Prosvita

**Prosvita** (Ukrainian), tun daga shekara ta 1991 a hukumance ana kiranta **All-Ukrainian Prosvita Society mai suna [[Taras Shevchenko]]** (Vesukrenське товариство ŌPros Vasa Shivchenka)  ƙungiya ce ta  da nufin adanawa da haɓaka Al'adun Ukraine, ilimi da kimiyya, wanda aka kirkira a ƙarni na goma sha tara a Masarautar Austria-Hungary ta Galicia da Lodomeria.

Dangane da sanarwar wadanda suka kafa ta, an kirkiro motsi ne a matsayin ma'auni ga yanayin Russophile a cikin al'ummar Ukraine na lokacin.

## Tarihi

An kafa Prosvita a 1868 a Lviv da wakilai 65 daga yankuna daban-daban da kungiyoyin masu ilimi, galibi daga wannan birni. An zabi Anatole Vakhnianyn a matsayin shugaban farko na kungiyar Prosvita. A ƙarshen 1913, Prosvita tana da ƙungiyoyi 77 da ɗakunan karatu 2,648. Har ila yau, ya yi aiki a cikin Duchy na Bukovina, yana da'awar ƙarya cewa Ukrainians sune mafi yawan kabilun yankin kuma cewa Romanians masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ne, 'yan tsiraru masu tsattstsauran ra-tsire.

Bayan Juyin Juya Halin Rasha na Farko, an bude rassan gida na al'umma a yankunan da ke ƙarƙashin Mulkin Rasha da Ukrainians ke zaune: a Katerynoslav da Odessa (1905), Kyiv (1906), Kamianets-Podilskyi, Zhytomyr, Chernihiv, Mykolaiv, Melitopol, Katerynodar da sauran biranen. Koyaya, duk al'ummomin Prosvita a Daular Rasha an rufe su kafin farawar Yaƙin Duniya na farko, yayin da hukumomin mulkin mallaka suka zarge su da inganta rabuwa.

Sabon yunkurin ci gaban Prosvita ya fara ne bayan Juyin Juya Halin Rasha na 1917, lokacin da aka dawo da rassanta a Dnieper Ukraine, Volhynia da Polissia, da kuma Kuban da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Koyaya, yawancin su sun sake rufewa ta hukumomin Soviet da Poland a cikin 1920s da 1930s. Hakazalika, reshen Zakarpattian na Prosvita da aka kafa a 1920 gwamnatin Hungary ta rufe shi a 1939.

Bayan karshen yakin duniya na farko, Prosvita ya ci gaba da bunkasa a Galicia. A cikin 1936 kadai, lokacin da Yammacin Ukraine tare da birnin Lviv suka kasance wani ɓangare na Jamhuriyar Poland ta Biyu, al'umma ta buɗe sabbin kantuna sama da 500 tare da ma'aikatan kwararru na cikakken lokaci. A ƙarshen lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe, Prosvita ya girma ya haɗa da ƙungiyoyi 83, ɗakunan karatu 3,210, ɗakunan karatu 1,207, ɗakunan karatu 2,209 (tare da littattafai 688,186), kulob din wasan kwaikwayo 2,185, mawaƙa 1,115 , ƙungiyoyin mawaƙa 138, da ƙungiyoyin karatu 550. 

A shekara ta 1939 an rufe al'umma kuma sabbin sarakunan Soviet da suka isa sun dakatar da ita. Prosvita ta yi aiki ne kawai a Yammacin Turai da Amurka har zuwa 1988. Al'ummar Prosvita ta farko da aka kafa a Amurka ta kasance a Shenandoah, Pennsylvania a 1887. 

An sabunta kungiyar Prosvita a Ukraine a lokacin Soviet na Glasnost na 1988-89 a matsayin Shevchenko Association of Ukrainian Language, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar zamantakewar Ukraine mai zaman kanta. A zamanin yau Dmytro Pavlychko da Pavlo Movchan ne suka jagoranci shi (shugaban yanzu).

A halin yanzu, kusan dukkanin cibiyoyin ilimi mafi girma a Ukraine suna da alaƙa da Prosvita tare da malamai da ɗalibai a matsayin mambobi. Har ila yau, ƙungiyoyin matasa na Young Prosvita suna aiki.

A lokacin da Rasha ta mamaye Donbas a cikin 2014, 'yan adawa da Rasha sun yi niyya da yawa daga cikin mambobin Prosvita. A Luhansk, Sojojin Kudu maso Gabas sun tsare wani masanin tarihi da farfesa a jami'a wanda ya kasance shugaban Prosvita a cikin birni a watan Yunin 2014. Kwanaki da yawa bayan haka ya mutu a tsare. A watan da ya gabata, 'yan tawaye sun yi fashi da gidan wani memba na Prosvita a Druzhkivka kuma sun kashe wani memba na Krasnyi Lyman Prosvita a ƙauyen Shandryholove .

## Manazarta