Yaƙin Mocímboa da Praia

A ranar 27 ga Yuni, 2020, masu jihadi daga al-Shabaab sun kai hari garin Mocímboa da Praia a Lardin Cabo Delgado na Mozambique. Mayakan Al-Shabaab sun kai hari kan birnin bayan mummunan zalunci da gwamnatin Mozambican ta yi wa fararen hula, kuma a cikin hare-haren su, sun lalata gidaje kuma sun kashe karin fararen hula. Wani yunkuri na Mozambican da aka taimaka wa 'yan kwangila na Afirka ta Kudu na Dyck Advisory Group sun sabunta fada a cikin birni, tare da sukar' yan kwangila saboda harbe-harbe da suka yi wa fararen hula.

## Tarihi
'Yan bindiga na Islama da suka haɗa kai da Jihar Islama - Lardin Afirka ta Tsakiya (ISCAP) suna yin tawaye da gwamnatin Mozambican a arewacin Lardin Cabo Delgado tun 2017. Sojojin gwamnatin Mozambican sun kaddamar da hari kan Ahlu Sunna wal Jama'a (ASWJ), babbar ƙungiyar jihadi a Cabo Delgado, 'yan makonni kafin harin a ranar 27 ga Yuni, kuma sun sake kwace birnin daga masu jihadi a ranar 9 ga Yuni.

A cikin makon da ya kai ga yaƙin, an zargi sojojin Mozambican a Mocimboa da Praia da aikata ta'addanci wanda ya kasance "mai tsanani har ma da yawa sun bayyana harin a matsayin martani kai tsaye ga tashin hankali na gwamnati. "  A cikin unguwar Nanduadua na garin, sojojin gwamnati sun yi wa mata fyade kuma sun kama maza da ake zargi da kasancewa masu tayar da kayar baya a lokacin hare-kofa a ranar 25 ga Yuni.  Mai ba da izini na yankin ya ji mummunan rauni wanda bai iya yin kira ga addu'a ba washegari, kuma da yawa daga cikin waɗanda aka kama sun ji rauni sosai a tsare, tare da ɗaya ya mutu. An kuma gano gawarwakin mutane ashirin da shida a ranar 26 ga Yuni, wanda aka kama mazauna da aka gano a matsayin fararen hula da suka gabata.

Har ila yau, sojojin gwamnati sun sace fararen hula a ƙauyukan da ke kewaye da Mocimboa da Praia, kuma sun rushe manema labarai a cikin birni. Wadannan zalunci sun tilasta samari su shiga cikin rukunin masu jihadi.

## Yaƙi
Mayakan ASWJ sun kai hari kan birnin a kusa da karfe 4 na safe a ranar 27 ga Yuni. Mayakan sun kaddamar da harin daga matakai da yawa, tare da wasu suna shiga yaƙi tare da sojojin gwamnati a kudancin garin da wasu ke mamaye gine-ginen gwamnati da 'yan sanda a tsakiyar garin. Masu jihadi sun yi amfani da RPGs da SPG-9 tare da tururuwa na 82mm, amfani da tururuwan farko a cikin tawaye, kodayake an rubuta su a cikin ganimar ASWJ da aka kama a watan Mayu. A cikin harin farko, mayakan ASWJ sun lalata gidajen farar hula da ababen more rayuwa, kuma sun kashe kuma sun sace fararen hula. Kamar yadda yawancin mayakan sun fito ne daga Mocimboa da Praia, yawancin hare-haren farar hula sun kasance sakamakon korafe-korafe tsakanin mayakan da wadanda abin ya shafa, kodayake wasu kashe-kashen sun kasance gaba ɗaya. Sojojin Mozambican sun kori harin farko da masu jihadi suka yi, amma an mamaye su a harin na biyu. Sojojin Mozambican, lokacin da suka fahimci cewa ana mamaye su, sun yi ƙoƙari su haɗu da fararen hula, wanda ya haifar da ASWJ ta kwace birnin ba tare da hamayya ba. Wasu sojoji na Mozambican sun ɓoye a bankin garin, amma an kashe su duka. Da zarar ya mallaki garin, ASWJ ya sace barikin soja da ginin gudanarwa na gundumar, tare da yanke sabis na wayar salula zuwa garin. ASWJ ta ci gaba da kashe fararen hula yayin da suke yawo a cikin birni bayan kama shi.

Duk da cewa an kore su daga garin a ƙasa, sojojin Mozambican da 'yan kwangila na Afirka ta Kudu daga Dyck Advisory Group (DAG) sun kaddamar da hare-hare ta iska. Jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu guda uku da 'yan kasuwa na DAG suka yi amfani da su sun harbe kai tsaye zuwa Mocimboa da Praia "don fitar da masu tayar da kayar baya", yayin da sojojin Mozambican suka kaddamar da karamin hari a ƙasa. Wani farar hula a garin ya bayyana cewa biyu daga cikin helikofta ba su harbe wani rukuni na fararen hula da hannayensu sama ba, kuma wani rukuni tare da wasu 'yan fashi da aka saka duk an harbe su. Wani mazaunin ya bayyana cewa jirage masu saukar ungulu na DAG sun lalata asibitin garin, yayin da masu jihadi ke ciki suna tunanin cewa ba za a lalata asibitun ba. Bayan haka, jirage masu saukar ungulu "sun harbe komai da kowa", ba tare da nuna bambanci tsakanin masu jihadi da fararen hula ba. Wata majiya da ke kusa da DAG ta bayyana cewa an kashe mayakan ASWJ goma sha biyu, kuma an kashe soja daya na Mozambican kuma wasu goma sha uku sun ji rauni. Wani tushe ya bayyana cewa harin da gwamnatin Mozambican ta yi ya haifar da fada mai tsanani a ranar 27 ga Yuni, amma a ƙarshe bai iya fitar da masu jihadi ba. Kwamandan sojojin Mozambican, Horacio Arosio Charles, an kashe shi a cikin fada.

## Sakamakon haka
Yawancin mazauna sun tsere daga fada ta hanyar mangroves, suna kan hanyar zuwa ƙauyen Pemba. Sauran sun gudu ta jirgin ruwa zuwa tsibirai kamar Muichanga .  Jiragen ruwa sun dauki 'yan gudun hijira daga Pemba zuwa wasu yankuna a arewacin Cabo Delgado a cikin kwanaki bayan yakin. Lokacin da mazauna suka dawo, an watsar da gawawwakin a duk faɗin birnin. A cikin wata hira da aka yi da shi a ranar 7 ga watan Yuli, magajin garin Mocimboa da Praia Carlos Momba ya bayyana cewa babu "ba a cikin ababen more rayuwa" a garin. Har yanzu ana gano gawawwakin a unguwar Muengue da 30 a watan Yuli, inda rikice-rikice suka fi tsanani. Masu jihadi sun ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin garin, tare da rubutun da ke goyon bayan Islama da ke bayyana a watan Yuli. Rashin ababen more rayuwa da kuma tsoron da ake yi na yaƙi na biyu ya tilasta wa wasu fararen hula su gudu zuwa Awasse da Mueda.

Gwamnatin Mozambican ta yi ikirarin sake dawo da birnin a ranar 29 ga Yuni.  Jiragen saman DAG sun ci gaba da harbi ba tare da nuna bambanci ba a cikin garin a cikin kwanaki bayan yakin, sannan suka harbe su cikin gandun daji inda yawancin masu jihadi, fararen hula, da masu garkuwa suka tsere. Wani imam da ASWJ ta yi garkuwa da shi DAG ta kashe shi a cikin dazuzzuka. Laifukan yaki da DAG ta aikata da kuma harbe-harbe a kan fararen hula an soki su sosai daga tushe na kare hakkin dan adam kamar Amnesty International da Cibiyar Dimokuradiyya da Ci Gaban. Masu tayar da kayar baya sun kasance a kan manyan hanyoyin fita da ƙofofin birnin har zuwa 3 ga Yuli, suna sace mata daga ƙauyukan da ke kusa. Masu tayar da kayar baya sun sake wani hari kan birnin a watan Agusta, sun kama shi.

## Ƙarin karantawa

* Cabo Ligado Weekly: 22-28 Yuni 2020, Wurin Rikicin Makamai da Bayanan Taron Taron
* Mozambique: "Abin da na gani shine mutuwa", laifukan yaki a cikin Cape da aka manta da Mozambique; Amnesty International

## Bayanan da aka ambata