Yamada Waka

**Yamada Waka**  ta kasance 'yar Japan ce mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata da zamantakewa, mai aiki a ƙarshen zamanin Meiji, lokacin Taishō da Shōwa na Japan .

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haife ta Asaba Waka a ƙauyen Kurihama, Gundumar Miura (Yokosuka a yau), a cikin Gundumar Kanagawa ga dangin manoma matalauta, tana da shekaru 18, a shekara ta 1897, ta tafi kusa da Yokohama don neman aiki. Koyaya, an sace ta kuma ta ƙare an yi fataucin ta zuwa Seattle don zama karuwa, ta zama sananne a can da "Arabian Oyae". An tsare ta a matsayin bawa na jima'i a can har zuwa 1900, lokacin da ta sadu da wani ɗan jaridar Japan, Tachii Nobusaburo ko Shinzaburo Ritsui (立井信三郎), wanda ya zama mai sha'awar yanayinta kuma ya taimaka mata ta tsere zuwa San Francisco. Tsohon mai ceton ta ya fitar da ita da kansa, har sai da ta tsere daga gare shi kuma ta sami Cameron House, wani aikin Presbyterian da aka kafa don taimakawa karuwanci su tsere wa wahalarsu. Ta tuba zuwa Kiristanci kuma ta yi aiki a can yayin da take karatun Turanci. A cikin 1903, ta sadu da Kakichi Yamada (山田嘉吉), masanin ilimin zamantakewa wanda ke gudanar da makarantar Ingilishi. Sun fada cikin soyayya kuma sun yi aure a shekara mai zuwa, kuma a 1906 suka koma Japan.

## Yunkurin fafutuka
Sun koma Yotsuya Ward na Tokyo, inda ta gamu da rubuce-rubucen mai ba da shawara kan kare hakkin mata na Sweden Ellen Key, wanda ya rubuta abubuwa da yawa game da uwaye, ciki, haihuwa, kula da yara, da kuma jihar da ke kare waɗannan matsayi. Bugu da kari, mijinta ya fara koyar da harsunan kasashen waje a makarantarsa ga Osugi Sakae, wanda daga nan ya gabatar da Waka ga mujallar Hiratsuka Raicho, "Bluestocking". Daga nan ne Yamada ta fara aiki na yaki da 'yancin mata. Ta zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mambobin ƙungiyar mata ta Japan, gami da kasancewa mai ba da gudummawa akai-akai ga "Bluestocking" ("Seito"). Ta sanar da cin zarafin kanta a matsayin karuwa, duk da cin zarafar zamantakewa da ke da alaƙa da irin wannan shigarwa. Tana da shafi na "mata" na yau da kullun a cikin jaridar "Asahi Shimbun". Ta zama mai fassara na Jafananci ga Olive Schreiner .

Ta bambanta da sauran 'yan mata na Japan na zamanin a cikin cewa babban sha'awarta ita ce karewa da kuma inganta matsayin mata a matsayin matar da uwa. Wannan burin ya yi kama da na wahayi na akidar ta, Ellen Key, kuma ya sanya burinta daidai da burin mulkin mallaka na Japan, wanda ke ba da shawarar muhimmancin mata masu kyau da uwaye masu hikima, kuma yana da akidar goyon bayan haihuwa don ƙarfafa yara su goyi bayan yaki. Wannan halin ya sanya ta cikin rashin jituwa da yawancin sauran mata na yau, da yawa daga cikinsu ba masu goyon bayan burin mulkin mallaka na Japan ba ne, kuma wadanda suka jaddada karin daidaito tare da maza ba tare da damuwa game da matsayin matar da uwa ba. Yamada ta ba da shawara ga "Dokar Kare Uwa da Yara", wanda ya ƙare a kafa sabuwar kungiyar mata (Shin Fujin Kyokai). A shekara ta 1934, ta kafa Kungiyar Mata (ba da daɗewa ba aka sake masa suna Kungiyar Kare Maternity (Bosei Hogo Renmei)) kuma ta zama kujera.

Shahararta ta kasance cewa lokacin da ta ziyarci Amurka don yawon shakatawa, an gayyace ta ziyarci Eleanor Roosevelt a Fadar White House, wanda ta yi a ranar 7 ga Disamba, 1937. A cikin 1938, ta buɗe mafaka ta farko ga mata da yara da ke tserewa daga gidajen cin zarafi a Japan.

Bayan karshen yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi fushi da ganin karuwanci da gwamnati ke tallafawa ya halicci ma'aikatan Amurka da ke mamaye Japan. Duk da yake an rufe gidajen Karuwanci da jihar ke tallafawa ba da daɗewa ba, akwai karuwai da yawa a kan tituna a cikin rikice-rikice bayan yaƙin, da yawa sun rasa gidajensu da iyalansu a yaƙin. A mayar da martani ga wannan, Yamada ya bude makaranta a Tokyo kamar Cameron House, a cikin 1947, wanda aka tsara don taimakawa karuwancin Japan su tsere wa yanayinsu ta hanyar koyon ƙwarewa masu mahimmanci.

## Manazarta