Patricia Banks Edmiston

**Patricia Noisette Banks Edmiston** (an haife ta a ranar 27 ga Afrilu, 1937)  Ba’amurke ce wacce ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ma’aikatan jirgin baƙaƙe na farko.  Ta yaƙi da ayyukan nuna wariya a Amurka ta hanyar fara shari’a a kan Capital Airlines (wanda aka haɗa zuwa United Airlines a 1961) ta hannun Hukumar Yaƙi da Wariya ta Jihar New York . Ta yi nasara a shari’ar da ta haifar da fara ɗaukar ƙarin kamfanonin jiragen sama baƙaƙe mata aiki.

Bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da jiragen sama, Banks Edmiston ta ci gaba da aiki a fannoni daban-daban a masana'antar hana shan miyagun ƙwayoyi . Ta ci gaba da karatunta kuma ta sami digiri na farko daga Kwalejin Jihar Empire . Ta yi aiki a kwamitin gudanarwa na Black Flight Attendants of America, kuma a shekarar 2010 aka karɓe ta a cikin Ƙungiyar Shahararrun Jiragen Sama ta Black Aviation Hall of Fame.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Patricia Noisette Banks a birnin New York a ranar 27 ga Afrilu, 1937 ga iyayenta Sadie da Joseph Banks.  Ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Aquinas a shekarar 1955. Banks Edmiston ta halarci Kwalejin Queens na tsawon shekara guda don yin karatun ilimin halayyar dan adam.  Yayin da take halartar Kwalejin Queens, ta karanta wani labari game da Makarantar Koyon Aikin Sama ta Grace Downs. Banks Emiston ta san "mutanen Afirka ba su da damar yin tafiye-tafiye da yawa haka," kuma ta yi tunanin zai zama dama mai kyau. Ta nemi aiki kuma an karɓe ta a Makarantar Koyon Aikin Sama ta Grace Downs a shekarar 1956.

## Sana'a
Bayan kammala horonta na zama mai kula da harkokin jiragen sama, Banks Edmiston ta nemi aiki a kamfanonin jiragen sama daban-daban. Duk da haka, ta fuskanci ƙin amincewa akai-akai,   wanda ba sabon abu ba ne ga mata baƙar fata da ke da irin wannan matsayi a lokacin.  Mohawk Airlines, Trans World Airlines, da Capital Airlines sun yi mata hira, amma ba a zaɓe ta don ta ci gaba da ɗaukar ma'aikata ba. 

### Ƙarar shari'a
A lokacin tantance Capital Airlines, Banks Edmiston da farko ta sami maki na "B+" daga babbar mai masaukin baki, wanda kamfanin ya ɗauka a matsayin "wanda aka amince da shi don aiki a nan gaba", amma daga baya an soke aikace-aikacenta bisa buƙatar darektan kula da fasinjoji.  Wata babbar mai masaukin baki a Capital Airlines ta shaida wa Banks Edmiston cewa "kamfanin bai ɗauki baƙaƙen mutane aiki a cikin ƙarfin jirgin sama ba".  A lokacin, matukan jirgi, injiniyoyi, da masu hidima ba sa yawan zama Baƙaƙe . 

A shekarar 1957, bayan neman shawara daga Adam Clayton Powell Jr., ɗan majalisar wakilai baƙar fata ɗaya tilo daga New York a lokacin,  Banks Edmiston ta yanke shawarar ɗaukar matakin shari'a a kan Capital Airlines. Ta yi hakan ta hanyar shigar da ƙara mai shafuka 72 ga Hukumar Yaƙi da Wariya ta Jihar New York.    Kamfanin jirgin, a cikin kare kansa, ya yi iƙirarin cewa ƙarar ba ta da amfani saboda shekarunta, ta zarce dokar kwanaki 90 na ƙuntatawa .  Bugu da ƙari, sun yi iƙirarin cewa ba sa gudanar da ayyukan ɗaukar ma'aikata a New York.  Sun dage cewa ba sa nuna wariya kuma dalilin da ya sa suka ƙi ɗaukar Banks Edmiston aiki ba saboda launin fatarta ba ne, sai dai saboda rashin ƙwarewarta da kuma "saboda tana da mummunan haƙori".   Dangane da hujjojin kamfanin jirgin, Banks Edmiston ya jawo hankalin kwamitin cewa wariya ta Capital Airline na ci gaba da wanzuwa, yana mai watsi da ƙarewar dokar ƙuntatawa.  Ta kuma nuna cewa kamfanin jirgin yana ɗaukar ma'aikata da ɗaukar ma'aikata daga Makarantar Grace Downs da ke New York,  ɗaliban makarantar, ta haka ne yake tabbatar da cancantarta.  A ƙarshe, Banks Edmiston ta yi jayayya cewa Capital Airlines ta yi wariya, tana mai cewa "suna da masu masaukin baki 570 da ke aiki kuma babu ɗaya daga cikinsu da ke zama ɗan ƙasa ", wani tsari da ya shafi dukkan ma'aikata 1,350 da ke da alaƙa da jirgin.  
 
Bayan shekaru uku na fafatawar shari'a, Hukumar ta yanke hukunci a shekarar 1960 cewa kamfanin jirgin ya nuna wa Banks Edmiston wariya ba bisa ka'ida ba saboda launin fatarta kuma ta bukaci su ba ta aikinta.  Sun kuma umarci Kamfanin Capital Airlines da "dakatar da kuma daina bin manufar hana wawaye aiki saboda launin fatarsu, a dukkan fannoni na tafiyar da jirgin, har da na mai masaukin baki."  An kira wannan shari'ar "tsarin shari'a mai ban mamaki wanda ya kawo sauyi a masana'antar",  kuma ana yaba masa sosai da ya kai ga fara daukar wasu kamfanonin jiragen sama bakar fata aiki.  Nasarar da ta samu a shari'ar ta haifar da cin zarafi da barazana mai tsanani a lokacin, har ta kai ga Edmiston ta nemi taimakon jami'an tsaro don kare lafiyarta. 

A watan Mayun 1960, shekaru huɗu bayan fara neman aiki a Capital Airlines, Banks Edmiston ta fara aikinta a matsayin mai kula da jirgin sama.   Ita ce mace ta farko 'yar asalin Afirka a kamfanin jirgin sama.  Damuwar da ta fuskanta na nuna wariya ta launin fata yayin da take tashi a Kudancin Amurka ta yi wa Edmiston illa.  Wannan, tare da matsin lambar da ta ji na ci gaba da kasancewa ba shi da wani tasiri domin kiyaye makomar sauran ma'aikatan jirgin sama na Baƙar fata, ya sa Edmiston ta yi murabus daga Capital Airlines a 1961.  

### Bayan 1961
Daga 1970 zuwa 1972, Banks Edmiston ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara a Cibiyar Gyaran Masu Shan Sigari ta Birnin New York. Bayan haka, ta kasance manajan shirye-shirye a Majalisar Tsare-tsaren Ma'aikata ta Birnin New York. Banks Edmiston ta dauki matsayi a matsayin manajan shirye-shirye a Ofishin Ayyukan Shan Sigari da Shan Sigari na Jihar New York a 1974. A 1975 ta sami digirin farko a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam ta Kwalejin Jihar Empire . 

A shekarar 1999, ta koma Cibiyar Gyaran Addicts inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara har zuwa 2015. Edmiston ta kuma sadaukar da kwarewarta a matsayin memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na Black Flight Attendants of America. Tsakanin 1999 da 2001, Banks Edmiston ta yi aiki a American Red Cross a matsayin kyaftin na ƙungiyar bala'o'i. Ƙwarewarta ta kuma kai ga shiga cikin American Airlines Medical Wings International daga 2000 zuwa 2002. A rayuwarta ta sirri, Banks Edmiston ta yi aikin Shotokan, salon karate wanda take riƙe da bel ɗin baƙi. 

## Kyaututtuka
A ranar 5 ga Agusta, 2010, an shigar da Banks Edmiston cikin zauren shahararriyar jiragen sama ta Black Aviation Hall a gidan adana kayan tarihi na ƙasa saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga harkokin jiragen sama.  Smithsonian ya kuma karrama ta. 

## Duba kuma

* Ruth Carol Taylor, Bakar fata ta farko da ta yi aiki a jirgin sama a Amurka

## Manazarta