Madrasa na Sarghatmish

Madrasah na gicciye na Amir Sarghatmish, wanda aka gina a shekara ta 1356, yana arewa maso gabashin Masallacin Ibn Tulun, a Alkahira ta Musulunci. Ana iya ganin makarantar, masallaci, da mausoleum na ginin daga minaret na Ibn Tulun, yayin da ƙofar ta ke kan titin Saliba. Wannan tsari ya haɗa da madrasa, masallaci, da mausoleum. Ana kuma kiran madrasa a matsayin Masallacin Amir al-Sayf Sarghatmish .

## Tarihin Sarghatmish
A cikin shekara ta 1356, Amir Sayf al-Din Sarghatmish al-Nasiri, shugaban rundunar Mamluks, ya ba da umarnin gina wannan madrasa. Sarghatmish ya fara aikinsa a karkashin hidimar Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun, kuma ya ƙare shi a ƙarƙashin mulkin Sultan Husan .  A cewar sanannen masanin tarihin Masar, al-Maqrizi, Sarghatmish mutum ne mai kyau kuma mai himma wanda zai karanta Alkur'ani a kowace rana kuma ya je tattaunawa ta shari'a tsakanin malaman Hanafi.

Ya nemi ya tallafawa gina madrasa wanda ke koyarwa daidai da makarantar Hanafi, ɗaya daga cikin makarantun Sunni guda huɗu na Islama. Ya zama wurin mafaka ga ɗaliban Hanafi daga Iran. Maqrizi ya lura cewa Sarghatmish a waje ya fi son ɗaliban ƙasashen waje har zuwa wani abu na wuce gona da iri. Zai koya musu ilimin harshe da kansa kuma ya inganta ɗalibai a cikin al'umma. Tasirin Sarghatmish a Misira ya karu a lokacin mulkin Sultan Husan .  Lokacin da ya dawo daga Dimashƙu, inda ya kasance tare da sojojin Mamluk, an sanya Sarghatmish a matsayin vizier ga 'Alam al-Din 'Abdallah ibn Zunbur, kuma ya ɗauki duk dukiyarsa ba tare da sanin sultan ba. Ikonsa ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa a farkon karni na 14 har zuwa inda ya mallaki Masar a madadin Hasan. A ƙarshe, duk da haka, Sarghatmish ya fada cikin kunya na Hasan kuma an jefa shi cikin kurkuku kuma an kashe shi a cikin shekara ta 1358.

## Gine-gine
Kusa da Masallacin Ibn Tulun, Madrasa na Sarghatmish misali ne na sabon tsarin gine-gine na Mamluk. Tsarin gine-ginen iwan guda huɗu yana cikin layi tare da tsarin gicciye, ko siffar gicciye, tsarin madrasa. 

Ginin ginin yana fuskantar titin zuwa arewa maso yamma, kuma mausoleum mai rufi yana tashi daga kudancin gefen kuma yana cikin titin ta hanyar rectangular, sararin samaniya. Wannan madrasa yana nuna halin gine-ginen Mamluk na son cewa gaban ginin yana fuskantar titin da ke akwai, yayin da a lokaci guda ke jagorantar ciki na masallacin zuwa ga qibla. A wannan yanayin, bangon ya ƙunshi madrasa da mausoleum, kuma masallacin yana bayan bangon, mafi nisa daga titin. Wannan zaɓin don yin al'amuran duniya na ginin a bayyane ga jama'a, yana nuna halin Mamluks na darajar daraja akan ibada. An kuma gabatar da kabarin a cikin wannan salon don jawo hankalin masu tafiya da fatan samun albarkatun su.
Daga waje na Madrasa na Sarghatmish mutum zai iya ganin minaret dinsa na octagonal a kusurwar gabashin bangon. An gina shi da kyau kuma yana da alamu na launi biyu. Gidan da kansa yana da tsayi 15.5m kuma yana dauke da babban ƙofar zuwa cikin ginin. An jaddada tashar ta hanyar wani sashi mai tsawo na bangon da ake kira pishtaq. Bugu da ƙari, ana ganin triangles masu ɗorewa a ƙarƙashin rabin ƙofar. Ganuwar saman bangon an daidaita ta da ƙananan windows na rectangular waɗanda ke cikin wuraren zama. Gilashin kuma sun bayyana a bangon baya a matsayin wani ɓangare na sel na ɗalibai. A waje da ginin dome a kan mausoleum yana bayyane a sarari. An yi rufin da aka yi sau biyu, mai ban sha'awa daga tubali waɗanda suka samar da babban drum. 

Wannan nau'in drum yana haifar da bayanin martaba wanda ba a saba gani ba a cikin gine-ginen Masar. Maimakon haka yana da alama yana nuna gine-ginen Farisa, wanda watakila Sarghatmish ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi da bikin ɗalibansa na ƙasashen waje, da yawa daga cikinsu sun fito ne daga Iran. Bugu da kari, muqarnas, ko na'urar ado mai girma uku da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin gine-ginen Islama da Farisa, an saka su a wannan yanki sama da rubutun rubutun.

A cikin Madrasa na Sarghatmish shine masallacin. Wani wuri mai ban sha'awa a cikin masallacin shine bangon mihrab. Mihrab wani yanki ne mai tsaka-tsaki a cikin bango wanda ke nuna wurin qibla, ko shugabancin Kaaba. Wannan bango an yi masa ado da fararen marmara tare da lambobin yabo da aka sassaƙa a cikinsu. Wasu zane-zane a kan marmara sun hada da arabesques, fitilar masallaci, tsuntsaye, da hannaye biyu da ke riƙe da gungume. Wadannan zane-zane na ainihin adadi, musamman tsuntsaye da hannaye, na musamman ne ga fasahar Mamluk da gine-gine. Fasahar Mamluk yawanci ta kunshi zane-zane masu ban sha'awa waɗanda kusan sun kasance masu tayar da hankali a cikin rikice-rikice; kaɗan daga cikin fasaharsu sun haɗa da adadi ko siffofin rayuwa. Duk da haka, an cire bangarorin, kuma suna cikin Gidan Tarihin Musulunci. A tsakiyar Madrasa na Sarghatmish akwai farfajiyar da ke da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa a tsakiya. Yana cikin siffar wani pavilion tare da ginshiƙan marmara waɗanda ke tallafawa dome na katako. Wannan nau'in dome alama ce ta kasuwanci ta Mamluk dome. Daga farfajiyar, ana iya ganin gidan dalibai. Kwayoyin suna hawa hawa hawa uku a kusurwoyi tsakanin iwans huɗu. Wasu daga cikinsu suna kallon farfajiyar, wasu kuma suna kallon titin.

## Bayanan Al-Maqrizi
Al-Maqrizi masanin tarihi ne na Alkahira. Babban aikinsa shine *Khitat,* wanda shine bayanin tarihin Alkahira. Al-Maqrizi ya tattauna tarihin da gine-ginen kowane gini a cikin birni a cikin *Khitat.*

Musamman, al-Maqrizi yana mai da hankali kan asalin Madrasa na Sarghatmish ta hanyar bayyana tarihin Sarghat Mish da kansa, wanda aka bayyana a sama. Al-Maqrizi ya ci gaba da bayyana cikakkun bayanai game da gine-gine da kuma tasirin ginin a cikin al'umma. Al-Maqrizi ya yi sharhi game da ginin da kansa ta hanyar cewa, "Madrasa ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun gine-gine, kuma ɗaya daga cikin masu ban sha'awa kuma a ciki. "Da alama cewa Madrasa na Sarghatmish ya yi kyau ya shafi mutane a Alkahira sosai har wasu suka rubuta waka game da tsarin. Al-Maqrizi ya nakalto waka daya, "O Sarghitmish, bari abin da ka gina ba shi da mahimmanci a gare ka, domin ladanka na dindindin yanzu saboda kyawawan wannan ginin ne. Tsarin marmara, kamar fure a cikin kyau, ya sanya shi cikin raini, domin ya kamata a danganta shi da fure da mai ginawa. "

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje

* Amir Sarghitmish Funerary Complex a Archnet.org
* Sarghatmish a Magrizi.com

## Ƙarin Bayani
Dubi Elazhar.com don sayarwa - PerfectDomain.comElazhar.com ana siyarwa - PerfectDomain.com