Tarihin Iran

**Tarihin Iran** yana da alaƙa da tarihin babban yanki da aka sani da Greater Iran, wanda ya ƙunshi yankin daga Anatoliya a yamma zuwa iyakokin tsohuwar Indiya da Syr Darya a gabas, kuma daga Caucasus da Eurasian Steppe a cikin arewa zuwa Tekun Fasha da Tekun Oman a kudu. Tsakiyar wannan yanki ita ce Iran, wacce aka fi sani har zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20 da Farisa a yammacin duniya.

Iran gida ce ga ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin manyan ci gaba da civilization a duniya, tare da ƙauyuka na tarihi da na birane tun daga 7000 BC.  Kudu-maso-yammaci da yammacin tudun Iran sun shiga cikin al'adun gargajiya na Gabas ta Tsakiya tare da Elam (3200-539 BC), daga farkon zamanin Bronze, sannan kuma tare da wasu al'ummomi daban-daban, irin su Kassites, Mannaeans, da Gutians. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel ya kira Farisa "Mutanen Tarihi na Farko".  Medes sun hada kan Iran a matsayin kasa da daula a shekara ta 625 BC.  Daular Achaemenid (550-330 BC), wanda Cyrus the Great ya kafa, ita ce kasa ta farko ta duniya mai karfin gaske  kuma ta yi mulki daga Balkans zuwa Arewacin Afirka da kuma Asiya ta Tsakiya, ta mamaye nahiyoyi uku, daga wurin zama na iko a cikin Persis (Persepolis). Ita ce daula mafi girma da aka gani kuma ita ce daular farko ta duniya.  Daular Achaemenid ita ce kawai civilization a duk tarihi don haɗa sama da kashi 40% na al'ummar duniya, wanda ya kai kusan miliyan 49.4 na mutane miliyan 112.4 na duniya a kusan 480 BC.  Daular Seleucid, Parthian, da Sasaniya ne suka gaje su, waɗanda suka yi mulkin Iran a jere na kusan shekaru 1,000 kuma suka mai da Iran ta sake zama babbar ƙasa a duniya. Babban abokiyar hamayyar Farisa itace Daular Rum kuma wacce ta gaje ta, Daular Byzantine.

Daular Iran dai tana farawa ne a zamanin Iron Age, bayan kwararar al'ummar Iran. Mutanen Iran sun haifar da Medes, Achaemenid, Parthian, da Sasaniya dauloli na zamanin da.

Da zarar wata babbar daula, Iran ta sha fama da mamayar Masedoniyawa, Larabawa, Turkawa, da Mongols. Iran ta ci gaba da sake tabbatar da matsayinta na kasa tsawon shekaru aru-aru kuma ta ci gaba a matsayin wani yanki na siyasa da al'adu.

Yakin musulmi na Farisa (633-654) ya kawo karshen daular Sasaniya, kuma ya kasance wani sauyi a tarihin Iran. Islamization of Iran ya faru ne a cikin ƙarni na takwas zuwa na goma, wanda ya haifar da koma baya na Zoroastrianism a Iran da kuma yawancin abin dogaronta. Duk da haka, nasarorin da aka samu na wayewar Farisa da suka gabata ba su yi asara ba, sai dai sun shagaltu da sabon tsarin siyasa da wayewar Musulunci.

Iran, tare da dogon tarihinta na al'adu da dauloli na farko, ta sha wahala musamman a lokacin Late middle ages  da farkon zamani. Yawan mamaye kabilun makiyaya, wadanda shugabanninsu suka zama masu mulki a kasar nan, ya yi musu illa. 

Daular Safawiyya ta sake hade Iran a matsayin kasa mai cin gashin kanta a shekara ta 1501, wacce ta sanya shi'a Islama a matsayin addinin daular,  wanda ke zama daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da suka canza a tarihin Musulunci.  Tun bayan da aka sake yin aiki a matsayin jagorar ikon duniya, a wannan karon tsakanin daular Ottoman da ke makwabtaka da ita, babbar abokiyar hamayyarta tsawon shekaru aru -aru, Iran ta kasance daular da wani sarki ke mulki kusan ba tare da tsangwama ba daga 1501 har zuwa juyin juya halin Iran na 1979, lokacin da Iran ta zama jamhuriyar Musulunci a hukumance. A ranar 1 ga watan Afrilu 1979.  

A tsawon rabin farkon karni na 19, Iran ta rasa yawancin yankunanta a cikin Caucasus, wanda ya kasance wani yanki na Iran tsawon ƙarni,  ya ƙunshi Gabashin Jojiya na zamani, Dagestan, Jamhuriyar Azerbaijan, da Armeniya, zuwa ga makwabciyarta mai fa'ida cikin sauri kuma ta kunno kai, daular Rasha, bayan yakin Rasha da Farisa tsakanin 1804-1813 da 1826-1828. 

## Pre-history

### Paleolithic

An samo kayan tarihi na farko a Iran a wuraren Kashafrud da Ganj Par waɗanda ake tunanin sun kasance tun shekaru 10,000 da suka gabata a cikin Paleolithic na Tsakiya.  Hakanan an samo kayan aikin dutse na Mousterian wanda Neanderthals ya yi.  Akwai ƙarin ragowar al'adu na Neanderthals tun daga zamanin Paleolithic na Tsakiya, waɗanda galibi an samo su a yankin Zagros kuma kaɗan a tsakiyar Iran a wurare irin su Kobeh, Kunji, Bisitun Cave, Tamtama, Warwasi, da Kogon Yafteh.  A cikin shekarar 1949, Carleton S. Coon ya gano radius Neanderthal a cikin Kogon Bisitun.  Shaidu na Upper Paleolithic da Epipaleolithic an san su galibi daga tsaunin Zagros a cikin kogon Kermanshah da Khorramabad da ƴan wurare kaɗan a cikin Alborz da tsakiyar Iran. A wannan lokacin, mutane sun fara ƙirƙirar fasahar dutse.

## Manazarta