Luisa Moreno

**Blanca Rosa Rodríguez López** (Agusta 30, 1907 &#x2013; Nuwamba 4, 1992), wacce aka fi sani da **Luisa Moreno**, ta kasance mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a da ma'aikata 'yan asalin Guatemala-Amurka. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai shirya taron United Cannery, Agricultural, Packing, and Allied Workers of America (UCAPAWA), daga ƙarshe ta zama mataimakiyar shugabar ƙungiyar a 1941, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama Latina ta farko da aka zaɓa zuwa babban matsayi na ƙasa a cikin ƙungiyar ƙwadago a Amurka.  Ita ce kuma babbar mai shirya taron bayan El Congreso de Pueblos de Habla Española ( transl. "Majalisar Mutanen da ke Magana da Sifaniyanci"), taron kare haƙƙin jama'a na farko na Latino da aka gudanar a Amurka.

An haife ta a Guatemala ga iyali mai arziki, Moreno ta kafa ƙungiyar Gabriela Mistral Society don fafutukar neman ilimin mata kafin ta koma birnin Mexico . A can, ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar jarida kuma ta rubuta waƙa kafin ta sake ƙaura, a wannan karon zuwa East Harlem, birnin New York, inda ta yi aiki a wani shagon sayar da tufafi don tallafa wa iyalinta. Ta fara shiga harkar siyasa a New York, ta shiga jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Amurka (CPUSA) kuma ta shirya ma'aikatan tufafi na Latina a can a ƙarƙashin La Liga de Costureras ( transl. "Ƙungiyar Masu Sanye da Kaya"), wata ƙungiya da ke da alaƙa da Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Tufafin Mata ta Duniya (ILGWU). Ba ta gamsu da rashin goyon bayan ILGWU ga ma'aikatan Latina ba, ta karɓi aiki a Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Amurka (AFL) don shirya ma'aikatan sigari baƙaƙe da Latino a Florida .

Moreno ta yi aiki da AFL a Florida tsawon shekaru biyu amma ta ji takaicin rashin son kare ma'aikatan launin fata da kuma gyare-gyaren da suka yi wa kwangilar da ta yi shawarwari a madadin ma'aikatan yankin. Sakamakon haka, ta yi murabus daga AFL ta shiga UCAPAWA, wanda ya ba ta aikin shirya yajin aikin pecan shellers a San Antonio, Texas . Daga baya ta koma Los Angeles, California, inda aka san ta da "California Whirlwind". Ta shirya ma'aikatan cannery a duk faɗin jihar, ciki har da California Sanitary Canning Company (Cal San) da Val Vita, inda ƙoƙarinta ya haifar da gagarumin ci gaba a albashi da yanayi, da kuma kula da yara a wurin. Moreno ta kuma kafa kwamitocin tsaro guda biyu ga matasa mazan Chicano a farkon shekarun 1940: ɗaya bayan shari'ar kisan kai ta Sleepy Lagoon da kuma ɗaya bayan Zoot Suit Riots .

Moreno ta yi ritaya daga harkokin jama'a a shekarar 1947. Bayan barazanar korarta daga aiki a shekarar 1948 kuma ta bayar da shaida a gaban Kwamitin Ayyukan da Ba na Amurka ba na Majalisar Wakilai (HUAC), ta bar Amurka ta koma Guatemala. Yayin da take can, Moreno ta shirya gangamin ilimi ga mata 'yan asalin ƙasar. Bayan juyin mulkin Guatemala na 1954, an tilasta mata ta gudu zuwa Mexico sannan daga baya ta koma Cuba. Daga ƙarshe ta koma Mexico sannan daga baya ta koma Guatemala, inda ta mutu a shekarar 1992. Masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin ma'aikata sun amince da gudummawar da ta bayar ga ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata, ciki har da Bert Corona, Cesar Chavez, da Fred Ross . Masana kamar Vicki L. Ruiz da Theresa Gaye Johnson sun ba da fassarori daban-daban game da gadon Moreno, suna nuna muhimmancin aikinta na aiki da fafutukar kare haƙƙin baƙi da kuma haɓaka haɗin kai tsakanin ƙabilu.

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