open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Atelopus nahumae

***Atelopus nahumae*** (**San Lorenzo harlequin frog**) wani nau'in tukunya ne a cikin dangin Bufonidae . Yana da iyaka a Colombia kuma an san shi ne kawai daga gandun daji mai laushi na Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta a cikin Sashen Magdalena, La Guajira, da Cesar.  

## Bayyanawa
Manya maza suna auna 32 zuwa 37  in) kuma mata 45-51  in) a tsawon hanci. Kunnen yana da acuminate ko sub-acuminate. Ba a samun murfin murya ba. yatsunsu suna da alamun basal webbing yayin da yatsunsu suka cika (ƙafar ƙafa na I zuwa III) zuwa wani ɓangare na webbed (ƙafar hannu na IV). Fata tana da santsi a baya amma tana ɗauke da granules, ƙananan tubers, da ƙananan warts. Launi na baya yana da duhu ko launin ruwan kasa, tare da namu ba tare da tabo ba. Akwai alamar X mai launin ruwan kasa  yankin sama. Wasu samfurori suna da layin tsakiya mai launin ruwan kasa.

## Gida da kiyayewa
*Atelopus nahumae* yana zaune a cikin gandun daji na sub-Andean a tsawo na 1,900-2,800 m (6,200-9,200  sama da matakin teku. Hakanan ana iya samun sa a cikin gandun daji na biyu da gandun daji. Tsire-tsire suna faruwa a cikin rafi.

Wannan nau'in an san shi ne kawai daga wurare huɗu. Ƙungiyoyin suna bayyana sosai, tare da kusa, wurin zama mai dacewa ba tare da zama ba. Yana iya fuskantar barazanar Chitridiomycosis (ko da yake tun daga shekara ta 2014, ba a gano cutar a Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta ba) da kuma asarar mazaunin da aikin gona da katako suka haifar. Wadannan nau'o'in suna faruwa a cikin Parque Nacional Natural Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta da kuma kusa da El Dorado Nature Reserve. 

## Manazarta
Jafrul Musulunci Chowdhury

Jafrul Islam Chowdhury (14 ga Oktoba 1950 - 8 ga Nuwamba 2022)  ya kasance ɗan siyasan Bangladesh na Jam'iyyar Nationalist Party kuma memba na Jatiya Sangsad na tsawon shekaru huɗu wanda ke wakiltar mazabar Chittagong-15.  Ya yi aiki a matsayin ministan jihar na ma'aikatar gandun daji da muhalli a cikin majalisar ministocin Khaleda ta biyu a lokacin 2001-2006.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Chowdhury a ranar 14 ga Oktoba 1950. Ya kammala karatun digiri na farko a harkokin kasuwanci.

Chowdhury ya yi aiki a matsayin ministan muhalli da gandun daji a majalisar ministocin Khaleda ta biyu.  An zabi shi daga Jam'iyyar Bangladesh Nationalist a Chittagong-15 don Babban zaben Bangladesh na 2008.  A watan Yunin shekara ta 2009, ya zama Babban Mai Taron Jam'iyyar Bangladesh ta Kudu. A shekara ta 2010, ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban gundumar Chittagong ta kudu na Jam'iyyar Nationalist Party ta Bangladesh .  Shi ne kawai memba na majalisa daga Jam'iyyar Nationalist ta Bangladesh a cikin Ƙungiyar Abokantaka ta Majalisar Bangladesh da Japan .  An zargi dan uwansa, Aminur Rahman Chowdhury, da kasancewa da hannu a kisan gillar mambobi 11 na dangin Hindu a cikin kisan gillar Banshkhali.

## Rayuwa da mutuwarsa
Chowdhury ya mutu a Chittagong a ranar 8 ga Nuwamba 2022, yana da shekaru 72. 

## Manazarta
Farin Ciki na Dame

**Dame's Delight** wuri ne na mata don yin wanka a bakin kogin Cherwell a cikin ciyayi kusa da wuraren shakatawa na Jami'ar Oxford daura da Mesopotamiya Walk a Oxford, Ingila .  

Wurin ya kasance daga 1934 zuwa 1970, lokacin da aka rufe shi saboda matsalolin kulawa da ambaliyar ruwa ta haifar. 

Wurin wanka mai kama da Parson's Pleasure don wanka na maza na tsirara, shima ya wanzu a kusa har zuwa 1991.   An kafa shi a kwanan baya; Dukansu rukunin yanar gizon yanzu suna cikin tarihin tarihin Jami'ar Oxford .

Dame's Delight ya yi wahayi zuwa ga taken wani littafi na 1964 na Margaret Forster . 

## Manazarta
Pinnacles (Dorset)

**Pinnacles** tsari ne guda biyu, gami da tarin da kuma gungume, wanda ke kusa da Handfast Point, a Tsibirin Purbeck a Dorset, kudancin Ingila.

## Wurin da yake
Pinnacles suna tsaye a gabashin Studland, kimanin mita 200 a kudancin Old Harry Rocks kuma kimanin kilomita 4 a arewa maso gabashin Swanage. Yankunan da ke cikin Ballard Downs mallakar National Trust ne. Ana iya kallon duwatsun daga sashin Dorset na Kudancin Yammacin Kogin.

## Yanayin ƙasa
Yankunan Ballard Down an kafa su ne da chalk tare da wasu bands na flint, kuma an kafa su kimanin shekaru miliyan 66 da suka gabata. An yi amfani da igiyoyin dutse a hankali a cikin ƙarni, wasu daga cikin ɗakunan da suka gabata sun faɗi yayin da aka kafa sababbin ta hanyar fashewar ƙananan isthmuses. A fadin ruwa zuwa gabas ana iya ganin Needles a kan Isle of Wight. Wadannan kuma suna daga cikin wannan rukuni kuma 'yan dubban shekaru da suka gabata ne kawai aka haɗa su da Ballard Down.

Don samar da tarin, teku a hankali ya rushewa tare da haɗin gwiwa da jiragen gado inda mai laushi ya haɗu da dutse mai laushi na dutsen dutse don ƙirƙirar kogo. Wannan daga ƙarshe ya lalace don ƙirƙirar bakan. Ginin daga baya ya rushe don barin tarin da ake kira The Pinnacles .

## Manazarta
Tataraimaka

**Tataraimaka** wani yanki ne na bakin teku a Taranaki, New Zealand . Mafi yawa yanki ne na noma, kimanin kilomita 20 (12  kudu maso yammacin New Plymouth. Tataraimaka tana kudu da Ōakura da arewacin Ōkato . Kogin Timaru ya ratsa Tataraimaka a kan hanyarsa daga Dutsen Taranaki . Yankin yana kusa da kewayon Kaitake a gindin Dutsen Taranaki, kuma ya ƙunshi gonaki masu tsawo waɗanda ke kallon makiyaya masu juyawa, waɗanda koguna da koguna da yawa da ke kaiwa ga dutse, bakin tekun yamma suka tsayar da su. Yankin sananne ne ga rairayin bakin teku. Weld Road Beach sanannen rairayin bakin teku ne tare da mazauna yankin. Yankin yana ƙara shahara ga mutane da ke gina salon rayuwa. Akwai hanyoyi masu yawa na tafiya ga jama'a waɗanda ke ratsa Kaitake Range. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan tafiye-tafiye shine hanyar Boars Head Mine, wanda ke ɗaukar masu tafiya zuwa ma'adinin zinariya na tarihi.

A zamanin da ya gabata, an zauna yankin sosai, tare da shafuka sama da 30 da aka samo galibi a bakin kogin Katikara, Pitone Stream da Kogin Timaru.  Ɗaya daga cikin manyan shafuka na pā, Tataraimaka Pā, wani ɓangare ne na ajiyar tarihi wanda Ma'aikatar Karewa ke sarrafawa. Wata jam'iyya ta arewacin Māori ce ta kori pā a lokacin Musket Wars, jim kadan kafin 1820.  An sayi Tataraimaka Block na ƙasar daga Māori a cikin 1847,  kuma shine wurin da aka ajiye mutane 200 na 65th Regiment a lokacin Yaƙin Taranaki na farko, daga Afrilu zuwa Yuni 1860. A watan Maris na shekara ta 1861, sojojin Māori sun kwace Tataraimaka Block, kuma sun koma hannun gwamnati a farkon shekara ta 1865.

Tataraimaka tana da tarihin noma mai wadata, tare da masana'antar samar da madara ta tarihi da ake kira Timaru Creamery wanda ya samo asali ne daga karni na sha tara. A shekara ta 2008, wani manomi na gida ya sake buɗe masana'antar a matsayin Patua Co-operative Dairy Factory don samar da madadin babban kamfanin Fonterra. An dakatar da samar da kwayoyin Okato Cheese saboda matsalolin kudi a cikin 2010.  A halin yanzu ana amfani da tsohuwar masana'antar madara don nuna zane-zanen dutse.

A ranar 10 ga Oktoba 1998 Kogin Timaru ya ambaliya kuma ya fashe ta Hanyar Surf Highway 45. Ba a sake buɗe hanyar ba har sai 19 ga Oktoba.

## Manazarta
Supertubs

**Supertubs** (Portuguese for *Supertubes*) raƙuman ruwa ne da rairayin bakin teku da ke Peniche, Portugal . Hutun shine shafin yanar gizon MEO Pro Portugal daga gasar zakarun maza da mata ta duniya.

Ruwa bai shiga cikin manyan abubuwan duniya ba har sai da Rip Curl Pro Search Event a cikin 2009. An cancanta shi da 'Totally Epic'  ingancin a matsayin guguwa. 

## Manyan gasa na hawan igiyar ruwa
Yankin rairayin bakin teku yana karbar bakuncin MEO Rip Curl Pro Portugal a kowace shekara, gasar tseren kankara ta kwararru, daga World Surf League Men's and Women's Championship Tour .  A kan kalandar yawon shakatawa, wannan yana daya daga cikin wasannin Turai da ba a saba gani ba a kowane kakar.

A matakin kasa, rairayin bakin teku yana karbar bakuncin "Bom Petisco Peniche Pro" a kowace shekara daga Liga MEO Surf Men's and Women's Championship Tour, gasar karshe ta kalandar gasar zakarun kasa.

## Manazarta
Edafe Okporo

**Edafe Okporo** (an haife shi ranar 3 ga watan Maris, 1990) marubuci ne dan Najeriya-Amurka. Shi ne Babban Darakta na Refuge America, kungiyar da ke taimakawa wajen sake zama Masu neman mafaka na LGBTQ +. An haife shi a Warri, Najeriya, Okporo ya fuskanci tashin hankali a kasarsa saboda jima'i kuma an sanya shi don yin maganin juyawa. Okporo ya nemi mafaka a Amurka bayan wani taron jama'a ya kai masa hari saboda bayar da shawarwari don samun damar kiwon lafiya ga maza masu luwadi.

Lokacin da Okporo ya isa Amurka, an tsare shi a cibiyar tsare mutane ta ICE a Elizabeth, New Jersey tsawon watanni biyar.Bayan an ba shi mafaka, Okporo ya zama mara gida, yana zaune a tashar Newark Penn kuma a wani matsuguni. Da zarar ya sami kwanciyar hankali, Okporo ya yi aiki a matsayin darekta na farko na Matsugunan 'Yan Gudun Hijira na RDJ, mafaka na farko na birnin New York don masu neman mafaka.Okporo ya rubuta wani littafi mai suna Asylum: A Memoir and Manifesto, yana ba da cikakken bayanin kwarewarsa ta neman mafaka a Amurka.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Rauk

**rauk** wani nau'i ne mai kama da ginshiƙi a Sweden, sau da yawa daidai da tarin. Rauks sau da yawa suna faruwa a cikin kungiyoyi da ake kira *raukfält* 'yan filayen rauk'. Rauks na dutse na Gotland a cikin Tekun Baltic suna daga cikin sanannun misalai.

## Sweden
Rauks sun zama ruwan dare a tsibirin Gotland, Sweden da kuma kananan tsibirai na Gotland County. Tsibirin Fårö a Gotland, yana da wadataccen rauks. Duk da yake Fårö yana kan iyakar arewacin Gotland Holmhällars raukfält a Vamlingbo a iyakar kudancin Gotland shima yana da wadataccen rauks. Rauks a Gotland sau da yawa suna faruwa a cikin rukuni ko filaye, wanda ake kira raukfält .  Ana iya samun Rauks a kusa da tsaunuka da yawa na Gotland ko nesa da waɗannan.

Sauran yankuna tare da rauks sun haɗa da Byrum a arewa maso yammacin Öland makwabcin tsibirin Blå Jungfrun, Hovs Hallar da Kullaberg a arewa maso gabashin Scania da Härnön a arewacin Sweden. Rauks a kan Öland an yi su ne da dutse. Wasu 'yan rauks suna cikin tsaunukan Scandinavia a arewacin Sweden Sarek  da Padjelanta  wuraren shakatawa na kasa.

## Norway

A Norway, akwai rauks a Trollholmssund inda, bisa ga ilimin yankin, rauks trolls ne masu tsayi. A cikin Trollholmsund, rauks an yi su ne da dutsen dolomite. Yankin Varanger a arewacin Norway yana da wadataccen rauks kuma suna faruwa a wasu wurare a bakin tekun Finnmark.

A Norway ana amfani da kalmar rauk ga tsaunuka masu raguwa a cikin shimfidar wuri mai laushi tare da bakin teku.

## Ilimin ƙasa
Rauks yawanci ana kirkirar su ne ta hanyar rushewar raƙuman ruwa. A kan Öland da Gotland, an kafa rauks tare da ko kusa da tsaunin da aka sani da Baltic Klint .  Gotland rauks sun kunshi dutse mai laushi wanda ke wakiltar reefs waɗanda suka wanzu a zamanin Silurian. Yayin da raƙuman ruwa ke bugawa a kan dutsen dutse, fashewar da ta riga ta kasance ta fara lalacewa da faɗaɗa. A ƙarshe wannan yana haifar da kafa koguna da suka haɗu, kuma ragowar dutse na tsakiya yanzu ya zama rauks.

Rauks na Gotland sun samo asali ne bayan zamanin kankara na ƙarshe. Ba a san yadda rauks daban-daban a Gotland suka fara samuwa daga bakin tekun dutse ba, bakin tekun da aka rarraba ko kuma daga yanayin glacial. Kwatanta hotuna daga 1900 da 1966 ya nuna cewa an lalata wasu rauks a wannan lokacin.

Carl Linnaeus, wanda ya ziyarci Gotland a shekara ta 1741, shine masanin kimiyya na farko da ya bayyana rauks. Ya kira su *stenjättar* (manyan dutse) yayin da yake lura da siffar  na rauks iri ɗaya.

A cikin Sarek National Park rauks sun samo asali ne a matsayin yanayin ƙasa na Aeolian, don haka, sabanin sauran rauks, iska ce ta tsara su fiye da ruwa. Wadannan rauks an yi su ne da dutse wanda yake na Sierggavággenappe (Swedish: Sierggavággeskollan) na Caledonides na Scandinavia.

## Manazarta
Mathilde Muhindo

**Mathilde Muhindo Mwamini** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1954)  ita ce Darakta na Cibiyar Olame,   da ke gabashin Bukavu a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo. Ta kasance tsohuwar memba na majalisar dokoki a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo . An ba ta lambar yabo ta Alison Des Forges ta Human Rights Watch don gwagwarmaya ta musamman. Ita da ƙungiyarta suna yaƙi da nuna bambanci da cin zarafin jima'i ga mata.

## Reference
Rashin shuka

Subcrop kalma ce a cikin ilimin ƙasa. Ya bambanta da kalmar outcrop, idan ba cikakkiyar antonym ba.

Idan ana kiran duwatsun da aka fallasa a saman rushewa zamani a matsayin outcrops, to ana kiran duwatsu da aka binne yanzu a wuraren rushewar tsohuwar a matsayin subcrops.

Don haka, an binne wani shuka. Idan wani bangare na tsarin ilimin ƙasa yana kusa da farfajiyar, yana da tsiro. Wani *subcrop* ba ya fitowa, kuma yawanci yana ƙarƙashin Bayanan ƙasa ko alluvial sediments.

## Manazarta
Te Unuhanga-a-Rangitoto / Mercer Bay

**Te Unuhanga-a-Rangitoto / Mercer Bay** wani bay ne a Yankin Auckland na Tsibirin Arewa New Zealand . Tana kudu da Piha da arewacin Karekare . Bayin yana kewaye da tsaunuka masu tsawo  m (200) , waɗanda sune mafi tsawo a yankin Auckland.

## Bayyanawa
Te Unuhanga-a-Rangitoto / Mercer Bay yana kan iyakar yammacin yankin Auckland, tsakanin Te Ahua Point da Farley Point, arewa maso yammacin Karekare .  Bayin yana da tsaunuka mafi tsawo da aka samu a yankin Auckland,   wanda ke sama da mita 60 (200) tsawo.

Bakin rairayin bakin teku yana ɓacewa gaba ɗaya a babban hazo.  Ƙarshen arewacin rairayin bakin teku shine wurin , kogon da Te Kawerau ā Maki ke amfani da shi a matsayin mafaka a al'ada, kuma ana samun wani yanki na shag a kudancin ƙarshen bakin teku. 

## Tarihi
Bayin yana cikin al'adun gargajiya na Te Kawerau ā Maki iwi . Te Unuhanga-a-Rangitoto ("Wurin daga Inda aka zana Rangitoto") yana nufin labarin gargajiya wanda ya shafi tsohuwar kakanninmu Tiriwa, wanda ya ɗaga Tsibirin Rangitoto daga wurin da yake a Tekun Tasman zuwa Tekun Hauraki, a matsayin nuna ikonsa ga wasu Tūrehu  . Wani labarin gargajiya da ya shafi yankin shine Te Ahua o Hinerangi, labarin Hinerangi wanda ya mutu a Te Ahua Point . 

Bayan da Crown ta sami ƙasar, an ba da ita ga wani mazaunin da ake kira Andrew Mercer, wanda ya zama sunan sunan harshen Ingilishi na bay.

An kara sunan Harshen Māori don bay a hukumance a watan Nuwamba 2015 ta Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta New Zealand a karkashin sharuddan Te Kawerau ā Maki Claims Settlement Act 2015 . 

The Mercer Bay Loop Track sanannen hanya ce ta tafiya tare da tsaunuka sama da bay. Bayan mutuwar kauri ya haifar da rufe waƙoƙi da yawa na Waitākere Ranges, Mercer Bay Loop Track ya karu sosai a cikin shahara. An danganta mutuwar da bacewar mutane da yawa da bayin.

## Manazarta
Vincent Anioke

**Vincent Anioke** marubuci ɗan Najeriya ne ɗan ƙasar Kanada, wanda tarin gajerun labarunsa na farko Cikakkun Mala'iku ya kasance dán wasan ƙarshe na 2024 Dayne Ogilvie Prize don littattafai na farko na marubuta LGBTQ na Kanada, da lambar yabo ta Danuta Gleed Literary Award na 2025. An haife shi kuma ya girma a Enugu, Najeriya, ya buga littafinsa mai suna Whirlwind of Metamorphosis a cikin 2014 kafin ya tafi Amurka don yin binciken kimiyyar kwamfuta a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts. A halin yanzu yana zaune a Waterloo, Ontario, inda yake aiki a matsayin injiniyan software tare da Google. An zabi ta ne don lambar yabo ta Afirka na Gajerun Labarai na Duniya a 2021 don "Ogbuefi", da lambar yabo ta RBC Bronwen Wallace don Marubuta masu tasowa a 2023 don "Mama's Lullabies". An kuma yi mata jerin sunayen a lokuta uku don lambar yabo ta CBC Short Story Prize.

## Manazarta
Leyner Palacios

**Leyner Palacios Asprilla** 'dan gwagwarmayar kare hakkin dan adam ne kuma lauya ne a Afirka da Colombia. Wanda ya kafa kwamitin kare hakkin wadanda aka azabtar da su a Bojayá,  an zabi shi don Kyautar Nobel ta Zaman Lafiya a shekarar 2016. 

## Tarihin rayuwa
Palacios Asprilla ya girma ne a Pogue, wani ƙauye a cikin iyakokin yankin Bojayá . 

A shekara ta 2014, ya taimaka wajen kirkirar Kwamitin Kare Hakkin Wadanda aka azabtar da Bojayá, wanda ke wakiltar wadanda ke fama da rikice-Rikicin Colombia 11,000. 

Baya ga naɗa shi a matsayin ɗan takara don lambar yabo ta Nobel na zaman lafiya, wasu daga cikin manyan lambobin yabo da Palacios Asprilla ya samu sun haɗa da Global Pluralism Award da Peace Summit Medal for Social Impact a taron Taron Duniya na Nobel Peace Laureates na shekarar 2017.

## References
Samfurin yanayi

Samfuran yanayin lambobi (ko samfurin tsarin yanayi) samfurin lissafin waɗanda za su iya kwaikwayi mu'amalar mahimman direbobin yanayi. Waɗannan direbobi sune yanayi, tekuna, saman ƙasa da kankara. Masana kimiyya suna amfani da ƙirar yanayi don nazarin yanayin yanayin yanayin da kuma yin hasashen yanayi na gaba da canjin yanayi. Samfurin yanayi kuma na iya zama samfura masu inganci (watau ba adadi ba) kuma suna ɗauke da labari, mafi yawan sifaita, na yiwuwar gaba.[1]

Samfuran yanayi suna la'akari da makamashi mai shigowa daga Rana da kuma makamashin da ke fita daga duniya. Rashin daidaituwa yana haifar da canjin yanayin zafi. Ƙarfin da ke shigowa daga Rana yana cikin sifar gajeriyar raƙuman wutar lantarki ta lantarki, musamman bayyane da gajeriyar igiyar ruwa (kusa) infrared. Ƙarfin da ke fita yana cikin sifar dogon igiyar ruwa (nisa) infrared makamashi na lantarki. Waɗannan matakai wani ɓangare ne na tasirin greenhouse.

Samfuran yanayi sun bambanta a cikin rikitarwa. Misali, samfurin canja wurin zafi mai sauƙi mai haske yana ɗaukar Duniya a matsayin maki ɗaya da matsakaicin kuzari. Ana iya faɗaɗa wannan a tsaye (samfurin radiyo-convective) da a kwance. Ƙarin rikitattun samfura sune nau'ikan yanayin yanayi - teku - teku ƙanƙara. Waɗannan nau'ikan samfura suna warware cikakkun ma'auni don musayar jama'a, canzawar makamashi da musayar haske. Bugu da ƙari, sauran nau'ikan samfura za a iya haɗa su. Misali  Samfuran Tsarin Duniya  sun haɗa da amfani da ƙasa gami da canje-canjen amfani da ƙasa. Wannan yana bawa masu bincike damar hasashen hulɗar yanayi da tsarin muhalli.

Samfuran yanayi tsarin mabambantan daidaito ne daga tushen ka'idojin  kimiyyar lissafi, motsin ruwa, da sinadarai. Masana kimiyya sun raba duniya zuwa grid mai girma 3 kuma suna amfani da ma'auni na asali ga waɗannan grid.Samfuran yanayi  suna ƙididdige iskoki, canja wurin zafi, radiation, dangi, da yanayin ruwa a cikin kowane grid kuma suna kimanta hulɗa tare da maki makwabta. Waɗannan ana haɗe su da samfuran teku don kwaikwayi canjin yanayi da canjin yanayi wanda ke faruwa a lokuta daban-daban saboda canjin yanayin teku da kuma mafi girman ƙarfin ajiyar zafi na tekun duniya.Hakanan ana iya amfani da direbobin canji na waje. Haɗe da samfurin takardar ƙanƙara mafi kyawun asusun don tasirin dogon lokaci kamar hawan matakin teku.

## Manazarta
Castanedia

***Castanedia*** wani nau'i ne na tsire-tsire masu fure a cikin dangin daisy, Asteraceae .  Ya ƙunshi nau'i ɗaya, ***Castanedia santamartensis***, wani shrub da ke cikin Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta na arewa maso gabashin Colombia. Yana girma a cikin gandun daji mai laushi daga 2400 zuwa 3250 mita tsawo.

Robert Merrill King da Harold Ernest Robinson ne suka ƙayyade jinsin da jinsin a cikin Phytologia vol.39 a shafi na 58 a cikin 1978. 

Sunan jinsin *Castanedia* shine don girmama Rafael Romero Castañeda (1910-1973), wanda ya kasance masanin tsire-tsire na Colombia kuma mai tara shuke-shuke.

## Manazarta
Carolina Díaz Pimentel

**Carolina Díaz Pimentel** 'yar jarida ce ta Peru kuma mai fafutukar lafiyar kwakwalwa. A matsayinta na mai ba da rahoto, tana rufe batutuwan da suka shafi lafiyar kwakwalwa da neurodivergence. A matsayinta na mai fafutuka, ta kafa shafin yanar gizon More than Bipolar kuma ita ce co-kafa kungiyar Peruvian Neurodivergent Coalition (CNP).  A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2023, BBC 100 Women ta kira ta daya daga cikin mata masu tasiri a duniya.

## Manazarta
Díaz ƙwararriyar 'yar jarida ce. An gano tana da cutar autism tana da shekaru 29, kuma tana da cutar bipolar II. Ta kafa ƙungiyoyin agaji marasa riba kamar Peruvian Neurodivergent Coalition, More than Bipolar, da Atypical Project. Pimentel kuma Fellow ce a ƙarƙashin shirin Rosalynn Carter kuma ta samu tallafi daga Pulitzer Centre. A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2023, an saka sunanta a cikin jerin BBC 100 Women. Ƙari ga haka, feminist ce.

## Reference
Ka,idojin Muhalli

A cikin falsafar muhalli, ka'idodin muhalli wani yanki ne da aka kafa na falsafar aiki "wanda ke sake gina mahimman nau'ikan muhawara waɗanda za a iya yi don kare abubuwan halitta da ci gaba da amfani da albarkatun ƙasa." Da'ar muhalli tana yin tasiri akan fannonin ilimi da yawa da suka haɗa da dokar muhalli, ilimin zamantakewar muhalli, ilimin halittu, tattalin arziƙin muhalli, muhalli da yanayin ƙasa.

Akwai shawarwarin ɗabi'a da yawa da ɗan adam ke yankewa dangane da muhalli. Wannan shawarar ta haifar da tambayoyi da yawa. Misali:

Shin yakamata ’yan Adam su ci gaba da share dazuzzukan da aka yanke don amfanin ɗan adam?

Wane nau'i ne ko mahaluki ya kamata a yi la'akari da su don kansu, ba tare da gudummawar da suke bayarwa ga nau'in halittu da sauran kayayyaki ba?

Me ya sa ’yan Adam za su ci gaba da yaɗa jinsinta, da kuma rai kanta? 

Ya kamata mutane su ci gaba da kera motoci masu amfani da mai?

Wadanne wajibai na muhalli ya kamata mutane su kiyaye don tsararraki masu zuwa?

Shin yana da kyau mutane su san dalilin da ya sa bacewar jinsin halittu don jin daɗin ɗan adam?

Ta yaya ya kamata ’yan Adam su yi amfani da su da kuma kiyaye yanayin sararin samaniya don aminta da faɗaɗa rayuwa?

Wace rawa iyakoki Planetary za su iya takawa wajen sake fasalin dangantakar ɗan adam da duniya?

Fannin ilimi na xa'a na muhalli ya taso ne a matsayin martani ga ayyukan Rachel Carson da Murray Bookchin da abubuwan da suka faru kamar ranar farko ta Duniya a 1970, lokacin da masana muhalli suka fara jan hankalin masana falsafa da su yi la'akari da fannonin falsafa na matsalolin muhalli. Takardu biyu da aka buga a Kimiyya suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci: Lynn White's "Tsarin Tarihi na Rikicin Mu'amalar Mu" (Maris 1967)  da Garrett Hardin's "The Tragedy of the Commons" (Disamba 1968).[9] Har ila yau, ya yi tasiri a cikin rubutun Garett Hardin daga baya mai suna "Bincika Sabbin Da'a don Rayuwa", da kuma wani makala na Aldo Leopold a cikin Almanac na Sand County, mai suna "The Land Ethic", wanda Leopold ya fito fili ya yi iƙirarin cewa tushen rikicin muhalli na falsafa ne (1949).[10]

Mujallolin ilimi na farko na kasa da kasa a wannan fanni sun fito ne daga Arewacin Amurka a karshen shekarun 1970 da farkon 1980 - Mujallar Muhalli ta Amurka a 1979 da Mujallar The Trumpeter: Journal of Ecosophy a shekarar 1983. An kaddamar da Mujalla ta farko ta Burtaniya irin wannan, Muhalli Values19.

## Manazarta
Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin daji da Kiwon Itace

**Cibiyar Nazarin Gandun daji da Kiwon Bishiya (IFGTB)**  Cibiyar Nazarin Gandun daji ce da ke Coimbatore a Tamil Nadu . Yana aiki a ƙarƙashin Cibiyar Nazarin Gandun daji na Indiya (ICFRE)  na Ma'aikatar Muhalli, Gandun daji da Canjin Yanayi, Gwamnatin Indiya .Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding wata cibiyar kasa ce da aka kafa a watan Afrilu, 1988 a ƙarƙashin Majalisar Indiya ta Binciken Gandun daji da Ilimi (ICFRE), majalisa mai cin gashin kanta a ƙarƙashin ma'aikatar muhalli ta Indiya. Don ganowa da haɓaka nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan da ake amfani da su a cikin gandun daji da gandun daji na zamantakewa waɗanda za su ba da gudummawa ga burin ƙasa na samun ci gaban ɗimbin kubic mita 3 zuwa 4 na biomass a kowace hayar a cikin la'akari da yanayin muhalli da ya dace da yankin. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Manazarta
Wasannin Olympics na dabbobi

Wasannin Olympics na dabbobi (Dōbutsu Orimupikku Taikai) wani ɗan gajeren fim ne na Jafananci daga 1928. Yasuji Murata ne ya ba da umarni kuma ya motsa shi don Yokohama Cinema Shōkai .

## Makirci
A wasannin Olympics na dabbobi, yawancin nau'ikan dabbobi suna gasa a cikin wasanni. Monkeys suna yin wasan motsa jiki a kan mashaya a kwance, bears da hippos suna iyo kuma kangaroos da aladu suna fada da juna. A cikin tseren mita 800, duck ya ci nasara a kan bulldog, hippopotamus da raƙumi. Wani beyar polar ya shiga cikin tashar kuma aladu suna ƙoƙarin samun fa'ida a cikin shingen tare da balloons, amma sun fadi.

## Fitarwa da Fitarwa
Fim din ya samo asali ne daga Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 1928 a Amsterdam, kuma an yi shi ne a gidan fim na Yasuji Murata, Yokohama Cinema Shōkai . Murata da kansa shi ne darektan kuma yana da alhakin wasan kwaikwayo. An dauki aikin a matsayin mafi muhimmanci. Chūzō Aochi ne ya rubuta rubutun kuma masu wasan kwaikwayo sune Koji Iida da Yukikiyo Ueno .

An shigar da fim din a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 1928 ta Hukumar Censorship ta Japan sannan aka gabatar da shi a cikin fina-finai na Japan.

## Manazarta
Anne Fausto-Sterling

**Anne Fausto-Sterling** Masanin ilimin jima'i Ba'amurke ne wanda ya yi rubuce-rubuce da yawa kan ginin zamantakewa na jinsi, ainihin jima'i, asalin jinsi, matsayin jinsi, da jima'i. Ita ce Nancy Duke Lewis Farfesa Emerita na Psychology da Ilimi a Jami'ar Brown.

Mahaifiyar Fausto-Sterling, Dorothy Sterling, fitacciyar marubuciya ce kuma edita, yayin da mahaifinta kuma marubuci ne da aka buga. [2] Fausto-Sterling ta sami digiri na farko na Arts daga Jami'ar Wisconsin a 1965 da Ph.D. a fannin ci gaban kwayoyin halitta daga Jami’ar Brown a shekarar 1970. Bayan ta samu Ph.D., ta shiga Kwalejin Brown, inda aka nada ta Nancy Duke Lewis Farfesa a fannin Biology and Gender Studies.
## Manazarta
James Moroka

**James Sebe Moroka**, OLG (16 Maris 1891 - 10 Nuwamba 1985) likita ne kuma ɗan siyasa, wanda ya kasance shugaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka 1949-1952. 

## Manazarta
An zabi Moroka a matsayin shugaban ANC ta hanyar goyon bayan African National Congress Youth League da shugabannin ta Walter Sisulu da Nelson Mandela a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1949. A lokacin shugabancin Moroka, ANC ta fara aiwatar da karin dabarun yaƙi wajen yaki da mulkin wariyar launin fata na kasar.

A shekara ta 1952 an yanke ma  Moroka hukunci da laifin "Kwaminisanci na doka" bisa ga Dokar Kaddamar da Kwaminisanci tare da wasu wadanda ake tuhuma 20. A lokacin shari'ar Moroka ya fahimci iyakokin da zai kasance a lokacin wariyar launin fata yayin da yake aiki a matsayin shugaban kasa. Ya yanke shawarar cewa zai iya yin karin bayani ga al'ummarsa da ke yin magani kuma ya nemi a rage shi kuma ya ki amincewa da ka'idodin daidaiton launin fata na ANC kuma nan da nan aka kore shi daga jam'iyyar.

Asibitin gunduma da ke Thaba Nchu an sa masa suna a cikin tunawarsa, inda ya ci gaba da aikin likitanci. Mutum ne mai kishin iyali kuma Kirista.

## Manazarta
Emma Didlake

**Emma Didlake** (Maris 13, 1904 - Agusta 16, 2015) ta kasance 'yar Afirka ce ta Afirka. Ta yi aiki a cikin Sojojin Mata . 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Didlake a Boligee, Alabama, a cikin shekara ta 1904. 

A lokacin da take ƙarama, Didlake da iyalinta sun koma Kentucky, inda ta auri mai hakar kwal a 1922 kuma daga baya ta zauna don tayar da iyalenta.

## Ayyuka
A shekara ta 1943, lokacin da take da shekaru 38 kuma mahaifiyar yara biyar, Didlake ta shiga WAAC. Ta gaya wa *San Antonio Express-News* cewa ta shiga Sojoji saboda "tana so ta yi abubuwa daban-daban".  Ta yi aiki a jihar a matsayin mai zaman kansa da direba.

Don hidimar da ta yi a yakin duniya na biyu, Didlake ta sami lambar yabo ta Sojojin Mata, lambar yabo ta Kamfen ta Amurka, da lambar yabo ta Nasara ta yakin duniya na II . 

## Bayan hidima
Bayan barin hidimar, Didlake da danginta sun ƙaura zuwa Detroit, Michigan, inda ta zauna har mutuwarta. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ya ƙaura zuwa Detroit, Didlake ya shiga babin NAACP na gida. A cikin 1963, ta yi tafiya tare da Martin Luther King Jr. a Maris a Washington don Ayyuka da 'Yanci .

A cikin 2013, an ba Didlake lambar yabo ta James Weldon Johnson a bikin cin abincin dare na shekara-shekara na 58 na Detroit NAACP.

A ranar 17 ga Yuli, 2015, tana da shekaru 111, Didlake ta ziyarci Washington, DC, a kan tafiya ta girmamawa wacce ta haɗa da saduwa da Shugaba Barack Obama da kuma yawon shakatawa da yawa na tarihi, gami da Mata a Sabis na Soja don Tunawa da Amurka a Kabari na Arlington, inda ta karbi abubuwan tunawa daga Brigadier Janar Wilma Vaught mai ritaya. Talons Out Honor Flight ne ya shirya tafiyar kuma ya ba da kuɗin, wani ɓangare na Cibiyar Nazarin Flight . 

A taron da suka yi a Ofishin Oval, Didlake ta zauna a cikin keken guragu a wannan wuri inda shugabannin kasashen waje ke zaune lokacin da suka sadu da shugaban a Fadar White House .  Shugaba Obama ya yaba wa Didlake saboda aikinta na "tsalle-tsalle" a matsayin daya daga cikin tsoffin mata da 'yan Afirka na Amurka waɗanda suka taimaka wajen haɗa Sojojin Amurka.

Didlake ta danganta tsawon rayuwarta ga abinci mai yawan 'ya'yan itace da kayan lambu. Kowace rana, za ta kuma ci 'ya'yan inabi na zinariya da ta tsoma cikin vodka da dare.

## Mutuwa da gado
Kimanin wata daya bayan ziyarar Fadar White House, Didlake ta yi rashin lafiya. Ta mutu a ranar 16 ga watan Agusta, 2015, tana da shekaru 111. Jikanta da jikokin jikoki sun mutu.

A ranar 19 ga watan Agusta, Shugaba Obama ya fitar da wannan sanarwa don girmama mutuwar Didlake:Emma Didlake ta yi wa kasar ta hidima da bambanci da girmamawa, mai ba da labari na gaskiya ga tsararraki na Amurkawa waɗanda suka sadaukar da yawa ga ƙasarsu. Na kasance mai tawali'u da godiya don maraba da Emma zuwa Fadar White House a watan da ya gabata, kuma ni da Michelle mun aika da ta'aziyya ga dangin Emma, abokai, da duk wanda ta yi wahayi zuwa gare ta a rayuwarta ta Amurka.Tare da mutuwar Didlake, tsohon soja da aka fi sani (Yaƙin Duniya na II) ya zama Frank Levingston . 

## Kyaututtuka da kayan ado

## Manazarta
Minnie Takalma Biyu

Minnie Two Shoes (Maris 24, 1950 - Afrilu 9, 2010) ta kasance mai tallatawa ga Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka daga 1970 zuwa 1976 kuma ta yi aiki mafi yawan rayuwarta a cikin aikin jarida da ci gaban 'Yan asalin Amurka da dalilai.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Minnie Two Shoes a ranar 24 ga Maris, 1950, a Fort Peck Reservation a Montana . Ta kasance Assiniboine Sioux. Tana da 'yan'uwa mata biyar; Jackie Ramuer, Marlee Eder, Marie Knowles, Margie Eder da Beverly Ruella da ɗan'uwa ɗaya, Peter Ruella . 

A shekara ta 1983, ta sami digiri na farko a Ci gaban Al'umma daga Kwalejin Ilimi ta 'yan asalin Amurka a Fort Peck . Ta kuma yi karatu a Jami'ar Missouri School of Journalism daga 1987 zuwa 1990 inda ta kasance co-kafa kungiyar 'yan asalin Amurka.

A shekara ta 1984, ta taimaka wajen kafa Kungiyar 'yan jarida ta Amurka wacce ta zama kungiyar' yan jarida ta Indiya a shekarar 1990. Ta kafa kungiyar mata ta gargajiya ta Wolf Point kuma ta shirya mujallu biyu: Native Peoples da Aboriginal Voices . Ta kuma kasance marubuciya mai ba da gudummawa ga News From Indian Country . Ta yi aiki tare da Wotanin Wowapi a Fort Peck a matsayin marubuciya da marubuciya ga *Red Road Home* . A matsayinta na 'yar jarida, ta rubuta game da haƙƙin ruwa, ingancin iska, muhalli, mai, iskar gas da ci gaban tattalin arziki.

Ta yi aiki a matsayin malami a fannin sadarwa a Kwalejin Fort Peck daga 1992 zuwa 1993.  Ta kuma koyar da aikin jarida na kwaleji, kuma ta mallaki kamfanin samarwa.

Tare da wasu shugabannin a cikin Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka, an nuna ta a fim din 2002 The Spirit of Annie Mae .  Two Shoes ya san Annie Mae Aquash (Annie Mae Pictou-Aquash) da kansa, kuma galibi ana ambaton shi a matsayin kayan aiki wajen gano bayanai game da kisan ta a 1975.

An ɗauke ta sosai a matsayin mai ba da shawara da mai fafutuka a cikin al'ummarta. A shekara ta 2010, Ronnie Washines, Shugaban kungiyar 'yan jarida ta Amurka, ya ce game da ita, "Ta kasance mai ba da shawara mai gaskiya game da' yan jarida,' yancin magana da abinci kyauta ga kowa".

Two Shoes ta auri John Carmichael kuma tare suna da 'ya'ya biyar: 'ya'yan mata Pahinskwe Two Shoes da Tateyumniwi Carmichael da' ya'ya maza Honwe Nupa Two Shoes, Peta Tinda Two Shoes and Makbiya Wambli Carmichael .

A ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 2010, Minnie Two Shoes ya mutu daga ciwon daji a Minneapolis, Minnesota .  Mijinta ya mutu kafin ta.

## Manazarta
Tania Major

Tania Major (an haife ta a ranar 13 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1981) 'yar gwagwarmayar Aboriginal ce ta Australiya wacce ta fara zama sananniya a shekara ta 2004 a matsayin ƙaramin mutum da aka zaba a cikin Hukumar Aboriginal da Torres Strait Islander (ATSIC).

## Manazarta
An haife ta ne a Cairns, Queensland, ga Peter Taylor da Priscilla Major, Major ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Clayfield da Jami'ar Griffith a Brisbane, inda ta kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a fannin laifuka da shari'ar aikata laifuka.
Sakataren filin

**Sakataren filin** matsayi ne a cikin kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama daban-daban a Amurka, kamar su National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) da kuma Kwamitin Gudanar da Dalibai (SNCC). A cikin NAACP, ita ce matsayi mafi girma na kowane reshe na jihar na kungiyar. 

## Shahararrun sakataren filin

* Ella Baker
* Medgar Evers
* Fannie Lou Hamer
* James Weldon Johnson
* John Lewis
* Gilbert R. Mason
* Rosa Parks
* Walter F. White
* Bob Zellner

## Manazarta
Shirin Schooley

Schooley peneplain wani peneplain ne a gabashin Appalachians wanda ya kai daga jihar New Jersey ta Amurka zuwa Pine Mountain a Kentucky .  Yankin yana da suna daga Dutsen Schooley inda za'a iya jin dadin shi azaman shimfiɗa. Shekarar da aka kafa peneplain da girmansa sun kasance batutuwan muhawara mai tsawo. Wasu masana kimiyyar ƙasa da masu ilimin ƙasa na ƙarni na 20 sun yi la'akari da cewa peneplain ya nutse gabas a ƙarƙashin Atlantic Plain a matsayin rashin daidaituwa da ke ƙarƙashin turɓaya na Cretaceous. Sakamakon haka, sun nuna farkon Cretaceous ko zamanin Jurassic. Marubutan daban-daban, ciki har da Douglas Wilson Johnson, duk da haka sun ki amincewa da daidaito na peneplain zuwa rashin daidaituwa. Tun daga shekarun 2000, an gabatar da Oligocene zuwa tsakiyar Miocene don peneplain. Dangane da wannan ra'ayi na ƙarshe, haɓakawa da rarraba peneplain ya fara ne a ƙarshen Miocene.

Schooley peneplain yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan peneplains guda huɗu da aka gano a cikin Appalachians, sauran su ne Fall Zone, Harrisburg da Sommerville . 

## Manazarta
Bayani na gaba ɗaya

Bayani na iya nufin:gaba daya

* Labarin bayyani, labarin da ke taƙaita halin yanzu na fahimtar batun
* Taswirar Bayani, ra'ayi na yanki

## Dubi kuma

* Takaitaccen Bayani
* Bayani (jerin) 
* *Takaitaccen Bayani*
* Bayani da Bincike
* Tasirin Bayani
* All pages with titles beginning with Overview 
* All pages with titles containing Overview
Gundumar Sanatan Taraba ta Arewa

**Gundumar Sanatan Taraba ta Arewa** tana ɗaya daga cikin gundumomi uku na sanatoci a Jihar Taraba, Najeriya. Gundumar tana a arewacin jihar, ta haɗa iyakoki da jihohin Bauchi da Adamawa.Gundumar ta samo asali ne daga tsohuwar Jihar Gongola, inda aka ciro jihar Taraba a shekarar 1991. Yankin ya daɗe sannan ya haɗa ƴan asalin yaruka da suka fito daga yankin daban-daban, sun haɗa da Mumuye, Fulani, Jenjo, Wurkun, da sauransu.Gundumar ta ƙunshi ƙananun hukumomi 6  waɗanda sune: Jalingo, Yorro, Zing, Karim Lamido, Lau, Ardo-Kola .

## Jerin Sanatocin da suka wakilci Gundumar

## Manazarta
Kogin Cesar

**Kogin Cesar** (Spanish) wani kogi ne a arewacin Colombia wanda yake wani ɓangare na Magdalena Basin . Yana gudana ta hanyar Cesar-Ranchería Basin kuma ya raba Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta daga tsaunukan tsaunuka na Serranía del Perijá, fadada Cordillera Oriental. Yana gudana daga arewa zuwa kudu, daga Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta a cikin Sashen Guajira zuwa Sashen Cesar kuma yana gudana cikin Zapatosa Marsh inda ya juya zuwa kudu maso yamma kuma ya fito cikin Kogin Magdalena bayan kilomita 280. Valledupar ita ce kawai babbar birni a kan hanyarta.

## Haraji

* Kogin Guatapuri
* Kogin Ariguani
* Kogin Badillo 
* Kogin Villanueva, kilomita 43 (27  a tsawon daga Cerro Pintao . 
* Koguna daban-daban na Zapatosa Marshes ciki har da Bartolazo wetlands; Pancuiche wetlands; Pacuichito wetlands; La Palma wetlands; Santo Domingo wetlands; da Tiojuancho wetlands.
** Yankunan Bartolazo;
** Yankunan ruwa na Pancuiche;
** Yankunan ruwa na Pancuichito;
** Yankunan La Palma;
** Yankunan ruwa na Santo Domingo; da kuma
** Yankunan ruwa na Tiojuancho.

## Manazarta
Yanayin Taiwan

Tsibirin Taiwan ya rataya ne a kogin Tropic of Cancer, kuma yanayin damina na Gabashin Asiya ya rinjayi yanayinsa. Arewacin Taiwan yana da yanayi mai sanyin, tare da bambancin yanayin yanayin yanayi, yayin da sassa na tsakiya da kuma yawancin kudancin Taiwan suna da yanayin damina inda ba a san bambancin yanayin yanayi ba, tare da yanayin zafi yawanci bambanta daga dumi zuwa zafi. A lokacin hunturu (Nuwamba zuwa Maris), arewa maso gabas na samun ruwan sama, yayin da tsakiya da kudancin tsibirin galibi suna rana. Damina mai rani (daga Mayu zuwa Oktoba) ya kai kashi 90% na hazo na shekara a kudanci, amma kashi 60 ne kawai a arewa.[1] Matsakaicin ruwan sama kusan 2,600 mm a shekara.[1]￼

## Yanayin yanayi na yankin
Tsibirin Matsu suna da yanayi mai zafi kuma suna cikin yanayin sanyi fiye da Taiwan, amma ba a rubuta sanyi ba, alal misali, bougainvillea yana girma cikin sauƙi a nan.Yanayin gandun daji na wurare masu zafiYanayin savanna na wurare masu zafiOrchid İsland Yanayin gandun daji na wurare masu zafiYanayin gandun daji na wurare masu zafiYanayin zafi na wurare masu zafiYanayin Alpine

Yu Shan yanayi ne mai sanyi a TaiwanDabang yana da ƙananan tsawo fiye da Alishan, don haka yanayin ya fi sauƙi.Yanayin zafi mai zafiTyphoons suna iya kai hari tsakanin Yuli da Oktoba, tare da matsakaicin kusan hudu kai tsaye a kowace shekara. Ruwan sama mai tsanani daga Guguwa sau da yawa yana haifar da mummunar laka.[1]

## Rubuce-rubuce

## Canjin yanayi

## Manazarta

### Ayyukan da aka ambata
Ambaliyar ruwa ta Koriya ta Kudu ta 2025

Ruwan sama mai tsanani wanda ya fara a ranar 16 ga Yulin 2025 ya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa a duk faɗin Koriya ta Kudu, wanda ya haifar da mutuwar akalla mutane 19 tare da wasu tara da aka ruwaito sun ɓace. An sami lalacewa mai yawa a duk faɗin ƙasar, tare da ƙauyuka da yawa da aka lalata sosai ta hanyar rushewar ƙasa kuma an kwashe mutane sama da 13,000.

## Tasirin
A ranar 17 ga watan Yuli, an kashe mutane hudu kuma masu ceto 1,300 sun kwashe su, tare da mutane da yawa da suka ji rauni ciki har da mutane biyu da ke fama da hypothermia da biyu da suka ji wa rauni. Gwamnati ta ɗaga faɗakarwar bala'i mai alaƙa da yanayi zuwa matakin mafi girma yayin da hukumar yanayi ta bayyana bala'in a matsayin abin da ya faru sau ɗaya  ƙarni.  rabin rana sama da   in) na ruwan sama ya fadi a Seosan, yayin da jimlar   in) ya fadi a Gwangju a ranar 17 ga Yuli.

A cikin Gapyeong County, akalla mutane biyu sun mutu kuma biyar sun ɓace bayan rushewar ƙasa ta mamaye gidaje kuma ta bar mutane 24 a cikin sansanin inda aka kashe wani mutum. Kimanin mutane 13,000 ne aka kwashe a duk faɗin ƙasar. Mutane shida sun mutu kuma bakwai sun ɓace a Sancheong County, yayin da duk ƙauyen da ke tsakiyar Chungcheong ya cika da tarkace daga rushewar ƙasa. An bayar da rahoton cewa fiye da kadarori 41,000 sun rasa wutar lantarki yayin da dubban gine-gine da hanyoyi suka lalace ta hanyar ambaliyar ruwa; wasu filayen gona sun lalace kuma dabbobin da yawa sun mutu.

A ranar 22 ga watan Yulin adadin wadanda suka mutu ya karu zuwa 19, tare da wasu mutane tara da suka bace - shugaban kasar Lee Jae Myung ya ce ya gaya wa jami'an gwamnati da su "ba su da wani kokari" a cikin binciken su da kuma dawo da lalacewar. Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida da Tsaro ta ce mutane 2,549 sun kasance sun rasa muhallinsu, yayin da wasu gine-gine 3,776 ciki har da masana'antu, gidaje da shaguna suna buƙatar share tarkace kamar laka da ruwa.

A ranar 23 ga watan Yulin, K-water ya ce ya rage ambaliyar K-ruwa duk da ruwan sama da ya wuce karfin madatsar ruwa, tare da bude hanyoyin ruwa na madatsar ruwan biyu kawai; sauran madatsar jiragen ruwa 18 sun riƙe duk ruwa ba tare da fitarwa ba.

## Manazarta
Debra White Plume

**Debra White Plume** ( Lakota  , Agusta 20, 1954 &#x2013; Nuwamba 10, 2020) ɗan gwagwarmayar siyasa ne na Lakota kuma mai kare ruwa . Ta yi yaƙi don kare tsarin rayuwar Oglala Lakota na gargajiya.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi White Plume kuma ta girma a Pine Ridge Reservation kuma ta kasance memba na kabilar Oglala Lakota .  Mahaifinta shine John Baptiste Reshaw, kuma mahaifiyarta ita ce Bernice Ione (Swallow) Stone . 

A shekara ta 1973, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mutane na farko da suka shiga Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka ta Wounded Knee Occupation, wanda ya faru a wurin ajiyar ta a kudu maso yammacin Dakota ta Kudu.

White Plume ya kafa Owe Aku (Bring Back the Way) a cikin 1999, ƙungiyar bayar da shawarwari da aka sadaukar don adana al'adu da kare haƙƙin yarjejeniyar Lakota ta hanyar aiki kai tsaye ba tare da tashin hankali ba. Ta kasance babban darakta na kungiyar har zuwa mutuwarta.  Har ila yau, ƙungiyar ta ba da shawarar yin natsuwa tsakanin 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka tare da taken mai rikitarwa, "Sober Indian, Dangerous Indian," wanda ta bayyana a matsayin karfafa kanka ta hanyar koyarwar gargajiya tare da "tunani ba tare da magudi ba, da kuma tunani mai kyau wanda ke haifar da Indiya wanda ke da ƙarfin hali ya tsaya don haƙƙin mutanensa da haƙƙin Uwar Duniya.

A shekara ta 2011, an kama ta a waje da Fadar White House yayin zanga-zangar kan aikin Keystone Pipeline .  A shekara ta 2015, ita ce jagorar mai shigar da kara a karar da aka shigar da ita a kan Cameco don dakatar da ita daga fadada ayyukanta a Crow Butte . 

A shekara ta 2016, ta taimaka wajen kafa sansanoni ga masu zanga-zangar adawa da bututun Dakota Access kuma ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen shirya zanga-zambe ko kuma ba tare da tashin hankali ba game da zanga-zangi na Keystone XL da Dakota Access Pipeline.  Ta bayyana yayin da take Standing Rock: "Ni Lakota ne, ni mace ce, kuma ruwa shine yankin mata a cikin al'ummarmu, don haka dama ce da kuma wajibinmu na kare ruwa. Idan wani yana so ya lakafta ni, ina tsammanin zai zama mai kare ruwa. "

Ta mutu daga ciwon daji a Rapid City, Dakota ta Kudu a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba, 2020. 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Richard Ray Whitman

**Richard Ray Whitman** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1949) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Yuchi-Muscogee, mawaƙi, kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. Ya shiga cikin Muscogee Nation kuma yana zaune a Oklahoma . 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Whitman a Claremore, Oklahoma, a cikin shekara ta 1949. Kakar mahaifiyarsa ita ce Polly Long .  Kamar yawancin Yuchis, Whitman ya shiga cikin Muscogee Nation .  Ya girma a Gypsy, Oklahoma, kuma ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Bristow . Ya kuma halarci Cibiyar Harkokin Indiyawan Amurka, Cibiyar Harshen California, da Makarantar Hoto ta Oklahoma a Birnin Oklahoma.

## Ayyuka
Whitman ya fara aikinsa na fasaha a matsayin mai zane kuma ya fadada zuwa daukar hoto, shigarwa, da fasahar bidiyo. A shekara ta 1973, ya shiga cikin aikin kwana 71 na Wounded Knee kuma ya kirkiro fasaha a lokacin aikin.

### Hotuna
Whitman an san shi da hotunan baki da fari wanda ke nuna gaskiyar 'yan asalin zamani, musamman "Street Chiefs Series" daga shekarun 1970 da 1980. "Street Chiefs" yana nuna hotuna na 'yan asalin ƙasar da ba su da gida, da farko a cikin garin Oklahoma City. "An kauce wa Indiyawan zamani a cikin keɓewar canyons na birni da wuraren karkara. Rashin jin daɗi, ciwo, takaici, talauci na gaskiyar-daidaitaccen rayuwarmu yana da tsanani, ba mai kyau, kuma ba za a iya siyarwa ba. "  Hotunan hotunansa suna da tausayi da tausayi ga rayuwar 'yan asalin da ba su da gida kuma suna sanya su cikin mafi girman mahallin Cirewar Indiya, wanda ya tilasta kabilun daga ko'ina cikin ƙasar zuwa Yankin Indiya. 

Daga shekarun 1980 zuwa gaba, Whitman ya haɗa rubutu da zane-zane na kwamfuta a cikin hotunansa don ƙirƙirar haɗin kai ko kafofin watsa labarai. Ayyukansa na zamantakewar siyasa galibi suna hulɗa da batutuwan gida da kuma zubar da kaya.

### Bidiyo da aikin wasan kwaikwayo
Tare da haɗin gwiwar mawaki na Yuchi da ɗan'uwansa Joe Dale Tate Nevaquaya, Whitman ya kirkiro bidiyo don yin rikodin yaren Yuchi. Tare sun yi aiki tare da mai shirya fina-finai na Faransa Pierre Lobstein a cikin shekarun 1990. Whitman ya karanta waƙoƙin T.C. Cannon a cikin bidiyon "Mazerunner: The Life and Art of T.C". Cannon wanda Phillip Albert ya ba da umarni kuma ya gyara. An nuna wannan aikin a Gidan Tarihi na Metropolitan (3/19/1994) kuma an gabatar da shi a tashar Bravo Cable da tashar fim mai zaman kanta daga Mayu, 1995 zuwa Yuni, 1996.

## Hotunan fina-finai

### Fim din

### Talabijin

## Manazarta
Yanayin Kogin Yarra

kogin Yarra wani kogi ne a Gabashin Tsakiyar *Victoria*, Ostiraliya wanda ke gudana ta cikin birnin Melbourne . Wannan labarin ya ƙunshi bayani da jerin sunayen kogin da sauran siffofin ƙasa. Kogin yana gudana a saman yadudduka na laka wanda aka gina a cikin kwarin kogi na dā kusan shekaru 10,000-15,000 da suka gabata.

Manyan kogin kogin sune Kogin Plenty, Merri Creek, Darebin Creek, Diamond Creek, Gardiners Creek, Mullum Mullum Creek da Moonee Ponds Creek. Yana da nau'o'i daban-daban na Yanayin ƙasa ciki har da; lankwasawa, rapids, tabkuna, tsibirai, ambaliyar ruwa, billabongs, wetlands, da dai sauransu. Yawancin siffofi an sanya musu suna bayan fassarar kalmomin Woiwurrung ko suna da asalin Turai, musamman Birtaniya.

Kogin Yarra yana da wasu sunaye guda biyu "kogi mai hawa" da "Birrarung". Yarra an ba shi lakabi da kogin da ke ƙasa saboda yadda wasu daga cikinsu suke. Birrarung shine sunan farko da 'yan asalin Australiya suka ba shi.

## Haraji

Kogin Yarra yana da kusan 50 da ake kira; koguna 6, koguna 42 da kwari 2. A mafi yawan gabas, ƙananan koguna da koguna da ba a san su ba ne ke ciyar da shi wanda ke farawa a cikin Yarra Ranges a cikin Yarra Ranges National Park, wanda wani lokacin ana ciyar da shi ta hanyar dusar ƙanƙara. Da ke ƙasa akwai jerin masu goyon bayanta (daga ƙasa zuwa sama): 

Kogin Yarra ya ƙunshi nau'o'in siffofi na yanki, watakila mafi yawan su shine billabongs, wanda akwai fiye da 100, musamman a cikin ambaliyar ruwa kusa da Yering, Yarra Glen da Coldstream.  Kasancewar kogin bakin ciki na kusan tsayinsa, akwai tsibirai ko tafkuna kaɗan.  A tsakiyar kai akwai ƴan hanzari na sauƙi zuwa matsakaicin wahala, duk da haka ana rarraba su kaɗan.  A ƙasa akwai jerin fasalulluka na kogin, gami da tributaries (wanda aka nuna a cikin m) da fasali na mutum ko ƙauyuka (wanda aka nuna a cikin rubutun), don ɗaukar hoto (daga ƙasa zuwa sama):: 
 
## Manazarta
Philip Yenyo

**Philip Yenyo** ɗan asalin ƙasar Amirka ne mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama. Yana daya daga cikin fitattun masu fafutuka da yawa don jagorantar yunkurin adawa da amfani da Hotunan 'yan asalin Amurka a matsayin kayan wasan motsa jiki.

## Yunkurin fafutuka
Yenyo shi ne babban darakta na Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka ta Ohio (Ohio AIM).  Ya kasance tsohon co-shugaba na Kwamitin Shekaru 500 na Daraja da Tsayayya. Ƙungiyar ta ƙarshe tana aiki a matsayin ƙungiya mai tallafawa 'yan asalin ƙasar, ƙungiya mai al'adu da aka sadaukar don ƙarfafa haƙƙin al'adun ɗan adam na' yan asalin ƙasar da ke zaune a yankin Arewa maso gabashin Ohio.

Yenyo ya sadaukar da wani bangare mai mahimmanci na albarkatun don nuna rashin amincewa da amfani da mascot na Cif Wahoo da Indiyawa na Cleveland suka yi. "Zan so in ga sunan da tambarin sun canza. Dukansu dole ne su tafi. "  Daga tambarin, Yenyo ya ce, "Amma ina tsammanin mutanenmu da sauransu sun fahimci cewa wannan caricature na mutanensu a matsayin jan fuska, mai murmushi yana cutar da mu da al'adunmu kuma ya yi hakan shekaru da yawa. "  "Wannan hoton, yawancin ƙungiyoyin wasanni suna da sunan dabbobi kuma sun sanya mu cikin wannan rukuni. Mu har yanzu al'adun Indiya ne masu rai kuma muna da muke da rai. " "Lokacin da muka gaya wa mutane cewa gashin yana da tsarki a gare mu, yana da tsarki kamar gicciye na Kirista, wasu daga cikinsu sun fara zuwa kuma sun fara fahimta, "in ji shi. "Lokacin da ka fara bayyana wa mutane yadda yake shafar mu a matsayin mutane kuma yana sanya mu cikin rukuni tare da dabbobi, sun fara ganin gefenmu. "

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Shi dan asalin Mexica ne.

## Manazarta