Yanayin yanayi na Bahrain

Masarautar Bahrain  ta ƙunshi Tsibirin Bahrain da 33 daga cikin tsibirin Bahrain 37, da ke kwance a cikin Tekun Bahar Fasiya a arewacin iyakar Yammacin Asiya. Babban birnin Bahrain shine Manama . Tsibirin suna da kimanin kilomita 24 (15  daga gabar gabashin Saudi Arabia da kilomita 28 (17  daga Qatar. Jimlar yankin ƙasar kusan  kilomita 694 ne (268 sq , kusan sau hudu girman Gundumar Columbia.

Tsibirin Bahrain yana da kusan kashi 78% na yankin ƙasar masarautar, wanda ya ƙunshi  kilomita 604 (233 sq . Yana da tsawon kilomita 48 (30  daga arewa zuwa kudu kuma a mafi faɗin ya shimfiɗa kilomita 16 (10  daga gabas zuwa yamma. Tsibirin yana kewaye da manyan filayen man fetur na Gabas ta Tsakiya kuma yana da matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin hanyoyin sufuri na Tekun Farisa.

## Yanayin ƙasa da tsibirai
Bayan dawowar Janan zuwa Qatar a watan Maris na shekara ta 2001, jihar Bahrain ta kunshi tsibirai 33 a cikin tsibirin Bahrain.

A kusa da mafi yawan Bahrain kwari wani wuri mai zurfi na Tekun Farisa da aka sani da Tekun Bahrain .  Rashin teku da ke kusa da Bahrain yana da dutse kuma, galibi a arewacin tsibirin, an rufe shi da manyan coral reefs. Yawancin tsibirin hamada ce mai ƙasƙanci da maras kyau. Yankunan dutse mai laushi suna samar da tuddai masu laushi, tsaunuka masu tsaunuka, da raƙuman ruwa. Dutsen dutse yana rufe da nau'o'i daban-daban na yashi mai gishiri, wanda zai iya tallafawa kawai tsire-tsire masu tsayi - galibi itatuwan ƙaya da tsire-shire. Akwai wani sashi mai kyau mai faɗin kilomita biyar tare da gabar tekun arewa wanda kwanan wata, almond, ɓaure, da itatuwan pomegranate ke girma. Cikin ciki yana dauke da tsaunuka wanda ya tashi zuwa mita 134, mafi girman matsayi a tsibirin, don samar da Jabal al Dukhan (Dutse na Smoke), wanda ake kira saboda hazo wanda sau da yawa ke rushe taron. Yawancin Rijiyoyin mai na ƙasar suna kusa da Jabal al Dukhan . 

Wani marubuci ya rubuta game da ilimin ƙasa na ƙasar: "Bahrein ya kasance a kan wani ɓangare na tsohuwar belin geosynclinal na Tethys Ocean wanda aka wakilta a yau ta hanyar Gulf na Farisa. Samun babban tsibirin shine sakamakon matsin lamba daga tsaunukan tsaunuka na Farisa akan dandalin crystalline na tsakiyar Asiya, matsin da ake shawo kan ta hanyar ninkawa a cikin geosynchlines. Tsarin Bahrein shine na babban, guda, rufe duk lalacewa".

Duwatsun da aka fallasa a saman sun hada da:

* Yankin da Coquinas na baya-bayan nan sun zama shimfiɗa, rairayin bakin teku da ke kewaye da tsibirin daga inda farfajiyar ta tashi a hankali zuwa tsawo 150 zuwa 200 feet sama da matakin teku. A wannan lokacin ya fashe a cikin tsaunuka masu fuskantar ciki da ƙafa tamanin zuwa ɗari gaba ɗaya kewaye da wani tsakiya na tsakiya mai tsayi kusan kilomita goma sha biyu da faɗin huɗu.
* Yankin Pleistocene, giciye-bedded kuma mai yiwuwa iska-daidaita, kwance a cikin canyon.
* Yumbu mai laushi na Miocene wanda ke rufe yanki mai iyaka.
* Eocene limestone rufe mafi yawan tsibirin, yankin tsakiya wanda aka sani da "Jabal Dukhān "Dutse na Smoke", ya tashi zuwa maki 439 feet sama da matakin teku. Dutsen yana da ƙuƙwalwa sosai kuma shine tushen mafi yawan ruwa a arewacin rabin tsibirin.

Baya ga tsibirin Bahrain, wasu tsibiran masu muhimmanci sun hada da Nabih Saleh, wanda ke arewa maso yammacin Sitrah;  Tsibirin Jidda da Ummu a matsayin Sabaan, a arewacin Ummu a Nasan;  da kuma rukunin tsibirai, wanda mafi girma daga cikinsu shi ne Hawar, kusa da gabar tekun Qatar.[] Nabih Saleh ya ƙunshi maɓuɓɓugar ruwa masu yawa waɗanda ake amfani da su don ban ruwa da faffadan itatuwan dabino na tsibirin.  Hawar da kananan tsibirai goma sha biyar da ke kusa da su ne batun takaddamar yanki tsakanin Bahrain da Qatar.

A cikin gandun daji na Bahrain yana kusa da 1% na jimlar yankin ƙasa, daidai da hekta 700 (ha) na gandun daji a cikin 2020, har zuwa hekta 220 (ha) a cikin 1990. A shekara ta 2015, an ruwaito cewa 100% na yankin gandun daji yana ƙarƙashin mallakar jama'a.

## Yanayi
Bahrain tana da yanayi mara kyau.[1]  Bahrain tana da yanayi guda biyu: rani mai tsananin zafi da sanyi mai sanyi.[] A cikin watannin bazara, daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba, yanayin zafin rana ya kai 40 °C (104 °F) kuma yana iya kaiwa 46 °C (114.8 °F) a cikin watan Mayu, Yuni da Yuli.  a gefen kudu bakarare na Bahrain zuwa Manama a lokacin rani.[ Yanayin zafi yana matsakaici a cikin watannin hunturu, daga Nuwamba zuwa Maris, lokacin da ke tsakanin 10 da 20 °C (50 da 68 °F).  Duk da haka, zafi yakan hau sama da kashi 90 a cikin hunturu.[1]  Daga Disamba zuwa Maris, iskoki masu tasowa daga arewa maso yamma, wanda aka sani da shamal, suna kawo iska mai daskarewa a kan tsibirin.[1]  Ba tare da la'akari da yanayi ba, yanayin zafi na yau da kullun yana da daidaito a cikin tsibiran.[1]  Lura cewa mafi sanyin zafin da aka taɓa samu a Bahrain shine ranar 20 ga Janairu, 1964, lokacin da ya faɗi zuwa -5 °C (23 °F) a Awali da 2.7 °C (36 °F) a filin jirgin saman Bahrain.] Wannan daskare na musamman yana tare da wani fari, tare da ƙanƙara a kan bishiyoyi da shinge a Awali..

Bahrain tana samun karancin hazo. Matsakaicin Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine  in), yawanci ana iyakance shi ga watanni na hunturu. Babu koguna ko rafi na dindindin a kowane tsibirin. Ruwan sama na hunturu yakan faɗi a takaice, ruwan sama mai yawa, ambaliyar ruwa mai zurfi wanda ya bushe sauran shekara kuma yana hana sufuri. Ana adana ruwan sama kaɗan don ban ruwa ko sha. Koyaya, akwai maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da yawa a arewacin Bahrain da tsibirai da ke kusa. Rashin Ruwa mai laushi na karkashin kasa ya kai a ƙarƙashin Tekun Farisa zuwa gabar Saudi Arabiya. Tun zamanin d ̄ a, waɗannan maɓuɓɓugar ruwa sun ja hankalin mazauna zuwa tsibirin. Duk da karuwar gishiri, maɓuɓɓugar sun kasance muhimmiyar tushen ruwan sha ga Bahrain. Tun daga farkon shekarun 1980, duk da haka, tsire-tsire masu cire gishiri, waɗanda ke ba da ruwan teku da ya dace da amfani da gida da masana'antu, sun samar da kusan kashi 60% na bukatun amfani da ruwa na yau da kullun.

Saboda Canjin yanayi Bahrain tana fuskantar matsanancin zafi, fari, ambaliyar ruwa da guguwar ƙura da barazanar hauhawar matakin teku. Wadannan yanayi suna barazana ga tsaro na abinci da ruwa na Bahrain, kuma ana sa ran za su zama mafi tsanani a nan gaba. Duk da kasancewa ƙasa mai ƙarancin fitarwa gabaɗaya, Bahrain ita ce ta biyu mafi girma mai fitar da iskar gas ga kowane mutum a cikin 2023, a kusan tan 42 ga kowane mutum. Yawancin hayakin Bahrain sun samo asali ne daga ƙone burbushin burbushin halittu a bangaren makamashi. Kasar ta himmatu ga samun zero a shekara ta 2060  kuma tana da niyyar rage hayakin iskar gas da kashi 30% a shekara ta 2035. 

## Yankin da iyakoki
**Yankin:** jimlar: 780 km2 ƙasa kwatanta da duniya: 188&nbsp;

* ƙasa: 780 km2&nbsp;
* ruwa: 0 km2&nbsp;

* Amurka - sau 3.5 girman Washington DC

**Yankin bakin teku:** kilomita 161.&nbsp;

* territorial sea: 
* contiguous zone: 
* continental shelf: extending to boundaries to be determined

**Tsakanin tsawo:**

* mafi ƙasƙanci: Tekun Farisa 0 m
* mafi girman matsayi: Jabal ad Dukhan 122 m

## Albarkatarwa da amfani da ƙasa

**Albarkatun halitta:**

* man fetur, iskar gas da ba a haɗa shi ba, kifi, lu'ulu'u

* ƙasar noma: 2.11%
* amfanin gona na dindindin: 3.95%
* wasu: 93.95% (2012) 

**Yankin da ake ban ruwa:** 40.15 km2 (2003) &nbsp;

**Jimlar albarkatun ruwa masu sabuntawa:** 0.12 m3 (2011) 

**Rashin ruwa mai laushi (na gida / masana'antu / aikin gona):**

* jimlar: 0.3 km3/shekara (50%/6%/45%) &nbsp;
* ga kowane mutum: 386 m3/shekara (2003) 

## Damuwa da muhalli
**Hadarin halitta:** fari na lokaci-lokaci; guguwar ƙura

**Muhalli - batutuwan yanzu:** hamada sakamakon lalacewar iyakantaccen ƙasar noma, lokutan fari, da guguwar ƙura; lalacewar bakin teku (lalata ga bakin teku, coral reefs, da tsire-tsire na teku) sakamakon zubar da mai da sauran fitarwa daga manyan tankuna, masu tsabtace mai, da tashoshin rarrabawa; rashin albarkatun ruwa (ruwa da ruwan teku sune kawai tushen duk bukatun ruwa) 

**Muhalli - yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa:** jam'iyya zuwa: Biodiversity, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, WetlandsYankunan ruwa