Tsakiyar Najeriya

**Middle Belt** (wanda kuma ake kira **Middle-belt** ) ko **Tsakiyar Najeriya** kalma ce da ake amfani da ita a cikin yanayin yanayin ɗan adam don ayyana yankin bel ɗin da ya shimfiɗa a tsakiyar Najeriya tsawon tsayi kuma ya samar da yankin miƙa mulki tsakanin Arewacin Najeriya da Kudancin Najeriya. Ya ƙunshi rabin kudancin rusasshiyar yankin Arewacin Najeriya,  yanzu ya ƙunshi galibin Arewa ta Tsakiya da sassan yankin Arewa maso Gabas da Arewa maso Yamma, kuma ana siffanta shi da rashin cikakken ƙabila mafi rinjaye. Sannan kuma shine wurin da babban birnin tarayyar Najeriya yake.

Shahararrun kungiyoyin tsiraru, zuwa wani mataki, ya zama katangar kabilanci a cikin kasar, kuma ya janyo rabuwar kai tsakanin manyan Musulmin Arewa da Kiristan Kudu.  Yankin shine haɗin kai na waɗannan yankuna na al'adu kuma yana riƙe da ɗimbin bambance-bambancen kabilanci. Harsunan Afro-Asiatic, Nilo-Saharan, da Nijar – Kongo duk ana magana da su, waɗanda uku ne daga cikin manyan harsunan Afirka .  A cikin 1920s, Melzian (1928:496) ya bayyana shi a matsayin "Yankin Tsakiya". 

Wasu malaman suna jayayya cewa maimakon ma’anar ƙasa mai sauƙi, Middle Belt tana wakiltar haɗin addini da al'adu na waɗanda ba Kiristocin Hausa ba.

## Dubawa
Game da abin da Middle-Belt ya ƙunsa, manyan mambobi uku na gwagwarmayar Middle-Beltern suna da wannan magana kamar yadda aka gabatar a cikin mujallar pan-Middle-Beltern, New Vision a cikin Disamba, 2000:

Shahararren dan jaridar nan, Cif Bayo Joseph, mai ba da shawara kan harkokin yada labarai kuma shugaban hukumar Editorial na New Vision, a nasa bangaren ya ce:

A wata faɗar, Onesimus Enesi ya ƙara da cewa:

Ma'anar yankunan Middle Belt yana fuskantar babban muhawara saboda kasancewar yawancin kabilun Hausawa, Fulani, Kanuri da Igbo. Yarbawa waɗanda ke da rinjaye a cikin Kwara da Kogi suna da dangantaka mai karfi tare da babbar ƙungiyar Yarbawa kuma akai-akai sun fi son kada a haɗa su da ainihin Middle Belt.

## Siyasa

### Yankuna
Jihohin Najeriya da aka fi sani da Middle Belt su ne: tsohuwar Filato (yanzu Plateau da Nasarawa ), tsohuwar Gongola (yanzu Adamawa da Taraba ), Niger, Kwara, Kogi, Benue, Babban Birnin Tarayya, tare da Kudancin Kaduna., Kudancin Bauchi, Kudancin Kebbi, Kudancin Gombe, Kudancin Jihar Yobe da Kudancin Borno, duk a al'adance a matsayin yanki na Middle Belt.  

### Tashin hankali ga yanki
Yunkurin samar da yankin Middle Belt a Najeriya ya kasance wani lamari mai zafi, domin har kungiyoyi irin su United Middle-Belt Youth Congress (UMYC) sun bukaci a ba su wata kungiya ta daban daga Arewa ta hanyar kirkiro yankin Middle Belt. a matsayin tarayya a Najeriya.

## Alkaluma

### Yawan jama'a
Yawan jama'ar Middle Belt a shekarar 1991, ya kai kimanin miliyan 17.3 amma yanzu an yi hasashen sama da mutane miliyan 45 da ke zaune a yankin tsakiyar bel, wanda ke da rinjayen kiristoci kashi 65%, yawan musulmin kashi 25% da kuma yawan Animist mai kashi 10% na yawan jama'a. 

### Ƙungiyoyin kabilanci
Middle Belt ta ƙunshi kabilu da yawa da ke magana da harsuna sama da 230. Babu wata kabila mai rinjaye, amma daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin har zuwa 1991 akwai: Tiv miliyan 5.1, Nupe miliyan 1.8.  Ƙungiyoyin bayar da shawarwari irin su CONAECDA ne ke wakilta waɗannan ƙungiyoyin.   

### Rikicin kabilanci
‘Yan tsiraru a Najeriya sun kasance sun mamaye manyan kabilu uku, Hausawan Arewa, Yarabawan Kudu maso Yamma da kuma Igbo na Kudu maso Gabas. Kasancewa da mabambantan tarihi na addini, tattalin arziki da al'adu, Middle Belt ta kasance tudun mun tsira inda ƙanana da manyan ƙungiyoyin addinai a Najeriya suka daɗe suna zama tare, amma kuma suna ƙara yin karo da juna kan filaye, albarkatu, asali da kuma ikon siyasa.  Sakamakon haka shine cakuda rikice-rikice masu maimaitawa da haɗin kai na siyasa lokaci-lokaci da haɗin kai a tsakanin waɗannan al'ummomi masu banbanci. Misali ga na baya-bayan nan shi ne jam’iyyar United Middle Belt Congress da ta kunno kai bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga Birtaniya a shekarar 1960. Musamman birnin Jos na jihar Filato ya kasance cibiyar rigingimun kabilanci da tashe-tashen hankula tun a shekarun 1990. Shirin Tattaunawar Tsakanin Al'ummar Jos Forum ya shafe watanni 16 daga Agusta 2013 - Disamba 2014, kuma yana nufin shirin zaman lafiya da al'ummomin da ke zaune a Jos suka yi wanda aka kammala a cikin "Sanarwa na Zaman Lafiya". A cikin 2018 tashin hankali ya karu, tare da fadace-fadace na karancin albarkatu wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar sama da 500 sannan an lalata garuruwa 50. Rikicin dai ya yi yawa ne tsakanin Fulani makiyaya da Musulmi da kuma manoman Berom Kirista. Sama da mutane 300,000 ne rikicin ya raba da muhallansu. 

## Magana

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Blench, Roger. 2021. *[https://www.academia.edu/video/kLmebj Sake gina al'umma a tsakiyar Najeriya kafin 1800]* . An gabatar dashi akan 12 Yuni 2021.