Ƙwallon Ƙafa a Afirka

Wasan ƙwallon ƙafa shine mafi shaharar wasanni a Afirka . Tabbas, wasan ƙwallon ƙafa shi ne wasan da ya fi shahara a kowace ƙasa ta Afirka, ko da yake Rugby da cricket suma sun shahara sosai a Afirka ta Kudu. 

## Tarihi
Turawa sun fara gabatar da ƙwallon ƙafa a Afirka a farkon shekarun 1860,  saboda mulkin mallaka na Afirka. An buga wasannin farko da aka yi rikodin a Afirka ta Kudu a shekara ta 1862 tsakanin sojoji da ma'aikatan gwamnati kuma babu wasu ka'idoji da aka kafa na wasan a wannan lokacin;  " Da farko, akwai nau'ikan wasan daban-daban, waɗanda suka haɗa da abubuwa na rugby da ƙwallon ƙafa. Sai a ranar 26 ga Oktoba, 1863 aka tsara "dokokin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa."  Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta farko a Afirka, Pietermaritzburg County Football Association, an kafa ta a shekara ta 1880. An kafa ƙungiyoyi a Afirka ta Kudu kafin shekarar 1900, Masar da kuma a Aljeriya a daidai wannan lokaci. Savages FC (Pietermaritzburg, Afirka ta Kudu), da Gezira SC sune tsoffin ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Afirka da suka rage. Dukansu sun fara wasa a 1882 sai Alexandria SC (1890), CDJ Oran daga Aljeriya a 1894 da CAL Oran daga Aljeriya shima a 1897. A cikin shekarun 1930, ana buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a Afirka ta Tsakiya. A cikin 1882, an kafa hukumar gudanarwa ta ƙasa ta farko kan abubuwan da ke ciki, Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Afirka ta Kudu (SAFA). SAFA kungiya ce ta farar fata kawai wacce ta zama memba na farko a FIFA a Afirka ta Kudu a cikin 1910. 

Da yake Afirka wata nahiya ce mai tsananin camfi, ƙungiyoyin Afirka da yawa sun dogara da matsafa don samun nasara.      Ayyukan da matsafa suka yi wa ƙungiyoyi sun haɗa da yankan ƴan wasa, sanya kayan maye, da kuma sadaukar da dabbobi. 

Har ila yau, yara kan yi amfani da su ta hanyar wakilai a lokuta na fataucin kwallon kafa.     Sauran batutuwan da ake fuskanta a wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Afirka sun haɗa da rashin tsari daga jami'an ƙungiyar, da kuma taƙaddamar cikin gida tsakanin ƴan wasa da jami'an hukumar.  Wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a nahiyar Afrika ya samu gagarumin ci gaba a mataki na karshe, wanda ya samu karɓuwa a duniya, bayan karramawa da wakilcin tawagar ƴan wasan Congo TP Mazembe a gasar cin kofin duniya na ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na FIFA na 2010, gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA da Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta karɓi baƙunci a lokacin da TP Mazembe ta kai wasan karshe da Italiyanci kulob Inter Milan . Da kuma tawagar Morocco Raja a 2013 FIFA Club World Cup, gasar da Morocco ta shirya a lokacin da Raja ta kai wasan karshe da Jamus club Bayern Munich .

A cikin shekarun 1990, wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a Afirka ya sami gagarumin sauyi. Wani babban canji shine ƙauran ƙwallon ƙafa zuwa Turai. Yawancin matasa masu hazaka sun nemi manyan sana'o'i a Turai kuma suna harbe-harbe saboda damar da suke da ita don yin girma. Peter Alegi ya ambaci labarin biyu musamman: Michael Essien wanda ya ƙare ya sami miliyoyin, da Albert Youmba wanda ya ƙare. Ya kara da cewa, "marasa kuɗi, marasa gida, kuma ba tare da izinin aiki ba, matashin ɗan ƙasar Kamaru ya zabi rayuwar wani bakin haure ba bisa ka'ida ba maimakon fuskantar abin kunya da kunya idan ya koma gida."  Wahalhalun da Youmba ya fuskanta dangane da irin nasarorin da Essien ya samu ya nuna irin abubuwan da matashin ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Afirka zai kasance a shirye ya fuskanta idan ya yi hijira.

## Canje-canje
An kafa Hukumar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Afirka (CAF) a shekara ta 1957, Sudan ita ce ta kafa Hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Afirka ta hanyar kafa CAF tare da kasashe hudu: Masar, Habasha, Afirka ta Kudu, da Sudan .  A wannan shekarar ne dai aka gudanar da gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka na farko, inda aka hada da ƙungiyoyi uku. Masar ta lashe gasar cin kofin Afrika karo na farko bayan da ta doke Habasha da ci 4-0 a wasan ƙarshe.  Yayin da wasanni ke bunƙasa ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa sun karu a fadin nahiyar. An ƙara zagayen cancanta don taron 1962. Tawagar ƙasashen Afirka na fafata a gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka da kuma gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka na ƙungiyoyin cikin gida.  

Ƙasar Afirka ta farko da ta shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ita ce Masar a 1934.  Wannan shi ne karo na daya tilo da wata ƙungiya daga nahiyar ta buga gasar cin kofin duniya har zuwa shekarar 1966, lokacin da aka tsara wata ƙungiya daga CAF tun da farko za ta fafata a wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar tare da ƙungiyoyin Asiya da Oceania domin samun gurbi ɗaya. Dangane da mayar da martani, ƙasashen CAF sun ƙaurace wa shiga gasar cin kofin duniya, kuma FIFA ta baiwa CAF damar samun damar shiga gasar ta 1970.  Tun daga shekarar 1970, ƙasashen Afirka a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA suka fara fafatawa akai-akai.   Zaire ya kasance wakilin Afirka a gasar 1974 .     Ƙungiyar ta yi rashin nasara a dukkan wasanninta uku.  A cikin 1977, Pelé ya bayyana imaninsa cewa wata ƙungiya daga nahiyar za ta zama zakara a gasar cin kofin duniya a karshen ƙarni na 20, wanda ya nuna kuskure. 

Bayan gasar cin kofin duniya na 1970, 1974, da 1978, wanda kowannensu ya samu tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka, a shekarar 1982, akwai ƙungiyoyi biyu daga nahiyar, wato Aljeriya da Kamaru, wadanda kowannensu bai samu damar tsallakewa zuwa matakin rukuni ba da maki . Gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1986 da 1990 kuma ta kunshi ƙasashen Afirka biyu; Morocco ta kai wasan zagaye na 16 a shekara ta 1986 bayan ta zama ta daya a rukuninsu.  Kamaru ta tsallake zuwa zagayen kusa da na karshe a gasar cin kofin duniya ta shekarar 1990, inda ta zama tawaga ta farko a Afirka da ta taɓa yin hakan. Senegal da Ghana sun yi daidai da wasan, a 2002 da 2010 bi da bi.  Zuwa shekarar 2010 Afirka ta Kudu ta zama ƙasa ta farko a Afirka da ta karɓi baƙuncin gasar cin kofin duniya.  

## Ƙwallon Ƙafa na mata
A Afirka, ana kallon ƙwallon ƙafa a matsayin "hypermasculine" kuma nahiyar gaba daya ba ta goyon bayan mata masu wasa.  Garuruwan Najeriya da dama ne suka karɓi baƙuncin ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na mata a shekarar 1960. An yi ƙoƙari da yawa a cikin shekarun 1960 don fara ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na mata a Afirka ta Kudu, amma sun kasance masu wucewa. A shekarun 1970 ne aka samu ci gaba, inda aka samu sabbin wasannin lig na mata a Najeriya da kuma faɗaɗa wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa na mata zuwa ƙasashen yammacin Afirka ciki har da Senegal. Wani kulob a Dakar ya buga wasa da wani kulob na Italiya a 1974; Shekaru biyar bayan haka, an buga wasan farko tsakanin ƙasashen Afirka da bangaren Dakar da wata tawagar ƙasar Guinea.  Har zuwa shekarun 1990, gwamnatoci, kasuwanni, da ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa da maza suka mamaye ba sa goyon bayan wasan kwallon kafa na mata a Afirka. 

Duk da rashin goyon bayan jami'an Najeriya, ƙungiyoyin 28 sun buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na mata a ƙasar a shekarar 1989, kuma tawagar ƴan wasan Najeriya sun fafata a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata a shekarar 1991. An kafa hukumar ƙwallon ƙafan mata ta Afrika ta Kudu (SAWFA) domin gudanar da wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na mata, sai dai shekaru masu zuwa ba a hada ta da kabilanci.  Mata da yawa sun fara buga kwallon kafa a shekarun 1990, a kasashe kamar Najeriya da Afirka ta Kudu. A cikin 1998, CAF ta gabatar da Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Afirka a hukumance, biyo bayan nau'ikan gasar biyu da ba na hukuma ba a farkon shekarun 1990; Najeriya mai masaukin baki ta samu nasara, inda ta fara lashe gasar sau biyar a jere. A shekara ta gaba, tawagar ta kai wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta 1999 . 

Mata suna buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a ƙayyadaddun yanayi saboda ƙarancin kuɗi.  Halin maza na wasan kwallon kafa ya kawo cikas ga shigar mata a fagen kwallon kafa a Afirka.   

## Duba kuma

*  Football in Africa portal

## Manazarta