Gidauniyar Adalci ta Muhalli

**Gidauniyar Adalci ta Muhalli** (**EJF**) kungiya ce mai zaman kanta (NGO) wacce Steve Trent da Juliette Williams suka kafa a cikin 2001 wanda ke haɓaka ƙudurin rashin tashin hankali na take haƙƙin ɗan adam da abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli a Kudancin Duniya.  Ta bayyana kanta a matsayin "Ƙungiya mai zaman kanta ta Burtaniya da ke aiki a duniya kare muhalli da haƙƙin ɗan adam".

Babban ka'idar EJF, kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin Sanarwar Ofishin Jakadancinsa  ya tabbatar da cewa rashin adalci da mutanen da ke zaune a cikin al'ummomin matalauta da marasa 'yanci ke sha galibi suna da alaƙa da lalacewa, cin zarafi da sauran cin zarafin yanayin halitta na gida da waɗannan mutane suka dogara da su.

EJF tana yin alaƙa kai tsaye tsakanin buƙatun yammacin duniya don Abinci mai arha da sauran kayayyaki, musamman kifi, shrimp da auduga da kuma lalacewar yanayin halitta a ƙasashe masu tasowa.

A cikin neman warware muhalli da keta haƙƙin ɗan adam, EJF tana aiki don ba da muryar ƙasa da ƙasa ga al'ummomi masu rauni waɗanda ke aiki don kare yanayin gida wanda ke ɗaukar ainihin buƙatun ɗan adam na matsuguni, abinci da shiga.

Ayyukanta sun rufe manyan yankuna biyar na kamfen:  'Ba bisa ka'ida ba, ba a bayar da rahoto ba kuma ba a tsara shi ba (IUU);  amfani da magungunan kashe kwari;  samar da auduga;  noma;  da 'yan gudun hijira na yanayi. EJF ta kuma yi kamfen kan batun cinikayya a cikin dabbobi na daji tare da abokin tarayya WildAid . 

Yawancin ayyukan Gidauniyar Adalci ta Muhalli sun haɗa da horo  da kuma samar da al'ummomin adalci na muhalli da suka shafi a cikin ƙasashe masu samarwa don bincika, yin rikodin da fallasa cin zarafi sannan kuma ya yi kamfen yadda ya kamata don daidaitaccen warware batutuwan. 

An mayar da hankali kan ikon fim,  don yin rikodin shaidar rashin adalci na muhalli da kuma ƙirƙirar saƙonnin kamfen mai ƙarfi. 

Yana ganin rawar da yake takawa a matsayin mai haɓaka da ke aiki don cimma canji na dogon lokaci,  ta hanyar faɗakar da gwamnatoci, masu tsara manufofi na duniya, masu amfani da kamfanoni game da lalacewar tasirin ɗan adam da muhalli da buƙatun yamma ke da shi a kan yanayin halitta da al'ummomin gida, da farko a kudancin duniya. EJF tana da niyyar karfafa aiki daga manyan masu yanke shawara a harkokin kasuwanci da siyasa, tare da aikin mutum daga masu amfani da mutane masu damuwa.

## Tarihi
An kafa Gidauniyar Adalci ta Muhalli a London, Burtaniya a cikin 2000 kuma ta zama Mai ba da agaji a watan Agustan 2001 ta Steve Trent da Juliette Williams. Halitta ta EJF ta kasance martani ga wahalar ɗan adam da lalacewar muhalli wanda masu kafa ta suka shaida a cikin aikinsu a matsayin masu fafutukar muhalli.

Wannan gogewa ta haifar da masu kafa biyu su kammala cewa ainihin haƙƙin ɗan adam na mutane a cikin ƙasashe mafi talauci a duniya galibi sun dogara da damar mutanen zuwa yanayi mai kyau don abinci, mafaka da hanyar samun rayuwa.

EJF ta gudanar da kamfen dinta na farko a shekara ta 2001: kare haƙƙin kamun kifi na al'umma a Cambodia. A sakamakon shirye-shiryen horo da rubuce-rubuce, an kafa cibiyar sadarwa ta kasa - Kungiyar Kayan Kayan Kudancin Kifi. The Fisheries Action Coalition Team hadin gwiwar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ne wadanda suka hada da kungiyoyi masu ba da agaji 12, na cikin gida da na duniya,  wanda aka samo daga kungiyar kungiyoyi masu kula da agaji. An samar da rahoton kamfen din da ake kira Feast or Famine  kuma an gabatar da shi ga masu tsara manufofi a taron da Jakadan Burtaniya ya shirya a Cambodia, wanda ya tabbatar da zama mai haɓaka batun a cikin ƙasar da kuma tabbatar da goyon bayan duniya.

EJF ta fadada aikinta don haɗawa da endosulfan (2002), fataucin namun daji (2003), kiwon kifi da kiwon kifin kifi (2003), ba bisa ka'ida ba, kifi ba tare da rahoto ba (2004), samar da auduga (2004) da 'yan gudun hijirar yanayi (2009).

## Yankunan aiki da tsarin EJF
Dangane da Rahoton Tasirin 2008/09, Gidauniyar Adalci ta Muhalli tana bin burinta ta hanyar: bincike, kamfen, taimakawa ayyukan al'ummomi a cikin ƙasashe masu samarwa da kuma haɓaka masu amfani, kasuwanci da ayyukan gwamnati a duniya.

Tana aika da 'yan jaridarta don bincika, rubuta da tattara rahotanni game da cin zarafin muhalli da haƙƙin ɗan adam a Kudancin Duniya. Har ila yau, yana aiki a ƙasa don taimakawa horar da kungiyoyin cikin gida a cikin ingantaccen bincike da dabarun bayar da rahoto don tallata cin zarafi a yankinsu sannan ya ba da shawara kan waɗannan batutuwan a cikin ƙasa da duniya.

Ayyukan EJF sau da yawa yana ɗaukar shi cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da sauran kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, gwamnatocin ƙasa da ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa, kasuwanci da kamfanoni.  Yana aiki tare da fitattun jakadun don tallata kamfen ɗin sa wanda ya haɗa da Patrons - ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Rachel Whiteread, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Emilia Fox, marubuci Iain Banks, mai bincike Benedict Allen da abin ƙira, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo kuma mai fafutuka Lily Cole.  Wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel Harold Pinter, CH, CBE ya kasance Mataimaki na EJF daga 2003 zuwa 2008.

## Kamfen ɗin
EJF tana kamfen kai tsaye a masu tsara manufofi ciki har da Hukumar Tarayyar Turai, Majalisar Dokoki da kungiyoyin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. A watan Janairun 2011 EJF ta gabatar da takarda na sa hannu 10,000 ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a 2011 tana kira ga rikodin duniya kan jiragen kamun kifi.

## Ƙarshen Hanyar Endosulfan
Ɗaya daga cikin shirye-shiryen farko na EJF shine kamfen ɗin ta na ƙasa kuma a ƙarshe haramtacciyar duniya kan ƙerawa da amfani da maganin ƙwayoyin cuta endosulfan. Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka ta tsara shi a matsayin abu mai haɗari sosai, an kwatanta endosulfan da DDT a cikin yiwuwar cutar muhalli.

EJF ta nuna cewa magungunan kashe kwari irin su endosulfan, waɗanda aka haramta ko kuma aka ƙuntata a cikin EU, Amurka da sauran ƙasashe masu tasowa, ana amfani da su sosai a ƙasashe masu ci gaba, inda za a iya ƙara ƙarfin haɗarin su ta hanyar ƙarancin tsaro, rashin isasshen lakabi, jahilci da rashin samun damar yin amfani da kayan tsaro.

Endosulfan yana cikin sauƙi ta hanyar ciki, huhu da fata  inda zai iya haifar da rushewar hormone da kuma kasancewa neurotoxin, haemotoxin da nephrotoxin.

A lokacin bincikensa, EJF ta rubuta a cikin jerin rahotanni  na alamun kiwon lafiya masu tsanani da ke da alaƙa da endosulfan tsakanin manoma da jama'ar yankin. Wadannan alamun sun hada da ciwon kai, ƙishirwa, matsalolin numfashi, matsalolin koda, asarar sani, da fashewa; an rubuta mutuwar mutane da yawa, musamman a Yammacin Afirka . 

A cikin rahotonta EJF ta nuna damuwa cewa, kamar DDT, endosulfan yana ci gaba a cikin muhalli, inda yake da lahani ga dabbobi masu shayarwa, kifi, ƙudan zuma, tsuntsaye da sauran namun daji. Amfani da endosulfan ya haifar da gurɓata da watsar da ƙasar noma  kuma an nuna shi don tarawa da tafiya mai nisa ta iska da ruwa. A cikin 2009 Kwamitin Kimiyya na Yarjejeniyar Stockholm ya amince da endosulfan a matsayin mai gurɓataccen kwayoyin halitta.

EJF ta fara yin rubuce-rubuce game da amfani da endosulfan a Cambodia a 2002  kuma ta buga wani rahoto mai suna Death in Small Doses a 2003.

Mutuwa a cikin ƙananan allurai, rahoto kan matsalolin da sauran hanyoyin amfani da magungunan kashe qwari a Cambodia, an gabatar da shi ga ma'aikatu a Cambodia, hukumomin ba da agaji na duniya, kafofin watsa labarai, kasuwanci da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wani bangare na dabarun bayar da shawarwari don wayar da kan jama'a da siyasa

Yin aiki tare da CEDAC (Centre d'Etude et de Développement Agricole Cambodgien), wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta Kambodiya,  EJF ta rubuta amfani da endosulfan da manoman Kambodiya suka yi kuma ta rubuta damuwa da yawa na tsaro, gami da rashin kayan kariya da fallasa yara, gidaje, dabbobi da amfanin abinci na iyali.

Rashin isasshen lakabi inda ake shigo da endosulfan zuwa Kambodiya daga Vietnam da Thailand an kuma nuna su a cikin takardar EJF ta 2004 "End of the Road for Endosulfan".

A matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin EJF a Cambodia a cikin 2002, ƙungiyar agajin ta yi aiki tare da manoman Cambodia don haɓaka aikin noma mai ɗorewa da ilmantar da su game da haɗarin magungunan kashe qwari.  An yi amfani da ɗan taƙaitaccen taƙaitaccen bayani mai taken Ƙarshen Hanya don Endosulfan[1] don shawo kan Ministan Muhalli na Kambodiya don hana endosulfan a cikin ƙasar. 

Daga baya aka ambaci wannan bayanin a cikin shawarar Tarayyar Turai ta 2008 don hada endosulfan a cikin Annexes na Yarjejeniyar Stockholm . 

A cikin shekara ta 2007, EJF ta samar da rahoto, Deadly Chemicals in Cotton  biyo bayan binciken da ya tattara shaidar amfani da magungunan kashe kwari masu haɗari a kan amfanin auduga a Mali da Indiya a cikin shekara ta 2006, wanda ya haɗa da yin rikodin tasirin kiwon lafiya na sinadarin.

Rahoton, Deadly Chemicals in Cotton, an samar da shi tare da Cibiyar Ayyukan Pesticide ta Burtaniya don wayar da kan jama'a game da farashin ɗan adam da na muhalli na amfani da magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta a Yammacin Afirka, Uzbekistan da Indiya.

Rahoton ya kuma yi nuni da yadda noman auduga ke dogaro da magungunan kashe kwari da kwari: an kiyasta yawan amfanin gonakin auduga sau takwas a kowace hekta fiye da kowace hekta na abinci.  EJF ta bayar da rahoton cewa ana amfani da dalar Amurka biliyan 2 (2007) kan noman auduga a kowace shekara, dalar Amurka miliyan 819 da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ware a matsayin masu hadari a cewar rahoton.  EJF ya kwatanta auduga a matsayin amfanin gona mafi ƙazanta a duniya.

A cikin 2009 EJF ta ƙaddamar da sabon rahoto tare da wannan sunan kamar takardar bayani ta 2004, 'End of the Road for Endosulfan'.  Wannan takaddun tasirin kiwon lafiya da muhalli da ke da alaƙa da bayyanar endosulfan kuma yana ba da shawarar wasu hanyoyin da ake samu don duk amfanin sa, amfanin gona na kwayoyin halitta da guje wa taki na sinadarai da magungunan kashe kwari.

A cikin 2009/10 EJF ta dauki manyan fitattun 'yan Indiya, ciki har da daraktocin fina-finai Deepa Mehta da M Night Shyamalan, da mawaƙa Ravi Shankar, don ba da goyon baya ga kamfen ɗin.

A cikin 2010, EJF ta shiga cikin tabbatar da sadaukarwa daga Bayer Cropscience don kawo karshen masana'antar endosulfan a ƙarshen wannan shekarar.

A cikin 2011, EJF ta sanar a shafin yanar gizon su cewa sun "yi farin ciki da sanar da cewa, bayan bita mai zurfi da muhawara, a ƙarshe mun kai ƙarshen hanyar maganin ƙwayoyin cuta na endosulfan"  biyo bayan labarai cewa a ranar Jumma'a 29 ga Afrilu, 2011, wakilan ƙasa a taron jam'iyyun na biyar (COP5) sun amince da lissafin endosul fan a ƙarƙashin Ƙaddamarwa A na Yarjejeniyar Stockholm kan Masu Tsayawa (POPs). 

## Dabbobi na daji
Manufar EJF na yaƙin neman zaɓe na namun daji shine horarwa da tallafawa masu bincike da masu ba da shawara ga namun daji a mahimman wuraren kiyayewa a duniya. Yana da matukar damuwa cewa fataucin shuke-shuke da dabbobi ba bisa ka'ida ba ga dabbobi, kofuna, abinci da magungunan gargajiya, wanda aka kiyasta kudinsu ya kai dalar Amurka biliyan 20 a shekara, yana da illa ga nau'o'in halittu da halittu kuma yana tura wasu nau'ikan zuwa ga halaka.]

Ya zuwa yanzu yaƙin neman zaɓe ya mayar da hankali kan yin aiki a Vietnam inda EJF ya ba da rahoton cewa ɗimbin nau'ikan namun daji na fuskantar barazana daga saurin sauye-sauyen da aka samu zuwa aikin noma da bunƙasa gini.  EJF ta yi imanin cewa, Vietnam, ko da yake ta rattaba hannu kan CITES, ba ta da ƙarfin aiki da tsarin doka don aiwatar da dokar namun daji na cikin gida.. [ ]

EJF ta fara hada kai da kungiyar NGO Education for Nature Vietnam (ENV) a shekara ta 2003  wacce aka kafa a shekara ta 2000 a matsayin kungiyar farko da ba ta gwamnati ba ta Vietnam da ta mai da hankali kan kiyaye yanayi da namun daji, don yaki da aikin kiwon bear ba bisa ka'ida ba.  EJF ta ba da rahoton cewa an kiyasta baƙar fata 4000 na Asiya da sun bear  ana kiyaye su ba bisa ka'ida ba a gonakin beyar Vietnam. Ana ɗaure bears masu girma kuma ana cire bile a kai a kai don ursodeoxycholic acid da yake ƙunshe wanda ake amfani da shi a cikin magungunan gargajiya da kayan gargajiya.

A shekara ta 2003, EJF ta ba da ENV tare da bidiyo, kafofin watsa labarai da horar da shawarwari, kyamarar dijital da kwamfuta don gyaran fim da ƙira. Ya kuma ba da shawara da tallafi kan ci gaban gidan yanar gizon.

A cikin 2004 EJF ya taimaka wa ENV don gudanar da bincike a ɓoye a cikin gonakin bear a ciki da wajen Hanoi tare da gudanar da binciken mabukaci a shirye-shiryen yaƙin neman zaɓen tasiri ga halayen mutane don ɗaukar noma.  Wannan ya haɗa da ɗaukar mawaƙin Vietnamese My Linh zuwa gaban sanarwar sabis na jama'a (PSA) da aka nuna a gidan talabijin na Vietnamese..  [ ]

A cikin 2006-07, EJF ta ci gaba da horar da ENV a cikin amfani da fim don samar da wani PSA, samar da mai daukar hoto da edita don ba da taimako. Kungiyar agaji ta yi amfani da kudade daga World Society for the Protection of Animals don samar da ENV tare da sabbin kayan aiki na kwamfuta da fim da kuma software na gyare-gyare. An kammala ƙarin horo na bidiyo da kafofin watsa labarai don ENV a cikin 2008-09. 

A matsayin wani bangare na daban na kamfen din namun daji, EJF ta himmatu ga tallafawa babbar kungiyar agaji ta namun daji WildAid a cikin aikinsu don tallafawa yankunan da aka kare, bincika cinikin namun daji ba bisa ka'ida ba da kuma rage bukatar masu amfani. EJF da WildAid UK suna da ofishin London kuma Steve Trent, Babban Darakta na EJF shine Shugaban WildAid.

## Kyaututtuka
Gidauniyar Adalci ta Muhalli ta sami lambar yabo ta SeaWeb Seafood Champion  don bayar da shawarwari a cikin 2015 don aikinta na yaki da kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba, ba a bayar da rahoto ba, da ba a tsara su ba (IUU) a cikin kamun kifi na Yammacin Afirka.