open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Altar na Pergamon

**Altar na Pergamon** (Girkanci na Dā: ) wani gini ne mai ban mamaki wanda aka gina a lokacin mulkin Sarkin Girka na Dā Eumenes II na Daular Pergamon a Farko rabin karni na 2 BC a daya daga cikin terraces na acropolis na Pergamón a Asia Minor (Turkiyya ta zamani). An bayyana shi a matsayin daya daga cikin abubuwan al'ajabi bakwai na Tsohon Duniya ta hanyar sanannun jerin sunayen gargajiya guda uku.

Tsarin ya kasance mita 35.74 (117 ft ) fadi da mita 33.4 (109 in) zurfi; matakan gaba kadai kusan kusan mita 20 (66 fadi. An yi wa tushe ado da frieze babban taimako wanda ke nuna yakin tsakanin Giants da Alloli na Olympian da aka sani da Gigantomachy . Akwai na biyu, karami kuma wanda ba a kiyaye shi sosai ba a kan bangon kotun ciki wanda ke kewaye da ainihin bagaden wuta a matakin sama na tsarin a saman matakala. A cikin jerin al'amuran da suka biyo baya, yana nuna abubuwan da suka faru daga rayuwar Telephus, wanda ya kafa birnin Pergamon kuma ɗan jarumi Heracles da Auge, ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yan sarki Tegean Aleus.

A shekara ta 1878, injiniyan Jamus Carl Humann ya fara tonowa a kan acropolis na Pergamon, kokarin da ya kasance har zuwa 1886. An tura bangarorin taimako daga bagaden Pergamon zuwa Berlin, inda aka sanya su a baje kolin a Gidan Tarihin Pergamon.

## A zamanin d ̄ a

### Tarihin tarihi

Masarautar Pergamene da Philetaerus ya kafa a farkon karni na 3 BC da farko wani bangare ne na Daular Seleucid ta Hellenistic. Attalus I, magaji kuma ɗan'uwan Eumenes I, shine na farko da ya sami cikakken 'yancin kai ga yankin kuma ya ayyana kansa sarki bayan nasarar da ya samu a kan Celtic Galatians a 228 BC. Wannan nasarar da ya samu a kan Galatiyawa, barazana ga mulkin Pergamene, ya tabbatar da ikonsa, wanda ya yi ƙoƙari ya karfafa. Tare da cin nasara a Asiya Ƙananan a kan kuɗin Seleucids da suka raunana zai iya ƙara girman mulkinsa a takaice. Wani yunkuri na Seleucid a karkashin Antiochos III ya kai ƙofofin Pergamon amma bai iya kawo karshen 'yancin kai na Pergamene ba. Tun da Seleucids ke karuwa a gabas, Attalus ya juya hankalinsa zuwa yamma zuwa Girka kuma ya sami damar mamaye kusan dukkanin Euboea. Ɗansa, Eumenes II, ya kara iyakance tasirin Galatiyawa kuma ya yi mulki tare da ɗan'uwansa Attalus II, wanda ya gaji shi. A cikin 188 BC, Eumenes II ya sami damar ƙirƙirar Yarjejeniyar Apamea a matsayin abokin tarayya na Roma, don haka rage tasirin Seleucids a Asia Minor. Don haka Attalids sun kasance iko mai tasowa tare da sha'awar nuna muhimmancin su ga duniyar waje ta hanyar gina manyan gine-gine.

Da yake ambaton Littafin Ru'ya ta Yohanna 2:12-13 a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki na Kirista, masana da yawa sun yi jayayya cewa bagaden Pergamon shine "Kujerar Shaiɗan" wanda Yahaya Manzo ya ambata a cikin wasikar da ya aika wa cocin a Pergamon.

## Manazarta
Gidauniyar Zuciya ta Irish

Gidauniyar Zuciya ta Irish (IHF) wata ƙungiya ce ta agaji da aka kafa a shekarar 1966 da ke Dublin, wadda ke tallafawa ƙungiyoyi ga marasa lafiya da suka taɓa fuskantar matsalolin zuciya ko bugun jini, sannan kuma ta yi kamfen kan batutuwan lafiyar jama'a waɗanda ke shafar haɗarin cututtukan zuciya da bugun jini. [1] A shekarar 1992, IHF da Ƙungiyar Ciwon daji ta Irish sun kafa ASH Ireland tare don haɓaka daina shan taba. [2]

Tana da Sashen Lafiya na Wayar Salula wanda ke ba da gwajin hawan jini kyauta, bayanai game da lafiyar zuciya da kuma shawarwari kan salon rayuwa. Tana gudanar da gwajin hawan jini kusan 10,000 a shekara. 

Tana gudanar da kamfen don ƙara wayar da kan jama'a game da bugun zuciya  da kuma kamfen ɗin "Kujeru Za Su Iya Kisa" don wayar da kan jama'a game da haɗarin da ke tattare da zama na dogon lokaci ga lafiyar zuciya. 

Tana kira ga gwamnati da ta ɗauki manufofi waɗanda za su inganta lafiya, kamar hana tallata abinci mara kyau ga yara  da kuma kai hari ga tallace-tallacen abinci marasa kyau a cikin kamfen ɗinta na 'Dakatar da Target ga Yara'.  Ta kuma kai hari ga Salt Vape Ireland saboda rarraba sigari kyauta a mashaya da gidajen rawa na Dublin don musayar fallasa ga kafofin sada zumunta. 

## Duba kuma

* Slí na Sláinte

## Nassoshi
Kabarin Hetpet

**Kabarin Hetpet** (**Hetepet**) kabarin Masar ne mai shekaru 4,400 na firist. Carl Kaufmann ne ya gano shi a 1909 a Giza,  wani wuri kusa da pyramids na Alkahira.  An cire tubalan dutse da yawa da aka yi wa ado kuma an kawo su Gidan Tarihi na Masar na Berlin da kuma Liebieghaus a Frankfurt.

An sake gano kabarin a cikin 2017 ta hanyar balaguron Masar. Sauran sassan masallacin kabarin suna da zane-zane da aka adana sosai.[1] An riga an kafa wanzuwar Hetpet daga alamun sunanta a kan abubuwan da aka gano a wani lokaci a cikin shekara ta 1909.[1] Ta kasance Firist na Hathor, da rai a lokacin Daular ta 5, Mai Gida da kuma sanannen sarki. [2][3]

Ba a san abubuwa da yawa game da iyalinta ba. Sunan mahaifinta an adana shi ne kawai kuma ya fara da *Nef*. Cocin kabarin ya zuwa yanzu bai nuna wata alama ta kowa da ta yi aure ba.

## Manazarta
IMedix

iMedix wani kamfanin bincike ne na lafiya da kuma sabis na sada zumunta wanda Amir Leitersdorf da Iri Amirav suka kafa a shekarar 2006 a Amurka, tare da bincike da ci gaba da aka yi a Herzeliya, Isra'ila. Yana amfani da ingantattun hanyoyin bincike don samar da bayanai don amsa tambayoyin likita da damuwa.

A ranar 18 ga Mayu, 2011, AVG Technologies ta sayi iMedix Web Technologies Ltd., da nufin "haɗa software na iMedix da mafita na Kamfanin da ke akwai."  Bayan rufe wani lokaci bayan Fabrairu 2012, an sake kunna gidan yanar gizon a cikin 2014 kuma yana aiki tun daga lokacin.

## Sabis da fasaha
Da farko yana bayar da haɗin injin binciken lafiya da dandamalin haɗin gwiwa na al'umma, iMedix ya ci gaba da zama jagora mai mahimmanci ga mutanen da ke neman ilimi da shawarwari game da lafiya.

## Liyafar maraba
An amince da iMedix a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin *Shafukan Yanar Gizo 100 Masu Amfani da Ban Sha'awa* na *PCWorld* a shekarar 2008.  Ya ci gaba da kasancewa mai mahimmanci a cikin al'ummar kiwon lafiya ta yanar gizo tun lokacin da aka sake kunna shi.

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Shafin Yanar Gizo na IMedix
* iMedix akan Techcrunch
Petros Lantzas

Petros Lantzas (Girkanci: ; Italiyanci: [1] ko Mutanen Espanya: ; [2] c. 1533 - 26 Fabrairu 1613), ɗan Girka ne na Corfiot, ɗan leƙen asiri, mai zaman kansa kuma ɗan fashi a cikin karni na 16 na Balkans wanda ya shiga cikin makircin adawa da Ottoman. [3] [2] Da farko ya yi aiki ga Jamhuriyar Venice kuma daga 1574 Daular Mutanen Espanya ta yi aiki. Lantzas ya shiga cikin makirci daban-daban don hambarar da Mulkin Ottoman a yankunan da Girka ke zaune. A shekara ta 1608, ya shirya wani shiri na kashe sultan Ottoman Murad III ta hanyar sanya kyautar da ke dauke da fashewa a gabansa.

## Shekaru na farko

Andrea Lanza, kakan Petros, an nada shi a 1499 castelanno sannan a 1500 gwamna (capitano) na Parga. Mahaifinsa firist ne a Corfu. An kuma nada ɗansa Georgios a matsayin gwamnan wannan garin a 1544-1545.  Wani takarda na ajiya ya ƙunshi bayanin tarihin rayuwa wanda ya ambaci cewa Petro Lanza a zahiri ba Lanza ba ne, amma ɗan ɗan kwamandan Venetian, Kyaftin Janar Benedetto da Pesaro ne. A cewar wani ra'ayi Lantzas / Lanza kansa an bayyana shi a cikin kafofin na zamani a matsayin Girkanci. A cewar wani ra'ayi an bayyana shi daban-daban; wasu sun bayyana shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na mutanen Girka na Corfiot, wasu suna guje wa duk wani hali a matsayin wani bangare na yawan mutanen Girka.

A lokacin Yakin Ottoman-Venetian na 1570-1573, ya goyi bayan tawaye na Emmanuel Mormoris a Epirus mai mulkin Ottoman.[1] Saboda haka, Lantzas ya yi rikice-rikice na shirye-shirye kuma ya kai hari kan jiragen ruwa na Turkiyya a yankunan Lepanto da Preveza. Ya kuma kai hari kan yankuna masu ciki kuma ya shiga har zuwa Delvinë.[2] Bayan nasarar da aka samu na kewaye Borsh" id="mwdA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Borsh">Sopot (yau Borsh) a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1570 ya ci gaba da ayyukansa a kan Ottomans tare da goyon bayan ɓangaren Girka na Epirus . [3] A shekara ta gaba a 22 ga Nuwamba 1571 ya goyi bayan Venetians a nasarar da aka samu na kewaye fadar Margariti. A ƙarshen yaƙin (1573), Venetians sun nada shi gwamna na garin Parga na bakin teku, a gaban Corfu. [4][5]

A shekara ta 1574, duk da haka, hukumomin Venetian sun kori Lantzas daga ofis kuma sun kore su. Kodayake dalilin wannan canjin abubuwan ba a bayyane yake ba, wata wasika da ba a san sunanta ba da izini ga Venetian provveditore (gwamna-janar) ya yi zargin cewa Lantzas yana sayen makamai daga Mutanen Espanya don ba da damar mazauna yankin su kare kansu daga Turks, amma bisa ga wasikar yana sayar da waɗannan makamai ga Turks don ribar kansa. Wasikar ta ci gaba da neman a kashe Lantzas. A halin yanzu, ba shi da farin ciki da yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta Venetian-Ottoman, sai ya koma aikin Mutanen Espanya. Lantzas ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Sarkin Naples kuma ya zama sanannen memba na al'ummar Girka ta Naples.

### Manazarta
Mirela Maniani

**Mirela Maniani** (Greek, , an haife ta a ranar 21 ga watan Disamba 1976) 'yar wasan Girka ce da ta yi ritaya a fagen wasa wanda ya yi gasa a cikin jefa javelin . An ba ta suna 'yar wasan Girka ta Shekara a shekara ta 2003.

## Rayuwa da nasarorin wasanni

### Albania
An haifi Maniani a matsayin Mirela Manjani a ranar 21 ga Disamba 1976 a Durrës, Albania . A shekara ta 1996, a Jami'ar Alabama ta kafa sabon rikodin ƙasa na Albania a 62.46 m (kamar yadda ta kasance a shekarar 2017, har yanzu tana riƙe da rikodin kasa ta Albania).  Ta wakilci Albania a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1996 a Atlanta, Amurka kuma ta kasance ta 24 gaba ɗaya. A lokacin gasar ita ma Mai ɗaukar tutar Albania ce.

### Girka
Bayan ta auri ɗan ƙasar Girka, mai ɗaukar nauyi Georgios Tzelilis, ta sami 'yancin ƙasar Girka kuma ta wakilci Girka a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1997 a Athens . Babban nasarar da ta samu ta farko ta zo ne a 1999 a Seville, inda ta lashe lambar zinare a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya tare da jefa 67.09 m. An dauki aikinta a matsayin rikodin duniya, kamar yadda aka gabatar da sabon nau'in javelin a 1999. A Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2000 ta lashe lambar azurfa tare da mafi kyawun 67.51 m. Ta kuma lashe lambar tagulla a shekara ta 2004. Maniani kuma zakara ce ta Turai kuma zakara ta duniya sau biyu. Mafi kyawun jefa ta na mita 67.51 shine rikodin Girka na yanzu.[1]

Maniani ya shiga rundunar sojan ruwa ta Hellenic a shekarar 1999.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Mirela Maniani ta auri mai ɗaukar nauyi Georgios Tzelilis a cikin 1997, kuma ta zama ɗan ƙasar Girka. An san ta da suna Mirela Maniani-Tzelili har zuwa 2002, lokacin da ta saki Tzelilis . Maniani tana da 'yar daya daga bikin aurenta na uku tare da dan wasan kwallon kwando na Girka, Giannis Giannoulis . 

## Manazarta
Ilias Melkas

**Ilias Melkas** (Greek, Albanian, an haife shi 7 ga Oktoba 1989) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Girka wanda ke taka leda a matsayin Mai tsaron gida na A.O. Ayia Napa a Cyprus .

## Ayyuka
Melkas ya fara buga wa Iraklis Thessaloniki wasa a wasan Super League na Girka da Skoda Xanthi FC a ranar 26 ga Afrilu 2009.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
An haifi Melkas a Albania. Mahaifinsa Jovan Melka ɗan wasan volleyball ne na duniya.

## Manazarta
Leonid Minin

Leonid Efimovich Minin (/ˈmɪnɪn/; ɗan ƙasar Ukraine: Леонід Юхимович Мінін, an fassara shi da romanized: Leonid Yukhymovych Minin; an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Disamba 1947) ɗan safarar makamai ne na ƙasa da ƙasa. Hukumomin Italiya sun kama shi a ranar 4 ga Agusta, 2000 a Cinisello Balsamo kusa da Milan. An sanya ido kan Minin tun daga shekarar 1992 saboda zarginsa da safarar makamai ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, galibi ga ƙasashen Yammacin Afirka.[1] An yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru biyu a gidan yari a Italiya.

An haife shi a Ukraine, amma ya koma Isra'ila a cikin shekarun 1970s. A tsakiyar shekarun 1970s, Jamus ta kama shi saboda yaudarar takardun shaida kuma an zarge shi da satar fasaha. Ya koma Bolivia, Switzerland, Jamus, Monaco, da Italiya. A cikin shekarun 1990s ya buɗe kasuwancin katako da aka yi rajista a Zug a Switzerland da kuma ofisoshi a Monrovia a Laberiya da Tel Aviv a Isra'ila.

A ƙarshen shekarun 1990s, Minin ta gudanar da kamfani a Laberiya, Exotic Tropical Timber Enterprise, wanda ya aika katako daga ƙasar amma kuma ya shigo da makamai da ya ba da ga sarkin yaƙi na Laberiya da kuma shugaban Charles Taylor. [1] Taylor ya ba da makamai ga mayakan Revolutionary United Front a makwabciyar Saliyo a matsayin wani ɓangare na tallafawa yaƙin su a ƙoƙarin karɓar iko da kasuwancin lu'u-lu'u na ƙasar.[2][1] A kama Minin a shekara ta 2000, 'yan sanda na Italiya sun sami takardu game da ma'amaloli da ya yi da Taylor a cikin kayan Minin. An yi zargin cewa makamai sun fito ne daga Aviatrend, kamfanin Rasha mallakar Valery Cherny.[3] Wannan Aviatrend ya shiga cikin satar kudi ta Slobodan Milošević . [4]

Ukraine ta taɓa riƙe makaman Tarayyar Soviet da aka kimanta a dala biliyan 90 bayan rushewar Tarayyar, a cewar Cibiyar Nazarin Kasashen Duniya. Djevad Galijašević tsohon jami'in leken asiri a Bosnia, ya ga yadda makamai daga Leonid Minin suka ƙare a hannun Mujahideen a lokacin Yaƙin Bosnia.

Halin Nicolas Cage a cikin fim din Lord of War ya ƙunshi Minin da wani mai shigo da makamai, Viktor Bout .

## Dubi kuma

* Mafia ta Rasha
* Victor Bout
* Igor Sechin

## Manazarta
Harafin Amarna EA 256

wasiƙa Amarna **EA 256**, a takaice EA 256, wanda aka tsara a ƙarƙashin taken Oaths and Denials,  [dubious - discuss] yana ɗaya daga cikin jimlar kusan 350 da ake kira wasikun Amarna, na cikin wasikar hukuma da ta kasance daga tsakiyar karni na 14 BC (kimanin 1350 KZ har zuwa shekaru 20-25 bayan haka). An samo tarin haruffa na farko a garin Akhenaton, a bene na Ofishin Jakadancin Fir'auna; daga baya an sami wasu, suna ƙarawa ga jikin haruffa. 

## Bayyanawa
EA 256 murabba'i ne, galibi wasika ce ta allon yumɓu da aka rubuta a bangarorin biyu; an kuma rubuta shi a kasa, a saman (= a kasa na gefen *baya*), kuma an rubuta layi 3 na ƙarshe a gefen hagu (a gaban), inda farkon layi a gaban ya zama ' madaidaiciya'.

Kayan wasikar (duba Rohl ), yana da jerin garuruwa a ciki, ko kuma suna da alaƙa da Golan Heights. Yankin wasikar yana da tsayi (a wani bangare ya lalace?), ko hotuna na baya musamman, ba su da sauƙin nuna haruffa na cuneiform.

Taken wasikar shine inda Ayyab yake, ana zaton a Pella, Jordan (Pihilu na wasikun).

Kowane layin rubutu an rubuta shi tare da layin kwance da aka rubuta a ƙasa da layin rubutu, da kuma layin gefen hagu na tsaye, (farawar rubutu a hagu) layin marubuci a gefen allon. Harafin ya ƙunshi layi 14 (15) a gefen, yana ci gaba a gefen allon ƙasa don kammalawa a layin 31 a baya, yana barin ƙaramin sarari kafin gefen allunan ƙarshe. Akalla layi 4 daga gefen ya shiga cikin rubutun baya (yana bayyana a matsayin cuneiform a cikin rubutun baya), a zahiri yana raba baya zuwa rabi na sama da rabi na ƙasa, har ma da ƙirƙirar sararin halitta zuwa rubutun baya, da labarin.

## Takaitaccen bayani game da wasika
Wasikar EA 256 ta rubuta ta Mutbaal, ɗan Labaya, kuma ta rubuta wa Fir'auna.

## Wasikar

### Fassara
EA 252, [dubious - tattauna] wasika biyu na biyu.  (Ba fassarar layi ba, fassarar layi-da-layi, da Ingilishi daga Faransanci.)  [dubious - tattauna]  

: (Lines 1-4) --Ka gaya wa Yanhamu, ubangijina: Saƙon Mut-Bahlu, bawanka. **Na faɗi a ƙafafun ubangijina.**
: (4.3-1) --Ta yaya za a iya cewa a gabanka, ***"Mut-Bahlu ya gudu. Ya ɓoye Ayyab?"*** Ta yaya sarkin Pihilu zai iya guduwa daga kwamishinan: sú-ki-ni **na sarki, ubangijinsa?**
: (10) -- (Kamar) -Sarki, Ubangiji, Shi - Yana Rayuwa!  ** ("Rayuwa) ** 
: (11) -- (A matsayin) -Sarki, Ubangiji, nawa - Rayuwa!  ** ("Rayuwa) ** 
: (12) --**Sarki, Ubangiji, nawa - "Idan 'yi kunya', .."**

## Manazarta
Jami'ar Kimiyya ta Shahid Sadoughi

Jami'ar Kimiyyar Likitanci ta Shahid Sadoughi jami'a ce ta gwamnati da ke tsakiyar Iran a birnin Yazd . Jami'ar tana ba da digiri a cikin shirye-shirye 102 a fannin likitanci, likitan hakori, kantin magani, aikin jinya, ungozoma, kimiyyar paramedical, da ayyukan kiwon lafiya, tun daga digiri na haɗin gwiwa zuwa ƙananan fannoni da kuma tallafin karatu. Jami'ar tana gudanar da asibitoci 9 da kuma asibitoci sama da 90 a birnin da lardin Yazd . [ ana buƙatar ambato ]

## Tarihi
Jami'ar Kimiyyar Likitanci ta Shahid Sadoughi ita ce jami'ar likitanci ta farko da aka kafa a Iran bayan juyin juya halin Musulunci. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

== Bayani ==
A bisa tsarin kula da lafiya na Iran, shugaban jami'ar kimiyyar likitanci a kowace lardi ne ke kula da dukkan tsarin kula da lafiya da kuma harkokin ilimi da suka shafi wannan lardi. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

## Shirye-shiryen ilimi

* **Shirye-shiryen Digiri 102**
* **Digirin Digiri na Ƙwararru**
* **Shirye-shiryen Digiri na Farko**
* **Shirye-shiryen Digiri na Biyu**
* **Shirye-shiryen da ba na Digiri ba 21** tare da tallafin karatu

## Duba kuma

* Ilimi Mai Zurfi A Iran

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Shafin yanar gizo na hukuma 
* Farsi Wikipedia University دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی شهید صدوقی یزد
Wasikar Amarna EA 254

**Wasikar Amarna EA 254**, mai taken: "Ba Rebel ko Delinquent (2) ",  matsakaici ne, tsayi, kuma mafi yawa kwance na yumbu na rectangular wasikar Amarna, (duba a nan https://cdli.ucla.edu/dl/photo/P271197.jpg). Wasikar ta fito ne daga Labaya na birnin-jiha Shechem" id="mwDg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Shechem">Šakmu (Shechem a yau). Harafi ne wanda ba a lalace ba, a cikin yanayi mai kyau, tare da rubutun cuneiform a kusan dukkanin wurare: A gefe, *A baya*, baya, da Hagu. Wasika EA 254 tana da ƙidaya VAT 335, daga Gidan Tarihi na Vorderasiatisches na Berlin.

Harafin Amarna, kimanin 300, wanda aka ƙidaya har zuwa EA 382, a tsakiyar karni na 14 BC, kimanin 1360 KZ da shekaru 30-35 bayan haka, wasiƙa. An samo tarin haruffa na farko a garin Akhetaton" id="mwGA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaton, a cikin bene na Ofishin Jakadancin Fir'auna; daga baya an sami wasu, suna ƙarawa ga jikin haruffa.

## Wasikar

### EA 254: "Ba Rebel ko Delinquent (2) "''"Ba mai tawaye ko mai laifi ba (2) "''
EA 254, wasika uku na uku.  (Ba fassarar layi ba, fassarar layi-da-layi, da Ingilishi daga Faransanci.) 

: (Lines 1-5) -**Ga sarki, ubangijina da Rana: Don haka Lab'ayu, bawanka da datti da kake tafiya. ** **Na fada a gaban sarki, ubangijina da Rana, sau 7 da 7.**
: (6-10) - **Na yi biyayya (watau na ji) umarnin da sarki ya rubuta mini. Wanene ni ne cewa sarki ya rasa ƙasarsa saboda ni?**
: (1-15) -**Gaskiyar ita ce ni bawan sarki ne mai aminci! ** Ni ba ɗan tawaye ba ne kuma ba ni da laifi a cikin aiki.1 Ban hana biyan haraji ba; Ban hana wani abu da kwamishina ya nema ba.**Ban hana biyan haraji ba; ban hana wani abu da Kwamishinan na ya nema ba.**
: (16-29) -**Ya zarge ni da rashin adalci.**,3 **amma sarki, ubangijina, bai bincika aikin tawaye ba.**

## Manazarta
Wasikar Amarna EA 252

**Wasikar Amarna EA 252**, mai taken: Sparing One's Enemies,  murabba'i ne, mafi yawa wasiƙar allon yumɓu da aka rubuta a bangarorin biyu, da kuma gefen ƙasa. Kowane layin rubutu an rubuta shi tare da layin kwance da aka rubuta a ƙasa da layin rubutu, da kuma layin gefen hagu na tsaye, (farawar rubutu a hagu) layin marubuci a gefen allon. Harafin ya ƙunshi layi 14 (15) a gefen, yana ci gaba a gefen allon ƙasa don kammalawa a layin 31 a baya, yana barin ƙaramin sarari kafin gefen allunan ƙarshe. Akalla layi 4 daga gefen ya shiga cikin rubutun baya (yana bayyana a matsayin cuneiform a cikin rubutun baya), a zahiri yana raba baya zuwa rabi na sama da rabi na ƙasa, har ma da ƙirƙirar sararin halitta zuwa rubutun baya, da labarin.

Wasika EA 252 ta rubuta ta Labaya, ta 'Mutum, birni-jiha' (na) Šakmu (Shechem a yau), kuma an rubuta ta ga Fir'auna. Wasikar ita ce wasika ɗaya daga cikin wasiku uku da ya rubuta, ga Fir'auna. A cikin Jerin haruffa na Amarna na yanzu ta girman, ita ce mafi ƙanƙanta harafin allon yumɓu, kasancewar kawai ~ 3 a tsayi da ~ 2 a faɗin.

Amarna_letters" id="mwHg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Amarna letters">Harafin Amarna, kimanin 300, wanda aka ƙidaya har zuwa EA 382, a tsakiyar karni na 14 BC, kimanin 1350 KZ da shekaru 20-25 bayan haka, wasiƙa. An samo tarin haruffa na farko a garin Akhenaton (Amarna), a bene na Ofishin Jakadancin Fir'auna; daga baya an sami wasu, suna ƙarawa ga jikin haruffa.

## Manazarta
Saul Amarel

**Saul Amarel** (1928 - 18 ga Disamba, 2002) ya kasance farfesa a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta a Jami'ar Rutgers, kuma an fi saninsa da aikinsa na farko a fannin fasaha na wucin gadi (AI). Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin masanin kimiyya, injiniya, da kuma malami. Ya kasance mai ba da gudummawa ga ƙididdigar ƙididdiga da hanyoyin AI, dukansu an yi amfani da su don binciken kimiyya da aikin injiniya.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Amarel a cikin iyalin Yahudawa na Thessaloniki a cikin 1928.  Ya yi aiki a cikin ƙungiyar Resistance ta Girka a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II yayin da Jamusawa suka mamaye Girka. An tilasta masa gudu tare da iyalinsa zuwa Gaza, wanda ke cikin Falasdinu ta Burtaniya a lokacin.

Amarel ta kammala karatu daga Technion - Cibiyar Fasaha ta Isra'ila a 1948 tare da digiri na farko a aikin injiniya kuma ta yi aiki ga Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Isra'ilawa kafin ta tafi Amurka. A can ya sami digiri na biyu a 1953 sannan ya sami digiri a fannin Injiniyan Lantarki a 1955 daga Jami'ar Columbia da ke New York.

Daga 1958 zuwa 1969, Amarel ya jagoranci Kungiyar Binciken Ka'idar Kwamfuta a RCA Sarnoff Labs.

A shekara ta 1969, Amarel ya kafa Sashen Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta a Kwalejin Livingston na Jami'ar Rutgers, a New Brunswick, New Jersey.

Daga 1985 zuwa 1988, Amarel ya yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Ofishin Kimiyya da Fasaha na Ofishin Bincike na Tsaro (DARPA).

A shekara ta 1988, Amarel ya koma Rutgers kuma an nada shi Farfesa Alan M. Turing na Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta, wanda ya fara bincike a fagen AI.

Amarel ya sami lambar yabo ta Allen Newell daga Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga Artificial Intelligence, musamman wajen inganta fahimtarmu game da rawar wakilci a warware matsala, da kuma ka'idar da aikin tsara lissafi.[1] An zabe shi Fellow na Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence a cikin 1990 da kuma Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Lantarki da Lantarki (IEEE) a cikin 1994.[2]

Amarel ya zauna a Princeton, New Jersey, inda ya mutu a 2002 daga ciwon zuciya bayan yaƙi na shekaru shida da ciwon daji. Wannan ya faru ne yayin da bikin ritayar sa daga Jami'ar Rutgers, bayan sama da shekaru 40 na jagoranci a kimiyyar kwamfuta a cikin ƙasa da duniya, yana cikin shiri don Disamba 20, 2002.

## Manazarta
Salamo Arouch

**Salamo Arouch** (Girkanci: ; Ibrananci: סל ארמווך; 1 ga Janairu 1923 - 26 ga Afrilu 2009) ya kasance ɗan dambe na Girka-Isra'ila kuma Wanda ya tsira daga Holocaust . Gasar Zakarun Girka ta Tsakiya a 1938 da kuma Gasar Zarrawar Tsakiya ta Tsakiya ta All-Balkans a 1939, an yanke aikinsa saboda barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na II a cikin shekara mai zuwa. A lokacin da Axis ta mamaye Girka, Arouch, tare da dukan iyalinsa, an kore su zuwa Poland da ke zaune a Jamus, inda aka tsare shi a sansanin Auschwitz. A can, ya tsira daga Holocaust ta hanyar sanya shi ya shiga cikin dambe na wucin gadi (fiye da 200 yaƙe-yaƙe) tare da 'yan uwansa fursunoni don nishaɗin jami'an soja na Jamus. Labarinsa shine batun fim din 1989 Triumph of the Spirit, wanda ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka Willem Dafoe ya nuna shi.

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta farko da aikin dambe
An haifi Salamo Arouch a 1923  a Thessaloniki, Girka, ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'ya maza biyu a cikin iyali wanda ya haɗa da' ya'ya mata uku.  Mahaifinsa ya kasance mai kula da kayan kwalliya wanda ya kula da sha'awar ɗansa a wasan dambe, ya koya masa lokacin da yake yaro. Ya yi aiki a takaice tare da mahaifinsa a matsayin stevedore. Arouch ya ce lokacin da yake dan shekara 14, ya yi yaƙi kuma ya lashe wasan dambe na farko  a 1937 a Maccabi Thessaloniki, cibiyar matasa ta Yahudawa da kuma dakin motsa jiki. Ya kuma yi yaƙi da launuka na Aris Thessaloniki . Ya lashe gasar zakarun kwallon kafa ta Girka, kuma a 1939, ya lashe gasar zarrawar kwallon kafa ta All-Balkans, nasarar da aka fi sani da ita. Bayan tattara rikodin da ba a ci nasara ba na nasara 24 (24 knockouts),  Arouch an tsara shi cikin Sojojin Girka. Ya zama memba na ƙungiyar dambe ta Sojojin Girka, inda ya lashe yaƙe-yaƙe uku ta hanyar knockout.

### Yaƙin Duniya na II da mamayewar Axis na Girka

#### Kashewa zuwa Auschwitz-Birkenau da kuma tilasta dambe
A shekara ta 1943, an kai Arouch da iyalinsa ta hanyar boxcar kuma an tsare su a sansanin fursuna na Nazi Auschwitz-Birkenau a Poland ta yanzu.[1] Sun isa ranar 15 ga Mayu, 1943. A Auschwitz, inda aka sanya Arouch a matsayin fursuna 136954, ya ce kwamandan ya nemi 'yan dambe daga cikin sabbin fursunoni kuma, da zarar an tabbatar da iyawar Arouch, ya sanya shi zuwa wasanni biyu- ko sau uku a mako-mako na dambe da sauran fursunoni.[2]

A cewar Arouch, ba a ci shi ba a Auschwitz, kodayake an tilasta masa ya yi yaƙi yayin da yake murmurewa daga cututtukan jini ya ƙare a zane. Da yake tare da sauran mayakan da aka tilasta su shiga cikin waɗannan wasannin kuma sun biya su ƙarin abinci ko aiki mai sauƙi, Salamo ya yi yaƙi da wasannin 208 a cikin kimantawarsa,  da sanin cewa za a tura fursunonin da suka rasa zuwa ɗakin gas ko kuma a harbe su.  Yaƙe-yaƙe gabaɗaya sun ci gaba har sai mayaƙan ya sauka ko kuma Nazis sun gaji da kallo. Arouch ya yi iƙirarin cewa yana da nauyin kimanin fam 135 kuma sau da yawa yana yaƙi da manyan mutane. Da zarar, ya gama abokin hamayyarsa mai nauyin kilo 250 a cikin sakan 18 kawai.
Albert Cohen (mai rubutun ra'ayi)

**Ibrahim Albert Cohen** (16 ga Agusta, 1895 - 17 ga Oktoba, 1981) ɗan asalin Girka ne ɗan littafin Romaniote Bayahude na Switzerland wanda ya rubuta a Faransanci. Ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin gwamnati ga kungiyoyi daban-daban na kasa da kasa, kamar su Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya . Ya zama ɗan ƙasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1919. 

## Tarihin rayuwa

**Ibrahim Albert Cohen** (Girkanci: ) an haife shi a Corfu, Girka, a cikin 1895, ga iyayen Yahudawa na Girka. Iyayen Albert, waɗanda ke da masana'antar sabulu, sun koma Marseille, Faransa, lokacin da yake yaro. Albert Cohen ya tattauna wannan lokacin a cikin littafinsa Le Livre de ma mère (*Littafin Uwata*). Ya yi karatu a wata makarantar Katolika mai zaman kanta. A shekara ta 1904, ya fara makarantar sakandare a Lycée Thiers, inda ya sadu kuma ya fara abota da Marcel Pagnol,  kuma ya kammala a 1913.

## Littattafan Cohen
Ta hanyar littattafai daban-daban guda huɗu, ana iya la'akari da fiction na Cohen a matsayin fiction na tarihin kansa. Labari ne na Solal mai haske - sau biyu na Cohen - wani kyakkyawan ma'aikacin gwamnati mai cin nasara na League of Nations wanda asalinsa mai ban sha'awa shine gwagwarmaya tsakanin asalinsa na Yahudawa da matsayinsa na zamantakewa.

Ayyukansa masu kyau, Belle du Seigneur, da farko sun haɗa da littafin da aka buga daga baya a matsayin Les Valeureux . Ana kiran Belle du Seigneur "littafin soyayya", kuma yana gaya wa Solal soyayya mai ban sha'awa, mai zalunci amma mai gaskiya tare da Ariane Deume, mace mai aure wanda ba Bayahude ba. A shekara ta 1968, littafin ya sami lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Faransa. Tun daga wannan lokacin, littafin ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan masu siyarwa na shahararren Gallimard White Collection . [1] A cikin 2022, an buga ayyukan Cohen a cikin babban ɗakin karatu na Pléiade .

## Manazarta
Leon Cohen

Leon Cohen (Girkanci: Λεών Κοέν; 15 Janairu 1910 a Thessaloniki, Girka - a watan Agusta 1989 a Bat Yam, Isra'ila), Bayahuden Girka ne da ya tsira daga sansanin tsare-tsare na Auschwitz. Ya kasance memba na Sonderkommando a Birkenau daga Mayu zuwa Nuwamba 1944. Yana ɗaya daga cikin membobin Sonderkommando uku kacal da suka rubuta tarihin rayuwarsa bayan yaƙin,[1] tare da Filip Müller[2] da Marcel Nadjari.[3] Ya shiga cikin shirye-shiryen tawayen Sonderkommando.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Mahaifin Leon Cohen ya kasance mai arziki, mai cin nasara, wanda ya shigo da kayayyaki daga Jamus da Austria kuma yana da alaƙar kasuwanci tare da ƙananan 'yan kasuwa a Brussels. Leon Cohen yana da 'yan'uwa mata biyu, Agnes da Margot, da ɗan'uwa ɗaya, Robert . Ya tafi Makarantar kasuwanci ta Leon Gatenyo, wata cibiyar Faransa da Jamus. An ba shi ilimi mai karfi na Faransanci kuma ya koyi mafi kyawun wallafe-wallafen Faransanci, saboda malamin shine shugaban kuma wanda ya kafa makarantar Chevalier de la Liaison Française. Bayan ya kammala karatu, ya fara aiki a baje kolin kasa da kasa na Thessaloniki. Daga baya, ya yi aiki ga Decca Records, wani kamfani da ke sayar da rikodin da rediyo. Kafin mamayewa, ya kasance mai ba da izini ga Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Girka. Daga baya, an rubuta shi cikin sojojin Girka. An kama shi a shekarar 1942, kamar dubban samari Yahudawa, kuma an tura shi kurkukun Jamus a Thessaloniki, daga inda ya tsere. A ranar 15 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1943, ya auri matarsa ta farko, Germaine Perahia, 'yar Yehoshua Perahia, mai mallakar Bankin Bankin (tare da Joseph Nehama) a Thessaloniki. An tura Yahudawa na Thessaloniki cikin wani ghetto daga inda ya tsere tare da matarsa. Ya isa Athens kuma 'yan Jamus sun kama shi, yayin da matarsa da iyayenta suka ɓoye kansu.[1] An tura shi sansanin Haidari.

### Kwarewa a Auschwitz

## Manazarta
Rae Dalven

Rachel Dalven (25 Afrilu 1904, Preveza, Janina Vilayet, Ottoman Empire - 27 Yuli 1992, Birnin New York), wanda aka fi sani da **Rae Dalven**, marubuciya ce ta Romaniote wacce ta zo Amurka tun tana yarinya. An fi saninta da fassarorin ayyukan Cavafy, waƙoƙin wasu marubutan Yahudawa na Romaniote, da kuma littattafanta da wasan kwaikwayo game da Yahudawa na Ioannina .

## Tarihin rayuwa
Iyayen Dalven, Isra'ila da Esther, sun koma New York a 1909 tare da 'ya'yansu biyu, Joseph da Rachel, sun bar ɗayan' yaransu, Simcha (Sophie) tare da dangi a Girka saboda kamuwa da ido wanda zai hana ta shiga Amurka Dalven ya ci gaba da kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Hunter kuma daga baya ya sami digiri na biyu a Turanci a Jami'ar New York. Ta kasance farfesa a fannin wasan kwaikwayo da wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi a Kwalejin Ladycliff da kuma shugaban sashen. Ta wallafa The Complete Poems of Cavafy a 1961, lokacin da ba a san mawaki ba a duniyar Turanci, tare da gabatarwa ta W. H. Auden, wanda ya yaba da fassarorin ta a cikin *Waƙoƙin Girkanci na zamani* (1949) don " gabatar da duniyar shayari wanda aka rufe mana".

Ayyukan Dalven a matsayin mai fassara ya fara ne da waƙoƙin dan uwanta ta hanyar aure, Joseph Eliya [el], wanda ya mutu a 1931, bayan ya koyi game da shi daga dan uwan da ya haifar da wasikarsu na shekaru uku na karshe na rayuwarsa. A cikin 1935, mahaifiyar Eliya ta nemi Dalven ya fassara waƙoƙin ɗanta zuwa Turanci a matsayin burinsa na mutuwa. Ta yi tafiye-tafiye zuwa Ioannina, garin Eliya, a cikin 1936 da 1937, kafin halakar da al'ummar Yahudawa a can. Bayanan rubutu da ra'ayoyin da ta rubuta sun zama tushe ga littattafanta na gaba da wasan kwaikwayo game da al'ummar Romaniote na Ioannina. Fassarar waƙoƙin Eliya, wanda Anatolia Press ta buga a 1944 a New York, wasu daga cikin fassarorin farko na waƙoƙar Girkanci na zamani da aka buga a Amurka da waje da Girka. Sauran sanannun fassarorin ta sun haɗa da waƙoƙin Yiannis Ritsos, kwaminisanci wanda aka dakatar da waƙarsa a lokacin gwamnatin Girka (1967-1974) - fassarorin Dalven sun kasance wasu daga cikin fassarorin farko na waƙoƙinsa bayan ƙarshen mulkin kama karya. Ta yi la'akari da aikinta a kan Cavafy da ta fi so. [1]

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Baya ga 'yan uwanta, an haifi wasu yara bakwai bayan iyalin sun isa New York. Dalven ta auri Jack Negrin, wanda shi ma Bayahude ne, amma auren ya ƙare da kisan aure ba tare da yara ba. Ɗan'uwanta Joseph ya kasance darektan kiwon lafiya na Gidan Sephardic na Shekaru talatin da biyar.

## Kyautar Rae Dalven
An ba da kyautar Rae Dalven a karo na farko a shekarar 1997. Shirin Alexander S. Onassis na NYU a cikin Nazarin Helenanci yana neman gabatarwar don kyautar shekara-shekara don amincewa da ƙwarewar ilimi a cikin Nazaren Helenanci tsakanin ɗalibai a Jami'ar New York.

## Manazarta
Bess Meisler

**Bess Meisler** (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1922) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Amurka wacce aka fi sani da rawar da ta taka a matsayin Yiayia a cikin jerin fina-finai na My Big Fat Greek Wedding .  Da ta fara aikinta na allo tana da shekaru 65, Meisler ta zama sanannen adadi don lokacin wasan kwaikwayo da hotuna na tsofaffi a cikin fina-finai da talabijin.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Meisler a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 1922, a New York a matsayin Bessie Alalouf . Iyayenta duka Yahudawa ne na Girka.[1] Iyayenta sune Avraam da Perla Alalouf [2] wadanda suka kasance masu sayar da 'ya'yan itace.[3] Tana da wasu 'yan'uwa biyu, ɗan'uwa mai suna Emmanuel wanda ya mutu a 1998 da kuma 'yar'uwa mai taken Esther wacce ta mutu a 1987. [4][5]

Sha'awarta ga wasan kwaikwayo ta kai ta ga gidan wasan kwaikwayo, inda ta fara bugawa Broadway a 1981 a farfadowar Fiddler on the Roof .  A cikin wannan samarwa, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo, tana rufe matsayi kamar Shandel, da kuma karatun haruffa kamar *Golde da Yente*.

## Ayyuka
Meisler ta sauya zuwa wasan kwaikwayo a cikin 1987, inda ta fara fitowa a talabijin tana da shekaru 65 a cikin jerin , inda ta nuna Mrs. Petelli . Ta ci gaba da ɗaukar ƙananan matsayi a talabijin a cikin shekarun 1990s, gami da bayyanar a cikin Flying Blind da *Beverly Hills, 90210*. 

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Meisler ta auri Seymour Meisler, Bayahude na Ashkenazi, a 1943 har zuwa lokacin da suka sake aure a 1962. Suna da 'yar mai suna Phyllis wacce ke zaune tare da mahaifiyarta a Kudancin California.

## Manazarta
David Mavrogonato

**David Mavrogonato** (ko **Maurogonato**; ya mutu 1470) ɗan kasuwa ne na Yahudawa na Crete, mai neman taimako, kuma ɗan leƙen asiri ga Jamhuriyar Venice a Daular Ottoman .    Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai fassara ga firistocin Girka. Ya ba da rahoton shirin tawaye na Crete ga Venice. Ayyukansa na nasara a matsayin jami'in diflomasiyya na Venice ya sami zuriyarsa a cirewa daga manufofin da aka yi wa Yahudawa da suka fada ƙarƙashin ikon mulkin mallaka a lokacin.

## Rayuwa da aiki
A sakamakon ayyukansa ga Venice, an ba iyalinsa dama ta musamman da suka kiyaye har zuwa karni na 17.  Yahudawa a lokacin a Venice suna ƙarƙashin haraji na nuna bambanci kuma suna buƙatar tufafin da ke nuna su a matsayin Yahudawa. A cikin 1463 da 1466, don dawo da rahoton wani makirci don hambarar da mulkin mallaka na Venetian na tsibirin Crete a cikin 1453, Majalisar Goma ta ba shi hutun haraji, haƙƙin kada ya biya ƙarin haraji saboda daga al'ummar Yahudawa, haƙƙin shi da magada su sa lambar da aka tilasta wa Yahudawa su sa ko duk wata tufafin da za ta nuna shi a matsayin Bayahude, haƙƙin zama a duk inda yake so a birnin Candia (Cretean), haƙƙin sayar da kasuwancinsa a kan jiragen ruwa na Venetiyan, da kuma biyan kuɗi na shekara-shekara. An biya shi 3000 hyperpera da kuma fansho na shekara-shekara na 500 hyperpera, wanda aka ci gaba da biya 'ya'yansa bayan mutuwarsa.

A lokacin ana buƙatar Yahudawa su sa murfin rawaya ko ja, amma an yarda shi da zuriyarsa su sa baƙar fata ba. An ba wa zuriyarsa Elia Mavrogonato damar sa baƙar fata a shekara ta 1616 .  An ba wa zuriyarsa "mai kyau likita" Jeremiah Mavrogonato a cikin 1633 da 1638 ya zauna a waje da Ghetto na Yahudawa na Venice kuma ya sa baƙar fata ba tare da an dame shi ko azabtar da shi ba, kuma ya zo ya tafi kamar yadda yake so. 

David ya kuma shiga cikin tattaunawar zaman lafiya tare da Mehmet II kuma Venetians sun tura shi Istanbul sau da yawa.[1] Duk da haka, David ba ɗan ƙasa ba ne duk da samun kariya daga jihar, kuma an tilasta masa ya zauna a Venice na 'yan shekaru don kauce wa ramuwar gayya daga waɗanda ya zargi.[2] Yahudawa na tsibirin sun zarge shi da nuna adawa da Yahudawa.[3] Musa Capsali, rabbi na Constantinople, ya yi masa barazanar korar shi saboda kasancewa malshin ko mai ba da labari. Daga baya ya danƙa wa mai tsaron jikinsa Salomone na Piove di Sacco al'amuransa. [4][5]

## Manazarta
Michael Matsas

Michael Naoum Matsas (Girkanci; an haife shi a shekara ta 1930) ɗan Girka ne Wanda ya tsira daga Holocaust kuma marubuci. An haife shi a Ioannina, kuma ya tsira daga Holocaust ta hanyar ɓoyewa tare da juriyar Girka.[1]

## Ayyuka

*  
* Matsas, Michael (2021): *The Illusion of Safety: Labarin Yahudawa na Girka a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu .* Buga na biyu. Littattafan Vrachori. ISBN .&nbsp;

## Manazarta
Marios Matalon

**Marios Matalon** (Greek; an haife shi a ranar 16 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1989) ɗan wasan ƙwallon Kwando ne na ƙwallon ƙafa na ASK Karditsas na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙwallon Kwando ta Girka A2. Matalon, wanda aka haife shi a Thessaloniki, Girka, yana da tsayi    1 +1⁄4 in).

## Ayyukan kwaleji
Matalon ya buga wasan Kwando na kwaleji a Jami'ar Wyoming, tare da Wyoming Cowboys, kawai na shekara guda a 2007. 

## Ayyukan sana'a
Wasu daga cikin kungiyoyin da Matalon ya buga tare a lokacin aikinsa sun hada da: Aris Thessaloniki, AEL 1964, Kolossos, Hapoel Megido, Koroivos Amaliadas, Ilysiakos, Aries Trikala, OFI Crete, da Rethymno Cretan Kings . [1]

A ranar 31 ga watan Agusta, 2017, Matalon ya shiga Apollon Patras na kungiyar A2 ta Girka.

A ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2018, Matalon ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara guda tare da kungiyar Isra'ila Hapoel Ramat Gan Givatayim na Liga Leumit (Sashen Isra'ila na 2). 

A ranar 29 ga watan Agusta, 2019, Matalon ya koma Girka kuma ya sanya hannu tare da Koroivos Amaliadas .

## Manazarta
Mordekai Hannun

Mordechai Mano (Ibraniyawa; 1922, Salonika, Girka - 1969) ɗan kasuwa ne na Isra'ila kuma memba ne na dangin jigilar kaya na Mano . Ya kasance daya daga cikin masu gabatarwa a masana'antar teku da tattalin arzikin Isra'ila gabaɗaya.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife shi a cikin iyalin jigilar kaya daga Thessaloniki, Girka, Mordechai ɗan Samuel Mano ne (1880-1962), wanda ya mallaki kuma ya yi aiki daga Thessalonuki, jirgin ruwa na "Maunas", jiragen ruwa masu motsi, wanda ke aiki da ƙasar Girka da tashar jiragen ruwa. A cikin 1932, lokacin da Mano ke da shekaru 9, iyalinsa suka yi hijira zuwa Mandatory Palestine, a matsayin wani ɓangare na manyan raƙuman shige da fice da Abba Hushi, mai fafutuka kuma shugaban Hukumar Yahudawa, ya shirya, don karfafa sojojin aiki na Yahudawa a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Haifa.

Mordechai Mano ya sami iliminsa da gogewa a masana'antar teku daga mahaifinsa Samuel (1880-1962), wanda ya yi aiki a tashar jiragen ruwa a Salonika. Samuel da ɗan'uwansa na fari, Morris, sun yi aiki a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Haifa har sai sun yi ritaya. Mano ya fara aikinsa a matsayin manzo da kuma magatakarda a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Nisim Meshulam, sannan daga baya a kamfanin jigilar kayayyaki na Atid (wanda dangin Burhard suka kafa a 1934) inda ya yi nazarin duk asirin kasuwancin jigilar kayayyakin. Yin amfani da kwanaki da dare a aiki da kuma koyon kowane bangare na kasuwanci, tare da karatu mai yawa a kan batun, Mano nan da nan ya zama gwani. An san shi a matsayin majagaba kuma a matsayin mutum mai hangen nesa da baiwa ta musamman don ci gaba da kasancewa tare da mutane da yin muhimman alaƙa da kasuwanci a duk duniya. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan fa'idodi shine kyautar harsuna. Marduk ya yi magana da harsuna bakwai sosai (ciki har da Turkiyya da Larabci). [1]

A shekara ta 1943, ya kafa wata hukumar sufuri a Haifa da ake kira Mordechai Mano Shipping Agents a kan titin Ha Hazmaut kuma daga baya ya koma ofisoshin kamfanin zuwa titin 53 Ha Namal. Hukumar ta yi hulɗa da jiragen kasuwanci na yanki kyauta waɗanda suka isa Haifa kuma daga baya suka sayi jirgi na farko, ƙaramin jirgi na katako, wanda aka yi amfani da shi da farko don shigo da kayayyakin abinci daga Turkiyya tare da hadin gwiwar hukumar sufuri Isra'ila Gotesman da Sons, wanda ke hulɗa da cinikayya a cikin kayayyakin abinci a lokacin kwanakin tsananin gaske na farkon shekarun da suka gabata.[1]

## Dubi kuma

* Hannun Ruwa
*
*

## Manazarta
Albert J. Levis

**Albert J. Levis** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1937) masanin ilimin halayyar Girka ne kuma marubucin Formal Theory of Behavior . Shi ne kuma wanda ya kafa kuma darektan Gidan Tarihi na Tsarin Halitta a Manchester, Vermont . Shi tare da marigayi matarsa, Georgette Wasserstein Levis, shi ne mai kula da gidan Wilburton Inn, kuma a Manchester.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Albert Levis a shekara ta 1937 a Athens ga dangin Yahudawa na Romaniote da ke da tushe mai zurfi a tarihin Girka da al'adu. Bayan ya tsira daga Holocaust a ɓoye, Levis ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Kwalejin Athens inda ya kammala a 1957 kuma an ba shi kyautar Capps don wani rubutu game da tarihin Yahudawa a ƙasashen waje a matsayin sake zagayowar 'yanci da tabbatar da tsanantawa.

Ya yi karatun likitanci a Switzerland a Jami'o'in Geneva da Zurich, 1958-1963, ya yi hijira zuwa Amurka a 1964, ya auri Georgette Wasserstein (yar'uwar Bruce Wasserstein) a 1966 kuma ya kammala gidansa na likita a Jami'ar Yale a 1968. Ya zauna tare da iyalinsa a Hamden, Connecticut, inda a cikin 1970 ya kafa bincike na asibiti da horo, Cibiyar Nazarin Halin Halin Hanyar. A can ne ya gudanar da aikin bincike da rubuce-rubucen littattafai. Ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 2002 don ya ba da hankalinsa ga Wilburton Inn, wanda aka kafa a matsayin aikin Art to Science tare da hangen nesa na bunkasa wani taro don matsayinsa na ka'idoji.

Levis da aka shigar a filin masaukin, da yawa daga cikin nune-nunen fasaha na dindindin da aka gano a matsayin Gidan Tarihi na Tsarin Halitta. Ɗaya daga cikin nune-nunen, Henry Gorski retrospective, tarin aikin rayuwar Gorski ne. Wani kuma shi ne Wuri Mai Tsarki na Wizard da na Hikima . Hanyar Sculptural Trail a cikin Tarihin Ƙauna ta sake komawa ga juyin halitta na addinai a matsayin ci gaba da binciken inganta tsarin iyali. Abin tunawa da Holocaust na Levis ya jaddada sauyawar dabi'u daga ƙaunarmu ga labarun da za su iya yaudarar zuwa ga duniya na makircin labarun a matsayin tsarin warware rikice-rikicen kimiyya. Abubuwa da yawa daga tarin gidan kayan gargajiya an nuna su a gidajen tarihi da nune-nunen gallery a yankin New England.[1]

## Ayyuka
Levis an fi saninsa da ka'idar tsari, hanyar haɗin kai ga nazarin halayyar mutum da kimantawa. The Formal Theory of Behavior yana neman cancantar halaye na jiki ta hanyar amfani da ka'idodin Physics don nazarin canjin motsin rai. Levis ya wallafa kundin da yawa a kan wannan binciken, gami da Conflict Analysis: The Formal Theory of Behavior and Conflict Analyst Training .  Levis' Conflict Analysis Training ya haɗa da wasu gwaje-gwaje da Gwajin Misali na Dabbobi, ƙididdigar ƙididdiga.

Nazarinsa game da tsarin kirkirar ya gabatar da haɗin kai na ilimin halayyar dan adam, addini, fasaha da kimiyya, sake fasalin ilimin halayya, nau'ikan bincike, hanyoyin kimantawa, siffofin ɗabi'a a matsayin kimiyya, da kuma magani a matsayin taƙaitaccen shirin ilimin motsin rai. Kimiyya ta Ɗabi'a tana ba da ilimin halayyar mutum, tana lalata addinai kuma tana sulhunta su, yayin da take fadada ilimin halayya a matsayin ilimi na tilas ga jama'a gaba ɗaya.

## Manazarta
Karolos Koun

**Karolos Koun** (Girkanci: ; Satumba 13, 1908 - Fabrairu 14, 1987) ya kasance fitaccen darektan gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Girka, wanda aka fi sani da wasan kwaikwayo na tsohuwar Girka.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Koun a Bursa, Daular Ottoman ga mahaifiyar Girka da mahaifin Bayahude na Poland. Ya yi karatu a Turkiyya ta Ottoman har zuwa karshen makarantar sakandare. Ya kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Robert a Istanbul sannan ya tafi Sorbonne don karatun jami'a. Yayin da yanayin tattalin arzikin iyalinsa ya kara muni, bai iya ci gaba da karatunsa ba.

An yaba masa a duk faɗin Turai saboda lalata, kyawawan abubuwan da ya yi a karni na 5 BC na Aristophanes. A shekara ta 1942, ya kafa *Gidan wasan kwaikwayo* na gwaji da makarantar wasan kwaikwayo.

Koun ya ba da gabatarwa a Athens na ayyukan da masu rubutun wasan kwaikwayo na Turai suka yi kamar Bertolt Brecht da Luigi Pirandello. A shekara ta 1962, Koun ya samar da The Birds by Aristophanes ya lashe lambar yabo ta farko a wani bikin kasa da kasa a Paris. Ya kuma ba da umarnin wasannin da Aristophanes ya yi kamar The Frogs, Peace (wasan), Thesmophoriazusae, Lysistrata, da The Acharnians .

Ya yi aiki tare da sanannen 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Melina Mercouri . Ta buga Blanche Dubois a cikin A Streetcar Named Desire wanda Koun's Art Theater ya shirya. Sauran marubuta wasan kwaikwayo da Koun ya gabatar wa masu sauraron Girka sun hada da Jean Genet, Federico García Lorca da Eugène Ionesco . Ya kuma ba da umarnin wasan kwaikwayo na zamani da na gargajiya kamar A Midsummer Night's Dream, The Caucasian Chalk Circle, The Murder of Marat, da wasan kwaikwayo na Girka kamar The Karaghiozis kusan Vizier na George Skourtis da The Babylon na Dimitris Byzantios .

Koun ya yi aiki tare da sanannun Helenawa kamar Manos Xatzidakis, George Bakalo, Odysseas Elytis, Giannis Tsarouxis, Rallou Manoy, Basilis Rotas, Zouzou Nikoloudi, Maria Kynigou Mikis Theodorakis . Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Technis ya sami nasarar zama ɗaya daga cikin gidajen wasan kwaikwayo masu nasara a Girka da duniya. Tsuntsaye sun yi tafiya a duk faɗin duniya kamar sauran wasan kwaikwayo kamar Lysistrata, wanda aka gabatar a London tare da Oedipus Rex . Koun yana da dalibai da yawa waɗanda suka ci gaba da gidan wasan kwaikwayo bayan mutuwar Koun.

Ya kasance mai aiki a siyasa duk rayuwarsa wanda ya yi tasiri kai tsaye akan rashin tsaro na kudi a rayuwarsa. Gidan wasan kwaikwayonsa ne ke da alhakin horar da ƙarni na zinariya na 'yan wasan fim na Girka.

Karolos Koun ya mutu a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 1987 a Athens, bayan ya kamu da ciwon zuciya, yana da shekaru 78. 

## Manazarta
Sam Isra'ila

**Sam Isra'ila** (Maris 4, 1899 - Yuni 11, 1994)   ya kasance mai saka hannun jari na Amurka kuma mai gida.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Isra'ila daga dangin Yahudawa 'yan Girka[1] a Rhodes, a lokacin wani ɓangare na Daular Ottoman, wanda yanzu wani ɓangare ne na Girka. Ya yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka a shekarar 1919 kuma ya zama mai yin takalma a Seattle, Washington.[1] Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, wanda a lokacin yake da kwangilar soja don gyara takalman yaƙi a Fort Lewis kusa da Tacoma, ya fara saka hannun jari a cikin gidaje.[2] Hannun jarinsa, da yawa daga cikinsu suna cikin gundumar tarihi ta Pioneer Square, sun lalace kuma ba a so ga yawancin masu zuba jari. Ta hanyar abin da Paul Dorpat a cikin Pacific Northwest Magazine ya kira "rashin kulawa mai kyau na Isra'ila," [ba a fayyace ba] da yawa daga cikin waɗannan gine-ginen sun tsira don a gyara su bayan mutuwarsa a 1994.[4] An san shi sosai a tsakanin masu fasaha na Seattle cewa hayar ginin Isra'ila yana da kyau ga fasaha. Bai taɓa ƙara hayar ba.[3]

Isra'ila ta kafa *Kamfanin Samis Land* (yanzu kawai Samis) don gudanar da mallakarsa. Sunan ya dogara ne akan sunansa na farko da na karshe. A shekara ta 1979, ya kafa *Gidauniyar Samis*.

Isra'ila ta shafe yawancin shekarunsa na baya a Soap Lake, Washington, wanda aka ce ya tunatar da shi ƙasar Isra'ila. Bai taba yin aure ba. Ya mutu a Seattle yana da shekaru 95.

## Kyauta
Gidauniyar Samis tana tallafawa Samis kuma ta ba da sama da dala miliyan 100 don " inganta inganci da ci gaba da rayuwar Yahudawa a Jihar Washington da Jihar Isra'ila. " Gidauniwar ta bayyana cewa sama da 80% na tallafin shekara-shekara suna tallafawa ilimin Yahudawa a Washington.[ing][1]

Samis a halin yanzu yana da fiye da 500 a Washington, ciki har da kadada 16,000 (65 ) na ƙasa a wajen Seattle. A cikin Seattle, Samis ya mallaki tubalan biyu a cikin Downtown da gine-ginen tarihi 11 a Pioneer Square .  Hasumiyar Smith ta kasance wani ɓangare na fayil ɗin ta daga 1996 zuwa 2006, kuma a halin yanzu ta mallaki Ginin Collins, da sauran kadarorin.

## Manazarta