Solomon Munk

## Tarihin Rayuwa
**An haifi Munk** a Gross Glogau a Masarautar Prussia . Ya sami koyarwarsa ta farko a cikin Ibrananci daga mahaifinsa, wani jami'in al'ummar Yahudawa; kuma bayan rasuwarsa ya shiga ajin Talmud na R. Jacob Joseph Oettinger . Yana da shekaru goma sha huɗu ya sami damar yin aiki a matsayin " ba'al ḳoreh " (mai karanta Attaura) a cikin majami'ar Malbish 'Arummim a Gross Glogau .

A cikin 1820 ya tafi Berlin, inda ya shiga dangantakar abokantaka da Leopold Zunz da kuma masanin ilimin falsafa AW Zumpt, yana nazarin Latin da Girkanci tare da E. Gans . Bayan shekaru biyu ya shiga gidan motsa jiki na Joachimthaler, yana tallafawa kansa a lokaci guda ta hanyar koyarwa. A 1824 ya shiga Jami'ar Berlin, yana halartar laccoci na Böckh, Hegel, musamman na Bopp .

Ganin cewa babu wani Bayahude da ya cancanci samun mukamai na gwamnati a Prussia a wancan lokacin, Munk ya bar jami'ar ba tare da ya yi digiri ba, inda ya yanke shawarar zuwa Faransa. Duk da haka, ya fara yin zango ɗaya a Jami'ar Bonn, inda ya yi karatun Larabci da Freytag da Sanskrit tare da Lassen . Da ya ratsa Weimar, ya ziyarci Goethe, wanda ya lura da wannan gaskiyar a cikin mujallarsa.

A shekara ta 1828 ya tafi Paris tare da taimakon matashin mawaki Michael Beer, ɗan'uwan Meyerbeer . A nan ma, kamar yadda yake a Berlin, da farko ya tallafa wa kansa ta hanyar koyarwa, daga cikin ɗalibansa akwai ƙannensa matasa Alphonse da Gustave de Rothschild . A shekara ta 1838 aka naɗa shi mai tsara rubutun Ibrananci, Chaldaic, Syriac, da Larabci a cikin Bibliothèque Nationale de Paris.

Munk yanzu ya sadaukar da kansa ga nazarin adabin Judæo-Larabci na Tsakiyar Zamani da kuma ayyukan Maimonides, musamman *Moreh Nebukim* na ƙarshen. Ya tafi kai tsaye zuwa asalin Larabci, yana ƙara rubutun da ya samu a Bibliothèque daga rubuce-rubucen da ya kwafi a Oxford. A lokaci guda ya yi cikakken bincike kan Aristotle, wanda Maimonides ke yawan ambato. Ta wannan hanyar ya tattara kayan da ake buƙata don bugun rubutun Larabci na *Moreh*, tare da fassara da bayanai, waɗanda ya buga a cikin manyan littattafai uku, tsawon lokaci bayan ya makance (1856, 1861, 1866). Ya rasa ganinsa a 1850 yayin da yake tattara rubuce-rubucen Sanskrit da Ibrananci a hannun ɗakin karatu.

## Tafiya zuwa Masar
Munk ya raka Montefiore da Crémieux zuwa Masar dangane da lamarin Damascus ; kuma saboda ilimin Larabci (kodayake wasu suna da'awar cewa yabo ne daga Louis Loewe ) an maye gurbin kalmar "adalci" da "rahama" a cikin *takardar* Mohammed Ali wadda ta cire wanda ake tuhuma daga tuhumar kisan kai na al'ada . Hakanan galibi saboda ƙoƙarinsa ne Yahudawan Masar suka kafa makarantu da aka tsara bisa ga hanyoyin koyarwa na Turai.

A Alkahira ya sayi ɗimbin rubuce-rubucen Larabci da Ibrananci a madadin Bibliothèque Nationale. Bayan dawowar sa an zabi Munk a matsayin sakatare na Consistoire Central des Israélites de France; a ranar 3 ga Disamba, 1858, an zabe shi memba na Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Letters ; kuma bayan ƴan shekaru an nada shi farfesa na Ibrananci a Collège de France, a madadin Renan . Ya mutu a Paris.

## Ayyuka
Ayyukan Munk sun haɗa da waɗannan:

* Le Guide des égarés (bugu na *Moreh* )
** Juzu'i na 1 (1856)
** Juzu'i na 2 (1861)
** Juzu'i na 3 (1866)
* "Reflexions sur le Culte des Anciens Hébreux," a cikin juzu'i. iv. na Littafi Mai Tsarki na S. Cahen
* "Sanarwa sur R. Saadia Gaon et sur une Version Persane d'Isaie" (ib. vol. ix)
* "Palestine, Description Géographique, Historique et Archeologique," a cikin "L'Univers Pittoresque," 1845 (wanda MA Levy ya fassara zuwa Jamusanci, 1871-72) masana'antu: Asie")
* "Mélanges de Philosophie Juive et Arabe," 1859
* "Sanarwa sur Abul Walid Merwan ibn Djanah et d'Autres Grammairiens Hébreux du X. et du XI. Siècle," 1850-51 (Cibiyar da ta yi rawani tare da "Prix Volney")
* "Rapport sur les Progrès des Etudes Sémitiques en France de 1840-1866," a cikin "Recueil de Rapports" na nunin 1867.

Tsakanin 1834 zuwa 1838 ya ba da gudummawa ga labaran *Temps* akan wallafe-wallafen Littafi Mai-Tsarki, Ibrananci, da Sanskrit. Dole ne kuma a ambaci fassarorinsa na rubuce-rubucen Finikiya a Marseilles da kuma kan sarcophagus na Eshmun'azar, Sarkin Sidon, waɗanda ya faɗo bayan ya rasa ganinsa; na gano rubutun Larabci na bayanin Al-Biruni na Indiya, wanda aka rubuta a farkon karni na sha ɗaya; da kuma wasiƙarsa zuwa F. Arago, na Kwalejin Kimiyya, game da tambaya game da tarihin ilimin taurari, wanda ya haifar da rikici tsakanin Biot da Sédillot .