Jean-Marie Seroney

**Jean-Marie Seroney** (25 ga Yulin 1927 - 6 ga Disamba 1982) ya kasance mai ba da shawara kan haƙƙin ɗan adam na Kenya, ɗan majalisa, kuma fursuna na Amnesty International. An tsare shi a matsayin fursuna na lamiri na kwanaki 1,155.

Seroney ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokoki na Mazabar Nandi daga 1961 zuwa 1963 kuma memba na Majalisar (MP) na Nandi North daga 1963 zuwa 1966 kafin ya zama memba na sabuwar Mazabar Tinderet daga 1966 zuwa 1975. A matsayinsa na dan majalisa, ya yi aiki tuƙuru don gabatar da takardun kudi da za su cire ko aƙalla bincika ikon da aka ba shugaban kasa sakamakon gyare-gyare da yawa ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki. Ya kuma kawo lissafin memba na farko mai zaman kansa don taimakawa tabbatar da cewa zaben Kenya ya kasance kyauta, adalci, kuma ya hada kai.

Seroney ya soki abin da ya bayyana a matsayin cin zarafin iko da zartarwa ta yi kuma ya yi Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa, rarraba dukiyar kasa mara kyau, satar ƙasa daga matalauta da masu mulki suka yi, da kuma gazawar sake zama marasa ƙasa. Ya yi abokan gaba masu ƙarfi, kuma tsare shi a cikin mawuyacin hali na kurkuku na shekaru uku da rabi ya haifar da abubuwan da suka haifar da mutuwarsa.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Jean-Marie Seroney Eric Kipketer Seroney a ranar Litinin, 25 ga Yuli 1927 a Kapsabet, Gundumar Nandi ta Kenya .  Shi ne yaro na farko na malamin / mai bishara na Afirka (AIM) Reuben Seroney da Leah Jeptarus Tapmaina Seroney. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haihuwarsa, Rev. Stuart M. Bryson ya karɓi Ofishin Jakadancin Kapsabet AIM  . Bryson ya zama mai wa'azi mai rikitarwa wanda ke kalubalantar al'adun Nandi da ke da zurfi don kara yawan lambobinsa. Nan da nan ya aika Reuben Seroney don fara sabon tashar Ofishin Jakadancin da makaranta a Surungai kimanin kilomita 32 a arewacin Ofishin Jakadun Kapsabet. Reuben da Leah sun koyar a Makarantar Surungai da yamma kuma sun yi amfani da safiya suna yin wa'azi a ƙauyukan da ke kusa. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, a cikin 1929, Leah ta mutu ba zato ba tsammani daga matsalolin aiki. Shekaru biyu bayan haka Reuben ya auri Rebecca Jeptanui .

Iyalin Seroney sun zauna a Ofishin Jakadancin Surungai har zuwa 1933 lokacin da aka nemi Reuben ya koma Kapsowar a yankin Elgeyo-Marakwet don fara sabon tashar Ofishin Jakadun tare da Rev. da Mrs. R. V. Reynolds. AIM ta kuma fara asibiti a can wanda ya tsaya har zuwa yau. Reuben Seroney ya zauna a Kapsowar a matsayin mai bishara da kuma jagoran malami na makarantar na tsawon shekaru biyar. Ya ziyarci ƙauyuka da ke kusa da yankuna masu nisa da koyarwa da wa'azi. Ya kasance a lokacin daya daga cikin ziyarar da ya kai Kabartonjo a kasar Tugen cewa Reuben Seroney ya sadu da Daniel Toroitich arap Moi, daga baya ya zama Shugaban Kenya. Ya zama malamin Moi kuma mai ba da shawara kuma ya taimaka wajen sanya shi a Makarantar Gwamnatin Afirka ta Kapsabet a shekarar 1938. 

### Ilimi
Matashi Seroney ya fara makaranta a 1935 a Kapsowar tare da mahaifinsa da Mrs. Reynolds a matsayin masu koyar da shi. Bayan dawowar mahaifinsa zuwa Kapsabet a watan Mayu 1938, ya shiga Makarantar Afirka ta Gwamnati a Kapsabet (yanzu Makarantar Sakandare ta Kapsabet) daga 1938 zuwa 1940. Seroney ya wuce jarrabawar makarantar firamare kuma shi ne kawai a cikin aji da aka shigar da shi a Makarantar Sakandare ta Alliance a Kikuyu wacce a lokacin ita ce makarantar sakandare kawai ta Kenya. Ya sami tallafin karatu daga Majalisar 'yan asalin gida (LNC) a Kapsabet wanda ya biya shi Sh da ake bukata. Kudin shekara-shekara 200. Seroney ya zauna a Alliance daga 1941 zuwa 1944, inda ya yi karatu a karkashin Edward Carey Francis . 

Ya zauna don Takardar shaidar Makarantar Cambridge kuma ya sami Sashe na 1, wanda ke nufin zai iya ci gaba zuwa Makerere don karatun sakandare. Ya shiga Kwalejin Makerere a Kampala, Uganda a 1945 yana karatun digiri na biyu a fannin fasaha. A Makerere, ya lashe babbar lambar yabo ta Binciken Fasaha. Shi ne shugaban kafa kungiyar siyasa kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kungiyar Dramatic Society a shekararsa ta ƙarshe. Bayan ya yi kyau a Makerere, ya sami tallafin Gwamnatin Indiya don karatu a babbar Jami'ar Allahabad a jihar Uttar Pradesh, Indiya. Ya fara karatunsa a can a watan Satumbar 1947 a Kwalejin Jami'ar William Holland, kwalejin da ke Jami'ar Allahabad . Ya kammala digiri na BA a 1949 inda ya sami lambar yabo ta biyu, Upper Division . Ya fara karatu don LL.Digiri na B a wannan jami'a kuma ya kammala shi a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1951 kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta farko. Ya zama dan Kenya na farko da ya sami digiri na shari'a.

### Addini
A cikin 1938, Reuben Seroney yana da mummunar rashin fahimta tare da mai wa'azi a ƙasashen waje Stuart M. Bryson da wanda ya maye gurbinsa Reginald V. Reynolds . Bryson na ɗaya daga cikin manyan mishaneri na AIM ga Mutanen Nandi (ƙabilar Kalenjin) kuma ya taimaka wajen fassara Littafi Mai-Tsarki zuwa yaren Nandi tare da Rev. Samuel Gimnyigei). Reuben Seroney bai yarda da su ba game da al'adun al'adun Nandi waɗanda cocin AIM ya ci gaba da adawa da ƙarfi da kuma gazawar kungiyar ta ba shi ikon fastoci.[1] Ya bar AIM kuma ya shiga Cocin Anglican na asali (daga baya ya canza sunansa zuwa Cocin Anglica na Afirka). Ƙungiyar Mishan ta Ikilisiya (CMS) ce ta kafa ta kuma ita ce mai gabatarwa na Ikilisiyar Anglican ta Kenya a yau. Reuben Seroney ya koma jim kadan bayan dawowarsa daga Kapsowar a 1939.

Reuben Seroney ya sami lasisi don zama mai bishara / malami ta Majalisar Ikilisiyar Afirka ta 'Cocin Anglican' a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba 1942.  Ya tashi ya zama Vicar na farko na Nandi a 1950 amma ya mutu a hatsarin hanya a ranar 12 ga Afrilu 1954. Matarsa Rebecca da 'ya'yansu goma sha biyu ne suka mutu, Jean-Marie, Grace, David, Walter, Graham, Richard, Jean, Agnes, Christine, Tom, Eunice, da Levi.

#### Zama Katolika
Eric Seroney mai ƙuruciya an yi masa baftisma a matsayin Anglican a shekarar 1944, amma ya samu sabani da mahaifinsa dangane da addini lokacin da yake karatu a Makerere College a shekarar 1946, inda ya zama Katolika na Romawa. Daga canjin da ya yi zuwa addinin Katolika ne ya sauya sunansa zuwa John Marie Therese saboda ƙaunarsa ga St. Marie Therese na Liseux. Daga baya ya ƙara salon Faransanci ga sunan nasa kuma ya haɗa shi da tsari: Jean-Marie Seroney, inda ya bar amfani da 'Therese' a zahiri. Har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarsa ya ci gaba da zama Katolika mai aiki tare da sadaukarwa ga St. Therese, har ma ya zaɓi ya kasance celibate. Shawarar da ya ɗauka na zama Katolika bai yiwa mahaifinsa Reuben daɗi ba, wanda ya tuhumar Fr. Joseph Kuhn na Mishan Katolika na Chepterit kan yin baftismar dansa a shekarar 1947.

## Ayyukan siyasa
Yayin da yake a Indiya, Jean-Marie Seroney ya ci gaba da matsin lamba akan gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta hanyoyi daban-daban, har ya wallafa wani labari a cikin mujallar Indian Review na watan Janairu 1950 mai taken 'Barazanar Fascism na Afirka ta Kudu ga Gabashin Afirka.' Ya dawo Kenya a 1951, daidai lokacin da ake tsaka da gwagwarmayar neman 'yancin kai kafin a ayyana Mau Mau Emergency. Ya gabatar da jawabai a tarukan jama'a a unguwannin 'yan Afirka a Nairobi kuma sau ɗaya ya raka Jomo Kenyatta a wata ziyara zuwa yankin Rift Valley.

Gwamnatin mulkin mallaka a Kenya ta ji dadin irin ayyukan siyasa da yake yi don haka aka ga dacewar tura shi zuwa Ingila don ci gaba da karatu. A watan Fabrairun 1952, gwamnatin ta ba shi aron kuɗi, kuma a watan Yulin 1952 aka amince da shi a Jami'ar South-West na Ingila a Exeter (wacce yanzu ake kira University of Exeter) inda zai karanta digirin shari'a na tsaka-tsaki daga University of London tare da horo na zama lauya a Inner Temple, London. Kafin ya tafi Exeter, ya halarci taron Duniya na Moral Re-Armament a Caux, Switzerland a watan Agustan 1952, inda ya yi kira da a samar da sabon hanya wajen magance matsalar mulkin mallaka.

Bayan wasu sabani da hukumomin jami'a a Exeter dangane da yin karatu kan abu da ya riga ya yi a Indiya, ya yanke shawarar kai tsaye zuwa horon zama lauya maimakon kammala digirin LL.B. Bayan shawo kan wasu kalubale daga gwamnati a Ingila da Kenya, a ƙarshe ya rubuta jarabawar ƙarshe ta lauya a watan Disamban 1955, kuma a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu 1956, aka karɓe shi a matsayin lauya a gaban Honorable Society of the Inner Temple. Ya kafa tarihi a matsayin ɗan Kenya na uku da ya zama lauya bayan Chiedo More Gem Argwings-Kodhek da Charles Njonjo, kuma na farko da ke da digiri na shari'a. Ya dawo Kenya cikin cancanta don yin aiki a matsayin lauya a gaban kotunan Her Majesty.

### Aiki da shiga siyasa
Bayan dawowarsa Kenya a 1956, an naɗa Seroney a matsayin mataimakin lauya a ofishin Registrar-General a ranar 21 ga Yunin 1956. A watan Disamban 1957, an ɗaga darajarsa zuwa matsayin babban mai shigar da kara da ke kula da laifukan da suka shafi kasawa a biyan bashi ta hanyar sanarwa a Kenya Gazette mai lamba 4067 da aka fitar a ranar 3 Disamba 1957.

A ranar 25 ga Satumba 1958, ya nemi a karɓe shi a matsayin memba na Law Society of Kenya wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1948. Seroney ya kafa tarihi a matsayin ɗan Kenya baƙaƙe na biyu da ya kware a fannin shari'a bayan Chiedo More Gem Argwings-Kodhek. A lokacin aikace-aikacen nasa a 1958, Hon. Justice Chanan Singh ne shugaban Law Society of Kenya. Bayan an karɓe shi a matsayin lauya a Kenya, ya yi murabus daga aikin gwamnati kuma ya buɗe ofishin kansa.

Seroney ya ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukan siyasa a boye yayin lokacin dokar ta-baci a Kenya, inda ya yi hulɗa da 'yan siyasa da dama irin su Tom Mboya, Oginga Odinga, Dr. Julius Kiano da sauransu. Har ya shiga shirin Airlift na Mboya kuma ana cewa ya taimaka wa matasan Nandi su tafi Amurka don samun ilimi. Ya shiga ƙungiyar kwadago kuma ya zama sakatare-janar na Kenya African Civil Servants Union. Ya bayar da shawarwari na shari'a da kuma tallafa wa gwagwarmayar neman 'yancin kai ta hanyoyi daban-daban.

A shekarar 1959 ne Seroney ya fara shiga siyasa sosai, lokacin da ya kira a kafa jam’iyyar siyasa da za ta tsaya wa 'yan Afirka. A shekara ta gaba ya bayyana niyyarsa ta tsayawa takarar kujerar Nandi a majalisar dokoki (LegCo) a ranar Lahadi 27 ga Nuwamba 1960. A watan Fabrairu 1961, yana da shekaru 33, aka zaɓe shi a matsayin wakilin Nandi a majalisar dokoki, inda ya doke abokin takararsa kaɗai Shadrack Kimalel. An naɗa Seroney a matsayin Sakataren Majalisar a Ma’aikatar Tsaro.

A ranar 13 ga Fabrairu 1962, ya shiga tawagar Kenya zuwa taron Lancaster House da kuma tattaunawar ƙarshe ta samun 'yancin kai a watan Satumban 1963. A 1963 aka zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗan majalisa na Nandi North a ƙarƙashin jam’iyyar Kenya African Democratic Union sannan ya shiga majalisar jiha da ke zaune a Nakuru. Sai dai daga baya ya sauya sheƙa zuwa jam’iyyar Kenya African National Union tare da Taita araap Towett daga Bureti da William Murgor daga Elgeyo a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba 1963. Wannan ya fusata abokinsa da ya zama abokin adawa Daniel arap Moi wanda ya rage a KADU. A ranar 27 ga Nuwamba 1963, ya gayyaci Firaminista Jomo Kenyatta don gabatar da jawabi a taron jama’a a Kapsabet da Eldoret.

An sake zaɓen sa a matsayin ɗan majalisa na Tinderet a 1966 har zuwa zaɓen 1969. A zaɓen gama-gari na 1969, ya doke abokin hamayyarsa Francis K. Ruto da kuri’u 9,006 a kan 1,699 domin ci gaba da riƙe kujerar Tinderet.

### Sanarwar Nandi Hills
Seroney ya shiga matsala a watan Satumban 1969 lokacin da ya gabatar da takardar "Nandi Hills Declaration", da abokinsa Joseph K. Mitei daga Koilot, Ol'Lessos na Nandi District ya rubuta a ranar 27 Yuli 1969. Mitei shi ne Sakataren Shirye-shirye na jam’iyyar KANU reshen Nandi. Takardar ta ƙalubalanci sayar da ƙasashen Nandi ga waɗanda ba Kalenjin ba da gwamnatin Kenyatta ke yi, da kuma nuna rashin amincewa da cin zarafin ‘yan sanda da rashin adalci a tsarin shari’a a Nandi.

An ɗauki takardar a matsayin mai tayar da zaune tsaye kuma aka kama Seroney a ranar Asabar 20 Satumba 1969 a Eldoret tare da Mitei. A ranar Talata 23 Satumba aka gurfanar da su a gaban kotu a Nakuru bisa zargin tayar da zaune tsaye. Lauyan da ya jagoranci kare su shi ne P.J. Wilkinson QC, tsohon Attorney General na Uganda tare da taimakon Sibi-Okumu. An same su da laifi aka ci su tarar KShs. 6,000 kowanne daga cikinsu.
### Saurayi da Moi
A wannan lokacin Seroney bai shahara a wurin manyan gwamnati ba musamman Daniel Moi wanda a lokacin ya zama mataimakin shugaban ƙasa saboda yana ƙoƙarin hana Moi zama jagoran Kalenjin kaɗai. Duk da haka Seroney ya fi shahara a tsakanin al’umma fiye da Moi, koda yake Moi ne mataimakin shugaban ƙasa. Kalenjin da dama suna ganin Moi bai kare su ba lokacin da gwamnati ke kwace ƙasashensu. Sanya Moi a matsayin mataimakin shugaban ƙasa an ɗauka a matsayin hanyar kwantar da hankalin Kalenjin. Sabani tsakanin su ya ƙara tsananta lokacin da Seroney ya kafa cibiyar Samoei Institute for Technology and Education a Nandi Hills. Amma Moi ya yi amfani da karfin gwamnati don rage cibiyar zuwa makarantar sakandare ta 'Harambee'. Ya hana shi lasisin gudanarwa da tara kuɗi don ci gaban cibiyar. Duk da shigar da ƙorafi a majalisa da jaridu, Moi ne ya fi karfi a ƙarshe.

Wasu ‘yan siyasa daga yankin Rift Valley sun haɗa kai don hana Seroney samun nasara a zaɓen 1974 da aka gudanar a ranar 14 Oktoba. Mafi shahara daga cikinsu shi ne Councillor Ezekiel Barngetuny wanda ya kasance kusa da Moi. Duk da hakan Seroney ya ci gaba da rike kujerarsa. Paul Kiplimo Boit ya shiga tsakanin su domin sasanta su, suka gana da juna a ranar 17 Nuwamba 1974 a Kabarak.

Amma zaman lafiyar bai daɗe ba, suka koma sabani da juna.

### Mataimakin Kakakin Majalisa
Bayan nasararsa a zaɓe, Seroney ya nemi zama Mataimakin Kakakin Majalisar Dokoki. Duk da adawa mai ƙarfi daga Shugaba Jomo Kenyatta wanda har ya dakatar da zaman majalisa na wata uku domin hana Seroney samun nasara, a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu 1975 aka zaɓe shi.

Abubuwa sun ƙara tsananta bayan kisan gilla ga ɗan majalisar Nyandarua North Josiah Mwangi Kariuki a watan Maris 1975. Seroney ya kasance a kwamitin da aka kafa don bincikar lamarin kuma shi ne sakataren kwamitin. Ya rubuta rahoton da ya zargi gwamnati da hannu a kisan da kuma kokarin ɓoye gaskiya.

## Tsarewa ba tare da shari'a ba
A ranar 9 ga Oktoba 1975, Jean-Marie Seroney ya sake shiga matsala lokacin da yake Mataimakin Kakakin Majalisar Dokoki, inda ya ƙi umartar Martin Shikuku ɗan majalisar Butere ya tabbatar da kalamansa da ke cewa "Kanu ta mutu". Ya mayar da martani ga Kihika Kimani wanda ya nemi a tabbatar da kalaman Shikuku da cewa "me yasa a tabbatar da abin da yake a fili...". Wannan maganar ce ta kai ga tsare shi a ranar 15 ga Oktoba 1975 a ofishinsa da ke Majalisa da misalin ƙarfe 7:15 na yamma.

Tun kafin wannan lokacin a ranar, ya tayar da muhawara mai zafi a Majalisa lokacin da ya nemi shawarar Shugaban Majalisa kan batun tsaro bayan samun labari cewa 'yan sanda na jiran su shi da Shikuku. Ya jagoranci zaman yamma har zuwa ƙarfe 6:30 na yamma kuma aka kama shi yayin da yake barin ofishinsa. An kai shi gidan yari na Manyani inda ya shafe shekaru uku a tsare ba tare da shari'a ba, kuma hakan ya sa ya rasa kujerar majalisa.

Bayan ɗan lokaci, ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam irin su Amnesty International da Inter-Parliamentary Union suka shiga lamarin Seroney tare da gwamnatin Kenya.

Seroney bai taɓa yin magana kan lokacin da ya yi a gidan yari ba. Duk da haka, waɗanda suka ziyarta shi sun ce ya ɗauki lamarin da jimiri. Ya fuskanci matsananciyar damuwa saboda ya saba da taba sigari amma daga baya ya daidaita. Ya damu da iyalinsa yayin da yake a tsare, amma kuɗinsa sun shiga mawuyacin hali. Gonakinsa ba su yin kyau kuma bai iya biyan kuɗin makaranta ko haya ba. Ya zauna a unguwar South 'B' a gidajen gwamnatin birnin Nairobi.

An saki Seroney daga tsarewa ta hanyar gafarar shugaban ƙasa a ranar 12 ga Disamba 1978. An sako shi tare da wasu fursunoni 25 da yawancinsu fursunonin ra'ayi ne. Daga cikinsu akwai Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, Koigi wa Wamwere, George Anyona, Martin Shikuku, Wasonga Sijeyo da sauransu. Seroney ya kwashe kwanaki 1,155 (shekara uku, wata biyu) a tsare ba tare da shari'a ba, wanda hakan ya sanya shi ɗaya daga cikin fursunonin ra’ayi mafi tsawo a tarihin Kenya.

## Zaɓen 1979
A watan Janairu 1979, makonni uku bayan an sake shi daga tsare, an gayyace shi tare da tawaga daga mazaɓarsa ta Tinderet zuwa gidan Moi da ke Kabarak a ranar 1 ga Janairu 1979 don fara sabuwar shekara da sabbin abubuwa. A yayin ganawar, Shugaba Moi ya yaba da Seroney a matsayin jagora nagari tare da rage muhimmancin sabaninsu, ya kuma yi alkawarin aiki tare da shi. An ruwaito ya ce da ace akwai 'yan kadan kamar Seroney, da kasar nan ta bambanta kwarai.

Makonni guda bayan haka, wata tawaga ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ezekiel Barng'etuny ta sake zuwa Kabarak, inda suka kawo wani matashi ma’aikacin Kenya Breweries mai suna Henry Kiprono Kosgey. An gabatar da shi a gaban jama’ar mazaɓar Tinderet a Kabarak a matsayin dan takarar zaɓen 1979. Kokarin Ezekiel Barngetuny da ya gabatar da Samuel Ngeny don kayar da Simeon Kiptum Choge da Stanley Metto don cire Robert Tanui a Mosop ta hanyar taken da ya shahara da shi "Kibunguok Somok" wato "Makullan Uku" ya haifar da cikas. Alamar zaɓe na Kosgey, Ngeny da Metto ita ce Makulli, domin su zargi Seroney da "rufe" ci gaban Nandi. Barngetuny da abokansa ne suka haddasa faduwar Seroney a zaɓen 8 ga Nuwamba 1979. Dukkan "makullansu" uku sun ci zaɓe, duk da cewa an samu magudi, tashin hankali da rashin gaskiya.

Seroney ya amince da shan kayen, ya ce zai yi aiki tare da sabon ɗan majalisa, tare da yin nuni da "mugayen magudi a lokacin yaƙin neman zaɓe da kuma ranar zaɓe..."

### Tashin hankali akan Seroney
Seroney ya sha cin zarafi, an yi masa duka har da hana shi lasisin gudanar da tarurrukan jama'a. Idan ma ya samu, ana tarwatsa taron. Ya bayyana karara cewa akwai wani wanda ba ya so ya dawo majalisa. A cewar Peter Sang, ɗan kasuwa daga Eldoret kuma magoyin bayan Seroney, akwai wata manufa ta hana Seroney nasara tun daga farko. Ya ba da labarin abin da H. K. Burrows, mai gonar shayin Ogirgir ya faɗa masa, cewa ya samu wani taron matasa da suka cafke Seroney, suka ci zarafinsa, suka yi masa gwal gwal da tuka tuka da ƙazanta, suna ba shi dariya a bainar jama’a yayin yaƙin neman zaɓe.

Burrows ya shiga tsakani har aka saki Seroney daga hannun matasan. Magoyin bayan Seroney mai suna John Rugut, wanda abokin aiki ne da Peter Sang a gonar Kibwari, ya shaida abin da ya faru. Rugut ya ce ya iske Seroney cikin ƙunci a wurin, ya kwantar masa da hankali sannan ya shiga mota da shi tare da Burrows don su gudu zuwa wani wuri na tsaro. Idan ba su yi hakan ba, da Seroney na iya rasa ransa. Ya bayyana sarai cewa ƙoƙarin sake komawa majalisa ya gaza. Ya fadi da ratar kuri’u da ba a iya gaskatawa. A ranar 16 ga Nuwamba 1979, ya fitar da sanarwar manema labarai yana cewa zai yi aiki da sabon ɗan majalisa tare da bayyana biyayyarsa ga Shugaba Moi.

## Zuba Jari da Talauci
A shekarar 1975, Seroney ya sayi kadada 1,546 na tsohuwar gonar Kapkures Sisal a mazabarsa ta Tinderet. Ya sake masa suna zuwa 'Gonar Kibois' wadda daga baya aka mallaka ta ta Kamfanin Kaprotuk Estates Ltd inda yake da mafi rinjayen hannun jari. Ya karɓi rancen KSh 1,035,000 daga Bankin Standard Chartered da Bankin Ƙasa na Kenya domin ɗaukar nauyin sayen gonar.

A ranar 15 ga Mayu 1980, ya tara bashin KShs. 1,545,012.15 (daidaitacce zuwa shekarar 2018 kimanin KShs. biliyan 1, ko US$10 miliyan). Aikin noma nasa ya tabarbare matuƙa kuma Seroney ya kasa biya bashin nasa mai yawa. Har ya kusan rasa gonar tasa kuma ya nemi taimakon gwamnati don akalla a gafarta masa ribar da ta taru yayin da yake tsare ba tare da an tuhume shi da wata laifi ba. Kiran taimakonsa bai sami sauraro ba, abin da ya sa ya fada cikin matsanancin damuwa har ya zama mashayin giya.

A shekarar 1980, a matsayin alamar goyon baya, Moi ya naɗa Seroney a matsayin Shugaban Bankin Raya Masana’antu na Kenya (IDB) wanda ba ya da albashi kuma yana matsayin shugaba na al’ada kawai. Ya yi aiki tare da Dr. Julius Gikonyo Kiano abokinsa na dogon lokaci kuma tsohon ɗan Majalisa da Ministan Majalisar Ministoci. Ministan Masana’antu wanda IDB ke ƙarƙashinsa shi ne Andrew Omanga. Ofishin Seroney na hedikwatar IDB a kan Harambee Avenue, Nairobi inda har yanzu ofisoshin suke. Ko da yake nadin bai ba shi wani amfani mai mahimmanci ba ta fuskar kuɗi, ya ba shi damar shiga sahun masu daraja a lokacin kafin rasuwarsa a lokacin yana kan wannan mukami bayan shekara biyu. Damuwar kuɗi da tsoron gazawa sun sa ya fada cikin matsanancin damuwa, inda ya bar harkar jama’a sai dai fitowarsa kaɗan da ke cikin Jaridu dangane da al’amuran hukuma.

## Mutuwa da ce-ce-ku-ce
A ranar Talata, 30 ga Nuwamba 1982, Seroney ya shiga MP Shah Hospital a Nairobi yana korafin radadi a kirjinsa. Ya kasance ba shi da lafiya na wasu kwanaki, yana kauce wa zuwa asibiti. Sakatarensa ya kira likita wanda ya kai shi daga gidansa dake Mariakani (South B), Nairobi zuwa asibitin. Ya kwashe kwanaki 5 a dakin jinya gaba daya kuma an shirya sallamar sa a ranar Jumma'a. Amma sai lafiyarsa ta yi tsananin tabarbarewa bayan wasu da ke adawa da shi sun ziyarce shi. An kai shi dakin kula na musamman (ICU) a ranar Asabar, inda aka ci gaba da duba lafiyarsa bayan ta kara tsananta. A ranar Litinin, 6 ga Disamba da misalin karfe 6:45 na safe, Hon. Jean-Marie Seroney ya rasu. Likitansa, Dr. Nalini P. Mandevia, ya ce ya mutu ne sanadiyyar “kasa aikin hanta, cutar jaundice da kuma rashin jini”

Tambayoyi suka taso nan take game da mutuwarsa kuma mutane da dama ba su yarda da bayanin da aka bayar ba. Abin mamaki, ba a gudanar da binciken gawa ba.

Shugaba Moi ya aike da sakon ta'aziyya ga iyalansa yana cewa ya samu labarin rasuwarsa da “baƙin ciki mai zurfi.” Ya mutu kwana 6 kafin cika shekara 4 da aka sake shi daga kurkuku. An yi jana'izarsa a ranar 13 ga Disamba 1982 a cikin wani biki da Shugaba Moi da dubban abokansa da al'ummar mazabarsa suka halarta a kauyen Ko'lelach, kauyen Senetwo, Meteitei, Tinderet. Wannan ranar ce ta cika shekara 4 da aka sake shi. Duk da haka, gonar da aka binne shi daga baya banki ya sayar da ita don karɓar bashin shekarar 1975. Gidansa na baya yanzu makaranta ne kuma kabarinsa yana cikin filin wasan makarantar.

### Gado
Seroney gwarzon ‘yancin Kenya ne wanda ya himmatu sosai tun daga shekarar 1950. Bayan dawowarsa daga India a 1951, ya shiga Kenya Africa Union (KAU) kuma ya yada shi ta hanyar zagayen Rift Valley tare da Jomo Kenyatta kafin a tsare Kenyatta a shekara ta gaba. Tare da abokantakarsa da Tom Mboya, ya taimaka wurin shirya tura dalibai zuwa jami’o’in Amurka tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1950. Haka kuma, ya bayar da shawara ta fuskar doka ga Tom Mboya a lokacin kafin ‘yancin kai sannan ya taimaka wa wadanda suka gamu da matsaloli a lokacin Mau Mau su samu agajin doka.

A matsayin mamba na Majalisar Dokoki da kuma Majalisar Kasa, ya yi aiki tukuru wurin soke dokokin mulkin mallaka masu danniya irin su Chief's Authority Act, Public Order Act, Laibon Removal Ordinance, Trespass Act da sauransu.

Seroney ya kasance mai fafutuka wajen tabbatar da adalci, bin doka, da dimokuradiyya tun farkon shekarun ‘yancin Kenya. Ra’ayinsa na raba iko (Devolution) wanda ya ci gaba da dagewa da shi a shekarun 1960s da 1970s yanzu ya zama wani bangare na kundin tsarin mulkin Kenya (2010). A 1969, Seroney ya nemi a saki Oginga Odinga daga tsare bayan tashin hankali a Kisumu. Ya bukaci gwamnati ta wanke Odinga da ‘yan jam’iyyarsa kafin zabe sannan a daina tsare mutane ba tare da gurfanar da su ba. Ya bijirewa kokarin mayar da Kenya kasan jam’iyya daya, yana goyon bayan dimokuradiyya da yarda da ra’ayin wasu da kuma hadin kan kasa. Ya tsaya tsayin daka wurin kare ‘yancin jaridu inda ya yi kira da a samu “jarida mai ‘yanci, gaskiya da tsoron Allah” a Kenya. Wannan bayanin har kwanan nan ake amfani da shi a jaridar 'People Daily' a matsayin taken jaridarsu.

Seroney shi ne mutum na farko da ya kirkiri da kansa dokar gyara matsalolin zaben Kenya. Bayan rashin goyon baya, lauya Janar Charles Njonjo ya karbi dokar ya sauya ta domin ta zama mai laushi sannan ya sanya mata taken dokar gwamnati. A karshe kuma aka yar da ita, wanda ya janyo matsaloli masu tsanani da har yanzu ke damun tsarin zaben Kenya. Seroney ya yi gagarumar yaki da cin hanci da rashawa a gwamnatocin Kenyatta da Moi, kuma ya taimaka wa Martin Shikuku wajen samar da dokar yaki da rashawa. Kamar yadda dokarsa ta zaben baya ta kasa, dokar Shikuku ma bata samu nasara ba. A matsayin daya daga cikin ayyukansa na karshe a matsayin Mataimakin Kakakin Majalisa, Seroney ya kafa wani kwamiti na majalisa domin duba ikon da fa’idar ‘yan majalisa. Burinsa shi ne ya mayar da majalisa cikakken bangare mai zaman kansa na gwamnati kuma ‘yan majalisa su zama bayin al’umma masu zaman kansu. Wannan ma ya kare da cafkarsa a shekarar 1975.

Seroney ya kaddamar da ayyukan ci gaba a mazabarsa ta Tinderet, ciki har da Samoei Institute of Technical Education (SITE), wanda duk da cewa Moi ya mayar da shi makarantar sakandare, yanzu an daukaka shi zuwa matakin da za a kafa Koitalel Samoei University College, wani bangare na University of Nairobi.

## Tarihin Seroney
Wani littafi na tarihin rayuwa mai suna *Just for Today: The Life and Times of Jean-Marie Seroney* wanda Godfrey K. Sang ya rubuta, an ƙaddamar da shi a Jesus College, Oxford a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba 2015 ta tsohon Firayim Minista Rt. Hon. Raila Amolo Odinga. Littafin da farko kamfanin Dolman Scott ne ya buga shi, kafin a sake bugawa ta Gapman Publications a shekarar 2018, kuma yanzu yana kan bugun na biyu. Littafin yana dauke da gabatarwa daga tsohon Jakadan Birtaniya zuwa Kenya Sir Edward Clay da abokan ɗaurin Seroney wato Koigi wa Wamwere da Ngugi wa Thiong'o, har da wanda aka tsare daga baya, Raila Odinga. Abokin tsarensa Martin Shikuku ya samu hira sosai daga marubucin.

A ranar 13 ga Afrilu 2023, Sanatan Kakamega County Boni Khalwale ya ambaci littafin a zauren Majalisar Dokoki ta Kenya yayin da yake bayar da gudunmawa a cikin wani motsi na girmama jaruman Kenya. Ya bayyana littafin da cewa 'kyakkyawan littafi..'

## Manazarta