Kashewar Qasem Soleimani

A ranar 3 ga watan Janairun shekarar ta 2020, wani harin da jirgin Amurka mara matuki ya kashe, Janar Qasem Soleimani, dan kasar Iran, a kusa da filin jirgin saman Bagadaza na kasar Iraki, a lokacin da yake tafiya ganawa da firaministan Iraki Adil Abdul-Mahdi .

Soleimani ya kasance kwamandan dakarun Quds, daya daga cikin rassa biyar na dakarun kare juyin juya halin Musulunci na Iran (IRGC), wanda Amurka da Majalisar Turai suka ayyana a matsayin kungiyar ta'addanci. [1] [2] An dauki Soleimani a matsayin mutum na biyu mafi karfi a Iran, wanda ke karkashin Jagoran juyin juya hali Ali Khamenei . [3] An kashe 'yan kasar Iraki biyar da wasu 'yan kasar Iran hudu tare da Soleimani, ciki har da mataimakin shugaban kungiyar 'yan ta'addar Popular Mobilisation Forces (PMF) da kuma kwamandan mayakan Kata'ib Hezbollah da ke samun goyon bayan Iran, Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis . Ma'aikatar tsaron Amurka ta Pentagon ta ce Soleimani da dakarunsa ne ke da alhakin mutuwar daruruwan Amurkawa da sojojin kawance da kuma jikkata wasu dubbai. [4]

Yajin aikin ya faru ne a lokacin rikicin yankin tekun Fasha na 2019-2022, wanda ya fara bayan ficewar Amurka daga yarjejeniyar nukiliyar da Iran ta kulla da Iran a shekarar 2015 a shekarar 2018, ta sake sanyawa Iran takunkumi, tare da zargin wasu Iraniyawa da haddasa wani kamfen na musgunawa sojojin Amurka a yankin a shekarar 2019. A ranar 27 ga Disamba, 2019, an kai hari kan sansanin sojin sama na K-1 a Iraki, wanda ke karbar bakuncin jami'an Iraki da Amurka, inda ya kashe wani dan kwangilar Ba'amurke. Amurka ta mayar da martani ta hanyar kai hare-hare ta sama a fadin Iraki da Siriya, inda rahotanni suka ce sun kashe mayakan Kata'ib 25 na kungiyar Hizbullah. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, 'yan Shi'a da magoya bayansu sun kai hari ofishin jakadancin Amurka da ke yankin Green Zone .

Jami'an Amurka sun ba da hujjar harin na Soleimani suna masu cewa ya zama dole a dakatar da "harrin da ake shirin kaiwa", ko da yake daga baya sun fayyace hujjar matakin da doka ta dauka na daukar matakin "a matsayin martani ga karuwar hare-hare...don kare lafiyar jami'an Amurka, don dakile. Iran daga ci gaba da kai hare-hare ko goyon bayan karin hare-hare...da kuma kawo karshen ci gaba da kai hare-hare ta Iran...”  Wasu masana, ciki har da mai ba da rahoto na musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan wuce gona da iri, taqaitu ko sabani. kisa, wanda aka yi la'akari da kisan a matsayin mai yiwuwa keta dokokin kasa da kasa da kuma dokokin cikin gida na Amurka. Iran ta kira harin a matsayin " ta'addancin kasa ". Gwamnatin Iraqi ta ce harin ya zagon kasa ga ikonta na kasa, kuma tana daukarsa a matsayin sabawa yarjejeniyoyin tsaro da Amurka ta yi da kuma wani matakin wuce gona da iri kan jami'anta. Na 5A watan Janairun 2020, majalisar dokokin Iraki ta zartar da wani kuduri mara nauyi na korar dukkan sojojin kasashen waje daga kasarta, yayin da a wannan rana, Iran ta dauki mataki na biyar kuma na karshe na rage alkawuran da aka cimma kan yarjejeniyar nukiliyar kasa da kasa ta 2015 .

Kisan Soleimani ya haifar da tashin hankali tsakanin Amurka da Iran. Shugabannin Iran sun lashi takobin daukar fansa, yayin da jami'an Amurka suka ce da gangan za su kai hari ga duk wata kungiyar sa-kai da Iran ke marawa baya a Iraki da suka dauka a matsayin barazana. Da yawa daga cikin al'ummomin duniya sun mayar da martani da damuwa tare da yin kira da a daure da diflomasiyya. A ranar 8 ga watan Janairun 2020, kwanaki biyar bayan harin ta sama, Iran ta kai jerin hare-haren makami mai linzami kan sojojin Amurka da ke Iraki, wanda shi ne karon farko da aka sani kai tsaye tsakanin Iran da Amurka tun bayan yakin ruwa da ya yi sanadin faruwar lamarin  a ranar 3 ga Yulin 1988.

Bayan harbin jirgin saman Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 a ranar 8 ga Janairu, 2020 - jirgin saman farar hula - ta IRGC a tsakiyar tashin hankali, babu wani karin matakan soja da aka yi. 

## Fage

### Kisa a matsayin la'akari da siyasa
Gabas ta tsakiya ta zamani ta sha ganin lokuta da dama inda aka yi yunkurin kashe manyan jami'an gwamnati da na soji, ko kuma a yi la'akari da su. Irin wadannan hare-hare sun hada da harin da Amurka ta kai ta sama kan shugaban Libya Muammar Gaddafi a shekarar 1986 da kuma Saddam Hussein na Iraki a 1991, 1998, da 2003, baya ga kisa ko yunkurin kashe shugabannin 'yan ta'addan da ba na gwamnati ba irin su Anwar al-Awlaki da Abu. Bakr al-Baghdadi .  Gwamnatocin da ke gudanar da kashe-kashen shugabanni da jami'ai na kasashen waje sun kasance abin kyama a cikin ƙarnuka da suka gabata, amma wannan al'ada tana raguwa a tsawon lokaci, musamman tun bayan yakin duniya na biyu .  Tasirin ‘yan ta’adda ‘yan ta’adda’ ya zama batun muhawarar masana, musamman dangane da ko a zahiri irin wannan kashe-kashen na da amfani ga manufofin kasashen ketare. 

Bayan yajin aikin da aka yi wa Soleimani, an tabo batutuwan da suka shafi kara ruguza ka'idoji da tambayoyi dangane da tasiri.  Abubuwan da ake kashewa da fa'idar kashe-kashen manufofin ketare suna da wuyar ƙididdige su, kuma shawarar da za a ci gaba da aiwatar da irin waɗannan ayyuka sau da yawa suna nuna rashin fahimta, kuma ba koyaushe ake gane su ba, fatan cewa duk wani magajin wanda aka yi niyya ba zai iya yin adawa da shi ba, ko kuma zai samar da manufofin da yawa. m wajen, kasar daukar mataki. 

### Ayyukan Amurka da Iran a Iraki tun 2014
A cikin 2014, Amurka ta tsoma baki a cikin Iraki a matsayin wani bangare na Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR) &#x2013; manufa da Amurka ke jagoranta don yakar kungiyar ta'addanci ta ISIL &#x2013; kuma tana ba da horo da aiki tare da sojojin Iraki. wani bangare na kawancen yaki da ISIL. A cikin 2017, an yi galaba a kan dakarun ISIL a Iraki a cikin yakin basasa, tare da taimakon farko na mayakan Shi'a masu goyon bayan Iran - Popular Mobiliation Forces, wanda ke ba da rahoto ga Firayim Minista na Iraki tun 2016 - da kuma sojojin Iraki da Amurka ke marawa baya. 

### Tunanin siyasa
Dangane da shirin hadin gwiwa na tsawon shekaru 15 na aiwatar da yarjejeniyar nukiliya ta wucin gadi da Iran, wasu masu sukar yarjejeniyar sun yi nuni da cewa Iran za ta iya yin bam na nukiliya bayan karewar yarjejjeniyar nukiliya ta takaitaccen lokaci.  Shugaban Amurka Donald Trump ya soki yarjejeniyar nukiliyar, musamman ma gwamnatin Obama ta ci bashin dala 1.7&nbsp;biliyan ga Iran.    Tashin hankali ya tashi tsakanin Iran da Amurka a cikin 2018 bayan Trump ba tare da izini ba ya fice daga yarjejeniyar nukiliyar 2015 tare da sake sanyawa Iran takunkumi  - wanda ya yi matukar tasiri ga tattalin arzikin Iran  - a matsayin wani bangare na dabarun gwamnatinsa na yin amfani da "mafi girman matsin lamba" a kan Iran. Iran da manufar kafa sabuwar yarjejeniyar nukiliya.   

Rundunar Quds, wacce Qasem Soleimani ya jagoranta, Canada,  Saudi Arabia, Bahrain,  da kuma Amurka   Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta sanya wa kan sa Soleimani takunkumi a matsayin kungiyar  Tarayyar Turai    kuma yana cikin jerin masu sa ido na ta'addanci na Amurka. 

Amurka ta ayyana Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis a matsayin dan ta'adda a shekarar 2009.  Ya kasance mataimakin kwamandan Rundunar Tattalin Arziki ta Iraki (PMF).  Ya kuma  Hezbollah, dakaru 25,000  da Japan  Daular Larabawa da Amurka 

### Muhimmancin kisan Soleimani
Janar Qasem Soleimani dai ana daukarsa a matsayin mutum na biyu mafi karfin iko a Iran, bayan Jagoran juyin juya halin Musulunci Ayatullah Sayyid Ali Khamenei  kuma a shekarunsa na baya ya samu matsayi na jarumta da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba, musamman tare da masu goyon bayan siyasar Iran mai tsauri. 

Tun bayan yakin Iran-Iraq (1980-1988), inda Saddam Hussein na kasar Iraki ya kai wa Iran hari tare da taimakon wasu kasashen yammacin duniya da suka goyi bayan Hussein a kan jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Ayatullah Ruhollah Khomeini a Tehran,  musamman ma. Amurka da ke ba da makamai da leken asiri ga Iraki,  Soleimani ya ci gaba da tsara dukkan manufofin Iran na ketare a Gabas ta Tsakiya    da kuma jigo a dukkan manufofin harkokin waje da na tsaro na Iran.  Ya ba da goyon baya mai mahimmanci ga gwamnatin Bashar al-Assad a lokacin yakin basasar Siriya .  A cikin wasikar da ya rubuta a shekara ta 2008 zuwa ga Janar David Petraeus na Amurka, sannan kuma kwamandan sojojin kasa da kasa a Iraki, ya ce: "Janar Petraeus, dole ne ka sani cewa ni Qasem Soleimani, ni ne mai kula da manufofin Iran game da Iraki da Lebanon ." Gaza da Afghanistan ".  An ambaci alakar da ake zargin Iran da Taliban a matsayin wani bangare na hujjar kisan Soleimani.  Hakan ya sanya kisan nasa da Amurka ta yi a ranar 3 ga Janairun 2020 ya zama babban tashin hankali  na takun saka tsakanin Amurka da Iran.

A cikin kwanaki bayan kisan Soleimani, shugabannin Iran sun lashi takobin "damuwa da ramuwar gayya"  "a wurare da kuma a lokutan da Amurka ba ta zato". 

#### Barazanar da aka yi wa Soleimani
Martani game da yadda Qasem Soleimani ya yi tasiri a Iraki da kuma ketare ya kasance batun muhawara tsakanin jami'an Amurka tsawon shekaru. A cikin watan Agustan 2007, yayin da jami'an sojan Amurka ke kokarin samun karin bayani game da jagorancin kungiyoyin da ke samun goyon bayan Iran da ke aiki a Iraki, sun samu sako ta hannun karamin ministan tsaron kasar Iraki, cewa Soleimani ya bukaci su san cewa shi ne. "Mai yanke shawara daya tilo kan ayyukan Iran a Iraki"
## Manazarta