Fort Calata

**Fort Calata** OLS (5 ga Nuwamba 1956 - 27 ga Yuni 1985) ya kasance Mai fafutukar adawa da nuna wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu kuma ɗaya daga cikin Cradock Four da 'yan sanda na Afirka ta Kudu suka kashe a shekarar 1985.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Fort Calata a ranar 5 ga watan Nuwamba 1956. Jikan James Calata ne, ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Majalisar Wakilan Kasa ta Afirka ta Kudu. James Calata kuma ya kasance Babban Sakatare daga shekarun 1936 zuwa 1949.  Fort Calata ya fara makaranta a shekarar 1963 lokacin da ya je St James, sannan ya wuce Macembe Lower Primary sannan ya wuce Nxuba Higher Primary. Ya kammala karatunsa na digiri a Cradock Secondary School. Ya shiga ƙungiyar da ake kira *Ambassadors* a cikin shekarar 1972 kuma ya zama mai yin ganga da guitarist.  Ya haɗu da Nomonde Calata a cikin shekarar 1974 kuma sun yi aure a shekarar 1980. 

Calata ya kammala Diploma na Sakandare a Kwalejin Malamai na Lennox Sebe, wanda yanzu ake kira Griffiths Mxenge College. Kwarewar sa sune Accounting, Business Economics da Afrikaans.  

## Aiki da siyasa
Calata ya fara aiki a shekarar 1979 a Dimbaza High School a Ciskei. Tare da wasu malamai a makarantar, sun kafa ƙungiyar jana'izar da ta kasance a matsayin cell ta ƙarƙashin ƙasa. An kama shi a shekarar 1980 tare da ɗalibai 32 saboda harkokin siyasa kuma an tsare shi tsawon wata guda.

Calata ya koyar da Afrikaans da Xhosa akan matakan 6 da 7 a Sakandare na Sam Xhali a shekarar 1981. Ya haɗu da Matthew Goniwe kuma sun zama abokai da abokan aiki. A cikin shekarar 1983, an ƙaddamar da Ƙungiyar Matasa ta Cradock (CRADOYA) kuma Calata ta zama sakatare. Aikinsu na farko shi ne yin adawa da tsarin da suke ganin rashin adalci ne na tsarin haya wanda Hukumar Gudanarwa ta Gabashin Cape ta gabatar.     

A cikin watan Nuwamba 1983, Calata na cikin "Kamfen ɗin Sakin Mandela". Matarsa, Nomonde Calata, ta rasa aikinta a asibitin lardin Cradock bayan an same ta sanye da rigar yakin kamfen ɗin. An tuhume ta da laifin zaman gidan yari na watanni 3 ko kuma tarar R800. A watan Disamba na shekarar 1983, ya sami wasika daga gwamnati da ke sanar da shi cewa an cire shi daga ma'aikatan dindindin a Sam Xhali kuma aka sanya shi a cikin gwaji na watanni 12. 

A cikin watan Janairu 1984, ɗalibai sun fara ƙauracewa shiga bayan sun sami labarin korar Goniwe daga Sam Xhali. Sakamakon shigar Calata cikin harkokin siyasa da alaka da Goniwe, shi ma ‘yan sandan tsaro sun kai masa hari. Daga nan aka tsare Calata a ranar 31 ga watan Maris 1984 tare da Matthew Goniwe, Mbulelo Goniwe da Fezile Madoda Jacobs. An tsare su ne a gidan yarin Diepkloof wanda a da ake kira Fort Prison. Wannan shine wurin da aka tsare kakansa a lokacin shari'ar cin amanar ƙasa a shekarar 1956. An sanar da Calata a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta yayin da ake tsare da shi cewa an kore shi daga muƙaminsa na koyarwa saboda karya dokar ilimi ta shekarar 1979.  

A wannan watan ne al’ummar yankin suka kaddamar da ƙauracewa shaguna mallakar fararen fata tsawon mako guda domin nuna adawa da tsare shugabannin al’umma. An sake Calata da wasu 10 a ranar 10 ga watan Oktoba 1984. Bayan da aka sake shi, ya ci gaba da ayyukansa na siyasa kuma yana da hannu wajen aiwatar da ayyuka masu yawa a kan ilimin wariyar launin fata da sauran dokokin wariyar launin fata ciki har da Hukumomin Ƙungiyoyin Baƙar fata, Majalisar Dokokin Tricameral da kuma kula da kwarara.

## Mutuwa da tunawa
A ranar 26 ga watan Yuni 1985, yayin bikin Yarjejeniya Ta 'Yanci, Calata yayi jawabi ga taron jama'a a zauren al'ummar Lingihle. Washegari Calata, Goniwe, Sparrow Mkhonto da Sicelo Mhlauli suka tuka mota zuwa Port Elizabeth don halartar taron United Democratic Front. Basu koma gida ba kuma an gano motarsu da aka kona da gawarwakin mako guda da ɓacewarsu. Calata ya mutu sakamakon raunukan wuka a kirjinsa a ranar 27 ga watan Yuni 1985 kusa da Bluewater Bay a Port Elizabeth. A lokacin, Nomonde Calata tana da ciki wata shida da ’yarsu, Thumani.    An yi jana'izar Goniwe, Calata, Mkhonto da Mhlauli a ranar 20 ga watan Yuli 1985 inda Allan Boesak, Beyers Naudé da Steve Tswete suka ba da jawabi mai mahimmanci. An karanta sako daga shugaban jam'iyyar ANC na lokacin Oliver Tambo. 

An kafa wani abin tunawa don girmama The Cradock Four  Calata an ba shi Order of Luthuli ta Fadar Shugabancin Afirka ta Kudu don "Gwamnati ta musamman da sadaukar da rayuwarsa ga Afirka ta Kudu mai 'yanci, adalci da dimokuraɗiyya".

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
* Biography of Fort Calata at thecradockfour.co.za  
* About the Cradock four at cradock4.co.za 
* The story behind the Cradock Four picture at heraldlive.co.za