Avijit Roy

**Avijit Roy** (Bengali: অভিজিৎ রায়; 12 September 1972 – 26 February 2015) injiniyan Ba-Amurke ɗan Bangladesh ne, ɗan gwagwarmayar kan layi, marubuci, kuma mawallafi da aka sani don ƙirƙira da gudanar da Mukto-Mona, al'umman rubutun ra'ayin kanka a yanar gizo don masu ra'ayin 'yanci na Bangladeshi, masu ra'ayin ra'ayi, masu shakka, waɗanda basu yarda da Allah ba, da 'yan adamtaka.  Roy ya kasance mai ba da ra'ayin 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki a Bangladesh kuma ya hada zanga-zangar kasa da kasa don nuna adawa da cece-kucen gwamnati da daure masu rubutun ra'ayin addini. Wasu mahara dauke da adduna ne suka kashe shi a birnin Dhaka na kasar Bangladesh a ranar 26 ga watan Fabrairun 2015; Kungiyar ta'addanci ta Ansarullah Bangla Team ta dauki alhakin kai harin.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Avijit Roy ɗan Ajoy Roy ne, farfesa a fannin kimiyyar lissafi a Jami'ar Dhaka, wanda ya sami lambar yabo ta Ekushey Padak .  Avijit ya sami digiri na farko a fannin injiniya daga BUET,   da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin aikin injiniya na kiwon lafiya daga Jami'ar Kasa ta Singapore.

## Ayyuka
A cikin 2006, ya koma Atlanta, Georgia, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin injiniyan software.

### Mukto-Mona
Roy shine wanda ya kafa  shafin yanar gizon Bangladesh Mukto-Mona, wanda aka zaba don kyautar The Bobs (Mafi kyawun Blogs) a cikin Mafi kyawun Ayyukan Yanar Gizo na Yanar Gida.   Da farko kungiya ce ta Yahoo! a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2001, amma ta zama shafin yanar gizo a shekara ta 2002.

Roy ya bayyana rubuce-rubucensa a matsayin "taboo" a Bangladesh. Ya sami barazanar mutuwa daga masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo masu tsatstsauran ra'ayi saboda labaransa da littattafansa. Rokomari.com, wani shafin yanar gizo na e-commerce na Bangladesh, ya daina sayar da littattafan Roy bayan mai shi ya sami barazanar mutuwa daga masu Islama.  

### zanga-zangar da bayar da shawarwari

Wata kungiya ta Bangladesh, Blogger da Online Activist Network (BOAN), sun fara zanga-zangar Shahbag ta 2013 wacce ta nemi hukuncin kisa ga shugaban Islama da mai aikata laifukan yaki Abdul Quader Molla, da kuma cire Jamaat-e-Islami daga siyasa. Kungiyoyin Islama sun amsa ta hanyar shirya zanga-zangar da ke kira ga a kashe "masu rubutun ra'ayin Allah" da ake zargi da zagi Islama da kuma gabatar da Dokar saɓo. Yawancin masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo wadanda suka goyi bayan zanga-zangar Shahbag sun kai hari, kuma kungiyoyin Islama sun kashe Ahmed Rajib Haider a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 2013. Wata daya kafin zanga-zangar, matasa hudu da Anwar Al-Awlaki ya rinjaye su a waje da gidansa,  kuma Sunnyur Rahman, wanda aka fi sani da *Nastik Nobi* ("Annabi mai musun wanzuwar Allah"), an yi masa wuka a ranar 7 ga Maris 2013. 

Asif Mohiuddin, wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta BOBs don gwagwarmayar kan layi, ya kasance a cikin jerin sunayen Islama wanda ya hada da farfesa a fannin zamantakewa Shafiul Islam. Hukumar Kula da Sadarwar Sadarwar Bangladesh ta rufe shafin yanar gizonsa, kuma an daure shi saboda ya wallafa "magana mai banƙyama game da Islama da Muhammadu".   Gwamnatin duniya ta kama wasu masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo da yawa, kuma ta toshe kusan shafukan yanar gizo da shafukan yanar gizo goma sha biyu kuma ta ba da kariya ga 'yan sanda ga wasu masu rubutun labarai.

Kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, ciki har da Human Rights Watch,  Amnesty International,  Reporters Without Borders  da Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida  sun yi Allah wadai da ɗaurin masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo da yanayin tsoro ga' yan jarida.

Roy ya rubuta cewa ya yi fushi da cewa kafofin watsa labarai na Bangladesh sun nuna matasa masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo a matsayin "masu cin amana a idon jama'a"  kuma ya rubuta wa kafofin watsa labarai da Yammacin Turai, Cibiyar Bincike,  da Ƙungiyar Humanist da Ethical Union  don tallafi. Roy ya ci gaba da daidaita zanga-zangar kasa da kasa a Dhaka, Birnin New York, Washington, DC, London, Ottawa, da sauran biranen don tallafawa masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo da aka tsare. Marubutan, masu gwagwarmaya, da fitattun masu ra'ayin addini da masu ilimi a duniya sun haɗu da shi ciki har da Salman Rushdie, Taslima Nasrin, Hemant Mehta, Maryam Namazie, PZ Myers, Anu Muhammad, Ajoy Roy, Qayyum Chowdhury, Ramendu Majumdar da Muhammad Zafar Iqbal a fili suna nuna hadin kai ga masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo da aka kama.

## Kisan kai
A cikin 2015, Roy ya tafi Dhaka tare da matarsa Bonya Ahmed a lokacin Ekushey Book Fair .  A yammacin ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, shi da Bonya suna dawowa gida daga baje kolin ta hanyar keken keke. Da misalin karfe 8:30 na yamma, an kai musu hari a kusa da Cibiyar Malami da Dalibai ta Jami'ar Dhaka ta hanyar masu kai farmaki da ba a san su ba. A cewar shaidu, maharan biyu sun tsaya kuma sun ja su daga rickshaw zuwa hanya kafin su buge su da machetes. An buge Roy kuma an yi masa wuka da makamai masu kaifi a kai. An yanke matarsa a kafaɗarta, kuma an yanke yatsun hannunta na hagu. Dukansu biyu an garzaya da su zuwa Asibitin Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya na Dhaka, inda aka bayyana Roy ya mutu a kusa da 10:30 na yamma. Ahmed ya tsira. A wata hira da BBC's Newshour, ta ce 'yan sanda sun tsaya kusa lokacin da aka kai musu hari amma ba su yi aiki ba.&nbsp;&nbsp;

A cikin wani sakon Twitter a ranar da ya mutu, wata kungiya ta Islama da ake kira Ansar Bangla-7 ta dauki alhakin kisan. An ce Ansar Bangla-7 kungiya ce kamar Kungiyar Ansarullah Bangla .  Mahaifin Roy ya gabatar da karar kisan kai ba tare da sunayen wadanda ake zargi ba a Shahbagh a ranar 27 ga Fabrairu 2015. Majiyoyin 'yan sanda sun bayyana cewa suna binciken wata kungiya ta Islama ta yankin da ta yaba da kisan.

An ajiye gawar Avijit ne a Aparajeyo Bangla a gaban Faculty of Arts a Jami'ar Dhaka a ranar 1 ga Maris, 2015, inda mutane daga sassa daban-daban na rayuwa, ciki har da abokansa, dangi, mashawarta, malamai, da dalibai, suka taru da furanni don girmama marubucin.  Kamar yadda Roy ya so, an mika jikinsa ga Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Dhaka don binciken likita.

A ranar 6 ga Maris, 2015, wata tawaga mai mutane hudu daga Hukumar Bincike ta Tarayya (FBI), tare da mambobin reshen ‘yan sandan Bangladesh, sun duba wurin da aka kashe Roy. Wakilan FBI sun tattara shaidu daga wurin kuma sun dauki faifan don taimakawa wajen gudanar da bincike.

A ranar 3 ga Mayu, 2015, shugaban Al-Qaeda a yankin Indiya (AQIS) ya dauki alhakin kisan Roy da kuma mutuwar wasu "masu sabo" a Bangladesh a wani rahoto da kungiyar SITE Intelligence Group ta buga. 

### Kaddamarwa
A ranar 2 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2015, rundunar Rapid Action Battalion ta kama Farabi Shafiur Rahman, mai tsattsauran ra'ayi na Islama. An yi imanin cewa Farabi ya raba bayanan sirri na Roy, gami da wurin, tare da maharan. Rahman ya yi wa Roy barazana sau da yawa ta hanyar shafukan yanar gizo da shafukan sada zumunta ciki har da Facebook, kuma ya ce za a kashe Roy lokacin da ya isa Dhaka.

Gwamnatin Bangladesh ta yanke shawarar neman taimako daga FBI don bincikar kisan Roy. An dauki matakin ne biyo bayan tayin da Amurka tayi.

A ranar 18 ga watan Agustan shekarar 2015, an kama wasu mambobi uku na kungiyar Ansarullah Bangla, ciki har da wani dan kasar Burtaniya mai suna Touhidur Rahman, wanda 'yan sanda suka bayyana a matsayin "babban mai shirya harin da aka kai kan Avijit Roy da Ananta Bijoy Das", dangane da kisan biyun.

A watan Fabrairun 2021, an yanke wa shugabanni biyar da mambobin kungiyar Ansar al-Islam hukuncin kisa da kuma hukuncin daurin rai da rai kan kisan Roy.

### Halin da aka yi
Bayan rasuwar Roy, dalibai da yawa, malamai, masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo, da kuma duk faɗin ƙasar sun taru a Jami'ar Dhaka, suna neman kama masu kisan da sauri. Mukto-Mona ya rubuta a cikin Bengali "Muna baƙin ciki amma za mu shawo kan".

Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Stéphane Dujarric, ya yi Allah wadai da kisan, inda ya ce, “A kan harin da marubucin ya kai, mun tattauna da takwarorinmu na kare hakkin bil’adama wadanda suka yi Allah wadai da harin, tare da bayyana fatan za a gaggauta hukunta wadanda suka kai harin ta hanyar bin doka da oda".

Shugaban kungiyar Reporters Without Borders Asia-Pacific ya bayyana cewa, "Mun yi matukar kaduwa da wannan ta'asar" ya kuma kara da cewa, "Ba abin yarda ba ne ga ['yan sanda] su shafe lokaci mai tsawo suna binciken gidajen labarai, da kama 'yan jarida, binciken labarai da binciken masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo a lokacin da yawancin hare-haren da ake kaiwa masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo ba a hukunta su ba." 

Shugabar kamfanin Index on Censorship, Jodie Ginsberg, ta ce: "Tausayinmu yana tare da dangin Avijit Roy. An yi wa Roy hari ne kawai don ya bayyana imaninsa, kuma mutuwarsa ta yi matukar kaduwa kuma mun yi Allah wadai da irin wadannan kashe-kashe. "

Jami'in kula da shirin Asiya na kwamitin kare 'yan jarida ya bayyana cewa, "Wannan harin alama ce ta al'adar rashin adalci da ta mamaye kasar Bangladesh, inda rashin daukar mataki a hare-haren da aka kai kan 'yan jarida a baya ya ci gaba da haifar da mummunan yanayin tashin hankali.

Kungiyoyin 'yan Adam sun nuna tsoro game da mutuwar Roy. Babban wakilin Cibiyar Bincike na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya ce, "Avijit ya kasance mai basira, eh, kuma mai ba da shawara ga 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da rashin addini, amma kuma mutum ne mai kyau. "  Andrew Copson na Ƙungiyar Humanist ta Burtaniya, wanda ya ba Roy da sauran masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo lambar yabo ta 'yancin kai a cikin 2014,  ya ce,  "Tare da mutuwar Avijit, Bangladesh ta rasa ba kawai ɗa ba kawai ba, amma mai ba da goyon bayan haƙƙin ɗan adam da daidaito ga dukan mutanenta. "

Babban kwamishinan Biritaniya Robert Gibson ya bayyana damuwarsa a cikin wani sako da ya wallafa a shafinsa na twitter yana mai cewa, “Na yi matukar kaduwa da kisan gillar da aka yi wa Avijit Roy, ganin yadda na ji duk tashe-tashen hankula da suka faru a Bangladesh a ‘yan watannin nan".

A cikin Disamba 2021, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta ba da sanarwar bayar da ladan $5m ga duk wanda ya kai ga harin ta'addancin da aka kai kan Roy da Ahmed.

## Kyauta
A cikin 2018, Gidauniyar 'Yanci Daga Addini ta gabatar da lambar yabo ta Avijit Roy Courage Award na shekara-shekara, wacce aka ba wa "mutane da ke aiki don yada maganganu masu ma'ana da ma'ana, kuma sun gane mutane masu kirkire-kirkire da jaruntaka wadanda suka dage, duk da matsaloli, a cikin aikinsu na inganta kimiyya, dabaru, da ra'ayoyin mutuntaka".

## Ayyuka

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## Dubi kuma
 

* Hare-haren da aka kai wa masu zaman kansu a Bangladesh
* Kisan Sagar Sarowar da Meherun Runi
* Rashin amincewa da siyasa na masu adawa da yanar gizo
* Jerin 'yan jarida da aka kashe a Bangladesh

## Bayanan da aka ambata