Adelaide Cabete

**Adelaide Cabete** (25 Janairu 1867, Elvas - 14 Satumba 1935), ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan mata na Portugal na ƙarni na 20. Mai tsayin daka na Jamhuriyar Republican, ta kasance Likitan haihuwa, likitan mata, malami, Freemason, marubucin, mai ba da agaji, mai zaman lafiya, mai kawar da doka, Mai kare hakkin dabbobi da ɗan adam. 

A cikin 1909, tare da Ana de Castro Osorio ta kirkiro Kungiyar Mata ta Jamhuriyar Republican . Ita ce ta kafa kungiyar mata ta Portugal, Conselho Nacional das Mulheres Portuguesas (CNMP), kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabarta daga 1914 zuwa 1935. Dukansu biyu sun goyi bayan mata da yara marasa galihu kuma sun inganta 'yancin mata. Baya ga kasancewa babban edita na sanarwar CNMP, Alma feminina, ta rubuta labarai game da daidaito na zamantakewa da kiwon lafiya ga mata. A cikin 1924 da 1928, ta taimaka wajen shirya taron mata biyu na farko a Portugal, wanda ya inganta 'yancin siyasa, farar hula, ilimi, da tattalin arziki na mata.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Adelaide de Jesus Damas Brazão Cabete a ranar 25 ga watan Janairun 1867 a Alcáçova kusa da Elvas a yankin Alentejo na Portugal, 'yar ma'aikatan karkara. Mahaifinta ya mutu lokacin da take ƙarama kuma, don taimakawa mahaifiyarta, ba ta je makarantar firamare ba kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar gida tun tana yarinya don tallafa wa iyalinta. Duk da wadannan matsalolin, ta koyi karatu da rubutu. A lokacin da take da shekaru 18, ta auri Manuel Ramos Fernandes Cabete, wanda ya ƙarfafa ta ta yi karatu. A lokacin da take da shekaru ashirin da biyu, Cabete ta dauki jarrabawar ilimin firamare, kuma a shekara ta 1894 ta kammala digirin makarantar sakandare tare da bambanci. A shekara ta 1895, ma'auratan suka koma Lisbon. A shekara mai zuwa, Adelaide Cabete ta shiga  [pt] (Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Lisbon), ta kammala karatun ta a cikin 1900 tare da rubutun "Kariya ga mata masu juna biyu a matsayin hanyar inganta ci gaban jiki na sababbin tsararraki", inda ta ba da shawarar gabatar da hutun haihuwa. Ita ce mace ta uku kawai da ta sami digiri na likita a Portugal kuma ta ci gaba da buɗe aikinta na ilimin mata a Lisbon. Ta zama fitacciyar murya a cikin goyon bayan asibitocin haihuwa a Portugal, a ƙarshe ta yi nasara a 1932 lokacin da aka buɗe asibitin haihuwa na farko na Portugal.

## Yunkurin fafutuka
A cikin 1907 Cabete ya zama mai zaman kansa, ya shiga Grand Orient of Portugal Lodge . A cikin 1909, tare da Ana de Castro Osório, Carolina Beatriz Ângelo da sauran 'yan mata waɗanda suka goyi bayan kawar da mulkin mallaka, ta zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa League of Republican Women, waɗanda dukansu sun nemi ƙarshen mulkin mallaka na Portugal kuma sun ba da shawara ga' yancin mata da zaɓen. A matsayinta na 'yar jam'iyyar Republican, kamar mijinta, ta shiga cikin kamfen ɗin da suka riga juyin juya hali zuwa shelar Jamhuriyar Portugal a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 1910.

Bayan canjin mulkin, ta yi aiki don kafa kungiyoyin mata da yawa, musamman Conselho Nacional das Mulheres Portuguesas (National Council of Portuguese Women), wanda za ta zama shugabarta daga 1914 zuwa mutuwarta a 1935. Daga 1920-29 ta kuma shirya sanarwar Majalisar, Alma feminina . Ta taimaka wajen shirya taron mata biyu na farko da aka gudanar a Portugal, a 1924 da 1928. Ta rubuta labarai da yawa, da farko na yanayin kiwon lafiya, amma kuma daidai da damuwarta ta zamantakewa. Wadannan sun hada da: "Role cewa Nazarin Kula da Yara, Tsabtace Mata, da dai sauransu dole ne su taka rawa a Ilimi na Gida" (1913), da kuma "Kariya ga Mata masu ciki" (1924). Ta kuma rubuta labaran mata a Alma feminina da sauran wurare. Ta ba da shawarar ilimin jima'i ga yara a makarantu, kuma ta yi magana game da yaƙi da bijimai da kuma amfani da kayan wasa na yaki. A taron mata na farko a 1924 ta gabatar da takarda kan "Yanayin mata masu aure game da dukiyar ma'aurata". A lokacin, ra'ayoyinta sun kasance masu ci gaba sosai.

A cikin 1929, ta yi takaici da gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Estado Novo, tare da dan uwanta, Cabete ta tafi Angola ta Portugal, inda ta yi aiki don kare haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar da kuma samar da magani. A shekara ta 1934 ta ji rauni a hatsarin bindiga kuma ta yanke shawarar komawa Lisbon. A can, tare da lafiyarta har yanzu mara kyau, ta fadi kuma ta karye kafa. Ta mutu a Lisbon a ranar 14 ga Satumba 1935. 

## Manazarta
 

* LOUSADA, Isabel, Bayani na Wani Pioneira: Adelaide Cabete (1867-1935), Editora Fonte da Palavra, Associação Cedro, Maris na 2011,