Najeriya

**'[[Najeriya]];**' (/nadʒɪəriyə/) ko **Nijeriya** (/niˈdʒɪəriyə/) da (turanci: *Nigeria*): A Gwamnatance **Tarayyar [[Najeriya]]**  ƙasa ce da take a Afirka ta yamma. Tana da iyaka da ƙasar Nijar daga Arewa, da Chadi daga Arewa maso gabas da  Kamaru daga gabas da Benin daga yamma, daga kudanci kuma tana a gaɓar Tekun Atlantika. Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Najeriya ta ƙunshi Jihohi guda (36) tare da *Babban Birnin* Tarayya Abuja inda fadar shugaban ƙasar  wato "villa" take.

Abuja tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan birane a duniya.

Najeriya ta kasance gida da dama ga ƴan asalin turawa masu mulkin mallaka, jihohin da suka mallaka tunda (BC) tare da Nok Wayewa ta kasance ita ce karo na farko da Turawan mulkin mallaka suka fara mallakewa a Yammacin Africa a cikin ƙarni na sha biyar (15). A zamani jihar an samo asali da Birtaniya a cikin karni na sha tara (19) yana ɗaukar yanayin na yanzu tare da haɗe yankin Kudancin Najeriya da kuma kare Arewacin Najeriya a cikin shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da goma sha huɗu (1914) ta Lord Lugard. Ingilishi ya kafa tsarin gudanarwa da na doka yayin aiwatar da mulkin kai tsaye ta hanyar shugabannin gargajiya. Najeriya, ta zama ƙasar tarayyar da ke da ƴanci kai tsaye a ranar (1)ga watan Oktoba, shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da sittin (1960). Ta fuskanci yaƙin basasa daga shekara ta dubu  ɗaya da ɗari tara  da sittin da bakwai (1967) zuwa shekarar dubu  ɗaya da ɗari tara da saba'in da bakwai (1977). Sannan a biyo bayan zaɓaɓɓun gwamnatocin farar hula da mulkin kama-karya na soja, har sai an sami tabbatacciyar dimokuraɗiyya a shekara ta  alif dari tara da chasa'in da tara (1999) zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na shekara ta (2015)dubu biyu da sha biyar shi ne karo na farko da shugaban  ƙasa mai ci ya faɗi zaɓensa. 

Najeriya; tafi Ko wace kasa yawan al'umma a nahiyar Afrika, ƙasa ce Kuma mai yawan al’umma  da ke zaune sama da ƙabilu guda ɗari biyu da sittin (260) waɗanda ke magana da yarurruka daban daban guda  ɗari biyar (500) dukkansu suna ɗauke da al'adu iri daban daban. Manyan ƙabilun guda uku su ne; Hausa – Fulani a Arewa, Yarbawa a Yamma, da kuma Igbo a gabas, waɗanda suka hada da kashi sittin  (60%) na yawan mutanen.  Yaren hukuma shi ne Ingilishi, wanda aka zaɓa don sauƙaƙe haɗin harshe a matakin ƙasa. Tsarin mulkin Nijeriya ya tabbatar da ƴancin yin addini kuma ƙasa ce dake ɗauke da al’ummar  musulmai da kirista, a lokaci guda.  Najeriya ta kasu kashi biyu tsakanin musulmai, waɗanda yawanci ke zaune a arewacin ƙasar, da kuma kiristoci, waɗanda yawanci ke zaune a kudancin ƙasar, tare da ƴan tsirarun da ke yin addinin asali, kamar waɗanda ke cikin ƙabilar Igbo da kuma yarbawa.

Najeriya ,ita ce ƙasa mafi yawan mutane a Afirka kuma ƙasa ta bakwai mafi yawan mutane a duniya, tare da kimanin mutane miliyan ɗari biyu da shida (2,00,000,006). Tattalin arzikinta shine mafi girma a Afirka, kuma shi ne na ashirin da shida (26) mafi girma a duniya ta hanyar GDP maras faɗi, kuma na ashirin da biyar (25), mafi girma daga PPP. Najeriya galibi ana ƙiranta da "Giant of Africa", ma'ana ƙarfin Afrika saboda yawan jama'a da tattalin arziƙinta,  kuma bankin duniya yana dauƙarta a matsayin kasuwa mai tasowa. Karamar yanki ce a cikin Afirka, matsakaiciyar ƙarfi a cikin al'amuran ƙasa da ƙasa, sannan kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe mafi yawan al’umma  a duniya. Koyaya ƙasar tana ƙasa sosai a cikin jerin ƙasashen duniya, kuma har yanzu tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe masu rashawa a duniya.   Najeriya memba ce ta kafuwar tarayyar Afirka, kuma memba ce a ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa da dama, waɗanda suka haɗa da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, ƙungiyar ƙasashen Yammacin Africa (ECOWAS) ƙungiyar ƙasashe masu arziƙin man fetur, (OPEC)   kuma memba ce na yau da kullum a gamayyar MINT, kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe goma sha ɗaya masu tashen ƙaruwan tattalin arziƙi wato "Next Eleven".

## Kirkira:

Sunan **' an dauke shi daga Kogin [[Neja (kogi)|Neja]] wanda ya ratsa kasar. Wannan sunan ya samo asali ne a ranar takwas (8), ga watan Janairun  shekara ta (1897) dan jaridar Ingila [[Flora Shaw, Lady Lugard|Flora Shaw]], wanda daga baya ya auri [[Frederick Lugard|Lord Lugard]], mai kula da mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya. [[Nijar]] da ke makwabtaka da ita sun samo sunan daga wannan kogin. Asalin sunan ''Nijar'', wanda asali ana amfani da shi ne kawai zuwa tsakiyar Kogin Neja, ba tabbas. Watakila kalmar ta canza sunan [[Buzaye|Tuareg]] ''egerew <u>n-iger</u> ewen'' da mazauna ke amfani da shi a tsakiyar kogin da ke kusa da [[Timbuktu]] kafin mulkin mallaka na Turai na karni na (19).  
== Tarihi: ==



Tarihi, ya nuna cewar [[Najeriya a 1960|Nijeriya]] dadaddar kasa ce, kuma tarihi yanuna kasar na nan tun a shekara ta (**500),** kafin haihuwar Yesu Almasihu wato Annabi Isah (A.S) a wannan lokaci suka samata suna [[Kasar Hausa]]. Addinin musulunci ya shiga Kasar [[Hausawa|Hausa]] ne tun a karni na goma sha uku (13) miladiya. a karshen karni na goma sha daya   (11) zuwa tsakiyar karni na goma sha hudu (14) miladiya. Kanem Barno suka mamaye Kasar Hausa, kuma Fulani sun mamaye Kasar [[Hausa]] a farkon karni na goma sha tara (19) miladiya har zuwan Turawan Mulkin Mallaka suka mamaye [[Lagos]] a shekara ta [[1881|(1881]]) miladiyya, ana cikin [[Yakin duniya I|Yakin duniya]] na farko sai Turawan Mulkin Mallaka suka karo sojojin ruwa saboda suna tsoran Jamusawa da ke Kamaru kada sumamaye Najeriya, amma mulkin Najeriya na farko a hannun Turawan [[Portugal]]. A shekara ta dubu  daya da dari takwas da tamanin da 
biyar [[1885|(1885)]]  sai Turawan [[Birtaniya]] suka mamaye duk fadin Nijeria har zuwa Daya (1) ga watan oktoba, 1960. Nijeriya ta samu 'yancin kanta daga  Turawan Biritaniya.

== Addinai: ==

* Addinin [[Musulunci]] 50%.
* Addinin [[Kristanci]] 45%.
* Sauran kashin 5% basuda kowanne irin Addini.

== Tsarin Mulki: ==


A shekara ta [[1966|(1966]]) zuwa shekara ta [[1979|(1979]]) sojoji ne ke da ikon a kan kasar, a shekara ta [[1979|(1979)]] a ka yi tsari wanda ya bawa talakawa ikon zaben gwamna. A shekara ta [[1983|(1983]]) sojoji suka rushe wannan tsarin da juyin mulki har zuwa shekara ta [[1998|(1998]])  bayan rasuwar Sani Abacha, sai aka dawo da tsarin mulki na dimokaradiya aka bawa talakawa ikon zaben shugaban da suke so, a shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da dari tara da casa'in da[[1999|(1999]]) aka yi zabe a kasa.[[Olusegun Obasanjo|Obasanjo]] ya lashe zabe ya zama shugaban kasa na farko wanda talaka suka zaba, ya hau karo na biyu har zuwa shekara ta dubu biyu da bakwai ([[2007]])a wannan shekara aka yi zabe, [[Umaru Yar'Adua|Umaru Yar'Aduwa]] ya lashe shi ne shugaban kasa a shekarar ta dubu biyu da sha daya (2011). Dukkansu sun fito daga jam'iyya daya ne, wato (jam'iyyar [[PDP]]).  Umaru musa yar'aduwa ya rasu a shekara ta dubu biyu da tara (2009) matemakin sa Jonathan Goodluck ebele , ya cigaba da Mulki zuwa shekara ta dubu biyu da sha daya (2011).   A yayin da  a kayi zabe yalashe yacigaba da Mulki harzuwa she Kara ta dubu biyu da sha biyar (2015) yayin da a kayi zabe ta dubu biyu da sha biyar (2015)  shugaban kasa wato General  Muhammad Buhari yalashe zabe. Bayan shekara Tara wato yadda dimokiradiya ta tanadar ya sauka daga gadan Mulki she Kara ta dubu biyu da (2023), yabaiwa dan jam'iyarasa wato Bola Ahmad Tunubu Wanda yanzu shiyake rike da mulkin kasar Najeriya.   

=== Jihohi: ===


#.[[Abia]].                  .
#[[Adamawa]].
#￼￼Anambra.￼￼
#[[Akwa Ibom]].
#[[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]] .
#[[Bayelsa]] .
#[[Benue (jiha)|Benue]] .
#￼￼Borno.￼￼
#[[Cross River]].
#￼￼[[Delta]].￼￼
#[[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]].
#￼￼Edo.￼￼
#￼￼Ebonyi.￼￼
#[[Ekiti]].
#[[Filato]] .
#[[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]].
#[[Imo]].
#￼￼[[Jigawa]].￼￼
#[[Kano (jiha)|Kano]].
#[[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]].
#[[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]].
#[[Kebbi]].
#[[Kogi]].
#[[Kwara (Jiha)|Kwara]].
#￼￼Lagos.￼￼
#￼￼Neja.￼￼
#[[Nasarawa]].
#[[Ogun]] .
#[[Osun]] .
#[[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]].
#[[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]]
#￼￼Rivers.￼￼
#[[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]].
#[[Taraba]].
#[[Yobe]].
#[[Zamfara]] .

''Babban birnin tarayya'' [[Abuja]].

== Yarika: ==

Manyan yarika a Najeriya sune guda uku kamar haka: Harshen Hausa da Yarbanci da Inyamuranci, yaren Fulatanci ma yana daya daga cikin manyan yaruka a Najeriya. 

=== [[Hausa]]: ===

<gallery>
File:Hausa royal dressing 03.jpg| Hausawa. 
File:Hausa royal dressing 05.jpg|Shiga irin ta al'adar Hausawa.
File:Hausa emirate dress code 02.jpg|Bahaushe.
</gallery>

=== [[Igbo|Ibo:]] ===

<gallery>
File:IGBO CULTURAL ATTIRE.jpg| Matsahin dan kabilar Ibo (Inyamuri) da daddare. 
File:A typical Igbo dressing (Akwa George and beads) worn by a young Igbo woman to a cultural event like traditional marriage or new yam festival.jpg|Mace da shiga iri ta matan Ibo.
File:Cultural display of the Igbos from the Eastern part of Nigeria.jpg|Matan kabilar Ibo suna gudanar da biki a al'adarsu.
</gallery>

=== [[Yoruba]]: ===

Yarabawa ;Sun kasance na biyu a wayanda suka fi kowa yawa a cikin kasar Najeriya, suna zaune a garuruwa irin su, [[Legas]] da, [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]] da [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], da [[Osun]] da [[Kwara]] da kuma [[Kogi]].

<gallery>
File:High Chiefs.jpg|Taron yarabawa a wani yanki a kasar yoruba , sun sanya irin na kayan su na yarbawa. 
</gallery>**Sauran yaruka:''' Sun hada da; Fulani da Ibibio da Kanuri da Tiv da Bura da Shuwa Arab daMarghi da Kare-kare da Ɓachama da Mandara da Higgi da Kilba da Kibaku da Mafa da Glavda da Jukun da Waha da Gamargu da Igala da Nufe da Idoma da Ibibio da Efik da Anang da Ekoi da Awak da Waja da Waka.

## Arzikin :
Nigeria akwai arzikin noma da na man fetur dakumaadanu DA wassanni aladun gargajiya hakuma kasace maiasiri akuma tsafetsafe kuma mafiyawancin munen Nigeria sun yarda DA chamfi kuma suna hukuta mutane tahanyar aladun- dawasannin gargajiya ataikace Mustapha Isah gwaram jigawa state

## Wasanni;


9ja_women_U20.JPG|Yan wasan kwallon mata na Najeriya.
Algeria_vs_Nigeria_-_1978_All-Africa_Games_final.jpg|Yan wasan Najeriya a 1978.
Football_through.jpg|Yan Najeriya na wasan kwallon kafa.
Women_have_fun_with_football.jpg|Mata na wasan kwallon kafa.
Okossi_girls_football_team_2.jpg|team na wasannin mata.
John_Obi_Mikel-Nigeria.jpg|John Mikel Obi


## Fannin tsaro.

## Kimiya da Fasaha.

## Sifiri.

### Sifirin Jirgin Sama.

### Sifirin Jirgin Kasa.

## Al'adu.

### Mutane.

### Yaruka.

### Abinci.

### Tufafi.

## Ilimi.

## Addinai.

### Musulunci.

### Kiristanci.

## Hotuna.

## Manazarta.