Kisan kiyashi a Baga, 2015

**Kisan kiyashin na Baga na shekarar 2015** wani jerin kashe-kashe ne da ƙungiyar ta'addanci ta Boko Haram ta kai a garin Baga da ke arewa maso gabashin Najeriya a jihar Borno, tsakanin 3 ga watan Janairu zuwa 7 ga watan Janairun 2015.

An fara kai harin ne a ranar 3 ga watan Janairu lokacin da ƴan Boko Haram suka mamaye wani sansanin soji da ke hedikwatar rundunar haɗin gwiwa ta ƙasa da ƙasa da ke ɗauke da dakaru daga Chadi, Nijar da Najeriya. Daga nan ne mayakan suka tilastawa dubban jama'ar yankin, inda suka yi ta kashe-kashen jama'a wanda ya kai ga ranar 7 ga wata.

An ba da rahoton asarar rayuka “dayawa” amma ba a san iyakarsu ba. Kafofin yaɗa labarai na Yamma sun ruwaito cewa an kashe "sama da mutane 2,000" ko kuma "ba a ji duriyarsu ba", amma kafofin yaɗa labaran cikin gida sun ba da rahoton mutuwar "a kalla mutum dari", yayin da ma'aikatar tsaron Najeriya ta ce ƙasa da mutane 150 ne aka kashe, ciki har da maharan. Jami’an gwamnati da dama sun musanta cewa adadin waɗanda suka mutu ya yi yawa kamar yadda aka ruwaito, wasu ma na ikirarin cewa ba a taɓa yin kisan gilla ba ko kuma sojojin Najeriya sun fatattaki ‘yan bindigar daga yankin, lamarin da jami’an yankin da waɗanda suka tsira da ransu  (daga harin), da kafofin watsa labarai na duniya suka musu ta iƙirarin na jami'an gwamnatin.

Garin Baga da aƙalla wasu garuruwa 16 ana tunanin an ruguza su, yayin da aka ce sama da mutane 35,000 ne suka rasa matsugunansu, inda ake fargabar wasu da dama sun nutse a lokacin da suke kokarin tsallakawa tafkin Chadi da wasu da suka maƙale a tsibirai a tafkin. Hare-haren an ce sun yi sanadin kai hare-haren Boko Haram zuwa sama da kashi 70% na jihar Borno, yayin da shugaban ƙungiyar, Abubakar Shekau, ya ɗauki alhakin kisan kiyashin a wani sakon faifan bidiyo, yana mai cewa "ba su da yawa" kuma kungiyar ta tawaye "ba zasu daina ba".

## Wai-wa-ye.
Garin Baga, a jihar Borno, ya kasance wurin da wani sansanin sojojin Najeriya da ke zama hedikwatar rundunar hadin gwiwa ta *Multinational Joint Task Force* (MNJTF), rundunar ƙasa da ƙasa ta sojojin Najeriya da Nijar da kuma Chadi da aka kafa a shekarar 1994 domin tunkarar kan iyakar boda, matsalolin tsaro da kuma a baya-bayan nan, yakar ta’addancin yan ƙungiyar Boko Haram. A saboda haka ne ake kyautata zaton garin na da muhimmiyar ma'ana ga ƙungiyar Boko Haram, kasancewar shi ne babban gari na karshe a Arewacin jihar Borno da ke ƙarƙashin ikon gwamnatin Najeriya, kuma wani muhimmin sansanin soji na dakarun gwamnati da na ƙasa da ƙasa.

## Kisa da hare-hare.

An fara kai hare-haren ne a ranar 3 ga watan Janairu, lokacin da Mayaƙan Boko Haram da dama suka kwace garin Baga suka mamaye hedikwatar MNJTF da sansanin soji da ke garin. 

### An kai hari hedikwatar MNJTF
A cewar Sanata Ahmed Zanna, wanda ke wakiltar gundumar Borno ta tsakiya, sojojin gwamnati - duk da kasancewar hedkwatar hadin gwiwa, sojojin Najeriya ne kawai suke a can a lokacin - sun yi tir da 'yan ta'addan, waɗanda suka "kai hari daga kowane bangare", na tsawon sa'o'i. amma daga ƙarshe "sun saje cikin fararen hula da ke tserewa cikin daji". Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa sun kwace maƙami da motoci da dama kamar yadda Zanna ta bayyana.

A kwanakin da suka biyo bayan harin, mayakan sun tilastawa mazauna garin Baga shiga ƙauyukan da ke kewaye. A yammacin ranar Talata, 6 ga watan Janairu, wasu mazauna yankin biyu sun ba da rahoton cewa Mayaƙan sun fara ƙona gine-ginen yankin ta hanyar amfani da bama-baman fetur da bama-bamai, kuma a cewar waɗanda suka tsira sun ci gaba da kashe mutanen da suka rage. A ranar 9 ga watan Janairu, wani mazaunin garin, ya bayyana girman barnar da aka yi ta hanyar bayar da rahoton cewar, "Babu wani gida ɗaya da ke tsaye a wurin (ba'a rushe ko lalata shi ba)." A cewar Musa Bukar, shugaban ƙaramar hukumar Kukawa, an lalata dukkanin kauyuka 16 na karamar hukumar, kuma ko dai an kashe mazaunansu ko kuma an tilasta su, sun gudu.

### Yawan mace-mace
Har yanzu dai ba a san girman kisan ba, kuma rahotanni (da aka haɗa) sun bambanta.

A cewar Human Rights Watch:
Ba a san ainihin adadin mutanen da suka mutu a Baga da wasu kauyuka 16 da ke kewaye ba, inda aka yi kiyasin “da dama” zuwa 2000 ko sama da haka. "Babu wanda ya tsaya ya ƙirga gawarwakin," wani mazaunin yankin ya shaida wa Human Rights Watch. "Dukkanmu muna gudu ne domin mu fice daga garin a gaban mayakan Boko Haram da suka karɓe iko da yankin".

Bukar ya bayyana cewa an kashe sama da mutane dubu biyu. Zanna ya ce dubu biyu “ba a ji duriyarsu ba”; wasu majiyoyin sun ce an kashe “da dama” ko kuma “fiye da ɗari”. Aƙalla mutane 100 ne suka mutu a harin farko na ranar 3 ga watan Janairu, a cewar Baba Abba Hassan, hakimin gundumar, daga baya ya ƙara da cewa "har yanzu akwai  ɗaruruwan gawarwaki birjik a kan titunan garin" kuma mata da yara da dama na daga cikin waɗanda harin ya rutsa da su. bayan da Mayaƙan suka bi su cikin daji.

Sai dai Hassan, ya musanta cewa harin na ranar 7 ga watan Janairu bai taɓa faruwa ba, kuma adadin waɗanda suka mutu 2,000 "abin takaici ne". Wasu majiyoyin gwamnati da dama sun yi watsi da iƙirarin adadin mace-macen da aka yi, wanda ke nuna cewa ya ragu sosai. Sai dai gwamnatin Najeriyar ta yi watsi da yawan hare-haren da ƴan ƙungiyar Boko Haram ta kai a baya-bayan nan, kuma a lokuta da dama, ciki har da kisan kiyashin da aka yi a garin Baga a shekarar 2013, inda mayakan Boko Haram da sojojin Najeriya ke da hannu wajen kashe fararen hula sama da mutane 200.

## Bayan nan, da Rikicin 'yan gudun hijira.
Amnesty International ta fitar da hotunan tauraron dan adam da aka ɗauka a ranakun 2 da 7 ga watan Janairu wanda ke nuna cewa a Garin Baga, mai girman ƙasa da murabba'in kilomita biyu, kusan gine-gine 620 ne suka lalace ko kuma aka lalata su gaba ɗaya. A Doron Baga, mai nisan kilomita 2.5, jiragen kamun kifi da suke a rana ta 2 ba a gamsu ba a yanzu, kuma "fiye da gine-gine 3,100 ne suka lalace ko kuma aka lalata sakamakon gobara da ta shafi mafi yawan garin mai faɗin murabba'in kilomita 4."

Daniel Eyre, wani mai bincike na kungiyar Amnesty International a Najeriya ya bayyana cewa: “Harin Baga da garuruwan da ke kewaye da shi, da alama zai iya zama mafi muni da ƙungiyar Boko Haram ta kai a cikin jerin munanan hare-hare da ƙungiyar ke kai wa. Idan ta tabbata rahotanni da aka bayar na yawan gidaje da aka lalata a yankin gaskiya ne to suma ɗaruruwan da aka kashe ko ma fararen hula dubu biyu ne aka kashe shima gaskiya ne, wannan ya nuna tashin hankali da zubar da jini na hare-haren da Boko Haram ke ci gaba da kai wa fararen hula.”

Maina Maaji Lawan, tsohon gwamnan jihar Borno, kuma Sanata mai wakiltar yankin Borno ta Arewa a yanzu, ya yi tambaya kan dalilin da ya sa aka ce sojoji sun tsere daga sansanin, yana mai cewa: “Lallai akwai wani abu da ba daidai ba da ya sa sojojin mu suka yi watsi da mukamansu a kowanne lokacin da aka kai hari daga Boko Haram.”  Wannan ya biyo bayan yawaitar sojojin Najeriya da yawansu ya kai ɗari, waɗanda suka tsere daga filin daga a yaƙin da suke da mayaƙan Boko Haram a yakin. A cewar Lawan, harin na nufin kashi 70% na jihar Borno a yanzu za su kasance ƙarƙashin ikon Boko Haram.

### Rikicin 'yan gudun hijira
A ranar 7 ga watan Janairu, mai magana da yawun gwamnati ya bayyana cewa an yiwa ‘yan gudun hijira 1,636 rajista bayan harin. A cewar rahotanni masu zaman kansu da jami’an yankin, an yi tunanin aƙalla mutane dubu 35,000 sun tsere daga yankin. "Gawawwakin sun bazu a kan tituna", a cewar waɗanda suka tsira, yayin da ake tunanin daukacin al'ummar Baga sun gudu, wasu zuwa Kamaru da Cadi. Kimanin mutane dubu 20,000 ne suka nemi mafaka a sansanin da ke kusa da Maiduguri, babban birnin jihar Borno, da kuma wasu 10,000 a Monguno suna jiran a kai su (can sansanin). Bukar ya ce a yanzu garin ya kasance “kusan babu shi. Masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin bil’adama na yankin sun bayyana cewa wasu mata da suka tsere daga garin sun shaida musu cewa an yi garkuwa da ‘ya’yansu mata, wasu ‘yan ƙasa da shekaru 10.

Firaministan kasar Cadi Kalzeubet Pahimi Deubet ya bayyana cewa aƙalla ƴan Najeriya dubu 2,500 da ƴan kasar Chadi su 500 ne suka nemi mafaka a makwabciyar ƙasar sakamakon hare-haren, wasu daga cikinsu dake ƙoƙarin tsallake tafkin Chadi cikin kwale-kwalen sun lodi fiye da kima. Yawancin waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin tsallakawa tafkin ana fargabar sun nutse, yayin da ɗaruruwan wasu sama da dari biyar suka maƙale a mabanbanta tsibiran da ke cikin tafkin. A cewar jami'an yankin da suka yi magana da ƴan gudun hijira ta wayar tarho, ƴan gudun hijirar suna "mutuwar rashin abinci, sanyi da zazzabin cizon sauro" a ɗayan "tsibirin da sauro yayi wa ƙawanya".

## Martani da Suka.
Masu sharhi da dama sun soki abin da suke ganin rashin isassun rahotannin kisan kiyashi a kafafen yaɗa labarai na ƙasa da ƙasa *newsmedia*, lamarin da ke nuni da yadda ake nuna son kai ga al'amuran da suka shafi nahiyar afirka. Wasu kuma sun yi Allah-wadai da matakin da gwamnatin Najeriya da kafafen yaɗa labarai na cikin gida suke yi ko kuma suka yi watsi da hare-haren, inda suka ƙara da cewa rashin jin daɗin jama'ar ƙasar ne a karshe ya haifar da irin kulawar da ƙafafen yaɗa labarai na kasashen waje suka ɗauka kan kisan gilla. An yi la'akari da martanin da jami'an gwamnati suka bayar na da alaƙa da zaɓen shugaban ƙasar da aka yi kaca-kaca da shi a Wannann shekara, (2015).

Da farko jami'an tsaron gwamnati sun bayyana cewa "dakarun sansani sun awaken da aka aje su" kuma cikin sauri suka musanta cewa an kai hari a Baga. Wata jarida mai goyon bayan gwamnati, ta nakalto wani masunta na yankin, ta yi ikirarin cewa a maimakon haka sojojin Najeriya sun yi wa ƴan Boko Haram ‘mummunan illa’ a garin Baga, kuma garin na ƙarƙashin ikon gwamnati. Hafsan Hafsoshin Sojoji, Air Marshal Alex Badeh, da farko ya musanta cewa an karɓe iko da hedikwatar MNJTF amma daga baya ya yarda cewa an kwace iko da wurin.

Wurin da aka kai harin a jihar Borno mai nisa da ke arewa maso gabashin ƙasar, wanda mafi yawansa ke hannun ƴan Boko Haram, da kuma “kamar yadda tashe-tashen hankulan Najeriya ke faruwa a kai a kai ya ragu” dangane da rashin ingancin labarin kisan kiyashin. Masana sun yi nuni da cewa an danne kafafen yaɗa labarai a jihar Borno, inda a lokuta da dama shaidun da ke da bayanai ba su da alaƙa da kafafen yaɗa labarai, sannan kuma maganganun da sojoji ke yi ba su da inganci. Ana kuma ganin jaridun Najeriya ba su bayar da cikakken labarin harin da aka kai a Baga ba. Wani kwararre ya ce: "Kafofin yada labarai na cikin gida sun ɗauki labarin ne kawai bayan da BBC ta ba da labarin. Wannan ya faru ne saboda ana ci gaba da tashe-tashen hankula a cikin shekarar da ta gabata kuma mutane suna ƙara ruɗewa."

Jaridu da yawa ba su bayar da rahoton kisan gilla kwata-kwata ba, kuma waɗanda suka yi, a lokuta da dama, ko dai sun yi nuni da harin farko na farko a ranar 3 ga watan Janairu kuma sun ba da alƙaluma da yawa fiye da waɗanda ke yawo a wasu wurare. Wani kanun labarai na wata jarida ya bayyana cewa "BBC ta yi ƙarya" wajen bayar da rahoton cewa an kai hari na biyu na 7 ga Janairu.

### Goodluck Jonathan
Masu sharhi da dama sun soki kafafen yaɗa labarai na ƙasa da ƙasa kan rashin bayar da labarin kisan kiyashin, musamman idan aka kwatanta da na harin da aka kai a birnin Paris na hare haren *Charlie Hebdo* (wanda bama akasar ya faru ba), a kwanaki kaɗan da suka gabata. Sai dai kuma, shugaba Goodluck Jonathan, a lokacin da yake kamfen ɗin sake tsayawa takara a Enugu da jam’iyyarsa ta Peoples Democratic Party a ranar 8 ga watan Janairu, da kansa ya yi Allah wadai da abubuwan da suka faru a birnin Paris a matsayin “mummunan harin ta’addanci”, tare da ƙauracewa yin wani sharhi kan kisan kiyashin da aka yi a Baga. Rashin yin tsokaci kan hare-haren da Jonathan ya yi ya janyo masa suka bama a iya kasar ba, a duniya baki ɗaya; Julius Malema, shugaban jam'iyyar *Economic Freedom Fighters* ta kasar Afirka ta Kudu mai ra'ayin riƙau, kuma tsohon shugaban ƙungiyar matasan jam'iyyar *Youth League* mai mulki, ya tozarta Jonathan, yana mai cewa:

A ranar 14 ga watan Janairu, Goodluck, tare da babban hafsan tsaron kasa Badeh, mai baiwa shugaban ƙasa shawara kan harkokin tsaro, Sambo Dasuki, da wasu manyan kwamandojin soji da dama, sun kai ziyarar bazata a birnin Maiduguri, inda suka gana da gwamnan Borno, Kashim Shettima, a filin jirgin saman birnin, a wuri da aka tsaurara tsaro. Ziyarar ta kasance cikin sirri "kuma Jonathan bai ce uffan ba game da ziyarar tasa ko hare-haren da aka kai a wurin. A ranar 16 ga watan Janairu, mambobin ƙungiyar *Young Global Leaders*, *World Economic Forum|of the World Economic Forum*, ciki har da Hafsat Abiola-Costello, ɗiyar marigayi zaɓaɓɓen shugaban ƙasa M.K.O. Abiola, ya wallafa wata buɗaɗɗiyar wasiƙa a cikin jaridar *The Guardian* zuwa ga Jonathan inda ya buƙace shi da ya daina yin shiru kan hare-haren, yana mai cewa “ya gamu da bala’i da rashin sanin makamar aiki”, martani na kama da martanin da ya yi akan sace ‘yan matan makarantar Chibok.

## Manazarta