Tom Cruise

**Thomas Cruise Mapother IV,** (an haife shi a watan Yuli 3,  shekara ta 1962)ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma ɗan Amurka. Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin tauraron Hollywood,    ya sami yabo daban-daban, ciki har da lambar yabo ta Honorary Palme d'Or da lambar yabo ta Golden Globe guda uku, baya ga nadin nadi na Academy guda hudu. Fina-finansa sun samu sama da  a duk duniya,  sun sanya shi cikin manyan jaruman da suka fi samun kudi a kowane lokaci.  Daya daga cikin fitattun taurarin Hollywood, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na duniya da ake biyan su albashi . 

Cruise ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a farkon shekarun 1980 kuma ya sami ci gaba tare da manyan matsayi a cikin Risky Business (1983) da Top Gun (1986). Ya sami yabo mai mahimmanci ya zo ne tare da rawar da ya taka a cikin wasan kwaikwayo The Color of Money (1986), Rain Man (1988), da Born on the Fourth of July (1989). Don hotonsa na Ron Kovic a cikin ƙarshen, ya lashe lambar yabo ta Golden Globe kuma ya sami gabatarwa don Kyautar Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Actor. A matsayinsa na babban tauraron Hollywood a cikin shekarun 1990, ya fito a fina-finai masu cin nasara a kasuwanci, gami da wasan kwaikwayo A Few Good Men (1992), mai ban tsoro The Firm (1993), fim mai ban tsoro Interview with the Vampire (1994), da kuma soyayya *Jerry Maguire* (1996). Ga karshen, ya lashe lambar yabo ta Golden Globe don Mafi kyawun Actor. Ayyukan Cruise a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na *Magnolia* (1999) ya ba shi wani lambar yabo ta Golden Globe da kuma gabatarwa don Kyautar Kwalejin don Mafi Kyawun Mai Taimako.

Cruise daga baya ya kafa kansa a matsayin tauraron fiction kimiyya da fina-finai masu aiki, sau da yawa yana yin nasa haɗari. Ya taka rawar wakilin almara Ethan Hunt a cikin Mission: Impossible film series tun a shekarar 1996. Sauran fina-finai a cikin jinsi sun hada da *Vanilla Sky* (2001), Minority Report (2002), The Last Samurai (2003), Collateral (2004), War of the Worlds (2005), Knight and Day (2010), *Jack Reacher* (2012), Oblivion (2013), Edge of Tomorrow (2014), da Top Gun: Maverick (2022). Ya fara zama darektan a 1993 tare da wani labari na jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Fallen Angels .

Cruise ta sami tauraro a kan Hollywood Walk of Fame a shekarar 1986. Yana riƙe da Guinness World Record don fina-finai masu tara dala miliyan 100 a jere, wani abin da aka samu a lokacin 2012 zuwa 2018. *Forbes* ya sanya shi a matsayin shahararren duniya mafi iko a shekara ta 2006.  An ba shi suna People's Sexiest Man Alive a cikin 1990,  kuma ya sami babban girmamawa na "Mafi Kyawun Mutane" a cikin 1997.  A waje da aikin fim dinsa, Cruise ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga Ikilisiyar Scientology.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Cruise a ranar 3 ga Yulin shekarar 1962, a Syracuse, New York,  ga injiniyan lantarki Thomas Cruise Mapother III (1934-1984) da kuma malamin ilimi na musamman Mary Lee (née Pfeiffer; 1936-2017).  Iyayensa duka sun fito ne daga Louisville, Kentucky,  kuma suna da asalin Ingilishi, Jamusanci, da Irish.   Cruise tana da 'yan'uwa mata uku masu suna Lee Anne, Marian, da Cass. Ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwansa, William Mapother, shi ma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne wanda ya bayyana tare da Cruise a fina-finai biyar.

Cruise ya girma a cikin kusan talauci kuma yana da girma a matsayin Katolika. Daga baya ya bayyana mahaifinsa a matsayin "mai siyar da rikici",  "mai zalunci", kuma "mai tsoro" wanda ya doke 'ya'yansa. Ya yi bayani dalla-dalla, "[Mahaifinsa] shine irin mutumin da, idan wani abu ya yi kuskure, sai su kori ka. Babban darasi ne a rayuwata - yadda zai kwantar da kai, sa ka ji lafiya sannan, bang! A gare ni, kamar, 'Akwai wani abu mara kyau tare da wannan mutumin. Kada ka amince da shi. Ku yi hankali a kusa da shi.'"  Mahaifin Cruise na halitta ya mutu daga ciwon daji a shekarar 1984.

Gabaɗaya, Cruise ta halarci makarantu goma sha biyar a cikin shekaru goma sha huɗu. Cruise ya shafe wani bangare na yarantakarsa a Kanada; lokacin da mahaifinsa ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan tsaro tare da Sojojin Kanada, iyalinsa sun koma ƙarshen 1971 zuwa Beacon Hill, Ottawa. Ya halarci sabuwar Makarantar Jama'a ta Robert Hopkins don karatun sa na huɗu da na biyar. Ya fara shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo a aji na huɗu, a ƙarƙashin malamin wasan kwaikwayo George Steinburg . Shi da wasu yara maza shida sun yi wasa da kiɗa da ake kira *IT* a bikin wasan kwaikwayo na makarantar firamare ta Carleton. Mai shirya wasan kwaikwayo Val Wright ya kasance a cikin masu sauraro kuma daga baya ya ce "motsi da ingantawa sun kasance masu kyau ... wani yanki na gargajiya".

A aji na shida, Cruise ya tafi Henry Munro Middle School a Ottawa. A wannan shekarar, mahaifiyarsa ta bar mahaifinsa, ta dauki Cruise da 'yan uwansa mata zuwa Amurka. A shekara ta 1978, ta auri Jack South. Cruise ya ɗauki tallafin karatun cocin Katolika a takaice kuma ya halarci St. Francis Seminary a Cincinnati; ya yi burin zama firist na Franciscan kafin ya bar bayan shekara guda. Firistoci a makarantar firamare sun ce Cruise ya zaɓi barin makarantar lokacin da iyalinsa suka sake komawa; duk da haka, wani tsohon abokin aji ya ce an nemi su duka biyu su tafi bayan an kama su suna shan giya.: 24-26 A cikin babban shekarunsa na makarantar sakandare, ya buga kwallon kafa ga ƙungiyar varsity a matsayin linebacker, amma an yanke shi daga tawagar bayan an kama shi yana shan giya kafin wasan.: 47 Ya luma ci gaba da fitowa a cikin samar da makarantar Guys and Dolls. A shekara ta 1980, ya kammala karatu daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Glen Ridge a Glen Ridge, New Jersey . 

## Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo

### 1980s: Ci gaba da kuma shahara
A lokacin da yake da shekaru 18,  tare da albarkar mahaifiyarsa da mahaifinsa, Cruise ya koma Birnin New York don neman aikin wasan kwaikwayo.  Bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin Busboy a New York, ya tafi Los Angeles don gwadawa don rawar talabijin. Ya sanya hannu tare da CAA kuma ya fara yin fim. Ya fara fim dinsa a wani bangare a fim din 1981 Endless Love, wanda ya biyo bayan babban rawar da ya taka a matsayin dalibi na makarantar soja a *Taps* daga baya a wannan shekarar. Cruise da farko ya kamata ya bayyana a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo na baya amma an faɗaɗa matsayinsa bayan ya burge darektan Harold Becker .  A shekara ta 1983, Cruise ya kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar Francis Ford Coppola ta The Outsiders . A wannan shekarar ya bayyana a cikin All the Right Moves and Risky Business, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "A Generation X classic, and a career maker for Tom Cruise. "  Ya kuma taka rawar namiji a cikin fim din Ridley Scott Legend, wanda aka saki a shekarar 1985.  A shekara ta 1986 ta Top Gun, an tabbatar da matsayinsa na superstar.

Cruise ya biyo bayan Top Gun tare da Martin Scorsese's The Color of Money (1986), wanda ya fito a wannan shekarar, kuma wanda ya haɗa shi da Paul Newman. Kimiyyarsu ta sami yabo daga cikin masu sukar tare da The Washington Post rubuta, "Daya daga cikin nasarorin da aka samu na wasan kwaikwayon Cruise da Newman shine cewa kuna jin cewa dukansu biyu masu tsalle-tsalle ne na gaske". A shekara ta 1988, Cruise ta fito a Cocktail, fim din da ya kasance nasarar ofishin jakadancin amma ya kasa tare da masu sukar. Ayyukansa sun ba shi gabatarwa don Kyautar Razzie don Mafi Girma Actor . Daga baya a wannan shekarar ya fito tare da Dustin Hoffman a cikin Barry Levinson's Rain Man, wanda ya lashe Kyautar Kwalejin don Fim mafi kyau.

A shekara ta 1989, Cruise ya nuna ainihin rayuwar da ya gurgunta a Vietnam War veteran Ron Kovic a cikin Oliver Stone's war epic Born on the Fourth of July . Mai sukar fina-finai Roger Ebert na *Chicago Sun-Times* ya rubuta, "Babu wani abu da Cruise ya yi zai shirya ka don abin da ya yi a Born on the Fourth of July ... Ayyukansa suna da kyau sosai har fim din ya rayu ta hanyarsa. Stone yana iya yin sanarwa tare da fuskar Cruise da murya kuma ba ya buƙatar sanya komai a cikin tattaunawar. "  Ayyukan ya ba shi lambar yabo ta Golden Globe don Mafi kyawun Actor - Motion Picture Drama, lambar yabo ta Chicago Film Critics Association don Mafi kyawun Mai ba da Kyawun Actor, Kyawun Aikin Motion Movie Lector na BAFTA, Kyawun Moctor na farko.&nbsp;

### 1990s: Matsayi mai ban mamaki
Fim din Cruise na gaba shine Days of Thunder (1990) da Far and Away (1992), dukansu biyu sun hada da matarsa Nicole Kidman a matsayin sha'awar soyayya, sannan kuma ya biyo bayan wasan kwaikwayo na shari'a The Firm, wanda ya kasance mai mahimmanci da cin nasara. A shekara ta 1994, Cruise ta fito tare da Brad Pitt, Antonio Banderas da Christian Slater a cikin Neil Jordan's Interview with the Vampire, fim din wasan kwaikwayo / mai ban tsoro wanda ya dogara da littafin Anne Rice mafi kyawun sayarwa. An karɓi fim ɗin da kyau, kodayake Rice da farko ta kasance mai faɗi a cikin zarginta game da Cruise da aka jefa a cikin fim ɗin, kamar yadda Julian Sands shine zaɓinta na farko. Bayan ganin fim din, duk da haka, ta biya $ 7,740 (daidai da $ 15,911 a 2023) don tallan shafi biyu a cikin Daily Variety yana yabon aikinsa da neman gafara saboda shakku da ta yi a baya game da shi.

A shekara ta 1996, Cruise ya fito a matsayin dan leƙen asiri Ethan Hunt a cikin sake farawa na Mission: Impossible, wanda shi ma ya samar. Brian De Palma ne ya ba da umarnin fim din kuma ya kasance nasarar ofishin jakadancin. Mai sukar fina-finai Stephen Holden na The New York Times ya yaba da aikin Cruise, yana mai bayyana cewa "Tom Cruise ya sami cikakkiyar halayyar jarumi wanda zai sanya mutuntakarsa ba tare da numfashi ba. "  A wannan shekarar, Cruise ya ɗauki matsayi a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na wasanni na Cameron Crowe *Jerry Maguire* yana wasa da wakilin wasanni don neman soyayya. Fim din ya kasance babbar nasara ta kudi wanda ya kai sama da dala miliyan 273 a duk duniya a kan kasafin kudin dala miliyan 50.

A cikin 1999, Cruise ta yi aiki tare da Kidman a cikin fim din Stanley Kubrick mai suna Eyes Wide Shut . Peter Bradshaw na *[[The Guardian]]* ya yaba da Cruise da Kidman a kan wasan kwaikwayon su a rubuce, "Cruise musamman ya buɗe kansa a cikin wannan hanyar da ya yi ƙoƙari ya yi komai a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo". A wannan shekarar ya ɗauki rawar goyon baya mai ban mamaki, a matsayin mai magana mai motsawa, Frank T.J. Mackey, a cikin Paul Thomas Anderson's *Magnolia* (1999). Mai sukar fina-finai na Rolling Stone Peter Travers ya yaba da rubuce-rubucen Cruise, "Cruise wahayi ne, ya cancanci ruwan sama na superlatives da ke zuwa hanyarsa ... Cruise yana nunawa tare da makamashi mai rikitarwa na dabba mai rauni - yana da mummunar lalacewa. "  Don aikinsa ya sami wani Golden Globe da gabatarwa don Kyautar Kwalejin.&nbsp;

### 2000s: An kafa aikin
A shekara ta 2000, Cruise ya dawo a matsayin Ethan Hunt a kashi na biyu na fina-finai na Mission Impossible, Mission: Impossible 2. Darakta na Hong Kong John Woo ne ya jagoranci fim din kuma an sanya shi da salon fu na bindiga; ya ci gaba da nasarar jerin a ofishin akwatin, yana karɓar dala miliyan 547 a duk duniya. Ba kamar wanda ya riga shi ba, shi ne fim mafi girma na shekara, amma yana da karɓar karɓa mai mahimmanci. Cruise ya sami lambar yabo ta MTV Movie Award don Mafi kyawun Maza don fim din.

Fim dinsa guda biyar na gaba sun kasance manyan nasarorin kasuwanci. A shekara mai zuwa, Cruise ta fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa *Vanilla Sky* (2001) tare da Cameron Diaz da Penelope Cruz . A shekara ta 2002, Cruise ta fito a cikin fim din fiction na kimiyya mai suna Minority Report, wanda Steven Spielberg ya jagoranta kuma ya dogara da gajeren labarin Philip K. Dick. Tun daga wannan lokacin an haɗa shi a cikin jerin fina-finai na fiction na kimiyya mafi girma a kowane lokaci.