Ginin daji a Costa Rica

Ana yin kokarin sake gina gandun daji a Costa Rica don sake gina bambancin halittu da yanayin halittu waɗanda suka fuskantan  mummunan lalacewar gandun daji.

## Tarihi
Costa Rica tana da tsarin halittu daban-daban guda shida, kuma an dauke shi wuri mai zafi na halittu- yana da 5% na jimlar halittu masu yawa a duniya a cikin 0.1% na ƙasarsa. Raguwar gandun daji na Costa Rican ya kasance ne saboda katako da ba a tsara ba a tsakiyar shekarun 1900. Masu katako sun share yawancin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi don riba. A cikin shekarun 1990s, Costa Rica tana da mafi girman yawan lalacewar gandun daji a duniya. A sakamakon haka, gwamnatin Costa Rican ta fara kokarin gyara lalacewar da aka yi wa shimfidar wuri a wannan lokacin da kuma bunkasa ta hanyar da ta dace.

### Kashe daji
A cikin shekarun 1940, noma da katako marasa kulawa sune babban abin da ya haifar da raguwar gandun daji na Costa Rica. A cikin shekarun 1980s, kashi biyu bisa uku na gandun daji na wurare masu zafi sun ɓace ga waɗannan ayyukan sare daji. Irin wannan hanzari da karfi da kuma karfi da gandun daji ya kasance ne saboda wadannan manufofi na kasar kamar: kasafin kudi ga shanu, dokokin da ke ba da lada ga gandun daji da sauri ko fadada tsarin hanya.

## Manufar
An rasa yawancin yanayin halitta na Costa Rican, saboda haka gwamnati ta gabatar da matakai biyu don karewa da farfado da shi. Da farko, gwamnati ta haramta share gandun daji ba tare da izini ba. Abu na biyu, gwamnati ta gabatar da biyan kuɗi don ayyukan muhalli (PES) wanda ya ba da ƙarfafawar tattalin arziki don kiyayewa da dawo da gandun daji.

Wadannan matakan sun yi nasara sosai cewa, a cikin 2021, kasar ta lashe kyautar farko ta Earthshot don kokarin kiyaye su.

A cikin ƙoƙari na juyar da mummunan tasirin da manufofi marasa kyau suka haifar wanda ya haifar da sake fasalin, Costa Rica ta fara amfani da shirin PES (Ku biya don Ayyukan Muhalli). Shirin na PES ya ba da gudummawar kuɗi ga masu mallakar filaye da tsare-tsaren gandun daji don kare gandun daji, sake gina gandun daji da kuma shimfidar wuri mai ɗorewa.

Shirin na PES ya haifar da fa'idodi da yawa na zamantakewa, inganta ingancin rayuwa da kuma tattalin arziki. Tsakanin 1997 da 2019, fiye da iyalai 18,000 sun amfana daga gudummawar kudi.

## Ayyuka
An kirkiro shirye-shirye da ayyukan da yawa don karewa da dawo da yanayi ciki har da Yankin Kula da Guanacaste (ACG) da BaumInvest.

### Yankin Karewa na Guanacaste (ACG)
Yankin Kula da Yanayi na Guanacaste (ACG) ya ƙunshi kadada 163,000 na ƙasashe a ƙarƙashin gudanarwar Sistema Nacional de Areas de Conservacion (SINAC). An kirkiro ACG a cikin 1986 tare da manufa don dawo da gandun daji masu bushewa, da kuma yanayin halittu da ke kewaye da su waɗanda suka jimre da lalacewa ta hanyar aikin ɗan adam. Kokarinsu ya fara ne a yankin Santa Rosa National Park, wanda aka kirkira a shekarar 1971. ACG tana mai da hankali kan maidowa, tsira da kiyaye wadatattun tsire-tsire da Dabbobi da ke zaune a waɗannan ƙasashe kuma an yi barazanar daruruwan shekaru na aikin ɗan adam.

### BaumInvestment
An fara aikin sake gina gandun daji na BaumInvest a Costa Rica a cikin 2007. Wadannan ayyukan suna neman kafa gandun daji mai ɗorewa da diyya ta carbon ta hanyar gandun daji. Kimanin kadada 1,280 na makiyaya an sake dasa su da itatuwa na asali (an dasa bishiyoyi sama da miliyan ɗaya).  Wannan aikin ya haifar da farfado da nau'ikan dabbobi masu rarrafe 70 daban-daban, da kuma rayuwar Dipteryx panamensis (nau'in bishiyoyi masu haɗari). Har ila yau, aikin ya samar da tasiri mai kyau na zamantakewar al'umma kamar: inganta ilimin muhalli, da kuma samar da ayyukan karkara masu aminci da ɗorewa wanda ke taimakawa wajen rage katako ba bisa ka'ida ba, farauta da cinikin dabbobi.

Wannan aikin shine aikin sake gina gandun daji na farko wanda aka ba da takardar shaidar Gold Standard saboda tasirinsa mai kyau a kan muhalli.

## Dubi kuma

* Kashe daji a Costa Rica
* Dabbobin daji na Costa Rica

## manazarta