Maria Callas

**Maria Callas** Commendatore OMRI  (an haife ta **Maria Anna Cecilia Sophia Kalogeropoulos**;  Disamba 2, 1923 - Satumba 16, 1977) ta kasance soprano ta Girka da aka haifa a Amurka [1] kuma ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun mawaƙa na opera na Karni na 20. Yawancin masu sukar sun yaba da fasahar *bel canto*, murya mai zurfi da fassarori masu ban mamaki. Ayyukanta sun fito ne daga wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya zuwa wasan kwaikwayo na Donizetti, Bellini, da Rossini, da kuma ayyukan Verdi da Puccini, kuma a farkon aikinta zuwa wasan kwaikwayo ya Wagner. Kwarewarta ta kiɗa da kuma wasan kwaikwayo ya haifar da yabo a matsayin La Divina ("The Divine One").&nbsp;

An haife ta a Manhattan kuma ta girma a Astoria, Queens, Birnin New York, ga iyayen baƙi na Girka, mahaifiyar da ke son ɗa ce ta tashe ta. Maria ta sami ilimin kiɗa a Girka tana da shekaru 13 kuma daga baya ta kafa aikinta a Italiya. An tilasta mata magance bukatun talauci na lokacin yaƙi na 1940 da kuma hangen nesa wanda ya bar ta kusan makanta a kan mataki, ta jimre da gwagwarmaya da abin kunya a lokacin aikinta. Ta sha wahala a tsakiyar aikinta, wanda zai iya taimakawa ga raguwar muryarta da kuma ƙarshen aikinta.

'Yan jarida sun yi farin ciki da yada halin da Callas ke ciki, da ake zargi da kishiyar Callas-Tebaldi, da kuma soyayyarta da mashahurin jigilar kayayyaki na Girka Aristotle Onassis. Matar Onassis, Athina "Tina" Onassis Niarchos, ta sake shi lokacin da ta gano cewa yana da alaƙa da Callas.

## Rayuwa da aiki

### Rayuwar iyali, ƙuruciya da ƙaura zuwa Girka

Sunan a kan takardar shaidar haihuwar Callas ta New York shine Sophie Cecilia Kalos,  kodayake an yi mata baftisma Maria Anna Cecilia Sophia Kalogeropoulou (Girkanci: ).  An haife ta ne a Asibitin Flower Fifth Avenue (yanzu Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Terence Cardinal Cooke) a ranar 2 ga Disamba, 1923, ga iyayen Girka Elmina Evangelia "Litsa" (née Demes, asali Dimitriadou;  1894-1982) da George Kalogeropoulos (c. 1881-1972). Mahaifin Callas ya taƙaita sunan mahaifiyar Kalogeropoulos, da farko zuwa Kalos sannan daga baya zuwa Callas don sanya shi mafi sarrafawa. Mahaifinta ya fito ne daga Neohori, wani yanki a Messenia, yayin da mahaifiyarta ta fito ne daga Stylida, Phthiotis.

George da Litsa Callas ma'aurata ne marasa jituwa tun daga farko. George mai sauƙin kai ne kuma ba shi da sha'awar fasaha, kuma Litsa tana da kuzari da buri a zamantakewa kuma ta yi mafarkin rayuwa a fannin fasaha, wanda iyayenta na matsakaicin aji suka danne a lokacin yarinta da ƙuruciyarta.[1] Mahaifin Litsa, Petros Dimitriadis (1852–1916), yana cikin rashin lafiya lokacin da Litsa ta gabatar da George ga iyalinta. Petros, wanda ba shi da aminci ga George, ya yi wa 'yarsa gargaɗi, "Ba za ki taɓa jin daɗinsa ba. Idan kin auri wannan mutumin, ba zan taɓa iya taimaka miki ba." Litsa ta yi watsi da gargaɗinsa amma ba da daɗewa ba ta fahimci cewa mahaifinta yana da gaskiya.[1] Lamarin ya ƙara ta'azzara ne saboda cin amanar George, kuma haihuwar 'yarsu Yakinthi (wanda daga baya aka kira shi "Jackie") a shekarar 1917, ko kuma haihuwar ɗansu Vassilis a shekarar 1920. Mutuwar Vassilis sakamakon cutar sankarau a lokacin bazara na shekarar 1922 ta sake haifar da wani koma-baya ga auren.

Dangantakar Callas da mahaifiyarta ta ci gaba da lalacewa a cikin shekaru a Girka, kuma a farkon aikinta ya zama batun babban sha'awar jama'a, musamman bayan labarin rufewa na 1956 a cikin Mujallar Time, wanda ya mayar da hankali kan dangantakarsu, kuma daga baya ta littafin Litsa, My Daughter Maria Callas (1960). A cikin jama'a, Callas ta tuna da dangantakar da ta yi da Litsa da kuma yarinta mara farin ciki da ta yi waka da aiki a kan nacewar mahaifiyarta, tana cewa:
Dalibi ne mai kyau. Mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, marar sauka, mai sadaukarwa ga karatunta zuciya da rai. Ci gabanta ya kasance mai ban mamaki. Ta yi karatu na sa'o'i biyar ko shida a rana. ... A cikin watanni shida, tana raira waƙoƙin da suka fi wuya a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na duniya tare da mafi kyawun kiɗa.;

## Bayanan Kula

## Manazarta