Helen Porter

**Helen Kemp Porter** (née **Archbold**, daga baya **Huggett**; 10 Nuwamba 1899 - 7 Disamba 1987) ta kasance masanin ilimin tsire-tsire na Burtaniya daga Kwalejin Imperial ta London . Ta kasance Fellow na Royal Society kuma mace ta farko da aka nada a matsayin farfesa a Kwalejin Imperial ta London . Nazarinta na polysaccharide metabolism a cikin shuke-shuke na taba ya kasance mai ban sha'awa; ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin masana kimiyya na Burtaniya na farko da suka yi amfani da sabbin fasahohin Chromatography da tracers na rediyo.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
An haifi Porter a Place Hale a garin Farnham, Surrey . Mahaifinta, George Kemp Archbold, shi ne shugaban makarantar kuma mahaifiyarta, Caroline Emily Broughton Whitehead, ƙwararren mawaƙi ne na Belgium. : ">&#x3A;&#x200A;400&#x200A; Archbold sun koma Bristol a 1901, lokacin da Porter ke da shekaru biyu. : Ta yi karatu a gida a farkon shekarunta a cikin yanayin Victorian mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, tana samun ƙwarewa wajen karatu da rubuce-rubuce Faransanci da Ingilishi. :">&#x3A;&#x200A;400&#x200A; Tana da 'yar'uwa daya. : Yaron Duniya na farko ya rushe yarinta na Porter, wanda ya sa iyalin su rabu; mahaifiyarta ta koma London don aiki a cikin gwamnatin da ke gudanar da National Kitchens kuma mahaifinta ya koma Yorkshire don aiki a wata makaranta daban. Porter da 'yar'uwarta sun zauna a Bristol don ci gaba da halartar makarantar sakandare ta Clifton don' yan mata. : 402 A farkon shekarunta, ta yi tafiya sosai, ta yi jirgin ruwa a Kogin Danube a cikin 1920s kuma ta yi tafiye-tafiye da yawa zuwa wuraren binciken archaeological na Gabas ta Tsakiya. Porter ta auri William George Porter, likita, a 1937. Bayan 'yan shekaru na aure, William Porter ya mutu; duk da haka, Helen Porter ya riƙe sunansa na ƙarshe don dalilai na sana'a. Ta sake yin aure a 1962, ga Farfesa Arthur St George Huggett FRS FRSE, farfesa a fannin ilimin lissafi tare da yara biyu; ya mutu a shekarar 1968. A duk rayuwarta, Porter ta ci gaba da sha'awar aikin zane-zane; ayyukanta galibi sun dogara ne akan hotunan da aka samo daga wallafe-wallafen kimiyya na zamani. Ta mutu a shekara ta 1987 tana da shekaru 88.  : 407 

## Ilimi
Bayan karatunta na farko a gida, Porter ta yi karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Clifton don 'yan mata a 1906, tana da shekaru shida. Ta kammala karatu daga makarantar a 1917 tare da babban nasara a duk batutuwa.[1] ::402">: 403 ">: 402  A shekara goma sha uku, ta zama mai sha'awar kimiyya godiya ga malami mai tasiri. Ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Bedford, kwalejin mata na Jami'ar London, inda ta yi karatun ilmin sunadarai, kimiyyar lissafi, da lissafi kuma ta sami digiri a fannin kimiyyar halitta da ilmin sunada, duka biyu tare da girmamawa. Porter daga nan ta sami D.Sc. daga Jami'ar London a 1932 kuma ta sami difloma daga Kwalejin Imperial ta London.[1] : 403 Don karfafa aikinta na baya a ilmin halitta da ilmin sunadarai, Porter ta halarci Kwalejin Birkbeck da Kwalejin Chelsea Polytechnical . [1] : 404 

## Ayyukan kimiyya
Porter ta ci gaba da karatunta a Kwalejin Imperial ta London a matsayin dalibi na digiri na biyu; ta yi aiki a dakin gwaje-gwaje na ilmin sunadarai wanda Farfesa Thorpe ke gudanarwa a karkashin Dokta Martha Whiteley . Ayyukanta a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Thorpe sun haɗa da abubuwan da aka samo daga barbiturates daban-daban. :">&#x3A;&#x200A;404&#x200A; A shekara ta 1922, ta shiga ƙungiyar bincike a Cibiyar Bincike ta Low Temperature da ke da alaƙa da Jami'ar Cambridge : don nazarin lalacewar apples a ajiyar sanyi, matsala da ke damun masu shigo da 'ya'yan itace. Kungiyar binciken Porter ta bincika numfashi na 'ya'yan itace kuma ta bincika mahaɗan su na Kwayoyin halitta, musamman sukari, sinadarin kwayoyin halitta. Nazarin Porter ya fadada daga nazarin sunadarai mai sauƙi zuwa bincika rawar da waɗannan sunadarai ke takawa a ci gaba da balaga na 'ya'yan itace; ta kuma bincika sufuri, kira, da metabolism. : A shekara ta 1931, Porter da tawagarta sun sami nasarar fahimtar halayen sunadarai a cikin apples da aka adana amma ba su riga sun tabbatar da dalilin su ba; a wannan shekarar, an yanke kudaden binciken kuma an kammala binciken su. : 405 

Bayan karatunta na apples ya ƙare a 1931, an hayar Porter a matsayin Malami mai ziyara a Biochemistry a Kwalejin Horticultural ta Swanley . Porter ya kuma fara aiki tare da Cibiyar Bincike ta Physiology na Shuke-shuke a Kwalejin Imperial da Rothamstead Experimental Laboratories. Binciken da ta yi a can ya haɗa da metabolism na carbohydrate a cikin monocotyledons, musamman sha'ir, da alaƙar da take da ita da abinci mai gina jiki na ma'adinai. Ta yi nazarin wurin kira ga starches da aka samu a cikin hatsi kanta, kuma ta karyata ra'ayin da aka fi sani da cewa an hada carbohydrates kuma an adana su a cikin tsutsa, sannan aka kai su zuwa hatsi, inda aka canza su zuwa starch. Maimakon haka, Porter da ƙungiyar bincikenta sun gano cewa ana amfani da carbohydrates a cikin tsutsa don makamashi a ƙarshen rayuwarta; an haɗa starch kai tsaye a cikin hatsi. : 405 

A shekara ta 1953, Porter ta zama shugabar ƙungiyar bincikenta a Kwalejin Imperial, godiya ga tallafi daga Gidauniyar Nuffield .  :">&#x3A;&#x200A;405&#x200A; Kungiyar ta yi amfani da dabarun da aka yi amfani da su a lokacin na chromatography da alamun rediyo don ci gaba da nazarin hanyoyin tsire-tsire. Ta hada starches da glucose kuma ta yi amfani da su a cikin gwaje-gwaje waɗanda suka bincika motsi na photosynthetic metabolites da kuma tsarin starch da fructosan, : 406 :">&#x3A;&#x200A;1042&#x200A; daya daga cikin masana kimiyya na farko da suka yi haka a Burtaniya. Ba kamar gwaje-gwajen da ta yi a baya ba, an gudanar da wannan binciken a kan tsire-tsire na taba. : Sabbin dabarun, haɗe da autoradiography, ya ba ta damar nazarin waɗannan matakai a cikin sel masu rai da nama. : 1043 A shekara ta 1956, da farko saboda wannan binciken, an zabe ta Fellow na Royal Society . A shekara ta gaba, an inganta Porter zuwa matsayin Babban Jami'in Kimiyya na Cibiyar Nazarin Jiki kuma an nada shi mai karatu na Enzymology a Sashen Botany. A shekara ta 1959, ta zama shugabar sashen Sashen Kwalejin Imperial na Physiology, da kuma nadin farko na kwalejin na mace a matsayin farfesa.

Saboda takardun shaida a cikin ilmin sunadarai, an zabi Porter a cikin Kwamitin Kungiyar Biochemical a shekarar 1962. Porter ta yi ritaya daga matsayinta na shugaban sashen a shekarar 1964, a wannan shekarar da ta jagoranci kirkirar rundunonin aiki na musamman a cikin Society kuma ta zama Sakatare na biyu ga Kwamitin Binciken Aikin Gona na Kwalejin. : An kuma nada ta a matsayin memba mai daraja na Cibiyar Nazarin Aikin Gona.  : A shekara mai zuwa, an nada ta Shugabar Cibiyar Biochemical. A matsayinta na shugabar, ta kirkiro manufofin biyan kuɗi da manufofin wallafe-wallafen mujallar; canje-canjen da ta aiwatar sun rinjayi Society a yau. : Porter an girmama shi a shekarar 1966 ta hanyar nada shi a matsayin Fellow na Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Imperial.  : A shekara ta 1972, an nada ta a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga sakataren Majalisar Binciken Aikin Gona. : A duk lokacin da ta yi aiki sosai, Porter ta rubuta ko kuma ta hada takardu 39 a cikin mujallu daban-daban. : 252 

## Manazarta