Bautar Amurka, 'Yanci na Amurka

**Bautar Amurka, 'Yanci na Amurka** The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia wani rubutu ne na tarihi na 1975  wanda masanin tarihin Amurka Edmund Morgan ya rubuta.  An fara buga aikin ne a watan Satumbar 1975 ta hanyar W Norton & Co Inc kuma an dauke shi daya daga cikin ayyukan Morgan.

## Bayani game da shi
*Bautar [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], 'Yanci na Amurka* ita ce amsar Morgan ga rikice-rikice wanda shi da kansa ya tsara a farkon littafin: na Virginia kasancewa duka wurin haihuwar jam'iyyar dimokuradiyya ta Amurka kuma, a lokaci guda, mafi girman mulkin mallaka kuma, daga baya, jihar. Daga cikin sauran tushe masu yawa, Morgan ya yi amfani da tarihin Virginia's House of Burgesses, kusan 1620 da kuma bayan haka don bincika wannan rikice-rikice kuma ya sami bayani game da shi.

Yawancin littafin shine bayanin matsalar talauci a Ingila a cikin karni na 17, daya daga cikin mafita wanda shine aika da matalautan Ingila (da yawa daga cikinsu masu tayar da hankali)  zuwa yankunan Amurka a matsayin bayin da aka kwantar.

Morgan sa'an nan kuma ya mayar da hankali kan rikici a karni na 17 na Virginia tsakanin masu mulkin mallaka da kuma yawan mutanen da ke da 'yanci, matalauta, fararen ma'aikata, da baƙi (na ƙarshe, asalin ƙananan kashi na yawan jama'a); ya nuna yadda irin wannan tashin hankali kamar Bacon's Rebellion ya bar oligarchs damuwa game da riƙe iko. Morgan ya kuma ba da shawarar cewa shugaban 'yan tawaye Nathaniel Bacon, a cikin ƙarfafa ƙiyayya ta mabiyansa ga Indiyawa - duk abin da kabilansu da zaman lafiya - ya ba Virginia misali na farko na "racism a matsayin dabarun siyasa".

Morgan ya bayyana tattalin arzikin Cinikin bayi na Atlantic a cikin karni na 17 kuma ya bayyana yadda, a tsawon lokaci, 'yan Afirka masu bautar sun zama tushen aiki mai rahusa ga masu shuka na Virginia fiye da ma'aikatan da aka yi wa kwangila daga Ingila, wanda ya sa yawan matalauta fararen fata su daina girma yayin da yawan ma'aikatan bautar baƙi suka karu sosai.

A ƙarshe, Morgan ya tabbatar da cewa, a ƙarshen 1600s da farkon 1700s,  oligarchs sun kafa dokoki masu tsauri na bayi don (ya yi zargin) manufar da gangan ta fitar da rikici tsakanin baƙi da matalauta - don haka ƙirƙirar, don haka magana, wariyar launin fata na Amurka. 

## Karɓar baƙi
Warren M. Billings ya soki Bautar Amurka, 'Yancin Amurka kamar yadda yake da sauƙin gaske yayin da yake bayyana cewa "littafi ne mai motsawa".

Jaridar Baltimore Sun ta yi sharhi cewa taken "yaudara" ne kuma ya fi mayar da hankali ne game da "ƙalubalen rayuwa a Virginia na ƙarni na sha bakwai" fiye da bautar.

A cewar Kathleen Brown, sabon bincike ya bayyana tare da wucewar shekaru da yawa, wanda yawancin ya rikitar ko ya kalubalanci bayanin Morgan game da gamuwa tsakanin 'yan asalin Amurka da masu mulkin mallaka, haɓakar bautar, kasancewar fararen bayin a rabi na biyu na karni na sha bakwai, da kuma tasirin Bacon's Rebellion. Duk da haka, ta lura, ana ci gaba da sanya littafin a cikin darussan tarihi saboda "magana mai mahimmanci na Morgan, ikonsa na haɗa mahimman ra'ayoyi a tarihin Amurka, da ƙoƙarinsa na kawo hankalin zamanin bayan Vietnam zuwa ɗaya daga cikin bala'o'i na tsakiya da ba'a na tarihin Amurka". 

## Manazarta