Muhammadu Mai Maina

**Muhammadu Maina** OON (1874-1964) shine sarkin Askira na farko. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai fassara ga mulkin mallaka na Arewacin Najeriya daga shekarar 1895 zuwa 1913, lokacin da aka naɗa shi Hakimin Margi a Bornu . A shekara ta 1917, ya yi murabus daga wannan matsayi kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ciniki a Potiskum . Bayan haka, ya kafa garin Askira kuma aka naɗa shi a shekara ta 1921, muƙamin da ya kwashe sama da shekaru arba'in. A shekarar 1958, ya buga *Labarin Maimaina Na Jega, Sarkin Askira*, abin tunawa game da farkon aikinsa na fassara. A shekarar 1961 ya zama dan majalisar sarakunan yankin Arewa .  

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Mai Maina a garin Jega a shekarar 1874. Mahaifinsa Yerima Abdu jikan sarkin Gimbana ne Abdussalam, kuma zuriyar Abdullahi dan Fodio ne wanda ya kafa Masarautar Gwandu . Mahaifiyarsa Salamatu diyar sarkin Lokoja Abbega ce, wani mutumi mai suna Marghi wanda ya shahara da matafiyi wanda ya raka Dr. Heinrich Barth a bincikensa na yammacin Afirka . Mahaifin Maina ya rasu jim kadan bayan haihuwar sa. Mahaifiyarsa ta mayar da shi Lokoja, inda kakansa Abbega ya rene shi.  : 17 

## Sana'a tare da Gwamnatin Mulkin Mallaka
A shekarar 1894, wani jami'in soja na Royal Niger Company ya ɗauke Mai Maina a matsayin bawa. Yana ɗaya daga cikin ma’aikatan da kamfanin ke yi wa aiki a lokacin. Domin a iliminsa na Turanci, Nupe, da Hausa, an ɗauke shi aiki a matsayin fassarar kamfanin. Aikin farko da ya fara yi a wannan aiki shi ne lokacin yakin da kamfanin ya yi a kan Bida a watan Janairun shekarar 1897, wanda shi ne yakin farko na yaƙin da kamfanin Royal Niger Company ya yi da sarakunan Daular Sakkwato .  : 139  : 2–3 

A bisa shawarar Abbega, an zaɓi Mai Maina don aikin leken asiri zuwa Kano . Aikin da ya yi shi ne ya tantance ko Sarkin Kano yana da “dakaru masu tarbiyya mai kyau” da kuma “gano ko kamar yadda aka ce ya aika wasu daga cikin bayinsa Lokoja su shiga aikin soja a can wadanda bayan horar da su suka dawo Kano, kuma a yanzu suna koyar da mutanen Sarki dabarun yakin Turawa. Ya iso Kano a shekarar 1901 a boye a matsayin dan kasuwa mai tafiya. Ya zauna da wani abokinsa da ya daɗe yana zama a birnin. Wannan abokin ya gabatar da shi ga Wambai na Kano, Mahmuda, wanda ɗan'uwan sarki ne, Aliyu Babba . Bayan ya yi cinikin kayansa da Wambai, Mai Maina ya yi abota da shi. Bayan kammala aikin nasa, sai ya karkare da cewa, Sarkin “Tabbas yana da bindigu da yawa amma ba shi da runduna mai tarbiyya”.  : 139-143 

A hanyarsa ta komawa Lokoja, Mai Maina ya sami wasika daga Abbega yana ba shi umarnin tafiya Bornu don ganawa da Manjo Augustus McClintock, wani jami'in siyasa na farko a Bornu. Gwamnan Arewacin Najeriya Frederick Lugard ya umurci McClintock da ya tuntubi Fadl-Allah dan sarkin yakin Sudan Rabeh az-Zubayr wanda shine sarkin Bornu . Bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa, Fadl-Allah yana neman haɗa kai da Turawan Ingila don kwato Bornu. Bayan ganawar, Mai Maina ya dawo Kano, inda aka sanar da shi cewa ya koma Bornu ya gana da Kanar Thomas Morland a Dikwa .  : 144-146 

A cikin shekarar 1902, Mai Maina ya ci gaba da aikinsa na fassara a Bornu. Ya raka hafsoshin mulkin mallaka zuwa Mafoni domin ganawa da Shehun Bornu, Abubakar Garbai, domin amincewa da shi a matsayin Sarkin Bornu na Birtaniya. Bayan haka, Mai Maina ya taimaka wajen mayar da garin Mafoni zuwa wani wuri kadan daga kudancin tsohon, inda aka gina sabon matsuguni. Har ila yau, sun gina katafaren gida da manyan gidaje guda biyu, wanda daga baya ya zama yanki na farko na Gwamnati (GRA) a Maiduguri . Ba da daɗewa ba, jami'an siyasar mulkin mallaka na farko a lardin Bornu, wato WP Hewby, Captain GCR Mundy, da Mista Burdett, sun isa Mafoni.  : 146-147 

A halin yanzu, Shehu Garbai ya koma Monguno, wanda ya kasance babban birninsa na wucin gadi. Shehu ya gaji katafaren rumbun ajiye makamai na Rabeh, wanda a shekarar 1895 ya kasance mafi girma a yammacin Afirka.  : 183 Hewby ya umarci Shehu da ya mika makaman, wanda tun farko Shehu ya amince. Sai dai wasu daga cikin manyan jami’ansa sun shawo kansa ya yi watsi da wannan umarni. A cewar Maina, da jin haka, nan take ya je wurin ‘makusantan Shehu, ya gargade su da su yi wa Turawan tawaye tawaye, yana mai cewa ko Rabeh ya kasa cin galaba a kansu. Daga nan ya kai rahoto ga Hewby. Daga karshe Shehu ya mika bindigogi ga Hewby.  : 147-148 

Mai Maina ya raka jami'an mulkin mallaka a Bornu domin kafa ikon turawan mulkin mallaka a sabuwar lardin da aka kafa. Wannan ya ƙunshi rangadin lardi da kuma 'lalata' mazauna, ciki har da Masarautar Fika  : 156-158 da manyan mutanen Chibuk.  : 151-153 Ya kuma shaida yakin Burmi inda Turawa suka kashe Muhammadu Attahiru, Sarkin Musulmi na karshe mai cin gashin kansa a shekarar 1903.  : 153-155 

## Sarkin Margi
Mai Maina ya ci gaba da zama a Bornu, ya ci gaba da aikinsa da gwamnatin mulkin mallaka. A lokacin da yake can, mazauna Kanuri sun ba shi laƙabi mai suna *Mai Maina*, ma'anar "sarki-sarki," da *Maina Turjiman*, ma'ana 'sarkin masu fassara.' A cikin 1913, mazaunin Bornu, Hewby, wanda Mai Maina ya yi aiki tare da shi, ya yi ritaya ya koma Birtaniya. Ba da jimawa ba, Mai Maina shima ya bar aikin gwamnati aka nada shi Hakimin Margi. Wannan gundumar ba ta da tsaro sosai saboda maharan Chibuk. Wani babban jami’in gudanarwa da ya zagaya yankin a shekarar 1916 ya bayyana Mai Maina a matsayin “ɗaya daga cikin ’yan kasar da suka fi dacewa da na yi kasuwanci da su .": 18 

A shekara ta 1917, an mayar da gundumar Margi zuwa wani ƙauye mafi yawa na Chibuk bayan da gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta yanke shawarar cewa Shehun Bornu yana da halaccin da'awar gargajiya a kan wasu muhimman kauyukan Margi da ke gundumar. Yaki amincewa da wannan karin girma, Mai Maina ya yi murabus daga muƙaminsa na shugaban ƙasa, ya koma Potiskum a Fika ya zama dan kasuwa.  : 18 

## Sarkin Askira
A shekarar 1921, bayan an daidaita iyakar da ke tsakanin lardunan Bornu da Yola, sai aka ƙirƙiro wata sabuwar gundumar, aka naɗa Maina a matsayin shugabanta. Don gina hedkwatar, ya zaɓi wani wuri a cikin daji kimanin mil talatin da biyar arewa maso gabas da Garkida. Bayan kammala shi, ya sanya wa garin suna *Askira*, wanda ya samo asali ne daga tushen Larabci 'shukr,' ma'ana' godiya. An nada shi Sarkin Askira ('shugaban Askira ') a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu 1922.  : 19  

A shekarar 1961 Mai Maina ya zama dan majalisar sarakunan yankin Arewa . Ya rasu a shekara ta 1964, jim kadan bayan cika shekaru casa’in da haihuwa.  : 21 Sai jikansa Muhammadu Askira II ya gaje shi. 

## Rubuce-rubuce
A shekarar 1958, Mai Maina ya buga littafin *Labarin Maimaina Na Jega, Sarkin Askira*, juzu'in farko na tarihin rayuwar sa na farko na fassara.  : 20 

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa
A cikin shekara ta 1958, Mai Maina ya sami lambar yabo ta Sarauniya ga sarakuna .  : 19  A cikin 1964, Gwamnatin Najeriya ta nada shi Jami'in Hukumar Neja (OON). 

## Manazarta