Hanyoyin rawa na Tamil Nadu

Ana yin rawa iri-iri a Tamil Nadu, jihar da ke kudancin Indiya. Tamil Nadu ita ce gidan mutanen Tamil, waɗanda ke jin yaren Tamil, ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin harsunan da suka wanzu a Indiya. Tare da shaidar kayan tarihi da ke nuna cewa yankin Tamilakam yana zaune sama da shekaru 3,800, al'adun Tamil sun ga tasiri da yawa a tsawon shekaru kuma sun bunƙasa ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Tare da al'adunta daban-daban, nau'ikan rawa daban-daban da na rukuni sun samo asali ne daga yankin.

Kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin adabin Tamil, nau'ikan rawa sun ƙunshi wani ɓangare na *nun kalaigal* (fasahar zane mai kyau) wanda ya haɗa da kiɗa, da wasan kwaikwayo. Bharatanatyam babban nau'in rawa ne na gargajiya wanda ya samo asali a jihar. Akwai nau'ikan rawa na gargajiya da yawa da ake yi a yankin, wasu daga cikinsu sun samo asali ne daga zamanin Sangam (ƙarni na 3 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa). Koothu sanannen zane ne na wasan kwaikwayo wanda daga ciki ya haɗa rawa da wasan kwaikwayo.

## Bayani da tarihi
Duk da cewa shaidar kayan tarihi ta nuna cewa mutanen da ke zaune a yankin Tamil Nadu kusan shekaru 400 da suka gabata, mutanen zamani sun rayu a cikinsa tsawon akalla shekaru 3,800.    Tamilakam yanki ne da ya ƙunshi kudancin yankin Indiya, gami da jihar Tamil Nadu ta yanzu, kuma tsoffin mutanen Tamil ne ke zaune a ciki.  Tamil suna magana da yaren Tamil, ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin harsunan da suka tsira a Indiya.     An yi mulkin yankin a cikin shekaru da yawa, manyan daga cikinsu su ne zamanin Sangam (300 BC–AD 300) na Cheras, Cholas, da Pandyas . Sauran manyan ƙa'idodi sun haɗa da Pallavas (ƙarni na 3–9), da kuma Vijayanagaras na baya (ƙarni na 14–17).  da kuma Daular Vijayanagara ta baya (ƙarni na 14-17 AD).  Yankin ya kasance ƙarƙashin mulkin mallaka na Turai na tsawon ƙarni biyu har zuwa lokacin ' Yancin Kan Indiya a 1947.    Saboda haka, al'adu sun ga tasiri da yawa a tsawon shekaru kuma sun bunƙasa ta hanyoyi daban-daban. A zamanin Sangam, an rarraba nau'ikan fasaha daban-daban zuwa nau'i uku: *iyal* (waƙa), *isai* (kiɗa) da *nadakam* (wasan kwaikwayo).   A cikin adabin Tamil na baya, an rarraba nau'ikan fasaha zuwa manyan rukuni biyu: *nun kalaigal* (fasahar zane mai kyau) waɗanda suka haɗa da rawa, kiɗa, da wasan kwaikwayo da *kavin kalaigal* (fasahar zane mai kyau) waɗanda suka haɗa da wasu kamar gine-gine, sassaka, zane da waƙa.  Yawancin nau'ikan rawa na mutum ɗaya da na rukuni sun samo asali ne daga yankin.

## Rawar gargajiya

Bharatanatyam babban nau'in rawa ce ta gargajiya ta Indiya wadda ta samo asali daga Tamil Nadu.     Sangeet Natak Akademi ta amince da ita a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin nau'ikan rawa ta gargajiya a Indiya.   Sunan yana da alaƙa da kalmar Tamil *Bharatam* da *Natyam*, kalmar Sanskrit don rawa. An samo *Bharatam* ne daga haruffan farko na kalmomin Tamil *bhavam* (ji, motsin rai), *ragam* (ƙaramin waƙa, tsarin bayanin kiɗa), da *talam* (ƙarami).    An samo bayanin rawan a cikin ƙarni na 2 AD. An samo adabin Sangam na *Silappatikaram* da sassaka na haikali waɗanda aka yi su tun farkon tsakiyar zamani (ƙarni na 6 zuwa 9 AD) a cikin sifar rawa.  An samo tushen ka'idar rawa a cikin rubutun Tamil *na Kootha Nool* da kuma a cikin *Natya Shastra*, rubutun Sanskrit na fasahar wasan kwaikwayo.   A cewar wasu masana ilimin halittar jiki, asalin rawan yana da alaƙa da al'adun devadasi, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a cikin gidajen ibada na Hindu. 

A al'adance, Bharatanatyam rawa ce ta kaɗaici da mata ke yi.  Ana kiran mai rawa mutum ɗaya da *ekaharya* .  Mai rawa yana tare da mawaƙa da mawaƙa ɗaya ko fiye.  Yawanci, guru yana nan a matsayin darakta da jagoran wasan kwaikwayon.  Waƙar da ke tare tana cikin salon Carnatic na Kudancin Indiya, kamar yadda ake yi da kuma rera waƙa.  A cikin zamani na gyare-gyare na rawa, ƙungiyar rawa ta ƙunshi 'yan rawa da yawa, waɗanda za su iya yin takamaiman haruffa a cikin labari ko kuma an yi musu rawa don yin wasa a lokaci guda.  Kundin rawar ya ɓullo zuwa *nrita* (rawar tsarkakiya), *nritya* (rawar bayyana ra'ayi ɗaya) da *natya* (rawar wasan kwaikwayo ta rukuni).  

Rawar ta kasance nau'i na fassarar labaran tatsuniyoyi, ra'ayoyin addini da na ruhaniya daga rubuce-rubucen Hindu .  Rawar Bharatanatyam ta gargajiya tana bin tsari bakwai zuwa takwas na gabatarwa da ake kira *margams* .  Masu rawa galibi suna sanye da saris mai launuka iri-iri na siliki tare da zane mai launin zinare ko azurfa a kan iyakoki, an lulluɓe su ta wata hanya ta musamman kuma an ƙawata su da kayan ado daban-daban.  Duk masu rawa suna sanya sawun ƙafafu na fata waɗanda aka yi da ƙananan kararrawa a kowace ƙafa da ake kira *salangai* .    Rawar tana da siffa ta jiki mai ƙarfi tare da ƙafafu masu lanƙwasa ko gwiwoyi masu lanƙwasa tare da aikin ƙafafu daban-daban da kuma wasu alamu da aka sani da *abhinaya*, waɗanda ake yi ta amfani da nau'ikan *mudras* na hannu, ido da fuska daban-daban.  *Arangeram* (a zahiri "hawa kan mataki") wasa ne na farko da mutum ɗaya ke yi wanda ke nuna kammala horo na farko na matashin ɗan rawa. Wannan wasan kwaikwayo yawanci ana yin shi shekaru goma zuwa goma sha biyu bayan ɗan rawa ya fara koyon rawa.  

## Rawar gargajiya

### Kai silambattam
Silambu wani abu ne mai kama da ƙugiya mai ƙugiya wanda aka yi da ƙarfe kamar tagulla kuma an cika shi da ƙarfe ko azurfa wanda ke haifar da hayaniya lokacin da mai sa shi ya motsa ko ya yi rawa.   Yana zama tushen adabin Tamil Sangam *Silappathikaram* .  Mata galibi suna sa shi a ƙafa kuma ana kiransa *kālchilambu* a Tamil ("kal" ma'ana ƙafa). Sabanin haka, ana riƙe *kāichilambu* a hannu ("kai" ma'ana hannu).  Don rawa, masu rawa suna sanya ƙugiya kuma suna riƙe silambu a hannunsu don yin hayaniya yayin rawa.  Ana yin rawa a cikin haikali a lokacin bukukuwan Amman ko bikin Navaratri musamman don yabon alloli mata kamar Durga ko Kali . 

### Karakatam

Karakattam rawa ce ta gargajiya wadda ta ƙunshi masu rawa suna daidaita tukunyar yumbu ko ƙarfe a kai yayin da suke yin motsi da jiki.   Tukwanen na iya zama babu komai ko kuma wani lokacin cike da ruwa kuma an yi musu ado da furanni masu launuka iri-iri da ganye galibi neem, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga Tamils da addini.   Mai yin wasan kwaikwayo wani lokacin yana iya ɗaukar tukwane da yawa a saman juna.  Wannan rawa yawanci ana danganta ta da bautar Amman kuma ana yin ta a bukukuwa da bukukuwa.  Mata ne ke yin wannan salon fasaha a al'ada, waɗanda ke sanya saris. Maza suna yin kwalliya na iya haɗuwa da su wani lokacin a matsayin wani ɓangare na labarin.  A ƙarni na 21, an sami canje-canje masu mahimmanci a cikin rawar. Wani lokaci ya sami suna da lalata inda mata ke sanya gajerun siket, suna nuna tsakar su da kuma kwalliya mai kyau. 

### Kavadiattam
 

Kavadiattam galibi aikin sadaukarwa ne da kuma miƙawa ga allolin Hindu musamman Murugan .  *Kavadi* (ma'ana "nauyi" a cikin Tamil) da kanta nauyi ne na jiki. Aikin yana jaddada ɗaurin bashi kuma ta hanyar ɗaukar kavadi, mai rawa yana roƙon alloli don taimako yawanci a madadin ƙaunataccen wanda ke buƙatar warkarwa, ko kuma a matsayin hanyar daidaita bashin ruhaniya.  Kavadi mai sauƙi sandar katako ce da aka daidaita a kafadu tare da nauyi a ƙarshen biyu, yawanci tukwane na madarar shanu da aka sani da *pal kavadi* .  Kavadi na gargajiya ya ƙunshi sassa biyu na itace ko ƙarfe waɗanda aka lanƙwasa kuma aka haɗa su da tsarin giciye wanda za'a iya daidaita shi a kafaɗun mai ɗaukar kaya kuma yana da nauyi har zuwa  . Sau da yawa ana yi masa ado da furanni da gashin tsuntsun dawisu a matsayin abin girmamawa ga Murugan, da sauransu. 

Masu rawa kuma suna iya yin wani nau'in lalata jiki ta hanyar huda fata, harshe ko kuma kunci da skewers. Rawar tana tare da ganga da rera waƙoƙi suna taimaka musu su shiga cikin yanayi na rashin nutsuwa, kuma Vibuthi, wani nau'in toka mai tsarki, yana yaɗuwa a jiki.  Masu rawa galibi suna shirya kansu ta hanyar kiyaye tsabta, yin addu'o'i akai-akai, bin cin ganyayyaki da azumi yayin da suke zama ba tare da aure ba.  Suna ɗauke da kavadi kuma suna rawa da ƙafafu marasa ƙafafu galibi a kan hanyarsu ta zuwa aikin hajji. 

### Kolatam da kummi

Kolatam wata rawa ce ta gargajiya da mata ke yi wadda ake *kira* "Sanduna" a cikin Tamil.    Rawar tana amfani da ƙananan sanduna biyu, ɗaya a kowane hannu.  Masu rawa galibi suna tsayawa a cikin tsari mai zagaye kuma suna bugun sandunan don yin waƙoƙi na musamman yayin rera waƙoƙi.   Masu rawa na iya bugun sandunan da ke hannunsu ko kuma da sandunan da wasu masu rawa ke riƙe da su.  Masu rawa na iya yin da'ira da yawa tare da masu rawa suna canza nau'i-nau'i tare da membobin da'ira maƙwabta don yin waƙoƙin.   Ana yin rawan a lokacin girbi kuma na tsawon makonni biyu a cikin watan Karthigai na kalandar Tamil .  Akwai bambance-bambancen daban-daban kamar pinnal kolattam da chakke kolattam.  Pinnal kolattam yana amfani da igiyoyi maimakon sanduna.  Kummiattam rawa ce ta gargajiya kamar Kolatam, bambancin shine ana amfani da hannaye don yin sauti yayin rawa a kummiattam maimakon sandunan da ake amfani da su a baya.  Masu rawa suna yin rawa ta hanyar tafa hannuwa a wurare daban-daban.  Ana yin rawan a lokacin bukukuwan addini, ayyuka da bukukuwa kamar Pongal, galibi mata ne ke yi.   Akwai nau'ikan rawa daban-daban dangane da lokacin ko abubuwan da ake amfani da su kamar poonthotti kummi, deepa kummi, kadir kummi da mulaipuri kummi. 

### Kuthu
Ana yin rawa da Dappankuthu ko kuthu a cikin nau'in kiɗan gaana ko kuma daga kayan kida kamar parai . Ba shi da tsari sosai domin ba shi da tsari mai tsari da kuma tsari na yau da kullun.  Yana ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun nau'ikan kiɗa da ake amfani da su a sinima ta Tamil . 

### Mayilattam

Mayilattam a zahiri tana fassara zuwa "rawan peacock".  Masu rawa suna yin ado da gashin tsuntsu, riguna masu sheƙi da kuma haɗe-haɗe kamar baki.  Masu wasan kwaikwayo galibi suna zaune a kan kwafin peacock na katako kuma suna yin waƙoƙi da waƙoƙi daban-daban na gargajiya. Peacock yana wakiltar vahana ko dutsen allahn Murugan, wanda ke hawa dawisu da aka sani da Paravani.   Rawar yawanci ana keɓe ta ne ga allahn Murugan kuma ana yin ta a cikin haikalin Murugan a matsayin al'ada a lokacin bukukuwa.   Masu rawa galibi suna tsaye a kan dogayen guntun katako kuma ana iya buɗe baki. Masu rawa suna yin motsi suna kwaikwayon dawisu kuma suna sarrafa gashin tsuntsu kamar tsuntsu ta amfani da zare ko igiya. 

Akwai wasu irin rawa da ake yi a inda masu rawa ke sanya kayan dabbobi, ciki har da *Kaalaiattam* inda masu rawa ke sanya kayan bijimi da *Karadiattam* inda masu rawa ke sanya kayan bijimi . 

### Oyilattam

Oyilattam a zahiri yana nufin "rawan kyau".  Rawar gargajiya ce wadda ta samo asali daga kudancin Tamil Nadu kuma ana yin ta a yankunan kudu da Kongu Nadu .   Rawar yaƙi ce a al'ada inda maza kaɗan ne ke sanye da ƙararrawa a idon sawunsu waɗanda za su tsaya a layi da guntun zane masu launi kuma su yi matakai masu kyau zuwa ga kiɗan da ke tare da ita.  Rawar galibi ana yin ta ne don ba da labarin Murugan.  A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, mata ma sun fara yin rawa.  Oyil Kummi haɗakar Oyilattam ne da kummi. 

### Paampattam
Yara mata ƙanana ne ke yin Paampattam (wanda a zahiri yana nufin "rawan maciji"), waɗanda ke sanye da kayan ado na musamman waɗanda ke kwaikwayon fatar maciji .   Ana bauta wa macizai a sassa da yawa na jihar kuma ana ɗaukar rawar a matsayin girmamawa ga hakan. Masu rawa galibi suna kwanciya a bayansu kuma suna motsawa a ƙasa, suna juyawa, suna rarrafe da yin motsi masu sauri, suna ƙoƙarin kwaikwayon motsin maciji da kuma amfani da hannayensu don kwaikwayon murfin macijin maciji da tsoratar da masu kallo. 

### Paraiattam

Paraiattam rawa ce ta gargajiya wadda ta ƙunshi rawa yayin kunna parai, wani kayan kida na gargajiya.  Kayan kidan yana ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin kayan kida na asali da mutanen Tamil suka ƙirƙira kuma suka yi amfani da su kamar yadda aka ambata a cikin adabi kamar *Kuṟuntokai* da *Tirumurai* .   Mai kunna kayan kidan shi ma ɗan rawa ne.  Ana rataye parai a tsaye da madaurin zane mai suna *nadai* a kan ɗaya daga cikin kafadu kuma ana riƙe shi tsakanin ɗayan hannun da jikin mai wasan.   Ana amfani da sandunan katako guda biyu don bugun ganga, ɗaya da aka yi da bamboo, wanda ake kira *sundu Kuchi* da wani sandar itace mai kauri, wanda ake kira *adi Kucchi* don samar da bugun daban-daban yayin rawa. 

A cewar tatsuniyoyin Hindu da labaran gargajiya, ana kyautata zaton cewa bayanan rawar sun samo asali ne daga alloli Shiva da Parvati .  Ana amfani da ita wajen bauta wa allolin Tamil na gargajiya kamar Muneeswarar .  An yi rawar a baya a lokacin bukukuwa da kuma a lokutan alfarma.   Rawar na iya kasancewa tare da wasu kayan kida kamar Tharai a bukukuwan Tamil da fasahar gargajiya.  <  A ƙarni na ƙarshe, rawa ta ƙara kasancewa da alaƙa da jana'iza maimakon lokutan alfarma kuma an takaita ta ga al'ummomin Dalit .   *Thappattam* wata rawa ce ta ƙabila daban da ake yi tare da irin wannan kayan kida mai kama da ta thappu. Tun daga tsakiyar zamanai, an fara amfani da thappattam da pariattam a musayar ra'ayi. 

### Puliyattam

Puliyattam rawa ce ta gargajiya wadda maza ke yi inda masu rawa ke fenti kansu da launin rawaya da baƙi ta amfani da limonite da gawayi bi da bi don yin kama da tsiri na damisa . Suna kuma sanya abin rufe fuska, kunnuwa masu laushi, tafukan hannu, haƙora da wutsiya don ƙoƙarin kwaikwayon damisa.  Masu rawa suna ƙoƙarin kwaikwayon motsin damisa kamar damisa yana bin abin farauta. Wani lokaci, ana yin rawa a matsayin ƙungiya tare da kowane mai rawa yana fafatawa da ɗayan don nuna wanda ya kwaikwayi damisa da kyau.  Masu rawa suna ajiye lemun tsami a tsakanin lebe, don kada baki ya bushe yayin da suke yin sautin purring yana kwaikwayon damisa.  Yawancin lokaci ana yin rawa a lokacin Navrathri da sauran bukukuwan haikali. 

### Puraviattam

 
Poikkaal Kuthirai a zahiri yana nufin "dokin ƙafa na ƙarya" a cikin Tamil kuma rawan ya ƙunshi amfani da doki mai ban dariya.   Masu rawa suna shiga cikin firam ɗin katako wanda aka tsara kamar jikin doki a kan kwatangwalo.   An yi dokin mai ban dariya da jute, kwali ko takarda kuma an yi masa ado da kayan gilashi. Maza da mata ne ke yin rawan kuma mai rawa yana yin motsi kamar yana hawa kan doki.  An shahara da fasahar a farkon zamanin Chola kuma an ambaci *Silappadikaram* a cikin adabin Tamil a matsayin "marakkal attam", rawa mai ƙafafu na katako. Masu wasan kwaikwayo suna amfani da ƙafafun katako don yin kama da dokin tsayi da sauti kamar kofaton doki. Masu rawa wani lokacin suna iya yin takuba ko bulala kuma rawan yana tare da kiɗan gargajiya.  

### Wasu
Bhagavatha nadanam wani nau'in rawa ne da ke ba da labarin rayuwa da labaran avatars daban-daban na allahn Hindu Vishnu . Yawanci ana yin sa ne a lokacin bukukuwan Navrathri ko Vaishnavite kamar Gokulashtami .  Sevaiattam wani nau'in rawa ne da aka keɓe wa Vishnu. A tarihi, al'ummar nataka ne ke yin rawar a bayan jerin gwanon karusa.   Urumiattam (wanda kuma ake kira Urumi komaliattam) rawa ce da aka yi tare da kunna *urumi*, ganga mai fuska biyu.   Fasaha ce ta haikali da ake yi a yankuna kaɗan na jihar kuma yawanci ana yin ta a gidajen ibada na Amman a watan Adi . 

Chakkaiaattam wani nau'i ne na rawa ta gargajiya da ake yi musamman a yankunan kudu maso tsakiyar jihar.  Rawa ce ta zamantakewa da gungun maza ko mata ke yi ba tare da wani takamaiman jigo ba kuma ana iya tare da kiɗa da waƙoƙi. Yawanci ana yin ta ne a matsayin addu'a ga gumakan Tamil kamar Murugan ko Mariamman .   Masu rawa suna riƙe da sandunan katako waɗanda girmansu ya kai kimanin  tsayi da zare da aka riƙe tsakanin yatsu, wanda ake amfani da shi don samar da sautuka daban-daban. 

Deverattam yana nufin "Dance of the Gods" a cikin Tamil.  Maza ne ke yin wannan wasan kwaikwayon galibi waɗanda ke sanye da kayan kwalliya, kayan kwalliya, kuma suna iya sanya abin rufe fuska daban-daban da suka dace da jigon da aka tsara. Har ma maza ne ke yin wasan kwaikwayo na mata. Rawa ce mai kama da ba a yi amfani da ita ba kuma masu rawa suna amfani da maganganu daban-daban don bayyana jigogi daban-daban, waɗanda suka samo asali daga fannoni na yanayi, dabbobi da tsuntsaye.   Ana yin sa a bukukuwan aure, bukukuwa da kuma lokutan ibada. 

Rawar Kuravanji atam wata irin rawa ce da ta samo asali daga mutanen Kuravar . Mata shida zuwa takwas ne ke yin ta, waɗanda ke rawa da waƙoƙi daban-daban a cikin salon rawa ta gargajiya. Ta samo asali ne daga wani nau'in Shaivism, suna rawa a matsayin girmamawa ga allahn Shiva, kodayake akwai Kuravanjis na Vishnu.  Rawar da aka fi sani da ita ita ce *Thirukutrala kuravanji*, wacce aka yi tun daga 1600-1700 CE.   Rawar ta zama cakuda rawa ta gargajiya da ta gargajiya da Devadasis ke yi a cikin haikali.  A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masu rawa na Kuravanji maza ne da ke yin ado kamar mata, galibi a matsayin mata na Shiva ko Vishnu kuma suna ƙoƙarin yin rawa da juna. 

## Rawar Martial
Silambattam rawa ce ta yaƙi da ake amfani da ita wajen amfani da *silambat* .  Akwai ambaton fasahar a cikin adabin Tamil Sangam.   Silambatm yana da dogayen ma'aikata kimanin  tsayi, galibi ana yin sa da itace kamar bamboo.  An yi amfani da shi don kare kai da kuma korar dabbobi daga baya kuma ya rikide zuwa fasahar yaƙi da rawa. 

## 'Yan tsana
 

Bommalattam wani nau'in wasan 'yar tsana ne da ake amfani da shi ta amfani da abubuwa marasa rai waɗanda suka samo asali daga yankin.   Duk da cewa ba a tabbatar da lokacin asalin fasahar ba, ya wanzu tsawon ƙarni da yawa.  Yana amfani da nau'ikan marionettes na 'yan tsana daban-daban waɗanda suke  tsayi kuma yana iya ɗaukar har zuwa  .  Ana sarrafa 'yan tsana da sanduna da igiyoyi da aka haɗa a kawunansu, bayansu, hannayensu da ƙafafunsu. An yi 'yan tsana da itace mai sauƙi kuma an yi musu ado da kayan ado na musamman waɗanda aka cika da kayan takarda don ba da kyan gani mai zagaye. An ƙera 'yan tsana da kayan ado na musamman don a iya ganin gefuna a cikin inuwa. 

'Yan kwikwiyo suna zaune a cikin  faɗin yanki mai faɗi  sama da ƙasa. Suna sarrafa 'yan tsana ta hanyar amfani da motsi daga hannu da hannaye don sarrafa na'urori sandunan ko igiyoyi. Ana ƙirƙirar wurin shirya 'yan tsana ta hanyar sanya allo mai fari a tsaye wanda aka sanya a kan benci mai launin baƙi. Ana sarrafa 'yan tsana a bayan allon wanda fitila ko fitilun mai da yawa ke haskakawa.  Masu sauraro suna zaune a gaban allon kawai tare da allon da ke raba su da masu wasan kwaikwayo. Masu sauraro suna iya ganin inuwar 'yan tsana da masu wasan kwaikwayo ke sarrafawa. 

Masu wasan tsana suna sanya kararrawa waɗanda ake busawa tare da motsin 'yan tsana. Ana kuma buga kiɗan baya ta amfani da kayan kida na gargajiya kamar su kuge, harmonium da mridangam . Mai wasan tsana yawanci yana shiga cikin ba da labarin labarai yayin da yake sarrafa 'yan tsana. Jigogin labaran an ɗauko su ne daga nassosin Hindu daban-daban da kuma tatsuniyoyi na gida. Ana yin wasannin tsana sau da yawa a lokacin bukukuwa ko bukukuwa kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na al'ada don kare mugayen ruhohi, hana annoba, haifar da ruwan sama don kawo ƙarshen fari . [1] Ana yin wannan zane a matsayin al'adar iyali tare da duk membobin iyali suna shiga cikin yin 'yan tsana, suna kula da su da kuma yin wasa. Pava Koothu wani nau'in wasan tsana ne wanda ke amfani da 'yan tsana na hannu maimakon 'yan tsana.

## Gidan wasan kwaikwayo

Koothu yana nufin wasan kwaikwayo wanda ya ƙunshi rawa tare da kiɗa, labari da waƙa.  Ya samo asali ne daga farkon Tamilakam kuma ya ƙunshi nau'ikan fasaha na Terukuttu da Kattaikkuttu . Duk da cewa ana amfani da kalmomin a musayar lokaci a zamanin yau, Terukkuttu yana nufin wasan kwaikwayo na hannu a cikin jerin gwano, yayin da Kattaikkuttu yana nufin wasan kwaikwayo na labarai a wani wuri mai tsayayyen yanayi.   Masu wasan kwaikwayo galibi maza ne, waɗanda ke sanya hular katako mai kyau, kayan ado na musamman tare da siket masu juyawa, kayan ado kamar ƙafafu masu nauyi tare da fenti fuska da kayan shafa. Zane-zane wani nau'i ne na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na titi, wanda ake yi a lokacin bukukuwa a wuraren jama'a kamar haikali ko murabba'ai na ƙauye.  Yawanci ana keɓe shi ga alloli na Hindu kamar Mariamman ko Draupadi . Labarun an ɗauko su ne daga littattafan Hindu kamar Ramayana da Mahabharata, tatsuniyoyi da almara. Rawar tana tare da kiɗa da aka buga daga kayan kida na gargajiya kuma labarin yawanci ana ba da labarin ta hanyar *kattiyakran* a bango yayin wasan kwaikwayo. 

Koothu gabaɗaya yana nufin wasan kwaikwayo kuma ana amfani da shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na sunayen da ke nuna wasu takamaiman nau'ikan fasaha kamar Ottan koothu, wani nau'in rawa na ƙabila. Ya samo asali ne daga ƙungiyar ƙabila mai suna Otta kuma maza da mata suna yin rawar al'ada a cikin ƙaramin rukuni. Ana yin ta ne a lokacin bukukuwa kuma yana nuna shirye-shirye daga almarar Hindu da sauran labaran gargajiya. Nondi natakam wani nau'in wasan kwaikwayo ne na ƙarni na sha bakwai inda mai yin wasan kwaikwayo yawanci yake rawa da ƙafa ɗaya kuma ana yin wasan kwaikwayo da sauƙi na labari da kiɗa.

## Duba kuma

* Tarihin Tamil Nadu
* Waƙar Tamil ta dā
* Fannin yaƙi na Indiya
* Villu Paatu

## Manazarta