Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik I Saadi

**Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik** ko kuma **Abd al-Malik** ko **Mulay Abdelmalek**, (b. 1541 – d. 4 Agusta 1578) shi ne Sarkin Saadiya na Morocco daga shekarar 1576 har zuwa rasuwarsa daidai bayan yakin al-Kasr al-Kabir da Portugal a shekarar 1578.

## Tarihinsa

### Yariman Sadiya (1541-1557)
Abd al-Malik yana daya daga cikin ƴa'ƴan Sarkin Sa'diya Mohammed al-Shaykh da Sahaba al-Rehmania,  daular Ottomaniya ta kashe mahaifinsa a shekara ta 1557 bisa umarnin Hasan Pasha dan Barbarossa, a lokacin da yake shirya, kawance da Sipaniya da Ottoman.

Ɗaya daga cikin ƴan'uwansa Abdallah al-Ghalib (1557-1574) sannan ya karɓi mulki kuma ya hau kan karagar mulki kai tsaye. Ya shirya kawar da sauran ƴan'uwansa a cikin wannan tsari. Sai da Abd al-Malik ya tsere daga Maroko ya zauna a wajen ƙasarsa tare da mahaifiyarsa Sahâba al-Rahmania,  kaninsa Abd al-Mu’umin al-Saadi da kaninsa Ahmad har zuwa shekarar 1576. 

### Hijirarsa zuwa Daular Ottoman (1557-1576)
Abd al-Malik ya shafe shekaru 17 a cikin Ottoman tare da ƴan'uwansa, mafi yawan lokuta a cikin Algiers, yana cin gajiyar horar da Ottoman da hulɗa da al'adun Ottomaniya.  Shugaban Masarautar Aljeri Hasan Pasha ya naɗa Abd al-Mu'min gwamnan birnin Tlemcen, amma an kashe Abd al-Mu'min a can a shekara ta 1571.

Abd al-Malik ya ziyarci Istanbul a lokuta da dama. Ya tafi babban birnin Ottoman a watan Yulin shekarar 1571, sannan ya shiga tare da dan uwansa al-Mansur a yakin Lepanto a ɓangaren Ottoman a ranar 7 ga Oktoba 1571.   An kama shi a lokacin yaƙin kuma aka kai shi ƙasar Sipaniya sannan aka kai shi gaban Sarkin Spain Philip II. Sarkin Mutanen Espanya ya yanke shawarar, bisa shawarar Andrea Gasparo Corso, ya kama shi a cikin mallakar Mutanen Espanya na Oran, don amfani da shi lokacin da damar ya taso. Duk da haka, Abd al-Malik ya sami nasarar tserewa daga Oran a cikin shekarar 1573 kuma ya sake komawa daular Usmaniyya.

A cikin Janairu 1574, yayin da yake cikin Constantinople, likitan Faransa Guillaume Bérard ya ceci rayuwar Abd al-Malik a lokacin wata annoba. Hakan ya sa suka zama abokai daga baya. A Lokacin da Abd al-Malik ya zama Sultan, ya tambayi Henry III na Faransa cewa a naɗa Guillaume Bérard karamin jakadan Faransa a Morocco. 

A shekara ta 1574, Abd al-Malik ya shiga cikin mamaye kasar Tunis da Daular Usmaniyya ta yi.  Bayan wannan nasarar, ya sake ziyartar Konstantinoful, kuma ya samu daga sabon sarkin Daular Usmaniyya Murad III, don taimaka masa ta hanyar soja ya dawo kan karagar mulkin Morocco.

Abd al-Malik ya shiga Daular Usmaniyya kuma ya samu damar mamaye kasar Maroko tare da taimakon sojojin daular Usmaniyya mai yawan sojoji 10,000 da aka tura daga Algiers a shekara ta 1576. Sojojin Ottoman sun kama Fez a cikin wannan shekarar.

### Mulkin (1576-1578)
Abd al-Malek ya amince da Sarkin Musulmi Murad III a matsayin Halifansa, kuma ya sake tsara sojojinsa a kan layin Ottoman, ya kuma rungumi al'adun Ottoman, amma ya yi shawarwarin cewa sojojin Ottoman su fice daga kasarsa, a musayar kudi mai yawa na zinariya. 

A wannan lokaci ya yi ƙoƙari ya farfaɗo da kasuwanci tare da Turai musamman Ingila, ya fara ƙawancen Anglo-Morocca da Elizabeth I . A cewar Richard Hakluyt, kamar yadda Edmund Hogan ya faɗa, mai mulki "Abdelmelech" yana da *"ƙaunar al'ummarmu fiye da wasu saboda addininmu, wanda ya hana bautar gumaka"* .  Ya rubuta wasiƙa a cikin Mutanen Espanya zuwa Elizabeth a cikin 1577. 

### Yaƙin Wadi al-Makhazin (1578)
Bayan ya sha kaye a hannun Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik na daya a shekara ta 1576, hambararren sarkin musulmi Abu Abdallah Mohammed na biyu ya samu damar tserewa zuwa kasar Portugal sannan ya shawo kan sarki Sebastian ya kaddamar da yaƙin soji akan kasar Maroko. Yaƙin neman zaɓe ya ci tura, bayan da aka ci su da yaƙi a Yaƙin Wadi al-Makhazin a shekara ta 1578. Yaƙin dai ya kawo ƙarshe ne bayan kwashe kusan sa'o'i huɗu ana gwabza kazamin faɗa, wanda ya yi sanadin fatattakar sojojin Portugal da na Abu Abdallah baki daya, wanda ya yi sanadin mutuwar mutane 8,000 da suka haɗa da kashe kusan baki ɗaya manyan ƙasar, tare da kama 15,000 a matsayin fursuna. Wataƙila waɗanda suka tsira 100 sun yi nasarar tserewyayan zuwa bakin teku. Mutuwar Sebastiyan, Abu Abdallah, da Abd aƙin lik ya sanyawa yaƙin sunan "Yakin Sarakuna Uku".

### Mutuwarsa (1578)
Abd al-Malik ya yi fama da matsanancin rashin lafiya a kwanakin da suka gabato yakin.  Ana tsakar yaƙin, ya mutu a ƙarƙashin yanayi mara kyau, mai yiyuwa a cikin yaƙi ko kuma ta dalilin rashin lafiya. Wasu bayanan da akasari masana tarihi na Moroko sun ce wasu jami’ansa na Turkawa ne suka sanya masa guba a wani bangare na makircin Ottoman, kwatankwacin abin da ya faru da Muhammad al-Shaykh a shekara ta 1557.

## Duba Kuma
* Ahmad al-Mansur

## Manazarta