Geofact

A **Gefact** (a portmanteau na geology da artifact) wani dutse ne na halitta wanda yake da wuyar rarrabewa daga wani mutum-made artifact. Za'a iya sake yin gyare-gyare a cikin ruwa kuma a fassara su a matsayin *kayan tarihi*, musamman idan aka kwatanta da kayan tarihi na Paleolithic.

Misalai masu yuwuwa sun haɗa da shahararrun kayan tarihi na dā, kamar Venus na Berekhat Ram da Venus na Tan-Tan. Wadannan mutane da yawa a cikin al'ummar archaeological suna tunanin su ne geofacts. Shafin da ke nuna yawan abin da zai iya zama geofacts shine Gulf of Cambay.

Za'a iya rarrabe geofacts daga debitage na lithic, ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje da kwatantawa. Raba geofacts daga kayan tarihi ƙalubale ne da masu binciken tarihi zasu iya fuskanta yayin da suke tono wani shafin.

## Asalin
Hans-Peter Schulz ya bayyana geofacts a matsayin duwatsu masu siffar da za a iya samu yayin da masu binciken tarihi ke ƙoƙarin gano kayan tarihi na gaskiya a lokacin da suka gabata. Lokaci na kankara kamar Eemian interglacial da Middle Weichselian glaciation da ke arewacin duniya sun narke kuma sun fara motsa duwatsu daga yankunansu na asali yayin da suka kwashe duk abin da ke kewaye da su. Motsi na dutse wani lokacin ya haifar da makami kamar mashi daga ƙananan duwatsu kuma ya bayyana a matsayin kayan tarihi amma a maimakon haka samfurin narkewar glacial ne kawai. Wani abu da Schulz ya bayyana shi ne cakuda ruwa na halitta da na gishiri a lokacin glaciations, wanda ya canza wuraren da ke cikin duwatsu kamar kogon Susiluola da ke Finland. Da zarar kankara ta narke, turɓaya da kankara sun haifar da wasu alamomi na wucin gadi a kan duwatsu masu girman dutse. Wasu abubuwa da za su iya canza siffofin dutse a cikin koguna sun haɗa da sandstone, siltstone da Quartzite suna haifar da tsarin motsa jiki na tsara duwatsu. Akwai ma'auni da Schulz ya kirkira don rarrabe geofact kamar kusurwoyi na busa daga sandstone ko dutse na quartzite tare da iyaka tsakanin digiri 45 zuwa 90, kuma idan an yi zagaye waɗannan ana ɗaukar su geofacts.

## Kuskuren archaeological
Ana fassara kayan tarihi a matsayin geofacts sau da yawa cewa suna da cikakkun labarai cike da gyaran tono. Masanin ilimin ƙasa na Archeological Paul V. Henrich (2002) ya gyara ɗan jarida Graham Hancock a cikin labarin, "Artifacts ko Geofacts? Sauran Fassara na Abubuwa daga Tekun Cambay" na abubuwan da ake zargi da aka samo a Tekun Cambaya, Indiya sune geofacts. Henrich ya kwatanta a cikin hotuna cewa waɗannan kayan tarihi da aka tsara sun kasance haɗuwa da siminti, yashi mai laushi da yashi mai kyau wanda aka ɗora tare da lakabin tafkin da ke da isasshen ƙuƙwalwa da ke bayyana a matsayin ƙirar ɗan adam. Sauran gyare-gyare da Henrich ya yi sune Hancock's "Cambay pendants" manyan abubuwa masu laushi tare da rami a tsakanin da aka ɗauka a matsayin kayan ado amma an kafa ramuka ne na halitta da kwayoyin ruwa suka kirkira. Henrich ya yi iƙirarin a lokacin tonowa ya kamata ƙungiyar ta sami masanin ilimin ƙasa a shafin saboda su ƙwararru ne a cikin tsarin dutse don taimakawa wajen rarrabe tsakanin kayan tarihi da kayan tarihi.

Abubuwan tarihi da aka gauraya da ragowar mutum tabbas zasu iya ƙunsar cakuda kayan tarihi. A cikin labarin, "Abubuwan da ake zargi da kayan tarihi na Paleolithic na farko a zahiri sune kayan tarihi: sake dubawa na shafin Konczyce Weilkie 4 a cikin Moravian Gate, Kudancin Poland, " Wiśniewski et al. (2014), bayyana lokacin da aka gauraya kayan tarihi a cikin rami na ruwa ya zama da wuya a rarrabe tsakanin su biyu. Wani batun da Wisniewski ya yi tambaya shi ne idan shafin ya kasance mai zaman kansa a lokacin Paleolithic saboda kayan tarihi suna motsawa sabili da haka ba za a same su a wurin ba duk da haka, duwatsu waɗanda ke cikin yankin yawanci zasu zama geofact. Alamar da ke taimakawa wajen yanke shawara idan wani abu ne na kayan tarihi ko geofact shine idan akwai duwatsu da yawa waɗanda ke da irin wannan gefuna da siffofi kuma wannan nau'in dutse yana cikin yanayin halitta to mai yiwuwa geofact ne. Wata gardama da masu tonowa na baya suka yi iƙirarin ita ce an gano wasu duwatsu sama da mita 140 daga asalin su ma'ana sun kasance kayan tarihi da mutane suka motsa. Koyaya an karyata wannan da sauri saboda shaidu a cikin moraines na glacial da ajiyar ruwa-glacial sun haifar da duwatsu da yawa don motsa irin wannan nesa daga asalin su.

## Manazarta