Dokar Rashin Ruwan Ruwan Ruwa ta 2014

The Transboundary Haze Pollution Act na 2014 (THPA) wata ka'ida ce ta Majalisar Dokokin Singapore da ta haramta halayya da ke haifar da gurɓataccen hazo a Singapore, da kuma samar da abubuwan da suka danganci su kamar hanawa. An tsara dokar ta musamman don ba da izini ga doka wajen shigar da kamfanoni kara kan gurbatar muhalli.

## Tarihi
Tun daga shekara ta 1972, Malaysia da Singapore sun sha wahala a lokuta masu tsanani na gurɓataccen iska saboda konewar noma a Sumatra da Kalimantan, Indonesia. Yarjejeniyar ASEAN kan gurɓataccen Haze ta Transboundary an yi niyya ne don hana irin wannan gurɓata. Koyaya, tun daga shekara ta 2006, Indonesia da Philippines ba su tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar ba. Bayan wani mummunan abin da ya faru a shekara ta 2006, masanin tattalin arziki kuma farfesa a Jami'ar Kasa ta Singapore, Ivan Png, ya rubuta jerin labaran ra'ayi a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na Malaysia da Singapore don ba da shawarar cewa a tsawaita dokokin muhalli don haramta fitar da hayaki.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
A cikin watan Agustan 2014, Majalisar Dokokin Singapore ta kafa dokar gurɓatar hazo mai iyaka. Dokar tana neman hana kamfanoni ko ƙungiyoyi a ciki ko wajen Singapore gudanar da ayyukan da ke ba da gudummawa ga hazo mai iyaka da ke shafar Singapore. Dokar ta shafi kamfanoni ne ba kasashe ba,  wanda ke gurɓata da waɗanda ke yarda da gurɓacewar wasu kamfanoni ko daidaikun mutane waɗanda suke da ikon sarrafa su. Rashin hana ko dakatar da konewa na iya sa mai laifin ya aikata wani laifi a karkashin doka, sai dai idan ba a dauki matakin kawar da wannan dabi'a ba.

Hukumar kula da muhalli ta kasa tare da kotuna ana ba su ikon samun bayanai game da rangwamensu akan buƙata ba tare da buƙatar dogaro ga hukumomin Indonesiya ba, da kuma ɗaure da / ko tarar kamfanoni ko mutanen da aka yi niyya waɗanda ke gurɓata, ko waɗanda rassansu da / ko masu siyar da su ke gurɓatar da su.

## Amfani da Dokar
An yi amfani da Dokar Contamin Haze (THPA) a hanyoyi da yawa tun lokacin da aka kafa ta a shekarar 2014:

Bayar da Sanarwa na Shari'a: A cikin 2015, Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta kasa (NEA) ta Singapore ta ba da sanarwar doka ga wasu 'yan kasuwa na Indonesiya shida da ake zargi da haddasa gobara a filayensu, wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga gurbatar hazo a Singapore. Waɗannan sanarwar aikace-aikace ne kai tsaye na THPA don ɗaukar kamfanoni da alhakin gurɓacewar ƙasa.

**Bincike da Tilasta**: A watan Maris na shekara ta 2017, NEA ta rufe bincike a cikin kamfanoni biyu, PT Bumi Sriwijaya Sentosa da PT Wachyuni Mandira, bayan sun tantance shigarsu cikin gobarar. Koyaya, bincike a cikin wasu kamfanoni huɗu sun kasance a buɗe har zuwa Satumba 2021. Wadannan kamfanoni, PT Bumi Andalas Permai, PT Bumi Mekar Hijau, PT Sebangun Bumi Andalas Woods Industries, da PT Rimba Hutani Mas, masu samar da kayan aiki ne ga Asiya Pulp da Paper.

Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafawa: Da farkon El Niño a cikin 2015, wanda ya ta'azzara gobarar gandun daji a Indonesia, THPA ta sauƙaƙe gina ƙarfin gida don magance waɗannan gobara a lardunan Indonesia kamar Jambi da Riau. Wannan ƙarfin haɓakawa ya haɗa da haɓaka ikon ganowa da magance hanyoyin gurɓatawa yadda ya kamata.

**Tasirin Tattalin Arziki**: Rashin gurɓataccen hazo a cikin 2015 ya haifar da asarar kimanin dala miliyan 700. Ministan Muhalli da Ruwa Masagos Zulkifli ya nuna wannan tasirin tattalin arziki, yana jaddada muhimmancin THPA wajen rage irin wannan asarar ta hanyar rigakafi da matakan azabtarwa.

Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a da Tsaro: Dokar ta kasance mai mahimmanci wajen magance matsalolin lafiyar jama'a da ke da alaƙa da gurɓataccen hazo. Ta hanyar kai hari ga kamfanonin da ke da alhakin gobarar gandun daji, THPA na taimakawa kare lafiya da amincin mazauna Singapore daga mummunan tasirin gurɓataccen iska.

Hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa: Tasirin THPA kuma ya dogara ne kan hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa, musamman tare da hukumomin Indonesia. Dokar ta baiwa Singapore damar neman bayanai da kuma daukar matakin shari'a kai tsaye, amma hadin gwiwa da Indonesiya na da matukar muhimmanci ga aiwatar da cikakken aiwatarwa.

Dokar Contamin Haze ta Transboundary ta 2014 ta ci gaba da kasancewa babban kayan aiki na majalisa ga Singapore wajen yaki da gurɓata hauka ta Transboundario da kuma rike bangarorin da ke da alhakin.

## Dubi kuma

* Masagos Zulkifli

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje

* Dokar Rashin Ruwan Ruwan Ruwa ta 2014