Charlie Baker

**Charles Duane Baker Jr.** (an haife shi a watan Nuwamba 13, 1956) ɗan siyasan Amurka ne wanda ke aiki a matsayin shugaba na shida na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa, tun daga 2023. Memba na Jam’iyyar Republican, ya yi aiki a matsayin gwamnan Massachusetts na 72 na 2015 zuwa 2023, kuma ya riƙe mukaman majalisar ministoci biyu a ƙarƙashin gwamnoni biyu na baya. Ya kuma yi aiki na tsawon shekaru goma a matsayin Shugaba na Harvard Pilgrim Health Care.
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Baker ya girma a Needham, Massachusetts, ya sami digiri na farko daga Jami'ar Harvard a 1979,   , kuma daga baya ya sami MBA daga Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Jami'ar Kellogg ta Arewa maso yamma. A cikin 1991, ya zama Mataimakin Sakatare na Lafiya da Ayyukan Jama'a a Massachusetts a ƙarƙashin Gwamna Bill Weld. A cikin 1992, an nada shi sakataren lafiya da ayyukan ɗan adam na Massachusetts. Daga baya ya zama sakataren gudanarwa da kudi a karkasin Weld da magajinsa, Paul Cellucci
   Retrieved December 15, 2022.
## Rayuwar farko da aiki
An haifi Baker a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba, 1956, a Elmira, New York. Daga zuriyar Ingilishi, danginsa sun kasance a yankin arewa maso gabashin Amurka tun lokacin mulkin mallaka., Shi ne tsara na huɗu a cikin iyali da ke da sunan farko Charles.  Kakansa Charles D. Baker (1846–1934) mataimakin lauya ne na Amurka a New York, wanda ya yi shekaru da yawa Majalisar Dokokin Jihar New York. kakansa Charles D. Baker Jr. (c. 1890–1971) fitaccen ɗan siyasa ne a Newburyport, Massachusetts.[  Mahaifinsa, Charles Duane Baker (an haife shi 1928), wanda ya kammala karatun digiri na Harvard, ya kasance mai siye ga Kamfanin Lantarki na Westinghouse. Mahaifiyarsa, Alice Elizabeth "Betty" (née Ghormley) (1932-2016), ta kasance a gida.  ]  baBaker's
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A cikin 1969, masu yin burodi sun koma Washington, D.C., inda aka nada dattijon Baker a matsayin mataimakin sakatare na Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Amurka a cikin Gwamnatin Nixon, ya zama mataimakiyar sakatare mai kula da harkokin siyasa da na kasa da kasa a shekara mai zuwa, kuma a cikin duka damar aiki a karkashin Sakataren Sufuri da tsohon gwamnan Massachusetts John Volpe. ] mahaifiya kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin sakbtare gna  Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Ayyukan Jama'a ta Amurka a cikin Hukumar Reagan a ƙarƙashin Wakiliyar Amurka Margaret Heckler. Masu yin burodi sun koma Needham a cikin 1971, inda Baker ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Needham]  ya yi aiki a kan rashin nasara da maki daya [ 
Mukamai a gwamnatocin Weld da Cellucci
A ƙarshen 1980s, Baker ya ɗauki hayar a matsayin mai gudanarwa na sabuwar kafa Pioneer Institute, cibiyar 'yanci ta tushen Boston. Lovett C. "Pete" Peters, wanda ya kafa cibiyar, daga baya ya ba shi shawarar ga Bill Weld, gwamnan Republican mai zuwa na Massachusetts. Weld ya hau kan karagar mulki a watan Janairun 1991 kuma ya dauke shi aiki a matsayin karamin sakataren lafiya da ayyukan dan Adam.

A cikin yanke shirye-shiryen jihohi da ayyukan zamantakewa, Baker ya haifar da cece-kuce tun da wuri. Duk da haka, wasu jami'an gwamnati suna kiransa "mai kirkire-kirkire" kuma "daya daga cikin manyan taurari a cikin sakatarori da hukumomi."An kara masa Baker mukamin sakataren lafiya da ayyukan jama'a a watan Nuwamba 1992,  kuma daga baya aka nada shi sakataregudanarwa da kudi, mukamin da ya ci gaba da rikebBBabAnhahy eh g bayan Weld ya yi murabus a 1997 kuma Paul Cellucci ya karbi ragamar mulki. A tsakiyar 1998, Cellucci ya ba shi mukamin laftanar gwamna akan tikitin, amma Baker ya ƙi.

A matsayinsa na sakataren gudanarwa da kuɗi, Baker ya kasance babban ginshiƙi na shirin bayar da kuɗin Big Dig. A cikin 1997 gwamnatin tarayya tana shirin rage kudaden da ake ba wa Big Dig da dala miliyan 300 a kowace shekara. Jihar ta kafa amana kuma ta sayar da Bayanan Haƙiƙa na Grant (GANs) ga masu saka jari. An tabbatar da bayanan ta hanyar alƙawarin kuɗaɗen manyan hanyoyin tarayya nan gaba. Kamar yadda ake ba da dalar manyan titin tarayya ga Massachusetts, ana amfani da kuɗin don biyan GANs.  

## Aikin masana'antar lafiya
A cikin Satumba 1998, Baker ya bar gwamnatin jiha kuma ya zama Shugaba na Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, ƙungiyar likitocin New England.a cikin Mayu 1999, an nada shi shugaba kuma Shugaba na kamfanin iyayen Harvard Vanguard, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, ƙungiyar fa'idodin kiwon lafiya mai zaman kanta. Kamfanin ya yi basarar dala miliyan 58 a shekarar 1998,  kuma an yi hasashen zai yi asarar sama da dala miliyan 90 a shekarar 1999. Baker ya amsa ta hanyar yanke ma'aikata ta hanyar mutane 90, haɓaka ƙimar kuɗi, kafa sabbin kwangiloli tare da likitocin Massachusetts, sake nazarin tsarin kuɗin kamfani, da fitar da fasahar bayanansa.[   A lokacin da yake rike da mukamin Shugaba, kamfanin yana da rubu'i 24 masu fa'ida a jere kuma ya sami karbuwa daga kwamitin tabbatar da inganci na kasa a matsayin zabinsa na Mafi kyawun Tsarin Kiwon Lafiya na Amurka na tsawon shekaru biyar a jere.

A tsakiyar 2007, an gayyaci Baker don shiga kwamitin amintattu na Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Deaconess na Bet Israel. Saboda rawar da ya taka a harkar inshora, nadin ya haifar da cece-kuce, amma shi da shugaban asibitin, Paul F. Levy, sun musanta duk wani rikici na sha'awa.  

## yakin neman zaben gwamna
Ƙarin bayani: Gwamna na Charlie Baker § Yaƙin neman zaɓe na 2010 bai yi nasara ba, da kuma zaɓen gwamnan Massachusetts na 2010
 
n." A ranar 8 ga Yuli, 2009, Baker ya sanar  takararsa, kuma a ranar 17 ga Yuli ya sauka daga matsayinsa a Harvard Pilgrim Health Care.  Ga abokin takararsa, Baker ya zaɓi shugaban marasa rinjaye na Majalisar Dattawa Richard R. Tisei  jihar Republican 
  A watan Afrilun 2017, gwamnatin Baker ta ba da tallafin dala 900,000 ga masu samar da ruwan sha na jama'a guda biyar cikin Fabrairu 2018, gwamnatin ta ba da sanarwar cewa shirye-shiryen ruwa mai tsabta 58 da ayyukan ruwan sha guda 28 a duk faɗin Massachusetts za su cancanci dala miliyan 610 a cikin lamuni don tallafawa ayyukan gini don haɓakawa ko maye gurbin sha=

## Tarayya
A cikin watan Mayu 2015, Baker ya aika da bukata ga Sakatariyar Lafiya da Ayyukan Dan Adam na Amurka Sylvia Mathews Burwell don jinkirta canje-canje a ƙarƙashin Dokar Kariya da Kulawa da Kulawa (ACA) zuwa ƙananan kasuwancin inshorar kiwon lafiya a Massachusetts har sai gwamnatin jihar za ta iya ba da izini don ƙaddamarwa,  wanda aka kulla a wata mai zuwa  an ba da izini a watan Agusta. A cikin ,  Yuli mai zuwa, sun sami izini na shekara guda daga Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya ta Amurka da Ayyukan Jama'a don ba da damar masu inshorar kiwon lafiya na Massachusetts su ci gaba da yin amfani da ƙananan ƙididdiga na rukuni marasa daidaituwa tare da ACA.[      

A cikin " A cikin Nuwamba 2016, Baker ta gwamnatin samu amincewa daga Cibiyoyin for Medicare da Medicaid Services don aiwatar da shekaru biyar watsi da ba da izini a $52.4 biliyan sake fasalin MassHealth. watan Disamba 2016, Baker ya sanar da goyon bayan 21st Century Cures Dokar da ta Majalisar 16. 
A cikin Janairu 2017, a cikin budaddiyar wasika zuwa ga Shugaban Masu Rinjaye na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka Kevin McCarthy, Baker ya kare wasu tanade-tanade na ACA kuma ya bukaci Majalisar Dokokin Amurka ta 115 da kada ta soke dokar da sauri kuma ta rushe kasuwannin inshora. cikin Maris 2017, bayan rubuta a cikin budaddiyar wasiƙa zuwa ga duk membobin wakilan Majalisar Massachusetts cewa jihar na iya rasa dala biliyan 1 a cikin tallafin kula da lafiya na tarayya a ƙarƙashin Dokar Kula da Lafiya ta Amurka ta 2017 (AHCA),  ya yi adawa da 

  
## kasafin kudi
Disbmba 2016, saboda raguwar kasafin kuɗin tsakiyar shekara na Baker, Kiwon Lafiyar Baystate ya yi asarar kuɗi dala miliyan 1. cikin Janairu 2017, a cikin tsarin kasafin kudin jihar na shekarar kasafin kudi na 2018, Baker ya ba da shawarar kimanta $ 2,000-kowane ma'aikaci akan kasuwancin da ba sa ba da inshorar lafiya don magance ci gaban kashe kuɗi a MassHealth,  wanda 'yan kasuwar jihar suka nuna adawa da shi kuma ƙungiyoyin kula da lafiya sun goyi bayansa.[ 206] A cikin (ACA). Har ila yau, a cikin Fabrairu 2017, gwamnatin Baker ta sanar da cewa ta sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da Correct Care Solutions don ba da kulawar marasa lafiya a asibitin jihar Bridgewater,  da kuma Afrilu mai zuwa, gwamnatin ta sanar da cewa Madaidaicin Care Solutions ya canza asibitin jihar Bridgewater zuwa ingantacciyar kulawar marasa lafiya

Bayan ya nuna aniyar yin sulhu a kan kimanta inshorar lafiyar ma'aikacin da ya gabatar a watan Maris da ya gabata,  ya sanya hannu kan doka $200 miliyan a cikin sabbin kudade da tara akan masu daukar ma'aikata Massachusetts don magance karuwar kashe kudi a MassHealth a watan Agusta 2017. cikin watan Satumbar 2017, cibiyar yadalabarai da nazari ta gwamnatin jihar ta fitar da bayanai da ke nuna cewa jihar ta dakile karuwar kudaden da take kashewa a fannin kiwon lafiya a karon farko cikin shekaru uku A cikin Maris 2018, Baker ya sanya hannu a cikin doka mafi girma kariya na sirrin haƙuri daga kamfanonin inshora na kiwon lafiya,  da  kuma wata mai zuwa, wani Baker Baker ya kafa shekarar da ta gabata don bincika hanyoyin da suka dogara da shaida game da lafiyar hali ya fitar da rahotonsa na ƙarshe.

## CUTAR COVID 19
Ƙarin bayani: COVID-19 annoba a Massachusetts
Duba kuma: COVID-19 annoba a cikin Amurka
Yadda Baker ke tafiyar da cutar ta COVID-19 ya sami juzu'i daban-daban. Massachusetts yana daya daga cikin mafi girman kamuwa da cuta da adadin mutuwa. .   

 A cikin ,  wanda ya fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2018. A cikin Janairu 2017, Baker ya nuna goyon baya ga Tattakin Mata da ake gudanarwa a duk faɗin Amurka.

A cikin Yuli 2017, Baker ya sanya hannu a kan doka da ke buƙatar masu daukan ma'aikata su samar da "ma'auni mai ma'ana" ga ma'aikatan mata masu ciki da kuma hana nuna bambancin aiki a cikin hayar ko dakatar da ma'aikatan mata masu ciki,  wanda ya fara aiki a cikin Afrilu 2018. A cikin Oktoba 2017, lokacin da watan ya sajya hannu kan doka da ke buƙatar masu inshora na Massachusetts su rufe maganin hana haihuwa ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba. cikin 

 A wannan watan, bayan nadin Brett Kavanaugh zuwa Kotun Koli, Baker ya bukaci Majalisar Dattawan Amurka da ta yi la'akari da matsayin Kavanaugh game da zubar da ciki a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin tantancewa, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin gwamnonin Republican uku da suka ƙi sanya hannu kan wata buɗaɗɗiyar wasiƙar da ke goyon bayan nadin Kavanaugh da wasu gwamnoni 31 suka sanya wa hannu.  

A cikin   shugaba  Jam’iyyar Massachusetts Jim Lyons ya yaba wa Baker a cikin wata sanarwa, yana mai cewa “Gwamna Baker ya fahimci cewa wannan dokar kawai ta wuce gona da iri, kuma a yaba masa don ya tashi ya ce a’a ga zauren zubar da ciki”.  

## Shige da fice da launin fata
Ƙarin bayani: Shige da fice zuwa Amurka, Manufofin Shige da Fice na Amurka, Mafaka a Amurka, Shige da Fice zuwa Amurka, da manufofin Visa na Amurka to   
Ko da yake Baker ya sanar a watan Yuli 2015 zai yi watsi da duk wani lissafin da ya ba baƙi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba a cikin jihar karatu da tallafin jihohi ga kwalejoji da jami'o'in jama'a, ya ci gaba da goyon bayan dokar Massachusetts wacce ke ba da tallafin karatu a cikin jihar da taimakon jaha ga masu karɓa na Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA). A cikin al- ] A cikin m. 
s. bayan Donald Trump ya zama shugaban kasa a cikin Janairu 2017, Baker ya yi adawa da ainihin gwamnatin Trump da kuma sake fasalin dokar hana tafiye-tafiye,   yana jayayya cewa "

A cikin   A cikin watan Mayu 2017, Baker ya bayyana adawarsa ga dokar da aka ba da shawarar da za ta sa Massachusetts ta zama jiha mai tsarki, yana mai nuni da imaninsa cewa yanke shawara matsayi mai tsarki shine "mafi kyau a yi a matakin gida."    

A watan Agustan 2017, bayan Kotun Koli ta Massachusetts ta yanke hukuncin cewa sassan 'yan sanda na gida ba za su iya tsare kowane mutum ba bisa ga buƙatun hukumomin shige da fice na tarayya a watan da ya gabata, Anderson, Derek J. (July 25, 2020). 

A cikin Young, Shannon (September 5, 2017). " kuma ya ce hare-haren da Hukumar Kula da Shige da Fice ta Amurka (ICE) ta kai hari ga garuruwa masu tsarki ya kamata a mayar da hankali kan kama masu laifi a cikin kasar ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma ba kan baƙi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba wanda laifinsu kawai shi ne shiga ba bisa ka'ida ba.  [2   

 da Mayu mai zuwa, ya . 

## amincewa
dokar ta sami amincewar wasu sheriffs na gundumar Massachusetts, da kuma kwamishinan 'yan sanda na birnin Boston William B. Evans.,  cikin wannan watan, Baker ya ba da sanarwar yaƙin neman zaɓea duk faɗin jihar don yaƙi da ra'ayoyi game da shaye-shayen miyagun ƙwayoyi,  wani babban shiri na ƙwarewa a cikin rigakafi da sarrafa amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi ba daidai ba a makarantun likitancin jihar,  kuma ya sanya hannu kan dokar da ke yin fataucin fentanyl laifi.  
  a cikin Fabrairu 2016, Baker ya ba da sanarwar $ 2.5 miliyan a cikin tallafin tarayya don rage yawan laifukan opioid da tabar heroin ga hukumomin shari'ar laifuka na Massachusetts,  da kuma babban tsarin cancanta kan yin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi ba daidai ba a makarantun haƙori na jihar,  ada Baker ya yi magana a cikin tallafin dalar Amurka biliyan 1.1 na gwamnatin Obama don ba da shawara ga tallafin magani.

A cikin Maris 2016, Baker ya yi magana a cikin goyon bayan sabon Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka opioid jagororin prescription,  sanya hannu a cikin doka a kan wani lissafin soke atomatik direban lasisi dakatar ga mutanen da aka samu da laifin miyagun ƙwayoyi,  da kuma sanya hannu a cikin doka wani sulhu version na m opioid dokar da ya gabatar da baya Oktoba. A cikin watan Mayu 2016, Baker da Massachusetts Attorney General Maura Healey sun kaddamar da yakin neman zabe a duk fadin jihar don inganta wayar da kan jama'a game da kariya ga mutanen da ke kira a yawan shan kwayoyi a karkashin dokokin Samariya masu kyau    

Maris 2017, Baker an nada shi a cikin Hukumar Opioid da Drug Abuse Commission na Gwamnatin Trump karkashin jagorancin Gwamnan New Jersey Chris Christie,  kuma a cikin Yuni 2017, Baker ya halarci taron farko na hukumar. A cikin Afrilu 2017, Baker ya ba da sanarwar ƙarin tallafin tallafi ga hukumomin shari'a masu laifi kan shirye-shiryen rage cin zarafi na opioid da tabar heroin a biranen ƙofar Massachusetts da Massachusetts sun karɓi dala miliyan 12 a cikin tallafin tarayya don manufofin cutar ta opioid. 294] A cikin , 
da wata mai zuwa, gwamnatin Baker ta ba da sanarwar wani shiri na jiyya da karkatar da matukin jirgi tare da Sashen 'yan sanda na Worcester don rashin amfani da ƙananan matakan

A cikin Oktoba 2017,  ya yi tafiya zuwa National Academy of Medicine a Washington, D.C., don yin magana a wani taron tattaunawa game da cutar ta opioid,  kuma Baker ya yi magana don goyan bayan sanarwar gwamnatin Trump game da cutar ta opioid a matsayin gaggawa na lafiyar jama'a na kasa kuma ya yi kira ga gwamnati da ta cika ba da gudummawa ga shawarwarin Opioid.2 da Dr. A cikin Nuwamba 2017, hukumar ta fitar da rahotonta na ƙarshe,  ma aikatar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Massachusetts ta fitar da bayanan da ke nuna yawan mutuwar opioid a Massachusetts ya ƙi da kashi 10 cikin 100 na farkon watanni tara na 2017,  kuma Baker ya ba da shawarar sake fasalin gyare-gyaren da ya sanya hannu kan doka a cikin Maris 2016.

A cikin Janairu 2018, Baker ya sanar da cewa CVS yana ƙara akwatunan zubar da ƙwayoyi zuwa kantin magani 42 a duk faɗin jihar, 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Baker ya auri Lauren Cardy Schadt, wata Kellogg alumnus, a cikin 1987. Schadt ya kasance yana aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar zartarwa a asusun a wata hukumar talla ta New York. Ita ce 'yar James P. Schadt, tsohon Shugaba na Reader's Digest da Cadbury Schweppes Americas Beverages. ta yi aiki a talla, ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Hukumar da Darakta na Ci gaban ci gaba a Kwalejin Kotu ta Marian, wacce aka rufe a 2015. Suna zaune a Swampscott, Massachusetts. Suna da 'ya'ya uku, Charlie, Andrew "A.J." da Caroline. Ɗansu A.J ya daidaita cajin tuƙi a Lynnfield, Massachusetts a watan Mayu 2023.

  A wannan shekarar, Baker, mai sha'awar Star Wars na rayuwa, ya yarda cewa ba shi da sha'awar sharuɗɗan abubuwan da suka faru ko kuma abubuwan da suka biyo baya ga ainihin trilogy  ProQuest wata hira da ya yi da Jake Tapper na CNN a shekara ta 2022, ya yaba wa David Bowie da yin hasashen mummunan rawar da kafofin sada zumunta na Intanet za su yi kan siyasa
A ranar 22 ga Yuni, 2018, an zargi ɗan Baker Andrew "AJ" Baker da yin lalata da wata mata a cikin jirgin JetBlue. mako mai zuwa, Baker ya amsa tambayoyi game da lamarin kuma ya ce dansa zai ba da cikakken hadin kai ga ofishin lauyan Amurka na Massachusetts na nazari mai zaman kansa kan lamarin.

## Manazarta