Waitara, New Zealand

**Waitara** wani gari ne a arewacin yankin Taranaki na Tsibirin Arewa New Zealand . Waitara tana kusa da babbar Hanyar Jiha 3, kilomita 15 (9.3  arewa maso gabashin New Plymouth.

Waitara ita ce shafin da aka fara Yakin Taranaki a 1860 bayan yunkurin sayen ƙasa ga Mazauna Burtaniya daga masu mallakarta Māori. Rikici game da ƙasar da Gwamnati ta kwace daga baya ya ci gaba har zuwa yau.

Akwai labaru daban-daban game da asalin sunan *Waitara*. Ɗaya shi ne cewa asalinsa *Whai-tara* ne - "hanyar doki" - ana kiransa saboda Whare Matangi ya bi hanyar doki don neman mahaifinsa Ngarue. Wani kuma shi ne cewa Turi ya ba shi suna daga babban saurinsa yayin da yake haye ruwan kogi. Wani kuma shi ne cewa Turi ya kira shi *Waitarangia* saboda sanyi na ruwa ya shafi fatarsa. Duk da haka wani abu shi ne cewa yana nufin "kogin dutse". A shekara ta 1867 an sanya sunan ƙauyen Raleigh, bayan Sir Walter Raleigh . Ya koma ga tsohon sunansa tare da kafa yankin Waitara a cikin 1904.

## Tarihi da al'adu

### Tarihin Farko
Kafin mulkin mallaka na Turai, Waitara ta kasance a kan babbar hanyar ƙasa tsakanin gundumomin Waikato da Taranaki. Rushewar pā da yawa a duk tsaunuka masu tsawo a cikin gundumar suna nuna kusanci da kuma kalubalantar mallakar, kafin da farkon lokutan Turai, ta kabilun daban-daban. Whalers da sealers, wadanda suka zo daga arewacin arewa, sun sami taimako kuma sun kafa dangantaka da Māori na gida a farkon karni na 19, amma an bar yankin sosai a cikin 1820s da 1830s bayan yaƙi tsakanin mazaunin Te Āti Awa iwi (ƙabilar) da waɗanda ke cikin iwi daga arewacin Auckland zuwa Waikato. An kai wasu Te Āti Awa zuwa Waikato a matsayin fursunoni da bayi, amma mafi yawansu sun yi ƙaura zuwa Yankin Cook Strait don neman bindigogi da kayayyaki daga masu kamun kifi da 'yan kasuwa.

Mazauna Pākehā waɗanda suka zo New Plymouth (wanda aka kafa a 1841) a cikin shekarun 1840 da 1850 sun kalli Waitara da ke kusa da su a matsayin mafi daraja daga cikin ƙasashen bakin teku na Taranaki saboda ƙasa mai kyau da tashar jiragen ruwa mafi girma. Kamfanin New Zealand ya tsara shirye-shirye don daidaitawa daga New Plymouth zuwa bayan Waitara, kuma ya sayar da tubalan ga baƙi duk da rashin tabbacin cewa sayen farko na kamfanin na ƙasar ya kasance halal. Kamfanin ya yi iƙirarin cewa Te Āti Awa ya watsar da ƙasar ko ya rasa mallakarta, saboda nasarar da Waikato Māori ya yi.  (Kwamitin Land Claims daga baya ya amince da wannan ra'ayi, amma daga baya Gwamna Robert FitzRoy (a ofis 1843-1845) ya ki amincewa da shi, kamar yadda Kotun Waitangi ta yi a 1996. ) 

### Yaƙin Taranaki na farko
Rikicin tsakanin mazauna da Māori na gida ya fara ne tun a watan Yulin 1842, lokacin da aka kori mazauna da suka mallaki ƙasa a arewacin Kogin Waitara daga gonakin su. Bayan shekara guda maza, mata da yara 100 sun zauna a hanyar masu binciken don rushe binciken ƙasar don sayarwa.

Tsakanin Maris da Nuwamba 1848 Wiremu Kīngi Te Rangitāke, wani shugaban Te Āti Awa wanda ya yi tsayayya da sayar da ƙasa a yankin Waitara, ya koma gundumar daga Waikanae tare da kusan maza 600, mata da yara da wasu dabbobi don sake mallakar ƙasar. Sun kafa albarkatun alkama, oats, masara da dankali, suna sayar da shi ga mazauna da kuma fitarwa; mabiyansa sun kuma yi aiki a gonakin mazauna. Kotun Waitangi ta lura cewa kungiyar ta mallaki dawakai 150 da shanu 300.

Duk da adawar Kingi duk da haka, jami'an gwamnati sun biya bashin a asirce ga mutanen Maori don yiwuwar sayar da ƙasa a yankin Waitara, wanda ya haifar da tashin hankali tsakanin waɗanda ke tallafawa da adawa da sayar da ƙasa.

A shekara ta 1857 batun ya kai ga ci gaba tare da tayin sayar da fili a Waitara da Turangi, da ke gaba zuwa arewa, da wasu mutane biyu, Īhāia Te Kirikūmara da wani ƙaramin sarki, Pokikake Teira.  Yankin Teira mai girman eka 600 (hectare 240) Waitara, wanda ke yammacin kogin Waitara kuma aka fi sani da shingen Pekapeka, ya zama jigon takaddama tsakanin gwamnatin mulkin mallaka (wanda ke wakiltar mazauna) da kuma Māori game da hakkin daidaikun mutane na sayar da filayen da Māori ke ɗauka a matsayin mallakar al'umma.  Rikicin ya haifar da barkewar yaki a Waitara a ranar 17 ga Maris 1860, lokacin da sojoji 500 suka fara bama-bamai na Kingi's Te Kohia pā, wanda aka gina kwanaki biyu kafin.   A ƙarshen Maris, na kāinga huɗu a cikin shingen Pekapeka (Te Whanga, Kuikui, Hurirapa da Wherohia), Hurirapa kawai, al'ummar da Ihaia da Teira ke jagoranta, suka rage.  Sojojin Masarautar sun kafa Camp Waitara zuwa kudu na shingen Pekapeka, a tsohon wurin Pukekohe pā, wanda ya zama tushe na 40th Regiment, kuma yana daya daga cikin mafi girma a cikin kasar.  Yaƙin, wanda sojojin 2,300 na Imperial suka yi yaƙi kimanin 1,400 Māori, ya shafe watanni 12 kafin a yi shawarwarin tsagaita wuta. 

A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1999 Gwamnatin New Zealand ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Shugabannin tare da Te Āti Awa don daidaita da'awarta, wani tsari wanda zai samar da diyya ta kudi da neman gafara don kwace ƙasar.

### Marae

Kairau Marae yana da gidan taro na Te Hungaririki, kuma wuri ne na taro ga Pukerangiora hapū na Te Āti Awa .  A watan Oktoba 2020, Gwamnati ta ba da $ 300,080 daga Asusun Ci Gaban Lardin don inganta marae, samar da ayyuka 15.

Ōwae ko Manukorihi Marae suna nuna Te Ikaroa gidan taro na Māui kuma marae ne na Te Āti Awa hapū na Manukorih, Ngāti Rāhiri da Ngāti Te Whiti .  A watan Oktoba 2020, Gwamnati ta ba da $ 360,002 don inganta marae da wani marae, samar da ayyuka 15.

## Yawan jama'a
Waitara ta mamaye  km2  sq   kuma tana da ƙididdigar yawan mutane 7,730 a watan Yunin 2024,  tare da yawan jama'a na mutane  a kowace km2.

Before the 2023 census, the town had a smaller boundary, covering . Using that boundary, Waitara had a population of 6,918 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 435 people (6.7%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 627 people (10.0%) since the 2006 census. There were 2,613 households, comprising 3,369 males and 3,543 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.95 males per female, with 1,512 people (21.9%) aged under 15 years, 1,311 (19.0%) aged 15 to 29, 2,799 (40.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 1,296 (18.7%) aged 65 or older.

Kabilun sun kasance 72.4% Turai / Pākehā, 43.1% Māori, 3.5% Mutanen Pacific, 1.5% Asiya, da 1.6% sauran kabilun. Mutane na iya nuna kansu da kabilanci fiye da ɗaya.

Adadin mutanen da aka haifa a kasashen waje ya kasance 6.3, idan aka kwatanta da 27.1% a cikin ƙasa.

Kodayake wasu mutane sun zaɓi kada su amsa tambayar ƙidayar game da alaƙar addini, 54.9% ba su da addini, 30.4% Kirista ne, 2.0% suna da Addinin Māori, 0.2% Hindu ne, 0.1% Musulmi ne, 0.2% Buddha ne kuma 1.4% suna da wasu addinai.

Daga cikin wadanda aƙalla shekaru 15, mutane 342 (6.3%) suna da digiri na farko ko mafi girma, kuma mutane 1,821 (33.7%) ba su da ƙwarewa. Mutane 339 (6.3%) sun sami sama da $ 70,000 idan aka kwatanta da 17.2% a cikin ƙasa. Matsayin aiki na wadanda aƙalla 15 shine cewa mutane 2,298 (42.5%) suna aiki na cikakken lokaci, 657 (12.2%) sun kasance na ɗan lokaci, kuma 351 (6.5%) ba su da aikin yi.

## Tattalin Arziki
Tashar jiragen ruwa ta farko a Taranaki don shiga kasuwancin duniya ita ce Waitara, a cikin 1823, lokacin da jirgin ruwa *William Stoveld* ya rataye a bakin kogi kuma ya yi ciniki tare da Māori.

Tare da kafa Ayyukan daskarewa a 1872 tashar jiragen ruwa ta zama mafi mahimmanci ga Lardin. Koyaya kogin yana da mashaya a ƙofar sa wanda za'a iya haye shi ne kawai a lokacin da ruwa ya yi yawa. Tare da ci gaban wani ruwa a tashar jiragen ruwa a New Plymouth, da kuma hanyar jirgin kasa zuwa New Plymus tashar jiragen kasa ta Waitara da sauri ta zama mara muhimmanci. Ginin layin dogo tsakanin Waitara da New Plymouth ya fara ne a watan Agustan 1873. A lokacin da aka buɗe layin a ranar 14 ga Oktoba 1875, garin yana da tashar jiragen ruwa, gidajen bugawa guda biyu, masana'antar sabulu da kyandir, masana'antun ƙarfe, filin ginin jirgin ruwa, masana'antu biyu, masana-kayan kwalliya da masana'antar fata.

Daga 1887 tattalin arzikin Waitara ya dogara da cinikin nama mai daskarewa - na farko zuwa Burtaniya kuma tun lokacin da aka kirkiro Kasuwar Turai, zuwa ƙasashen Asiya. Sai dai ga wasu kayayyaki na farko daga Waitara, an kai nama mai daskarewa zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta New Plymouth ta hanyar jirgin kasa.

A cikin 1902 Thomas Borthwick and Sons (Australasia) Ltd, wani reshe na wani kamfani na Burtaniya, ya sayi kamfanin Waitara Freezing and Cold Storage Company a Waitara. Har zuwa shekara ta 1998, ayyukan daskarewa sun dauki ma'aikata tsakanin 1000 da 1500, wanda shine mafi girman ma'aikaci a cikin gari tare da yawan jama'a tsakanin 3000 da 5000. A cikin 1990, Borthwicks ya sayar da ayyukan Waitara ga AFFCO Holdings.

A cikin 1995 AFFCO ta rufe ayyukan Waitara tare da mummunar asarar aiki a garin. Rufewar ta biyo bayan rufe masana'antar tufafi ta Swanndri, ƙaramin masana'antar taron mota ta Subaru da kuma masana'antar wanke ulu. Adadin marasa aikin yi a garin ya tashi daga 700 zuwa 1000, yana taimakawa wajen bunkasa rashin aikin yi na yankin Taranaki, wanda ya hada da New Plymouth da Waitara, zuwa kashi 9.8, idan aka kwatanta da matsakaicin kasa na kashi 6.7. Rashin ayyukan yi ya shafi ma'aikatan Maori ba tare da daidaituwa ba saboda suna da wakilci sosai a cikin ma'aikatan ma'aikata. Maori sun kasance sau 3.4 fiye da wadanda ba Maori ba su zauna a cikin halin "marasa kyau". Bayan rufewa, an rushe mafi yawan gine-ginen da suka hada da ayyukan daskarewa na Waitara, wanda ya canza yanayin gari sosai (yankin da ke dama a gefen kogi a cikin hoton Waitara da ke ƙasa, shine shafin yanar gizon daskarewa).

ANZCO Foods Group daga baya ya gina shuka don ƙera ƙananan kayan kamar salami, sausages da hamburger patties a shafin yanar gizon daskarewa. Koyaya, AFFCO ta je kotu don tilasta wa shekaru 20 wanda ke ƙuntata sarrafa nama da ayyukan da ke tattare da shi a shafin. Ya yi nasara a duka Kotun Koli da Kotun daukaka kara wajen hana sabon masana'antar budewa, kodayake an ba da izinin wani reshe na ANZCO ya ci gaba da amfani da firiji da kayan sanyaya a can. An ce kamfanonin biyu sun cimma yarjejeniya. ANZCO yanzu tana aiki daga shafin, kuma ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ma'aikata a cikin garin.

Kodayake ayyukan daskarewa sun kasance tushen tattalin arziki na Waitara, sama da shekaru 75 tsire-tsire sun fitar da jini, sharar gidaje da magudanar ruwa daga gidajen yanka, sarƙoƙi da wuraren fata kai tsaye zuwa cikin Kogin Waitara, ƙasa da kilomita 3 daga teku, da kyau a cikin yankin ruwa. Ko da bayan an gina fitowar teku tare da hadin gwiwar tsarin sharar gida na majalisa, a sauraron Kotun Waitangi a Waitara, Maori na yankin sun ba da shaida cewa suna da "...haɗin tarihi tare da bakin teku a wannan yanki kuma sun dogara da albarkatun teku don samar musu da abincin da suka saba da shi na ƙarni da yawa.....don haka gurɓatawar wani reef zai hana hapu wanda ya saba da shi ga abincin teku daga reef".&nbsp;

Manyan tsire-tsire biyu na petrochemical yanzu sune mafi mahimmancin ayyukan masana'antu a Waitara. An sadaukar da shukar Kwarin Waitara don samar da methanol daga iskar gas (kimanin tan 1500 a kowace rana). Kamfanin Motunui, wanda da farko an yi shi ne don samar da man fetur daga methanol an gyara shi don samar da methanol mai sinadari don fitarwa. Yawan tsadar man fetur na roba da kuma karancin farashin kasuwa ya sa tsarin ya zama rashin tattalin arziki a lokacin. Motunui yana da manyan gine-ginen katako guda biyu mafi girma a kudancin kogin kuma girman su ne kawai, a ko'ina cikin duniya, ta wurin haikalin Buddhist Tōdai-ji a Nara, Japan . An rufe masana'antar Motunui a cikin Disamba 2004, kuma an sake farawa a cikin 2008. An gina wani wurin samar da albarkatun mai a bakin teku na Pohokura kusa da shi.

Garin ya ci gaba da kasancewa cibiyar sabis ga bangaren noma, musamman a arewa da arewa maso gabas. Aikin noma a cikin Waitara ya haɗa da kiwo, shanu don nama, tumaki don naman sa ulu, 'Ya'yan itace - galibi kiwifruit - sauran aikin lambu ciki har da itatuwa da shrub nursery, da kaji don nama da ƙwai.

## Wasanni
An kafa kungiyar Waitara Cricket Club ta asali a watan Oktoba 1878, tare da Mista J. Elliot da aka zaba a matsayin kyaftin din kulob din. Mista L. Issit a matsayin sakatare da kuma mai ba da kuɗi da kwamitin da ya kunshi Mista Bayly, Tutty da Smith. An saita biyan kuɗi na shekara-shekara ga membobin a 10s. An zaɓi launuka na kulob din don su kasance daidai da Waitara Boating Club, "scarlet da fari".

An fara kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Waitara a cikin 1905, kuma an samo asali ne a yankin Pukekohe (Camp Reserve), Browne Street, Waitara .  Wasan farko da kulob din ya buga shi ne da New Plymouth A.F.C. a yammacin 18 ga Mayu 1905. Waitara ya jagoranci a farkon wasan, sannan New Plymouth ya zira kwallaye uku don nasarar 3-1. A kakar wasa ta farko a gasar zakarun Taranaki, kulob din ya lashe kofin Julian.

## Ilimi
Waitara High School ita ce kawai makarantar sakandare (shekaru 9-13) a Waitara tare da juzu'i na 455.  Makarantar ta yi bikin shekaru 60 a shekara ta 2007. 

Manukorihi Intermediate wata makaranta ce ta tsakiya (shekaru 7-8) tare da juzu'i na 224.  Ya yi bikin cika shekaru 25 a shekarar 1999.

Makarantar Waitara ta Tsakiya da Makarantar Waitar ta Gabas suna ba da gudummawa ga makarantun firamare (shekaru 1-6) tare da ɗakunan 129  da 211,  bi da bi. Waitara ta tsakiya ta yi bikin cika shekaru 125 a shekara ta 2000.

Makarantar St Joseph cikakkiyar makarantar firamare ce (shekaru 1-8) tare da juzu'i na 69. Makarantar Katolika ce ta jihar.

Dukkanin wadannan makarantu suna da haɗin kai. Rolls sun kasance a watan Maris na shekara ta 2025.

## A cikin al'adun gargajiya
A cikin 2020, an nuna Waitara a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen gaskiya na *Taranaki Hard* . 

## Shahararrun mutane
Howie Tamati

## Manazarta