open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Gidan zane-zane na Yammacin Ostiraliya

**Gidan Tarihi na Yammacin Ostiraliya** ( **AGWA** ) wani gidan tarihi ne na fasaha na jama'a wanda ke cikin Cibiyar Al'adu ta Perth, a Perth. Yana kusa da Gidan Tarihi na Yammacin Ostiraliya da Laburaren Jiha na Yammacin Ostiraliya kuma Ma'aikatar Kananan Hukumomi, Wasanni da Masana'antu na Al'adu ta Gwamnatin Yammacin Ostiraliya tana tallafawa kuma tana kula da shi. Babban ginin gidan tarihi na yanzu ya buɗe a shekarar 1979. Yana da alaƙa da tsohon gidan kotu - Gidan Tarihi na Centenary.

## Tarihi
An gina Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha a ginin Jubilee tare da Gidan Tarihi na Jiha da Laburare.[1] An buɗe Gidan Tarihi na Jubilee, wanda aka yi niyya ya zama ɗakin karatu na jama'a kawai, don girmama bikin Zinare na Sarauniya Victoria a 1887, amma maimakon haka, an aza dutse na farko kawai don harsashin ginin.[1] An kafa harsashin ginin Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha a watan Yulin 1901 ta hannun Duke na Cornwall da York, jim kaɗan bayan haɗin gwiwar Ostiraliya.[1]

Mutane da dama sun taka rawa wajen haɓaka ginin Jubilee Building and Art Gallery, ciki har da John Winthrop Hackett, James Battye, Ludwig Glauert, George Pitt Morison  da George Temple-Poole. Sir James Dromgole Linton ya ba da shawarar siyayya don Tsarin Fasaha na Jiha.

Ginin Gudanarwa na Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha yana cikin tsohon Gidan 'Yan Sanda, wanda mai zane Hillson Beasley ya tsara, wanda kuma ya tsara Gidan Gwamnati . An gina shi ne a lokacin bunƙasar tattalin arziki da aka samar a lokacin neman zinare a Kalgoorlie a shekarun 1890. Ginin Gudanarwa ya koma cikin Gidan 'Yan Sanda a shekarun 1970 a lokacin bunƙasar haƙar nickel.

An gina Babban Gidan Tarihi a shekarar 1977, kuma karuwar hakar ma'adinai ta haifar da hakan. Yammacin Ostiraliya ma ta fi ba wa cibiyoyin al'adu muhimmanci, kuma gwamnati ta samu kwarin gwiwa daga bikin cika shekaru 150 da kafa kungiyar a shekarar 1979. An fara gina dakin karatu na Alexander a daidai wannan lokacin.

## Tarin abubuwa da nune-nunen

## Hotunan Hotuna
 

## Manazarta
Gidan Aboriginal na Mafarki

**Gidan Tarihi na Aboriginal na Dreamings** ( **AGOD** ) wani gidan tarihi ne na fasaha a Cheltenham, Melbourne, Ostiraliya, mallakar kuma mai tattara zane-zane Hank Ebes ne ke gudanarwa. Yana ɗaya daga cikin gidajen tarihi na farko a Melbourne da aka keɓe gaba ɗaya ga zane-zanen Aboriginal. Ya fara a matsayin ƙaramin gidan tarihi a titin Bourke, ya koma manyan wurare a kan titin a farkon 1990, har sai da ya wuce waɗannan wuraren ya koma manyan wurare a Cheltenham.

## Tarihi
An fara buɗe Gidan Tarihi na Mafarkai na Aboriginal (AGOD) a wani ƙaramin gidan tarihi a kan titin Bourke, Melbourne. An kafa shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin gidajen tarihi na farko na Aboriginal a Melbourne. Da farko an yi tarin zane-zanen ɗaruruwan mutane ne kawai daga al'ummomin Aboriginal Utopia da Alice Springs, mallakar mai tattara zane-zane na Aboriginal kuma wanda ya kafa gidan tarihi, Hank Ebes.[1] Girman tarin yana nufin cewa a farkon 1990 gidan tarihi ya mayar da wurin zuwa wani babban sarari a kan titi, daga lamba 37 zuwa lamba 73-77, inda ya kasance har zuwa 2008.[2]

An ba da izinin zane-zane sama da 12,500 daga masu fasaha sama da 500 daga AGOD kai tsaye daga masu fasaha, al'ummomi, da kuma wasu amintattun wakilai da ke zaune a Alice Springs da wurare masu nisa na hamada. Zuwa shekarar 2001, AGOD ta buƙaci ƙarin sarari, don haka ta sayi  ma'ajiyar kayan tarihi da ke da nisan mintuna 30 kudu maso gabashin tsakiyar birnin, a Cheltenham.

## Manazarta
Gidan kayan gargajiya na Perth

**Gidan Tarihi na Perth** gidan tarihi ne mai zaman kansa, wanda ba na riba ba wanda ke da hannu wajen tattara tarihin zamantakewa, al'adu, siyasa da gine-gine na Perth. A halin yanzu,  , wanda ke cikin tsohon ginin musayar waya a titin Murray, a Perth, Yammacin Ostiraliya.

A shekarar 2016, an gina gidan tarihin a cikin ginin Atlas, a kan Esplanade . A shekarar 2024, an mayar da shi ginin Bon Marché Arcade, a titin Barrack. 

## Farko
Ya fara rayuwa ne a watan Oktoban 2012 a matsayin gidan tarihi na kama-da-wane a shafin sada zumunta na Twitter, wanda Dallas Robertson, ɗalibi a fannin nazarin gidan tarihi a Jami'ar Edith Cowan ya ƙirƙira. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup> An faɗaɗa shi zuwa [[Fezbuk|Facebook]] a shekara mai zuwa. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

Following an online article about the Twitter page from the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (Perth) in 2013, City of Perth councillor Reece Harley approached Robertson about opening a brick and mortar version of the museum.

A shekarar 2014, gidan tarihi na zamani ya jawo hankalin jama'a lokacin da ya jagoranci wani gangami a kan birnin Perth don ceto wani masana'antar kayan ado daga rushewa, &#x5B; ** &#x5D; amma wanda daga ƙarshe ya gaza lokacin da wani ministan jiha na Yammacin Ostiraliya ya shiga tsakani don goyon bayan shawarar gwamnatin yankin. 

## Tsarin aiki
Zuwa watan Yulin 2015, an kafa ƙungiyar Tarihin Perth wadda ta ƙunshi membobi kamar Dallas Robertson, Reece Harley, Ryan Zaknich, Ryan Mossny, Richard Offen da Diana Warnock . Ƙungiyar ba ta neman riba ba daga baya ta kafa Gidan Tarihi na Perth tare da Reece Harley a matsayin babban darektan. [undefined] [undefined] A watan Oktoban 2015, Gidan Tarihi na Perth ya zama gaskiya, tare da manajan aikin Alysha Worth da aka ɗauka aiki don kula da ginin. Da farko gidan kayan tarihi yana aiki ne daga wani wuri na musamman tare da gidan shayi na Henry Saw da ke Grand Lane, Perth.[2] [1]

## Nunin
Tare da wani baje kolin tarihi na dindindin kan tarihin Perth, gidan kayan tarihi yana da ƙaramin gidan sinima kuma yana ɗaukar nauyin baje kolin tarihi na zamantakewa na Perth. 

Gidan Tarihi na Perth ya kuma yi haɗin gwiwa da Garin Gabashin Fremantle (wanda ake kira *Streets of East Freo* ), Jami'ar Notre Dame ta Ostiraliya (wanda ake kira *Streets of Freo* ), da Birnin Bunbury (wanda ake kira *Streets of Bunbury* )  don samar da gidajen yanar gizo game da kowanne daga cikin waɗannan wurare.

## Abubuwan da suka faru
Gidan tarihin ya kuma kasance cikin *shirye-shiryen Ranar Gado* ta Perth Perth ta shekara-shekara. 

## Littattafai

* *Siffanta Perth* 
* *Sojojin titin Barrack* 
* *Gumakan Perth da aka Rushe*  
* *Gidajen Perth: Gado na Krantz* 

## Manazarta
Pat Blair

**Patricia Ann Blair** ƙwararriyar mai rubuta rubutun hannu ce 'yar Amurka. Ta yi aiki a matsayin babbar mai rubuta rubutun hannu ta Fadar White House da kuma darakta a Ofishin Zane-zane da Rubutun hannu a Fadar White House.

An buga ayyukan Blair a cikin *Letter Arts Review,* *Scripsit,* *Martha Stewart Weddings ,* da *Tabellae Ansatae.* Ita memba ce a cikin malaman Kwalejin Fasaha ta Loudoun, kuma ta kasance a cikin malamai na tarurrukan Calligraphy na duniya da yawa. Blair ta kasance tsohon shugaban ƙungiyar Calligraphers ta Washington, kuma ta kasance darakta na biyu na *Letterforum,* a taron Calligraphy na duniya na 26.

A shekara ta 2005, an ba Pat Blair lambar yabo ta "Master Penman" daga ƙungiyar International Association of Master Penmen, Engrossers and Teachers of Handwriting saboda salon rubutun Spencerian ɗinta mai zagaye da aka yi amfani da shi a gayyatar Fadar White House.

A watan Maris na 2013, albashin Blair na shekara-shekara sama da dala 96,000, da kuma albashin mataimakansa biyu masu rubuta rubutu, ya zama abin muhawara lokacin da Fadar White House ta buga shi kuma aka bayar da rahoto a yanar gizo.

## Manazarta
Salma Arastu

**Salma Arastu**  (an haife ta a shekarar 1950) mawaƙiya ce wacce aikinta ya samo asali ne daga asalin al'adunta da gogewarta. An haife ta a Rajasthan, Indiya ga 'yar kabilar Sindhi, an rene ta a Hindu sannan daga baya ta musulunta ta koma Amurka a shekarar 1986.  Ta zauna kuma ta yi aiki a Bethlehem, Pennsylvania daga 1987 zuwa 2006, kafin ta koma Oakland, California .  Tana ƙirƙirar zane-zane, sassaka, waƙoƙi   da kuma rubutun hannu, sannan tana samar da katunan gaisuwa ga al'ummar Musulmin Amurka. 

Arastu ta nuna zane-zanenta a duk duniya.  Ayyukanta suna cikin tarin dindindin na Gidan Tarihi na Fasahar Addini na Zamani, St. Louis, Missouri,  Gidan Tarihi na Tunawa da 9/11, New York, NY,   kuma ta sami tallafi da yawa don aikinta.   Arastu ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Fasahar Zane-zane daga Jami'ar Maharaja Sayajirao ta Baroda .  

## Aiki
Zane-zanen Arastu sun samu tasiri daga zane-zane, sassaka, da rubuce-rubuce na al'adun Indiya da kuma ruhin Musulunci.   Ta bayyana cewa abubuwan da ta fuskanta a al'adu daban-daban na duniya sun kara mata kwarin gwiwa a salon zane-zanenta. A lokacin da take zaune da aiki a Iran da Kuwait, ta fuskanci fasahar Musulunci da kuma rubutun Larabci. 

Ayyukan Arastu sun haɗa da jigogi kamar bege, da kuma neman haɗin kai tsakanin ɗan adam, ƙasa, da rai.  Ta yi iƙirarin cewa aikinta yana ɗauke da "sanin muhalli", wanda aka misalta a cikin jerin shirye-shiryenta na "Mycelial Flow" da "Tiny Creatures: Our Invisible Sustainers." A cikin waɗannan jerin, ta bincika haɗin gwiwa tsakanin halittu, tana jawo hankali ga rawar da ƙwayoyin cuta ke takawa a matsayin masu lalata . 

Arastu ta sami tallafi daga Asusun Tallafawa Masu Fasaha na East Bay Community Foundation (2020, 2014, 2012), Oakland, CA da kuma tallafin masu fasaha na Birnin Berkeley, a cikin 2015 da 2016 Berkeley, CA.

An rubuta ayyukanta a cikin mujallar *Islamic Horizons*  *Tikkun*,  *India-West*  *Performance Art Journal*  da sauran wallafe-wallafe.

## Nunin Nunin
An nuna ayyukan Arastu a cikin nunin rukuni da na mutum ɗaya da dama, ciki har da:

* 2015: Gidan Tarihi na Fasahar Addini na Zamani . Jami'ar St. Louis, St. Louis, MO    
* Satumba 2006: Artjaz Gallery a Philadelphia, PA  
* Satumba 2005: Hope Horn Gallery Jami'ar Scranton, Scranton PA  
* Fabrairu 2005: Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Jami'ar Radford, Jami'ar Radford, Radford, VA
* Cibiyar Al'adun Baƙar fata ta 2003, Kwalejin Lafayette, da Easton, PA 
* 1998 De Art Magick, Easton, Pennsylvania 

## Nassoshi

## Ƙarin karatu
* Shafin Yanar Gizo na Salma Arastu
* Bayanin Mai Zane Bidiyo na Salma Arastu
* Ayyukan Haɗin kai
Eva Aschoff

**Eva Aschoff** (26 Afrilu 1900 - 20 Satumba 1969) 'Yar ƙasar Jamus ce mai zane-zane da aka sani da ɗaure littattafai da kuma rubutun hannu . 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Aschoff a Göttingen a ranar 26 ga Afrilu 1900.  Daga 1921 zuwa 1923 ta halarci Kunstakademie a Stuttgart  inda ta yi karatun rubutun hannu tare da  da kuma haɗa littattafai tare da Wilhelm Schlemmer. Ta kuma yi karatu tare da kuma yin tasiri ga aikin Mike Gold, ƙwararren mai fasaha da mai rubuta rubutu wanda aka buga a cikin *Calligraphy Review* na shekara-shekara, *Calligraphers Engagement Calendars* and *Greeting Card Design.*  Daga nan ta zauna a Freiburg inda ta sami nata bitar ɗaure littattafai daga 1928 zuwa 1964. Aschoff ta yi aiki a matsayin mai fasaha mai zaman kanta daga baya kuma ta mutu a Freiburg a ranar 20 ga Satumba 1969.

An san Aschoff da takardunta masu ado. Aikinta a wannan fanni ya burge mutane sosai domin galibi ana yin sa da hannu da kayan aiki kamar fenti mai da launin ruwa da aka haɗa da manna. Wannan nau'in fasaha da salo ya yi fice idan aka kwatanta da manyan takardun da aka yi wa ado da fasaha na ƙarni na 20.

Misalan ayyukanta an haɗa su a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Klingspor da ke Offenbach  da kuma Tarin Takardun Ado na Olga Hirsch. 

## Nassoshi

## Ƙarin karatu

* Bonhoff, Gerhard. "Eva Aschoff, Buchbindekunst - gebundene Kunst", *Imprimatur*, 1958/1960, shafi.&nbsp;18–26
* *Tsarin Littattafan Jamus na Zamani*, 1959, shafi na&nbsp;8, 26
* *Allgemeiner Anzeiger für Buchbindereien*, Nuwamba 1969, p.&nbsp;658

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Eva Aschoff, Deutsche Nationalbibliothek
* Eva Aschoff , buntpapier.org
Mimmi Bähr

**Henrika Wilhelmina (Mimmi) Bähr** (nee Westerstrand) (Oktoba 15, 1844 - Mayu 2, 1923) mawallafin Finnish ne kuma mai haɓaka fasahar kiraigraphy .

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Bähr a Alavus (wanda a lokacin wani ɓangare ne na Rasha, yanzu Finland) ga Gustaf Erik Westerstrand da Anna Henrika Åberg.

Ta yi aiki a matsayin magatakarda a Majalisar Dattawan Finland kuma mai kula da adana kayan tarihi na Hukumar Kudi daga 1868 zuwa 1904, a matsayin magatakarda na majalisar dokokin Finland da kuma Majalisar Dokoki ta 1878 zuwa 1906. Daga 1877 zuwa 1923, ta shirya darussa na koyarwa a fannin rubutun hannu kuma a 1885, ta buga tsarin rubutun hannu ga makarantu. 

An san Bähr a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu ƙirƙira a ƙasar Finland. 

Bähr ita ce mafi kyawun mai rubuta rubutun kalmomi a lokacinta kuma mai haɓaka fasahar rubutun kalmomi . An ba ta amanar muhimman takardu na ƙasar Finland waɗanda dole ne a rubuta su da tsabta. An kuma ba ta aikin adiresoshi da rubuce-rubuce na sirri iri-iri, inda manufar ita ce ta inganta salon yadda zai yiwu.

Tun daga shekarar 1877, ta ba da darussa a fannin rubutun kalmomi, kuma a shekarar 1885 ta fara buga tsarin rubutun kalmomi ga makarantun gwamnati da nahawu. Ana amfani da su sosai a azuzuwa, kuma saboda aikinta ta sami kyaututtuka. Ta kuma samar da nau'ikan kayan aikin rubutu iri-iri waɗanda suka zama dole a lokacin, kamar su rulers, fensir gogewa, man shafawa na haruffa da tambari, fensir na yau da kullun da takardun tukwane, waɗanda suka shahara. 

Har zuwa shekarar 2015, koyar da rubutun lanƙwasa abu ne da ake buƙata a makarantun Finland. 

Ta auri ɗan kasuwa Nikolai Edward Bähr (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 1868) a shekara ta 1864.

## Nassoshi
Sergey Sedov

(Russian language" typeof="mw:Transclusion">Russian; an haife shi a shekara ta 1979), wanda aka fi sani da The **Sokolniki Maniac** (Russan: Socolnical Maniac), ɗan Rasha ne Mai kisan gilla wanda ya kashe mutane shida a Sokolniki Park na Moscow tsakanin 1998 da 1999. An dauke shi da rashin cancanta don fuskantar shari'a, an tura shi zuwa asibitin mahaukaci a ƙauyen Troitskoye, inda ya kasance har zuwa yau.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Dan asalin Muscovite, Sedov ya girma a cikin iyali mara kyau, iyayensa biyu masu shaye-shaye ne. Tun yana yaro, Sergey ya sha wahala daga rashin jin magana, kuma a makaranta, an sanya shi a cikin rukuni na yara masu buƙatu na musamman. An bayyana shi a matsayin wanda ba shi da zamantakewa, kuma idan wasu yara suka yi masa laifi, zai gudu, ya ƙi komawa aji na kwanaki da yawa. Halinsa na musamman ya haifar da gwaje-gwaje daga likitoci da yawa a shekarar 1989, wadanda suka kammala cewa saurayi Sergey yana da nakasa. Koyaya, sun yi la'akari da cewa magani ba dole ba ne, saboda an yi imanin cewa ba zai haifar da barazana ga wasu da ke kewaye da shi ba.

A daren 7 ga Oktoba, 1998, yayin da yake yawo a kusa da Sokolniki Park da dare, Sedov ya shiga gardama tare da wani mutum mai maye. Daga nan sai ya kama bututun ƙarfe, wanda ya ci gaba da doke mutumin har ya mutu, bayan haka ya yi lalata da gawarsa.  Har zuwa lokacin da aka kama shi a ranar 18 ga Oktoba, 1999, zai ci gaba da aikata irin wannan kisan kai guda biyar a yankin, inda ya kashe mutane uku da bututun ƙarfe, daya da guduma kuma na karshe, wanda ya mutu, tare da takalma guda biyu.

A ranar da aka kama shi, Sergey ya gaya wa daya daga cikin maƙwabtansa cewa ya kashe mutum, amma kamar yadda aka san shi da rashin hankali, maƙwabcin bai yarda da ikirarinsa ba. Sedov ya tafi wurin shakatawa tare da shi, inda ya nuna sabon wurin aikata laifuka. Da firgici, maƙwabcin ya kira hukumomi, waɗanda suka kama mai kisan nan da nan suka fara tambayarsa. A lokacin binciken, Sedov ya yarda da kisan kai shida kuma ya yi jima'i da gawawwakin wadanda abin ya shafa. Lokacin da aka tambaye shi game da dalilin da ya sa ya yi hakan, ya yi iƙirarin cewa "muryar ciki" ta gaya masa ya kashe mutane shida daidai. Ɗaya daga cikin masu binciken ya tambayi abin da zai faru idan aka gaya masa ya kashe misali mutane 12, wanda Sergey ya amsa "Ba a tattauna umarni ba. Zan ci gaba da kashewa. "[1]￼

A watan Yunin 2000, an gurfanar da Sedov a gaban Kotun Gundumar Gabashin Moscow, ana tuhumarsa da laifin kisan kai, amma an janye tuhumar cin zarafin mata, domin ba a iya tabbatar da su ba. An umarce shi da ya yi gwaji a Cibiyar Serbsky,[1] inda likitoci suka gano cewa mahaukaci ne, yana da mummunar dabi'ar jima'i tare da dabi'un necrophilic.[2] Sakamakon haka, Kotun Moscow ta yanke hukuncin cewa ba shi da lafiyar kwakwalwa don a yi masa shari'a kuma ta tura shi zuwa asibitin masu tabin hankali a ƙauyen Troitskoye, inda zai sami magani mai tsanani har tsawon rayuwarsa.[3]￼￼￼

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin masu kisan gilla na Rasha

## Manazarta
Leslie Charlotte Benenson

**Leslie Charlotte Benenson**, RE (13 Janairu 1941 - 18 Fabrairu 2018) ƙwararren mai fasaha ce ta Ingila wadda ta yi aiki a fannoni daban-daban, ciki har da sassaka, mai, launukan ruwa, tukwane da zane-zanen rubutu . 

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Benenson a Landan, inda ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta La Sagesse Convent, kafin ta karanci zane-zane a Regent Street Polytechnic (1958–63) a karkashin Geoffrey H. Deeley da James Osborne . An ba ta takardar shaidar kammala karatun digiri na kasa a fannin zane a shekarar 1962. 

Baya ga karatunta na dindindin, Benenson ta ɗauki karatun fasahar rubutu ta sirri tare da Anthony Wood tsakanin 1963-64, bayan haka aka zaɓe ta memba a cikin Ƙungiyar Scribes & Illuminators.

Bayan ya yi nasarar nuna ayyukansa a Royal Academy daga 1962, da kuma a Royal Society of Painter-Etchers and Engravers daga 1968, an zaɓe Benenson a matsayin memba na wannan cibiyar a 1978.  Bugu da ƙari, Benenson yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar masu fasaha ta dawaki a 1979. 

Ana nuna ta sosai, kuma ana iya samun ayyukanta a cikin tarin kayan jama'a da na masu zaman kansu da yawa, gami da Towner Art Gallery, Ashmolean, Hereford Museum da International Exlibriscentrum . 

## Nunin Nunin

### Solo

* 1971 - Gidan Tarihi na Rye
* 1971 - Michelham Priory
* 1975 - Gidan Tarihi na John Gage, Eastbourne
* 1976 - Michelham Priory

### Rukuni

* 1966 - Royal Academy, London
* 1967 - Royal Academy, London
* 1968 - Royal Society of Painter-Etchers and Engravers
* 1969 - Royal Academy, London
* 1970 - Royal Academy, London
* 1971 - Gidan Tarihi na Victoria &amp;amp; Albert, London
* 1971 - Royal Academy, London
* 1972 - Royal Academy, London
* 1979 - Gidan Tarihi na Victoria & Albert, London
* 1980 - Linz, Austria
* 1981 - Sint-Niklaas, Antwerp, Belgium
* 1981 - Biala Podlaska, Poland

## Nassoshi
Monica Bridges

An haifi **Mary** **Monica Waterhouse** (na bogi) **Matthew Barnes** (31 ga Agusta 1863 - 9 ga Nuwamba 1949) mawakiyar piano ce ta Burtaniya, mawakiya kuma mai haɗin gwiwa da mijinta mawaƙi Robert Bridges . Ta sanya rubutun hannu na rubutun harafi ya shahara a makarantun Burtaniya.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Bridges a Victoria Park, Manchester, a shekarar 1863 kuma ta girma a babban gidan Foxhill House kusa da Reading wanda iyayenta suka zauna a ciki har zuwa 1881. Mahaifiyarta, Elizabeth (an haife ta a Hodgkin), ta koyar da fasaharta da sana'arta kuma ta zama mai buga piano da mawaƙi. Mahaifinta, Alfred Waterhouse, ƙwararren mai zane ne kuma mai nasara sosai. 

Ta haɗu da mijinta na gaba tun tana tsakiyar shekarunta na samartaka. Sun kasance masu haɗin gwiwa a fannin fasaha kuma sun yi aure a shekarar 1884.

A shekarar 1903 ita da 'yarta, Margaret, dukkansu sun kamu da cutar tarin fuka. 

A shekarar 1905, an buga littafinta (na MM Bridges), *A New Handwriting for Teachers* .  Ta kasance ƙwararren mai rubuta rubutun hannu kuma an yaba wa wannan littafin da ya sa rubutun hannu na rubutun hannu ya zama na zamani a makarantun Burtaniya. 

A shekarar 1907, sun yi amfani da kuɗin da mahaifinta ya bar musu, suka gina gida a Chilswell . 

A shekarar 1913 aka kafa ƙungiyar Society for Pure English inda mijinta ya sami yabo.  Monica da mijinta duk sun yi aiki a kwamitin  kuma za su buga takardu tare a ƙarƙashin sunan Matthew Barnes da aka haɗa. Sauran membobin sun haɗa da H. Bradley, Sir W. Raleigh da LP Smith . Ƙungiyar tana da nufin samun haske a sadarwa kuma sun rubuta game da batutuwan da suka shafi samo kalmomi da amfani da su. 

## Mutuwa da gado
Mijinta ya mutu a shekarar 1930, Bridges kuma ya mutu a Kudancin Landan a shekarar 1949.  Wasikunta (da mijinta) ana ajiye su a cikin Laburare na Bodleian . 

## Nassoshi
Cao Miaoqing

**Cao Miaoqing (**曹妙清, pinyin Cáo Miàoqīng, fl. 1345 CE  ), mawakiyar kasar Sin ce, mai rubuta rubutu da kuma mawaka.  Babban kayan kidanta shi ne kida.  Ta kasance daliba a Guan Yunshi da Ban Weizhi . Yang Weizhen, wacce ta hada aikinta a cikin *[[Xian' ge ji]]*, ta kira ta da ainihin magajin Ban Zhao .  

An haife ta a Qiantang (Hangzhou ta zamani), mahaifin Cao Miaoqing ya mutu tun tana ƙarama, kuma daga baya mahaifiyarta ta rene ta. Cao Miaoqing ba ta taɓa yin aure ba, kuma an yaba mata kuma an yaba mata saboda yadda take da alhakin kula da mahaifiyarta.

* Jerin Masu Rubuta Haruffa Mata

## Nassoshi
Lili Cassel-Wronker

**Lili Cassel-Wronker** (5 ga Mayu 1924 - 10 ga Janairu 2019) ta kasance mai zane-zanen littattafan yara na Yahudawa kuma mai rubuta rubutu  kuma ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar marubuta. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife ta a Berlin, Jamus, Cassel-Wronker da iyalinta sun gudu daga Mulkin Nazi a 1938 suka yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka a 1940, suka zauna a New York . Ta yi karatun fasaha a Makarantar Sakandare ta Washington Irving, Ƙungiyar Ɗaliban Fasaha da Makarantar Fasaha ta Brooklyn . Ta fara aiki a Mujallar Time .  Ta zana littafin 'ya'yanta na farko, *The Rainbow Mother Goose*, a 1947. Cibiyar Fasaha ta Amurka (AIGA) ta bayyana shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin "Littattafai Hamsin Mafi Kyau na Shekara".  Daga baya ta koyar da fasahar rubutu a Sabuwar Makaranta . 

A shekarar 1952, ta auri Erich Wronker, wanda a da yake mallakar shagunan Jamus Hermann Wronker AG, [1] wanda daga baya za ta gudanar da aikin buga littattafai tare da shi daga gida.

## Ayyukan da aka buga

* Zane-zane na *Uwar Bakan Gizo*, 1947 

## Bayanan kula da nassoshi
Li Chevalier

**Li Chevalier** ( Chinese    ; an haife shi a ranar 30 ga Maris, 1961) ɗan ƙasar Sin ne mai zane, mai rubuta rubutu, da kuma mai zane na shigarwa .

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Li Chevalier a Jamhuriyar Jama'ar China . An ɗauke ta aiki tana da shekaru 15 a matsayin mawaƙiya, amma bayan shekaru 5 aka kore ta daga aiki. Li Chevalier ta bar China a shekarar 1984  bayan da gwamnati ta ƙaddamar da Yaƙin Gurɓatar Ruhaniya a shekarar 1983. Daga ƙarshe ta zama 'yar ƙasar Faransa a shekarar 1986.  Ta fara karatu a fannin siyasa da falsafa a Faransa. Tana da digiri daga Kwalejin Fasaha da Zane ta Tsakiya ta St. Martins, amma kuma ta yi karatu a Cibiyar Nazarin Siyasa ta Paris (1986-1990) kuma ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin falsafa a Jami'ar Sorbonne kan taken: Allon Dan Adam - ɗabi'ar siyasa da ba makawa.  Li Chevalier ta fahimci cewa zama mace da ɗan Asiya na iya zama da wahala sosai a duniyar fasahar zamani da mawaƙi maza ke mamaye da kuma tattaunawar siyasa. Duk da haka, ta ƙi yin sassauci ga abin da take so.

## Sana'a
Chevalier ta fara shiga fagen zane-zane na kasar Sin a shekarar 2008. Ta haɗu da mai ra'ayin zane-zane na kasar Sin Peng Feng Daraktan Pavilions na kasar Sin a bikin 54e Venice Biennale, wanda ya shirya babban baje kolin zane-zane a kasar Sin da Faransa. A farkon shekarun 1990, Li Chevalier ta koma koyar da fasaha a manyan biranen Turai, Florence, Paris da London. Ta halarci azuzuwan manyan masu zane-zane na Faransa Rémy Aron, Thibaut de Reimpré da Pierre-Henry a Faransa. Ta sami nadinta a ƙungiyar zane-zane ta ƙasa ta Faransa (SNBA) a shekarar 2003. Li Chevalier ta je Landan a shekarar 2003 don halartar Dali Studio a Kwalejin Fasaha da Zane ta Central Saint Martins. Daga baya ta shiga karatun digiri na biyu a fannin zane-zane kuma ta sami digirinta a shekarar 2007. A watan Disamba na shekarar 2004, Makarantar Fasaha ta Jami'ar Virginia Common Wealth ta Amurka da ke Qatar ta shirya wani babban baje kolin zane-zane na kaɗaici ga Chevalier wanda ya gabatar da zanen tawada na gwaji a karon farko. An gabatar da ayyukanta kuma an nuna su a baje kolin bazara na Royal Academy a shekarar 2007.

Chevalier yanzu tana aiki a Beijing da Faransa kuma tana cikin ƙungiyar masu fasaha ta China da ke neman dawo da al'adar China ta godiya ga kyawun fasaha da aka lalata a juyin juya halin al'adu .  Ta nuna ayyukanta a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Ƙasa na China (2010), a tsohon sansanin ƙarƙashin ruwa a Bordeaux (2014),   a Nunin bazara na Royal Academy da aka yi a London (2015),   da kuma a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani na Rome (2017).  Sau da yawa tana aiki da tawada a kan zane;  *Polifonia* wani shiri ne wanda ya haɗa da goge .  

## Salon Fasaha
Li Chevalier tana son baƙi da fari, duka a fannin zane-zane da salon suturarta. An yi nufin zane-zanenta su sa masu kallo su nuna zane-zanen a rayuwarsu. Li Chevalier tana amfani da abubuwa don bayyana ra'ayoyinta ko ra'ayoyinta. Tana amfani da giciye, cello, kujera mara komai, da dutsen kabari don bayyana kaɗaici da rashin komai.

## Nassoshi

## Ƙarin karatu

*
Dado Banatao

**Diosdado P. Banatao** (Mayu 23, 1946 - Disamba 25, 2025) ɗan kasuwa ne kuma injiniya na Filipino da ke aiki a masana'antar fasaha mai zurfi, wanda aka yaba da haɓaka guntu na farko na 10-Mbit Ethernet CMOS, tsarin tsarin tsarin farko da ya dace da PC / XT na IBM da PC / AT, kuma ɗaya daga cikin Masu hanzarin GUI na farko don kwamfutocin mutum. Tsohon sojan da ya fara aiki sau uku, ya kafa Mostron, chipset da Fasaha, da S3 Graphics .
## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Banatao a Iguig, Cagayan, Philippines a ranar 23 ga Mayu, 1946. Mahaifinsa, Salvador Banatao, manomi ne na shinkafa. Mahaifiyarsa, Rosita Banatao, mai kula da gida ce.
Yana da labarin rag zuwa wadata. A lokacin yarinta, ya yi tafiya ba tare da kafafu ba a kan hanya mai datti kawai don isa makarantar firamare ta Malabbac. Ya ci gaba da karatun sakandare a Ateneo na Tuguegarao na Jesuit. Bayan makarantar sakandare, ya bi digiri na farko na Kimiyya a Injiniyan Lantarki daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Mapúa kuma ya kammala karatun digiri.

## Mutuwa
A ranar 25 ga watan Disamba, 2025, Banatao ya mutu a Stanford, California saboda matsalolin da suka samo asali daga rikicewar jijiyoyin da ba a bayyana ba. Yana da shekaru 79.
#### MANAZARTA
Fanil Sarvarov

**Fanil Fanisovich Sarvarov** (11 Maris 1969 - 22 Disamba 2025) ya kasance Janar Janar na Rasha wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Daraktan Horar da Ayyuka na Janar Janar na Sojojin Rasha . Sarvarov ya kasance wani ɓangare na ayyukan yaƙi a cikin rikici na Gabashin Prigorodny da na Yaƙin Chechen na Biyu a ƙarshen 1990s da farkon 2000s. Ya jagoranci Ayyukan Rasha a yakin basasar Siriya tsakanin 2015 da 2016.
Sarvarov, mai shekaru 56, bam din mota ne ya kashe shi a titin Yasenevaya a Moscow a ranar 22 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2025.
## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Sarvarov a Gremyachinsk, Perm Oblast, Rasha, a ranar 11 ga Maris 1969.  Wani dan kabilar Tatar, ya kammala karatu daga makarantar Kazan Higher Tank Command Red Banner a shekarar 1990. Daga baya ya kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Sojojin Sojoji ta Malinovsky a 1999, kuma daga Kwalecin Sojojin Janar a 2008.
## Mutuwa
An kashe Sarvarov a wani fashewar bam a ranar 22 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2025 yana da shekaru 56. Da karfe 6:55 na safe lokacin yankin, bam da aka sanya a ƙarƙashin motarsa ta Kia Sorento ta fashe yayin da yake tuki daga filin ajiye motoci a titin Yaseneva, kudancin Moscow. Fashewar ta lalata motoci bakwai da ke kusa. Sarvarov ya ji rauni a fashewar, yana karɓar "raunin shrapnel da yawa, karyewar rufewa, raunin kafa, da karyewar ƙashin fuska". Daga baya ya mutu a asibiti
#### MANAZARTA
Tubifex tubifex

Tubifex Tubifex, wanda kuma ake kira tsutsotsi na laka, tsutsotsi na datti, ko kuma kawai tsutsotsi na Tubificid wanda ke zaune a cikin tafkuna da koguna a nahiyoyi da yawa. Tubifex mai yiwuwa ya haɗa da nau'o'i da yawa, amma rarrabe tsakanin su yana da wahala saboda gabobin haifuwa, waɗanda aka saba amfani da su a cikin ganewar jinsuna, ana sake su bayan haɗuwa, kuma saboda halaye na waje na tsutsotsi sun bambanta da canje-canje a cikin salinity. Wadannan tsutsotsi suna cinye turɓaya, suna narke ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma suna shan kwayoyin ta bangonjikinsu. Micro-plastic cinyewa ta Tubifex tsutsotsi yana aiki ne a matsayin babban haɗari ga canja wurin trophic da biomagnification na microplastics zuwa jerin abinci na ruwa.[1] Tsuntsaye na iya rayuwa tare da ƙananan iskar oxygen ta hanyar girgiza ƙarshen wutsiya mai wadata da Haemoglobin don amfani da duk iskar oxygen da ke akwai, kuma suna iya musayar carbon dioxide da iskar oxygen a cikin ƙananan fatarsu, a hanyar da ta yi kama da kwari. Hakanan suna iya rayuwa a wuraren da aka gurɓata sosai da kwayoyin halitta wanda kusan babu wani nau'in da zai iya jimrewa. Ta hanyar samar da kariya mai kariya da rage Yawan metabolism, T. tubifex  na iya tsira daga fari da karancin abinci. Encystment na iya aiki a cikin watsawar tsutsotsi. Yawanci suna zaune a cikin ƙasa na tabkuna, koguna, kuma a wasu lokuta layin shara da hanyoyin fita.[2]￼

## Manazarta
Shaukat Manzoor Cheema

**Shaukat Manzoor Cheema** (Urdu, 15 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1954 - 3 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2020) ɗan siyasan Pakistan ne wanda ya kasance memba na Majalisar lardin Punjab daga shekara ta 2008 zuwa Mayu 2020.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Cheema a ranar 15 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1954 a Wazirabad . 

Ya kammala karatu a shekara ta 2005 daga Jami'ar Punjab kuma ya sami digiri na farko a fannin fasaha.

## Harkokin siyasa
An zabi Cheema a Majalisar lardin Punjab a matsayin dan takarar Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N) daga mazabar PP-104 (Gujranwala-XIV) a Babban zaben Pakistan na 2008. Ya samu kuri'u 41,217 kuma ya kayar da dan takarar jam'iyyar Pakistan Peoples Party . 

An sake zabarsa a Majalisar Lardin Punjab a matsayin dan takarar PML-N daga mazabar PP-104 (Gujranwala-XIV) a Babban zaben Pakistan na 2013.

An sake zabarsa a Majalisar Lardin Punjab a matsayin dan takarar PML-N daga mazabar PP-51 (Gujranwala-I) a Babban zaben Pakistan na 2018.

## Mutuwa
Cheema ya mutu a ranar 3 ga Yuni 2020, bayan ya kamu da COVID-19 a lokacin annobar COVID-19 a Pakistan. Ya kasance a karkashin magani a asibiti a Lahore, kuma an ruwaito shi a kan tallafin ventilator.

## Manazarta
Qamar Dagar

Qamar Dagar yar Indiya ce. Ita ce ta kafa Qalamkaari Creative Calligraphy Trust. A cikin 2016, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Nari Shakti Puraskar, kyautar farar hula mafi girma a Indiya ga mata.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Dagar a New Delhi daga dangin mawakan gargajiya na Dhrupad .   Ta kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Delhi da digiri a fannin ilimin zamantakewa.  Ta ambaci masu rubuta rubutun hannu Hassan Massoudy da Mohammad Elbaz a matsayin masu ba da shawara. 

## Sana'a
Dagar ƙwararriyar mai rubuta rubutun hannu ce wadda ke amfani da salon rubutun hannu mai kama da na zahiri a cikin aikinta.  CNBC TV18 ta kira ta da "mawallafin rubutun hannu mafi shahara a Indiya." 

An gudanar da nune-nunen Dagar kaɗai a Indiya, Faransa da Amurka.   A shekarar 2019, ta halarci wani baje kolin rukuni a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Ƙasa ta Indira Gandhi .  

Baya ga amfani da fasaharta ta musamman wajen rubuta rubutun hannu, tana aiki don kiyaye fasahar a Indiya ta hanyar ƙungiyarta, Qalamkaari Creative Calligraphy Trust.   Ta kafa Asusun ne don shirya tarurruka ga masu fasaha don raba ayyukansu ga jama'a da kuma ci gaba da rayuwa da fasahar rubuta rubutun hannu.  Dagar ta shirya bukukuwan rubuta rubutun hannu na duniya.  Bitar karatunta na rubuta rubutun hannu ta jawo hankalin kafofin watsa labarai a matsayin abin jan hankali ga masu yawon bude ido zuwa Indiya.    Ta kuma yaɗa ilimi ga yara game da rubuta rubutun hannu a lokacin zaman mu'amala da mai masaukin baki na shirin shahara Mrs. NIDHI KUMAR wanda Skoolz ya jagoranta. 

## Lambobin yabo da girmamawa
A shekarar 2016, Shugaba Pranab Mukherjee ya ba ta kyautar Nari Shakti Puraskar, mafi girman lambar yabo ta farar hula ga mata a Indiya.  

## Nassoshi
Pierre Novellie

**Pierre Novellie** (an haife shi a ranar 31 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1991) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Burtaniya, marubuci kuma mai ba da labari, wanda aka sani da salo na daban wajen bincikensa na wasan kwaikwayo.

Novellie ya fitar da wasu abubuwa na musamman kuma shi ne marubucin littafin "Why Can't I Just Enjoy Thins?: A Comedian's Guide to Autism (2024:".

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haife shi a Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu, Novellie ya girma a Port Soderick a garin Isle of Man. Ya halarci Kwalejin King William kusa da Castletown, inda ya fara sha'awar yin wasan kwaikwayo.

## Manazarta
Charlie Barnett (mai wasan kwaikwayo)

An haifi Barnett a Bluefield, West Virginia . Ya fara yin suna ga kansa a ƙarshen 1970s da farkon 1980s, yana yin wasan kwaikwayo da yawa a rana a wuraren shakatawa na waje a Birnin New York, musamman a Washington Square Park. A watan Satumbar 1980, Barnett ya yi sauraro don Asabar Night Live . Mai gabatarwa Jean Doumanian ya shirya ya hayar shi; duk da haka, Barnett ya san kansa game da ƙwarewarsa ta karatu kuma ya tsallake karatun da ya biyo baya. An ba da matsayinsa a cikin simintin ga Eddie Murphy.[1][2]

Barnett ya bayar da rahoton kishi da fushi da Murphy na shekaru da yawa, kodayake a 1983 ya gaya wa Jet Magazine: "Yanzu ina yin hakan, ina kallon Asabar Night Live kowane Asabar".

Barnett ya kamu da kwayar Cutar kanjamau sakamakon shan miyagun ƙwayoyi kuma ya mutu daga cutar kanjamanmiyyar cuta a ranar 16 ga Maris, 1996. [1]￼

* *suna cinyewa* (1996) 
* *Mondo New York* (1988) 
* *Babu Wauta* yake wauta (1986) 
* Beer (1985) 
* Mutumin dan Adam (1985) 
* *T.J. Hooker* (1985) 
* Mataimakin Miami (1984-1987) 
* *D.C. Cab* (1983) 

## Manazarta
Bear Bachmeier

ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Murrieta Valley da ke Murrieta, California tare da ɗan'uwansa Tiger .  A lokacin kakar wasa ta biyu, ya jefa don yadudduka 2,853 da 26 touchdowns, yayin da ya kara 644 yadudduka da 18 touchdowns a ƙasa. A cikin babba shekarunsa, Bachmeier ya rasa wasanni takwas na farko tare da raunin gwiwa amma ya dawo ya jagoranci makarantarsa zuwa wasan Division 2. Da yake fitowa daga makarantar sakandare, an kiyasta shi a matsayin tauraron taurari huɗu kuma dan wasa na 262 a cikin aji na 2025, inda ya himmatu ga buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Stanford Cardinal a kan Oregon, Arkansas, Jihar Michigan, Alabama, Notre Dame, Texas A & M, da Michigan.

### Stanford
Bayan ya yi rajista da wuri a Stanford don kakar 2025, Bachmeier ya yanke shawarar shiga tashar canja wuri yayin ayyukan bazara.

Bachmeier ya yanke shawarar canja wurin ya buga wa BYU Cougars tare da ɗan'uwansa Tiger .  Da yake shiga cikin kakar 2025 bayan an dakatar da Jake Retzlaff kuma daga baya aka sauya shi, ya yi gasa don aikin farawa da McCae Hillstead da Treyson Bourguet. A ranar 19 ga watan Agusta, an kira Bachmeier mai farawa na Cougars, bayan jita-jita da yawa da ke ba da shawarar iri ɗaya, wanda ya sa ya zama ɗan wasa na farko na gaskiya a tarihin makaranta don fara buɗe kakar. Bear ya taimaka ya jagoranci BYU don shawo kan rashi na maki 11 a cikin Pop-Tarts Bowl na 2025.

Bachmeier ya girma a matsayin Katolika kuma shi ne ƙaramin ɗan'uwan mai karɓar Tiger Bachmeier, wanda yake wasa tare da shi a BYU, kuma tsohon mai tsaron gida Hank Bachmeier .  Mahaifiyar Bachmeier, Afrilu, ta fito ne daga Thailand.

## Manazarta
Hiromi Ikeda

Hiromi Ikeda (池田, Ikeda Hiromi; an haife ta a ranar 22 ga watan Disamba, shekarar 1975), ta kasance tsohuwar 'yar wasan kwallon kafa ta ƙasar Japan, wacce Ta buga wa tawagar kasar Japan wasa.

## Ayyukan ta a kulob
An haifi Ikeda a Honjo a ranar 22 ga watan Disamba, shekarar 1975. Ta shiga club din Tasaki Perule FC a shekarar 1995. An zabe ta ne a matsayin mafi kwarewar yar wasa mai kananun shekaru, a inda ta karbi kyautar girmamawa a shekarar 1995. An kuma sake zaben ta a matsayin daya daga cikin Mafi Kyawun 'yan wasa Goma sha ɗaya na shekaru 10 a jere (1999-2008). duk da haka, an rushe kulob din da take ciki a shekarar 2008 saboda matsalolin kuɗi. Ta yi ritaya a ƙarshen kakar 2008. Adadin wasannin da ta buga sun kai kimanin 236 a L.League .

## Ayyukan ƙungiyar ƙasa
A ranar 8 ga Yuni, 1997, Ikeda ta fara buga wasa wa tawagar kasar Japan wasar da suka buga da kasar Sin. kuma ta kasance memba na tawagar kasar Japan a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1999, 2003, 2007; da kuma gasar Olympics ta 2004 da 2008. A wasannin Olympics na bazara na shekarar 2004, ta taka leda a matsayin kyaftin saboda kasancewar Kyaftin Yumi Obe a ajiya. Bayan Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2008, ta zama kyaftin har zuwa wasannin Olympics na bazarar 2008. Ta buga wasanni 119 wanda a ciki ta zira kwallaye 4 ga Japan har zuwa shekarar 2008.

## Rayuwar Sirri
Ikeda ta yi aure a shekarar 2007 kuma ta canza sunanta daga **Hiromi Isozaki** zuwa **Hiromi Ikeda**.

## Kididdigar ƙungiyar ƙasa

## Cin kwallon kasa da kasa

## Sunayen

* 1 L.League (2003) 
* 4 Kofin Sarauniya (1999, 2002, 2003, 2006) 

## Manazarta



## Mahada na waje

* Hiromi Ikeda – FIFA competition record (archived)
* https://int.soccerway.com/players/-/19384/
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiromi_Ikeda#:~:text=Hiromi%20Ikeda%20at%20Olympics%20at%20Sports%2DReference.com
Maria Rickmers (jirgi)

***Maria Rickmers*** jiragen ruwane ne masu matakai biyar, daya daga cikin 'yan irin waɗannan jiragen ruwa. An kaddamar da shi ita a shekara ta alif dubu daya da dari takwas da tis'in sa daya 1891 don ɗaukar shinkafa tsakanin Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya da Jamus kuma ta tashi a kan tafiyarta ta farko a shekara ta 1872. Jirgin ba shi da kwanciyar hankali, kuma an gan ta ta ƙarshe yayin da take komawa Jamus. Ganin da ta yi na karshe ya kasance a Java a wannan watan Yuli, kodayake an ga wani jirgin da ya dace da bayanin jirgin na musamman a Azores a watan Nuwamba, kuma an sami saƙo a cikin kwalba a 1894 a Scotland wanda ya yi iƙirarin cewa jirgin ya nutse a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1892.

## Manazarta
Mai Kasuwanci

**CA$ Hero**(an tsara shi a matsayin CA$HERO; Koriya) jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin ne na Koriya ta Kudu na 2025 wanda Lee Chang-min ya jagoranta, wanda Lee Jae-in da Jeon Chan-ho suka rubuta, kuma Lee Jun-ho, Kim Hye-jun, Kim Byung-chul, da Kim Hyang-gi suka fito. Jerin ya dogara ne akan gidan yanar gizon webtoon" id="mwEw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kakao Webtoon">Kakao na wannan sunan na Lee Hoon da No Hye-ok, tare da aka sani da "Team Befar".   An sake shi a Netflix a ranar 26 ga Disamba, 2025.

Kang Sang-woong ma'aikacin gwamnati ne mai tawali'u wanda ke samun iko mai girma da ke da alaƙa da yawan kuɗin da yake ɗauka. Yayin da yake haɗuwa da abokan hulɗa ciki har da budurwarsa ta gaskiya, lauya wanda ikonsa ke aiki yayin shan giya, da kuma mai amfani da calorie, suna yaƙi da ƙungiyar ban mamaki da ke niyya ga jarumawa.

: Wani ma'aikacin gwamnati wanda ya sami ikon musamman na samun ƙarfi daidai da adadin kuɗin da yake da shi.

: Budurwar Sang-woong da kuma budurwa. Ita mutum ne mai gaskiya wanda ya ga ikon Sang-woong bai yi aiki ba amma yana tallafa masa fiye da kowa.

: Wata budurwa da ke da ikon telekinetic, wanda ke motsawa da adadin adadin kuzari da ta sha.

:
: Lauyan da ke da karfin gaske ta hanyar shan barasa. Har ila yau, shi ne shugaban da ya nada kansa na ƙungiyar Koriya don mutanen da ke da iko mai ban mamaki.
Gidan Tsohon Kotun, Perth

**Tsohon Gidan Kotu** shine ginin kotu na farko da aka gina a Perth, Yammacin Ostiraliya. Yana tsakanin Lambunan Stirling da Lambunan Kotun Koli, kusa da Titin Barrack, kusa da ginin Kotun Koli. Gini ne mai hawa ɗaya mai laushi, tare da rufin katako.

An kammala ginin gwamnati a shekarar 1836, kuma shine ginin gwamnati mafi daɗewa a birnin kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin misalai biyu da suka rage na aikin Henry Reveley,  injiniyan farar hula na mulkin mallaka. Yana ɗaya daga cikin gine-ginen da suka rage waɗanda aka tsara a cikin salon farfaɗo da Girka na gargajiya na ƙarni na 19 a Perth.

## Bayani
Ginin Tsohon Kotu yana tsaye a kusurwar kudu maso gabas na Lambunan Stirling da ke Perth. Gini ne mai sauƙi wanda aka yi da tsarin gine-gine na Georgian. An yi shi ne da tarkacen dutse tare da ƙarewar stucco. Ƙaramin gini ne mai sauƙi tare da rufin da aka yi wa ado da siliki. An gina barandar shiga, wadda aka ƙara daga baya, da ginshiƙan doric. Yankin da ke kewaye da arewa da yamma na ginin an yi shi da tubalin siminti mai launi na yashi.

## Tarihi
A shekara ta 1836, Gwamna James Stirling ya ba da umarnin gina gidan kotu a Perth. A watan Fabrairun 1836, Henry Willey Reveley, injiniyan gine-gine na mulkin mallaka daga 1829 zuwa 1838, ya shirya tsare-tsare da bayanai dalla-dalla don sabon ginin. Reveley ne ke da alhakin tsara da gina gine-ginen gwamnati na farko da dama a yankin, ciki har da Gidan Zagaye da ke Fremantle, Shagon Commissariat, Ofisoshin Gwamnati, Barikin Sojoji na farko, da Gidan Gwamnati a Perth.[1]

A wancan lokacin, Gidan Kotu yana kusa da bakin tekun farko na Kogin Swan. An kammala shi a watan Disamba na 1836. An gudanar da zaman farko na Kotun Janar na Kwata a ginin a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 1837. An buɗe ginin a hukumance da hidimar Cocin da Reverend John Burdett Wittenoom ya gudanar a ranar Juma'a Mai Tsarki, 24 ga Maris, 1837. Gidan Kotu ya ci gaba da zama wurin ibada har sai da aka gina Cocin St George a 1842.

## Manazarta
Farewell Yuni (fim)

Farewell Yuni fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na iyali na Kirsimeti na shekara ta 2025 wanda Tare_Winslet" id="mwFQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kate Winslet">Kate Winslet ta jagoranta a karon farko na darakta, daga rubutun da ɗanta Joe Anders ya rubuta. Tauraruwar ƙungiyar da ta haɗa da Toni Collette, Johnny Flynn, Andrea Riseborough, Timothy Spall, Helen Mirren, da Winslet kanta. An shirya fim din ne a lokacin Kirsimeti, inda haruffa suka taru a kusa da mahaifiyarsu mai mutuwa, kuma suka fuskanci jigogi na baƙin ciki, sulhu, da ƙauna.

Winslet ta bayyana cewa da farko ba ta yi niyyar jagorantar ba, amma bayan karanta rubutun Anders ta yanke shawarar ɗaukar matsayin darektan da kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da furodusa. Ta jaddada yanayin warkewa na labarin, ta bayyana shi a matsayin "game da iyali, ba mawaki game da mutuwa ba". Winslet ta zaɓi shugabannin sashen da yawa waɗanda suka kasance sababbi, gami da mawaƙa Ben Harlan, mai tsarawa kayan aiki Alison Harvey, da Mai tsara kayan ado Grace Clark, suna nuna sha'awarta ta ba da dama ga ƙwarewa masu tasowa. Winslet kuma ya karɓi hanyoyin yin fim na al'ada, kamar amfani da ƙananan makirufo a kan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo maimakon kayan aikin gargajiya, don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai zurfi a kan saiti.

An saki Goodbye June a cikin zaɓaɓɓun fina-finai a Ƙasar Ingila da Amurka a ranar 12 ga Disamba 2025, kuma yana gudana akan Netflix daga 24 ga Disamba.

Fim din ya shafi 'yan uwa hudu wadanda rayuwarsu ta canza lokacin da mahaifiyarsu mai rashin lafiya ta juya zuwa mafi muni a lokacin Kirsimeti.

* Toni Collette a matsayin Helen Cheshire, Yuni & 'yar farko ta Bernie, Julia, Molly, 'yar'uwar Connor da mahaifiyar Benji
* Johnny Flynn a matsayin Connor Cheshire, Yuni & ɗan Bernie, Helen, ƙanwar Molly da Julia kuma kawun Benji
* Andrea Riseborough a matsayin Molly Cheshire, Yuni & 'yar Bernie ta uku, Helen da' yar'uwar Julia da kuma 'yar'uwar Connor, 'yar'uwa Julia da mahaifiyar Benji
* Timothy Spall a matsayin Bernie Cheshire, mijin Yuni, Helen, Julia, mahaifin Molly da Connor kuma kakan Benji
* Kate Winslet a matsayin Julia Cheshire, Yuni & 'yar Bernie ta biyu, ƙanwar Helen da Molly da 'yar'uwar Connor da mahaifiyar Benji
* Helen Mirren a matsayin Yuni Cheshire, matar Bernie, Helen, Julia, mahaifiyar Molly da Connor da kakar Benji
* Stephen Merchant a matsayin Jerry
* Fisayo Akinade a matsayin Mala'ika
* Jeremy Swift a matsayin Dokta David Titford
* Raza Jaffrey a matsayin Dokta Simon Khal
* Benjamin Shortland a matsayin Benji, ɗan Julia, Helen, Molly da ɗan'uwan Connor kuma Yuni da jikan Bernie

## Manazarta
Cao Zhenxiu

**Cao Zhenxiu** ( Chinese ; 1762–?) marubuci ne ɗan ƙasar Sin, mawaƙi, mai rubuta rubutu, kuma mai zane.   

Ita 'yar mai zane ce Cai Rui. A shekarar 1782, ta auri Wang Qisun, jami'in gwamnati, mawaƙi, kuma mai rubuta rubutu. Ta yi fice a fannoni da dama na fasaha. Misali, an san ta a matsayin mafi kyawun mai rubuta rubutu a China a zamaninta, kuma ya zama ruwan dare ga waɗanda suka yi odar rubutu daga mijinta su yi oda daga gare ta. A fannin fasaha, an yi mata murna musamman saboda zane-zanen furannin plum. Ta rubuta waƙoƙi da yawa, musamman a cikin nau'in quatrains, waɗanda aka rubuta don a haɗa su da zane-zane

Yawancin ayyukanta sun fi mai da hankali kan mata, ciki har da manyan ayyukanta na waƙa da tarihi, waɗanda suka ƙunshi waƙoƙi 16, kowannensu yana bayyana 'mace mai misali'.   Kowace waƙa tana tare da zane, wanda mai zane Gai Qi ya yi.   Duk da cewa ayyukan da ke bayyana mata masu misali wani nau'in gargajiya ne, Cao Zhenxiu ta bambanta a zaɓinta na abin da ya cancanci mace ta zama abin koyi. Maimakon maganganun gargajiya ga mata waɗanda ke nuna tsarki da tsoron Allah, Cao Zhenxiu ya rubuta game da masana, masu fasaha, masu rubutun kira, mawaka, da mayaka.  

## Nassoshi
Xelia Mendes-Jones

**Xelia Mendes-Jones** 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Burtaniya. An fi saninsa da babban rawar da ya taka a matsayin Dane a cikin jerin Firayim Minista na Fallout (2024).

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Xelia Mendes-Jones rabin Indiya ce  kuma ta girma a Landan, Ingila. Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Coleridge  da makarantar koleji ta Arewacin London.  Ya kasance mai jefa javelin tare da London Heathside  kuma ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na matasa a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya tare da Tottenham Hotspur a kakar 2009-2010. 

Mendes-Jones ya ci gaba da karatun Anglo-Saxon, Norse, da Celtic (ASNaC) a Kwalejin St Catharine, Cambridge,  daga 2016. Ya horar da shi a Makarantar Ayyuka ta Identity . 

## Ayyuka
An yaba wa Mendes-Jones saboda rawar da ya taka a matsayin Renna  a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen bidiyo na Firayim Minista na 2021 The Wheel of Time .  Ya bayyana a matsayin dan wasan kwaikwayo tare da Maisie Williams a cikin bidiyon kiɗa na "She's on My Mind" na Romy, wanda aka saki a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2023.

Ya zama sananne sosai saboda babban rawar da ya taka a matsayin Dane a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen Firayim Minista na 2024 Fallout,  kuma yana da rawar gani a fim din *Havoc*. 

## Rayuwa ta mutum
*PinkNews* ta ruwaito a cikin 2024 cewa Mendes-Jones ya kasance "mai murya sosai game da fiɗinsa" na sunayen sunansa, kuma ya kira kansa a matsayin "mutumin canza launin fata" a cikin tarihin Instagram a farkon wannan shekarar.