Mai tsabtace carbon dioxide

A carbon dioxide scrubber wani kayan aiki ne wanda ke shan carbon dioxide (CO2). Ana amfani da shi don magance iskar gas daga tsire-tsire na masana'antu ko daga iska mai iska a cikin tsarin tallafin rayuwa kamar rebreathers ko a cikin jirgin sama, jirgin ruwa mai nutsewa ko ɗakunan iska. Ana amfani da masu tsabtace carbon dioxide a cikin ajiyar yanayi (CA) da kuma kama carbon da kuma adanawa.

## Tsabtace amin
Amine scrubbers suna amfani da 2" href="./Amine" id="mwHQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Amine">amines daban-daban, misali monoethanolamine. Maganin sanyi na waɗannan mahadi na kwayoyin halitta suna ɗaure CO2, amma ana juyar da ɗaurewa a yanayin zafi mafi girma:

: CO2 + 2 HOCH2CH2NH2 S2CH2H+3 + HOCH2CH2NHCO−2-2

Ya zuwa shekara ta 2009, an aiwatar da wannan fasahar ne kawai a cikin tashoshin wutar lantarki na kwal saboda farashin kudade na shigar da kayan aiki da farashin aiki na amfani da shi. Koyaya, an yi amfani da fasahar a matsayin babban ɓangare na kula da yanayi a cikin jiragen ruwa na nukiliya tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1950.

## Ma'adanai da zeolits
Yawancin ma'adanai da kayan ma'adinai masu kama da ma'adinai suna sake ɗaure CO 2 .  Mafi sau da yawa, waɗannan ma'adanai sune oxides ko hydroxides, kuma sau da yawa CO 2 an ɗaure su azaman carbonate. Carbon dioxide yana amsawa da sauri (calcium oxide) don samar da farar ƙasa ( calcium carbonate ),  a cikin tsari da ake kira carbonate looping . Sauran ma'adanai sun haɗa da serpentinite, magnesium silicate hydroxide, da olivine .   Sives na kwayoyin halitta kuma suna aiki a cikin wannan ƙarfin.

An ba da shawarar matakai daban-daban na gogewa (cyclical) don cire CO 2 daga iska ko daga iskar hayaƙi kuma a sake su a cikin yanayi mai sarrafawa, maido da wakili mai gogewa. Waɗannan yawanci sun ƙunshi amfani da bambance-bambancen tsarin Kraft wanda ƙila ya dogara da sodium hydroxide .   CO 2 yana shiga cikin irin wannan bayani, yana canjawa zuwa lemun tsami (ta hanyar tsarin da ake kira causticization) kuma an sake sake shi ta hanyar amfani da kiln . Tare da wasu gyare-gyare ga hanyoyin da ake da su (yawanci canzawa zuwa kiln oxygen-kore  ) sakamakon abin da ya haifar ya zama rafi mai mahimmanci na CO 2, shirye don ajiya ko amfani da man fetur. Madadin wannan tsarin sinadarai mai zafi shine lantarki wanda ke fitar da CO 2 ta hanyar lantarki na maganin carbonate.  Yayin da ya fi sauƙi, wannan tsarin lantarki yana cin makamashi mai yawa a matsayin electrolysis, kuma yana raba ruwa . Farkon abubuwan da suka faru na kama CO 2 mai motsa muhalli sun yi amfani da wutar lantarki azaman tushen makamashi don haka sun dogara da makamashin kore. Wasu tsarin kamawar CO 2 na thermal suna amfani da zafi da aka samar akan rukunin yanar gizon, wanda ke rage gazawar da ke haifar da samar da wutar lantarki a waje, amma har yanzu yana buƙatar tushen (kore) zafi, wanda ikon nukiliya ko ƙarfin hasken rana zai iya samarwa. 

### Hydroxide na sodium
Zeman da Lackner sun tsara takamaiman hanyar kama iska.

Na farko, CO2 yana shanyewa ta hanyar maganin alkaline NaOH don samar da narkewar sodium carbonate. Halin sha shine ruwan gas, mai karfi, a nan:

: 2 (aq) + CO2 (g) → Na2CO3 (aq) /  (l)  

: Na2CO3 (aq) + Ca (OH) 2 (s) → 2NaOH (aq) / CaCO3 (s) 

: ΔH° = -114.7 kJ/mol

Ana yin causticization a ko'ina a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara da masana'antar takarda kuma a hankali yana canja kashi 94% na ions carbonate daga sodium zuwa ƙwayar calcium.  Daga baya, ana tace sinadarin calcium carbonate precipitate daga bayani kuma ya bazu da zafi don samar da iskar CO 2 . Sakamakon calcination shine kawai maganin endothermic a cikin tsari kuma ana nunawa anan:

: CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g)

: ΔH° = +179.2 kJ/mol

Ana yin lalacewar zafi na calcite a cikin murhu mai laushi da aka ƙone da iskar oxygen don kauce wa ƙarin matakin rabuwa da gas. Hydration na lime (CaO) ya kammala sake zagayowar. Rashin ruwa na Lime shine amsawar exothermic wanda za'a iya yi da ruwa ko tururi. Yin amfani da ruwa, yana da ruwa / m kamar yadda aka nuna a nan:

: CaO (s) +  (l) → Ca (OH) 2 (s)  

: ΔH° = -64.5 kJ/mol

### Hydroxide na lithium
Sauran tushe masu ƙarfi kamar soda lime, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, da lithium hydroxde suna iya cire carbon dioxide ta hanyar amsawa da shi. Musamman, an yi amfani da lithium hydroxide a cikin Jirgin sararin samaniya, kamar a cikin Shirin Apollo, don cire carbon dioxide daga yanayi. Yana amsawa tare da carbon dioxide don samar da lithium carbonate. Kwanan nan an daidaita fasahar sinadarin lithium hydroxide don amfani a cikin injunan anesthesia. Injin anesthesia waɗanda ke ba da tallafin rayuwa da wakilai masu numfashi yayin tiyata yawanci suna amfani da kewayon rufewa wanda ke buƙatar cire carbon dioxide da mai haƙuri ya numfashi. Lithium hydroxide na iya ba da wasu aminci da fa'idodi masu sauƙi akan tsofaffin samfuran calcium.

: 2 LiOH (s) + 2  (g) → 2 LiOH· H2O  
: 2 LiOH·  (s) + CO2 (g) → Li2CO3 (s) / 3 H2O  

Sakamakon ci gaba shine:

: 2 (s) + CO2 (g) → Li2CO3 (s) /  (g)  

Hakanan ana iya amfani da peroxide na lithium yayin da yake shan ƙarin CO2 a kowace nauyin raka'a tare da ƙarin fa'idar sakin iskar oxygen.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan lithium orthosilicate ya ja hankalin mutane sosai game da kama CO2, da kuma adana makamashi. Wannan kayan yana ba da fa'idodi masu yawa ko da yake yana buƙatar yanayin zafi mai yawa don samar da carbonate don faruwa.

## Tsarin cire carbon dioxide mai sabuntawa
Na'urar kawar da carbon dioxide mai sabuntawa (RCRS) akan sararin samaniyar sararin samaniya ya yi amfani da tsarin gadaje biyu wanda ke ba da ci gaba da cire carbon dioxide ba tare da samfuran kashewa ba. Na'urorin da aka sabunta sun ba da damar jigilar jigilar kayayyaki ta daɗe a sararin samaniya ba tare da sake cika gwangwani na sorbent ba. Tsofaffin tsarin lithium hydroxide (LiOH), waɗanda ba za a iya sabuntawa ba, an maye gurbinsu da tsarin tushen ƙarfe - oxide . Tsarin da ya dogara da ƙarfe oxide da farko ya ƙunshi gwangwani mai sorbent na ƙarfe oxide da taron mai sabuntawa. Ya yi aiki ta hanyar cire carbon dioxide ta amfani da kayan sorbent sannan kuma ya sake farfado da kayan sorbent. An sabunta gwangwanin sorbent na ƙarfe-oxide ta hanyar zub da iska a kusan  ta hanyarsa a daidaitaccen ƙimar  10 hours. 

## Carbon mai kunnawa
Ana iya amfani da carbon da aka kunna azaman gogewar carbon dioxide. Ana iya hura iska tare da babban abun ciki na carbon dioxide, kamar iska daga wuraren ajiyar 'ya'yan itace, ta cikin gadaje na carbon da aka kunna kuma carbon dioxide zai manne da carbon da aka kunna [adsorption]. Da zarar gadon ya cika dole ne a “sake haɓakawa” ta hanyar hura iska mai ƙarancin iskar carbon dioxide, kamar iskar yanayi, ta cikin gado. Wannan zai saki carbon dioxide daga gado, kuma za'a iya amfani dashi don sake gogewa, barin adadin carbon dioxide a cikin iska daidai da lokacin da aka fara aikin.

## Tsarin ƙarfe-organic (MOFs)
Ƙarfe-kwayoyin halitta an yi nazari da kyau don kama carbon dioxide da rarraba ta hanyar adsorption .  Babu babbar fasahar kasuwanci da ta wanzu.  A cikin saitin gwaje-gwaje guda ɗaya MOFs sun sami damar raba 90% na CO 2 daga rafin iskar gas ta amfani da tsarin motsi na matsa lamba. An kiyasta farashin makamashi zai karu da 65% idan an yi amfani da MOFs tare da karuwa na 81% don amines a matsayin wakilin kamawa. 

## Katin iska mai tsawo
Katin iska mai tsawo (EAC) shine kayan aiki ko nau'in canister mai amfani guda ɗaya wanda za'a iya sanya shi cikin ramin mai karɓa a cikin rebreather da aka tsara da ya dace.

## Sauran hanyoyin
An tattauna wasu hanyoyin da kayan aiki da yawa don share carbon dioxide.

## Manazarta