Yaƙin Abu Hamed

**Yaƙin Abu Hamed** ya faru ne a ranar 7 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1897 tsakanin wani rukuni mai tashi na sojojin Anglo-Masar karkashin Manjo-Janar Sir Archibald Hunter da kuma garuruwan 'yan tawayen Mahdi karkashin jagorancin Mohammed Zain. Yaƙin ya kasance nasara ga sojojin Anglo-Masar, kuma ya tabbatar wa Birtaniya muhimmiyar garin Abu Hamed, wanda shine ƙarshen kasuwanci da sufuri a fadin hamadar Nubian.

Abu Hamed yana da matukar muhimmanci ga Ubangiji Herbert Horatio Kitchener, shugaban yakin Anglo-Masar da ya fara a watan Maris na shekara ta 1896 tare da manufar lalata jihar Mahdist wacce ta mamaye yawancin Sudan tun lokacin da tawaye na Mahdist ya ɓarke a shekara ta 1881. Garin ya kasance hanyar jirgin kasa ga hanyar jirgin kasa ta Lord Kitchener ta hanyar hamadar Nubian mai girma da maraba, yana ba da damar dakarun balaguro su wuce babban yanki na Nilu a kan hanyarsu zuwa Omdurman, babban birnin Mahdist Sudan. Koyaya, sojojin Mahdist sun mamaye garin, kuma gina hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta hamada ba za ta iya ci gaba da aminci ba tare da cire su ba. 

Dangane da haka, Kitchener ya ba da umarnin wani shafi mai tashi, wanda Manjo-Janar Sir Archibald Hunter ya jagoranta kuma ya kunshi kusan sojoji dubu uku na Masar, don tafiya daga Merowe zuwa Abu Hamed tare da duk wani saurin da zai yiwu. Rundunar jirgin ta tashi daga Merawi a ranar 29 ga Yuli 1897, kuma, ta yi tafiya zuwa arewa maso gabas tare da Kogin Nilu na kwanaki takwas, ta isa garin yayin da asuba ta tashi a ranar 7 ga Agusta. Da yake kafa battalions dinsa a cikin wani babban rabin da'irar da ya sanya masu kare Abu Hamed a kan kogi, Manjo-Janar Hunter ya umarci dakarunsa su ci gaba da kusan shida da talatin a wannan safiya. A cikin aikin da ya biyo baya, an kori 'yan bindigar Mahdist da suka fi yawa daga matsayinsu na tsaro ta cikin garin, yayin da karamin rundunar sojan doki na Mahdist suka gudu zuwa kudu ba tare da yin rahoto game da asarar ba. Da kashi bakwai da talatin, yakin ya ƙare, kuma Manjo-Janar Hunter ya ba da umarnin a isar da labarin ga Ubangiji Kitchener.

Rundunar Manjo-Janar Hunter ta rasa mutane tamanin da aka kashe da kuma wadanda suka ji rauni, yayin da yawan wadanda suka mutu na Mahdist an kiyasta tsakanin 250 da 850. An kama kwamandan Mahdist, Mohammed Zain, a cikin fada. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan labarin nasarar ya bazu, an sake fara aiki a kan hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta hamada kuma Abu Hamed ya isa ranar 31 ga Oktoba, inda Manjo-Janar Hunter da ginshiƙansa suka kasance. Tare da kammala hanyar jirgin kasa a fadin hamadar Nubian, an tabbatar da ci gaban Kitchener gaba ɗaya a cikin tsakiyar Mahdist Sudan, kuma mafi girman batun yakin Kitchener, wadata, an warware shi.

## Asali

### Tarihi

Tawayen Mahdi ya ɓarke a shekara ta 1881 lokacin da wani shugaban addini, mai ikirarin kansa Mahdi, ya ayyana jihadi a kan Gwamnatin Masar, wanda ke ƙarƙashin karuwar ikon Birtaniya tun lokacin da aka gina Suez Canal kusan shekaru goma da suka gabata. Da yake nuna rashin jin daɗi game da tasirin Turai a Misira da kuma yin wa'azi game da sabunta bangaskiyar Islama, Mahdi ya fara tara mabiya kuma nan da nan ya gabatar da babbar barazana ga gwamnati. Kokarin farko da Masarawa ke jagoranta don murkushe motsi ya gaza sosai, kuma cin nasarar da suka samu a hannun sojojin Mahdist da ba su da yawa, da ba su ba da makamai, da kuma ba su da isasshen kayan aiki kawai sun kara sunansa da martabar shugabansu.

A lokacin da Burtaniya ta shiga tsakani kai tsaye a 1883, Mahdi ya fara cinye yawancin Sudan, a lokacin da Masar ke sarrafawa, kuma ya sami nasarori masu yawa waɗanda suka ba shi wadata mai yawa da makamai na zamani. Kanal William Hicks, wani jami'in Burtaniya, an nada shi kwamandan sojoji dubu takwas na Masar da kuma jirgin kasa mai yawa, kuma an ba shi manufa mai sauƙi na murkushe tawaye. Kanal Hicks da kusan kowane mutum a cikin sojojinsa an kashe su ne ta hanyar babbar rundunar Mahdist a Yaƙin El Obeid . Bayan wannan cin nasara, kuma yana fuskantar manyan matsalolin kudi a Misira, gwamnatin Burtaniya ta yanke shawarar kada ta ci gaba da ci gaba da kai farmaki kuma a maimakon haka ta zaɓi Janar Charles George Gordon don jagorantar kokarin kwashewa, yayin da za a janye dubban fararen hula da fam na kayan aiki daga sansanoni a duk Sudan.

Gordon, wanda ke aiki daga Khartoum, ya taimaka wajen fitar da fararen hula masu aminci da yawa waɗanda suka kasance a Sudan, amma a ƙarshe sun ki barin birnin. Sabanin umarninsa, ya riƙe ƙaramin karfi a Khartoum kuma ya yanke shawarar yin yaƙi da Mahdi kafin ya bar iko. Dangane da haka, sojojin Mahdist sun kewaye Khartoum a watan Maris na shekara ta 1884, suna ware birnin daga duniyar waje kuma suna sanya lokaci mai tsanani a kan Gordon don mika wuya. Bayan jinkiri mai yawa, gwamnatin Burtaniya ta aika da balaguron taimako a karkashin Sir Garnet Wolseley wanda zai bi Kogin Nilu zuwa Khartoum da sauri. Ginshiƙi na Wolseley ya isa a ranar 28 ga Janairun 1885, kwana biyu bayan Khartoum ya fadi kuma an ba da Janar Charles Gordon ga Mahdi.

Mahdi ya mutu kasa da watanni shida bayan haka, amma ba kafin ya kafa jihar Musulunci a Sudan kuma ya sake komawa babban birninta zuwa Omdurman ba. Wani mai mulki da aka sani da Khalifa ya gaje shi bayan gwagwarmayar iko, kuma ya hana rushewar jihar bayan mutuwar Mahdi ta hanyar rashin tausayi da ingantaccen gudanarwa.

### Tafiyar Kitchener

Gwamnatocin Burtaniya da Masar ba za su sake yin ƙoƙari su shiga tsakani ba har zuwa 1896, inda aka tilasta wa gwamnati a Burtaniya yin aiki ta hanyar dalilai da yawa. Tattalin arzikin Masar ya inganta tun lokacin da masu gudanarwa na Burtaniya suka kwace kudaden kasar. Ra'ayi na jama'a game da Mahdist Sudan ya haifar da wasu labaran da aka yi wa Mahdists da kuma sha'awar rama Janar Charles Gordon. Faransa, mai fafatawa da Burtaniya a tseren Afirka, ta fara mamaye kwarin Kogin Nilu, tare 'Yan Belgium. A ƙarshe, yana da fa'ida ta siyasa a Turai ga Burtaniya don janye hankalin Khalifa daga Italiyanci a Eritrea, wanda aka sanya shi cikin rauni ta hanyar cin nasara a hannun Menelik II, Sarkin Habasha.  Gwamnati ta zabi Herbert Horatio Kitchener don jagorantar sabon balaguron, ta ba shi kusan sojoji dubu goma da sabbin fasahar Burtaniya: bindigogi na Maxim, manyan bindigogi, da ƙananan Jiragen ruwa.

Binciken Kitchener ya fara ne a watan Maris na shekara ta 1896, ya bar Masar a baya kuma ya shiga Mahdist Sudan daga baya a wannan watan. Ginshiƙansa ya ci gaba tare da Kogin Nilu, ta amfani da kogin don sake samarwa da sadarwa, yayin da yake shimfiɗa hanya a kusa da sassan da ba za a iya tafiya ba. Koyaya, ba za a iya ci gaba da wannan hanyar ba har zuwa Omdurman. Kogin yana tafiya zuwa kudu zuwa Ed Debba kafin ya karkata sosai zuwa arewa maso gabas har zuwa Abu Hamed, inda ya sake juyawa zuwa kudu kuma ya wuce Khartoum. Sashe na kogin daga Merowe zuwa Abu Hamed an sanya shi wanda ba za a iya tafiya ba ta hanyar ci gaba da ruwa, kuma ƙasa a gefen kogin ba ta dace da layin dogo ba. Wadannan yanayi ba su sanya kusanci ba zai yiwu ba, kawai mai wahala, mai haɗari, da jinkiri. Kitchener ya nemi wata hanya, kuma ya zauna a kan wata hanyar da aka yi la'akari da ita ba za a iya yiwuwa ba: ya yanke shawarar gina hanyar jirgin kasa a fadin babbar hamadar Nubian, bushewa, da kuma cin wuta wanda zai haɗa Wadi Halfa zuwa Abu Hamed, wani karamin gari a ƙarƙashin ikon Mahdist. Firayim Ministoci a Burtaniya sun yi la'akari da hanyar jirgin kasa ba za ta yiwu ba saboda dalilai da yawa, mafi mahimmanci shine hasashen rashin maɓuɓɓugar ruwa tare da mil 120 na layin mil 230 da aka tsara. Kitchener ya yi watsi da wannan cikas da sauran, ya umarci sanannen Lieutenant Percy Girouard ya yi shiri don fara gini. Injiniyan mai iyawa ya gudanar da bincike mai zurfi game da layin da aka tsara, kuma ya gano cewa, kodayake filin tabbas yana da wahala, kuma ruwa yana da tsananin tsoro, layin yana yiwuwa. An yanke shawarar ne a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1896, kuma an fara aiki a kan hanyar jirgin kasa a hukumance a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1897. 

Duk da manyan matsalolin da ke tattare da ci gaban irin wannan hanyar jirgin kasa, an sami ci gaba mai ɗorewa, kuma a ranar 23 ga Yuli 1897 hanyar ta shimfiɗa mil 103 cikin hamada. A nan, duk da haka, an dakatar da ci gaba, saboda tsoron zuwa cikin kewayon hare-haren Mahdist daga Abu Hamed. Aikin kan hanyar jirgin kasa ba zai iya ci gaba ba har sai an dauki garin; duk yakin ya tsaya, yana jiran kammala layin don fara ci gaba gaba gaba gaba ɗaya. Hakanan, kowane jinkiri ya ba da damar da ta fi dacewa da bala'i; idan aka faɗakar da Mahdists game da shirye-shiryen Kitchener, duk aikin zai kasance cikin haɗari kuma mummunan makomar Janar Gordon zai iya maimaitawa. A watan Mayu wani aikin bincike a karkashin Kyaftin Le Gallais ya sake gano yankin da ke kewaye da Abu Hamed, yana ba da rahoton cewa an kare garin da rauni kuma kasancewar Mahdist a duk yankin yana da ƙanƙanta, kodayake sojojin Khalifa suna motsawa kwanan nan kuma babu wanda zai iya tabbatar da ƙarfafawa ba a kan hanya ba. Kitchener ya yi aiki da sauri; a ƙarshen Yuli ya sanar da babban Janar Sir Archibald Hunter cewa an zaba shi don ya jagoranci harin.

### Babban Janar Hunter's Flying Column

Shirin ya kasance ga Manjo-Janar Hunter da wani shafi mai tashi na dakarun tsere don tsere tare da duk wani saurin da zai yiwu daga Merowe arewa maso gabas zuwa Abu Hamed, inda za su ba da mamaki ga sojojin Mahdist da ba su da yawa kuma su sami iko da garin. Saurin yana da mahimmanci, domin tabbas 'yan kallo na Mahdist za su hango shafi na Hunter yayin tafiya. Idan wadannan 'yan kallo sun sami damar aikawa da kalma da karfafa garin kafin zuwan Hunter, ginshiƙansa na iya samun kansa ya fi dacewa kuma ya tilasta masa komawa baya.

Sojojin da aka zaba don aikin sun kasance daga cikin mafi kyawun sojoji a cikin sojojin Kitchener: 3rd Egyptian, 9th Sudanese, 10th Sudanese Battalions, da 11th Sudanese battalions, wadanda suka hada da brigade na Lieutenant Hector Archibald MacDonald.  Bugu da ƙari, ginshiƙi na Hunter ya haɗa da Batirin bindigogi, wanda ke dauke da Krupp guda goma sha biyu, bindigogi biyu na Maxim, da tsoffin bindigogi na Burtaniya, Gardner da Nordenfelt. A ƙarshe, an haɗa dakarun sojan doki guda ɗaya a cikin ginshiƙi tare da wadataccen raƙuma don sufuri da wadata. Ginin yana da abinci na kwanaki goma sha takwas, kuma an ba da kebul na telegraph da fatan cewa za a iya tabbatar da sadarwa ta yau da kullun yayin da ginshiƙi ya yi tafiyar kilomita 146 ta cikin hamada. Gabaɗaya, rundunar ta ƙidaya kusan sojoji 3,600.

Rundunar jirgin sama ta Manjo-Janar Hunter ta tashi daga Kassinger, wani karamin gari mai nisan kilomita a arewacin Merowe, da karfe 5:30 na yammacin 29 ga Yuli, tana tafiya ne kawai da dare don kauce wa zafi na rana da idanun kowane mai sa ido na Mahdist. Babu wata hanya ko hanya da za a bi, kuma filin da Hunter ya tashi ya yi kusan ba za a iya juyawa ba; hanyar ta sauya tsakanin karye, ƙasa mai duwatsu da yashi mai tsawo, a ƙarshe ta zama da wuya a kewayawa a cikin duhu na dare. An kara da waɗannan matsalolin shine ma'auni na saurin da aka ɗora a kan ginshiƙi, yayin da Manjo-Janar Hunter da Lieutenant MacDonald suka kori raka'a zuwa wuraren da suka karya su don hana ƙarfafawar Mahdist. Ginin ya ci gaba har zuwa tsakar dare, ya kammala tafiya sama da mil goma sha shida. Barci a rana ya zama ba zai yiwu ba saboda zafi mai zafi; kawai lokacin da aka sami isasshen inuwa a cikin hamada mara kyau ne mutanen da suka gaji na ginshiƙan jirgin Hunter za su iya hutawa.

Ci gaban ya ci gaba a wannan hanyar har sai an kai ƙauyen El Kab a ranar 4 ga watan Agusta, inda aka harbe harbi a shafi ya faɗakar da Manjo-Janar Hunter cewa an san kasancewarsa ga Mahdists. Da yake ya san cewa ƙarfafawa za su kasance a kan hanyarsu zuwa Abu Hamed, Manjo-Janar Hunter ya kara karuwar saurin ginshiƙansa, duk da mutuwar sojoji uku na 3rd Egyptian Battalion da kuma asarar mutane hamsin da takwas a wurare daban-daban a kan hanya.[1] Sojojin Hunter sun kara da juna a Kuli da abokantaka 150 na Ababdeh a ranar 5 ga watan Agusta. A daren ranar 6 ga watan Agusta, ginshiƙi ya yi tafiya na mil goma sha shida a kan ƙasa mai wahala zuwa Ginnifab, mil biyu kawai daga Abu Hamed. A nan rabin rundunar Masar ta 3 ta rabu da ginshiƙi don raka jirgin ruwa yayin da ya isa kuma ya kare makamai na ajiya. Bayan hutawa na sa'o'i biyu daga 3:20 zuwa 5:30, Manjo-Janar Hunter ya umarci mutanensa su mai da hankali kuma ya fara harin karshe

## Yaƙi
Garin Abu Hamed wata karamar cibiyar gidaje ce da kunkuntar hanyoyi a gabar kogin Nilu, kewaye da tsaunuka a bangarori uku. Hasumiyoyin tsaro guda uku na dutse suna kusa, daga nan ne masu gadin Mahdist suka hango dakarun Major-Janar Hunter suna matsawa daga arewa. Ƙarin dakarun da za su fito daga Berber ba su iso ba a kan lokaci, amma kwamandan garin, Mohammed Zain, ya ƙi guduwa. Rundunar ta ruga don mamaye wuraren tsaron garin; 'yan bindigar Mahdist sun kama wuraren a cikin ramuka a gaban garin, sojojin da ke faɗa da takobi sun kafa kansu a cikin gidaje da kuma tituna, kuma wani ɗan ƙaramin rukunin dawakai yana tsaye a shirye don yin aiki. Gabaɗaya, tsaron ya kai tsakanin sojoji dari huɗu zuwa dubu ɗaya.

Hunter's force advanced towards the town in a semi-circle formation, composed by the four battalions arranged from left to right in the following order: the 10th Sudanese, 9th Sudanese, the reduced 3rd Egyptian, and the 11th Sudanese. The artillery battery was with the 3rd Egyptian. The force reached the ridge of the plateau overlooking the town, about three hundred yards away, at a quarter past six. Major-General Hunter, finding the Mahdist garrison prepared for the assault and entrenched in their defenses, ordered the artillery to bombard their positions, which commenced at 6:30. However, the artillery proved ineffective, as the guns were unable to strike within the narrow trenches or blast aside the cover behind which the Mahdist infantry waited. Hunter ceased the barrage, and ordered Lieutenant MacDonald to lead his brigade in a general advance. The command to fix bayonets was given, and the troops began an orderly advance across the three hundred yards that separated them from their objective. However, facing a line of Mahdist riflemen well-protected in their trenches, the soldiers of each advancing battalion were compelled to open fire without direct orders. The uncoordinated volleys of the advancing brigade were moderately effective against the Mahdist riflemen, who had not yet returned fire. When the battalions were about halfway across the three hundred yard stretch, their lines of fire began to converge due to their semi-circle formation, and the 10th Sudanese, on the left, was forced to halt to avoid coming under the fire of the rightmost 11th Sudanese.

Dakarun Mahdist a cikin ramuka, sanye da tsofaffin bindigogi da alburusai na wucin gadi, an shirya su jira har sai dakarun Hunter sun shiga cikin kewayon don fara harbi. Dakarun Mahdist da ke cikin ramuka sun jimre wa ci gaba da harbi na dakarun da ke ci gaba har sai nisa ya ragu zuwa yadi dari. Tare, layin Mahdist ya fashe da harbin bindiga, suna buga bataliyoyin da ke ci gaba da, musamman, 10th Sudanese da ke tsaye. Jami'an Burtaniya guda biyu, Brevet-Major Henry Sidney da Lieutenant Edward Fitzclarence, jami'an Masar guda uku, da sojoji goma sha biyu na yau da kullun an kashe su a cikin harbe-harben. Sama da hamsin sun ji rauni a cikin rundunar. Bayan wannan musayar, bataliyoyin sun watsar da tsarin su na tsari kuma suka kai hari kan ramuka da bayonets dinsu. An yi gumurzu mai zafi, inda sojojin rundunar MacDonald suka shiga cikin ramuka da kuma cikin garin, suna yin fada mai tsanani da Mahdist a duk inda aka same su a cikin kunkuntar hanyoyi da gidajen Abu Hamed. A wurare da yawa an yi amfani da manyan bindigogi don fitar da masu karewa masu tsayin daka, yayin da dakarun Mahdist, suna kallon yadda bataliyoyin Hunter suka ratsa garin, suka juya don gudu zuwa kudu zuwa Berber.

Da karfe 7:30, garin yana hannun dakarun Major-Janar Hunter. Kusan dukkanin sansanin Mahdist, ban da dawakai, an kashe su a cikin mummunan fada a duk faɗin matsugunin. Duk da haka, wasu 'yan yankuna na juriya na Mahdist sun kasance a cikin gidaje masu ƙarfi, suna ƙin daina fada da tashin hankali. An kashe maza shida da aka aiko don kama matsayin mai harbi na Mahdist a wani karamin gida kusa da kogin, wanda ya tilasta wa Hunter kiran manyan bindigoginsa. An harbe ginin har ya zama kango, amma mai harbin ya tsira, kamar yadda aka tabbatar da harbin wani soja da aka aiko don gano gawarsa. A ƙarshe, harbi na biyu na manyan bindigogi ya rusa abin da ya rage na tsarin kuma tarkace ya yi shiru, kodayake ba a taba samun gawar mai harbin ba. Mazaunan yankin sun yi amfani da kuloli da mashi don kare kansu yayin yakin, amma ba su taka rawa sosai a cikin sakamakon ba.
## Bayan Yaƙi
Majiyoyi sun bambanta kan adadin Mahdist da aka kashe a yakin, wanda ya kai tsakanin 250 zuwa 850. A gefen Anglo-Masar, maza ashirin da uku sun mutu kuma sittin da ɗaya sun ji rauni. Bataliya ta 10 ta Sudan ita kaɗai ta kashe goma sha shida daga cikin ashirin da uku da aka kashe kuma talatin da huɗu daga cikin sittin da ɗaya da suka ji rauni. An kama kwamandan Mahdist, Mohammed Zain, a yaƙi kuma an tsare shi a kurkuku. Major-Janar Hunter ya kama babban jari na makamai, raƙuma, dawakai, da dukiya daga garin. Bayan yakin, kwamandan bataliyar MacDonald ya tsawatar wa sojojinsa saboda bude wuta yayin da suke ci gaba a fadin yadi dari uku tsakanin tsaunin tudu da wuraren tsaron garin. Lieutenant MacDonald bai umarce su da yin haka ba, kuma ya ɗauka a matsayin cin zarafi mai tsanani wanda ya lalata shirinsa na harin bayonet na yadi 150. Brevet-Major Henry Sidney da Lieutenant Edward Fitzclarence, jikan Sarki William IV, su ne kawai jami'an Burtaniya biyu da aka kashe a yaƙi a duk yakin. An binne gawarwakin sojojin Major-Janar Hunter kusa da garin, jami'an Burtaniya a cikin kaburbura masu ado kuma sauran a cikin kaburbura marasa alama. Akwai labarin da ke cewa kabarin Lieutenant Sidney, ɗaya daga cikin jami'an Burtaniya biyu da aka kashe yayin yakin, ana gadin sa a kowane dare ta hanyar fatalwowi na waɗanda aka kashe a cikin bataliyarsa.

Labarin nasarar Major-Janar Hunter an isar da shi ta hanyar mahaya da sakonnin waya ga jami'an sojojin Kitchener, kodayake majiyoyi da yawa sun ruwaito cewa Kitchener da kansa ya sami labarin nasarar lokacin da gawarwakin wasu 'yan tawayen Mahdist suka yi iyo ta Merowe a kan Nilu, daga ƙasa da Abu Hamed. Da zaran labarin ya iske shi, an ci gaba da aikin layin dogo na hamada, kuma aikin ginin ya ci gaba cikin sauri, ya kai Abu Hamed a ranar 31 ga Oktoba 1897. Nasarar layin dogo na hamada yana da mahimmancin da ba a taɓa gani ba ga yakin Kitchener; ci gaban sojojinsa zuwa cibiyar mulkin Mahdist da kuma kula da wannan sojojin sun dogara gaba ɗaya ga jiragen ruwa masu ɗauke da ruwa, kayan aiki, da ƙarin dakarun da ke zuwa kullum. Kama Abu Hamed ya ba da damar kammala wannan layin dogo a cikin hamadar Nubian mai ban tsoro kuma ya sa hanyar Kitchener ta yiwu.

Lokacin da Major-Janar Hunter ya ci Abu Hamed daga masu kare shi, dakarun Mahdist da ya sani suna tseren zuwa garin tun lokacin da aka hango dakarunsa a ranar 4 ga Agusta sun kasa da mil ashirin nesa. Da yake karancin kayan aiki kuma yana gane tsananin gajiya na mutanensa, Hunter ya yi shakkar ikon sa na riƙe garin a cikin yiwuwar kai hari daga waɗannan dakarun da ke zuwa. Duk da haka, ɗan ƙaramin sojojin dawakai na Mahdist da suka gudu daga yakin sun hadu da rundunar da ke zuwa kuma suka sanar da su abubuwan da suka faru, nan da nan suka canza hanya zuwa kudu a gaba da Abu Hamed. Kwamandan Mahdist a Berber ya ji labarin yakin a ranar 9 ga Agusta, kuma, yana fuskantar dakarun Anglo-Masar da ke zuwa tare da tashin hankali na cikin gida, ya yanke shawarar kwashe birnin a ƙarshen Agusta. Major-Janar Hunter daga nan ya bar Abu Hamed, inda shi da rundunarsa suka kasance tun bayan yakin, kuma ya koma kudu don mamaye birnin da kuma ci gaba da yakin.

## Manazarta

## Majiya

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*