Verónica I na Matamba

**Verónica Guterres Kangala Kingwanda** (*Cangala Quinguanda* a cikin rubutun zamani; ta mutu a shekara ta 1721) ita ce mai mulkin masarautar haɗin gwiwa ta Ndongo da Matamba daga shekarar 1681 zuwa 1721.

## Tarihi
Verónica ɗiya ce ga Sarki João Guterres Ngola Kanini na Masarautar Ndongo da Matamba, kuma ta kasance muhimmiyar shugabar daular Guterres da Sarauniya Njinga Mbande ta kafa.  Ta yiwu ta kasance mafi mahimmanci wajen kafa al'ada akai-akai na samun mata masu mulki a ƙasar bayan tashin hankali kuma sau da yawa suna ƙalubalantar mulkin Njinga da 'yar uwarta Barbara a tsakanin shekarun 1624 da 1666. 

Babu wani takaddun zamani da ya ba da wata alamar shekarunta. Wataƙila an yi mata baftisma tare da sauran manyan Ndongo-Matamba a lokacin aikin mishan a Matamba bayan kafa aikin Capuchin a shekara ta 1656. Ta bayyana a koyaushe tana ɗaukar kanta a matsayin Kirista.

## Mulki
Verónica ta hau ƙaragar mulki bayan yakin Portugal da Matamba suka yi a shekara ta 1681 inda aka kashe magabatanta da ɗan uwanta a yakin Katole. Ko da yake an kashe ɗan uwanta a wannan harin, amma sojojin Matamba sun yi nasara a yakin, kuma Portuguese sun janye sojojinsu. Duk da haka, Sarauniya Verónica ta yanke shawarar magance zaman lafiya, ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar da Portugal a shekarar 1683. Wannan yarjejeniya ta zaman lafiya za ta tafiyar da dangantakar da ke tsakanin Portugal da Matamba na dogon lokaci mai zuwa, amma, a gaskiya ma, ba a cika samun kowane mahalarta ba.

### Ci gaba da tashin hankali
A cikin shekarar 1689 ta kai hari ga Portuguese a Cahenda a cikin "Dembos" yankin zuwa yammacinta, yankin da aka yi jayayya tsakanin Ndongo, Kongo, da Portugal. Ta kosa ta sake kafa da'awar Matamba akan yankin Dembos da ke gabas da Matamba kai tsaye, kuma a cikin shekarar 1688-89 sojojinta suka koma yankin suka yi barazana ga matsayin Portugal a kusa da Ambaca, garinsu mai kagara wanda ke da alamar  yammacin mulkin mallaka na Angola. Portuguese sun shiga tsakani, kuma sun yi watsi da tasirin yakin.

A cikin kusan shekarar 1701, Luca da Caltanisetta, shugaban ofishin Capuchin a Angola ya rubuta mata yana neman sake kafa aikin da ya ɓace, kuma "ta mayar da mutanen zuwa ɗakin ajiyar Cocin Mai Tsarki." Verónica, wacce ƙasarta ba ta “faɗi gaba ɗaya cikin arna ba” ta rubuta wasiƙa ta ibada da ta nuna damuwarta cewa “ya yi mata zafi ganin yadda ’ya’yanta suka mutu ba tare da yi musu baftisma ba” amma ta “ji haushin turawa,” kuma ba za ta “ganin kowa a cikin kotuna tare da masu wa’azi a ƙasashen waje ba.” 

Ta sake neman faɗaɗa mulkin zuwa yankunan Portuguese a cikin shekarar 1706, kuma wataƙila saboda wannan dalili ne ta sami jakadu a kotun Sarki Pedro IV na Kongo a waccan shekarar. Amma yunkurinta na yin hakan ya ci tura, saboda sojojin Portugal sun yi karfi sosai kuma ta yi watsi da yunkurin. Duk da haka, wani yanayi na rashin daidaituwa tsakanin sojojinta da Portuguese a Ambaca da Cahenda ya haifar da raguwar yawan jama'ar ƙasar zuwa yammacin Matamba, yayin da mutanen ko dai suka gudu ko kuma aka kama su kuma aka tura su zuwa Amurka. Waɗanda Portuguese suka kama sun kasance ana aika su zuwa Brazil, waɗanda Verónica suka kama ana sayar da su ga 'yan kasuwa na Vili, wanda ke cikin masarautar Loango zuwa arewa, kuma daga baya an sayar da su ga 'yan kasuwa na Ingilishi, Dutch, ko Faransanci waɗanda suka ziyarci wannan bakin teku.

Verónica ta ci gaba da yunƙurinta na faɗaɗa ikon Matamba akan yankunan da ta yi iƙirari a farkon ƙarni na sha bakwai. Ta mutu a shekarar 1721 kuma ɗanta, Afonso I ya gaje ta.

## Bayanan kula

* Fernando Campos, "A data da morte de D. Verónica I, Rainha de Ndongo e Matamba," *Africa* (São Paulo) 1982

## Manazarta