Appam

**appam** ko **hoppers** wani nau'in pancake ne wanda ya samo asali ne daga Kudancin kasar Indiya da Sri Lanka. An yi shi da gurasar shinkafa da madarar kwakwa, wanda aka dafa a al'ada a cikin *appachatti*, mai zurfi mai kama da siffar wok. Yana daga cikin Abincin Tamil, da Kerala da aka samo a cikin jihohin Indiya na Tamil Nadu da Kerala, da kuma Sri Lanka. Ana ba da appam akai-akai don karin kumallo ko abincin dare, sau da yawa tare da topping kamar kwai.

## Magana
*apupa* (kuma *aapa*, roƙo) na iya samo asali ne daga kalmar Sanskrit, wanda ke nufin wani nau'in "tsuntsu".

## Tarihi

Vir Sanghvi, ɗan jaridar Indiya, ya yi ƙaulin masanin tarihin abinci K. T. Achaya kuma ya bayyana cewa an ambaci appam a cikin wallafe-wallafen Tamil Sangam, a cikin ayyukan kamar Perumpāṇāṟuppaṭai . Achaya ya bayyana cewa appam an kafa shi sosai a tsohuwar ƙasar Tamil kamar yadda aka ambata a Sangam, tare da waƙoƙi kuma suna kwatanta appam tare da ana sayar da modakam a kasuwanni na titi a tsohuwar birnin Madurai.

Appam dangi ne na kusa da Dosas. An yi allurai na farko daga shinkafa kuma daga baya an gabatar da lentils na baki, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin lentils baƙi sun zama wani bangare na dosa. Kayan girke-girke na appam ba kamar dosa ba ya canzawa na ƙarni da yawa. Ɗaya daga cikin girke-girke na farko don appam za a iya samun shi a cikin girke'in da aka zana a bangon haikalin Srirangam, wanda aka yi don a miƙa shi ga allahn.

Appam kuma tana da tarihin arziki a tsibirin Sri Lanka .  Akwai nau'o'i da yawa na fermenting appam, kuma wasu masana tarihi na Yahudawa sun lura cewa Yahudawa na Cochin na Kerala sun yi amfani da sabon toddy maimakon yisti.

## Bambance-bambance

### Idiyappam
Indiyapam gwargwadon igiya ko kuma Gwargwado) an yi shi ne daga shinkafa noodles da aka yi da shi a cikin nau'i-nau'i. Ana ba da shi don karin kumallo tare da curry mai laushi na kifi ko kaza, wanda ke dauke da nama ɗaya ko biyu kawai, abincin dhal (lentil), da sambol mai ɗanɗano ko sabo Chutney. Kiri hodi ko sodhi, wani nau'in madara na kwakwa, wani sanannen sanannen haɗin kai ne ga idiyappam. Ana yin hoppers na igiya daga garin shinkafa da aka yi da tururi wanda aka yi da gurasar tare da ruwa da ɗan gishiri, kuma an tilasta shi ta hanyar ƙirar da ta yi kama da waɗanda aka yi amfani da su don yin pasta don yin igiyoyi. Ana dafa su ta hanyar tururi. Wasu mutane har ma suna yayyafa kwakwa a kan shinkafa. Ana iya siyan waɗannan hoppers a shirye. A Indiya da Sri Lanka, ana iya ba da String Hoppers a matsayin abincin safe da kuma abincin dare. Akwai bambance-bambance da yawa ga hoppers, dangane da, alal misali, nau'in gari da aka yi amfani da shi. Ana iya daidaita wannan abincin mai sauƙi zuwa wasu abinci kamar su Biriyani, ta hanyar ƙara ƙwai ko kayan lambu.

### Achappam
Achappam kuki ne mai zurfi wanda aka yi da shinkafa. Abincin kirista ne na Siriya.

### Kuzhalappam
Kuzhalappam abinci ne na Kirista-Saint Thomas na Siriya wanda aka dafa shi kamar bututu.

### Neyyappam
Neyyappam ya samo asali ne daga Kerala kuma ya kasance hadaya ce ta gargajiya a cikin haikalin Hindu don Allah. An yi shi da garin shinkafa, Jaggery da kuma ghee mai tsabta, wanda shine hanyar gargajiya ta yin Nei appam. Har ila yau, al'adu daban-daban da ayyukan addini sun gabatar da bambance-bambance ga abincin kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin ambaton da ke sama.

Unni appam wani nau'i ne wanda ake ƙara mashed plantain a cikin batter. Ana yin bat ɗin ne da garin shinkafa, da jaggery da plantain kuma ana zuba shi a cikin wani jirgin ruwa mai suna *appakarai* ko *appakaram*, wanda aka yi zafi sosai. Appams suna ɗaukar siffar ƙananan kofuna kuma ana soya su har sai launin ruwan kasa mai zurfi.

### Kallappam
Kallappam abu ne na gargajiya na Kerala. An yi shi ne daga garin shinkafa da kuma man shanu. Kiristoci a Kerala suna shirya shi a lokuta na musamman kamar Easter. Sunansa ya samo asali ne daga *kallu*, Malayalam don dabino toddy, sinadarin da aka saba amfani da shi don fermenting garin shinkafa. A cikin shirye-shiryen zamani na abincin, yisti ya maye gurbin toddy.

### Pesaha appam
Pesaha Pesaha appam an yi shi ne ta Kiristoci na Nasrani a Kerala a lokacin Pesaha (Faskar). Ana tsoma irin wannan appam a cikin syrup ko Pesaha Pal (Mutumin Coconut na Idin Ƙetarewa) kafin a ba da shi.

### Vattayappam

An yi Vattayappam daga garin shinkafa, sukari, da kwakwa. Abincin ɗanɗano ne na shayi ba tare da mai ba a yawancin gidaje a Kerala.  Ana yin abincin ne ta hanyar dafa abinci da tururi kuma yayi kama da bánh bò daga Vietnam.

### ''apon'' na Burma
Appam, wanda ake kira *apon* a cikin Burmese, abinci ne na yau da kullun a cikin abincin Burmese. An dauke shi abinci mai dadi na Kudancin Myanmar, a garuruwan bakin teku kamar Dawei da Myeik.

### Kue inspir

A Indonesia, wani bambancin appam an san shi da kue inspir ko kue apam . Kue ne na Indonesiya ko kek na gargajiya na gurasar da aka yi da garin shinkafa, madarar kwakwa, yisti da sukari na dabino, yawanci ana ba da shi tare da kwakwa. Gidajen Indonesiya ko al'umma a al'ada suna yin kue inspir don bikin da bukukuwa. Misali, Keraton Yogyakarta ta al'ada tana gudanar da bikin *Ngapem*, inda gidan sarauta ke dafa kue inspir (Javanese version of *appam*) a matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin *Tingalan Jumenengan Dalem*. Ya yi kama da *kue mangkok*. Kamar kue putu an samo shi ne daga tasirin Indiya a kan Abincin Indonesiya.

## Duba sauran bayanai

* Baghrir
* Apam balik
* Dosa (abinci) 
* Uttapam
* Jerin abinci mai yisti
* Jerin gurasar Indiya
* Jerin pancakes
* Gidan cin abinci 

## Manazarta