Catherine Obianuju Acholonu

**Catherine Obianuju Acholonu** (an haifeta a ranar 26 ga watan  Oktoba a shekara ta 1951 - ta mutu a ranar 18 ga watan  Maris a shekara ta 2014) marubuciya ce 'yar Nijeriya, mai bincike kuma mai rajin siyasa.

Ta yi aiki a matsayin Babban Mashawarciya ta Musamman (SSA) ga Shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo kan Fasaha da Al'adu, kuma ta kasance mamba ce *ta kungiyar Marubutan Najeriya  [[Association of Nigerian Authors|"Association of Nigerian Authors]]" (ANA)*.

## Kuruciya, Ilimi da aure
An haifi Catherine daga dangin kiristoci Catholica Inyamurai, mahaifanta sune Chief Lazarus Emejuru Olumba da kuma Josephine Olumba da ke rayuwa a kauyen Umuokwara, birnin Orlu. Itace babba diya acikin 'ya'ya hudu.

Ta kammala karatun ta na firamare da sakandare a makarantan "Holy Rosary School", kana daga bisani kuma akai mata aure da Brendan Douglas Acholonu wanda ya kasance likita ne dake aiki a kasar Germany a wancan lokacin.

Catherine daga bisani ta fara karantu a jami'ar  University of Düsseldorf a matsayin dalibar Turanci, daga bisani  ta karanta American literature da kuma Germanic linguistics a shekara ta (1974) inda tayi digiri dinta na biyu a shekara ta alif(1977). A cikin shekara ta alif(1982) ta kammala digirinta na uka a fannin yaren Igbo (Igbo Studies), a yayinda ta zama mace ta farko 'yar Afurka da ta fara kammala karatun Masters' da PhD a jami'ar Dusseldorf dake Germany. Ta halarci taronta na farko a Ibadan a shekara ta gaba akan "Pan Africanism", inda ta gabatar da takaddu hudu akan darasin.

## Aiki
### Malantaka
Catherine ta koyar da turanci a kwalejin Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, dake birnin Owerri tun daga shekara ta (1978) sannan ta wallafa littattafai fiye da goma sha shida.

Ta kirkiri AFA  *A journal of Creative Writing* a shekara ta(1982) wanda shine mujalla na farko dangane da adabin harsunan Afurka. A shekara ta (1986) itace kadai  'yar Najeriya kuma su biyu 'yan Afurka da suka samu halartar shirin "United Nations Expert Group Meeting on 'Women, Population and Sustainable Development: the Road to Rio, Cairo and Beijing'. Gwamnatin Amurka ta zabe ta a matsayin  Fulbright Scholar a shekara ta (1990) a bisa aikin da tayi wajen tattara bayanai akan tushen Inyamurai dangane da Olaudah Equiano, wani shahararren mai haramtawa kuma masukin cinikayyar bayi) wanda ya zamo abun darasi ga sauran kwalejoji. An kaddamar da shirin African American Studies dangane da kokarinta.

Kuma tana cikin wadanda suka samar da "Acholonu Research Center" don bin diddigin tarihin Nahiyar Afurka, wanda ya zamo bincike na farko da aka sanya wa sunan mace a Najeriya.

## Siyasa
Catherine ta fito takarar shugaban kasan Najeriya a zaben shekara ta (1992) a karkashin jam'iyyar  National Republican Convention inda daga bisani bataci nasara ba. A wannan lokaci kuma mijinta shine mataimakin gwmanan jihar Imo daga jam'iyya daya.

## Ayyuka da Karramawa
### Rubutu
Catherine tayi fice a fannin salon magana a Najeriya, daga cikin ayyukanta sun hada da  Heinemann Book of African Female Writers da dai sauransu. Ana la'akari da littafin Afro-Surrealist matuka.

#### Littafin "''Western and Indigenous Traditions in Modern Igbo Literature"''
Littafi ne da aka gyara daga binciken da tayi a yayin karatun digirin ta na uku wanda Dusseldorf University Press suka wallafa, wanda ya wanzu a jami'oin kasar Germany. Chidi T. Maduka, ya suki aikin da cewa bai da inganci sosai saboda baiyi wani gamsasshen bayani akan rubuce-rubucen Igbo ba, don haka aka soke aikin da cewa ya rasa cikakken bayanai. Har wayau, an sama karancin bayani kan malamai da kuma munanan tawaya.

#### ''The Igbo Roots of Olaudah Equiano''
Littafin ta na farko da tayi bayanin asalin harshen Igbo dangane da tarihin  Olaudah Equiano a Isseke, Ihiala. Har wayau, masana tarihi sun soki aikin sosai musamman ta fuskan salon tarihin da ta ayyana a kundin.

A wani nazarin, an soki labarin a matsayin tarihin gizo, da karerayi dangane da tarihin iyalan Equiano. A wani nazari na  Research in African Literatures, Paul Edwards  yayi watsi da aikin gaba daya inda yayi ikirarin cewa bai kai ingancin binciken karatun jami'a ba. Ode Ogede shima ya soki aikin sosai inda ya bayyana cewa wanna daya daga cikin misalan yadda ake canza asalin tarihi don cimma wani buri na daban, ba tare da wani sila na binciken ilimi ba kuma ya nemeta da tayi watsi da sabbin bayanin kan asalin Olaudah Equiano.

Christopher Fyfe yayin nazari akan International Journal of African Historical Studies, ya nuna cewa aikinta gudunmawa ne sosai akan ainihin tarihin mutanen Afurka amma duk da haka ya jawo hankali kan suka  Edward yayi wa aikin. Erving Beauregard daga jami'ar University of Dayton, ya nuna cewa aiki ne mai kayatarwa sannan ya jinjina mata akan tarihin musamman na kusan shekaru 200 da suka shude.

Duk da haka, Catherine tayi watsi da soke-soken inda ta nuna cewa kawai suka ne na adawa.

#### Littafin Motherism : The Afrocentric Alternative to Feminism
Aiki ne da ya samo asali daga binciken ta na jami'a wanda ya zamo fitaccen aiki akan nazarin jinsi a Afurka. Kuma ya jawo cigaba a fannin ilimin haihuwa a kasashen Turawa.

#### Sauran ayyuka
Abotan ta da Al Gore ne yasa har ta rubuta littafi *The Earth Unchained: A Quantum Leap in Consciousness:* don maida martani ga Al Gore akan sake binciko tarihin asalin Afurka da ya bace da kuma danganta shi wajen magance matsalolin duniya. Catherine tayi ikirarin cewa ta sama bayanai ta hanyar wahayi daga ubangiji, kuma ta kwashe tsawon kwanaki 14 tana rubutawa.

Littafin ta na *They Lived Before Adam: Pre-Historic Origins of the Igbo* ya lashe lambar yabo na "Flora Nwapa Award for Literary Excellence" da kuma "Philis Wheatley Book Award" a taron Harlem Book Fair, na shekara ta 2009.
Littafin *The Gram Code of African Adam: Stone Books and Cave Libraries, Reconstructing 450,000 Years of Africa's Lost Civilizations* wanda yayi bayani kan tsaffin duwatsun Ikom monoliths, wanda tayi ikirarin cewa yayi sanadiyar salon rubuta a zamunan Afurka na baya. Sannan kuma malamai kadan suka duba littafin ba kafin a wallafa shi.

Kuma sannan ba'a san ayyukan ba sosai a kasashen waje.

#### Ra'ayi
Catherine tana da ra'ayin zamantakewa na dawainiya da juna kuma tana adawa da ra'ayin 'yancin mata (feminism). Bata yarda da ra'ayin makarantun Alice Walker, Buchi Emecheta, Flora Nwapa da sauran makarantun da suke da ra'ayi akan 'yancin mata, tare da sukan su da bata tarbiya ta hanya halarta madugo da sauran al'adu wanda basu da alaka da ainihin al'adun matan Afurka. Ta nuna cewa tattalin arziki bane ke jawo martaba a Afurka amma ba jinsi ba. Haka zailka ra'ayinta na uwantaka "mothernism", na haihuwa da raino - na jawo hankali akan haihuwa da raino da mata ke yi, kuma yana bunkasa biyayya ga maza ba wai gaba da gaba da maza ba da sunan taimakekeniya tsakanin maza da mata ba. Wannan ra'ayi nata ya samu murtani daga kungiyar matan feminism na zamani.

Catherine ta nuna kawo addinin musulunci a matsayin mulkin mallaka, wanda ya jawo watsewar tsarukan mulkin Afurka kuma ya rage armashin rayuwa ga mata.

## Mutuwa
Catherine ta mutu a ranar( 18 ) ga watan Mayu a shekara ta (2014) daga cutar koda a lokacin tana da shekaru (62).

## Martaba
National Council of Women Societies (NCWS) ta lissafo ta acikin matan Najeriya da suka sama daukaka a shekara ta (2017). An zabi littattafan ta a wajen karatun makarantun sakandare da jami'oi na Najeriya, da kuma wajen nazarin al'adun Afurka a sassan jami'oin kasashen Amurka da kuma Turai.

## Bibilyo
### Wakoki
* "Going Home"
* "Spring's Last Drop"
* "Dissidents"
* "Harvest of War"
* "Other Forms of Slaughter"

;Collections
* *The Spring's Last Drop*, 1985
* *Nigeria in the Year 1999*, 1985
* *Recite and Learn – Poems for Junior Primary Schools*, 1986
* *Recite and Learn – Poems for Senior Primary Schools*, 1986

### Wasanni da Drama
* *Trial of the Beautiful Ones: a play in one act*, Owerri, Nigeria: Totan, 1985—based on the Igbo *ogbanje* myth.
* *The Deal and Who is the Head of State*, Owerri, Nigeria: Totan, 1986
* *Into the Heart of Biafra: a play in three acts*, Owerri, Nigeria: C. Acholonu, 1970

### Kasidu da kuma Labaran Gaskia
* *Western and Indigenous Traditions in Modern Igbo Literature *, 1985.
* *Motherism, The Afrocentric Alternative to Feminism*, 1995.
* *The Igbo Roots of Olaudah Equiano*, 1995, revised 2007.
* *The Earth Unchained: A Quantum Leap in Consciousness: a reply to [[Al Gore]]*, 1995
* *Africa the New Frontier – Towards a Truly Global Literary Theory for the 21st Century*. Lecture Delivered to the Association of Nigerian Authors annual Convention, 2002.
* *The Gram Code of African Adam: Stone Books and Cave Libraries, Reconstructing 450,000 Years of Africa's Lost Civilizations*, 2005
* *They Lived Before Adam: Pre-Historic Origins of the Igbo – The Never-Been-Ruled (Ndi Igbo since 1.6 million B.C.)*, 2009. Winner of the USA-based International Book Awards (2009) in the Multi-cultural non-fiction category.
* *The Lost Testament of the Ancestors of Adam: Unearthing Heliopolis/Igbo Ukwu – The Celestial City of the Gods of Egypt and India*, 2010
* *Eden in Sumer on the Niger: Archaeological, Linguistic, and Genetic Evidence of 450,000 Years of Atlantis, Eden and Sumer in West Africa*, 2014

### Littattafai da ta wallafa

* The Igbo Roots of Olaudah Equiano: An Anthropological Research Jan 1, 1989
* The Deal and Who is the Head of State
* The Spring's Last Drop
* Nigeria in the year 1999 (TOT Series)
* Into the Heart of Biafra (TOP Series)
* Trial of the Beautiful Ones

### Babin Mukalai
* (with Joyce Ann Penfield), "Linguistic Processes of Lexical Innovation in Igbo." *Anthropological Linguistics*. 22 (1980). 118–130.
* "The Role of Nigerian Dancers in Drama." *Nigeria Magazine*. 53.1 (1985). 33–39.
* "The Home of Olaudah Equiano – A Linguistic and Anthropological Research", *The Journal of Commonwealth Literature*. 22.1 (1987). 5–16.
* "L'Igbo Langue Litteraire: Le Cas du Nigeria." [Literary Igbo Language: The Case of Nigeria.] *Notre Librairie: Revue du Livre: Afrique, Caraibes, Ocean Indien*. 98 (Jul–Sept 1989). 26–30.
* "Mother was a Great Man." In *The Heinemann Book of African Women's Writing*. Ed. Charlotte H. Bruner. London: Heinemann, 1993. 7–14.
* "Motherism: The Afrocentric Alternative to Feminism." Ishmael Reed's *Konch Magazine*. (March–April 2002).
* 

## Manazarta