Bella Guerin

**Julia Margaret Guerin Halloran Lavender** (23 Afrilu 1858 a Williamstown, Colony of Victoria - 26 Yuli 1923 a Adelaide, Kudancin Australia), wanda aka fi sani da **Bella Guerin**, 'yar Australiya ce, Mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata, mai fafatawa da mata, mai adawa da neman izini, mai fadakarwa da siyasa da malamar makaranta. 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Guerin a ranar 23 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta alif dari takwas da hamsin da takwas 1858 a Williamstown, Victoria. Ita 'yar Julia Margaret (née Kearney) ce da Patrick Guerin; an haifi iyayenta a Ireland. Mahaifinta ya yi aiki a matsayin sajan hukunci kuma ya kai matsayin gwamnan gaols.

Bayan ta yi karatu a gida don wuce karatun digiri a 1878, Bella ta zama mace ta farko da ta kammala karatu daga jami'ar Australiya lokacin da ta sami B.A. daga Jami'ar Melbourne a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1883,  ta zama MA a kan aikace-aikace a shekara ta 1885. 

## Ayyuka

### Koyarwa
Ta fara koyarwa a Kwalejin Loreto, Victoria,  tana roƙon tallafin karatu na ilimi mafi girma ga 'yan matan Katolika don samar da 'ƙungiyar mata masu tunani masu daraja a matsayin tasiri mai ƙarfi ga nagarta'.

Ta auri ma'aikacin gwamnati kuma mawaki Henry Halloran a St. Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne, a ranar 29 ga Yuni 1891. Halloran, a lokacin tana da shekaru 80, ta yi mata jawabi ga waka mai ladabi bayan ta ga hoton kammala karatun a 1884. Ya mutu a Sydney a ranar 19 ga Mayu 1893, ya bar ta da jariri, Henry Marco . Aure na biyu a Ikilisiyar Kristi, St Kilda, Melbourne a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1909 ga George D'Arcie Lavender, shekaru talatin da ta fi ƙanƙanta, a bayyane yake ba ta da rai.

Komawa ga koyarwa daga bukatar kudi, Bella ta koyar a Sydney, sannan Carlton, Prahran da Gabashin Melbourne. Daga tsakiyar shekarun 1890 ta saba zuwa ƙungiyoyin masu cin gashin kanta, ta zama mai rike da ofis a cikin Bendigo Women's Franchise League yayin da take gudanar da Kwalejin Jami'ar, Bendigo daga 1898 - 1903. Daga 1904 zuwa 1917 ta koyar a Camperdown kuma a cikin jerin ƙananan makarantun Melbourne a Kudancin Yarra, St Kilda, Parkville da Brunswick tare da raguwar nasara. Ƙarin ayyukanta na siyasa da jayayya game da yanayin da Ma'aikatar Ilimi mai yiwuwa sun ba da gudummawa ga wannan sakamakon.[1]

### Kungiyar Siyasa ta Mata
A matsayinta na mataimakin shugaban kungiyar siyasa ta mata a 1912 - 1914 Guerin ya hada hannu da Vida Goldstein ta 1913 a zaben majalisar dattijai, amma kasancewar mambobi biyu na kungiyoyin mata da ba na jam'iyya ba sun tabbatar da cewa ba za a iya jurewa ba. Daga shekara ta 1914 ta rubuta kuma ta yi magana ga jam'iyyun Socialist na Labour da Victorian da kuma Women's League of Socialists, kuma an san ta a matsayin mai sharhi 'mai basira, mai basira da koyarwa' a kan batutuwan zamantakewa masu rikitarwa; sun haɗa da haƙƙin yara marasa aure, "yan uwantaka da 'yan uwa ba tare da bambancin jima'i ba" da kuma kare 'yan mata masu fafutukar Ingila.

Mai fafutukar farfaganda mai adawa da yaki, ta jagoranci yakin neman zabe na mata na Labor Anti-Conscription Fellowship a lokacin raba gardama na 1916 kuma ta yi magana a Adelaide, Broken Hill da Victorian metropolitan da cibiyoyin kasar game da militarism da kuma kare haƙƙin taro da 'yancin magana. 

### Siyasa
An nada ta mataimakiyar shugaban kwamitin shirya mata na jam'iyyar Labor Party ta Australia a watan Maris na shekara ta 1918, ta haifar da zargi da jayayya don bayyana mata masu aiki a matsayin "masu yin poodles da packhorses", wanda ba a wakilce shi a cikin yanke shawara na manufofi kuma an sake shi zuwa matsayi na tara kudade. Daga nan gaba ta shirya wa Labor "kawai har ya tsaya ga waɗancan ka'idodin da Red Flag ke wakilta", ta yi imani da tsarin majalisa amma tana son kawar da jari-hujja.

A cikin addini ta koma daga Roman Katolika zuwa rationalism. Ta bayyana juyin halitta na siyasa daga "Matsayin Maza" zuwa "democratic grub" kuma ta fuskanci ci gaba da tashin hankali a matsayin mai goyon bayan gurguzu a cikin Jam'iyyar Labor.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Dan Gerin, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin likita a Adelaide daga 1915, ya bayyana ta a matsayin "mafi alheri da kuma mafi tausayi a cikin mata"; ta ga kanta a matsayin "mai son kasa" da kuma "mai fafutuka mai ban mamaki", yana inganta sa hannun mata a rayuwar jama'a. An dauke ta a matsayin mai magana da "ƙwarewa ta musamman".

Ta mutu a Adelaide a ranar 26 ga Yuli 1923 na cirrhosis na hanta, tana da shekaru 65, kuma an binne ta a makabartar Katolika a West Terrace . 

Da yake Bella Guerin ta yi amfani da lokaci tana koyarwa a Ballarat, Jami'ar Ballarat (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar Tarayyar Ostiraliya) ta girmama ta ta hanyar sanya sunan daya daga cikin Gidajen zama na harabar Mt Helen guda biyu bayan ta (wanda ake kira bayan Peter Lalor, wanda ya jagoranci Eureka Stockade a Ballararat) 

An sanya sunan Guerin Place a cikin unguwar Canberra ta Chisholm don girmama ta.

* Henry Halloran, mijin farko

## Manazarta