Kamfanin Tarihin Halitta na Bombay

**Ƙungiyar Tarihin Halitta ta Bombay** (**BNHS** ), wadda aka kafa a ranar 15 ga Satumba, 1883, tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a Indiya waɗanda ke gudanar da bincike kan kiyayewa da bambancin halittu .  Tana tallafawa ƙoƙarin bincike da yawa ta hanyar tallafi kuma tana buga *[[Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|Mujallar Ƙungiyar Tarihin Halitta ta Bombay]]* . An danganta fitattun masana kimiyyar halitta da yawa, ciki har da masana kimiyyar tsuntsaye Salim Ali da S. Dillon Ripley, da ita. 

## Tarihi

Mafarauta 'yan Birtaniya a Bombay sun kafa ƙungiyar farauta a kusa da 1811, ayyukansu sun haɗa da hawa da karnukan farauta da harbi. Sir Bartle Frere ya sami goyon bayan farautar Bombay daga 1862. An kafa ƙungiyar tarihin halitta, wataƙila daga ƙungiyar Bombay Geographical Society, a 1856 ta Doctors Don (na Karachee), Andrew Henderson Leith (likitan fiɗa), George Buist, da Henry John Carter tare da Lawrence Hugh Jenkins, magatakarda na Kotun Ƙoli a wancan lokacin. Ƙungiyar ba ta wuce shekaru uku ba.  A ranar 15 ga Satumba, 1883, mutane takwas da ke sha'awar tarihin halitta sun haɗu a Bombay a Gidan Tarihi na Victoria da Albert (yanzu Gidan Tarihi na Bhau Daji Lad ) kuma: 

A cewar EH Aitken (sakataren girmamawa na farko, Satumba 1883-Maris 1886), Dr. D. MacDonald shine ** (Latin Latin don "tushe da asali") na ƙungiyar.  Sauran waɗanda suka kafa su ne Dr. GA Maconachie, Kanar C. Swinhoe, Mr. JC Anderson, Mr. J. Johnston, Dr. Atmaram Pandurang da Dr. Sakharam Arjun .  Mr. HM Phipson (sakatare na biyu na girmamawa, 1886–1906) wani ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar da ta kafa ta. Ya ba da wani ɓangare na shagon giyarsa da ke 18 Forbes Street ga BNHS a matsayin ofis. 

A shekarar 1911, RC Wroughton, memba na BNHS kuma jami'in gandun daji, ya shirya wani bincike kan dabbobi masu shayarwa da ke amfani da mambobi a cikin yankin Indiya don samar da samfura. Wannan wataƙila shine binciken tarihin halitta na farko da aka yi tare a duniya. Ya haifar da tarin samfura 50,000 a cikin shekaru 12. An gano sabbin nau'ikan halittu da dama, an buga littattafai 47, kuma an inganta fahimtar iyakokin yanayin halittu. 

A farkon shekarun nan, *Mujallar BNHS* ta yi bitar adabin zamani daga wasu sassan duniya. An sake duba bayanin hulɗar tururuwa da tsuntsaye a cikin Jamusanci ta Erwin Stresemann a cikin wata fitowar 1935 wanda ya kai ga gabatar da kalmar *anting* cikin Turanci.

A yau, hedikwatar BNHS tana cikin 'Hornbill House' da aka gina musamman a kudancin Mumbai . Tana daukar nauyin bincike kan namun daji da kiyaye namun daji na Indiya, kuma tana buga mujallar wata-wata hudu, *Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society*, da kuma mujallar kwata-kwata, *Hornbill* .

BNHS abokiyar hulɗa ce ta BirdLife International a Indiya. Ma'aikatar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta sanya ta a matsayin 'Ƙungiyar Binciken Kimiyya da Masana'antu'. Hedkwatarta tana Mumbai kuma tana da cibiya ɗaya ta yanki a Cibiyar Bincike da Horarwa ta Wetland, kusa da Tafkin Chilika, Odisha.

## Tambarin BNHS
Tambarin BNHS babban ƙaho ne, wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi daga wani babban ƙaho mai suna William, wanda ya zauna a harabar Ƙungiyar daga 1894 zuwa 1920, a lokacin sakatare na girmamawa na HM Phipson har zuwa 1906 da WS Millard daga 1906 zuwa 1920.  An ƙirƙiri tambarin a 1933, shekarar cika shekaru na zinare na kafa Ƙungiyar.

### William
A cewar HM Phipson, an haifi William a watan Mayu na shekarar 1894 kuma H. Ingle na Karwar ya gabatar da shi ga ƙungiyar watanni uku bayan haka. Ya kai tsawonsa cikakke (  ) a ƙarshen shekararsa ta uku. Abincinsa ya ƙunshi 'ya'yan itace (kamar plantain da ɓaure na daji) da kuma beraye masu rai, kunamai, da nama marar danye, waɗanda yake ci da daɗi.  Da alama bai sha ruwa ba, kuma bai yi amfani da shi wajen wanka ba.  An san William da kama ƙwallon tennis da aka jefa masa daga nesa da bakinsa na kimanin ƙafa 30. 

A cikin littafin tarihin rayuwarsa na WS Millard, Sir Norman Kinnear ya yi wadannan kalamai game da William: 

## Manazarta