Yanayin ƙasar Ecuador

**[[Ecuador]]** ƙasa ce a yammacin Kudancin Amurka, da ke kan iyakar Tekun Pacific a Equator, wanda aka sanya sunan ƙasar. Ecuador ta ƙunshi nau'o'i da yanayi masu yawa, daga bakin tekun kudancin hamada da tsaunukan Andes zuwa filayen Amazon Basin. Cotopaxi a Ecuador yana daya daga cikin manyan tsaunuka masu saurin fashewa a duniya. Har ila yau, yana da manyan koguna da ke bin iyakar kudanci kuma suna zubowa cikin yankin arewa maso yammacin Peru.

## Yankin da iyakoki


Ecuador is located on the west by the Pacific Ocean, and has 2,237&nbsp;km of coastline. It has 2237&nbsp;km of land boundaries, with Colombia in the north (708&nbsp;km border) and Peru in the east and south (1,529&nbsp;km border).  is land and  water. Ecuador is one of the smallest countries in South America, but bigger than Uruguay, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana. It has the 29th largest exclusive economic zone of  which includes the Galápagos Islands.

## Birane

## Yankunan ƙasa

Ecuador ta kasu kashi uku na nahiyoyi - Costa (gabar teku), Sierra (dutse), da Oriente (gabas) - da kuma yankin tsibiri guda ɗaya, tsibirin Galápagos (a hukumance Archipiélago de Colón). Yankunan nahiyar sun shimfiɗa tsawon ƙasar daga arewa zuwa kudu kuma Dutsen Andes sun raba su.

### Tsibirin Galápagos
Galápagos suna da nisan kilomita 1,000 (621  a yammacin bakin tekun Ecuador. An san su da alaƙarsu da Charles Darwin, wanda lura da dabbobi a nan yayin Tafiyar  ya haifar da kafa ka'idar Zaɓin halitta a matsayin hanyar juyin halitta. Tsibirin sun ga yawan masu yawon bude ido da matafiya a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Dabbobi na musamman da za a iya samu a nan sun hada da blue footed boobies, iguanas da sauransu da yawa. Ayyukan jirgin sama na ciki daga Ecuador zuwa Galápagos suma suna samuwa ga masu yawon bude ido suna sa ya fi dacewa ga baƙi daga waje.

Makarantar hammerheads, Wolf Island, Galápagos Islands

### Kogin
Yankin yammacin bakin teku na Ecuador yana da iyaka da Tekun Pacific zuwa yamma, ya ƙunshi fili mai faɗi na bakin teku, sannan ya tashi zuwa tuddai na Dutsen Andes zuwa gabas. An kiyasta cewa an kawar da kashi 98% na gandun daji na bakin teku na Ecuador don tallafawa kiwon shanu da sauran kayan aikin gona, gami da ayaba, koko da gonakin kofi. Yankunan gandun daji da har yanzu suna rayuwa ana samun su ne a kan tsaunukan bakin teku na Mache-Chindul, Jama-Coaque, da Chongon-Colonche, kuma sun haɗa da gandun daji mai bushe na wurare masu zafi, gandun daji na wurare masu laushi, gandun dajin girgije na premontane, da gandun da gandun mangrove. Gabaɗaya an san su da Pacific Equatorial Forest, waɗannan ragowar gandun daji ana ɗaukar su mafi haɗari a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi a duniya, kuma suna cikin ɓangaren Tumbes-Choco-Magdalena biodiversity hotspot. Guayaquil, wanda ke kudancin bakin tekun shine birni mafi girma a kasar. A arewacin gabar tekun Ecuador ana amfani da tashar jiragen ruwa ta Balao a Emeralds don fitar da mai kuma tashar jiragen sama ta Manta ta kasance ta Amurka a matsayin wurin sarrafawa don kula da zirga-zirgar miyagun ƙwayoyi har zuwa 2009.

Wani bincike na baya-bayan nan ya ba da shawarar cewa akwai 635 km2 na filayen ruwa a Ecuador, yana mai da shi ƙasa ta 41 dangane da yankin filayen ruwa.&nbsp;

Tsakiyar belin Ecuador wanda ya haɗa da Dutsen Andes, tare da tsaunuka masu fitattun wuta da tsaunukan tsaunuka waɗanda ke yin dusar ƙanƙara a duk shekara a kan ma'auni. Yankunan da yawa na Sierra an sare su don samar da hanyar noma da kuma ayyukan shuka-fure da yawa. A wani tsawo, ana iya samun gandun daji na girgije.

Yankin Andes na arewacin Ecuador sun kasu kashi uku masu kama da juna waɗanda ke gudana a cikin abin da ya yi kama da S-shaped daga arewa zuwa kudu: yamma, tsakiya (Cordillerra Real) da gabas (Cordillera Occidental). An kafa cordilleras a baya a zamanin Cenozoic (lokacin yanayin ƙasa na yanzu), kamar yadda Nazca Plate ya ragu a ƙarƙashin Kudancin Amurka Plate kuma ya ɗaga tsaunuka. A kudu, ba a bayyana tsaunuka sosai ba.

Quito, babban birnin, yana cikin kwarin dutse mai tsawo a gindin tsaunuka na Pichincha (dutse mai fitattun wuta). Garin Baños de Agua Santa yana da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai zafi a kan tuddai na Tungurahua a cikin Cordillera ta Tsakiya. Hanyar daga Baños zuwa Puyo an san ta da daɗewa saboda ƙanƙanta, ƙuƙwalwa da saukowa (hanya ɗaya kawai a wasu wurare, a wani yanki, a zahiri an yanke shi a gefen dutsen don rufin dutsen ya rufe shi). Hanyar da ta fi muhimmanci gabas zuwa yamma a fadin Andes ita ce hanyar daga Quito zuwa Lago Agrio, wanda aka shimfiɗa shi don mafi yawan tsawonsa duk da haka yana da nauyi ta hanyar tractor-trailers - kuma Trans-Ecuadorian Oil Pipeline yana aiki a matsayin mai tsaron gida na dogon lokaci na wannan hanyar.

#### Shahararrun duwatsu da Dutsen wuta
 

* Chimborazo (mita 6,267 (20,561 ) dutsen wuta mara aiki, mafi nisa daga tsakiyar duniya.
* Cotopaxi (mita 5,897 (19,347 ) ita ce dutsen mai fitattun wuta a duniya.
* Illiniza (mita 5,248 (17,218 ) 
* Tungurahua (mita 5,023 (16,480 ) Dutsen wuta ne mai aiki a fashewa tun 1998 kusa da Baños-Tunguragua
* Pichincha (mita 4,784 (15,696 ) dutsen wuta da ke kallon Quito

Kashi, teburin da ba cikakke ba na tsaunuka masu fitattun wuta a arewacin Andes na Ecuador, daga arewa zuwa kudu:

### El Oriente (gabas) Amazon Basin
Yawancin Gabas gandun *daji* ne mai laushi mai laushi (Spanish: la selva), a kan gangaren gabas na Dutsen Andes kuma yana saukowa cikin Amazon Basin, tare da gandun daji daban-daban tare da tsaunuka masu tsawo, tsaunuka da raƙuman ruwa (za a iya gani a kusa da Puyo) da gandun dajin ruwan sama. Filin mai suna cikin kwandon Amazon, wanda ke da hedikwatar a Lago Agrio; wasu daga cikin gandun daji sun lalace sosai a wannan yankin kuma lalacewar muhalli tana da tsanani, tare da gurɓataccen man fetur a wasu yankuna. Kimanin kashi 38% na ƙasar Ecuador gandun daji ne,  kuma duk da kashi 1.5% na shekara-shekara ya kasance ɗayan wurare masu yawa a duniya. Gabas kuma gida ce ga yawancin 'yan asalin Ecuador, musamman ma Quechua, Siona, Secoya, Huaorani, da Cofán.

## Rashin ruwa
 

Kusan dukkan koguna a Ecuador sun tashi a yankin Sierra kuma suna gudana zuwa gabas zuwa Kogin Amazon ko yamma zuwa Tekun Pacific. Koguna suna tashi daga dusar ƙanƙara a gefen tsaunuka masu dusar ƙara ko kuma daga ruwan sama mai yawa wanda ke fadowa a tsaunuka mafi girma. A yankin Sierra, koguna da koguna suna da ƙanƙanta kuma suna gudana da sauri a kan gangaren da ke da tsaunuka. Koguna na iya raguwa da faɗaɗa yayin da suke ƙetare hoyas duk da haka suna sake zama da sauri yayin da suke gudana daga tsaunukan Andes zuwa ƙananan tsaunuka na sauran yankuna. Kogunan tsaunuka suna fadada yayin da suke shiga yankunan da suka fi dacewa na Costa da Oriente.

A yankin Costa, Costa Externa yana da mafi yawan koguna masu saurin wucewa waɗanda ruwan sama ke ciyar da su daga Disamba zuwa Mayu kuma suna zama koguna marasa amfani a lokacin fari. Ƙananan banbanci sune koguna masu tsawo, waɗanda ke gudana a ko'ina cikin Costa Externa daga Costa Internal da Sierra a kan hanyarsu zuwa Tekun Pacific. Kogin Costa Internal, ya bambanta da haka, koguna masu tasowa waɗanda zasu iya ambaliya a lokacin ruwan sama, wani lokacin suna samar da maras kyau.

Tsarin Kogin Guayas, wanda ke gudana zuwa kudu zuwa Tekun Guayaquil, shine mafi mahimmancin tsarin magudanar ruwa a cikin Costa Internal. Kogin Guayas, gami da ƙasar da ke cikin kogin, yana da murabba'in kilomita 40,000 a yankin. Kogin Guayas mai tsawon kilomita sittin ya samo asali ne daga arewacin Guayaquil daga haɗuwar kogin Babahoyo da Daule. A takaice an ƙuntata shi a Guayaquil ta tuddai, Guayas ya faɗaɗa a kudancin birnin kuma yana gudana ta hanyar hanyar hanyar sadarwar deltaic na ƙananan tsibirai da tashoshi. A bakinsa, kogin ya zama babban kogi tare da tashoshi biyu a kusa da Tsibirin Puná, wanda aka yi amfani da zurfinsa don kewayawa.

Babban tsarin kogin Costa na biyu, Esmeraldas, ya tashi a cikin Hoya de Quito a cikin Sierra a matsayin Kogin Guayllabamba kuma yana gudana zuwa yamma don komai a cikin Tekun Pacific kusa da birnin Esmeraldes. Kogin Esmeraldas yana da tsawon kilomita 320 kuma yana da kwandon ruwa mai murabba'in kilomita 20,000.

Manyan koguna a Gabas sun hada da Pastaza, Napo, da Putumayo . An kafa Pastaza ne ta hanyar haɗuwa da kogin Chambo da Patate, dukansu biyu sun tashi a cikin Sierra. Pastaza ya haɗa da faduwar ruwa ta Agoyan, wanda a mita sittin da daya (200 feet) shine mafi girman faduwar mmiri a Ecuador. Napo ya tashi kusa da Dutsen Cotopaxi kuma shine babban kogi da ake amfani da shi don sufuri a cikin ƙasashen gabas. Napo yana da faɗin daga 500 zuwa 1,800  . A samansa, Napo yana gudana da sauri har sai ya haɗu da ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyinsa, Kogin Coca, inda yake raguwa kuma ya ragu. Putumayo ya zama wani ɓangare na iyaka da Colombia. Dukkanin wadannan koguna suna gudana cikin Kogin Amazon. Tsibirin Galápagos ba su da manyan koguna. Yawancin tsibirai masu girma, duk da haka, suna da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, kodayake Tekun Pacific ke kewaye da su.
 

Kowane yanki yana da dalilai daban-daban waɗanda ke shafar yanayin sa. Costa yana da tasiri da farko ta hanyar kusanci da ruwan teku mai dumi ko sanyi. Sabanin haka, yanayi a cikin Sierra ya bambanta da yawa a matsayin aikin tsawo. Gabas tana da yanayi iri ɗaya wanda ya bambanta kadan tsakanin yankuna biyu. Yanayi a cikin tsibirin Galápagos yana da matsakaici ta hanyar raƙuman teku kuma yana shafar tsawo. A duk faɗin Ecuador bambancin ruwan sama da farko yana ƙayyade yanayi. Ana ƙayyade zafin jiki ta hanyar tsawo. Tare da kowane hawan mita 200 (656 ">ft)  a tsawo, zafin jiki ya sauka 1 ° C (1.8 ° F). Wannan sabon abu yana da mahimmanci a cikin Sierra.

### Dutsen Sierra
Zazzabi a cikin Saliyo bai bambanta sosai ba akan yanayi; mafi zafi matsakaicin 16 °C (60.8 °F) kuma watan mafi sanyi, 13 °C (55.4 °F) a cikin tudu na sama.  Yanayin zafin rana, duk da haka, ya bambanta sosai, daga safiya mai sanyi zuwa rana mai zafi.  Kusan rana a tsaye da kuma iska mai ƙarancin ƙarfi a cikin babban yankin Saliyo suna ba da damar ƙasar ta yi dumi da sauri da rana kuma ta rasa zafi da sauri da daddare.  Safiya yawanci suna da haske da rana, yayin da la'asar sukan zama gajimare da ruwan sama.  Gabaɗaya, yawan ruwan sama ya fi girma akan wuraren da aka fallasa a ƙananan tudu.  Hakanan ruwan sama na iya bambanta bisa ga gida.  Kwaruruka masu mafaka yawanci suna karɓar milimita 500 (inci 19.7) a kowace shekara, yayin da ruwan sama na shekara ya kai milimita 1,500 (59.1 in) a Quito kuma yana iya kaiwa milimita 2,500 (98.4 in) akan gangaren gangaren da ke kama iska mai ɗaukar ruwan sama.  A lokaci guda, watanni mafi bushewa shine Yuni zuwa Satumba

Sauyin yanayi a Saliyo ya kasu kashi biyu bisa tsayin daka.  Matsayin wurare masu zafi (mita 400 zuwa 1,800 [1,312 zuwa 5,906 ft]) yana da yanayin zafi daga 20 zuwa 25 °C (68.0 zuwa 77.0 °F) da hazo mai yawa.  Matsayin da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa (mita 1,800 zuwa 2,500 [5,906 zuwa 8,202 ft]) yana da yanayin zafi daga 15 zuwa 20 °C (59 zuwa 68 °F) da matsakaicin hazo.  Matsayin yanayin zafi (mita 2,500 zuwa 3,200 [8,202 zuwa 10,499 ft]) yana da zazzabi na tsawon shekara a cikin kewayon 10 zuwa 15 °C (50 zuwa 59 °F) da ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na milimita 1,000 (39.4 in).  Matsayin yanayin zafi yana fuskantar hadari, ƙanƙara, da hazo.  Lokacin hunturu, ko damina, yana daga Janairu zuwa Yuni, da lokacin rani ko lokacin rani daga Yuli zuwa Disamba.  Yawancin ruwan sama yana sauka a watan Afrilu.  Hakanan akwai ɗan gajeren lokacin damina a farkon Oktoba wanda danshi ke shiga Saliyo daga Gabas.  Quito da galibin sauran wuraren da ke da yawan jama'a a cikin Saliyo suna cikin wannan yanayin yanayin.  Matsayin sanyi ya ƙaru daga yankin mai zafi zuwa mita 4,650 (15,256 ft).  Anan, matsakaita yanayin zafi shine 3 zuwa 9 °C (37.4 zuwa 48.2 °F), kuma hazo yakan bayyana ta hanyar ruwan sama, ƙanƙara, da hazo mai kauri.  Sama da mita 4,650 (15,256 ft) shine matakin daskararre, inda kololuwa ke rufewa da dusar ƙanƙara da ƙanƙara, kuma yanayin zafi yana daga ƙasa 0 zuwa 3 °C (32.0 zuwa 37.4 °F).  Hazo akai-akai yana cikin nau'in dusar ƙanƙara, hazo, da ruwan sama

### Gabas / Amazon
Yankunan gabas a Gabas suna fuskantar ruwan sama mai yawa, musamman  Andean Piedmont, wani lokacin yana wucewa  in) a kowace shekara. Yanayin zafi yana da matsakaicin  ° C (77 ° F) a sassan yammacin wannan yankin. Filayen da aka rufe da gandun daji na ƙasashen gabas suna yin rikodin matakan ruwan sama da yanayin zafi wanda ya wuce  ° C (82.4 ° F).

Kasancewa a kan equator, tsibiran Galápagos za su sami yanayi na equatorial idan ba don gyare-gyaren tasirin Peruvian Current ba.  Madadin haka, yanayi a tsibirin yana bin tsari kamar na Saliyo fiye da Costa.  A matakin teku, ƙasar tana kama da hamada tare da yanayin zafi na 21 °C (69.8 °F).  Watanni takwas na rani ba sa samun hazo, yayin da watannin hunturu na Janairu zuwa Afrilu suna da hazo da digo.  Sama da matakin teku zuwa tsayin mita 450 (1,476 ft), tsibiran suna da cakuɗen yanayi na wurare masu zafi, wurare masu zafi, da yanayin zafi.  Gabaɗaya, yanayin zafi yana kusa da 17 °C (62.6 °F).  Akwai hazo da ɗigon ruwa akai-akai a lokacin rani da ruwan sama a cikin hunturu.  Matsayin sanyi sama da mita 450 (1,476 ft) yana da yanayin zafi ƙasa da 14 °C (57.2 °F).  Yana da sanyi tare da bakin tekun wurare masu zafi.

## Babban tsawo

* mafi ƙasƙanci: Tekun Pacific 0 m
* mafi girman matsayi: Chimborazo 6,267 m

## Albarkatun halitta
Ecuador tana da ƙasa mai wadata da man fetur. Babban kayan kamun kifi sun hada da herring da mackerel. Sauran albarkatun kasa sun hada da katako da wutar lantarki.

## Amfani da ƙasa

* ƙasa mai noma: 4.62%
* amfanin gona na dindindin: 5.57%
* wani: 89.81% (2012 est.) 

### Ƙasar da ake ba ruwa

### Jimlar albarkatun ruwa masu sabuntawa
424.4 km3 (2011) &nbsp;

### Rashin ruwa mai laushi (na gida / masana'antu / aikin gona)

* jimlar: 9.92 km3/shekara (13%/6%/81%) &nbsp;
* ga kowane mutum: 716.1 m3/shekara (2005)

## Haɗarin Halitta

* Yankin kudu - Yankin da ke kusa da Peru, Chinchipe Canton
* Yammacin Yamma - Tsibirin Fernandina, Tsibirin Galápagos
* Yammacin Yammacin (ƙasar) - Yankin Santa Elena, Salinas Canton
* Yankin gabas - iyaka da Peru, Lardin Orellana
* Matsayi mafi tsawo - Chimborazo: 6,267 m
* Matsayi mafi ƙasƙanci - Tekun Pacific: 0 m

## Manazarta