Protocol na Zabi game da shiga cikin yara a cikin rikici

**Protecol na zaɓi zuwa taron game da haƙƙin jariri a kan hadar da yara a cikin rikici** (OPAC), wanda aka haramta shi kamar yadda aka yi wa yaran yaran ya kasance cikin shekaru 18; 2) Tabbatar da cewa recru na sojoji ba ƙarami bane sama da 16; da kuma 3) hana daukar ma'aikata shekara 16 ko 17 daga ɗaukar sashin kai tsaye a cikin tashin hankali. Yarjejeniyar kuma ta hana kungiyoyin da ba na jihohi ba daga daukar nauyin daukar nauyin kowa a kasa da shekara 18 domin kowace manufa.

Babban taron majalisar dokokin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya amince da yarjejeniya a matsayin yarjejeniya ta babban taron a kan hakkokin yaron ta hanyar ƙuduri akan 254/263 akan 25 ga Mayu 2000. Protecol ya shiga karfi ne a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu 2002. Yarjejeniyar ta ƙunshi labaran goma sha uku.

Kamar yadda watan Janairu 2023, jihohi 173 ne zuwa ga yarjejeniya. Kullum jihohi 7 sun sanya hannu amma ba a tabbatar da shi ba.

## Baya
Yarjejeniyar a kan hakkokin yarinyar (1989) ta bayyana yaro a matsayin kowane mutum ƙarƙashin shekara 18.

Duk cikin tarihi kuma a cikin al'adu da yawa, yara sun haɗa hannu cikin kamfen ɗin soja. A yakin duniya na, a cikin manyan yaran Burtaniya 250,000 a karkashin 18 sun sami damar shiga sojojin. A yakin duniya na II II, sojojin yara sun yi yaƙi a cikin Turai, a cikin tashin hankali, A cikin sojojin Yahudawa, Kuma a Sojojin Soviet. Bayan yakin sanyi ya ƙare, yawan rikice-rikice masu dauke da makamai suna girma da kuma amfani da yara don dalilan soja da yawa a ƙarshen shekarun 1990 a duk faɗin ƙarshen 1990 a duniya.

Progress towards ending the use of children for military purposes has been slow, partly because many national armed forces have relied on children to fill their ranks. Yunkurin farko don iyakance halartar yara cikin rikici ya fara ne tare da karɓar abubuwan da aka gabatar wa 1949 Geneva na 1977 (Art. 77.2) Sabbin ladabi sun haramta daukar nauyin sojojin da suka gabata a karkashin 15 da kuma sa hannu kan sa hannu a cikin shekaru masu dauke da makamai ba su da shekaru 15 da kuma amfani da su a yaƙe-yaƙe.  Bugu da kari, ladabi ba su haramta celigerents daga amfani da yara ƙanana 15 a cikin tashin hankali lokacin da hannunsu ba "kai tsaye"; Misali, a matsayin masu scouts, masu fastoci, sanarwa, 'yan leƙen asiri,' yan leƙen asiri, da kuma a cikin wasu ayyukan tallafi.

Lokacin da aka haɗa adadin ƙa'idodi guda ɗaya a cikin taron game da haƙƙin yarinyar (CRC) a 1989, amincewa da cewa yarjejeniyar hana yara 'yaran yara na yara. Don cimma wannan, karamin rukuni na samar da kare hakkin dan Adam da juyayi ya fara kamfen na duniya don sabon yarjejeniya, wanda aka ɗauke shi a cikin hadarin yara a kan rikici na yara a cikin rikici.

## Kamfen don sabon yarjejeniya

### Tattaunawa ta farko
A 1994, shekaru biyar bayan taron game da hakkokin yaran da aka karbe shi, gwamnatocin yachta sun kalleta kasashen duniya don kafa kungiyar Kwamitin Ma'aikatan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Hukumar Harkokin Dan Adam. Manufarsa zai fara tattaunawa kan sabuwar yarjejeniya zuwa taron da zai tashe matsayi dangane da amfani da yara don dalilan soja.

Duk da yake mafi yawan jihohi sun tattauna a cikin ladabi sun kawo karshen daukar dukkan daukar daukar nauyin soja da shekara 18 (da ka'idodin, Kuwait, Kuwait, Kuwait, Kasar Kudu) da Amurka (US). A cewar Jo Becker, mai bayar da goyon baya ga hakkin Dan-Adam ya shiga cikin tattaunawar:

Gwamnatoci sun fara jerin tattaunawar shekara-shekara a Geneva, amma da 1998, tattaunawar da aka yi amfani da ita yayin da gwamnatocin da aka yi amfani da ita wajen tallafawa sabon matsayinsu na kasa.

## Manazarta