Dokar Ayyukan Canjin Yanayi ta Tarayya

**Dokar Ayyukan Canjin Yanayi ta Tarayya** (harshen Jamus: Bundes-Klimaschutzgesetz, KSG) wata dokar tarayya ce ta Jamus da aka yi niyya don tabbatar da cikar manufofin rage sauyin yanayi na ƙasa da kuma bin manufofin Turai. Dokar Ayyukan Sauyin yanayi ta tanadi aikin sauyin yanayi da maƙasudin sashe da aka tsara a cikin Shirin Ayyukan Yanayi na Jamus na 2050 a cikin doka a karon farko: Za a rage fitar da iskar gas ta Greenhouse da aƙalla 65% ƙasa da tushen 1990 nan da 2030 kuma da aƙalla 88% nan da 2040. Za a cimma tsaka mai wuya ta hanyar 2.5. Bugu da kari, dokar ta tsara maƙasudin raguwa na shekara-shekara har zuwa shekarar 2040. Ga sassa daban-daban na tattalin arziƙi, ana ƙayyadadden yawan hayaki na shekara-shekara har zuwa 2030. Idan abin ya wuce yawan adadin hayaki na shekara-shekara na wani sashe, dole ne Ma'aikatar Tarayya da ke da alhakin gabatar da shirin aiwatar da gaggawa cikin watanni uku.

Tushen shi ne sadaukar da kai a karkashin yarjejeniyar Paris a karkashin tsarin yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan sauyin yanayi, wanda a cewarsa dole ne a iyakance karuwar matsakaicin zafin duniya zuwa kasa da 2°C kuma, idan zai yiwu, zuwa 1.5°C idan aka kwatanta da matakan da aka riga aka kafa masana’antu domin rage tasirin sauyin yanayi Dokar ta kafa majalisar kwararru kan sauyin yanayi.

## Tarihi

### Daftarin doka
An amince da aiwatar da dokar tsakanin CDU, CSU da SPD a cikin yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa na lokacin majalisa na 19 na Bundestag. A ranar 18 ga Fabrairu 2019, Ministan Muhalli na Tarayya Svenja Schulze (SPD) ya gabatar da daftarin doka na Dokar Ayyukan Yanayi na Tarayya. A cikin sigar farko ta dokar, za a rage fitar da hayaki mai gurbata yanayi da kashi 55 cikin 100 kasa da matakin bincike na 1990 nan da shekarar 2030. Wani muhimmin sashi na Dokar Ayyukan Ayyukan Yanayi na Tarayya shine rabon alhakin sassan (Sashe na 4, Sakin layi na 4 na daftarin Dokar Ayyukan Yanayi na Tarayya). Domin makamashi, masana'antu, sufuri, gine-gine, noma, sarrafa sharar gida, da sauran sassa, an saita iyakacin raguwar hayaki na shekara-shekara (Sashe na 4, sakin layi na 1 na daftarin Dokar Ayyukan Yanayi na Tarayya), kuma bin wannan iyaka shine alhakin ma'aikatar tarayya da aka sanya wa sashin. Idan an wuce iyakar fitar da hayaki na shekara-shekara, dole ne ma'aikatar da ke da alhakin siyan ƙarin alawus-alawus na fitar da hayaki daga kasafin kuɗinta (Sashe na 6 da 7 na daftarin Dokar Ayyukan Yanayi na Tarayya). CDU ta yi watsi da wannan ma'anar ma'anar manufofin sashen a cikin Maris. Maƙasudin shekara-shekara a cikin sigar farko ta dokar ta fara ne a cikin 2020 tare da tushen tushe na 35% ƙasa da adadi na 1990 na 1251 Mt, kodayake manufar da ta gabata ita ce raguwar 40% a cikin 2020; na shekarun 2020 zuwa 2023, don haka doka za ta ba da damar yin hayaki mai yawa.

Bayan da fadar gwamnatin tarayya ba ta gabatar da dokar ba saboda kin amincewa da ma'aikatun da kungiyar ke jagoranta, Ministan Muhalli na Tarayya Schulze ya kaddamar da tsarin hadin gwiwa a ranar 27 ga Mayu. Daga nan sai Gwamnatin Tarayya ta nuna rashin amincewa a cikin wata wasika ga "farawa na haɗin kai tsakanin sassan, aika zuwa jihohi da ƙungiyoyi, da kuma buga a kan Intanet".

### Tsarin doka
Dangane da shawarar majalisar ministocin yanayi, Majalisar Dokokin Tarayya ta zartar da Dokar Ayyukan Yanayi ta Tarayya a ranar 9 ga Oktoba, 2019, kuma an gabatar da ita a cikin Bundestag. A ranar 15 ga Nuwamba 2019, majalisar dokokin Bundestag ta amince da kudirin a cikin babban suka daga 'yan adawa. A sa'i daya kuma, an yanke shawarar rage yawan kudin harajin VAT na zirga-zirgar jiragen kasa na dogon lokaci daga kashi 19 zuwa 7 cikin dari, tun daga farkon shekarar 2020, don karfafa zirga-zirgar jiragen kasa. Koyaya, an kuma amince da ƙarin izinin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa da kuma kuɗin motsa jiki na ɗan lokaci don masu karamin karfi. Majalisar Tarayya ta amince da Dokar Ayyukan Yanayi a taronta a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba, game da dokar da ke aiwatar da Shirin Ayyukan Yanayi na 2030 a cikin dokar haraji  (misali tikitin jirgin kasa mai nisa, masu tafiya) amma ya kira kwamitin sulhu; Tuni dai Majalisar Tarayya ta bukaci a yi adalci, daidai kuma daidai gwargwado wajen raba karin kudaden shiga ga gwamnatin tarayya da kuma rage kudaden haraji ga jihohi da kananan hukumomi a karatu na farko. Kwamitin sulhu ya gana a ranar 9 ga Disamba.

## Manazarta