Ƴancin Kannabis

**Haƙƙin Kannabis ko haƙƙin** **marijuana** (wani lokaci musamman musamman haƙƙin masu amfani da **Kannabis ko haƙƙin** **dutse** ) ƙungiyoyin jama'a ne na mutum  da haƙƙin ɗan adam  waɗanda suka bambanta ta ikon hukuma.  Haƙƙoƙin mutanen da ke shan wiwi sun haɗa da 'yancin samun 'yanci daga wariyar aiki da nuna wariyar gidaje .   

## Tarihi a Amurka
Har zuwa karni na ashirin, babu wani hani a Amurka game da girma da cinye tabar wiwi.  A tsakiyar karni na ashirin, mallakar marijuana laifi ne a kowace jiha ta Amurka (da yawancin sauran ƙasashe). A cikin 1996, ƙaddamar da Shawarar 215 ta masu jefa ƙuri'a na California sun dawo da iyakacin haƙƙin marasa lafiya na kannabis a cikin jihar. Sauran jihohi da ƙasashe tun daga lokacin sun shiga California don kiyaye haƙƙin masu amfani da tabar wiwi. 

A cikin Amurka, da yawa ba a sani ba game da haƙƙin cannabis saboda duk da dokokin jihohi, kannabis ya kasance ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. Saboda haka, masu amfani da kannabis ba sa cikin aji mai kariya . Kotuna za su magance batutuwan da suka shafi dokar gidaje da aikin yi, da kuma wariyar nakasa .  

## Amfani da likitanci
A cikin Amurka, amfani da tabar wiwi don dalilai na likita doka ne a cikin jihohi 33, huɗu (cikin biyar) yankuna na Amurka na dindindin da kuma Gundumar kolumbiya . [11] Ƙarin ƙarin jihohi 14 suna da ƙarin ƙayyadaddun dokoki waɗanda ke ba da izinin amfani da ƙananan samfuran THC. [11] kannabis ya kasance ba bisa ka'ida ba a matakin tarayya ta hanyar Dokar Kayayyakin Abubuwan Kulawa, wanda a ƙarƙashinsa an rarraba cannabis azaman Jadawalin I magani tare da babban yuwuwar cin zarafi kuma babu yarda da amfani da likita. A cikin Disamba 2014, duk da haka, an sanya hannu kan gyaran Rohrabacher-Farr a cikin doka, wanda ya haramta Ma'aikatar Shari'a daga gurfanar da mutanen da ke aiki daidai da dokokin kannabis na likita.

Hujja ta ƙasa da ƙasa don amfani da likita ta haɗa da haƙƙin lafiya, kamar yadda yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan Haƙƙin Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a, da Al'adu suka tabbatar. Koyaya, abin da ke ƙayyade "lafiya" ko "lafiya" ana jayayya tsakanin mutane da hukumomin gwamnati.  

## Shari'a
An haramta amfani da tabar wiwi don dalilai na nishaɗi a yawancin ƙasashe; duk da haka, mutane da yawa sun yi amfani da manufar yanke hukunci don yin sauƙaƙan mallaka wani laifi mara laifi (sau da yawa kama da ƙaramin cin zarafi). Wasu kuma suna da hukuncin da ya fi tsanani kamar wasu ƙasashen Asiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya inda mallakar ko da ƙananan kuɗi ake azabtar da su ta hanyar ɗaurin shekaru da yawa. 

## Jiha da tarayya
Ya zuwa 2019 a Amurka, jihohi goma sha ɗaya da Gundumar Columbia sun halatta maganin kannabis na likita da na nishaɗi, tare da ƙarin jihohi 25 da suka haramta maganin.  Duk da haka, jihohi goma sha huɗu da dokar tarayya har yanzu suna rarraba tabar wiwi a matsayin doka, suna sanya tabar wiwi a matsayin magani na "shirin farko". Kasancewa ba bisa ka'ida ba na tarayya, ba za a iya sarrafa riba ta bankunan da ke da inshora na tarayya (ciki har da cak ko adibas), don haka ana tilasta masu siyar da kannabis yin amfani da tsabar kudi ko kuma su kasance cikin duhu game da ayyukan kasuwanci.  

## Amfanin addini
Addinai daban-daban suna da ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da amfani da tabar wiwi, a tarihi da kuma a halin yanzu. A cikin tarihin da, wasu addinai sun yi amfani da tabar wiwi azaman entheogen, musamman a cikin yankin Indiya inda al'adar ta ci gaba a kan iyaka.

A zamanin yau Rastafari na amfani da tabar wiwi azaman tsiro mai tsarki. A halin yanzu, addinan da ke da hani game da abubuwan sa maye, irin su Islama, Buddha, Bahai, Waliyyai na Ƙarshe (Mormons), da sauransu sun yi adawa da amfani da tabar wiwi da membobi, ko kuma a wasu lokuta suna adawa da 'yantar da dokokin kannabis. Wasu ƙungiyoyi, kamar wasu ƙungiyoyin Furotesta da Yahudawa, sun goyi bayan amfani da tabar wiwi na magani .

## Motsi na zamantakewa
Motsi game da dokokin cannabis da haƙƙin yana haɓaka tun farkon shekarun 1960. An ƙirƙiri ƙungiyoyi da yawa don amfani da kannabis kuma an haɗa su cikin shekaru 60 da suka gabata yayin da ƙasar ta canza kuma fahimtar haƙƙin marijuana ya canza. Ƙungiya ɗaya mai goyon bayan marijuana ita ce NORML (Ƙungiyar Ƙungiya ta Kasa don Gyara Dokokin Marijuana).   Tattaunawa game da haƙƙin cannabis ya canza daga alamun tsinkaya da ke bayyana "Pot yana da daɗi," zuwa kasancewa game da lafiya da adalci na zamantakewa.   An lura cewa al'ummomin Ba-Amurke na iya shan wahala mafi yawa daga ci gaba da haramcin tabar wiwi, kodayake yawan amfani da su ya yi daidai da ƴan ƙasa farare. Kama mutanen Afirka-Amurka ya ninka sau 3.73 idan aka kwatanta.   Masu fafutuka suna fatan ganin waɗancan lambobin sun ragu tare da samun haƙƙoƙi.

## Indoneshiya
Akwai kusan masu amfani da tabar wiwi miliyan biyu a Indonesiya a cikin 2014, in ji Hukumar Yaƙi da muggan kwaya ta ƙasa ( *Badan Narkotika Nasional - BNN* ). Wannan ya sa tabar wiwi ta zama sanannen magani a Indonesiya sai kuma nau'in amphetamine-stymulants (ATS) kamar methamphetamine (shabu) da ecstasy .  Yawancin tabar wiwi ana rarraba su ne daga yammacin lardin Indoneshiya mai suna Aceh .  An daure mutane 37,923 saboda cannabis tsakanin 2009 da 2012. An daure mutane 26, a matsakaita, kowace rana.  Domin tabar wiwi ita ce maganin da aka fi amfani da shi, shan tabar wiwi ya kai kashi 66 bisa dari fiye da sauran kwayoyi a kasar. Ana ba da hukuncin kisa ga mutanen da ke noman tabar wiwi, ko kuma tarar dalar Amurka 550,000 mafi ƙanƙanta, bisa ga dokar hana shan tabar wiwi (BNN). 

## Manazarta

* Anders, Melissa (Maris 1, 2012). " Kungiyoyin marijuana na likitanci sun bukaci 'yan majalisar Michigan da su kare haƙƙin haƙuri  ". *MLive* .
* Caiuby Labate, Beatriz, and Cavnar, Clancy (2014), " [Hana, 'Yancin Addini, da 'Yancin Dan Adam: Gudanar da Amfani da Magungunan Gargajiya](https://books.google.com/books?id=DLWNBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT117&lpg=PT117&dq=Town+v.+State,+377+So.2d+648+(Fla.+1979)&source=bl&ots=mqyNIt3HgE&sig=TADgg7QyU7h7Pz8LXssyrAFFyb8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwifr9_Rk-jYAhWD2YMKHfVpBbIQ6AEIOzAF#v=onepage&q=Town%20v.%20State%2C%20377%20So.2d%20648%20(Fla.%201979)&f=false/) ", *Bugawar Springer*
* Clark Davis, Joshua (Janairu 6, 2015). " The Long Marijuana-Rights Movement ". *Hoton Huffington* .
* Edwards Staggs, Brooke (15 ga Fabrairu, 2017). " Haɗin gwiwar yana nufin kare masu amfani da kannabis daga gwajin magunguna bazuwar a wurin aiki ". *Cannifornia* .
* Gatenio Gabel, Shirley (2016). " Tsarin Tushen Hakki ga Binciken Manufofin Jama'a: Mugun Magani ko Mu'ujiza? Wanene Ya yanke shawara kuma Ta yaya? ", pp.&nbsp;60-61. *Bugawar Springer*
* Liquori, Francesca (Fabrairu 18, 2016). " Illar Halaccin Tabar wiwi akan Dokar Aiki ". *Jaridar NAGTRI, Juzu'i na 1, Lamba 2* .

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