Ka'idodin Lexington akan 'Yancin' Yanci

**Ka'idodin Lexington** akan 'Yancin Masu Rukunin (Ka'idodin Lexton) ƙungiya ce ta ƙa'idodin tsarin ƙasa da ƙasa waɗanda ke nuna ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya a yankin kula da fursunoni. An kammala **Ka'idodin Lexington** kuma an buga su a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 2009. Kayan aikin ya kunshi ka'idoji 45 da ƙididdigar da aka shirya ta kwamitin edita na ɗaliban shari'a na aikin. Babban manufar masu tsara ka'idodin Lexington shine don taimakawa juyin halitta na tsarin mulki na **[[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]** bayan hukuncin Kotun Koli ta Amurka a cikin Boumediene v. Bush . Duk da yake kowane ka'ida ya dogara ne akan **dokar kasa da kasa**, an tsara duk tanadi don sauƙaƙe shigar da ka'idoji a tsaye a cikin tsarin shari'ar cikin gida na Amurka da sauran ƙasashe na doka.

## Tarihi

### Manufar Shirin Ka'idodin Lexington
"Manufar Lexington Principles Project ita ce ta shiga cikin al'ummomin duniya don bayyanawa da ƙarfafa ka'idojin kasa da kasa da suka shafi tsarin doka da kuma kula da mutanen da aka tsare saboda zargin ayyukan ta'addanci, da kuma inganta tsarin da aka saba da su, daidai da shawarar Hukumar 9/11 a kan wannan batun. " 

### Hukumar 9/11
A ranar 22 ga Yuli, 2004, Hukumar 9/11 ta ba da rahoto game da hare-haren ta'addanci na 11 ga Satumba, 2001. A cikin wannan rahoton, hukumar ta ba da shawarwari da yawa ga jami'an gwamnatin Amurka kan yadda za a kare Amurka daga yaduwar ta'addanci na duniya. Dangane da ka'idojin kula da fursunoni, Hukumar ta ba da shawarar cewa:" (t) ya kamata Amurka ta shiga cikin abokanta don bunkasa hanyar hadin gwiwa ta yau da kullun game da tsare-tsare da kuma kula da 'yan ta'adda da aka kama. Sabbin ka'idoji na iya amfani da Mataki na 3 na Yarjejeniyar Geneva kan dokar rikice-rikicen makamai. Wannan labarin an tsara shi ne musamman don waɗancan lokuta inda dokokin yaƙi na yau da kullun ba su aiki ba. "An yarda da mafi ƙarancin ƙa'idodinsa a duk duniya a matsayin al'ada. " Fadar White House ta amsa shawarar Hukumar 9-11 tare da wannan sanarwa:"Amurka ta yi aiki tare da abokan hadin gwiwa game da tsare da kuma kula da 'yan ta'adda da aka kama, kuma tana buɗewa don bincika ko "hanyar hadin gwiwa ta yau da kullun" tana yiwuwa kuma ta dace da tsaronmu na kasa". Watanni goma sha bakwai bayan haka Hukumar 9/11 ta sake haduwa don daidaita ci gaban gwamnati kan aiwatar da kowane shawarwari 41 da aka bayyana a cikin Rahoton. Hukumar ta ba da "F" ga shawarar hukumar game da "Ka'idojin hadin gwiwa don Tsayar da Ta'addanci".

Don bayyana bayar da darajar da ta kasa dangane da bin wannan shawarar da gwamnati ta bayar, Hukumar ta bayyana cewa:"Amurka ba ta shiga cikin tsarin hadin gwiwa na yau da kullun don bunkasa ka'idoji don tsare da gurfanar da 'yan ta'adda da aka kama ba. Lalle ne, yadda Amurka ke kula da wadanda aka tsare ya haifar da zargi mai yawa, kuma ya sa ya zama da wuya a gina kawancen da ake bukata don yin aiki tare da abokan tarayya a yakin duniya kan ta'addanci. " 

### Jami'ar Washington da Lee
Farfesa da tsofaffi da yawa a **[[Washington and Lee University|Jami'ar Washington da Lee]]** sun nemi taimakawa wajen aiwatar da shawarar Hukumar 9/11 ta hanyar fara tattaunawa tsakanin masu aikin soja da masana shari'a da nufin gano babban ƙarshen ka'idojin kasa da kasa da suka shafi maganin masu tsare-tsare. Sun kirkiro The Lexington Principles Project kuma sun fara dogon tsari na bincike da bincike wanda ya ƙare a cikin bugawa na Draft Lexington Principals on the Rights of Detainees a ranar 25 ga Satumba, 2008. An amince da waɗannan ka'idojin da aka tsara kuma an buga su a cikin tsari na ƙarshe a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 2009, tare da bayanan da dalibai suka shirya.

## Hanyar da ake amfani da ita

### Codifying Gold Standard a cikin Transnational Detainee Treatment Standards
Wadanda suka halarci aikin Lexington Principles Project ba sa son kawai sake dawo da ka'idojin kasa da kasa da ke akwai. Kungiyoyi da yawa sun riga sun yi wannan aikin kuma irin wannan ƙoƙari zai kasance mai yawa, kuma mai yiwuwa ma ya zama mai fa'ida ga haɓaka hanyar duniya don kula da fursunoni. Don haka aikin ka'idojin Lexington ya yi niyyar bunkasa ka'idoji masu ci gaba da fahimtar ka'idojoji mafi girma da aka tsara a cikin dokar kasa da kasa da tsarin shari'a na cikin gida na ƙasashen waje.

##### 1. Ka'idar 43: Hakkin Samun dama ga Tarihin Tambayoyi na Jiki
Duk mutanen da ke fuskantar hanyoyin yin tambayoyi ta jiki ta Jiha ya kamata a ba su cikakken damar yin amfani da bayanan da suka shafi irin waɗannan tambayoyin.

##### 2. Ka'idar 44: Hakkin samun isasshen kiwon lafiya, abinci mai gina jiki, da motsa jiki
Duk mutanen da aka hana 'yancinsu ya kamata a ba su isasshen kiwon lafiya, abinci mai gina jiki, da kuma damar motsa jiki da ake buƙata don kula da lafiyar jiki da tunani a lokacin tsare.

##### 3. Ka'idar 45: Hakkin Gudanar da Addini
Duk mutanen da aka hana 'yancinsu ya kamata a ba su masauki mai ma'ana da ake bukata don ba da izinin kiyaye addini daidai da ka'idodin bangaskiyarsu ko ka'idojin lamirinsu.

## Dubi kuma

### Dokar leken asiri ta Amurka

* Tambaya

### 'Yancin Dan Adam

* Tarihin 'yancin ɗan adam
* 'Yancin Dan Adam

### Dokar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya

* Sanarwar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya, 1948
* Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam, 1950
* Yarjejeniyar kan kawar da dukkan nau'o'in nuna bambanci na launin fata, 1969
* Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa, 1976
* Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da azabtarwa, 1987
* Yarjejeniyar kan kawar da dukkan nau'o'in nuna bambanci ga mata, 1981
* Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Yara, 1990
* Yarjejeniyar Hakki na Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai, 2000

## Manazarta