Dick Button

**Maɓallin Richard Totten** (Yuli 18, 1929 - Janairu 30, 2025) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Amurka kuma manazarci. Ya kasance zakaran Olympic sau biyu (1948, 1952) kuma zakaran duniya sau biyar a jere (1948-1952). Haka kuma shi ne kadai mutumin da ba Bature ba da ya zama zakaran Turai. Maballin an lasafta shi a matsayin wanda ya kasance dan wasan skater na farko da ya samu nasarar saukar da tsallen Axel sau biyu a gasar a shekarar 1948, da kuma tsalle-tsalle na farko na kowane iri - madauki sau uku - a cikin 1952. Ya kuma kirkiro juzu'in rakumi mai tashi, wanda asalinsa aka sani da "Button rakumi".
Ya "kawo karuwar wasan motsa jiki" don kwatanta wasan kankara a cikin shekarun bayan yakin duniya na biyu.
 A cewar masanin tarihin wasan kankara James R. Hines, Button yana wakiltar “Makarantar Amurka” na wasan tseren ƙwallon ƙafa, wanda ya kasance salon wasan motsa jiki fiye da sket daga Turai.
## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Button a ranar 18 ga Yuli, 1929, kuma ya girma a Englewood, New Jersey. Ya sauke karatu a 1947 daga Englewood School for Boys (yanzu Dwight-Englewood School). Ya fara wasan kankara tun yana karami amma bai fara atisaye sosai ba har yana dan shekara 12, bayan da mahaifinsa ya ji ana gaya masa cewa ba zai taba zama dan wasan ska na kwarai ba. Mahaifin Button ya aika da shi zuwa Lake Placid, New York, don horar da koci Gus Lussi, wanda ya horar da shi a tsawon aikinsa na gasa.
## Sana'a
#### Amateur
Don gajartawar tsalle, duba tsalle-tsalle na skating.
### Gasa na farko
A gasarsa ta farko, Gasar Novice na Jihohin Gabas ta 1943, Button ya gama na biyu zuwa Jean-Pierre Brunet. A shekara ta 1944, ya lashe kambun karamar hukumar Gabas wanda ya ba shi damar yin takara a Gasar Novice ta kasa. Ya lashe gasar. A cikin 1945, shekararsa ta uku ta yin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta gaske, ya ci babban matsayi na Jihohin Gabas da babban taken ƙasa. Hakanan ya kasance nau'i-nau'i na kankara, kuma ya yi gasa tare da Barbara Jones a cikin ƙananan nau'i-nau'i a gasar cin kofin Gabas ta 1946. Sun yi shirin Button na guda ɗaya gefe-da-gefe tare da ƙananan gyare-gyare kuma sun yi nasara. Wannan gasa, inda Button kuma ya yi takara a matsayin skater guda ɗaya, ya jagoranci zuwa Gasar Amurka ta 1946. Yana da shekara 16, Button ya lashe Gasar Cin Kofin Amurka ta 1946 ta hanyar kuri'a gaba ɗaya. A cewar Button, wannan shi ne karo na farko da wani ya lashe kambun maza na novice, ƙarami, da manyan mukamai a cikin shekaru uku a jere. Button ya ci gaba da lashe wasu gasa shida na kasa (1947 – 1951), yana daura rikodin da Roger Turner ya kafa, wanda ya ci ‘yan asalin Amurka bakwai tsakanin 1928 da 1934. Wannan nasara ta sami Button wuri a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1947.
#### 1947 Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya
A Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1947, Button ya kasance na biyu a bayan abokin hamayyarsa Hans Gerschwiler yana bin alkaluman da suka wajaba na gasar, tare da maki 34.9 ya raba su. Ya lashe kyautar wasan tsere na kyauta, amma Gerschwiler yana da mafi yawan wurare na farko daga alƙalai, uku zuwa na Button biyu. Button ya lashe lambar azurfa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta farko. Wannan ne karo na karshe da ya yi kasa da na farko a gasar. A gasar, Ulrich Salchow ya yi abota da Button. Salchow, wanda ya ji takaici lokacin da Button bai yi nasara ba, ya ba shi gasar cin kofin duniya na farko da Salchow ya ci a 1901. Maballin daga baya ya ba da wannan kofi ga John Misha Petkevich bayan wasannin Olympics na 1972 da gasar cin kofin duniya. Yarda da cewa Gerschwiler ya fi fahimtar kankara a waje, Button ya yanke shawarar ɗan lokaci yana horo a waje a kotunan wasan tennis na Lake Placid.
#### 1948 gasar cin kofin Turai
Button ya sake fuskantar Gerschwiler a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 1948. Maballin ya jagoranci bayan adadi a cikin maki, yana da maki 749 zuwa Gerschwiler's 747.8, amma Gerschwiler ya jagoranci wurin sanyawa, tare da 14 zuwa Button's 15. A lokacin wasan tsere na kyauta, Button ya yi shirinsa na Olympics a karon farko. Ya yi nasara, tare da sanya 11 zuwa Gerschwiler's 18. Bayan wannan shekarar, lokacin da 'yan Arewacin Amurka suka dauki kambun maza da mata, wadanda ba Turawa ba sun daina shiga gasar cin kofin Turai. Maballin shine kawai Ba'amurke da ya ci gasar Turai.
#### 1948 Olympics
A gasar Olympics ta lokacin sanyi ta 1948, Button ya jagoranci Gerschwiler da maki 29.6 biyo bayan alkaluman adadin gasar, bayan da ya ci hudu daga cikin alkaluma biyar. Button ya kasance yana ƙoƙarin tsallen Axel sau biyu a aikace amma bai taɓa saukar da shi ba. A aikace a ranar kafin taron wasan tsere na kyauta, Button ya sauko ɗaya a aikace a karon farko. Ya yanke shawarar sanya shi a cikin wasan tserensa na kyauta don gobe. Maballin ya saukar da shi a cikin gasa, ya zama ɗan wasan skater na farko a duniya da ya yi hakan. Maɓallin ya sami na farko takwas da daƙiƙa biyu, don jimlar wurare 10. Gerschwiler yana da 23. Wannan haɗe da sakamakon ƙididdiga ya ba Button lambar zinare. Yana da shekaru 18 ya zama, kuma ya kasance, matashi mafi ƙaranci da ya lashe zinari na Olympics a wasan tseren ƙwallon ƙafa.
#### 1948 gasar cin kofin duniya
Button ya ci gaba da lashe gasar cin kofin duniya na 1948, inda ya fuskanci Gerschwiler a karo na karshe. Button ya lashe gasar. A lokacin, an gudanar da gasar cin kofin Amurka bayan gasar cin kofin duniya, kuma Button ya kammala kakarsa ta hanyar kare kambunsa na kasa. A cikin Fabrairu 1948, Button, kocinsa, da mahaifiyarsa sun kasance a Prague don yin nuni. An makale a can bayan boren gurguzu kuma sojojin Amurka ne suka ciro su. A cikin 1949, Button ya lashe lambar yabo ta Sullivan a matsayin fitaccen ɗan wasa mai son a Amurka. Yana ɗaya daga cikin ƴan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa guda biyu kacal da suka lashe wannan lambar yabo. Evan Lysacek shine ɗayan.
#### shekarun jami'a
Button ya yi niyya don halartar Jami'ar Yale tun daga farkon shekara ta 1947, amma an dage shi shekara guda saboda gasar Olympics. Ko da yake tun da farko an tabbatar masa da cewa wasan kankara ba zai samu matsala ba muddin maki ya yi kyau, daga baya aka sanar da shi cewa ba zai iya ci gaba da fafatawa ba idan yana son zuwa Yale. A kan shawara daga mutane daga Skating Club na Boston, Button ya yi amfani da shi, kuma an karɓa a, Kwalejin Harvard. Button ya kasance dalibi na cikakken lokaci a Harvard yayin da yake wasan tseren tsere kuma ya kammala karatunsa a 1952 kuma ya kasance memba na kungiyar Delphic, daya daga cikin zabin "Kungiyoyin Karshe" na Jami'ar.
A matsayinsa na mai rike da kambun mulki da na kare, da kuma kasancewa dan wasan skater na farko da ya yi Axel biyu da rakumi mai tashi, Maballin yana fuskantar matsin lamba don yin sabon tsalle ko juyi kowace kakar. A cikin 1949, ya yi haɗin 2Lo-2Lo. Shi ne wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta James E. Sullivan a matsayin babban dan wasa na Amurka na 1949, ya zama dan wasan skater na farko da ya lashe kyautar. A cikin 1950, ya yi 2Lo-2Lo-2Lo. A cikin 1951, ya yi haɗin 2A-2Lo da jerin 2A-2A. Don wasannin Olympics na lokacin hunturu na 1952, Button da Lussi sun fara aiki akan tsalle sau uku. Sun zauna kan horar da madauki uku. Button ya saukar da shi a karon farko a aikace a cikin Disamba 1951 a Skating Club na Boston, kuma a karon farko a nuni a Vienna bayan Gasar Turai.
#### 1952 Olympics
A gasar Olympics ta lokacin sanyi ta 1952, Button yana da jagora bayan alkaluma, tare da wurare tara na farko, sama da Helmut Seibt. Maballin maɓalli ya kai 1,000.2 zuwa Seibt's 957.7.[aƙalla ana buƙata] A lokacin shirinsa na skate kyauta, Button ya sami nasarar saukar da madauki sau uku, ya zama mutum na farko da ya kammala tsalle sau uku a gasarYa zama ɗan wasan skater na uku da ya lashe lambobin zinare biyu na Olympics bayan Gillis Grafström. Shi ne mutum na karshe da ya kare kambunsa na Olympics a wasan tsere har sai da Yuzuru Hanyu ya lashe zinare na biyu a gasar Olympics a shekarar 2018. Ya maimaita matsayin wanda ya lashe lambar zinare, sannan ya ci gaba da kare kambunsa a gasar tseren kankara ta duniya a shekarar 1952 da kuma gasar Amurka.
#### Kwararren
Bayan ya yi ritaya daga gasa, Button ya ɗan ɗanyi ɗan gajeren aiki yana yin nunin kankara. Ya sanya hannu kan yin wasan tsere tare da Ice Capades yayin hutun makarantar lauya. Ya zagaya tare da Holiday akan Kankara. Ya haɗu da "Dick Button's Ice-Travaganza" don 1964 New York World's Fair, tare da 1963 Zakaran Duniya Donald McPherson, amma nunin kankara ya rasa kuɗi kuma ya rufe bayan 'yan watanni. A matsayin wanda ya kafa Candid Productions, ya ƙirƙiri nau'ikan wasannin motsa jiki da aka yi don talabijin, gami da Gasar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun, da Dorothy Hamill na musamman na HBO.
A matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, Button ya yi a cikin fina-finai kamar su The Young Doctors da The Bad News Bears Go to Japan tare da Tony Curtis. Ya fito a cikin ayyukan talabijin, ciki har da Hans Brinker da Mr. Broadway, da kuma fitowa a cikin wani shiri na Animaniacs na 1995, yana bayyana kansa a cikin kashi uku mai suna "Dukkan Kalmomi a Harshen Turanci".

Masanin tarihin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa James R. Hines ya ce yana cikin wasu ayyuka ban da matsayin skater wanda Button ya sami babban tasiri akan wasanni.Kamar yadda Hines ke cewa, "Wataƙila babu wani suna da aka fi saninsa a wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, sakamakon ganinsa da ya yi sama da shekaru 40 a matsayin mai sharhi ... Ta wannan dandalin, ya sami damar lashe gasar fiye da kowane mutum". Har ila yau Hines ya ce aikinsa na sharhi ya ba shi hangen nesa na tarihi na tsawon shekaru 40. Maballin ya ba da sharhi don watsa shirye-shiryen CBS na wasannin Olympics na lokacin sanyi na 1960, wanda ya ƙaddamar da aiki na tsawon shekaru a aikin jarida na watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin. Ya yi sharhi don watsa shirye-shiryen CBS na Gasar Skating Figures na Amurka a 1961. Da farko a cikin 1962, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai sharhi kan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ABC Sports, wanda ya sami haƙƙin Gasar Wasannin Skating na Amurka da kuma Gasar Skating na Hoto na Duniya na 1962. A lokacin ɗaukar hoto na ABC game da abubuwan da suka faru a cikin 1960s, 1970s, da 1980s, Button ya zama sanannen manazarci na wasanni, wanda aka san shi da gaskiya kuma sau da yawa kima game da wasan skaters. Ya lashe lambar yabo ta Emmy a cikin 1981 don Fitaccen Halin Wasanni - Analyst. Kodayake sauran cibiyoyin sadarwar talabijin na Amurka sun watsa wasannin Olympics na lokacin hunturu daga shekarun 1990 zuwa gaba, Button har yanzu ya bayyana akan watsa shirye-shiryen ABC na Amurka da Gasar Skating Hoto na Duniya har sai ABC ya daina watsa su a cikin 2008.

A cewar marubuci kuma masanin tarihin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa Ellyn Kestnbaum, ga masu kallo waɗanda ba su taɓa kallon wasan ba kai tsaye kafin su gan shi a talabijin, Button “a zahiri ya koyar da [an] gabaɗayan tsara yadda ake kallon wasan kankara”.

A lokacin wasannin Olympics na lokacin sanyi na 2006, Button ya bayyana akan NBC akan lamuni daga ABC don sake ba da sharhi kan wasannin Olympics.Hakanan a lokacin wasannin Olympics na lokacin sanyi na 2006, Cibiyar sadarwar Amurka ta gudanar da wani wasan kwaikwayo mai suna Olympic Ice. Sashi mai maimaitawa, mai suna "Maɓallin Tura Dick," ya gayyaci masu kallo don aika tambayoyin da Button ya amsa a kan iska. Sashin ya zama sananne sosai don haka ABC da ESPN sun sanya shi cikin watsa shirye-shirye daban-daban, musamman Skate America na 2006, Gasar Skating na 2007 na Amurka, da Gasar Wasannin Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Duniya na 2007. A ƙarshen 2010, ya kasance babban alkali a kan Skating tare da Taurari, wanda BBC Worldwide ta samar, masu shirya Rawa tare da Taurari. A cikin 2009, Button ya yi aiki a matsayin alkali a kan CBC's Battle of Blades gaskiya show. Ya sake fitowa a NBC don yin sharhi don Wasannin 2010.
## Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa
Wasan wasan kwaikwayo na gidan talabijin na Button ya zo a kan Mu Jama'a a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, 1952, lokacin da ya yi wasan tsere a cibiyar Rockefeller. Ya kasance bako a shirin talabijin na Ina da Asiri a matsayin daya daga cikin tsoffin zakarun Olympics guda biyar da aka watsa a ranar 13 ga Oktoba, 1954. A cikin 1975, Button ya auri mai horar da ’yan wasan kwallon kafa Slavka Kohout; An haifi ɗa Edward da diya Emily ga ma'auratan, waɗanda daga baya suka sake su. Button mazaunin Arewacin Salem, New York ne. An shigar da shi cikin Babban dakin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Duniya a cikin 1976, a wannan shekarar da aka kafa ta.

Button ya sami mummunan rauni a kai a ranar 5 ga Yuli, 1978,
 lokacin da yake ɗaya daga cikin maza da yawa da gungun matasa dauke da jemagu na ƙwallon kwando suka kai hari a Central Park. Daga bisani an yanke wa mutane uku hukunci da laifin kai hare-haren. Bayanan labarai da shaidun shari'a sun nuna cewa maharan suna da niyyar kai hari ga 'yan luwadi ne, amma an kai wa wadanda harin ya rutsa da su ne ba bisa ka'ida ba, kuma saboda bazuwar hare-haren "... 'yan sanda sun ce babu dalilin da zai sa a yarda cewa wadanda aka kashe din 'yan luwadi ne.

A ranar 31 ga Disamba, 2000, Button yana wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a wani wurin shakatawa na jama'a a Westchester County, New York, lokacin da ya faɗi, ya karye kwanyarsa kuma ya haifar da mummunan rauni a kwakwalwa. Ya murmure kuma ya zama mai magana da yawun kungiyar Raunin Kwakwalwa ta Amurka da kuma ci gaba da bayar da lambar yabo ta Emmy – sharhi kan watsa shirye-shiryen wasannin Olympics da kuma nunin talbijin na wasan kankara.

Button ya mutu a Arewa Salem a ranar 30 ga Janairu, 2025, yana da shekara 95. Mutuwar tasa ta faru kasa da kwana guda bayan da yawa daga cikin mahalarta gasar 2025 US Figure Skating Championships, ciki har da skaters da kocina daga Skating Club na Boston da Button yana da wata ƙungiya mai tsawon rai,aka kashe a tsakiyar iska karo a kan kogin Potomac.
## Manazarta