Yanayin Yukon

**Yukon** (yawan jama'a kamar yadda aka ƙidaya ta 2021 40,232 ) tana cikin kusurwar arewa maso yammacin Kanada kuma tana da iyaka da Alaska, British Columbia da Yankin Arewa maso Yamma. Yankin da ke da ƙarancin jama'a yana cike da shimfidar wuri, tabkuna masu narkewar dusar ƙanƙara da tsaunuka masu fararen fata, gami da yawancin tsaunuka mafi girma na Kanada. Yanayin yankin shine Arctic a yankin arewacin Old Crow, subarctic a yankin, tsakanin Whiteehorse da Old Crow, da kuma Yanayin zafi na nahiyar a kudancin Whitehorse kuma a yankunan da ke kusa da iyakar British Columbia. Yawancin yankin gandun daji ne tare da tundra kasancewa babban yankin ciyayi ne kawai a cikin iyakar arewa da kuma tsaunuka masu tsawo.

The territory is about the shape of a right triangle, bordering the American state of Alaska to the west, the Northwest Territories to the east and British Columbia to the south. Yukon covers , of which  is land and  is water, making it the thirty-sixth largest subnational entity in the world, and, among the fifty largest, the least populous.

Yukon tana da iyaka a kudu ta hanyar 60th parallel of latitude. Yankin arewacin yana kan Tekun Beaufort . Yankin yammacinsa shine 141 ° yamma longitude. Yankin gabashin da ke cike da ita ya biyo bayan Rarraba tsakanin Kogin Yukon da Kogin Mackenzie zuwa gabas a cikin Dutsen Mackenzie.

## Yanayin jiki
Sai dai ga filin bakin teku a bakin Tekun Beaufort Sea (Arctic Ocean), yawancin Yukon wani bangare ne na Cordillera na Amurka. Yankin ya haɗa da tsaunuka, tsaunuka da kwarin kogi.

Yankin kudu maso yammacin yana cike da filayen kankara na Kluane a cikin Kluane National Park da Reserve, mafi girman filayen kankare da ba na polar ba a cikin Poles. Gidan shakatawa na Kluane ya ƙunshi takwas daga cikin tsaunuka goma mafi girma na Kanada, gami da biyar mafi girma, duk a cikin tsaunukan Saint Elias. Yawancin kankara suna gudana daga filayen kankara, gami da Logan Glacier, Hubbard Glacier da Kaskawulsh Glacier.

Permafrost ya zama ruwan dare gama gari. Yankin arewacin Yukon yana da ci gaba da ci gaba, yayin da yake da yawa a tsakiyar. Ko da kudancin Yukon ya warwatse patches na permafrost.

Manyan kuskuren guda biyu, Denali Fault da Tintina Fault sun haifar da manyan kwari da ake kira trenches: Shakwak Trench da Tintinina Trench. Shakwak Trench ya rami yankunan Kluane daga wasu tsaunuka a arewacinsa. Hanyar Haines da Hanyar Alaska a arewacin Haines Junction an gina su a cikin Shakwak Trench . Tintina Trench ya raba Yukon daga arewa maso yamma zuwa kudu maso gabas kuma gefensa suna da wadatattun ma'adanai ciki har da zinare na Klondike da kuma gubar-zinc a kusa da Faro.

### Dutsen wuta
Dutsen dutsen da ke Yukon wani yanki ne na da'irar tsaunukan da ke kewaye da Tekun Pasifik da ake kira Ring of Fire.  Yukon ya ƙunshi fiye da cibiyoyin volcanic sama da 100 waɗanda ke aiki a lokacin Quaternary.  Filin dutsen mai aman wuta na Fort Selkirk a tsakiyar Yukon shine filin dutsen mai aman wuta na Holocene a arewa a Kanada, gami da mazugi na cinder mai aiki, Dutsen Volcano.  Filin dutsen mai aman wuta a kudu-tsakiyar Yukon ana kiransa hadaddiyar tudun dutsen Alligator.  Ya ƙunshi mazugi biyu na cinder da aka kiyaye da kyau waɗanda ke rufe ƙaramin dutsen mai garkuwa.  Lawa daga mazugi ya yi tafiya zuwa arewa kuma ya fashe a lokaci guda.  Volcanoes a kudu-maso-yammacin Yukon wani yanki ne na Filin Volcanic na Wrangell, wanda ke da alaƙa da rushe farantin Fasifik a ƙarƙashin farantin Arewacin Amurka a ƙarshen gabas na Avalanche Trench.

* Dutsen Volcano
* Alligator Lake dutsen wuta
* Filin dutsen wuta na Fort Selkirk
* Tsarin ciki
* Bennett Lake Volcanic Complex
* Sifton Range dutsen wuta
* Dutsen Rabbit
* Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashiya
* Dutsen Ibex
* Dutsen McNeil
* Miles Canyon Basalts
* Ne Ch'e Ddhawa
* Kungiyar Skukum
* Upper Becker Creek Cone

### Tsawon tsaunuka
Dutsen Saint Elias wani bangare ne na Dutsen Coast wanda ke fitowa daga kudancin British Columbia zuwa Alaska kuma yana rufe kudu maso yammacin Yukon. Duk da yake tsaunukan Saint Elias suna dauke da tsaunuka mafi girma, akwai wasu tsaunuka da yawa, daga tsaunukan Burtaniya a arewacin arewa da tsaunukan Richardson a arewa maso gabas, dukansu biyu suna cikin Brooks Range, zuwa tsaunukan Selwyn da Mackenzie a gabas, tsaunukan Cassiar a kudu maso gabas.

Yukon tsaunuka sun hada da:

* Brooks Range (yawanci a arewacin Alaska) Dutsen Burtaniya, Yukon Dutsen Richardson, Yukon
** Duwatsun Burtaniya, Yukon
** Dutsen Richardson, Yukon
* Duwatsun Cassiar, British Columbia da Yukon
* Dutsen Mackenzie, Yankin Arewa maso Yamma da Yukon 
** Dutsen Logan, Yukon
* Dutsen Selwyn, Dutsen Yukon Hess, Yukon Nadaleen Range, Yukon Bonnet Plume Range, Yukon Wernecke Mountains Group, Yukon Knorr Range, Yukin
** Duwatsun Hess, Yukon
** Yankin Nadaleen, Yukon
** Yankin Bonnet Plume, Yukon
** Ƙungiyar Dutsen Wernecke, Yukon
** Kogin Knorr, Yukon
* Pacific Coast Ranges, Mexico zuwa Alaska Coast Mountains, kuma a cikin British Columbia da Alaska Panhandle Saint Elias Mountains، kudancin Alaska, Yukon da British Columbia Kluane Ranges, Yukon Alsek Ranges,Yukon, British Columbia da Alas
** Duwatsun bakin teku, kuma a cikin British Columbia da Alaska Panhandle
** Dutsen Saint Elias, kudancin Alaska, Yukon da British Columbia Kluane Ranges, Yukon Alsek Ranges,Yukon, British Columbia da Alaska
*** Yankin Kluane, Yukon
*** Alsek Ranges, Yukon, British Columbia da Alaska
* Yukon Ranges
** Yankin Anvil
** Dawson Range
** Yankin Masu hakar ma'adinai, Yukon
** Yankin Nisling
** Dutsen Ogilvie, Yukon Nahoni Range
*** Yankin Nahoni
** Dutsen Pelly, Yukon Big Salmon Range, Yukon Glenlyon Range Saint Cyr Range
*** Babban Salmon Range, Yukon
*** Yankin Glenlyon
*** Yankin Saint Cyr
** Yankin Ruby, Yukon

### Duwatsu mafi tsawo

## Rubuce-rubucen ruwa
Yawancin yankin yana cikin magudanar ruwa na sunan sa, Kogin Yukon, wanda ke kwarara cikin Tekun Bering.  Kudancin Yukon yana cike da adadi mai yawa na manya, dogaye da kunkuntar tafkunan tsaunuka masu cin dusar ƙanƙara, yawancinsu suna kwarara cikin tsarin kogin Yukon.  Manyan tabkuna sun hada da: Teslin Lake, Lake Atlin, Tagish Lake, Marsh Lake, Lake Laberge, tafkin Kusawa, tafkin Kluane.  Kogin Bennett akan hanyar Klondike Gold Rush ƙaramin tafkin ne wanda ke kwarara zuwa tafkin Tagish.

Sauran koguna suna gudana kai tsaye zuwa cikin Tekun Pacific ko kai tsaye ko a kaikaice zuwa cikin Tekin Arctic. Rashin ruwa na Alsek - Tatshenshini yana gudana kai tsaye zuwa cikin Pacific daga kudu maso yammacin Yukon. Koguna da yawa a arewacin Yukon suna gudana kai tsaye cikin Tekun Arctic. Manyan koguna biyu na Yukon da ke gudana cikin Kogin Mackenzie a cikin Yankin Arewa maso Yamma sune Kogin Liard a kudu maso gabas da Kogin Peel da magoya bayansa a arewa maso gabas.

## Yanayi
Yawancin Yukon yana da yanayi na ƙasa (Köppen weather classification Dfc), wanda ke da dogon lokacin sanyi da gajeriyar lokacin zafi.  Filin jirgin sama a Snag, kilomita 25 (16 mi) gabas da Beaver Creek kusa da iyakar Alaska, ya sami mafi ƙarancin zafin da aka auna a Arewacin Amurka (a wajen Greenland), -63.0 °C (−81.4 °F) a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu 1947.[1]  Tekun Arctic yana da yanayin iyakacin duniya (ET).  Yanayin gabaɗaya ya bushe sosai, ba tare da hazo kaɗan ba, amma yana da ruwa sosai a kudu maso gabas.  Hazo ya fi girma a cikin tsaunuka, kuma tarin dusar ƙanƙara yana ci gaba da narkewa sosai a lokacin rani, wanda ke haifar da ruwa mai yawa a cikin Yuli ko Agusta.

## Muhalli
Sai dai ga filin bakin teku na Tekun Arctic da tsaunuka masu tsawo, yawancin Yukon suna cikin yankin da ke cikin gandun daji na Kanada. Yawancin tsaunuka na tsaunuka da tsaunuka masu tsawo suna da alamar Alpine tundra yayin da filin bakin teku shine tundra na bakin teku na Arctic. Fiye da haka, bisa ga ma'anar yankin da aka yi amfani da ita ta Muhalli da Canjin Yanayi Kanada, kudanci da tsakiyar Yukon wani bangare ne na Boreal Cordillera Ecozone yayin da gandun daji na arewa wani bangare na Taiga Cordillera Ecozone. Yankin Kogin Peel a arewa maso gabas yana cikin Taiga Plains Ecozone kuma bakin tekun Arctic yana cikin Kudancin Arctic Ecozone.

### Shuke-shuke
Picea mariana">Black spruce (Picea mariana),  fararen spruce, aspen mai girgiza (*Populus tremuloides*) da balsam poplar (*Populus balsamifera*) ana samun su a ko'ina cikin yankin. Kodayake ba a saba gani ba, ana samun Betula neoalaskana">Birch na Alaska (Betula neoalaskana) a yawancin yankuna. Pinus contorta">Pine na lodgepole (Pinus contorta) ya kai iyakar arewacin yankin, yayin da ake samun Larix laricina">tamarack (Larix laricina) a kudu maso gabas kuma ana samun fir na subalpine (*Abies lasiocarpa*, itacen hukuma ) a tsaunuka mafi girma a kudancin yankin. Fireweed (*Epilobium angustifolium*) shine furen hukuma na yankuna.

### Dabbobi
An kiyasta cewa akwai fiye da 200,000 Caribou (*Rangifer tarandus*) a cikin garken 53 a duk Yukon. Yankin da ba shi da amfani (*Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus* ko *Rangifer tarandus grantii*),  wanda ya haɗa da garken Porcupine caribou mai ƙarfi 169,000 (*Rangifer arcticus arcticus*).  Caribou na gandun daji (*Rangifer tarandus caribou*) gandun daji ne na boreal da kuma caribou na arewacin dutse kamar yadda Kwamitin kan Yanayin Dabbobi masu haɗari a Kanada ya tsara.

Sauran manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa sun hada da moose (Alces alces), wolf ( Canis lupus ), grizzly bears ( Ursus arctos horribilis ) da kuma baƙar fata na Amurka ( Ursus americanus ).  Manyan tuddai suna da tumaki Dall (kuma ana kiransu tunkiya na bakin ciki, Ovis dalli) da, a kudu, akuyar dutse (Oreamnos americanus).  Polar bears ( Ursus maritimus) ana samun su a bakin tekun Arctic.  Barewa alfadari (Odocoileus hermionus) da mafarinsa, cougar (Puma concolor), suna ƙara zama ruwan dare a kudanci, kuma coyotes (Canis latrans) suna ƙaruwa zuwa arewacin Yukon.  Elk (Cervus canadensis) da bison itace (Bison bison athabascae) suma an gabatar dasu.n.

Akwai nau'ikan rodents da yawa, gami da jan squirrels (Sciurus Vularis), Arcroca Colrii), Castor Canadensis), nau'ikan voles, nau'ikan voles, na arewa na Amurka  (ERETHIZON  Dorsatum), muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus), da dai sauransu Mustelids kuma suna da wakilci sosai kuma sun hada da wolverine (Gulo gulo), American marten (Martes americana), stoat (wanda ake kira ermine, Mustela erminea), mafi ƙarancin weasel (Mustela nivalis), American mink (Neogale vison), ko Lutra kogin otter.  Sauran ƙananan dabbobi masu cin nama a yanzu sune Kanada lynx (Lynx canadensis), ja fox (Vulpes vulpes) da kuma Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) tare da bakin tekun arewa.

Fiye da nau'in tsuntsaye 250 an ga su a Yukon. Raven na yau da kullun (*Corvus corax*) tsuntsu ne na yanki kuma ya zama ruwan dare a ko'ina. Sauran tsuntsaye masu zama na yau da kullun sun haɗa da gaggafa (*Haliaeetus leucocephalus*), gaggafa na zinariya (*Aquila chrysaetos*), Gyrfalcon (*Falco rusticolus*) da falcon peregrine (*Falco peregrinus*), nau'ikan nau'ikan tsuntsaye bakwai (spruce (Canachites canadensis), dusky (*Dendragapus obscurus*), Ruffed (*Bonasa umbellus*), sharp-tailed (*Tympanuchus phasianellus*), Willow pigan (Lagus da mutaus), White Ptarmigan). Yawancin tsuntsaye masu ƙaura suna haifuwa a cikin Yukon, kamar yadda yake a ƙarshen arewacin Pacific Flyway.

Ban da burbot (Lota lota) da arewacin pike (Esox lucius), yawancin manyan kifin da ake samu a kogin Yukon, tafkuna da koguna su ne salmonids.  Dabbobi hudu na kifi na Pacific (chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), chum ( Oncorhynchus keta), coho ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ), da sockeye ( Oncorhynchus nerka )) suna da yawa a cikin kogin Yukon da tafkuna a cikin kogin Pacific da Yukon.  Kogin Yukon yana da mafi tsayin hanyar ƙaura na ruwa na kowane irin kifi;  Salmon Chinook yana ninkaya sama da kilomita 3,000 (1,900 mi) daga bakinsa a cikin Tekun Bering zuwa filayen haye da ke saman Whitehorse.  Akwai kuma kokanee mai kulle ƙasa (Oncorhynchus nerka, nau'in sockeye) da kuma bakan trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss).  Char suna wakilta da kifi na lake (Salvelinus namaycush) da ke cikin mafi yawan manyan tafkunan Yukon, da Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma), kifi (Salvelinus confluentus) da Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus).  The Arctic grayling ( Thymallus arcticus ) yana ko'ina, yayin da tabkuna suna da fararen kifi iri-iri da inconnu (Stenodus leucichthys).). 

Babu Dabbobi masu rarrafe a Yukon, amma 'yan kwari kamar kwari na itace (*Lithobates sylvaticus*). 

## Yanayin ɗan adam
Yukon is sparsely populated, with 40,232 inhabitants (as of the 2021 census) in a territory almost as large as Spain or Sweden. Covering an area of  the population density is  0.09/km2 (0.22/sq mi). Close to three quarters of the population is in the Whitehorse area, and the rest live in a number of other communities. All except Old Crow are accessible by road.

Babban birnin, Whitehorse (2021 yawan jama'a 28,201 ), shi ne kuma birni mafi girma tare da sama da 70% na yawan jama'ar; na biyu mafi girma shine Dawson City, (2021 yawan mutane 1,577 ) wanda shine babban birnin har zuwa 1952.

A al'ada, Yukon ta kasance mazaunin makiyaya masu magana da harshen Athapaskan waɗanda suka kafa cibiyoyin kasuwanci masu yawa tare da Tlingit na Tekun Pacific. Mutanen cikin gida suna sayar da jan ƙarfe, fata da nama don kayayyakin bakin teku kamar man eulachon. Kimanin kashi 20% na yawan mutanen Yukon sun fito ne daga asalin ƙasar.

Babu yawan Inuit a Yukon, kodayake akwai yawan jama'a a bakin Tekun Arctic a cikin lokutan tarihi. Inuit sun hallaka ta hanyar cuta kuma sun ɓace a karni na 19. A shekara ta 1984, Gwamnatin Kanada ta haɗa da Yukon North Slope a cikin Yankin Gidauniyar Inuvialuit a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Inuvialuita . 

Tebur mai zuwa, wanda aka tsara a cikin haruffa yana gabatar da yawan jama'ar yawancin Al'ummomin Yukon kamar yadda Statistics Canada ta lissafa.

## Albarkatun halitta
Yukon tana da albarkatun ma'adinai masu yawa kuma hakar ma'adanai shine babban abin da ke cikin tattalin arziki har zuwa kwanan nan. An sami zinariya mai yawa a Yankin Klondike wanda ya haifar da Klondike Gold Rush na 1898. Ana samun zinariya a cikin koguna da koguna da yawa, kuma akwai masana'antar hakar ma'adinai mai aiki a cikin Klondike da sauran sassan Yukon har zuwa yau.

Sauran ma'adanai da aka haƙa su sosai sun haɗa da jan ƙarfe a yankin Whiteehorse, gubar da zinc a Faro, azurfa, zinc da gubar a yankin Mayu / Keno City, asbestos a Clinton Creek, da jan ƙarfa, zinariya, da kwal a yankin Carmacks. Mafi girman sanannen ajiyar tungsten a duniya yana cikin yankin Macmillan Pass a cikin Dutsen Mackenzie kusa da iyakar Yankin Arewa maso Yamma. Ma'adanai marasa ƙarfe da aka haƙa sun haɗa da jade da barite. Lazulite, dutse mai daraja da kuma yankin hukuma, yana faruwa a arewacin Yukon, kimanin  (20  kudu da Tekun Beaufort.

Cinikin fata yana da matukar muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin 'Yan asalin ƙasar Yukon, amma farashi mai rahusa da tasirin Yunkurin kare hakkin dabbobi sun lalata tattalin arzikin gargajiya.

Akwai tashoshin samarwa da wutar lantarki guda huɗu a Yukon. Uku da Yukon Energy ke sarrafawa; daya a Tafkin Aishihik, daya a Mayo kuma na uku a abin da ya kasance White Horse Rapids wanda madatsar ruwan Yukon River ta mamaye shi don ƙirƙirar Tafkin Schwatka kusa da Whitehorse. Yukon Electrical ne ke sarrafa na huɗu a Tafkin Kifi

Duk da yake Yukon galibi an rufe shi da gandun daji, yawancin bishiyoyi ƙananan ne kuma suna ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo don girma da sake farfadowa saboda yanayin sanyi mai sanyi. Akwai adadi mai yawa na ƙananan katako, amma yankin da zai iya ci gaba da gandun daji na masana'antu yana kudu maso gabas tare da yanayin zafi. Koyaya, nesa daga kasuwanni da canjin farashi sun haifar da masana'antar bunkasa da fashewa.

A halin yanzu ana samar da karamin iskar gas a kudu maso gabas, amma an yi bincike kadan a wasu sassan Yukon. An yi imanin cewa akwai filayen iskar gas mai yawa a yankin Eagle Plains tare da Dempster Highway kuma mai yiwuwa a yankin Whitehorse, amma nesa daga bututun mai ya hana bincike.

## Batutuwan muhalli
Canjin yanayi yana shafar arewa fiye da sauran sassan duniya kuma Yukon ba banda ba ne. Duk da yake mazauna na iya maraba da yanayin zafi, ba a san tasirin ba. Yanayin zafi mafi girma zai haifar da karin kumburi da bushewa a cikin yanayin da ya riga ya bushe, wanda ke haifar da karin gobarar daji da rage yawan amfanin halittu na gandun daji, wanda ci gabansa ya iyakance ta hanyar rashin danshi fiye da zafin jiki. Hakanan kankara na iya narkewa, kuma permafrost mai yiwuwa ya narke.

Yukon kuma ita ce mai karɓar gurɓataccen iska daga wasu sassan duniya, musamman ma gurɓatawar kwayoyin. Ba a ba da shawarar cin hanta na wasu dabbobi da kifi saboda waɗannan.

A cikin gida, farfado da ma'adinai da kuma magance ma'adanai da ke haifar da magudanar ma'adinin acid da aka bari daga rufe ma'adinan ma'adanan shine babban matsala kuma mai yiwuwa zai kashe daruruwan miliyoyin daloli don tsaftacewa.

A kokarin karfafa binciken albarkatun kasa, gwamnatin Yukon Party ta baya (2002-2011) karkashin jagorancin Dennis Fentie ta dakatar da aikace-aikacen Shirye-shiryen Yankin Karewa (wanda gwamnatin Yukon New Democratic Party ta kafa) kuma ta nuna niyyarta ta kada ta samar da ƙarin wuraren kariya ko wuraren shakatawa.

Mutanen Gwich'in na Old Crow sun dogara da garken Porcupine caribou don abinci da tufafi, kamar sauran a Yukon. Garken caribou na Porcupine yana ƙaura zuwa filin bakin teku a cikin Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) a Alaska don haihuwa. Wannan garken na iya fuskantar barazana sosai ta hanyar hako mai a cikin ANWR.