Bushiya

**Bushiya** jam'in ta **Bushiyoyi** Fulani suna kiranta da ***Shangalde*** da turanci kuma (*hedgehog*) bushiya dai tana daga cikin dabbobi waɗanda suke rayuwa a cikin daji ko kuma a karkara, tana kuma daga cikin dabbobi masu ƙaya a bayanta. Bushiya kusan kala uku (3) ce akwai baƙa sosai, sai fara-fara da wadda take ruwan ƙasa, wannan idan ana duba da ƙayoyinta kenan. 
Sai kuma tanada jinsuna kusan guda sha bakwai (17 species) ana samun bushiya a ƙasashe irin su Yurop da Asiya da kuma yankunan Afirka sai kuma ƙasar Niwuziland (New Zealand) bayan da aka gabatar da ita a can, wato bayan an kai irin ta a dazukan chan (by introduction).

## Bayani a Kan Bushiya

Bushiya dai kamar yadda ya gabata tana daga cikin dabbobi masu ƙayoyi kuma masu tafiya da Ƙafafuwa 4 wani lokaci tana amfani da ƙayoyin ta don kare kanta daga harin wasu dabbobin ko kuma mutane duk da shi Ɗan Adam yanada baiwar (dabara) da zai iya ɗaukar ta koda ta dunƙule. Misali idan kare ya ga bushiya to fa sai dai ya tsaya ya dinga haushi don ko dunƙulewa take yadda bazai iya sa bakin shi ya kamata ba sai dai ya tsare ta. A taƙaice dai bushiya daga ta ji motsin da bata yarda dashi ba to za ta gudu ko kuma ta dunƙule ta yadda baza a iya cutar da ita ba. Sai dai duk da hakan abin mamaki shaho da Mikiya duk suna kai mata hari kuma su kamata su cinye. Masana sun bayyana cewa ana gane bushiya ne daga ƙayoyinta na baya wato a Turance (spine) sai dai kuma ƙayoyin bushiya sun sha bamban dana ƴar'uwarta Beguwa saboda su ƙayoyin beguwa sunada dafi da kuma tsawo sannan kuma sunada haɗarin gaske, kuma ita beguwa tana harbi dasu wato tana zubar dasu a duk lokacin da ta ga dama, sai wasu su fito bayan wasu sun zube. Ita kuma bushiya nata basa zuba, sai dai kamar lokacin da take ƙarama idan girma yazo takan yi wani zuba ƙaya daga nan sai ƙayar girma ta fito wata abinda Hausawa suke cewa fita ko kuma hira suma dabbobi akwai masu hira ta haƙora ko gashin jikinsu ko ƙaya. Ana kiran dabbobi masu ƙaya da turanci (quilling) wato lokacin da su fira/hira duk da cewa na bushiya basa zuba. Amma idan bushiya ta samu wani rashin lafiya ko zazzaɓi ko kuma damuwa (stress) sukan zuba sai wasu sababbi su fito. Bincike ya nuna dukkan jinsunan bushiya sukanyi amfanin dunƙulewa a matsayin kariya wato self-defense a turance kenan, idan suka dunƙule zaka ga sunyi kamar ƙwallo (ball). 
Bushiya tanada wasu tsoka/tsokoki biyu waɗanda sune suke da iko gurin yadda zasu gudanar da ƙayoyin bayanta (controlling of the quills) wato dai tana amfani da waɗannan tsokoki sai ta juya ƙayoyin ta duk yadda take so tana kuma amfani da ƙayoyin ta wajen kare fuskar ta, ƙafafuwan ta da kuma bindin ta (wutsiya) tunda su waɗannan guraren babu ƙaya. Bincike ya nuna cewa bushiya da take a sahara basa girma sosai har sukanyi amfani da ƙayar su wajen kaiwa abokan gaba hari haka sukan yi gudu kamar zasu tashi sama su mulmula wata tsalle tsalle. Akwai kuma wasu jinsunan bushiya masu cin nama saɓanin sauran sukan ci ciyawa ne da ƙari (insects). 
Bushiya tana fita neman abincin ta ne da dare a taƙaice bushiya tana walwala ne da dare wato "nocturnal" a turance kenan duk da cewa akwai kaɗan daga cikin su masu kiwo da rana. 
Bushiya tana yin baccin kusan rabi da kwatan wuni a cikin ciyayi, [dutse]] ko kuma cikin gidan ta da take haɗawa a lokacin damina tana haɗa gidan ne da ganyaye busassu da ciyayi ta yadda koda anyi ruwan sama bazata jiƙe ba. Amma a lokacin rani tana zama ne cikin karmamin dawa ko kara da kogon bishiya amma ta ƙasa don bata iya hawa sama da kuma rami na ƙasa.  Bushiya tana magana ta hanyar yin nishi da sauran motsa jiki. .

## Abincin Bushiya wato (Diet)
*Bushiya tana daga cikin dabbobi masu cin abinci kala biyu ko ciyayi ko kuma nama da ƙwari ana kiran kalan waɗannan dabbobin da turanci da (Omnivorous) takanyi kalaci da irin su Dodon koɗi, kwaɗo, Gara, ƙwai da sauransu. 
A lokacin hunturu wato a turance (hibernation) ma'aunin zafin jikin bushiya yakan ragu da kusan 2°c (36°f) haka sauran dabbobi indai lokacin hunturu ne ma'aunin zafin jikin su (Temperature) ya kan kai kusan 2-5°c (36-4°f) wannan a lokacin da suka tashi kenan idan kuma suka wartsake sai su koma dai-dai. .

## Yadda bushiya take haihuwa
*Bushiya dai yanayin haihuwar ta ya dogara ne da yanayin jinsin ta. Kuma bushiya tana daga cikin dabbobi masu haihuwa ba ƙwai  wato bushiya na samun ciki ne ta hanyar yin jima'i kamar da mutane da wasu dabbobin. Bayan bushiya ta samu cikin takan ɗauka ciki na tsawon kwanaki 35-58 kafin ta haifeshi, bushiya takan haifa ƴaƴa daga 3-4 manyan jinsin bushiya kenan amma ƙananan sukan haifa har 5-6 a lokaci guda. Sai dai ita bushiya mazajensu basa kashe ƙananan yaran su, saɓanin sauran wasu dabbobin ko su cinye ko su kashe.
*Bushiya tana haihuwar ƴaƴanta ne makahi/makafi bayan ɗan wani lokaci sai su buɗe idon su.  Sati ko abinda ya kasa hakan ko sama da hakan kamar dai mage.
* Bushiya tana rayuwa ne ko kuma tsawon rai na bushiya ya dogara da yanayin ta, girman ta da kuma jinsin ta. Babban jinsunan bushiya sukan rayu tsawon shekaru 4-7 sai dai wasu masana suna ganin bushiya na kaiwa har tsawon shekaru 16. Ƙananan jinsin ta shekara biyu huɗu (2-4) saɓanin ɓera da shi yake rayuwa ƙasa da shekaru uku. Dukda dai bata wani daɗewa sosai tana zama ne a cikin ganyayen bishiyoyi busassu da kuma ramin ƙasa

## Cutukan Bushiya
*Bushiya tana yin ciyyo Kamar yadda mutane suke, wato har irin cutukan da mutane keyi bushiya tana yinsu, bushiya tana yin cutar kansa (cancer) da kuma cutar hanta, kamar yadda mutane suma suna yin waɗannan cutukan. Amma cutar kansa tafi raina bushiya ma'ana bushiya tana yin wannan cutar akai-akai kuma ta warke , haka akwai wasu daga cikin cutukan da bushiya takan iya shafawa Ɗan Adam misali cutar yatsu (fungal deseases) bushiya tana shafa wa mutane wannan cutar wato mutum na iya kamuwa da wannan cutar idan yayi mu'amala da ko yaci naman ta a lokacin da take wannan cutar. Haka kuma masana harkar lafiya sunyi hani akan sumbatar (kissing) bushiya saboda wasu dalilai na kiyaye lafiya ga ɗan Adam.
*Akan ci naman bushiya musamman wasu yaruka a Afirka. Haka kuma masu maganin gargajiya suna amfani da waɗansu sassan jiki na bushiya don yin magunguna, yayin da wasu ƙabilun suka maida bushiya wani nama mai muhimmanci.

## Manazarta