Karni na Shi'a

**Karni na Shi'a** Kalma ce ta tarihi da ke nuni da lokacin da gwamnatocin Shi'a suke iko da mafi yawan kasashen musulmi. An dauke shi daya daga cikin zamanin zinare da ya shaida ci gaban al'adu da farfado da kimiyya da adabi.

A wannan zamani ne aka samu gwamnatoci da daulolin Shi'a masu karfi da tasiri, kamar daular Buyid, halifancin Fatimid, daular Hamdaniyya, daular Uqailiyya, da sauran masarautu wadanda tasirinsu ya kai ga dukkan yankuna.

Wannan zamanin ya kare ne da bullowar kungiyoyin ‘yan sunna masu tsattsauran ra’ayi da mamaya na Seljuk, kuma sakamakon abubuwan da suka gabata, samar da kimiyya a duniyar Musulunci ya ragu.

## Tushen zurfafa

##### Duk da cewa karni na Shi'a ya fara ne a tsakiyar karni na goma miladiyya, amma tasirin Shi'a yana da dadadden tushe a duniyar Musulunci. A ƙasa akwai mahimman matsayi na tarihi masu tasiri:

### Rugujewar daular Umayyawa
A zamanin Banu Umayyawa ‘yan Shi’a sun sha fama da fitina da zalunci da kisan kai a tarihi sarakunan Banu Umayya sun yi suna da zubar da jini da riko da mulki da rashin bin koyarwar addini. Sun yi kisan kiyashi da yawa a kan Ahl al-Bayt don kawar da su daga matsayinsu na gaskiya da kwace musu halifanci; Inda Banu Umayya suka kashe limamai hudu. Ta'asar Banu Umayya ta tayar da hankali a duniyar Musulunci, musamman a tsakanin 'yan Shi'a, kuma tashe-tashen hankula da dama sun taso a kansu, amma ba duka suka ci nasara ba, domin Banu Umayya sun murkushe wadannan tada kayar bayan da karfi. A karshen karni na takwas, kasar Banu Umayya ta samu wani lokaci na rauni inda yake-yake na cikin gida suka bayyana, sannan tabarbarewar tattalin arzikin kasar ta tsananta. A sakamakon haka ne ƙungiyoyin adawa suka fara ƙara tsananta musamman a Iraƙi da Khorasan, kuma mafi shaharar ƙungiyoyin su ne waɗanda suka nemi khalifanci ya kasance cikin zuriyar Imam Aliyu Ibn Abi ɗalib (a.s). Wani yunkuri kuma ya bukaci khalifanci ya kasance ga ‘ya’yan Abbas bin Abdul Muddalib.

Abbasiyawa sun yi amfani da son da Ahl al-Bayt suke da shi wajen tunzura al'ummar musulmi kuma suna dauke da taken *Gasuwar iyalan Muhammad* (Larabci: الرِّضَا مِنْ آلِ مُحَّمَد) tare da rike bakaken tuta don juyayin Imam Husaini da shahidan a Yaƙin Karbala, wannan ya kasance don samun goyon bayan al'ummar Shi'a. Lallai maza sun bayyana a lokacin juyin juya halin Abbasiyawa, ciki har da Abu Salama al-Khallal, wanda yake da dabi'un Shi'a. Abu Salamah ya ba da gudunmawa sosai wajen kafuwar daular Abbasiyyah ta hanyar basira da dukiyarsa, domin ya kashe makudan kudadensa ga mutanen juyin juya hali bayan nasarar juyin juya hali da kifar da gwamnatin Umayyawa Abu Salamah al-Khallal ya so don ayyana halifancin Alawiyyawa.

Don haka sai ya rubuta wa Imam Ja'afār as-Sadīq (a.s) takarda yana neman ya domin ya karbi halifanci, amma sai Imam ya ki ya ce: «Menene tsakanina da Abu Salamah alhali shi mabiyin wani ne?!» Sa'an nan kuma ƙone harafin. Sannan ya tuntubi manyan Alawiyyawa guda biyu, sai su biyun suka ki, sai Abu Salamah ya koma wajen Abu al-Abbas as-Saffah, shi kuma na karshe ya nada shi Wazir don haka ake ganin Abu Salamah al-Khallal shi ne farkon wanda ya rike mukamin *Wāzir* a tarihin Musulunci, amma daga karshe an kashe shi saboda halinsa na Shi'a a hannun Abu Muslim al-Khurasani bisa umarnin Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah. Bayan da Abbasawa suka hau karagar mulki sun kebe ‘yan Shi’a, sun yi musu kisan kiyashi, sun kashe limaman Ahlul Baiti, kuma zamanin zalunci ya dawo kamar yadda suke.

### Wīzarah
Kalmar Wazīr (Larabci: الوَزِير) ta fito daga Larabawa kuma tana nufin minista ko mai ba da shawara muhimmancin wannan matsayi ya karu bayan kafuwar daular Abbasiyyah. A matakai daban-daban, 'yan Shi'a sun sami damar zama waziri, kuma a tsawon wadannan lokuta sun sami damar rage zaluncin da sarakunan Abbasiyawa suke yi wa kasashen musulmi. Daga cikin jiga-jigan ‘yan Shi’a da suka rike mukamin minista akwai Yaqoub bin Daoud  (Larabci: يَعقُوب بنُ داوُد), wanda ya rike mukamin a zamanin halifa Mahdi al-Abbasi, kuma tasirinsa ya karu matuka saboda irin halayen da Al-Yaqoubi ya ambata: «a kansa mai kyakykyawan hali, mai kyawawa, mai son alheri, mai yawan kyawawan halaye, da shiriya». Malaman tarihi sun bayyana cewa, Yaqub dan Shi'a ne Zaidi, ya kawo 'yan Shi'a daga dukkan kasashen Musulunci, ya ba su mulki gabas da yamma, ya ba su duk wani abu mai kyau da daraja, kuma yanayinsu ya inganta a zamanin mulkinsa, an ce shi ne yana da ikon dukan duniya a hannunsa.

Daga baya Abu al-Hāsān Ali ibn Yaqteen ibn Musa al-Bāghdadi (Larabci: أبُو الحَسَن بنُ عَليِّ بنِ يَقطِين بنِ مُوسَى البَغدَادِي) ya zama waziri yana daga cikin fitattun mabiyan Imam Sadīq kuma daya daga cikin fitattun daliban Imam al-Kazīm yana da matsayi mai girma a cikin imamai. Ya zama minista a zamanin Haruna Rashid, kuma hakan ya kasance tare da amincewar Imam al-Kazīm don biyan bukatun 'yan Shi'a, da rage musu nauyin zalunci, da kare rayuka da dukiyoyinsu da hakkokinsu. Ali bin Yaqteen ya nemi ya yi murabus sau da yawa, amma Imam ya hana shi yin hakan, don haka ya ci gaba da wannan aiki har zuwa rasuwarsa. Saboda kokarinsa Ali bin Yaqtin ya samu yabo da yabo daga manyan limamai

Ali ibn Yāqteen ya nemi Imam Musa al-Kazīm ya ba shi izinin barin aikin gwamnati, sai Imam ya ce masa: «Kada ku yi haka, kai abokin kirki ne a gare mu, Kai ƙarfi ne ga 'yan'uwanka, watakila Allah zai gyara ɓacin rai ta wurinku, ya karya makircin masu hamayya da tsarkakan Allah...»

Imam Ali ar-Rīda ya ce: «Ali ibn Yāqteen ya rasu, kuma sahabin nasa ya gamsu da shi, ma’ana Abul Hāsān Al-Kazīm.»

## Duba kuma
* Jerin Daulolin Musulunci na Shi'a
* Shi'a

## Manazarta