Gaɓar Marsh

**Ƙwayar** marsh tarin bututun filastikne da aka haɗeda tsarin katako wanda aka sanya acikin marshes don auna tasirin lokacin ambaliyar ruwa da yawan ambaliyar a kan yawan ambaliyoyi. Ana amfani da bayanin don dalilai na binciken kimiyya. 

James Morris daga Jami'ar Kudancin Carolina ne ya kirkiro ƙwayar cutar tareda tallafi daga Gidauniyar Kimiyya ta Ƙasa da Cibiyoyin Kimiyya na Tekun Ruwa na NOAA.Manufarsu itace ta tantance tasirin gajeren lokaci da na dogon lokaci na hauhawar matakin teku akan hanyoyin bakin teku kamar yawan amfanin shuka,lalacewar kwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙasa,sedimentation wanda ke taimakawa wajen tsara kwanciyar hankali na wuri.

## Canjin yanayi
Ana amfani da ƙwayar marsh don tantance yadda hanyoyin bakin teku daban-daban zasu amsa ga hauhawar matakin teku.Tasirin canjin yanayi kamar saurin hauhawar matakin teku yana haifar da marshes na bakin teku don fuskantar matakan ruwa mafi girma fiye da yadda aka saba,wanda ke haifar da mafi girman salinity acikin ƙasa,laka da asarar tsawo,da canji ga tsarin al'ummar shuka.

Waɗannan sakamakon zasu shafi damuwa-ƙaddamarwa waɗanda aka ɗora a kan ciyayi na bakin teku,amma haƙuri na waɗannan nau'ikan shuke-shuke da cinikayya da zasu iya fuskanta basu da tabbas.Wannan na'urar hanyace ta sarrafa kai tsaye abin da ciyayi na marsh zasu iya fuskanta a nan gaba kuma su samar da kyakkyawar fahimta game da kokarin sabuntawa da'ake buƙata don hana mummunan sakamako ga marshes na bakin teku.

## Tsarin
Ƙwayar marsh tsarine tare da layuka na bututu a wurare daban-daban. Wadannan bututu suna cike da laka kuma ana dasa nau'ikan shuke-shuke a cikin kowane bututu. Matakan tsaye daban-daban suna wakiltar "hawan"matakin ruwa daban-daban wanda tsire-tsire na marsh zasu fuskanta. Yayin da raƙuman ruwa ke raguwa da gudana,ana fallasa bututun zuwa hauhawar matakan ruwa. Masana kimiyya na iya daidaita abubuwa daban-daban,kamar jimlar tsawo na saitin,tsawon ambaliyar ruwa,ƙarin abubuwan gina jiki da sauransu. 

A tsawon lokaci,masana kimiyya na iya tattara bayanai kamar jimlar tarin tsire-tsire,jimlar ƙwayoyin halitta, samar da peat,ƙimar lalacewa,da kuma raguwa. Ana iya amfani da bayanan don yin hasashen lafiyar gaba na marsh da ake nazarin,da kuma yadda marsh zai amsa ga hauhawar matakin teku a nan gaba.

## Tasirin jinsuna
Tare da zane-zane da hanyoyi daban-daban na nazarin gaɓoɓin marsh,masu bincike sun gano cewa tsire-tsire na marsh naiya amsawa ga hauhawar matakin teku na gaba daban-daban,saboda haka gaba ɗaya takamaiman nau'in ne.

Masu bincike da ke nazarin martani na shuke-shuke a Arewa maso gabashin Pacific sunyi amfani da wani sashi na shuke,kuma sun gano cewa jinsunan da'ake samu a cikin babban marsh(wanda yacika kawai a lokacin babban ruwa ko abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi mai tsanani)kamar *Salicornia* pacifica,da *Juncus balticus,*sun kasan ce masu hankali ga ƙaruwar ambaliyar ruwa.Sauran nau'o'in kamar, *Bolboschoenus maritimus,* da *Carex lyngbyei* sun kasance da yawa a cikin marshes a ko sama da tsawo wanda ya dace da matsakaicin amfanin su.Wani rukuni da ke amfani da kwayar marsh ya kuma gano cewa karuwar ambaliyar ruwa ta rage biomass ga nau'ikan da aka saba samu a tsaunuka masu tsawo.Kasancewar maƙwabta ya rage jimlar biomass harma dayawa.

Wani rukuni na masu bincike sun yi amfani da kwayar marsh don kimanta tasirin ciyawa mai mamayewa ga al'ummomin shuke-shuke na asali na wani bakin teku a kasar Sin. Sun gano cewa ciyawa mai mamayewa ya tsira sosai a cikin mafi kyawun tsaunuka, kuma ba da kyau sosai a cikin matsanancin tsaunuka masu tsawo da ƙananan tsaunuka. Lokacin da aka gauraya da nau'o'in asali, ciyawa mai mamayewa ya hana ƙwayoyin halitta na asali da kashi 90% a matsakaiciyar tsawo inda ƙwayoyin halittu suka fi girma. Wani rukuni wanda ya yi amfani da kwayar marsh a cikin Pacific Northwest na Arewacin Amurka don nazarin rawar da take takawa a cikin wuraren gwajin tsaba ya gano cewa jinsunan da aka saba da su a yankin kamar S. tabernaemontani sun nuna kusan ƙimar tsiro mafi girma a kusa da matsakaicin tsawo, yayin da jinsin Carex lyngbyei suka tsira sosai a kusa da mafi girman tsawo. Dukkanin jinsunan sun nuna damuwa ga masu fafatawa, tare da S. tabernaemontani shine kawai jinsunan da za su tsiro a gaban gasa. 

## Matsalar waje
Tare da damuwa na hauhawar matakan teku, tsire-tsire masu yawa na waje suna rinjayar su kamar guguwa, fari, wadatar abinci mai gina jiki, da canjin tsawo tare da raguwa. An gano martani na tsire-tsire na marsh ga waɗannan abubuwan damuwa a cikin karatu daban-daban ta amfani da sashin marsh.

Wani rukuni da ke amfani da kwayar marsh don nazarin , wani mai yawa low marsh (yawanci ambaliyar ruwa a ko'ina cikin rana) ciyawa ya gano cewa guguwa da matsin fari sun haifar da ƙasa da ƙasa da kuma ƙasa da ƙasa fiye da waɗanda aka dasa a cikin yanayin ruwan sama. Shuke-shuke da aka ambaliya a babban ambaliyar ruwa kuma suna da tushe da tsiro mafi kyau wanda ke haifar da shuka da ke da rauni.

Ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki yana da damar taimakawa wajen bunkasa nau'ikan shuke-shuke da yawa, amma yawan abubuwan gina jiki na iya samun tasiri kuma ya zama mai cutarwa ga nasarar shuke-tsire masu yawa. A cikin binciken kwayar halitta, masu bincike sun sami kyakkyawar dangantaka inda aka kara nitrogen ya inganta ci gaban shuke-shuke a matakan teku inda ambaliyar ruwa ta fi jaddada shuke-shiryen, kuma tasirin ya fi girma a hade tare da karuwar carbon dioxide. Koyaya, sun lura cewa ƙarin nitrogen na yau da kullun daga gurɓataccen yana rage wadatar propagules (bud na sabon shuka) na nau'ikan da ke jure ambaliyar ruwa wanda zai canza rinjayar jinsuna yana sa marshes ya fi sa ya rushewa. An kuma sami wannan cinikayya a cikin nazarin gabobin marsh inda ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki zai iya kara yawan amfanin gona na farko, amma zai iya yin mummunar tasiri ga tarin kwayoyin halitta da kuma samar da peat.

Tsire-tsire na Marsh na iya zama masu hankali ga canjin tsawo tare da hauhawar matakin teku saboda canjin wuraren da suke so. Yin amfani da saitin gabobin marsh, masu bincike sun gano cewa don tsaunuka na marsh mafi girma fiye da mafi kyawun da ake tsammani a ƙananan matakan hauhawar matakin teku, hanzari a cikin yawan hauhawar matakan teku zai inganta ci gaban tushen, haɓakar kwayoyin halitta da kwanciyar hankali gaba ɗaya. Amma, ga mafi kyawun tsaunuka da ake sa ran a saurin hauhawar matakin teku tare da karancin samar da ruwa, karuwar matakin ruwa zai haifar da rage girman tushe da raguwar yawan karuwar tsawo. Wannan na iya haifar da lalacewa cikin sauri. Daidai da tsawo, wani rukuni na masu bincike da ke amfani da gabobin marsh sun gano cewa ƙasa ta ragu ƙasa a cikin jiyya da aka shuka fiye da jiyya da ba a shuka ba sun ba da shawarar cewa tsire-tsire na iya taimakawa wajen rage asarar tsawo na marsh saboda hauhawar matakin teku

Masu bincike sun kuma gano cewa bambancin matakin ruwa a cikin takamaiman lokacin yana shafar ci gaban marshes na bakin teku, tare da jaddada anomalies a matakin teku. Wadannan sun hada da saurin canje-canje waɗanda ba sa shafar jigilar turɓaya, amma suna shafar ambaliyar ruwa da ci gaban ciyayi. 

## Manazarta