Barthélemy Boganda

**Barthélemy Boganda** (c. 1910 - 29 Maris 1959) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Tsakiya ne kuma mai fafutukar 'yancin kai. Boganda ya kasance yana aiki kafin kasarsa ta samu 'yancin kai, a lokacin da yankin, wani yanki na Faransa Equatorial Africa, ke karkashin ikon Faransa da sunan Oubangui-Chari. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na farko na Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya a matsayin yanki mai cin gashin kansa.

## Farkon rayuwa
An haifi Boganda a cikin dangin manoma, kuma ’yan mishan na Roman Katolika ne suka karbe shi kuma suka koyar da shi bayan rasuwar iyayensa. A cikin 1938, an naɗa shi a matsayin limamin Katolika na Roman Katolika. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Boganda ya yi ayyuka da dama kuma daga baya Bishop na Bangui ya rinjaye shi ya shiga siyasa. A cikin 1946, ya zama Oubanguian na farko da aka zaba a Majalisar Dokokin Faransa, inda ya yi magana game da wariyar launin fata da cin zarafin mulkin mallaka. Daga nan ya koma Oubangui-Chari ya kafa kungiyar siyasa, inda ya kare a 1949 kafuwar kungiyar Movement for the Social Evolution of Black Africa (MESAN), wacce ta shahara a tsakanin mazauna kauyuka da manoma. An kori Boganda daga matsayin firist bayan haɓaka dangantaka da kuma a ƙarshe ya auri Michelle Jourdain, sakatariyar majalisa. Duk da haka, ya ci gaba da bayar da shawarwari don daidaita daidaito da haƙƙin haƙƙin baƙar fata a cikin ƙasa har cikin 1950s. Yayin da Faransa ta amince da matakan wakilci ga ƙasashen da ta yi wa mulkin mallaka, MESAN ta lashe zaɓen cikin gida kuma ya sami tasiri a cikin gwamnatin Oubangui-Chari, duk da cewa sunansa ya sha wahala lokacin da ya goyi bayan wani shirin tattalin arziki da bai yi nasara ba. 

A cikin 1958 Firayim Ministan Faransa Charles de Gaulle ya ba da shawarar samar da al'ummar Faransawa wanda ta hannun Faransanci za su iya haɗuwa da babban birni. Bayan da aka tabbatar da cewa kasancewar Oubangui-Chari a cikin al'umma ba zai hana ta samun 'yancin kai a wani lokaci ba, Boganda ya goyi bayan shiga ta. Ya nemi yin hakan ne a matsayin wani bangare na tarayya tare da wasu yankuna na Faransa Equatorial Africa a matsayin "Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya", wanda ya yi imanin zai karfafa yanayin kudi na kasashe membobin. Ya yi fatan hakan zai zama ginshikin kafa kasar Amurka ta Latin Afirka, taron da ya hada da wasu kasashen tsakiyar Afirka. Wannan bai taba yin tasiri ba, kuma a ranar 1 ga Disamba, Boganda ya ayyana kafa Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya don kawai Oubangui-Chari. Boganda ya zama firaministan yankin mai cin gashin kansa na farko a matsayin shugaban majalisar gudanarwar kasar, kuma ya fara tsara sauye-sauyen harkokin mulki da shirya zabe na gaba. An kashe shi a wani hatsarin jirgin sama a ranar 29 ga Maris 1959, yayin da yake kan hanyarsa ta zuwa Bangui. Masana sun gano abubuwan fashewa a cikin tarkacen jirgin, amma ba a taba buga cikakken rahoto kan lamarin ba, kuma har yanzu ba a warware yiwuwar yin kisa ba. Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ta sami 'yancin kai daga Faransa a shekara ta 1960. Ana tunawa da mutuwar Boganda a kowace shekara a kasar, kuma kasancewarsa a tarihin gama-gari na kasa yana da karfin siyasa.

## Rayuwar farko
Ba a san komai game da farkon rayuwar Boganda. An haife shi a kusan shekara ta 1910   ga dangin manoma a Bobangui, babban ƙauyen M'Baka a cikin kwarin Lobaye wanda ke gefen dajin equatorial kimanin kilomita 80 (50 mi) kudu maso yammacin Bangui. Mahaifinsa, Swalakpé, shugaban kauye ne kuma hamshakin attajiri mai gonakin dabino da yawa wanda ya auri mata da yawa. Mahaifiyar Boganda, Siribé, ita ce matar Swalakpé ta uku. Amfani da kasuwanci na Faransa na Afirka ta Tsakiya ya kai ga gaci a daidai lokacin haihuwar Boganda, kuma duk da cewa yakin duniya na daya ya katse, ayyukan sun ci gaba a cikin 1920s. Ƙungiyoyin Faransanci sun yi amfani da abin da ya kasance ainihin nau'i na bautar - corvée - kuma daya daga cikin mafi shaharar ita ce Compagnie Forestière de la Haute Sangha-Oubangui (CFSO), wanda ke da hannu a taron roba a gundumar Lobaye. Ayyukan tilastawa aiki, tashin hankali, da cututtuka sun ɓata al'ummar gargajiya sosai a lokacin da aka haifi Boganda. Wadannan abubuwa sun shafi Bobangui musamman. Kawunsa, wanda dansa Jean-Bédel Bokassa, daga baya zai nada kansa a matsayin Sarkin Daular Afirka ta Tsakiya, an yi masa dukan tsiya har lahira a ofishin 'yan sandan mulkin mallaka sakamakon zarginsa da kin yin aiki.

## Manazarta