Oko Jumbo

Chief **Oko Jumbo** (ya rasu a shekara ta 1891) ya kasance muhimmin sarki a Masarautar Bonny, jiha ce a yankin Neja-Delta, a yanzu tana cikin jihar Rivers, Najeriya. Shekaru da yawa a cikin karni na 19 ya kasance ingantaccen mai mulkin Bonny.

## Fage

Masarautar Bonny, wacce asalinta ake kira Ibani ko Ubani, jiha ce ta gargajiya da ta samo asali daga garin Bonny da ke jihar Ribas a Najeriya. Kabilar Ijo ne da kabilar Ibo suka mamaye masarautar. Bonny ya tashi zuwa mulki tun daga karni na 15 tare da zuwan Portuguese da cinikin bayi na Atlantic, yana aiki a matsayin ma'ajiyar bayin da aka kawo daga ciki. A karni na 19, Turawan mulkin mallaka sun tilasta wa masarautar ta kawo karshen cinikin bayi. Kasuwancin dabino ya maye gurbin cinikin bayi. 

## Farkon aiki
Oko Jumbo ya kasance bawa ne da ya ’yanta wanda ya zama dan karamin sarki a Bonny, amma ya sami damar tara dukiya mai yawa kuma ta haka ne ya samu mulki ta hanyar ciniki.  Ya zama ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin ƙungiyar sarakunan da suka mamaye gidan Manilla Pepple mai mulki. A ranar 13 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1855, Sarkin Dappa na Bonny ya rasu, Mukaddashin karamin jakadan Burtaniya a yankin Biafra JWB Lynslager, ya rattaba hannu kan wata takarda a ranar 11 ga Satumban 1855 inda ya nada sarakunan Anne Pepple, Ada Allison, Kyaftin Hart da Manilla Pepple a matsayin mulki., ana buƙatar tuntuɓar Banigo da Oko Jumbo, "mazajen kogi biyu". 

Tsarin, wanda ya ba gidan Manilla Pepple ikon sarrafa mulki, ya haifar da rikici kai tsaye tare da abokin hamayyar Anna (ko Annie) Pepple house. Lokacin da maye gurbin Lynslager ya isa, ya ba da rahoton cewa "masu mulki guda huɗu ba su taɓa rayuwa cikin haɗin kai ko haɗin kai ba ... saboda haka yakin basasa ya kasance cikakke a kusa da su ... Lokacin da shugaban gidan Manilla ya rasu a shekara ta 1863, Banigo da Oko Jumbo sun kasa yarda da wanda zai yi nasara, don haka suka nada wani shugaba mai suna Warribo yayin da suka ci gaba da kula da gidan.  A yunƙurin dawo da kwanciyar hankali, Birtaniya sun mayar da William Dappa Pepple I (wanda suka yi hijira a 1854) a matsayin sarki a ranar 18 ga Agusta 1861, kuma a mutuwarsa a ranar 30 ga Satumba 1866 ya nada dansa George Oruigbiji Pepple a matsayin sarki.  Duk da haka, Oko Jumbo ya kasance mai jagoranci a masarautar. 

A ranar 6 ga Maris 1866, Bishop Crowther ya bayyana Oko Jumbo a matsayin "mafi hankali kuma mai arziki" a Bonny, kuma ya lura cewa ya koyi karanta babi na farko na St. A shekara ta gaba ya koyi rubutu, kuma ya sa yaransa goma sha uku a makaranta. Ya ba da goyon bayansa ga masu mishan Kirista, kuma a ranar Ista 1867 ya haɗu da Sarki George don bayyana cewa Monitor Lizard, allahn gargajiya na Bonny, ba shine "Bonny Juju". 

## Yakin basasa
An ci gaba da zaman dar-dar tsakanin gidan Manilla Pepple da gidan Annie Pepple, wanda wani sarki mai suna Jubo Jubogha, wanda aka fi sani da Jaja ga Birtaniya ya jagoranta.  An amince da sasantawa a shekara ta 1865, inda aka haramta amfani da bindigogi, amma a ranar 2 ga Maris, 1867, rikici tsakanin magoya bayan Manilla Pepple da Anna Pepple ya mamaye garin, tare da dukan mutanen da suke fada a gefe daya ko kuma ta hanyar amfani da "matches da gin kwalabe, akwai babu dutse a garin". Matashin Sarki George ne ya shiga tsakani, dauke da bindiga, kuma ya yi nasarar kwantar da hankali.

A shekara ta 1869, bayan da Jaja ya yanke shawarar ƙaura zuwa wajen birnin, rikicin ya barke zuwa yakin basasa, inda Manilla Pepples suka sami fa'ida ta hanyar sayan wasu tsofaffi 32.&nbsp;lb karas . An kashe da yawa daga cikin magoya bayan Annie Pepple a lokacin da kuma bayan babban yakin, kuma garin ya lalace.  Jaja ya bar Bonny ya kafa matsuguni a Opobo, wanda ke kula da kogin da ke samar da kashi uku cikin hudu na dabino na gundumar. Kamfanin kasuwanci na Burtaniya na Stuart & Douglas ya goyi bayan Jaja, kamar yadda wasu suka yi, waɗanda suka ƙaura zuwa Opobo. 

## Bayan shekaru

An kulla yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya tsakanin Bonny da Opobo a shekarar 1873, kuma Oko Jumbo ya ziyarci Jaja kuma ya tabbatar masa da abotarsa. Oko Jumbo ya yi fushi da Kiristanci lokacin da ya fahimci cewa Sarki George yana amfani da tasirin ’yan mishan don lalata ikon sarakuna da kuma ƙara tasirinsa. Ya sanya takunkumi iri-iri a kan gudanar da addini. A cikin 1879 Sarki George ya ziyarci Ingila, inda ya sami karbuwa sosai, an ba shi kulawa sosai a cikin jaridu kuma ya gabatar da harba tururi. Wadannan rahotanni sun firgita Oko Jumbo da Jaja, inda suka damu da cewa Birtaniya na shirin mamaye Bonny da Opobo, duk da cewa George ya dawo ofishin jakadancin Birtaniya ya yi nasarar kwantar da hankula.  Duk da haka, a ranar 14 ga Disamba 1883 sarakunan sun hambarar da Sarki George Pepple. 

Abokantakar Jumbo da Jaja ta wargaje, duk suka fara daukar makamai. Wani littafi na 1883 ya ce "Oko Jumbo yana da wasu mutane 7,000 ko 8,000 a karkashinsa, dukansu dauke da bindigu masu dauke da bindigu da harsashai; kuma Ja-Ja na iya sanya adadinsu iri daya, makamantan su, a cikin filin".  A 1884, Oko Jumbo ya yi karo da sauran sarakuna a Bonny. Akwai jita-jitar cewa yana so ya dora daya daga cikin 'ya'yansa a kan karagar mulki, ko da yake yunkurin juyin mulki da aka shirya a watan Janairun 1885 ya ci tura. Wani dansa, Herbert Jumbo, wanda ya yi karatu a Ingila, ya yi rigima da mahaifinsa kuma ya sanya kansa a ƙarƙashin kariya daga ofishin jakadancin Birtaniya. 

Daga baya a cikin 1885, Oko Jumbo ya yi tafiya zuwa Ingila, ya isa Liverpool a watan Mayu tare da 'ya'yansa biyu, Herbert da James. Jaridar Times ta bayyana shi a matsayin "Sarkin Bonny" lokacin da yake bayar da rahoton ziyarar.  Yayin da ya dawo, jirgin Corisco da yake tafiya a kai ya tarwatse a bakin kogin Cess, Laberiya, amma ya yi nasarar tserewa.   A cikin Fabrairu 1886 an kulla yarjejeniya ta kariya tsakanin Bonny da Biritaniya. An kafa majalisa mai mulki, kuma an sake kafa Sarki George Pepple a kan karagarsa. An tozarta Oko Jumbo a bainar jama'a, an soke haramcin da ya yi wa addinin Kirista, daga bisani kuma ya kasance mai kashe kudi a siyasar Bonny.  A watan Yunin 1886, da yake karyata jita-jitar cewa Oko Jumbo ya nutse a cikin jirgin ruwa, wani dan jarida ya ce ya yi ritaya mai nisan mil 40 zuwa cikin gida, ya bar dukkan al'amuransa a hannun dansa Herbert.  A cikin 1887 an kama Jaja kuma aka kai shi gudun hijira zuwa Tenerife, ya mutu a can a 1891, kuma tsohon abokin hamayyarsa Oko Jumbo ya mutu a lokaci guda. 

## Bayyanar
A cikin littafin John Whitford a kan yankin da aka buga a 1877, an kwatanta Oko Jumbo a matsayin "mai kimanin shekaru arba'in da biyar, dan sama da matsakaicin tsayi, da kyau, yana da karkata zuwa ga girman kai; kuma yana da idanu masu haske da fuska mai basira." An bayyana shi a matsayin mai ado mai kyan gani, duk da cewa an fi son ƙafar ƙafa. Ya yi tafiya a cikin wani dogon kwale-kwale mai sauri da samari ashirin da hudu zuwa talatin. Ya kasance mai karimci, kuma sau da yawa yakan gayyaci fararen fata don su raba girkinsa mai kyau.  Wani asusun da aka buga bayan faduwarsa a shekara ta 1886 ya bayyana shi a matsayin "babban tsohon arne na makarantar da ta shuɗe, dogo da ƙarfi, mai kyakkyawar fuska mai kyau da kai mai ƙarfi, ba tare da ƙoƙarin sa tufafin Turawa ba, ko kuma tufafin kowace iri". An lura cewa ’ya’yansa biyu, waɗanda suka fi zama a Ingila, mutane ne masu wayewa. 

## Nassoshi