Gargadi na Masana Kimiyya na Duniya ga Dan Adam

"Gidan **Gargadi na Masana Kimiyya na Duniya ga Dan Adam**" takarda ce da Henry W. Kendall ya rubuta a 1992 kuma kimanin manyan masana kimiyya 1,700 suka sanya hannu. Shekaru ashirin da biyar bayan haka, a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2017, masana kimiyya 15,364 sun sanya hannu kan "Gidankawar Masana Kimiyya na Duniya ga Dan Adam: Sanarwa ta Biyu" wanda William J. Ripple da marubuta guda bakwai suka rubuta suna kira, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, tsara yawan jama'a, da kuma raguwa sosai ga kowane mutum na amfani da man fetur, nama, da sauran albarkatun. [a] Sanarwar ta biyu tana da masanan kimiyya da magoya baya fiye da kowane labarin mujallar da aka taɓa bugawa.

## Bugawa ta farko
A ƙarshen shekara ta 1992, marigayi Henry W. Kendall, tsohon shugaban kwamitin daraktocin Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS), ya rubuta gargadi na farko, "Gidan da masana kimiyya na Duniya ga Dan Adam", wanda ya fara: "Mutane da duniyar halitta suna kan hanyar haɗari. " Yawancin masu karɓar Kyautar Nobel a cikin kimiyya sun sanya hannu kan takardar; kimanin 1,700 daga cikin manyan masana kimiyya na duniya sun haɗa sa hannunsu. 

Wani lokaci ana miƙa shi ne don adawa da roko na Heidelberg - wanda kuma masana kimiyya da yawa da masu karɓar kyautar Nobel suka sanya hannu a baya a shekarar 1992 - wanda ya fara ne ta hanyar sukar "akidar da ba ta dace ba wacce ke adawa da ci gaban kimiyya da masana'antu, kuma tana hana ci gaban tattalin arziki da zamantakewa. " Wadanda ke adawa lebaru da Canjin yanayi sun ambaci wannan takarda sau da yawa.

Sabanin haka, takardar neman izinin da UCS ke jagoranta ta ƙunshi takamaiman shawarwari: "Dole ne, alal misali, mu ƙaura daga man fetur zuwa mafi kyawun, tushen makamashi mara iyaka don rage hayakin gas da gurɓataccen iska da ruwa. ... Dole ne mu daidaita yawan jama'a. "

## Bayani na Biyu
A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2017, masana kimiyya 15,364 sun sanya hannu kan "Gidan Gargadi na Masana Kimiyya na Duniya ga Dan Adam: Sanarwa ta Biyu" wanda babban marubucin farfesa na ilimin muhalli, William J. Ripple na Jami'ar Jihar Oregon, ya rubuta tare da marubuta 7 da ke kira, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, iyakance ci gaban yawan jama'a, da raguwa sosai ga amfani da man fetur, nama, da sauran albarkatun. [a] Sanarwar ta biyu ta haɗa da jadawalin lokaci 9 na maɓallan alamomi, kowannensu yana da alaƙa da takamaiman batun da aka ambata a cikin gargadi na asali na 1992, don nuna cewa yawancin batutuwan muhalli suna ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin hanyar da ba daidai ba, mafi yawa ba tare da canji mai ganewa ba. Labarin ya haɗa da takamaiman matakai 13 da bil'adama zai iya ɗauka zuwa canji zuwa dorewa.

Sanarwar ta biyu tana da masanan kimiyya da magoya baya fiye da kowane labarin mujallar da aka taɓa bugawa. An buga cikakken gargadi a cikin *BioScience*[a] kuma har yanzu ana iya amincewa da shi a shafin yanar gizon Gargadi na Masana kimiyya.

## Gargadi na 2019 game da canjin yanayi da sabuntawa na 2021 da 2022
A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2019, wani rukuni na masana kimiyya sama da 11,000 daga kasashe 153 sun kira canjin yanayi "na gaggawa" wanda zai haifar da "ba a taɓa sha wahala ba" idan babu manyan canje-canje a cikin aiki:   

The emergency declaration emphasized that economic growth and population growth "are among the most important drivers of increases in CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion" and that "we need bold and drastic transformations regarding economic and population policies".

Sabuntawa ta 2021 zuwa sanarwar gaggawa ta yanayi ta 2019 tana mai da hankali kan alamun muhimman duniya 31 (gami da iskar gas da zafin jiki, hauhawar matakan teku, amfani da makamashi, yawan kankara, abun cikin zafi na teku, yawan asarar gandun daji na Amazon, da sauransu), da canje-canje na baya-bayan nan a gare su. Daga cikin wadannan, 18 suna kaiwa matakai masu mahimmanci. Rufewar COVID-19, wanda ya rage matakan sufuri da amfani, ba shi da tasiri sosai akan ragewa ko juyar da waɗannan yanayin. Marubutan sun ce kawai canje-canje masu zurfi a cikin halayyar ɗan adam zasu iya fuskantar waɗannan ƙalubalen kuma suna jaddada buƙatar wucewa fiye da ra'ayin cewa dumama na duniya shine gaggawa, kuma yana da ɗaya daga cikin ɓangaren rikicin muhalli. Wannan yana buƙatar buƙatar sauye-sauyen tsarin sauyawa da kuma mayar da hankali kan tushen tushen tushen waɗannan rikice-rikicen, yawan cin zarafin duniya na ɗan adam, maimakon kawai magance sauƙin alamomi. Sun nuna wurare shida inda ake buƙatar yin canje-canje masu mahimmanci: 

## Manazarta