Florence Petty

**Florence Petty** (1 Disamba 1870 - 18 Nuwamba 1948) ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa ce ta Scotland, marubucin dafa abinci kuma mai watsa labarai. A cikin 1900s, a cikin yankin Somers Town, arewacin London, Petty ya gudanar da aikin jin dadin jama'a don Makarantar St Pancras don Uwa, wanda aka fi sani da Maraba da Iyaye da Babies. Ta gudanar da zanga-zangar dafa abinci ga mata masu aiki don sanya su cikin halin dafa abinci mara tsada da mai gina jiki. Yawancin koyarwar an yi su ne a gidajen mata, don nuna yadda za su yi amfani da ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki da kayan aikinsu. Domin ta koya wa matan da farko yadda ake yin suet puddings — fili, zaƙi da nama—alibanta sun yi mata laƙabi da “The Pudding Lady”. Banda darussan dafa abinci, ta zama ƙwararriyar inspector na tsafta.

Petty ya rubuta game da dafa abinci, ayyukan wallafe-wallafen waɗanda ke da hannu a cikin ayyukan zamantakewa, gami da littafin dafa abinci-The Pudding Lady's Recipe Book, with Practical Hints (1917) - da ƙasida da aka yi nufin jama'a. Duka ƙasidar da littafin sun ƙunshi bayanai masu amfani kan yadda ake yin da kuma amfani da akwatin ciyawa azaman hanyar dafa abinci, inda ake ajiye abinci mai zafi a cikin akwati da aka keɓe don ci gaba da dafawa, nesa da tushen zafi. Petty ya yi aiki a matsayin malami kuma mai baje kolin girki na Ƙungiyar Gyaran Abinci ta Ƙasa, ta zagaya Biritaniya don nuna hanyoyin da za a iya girki masu tsada da kuma gina jiki duk da tashin farashin abinci da ƙarancin abinci da yakin duniya na farko ya kawo. Ta kasance mai watsa shirye-shiryen abinci da kasafin kudi a ƙarshen 1920s da farkon 1930s, a gidan rediyon 2LO na BBC, a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin shirye-shiryen "Maganar Gida" da ke nufin matan aure. Daga 1914 har zuwa tsakiyar 1940s ta zagaya Biritaniya tana ba da jawabai kan abubuwan tattalin arziki da hanyoyin dafa abinci masu tsada.

Petty ta ci gaba da yin aiki har sai da ta mutu a 1948 tana da shekaru 77. Ko da yake babu jaridu da ke ɗauke da labarin mutuwarta, masana tarihi sunyi la'akari da ita a matsayin majagaba na sababbin ayyukan zamantakewa, suna gabatar da sabuwar hanyar koyar da kula da gida. Hanyar da ta bi wajen koyar da amfani da abinci mai gina jiki amma mai arha ya kasance mafarin tsarin da ma'aikatar abinci ta yi amfani da shi a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Florence Petty a Montrose, Forfarshire, akan 1 Disamba 1870. Ita ce ta huɗu cikin 'ya'ya bakwai da aka haifa ga David James Petty, magatakarda a kantin sayar da katako, da Jane Norris (née Levie). Ta zauna a Montrose har zuwa farkon shekarunta 30 lokacin da ta koma Swanley, Kent, inda ta shiga harkar noma. Daga nan ta koma tare da 'yar uwarta, tsohuwar ma'aikaciyar jinya, wacce ke zaune a Tottenham, arewacin London.

Petty ta fara aiki a Makarantar St Pancras don iyaye mata (wanda aka fi sani da Maraba da Iyaye da Babies) wanda ke aiki a cikin yankin Somers Town, arewacin London. Furucin Furles Boot Booth, a cikin taswirar talauci na 1889, rayuwa da aiki na mutane a London da St Pancras suna son "da kuma" matalauta da yawa, marasa laifi. Mazauna yankin sun yi wa yankin lakabi da "karamin jahannama". A farkon karni na ashirin Garin Somers yana da matsanancin talauci; a cikin 1920s yankin ya kasance "daya daga cikin mafi ƙasƙanci a tsakiyar London", in ji masanin tarihin gine-gine Roland Jeffery. A cikin 1924 Basil Jellicoe, mataimaki na Cocin St Mary na gida, ya rubuta game da cunkoso da talauci a yankin; [6] a cikin 1930 wani ɗan jarida ya kwatanta gidaje a matsayin "rabo mai cike da kwari ... mafi munin hovels a London ... inda iyaye mata ke jin tsoron sanya 'ya'yansu su kwanta don tsoron berayen da sauran cututtuka na kowane kwatance. Maraba da Mata da Jarirai sun kasance karkashin St Pancras Mothers' Society' and Infants' Society, ƙungiyar da aka kafa don yaƙar yawan mace-macen jarirai ta hanyar ilimantar da iyaye mata kan abinci mai gina jiki da kula da gida.

Daga cikin sauran ayyukan, Maraba da Iyaye da Jarirai sun ba da darussan dafa abinci ga iyaye mata, amma sun fahimci cewa hakan ba shi da iyaka saboda yawancin matan ba su da kayan aiki ko kayan aiki a gida. An yi amfani da Petty don samar da darussan dafa abinci a cikin gidajen matan, yana nuna yadda za su yi amfani da kayan aiki da kayan aiki. Hanyarta ita ce ta ba da darussa shida don nuna yadda mutane za su iya dafa abinci mai arha amma mai gina jiki; ta tattauna yanayin gida da na kuɗi na iyali kuma ta rubuta jerin abubuwan da ta ziyarta.

## Manazarta