open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Bitrus Tuiasosopo

**Peter** " **Navy** " **Tuiasosopo** (Disamba 22, 1963  – Fabrairu 10, 2025) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Amurka kuma ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa . An san shi da rawar da ya taka a matsayin E. Honda a cikin *Street Fighter* (1994) da Manumana a cikin *Needful Roughness* (1991). Ya kuma taka rawar mai tsaron gida Yoshi Nakamura a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen Disney Channel *Kickin' It* .

Tuiasosopo ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa a matsayin cibiyar gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa (NFL) ga Los Angeles Rams . Ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta kwaleji a Utah State Aggies .

## Shekarun farko
An haifi Tuiasosopo kuma ya girma a San Pedro, Los Angeles, California, yana ɗaya daga cikin yara bakwai.  Mahaifinsa, Manavalofa Petelo, ya yi aiki a rundunar sojojin Amurka na tsawon shekaru 27 kuma ya yi aiki a Hukumar Wasikun Amurka, kuma mahaifiyarsa, Silaulala "Sheila" Lealoa Alofaituli, ma'aikaciyar jinya ce mai rijista . 

Tuiasosopo ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Taper Avenue da kuma makarantar sakandare ta San Pedro a San Pedro, California. Ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba/mai tsaron gida da kuma a ƙungiyar tseren gudu a matsayin mai jefa ƙwallo . Ya karɓi tallafin karatu daga Jami'ar Jihar Utah . 

## Sana'a

### Ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru
An sanya wa Tuiasosopo hannu a matsayin wakilin 'yanci ba tare da an ba shi izini ba daga St. Louis Cardinals bayan daftarin NFL na 1987. An yi watsi da shi a ranar 1 ga Agusta.  Bayan yajin aikin 'yan wasan NFL a mako na uku na kakar wasa ta 1987, an sanya masa hannu a cikin jerin 'yan wasan da za su maye gurbin Los Angeles Rams . Ya fara wasanni uku a tsakiya amma an sake shi bayan yajin aikin ya kare. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

Kawun Tuiasosopo shine Bob Apisa . 'Yan uwansa su ne Manu Tuiasosopo, John Tautolo da Terry Tautolo . Dan uwansa na biyu shine tsohon dan wasan NFL Marques Tuiasosopo .   'Yar sa 'yar Amurka ce mai jirgin ruwa Lanea Tuiasosopo.  

Tuiasosopo ya mutu sakamakon matsalolin zuciya a Phoenix, Arizona, a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, 2025, yana da shekaru 61. 

### MANAZARTA
Virginia Halas McCaskey

**Virginia Halas McCaskey** ( née **Virginia Marion Halas** ; Janairu 5, 1923 - Fabrairu 6, 2025) ta kasance babbar jami'ar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka wacce ita ce babbar mai mallakar Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL) daga 1983 har zuwa rasuwarta a 2025. Ita 'yar wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar George Halas ce kuma ta gaji mallakarta bayan rasuwarsa a 1983. A ƙarƙashin jagorancinta, ƙungiyar ta lashe gasar Super Bowl XX a 1986.

## Rayuwar farko
Ita ce babbar 'ya'ya ga wanda ya kafa Bears kuma mai shi George Halas da Minnie Bushing Halas.  Virginia ta halarci Jami'ar Drexel, tana da digiri a fannin gudanar da kasuwanci  da burin yin aiki a matsayin sakataren mahaifinta.  Ta kasance memba mai himma a cikin kungiyar Pi Sigma Gamma ta gida, Newman Club, Panhellenic Council, da kuma YWCA . 

Tunawa ta farko da ta yi game da halartar wasan Bears ita ce tana da shekaru biyu, tana tafiya tare da mahaifinta a wani rangadin barnstorming wanda Bears ke goyon bayan Red Grange .  Ta halarci wasanta na farko na NFL Championship, Wasan 1932 NFL Playoff Game, wasan NFL na farko na cikin gida, tana da shekaru 8.   kuma ta shaida nasarar Bears a Wasan 1940 NFL Championship Game . 

## Sana'a
A hukumance, ita ce sakatariyar ƙungiyar Bears, kuma memba ce a kwamitin gudanarwa na ƙungiyar.  Duk da haka, an ba ta ikon zaɓen hannun jarin 'ya'yanta da jikokinta da kuma nata. Tsakanin su, McCaskey da sauran magada Halas suna da kashi 80% na Bears.  Ƙungiyar tana hannun dangin Halas-McCaskey tun lokacin da George Halas ya sayi Decatur Staleys daga AE Staley kuma ya ƙaura da ƙungiyar zuwa Chicago a 1921, inda ya sake sanya wa ƙungiyar suna Bears a shekara mai zuwa. Iyali ɗaya ne ke mallakar Bears fiye da kowace iyali da ta mallaki ƙungiyar NFL. 

Da farko George Halas ya yi niyyar ƙanin Virginia George "Mugs" Halas Jr. ya gaji ƙungiyar, kuma ya miƙa masa shugabancin ƙungiyar a shekarar 1963. Duk da haka, Mugs ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani sakamakon bugun zuciya a shekarar 1979. Don haka, Virginia ce ta gaji Bears lokacin da mahaifinta ya mutu shekaru huɗu bayan haka.

## Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa
An san McCaskey da kasancewa "mai alfahari da sirri" dangane da ƙungiyar da mahaifinta ya gina, ba kasafai take tattauna batun kasuwanci na rayuwarta ba. Ta auri Ed McCaskey a shekarar 1943,  suna da 'ya'ya 11 da jikoki 21, jikoki 40, da kuma jikoki 4. McCaskey Katolika ce kuma ana ɗaukarta a matsayin "imani, iyali, da ƙwallon ƙafa" ba tare da rabuwa a rayuwarta ba.  

McCaskey ta cika shekaru 100 a ranar 5 ga Janairu, 2023.  Ta mutu a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 2025.  An binne ta kusa da mijinta a Makabartar All Saints da ke Des Plaines, Illinois.

### MANAZARTA
Dick Jauron

**Richard Manual Jauron** / / dʒə ˈrɒn / ;  Oktoba 7, 1950 A ranar 8 ga Fabrairu, 2025) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Amurka kuma mai horarwa a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa (NFL). Ya buga wasanni takwas a NFL a matsayin mai tsaron gida, biyar tare da Detroit Lions da uku tare da Cincinnati Bengals . Jauron ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin Chicago Bears daga 1999 zuwa 2003 da kuma Buffalo Bills daga 2006 zuwa Nuwamba 2009. Shi ne kuma babban kocin riƙo na Lions a wasanni biyar na ƙarshe na kakar 2005. An naɗa shi a matsayin Kocin AP na Shekara a 2001 bayan ya jagoranci Bears zuwa rikodin 13-3.

Jauron ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta kwaleji a ƙungiyar Yale Bulldogs . An shigar da shi cikin zauren shahararriyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta kwaleji a shekarar 2015.  An zaɓi Jauron a matsayin ɗan wasa na NFF a shekarar 1972.

An haifi Jauron a Peoria, Illinois . Ya halarci makarantar nahawu a Rensselaer, Indiana, kafin iyalinsa su koma Lynn, Massachusetts .  Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Swampscott a Swampscott, Massachusetts, kuma marubuci ne a fannin ƙwallon ƙafa, ƙwallon kwando, da wasan baseball . A fannin ƙwallon ƙafa, ya kasance ɗan wasan  All-American a matsayin ɗalibi na farko. An karrama shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa goma na makarantar sakandare ta Massachusetts ta *The Boston Globe* .  

### Kwaleji
A Jami'ar Yale, Jauron ya yi gudu na yadi 2,947 a cikin shekaru uku (masu fara wasa ba su cancanci shiga ƙungiyar varsity a shekarun 1970 ba) don Bulldogs, rikodin da ya tsaya har zuwa 2000, [1] kuma an sanya masa suna sau uku ga ƙungiyar farko ta All-Ivy League, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na farko na Yale da ya sami wannan girmamawa. Ba a karya tarihin makarantarsa na wasanni 16 a jere na gudu na yadi 100 ba sai a 2006. [2] An ba Jauron lambar yabo ta Nils V. "Swede" Nelson Award saboda ƙwarewar wasanni bayan kakarsa ta ƙarami [3] da kuma lambar yabo ta Bulger Lowe, wacce aka ba wa mafi kyawun ɗan wasan Division IA/I-AA a New England, bayan kakarsa ta ƙarshe. [4] Jauron ya yi rikodin mafi kyawun gudu, yadi 183, a cikin Wasan a kakarsa ta ƙarshe.

A Yale Jauron, an zaɓi 'yan wasa uku na All-Ivy First a lokacin da aka hana 'yan wasa na farko buga ƙwallon ƙafa na varsity, kuma an zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗan wasa na farko a ƙungiyar All America a lokacin babban shekararsa ta ƙarshe. Ya kuma lashe kyautar Asa S. Bushnell a shekarar 1972 a matsayin ɗan wasa na shekara na Ivy League a ƙwallon ƙafa. Shi ne kaɗai ɗan wasa da ya samu gurbi a Kwalejin Kwallon Kafa ta Shahararrun 'Yan wasa, ya lashe kyautar Asa S. Bushnell, sannan ya yi iƙirarin zama ɗan wasa na NFF Scholar Athlete.  A shekarar 1973, Jauron ya lashe kyautar William Neely Mallory Award, kyautar wasanni mafi daraja da aka bai wa wani babban ɗa a Yale. 

## Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa
Jauron da matarsa Gail suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu, Kacy da Amy. 

Jauron ya mutu sakamakon cutar kansa a ranar 8 ga Fabrairu, 2025, yana da shekaru 74. 

### MANAZARTA
Masu Tsaro na Malvern Hills

Kungiyar **Masu Rajin Malvern Hills** ƙungiya ce da ke da alhakin kula da kuma kula da tsaunukan Malvern da kuma wuraren zama na jama'a. An kafa su a shekarar 1884 kuma ana gudanar da su bisa ga dokoki biyar na Majalisar Dokoki .    Sun zama ƙungiyar agaji mai rijista a shekarar 1984  kuma tun daga watan Afrilun 2017 suna amfani da sunan aiki na **Malvern Hills Trust** .

## Memba
Masu kula da harkokin kiyaye muhalli ƙungiya ce ta membobi masu zaman kansu ashirin da tara, waɗanda ke haɗuwa a matsayin Hukumar sau huɗu a shekara; Kwamitocin Hukumar guda uku suna haɗuwa akai-akai kuma suna gudanar da mafi yawan harkokin yau da kullun. 

### zaɓaɓɓu
Ana zaɓen mambobi goma sha ɗaya kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin Dokokin Zaɓen Ƙananan Hukumomi (Manyan Yankuna) (Ingila da Wales) na 2006 ( SI 2006/3304 ) daga mazauna cocin farar hula waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga kuɗaɗen masu kiyaye muhalli ta hanyar karɓar haraji a cikin harajin majalisarsu (kamar yadda aka ɗaga wa majalisun coci). Garin Malvern da cocin West Malvern tare sun dawo da mambobi shida (ɗaya da kowace gunduma shida da aka kafa ta zaɓa), cocin Malvern Wells da Little Malvern tare sun zaɓi mamba ɗaya (sun ƙunshi gunduma ɗaya), cocin Colwall sun zaɓi mambobi biyu, kuma cocin Mathon da Guarlford kowannensu ya zaɓi mamba ɗaya.

### An naɗa
Bugu da ƙari, hukumomin yankin da ke kula da Malvern Hills ne ke naɗa mambobi goma sha biyu (takwas daga Majalisar Gundumar Malvern Hills, biyu daga Majalisar Herefordshire da biyu daga Majalisar Gundumar Worcestershire), majalisun coci na Colwall da Mathon kowannensu yana naɗa mamba, Majalisar Gundumar Worcestershire tana naɗa ƙarin mambobi a madadin parishes (ɗaya daga Powick, Newland da Castlemorton) kuma Kwamishinonin Coci suna naɗa mamba ɗaya.

Ana gudanar da dokokin kiyaye muhalli guda biyar a Majalisar Dokoki ta Tarayya:  ( 47 da 48 Vict. c. clxxv),  ( 9 Edita. 7. c. xxxvii),  ( 14 da 15 Geo. 5. c. xxxvi),  ( 20 &amp;amp; 21 Geo. 5. c. lxxii), da Dokar Malvern Hills ta 1995 (c. iii).   

A ƙarƙashin waɗannan dokokin, Malvern Hills Conservators suna da waɗannan ayyukan doka da aka ɗora musu:

* Don hana kutse
* Don kiyaye tuddai da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin wuraren shakatawa a buɗe
* Don kiyaye tsaunuka da wuraren zama na jama'a
* Domin kare haƙƙin talakawa na kiwon dabbobinsu a ƙasa. 

## Haɗin gwiwar AONB
Haɗin gwiwa na musamman na Yankin Malvern Hills na Kyau Mai Kyau (AONB) ƙungiya ce daban, kodayake ta haɗa da masu kiyaye muhalli kuma tana da hedikwata a Manor House da ke Great Malvern.

## Manazarta
Brian Murphy (mai wasan kwaikwayo)

**Brian Trevor John Murphy** (25 ga Satumba 1932 – 2 ga Fabrairu 2025) ɗan wasan barkwanci ne na Ingila. An fi saninsa da mijinta George Roper a cikin shahararren shirin sitcom *mai suna Man About the House* da kuma jerin shirye-shiryensa na baya-bayan nan *George da Mildred* . Ya kuma taka rawar Alvin Smedley a cikin *Last of the Summer Wine* . Sauran rawar da suka taka sun haɗa da Stan mai shagon a cikin jerin *wasannin* yara na shekarun 1990s, da kuma Maurice a cikin jerin wasannin barkwanci *na The Booze Cruise* .

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Murphy a Ventnor a tsibirin Wight, a ranar 25 ga Satumba, 1932.  Shi ɗan mataimakin mai sayar da kayan abinci ne Gerald Murphy da matarsa Mabel, waɗanda daga baya suka zama masu sayar da kayan abinci. &#x5B; ** &#x5D; 'Yan uwansa biyu Ken da Eric sun mutu a lokacin aikin soja a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu .  An kira shi don yin hidimar ƙasa a RAF Northwood, inda ya haɗu da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na *The Good Life* Richard Briers . Bayan barin RAF, 'yan wasan kwaikwayo biyu da ke neman aiki sun yi wasan kwaikwayo na ƙungiyar Dramatic Society a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Borough (wanda yanzu ita ce Jami'ar London South Bank ).

## Sana'a

### Farkon aikina
Murphy memba ne na Theatre Workshop (tare da tauraron talabijin na gaba Yootha Joyce ), kuma jarumi ne mai aiki tukuru a shekarun 1960 da farkon 1970, inda ya haɗa ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo da fitowar baƙi a shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar The Avengers, Z-Cars, Callan da Dixon na Dock Green, kafin a saka shi a cikin rawar da za ta sa ya zama sananne a duniya.

### ''Mutum Game da Gida'' da ''George da Mildred''
Murphy ya fara shahara a cikin shirin talabijin na ITV mai suna *Man About the House*,  wanda ya fito a matsayin George Roper, wanda matarsa, Mildred, wacce Yootha Joyce ta fito a matsayinta, ta kasance mai fafutukar hawa kan al'umma - wanda ya bambanta da halin George, wani mai gida mai kasala wanda sha'awarsa ta kasance mai sauƙi da natsuwa. Haɗuwar ta kasance abin burgewa nan take.  Wani abin da ya taimaka wa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo wajen fahimtar yanayin su shi ne cewa sun kasance abokai tsawon shekaru da yawa. Baya ga shekarun da suka yi a Theater Workshop, Murphy ya kuma fito a gaban Joyce a cikin *shirin Sparrows Can't Sing* (1963).

## Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa
Murphy ya auri jarumar *Hi-de-Hi!* Linda Regan .  Regan ita ce matarsa ta biyu kuma ma'auratan sun yi aure a shekarar 1995; suna zaune a Kent .  Murphy yana da 'ya'ya biyu, Trevor da Kevin, daga aurensa na baya da Carol Gibson. 

Jikansa Martin Murphy ne, marubuci, darakta, kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo, wanda rubuce-rubucensa na baya-bayan nan suka haɗa da *The Ghost of White Hart Lane* (2024), tare da *Midas* (2023) da *Jonny Feathers the Rock & Roll Pigeon* (2022) duka a Park Theatre . 

### MANAZARTA
Amincewa da Muhalli na Birane

**Trust for Urban Ecology** (TRUE) ƙungiya ce ta muhalli da ke Landan kuma tana cikin The Conservation Volunteers (wanda a da ake kira BTCV) tun daga watan Afrilun 2012. An kafa Trust for Urban Ecology a shekarar 1976 lokacin da masanin muhalli Max Nicholson da ƙungiyar masu ra'ayin iri ɗaya suka kafa wurin shakatawa na farko na muhalli a Birtaniya. 

## Tarihi
Max Nicholson, wanda ya kafa asusun, shi ma ya taka rawa wajen kafa Asusun Kula da Namun Daji na Duniya kuma ya zama Darakta Janar na 2 na Majalisar Kula da Namun Daji.

An ƙirƙiri wurin farko na amintaccen, wato William Curtis Ecological Park, a wurin da aka ajiye manyan motoci kusa da Tower Bridge na London. An yi niyyar William Curtis Ecological Park ya zama na ɗan lokaci, kuma a shekarar 1985 an mayar da ƙasar ga masu ita.  A wannan lokacin amintaccen ya riga ya ƙirƙiri sabbin wuraren shakatawa guda biyu na yanayi kuma daga baya zai sake mallakar wasu guda biyu.

## Shafukan yanar gizo na yanzu

* Filin Shakatawa na Muhalli na Stave Hill 
* Tafkin Lavender
* Wurin Shakatawa na Greenwich Peninsula 
* Katako na Sama na Dulwich

## Manufofi

* Don samar da sabuwar matsuguni ga namun daji na birane
* Domin baiwa masana kimiyyar muhalli damar gano ƙarin bayani game da yanayin ilimin halittu na birane
* Don bai wa mazauna birnin damar jin daɗin yanayi da kuma koyo ta hanyar amfani da fasaha
* Don nuna muhimmancin kiyayewa ta kirkire-kirkire - wata hanyar muhalli don ƙirƙirar sabbin wurare
* Don samar da misalai na mafi kyawun ayyuka da mahimman wuraren nunawa

## Sauran ayyuka

* Amincewar tana ba da ayyukan ƙira muhalli, ƙirƙira da gudanarwa
* Tsarin aikin sa kai da kuma sanya aiki
* Horar da dabarun muhalli
* Ayyukan gina ƙungiya ta kamfanoni

## Manazarta
Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci, Makamashi da Dabarun Masana'antu

**Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci, Makamashi, da Dabaru na Masana'antu** ( **BEIS**)  sashe ne na ministoci na Gwamnatin Burtaniya, daga Yuli 2016 zuwa Fabrairu 2023.

An kafa sashen ne a lokacin wani tsarin sauye-sauye na gwamnati a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2016, bayan nadin Theresa May a matsayin Firayim Minista . An kafa shi ne ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci, Kirkire-kirkire, da Ƙwarewa da Ma'aikatar Makamashi da Sauyin Yanayi.

A ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, 2023, a ƙarƙashin shugabancin Rishi Sunak, an rushe sashen. An raba ayyukansa zuwa sabbin sassa uku: Sashen Kasuwanci da Ciniki, Sashen Tsaron Makamashi da kuma Sifili Mai Tsafta, da kuma Sashen Kimiyya, Ƙirƙira, da Fasaha . Grant Shapps, sakataren gwamnati na ƙarshe na tsohuwar ma'aikatar, ya zama Sakataren Gwamnati na Tsaron Makamashi na farko da Sifili Mai Tsafta.

## Manazarta
Michelle Trachtenberg

**Michelle Christine Trachtenberg** (11 ga Oktoba, 1985 - 26 ga Fabrairu, 2025) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Amurka. Bayan ta fara aikinta a tallace-tallace tana da shekaru uku, ta fara fitowa a talabijin a matsayinta na farko a cikin shirin Nickelodeon mai suna *The Adventures of Pete &amp;amp; Pete* (1994–1996) da kuma fim ɗinta na farko a cikin barkwancin 1996  . Tun tana ƙarama 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, Trachtenberg ta fito a cikin shirye-shiryen Nickelodeon da dama. A shekarar 1997, ta lashe lambar yabo ta Young Artist Award saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin sitcom na CBS *mai suna Meego* . Ta kuma taka rawar Penny Brown a cikin fim ɗin bajinta na Disney na 1999 *mai suna Inspector Gadget* . 

Trachtenberg ta sami nasara a shirin wasan kwaikwayo na almara Buffy the Vampire Slayer (2000–2003) a matsayin Dawn Summers, ƙanwar Buffy, wanda ta lashe wani kyautar Young Artist Award kuma ta sami zaɓen Saturn Award sau uku. An kuma zaɓe ta don kyautar Daytime Emmy Award saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin mai masaukin baki na shirin Discovery Kids Truth or Scare (2001–2003). A ƙarshen shekarunta na matasa da farkon shekarunta na 20, Trachtenberg ta yi fice a fim ɗin EuroTrip (2004) da kuma Georgina Sparks a cikin shirin CW Gossip Girl (2008–2012). A tsakiyar shekarun 2000, ta kuma yi rawar gani a fim ɗin Ice Princess (2005) da kuma rawar da ta taka a fina-finan Mysterious Skin (2004) da Black Christmas (2006). Ta kuma yi rawar gani a fim ɗin 17 Again da kuma shirin NBC Mercy (2009–2010).

A shekarun 2010, Trachtenberg ta fito a fina-finan talabijin da dama, ciki har da *Killing Kennedy* (2013) da *Sister Cities* (2015), da kuma fim ɗin almara na kimiyya *The Scribbler* (2014). Ta bayar da muryar Judy a cikin shirin Facebook Watch mai rairayi na manya mai *suna Human Kind Of* (2018) kuma jami'in zartarwa ya samar da shirin wasan kwaikwayo na matasa mai suna *Guidance* (2015–2017) da kuma shirin Tubi mai suna *Meet, Marry, Murder* (2021). A cikin shekarunta na ƙarshe, Trachtenberg ta yi fama da matsalolin lafiya, amma ta ci gaba da yin wasan kwaikwayo kafin mutuwarta a shekarar 2025 tana da shekaru 39.

An haifi Trachtenberg a Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn, inda ta yi makarantar sakandare a Kwalejin Bay Academy for the Arts and Sciences .  Daga baya iyalanta suka koma Los Angeles, inda ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Notre Dame da ke Sherman Oaks .   Ta ce a wata hira da ta yi da kuma a shafukan sada zumunta cewa an yi mata cin zarafi a makaranta.    Ta kasance wakiliyar matasa a lokacin ƙaddamar da wani kamfen na yaƙi da miyagun ƙwayoyi tare da Shugaba Bill Clinton . 

### 1988–2005: Farkon aiki da ''Buffy the Vampire Slayer''

#### MANAZARTA
Chris Jasper

**Christopher Howard Jasper** (Disamba 30, 1951 - Fabrairu 23, 2025) mawaki ne, mawaƙi kuma furodusa ɗan Amurka. Jasper memba ne na Isley Brothers daga 1973 zuwa 1983, da Isley-Jasper-Isley daga 1984 zuwa 1987. Ya kuma kasance mawaƙi mai nasara kuma mai shirya rikodin, yana rikodin kundin waƙoƙi sama da 17 na kansa, gami da kundin waƙoƙin bishara na zamani guda huɗu na birni, waɗanda Jasper ya rubuta, ya shirya kuma ya yi, duka ta hanyar murya da kayan kida.

Ya kuma samar da mawaka don kamfanin rikodin sa na birnin New York, Gold City Records. Aikin kidan Jasper da kuma aikin sinadari na Moog su ne babban gudunmawar da ya bayar ga wakokin Isley Brothers na shekarun 1970 da 1980 lokacin da Isley Brothers ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta.

## Rayuwar farko da aiki
An haifi Jasper a ranar 30 ga Disamba, 1951.  Ya kasance mawaƙi kuma mawaƙi mai horo a fannin gargajiya. Auta daga cikin 'yan'uwa bakwai, ya fara karatun kiɗan gargajiya yana ɗan shekara bakwai bisa shawarar mahaifiyarsa, Elizabeth. Bayan kammala karatun sakandare a Cincinnati, ya koma New York don yin karatun waƙa a Makarantar Kiɗa ta Juilliard da ke birnin New York. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa a CW Post, Jami'ar Long Island, New York, inda ya yi karatu tare da mai buga piano na jazz kuma mawaƙi Billy Taylor kuma ya sami digirin farko na Fasaha a fannin haɗa kiɗa. Daga baya ya kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Concord.

Iyalan Jasper da Isley suna zaune a cikin gida ɗaya a Cincinnati. Yayin da suke zaune a Cincinnati, babbar 'yar'uwar Jasper, Elaine, ta auri Rudolph Isley. 'Yan wasansa uku waɗanda manyan 'yan'uwansa uku suka kafa, Rudolph, Ronald da O'Kelly, daga baya suka ƙaura zuwa Teaneck, New Jersey . Yayin da suke zaune a Teaneck tun suna ƙarama kuma suna halartar Makarantar Sakandare ta Teaneck, Jasper da ƙananan Isleys biyu, Marvin da Ernie, sun kafa ƙungiyar mawaƙa, "The Jazzman Trio" tare da Jasper a kan maɓallan rubutu, Ernie a kan ganguna, da Marvin a kan bass. 

## Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa
Jasper ya zauna a birnin New York tare da matarsa da suka yi shekaru 42 tare, Margie Jasper, wata lauya kuma marubuciya da ke zaune a birnin New York. 

Jasper ya mutu a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, 2025, watanni biyu bayan an gano yana da cutar kansa. Yana da shekaru 73.  

### MANAZARTA
Floodline

**Layin Ruwa** sabis ne na gargaɗi da bayanai game da ambaliyar ruwa da ake amfani da shi a Burtaniya don bayar da faɗakarwa da gargaɗi ga jama'a, ƙungiyoyin gaggawa da 'yan kasuwa. Tsarin yana amfani da bayanai da aka lura daga ma'aunin ruwan sama, kogi da bakin teku, tare da hasashen yanayi don yin hasashen yiwuwar ambaliyar ruwa daidai da lokacin da ya faru. Lokacin da aka yi hasashen ambaliyar ruwa a cikin wani yanki, ana bayar da saƙo ta hanyar sabis na Layin Ruwa.  Hukumar Muhalli a Ingila, Albarkatun Ƙasa Wales, da Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Scotland ne ke gudanar da shi.

## Saƙonni
Akwai saƙonni daban-daban da Floodline ke bayarwa dangane da yanayin da ake ciki:

* **SANARWA TA AMBALIYA** : Ambaliyar ruwa tana yiwuwa, ku kasance cikin shiri. Hukumar Muhalli tana ƙoƙarin fitar da wannan saƙon har zuwa awanni 24 kafin a yi tsammanin ambaliyar ruwa a koguna da kuma bakin teku, amma lokacin gargaɗi na iya zama ƙasa da awanni 2. Ana sa ran ambaliyar ruwa a ƙasa mai faɗi. Sanarwar Ambaliyar ruwa saƙonni ne na gargaɗi da wuri game da yiwuwar ambaliyar ruwa. Suna ƙarfafa ku ku kasance cikin shiri da kuma taka tsantsan kuma suna ba wa mutane lokaci don yin shiri da wuri don yiwuwar ambaliyar ruwa. Ana ba da sanarwar Ambaliyar ruwa ga yankunan da ke wakiltar yanki, galibi suna daidai da iyakokin Hukumar Ƙananan Hukumomi. Yawanci suna aiki daga ƙarfe 9 na safe zuwa 5 na yamma, kwana 7 a mako. A cikin yanayi na musamman, ana iya bayar da sanarwar bayan waɗannan lokutan.
* **GARGADI AMBALIYA** : Ana sa ran ambaliyar ruwa za ta faru, ana buƙatar ɗaukar mataki nan take. Manufar bayar da waɗannan shine awanni 3-6 kafin ambaliyar ruwa da ake tsammani. Wataƙila ba zai yiwu a ba da sanarwar awanni 3 a yankunan da ambaliyar ruwa ta fi kamari ba ko kuma lokacin da matakin ruwa ya ƙaru da sauri fiye da yadda ake tsammani. Ambaliyar ruwa na gab da faruwa. Ana buƙatar ɗaukar mataki nan take, ɗauki matakai don kare kanka da kadarorinka. Ana ba da su awanni 24 a rana.
* **GARGAƊI GAME DA AMBALIYA MAI TSANANIN MATSI** : Ambaliyar ruwa mai tsanani, haɗari ga rayuwa. Ana bayar da waɗannan a duk lokacin da ambaliyar ruwa mai tsanani za ta iya haifar da babban haɗari ga rayuwa, lalata kadarori ko al'ummomin yankin. Ambaliyar ruwa tana gab da faruwa kuma tana iya haifar da haɗari ga rayuwa da kuma kawo cikas ga muhimman ayyuka, kamar ruwa da wutar lantarki. Ku shirya don ƙaura da kuma haɗin gwiwa da hukumomin gaggawa. Ana bayar da waɗannan awanni 24 a rana.
* **BA A SAƘONNIN KARFI BA** : Ana bayar da waɗannan ne don sanar da ku lokacin da gargaɗi da faɗakarwa ba su da aiki. Ba a tsammanin sake ambaliya a yankinku a yanzu. Ruwan ambaliya yana iya kasancewa a wurin amma kuna iya fara aikin tsaftacewa. Awanni 24 a rana.

## Manazarta
Kyautar Aga Khan don Gine-gine

Fayil:TerrasseSiBouSaid.JPG|alt=Conservation of Sidi Bou Saïd, Tunis| Kiyaye Sidi Bou Saïd, Tunis
Fayil:Agra_Sheraton_Pool.JPG|alt=Mughal Sheraton Hotel, Agra| Otal ɗin Mughal Sheraton, Agra
**Kyautar Aga Khan don Gine-gine** ( **AKAA** ) kyauta ce ta gine-gine da Aga Khan IV ta kafa a shekarar 1977. Tana da nufin gano da kuma ba da lada ga ra'ayoyin gine-gine waɗanda suka yi nasarar magance buƙatu da burin al'ummomin Musulmi a fannonin ƙira na zamani, gidaje na zamantakewa, ci gaban al'umma da haɓakawa, gyarawa, sake amfani da su da kiyaye yanki, da kuma ƙirar shimfidar wuri da inganta muhalli . 

## Kyauta
Ana gabatar da kyautar Aga Khan don Gine-gine a cikin zagaye uku na shekaru kuma tana da kyautar kuɗi da ta kai dala miliyan 1 na Amurka wanda ayyuka da yawa da suka yi nasara ke rabawa.  Tana girmama ayyuka, ƙungiyoyi, da masu ruwa da tsaki ban da gine-gine da mutane. 

## Tarihi
An kafa kyautar Aga Khan don Gine-gine ta hannun Aga Khan na IV (Yarima Karim al-Husseini) a shekarar 1977.  A lokacin, kyaututtukan gine-gine kaɗan ne suka rage a faɗin duniya.  An lura cewa kyautar ta samo asali ne daga "baƙin cikin da Aga Khan ya yi game da yanayin gine-gine a duniyar Musulunci ta shekarun 1970",  da kuma yadda ya fahimci muhimmancin da muhallin da aka gina yake da shi wajen tsara rayuwar al'umma. 

Shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, bayan ya gaji kujerar Imama ta Musulman Shi'a Ismaili, Aga Khan ya zama mai alhakin kula da walwalar al'ummar Ismaili, waɗanda galibi ke zaune a ƙasashe masu tasowa na Asiya, Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya . [1] Ya damu da rashin tunanin ƙira da zai iya magance takamaiman ƙalubale a waɗannan sassan duniya.

### Na huɗu (1987–1989)
An gudanar da bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na shekarar 1989 a Citadel of Salah Ed-Din da ke Alkahira. Zagaye na huɗu na kyautar ya yi la'akari da zaɓen ayyuka 241. Daga cikin waɗannan, an zaɓi 32 don yin bita na fasaha  kuma Babban Jury ya zaɓi waɗanda suka yi nasara 11. An lura da jigogi biyu a matsayin fannoni da aka fi mayar da hankali a kansu a wannan zagaye: Farfaɗo da al'adun gargajiya na baya, da ayyukan da ke nuna ƙoƙarin masu biyan kuɗi da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu wajen inganta al'umma.
### MANAZARTA
David Boren

**David Lyle Boren** (21 ga Afrilu, 1941 - 20 ga Fabrairu, 2025) lauya ne kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka daga Oklahoma . Ɗan jam'iyyar Democrat ne, ya yi aiki a matsayin gwamna na 21 na Oklahoma daga 1975 zuwa 1979 da kuma wa'adi uku a Majalisar Dattawan Amurka daga 1979 zuwa 1994. Dan jam'iyyar Democrat mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, har zuwa yau, shi ne na ƙarshe a cikin jam'iyyarsa da ya yi aiki a matsayin Sanatan Amurka daga Oklahoma. Shi ne shugaban Jami'ar Oklahoma na 13 kuma na biyu mafi daɗewa a jere daga 1994 zuwa 2018. Shi ne shugaban Kwamitin Zaɓen Majalisar Dattawa kan Leƙen Asiri . A ranar 20 ga Satumba, 2017, Boren ya sanar da yin ritayarsa a hukumance a matsayin shugaban Jami'ar Oklahoma, wanda ya fara aiki a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 2018.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Boren a Washington, DC, a ranar 21 ga Afrilu, 1941, ga Christine (née McKown) da kuma tsohuwar wakiliyar Amurka Lyle Hagler Boren . Ya halarci makarantun gwamnati a Seminole, Oklahoma da Bethesda, Maryland.  Daga baya ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1963 daga Jami'ar Yale, inda ya yi digiri a tarihin Amurka, ya kammala karatunsa a cikin mafi girman kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari na ajinsa kuma aka zaɓe shi zuwa Phi Beta Kappa .  Ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Conservative ta Yale, Cannon da Castle ROTC Honor Society, an zaɓe shi shugaban ƙungiyar siyasa ta Yale kuma memba ne na Skull and Bones .   An zaɓe shi a matsayin Rhodes Scholar kuma ya sami digiri na biyu a Falsafa, Siyasa, da Tattalin Arziki daga Jami'ar Oxford (1965). A shekarar 1968, ya sami digiri na JD daga Kwalejin Shari'a ta Jami'ar Oklahoma . 

## Majalisar Wakilai ta Oklahoma
A shekarar 1966, Boren ya kayar da abokin takararsa na jam'iyyar Democrat William C. Wantland a zaben fidda gwani da kuma Clifford Conn Jr. a babban zaben don lashe kujera a Majalisar Wakilai ta Oklahoma .  Ya yi wa'adi hudu, daga 1967 zuwa 1974. 

A lokacin da yake aiki a Majalisar, Boren memba ne na kwamitin da ya binciki Jami'ar Oklahoma bayan da makarantar ta ba wa bakar fata mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a Paul Boutelle, wani mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a kuma mai adawa da Yaƙin Vietnam, damar yin jawabi a can. [ an buƙata ambato ] A lokacin da yake Majalisar Wakilai, Boren shi ma farfesa ne a Jami'ar Baptist ta Oklahoma .

## Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa
Boren ya yi aure sau biyu. Aurensa na farko da Janna Little, 'yar Reuel Little, ya faru ne jim kaɗan bayan kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1968. Sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu, kuma sun sake a shekarar 1976. Ya auri Alkali Molly Shi, Alkalin Gundumar Musamman ta Pontotoc County a ranar 27 ga Nuwamba, 1977. Wannan shine karo na farko da wani Gwamna a Oklahoma ya yi aure yayin da yake kan mulki. Shi 'yar asalin Ada, Oklahoma ce kuma ɗalibiyar Jami'ar East Central da Jami'ar Oklahoma, inda ta sami digirinta na shari'a. Ta kasance lauya a fannin aiki na sirri tsawon shekaru biyu kafin a naɗa ta alkali. 

### MANAZARTA
Ned McHenry

**Ned McHenry** tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na Australiya wanda ya buga wa Adelaide Crows a gasar kwallon kafa ta Australiya (AFL). Adelaide Crows ne suka dauke shi tare da zabin 16 a cikin shirin AFL na 2018.

## Kwallon ƙafa na farko
McHenry ya buga wa Geelong Falcons, sannan daga baya ya buga wa Vic Country a gasar zakarun kasa da shekaru 18 ta AFL.

## Ayyukan AFL
McHenry ya buga wasanni 10 a cikin SANFL a cikin 2019, inda ya kai matsakaicin 18.4. Ya yi wasan da ya fi dacewa a shekara a kan Norwood a wasan kusa da na karshe, inda ya zira kwallaye 4, ya yi 17 disposals, ya dauki alamomi 4 kuma ya sanya 5 tackles.[undefined] Duk da wannan, bai iya shiga cikin babban bangare ba har zuwa 2020. McHenry ya fara buga wasan farko a zagaye na 2 na kakar AFL ta 2020, a kan Port Adelaide Power.[2] A wasansa na farko, ya ɗauki 12 disposals kuma ya kori biyu a baya.[1]

McHenry ya nuna alamun ci gaba a wasan da ya gabata a watan Fabrairun 2024,  amma bayan wasanni 10 kawai a kakar 2024, kulob din ya cire McHenry. Da yake sanye da lamba 25, McHenry ya buga wasanni 70 kuma ya zira kwallaye 32 ga kulob din a cikin shekaru biyar da ya yi wasa a matakin AFL.

## Ayyukan bayan AFL
Bayan ya fice daga Adelaide Crows a 2024, McHenry ya zama kocin wasan kwallon kafa na Prince Alfred Old Collegians. Haɗin McHenry a kan kwamitin horar da kulob din kwallon kafa na gida zai zama tsohon abokin wasan Crows Taylor Walker.

## Manazarta
Refracktion

**Refracktion** ƙungiya ce ta Burtaniya da ke da alaƙa da tasirin da fracturing na hydraulic (fracting) ke yi wa muhalli a gabar tekun Fylde na Lancashire, Ingila. Sun yi imanin cewa fracking zai yi mummunan tasiri ga muhallin yankin da kuma darajarsa ta jin daɗi.

Refracktion ta tura kamfanin fracking Cuadrilla Resources zuwa ga Hukumar Kula da Ka'idojin Talla kan wata ƙasida da kamfanin ya buga wacce ta yi iƙirarin cewa fracking yana da aminci. Shida daga cikin 18&nbsp;an amince da takamaiman koke-koke, duk da haka, an ɗauki sassa 11 daga cikin 18 masu rikitarwa a matsayin abin karɓa.    

## Duba kuma

* Tasirin muhalli na karyewar ruwa
* Karyewar ruwa a Burtaniya

## Manazarta
Kenneth McIntyre

**Kenneth Gordon McIntyre** OBE, ComIH (22 ga watan Agustan 1910 - 20 ga watan Mayu 2004) lauya ne kuma masanin tarihi na Australiya.

## Ayyuka
An haifi McIntyre a Geelong a 1910 kuma ta kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Geelong a matsayin Dux na Makarantar a 1926. Ya ci gaba da karatun Arts da Law a Melbourne" id="mwFg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="University of Melbourne">Jami'ar Melbourne kuma a kan kammala karatunsa ya koyar a Jami'a daga 1931 zuwa 1945. A shekara ta 1945 ya bar matsayinsa na koyarwa kuma ya fara aiki a matsayin lauya a Box Hill, Melbourne kuma ya tsaya a matsayin magajin gari. Ya lashe zaben kuma ya yi sha'awar musamman ga hadin gwiwar gidaje. Don aikinsa a matsayin Magajin garin Box Hill an nada shi Jami'in Order of the British Empire a cikin 1962 New Year's Day Honours.

Bayan ya yi ritaya daga mukamin gwamnati a 1956, McIntyre ya koma sha'awar tarihin Portuguese kuma ya fara babban aikinsa a farkon binciken Portuguese na Australia. Bayan an buga shi a shekarar 1977, The Secret Discovery of Australia, wanda ya farfado kuma ya fadada kan ra'ayoyin da suka gabata game da yiwuwar binciken Portuguese da taswirar Australia a karni na sha shida, da sauri ya zama sananne da jayayya. Gwamnatin Portugal ta ba McIntyre lambar yabo ta *Kwamandan Order of Prince Henry the Navigator* a 1983 saboda aikinsa na bincike da yada binciken Portuguese. Bayan mutuwarsa a shekara ta 2004, dangin McIntyre sun ba da gudummawar takardu da takardu, waɗanda suka shafi tafiye-tafiye na Portuguese da taswirar farko na yammacin Pacific, zuwa tarin rubuce-rubuce a National Library of Australia.

Sha'awar McIntyre a cikin lissafi ya kai shi ga haɓaka tsarin lissafi don gudanar da wasan karshe a cikin abin da aka sani da Victorian Football League (VFL).[1] algorithm na ƙungiyoyi huɗu da McIntyre ya haɓaka ya ƙayyade waɗanne ƙungiyoyi za su yi gasa a babban wasan karshe. An san shi da farko kuma a duniya a matsayin tsarin Page playoff, kodayake kuma a cikin gida a matsayin tsarin Página-McIntyre, an fara aiwatar da shi a cikin kakar VFL ta 1931 kuma ya kasance ana amfani dashi sosai a wasanni. McIntyre daga baya ya ci gaba da tsarin karshe, dukansu suna ɗauke da sunansa a matsayin Tsarin McIntyre: Tsarin McIntyre na karshe biyar, wanda aka fara amfani da shi a 1972, kuma ya kasance ana amfani dashi sosai a duk faɗin Australia don wasannin karshe na ƙungiyoyi biyar; an fara amfani da tsarin McIntire na karshe na shida a 1991; kuma an fara amfani dashi a cikin 1994, kuma ta National Rugby League a kwanan nan kamar 2011.

## Manazarta
Kim Sae-ron

**Kim Sae-ron** ( Korean  ; 31 ga Yulin shekarar 2000 – 16 ga Fabrairu, 2025) jarumar Koriya ta Kudu ce. Kim ta fara aikinta a shekarar 2001 a matsayin yarinya mai ƙirar mota kuma ta koma yin wasan kwaikwayo a shekarar 2009 da fim ɗin *A Brand New Life* (2009). Ta sami karramawa ta hanyar *The Man from Nowhere* (2010), inda ta sami lambar yabo ta Baeksang Arts Awards don Mafi Kyawun Sabbin 'Yan Wasan Kwaikwayo. Daga baya ta fito a cikin shirin talabijin na *Listen to My Heart* (2011), *The Queen's Classroom* (2013), da *Hi!* *School: Love On* (2014), tare da fim ɗin *A Girl at My Door* (2014). Matsayinta na farko na babban mutum shine a cikin jerin *Secret Healer* (2016).

Tsawon shekaru, Kim ta yi suna a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin jaruman mata matasa masu kwarjini a Koriya ta Kudu.  Duk da haka, a shekarar 2022, aikinta ya yi ƙarfi bayan wani lamari na tukin mota da ya faru a cikin maye, wanda ya haifar da suka ga jama'a da kuma sakamakon shari'a. Ta bar shirin *Trolley* (2023) kuma an sake shirya ta a wani ɓangare na wasan kwaikwayo *na Bloodhounds* (2023), tare da sake duba labarin.

An gano Kim a mace a gidanta da ke Seoul, Koriya ta Kudu, a ranar 16 ga Fabrairu, 2025, tana da shekaru 24. An yanke hukuncin cewa mutuwarta ta kashe kanta ne.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Kim Sae-ron a Seoul a ranar 31 ga Yuli, 2000.  Kim tana da ƙannenta mata biyu,  da , waɗanda kuma jarumai ne.   Ta halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Miyang da ke Seoul,  kuma ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Tsakiya ta Yang-il da ke Ilsan a watan Fabrairun 2016. Daga nan ta fara zuwa Makarantar Fasaha ta Seoul .  A shekarar 2018, an shigar da Kim a Sashen Fasaha da Nazarin Fina-finai na Jami'ar Chung-Ang . 

## Sana'a

### 2001–2014: Farkon fim ɗin a matsayin abin koyi ga yara da kuma sauyi zuwa wasan kwaikwayo
Kim ta fara aikinta a shekarar 2001, inda ta fara fitowa a matsayin abin koyi a mujallar iyaye a matsayinta na yarinya.  

Fim ɗin Kim na farko da ta fara fitowa a matsayin jarumi shi ne fim ɗin *A Brand New Life* na shekarar 2009, wanda mai shirya fina-finan Faransa da Koriya ta Kudu Ounie Lecomte ya jagoranta, kuma bisa ga rayuwarta, Kim ta fito a matsayin babbar jaruma, wata yarinya 'yar shekara tara mai suna Jin-hee, wacce mahaifinta ya yi watsi da ita a gidan marayu bayan ya sake yin aure, kuma daga baya wasu ma'aurata 'yan Faransa suka ɗauke ta a matsayin mai riƙe da ita. Kim ta halarci bikin fina-finai na Cannes lokacin da aka nuna fim ɗin a wurin a wani shiri na musamman, inda ta zama ƙaramar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo da aka gayyace ta zuwa bikin.   

#### MANAZARTA
Jim McColl (mai wasan ƙwallon ƙafa)

**James Carvel McColl**, AO (17 Yuni 1933 - 5 Oktoba 2013) ya kasance fitaccen mai ba da gudummawa ga masana'antun noma da albarkatun Australiya kuma ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Australiya wanda ya yi wasa tare da Essendon a cikin Victoria Football League (VFL).

## Iyali
An haifi James Carvel McColl a Carlton, Victoria a 1933, na biyu cikin 'ya'ya uku na Norman da Christina McColl. Ya halarci Essendon Grammar kafin ya zama mai shiga a Kwalejin Geelong, ya yi fice a wasanni da yawa. Ya kammala karatu a fannin kimiyyar noma a Jami'ar Melbourne a 1956 kafin ya shiga Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Victoria.

## Kwallon ƙafa
Jim McColl dan wasa ne mai tsayi kuma mai son matsayi na tsakiya a Essendon, amma kawai ya buga wasanni uku a cikin shekaru hudu.[1] Ya kammala na uku a cikin Gardiner Medal, wanda aka ba wa dan wasa mafi kyau kuma mafi kyau a gasar VFL, a 1954 kuma a 1957 ya lashe kyautar Essendon mafi kyau da mafi kyau.

McColl ya kuma taka leda a kasar a City United a cikin Goulburn Valley Football League, kuma ya kasance kyaftin-kocin Katamatite da Strathmerton.

## Aikin noma
Ayyukan McColl a fannonin manufofin noma da gudanar da ruwa sun haifar da kyaututtuka da yawa, gami da zabe a shekarar 1989 a matsayin Fellow na Cibiyar Nazarin Aikin Gona ta Australiya Masana kimiyya da Fasaha kuma a cikin 2010, Distinguished Fellow na Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society. A shekara ta 2005 an ba Jim McColl kyautar Eureka don binciken ƙasa da ruwa tare da Farfesa Mike Young, Jami'ar Adelaide.

A cikin 2013 an nada McColl a matsayin Jami'in Order of Australia "don hidima ta musamman ga masana'antu ta farko ta hanyar manufofi da dabarun ba da shawara a fannin noma, kamun kifi da albarkatun kasa, da kuma kiyayewa da muhalli".

## Manazarta
Gidan mai kula

The Steward's Lodge wani gida ne wanda asalinsa ya kasance wani ɓangare na Farmleigh estate, kusa da Phoenix Park a Dublin. Wani lokaci Taoiseach na Ireland yana amfani da shi azaman wurin zama.

## Tarihi

### Asalin
An gina gidan Steward ne da farko a cikin filin gidan Farmleigh - wani yanki na karni na 18 wanda mambobin Iyalin Guinness ne suka mallaka. Asalin da za a iya samu a cikin filayen gidan, daga baya aka raba gidan daga Farmleigh yayin ayyukan gyare-gyare.

### Gidan Taoiseach
Babu wani Gidan hukuma na Taoiseach, tare da kowane Taoiseach yana zaune a ko dai gidajensu, ko kuma a cikin wani gida a Dublin. A cikin shekarun 1970s, an yi shirye-shirye don juya tsohon Apostolic Nunciature (tsohon Mataimakin Sakatare's Lodge) a cikin Phoenix Park zuwa gidan zama na hukuma. Koyaya, tsare-tsaren sun fadi kuma an rushe ginin Georgian daga baya.

A shekara ta 2006, Ofishin Ayyukan Jama'a ya sanar da cewa an gyara Gidan Ma'aikaci, a farashin kusan Yuro 600,000. An yi hasashen cewa gidan zai zama gidan zama na Taoiseach bayan Babban zaben 2007, kuma za a gudanar da duk wani aikin hukuma a kusa da Farmleigh ko Ginin Gwamnati.

Akwai damuwa ta siyasa a matakin gwamnati game da aikin, tare da wasu damuwa cewa ana iya nuna shi a matsayin "perk" mai yawa ga Taoiseach. A shekara ta 2005, mai magana da yawun Bertie Ahern ya bayyana cewa ba shi da sha'awar amfani da shi, kuma ya kasance mai zama a gidansa mai zaman kansa a Drumcondra a Dublin.[1] A shekara ta 2008, an ruwaito cewa Brian Cowen na iya amfani da shi a matsayin gidansa na hukuma.[2] Rahotanni na kafofin watsa labarai sun nuna cewa damuwar Garda game da tsaron Taoiseach ta hana shi ci gaba da zama a gidansa na Dublin a tsakiyar gari.[2] Cowen bai zauna a hukumance a cikin Steward's Lodge ba, ya fi son komawa gidan danginsa a County Offaly, amma ya yi amfani da shi "daga lokaci zuwa lokaci".[undefined][3] A shekara ta 2011, an ruwaito cewa Taoiseach na lokacin, Enda Kenny, zai yi amfani da gidan, duk da haka ya yi amfani da shi da wuya.[4][5] Tsohon Taoiseach Leo Varadkar ya zauna a cikin gidansa na sirri a Castleknock, amma ya yi amfani da Lodge don jam'iyyun lokaci-lokaci a kan kansa.[6][5] A lokacin annobar COVID-19 a Jamhuriyar Ireland Varadkar ya yi amfani da ita a matsayin wurin zama saboda wuraren tarurruka.[7]

A watan Yulin 2024, an ruwaito cewa masu ba da shawara kan tsaro na gwamnati suna dagewa cewa Taoiseach da iyalinsa su koma cikin Steward's Lodge don tsaron su, biyo bayan rikice-rikicen adawa da shige da fice da karuwar yawan hare-haren da aka kai wa 'yan siyasa a duniya.

## Manazarta
Gine-gine na Gwamnati

Gine-ginen Gwamnati (Irish: Tithe an Rialtais) babban gini ne na Edwardian wanda ke kewaye da quadrangle a kan titin Merrion a Dublin, Ireland, inda manyan ofisoshin Gwamnatin Ireland suke. Daga cikin ofisoshin Jiha da ke cikin ginin sune:

* Ma'aikatar Taoiseach
* *Gidan majalisa* (gidan ofishin) 
* Ofishin Babban Lauyan
* Ma'aikatar Kudi
* Ma'aikatar Kudin Jama'a, Infrastructure, Gyaran Ayyukan Jama'a da Digitalisation

## Asalin

Ginin da zai zama Ginin Gwamnati shine babban gini na karshe na jama'a da aka gina a karkashin mulkin Birtaniya a yanzu Jamhuriyar Ireland. Sir Aston Webb ne ya tsara shi, masanin gine-ginen Burtaniya wanda daga baya ya sake tsara bangon Fadar Buckingham, kuma an gina shi a shafin yanar gizon jere na Gidajen Georgia waɗanda ake rushewa ɗaya bayan ɗaya yayin da aka gina shi. Sarki Edward VII ne ya kafa dutsen tushe a cikin 1904, kuma Sarki George V ne ya buɗe ginin a cikin 1911.

Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona da Ilimin Fasaha ce ta mallake shi, wata hukuma ce ta gwamnatin Dublin Castle, kuma an yi niyyar amfani da ita ta Royal College of Science. A watan Yunin 1921, an zaɓi Gidan Majalisar a matsayin wurin taron farko na sabuwar Majalisar dokokin Kudancin Ireland, wanda aka kirkira a karkashin Dokar Gwamnatin Ireland ta 1920. Ya tabbatar da rashin nasara, kamar yadda kawai 4 daga cikin 128 mambobi na House of Commons suka juya, da 15 daga cikin 64 Sanatoci.[1]

Tare da zuwan Irish Free State a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1922, Leinster House, hedikwatar Royal Dublin Society, wanda ke kusa da Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Royal, ya zama wurin zama na wucin gadi na majalisar dokokin Free State, *Oireachtas Shaorstát Éireann*. Majalisar zartarwa ta Irish Free State nan da nan ta kwace wani ɓangare na kwalejin a matsayin ofishin wucin gadi. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Free State ta yanke shawarar sayen Leinster House kai tsaye daga RDS. Amfani da gwamnati na wani ɓangare na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Royal ya zama na dindindin.

### Gine-gine na asali na gwamnati (1922-1991)
Daga 1922 zuwa 1991, an raba tsohon ginin Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Royal tsakanin jikin da yawa. Fuka-fuki a dama na babban ƙofar (fuka-fukan arewa) Ma'aikatar Shugaban kasa ce ta yi amfani da shi, daga baya a 1938 an sake masa suna Ma'aunin Taoiseach. Babban Lauyan, Ma'aikatar Shari'a da sauran ofisoshin suma sun mamaye wannan reshe na ginin. Ma'aikatar Kudi ta mamaye reshen kudu har abada. Cibiyar tsakiya ta farfajiyar a ƙarƙashin dome har yanzu tana amfani da Royal College of Science, kuma daga baya lokacin da ta haɗu da Kwalejin Jami'ar Dublin, ta ɗalibai daga Faculty of Engineering. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, wasu sassan sun koma ofisoshin da aka gina da manufa, suna barin reshen arewa ga Taoiseach, Sakatariyar Gwamnati da Babban Lauyan.

## Manazarta
Ministan Jiha a Ma'aikatar Taoiseach

**Ministan Jiha a [[Taoiseach]]" id="mwDQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Department of the Taoiseach">Ma'aikatar Taoiseach** ƙaramin mukamin minista ne a Ma'aikatan Taoiseach na Gwamnatin Ireland wanda ke gudanar da ayyuka da ayyukan da Taoiseach ya ba shi.

An fara kirkirar mukamin ne a shekarar 1922 a matsayin Sakataren majalisa Dokoki ga Shugaban Majalisar Zartarwa. A shekara ta 1937, bayan amincewa da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Ireland, an canza matsayin zuwa na Sakataren Majalisar Dokoki ga Taoiseach .  A shekara ta 1978, ofishin Ministan Jiha a Ma'aikatar Taoiseach ya maye gurbin mukamin.

Ɗaya daga cikin Ministocin Jiha a cikin wannan sashen an ba shi matsayin Babban Whip na Gwamnati kuma shine mafi girman Ministan Jiha a gwamnatin Ireland. Suna halartar tarurrukan majalisa, amma ba su da kuri'a kuma ba ɗaya daga cikin mambobi goma sha biyar na gwamnati ba. Matsayin Whip shine na farko na mai horo ga dukkan jam'iyyun gwamnati, don tabbatar da cewa dukkan wakilai, gami da ministoci, sun halarci Dáil Business kuma sun bi layin gwamnati a kan dukkan batutuwa.

Babban Whip na Gwamnati shine Mary Butler, TD, kuma mataimakin Chief Whip shine Emer Currie .

## Ayyukan Babban Whip na Gwamnati
Babban nauyin Babban Whip ya hada da: 

### Taron taron gwamnati
Babban Whip Ministan Jiha ne wanda ke halartar tarurrukan Gwamnati, amma ba shi da kuri'a. Wani lokaci ana ba da taken a matsayin "Ministan Jiha, halartar Gwamnati". Sauran Ministocin Jiha tare da taken "Ministan Jiha, halartar Gwamnati" an san su da manyan ministoci.

### Shirye-shiryen taƙaitaccen mako-mako ga Taoiseach kan doka a shirye-shirye
Kafin kowane Dáil Session ana aika wasiƙu ga dukkan Ministoci don ganin abin da doka ko wani kasuwanci sashen su ke sa ran sanyawa a gaban Dáil. An ba da rahoton mako-mako game da matakin Bills ga Taoiseach. A lokacin Dokar Kasuwanci ana tambayar Taoiseach sau da yawa game da abin da aka yi alkawari. Rahoton mako-mako ya nuna abin da aka yi wa Bills alkawari kuma ya ba da ranar da ake tsammani na bugawa na Bill.

## Manazarta
Christine Checinska

Christine Shaw-Checinska ƙwararriyar mai tsara kayan mata ce 'yar ƙasar Jamaica, mai kula da kayan mata, kuma mai tarihin zane-zane. Ita ce babbar mai kula da kayan kwalliya da yadi na Afirka da Afirka da ke zaune a ƙasashen waje a Gidan Tarihi na Victoria da Albert . Aikinta ya yi la'akari da alaƙar da ke tsakanin zane, al'ada da launin fata.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Checinska ta yi karatun zane-zane da zane-zane a Jami'ar Yammacin Ingila da ke Bristol kuma ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin zane-zane da zane-zane a shekarar 1986.  Ta sami digiri na biyu a Cibiyar Fasaha da Zane ta Surrey a shekarar 2002.  Checinska ta koma Goldsmiths, Jami'ar London don karatun digiri na uku, inda ta yi nazarin kyawun tsararrakin Windrush .  Ta kasance mai bincike na gaba a Jami'ar Gabashin London   Checinska ta yi aiki tare da Iniva (Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kayayyakin Duniya) kan ayyuka da dama, ciki har da *Zane & Bambanci da Zane na Zamantakewa*, wanda ya binciki yadi da hanyoyin zamantakewa. Ta kafa Rukunin Tufafi, Zane da Al'adu a Laburaren Stuart Hall na Iniva a shekarar 2013. 

## Bincike da aiki
An naɗa Checinska a matsayin Malami a fannin Fashion a Goldsmiths, Jami'ar London, kuma ta riƙe muƙami na haɗin gwiwa a Jami'ar Johannesburg, Cibiyar Bincike ta Fasaha da Zane.   Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai tsara kayan kwalliya mai zaman kansa, tana jagorantar tarin kayan kwalliya na Margaret Howell .  Aikinta ya yi la'akari da alaƙar da ke tsakanin zane, al'ada da launin fata; tana bincika jigogi kamar mulkin mallaka da cinikin ƙasa da ƙasa. 

A shekarar 2016 shirinta na *The Arrivants* ya fara fitowa a Jami'ar Johannesburg FADA (Faculty of Art, Design and Architecture).  *The Arrivants* sun yi la'akari da mahadar launin fata, al'ada da salon zamani, tare da mai da hankali kan rawar da sutura ke takawa a tattaunawar iyakokin zamantakewa.   Daga baya a wannan shekarar, ta gabatar da wani shiri na TED wanda ya binciki salon a matsayin fafutukar yau da kullun.  A lokacin jawabinta ta ƙirƙiro kalmar "Craftivist". 

A shekarar 2020, Checinska ta zama mai kula da salon Afirka da na Afirka da ke zaune a ƙasashen waje a gidan adana kayan tarihi na Victoria da Albert .   Ita ce babbar mai kula da babban baje kolin kayan tarihi na Victoria da Albert *Africa Fashion* (Yuli 2022–Afrilu 2023).  

## Manazarta