Cin hanci da rashawa a Botswana

**Cin hanci da rashawa a [[Botswana]]** galibi ana daukar shi a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi ƙasƙanci a Afirka. Koyaya, ba a kawar da cin hanci da rashawa ba kuma har yanzu ana iya ganinsa a bangarori daban-daban na gwamnati da kuma nau'o'i daban-daban. Duk da yunkurin yaki da cin hanci da rashawa, cin hanci na rashawa a Botswana ya fara kara muni. Mafi yawan nau'ikan cin hanci da rashawa sune nepotism ko patronage.

## Yankin
Gaskiya ta Gaskiya ta Duniya ta 2024 ta ba Botswana maki 57 a kan sikelin daga 0 ("mai cin hanci da rashawa") zuwa 100 ("mai tsabta sosai"). Lokacin da aka tsara ta hanyar ci, Botswana ta kasance ta 43 a cikin kasashe 180 a cikin Index, inda ake ganin ƙasar da ta kasance ta farko tana da bangaren jama'a mafi gaskiya. Don kwatanta da ƙididdigar yanki, matsakaicin ƙididdiga tsakanin ƙasashen Afirka na kudu da Sahara  ya kasance 33. Mafi kyawun sakamako a yankin Sahara na Afirka ya kasance 72 kuma mafi munin sakamako ya kasance 8. Botswana ta daura da Rwanda don matsayi na uku mafi girma a Afirka ta Kudu, bayan Seychelles da Cape Verde. Don kwatanta da ƙididdigar duniya, mafi kyawun ƙuri'a shine 90 (ranked 1), matsakaicin ƙuri'u shine 43, kuma mafi munin ƙuri'un shine 8 (ranked 180). 

The Business Anti-Corruption Portal, ya sanya Botswana a matsayin matsakaici dangane da yawan cin hanci da rashawa da aka gani a kasar. Tashar Kasuwancin Kasuwanci ta ci gaba, tana mai bayyana cewa bangarorin gwamnati da yawa, kamar su ayyukan Shari'a, 'Yan sanda, Shari'a, ayyukan jama'a, Gudanar da Haraji da Sayen Jama'a duk suna ganin haɗarin cin hanci da rashawa.A cikin Rahoton Gasar Duniya na 2019 Botswana ta kasance 113/141 a cikin aikin jama'a kuma ta kasance 32/141 a cikin Bayyanawa.A cikin Rahoton Gasar Duniya da aka gudanar a cikin shekarun 2011 da 2012, an ba da rahoton cewa cin hanci da rashawa a Botswana yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi rikitarwa idan ya zo ga yin kasuwanci a kasar.

Cin hanci da rashawa ya ga karuwar karuwa a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, yayin da binciken da Transparency International da Afrobarometer suka gudanar a cikin 2015 suka bayyana cewa kashi 1% na 'yan ƙasar Botswana sun biya cin hanci a cikin watanni 12 da suka gabata don hidimar jama'a, wanda a cikin 2019, ya karu zuwa 7%.

Binciken ya kuma bayyana cewa kashi 39% na mazaunan Botswana suna tunanin cewa mutane a cikin sassan 'yan sanda suna da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa, raguwa daga kashi 54% a cikin 2015. Kashi 39% na mazaunan Botswana suna tunanin cewa jami'an gwamnati suna da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa, karuwa daga kashi 29% a cikin 2015, kuma kashi 28% na mazaunan Botsuana suna tunanin cewa mambobin majalisa suna da hannu a cikin cin hancin da rashawa. 

Bugu da ƙari, a cikin 2019, kashi 52% na mazaunan Botswana sun bayyana cewa cin hanci da rashawa ya karu a cikin ƙasarsu, kashi 20% sun ce ya ragu, kashi 17% sun ce ya kasance iri ɗaya, kuma kashi 11% ba tare da amsa ba, yayin da a cikin binciken 2015, kashi 51% na mazauna sun ce akwai karuwar cin hanci leki, kashi 24% sun ce ya rage, kashi 14% suna tunanin ya kasance iri daya kuma 11% ba tare tare da amsawa ba.

### Hanyoyin cin hanci da rashawa
Cin hanci da rashawa a Botswana an fi amfani da shi ne ta hanyar ƙananan, manyan jihohi. Wadannan mutane ne suka yi amfani da ikonsu don ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin sadarwar tallafi kuma suna da bukatun bangarorin gwamnati da masu zaman kansu tare. Yaki da wannan nau'in cin hanci da rashawa yana da wuyar gaske. Ya fi karfi a cikin gwamnatin jihar da masana'antu masu zaman kansu, kuma ƙananan 'yan tsiraru da ke amfana daga wannan cin hanci da rashawa na iya amfani da ikonsu don tabbatar da cewa yana ci gaba. Nepotism da patronage sune hanyoyin da aka fi so na waɗannan fitattun jihohi.

Botswana kuma ta sha wahala daga karamin cin hanci da rashawa. Koyaya, wannan nau'in cin hanci da rashawa yawanci ana ganinsa da wuya kuma ana ganin shi ƙasa ne. A cikin 2016, Ma'aikatar Ilimi da Ci gaban Kwarewa ta kashe pula miliyan 600 ba tare da amincewa daga Majalisar ba, kuma ta sanya bangaren ilimi na Botswana cikin haɗarin kudi.

## Kokarin yaki da cin hanci da rashawa
Cin hanci da rashawa a Botswana da farko ana binciken ta da Darakta kan Cin Hanci da rashi da laifukan tattalin arziki (DCEC). Saboda Darakta kan Cin Hanci da rashawa ne cewa Botswana ta iya kasancewa a ƙasa a kan sikelin cin hanci da rashi. Wannan ya faru ne saboda yawan masu gabatar da kara da Darakta kan Cin Hanci da Cin Hanci na Tattalin Arziki ke iya cimma. Don taimakawa wajen yaki da cin hanci da rashawa, Botswana kuma memba ne na Kungiyar Anti-Money Laundering ta Gabas da Kudancin.

Mokgweetsi Masisi, Shugaban Botswana daga 2018 zuwa 2024, ya kuma taimaka wajen yaki da cin hanci da rashawa a kasarsa. A wani taron yanki da aka keɓe don yaki da cin hanci da rashawa a nahiyar Afirka, Masisi ya ba da jawabi a matsayin baƙo mai daraja, inda ya yi kira ga gwamnatoci da su aiwatar da manufofin yaki da cin Hanci da rashi. Wadannan manufofi za su buƙaci tsarin lissafi na ciki da na binciken, cibiyoyin yaki da cin hanci da rashawa masu ƙarfi don samar da kulawa, da kuma mulkin doka da tsarin da ya dace. Masisi ya kuma bayyana hanyoyi daban-daban da kasarsa ta dauka wajen yaki da cin hanci da rashawa, wanda ya hada da kirkirar kotun ta musamman kawai don aikata laifuka na cin hanci, da kuma wasu ayyukan shari'a daban-daban, kamar Dokar Whistle Blower da Dokar Proceeds and Instruments of Crime . 

Idan ya zo ga wasu Tsarin shari'a da ayyukan da aka zartar don yaki da cin hanci da rashawa a kasar, wanda aka fi lura da shi shine Dokar Cin Hanci da Cin Hanci na Tattalin Arziki ta 1994. Wannan aikin ya kirkiro Darakta kan Cin Hanci da Kasuwanci (DCEC), wanda ya jagoranci kokarin yaki da cin hanci da rashawa a Botswana, kuma ya ba Darakta ikonta. Dokar Cin Hanci da Cin Hanci na Tattalin Arziki tana da wasu iko da yawa, kamar haramta neman, karɓar da karɓar biyan kuɗi tare da manufar sarrafa ma'aikacin gwamnati. Wasu karin iko na CECA sun hada da kariya mai yawa.

## Bayanan da aka ambata