open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ryan Smith (ɗan siyasa na Australiya)

**Ryan James Smith** (an haife shi 2 Afrilu 1969) ɗan siyasan Australiya ne. Ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Liberal na Majalisar Dokokin Victoria daga 2006 zuwa 2023, yana wakiltar zaɓaɓɓen Warrandyte . Ya kasance Ministan Muhalli da Sauyin yanayi kuma Ministan Matasa daga 2010 zuwa 2014, yana aiki a gwamnatocin Baillieu da Napthine .

## Sana'a
Smith ya yi aiki a ayyuka daban-daban a ayyukan kudi kafin shiga siyasa, ciki har da jami'in baitul mali na North Limited daga 1989 zuwa 1992, dillalin kudi na Bankin Ostiraliya ta kasa daga 1992 zuwa 1994, jami'in baitul mali na BP Finance daga 1994 zuwa 1999, jami'in kudi na Orica daga 1990 zuwa 2090 kwararre na musayar kudi daga Suncorp . 2000 zuwa 2002, kuma a matsayin manaja a bankin Commonwealth daga 2003 zuwa 2006. An zabe shi a majalisar dokoki a zaben jihar 2006, ya gaji tsohon dan majalisar Liberal Phil Honeywood mai ritaya. Ya kasance sakataren majalisar inuwa na muhalli da fasaha daga 2008 zuwa 2009, kafin a kara masa girma zuwa ma'aikatar inuwa, yana aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Masana'antu da Inuwa Ministan Masana'antu daga 2009 zuwa 2010. Bayan nasarar Liberal-National a zaben 2010, Smith an nada shi Ministan Muhalli da Canjin ku .  Smith ya rasa ayyukansa na minista bayan shan kayen da aka yi na kawancen Liberal-National a zaben jihar Victoria na 2014 .

A lokacin 2014 Lisa Neville, 'yar majalisa ta Labour, ta zargi Smith da cin mutuncinta. Smith ya ƙi da'awar. 

A cikin 2015 Smith ya kada kuri'a don haramtawa masu zanga-zangar hana zubar da ciki zanga-zanga a wajen asibitocin zubar da ciki. 

Smith ya kada kuri'a kan halatta zubar da ciki a Victoria a lokacin 2008.  A cikin Disamba 2014 Ryan Smith an nada shi Ministan Shadow na Hanyoyi har zuwa 2017 lokacin da aka nada shi Ministan Kudi da Rayuwa na Musamman na Inuwa.  

Bayan asarar jam'iyyar masu sassaucin ra'ayi yayin zaben jihar Victoria na 2022, Smith ya sanar da takararsa na zaben shugabancin jam'iyyar Liberal Party of Australia (Victorian Division) na 2022 .   Bayan 'yan kwanaki zai janye kuma ya bayyana goyon bayansa ga Brad Battin don zaben jagoranci.

A ranar 31 ga Mayu 2023, ya ba da sanarwar cewa zai yi murabus daga majalisar a ranar 7 ga Yuli, don fara aiki a fannin kamfanoni. Ya ce dalilansa sun hada da rashin jin dadi tare da yadda siyasa ke kara tabarbarewa. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An haifi Smith a Greensborough kuma ya yi karatu a Lilydale High School.  Smith ya yi aure kuma yana da yara biyu.

## Manazarta
Olivia Rossetti Agresti

**Olivia Rossetti Agresti** (1875–1960) ɗan gwagwarmayar Biritaniya ne, marubuci, edita, kuma mai fassara. Memba na ɗaya daga cikin fitattun iyalai na fasaha da adabi na Ingila, yanayin siyasarta mara al'ada ya fara da anarchism, ya ci gaba da Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya, ya ƙare da Fascism na Italiyanci. Shigarta tare da na karshen ya haifar da muhimmiyar wasika da abota da Ezra Pound, wanda ya ambace ta sau biyu a cikin The Cantos.
Yayinda suke cikin yarinya, Olivia da 'yar'uwarta, Helen Rossetti Angeli (1879-1969), sun fara buga mujallar anarchist, The Torch . Shekaru bayan haka, ta amfani da sunan "Isabel Meredith", Olivia da Helen sun buga A Girl Among the Anarchists, wani labari mai ban mamaki game da kwanakinsu a matsayin yara masu juyin juya hali es.
Olivia Rossetti Agresti Papers. Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book
## Ayyukan da aka zaɓa

* 1903. A Girl Among the Anarchists (wanda aka rubuta tare da 'yar'uwarta Helen a karkashin sunan "Isabel Meredith"). London: Duckworth Press. edition Intanet Archive
* 1904. *Giovanni Costa: Rayuwarsa, Aiki, da Lokaci*. London: Grant Richards.
* 1920. "LEAGUE OF AGRICULTURE; Yadda Cibiyar David Lubin ta Kafa Za ta Ƙara Ƙungiyar Ƙasashe", *New York Times*, 23 ga Mayu, Shafin XX16
* 1922. David Lubin: Nazarin A Practical Idealism . Boston: Little, Brown da Kamfanin. 2nd edition, Berkeley da Los Angeles: Jami'ar California Press, 1941.
* 1938. The Organization of the Arts and Professions in the Fascist Guild State (wanda aka rubuta tare da Mario Missiroli). Roma: Laboremus

## Manazarta
Holocene

**Holocene** (/ˈhɒl.əsiːn, -oʊ-, ˈhoʊ.lə-, -loʊ-/)   shine zamanin ilimin ƙasa na yanzu, wanda ya fara kimanin shekaru 11,700 da suka gabata.  Ya biyo bayan Lokacin Glacial na Ƙarshe, wanda ya ƙare tare da koma baya na Holocene. Holocene da Pleistocene da suka gabata  tare sun samar da lokacin Quaternary. Holocene wani lokaci ne na Interglacial a cikin ci gaba da zagaye na Quaternary, kuma daidai yake da Marine Isotope Stage 1.

Holocene yana da alaƙa da matsakaicin axial na ƙarshe ruwa ga Sun na kuskuren Duniya. Holocene ya dace da saurin yaduwa, girma, da tasirin jinsunan mutane a duk duniya, gami da duk tarihin rubuce-rubucensa, Juyin juya halin fasaha, ci gaban manyan wayewa, da kuma sauye-sauye masu mahimmanci zuwa rayuwar birane a yanzu. Za'a iya la'akari da tasirin ɗan adam a kan Duniya ta zamani da tsarin halittu na duniya don juyin halitta na gaba na jinsunan rayuwa, gami da kusan shaidar lithospheric, ko kuma kwanan nan shaidar hydrospheric da yanayi na tasirin ɗan adam.

Bayan halakawar mafi yawan dabbobi masu shayarwa na duniya a waje da Afirka a lokacin da ya gabata na Late Pleistocene, yanayin halittu na Holocene ya ci gaba da tasiri ta hanyar halakawa (halakawar Holocene mai gudana), galibi na haifar da mutum.

A watan Yulin 2018, Ƙungiyar Kimiyya ta Duniya ta raba Holocene Epoch zuwa shekaru uku daban-daban bisa ga yanayi, Greenlandian (shekaru 11,700 da suka gabata zuwa shekaru 8,200 da suka gabata), Northgrippian (shekara 8,200 da ta gabata zuwa shekaru 4,200 da suka wuce) da Meghalayan (shekaro 4,200 da ta baya zuwa yanzu), kamar yadda Hukumar Kasa da Kasa ta gabatar. Tsohon zamani, Greenlandian, an nuna shi ta hanyar dumama bayan zamanin kankara da ya gabata. An san zamanin Arewacin Grippian da sanyaya mai yawa saboda rushewar yaduwar teku wanda ya haifar da narkewar kankara. Shekarar Holocene ta baya-bayan nan ita ce Meghalayan na yanzu, wanda ya fara da matsanancin fari wanda ya kai kimanin shekaru 200.

## Magana
Kalmar *Holocene* an kafa ta ne daga kalmomi biyu na Tsohon Girkanci. *Hólos* ita ce kalmar Helenanci don "dukan". "Cene" ya fito ne daga kalmar Helenanci *Kainos* (), ma'ana "sabon". Manufar ita ce wannan zamanin "sabon ne".    Ana amfani da ma'anar '-cene' ga dukkan lokutan bakwai na zamanin Cenozoic.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
Hukumar Kasa da Kasa kan Stratigraphy ta bayyana HoloCE kamar yadda ya fara kimanin shekaru 11,700 kafin 2000 AZ (shekaru 11,650 BP, ko 9,700 KZ).  Kwamitin a kan Quaternary Stratigraphy (SQS) ya ɗauki kalmar 'kwanan nan' a matsayin hanyar da ba daidai ba ta magana game da Holocene, ya fi son kalmar 'zamani' maimakon bayyana hanyoyin yanzu. Har ila yau, ya lura cewa ana iya amfani da kalmar 'Flandrian' a matsayin ma'anar Holocene, kodayake yana zama tsohon yayi. Hukumar Kasa da Kasa kan Stratigraphy, duk da haka, ta dauki Holocene a matsayin lokacin da ya biyo bayan Pleistocene kuma musamman bayan lokacin glacial na ƙarshe. Sunayen gida na lokacin ƙarshe sun haɗa da Wisconsinan a Arewacin Amurka,  Weichselian a Turai,  Devensian a Burtaniya,  Llanquihue a Chile  da Otiran a New Zealand.

## Manazarta
Yankin Girma

Ramin Crease wani ɗan ƙaramin dutse ne, ƙaramin tsauni a arewacin yammacin British Columbia, Kanada, wanda ke kan arewa ta tsakiyar tsibirin Graham na Haida Gwaii, tsakanin Lan da tafkin Adam.  Tana da yanki na 79 km2 kuma ya ƙunshi tuddai.  Wani yanki ne na tsaunukan Sarauniya Charlotte wanda hakan ya zama wani yanki na tsaunukan Insular . &nbsp;
Jam'iyyar Nazi ta Denmark

Jam'iyyar National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark (Danish: Danmarks Nationalsocialistiske Arbejderparti; **DNSAP**) ita ce babbar Jam'iyyar Nazi a Denmark kafin da kuma lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu .

## Tarihi
An kafa jam'iyyar ne a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba 1930, bayan naSA da Nazis suka samu a zaben Reichstag na Jamus na wannan shekarar. Jam'iyyar ta yi koyi da Jam'iyyar Nazi a Jamus, gami da amfani da swastika da Gaisuwa ga Hitler, sunan rundunarsu ta yaki a matsayin SA, har ma da raira waƙar da aka fassara na Horst Wessel Song. Jam'iyyar ta kasance Masu adawa da Yahudawa, kodayake ba daidai ba ne da na Nazi na Jamus.

Jam'iyyar tana da wasu bambance-bambance tare da Jamusawa; a matsayin 'yan kasar Denmark, suna son iyakar Denmark ta girma zuwa kudu don ɗaukar duk tarihin Duchy na Schleswig, matakin da zai kawo karin kabilun Jamusawa a ƙarƙashin mulkin Danish. DNSAP ta yi la'akari da Jamusawa na Arewa da Kudancin Schleswig a zahiri Jamusanci Danes ne, waɗanda za a iya dawo da su ta hanyar siyasa zuwa asalin su na Danish. Jamusawa sun so su haɗa yankin arewacin Schleswig cikin jihar Jamus. DNSAP ta kuma goyi bayan ka'idodin aminci ga mulkin mallaka na Denmark da Ikilisiyar Denmark.

An maye gurbin Lembcke a 1933 da Fris Clausen, wanda ya mayar da hankali ga ayyukan a yankinsa na Arewacin Schleswig, inda yawancin goyon baya ga DNSAP zai fito. A zaben 1939, tare da kimanin mambobi 5000, jam'iyyar ta lashe kujeru uku a Folketing (majalisa), wanda ya dace da kashi 1.8% na kuri'un da aka kada.

DNSAP ya goyi bayan mamayewar Hitler da kuma zama na gaba na Denmark a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 1940. Canje-canje zuwa gwamnatin Nazi a Denmark an yi la'akari da shi ta hannun jami'in gudanarwa na Jamus, Cecil von Renthe-Fink, a ƙarshen 1940, amma saboda manufofin haɗin gwiwa tare da halaltacciyar gwamnatin Danish, an ga ya fi kyau a jira har sai Jamus ta sami tallafin kuɗi daga Jamus kuma DNSAP ta sami nasarar yaƙin. Babban abin da ke tasiri shawarar Renthe-Fink shine gazawar taron jam'iyyar a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 1940, wanda aka tsara ya zama alamar karbe ikon siyasa a Denmark. [ana ruwan hujja] [ana bukatar] Taron ya samu cin karo da dimbin jama'a da makiya, wanda ya zarce mahalarta sau da dama, kuma 'yan sandan Denmark sun kare 'yan jam'iyyar. Bayan taron dai ‘yan sanda sun raka mahalarta taron domin ceto su daga farmakin da wasu da ke wajen suka yi musu duka.k&#x5B;**&#x5D;s.

## ''Guguwar Afdeling''

D.N.S.A.P. tana da nasa Storm Troopers - SA (Danish: Storm Afdeling) wanda tufafin sabis na yau da kullun shine rigar launin ruwan kasa tare da baƙar fata da takalma na sama, baƙar fata taye da baƙar baki tare da fararen swastika. Headgear na iya zama ko dai baƙar fata ko baƙar fata. A kan murfin da aka fi sani da shi akwai lambar kashi biyu wanda ya kunshi al'ummar Denmark da kuma "S" da "A" a cikin fararen da'irar. "Full dress" uniform ya kunshi launin ruwan kasa tunic, baki breeches, Sam Browne belt da giciye strap da aka sa tare da khaki shirt da taye, da kuma forage cap. A kan aiki, masu gadi sun sa kwalkwali na ƙarfe na sojojin Danish tare da lambar S.A. . 
## Manazarta
Karel Domin

**Karel Domin** (4 ga Mayu 1882 - 10 ga Yuni 1953) ya kasance masanin ilimin tsire-tsire kuma ɗan siyasa na Czech.

Domin ya kasance 4 ga Mayu 1882, Kutná Hora, Masarautar Bohemia, Austria-Hungary. Bayan karatun makarantar motsa jiki a Příbram, ya yi karatun botany a Jami'ar Charles da ke Prague, kuma ya kammala a 1906. Tsakanin 1911 da 1913 ya wallafa muhimman labarai da yawa game da lissafin Australiya. A shekara ta 1916 an nada shi a matsayin farfesa na ilimin shuke-shuke. Domin ya kware a fannin ilimin ƙasa, geobotany da lissafin shuka-shuke. Ya zama memba a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Czechoslovak, ya buga ayyukan kimiyya da yawa kuma ya kafa cibiyar ilimin shuke-shuke a jami'ar. Sikeli na Domin, hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita don rarraba daidaitattun yanki ta yawan nau'ikan shuke-shuke da aka samu a wannan yanki, an sanya masa suna. Domin ya shirya jerin exsiccata *Flora Čechoslovenica exsiccata* (1929-1936) tare da Vladimír Krajina . 

In A cikin shekara ta ilimi ta 1933-34 ya kasance shugaban Jami'ar Charles kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mahalarta gwagwarmaya don tsohuwar alamar ilimi tsakanin jami'o'in Czech da Jamus na Prague (insigniáda) wanda ya haifar da fadace-fadace da fashi. Daga 1935 zuwa 1939, ya kasance memba na majalisa; bayan Yarjejeniyar Munich, ya kafa ƙungiyar siyasa ta gargajiya (Akce národní obrody).

An dauke shi mutumin da ya fi alhakin kirkirar Gidan shakatawa na Tatra . 

Ya mutu a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1953 a Prague .
## Manazarta
Hypermobility (tafiye-tafiye)

Matafiya na **Hypermobile** su ne "mutane masu saurin motsi" waɗanda ke yin "tafiye-tafiye akai-akai, sau da yawa a kan nisa mai nisa. " Suna "ƙididdige babban rabo na jimlar kilomita da aka yi tafiya, musamman ta iska. "  Waɗannan mutane suna ba da gudummawa sosai ga jimlar mil na iska da aka tashi a cikin wata al'umma.  Kodayake damuwa game da hypermobility ya shafi hanyoyi da yawa na sufuri, Tasirin muhalli na jirgin sama kuma musamman hayakin gas dinsa sun kawo mayar da hankali kan tashi. Daga cikin dalilan wannan mayar da hankali shine cewa waɗannan hayaki, saboda an yi su ne a babban tsawo, suna da tasirin yanayi wanda aka kiyasta ya zama 2.7 mafi girma, fiye da wannan hayaki idan an yi shi a matakin ƙasa.

Kodayake yawan lokacin da mutane suka kwashe a motsi ya kasance daidai tun 1950, canjin daga ƙafa da kekuna zuwa motoci da jiragen sama ya kara saurin tafiya sau biyar. Wannan yana haifar da tasirin tagwaye na yankuna masu faɗi, da ƙananan ayyukan zamantakewa a kusa da kowane mutum (wanda ya kara tsanantawa ta hanyar sadarwa ta lantarki wanda za'a iya gani a matsayin nau'in motsi na kama-da-wane), da kuma lalacewar yanayin zamantakewa da na zahiri wanda ya haifar da zirga-zirga mai sauri (kamar yadda mai tsara birane Donald Appleyard ya tsara).

Ana kawo canje-canjen a cikin gida saboda amfani da motoci da manyan hanyoyi, da kuma jiragen sama na duniya. Wasu daga cikin barazanar zamantakewa na hypermobility sun hada da: 

* karin bambanci tsakanin masu arziki da matalautararrabuwa tsakanin masu arziki da matalauta
* rage lafiya da lafiya

Ana ganin yaduwar amfani da Intanet a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa ga hypermobility saboda karuwar sauƙin da yake ba da damar yin tafiya da ake so da shirya. A gefe guda, yaduwar kayan aikin sadarwa na kan layi a matsayin madadin tarurruka na mutum an haɗa shi da raguwar kashi 25% a tafiye-tafiye na kasuwanci ta mazauna Burtaniya daga 2000 zuwa 2010.

Kalmar **hypermobility** ta taso a kusa da 1980 game da kwararar babban birnin kasar,  kuma tun farkon 1990s kuma yana nufin tafiye-tafiye mai yawa. [ *Duba:* Hepworth da Ducatel (1992);  Whitelegg (1993);  Lowe (1994);  van der Stoep (1995);  Garkuwa (1996);  Cox (1997);  Adams (1999);  Khist da Zeitler (2001);  Gössling et al. (2009);  Mander & Randles (2009);  da (Higham 2014).  ] An yi la'akari da kalmar cewa Adams ne ya kirkiro shi (1999), amma baya ga taken aikin, babu wani abu da ya bayyana a fili game da shi sai dai "[t] an yi amfani da kalmar hypermobility a cikin wannan maƙala don nuna cewa yana iya yiwuwa a sami abu mai kyau da yawa."  

## Manazarta
Shekarar kankara

**Shekarar [[Yankin kankara|kankara]]** lokaci ne mai tsawo na raguwa a cikin zafin jiki na farfajiyar Duniya da yanayi, wanda ke haifar da kasancewar ko fadada kankara na nahiyar da polar da glaciers na alpine. Yanayin duniya yana canzawa tsakanin shekarun kankara, da kuma lokutan greenhouse lokacin da babu kankara a duniya. Duniya a halin yanzu tana cikin zamanin kankara da ake kira Quaternary glaciation .  Kowane mutum na yanayin sanyi a cikin zamanin kankara ana kiransa lokutan glacial (glacials, glaciations, matakan glacial, filayen wasa, filayen, ko kuma a cikin magana, shekarun kankara), da kuma lokutan zafi a cikin zamanin ƙanƙara ana kiransa *interglacials* ko *interstadials*.

A cikin ilimin kankara, ana bayyana kalmar zamanin kankara ta hanyar kasancewar manyan kankara a arewa da kudancin hemispheres. Ta hanyar wannan ma'anar, zamanin Holocene na yanzu shine lokacin interglacial na zamanin kankara. Ana sa ran tarin iskar gas mai guba don jinkirta lokacin glacial na gaba.

## Tarihin bincike
A cikin 1742, Pierre Martel (1706-1767), injiniya da masanin ilimin ƙasa da ke zaune a Geneva, ya ziyarci kwarin Chamonix a cikin Alps na Savoy .  Shekaru biyu bayan haka ya wallafa labarin tafiyarsa. Ya ba da rahoton cewa mazaunan wannan kwarin sun danganta warwatsewar duwatsu masu rikitarwa ga kankara, yana cewa sun taɓa faɗaɗa zuwa nesa. Daga baya an bayar da rahoton irin wannan bayani daga wasu yankuna na Alps. A cikin 1815 masassaƙi da mafarauci Jean-Pierre Perraudin (1767-1858) ya bayyana duwatsu marasa daidaituwa a cikin Val de Bagnes a cikin canton na Valais na Switzerland kamar yadda ya faru ne saboda kankara da suka ci gaba. Wani mai yankan katako da ba a san shi ba daga Meiringen a cikin Bernese Oberland ya ba da shawarar irin wannan ra'ayi a cikin tattaunawa tare da masanin ilimin ƙasa na Switzerland-Jamus Jean de Charpentier (1786-1855) a cikin 1834.  An kuma san kwatankwacin bayani daga Val de Ferret a cikin Valais da Seeland a yammacin Switzerland  da kuma aikin kimiyya na Goethe.  Ana iya samun irin wannan bayani a wasu sassan duniya. Lokacin da masanin halitta na Bavaria Ernst von Bibra (1806-1878) ya ziyarci Andes na Chile a cikin 1849-1850, 'yan asalin sun danganta burbushin burbushin halittu ga tsohon aikin kankara.

## Tabbacin
Akwai manyan nau'ikan shaidu guda uku game da shekarun kankara: ilimin ƙasa, sinadarai, da paleontological.

Shaidar ilimin ƙasa don shekarun kankara ta zo a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban, gami da tsaftace dutse da ƙuƙwalwa, glacial moraines, drumlins, yanke kwari, da kuma ajiye harsashi ko tillites da glacial erratics. Gishiri na gaba yana karkatar da kuma share shaidar ilimin ƙasa don glaciations na baya, yana mai da wuya a fassara. Bugu da ƙari, wannan shaidar tana da wuyar kwanan wata daidai; ra'ayoyin farko sun ɗauka cewa glacials ba su da tsawo idan aka kwatanta da dogon interglacials. Zuwan sediment da kankara ya bayyana halin da ake ciki na gaskiya: glacials suna da tsawo, interglacials takaice. Ya ɗauki ɗan lokaci don a yi amfani da ka'idar yanzu.

## Manazarta
Jerin koguna na Assam

Wadannan sune  jerin koguna  na Assam, Indiya.

## Babban

* Kogin Brahmaputra
* Kogin Baraki

## Sauran

* Kogin Aie
* Kogin Balsiri
* Kogin Baralia
* Kogin Borgang
* Kogin Barnadi
* Kogin Baroi
* Kogin Bhogdoi
* Kogin Beki
* Kogin Champabati
* Kogin Debang
* Kogin Desang
* Dhansiri
* Kogin Digaru
* Kogin Dihing (ko Buridihing)  
* Kogin Dikhow
* Doyang
* Kogin Dudhnoi
* Kogin Gabharu
* Kogin Gaurang
* Kogin Gadadhar
* Kogin Jatinga
* Kogin Jhanji
* Kogin Jiadhal
* Kogin Jinari
* Kogin Jiri
* Kogin Kameng (wanda ake kira Jiabhorali)  
* Kogin Katakhal
* Kogin Kolong
* Kogin Kopili
* Kogin Krishnai
* Kogin Kulsi
* Kogin Kushiyara
* Kogin Lohit
* Kogin Manas
* Kogin Mora Dhansiri
* Kogin Nanoi
* Kogin Noa Dehing
* Kogin Noa-Nadi
* Kogin Nona
* Kogin Pagladiya
* Kogin Puthimari
* Kogin Ranganadi
* Kogin Sankosh
* Kogin Saralbhanga
* Kogin Siang
* Kogin Subansiri
* Kogin Tipkai
* Kogin Tuni
* Kogin Diju
'Yan gwagwarmaya na Albania

Jam'iyyar Fascist ta Albaniya (Albaniya: Partia Fashiste Shqiptare, ko PFSh) kungiya ce ta 'yan fasikanci da ke aiki a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu wanda ke rike da madafun iko a Albaniya daga 1939, lokacin da Italiya ta mamaye kasar, har zuwa 1943, lokacin da Italiya ta mamaye ga kawance. Bayan haka, Albaniya ta fada karkashin mulkin Jamus, kuma PFSh ta maye gurbin Balli Kombëtar
## Tarihi

### Kafawa
A ranar 25 ga Maris 1939, mai mulkin kama-karya na Italiya Benito Mussolini ya ba Sarki Albanian Zog I ultimatum yana buƙatar ya yarda mai kariya ta soja ta Italiya a kan Albania.  Zog ya ki, kuma Italiyanci sun mamayewa a ranar 7 ga Afrilu kuma sun tsige shi. Zog ya tsere daga kasar. Italiyanci sun sake kafa jihar Albania a matsayin mai kare Masarautar Italiya.

A ranar 11 ga Afrilu, Ministan Harkokin Waje na Italiya Galeazzo Ciano ya shirya wa wani rukuni na sanannun Albanian don "neman" kafa Jam'iyyar Fascist ta Albania (Albanian: Partia Fashiste e Shqipërisë, ko PFSh). A ranar 23 ga Afrilu, Achille Starace, Italian_Fascist_parties#National_Fascist_Party" id="mwNw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="List of secretaries of Italian Fascist parties">Sakatare Jam'iyyar Fascist ta Kasa (Italiyanci: Partito Nazionale Fascista, ko PNF), tare da jiragen yaki biyu na *Regia Marina*, sun isa Albania don sanar da kafa PFSh, wanda aka kafa a ranar 2 ga Yuni. Koyaya, ba ta karɓi kundin tsarin mulkinta ba har sai 6 ga Yuni, kuma ba a gabatar da ita tare da gudanarwa da majalisa ta tsakiya ba har sai Maris 1940. 

### Mulkin Italiya
PFSh ta kafa dokoki da suka hana Yahudawa na Albania shiga, kuma sun cire su daga sana'o'i kamar ilimi. Ya ƙunshi kabilun Albanians da Masu mulkin mallaka na Italiya a Albania,  jam'iyyar ta wanzu a matsayin reshe na PNF, kuma ana buƙatar membobin su rantse da rantsuwa da aminci ga Mussolini.  Dukkanin 'yan Albania da ke aiki da masu mamaye Italiya ana buƙatar su shiga, kuma ta zama jam'iyyar siyasa ta doka kawai a kasar.
## Manazarta
Manya Kawai

**Manya Kawai** ko bambance-bambance suna nufin:manyan kawai

## Bayanan abubuwan nishaɗi
Yawancin ƙididdigar abubuwan da ke cikin shekaru suna nuna abubuwan da aka ɗauka sun dace ne kawai ga manya, kuma galibi ana gano su ko kuma an bayyana su a matsayin "Manya kawai":

* Manya Kawai (AO); wanda aka sanya wa wasannin bidiyo ta Hukumar Rating Software (ESRB) Jerin wasannin bidiyo na AO-rated; jerin wasannin da aka ba da "Manya kawai 18+" ta ESRB
** Jerin wasannin bidiyo na AO-rated; jerin wasannin da aka ba da "Manya kawai 18+" rating ta ESRB
* NC-17 - Manya Kawai; wanda aka sanya shi a fina-finai ta hanyar Motion Picture Association of America film rating system (MPAA) Jerin fina-fallafen NC-17; jerin fina-falan da MPAA ta tsara NC-17.
** Jerin fina-finai da aka kiyasta NC-17; jerin fina-fakkaatan da aka kiyanta NC-17 ta MPAA
* 18 rating (da yawa bambance-bambance), wani na yau da kullun "manyan kawai" rating amfani da rarrabuwa kungiyoyi
* R18 (disambiguation)  (nau'o'i da yawa), ƙididdigar "mata kawai" da kungiyoyi masu rarrabawa da yawa suka yi amfani da ita
* X rating, ƙididdigar "manyan kawai" da aka yi amfani da ita ta ƙungiyoyin rarrabawa

## Kafofin watsa labarai na gani da na sauti

### Fim din

* *Manya Kawai* (fim), farawa a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Venice na 63Bikin Fim na Kasa da Kasa na Venice na 63

### Albums

* *Manya Kawai*, kundin da Peter Rauhofer da Club 69 suka yi 1994
* *Manya Kawai*, kundin Mungo Jerry
* Manya kawai: Kundin Ƙarshe, Aaron Hall (mawaki) 2005
* *Manya Kawai*, Mike Botts (2000) 
* *Manya Kawai*, Ringo Sheena
* *Ga Manya Kawai*, kundin Bill Cosby
* Pearl Bailey Sings For Adults Only, kundin Pearl Bailey (1959) 

### Waƙoƙi

* "Adults Only", waƙar Slick Rick a cikin kundin The Art of Storytelling*Fasahar Bayyana Labari*
* "Ga Manya Kawai", The Compositions Of Al Cohn 1953
* "Adults Only", waƙar Manfred Mann daga Soft VengeanceRamuwar gayya mai laushi
Mary Ann Weathers

**Mary Ann Weathers**, wanda aka fi sani da **Maryanne Weathers**,  ta rubuta makala "Hujjar 'Yancin Mata Bakar fata a matsayin Rundunar Juyin Juya Hali," "daya daga cikin matani na farko" na Black Feminism .  A cikinsa ta "kalubalanci kungiyar 'yantar da bakar fata ta rungumi 'yancin mata wanda take fatan zai dace da bukatun dukkan mutanen da ake zalunta."  Ta bayyana hanyoyin da inganta yanayin mata zai taimaka wa kowa: idan bas sun kasance mafi aminci ga mata su hau, ba tare da tsangwama ba, misali, maza da yara za su kasance mafi aminci. Hakazalika, ingantacciyar aikin yi, da ware makarantu, da inganta wuraren jama’a, duk sun kasance misalan muradin mata da za su amfanar da kowa a cikin al’umma, ba wai a halin yanzu ba, har ma da na gaba. Weathers sun ki amincewa da ra'ayin cewa "'yantar da mata baƙar fata shine [...] antimale; duk wani irin wannan ra'ayi ko fassarar irin wannan ba za a iya jurewa ba. Dole ne a ɗauka a fili ga abin da yake-pro-manal ga dukan mutane." 

An buga rubutun a cikin Cell 16 's *No Fun and Games: A Journal of Female Liberation* in 1969  da kuma a cikin Leslie Tanner's 1970 *Voices for Female Liberation*, wanda aka yada a tsakanin ƙungiyoyi masu tayar da hankali a Birnin New York a cikin 1970s,  da kuma a cikin wasu shekarun da suka biyo baya.

Weathers ya kasance memba na Kwamitin Gudanar da Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Mata na Ƙwararrun Mata.  Ta kasance memba na 'Yancin Matan Boston. 

## Manazarta
Ƙananan Dutsen Yankin Yankin Yamma

Little Ice Age volcanism yana nufin manyan ayyukan dutsen wuta a lokacin Little Ice Age . Masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar cewa dutsen wuta shine babban ƙarfin motsawar sanyaya na duniya tsakanin sauran abubuwan halitta, watau ayyukan sunspot ta hanyar tilasta orbital da iskar gas. The Past Global Change (PAGES), ƙungiyar paleo-science mai rijista don bincike na kimiyya da sadarwar kan canje-canjen duniya da suka gabata a Jami'ar Bern, Switzerland, sun ba da shawarar cewa daga 1630 zuwa 1850, an sami jimlar manyan fashewa 16 da abubuwan sanyaya. Lokacin da dutsen mai fitattun wuta ya fashe, toka ya fashe daga cikin iska tare da magma kuma ya zama girgije a cikin yanayi. Yankin yana aiki ne a matsayin Layer mai warewa wanda ke toshe wani rabo na hasken rana, yana haifar da sanyaya duniya. Sakamakon sanyaya na duniya yana tasiri ga raƙuman teku, yaduwar yanayi kuma yana haifar da tasirin zamantakewa kamar fari da yunwa. Saboda haka yaƙe-yaƙe da tawaye sun tashi a duk duniya a cikin Little Ice Age. An ba da shawarar cewa rikicin da ya faru a Daular Ottoman  da Ming-Qing Transition  a kasar Sin misalai ne na musamman waɗanda ke da alaƙa da Little Ice Age.

## Volcanism a lokacin Little Ice Age

### Manyan lokutan sanyaya guda uku
Babban lokutan sanyaya guda uku da suka haifar da fashewar dutse a cikin 1641-1642, 1667-1694 da 1809-1831 bi da bi. Har ila yau, wasu manyan fashewar dutsen wuta sun haifar da faduwar zafin jiki. A lokacin Little Ice Age, duk manyan fashewar dutsen wuta sun kasance stratovolcano, wanda aka fi sani da hadaddun dutsen wuta. An gina su ne ta hanyar tserewa daga magma ta hanyar hanyoyi daban-daban a cikin dubban shekaru, an tara su cikin yadudduka. Babban adadin sulfate da toka na dutsen wuta sun tsere daga dutsen mai fitattun wuta, wanda ya haifar da raguwar zafin jiki.

### Sauran manyan fashewar dutse

* Long Island, New Guinea (1660) 
* Usu, Japan (1663) 
* Dutsen Fuji, Japan (1707) 
* Shikotsu (Tarumae), Japan (1739) 
* St Helens, Washington, Amurka (1800) 

Dukan fashewar dutsen wuta suna da ƙididdigar fashewar wuta (VEI) na 5 ko sama. Yana nufin cewa yawan iskar gas da aerosols da aka fitar sun fi 1 km3 kuma tsawo na fashewa ya fi 25 km.&nbsp;&nbsp;

## Manazarta
Ponsie Barclay Hillman

**Ponsie Barclay Hillman** (1918–2008)  ta kasance majagaba a cikin yancin ɗan adam, ƙungiyoyin mata da ƙwadago. Manufar rayuwarta ita ce ta gina haɗin gwiwa don yakar zalunci da ta gani a cikin al'umma. Ta kasance memba mai girman kai na ƙungiyoyin al'umma da yawa a cikin birnin New York, tushen gidanta sama da shekaru 45. A matsayin memba na NAACP na rayuwa; ta ci gaba da aiki a reshen Mid-Manhattan da New York da kuma a matakin jiha da na kasa, ta yi imani da ci gaban al'ummar Afirka-Amurka. A lokacin rani na 1963, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin malamai 53 da suka jagoranci Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Makarantun Malamai ta Amirka, a gundumar Prince Edward, Virginia don raba makarantun gwamnati.

Koyaushe mai kishin al'umma ce mai himma, ta kuma yi maraba da surar Alumnae ta Arewa Manhattan, Delta Sigma Theta, Inc., da Tarayyar Malamai . Ƙaunar Hillman ga Harlem ta fito fili ta aikinta tare da Deltas, baƙar fata na tarihi. Ta kafa kwamitin ilimi na farko kuma ta zama shugabar kwamitin. Shekaru da yawa, a ranar Asabar, Hillman ya ba da jagoranci ga 'yan mata, yana ɗaukar su don duba abubuwan nuni a Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Liberty da sauran al'amuran al'adu a New Jersey da New York City. 

Baya ga aikinta na malami, farfesan lissafi na kwaleji, kuma mataimakiyar ma'ajin kungiyar malamai ta United Federation of Teachers, ta kasance mai saka hannun jari a Wall Street.

A ranar 17 ga Satumba, 2017, kusurwar arewa maso yammacin Columbus Avenue da West 71st an sake masa suna "Mrs. Ponsie B. Hillman Way". A wajen sanya mata suna a titi, an karanta wata sanarwa daga Barack Obama game da Hillman: "Muna tsaye a kan kafadun 'yan kato da gora wadanda suka taimaka wajen samar da cikakkiyar gamayya. Maza da mata ne suka kirkiri gadon mu da suka shirya, tayar da hankali da kuma neman sauyi, wadanda suka yi yaki don gina kasar da babu wani dan kasa mai daraja ta biyu, kuma ba a hana kowa hakkinsa."

## Manazarta
Kawango Agot

**Kawango Agot** (ya mutu a ranar 17 ga watan Agusta, 2024)  ya kasance mai binciken kiwon lafiyar jama'a na Kenya kuma masanin cututtukan cututtuka. Binciken Agot ya mayar da hankali kan cutar kanjamau, yaduwar cutar kanjamao, da kaciya ta namiji. Ta kasance mai kula da aikin hadin gwiwa tsakanin jami'arta da jami'o'in Illinois da Manitoba (UNIM), tana kimanta tasirin kaciya ta maza tsakanin HIV a cikin samari.
 

**Kawango Agot** (ta mutu a ranar 17 ga watan Agusta, 2024)  ta kasance dan kenya mai binciken kiwon lafiyar jama'a na kuma masanin yaduwan cututtuka ne. Binciken Agot ya mayar da hankali kan cutar kanjamau, yaduwar cutar kanjamao, da kuma kaciyar maza. Ta kasance mai kula da aikin hadin gwiwa tsakanin jami'arta da jami'o'in Illinois da Manitoba (UNIM), tana kimanta tasirin kaciyar maza tsakanin HIV a cikin samari.

Ta kasance kwararriyar masaniyar cutar kanjamau.

Masanin Fulbright, ta sami digiri na farko daga Jami'ar Nairobi, digiri na biyu a Philosophy daga Jami'an Moi, da digirgir da MPH a Jami'ar Washington . 

## Farkon rayuwa da ilimi
Ta sami ilimin farko a Kenya. Ta sami digiri na farko a fannnin ilimi daga Jami'ar Nairobi kuma ta ci gaba gaba har ta samu digiri na biyu na Falsafan cikin Abinci na Dan Adam daga Jami'an Moi . Ayyukanta a Jami'ar Moi sun haɗa da bincike kan batutuwan abinci mai gina jiki da ilmin cutar kanjamau.

Kawongo Agot ta ci gaba da horon tsakanin kasa da kasa ta hanyar shiga Jami'ar Washington, Seattle inda ta sami digiri na biyu a Public Health da Doctor of Philosophy a Epidemiology a lokaci guda. Ayyukanta na digiri sun kasance tushe ga jagorancinta daga baya a cikin bincike da shirye-shiryen rigakafin cutar kanjamau a duk faɗin Kenya.

## Sana'a
Ayyukanta a cikin binciken rigakafin cutar kanjamau ya fara ne a farkon shekarun 2000 tare da gwajin barkatai na kaciyar maza don rigakafin HIV. Wannan gwajin ya nuna raguwar kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau tsakanin maza da aka yi wa kaciya kuma ya rinjayi manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a na duniya a lokacin.

## Nasarorin da ta samu
Ta kasance memba na Ƙungiyar AIDS ta Duniya kuma an san ta da rawar da ta taka wajen gudanar da bincike da aiwatar da manufofi a cikin shirye-shiryen HIV. Ayyukanta sun ba da gudummawa wajen fahimtar da duniya game da rigakafin cutar kanjamau a cikin yanayin da babu wadata kuma ya taimaka wa dabarun cutar kanjamau a Kenya.

## Mutuwa
Kawango Agot ta mutu a ranar 17 ga watan Agusta, 2024 bayan a thalarci taron kwana biyu a Zambia.

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Kawango Agot, Fulbright New Century Scholars Program.
Ƙananan Shekarar Ice

Little Ice Age (**LIA**) wani lokaci ne na sanyaya yanki, musamman a yankin Arewacin Atlantic. Ba zamanin kankara na gaskiya ba ne na duniya. François E. Matthes ne ya gabatar da kalmar a cikin wallafe-wallafen kimiyya a cikin 1939. An bayyana lokacin ne a al'ada kamar yadda ya kai daga ƙarni na 16 zuwa 19,    amma wasu masana sun fi son wani madadin lokaci daga kimanin 1300  zuwa kimanin 1850.    [5]

NASA Earth Observatory ya lura da lokuta uku na sanyi. Ɗaya ya fara ne game da 1650, wani game da 1770, kuma na ƙarshe a cikin 1850, dukansu an raba su da ɗan gajeren zafi. Rahoton Bincike na Uku na Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ya yi la'akari da cewa lokacin da yankunan da LIA ta shafa sun ba da shawarar sauye-sauyen yanayi na yanki masu zaman kansu, maimakon karuwar kankara a duniya. A mafi yawancin, akwai sanyaya mai sauƙi na Arewacin Hemisphere a lokacin.

An gabatar da dalilai da yawa: ƙarancin cyclical a cikin hasken rana, haɓakar aikin dutsen wuta, canje-canje a cikin yaduwar teku, bambance-bambance a cikin yanayin duniya da kuma karkatawar axial (tilastawar orbital), bambancin yanayi na duniya, da raguwa a cikin yawan mutane (kamar daga kisan kiyashi na Genghis Khan, Black Death da annoba da ke fitowa a Amurka a kan tuntuɓar Turai ).

## Yankunan da ke ciki
Kwamitin Intergovernmental kan Rahoton Bincike na Uku na Canjin Yanayi (TAR) na 2001 ya bayyana yankunan da abin ya shafa:

## Yin soyayya

Babu wata yarjejeniya game da lokacin da Little Ice Age ya fara,   amma jerin abubuwan da suka faru kafin a san mafi ƙarancin yanayi sau da yawa ana ambaton su. A cikin karni na 13, kankara ya fara ci gaba zuwa kudu a Arewacin Atlantic, kamar yadda kankara a Greenland suka yi. Shaidar da aka bayar ta nuna fadada kankara kusan a duk duniya. Dangane da kwanan wata na radiocarbon na kimanin samfurori 150 na kayan shuke-shuke da suka mutu tare da tushen da aka tattara daga ƙarƙashin kankara a Tsibirin Baffin da Iceland, Miller et al. (2012)  sun bayyana cewa lokacin sanyi da ci gaban kankara sun fara kwatsam tsakanin 1275 da 1300, sannan "mai karfi sosai" daga 1430 zuwa 1455.

Sabanin haka, sake fasalin yanayi wanda ya danganci tsawon glacial  bai nuna babban bambanci daga 1600 zuwa 1850 ba amma koma baya mai karfi daga baya.

## Manazarta
Filin wasa na White Eagle Municipal

**Filin wasa na White Eagle Municipal** ( Polish   ) filin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne a Legnica, Poland, wanda ke cikin Park Park tare da White Eagle Avenue. Wanda ya mallaki wurin shine birni, kuma filin wasan yana kula da Cibiyar Wasanni da Nishaɗi ta Legnica. 

Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Miedź Legnica ce ke amfani da filin wasan. An gyara shi tsakanin 2005 zuwa 2009.  Filin wasan na iya ɗaukar 'yan kallo 6,156. A cikin ƙarin matakai na zamani, tsare-tsaren sun haɗa da gina hasken wuta (matsayi hudu),  cika kusurwoyi na filin wasa don rufe tsarin, shigar da filin zafi, cika filin wasa, da aiwatar da tsarin kula da filin wasa na lantarki (katunan shigarwa na lantarki, da dai sauransu). An shirya kammala aikin a tsakanin 2009 da 2011. A cikin 2011, an kammala filayen horarwa a kusa da filin wasa (ciki har da filayen kwallon kafa guda biyu, kowane 105 mx 68 m, daya tare da saman wucin gadi, wasan motsa jiki, haske, kuma yana tsaye ga masu kallo kusan 200).

## Abubuwan da aka gudanar a filin wasa

* Daga shekara ta 1999 zuwa 2005 da kuma a shekara ta 2010, filin wasan yana gudanar da taron gunduma na shekara-shekara na Shaidun Jehobah . 
* Daga 9-12 ga Satumba, 2010, filin wasa ya karbi bakuncin gasar manyan maharba ta Poland karo na 74. 
* Daga Agusta 22-28, 2011, filin wasa (da filayen da ke kusa) ya karbi bakuncin Gasar Junior Archery World Championship.

## Manazarta
Emma Guffey Miller

**Emma Guffey Miller** (Yuli 6, 1874 Fabrairu 23, 1970) ɗan gwagwarmayar mata ne na Amurka kuma jami'in jam'iyyar Democrat na dogon lokaci. Ta kasance babbar mai ba da goyon baya ga Daidaita Haƙƙin Mata. 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Miller Mary Emma Guffey a ranar 6 ga Yuli, 1874, a tashar Guffey, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, ga John Guffey (dan kasuwa wanda ya yi aiki a man fetur, gas, da kwal) da Barbaretta (Hough) Guffey. Tana da ɗan'uwa ɗaya, Joseph Guffey, wanda ya zama ɗan majalisar dattawan Amurka.  Miller ya halarci Kwalejin Bryn Mawr, ta kammala karatunsa a 1899.  Ta koyar da shekaru uku kafin ta sadu da Carroll Miller a tafiya zuwa Japan, inda a lokacin yana aiki.  Carroll Miller yayi aiki a matsayin injiniyan injiniya, zartarwa na kasuwanci, da jami'in gwamnati. Sun yi aure a ranar 28 ga Oktoba, 1902, kuma suka ci gaba da zama a Japan na tsawon shekaru biyar, wani ɓangare na lokacin ta koyar.  Suna da 'ya'ya hudu: William Gardner III (an haife shi 1905), tagwaye John da Carroll, Jr. (an haifi 1908), da Joseph (an haife shi 1912). 

## Rayuwar jama'a
Miller ya kasance mai goyon bayan gwagwarmayar mata kuma a cikin 1920s yana ɗaya daga cikin masu shiryawa waɗanda suka haɗa ƙungiyoyin mata na Demokraɗiyya zuwa Ƙungiyar Matan Dimokuradiyya ta Pennsylvania.  Daga 1921 zuwa 1925 ta kasance memba a hukumar Pennsylvania ta League of Women Voters, amma mai kwazo na Democrat, ta yi murabus saboda dagewar da kungiyar ta yi akan rashin nuna banbanci.  Har ila yau, ta goyi bayan soke haramcin da kuma shugabannin Amurka Franklin D. Roosevelt da Harry S. Truman . 

Miller ta kasance wakili a kowane babban taron jam'iyyar Demokradiyar da ya fara a 1924, lokacin da ta zama mace ta farko da ta samu kuri'u don zaben shugaban kasa, har zuwa mutuwarta fiye da rabin karni.  Har ila yau, ta zama memba na Kwamitin Kasa na Democratic a 1930. 

## Shiga Jam'iyyar Mata ta Kasa
Miller ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Mata ta Kasa kuma ya zama kujera a cikin 1960.  A cikin wannan matsayi ta yi aiki don Daidaita Daidaita Daidaita (ERA) ga Tsarin Mulki, yana mai dagewa cewa zaɓen ya kasance kawai rabin ma'auni kuma ya kasa sanya mata daidai da maza a cikin harkokin kasuwanci. Ta ce: "Mun fita daga ajin wawa, amma har yanzu a ajin yara."  A cikin 1938, ta ba da shaida a gaban Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dattijai don goyon bayan ERA da Sanata Burke ya gabatar kuma a cikin 1943 ta shawo kan Jam'iyyar Democrat ta shigar da ERA a cikin dandalin jam'iyya.  Masanin tarihi Rebecca DeWolf ya rarraba Miller a matsayin mai 'yanci wanda ya yi imani da daidaito ga mata. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Mijin Miller ya mutu a shekara ta 1949. Miller ya mutu sakamakon bugun zuciya a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, 1970, a Grove City, Pennsylvania .  Sannan yana da shekaru 95, Miller shine mafi tsufa memba na Kwamitin Kasa na Democratic .  An binne ta a makabartar Hollywood . 

## Manazarta
Dutsen Goat (Cordova)

**Dutsen Goat** yana da  taron koli a jihar Alaska ta Amurka .

## Bayani
Dutsen Goat yana cikin tsaunin Chugach,  gabas-arewa maso gabas na Cordova a kan ƙasar da Chugach National Forest ke gudanarwa. Ko da yake yana da tsayin daka, taimako na topographic yana da mahimmanci yayin da taron ya tashi 4,300&nbsp;ƙafa (1,310&nbsp;m) sama da Miles Lake a cikin ƙasa da mil uku (4.8&nbsp;km). Ana iya ganin dutsen daga babbar hanyar Kogin Copper a gadar Miles Glacier . Wani ma'aikatan binciken da ke aiki a Kogin Copper da Arewa maso Yamma sun sanya sunan dutsen a cikin 1910, kuma Hukumar Kula da Sunayen Ƙasa ta Amurka ta amince da sunan dutsen a hukumance. 

## Yanayi
Dangane da rarrabuwar yanayi na Köppen, Dutsen Goat yana cikin yankin yanayin yanayin teku na subpolar, tare da tsayi, sanyi, lokacin dusar ƙanƙara, da lokacin rani mai sanyi.  Tsarin yanayin da ke fitowa daga Tekun Alaska ana tilasta su zuwa sama ta tsaunin Chugach ( ɗaga orographic ), yana haifar da ruwan sama mai yawa. Yanayin hunturu na iya raguwa zuwa 0&nbsp;°F tare da abubuwan sanyin iska ƙasa -10&nbsp;°F. Wannan yanayin yana tallafawa Glacier Childs zuwa arewa maso yamma, Miles Glacier zuwa arewa maso gabas, da McPherson Glacier a kudu maso gabas. Watanni Mayu zuwa Yuni suna ba da mafi kyawun yanayi don kallo da hawa.

## Gallery

Fayil:Goat_Mountain_and_Million_Dollar_Bridge.jpg|alt=Aerial view of Goat Mountain, Miles Lake (left), Miles Glacier Bridge, and Copper River (right)| Duban iska na Dutsen Goat, Lake Miles (hagu), Miles Glacier Bridge, da Kogin Copper (dama)


## Manazarta
Heidi Schreck

**Heidi Schreck** (an haife shi Satumba 26, 1971)  marubucin wasan kwaikwayo ne, marubucin allo, kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo daga Wenatchee, Washington .  Wasanta *Abin da Kundin Tsarin Mulki Yake nufi da Ni*, wanda ita ma ta yi, ta kasance ƴan wasan ƙarshe na shekarar 2019 Pulitzer Prize for Drama and Tony Awards for 2019 Best Play and Best Actress in a Play. 

## Sana'a
Schreck ya halarci Jami'ar Oregon kuma bayan kammala karatunsa ya yi aiki a Siberiya, yana koyar da Ingilishi. Sannan ta kasance 'yar jarida a St. Petersburg, Rasha. Daga baya ta koma Seattle, Washington inda ta fara aiki a matsayin yar wasan kwaikwayo da marubuci. 

Wasan farko na Schreck, mai suna *Creature*, wanda aka yi a New York kuma Leigh Silverman ne ya jagoranci shi kuma New Georges ne ya samar da shi da kuma Shafi na 73.  Wasannin da ta biyo baya sun hada da *There Are No More Big Secrets* *(* wanda Kip Fagan ya jagoranta a Rattlestick Playwrights Theater ), *The Consultant* (wanda The Long Wharf ya samar), da kuma Playwons.  Schreck kuma ya rubuta sassan jerin shirye-shiryen TV *I Love Dick*, *Nurse Jackie*, da *Biliyoyin* . 

Ita ce marubuciya kuma tauraro na *Abin da Kundin Tsarin Mulki Yake nufi da Ni*, wanda aka buɗe a Broadway a ranar 31 ga Maris, 2019.  Wannan wasan kwaikwayo na ɗan littafin tarihin kansa ne, yana ba da labarin gogewar rayuwarta ta gaske wajen shiga muhawara a matsayin matashiya.  An ɗauko wasan ne a matsayin fim ɗin da Marielle Heller ta ba da umarni don yawo ta Amazon kuma an fitar da shi a lokacin zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 2020 .  Wasan ya kalubalanci fahimtar Amurka game da dabi'u da kariya kamar yadda aka tsara su a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka. Musamman, Schreck ya yi nuni da yadda takardar ta yi kadan don tabbatar da 'yanci da walwalar mata da 'yan tsiraru.

Schreck ya yi Off-Broadway a cikin, da sauransu, *Drum na Waves na Horikawa* ( HERE Arts Center, 2007)   da *Circle Mirror Canjin* (2009) da *yadda Duniya ta fara* (Ayyukan Mata, 2011)  a Horizons Playwrights . 

Schreck ya auri darekta Kip Fagan.  , suna zaune a Park Slope, Brooklyn .  Suna da 'ya'ya biyu.

## Girmamawa da kyaututtuka
Ta lashe lambar yabo ta Obie na 2008 don Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na *Drum na Waves na Horikawa* .  Ta lashe lambar yabo ta Obie na 2010 don ƙwararrun ƙwararru ta wata 'yar wasan kwaikwayo don *Canjin Mirror Circle* .  Schreck da simintin *gyare-gyare na Circle Mirror* sun sami lambar yabo ta 2010 Drama Desk Award, Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararru. 

## Taimako don Gyaran Haƙƙin Daidaitawa

Schreck mai ba da shawara ne don Gyara Haƙƙin Daidaita (ERA).  A ranar 25 ga Afrilu, 2024 ta yi magana a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar pro-ERA tare da Gloria Steinem da Carol Jenkins bayan wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗan Suffs . 

## Manazarta
Babcock Peak

**Babcock Peak** babban koli ne  a La Plata County, Colorado .

## Bayani
Babcock Peak yana da  arewa maso yamma na al'ummar Durango akan filin dajin San Juan National Forest . Yana matsayi a matsayin babban koli na huɗu mafi girma na tsaunin La Plata waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin tsaunukan Rocky .  Ruwan hazo daga gangaren yammacin dutsen zuwa kogin Mancos da gangaren kudu maso gabas zuwa kogin La Plata . Taimakon Topographic yana da mahimmanci yayin da taron ya tashi sama da  sama da kogin a cikin  . Maƙwabta sun haɗa da Dutsen Moss  zuwa arewa da Spiller Peak  zuwa yamma.  Hukumar {asar Amirka ta kar~i sunan dutsen a hukumance a kan Sunayen Geographic,  kuma an rubuta shi a cikin wallafe-wallafe a cikin 1900.   A ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 1962, jirgin saman T-29A na US Air Force ya buga gefen Babcock Peak a cikin guguwar dusar ƙanƙara, ya kashe ma'aikatan jirgin uku. 

## Yanayi
Bisa ga tsarin rarraba yanayi na Köppen, Babcock Peak yana da yanayi mai tsayi tare da sanyi, lokacin sanyi, da sanyi zuwa lokacin zafi.  Saboda tsayinsa, yana samun hazo duk shekara, kamar dusar ƙanƙara a lokacin sanyi da kuma kamar tsawa a lokacin rani, tare da lokacin bushewa a ƙarshen bazara.

## Gallery

Fayil:La_Plata_Peaks,_San_Juan_Mountains_CO.jpg|alt=South aspects of Spiller Peak (left) and Babcock Peak(s)| Abubuwan Kudu na Spiller Peak (hagu) da Babcock Peak(s)
Fayil:La_Plata_Mountains.jpg|alt=La Plata Mountains from NNE. Left to rightː Babcock Peak, Mt. Moss, Lavender Peak, Centennial Peak, Hesperus Mountain| Dutsen La Plata daga NNE. Hagu zuwa damaː Babcock Peak, Dutsen Moss, Lavender Peak, Peak Centennial, Dutsen Hesperus


## Manazarta
Ruwa mai zurfi na Arewacin Atlantic

**Ruwa mai zurfi na Arewacin Atlantic** (**NADW**) ruwa ne mai zurfi wanda aka kafa a Tekun Atlantika ta Arewa. Yankin thermohaline (wanda aka bayyana daidai a matsayin yaduwar juyawa) na tekun duniya ya haɗa da kwararar ruwan zafi daga kudancin kudancin zuwa Arewacin Atlantic. Ruwa da ke gudana zuwa arewa ya canza ta hanyar evaporation da gauraya da sauran ruwa, wanda ke haifar da karuwar salinity. Lokacin da wannan ruwa ya kai Arewacin Atlantic, yana sanyaya kuma ya nutse ta hanyar convection, saboda raguwar zafin jiki da karuwar salinity wanda ke haifar da karuwar yawa. NADW shine fitowar wannan zurfin zurfi, wanda za'a iya gano shi ta hanyar babban salinity, babban abun ciki na oxygen, mafi ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki, babban 14/12,  da chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). 

CFCs abubuwa ne na ɗan adam waɗanda ke shiga saman teku daga musayar gas tare da yanayi. Wannan abun da ke ciki na musamman yana ba da damar gano hanyarsa yayin da yake haɗuwa da Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW), wanda hakan ya cika zurfin Tekun Indiya da wani ɓangare na Kudancin Pacific. NADW da kafa shi yana da mahimmanci ga yaduwar juyawa ta Atlantic (AMOC), wanda ke da alhakin jigilar ruwa mai yawa, zafi, gishiri, carbon, abubuwan gina jiki da sauran abubuwa daga Tropical Atlantic zuwa Mid da High Latitude Atlantic.

A cikin samfurin belin conveyor na zagayawar thermohaline na teku na duniya, nutsewar NADW tana jan ruwan Arewacin Atlantic zuwa arewa. Koyaya, wannan kusan tabbas sauƙaƙewar ainihin dangantakar da ke tsakanin kafa NADW da ƙarfin Gulf Stream / Arewacin Atlantic.

## Halitta da tushe
NADW wani nau'i ne mai rikitarwa na ruwa da yawa wanda aka kafa ta hanyar zurfin convection da cikawar ruwa a fadin Greenland-Iceland-Scotland Ridge . 

Yankin da ke sama an kafa su ne ta hanyar zurfin bude teku a lokacin hunturu. Labrador Sea Water (LSW), wanda aka kafa a cikin Labrador Ocean, na iya kaiwa zurfin 2000 m yayin da ruwa mai yawa ya nutse ƙasa. Classical Labrador Sea Water (CLSW) samarwa ya dogara da preconditioning na ruwa a cikin Labrador Tekun daga shekarar da ta gabata da kuma ƙarfin Arewacin Atlantic oscillation (NAO). 

A lokacin kyakkyawan NAO, yanayin yana nan don guguwar hunturu mai ƙarfi don bunkasa. Wadannan guguwa suna sabunta ruwa na sama, kuma iskarsu tana kara yawan kwararar cyclonic, wanda ke ba da damar ruwa mai yawa ya nutse. A sakamakon haka, zafin jiki, salinity, da yawa sun bambanta kowace shekara. A wasu shekaru waɗannan yanayin ba su wanzu ba kuma ba a kafa CLSW ba. CLSW yana da yanayin zafin jiki na 3 ° C, salinity na 34.88 psu, da kuma yawan 34.66.&nbsp;

Wani bangare na LSW shine Upper Labrador Sea Water (ULSW). ULSW siffofi a ƙananan ƙananan CLSW kuma yana da matsakaicin CFC tsakanin 1200 da 1500 m a cikin subtropical North Atlantic. Eddies na sanyi kasa saline ULSW suna da irin wannan yawa na ruwan gishiri mai zafi da gudana tare da DWBC, amma kula da manyan CFCs. ULSW eddies suna lalacewa da sauri yayin da suke haɗuwa a gefe tare da wannan ruwan gishiri mai zafi.

## Manazarta