open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Marja Väisälä

**Marja Ilmatar Väisälä** (haihuwa: 9 ga Mayu shekara ta 1916 a Helsinki, Finland  - 21 ga Disamba shekara ta 2011 a Turku) malamar lissafi ce da kuma kimiyya Wanda a 1950 ta bude makaranta kudi a Swakopmund da yanzu itace kasar Namibia Wanda ta koyar da 'ya'yan mutanen mishan. 

## Farkon rayuwa
Marja Väisälä diya ce ga wani masanin falaki mai Yrjö äisälä Wanda sannanen wajen gano kananan duniyoyi. Bayan ta gama karatun jami'a da zata je tayi ma mahaifinta aiki a matsayin mataimakiya.

## Ayyuka
Väisälä tazo Afirka a 1949. Ta shafe shekara daya a Afirka ta kudu wajen koyin muhimman yaren kudancin Afirka wanda sune Turanci da kuma Afrikaans.

## Manazarta
Manufar Biza na Mauritius

Masu ziyara a **[[Moris|Mauritius]]** dole ne su sami biza a gaba, sai dai idan sun kasance ɗan ƙasar da ba ta da biza ko kuma sun cancanci samun biza idan sun isa.

Yayin da akasarin masu ziyara a Mauritius ba su da biza ko kuma za su iya samun biza idan sun isa, dole ne ‘yan ƙasar wasu ƙasashe su sami biza a gaba kafin a ba su izinin shiga ƙasar.

## Abubuwan Shiga
Ana buƙatar matafiya masu shiga Mauritius su cika "Form ɗin Balaguro Duk-In-Ɗaya" ta Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Lafiya, ko dai ta kan layi ko kuma idan sun isa Mauritius.

A karkashin dokar Mauritius, ana buƙatar duk baƙi su riƙe shaidar isassun kuɗi don rufe zaman su (mafi ƙarancin dalar Amurka 100 kowace rana), an tabbatar da ajiyar otal da takaddun da ake buƙata don makomarsu ta gaba.

## Keɓe Biza
Masu rike da fasfo din da kasashe ko yankuna ke bayarwa ba sa bukatar biza don shiga Mauritius. An iyakance su zuwa matsakaicin zama na kwanaki 180 a kowace shekara don ziyarar yawon shakatawa da matsakaicin tsawon kwanaki 120 a kowace shekara don ziyarar kasuwanci (sai dai in an faɗi):
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## Isowar Biza
Baƙi daga kowace ƙasa ko yanki waɗanda ba a keɓe biza ba kuma ba a haɗa su a babi na gaba za su iya samun biza lokacin isowa na tsawon kwanaki 60. Koyaya, masu riƙe fasfo na gaba suna da haƙƙin biza lokacin isowa yana aiki na makonni 2:

Aljeriya

Najeriya 

Iran

Madagaska

Komoros

## Manazarta
Manufar Biza na Sudan

Masu ziyara a **Sudan** dole ne su sami biza daga ɗaya daga cikin ofisoshin diflomasiyyar Sudan, sai dai idan sun fito daga ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen da aka keɓe biza. Duk masu ziyara dole ne su riƙe fasfo na aiki na tsawon watanni 6 daga ranar zuwa.

## Keɓewar Biza
Jama'a na waɗannan ƙasashe 5 na iya ziyartar Sudan ba tare da biza ba, don tsayawa har zuwa lokacin da aka jera:[1]

1 - Dole ne ya isa kai tsaye daga Yemen

'Yan kasar Saudiyya ba sa bukatar biza don ziyarar kasuwanci, matukar sun gabatar da wata wasika da ma'aikatar zuba jari ta Sudan ta bayar na tabbatar da ziyarar tasu ta kasuwanci.

•Sudan da Saint Kitts da Nevis sun rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar hana biza.

## Biza a isowa
Jama'a na ƙasashe 4 masu zuwa za su iya samun bizar Sudan idan isowa:

Eritrea

Kenya

Maleshiya

Turkiyya 

Bugu da ƙari, mutanen da suka gabatar da shaidar mahaifin ɗan Sudan za su iya samun biza idan sun isa, ba tare da la’akari da ƙasarsu ta yanzu ba. Mutanen da suka auri ɗan ƙasar Sudan (maza da mata) suma suna iya samun biza idan sun kawo takardar shaidar aure mai inganci.

## Rijistar ƴan sanda
Ana buƙatar Rijistar 'yan sanda na tilas ga duk ƙasashe a cikin sa'o'i 24 da isowa.

## Hana Shiga
A baya can, an ƙi shiga da wucewa ga ƴan ƙasar Isra’ila, ko da ba za su bar jirgin ba kuma suna tafiya da jirgi ɗaya. An kuma ƙi shigar da fasfo ko takaddun balaguro mai ɗauke da biza ko tambarin shiga da Isra’ila ta bayar. Sai dai akwai yiyuwar wannan bayani ya canja domin a yanzu Sudan ta kulla huldar diflomasiyya da Isra'ila.

Har ila yau, ba a ƙi shiga da wucewa ga masu riƙe fasfo na yau da kullun ga ƴan ƙasar Bangladesh sai dai idan sun isa ga tawaga ta kasuwanci ko kuma a matsayin ɗaliban da ke karatu a wata jami'a ta Sudan da ke da takardar izinin zama.

## Manazarta
Mata a kasar Masar

Matsayin **mata a kasar Misira** ya canza a tsawon lokaci, daga zamanin zuwa zamanin zamani. Rubuce-rubucen archaeological na farko sun nuna cewa an dauki matan kasar Masar daidai da maza ba tare da la'akari da Matsayin aure ba.

Hakkin mata a kasar Misira ya fadada a karni na 20. Koyaya, rashin daidaito na doka ya ci gaba, tare da dokokin yanzu da ke nuna bambanci sosai tsakanin mata da maza a fannonin aure da saki.

## Mata a zamanin  kasar Misira

An bayyana mata ƙasa da maza idan ya zo ga shugaba mafi girma a cikin matsayi na kasar Masar ƙidaya manoma. Wannan Matsayi yayi kama da yadda ake bi da manoma a Zamanin Tsakiya. Yayinda suke yara, an haifi mata don su dogara ne kawai ga iyayensu da 'yan uwan su. Lokacin da mata suka  samu yin aure, sun dogara ga mazaje aure su dan su rika yin shawara da su  yayin da mata da kansu suka dogara da su don gudanar da ayyukan gida.
Manufar Biza na Malawi

Masu ziyara zuwa **[[Malawi]]** dole ne su sami takardar biza ta lantarki sai dai idan sun fito daga ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen da aka keɓe biza ko kuma ƙasashen da suka cancanci biza idan sun isa.

## Keɓe Biza
Jama'a na ƙasashe da yankuna masu zuwa na iya ziyartar Malawi har tsawon kwanaki 90 ba tare da biza ba:

Masu riƙe da diflomasiyya, sabis ko fasfo na hukuma na kowace ƙasa da ke tafiya kan aiki ba sa buƙatar biza na kwanaki 90. Da Laissez-Passer masu rike da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Tarayyar Afirka, Bankin Raya Afirka, Kungiyar Kula da Red Locust ta kasa da kasa ta Tsakiya da Kudancin Afirka da yankin ciniki mai fifiko.

Masu riƙe da tikitin zuwa gaba na iyakar lokacin wucewa na sa'o'i 24 na iya wucewa ba tare da biza ta Malawi ba. Wannan wurin ba ya aiki ga 'yan ƙasar Masar, Iraki, Kazakhstan, Rasha, Sudan, Siriya, Ukraine, Uzbekistan da Yemen.

## Isowar Biza
'Yan ƙasa na wasu ƙasashe na iya samun biza idan sun isa Malawi. Bayanin kan waɗanne ƙasashe ne suka cancanci bai dace ba.

Dangane da manufar ziyarar, matafiyi da ke da ingantaccen biza ana ba su Izinin Baƙi (VP) ko Ziyarar Kasuwanci (BV) a tashar shigarwar mai aiki na kwanaki 30 kuma ana iya tsawaita har zuwa iyakar kwanaki 90.

## e-Biza
Malawi ta ƙaddamar da tsarin aikace-aikacen e-Biza akan 1 Nuwamba 2019

## Manazarta
Manufofin Biza na Biritaniya na Ƙasashen Waje

Ƙasashen Waje na **[[Birtaniya|Biritaniya]]** suna kiyaye nasu buƙatun shiga daban da tsarin biza na Burtaniya. A matsayinka na gaba ɗaya, ƴan ƙasar Biritaniya ba su da haƙƙin zama ta atomatik a waɗannan yankuna.

## Akrotiri da Dhekelia
Manufofin biza na Akrotiri da Dhekelia iri ɗaya ne da na Cyprus, wanda ke bin ka'idar biza ta yankin Schengen. Koyaya, tsayawa fiye da kwanaki 28 a cikin kowane wata 12 yana buƙatar izini. Yankin yana da buɗe kan iyaka da Cyprus, amma yana sarrafa shigarwa daga Arewacin Cyprus.

## Anguilla
Ana ba da matsakaicin zaman kyauta na watanni 3 ga 'yan ƙasa na duk ƙasashen Tarayyar Turai, Andorra, Antigua da Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Kanada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominika, East Timor, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Hong Kong, Iceland, Isra'ila, Japan, Kiribati, Liechtenstein, Macau, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Monaco, Namibia, Nauru, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Saint Kitts da Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent da Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Seychelles, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Koriya ta Kudu, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tonga, Trinidad da Tobago, Tuvalu, United Kingdom, Amurka, Uruguay, Vanuatu da Yammacin Sahara.

Bugu da ƙari, masu riƙe da ingantacciyar biza ko izinin zama na Burtaniya, Amurka ko Kanada ba sa buƙatar biza ta Anguilla.

Daga Janairu 2021, sauran matafiya na iya yin amfani da kan layi don takardar visa ta lantarki.

## Bamuda

Bermuda - Yana bin galibin manufofin biza na Burtaniya. Ana ba da izinin zama kyauta ga 'yan ƙasa na duk ƙasashen Tarayyar Turai, Andorra, Antigua da Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Kanada, Chile, Costa Rica, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Hong Kong, Iceland, Isra'ila, Japan, Kiribati, Kuwait, Liechtenstein, Macao, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Monaco, Nauru, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Oman, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Qatar, Saint Kitts da Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent da Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles , Singapore, Solomon Islands, Koriya ta Kudu, Switzerland, Taiwan, [b] Tonga, Trinidad da Tobago, Tuvalu, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Vatican City, da masu riƙe fasfo na diflomasiyya na Indonesia, Afirka ta Kudu, Turkiyya da Vietnam.

Dole ne 'yan ƙasa na wasu ƙasashe su gabatar da biza ko izinin balaguro na Burtaniya, Amurka ko Kanada (ƙasashen da ke yawan zirga-zirgar jiragen sama daga Bermuda), mai aiki na tsawon kwanaki 45 daga shirinsu na tashi daga Bermuda, ko wasiƙar gwamnati da ke tabbatar da cewa sun matar Bamudiya ce ko kuma dan Bermuda ne. Tun daga 1 ga Maris 2014, Bermuda ba ta bayar da nata biza.

Ana ba baƙi izinin shiga na tsawon kwanaki 180 a cikin kowane watanni 12.

Yawancin baƙi da suka isa Bermuda (ciki har da masu zuwa ta jirgin sama, jirgin ruwa da jirgin ruwa) sun fito daga ƙasashe masu zuwa:

## Manazarta
Lalla Zaynab

**Lalla Zaynab** ta kasance mai jagorantar ruhaniya na Musulmi na Aljeriya. Mabiyanta suna ɗaukar ta a matsayin mai tsarki mai rai, ta yi yaƙi mai tsanani game da maye gurbin barakah da Zawiya na mahaifinta tare da dan uwanta Sa'id ibn Lakhdar wanda ya shafi Gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Faransa. Daga baya ta gina abota da Isabelle Eberhardt.

## Rayuwa ta Farko
An haifi Lalla Zaynab a kusa da 1862, 'yar Muhammad bin Abi al-Qasim, wanda ya kafa kuma Shaykh na Rahmaniyya zawiya (Sufish institution) na El Hamel a Aljeriya .  Ta kasance Musulmi Sufi, kuma memba ne na dangin da suka yi iƙirarin cewa su zuriyar Muhammadu ne kai tsaye.

Kafin ta gaji mahaifinta a matsayin Shaykh na zawiya, Zaynab ta fuskanci babban adawa da zamantakewa da siyasa. Ta rayu a lokacin da al'amuran zamantakewa na al'ada a Aljeriya suka zalunta mutane bisa ga aji, jinsi da halaye na launin fata. Wannan ya fi bayyana a cikin ƙudurin da hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Faransa suka yi cewa 'yan asalin Aljeriya ba su da wayewa kuma ba su da daidaito.

A cikin al'ummar Musulmi ta Aljeriya, an nuna Zaynab a matsayin mai ban mamaki saboda tsarkakarta, ibada, zuriyar Sharifian da mu'ujizai da hukumomin addini suka danganta mata. Koyaya, kusan an rubuta wani wallafe-wallafen Larabci game da ita, saboda ta zauna a inuwar mahaifinta kafin 1897. Wannan shi ne sakamakon shekarunta, daraja, da kuma yawan girmamawa da ta ba da umarni. Irin wannan inuwa abu ne na yau da kullun ga waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin manyan Sufi, kuma ba ƙuntatawa ce ga jinsi da al'ummar Aljeriya suka tilasta mata waɗanda suka girmama ta sosai.

## Rayuwar addini da siyasa
Shaykh ya sake fama da ciwon zuciya a 1897 wanda ya haifar da mutuwarsa. Wannan ya haifar da yakin maye gurbin tsakanin Lalla Zaynab da dan uwanta, Muhammad b al Hajj Muhammad . Da yake tara sojojin Bu Sa'ad, Muhammad b al Hajj Muhammad ya isa ƙofar Zawiya ta Zaynab don ya rataye da'awarsa. Koyaya, Zaynab ta ki amincewa da ikon ruhaniya da na ɗabi'a na dan uwanta a kan dalilai biyu. Da farko, an dauki Muhammadu a matsayin marar tsoron Allah kuma na duniya, wanda ya sa bai cancanci ayyukan matsayin ba kuma bai cancancin maye gurbin Shaykh na baya ba. Na biyu, Zaynab ta yi iƙirarin cewa wasikar gabatarwa da mahaifinta ya rubuta a 1897 da ke da'awar Muhammad b al Hajj Muhammad ya zama magajin da ya dace yana da shakka ko watakila an tilasta shi, kuma mahaifinta ne ya rubuta shi lokacin da 'ƙwarewarsa ke raguwa.

## Manazarta
Martin Ziguélé

**Martin Ziguélé** (an haife shi 12 Fabrairu 1957 [1]) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Tsakiya ne wanda ya kasance Firayim Minista na Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya daga 2001 zuwa 2003. Ya kasance na biyu a Zaben shugaban kasa na 2005 kuma a halin yanzu shi ne Shugaban kungiyar Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People (MLPC).

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Ziguélé a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu 1957. Mahaifinsa ya yi aiki a matsayin soja. Ya kammala karatun firamare a Paoua a shekarar 1968. Bayan haka, ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Petit séminaire a Bossangoa kuma ya kammala a shekarar 1972. Daga nan ya shiga Lycée des Rapides a Bangui kuma ya kammala a 1975. Daga baya, ya yi karatu a Institut international des assurances a Yaounde daga 1976 zuwa 1978. Ya kuma yi karatun wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi a Jami'ar Bangui kuma ya kammala shi a shekarar 1982.)

## Ayyuka
Ziguélé ya fara aikinsa yana aiki a Sashen Kula da Inshora na Ma'aikatar Kudi a shekarar 1978. Bayan haka, ya yi aiki a wurare daban-daban a Entreprise d'état d'assurances et de réassurances (SIRIRI) a Bangui daga 1988 zuwa 1995. Daga nan sai ya koma Lomé don yin aiki a Compagnie commune de réassurance des états membres de la conférence internationale de contrôle d'assurance (CICA-RE) a matsayin shugaban sashi na al'amuran da ba na Afirka ba na tsawon shekaru biyar. A shekara ta 2000, ya koma Bangui kuma ya zama darektan reshen BEAC Bangui.

## Ayyukan siyasa
A shekara ta 1979, Ziguélé ya fara aikinsa na siyasa ta hanyar shiga MLPC.
Shugaba Ange-Félix Patassé ne ya nada Ziguélé a matsayin Firayim Minista a ranar 1 ga Afrilu 2001, ya maye gurbin Anicet-Georges Dologuélé. Ya riga ya zauna a Lomé, Togo na tsawon shekaru ashirin kuma ya kasance memba na zartarwa na MLPC. Ya kuma rike mukamin Ministan Kudi. Ziguélé ya bar mukamin lokacin da shugaban 'yan tawaye François Bozizé ya hau mulki bayan ya kama babban birnin, Bangui, a ranar 15 ga Maris 2003. An ba Ziguélé izinin zuwa gudun hijira a Faransa.

Da farko an hana Ziguélé yin takara a zaben shugaban kasa na 2005, tare da wasu 'yan takara shida, ta hanyar hukuncin kotu a ranar 30 ga Disamba, 2004. Daga baya Bozizé ya sake dawo da shi a matsayin dan takara, tare da wasu 'yan takara biyu, a ranar 4 ga Janairu. Daga baya a watan Janairu, an ba da izinin dukkan 'yan takarar da aka hana, ban da Patassé, su gudu; bayan wannan, jam'iyyar Patassé ta, MLPC, ta goyi bayan Ziguélé don zaben. A baya, yana gudana a matsayin mai zaman kansa. An gudanar da zaben ne a ranar 13 ga Maris, 2005, kuma Ziguélé ya kasance na biyu tare da kashi 23.5% na kuri'un bisa ga sakamakon hukuma. Ya fuskanci Bozizé a zagaye na biyu na jefa kuri'a, kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya nisanta kansa daga Patassé a cikin kamfen ɗin, amma an ci shi kuma ya ɗauki kashi 35.4% na kuri'un.

## Manazarta
Kamfanin Kera Makamai na Zimbabwe

**Kamfanin Kera Makamai** kamfani ne na kera makamai da sayen makamai na Zimbabwe wanda ke da hedikwata a Harare, tare da mayar da hankali kan wasanni da makamai na soja.  A baya ya kuma ƙera zagaye na tururi, ma'adanai na ƙasa, da motocin yaƙi masu sauƙi kamar Gazelle FRV. A ƙarshen shekarun 1990s, ZDI ta shiga cikin manyan yarjejeniyar makamai tsakanin China da sauran gwamnatocin Afirka kamar Jamhuriyar Kongo. Rashin tattalin arziki da ya biyo baya a Zimbabwe, da kuma rushewar Dalar Zimbabwe a kan manyan kudaden duniya, sun tilasta ZDI ta iyakance ayyukanta ga fitar da kayan aiki na biyu daga Sojojin Tsaro na Zimbabwe.

## Tarihi
Kafin Rhodesia ta amince da 'yancin kai a duniya a matsayin Zimbabwe a cikin 1980, takunkumin makamai da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta sanya ya iyakance ikon kasar na sabunta makamanta. A matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin maye gurbin shigo da kayayyaki da aka fara a lokacin Rhodesian Bush War, an canza motocin kasuwanci don amfani da soja da kuma nau'ikan bindigogi masu sauƙi da yawa. An kuma samar da ƙananan makamai kamar Kommando LDP da bindigogin Rhogun, kodayake da farko ga fararen hula; an tsara mafi yawan makamai na Rhodesia tare da waɗanda ba su saba da sarrafa bindigogi a zuciya ba. Masana'antar cikin gida ta ci gaba da dogaro da taimakon fasaha na Afirka ta Kudu don inganta fitar da kayayyakinta da sauƙaƙe rarraba gaba ɗaya. An tattara makamai ta mutum ta hanyar hadin gwiwa tsakanin injiniyoyin farar hula da kamfanonin da ke sarrafa ƙarfe. Sojojin tsaro na Rhodesia a wasu lokuta suna ba da hadin kai tare da takwarorinsu na Afirka ta Kudu don tsara kayan aiki wanda daga baya za a iya samar da su a Afirka ta Kudu kuma a shigo da su ta hanyar keta embargo.

## Rukunoni
Masana'antar Tsaro ta Zimbabwe tana aiki da wani kayan aiki a Domboshawa, wanda aka sani da Elphida, inda take kera makamai da harsashi. An kuma ce yana da shuka mai laushi, inda aka samar da harsashi na 155 mm, masu jefa rokoki da grenades na hannu.  Tun daga shekara ta 2008 babban masana'antar ta yi aiki a matakin da ya ragu sosai, kawai tana ba da ƙananan makamai da ƙananan makami. Takunkumin Amurka da Tarayyar Turai da kuma kashe hannun jari, wanda ya hada da fitowar ma'aikatan da suka kware a fasaha, sun lalata ikon ZDI na ci gaba da masana'antu. Injin masana'antar ya tsufa kuma babu albarkatun da za su maye gurbin ko ma gyara shi. ZDI har yanzu yana da tarin makamai amma ba zai iya biyan farashi na yanzu ba, gami da albarkatun kasa. Ya zuwa Maris 2015 Manajan Darakta Dube ya tabbatar da cewa an dakatar da dukkan layin samarwa.

## Manazarta

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Kungiyar Rugby ta Zimbabwe

**Ƙungiyar Rugby ta Zimbabwe**, wacce ake kira Sables, tana wakiltar Zimbabwe Rugby Union a gasar kasa da kasa. Duk da yake bangarorin da ke wakiltar mulkin mallaka na Rhodesia sun yi wasa tun farkon 1910, ƙungiyar rugby ta zamani ta Zimbabwe ba ta buga gwajin farko ba har zuwa 1981, a kan Kenya. Zimbabwe ta fafata a gasar cin kofin duniya sau biyu, a 1987 da 1991, a madadin Afirka ta Kudu, wadanda IRB ta ba da izini a lokacin saboda wariyar launin fata. An rarraba Zimbabwe a matsayin Tier 3 Development One, wanda ke ba da fifiko ga Zimbabwe akan sauran ƙasashe saboda nasarar tarihi da kuma shahararren rugby a cikin ƙasar.

A lokacin mulkin mallaka, ƙungiyar tana da alaƙa da ƙungiyoyin Tsibirin Burtaniya masu yawon shakatawa, waɗanda ke buga wasanni a kai a kai a kansu a cikin yawon shakataw na Afirka ta Kudu; yawon shakata na farko ya kasance a 1910 lokacin da aka san Zimbabwe da Kudancin Rhodesia. Har ila yau, kungiyar ta buga wa New Zealand wasa a lokuta da yawa, na farko a ƙarshen shekarun 1920; Zimbabwe ita ce kadai kasa da ba ta Tier 1 ba da ta ci All Blacks, yayin da Kudancin Rhodesia ta ci New Zealand a 1947.

Zimbabwe a halin yanzu tana fafatawa a gasar cin Kofin Zinare na Afirka, wanda aka dauka daidai da kasashe shida a Afirka.Zimbabwe ta lashe gasar sau biyu, a gasar cin Kofin Afirka na 2012 da gasar cin kocin Rugby ta 2024, kuma ta kammala a cikin 2013, 2014, da 2015. Ba tare da Springboks ba, Zimbabwe tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe 3 kawai a Afirka da suka cancanci gasar cin Kofin Duniya na Rugby, sauran su ne Namibia da Ivory Coast. Sables suna ci gaba da tsananin gasa tare da makwabta na yankin Namibia da Kenya, yayin da kasashe uku suka yi gwagwarmaya don rinjayar Afirka tun daga shekarun 2000.

## Tarihi
Lokacin da Pioneer Column ya isa Rhodesia daga Lardin Cape a cikin 1890, ya kawo 'yan wasan rugby na farko na kasar. Kungiyoyin da suka fi tsufa a kasar, Queens da Bulawayo Athletic Club, an kafa su ne a 1894 a Bulawayo kuma an kafa Rhodesia Rugby Football Union shekara guda bayan haka a 1895.

Yawon shakatawa na farko da ƙungiyar Rhodesian ta yi zuwa Afirka ta Kudu ya faru ne a shekara ta 1898, kuma ya ƙunshi 'yan wasa daga manyan kungiyoyi biyar a cikin manyan ƙauyuka biyu na Bulawayo da Salisbury, wanda a yau ake kira Harare.
## Nasarori

## Manazarta
Dokar Kasa ta Zimbabwe

**Dokar Kasa ta Zimbabwe** ta tsara ta Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Zimbabwe, kamar yadda aka gyara; Dokar' yan kasa ta Zimbabwe, da sake dubawa; da kuma yarjejeniyoyi daban-daban na kasa da kasa wanda kasar ta sanya hannu. Wadannan dokoki sun ƙayyade wanda ya cancanci zama, ɗan ƙasar Zimbabwe. Hanyar shari'a don samun kasa, zama memba na doka a cikin ƙasa, ya bambanta da dangantakar cikin gida na haƙƙoƙi da wajibai tsakanin ƙasa da ƙasa, wanda aka sani da zama ɗan ƙasa. Nationality yana bayyana dangantakar mutum da jihar a karkashin dokar kasa da kasa, yayin da zama ɗan ƙasa shine dangantakar cikin gida na mutum a cikin al'umma. Kasashen Commonwealth galibi suna amfani da kalmomin ƙasa da zama ɗan ƙasa a matsayin ma'ana, duk da bambancin shari'arsu da kuma gaskiyar cewa hukumomin gwamnati daban-daban ne ke tsara su. Ana samun 'yancin Zimbabwe a ƙarƙashin shugaban jus sanguinis, watau ta hanyar haihuwa ga iyaye masu' yancin Zimbabwe.  Ana iya ba da shi ga mutanen da ke da alaƙa da ƙasar, ko kuma ga mazaunin dindindin wanda ya zauna a ƙasar na wani lokaci ta hanyar rajista, tsarin da aka sani a wasu wurare kamar zama ɗan ƙasa.

## Samun 'yancin Zimbabwe
Ana iya samun 'yan ƙasa a Zimbabwe a lokacin haihuwa ko daga baya a rayuwa ta hanyar rajista.
### Ta hanyar haihuwa
Yawanci, a Zimbabwe, tanadi don samun kasa ta hanyar jus soli, watau ta hanyar haihuwa a cikin yankin, sun dace ne kawai ga wadanda aka kafa da kuma sharuddan game da kasa biyu. Wadanda suka cancanci zama 'yan kasa ta hanyar haihuwa sun hada da:
* Mutanen da aka haifa a kasar da ke da akalla iyaye ɗaya ko kakanni waɗanda suka kasance 'yan ƙasar Zimbabwe ta hanyar haihuwa ko zuriya; 
Mutanen da aka haifa a kasashen waje waɗanda suke da aƙalla iyaye ɗaya ko kakanni waɗanda suka kasance ɗan ƙasar Zimbabwe ta hanyar haihuwa, zuriya, ko rajista kuma an yi rajistar haihuwarsu a Zimbabwe; ko 
Yara ko marayu a ƙarƙashin shekaru goma sha biyar waɗanda ba a san iyayensu ba.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin hadi na Waje
*Southern Rhodesia Act 1979
*Zimbabwe Constitution Order 1979
Synodontis granulosus

## '''Synodontis granulosus'''
Daga Wikipedia, encyclopedia na kyauta
Synodontis granulosus

Matsayin kiyayewa

Mafi Karancin Damuwa (IUCN 3.1)
Rarraba ilimin kimiyya Gyara wannan rarrabuwa
Domain: Eukaryota
Mulki: Dabbobi
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Siluriformes
Iyali: Mochokidae
Genus: Synodontis
Nau'in: S. granulosus
Sunan binomial
Synodontis granulosus
Boulenger, 1900
Makamantu
Synodontis granulosa (siffar mata)
Synodontis granulosus wani nau'in kifin kifi ne mai juye-juye wanda ke yaduwa zuwa Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, Burundi, Zambia, da Tanzaniya, inda kawai aka san shi daga tafkin Tanganyika. Masanin dabbobi dan kasar Belgium George Albert Boulenger ne ya fara bayyana shi a cikin 1900, daga samfurori da aka tattara a wurare da yawa a bakin Tekun Tanganyika. Sunan nau'in ya fito ne daga kalmar Latin "granulum", ma'anar hatsi, kuma yana nufin granular papillae da ke kan fatar jikin kifin.
## '''Bayani'''
Kamar duk mambobi ne na zuriyar Synodontis, S. granulosus yana da capsule mai ƙarfi, na kashin kai wanda ke komawa baya har zuwa ƙarshen kashin baya na farko. Kan yana da kusan 3⁄10 na daidaitaccen tsayin kifin. Kai yana ƙunshe da ƙunƙuntacciyar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙashi, fitowar waje da ake kira tsarin humeral. Siffa da girman tsarin humeral yana taimakawa wajen gano nau'in. A cikin S. granulosus, tsarin humeral yana da kunkuntar, dogo, kuma maras kyau a bayyanarsa, tare da tsattsauran ra'ayi a gefen ƙasa.. Ƙarshen saman yana murƙushe ne kuma ƙarshen yana nuni da kaifin gaske. Yana da kusan 2⁄3 na tsawon kai. Diamita na ido ya kai kusan 1⁄7 na tsawon kai.
## '''Wurare Da hali'''

## '''Manazarta'''
Sojojin Sweden a cikin 'Yantacciyar Jihar Kwango

A tsakanin shekarun  1885 da 1908, sojojin da yawa sun taimaki Sarki Leopold II a mulkin mallakar kasar Kwango a dalilin biyansu mai tsoka da kuma damammaki da zasu samu daga gare shi. Mutanen Sweden zasu zamo na uku a yawan 'yan kasa a cikin sojojin Leopoldo II, kuma a wasu lokutan zasu rika fuskantar kabilun kasar Kwango a yaki. Duk da haka, tare da cewa an mika kasar Kwangon Leopoldo II ga kasar Belgium, da kuma tsananin shirin dakarun soja warwarewar hadinn kan kasar Sweden da kasar Norway, mafi yawan sojoji dole suka koma Sweden.

## Tushen Labari
Ana tsananin bukatar kahon giwa da roba a Turai a karshen karni na goma sha takwas, mafi akasari saboda kirkirar tayoyin roba, Kasar Kwango na da arzikin wadannan albarkatu hakan ya sa ta zamo kasar nema a Afurka. Bayan Taron Berlin 1884-1885, an amince da yankunan da Leopoldo II yake mulka a shari'ance, duk da cewa yarjejeniyar takarda ce kawai, amma a zahiri kabilun gargajiya da masarutu ke mulkar mafi akasarin yankunan kasar Kwango. Domin neman kara karfafa sarrafa ma'adanai masu yawa na yankin, Leopoldo ya nemi taimakon sojojin 'yan baranda da su taimaka masa wajen mulkin mallakar kasar Kwango. Sojojin kasar Sweden sun burge Leopold II sosai har ta kai ga ya nemesu su shiga cikin sojojinsa da ake kira ''Force Publique''. Da yawa daga cikin sojojin Sweden sun nuna ra'ayi sosai da damar Leopoldo ya basu saboda babu damammaki da isassun kudi a aikin sojan kasar Sweden, sojojin kuma sun duba damar kasar Sweden ta kara yin wani yaki a gaba yayi karanci inda zai sa samun karin girma a aikin yayi wahala.      

### Jerin sanannun sojojin Sweden wadanda suka yi tafiya zuwa Kwango
*Edde Gleerup, ya bar Sweden a cikin shekarar 1883 kuma ya zamo shugaban ofishin 'yan sanda na Kimpoko.
*Peter August Möller, ya bar Sweden a cikin shekarar 1883  ya zamo shugaban ofishin 'yan sanda na Matadi.
*Georges-Guillaume Pagels, ya bar Sweden a ranar biyu da watan March shekara ta 1883 kuma an ajiye shi Kimpoko.
*Arvid Wester,ya bar Sweden a ranar 14 ga watan Nuwamban 1883, kuma ya kasance daga cikin wanda suka kare ofishin tsaro na Stanley Falls.

## '''Manazarta'''
Gwamnatin Canji ta Tigray

**Gwamnatin Canji ta Tigray** wata gwamnati ce ta rikon kwarya da aka bayyana a hukumance ta **Majalisar Tarayya ta kasar Ethiopia** a ranar 7 ga watan Nuwamba, shekarar alif 2020, a cikin yanayin rikicin da ya kunno kai tsakanin **Hukumar Yaki ta Tigray** (TPLF), wadda ke mulki a **Jihar Tigray**, da gwamnatin tarayya ta Ethiopia. A karshen watan Nuwamba shekara ta 2020, gwamnatin, wacce **Mulu Nega** ya jagoranta, ta shirya tattaunawar jama'a da shigar da al'umma wajen zabar sabbin shugabanni a matakin jiha da kududdufai da kuma kiyaye gudanar da hukumomin **woreda** da kebele. Gwamnatin Canji ta bar Tigray a karshen watan Yuni 2021 yayin Aikin Alula.

## Asalin Rikicin
A watan Maris na shekarar 2018, Hailemariam Desalegn, Firayim Minista na Ethiopia, ya yi ritaya domin aiwatar da sauye-sauyen da ake fatan za su kai ga zaman lafiya mai dorewa da dimokiradiyya, inda ya mika mulki ga gwamnatin da Abiy Ahmed ya jagoranta. Abiy ya yi kokarin hade dukkan jam'iyyun siyasar yankuna cikin wata jam'iyyar siyasa guda daya ta tsakiya. Sai dai, TPLF, wadda ita ce jam'iyyar da ta fi kowacce karfi a Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), ta ki amincewa da wannan tsarin.
An ƙirƙiri Jam'iyyar Prosperity a matsayin haɗin gwiwar wasu jam'iyyun membobin EPRDF guda uku. A lokacin matsalar cutar COVID-19, Hukumar Zaben Kasa ta Ethiopia ta dage zaben tarayya da aka tsara a shekarar 2020. TPLF ta kafa nata hukumar zabe ta yankin domin gudanar da zabe a yankin Tigray, wanda House of Federation (HoF) ta ƙi amincewa da shi.

An gudanar da zaben yankin Tigray a ranar 9 ga watan Satumba 2020 inda TPLF ta lashe dukkan kujerun da aka yi hamayya a kansu da kuma kaso 98.2% na kuri'un.

A ranar 5 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 2020, hukumomin yankin Tigray sun kira ga jami'an gwamnati na tarayya da su yi murabus kuma su shiga cikin gwamnatin Tigray. Mafi yawan membobin Majalisar Wakilan Mutanen TPLF sun yi murabus. A ranar 7 ga Oktoba 2020, HoF ta yanke shawarar dakatar da kowanne alaka tsakanin gwamnatin tarayya da Majalisar Jihohin Yankin Tigray da kuma babban jami'in gudanarwar yankin.
HoF ta yanke shawarar katse tallafin kasafin kudi ga jihar, ta haramta dukkanin hukumomin tarayya daga aika wasiku da bayanai ga manyan hukumomin gudanarwar Tigray ko bayar da goyon baya ga hukumominsu, kuma ta hana yankin shiga tarurrukan matakin kasa. Gwamnatin Tigray ta bayyana wannan a matsayin sanarwar yaki ga yankin.

A cikin watan Nuwamba shekara ta 2020, rikicin tsakanin gwamnatin tarayya da ta Tigray ya zama rikici na soji, inda rundunar tarayya ta yi ikirarin cewa ta kama babban birnin yankin, Mekelle, a ƙarshen Nuwamba 2020.

## Manazarta
Hukuncin Yamoussoukro

**Hukuncin Yamoussoukro** yarjejeniya ce da akasarin mambobin kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka (AU) suka amince da ita, wadda ta samar da tsarin samar da 'yancin walwala da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama tsakanin kasashen Afirka, da kuma yin gasa na gaskiya tsakanin kamfanonin jiragen sama. Kasashen Afirka 44 ne suka rattaba hannu kan wannan shawarar a shekarar 1999, kuma ta zama dauri a 2002.

Yarjejeniyar ta ba da ‘yancin kai na farko da na biyu da na uku da na hudu da na biyar tsakanin dukkan kasashen da suka rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar, tare da baiwa kamfanonin jiragen sama na kasashen mambobin kungiyar ‘yanci a sararin samaniyar juna. Har ila yau, tana neman kawar da ƙuntatawa kan mallakar kamfanonin jiragen sama da kuma iya aiki da iyakokin mita kan hanyoyin tsakanin jihohin da suka sanya hannu. Aiwatar da manufofinta a aikace ya fuskanci koma baya da dama, duk da haka, ba a dukkan membobin AU aka kammala shi ba.

A cikin 2018, an ƙaddamar da Kasuwar Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Afirka guda ɗaya (SAATM), da niyyar aiwatar da cikakken hukuncin Yamoussoukro.
## Asali
An dade da fahimtar cewa sufurin jiragen sama na da matukar muhimmanci a mahallin Afirka, saboda karancin ingancin hanyoyin sufuri kamar tituna, sufurin ruwa da jirgin kasa da kuma karfin tattalin arziki na kasuwar sufurin jiragen sama na nahiyar.  Mafi yawan ababen more rayuwa na cikin gida da na ruwa a Nahiyar Afirka kafin a kare mulkin mallaka an gina su ne don jigilar albarkatu zuwa ko kuma daga bakin teku. Ganin cewa zirga-zirgar jiragen sama wata hanya ce ta kaucewa rashin haɗin gwiwar daya taso tsakanin sabbin ƙasashen Afirka masu cin gashin kai, Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Afirka (OAU) ta bayyana a cikin 1973 cewa sufurin jiragen sama na da "nisa gami da mahimmanci ga ci gaban kasuwanci tsakanin Afirka da kuma inganta yanayin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adun mutanen Afirka. Karfin ci gaba da riba a fannin, saboda yalwar albarkatu da yawan jama'a a Afirka, masu lura da al'amura sun lura sosai.

## Manazarta
Sufuri a Uganda

**Sufuri a Uganda** yana nufin tsarin sufuri da zirga-zirgan ababen hawa a ƙasar Uganda. Kasar na da babban hanyar titi wanda ke da hanyoyin asfalt da wadanda ba su da asfalt.

## Hanyoyi

A shekarar alif 2017, bisa ga Ma'aikatar Ayyuka da Sufuri ta kasar Uganda, Uganda tana da kimanin  na hanyoyi, tare da kusan adadin  (4 cikin 100) da aka shimfida asfalt. Yawancin hanyoyin da aka shimfida asfalt suna fita daga Kampala, babban birnin kasar da kuma mafi girman birni.

### Manyan tituna na duniya

Lagos-Mombasa Highway, wani bangare na Hanyar Trans-Africa wanda ke nufin haɗa Gabashin Afirka da Yammacin Afirka, yana wucewa ta Uganda. Wannan yana cikakke ne kawai daga Uganda–DR Congo iyaka zuwa Mombasa, yana haɗa Afirka Babban Lakes da teku. A Gabashin Afirka, wannan hanya tana cikin Northern Corridor.

Ba za a iya amfani da shi don isa Yammacin yankin Afirka ba saboda hanyar yamma ta DR Congo zuwa [Bangui] a cikin [Jamhuriyar Tsakiyar Afirka] (CAR) ba za ta iya wucewa ba bayan [Yaƙin Kongo na Biyu]] kuma yana buƙatar sake ginawa. Wata hanya ta dabam (ba ta hanyar sadarwa ta Trans-African ba) zuwa Bangui bisa titin tsakuwa da kuma hanyoyin ƙasa yana gudana daga Gulu a arewacin Uganda ta Nimule da Juba, Sudan ta Kudu da Obo a kudu maso gabas CAR. Ana amfani da wannan da manyan motoci amma sassan ba sa iya wucewa bayan ruwan sama.

An rufe hanyar a wasu lokutan yaki da rikici a arewacin Uganda (tawayen Lord's Resistance Army) da [Sudan ta Kudu], amma har zuwa Yuli 2007 rikicin Darfur bai shafe shi ba] kuma ita ce hanya daya tilo da ake amfani da ita tsakanin Gabas da Yammacin Afirka. Ya kamata a duba yanayin tsaro da hukumomi a arewacin Uganda, [Sudan ta Kudu] da kuma kudu maso gabashin CAR kafin amfani da su.

## Layin dogo(Zirigin Kasa)
Tun daga shekarar 2017, layin dogo na Uganda yana da tsayin . Daga cikin wannan, kusan kashi 56% (), yana aiki. 
Duk layin dogo da ke akwai shine ma'aunin mita. An shirya sabon daidaitaccen hanyar sadarwa na dogo.

Titin jirgin kasa da ya samo asali daga Mombasa akan Tekun Indiya yana haɗuwa da [Tororo]], inda yake ratsa yamma zuwa Jinja, Kampala, da Kasese da kuma arewa zuwa Mbale, Soroti, Lira, Gulu, da Pakwach. Layin jirgin kasa daya tilo da ke aiki, duk da haka, shine layin Malaba–Kampala.

### Haɗin layin dogo da ƙasashe makwabta
*  Kenya: Ee; ma'auni iri ɗaya 
*  Sudan ta Kudu: Proposed; break of ma'auni /
*  Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango: A'a; break of ma'auni /
*  Rwanda: A'a; Har yanzu ba a da hanyoyin jirgin kasa
*  Tanzaniya: Babu haɗin kai kai tsaye sai ta jirgin jirgin ƙasa; ma'auni iri ɗaya 

## Manazarta
Paapa Yankson

**Benjamin Paapa Kofi Yankson**, wanda aka fi sani da Paapa Yankson (22 Yuni 1944 - 21 Yuli 2017) mawaƙi ne mai girma na Ghana, marubucin waka, kuma furodusa. Ya yi kundin waka dozin biyu a lokacin aikinsa; Wakokinsa da suka yi fice sun hada da "Wiase Mu Nsem", "Show Your Love", "Wo Yere Anaa Wo Maame", da "Tena Menkyen". Ya lashe kyaututtuka da yawa, gami da Mafi kyawun Haɗaɗɗen waƙarsa "Yaaba" a lambar yabo ta Konkomba na 1997. Ya kasance wanda ya samu kyautar lambar yabo ta Grand Medal ta Ghana saboda gudunmawar da ya bayar ga wakokin Ghana.
## Farkon Rayuwa da ilimi

An haifi Benjamin Paapa Kofi Yankson a ranar 22 ga Yuni 1944 a Winneba da ke tsakiyar kasar Ghana. An haife shi a cikin dangin kiɗa inda mahaifinsa, Benjamin Akono Yankson,ya kasance mai busa tare da ƙungiyar Apam Brass, da mahaifiyarsa Akua Doma, mawaƙiya a cikin kungiyar Christ Little na Cocin Methodist. Ya halarci makarantar Takoradi Methodist school inda ya yi karatun firamare sannan ya wuce Ahantaman Secondary Commercial School, inda daga nan ya kammala karatunsa da satifiket a fannin stinografi. A cikin rayuwarsa na ƙuruciya, yana da sha’awar zama mawaƙi kuma yana rera waƙa tare da mahaifiyarsa akai-akai a duk lokacin da ta rera waƙa. Iyayensa, duk da haka, sun so ya shiga kasuwanci.
## Rayuwar Aiki
Bayan kammala karatunsa daga makarantar kasuwanci, Yankson ya yi aiki a Kingway Chemist a matsayin stinografa.Shekaru biyar bayan haka ya zama stinografa na Kamfanin African Timber and Plywood Company, wani reshe na Kamfanin United African Company (UAC), a Samreboi. Kamfanin yana da ƙungiyar ma'aikata - Big Sound Band - wanda ke yin aiki akai-akai bayan aiki. Yankson shi ne jagora a mawaƙan ƙungiyar a cikin shekaru huɗu da ya yi tare da kamfanin.
## Manazarta
Mutanen Yanzi

**Ƙabilar Bayanzi** (ko Yan, Yanzi, Yansi) ƙabila ce a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyar Kongo waɗanda ke zaune a kudu maso yammacin ƙasar kuma sun kai kusan miliyan bakwai.

Yanzi suna magana da Kiyansi (ko Eyans), harshe a cikin dangin Bantu. Bangaren siyasa mafi girma shine sarauta, wanda akwai kimanin 120 a karkashin sarakunan gargajiya 3 wanda mafi shahara daga cikinsu shine sarki Kinkie ko Binkie wanda sabon jigon sa shine Mfum' ngol' ko Mfumu ngolo kamar yadda Turawa suka furta (wanda aka fassara da "babba ko sarki mai ƙarfi") daga yankin Kidzweme, kuma kwanan nan magajinsa Mfum' Ntwàl Moka Ngol' Mpat', masanin tattalin arziki wanda aka horar a Harvard.

Bayanzi suna gudanar da tsarin yara zasu kasance 'yan ahalin uwa, don haka yaro yana cikin dangin uwa.

Matafiya 'yan mulkin mallaka na Belgium sun fara cin karo da su ne a Bolobo da ke kogin Kongo, a matsayin 'yan kasuwa a sama da kasan kogin. Sun dauke su aiki daga 1883, da farko a matsayin masu gadi. Bayan haka, an tilasta wa Bayanzi yin aikin noman shukar kwakwar manja, daga baya kuma aka yi amfani da su a matsayin magatakarda ko masu fassara.
## Kabilanci
'Yan kabilar Bayanzi al'ummar Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango ne a kudu maso yammacin kasar, wadanda ke magana da yaren Bantu.Sauran sunayen su sun hada da Batende, Bayansi, Mbiem, Nkaan, Wachanzi, Yansi, Yanzi, Yey.
## Yanki
‘Yan Jesuit sun rubuta al’adun gida na Bayansi, wanda da alama sun nuna cewa sun samo asali ne daga gaurayawan yankin Arewa (Sudan ta yanzu) ko Arewa maso Yamma (Gabon ta yanzu) ta hanyar hada auren sarakunan kabilu, a yankin da suka kira “Kimput” wanda ke nufin "Europa" kuma da alama yana nufin Masar (Hut-Ka-Ptah) ko Habasha "Punt". Sun yi magana game da wani babban kogi wanda ruwansa mai gishiri ne wanda har manyan kwalekwalen jiragen ruwa ba su iya hayewa. Wataƙila wannan yana nufin Tekun Atlantika ko kogin Nilu ko ma duka biyun. Sun ce sun yi zaman bauta a ƙasar Kong Mukoko, sannan suka zama yan kasuwa a bakin tafkin Malebo.
## Manazarta
Gambia a gasar Olympics

**Gambia a gasar Olympics** Gambiya ta tura 'yan wasa zuwa duk wasannin Olympics na lokacin rani da ake gudanarwa tun shekarar 1984, kodayake kasar ba ta taba samun lambar yabo ta Olympics ba. Har yanzu Gambia ba ta shiga gasar Olympics ta lokacin sanyi ba. An kafa kwamitin wasannin Olympics na kasar Gambia (GNOC) a shekarar 1972 kuma kwamitin Olympics na kasa da kasa (IOC) ya amince da shi a shekarar 1976. Kasar ta kaurace wa wasannin biyu na farko da ta samu (1976 da 1980). Tawagar ta ta farko ta kunshi 'yan wasa goma, wadanda dukkansu 'yan gudun hijira ne. Tawagogin da suka biyo baya sun hada da ‘yan kokawa (1988), dan tsalle mai tsayi (1996), dan dambe (2008), judoka (2016), da mai ninkaya (2016), amma a duk sauran shekarun kasar Gambia ta samu wakilcin ‘yan tsere ne kawai.

## Kwamitin wasannin Olympic na kasar Gambiya

An kafa kwamitin wasannin Olympics na kasar Gambia (GNOC) a shekarar 1972, amma kwamitin Olympics na kasa da kasa (IOC) bai amince da shi ba sai a shekarar 1976. GNOC tana da hedikwatar Olympic House dake Bakau. A watan Afrilun 2014, bisa umarnin gwamnati, 'yan sanda sun kwace ginin tare da hana ma'aikatan GNOC shiga. A lokaci guda kuma, Ma'aikatar Matasa da Wasanni ta sanya dokar hana zirga-zirga ga jami'an GNOC. Rikicin ya sa Gambia ba ta tura 'yan wasa zuwa gasar matasa ta Afirka na 2014 a Botswana. Bayan Allah wadai da IOC, an sake bude gidan Olympic a watan Agusta, amma gwamnati ta ci gaba da kula da shiga ginin. A wata mai zuwa ne aka gudanar da taron rikicin, inda aka yi barazanar dakatar da GNOC idan gwamnati ba ta daina tsoma baki ba. Duk da wa'adin farko na bude gidan Olympics bai cika ba, daga karshe dai an warware lamarin ba tare da dakatar da shi ba.

## Tarihi
### Farkon Shekaru
Gasar Olympics ta bazara a 1976 a Montreal, da ita ce gasar farko ta Gambia amma ta shiga kasashe 28 a kauracewa shiga (mafi yawansu suma na Afirka ne). Wannan kauracewa gasar dai an yi shi ne don nuna rashin amincewa da matakin da IOC ta dauka na bai wa New Zealand damar shiga gasar, duk da cewa kungiyar ta Rugby ta karya kauracewa wasannin kasa da kasa na Afirka ta Kudu a farkon shekarar. Ita ma Gambiya an gayyace ta zuwa gasar Olympics ta bazara ta Moscow a shekarar 1980, amma ta ki amsa gayyatar da aka yi mata, ta shiga kaurace wa zaben da Amurka ta jagoranta. Daga karshe kasar ta fara fitowa a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta Los Angeles 1984, inda ta tura 'yan wasa goma (maza shida da mata hudu) wadanda dukkansu suka fafata a gasar. Amie N'Dow ita ce 'yar Gambia daya tilo da ta tsallake rijiya da baya, inda ta kai wasan daf da na kusa da na karshe a tseren mita 200 na mata. A gasar Olympics ta bazara ta Seoul 1988, Gambia ta aika da 'yan wasa shida - 'yan wasa uku (maza biyu da mace daya) da 'yan kokawa uku (duk maza). Flagbearer Dawda Jallow ya yi wasan daf da na kusa da karshe a tseren mita 400 na maza.

## Manazarta
Zafimaniry

**Zafimaniry** ƙaramin rukuni ne na ƙabilar Betsileo na Madagascar. Suna zaune ne a cikin dazuzzukan tsaunukan kudancin tsakiyar tsaunukan kudu maso gabashin Ambositra, tsakanin al'ummomin Betsileo da Tanala maƙwabta. Akwai kusan kauyuka 100 na Zafimaniry, waɗanda ke tallafawa al'umma kusan 25,000. Zafimaniry suna magana da yare na yaren Malagasy, wanda reshe ne na rukunin harshen Malayo-Polynesian wanda ya fito daga harsunan Barito, waɗanda ake magana da su a kudancin Borneo.

An san su da ilimin sassaƙan itace da fasaha, wanda aka ƙara a cikin 2003 zuwa jerin abubuwan al'adun gargajiya na UNESCO na duniya. Wannan salon aikin itace ya kasance ruwan dare a duk faɗin Madagascar amma ya ragu saboda sare dazuzzuka. Masana tarihi sunyi la'akari da fasahar su don ba da haske game da fasahar da aka yi amfani da su a baya a Madagascar.
## Asalin kabilanci
Akwai kimanin Zafimaniry 25,000 a Madagascar a yau. Zafimaniry zuriya ce ta duka kabilun Betsimisaraka da Tanala, amma an bambanta su da su ta farko ta yanayin dazuzzukan dazuzzukan tsaunuka masu sanyi da sanyi inda suka zauna. A cikin tsoffin yankunan Zafimaniry inda aka yi asarar dajin kuma aka fara noman shinkafa, waɗannan al'ummomi suna ɗaukar Betsileo ta "ainihin" Zafimaniry waɗanda har yanzu suna zaune a cikin gandun daji kuma suna kula da tsarin rayuwarsu na al'ada.
## Tarihi
Mutanen Zafimaniry sun yi hijira zuwa dazuzzukan kudu maso gabashin Madagascar a karni na 18 saboda karuwar sare itatuwa a wasu sassan tsibirin.

Kauyukan Zafimaniry na daga cikin wadanda sojojin Faransa suka kai wa harin ramuwar gayya a lokacin boren adawa da mulkin mallaka a shekara ta 1947, lamarin da ya sa mazauna kauyuka da dama tserewa zuwa cikin dajin da suka yi hijira tsawon shekaru biyu. Al'ummar Zafimaniry dai ba su da hannu musamman a cikin tashin hankalin, amma sun sha wahala sosai saboda ƙauyukansu na kan hanyar da manyan al'ummomin yankin kudu maso gabas suka bi don isa sansanin Faransawa a tsakiyar tsaunukan tsaunuka, wanda hakan ya sa Faransawa suka yi imanin cewa Zafimaniry na da hannu a ciki. Yayin da sojojin Faransa suka “tsare” sassa daban-daban na yankin Zafimaniry, sun kame mazauna yankin tare da tura su sansanonin taro,  wani lokaci ma suna kona kauyukan.
## Manazarta
Albert Zafy

**Albert Zafy** (1 Mayu 1927 - 13 Oktoba 2017) ɗan siyasan Malagasy ne kuma malami wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Madagascar na huɗu daga 1993 zuwa 1996. A cikin 1988, ya kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Dimokuradiyya da Ci Gaba (UNDD).

A cikin 1992, Zafy ya tsaya a matsayin dan takarar shugaban kasa da Shugaba Didier Ratsiraka. Ba da jimawa ba zaben ya zama zagaye na biyu tsakanin ‘yan takarar biyu. A shekara ta 1993, Zafy ya lashe zaben fidda gwani da gagarumin rinjaye, inda ya samu kashi 67% na kuri’un da aka kada. A lokacin da yake shugaban kasa, Zafy ya samu karancin kuri'u saboda tabarbarewar tattalin arziki tare da zargin cin hanci da rashawa a ofishinsa. An tsige shi a shekarar 1996 sannan Ratsiraka ya kada shi a zaben shugaban kasa na 1996. Bayan ya bar mulki, Zafy ya ci gaba da taka rawa a harkokin siyasa a matsayinsa na jagoran adawa a karkashin gwamnatocin da suka shude.
## rayuwa da farkon aiki
An haifi Zafy a Ambilobe, yankin Diana a ranar 1 ga Mayu 1927. Ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Montpellier da ke Faransa. Bayan ya koma Madagascar ya zama ministan lafiya da zamantakewa a karkashin Gabriel Ramanantsoa. Bayan da Didier Ratsiraka ya karbi mulki a shekarar 1975, Zafy ya yi murabus daga gwamnati ya shiga jami'ar Madagascar.
## Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa
Zafy ya mutu ne sakamakon bugun jini a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 2017 a wani asibiti a Saint-Pierre a sashen Faransa na Réunion na ketare yana da shekaru 90.

## Manazarta
Benjamin Yeaten

**Benjamin Yeaten** (an haife shi 28 ga Fabrairu 1969), wanda aka fi sani da tsohuwar alamar kiran rediyon sa "50", jagoran mayakan sa kai na Laberiya ne kuma sojan haya, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Soja na Mataimakin Kwamanda na Laberiya kuma Darakta na Sabis na Tsaro na Musamman ( SSS) a lokacin shugabancin Charles Taylor. Sananne wurin aikata laifukan yaƙi da dama, Yeaten ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin amintattun mabiyan Taylor kuma masu aminci. Ya kai matsayin shugaban dukkan sojojin Taylor kuma mutum na biyu mafi karfi a gwamnatin a lokacin yakin basasar Laberiya na biyu. Bayan faduwar gwamnatin Taylor, ya yi nasarar tserewa daga kasarsa, kuma tun daga lokacin yana aiki a boye a yammacin Afirka a matsayin kwamanda,mai daukar ma'aikata, kuma mai ba da shawara kan harkokin soja na haya.

## Farkon Rayuwa
An haifi Benjamin Yeaten a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu 1969 a Tiaplay, gundumar Nimba, Laberiya, wanda yana ɗaya daga yankuna a Laberiya waɗanda suka fi shan wahala a ƙarƙashin mulkin Samuel Doe. Sakamakon haka, Yeaten ya shiga rundunar 'yan tawayen da Charles Taylor yake ginawa a zaman gudun hijira a Tajura, Libya. A lokacin da aka shigar da shi, ya kasance dan shekara 14 ko 15 kuma daya daga cikin mafi ƙanƙanta a shekaru da aka dauka a cikin sabuwar rundunar.Nuna ƙuduri, jaruntaka da aminci a lokacin horon guerrilla a Tajura, Yeaten ya burge Taylor kansa.

Da rundunar 'yan tawayensa ta hade a hukumance a matsayin National Patriotic Front of Laberiya (NPFL), Taylor ya kaddamar da tawaye ga gwamnatin Doe a 1989, wanda ya fara yakin basasa na farko na Laberiya. Yeaten kuma ya shiga cikin yakin basasa, kuma ya tashi cikin sauri a cikin NPFL. Yeaten ya kasance kusa da shugabansa, yana kallonsa a matsayin “uba”. Bi da bi, Taylor ya amince da shi, kuma an kwatanta Yeaten a matsayin "Ɗan magaji na Taylor a cikin tsarin 'yan tawaye" a lokacin. A cikin yakin basasa na farko, Yeaten kuma ya sami sunansa na tsoro da rashin tausayi. Mutanen da ke ƙarƙashin ikonsa sun yi kisan kiyashi da yawa, kamar na Carter Camp a 1993, inda aka kashe fararen hula sama da 600.

## Manazarta
Syphilis in sub-Saharan Africa

## '''Syphilis a sub-Sahara Afrika'''

Mutumin da ke da ciwon sifili a Jamus ta Gabashin Afirka, c. farkon shekarun 1900
Cutar syphilis, cuta ce da ake yadawa ta hanyar jima'i, babbar haɗari ce ga lafiyar jama'a, musamman a ƙasashe masu tasowa, ciki har da na Afirka kudu da hamadar Sahara. Cutar, wadda ake jayayya a tsakanin masu bincike, asalinta, ta isa Afirka ne a cikin karni na 16. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ta yadu ga daidaikun mutane a fadin nahiyar. Yana da matukar tasiri ga mata masu juna biyu, wadanda zasu iya haifar da zubar da ciki ko kuma haifar da yaron da ya riga ya kamu da cutar. Dangantakar ta da abubuwa kamar kaciya, ilimi, da samun damar tantancewa duk anyi bincike.

## '''Tarihi'''
**Asalin**

Cututtukan Treponemal, waɗanda suka haɗa da syphilis, wataƙila sun samo asali ne daga Gabashin nahiyar Afirka. Inda syphilis da kanta ta fara fitowa ana muhawara, tare da wasu masu bincike suna goyan bayan ka'idar asalin sabuwar duniya, wasu kuma tsohuwar duniya ce. An tabbatar da shi a Afirka ta 1520. Akwai shaidun da ke nuna yiwuwar zuwan wannan ya kasance a gabar tekun gabashin Afirka. A cikin kabilar Bantu, ba ta bayyana ba sai daga baya, wanda mazauna Cape Town suka kawo. Yayin da aka haramta auratayya da jima'i tsakanin maza na Turai da matan Bantu, har yanzu suna faruwa akai-akai, wanda ya haifar da bayyanar cutar a tsakanin 'yan asalin Afirka ta Kudu..
## '''Yaduwa'''
Syphilis matsala ce mai tsanani ga lafiyar jama'a a kasashe masu tasowa. Sama da mutane miliyan 10 ne ke fama da cutar, musamman a yankin kudu da hamadar Saharar Afirka da Asiya. A cikin tsohon0bayanan da aka tattara a shekara ta 2019 daga bincike da yawa sun ƙaddamar da jimlar kusan kashi 2.9% a tsakanin mata masu juna biyu. Mata masu juna biyu a Gabashi da Kudancin Afirka yawanci sun fi girma, tare da matsakaicin kashi 3.2% da kashi 3.6%. Ya bayyana cewa wasu sun ragu a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata (sai dai a Gabas), amma ba sosai ba.

## '''Tasiri'''
## '''Fadakarwa'''
## '''Manazarta'''