Elizabeth A. Buffalo

**Elizabeth A. Buffalo** ita ce Farfesa ta Wayne E. Crill ta musamman kuma Shugabar ilimin *Physiology* da *Biophysics* a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Washington kuma shugaban sashen kimiyyar kwakwalwa a Cibiyar Bincike ta Kasa ta Washington. An san ta da bincike a fannin neurophysiology wanda ya shafi rawar da hippocampus da tsarin lobes na tsakiya ke takawa a cikin ilmantarwa da ƙwaƙwalwa da kuma wakilcin sararin samaniya da kewayawa.

Buffalo ta sami lambar yabo ta Troland Research daga Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa a cikin 2011 don "ƙwarewa, nazarin fannoni da yawa na hippocampus da tushen ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa. Ita memba ce ta Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Kimiyya na Kaisar, cibiyar bincike ta kimiyyar kwakwalwa da ke da alaƙa da Max Planck Society,  da Dana Alliance for Brain Initiatives. 

An zabe ta a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa a shekarar 2022.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Buffalo ta halarci Kwalejin Wellesley inda ta sami digiri na farko a falsafar a shekarar 1992.  Ta kammala karatun bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin Toxicological ta Kasa, Jefferson, Arkansas, inda take nazarin tasirin caffeine da sauran sinadarai (MK-801) akan ilmantarwa a cikin birai. Buffalo ta ci gaba da karatunta a Jami'ar California, San Diego, inda ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin falsafar a shekarar 1995, tana aiki a karkashin kulawar Patricia Churchland, da kuma digirin digirin digirinta a fannin kimiyyar kwakwalwa a shekarar 1998, tana aiki a ƙarƙashin kulawar Stuart Zola da Larry Squire .

Buffalo ta kammala horo na postdoctoral a cikin neuropsychology a Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Kasa, inda ta yi aiki tare da Robert Desimone daga 1999 zuwa 2005. Buffalo ya shiga bangaren koyarwa na sashen neurology a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Emory a shekara ta 2005 kuma an nada shi a cikin babban bangaren bangaren Sashen Neuropharmacology da Cututtukan Neurologic a Cibiyar Bincike ta Kasa ta Yerkes a shekara ta 2009.

Buffalo ta koma Jami'ar Washington School of Medicine a cikin 2013 tare da alƙawari na hadin gwiwa zuwa Sashen Neuroscience na Cibiyar Nazarin Primate ta Washington. Binciken ta ya sami tallafi daga Cibiyoyin Lafiya na Kasa, DARPA, Gidauniyar Simons,  Gidauniya ta Charles A. Dana, da Pfizer.

## Bincike
Buffalo tana amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban na bincike don bincika tushen jijiyoyin ilmantarwa da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, gami da amfani da wasannin bidiyo don nazarin tsarin ƙwaƙwalwan ajiya a cikin birai. Ɗaya daga cikin burinta shine ya bayyana rawar da hippocampus ke takawa a ci gaban taswirar fahimta da sauran nau'ikan wakilcin sararin samaniya da rawar da take takawa a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da ƙwaƙwalyar ajiya. Ayyukanta na hadin gwiwa tare da wasu masana kimiyyar kwakwalwa sun nuna cewa hippocampus yana ƙunshe da kewayon abubuwan da ke cikin mahallin, gami da bayanan lokaci da yanayi, don tallafawa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya don abubuwan da suka faru da kuma ƙwarewar kewayawa.

Wasu daga cikin ayyukan Buffalo da abokan aikinta sun yi amfani da dabarun rauni tare da birai don fahimtar rawar da hippocampus ke takawa a cikin ganewa da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Dabbobin da ke fama da raunin da ya haifar da lalacewar ischemic, raƙuman rediyo na stereotaxic, ko ƙwayoyin neurotoxins, kamar ibotenic acid, wanda ya faru a hippocampus ya nuna raunin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwarsa, kamar yadda aka tantance ta amfani da aikin kwatankwacin gani da jinkirin rashin daidaitawa don aikin samfurin. Marubutan sun kammala cewa hippocampus yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, tare da ƙarin aiki game da yadda hippocampum ke daidaita aikinsa tare da wasu tsarin, musamman perirhinal cortex. Sauran aiki a kan aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya shine gano yadda canje-canje da ke da alaƙa da tsufa ko cututtuka zasu iya tsoma baki tare da ƙwaƙwalwan ajiya da dawowa, da kuma yadda sarrafawa na gani zai iya samar da alamomi don fahimtar raunin fahimta na farko.

## Littattafan wakilci

* [Hotuna a shafi na 9] Matsayi daban-daban don tsarin lobes na tsakiya a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya don abubuwa da wuraren su. Koyon & Memory, 13 (5), 638-643.
* [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga Ibrananci da aka yi amfani da ita a lokacin da aka samo asali ne. Bambance-bambance na Laminar a cikin gamma da alpha coherence a cikin rafin ventral. *Ayyukan Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa, 108* (27), 11262-11267.
* [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga Ibrananci da aka yi amfani da ita. Ci gaba na baya na tasirin kulawa a cikin rafin ventral. *Ayyukan Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa, 107* (1), 361-365.
* [Hotuna a shafi na 9] Cutar perirhinal ta mutum da ƙwaƙwalwar ganewa. [Hasiya]
* [Hotuna a shafi na 9] Taswirar sararin samaniya a cikin cortex entorhinal na primate. Halitta, 491 (7426), 761-764.
* [Hotuna a shafi na 9] Rashin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya yana tasowa a tsawon lokaci: Tunanin hukuncin shari'ar OJ Simpson bayan watanni 15 da 32. [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 11]

## Manazarta