Vivian Yam

Farfesa Vivian Yam Wing-wah (an haife shi 10 ga Fabrairu 1963)  CSci, CChem, FRSC,  masani ne a Hong Kong. Yam ita ce mace mafi karancin shekaru da aka taba zaba a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta kasar Sin. Ta kasance lambar yabo ta L'Oréal-UNESCO ta 2011 ga mata a fannin Kimiyya  "saboda aikinta kan kayan da ke fitar da haske da sabbin hanyoyin kama hasken rana."

## Shekarun farko da ilimi
An haifi Vivian Wing-Wah Yam a Hong Kong na Burtaniya. Mahaifinta injiniyan farar hula ne, ko da yake Yam ya ce shi ko mahaifiyarta ba su kai ta wajen aikinta ba. Yam ya ba da misali da ganin irin mercury da wata malamar aiki da ilimin halitta mai ciki wanda ya koyar da ita har zuwa minti na ƙarshe.

Yam ya halarci makarantar nahawu na Anglican. Ta sami B.Sc. a cikin ilmin sunadarai (1985) da digiri na PhD (1988) [5] a Jami'ar Hong Kong (HKU) inda ta kasance a cikin ƙungiyar badminton, tana karatu a ƙarƙashin Chi-Ming Che.

## Sana'a
A cikin 1988, ta zama ƙaramar jami'a a Sashen Nazarin Aiyuka na Kimiyya, City Polytechnic na Hong Kong; a lokacin, babu wuraren koyar da ilmin sinadarai kwata-kwata. Ta taimaka wajen kafa litattafan sunadarai na farko a cikin ɗakin karatu tare da ba da odar beke da sinadarai na farko.[3] Aikin Yam ya kai ta zuwa Caltech a ƙarshen 1980s, inda ta binciki spectrocsopy na jaha mai daɗi a ƙarƙashin Harry B. Gray. Bayan ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Rochester (tare da David G. Whitten) a 1990 ta tafi karatu a Kwalejin Imperial ta London a 1991 (tare da wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel Geoffrey Wilkinson) kuma ta zauna har zuwa 1992.[6] Binciken nata ya juya zuwa ga hadawar organometallic "yana nazarin haskakawar gidaje tare da hulɗar ƙarfe-karfe". Ta yi aiki tare da tetraethyllead wanda a lokacin ba haramun bane ga man fetur. Wannan aikin ya kasance akan iyaka tsakanin kwayoyin halitta da sinadarai.

Yam yana da alaƙa da abubuwan osmium, platinum da ruthenium. Ta shiga makarantar HKU a cikin 2001 inda ita ce Philip Wong Wilson Wong Farfesa na Chemistry da Makamashi. Yam ya zama Masanin Fulbright a 2007.

An zabi Yam a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta kasar Sin a shekarar 2001, tana da shekaru 38, ta zama mamba mafi karancin shekaru. Wanda ya riga ya riƙe wannan rikodin shi ne, Che, mashawarcin Yam na farko. An zabe ta a matsayin Fellow of Academy of Sciences for the Developing World a 2006 da kuma memba na Foreign Associate of National Academy of Sciences a 2012.

## Aikace-aikace
Binciken Yam ya yi magana ne game da diodes masu fitar da hasken halitta waɗanda suka fi haske da inganci waɗanda tsofaffin diodes masu fitar da haske; ilmin sinadarai nata ya ba da damar samar da ingantattun nuni ga wayoyin hannu da kwamfyutoci. Ana iya ajiye waɗannan OLED akan filayen filastik, gilashi ko ƙarin kayan da ba a saba gani ba don ƙirƙirar ingantattun fitilun mota da manyan filayen talabijin. Yam ya faɗi cewa kusan kashi biyar na ikon duniya ana amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar haske. Ƙirƙirar haske mai inganci zai shafi yawan wutar lantarki a duniya. Ta yi imanin ka'idar kididdigar cikin gida tana nuna cewa muna iya haɓaka fitilu bisa ga ƙarfe mai ɗauke da sinadarai masu inganci 100% 

## Aikace-aikace
Binciken Yam ya yi magana ne game da diodes masu fitar da hasken halitta waɗanda suka fi haske da inganci waɗanda tsofaffin diodes masu fitar da haske; ilmin sinadarai nata ya ba da damar samar da ingantattun nuni ga wayoyin hannu da kwamfyutoci. Ana iya ajiye waɗannan OLED akan filayen filastik, gilashi ko ƙarin kayan da ba a saba gani ba don ƙirƙirar ingantattun fitilun mota da manyan filayen talabijin. Yam ya faɗi cewa kusan kashi biyar na ikon duniya ana amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar haske. Ƙirƙirar haske mai inganci zai shafi yawan wutar lantarki a duniya. Ta yi imanin ka'idar kididdigar cikin gida tana nuna cewa muna iya haɓaka fitilu bisa ga ƙarfe mai ɗauke da sinadarai masu inganci 100% 

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa
Kyautar ta sun haɗa da lambar yabo ta HKU Fitaccen Mai Bincike (1999-2000), Babban Jami'in Bincike na Gidauniyar Croucher (2000-01), Fitattun Matasa Goma na Hong Kong a cikin 2002, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun mata da kyaututtukan 'yan kasuwa (2005), lambar yabo ta Kimiyyar dabi'a ta Jiha (Ajin Na biyu, 2005 na Chemistry & Centership), the Royal Society of Chentry & Lenten (2005/06), da lambar yabo na Lakca ta Ƙungiyar Photochemistry ta Jafananci don lambar yabo ta Asiya da Oceanian Photochemist Eikohsha Award, (2006), HKU Distinguished Research Achievement Award (2006/07), Hong Kong ƙwararrun Mata masu sana'a da lambar yabo ta 'yan kasuwa (2008), Ho Leung Hoificient Lee (2008), lambar yabo ta Teung Hoific. L'OREAL-UNESCO don Kyautar Kyautar Kimiyya ta Mata (2011), lambar yabo ta Sinawa ta 13th ta fi fice a duniya (2013). da lambar yabo ta Ludwig Mond ta Royal Society of Chemistry (2015). Asteroid 83363 Yamwingwah, wanda Bill Yeung ya gano a shekara ta 2001, an ba ta suna a cikin girmamawarta. Thearamar Planet Center ce ta buga ambaton sunan hukuma akan 17 ga Mayu 2011 (M.P.C. 75104). A cikin 2016, ta zama lambar yabo ta Masanin Kimiyyar Asiya ta 100 ta Masanin Kimiyyar Asiya.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
A cikin 1990, ta auri Patrick Shing-Tat Mak (Sinanci: 麥成達) wanda ta hadu da shi a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Che, inda suka gudanar da bincike tare. Suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu.

## Manazarta