open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
2016 zaɓen gwamnan jihar Edo

An **gudanar da zaɓen gwamnan jihar Edo a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2016** domin tantance gwamnan jihar Edo. Tun da farko dai an shirya gudanar da zaɓen ne a ranar 10 ga watan Satumba, amma kwanaki biyu kafin ranar 8 ga watan Satumba aka dage zabeyn saboda matsalolin tsaro.  

Gwamna mai ci Adams Oshiomhole bai samu damar tsayawa takara karo na uku a jere ba saboda kayyade wa’adin da aka kafa a gyara na biyar ga kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.  Godwin Obaseki ne ya gaje shi, wanda ya doke ɗan takarar PDP Osagie Ize-Iyamu a zaben.

## Tsarin zaɓe
An zaɓi Gwamnan Jihar Edo ne ta hanyar amfani da tsarin kada kuri’a.

## Jam'iyyar PDP
A zaɓen fidda gwani na jam’iyyar PDP da aka gudanar a ranar 20 ga watan Yunin 2016, Osagie Ize-Iyamu ya samu kuri’u 584 inda ya kayar da Matthew Iduoriyekemwen, na kusa da shi wanda ya samu kuri’u 91 yayin da Solomon Edebiri ya samu kuri’u 38. 

### Ƴan takara

* Ɗan takarar jam’iyyar: **Osagie Ize-Iyamu** : tsohon shugaban ma’aikatan gwamnan jihar Edo kuma sakataren gwamnatin jihar.
* Abokin takara: **John Yakubu**
* Solomon Edebiri: Dan kasuwa, mai taimakon jama'a. Ya sha kaye a zaɓen fidda gwani.
* Matthew Iduoriyekemwen. Ya sha kaye a zaben fidda gwani.

### Sakamako

## APC na fidda gwani
Godwin Obaseki, shugaban kungiyar tattalin arziki da dabaru na jihar Edo, ya yi nasara a zaben fidda gwani na jam’iyyar APC, inda ya samu kuri’u 1,618 da wasu ‘yan takara 11. Babban abokin hamayyarsa shi ne Pius Odubu, mataimakin gwamnan jihar, wanda ya zo na biyu da kuri’u 471. Adadin kuri'un da ba su aiki ba sun kai 41. ‘Yar takara mace daya tilo a zaben fidda gwani, Tina Agbarha, ta zo na karshe da kuri’u uku kacal. 

### 'Yan takara

* Dan takarar jam'iyyar: ' *[[Godwin Obaseki]]* : Shugaban kungiyar tattalin arziki da dabarun jihar Edo

:* Abokin takara: **Philip Shuaibu**

* Pius Odubu: Mataimakin Gwamnan Jihar Edo. Ya sha kaye a zaben fidda gwani.
* Oserheimen Osunbor : tsohon Gwamna. Ya sha kaye a zaben fidda gwani.
* Chris Ogiemwonyi : tsohon karamin ministan ayyuka. Ya sha kaye a zaben fidda gwani.

### Sakamako

## Babban Zaben
‘Yan takara 19 ne suka yi rajista da hukumar zabe mai zaman kanta . Dan takarar jam’iyyar APC Obaseki ya lashe zaben da kashi 52% na kuri’un da aka kada, dan takarar jam’iyyar PDP Ize-Iyamu ya samu kashi 41%.

Adadin wadanda suka yi rajista a jihar ya kai 1,900,233 yayin da masu zabe 622,039 suka samu amincewa. Yawan masu kada kuri'a ya kai 613,244 kuma bambancin jimillar kuri'un da aka samu tsakanin manyan 'yan takara biyu ya kai 66,310. 

### Sakamako

## Nassoshi
Zaɓen gwamnan jihar Kebbi, 1999

Zaɓen **gwamnan jihar Kebbi na shekarar 1999** ya faru ne a ranar 9 ga watan Janairun 1999. Dan takarar jam’iyyar APP Adamu Aliero ne ya lashe zaɓen inda ya doke ɗan takarar jam’iyyar PDP Mohammed Kaliel .            

## Sakamako
Adamu Aliero daga jam’iyyar APP ne ya lashe zaɓen. Dan takarar PDP Mohammed Kaliel da ɗan takarar AD ne suka fafata a zaɓen.           

Adadin wadanda suka yi rajista a jihar ya kai 1,167,171, jimillar kuri’u 500,938, kuri’u 472,062 da aka ki amincewa da su ya kai 28,876.       

* **[[Adamu Aliero]], APP - 259,498**
* Mohammed Kaliel, PDP - 208,552
* AD- 4,013

## Nassoshi
Ogallo Laban

**Ogallo Laban** Farfesa ne a fannin nazarin yanayi a Jami'ar Nairobi, Kenya.Ya kasance daya daga cikin jagororin kimiyyar yanayi da yanayin yanayi a Afirka. Ya kasance tsohon darektan Cibiyar Hasashen Yanayi da Aikace-aikace ta IGAD. Ya kasance Shugaban Sashen Kula da Yanayi, Memba mai kafa ƙungiyar Kula da Yanayi ta Kenya (KMS), Society kungiyar Yanayin Yanayin Afirka (AfMS), memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Afirka da Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Duniya. Ya kuma kasance memba na kungiyar IPCC da ta karbi lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Nobel a shekarar 2007.

## '''''Rayuwar farko da ilimi'''''
An haifi Farfesa Ogallo a kasar Kenya a ranar 20 ga Janairun 1950. Ya samu digirinsa na farko na digiri na biyu (B.Sc). Hons (Mathematics, Physics da Meteorology) a cikin shekarar 1975, M.Sc. (Meteorology) a 1977 da PHD (Meteorology) a 1980 daga Jami'ar Nairobi.

## '''''Sana'a'''''
Farfesa Ogallo ya fara aiki ne a shekarar 1975 a sashen nazarin awo na Afrika ta Tsakiya. A cikin 1976 ya kasance mai koyarwa, Sashen nazarin yanayi, Jami'ar Nairobi. A cikin 1979 ya zama malami, babban malami a 1986, shugaban sashen nazarin awoyi a 1988, Babban jami'in gudanarwa (Shugaba/Sakataren) zuwa Majalisar Kimiya da Fasaha ta Kenya a 1995, Mai Gudanarwa na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Duniya Climate Applications CLIPS Program a 1996. Darektan Halartar Yanayi da Cibiyar Aikace-aikace ta IGAD a 2000, Kodinetan IGAD da UNDP Bala'i na Ƙarfafa Ƙarfin Ƙarfafawa kuma a cikin 1995 ya zama cikakken farfesa

## '''''Zumunci da zama memba'''''
Ya kasance memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Duniya (TWAS), Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Afirka (AAS), Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kenya, Kenya Met Society kuma ya kasance abokin tarayya na Royal Met Society.

## '''''Mutuwa'''''
Farfesa Ogallo ya rasu a gidansa a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba 2020 bayan gajeriyar rashin lafiya kuma an binne shi a ranar 5 ga Disamba 2022 a Nyshera, Kisumuya.

## '''''Magana'''''
Mao Ohuabunwa

**Mao Arukwe Ohuabunwa** (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Mayu shekara ta, 1957)  ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne, ɗan kasuwa kuma a halin yanzu Sanata mai wakiltar mazaɓar Abia ta Arewa a majalisar wakilai ta ƙasa ta 8 da ya yi aiki a majalisar ƙasa ta 4 da ta 5 a matsayin mamba mai wakiltar mazabar Arochukwu / Ohafia na jihar Abia Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party tsakanin shekarar, 1999 zuwa 2007. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Mao Arukwe Ohuabunwa a Fatakwal, Jihar Ribas a ranar 24 ga watan Mayu shekara ta,1957 ga iyayen da ’yan kasuwa ne a garin Atani da ke ƙaramar hukumar Arochukwu a Jihar Abia . Ya halarci makarantar jihar Orevo inda ya yi karatun firamare sannan ya yi makarantar sakandare ta Enitona da ke Borokiri inda ya yi babbar makarantar sakandare. Ya ci gaba da samun HND da B.Tech a Applied Biology and Microbiology bi da bi a Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Ribas . Ya kuma ci gaba da zuwa Jami’ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Enugu inda ya samu shaidar kammala karatunsa na PGD da M.Sc a fannin Gudanar da Harkokin Jama’a da Gudanar da Ma’aikata.  

## Siyasa
A shekarar, 1998, bayan da ya samu gagarumar nasara a harkokin kasuwancinsa tsawon shekarun da ya tsunduma cikin harkokin siyasa, Sanata Mao ya tsaya takarar neman kujerar majalisar wakilai ta tarayyar Najeriya a ƙarƙashin inuwar jam'iyyar United Nigeria Congress Party, ya kuma yi nasara, kafin a datse tsarin. . 

Ya zama mutum na farko da ya wakilci mazaɓar Arochukwu/Ohafia a lokacin da ya sake tsayawa takara kuma ya yi nasara a zaɓen shekarar, 1999 a wannan karon a ƙarƙashin inuwar jam’iyyar People’s Democratic Party, sannan aka zaɓe shi a matsayin mataimakin shugaban majalisar wakilai.  Ya ci gaba da tsayawa takarar kujerar Sanatan Abia ta Arewa a majalisar dattawan Najeriya a zaɓen shekarar, 2007 a ƙarƙashin jam’iyyar PDP, ya sha kaye, amma bai yi nasara ba, ya ci gaba da tsayawa takara a zaɓen shekarar, 2015 da ya yi nasara kuma ya yi nasara. A ranar 6 ga watan Maris shekara ta, 2016 ya sake tsayawa takara bayan Kotun daukaka kara ta soke nasarar da ya samu a baya.
An kayar da Mao a babban zaɓen Najeriya na shekarar, 2019, inda ya sha kayi a hannun Cif Orji Uzor Kalu

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Mao ya auri Lady Barr. Nimi Faith Ohuabunwa wanda yake da yara tare da shi. Shi ne kuma wanda ya kafa gidauniyar Mao Ohuabunwa.Shi ne kanin Mazi 

## Duba kuma

* Tawagar majalisar dokokin Najeriya daga Abia

## Nassoshi
Bzigu Afakirya

Kanar (mai ritaya) **Bzigu Lassa Afakirya** Shi ne shugaban mulkin soja na jihar Kogi ta Najeriya daga watan Agusta 1996 zuwa Agusta 1998 a lokacin mulkin soja na Janar Sani Abacha. Lokacin da ya fara aiki a ofis ya rusa sannan ya sake kafa hukumar kula da ayyukan ƙananan hukumomi. Bayan komawar mulkin dimokuradiyya, a matsayinsa na tsohon shugaban mulkin soja, an bukaci ya yi ritaya daga aikin soja.

A watan Oktoban 2005, an ba shi lambar yabo a Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Kogi.

## Manazarta
Ogunnowo Taiwo Oladuni

**Ogunnowo Taiwo Oladuni**  Jarumar ƙasar Najeriya ce kuma kwararriyar mai kwalliya (Cosmetologist).Fim dinta na farko Ifejafunmi

## Fina-finai

* Ifejafumi
* Ebute
* Gucci Girl

## Rayuwa ta sirri
A shekarar 2018, jarumar ta yi aure da furodusan fina-finan Najeriya Okiki Afolayan.

## Manazarta
Da'a

**DAW** ko DAW na iya nufin:

 

## Mutanen da harshe

* Daw (sunan da aka ba shi) 
* Daw (sunan mahaifi) 
* Daw, sunan girmamawa da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin Sunayen Burmese
* Mutanen Dâw, 'yan asalin Brazil
* Harshen Dâw, yaren Brazil
* Harshen Davaoeño, lambar harshe ta ISO 939-3 `daw`, Philippines

## Wuraren da aka yi

* Daw, wani muhimmin birni, mai yiwuwa Gebel Adda na zamani, a cikin mulkin Dotawo na zamani
* Da'a, Mauritania
* Da'a Mill, ma'adinai a Warwickshire, Ingila
* Daw Park, Kudancin Australia, wani yanki na Adelaide
* Daw's Castle, wani tsaunin dutse a Somerset, Ingila
* Filin jirgin saman Skyhaven a Rochester, New Hampshire, tare da mai gano wurin FAA DAW

## kungiyoyin

* DAW Books, mai bugawa na Amurka
* Ayyukan Kayan Kayan Kimiyyar Jamusanci (Deutsche Ausrüstungswerke), ɗan kwangila na tsaro na SS
* Sashe don Ci gaban Mata, wani bangare na Mata na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya

## Sauran amfani

* daW, ko decawatt, naúrar da ke nufin 10 watts
* Jackdaw, tsuntsu a cikin dangin zakara
* "D.A.W.", wani labari na Law & Order: Criminal Intent (lokaci na 3) amp; Hanyar: Manufar Laifi (lokaci na 3) 
* Tashar aiki ta dijital, na'urar yin rikodin fayilolin sauti
* DAW, "Rashin aiki kamar yadda aka rubuta", taƙaice da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin magungunan kiwon lafiya

## Dubi kuma
Jejere (Tumour)

*Jejere* (Tumour) fim din Najeriya ne na 2018 duk game da wani mutum a cikin sabon yanayi. Kamfanin sim line international ne ya samar da shi kuma an yi harbin kwanaki uku a oshogbo.

## Haska shirin
Fim din wanda Laide Bakare ya shirya an kaddamar da shi ne a otal din Orchid da ke Legas kuma ya samu halartar manyan mutane daban-daban da kuma jami'an gwamnati.

## Yin wasan kwaikwaye

Yan Fim din sun haɗa da Abolore Adegbola Akande, Akin Lewis, Ebun Oloyede, Laide Bakare Emeka Ike, Oby Alex O da Fathia Balogun.

## Takaitaccen bayani
Wata mata tana fuskantar matsin lamba daga mijinta kan ta ba shi da namiji bayan 'yan mata 8 duk da rashin lafiyarta. Fim din ya kuma tabo batutuwan da suka shafi zamani kamar satar mutane, rashin aikin yi da cin hanci da rashawa.

## Manazarta
Clarence Olafemi

**Clarence Olafemi** ‘yar siyasar Najeriya ce da aka nada a karkashin mukaddashin gwamnan jihar Kogi a watan Fabrairu shekara ta 2008, bayan da aka soke zaben gwamna Ibrahim Idris .  Ya mika wa Ibrahim Idris a ranar 29 ga watan Maris shekara ta 2008 bayan Idris ya sake lashe zabe . 

An haifi Olafemi a karamar hukumar Mopa-Muro ta jihar Kogi. Ya kammala karatunsa a jami'ar Ahmadu Bello da ke Zaria . Ya kasance dan takarar gwamna na jihar Kwara . 

An zabi Olafemi a matsayin dan majalisar dokokin Jihar Kogi mai wakiltar mazabar Mopamuro a watan Afrilu shekara ta 2007 akan dandalin jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party (PDP). A watan Satumban shekara ta 2007, kotun sauraron kararrakin zabe ta jihar Kogi da ke Lokoja ta soke zabensa.  Ya daukaka kara kan hukuncin, kuma a watan Fabrairu shekara ta  2008, Kotun daukaka kara da ke Abuja ta soke hukuncin.  A watan Yulin 2008, an kira shi a gaban Hukumar Yaki da yi wa Tattalin Arzikin Kasa Ta’annati (EFCC) domin ya bayyana rawar da ya taka wajen karkatar da naira biliyan 12 na jihar . 

## Manazarta
Edriss Titi

**Edriss Saleh Titi** (, ; An haife shi 22 Maris 1957 a Acre, Isra'ila) Balaraben-Isra'ila masanin lissafi ne. Shi Farfesa ne na Kimiyyar Lissafi marasa kan layi  a Jami'ar Cambridge. Har ila yau, yana riƙe da Arthur Owen Farfesa na Lissafi a Jami'ar Texas A&amp;amp;M, kuma yana aiki a matsayin Farfesa na Kimiyyar Kwamfuta da Ilimin Lissafi a Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Weizmann da Farfesa Emeritus a Jami'ar California, Irvine. 

## Manazarta
Chris Delvan Gwamna

**Christopher Delvan Gwamna Ajiyat** (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Disamban 1960) mawaƙi ne ɗan Najeriya, marubucin waƙa kuma fasto na The New Life Pastoral Center (New Life Assembly), da ke Kaduna, Najeriya kuma yana rike da makamai irin na musamman kamarsu: Arewa Christian Initiative; House of Yedutun; Metahost Partnerships and Pisgah Media.   

## Rayuwa da ilimi
An haifi Gwamna a Kagoro, Jihar Kaduna, Najeriya a ranar 12 ga watan Disamban 1960. Ya kammala karatunsa na farko a jami'ar Ahmadu Bello a shekarun 1980s inda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin tarihi da kimiyyar siyasa. Gwamna da matarsa, Anna (itama fasto), sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu, Joel da Salamatu. 

## Kade-kade da ayyuka
Gwamna ya zagaya sassa da dama na duniya tun daga fara bajintarsa na waka kuma yana cikin shirye-shirye irin su bikin yabo da ibada da aka gudanar a dandalin Tafawa Balewa, Legas, wanda Omegabank Plc ya shirya. ranar 12 ga watanMayu, 2001. 

Ya kasance daya daga cikin ministocin a taron *Men of Issachar Vision*, karkashin jagorancin mataimakin shugaban Najeriya, Yemi Osinbajo, a Ibadan a watan Janairun 2017, kamar yadda jaridar *The Cable* ta ruwaito. 

A cikin shekara ta 2018, *YNaija* ta saka shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Mutane 100 masu Tasiri a Hidimar Kiristanci a Najeriya. 

## Nasarorin da kyaututtuka
Gwamna ya bada gudummawa wajen fassarar Revised Standard Version zuwa harshen Hausa, na kungiyar Bible League of the United States of America kuma ya kammala aikin cikin nasara a 2003.   

Gwamna ya samu lambar yabo ta Fellow's Investiture and Icon of Mentorship Award a ranar 26 ga watan Afrilu 2017 wanda Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Ma'aikata ta Najeriya (IMCCN) ta bayar don karrama "jagorancinsa na ruhaniya, jagoranci da sadaukarwa ga bil'adama" a Cibiyar Raya Al'adu ta Koinonia na Sabuwar Life Pastoral Center. Kaduna, wanda babban darakta na cibiyar, Rotimi Matthew ya mika masa kyautar.   

## Wakoki

* "Zan Jagoranci Duniya"
* "Little Foxes"
* "Kai ne Hasken Jagorana"
* "El-Elohe Isra'ila"
* "Shi ne Ɗan Rago, Shi ne Zaki"
* "Kai Mai Girma ne"
* "Zan Bi"
* "Zan Waka"
* "Daga cikin toka"
* "Dauke Ni Mai Zurfi"
* "Ubangiji shine Haskena"
* "Har Shiloh"
* "Kai ne Ruhu Mai Tsarki"
* "Kawo Komai Cikin Biyayya ga Kristi"

## Bidiyo

* "Holy Holy Holy Latest" (Nigeria Gospel Song)
* "Wakokin Rayuwa Mai Girma"
* "Hadisi"
* "Zan Waka"
* "Taron Kalma da Bauta 2018"

## Shahararrun maganganu
  

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Chris Delvan Manyan Wakoki 50
Aminu Dantata

**Aminu Dantata** ko kuma ace **Aminu Alhassan Dantata,** an haife shi a ranar 19 ga watan Mayu shekarar 1931, fitaccen dan kasuwa ne a Najeriya kuma mai taimakon jama'a, wanda ya tallafawa cibiyoyi daban-daban na inganta ilimi a Jihar Kano ta hanyar kirkirar shirye-shiryen koyar da sana'o'i ga jama'a. 

Shine shugaban da ke jagorantar dukkan harkokin kasuwancinsa na gidaje da sauran bangarorin shigar kudi.

Dantata ne ya assasa kamfanin man fetur da iskar na na Express Petroleum & Gas Ltd kana daya daga cikin wadanda suka tsara Bankin Jaiz a Najeriya. A shekarar 1978, ya kasance mamban tafiyar siyasa ta National Movement wacce daga baya ta sauya zuwa National Party of Nigeria a turance.

## Manazarta
Harin Bom a Mubi, 2017

A ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamban 2017, an kai harin ƙuna baƙin wake a garin Mubi da ke jihar Adamawa a Najeriya.  Wani matashi ya tayar da bam din a cikin wani masallaci a lokacin da masu ibada suka isa Masallacin domin gudanar da sallar asuba a babban garin da ke gabashin Najeriya, inda suka kashe mutane 50. 

## Alhakin kai harin
Babu wata ƙungiya da ta ɗauki alhakin kai harin. Babbar ƙungiyar Boko Haram ta fara tayar da kayar baya a shekarar 2009. Sune ke kai mafi yawan hare-haren da ke afkuwa a Najeriya tun a wancan lokaci. Ana zarginsu da kai harin bam, da kuma hare-haren da aka kai a Mubi a 2012, 2014 da 2018.

## Manazarta
Harin Bom a Maiduguri, Maris 2017

A ranar 22 ga watan Maris 2017, da misalin karfe 4:30 na safe, wasu bama-bamai sun tashi a wurare uku a unguwar Muna Garage da ke Maiduguri, jihar Borno, a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya.  

## Harin
Fashe-fashen sun faru ne a sansanin ' yan gudun hijira na Garage Muna.

Hare-haren da ƴan ƙuna baƙin wake uku zuwa biyar suka kai a wurare daban-daban, sun yi sanadiyar mutuwar mazauna sansanin farar hula uku zuwa biyar da kuma su kansu (ƴan ƙuna baƙin wake)- tare da jikkata mutane 20.  

## Iƙirari
Babu wata ƙungiyar ta'addanci da ta yi iƙirarin ko ta ɗauki nauyin alhakin wadannan fashe- fashe, amma ana kyautata zaton ƙungiyar Boko Haram mai jihadi - wacce ta kai hari a Maiduguri sau da yawa a baya - ita ce ke da alhakin kai harin.

## Manazarta
Harin Dalori, 2016

A ranar 30 ga watan Junairun shekarar 2016, aƙalla mutane 86 ne suka mutu sannan wasu aƙalla 62 suka jikkata a wani hari da mayakan Boko Haram suka kai a ƙauyen Dalori mai tazarar kilomita 4 daga birnin Maiduguri a Najeriya. Harin na ramuwar gayya ne ga rundunar haɗin gwiwa ta Civilian Task Force, kuma ya fara ne a lokacin da ƴan bindiga a cikin motoci biyu da babura suka shiga garin na Dalori suka fara harbin mutanen da ke zaune tare da tayar da bama-bamai a bukkokinsu. Wani kiyasi na cewa wataƙila sama da mayakan 100 ne suka kai harin.  Harin ta'addancin ya kwashe tsawon kimanin sa'o'i huɗu a lokacin faruwar sa, kuma anyi zargin mayaƙan sun ƙona yara da ransu. 

## Temako
Sojojin Najeriya dai sun kasa fafatawa da ƴan ta’addan, sai da dakarun da aka ƙaro musu suka kai musu ɗauki, lamarin da ya sa ‘yan Boko Haram suka koma baya. Ƴan ta’addan sun yi ta farautar mutanen ƙauyen da ke gudun hijira, sannan wasu mata uku ‘yan ƙuna baƙin wake sun tarwatsa kansu a cikin mutanen da suka tsere zuwa kauyen Gamori da ke makwabtaka da su.

## Alƙaluma
Ba a dai san ainihin adadin waɗanda suka mutu ba, amma an tabbatar da mutuwar mutane akalla 86. An kuma yiwa wasu jikatattu 62 magani akan ƙunar da suka samu a asibitin kwararru na jihar dake Maiduguri. Harin yayi sanadiyyar lalata manyan sassa na ƙauyen Dalori. 

## Alamar tambaya
An dai ta ɗiga alamar tambayoyi kan yadda Mayaƙan suka kai hari a wani kauye da ke kusa da hedkwatar sojoji da ke Maiduguri, da yadda suka bi ta hanyar da sojoji da ’yan banga suka bi ba tare da tsangwama ba, da kuma yadda suka kai farmakin kauyen na sa’o’i da dama, kafin sojoji su samu nasarar dirar musu gami da iya tarwatsa su.

## Duba kuma
* List of terrorist incidents, January–June 2016
* List of terrorist incidents linked to ISIL

## Manazarta
Harin Ƙuna Baƙin Wake a Dikwa

A ranar 9 ga watan Fabrairu 2016, wasu mata biyu ƴan ƙuna baƙin wake da ke da alaƙa da Boko Haram sun tayar da bama-baman da ke jikinsu, inda suka kashe mutane fiye da 60 tare da jikkata wasu 78 a wani sansanin ‘yan gudun hijira da ke Dikwa a Najeriya. Jami’ai sun ce wasu ‘yan ƙuna baƙin wake guda biyar ne suka kutsa cikin sansanin a matsayin ‘yan gudun hijira biyu daga cikinsu mata ƴan tsakanin shekaru 17 zuwa 20, inda suka tada bama-bamai a lokacin da ‘yan gudun hijira ke cikin jerin gwanon masu neman abinci. Wata ‘yar ƙuna bakin waken ta uku ta ki kashe kanta bayan ta shiga sansanin ta gano da ƴan uwanta a cikin (yan gudun hijirar), yayin da wasu biyu kuma suka ki tayar da nasu bama-baman dake jikin su, suka tsere daga sansanin.    

## Martani
Mataimakin shugaban Najeriya Yemi Osinbajo ya yi jawabi ga al'ummar ƙasar bayan harin a wata sanarwa da ya fitar: "Za a tura rundunar gwamnatin tarayya domin farautar waɗanda suka aikata wannan mugunyar aiki tare da tunkarar 'yan ta'adda da ke barazana ga rayuka, 'yanci da dukiyoyin 'yan Najeriya baki ɗaya. " 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin hare-haren ta'addanci na, Janairu-Yuni 2016
* Jerin ta'addancin da ke da alaka da ISIL

## Manazarta
Madatsar ruwa

**Dam** wani shamaki ne dake tsayawa ko takura magudanar ruwan saman ko rafukan karkashin kasa. Tafkunan da madatsun ruwa ke samar ba wai kawai na dakile ambaliya ba ne har ma suna samar da ruwa don ayyukan da suka hada da ban ruwa, amfani da mutane, amfani da masana'antu, kiwo, da kuma kewayawa . Yawanci ana amfani da wutar lantarki tare da madatsun ruwa don samar da wutar lantarki. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da dam don tattarawa ko adana ruwa wanda za'a iya rarraba shi daidai tsakanin wurare. Matsakaicin madatsun ruwa gabaɗaya suna yin amfani da babbar manufar riƙe ruwa, yayin da ake amfani da wasu gine-gine kamar ƙofofin ambaliya ko leve (wanda aka fi sani da dikes ) don sarrafa ko hana kwararar ruwa zuwa takamaiman yankuna na ƙasa. Dam ɗin da aka fi sani da shi shine Dam ɗin Jawa a cikin Jordan, tun daga 3,000 BC. Wani tafki ne Wanda Ake anfani dashi Damon tare ruwa.
 

## Manazarta
Euthanasia

**Euthanasia** (daga    'kyakkyawan mutuwa': εὖ, *eu* 'da kyau, mai kyau' + θάνατος, *thanatos* 'mutuwa') shine al'ada  ta ƙare rayuwa don kawar da ciwo da wahala kuncin rayuwa da  gangan.

Kasashe daban-daban suna da dokokin euthanasia daban-daban. Majalisar Dokokin Biritaniya ta zabo kwamiti kan da'a na likitanci ta bayyana euthanasia a matsayin "tsangwama da gangan da aka yi tare da bayyana aniyar kawo karshen rayuwa, don kawar da wahala mai wuyar gaske".  A cikin Netherlands da Belgium, an fahimci euthanasia a matsayin "kashewar rayuwa ta likita bisa buƙatar mai mara lafiya".  Dokar Dutch, duk da haka, ba ta amfani da kalmar 'euthanasia' amma ta haɗa da ra'ayi a ƙarƙashin ma'anar "taimakawa wajen kashe kai da kuma ƙare rayuwa akan buƙata".

An rarraba Euthanasia ta hanyoyi daban-daban, waɗanda suka haɗa da na son rai, da ba na son rai, ko na son rai.  Euthanasia na son rai shine lokacin da mutum ya so a kashe rayuwarsa kuma ya zama doka a yawan ƙasashe. Euthanasia ba na son rai ba yana faruwa ne lokacin da ba a sami izinin majiyyaci ba kuma yana da doka a wasu ƙasashe ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun sharuɗɗa, a cikin nau'ikan aiki da kuma active and passive forms. euthanasia na son rai, wanda ake yi ba tare da neman izini ba ko kuma akasin nufin majiyyaci, haramun ne a duk ƙasashe kuma yawanci ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin kisan kai.

 Kamar yadda na 2006 euthanasia ya zama yanki mafi aiki na bincike a ilimin halittu. A wasu ƙasashe ana samun sabani tsakanin jama'a game da ɗabi'a, ɗa'a, da lamuran shari'a masu alaƙa da euthanasia. Passive euthanasia (wanda aka sani da "jawo toshe") doka ce ta wasu yanayi a ƙasashe da yawa. Euthanasia mai aiki, duk da haka, doka ce ko kuma ta zama doka a cikin ƙasashe kaɗan kawai (misali: Belgium, Kanada da Switzerland), waɗanda ke iyakance shi ga takamaiman yanayi kuma suna buƙatar amincewar masu ba da shawara da likitoci ko wasu kwararru. A wasu ƙasashe-irin su Najeriya, Saudi Arabia da Pakistan-goyon bayan euthanasia mai aiki kusan babu.

## Manazarta
Wariya

**Wariya** ita ce  rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin mutane bisa ga ƙungiyoyi, ajujuwa, ko wasu nau'ikan da suke cikin su ko kuma ake ganin suna cikin su.  Ana iya nuna wariya ga mutane saboda launin fata, jinsi, shekaru, addini, nakasa, ko yanayin jima'i, da kuma wasu nau'ikan.  Wariya na faruwa musamman a lokacin da aka yi wa daidaikun mutane ko kungiyoyi rashin adalci ta hanyar da ta fi sauran mutane muni, a kan hakikaninsu ko fahimtar kasancewarsu a wasu kungiyoyi ko zamantakewa.   Ya ƙunshi ƙuntatawa membobin ƙungiya ɗaya daga dama ko gata da ke akwai ga membobin wata ƙungiya. 

Akwai al'adu, manufofi, ra'ayoyi, ayyuka da dokoki na wariya a ƙasashe da cibiyoyi da yawa a duk sassan duniya, gami da yankunan da ake kallon wariya gabaɗaya. A wasu wuraren, an yi amfani da yunƙuri irin na ƙididdiga don amfanar waɗanda aka yi imanin sun kasance a halin yanzu ko waɗanda aka yi musu wariya. Wadannan yunƙurin sau da yawa sun fuskanci cece-kuce, kuma a wasu lokuta ana kiran su nuna bambanci.

## Asalin kalma.
Kalmar *wariya* ta bayyana a farkon ƙarni na 17, a cikin harshen Ingilishi. Ya fito ne daga Latin *wariya* 'rarrabuwa tsakanin', daga fi'ili *nuna bambanci*, daga nuna *bambanci*', daga fi'ili *discernere*.  Tun lokacin yakin basasa na Amurka kalmar "wariya" gabaɗaya ta samo asali ne a cikin amfani daga kalmar Ingilishi na Amurka a matsayin fahimtar nuna kyama ga mutum dangane da jinsin su kawai, daga baya aka zama mamba a wata ƙungiyar da ba a so a cikin al'umma ko fannin zamantakewa.  Kafin wannan ma’anar kalmar ta zama kusan duniya, ma’anarta ce ta fahimta, dabara da al’adu kamar a cikin “dandano da wariya”, gaba daya sifa abin yabo; don "wariya" da ake yawan wulakanta su.  

## Ma'anoni.
Masana falsafa na ɗabi'a sun ayyana nuna bambanci ta amfani da ma'anar ɗabi'a. Ƙarƙashin wannan hanya, ana bayyana wariya a matsayin ayyuka, ayyuka, ko manufofin da ke haifar da lahani ko rashi ga mutane bisa ga kasancewarsu cikin ƙungiyar jama'a ta gari.  Wannan ma'anar kwatanta ce. Ba lallai ba ne a cutar da mutum don a nuna masa wariya. Shi ko ita kawai yana buƙatar a yi masa nuni fiye da wasu saboda wasu dalilai na son rai. Idan wani ya yanke shawarar ba da gudummawar don taimaka wa yara marayu, amma ya yanke shawarar ba da gudummawa kaɗan, a ce, ga yara baƙar fata saboda halin wariyar launin fata, zai kasance ta hanyar nuna wariya ko da kuwa a zahiri yana amfanar mutanen da yake wariya da su. sadaka musu da wasu kudi.  Har ila yau, wariya tana tasowa ta zama tushen zalunci, aikin gane wani a matsayin 'bambanta' ta yadda ake wulakanta shi da wulakanci. 

Wannan ma’anar nuna wariya mai ɗabi’a ta bambanta da ma’anar da ba ta da ɗabi’a–a cikin ta farko, nuna bambanci ba daidai ba ne ta ma’anarsa, alhali a na ƙarshe, ba haka lamarin yake ba. 

Matsayin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da wariya ya hada da bayanin: "Halayen nuna wariya suna da nau'i-nau'i iri-iri, amma duk sun ƙunshi wani nau'i na wariya ko ƙin yarda."  Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da sauran hukumomin kasa da kasa suna aiki don taimakawa kawo karshen wariya a duniya.
'Yanci

Ana fahimtar **<nowiki/>'yanci** a matsayin ko dai yana da ikon yin aiki ko canzawa ba tare da takura ba ko kuma mallaka ta iko da albarkatun don cika manufofin mutum ba tare da cikas ba. Ana danganta ’yanci da ‘yanci da cin gashin kai a ma’anar “bawa kanshi dokokinsu”, da kuma samun hakki da ‘yancin walwalar jama’a da za su yi amfani da su ba tare da tsangwama daga gwamnati ba. Ire-iren 'yancin siyasa da ake yawan magana akai sun haɗa da 'yancin taro, 'yancin yin tarayya, 'yancin zaɓe, da 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki.

A wata ma'anar, wani abu yana "kyauta" idan yana iya canzawa cikin sauƙi kuma ba a takura ba a halin yanzu. A falsafa da addini, 'yanci a wasu lokuta ana danganta shi da 'yancin zaɓe, ba tare da hani ba ko rashin adalci a kan hakan, kamar bauta. Ra'ayi ne da ke da alaƙa da manufar 'yanci mara kyau.

Charles Taylor ya warware daya daga cikin batutuwan da suka raba rayanci shine ikon cika manufofin mutum.  

## Manazarta
Bauta

**Bauta** da enslavement su ne halin zama da yanayin zaman **bawa**,   wanda shi ne wanda aka hana shi barin hidimar bawa, kuma wanda mai bautar da bawa ya dauke shi a matsayin dukiyarsa.  Bauta yawanci ta kunshi wanda aka bautar da aka sa ya yi wani nau'i na aiki yayin da kuma mai bautar ya fadi inda yake. A tarihi, sa’ad da mutane suke bauta, sau da yawa yakan faru ne saboda suna bin su bashi, sun karya doka, ko kuma sun sha kashi na soja: Tsawon lokacin bautar na iya zama na rayuwa ne, ko kuma na kayyadadden lokacin da aka ba su ’yanci. Don haka, daidaikun mutane sukan zama bayi ba da gangan ba, saboda  tilastawa, ko da yake akwai kuma bautar son rai don biyan bashi ko samun kudi don wata manufa. A cikin tarihin dan adam, bautar wani nau'in siffa ce ta wayewa,  kuma ta shari'a a yawancin al'ummomi, to amma yanzu an haramta ta a duk kasashen duniya, sai dai a matsayin hukuncin laifi.

A cikin *bautar chattel*, ana ba da bawa bisa doka ta mallaki dukiya (chattel) na mai bawa. A fannin tattalin arziki, kalmar *de facto bautar* tana kwatanta yanayin aiki mara yanci da aikin tilastawa wanda yawancin bayi ke jurewa. 

A  2019, kusan mutane miliyan 40, wadanda kashi 26 cikin dari yara ne, ana bautar da su a duk fadin duniya duk da cewa haramun ne. A cikin duniyar zamani, fiye da kashi 50 cikin 100 na bayi suna ba da aikin tilastawa, yawanci a cikin masana'antu da shagunan gumi na kamfanoni masu zaman kansu na tattalin arzikin kasa.  A cikin kasashe masu arzikin masana'antu, fataucin dan adam wani nau'in bauta ne na zamani; a kasashen da ba masu sana’a ba, bauta ta hanyar bautar bashi wani nau’i ne na bautar da mutum,  kamar bayin gida da aka kama, auren dole, da yara kanana. 

 

## Manazarta
Ahmed Hassan Barata

**Ahmed Hassan Barata** ya kasance dan siyasar Najeriya da aka zaba a matsayin dan Majalisar dattijai, mai wakiltar Adamawa ta Kudu a Adamawa,Najeriya a zaben watan Aprilu ta shekara, 2011. Ya tsaya takara a karkashin inuwan jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party (PDP).

## Siyasa
An zabi Barata a matsayin dan majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar mazabar Guyuk/Shelleng a watan Mayu ta shekarar,1999; mukamin da ya rike har zuwa watan Mayu, 2003.a kara tsayawa takara karo na biyu a mazabar shi, amma ya sha kayi a hannun James Audu Kwawo na Jam'iyyar Action Congress.

Barata yaci zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar (PDP) a shekarar 2011 na shiyar Adamawa ta Kudu.Ta samu kuri'u 738, a inda ya kada sanata mai ci Grace Folasade Bent wanda yasamu kuri'u 406. Bent, wacce ake tsammanin tasamu fifiko daga shugabannin jam'iyyar (PDP), daga bisani tayi da'awar samun nasaran lashe zaben na fidda gwani.. Duk da cewa ana akan  duba da'awarta, wani Alkali ya umarci hukumar zabe mai zaman kanta (INEC) da ta canza sunan Barata daga jerin sunayen yan takara da na Bent. Daga bisani hukumar zabe ta (INEC) tayi watsi da da'awar Bent, da kotun daukaka kara dake Abuja, da kuma mashawartan jam'iyyar (PDP).

A zaben watan Aprilu na shekarar 2011, Barata ya lashe zaben da kuri'u 101,760, akan abokin takaransa Mohammed Koiraga Jada na Jam'iyyar Action Congress of Nigeria  mai kuri'u 66,525.

## Manazarta
Bridge twum

**Bridget Twar** an haife ta  Satumbaba ranar 16 ga wata, shekarar 1966, yar siyasan Najeriya ce kuma kwamishiniyar harkokin mata da ci gaban yara a jihar Taraba, Najeriya.

## Ilimi

Twar ta yi makarantar firamare ta Ashitsa da ke Wukari a shekarar 1971 sannan ta kammala a shekarar 1978. A shekarar 1979 ta samu shiga Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati ta Mbiya ta kuma kammala a shekarar 1983. Daga nan ta wuce Adamawa State Polytechnic, Yola a 1991 inda ta samu Diploma a fannin Gudanar da Gwamnati. a 1993. Daga baya ta samu admission don karanta Public Administration a University of Abuja inda ta kammala a 2010.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An haifi Bridget Twar kuma ta girma a Gassol. Ta yi aure ta haifi 'ya'ya hudu kawai.

## Manazarta
Andrew Tate

**Emory Andrew Tate III** (an haife shi ranar 1 ga watan Disamba, a shekara ta alif dari tara da tamanin da shida 1986A.C) Dan jarida ne Dan asalin amurka  da Britaniya hon kwararren kickboxer. Bayan aikinsa na kickboxing, ya fara ba da kwasa-kwasan da aka biya da kuma zama membobin ta hanyar gidan yanar gizon sa kuma daga baya ya zama sananne a matsayin mashahurin kan layi. Sharhin sa na rashin fahimtar juna ya haifar da dakatar da shi daga shafukan sada zumunta da dama.   

## Farkon Rayuwar shi

An haipi Andrew Tate a rana ta daya, watar disamba a shekara ta 1986  a asibitin sojoji na Walter Reed. Andrew gauraye jinsi ne saboda babanshi bakin dam America ne wanda ya shara a wasan dara a kasashen waje, ita kuma maman shi mae abinchi che. Yana da kani mae suna Tristan. Ya tashi a garin Chicago, jahar Illinois da Goshen a jahar Indiana. Bayan iyayen shi sun rabu, maman shi ta dauki shi da kanin shi suka koma kasar ingila. Ya taso da addinin krista. Ya koyi yanda ake buga wasan dara a shekara biyar da haihuwa bayan haka ya fara buga wa da manya.

## Wasar Dambe
Tate ya fara yin dambe da sauran wasannin motsa jiki a cikin shekara  ta 2005, kuma ya yi aiki a masana'antar talla ta TV don tallafawa kansa. A cikin Nuwamba   

Shekara ta 2008, ya kasance na bakwai mafi kyawun kickboxer mafi nauyi a Biritaniya ta Ƙungiyar Kickboxing na Wasanni ta Duniya (ISKA). A shekara ta 2009, ya sami nasarar lashe gasar sa ta farko a lokacin da ya lashe gasar cin kofin kwallon kafa ta Burtaniya ta ISKA Full Contact Cruiserweight Championship a Derby, kuma ya kasance lamba ta daya a rukuninsa a Turai. Laƙabin kickboxing na Tate shine "King Cobra". 

A shekara ta 2011, Tate ya lashe gasar ISKA ta farko a gasar cin kofin duniya a karawar da suka yi da Jean-Luc Benoit ta hanyar bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida, inda a baya Benoit ya sha kashi da yanke shawara. A cikin shekara t 2012, Tate ya rasa gasar zakarun Enfusion zuwa Franci Grajš. Kafin rashinsa, ya kasance na biyu mafi kyawun kickboxer mai nauyi mai nauyi a duniya. A cikin shekara ta 2013, Tate ya lashe kambin ISKA na biyu na duniya a wasan zagaye na 12 da Vincent Petitjean, wanda ya sa ya zama zakaran duniya a cikin nau'ikan nauyi biyu.

## Wasan Big Broda

Tate ya zo hankalin jama'a a cikin 2016 lokacin da ya bayyana a kan nunin gaskiya na Biritaniya Big Broda, yayin jerin sa na goma sha bakwai.  Yayin da yake fitowa a shirin, an yi masa bincike kan yadda ya yi kalaman nuna kyama da nuna wariyar launin fata a Twitter. An cire shi daga wasan kwaikwayon bayan kwanaki shida, tare da furodusoshi sun ambaci wani faifan bidiyo da ya nuna yana bugun wata mata da bel. Tate da matar sun ce abokan juna ne kuma abin da aka yi a cikin faifan bidiyon yarjejeniya ne. Daga baya Vice ya ruwaito cewa binciken da ‘yan sanda ke ci gaba da yi ne ya sa aka cire shi, wanda aka rufe a shekara ta 2019 ba tare da an gurfanar da shi a gaban kotu ba.

## Manazarta
Anthony Youdeowei

**Anthony Youdeowei** (an haifeshi a shekara ta alif 1937A.c) farfesa ne a fannin ilimin noma a Najeriya. Ya kasance mai riƙon muƙamin mataimakin shugaban ƙasa, shugaba kuma shugaban zartarwa a gidan buga littattafai na Jami’ar Ibadan. Shi ɗan'uwa ne wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Afirka da Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Duniya.     

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Youdeowei a ranar 7 ga watan Afrilun 1937 a Abari, Jihar Delta, Najeriya. Ya yi digirinsa na farko a fannin ilmin dabbobi a Kwalejin Jami'ar Ibadan (yanzu Jami'ar Ibadan) a shekarar 1962 sannan ya yi digirin digirgir a fannin noma a shekarar 1967 daga Jami'ar Landan. 

## Sana'a

### Aikin ilimi
Youdeowei ya zama malami a Sashen Nazarin Halittar Noma a shekarar 1973 kuma Farfesa a shekarar 1990. A lokacin aikinsa na karatu, ya kasance shugaban Sashen nazarin halittun noma, shugaban tsangayar aikin gona da gandun daji, mataimakin shugaban riƙo da babban darakta na gidan buga littattafai na jami’ar Ibadan.   

### Sana'ar kimiyya
Youdeowei ya shiga ƙungiyar bunƙasa noman shinkafa ta Afirka ta Yamma (WARDA, yanzu Afirka Rice) da ke Bouaké a ƙasar Ivory Coast a matsayin Darakta na horarwa da sadarwa. A cikin shekarar 1997, ya koma Ofishin Yanki na Afirka na Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Noma ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (FAO) da ke Accra, Ghana, a matsayin Babban Mashawarci Babban Jami'in Kula da ƙwari. Ya zama memba na Majalisar Gudanarwa na ICIPE, Cibiyar Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Ƙwari ta Duniya da Ilimin Halitta na Nairobi, Kenya a cikin shekarar 2010.   

## Manazarta
Kundin Tsarin Mulki

Kundin **tsarin mulki** shine jimillar ka'idodi na asali ko kafaffen abubuwan da suka zama tushen doka na wata hukuma, gungiya ko wani nau'in mahalli kuma galibi suna da ƙayyadaddun yadda za'a gudanar da wannan ƙungiya. 

Lokacin da aka rubuta wadannan ka'idodin cikin takarda daya ko saitin takaddun doka, ana iya cewa wadannan takaddun *sun gunshi rubutaccen tsarin mulki*; idan an hada su a cikin cikakken takarda guda daya, an ce ya *gunshi kundin tsarin mulki*. Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Burtaniya babban misali ne na *kundin tsarin mulkin* da ba a canza shi ba; A maimakon haka an rubuta shi a cikin muhimman Ayyukan majalisa, shari'o'in kotu ko yarjejeniyoyin. 

Kundin tsarin mulki ya shafi matakai daban-daban na kungiyoyi, daga kasashe masu iko zuwa kamfanoni da gungiyoyin da ba su da hadin gwiwa. Yarjejeniyar da ta kafa kungiya ta duniya ita ma kundin tsarin mulkinta ce, ta yadda za ta ayyana yadda kungiyar ta kasance. A cikin jihohi, tsarin mulki yana bayyana ka'idodin da ƙasa ta dogara da su, tsarin da aka kafa dokoki da kuma ta wa. Wasu kundin tsarin mulki, musamman na kundin tsarin mulki, suma suna aiki ne a matsayin masu takaita ikon gwamnati, ta hanyar kafa layukan da masu mulkin jaha ba za su iya ketare su ba, kamar hakkoki na asali.

Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Indiya shine mafi dadewa rubutaccen tsarin mulki na kowace kasa a duniya,  yana da kalmomi (146,385)  a cikin harshen Ingilishi,  yayin da Tsarin Mulkin Monaco shine mafi guntu rubutaccen tsarin mulki tare da kalmomi (3,814).   Kundin Tsarin Mulki na San Marino na iya zama kundin tsarin mulkin da aka rubuta mafi tsufa a duniya, tunda wasu muhimman takaddunsa suna aiki tun (1600) yayin da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka shine mafi tsufa  tsarin aiki. Tsawon rayuwar tarihi na kundin tsarin mulki tun (1789) kusan shekaru (19)ne. 

## Asalin kalma
Kalmar *tsarin mulki* ta zo ta hanyar kalmar Faransanci da kuma kalmar Latin *constitutio*, da aka yi amfani da ita don ka'idoji da umarni, kamar dokokin mulkin mallaka (*constitutiones principis*: edicta, mandata, decreta, rescripta).  Daga baya, an yi amfani da kalmar sosai a cikin dokar canon don yanke shawara mai mahimmanci, musamman dokar da Paparoma ya bayar, wanda yanzu ake magana da shi a matsayin *tsarin mulkin manzanni*.

William Blackstone ya yi amfani da kalmar don gagarumin cin zarafi na amanar jama'a, na yanayi da kuma iyakar cewa ketare zai ba da hujjar mayar da martani na juyin juya hali. Kalmar kamar yadda Blackstone ya yi amfani da ita ba don rubutun doka ba ne, kuma bai yi niyyar hadawa da ra'ayi na baya-bayan nan na Amurka game da bitar shari'a ba: "domin wannan shine ya sanya ikon shari'a fiye da na majalisa, wanda zai zama mai rushe dukkanin gwamnati".

## siffofin game gari

## Tarihi da kuma habaka

## Ka'idojin hada kundin Tsarin mulki

## Hotuna

File:2017_Constitution_of_North_Korea.png|2017 Constitution of North Korea
File:1964_Congo_Constitution_-_Page_1.JPG|1964 Congo Constitution - Page 1


## Manazarta
John B. Goodenough

**John Bannister Goodenough** (an haife shi 25, 1922) farfesan Amurka ne ƙwararre a fannin solid-state physicist. A yan su shi ƙwararre ne a injiniyanci da kayayyakin kimiyya a injiniyanci da kayayyakin kimiyya a Jami'ar Texas a Auri . An san shi a aikin sa na ƙirƙirar  lithium-ion battery, Wanda ake amfani da shi a wayoyin salula musamman samfurin iphones. 

## Sana'a

A cikin 2014, ya ci lambar yabo ta Charles Stark Draper don ayyukansa zuwa baturin lithium-ion.  A cikin 2019, an ba shi kyautar Nobel a Chemistry tare da M. Stanley Whittingham da Akira Yoshino . Yana da shekaru 97, shi ne mutum mafi tsufa da ya ci kyautar Nobel.  Sauran ayyukansa kuma suna mayar da hankali kan fannin maganadisu .

Tun 1986, Goodenough ya kasance Farfesa a Jami'ar Texas a Austin .  A lokacin da ya yi a can, ya yi aiki a kan bincike a kan ionic gudanar da daskararru da electrochemical na'urorin. Ya so ya yi nazari don gyara kayan don batura don taimakawa ƙirƙirar motocin lantarki da taimakawa kawo ƙarshen amfani da mai.  Goodenough ya gano nau'in polyanion na cathodes.    Sun nuna cewa ingantattun na'urorin lantarki suna da polyanions, sulfates, suna haifar da ƙarfin lantarki mafi girma fiye da oxides saboda tasirin inductive na polyanion. 

A cikin 2011, Goodenough ya sami lambar yabo ta Kimiyya ta ƙasa ta Shugaba Barack Obama .

## Rayuwa ta sirri

An haifi Goodenough a Jena, Jamus, ga iyayen Amurkawa. A lokacin da kuma bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Yale, Goodenough ya kasance masanin yanayi na sojan Amurka a yaƙin duniya na biyu . Ya samu Ph.D. a fannin kimiyyar lissafi daga Jami'ar Chicago . Ya zama mai bincike a MIT Lincoln Laboratory, kuma daga baya shugaban dakin gwaje- gwajen sunadarai na Inorganic a Jami'ar Oxford .

## Nassoshi
Kafa

*Kafa kuma sunan raka'a ne.* *Duba kafa (raka'a) .*

**Rubutu mai gwani**

Ƙafa ( ƙa**fa** kaya, ƙ*afa* biyu ko fiye **)** wani ɓangaren jiki ne a ƙarshen ƙafa . Ana amfani dashi lokacin tafiya. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci don daidaitawa: yana taimaka wa mutane su tsaya tsaye. Mutane kuma suna amfani da shi don harba, a duka fada da wasanni, ƙwallon kafa misali ne.

Hannun mutane da ƙafafu suna da siffa ɗaya: dukansu suna da *yatsu* biyar (yatsu da yatsu). Yawancin sauran dabbobi masu ƙashin bayasuma suna da yatsu biyar. Ɓangaren ƙafar da ke haɗa ta da ƙafar ana kiransa *diddige* . Ana kiran ƙasan ƙafar *tafin ƙafa* .

Yawancin masu ƙashin bayan kasa suna da ƙafafu, kuma akwai nau'ikan ƙafafu iri-iri. ƙafafun birai suna da yawa kamar hannu. Ƙafar mara nauyi ce kofato . Lokacin da dabba yana da ƙafafu masu laushi, ko ƙafafu masu laushi a ƙasa, ana kiranta *paw* . Yawancin invertebrates kuma suna da ƙafafu.

Mutane da yawa suna amfani da takalma don kare kansu daga cutuwa da wani Abu daza su taka ko yanayi da datti . Akwai nau'ikan takalma iri-iri, misali *takalma*, na fata ko na roba *takalma*, da *takalma* . Lokacin da mutane ba susan cire takalma ba, musamman a wurare masu zafi ko kuma lokacin da suke aiki sosai, ƙafafu suna iya jin wari mara kyau ( warin ƙ*afa).* Sanya takalma masu girma ko ƙanana na iya zama mummunan ga ƙafafu, yana haifar da blisters. Mutanen da ke da matsalolin ƙafa, ƙafa, da baya kuma suna iya samun taimako daga takalma na musamman.

Mutane suna da al'adu daban-daban a sassa daban-daban na duniya don lokacin sanya takalma. Alal misali, a ƙasashe da yawa, yawanci ba sa sa takalma ko takalma a cikin gida. A Amurka mutane sukan sanya takalma a cikin gida. A Japan, mutane ba sa sa takalma a cikin gidaje, kuma sau da yawa ana yin benaye da abubuwa masu laushi. A Japan kuma yana da mahimmanci a kiyaye benaye masu tsabta. A cikin al'adun da mutane koyaushe suke sanya takalma, wasu lokuta mutane suna tunanin cewa ba shi da kyau a saka su. Rashin sanya takalma na iya zama mai kyau ga ƙafafu, musamman ma idan sun lalace.

Yanayi kamar ƙafar dan wasa suna shafar ƙafafu, yana haifar da bushewa da fashe ƙafafu. Likitocin da ke aiki da ƙafafun mutane su ne masu *aikin motsa* jiki ko masu aikin *jinya* .

## Ƙasusuwa
Rabin ƙasusuwan jikin mutum suna cikin ƙafa. Akwai ƙashi kamar guda ashirin da shida (26) a wurin. Su ne phalanges 14 ( yatsun ƙafa ), 5 metatarsals (babban ƙafa), da kuma 7 tarsals (ƙashin idon sawu ).

## Manazarta
Jamie Hendry

**Jamie Hendry** (an haifeshi ranar 24 ga watan Yuli, 1985) a birnin London, Ingila. Babban jami'in wasan kwaikwayo ne na Burtaniya, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma furodusa.

## Ilimi
Ya halarci makarantar (Paul's School (London)) A 2006, James Hendry yayi karatu daga jami'ar, Warwick University.

## Sana'a
Shekaru kadan bayan kammala karatunsa (James Hendry) ya kafa Jamie Hendry Productions a cikin 2008 bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar furodusa a West End da Broadway. Ayyukan da ya yi aiki da su sun haɗa da Olivier Award-winning Legally Blonde: The Musical, Let It Be and La Cage aux Folles (2008 West End revival) da manny nore.

A cikin shekara ta 2010, James Hendry yana cikin mutanen da suka zaɓa don The Independent da The Hospital Club 100 mafi tasiri a cikin masana'antu na ƙirƙira. A cikin 2011, James Hendry ya sanar da haɓaka sabon daidaitawar kiɗan The Wind in the Willows tare da littafin Julian Fellowes da kiɗa da waƙoƙin George Stiles da Anthony Drewe. wanda ya ci gaba da tara fam miliyan 1 ta hanyar hada-hadar jama'a ta kan layi. An ci gaba da buɗe kayan aikin a Palladium na London a cikin 2017 kuma an nuna shi a gidajen sinima a duk faɗin Burtaniya. A cikin 2014  da kuma a cikin 2017, Hendry ya kasance cikin manyan dillalai masu tasiri na 100 a cikin masana'antar wasan kwaikwayo ta Burtaniya.

## Nasara

### The Peter Hepple Award for best Musical
2008  LA Cage aux Folles

2009  Spring Awakening

#### Best new Musical
2009 La cage aux Follea

2010 Spring Awakening

2011 Legally Blonde

## Manazarta
Legally Blonde

**Legally Blonde** ƙungiya ce (Ƙungiyar kiɗa) an gabatar da ita a cikin shekara ta 2007 tare da Kiɗa da (waƙoƙi) sannan kuma tana hulɗa da Novel.

## Wakoki
# Blood in the water
# Omigod you guys
# What you want 
# Lagally Blonde 
# So much better  
# Kyle the Magnificent.  

## Manazarta
Rubutun Adlam

**Rubutun Adlam** rubutu ne da ake amfani da shi wajen rubuta Fulani. Sunan *Adlam* wani *acrony Ayoyin acrony Vervid*  an kuma samo shi daga haruffa huɗu na farko na haruffa (A, D, L, M), wanda ke nufin "haruffa masu kare al'umma daga bacewa". Yana kuma ɗaya daga cikin yawancin rubutukan asali da aka haɓaka takamaiman don yaren harsuna a Yammacin Afirka.

Ana tallafawa Adlam a cikin tsarin aiki na Android da Chrome na Google. Akwai kuma Application na Android don aika saƙonnin wata a Adlam kuma don koyon haruffa.  A kan kwamfutocin da ke aiki da Microsoft Windows, akwai rubutun Adlam tun daga Windows 10 a sigar 1903, wanda aka saki a watan Mayu 2019. A kan macOS, Rubutun Adlam an sami goyan bayan asali daga Ventura a cikin 2022.

## Ci gaba

Yayin da matasa a ƙarshen shekarun 1980, ƴan'uwa biyu Ibrahima da Abdullahi Barry suka tsara rubutun haruffa don rubuta harshen Fulatanci. Everson, Michael (28 October 2014). Bayan shekaru da yawa na ci gaban ta ya fara karɓuwa a tsakanin al'ummomin Fulani, kuma a halin yanzu ana koyar da shi ba kawai a yankin Guinea, Najeriya, da Laberiya ba har ma da Turai da Amurka.

## Wasika
Adlam yana da duka manya da ƙananan haruffa. An rubuta su daga dama zuwa hagu. 

Yawanci ana samun haruffan ko dai an haɗa su da Larabci ko kuma a rarrabe, nau'in haɗakarwa ana amfani da su ta hanyar lanƙwasa ; duk da haka, ana amfani da nau'ikan daban ko toshe kuma ana amfani da su azaman farko don abun ciki na ilimi. 

## Littattafai
Adlam yana da nau'ikan yaruka masu yawa . Ana amfani da gyare-gyaren "consonant" don samun ƙarin baƙaƙe, galibi daga Larabci, kama da misali s > š a rubutun Latin.

Amfani da mai gyara baƙi:

Amfani da ɗigo domin maye gurbin harufan da aka aro daga larabci:

Amfani da ɗigo a harufan gida:

## Lambobi
Ba kamar rubutun Larabci ba, lambobin Adlam suna tafiya iri ɗaya (dama zuwa hagu) kamar haruffa, kamar yadda yake a cikin rubutun N'Ko .

## Alamun rubutu
Alamun Adlam kamar Mutanen Espanya ne domin akwai nau'ikan farko da na ƙarshe na alamar tambaya da alamar motsin rai, waɗanda aka sanya kafin da bayan jumla ko magana ko magana.

Ana amfani da saƙar don karya kalmar, kuma akwai duka bakan gizo da baƙar fata biyu.

## Unicode
An ƙara haruffan Adlam zuwa Matsayin Unicode a watan Yuni 2016 tare da sakin sigar 9.0. Toshe Unicode na Adlam shine U+1E900–U+1E95F:

## Nassoshi
Iyanya

**Iyanya Onoyom Mbuk,** (An haife shi a ranar 31 ga watan Oktoban 1986), anfi saninsa da sunansa na waka **Iyanya**, ɗan Najeriya ne mai mawaki na salon Afropop.

## Sana'a

Ya yi suna bayan ya lashe kakar farko na *Project Fame West Africa* kuma an fi saninsa da wakarsa mai suna " Kukere ".  Yana da hannu wajen kafa kamfanin wakoki wato Made Men Music Group tare da Ubi Franklin a shekarar 2011. Ya fito da kundinsa na farko na studiyo a shekara ta 2011. Kundin ta hada da wakoki kamar "No time" da "Love Truly". *Desire*, kundinsa na studio na biyu, ya ƙunshi wakoki guda biyar: "Kukere", " Ur Waist ", "Flavor", " Sexy Mama ", da " Jombolo". Ya lashe lambar yabo ta Artist of the Year a Headies 2013. A cikin watan Oktoban 2016, Iyanya ya sanar a kan shafinsa na Instagram cewa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar waka tare da Mavin Records. Bayan 'yan watanni kafin, ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar gudanarwa tare da Kamfanin Gudanar da Haikali. Ya fara bayyana aniyarsa ta barin Made Men Music Group a cikin Yuli 2016. 

## Ƙuruciya da ilimi
An haifi Iyanya a unguwar Palm a garin Calabar a jihar Cross River.  Mahaifiyarsa ita ce shugaban makaranta ce  kuma mahaifinsa ma'aikacin gandun daji ne. Iyanya ya bayyana mahaifiyarsa a matsayin mai horo a gida, yayin da mahaifinsa ya kasance mai tausayi. Iyayensa duka sun mutu a shekara ta 2008, kuma ƙanensa ya mutu a lokacin shima. Kakan Iyanya limamin coci ne inda Iyanya ya rera waka a cikin mawakan cocinsa kuma shi ne shugaban mawaka na yara lokacin yana dan shekara biyar.

Mbuk ya kammala karatunsa na firamare da sakandare da jami'a a Calabar. Ya kammala karatunsa a fannun kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Calabar.

## Lambobin yabo

## Manazarta
Yaƙi

* Batt (sunan mahaifi) 
* Batt O'Keeffe (an haife shi a shekara ta 1945), ɗan siyasan Ireland
* Sunan da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da mai zane-zane na Ingila, Oswald Barrett (1892-1945) ya yi amfani da shi

## Masana'antu

* Batt (rufin gini), wani nau'i na kayan aikin ginin thermal
* Batting (kayan aiki), ɓangarorin masana'anta ko fiber da aka yi amfani da su don cikawa

## Sauran amfani

* BATT (ƙwararriyar kokawa) (Bad Ass Translate Trading), ƙwararriyar barga ta kokawa gwagwarmayara
* Batt Reef, wani murjani daga Port Douglas, Queensland, Australia
* *Harry Batt*, shirin talabijin na Turanci
* The Batt, jaridar dalibai ta Jami'ar Texas AM