Louise na Bettignies

**Louise Marie Jeanne Henriette de Bettignies**  ; 15 Yuli 1880 - 27 Satumba 1918) wani jami'in sirri ne na Faransa wanda ya yi leƙen asiri kan Jamusawa don Birtaniya a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya ta amfani da sunan Alice Dubois. 

An kama ta a watan Oktoban 1915 kuma aka daure ta, ta mutu jim kaɗan kafin ƙarshen yaƙin a lokacin da take bauta.

An ba ta kyautar Cross of the Legion of Honor bayan rasuwarta, Croix de guerre daga 1914 zuwa 1918 da tabarmar dabino, da kuma lambar yabo ta soja ta Burtaniya, sannan aka naɗa ta a matsayin Jami'in Order of the British Empire .

## Iyali
Alamomin dangin Bettignies sun samo asali ne tun daga shekarar 1228. An gano cewa Uwargidan Bettignies tana kusa da birnin Mons a cikin abin da yanzu ake kira Belgium . Akwai wasu alamun dangin a shekarar 1507.

Peterinck de La Gohelle, kakan kakan de Bettignies, ya samo asali ne daga Lille . Ya zauna a Tournai a shekarar 1752, inda ya kafa masana'antar zane-zanen faranti a kan quai des Salines. Ana kiran masana'antar da masana'antar daular da kuma masana'antar sarauta. A shekarar 1787, Duke na Orleans ya yi odar wani kyakkyawan hidima mai launin shuɗi daga Tournai, wanda aka ajiye wasu kayan ado a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Royal de Mariemont . 

A shekara ta 1818, Maximilen Joseph de Bettignies, mai kare majalisar Tournai, Babban Lauya kuma alkali, ya buɗe wani ma'ajiyar kaya a rue du Wacq a Saint-Amand-les-Eaux, wanda ya ba wa ɗansa Maximilian.

A ranar 31 ga Yuli, 1818, MJ de Bettignies ya shigar da takardar izinin mallaka mai lamba 521 a kan manna don yin manyan tukwane na ƙashi (Brev. d'inv., juzu'i na XVI, shafi na 10).&nbsp;276).

Kudin haraji ya yi yawa, kuma ajiyar ya zama masana'anta bayan ta karɓi kayan da kamfanin kera faranti Fauquez ya samar, wanda ya inganta. An fara kafa masana'antar a rue Marion, a shekarar 1837 a wani wuri mai suna Le Moulin des Loups, a kan hanyar zuwa Valenciennes. A shekarar 1831, Maximilian Joseph ya sami izinin zama ɗan ƙasar Faransa. A shekarar 1833, ya auri Adeline Armande Bocquet, a Orchies, wadda ta haifa masa 'ya'ya huɗu, ɗaya daga cikinsu Henri ne, mahaifin Louise de Bettignies. 

A shekarar 1866, Henri de Bettignies ya auri Julienne Mabille de Poncheville, daga tsohuwar dangin lauyoyi a arewacin Faransa.

Iyalan Mabille sun samo asali ne daga Pas-de-Calais kuma tsawon tsararraki da dama suna da notaries a Valenciennes .

A ranar 30 ga Yuni 1880, Henry da Maximilian de Bettignies suka miƙa kasuwancinsu ga Gustave Dubois da Léandre Bouquiaux. 

## Ilimi da iyali
Duk da matsalar kuɗi da mahaifinta ke fuskanta, de Bettignies ta yi karatun sakandare a Valenciennes tare da Sisters of the Sacred Heart .  A cewar ɗan uwanta,  ,

Iyayenta sun ƙaura zuwa Lille a shekarar 1895, amma ta tafi a shekarar 1898 zuwa Ingila don ci gaba da karatunta na gaba tare da Ursulines a Upton, Essex, sannan tare da Ursulines a Wimbledon  da Oxford .

Bayan rasuwar mahaifinta a shekarar 1903, ta koma Lille, inda ta kammala karatunta a Sashen Haruffa na Jami'ar Lille a shekarar 1906.  Bayan karatunta, ta sami cikakkiyar ƙwarewa a Turanci da kuma kyakkyawar ilimin Jamusanci da Italiyanci.

## Farkon aikina
Ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar koyarwa a Pierrefonds, Oise, kuma ta je Milan, Italiya, gidan Giuseppe Visconti de Modrone . [1] A shekarar 1906, lokacin da take tare da Viscontis, ta yi tafiye-tafiye sosai a duk faɗin Italiya. A shekarar 1911, ta je Count Mikiewsky, [lower-alpha 1] kusa da Lemberg ( Lviv ), a Galicia . Daga 1911 zuwa 1912, tana tare da Yarima Carl Schwarzenberg, a Gidan Orlík .

Daga nan ta koma Gimbiya Elvira ta Bavaria, a Fadar Holeschau, Austria-Hungary (yanzu Moravia, Jamhuriyar Czech ). Ana tsammanin ta haɗu da Rupprecht ta Bavaria a lokacin tafiyarta a shekarar 1915.  A can ne aka ba ta matsayin mai kula da 'ya'yan Ferdinand Joseph, magajin gadon sarautar Austro-Hungary. Ta ƙi tayin ta koma Faransa.

A lokacin da ta dawo Lille a farkon shekarar 1914, inda aka yi mata tiyata saboda ciwon appendicitis, ta je gidan ɗan'uwanta da ke Bully-les-Mines .

A lokacin barkewar yaƙin, Louise ta zauna a wani gida a Wissant wanda ɗan'uwanta Albert ya yi haya. 

## Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya
Kafin watan Agusta ya ƙare, Louise ta bar Wissant ta koma Saint-Omer . Daga nan, ta ɗauki hujjar shiga tare da 'yar uwarta Germaine, wacce aka tura mijinta, Maurice Houzet, don zuwa Lille.

## Manazarta