JBS Amurka

**JBS S.A. Holdings, Inc.** kamfani ne na sarrafa nama kuma cikakken mallakar reshe ne na JBS SA na Brazil. An kirkiro reshe ne lokacin da JBS ta shiga kasuwar Amurka a 2007 tare da sayen Swift & Company.

JBS USA tana zaune ne a Greeley, Colorado .  Masu fafatawa sun hada da Hormel Foods, Cargill, Smithfield Foods, National Beef, da Tyson Foods.

## Tarihi

### Swift & Kamfanin

Za'a iya gano ayyukan Swift & Company zuwa 1855, lokacin da Gustavus Franklin Swift mai shekaru 16 ya kafa aikin yanka a Eastham, Massachusetts.[1] Asalinsa na farko a Cape Cod ya haifar da wurare a Brighton (a Massachusetts), da Albany, da Buffalo, New York. A shekara ta 1875, an kafa Swift da Kamfanin a Birnin Chicago. Swift da Armour da Kamfanin sun sami kashi biyu bisa uku na iko a cikin Fort Worth Stockyards a cikin 1902.[2] A wannan shekarar, an shigar da karar adawa da Swift saboda yin makirci tare da wasu kamfanoni don sarrafa masana'antar nama. Kamfanonin sun yi ƙoƙari su haɗu don kauce wa karar, wanda ya haifar da shari'ar Kotun Koli ta 1905 na Swift & Co. v. Amurka.

A cikin shekarun 1920 Swift da Kamfanin suna gudanar da masana'antar sarrafa nama mafi girma kuma mafi zamani a Kudancin St Paul, Minnesota. Manufar wannan shuka ita ce yanka da kuma sarrafa shanu, aladu, da tumaki. Masu sayen kamfanin ne suka sayi waɗannan dabbobi a kusa da St. Paul Union Stockyards. An kori dabbobin da ke raye a kan ramuka na sama zuwa bene na kisa. Swift ya sarrafa sabo, hayaki, shirye-shiryen tebur, nama, kamar Prem, da abinci na jariri, tare da sabulu, man shanu, gajarta, adhesives, sunadarai, magunguna, taki, fata da abincin dabbobi. An dakatar da ayyukan a Kudancin St. Paul Plant daga ranar 29 ga Nuwamba, 1969.

Baya ga nama, Swift ta sayar da kayan madara da kayan masarufi daban-daban, gami da gajarta Swiftning, Allsweet margarine, Brookfield butter, cuku a ƙarƙashin Brookfield, Pauly, da Treasure Cave, da Peter Pan peanut butter. Swift ta fara sayar da turkeys masu daskarewa a karkashin alamar Butterball a shekara ta 1954. Gustavus Swift ya kuma goyi bayan motar jirgin kasa mai sanyaya.

Esmark ya bar kasuwancin man fetur a cikin 1980, yana sayar da Vickers Petroleum ga Mobil, yayin da aka cire kasuwancin nama na Swift a matsayin kamfani daban, Swift Independent Packing Company (SIPCO), a wannan shekarar. Esmark ya ci gaba da sayen Norton Simon Inc. a 1983 kafin Beatrice Foods ta sayi shi a shekara mai zuwa. ConAgra ta sayi kashi 50% na SIPCO a 1987 kuma sauran sashi a 1989, a wannan shekarar ConAgra ya sayi Beatrice Foods. ConAgra ta haɗu da ayyukan SIPCO tare da na Monfort, mai sayar da nama da ta saya a 1987, kuma an sake sunan rukunin Swift & Company a 1995.

A shekara ta 2002, ConAgra ta sayar da mafi yawan hannun jari a cikin Swift & Company ga Hicks, Muse, Tate &amp;amp; Furst, wani kamfani mai zaman kansa na Dallas, da Booth Creek Management .  Hicks, Muse ya sayi ragowar hannun jarin ConAgra a shekara ta 2004.

### Sayen da JBS

A ranar 12 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2007, JBS SA ta sayi Swift & Company don dala biliyan 1.5 a cikin ma'amala ta kudi, ta kirkiro JBS Swift Group kuma ta sanya shi a matsayin mafi girman mai sarrafa nama a duniya. Kafin yarjejeniyar, JBS tana aiki da shuke-shuke 23 a Brazil da biyar a Argentina. A matsayin wani ɓangare na ma'amala, kamfanonin Swift sun gudanar da jerin tayin tayin da neman izini don sake fasalin bashin da ke akwai.

A cikin shekara ta 2009, JBS USA Holdings ta gabatar da sanarwa tare da SEC game da niyyarta ta kwantar da IPO, ta lissafa rassa 38. Koyaya, an janye tayin bayan BDO Seidman LLP, ɗaya daga cikin kamfanonin lissafi da ke da hannu, ya gabatar da sanarwa tare da SEC cewa an gabatar da maganganun da ba a bincika su ba tare da amincewarsa ba.

A ranar 18 ga Oktoba, 2012, JBS USA ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta ɗauki gudanarwa ta wucin gadi na masana'antar sarrafa naman sa ta XL Foods a Brooks, Alberta, a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar kwanaki 60 wanda ya haɗa da zaɓi na sayen musamman don ayyukan XL Foods na Amurka da Kanada. An kammala sayen a watan Janairun 2013 kuma ya haɗa da kayan aikin Brooks, shuka ta nama ta biyu a Calgary, da kuma feedyard. A watan Yulin 2015, JBS USA ta sayi kasuwancin sarrafa naman alade na Amurka na Cargill Meat Solutions don dala biliyan 1.45.

A watan Mayu 2021, JBS SA ita ce manufa ta wani hari na cyberomware wanda ya rushe ayyukan sarrafa nama a duk faɗin Amurka. JBS ta biya masu fashin kwamfuta kudin fansa na dala miliyan 11 a Bitcoin.

## Batutuwan shari'a da na ka'idoji
A ranar 2 ga Disamba, 2010, JBS ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta yi amfani da Arrowsight, kamfanin binciken bidiyo mai nisa, don saka idanu kan tsabtace tsabta don hana gurɓataccen giciye yayin sarrafawa. Suna kuma amfani da Arrowsight don saka idanu kan shanu masu rai don ayyukan jin dadin dabbobi masu kyau. Wadannan shirye-shiryen sun nuna babban nasara.

A watan Yulin 2018, hotunan da aka ɓoye daga mai samar da kaya na Kentucky ya nuna cewa ma'aikata suna cin zarafin aladu, kuma har yanzu ana amfani da akwatunan daukar ciki.

A watan Agustan 2024, USDA ta gano cewa JBS tana amfani da maganin rigakafi na mutum a cikin naman sa da aka lakafta ba tare da maganin rigakawa ba.

### Ka'idodin muhalli
A cikin 2019, Cibiyar Biological Diversity da Food & Water Watch ta shigar da kara a kan JBS, tana mai da'awar cewa tana keta Dokar Ruwa Mai Tsabtace na tsawon shekaru biyar ta hanyar zubar da sharar gida a cikin kogin Colorado. A cikin 2020, JBS ta nemi ta watsar da karar, amma kotun gundumar tarayya ta toshe ta.

A watan Maris na 2021, biyo bayan shaidar da aka samu daga dan jarida mai bincike Dom Phillips wanda ya danganta JBS da sare daji ba bisa ka'ida ba na gandun daji na Amazon, JBS ya yi alkawarin kawar da sare daji bisa ka'idar ba daga jerin wadatarta nan da shekara ta 2030 kuma ya kai ga fitar da iskar gas mai guba a shekara ta 2040. Ita ce kamfani na farko na duniya da ya yi irin wannan sadaukarwa.

A watan Maris na shekara ta 2024, Babban Lauyan New York Letitia James ya kai karar JBS S.A. saboda keta dokokin kasuwanci na jihar game da ayyukan yaudara da tallace-tallace na ƙarya, yana zargin cewa JBS ta fara kamfen din tallan ta "Net Zero ta 2040" kafin ma gano fitar da wutar lantarki ta Scope 3 da ta fito daga cikakken jerin samar da nama. A taron Climate Week NYC na 2023, JBS SA Shugaba Gilberto Tomazoni ya yi tambaya daga mai ba da rahoto na ''New York Times'' game da ƙudurin Ofishin Kasuwanci mafi Kyau cewa tallan JBS ba shi da tushe, saboda kamfanin ba shi da takamaiman shiri don aiwatarwa akan burinsa.

A ranar 24 ga Yuni, 2009, Hukumar Kula da Tsaro da Bincike ta USDA ta ba da sanarwar cewa Kamfanin JBS Swift Beef ya tuno da kimanin    na kayan naman sa waɗanda ƙilaɓata da  O157:H7. A ranar 30 ga Yuni, tunatarwar ta haɗa da sama da  lb (191,000 kg) na naman sa. An shirya samfuran a ranar 21 da 22 ga Afrilu, 2009, kuma an tura su ga masu rarrabawa da wuraren sayar da kayayyaki a kusa da Amurka.

A ranar 22 ga watan Disamba, 2010, Hukumar Kula da Girma, Packers da Stockyards ta tantance hukuncin farar hula na $ 175,000 a kan JBS / Swift don keta Dokar Packers da Stockyards don rashin bayyana lokacin da bayanan Fat-O-Meat'er ya ɓace ya hana JBS lissafin kashi mai laushi na wani gawawwakin ko gawawwaki a cikin rukunin mai siyarwa, da kuma maye gurbin darajar da ba a bayyana ba don gawawwakinsu ba tare da bayanan da ya ɓace ba yayin lissafin biyan kuɗi a wasu shuke-darajar gawawwakilin aiki.

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2006, jami'an Shige da Fice da Kwastam na Amurka An kai hari kan wuraren sayar da nama na Swift & Company guda shida a Colorado, Nebraska, Texas, Utah, Iowa, da Minnesota, wanda ya haifar da fargabar baƙi 1,282 marasa takardar shaidar daga Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Peru, Laos, Sudan, da Habasha. Kusan 200 an tuhume su da laifi bayan bincike na watanni goma game da satar shaida.

### Ka'idodin aiki
Cibiyar JBS a Greeley, Colorado ta shiga cikin mayar da hankali ga kasa a lokacin barkewar COVID-19 lokacin da akalla ma'aikata 50 suka kamu da cutar a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 2020, kuma ma'aikata biyu sun mutu daga cutar.[1] A ranar 14 ga Afrilu, ma'aikaci na uku ya mutu. Shugaba Donald Trump ya ambaci lamarin a cikin taron White House na yau da kullun a ranar 10 ga Afrilu.[2] Dukkanin ma'aikata ya kamata a gwada su a lokacin bukukuwan Ista, tare da rufe masana'antar har zuwa 24 ga Afrilu, 2020. Koyaya, ba a gwada dukkan ma'aikata ba a lokacin Easter, kuma mai magana da yawun kamfanin JBS ya sanar da cewa za a keɓe ma'aikata.[3] An sake buɗe shuka bayan rufewar kwanaki 9.[4] Ya zuwa ranar 15 ga Afrilu, ma'aikata 102 sun kamu da cutar coronavirus kuma hudu sun mutu.[5] An kuma gano barkewar COVID-19 a wasu shuke-shuke shida na JBS, a Souderton, Pennsylvania; Plainwell, Michigan; Green Bay, Wisconsin; Cactus, Texas; Grand Island, Nebraska; da Hyrum, Utah. [6][7][8]

### Zarge-zargen daidaita farashi

### Dangantaka da gwamnatin Trump
A cikin 2019, Gwamnatin Trump ta ware dala miliyan 62.4 ga JBS USA daga asusun da aka nufa don taimakawa manoma na Amurka da Yakin kasuwanci da China ya shafa. Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka ta ba da sanarwar kwangila a wannan shekarar don siyan naman alade mai darajar dala miliyan 22.3 daga kamfanin. Sakataren Aikin Gona Sonny Perdue da Babban Lauyan Jeff Sessions sun nemi Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Amurka ta bincika yiwuwar cin hanci da rashawa. Har ila yau, akwai alamun cewa JBS ta amfana daga tashin hankali na kasuwanci tare da karuwar tallace-tallace a China. JBS ta bayyana cewa duk da kasancewa kamfani na kasashen waje, tana tallafawa manoman Amurka ta hanyar samar da damar aiki. A watan Mayu 2019, Wakilin Rosa DeLauro ya yi iƙirarin cewa Shugaba Donald Trump bai san halin da ake ciki ba. [sabuntawa da buƙatu]

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2022, Kwamitin Kula da Zaɓin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Rikicin Coronavirus ya fitar da wani rahoto wanda ya ba da cikakken bayani game da dangantakar da ke tsakanin Gwamnatin Trump da Masana'antar shirya nama a lokacin annobar COVID-19. Rahoton ya bayyana Shugaba na JBS (tare da Shugabannin Tyson da Smithfield) suna tambayar sakataren noma, Sonny Perdue, game da haɓaka buƙatar ma'aikata su kasance a wurin aiki, duk da haɗarin yin aiki a kusa a lokacin annobar.

A watan Janairun 2025, reshen JBS Pilgrim's Pride ya ba da gudummawar dala miliyan 5 ga rantsar da Donald Trump na biyu, yana mai da shi mafi girma mai ba da guduma ga asusun rantsar. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2025, Hukumar Tsaro da Musayar ta amince da jerin sunayen JBS SA a Kasuwancin Kasuwancin New York. Bayan amincewar, Sanata Elizabeth Warren ta rubuta wasika ga shugabannin JBS USA da Pilgrim's Pride suna nuna damuwa cewa kamfanin ya ba da gudummawa ga asusun rantsar da shi don samun tasiri a kan yanke shawara na gwamnatin Trump.

## Dubi kuma

## Manazarta