Kungiyoyin Laburaren Afirka da Bayanai da Cibiyoyi

Ƙungiyar Laburare ta Afirka da Ƙungiyoyin Watsa Labarai da Cibiyoyi ( AfLIA ), wanda aka fi sani da AfLIA, [1] kungiya ce ta kasa da kasa mai zaman kanta wacce ke da hedikwata a Accra, Ghana . [2] [3] Ƙungiyar ta yi rajista a ƙarƙashin dokokin Ghana a matsayin kungiya mai zaman kanta . Ana gudanar da shi a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin tsarin mulki da dokokinsa . [4] A halin yanzu Cibiyar tana karkashin jagorancin Dr. Helena Asamoah-Hassan a matsayin Babban Darakta. [5] [6]

## Tarihi
Gaskiya ce cewa ci gaba da rikice-rikice na ilimi, tattalin arziki da zamantakewar siyasa suna hana isar da laburare da sabis na bayanai a Afirka [1] yayin da rawar da tasirin sashen Laburaren Afirka da Kimiyya na Bayanai (LIS) da matsayinta a cikin ajanda na ci gaba an rage shi. [2][3]

Halin da gwamnatoci da manyan masu ruwa da tsaki suka yi ya haifar da rashin kula da bangaren laburare da ke haifar da kalubale da dama da suka hada da; rage kasafin kudi da kuma rashin isassun kudade ga dakunan karatu. [1] Ganin cewa sau da yawa ana ba da shawarar ci gaban ƙasa da ƙasa ta hanyar ajandar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya 2030, AU Agenda 2063 da Ajandar ci gaba na ƙasa, akwai buƙatar ƙungiyar Labura ta Nahiyar don ɗaukar babban matakin bayar da shawarwari a madadin sashin LIS na Afirka. [2]

Continental library associations serve as growth and high-level advocacy bodies for the library and information profession. They represent important platforms to discuss issues and further the cause of the library and information sector, at the continental level. In Africa, the idea of having such an Association had been nursed and widely discussed by many prominent African library and information professionals for many years but it was not until 2013 that one was finally created.

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2011, an gudanar da taron ɗakin karatu na nahiyar don Afirka a Muldersdrift, Afirka ta Kudu, tare da taken; The Future of African Librarianship . Wannan shi ne taron farko na ɗakin karatu na Afirka kuma ya kawo a ƙarƙashin rufin sanannun ɗakin karatu na Afrika da masu sana'a. Bayan gabatarwar da Dr. Helena Asamoah-Hassan ya yi a taron, an tattauna game da bukatar kafa kungiyar laburare ta Afirka a nahiyar da za ta samar da dandamali don tattauna batutuwa da kuma ci gaba da dalilin laburaren da sashin bayanai a Afirka.

Bayan yarjejeniya, an ba da umurni ga Sashen Afirka na IFLA don kafa Kwamitin Bincike wanda aikinsa shine gudanar da binciken yiwuwar, tuntuɓar manyan masu ruwa da tsaki na LIS a nahiyar da kuma bayar da rahoton binciken ga Sashen IFLA Afirka. Kwamitin Bincike, kamar yadda aka ba da umarni, ya gabatar da rahotonsu ga Sashen Afirka na IFLA a lokacin Taron Tsakiyar Lokaci na Sashen Afirka a watan Fabrairun, 2013 a Abuja, Najeriya. Sakamakon aikin da Kwamitin Bincike ya yi ya haɗa amma ba a iyakance shi ba; daftarin kundin tsarin mulkin AfLIA, shawarar sunan kungiyar, hangen nesa, Ofishin Jakadancin, Tsarin Mulki, membobin da ka'idojin membobin, kwamitocin da aka tsara da kungiyoyin aiki da kuma hanyoyin samar da kudade don ci gaba da kungiyar.

Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, an yarda da shawarar kwamitin don kafa Laburaren Afirka da Ƙungiyoyin Bayanai da Cibiyoyin (AfLIA). Daga baya, an zaɓi kwamitin wucin gadi a taron Mid Term na Sashen IFLA Afirka don gudanar da harkokin kungiyar na tsawon shekaru biyu (2013-2015). Ana ɗaukar membobin Kwamitin wucin gadi a matsayin Majalisar Gudanarwa ta kafa kungiyar. Daga baya a wannan shekarar (5 ga Yulin 2013), an ƙaddamar da AfLIA a hukumance a matsayin ƙungiyar ɗakin karatu ta Afirka a lokacin taron 2 na African Library Summit wanda Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu (UNISA) ta shirya a Pretoria, Afirka ta Kudu.  A cikin shekara ta 2014, Majalisar Gudanarwa ta kafa ta fara matakai don shirya zaben farko na jami'ai da wakilai na kungiyar, wanda ya faru a cikin shekara ta 2015.

A lokacin taron koli na 3 na African Library da kuma taron AfLIA na 1 da aka shirya a watan Yulin, 2015 a Accra, Ghana, AfLIA ta gudanar da taron farko na mambobi. A Babban Taron 2015, an yi wa kundin tsarin mulkin kungiyar gyare-gyare don samun mataimakin shugaban kasa da kuma babban darakta. An amince da wannan kuma an kaddamar da Majalisar Gudanarwa ta farko, wanda ya hada da, shugabannin sassan daban-daban. Kodayake an kafa kungiyar ne a watan Yulin 2013, an yi rajista a matsayin kungiyar kasa da kasa mai zaman kanta (NGO) a karkashin dokokin Ghana a watan Oktoba 2014 tare da wurin zama na aiki a Accra, Ghana.

## Kasancewa memba

AfLIA kungiya ce da aka fi nunawa ta hanyar membobin ma'aikata. Kasancewa memba yana buɗewa ga kowane kungiya, a Afirka da kuma diaspora, tare da sha'awar ɗakin karatu na Afirka da sashin bayanai. A halin yanzu, membobin sun haɗa da; Ƙungiyoyin Laburaren Kasa, Litattafan Kasa, Littattafan Ilimi, Litattafuran Jama'a, Litattawan Al'umma, Litattan Makarantu, Ƙungiyar Litattafai ta Kasa, Cibiyoyin Bayanai da Bayanai, Cibiyoyi da Kasuwanci masu alaƙa da Bayanai da, Abokai na AfLIA / Litattafiyar, Litattoci da Cibiyoyin da ke da alaƙa da ɗakunan karatu a Diaspora da Cibiyoyi.

A halin yanzu, kungiyar tana da cibiyoyin mambobi 141 da ƙungiyoyi  da ke fadin dukkan yankuna biyar na Afirka  kuma suna rufe 32 daga cikin ƙasashen Afirka 54.  Har ila yau, akwai shaidar diaspora da cibiyoyin membobin duniya duk da haka, wannan rukunin membobin ya zama ƙasa da 2% na jimlar membobin.  

A gefe guda, AfLIA kuma memba ne na Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Laburaren Duniya da Cibiyoyin (IFLA) , wata ƙungiya ta ƙasa da ƙasa da ke wakiltar bukatun mutanen da suka dogara da ɗakunan karatu da masu sana'a. 

## Gudanarwa
Ana gudanar da AfLIA a karkashin jagororin Kundin Tsarin Mulki da Bye-Laws .  Kungiyar tana karkashin jagorancin zababben Majalisar Gudanarwa, wanda ya kunshi Shugaban kasa, Mataimakin Shugaban kasa, Baitulmalin, Tsohon Shugaban kasa, wakilan yanki da shugabannin sassan da ke akwai, da Sakatariyar da Babban Darakta ke jagoranta. Babban Taron Shekara-shekara shine mafi girman shugabanci da yanke shawara na kungiyar. Mambobin Majalisar Gudanarwa suna da shekaru biyu kuma sabon Majalisar Gudanar da ke waje sau da yawa ya dace da Taron AfLIA na shekaru biyu da Taron Litattafan Afirka. 

Shugaban yanzu na Laburaren Afirka da Ƙungiyoyin Bayanai da Cibiyoyi shine Mista Alim Garga . Mista Garga ya maye gurbin Mista Mandla Ntombela a matsayin Shugaban AfLIA a watan Yulin 2021.  Dokta John Tsebe ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban farko da aka zaba na kungiyar daga 2015 zuwa 2019 kuma ya yi aiki ne a matsayin memba na Majalisar Gudanarwa a matsayin tsohon shugaban kungiyar daga 2019-2021. Tun daga watan Yulin 2015, Dokta Helena Asamoah-Hassan ta kasance Babban Darakta na AfLIA .   

## Sashe na nau'in ɗakin karatu
A halin yanzu akwai sassan bakwai a cikin AfLIA. Mambobin sassan ne ke zabar shugabannin sassan a kowace shekara biyu. Shugabannin sassan sun zama mambobi na atomatik na Majalisar Gudanarwa.

## Shirye-shiryen dabarun da ayyukan
Manufar hukuma, a cewar kungiyar ita ce "don karfafa ɗakin karatu da al'ummar bayanai don inganta tsarin ci gaban Afirka ta hanyar ayyuka masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke canza hanyoyin rayuwa". Shirye-shiryen kungiyar da ayyukan Sakatariyar ne ke gudanar da su tare da hadin gwiwar sassan da kwamitoci daban-daban (na ciki) da kuma abokan hulɗa.

### Taron da Taron Zagaye

#### Taron AfLIA da Taro na Laburare na Afirka
AfLIA tana gudanar da wannan taron ɗakin karatu a kowace shekara biyu. Sau da yawa ana kiran taron; taron AfLIA na nth da taron koli na ɗakin karatu na Afirka kuma galibi ana gudanar da shi tsakanin Mayu - Yuli a cikin kasashe membobin a cikin salon sauyawa. Taron da aka yi kwanan nan shi ne Taron AfLIA na 3 da Taron Laburaren Afirka na 5, an gudanar da shi daga 21-24 Mayu 2019 a Nairobi, Kenya.  Ana sa ran za a gudanar da taron na gaba, taron AfLIA na 4 da taron African Library na 6, a cikin 2019 a Accra, Ghana, a cewar kungiyar. Taron yawanci ya haɗa da ayyukan kamar bita da tarurruka na farko, takarda, hoton da gabatarwar magana, nune-nunen, kyaututtuka da zaman girmamawa, daren al'adu da sauran zaman ɓarkewa don Sashen Ƙungiyar don saduwa. Mataimakin Shugaban Kenya, Mista William Samoei Ruto, ya kasance baƙo na musamman na girmamawa a Al'adun Al'adu na taron 2019.  Har ila yau, kungiyar tana gudanar da Babban Taron da Taron Majalisar Gudanarwa a lokacin waɗannan tarurruka. Taron AfLIA sananne ne saboda kasancewa daya daga cikin manyan tarurruka na kwararru da aka shirya a nahiyar, yawanci suna jawo ɗakin karatu da masu sana'a, gami da masu baje kolin galibi daga Afirka, da sauran sassan duniya.

#### Taron Laburaren Jama'a na Afirka
Taron Taron Laburaren Jama'a na Afirka shine taron nahiyar na shugabannin laburaren jama'a da masu tsara manufofi a Afirka. Ba kamar Taron AfLIA da Taron Litattafan Afirka ba wanda ke da niyya ga dukkan nau'ikan masu sana'a na LIS, ana shirya Taron Ltattafan Jama'a na Afirka tare da mai da hankali kan masu karatu da manajoji daga sararin ɗakin karatu na jama'a a duk faɗin Afirka. An gudanar da taron ne tare da kudade daga Gidauniyar Bill da Melinda Gates ta hanyar Global Libraries Initiative,  don zama dandamali don tattauna damar da za a samu don ƙirƙirar ɗakunan karatu na ƙarni na 21 waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci ga ci gaban al'ummomin Afirka, ƙasashe da nahiyar. 

Taron farko na Laburaren Jama'a na Afirka ya faru ne a Johannesburg a cikin 2012, wanda Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu ta shirya   Shaidar ta nuna cewa ba a shirya taron budurwa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin AfLIA ba, saboda ba a kafa kungiyar ba kamar yadda a lokacin amma taron na biyu da na uku na Laburaron Jama'a da ya faru a Ezulwini, Eswatini (tsohon Swaziland), a cikin 2016 da Durban, Afirka ta Kudu, a cikin 2018 bi da bi, AfLIA ne ya shirya su.  Tun lokacin da shirin Global Libraries ya zo kusa a ƙarshen 2018,  ba a san lokacin da kuma inda za a gudanar da taron koli na African Public Library na gaba ba.

#### Taron Roundtable na Ministocin Afirka da ke da alhakin Litattafan
A cikin shekara ta 2015, kungiyar ta fara wani dandamali na bayar da shawarwari wanda aka yi niyya don jaddada rawar da ɗakunan karatu ke takawa wajen samun ilimi da ci gaban ilimi da kuma bincika ci gaban da gwamnatocin Afirka suka yi ga bangaren ɗakin karatu. Har ila yau, taron yana nufin samar da jagoranci da jagora kan yadda gwamnatocin Afirka zasu iya haɗa ɗakunan karatu a cikin shirye-shiryen ci gaban ƙasa da kuma kare rarraba albarkatu don cimma burinsu.

Taron tebur na Ministocin Afirka da ke da alhakin ɗakunan karatu (wanda ake kira kawai Taron Ministocin Laburaren) yana da niyya da kuma lokacin kasancewar Ministocin Afrika da ko Ma'aikatu a ƙarƙashin ikon su isar da ɗakin karatu da sabis na bayanai ya faɗi, da kuma Daraktocin Litattafan Kasa ko Masu Litattafai na Kasa. Sau da yawa ana shirya taron ne a matsayin hadin gwiwa tsakanin ma'aikatar gwamnati da ke kula da ɗakunan karatu, ta hanyar National Library ko kuma ba da izini ga ɗakin karatu na ƙasar da ke karɓar bakuncin, da kuma African Library and Information Associations and Institutions (AfLIA). 

Ya zuwa yanzu, an shirya Taron Ministocin Laburaren guda uku, wato 2017 da 2018. Taron Ministocin Laburaren kwanan nan ya faru ne a watan Oktoba 2019 a Accra, Ghana  kuma taron ya samu wakilci daga Ministoci, Mataimakin Ministoci، wakilai ko wakilai da Daraktocin Laburaron Kasa daga kasashe 25 na Afirka.  

Wani babban ci gaba na taron Ministocin Laburare shi ne, Ministoci masu masaukin baki, wadanda ke kan gaba wajen shugabancin kwamitin ministocin, su fitar da wata takarda da Ministocin da ke halartar taron suka ba da izini bayan tattaunawarsu, wacce ke faruwa a cikin kyamara. Waɗannan sanarwar sun kasance masu nuni ga ci gaba da jajircewar Ministocin Afirka da ke da hannu wajen haɓaka fannin laburare a ƙasashensu. Taron Ministocin Laburare a cikin 2015 ya haifar da sanarwar Cape Town .   Taron Ministocin Laburare a cikin 2018 ya haifar da sanarwar Durban.  Taron Ministocin Laburare a cikin 2019 ya haifar da sanarwar Accra. 

### Jagora da Ci gaba da Shirye-shiryen Ci Gaban Kwararru
Jagora wani bangare ne na nasarar kowace kungiya. AfLIA tana aiwatar da manyan jagoranci guda uku da shirye-shiryen ci gaban ƙwararru na ci gaba wato INELI-SSAf, AfLAc da IYALI.

#### Cibiyar sadarwa ta Duniya ta Masu Sabunta Laburaren (INELI) - SSAf
INELI wani shiri ne na ilmantarwa wanda aka fara tallafawa ta hanyar Bill da Melinda Gates Foundation ta hanyar Global Libraries Initiative. An kafa shirin ne don sauƙaƙe sauya ɗakunan karatu na jama'a zuwa injunan ci gaba ta hanyar tallafawa masu ɗakunan karatu masu zuwa don haɓaka sabbin ayyuka don amfanin al'ummominsu. AfLIA tana kula da aiwatar da shirin INELI na Afirka ta Kudu. Shirin ya jaddada inganta cibiyoyin sadarwa masu ƙarfi na shugabannin ɗakin karatu masu tasowa a Afirka waɗanda suka haɓaka iliminsu, halayensu da ƙwarewar jagoranci ta hanyar yanayin ilmantarwa da cibiyar sadarwa. Shirin yana ba da darussan e-learning ta hanyar dandalin Moodle ga mahalarta.

Bugu da kari, mahalarta sun taru don bitar horo a lokacin taron AfLIA kuma ana sa ran samun nasarar aiwatar da ayyukan al'umma kafin kammala karatun. An horar da ƙungiyoyi biyu har zuwa yanzu. An bayar da rahoton cewa an yi rajista a cikin 2016 kuma an wuce shi daga shirin a cikin 2018. Kungiyar farko ta kunshi mahalarta 32 daga kasashe 14 na Afirka. A cewar AfLIA, rukuni na biyu ya kunshi mahalarta 34 daga kasashe 10 na Afirka.

#### Kwalejin Jagorancin AfLIA - AfLAc
Wannan shirin yana ba da horo a cikin sabis don gina damar manajojin matsakaicin matsakaicin ɗakunan karatu don gudanar da ɗakunan karatu yadda ya kamata a wannan zamanin fasaha da bayanai. An haɓaka shirin AfLAc tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Ƙungiyar Laburaren Jama'a (PLA) , Amurka, kuma an tsara shi a kan Kwalejin Jagorancin PLA .  Ana ba da horo ta hanyar haɗakar ilmantarwa, kuma an yi niyyar rufe gibin tsakanin gudanar da tarin kuma haɗa su, a gefe guda, zuwa al'ummomi kuma, a gefe ɗaya, yin ɗakunan karatu masu ƙarfi na al'ummomin, haɗakar da mutane, bayanai da ayyuka. Kwalejin tana bawa shugabannin ɗakin karatu damar gano yadda za su iya ba da gudummawa wajen gina al'ummominsu, su kafa haɗin gwiwa tare da kungiyoyin da ba na ɗakin karatu ba, da haɓaka cikakkun ayyuka waɗanda ke tasiri ga rayuwar yau da kullun na masu amfani da ɗakin karatu da al'ummomi.

Baya ga horo na kan layi, mahalarta shirin suna taruwa lokaci-lokaci don bitar horo a lokacin taron farko na kungiyar kuma ana sa ran fara ayyukan al'umma, bisa ga matsalar da aka gano a cikin gida. Zuwa ƙarshen shirin, mahalarta sun fara shirin musayar ƙwararru zuwa Amurka (Chicago a cikin 2019  da Nashville a cikin 2020 ). 

Ƙungiyoyin AfLAc sun shiga ƙungiyar Kwalejin Jagorancin PLA don zaman horo na ƙarshe, sun fara ziyarar ɗakin karatu kuma sun shiga wasu zaman taron PLA. Bikin kammala karatu ga mahalarta Kwalejin Jagorancin AfLIA galibi ana gudanar da shi yayin shirin musayar. An horar da ƙungiyoyi biyu har zuwa yanzu  kuma ana kiran ƙungiya ta uku, a cewar ƙungiyar. Kafin 2020, an yi niyya ga shirin AfLAc ga masu kula da ɗakin karatu na jama'a da na al'umma, duk da haka, an sake fasalin shirin kwanan nan don yin niyya ga masu kulawar ɗakin karatu na Afirka daga dukkan nau'ikan ɗakin karatu.

#### Shirin ga Matasan Laburaren Afirka masu kirkiro - IYALI
Wannan shiri ne na haɗin gwiwa na gina iyawa ta AfLIA, Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Laburaren Duniya (IFLA), da Bayanan Lantarki don Litattafai (EIFL), amma EIFL ce ke sarrafawa. IYALI tana haɗa matasa masu ɗakin karatu tare da takwarorinsu a wasu wurare a Afirka, da kuma a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa da masu tasowa, suna ba su damar koyo daga juna, faɗaɗa hangen nesa, samun sabbin ra'ayoyi da ƙirƙirar cibiyar sadarwa don tallafa wa juna. Matsayin mutum a kan tsani na gudanarwa ba ma'auni ne don cancanta muddin mutum matashi ne. Koyaya, babu wani takamaiman ma'anar wanda ya cancanci zama matashi mai kula da ɗakin karatu. 

Babban manufar ita ce ta karfafa matasa da masu kula da ɗakin karatu na jama'a na Afirka tare da damar jagoranci don rungumar, saitawa da kuma cimma burin burin burbushin ayyukan ɗakin karatu. Wadannan ayyuka suna ba da gudummawa ga Ci gaba mai ɗorewa kuma suna ba masu ɗakunan karatu amincewa da hangen nesa don ci gaba da canza ayyukan ɗakunan karatu, tabbatar da cewa ɗakunan karatu a duk faɗin Afirka suna ci gaba da haɓaka don biyan bukatun mutum da al'umma.

### Gajerun darussan
***Darasi na Ci gaban Ilimi na Farko***

Shirin da aka haɓaka tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Neil Butcher & Associates horo ne na makonni 5 na kan layi wanda ke koya wa ma'aikatan ɗakin karatu na jama'a da na al'umma yadda za su fitar da ƙwarewar karatu da rubutu ta hanyar fallasa yara a cikin al'ummominsu zuwa ɗakin karatu a matsayin mahalli masu wadata da karatu da kuma lokutan tarihi a matsayin windows na damar samun bugawa da wayar da kan jama'a a cikin harshen Ingilishi da yarensu. Abu mai mahimmanci, darasi ya gabatar da manufar da kuma aikin bude lasisi a matsayin hanyar kara yawan albarkatun karatu masu dacewa da shekaru a cikin harsunan uwa ta hanyar fassarar litattafan labaran da aka ba da lasisi. Wannan darasi yana gudana na makonni 5, kyauta ne kuma AfLIA ce ke sauƙaƙe shi.

***Hanyar buɗewa***

Babban manufar wannan darasi shine samar da fahimtar da aka kafa game da bakan budewa a cikin bincike da ilimi ga ma'aikatan ɗakin karatu na Afirka da bincike. Ana kuma koya wa mahalarta wannan darasi yadda za a ba da shawara don Budewa a cikin cibiyoyin su a yankuna masu dacewa misali, yadda za a inganta wayar da kan jama'a game da buɗewa, buɗe bayanai, buɗe lasisi, OERs da kuma jagorantar bayar da shawarwari ga manufofin hukuma da yiwuwar tallafi a waɗannan yankuna. Shirin da ke gudana na makonni 5 kyauta ne, wanda AfLIA ta sauƙaƙe kuma an haɓaka shi tare da haɗin gwiwar OER Africa of Saide . 

## Abokan hulɗa
AfLIA tana cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da kungiyoyi da yawa wasu daga cikinsu an jera su a ƙasa.

* Tarayyar Afirka
* Bibliotheca Alexandrina na Jamhuriyar Larabawa ta Masar
* Cibiyar Nazarin Laburaren da Kwararrun Bayanai (CILIP) 
* Ofishin Laburaren Turai, Bayanai da Ƙungiyoyin Bayanai (EBLIDA) 
* Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Laburaren Duniya da Cibiyoyin (IFLA) 
* SAIDE da OER Afirka 
* Ƙungiyar Laburaren Jama'a (PLA)  na Ƙungiyar Laburan Amurka 
* Kungiyar Fasaha da Canjin Jama'a (TASCHA), Jami'ar Washington 
* Laburaren Wikipedia
* Gidauniyar Wikimedia
* Ƙungiyar Ilimin Ilimin Duniya (WIPO) 
* Kungiyar wallafe-wallafen ilimi da ilimi - SPARC Afirka 

* Neil Butcher da Associates (NBA)  
* Gidauniyar William da Flora Hewlett

## Littattafai

* Bayanan AfLIA Bayyanawa da Sanarwa - sun haɗa da Bayanan game da Karatun Kasa da Kasa don Ci gaba; 'Yanci na Bayani; 'Yantar Samun Bayani da' Yancin Magana, Bayanan Cape Town, Bayanan Durban da Bayanan Accra, EIFL, AfLIA & IFLA Haɗin gwiwa Kira ga Malawi don rungumar ruhun Yarjejeniyar Marrakesh .
* AfLIA Professional Reports - ya haɗa da wallafe-wallafen kamar yadda ɗakunan karatu na Afirka ke ba da gudummawa ga Agenda na Tarayyar Afirka 2063.

## Ƙarin karantawa
Zaɓuɓɓukan wallafe-wallafen da aka sake dubawa da rahotanni na fasaha tare da abokan tarayya.

* Young, J. C., Lynch, R., Boakye-Achampong, S., Jowaisas, C., Sam, J., & Norlander, B. (2020). Bayanan ƙasa na sa kai a Kudancin Duniya: shingen ga aiwatar da ayyukan taswirar gida a duk faɗin Afirka. [Hasiya] https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-020-10184-6
* Lynch, R., Young, J. C., Jowaisas, C., Rothschild, C., Garrido, M., Sam, J., & Boakye-Achampong, S. (2020). Kalubale na bayanai don ɗakunan karatu na jama'a: Ra'ayoyin Afirka da mahallin zamantakewa na ilimi. *Ci gaban Bayanai*, 1-15. 
* [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga Ibrananci da aka yi amfani da ita a lokacin da aka yi la'akari da ita. *[https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/handle/1773/43470 Ayyuka na farko na Ci gaban Laburaren Bayyanawa a Afirka]* Project. Kungiyar Fasaha da Canjin Jama'a.
* [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga Ibrananci. https://web.aflia.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/UNESCO-OER-Recommendation-Overview-for-librarians-_230802_093332.pdf

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje