Yaƙin Italiya da Habasha na Biyu

**Yaƙin Italiya da Habasha na Biyu**, wanda kuma ake kira Yaƙin Italiyanci da Abyssinia na Biyu. Yaƙin tashin hankali ne da Italiya ta yi da Habasha, wanda ya kasance daga Oktoba 1935 zuwa Fabrairu 1937. A Habasha sau da yawa ana kiranta kawai a matsayin **mamayewar ** (: ጣልያን ወረራ,  Ṭalyan warära; Oromo: Weerara Xaaliyaanii), kuma a Italiya a matsayin  (Italiyanci: Guerra d'Etiopia). Ana ganinsa a matsayin misali na manufofin fadadawa wanda ya nuna ikon Axis da rashin tasiri na League of Nations kafin barkewar yakin duniya na biyu.

A ranar 3 ga Oktoba 1935, sojoji dubu ɗari biyu na Sojojin Italiya karkashin umurnin Marshal Emilio De Bono sun kai hari daga Eritrea (wanda ke mulkin mallaka na Italiya a lokacin) ba tare da sanar da yakin ba. A lokaci guda ƙaramin karfi a ƙarƙashin Janar Rodolfo Graziani ya kai hari daga Somalia ta Italiya. A ranar 6 ga Oktoba, an ci Adwa, wani wuri na alama ga sojojin Italiya saboda cin nasara a Yaƙin Adwa da sojojin Habasha suka yi a lokacin Yaƙin Italiya da Habasha na farko. A ranar 15 ga Oktoba, sojojin Italiya sun kwace Aksum, kuma an cire wani obelisk da ke ado da birnin daga wurinsa kuma an aika shi zuwa Roma don a sanya shi a matsayin alama a gaban ginin Ma'aikatar Koloni.

Harin Habasha ya yi nasarar dakatar da ci gaban Italiya na 'yan makonni, amma girman makaman Italiya (musamman manyan bindigogi da hare-haren sama tare da bama-bamai da makamai masu guba) ya hana Habashawa amfani da nasarorin da suka samu na farko. Italiyanci sun ci gaba da kai farmaki a farkon watan Maris. A ranar 29 ga Maris 1936, Graziani ya jefa bam a birnin Harar kuma bayan kwana biyu Italiyanci sun sami nasara a Yaƙin Maychew, wanda ya soke duk wani yiwuwar juriya na Habasha. An tilasta wa Sarkin sarakuna Haile Selassie tserewa zuwa gudun hijira a ranar 2 ga Mayu, kuma sojojin Badoglio sun isa babban birnin Addis Ababa a ranar 5 ga Mayu. Italiya ta sanar da mamaye yankin Habasha a ranar 7 ga Mayu kuma an ayyana Sarkin Italiya Victor Emmanuel III a matsayin sarki a ranar 9 ga Mayu. Lardin Eritrea, Italiyanci Somaliland da Abyssinia (Ethiopia) sun haɗu don kafa Lardin Italiya na Gabashin Afirka. Yakin tsakanin sojojin Italiya da Habasha ya ci gaba har zuwa 19 ga Fabrairu 1937. A wannan rana, yunkurin kisan Graziani ya haifar da kisan kiyashi na Yekatit 12 a Addis Ababa, inda aka kashe fararen hula 1,400 da 30,000. Sojojin Italiya sun ci gaba da murkushe ayyukan 'yan tawaye ta hanyar *Arbegnoch* har zuwa 1939.

## Tarihi

### Jihar Gabashin Afirka

II. table.IMasarautar Italiya ta fara yunkurin kafa yankuna a cikin Horn of Africa a cikin shekarun 1880. Mataki na farko na fadada mulkin mallaka ya ƙare tare da bala'i na farko na Italo-Ethiopian War da kuma shan kashi na sojojin Italiya a Yaƙin Adwa, a ranar 1 ga Maris 1896, wanda Sojojin Habasha na Negus Menelik II suka haifar. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, Italiya ta watsar da shirye-shiryen fadadawa a yankin kuma ta iyakance kanta ga gudanar da ƙananan kadarorin da ta riƙe a yankin: mulkin mallaka na Italiya Eritrea da kuma mai kariya (daga baya mulkin mallaka) na Italiya Somaliland. A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka biyo baya, dangantakar tattalin arziki da diflomasiyya ta Italiya da Habasha ta kasance mai ɗorewa.

### Keɓewar Habasha
Burtaniya da Faransa, sun fi son Italiya a matsayin abokiyar adawa da Jamus, ba su dauki matakai masu karfi don hana karuwar sojojin Italiya a kan iyakokin Italiya Eritrea ta Italiya Somaliland ba. Saboda Tambayar Jamus, Mussolini ya buƙaci hana Hitler daga mamaye Austria yayin da yawancin Sojojin Italiya ke turawa zuwa Horn of Africa, wanda ya kai shi kusa da Faransa don samar da abin hanawa. Sarki Victor Emmanuel III ya raba girmamawar gargajiya ta Italiya ga ikon teku na Burtaniya kuma ya nace wa Mussolini cewa Italiya ba za ta yi tsayayya da Burtaniya ba kafin ya amince da yakin. A wannan bangaren, diflomasiyyar Burtaniya a farkon rabin 1935 ta taimaka sosai ga kokarin Mussolini na samun goyon bayan Victor Emmanuel ga mamayewar.
## Manazarta