Tasirin annobar COVID-19 a kan muhalli

Cutar COVID-19 ta yi tasiri ga muhalli, tare da canje-canje a cikin ayyukan ɗan adam wanda ke haifar da canje-canjen wucin gadi a cikin gurɓataccen iska, hayakin gas da ingancin ruwa. Kamar yadda annobar ta zama rikicin kiwon lafiya na duniya a farkon 2020, martani daban-daban na kasa ciki har da kulle-kulle da Ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da babbar matsala ga al'umma, tafiye-tallace, amfani da makamashi da Ayyukan tattalin arziki, wani lokacin ana kiransu "anthropause". Kamar yadda aka ɗaga matakan kiwon lafiya na jama'a daga baya a cikin annobar, wani lokacin ana tattauna tasirinsa dangane da tasirin aiwatar da sauye-sauyen makamashi mai sabuntawa da rage sauyin yanayi.

Tare da farawar cutar, an lura da wasu sakamako masu kyau a kan muhalli sakamakon rashin aiki na mutum. A cikin 2020, hayakin carbon dioxide ya fadi da 6.4% ko tan biliyan 2.3 a duniya. A watan Afrilu na 2020, hayakin  ya fadi da kashi 30%. A kasar Sin, kulle-kulle da sauran matakan sun haifar da raguwar kashi 26% a cikin amfani da kwal, da kuma raguwar kashi 50% a cikin hayakin nitrogen oxide. Rashin iskar gas ya sake dawowa daga baya a cikin annobar yayin da kasashe da yawa suka fara ɗaga takunkumi, tare da tasirin kai tsaye na manufofin annobar da ke da tasiri na dogon lokaci akan Canjin yanayi.

## Tarihi

### Batutuwan muhalli
Ƙarin adadin iska gas tun farkon zamanin Masana'antu ya haifar da matsakaicin yanayin zafi na duniya a duniya ya tashi. Canjin yanayi ya haifar da narkewar kankara, karuwar yanayi mai tsanani, asarar jinsuna, gobarar daji akai-akai, da hauhawar matakan teku. Kafin annobar COVID-19, matakan da ake sa ran hukumomin kiwon lafiya za su ba da shawarar idan akwai annobar sun hada da keɓewa da nisantar jama'a. A lokaci guda, takardar bincike da aka buga a cikin 2018 ta yi hasashen cewa raguwar ayyukan tattalin arziki zai yi niyya ga batutuwan da aka haifar ta hanyar dumamar yanayi; zai dakatar da hauhawar yanayin zafi, da kuma rage iska da gurɓataccen ruwa, da kuma amfanin muhalli. An lura da alaƙar da ke tsakanin ayyukan ɗan adam da muhalli a cikin rikice-rikicen kiwon lafiyar jama'a daban-daban a baya, kamar a lokacin mura na Mutanen Espanya da annobar kyanda, kuma an sake lura da ita tare da annobar COVID-19.

### Cutar COVID-19
A ranar 11 ga Maris 2020, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta ayyana barkewar COVID-19 a matsayin annoba. Ya zuwa 5 ga Yulin 2020, kasashe ko yankuna 188 sun ba da rahoton kamuwa da COVID-19.  Ya zuwa Nuwamba 2021, ci gaba da annobar COVID-19 ta kashe mutane sama da miliyan 5. A sakamakon tsananin kwayar cutar, yawancin ƙasashe sun kafa kulle-kulle don kare mutane, rage yaduwar kwayar cutar. Wadannan kulle-kulle sun rushe rayuwar yau da kullun a duk duniya, suna rage matakin da kuma yawan ayyukan ɗan adam da samarwa. 

## Ingancin iska

Saboda tasirin annobar a kan tafiya-tafiye da masana'antu, duniyar gaba ɗaya ta sami raguwar gurɓataccen iska. Rage gurɓataccen iska ya rage sauyin yanayi da haɗarin COVID-19, amma har yanzu ba a kafa wane nau'in gurɓatawar iska ba, idan akwai, haɗari ne na kowa ga duka biyun. Cibiyar Bincike kan Makamashi da Tsabtace Ruwa ta ba da rahoton cewa hanyoyin da za su iya shawo kan yaduwar SARS-CoV-2, kamar keɓewa da haramtacciyar tafiye-tafiye, sun haifar da raguwar kashi 25% na fitar da carbon a China. A cikin watan farko na kulle-kulle, kasar Sin ta samar da kimanin tan miliyan 200 na carbon dioxide fiye da na wannan lokacin a cikin 2019 saboda raguwar zirga-zirgar jiragen sama, gyaran mai, da amfani da kwal. A wannan lokacin, tafiye-tafiye na mota ya fadi da kashi 70% a Burtaniya. Wani masanin kimiyya na Tsarin Duniya ya kiyasta cewa wannan raguwa na iya ceton akalla rayuka 77,000 .  Koyaya, Sarah Ladislaw daga Cibiyar Nazarin Dabarun da Kasa da Kasa ta yi jayayya cewa raguwar hayaki sakamakon raguwar tattalin arziki bai kamata a kalli shi da fa'ida ba, saboda dawowar kasar Sin ga yawan ci gaban da suka gabata a cikin yaƙe-yaƙe na kasuwanci da rushewar sarkar samarwa a kasuwar makamashi za ta kara tasirin muhalli. Bugu da ƙari, Yanayi ya ba da rahoton cewa a cikin 2020, hayakin carbon na duniya kawai ya fadi da kashi 6.4%.

## Manazarta