open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Helen Cordero

**Helen Cordero** (15 ga Yuni, 1915 - 24 ga Yuli, 1994) ta kasance mai tukwane a Cochiti Pueblo daga Cochiti, New Mexico . Ta shahara da zane-zanen tukwane masu ba da labari, wani  da ta ƙirƙiro,  bisa tsarin "uwa mai waƙa" na gargajiya. 

## Aikin farko
Ta fara koyon ƙirƙirar kayan fata, sannan a shekarun 1950 ta fara ƙirƙirar tsuntsayen tukwane da dabbobin da mijinta ya zana.  An ce goggon Helen ta ba da shawarar yumbu a matsayin matsakaici maimakon fata mai tsada. Ta kuma ba da shawarar siffofi bayan ƙoƙarin farko na Helen a kwano da tuluna ya yi ba daidai ba. 

## Salo da kayan aiki
Cordero "ta bi salon rayuwa na gargajiya, ciki har da tono yumɓunta da kuma shirya launukanta".  Ta yi amfani da nau'ikan yumɓu guda uku, duk an samo su kusa da Cochiti Pueblo, da kayan yumɓu da tsire-tsire don fenti.  Bayan lokaci, ƙarewar Helen ta ƙara kyau, kuma ta yi 'ya'yanta daban maimakon babban yanki na yumɓu wanda ya ba ta damar canza wurin da suke a kusa da mai ba da labari. Yayin da aikin Helen ke ci gaba, a ƙarshe ta ƙirƙiri fuskar alamar kasuwanci wacce aka san 'yan tsananta da ita yanzu.  Cordero tana da alaƙa ta musamman da aikinta, "Su ƙananan mutanena ne. Ina magana da su kuma suna waƙa."  Wannan yana nuna imanin Pueblo cewa yumɓu abu ne mai rai, kuma cewa siffofi kamar halittu ne masu rai.

## Fitattun masu ba da labari
Matan Cochiti masu tukwane sun yi zane-zane na mata masu yara da aka sani da "Uwar Waƙa" ko Madonna, Cordero ta canza wannan siffar zuwa ƙirarta ta mai ba da labari a 1964. [1] A cewar wani labari, mai tsara kuma mai tattarawa na Anglo Alexander Girard ya ba ta umarni ta ƙirƙiri mai ba da labari na farko. [2] Duk da haka, a cikin wani labarin 1981, Cordero ta ce ta ƙirƙiri mai ba da labari na farko da kanta a 1964. "Na ƙirƙiri ƙarin masu ba da labari na tare da yara da yawa suna hawa kan sa don su saurara, sannan na kai su zuwa Ranar Bikin Santo Domingo" inda Alexander Girard ya saya su. [3]

## Manazarta
Vera Chino

**Vera Chino Ely** (an haife ta a ranar 27 ga Yuni, 1943) matukin tukwane ne ɗan asalin Amurka daga Acoma Pueblo, New Mexico . Ita ce ƙaramar 'yar Marie Z. Chino, wacce ita ma matukin tukwane ce. Vera ta koya daga mahaifiyarta. 

A ƙarshen shekarun 1970, ta yi aiki tare da mahaifiyarta tana yin zane mai kyau a kan wasu tukwanenta. A shekarar 1979, ta halarci baje kolin "One Space: Three Visions" a Gidan Tarihi na Albuquerque . Ana iya ganin tarin ayyukanta a Gidan Tarihi na Peabody na Kimiyyar Kayan Tarihi da Ilimin Halittu a Jami'ar Harvard da ke Cambridge, Massachusetts . [1]

'Yan'uwan Vera, Carrie Charlie (an haife ta a 1925), Rose Garcia (an haife ta a 1928), da Grace Chino (  ), duk sun lashe kyaututtuka  Masu tukwane na Acoma. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Manazarta
Anwar Dangar

**Anwar Dangar** kwamandan ne daga Shakar-Darrah (Shakar Dara), wanda ke da nisan kilomita 25 a arewacin Kabul, kuma ya kasance abokin tarayya na Jamiat-e-Islami na Burhanuddin Rabbani .  An ruwaito cewa yana da hannu a cikin shirin Afshar Operation wanda ya haifar da mutuwar daruruwan fararen hula kuma an ce ya jagoranci sojoji kai tsaye cikin yakin.

As a Pashtu speaker it was reported on 17 October 1996 that he joined, along with his forces, the Taliban. However within a few days he deserted and on Massoud's orders recaptured Shakar-Darrah. A report in August 1997 claims that the Taliban "primarily" blamed their military "setbacks" north of Kabul on the betrayal of Dangar, who they claimed had let Massoud fighters into Charikar, and other commanders.

An ruwaito cewa a ranar 5 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2001 'yan bindiga da ba a san su ba sun ji masa rauni.

Bayan nasarar Taliban, Dangar ya shiga Taliban kuma ya zauna a can bayan faduwarsu a shekara ta 2001. An lissafa shi a matsayin daya daga cikin kwamandojin Taliban 12 da aka fi nema. An ruwaito cewa yana cikin birnin Peshawar na Pakistan, yana ƙoƙarin tattara kwamandojin da suka tsere. A cewar wani rahoto yana kula da Taliban a larduna uku na tsakiya na Parwan, Kapisa, Wardak, da Kabul inda yake da goyon baya mai yawa.

An ruwaito cewa an kashe Anwar a Pakistan a shekara ta 2004. 

## Manazarta
Rachel Concho

**Rachel Concho** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1936) 'yar asalin Amurka ce kuma mai tukwane a Acoma Pueblo . An fi saninta da tukwanen iri da aka fenti: ƙananan tukwane masu zagaye, kusan a rufe sai ƙaramin rami a sama, waɗanda ake amfani da su don adana iri daga girbi ɗaya don shuka a na gaba. Ta sami wahayi daga tsoffin zane-zane na Acoma Pueblo, gami da tarkace da ke da alaƙa da al'adun Mimbres, waɗanda suka bunƙasa a yankin da ake kira New Mexico da Arizona a yanzu daga kusan 200 CE zuwa yaƙin Sipaniya na ƙarni na sha shida.   Concho ta lashe kyaututtuka da yawa saboda aikinta, gami da "Mafi Kyawun Nunin" a Kasuwar Indiya ta Santa Fe ta 2000. Tukwanen iri nata sun shiga cikin tarin gidajen tarihi na dindindin, gami da Cibiyar Smithsonian . 

## Iyali, aiki, da kuma yabo
Iyalan Rachel Concho suna cikin Ƙungiyar Roadrunner ta Acoma Pueblo. Mahaifiyarta, Santana Cerno, ta koya mata fasahar tukwane. Ɗan'uwanta, Joseph Cerno, da surukarta, Carolyn Lewis-Concho, suma masu fasaha ne. [1]

Duk da cewa yawancin zane-zanen Concho suna bin tsarin gargajiya, ta kuma ƙirƙiri zane-zane waɗanda ba sa cikin al'adar Acoma, ciki har da wanda aka gina bisa gizo-gizo. 

A cikin littafin *Southwestern Pottery: Anasazi zuwa Zuni*, Allan Hayes da John Blom sun haɗa da Rachel Concho a cikin "taurari da taurari" na masanan yumbu na ƙarshen ƙarni na ashirin na Acoma, kuma sun nuna tulunan iri a matsayin misalan aikin "mambobin ƙungiyar fitattu" na wannan al'umma mai fasaha. 

## Tarin abubuwa
Ayyukanta sun shiga cikin tarin gidajen tarihi na dindindin da dama. Waɗannan sun haɗa da Gidan Tarihi na Smithsonian na Ƙasa na American Indian, da ke Washington, DC ;  Grice Collection of Native American Art of the Mint Museum da ke Charlotte, North Carolina ;  da Gidan Tarihi na Krannert Art na Jami'ar Illinois da ke Urbana-Champaign . 

## Manazarta
Yusufu Bae

**Joseph ta tayi snatchin din zuciya ta ta da cewa budurwa ta tayi snatchin din zuciya ta ta da cewa budurwa ta tayi snatchin din zuciya ta ta da cewa budurwa ta tayi snatchin din zuciya ta ta da cewa budurwa ta tayi snatchin din zuciya ta ta da cewa 123 Yong Bum Bae** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1973) ɗan kasuwa ne mai kuɗi ɗan Amurka wanda shine babban jami'in gudanarwa na KKR &amp;amp; Co. Inc, tare da Scott Nuttall.   Sun karɓi ragamar shugabancin a matsayin manyan jami'ai a kaka ta shekarar 2021 daga waɗanda suka kafa KKR, Henry Kravis da George Roberts .

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Bae a shekarar 1973 a Koriya ta Kudu,  kafin iyalansa su koma Amurka a shekarun 1970.  Bae ya halarci Kwalejin Phillips kafin ya halarci Kwalejin Harvard, inda ya kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin tattalin arziki a shekarar 1994.   

## Sana'a
Bae ya shiga KKR a shekarar 1996 bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a Goldman Sachs .   Ana yaba masa da muhimmiyar rawa a faɗaɗa KKR a Asiya.  Shi ne ɗan asalin Koriya ta farko da ya riƙe babban matsayi a masana'antarsa.  A shekarar 2021, yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Gidauniyar Asiya ta Amurka . 

Ya zuwa shekarar 2025, *Forbes* ta kiyasta cewa dukiyarsa ta kai dala biliyan 2.4. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
A shekarar 1996, Bae ya auri Janice YK Lee, wata 'yar makarantar Harvard da ta kammala karatunta. Ma'auratan sun kasance manyan masu ba da gudummawa ga Jami'ar Harvard, kuma Bae yana aiki a Kamfanin Harvard .   Bae, tare da matarsa Janice, suna cikin ƙungiyar tsofaffin ɗaliban Harvard waɗanda suka ba da gudummawar dala miliyan 45 don shirin karatun Asiya na Harvard a shekarar 2021.  Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya huɗu, kuma suna zaune a New York. 

## Manazarta
Popovi Da

**Popovi Da** ( née Antonio Martinez ; 1923–1971)  ɗan asalin ƙasar Amurka ne mai tukwane a San Ildefonso Pueblo . An kuma san shi da Tony Martinez.  A matsayinsa na mai zane, ya yi aiki a matsayin ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa tare da mahaifiyarsa, fitacciyar mai tukwane a Tewa, Maria Martínez, kuma shi kaɗai ne a kan ayyukansa.  Ya yi aiki na wa'adi shida a matsayin Gwamnan San Ildefonso Pueblo tun daga shekarar 1952.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Popovi Da a matsayin Antonio Martinez a San Ildefonso Pueblo da ke Arewacin New Mexico ga fitattun maginan tukwane Maria Martínez da Julían Martínez .  Ya yi aiki a Soja a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu a matsayin wani ɓangare na Rundunar Injiniya ta Musamman. Daga baya ya zama maƙerin injiniya na Aikin Manhattan a Dakunan gwaje-gwaje na Ƙasa na Los Alamos a 1944-45. Bayan ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, ya canza sunansa bisa doka zuwa sunansa na pueblo, Popovi Da, wanda ke nufin "Red Fox" a yaren Tewa .  Shi da matarsa, Anita Da suna da 'ya'ya huɗu, Tony Da, Bernard Kahrahrah, da 'ya'ya mata biyu Joyce Da da Janice Da. 

## Sana'a

A shekarun 1940 ya fara aiki tare da mahaifiyarsa Maria Martinez. Ya tattara yumbu ya yi fenti da aka yi amfani da shi don tukwanenta. Shi da matarsa, Anita Da (née Cata) na Santa Clara Pueblo sun kafa Popovi Da Studio of Indian Art a pueblo. Ya halarci Makarantar Indiya ta Santa Fe, ya kammala karatunsa a 1939, [1] daga baya kuma ya fara aiki tare da mahaifiyarsa. Ya ƙware wajen zana zane-zanen ado a kan tukwanenta. [2] Sun yi aiki tare a matsayin masu haɗin gwiwa na tsawon shekaru 20. Tare suka farfaɗo da salon tukwane na gargajiya na San Ildefonso. [3]

## Manazarta
Kanal 35

**Kanal 35** tashar talabijin ce ta jama'a ta Azerbaijan da ake watsawa daga kuma take yi wa Jamhuriyar Nakhchivan mai cin gashin kanta hidima. An ƙaddamar da ita a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2004 kuma tana aiki a ƙarƙashin inuwar Ma'aikatar Sadarwa da Sabbin Fasaha ta Nakhchivan. An kafa ta ne don girmama tsohon shugaban Azerbaijan Heydar Aliyev .  Daga baya Kanal 35 ya zama sashin ma'aikatar ilimi ta jamhuriya. Ta dakatar da ayyukanta a ranar 15 ga Mayu, 2023. 

## Tarihi
Kanal 35 ta fara watsa shirye-shiryenta a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2004, wanda ya yi daidai da cika shekaru 35 da Heydar Aliyev ya zama sakataren farko na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Azerbaijan, don haka ya gaje shi a matsayin sarkin Azerbaijan SSR a lokacin. Da farko ta watsa shirye-shiryenta a matsayin tashar talabijin mallakar mutum ɗaya, amma daga baya ta zama wani ɓangare na Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Nakhchivan.  Tare da haka, an buɗe sabon ginin ɗakin studio don tashar.  An samar wa tashar kayan aikin watsa shirye-shirye na zamani kuma bayan an ƙaddamar da ita, ta sami masu sauraro da yawa a cikin jamhuriyar mai cin gashin kanta. 

A ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2008, an buɗe ofishin edita na talabijin da rediyo inda Kanal 35 da 'yar'uwarsa ta rediyo Voice of Nakhchivan ke kula da su a lokaci guda.  Kanal 35 ta sami gargaɗi a ranar 18 ga Janairu, 2008 yayin da tashar ke ware lokutanta da yawa don shirye-shirye game da dabbobi.  Majalisar Talabijin da Rediyo ta Jamhuriyar Nakhchivan mai cin gashin kanta ta ba wa Kanal 35 lasisi a watan Yulin 2008 bayan kafa majalisar a 2007. Tashar ta yi amfani da haƙƙinta na samun lasisi ba tare da shiga gasar ba kuma ta ɗaukaka ƙara. 

Kanal 35 ta yi ƙaura zuwa talabijin na dijital gaba ɗaya bayan dakatar da talabijin na analog a jamhuriya a watan Fabrairun 2015.  A shekarar 2019, an ba wa ma'aikata huɗu na Kanal 35 kyautar aikinsu a fagen talabijin a Nakhchivan.  Kanal 35 ta fara watsa shirye-shiryen ilimi a ranar 1 ga Janairun 2021, kuma ta zama tashar talabijin ta ilimi tun daga lokacin.  A ranar 15 ga Mayu 2023, an canza Kanal 35 zuwa kuma an haɗa shi da kamfanin Talabijin da Rediyo na Jamhuriyar Nakhchivan mai zaman kansa.  

## Shirye-shirye
A lokacin ƙaddamar da shi, shirye-shiryen watsa shirye-shiryen Kanal 35 da suka shafi kimiyya da aikin jarida.  Tun daga watan Janairun 2008, tashar ta watsa wasu shirye-shiryenta a cikin harshen Turkanci, wanda daga baya aka cire shi.  Da farko ta watsa shirye-shiryenta na tsawon awanni 10, amma an ƙara lokacin watsa shirye-shiryenta zuwa awanni 14 daga baya. A cikin 2008, tashar ta fara rubuta abubuwan da ke cikin ƙasashen waje zuwa Azerbaijan na gida. A wannan lokacin, an watsa shirye-shiryen da suka shafi kimiyya, shirye-shiryen almara, shirye-shiryen shirye-shirye, da fina-finan talabijin a tashar.  A cikin shekarun baya, tsarin shirye-shiryen Kanal 35 ya fi dacewa da ilimi. 

## Manazarta
Pete Stavros

**Pete Stavros** shine shugaban hannun jari na kamfanoni masu zaman kansu a duniya a Kohlberg Kravis Roberts (KKR), inda yake kula da shirye-shiryen mallakar ma'aikata na kamfanin. Ya shahara da tsara da faɗaɗa tsarin mallakar ma'aikata na KKR, wanda aka ƙaddamar a shekarar 2011, wanda ke rarraba hannun jari ga ma'aikata a kamfanonin fayil kuma yana ba da biyan kuɗi bayan an sayar da kamfani. 

Stavros ya girma kusa da Chicago, IL kuma daga baya ya sami digiri na MBA daga Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard . 

## Sana'a
Stavros ya shiga KKR a shekara ta 2004 kuma ya rike mukamai da dama na shugabanci a cikin ƙungiyoyin masana'antu da saka hannun jari na kamfanin. A shekara ta 2019, an naɗa shi shugaban haɗin gwiwa na hannun jari na kamfanoni masu zaman kansu na duniya. Rahoton mai zaman kansa ya bayyana shi a matsayin babban mai fafutukar faɗaɗa mallakar hannun jari tsakanin ma'aikata masu ƙarancin albashi a cikin kamfanonin hannun jari masu zaman kansu. 

A shekarar 2022, Stavros ya taimaka wajen ƙaddamar da Ownership Works, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da ke haɗa gwiwa da kamfanoni da masu zuba jari don faɗaɗa shiga cikin daidaiton ma'aikata. An rufe ƙungiyar a matsayin wani ɓangare na faɗaɗa shirye-shiryen mallakar ma'aikata a cikin hannun jari na masu zaman kansu.

## Manazarta
Chris Dagradi

**Chris Dagaradi** (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga Agusta, 1954 a New York) ɗan fasaha ne ɗan Amurka, wanda ke zaune kuma yana aiki a Netherlands tun 1978. Yana aiki a matsayin mai zane, mai sassaka da kuma mai yin yumbu. 

## Rayuwa da aiki
Dagari ya yi karatu a Cooper Union da ke birnin New York daga 1974 zuwa 1977, a Kwalejin Willem de Kooning da ke Rotterdam da kuma Ateliers '63 da ke Haarlem. 

Da farko, Dagadi ya yi aiki ne a salon zane mai kama da na zahiri. Zane-zanensa sun ƙunshi layuka da launuka masu ƙarfi, waɗanda ake iya ganin su a fili. A shekarun 1990, ya zauna a Delft, inda ya sami wani tsohon yanki na tukwane. Tun daga lokacin, yana sha'awar Delftware da damar da zanen tayal da yumbu ke bayarwa, kuma yana yin faranti, fale-falen tayal, mosaic, da tayal cikin sauƙi. Ya sami ƙwarewa da wannan dabarar ta hanyar aikinsa a matsayin mai zane a Delft Pauw da kuma mataimakin samarwa a Royal Delft.

An baje kolin Dagradi da sauran su a Gidan Tarihi na Het Prinsenhof da ke Delft   da Gidan Tarihi na Tayal na Dutch da ke Otterlo. Ga gundumar Delft, Wippolder Dagradi ya yi zane mai taswirar gundumar.

## Hotunan Hotuna

Fayil:Bench_-Delft_-_Prinsenhof_-_in_the_Netherlands.jpg|alt=Hommage aan Gaudi, Delft 1988| *Hommage a Gaudi,* Delft 1988
Fayil:Model_de_V_voor_de_Voorhof_door_Chris_Dagradie_oktober_2006.JPG|alt=Model of V for sculpture in Delft, 2006.| Samfurin V na sassaka a Delft, 2006.
Fayil:Delft_kunstwerk_monument_voorhof.jpg|alt=V sculpture, Delft 2007| Sassaka na V, Delft 2007
Fayil:Chris_Dagradi_monument_Voorhof_Delft_april_2007.JPG|alt=V sculpture, Delft 2007 (detail)| Sassaka na V, Delft 2007 (cikakken bayani)


## Manazarta
William Daley (mai yin tukwane)

**William Patrick Daley** (Maris 7, 1925 - Janairu 16, 2022) wani ƙwararren mai yin ceramiki ne na Amurka kuma farfesa, wanda aka san shi da manyan kayan dutse na zamani, marasa gilashi. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Daley a ranar 7 ga Maris, 1925, a Hastings-on-Hudson, New York . [1] [2] Ya halarci Kwalejin Fasaha da Zane ta Massachusetts kuma ya kammala karatun digiri na farko a 1950, da Kwalejin Malamai, Jami'ar Columbia kuma ya kammala karatun digiri a 1952. [3] Da farko ya koyar a makarantun gwamnati a Iowa da New York. [3] Daley ya koyar da tukwane daga 1957 zuwa 1990 a Jami'ar Fasaha, Philadelphia . [2] [4]

Ya sami lambar zinare a shekarar 2003 daga Hukumar Sana'o'in Amurka . 

Ayyukan Daley suna cikin tarin jama'a daban-daban, ciki har da Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Metropolitan,  Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha da Zane,  Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Fine, Houston,  Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Philadelphia,  da sauransu.

Ya mutu a Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, a ranar 16 ga Janairu, 2022, yana da shekaru 96.  

## Manazarta
Gil Cuadros

**Gil Cuadros** (22 ga Yuli, 1962  - 29 ga Agusta, 1996) mawaki ne ɗan luwaɗi ɗan Amurka, mai rubutun makala, kuma mai yin yumbu wanda aka san shi da rubuce-rubucensa kan tasirin cutar kanjamau. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Cuadros ya girma a Montebello, California tare da iyayensa daga Arewacin California. Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Schurr, inda ya haɗu da mai ɗaukar hoto Laura Aguilar, wacce suka ci gaba da kasancewa abokai a tsawon rayuwarsa. Bayan kammala karatun sakandare, Cuadros ya halarci Kwalejin Al'umma ta Gabashin Los Angeles na tsawon shekara ɗaya kafin ya koma Kwalejin Birnin Pasadena . Cuadros ya yi aiki a wani dakin daukar hoto inda ya haɗu da masoyinsa, John Edward Milosch. A shekarar 1987, Milosch ya mutu sakamakon cutar kanjamau kuma an gano Cuadros yana da cutar.   

Laura Aguilar ta ƙarfafa Cuadros ya halarci taron rubuce-rubuce na Terry Wolverton ga mutanen da ke ɗauke da cutar HIV a Cibiyar 'Yan Luwaɗi da 'Yan Madigo ta Los Angeles, wanda Cuadros ya yi a shekarar 1988, wanda hakan ya haifar da sha'awar rubutu. Duk da cewa an gaya masa cewa yana da watanni shida kafin ya mutu, Cuadros ya rayu shekaru takwas bayan an gano cutar, yana mai cewa "rubutu a zahiri ya ceci rayuwata ko kuma aƙalla ya tsawaita rayuwata". [1]

Cuadros ya lashe kyautar Brody Literature Fellowship, a shekarar 1991 kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka fara karɓar tallafin PEN Center USA/West ga marubuta masu ɗauke da cutar HIV.   Littafin Cuadros kaɗai da aka buga a rayuwarsa shine *City of God* (City Lights Publishers, 1994). An buga wani littafi na labarai da waƙoƙi bayan mutuwarsa, *My Body is Paper*, a shekarar 2024, wanda City Lights ma,   ta wallafa kuma an zaɓe shi don kyautar *POZ* ta 2024 don Mafi Kyawun Adabi 

## Manazarta
Anne Currier

## Heading text
**Anne Currier** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1950) ƙwararriyar mai yin yumbu ce ta Amurka. An san Currier da ayyukanta na yumbu masu kama da juna, waɗanda ke wasa da sarari mai kyau da mara kyau. 

## Ilimi
Currier ya sami digirin BFA daga Makarantar Fasaha ta Chicago (1972) da kuma digirin MFA daga Jami'ar Washington (1974).

## Aiki
Yawancin ayyukan Currier sun yi kama da siffar ɗan adam da abubuwan gine-gine. [1] A cikin wata sanarwa ta mai zane, Currier ta bayyana cewa aikinta ya samo asali ne daga sassaka na Girka da Buddha. Currier ta kuma bayyana cewa wasan kwaikwayo da aka yi da jiragen gani, kamar yadda aka samu a cikin ƙungiyar Cubist, wahayi ne. [2]

Ta koyar da tukwane a Jami'ar Colorado (1975–1984) da kuma Jami'ar Alfred (1984–2016). Bayan ta yi ritaya daga Jami'ar Alfred a shekarar 2016, Currier ta sami lambar yabo ta farfesa emerita.  Ayyukanta sun jawo hankalin ƙasashen duniya,  kuma an haɗa su a cikin tarin Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Houston,  Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Amurka na Smithsonian,  da kuma Gidan Tarihi na Tunawa . 

## Manazarta
Gilashin da aka tsara

**An kafa Design Tiles**, wani sitidiyo mai siliki na birnin New York wanda aka keɓe don yin ado da harba tayal ɗin yumbu, a shekarar 1941 ta hannun mai zane kuma mai sassaka na Amurka Harold Ambellan (1912-2006). A cikin hirarrakin da aka yi da shi a cikin 2005 yana bayanin dukkan aikinsa na fasaha, Ambellan ya ba da labarin farkon Design Tiles.  Ambellan ya gudanar da Design Tiles daga 1941 zuwa 1958 sannan ya sayar da shi ga Steven da Masha Sklansky waɗanda suka ci gaba da samar da tayal masu ado har zuwa 1978. 

## Zane-zanen siliki na fasaha da Sabuwar Yarjejeniya
A cikin shekarun 1930s na damuwa, masu fasaha marasa aiki a birnin New York za a iya biyan su albashi don horar da su a matsayin masu zane-zanen allon siliki, masu yin stencil, da kuma firintoci, wani shiri da Magajin Garin New York Fiorello La Guardia ya fara kafawa a shekarar 1935, wanda aka haɗa a cikin Shirin Fasaha na Tarayya na Shugaba Franklin D. Roosevelt (FAP) na Hukumar Ci Gaban Ayyuka (WPA).  An yaba wa Anthony Velonis saboda gabatar da zanen siliki a New York yana ambaton littafinsa na 1937 mai suna "Matsalolin Fasaha na Mai Zane: Fasaha na Tsarin Siliki," wanda aka watsa a shagunan WPA. 

Rufe Aikin Fasaha na Tarayya a shekarar 1938 ya saki sabbin masu fasaha da ba su da aikin yi kamar Ambellan da kuma wasu gungun masu zane-zane na allon siliki, masu yanke stencil, masu samar da stencil na allon siliki, firintoci, da sauransu. 

A cikin wannan yanayi na fasaha, mai sassaka Harold Ambellan ya lura da wasu suna gyaran siliki kuma ya yi gwaji a ɓoye yana goge zane-zanensa a kan tayal ɗin faranti na masana'antu ta amfani da fenti mai launi na ƙarƙashin gilashi sannan ya harba su. 

## Kafa Tayal ɗin da aka Tsara
Lokacin da Amurka ta daina shigo da kayayyaki daga Turai sakamakon barkewar yakin duniya na biyu a shekarar 1939, ya nuna wa wani mai yin kayan daki na ƙarfe, John Salterini, samfuran tayal ɗin da aka yi wa ado, wanda bai iya sake samun tayal ɗin Sifaniya da Italiya don teburinsa ba. Salterini ya zuba jarin dala 1,000 a cikin kasuwancin Ambellan wanda ya ba su damar siyan babban murhu da kuma ƙaura zuwa wani bene mai hawa na biyu a 22 East 21st Street, a gundumar Flat Iron ta Manhattan, a gefen titi daga gidan Harold da matarsa Elisabeth da ke bene na sama a 31 East 21st Street. [1]

## Manazarta
R. Guy Cowan

Reginald Guy Cowan (1 ga Agusta, 1884 - 10 ga Maris, 1957) ƙwararren mai yin tukwane ne kuma mai zane na Amurka. Ya kafa Cowan Pottery kuma ya kasance babban mutum a Makarantar Masu Zane ta Cleveland .

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Shiga cikin jerin sunayen mawakan ƙungiyar R. Guy Cowan
* Tarihin Rayuwa a gidan yanar gizon Gidan Tarihin Cowan Pottery
Harbiye Muhsin Ertuğrul mataki

**Harbiye Muhsin Ertuğrul Stage** wani wurin wasan kwaikwayo ne a unguwar Harbiye da ke gundumar Şişli a Istanbul, Turkiyya. Mallakar birnin Istanbul ne kuma reshen City Theatres ( *Şehir Tiyatroları* ) ne ke gudanar da shi.  An sanya wa gidan wasan kwaikwayo suna don girmama jarumin wasan kwaikwayo na Turkiyya kuma darakta Muhsin Ertuğrul (1892-1979).

An fara buɗe gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Muhsin Ertuğrul a shekarar 1964. An rushe tsohon ginin da ke wuri ɗaya don ya zama babban kuma na zamani.   An fara gina ginin a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 2008. An kashe ₺ miliyan 17 wajen gina gidan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma an sake buɗe gidan wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 14 ga Janairu, 2010.   Yana kusa da Cibiyar Taron Istanbul, wani katafaren gini mai matakai da yawa, wanda aka gina don karɓar bakuncin taron shekara-shekara na IMF da Bankin Duniya na 2009.

Tsohon gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya sauke labulen dandamalinsa bayan wasan kwaikwayo na *Keşanlı Ali Destanı* ( *Keşanlı Ali's Epic* ), wani wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa na shahararren marubucin wasan kwaikwayo na Turkiyya Haldun Taner (1915-1986). Hakanan shine wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa da aka shirya a lokacin sake buɗe sabon wurin wasan kwaikwayo.  

## Kayan aiki
Faɗin sabon ginin gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya ninka girman tsohon ginin sau biyu. Yana da    ƙofar shiga. 

Gidan dumama yana da dandamali mai juyawa da kuma wurin wasan kwaikwayo . An haɗa ɗakunan miya shida na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, ɗakunan gwaji guda biyu, da ɗakuna don hasken wuta da ma'aikatan sauti a cikin ginin.  Gidan taron yana da wurin zama na mutane 598.   

Gidan wasan kwaikwayo yana da alaƙa da Cibiyar Taron Istanbul, kuma yana da hanyar shiga Cibiyar Baje Kolin da Nunin Istanbul Lütfi Kırdar a gefen titi, wanda aka rufe shi don zirga-zirga. Akwai wurin ajiye motoci mai iya ɗaukar motoci 1,000 a ƙarƙashin ginin. 

## Shirye-shiryen da suka gabata

* *Keşanlı Ali Destanı* (*Keşanlı Ali's Epic*) na Haldun Taner (2008, 2010)  
* *Yaşar Ne Yaşar Ne Yaşamaz* na Aziz Nesin Musical (Dec 11-15, 2013) 
* *Ali Baba ve Kırk Haramiler* ( *Ali Baba da barayi arba'in*) na Can Doğan (Dec 14-15, 2013) 
* *Lysistrata* (*Kadınlar Da Savaşırsa*) na Aristophanes (Dec 18-22, 2013) 
* *Pırtlatan Bal* na Aziz Nesin Children's (Dec 21-29, 2013) 
* *Şark Dişçisi* na Hagop Baronian Musical (Dec 25-29, 2013)

## Duba kuma

* Bahçeşehir Muhsin Ertuğrul Theatre, gidan wasan kwaikwayo a Bahçeşehir, Başakşehir, Istanbul
* Muhsin Ertuğrul Stage, gidan wasan kwaikwayo a Mamak, Ankara

## Manazarta
Harris Deller

**Harris Deller** wani ɗan ƙasar Amurka ne mai yin yumbu. Ya shahara da yin fenti mai launin baƙi da fari da aka yanke. Ya shafe mafi yawan aikinsa yana koyarwa a Jami'ar Kudancin Illinois kuma yana da ayyukan da aka nuna a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha da Zane na Zamani da ke New York da sauran tarin kayan tarihi.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Harris Deller a Brooklyn, NY a shekarar 1947. Ya sami digirin BA daga Jami'ar Jihar California, Northridge da kuma digirin MFA daga Kwalejin Fasaha ta Cranbrook a shekarar 1973 yana karatu tare da Richard DeVore . An nuna ayyukan Deller a nune-nunen rukuni sama da 100, waɗanda aka nuna a nune-nunen mutum ɗaya sama da 15 a gidajen tarihi da gidajen tarihi, waɗanda aka wakilta a cikin manyan tarin littattafai sama da 25, da hotuna ko kuma aka ambata a cikin wallafe-wallafe sama da 40. Ya sami tallafin karatu na Artists daga Illinois Arts Council, Arts Midwest, wani yanki na NEA, da kuma tallafin karatu na Fulbright zuwa Koriya ta Kudu a 1980/81. An zaɓi Farfesa Deller a matsayin memba na Majalisar Ilimi ta Ƙasa a Fannin Fasaha ta Ceramics a shekarar 1992 kuma an ba shi memba a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Duniya a shekarar 2011. [1] [2] [3]

Harris ya koyar a Jami'ar Kudancin Illinois da ke Carbondale, Illinois daga 1975-2013. A shekarar 2008, ya sami lambar yabo ta NCECA a fannin koyarwa saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga ilimi a fannin yumbu. Ya ci gaba da shirya aikinsa a White Roof Studio da ke Carbondale, Illinois.  

## Manazarta
Patricia Degener

**Patricia “Patsy” Degener** (1924–2008) ƙwararriyar mai fasaha ce 'yar Amurka wadda ta ƙware a fannin tukwane .  Ta taimaka wajen kafa Craft Alliance, wani kamfani mai haɗin gwiwar zane-zane da sana'o'i da ke St. Louis, a shekarar 1964. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An haifi Patricia Degener a Washington, DC, a shekarar 1924. Mahaifinta, Kyaftin JP Norfleet, jami'in sojan ruwa ne. Aikinsa ya sa Degener da iyalinta suka ƙaura zuwa wurare daban-daban a gabar tekun gabas a duk lokacin yarintarta.  Daga ƙarshe ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Friends Select a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, kuma ta ci gaba da karatunta a Kwalejin Wellesley da Jami'ar Washington da ke St. Louis, inda ta sami digirin farko.  Ta koma St. Louis a shekarar 1954 tare da tsohon mijinta, Glenn Degener, malami a Makarantar Ranar Kasa ta St. Louis (wanda yanzu ake kira MICDS ). Ita da mijinta na lokacin suna da 'ya'ya biyar, huɗu daga cikinsu sun tsira daga gare ta.  Baya ga ƙaunarta ga fasaha, Degener kuma 'yar wasa ce kuma tana son yin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara. Ta mutu a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 2008, sakamakon cutar kansar mahaifa, wata cuta da ta sha fama da ita tsawon shekaru kafin mutuwarta. 

## Sana'a
Degener ta fara aikinta na ƙwararru a matsayin malamar makaranta a Makarantar Rowan Woods . Ta kasance a cikin sashen koyar da zane-zane na Jama'a, wani shiri na cikin gari don taimaka wa yara marasa galihu a cikin birane, wanda WPA ta kafa a 1942.  Degener ta kuma jagoranci MECA, Cibiyar Ilimi ta Metropolitan don Fasaha. A 1969, ta zama marubuciyar ƙirar ciki ta *St. Louis Post Dispatch*, kuma a 1980 ta zama mai sukar fasaha ta jaridar. Ta yi ritaya daga *St. Louis Post Dispatch* a 1990. 

Degener koyaushe tana da sha'awar fasaha kuma tana aiki a fannoni da yawa, ciki har da zane, zane, rubutu, da yumbu. A farkon shekarun aurenta, ya bayyana cewa yumbu shine hanyar da Degener ta fi so. Ta ci gaba da ƙirƙirar tukwane a tsawon rayuwarta. Ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yanta mata, wacce aka ambata a cikin stltoday.com, ta ce, "lokacin da ta rubuta, tana tafiya, tana faɗin munanan kalmomi da sigari masu hayaƙi. Tana cikin annashuwa lokacin da ta yi tukwane." [1] Ana tunawa da tukwanen Degener a matsayin kayan aiki na musamman waɗanda suka haɗa madubai a cikin yumbu. [1]

## Manazarta
John Burnett, Baron Burnett

**John Patrick Aubone Burnett, Baron Burnett** (an haife shi a ranar 19 ga Satumba, 1945) ɗan siyasa ne na jam'iyyar Democrat ta Burtaniya, memba na Majalisar Iyaye, kuma ya kasance ɗan Majalisar Dokoki na Torridge da West Devon tsakanin babban zaɓen 1997 da 2005.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
John Burnett ɗa ne ga Laftanar Kanar Aubone Burnett OBE (1909–1958) lauyan soja, da kuma Joan Bolt. Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Ampleforth kafin ya shiga Royal Marines.

Ya yi aiki a matsayin kwamandan rundunar sojojin ruwa ta Royal Marines tsawon shekaru bakwai, mai kiwon shanu na Devon Ruby, kuma ya ci gaba da zama mai ba da shawara/mai ba da shawara kan shari'a a Stephens Scown Solicitors, Exeter, Truro da St. Austell. Daga 1976 zuwa 1997, ya kasance abokin tarayya a kamfanin lauyoyi na Okehampton Burd Pearse.

A shekarar 1971, ya auri Elizabeth Sherwood de la Mare, 'yar jami'in diflomasiyyar Sir Arthur de la Mare . Suna da 'ya'ya 4 da jikoki 11.

Lord Burnett ya kasance Shugaban Gwamnoni a Plymouth Diocese Catholic Academy Schools Trust har zuwa ranar 31 ga Oktoba 2020, shi ne shugaban kuma amintaccen Agaji na Kyautar Jinƙai, kuma shine Shugaban ƙungiyoyin agaji da dama ciki har da Royal Marines Association (reshen Tavistock), Okehampton Argyle Football Club, Okehampton Small-Bore Association da Dartmoor Search and Ceto Team (Tavistock) 

## Aikin siyasa
A shekarar 1997, ya lashe kujerar Devon West da Torridge a matsayin 'yar majalisar wakilai ta Liberal Democrat. Ya maye gurbin Emma Nicholson a matsayin 'yar majalisar wakilai ta mazabar, bayan ta fice daga jam'iyyar Conservative zuwa Liberal Democrats a shekarar 1995, sannan aka daukaka ta a matsayin abokiyar hamayyarta ta Liberal Democrat. An sake zabar Burnett a babban zaben 2001.

Ya kasance Kakakin Jam'iyyar Liberal Democrats kan Harkokin Cikin Gida daga Mayu 1997 zuwa Yuli 2004 da kuma kan Shari'a daga Yuli 2004 zuwa Mayu 2005.

Bayan shawarar da Burnett ya yanke na yin murabus a shekarar 2005, an samu kuri'u 5,000 a zaben 2005 a kan wanda zai gaje shi a jam'iyyar Liberal Democrat ta Burnett a matsayin dan takara, David Walter . An rage girman mazabar a sake daidaita Hukumar Iyakoki ta 2006, kuma Jam'iyyar Conservative ta ci gaba da rike ta.

A watan Afrilun 2006 aka sanar da cewa za a ƙirƙiri Burnett a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa da Liberal Democrat a Majalisar Dattawa, kuma a ranar 31 ga Mayu aka ƙirƙiri shi **Baron Burnett**, na Whitchurch a Gundumar Devon. 

A Majalisar Dattawa, ya yi magana musamman kan batutuwan da suka shafi sojoji.

## Manazarta
Jacobo de la Serna

## Heading text
*Jacobo de la Serna*' (an haife shi a shekarar 1965  a Espanola, New Mexico, Amurka) ƙwararren mai zane ne na yumbu, masanin mulkin mallaka na Sipaniya kuma mai zane. Ayyukansa ana nuna su a cikin tarin kayan tarihi na dindindin a duk faɗin Amurka.

A shekara ta 2009, an zaɓi de la Serna don baje kolin "mutum ɗaya" a Gidan Tarihi na Grounds For Sculpture [1] [2] da ke Hamilton, New Jersey . Ya yi jawabai game da aikinsa da al'adun yumbu a gidajen tarihi da wuraren adana kayan tarihi, ciki har da Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Denver . [3]

De la Serna ya fito ne kai tsaye daga cikin tsoffin iyalai 'yan Spain da suka zauna a New Mexico a shekarar 1598; ya ambaci waɗannan tushen al'adu masu zurfi a matsayin tasiri da kuma jagora ga zane-zanensa.  Ya kasance mai zane mai lashe kyaututtuka akai-akai a Kasuwar Sifaniya ta shekara-shekara da ke Santa Fe, NM sau da yawa tun daga 1994.  ana ganin de la Serna a matsayin mai ba da shawara daga matasa masu fasaha da yawa. An tattara de la Serna ta gidajen tarihi kamar Santa Fe Museum of International Folk Art, The Denver Art Museum, Grounds For Sculpture da Albuquerque Museum . Ayyukansa suna cikin tarin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da na kamfanoni a duk faɗin Amurka da ƙasashen waje, kuma gidajen tarihi da yawa suna wakilta shi.   

Andrew Connors, Mai Kula da Gidan Tarihi na Albuquerque ya ce game da aikin de la Serna: 

## Sana'a
de la Serna ta yi karatun fasaha daban-daban a Instituto de Bellas Artes, Granada, Spain, da Sanchez Conservation, Santa Fe, da Gidan Tarihi na Fasahar Jama'a ta Duniya, Santa Fe, da Osona Gallery and Studio, Santa Fe, da Santos na New Mexico, Santa Fe. 

Yawancin lokacin de la Serna ya shafe yana nazarin ayyukan tsoffin masu zane-zanen New Mexico Colonial da kuma amfani da yanayin gargajiya a kan dabarun kwamitin. Wannan aikin farko ya kasance cikin sauri daga masu tattarawa da gidajen tarihi masu zaman kansu. Duk da cewa bai yi fice a wannan nau'in ba, aikinsa a cikin *retablos*, *sassaka bulto* da kuma *kayan aikin gesso* ya sa ya sami kyaututtuka da girmamawa. An buga ayyukansa sosai a cikin littattafai da labaran mujallu. An wakilta shi a cikin Smithsonian's Archives of American Art . 

## Manazarta
Rupert Deese

**Rupert Deese** (an haife shi Rupert Julian Deese kuma an san shi da Rummy) (16 ga Yuli, 1924 - 12 ga Yuli, 2010)  ƙwararren mai zane ne na yumbu na Amurka. An san shi da ƙira mai ƙirƙira da kuma ƙawata yumbu mai ƙarfi.  Deese ya rubuta "Fata na ne na yin waɗannan tasoshin yadda fahimtar kyawunsu ke raguwa akan lokaci, za su rayu da kansu ta hanyar amfani mai kyau." 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Rupert Deese a Agana, Guam, inda mahaifinsa ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in rundunar sojojin ruwa . Bayan kammala karatunsa daga makarantar sakandare a shekarar 1942, ya shiga rundunar sojojin sama ta Soja, yana aiki a Amurka a matsayin makaniki na B-17 . Deese ya kammala karatunsa da digirin farko na fasaha a shekarar 1950 daga Kwalejin Pomona. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya fara aiki a matsayin mai yin yumbu a Claremont, California, inda ya raba wani studio tare da mai yin yumbu Harrison McIntosh.   Dangantakarsu ta aiki ta wuce shekaru 60.  Deese da Helen Smith (15 ga Satumba, 1925 - 4 ga Yuni, 2010) sun yi aure a shekarar 1951 kuma sun haifi 'ya'ya huɗu. 

A tsakiyar shekarun hamsin, tare da tallafin kuɗi daga masu ba da tallafin fasaha na gida Robert da Catherine Garrison, Deese ya shiga Makarantar Digiri ta Claremont, yana karatun tukwane tare da Richard Petterson da sassaka tare da Albert Stewart . Ya kuma amfana daga al'ummar masu fasaha da ke zaune a Claremont, musamman Millard Sheets mai zane da Jean da Arthur Ames, waɗanda suka ba da ƙarfafawa da tallafi a farkon shekarun aikinsa, da kuma daga da'irar matasa masu fasaha da suka haɗa da mai aikin katako Sam Maloof  da masu zane Melvin Woods, Jim Hueter, Jim Fuller, da Karl Benjamin .

Bayan ya sami digirinsa na Master of Fine Arts a fannin yumbu a shekarar 1957, Deese ya ci gaba da yin yumbunsa a ɗakin aikinsa. Duk da haka, kamar sauran masu fasaha, ya ga ya zama dole ya ƙara masa kuɗin shiga. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya fara koyar da yumbu a Kwalejin Mt. San Antonio da ke Walnut, California kuma ya ci gaba da zama a cikin sashen har zuwa 1971. A shekarar 1958, Deese da McIntosh sun ƙaura da ɗakinsu zuwa wani wuri da aka gina musamman kusa da sabon gidan McIntosh da ke Padua Hills a Claremont. Tukwanen Deese sun sami karɓuwa a ƙasa a shekarar 1960 lokacin da tulun wake da aka rufe ya lashe kyautar gasa ta IBM a bikin baje kolin yumbu na ƙasa na 21 a Gidan Tarihi na Everson da ke Syracuse, New York .

## Manazarta
Juanita Suazo Dubray

**Juanita Suazo Dubray** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1930) wacce aka fi sani da Juanita DuBray, kwararren mai yin tukwane ne ɗan asalin Amurka daga Taos Pueblo, New Mexico . Tana zaune a Taos Pueblo har tsawon rayuwarta kuma ta fito ne daga zuriyar mutanen Taos Pueblo marasa karyewa. Mahaifiyarta Tonita ta yi tukwanen gargajiya na micaceous don amfanin amfani. Ta fara sha'awar al'adar tukwanen micaceous a shekara ta 1980 bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin ƙwararren ma'aikacin magunguna.

Ta fara yin tukwanen mayya tun tana da shekaru 50 da ƙarfafa gwiwa daga maƙwabciyarta wadda ta ba ta yumbu. Lokacin da ta fara yin tukwanen mayya, ta yi tukwanen mayya na musamman ta amfani da zane-zane da alamomi daban-daban na da. Daga ƙarshe ta fara amfani da ƙira da alamomi na zamani a kan tukwanen ta, tana yin su daga yumbun mayya da fari. Ta ƙara wani sinadari na sassaka, tana samar da guntu-guntu da yawa tare da gumakan masara, kunkuru, ƙadangaru, da matattakalar kiva a cikin sauƙi. Tsarin masararta na asali ya zama alamarta da aka fi sani. Hakanan sau da yawa tana haɗa da kayan ado na gargajiya na igiya, gefuna masu ban sha'awa na kayan aiki da madauri a kan tukwanen ta. Juanita ta kuma samar da abubuwa masu sassaka waɗanda suka haɗa da yanayin haihuwar  da 'yan tsana masu ba da labari . 

A matsayinta na mai tukwane mai koyar da kanta, Juanita ta yi ƙoƙari sosai wajen ƙwarewa wajen yin tukwanen gargajiya na micaceous, waɗanda kyawawan ayyukan fasaha ne. Ta halarci nune-nune da nune-nune da yawa, ciki har da Kasuwar Indiya ta Santa Fe, Kasuwar Indiya ta Denver, San Ildefonso da San Juan Pueblo Kasuwannin Indiya ta Arewa da sauransu. A shekarar 1988 ta sami matsayi na farko a Kasuwar Indiya ta Arewa ta San Ildefonso. A shekarar 1994 , Makarantar Bincike ta Amurka ta naɗa ta a matsayin Babbar Mai Tukwane kuma an gayyace ta ta halarci taron ƙungiyar masu fasahar tukwane na Micaceous. [1] Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun masu tukwane na micaceous goma da za su halarta. A watan Yunin 2004, ta kuma koyar da wani bita a Makarantar Fasaha ta Taos kan yin tukwanen gargajiya na Taos Pueblo micaceous.

## Tarin abubuwa
Aikin Dubray yana cikin tarin Gidan Tarihi na Millicent Rogers,  tarin Samuel Poliakoff na Fasaha ta Yamma a Tsarin Laburare na Gundumar Abbeville, Abbeville, SC,  Gidan Tarihi na Holmes na Anthropology a Jami'ar Wichita,  da kuma tarin Crèche na Jami'ar Dayton Marian Library. 

## Manazarta
Alex Navab

Alex Navab (24 ga Nuwamba, 1965 - 7 ga Yuli, 2019) ɗan Amurka ne mai kuɗi wanda shine shugaban Kasuwancin Hannun Jari na Amurka na Kohlberg Kravis Roberts kuma mai yiwuwa magajin kamfanin.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Navab a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba, 1965, a Isfahan, ga uba ɗan ƙasar Iran kuma mahaifiyar Girka, Dr. Ali da Katina (Armenakis) Navab. Mahaifinsa likita ne.  Iyalin sun gudu zuwa Girka bayan juyin juya halin Iran a 1979 sannan suka ƙaura zuwa Amurka .  Ya kammala karatunsa daga Kwalejin Columbia a matsayin Phi Beta Kappa a 1987 da Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard a 1991.   

## Sana'a
Ya yi aiki a Goldman Sachs da James D. Wolfensohn, Inc. kafin ya shiga KKR a 1993. A lokacin da yake a KKR, ya jagoranci karɓe kamfanin Nielsen, Yellow Pages da Borden . Navab ya zama shugaban kamfanin hannun jari na Amurka na KKR a 2008. Ya zama shugaban ƙasa tilo a 2014.  Ya taimaka wa kamfanin tara dala biliyan 13.9, ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman irinsa.   Shi ne ƙaramin abokin tarayya a KKR. 

Navab ya zauna a kwamitin gudanarwa na KKR kuma mutane da yawa a masana'antar sun ɗauke shi a matsayin ɗan takarar da zai maye gurbin Henry Kravis da George R. Roberts .    Duk da haka, an ruwaito yana da matsalolin lafiya wanda ya haifar da damuwa game da yiwuwar maye gurbinsa.   Bayan an ɗaukaka wasu manyan jami'ai biyu, Scott C. Nuttall da Joseph Bae, zuwa shugabannin haɗin gwiwa, ya bar KKR a 2017 ya kuma ƙaddamar da kamfanin saye nasa, Navab Capital Partners. 

## Taimakon jama'a
Ayyukansa na taimakon jama'a sun haɗa da yin aiki a matsayin amintaccen Jami'ar Columbia da kuma a cikin kwamitin gudanarwa na Gidauniyar Robin Hood da Asibitin NewYork-Presbyterian .    Ya kuma kasance cikin al'ummar Girkawa Amurkawa kuma an naɗa shi "Jagoran Shekara" a cikin 2017 ta ƙungiyar Hellenic American Association for Professionals in Finance.  

A shekarar 2016, ya sami lambar yabo ta Ellis Island saboda nasarorin da ya samu a fannin aiki da kuma hidimar jama'a.   Ya sami lambar yabo ta John Jay daga Kwalejin Columbia a shekarar 2011, tare da masanin tattalin arziki na Ghana kuma Ministan Kudi da Tsare-tsare na Tattalin Arziki na gaba Ken Ofori-Atta, jakadan Isra'ila Michael Oren, da kuma 'yar jarida Elizabeth Rubin wacce ta lashe lambar yabo ta Livingston . 

## Ayyukan siyasa
Navab ya yi aiki a majalisar ba da shawara ta Hamilton Project, wani shiri na manufofin tattalin arziki a Brookings Institution, inda shugabannin kasuwanci suka gabatar da shawarwari kan manufofin tattalin arzikin Amurka.  Shi ne tsohon shugaban majalisar ƙasa na Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwanci ta Amurka kuma ya goyi bayan tsohon gwamna Jeb Bush don takarar Republican a matsayin shugaban ƙasa a 2016.   

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Ya mutu  a ranar 7 ga Yuli, 2019, yayin da yake hutu tare da iyalinsa a Girka .  An yi bikin tunawa da shi a Central Park kuma mutane 1,800 ne suka halarta, ciki har da Mitt Romney, Henry Kissinger, Ali Wentworth, George Stephanopoulos, Wilbur Ross, Mariska Hargitay, Peter Hermann, da Aerin Lauder . 

## Manazarta
Anthony Durand

**Anthony Durand** (1956–2009) ƙwararren mai yin tukwane ne na Puebloan daga Picuris Pueblo, New Mexico, Amurka . An haife shi a Cortez, Colorado kuma kakanninsa suka rene shi a Picuris Pueblo. Ya yi makarantar firamare da sakandare a Peñasco, New Mexico da kuma kwaleji a Jami'ar New Mexico Highlands . Lokacin da ya dawo Picuris a shekarar 1976, ya yi niyyar hana al'adar Picuris ta macaceous ta tukwane mutuwa. Yana da malami mai kyau a kakarsa Cora Durand . A shekarar 1976, Cora da Francis Martinez su kaɗai ne ke yin tukwane na gargajiya irin na Picuris. Tare da wahayi daga kakarsa, Anthony yana yin tukwane na cikakken lokaci cikin shekara guda.

Babban kuma mafi mahimmanci tushen tattara yumbu mai kauri daga masu tukwane na Picuris yana da nisan mil huɗu da rabi a gabashin ƙauyensu. A cikin harshen Tiwa na mutanen Picuris, ana kiransa da "Mowlownan-a" ko "wurin ƙasa na tukunya." Wannan wurin ba wai kawai ya samar da mafi kyawun tushen yumbu mai kauri ba, har ma yana da mahimmancin addini da al'adu mai zurfi ga mutanen Picuris waɗanda suka shafe sama da shekaru 400 suna tattara yumbu a nan. A cikin shekarun 1960 lokacin da aka fara aikin haƙar ma'adinai a yankin, wannan muhimmin tushen yumbu an yi masa shinge da sauran ma'adinan ƙasa wanda hakan ya sa ya yi wa masu tukwane wahala su shiga wurin. A tsakiyar shekarun 1990, mutanen Picuris sun rasa duk damar shiga wurin "Mowlownan-a" wanda yanzu aka binne shi a ƙarƙashin tarin duwatsun shara daga ayyukan haƙar ma'adinai.

Anthony ya fara gwada yumbu daga wasu tushe, da kuma dabarun gogewa da gogewa daban-daban. Ya yi amfani da dutsen sandstone mai launin toka a matsayin yanayi, wanda ke ba wa tukwanen nasa kamanni na musamman. Yankin Picuris yana ɗauke da kayan micaceous wanda ke samar da haske mai yawa idan aka yi amfani da shi azaman zamewa. Tunda tukwanen Picuris an yi su ne bisa ga al'ada don girki, ba shi da kayan ado da aka fenti amma a maimakon haka ya haɗa da cikakkun bayanai masu sassaka. Simintin tukwanen kore-zinariya na musamman ne ga Picuris pueblo.

## Manazarta

* Anderson, Duane. *Duk Abin Da Yake Kwaikwaya: Fitowar Fasaha da Tukwane na 'Yan Asalin Amurka a Arewacin New Mexico.* Santa Fe: Makarantar Bincike ta Amurka, 1999.  .
Paul Dresang

**Paul Dresang** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1948 a Appleton, Wisconsin ) ƙwararren mai zane ne na yumbu kuma farfesa a Jami'ar Kudancin Illinois Edwardsville . Yana aiki da gilashi, faranti, da yumbu, "siffofin faranti masu matuƙar keɓancewa, masu laushi, masu amfani da gishiri na Dresang an ƙawata su da cikakkun bayanai masu ban sha'awa."  Ya bayyana aikinsa a matsayin "kayan haihuwa bayan zamani ".  Dresang yana da niyyar ƙirƙirar hotuna masu ban mamaki tare da yumbu ta hanyar mai da hankali kan abubuwan yau da kullun a cikin aikinsa da kuma bincika "ra'ayoyin da ke adawa da ƙuntatawa da 'yanci."  Bayan ya sami MFA ɗinsa, Dresang ya zama mai tukwane da ake nema sosai. Ya gabatar da aikinsa a nunin rukuni da ba a iya samu ba, kuma ana nuna shi a cikin tarin dindindin da yawa a duk faɗin ƙasar. A halin yanzu yana zaune a Edwardsville, Illinois .

## Ilimi da aiki
Bayan ya girma a Appleton, Wisconsin, Dresang ya halarci Jami'ar Minnesota, inda ya sami digiri na MFA a fannin Ceramics a shekarar 1974. A watan Janairun 1975, Dresang ya fara aikin koyarwa na farko a fannin Seramics na Ci gaba a Jami'ar Jihar Wisconsin da ke Oshkosh . Bayan ya bar wannan mukamin a watan Mayun 1975, ya zama Malami a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Cleveland, inda ya ci gaba har zuwa 1977. Daga 1977 zuwa yau, Dresang yana koyarwa a Jami'ar Kudancin Illinois Edwardsville a matsayin Farfesa na Ceramics da Glassblowing . Ya kai matsayin Farfesa na Bincike Mai Daraja a 2008. [1]

## Kalaman mai zane
"Babban fatana shi ne idan mutane suka kusanci aikina, za a ƙalubalance su su yanke shawara kan abin da suka gani a ciki. Ta wata hanya dole ne su yi kasada da kansu, musamman idan sun raba abubuwan da suka lura da su. Duk wanda ya kalli aikina kuma ya damu da shi ba zai iya guje wa saka hannun jari a cikin aikin ba." -Paul Dresang 

## Manazarta
Bernard Selz

**Bernard Thierry Selz** (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, 1940) manajan asusun kuɗi ne kuma mai goyon bayan hana allurar riga-kafi da ke Manhattan . Matarsa Lisa tana aiki a matsayin shugabar gidauniyar Selz, wata ƙungiyar agaji.  Su manyan masu ba da kuɗi ne ga ƙungiyoyin hana allurar riga-kafi . 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Selz ya sami digirin farko na fasaha daga Kwalejin Columbia a shekarar 1960.  Ya auri Lisa Selz; suna da yara biyu manya. 

A shekarar 1961, Selz yana tukin wata mota da ta bugi jarumi John Payne yayin da Payne ke ketare titin Madison a birnin New York. Payne ya ji rauni sosai kuma dole ne ya murmure a asibiti. Selz ya yi ikirarin cewa bai ga Payne ba.

## Kasuwanci
Selz ya kafa Selz Capital a watan Nuwamba na 2003. Hedikwatar kamfanin tana birnin New York. Tana da kimanin dala miliyan 750 daga abokan ciniki 24 masu daraja a ƙarƙashin gudanarwa.  Tana ɗaukar ma'aikata huɗu. 

A da, ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Darakta a ING Furman Selz . Ya kafa wannan kamfanin a shekarar 1973. Ya fara aikinsa a fannin tsaro a shekarar 1960 a Lazard Freres . 

## Ayyukan agaji
An bayyana Gidauniyar Selz a matsayin mai aiki "tare da mai da hankali kan ayyukan jin kai, ilimi, tsofaffi, cututtukan homeopathic, da kuma fasahar kere-kere."  Gidauniyar ta kasance babbar mai goyon bayan Kwalejin Al'umma ta LaGuardia a Queens da Jami'ar Columbia inda ta ba da guraben farfesa a fannin fasahar zamani da fasahar zamani da kuma ilmin kayan tarihi na Pre-Columbian. Gidauniyar ba ta karɓar buƙatun da ba a nema ba. 

Gidauniyar Selz tana bayar da kusan kashi uku cikin huɗu na kuɗaɗen da ake bayarwa ga Informed Consent Action Network, wata ƙungiyar agaji ta hana allurar riga-kafi wadda Lisa Selz da Del Bigtree ke jagoranta.  Gidauniyar ta kuma ba da dala miliyan 1.6 ga ƙungiyoyi biyu masu zaman kansu, ɗaya daga cikinsu (AMC Foundation) ta ba da tallafin Autism Media Channel LLC, ƙungiyar da ta shirya fim ɗin Amurka na Vaxxed na 2016.  &#x3A;&#x200A;1&#x200A;Jimillar kuɗin da aka kiyasta Gidauniyar Selz ta bayar ya kai dala miliyan 3 ga ƙungiyar hana allurar riga-kafi.  

Bernard Selz yana cikin kwamitin gudanarwa na Asusun Tarihi na Duniya kuma ya zauna a kan allunan Cibiyar Tarihin Yahudawa,  da kuma Frick Collection . 

## Manazarta
Karon Doherty

**Karon Doherty**, wacce aka haifa a Richardson (1941–1999) mai sassaka yumbu ce. Launuka da jigogi na fasahar gargajiya sun yi mata tasiri, amma an horar da ita a fannin ilimi. Aikinta ya haɗa da hotuna da suka shafi mutane da dabbobi daga rayuwarta ta sirri, ciki har da mijinta, Louis, da karnukan dabbobinta, kuliyoyi da tsuntsaye. Ta yi aiki da nau'ikan siffofi daban-daban, tun daga tukwanen shayi zuwa manyan wuraren ibada, kuma ta yi amfani da launuka masu haske, na ƙasa da jikin yumbun terracotta.  Amfani da launi yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga yanayin fasaharta. 

Game da shigarta, The Last Garden Party, Doherty ta ce, "Yana da mahimmanci a nuna yanayin motsin raina a cikin wannan aikin." 

Doherty ta sami digirin BFA daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kansas City a shekarar 1977 da kuma digirin MFA daga Kwalejin Fasaha ta Jihar New York da ke Alfred, New York a shekarar 1981. A shekarar 1988 ta fara koyarwa a sashen zane-zane a Jami'ar Massachusetts, Dartmouth. [1]

Doherty tana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na New Bedford.  An zaɓe ta a matsayin memba a Majalisar Ilimi ta Ƙasa don Fasahar Ceramic (NCECA) a shekarar 1997. 

An haifi Karon Doherty a Tacoma, Washington. Ta auri Louis Doherty, wanda suka yi aiki tare a wasu ayyukan kafofin watsa labarai da yawa.  Ta mutu a ranar 11 ga Yuni, 1999, sakamakon bugun zuciya. 

Ayyukan Doherty suna cikin tarin Gidajen Tarihi na Fasaha na San Francisco : https://art.famsf.org/karen-doherty/teapot-20041441

## Manazarta