Kasuwancin muggan kwayoyi a Seychelles

Kasar Seychelles tsibiri ce mai faffadan yankin teku, wacce ta kunshi tsibirai 115 da Yankin Tattalin Arziki na Musamman na murabba'in kilomita miliyan 137.  Yawan shan kwayoyi a ƙasar ya yi yawa kuma kasar na fama da annobar tabar heroin, wanda ya kai kashi 10% na ma'aikatan da ke amfani da tabar heroin a shekarar 2019.  Saboda wurin da yake kan babbar hanyar safarar miyagun kwayoyi, ana iya safarar muggan kwayoyi cikin sauƙi ta teku zuwa Seychelles.

## Tarihi
Martanin tsaro a tekun Seychelles ya dogara ne akan fashin teku har zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 2000, amma yayin da al'amuran fashin teku suka ragu, fataucin miyagun kwayoyi a teku ya fi mayar da hankali. 

### Hanyar Kudu
A Seychelles, maganin tabar heroin ne aka fi amfani da shi, kuma an kiyasta cewa kasar ce ta fi kowacce ƙasa yawan amfani da tabar heroin a duk duniya.  Ana samar da maganin ne da farko a Afghanistan kuma ana safarar su zuwa Seychelles da sauran kananan jihohin tsibiran da ke yammacin Tekun Indiya ta hanyar Kudancin kasar.   Da yake ɗaukar matakin tashi a Afghanistan, Hanyar Kudancin yana tafiya da farko zuwa Indiya, Afirka, da Turai ta Pakistan ko Iran, kuma a cikin 2018 wannan hanyar ta ɗauki 6% na adadin magunguna na duniya.  Kasar Seychelles ta kara zama wata manufa ta fataucin miyagun kwayoyi ta hanyar Kudancin kasar, sakamakon karuwar shan muggan kwayoyi a kasar, da saukin shigarta a matsayin hanyar safarar miyagun kwayoyi, da kuma arziƙin ƙasar idan aka kwatanta da sauran ƙasashen yammacin tekun Indiya.

Yankin yammacin Tekun Indiya ya fuskanci karuwar al'amuran tsaro na teku saboda babbar hanyar fasa kwauri: kama wani tan na tabar heroin a gabar tekun gabashin Afirka a shekarar 2014 ya nuna muhimmancin wannan hanya. 

## Amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi
Amfani da tabar heroin ya karu sosai a Seychelles tun lokacin da aka gabatar da tabar heroin a kasuwannin cikin gida a 2005; tsakanin 2011 da 2019, masu amfani da tabar heroin sun karu daga 1200 zuwa tsakanin 5000 da 6000, wanda shine kusan kashi 10% na yawan masu aiki.  Ana kuma amfani da tabar wiwi sosai a Seychelles, kuma yawan shan hodar iblis yana karuwa.

A shekara ta 2017, an gabatar da Dokar Rigakafin Muggan Muggan Kwayoyi da Gyaran Muggan Kwayoyi, 2017 don kafa wata hukuma da za ta ba da rigakafi, jiyya da gyara ga mutanen da ke shan muggan kwayoyi da barasa a Seychelles. 

Baya ga ƙaruwar amfani da muggan kwayoyi, jihar tsibirin tana ba da rahoton karuwar yawan masu yin jima'i, da ƙaruwar yaɗuwar cutar kanjamau, da yaduwar cutar hanta.

## Martani

### Ƙasa
Fataucin muggan kwayoyi na daga cikin ajandar gwamnatin Seychelles domin rage laifukan da ke barazana ga tattalin arziƙin ƙasar da kuma tsaron kasar. 

Dokar rashin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi, 2016 ta tsara hukuncin fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi.  Heroin da hodar Iblis an rarraba su azaman magungunan Class A, wanda ke haifar da hukunci mai tsauri fiye da Cannabis wanda aka rarraba azaman maganin Class B.  Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Seychelles ya rubuta cewa Seychelles ba ta da juriya kan kwayoyi da matsakaicin hukunci kamar yadda dokar rashin amfani da muggan kwayoyi ta tsara, 2016 don fataucin muggan kwayoyi shine daurin rai da rai ga wani magani na Class A da kuma daurin shekaru 50 a gidan yari na wani magani na Class B.   Shari’ar farko da ta shafi daurin rai-da-rai kan safarar miyagun kwayoyi ta kasance a shekarar 2015, inda aka samu wasu maza 2 na Seychelles dauke da tabar wiwi kilogiram 47. ￼

#### Ofishin Anti-Narcotics
Hukumar yaki da fataucin miyagun kwayoyi ta kasa (NDEA) ta dauki nauyin yaki da safarar miyagun kwayoyi har zuwa lokacin da aka kafa hukumar yaki da fataucin miyagun kwayoyi (ANB) a shekarar 2018.  ANB wani hadadden bangare ne na 'yan sandan Seychelles da ke gudanar da ayyukan yaki da miyagun kwayoyi a cikin kasar, tana da wani muhimmin bangaren ruwa, ikon 'yan sanda da ikon kamawa.   ANB akai-akai yana aiki tare da Seychelles Coast Guard, wanda ke gudanar da ayyukan sojan ruwa a cikin ruwan Seychelles akai-akai kuma shine ke da alhakin magance ayyukan 'yan fashin teku.

### Yanki
Tun lokacin da fashin teku ya ragu a matsayin wani babban batu a yankin, yaki da fataucin miyagun kwayoyi ya ɗauki fifiko, kuma Seychelles na hada kai da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki a yankin don yakar sa.  A halin yanzu, Kwamitin Ad-Hoc na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Tekun Indiya da Ƙungiyar Rim ta Indiya (IORA) sun ba da tsarin ƙungiyoyin da suka dace don haɓaka manufofin tsaro na teku, amma tasirin su yana da iyaka. 

Akwai wasu ayyuka da dama na yankin da masu ba da agaji na ƙasa da ƙasa ke jagoranta kamar Ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai yaƙi da muggan kwayoyi da laifuffuka (UNODC), Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Ruwa ta Duniya (IMO) da EU da nufin magance fataucin miyagun kwayoyi a yammacin Tekun Indiya.  UNODC ta kafa dandalin tattaunawa kan laifuffukan ruwa (IOFMC) da ke mai da hankali kan matakan inganta tsaro a tekun yankin. Ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da aka mayar da hankali ga IOFMC shine fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi tare da Hanyar Kudu.  Shekaru da yawa, Shirin UNODC na Duniya na Laifukan Maritime yana ba da darussan horar da doka na teku ga Guard Coast Seychelles.  

Ana kalubalantar hana safarar muggan kwayoyi sakamakon yadda jiragen ruwan ke bi ta cikin ruwa na kasa da kasa inda jami'an tsaron gabar teku ko ANB ba su da ikon 'yan sanda.  Yawanci ana safarar magungunan ne a cikin kwal-kwale, wanda ke sa samun wahalar samu yayin binciken jirgin ruwa 

### Cin hanci da rashawa
Duk da cewa an aiwatar da matakan magance matsalar fataucin muggan kwayoyi, amma ana samun takuran nasara saboda cin hanci da rashawa.  Seychelles, tare da Mauritius, sun yi fice daga sauran kasashen gabashin Afirka saboda kasuwannin magunguna suna haifar da cin hanci da rashawa wanda, bi da bi, yana hana ingantaccen martani na manufofin. Duk da kafa hukumar yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa a shekarar 2016, babu wata shari’a da ta shafi cin hanci da rashawa da aka gurfanar, kuma cin hanci da rashawa na ci gaba da barazana ga jami’an tsaro da hukumomin gwamnati; An ga jami’an ‘yan sanda suna karɓar cin hanci yayin da ake fuskantar cikas a binciken ‘yan kasuwar miyagun kwayoyi.  Laifukan cin hanci da rashawa da wuya su kai ga muhawarar jama'a saboda Seychelles 'ba ta da 'yan jaridu masu zaman kansu.

## Manazarta