María Salvo Iborra

**María Salvo Iborra** (27 ga Mayu 1920 - 16 Nuwamba 2020) ta kasance mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan Faransa a Spain kuma fitacciyar jaruma a dawo da tarihin tarihi a Catalonia. Ta shafe shekaru goma sha shida a matsayin fursunan siyasa a ƙarƙashin mulkin kama-karya na Franco, kuma daga baya ta zama babbar murya ga matan da suka sha wahala. Salvo ta kasance tare da kafa ƙungiyar *[[Associació Les Dones del 36|Les Dones del 36]]* kuma shugabar ƙungiyar *[[Associació Catalana d'Expresos Polítics del Franquisme]]* .

### Rayuwar Farko da fafutuka
An haifi María Salvo Iborra a Sabadell, Catalonia, a ranar 27 ga Mayu, 1920, cikin iyali mai aiki.   Mahaifinta mai aikin kabad ne wanda ke da hannu a cikin ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata, kuma mahaifiyarta ƙwararriyar Katolika ce, ba ta iya karatu da rubutu ba amma tana da sha'awar ilimin 'ya'yanta.  Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Barcelona, inda María ta fara aiki a matsayin mai ɗaukar kaya tana da shekaru 13 a unguwar Les Corts, daga baya a matsayin mai ɗinki da mai matsawa.   A shekarar 1935, ta ziyarci cibiyoyin al'adu na Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya kuma ta shiga Juventudes Socialistas Unificadas de Cataluña (JSUC).  Da barkewar Yaƙin Basasa na Spain a 1936, ta yi alaƙa da Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT) kuma ta yi aiki a wani taron bita na tufafi na gama gari.   A shekarar 1938, ta zama Sakatare na Farfaganda na Kwamitin Barcelona na JSUC.   Bayan faduwar Catalonia a hannun sojojin Francois a watan Janairun 1939, Salvo ta yi gudun hijira a Faransa.  An tsare ta a sansanonin tsare mutane da dama, ciki har da Le Pouliguen da Moisdon-la-Rivière .  A watan Nuwamban 1939, hukumomin Faransa sun mika ta ga Guardia Civil da ke Bilbao .   

### Ɗaurin kurkuku
Bayan dawowa Spain, Salvo ta ci gaba da ayyukanta na ɓoye tare da Jam'iyyar Haɗin Kan Jama'a ta Catalonia (PSUC).  A ranar 26 ga Satumba 1941 (wasu majiyoyi sun ce a ranar 9 ga Satumba), an kama ta a Madrid tare da wasu mata saboda "makirci ga tsaron cikin gida na Jihar."   Tana da shekaru 21. Ta sha wahala na tsawon kwanaki talatin na azabtarwa a Dirección General de Seguridad (DGS) da ke Madrid, wanda, daga cikin wasu sakamakon, ya sa ba ta iya haihuwa ba.    Da farko, an mayar da Salvo da abokan tafiyarta zuwa gidan yarin Ventas da ke Madrid sannan kuma zuwa gidan yarin Les Corts da ke Barcelona.   A Les Corts, ta yi watanni tara ba tare da an sanar da ita ba. Yanayin ya yi muni, tare da cunkoso mai yawa da rashin tsafta.   

A shekarar 1943, an mayar da ita daga Les Corts zuwa gidan yarin Predicadores da ke Zaragoza, sannan aka mayar da ita Ventas da ke Madrid.  A ranar 15 ga Disamba, 1944, wata kotun soja (Majalisar Yaƙi) ta yanke mata hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru talatin saboda "nuna mata rashin da'a ga tsaron ƙasar," inda ta yi aiki da shekaru goma sha shida.    A lokacin da take tsare, an kuma tsare ta a gidajen yarin Segovia da Alcalá de Henares .    Wani babban wahala a lokacin da aka tsare ta da farko shine zargin ƙarya daga cikin Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Spain (PCE) cewa ta yi aiki tare da 'yan sandan Francoist, wanda ya kai ga kama shugabannin PCE ("Lisbon Group").  Wannan zargi, wanda aka buga a *Mundo Obrero* a shekarar 1943, ya haifar mata da matsananciyar wahala da kuma ware ta daga sauran fursunonin kwaminis na tsawon shekaru da dama. Daga baya an tabbatar da cewa zargin ƙarya ne, musamman ta hanyar takardun hukuncin da aka yanke mata a shari'ar, waɗanda suka yi bayani dalla-dalla game da haɗin gwiwar wasu. 

### Bayan fitowar da kuma ci gaba da fafutuka
An saki Salvo daga gidan yari a shekarar 1957, [1] tare da haramtawa ta komawa Barcelona ko lardinta. [2] An kore ta zuwa Santander . [3] Duk da haka, ta koma Barcelona a ɓoye kuma ta ci gaba da fafutukar siyasa tare da PSUC da ƙungiyar mata. [4] [5] Daga baya ta haɗu ta kuma raba rayuwarta da Domènec Serra, wata 'yar adawa da Francoist . [6] [3] Da zuwan dimokuradiyya, Salvo ta zama fitacciyar mai fafutukar kare tarihi. [7] [8] Ta kasance shugabar ƙungiyar Associació Catalana d'Expresos Politics del Franquisme (ACEPF). [6] [9] A shekarar 1997, tare da Josefina Piquet da sauran waɗanda suka tsira daga Yaƙin Basasa da kuma danne Francoist, ta kafa ƙungiyar Les Dones del 36 . [6] [10] Ƙungiyar ta yi niyyar bayyana abubuwan da mata suka fuskanta a wannan lokacin kuma ta sami kyautar Maria Aurèlia Capmany daga Majalisar Birnin Barcelona a wannan shekarar. [11] Ta yi fafutukar neman wani abin tunawa don tunawa da gidan yarin mata na Les Corts. [11]

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