Dutsen kaza

Dutse na kaza, wanda kuma ake kira dutse mai tushe, ko dutse mai tasowa, dutse ne na halitta wanda siffarsa, kamar yadda sunansa ke nunawa, yayi kama da kaza. Ana lalata duwatsun ta hanyoyi daban-daban: ta hanyar rushewa da yanayi, aikin kankara, ko kuma daga tashin hankali na kwatsam. Duwatsun ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin suna da alaƙa da, amma sun bambanta da, *yardang*.

Dutse na kaza, dutse mai tushe, ko gour wani nau'i ne na musamman wanda aka kafa ta hanyar lalata iska. A matsakaicin tsawo na ƙafa biyu zuwa uku (0.6 zuwa 0.9  daga tushe, ƙarfin ɗaukar kayan iska yana da iyakarsa, don haka abrasion (rugujewar iska wanda kayan jigilar suka buga dutse da aka fallasa kuma suka goge shi ko kuma suka guntu shi) suma an kara shi. A wasu lokuta, ana shirya duwatsu masu tsayi a kwance a kan dutse mai laushi, wanda ke haifar da irin wannan rushewa.

## Rugujewar ƙasa

Yawancin lokaci ana samun su a yankunan hamada, waɗannan duwatsu sun samo asali sama da dubban shekaru lokacin da iska ta rushe wani dutse mai nisa ke ci gaba a wani nau'i daban a kasa fiye da samansa. Abrasion ta hanyar yashi mai iska ya fi yawa a cikin ƙafafu uku na farko (0.9  sama da ƙasa, yana haifar da tushe na outcrops don lalacewa da sauri fiye da saman su. Ruwa mai gudana na iya samun irin wannan sakamako. Misali na irin wannan dutsen kaza shine wanda ke cikin Timna Park, Isra'ila.

Lokaci-lokaci, sinadarin sinadarai na duwatsu na iya zama muhimmiyar mahimmanci; idan ɓangaren saman dutsen ya fi tsayayya da rushewar sinadarai da yanayin yanayi, yana lalacewa a hankali fiye da tushe. Misali, rushewar da aka danganta da yanayin sinadarai a gindin dutsen saboda tarin raɓa kusa da farfajiya.

Dutse na ƙwai na iya samuwa daga asalin wuri mai laushi na dutse mai laushi wanda ke rufe dutse mai taushi, kama da tsarin duwatsu waɗanda ke samar da ruwa. Yanayin yanayi na dutse mai wuya da aka fallasa a ƙarshe ya fallasa ƙananan dutse zuwa rushewa daga iska, ruwa, gishiri, da dai sauransu, dangane da yanayin yankin. Layer na dutse mai laushi yana da sauƙin lalacewa, wanda ke haifar da kafa bakin ciki ko fashewa. Duwatsun da ke sama da su suna tsayayya da wannan tsari, kuma suna iya ƙare a matsayin duwatsun ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da ke tsaye sama da sabon, ƙananan fili.

Yanayin rushewar iska shine cewa yana mai da hankali kan 'yan ƙafa a ƙasa - saurin iska yana ƙaruwa tare da tsawo, amma nauyin sediment yana raguwa. Wannan yana nufin cewa haɗuwa da mafi girman nauyin sediment da saurin iska ya kasance a cikin 'yan ƙafa a ƙasa, wanda ke haifar da ƙuntataccen halayen goyon baya a wannan tsawo.

## Ayyukan kankara
Ya bambanta da dutsen kaza da aka kafa ta hanyar rushewar dutse ɗaya, waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna da nau'in dutse mai daidaitawa wanda aka kafa daga duwatsu biyu daban-daban, ɗaya daga cikinsu ya zo ya huta a saman ɗayan. Yawanci, dutsen da ya fi girma an kai shi kuma an ajiye shi ta hanyar jinkirin aikin kankara. Ƙananan ɓangaren dutsen na iya ko kuma ba su da wani mataki na rushewa don jaddada siffar kaza.

## Misalan

* Gidan shakatawa na Sierra de Órganos, Sombrerete, Mexico
* Ciudad Encantada, Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha, Spain
* Goblin Valley State Park, Utah, Amurka
* Gülşehir, Nevşehir da Turkiyya
* Gidan shakatawa na Mushroom Rock, Kansas, Amurka
* Phae Mueang Phi, Thailand
* Kayan kaza na dutse, Bulgaria
* Hopewell Rocks, New Brunswick, Kanada
* White Desert, Misira
* Wadi Rum, Jordan
* Kwarin Chulyshman, Rasha

## Manazarta