau, ta haɗu da mawallafin Manchester, Sasha Johnson Manning, a kan The Manchester Carols, jerin waƙoƙin Kirsimeti da aka fara a Manchester Cathedral a 2007.

Ta kuma shiga cikin aikin wasan kwaikwayo na Bush na 2011 *Littattafai sittin da shida*, wanda ta rubuta wani yanki a kan wani littafi na King James Bible . 

Wani sabon salo na *kowane mutum* na Duffy, tare da Chiwetel Ejiofor a cikin taken taken, an yi shi a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Royal daga Afrilu zuwa Yuli 2015.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Lokacin da yake da shekaru 16, Duffy ya fara dangantaka da mawaki Adrian Henri, yana zaune tare da shi har zuwa 1982.  Daga baya Duffy ya sadu da mawaki Jackie Kay, wanda ta yi dangantaka ta shekaru 15.   A lokacin dangantakarta da Kay, Duffy ta haifi 'ya mace, Ella (an haife shi 1995), wanda mahaifinsa na haifaffen mawaƙi ne Peter Benson .  

Ta taso a cikin addinin Roman Katolika na iyayenta, Duffy ta zama mai rashin yarda da Allah lokacin da take shekara 15. Sai dai ta yi magana kan tasirin da tarbiyyar addininta ya yi a kan wakokinta, inda ta ce: "Waka da addu'a suna kama da juna." 

## Girmamawa da kyaututtuka
Duffy yana da digiri na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Dundee, Jami'ar Hull, Jami'ar St Andrews, da Jami'ar Warwick, da kuma Fellowship na girmamawa a Kwalejin Homerton, Cambridge .  

* 1983: Gasar Waƙoƙin Ƙasa ta 1st kyauta (ga *Duk wanda Ta kasance* )
* 1983: Gasar Waƙar Greenwich ("don Kalmomi na Ƙarfafawa")
* 1984: Kyautar Eric Gregory
* 1986: Kyautar Littafin  *Ƙwararru* na Scotland
* 1988: Kyautar Somerset Maugham (don *Siyar da Manhattan* )
* 1989: Kyautar Dylan Thomas
* 1990: Kyautar Littafin Majalisar Arts na Scotland (na *Sauran Ƙasar*
* 1992: Kyautar Cholmondeley
* 1993: Kyautar Whitbread ( *don Ma'ana* )
* 1993: Kyautar Littafin *Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru* na Scotland
* 1993: Kyautar Gaba (don *Matsakaicin Lokaci* )
* 1995: Kyautar Adabin Lannan
* 1999: Kyautar Waƙar Yara ta Sigina
* 1999: An Zaɓen Dan uwansa na Royal Society of Literature
* 2001: Kyauta ta ƙasa don Kimiyya, Fasaha, da Kyautar Fasaha
* 2005: Kyautar TS Eliot (don *fyaucewa* )
* 2011: Costa Book Awards (Shayari), mai nasara, *Bees* 
* Kyautar PEN Pinter 2012
* 2013: An tantance shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 100 mafi ƙarfi a Burtaniya ta *sa'ar mace* a gidan rediyon BBC 4 . 
* 2015: An Zaɓe shi a Matsayin Daraja na Kwalejin Burtaniya . 
* 2015: An Zaɓe shi a Matsayin Mai Girma na Ƙungiyar Royal Society of Edinburgh 
* 2021: Struga Poetry Maraice na Zinare Wreath Laureate 

An nada ta Jami'ar Order of the British Empire (OBE) a 1995, Kwamandan Order of British Empire (CBE) a 2002, da kuma Dame Kwamandan Order of British Empire (DBE) a cikin 2015 Sabuwar Shekara Girmama ayyuka ga shaya.  

## Ayyuka

* 1974: *Fleshweathercock and Other Poems*, Outposts Ltd.
* 1977: (with Adrian Henri) *Beauty and the Beast* (poetry).
* 1982: *Fifth Last Song*, Headland (poetry).
* 1982: *Take My Husband* (play)
* 1984: *Cavern of Dreams* (play).
* 1985: *Standing Female Nude*, Anvil Press Poetry (poetry).
* 1986: *Little Women, Big Boys* (play).
* 1986: *Loss* (radio play).
* 1986: *Thrown Voices*, Turret Books, pamphlet (poetry).
* 1987: *Selling Manhattan*, Anvil Press Poetry (poetry).
* 1990: *The Other Country*, Anvil Press Poetry (poetry).
* 1992: *I Wouldn't Thank You for a Valentine* (editor), Viking (poetry anthology).
* 1992: *William and the Ex-Prime Minister*, Anvil Press Poetry, pamphlet, (poetry).
* 1993: *Mean Time* Anvil Press Poetry (poetry).
* 1994: *Anvil New Poets Volume 2* (editor), Penguin Books (poetry anthology).
* 1994: *Selected Poems* Penguin (poems).
* 1995: *Penguin Modern Poets 2*, with Vicki Feaver and Eavan Boland, Penguin (poetry).
* 1996: *Grimm Tales*, Faber and Faber (play).
* 1996: *Salmon – Carol Ann Duffy: Selected Poems*, Salmon Poetry (poetry).
* 1996: *Stopping for Death*, Viking (poetry anthology).
* 1997: *More Grimm Tales*, Faber and Faber (children's play).
* 1998: *The Pamphlet*, Anvil Press Poetry (poetry).
* 1999: *Meeting Midnight*, Faber and Faber (children's poetry).
* 1999: *The World's Wife*, Anvil Press Poetry (poetry).
* 1999: *Time's Tidings: Greeting the 21st Century* (editor), Anvil Press Poetry (poetry anthology).
* 2000: *The Oldest Girl in the World*, Faber and Faber (children's poetry).
* 2001: *Hand in Hand: An Anthology of Love Poems* (editor), Picador (poetry anthology).
* 2002: *Feminine Gospels*, Picador.
* 2002: *Queen Munch and Queen Nibble*, Macmillan Children's Books.
* 2002: *Underwater Farmyard*, Macmillan Children's Books (children's book).
* 2003: *The Good Child's Guide to Rock N Roll*, Faber and Faber (children's poetry).
* 2003: *Collected Grimm Tales* (with Tim Supple), Faber and Faber (children's book).
* 2004: *Doris the Giant* (children's literature, picture book).
* 2004: *New Selected Poems*, Picador.
* 2004: *Out of Fashion: An Anthology of Poems* (editor), Faber and Faber (poetry anthology).
* 2004: *Overheard on a Saltmarsh: Poets' Favourite Poems* (editor), Macmillan.
* 2005: *Another Night Before Christmas*, with John Murray (children's poetry).
* 2005: *Moon Zoo*, Macmillan (children's literature, picture book).
* 2005: *Rapture*, Picador (poetry).
* 2006: *The Lost Happy Endings* (illustrated by Jane Ray), Penguin (children's book).
* 2007: *Answering Back* (editor), Picador (poetry anthology).
* 2007: *The Hat*. Faber and Faber (children's poetry).
* 2007: *The Tear Thief*. Barefoot Books (children's book).
* 2009: *Mrs Scrooge: A Christmas Poem* (illustrated by Beth Adams), Simon & Schuster.
* 2009: *New & Collected Poetry for Children* Faber and Faber (poetry).
* 2009: *The Princess's Blankets* (illustrated by Catherine Hyde). Templar (children's book).
* 2009: *The Twelve Poems of Christmas* (editor), Candlestick Press (poetry).
* 2009: *To The Moon: An Anthology of Lunar Poetry* (editor), Picador (poetry).
* 2009: *Love Poems*, Picador (poetry, selected).
* 2010: *The Gift* Barefoot Books (children's book).
* 2011: *[[The Bees (book)|The Bees]]* Picador (poetry, selected).
* 2011: *The Christmas Truce* (illustrated by David Roberts) Picador.
* 2012: *Wenceslas: A Christmas Poem* (illustrated by Stuart Kolakovic), Picador.
* 2014: *Dorothy Wordsworth's Christmas Birthday* (illustrated by Tom Duxbury), Picador.
* 2015: *The Wren-Boys* (illustrated by Dermot Flynn), Picador.
* 2018: *Sincerity* (Picador), .
* 2018: *Eight World's Wives* Published by Andrew J Moorhouse (Fine Press Poetry).

## Duba kuma

* Wakar Madigo

## Manazarta