Jim O'Neill, Baron O'Neill na Gatley

**Terence James O'Neill, Baron O'Neill na Gatley** (an haife shi 17 ga watan Maris 1957)  masanin tattalin arziki ne kuma ɗan Biritaniya ne wanda aka fi sani da BRICs, acronym dake nufin: Brazil, Rasha, Indiya, da China - kasashe huɗu masu haɓaka cikin sauri. kasashen da ake tunanin za su magance matsalar  tattalin arziki na duniya na G7&nbsp;.  Shi ne kuma tsohon shugaban Goldman Sachs Asset Management kuma tsohon ministan gwamnatin Conservative . A watan Janairu na 2014, shi ne Farfesa na tattalin arziki na Jami'ar Manchester .  An nada shi Sakataren Kasuwanci a Baitulmali a Ma'aikatar Cameron ta Biyu, matsayin da ya rike har ya yi murabus akan aiki a ranar 23 ga Satumba na 2016. Ya jagoranci Binciken Independentancin kai na Burtaniya a cikin Resistance Antimicrobial na tsawon shekaru biyu, wanda ya kammala aikinsa a watan Mayu 2016.  Tun a 2008, ya rubuta ginshiƙai na wata-wata don ƙungiyar watsa labarai ta duniya Project Syndicate .  Shi ne shugaban majalisar Chatham House a lokacin sa, Cibiyar Royal Institute of International Affairs.

## Sana'a
O'Neill ya sami digiri na farko a Arts (BA) a 1977 da digiri na biyu wato Master of Arts (MA) a fannin tattalin arziki duka daga Jami'ar Sheffield a 1978.   Daga baya ya sami digirinsa na uku a Jami'ar Surrey a 1982, tare da wani kasida mai suna *[http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279333 An empirical investigationk into the OPEC surplus and its disposal]* . O'Neill ya fara aikinsa na kudi yana aiki a Bankin Amurka a 1982. A cikin 1985 ya shiga Bankin Marine Midland a matsayin Masanin Tattalin Arziki a Sashen Gudanar da Baitulmali na Duniya. Bayan da kamfanin HSBC ya siya Marine Midland ya komaKamfanin Bankin Swiss a shekarar 1988 inda ya kasance mai kula da tsayayyen rukunin bincike na samun kudin shiga, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban bincike na duniya na SBC.  Ya cigaba da aiki Goldman Sachs&nbsp;1997 kuma an nada shi a matsayin shugaban bincike na tattalin arzikin duniya a&nbsp;2001, wanda kuma a lokacin ne ya Samar da BRIC. Jan Hatsius ya maye gurbin O'Neill a matsayin babban masanin tattalin arziki bayan O'Neill ya koma aiki a Goldman Sachs Asset Management.

A cikin 2010, an nada shi a matsayin shugaban sashin Gudanar da kadarorin Goldman Sachs, sabon matsayi wanda O'Neill yake sarrafa sama da dala biliyan 800 a cikin kadarori ta hanyar "leverag[ing]" saboda "hangen nesan sa akan duniya kan kasuwannin duniya".  Ya ci gaba da buga bincike game da tattalin arzikin duniya, bayan shawarwari da dabaru da yake bama customomin shi masu zuwa siyan hannun jari

niki. An dauki sabon nadin nasa a matsayin alama ce ta "kokarin da Goldman ya yi don sake mayar da kansa ga Wall Street 's irisis era,kici zamanin",da Goldmanoldman SacImani cewa za'a samus cewa kasuwanni masu akoma".  A cikin 2011saka haɗa shi a cmutane ikin 50 Mafi Tasirin Matsayi na Mujallar *Bloomberg Markets* .

Ya yi ritaya daga kamfanin a shekarar 2013.   A halin yanzu yana cikin Hukumar Ba da Shawarwari ta Duniya na Cibiyar Rising Power a Jami'ar Cambridge.  O'Neill shine akan kujeran QFINANCE Strategic Board Advisory Board. Kuma memba a kwamitin Bruegel, cibiyar nazarin tattalin arzikin Turai.  O'Neill shine shugaban Hukumar Ba da Shawarwari na Ƙarfafa Harkokin Kasuwancin Ƙasar Manchester, wanda ke ba da shawara game da ci gaban tattalin arzikin Greater Manchester .  A ranar 2 ga Yuli 2014, Fira Ministan Burtaniya David Cameron ne ya nada shi don ya jagoranci kwamitin kasa da kasa don gudanar da bincike kan antimicrobial resistance na duniya.  A cikin 2014, O'Neill ya sami lambar girmamawa ta Litt. D. Digiri na Jami'ar Sheffield don karramawa akan gudummawar da yake bayarwa ga tattalin arzikin duniya.  Yana da digiri na girmamawa daga Cibiyar Ilimi ta Jami'ar London, don taimakon da yake yi akan ilimi, kuma daga Jami'ar City London don ayyukansa na banki da kudi. 

A cikin 2018, Lord O'Neill ya wallafa littafin *Superbugs: An Arms Race Against Bacteria* tare da Anthony McDonnell da Will Hall, wanda ya ba da labarin cututtukan da ke jurewa miyagun ƙwayoyi kuma ya zayyana hanyoyin magance su kuma  yace ya zama dole a dakatar da su. 

### Gidan Iyayengiji
A cikin 2015, an ƙirƙire shi a Matsayin Rayuwa kamar **Baron O'Neill na Gatley**, *na Gatley a cikin gundumar kasar Greater Manchester*,  sannan ya zabi matsayi wanda ba'a biya ba a cikin Gwamnatin HM a matsayin Sakataren Kasuwanci ga Baitulmali .   A cikin wannan rawar gani da yayi, aikin farko na O'Neill shi ne yin aiki kan aikin samar da wutar lantarki ta Arewa da kuma taimakawa don sake karfafa kasuwanci da kasar Sin . Bayan murabus din David Cameron a matsayin firaminista da ya gaje shi, Theresa May, ya ci gaba da rike O'Neill. A cikin 2016, O'Neill ya yi murabus saboda damuwar cewa May ba ta da niyyar aiwatar da aikin samar da wutar lantarki ta Arewa, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama memba na farko a ma'aikatar May da ya yi murabus. 

O'Neill yayi aiki a House of Lords as a Conservative life peer daga 28 Mayu na 2015 zuwa 23 Satumba na 2016. Bayan ya bar Conservatives, sannan yayi aiki a Matsayin  non-affiliated member of the House of Lords 23 gawatan Satumba na 2016zuwa 9 watan Oktoba na 2017, sa 'annan kuma yayi aiki a matsayin mamba nacrossbenchers tun 9 ga watan Oktoba na 2017.

## Ra'ayin tattalin arziki
O'Neill ya yi iƙirarin ba zai yi wani takamaiman akidar kuɗi ba; a maimakon haka, an san shi don hangen nesa na "pragmatic, dogon lokaci" na kasuwannin kudin waje . Ya inganta akan tsarin nazarin bayanai na gargajiya ta hanyar haɗa abubuwa waɗanda a ƙarshe zasu zama daidai. 

### BRICs

O'Neill ya kirkiro kalmar " BRIC " a ciki&nbsp; shekarar 2001  lokacin "Duniya Na Bukatar Ingantaccen Tattalin Arziki BRICs", takarda da aka rubuta don jerin "Takardar Tattalin Arziki na Duniya" na Goldman Sachs, akan tattalin arzikin "BRIC" huɗu masu tasowa Brazil, Rasha, Indiya, da China . 

### Kasuwannin canjin kudin waje
An kira O'Neill " guru na kuɗi "; An yaba masa a matsayin "babban masanin tattalin arziki na musayar kudin waje a ko'ina a duniya a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata". Misali, a &nbsp;2004 ya yi hasashe daidai da cewa Yuro zai tashi daga $1.25 zuwa $1.30 a shekaran baya; kuma ya cinka daidai game da hauhawar yen a tsakiyar 1990s.  A baya ya kasance shugaban binciken tattalin arzikin duniya da kayayyaki da bincike dabarun Goldman Sachs. 

### Goma sha ɗaya na gaba
Goma sha ɗaya na gaba (wanda kuma aka sani da lambar N-11) sune ƙasashe goma sha ɗaya - Bangladesh, Masar, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Koriya ta Kudu, Turkiyya, da Vietnam - wanda Jim O'Neill ya gano a cikin wata bincike da yayi a matsayin yuwuwar zama kasashe mafi karfin tattalin arziki na duniya, tare da kasashen BRICS, a cikin manyan kasashe masu karfin tattalin arziki na duniya a karni na 21.  Bankin ya zaɓi waɗannan kasashen ne taretare da kyakkyawan hangen nesa don saka hannun jari da ci gaba, a ranar 12 ga Disamba 2005.

Sharuɗɗan da aka yi amfani da su sune kwanciyar hankali na tattalin arziki, balaga na siyasa, buɗaɗɗen manufofin kasuwanci da saka hannun jari, da ingancin ilimi. Takardar N-11 bibiya ce ga takardar bankin na 2003 kan tattalin arzikin "BRIC" guda hudu masu tasowa.  

### MIKT
A cikin 2011, O'Neill ya kirkiro kalmar MIKT (ana kuma amfani da MIST) don ƙasashen Mexico, Indonesia, Koriya ta Kudu, da Turkiyya.      Kalmar ta ɓace gaba daya, bayan an maye gurbin ta da MINT (duba ƙasa).

### MINT
A cikin 2013, O'Neill kuma ya ƙirƙira kalmar MINT - Mexico, Indonesia, Najeriya, da Turkiyya - don bambanta tsakanin ire-iren ƙasashe masu tasowa.  Yana shirin hada wannan kwata-kwata a matsayin "kasuwannin ci gaba" a cikin kasashen BRIC gaba daya. A cikin Janairu 2014, O'Neill ya gabatar da jerin shirye-shiryen kashi huɗu akan wannan batu don Rediyon BBC mai suna *MINT: Giants na Tattalin Arziki na gaba* . 

## Rayuwa ta sirri

O'Neill ya girma a Gatley kuma ya halarci Burnage Comprehensive da Jami'ar Sheffield, inda ya karanta tattalin arziki.  O'Neill mai sha'awar ƙwallon ƙafa ne kuma ya buga wa ƙungiyar farko ta Bankin Amurka a London. Mabiyin Manchester United FC ne na tsawon rayuwarsa kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin darekta mara zartarwa daga 2004 zuwa 2005, kafin a mayar da kulob din mallakin wani.  A ranar 2 Maris 2010, Red Knights, ƙungiyar masu arziki Manchester United magoya bayan sun yi imanin sun hada da O'Neill, sun tabbatar da sha'awar yiwuwar karbe kulob din. 

## Duba kuma

* BRIC
* Tattalin Arziki masu tasowa da haɓaka (EAGLEs)
* Kasuwanni masu tasowa
* Goldman Sachs
* MINT (tattalin arziki)

###### Manazarta