open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Kurito ole Kisio

**Kurito ole Kisio** wani janar na Mau Mau ne wanda aka kashe a Narok, Kenya, a cikin shekarar 1954.  Ɗaya daga cikin jagororin tawaye da ba a san su ba, Kisio shi ne babban shugaban Mau Mau daga al'ummar Maasai. Ya yi yaƙi tare da Turesh ole Tikani da Muntet ole Nkapiani. Ko da yake ba a san shi ba a yau, rawar Kisio a cikin gwagwarmayar neman 'yanci na da mahimmanci domin ya nuna tashin hankali na Mau Mau ba al'amarin Kikuyu ba ne kawai. A cewar Mau Mau marubucin tarihin Karari Njama, ole Kisio shine mutum na huɗu mafi ƙarfi a cikin matsayi na Mau Mau. Yana da sojoji kusan 800 da ke aiki daga dajin Melili a Narok.

## Tarihi
Ko da yake an rinjaye su da mulkin mallaka da cututtuka shekaru da dama da suka gabata, Maasai ba duk masu haɗin gwiwa ba ne kamar yadda mafi yawan labaran tarihi na tawaye ke nuna su. Madadin haka, akwai aƙalla manyan ruƙunai biyu a Maasailand, ɗaya a Narok wanda Kisio ke jagoranta da kuma wani a Kajiado. Korafe-korafensu ya shafi filaye ne, tun da babban yanki na ƙasar da aka gina sabon mallaka a kai, gami da babban birnin Nairobi, ya kasance wani yanki na wuraren kiwo na Maasai.

Janar Ole Kisio yana ɗaya daga cikin mazan Maasai da dama da aka ɗauka domin yaki da Daular Burtaniya a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. Ya bar Kenya yana ɗan shekara 15 a ruƙuni ɗaya da Turesh ole Tikani da Muntet ole Nkapiani, waɗanda suka zama abokansa na tsawon rayuwarsa. Sa’ad da suka dawo, Kurito, mai shekara 19 yanzu, ya auri Miriam Enekurito, ’yar Kikuyu wacce danginta suka zauna a Narok. Sannan ya shiga harkar neman yanci. Ɗaya daga cikin rawar farko da ya taka a cikin tawayen shine ya yi jigilar bindigogin sata da sauran kayan aiki daga Narok zuwa Elementaita da Nyandarua. Daga baya, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan jagororin tawaye.

## Mutuwa
Domin ya shiga cikin tawayen, an kama matar Kisio, an yi mata dukan tsiya kuma aka tsare ta. Abokansa biyu ne suka ruɗi Kisio daga cikin daji a Rotien, Narok a cikin shekarar 1954. An harbe shi kuma aka kashe shi, kuma aka fito da gawarsa a wajen wani asibiti. An kama abokinsa kuma babban hadiminsa na biyu, Janar Nkapian, kuma an kama shi a bainar jama'a a keji kafin a rataye shi, wanda ke nuna kyakkyawan ƙarshen rawar Maasai a tawayen Mau Mau.

Matsayin Kisio a cikin gwagwarmaya, kamar yadda yake a mafi girman matakan yanke shawara, yana nuna tsarin kishin ƙasa na tawaye. An ba Dedan Kimathi babban matsayi, kodayake aƙalla wasu uku ne ke riƙe da matsayin Field Marshal.

## Manazarta
Zaben gwamna na Jihar Ondo na 2003

The **2003 Ondo State gubernatorial election** occurred on April 19, 2003. PDP's Olusegun Agagu, a former Deputy Governor to Bamidele Olumilua, won election for a first tenure, defeating Incumbent Governor, AD's Adebayo Adefarati and three other candidates.

Olusegun Agagu ya zama mai nasara a zaben fidda gwani na PDP. Abokin aikinsa shi ne Omolade Oluwateru . 

## Tsarin zabe
Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Ondo ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

## Sakamakon
Jimlar 'yan takara biyar da suka yi rajista tare da Hukumar Zabe ta Kasa mai zaman kanta don yin takara a zaben.  Dan takarar PDP Olusegun Agagu ya lashe zaben na farko, inda ya doke Gwamnan AD mai ci, Adebayo Adefarati, da wasu 'yan takara uku.

Adadin masu jefa kuri'a a jihar ya kai 1,504,181. Koyaya, kawai 63.83% (watau 960,080) na masu jefa kuri'a da aka yi rajista sun shiga cikin fitarwa.

## Manazarta
Zaben gwamna na Jihar Nijar na 2003

**Zaben gwamna na Jihar Nijar na 2003** ya faru ne a Najeriya a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 2003. Dan takarar PDP Abdulkadir Kure ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke Mustafa Bello na PRP. 

Abdulkadir Kure ya fito ne a matsayin dan takarar PDP. Ya zaɓi Shem Zagbayi Nuhu a matsayin abokin tserensa. Mustafa Bello shi ne dan takarar PRP tare da Jibrin Kolo Saba a matsayin abokin takararsa.

## Tsarin zabe
Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Nijar ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

## Zaben fidda gwani

### PDP na farko
Abdulkadir Kure ne ya lashe Zaben fidda gwani na PDP. Ya zaɓi Shem Zagbayi Nuhu a matsayin abokin tserensa.

### PRP na farko
Mustafa Bello ne ya lashe Zaben fidda gwani na PRP. Ya zaɓi Jibrin Kolo Saba a matsayin abokin tserensa.

Adadin 'yan takara 8 da suka yi rajista tare da Hukumar Zabe ta Kasa mai zaman kanta don yin takara a zaben.

Adadin masu jefa kuri'a a jihar ya kai 1,607,730. Adadin kuri'un da aka jefa ya kasance 1,044,681, yayin da adadin kuri'un inganci ya kasance 968,934. Kayan da aka ƙi sun kasance 75,747.

## Manazarta
Karuwanci a Cape Verde

**[[karuwanci]] a [[Cabo Verde|Cape Verde]]** doka ce  kuma ta zama ruwan dare.  Babu dokokin karuwanci a tsibirin sai dai wadanda suka shafi fataucin yara da karuwanci. UNAIDS ta ƙiyasta cewa akwai karuwai 1,400 a Cape Verde, kuma da yawa sun fito ne daga Ghana da Senegal kafin ƴan sanda su kore su. Wasu sun juya zuwa karuwanci ta dalilin tsintar kai talauci.

Yawon shakatawa na jima'i, gami da yawon shakatawa na yara, babban abu ne da ya faru a Cape Verde, musamman a Santa Maria da wuraren shakatawa na rairayin bakin teku a tsibirin Cape Verdian na Sal .  Tsibirin kuma wuri ne na Yawon shakatawa na jima'i na mata.  

Cinikin jima'i,  da karuwancin yara   matsaloli ne a tsibirin.

## Cinikin jima'i
Cabe Verde da farko ƙasa ce ta asali ga yara da ke fuskantar fataucin jima'i a cikin ƙasar kuma makoma ce ga mata da ke cikin karuwanci. Yara maza da mata, wasu daga cikinsu na iya zama 'yan kasashen waje, ana amfani da su a fataucin jima'i a Santa Maria, Praia, da Mindelo, wani lokacin ta hanyar yawon shakatawa na jima'i na yara. An gano karuwar yawan mata na Afirka ta Yamma a cikin karuwanci na tilasta, gami da tsibirin Boa Vista da Sal kuma wani lokacin ta hanyar yawon shakatawa na jima'i. Yara da ke zaune a unguwanni masu talauci tare da ƙarancin kasancewa a cikin haɗari suma suna cikin haɗari, musamman ga fataucin jima'i. 'Yan gudun hijirar Afirka ta Yamma na iya wucewa cikin tsibirin a kan hanyar zuwa yanayin cin zarafi a Turai. Wasu manya bakin haure daga kasar Sin da ƙasashen ECOWAS na iya karɓar ƙananan albashi, aiki ba tare da kwangila ba, kuma suna da matsayi mara kyau, yana sa su kasance masu saukin kamuwa da fataucin jima'i.

A cikin 2016, gwamnati ta kara kokarin tilasta bin doka da fataucin mutane, amma gibin ya kasance. Dokar hukunci ta bayyana ta haramta duk wani nau'in fataucin mutane. Mataki na 271 ya haramta bautar kuma ya ba da izini mai tsauri na shekaru shida zuwa 12 a kurkuku. Mataki na 271-A ya sanya shi laifi a yi amfani da karfi, zamba, ko tilastawa don dalilai na jima'i ko cin zarafin aiki kuma ya ba da hukuncin shekaru hudu zuwa 10 a kurkuku. Lokacin da wanda aka azabtar ya kasance ƙarami, wani lokaci da ba a bayyana ba wanda a wasu wurare a cikin dokar aikata laifuka an bayyana shi a 16, hukuncin ya karu zuwa shekaru shida zuwa 12 a kurkuku. Baya ga Mataki na 271-A, Mataki na 148 na dokar aikata laifuka ya haramta ingantawa, ƙarfafawa, ko sauƙaƙe karuwanci da ayyukan jima'i tare da yara da ba su kai shekara 16 ba ko mutanen da ke fama da rashin iyawar hankali tare da hukuncin shekaru hudu zuwa 10 a kurkuku, ko shekaru biyu zuwa shida a kurkuku idan wanda aka azabtar yana tsakanin shekaru 16 zuwa 18. Mataki na 149 na dokar hukunci yana azabtar da waɗanda ke yaudarar, jigilar kaya, karɓar bakuncin, ko karɓar yara da ba su kai shekara 16 ba ko inganta yanayin ayyukan jima'i ko karuwanci a wata ƙasa ta waje tare da ɗaurin shekaru biyu zuwa takwas.

Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don Kulawa da Yaki da Cin Hanci da Kasuwanci a cikin Mutane ya sanya Cape Verde a matsayin ƙasar 'Tier 2'.

## manazarta
Zaben gwamna na Jihar Osun na 2003

The **2003 Osun State gubernatorial election** occurred on 19 April 2003. PDP's Olagunsoye Oyinlola won election for a first tenure, defeating Incumbent Governor, AD's Adebisi Akande and ANPP's Lai Oriowo.

Olagunsoye Oyinlola ya lashe daga cikin 'yan takarar shugabancin PDP sama da 22 a Zaben fidda gwani.  Abokin aikinsa shi ne Olusola Obada . 

## Tsarin zabe
Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Osun ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

## Sakamakon
Jimlar 'yan takara uku da suka yi rajista tare da Hukumar Zabe ta Kasa mai zaman kanta don yin takara a zaben.  Dan takarar PDP Olagunsoye Oyinlola ya lashe zaben na farko, inda ya doke Gwamnan AD mai ci, Adebisi Akande, da Lai Oriowo na ANPP.

Adadin masu jefa kuri'a a jihar ya kai 1,367,627. Koyaya, kawai 58.63% (watau 801,812) na masu jefa kuri'a da aka yi rajista sun shiga cikin fitarwa.

## Manazarta
Karuwanci a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya

**[[karuwanci]] a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya** doka ce kuma ta zama ruwan dare. Samun  ko cin riba daga karuwancin wasu ba bisa ka'ida ba ne, kamar yadda yake tilasta mutane cikin karuwanci. Hukunce-hukunce tarar ce kuma har zuwa shekara guda a kurkuku, ko shekaru 5 idan shari'ar ta shafi ƙarami.

Cinikin mutane da karuwancin yara matsala ce a kasar. Wani binciken da aka buga a shekarar 2017  ya gano cewa kusan kashi biyu cikin uku na karuwai a cikin babban birnin, Bangui, sun yi aiki na ɗan lokaci don kara yawan kuɗin shiga ko biyan kuɗin makaranta da kwaleji. Wasu daga cikin masu karuwanci na cikakken lokaci suna ziyartar otal-otal, mashaya da wuraren shakatawa na dare suna neman abokan ciniki masu arziki, musamman mazajen Faransa. An san su da "pupulenge" (dragonflies) ko "gba moundjou" (duba fari). Wadanda ke aiki a cikin unguwanni mafi talauci an san su da "kata".

Wannan binciken ya gano shekarun karuwai na cikakken lokaci sun kasance daga 16 zuwa 30 kuma mafi yawa (90%) sun fito ne daga Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya. Sauran sun fito ne daga Kongo, Chadi da Kamaru.

## HIV
Condoms a cikin ƙasar ba su da yawa,  kamar yadda suke a wasu ƙasashe na Saharar.  A sakamakon haka kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau da sauran cututtukan cututtuka suna da yawa tsakanin ma'aikatan jima'i a kasar. UNAIDS ta kiyasta cewa a cikin 2016, kashi 9.2% na ma'aikatan jima'i a kasar sun kamu da kwayar cutar HIV. Sauran kafofin sun sanya yawan kamuwa da cuta mafi girma.

## Karuwanci na yara
Karuwanci na yara matsala ce a kasar,   kuma babu dokokin fyade na doka don kare kananan yara.

Wasu matasan mata da 'yan mata sun shiga kasuwanci ba tare da wani ɓangare na uku ba don rayuwa  ko biyan kuɗin makaranta / kwaleji.  Sauran sun zama masu karuwanci ko masoya ga masu arziki don samun kuɗi ga iyalansu. Har ila yau, akwai shaidar cin zarafin yara na kasuwanci, ko dai a ciki ko zuwa da kuma daga wasu ƙasashe a yankin.  

A cikin 2016, rahotanni sun fito ne game da cin zarafin ma'aikatan kiyaye Zaman Lafiya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. An yi zargin cewa masu kiyaye zaman lafiya daga Gabon, Morocco, Burundi, da Faransa sun biya don yin jima'i da 'yan mata masu shekaru 13 a sansanin mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu kusa da Bangui. A baya an zargi masu kiyaye zaman lafiya da wasu lokuta 22 na cin zarafi ko cin zarafin jima'i.

## Cinikin jima'i
Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ƙasa ce mai tushe da makoma ga yara da ke fuskantar fataucin mutane ciki har da karuwanci. Yawancin yara da aka azabtar ana fataucin su a cikin ƙasar, amma ƙaramin adadi yana motsawa daga Kamaru, Chadi, Najeriya, Jamhuriyar Kongo, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, da Sudan.

Babu takamaiman dokoki a kasar don magance fataucin mutane, amma ana iya gurfanar da masu fataucin mutum a karkashin dokokin da suka shafi karuwanci, Bautar, cin zarafin jima'i, keta ka'idojin aiki, da shekarun makaranta.

Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don Kulawa da Yaki da Cin Hanci da Kasuwanci a cikin Mutane ya inganta ƙasar daga 'Tier 3'  zuwa "Tier 2 Watch List" a cikin 2018. 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Gidan kayan tarihi na Kapenguria

**Kapenguria Museum** sanannen wurin yawon buɗe ido ne, ɗaya daga cikin Museums a cikin Kapenguria, Kenya.  Gidan kayan tarihi yana cikin gidan yarin inda fitattun jagororin gwagwarmayar neman 'yancin kai na Kenya (Kapenguria Six: Jomo Kenyatta, Kungu Karumba, Fred Kubai, Paul Ngei, Bildad Kaggia da Ramogi Achieng Oneko) da aka gudanar da shari'ar su a shekarar 1952/3. Gidan kayan tarihin na ɗauke da ɗakuna a cikin tsoffin ɗakunan gidan yarin, ciki har da baje koli kan waɗannan shugabanni da gwagwarmayar su da 'yan mulkin mallaka, da kuma ɗakin karatu na tunawa da su.

Gidan kayan tarihin kuma yana da taswirar al'adu game da mutanen Pokot.

An buɗe shi ne azaman gidan kayan gargajiya a shekarar 1993.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin gidajen tarihi a Kenya

## Manazarta
Vallejo

**Vallejo Seaweed** A cikin 2021, Pecos League ta ba da sanarwar shiga Santa Cruz Seaweed a cikin Pacific Division. Kungiyar ta buga wasanninta na gida a Harvey West Park. [2] An ayyana Michael Green a matsayin kocin farko na kungiyar. [3] Bayan kammala kakar wasa 16-25 kuma ta gama ta hudu a cikin Pacific Division, ƙungiyar ta taka leda a cikin wasannin Bay Series inda San Rafael ya kawar da shi. A cikin 2022, an sanar da Nic Ray a matsayin sabon kocin kungiyar. [4] Bayan rashin yin wasanni tare da rikodin 17-33, kulob din ya sanar a watan Oktoba cewa zai koma Vallejo saboda matsaloli da yawa, ciki har da rikice-rikicen jadawalin.

## Manazarta
Karuwanci a Djibouti

**[[karuwanci]] a Djibouti** ba bisa ka'ida ba ne  amma ana jurewa.  UNAIDS ta kiyasta cewa akwai karuwai 2,900 a kasar. Mutane da yawa suna aiki daga mashaya da wuraren shakatawa na dare. Akwai Gundumar jan haske a Birnin Djibouti.

Saboda matsayinta na dabarun, sojoji daga Amurka, China, Faransa, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Italiya. Rasha, Spain, Jamus da Ingila suna zaune a sansanoni a Djibouti .  Kasancewar waɗannan dakarun suna ƙara buƙatar karuwanci. A lokacin bincike a shekarar 2015, an gano kusan rabin rundunar injiniya ta 775 ta Tennessee Army National Guard sun yi amfani da karuwanci yayin da suke zaune a Djibouti.

A lokacin yakin duniya na farko, Faransanci sun kafa Gidan karuwai na soja ga dakarunsu. Wadannan sun ci gaba don amfani da rundunar kasashen waje har zuwa 1978.

Yaduwar cutar kanjamau tsakanin ma'aikatan jima'i a kasar ya kai 12.9%.

## Cinikin jima'i
Djibouti ita ce tushen, wucewa, da kuma ƙasar da aka nufa ga mata da yara da ke fuskantar fataucin jima'i, kodayake iyakantaccen bayanai game da shari'ar fataucin mutane ya yi ƙoƙari mai rikitarwa don tantance cikakken girman abin da ya faru. Maza, mata, da yara, da farko daga Habasha da Somaliya, kuma zuwa ƙarami daga Eritrea, suna wucewa Djibouti da son rai zuwa Yemen da sauran wurare a Gabas ta Tsakiya, musamman Saudi Arabia, don neman aiki. Wani adadin da ba a sani ba na waɗannan bakin haure suna fuskantar fataucin jima'i a wuraren da aka nufa.

Mata na Djibouti da masu ƙaura da yara a kan titi suna da rauni ga fataucin jima'i a Birnin Djibout, hanyar jigilar motoci ta Habasha-Djibouti, da Obock, babban wurin tashi ga Yemen. Wasu 'yan gudun hijira da ke da niyyar a shigo da su ana iya jigilar su ko tsare su ba tare da son rai ba sannan kuma a sanya su cikin fataucin mutane da sauran nau'ikan cin zarafi a Djibouti. Wasu mata masu ƙaura sun bautar gida da kuma tilasta karuwanci a Djibouti.

Dokar No. 133, ta 2016 A kan Yaki da Cin Hanci da Kasuwanci a cikin Mutane da Cin Hanyoyin Mutanen Espanya, ta aikata laifuka ga duk nau'ikan Cin Hanci; ta ba da hukunci na shekaru biyar zuwa 10 a kurkuku, da 20 lokacin da abubuwa masu tsanani suka kasance, waɗanda suka isa sosai kuma sun dace da waɗanda ke da sauran manyan laifuka.

Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don Kulawa da Yaki da Cin Hanci da Kasuwanci a cikin Mutane ya sanya Djibouti a matsayin ƙasar 'Tier 2'.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Jacobo

**JACOBO**A matsayinsa na matasa, Ramón ya shiga makarantar matasa ta Real Madrid ta La Liga, inda ya taimaka wa kulob din ya lashe gasar.  A ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2024, Ramón ya sami karin girma zuwa Real Madrid Castilla daga tsarin matasa, ya shiga tawagar ajiya ta Real Madrid.

A ranar 22 ga Janairu 2025, ya fara buga wasansa na farko tare da babbar kungiyar Real Madrid a matsayin mai maye gurbin a gasar UEFA Champions League da ci 5-1 a kan Red Bull Salzburg.  Daga baya a wannan shekarar, a ranar 4 ga Mayu, ya fara buga wasan La Liga a nasarar 3-2 a kan Celta Vigo.  Kwanaki goma bayan haka, a ranar 14 ga Mayu, ya zira kwallonsa ta farko ga Real Madrid da Mallorca a wasan gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai don rufe nasarar 2-1 a minti na 95 na tsayawa.
Gonzalo garcia

**Gonzalo Garcia**García matasa ne na SEK, Club Santa Bárbara, da Jarama Race, kafin ya shiga makarantar matasa ta Real Madrid a 2014. Ya yi shekara guda tare da makarantar Mallorca a 2018-19 lokacin da iyalinsa suka koma can, kafin ya koma Real Madrid. A watan Janairun 2022, an kara masa girma zuwa Real Madrid Castilla, kuma ya fara bayyana tare da su a watan Maris na 2022. Ya kasance ƙwararren ɗan wasa a cikin División de Honor Juvenil de Fútbol a 2022–23 inda ya kasance babban mai zura kwallaye kuma ya lashe U19 treble na gida, wanda ya ba shi ci gaba na dindindin zuwa ɓangaren Castilla.

## Manazarta
Toussaint Rouge

(Red All Saints' Day"), wanda aka fi sani da Toussaint Sanglante (Faransci: [tusë̃ sɑ̃glɑ̃t], "Ranar All-Saints'), jerin hare-hare ne 70  da 'yan gwagwarmayar Aljeriya National Liberation Front (FLN) suka yi a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba 1954 - bikin Katolika na All Saints 'Ranar - a Aljeriya ta Faransa. Yawancin lokaci ana ɗaukar shi a matsayin ranar farawa don Yaƙin Aljeriya wanda ya kasance har zuwa 1962 kuma ya haifar da 'yancin Aljeriya daga Faransa.
## Tarihi
n fara jam'iyyar National Liberation Front a watan Yunin shekara ta 1954. Membobin CRUA (Committee of Revolutionary of Unity and Action) da tsoffin mambobin Kungiyar Musamman (OS), reshen soja na Messali Hadj's MTLD (Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties), sun yanke shawarar shiga tare kuma su koma gwagwarmaya.
## Manazarta
Boby endrik

**Boby Endrik** An haifi Endrick a Taguatinga, Gundumar Tarayya, kuma yana da ɗan'uwa ɗaya da 'yan'uwa mata biyu. Mahaifinsa, Douglas de Sousa Silva Ramos, ya bi aikin kwallon kafa kuma ya bar iyalinsa lokacin da Endrick ke da shekaru goma sha ɗaya don taka leda a ƙananan kungiyoyi a Brasília.  Mahaifiyarsa ba ta da aikin yi kuma ba ta da gida a wannan lokacin, wanda ya tilasta Endrick da 'yan uwansa su zauna a gidan marayu a São Paulo har sai mahaifinsa ya dawo bayan watanni shida.  Iyayensa biyu sun yi aiki a wani cafe a tashar jirgin kasa ta karkashin kasa ta birni kafin mahaifinsa ya sami aiki daga Palmeiras a matsayin mai kulawa.

## Manazarta
Ashanti Protectorate

Ana zargin **Ashanti Protectorate** an kafa shi a cikin shekarar 1902 daga Ashanti Confederacy, yanzu yankin Ashanti. Akwai nassoshi da yawa zuwa ga "Ashanti Protectorate" a cikin rubuce-rubuce. Duk da haka, har ya zuwa yanzu ba a gano wata hanyar doka da ta tabbatar da hakan ba. Wannan saboda, a zahiri, an kafa yankin da ake magana a matsayin Masarautar Crown a ranar 1 ga watan Janairu 1902. Mulkin sarauta ba Mai Kariya bane. Abubuwa biyu ne daban-daban. Bayan yaƙe-yaƙe da yawa da sojojin Biritaniya, sojojin Birtaniyya sun sake mamaye Ashanti a watan Janairun 1896. A cikin shekarar 1900 an yi tashin hankali a Ashanti. Turawan Ingila sun murkushe tashe tashen hankula tare da kwace birnin Kumasi. An kori Sarkin gargajiya na Ashanti, Asanthene, da masu ba shi shawara.  Sakamakon haka shi ne mamaye Ashanti da Turawan mulkin mallaka suka yi ta yadda ya zama wani ɓangare na masarautun Mai Martaba da kuma mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya tare da gudanar da mulkinsa wanda wani babban kwamishina ya yi a ƙarƙashin ikon Gwamnan Gold Coast. An sanya Ashanti a matsayin wacce aka yiwa mulkin mallaka ta hanyar mamaya. Dokokin da aka aiwatar da wannan haɗakarwa da gudanarwar ita ce Dokar Ashanti a Majalisar 1901 da aka yi a ranar 26 ga watan Satumba 1901.  

Ashanti sun rasa ikonsu amma ba mahimmancin da mutuncin tsarin zamantakewa da siyasa ba. A cikin shekarar 1935, ƙayyadaddun  yunƙurin kai ga Ashanti an tsara shi bisa hukuma a cikin kafuwar Ashanti Confederacy. Ashanti ta ci gaba da gudanar da shi tare da mafi girma na Gold Coast amma ya kasance, duk da haka, wani yanki na Crown Colony na daban har sai ya zama wani ɓangare na sabuwar mulki mai suna Ghana a ƙarƙashin Dokar 'Yancin Ghana 1957.  

## Manazarta
Yunkurin juyin mulki a Nijar, 2021

Yunkurin juyin mulkin ƙasar Nijar dai wani yunkuri ne da niyar kifar da gwamnati mai ci da ya faru ranar 31 ga watan Maris na shekarar 2021 da misalin karfe 3 na dare; WAT, (2 na safe UTC) bayan harbin bindiga ya tashi a titunan birnin Niamey, babban birnin ƙasar, kwana biyu kafin rantsar da zaɓaɓɓen shugaban ƙasa na ƙasar, Mohamed Bazoum.

Yunkurin juyin mulki ya faru ne ta silar sojoji, kuma an danganta lamarin ga rundunar soja Sama da ke yankin Filin jirgin saman Niamey da alhakin kitsawa. Shugaban da da ake zargi da jagorancin shirin shi ne Kyaftin Sani Saley Gourouza, wanda ke kula da tsaro a sansanin. Bayan an cimma daƙile yunkurin juyin mulkin, an kama masu ruwa da tsaki game da shirin ko aikata laifin.

## Yanayi
Yunkurin juyin mulkin ya zo yanayin da ƙasar ta Nijar ke Yaƙi a yankin Sahel, tare da samun masu ayyukan ta'addanci da sauran tashe-tashen hankula tsakanin ƙabilu mabanbanta. Kasashen tankin Sahel suna samun taimakon Faransa a kan 'yan ta'addan yankin daga Operation Barkhane. A shekara ta 2020, juyin mulki ne ya yi silar hambarar da gwamnatin Shugaban kasar Mali Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta. Nijar ta samu nasarar kammala babban zagaye na zaɓen ƙasar na kakar 2020-21, irin hakan ya zama sabon gani-(ba a taɓa gani ba) a Nijar. Duk-da haka dai, abokin hamayyar takarar neman kujerar shugaban kasa ta kasar da ya sha kaye-(ya faɗi zaɓe) kuma tsohon shugaban ƙasar Mahamane Ousmane ya ƙalubalanci sakamakon zaɓen inda ya gabatar da roƙo bisa shari'a ga kotun kundin tsarin mulki, sai dai haƙa bata cimma ruwa ba-(an yi fatali da lamarin). A ranar 21 ga watan Maris, 2021, ƙungiyoyin jihadi sun jagoranci kisan kiyashi a Tilia , inda aka kashe mazauna ƙauyuka 137.

## Abubuwan da suka faru
A cewar Cyril Payen na *Faransa 24*, "an ji ƙara mai karfi na makami tsawon rabin sa'a a yankin fadar shugaban kasa. Amman rukunin Jami'an Tsaron Shugaban ƙasar sun dakile harin", kuma hayaniyar rikicin ta sa  mazauna kusa da yankin suka farka daga bacci, a lokacin dai-dai karfe 3 na dare.  Gwamnati ta kama mafi yawan masu hannu a lamarin, amma wasu, gami da shugaban jagorancin juyin mulkin Sani Saley Gourouza, ba'a kama su ba.

## Martani
Shugaban maƙobciyar kasar mai ci a lokacin na Najeriya, Muhammadu Buhari ya bayyana aikin a matsayin "marasa amfani kuma tsohon yayi". Shugaban Tarayyar Afirka da Kungiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Yammacin Afirka sun yi Allah wadai da yunkurin juyin mulkin,   sauran wasu ƙasashe Afirka; Chadi  da Aljeriya, sun bi sahu a Allah wadai ɗin. 

## Bayan lamarin
An cigaba daga inda aka tsaya, an aiwatar da rantsuwar sabon shugaban kasar Mohamed Bazoum kwana biyu bayan lamarin. Duk-da haka ga shugaban kasar Bazoum, an kore shi a wani juyin mulkin ƙasar na shekarar 2023 da kayi nasarar akai ta hannun mambobin tsaron shugaban ƙasar da sojojin da ke ƙarƙashin jagorancin Abdourahamane Tchiani.

## Manazarta
Sigmaringendorf

**Sigmaringen** (Swabian) wani karamin gari ne a cikin gundumar Sigmaringen a Baden-Württemberg a Jamus . A Sigmaringendorf karamin kogi *Lauchert* yana gudana cikin Danube. Akwai gidan wasan kwaikwayo na sararin samaniya a Sigmaringendorf, ana kiransa Waldbühne Sigmaringendorf .

## Magajin gari
Tun daga watan Satumbar 2018 Phillip Schwaiger shine magajin garin Sigmaringendorf .

* Alois Henne (1980-2018) 
* Wilhelm Siebenrock (1946-1953) 
* Alois Maucher (1953-1980) 

## Manazarta
Harshen Kuruaya

Kuruáya harshe ne na Tupian da ke kusa da bacewa na jihar Pará, a yankin Amazon na Brazil.  Akwai daya tilo mai iya magana na Kuruaya, Odete Iawa, wacce ta wuce shekara tamanin ko tamanin ko fiye.  Ta kasance a raye har zuwa watan Agusta 2020.
Renchen

**Renchen** (Low Alemannic: Renche) ƙaramin gari ne a Baden-Württemberg, Jamus, wani ɓangare na gundumar Ortenau .

## Yanayin ƙasa
Renchen tana cikin tuddai na arewacin Black Forest a ƙofar kwarin Rench a gefen Upper Rhine River Plains.

### Al'ummomin makwabta
Birnin yana da iyakoki tare da birane da garuruwa masu zuwa, waɗanda aka jera a hankali daga arewa: Achern, Kappelrodeck, Oberkirch, Appenweier, da Rheinau.

### Gundumar
Baya ga Renchen (daidai) birnin ya haɗa da yankunan Erlach da Ulm zu Renchen .

## Tarihi
Renchen ta farko a cikin takardun hukuma a cikin 1115. A shekara ta 1326 ya sami takardar shaidar gari amma garin ya sake rasa shi da kuma duk muhimmancin lokacin da aka lalata shi a lokacin Yaƙin Shekaru talatin. A cikin 1838 Grand Duke na Baden ya sake ba da takardar shaidar gari ga Renchen amma ya sake rasa damar kiran kansa gari sakamakon sake fasalin gundumar Jamus a 1935. Renchen ya sami takardar shaidar gari a karo na uku a cikin 1950 don nuna godiya ga muhimmancin tarihi.

Garin Renchen na Ulm zu Renchen an fi saninsa da *Ulmer Bier*, giya na musamman da aka yi kawai a lokacin wata.

## Gwamnati

### Majalisar gari
Ya zuwa watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2006, majalisar birni ta Renchen tana da wadannan abubuwan da ke ciki:

Zaben a watan Mayu 2014:

* FWV: kujeru 8
* CDU: kujeru 6
* SPD: kujeru 4

### Magajin gari

* 1945: Albert Dietrich
* -1969: Franz Brandstetter
* 1969-1985: Erich Huber
* 1985-2000: Klaus Brodbeck
* tun daga shekara ta 2000: Bernd Siefermann 

## Mutane, al'adu & gine-gine

### Kyautar Grimmelshausen
*Kyautar Grimmelshausen* kyauta ce ta wallafe-wallafen € 10,000 da aka bayar a cikin shekaru masu yawa a ranar 15 ga Satumba, bi da bi, ta Renchen ko birnin Gelnhausen.

## Tattalin arziki da ababen more rayuwa

### Kafofin watsa labarai
A cikin Renchen *Offenburger Tageblatt* ya buga fitowar yau da kullun a matsayin "Acher-Rench-Zeitung" kuma *Stattzeitung für Südbaden* wata mujallar madadin da aka bayar a yankin.

## 'Ya'ya maza da mata na garin

* Amand Goegg (1820-1897), mai gwagwarmayar 'yanci na Baden, ɗan ƙasa mai daraja na birnin Geneva, ya auri mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata Marie Goegg-Pouchoulin
* Hermann Hohn (1897-1968), Janar na Wehrmacht
* Martin Knosp (an haife shi a shekara ta 1959), mai kokawa, Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1981
* Norbert Dobeleit (an haife shi a shekara ta 1964), ɗan wasa, wanda ya lashe lambar yabo a wasannin Olympics na bazara na Seoul a shekara ta 1988

## Shahararrun mutane
Renchen yana son kiran kansa birnin Grimmelshausen, kamar yadda mawaki Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen, marubucin *Der Abenteuerliche Simplicissimus Teutsch*, ya yi aiki daga 1667 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1676 a matsayin Bishop na Strasbourg a Renchen.

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* (a cikin Jamusanci) Shafin yanar gizon hukuma
* (a cikin Jamusanci) Stattzeitung für Südbaden, erscheint a RenchenStattzeitung für Südbaden, a cikin Renchen
Harshen Apiaká

**Apiaká** yare ne na Tupi da ya ƙare kwanan nan na Mutanen Apiacá na yankin Rio Tapajos na Mato Grosso, Brazil . Portuguese ne ya maye gurbinsa.

## Rarraba
Harshen Apiaká yana cikin rukuni na VI na yarukan Tupi-Guarani. Yana kusa da Kagwahiva kuma yana iya zama yaren wannan harshe.

## Tarihi
Bayan ya shiga hulɗa da Neo-Brazilians, harshen Apiaca ya canza tare da abubuwan da aka haɗu da Lingua Geral, Jargon kasuwanci na Tupi. A yau, ana magana da Portuguese ko Munduruku a ko'ina kamar yadda ya saba da harshen Apiaca, kodayake waɗannan mutane koyaushe ana saninsu da sunan "Apiaca" 

Dukkanin Apiacá suna magana da Portuguese kuma waɗanda suka auri membobin *Munduruku* da Kaiabi suna magana da yaren matansu sosai ko kuma suna da ikon fahimtar su sosai. Kodayake ana magana da yarukan Munduruku da Kaiabi a kowace rana a ƙauyukan Apiaca, duk da haka, an iyakance su ga wuraren cikin gida da tattaunawa ta al'ada. Harshen da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin tattaunawar al'ada shine Portuguese, saboda hulɗa da Neo-Brazilians da mazauna Portuguese. Kodayake ba za su iya tilasta yarensu a kan mazauna Munduruku da mutanen Kaiabi ba, saboda yawan su da ke magana da harshen Apiaca, Apiaca suna gudanar da hana harsunan waɗannan mutane su zama harsunan hukuma a ƙauyukansu. Wannan yana bawa Portuguese damar aiki a matsayin kayan aiki na juriya da Apiaca ke amfani da su don hana al'adunsu ta ƙabilun Munduruku da Kaiabi.

Duk da kusancin harshe, Apiaká ba sa bari a koyar da Kaiabi a makarantun ƙauyensu, wannan ya samo asali ne daga mummunan dangantaka da wannan ƙabila, amma saboda kyakkyawar dangantakar da Apiaca ke da shi da mutanen Munduruku, sun ba wa malaman Munduruku damar ba da darasi a cikin harshensu.  Shekaru da yawa Apiaca suna ƙoƙarin farfaɗo da harshensu ta hanyar makarantu a ƙauyuka amma har yanzu ba su yi nasara ba.  A cikin 'yan shekarun nan an yi wani yunƙuri na ƙirƙirar wani littafi da aka fi sani da "Apiaca Word" don tsara harshen.

## Rashin Kashewa
Mai magana na ƙarshe na Apiaká, Pedrinho Kamassuri, ya mutu a asibiti a Juara, Mato Grosso, a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 2011. Ba a san yawan masu magana da bangarori ba har yanzu suna rayuwa har zuwa 2018.
Harshen Yessan-Mayo

**Yessan-**Mayu**** (wanda aka fi sani da **Yesan**, Mayo, kuma an san shi da **Yamano** ) yare ne na Papuan da mutane 2000 ke magana a Papua New Guinea . Ana magana da shi a cikin Maio (4°12′50′′S 142°40′33′′E / 4.21379°S 142.675929°E / -4.21379; 142.670929 (Maio)) da Yessan (4°13′08′′S 142 °40′00′′E / 4.219025°S 142.566658°E / .

## Fasahar sauti
An kwatanta phonology na Yessan-Mayo a cikin Foley (2018)  kamar haka:

### Sautin sautin

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

## Wakilan sunaye
Foreman (1974)  ya bayyana nau'ikan sunaye guda biyu a cikin Yessan-Mayo: sunayen da ba su da mahimmanci da kuma masu mahimmanci.

Baya ga karin magana da ba na magana ba, akwai kuma karin magana mai juyowa (self), da kuma karin karin magana op (wannan) da otop (cewa).

### Ba a mai da hankali ba

### Da yake da karfi

## Haɗin waje

* Paradisec yana da tarin Don Laycock (DL2) wanda ya haɗa da kayan yaren Yessan-Mayo.
Jari-hujja a hankali

Kasuwancin jari-hujja shine ka'idar Sabon Imperialism da masana tarihi Peter J. Cain A. G. Hopkins suka gabatar a cikin shekarun 1980 kuma suka bunkasa a cikin aikin su na 1993 British Imperialism .  Ka'idar ta nuna cewa sha'awar kasuwanci na birnin London ne ya jagoranci mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya da kuma bukatu na kasa. Yana ƙarfafa jujjuya mahimmanci, nesa da ganin masana'antun larduna da dabarun geopolitical a matsayin tasiri mai mahimmanci, da kuma ganin faɗaɗa daular kamar yadda take fitowa daga London da fannin kuɗi.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Maria N'koi

**Maria N"koi** 'yar tawaye ce kuma mai warkarwa ta Kongo da aka sani da ƙaddamar da "rashin hankali na warkewa"  a kan gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Kwango ta Belgium a 1915, tana adawa da haraji da aikin tilas. 

Bayan gwagwarmayar Afirka, Kongo ta zama mallakar sarki na Belgium, Léopold II, wanda ya yi amfani da ita da zalunci tare da tilasta yawan samar da roba.

A cikin 1903 Léopold ya nemi Makarantar Liverpool ta yi nazarin cutar barci a Kongo. Wadannan masana kimiyya sun yi kuskuren cewa cutar tana yaduwa, kuma sun kafa sansanonin kwana da fasfo na likita. Yanayi mai ban tsoro a cikin sansanonin  ya kara rikice-rikice a cikin matakan kiwon lafiya na jama'a; masu warkarwa na cikin gida sun yi imani da kare mai haƙuri daga lahani maimakon kare al'umma daga mai haƙuri.  A zahiri cutar tana yaduwa saboda tilasta girbi na roba daga inabi na Landolphia a yankunan da ke fama da cututtukan cututtukatattun cututtukayyar, tsetse flies.

Sauran mutane da yawa sun tayar da kayar baya a wannan lokacin, amma ta haifar da tawaye daga baya a Bus-Bloc da Dekese,  kuma ta nuna zuwan Simon Kimbangu. A cikin duka, shiga tsakani na gwamnati mai dauke da makamai talatin ya faru a 1915, wasu daga cikinsu na soja, bisa ga rahoton shekara-shekara daga gwamnatin mulkin mallaka zuwa Brussels. Masu mulkin mallaka galibi suna ba da ƙauyuka don tattara roba a yankunan da ke cikin wasu mutane, wanda ke haifar da rikici, da kuma mamaye ƙauyuka waɗanda suka kasa cika ƙididdigar su. Mazauna ƙauyen sun gudu daga waɗannan buƙatun, kuma sau da yawa ana taimaka musu su yi hakan.

Koyaya, Maria N'koi tana jawo taron jama'a a 1915, kuma Équateur, inda take zaune, ta haɗu da yankin Jamus na Kameru bayan da aka ci Faransa da Jamusawa a 1911  kuma tana hasashen cin nasarar Belgium da Jamusawan suka yi ban da bayar da shawarar rashin amincewa.  A zahiri yakin Kamerun ya haifar da asarar Jamus da rarraba yankunansu tsakanin Faransanci da Burtaniya. An kama Maria N'koi kuma an yi mata shari'a a Coquilhatville, sannan aka tura ta gudun hijira (réléguée) zuwa Buta. A shekara ta 1929 hukumomi sun ba ta izinin barin Buta, amma har yanzu suna tunanin tana da haɗari sosai don ba ta damar komawa gida, kuma suna buƙatar ta je Coquilhatville, inda wasu 'yan Afirka suka kasance masu tasowa

Maria N'Koi (na damisa) an sanya masa suna ne saboda damisa da aka ce ta kashe a lokacin ƙuruciyarta, kuma har yanzu ana danganta ta da labarun yankin game da kama ta da itatuwa, sihiri da warkarwa. A shekarunta na baya gwamnatin Mobutu ta amince da ita a matsayin *'<nowiki/>'yan tawaye* kuma ta nemi ta yi aiki don juyin juya halin. Rubuce-rubucen tsarin kurkuku na mulkin mallaka sun zana hoton ta na uku, na jima'i.

## Dubi kuma

* Ruhun Sarki Leopold
* Ayyukan zalunci a cikin Ƙasar Kwango
* Simon Kimbangu
* Yankin Buta
* Kungiyar Gyara ta Kongo
* Yunkurin Afirka
* Ƙaunar Zuciya

## Manazarta
Juan Fontán Lobé

**Juan Fontán Lobé** (21 ga Agusta 1894 - 14 ga Yuli 1944) wani jami'in sojan Sipaniya ne, sojan bindigu, injiniyan sojan ruwa, sanannen marubucin ɗan Afirka, babban ma'aikacin Sipaniya Guinea kuma mai gabatar da kara a Cortes . 

## Tarihin rayuwa
Wani injiniyan sojan ruwa na farar hula, Fontán ya yi aikin soja a cikin Rif War, inda ya tsira daga bala'i na shekara-shekara kuma Rifians ya kama shi fursuna na yaki. Ya sauke karatu a matsayin kyaftin na manyan bindigogi.

Ya kasance shugaban Popular Action kuma mai mallakar jaridar Acción a Las Palmas, wanda fitowar farko ta bayyana a watan Afrilun 1934. 

A farkon shekarun Jamhuriyar Na Biyu, ya jagoranci 'yan bindiga na tituna na ƙungiyoyin matasa na Popular Action waɗanda galibi suna da hannu a rikice-rikicen siyasa. Wadannan wani bangare ne na mamaye gine-ginen jama'a a Las Palmas a lokacin juyin mulkin Spain na Yuli 1936. Abokin Francisco Franco a makarantar sakandare da kuma lokacin haɓakarsa a cikin manyan bindigogi, Fontán ya kasance a matsayin goyon baya ga Luis Orgaz Yoldi a cikin Canary Islands a cikin rashi na Franco don ɗaukar kwamandan sojojin Afirka. Ya shiga zanga-zangar 1936 a Guinee ta Sipaniya, ciki har da harin bam a birnin Bata, kuma ya ɗauki matakin wucin gadi na karamar hukuma, wanda ke da alhakin ba da umarni a kan jami'an Republican da masu biyayya.
]
An nemi ya shiga hedkwatar Franco a Salamanca, tare da ɗan'uwansa   zai tsara hanyar  don tattara bayanai da shirya fayilolin sirri a Ofishin Bayanai da Farfaganda na Anti-Communist (OIPA). [es]

Daga baya aka naɗa shi gwamna da Shugaban lardin FET y de las JONS na Guinea na Spain daga Oktoba 1937  har zuwa Janairu 1942, kuma ya yi murabus daga ofis don a nada shi darakta janar na Morocco da Colonies  

Komawa a Spain, ya kasance wakilin a Cortes ta hanyar nadin kai tsaye na Franco, a lokacin I Legislature na Cortes na Spain (1943-46).  Ya mutu a ofis.

Daga cikin kayan ado da yawa na Fontan akwai Grand Cross na Order of Mehdauia [es], [1] Cross (tare da Red Ado) na Yawar Soja, Kwamanda tare da Plaque of Order of Isabella the Catholic, Medal of Africa, Medal of the Canarian tsohon soja[2] da azurfa plaque daga Santa Isabel Majalisar Mazauna.  

Asusun godiya  (1932) na Ma'aikatar Sojan Ruwa bisa buƙatar José Giral, babban darektan Kewayawa, Kifi da Masana'antar Ruwa, don shawarar Fontán ga Ma'aikatu a madadin Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Sojan Rukunin.

A garuruwa daban-daban kamar Santa Isabel, Batete de Claret ko Las Palmas   an sanya wa tituna suna bayan shi.

## Tattarawa
Takardun tarihi  game da Afirka da Fontán ya tattara a duk rayuwarsa an rarraba su tsakanin National Library  da Archive of the General State Administration a Alcalá de Henares . Kyautarsa ga National Library tana da mahimmanci ga takardun ta a kan Equatorial Guinea . 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Cameron James

**Cameron Lewis James** (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta alif 1998) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida na Maldon & Tiptree.

James ya shiga makarantar kimiyya ta Colchester United yana da shekaru tara, yana ci gaba ta hanyar kungiyoyin shekaru don yin aikinsa na farko a watan Mayu shekara ta 2016. Ya shiga Chelmsford City a kan aro a watan Janairun 2018 kuma daga baya Braintree Town a kan aro A kakar shekarun 2018-19 a kan sau biyu. Ya shiga Maidstone United a kan aro a watan Nuwamba 2019 sannan kuma Welling United a kan rance a watan Janairu shekara ta 2020. Colchester ta sake shi a watan Yulin shekara ta 2020 kafin ya shiga Chelmsford City.

## Manazarta
Alex Battle

Alex Martin Jon Battle (an haife shi a ranar 23 ga watan Janairun shekara ta alif 1999) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila wanda yake taka leda a matsayin mai gaba a Tavistock.Yaƙin da ya gabata ya bayyana a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Plymouth Argyle da Crawley Town.
Jamie Pardington

**Jamie Pardington** (an haife shi ranar 20 ga watan Yuli, 2000) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila wanda yake taka leda a matsayin Mai tsaron gida na ƙungiyar Lincoln City.

Yazo ne ta hanyar ƙungiyar matasa a Wolverhampton Wanderers, yana ba da lokaci a aro a Bath City, Stratford Town, Dulwich Hamlet da Mansfield Town. A lokacin kakar shekarun 2022-23 ya shafe lokaci tare da Grimsby Town da Larne .

## Manazarta
Liam Mandeville

**Liam Mandeville** (an haife shi ranar 17 ga watan Fabrairu, 1997) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila wanda yake taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya na ƙungiyar Chesterf ta Chesterfield.  

## Manazarta
Matt Smith (ɗan ƙwallo)

**Mathieu James Patrick Smith** (an haife shi ranar 7 ga watan Yuni, 1989) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba.

## Kwallon kafa
### Farawa
Ya fara taka leda a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila, yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci tare da New Mills, Redditch United, Littleton, Droylsden, da kuma Solihull Moors. Goals 21 daya ci a kakar shekarun 2010-11 ta Arewa ta jawo hankalin kungiyar League One Oldham Athletic, inda ya shafe shekaru biyu, ciki har da ɗan gajeren aro a Macclesfield Town, kafin ya sanya hannu a kungiyar Championship ta Leeds United a 2013.

### Fulham
Bayan shekara guda a Leeds, ya sanya hannu a Fulham, inda ya sami damar tawagar farko da aka iyakance, kuma nan da nan aka bada rancensa ga Bristol City. Bayan shekaru uku tare da Fulham, ya koma Queens Park Rangers, inda ya kasance babban mai zira kwallaye a kulob din a kakar shekarun 2017-18. Ya sanya hannu a Millwall a shekarar 2019, kuma shine babban mai zira kwallaye a kakar wasa ta farko. Ya sauka a rukuni biyu don sanya hannu a Salford a watan Janairu shekara ta 2022, kuma a farkon kakar wasa ta farko shi ne babban mai zira kwallaye na kulob din yayin da Salford ya kai wasan League Two a karon farko. A kakar wasa ta karshe, ya zira kwallaye 25 kuma an kira shi dan wasan Salford na kakar, tare da sanya masa suna a cikin kungiyar League Two na kakar.

## Manazarta
Stuart Duff

**Stuart Duff** (an haife shi ranar 23 ga watan Janairu, 1982) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Scotland da ya yi ritaya wanda ya buga wa Inverurie Loco Works wasa na ƙarshe a cikin Highland Football League. Ya kasance dan wasan tsakiya na tsakiya ko dayake ya kasance yana wasa a mafi yawan matsayi na tsakiya da tsakiya.

Duff ya fara aikinsa tare da Dundee United, ya cigaba da buga wasanni 171 na farko a cikin shekaru tara a kulob din. Daga baya ya buga wa Aberdeen da Inverness Caledonian Thistle,kafin ya bar Scotland don yin wasa tare da Qormi a Malta da Kairat a Kazakhstan. Ya shiga Cove Rangers a shekarar 2014, sannan ya sanya hannu kan Inverurie Loco Works a shekara ta 2017.

Ya kasance tsohon dan wasan kasa da shekaru 21 na Scotland, bayan ya buga wasanni goma tsakanin shekara ta 2002 da shekarar 2003.

## Manazarta
Najeriya a matsayin mulkin mallaka

Bayan da gwamnatin Biritaniya ta karbe iko da yankunan kamfanin Royal Niger Company kai tsaye, sai aka mayar da yankunan arewa suna zuwa ga kare Arewacin Najeriya, sannan kuma kasar da ke yankin Neja-Delta da gefen rafin ta kara da yankin Neja Coast Protectorate, wadda aka sauya mata suna zuwa ga kare Kudancin Najeriya. Legas ta kasance babban birnin kudu, tare da Zungeru sabon babban birnin arewa. A ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1914, bin shawarwarin Sir Frederick Lugard, an haɗa ƙungiyoyin kare biyu don kafa Mulkin Mallaka da Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Gwamna ɗaya a Legas. Tsakanin 1919 zuwa 1954 taken ya koma gwamna.
## Manazarta
Lardin Ecuador

**Équateur** na ɗaya daga cikin sabbin larduna 21 na Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo da aka kirkira ta hanyar Rarrabawar 2015. Gundumomin Équateur, Mongala, Nord-Ubangi, Sud-Ubangi da Tshuapa sune sakamakon rarraba tsohon lardin Équateur. An kafa lardin na yanzu daga gundumar Équateur da kuma birnin Mbandaka mai zaman kansa wanda ya riƙe matsayinsa na babban birnin lardin.

An kiyasta yawan jama'ar 2020 zuwa 1,856,000 . 

## Tarihi
Lardin Equateur da aka kirkira a 1917 ya fi girma fiye da yau. A tsawon lokaci ya wuce ta hanyar sauye-sauye da yawa na iyaka da suna. A karkashin Mataki na 2 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 2006 ya ɗauki iyakokinta na yanzu,  amma a fannin gudanarwa ba a kammala su ba har zuwa 2015.

## Rarrabawar gudanarwa
Lardin ya kunshi yankuna takwas na gudanarwa, daya daga cikinsu shine babban birnin lardin, Mbandaka; kuma bakwai daga cikinsu yankuna ne: 

:# Bikoro Yankin Bikoro (Yankin Bukoro) tare da garin Bikoro
:# Lukolela Yankin Lukolela tare da garin Lukolela
:# Basankusu Yankin Basankusu tare da garin Basankusu
:# MakanzaYankin Makanza tare da garin Makanza
:# Bolomba tare da garin Bolomba
:# Bomongo tare da garin Bomongo
:# Ingende tare da garin Ingende

## Dubi kuma

* Bolenge

## Manazarta
Caldo

Caldo na iya nufin abubuwa kamar:

## Abinci

* Broth, wanda sunansa na Mutanen Espanya shine caldo*Gurasar*
* Caldo de costilla ("gishiri na hawan"), an yi amfani da shi azaman karin kumallo a Colombia
* Sopo na kaza, abincin kaza na Latin Amurka
* Caldo de queso, wanda aka fi sani da Sonoran cuku soup, ana ba da shi a tsakiyar Mexico da kudu maso yammacin Amurka
* Caldo de siete mares ("soup na teku bakwai"), wanda aka fi sani da caldo de mariscos ("soupe na teku"), wanda aka saba amfani dashi a Mexico
* Caldo verde, abincin da aka fi amfani da shi a Brazil da arewacin Portugal
* Caldo galego, abincin gargajiya na gargajiya daga Galicia
* Pira caldo, stew kifi na Paraguay
* Congee, shinkafa da aka fi sani da arroz caldo (Spanish: caldo de arroz, "soup shinkafa") a cikin Philippines
* Guarapa, wanda aka fi sani da caldo de cana ("ya'yan itace") a Brazil

## Sauran

* Caldo Verde Records, kamfanin rikodin Amurka
* Hot Autumn (autunno caldo), jerin ayyukan aiki a Italiya 1969-1970
* Paolo il caldo, littafin 1955 na Vitaliano Brancati
* *Caldo Largo*, littafin Earl Thompson
Lardin Moyen-Congo

**Mongala** na daya daga cikin larduna 21 na Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango da aka kirkira a shekarar 2015. Mongala, Équateur, Nord-Ubangi, Sud-Ubangi, da Tshuapa larduna ne sakamakon rugujewar tsohuwar lardin Équateur. An kafa Mongala daga gundumar Mongala wanda garin Lisala ya daukaka zuwa babban birnin sabon lardin.

## Wuri
Mongala yana arewa maso yammacin kasar akan kogin Kongo, kuma yana iyaka da lardunan Tsopo, Bas-Uele, Nord-Ubangi, Sud-Ubangi, Équateur da Tshuapa. An raba shi zuwa yankuna uku:

Bongandanga

Bumba, babban gari kuma wurin tsohuwar jihar 'yan aware (1963) a lardin.

## Lisala
Lardin ya hada da kauyen Yambuku.

## Tarihi
Daga 1963 – 1966, ana kiran lardin Mongala da Moyen-Congo. Duk da haka, a karkashin Mobutu, lardin ya koma cikin tsohon lardin Équateur inda ake gudanar da shi a matsayin Gundumar Mongala, har zuwa 2015. Shugabannin (daga baya gwamnoni) na lardin Moyen-Congo sune:

•6 Afrilu 1963 - Yuni 1964 Laurent Eketebi

(daga facto daga 15 Satumba 1962)

•Afrilu 1963 - 30 Yuli 1963 Denis Akundji

(shugaban lardin Bumba mai neman ballewa)

•23 Yuni 1964 - 10 Agusta 1965 Augustin Engwanda

10 Agusta 1965 - 25 Afrilu 1966 Denis Sakombi (an haife shi a shekara ta 1929, ya mutu 1985)

## Manazarta
Tsibirin Bolama

**Bolama** ita ce mafi kusa da tsibiran Bissagos zuwa babban yankin Guinea-Bissau. Tsibirin tana da yawan jama'a 6,024 (ƙidayar 2009).  Tana da sunanta da mafi girman mazauni, garin Bolama, wanda shine babban birnin tsibirin da yankin Bolama. Hanyar da ta haɗa tsibirin zuwa Ilha das Cobras. Abubuwan jan hankali a tsibirin sun haɗa da rairayin bakin teku masu yashi da tarkacen garin Bolama da aka yi watsi da su. An san shi da ƙwayayen cashew.

## Muhalli
Bolama tana kusan kewaye da fadamar mangrove. Tsibirin, tare da ɓangarorin da ke kusa da bakin Rio Grande de Buba, BirdLife International ta ayyana shi a matsayin yanki mai mahimmanci na Tsuntsaye (IBA) saboda lakansu na tsaka-tsaki da mangroves suna tallafawa yawan jama'a na pelicans masu launin ruwan hoda, godwits-tailed, jan kulli, curlew sandpipers da terns-billed.

## Tarihi
A cikin shekarar 1792, gungun jami'an Sojan Ruwa na Royal sun jagoranci wani yunƙuri na sake tsugunar da tsoffin bayi Baƙaƙen fata daga Amurka a tsibirin Bulama da ke gabar tekun Guinea na Portugal. Philip Beaver shi ne shugaban majalisar al'ummar mulkin mallaka; Richard Hancorn ya kasance mataimakin shugaban ƙasa.  sun mutu kuma waɗanda suka tsira sun yi watsi da mulkin mallaka a watan Nuwamba 1793 kuma suka yi hanyarsu ta zuwa Settler Town a cikin abin da daga baya ya zama Mallakar Saliyo.

Har ila yau, Portuguese sun yi iƙirarin Bolama a shekarar 1830 kuma rikici ya taso. A cikin shekarar 1860, Birtaniya ta yi shelar tsibirin da ke haɗe da Saliyo, amma a cikin shekarar 1870 wani kwamiti da Ulysses S. Grant ya jagoranta ya ba Bolama ga Portugal.  Daga baya, a cikin shekarar 1879, garin Bolama ya zama babban birnin Portuguese Guinea  kuma ya kasance har zuwa lokacin da aka canza shi zuwa Bissau a shekarar 1941. Bissau an kafa ta a shekara ta 1687 ta Portugal.  a matsayin katafaren tashar jiragen ruwa da cibiyar kasuwanci. An buƙaci wannan canjin ne saboda ƙarancin ruwan sha a Bolama. Daga baya Bolama ya zama tashar jirgin ruwa, kuma wani mutum-mutumi a garin na tunawa da haɗarin jirgin ruwa a shekarar 1931.

An gina wata masana'antar sarrafa 'ya'yan itace a Bolama jim kaɗan bayan samun 'yancin kai daga ƙasar Guinea-Bissau, tare da taimakon ƙasar Holland. Wannan shuka ta samar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace gwangwani da jelly na 'ya'yan itacen cashew. Duk da haka, ba zai iya faɗaɗa ba kuma dole ne ya rufe ayyukansa, saboda ƙarancin ruwan sha a tsibirin.

An naɗa Bolama wurin ajiyar biosphere. Gwamnatin Bissau-Guinean tana burin a sanya ta a matsayin cibiyar tarihi ta duniya ta farko.

## Ƙara karantawa
Tarihin yunƙurin mulkin mallaka na Ingilishi a cikin shekarar 1792 an ƙididdige shi a cikin surori shida na farko na littafin 2013 "**Ship of Death: Voyage that Changed the Atlantic World**" na ( farfesa na tarihi) Billy G. Smith.

## Manazarta
Caldou

***'Kaldu***', wanda kuma ake kira kaldou, abinci ne na gargajiya daga Senegal, musamman wanda ke da alaƙa da yankunan bakin teku. Abinci ne na broth wanda aka shirya da sabon kifi da kayan lambu. Abincin yana da wasu kamanceceniya na gani tare da sanannen Senegalese Yassa, wani abincin da aka samo asali daga kifi, amma ya bambanta sosai a cikin bayanin dandano da dabarun shirye-shirye. 

A ainihinsa, an gina Caldou a kusa da dandano na halitta na kifi, wanda aka dafa shi a cikin broth. Ana inganta sauce tare da sinadaran kamar albasa, tumatir, da cakuda kayan yaji na gida. Sau da yawa, ana ƙara tamarind ko ruwan 'ya'yan lemun tsami, yana ba da sa hannu ga abincin dandano mai laushi. Ana dafa kifin a hankali don riƙe tausayi, yayin da kayan lambu, kamar carot, cassava, da dankali, suna samar da ma'auni na rubutu da dandano. Sauƙin sinadaran yana ba da damar sabunta abincin teku ya haskaka, yana mai da caldou ƙwarewar abinci ta Senegal.

A al'adance ana ba da shi da shinkafa, Caldou yana nuna zurfin alaƙar ƙasar da teku da kuma wadatattun al'adun noma. Kodayake yana kama da yassa a bayyanar saboda kasancewar kifi da kayan lambu, dandano na Caldou ya fi dacewa, sau da yawa ana bayyana shi a matsayin mai sauƙi da ƙanshi idan aka kwatanta da ƙarfin zuciya, lemun tsami na yassa.

Wannan abincin babban wakilci ne na abincin Senegal, yana nuna muhimmancin sabo, sinadaran gida da muhimmancin al'adun kifi a matsayin abinci na musamman a yankin.

## Manazarta