Allan G. Bromely

**Allan G. Bromely** 1 Fabrairu 1947 - 16 Agusta 2002) masanin tarihin lissafi ne dan Ostiraliya wanda ya zama mai ikon duniya kan abubuwa da yawa na lissafin farko kuma ya kasance daya daga cikin masu tattara bayanan injina.

Ayyukan fahimtar injunan lissafin Charles Babbage shine babban gadon Allan Bromley. An sadaukar da fitowar Oktoba-Disamba 2000 na IEEE Annals of the History of Computing a gare shi don ingancin bincikensa akan wannan batu. Nazarinsa na tsarin Antikythera, tare da haɗin gwiwar Michael T. Wright, ya jagoranci samfurin farko na aiki na wannan tsohuwar kwamfutar analog.

Bromley wani farfesa ne a Jami'ar Sydney. Babban abin sha'awar ilimi shi ne tarihin kwamfutoci. Ya mutu daga Hodgkin's lymphoma.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Bromley a ranar 1 ga Fabrairun 1947 kuma an ba shi sunan kawunsa Allan, wanda aka kashe a New Guinea lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, da mahaifinsa George, wanda ya mutu a ranar 8 ga Agusta 1962. Bromley ya girma a kan kadada 30-acre (ha) a Freeman's Reach, a kan Kogin Hawkesbury, a New South Wales, Australia, a cikin wani gida mai tarihi, "Sunny Corner". Ya kammala karatunsa na sakandare a makarantar sakandare ta Richmond kuma a cikin 1964, yana da shekaru 17, ikon karatunsa ya ba shi damar yin karatun kimiyya a Jami'ar Sydney. An ba shi lambar yabo ta Cibiyar Nazarin Nukiliya, Jami'ar Sydney, Makarantar Kimiyya ta bazara, 1963.

Bromley ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1967, tare da digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, kuma ya ci gaba da samun digiri na bincike a fannin ilmin taurari An ba shi digirin digirgir ne a shekarar 1971. Aikin digirinsa na digiri na uku kan maser emission daga gajimaren iskar gas na interstellar yana buƙatar ƙididdige yawan ƙididdiga tare da manyan abubuwa masu yawa, kuma ya tada sha'awar yin lissafi.

Bromley yana da sha'awar mai son tarihin kere-kere, kuma yana sane da siffa ta kakanni na Charles Babbage. Ba wanda ya taɓa yin cikakken bincike game da takaddun Babbage kuma, a cikin wani yunƙuri na aiki mai ban mamaki, Bromley ya yanke shawarar zama masanin tarihi, kuma ya ɗauki hutun hutu na shekara a 1979 don yin aiki a kan Takardun Babbage a Gidan Tarihi na Kimiyya a London. Abin da ya samo yana da ban sha'awa: litattafan rubutu masu ɗauke da shafuka sama da 6,000 na rubutun Babbage da ba za a iya jurewa ba, zane-zanen inji 300, da rubuce-rubuce ɗari da yawa. Za su mamaye Bromley na shekaru masu zuwa. Aurensa na farko, da Jann Makepeace, a wannan lokacin ne. Bromley ya gamsar da Gidan Tarihi na Kimiyya a London cewa Babbage's Difference Engine No. 2, wanda aka tsara tsakanin 1847 da 1849, zai iya gina shi kuma, daga 1989 zuwa 1991, ya kasance.

Bayan injunan Babbage, Bromley ya ci gaba zuwa wasu kayan tarihi na lissafin tarihi. Ya yi wani bincike mai zurfi kan fasahar Antikythera, wanda masanin tarihin Yale Derek de Solla Price ya yi fice a farkon shekarun 1950. Farashin ya yi hasashe cewa tsarin, tun daga 50 BC, na'urar lissafin taurari ce. Tarihin Bromley a fannin ilmin taurari ya biya rabo, kuma bayan tafiye-tafiye da yawa zuwa Athens inda ya sami radiyo na hanyoyin ciki, kuma tare da taimakon mai yin agogo Frank Percival, a baya a Sydney, sun samar da aikin sake ginawa. A cikin Nuwamba 2000, an ba Bromley lambar yabo ta Sabis mai ban sha'awa kuma ya sanya Mataimakin Darakta na Gidan Tarihi na Powerhouse, Sydney.

A cikin 1998, bayan dogon lokaci na rashin lafiya, an gano shi yana da lymphoma na Hodgkin. Ya sadu da Anne Mitchell a lokacin kuma, a kan 15 Afrilu 2000 sun yi aure. Ya mutu a ranar 16 ga Agusta 2002.

## Tarin ayyukan sa
Bromley ya fara tattara na'urori masu ƙira a cikin 1979. Bayan shekara guda ya riga ya sami guda sittin. A ƙarshe ya kasance alhakin tarin tsofaffin kwamfutoci waɗanda a da ake nunawa a bayan falon ginin da ke ɗauke da Sashen Kimiyyar Kwamfuta na Jami'ar Sydney. A gida, yana da tarin ƙididdiga na inji, ƙa'idodin zamewa, da makamantansu. Ya kasance mai ba da gudummawa mai karimci na kayan tarihi ga gidajen tarihi a Ostiraliya, musamman ma gidan kayan tarihi na Powerhouse a Sydney, da kuma Australian Computer Museum Society Inc.

Tarin nasa ya haɗa da wasu gundumomi da ba kasafai ba. An dauki girman girman wurin da na'urori masu tsinkaya bindigogi guda hudu da gwamnatin Burtaniya suka kirkira kuma suka yi bayan yakin duniya na daya. Na'urorin da nauyinsu ya kai kusan rabin ton, sun nuna tsayin daka na kera; An fara amfani da su ne a yakin basasar Spain da kuma lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. Sun yi aiki a cikin lokaci na gaske kuma suna iya yin hasashen kusurwar harbe-harbe don fashe harsashi a cikin mita 10 na jirgin sama a wani abu da ya kai mita 10,000.

## Injin sarrafa kwamfuta na Charles Babbage

Yawancin tattaunawa game da tarihin kwamfuta suna farawa da Charles Babbage, kuma abin da muka sani game da Bambancin Charles Babbage da injunan Nazari da gaske yana farawa da karatun Allan Bromley.

Wani ɓangare na karatun Allan Bromley shine bincikensa, a ɗakin karatu na Kimiyyar Kimiyya da ke Landan, na ainihin zane-zane na Injin Bambanci da Injin Analytical wanda Charles Babbage ya tsara sama da ƙarni ɗaya da suka gabata. Wadannan nazarce-nazarce da cikakken nazari da fassarar sun kai ga sake gina Injin Difference No. 2 karkashin jagorancin Doron Swade:

## Injin na Antikythera
Bromley ya gina wani ɓangare na sake gina tsarin Antikythera, ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin ingantattun hanyoyin da aka sani. Yin aiki tare da Frank Percival, mai kera agogo na Sydney, ya inganta kan sake ginawa na farko da Derek J. de Solla Price ya yi. Bayan gwada ka'idar Price ta amfani da sassan Meccano, Bromley ya gano cewa tsarin ba ya aiki. Aiki tare da Percival, ya inganta na'urar ta hanyar canza aikin rikewa ta yadda cikakkiyar jujjuyawar guda ɗaya zata yi daidai da kwana ɗaya, wanda ya ɗauka a matsayin mafi bayyanannen na'urar astronomical. Bromley yayi aiki tare da saitin sassa iri ɗaya kamar Farashin, amma ana zargin cewa gibi a cikin injin shine asalin gida ga ƙarin kayan aiki da yawa.

## Manazarta