Fushi Summer

Lokacin rani na Australiya na 2012-2013, wanda aka fi sani da lokacin zafi mai zafi ko lokacin zafi mai tsanani, ya haifar da rikodin yanayi 123 da aka karya a cikin kwanaki 90, gami da ranar da ta fi zafi da aka taɓa yin rikodin Janairu a rikodin, matsakaicin lokacin rani mafi zafi a rikodin، da rikodin kwana bakwai a jere lokacin da duk ƙasar ta kai sama da  ° C (102 ° F).  An karya rikodin zafin jiki na rana ɗaya a cikin garuruwa da birane da yawa, da kuma rikodin ruwan sama na rana ɗaya, kuma koguna da yawa sun ambaliya zuwa sabon rikodin rikodin.

A watan Janairun 2013, Ofishin Meteorology ya canza ma'aunin zafin jiki na jadawalin hasashen yanayi don haɗawa da kewayon, mai launin purple, tsakanin 52 da 54 ° C (126 da 129 ° F). Rahoton yaduwar zafi a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na Australiya ya jawo gardama a cikin masana kimiyya, kamar yadda 'yan labaran suka nuna alaƙa tsakanin taron da canjin yanayi, wanda aka danganta shi da shi bisa ga binciken da Jami'ar Melbourne ta gudanar.

## Yankin
Kashi 70% na Ostiraliya sun shafar guguwar zafi wacce ta samo asali ne bayan da wani tafki mai zafi ya zauna a tsakiyar nahiyar. A cewar masanin yanayin yanayi David Jones, yanayin zafi ya fara ne a watan Satumbar 2012. Matsakaicin yanayin zafi a ƙarshen 2012 ya kai  ° C (2.9 ° F) sama da matsakaici. Matsakaicin matsakaicin yanayin zafi na yau da kullun shine mafi girma tsakanin 2 da 8 Janairu 2013. Tsawon guguwar zafi a cikin ƙauyen Queensland ya kasance mai tsawo sosai. A wasu yankuna na wannan jihar zafin dare bai sauka ƙasa da  ° C (95 ° F) ba.

## Dalilin da ya sa
Tsakiyar Ostiraliya ta sami rashin rufe girgije saboda ƙananan matakan danshi a lokacin mafi zafi na shekara. Wannan ya ba da damar yanayin ya zama mai zafi fiye da yadda aka saba. Rashin ruwan sama wanda yawanci ke ba da damar yanayin sanyaya bai faru ba.

## Yanayin zafi
An rubuta sabon yanayin zafi a kowace jiha da yankuna biyu na Ostiraliya. Ranar da ta fi zafi a rubuce a duk Ostiraliya an rubuta ta a matsayin 40.3 ° C (123.3 ° F) a ranar 7 ga Janairun 2013, wanda shine mafi girman matsakaicin zafin jiki na kasa da aka rubuta a Ostiraliya, har zuwa 17 ga Disamba 2019.

Sauran rikodin da aka karya a watan Janairun 2013 sun hada da:

*   , Leonora, Yammacin Australia
*   , Thargomindah, Queensland
*   , Walgett, New South Wales
*   , Eucla, Yammacin Australia
*   , Brewarrina, New South Wales
*   , Hay, New South Wales
*   , Windora, Queensland
*   , Meekatharra, Yammacin Australia
*   , Nowra, New South Wales
*   , Newcastle, New South Wales
*   , Murrurundi, New South Wales
*   , Grove, Tasmania
*   , Da yawa, Tasmania
*   , Oberon, New South Wales

Rashin ruwan sama a ƙarshen Janairu ya kawo ƙarshen zafi a Queensland da arewacin New South Wales, duk da haka yanayin zafi ya ci gaba har zuwa Maris 2013 a sassan Kudancin Australia. Tsawon zafi ya shafi Melbourne wanda ya kara tsanantawa ta hanyar kashe wutar lantarki. Matsakaicin yanayin zafi na wannan watan ya samu a Victoria, New South Wales da Tasmania. Sassan Kudancin Australia sun daidaita ko kusan karya rikodin zafin jiki a cikin makonni biyu na farko na Maris. Tasmania ta yi rikodin watan Maris mafi zafi. Matsakaicin zafin jiki a fadin jihar ya kasance  ° C (4.0 ° F) sama da yadda aka saba.

## Wutar daji
Jerin mummunan gobarar daji a kudu maso gabashin Tasmania a farkon watan Janairun 2013 ya ƙone hekta 20,000 (49,000 acres) kuma ya lalata akalla gine-gine 170. Har ila yau, gobarar daji ta shafi sassan Victoria da kudancin New South Wales.

## Ambaliyar ruwa
Yanayin zafi a Queensland da arewacin New South Wales sun ƙare ba zato ba tsammani a ƙarshen Janairun 2013 tare da ambaliyar ruwa mai tsanani da Tropical Cyclone Oswald da kuma haɗin ruwan sama ya haifar. Ruwan sama mai tsanani ya ci gaba har zuwa Fabrairu yayin da tsarin matsin lamba na wurare masu zafi ya haifar da rikici a gabashin Queensland. An rubuta ruwan sama na kwana bakwai sama da   in) a wasu yankuna na kudu maso gabashin Queensland.

## Haɗin canjin yanayi
Zafin ya kasance babban taron labarai kuma kafofin watsa labarai na Ostiraliya sun rubuta labarai sama da 800 game da zafin. Kashi 10% kawai na waɗannan sun ambata yuwuwar hanyar haɗi zuwa canjin yanayi,  amma rahoton da Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Ostiraliya mai suna *Angry Summer* ya bayyana cewa canjin yanayi na iya danganta kai tsaye da tsananin zafin rana. Takarda a cikin *Jaridar Al'adun Al'adun Ba'amural ta Amurka* ta ruwaito cewa zafin rana sun faru tare da kara yawan shekaru 60.  Binciken da Jami'ar Melbourne ta gudanar da Cibiyar Harkokin Kiwon Lafiya ta ARC don Kimiyyar Tsarin Yanayi ya danganta yanayin rikodin rikodin ga tasirin ** &#x5B; &#x5D; 

## Manazarta