open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Holt

**Holt** ko **Holte** na iya nufin

 

## Duniya ta halitta

* Holt (den) , wani otter rami
* Holt, wani yanki na gandun daji

## Wuraren da aka yi

### Ostiraliya

* Holt, Babban Birnin Australiya
* Sashe na Holt, gundumar zabe a Majalisar Wakilai ta Australiya a Victoria

### Kanada

* Holt, Ontario, ƙauye

### Denmark

* Holte, wani gari ne a cikin garin Rudersdal, gundumar Copenhagen

### Jamus

* Holt, Jamus, wata karamar hukuma a Schleswig-Holstein

### Iceland

* Holt (Akureyri) , wani gida a Sandgerðisbót Akureyri
* Skálholt, bishopric na farko na Iceland na zamani da kuma shafin babban coci

### Netherlands

* Holt, Overijssel, wani gari a cikin Overijssel

### Norway

* Holt, Aust-Agder, tsohon gari ne a cikin gundumar Aust-Agden, Norway (yanzu wani ɓangare na garin Tvedestrand) 

### Romania

* Holt, ƙauye a cikin Letea Veche Commune, Bacău County

### Ƙasar Ingila

* Holt, Dorset
** Holt Heath, Dorset
* Holt Town, Manchester
* Holt, Norfolk
** Tashar jirgin kasa ta Holt (North Norfolk Railway) 
** Tashar jirgin kasa ta Holt, tashar da aka rufe kusa da Holt, Norfolk
* Holt, Wiltshire
* Holt, Wrexham, Wales
* Holt, Worcestershire

### Amurka

* Holt, Alabama
* Holt, California
* Holt, Florida
* Holt, Breckinridge County, Kentucky
* Holt, gundumar Muhlenberg, Kentucky
* Holt, Michigan
* Holt, Minnesota
* Holt, Missouri
* Holt, Ohio
* Holt, Wisconsin
* Gundumar Holt, Missouri
* Gundumar Holt, Nebraska
* Garin Holt, Taylor County, Iowa
* Garin Holt, Fillmore County, Minnesota
* Garin Holt, Marshall County, Minnesota
* Garin Holt, Gage County, Nebraska
* Garin Holt, Adams County, North Dakota

## Mutane

* Holt (sunan mahaifi) , gami da jerin mutanen da ke da sunan mahaifi
* Victoria Holt, sunan Eleanor Alice Burford (1906-1993), marubucin littafin soyayya na Burtaniya
* Holt McCallany (an haife shi a 1963), ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka
* Holt Persinger, ɗan siyasan Amurka da aka zaba a 2023

## Kamfanoni

* Holt &amp;amp; Co., wakilan sojojin Burtaniya da masu banki masu zaman kansu, yanzu suna cikin NatWest Group
* Henry Holt da Kamfanin, kamfanin bugawa
* Holt International Children's Services, kamfanin tallafi na Amurka
* Kamfanin Holt Manufacturing Company, kakan Caterpillar
* Holt McDougal, kamfanin bugawa
* Holt Renfrew, kantin sayar da kayayyaki na Kanada

## Dubi kuma
Tsibirin Dent (New Zealand)

**Tsibirin Dent** wani yanki ne mai girman  tulin dutse, kwance 3&nbsp;km yamma da tsibirin Campbell kuma na cikin rukunin Campbell Island . Dent Island yana a

## Tsuntsaye
Tsibirin wani yanki ne na rukunin Muhimman Bird Area (IBA), wanda BirdLife International ya bayyana haka saboda mahimmancin sa a matsayin wurin kiwo ga nau'ikan tsuntsayen teku da dama da kuma Campbell teal da Campbell snipe . 

### Campbell shayi
Tsibirin ya fi shahara da Campbell Teal, wanda aka yi tunanin ya mutu sama da shekaru 100 har sai da aka sake gano wani karamin rukuni a can a shekarar 1975. Tsibirin Dent ba shi da 'yanci daga namun daji, musamman ma berayen da suka gabatar da su a tsibirin Campbell ya kai ga bacewar teal din a can. Duk da haka, wurin da ya dace don teal a tsibirin Dent ya fi iyaka fiye da  zai ba da shawara, saboda babban yanki na tsibirin ba shi da dutse.

Shirin adana shayi na Campbell ya fara ne a cikin 1984 lokacin da aka tura tsuntsaye huɗu daga Tsibirin Dent zuwa Cibiyar Namun daji ta Pukaha / Dutsen Bruce .     A cikin 1997, ƙidayar da aka gudanar a tsibirin Dent ya nuna cewa yawan jama'arta na Campbell sun ƙi zuwa matakan haɗari yayin da aka gano tsuntsaye uku kawai.

Duk da haka, kiyayewa da kiwo ya sami nasara sosai, kuma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan an sake dawo da teas da yawa a tsibirin Campbell da kanta, inda a yanzu akwai mutane sama da ɗari. A ƙarshe an kawar da beraye daga tsibirin Campbell a cikin 2001.

## Manazarta
Gidan shakatawa na Omkareshwar

**Omkareshwar Floating Solar Power Park** tashar wutar lantarki ce da ke iyo a Omkareshwar Dam, Khandwa, Indiya .

## Tarihi
Tallace-tallacen tallace-tallace na tashar wutar lantarki ta hasken rana ta kusan Rs 3.25 kowace naúrar makamashi  ta masu aiki AMP Energy (100MW), NHDC (100MW), da SJVN (90MW). 

Kamfanin na Rewa Ultra Mega Solar Limited (RUMSL) mallakin gwamnati ne ke gina matatar mai karfin MW 600 akan madatsar ruwan Omakareshwar.  An bayar da rahoton, wannan shirin zai kasance mafi girma na samar da wutar lantarki mai amfani da hasken rana a duniya. 

A watan Agustan 2023, an kunna karfin 278MW. Kashi na farko na aikin ya fara ne da na’urorin hasken rana wanda kowannensu ke samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin 0.5MW da 0.4MW. 

A cikin Afrilu 2024, sassanta sun lalace a cikin guguwa, mai yiyuwa saboda rashin isassun tsagewa.  

An kaddamar da aikin a watan Agustan 2024 tare da 90MW. 

## Manazarta
Canjin yanayi a Tsibirin Prince Edward

Sauyin yanayi a lardin Prince Edward Island na Kanada yana shafar muhalli da masana'antu daban-daban, gami da kamun kifi da noma. 

## Tushen gas na Greenhouse
Ya zuwa shekarar 2025, hayakin Prince Edward Island ya kai kashi 16% kasa da hayakin sa na 2005.  Makasudin iskar gas mai zafi na tsibirin Prince Edward zai buƙaci ƙasa da tan miliyan 1.2 na hayaƙi a kowace shekara a cikin 2030. 

## Tasirin sauyin yanayi

### Kifi da noma
A cikin 2020, an sami karuwar adadin "chub" mackerel da masunta na PEI ke kamawa da adadin lobster saukowa a cikin ruwan PEI, idan aka kwatanta da shekarun baya.  Ana sa ran amfanin dankalin turawa zai ragu da tsakanin 5% zuwa 10% a cikin shekaru 50 daga 2024. 

### Gina gine-gine da muhallin da aka gina
Ana sa ran samun gine-gine 500 a cikin garin Charlottestown wanda zai zama "cikin haɗari" a cikin shekaru 75 daga 2025 zuwa 2100. 

## Martani

### Manufofi

#### Shirye-shiryen sarrafa bakin teku
Gwamnatin tsibirin Prince Edward ta ɓullo da tsare-tsare don gudanar da yankunan bakin teku, amma ba su da wani ɓangaren amfani da ƙasa. 

### Doka

#### Dokar Jagorancin Yanayi
 
Dokar Shugabancin Yanayi an aiwatar da harajin carbon na lardi na cent 4.4 akan man fetur da kuma centi 4.4 akan man dizal.  An gabatar da wannan a lokaci guda a matsayin wani lissafin daban wanda ya rage harajin carbon, wanda aka zarge shi da cewa ya fi game da siyasa maimakon rage yawan hayaki.  Jam'iyyar Green Party ta tsibirin Prince Edward ta ba da shawarar sauya manufar fitar da hayaki a cikin doka daga tan miliyan 1.4 na iskar gas zuwa tan miliyan 1.2. 

#### Net-zero Carbon Dokar
 
Bayan shawarwarin da jam'iyyar Green Party ta gabatar, an yi wa dokar shugabancin yanayi kwaskwarima, inda kudurin dokar ya samu goyon baya daga dukkan jam'iyyu uku na majalisar dokoki.  Dokar ta bukaci tsibirin Prince Edward ya kai ga fitar da sifili ta hanyar 2040.  An kwatanta dokar da kyau sosai: "tushen kyakkyawan tsarin yanayi".  Dokar tana buƙatar aiwatar da kwamitin shawarwari na masu ruwa da tsaki.  A cikin shekara guda bayan zartar da dokar, hayaki ya tashi da kashi 2.8%. 

## Manazarta
Ebenezer Bryce

**Ebenezer Bryce** (Nuwamba 17, 1830 &#x2013; Satumba 26, 1913) majagaba ne na Mormon, wanda aka fi sani da wanda aka ba wa suna Bryce Canyon National Park .

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Bryce a garin Dunblane a yankin majalisar tarayya ta Perth da Kinross, wanda a yau yake a yankin majalisar Stirling na Scotland . Ya zama masassaƙin jirgin ruwa, ya canza bangaskiyarsa zuwa Cocin Yesu Kiristi na Waliyyan Ƙarshe, ya bar Scotland zuwa Utah yana ɗan shekara sha bakwai.  Ebenezer shi ne kawai memba a cikin iyalinsa da ya tuba zuwa Cocin Yesu Kiristi na Waliyyan Ƙarshe, kuma mahaifinsa ya ƙi shi. 

## Pine Valley

Bryce ya auri Mary Park a Salt Lake City a cikin 1854. Sun ƙaura zuwa kudancin Utah ta 1862, kuma suka zauna a Pine Valley inda Bryce ke da alhakin tsarawa da kuma kula da ginin Pine Valley Chapel a 1868, mafi tsufa ɗakin sujada har yanzu yana ci gaba da amfani da Cocin Yesu Almasihu na Kiristoci na Ƙarshe . Majami'ar ta bambanta da cewa an gina rufin kamar juzu'i na jirgin ruwa ta hanyar amfani da dabarar da Bryce ya samu a matsayin mai kera jirgi a Scotland. Ganuwar ɗakin sujada an taru a ƙasa kuma an ɗaga kai har zuwa yanayin waƙar ginin jirgin ruwa na Scotland da Ebenezer ya rera. An kula da ɗakin sujadar da kyau kuma an jera shi akan Rajista na Wuraren Tarihi na Ƙasar Amurka. Yayin da yake cikin kwarin Pine, Ebenezer ya kuma gudanar da aikin katako don gina Haikali na St. George.

## Bryce Canyon

Ba da da ewa ba, dangin sun ƙaura wani ɗan gajeren nisa zuwa kwarin Paria, kudu da Bryce Canyon,  wanda ya zama abin tunawa na ƙasa a cikin 1923 da cikakken filin shakatawa na ƙasa a 1928.  

## Arizona
A cikin 1880, Bryce ya ƙaura da babban iyalinsa zuwa wani yanki na Arizona, kimanin mil biyu a arewa da Pima, inda aka ba da sunan yankin Bryce, Arizona don girmama shi. A nan ne ya mutu kuma aka binne shi a wata makabarta.  Ebenezer ya gina gidaje biyu a Arizona, dukansu a halin yanzu suna ƙarƙashin sabuntawa ta Ebenezer Bryce Foundation.

## Manazarta
Cibiyar Jama'a

**Cibiyar Jama'a** kungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke zaune a Washington, DC, Amurka.

Global Population Speak Out (GPSO) shine aikinta na musamman. John Feeney, PhD, marubucin muhalli kuma mai fafutuka wanda ke zaune a Boulder, Colorado, Amurka ne ya kafa shi, an tsara GPSO don bunkasa tattaunawar jama'a game da Yawan jama'a a matsayin babban abu a cikin gwagwarmayar Rayuwa mai ɗorewa a Duniya.

Aikin yana da matakai uku.  Na farko, wasiƙar alkawari da ke bayanin GPSO ta sami goyon bayan ƙungiyar manyan masana kimiyya, masu fafutuka da mashahurai.  A cikin shekarun da suka wuce, masu goyon baya sun haɗa da masana kimiyya irin su Paul R. Ehrlich, da Dennis Meadows.  An rarraba wasiƙar ga mutanen da ke da sha'awar haɓakar yawan jama'a, inda aka bukace su da su yi magana a bainar jama'a a cikin watan Fabrairu game da karuwar yawan ɗan adam.  Masana kimiyya, wakilan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na muhalli, marubutan kimiyya da masu fafutuka, tare da talakawan da abin ya shafa ana kai hari.  A ƙarshe, ana buƙatar waɗanda aka ɗauka su ba da rahoton ayyukan aikin su ga mai kula da GPSO, wanda ke sanya su a gidan yanar gizon GPSO.

Dokta Feeney ya yi tunanin ra'ayin GPSO a cikin 2008 kuma ya shirya kuma ya gudanar da Magana ta Duniya ta farko a watan Fabrairun 2009. Daga baya ya shirya don ikon mallakar GPSO, da ayyukan GPSO na gaba, wanda Cibiyar Jama'a, Washington DC za ta gudanar.

## GPSO 2009
Bayan mutane 32 sun sanya hannu kan wasikar, GPSO ya fara ne a matsayin aikin a cikin Yanar Gizo ta Duniya a watan Satumbar 2008. A watan Oktoba mujallar Science ta rubuta:

"*A lokacin da wasu kasashe masu tasowa ke biyan 'yan ƙasa don karfafa yawan haihuwa (Science, 30 Yuni 2006, shafi na 1894), ƙungiyar masana kimiyya da masu kula da muhalli suna kira ga sabon turawa don iyakance yawan mutane*".

GPSO tana samun goyon baya daga Ƙungiyar Duniya don Kare Rayuwa (WUPL), wanda aka kafa a Luxembourg 1964.

GPSO 2009 ta karɓi alkawura daga mutane 216  aƙalla ƙasashe 17. Daga cikinsu akwai John Guillebaud, Farfesa Emeritus na Shirye-shiryen Iyali da Lafiya ta Rubuta, Kwalejin Jami'ar London, kuma tsohon Co-shugaban OPT. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2009 Cibiyar Jama'a (PI), wacce aka kafa tun 1969 a Washington DC, ta ayyana hadin gwiwarta da GPSO.

A shekara ta 2009, an rufe yawan jama'a na duniya a cikin *Kimiyya*, The Christian Science Monitor da The Times Online, da sauransu.

## GPSO 2010
GPSO 2010 ya kara yawan masu goyon bayan aikin daga 32 (a cikin 2009) zuwa 50 a cikin 2010 (ciki har da Ph.D 28. A karkashin kulawar aikin Cibiyar Jama'a, yawan masu alkawari ya karu daga 216 a 2009 zuwa 386.

## GPSO 2011
GPSO 2011 ta ci gaba da yawan masu goyon bayan aikin a 50. Akwai mata 24 da maza 26, wadanda suka wakilci kasashe 16, ciki har da: Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Chile, Habasha, Jamus, Indiya, Italiya, Kenya, Portugal, Singapore, Thailand, Uganda, Burtaniya, da Amurka. Adadin masu alkawari ya karu daga 386 a 2010 zuwa 1,037 a 2011. Gabaɗaya, GPSO 2011 ta sami shiga daga mutane daga ƙasashe 52.

## Manazarta
Gidan Tunawa da Bethune

**Gidan Tunawa da Bethune** ( French   ), Gidan Tarihi na Kanada a Gravenhurst, Ontario, Kanada, yana tunawa da rayuwa da nasarorin Dr. Norman Bethune . Rashin haƙuri da rashin natsuwa, ya sami wahayi ta hanyar jin daɗin aiki ga wasu da ƙaunar waje. A Bethune, waɗannan halaye sune zuriyar likitan tiyata, ɗan kwaminisanci, ɗan adam, mai ƙirƙira, malami da mai fasaha. Wurin tarihi ya bincika tushensa kuma yana nazarin gadonsa. Dokta Bethune ya shafe shekaru biyu na karshen rayuwarsa a kasar Sin, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin malami da kuma likitan fida na rundunar 'yan gurguzu ta Hanyar Takwas . 

## Tarihi
An gina gidan a cikin 1880 don yin hidima a matsayin babban cocin Knox Presbyterian. Malcolm Bethune ya zama ministan Knox Church a cikin 1889 kuma, bayan shekara guda, an haifi dansa Norman a cikin manse. Iyalin Bethune sun kasance a Gravenhurst har zuwa 1893, lokacin da suka ƙaura zuwa Beaverton, Ontario . Bayan haka, wasu ministoci sun mamaye gidan.

A shekarar 1973 ma’aikatar harkokin waje ta gwamnatin tarayya ta sayi gidan. Daga baya Parks Canada ne ya yi aikin maido da ginin, wanda yanzu ke da alhakin gudanar da aikinsa. 

A watan Agustan 2002, Gwamna Janar Adrienne Clarkson na lokacin ya ziyarci gidan kuma ya kaddamar da wani mutum-mutumi na tagulla na Dr. Bethune wanda garin Gravenhurst ya gina. Mutum-mutumin yana kan babban titin Gravenhurst, tare da sanannen Opera House.
Fayil:BMH_Visitor_Centre.JPG|alt=Current visitor centre for Bethune Memorial House, built in 2012 and opened in May 2013.| Cibiyar baƙo na yanzu don Bethune Memorial House, wanda aka gina a cikin 2012 kuma an buɗe a watan Mayu 2013.
Fayil:BethuneMemorialhouse.jpg|alt=Bethune Memorial House former visitor centre, demolished in May 2011.| Bethune Memorial House tsohon cibiyar baƙo, wanda aka rushe a watan Mayu 2011.
Fayil:Norman_Bethune's_study_in_Gravenhurst.JPG|alt=Malcolm Bethune's (Dr. Bethune's father) study in Bethune Memorial House| Nazarin Malcolm Bethune (mahaifin Dr. Bethune) a Gidan Tunawa da Bethune


## Alaka
Gidan kayan gargajiya yana da alaƙa da Ƙungiyar Gidajen Tarihi ta Kanada, Cibiyar Ba da Bayanin Gadon Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyaki, da Gidan Tarihi na Virtual na Kanada .

## Manazarta
Tsibirin Jacquemart

**Tsibirin Jacquemart**, ɗaya daga cikin tsibiran da ke kewaye da tsibirin Campbell a New Zealand, ta ƙarya   kudu da tsibirin Campbell kuma shine tsibirin kudu mafi kusa na New Zealand.

Sunan yana tunawa da Kyaftin J. Jacquemart, na jirgin ruwa FRWS *Vire*, wanda ya goyi bayan 1874 Transit of Venus Expedition zuwa Campbell Island . 

## Geography
Tsibirin Jacquemart ya ƙunshi tari mai yanki , kusan  tsawon da  a faɗin kuma kewaye da manyan duwatsu aƙalla  mafi girma a mafi ƙarancin su. Matsakaicinsa shine kusan  asl . Ragowar lafazin basaltic ne wanda aka yi shi a asali a kan tushe mai ruɗi.

Saboda rashin samunsa daga teku, ziyarar farko da mutane suka kai tsibirin bai faru ba sai a ranar 29 ga Disamba 1980 lokacin da wata karamar kungiyar masana kimiyya ta sauka da helikwafta a kan kogin koli na tsawon mintuna 90. An yi gajeriyar ziyarce-ziyarce a 1984 da 1997.  

## Flora da fauna
Mafi yawan yankin tsibirin da ke sama da duwatsun an lulluɓe shi da ciyayi na tussock a kan wani yanki na peat wanda aka lalatar da burrows. Mahalli ya haɗa da al'ummomin filin ciyawa, dutsen da al'ummomin ledge, da kuma ciyayi da shuke-shuken matashin kai . 

Tsuntsaye da aka rubuta a matsayin kiwo a Jacquemart sun haɗa da sooty shearwater, giant petrel na arewa, guguwa mai goyan bayan ruwan toka, sooty albatross mai haske, skua mai launin ruwan kasa da Campbell shag . Sauran tsuntsayen teku waɗanda za su iya haifuwa akwai ruwan ruwa na kowa-petrel da Cape petrel . An ga pipits na New Zealand da taurari na gama-gari.  An kuma rubuta wani nau'i na kogon weta daga tsibirin, da kuma slug-veined leaf na tsibirin Campbell. 

Tsibirin wani yanki ne na rukunin Muhimman Bird Area (IBA), wanda BirdLife International ya bayyana haka saboda mahimmancin sa a matsayin wurin kiwo ga nau'ikan tsuntsayen teku da dama da kuma Campbell teal da Campbell snipe . 

### Campbell asalin
Har sai da tsibirin Campbell an kawar da berayen da aka gabatar a cikin 2001, Jacquemart kuma shi ne mafaka ta ƙarshe na Campbell snipe, wani nau'i na Subantarctic snipe wanda aka fara gano shi a cikin 1997 kuma an bayyana shi a cikin 2009. Bayan kawar da berayen, snipe ya fara sake dawo da sauran jama'a a kan tsibirin Campbell, tare da karamin tsibirin tsibirin. Jacquemart.  

## Manazarta
Glassy Mountain (Pickens County, South Carolina)

**Dutsen Glassy** dutse ne kusa da Pickens, South Carolina, Amurka, a arewa maso yammacin South Carolina, tare da tsayin koli na ƙafa 1,703 (519 m) sama da matakin teku . Duk da yake shi keɓaɓɓen monadnock, har yanzu yana kusa da Blue Ridge, yana ba da ra'ayoyi game da tarurrukan kusa kamar Table Rock da Kaisar Kai har da Greenville . Dutsen ya sami sunansa daga wata babbar fuska, ba komai, granite a gefen arewa. A saman wannan fuskar dutsen akwai ƙananan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa waɗanda ke zubowa daga dutsen, suna ba da siffa mai “gilashi” a rana. Yana da sauƙin isa, kamar yadda ƙaramin titin sabis don hasumiya mai watsawa ke kaiwa ga taron. 'Yan makarantar sakandare na gida sukan yi zanen dutsen fuska tare da shekarun kammala karatun. Adadin wannan shekara na iya zama babba har a iya gani akan hoton dutsen

Wannan dutsen yana yawan rikicewa da wani tsaunin Glassy dake cikin gundumar Greenville, South Carolina, wanda ke kusa. Dutsen Glassy a Gundumar Greenville yana da tsayi mafi tsayi na ƙafa 2,782 kuma ba monadnock bane kamar yadda aka haɗa shi da wasu tsaunuka. Hakanan gida ne ga Cliffs a yankin wasan golf na Glassy Mountain.

A cikin 1990, masu Pat McCoy da Thomas Atkinson sun sayar da Dutsen Glassy zuwa Shirin Amintaccen Heritage na Kudancin Carolina, wanda ya sanya shi Tsarin Gilashin Dutsen Gilashin. 

## Magana
Canges (hukunci)

**Cangue** (/kæŋ/ KANG), a cikin Sinanci  ake kira **jia** ko **tcha** (Sinanci) na'urar ce da aka yi amfani da ita don wulakanci da azabtar da jama'a a Gabashin Asiya  da wasu sassan Kudu maso gabashin Asiya har zuwa farkon shekarun karni na ashirin. An kuma yi amfani da shi a wasu lokuta don ko a lokacin azabtarwa. Saboda ya ƙuntata motsi na mutum, ya zama ruwan dare ga mutanen da ke sanye da jini su mutu saboda ba su iya ciyar da kansu ba.

Kalmar "cangue" ita ce Faransanci, daga Portuguese "canga," wanda ke nufin yoke, an yi amfani da kayan aiki na ɗaukar kaya don wannan sakamako, tare da hannayensu da aka ɗaure zuwa kowane hannu na yoke. Sau da yawa ana fassara shi azaman **pillory**, yana kama da wannan hukuncin Turai sai dai cewa motsi na hannun fursunoni ba a ƙuntata shi sosai ba kuma ba a sanya allon cangue a tushe ba kuma dole ne fursunoni ya ɗauka.

A wasu lokuta, ana amfani da cangue a matsayin hanyar hana fursunoni tare da hannayen hannu da sarƙoƙi; wannan gaskiya ne musamman ga waɗanda ke da hukunci mai tsanani ko matsayi mara kyau.

## Hanyoyi
Kodayake akwai nau'o'i daban-daban da yawa, cangue na al'ada zai kunshi babban allon mai laushi tare da rami a tsakiya babba don wuyan mutum. Kwamitin ya kunshi kashi biyu. Wadannan ɓangarorin an rufe su a wuyan fursuna, sannan a rufe su a gefen ta hanyar kulle ko hinges. Rufewar da ke tsakiya ta isa ga fursunoni su yi numfashi da cin abinci, amma ba ta isa ta isa ta hanyar kai ba. An tsare fursunoni a cikin cangue na wani lokaci a matsayin horo. Girman da kuma nauyin musamman sun bambanta a matsayin ma'auni na tsananin azabtarwa. Babban Dokar Shari'a ta Ming  (大明律) da aka buga a cikin 1397 ya ƙayyade cewa ya kamata a yi cangue daga itace mai ƙanshi kuma a auna 25, 20 ko 15 jīn (kimanin 20-33 lb ko 9-15 kg) dangane da yanayin laifin da ke ciki. Sau da yawa cangue yana da girma sosai har fursuna suna buƙatar taimako don cin abinci ko sha, saboda hannayensa ba za su iya kaiwa bakin kansa ba, ko ma kwance.&nbsp;&nbsp;

### Gidan ajiya
Za a sanya cangue a saman wani cage, don ƙafafun fursunoni ba za su iya taɓa ƙasa ba. Za a sanya goyon baya a ƙarƙashin ƙafafun da farko, don ya tsaya ba tare da matsin lamba a wuyansa ba. A hankali, za a cire goyon baya, yana tilasta wa cangue ya sannu a hankali ya maƙure shi.

### Al'ada
A tarihi ana amfani da cangues a cikin al'adun tuba a cikin Addinin gargajiya na kasar Sin. Wadannan cangues ko dai sun yi kama da na gargajiya na katako ko kuma an yi su ne daga takobi uku da aka ɗaure tare ko takarda. Kamar yadda aka yi amfani da shi azaman azabtarwa da wulakanci na jama'a mai tuba ya rubuta zunubansu a kan allon kuma ya yi tafiya a cikin birni har sai ya zo haikalin (yawanci haikalin Allah na Birni) kuma an yafe zunubansu. Sau da yawa ana ƙone cangue, musamman idan an yi shi da takarda. Sayar da cangues na al'ada shine babban tushen samun kudin shiga ga haikalin kasar Sin kuma yana ci gaba da kasancewa daya a Taiwan. An haramta sayar da cangue na al'ada ta karya ta talakawa a lokacin daular Qing.

## Manazarta
Tashar wutar lantarki ta Tata Dholera Solar PV

**Tata Power Dholera Solar PV tashar** tashar wutar lantarki ce ta photovoltaic wacce ke cikin filin shakatawa na Dholera Solar . Mallakar ta ne kuma ke sarrafa ta Tata Power Renewable Energy Limited, wani kamfani ne na Tata Power gaba daya. 

## Tarihi
Matsayi na 1 na MW 300 na shuka ya tafi kan layi a cikin Afrilu 2022.  A lokacin, ita ce mafi girman tsarin hasken rana mai axis guda ɗaya. 

A yayin ginin, yanayin da ba a iya tantancewa ba, gami da ruwan sama mai yawa, ya mamaye magudanar igiyar igiyar KV 33. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar EPC ta yi amfani da masu iyo don shigar da igiyoyi masu tayar da hankali da kuma ɗagaɗaɗɗen ballasts da aka riga aka yi amfani da su don sanya igiyoyin wutar lantarki 500 mm sama da ƙasa, suna ƙetare tsarin karkashin kasa na al'ada. 

A halin yanzu, kamfanin na samar da wutar lantarki ga Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam a karkashin yarjejeniyar sayen wutar lantarki na tsawon shekaru 25.  

## Manazarta
Ericameria zionis

***Ericameria zionis***, da **subalpine goldenbush** ko **itacen al'ul karya goldenbush**, wani rare Arewacin Amirka nau'in shuke-shuke furanni a cikin iyali Asteraceae . An samo shi ne kawai a cikin tuddai masu tsayi a cikin tsaunuka a kudancin jihar Utah a yammacin Amurka .  Wasu daga cikin jama'ar suna kwance a cikin Cedar Breaks National Monument da Bryce Canyon National Park. 

*Ericameria zionis* wani shrub ne mai rassa har zuwa 30&nbsp;cm (inci 12) tsayi. Ganyen suna da siffar spatula, har zuwa 40&nbsp;mm (1.6 inci) tsayi. Tsire-tsire ɗaya na iya samar da kananun farar fulawa da yawa a cikin dunƙule tamtse, kowane kai mai yawan fuloti 21 amma babu florets.  

## Manazarta
Bitrus a cikin Magicland

***Peter a Magicland: Tafiya Mai Kyau*** ( German   ) wani fim ne na 1990 na Jamus mai raye-raye na fantasy na yara, bisa ga littafin Gerdt von Bassewitz na 1915 *na Little Peter's Journey to the Moon* . An saki fim ɗin a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba 1990 a Jamus.

## Makirci
Wata rana da daddare, ’yan’uwan Peter da Annabelle sun farka da hayaniya a cikin ɗakin kwanansu mai kama da kiɗa. Bayan bincike, sun sami tushen: beetle yana wasa akan violin. Wannan ƙwaro ya gabatar da kansa a matsayin Mista Buzzworthy, zuriya na 5 daga daular Buzzworthy, wanda kuma ya ba su labarinsa mai ban tausayi: shekaru ɗaruruwan da suka gabata, a ranar Lahadi da safe, kakan kakansa yana hutawa a kan bishiyar birch, sai wani mugun mai yankan itace ya sare bishiyar ya ɗauke shi, shi ma ya ɗauki ƙwanƙwasa shi da hannunsa. A sakamakon haka, duk tsararraki masu zuwa an haife su ne kawai da kafafu biyar. Ba da daɗewa ba, wata aljana ta dare ta ziyarci ƙwaro, wadda ta gaya masa cewa ta hukunta mai yankan itace ta hanyar kore shi zuwa wata tare da bishiyar, ta haka ya zama Mutumin Wata. Lokacin da ƙwaro ya gane cewa ƙafarsa ba ta nan, sai Bajaniya ta ba shi shawarar ya nemo yara biyu na kirki waɗanda ba su taɓa cutar da kowa ba kuma suna da ƙarfin hali don tafiya mai haɗari zuwa wata.

## Manazarta
Tauraron katako mai laushi

**Siriri mai wutsiya itace star** ( ***Microstilbon burmeisteri*** ) jinsin hummingbird ne a cikin kabilar Mellisugini na dangin Trochilinae, "kudan zuma hummingbirds". Shi ne kawai nau'in da aka sanya a cikin halittar ***Microstilbon*** . Ana samunsa a Argentina da Bolivia .  

## Taxonomy da kuma tsarin
An sanya tauraruwar itace mai laushi a wani lokaci a cikin jinsin *Chaetocercus* amma an mayar da ita ga jinsin *Microstilbon* a tsakiyar karni na 20.  Wannan nau'in shine kawai a cikin jinsinsa kuma ba shi da nau'ikan jinsin.

## Bayani
Siriri mai wutsiya itace  dogon ciki har da  wutsiya. Duk jinsin biyu suna da ɗan gajeren gajere, madaidaiciya, lissafin baƙar fata, sassan saman kore mai ruwan tagulla, da siririn farin ratsin bayan ido. Maza suna da ƙwanƙwasa ja-ja-ja-ja-ja wacce ke fitowa a gefe a matsayin tuffun gashin baki. Sauran makogwaron fari ne, sassan jikinsu fari ne mai launin toka mai koren mottling a gefuna, gaɓoɓin gindin kirfa mai kodadde. Wutsiya kunkuntar cokali mai yatsuwa baƙar fata ce. Mata suna da kunci duhu fiye da na namiji. Ba su da kyan gani mai launi; gindin su shine kirfa-buff. Fuka-fukan wutsiya na tsakiya kore ne da sauran kirfa tare da bandeji na baki kusa da ƙarshen. 

## Rarraba da wurin zama
An samo tauraro mai siririn wutsiya daga sassan Cochabamba na Bolivia da Santa Cruz kudu zuwa lardunan Jujuy, Salta, da Tucumán na Argentina. Akwai tarihin tarihi guda ɗaya daga mafi arewacin La Paz, yankin Bolivia. Tana zaune a cikin ciyayi mai tsiro, wuraren tsiro, ƙaya, da kwazazzabai masu tsiro. A cikin tsayi yana tsakanin  . 

## Hali

## Motsi
Ko da yake ba a sami cikakkun bayanai ba, ana zargin ɗan siririyar wutsiya na itace da yin motsi na ɗagawa na yanayi kuma yana iya zama ɗan ƙaura . 

## Ciyarwa
Siriri mai wutsiya itace tauraro yana yin kiwo sosai a cikin ciyayi, inda saurin wingbeats ɗinsa yayi kama da na bumblebee. Wasu hummingbirds sun mamaye ta. An rubuta shi yana ciyar da nectar daga furannin epiphyte kuma ana ɗaukarsa zuwa nectar a wasu nau'ikan tsire-tsire kuma yana cin kwari. 

## Kiwo
'Yan bayanan da aka yi na sandunan sirariyar wutsiya na itace suna ba da shawarar lokacin kiwo wanda ya haɗa da Disamba da Janairu. Ɗaya daga cikin gida shine ƙoƙon da aka yi da zaren tsire-tsire masu laushi wanda aka lulluɓe da lichens, wanda ke manne da reshen bishiyar da gizo-gizo gizo-gizo kamar  sama da ƙasa. Ba a san tsawon lokacin shiryawa da lokacin ƙuruciya ba. 

## Murya
Kadan daga cikin ƴan siririyar wutsiya mai muryoyin woodstar an san su. Yana yin "jerin bayanin kula na guntu" yayin ciyarwa da shawagi. 

## Matsayi
IUCN ta kimanta tauraruwar itace mai siririn wutsiya a matsayin mafi ƙarancin damuwa. Ko da yake ba a san girman yawan jama'arta ba, an yi imanin cewa ta tsaya tsayin daka.  Ana la'akari da shi a matsayin gama gari, kodayake yana da wahala a kiyaye shi saboda ƙanƙanta ne da ɓoye. Ana tunanin yarda da wuraren zama na ɗan adam zuwa wani matsayi. Ana samunsa aƙalla yanki ɗaya mai kariya a Argentina. 

## Manazarta
Kashewar zakari

Castration wani aiki ne, tiyata, sinadarai, ko kiɗa in ba haka ba, wanda namiji ya rasa amfani da testicles: gonad namiji. Castration na tiyata shine orchiectomy na biyu (yankewar allurar biyu), yayin da Castration na sinadarai ke amfani da magunguna don **Kashewa** allurar. Wasu nau'o'in castration suna haifar da sterilization (yana hana mutum ko dabba da aka castrated daga haifuwa); Hakanan yana rage samar da hormones, kamar testosterone da Estrogen. Sau da yawa ana kiran castration na tiyata a cikin dabbobi neutering.

Castration na dabbobi an yi niyya ne don tallafawa ci gaban da ake so na dabba ko na halayenta, a matsayin Anaphrodisiac ko don hana Yawan jama'a. Halin da ake yi na castration ga dabbobi mata yana da yawa. Castration na iya nufin magani zuwa Oophorectomy a cikin mata mutane da dabbobi.

Ana iya amfani da kalmar *castration* a wasu lokuta don komawa ga emasculation inda aka cire duka testicles da azzakari tare. A wasu al'adu,*da kuma* a wasu fassarori, babu bambanci tsakanin su biyu.

## Tarihi

Castration na iya tasowa a lokacin Neolithic don mayar da martani ga kiwon dabbobi, karuwar yawan jama'a da ƙwarewar yawan jama'ar.

Ko dai za a iya cirewar tiyata na duka biyu ko Castration na sinadarai a cikin yanayin Ciwon daji na prostate. Ana amfani da maganin ƙarancin Testosterone (ko dai cirewar tiyata na duka biyu ko castration na sinadarai) don rage jinkirin ciwon daji. Cirewar tiyata ɗaya ko duka biyu, wanda aka sani da orchidectomy, shine magani mafi yawanci don ciwon daji.

An kuma yi amfani da Castration a Amurka akan masu aikata laifukan jima'i a matsayin hanyar hana ɗaurin su. Zai iya rage yawan jima'i ko sha'awa ga waɗanda ke da jima'i, damuwa, ko halayyar, ko duk wani haɗuwa da waɗanda za a iya la'akari da karkatarwa.

Cutar da ba da gangan ba ta bayyana a cikin tarihin yaƙi, wani lokacin ana amfani da ita ta gefe ɗaya don azabtarwa ko lalata abokan gaba.

### Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya

A cikin ƙarni 13 na Cinikin bayi na Larabawa a Afirka, an bautar da adadi mara kyau na 'yan Afirka kuma an tura su Gabas ta Tsakiya.

"Kaliphate a Bagadaza a farkon karni na 10 yana da baƙar fata 7,000 da fararen fata 4,000 a fadarsa. "  Cinikin bayi na Larabawa yawanci ana ma'amala da sayar da bayi maza. Yaran baƙar fata a lokacin da suke da shekaru takwas zuwa goma sha biyu an yanke su gaba ɗaya. An ruwaito cewa, kimanin yara biyu daga cikin uku sun mutu, amma wadanda suka tsira sun jawo farashi mai yawa.

## Manazarta
Cilicia

**cilice** /ˈsɪlɪs/, wanda aka fi sani da sackcloth,  asalin tufafi ne ko tufafi na ciki da aka yi da zane mai laushi ko gashin dabba (gashin gashi) wanda aka sa kusa da fata. Membobin al'adun Kirista daban-daban suna amfani da shi (ciki har da Katolika, Lutheran, Anglican, Methodist, da Ikklisiyoyin Presbyterian na Scotland)  a matsayin hanyar da aka ɗora wa kansu tuba da kuma lalata nama; a matsayin kayan aikin tuba, ana yawan sawa a lokacin tuba na Kirista na Lent, musamman a ranar Ash Laraba, Jumma'a Mai Kyau, da sauran Jumma'o'i na lokacin Lenten 

## Magana
Kalmar *cilice* ta samo asali ne daga Latin , murfin da aka yi da gashin awaki daga Cilicia, lardin Romawa a kudu maso gabashin Asiya Ƙananan. Amfani na farko na Littafi Mai-Tsarki na wannan ainihin kalma yana cikin fassarar Vulgate (Latin) na Zabura 35:13, "Ego autem, cum mihi molesti essent, induebar cilicio. " ("Amma kamar yadda a gare ni, lokacin da suke rashin lafiya, tufafina sun kasance sackcloth" a cikin King James Bible). An fassara kalmar a matsayin *gashin gashi* a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki na Douay-Rheims, kuma a matsayin *jakar jakar* a cikin King James Bible da Littafin Addu'a ta Jama'a. Sackcloth kuma na iya nufin burlap, ko kuma an haɗa shi azaman alama ce ta makoki, wani nau'i na gashin gashi.

## Amfani da shi

Akwai wasu shaidu, bisa ga nazarin tufafin da aka wakilta a cikin fasaha da kuma adana alamun fata a Çatalhöyük a Turkiyya, cewa amfani da cilice ya riga ya wuce tarihin rubuce-rubuce. Wannan binciken an nuna shi a Göbekli Tepe, wani shafin Anatolian, yana nuna yaduwar masana'antar cilices. Ian Hodder ya yi jayayya cewa "tufafi na raunin kai wani muhimmin bangare ne na rikice-rikice na al'adun Catalhöyük, wanda ke wakiltar 'tsarkakewa' da 'haskewa'. 

A lokutan Littafi Mai-Tsarki, al'adar Yahudawa ce a sa rigar gashi (takalma) lokacin da ake " makoki ko a cikin nuna tuba ga zunubi" (Farawa 37:34,  2 Sama'ila 3:31,  Esther 4:1).  A cikin Sabon Alkawari, Yahaya Maibaftisma ya sa "tufafin gashin raƙumi" a matsayin hanyar tuba (Matiyu 3:4).   Saboda haka, masu bin addinan Kirista da yawa sun sa jakar don tuba, lalata nama ko kuma a matsayin tuba, musamman ga zunubai da suka shafi yin ado da kansu (cf. 1 Bitrus 3:3,  1 Timothawus 2:9). 

## A cikin shahararrun al'adu
A cikin littafin tarihi na Thomas Pynchon na 1997 bayan zamani *[[Mason & Dixon]]*, lokacin da ya isa kwalejin Jesuit a Quebec, halin Eliza Fields yana sanye da ciyayi ta nuns a matsayin hukunci na sadomasochistic bayan da ta yarda da jin sha'awar jima'i a lokacin da gungun 'yan asalin Amurka suka kama ta.  Siffar spiked na cilice, wanda aka ƙera daga furen fure, cewa abubuwan halayen Pynchon sun bayyana sun dogara ne akan waɗanda karni na 20 Opus Dei yayi amfani da su. An fassara cilce a matsayin na'urar ba da labari da gangan don ɓata daidaiton tarihin littafin da kuma nuni ga dacewar bautar tarihi a Amurka ta zamani. 

## Manazarta
Canjin yanayi a Yankin Arewa maso Yamma

Sauyin yanayi a Nunavut yana shafar yanayi daban-daban da masana'antu.

## Tushen gas na Greenhouse
Tsakanin 2005 zuwa 2021, fitar da iskar gas a kowace shekara ya ragu da kashi 16%. 

## Tasirin sauyin yanayi

### Kankara tafki
Narkewar tafkin kankara ya sanya tafiya zuwa Délı̨nę da wahala. 

## Martani

### Manufofi
A shekarar 2024, gwamnatin shiyyar Arewa maso Yamma ba ta da wani kuduri na kaiwa ga fitar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli nan da shekarar 2050, amma ta bayyana cewa hakan na bukatar taimako daga gwamnatin tarayya. 

A cikin 2024, gwamnatin yankin Arewa maso Yamma ta fara sa ido kan wuraren binciken kayan tarihi da sauyin yanayi ya shafa.  A cikin 2024, Sahtu Renewable Resources Board ya fara sa ido kan yadda canjin yanayi ya shafi al'ummar Caribou ta hanyar najasa. 

Yanayin bushewa ya sa Hukumar Wutar Lantarki ta Arewa maso Yamma ta nemi a rage mafi ƙarancin matakin da za ta iya dibar ruwa daga babban tafki na Big Spruce. 

A cikin 2023, Ƙungiyar Al'umma ta NWT ta bayyana tsarin sauyin yanayi a cikin al'ummomin NWT a matsayin yanki.  Ayyukan yanayi na NWT sun haifar da tanadi daga mazauna, al'ummomi, kasuwanci da gwamnati da kanta na fiye da $ 12,000,000 a lokacin 2023. 

## Manazarta
Yankin Norman Bethune

**Norman Bethune Square** ( French   ) ƙaramin fili ne na birni wanda ke cikin Downtown Montreal a mahadar arewa maso yamma na Guy Street da De Maisonneuve Boulevard West . Tana kusa da harabar Sir George Williams na Jami'ar Concordia kuma tana gaban tashar metro ta Guy-Concordia . Babban fasalin filin shine mutum-mutumi na Dokta Norman Bethune, da bishiyoyi, hasken wuta, benci da kuma shimfidar hanya.

## Norman Bethune
An ƙaddamar da shi a kan Maris 23, 1976, Norman Bethune Square ana kiransa bayan Norman Bethune (1890-1939), likitan Kanada daga Montreal . Ko da yake an haife shi a Gravenhurst, Ontario kuma ya mutu a kasar Sin, Bethune ya zauna a Montreal na tsawon shekaru takwas, daga 1928 zuwa 1936. A lokacin zamansa a Montreal ne ya zama sanannen likitan likitancin thoracic, ra'ayoyinsa na gurguzu da kuma yakinin ya dauki siffar, wanda ya jagoranci shi ga sadaukarwa mai zurfi ga zamantakewa da zamantakewar jama'a ciki har da shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Kanada .

Yayin da yake zaune a cikin birni, Bethune ya ƙirƙira wasu kayan aikin likitanci da yawa don yaƙi da tarin fuka . A lokacin Babban Mawuyacin Hali, Bethune ya yi aiki tare da Lea Roback da sauransu don buɗe asibitin jama'a ga marasa aikin yi da matalauta a matsayin ƙungiya ta giciye-Canada na ba da shawararsa don maganin zamantakewar jama'a ko kula da lafiyar jama'a . Bayan shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Kanada, ya tafi Spain a matsayin wani ɓangare na Brigades na kasa da kasa inda ya kirkiro daya daga cikin na farko da aka yi amfani da kwayar cutar ta wayar salula a lokacin yakin basasar Spain . Bethune ya koma Montreal don yin kamfen na Republican Spain kafin ya tafi China . A tsakanin shekarar 1938 zuwa 1939, a jajibirin yakin duniya na biyu, Bethune ya yi tafiya tare da Red Army na Ma'aikatan Sinawa da na Ma'aikata na kasar Sin, inda daga karshe ya kamu da cutar guba ta jini, kuma ya mutu a kasar Sin. Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin ta ba da gunkin Norman Bethune ga birnin Montreal . 

## Sake tsarawa
A daidai lokacin da ake bikin cika shekaru 70 da shiga tsakanin Bethune a yakin duniya na biyu a kasar Sin, birnin Montreal ya gudanar da wani gagarumin aikin gyara dandalin kan kudi dalar Amurka miliyan 3. Wurin yana ƙarƙashin manyan gyare-gyare a matsayin wani ɓangare na sake fasalin De Maisonneuve Boulevard. An buɗe sabon mutum-mutumi na Norman Bethune a ranar 14 ga Oktoba, 2008. An kammala dandalin a cikin 2009. 

## Gallery

Fayil:Norman_Bethune_(original).JPG
Fayil:Norman_bethune.jpg
Fayil:Norman_Bethune_Square.jpg


## Manazarta
Yankewa (horo)

**Yankewa** shine cire kunnuwa mutum a matsayin aikin azabtarwa na jiki. An yi shi tare da pillorying ko immobilization a cikin hannun jari,   kuma wani lokacin tare da azabtarwa kamar alama ko tarar. An bayyana hukuncin a cikin littafin Victor Hugo mai suna The Hunchback of Notre-Dame . 

## Bayyanawa
Yankewa wani lokaci ya faru ne a matsayin hukunci mai zaman kansa (kamar William Prynne don tsegumi na tayar da kayar baya),  inda za a yanke kunnuwan masu laifi da takobi. Yankewa kuma wani hukunci ne na biyu ga samun kunnuwan masu laifi a kafa a kan pilory (tare da niyyar cewa motsi na jikinsu zai tsage su).  A shekara ta 1538 Thomas Barrie ya kwashe rana ɗaya tare da kunnuwansa da aka kafa a Newbury, Ingila, kafin a yanke su don sake shi.

## Tarihi
An ambaci yankan a cikin Dokar Assuriya ta dā da Dokar Babila ta Hammurabi .

Girbi ya kasance mai wuya a Ingila, amma ya fi yawa a Guernsey. Shahararrun shari'o'in amfanin gona a Ingila sun haɗa da Thomas Barrie a cikin 1538, wanda aka ce ya mutu daga firgici bayan amfanin gonarsa, da John Bastwick, William Prynne, da Henry Burton a cikin 1637. A cikin karni na 16, Henry na takwas ya yi gyare-gyare ga dokokin da suka shafi yawo zuwa ba da umarnin cewa za a hukunta laifuka na farko da kwana uku a cikin hannun jari, laifuka ta biyu tare da girbi, da laifuka da na uku tare da ratayewa.

Rubuce-rubuce sun nuna cewa amfanin gona ya faru ne a Amurka a ƙarshen karni na 18, musamman a jihohi kamar Pennsylvania  da Tennessee. 

Daga shafi na 153 na Babban *Tarihin Connecticut* na Reverend Samuel Peters, wanda aka rubuta a lokacin mulkin mallaka, akwai wannan labarin:

A Rhode Island, amfanin gona horo ne ga laifuka kamar yin ƙarya, ƙarya, da "ƙone gidaje, ɗakunan ajiya, da gine-gine" (amma ba su kai ga ƙonewa ba).  An soke shuka (tare da pillory da stocks) a Tennessee a cikin 1829, tare da kawar da shi daga kusa da 1839.

American Notes, wani aikin da Charles Dickens ya rubuta a 1842, ya bayyana yadda ake amfani da kunnuwan bayi da ke tserewa a matsayin ganewa bayan kamawa.

## Dubi kuma

* Yankewa (dabba) 

## Manazarta
Hukuncin jiki a Taiwan

An haramta azabtar da jiki a cikin tsarin hukunci da ilimi na **[[Taiwan|Jamhuriyar Sin]] ([[Taiwan]]) **, amma babu dokoki da ke hana amfani da shi a gida. Koyaya, tun daga ranar 22 ga Maris 2023, akwai wani gyare-gyare na Mataki na 1085 na Dokar Jama'a wanda zai iya yin wasu nau'ikan azabtarwa a cikin gida ba bisa ka'ida ba idan ya fara aiki.

## Tsarin ilimi
An dakatar da azabtar da jiki a cikin tsarin ilimi a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2006 ta hanyar gyare-gyare ga Dokar Ilimi ta Kasa  wanda ya fara aiki a watan Janairun shekara ta 2007. Hanawar ta shafi dukkan cibiyoyin ilimi, gami da makarantun gwamnati da masu zaman kansu da makarantun yara, jami'o'i da duk nau'ikan makarantun "cram".

Gyaran ya biyo bayan shekaru na kamfen da kungiyoyin kare hakkin yara kamar su Gidauniyar Ilimi ta Dan Adam, da kuma jajircewar gwamnati a watan Agustan 2005 don yin aiki don kawar da duk hukuncin jiki a cikin ilimin jama'a. Gudanar da gyare-gyaren kuma muhawara ce ta jama'a da ta haifar da shari'ar azabtar da jiki a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2005 wanda ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai. Shari'ar ta shafi malami akai-akai yana buga dalibi da sandar katako a hannunsa da kuma bayan baya saboda rashin yin aiki a gida.

Gyaran da ya haramta azabtar da jiki yana da goyon bayan Shugaba Chen Shui-bian da Firayim Minista Frank Hsieh kuma an zartar da shi ta hanyar da yawa a cikin Majalisar Yuan. Kuan Bi-ling, dan majalisa daga Jam'iyyar Democrat Progressive Party ya ce:

## Yaduwar

Kafin haramcin doka, azabtar da jiki ga ɗalibai na jinsi biyu ya bazu kuma ya yi daidai a cibiyoyin ilimi na Taiwan;  an yi watsi da ƙa'idodin gwamnati game da shi. Wani bincike na shekara ta 2004 ya gano cewa an yi amfani da azabtarwa a cikin kashi 93.5% na makarantu.

Duk da cewa ba bisa ka'ida ba ne tun watan Janairun 2007, wani binciken da aka gudanar a duk fadin kasar a watan Afrilu da Mayu 2007 ya gano cewa kashi 52.8% na dalibai sun bayar da rahoton karbar horo na jiki, ƙasa da na shekarun da suka gabata amma har yanzu suna da rinjaye. Koyaya, duka na jiki ko bugun ɗalibai ya ragu daga 51% a 2005 zuwa 27.3% a 2007, tare da hauhawar nau'ikan azabtarwa na jiki, kamar tilasta su tsaya na dogon lokaci, wanda ya karu daga 9.7% a 2005 zuwa 35% a 2007. 

## Tsarin hukunci
Hukuncin jiki ba bisa ka'ida ba ne a matsayin matakin horo a cibiyoyin azabtarwa.

A cikin 1909, lokacin da Formosa (kamar yadda aka sani da Taiwan a lokacin) ya kasance wani ɓangare na Daular Japan, karamar hukuma ta gabatar da bulala ta shari'a ga 'yan asalin Formosan na kasar Sin, wanda aka aiwatar da shi da sanda. An dauki wannan hukuncin a matsayin maye gurbin ɗaurin kurkuku, kuma an yi amfani da shi ga maza masu shekaru tsakanin 16 da 60.

A cikin 1997 hukumomin Taiwan sun ce za su yi la'akari da kira don gabatar da shari'a a kan layin aiki a Singapore don hana aikata laifuka.

A watan Maris na shekara ta 2007, wani memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat Progressive Party ya yi kira ga a yi wa masu aikata laifukan jima'i,  amma Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta ki amincewa da wannan ra'ayin.

## Manazarta
Dutsen Moro

**Moro Rock** babban dutsen dutsen dutse ne a cikin Sequoia National Park, California, Amurka. Yana cikin tsakiyar wurin shakatawa, a kan Moro Creek, tsakanin Giant Forest da Crescent Meadow . Wani matakala, wanda hukumar kula da dajin ta kasa ta tsara kuma aka gina a shekarar 1931, an yanke shi a zuba a kan dutsen, ta yadda masu ziyara za su iya hawan sama. Ra'ayi daga dutsen ya ƙunshi yawancin Park, ciki har da Babban Rarraba Yammacin Yamma . An hana yin amfani da wannan hanyar a lokacin tsawa da kuma lokacin da ake yin dusar ƙanƙara.

Sunan "Moro Rock" ya samo asali ne daga blue roan mustang mai launi da Mexicans ke kira *moro*, mallakar wani Mista Swanson na Rivers uku a cikin 1860s. 

## Nishaɗi
Hanyar zuwa Moro Rock yana rufe a lokacin hunturu, don haka baƙi suna buƙatar yin tafiya mil 2 don isa wurin ra'ayi. Hanyar tana buɗewa a lokacin rani don haka ana taƙaice tafiya. Babban shirin 1996 na wurin shakatawa ya yi kira da a rufe titin zuwa Moro, kuma a maye gurbinsa da jirgin. Tun daga watan Yuni 2012, hanyar tana buɗe don zirga-zirga na gaba ɗaya kawai a cikin kwanakin mako; a karshen mako, jirgin yana gudana kuma an rufe hanyar don zirga-zirgar jama'a.  Fuskar Moro Rock ta yamma tana ba da tsattsauran ƙafa 1,000 a tsaye da ƙulli don hawan dutse . Duk da haka, an hana hawan hawan a lokacin lokacin rani na falcon a kan Fuskokin Kudu da Gabas (har zuwa Cikakken Jaket ɗin Karfe). 

## Geology
Moro Rock wani nau'in granite ne mai siffar dome. Na kowa a cikin Saliyo Nevada, waɗannan ɗakunan suna samuwa ta hanyar exfoliation, spalling ko jefawa a cikin ma'auni, faranti, ko zanen gadon dutse akan in ba haka ba granite ba tare da haɗin gwiwa ba. Fadada waje na granite yana haifar da exfoliations. Sakamakon haɓakawa daga ɗaukar nauyi; lokacin da nauyin nauyi wanda da zarar ya rufe granite ya ɓace, an cire tushen matsawa kuma granite yana faɗaɗa a hankali. Karyewar da ke tasowa a lokacin exfoliation yakan yanke sasanninta. Wannan a ƙarshe yana haifar da siffofi masu kama da kubba. 

## Matakala
Matakan farko da ke kaiwa ga taron Moro Rock an gina shi ne da itace kuma an girka shi a cikin 1917. Wannan matakala ya lalace sosai a ƙarshen 1920s, kuma an maye gurbinsa a cikin 1931 ta hanyar Moro Rock Stairway na yanzu, wanda ƙungiyar kare fararen hula ta gina.  Ba kamar matakala na farko ba, sabuwar matakala ta ɗauki tsarin ƙira na haɗawa da filaye na halitta zuwa mafi girman yiwuwar. Masanin shimfidar wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa Merel S. Sager da injiniya John Diehl ne suka tsara titin mai tsawon ƙafa 797, suna bin tudu da raƙuman ruwa. Yana da matakai 400 da ke kaiwa ga taron koli na Moro Rock.  Canje-canje tun lokacin da aka gina asali ya ɓata mutuncin ƙira. 

## Manazarta
Yin amfani da ƙira

Figging shine aikin saka wani yanki na ginger mai fata a cikin hanci na mutum don samar da mummunan ƙonewa. A tarihi wannan hanya ce ta azabtarwa, amma tun daga lokacin an karbe ta a matsayin aikin BDSM. Kalmar "figging" ta fito ne daga kalmar ƙarni na 19 "feaguing".

## Tarihi
An fara amfani da irin wannan hanyar azabtarwa ta jiki a matsayin wani nau'i na horo a kan bayi a Tsohon Girka da ake kira rhaphanidosis . An hana wanda aka tsare zuwa digiri daban-daban don ƙuntata motsi yayin da jin dadi ya karu daga rashin jin daɗi zuwa matsananci.

## Hanyar da ake amfani da ita
Ginger, wanda yake fata kuma sau da yawa ana sassaka shi cikin siffar toshe, yana haifar da zafi mai zafi.  Yana ɗaukar lokaci kafin tasirin ya fara, bayan haka yana ginawa a hankali kuma yana ɗaukar kusan mintuna ashirin kafin ya ragu cikin sauri.  Ginger, bayan amfani da shi, za a iya kara fata kuma a yi amfani da shi don tsawaita gwaninta, ko za a iya amfani da ginger sabo; kowane aikace-aikacen tushen ginger yana wartsake tsawon lokacin jin daɗi a cikin batun.

Idan mutumin da aka ƙayyade ya ƙuntata tsokoki na anus, jin ya zama mafi tsanani. Saboda wannan dalili ana amfani da shi a wasu lokuta a cikin caning don hukunta clenching na buttocks. Dole ne batun ya zaɓi tsakanin ƙarfafawa don yajin aiki, sakamakon karuwar ƙonewa, ko shakatawa da ƙafar hannu da ɗaukar cikakken ƙarfin bugun.

## Dubi kuma

* Yin amfani da da dawakai
* Kalmomin BDSM
* Rhaphanidosis
* Jinƙai

## Ƙarin karantawa

* Lady Green (1998). Kinkycrafts: 99 Yi-Kai-Kai S / M Toys don Kinky Handyperson. Shafuffuka 206

## Manazarta
Albarkatun Dan Adam don Lafiya

Human Resources for Health wata mujallar kiwon lafiya ce ta jama'a da An sake dubawa wanda ke buga bincike na asali da nazarin shari'a kan batutuwan bayani, tsarawa, samarwa, gudanarwa, da shugabancin Ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya, da alakar su da isar da kiwon lafiya da sakamakon kiwon lafiya. 

An kafa mujallar ne a shekarar 1997 a matsayin *Jaridar Ci Gaban Albarkatun Dan Adam* da Cibiyar Ci gaban Ma'aikatan Lafiya ta Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Thailand ta buga.  Tun daga shekara ta 2003, BioMed Central ne ke buga shi tare da hadin gwiwar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO).

## Abstracting da indexing
An ƙaddamar da mujallar kuma an tsara ta a cikin PubMed, Social Sciences Citation Index, abubuwan da ke cikin yanzu, Scopus, CINAHL da 10 sauran sabis na ƙididdiga. 

Muhimmancin mujallar a shekarar 2022 ya kasance 4.5 kuma Citescore ya kasance 6.6.

## Abinda ke ciki
Jaridar a wasu lokuta tana buga tarin jigogi. A cikin shekara ta 2007, mujallar ta ba da kira ga takardu tare da wasu mujallu 17 na kiwon lafiya na jama'a a ƙarƙashin taken "Zuwa ga haɓaka horo da ilimi ga ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya". An buga labarai ashirin da biyu a cikin Human Resources for Health a kan wannan taken na musamman tsakanin Yuli 2008 da Nuwamba 2009.  A cikin 2013, mujallar ta ba da kira ga takardu a kan taken "Lokacin da ya dace, Wuri da ya dace: Inganta damar samun sabis na kiwon lafiya ta hanyar riƙewa da rarraba ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya".

A cikin 2016, mujallar ta buga ƙarin tarin shaidar bincike game da dacewa da tasirin Dokokin Ayyuka na Duniya na WHO akan Ma'aikatan Lafiya na Duniya.

A watan Yuni na 2019, mujallar ta ƙaddamar da tarin bincike don tallafawa shawarwarin da aka ba da shaida kan inganta daidaiton jinsi a cikin manufofin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da tsarawa Jerin na musamman ya haɗa da labaran bincike guda 16 waɗanda ke haɓaka amfani da ƙididdiga masu ƙima da ƙididdiga da hanyoyin ta hanyar ruwan tabarau na daidaito tsakanin jinsi a cikin mahallin ƙasa daban-daban.