Lewis Nkosi

**Lewis NKosi** (an haifeshi ranar 5 gawatan Disamba, 1936 - 2010). Marubuci ne kuma ɗan Jarida ɗan Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ya kwashe shekaru 30 yana gudun hijira sakamakon takunkumin da aka sanya masa da rubuce-rubucensa ta hanyar Dokar hana gurguzu da Dokar Watsa Labarai da Nishaɗi da aka zartar a ciki. shekarun 1950 da 1960. Mutum mai fuskoki da yawa, ya yunƙuri nau'o'in rubuce-rubuce da yawa, waɗanda suka haɗa da sukar adabi, waƙa, wasan kwaikwayo, litattafai, gajerun labarai, kasidu, da kuma aikin jarida.

## Kuruciya
An haifi Nkosi a cikin dangin Zulu na gargajiya a wani wuri da ake kira Embo a KwaZulu-Natal, Afirka ta Kudu. Ya halarci makarantun gida, kafin ya shiga M. L. Sultan Technical College da ke Durban.

## Daga bayan rayuwa
Nkosi a farkon shekarunsa ashirin ya fara aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida, na farko a Durban, ya shiga cikin littafin mako-mako Ilanga lase Natal ("Natal sun") a 1955, sannan a Johannesburg na mujallar Drum kuma a matsayin babban mai ba da rahoto ga jaridar Drum ta Lahadi, Golden City. Buga, daga 1956 zuwa 1960.

**Aikin adabi a Afirka ta Kudu**

Ya ba da gudummawar kasidu ga mujallu da jaridu da yawa. Marubutan nasa sun soki tsarin wariyar launin fata da kuma kasar mai nuna wariyar launin fata, sakamakon haka gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta haramta ayyukansa.

**Rayuwa a matsayin gudun hijira**

Nkosi ya fuskanci tsangwama a rubuce-rubucen sa saboda ka'idojin buga rubuce-rubucen da aka samu a cikin dokar hana gurguzu da kuma dokar wallafe-wallafe da nishadi da aka yi a shekarun 1950 zuwa 1960. An dakatar da ayyukansa a ƙarƙashin Dokar hana gurguzu,  kuma ya fuskanci ƙuntatawa mai tsanani a matsayinsa na marubuci. A lokaci guda, ya zama ɗan jarida baƙar fata na farko na Afirka ta Kudu da ya sami nasarar Nieman Fellowship daga Jami'ar Harvard don ci gaba da karatunsa. Lokacin da ya nemi izinin zuwa Amurka, an bai wa Nkosi izinin fita ta hanya daya tak ya bar Afirka ta Kudu, don haka aka hana shi komawa. A cikin 1961, karɓar malanta don yin karatu a Harvard (1961-1962), ya fara gudun hijira na shekaru 30.

A shekarar 1962, ya halarci taron marubutan Afirka a jami'ar Makerere, tare da irinsu Chinua Achebe, Wole Soyinka, Ngugi wa Thiong'o da Ezekiel Mphahlele. Da ya koma Landan, Nkosi ya samu aiki da BBC kuma tsakanin 1962 zuwa 1965 ya samar da shirin rediyon Afirka a Waje, ya kuma yi hira da manyan marubutan Afirka na jerin talabijin na Marubutan Afirka na Yau akan NET, kuma ya zama editan adabi na The New African Magazine (1965). -1968). Ya fito a cikin Uku Swings akan Pendulum, shirin game da "Swinging London" a cikin 1967, wanda za'a iya kallo akan iplayer na BBC.

A cikin 1970, ya ziyarci Farfesa Regents a Jami'ar California-Irvine, kuma ya sami digiri na BA a cikin adabin Ingilishi daga Jami'ar London (1974) da MA daga Jami'ar Sussex (1977), ya ci gaba da zama. Farfesa na Turanci a Jami'ar Wyoming (1991-91), da kuma rike matsayin koyarwa na ziyara a jami'o'i a Zambia da kuma a Warsaw, Poland.

**Komawa Afirka ta Kudu**

Lewis Nkosi ya koma Afirka ta Kudu a shekara ta 2001, bayan tazarar kusan shekaru arba'in. Shekarunsa na ƙarshe kafin mutuwarsa a 2010 sun wuce cikin matsalolin kuɗi da rashin lafiya. Da alama ya ji rauni a wani hatsarin mota a shekarar 2009 kuma ya shafe lokacinsa a kan gado, a hankali yana murmurewa daga raunukan da ya samu; duk da haka, murmurewa bai taɓa faruwa ba kuma ya zarce zuwa mutuwa. Duk da kasancewar Nkosi a matsayin gwarzon adabin Afirka, babu wani ƙoƙari na wallafe-wallafen da ya ba shi wani taimako na tattalin arziki kuma abokansa da magoya bayansa sun tattara asusun agaji don biyan kuɗin likita na ƙarshe.

## Mutuwa
Nkosi ya rasu yana da shekaru 73 a ranar Lahadi, 5 ga Satumba, 2010, a asibitin jin dadin jama'a na Johannesburg. ya tsira daga abokin tarayya, Astrid Starck-Adler, da tagwayensa mata, Joy da Louise. An gudanar da taron tunawa da Nkosi a ranar 8 ga Satumba a Gidan Tarihi na Afirka, Cibiyar Al'adu ta Newtown, a Johannesburg, kuma an yi jana'izar sa a Durban a ranar 10 ga Satumba.

## Manazarta