Elżbieta Zawacka

**Elżbieta Zawacka** (  ; 19 Maris 1909 - 10 Janairu 2009), wanda aka fi sani da  **Zo**, ta kasance mai fafutukar 'yanci a Poland a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, wakiliyar Babban Jami'in Ayyuka na Musamman (SOE), kuma farfesa a jami'a. Shugaba Lech Kaczyński ya ɗaukaka ta zuwa babban janar na Rundunar Sojojin Ƙasa ta Poland (bayan Maria Wittek, mace ta biyu da ta riƙe wannan matsayi) a ranar 3 ga Mayu 2006. Wani lokaci ana kiranta "mace ɗaya tilo a cikin Cichociemni" ( Silent Unseen ), ta yi aiki a matsayin mai aika saƙo ga Rundunar Sojojin Gida ta Poland, tana ɗauke da wasiƙu da wasu takardu daga Poland da Nazi suka mamaye zuwa ga gwamnatin Poland da ke gudun hijira a London da kuma dawowa. Hanyarta ta yau da kullun ta tashi daga Warsaw ta Berlin da Sweden zuwa London. Haka kuma tana da alhakin shirya hanyoyin da sauran masu aika saƙo na Rundunar Sojojin Gida za su bi.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Zawacka a Toruń (Jamusanci: Thorn), wani ɓangare na ɓangaren Prussian na Poland, kuma ta kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Poznań a fannin lissafi . Lokacin da take da shekaru 10, a shekarar 1919, birninta Toruń ya koma ƙasar Poland da aka sake haifa, wadda ta sake samun 'yancin kai a shekarar 1918. Ta yi karatunta na sakandare a Toruń na Poland. A ƙarshen shekarun 1930 ta koyar a makarantun sakandare da dama, a lokaci guda tana aiki a matsayin mai koyarwa a Przysposobienie Wojskowe Kobiet (Horar da Sojan Mata). A lokacin mamayar Poland a shekarar 1939, ta kasance kwamanda a Horar da Sojan Mata na gundumar Silesian, tana shiga cikin kare Lwów .

A watan Oktoban 1939 ta shiga reshen Silesian na Union of Armed Fruggle (Związek Walki Zbrojnej) a ƙarƙashin sunan "Zelma", wanda daga baya ta canza zuwa "Zo". A ƙarshen 1940 an mayar da ita Warsaw kuma ta fara yin tafiye-tafiyen jigilar kaya. Ita ce kuma mataimakiyar shugabar Zagroda, Sashen Sadarwa na Sojan Gida na Harkokin Waje. A watan Fabrairun 1943 ta yi tafiya a faɗin Jamus, Faransa, da Spain zuwa Gibraltar, inda aka kai ta jirgin sama zuwa London. A Birtaniya ta yi horon parachute, kuma a ranar 10 ga Satumban 1943 ta sauka Poland, wanda aka ce ita ce "mace ɗaya tilo a tarihin Babur Mai Shiru". Duk da haka, ana jayayya kan wannan, domin ba ta kammala cikakken horo ba. [1]

A shekarar 1944, Zawacka ta yi yaƙi a cikin tawayen Warsaw, kuma bayan shan kaye, ta koma Kraków, inda ta ci gaba da ayyukanta na ɓoye. A shekarar 1945, ta shiga ƙungiyar 'Yanci da Independence (WiN) mai adawa da kwaminisanci, amma ta yi murabus ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka ta fara aikin koyarwa.

A shekarar 1951, Urząd Bezpieczeństwa (Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida) ta kama ta ta kuma azabtar da ita . An yanke mata hukuncin daurin shekaru 10 a gidan yari saboda cin amanar ƙasa da leƙen asiri, amma an rage hukuncin da aka yanke mata kuma aka sake ta a shekarar 1955. Bayan an sake ta daga kurkuku, ta sami digirin digirgir daga Jami'ar Gdańsk . Farfesa ce mai zaman kanta a Cibiyar Koyar da Ilimi a Jami'ar Mikołaj Kopernik da ke Toruń, inda ta kafa sashen andragogy . Ta yi ritaya daga koyarwa a shekarar 1978 bayan da Hukumar Tsaron Poland (Służba Bezpieczeństwa) ta rufe sashen. Ta kasance memba mai himma a Ƙungiyar Sojojin Sojojin Gida ta Duniya kuma ta yi aiki tare da Solidarność a shekarun 1980.

Zawacka ta rasu tana da shekaru 99 a garinsu na Toruń a ranar 10 ga Janairun 2009.

Tarihin rayuwar Clare Mulley game da Zawacka, *Agent Zo: Labarin da ba a Faɗa ba game da Tsoron Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu Elżbieta Zawacka* (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2024) ta lashe kyautar littafin tarihi na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Poland a shekarar 2024/25, ta lashe mafi kyawun littafin mujallar Silver in *Military History Matters* na shekarar 2025, an daɗe ana saka ta a cikin jerin waɗanda za su shiga gasar ba tare da almara ba ta Ƙungiyar Marubutan Tarihi, kuma an sanya ta cikin jerin waɗanda za su shiga gasar Kyautar Mata don Ba da Almara ta 2025.  

## Kyaututtuka da kayan ado

*  Umarnin Farin Gaggafa (1995)
*  Azurfa Cross of Order of Virtuti Militari, sau biyu (10 Satumba 1943, 2 Oktoba 1944)
*  Kwamanda's Cross tare da Tauraron Order of Polonia Restituta (1993)
*  Ofishin Jakadancin Polonia Restituta (1990)
*  Cross of Valour, sau biyar (1941, 1942, 1943)
*  Zinare Cross of Merit with Takuba (1944)
*  Giciyen 'Yanci da Haɗin kai (bayan mutuwarsa, 2017)
*  Lambar Yabo ta Sojoji, sau huɗu (1970)
*  Sojojin Gida na Cross of the Home Army (1970)
*  Yaƙin da Sojojin Poland suka yi a Yamma (1991)
*  Memory na Musamman (2005)

## Hotunan Hotuna

Fayil:Elżbieta_Zawacka_02_-_20060613.jpg| Zawacka, 2006
Fayil:Elżbieta_Zawacka_monument_02.JPG|alt=Monument to Zawacka, Elżbieta Zawacka Foundation, Toruń, unveiled 23 September 2014| Abin tunawa ga Zawacka, Elżbieta Zawacka Foundation, Toruń, an buɗe 23 Satumba 2014
Fayil:Elzbieta_Zawacka_pomnik_park_jordana_krakow.JPG|alt=Bust in Henryk Jordan Park, Kraków| Zaune a Henryk Jordan Park, Kraków
Fayil:Tablica_na_Moście_Gen._Elżbiety_Zawackiej_w_Toruniu.jpg|alt=Plaque on Elżbieta Zawacka Bridge in Toruń| Plaque akan gadar Elżbieta Zawacka a Toruń
Fayil:Torun_nagr_Zawacka.jpg|alt=Grave of Zawacka in Toruń| Kabarin Zawacka a Toruń
Fayil:Tablica_pamiątkowa_na_bloku_Gagarina_132-138_w_Toruniu.jpg|alt=Commemorative plaque in Toruń| Alamar tunawa a Toruń
Fayil:Fundacja_Generał_Elżbiety_Zawackiej_w_Toruniu_-_siedziba.jpg|alt=Elżbieta Zawacka Foundation headquarters in Toruń| Elżbieta Zawacka Foundation hedkwatar a Toruń


## Manazarta