Norman Bluhm

**Norman Bluhm** (Maris 28, 1921 - Fabrairu 3, 1999), wani mai zane kuma Ba'amurke ne wanda aka lasafta shi azaman mai fa'ida, kuma a matsayin mai zane-zane . 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife shi a ranar 28 ga Maris, 1921, a Chicago, Illinois . Mahaifinsa Henry Bluhm na zuriyar Yahudawa ne daga Bialystok, Poland. An jera mahaifiyarsa Rosa Goldstein a cikin ƙidayar shekarar 1940 kamar yadda iyayen Rasha suka haifa tare da Rashanci a gida  Ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin Mies van der Rohe a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Armor (yanzu Illinois).  Bayan ya yi aiki a yakin duniya na biyu tare da USAAF ya ci gaba da karatun gine-gine har zuwa shekarar 1948. Bayan ya karanci fasaha a Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze, Florence, Italiya da kuma Ecole des Beaux Arts a Paris . Daga shekarar 1948 zuwa 1956 ya zauna a Paris. Yana da abokai da yawa a fannin fasaha, adabi, da sauran fannonin kere-kere. Daga cikin abokansa na kusa akwai Joan Mitchell, Sam Francis, Jean-Paul Riopelle, Zao Wou-ki da sauransu. Ya auri Claude Souvrain har zuwa 1956. Ya koma Amurka a shekarar 1956. Ya auri Carolyn Ogle a 1961. Sun zauna a birnin New York har zuwa 1969 tare da 'ya'yansu biyu, David da Nina. Daga shekarar 1970 zuwa 1980 sun zauna a Millbrook, New York. Daga 1980 zuwa 1987 sun zauna a Gabashin Hampton, New York. Bayan haka, sun zauna a Gabashin Wallingford, Vermont har zuwa mutuwar Bluhm a ranar 3 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1999.

## Art
Ayyukan Bluhm sun sami yabo sosai kuma ayyukansa suna cikin tarin manyan gidajen tarihi da yawa. Ayyukansa suna da alamun sauye-sauye masu salo yayin da ya ci gaba da kalubalantar kansa don isa sababbin fannoni na nasarorin fasaha bisa zurfin iliminsa na fasaha da tarihin fasaha, amfani da siffar ɗan adam, launi, da sha'awar rayuwa. Ko da yake salon sa ya canza sosai a kan lokaci, ya kasance mai matukar sha'awar abstraction na gestural, da ethos na Abstract Expressionism. Daga cikin ayyukansa da aka fi sani akwai jerin zane-zane na waka da aka yi tare da abokinsa nagari mawaƙa Frank O'Hara . Ba da daɗewa ba kafin Bluhm ya mutu, a cikin 1999, editan *Art a Amurka* Raphael Rubinstein ya annabta cewa ayyukan da Bluhm ya yi a cikin shekarar 1980s da 1990s a ƙarshen aikinsa zai kasance da mahimmanci ga ƙarni na 21st kamar yadda fitowar Cézanne daga baya ya kasance zuwa 20th.

## Sharhi
Ayyukan Bluhm yayin da aka gane da kuma yabo bai taba samun ma'auni na kulawa da wasu daga cikin mutanen zamaninsa, irin su Joan Mitchell da Riopelle, suke da shi ba. A wani ɓangare, wannan ya faru ne saboda rashin son Bluhm don biyan isasshe ga waɗanda ke cikin duniyar fasahar kasuwanci. Hakanan canza dandanon fasaha a cikin 60's tare da zuwan Pop Art (wanda Bluhm ya sami ƙarancin kyan gani da sha'awa) ya sanya Bluhm a cikin  mai mahimmanci.

Estate of Norman Bluhm, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Edizioni Mazotta, Milan, sun buga littafin rubutu a cikin shekarar 2000 akan Norman Bluhm tare da rubutun James Harithas, Raphael Rubinstein da Luigi Sansone. .

A cikin shekarar 2007, Gidan Tarihi na Gidan Tarihi na Art na zamani a Houston, Texas, ya shirya babban nuni a ƙarƙashin taken 'The Late Painting of Norman Bluhm' http://www.stationmuseum.com/Norman_Bluhm/bluhm.htm . The Houston Press ya ruwaito cewa *The New York artist ta panoramic zane-zane an yi su kamar tabo gilashin tagogi ko mandalas, amma siffofin a cikin su ne sexy* yayin da Garland Fielder ta review a Glasstire da aka ambata cewa *Bluhm ta zane-zane aiwatar da irin wannan rayuwa mai tabbatar da gaskiya da gaskiya, wanda ba zai iya taimaka amma ji ash a cikin wani haske na ruhaniya farin ciki* .

A cikin shekarar 2015, Christie's New York ya gudanar da "Norman Bluhm: Divine Proportion", yana nuna ayyukan 1960s, 70s da 80s. Kundin nunin ya sake buga gabatarwar James Harithas zuwa nunin Bluhm na 1973 a gidan kayan tarihi na Everson da kuma hirar a shekarar1987 na mai zane da William Salzillo ya yi.  .

Daga Fabrairu - Mayu, 2020, an sake duba aikin nasa, "Norman Bluhm: Metamorphosis" an gudanar da shi a Gidan Tarihi na Newark, tare da kasida wanda ya buga kasidu game da aikinsa da kuma hira da mai zane Paul Cummings ya yi a 1969.  Tricia Laughlin Bloom, Newark Museum of Art's curator for art's art's American art, kuma bako Jay Grimm, abokin Bluhm ne ya shirya wannan baje kolin. 

## Manazarta


## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Yanar Gizo na sirri
* Norman Bluhm Bio - Findlay Galleries
* https://www.facebook.com/pages/Norman-Bluhm/174392542611007?ref=ts
* Hotuna, tarin manyan hotuna na zanen Bluhm
* ''Abubuwa 26 a Sau ɗaya'', hira da Bluhm a cikin 1996 da 1997
* ''Obituary'', wanda aka buga a ArtForum, 1999
* Ilimi daga Art a Amurka, 1999
* ''The Late Painting na Norman Bluhm'', wani panoramic view of nuni a tashar Museum, Houston, Maris-Mayu 2007