Tsofaffin Joycelyn

**Minnie Joycelyn Elders** (an haife ta a **Minnie Lee Jones** ; 13 ga Agusta, 1933) ƙwararriyar likitan yara ce kuma mai kula da lafiyar jama'a ta Amurka wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin Babban Likitan Yara na Amurka daga 1993 zuwa 1994. Ta kasance mataimakiyar Admiral a Hukumar Kula da Lafiyar Jama'a, ita ce mace ta biyu, mutum na biyu mai launin fata, kuma Ba'amurke Ba'amurke ta farko da ta yi aiki a matsayin Babban Likitan Yara.

An san dattawa da yin magana ta gaskiya game da ra'ayoyinta kan batutuwa masu sarkakiya kamar halatta shan miyagun ƙwayoyi, yin al'aura, da kuma rarraba magungunan hana haihuwa a makarantu.  An tilasta mata yin murabus a watan Disamba na 1994 a lokacin da ake takaddama sakamakon ra'ayoyinta. Dattawa farfesa ce ta farko a fannin ilimin yara a Jami'ar Arkansas don Kimiyyar Lafiya .

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi dattawa Minnie Lee Jones a Schaal, Arkansas,  ga wani iyali mai talauci, mai raba amfanin gona, kuma ita ce babba a cikin 'ya'ya takwas, kuma mai kula da ajinsu na makaranta.  Iyalin sun kuma yi shekaru biyu kusa da wani wurin yaƙi a Richmond, California kafin su koma Schaal. A kwaleji, ta canza sunanta zuwa Minnie Joycelyn Lee. A shekarar 1952, ta sami digirin BS a fannin ilmin halittu daga Kwalejin Philander Smith da ke Little Rock, Arkansas, inda ta kuma yi wa Delta Sigma Theta alƙawarin aure. Ta yi aure na ɗan lokaci da Cornelius Reynolds, ma'aikacin Tarayya, daga baya kuma ta yi wa Oliver Elders, kocin ƙwallon kwando. Bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar ma'aikaciyar jinya a asibitin Tsohon Soji da ke Milwaukee na ɗan lokaci, ta shiga Rundunar Sojan Amurka a watan Mayu 1953 kuma ta zama Laftanar ta biyu . A cikin shekaru 3 da ta yi a Soja, an horar da ita a matsayin mai ilimin motsa jiki . Daga nan ta halarci Makarantar Likitanci ta Jami'ar Arkansas, inda ta sami digirinta na MD a shekarar 1960.  Bayan kammala horon aiki a Asibitin Jami'ar Minnesota da kuma zama a fannin ilimin yara a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Arkansas, Elders ta sami digiri na MS a fannin Biochemistry a shekarar 1967.

## Daraktan Sashen Lafiya na Arkansas
A shekarar 1987, gwamna Bill Clinton na wancan lokacin ya naɗa Dattawa a matsayin Daraktan Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Arkansas, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama mace 'yar asalin Afirka ta farko a jihar da ta riƙe wannan matsayin. Wasu daga cikin manyan nasarorin da ta samu a lokacin da take kan mulki sun haɗa da rage yawan ɗaukar ciki ga matasa ta hanyar ƙara yawan hana haihuwa, ba da shawara, da ilimin jima'i a asibitocin makarantu; ƙaruwar gwajin yara tun daga 1988 zuwa 1992 da ƙaruwar kashi 24 cikin ɗari a yawan allurar rigakafi ga yara 'yan shekara biyu; da faɗaɗa samuwar ayyukan gwajin HIV da ba da shawara, gwajin cutar kansar mama, da kuma kula da tsofaffi mafi kyau. Ta kuma yi aiki tuƙuru don haɓaka mahimmancin ilimin jima'i, tsafta mai kyau, da hana shan muggan kwayoyi a makarantun gwamnati. A shekarar 1992, an zaɓe ta Shugabar Ƙungiyar Jami'an Lafiya ta Jiha da Yankuna. 

Ta sami kyautar Candace Award daga ƙungiyar National Coalition of National Bakake Women 100 a shekarar 1991. 

## Abubuwan da suka faru da wariyar launin fata
Dattawa sun yi imanin cewa adawa da nadinta a matsayin Likitan Likita ya samo asali ne daga nuna wariya da wariyar launin fata . "Wasu mutane a Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Amurka, wani rukuni daga cikinsu, ba su ma san cewa ni likita ba ne. Suna zartar da kuduri cewa daga yanzu kowace Likitan Likita dole ne ta zama likita - wanda hakan ya zama abin kunya a gare ni. ... Ba sa tsammanin mace baƙar fata ta cimma abin da na yi kuma ta yi abubuwan da na yi." 

A lokacin wata hira, an tambaye ta ko ta yi magana game da furucin Shirley Chisholm game da jin an fi zalunta a matsayinta na mace fiye da a matsayinta na Baƙar fata Ba'amurke, kuma ta amsa da cewa, "Ni ne wanda nake saboda ni baƙar fata ce."  Dattawa sun sami damar zama muryar al'ummar Baƙar fata kuma suna magana game da talauci da rawar da take takawa a cikin ɗaukar ciki na matasa, wanda babban batu ne a cikin al'umma. Matan da ba su da 'yan Afirka-Amurka mata suna "kama a cikin bauta da Kwaskwarima ta 13 ba ta yi tsammani ba,"  wanda shine babban dalilin da ya sa ta jaddada mahimmancin koyar da ilimin jima'i a makarantun gwamnati.

## Ra'ayoyi kan ilimin jima'i
A matsayinta na ƙwararriyar masaniyar cututtukan zuciya (endocrinologist), dattawa sun fi damuwa da mata matasa masu ciwon suga da ke ɗaukar ciki. Idan mata matasa masu ciwon suga suka ɗauki ciki, suna da babban yuwuwar jikinsu ya ƙi tayin ko kuma tayin ya kamu da rashin lafiya *a cikin mahaifa* . Domin hana waɗannan ɗaukar ciki, ta yi wa majinyata magana sosai game da haɗarin ɗaukar ciki da wuri da kuma mahimmancin amfani da magungunan hana haihuwa, da kuma kula da jima'i da zarar sun fara balaga. Daga cikin kimanin mata matasa 260 masu ciwon suga da ta yi wa magani, ɗaya daga cikinsu ce kawai ta ɗauki ciki.  

### Ilimin jima'i ga matasan mata 'yan Afirka-Amurka
Dattawa sun yi kira da a ilmantar da ilimin jima'i da haihuwa, musamman a cikin al'ummomin Baƙar fata. Ta soki tsoffin littattafan karatu.  wanda ya ce fararen mata ne kawai ke da al'ada ta yau da kullun, saboda fararen mata suna kan maganin hana haihuwa don daidaita al'adarsu. Baƙar fata mata ba sa neman maganin hana haihuwa cikin sauƙi saboda "masu hidimarsu [baƙar fata] suna kan mimbari suna cewa magungunan hana haihuwa kisan kare dangi ne na baƙi." Ta yi magana sosai game da ƙyamar da take yi wa maza baƙi suna cin zarafin mata baƙi da kuma cire musu zaɓin lafiyar haihuwa, domin "Idan ba za ku iya sarrafa haihuwarku ba, ba za ku iya sarrafa rayuwarku ba." 

## Babban Likitan Likita na Amurka
Dattawa sun sami kyautar ci gaban ayyukan Cibiyar Lafiya ta Ƙasa, kuma sun yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin ilimin yara a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Arkansas daga 1967. An ɗaukaka ta zuwa farfesa a 1971 kuma farfesa a 1976. Abubuwan da take sha'awa a bincike sun mayar da hankali kan ilimin endocrinology, kuma ta sami takardar shaidar gudanarwa a matsayin likitan cututtukan yara a 1978, inda ta zama mutum na farko a jihar Arkansas da ya yi hakan.  Dattawa sun sami digirin digirgir daga Kwalejin Bates a 2002.

A watan Janairun 1993, Bill Clinton ya naɗa ta a matsayin Babban Likitan Fiɗa na Amurka, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama Ba’amurke Ba’amurke na farko kuma mace ta biyu (bayan Antonia Novello ) da ta riƙe wannan muƙamin. A zaman sauraron tabbatar da ita, Dattawa sun mayar da martani ga suka kan wani lamari da ya sa ta yanke shawarar kin sanar da jama'a cewa an gano cewa kwaroron roba da sashenta ke rarrabawa a Arkansas yana da lahani, tare da raguwar aiki sau goma da aka yarda da shi. Dattawa sun ce "Ban sani ba" ko shawarar ta yi daidai, amma ta yi imani a lokacin cewa bayyana jama'a na iya haifar da rashin yarda da ingancin kwaroron roba, wanda zai zama babban haɗari.  Ta kasance zaɓi mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce kuma mai goyon bayan shirin kiwon lafiya na Clinton, don haka ba a tabbatar da ita ba sai a ranar 7 ga Satumba, 1993. A matsayinta na Babban Likitan Fiɗa, Dattawa sun kafa suna da sauri don zama mai kawo ce-ce-ku-ce. Kamar yawancin Likitan Fiɗa da suka gabace ta, ta kasance mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin wasu dalilai da suka shafi lafiya. Ta yi jayayya kan yiwuwar halatta shan ƙwayoyi, kuma ta goyi bayan rarraba magungunan hana haihuwa a makarantu. Shugaba Clinton ya tsaya tsayin daka a gaban Dattawa, yana mai cewa an yi mata mummunar fahimta.  Dattawa sun fi mayar da hankali kan rage daukar ciki ga matasa ta hanyar asibitocin makarantu, sannan suka magance bambance-bambancen lafiya ta hanyar ba da shawara kan kula da lafiya  .

### Ra'ayoyi kan halatta shan miyagun ƙwayoyi
Dattawa sun fuskanci suka, tare da suka daga gwamnatin Clinton, lokacin da ta ba da shawarar cewa halatta miyagun ƙwayoyi na iya taimakawa wajen rage aikata laifuka kuma ya kamata a yi nazarin ra'ayin. A ranar 15 ga Disamba, 1993, kusan mako guda bayan yin waɗannan maganganun, an shigar da ƙara a kan ɗanta Kevin saboda sayar da hodar iblis a wani lamari da ya shafi jami'an ɓoye watanni huɗu da suka gabata. Dattawa sun yi imanin cewa lamarin ya kasance makirci ne kuma lokacin da aka yi tuhumar an tsara shi ne don kunyata ta da shugaban ƙasa.  An yanke wa Kevin Elders hukunci, kuma an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 10 a gidan yari, wanda ya yi watanni huɗu a ciki.   Ya ɗaukaka ƙarar hukuncin da aka yanke masa zuwa Kotun Koli ta Arkansas, kuma kotun ta tabbatar da hukuncin. Kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa Dattawa sun kasa nuna cewa an kama shi da laifin sayar da miyagun ƙwayoyi.  Babu wani ƙarin ɗaukaka ƙara.

### Sharhi kan zubar da ciki da kuma al'aura
A watan Janairun 1994, dangane da zubar da ciki, dattawa sun ce, "Muna buƙatar mu shawo kan wannan soyayyar da muke yi da tayin mu fara damuwa da yara." 

Daga baya a wannan shekarar, an gayyace ta ta yi jawabi a wani taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan cutar kanjamau . An tambaye ta ko ya dace a inganta yin amfani da taba a matsayin hanyar hana matasa shiga cikin nau'ikan ayyukan jima'i masu haɗari, sai ta amsa, "Dangane da tambayarka ta musamman game da taba azzakari, ina ganin hakan wani abu ne da ke cikin sha'awar ɗan adam kuma wani ɓangare ne na wani abu da wataƙila ya kamata a koya masa. Amma ba mu ma koya wa 'ya'yanmu muhimman abubuwa ba. Kuma ina jin cewa mun daɗe muna gwada jahilci kuma lokaci ya yi da za mu gwada ilimi." 

### Murabus
Kalaman dattawa kan al'aurar mata sun haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce mai yawa, wanda hakan ya sa Dattawan suka rasa goyon bayan Fadar White House. Babban ma'aikacin Clinton, Leon Panetta, ya ce, "Akwai wurare da yawa da Shugaban Ƙasa bai yarda da ra'ayoyinta ba. Wannan ya yi yawa."  A watan Disamba na 1994, Shugaba Clinton ya tilasta wa Dattawa yin murabus.    Wannan ya sa dillalin Good Vibrations mai nuna alamun jima'i a 1995 ya ayyana ranar 28 ga Mayu a matsayin Ranar Al'aurar Mata ta Ƙasa don girmama fafutukar Dattawa.  

An gudanar da tarin takardun ƙwararru na Dattawa a ɗakin karatu na ƙasa na likitanci da ke Bethesda, Maryland. 

## Ayyukan bayan gwamnati da girmamawa

Tun bayan barin mukaminta na Babban Likitan Fiɗa, Dattawa ta koma Jami'ar Arkansas don Kimiyyar Lafiya a matsayin farfesa a fannin kula da lafiyar yara, kuma a halin yanzu farfesa ce ta Emerita a UAMS. Tana yawan halartar taron lacca, tana magana game da ɗaukar ciki ga matasa .

An shigar da ita cikin Omicron Delta Kappa a matsayin wacce ta fara *bayar da kyaututtuka* a SUNY Plattsburgh a shekarar 1996.

A shekarar 1997, Elders sun buga wani tarihin rayuwa. 

Ta bayyana a talabijin a cikin shirin Penn and Teller: Bullshit! a lokacin shirin da ya shafi kauracewa a shekarar 2006, inda ta ce tana ɗaukar shirye-shiryen kauracewa kawai a matsayin cin zarafin yara kuma ta tattauna ra'ayoyinta kan ilimin jima'i na matasa, al'aura da kuma hana ɗaukar ciki.

A cikin wani kasidar da ta rubuta a ranar 15 ga Oktoba, 2010, ta bayyana goyon bayanta ga halatta amfani da wiwi : 

A shekara ta 2009, dattawa sun haɗu da Jami'ar Minnesota don kafa shugaba ta farko a fannin Ilimin Lafiyar Jima'i, wani asusu don jawo hankali da kuma riƙe ƙwararrun malamai na ilimin lafiyar jima'i a cikin Shirin Ilimin Jima'i na Ɗan Adam a Makarantar Likitanci ta Jami'ar Minnesota . 

An yi mata hira a cikin wani shirin fim na shekarar 2013 mai suna How to Lose Your Budurciity game da ra'ayoyinta game da cikakken ilimin jima'i da ilimin jima'i na kauracewa jima'i kawai.

A shekarar 2015, Kwalejin Philander Smith, *makarantar* da dattawa suka kafa, ta kafa Makarantar Dattawa ta Dr. Joycelyn ta Lafiyar Jama'a da Jiki. 

An shigar da dattawa cikin zauren shahararru na mata na Arkansas a shekarar 2016. 

*Sticky: A (Self) Love Story* wani shirin gaskiya ne na shekarar 2016 game da al'aura wanda ya haɗa da hira da dattawa game da abin da ya faru da aka nemi ta yi murabus daga gwamnatin Clinton.

A shekarar 2019, *[[Time (magazine)|Time]]* ta ƙirƙiri sabbin mujallu guda 89 don bikin mata na shekara tun daga shekarar 1920; ta zaɓi dattawa a shekarar 1994. 

## Duba kuma

* *Sticky: Labarin Soyayya (Kai)*, wani shirin gaskiya na shekarar 2016 kan al'aura, ciki har da hira da Dattawa game da abin da ya faru da aka nemi ta yi murabus daga gwamnatin Clinton.

## Manazarta