Brucellosis

**Brucellosis**  cuta ce ne da ake samu daga dabbobi, wanda ke faruwa ta hanyar shan madarar da ba a dafa ba daga dabbobi masu dauke  da cuta, ko kusanci da ruwan dake.  Hakanan ana kiranta da **undulant fever**, **zazzabin Malta**, da **zazzabin Mediterranean** .

Kwayoyin cutar da ke haifar da wannan cuta, *[[Brucellosis|Brucella]]*, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ne, na gram negative, wadanda basu motsi,basu fidda spore, masu siffiar zagaye ko kuma sanduna. Suna aiki azamankwayoyin cutar da basu iya, rayuwa su kadai ba.kuma suna  haifar da cututtuka na yau da kullun, wanda yawanci yana ci gaba har karshen  rayuwa. kwayoyin cutar  guda hudu sune ke  cutar da mutane: *B. abortus*, *B. canis*, *B. melitensis*, da *B. suis* . *B. Abortus* ba shi da cutarwa fiye da *B. melitensis* kuma shi ne da farko cutar ta shanu. *B. canis* yana shafar karnuka. *B. melitensis* shine nau'in da ya fi kamuwa da cuta; yakan cutar da awaki da tumaki lokaci-lokaci. *B. suis* na tsaka-tsakin jijiyoyi ne kuma galibi yana cutar da aladu. Alamomin sun hada da yawan zufa da ciwon gabobi da tsoka . An gane Brucellosis a cikin dabbobi da mutane tun farkon karni na 20.  

## Alamomin cuta
Alamun sun kasance kamar waɗanda ke da alaƙa da wasu cututtuka masu yawa na zazzaɓi, amma tare da ciwon jiki da gumi na dare. Tsawon lokacin cutar na iya bambanta daga 'yan makonni zuwa watanni masu yawa ko ma shekaru.

A mataki na farko na cutar, zaman kwayar cutar a cikin jini yana faruwa sannan zata iya  kaiwa zuwa classic triad na u zazzabin, zufa (sau da yawa tare da wani irin yanayi na wari, da kuma ciwon jiki da kuma kashi. Gwajin jini a zahiri suna nuna karancin garkuar jiki  da yawan  jini, suna nuna wasu haɓakar enzymes na anta  kamar aspertate amino transferase da alanine amino transparase, kuma suna nuna tabbataccen halayen Bengal rose da Huddleston. Gastrointestinal bayyanar cututtuka faruwa a cikin 70% na lokuta kuma sun hada da tashin zuciya , amai, rage cin abinci, rashin niyya nauyi asara, ciwon ciki, , zawo, hanta kumburi, hanta ƙurji, da kuma kara girman saifa

## Abubuwan dake kawo cuta
Brucellosis a cikin mutane yawanci yana hade da shan madara da cuku mai laushi da aka yi daga madarar dabbobi masu dauke da kwayar cutar, da yawa awaki-kamuwa da *B. melitensis*, kuma tare da bayyanar da sana'a na ma'aikatan dakin gwaje-gwaje, likitocin dabbobi, da ma'aikatan gidan yanka.  Wasu allurar rigakafin da ake amfani da su a cikin dabbobi, musamman *B. abortus* strain 19, kuma suna haifar da cututtuka a cikin mutane idan an yi musu allura da kuskure. Brucellosis yana haifar da zazzaɓi marasa daidaituwa, zubar da ciki, gumi, rauni, anemia, ciwon kai, damuwa, da ciwon tsoka da na jiki. Sauran nau'ikan, *B. suis* da *B. canis*, suna haifar da kamuwa da cuta a cikin aladu da karnuka, bi da bi. Binciken gabaɗaya ya goyi bayan cewa brucellosis yana faruwa ne ta dalilin  sana'a ga  masu kiwon awaki tare da takamaiman wuraren da ke da alaƙa da suka haɗa da raunin wayar da kan jama'a game da yaduwar cututtuka da rashin sanin takamaiman ayyukan gonaki masu aminci kamar ayyukan keɓe .

## Bincike
Binciken brucellosis ya dogara ne akan:

Tabbataccen ganewar cutar brucellosis yana buƙatar keɓanta kwayoyin cutar  daga jini, ruwan jiki, ko wasu gabban jiki, amma hanyoyin serological na iya zama kawai gwaje-gwaje da ake samu a yawancin wurare.awon daya nuna akwai kwayar cutar na  jini yana tsakanin 40 zuwa 70% kuma ba shi da inganci ga *B. abortus* fiye da *[[Brucella melitensis|B. melitensis]]* ko *B. suis* .

Ana iya gano takamaiman riga kafin  akan ƙwayoyin cuta na lipopolysaccharide da sauran antigens ta daidaitaccen gwajin agglutination ( SAT ), ya tashi Bengal, 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME), antihuman globulin (Coombs') da kuma kai tsaye enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) . SAT shine mafi yawan amfani da serology a cikin wuraren da ke da yawa.   Ana ɗaukar titre agglutination mafi girma fiye da 1:160 a cikin wuraren da ba su da alaƙa kuma sama da 1:320 a cikin wuraren da ba su da ƙarfi.

## Manazarta