Aubrey Mokoena

**Aubrey Dundubela Mokoena** (12 Afrilu 1948 - 12 Yuli 2021) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma tsohon mai fafutukar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata. Ya wakilci jam’iyyar African National Congress (ANC) a majalisar wakilai ta ƙasa  daga shekarun 1994 zuwa 2014, sai dai a shekarar 2009 na ɗan takaitaccen lokaci. Ya yi aiki a mazaɓar Gauteng kuma ya jagoranci kwamitin Fayil kan Harkokin Cikin Gida daga shekarun 1999 zuwa 2002.

An haife shi a Soweto, Mokoena ya yi fice a lokacin mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata a matsayin mai fafutukar ganin bakar fata a Turfloop, inda ya kasance jagora a kungiyar ɗaliban Afirka ta Kudu da majalisar wakilan ɗalibai a lokacin zanga-zangar ɗalibai na shekarar 1972. A cikin shekarar 1980s, ya shiga cikin United Democratic Front of the Southern Transvaal, wanda a cikinta ya kasance babban memba na yakin Sakin Mandela da Kwamitin Rikicin Winnie Mandela. Hakanan ya kasance wanda ake tuhuma a cikin gwajin cin amanar ƙasa na Pietermaritzburg na shekarar 1985.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Mokoena a ranar 12 ga watan Afrilu 1948  a Orlando West, wani gari a wajen Johannesburg wanda ba da daɗewa ba ya zama wani ɓangare na Soweto.  Iyayensa sun fito ne daga Jihar Orange Free amma sun ƙaura zuwa yankin Johannesburg don neman aiki, kuma sun kasance ba su da matsuguni na ɗan lokaci har sai da suka sami matsuguni a cikin sabon mazaunin da James Mpanza ya kafa. Domin mahaifiyarsa ba ta da lafiya, Mokoena wani ɗan’uwa ne daga wani abokin iyali, Anna Khomo.  Mahaifinsa, Steven Mokoena, ya kasance memba mai kwazo na Cocin Methodist Episcopal Church da kuma na African National Congress (ANC), kuma dangi sun shiga cikin ƙauracewa makaranta - bayan gabatar da tsarin ilimin Bantu na zamanin wariyar launin fata  kuma a cikin ƙauracewa dankalin turawa. 

## Gwagwarmayar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata

### Black Consciousness
Bayan kammala karatunsa, Mokoena ya sami aikin koyarwa a tsohuwar makarantar sakandarensa har zuwa shekara ta 1970, lokacin da aka ba shi bursary don yin rajista a Jami'ar Arewa a Turfloop.  A Turfloop, ya zama mai fafutuka a cikin gwagwarmayar Black Consciousness mai tasowa, inda ya jagoranci rassa na gida na ƙungiyar Ɗaliban Afirka ta Kudu (SASO) da Harkar Kirista ta Ɗalibai. Ya kuma kasance mataimakin shugaban majalisar wakilan ɗalibai na Turfloop, wanda ya wakilci Onkgopotse Tiro.  A shekara ta 1972, ya gaji Tiro a matsayin shugaba kuma a wannan matsayin ya gayyaci Tiro don yin jawabi a bikin yaye ɗalibai na shekara-shekara.  Jawabin, mai tsananin watsi da nuna wariyar launin fata da Ilimin Bantu, ya haifar da korar Tiro daga Turfloop, wanda hakan ya zaburar da zanga-zangar ɗalibai a duk faɗin ƙasar wanda ya ƙara karfafa yunkurin ɗaliban da kuma ƙungiyar Black Consciousness. 

An kori Mokoena daga Turfloop sakamakon zanga-zangar amma ya shiga Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu don ci gaba da karatunsa. Ya kuma zama shugaban sashin Transvaal na Shirye-shiryen Al'umma na Black Community, reshen wayar da kan jama'a na taron Baƙar fata.  A cikin watan Satumba na 1974, gwamnatin nuna wariyar launin fata ta kaddamar da yaki da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na Black Consciousness bayan zanga-zangar goyon bayan FRELIMO da ƙungiyar SASO ta shirya don murnar 'yancin kai na Mozambik; An tsare Mokoena ne a daidai lokacin da aka gudanar da zanga-zangar kuma an tsare shi tsawon watanni tara ba tare da an tuhume shi ba.  A wani abin da ake kira "Black Wednesday" a watan Oktoban 1977, bayan boren Soweto, an sake tsare shi, kuma bayan an sake shi harkokin siyasa ya ci gaba da takura masa ta hanyar dokar hanawa.  

### Yunkurin majalisa
A ranar Larabar Baƙar fata, gwamnati ta kuma haramtawa ƙungiyoyin Black Consciousness 18, ciki har da SASO da taron jama'ar baƙi. Bayan ƙarewar dokar hana shi a shekarar 1983, Mokoena bai shiga cikin sabbin ƙungiyoyin Black Consciousness ba  amma a maimakon haka ya shiga cikin jagorancin United Democratic Front (UDF), wanda ke haɗe da ANC mai gudun hijira.   Bayan zanga-zangar adawa da sabuwar majalisar Tricameral a shekarar 1984, an tsare shi da wasu mutane goma sha biyar kuma an tuhume shi da laifin cin amanar ƙasa  a cikin Kotun Kolin cin amanar ƙasa ta Pietermaritzburg. An fara shari'ar ne a cikin shekarar 1985  kuma ta ci gaba har zuwa Disamba na wannan shekarar, lokacin da aka janye tuhumar da ake yi masa.  Amma duk da haka an sake kama Mokoena a cikin watan Maris 1986 - a tsakiyar taron manema labarai game da harin kone-kone a ofisoshin Johannesburg na Kwamitin Sakin Mandela   - kuma bayan an sake shi an ba da umarnin hana shi. 

A tsakanin da kuma bayan lokacin da ya yi a tsare, Mokoena ya kasance babban memba na UDF's Release Mandela kamfen, bayar da shawarwari a ƙasa da kuma na duniya don a saki Nelson Mandela,   kuma, a cikin shekarar 1988, ya kasance babban memba na Mandela 70 Committee, zaɓa don shirya wani "concert na zaman lafiya" a Johannesburg don bikin Mandela na gida bakwai.   A cikin shekarar 1988, ya zama memba na Kwamitin Rikicin Winnie Mandela, wanda UDF ta kafa a Soweto don gudanar da hargitsin da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Winnie Mandela ta shuka da kuma rashin mutunci mai alaka; daga baya ya bayyana gaban kwamitin gaskiya da sulhu domin bada shaida akan ayyukan kwamitin.  Ya shiga jam'iyyar ANC a hukumance bayan dakatar da ita a shekarar 1990 a lokacin da ake tattaunawar kawo ƙarshen mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata. 

## Majalisa: 1994-2014
A zaɓen farko da aka gudanar bayan mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata a ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1994, an zaɓi Mokoena a matsayin wakilin jam'iyyar ANC a majalisar dokokin ƙasar, ɗan majalisar wakilai ta sabuwar majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu.  An sake zaɓen shi a shekarar 1999 da 2004 kuma ya yi aiki a mazaɓar Gauteng.   A wani ɓangare na wa'adinsa na farko a majalisa, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kwamitoci,   amma an fi saninsa da zama shugaban kwamitin Fayil kan Harkokin Cikin Gida daga shekarun 1999 zuwa 2002.

Zamansa a cikin kujera a watan Satumba 1999 ya fara inuspiciously, tare da 'yan adawa Democratic Party kira gare shi ya sauƙa don kauce wa rikici na sha'awa: shi ne kuma shugaban wani baƙar fata consortium, Rainbow, wanda, tare da Concor, kwanan nan ya lashe kwangilar jihar don gina gidan kurkuku a kusa da Kokstad.  A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, kwamitin ya shagaltu da aiwatar da dokar shige da fice.   Mokoena, wanda *Mail &amp;amp; Guardian* ya bayyana a matsayin "shugaban mulkin mallaka da cikas",  ya zargi masu suka da jinkirta aiwatar da kudirin,  kuma ANC ta fuskanci matsin lamba daga jam'iyyun adawa don maye gurbinsa.  A shekara ta 2002, jam'iyyar ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta zaɓi Mpho Scott don maye gurbin Mokoena a matsayin shugaban daga ranar 1 ga watan Mayu, inda Mokoena ya koma baya.  

Mokoena bai samu halartar taron majalisar dokokin ƙasar na ɗan lokaci ba bayan babban zaɓen shekara ta 2009, inda ya kasa samun nasarar sake tsayawa takara. Duk da haka, ya dawo ba da daɗewa ba a cikin wa'adin majalisa, a ƙarshen watan Nuwamba 2009, lokacin da aka rantsar da shi don cike gurbi na yau da kullun da ya taso a cikin Gauteng caucus bayan da Frans Masango ya mutu.  Ya bar majalisar tarayya na dindindin bayan zaɓen shekara ta 2014. 

## Mutuwa
Mokoena ya yi aure kuma ya haifi 'ya'ya.  A cikin watan Oktoba 1999, an sace shi a wajen gidansa a Orlando East, Soweto.   Ya mutu ranar 12 ga watan Yuli, 2021. 

## Manazarta