Thomas Baker (mai jirgin sama)

**Thomas Charles Richmond Baker**, DFC, MM & Bar (2 ga Mayu 1897 - 4 ga Nuwamba 1918) ya kasance sojan Australiya, mai jirgin sama, kuma mai tashi a yakin duniya na farko . An haife shi a Smithfield, Kudancin Ostiraliya, ya kasance mai wasan motsa jiki a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa kuma ya ci gaba da sha'awar jirgin sama. Ya yi aiki a matsayin magatakarda tare da Bankin New South Wales, kafin ya shiga cikin Sojojin Daular Australiya a watan Yulin 1915, don hidima a Yaƙin Duniya na I. An tura shi zuwa ƙungiyar bindigogi a Yammacin Gabas, an ba shi lambar yabo ta Soja don aiwatar da gyare-gyare da yawa a kan layin sadarwa yayin da yake ƙarƙashin mummunan wuta. A watan Yunin 1917, an ba Baker mashaya ga kayan ado saboda rawar da ya taka wajen murkushe wuta a daya daga cikin ramukan bindigogi wanda ke barazana ga kusan zagaye 300 na shrapnel da babban fashewa.

A watan Satumbar 1917, Baker ya nemi matsayi a matsayin injiniya a cikin Australian Flying Corps . A maimakon haka an zaba shi don horar da jirgin sama, kuma an tura shi zuwa darussan a Ingila. Ya kammala karatu a matsayin matukin jirgi kuma an ba shi umurni a matsayin mataimakin na biyu a watan Maris na shekara ta 1918. An sanya shi don aiki a Faransa a wannan watan Yuni, Baker ya shiga cikin No. 4 Squadron AFC. A cikin watanni huɗu masu zuwa, ya tashi zuwa matsayin kyaftin kuma an yaba shi da saukar da jirgin saman Jamus 12. An harbe shi kuma an kashe shi a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 1918. A watan Fabrairun 1919, an ba shi lambar yabo ta Distinguished Flying Cross bayan mutuwarsa.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Thomas Charles Richmond Baker a Smithfield, Kudancin Ostiraliya,  a ranar 2 ga Mayu 1897, ɗan fari na Richmond Baker, malamin makaranta kuma manomi, da matarsa Annie Martha (née Gardner). Ya yi karatu a Adelaide" id="mwKw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="St Peter's College, Adelaide">Kwalejin St Peter a Adelaide. A lokacin da yake makaranta Baker ya kasance dan wasa mai aiki, yana shiga cikin motsa jiki, wasan tennis da kwallon kafa, ban da kasancewa memba na ƙungiyar cadet. A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, ya sami sha'awar jirgin sama, kuma gina samfurin jirgin sama ya zama "babban sha'awarsa". Bayan kammala karatunsa daga makarantar sakandare a shekara ta 1914, ya sami aiki a matsayin magatakarda tare da reshen Adelaide na Bankin New South Wales. A wannan lokacin, ya shiga 11th Royal Australian Engineers of the Citizens Military Force.

## Yaƙin Duniya na farko

### Sojojin Daular Australiya
A ranar 29 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1915, Baker ya shiga cikin Sojojin Daular Australiya don aiki a lokacin yakin duniya na farko. An sanya shi a matsayin ƙarfafawa ga 6th Field Artillery Brigade tare da matsayi mai bindiga, ya tashi daga Melbourne a cikin HMAT Persic a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba, yana kan hanyar zuwa Masar. Lokacin da ya isa, an tura Baker zuwa Batir na 16 kafin ya koma *Farisa* don aiki a Yammacin Gabas. Lokacin da ya sauka a Faransa a ranar 1 ga Yulin 1916, Baker ya shiga cikin hare-haren Somme.[1]

A ranar 11 ga Disamba 1916, Baker ya shiga yaƙi tare da ƙungiyarsa kusa da Gueudecourt . A lokacin aikin, an sanya shi a matsayin mai ba da waya tare da ƙungiyar lura da gaba da aka aika don yin rikodin faduwar bindigogi da kuma tabbatar da kewayon don bombardment. Matsayinsu a wannan lokacin ya kasance a kan gangaren gaba na layin gaba na Australiya, wanda ke ƙarƙashin lura da hankali da kuma hankalin 'yan bindigar Jamus. Da yake ƙoƙari ya kula da sadarwa, Baker ya fita a lokuta huɗu yayin aikin, a kowane lokaci yana ƙarƙashin manyan bindigogi daga sojojin Jamus, kuma ya gyara layin tarho a wurare talatin daban-daban. A sakamakon haka, Batirin na 16 ya sami damar daidaita bindigogin bindigoginsa kuma ya lalata rami na gaba na Jamus. An yaba wa Baker saboda "babban jaruntakarsa" da kuma "aiki mai kyau da ... babban sadaukarwa ga aiki", an ba Baker lambar yabo ta Soja. An buga sanarwar kayan ado a cikin kari ga The London Gazette a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu 1917.

A cikin 1917, an sake komawa Batir na 16 zuwa ɓangaren Messines na gaba a Belgium. A ranar 16 ga watan Maris, an kwantar da Baker a asibiti yana fama da rashin lafiya; ya koma ƙungiyarsa bayan kwana shida. A lokacin da rana a ranar 21 ga Yuni, matsayin naúrar ya kasance ƙarƙashin mummunar bombardment na harbe-harbe, wanda ya haifar da umarni ga dukkan maza su kwashe ramukan bindigogi kuma su nemi kariya. A sakamakon barga, camouflage da ke rufe daya daga cikin ramukan bindigogi ya kama wuta, yana jefa kusan zagaye 300 na shrapnel da manyan fashewa cikin haɗari. Babban sajan batir nan da nan ya kira maza da su taimaka masa wajen kashe gobarar; Baker da wasu uku sun ba da kansu. Duk da ci gaba da harbe-harbe, maza huɗu nan da nan suka fara dawo da ruwa daga rijiyar da ke kusa da kuma ramuka tare da guga "a babban haɗari na mutum", suna kashe wuta. An lalata camouflage gaba ɗaya, jakunkuna da yawa na yashi sun kama wuta, kuma an ƙone wasu zagaye na harsashi. A sakamakon ayyukansu, an ba da shawarar abokan Baker guda uku don lambar yabo ta Soja, kuma Baker don mashaya ga nasa.  An gabatar da sanarwar kayan ado a cikin kari ga *London Gazette* a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta 1917.

### Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Australiya

## Manazarta