Stamford, Connecticut

**Stamford** (/ˈstæmfərd/) birni ne a cikin Fairfield County, Connecticut, Amurka, tana da nisan mil 34 (55 kilomita) daga wajen Birnin New York. Ita ce birni na shida mafi yawan jama'a a New England. Stamford kuma ita ce birni mafi girma a Yammacin Connecticut, kuma birni na biyu mafi yawan jama'a a Connecticut, bayan Bridgeport. Tare da yawan mutane 135,470, Stamford ya wuce Hartford da New Haven a yawan jama'a kamar yadda kididdigar 2020 ta kasance. Yana cikin Yankin ƙididdigar birni na Bridgeport-Stamford-Danbury, wanda yake wani ɓangare na yankin birni na New York (musamman, New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-da duka Yankin Ƙididdigar PA).

Ya zuwa 2023, Stamford gida ce ga kamfanoni takwas na Fortune 500  da kuma ƙungiyoyi masu yawa na manyan kamfanoni. Wannan ya sa birnin ya zamo Gundumar kudi mafi girma a yankin New York a waje da Birnin New York kuma daya daga cikin manyan kamfanoni na kasar. Kasuwanci masu rinjaye na tattalin arzikin Stamford sun haɗa da gudanar da kudi da dukiya, yawon bude ido, fasahar bayanai, kiwon lafiya, sadarwa, sufuri, da siyarwa. Yankin birni yana da kwalejoji da jami'o'i ciki har da UConn Stamford da Kwalejin Al'umma ta Norwalk.

## Tarihi
An san Stamford da suna Rippowam ga mazaunan Siwanoy 'Yan asalin Amurka na yankin, kuma mazauna Turai na farko a yankin sun kira shi hakan. Sunan yanzu ya fito ne daga garin Stamford, Lincolnshire, Ingila. An sanya hannu kan aikin ga Stamford a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 1640, tsakanin Kyaftin Turner na New Haven Colony da Cif Ponus . A karni na 18, daya daga cikin manyan masana'antu na garin shine sayar da ruwa, wanda zai yiwu saboda kusanci da Stamford zuwa New York.

A shekara ta 1692, an Farautar Mayu Stamford duk da cewa da bai shahara ba sosai kamar na lokacin Shari'ar Mayu na Salem, wanda kuma ya faru a shekara ta 1692. Zarge-zargen basu yi tsauri ba sosai kuma basu girmama ba sosai, amma kuma sun zama sanannun ta hanyar tsegumi da zuzutawa.

Birnin New Canaan ta rabu da Stamford a hukumance lokacin da aka kafa ta a matsayin gari a 1801, daga bisani kuma Darien ya rabu a 1820.

Farawa a ƙarshen karni na 19, mazaunan New York sun gina gidajen bazara a bakin tekun, kuma wasu sun koma Stamford har abada kuma sun fara tafiya zuwa Manhattan ta jirgin kasa. An kafa Stamford a matsayin birni a shekara ta 1893.

Daga karshen 1945 zuwa Afurelun 1946, fiye da ma'aikat 3,000 daga kamfanin  city's Yale & Locke, ma'aikata mafi girma a Stamford a wannan lokacin, suka tafi yajin aiki. Yajin aikin ya janyo hankula a duk fadin kasar bayan kungiyar ta yanke shawarar ranar mataki a ranar 3 ga watan Junairun 1946, wanda ya janyo akalla ma'aikata 20,000, suka yi yajin aikin bada hadin kai a birane da manyan birane da ke kewaye, kuma ya janyo tsayawa cak da ayyuka a Downtown Stamford. Farfesa George Lipsitz ya kirashi da "yajin aikin duka gari a Amurka a cikin shekaru goma sha biyu".

A cikin 1950, Ofishin Ƙididdigar Amurka ta ba da rahoton yawan jama'ar birnin a matsayin 94.6% fari da 5.2% baki.

A cikin shekarun 1960 da 1970, dukiyar kasuwanci ta Stamford ta bunƙasa yayin da kamfanoni suka koma daga Birnin New York zuwa yankuna na kewaye. Babban kamfen na sake gina birane a wannan lokacin ya haifar da cikin gari tare da gine-ginen ofisoshi masu yawa. Kamfanin F.D. Rich shi ne mai haɓaka sabunta birane na gari a cikin wani aiki mai gudana, mai rikitarwa wanda ya fara a cikin shekarun 1960 kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa shekarun 1970. Kamfanin ya kafa abin da ya fi tsayi a birnin, One Landmark Square, a hawa 21, da kuma ginin GTE (yanzu One Stamford Forum), tare da Otal din Marriott, Cibiyar Stamford Town da sauran gine-ginen ofisoshi da yawa. One Landmark Square tun daga lokacin da aka karkatar da shi ta hanyar sabon hasumiyar Park Tower Stamford mai hawa 34, kuma ta hanyar ci gaban Atlantic Station, wani aikin Kamfanin Rich tare da haɗin gwiwar Cappelli Enterprises. A cikin shekaru, wasu masu haɓakawa sun shiga cikin gina gari, tsari wanda ya ci gaba a cikin shekarun 1980 da 1990 da kuma cikin sabon karni

Tun daga shekara ta , wani aikin sake fasalin 80 acre (32-hectare) na haɗin gwiwa don unguwar Sta's Harbor Point ya kara ƙarin ci gaba a kudancin gari. Shirin sake ginawa ya haɗa da murabba'in ƙafa miliyan shida (560,000 m2) na sabon zama, siyarwa, ofis da otal, da kuma Tashar Jirgin Ruwa. A watan Yulin 2012, an gina kimanin 900 daga cikin gidajen zama na Harbor Point 4,000. Sabbin gidajen cin abinci da ayyukan nishaɗi sun zo a yankin Harbor Point, wanda ake la'akari da New Stamford. Daga 2008 zuwa 2017, birnin ya ba da izini ga gidaje 4,341.

A lokacin annobar COVID-19 a Amurka, yawancin mutanen New York masu arziki sun koma Stamford da yankinta.

## Yanayin ƙasa

Dabgane da Cibiyar Kididdiga ta Amurka, birnin tana da fadin rubba'in mil , wanda rubba'in mil  ya kasance doron kasa sannan kuma rubba'in mil  ruwa ne. Stamford is the state's largest city by area. Yawan jama'a a wuri kuwa ya kasance mutum 3101.9 a duk nisan rubba'in mil daya (wato 1,197.7/kmsq)  a shekara ta 2010. Nisan yana da rabin nisa a tsakanin Manhattan da New Haven a akalla mil  daga kowanne birnin; tana da misan mil  daga babban birnin jihar Hartford.

Stamford yana kusa da kudu maso yammacin Connecticut, a kan Long Island Sound; yana daga cikin Gold Coast. Stamford ya ƙunshi kusan unguwa da ƙauyuka daban-daban 45, da gundumomi biyu na tarihi,  gami da Cove, East Side, Downtown, North Stamford, Glenbrook, West Side, Turn of River, Waterside, Springdale, Belltown, Ridgeway, Newfield, South End, Westover, Shippan, Roxbury, da Palmers Hill.

Arewacin Merritt Parkway an dauke shi yankin Arewacin Stamford na birnin, wanda ya ƙunshi mafi girman ƙasar duk da cewa shi ne mafi ƙarancin jama'a. Arewacin Stamford yana aiki da kuma doka yana aiki a matsayin gari ɗaya tare da birnin Stamford. Stamford tana da iyaka da Pound Ridge, New York zuwa arewa, Long Island Sound zuwa kudu, Greenwich zuwa yamma, Darien zuwa gabas, da New Canaan zuwa arewa maso gabas.

Birnin yana da tsibirai a cikin Long Island Sound: Cove Island, Grass Island, Greenway Island, Jack Island, da Cuties Island (wanda aka fi sani da Vincent Island). Tsibirin Cove sanannen rairayin bakin teku ne da kuma wurin shakatawa.

Stamford ita ce kadai birni a Amurka daga inda mutum zai iya haye iyaka zuwa wannan jihar makwabta (New York) ta hanyar zuwa arewa, gabas, kudu da yamma.

## Yanayi

A karkashin Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen, Stamford yana da yanayi mai matsakaici (*Cfa*), tare da dogon lokaci, lokacin zafi, da sanyi zuwa hunturu mai sanyi, tare da hazo da ya bazu daidai a duk shekara. Kamar sauran yankunan Connecticut na bakin teku, yana cikin yanki mai zurfi tsakanin Yanayin yanayi na arewacin Amurka da kudancin Kanada zuwa arewa, da kuma yanayin zafi da yanayin zafi na tsakiya da kudancin Atlantic zuwa kudu.

Lokacin zafi / zafi a Stamford daga tsakiyar Afrilu zuwa farkon Nuwamba. Rashin tsawa na rana ya zama ruwan dare a cikin watanni mafi zafi (Yuni zuwa Satumba), duk da yawancin sararin samaniya. Lokacin sanyi / sanyi shine daga ƙarshen Nuwamba ko da yake tsakiyar Maris. Yanayin hunturu ya fi canzawa fiye da yanayin bazara a bakin tekun Connecticut, daga kwanakin rana tare da yanayin zafi mafi girma zuwa yanayin sanyi da tashin hankali tare da dusar ƙanƙara na lokaci-lokaci. Kamar yadda yake a yawancin bakin tekun Connecticut da kusa da Long Island, wasu ruwan sama na hunturu ruwan sama ne ko cakuda da ruwan sama da dusar ƙanƙara. Stamford yana da matsakaicin inci 30 (75  na dusar ƙanƙara a kowace shekara, idan aka kwatanta da yankunan cikin gida kamar Hartford da Albany waɗanda ke da matsakaitan inci 45-60 (110-150 .

Kodayake ba sau da yawa, Guguwa ta wurare masu zafi (guguwa / guguwa na wurare masu zafi) sun buge Connecticut da yankin Stamford. Guguwar guguwa ta faru a bakin tekun Connecticut a cikin 1903, 1938, 1944, 1954 (Carol), 1960 (Donna), Guguwar Gloria a cikin 1985, da Guguwar Sandy a cikin 2012.

Stamford yana cikin yankin lambu na USDA 7a . Yana da matsakaicin kwanaki 90 a kowace shekara tare da daskarewa. Coastal Connecticut shine yanki mai zurfi inda za'a iya noma tsire-tsire da ake kira "mai nuna alamar wurare masu zafi" da sauran tsire-shire masu tsayi. Saboda haka, Southern Magnolias, Needle Palms, Windmill palm, Loblolly Pines, da Crape Myrtles suna girma a cikin lambuna masu zaman kansu da na jama'a. Kamar yadda yake a yawancin Connecticut, Long Island, da New Jersey, lokacin girma yana da tsawo a Stamford, matsakaicin kwanaki 210 daga Afrilu 8 zuwa Nuwamba 5 bisa ga Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Kasa a Bridgeport.

## Sanannun mutane
Sanannun mutane daga Stamford, na yanzu da wanda suka gabata sun hada da:
* Alvin Alden (1818-1882), ɗan majalisa na jihar Wisconsin
* Revington Arthur (1908-1986), mai zane, malami 
* Andrew P. Bakaj (an haife shi a shekara ta 1982), tsohon jami'in Ma'aikatar Tsaro da CIA, jagoran lauya ga mai ba da labari a lokacin bincike da kuma tsige Shugaba Donald Trump, wanda aka haifa kuma ya girma a Stamford
* Michael Cuscuna (1948-2024), mai gabatar da rikodin jazz
* Albert K. Dawson (1885-1967), ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto kuma wakilin fim a Yaƙin Duniya na I. Kamfanin sa, Brown & Dawson, ya kasance a Stamford daga 1912 zuwa 1919.
* Candace Owens (an haife ta a shekara ta 1989), masaniyar siyasa, an haife ta kuma ta girma a Stamford
* Dana Delany (an haife ta a shekara ta 1956), 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, ta girma a Stamford
* Willy DeVille (1950-2009), mawaƙin R&amp;amp;B kuma mawaƙi, an haife shi a Stamford
* Greg Farshtey (an haife shi a shekara ta 1965), marubuci kuma edita a Lego, wanda aka sani da aikinsa a kan Bionicle, ya girma a Stamford 
* William Phillips Hall (1864-1932), an haife shi a Stamford, mai kula da sufuri, mai wa'azi
* Harry Houdini (1874-1926), mai zane-zane, yana da gidan bazara a Stamford
* Nick Howard (an haife shi a shekara ta 1993), ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa
* J. Walter Kennedy (1912-1977), magajin garin Stamford, kwamishinan kungiyar kwallon kwando ta kasaƘungiyar Kwando ta Kasa
* Bernard Jackson (an haife shi a shekara ta 1959), mawaƙin kiɗa na R&B, an haife shi ne a Stamford
* Robert Kravchuk (an haife shi a shekara ta 1955), marubuci, masanin, an haife shi ne a Stamford
* Cyndi Lauper (an haife ta a shekara ta 1953), mawaƙa, tana da gida a Arewacin Stamford
* Joe Lieberman (1942-2024), Sanata na Amurka kuma dan takarar Democrat na 2000 don mataimakin shugaban kasa, an haife shi kuma ya girma a Stamford
* Christopher Lloyd (an haife shi a 1938), ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, an haife shi ne a Stamford
* Meat Loaf (Michael Lee Aday; 1947-2022), mawaƙin dutse kuma marubucin waƙa, ya zauna a Stamford 1979-1981, ya horar da Babe Ruth League da Little League baseball
* Dan Malloy (an haife shi a shekara ta 1955), tsohon gwamnan Connecticut
* Frank J. Marion (1869-1963), majagaba na fina-finai, wanda ya kafa Kamfanin Kalem, wanda ya gina kuma ya zauna a Marion CastleGidan sarauta na Marion
* Vince McMahon (an haife shi a shekara ta 1945) da Linda McMahon, wadanda suka kafa World Wrestling EntertainmentNishaɗi na Gwagwarmaya na Duniya
* Don Morrow (1927-2020), ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, mai ba da labari, mai zane-zane
* Chris Noth (an haife shi a shekara ta 1954), ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, ya girma a Stamford
* Gilda Radner (1946-1989), ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, matar Gene Wilder, ta zauna a cikin birni 
* Jackie Robinson (1919-1972), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, ya sanya Arewacin Stamford gidansa daga baya a rayuwarsa; ɗayan ƙananan rukunin Stamford an sanya masa suna
* Stephen Sondheim (1930-2021), mawaƙi, ya zauna a Arewacin Stamford tun yana yaro
* Grant Tinker (1926-2016), tsohon mijin Mary Tyler Moore kuma tsohon shugaban NBC (1981-1986), an haife shi a cikin birni
* Bobby Valentine (an haife shi a shekara ta 1950), tsohon manajan wasan baseball, mai mallakar mashaya na wasanni na gari "Bobby V's"
* Vivian Vance (1909-1979), 'yar wasan kwaikwayo wacce ta fito a matsayin Ethel Mertz a cikin I Love Lucy*Ina son Lucy*
* Mort Walker (1923-2018), mai zane-zane na *Beetle Bailey* da *Hi da Lois*
* Gene Wilder (1933-2016), ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da darektan, ya rayu kuma ya mutu a cikin birni

## Manazarta