Mutanen Fernandino

Mutanen Fernandino ƴan ƙabila ne, ƙabilanci ko ƙabilanci waɗanda suka haɓaka a Equatorial Guinea (Spanish Guinea). An samo sunansu daga tsibirin Fernando Pó, inda mutane da yawa suka yi aiki. An ba wa wannan tsibiri suna don mai binciken ɗan ƙasar Portugal Fernão do Pó, wanda aka lasafta shi da gano yankin.

## Tarihi
Kowace jama'a tana da tarihin kabilanci, zamantakewa, al'adu da harshe daban-daban. Membobin waɗannan al'ummomin sun ba da mafi yawan ayyukan da suka gina da kuma fadada masana'antar noman koko akan Fernando Pó a cikin 1880s da 1890s.  Fernandino na Fernando Po suna da alaƙa da juna. Saboda tarihin aiki a wannan yanki, inda aka ɗauki ma'aikata, wanda ya burge sosai, daga Freetown, Cape Coast, da Legas, Fernandino kuma yana da dangantaka ta iyali da waɗannan yankunan. A ƙarshe waɗannan kabilun da suka bambanta sun yi aure kuma sun haɗa kai. A cikin karni na 21 Bioko, ana ɗaukar bambance-bambance a matsayin ƙananan.

## 'Yan asalin ƙasar Fernandinos
Ƙungiya ta Fernandinos ko Los Fernandinos , sun kasance ƴaƴan asalin ƙasar Sipaniya Guinea waɗanda suka samo asali daga tsibirin Fernando Pó (tsibirin Bioko na zamani), tsibiri ne da mai binciken Fernão do Pó ya gano. Wannan rukunin ya ƙunshi mulattoes na baƙar fata Bubi da kuma farar fata namiji mahaifan Mutanen Espanya, kuma sun kasance ɓangare na ajin zamantakewa na emancipados. Yara da yawa daga irin waɗannan ƙungiyoyin ba mahaifinsu ya yi da'awar ba; duk da haka, wasu ma'aurata sun yi aure a karkashin dokar Katolika. Domin matan Bubi gabaɗaya su ke da alhakin renon yaransu da kuma kula da ƴaƴan jinsin su, sun haɗa da kuma sun sami karɓuwa a wajen ƙabilar Bubi.

Hakazalika, ƴan asalin ƙasar Portugal da suka fito daga ƙasar mulatto na São Tomé da Principe, tsibiri kuma mai bincike Fernão do Pó ya gano, ana kuma kiranta da Fernandinos, a wani lokaci.

### Harshe
Dan asalin ƙasar Fernandinos ya yi magana da Mutanen Espanya na Equatoguine, Faransanci, Bube da wani nau'i na pidgin Turanci mai suna Pichinglis. An yi amfani da yaren a cikin ayyukan kasuwanci, kuma ƙila ya ɗan bambanta kowane yanki. A cikin Francoist Spain, an wulakanta wannan yaren crole.

### Addini
Yawancin Bubi da ke zaune a Bioko lokacin mulkin mallaka sun zama Roman Katolika. Mulatto Fernandinos an girma musamman a matsayin Roman Katolika.

## Krio Fernandinos
Sauran Fernandinos na Equatorial Guinea sun fito ne daga ’yantattun bayi na Saliyo da Laberiya masu magana da Ingilishi. Ainihin, Krios zuriyar baƙar fata ne waɗanda aka sake tsugunar da su daga London, Caribbean da Nova Scotia zuwa Saliyo a ƙarshen 18th da farkon ƙarni na 19th. Wasu bayi ne a da a Amurka wadanda Turawan mulkin mallaka suka 'yantar da su bayan yakin juyin juya halin Amurka. 'Yan Afirka da aka 'yantar da su daga haramtacciyar cinikin bayi da sojojin Burtaniya suka yi bayan 1808.

A cikin ayyuka daban-daban, da Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Mulkin Amirka ta goyi bayan, ƙungiyoyin 'yan Afirka na Amurka sun yi hijira zuwa Laberiya, wanda aka kafa a matsayin mulkin mallaka na Amurka a yammacin Afirka, a cikin shekarun antebellum. 'Yan Afirka da aka 'yanta daga cinikin bayi a gabar tekun yammacin Afirka sun kara adadinsu.

An kai ma'aikata daga Saliyo da musamman Laberiya a matsayin ma'aikata zuwa tsibirin Bioko. A matsayinsu na masu magana da Ingilishi tare da wasu al'adun Anglo, sun zama babban ƙarfi a cikin juyin halitta na al'umma da tattalin arziki na gida kuma sun ɗauki matsayin jagoranci. Sun kasance suna son yin aure a tsakanin su, kamar yadda suka gano cewa sun bambanta da na gida, marasa ilimi da / ko ’yan asalin ’yan asalin. Krios a ƙarshe sun haɗu da jama'ar gida, tare da Krio mata da yara suna ɗaukar sunayen dangin ƴan asalin. Sun ba da gudummawa ga gauraye na kabilanci/kabilanci waɗanda ke zaune tare da gabar Yammacin Afirka.

Krios ya zo ne daga Saliyo a tsibirin Fernando Po a shekara ta 1827, shekara guda bayan Birtaniya ta yi hayar tsibirin na tsawon shekaru 50. Krios ya shiga kwararowar ɗaruruwan 'yan gudun hijira na Creole da suka fito daga Afirka daga Cape Coast da sauran ƙungiyoyi daga ƙasashen da Birtaniyya ta yi wa mulkin mallaka a Afirka. Krios ya fara mamaye tashar jiragen ruwa da ake kira Clarence Cove. Mazaunan farko sun sayi gidaje akan dala 3,000 zuwa dala 5,000, tare da ɗimbin manyan masu shukar da suka tsunduma cikin harkar noman koko da doya. Masu masana'antar Ingilishi da Mutanen Espanya ne ke sarrafa wannan. Wani ɗan tarihi ɗan Biritaniya na ƙarni na sha tara ya kwatanta Krios kamar yadda aka gani don nasarar ilimi da ƙwarewar kasuwanci.

### Aure
Ƙungiyar tana da alaƙa da sauran al'ummomin Creole na Yammacin Afirka a Freetown, Cape Coast da Legas. Endogamy ya kasance al'adar aure ta gama-gari, kuma iyalai sun daidaita kansu don kiyaye, da haɓaka, mallakar kadarori gami da haɗin gwiwar zamantakewa da kasuwanci a wajen tsibirin. Saboda haka, kafin ƙarni na 20, Ikklisiya ba ta amince da auren da ba Creoles ba, da aka sani da auren daji. Duk da haka, an gane su a cikin zamantakewa.

### Al'adu
Krio Fernandinos ƴan Ingilishi ne da Furotesta da kuma reshen al'adu na Burtaniya ta Yamma. An taɓa lura da su a matsayin masu tsananin kyamar baki. Babban misali na wannan shine Krio Fernandino, kuma ɗan uba ɗan Scotland, mai suna Henry Hugh Gardner. 'Yan sandan Spain sun yi masa duka bayan da ya kashe matar sa haifaffiyar Katolika 'yar asalin Kamaru, Victoria Castellanos. A wasiyyar mahaifiyarsa, Gardner ya ƙi ya auri Castellanos saboda ta ƙi tuba ta addini. Ta, sa'an nan, ta shiga cikin Katolika-mutuwa wanda ya fusatar da Lambu.

Krio Fernandinos sun kasance, da farko, ba su da sha'awa kuma ba ruwansu da mulkin Mutanen Espanya. Koyaya, a ƙarshen 1800s, yayin da tasirin al'adun Mutanen Espanya da addini ya karu a tsibirin, Krio Fernandinos ya gano cewa yin aure kaɗai cikin asalin al'adarsu ya zama ƙasa da amfani ga rayuwar siyasa da tattalin arziki.

### Harshe
A cikin dukan tsararraki, Fernandinos sun ci gaba da kula da yarensu, Fernando Po Creole Turanci (aka Pichinglis). Krio Fernandinos sun fi mayar da hankali a kusa da Malabo. Ko da yake sun ƙunshi wata ƙabila dabam a cikin Equatorial Guinea, yaren pidgin nasu ana magana ne a cikin al'ummomi shida kawai (Musola, Las Palmas, Sampaca, Basupu, Fiston da Balueri de Cristo Rey / Bottle Nose). A cikin 1998 an kiyasta cewa adadin masu iya magana da kyau na wannan yaren Equatoguine ya kai 5,000. Kusan kashi ɗaya cikin biyar na waɗannan masu magana 5,000 suna da wannan Ingilishi na Creole a matsayin harshensu tilo. Har zuwa Equatoguineans 70,000 na iya amfani da shi azaman yaren ciniki. A cikin karni na 21, Fernando Po Creole Turanci da Pichinglis an daɗe ana haɗa su zuwa yare ɗaya.

### Addini
Yawancin Krio Fernandinos Kirista ne. Krios sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban cocin Furotesta a Bioko. Zuriyar iyayen Iberian sun kasance Katolika.

### Mashahuran iyalai na Krio Fernandino

## Dubi kuma

* Mutanen Afro-Hispanic
* 'Yan Afirka da Spain
* Yaren mutanen Atlantic
* Mutanen Aku (Gambian Creoles)
* Baƙar fata na Afirka
* Yammacin Turai da Afirka
* Birnin Freetown
* Fernão do Pó, tsohon ɓangare na *Fernando Pó* wanda ya haɗa da Tsibirin Bioko .
* São Tomé da Príncipe
* Mutanen Saro (Nigerian Creoles) 
* Mutanen Creole na Saliyo
* Guinea ta Mutanen Espanya
* Mutanen Espanya na Equatoguineans

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje

* Fernandinos
* Yakpo, Kofi (2009) "A Grammar of Pichi", 692 pp. Wannan mahada ta buɗe pdf na cikakkiyar bayanin harshe na Pichinglis (Pichi / Fernando Po Creole English) har zuwa yanzu ta masanin harshe Kofi Yakpo (Jami'ar Nijmegen)