Edgar Anderson

**Edgar Shannon Anderson** (9 ga Nuwamba, 1897 - 18 ga Yuni, 1969) masanin tsirrai ne ɗan Amurka.   Ya gabatar da kalmar *"introgressive hybridization"*  kuma littafinsa na 1949 na wannan taken ya kasance na asali kuma muhimmiyar gudummawa ga ilimin halittar tsirrai .  Aikinsa kan canja wuri da asalin daidaitawa ta hanyar haɗakar halitta ya ci gaba da kasancewa mai mahimmanci.  

An zaɓe Anderson a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a 1934.  A 1954, an zaɓe shi memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa .  Ya kuma kasance shugaban Ƙungiyar Botanical Society of America a 1952,  kuma memba ne na ƙungiyar Nazarin Juyin Halitta  da Ƙungiyar Herb Society of America  Ya sami lambar yabo ta Darwin-Wallace ta ƙungiyar Linnean a 1958. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Anderson a Forestville, New York .  Lokacin da yake ɗan shekara uku, iyalinsa sun ƙaura zuwa East Lansing, Michigan inda mahaifinsa ya karɓi aikin koyar da kiwon kiwo.  

## Sana'a

Anderson ya karɓi matsayin masanin ilmin kwayoyin halitta a Lambun Botanical na Missouri a shekarar 1922. An naɗa shi mataimakin farfesa a fannin ilmin tsirrai a Jami'ar Washington da ke St. Louis . Bincikensa ya mayar da hankali kan haɓaka dabarun ƙididdige bambancin yanayin ƙasa a cikin *Iris versicolor* . Anderson ya gano wanzuwar wani nau'in halitta na biyu, *Iris virginica* . 

A shekara ta 1929, Anderson ya sami tallafin karatu don yin karatu a Cibiyar Horticultural ta John Innes da ke Burtaniya, inda ya yi aiki tare da masanin kimiyyar cytogenetic CD Darlington, masanin kididdiga RA Fisher, da kuma masanin kwayoyin halitta JBS Haldane . Fisher ya yi amfani da bayanan Anderson kan nau'ikan irises guda uku masu alaƙa a matsayin misali don nuna hanyoyin ƙididdiga na rarrabuwa kuma daga baya ya zama sananne sosai a cikin al'ummar koyon injina, kodayake sau da yawa ana kwatanta shi da bayanan iris na Fisher .  

Anderson ya koma Amurka a shekarar 1931 ya kuma sami aiki a Arnold Arboretum da ke Harvard inda ya yi aiki tare da masanin ilmin kwayoyin halitta Karl Sax . A shekarar 1935 ya koma Lambun Botanical na Missouri kuma a shekarar 1937 ya sami matsayin Farfesa na Engelmann a fannin ilmin tsirrai a Jami'ar Washington da ke St. Louis . Tsakanin 1934 da 1938 ya yi aiki galibi a Tradescantia . Shi ne farkon wanda ya gabatar da kalmar "introgressive hybridization" .

A shekarar 1941, an gayyaci Anderson ya gabatar da Lakcocin Jesup a Jami'ar Columbia tare da Ernst Mayr, inda suka tattauna rawar da kwayoyin halitta ke takawa wajen tsara tsarin tsirrai. Duk da haka, ba kamar sauran masu gabatar da Lakcocin Jesup ba, waɗanda za a ɗauke su a matsayin tushen juyin halitta na zamani, Anderson bai taɓa kammala rubutun da ke tare da shi ba don *Systematics da asalin nau'ikan halittu* . Madadin haka, ya mayar da hankalinsa ga *[[Masara|Zea mays]]*   yana mai jaddada buƙatar yin nazarin tsirrai na daji da na noma. 

Anderson ya buga *Introgressive Hybridization* a shekarar 1949, inda ya bayyana canja wurin kwayoyin halitta tsakanin siffofin hybridizing,  da kuma rawar da introgression ke takawa a cikin speciation.  Ya kuma rubuta shahararren littafin kimiyya *Plants, Man, and Life* (1952), wanda wani mai sharhi ya bayyana a matsayin "littafi da ya kamata kowane masanin tsirrai da masanin ɗan adam ya karanta".  Anderson ya kasance darektan Missouri Gardens na ɗan lokaci a shekarar 1954, amma ya koma koyarwa a shekarar 1957. Ya yi ritaya a hukumance a shekarar 1967. 

Anderson abokin aiki ne na kud da kud kuma abokiyar Esther Lederberg .  Sun halarci taron dakin gwaje-gwaje na Cold Spring Harbor .  Anderson abokin abokan aiki ne na kud da kud, kamar JBS Haldane  da G. Ledyard Stebbins . 
 

## Manazarta