open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Lethia 'Yan uwan Fleming

Lethia Cousins Fleming (7 ga Nuwamba, 1876 - 22 ga Satumba, 1963) 'yar Afirka ce, malama, ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa, mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama, kuma ta kasance mai aiki a siyasar Jamhuriyar Republican a matakin gida da na kasa.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haife ta ne a matsayin Lethia Cousins a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, 1876, a Tazewell, Virginia, ga James Archibald Cousins da Fannie Taylor Cousins .  Mahaifinta baƙar fata ne kuma an haife shi kyauta, ya yi aiki a cikin Sojojin Confederate kuma bayan haka ya kasance masanin tubali. Fleming ita ce babba a cikin yara takwas a cikin iyalinta, ta halarci makarantar sakandare a Ironton, Virginia.

Fleming ta halarci Kwalejin Morristown a Tennessee; da Kwalejin Jihar Bluefield a West Virginia; inda ta yi karatun ilimi. Ta koyar a makarantu a Virginia, sannan a yankunan McDowell da Cabell a West Virginia . 

A ranar 21 ga Fabrairu, 1912, Lethia Cousins da Thomas "Tom" Wallace Fleming (1874-1948) sun yi aure. Tom lauya ne kuma a wannan lokacin ya yi aiki sau ɗaya a matsayin wakilin birnin Cleveland, auren Lethia shine na biyu. Ma'auratan ba su da yara, kuma Thomas yana da 'ya'ya uku daga aurensa na farko wanda Lethia ta taimaka wajen tayar da shi. Tana da sha'awar Bangaskiyar Baha'i . 

## Ayyuka
A shekara ta 1914, Lethia Fleming ta kasance shugabar Kwamitin Lady Managers na Cleveland Home for Aged Colored People .  Ta dauki alhakin kuma ta ba da umarnin yunkurin kamfen tsakanin matan Afirka na Amurka don jefa kuri'a ga mijinta Tom Fleming a lokacin yakin neman zabe na 1915 don kujerar Majalisar Birni daga Ward 11.

Farawa a cikin 1920, Fleming ya ba da umarnin ƙoƙarin kamfen na kasa tsakanin matan baƙar fata don 'yan takarar shugaban kasa na Jamhuriyar Republican guda uku, Warren G. Harding (1920), Herbert Hoover (1936), da Alfred M. Landon (1940). 

A shekara ta 1929, Fleming ta yi ƙoƙari ta yi takara don zama a majalisar birni ta Cleveland, bayan an daure mijinta.

Fleming ya kasance memba na kungiyoyi ciki har da Travelers Aid Society, ofishin Cleveland na National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), da Phillis Wheatley Association .  Ta kasance a cikin kwamitin farko na Negro Welfare Association (yanzu National Urban League).  Fleming ita ce mace ta farko da ta zama mai kula da Ikilisiyar Ikilisiyar Mt. Zion a Cleveland.  

Ta mutu a ranar 22 ga Satumba, 1963, a Cleveland kuma an binne ta a Kabari na Lake View . 

## Manazarta
Tsibirin Buckle

**Tsibirin Buckle** yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan tsibirai uku a cikin rukunin Tsibirin Balleny da ba a zaune ba wanda ke cikin Kudancin Tekun. Ya kasance  km (16  arewa maso yammacin Tsibirin Sturge da  km (5  kudu maso gabashin tsibirin Young, kimanin    arewa-arewa maso gabashin Belousov Point a kan yankin Antarctic. Tsibirin ya samar da wasu sassan Ross Dependency, wanda New Zealand ta yi ikirarin.

## Bayyanawa
Tsibirin yana da siffar triangular, tare da gabas da yammacin gabar teku da gajeren arewacin gabar. Yana da kusan   km; 3  fadi a arewa, tare da matsakaicin tsawon   km; 15 .  Yana da asalin dutsen wuta, kuma har yanzu yana aiki da dutsen wuta.

Yankin arewacin shine Cape Cornish . Ƙananan tsibirai da yawa suna cikin tashar da ke raba Cape Cornish da Young Island, mafi girma daga cikinsu shine Borradaile Island. Ƙananan tsibirai da yawa suna kwance a gefen kudancin tsibirin, Cape McNab, gami da Sabrina Islet da tarin mita 80 (262  na The Monolith. Dukansu tsibirin Buckle da Sabrina Islet gida ne ga yankunan Adelie da chinstrap penguins.

## Manazarta
June Franklin

**Aletha Yuni Franklin** (31 ga Agusta, 1930 - 6 ga Disamba, 2010) ɗan siyasan Amurka ne kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama. An zabi Franklin a Majalisar Wakilai ta Iowa a shekarar 1966. Franklin ta taimaka wajen zartar da Dokar Ayyukan Gidaje masu kyau ta Iowa a 1967, kuma ta kasance tare da Majalisar Wakilai ta Iowa na wa'adi uku.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
An haifi Franklin a Clarinda, Iowa, a ranar 31 ga watan Agusta, 1930, ga iyayen Glenn H. Franklin da Jean Roper Griggs .  Ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Clarinda a shekarar 1948. Daga nan sai ta halarci Jami'ar Drake inda ta sami digiri na tarayya a cikin gudanar da kasuwanci.

## Ayyuka
Franklin ya kasance sakataren shari'a, wakilin inshora, da wakilin ƙasa. Lokacinta a siyasa ya fara ne lokacin da ta kasance wani ɓangare na kungiyoyin zamantakewar Democrat da yawa, kokarin jam'iyya, da kungiyoyin al'umma da yawa. Ta kasance tana da alaƙa da Majalisar Ayyukan Al'umma ta Polk County, Greater Opportunities Inc, Des Moines Chapter na NAACP, Amirkawa don Ayyukan Democrat, John F. Kennedy Democratic Club, da Polk County Democratic Women's Club. Franklin ya shiga Majalisar Wakilai ta Iowa a shekarar 1966, a matsayin magajin Willie Stevenson Glanton, yana da shekaru 36. A lokacin zaman farko na Franklin, ta kasance wani ɓangare na kwamitocin gyaran kuɗi, makarantu, birane, garuruwa, da Tex. An zabi Franklin a matsayin mataimakin shugaban 'yan tsiraru na Majalisar Democrat a Babban Taron 63. Ita ce Ba'amurke ta farko da ta sami irin wannan matsayin shugabanci a wata babbar jam'iyyar siyasa ta Iowa. Franklin ya sadarwa kuma ya daidaita ayyukan jami'an da jihar ta zaba. Ta damu da rikice-rikicen launin fata, talauci, da kuma yadda ake bi da zaɓaɓɓun jami'an Afirka ta Amirka. Franklin ya taimaka wajen zartar da Dokar Ayyukan Gidaje Masu Kyau ta Iowa a shekarar 1967. Ta kasance tare da Majalisar Wakilai ta Iowa na wa'adi uku.  

A shekara ta 1968, a Jihar Iowa Capitol, Franklin ya yi jawabi ga al'ummar game da kisan Martin Luther King Jr. Ta roki "fararen fata masu kyau" na Amurka da su ba da damar baƙar fata ya "yi tafiya cikin mutunci da daidaito". Franklin ya kuma ce hukumar makaranta a Des Moines, Iowa ya kamata ta kawo karshen wariyar launin fata a makaranta, cewa majalisar birni ya kamata ta bar 'yan Afirka na Afirka su sami aiki, kuma ana bi da masu karɓar jin dadin birni a hanyar "abin kunya". A lokacin jawabin, ta bayyana cewa ta aika da sakon waya ga mambobi goma na Majalisa da Majalisar Dattijai suna neman a sanya ranar haihuwar Sarki a matsayin hutu na kasa.

## Mutuwa
Franklin ya mutu a ranar 6 ga Disamba, 2010, a Lebanon, Missouri saboda rashin lafiya na dogon lokaci.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Amincewa da 'Yancin Dan Adam na Kudancin Afirka

Amincewar hakkin Dan Adam na Kudancin Afirka, wanda aka fi sani da SAHRIT, kungiya ce ta kare hakkin dan adam da aka kafa a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2006 don inganta kare hakkin dan Adam a Kudancin Afirka. Tana da hedikwatar ta a Harare .  

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗin waje

* Sahrit (gidan yanar gizon hukuma)
* Binciken Afirka
Joanne Grant

**Joanne Grant** (Maris 30, 1930 - Janairu 9, 2005) 'yar jaridar Afirka ce kuma mai fafutukar Kwaminisanci. Ta kasance mai ba da rahoto ga National Guardian, inda ta rufe Yunkurin Kare Hakkin Bil'adama na Amurka a Kudancin Amurka a cikin shekarun 1960. Ita ce marubuciyar littattafai uku game da zamanin kuma darektan wani shirin fim game da Ella Baker . Littafinta na 1968, *Black Protest*, "yana buƙatar karatu" don karatun Afirka-Amurka.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Joanne Grant a ranar 30 ga Maris, 1930, a Utica, New York .   Mahaifinta fari ne kuma mahaifiyarta ta kasance mai launin fata. A sakamakon haka, tana da fata mai haske.  

Grant ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Syracuse, tare da digiri na farko a aikin jarida.

## Ayyuka
Grant ta fara aikinta a hulɗar jama'a a Birnin New York .  A halin yanzu, ta halarci Bikin Duniya na 6 na Matasa da Dalibai a Moscow, Tarayyar Soviet a 1957, tare da wasu Amurkawa 140.  Ta kuma ziyarci kasar Sin tare da wasu Amurkawa 56, duk da cewa ba a yarda da 'yan ƙasar Amurka su ziyarci ƙasar kwaminisanci a lokacin ba. Ta kuma ziyarci Indiya, Afirka da Cuba. Bayan ta dawo Birnin New York, ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki ga shugaban kare hakkin bil'adama WEB Du Bois .  A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 1960, an sanya mata suna a gaban Kwamitin Ayyuka na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a matsayin memba na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Amurka. Grant ta shiga cikin Kwamitin Fair Play for Cuba . 

Grant ya zama mai ba da rahoto ga National Guardian, jaridar hagu mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, a cikin shekarun 1960.   Ta rufe Yunkurin Kare Hakkin Bil'adama na Amurka, kuma ta rubuta game da gamuwarta da baƙi a ƙananan garuruwa a fadin Alabama, Mississippi da Georgia. Ta rubuta game da kisan kai a Kudancin Amurka. A halin yanzu, ta zama memba na Kwamitin Gudanar da Dalibai ba tare da tashin hankali ba.

Grant ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan labarai na WBAI, gidan rediyo na hagu, a shekarar 1965.  Ta rubuta, ta ba da umarni kuma ta samar da Fundi: The Story of Ella Baker, wani shirin fim game da jagoran kare hakkin bil'adama Ella Baker, a cikin 1981.  Dan wasan kwaikwayo Harry Belafonte shine mai ba da labari; an nuna fim din a PBS da kuma bikin fina-finai na London.

Grant shine marubucin littattafai uku game da Yunkurin Kare Hakkin Bil'adama. Littafin farko, *Black Protest*, an buga shi a shekarar 1968. A cewar The Los Angeles Times, an "bukata karatu a yawancin darussan tarihin Afirka na Amurka" a shekara ta 2005. Littafinta na biyu, Confrontation on Campus, an buga shi a shekarar 1969. Ya kasance game da zanga-zangar Jami'ar Columbia ta 1968. Littafinta na uku, *Ella Baker: Freedom Bound,* tarihin rayuwar Ella Baker ne.

## Rayuwa da mutuwarsa
Grant ya auri Victor Rabinowitz,   ɗan ɗan kasuwa kuma mai ba da agaji Louis M. Rabinowitz . Suna da ɗa, Mark, da 'yar, Abby . 

Grant ya mutu a ranar 9 ga Janairu, 2005, a Manhattan, Birnin New York .  Tana da shekaru 74.   Ana gudanar da takardunta a ɗakin karatu na Jami'ar Columbia  da kuma ɗakin karatu na Rare Books & Manuscripts na Jami'an Jihar Ohio.

## Ayyuka

*  
*  
*  

## Manazarta
Shirin Maido da Farin Duniya

White Earth Land Recovery Project (WELRP) kungiya ce mai zaman kanta, ƙungiya mai zaman kanta wacce ke neman dawo da ƙasa ga mutanen Anishinaabeg a White Earth Indian Reservation a yammacin Minnesota da haɓaka shirye-shirye don cimma matsaya da kiyaye muhalli. An kafa kungiyar ne a shekarar 1989 ta hanyar memba na kabilanci kuma tsohon dan takarar mataimakin shugaban kasa Winona LaDuke.

WELRP ta ce kasa da kashi 10 cikin 100 na ƙasar White Earth Indian Reservation Anishinaabeg ce ke riƙe da ita. Yana neman sake dawo da ƙasashen da aka kwace daga mutanen Anishinaabeg ta hanyar tallace-tallace mara kyau, sata dukiya da soke yarjejeniya a ƙarni na 19 da 20. Har ila yau, kungiyar tana neman hana sare daji na ƙasashen gargajiya na Anishinaabeg . 

A cewar shafin yanar gizon, yana neman 'gina shiga cikin 'yan ƙasa wanda ya shafi adalci na muhalli da al'adu da aikin adanawa, maido da al'ummomi masu ɗorewa, makamashi mai sabuntawa, kafofin watsa labarai, da shirye-shiryen ci gaban matasa da jagoranci.' Ya jagoranci tarurruka da yawa na al'ummomin 'yan asalin ƙasar kan waɗannan batutuwan, ya shirya kuma horar da VISTA da sauran masu sa kai, ci gaba da shirye-aikacen makaranta da sauran shirye-shirye.

A cikin waɗannan manufofi, WELRP ta yi aiki don farfado da noma da girbi na shinkafa na daji, abincin gargajiya na mutane. Yana samarwa da sayar da abinci na gargajiya ta hanyar lakabinsa, Native Harvest . Alamar a halin yanzu tana ba da shinkafa ta daji, hominy, sausage na buffalo, gurasar burodi, jelly chokecherry, da kuma adana raspberry.

## Kyaututtuka da karbuwa
Kungiyar ba da riba ta amince da ita ta International Slow Food Congress saboda kokarin da take yi na dawo da tsarin abinci na gida da adana Shinkafa ta daji.

## Manazarta
Shag Rocks (Kudancin Georgia)

Shag Rocks (Spanish: Islas Aurora) ƙananan tsibirai ne guda shida a yammacin Kudancin Georgia,  km (150  yammacin babban tsibirin Kudancin Georgia da    daga Tsibirin Falkland .  **Dutsen Shag** yana cikin 53°32′51′′S 42°01′12′′W / 53.54750°S 42.02000°W / -53.54750; -42.02000. 16 kilomita (9.9  zuwa kudu maso gabas shine Black Rock, wanda yake a 53°38′06′′S 41°46′30′′W / 53.63500°S 41.77500°W / -53.63500; -41.77500 (Black Rock).

Dutsen Shag ya rufe jimlar yanki na kasa da hekta 20 (49 acres). Da yake a kan Kudancin Georgia Ridge, suna da tsawo mafi girma sama da matakin teku na mita 75 (246 , kuma suna tsaye a cikin ruwa kusan mita 319 (1,047  zurfi. Matsakaicin zafin jiki -1.2 ° C (29.8 ° F), da wuya hawa sama da  ° C (59 ° F). Babu wani tsire-tsire mai mahimmanci, amma guano na tsuntsayen teku ya rufe duwatsu. Babban namun daji da aka samu a kan duwatsu sune Shags na Kudancin Georgia,  prions da albatrosses masu yawo.

## Tarihi
Jose de la Llana ne ya gano Shag Rocks a cikin 1762 tare da jirgin ruwan Sipaniya *Aurora*, kuma asalinsa sunansa tsibirin Aurora, bayan jirginsa. Jirgin Mutanen Espanya *San Miguel* ya ziyarce su a cikin 1769, kuma *Aurora* a 1774, kuma a cikin 1779 ta jiragen ruwa na Mutanen Espanya *Princesa* da *Dolores* . A cikin 1794 Auroras an yi taswirar ƙarshe ta hanyar Corvette *Atrevida* na Spain. Duk da haka, mutane da yawa suna ɗaukan tsibirin Aurora a matsayin kuskuren gani wanda ya zo daidai a kusa da Shag Rocks, wanda aka sani da masu siti kafin 1823. Daga baya James P. Sheffield ya sake gano su kuma ya ba su suna na yanzu, mai yiwuwa saboda shags da sauran tsuntsayen teku suna ziyartar su. Ma'aikatan Bincike na Bincike ne suka tsara su a kan *William Scoresby* a cikin 1927. An fara yin saukowa na farko a cikin 1956 lokacin da aka saukar da masanin ilimin ƙasa ɗan Argentina Mario Giovinetto daga jirgi mai saukar ungulu don tattara samfuran dutse. 

## Gwamnati
Shag Rocks sun kasance wani ɓangare na Yankin ƙasashen waje na Burtaniya na Kudancin Georgia da Tsibirin Sandwich na Kudu. Kafin 1985 sun zo cikin tsibirin Falkland.

Argentina ta yi ikirarin Shag Rocks da Black Rock. Black Rock da Shag Rocks suna kan hanyar daga Tsibirin Falkland zuwa Tsibirin Georgia ta Kudu, a kan dutsen Scotia Ridge.

Biritaniya a cikin 1985 ta kafa yankinta na kasashen waje na Kudancin Georgia da Tsibirin Sandwich na Kudu, wanda ya haɗa da Black Rock da Shag Rocks. Yanzu tana ɗaukar alhakin adanawa da kare yankin.

## Manazarta
Gertrude Wright Morgan

**Gertrude Wright Morgan** (1861 - 1931) 'yar asalin Amurka ce kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama. Ta kuma kasance memba na kafa NAACP da Niagara Movement .   Ita ce Ba'amurke ta farko da ta yi rajista kuma ta farko da za ta kammala karatu a Springfield, Illinois, kuma an yi imanin cewa ita ce ta farko da da ta kammala karatu iti duk Illinois.  

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Gertrude a shekara ta 1861 a Springfield, Illinois, ga Thomas Wright da Sarah Fortune Wright . Mahaifinta ya zama bautar, amma daga baya ya sayi kansa da ɗan'uwan Gertrude daga bautar. Ta shiga Makarantar Sakandare ta Springfield a 1874, Ba'amurke na farko da ta yi hakan a makarantar, wanda shine kawai makarantar sakandare da ke aiki a Springfield a lokacin. A wannan lokacin, an haramta rarrabewa a makarantun Springfield kwanan nan, kuma saboda haka wasu fararen dalibai sukan "guje wa" Gertrude. Ta kammala karatu a shekara ta 1877 ta uku a cikin aji na 28, kuma ta gabatar da wata kasida mai taken "Unknown Heroes". 

Bayan kammala karatunta, ta nemi zama malama a Springfield, amma an hana 'yan Afirka na Afirka. Saboda wannan, ta koma St. Louis, kuma ta koyar a makarantar baki, Charles Sumner High School . Clement Morgan ya kuma yi aiki a wannan makarantar, kuma bayan ya koma Cambridge, Massachusetts kuma ya koma St. Louis, ya auri Gertrude a shekara ta 1897. Dukansu biyu sun koma Cambridge, inda suka kasance masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama.

Gertrude ta mutu a 1931, shekaru biyu bayan mutuwar mijinta.

## Manazarta
Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Indiya ta Oklahoma

**Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Indiya ta Oklahoma** (UINO), wanda aka fi sani da Majalisar Dinkinobho ta Indiya ta Amurka ta Oklahoma, Kansas da Texas, kungiya ce ta Indiyawan Amurka a Oklahoma wacce aka sadaukar da ita don inganta ikon mallakar kabilanci da haƙƙin Indiyawan Amurka.

## Tarihi
An kafa UNIO a Oklahoma a shekara ta 1983.

Shirin "Warrior Up to Vote" na UNIO yana neman kara yawan rajistar masu jefa kuri'a tsakanin Indiyawa na Amurka.

UNIO tana adawa da amincewar tarayya ga Ƙabilar Lumbee ta Arewacin Carolina. A watan Oktoba, 2024, an rarraba katunan da ke da tambarin UNIO a taron shekara-shekara na 81 da Kasuwanci na Majalisar Dokokin Indiyawan Amurka (NCAI). Katunan sun soki kabilar Lumbee ta Arewacin Carolina saboda zargin da ake yi na "[s]canjin ikirarin asalin kabilanci", "tsinkaya" ba tare da "bayani mai tabbatar da asali ba", da kuma rashin iya tabbatar da zuriya daga "takamaiman kabilar".

## Manazarta
Ƙididdigar Bautar Duniya

The Global Slavery Index wani binciken duniya ne na Bautar zamani wanda aka buga ta hanyar Minderoo Foundation's Walk Free initiative.

Alamar tana ba da matsayi a fadin nau'o'i uku: girman matsalar (yawanci da cikakkiyar adadi),amsar gwamnati,  da kuma rauni (halayen da ke bayyana yaduwar). 

Lissafin yana da niyya ga 'yan ƙasa masu zaman kansu, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da ba na gwamnati ba, kamfanoni da jami'an gwamnati don su iya aiki don kawo karshen bautar zamani. Duk bayanan da ke ciki suna samuwa don saukewa daga shafin yanar gizon.
## Manazarta
Biram Dah Abeid

Biram Ould Dah Ould Abeid (Arabic; an haife shi 12 Janairun 1965) ɗan siyasan Mauritanci ne kuma mai ba da shawara ga kawar da bautar. An lissafa shi a matsayin daya daga cikin "10 Mutanen da suka Canja Duniya da Ba za ku iya ji ba" ta hanyar PeaceLinkLive a cikin 2014, kuma ta hanyar mujallar Time a matsayin daya ካብ cikin "Mutanen 100 Mafi Tasiri". An kuma kira shi "Nelson Mandela na Mauritania" ta hanyar kungiyar labarai ta kan layi ta Middle East Eye . 

Shugaba na yunkurin adawa da bautar kasa da kasa, hukumomin Mauritania sun kama Abeid kuma sun daure shi sau da yawa. Irwin Cotler da Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Raoul Wallenberg sun dauki shari'arsa.
## Manazarta
Gundumar Sanatan Rivers ta Gabas

**Gundumar Sanatan Rivers ta Gabas** tana ɗaya daga cikin gundumomi uku na Sanata a Jihar Rivers, Najeriya . A halin yanzu Allwell Heacho Onyesoh ne ke wakiltar ta PDP

## Manazarta
Po Pin Chau

**Po Pin Chau** (Sinanci) tsibiri ne a Hong Kong . A gabar gabashin Gabashin Dam na Babban Tsibirin Reservoir, an san tsibirin da haɗin ginshiƙan hexagonal. Tsibirin da farko wani Cape ne da ke da alaƙa da ƙasar, amma daga ƙarshe ya rabu da ƙasar saboda shekaru na rushewa. Gundumar Sai Kung ce ke gudanar da tsibirin.

## Ilimin ƙasa
An kafa tsarin dutse a tsibirin ne bayan jerin fashewar dutse a Hong Kong a lokacin Jurassic.

## Karewa
Po Pin Chau wani ɓangare ne na Hong Kong Geopark da Sai Kung East Country Park .

Po Pin Chau wani ɓangare ne na Babban Tsibirin na Musamman (糧船灣特別地區), wanda ke rufe hekta 3.9 kuma an sanya shi a cikin 2011. Yankin ya haɗa da tsibirai biyu na Po Pin Chau da Conic Island kuma babu wani ɓangare na High Island da ya dace. Ilimin yanayin yankin yana da halayyar dutsen wuta na zamanin Cretaceous.

## Manazarta
Abin da ya faru a Oglala

Lamarin da ya faru a Oglala fim ne na Amurka na 1992 wanda Michael Apted ya jagoranta kuma Robert Redford ya ba da labari. fim din ya nuna mutuwar jami'an bincike na Tarayya guda biyu, Jack R. Coler da Ronald A. Williams, a Pine Ridge Indian Reservation a ranar 26 ga Yuni, 1975. Har ila yau, an kashe shi a cikin gobarar da yawa dan asalin Amurka Joe Stuntz, memba na Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka (AIM), wanda mutuwarsa ta haifar da wani mataki na shari'a.

Yana nazarin shari'ar shari'a da ke kewaye da shari'o'in da suka biyo baya na Robert Robideau da Dino Butler, kuma daga baya shari'ar Leonard Peltier, wanda dole ne a fitar da shi daga Kanada. An wanke Robideau da Butler a lokacin shari'arsu, amma an yanke Peltier hukuncin kisa a shekarar 1977.  (Magoya bayan Peltier, gami da Majalisar Yarjejeniyar Indiya ta Duniya, sun tabbatar da cewa ba shi da laifi game da laifukan.) Fim din ya kuma tattauna shugaban kabilanci Dick Wilson.

## Tarihi
Akwai kisan kai da yawa da ba a warware su ba da kuma harbe-harbe a kan ajiyar, wanda ya haifar da rikice-rikicen al'adu tsakanin Sioux na gargajiya da na Amurka. An gayyaci Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka (AIM) zuwa ajiyar don taimakawa tabbatar da dabi'un gargajiya. An kafa shi ne a gidan Calvin Jumping Bull a gefen kudancin Oglala. "Abin da ya faru a Oglala" ya haifar da binciken FBI game da takalma da aka sace. Jimmy Eagle, daya daga cikin matasa na AIM, an yi tunanin ya ɗauki takalma biyu bayan yaƙi, kuma jami'an FBI guda biyu, suna so su yi magana da shi game da shi, sun bi motar da suka yi tunanin yana tuki zuwa sansanin AIM, wanda ya haifar da harbi wanda ya bar duka biyu sun mutu.

## Godiya gaisuwa
An zabi Apted don Kyautar Critics a 1992 don fim din.

## Manazarta
William Gibson (mai fafutukar NAACP)

**William F. Gibson** (23 ga Nuwamba, 1933 - 2 ga Mayu, 2002)  ya kasance likitan hakora na Afirka wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kungiyar National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) daga 1985 zuwa 1995.

Gibson ta kammala karatu a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina A&T da Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Meharry . Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban reshen yankin NAACP a Greenville, South Carolina kafin ya gaji Margaret Bush Wilson a matsayin shugaban kasa. A matsayinsa na shugaban, ya karfafa rajistar masu jefa kuri'a kuma ya yi aiki don kara damar tattalin arziki ga 'yan Afirka na Afirka. A cikin 1995 mambobin kwamitin NAACP sun kada kuri'a 30-29 don maye gurbin Gibson da Myrlie Evers-Williams, gwauruwar Medgar Evers.

Gibson ya mutu daga ciwon daji yana da shekaru 69 a Greenville a ranar 2 ga Mayu, 2002. 

## Manazarta
SELCO Indiya

**SELCO Solar Light Pvt. Ltd.** kamfani ne na zamantakewa wanda ke zaune a Bangalore, Indiya. SELCO ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen inganta yanayin rayuwa na gidaje matalauta a yankunan karkara na Indiya musamman a jihar Karnataka ta hanyar shiga tsakani na Hasken rana da ƙananan murhun hayaki. Don nuna godiya ga ayyukan da aka yi don rage gibin samun damar makamashi, an ba SELCO lambar yabo ta Ashden Awards (wanda aka fi sani da Green Oscars) sau biyu, a cikin shekaru 2005 da 2007.  SELCO India an kafa ta ne a cikin 1995 ta hanyar Dr.Harish Hande wani tsohon jami'in IIT Kharagpur tare da kudade na INR 15,000 daga wanda ya kafa shi Mr. Neville Williams. SELCO India ta shigar da tsarin hasken rana a cikin gidaje 2,000,000 har zuwa yau.

Gidauniyar Selco ta e-shala (e-school) aikin tana ɗaukar ilimi ga yara a yankunan karkara, galibi a yankunan da ba su da wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da na'urar adana wutar lantarki, mai nuna LED da kwamfutar hannu da aka ɗora da abun ciki.

## Tarihi
A cikin 1995, biyun sun haɗu don samun SELCO a matsayin kamfanin sabis na makamashi wanda ke mai da hankali kan biyan bukatun mutanen da ba su da isasshen damar samun makamashi. Da farko, SELF ta dauki mafi rinjaye a cikin sabon kamfanin, tare da Williams a matsayin Shugaban, yayin da Hande ya riƙe matsayin hannun jari na 'yan tsiraru da kuma matsayin Manajan Darakta.

SELCO India daga ƙarshe ta kasance a cikin 1995 a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Hande da Neville Williams, shugaban Asusun Hasken Hasken Haske (SELF). An sami tallafin kudi a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1996 daga Winrock International wanda ya fitar da rancen $ 150,000 a karkashin aikin kasuwanci na makamashi mai sabuntawa na USAID. Wannan duk da haka ya kasance a kan yanayin da SELCO INDIA ta kirkiro wasu cibiyoyin sabis na hasken rana kuma ta shigar da mafi ƙarancin tsarin. SELCO ya fara ne da samfurin kudi wanda kowane abokin ciniki zai biya kashi 25% na farashin da aka biya a matsayin biyan kuɗi kuma zai ci gaba da biyan kuɗi na kowane wata wanda yake da araha kuma a cikin matsakaicin kasafin kuɗi na iyali a yankin. Tare da wannan, SELCO India ta kuma ba da garantin shekara guda ga garantin mai ƙera tare da sabis na kyauta na shekara guda da garantin dawo da kuɗi na kwanaki 90. An biya rancen ga Winrock a shekara ta 2000.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Astrothelium chulumanense

***Astrothelium chulumanense*** wani nau'in da ba a san shi sosai ba ne na corticolous (mazaunin barki), lichen crustose a cikin iyalin Trypetheliaceae . An samo shi a cikin gandun daji na Yungas na Bolivia, an bayyana shi a matsayin sabon nau'in a cikin 2023. Ana nuna shi ta hanyar pseudostromata ba ya bambanta da launi daga Tallus, perithecia da aka nutsar da shi ga mafi yawan bangarorin a cikin thallus tare da ɓangaren sama da aka ɗaga sama kuma an rufe shi da launin orange, apical da ostioles, rashin lichexanthone, hamathecium mai haske, asci mai ƙwayoyin takwas, da babba, muriform ascospores tare da tsananin tsakiya mai tsayi.

## Tarihin lissafi
*Astrothelium chulumanense* don an bayyana shi a matsayin sabon zuwa kimiyya a cikin 2023 ta masanin ilimin kimiyya Adam Flakus, Martin Kukwa, da André Aptroot . An tattara holotype a lardin Sud Yungas na Sashen La Paz, Bolivia, kusa da Estación Biológica Santiago de Chirca, kusa da garin Chulumani ; tsayin daka ya kai . An sanya wa nau'in suna bayan nau'in wurinsa . 

## Bayyanawa
thallus na *Astrothelium chulumanense* corticate ne, tare da mara daidaituwa kuma ƙasa mai ɗan haske. Pseudostromata an ɗaga sama da thallus kuma suna da siffa mai siffar wart. Ascomata suna cikin nau'i na perithecia ; su ne pyriform zuwa hemispherical, kuma a hade. Asci yana da 8-spored, kuma ascospores suna distoseptate, hyaline, da muriform mai yawa, tare da gelatinous Layer a cikin ƙananan matakai da kuma tsaka-tsakin tsaka- tsakin tsaka tsaki. 

Yankin thallus da kuma pseudostromata duka suna nuna alamar orange-yellow UV. An gano alamar wani abu da ba a san shi ba a cikin thallus ta hanyar Chromatography mai laushi. Sakamakon gwajin sinadarai na yau da kullun sune: K−, C−, KC−, a cikin thallus; UV + (orange-yellow) a saman thallus da pseudostromata, da K + (ja) don ɓangaren bayyane na perithecia.

### Irin waɗannan nau'o'in
'Astrothelium chulumanense yana da ikon da phylogenetically kuma yana kama da A. robustum  . Dukkanin jinsunan suna da ascomata tare da ostioles da aka Uba, amma ascospores a cikin A. robustum suna da tsakanin 5 da 7 septa (ko da yake wani lokacin kamar 3 ko kusan 9). Ana iya ganin A. chulumanense  daga wasu nau'ikan Astrothelium ta hanyar ta musamman ta, gami da pseudostromata ba ya nuna da launi daga thallus, amsawar UV mai launin orange-yellow, rashin lichexanthone, perithe babbacia da aka nutse don yawan jama'a a cikin thallus, apical da rushe ostioles, apical da rushe ostioles, mu da kuma 8the ascospores tare da medianta.

## Gida da rarraba
*Astrothelium chulumanense* a halin yanzu an san shi ne kawai daga irin yankin da ke cikin gandun daji na Yungas a Bolivia.

## Manazarta
Ciénaga Grande na Santa Marta

**Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta** ( Mutanen Espanya don **Babban Marsh na Saint Martha** ) shine mafi girma daga cikin kwararowar fadama dake cikin Colombia tsakanin Kogin Magdalena da Saliyo de Santa Marta . Tana da fadin kasa  kuma nasa ne na tsarin ƙetare na Kogin Madgalena.  An raba shi da Tekun Caribbean ta kunkuntar tofa mai yashi da aka gina a cikin 1950s,  wanda ke kan titin bakin teku 90 daga Barranquilla zuwa Santa Marta . Babban tafkin ruwa yana da alaƙa da Tekun Caribbean ta hanyar kunkuntar mashigar (tashar La Barra) wacce ke tsakanin garin Pueblo Viejo da birnin Ciénaga .
 

## Manazarta
Cinikin mutane a cikin Netherlands

Netherlands ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar TIP ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 2000 a watan Yulin 2005. 

A cewar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, fataucin mutane a cikin Netherlands matsala ce da ke shafar musamman mata da 'yan mata, waɗanda aka tilasta su yi aiki a Masana'antar jima'i. A cikin shekara ta 2009 akwai mutane 909 da aka yi rajista da fataucin mutane.

A cewar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, a cikin 2010 Netherlands ta kasance ƙasa ce ta tushe da kuma makoma ga maza, mata, da yara da ke fuskantar fataucin mutane, musamman tilasta karuwanci da aikin tilas, kodayake, zuwa ƙarami, ƙasa ce ta wucewa don irin wannan fataucin. A cewar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, kasashe biyar na asali ga wadanda abin ya shafa sune Netherlands, China, Najeriya, Hungary, da Saliyo.

Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don Kulawa da Yaki da Cin Hanci da Kasuwanci a cikin Mutane ya sanya kasar a cikin "Tier 1" a cikin 2017  da 2023 . 

A cikin 2017, mai ba da rahoto na ƙasar Holland ya kiyasta cewa fiye da mutane 6,000 ne a cikin fataucin mutane da cin zarafi jima'i da yara a kowace shekara. Kashi biyu cikin uku na mutanen da aka fataucin, kimanin mutane 4,000 a kowace shekara, sun sha wahala daga bautar jima'i da cin zarafi. Wannan rukuni ya kunshi yawancin matan Holland, gami da kananan yara (mata 1,320 a kowace shekara) waɗanda ake kira "maza masoyi" suka ci su. Sauran mutane 2,000 da aka yi wa fataucin mutane galibi baƙi ne waɗanda kungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka suka sanya su aiki.

Daga 2018 zuwa 2022, Netherlands ta gano wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane 4732 (a matsakaita kusan mutane 24 a kowane mako); 20% Dutch ne, 10% yara ne kuma 60% mata ne.

## Dubi kuma

* 'Yancin Dan Adam a cikin Netherlands # fataucin Dan Adam

## Manazarta
Hukumar Kula da Biodiversity ta Kasa

**Hukumar Kula da Biodiversity ta Kasa (NBA) ** kungiya ce mai cin gashin kanta a karkashin Ma'aikatar Muhalli, dazuzzuka da Canjin Yanayi, Gwamnatin Indiya da aka kafa a 2003 don aiwatar da tanadi a karkashin Dokar Biological Diversity, 2002, bayan Indiya ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Biological Diversation (CBD) a cikin 1992.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
Hedikwatar ta a Chennai, Indiya, tana aiki ne a matsayin mai sauƙaƙe, tsarawa da kuma ba da shawara ga Gwamnatin Indiya "a kan batutuwan kiyayewa, amfani mai ɗorewa na albarkatun halittu da kuma raba fa'idodi masu kyau da suka taso daga amfani da albarkatun halitta. "  Bugu da ƙari, tana ba da shawara kan gwamnatocin jihohi wajen gano wuraren muhimmancin bambancin halittu (hotspots na halittu) a matsayin wuraren tarihi.

A cikin 2012, NBA ta shirya taron farko na National Biodiversity Congress (NBC), wanda aka gudanar a Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala . A wannan lokacin, an kuma gudanar da taron dalibai na Biodiversity na kasa 

Tun lokacin da aka kafa ta, NBA ta goyi bayan kirkirar SBBs a cikin Jihohi 29 kuma ta sauƙaƙa kafa kusan 1,39,831 BMCs.

Hukumar Biodiversity ta Kasa tana da umarni don tsara damar samun albarkatun halittu da / ko ilimin da ke tattare da shi don bincike, binciken halittu da amfani da halittu, amfani da kasuwanci, samun haƙƙin mallaka na hankali, canja wurin sakamakon bincike da canja wurin albarkatun halitta.

Ana ba da cikakkun bayanai game da siffofin aikace-aikacen don Samun dama da Sharing (ABS) na takamaiman ayyukan a shafin yanar gizon Hukumar Biodiversity ta Kasa.

The Moot Court Association of Symbiosis Law School, Nagpur tare da hadin gwiwar Maharashtra State Biodiversity Board sun shirya gasar Moot Court ta kasa daga Disamba 3-5, 2021. J. Justin Mohan, Sakatare, Hukumar Biodiversity ta Kasa

## Hukunce-hukunce
NGT a cikin hukunce-hukuncen Chandrabhal singh, ya umarci dukkan jihohi su bi tanadin dokar kuma su kirkiro kwamitin kula da bambancin halittu da kuma rajistar bambancin halitte a cikin cikakkiyar hanya.

## Manazarta
A kai tsaye

Solairedirect kamfani ne na makamashi mai sabuntawa na duniya wanda ke mai da hankali kan hasken rana. Hedikwatar a Paris, kamfanin shine babban mai samar da wutar lantarki a Faransa kuma yana da ayyukan kasa da kasa a Amurka, Chile, Indiya  da Afirka ta Kudu. A cikin yana haɓaka, yana ginawa, ya mallaki, kuma yana aiki da tashoshin wutar lantarki. Kamfanin ya sanar da sayen ta ta Engie a watan Yulin 2015  bayan ya fice daga tsarin IPO kamfanin ya sanar a watan Afrilun 2015 . 

Kasuwancinsa ya kunshi galibi a cikin ci gaba da kuma ba da izini ga ayyukan wuraren shakatawa na hasken rana (bayyanar ƙasa, samar da bangarorin hasken rana da kayan aikin shuka, samar da ayyukan farar hula, haɗi zuwa grid na wutar lantarki na gida) da kuma sarrafawa da kiyaye waɗannan wuraren shakatawa, gami da a madadin masu saka hannun jari na uku kamfanin yana sayar da wuraren shakatawa da hasken rana. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2015, kamfanin, wanda Conquest Advisory ya ba da shawara, ya sayar da wuraren shakatawa na hasken rana guda biyu a Kudu maso Yammacin Faransa. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, an ba shi lasisi don gina 48 MW a Chile, bayan ya sami 72MW a watan Mayu a kasar, kuma ya lashe tayin 54 MW a Punjab, Indiya.

## Manazarta
Yungas na Bolivia

Yankin **[[Yungas]] na [[Bolibiya|Bolivia]]** yanki ne na gandun daji mai laushi a cikin Yungas na tsakiyar Bolivia. 

## Saitawa
Yankin yana faruwa ne a tsaunuka daga mita 400 zuwa 3,500 (1,300 zuwa 11,500)  a kan gangaren gabashin Andes a Bolivia, yana faɗaɗa zuwa ƙaramin yanki na kudu maso gabashin Peru. Ya zama yanki na sauyawa tsakanin gandun daji na Kudu maso Yammacin Amazon zuwa arewa maso gabas da Tsakiyar Andean puna da rigar puna zuwa kudu maso yamma.

## Yanayi
Yanayin yanayi a cikin wannan yankin ya bambanta daga gandun daji na wurare masu zafi zuwa ruwan sama na wurare masu wurare masu zafi. Haushi da ruwan sama da iskar kasuwanci ta arewa ke sanyawa suna ba da gudummawa ga babban danshi da hazo na Yungas.

## Tsire-tsire
Epiphytes suna da yawa kuma sun haɗa da bromeliads, orchid, da bishiyoyi-ferns (*Cyathea*). *Chusquea* bamboo wani nau'in alama ne na yankin.

## Dabbobi
Dabbobi masu shayarwa da aka samo a cikin wannan yankin sun haɗa da beyar (*Tremarctos ornatus*), cat na Geoffroy (*Leopardus geoffroyi*), lowland tapir (*Tapirus terrestris*), Jaguar (*Panthera onca*), Jaguarundi (*Herpailurus yagouaroundi*), pacarana (Dinomys branic), da dwarf brocketkii deer (Mazama Cathy). 

Nau'in tsuntsaye masu ban sha'awa sun haɗa da tapaculo mai laushi (*Scytalopus schulenbergi*), tanager mai laushi mai laushi. (*Stilpnia meyerdeschauenseei*), zakara na Andes (*Rupicola peruvianus*), da kuma curassow mai laushi na kudanci (*Pauxi unicornis*). 

## Amfani da Mutum
Yungas na Bolivia shine cibiyar al'ummar Afro-Bolivian.

Hanyar Yungas, wacce aka sani da haɗari, ta haɗa La Paz zuwa Yungas na Bolivia.

## Yankunan da aka kare
Yankin da ke da tsawo, ruwan sama mai yawa, da kuma samun dama mai wuya sun kiyaye yawancin wannan yankin a cikin yanayin halitta. 49.37% na yankin yana cikin wuraren da aka kiyaye. Sun hada da:

* Gidan shakatawa na Amboró
* Gidan shakatawa na Bahuaja-Sonene
* Gidan shakatawa na Carrasco
* Gidan shakatawa na Cotapata da kuma Yankin Gudanar da Halitta
* Hasken rana na halitta
* Gidan shakatawa na Incacasani Altamachi
* Gidan shakatawa na Isiboro da Yankin 'yan asalin ƙasar
* Gidan shakatawa na Madidi
* Pilón Lajas Biosphere Reserve da Communal Lands
* Gidan shakatawa na Tunari

## Manazarta
Amurka mai dadi

Sweet America shi ne kundi na goma sha biyu na Buffy Sainte-Marie kuma ta ƙarshe kafin ta yi ritaya daga kiɗa don aiki a kan Sesame Street da ilimi. An sadaukar da kundin ga Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka  kuma ya ƙunshi wasu waƙoƙi tare da waƙoƙin kabilanci da murya waɗanda daga baya ta haɓaka a dawowarta ta 1992 Coincidence da Likely Stories .

Bayan rabuwa da MCA Records, Sainte-Marie ta sanya hannu tare da ABC Records, sannan gidan irin waɗannan masu fasaha kamar Steely Dan, farkon Pointer Sisters, Isaac Hayes da James Gang. Kodayake Sweet America ta sami ɗan kulawa daga manema labarai fiye da kundin MCA guda biyu *Buffy* da Changing Woman, yawancin sake dubawa ba su da kyau. Lokacin da MCA ta sami ABC Records a 1979, Sweet America ta fita daga bugawa tare da kundin MCA guda biyu, kuma sauran kwafin ba a rarraba su ba. Da'awar  cewa ta yi ritaya ne saboda rushewar ABC Records ba zai yiwu ba saboda ba ta yi rikodin sama da shekaru uku ba lokacin da lakabin ya rushe.

## Jerin waƙoƙi
Duk waƙoƙin da Buffy Sainte-Marie ta rubuta sai dai inda aka lura.

### Bayanan waƙa

* "Wynken, Blynken and Nod" daga baya The Doobie Brothers ne suka rubuta shi a kan kundin Sesame Street na 1980 In Harmony kuma an haɗa shi a cikin akwatin da aka saita *[[Long Train Runnin': 1970-2000]]*.
* An sake yin rikodin "Starwalker" a cikin kundi na dawowa na 1992 Coincidence da Likely Stories .
* "Sweet America" da kundi na farko  "Free The Lady" dukansu an rubuta su ne a asali a kan kundin RCA na 1973 mai suna *Blue Sky*.
* "Dubi Gaskiya" an sake yin rikodin (tare da wasu canje-canje na waƙa) kuma an sake masa suna "Carry It On," a cikin kundin ta na 2015 Power in the Blood .
* "Qu'appelle Valley, Saskatchewan" daga baya ƙungiyar New Wave ta Burtaniya Red Box ta rufe shi, wanda ya fitar da shi a 1984 a matsayin na biyu. Daga baya ya bayyana a cikin kundin su na 1985 The Circle & the Square .

## Manazarta
Chester Gillespie

**Chester K. Gillespie** (1897-1985) lauya ne kuma ɗan siyasa wanda ya yi aiki don haƙƙin ɗan adam a Cleveland, Ohio . 

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Gillespie a Home City, Ohio  ga Warren da Lulu Trail Gillespie . Ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Jihar Ohio sannan kuma daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Kwalejin Baldwin-Wallace a shekarar 1920. Ya yi aiki sau uku a Babban Taron Ohio a 1933-34, 1939-40, da 1943-44. Ya kasance dan jam'iyyar Republican.

Ya yi aiki a cikin Sojojin Amurka a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu .  Shi da abokin aikin lauya Clayborne George an hana su sararin ofis a cikin gine-gine a cikin garin Cleveland saboda su 'yan Afirka ne.

Gillespie ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban reshen Cleveland na Ƙungiyar Ƙasa don Ci gaban Mutanen Launi (NAACP) a cikin 1936 da 1937. 

## Manazarta
Cinikin mutane a cikin Philippines

Cinikin mutane da karuwanci na yara ya kasance muhimmiyar matsala a Philippines, sau da yawa ana sarrafa shi ta ƙungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka. Cinikin mutane laifi ne ga bil'adama.

Tare da Philippines da ke da yawan baƙi, ana cin zarafin maza a cikin kamun kifi, gine-gine, da ayyukan noma. Duk da haka, ana cin zarafin mata a cikin gida da kuma matsayin mai kulawa. Ana amfani da yara don jima'i da fataucin yara.

A kokarin magance matsalar, Philippines ta zartar da R.A. 9208, Dokar Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003, dokar azabtarwa game da fataucin mutane, yawon shakatawa na jima'i, Bautar jima'i da karuwancin yara. A shekara ta 2006, an bayar da rahoton tilasta aiki ba daidai ba ne. Amma a shekara ta 2017, Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don Kulawa da Yaki da Cin Hanci da Kasuwanci a cikin Mutane ya sanya kasar a cikin "Tier 1" (cikakken bin ka'idojin mafi ƙarancin Dokar Kare Wadanda Kasuwanci ta Amurka). 

## Kididdiga
An undated United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) document estimated that 60,000 to 100,000 children in the Philippines were involved in prostitution rings as of 2009. According to the International Labour Organization (ILO) about 100,000 children were involved in prostitution . There is a high incidence of child prostitution in tourist areas. An undetermined number of children are forced into exploitative labour operations.

Ya zuwa 2020, an sanya Philippines a matsayin Tier 1 a cikin Rahoton Kasuwanci a cikin Mutane na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka (Amurka) bayan ƙoƙari mai yawa.

## Yankunan matsaloli da tarihi
Wani rahoto da Vatican ta buga a shekara ta 2004 ya bayyana cewa: Philippines tana da mummunar matsalar fataucin mata da yara da aka dauka ba bisa ka'ida ba a cikin masana'antar yawon bude ido don cin zarafin jima'i. Wuraren da ke cikin ƙasar sune Metro Manila, Angeles City, Olongapo City, garuruwa a Bulacan, Batangas, Cebu City, Davao da Cagayan de Oro City da sauran wuraren shakatawa na jima'i kamar Puerto Galera, Pagsanjan, San Fernando Pampanga, da wuraren shakatawa da yawa a duk faɗin ƙasar. Alkawarin masu daukar ma'aikata yana ba mata da yara ayyuka masu kyau a cikin ƙasar ko a ƙasashen waje, kuma a maimakon haka ana tilasta su kuma ana tilasta musu da sarrafa su cikin masana'antar jima'i ga masu yawon bude ido

### Puerto Galera
Akwai lokuta da yawa na cin zarafin yara da aka ruwaito a Puerto Galera, wani wurin shakatawa na rairayin bakin teku a Tsibirin Mindoro sa'o'i uku a kudancin Manila. Yankin ya fi so ga masu lalata yara na kasashen waje da ke neman yara. An bayyana Puerto Galera a cikin 1997 a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan wurare biyar na Philippines don karuwancin yara.

## Manazarta
Servotech

**Servotech** (wanda aka fi sani da Servotech Renewable Power Systems Limited) kamfani ne na makamashi mai sabuntawa na Indiya, wanda ke da hedikwata a New Delhi, Indiya .

## Tarihi
Kamfanin, wanda aka kafa a shekara ta 2004 a matsayin Servotech Power Systems Limited, yana ƙera samfuran da suka shafi hasken rana kuma ya faɗaɗa ayyukansa cikin ci gaban cajin AC-DC don motocin lantarki. Har ila yau, yana da hannu a cikin samar da caji na DC mai sauri da caji AC na gida. Da farko, kamfanin ya fara kasuwancinsa tare da gabatar da masu juyawa na sine wave don aikace-aikacen kasuwanci da na cikin gida. Baya ga ainihin kayan hasken rana, kamfanin yana cikin masana'antar fitilun LED, fitilun titin hasken rana. A cikin 2017, kamfanin ya fito fili, ya lissafa a kan dandalin SME na Kasuwancin Kasuwanci na Indiya a ranar 24 ga watan Agusta kuma a cikin 2021 ya yi ƙaura zuwa babban allon NSE. Kuma, a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2024, ya sake sanya kansa zuwa Servotech Renewable Power Systems Limited a watan Disambar shekara ta 2024.  

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2025, Errol Musk ya shiga kamfanin a matsayin memba na kwamitin ba da shawara na duniya na kamfanin.

## Ayyuka
Servotech yana da ƙarfin masana'antu na raka'a 300,000 a kowane wata a wurinsa a Sonipat, Haryana .  Ya zuwa Maris 2024, kamfanin yana gina sabon masana'antar masana'antu wanda aka sadaukar don samar da Modules na Power, Control Circuits, da PLCs - mahimman abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin caji na EV. Da farko, wannan sabon wurin zai sami damar samar da kayan aikin wutar lantarki 24,000 a kowace shekara, tare da shirye-shiryen haɓaka samarwa zuwa kayan aikin wutar wutar lantarki 240,000 a kowace shekara.

### Shirin EnerMAAS
Aikin *EnerMAAS*, wanda Ma'aikatar Harkokin Tattalin Arziki da Yanayi ta Tarayyar Jamus ta tallafawa, zai gudana na tsawon shekaru 2.7. Don tallafawa wannan shirin, Servotech ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da LESSzwei GmbH don haɓaka cikakkun kayan aikin caji na EV mai amfani da hasken rana don micromobility a Jamus. Aikin zai gabatar da tashoshin caji na BIKE-Port da ke jagorantar AI, kowannensu yana iya caji hudu masu ƙafa biyu tare da jimlar fitar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana na 3.3 kW. Servotech za ta ƙera raka'a 100, ta tura tashoshin biyu a cikin birane 50, yayin da LESSzwei za ta haɓaka AI da kayan aikin aikace-aikace.&nbsp;

## Wasanni
Kamfanin ya mallaki kungiyar *Servotech Siliguri Strikers* a cikin Bengal Pro T20 League . 

## Manazarta
Dwarf brocket

Dabbobin dwarf (Mazama Cathy), ko Cathy, ƙananan nau'in dabbobi ne  'yan asalin tsaunuka na Andean a yammacin Bolivia da kudu maso gabashin Peru, inda ake samun su a cikin gandun daji da páramo. Fuskarsa tana da launin ruwan kasa tare da launin toka mai duhu da wuyansa. Ƙananan suna da launin ruwan kasa, kuma ƙuƙwalwar gajere kuma tana da kauri. Yana da nauyin kusan 11 kg.&nbsp;

Wani nau'in da aka yi nazari sosai game da shi, IUCN tana ɗaukar dwarf brocket a matsayin Vulnerable. Bincike ya faru a cikin gandun daji na Bolivia, fadada sanannun yankuna da rarrabawar ƙasa; yayin da kusan kashi 40% na mazaunin ya lalace ko ya ragargaje, sauran sun nuna kiyayewa mai kyau. Wannan ya haifar da shawarar bi da shi a matsayin Mai rauni.

## Manazarta
Cryptobatrachus boulengeri

***Cryptobatrachus boulengeri***, wanda aka fi sani da **Boulenger's backpack frog**, nau'in kwari ne a cikin iyalin Hemiphractidae . Yana da iyaka a Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta a arewacin Colombia. takamaiman suna yana girmama George Albert Boulenger, sanannen masanin ilimin dabbobi.  

## Bayyanawa
Manya maza suna auna 34-49  in) kuma manya mata 51-72  in) a tsawon hanci. Kunnen yana da tsawo sosai. Tambarin yana da girma  maza fiye da mata. Ƙarƙashin baya suna da ƙanƙanta. Fata a kan dorsum yana da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta tare da warts masu girma. Hannunsu ba su da sutura. Hanyoyin yatsan hannu da yatsan hannu suna ɗauke da manyan diski. Subarticular adhesive pads suna nan.

Kwayoyin mata suna ɗauke da ƙwai a bayansu. Kwayoyin suna da ci gaba kai tsaye, suna furewa a matsayin froglets  (watau, babu wani matakin larval mai rai kyauta ).

## Gida da kiyayewa
Ana samun *Cryptobatrachus boulengeri* a kan duwatsu a cikin raƙuman ruwa masu saurin gudana a cikin gandun daji na farko da na biyu a tsaunuka na 250-1,790   sama da matakin teku. Wannan nau'in yana da yawa a duk faɗin kewayonsa, amma yana fuskantar barazanar asarar mazaunin da aikin gona ya haifar (musamman gonakin kofi), katako, da ci gaban ababen more rayuwa. Kashe gandun daji a kusa da rafi wani barazana ne na musamman. Ƙarin barazanar da za a iya yi amfani da ita ita ita ce Chitridiomycosis da gurɓataccen abu daga kayan aikin gona. Koyaya, kewayonsa ya haɗa da yankuna masu kariya da yawa, gami da Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta da Tayrona National Natural Parks . 

## Manazarta
Yankin Sub-Paleogene

**Yankin Sub-Paleogene** wani yanki ne na lalacewa wanda ke cikin kudancin Ingila. A wasu sassan Sub-Paleogene surface sun bayyana a matsayin shimfidar wuri kuma sassan a matsayin rashin daidaituwa a ƙarƙashin turɓaya na zamanin Paleogene. An kafa farfajiyar ne ta hanyar rushewar chalklands a Ingila biyo bayan koma baya a zamanin Maastrichtian. Lokacin da aka kafa farfajiyar an kiyasta shi ta hanyar kwatanta shekarun ƙwanƙwasawa na ƙarshe na Maastrichtian don ajiya da shekarun farkon Paleogene sediment don rufe farfajilar. Wannan yana samar da wani bangare tsakanin shekaru 71-73 da suka gabata (Mya) da 59.3 Mya.

An yi muhawara game da dalilin koma baya da kuma lalacewar sama da matakin teku. An haɗa shi da canjin matakin teku, Alpine orogeny kuma - kwanan nan - zuwa fuka-Furen Iceland.

An riga an san farfajiyar a matsayin Sub-Eocene har sai an gano cewa wasu datti da ke rufe farfajilar a zahiri Paleogene ne.

## Manazarta
Raouché

**Raouche** ( Arabic     ) unguwa ce ta zama da kasuwanci a Beirut, Lebanon . An san shi da manyan gine-ginen gidaje, gidajen cin abinci da yawa, da wuraren cin abinci na gefen dutse da ke layin Avenue de Paris, wanda ya zama wani ɓangare na Corniche Beirut .

A bakin tekun Raouché, akwai wata alama ta halitta da ake kira Pigeons' Rock (wanda aka fi sani da Rock of Raouché), wanda ya kunshi dutse guda biyu.

## Magana

Kalmar raouche ta fito ne daga kalmar Faransanci "dutse", wanda ke nufin dutse.

## Tarihi
Yankin da ke kusa da Raouché sun samar da tsoffin shaidar yankin game da wanzuwar mutum, duwatsu da kayan aikin dutse na asali, waɗanda aka nuna a Gidan Tarihin Archaeological na Jami'ar Beirut ta Amurka.

## Matsayi na yanzu
Yankin da ke kusa da Raouché, wanda ake kira 'Dalieh', a halin yanzu ana sayar da shi ga masu haɓaka ƙasa. An fara kamfen a farkon shekara ta 2014 game da mallakar Raouché da yankin da ke kusa da shi - wanda ake kira al-Dalieh - wanda da farko ake kira "Na ƙarshe wanda ya rage".

## Manazarta