Likitoci don Alhaki na zamantakewa

**Likitoci don Alhaki na Jama'a** (PSR) ƙungiyar likitoci ce a Amurka tana aiki don kare jama'a daga barazanar yaduwar makaman nukiliya, canjin yanayi, da gubobi na muhalli. Yana samarwa da yada wallafe-wallafe, yana ba da horo na musamman, yana ba da shaida a rubuce da ta baki ga majalisa, gudanar da tambayoyin kafofin watsa labaru, da ba da ƙwararru da ilimin jama'a. Membobin PSR da masu fafutuka na e-aiki, surori na jihohi da na gida, surori na ɗalibai, da ma'aikatan ƙasa sun kafa cibiyar sadarwa ta ƙasa baki ɗaya waɗanda ke yin niyya ga abin da suke la'akari da barazanar rayuwa ta duniya, musamman yaƙin nukiliya, yaduwar makaman nukiliya, ɗumamar duniya, da lalata muhalli.

## Tarihin kungiya
An kafa PSR a Boston a cikin 1961 ta ƙungiyar likitocin da suka damu game da haɗarin lafiyar jama'a da ke da alaƙa da gwaji, tarawa da amfani da makaman nukiliya. Drs. Bernard Lown, Victor W. Sidel, Sidney Alexander, H. Jack Geiger, Alexander Leaf, Charles Magraw, George Saxton, Robert Goldwyn, da Bernard Leon Winter (1921-1985) sun kasance daga cikin ƙungiyar likitocin da suka kafa. Rahoton farko na PSR ya bayyana ainihin sakamakon ɗan adam, na zahiri, zamantakewa da muhalli na yaƙin nukiliya. PSR ya saba da gwajin nukiliya na yanayi ta hanyar yin rikodin kasancewar gwajin samfurin strontium-90 a cikin haƙoran yara.

## Haihuwar PSR a ƙarshen 1970s
Ya zuwa 1973 ƙungiyar ba ta aiki kuma a sakamakon haka ta daina wanzuwa. A cikin 1978, Arnold Relman, editan lokacin ne ya tambayi Helen Caldicott, MD don rubuta wata kasida ga NEJM kan haɗarin likita na makamashin nukiliya. Daga baya wata matashiya mai horo daga asibitin Cambridge City a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Yara ta Yara inda ta yi aiki a sashin cystic fibrosis, don neman wasu takardu masu dacewa kan ikon nukiliya. Bayan tattaunawa da shi, Caldicott ya ce - kun san wannan batu ne na likita, bari mu fara kungiyar likitoci. Taron farko da aka yi bayan mako guda a gidan Helen na Boston da Bill Caldicott tare da likitoci da dama da suka halarta ciki har da wanda ya kasance magatakarda na tsohuwar PSR, Richard Feinbloom. Feinbloom ya ba da shawarar cewa maimakon damuwa don haɗa sabuwar ƙungiya a cikin jihar Massachusetts, ƙungiyar ta ɗauki sunan tsohuwar sannan kuma ta daina amfani da Likitoci don Kula da Jama'a da amfani da shi. Sun yi.

Wannan sabuwar ƙungiyar da aka sabunta ta tashi ba da daɗewa ba. Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan farko na ƙungiyar shine sanya talla a cikin New England Journal of Medicine yana bayyana abin da suke ɗauka a matsayin tasirin likita na makamashin nukiliya. An buga tallan cikin nutsuwa washegarin bayan Tsibirin Mile Uku ya narke yana jawo sabbin mambobi 500. Sama da shekaru biyar sabuwar PSR ta dauki membobin likitoci 23,000 kuma ta tsara kusan surori 153 a cikin Amurka. Caldicott ta yi murabus a matsayin shugabar PSR daga 1978 har zuwa 1984 lokacin da ta yi murabus. Dr Caldicott ya yi balaguro sosai kuma ya kafa ƙungiyoyin likitoci iri ɗaya a wasu ƙasashe ciki har da Ingila, Ireland, Scotland, Japan, New Zealand, Kanada, Holland, Jamus, Belgium, Scandinavia, da Ostiraliya.

## Kafa Likitocin Duniya don Rigakafin Yaƙin Nukiliya (IPPNW)
Ayyukan PSR don ilmantar da jama'a game da haɗari na yakin nukiliya ya girma a cikin motsi na kasa da kasa tare da kafa likitoci na kasa da kasa don rigakafin yakin nukiliya a 1980. A cikin 1980 Bernard Lown ya kafa, tare da Evgeni Chazov na Tarayyar Soviet, IPPNW, tare da PSR a matsayin haɗin gwiwar Amurka da kuma ci gaba da ci gaba a cikin sauran al'ummomi na ilimi a cikin wannan nau'i na ilimi. A matsayin haɗin gwiwar Amurka na wannan cibiyar sadarwar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun duniya, PSR ta raba a cikin 1985 Nobel Peace Prize da aka baiwa IPPNW "don yada bayanai masu iko da kuma samar da wayar da kan jama'a game da mummunan sakamakon yakin atomic."

## PSR yau
A yau, shirin tsaro na PSR yana aiki don inganta tsarin manufofin ƙasa da yanke shawara game da makaman nukiliya da fasaha ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun kiwon lafiya da ƙwararrun ƴan ƙasa masu aiki da damuwa. PSR ta bayyana duka barazanar kiwon lafiya da barazanar tsaro da makaman nukiliya ke haifarwa, da kuma mahimmancin aiwatar da sabbin hanyoyin rage dogaron Amurka kan makaman nukiliya a manufofin tsaron kasa. PSR tana aiki don jagorantar Amurka zuwa ƙarshen kawar da makaman nukiliya.

## Manazarta