Airbus

**Airbus SE,** (/ˈɛərbʌs/;   [ɛʁbys] i;  [ˈɛːɐ̯bʊs] i;  [ˈejɾβus]). kamfani ne na Jirgin sama a Turai  . Babban kasuwancin kamfanin shine ƙira da ƙera Jirgin sama na kasuwanci amma kuma yana da tsaron *tsaro da sarari* samaniya da ƙungiyoyin *Helikofta*. Tun daga shekara ta 2019, Airbus ya kasance mafi girman masana'antar jiragen sama a duniya da kuma jagorancin masana'antar helikofta.

An kafa kamfanin ne a matsayin **Kamfanin Tsaro da Sararin samaniya na Turai** (EADS), a cikin shekara ta 2000 ta hanyar haɗuwa da Aérospatiale-Matra na Faransa, DASA na Jamus da CASA na Mutanen Espanya. Sabuwar mahallin daga baya ta sami cikakken mallakar reshen ta, Airbus Industrie GIE, hadin gwiwa kamfanonin sararin samaniya na Turai da aka kafa a 1970, don haɓaka da samar da jirgin sama mai faɗi don yin gasa tare da jiragen sama na Amurka. EADS ta sake sanya kanta a matsayin *Airbus SE* a cikin Shekara ta 2015. Da yake nuna asalinsa na ƙasashe masu yawa, kamfanin yana aiki da manyan ofisoshi da tsire-tsire na taro a Faransa, Jamus, Spain, da Ingila, tare da ƙarin abubuwan da aka yi kwanan nan a Kanada, China, da Amurka.

Hedikwatar Airbus tana da rajista bisa doka a Leiden, Netherlands, amma ana gudanar da gudanar da yau da kullun daga babban ofishin kamfanin da ke Blagnac, Faransa. *SE* a cikin sunan kamfaninsa yana tsaye ne ga .  Shugaba Guillaume Faury ne ke jagorantar kamfanin kuma yana cikin ɓangaren kasuwar hannun jari na Yuro STOXX 50. Tun lokacin da aka kafa shi a shekara ta 2000, an jera hannun jarin kamfanin a Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Paris, Kasuwancin Frankfurt da musayar hannun jarin Mutanen Espanya guda huɗu (ciki har da Bolsa de Madrid). 

A cikin 2024, biyo bayan irin wannan kasuwancin da aka ƙaddamar a Singapore da Netherlands, Airbus ta sanar da shirye-shiryen ta na kafa Tech Hub a Japan, don inganta haɗin gwiwa don ci gaban jirgin sama na gaba.

## Tarihi
Kamfanin na yanzu shine samfurin ƙarfafawa a cikin masana'antar sararin samaniya ta Turai, wanda ya samo asali ne daga kafa kungiyar Airbus Industrie GIE a shekarar 1970. A cikin 2000, an kafa Kamfanin Tsaro da Sararin samaniya na Turai (EADS) NV. Baya ga sauran rassa da suka shafi ayyukan tsaro da sararin samaniya, EADS ta mallaki 100% na Eurocopter SA da ta riga ta kasance, wanda aka kafa a 1992, da kuma 80% na Airbus Industrie GIE. A shekara ta 2001, an sake tsara Airbus Industrie GIE a matsayin Airbus SAS, kamfani mai sauƙaƙe. A shekara ta 2006, EADS ta sami BAE Systems' sauran kashi 20% na Airbus. EADS NV an sake masa suna Airbus Group NV da SE a cikin 2014 da 2015, bi da bi. Saboda rinjaye na sashen Airbus SAS a cikin Airbus Group SE, kwamitocin zartarwa na iyaye da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu sun haɗa kai a watan Janairun 2017, amma an kiyaye kamfanonin a matsayin ƙungiyoyin shari'a daban-daban. An ba kamfanin riƙe sunansa na yanzu a watan Afrilun 2017.The logos of Airbus Industrie GIE and Airbus SAS displayed a stylized turbine symbol, redolent of a jet engine, and a font similar to Helvetica Black. The logo colours were reflected in the standard Airbus aircraft livery in each period. The EADS logo between 2000 and 2010 combined the logos of the merged companies, DaimlerChrysler Aerospace AG (a four-ray star) and Aérospatiale-Matra (a curved arrow), after which these elements were removed and a new font with 3D shading was chosen. This font was retained in the logos of Airbus Group NV (2014–2015) and Airbus Group SE (2015–2017), then Airbus SE:
Fayil:Airbus 1970–2010 logo.svg|alt=Original, for Airbus A300|A asali, kyautaAirbus A300
Fayil:Airbus-group-logo.jpeg|2014–2017
Fayil:Airbus_Logo_2017.svg|alt=2017–present|2017-yanzu


## Kayayyakin

Layin samfurin Airbus ya fara ne tare da A300 a cikin 1972, jirgin sama na farko a duniya, jirgin sama na twinjet. Jirgin ya amfana sosai daga gabatarwar 1976 na dokar ETOPS 90, wanda ya ba da damar jirgin sama na twinjet don aiki har zuwa minti 90 (ya ƙaru daga minti 60) daga filin jirgin sama mafi kusa. A karkashin sabon mulki, A300 ya sami damar aiki a kan Arewacin Atlantic, Bay of Bengal, da Tekun Indiya da kyau fiye da trijets da jirgin sama mai injin hudu da masu fafatawa suka bayar. Wani ɗan gajeren, mai fuka-fuki, wanda aka sake yin injiniya na A300, wanda aka sani da A310, ya biyo baya a 1982. Jirgin zai ci gaba da samarwa har zuwa 2007.

Kokarin kunkuntar jiki ya haifar da ƙaddamar da A320 a cikin 1987, wanda ya kasance kuma ya ci gaba da kasancewa babban nasarar kasuwanci. A320 ita ce jirgin kasuwanci na farko da ya yi amfani da tsarin sarrafa jirgin sama ta waya. Dukkanin jiragen sama na Airbus da aka haɓaka tun daga wannan lokacin suna da tsarin jirgi mai kama da A320, yana sauƙaƙa horar da ma'aikata. Nasarar ta sa Airbus ta gabatar da wani tsawo, A321 a 1993, tare da gajeren A319 a 1995 da kuma gajeren A118 a 2002. A cikin 2016, Airbus ya sake yin injiniya da iyalin ƙanƙanin jiki, a cikin shirin da ake kira A320neo (*sabon zaɓi na injiniya).*

Shirin jiki mai faɗi ya haifar da gabatar da injin A340 guda huɗu a cikin 1991 da twinjet A330 a cikin 1992. A wannan lokacin, Airbus yana so ya ba da jirgin sama mai injin hudu don ba da damar zirga-zirgar jiragen sama masu tsawo da kuma zirga-zane. Koyaya, a lokacin ci gaban jirgin sama, sabbin dokoki sun tsawaita ayyukan twinjet zuwa minti 120 a 1986, da minti 180 a 1989. Kodayake sabbin dokoki sun cutar da tallace-tallace na A340, sun amfana sosai ga A330. Samar da A340 ya ƙare a cikin 2011, yayin da za a sake yin A330 a matsayin A330neo (*sabon zaɓi na injiniya*) a cikin 2018.

Airbus ne ya gabatar da jirgin sama mafi girma a duniya a cikin shekara ta 2005; A380 jirgin sama ne mai injiniya huɗu tare da ɗakunan zama na fasinja guda biyu. An yi niyyar kalubalanci rinjaye na Boeing 747 a cikin kasuwar dogon lokaci, A380 ya kasance kamfani ne mai asarar kuɗi ga Airbus saboda manyan farashin ci gaba da iyakantaccen tallace-tallace, kuma samarwa ya ƙare a watan Janairun 2022.

An gabatar da A350, jirgin sama mai faɗi, twinjet a cikin 2013. A350 shine jirgin sama na farko na Airbus wanda aka yi da yawa daga Polymers masu karfafa carbon-fiber. Ya fi tsayi kuma ya fi faɗi fiye da fuselage da aka yi amfani da shi a kan A300, A310, A330, da A340.

An kara jet na biyu a cikin jerin samfurori a cikin 2018 lokacin da Airbus ya sami iko da shirin Bombardier CSeries, kuma ya sake sanya shi a matsayin A220. Jirgin yana ba da wurin zama biyar idan aka kwatanta da wurin zama shida a kan A320**.**

*Bayani kamar na 29 Fabrairu 2024.*

Har ila yau, kamfanin yana da kashi 50% na haɗin gwiwar ATR wanda ke gina jirgin sama na ATR 42 da ATR 72 na yanki

### Jiragen sama na kamfanoni

Airbus Corporate Jets suna siyarwa kuma suna canza sabbin jiragen sama don abokan ciniki masu zaman kansu da kamfanoni. Yana da samfurin samfurin da ya yi daidai da jirgin sama na kasuwanci wanda kamfanin ya bayar. Bayan shigar da Boeing Business Jet mai tushe 737, Airbus ya shiga kasuwar jet din kasuwanci tare da A319 Corporate Jet a cikin 1997. Kodayake an fara amfani da kalmar Airbus Corporate Jet ne kawai don A319CJ, yanzu ana amfani da shi sau da yawa ga duk samfuran, gami da VIP widebodies. Ya zuwa watan Disamba na shekara ta 2008, jiragen sama 121 na kamfanoni da masu zaman kansu suna aiki, kuma an ba da umarnin jirgin sama 164.

Har ila yau, kamfanin yana da kashi 10% na Dassault Aviation, wanda ke gina Iyalin Falcon na ƙananan jiragen kasuwanci.

### Soja

Kasuwancin Airbus Defence da Space kuma ko dai yana gina ko gyara sabon jirgin sama don amfani da soja. Airbus ya kara sha'awar bunkasa da siyarwa ga kasuwar jirgin sama ta soja a ƙarshen shekarun 1990. Ya fara manyan fannoni biyu na ci gaba: man fetur na sama tare da Airbus A310 MRTT (Multi-Role Tanker Transport) kuma daga baya Airbus A330 MRTT, da kuma jigilar jiragen sama tare da Airbus A400M Atlas. Har ila yau, kamfanin ya ci gaba da tallatawa da tara wasu jiragen soji da kamfanonin da suka kafa Airbus suka bayar a baya, musamman CASA.

Jirgin saman MRTT na A310 da A330 juyawa ne na farar hula. Ana kiran jirgin sama jigilar tanki mai aiki da yawa saboda, ban da ikon man fetur na iska, ana iya daidaita jirgin sama don jigilar sojoji, medevac, da jigilar kaya.

A400M Atlas jirgin sama ne mai motsi huɗu, mai amfani da turboprop. A400M yana da girman tsakanin C-130 da aka yi da Amurka da C-17 sufuri, kuma yayin da yake iya ɗaukar nauyin nauyi fiye da C-130, injunan turboprop suna ba shi damar riƙe ikon amfani da sassan saukowa. An kirkiro A400M ne ga mambobin NATO na Turai, Belgium, Faransa, Jamus, Luxembourg, Spain, Turkiyya, da Burtaniya, a matsayin madadin dogaro da jirgin sama na kasashen waje. A lokacin ci gaba, shirin A400M ya fuskanci jinkiri da wuce gona da iri;  tare da kasashe masu cin gashin kansu suna ba da ƙarin tallafi.  An kawo jirgin sama na farko ga Sojojin Sama na Faransa a cikin 2013, kuma zuwa 2023, an gina sama da jirgin sama 100.

Har ila yau, sashen Tsaro da sararin samaniya suna siyarwa da tara Airbus C295, ƙaramin jirgin sufuri na dabarun, wanda kamfanin CASA na sararin samaniya na Spain ya tsara kuma ya fara kirkirar shi.

Har ila yau, kamfanin yana da kashi 50% na haɗin gwiwar ArianeGroup wanda ke gina motar Ariane 5 na sararin samaniya, mai mallakar kashi 46% na haɗin gwilar Yurofighter wanda ke gina jirgin saman yaki na Typhoon, mai mallakarta kashi 42.5% na haɗin gwiwarsa na Panavia Aircraft wanda ya gina jirgin saman yaƙi na Tornado, mai mallakarsa ta 37.5% na haɗin gwiwa na MBDA wanda ke gina makamai masu linzami na 10% na Dassault Aviation wanda ke gina jet din yaƙi na Rafale, kuma a baya, mai fighter na Mirage 2000.

### Jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu
Airbus Helicopters kasuwanni kuma suna gina sabon rotorcraft don amfani da farar hula da soja. An kafa ƙungiyar ne a cikin 1992 a matsayin Ƙungiyar Eurocopter, ta hanyar haɗuwa da ƙungiyoyin helikofta na Aérospatiale da DASA (biyu daga cikin kamfanonin da suka kafa Airbus). Airbus Helicopters shine babban dan wasa a masana'antar helikofta ta turbine duka dangane da kudaden shiga da isar da su.

Kayan farar hula na ƙungiyar sun haɗa da injin guda ɗaya H125 da H130, injin tagwaye mai sauƙi H135 da H145, injin tagwayen matsakaici H155 da H160, injin ma'aurata mai matsakaici mai suna H175, da kuma injin tagulla mai nauyi H215 da H225.

Kayayyakin soja sun haɗa da jirgi mai saukar ungulu na Tiger, tare da nau'ikan soja na H125, H135, H145, H160, H175, H215, da H225. 

Har ila yau, kamfanin yana da kashi 62.5% na haɗin gwiwar NHIndustries, wanda ke gina jirgin saman soja na NH90.

## Shirye-shiryen

### Rarrabawar

## manazarta