open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ma Lianliang

**Ma Lianliang** (28 Fabrairu 1901 - 16 Disamba 1966) ta kasance mawaƙan wasan kwaikwayo na Peking . 

## Rayuwa
An fi saninsa da matsayin "tsohon mutum"  *lǎoshēng*) kuma an dauke shi daya daga cikin "Babban Beards" na Peking Opera (,  , tare da Tan Fuying, Yang Baosen, da Xi Xiaobo . Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Li Yuru .  Ga mafi yawan rayuwarsa, ya zauna a kasar Sin, ban da 1948-1950, lokacin da ya zauna a Hong Kong (wanda har yanzu mulkin mallaka ne na Burtaniya) don magani.

A lokacin juyin juya halin al'adu na Mao Zedong, an kira Ma "mai guba" bayan ya bayyana a cikin wani samarwa wanda Mao ya yi imanin ya soki shi. Wani rukuni na masu juyin juya hali da ake kira Red Guards sun kai hari kan Ma a kan titi kuma sun karya kafafunsa. Kafin ƙarshen shekara, zai mutu daga raunin da ya ji.

## Manazarta
Pai Tzu-li

Pai Tzu-li (pinyin: Bai Zili) babban musulmin kasar Sin ne janar na runduna ta 36 (Sojojin juyin juya hali na kasa), wanda ya yi aiki karkashin Janar Ma Zhongying da Ma Hushan. Shi ne sakataren Ma Zhongying kuma an kiyasta shekarunsa sun kai kusan 40.[1] Daga nan ya kasance babban hafsan hafsoshi ga Janar Ma Hushan kuma ya lallashe shi ya kai wa Kashgar hari a 1937.[2]

A ranar 1 ga Satumba, 1937, Pai ya janye zuwa Karghalik a matsayin shugaban brigade na farko na Tungan. A ranar 7 ga watan Satumba, Pai, tare da Ma Ju-lung da Ma Hushan sun bar mutanensu kuma sun gudu a fadin duwatsu zuwa Indiya.

An ce Ma Hushan ne ya harbe Pai a kan hanya, kuma bai kai Indiya ba.

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Flags na Independence
Fushou na

Ma **Fushou na**(al'adar Sinanci: 馬福壽; sauƙaƙe Sinanci - 马福寿; : ; Xiao'erjing: مَا فُ شُوْ) ya kasance babban Musulmi na kasar Sin na Ƙungiyar ta . Ya yi aiki a lokacin Daular Qing da farkon shekarun Jamhuriyar Sin .

## Tarihin rayuwa
Ma Fushou ɗan Hui Ma ne janar Ma Qianling, kuma ɗan'uwan Ma Fucai, Ma Fulu, da Ma Fuxiang. Ya shiga makarantar zane-zane kuma ya kammala karatu daga makarantar soja bayan shekaru Fulu na horo a shekara ta 1892. 

A cikin 1917 Ma, shugaban ma'aikatan Sojojin Ningxia Zhaowu Ma Fuxiang ya aika da sojoji don kai hari kan sojojin shugaban masu tayar da kayar baya Kao Shi-hsiu, inda suka kayar da masu tayar baya a Haikali na Zhaowu . 

Bayan kafa Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin, Ma ya zauna a Linxia. Ya wuce shekaru 90 lokacin da ya mutu a can a shekara ta 1956. 

## Manazarta
Haiyan na

Ma **Haiyan na**(1837-1900) ya kasance janar Musulmi na kasar Sin na Daular Qing . Da farko ɗan tawaye ne, ya sauya sheka zuwa Qing a lokacin tawaye na Dungan kuma ya taimaka wajen murkushe Musulmai masu tawaye.

Shi ne mahaifin Ma Qi da Ma Lin na da kuma Ma Feng .

Dong Fuxiang, Ma Anliang da Ma Haiyan an kira su zuwa Beijing a lokacin Yaƙin Sin da Japan na farko a 1894, amma Dungan Revolt (1895) ya ɓarke kuma daga baya aka tura su don murkushe 'yan tawaye.

A lokacin Sauye-sauyen Kwanaki Ɗari a cikin 1898 an kira Dong Fuxiang, Ma Anliang, da Ma Haiyan zuwa Beijing kuma sun taimaka wajen kawo ƙarshen ƙungiyar sake fasalin tare da Ma Fulu na Ma Fuxiag.

Ya yi yaƙi da ƙawance na Ƙasashen waje takwas a cikin Tawayen dambe tare da ɗan'uwansa Ma Biao da ke aiki a ƙarƙashinsa, ya kewaye cocin Katolika na Xishiku da majalisa, kuma ya ci nasara a yakin Langfang, kuma ya mutu da gajiya yayin da shi da Kansu Braves ke raka dangin sarki zuwa tsira. Dansa Ma Qi ya karbi mukamansa. [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need]

Ma Biao shi ne ɗan fari na Ma Haiqing, wanda shine ɗan ƙaramin ɗan'uwan Ma Haiyan na shida, kakan Ma Bufang. Ma Haiyuan shi ne ɗan ƙarami na bakwai na Ma Haiyan, mahaifin Ma Guzhong da Ma Bao, kuma kakan Ma Zhongying.

## Manazarta
Ma Wanfu

**Ma Wanfu** (Xiao'erjing: مَا وًا فُوْ; 1849-1934), wanda aka fi sani da **[[Alhaji|Hajji]] Guoyuan** (),  ya kasance Dongxiang Imam na ƙauyen Guoyuан () a Hezhou (yanzu Dongxiang Autonomous County a Linxia Hui Autonomoous Prefecture, Gansu" id="mwHw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Gansu">Lardin Gansu). Ya yi karatu a Makka kuma ya kafa kungiyar Yihewani" id="mwJQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Yihewani">Ikhwan (Yihewani 伊赫瓦尼) a 1888, wanda aka fi sani da "Sabon Ƙungiya" (Chinese **Xinjiao* pai*, 新教派 ko Xinxinjiao, 新新教), yana yadawa a Gansu, Ningxia da Qinghai . Shi (tare da ƙungiyar Yihewani) ya yi tsayayya da Sufism.

## Rayuwa
Ma Wanfu ya goyi bayan tawaye na Dungan (1895-1896) a kan Daular Qing, tare da Ma Dahan na Ma Yonglin, amma sojojin Musulmi na kasar Sin Hui ne suka murkushe tawaye karkashin jagorancin Dong Fuxiang, Ma Anliang, Ma Fuxianga, Ma Fulu na Ma Guoliang. Ma Wanfu ya mika wuya, ya ci amanar ɗan'uwansa shugaban 'yan tawaye na Dongxiang Ma Dahan . 

A cikin 1915, Ma Anliang da Yang Zengxin sun kama kuma sun yi ƙoƙari su kashe Ma Wanfu, lokacin da Ma Qi ya cece shi yayin da ake tura shi kisa kuma ya kawo shi Xining.

## Littattafai

* Hu Fan: *[http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=993767389&dok_var=d1&dok_ext=pdf&filename=993767389%2525252525252Epdf Musulunci a Shaanxi: Da suka gabata da na yanzu]*. Rashin jituwa. Bonn 2008
* Ma Kexun Makish: "Zhongguo Yisilanjiao Yihewanyi pai di changdaozhe - Ma Wanfu (Guoyuan) " Mai gabatar da Islama ta kasar Sin - -万福 (果園) [Mahaifiyar kungiyar Ikhwan ta Musulunci ta kasar Sin: Ma Wanfu]. A cikin: *Yisilanjiao zai Zhongguo* [Islama a China], ed. Ma'aikatar Ethnology ta Lardin Gansu. Yinchuan: Ningxia Renmin chubanshe 1982 (Sinanci) 
* Ma Zhanbiao: "Yihewani jiaopei yu Ma Wanfu" (Yihewani und Ma Wanfu), A cikin: *Xibei Huizu yu Yiselanjiao.* Yinchuan: Ningxia Renmin chubanshe 1994
* Mikko Suutarinen: Mutanen Dongxiang na Gansu - Ƙabilar, Addini da Ƙasa (Religious Identity) &nbsp; (PDF format; 320 kB) 
*  

## Dubi kuma

* Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Ma Wanfu - Sinanci&nbsp;
* Haihuwar da Girman Ƙungiyoyi da Menhuans - Turanci&nbsp;
* Ƙungiyar Yihewani - Turanci&nbsp;
* Huizu lishi dashiji - Sinanci&nbsp;
* Ikhwani - Turanci&nbsp;
* Zhongguo Yisilanjiao Yihewanyi mahaifin changdaozhe Ma Wanfu - Sinanci&nbsp;
Qi Jingyi

**Qi Jingyi** (Sinanci na gargajiya; ) (1656-1719), wanda aka fi sani da **Hilal al-Din**, malamin Sufi ne na kasar Sin, wanda ya taimaka wajen yada makarantar Qadiriyah tsakanin Musulmai na kasar Sin. An san shi a tsakanin mabiyansa da **Qi Daozu**, watau Babban Jagora Qi.

## Rayuwa
A cewar mabiyan Qi Jingyi, Qi Jingyi mai shekaru 16 ya sadu da malamin da ake girmamawa Afaq Khwaja a Xining a shekara ta 1672, kuma ya nemi ya zama malaminsa. Afaq Khwaja ya ce a mayar da martani: "Ni ba malaminka ba ne; ba za a ba ku koyarwata ta dā ba; malaminka ya riga ya haye Tekun Gabas kuma ya isa ƙasar Gabas. Saboda haka dole ne ku koma gida da sauri, kuma za ku zama sanannen malami a ƙasarku. "

Daga baya ya yi karatu a karkashin Khwaja Sayyed Abdullāh, zuriyar Muhammadu ta 29, wanda ya shiga China a shekara ta 1674.

## Mutuwa
Kabarin Qi Jingyi a Birnin Linxia ya zama cibiyar masallacin da aka sani da *Da Gongbei*, ko kuma "Babban Kabari", wanda ya kasance cibiyar Qadiriyyah a kasar Sin.

## Dubi kuma

* Musulunci a Sichuan

## Manazarta
Ma Qianling

Ma Qianling (mai sauƙaƙan Sinanci: 马千龄; Sinawa na gargajiya: 馬千齡; pinyin: Mǎ Qiānlíng, Xiao'erjing: مَا کِیًالٍ; 1826-1910) ya kasance babban musulmin kasar Sin wanda ya koma daular Qing Maɗaukakin Sarki a lokacin daular Qing Maj. Zhanao da Janar Ma Haiyan. Sannan ya taimaka wa Janar Zuo Zongtang wajen murkushe ‘yan tawaye musulmi. A shekara ta 1877 shi da Ma Zhanao sun kori musulmi 'yan tawayen da suka ki daina yakin daga tsaunukan da ke kewayen Hezhou. 'Ya'yansa hudu su ne, Ma Fucai, Ma Fulu, Ma Fushou, da Max Fuxiang. Jikokinsa su ne Ma Hongbin da Ma Hongkui. Yana da mata uku, daya musulma ce. 'Ya'yansa Ma Fulu da Ma Fuxiang sun gaji sojojinsa.

## Manazarta
Ma Yuanxiang

**Ma Yuanxiang** (10 ga Oktoba 1897 - 16 ga Mayu 1953; Sinanci mai sauƙi: 马元祥; Sinanci na gargajiya: 馬元祥; : ; : Ma Yüan-hsiang, Xiao'erjing: مَا يُوًا شِیْا) ya kasance  Musulmi na Hui a cikin Sojojin Juyin Juya Halin Kasa na Jamhuriyar Sin kuma memba na Maque .

## Tarihin rayuwa
Wani dangi ne na dangin Ma,  ya yi aiki na shekaru da yawa a Qinghai tare da Sojojin Juyin Juya Halin Kasa. A lokacin Yaƙin Sin da Japan na Biyu, Ma ya yi yaƙi a ƙarƙashin umurnin Janar Ma Biao kuma an ji masa rauni a cikin aiki a Yaƙin Huaiyang, inda aka ci sojojin Japan.

Bayan ya yi kamar ya mika wuya ga Sojojin 'Yancin Jama'a a 1949, sai ya rabu a 1950 kuma ya fara tawaye. Da yake aiki a matsayin jami'in da ke ƙarƙashin Ma Liang, ya umurci rundunar soja ta 102 ta Sojojin Ƙasashen Ƙasashen Kudu maso Yamma. Ma Yuanxiang da Ma Liang (janar)  sun yi yaƙi da sojojin Kwaminisanci a lokacin Kuomintang Islamic Insurgency a China (1950-1958).  Sojojin kwaminisanci ne suka kashe shi a yaƙi a 1953. Bayan mutuwarsa, gwamnatin Kuomintang a Taiwan ta inganta shi zuwa janar janar.

## Manazarta
Ma Zhan'ao

**Ma Zhan'ao** (1830-1886) ya kasance Janar Musulmi na kasar Sin wanda ya sauya sheka zuwa Daular Qing a 1872 a lokacin tawayen Dungan tare da Janar Ma Qianling da Janar ma Haiyan wadanda suka yi aiki a karkashin shi a lokacin tawaye. Ya fara aika Ma Chun (Ma Jun) don tattauna batun mika wuya tare da Janar Zuo, amma Zuo ya yi zargin makirci. Ma sai ya aika ɗansa, Ma Anliang, don tattaunawa. Daga nan sai ya taimaka wa Janar Zuo Zongtang wajen murkushe 'yan tawaye. A shekara ta 1877 shi da Ma Qianling sun kori 'yan tawayen musulmi waɗanda suka ki dainawa daga tuddai da ke kewaye da Hezhou. Yana da 'ya'ya maza uku, Ma Anliang, Ma Guoliang, da Ma Suiliang (Ma Sui-liang) 馬遂良. Ma Zhan'ao ne ya taimaka wajen tserewa daga mutanen Han daga Hezhou a lokacin tawaye.

## Manazarta
Shenglin na

Ma **Shenglin na** kasance ɗan tawayen Hui Jahriyya Sufi wanda ya yi yaƙi da Daular Qing a cikin Panthay Rebellion .

A ƙarshen shekarun 1860, lokacin da Janar Musulmi mai aminci na Qing Ma Rulong na jagoranci sake mamaye yammacin Yunnan, Ma Shenglin ya kare garin Greater Donggou daga sojojin Ma Rulong a yakin da aka yi a tsakiyar Yunnan. Ma Shenglin ya kasance shugaban kungiyar Jahriyya a Yunnan kuma kwamandan 'yan tawaye. Wutar bam ta kashe Ma a shekara ta 1871.

Ma Shenglin babban kawun Ma Shaowu ne, zuriyar Ma Mingxin kuma dangi ne na Ma Yuanzhang na.

## Manazarta
Zuo Baogui

**Zuo Baogui** (Sinanci: 左寶貴; 1837, Lardin Shandong - 1894, Pyongyang) ya kasance janar na Musulmi na Hui na kasar Sin a lokacin Daular Qing wanda ya yi yaƙi a Yaƙin Sin da Japan na farko . Sojojin Japan sun kashe shi a lokacin Yaƙin Pyongyang a shekara ta 1894. An ruwaito cewa sojojin musulmi a karkashin umurninsa sun yi yaƙi sosai har zuwa mutuwarsa a wani harin bindigogi. Daga baya aka gina wani abin tunawa don girmama shi.

## Madogara
### Manazarta

### Litattafai
* 
*
Judy Blunt

**Judy Blunt** (an haife ta a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 1954) marubuciya ce 'yar Amurka daga Montana . Babban aikinta na yau shine *Breaking Clean*, tarin kasidu masu alaƙa da ke bincika yadda ta girma a karkara.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Blunt a wani wurin kiwon shanu a wani yanki mai nisa na gundumar Phillips, Montana,  kusa da Regina, kudu da Malta, Montana . A shekarar 1986, ta ƙaura da ƙananan 'ya'yanta uku zuwa Missoula don halartar Jami'ar Montana . 

Daga baya ta mayar da labaran rayuwar gonarta zuwa tarihin rayuwarta, *Breaking Clean* (Knopf 2002), wanda ya lashe kyautar Whiting Award, kyautar PEN/Jerard Fund Award,  kyautar littattafai marasa almara na Mountains and Plains, da kyautar Willa Cather Literary Award, kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin Littattafan da aka fi sani  *[[New York Times|The New York Times]]* .  Ta sami lambar yabo ta Jacob K. Javits Graduate Fellowship da kuma ƙungiyar masu fasaha ta Montana Arts Council.  A shekara ta 2004, ta sami lambar yabo ta National Endowment for the Arts award, kuma a shekara ta 2006 an ba ta lambar yabo ta Guggenheim a cikin Nonfiction. Rubuce-rubucenta da waƙoƙinta sun bayyana a cikin wallafe-wallafe kamar *The New York Times*, *Big Sky Journal* da *Oprah Magazine* .  Ta kuma rubuta gabatarwar Joaquina Ballard Howles, *No More Giants* .

Blunt ta sami digirinta na MFA daga Jami'ar Montana a shekarar 1994. A halin yanzu tana zaune a Missoula, inda ita Farfesa ce mai ritaya kuma darakta a fannin rubuce-rubuce na kirkire-kirkire a Jami'ar Montana .

## Littattafan tarihi

* *Breaking Clean*, Knopf: 2002 (rufe mai kauri), ISBN&nbsp;

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Hira da Powells.com
* Tarihin marubucin Random House
* Sharhin Mujallar Janairu na *Breaking Clean*
* An ɗauko daga *Breaking Clean*
* Bayanin tarihin rayuwar U na M/jawabin manema labarai
* Tattaunawa da Judy Blunt, marubucin littafin Breaking Clean
* Bayanin martaba a Gidauniyar Whiting
* https://www.goodreads.com/author/list/52959.Judy_Blunt
* https://www.ancestry.com/stories/public/connect/matches-found?gender=female&firstname=Mary&lastname=Fields&birthlocation=Hickman%20County,%20Tennessee,%20USA&birthlocaid=1362&campaign=8b78cd49-faa2-40fe-8603-ce282d3013e1&_gl=1*1lqmuio*_ga*MjA3O TQyNzczMi4xNzQxMTI0MTY1*_ga_LMK6K2LSJH*YWMxOGNkZGQtZmUxNi00NTZlLWFhN2QtM2QzYzIxMzVjNTQ1LjIuMC4xNzQxQxMzk2Lw_ OTE4MDc2MzkwLjE3NDExMjQxNTk.*_ga_4QT8FMEX30*YWMxOGNkZGQtZmUxNi00NTZlLWFhN2QtM2QzYzYzIxMzVjNTQ1LjIuMC4xNzQxMTQ1LjIuMC4xNzQxMTQxMzLk.
Morris Alexander

**Morris Alexander** KC (Yiddish; 4 ga Disamba 1877 - 24 ga Janairu 1946) lauya ne kuma ɗan siyasa na Afirka ta Kudu wanda ya kasance babban mutum a cikin Al'ummar Yahudawa ta Cape Town. An fi saninsa da nasarar da ya samu don samun Yiddish a matsayin harshen Turai ta hukumomin mulkin mallaka, yana ba da damar dubban Yahudawa su yi ƙaura zuwa Afirka ta Kudu. Wani fitaccen mai sassaucin ra'ayi, Alexander ya yi aiki a Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu daga 1910 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1946. 

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Morris Alexander a ranar 4 ga Disamba 1877, a Znin, sannan wani ɓangare na Masarautar Prussia a Daular Jamus. Shi ne babba cikin 'ya'ya bakwai na Ibrahim Alexander da Flora Lewin .  Iyalinsa Yahudawa ne na Jamus; sun koma Afirka ta Kudu a 1881. Ya katse karatunsa na sirri a Cape Town a shekara ta 1891 don tallafa wa iyayensa a Johannesburg, ya fara aiki a matsayin magatakarda na Bankin Kasa sannan kuma a matsayin ma'aikacin sabis na jirgin kasa na Cape Colony. 
### Gudanarwa
A matsayinsa na saurayi lauya a Cape Town, Alexander ya shiga cikin ɗan jarida Dovid Goldblat a cikin kamfen don sake rarraba Yiddish a matsayin harshen Turai a Afirka ta Kudu.   Dokar 1902 ta buƙaci cewa masu baƙi zuwa Cape suyi gwajin ilimin yaren Turai; ma'aurata "sun yi yaƙi don a ɗauki Yiddish ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan harshe, kuma ta haka ne baƙi Yahudawa za su iya shiga ƙasar". A cikin 1903, Alexander ya jagoranci tawagar shugabannin al'ummar Yahudawa zuwa babban lauyan Cape Colony Thomas Graham, wanda ya yarda da bukatarsu ta amince da Yiddish a matsayin Turai, wanda ya ba da damar dubban Yahudawa su yi ƙaura zuwa Afirka ta Kudu. Wannan ya wakilci sauyawa daga siyasar gargajiya ta Yahudawa, kamar yadda aka haramta Yahudawa su wakilci kansu a matsayin Yahudawa a cikin batutuwan da ba su da alaƙa da addini. Alexander daga baya zai yi la'akari da amincewa da Yiddish a matsayin "mafi mahimmancin nasarorin rayuwarsa ta jama'a".

### Ayyukan siyasa
An zabi Alexander a Majalisar Birnin Cape Town a 1905, yana aiki har zuwa 1913.  An zabe shi a Majalisar dokokin Cape of Good Hope a Zaben 1908 a matsayin memba na Jam'iyyar Progressive Party, inda ya samu kuri'u 5,027 a mazabar Cape Town. Ya yi aiki a majalisar dokokin Cape har zuwa 1910, lokacin da aka hade shi da sauran majalisun mulkin mallaka bayan kafa Tarayyar Afirka ta Kudu. An zabi Alexander a Majalisar Dattijai ta Afirka ta Kudu a Zaben 1910 na mazabar Cape Town Castle, kuma zai yi aiki a matsayin memba na majalisa har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1946.

## Manazarta
Abduweli Ayup

**Abduweli Ayup** (Uighur; an haife shi a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1973) masanin ilimin harshe ne kuma mawaki wanda ke gudanar da makarantun yaren Uyghur a Kashgar, Xinjiang, a arewa maso yammacin kasar Sin . Shirin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Uyghur ya buga tarihin rayuwarsa a cikin Resisting Chinese Linguistic Imperialism: Abduweli Ayup da Movement for Uyghur Mother Tongue-Based Education .

Shi mai karfi ne mai goyon bayan haƙƙin ɗan adam na harshe, musamman, haƙƙin watsa harshe da al'adu tsakanin tsararraki.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Ayup a Kashgar . Ya fara karatu a Jami'ar Tsakiya ta Kasashe a Beijing a shekarar 1992,  ya kammala karatu a ƙarshen shekarun 1990. 

Daga Disamba 2005 zuwa Yuni 2006, Abduweli ya kasance malamin ziyara a Jami'ar Ankara, Turkiyya . Daga baya ya sami tallafin Gidauniyar Ford don karatu a Jami'ar Kansas a Amurka, kuma ya kammala digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin harshe a shekarar 2011. Bayan kammala karatunsa, Abduweli ya koma Xinjiang kuma ya bude makarantu don koyar da yaren Uyghur, yarensa.

### Kamawa
An kama Abduweli a Kashgar a ranar 20 ga watan Agusta, 2013 ta ƙungiyar binciken tattalin arziki ta Gundumar Tianshan, Birnin Ürümqi kuma an zarge shi da kudade na ƙarya da tara kudade ba bisa ka'ida ba ga makarantun da ya tsara. Tare da shi, Dilyar Obul da Muhemmet Sidik Abdurshit, biyu daga cikin abokan hulɗarsa da ke da hannu a makarantar, an kuma tsare su. Abduweli ya sha wahala ta hanyar rashin lafiya yayin da yake kurkuku, inda aka tsare shi ba tare da sadarwa ba kusan watanni tara. Ba a tuhume shi ba har sai 17 ga Mayu, 2014, lokacin da aka zarge shi da abokan aikinsa da tattara "kyauta ba bisa ka'ida ba" don tallafawa makarantarsu. Bayan shari'ar rana daya a ranar 11 ga Yuli, a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta kotun ta yanke wa Abduweli da abokan aikinsa hukunci kan "sun aikata laifi na cin zarafin kuɗin jama'a". A cewar kotun, Abduweli da abokan hulɗarsa biyu sun karɓi CNY 590,000 (kimanin $ 95,000) a cikin ajiya daga mutane 17. A lokacin sarrafa shari'ar babu wanda ya nemi a dawo da kuɗin su. An yanke wa Abduweli hukuncin watanni 18 a kurkuku kuma an ci tarar dala 13,000. Abokan aiki da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam suna jayayya cewa hukuncin Abduweli wani bangare ne na shirin gwamnati na warewa da kuma kawar da yaren Uyghur.

### Rayuwa a kasashen waje
Ayup ya tsere daga China a watan Agustan 2015, ya fara zama a Turkiyya, inda yake zaune a shekarar 2018.  Yayinda yake a Turkiyya, ya kafa Uyghur Hjelp, wanda ke ba da taimako ga Uyghurs a Turkiyya  da kuma rubuce-rubuce game da shari'o'in masu ilimi na Uyghur da suka ɓace. 

Ayup ya zauna a Bergen, Norway tare da 'ya'yansa biyu tun 2019.  Ya ci gaba da koyar da yaren Uyghur ga yara na Uyghur.

## Manazarta
Albert Belay

**Albert T. Belay** (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Mayu, 1925) ɗan gwagwarmayar al'adu ne na Gottschee a Birnin New York . 

An haifi Belay a Livold ( German   ), Slovenia.   Ya bar yankin Gottschee yana matashi, ya zama mutum da aka kora daga ƙasar Austria bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu,  sannan ya yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka a shekarar 1951, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin injiniyan farar hula.   Ya auri wani ɗan gudun hijirar Gottschee, Therese Erker, a shekarar 1953.  Belay ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar Gottscheer Volksfest ta 1960 a New York  kuma ya jagoranci kwamitin al'adu na ƙungiyar agaji ta Gottscheer tsawon shekaru da yawa.  Shi ne kuma shugaban ƙungiyar mawakan maza ta Jamus ta Gottschee a New York.   

Belay ya rubuta littafin dafa abinci *Hoimischai Khöscht* (Home-Style Fare), wanda ke dauke da girke-girke na gargajiya na Gottschee 155,   kuma ya ba da labarin jerin CD guda biyar *Eine Reise durch Gottschee 1936* (Tafiye ta hanyar Gottschee, 1936).  Ɗansa, Late Roland Belay 1955 - 2020, ya kasance memba na kwamitin Gottscheer Central Holding, wanda ke gudanar da Gottscheer Hall a unguwar Ridgewood na Queens, Birnin New York . 

## Bayanan littattafai

* Albert Belay 1993. *Hoimischai Khöscht = Heimische Kost: Küchenrezepte aus Gottschee* . New York: Mawallafi.
* Albert Belay, mai ba da labari. 2015. *Eine Reise durch Gottschee 1936* (ƙungiya biyar na CD).

## Manazarta
Michael Connolly (ɗan siyasa na Kanada)

**Michael Robert Davies Connolly** (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 1994) ɗan siyasan Kanada ne wanda aka zaba a Majalisar Dokoki ta Alberta wanda ke wakiltar gundumar Calgary-Hawkwood . Bayan zaben ya zama na biyu mafi ƙanƙanta da aka zaba MLA yana da shekaru 21 kuma ɗaya daga cikin mutane uku na farko da aka zaba a fili na LGBT zuwa majalisar dokokin Alberta, tare da abokan aiki Ricardo Miranda da Estefania Cortes-Vargas.

Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kwamitin dindindin kan takardun kudi masu zaman kansu kuma a matsayin memba na kwamitin daddadakkel kan makomar tattalin arzikin Alberta. A baya ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Dindindin kan Ofisoshin Shari'a da Kwamitin Zaɓuɓɓuka na Musamman da Lissafi.

Connolly bai nemi sake zaben a shekarar 2019 ba.

Tun daga shekara ta 2019, Connolly ya kammala digiri na farko a Jami'ar Ottawa a shekarar 2021, Master of Arts a Tarihi a Jami'an Calgary a shekarar 2023, kuma a halin yanzu dan takarar PhD ne a Jami'aren Loyola na Chicago inda yake karatun Tarihin Amurka da Tarihin jama'a. 

## Farkon aiki
Connolly ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Dr. E.P. Scarlett a shekarar 2012 kuma ta fara karatun tarihi da kimiyyar siyasa a cikin nutsewar Faransanci a Jami'ar Ottawa (ƙwarewa a siyasar Scotland da kishin kasa da haɗin Turai) a wannan shekarar. Connolly ya sami kwarewar siyasa yayin kammala aikin horarwa tare da ofishin memba na majalisar. A wannan lokacin ya taimaka wajen shirya wani taro ga shugabannin mata matasa daga ko'ina cikin Kanada. Ya kuma yi aiki a masana'antun tallace-tallace da baƙi.

Connolly ya kasance mai aiki a cikin NDP na tarayya da na lardin kafin wannan gabatarwa. An zabi shi a shekarar 2014 a matsayin dan takarar NDP don Zaben tarayya na 2015 a Calgary Midnapore, amma ya janye bayan zabensa zuwa Majalisar Dokoki ta Alberta.

## Majalisar dokoki
An san Connolly da kasancewa MLA mai tsananin magana  yana magana da takwarorinsa kan batutuwa da yawa, musamman lokacin da ya zo ga Gay-Straight Alliances a makarantun lardin, Hakkin LGBTQ, da haƙƙin Francophone.

Connolly ya tallafawa Bill 2: *Taimakawa Dokar Tattalin Arziki da Kasuwanci ta gaba*, Bill 7: *Dokar Kwaskwarimar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Alberta* (wanda ya kara da asalin jinsi da nuna jinsi kamar yadda aka haramta tushen nuna bambanci a cikin Dokar 'Yancin Adam ta Alberта),  Bill 12: Tsaro da Dokar Tattsauran Tattalin arzikin Kanada, Bill 29: Dokar Kididdiga da Ayyukan Rayuwa na zamani, da Bill 32: *Dokar Karfafawa da Kare Dimokuradiyya a Alberta*.

## Manazarta
Canary Conn

**Canary Conn** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1949) 'yar Amurka ce mai nishadantarwa kuma marubuciya. Tarihin rayuwarta, *Canary: The Story of a Transsexual*,  yana ɗaya daga cikin farkon tarihin rayuwar wata mai suna Transsexual,  kuma ta yi wasanni da yawa na tattaunawa don tattauna sauyinta a shekarun 1970.

## Rayuwa da aiki
Conn ya girma a San Antonio, Texas kuma ya yi aure da jariri yana ɗan shekara 18.  A shekarar 1968, Conn shi ne wanda KONO-FM ta ɗauki nauyinsa a wani shirin bajinta na ƙasa wanda Ed Ames da Aretha Franklin suka shirya mai taken *Super Teen: The Sounds of '68* . Bayan ya lashe kyautar mawaƙin maza mafi kyau, Conn ya sami kwangilar rikodi tare da Capitol Records a matsayin kyautar.  A shekarar 1969, a ƙarƙashin sunan Danny O'Connor, Conn ya yi rikodin waƙoƙi huɗu ga Capitol, waɗanda suka haɗa da "Imaginary Worlds" da "Ridin' Red Hood." A watan Maris na wannan shekarar, Capitol ya fitar da waƙoƙi 45 tare da waƙoƙin "Can You Imagine" da "If I Am Not Free."

Bayan wani yunƙurin kashe kai, Conn ta sauya sheƙa tana da shekaru 23. Ta ga ya yi mata wahala ta sami aiki daga baya, kuma ta yi hulɗa sau ɗaya kawai da ɗanta a shekarar 1972 bayan rabuwar aurenta. ] A shekarar 1974, ta buga Canary: The Story of a Transsexual . An fitar da wani sigar tarihin rayuwarta bayan fitowarta a The Merv Griffin Show . Conn ta kuma fito a Tomorrow da The Phil Donahue Show . Daga baya ta daina fitowa a kafofin watsa labarai ta kuma kafa ƙaramin kasuwanci.

## Littattafai

* O'Connor, Danny (1969). Idan Ba Ni 'Yanci Ba / Za Ka Iya Tunani. 7-inci 45, Capitol 2441
* Conn, Canary (1974). *Canary: Labarin Mace Mai Canza Jinsi* . Nash, 

## Manazarta
Leishemba Sanajaoba

**Leishemba Sanajaoba** memba ne na yanzu na tsohon dangin sarauta na jihar Manipur a Indiya, kuma ɗan siyasa ne na Jam'iyyar Bharatiya Janata daga Manipur . A shekarar 2020, an zabe shi a matsayin memba na Rajya Sabha daga Manipur .   Sau da yawa ana magana da shi da girmamawa "maharaja", wanda ba lakabi ne na doka ba. Ya ci gaba da kasancewa shugaban alama da na ruhaniya na al'adun gargajiya na tsohuwar masarautar Manipur .  A cikin 2020 ya kafa kuma ya jagoranci kungiyar Arambai Tenggol wacce ta shiga cikin rikici na Manipur.

## Manazarta
Hilda Grīva

**Hilda Grīva**, wanda aka fi sani da Hilda Cerbach-Grīva (née Cerbaha; 1910 - 13 Satumba 1984), Malamin kiɗa ne na Latvian, mai gudanar da mawaƙa, kuma sanannen al'adun Livonian. Ita ce ta kafa kuma darektan fasaha na ƙungiyar al'adun Livonian "Kāndla", mai ba da gudummawa ga wallafe-wallafen Livonian, kuma muhimmiyar mai ɗaukar al'ada da mai kiyaye Harshen Livonian da waƙoƙi.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Hilda Grīva a shekara ta 1910 a ƙauyen kamun kifi na Sīkrags (a cikin abin da ke yanzu Kolka Parish, Talsi Municipality, Latvia) a cikin gidan masunta na Livonian Oskars da matarsa ta Estonia Minna Cerbaha . Ita da 'yar'uwarta Elfrīda sun girma suna magana da harshen Livonian, Estonian, da Latvian.

A lokacin yakin duniya na farko, iyalinta sun zauna a Estonia, inda Grīva ta fara makaranta. Bayan yakin, ta yi karatu a makarantar firamare ta Mazirbe sannan daga baya a Ventspils, inda ta fara darussan violin masu zaman kansu. A cikin 1927, ta hanyar taimakon masanan harsuna Oskar Loorits da Lauri Kettunen, an tura ta karatu a Finland. A can ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Tūsola Folk, tana karatun yaren Finnish kuma tana karɓar koyarwar piano mai zaman kanta daga 'yar mawaƙa John Sibelius . Ta kuma yi karatun murya a Kwalejin Helsinki (yanzu Kwalejin Sibelius). A shekara ta 1928, ta ci gaba da horar da malaminta a Cibiyar Malamai ta Heinola, sannan a Cibiyar Koyarwa ta Jelgava, ta kammala a shekara ta 1934.

## Ayyukan al'adu da kiɗa
Yayinda yake karatu a Jelgava, Grīva ta kafa *Līvli* na kowane wata tare da Pēteris Dambergs da Alise Gūtmanis, rubuce-rubuce da fassara labarai daga Finnish.

Bayan kammala karatunta, ta koyar a Ventspils da sauran makarantun Latvian. Daga baya ta kammala karatu a Makarantar Kiɗa ta Ventspils, sannan ta koyar da violin da piano a Makarantar kiɗa ta Talsi kuma ta jagoranci mawaƙa na Ikilisiyar Lutheran ta Talsi . Ta kuma ci gaba da ba da gudummawa ga *Līvli* kuma ta shiga cikin haɓaka kayan ilimi na Livonian.

## Farfadowar Livonian da Kāndla
Grīva ƙwararren mawaƙi ne tare da murya mai ƙarfi, kuma a cikin 1939 ta ba da wasan kwaikwayo a buɗe gidan mutanen Livonian a Mazirbe . 

A cikin shekarun 1960, ta taimaka wajen tattara ƙamus na Esperanto-Latvian-Livonian da aka rubuta da hannu kuma ta taimaka wa mawaƙin Latvian Andrejs Krūmiņš wajen yin rikodin waƙoƙin gargajiya na Livonian. A shekara ta 1966, ta bayyana a cikin shirin Estonian On the Livonian Coast (Estonian: Liivi rannal), wanda ya rubuta rayuwar Livonian a bakin tekun Livonian (Kurzeme). 

A shekara ta 1972, ta kafa ƙungiyar al'adun Livonian "Kāndla" a Ventspils kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha. Duk da matsalolin kiwon lafiya da lalacewar ji a shekarunta na ƙarshe, ta ci gaba da aiki tare da ƙungiyar har zuwa mutuwarta.

## Manazarta
Pauline Krautz

**Pauline Krautz** (an haife ta **Pauline Rehnus**; 18 ga Disamba 1890 - 16 ga Satumba 1941) ta kasance 'yar kasuwa ce ta Sorbian . An ga ingantaccen al'adun Sorbian a matsayin wani ɓangare na barazanar rabuwa a lokacin da Gwamnatin Jamus ke bin manufar ƙaura da Jamus daga tsarin tarayya na gargajiya, zuwa tsarin da ya fi tsakiya. Krautz ya mutu a kurkukun mata a Cottbus, kuma ya zama sananne a matsayin wanda aka azabtar da tsanantawar Nazi.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Pauline Rehnus (a cikin Sorbian **Pawlina Renusojc**), babba daga cikin yaran iyayenta guda biyar, a Dahlitz (yanzu wani ɓangare na Kolkwitz), ƙauyen da ke da ɗan gajeren nesa a waje da Cottbus a gefen yamma. Christian Rehnus, mahaifinta masassaƙi ne. Ta halarci makaranta a kusa da Kolkwitz, wanda a wannan lokacin har yanzu yana nufin koyo a cikin Jamusanci da Sorbian. Mahaifinta ya girma a matsayin daya daga cikin 'ya'ya goma sha huɗu na ma'aikacin gona kuma a nan iyayenta ba su da wadata, kuma bayan ta bar makaranta ta kasance tare da iyalinta don taimakawa wajen kula da' yan uwanta, yayin da take aiki a masana'antar masana'antar Cottbus. A shekara ta 1920 ta auri Reinhold Krautz wanda kuma ya yi aiki a masana'antu. Aure ya buɗe hanyar ga Pauline don fara koyo a cikin kayan ado, wanda ta samu nasarar kammala shi da cancantar "Masters".

A cikin 1926 Pauline Krautz (a cikin Sorbian **Pawlina Krawkowa**) ya buɗe shago a Cottbus wanda ke ƙwarewa a cikin kayan ado na mutanen Wendish, zane-zane da zane-zane. Koyaya, salon jama'a da ra'ayoyin gwamnati sun daidaita a wannan lokacin game da kayan gargajiya na gargajiya a matsayin "mai ban sha'awa" a mafi kyau, kuma 'yan mata da aka tsara rigunan ba sa son sa su. Bukatar ta kasance mai rauni kuma saboda haka ta bambanta, ta fara samarwa da siyar da 'yan tsana a cikin kayan gargajiya. Wadannan sun zama sanannun abokan ciniki, a cikin gida da kuma fadin iyaka a Czechoslovakia. Daga 1932 Krautz tana nuna 'yan tsana a jerin nune-nunen a wurare kamar Bautzen, Dresden, Hirschberg, Saarbrücken, Prague da Frankfurt. A shekara ta 1936, ta sami damar aika da babban kaya na 'yan tsana na tufafinta zuwa Berlin dangane da Wasannin Olympics. Koyaya, Gwamnatin Nazi wacce ta karɓar iko a 1933 ta fi ƙuduri fiye da wanda ya riga ta kawar da rarrabewar Sorbian, kuma hukumomi sun ci gaba da ƙwazo a cikin ƙiyayya ga ƙaramin kasuwanci wanda ya dogara da nasararsa akan bikin asalin Sorbian. Gaskiyar cewa 'yan tsana sun shahara a ƙasashen Slavic a waje da Jamus, kuma cewa Krautz ya ziyarci Czechoslovakia a kai a kai tare da' yan uwanta mata biyu da ke da alaƙa da kasuwancin da ke ci gaba, ya ɗaga martabarta a idanun hukumomi. An soki ta a cikin 'yan jarida na cikin gida kuma mai kula da Nazi na cikin gida ya yi mata tambayoyi, amma ba ta son ci gaba da kai don mayar da martani ga matsin lamba na gwamnati.

## Manazarta
Mohammad Tabrani

**Mohammad Tabrani Soerjowitjitro** (10 ga Oktoba 1904 - 12 ga Janairu 1984) ɗan jaridar Indonesia ne kuma ɗan siyasa. Ya samo asali ne daga tsibirin Madura kuma ya sami ilimin jarida a Turai. A farkon aikinsa na jarida, Tabrani ya kasance babban mai goyon bayan Harshen Indonesian a matsayin harshen ƙasa. Daga baya, ya zama editan jaridar Pemandangan kuma ya inganta 'yancin Indonesia ta hanyar majalisa.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Tabrani a Pamekasan, Madura, a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 1904 kuma ya fara karatunsa a MULO a Surabaya, kafin ya ci gaba zuwa AMS a Bandung . Daga nan sai ya shiga makarantar ma'aikatan gwamnati don 'yan asalin Indonesiya (Opleiding School Voor Inlandsche Ambtenaren), har yanzu a Bandung. A wannan lokacin, ya kasance mai aiki a cikin kungiyoyin matasa masu kishin kasa kamar Jong Java . 

## Ayyuka
Tabrani ya fara aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida a jaridar Agus Salim ta *Hindu Baroe*, inda ya kasance babban ɗan jarida tun daga shekara ta 1926.  A *Hindu Baroe*, Tabrani ya rubuta edita a ranar 10 ga Janairun 1926, inda ya fara gabatar da kalmar "*Bahasa Indonesia*" (harshe na Indonesiya) don komawa ga yaren da mutane a Indiya ke amfani da shi. A cikin wani edita mai taken "Bahasa Indonesia" wanda aka buga wata daya bayan haka a ranar 11 ga Fabrairu, ya kasance mai kishin kasa a bayyane: 

Daga baya ya shirya kuma ya shirya "Taron Matasa" na farko a 1926, wanda ya haɗu da kungiyoyin matasa da yawa na Indonesia. Tabrani ya jagoranci kwamitin shiryawa don taron kanta. A lokacin taron a ranar 30 ga Afrilu - 2 ga Mayu 1926, masu halarta sun amince da amfani da Harshen Malay a matsayin harshen ƙasa biyo bayan shawarar da Mohammad Yamin ya yi, amma Tabrani ya yi adawa, yana kira ga yaren da ake kira "harshen Indonesian ba harshen Malay ba, duk da cewa yana dauke da abubuwa na Malay. " 

## Kyauta
Tabrani sau da yawa ana yaba da shi tare da kirkirar Harshen Indonesian,   kuma Hukumar Raya Harshe ta Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Al'adu ta ba da shawarar a cikin 2019 cewa Tabrani ya zama Jarumi na kasa na Indonesia. Kabarinsa a Kabarin Tanah Kusir a Jakarta shafin tunawa ne da aikinsa. A ranar 10 ga Nuwamba 2023, Joko Widodo ya ba da taken Jarumi na Kasa ga Tabrani.

## Manazarta
Archie Thompson (Yurok)

**Archie Thompson** (Mayu 26, 1919 - Maris 26, 2013) ya kasance dattijo na Yurok na Amurka. Yurok sune mafi girman kabilar 'yan asalin Amurka a jihar California ta Amurka, tare da kusan mambobi 6,000.

Thompson shi ne Yurok mafi tsufa da ke raye kuma ɗan asalin ƙasar na ƙarshe da aka sani, mai magana da harshen Yurok a lokacin mutuwarsa a shekara ta 2013. Shi ne na karshe na kimanin dattawan Yurok ashirin da suka yi aiki don sake farfado da yaren Yurok. Ya yi aiki tare da malamai da masu ilimin harshe don adanawa da sake farfado da harshe tsakanin ƙarni na Yurok a cikin shekarun 1990 da 2000. Wadannan masu ilimin harsuna da farko sun yi hasashen cewa Yurok zai ƙare a shekara ta 2010 kuma Thompson ya sami yawancin yabo don ceton harshen. Yurok yanzu ana koyar da shi a makarantun sakandare guda biyar a duk yankunan Humboldt da Del Norte a arewacin California. Duk da yake har yanzu harshe Yana cikin haɗari, ƙoƙarin adana Yurok ana ɗaukarsa mafi kyawun ƙoƙarin farfadowa a California.

## Yarinta
An haifi Thompson a cikin Gidan shan sigari a ranar 26 ga Mayu, 1919, a ƙauyen Wa'tek (wanda yanzu ake kira Johnsons, California) a cikin Humboldt County .  An tura shi makarantar gwamnati a Hoopa, California, lokacin da yake dan shekara biyar, inda aka hana shi yin magana da Yurok. Ya koma gida lokacin da yake dan shekara takwas. Kakarsa, Rosie Jack Hoppell ce ta ɗauke shi. Kakarsa ce ta haifi Thompson, wacce ke magana da Yurok kawai a gidanta, da kawunsa. Iyalinsa sun haife shi a cikin salon rayuwar gargajiya na Yurok. Yayinda yake yaro, Thompson ya kama ducks don cika matattarar gashin tsuntsaye, ya girbe seaweed, ya kama eulachon da salmon, da kuma bin diddigin elk.

## Ilimi da aikin soja
Thompson ya sami haruffa a Kwallon ƙafa, Kwando, baseball da waƙa a Makarantar Sakandare ta Del Norte a Crescent City, California, daga inda ya kammala a 1939.  Thompson na ɗaya daga cikin ɗaliban 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka na farko da aka zana sunansa a kan Del Norte H.S. Coach's Cup, lambar yabo ta makaranta wacce ke girmama ƙwarewa ta musamman a wasanni masu yawa. Ya halarci Cibiyar Sherman, makarantar kwana ta 'yan asalin Amurka a Riverside, California, (wanda yanzu ake kira Sherman Indian High School) inda ya koyi walda. Ya yi aiki a cikin Sojojin Ruwa na Amurka a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II kuma an tura shi zuwa Kudancin Pacific.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Thompson da matarsa, Alta McCash, memba na mutanen Karuk, sun koma Crescent City a shekarar 1959.  Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya takwas kafin Alta ta mutu daga rikitarwa na faduwa a shekarar 1968.

## Daraja
A shekara ta 2009, an ba Thompson lambar yabo ta Azurfa a cikin Ma'aikatar Mentor daga Gidauniyar MetLife da Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Ƙasa a kan Tsufa a wani bikin da aka gudanar a Washington, DC.

## Mutuwa da gado
Archie Thompson ya mutu a wani asibiti a Crescent City a ranar 26 ga Maris, 2013, yana da shekaru 93.  Ya sami 'ya'ya takwas, jikoki ashirin da tara, jikoki saba'in da biyu, jikoki hudu, da 'yar'uwa daya.

## Manazarta
Chamu Krishna Shastry

**Chamu Krishna Shastry**  (an haife shi a ranar 23 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1956) masanin ilimin Indiya ne wanda ke aiki don farfado da Harshen Sanskrit . Shi ne amintacce kuma Sakatare Samskrit Promotion Foundation. Shi ne kuma co-kafa Samskrita Bharati . Yanzu yana jagorantar motsi don koyar da *Sanskrit Ta hanyar Sanskrit* A ranar 25 ga watan Janairun 2017, Gwamnatin Indiya ta sanar da kyautar "Padma Shri" a cikin rukunin wallafe-wallafen da ilimi saboda gudummawar da ya bayar wajen inganta Sanskrit.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Shastry a ranar 23 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1956 a kauyen Kedila kusa da Mangalore (Bantwal taluk).  Ya koyi Sanskrit daga Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha a Tirupati. Yayinda yake matashi Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh ma'aikacin Shastry an ɗaure shi a lokacin gaggawa. Shi kaɗai a cikin tantaninsa, ya fara karatun tarihin rayuwa. A cikin rubuce-rubucen Vinayak Damodar Savarkar da Swami Vivekananda ya koyi yadda Sanskrit zai iya buɗe ilimin kimiyya, lissafi da kiwon lafiya da aka binne a cikin tsoffin matani na Sanskrit.

## Ayyuka

### Magana da motsi na Samskrit
Krishna Shastry, tare da wasu abokansa, sun ci gaba da fara 'Speak Samskrit' Movement a 1981 daga Bangalore. Hanyar koyar da Sanskrit ita ce barin ɗalibin ya koyi shi a cikin wannan harshe maimakon ta hanyar wani harshe ta hanyar fassara. Koyon Sanskrit na iya zama aikin hanawa saboda ana koyar da shi ta hanyar fassara. Don sauƙaƙa ɗalibai, hanyar Shastry ba ta koyon yaren ta hanyar ƙamus ba, amma ta koyar da Sanskrit kamar yadda ake magana. Dalibai don haka ba lallai bane su yi gwagwarmaya da nuances na arcane syntactics. Sa'an nan kuma yana da sauƙin sanin yaren, don haka har ma da mutanen da ba su da ilimi za su iya zaɓar darasi.

### Samskrita Bharati
Wannan motsi ya samo asali ne a cikin kungiyar Samskrita Bharati, ƙungiyar masu sa kai da ta himmatu ga dalilin Sanskrit. Kokarin Shastry ya haifar da ci gaban shahararren "Kwarewar Sanskrit ta Kwanaki Goma" na Samskrita Bharati. Ya yi wahayi zuwa ga ma'aikata masu kwazo don Sanskrit a duk faɗin ƙasar wanda ke jagorantar aikin yaduwa a jihohi daban-daban. Samskrita Bharati da Shastry suna aiwatar da darasi na kwanaki 10 ta hanyar cibiyar sadarwa ta ma'aikata 250 na cikakken lokaci da masu sa kai 5,000  Sanskrit Bharati. Har ila yau, yana taimakawa cewa ana ba da hanya kyauta. Samskrita Bharati ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya ba kusan mutane miliyan goma damar koyo da tattaunawa da harshen Sanskrit, dubu ɗari daga cikinsu sun yanke shawarar amfani da Sanskrit a gida a cikin salon tsohuwar gaskiya.

### Manufofin tasiri
Shastry yana ciyar da mafi yawan lokacinsa a kan horar da malamai, bita, yin kayan ilmantarwa da tattauna ilimin Sanskrit tare da masu tsara manufofi. Ya yi imanin cewa ba kawai Sanskrit a matsayin harshe ba, amma ya kamata a koyar da batutuwa na zamani kamar ilmin sunadarai, lissafi, tarihi da sauransu ta hanyar Sanskrit.

Ya kuma kasance memba na Kwamitin Sanskrit na Gwamnatin Tsakiya wanda ya haɓaka takardar "Map for the Development of Sanskrit - Ten Year Perspective Plan" a cikin 2016. 

## Manazarta
Zulaikha Abu Risha

**Zulaikha Abd ar-Rahman Abu Risha** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1942; Larabci: ) mawaki ne kuma mai fafutuka na Jordan. Ta kasance mai ba da shawara game da haƙƙin mata, musamman game da yin Harshen Larabci ya fi dacewa da jinsi.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Zulaikha Abu Risha a shekara ta 1942 a Acre, wani birni a cikin abin da ke yanzu Isra'ila. Ta bayyana kanta kamar tana da asalin Palasdinawa, Jordan, da Siriya.

Ta yi karatun adabin Larabci a Jami'ar Jordan, ta kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a 1966 da kuma digiri na biyu a 1989.  Daga baya ta nemi digiri a Jami'ar Exeter, inda ta rubuta rubutunta a kan "Mata a cikin Littattafan Mata na Larabci"  

## Ayyuka
Abu Risha watakila an fi saninta da aikinta a matsayin mawaki da marubucin almara. An dauke ta a matsayin fitacciyar memba na fannin wallafe-wallafen Jordan.

A shekara ta 1987, Abu Risha ta wallafa tarin gajeren labari In the Cell, wanda ta lashe lambar yabo daga Jami'ar Jordan.  Ta kuma rubuta akalla littattafai 10 na shayari tun daga shekarar 1998, da kuma littafi na rubutun tarihin kansa, *Ghajarul ma'a*, a shekarar 1999.   Kuma ta samar da ayyuka da yawa na wallafe-wallafen yara, da kuma binciken ilimi na 2002 game da jinsi, Towards a Theory of Children's Literature (2002). 

Ta hanyar karbar bakuncin abubuwan da 'yan gudun hijira suka fada tatsuniyoyi, ta samar da littafin Timeless Tales: Folktales Told by Syrian Refugees, wanda ke dauke da labarun gargajiya 21.

Abu Risha kuma ya rubuta rubuce-rubuce game da sukar mata, adabi, fasaha, da jinsi da harshe. Ta kasance marubuciya ga jaridu da mujallu a Jordan da kuma fadin Larabawa.  Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin edita na mujallu al-Mu'allim / at-talib (wanda UNESCO / UNRWA ta buga) da *Al-Funun* (mujallar fasaha da Ma'aikatar Al'adu ta Jordan ta buga), kuma a matsayin darakta na al-Warraqat li-d-dirasat wal-buhuth, gidan wallafe-wallafen mata.  A cikin 2019, ta yi aiki a matsayin alƙali don Kyautar Kasa da Kasa don Labaran Larabci.

Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin malamar jami'a  kuma ta yi aiki a ranar darakta a Cibiyar Nazarin Mata a Amman, Jordan . 

Abu Risha kuma an san ta da aikinta a matsayin mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam da kare hakkin mata.  Ta yi gwagwarmaya don yin harshen Larabci ya fi hada mata, ta rubuta littattafai biyu a kan batun: The Absent Language: Towards a Gender-Neutral Language (1996) da The Language Female: Papers on Discourse and Gender (2009).    Kaddamar da hakkin mata tun farkon shekarun 1980 ya sanya ta zama manufa ga kungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, wadanda suka nemi tayar da tashin hankali a kanta. Har ila yau, ta kasance makasudin karar da aka yi mata daga Ofishin Masu Shari'a na Amman don yin tsokaci game da Islama.  

## Manazarta
William Archer (mai sukar)

**William Archer** (23 Satumba 1856 - 27 Disamba 1924) marubuci ne na Scotland, mai sukar wasan kwaikwayo, kuma Mai gyara rubutun Ingilishi wanda ya kasance, don mafi yawan aikinsa, a London. Ya kasance mai ba da shawara na farko game da wasan kwaikwayo na Henrik Ibsen, kuma aboki da kuma mai ba da shawarar George Bernard Shaw .

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Archer a Perth, ɗan fari ne na 'ya'ya tara na Thomas Archer da matarsa Grace, mai suna Morrison . Thomas ya koma sau da yawa yana neman aiki, kuma William ya halarci makarantu a Perth, Lymington, Reigate da Edinburgh. Ya shafe wasu sassan yarinta tare da dangi a Norway inda ya zama mai iya magana da yaren Norwegian kuma ya saba da wallafe-wallafen Henrik Ibsen.

Archer ya sami tallafi a Jami'ar Edinburgh don nazarin wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi, falsafar ɗabi'a da na halitta, da lissafi. Lokacin da iyalin suka koma Ostiraliya a 1872, ya kasance a Scotland a matsayin dalibi. Yayinda yake a jami'a ya zama jagora-marubuci na Edinburgh Evening News a 1875, kuma bayan shekara guda ya ziyarci iyalinsa a Ostiraliya, ya koma Edinburgh. A shekara ta 1878, daidai da sha'awar mahaifinsa, ya koma London don horar da shi a matsayin lauya. Ba shi da sha'awar doka, kuma yanzu yana sha'awar gidan wasan kwaikwayo, amma ya shiga Haikali na Tsakiya kuma ya zama lauya a 1883: bai taɓa yin aiki ba. Ya tallafa wa kansa ta hanyar aiki a matsayin mai sukar The London Figaro, kuma bayan ya gama karatunsa na shari'a ya fara aiki ga The World, wanda ya ci gaba daga 1884 zuwa 1906. A Landan nan da nan ya zama sananne sosai saboda aikinsa.

Archer ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gabatar da Ibsen ga jama'ar Ingilishi, wanda ya fara da fassarar The Pillars of Society, wanda aka samar a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Gaiety a 1880. Wasan farko ne na Ibsen da aka samar a London amma ba a san shi sosai ba. Ya kuma fassara, shi kaɗai ko tare da haɗin gwiwa, wasu shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo na Scandinavian: Ibsen's A Doll's House (1889), The Master Builder (1893, tare da Edmund Gosse); Edvard Brandes's A Visit (1892); Ibsen'an Peer Gynt (1892, tare da Charles Archer); Georg Brandes "William Shakespeare"; (1895) *[[Little Eyolf]]* (1895); da *[[John Gabriel Borkman]]* (1897); kuma ya shirya Ibsen'n's Prose Dramas (1890-1891).

## Ayyuka

### Ayyuka masu mahimmanci

* *Masu wasan kwaikwayo na Ingilishi na yau da kullun* (1882) 
* *Henry Irving*, wani binciken (1883) 
* Game da gidan wasan kwaikwayo: Essays and Studies (1886) 
* Masks ko Fuskokin? Nazarin A cikin Halitta na Ayyuka (1888) 
* *W. C. Macready*, tarihin rayuwa (1890) 
* *Matar Alan; Nazarin Dramatic a cikin Yanayi Uku* (1893) 
* "The Theatrical World for..." (1893-97), a cikin kundi biyar
* **' (1900) 
* Mawallafa na Ƙananan Ƙasa (1901) John Lane, Shugaban Bodley, London
* **' (1904) 
* *Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa: Shirin da Kimanin*, tare da H. Granville Barker, (1907) 
* Ta hanyar Afirka-Amurka (1910) 
* *Rayuwa, Shari'a, da Mutuwar Francisco Ferrer* (1911) 
* *Yin wasa* (1912) 
* *Indiya da Makomar* (1917) 
* *Tsohon Wasan kwaikwayo da Sabon* (1923)

## Manazarta
Alexander John Ellis

**Alexander John Ellis** FRS (14 Yuni 1814 - 28 Oktoba 1890) masanin lissafi ne na Ingilishi, masanin ilimin harshe kuma masanin ilimin sauti na farko wanda kuma ya rinjayi fagen ilimin kiɗa. Ya canza sunansa daga sunan mahaifinsa, Sharpe, zuwa sunan mahaifiyarsa, Ellis, a cikin 1825 a matsayin yanayin samun tallafin kuɗi mai mahimmanci daga dangi a gefen mahaifiyarsa. An binne shi a Kabari na Kensal Green, London .

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife shi **Alexander John Sharpe** a Hoxton, Middlesex, ga dangin masu arziki. Mahaifinsa, James Birch Sharpe, sanannen mai zane ne kuma likita wanda daga baya aka nada shi Esquire na Windlesham . Mahaifiyarsa, Ann Ellis, ta fito ne daga matsayi mai daraja, amma ba a san yadda iyalinta suka yi arziki ba. Ɗan'uwan Alexander James Birch Sharpe ƙarami ya mutu a Yaƙin Inkerman a lokacin Yaƙin Crimea . Wani ɗan'uwansa, William Henry Sharpe, ya yi aiki tare da Lancashire Fusiliers bayan ya koma arewa tare da iyalinsa zuwa Cumberland, saboda aikin soja.

Alexander ya yi karatu a Makarantar Shrewsbury, Kwalejin Eton da Kwalejin Trinity, Cambridge (BA 1837). Da farko an horar da shi a cikin lissafi da na gargajiya, ya zama sanannen masanin sauti na lokacinsa kuma ya rubuta labarin kan phonetics don *Encyclopaedia Britannica* a 1887. Ta hanyar aikinsa a cikin phonetics, ya kuma zama mai sha'awar murya kuma, ta hanyar fadadawa, a cikin kiɗa, da magana da waƙa.

## Harshen haruffa

Ellis ya kirkiro haruffa guda biyu, haruffa na Turanci (tare da Isaac Pitman),  wanda ya yi amfani da sabbin haruffa da yawa, da haruffa Palaeotype, wanda ya maye gurbin yawancin waɗannan da haruffi masu juyawa (kamar su, su), ƙananan kawuna (kamar haka), da italics. Wadannan haruffa, da kuma biyu daga cikin abubuwan da ya kirkira, an ba da su ga haruffa na Romic na Henry Sweet kuma daga can zuwa Haruffa na Duniya.

## Manazarta

* 1845, *Harshen Halitta*
* 1848, *Rubuce-rubuce don Magana: ko, Bukatar Gyaran Orthographic*
* 1869, A kan Farkon Turanci Pronunciation, London: N. Trübner / sake bugawa ta Greenwood Press: New York (1968).
* 1885, "A kan Scale na Musical na Al'ummai daban-daban"
* 1889, A farkon furcin Ingilishi: tare da ambaton Shakspere da Chaucer na musamman, wanda ke dauke da bincike game da takaddar rubutu tare da magana a Ingila daga zamanin Anglosaxon zuwa yau ...
* 1890, *Harsunan Ingilishi - Sauti da Gidajensu*