Karuwanci a Burkina Faso

Shari'a ba ta haramta **yin karuwanci a Burkina Faso** musamman ba,  amma roƙe-roƙe da cin zarafi haramun ne.  Al'ummar Burkina Faso kawai sun yarda da jima'i a cikin aure.  A cikin 2009, Muryar Amurka ta ba da rahoton cewa yawan karuwai a Burkina Faso ya karu sakamakon talaucin da kasar ke fama da shi.  Yawan karuwanci ya haifar da fargabar karuwar yawan 'yan Burkina Faso da ke dauke da cutar kanjamau . UNAIDS ta kiyasta cewa akwai karuwai 31,000 a kasar. 

An kira Burkina Faso a matsayin "gidan wasan kwaikwayo na aikin yara"  kamar yadda ake fataucin yara da yawa zuwa cikin ƙasa don yin karuwanci ta tilastawa da kuma aikin gida. A shekara ta 1990 gwamnatin Burkina Faso ta amince da yarjejeniyar kare hakkin yara ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kuma akwai dokoki da suka hana cin zarafin yara ta hanyar kasuwanci . Gwamnati ta dauki matakan tabbatar da tsaron yara kan cin zarafi da cin zarafi, amma har yanzu abin ya zama ruwan dare.  Yara daga iyalai matalauta sun dogara ga karuwanci don biyan bukatunsu na yau da kullum, kuma, a wasu lokuta, don taimaka wa iyayensu mabukata. Yara da aka yi safarar su, musamman ’yan Najeriya, su ma sun fuskanci cin zarafi da karuwanci. 

A cikin babban birnin, Ouagadougou, babban yankin karuwanci yana cikin gundumar Dapoya . 

Kodayake luwaɗi ba bisa ka'ida ba ne a kasar, karuwanci na maza yana faruwa, musamman a yankunan yawon bude ido.

## Hanyoyin karuwanci

### Masu zama a zaune
Sédentaires (  'mai zama') ma'aikatan jima'i suna zaune a waje da gidajensu a kan kujerun da ke ƙoƙarin jawo hankalin abokan ciniki. Suna yawan zama tsofaffin mata kuma suna da ƙarancin ƙima fiye da sauran ma'aikatan jima'i.

### Masu tsere
Trotteuses (French for 'trotters') are street prostitutes. They walk the streets in areas known for prostitution. Many of them are foreign, particularly from Ghana and Togo.

### Kwararrun mata masu alatu
Professionnelles de luxe (  'masu sana'a masu kayatarwa') 'yan mata ne masu kira waɗanda ke ba da ayyukansu, ta hanyar alƙawari, a cikin otal-otal, motels da wuraren zama na abokan ciniki. Abokan cinikin su yawanci 'yan kasuwa ne, matafiya ko masu yawon bude ido.

### Masu ba da abinci a mashaya
Masu ba da abinci da ke aiki a mashaya, kulob din dare da otal-otal wani lokacin suna ba da sabis na jima'i a matsayin layi. Suna iya amfani da ɗakunan baƙi, ko gidan abokin ciniki ko mai ba da abinci.

### Masu wucewa
Wadannan ma'aikatan jima'i suna aiki ga "Granny" ko "Tantie" wanda ke aiki a matsayin mai karuwanci. Suna tafiya daga gari zuwa gari kuma suna aiki a wurare kamar wuraren gini  da ma'adinan zinariya.  Suna yawan zama matasan mata tsakanin shekaru 16 zuwa 25.
### Mbaraan
Yawancin matasa mata, musamman ɗaliban makarantar sakandare, suna shiga aikin karuwanci na ɗan lokaci don samun kuɗin sayen kayan alatu kamar tufafin Turai masu kyau.

### Yankunan karkara
Wasu mata a ƙananan yankunan karkara suna tsaya a gefen manyan hanyoyi suna ƙoƙarin jawo hankalin kwastomomi. Wannan na iya faruwa a rana ko kuma da dare.

## Cutar HIV
Kamar sauran ƙasashen Afirka ta ƙasa da hamada, yawan masu kamuwa da cutar HIV/AIDS yana da yawa, ko da yake yana raguwa. Ƙasar tana daga cikin masu mafi yawan yaduwar cutar a Yammacin Afirka. A shekarar 1999, kashi 6.4% na manya ne ke da cutar, amma ya ragu zuwa kashi 0.8% a 2016.

Mata masu zaman kansu da ke aikin karuwanci suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar sosai. Adadin masu ɗauke da cutar ya ragu daga kashi 53% a shekarar 1998, zuwa kashi 16.2% a 2016.

## Fataucin Jima'i
Burkina Faso ƙasa ce da ake amfani da ita a matsayin tushe, wucewa, da kuma inda ake kai matan da yara domin cin zarafin su ta hanyar fataucin jima'i. 'Yan mata daga Burkina Faso ana amfani da su a cikin irin wannan fatauci. Yara daga Burkina Faso ana kaisu Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, da Nijar domin fataucin jima'i. A wasu lokuta, masu fatauci na ɗaukar mata da zargin aikin halal a Lebanon, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, da wasu ƙasashen Turai, amma daga bisani su tilasta musu shiga karuwanci. Burkina Faso tana matsayin ƙasa da masu fatauci ke amfani da ita wajen wucewa da yara daga Mali zuwa Côte d'Ivoire da kuma mata da 'yan mata daga Côte d'Ivoire zuwa Saudi Arabia. Haka kuma, tana karɓar yara daga ƙasashen makwabta kamar Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Nijar, da Najeriya da aka yi fatauci da su. Mata daga wasu ƙasashen Yammacin Afirka na zuwa Burkina Faso ne da zargin samun aiki, amma daga baya su tsinci kansu a cikin karuwanci da tilas. 'Yan mata daga Najeriya na fuskantar fataucin jima'i a Burkina Faso. Masu fatauci daga Nepal sun taba kai mata 'yan Tibet fataucin jima'i zuwa Burkina Faso.

Dokar da aka kafa a 2008 kan hana fatauci tana hukunta dukkan nau'in fatauci tare da tanadar da hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru biyar zuwa goma, wanda ya dace da sauran manyan laifuka kamar fyade. Dokar No. 11-2014/AN tana haramta "karuwancin yara" da kuma sayar da yara—har da waɗanda ba a ɗauka a matsayin fatauci a yarjejeniyar UN TIP ta 2000.

Ma’aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta ofishin lura da fataucin mutane ta sanya Burkina Faso cikin matakin Tier 2 a cikin rahoton Trafficking in Persons Report.

## Manazarta