open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Gidan shakatawa na Tropicana Beach

**La Campagne Tropicana** wani wurin shakatawa ne mai girman eka 60 mai zaman kansa a Lekki, Legas .   La Campagne Tropicana Beach Resort ya haɗu da baƙon jigo na Afirka tare da alatu na zamani. Manyan manyan kasashen duniya da suka hada da tsaffin shugabannin kasa da ministoci da sarakuna ne suka dauki nauyin kula da wurin shakatawar .  Ana ɗaukar La Campagne a matsayin ɗayan mafi kyawun wuraren shakatawa na bakin teku a Najeriya .    

## Yanayin ƙasa
Wannan wurin shakatawa na rairayin bakin teku a Tekun Guinea yana da kilomita 78 daga Cibiyar Kula da Lekki, kilomita 95 daga Gidan Tarihi na Najeriya, da kilomita 120 daga Filin jirgin saman Legas.

## Wasanni
Gidan cin abinci, mashaya, da tafkuna na waje suna daga cikin abubuwan more rayuwa, kamar yadda dakin motsa jiki, filin wasa na yara, da tsaro na awanni 24. Gudun doki, kwando, da kwallon kafa, da kayaking da jet skiing, duk suna samuwa.

Akwai ɗakuna masu dumi, ɗakuna masu zagaye tare da rufin da aka rufe, kayan ado masu haske, da bene, kamar yadda gidajen bishiyoyi na katako tare da tafkuna masu zaman kansu, wanka na Jacuzzi, talabijin masu laushi, da ra'ayoyin gulf.

## Manazarta
Mutuwar Vwaere Diaso

A ranar 1 ga Agusta, 2023, wata lif dauke da Dr. **Vwaere Diaso** ta fado daga hawa na 10 zuwa kasa na babban asibitin Legas Island inda take aiki a matsayin jami'ar kula da lafiya. Diaso ta rasu ne sakamakon raunukan da ta samu bayan da ta makale sama da mintuna 40 a cikin lif da ya yi hadari.  Ta mutu makonni kadan kafin kammala aikinta. 

## Tarihi da abin da ya faru
Diaso 'yar asalin Ewu Kingdom ne a yankin karamar hukuma ta Ughelli ta Kudu ta Jihar Delta .  Ta kammala karatu a Jami'ar Babcock . 

   Kimanin 7:10 na yamma a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 2023, Diaso, wani jami'in gidan kiwon lafiya, ya hau lif don karɓar isar da abinci daga mahayin aikawa. Bayan 'yan mintoci kaɗan an ji wani gagarumin hadari daga asusun Dr. Moye wanda ke tsaye a gaban mai hawa  da Dr. Olumide wanda ke amfani da matakala.  Yayinda aka kama shi kuma yana kuka don taimako a cikin mai hawa, an kira kamfanin da ke kula da mai hawa da sabis na wuta amma babu wanda ya zo wurin da lamarin ya faru. Bayan kimanin minti 40, an rushe kofar don fitar da Diaso. Dokta Moye ya ce:Tana kwance a tsakanin tushe na mai hawa da bene na ƙasa tare da injin da ke rataye a kan kanta a ƙasa da ƙasa tare da jini a kan tabarau da suka karye da kuma gaɓoɓin da suka karkatar. Yayin da suka yi gaggawar tayar da ita, masu ceto sun gano cewa babu jini don ƙarin jini a asibiti.

## Halin da aka yi
Rahotanni sun nuna cewa akwai buƙatun da yawa daga likitoci don gyara fashewar fashewar shekaru kafin lamarin kuma alkawuran da aka yi don cika su ba a cika su ba.

A ranar 2 ga watan Agusta, reshen Legas na Kungiyar Likitoci ta Najeriya ya yi kira ga yajin aiki mara iyaka ga likitocin kiwon lafiya a asibitocin gwamnati guda uku a tsibirin Legas saboda mutuwar Diaso kuma ya umarci likitoci a wasu asibitoci na gwamnati a jihar don rage ayyukan. Sun kuma sanar da makoki na kwanaki 5. A wannan rana, gwamnatin Jihar Legas ta kafa ƙungiyar bincike don bincika hadarin mai hawa.

A ranar 4 ga watan Agusta, Sashen Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihar Legas na Ƙungiyar Masana Kimiyya ta Labaran Kiwon Lafiya ta Najeriya (AMLSN) ta musanta duk wani buƙata na jini ga Diaso a cikin ƙoƙari na karyata rashin samun sabis na ƙarin jini a matsayin dalilin mutuwarta.

## Manazarta
Makarantar Sakandare ta 'yan mata ta Ahantaman

**Ahantaman Girls' Senior High School** wata cibiya ce ta ilimi ga 'yan mata. Tana a Sekondi a yankin yammacin Ghana .  Ahantaman Girls' Senior High an kafa shi a cikin 1948 ta wani masani mai sha'awar ilimi mai suna Mista Emmanuel Kwasi Idun.  

## Tarihi
Makarantar ta canza a tsawon shekaru daga mai zaman kansa zuwa mallakar gwamnati. An kafa makarantar ne a cikin 1948 ta hanyar wani masanin ilimin kasuwanci mai suna Mr. Emmanuel Kwasi Idun . Da farko, an fara shi ne a matsayin Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Takoradi kusa da Sekondi . Makarantar ta zama sananne a matsayin Royal Commercial College wanda aka fi sani da ROCCO.

A shekara ta 1965, Hukumar Ilimi ta Ghana ta shawo kan makarantar sakandare kuma a sakamakon haka, makarantar ta canza sunanta zuwa Royal Commercial Secondary School tun lokacin da aka yi nazarin batutuwan kasuwanci da sakandare, a takaice ROCSEC ne

A shekara ta 1980, makarantar ta karbi suna daga yankin gargajiya wanda aka fi sani da Ahantaman Secondary School. Sa'an nan kuma ya zama Ahantaman Senior High School kuma an canza matsayin makarantar a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 2010 daga cibiyar ilimi zuwa makarantar jima'i guda kuma wannan shine Ahantaman Girls" SHS. Ainihin makarantar tana da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na ɗalibai: waɗanda ke cikin kwanakin Rococo, Rosec, kwanakin makarantar sakandare ta Ahantaman, makarantar sakandare da makarantar sakandare ce ta Ahantamani waɗanda duk sun fada ƙarƙashin laima ɗaya.

Makarantar ranar da kimanin dalibai dubu biyar. Shi ne duka shiga da rana.

## Nasarorin da aka samu
Ahantaman Girls' SHS ya kasance na biyu a cikin 6th edition na Hukumar Makamashi mai sabuntawa. Legon PRESEC ne ya kayar da su wanda ya kasance na farko, Ola Girls" SHS, Kenyasi ya dauki matsayi na uku, Dabokpa Technical Institute ya dauki matsayi ya huɗu, Adidome SHS ya dauki matsayi nke biyar kuma Damongo SHS wanda shine na shida.

## Shahararrun ɗalibai

* Paapa Yankson - mawaƙin Ghana wanda ya lashe lambar yabo

## Manazarta
Adwoa

**Adwoa** sunan da ake amfani da shi ga matan da aka haifa ranar Litinin a yammacin Afirka, musamman Ghana da wasu sassan Togo, kudancin Benin da Ivory Coast.  Sunayen rana al'ada ce ta mutanen Akan na Ghana da Ivory Coast . A gaskiya duk Akan (watau ƙungiyoyin Akan daban-daban) mutanen da ke bin al'adun gargajiya ne ke yin ta.  Mutanen da aka haifa a wasu ranaku ya kamata su nuna halaye ko halaye da falsafanci, masu alaƙa da kwanakin. Adwoa yana da sunan Badwo ko Akoto ma'ana zaman lafiya.  Don haka, mata masu suna Adwoa yakamata su kasance masu zaman lafiya.  

## Asalin da ma'anar Adwoa
A cikin al'adun Akan, an san sunayen rana daga alloli. Adwoa ta samo asali ne daga Koyayuda kuma daga Ubangiji na Rayuwa Firmament allahn ranar Litinin. Mata da aka haifa a ranar Litinin an san su da kwanciyar hankali, masu zaman lafiya da masu kariya. Suna yawan ciyarwa da cimma daidaituwa tsakanin ƙarfi da tausayi.

## Bambance-bambance na mata na Adwoa
Sunayen rana a Ghana suna da rubutun daban-daban. Wannan shi ne saboda kungiyoyin Akan daban-daban. Kowane rukuni na Akan yana da irin wannan ko daban-daban rubutun don sunan rana ga wasu rukuni na akan. Adwoa ana rubuta shi Adwoa ta Akuapem, Akwamu, Akyem, Bono da Ashanti yayin da ƙungiyar Fante ke rubuta shi *Adjoa*, *Ajua*, ko *Ajuba*.  

## Maza version na Adwoa
A cikin al'adun Akan da sauran al'adun yankin a Ghana, sunayen rana sun zo biyu ga maza da mata. Bambancin sunan da aka yi amfani da shi ga yaro namiji da aka haifa a ranar Litinin *Kwadwo.* . 

## Shahararrun mata masu suna Adwoa
Yawancin yara na Ghana suna da sunayensu na al'adu a hade tare da sunayinsu na Turanci ko na Kirista. Wasu sanannun mutane da irin waɗannan sunayen sune:

* Adwoa Aboah (an haife shi a shekara ta 1992), samfurin Burtaniya kuma mai fafutuka
* Adjoa Andoh (an haife ta a 1963), 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Burtaniya
* Adwoa Smart (an haife ta a shekara ta 1971), 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Ghana
* Adjoa Bayor (an haife shi a shekara ta 1979), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Ghana
* Adwoa Yamoah (an haife shi a shekara ta 1986), mai gaisuwa na Kanada

## Manazarta
Gidan ajiyar Fairbanks-Morse (Saskatoon)

**Fairbanks-Morse Warehouse** gini ne na gado wanda yake a 14 23rd Street East a cikin garin Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Kanada . Wanda yake aiki a da a matsayin sito na Kamfanin Fairbanks-Morse, an mai da ginin zuwa manyan benaye na mazauni.

## Tarihi
Kamfanin Fairbanks na Kanada (daga baya Kamfanin Fairbanks-Morse na Kanada) ya gina tsarin a cikin 1911 a matsayin ɗakin ajiya don manyan injina da kasuwancin samar da niƙa. David Brown da Hugh Vallance na Montreal ne suka tsara shi, waɗanda kuma suka tsara yawancin gine-gine na asali a harabar Jami'ar Saskatchewan . An gina shi da siminti mai ƙarfi, wanda ba a saba gani ba a lokacin.  

Daga 1948 har zuwa 1985 Gidan Wajen Kasuwanci na Fairbanks-Morse yayi aiki azaman gida ga Ƙungiyar Haɗin gwiwar Commonwealth kuma a matsayin zauren ƙungiyar.   Ginin yana da layin CPR har zuwa tsakiyar 1960s, lokacin da aka sake gina yawancin garin.  Ya canza hannaye sau da yawa, yana aiki azaman sito, ofisoshi, ɗakin daukar hoto da gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Wasu masu haya na bayanin kula sun haɗa da AKA Gallery, Hotunan Masu ɗaukar hoto da Bidiyo Vérité (wanda biyun biyu za su haɗu su zama PAVED Arts ).  An ayyana ginin a matsayin wurin tarihi a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 1995. 

A cikin 2005-2006, Ci gaban Olstar ya canza ginin zuwa wurare 12 na condominium. 

## Manazarta
Rukunin Ginger

**Ƙungiyar Ginger** ba jam'iyyar siyasa ce ta asali ba a Kanada, amma ƙungiya ce ta 'yan majalisa masu ra'ayin ci gaba da kuma 'yan kwadago waɗanda ke ba da ra'ayin gurguzu . Kalmar ginger kuma tana nufin ƙaramin rukuni tare da sabbin ra'ayoyi masu tsattsauran ra'ayi waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin yin aiki azaman mai haɓakawa a cikin babban jiki.

Ƙungiyar Ginger ta rabu da Jam'iyyar Progressive a 1924 lokacin da shugaban Progressive Robert Forke ya nuna sha'awar karbar gwamnatin Liberal na William Lyon Mackenzie King kuma ya amince da tallafa wa kasafin kudin gwamnati tare da ƙananan kuɗi. JS Woodsworth, ta yin amfani da haƙƙinsa a matsayin shugaban 'yan majalissar Labour mai zaman kanta, ya ƙaddamar da wani gyare-gyare mai ƙarfi ga kasafin kuɗi bisa bukatun da Progressives suka yi a shekarun baya amma sun yi watsi da su. 'Yan majalisar masu ci gaba da na Labour wadanda suka rabu da takwarorinsu na ci gaba don tallafawa Woodsworth sun zama "Rukunin Ginger".   Ya ƙunshi United Farmers of Alberta MPs George Gibson Coote, Robert Gardiner, Edward Joseph Garland, Donald MacBeth Kennedy da Henry Elvins Spencer da United Farmers of Ontario MP Agnes Macphail . Daga baya 'yan majalisar jam'iyyar Labour JS Woodsworth, William Irvine, Abraham Albert Heaps da Angus MacInnis, MP Joseph Tweed Shaw mai zaman kansa da kuma 'yan majalisar Progressive Milton Neil Campbell, William John Ward, William Charles Good, da Preston Elliott suka shiga kungiyar.   

## Manazarta
Ƙungiyar don sake gina jama'a

**Takadwar sake gina zamantakewa** ( **LSR** ) da'irar da aka kirkira ta Kanada a hukumance a cikin 1932. Kungiyar ta ba da gudummawar tattalin arziki da tattalin arziki da tattalin arziki da tattalin arziki. Samuwar LSR ya haifar da abubuwan da suka faru kamar Babban Balaguro da kammala yakin duniya na daya da karuwar masana'antu da birane. &#x5B; ** &#x5D; . Ƙungiyar ta ɗauki ' ɗabi'un hankali ' a matsayin akidar da za a iya amfani da ita da kuma amfani da ita don hana wahala a Kanada. Kungiyar ta yi niyyar yin aiki azaman ƙarin ƙarfi mai zaman kansa wanda ke tasiri ga sake fasalin manufofin jama'a a Kanada a wannan lokacin tashin hankali. Yin aiki tare da masu hankali da 'yan siyasa, ƙungiyar ta taimaka wajen ƙirƙirar tsarin jin dadin jama'a da kuma tsarin taimakon ƙasa. LSR ta watse a hukumance a cikin 1942 lokacin yakin duniya na biyu.

## Tattalin Arzikin Siyasa da Babban Tashin hankali
Babban Bala'in ya haifar da tsawan lokaci na rashin aikin yi, kuma shine tasirin rashin aikin yi ga mutanen Kanada wanda ya motsa LSR cikin aiki. Rashin aikin yi na kasa ya kai kololuwa a farkon rabin shekarar 1933 da kashi 32 cikin dari; amma kashi 32 cikin dari ne kawai matsakaici, a wasu garuruwan rashin aikin yi ya kai kusan kashi 50 cikin dari.  LSR sun tashi, yayin da suke fuskantar matsalar rashin aikin yi a cikin azuzuwan su, majami'u, da ofisoshinsu; “A ko’ina rashin bege, kasa marar manufa&nbsp;... Mutane masu ƙwazo da haziƙai masu yin ɓarna a cikin zaman banza da yanke ƙauna.” 

## Manazarta
David Lewis (ɗan siyasa na Kanada)

A cikin Agusta 1938, Lewis ya bar aikinsa a kamfanin lauyoyi na Ottawa na Smart da Biggar don yin cikakken lokaci a matsayin Sakatare na Kasa na CCF. Albashin sa na farawa shine $1,200 a kowace shekara, kuɗi kaɗan, har ma a lokacin, don aiki mai nauyi. 

### Ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar ƙungiya

## 1962–1971: Dan Majalisa na York ta Kudu
Kwanaki biyu bayan kammala babban taron kafa jam’iyyar NDP a shekarar 1961, Tommy Douglas ya rubuta wa Sophie Lewis, matar David wasika, inda ya shaida mata cewa dole David ya tsaya takara a zabe mai zuwa.  Lewis ya yanke shawarar yin takara a gidansa na hawan York South, wanda aka gudanar a lokaci guda a lardi, a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ontario, ta shugaban NDP na Ontario, Donald C. MacDonald .

Dole ne gwamnatin Diefenbaker ta kira zabe a wani lokaci a cikin 1962, don haka akwai lokacin da za a tsara yakin neman zaben Lewis. Yana da manajojin yakin neman zabe guda biyu: dansa Stephen da Gerry Caplan.  Ɗaya daga cikin manyan dabarunsu shine samun kuri'u a cikin matsugunan Yahudawa masu wadata a ƙauyen Tudun daji . Amma, jama'ar Yahudawa sun ɗauke Lewis a matsayin baƙo domin bai shiga al'amuran al'umma ba ko kuma yana cikin majami'a.  adawarsa ta farko ga kafa kasar Isra'ila, sakamakon siyasarsa ta Bundist, shi ma bai yi wa galibin al'ummar Sahayoniya dadi ba. Ya ɗauki ƙarin ƙoƙari akan sassan Stephen's da Caplan don shawo kan membobin al'umma cewa Dauda halaltaccen muryar Bayahude ne kuma ba zai cutar da kasuwancinsu ba.  Ya zo ne don tallafa wa kasar Isra'ila bayan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kada kuri'a don raba Palastinu a watan Mayu 1948.  Bayan juriya daga al'ummar Yahudawa, a matsayinsa na mataimakin shugaban jam'iyyar David Lewis ya fuskanci yajin aikin likitocin da ke gabatowa a Saskatchewan, sakamakon aiwatar da gwamnatin CCF na Medicare .  Ya kira likitocin lardin "masu baƙar fata" saboda ba da shawarar irin wannan yajin aikin.  Lewis kuma ya bayyana a ɗaya daga cikin ƴan wuraren talabijin na ƙasa na NDP.  Ya bayyana a gidan Talabijin na CTV na kasa tare da Walter Pitman don gabatar da tsarin NDP akan tattalin arzikin da aka tsara, a cikin watsa shirye-shiryen zabe irin na tattaunawa.  A ranar 18 ga Yuni, 1962, an zaɓi Lewis a Kudancin York, kuma a ƙarshe ya zama ɗan majalisa.  Tun lokacin da Tommy Douglas ya yi rashin nasara a wurin zama, an yi la'akari da Lewis a matsayin dan takara na gaba don zama jagoran gida har sai Douglas ya shiga gidan a zaben Oktoba. 

## Manazarta
Leonard Marsh

**Leonard Charles Marsh** (Satumba 24, 1906 - Mayu 10, 1983) masanin ilimin zamantakewar jama'a ne kuma farfesa .

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Marsh a Ingila kuma ya kammala karatunsa a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London a 1928. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya karanci albashi da gidaje kuma ya gudanar da bincike ga Sir William Beveridge . 

## Matsa zuwa Kanada
Marsh ya koma Kanada a cikin 1930, bayan an ɗauke shi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Binciken Jama'a a Jami'ar McGill . McGill yana shiga cikin ayyukan bincike guda biyu da Amurka ke bayarwa a lokacin, Shirin Ƙaddamar da Ƙaddamarwa na Kanadiya da Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyyar zamantakewa. An dauki Marsh ta hanyar tallafi daga Gidauniyar Rockefeller kuma aka nada shi daraktan ayyuka na SSRP. Yayin da Darakta, Marsh ya buga littattafai da yawa kan aikin yi a Kanada, gami da *Lafiya da Rashin Aikin yi* a 1938. Muhimmin rubutun da zai fito daga matsayin Marsh a matsayin darektan aikin shine *Canadians In and Out of Work; Binciken Azuzuwan Tattalin Arziki da Alakar Su da Kasuwar Kwadago* a 1940.

## Sana'a mai zuwa
Leonard Marsh ya shiga League for Social Reconstruction in 1932 kuma yayi aiki a matsayin shugaban kasa na wa'adi biyu, 1937-1938 da 1938-1939. Tare da Harry Cassidy, ya gyara mahimmin wallafe-wallafen League, *Tsarin zamantakewa don Kanada*, wanda aka buga a cikin 1935.

## Manazarta
Anambra waxbill

**Anambra waxbill** (Estrilda poliopareia) wani nau'in finch ne wanda aka samo a cikin ƙasa mai laushi na kudancin Najeriya da Benin . Yana da kimanin girman duniya na 38,000 km2.&nbsp;

## Bayyanawa
Anambra waxbill yana da kimanin 12 cm tsawo. Wannan nau'in yana da launi mai launin dun tare da takardar kudi mai launin ruwan kasa da kuma rump. Idan aka kalli shi sosai, yana da kyakkyawan shinge a samansa, bangarorin ƙirji da flanks, tare da idanu masu launin shudi. Yana da kira na yau da kullun mai kama da waxbill.&nbsp;

## Gida
Anambra waxbill yana zaune a cikin ƙananan garken tsuntsaye har zuwa 20 ko fiye. Ya bayyana cewa ana samunsa a kudancin Najeriya, kuma an san shi da tabbaci daga abubuwan da aka ruwaito guda biyar kawai. Yawancin lokaci ana samunsa a cikin ciyawa mai tsawo a gefen koguna, yashi na lagoon, marshes, marshins da gandun daji. Yana ciyar da shi musamman a kan tsaba da aka karɓa daga tsaba.

## Matakan kiyayewa
Har yanzu ba a aiwatar da matakan kiyayewa ba. Koyaya, an ba da shawarar gudanar da binciken yawan jama'a don tantance rarraba, bukatun mazaunin da yiwuwar barazanar. An kuma ba da shawarar yin nazarin halayenta, murya da DNA don bayyana alaƙar ta da ke tattare da ita tare da **[[Fawn-breasted waxbill|waxbill mai ƙirji]]** (*E. paludicola*).

## Manazarta
EMDEX

**M**">**E** (Essential Medicines In**DEX**) shine mafi yawan amfani da tushen bayani na magani da bayanan warkewa ta hanyar masu kiwon lafiya a Najeriya. Ita ce mafi girma kuma mafi kyawun tushen bayanai game da samfuran magunguna da aka amince da su don amfani a Najeriya ta NAFDAC (National Agency for Food &amp;amp; Drug Administration &amp;amp; Control) . 

A**D**="mwFA">N fara buga shi a sh**E** 1991 a matsayin Jagoran Magunguna na Najeriya (NED). Abubuwan da ke cikin bayanan magungunan EMDEX, shirye-shirye, da shawarwari na warkewa suna tallafawa ta hanyar nassoshi da Jagororin asibiti musamman WHO Model Formulary, WHO ATC (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical) Classification System, Nigeria's Essential Medicines List, da Standard Treatment Guidelines, da dai sauransu. Babban burin EMDEX shine inganta amfani da magunguna ta hanyar samar da bayanan magunguna masu zaman kansu, da kuma amfani da jagororin asibiti da Jerin magunguna masu mahimmanci. Amfani da EMDEX a matsayin jagorar magani ta amince da Majalisar likitoci ta Najeriya, Majalisar Nursing & Midwifery ta Najeriya, da manyan cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya. Ana amfani da shi a ciki da waje da Najeriya ta likitoci, likitocin hakora, likitoci na magunguna, likitociyar jinya, da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya a duk matakan isar da kiwon lafiya. Wadannan masu ba da kiwon lafiya sun dogara da EMDEX don daidaito da cikakkiyar bayanan miyagun ƙwayoyi wato alamomi, ƙin yarda, kariya ko gargadi, sakamako mara kyau, allurai, da amfani da miyagun ƙwalwa a cikin jama'a na musamman kamar yara, tsofaffi, ciki & shayarwa. Littattafan EMDEX suna cikin tsarin karatun kwalejoji da makarantu daban-daban na magani, kantin magani da jinya.   

## EMDEX a matsayin Tsarin Magunguna na Kasa na Najeriya
tsari ƙasa shine ainihin jerin magunguna da ke 

da kuma masu araha waɗanda suka dace da maganin cututtuka a cikin wata ƙasa. Yawancin lokaci tushen bayanan miyagun ƙwayoyi ne kuma yana taimakawa wajen inganta amfani da magunguna masu aminci, masu tasiri da inganci.

## Littattafan EMDEX
EMDEX jirgin sama. 1 (Bayanan Magunguna don Kwararrun Kiwon Lafiya) ana buga shi a kowace shekara. Sauran wallafe-wallafen EMDEX sun hada da:

* EMDEX jirgin sama. 2 (Nurses' Reference) 
* EMDEX Jagoran Magunguna na Yara
* Mini EMDEX (Ma'aikatar Aljihu ta Likita) 
* EMDEX RapidRx - Shaidar Kwararrun Kwararrun
* EMDEX API yana ba da cikakken bayanan samfuran magunguna da aka amince da NAFDAC a Najeriya.
* RxFoods Najeriya (Hanyar Likita don Zaɓuɓɓukan Abinci Mai Lafiya da Ƙarin, Magunguna na Abinci & Ma'amala da Cututtukan Abinci.
* EMDEX App - ana samunsa akan Android & iOS

## Manazarta
Crib A'Glow

**Crib A'Glow** na'urar daukar hoto ce mai amfani da hasken rana wacce ke amfani da fitilun LED masu launin shudi don kula da jarirai tare da jaundice. Virtue Oboro ce ta kirkiro na'urar, mai tsarawa da kuma mahaifiyar da jaririn da ya kamu da jaundice. Crib A'Glow ya lashe kyaututtuka da yawa don kirkire-kirkire. 

## Tarihi
A cikin 2015, ɗan Oboro ya kamu da alamun jaundice jim kadan bayan haihuwa. Asibitin da ke kusa yana da raka'a biyar na phototherapy; duk da haka, biyu sun riga sun yi amfani da su kuma sauran uku ba su da aiki. Da zarar ya kasance a cikin sashin phototherapy, katsewar wutar lantarki ta haifar masa da ciwon jaundice mai tsanani wanda ya sami ƙarin jini na gaggawa. Jaundice yana shafar fiye da 60% na jarirai a duk duniya, tare da mafi munin lokuta da ke buƙatar phototherapy. A Najeriya, an kiyasta cewa kasa da kashi 5% na wuraren kiwon lafiya suna da isasshen na'urorin phototherapy don magance yanayin. Kimanin jarirai 100,000 suna mutuwa a kowace shekara daga jaundice, tare da wasu da yawa da ke fuskantar raunin dindindin.

Bayan da dan Oboro ya warke, ita da mijinta sun fara kamfanin Tiny Hearts Technology don yin aiki a kan ci gaban wani nau'i mai ɗaukar hoto wanda zai iya amfani da hasken rana don samar da phototherapy ga jarirai masu launin jaundized.

## Bayyanawa
Oboro ta sami taimako daga kwarewar mijinta tare da hasken rana da likitan yara wanda ya taimaka wajen tabbatar da na'urar ta sadu da jagororin phototherapy kuma tana da aminci.

An ƙera shi a Najeriya kuma yana amfani da kayan gida, Crib A'Glow yana da araha, ana siyarwa a $ 360 idan aka kwatanta da $ 2,000 don sauran rukunin phototherapy da aka yi amfani da su a Najeriya. Na'urorin phototherapy da aka yi amfani da su a kasashe masu tasowa suna da sakamako masu illa kamar ƙone fata, rashin ruwa, da rashes. Crib A'Glow yana guje wa waɗannan sakamako masu illa ta hanyar amfani da fitilun LED.

Rukunin mai ɗaukar hoto yana da amfani sosai a yankuna masu nisa inda samun damar samun wutar lantarki na iya zama iyakance ko rashin daidaituwa.

Ana amfani da Crib A'Glow a daruruwan asibitoci a Najeriya da Ghana  kuma ya kula da kimanin jarirai 300,000 a watan Disamba na 2021.

## Kyaututtuka
Johnson &amp;amp; Johnson sun ba da kyautar Crib A'Glow $ 50,000 a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin masu cin nasara shida na Gasar Cin Kofin Kimiyya ta Afirka Innovation Challenge 2.0.   Tiny Hearts Technology, kamfanin Oboro, ya sami lambar yabo ta uku daga Cibiyar Kasuwancin Afirka ta Majalisar Kasuwancin Amurka don lambar yabo ta Digital Innovation a shekarar 2020. Royal Academy of Engineering ne ya zaɓi na'urar don jerin sunayen Kyautar Afirka ta 2022.

## Manazarta
Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiya na Tarayya

A Najeriya, kananan hukumomi za su samar da kiwon lafiya na farko, gwamnatocin jihohi za su samar wa kiwon lafiya ta biyu da kuma Gwamnatin Tarayya za ta samar da kifin lafiya na uku. A cikin aiwatar da wannan manufofin, Gwamnatin Tarayya ta yanke shawarar kafa akalla cibiyar kiwon lafiya guda ɗaya a kowace Jiha ta Tarayyar Najeriya. Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiya na Tarayya (FMCs), an kafa su a duk faɗin ƙasar a jihohin da ba su da Asibitocin Koyarwa na Jami'ar Tarayya. Banda wannan doka ita ce Jihar Legas,  wacce ke da irin wannan cibiyar ban da Asibitin Koyarwa.

## Jerin Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiya na Tarayya
Akwai jimlar FMCs 23 a duk faɗin ƙasar. A matsayin doka ta gaba ɗaya, yawancin cibiyoyin suna cikin babban birnin jihar, musamman a yanayin da cibiyar kiwon lafiya ta biyu da jihar ke gudanarwa ba ta cika bukatun kula da lafiyar kwararre ta 'yan ƙasa ba.

* Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tarayya, Abakaliki, Jihar Ebonyi . 
* Abeokuta" id="mwJw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Federal Medical Center, Abeokuta">Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tarayya, Abeokuta, Abeokuta da Jihar Ogun. 
* Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tarayya, Asaba, Jihar Delta . 
* Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tarayya, Abuja, Najeriya, Babban Birnin Tarayya . 
* Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tarayya, Azare, Jihar Bauchi.
* Bida)" id="mwRQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Federal Medical Centre (Bida)">Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tarayya (Bida) , Bida, Jihar Nijar . 
* Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tarayya, Birnin-Kebbi, Jihar Kebbi . 
* Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tarayya, Birnin Kudu, Jihar Jigawa. 
* Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tarayya Ebute, Ebute-Meta, Jihar Legas . 
* Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tarayya, Gombe, Jihar Gombe.
* Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tarayya, Gusau, Jihar Zamfara.
* Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tarayya, Ido Ekiti, Jihar Ekiti 
* Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tarayya, Jalingo, Jihar Taraba . 
* Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tarayya, Katsina, Jihar Katsina.
* Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tarayya, Keffi, Jihar Nasarawa.
* Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tarayya, Lokoja, Jihar Kogi.
* Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tarayya, Makurdi, Jihar Benue.
* Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tarayya, Nguru, Jihar Yobe.
* Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tarayya, Owerri, Jihar Imo . 
* Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tarayya (Biyu) , Jihar Ondo Ondo . 
* Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tarayya, Umuahia, Jihar Abia .
* Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tarayya, Yenagoa, Jihar Bayelsa 
* Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tarayya, Yola, Jihar Adamawa 
* Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tarayya, Ikole Ekiti, Jihar Ekiti 

## Manazarta
Makarantar Fasahar Dental & Therapy ta Tarayya

Kwalejin Fasahar Dental & Therapy ta Tarayya wata cibiyar ilimi ce a Trans-Ekulu, Jihar Enugu, Najeriya . An kafa shi a 1955 a Legas a matsayin Makarantar Fasaha da Tsabtace Dental ta Tarayya, horar da masu fasaha da masu tsabta. Ya zama Makarantar Fasahar Dental da Magunguna ta Tarayya a cikin 1978, tare da babban burin horar da masu fasahar hakora da masu warkarwa. Makarantar ta koma wurin da take yanzu a shekarar 1982. Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Najeriya ce ke tallafawa makarantar. Masu kammala karatun makarantar Fasahar Dental suna samun difloma mafi girma na kasa bayan shekaru biyar, kuma masu kammala karatun za su je aikin horo na shekara guda kafin rajistar sana'a. Masu kammala karatu na iya yin aiki a matsayin masu sana'a bayan rajista tare da Masana Fasaha na Dental ko Kwamitin Rijistar Masu Magunguna na Najeriya. *NUC ta amince da shirye-shiryen digiri na FEDCODTTEN*

Hukumar Jami'o'i ta Kasa (NUC) ta amince da gudanar da shirye-shiryen digiri daban-daban a Kwalejin Fasaha da Magunguna ta Tarayya, Enugu. A cewar wata wasika mai kwanan wata 10 ga Fabrairu, 2021, Hukumar ta ba da izinin gudanar da shirye-shiryen a cikin gundumar Kwalejin. Hukumar ta lissafa shirye-shiryen karatun digiri da za a ba da digiri kamar: Fasahar Biomedical (B.Tech), Fasahar Dental (B.tech), Prosthetics da Orthotics (B.Teach) da Fasahar Lafiya ta Jama'a (B.Teleach). Digirin B.Tech a cikin Lafiyar Jama'a ya ƙunshi manyan fannoni huɗu na ƙwarewa. Yankunan ƙwarewa guda huɗu waɗanda suka riga sun gudana a matsayin sassan daban-daban sune: i. Lafiya ta Jama'a, ii. Magungunan hakora, iii. Nursing na hakora da iv. Ayyukan Jama'a. Shirye-shiryen sun fara ne a baya a cikin alaƙa da Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya, Owerri (FUTO). Tare da amincewar yanzu, an ba da matsayin Kwalejin a matsayin cibiyar bayar da digiri mai izini matsayin da ake buƙata. 

Makarantar ta kasance kawai makarantar da ta horar da masu fasahar hakora da masu warkarwa a Najeriya, har zuwa kwanan nan lokacin da aka kafa wasu makarantu don wannan dalili.

A watan Agustan shekara ta 2009, sabon shugaban kwamitin ya ce ya kasance mai tsauri a tsawon shekaru, kuma yana neman kudade na tarayya da na jihar don haɓakawa.  Sunan Rector na Kwalejin shine Dr. John Emaimo . 

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin polytechnics a Najeriya

## Manazarta
Ƙaunar Ƙungiyar Lafiya

Ƙungiyar Ƙaunar Lafiya (LHO) kungiya ce mai zaman kanta Na Najeriya wacce ke ba da shawara kan kiwon lafiya da samar da kiwon lafiya kyauta ga mata. Yusuf Haroun ne ya kafa shi.[1][2][3][4]

## Tarihi
An kafa kungiyoyin Love for Health a cikin shekara ta 2008, a matsayin kungiyar kiwon lafiya. Kungiyar ta goyi bayan mutane 50,000 da ke fama da cutar kanjamau, a cikin asibitoci 70 a fadin jihohi tara da aka yi rajista a cikin maganin antiretroviral mai ceton rai.

A cikin 2020, LHO ta yi haɗin gwiwa tare da gwamnatin Jihar Imo don ba da damar isar da lafiya. Ya horar da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya 488 a jihohin Imo, Nijar, da Legas.

LHO tana ba da shawara game da lafiyar haihuwa, lafiyar jima'i, da haƙƙin mata. Kungiyar ta taimaka wajen samar da kiwon lafiya kyauta wajen yaki da tashin hankali a kan mata kuma ta gudanar da yaduwa 1,200 a Najeriya.

A cikin 2023, an ba ta lambar yabo ta JOMCA saboda gudummawar da ta bayar don inganta yanayin lafiyar mata.

A cikin 2024, Ƙungiyar Ƙaunar Lafiya ta yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya ta Bioclinix don ƙaddamar da shirin ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya kyauta ga al'ummomin da ba su da sabis.

## Manazarta ù
Hukumar Kula da Abinci da Magunguna ta Kasa

**Hukumar Kula da [[abinci]] da Magunguna ta Kasa** (**NAFDAC**) hukuma ce ta tarayya ta Najeriya a karkashin Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Tarayya wacce ke da alhakin tsarawa da sarrafa masana'antu, shigo da kayayyaki, fitarwa, talla, rarrabawa, siyarwa, da amfani da abinci, magunguna, kayan shafawa, na'urorin kiwon lafiya, sunadarai, da ruwa mai kunshe.

Hukumar tana karkashin jagorancin Mojisola Adeyeye, wanda Shugaban Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Najeriya ya nada a shekarar 2017 a matsayin darakta janar. Ta kammala wa'adin shekaru biyar a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba 2022 kuma an sake nada ta a karo na biyu a ranar 1 ga Disamba 2022.

## Kafawa
The organisation was established to counter illicit and counterfeit products in Nigeria in 1993 under the country's health and safety law. Adulterated and counterfeit drugs are a problem in Nigeria. In one 1989 incident, over 150 children died as a result of paracetamol syrup containing diethylene glycol. The problem of fake drugs was so severe that neighbouring countries such as Ghana and Sierra Leone officially banned the sale of drugs, foods, and beverage products made in Nigeria.&#x5B; **'&#x5D;</sup>

Irin waɗannan matsalolin sun haifar da kafa NAFDAC, tare da burin kawar da magunguna, abinci, da kayan sha na bogi waɗanda ba a ƙera su a Najeriya ba da kuma tabbatar da cewa magungunan da ke akwai suna da aminci da tasiri.

Kafa NAFDAC ya samo asali ne daga ƙudurin Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya ta 1988 wanda ke neman taimakon ƙasashe don yaki da barazanar kiwon lafiya ta duniya da magungunan karya suka haifar.

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1992, an kafa majalisa ta farko ta NAFDAC. Tanimu Saulawa ne ya jagoranci majalisar. A watan Janairun 1993, an amince da dokar goyan bayan doka a matsayin Dokar Shari'a No. 15 na 1993. A ranar 1 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1994, an kafa NAFDAC a hukumance a matsayin ma'aikatar kiwon lafiya ta tarayya. 

NAFDAC ta maye gurbin wata hukumar kula da lafiya ta tarayya da ta gabata, Darakta na Abinci da Magunguna da Kulawa, wanda aka dauka ba shi da tasiri, wani bangare saboda rashin dokoki game da magungunan karya. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

## Manazarta
Gidauniyar Vicar Hope

**Gidauniyar Vicar Hope** (**VHF**), kungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce Mrs. Nkechi Ikpeazu ta kafa kuma ta yi rajista a Najeriya a matsayin mai zaman kanta. Tana da kwamitin amintattu guda tara. An kafa shi a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 2015. Gidauniyar tana da Matsayi na Musamman tare da Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Jama'a ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (ECOSOC)  

**Gidauniyar Vicar Hope** tana da hannu a cikin kiwon lafiya, ilimi, tashin hankali na jinsi, yanayi da muhalli, rage talauci, samun ƙwarewa da ci gAba ga matalauta, gidaje ga marasa galihu, jin daɗi, matasa da mata. Tana da hedikwatar a Umuahia, Jihar Abia, Najeriya inda take gudanar da cibiyar matasa kuma tana aiki da ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya guda biyu da ke mai da hankali kan rikicewar sickle cell, kula da tsofaffi, kula da uwaye da yara. Cibiyar kiwon lafiya da bincike ta biyu tana cikin birnin Aba, Najeriya.

## Shirye-shiryen Gidauniyar

### Lafiya
Gidauniyar tana gudanar da cire tsutsotsi na yara a makarantun al'umma. kuma yana inganta wayar da kan jama'a game da cututtukan da za a iya hanawa kamar '"" ciwon sukari da '"" cibiyar kiwon lafiya tana ba da sabis na ganowa na farko don ciwon nono ciki har da tantancewa da gwaji. Gidauniyar Vicar Hope ta jagoranci hadin gwiwar Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Jiha, Cibiyar Kula da Abinci ta Nestle ta Afirka, da kuma Nigeria Society for Neonatal Medicine don horar da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya 100 da aka samo daga cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya masu zaman kansu da na jama'a. Likitocin kiwon lafiya, ma'aikatan jinya, masu juna biyu, ma'aikata na fadada kiwon lafiya na al'umma da wasu masu kula da haihuwa na cikin gida suna daga cikin mutanen da suka amfana daga horo mai zurfi na kwana biyu a kan NEONATAL RESUSCITATION AND ESSENTIAL NEWBORN CARE, hanya mai mahimmanci da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin minti na farko bayan haihuwa wanda ke da mahimmanci don taimakawa jaririn ya fara numfashi musamman inda wuraren kiwon lafiya ba su samuwa a yankunan karkara na Afirka. Gidauniyar kuma tana tallafawa sababbin uwaye marasa galihu. Gidauniyar tana aiki da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya guda biyu waɗanda ke ba da kulawa ga tsofaffi, rikicewar ƙwayoyin cuta da kula da uwa da yara. Sashen Kula da Sickle Cell na Cibiyar ban da kula da cututtuka da kulawa kuma yana ba da shawara da sabis na fadakarwa. Ita ce mafi aiki a yankin da ke da jimillar mutane kusan miliyan 16. Yanayinta yana ba shi kusa da yankunan karkara na Jihar Abia, inda akwai ƙananan cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na musamman. Har ila yau, yana ba da damar ga mazaunan karkara waɗanda suka zama yawancin mutanen da suka fi fuskantar tasirin tattalin arziki da na jiki da yawa na cututtukan sickle cell. Gidauniyar ta dauki nauyin aiwatar da doka a Majalisar Dokokin Jiha wacce ke neman rage yaduwar cutar sickle cell.

### Ilimi
Gidauniyar ta gina ɗakunan ajiya kuma ta ba da gudummawar kayan makaranta da littattafai ga al'ummomin karkara a yankin karamar hukumar Bende da yankin karamar hukuma na Obingwa. Har ila yau, tana ba da tallafin karatu ga ɗalibai ta hanyar shirinsa na tallafi, ISLEF .

## Manazarta
Gidauniyar Kula da Ciwon Lafiya ta Duniya

Gidauniyar Kula da Kula da Lafiya ta Duniya kungiya ce mai zaman kanta a karkashin jagorancin Gidauniya ta Chris Oyakhilome International (COFI)  wacce ke aiki don inganta bala'i da amsawar likita ta gaggawa da isar da kula da rauni.

Gidauniyar Kula da Kulawa ta Duniya tana ba da horo na likita a cikin taimakon farko da kuma taimakon gaggawa ga masu amsawa, malamai, jami'an 'yan sanda, masu kulawa da ma'aikatan sufuri.

## Nasarorin da aka samu
A cikin 2018, Guinness World Records ta amince da Gidauniyar Kula da Kula da Harkokin Kasuwanci ta Duniya don yin rajistar mafi yawan mutane don ba da gudummawar jini a cikin sa'o'i 8. Mutane 3,310 ne suka yi rajista.

A cikin 2019, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba da Gidauniyar Kula da Trauma ta Duniya matsayi na musamman a Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Jama'a ta Majalisar Dinkinobho (ESOSOC). 

A cikin 2020, Gidauniyar Kula da Harkokin Kasashen Duniya ta ƙaddamar da aikace-aikacen da zai iya haɗa wadanda ke fama da gaggawa ga masu ba da agaji na farko na kungiyar.

## Manazarta
Kenneth McNaught

**Kenneth William Kirkpatrick McNaught**  OC (1918–1997) ɗan tarihin Kanada ne. An san shi da tarihin rayuwarsa na 1959 na Co-operative Commonwealth Federation wanda ya kafa J. S. Woodsworth, *Annabi a Siyasa*, da littafinsa na 1982 *The Pelican History of Canada* .

An haifi McNaught a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba 1918  ga dangin masu barin aji na tsakiya a Toronto, Ontario .  Shi jikan dan majalisar dokokin Ontario William Kirkpatrick McNaught .  McNaught ya halarci Kwalejin Upper Canada kafin ya sami digirin digirgir a cikin 1941 daga Jami'ar Toronto .  A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, ya yi aiki tare da Royal Canadian Ordnance Corps . **' &#x5B; &#x5D;</sup> ya koma Jami'ar Toronto, inda ya sami digiri na biyu na Arts a 1946 da kuma digiri na digiri na Falsafa a 1950.  Babban mai kula da digirinsa shine Frank Underhill . 

Daga 1947 zuwa 1959, ya kasance farfesa na tarihi a Kwalejin United (yanzu Jami'ar Winnipeg). Ya yi murabus a cikin 1959 don nuna adawa da korar da kwalejin <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5D; &#x5B; **' Harry Crowe .  Daga baya a wannan shekarar, an nada shi mataimakin farfesa na tarihi a Jami'ar Toronto.  An kara masa girma zuwa cikakken farfesa a 1965  kuma ya yi aiki har zuwa 1989. Daga 1959 zuwa 1969.  ya kasance edita mai ba da gudummawa a *daren Asabar* .  A cikin 1996, an nada shi Jami'in Order of Canada "saboda ƙarfin hali da amincinsa wajen kare 'yancin ilimi, da kuma gudunmawar da ya bayar wajen tafiyar da maganganun siyasar ƙasar fiye da aji zuwa ga jama'a".  Ya mutu a Toronto a ranar 2 ga Yuni 1997. 

## Manazarta
Regina Manifesto

**Regina Manifesto** shine shirin na Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) kuma an karbe shi a babban taron kasa na farko na CCF da aka gudanar a Regina, Saskatchewan, a cikin 1933.  primary Manufar Regina Manifesto ita ce kawar da tsarin  [  da maye gurbinsa da tattalin arzikin gurguzu da aka tsara.  CCF ita ce jam'iyyar gurguzu ta dimokiradiyya ta Kanada wacce aka kafa a cikin 1932 ta manoma, ma'aikata, da ƙungiyoyin gurguzu a kan tushen Babban Mawuyacin hali . [ 4 ]

Mambobin kungiyar League for Social Reconstruction, musamman Frank Underhill  da F. R. Scott,   ne suka rubuta wannan bayanin kuma ya yi kira ga "tattalin arzikin da aka tsara da zamantakewa wanda albarkatun mu na halitta da manyan hanyoyin samarwa da rarrabawa ke mallakar, sarrafawa da sarrafa ta mutane."  Musamman ya yi kira ga ƙasan harkokin sufuri, sadarwa, wutar lantarki da sauran ayyuka.  Ya yi kira ga tattalin arzikin da aka tsara da kuma tsarin banki na kasa wanda za a "cire daga kula da bukatun masu zaman kansu na neman riba."  Ya ba da shawarar ikon tsarawa a cikin ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata kuma ya yi kira ga Dokar Ma'aikata ta Ƙasa "don tabbatar wa ma'aikaci iyakar samun kudin shiga da jin dadi, inshora wanda ya shafi rashin lafiya, haɗari, tsufa, da rashin aikin yi".  Regina Manifesto ya ba da shawarar shirye-shiryen sabis na zamantakewa irin su kiwon lafiya na jama'a, goyon bayan zaman lafiya, inganta kamfanonin haɗin gwiwar,  kuma ya sha alwashin cewa "Babu Gwamnatin CCF da za ta huta da abun ciki har sai ta kawar da tsarin jari-hujja kuma ta fara aiki da cikakken shirin tsarin tsarin zamantakewa wanda zai haifar da kafa a Kanada na Commonwealth Commonwealth ." 

## Manazarta
F. R. Scott

**Francis Reginald Scott** CC QC FRSC FBA (1899-1985), wanda aka fi sani da **Frank Scott** ko **F.&nbsp;R. Scott**, lauya ne, mawaƙin Kanada, mai hankali, kuma masanin tsarin mulki. Ya taimaka ya samo jam'iyyar dimokuradiyya ta Kanada ta farko, Ƙungiyar Commonwealth ta Co-operative, da magajinsa, New Democratic Party . Ya lashe babbar kyautar adabin Kanada, lambar yabo ta Gwamna, sau biyu, sau ɗaya don waƙa da kuma sau ɗaya don rashin almara. Ya auri mai zane Marian Dale Scott .

## Life and work
An haifi Scott a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 1899, a birnin Quebec, na shida cikin yara bakwai. Mahaifinsa shi ne Frederick George Scott, "Firist na Anglican, ƙaramin mawaƙi kuma mai ba da shawara ga al'adun wayewa na masarautar Biritaniya, wanda ya ɗora wa ɗansa sadaukar da kai don bauta wa ɗan adam, ƙauna ga daidaitawar yanayin yanayin Laurentian da cikakken mutunta tsarin zamantakewa."  Ya shaida tarzomar da aka yi a cikin birni a lokacin Rikicin Sojoji na 1917 .

Bayan kammala karatun digirinsa na farko a Jami'ar Bishop, a Lennoxville, Quebec, Scott ya tafi Kwalejin Magdalen, Oxford, a matsayin malamin Rhodes kuma ra'ayin gurguzu na Kirista na R. H. Tawney da Student Christian Movement ya rinjaye shi.

Scott ya koma Kanada, ya zauna a Montreal, ya yi karatun shari'a a Jami'ar McGill, kuma daga ƙarshe ya shiga sashin shari'a a matsayin farfesa. Yayin da yake a McGill, Scott ya zama memba na Ƙungiyar Montreal na mawaƙa na zamani, da'irar da ta haɗa da Leon Edel, John Glassco, da AJ M. Smith .  Scott da Smith sun zama abokai na rayuwa.  Scott ya ba da gudummawa ga Ƙarin *Adabin Littattafan Daily na McGill*, wanda Smith ya gyara; lokacin da wannan ya ninka a cikin 1925, shi da Smith sun kafa kuma sun gyara *Binciken McGill na Makonnin Lokaci* . Bayan *Bita* ya ninka, Scott ya taimaka ya samo kuma ya haɗa haɗin gwiwa a takaice *The Canadian Mercury* . Scott, wanda Smith da Leo Kennedy suka taimaka, kuma &#x5B; &#x5D; ** sunansa ba ya shirya tarihin wakokin zamani *na New Provinces* (wanda ya buga wakoki goma), wanda aka buga a 1936. 

## Manazarta
Frank Underhill

**Frank Hawkins Underhill**, SM, FRSC (Nuwamba 26, 1889 &#x2013; Satumba 16, 1971) ɗan jaridar Kanada ne, mawallafi, ɗan tarihi, mai sukar zamantakewa, kuma mai tunanin siyasa.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Frank Underhill, an haife shi a Stouffville, Ontario, ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Toronto da Jami'ar Oxford inda ya kasance memba na Fabian Society . Masu sukar zamantakewa da siyasa irin su George Bernard Shaw da Goldwin Smith sun rinjaye shi. Ya koyar da tarihi a Jami'ar Saskatchewan daga 1914 har zuwa 1927 tare da dogon lokaci a lokacin yakin duniya na daya a lokacin da ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in Hertfordshire Regiment na British Army a Western Front .  Ya kuma koyar daga 1927 zuwa 1955 a Jami'ar Toronto . Ya bar Jami'ar Toronto saboda sabani da gwamnati sannan ya shiga jami'ar Carleton University . 

A lokacin Babban Mawuyacin Hali, Underhill ya haɗu da wasu malaman jami'o'in hagu da dama wajen kafa Ƙungiyar Sake Gina Jama'a .  Shi ne kuma wanda ya kafa kungiyar hadin gwiwa ta Commonwealth kuma ya taimaka wajen rubuta Regina Manifesto a cikin 1933. Ya shiga cikin ma'aikatan edita na *dandalin Kanada* na hagu a cikin 1927 inda ya rubuta wani shafi na sharhin siyasa mai suna "O Canada" daga 1929 kuma ya yi aiki na wani lokaci a matsayin shugaban kwamitin edita na mujallar.  Duk da waɗancan ra'ayoyin na ci gaba, Underhill yana da ra'ayi mai ra'ayin mazan jiya game da sana'ar tarihi kuma ya hana ayyukan masana tarihi mata da yawa. 

## Manazarta
Sanarwar Winnipeg

**Sanarwar Winnipeg**, wani lokaci ana kiranta da **Winnipeg Manifesto**, shine shirin da ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar Commonwealth Federation (CCF) ta ɗauka a Kanada don maye gurbin Regina Manifesto . Cikakken sunanta shi ne "Shawarar Winnipeg na Ƙa'idodin Ƙungiyar Commonwealth ta 1956," kuma an amince da ita a babban taron jam'iyyar na kasa da aka gudanar a wannan shekarar a Winnipeg, Manitoba .

## Juyin Juya Hali
Sanarwar ta nuna juyin juya halin jam'iyyar daga gurguzu zuwa mafi matsakaicin tsarin dimokuradiyya na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na Keynesian tun lokacin da aka kafa shi a lokacin Babban Mawuyacin hali . Har ila yau, ya nuna irin yadda jam'iyyar ta karu tun lokacin da ta karbi mulki a lardin Saskatchewan . Halin adawa da kwaminisanci na yakin cacar baka ya kuma sa CCF ta nemi ta daidaita matsayinta. Mataimakin shugaban tarayya na CCF kuma shugaban New Democratic Party na gaba, David Lewis, ya taimaka wajen tsara daftarin da kuma amincewa da shi.

## Daga zama kasa zuwa gauraye tattalin arziki
Regina Manifesto ya yi kira ga tattalin arzikin gurguzu wanda za a mai da manyan sassan tattalin arzikin kasa kuma a sanya su a karkashin ikon jama'a, amma sanarwar Winnipeg ta yi kira da a hade tattalin arzikin wanda "za a sami muhimmiyar rawa ga jama'a, masu zaman kansu da kamfanoni na hadin gwiwa da ke aiki tare don amfanin jama'a" da kuma daidaita buƙatun farko na tattalin arzikin da aka tsara . Regina Manifesto ta bayyana cewa CCF ba za ta huta ba har sai an "kawar da tsarin jari-hujja," amma sanarwar Winnipeg ta tabbatar da cewa, "CCF ba za ta huta ba har sai kowane mutum a wannan ƙasa da sauran ƙasashe ya sami damar jin daɗin daidaito da 'yanci, jin darajar ɗan adam, da damar yin rayuwa mai wadata da ma'ana a matsayin ɗan ƙasa na duniya mai 'yanci da lumana."

## Bayanin ka'idoji
Sanarwar Winnipeg ta kasance ainihin bayanin ka'idodin jam'iyyar CCF da magajinta, New Democratic Party, har zuwa 1983 lokacin da aka maye gurbinta da Bayanin Ka'idoji .

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Rubutun Sanarwa na Winnipeg
*  Bayanin Winnipeg - Wikisource
Hugh Allen (ɗan siyasa)

**Hugh Wright Allen** (Afrilu 30, 1889 - Maris 2, 1972) ɗan siyasan lardi ne daga Alberta, Kanada. Ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokoki ta Alberta daga 1926 zuwa 1935 yana zaune tare da United Farmers of Alberta caucus. A lokacin da yake kan mulki ya yi aiki a matsayin minista a gwamnatocin Premier John Brownlee da Richard Reid .

Allen ya yi takarar neman kujera zuwa majalisar dokokin Alberta a babban zaben Alberta na 1926 . Ya tsaya takara a matsayin dan takarar United Farmers a gundumar zabe na lardin Peace River ya yi nasara a kidaya na farko. Allen ya kayar da wasu 'yan takara biyu kuma ya samu kashi 54% na kuri'un da aka kada ya rike jam'iyyarsa. 

Sakamakon sake rarraba kan iyaka a babban zaben Alberta na 1930 . Birnin Grande Prairie ya sami gundumar zaben kansa. Allen ya sake tsayawa takara a sabuwar gundumar zaben lardin Grande Prairie. An yaba Allen. 

Ranar 10 ga Yuli, 1934 Firimiya Richard Reid ya nada Allen a Majalisar Zartarwa ta Alberta . An nada shi a mukamai biyu na majalisar ministoci na farko a matsayin ministan kula da kananan hukumomi da na biyu a matsayin ministan filaye da ma'adinai. 

Allen ya tsaya takara karo na uku a ofishi a babban zaben Alberta na 1935 . Zaben dai ya yi zafi sosai kuma ya zama mafi kusanci da juna a lardin. Dan takarar Social Credit William Sharpe ya doke Allen a kidaya na karshe. 

## Manazarta
Albert Andrews

**Albert George Andrews** (Satumba 13, 1881 - Oktoba 25, 1960) ɗan siyasan lardi ne daga Alberta, Kanada. Ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokoki ta Alberta daga 1922 zuwa 1935 yana zaune tare da United Farmers caucus a cikin gwamnati.

## Sana'ar siyasa
Andrews ya tsaya takarar kujerar majalisar dokokin Alberta a zaben da ya kamata a yi ranar 10 ga Yuli, 1922. Ya tsaya a matsayin dan takara karkashin tutar United Farmers a gundumar zabe na Sedgewick wanda tsohon Firimiya Charles Stewart ya fice. Andrews ya sami yabo a ranar zaɓen Yuli 3, 1922, lokacin da babu sauran 'yan takara da suka fito. 

Andrews ya yi takara a karo na biyu a babban zaben Alberta na 1926 . Ya tsaya takara a karon farko da wasu ‘yan takara biyu suka samu gagarumin rinjaye. 

Andrews ya yi takara a karo na uku a babban zaben Alberta na 1930 . Ya yi takara kai tsaye da dan takarar Conservative WH Wallace. Andrews ya kara yawan jama'arsa da kuri'a daya daga zaben da ya gabata don rike gundumar cikin sauki. 

Andrews ya yi takara a karo na hudu a babban zaben Alberta na 1935 . An ci shi ya kammala na biyu mai nisa a tseren hanyoyi uku da ya rasa dan takarar Social Credit Albert Fee . 

## Manazarta
Jam'iyyar Socialist Democracy

The **Parti de la démocratie socialist** , **PDS** ; English:   ) jam'iyyar siyasa ce ta lardin Quebec, Kanada .

Tushensa ya koma 1939, a matsayin reshe na Quebec na Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (daga baya New Democratic Party, NDP). Jam'iyyar ta dade tana da alaka da takwararta ta tarayya kuma aka fi sani da **New Democratic Party of Quebec** (NPDQ) daga 1963 zuwa 1994. Yayin da NPDQ ta kara samun tagomashi ga kishin kasa ta Quebec, ta rabu da NDP ta tarayya a 1989 kafin ta rabu da ita gaba daya a 1991. Ta karɓi sunan PDS a cikin sabon sashe na NDP na Kanada, wanda ake kira New Democratic Party of Canada. An kafa Sashen Quebec a cikin 1990; yana aiki ne kawai a siyasar tarayya. 

## Tarihi

### Foundation da tarihin farko
An kafa jam'iyyar ne a cikin 1939 a matsayin Fédération du Commonwealth Coopératif (FCC), takwararta ta Quebec na jam'iyyar Tarayyar Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF). Romuald-Joseph Lamoureux ne ya jagoranta a babban zaben 1944, inda FCC ta lashe kashi 2.89% na kuri'un da aka kada kuma ta zabi dan majalisa daya: David Cote a Rouyn-Noranda . Duk da haka, Côté ya bar jam'iyyar a 1945 don zama mai cin gashin kansa kuma bai nemi sake tsayawa takara ba.

## Manazarta
Ƙungiyar hadin gwiwar jama'a ta Commonwealth

**Ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar jama'a ta Commonwealth** ta kasance alamar da 'yan takara suka yi amfani da su a zabuka a lardin Kanada na British Columbia waɗanda ba su amince da Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Commonwealth ba, amma suna goyon bayan manufofinta.

Herridge ya lashe zaben da kuri'u 6,123, yayin da dan takarar jam'iyyar CCF ya samu kuri'u 1,611. An jera Herridge bisa hukuma a matsayin dan takarar "CCF" mai zaman kansa kuma dan majalisa. An sake shigar da shi jam’iyyar CCF kafin shekarar 1949 kuma aka sake zabe shi a wancan zabe da kuma na baya a matsayin dan takarar CCF, ko kuma daga baya, a matsayin dan takarar New Democratic Party lokacin da CCF ta zama NDP a 1961.

## Manazarta