Kudin ragewa

**Kudin ragewa** shine farashin rage mummunan muhalli kamar gurɓataccen yanayi. Farashin iyaka shine ra'ayi na tattalin arziki wanda ke auna farashin ƙarin raka'a. **Kudin raguwa**, gabaɗaya, yana auna farashin rage ƙarin ɗayan gurɓataccen. Kudin raguwa na gefe kuma ana kiransa "farashin gefe" na rage irin waɗannan abubuwan muhalli.

Kodayake farashin raguwa na gefe na iya zama mara kyau, kamar lokacin da ƙananan zaɓin carbon ya fi rahusa fiye da zaɓin kasuwanci-kamar yadda aka saba, farashin raguwa sau da yawa yana ƙaruwa sosai yayin da aka rage ƙarin gurɓataccen yanayi. A wasu kalmomi, ya zama mafi tsada [fasaha ko canje-canje na ababen more rayuwa] don rage gurɓata bayan wani batu.

Ana amfani da farashin raguwa na gefe a kan tsayin daka na raguwa, wanda ke nuna farashin raguwa da ƙarin raguwa a gurɓataccen yanayi.

## Amfani da shi
'Yan kasuwa na carbon suna amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga don samun aikin samarwa don tsara mahimman farashin carbon. Kamfanonin wutar lantarki na iya amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdigat don jagorantar yanke shawara game da dabarun saka hannun jari na dogon lokaci don zaɓar daga cikin zaɓuɓɓuka masu yawa da zaɓuɓɓukan ƙarni. Masana tattalin arziki sun yi amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga don bayyana tattalin arzikin kasuwancin carbon na yankuna. Masu tsara manufofi suna amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga a matsayin ƙididdigan ƙididdigal, don nazarin yadda za'a iya yin raguwa a cikin tattalin arziki a wane farashi, kuma inda ya kamata a ba da umarni ga manufofi don cimma raguwar fitarwa.

Duk da haka, bai kamata a yi amfani da lanƙwasa farashin rage farashi a matsayin lanƙwasa samar da rage farashi ba  (ko kuma ya dace da lanƙwasa tsari) don yanke shawara kan matakan da za a aiwatar domin cimma wani burin rage hayaki mai gurbata muhalli. Hakika, zaɓuɓɓukan da suka lissafa za su ɗauki shekaru da dama kafin a aiwatar da su, kuma yana iya zama mafi kyau a aiwatar da matakai masu tsada amma masu yuwuwa kafin a gabatar da matakai masu rahusa.

## Rashin amincewa
Hanyar da ake gina ƙididdigar ƙididdigas ƙididdigal an soki ta saboda rashin nuna gaskiya da rashin kulawa da take yi na rashin tabbas, yanayin lokaci-lokaci, hulɗa tsakanin sassa da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci. Har ila yau, akwai damuwa game da matsayi mai son kai wanda ke faruwa idan wasu zaɓuɓɓukan da aka haɗa suna da farashi mara kyau.  

## Misalan ƙididdigar ƙididdigatattun ƙididdigas
A duk duniya, nazarin farashi na raguwa ya nuna cewa inganta ingancin makamashi na gine-gine da maye gurbin masana'antun wutar lantarki da ke amfani da burbushin halittu tare da sabuntawa yawanci sune hanyoyin da suka fi tsada don rage hayakin carbon.

Masana tattalin arziki daban-daban, kungiyoyin bincike, da masu ba da shawara sun samar da ƙididdigar ƙididdigat. Bloomberg New Energy Finance  da McKinsey & Company  sun samar da nazarin tattalin arziki game da rage fitar da iskar gas ga Amurka. ICF International  ta samar da takamaiman tsarin California biyo bayan Dokar Maganin Warming na Duniya ta 2006 kamar yadda Sweeney da Weyant suka yi. 

Cibiyar Wuppertal don Yanayi, Muhalli da Makamashi ta samar da ƙididdigar ƙididdigat da yawa ga Jamus (wanda ake kira Cost Potential Curves), dangane da hangen nesa (mai amfani, kayan aiki, al'umma). 

Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka ta yi aiki a kan raguwar farashin farashi don fitar da hayaki ba tare da carbon dioxide ba kamar methane, N2O, da hydrofluorocarbons. Enerdata da Laboratory na Tattalin Arziki na Fitarwa da Haɗin kai- Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kasa (Faransa) tana samar da ƙananan farashin farashi tare da hangen nesa akan Tsarin Makamashi na Tsawon Lokaci (POLES) don tsarin iskar gas na Kyoto Protocol 6. An yi amfani da waɗannan ƙuƙwalwar ga 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na jama'a da masu zaman kansu ko dai don tantance manufofin carbon  ko ta hanyar amfani da kayan aikin nazarin kasuwar carbon.

Shirin ci gaban makamashi mai ƙarancin carbon na Bankin Duniya na 2013 don Najeriya,  wanda aka shirya tare da Bankin Duniya, yana amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdigatattun ƙididdigal da aka kirkira a cikin Analytica. 

## Dubi kuma

* Tattalin arzikin muhalli
* Kudin da aka kashe
* Kudin zamantakewa

## Manazarta