Tasirin lafiyar radon

**Sakamakon lafiyar [[Radon]]** yana da lahani, kuma ya haɗa da ƙarin damar Ciwon daji na huhu. Radon iskar gas ce mai amfani da rediyo, mara launi, mara ƙanshi, mai ban sha'awa, wanda yawancin masana kimiyya da likitoci suka yi nazari game da tasirinsa akan kiwon lafiya. Gas mai tasowa na halitta wanda aka kafa a matsayin samfurin lalacewa na radium, radon yana daya daga cikin abubuwa masu yawa waɗanda suka kasance gas a ƙarƙashin yanayi na al'ada, kuma ana ɗaukarsa haɗarin lafiya saboda aikin rediyo. isotope mafi tsayayya, radon-222, yana da rabin rayuwa kwanaki 3.8. Saboda yawan rediyo, masana sunadarai ba su yi nazari sosai ba, amma an san wasu mahadi.

An kafa Radon-222 a matsayin wani ɓangare na Jerin uranium watau sarkar lalacewar rediyo ta uranium-238 wanda ya ƙare a cikin gubar-206. Uranium ya kasance tun lokacin da aka kafa Duniya, kuma isotope mafi yawanci yana da tsawon rabin rayuwa (shekaru biliyan 4.5), wanda shine lokacin da ake buƙata don rabin uranium ya rushe. Don haka, uranium da radon za su ci gaba da faruwa na miliyoyin shekaru a kusan irin wannan maida hankali kamar yadda suke yi yanzu.

Radon ne ke da alhakin mafi yawan bayyanar jama'a ga radiation. Sau da yawa shine mafi girman mai ba da gudummawa ga radiation na mutum, kuma shine mafi sauyawa daga wuri zuwa wuri. Radon gas daga tushen halitta na iya tarawa a cikin gine-gine, musamman a yankunan da aka kulle kamar attics da ginshiki. Hakanan ana iya samun sa a wasu ruwan bazara da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa.

Dangane da rahoton 2003 na EPA's Assessment of Risks from Radon in Homes daga Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka, shaidar annoba ta nuna kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin Ciwon daji na huhu da babban taro na radon, tare da mutuwar ciwon daji ta huhu ta 21,000 da radon ya haifar a Amurka a kowace shekara - na biyu kawai ga shan sigari. Don haka a yankunan ƙasa inda radon yake a cikin ƙaruwa, ana ɗaukar radon a matsayin mai gurɓata iska ta cikin gida.

## Abubuwan da suka faru

### Rukunin da aka tattara

Radon a cikin yanayi yawanci ana auna shi a cikin becquerels a kowace cubic mita (Bq / m3), wanda shine ɗayan da aka samo daga SI. A matsayin tsari na tunani, bayyanar cikin gida na yau da kullun kusan 100 Bq / m3 a cikin gida da 10-20 Bq / M3 a waje. A Amurka, ana auna yawan radon a cikin picocuries a kowace lita (pCi / L), tare da 1 pCi / L = 3 Bq / m3.&nbsp;

### Halitta

Radon da aka samu a cikin yanayi na halitta sun yi ƙasa sosai don a gano su ta hanyar sunadarai: alal misali,  Bq / m3 (mai girma) maida hankali ya dace da 0.17 picogram a kowace cubic mita. Matsakaicin maida hankali na radon a cikin yanayi shine kimanin 6 Dukan aikin radon na yanayin duniya a kowane lokaci shine saboda wasu gram din radon, ana maye gurbinsa akai-akai ta hanyar lalacewar radium da uranium. Maida hankali na iya bambanta sosai daga wuri zuwa wuri. A cikin iska mai budewa, yana daga 1 zuwa 100 Bq / m3, har ma da ƙasa (0.1 Bq / M3) sama da teku. A cikin koguna, ma'adanai masu iska, ko gidaje marasa iska, yawan su na iya hawa zuwa 20-2,000 Bq / m3.

A cikin yanayin hakar ma'adinai, yawan radon na iya zama mafi girma. Dokokin iska suna ƙoƙarin kula da maida hankali a cikin ma'adanai na uranium a ƙarƙashin "matakin aiki", kuma a ƙarƙashin 3 WL (546 pCi 222Rn kowace lita na iska; 20.2 kBq / m3 auna daga 1976 zuwa 1985) kashi 95 cikin dari na lokacin. Maida hankali a cikin iska a Gastein Healing Gallery yana da matsakaicin 43 kBq / m3 (kimanin 1.2 nCi / L) tare da mafi girman darajar 160 kBq - m3 (game da 4.3 nCi / l). 

Radon yana fitowa ne daga ƙasa da kuma wasu kayan gini a duk faɗin duniya, duk inda akwai alamun uranium ko Thorium, kuma musamman a yankuna da ke dauke da dutse ko shale, waɗanda ke da mafi girman uranium. A cikin kowane murabba'in mil 1 na ƙasa, inci 6 na farko (150  (na zurfin) ya ƙunshi kusan 0.035 oz na radium (0.4 g a kowace km2) wanda ke saki radon a cikin ƙananan adadi zuwa yanayi. Yankin da aka yi amfani da shi wajen yin siminti shine babban tushen radon a cikin gine-gine.

A sikelin duniya, an kiyasta cewa ana fitar da curies miliyan 2,400 (91 TBq) na radon daga ƙasa a kowace shekara. Ba duk yankunan dutse ba ne ke fuskantar hayaki mai yawa na radon. Da yake iskar gas ce mai daraja, yawanci tana ƙaura kyauta ta hanyar kurakurai da ƙasa mai raguwa, kuma tana iya tarawa a cikin koguna ko ruwa. Saboda karamin rabin rayuwa (kwana huɗu don 222Rn), maida hankali yana raguwa da sauri lokacin da nisan daga yankin samarwa ya karu.

Matsayinta na yanayi ya bambanta sosai dangane da lokacin da yanayin. Misali, an nuna cewa yana tarawa a cikin iska idan akwai juyawa na yanayi da ƙananan iska.

## Manazarta