Sydney Rowell

Laftanar Janar **Sir Sydney Fairbairn Rowell**, KBE , CB (15 ga Disamba 1894 - 12 ga Afrilu 1975) wani soja ne na Australiya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Hafsan Sojoji daga 17 ga Afrilu 1950 zuwa 15 ga Disamba 1954. A matsayinsa na Mataimakin Babban Hafsan Sojoji daga 8 ga Janairu 1946 zuwa 16 ga Afrilu 1950, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a sake tsara Sojojin bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, da kuma a harin kwal na Australiya na 1949. Duk da haka, an fi saninsa da kwamandan da aka kora daga aiki a yakin Kokoda Track.

Yayinda yake matashi, Rowell ya yi aiki a Gallipoli amma an sake shi zuwa Ostiraliya tare da zazzabin typhoid a watan Janairun 1916. Ƙarshen yaƙin ya sami Rowell ƙarami a matsayi ga tsaransa tare da ƙarin bayanan yaƙi, amma ya sami nasarar kamawa a lokacin bayan yaƙin. Rowell ya shafe shekaru biyar tare da Sojojin Burtaniya ko a kwalejojin ma'aikatan Burtaniya, inda ya kafa kyakkyawar hulɗa tare da takwarorinsa na Burtaniya. A shekara ta 1939 an nada shi shugaban ma'aikatan 6th Division sannan daga baya I Corps, yana aiki a wannan matsayin a Yaƙin Girka da yakin Siriya-Lebanon . A shekara ta 1942 ya umarci I Corps a yakin Kokoda Track amma an kore shi. Ya tashi ya zama Babban Jami'in Janar ya nuna cewa yanayin da aka kore shi a shekarar 1942 ya kasance mai ban mamaki.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Sydney Fairbairn Rowell a ranar 15 ga Disamba 1894 a Lockleys, Kudancin Australia, ɗan na huɗu na James Rowell, ɗan Ingila da aka haifa kuma mai kula da kayan lambu wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Sanata daga 1916 zuwa 1922, da matarsa ta biyu ta Australiya Zella Jane née Williams. Ya yi aiki a matsayin 'batman ba bisa ka'ida ba' ga mahaifinsa, wanda ya kasance kwamandan da ke jagorantar Brigade na Kudancin Australia daga 1907 zuwa 1911. Rowell ta yi karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Adelaide kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin cadets na farko da suka shiga Kwalejin Soja ta Royal, Duntroon lokacin da aka buɗe ta a shekara ta 1911. 

## Yaƙin Duniya na farko
A ranar 15 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1914 aka ba Rowell da abokan karatunsa umurni a matsayin mataimakan farko a cikin Australian Imperial Force (AIF).[1] A lokacin, ajin Rowell bai riga ya kammala horar da soja ba. Kwamandan AIF, Manjo Janar William Throsby Bridges, ya yanke shawarar cewa aikin mulki zai gyara wannan rashi, don haka ya sanya cadets na Duntroon a matsayin jami'an soja na AIF, maimakon a matsayin jamiʼan ma'aikata.[2] Kudin wannan yanke shawara ya yi yawa; daga cikin 134 da aka ba da izini a kan lokaci don yin aiki a gaba, an kashe 42 kuma 38 sun ji rauni.[3] An tura cadets zuwa raka'a da aka kafa a jihohin su, don haka an tura Rowell zuwa 10th Infantry Battalion. Lokacin da ya gano cewa dan uwansa, Lieutenant Colonel F. M. Rowell ne zai umarci 3rd Light Horse Regiment, Sydney ya sami izinin musayar wurare tare da wani memba na ajin Duntroon Lieutenant Eric Wilkes Talbot Smith.[4] Ya kasance yanke shawara mai banƙyama; Smith ya ji mummunan rauni a Ranar Anzac.[5][6]

Rowell ya kamu da cutar huhu kuma bai shiga cikin babban jiki na 3rd Light Horse Regiment ba. Maimakon haka, ya tafi tare da ƙarfafawa na farko a kan HMAT *talatin da shida* a ranar 21 ga Disamba, 1914. Rowell ya shiga rundunar a Heliopolis a watan Janairu. A watan da ya biyo baya ya karye ƙafarsa ta hagu a hatsarin hawa. A wani lokaci ya yi kama da Rowell zai sake rasa shiga rundunarsa, amma sa hannun mahaifinsa ya tabbatar da cewa ya isa Anzac Cove tare da 3rd Light Horse a ranar 12 ga Mayu 1915. An kwashe shi lafiya zuwa Misira sannan Malta a watan Yuli, kuma ya koma rundunarsa a Quinn's Post a watan Agusta. An ci gaba da Rowell zuwa matsayin kyaftin na wucin gadi a ranar 9 ga watan Satumba, a takaice ya zama kwamandan ƙungiyar kafin ya zama mai ba da shawara na mulkin kwana uku bayan haka. A watan Nuwamba an sake kwashe Rowell zuwa Misira, a wannan lokacin tare da zazzabin typhoid,  cutar da ta kashe dan uwansa. A ranar 20 ga watan Janairun 1916, an mayar da Rowell zuwa Ostiraliya. Saboda manufofin cewa jami'in yau da kullun, da zarar ya zama mara inganci zuwa Ostiraliya, ba za a iya sake aikawa a kasashen waje ba, lokacin aiki na Rowell ya ƙare. An tura shi, tare da wasu masu karatun Duntroon da yawa waɗanda aka gurbata a gida, zuwa Duntroon, a matsayin malami a Makarantar Horar da Jami'ai. An rufe wannan a watan Yunin 1917 kuma an tura Rowell ga ma'aikatan Gundumar Soja ta 4 a Adelaide.

## Manazarta