Krystal Tsosie

**Dokta Krystal Tsosie** (Diné) masanin ilimin kwayoyin halitta ne na Navajo kuma Masanin ilimin halittu a Jami'ar Jihar Arizona kuma mai fafutuka don ikon mallakar bayanan 'yan asalin ƙasar. Har ila yau, malama ce kuma gwani ne a kan asalin kwayoyin halitta da zamantakewa. Ayyukanta na bayar da shawarwari da na ilimi wajen inganta bambance-bambance a cikin kwayoyin halitta ta hanyar bincike na al'umma  an rufe shi da kafofin labarai daban-daban na kasa, gami da *The New York Times, Nova, The Washington Post, NPR, The Atlantic, Forbes,* da The Boston Globe. 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An tilasta wa dangin Tsosie ta hanyar tattalin arziki da ƙasa daga al'ummominsu, don haka ta girma "ba-res" a Yammacin Phoenix a matsayin yarinya ɗaya kawai a makarantar ta. Mahaifiyarta ta fito ne daga Shonto, Arizona kuma mahaifinta ya fito ne daga yankin Loop a tsakiyar Arizona. Mahaifin Tsosie ya yi aiki a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Indiya ta Phoenix, babbar asibitin kiwon lafiya ta Indiya a Amurka.

Tsosie ta halarci Jami'ar Jihar Arizona (ASU) inda ta sami digiri na farko a cikin Microbiology, Master's a cikin Bioethics, da Master's in Public Health Epidemiology. Ta fara aikinta a ilmin halitta na ciwon daji, kuma ta haɓaka kuma ta ba da izini ga haɗin hotunan ultrasound da na'urar isar da magungunan chemotherapeutic don magance cututtukan cututtukani na farko a cikin ciwon daji. Koyaya, ta fahimci cewa al'ummar ƙabilarta tana da wahalar samun sabis na musamman, ta yanke shawarar canza mayar da hankali ga genomics da bambancin kiwon lafiya don inganta tasirin al'ummarta. Yayinda yake nazarin ilimin halittu, Tsosie ya fuskanci tasirin Havasupai Tribe v. Arizona Board of Regents. 

Tsosie ta kammala digirinta na PhD a cikin Genomics da Health Disparities a Jami'ar Vanderbilt a 2022  sannan ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban kasa Postdoctoral Fellow a ASU kafin ta shiga bangaren su. 

## Ayyuka da bincike
Tsosie tana jagorantar binciken da ke binciken abubuwan da suka haifar da kwayar halitta na pre-eclampsia, musamman a cikin Turtle Mountain Band na mata masu juna biyu na Chippewa kuma suna aiki tare da kwamitin binciken kabilanci. Kungiyar Tsosie tana fatan cewa nazarin abubuwan da ke tattare da muhalli da zamantakewa da al'adu za su taimaka wa waɗannan mata na asali wajen rage irin wannan ƙimar da ta dace da kabilarsu. Ta kuma mayar da hankali kan binciken Fibroids na mahaifa a cikin mata baƙi ta amfani da bayanan kwayar halitta.

Tsosie "ya ba da shawara sosai ga ikon mallakar genomic da bayanai. " kamar yadda Cibiyar Kimiyya da Injiniya ta Indiya ta Amurka ta bayyana. Masarautar bayanan 'yan asalin ƙasar ita ce haƙƙin ƙasashe don sarrafa tarin, mallaka, da aikace-aikacen nasu bayanan, sabanin hanyoyin da masu bincike ke ɗauka da amfani da bayanan' yan asalin ƙasar ba tare da izini ba kuma ba tare da la'akari da al'adun ƙasar ba. Ayyukan Tsosie a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga ikon mallakar bayanan 'yan asalin sun haɗa da taimakawa wata kabila wajen kirkirar manufofinsu na sirri na bayanai, banki, da kuma gina sararin bincike don kare bukatun kabilar.

A cikin 2018, Tsosie ta kafa Native BioData Consortium, na farko da 'yan asalin Amurka ke jagoranta.   Tana aiki tare da wasu kungiyoyi masu yawa na 'Yan asalin ƙasar da kungiyoyin kwayoyin halitta, gami da Summer Internship for Indigenous Peoples in Genomics (SING), wanda ya ƙunshi jerin bita na kasa da kasa a Aotearoa (New Zealand) , Kanada  da Amurka don gina iyawa a fannonin kwayoyin halitta da genomics tsakanin' yan asalin ƙasar. Dangane da sakamakon ayyukan bita, SING Consortium ta buga wani tsari don inganta binciken genomics na ɗabi'a tare da al'ummomin 'yan asalin ƙasar. Tsosie kuma mai shirya da kuma baiwa ne ga Indigidata, wani bita na mako-mako wanda ke gabatar da daliban da suka kammala karatun digiri na kabilanci ga kimiyyar bayanai da ƙwarewar kwamfuta.

A cikin 2022-2023, Tsosie ya kasance Shugaban Duniya na ENRICH, "shekara huɗu da aka tsara don ƙirƙirar cibiyar sadarwa ta kasa da kasa ta 'yan asalin ƙasar da malamai masu haɗin gwiwa da ke aiki a cikin ikon mallakar bayanan' yan asalin ƙasar da kuma shugabanci a cikin fannoni daban-daban ciki har da doka, lafiyar jama'a, manufofi, da kimiyyar genomic. "  Wannan matsayi ya haɗa da zama na wata ɗaya a Jami'ar New York.

A cikin 2023, Tsosie ya zama mataimakin farfesa a Makarantar Kimiyya ta Rayuwa a Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Liberal kuma masanin ilimin kwayoyin halitta na farko a ASU .  A ASU, Tsosie tana jagorantar bita na nazarin paleogenomics dangane da "ƙwarewar al'umma a cikin binciken DNA wanda ya shafi kakannin 'yan asalin ƙasar".

### Yunkurin fafutuka
Tsosie ta yi magana game da gardamar gwajin kwayar halitta na Sanata Elizabeth Warren. Ta kare ikon mallakar 'yan asalin ƙasar, da kuma al'adun' yan asalin ƙasar da kuma asalin siyasa waɗanda take ji za a iya yin barazana lokacin da wadanda ba 'yan asalin ƙasa ba ke amfani da gwajin DNA a ƙoƙarin gano idan suna da alamun kwayar halitta waɗanda kamfanonin DNA na kasuwanci ke lakafta su a matsayin "' yan asalin Amurka", suna jagorantar waɗannan wadanda ba 'yar asalin ƙasar ba su bayyana kansu a matsayin' yan asalin ƙasa. Ta lura cewa waɗannan kamfanoni galibi suna nuna waɗannan alamomi suna nuna al'adun 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka a Amurka, lokacin da ba su da isasshen samfurori don isa wannan ƙarshe. Mafi mahimmanci, ta ci gaba, kasancewa 'yan asalin ya fi abin da za a iya ganowa a gwajin DNA. Ta rubuta cewa wadanda suka dauki wadannan gwaje-gwaje kuma suka yi iƙirarin kasancewa cikin takamaiman kabilun ba su fahimci cewa babu gwajin DNA da zai iya nuna kabilanci ba, kuma yin waɗannan da'awar ba ya girmama dokokin kabilun game da matsayin ɗan ƙasa - wanda al'adu da dangantakar iyali suka bayyana a cikin al'umma mai rai.

A cikin wani sakon Twitter da Mashable ta buga, Krystal Tsosie ya bayyana, "don ba da duk wani iko ga sakamakon gwajin DNA yana hana waɗancan 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka waɗanda ke rayuwa bisa ga al'adunsu. Asalin' yan asalin ƙasar Amirka ba na ilmin halitta ba ne, amma na al'ada. Kuma, mafi mahimmanci, " 'yan asalin Amurka" alama ce ta siyasa da ke ba da haƙƙoƙi. Idan wannan ƙaddamarwa ta zama da alaƙa da gwajin DNA, zai iya yin barazana ga waɗannan haƙƙoƙin.

Tsosie kuma tana ba da shawara ga "decolonization na DNA"  da kuma amincewa da cewa abubuwa daban-daban na zamantakewa, al'adu, da mulkin mallaka suna tasiri ga lafiya kuma suna da alaƙa da kwayoyin halitta.

## Bayanan da aka ambata