Dutsen Grouse

**Dutsen Grouse** yana ɗaya daga cikin tsaunukan Tekun Arewa na Tekun Pacific a Gundumar Gundumar North Vancouver, British Columbia, Kanada . Yana da matsakaicin tsayin sama da 1,200&nbsp;m (4,100)&nbsp;A saman dutsen, wurin shakatawa ne na tsaunukan tsaunuka, Grouse Mountain Resort, wanda ke kallon Metro Vancouver kuma yana da lifts huɗu da ke kula da kujeru 33.

## Tarihi

### Yankin wasan kankara na asali
Dutsen Grouse ya samo sunansa ne daga grouse mai laushi wanda ake samu a ko'ina cikin dutsen. Dutsen yana kan yankunan gargajiya na mutanen Coast Salish. Masu tafiya a ƙasa na farko da ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba ne suka kai kololuwarsa a watan Oktoban 1894, an sanya wa dutsen suna bayan grouse mai laushi (shuɗi), tsuntsun farauta na yankin. 

Gidan masaukin Grouse Mountain na farko an gina shi da hannu ne ta hanyar mutanen Scandinavia a shekarun 1920. Sun ɗaga alluna a kan abin da zai zama hanyar hawan Grouse Grind don wannan aikin. Wani kamfani yana son gina layin dogo na kan hanya don wani wurin shakatawa na sirri a kan dutsen, kodayake wannan aikin bai taɓa faruwa ba. Zuwa shekarun 1930, an gina hanyar biyan kuɗi zuwa saman ta gangaren abin da yanzu shine babban wurin tseren kankara na dutsen, "Cut", don shiga masaukin.

Yankin da ke ƙasan "Cut" shine asalin dutsen, inda aka gina masaukin farko da jan igiya a yankin. Tunda an gina gidaje da dama a cikin bishiyoyin da ke kewaye da masaukin da kuma tushen tsohon ɗaga kujera, masu wasan tsalle-tsalle na gida sun san tushen a matsayin "Ƙauye". Waɗannan ɗakunan suna ƙarƙashin da kuma yammacin tsohon ɗaga kujera na Cut, inda har yanzu ana amfani da wasu daga cikinsu. Tsohon babbar hanyar Grouse Mountain, hanyar tsakuwa da aka gina don samar da damar shiga sansanin, har yanzu yana nan kuma a yau ana amfani da shi ne kawai don kula da yankin kankara.

A shekarar 1949, an gina lif ɗin kujera na farko da aka yi a dutsen, wanda hakan ya ba da damar yin tsalle-tsalle a kan dutse daga saman tudun. Grouse Mountain ta yi iƙirarin cewa wannan lif ɗin shine lif ɗin kujera na farko a duniya, duk da haka, a zahiri shine lif ɗin kujera na biyu a Vancouver bayan "Hollyburn" a Cypress Bowl da kuma na uku a Kanada bayan Red Mountain Resort ; kujera ta farko a duniya tana a Sun Valley a shekarar 1936.  Shekaru biyu bayan haka, a shekarar 1951, an buɗe wani lif mai tsayi, wanda ke gudana daga tashar bas a Skyline Drive, a ƙasan dutsen, wanda aka sani da Kujerar Ƙauye. Wannan lif ɗin kujera na kujeru biyu ya haɗa da hasumiyoyin katako (wasu daga cikin waɗannan hasumiyoyin da ƙafafun kebul na layin lif har yanzu ana iya ganin su a kan tafiya bayan layin lif ɗin Kujerar Ƙauye). Kowace kujera, na ɗan lokaci, an sanye ta da rufin ƙarfe don kiyaye masu tsalle-tsalle a kan dusar ƙanƙara a ranakun damina ko dusar ƙanƙara yayin hawa zuwa ƙasan tsohon lif ɗin Kujerar Cut.

#### Gidan zama na yanzu da wurin wasan ski
Bayan gobara ta lalata masaukin asali a lokacin hunturu na 1962, an cire lif ɗin farko guda biyu a shekarun 1970. Gwamnatin British Columbia, ganin damar yawon buɗe ido, ta samar da kuɗi da izini don gina sabon masauki a kan tudun, da kuma hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta sama da ke tafiya zuwa saman dutse daga kwarin da ke ƙasa. Kamfanin ƙarfe na Austria Voestalpine ne ya gina layin jirgin ƙasa, wanda aka sani da Blue Tram, kuma Firayim Minista WAC Bennett ya buɗe kuma ya buɗe a ranar 15 ga Disamba, 1966.

Shekaru goma bayan haka, iyalan McLaughlin sun sayi dutsen daga masu shi na asali a shekarar 1976. Sabuwar mallakar ta samar da ƙarin kuɗi don gina layin dogo na biyu na sama, wanda Garaventa ya gina, wanda aka sani da Red Tram ko Super Skyride, a wannan shekarar. Super Skyride, wanda ke amfani da manyan motocin tram waɗanda ke ɗauke da fasinjoji ƙasa da 100, yanzu shine babban jirgin ƙasa, yana isa wani babban tasha daban da ke ginin ɗan gajeren tafiya daga gidan. Tsohon Blue Tram yanzu ana amfani da shi ne don jigilar kayayyaki kai tsaye zuwa ginin gidan.

Kujerun Peak da Blueberry, waɗanda aka ƙirƙira a shekarun 1960 da farkon 1970, da kuma ƙarin Kujerun Inferno, waɗanda aka gina a 1976, an nuna su a sabon yankin wasan kankara. Iyalan McLaughlin sun mallaki dutsen kaɗan ne kawai har sai da suka sami cikakken mallaka a 1989. Daga nan suka faɗaɗa masaukin da ake da shi a yanzu don gina gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai inganci, wanda aka sani da Theatre in the Sky, a 1990.

Yayin da Kujerun Inferno, Blueberry da Peak suka fara tsufa a shekarun 2000, an cire dukkan lif ɗin guda uku saboda matsalolin inshora, farawa da Inferno a ƙarshen 2003 da kuma Blueberry da Peak a shekara mai zuwa. An maye gurbin dukkan ukun da kujerar quad ta biyu mai sauri da kuma cirewa ta Grouse Mountain wadda kamfanin lif ɗin sama na Arewacin Amurka Leitner-Poma ya gina don kakar hunturu ta 2005 (na farko shine Screaming Eagle on the Cut). An sanya wa kujerar suna Olympic Express don tunawa da nadin Vancouver kwanan nan ga Wasannin hunturu na 2010. Duk da cewa babu wani taron Olympics na hukuma na 2010 da aka gudanar a kan dutsen (an yi tseren dusar ƙanƙara da na kankara a yankin Cypress Mountain Ski Area 'yan kilomita kaɗan zuwa yamma), a lokacin Wasannin, NBC  ta watsa labaran wasannin kai tsaye daga Grouse Mountain.

A shekarar 2008, Grouse Mountain ta gina sabbin kujeru guda biyu masu kusurwa huɗu; ɗaya don maye gurbin igiyar da aka ja a ƙasan Paradise, ɗayan kuma don maye gurbin kujerar Peak da ta lalace, wadda aka rufe bayan an gina Olympic Express a shekarar 2004.

Kamfanin Northland Properties ya sayi wurin shakatawar a watan Janairun 2020 daga CM Asset Management, masu mallakar wurin shakatawar tun daga shekarar 2017. 

A shekarar 2023, dutsen ya fara gina wani sabon aikin gondola, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙirar ɗakin mutum 8 da ɗakunan kwana 27, don ƙara yawan ɗaukar kaya.  An buɗe Blue Grouse Gondola a ranar 12 ga Disamba, 2024. Wannan aikin yana ɗaya daga cikin uku da aka tsara don lokacin hunturu da bazara na 2024-25, sauran kuma sune wurin shakatawa na kekuna masu hawa da kuma wurin hawa dutse .  

## Yanayi
Dutsen Grouse yana da yanayi mai danshi na nahiyar ( Köppen climate type *Dfb* ), wanda ke kan iyaka da yanayin da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa (Köppen *Dfc* ).

Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine 2730mm. Lokacin kaka shine lokacin da ya fi danshi, tare da  sama da ke sauka a watan Nuwamba kawai. Lokacin sanyi yana da sanyi da kuma dusar ƙanƙara, tare da matsakaicin  na yawan dusar ƙanƙara da ke faɗuwa kowace shekara.

Lokacin sanyi ba sanyi ba ne bisa ga ƙa'idodin Kanada, saboda yadda Tekun Pacific ke daidaita dutsen. Duk da haka, saboda tsayinsa, hunturu ba shi da laushi kamar na Lower Mainland. A watan Disamba (wata mafi sanyi a kididdiga), Dutsen Grouse yana da matsakaicin tsayi da ƙasa na  da kuma  bi da bi. Wannan zagayowar daskarewa/narkewa na iya ba da damar yin ruwan sama mai yawa a wasu lokutan a kowace hunturu. Duk da haka, dusar ƙanƙara mai ƙarfi tana yawan faruwa a lokacin hunturu, wanda ke ba da damar yin dusar ƙanƙara mai zurfi, wanda ke dawwama a matsakaici daga tsakiyar Nuwamba zuwa farkon Mayu.

Lokacin rani yana da dumi kuma bushe ne. Agusta shine watan da ya fi zafi, tare da matsakaicin zafi da ƙarancin zafi na  da kuma  bi da bi.

## Idon Iska

Grouse Mountain ta gina wani bene mai lura da iska  a kan injinan iska mai ƙarfin megawatt 1.5 na Leitwind LTW77-1500 mai tsayin mita 65 da diamita na rotor mita 76.8 a kololuwar wurin shakatawa. Cibiyar, wacce ake sa ran za ta samar da kashi 25% na wutar lantarki a wurin shakatawa, ita ce injinan iska na farko da aka gina a Arewacin Amurka a wuri mai tsayi.  An amince da ƙirar a cikin "Kyaututtukan Injiniyan Shawara na 2011" na British Columbia. 

An fara gina injin turbin a watan Satumba na 2008 a matsayin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Grouse Mountain da Fasaha ta Leitwind ta Italiya.  An ƙaddamar da shi a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu, 2010, ta hannun Firayim Ministan Burtaniya Gordon Campbell kafin gasar Olympics ta hunturu ta 2010. An fara rangadin wurin a hukumance a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, 2010, kuma an haɗa injin turbin ɗin da tsarin watsawa na BC Hydro a ranar 22 ga Satumba, 2010.

Na'urar turbin tana da nauyin fiye da tan 250 kuma tana tashi mita 65 daga tushe zuwa saman hasumiyar.  Ruwan polyester mai ƙarfin fiberglass guda uku masu tsawon mita 37.4 suna share faɗin murabba'in mita 4,657. 

Aikin ya fuskanci matsaloli: takaddama da BC Hydro game da kayan aikin tsaro ba a warware ta ba har zuwa ƙarshen 2010, don haka aikin bai samar da wani amfani mai amfani ba har sai lokacin.  Ana iya ganin injin turbin a fili daga yawancin birnin Vancouver, kuma wasu ba su da tabbas game da tasirinsa a sararin samaniya.  Akwai kuma damuwa game da ruwan wukake masu motsi da sauri da ke kaiwa ga namun daji,  amma har zuwa 2015, ba a ga mutuwar tsuntsaye ko jemage ba. Gidauniyar injin turbin ta samar da gida ga pika na Amurka . 

An kuma yi tambayoyi game da ikirarin da Grouse Mountain Resorts ta yi game da ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki na masana'antar, wanda GMR ta kiyasta zai kai kashi 25% na buƙatun wurin shakatawa, ko kuma isasshen makamashi don samar da wutar lantarki ga gidaje 400. 

### Ski da snowboard

Yankin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara da dusar ƙanƙara, wanda ke kan gangaren kudancin dutsen, yana aiki a cikin watannin hunturu tsakanin Disamba da Mayu, kimanin. Ana iya isa gare shi ta hanyar ɗaukar tram daga tushe zuwa gidan chalet da masaukin dutse, yana da lif ɗin kujera guda huɗu (ƙwallon ƙafa biyu masu sauri, Screaming Eagle da Olympic Express; da kuma kujerun ƙafa biyu, Greenway da Peak Chairs) waɗanda ke sauƙaƙa gudu 33, rabinsu ana kunna su don yin tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara da dusar ƙanƙara.  

Mafi shaharar tseren da ake yi a kan dutsen shine Cut, ɗaya daga cikin tseren farko guda biyu, wanda ake iya gani cikin sauƙi daga yankin Vancouver. Yana tafiya tare da ɗaga kujera ta Screaming Eagle.  Gabashin Cut akwai tsere masu tsaka-tsaki da yawa, waɗanda ke kai masu tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara da masu hawa dusar ƙanƙara zuwa Olympic Express, wanda ke isa ga tseren da ya fi fice a gabashin dutsen, waɗanda yawancinsu suka samo asali ne daga  kololuwa.  Gabaɗaya, Dutsen Grouse yana da kore huɗu (masu farawa), shuɗi goma sha shida (matsakaici), lu'u-lu'u baƙi bakwai (na ci gaba) da kuma lu'u-lu'u biyu baƙi (ƙwararru) guda uku (ƙwararru).  Akwai kuma wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa guda uku masu salon 'freestyle' - waɗanda suka fara zuwa Rookie Terrain da Paradise Parks, da kuma wurin shakatawa na Gefen Cut Terrain Park na ƙwararru. Dangane da yanayin dusar ƙanƙara, akwai kuma wani wurin shakatawa na ƙasa ga ƙwararru da ake kira Layin Jump Line, wanda ke gefen hagu (gabas) na Cut.  A cikin 2022, an gina ja na hannu na musamman don yin hidima ga wurin shakatawa na Gefen Cut Terrain Park. 

Baya ga tsawon santimita 305 na dusar ƙanƙara ta halitta a kowace shekara, dutsen yana amfani da bindigogin dusar ƙanƙara guda 37, waɗanda suka mamaye kashi 75% na ƙasar kankara da kankara, don yin dusar ƙanƙara ta wucin gadi.  

## Ayyukan bazara

### Grouse Niƙa

Dutsen Grouse kuma wuri ne da aka fi sani da hanyar tafiya mai suna Grouse Grind.  Hanya ce mai tsayi wadda take hawa mita 853 (ƙafa 2800) daga ƙofar da kuma agogon da ke kusa da ƙasan hanyar zuwa "Grind Timer" a saman hanyar, nisan kilomita , tare da matsakaicin matsayi na 17° (31%) da gajerun sassan har zuwa 30° (58%). Jimillar matakan matakala 2,830 ne. Hanyar, wacce aka yi wa lakabi da " Mai Kula da Matakalar Mother Nature", ta shahara sosai saboda tsayinta da kuma yanayin tsaunuka. Masu yawon bude ido, waɗanda galibi suna kan hanyar, suna isa saman cikin kimanin mintuna 90 a matsakaici  kodayake wasu waɗanda suka dace sosai za su iya gamawa cikin ƙasa da mintuna 30. Ana rufe hanyar Grouse Grind ta Metro Vancouver kowace hunturu yawanci daga Nuwamba zuwa Afrilu ko Mayu, saboda yanayin ƙasa mai haɗari da yanayi, ta hanyar ƙofar ƙarfe da shingen tsaro.

Don McPherson da Phil Severy sun gina Grind a farkon shekarun 1980 a matsayin 'hanyar sanyaya yanayin hunturu ta mai hawan dutse', ba tare da izini daga Greater Vancouver Regional District (yanzu Metro Vancouver) ko masu Grouse Mountain Resort da ke kusa ba. McPherson ya kuma kula da sake gina Grouse Grind na farko da FMCBC ta dauki nauyin gudanarwa a farkon shekarun 1990, wanda Grouse Mountain Resort ya taimaka da shi. Tsakanin 2010 da 2015, sake gina mafi yawan Grind a matsayin matattakalar dutse da katako, tare da kula da hanyoyin tafiya na shekara-shekara, ya taimaka wajen tsawon lokacin rufewar yanayi na Metro Vancouver na tsawon watanni shida zuwa bakwai a lokacin hunturu da bazara. Ƙasar mallakar Greater Vancouver Water District (GVWD) reshe ne na Metro Vancouver, amma har zuwa ranar 1 ga Mayu, 2017, an sanya eka 185 a matsayin Metro Vancouver Regional Park.

Hawan da aka yi  mafi sauri  sun kasance:

(Bayanan da ba na hukuma ba suna kan hanyar Grind ne kawai, yayin da akwai ɗan ƙarin nisa zuwa layin ƙarshe na Grind Mountain Run; an tsara rikodin da ba na hukuma ba daidai amma a kan gajeren zango).

Grouse Grind babban ƙalubale ne da ake fuskanta musamman ga mazauna BC, amma kuma yana jan hankalin masu ƙalubale daga ko'ina cikin duniya.   

Wanda ke riƙe da rikodin mafi yawan niƙa a rana ɗaya shine Wilfrid Leblanc wanda ya kammala niƙa 19 a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 2019.  Masu riƙe da rikodin a baya sun haɗa da: Ian Robertson na Vancouver wanda ya kammala niƙa 17 a ranar 20 ga Yuni, 2017; Oliver Bibby na Vancouver wanda ya kammala niƙa 16 a ranar 7 ga Agusta, 2013;  George Sterling da niƙa 15 a ranar 5 ga Oktoba, 2011;  Sebastian Albrecht na Vancouver ya kammala niƙa sau 14 a ranar 29 ga Yuni, 2010,  kuma a baya (an raba shi da Vicki Mann) ya kammala niƙa 13 a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 2009.  

An mayar da farkon Grouse Grind a shekarar 2011 zuwa wani wuri a kan hanyar Baden-Powell kusa da ƙofar; a da ya fara ne a kan hanyar BP Trail mita 130 gabas da ƙofar (da agogon lokaci), kuma sabon wurin yana da mita 20 kacal a gabas. Masu tafiya a ƙasa da ke son amfani da layin farko har yanzu suna iya samun wurin farawa na asali kusa da hanyar BCMC.  Sau da yawa ba a yi la'akari da wahalar hanyar ba. Gundumar Fire and Rescue ta Arewa Vancouver tana gudanar da ceto da yawa kowace shekara na masu tafiya a ƙasa waɗanda suka faɗi a kan Grouse Grind, ko kuma suka fara da latti da yamma kuma ba su shirya neman hanyarsu a cikin duhu ba.  Sakamakon haka, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan an rufe ƙofar Grouse Grind ga baƙi mintuna 90 kafin faɗuwar rana kowace maraice.

Domin gujewa biyan kuɗin jirgin ƙasa, masu hawa dutse wani lokacin suma suna yawo a kan dutsen. Tunda hanyar BCMC ta fara kuma ta ƙare a wuri ɗaya da hanyar Grouse Grind; ana iya yin hakan ba tare da damun masu hawa sama a kan Grind ba. An haramta yin yawo a ƙasan Grouse Grind.

## Hotuna

Fayil:MountainZipline.jpg|alt=Mountain Zipline| Dutsen Zipline
Fayil:Copy_of_MG_6385.JPG|alt=Skyride in October| Hawan Sama a watan Oktoba
Fayil:Grouse_Mountain_skyride.jpg|alt=Closeup of the Skyride| Kusa da Skyride
Fayil:MG_6405.JPG|alt=Wood carving (October)| sassaka itace (Oktoba)
Fayil:Snow_tree.jpg|alt=Trees| Bishiyoyi
Fayil:Grouse_Mountain_Bear_Habitat.JPG|alt=Bear habitat| Wurin zama na bera
Fayil:Vancouver_from_Grouse_mountain.jpg|alt=Vancouver as seen from Grouse mountain| An gani daga dutsen Grouse a Vancouver
Fayil:Grouse_grind_steps.jpg|alt=The Grouse Grind Trail| Hanyar Grouse Grind
Fayil:Grouse_Mountain_Tram_Aerial.jpg|alt=View of Grouse Grind and North Vancouver from the tram| Ra'ayin Grouse Grind da Arewacin Vancouver daga tram
Fayil:Grouse_Mountain_lift_(44722422801).jpg|alt=Grouse Mountain lift| lif ɗin Grouse Mountain
Fayil:Grouse_Mountain_base_station_(29785974407).jpg|alt=Grouse Mountain base station| Tashar tushe ta Grouse Mountain
Fayil:Paragliding_on_Grouse_Mountain_(42913176550).jpg|alt=Paragliding on Grouse Mountain| Yin Paragliding a Dutsen Grouse
Fayil:Grizzly_bears_Grinder_and_Coola_Grouse_Mountain_(30852551688).jpg|alt=Grizzly bears Grinder and Coola, Grouse Mountain| Grizzly bears Grinder da Coola, Grouse Mountain
Fayil:Grouse_Mountain_view_Vancouver_(29787175317).jpg|alt=Grouse Mountain view from Vancouver| Duba Dutsen Grouse daga Vancouver
Fayil:Lumberjack_Show_at_Grouse_Mountain_(44722438251).jpg|alt=Lumberjack Show at Grouse Mountain| Nunin Lumberjack a Grouse Mountain
Fayil:Grouse_Mountain_Lumberjack_ax_throwing_competition_(42913154500).jpg|alt=Grouse Mountain Lumberjack ax throwing competition| Gasar jefa gatari ta Grouse Mountain Lumberjack
Fayil:Mount-Rainier-13December2025.jpg|alt=Mount Rainier in Seattle, WA seen from Grouse Mountain in Vancouver, BC on 13 December 2025 (Distance: 300 km (185 mile))| Dutsen Rainier da ke Seattle, WA da aka gani daga Dutsen Grouse da ke Vancouver, BC a ranar 13 ga Disamba, 2025 (Nisa: kilomita 300 (mil 185))


## Fina-finai a talabijin da kuma fim
Jirgin ƙasan da ke amfani da jirgin sama ya yi amfani da shi a matsayin babban wurin da za a yi amfani da shi a shirin *MacGyver* na shekarar 1989 mai suna "Case Fire", wanda aka tsara don Geneva, Switzerland.

Dutsen Grouse da titin jirgin ƙasa nasa sun tsaya cak a bikin almarar "Skyland Mountain" a Blue Ridge na Virginia, a cikin shirin " Ascension " na shekarar 1994 *na The X-Files* . Jarumi David Duchovny shi ma ya rataye kansa daga sama don wani abin da ya faru a cikin shirin.  

An yi amfani da masaukin kankara na Grouse Mountain da kayan aikin wajen ɗaukar fim ɗin zamani na shahararren zane mai ban dariya Mr. Magoo .

Mawakiya kuma marubuciyar waƙa 'yar ƙasar Kanada, Nelly Furtado, ta ɗauki bidiyon waƙarta mai suna " Spirit Indestructible " a kan Grouse Mountain. 

An yi amfani da Grouse Mountain wajen ɗaukar fim ɗin ƙarshe na tsakiyar kakar wasa ta uku na *Arrow*, "The Climb", wanda ya zama wurin da aka fafata tsakanin Oliver Queen da Ra's al Ghul .

An yi amfani da Grouse Mountain a matsayin wurin shakatawa na kankara mai ban mamaki "Summit Peaks" a cikin fim ɗin *American Pie Presents: The Book of Love* . 

## Manazarta