open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Korra Obidi

**Anita Chukwumfumnaya Obidi** // i, (an haife ta a 23 Yuni 1991), wacce aka fi sani da **Korra Obidi**, mawaƙiya ce, mai rawa kuma samfurin Najeriya.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Obidi ta fito ne daga Igbuzo (Ibusa) a Jihar Delta, Kudancin Najeriya. An haife ta ne a cikin iyalin 'yan mata uku da yaro. Mahaifiyarta ta mutu. An haife ta ne a cikin iyalin Kirista na Ibo mai zurfin addini da mai ra'ayin mazan jiya wanda ya halarci Ma'aikatar Rayuwar Kirista Mai zurfi, wanda ya sa ta ɓoye sha'awarta ta rawa daga iyayenta yayin da take girma.

## Ayyuka

### Yin rawa
Ta kasance mai karɓar gabatarwa ta AFRIMMA don *Mafi kyawun Mai rawa* a shekarar 2017.  Ta yi wasa a gasar kwallon kwando ta Afirka ta 2017/2018. Ta kasance mai takara a cikin fitowar 2019 na wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka So You Think You Can Dance yayin da take da ciki sosai.Ta fara aikinta na rawa a shekara ta 2007, tana fitowa a cikin waƙar da yarinyar yarinya mai suna Sasha P.

### Fim din
Obidi ta kasance tauraruwa ce a fina-finai na Nollywood na Najeriya a ƙarshen 2000s. Bayan hutu, ta dawo a 2022 a matsayin daya daga cikin simintin fim din Nollywood, What If . Fim din ya kuma fito da Alexx Ekubo, Bolanle Ninalowo, Mercy Ima Macjoe da Patience Ozokwor .  Ta kuma fito a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin Wani Rana na yau da kullun; The Flatmates; Lumba Boys tare da Francis Duru; da fim din Saro, na kiɗa.

### Misali
Ta yi tafiya a kan titin a Port Harcourt International Fashion Week da kuma GTBank Fashion Week . Ta kuma yi takara a gasar Miss Global Najeriya inda aka lashe ta Miss Congeniality . Ta kasance vixen a cikin bidiyon kiɗa na ƙungiyar Amurka Black Eyed Peas, mai taken Wings da kuma mawaƙa na Najeriya Tekno da Orezi's Whine For Daddy.

### Waƙoƙi
Obidi ta fitar da wakar ta farko a shekarar 2015 mai taken Man Like You . Paul Gambit ne ya shirya bidiyon. Ta kuma saki waƙar da ake kira *Kilibe* tare da Mz Kiss, sannan ta saki Vibration tare da Victoria Kimani. Ta fito da kundin kiɗa guda biyu wato Woman Power Series (2016) da Sounds From The Throne Room (2019). 

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Obidi ta auri Dr. Justin Dean a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2017 kuma suna da 'ya'ya biyu tare. Ma'auratan a halin yanzu sun sake aure    Ta ambaci lafiyar hankali a matsayin daya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa ta bar aurenta. Tsohon mijinta ya bukaci goyon bayan aure bayan rabuwa. Tana zaune ne a Amurka.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
M'Mahawa Sylla

**M'Mahawa Sylla** jami'iyar sojan Guinea ce.

Ita ce mace ɗaya tilo da ta kai matsayin Janar tun bayan da aka kafa rundunar sojan Guinea a shekarar 1960. 

Tun daga watan Satumba 10, 2021, ta kasance gwamnar birnin Conakry. 

## Ilimi
M'Mahawa Sylla ta yi karatu a Guinea kuma ta kammala karatun difloma a fannin tattalin arziki da gudanarwa a Jami'ar Gamal Abdel Nasser ta Conakry. A shekarar 2014 ta kammala karatu daga CISD na kwalejin tsaro da ke birnin Beijing.

## Aikin soja
Kyaftin ɗin tawagar kwallon hannu ta mata ta Guinea, M'Mahawa Sylla ce sojojin Guinea suka zaɓa don shiga kungiyar wasanni ta sojojin ƙasar Guinea (Asfag) a shekarar 1985.

Ta shiga cikin tawagar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a Cote d'Ivoire mai suna ONUCI.

A shekarar 2013, ta zama Kanar a cikin soja. Daga ƙarshen shekarar 2017 zuwa watan Satumba 2021, ta kasance mataimakiyar babban sakataren majalisar tsaron ƙasa.

## Gwamna
Bayan juyin mulkin na watan Satumba 5, 2021 da CNRD, Birgediya Janar M'Mahawa Sylla aka naɗa a matsayin gwamnar birnin Conakry, ta maye gurbin Janar Mathurin Bangoura, a ofis tun a shekarar 2016. 

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa

* 2021: Mace ta farko birgediya janar.
* 2021: mace ta farko gwamna na birnin Conakry. 
* 2022: Babbar Jami'iyar Hukumar Kula da Lafiya ta Ƙasa. 

## Manazarta
Jerin masallatai a Saudi Arabia

## Dubi kuma

* Musulunci a Saudi Arabia
* Jerin masallatai
** Jerin masallatai a Madina.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin Haɗin waje
Marenikae

**Morenike Mojisola Olayemi Enobong Lasode** (an haife ta a ranar 11 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1993) wacce aka fi sani da sunanta **Marenikae**, mawaƙiya ce ta Najeriya da ke zaune a Atlanta.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Marenikae kuma ta girma a Najeriya ga mahaifin Yoruba da Krio wanda mawaƙi ne, darektan fina-finai da furodusa kuma mahaifiyar Efik. Bayan karatun sakandare, ta koma Boston don karatun sakandare. inda ta sami digiri a fannin laifuka daga Jami'ar Massachusetts.

## Ayyuka
Marenikae ta fara waka tana da shekaru 14. Ta fara sana'arta ta sana'a a shekarar 2018, tare da sakin sautin farko "Ka tuna". A cikin 2018, Marenikae ta fitar da kundi na farko na studio Ajebutter . 

A cikin 2022, ta fitar da bidiyon kiɗa na "Deliverance (na so) " wanda ya jagoranci daga EP dinta "Acquired Taste". Ta kuma saki "As I Be", a matsayin na biyu daga EP.

## Bayanan da aka yi

### Albums

### Ma'aurata

## Manazarta
Esther Benyeogo

**Esther Benyeogo** (an Haife shi 15 ga Satumba, 1997), mawaƙin bishara ce ta Najeriya, marubuci kuma mai yin rikodi. Ita ce ta lashe gasar Season 3 na The Voice Nigeria  kuma a baya ta lashe kyautar God's Children Great Talent (GCGT) Season 7 ta doke sauran 'yan wasa tara da suka lashe kyautar Naira miliyan 250, tsabar kudi Naira miliyan 10 da sabuwar mota. 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Esther ne a ranar 15 ga Satumba, 1997, a matsayin ‘ya’ya shida na karshe ga dangin Dr. da Mrs. Kennedy Benyeogo daga karamar hukumar Ika ta Arewa a jihar Delta. Mahaifinta marigayi likita ne wanda ya rasu a shekarar 2010 yayin da mahaifiyarta ta kasance shugabar makaranta mai ritaya.  Ta girma a Asaba, jihar Delta kuma ta yi karatun Turanci da adabi a Jami'ar Benin . 

Ta fara waƙa tun tana ɗan shekara goma sha uku  kuma salon waƙar Tasha Cobbs, Sinach, Yolanda Adams, Kierra Sheard, Kim Burrell, Nathaniel Bassey suna tasiri sosai.  A shekaru goma sha biyar, ta fito a matsayin ta farko a cikin gasar baiwa na gaba na Big Teen wanda Ofishin Jakadancin Kristi ya shirya. 

A shekarar 2017, tana da shekaru goma sha tara, Esther ta zama zakara a matsayin wadda ta lashe gasar babbar baiwar Allah (GCGT) Season 7 ta doke sauran 9 da suka fafata a gasar inda ta lashe kwangilar sarrafa Naira miliyan 250, tsabar kudi Naira miliyan 10, da sabuwar Kia Rio. Daga nan ta fito da EP dinta na farko mai suna "Carry Me" a cikin 2020.

A watan Yulin 2021, bayan gasar ta tsawon makonni 18, an sanar da ita a matsayin wadda ta lashe jerin shirye-shiryen gidan talabijin na Voice Nigeria, a gaban sauran mutane biyar da suka zo karshe don samun kyautar tsabar kudi Naira Miliyan 10, SUV, da kwangilar rikodin daga Universal Music Group.  

## Waƙoƙi
Source: 

### Albums

* *Carry Me*(2020) Ep

### Ɗaiɗaiku

* “How Great Thou Art”
* "Generation"
* "It's Working"
* "Halleluyah"

## Nassoshi
Guchi

**Ugochi Lydia Onuoha** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1996 ko kuma 1997),  wanda aka fi sani da suna **Guchi**, mawaƙin Afropop ce ta Najeriya.

## Rayuwar farko
Guchi ita ce ta biyu a cikin yara hudu; danginta ‘yan Mbaise ne a Jihar Imo . An haife ta a Kaduna, a Jihar Kaduna, amma ta girma a babban birnin tarayya Abuja .    Ta fara rera waka a cikin mawakan cocinta da kuma kakaninta lokacin da take shekara bakwai, kuma ta ambaci Michael Jackson, wanda ya fi so na mahaifinta, a matsayin tasiri na farko.   Ta fara karatun jami'a a jami'ar jihar Edo ;  , bayan ta koma Legas tana karantar Theater and Media Arts part-time a jami'ar Legas .  

## Sana'a
Ta rera waka Afroop,  da gidan rawa da kuma babban rayuwa, kuma ta fara sana'arta a 2012.  

Wakar ta na farko, "No Be Jazzy", an sake shi a watan Afrilun 2019. [1] [2] Bayan sanya hannu tare da PG Records Entertainment, ta fito da "Addicted" daga baya a waccan shekarar, sannan "Kusa" sannan a cikin Oktoba 2020, EP mai waƙa 5 ciki har da waccan waƙar, Ni Guchi . [3] [4] A cikin Fabrairu 2021, ta fito da "Jennifer", wanda ya zaburar da ƙalubalen hoto akan TikTok kuma an sake sake shi a watan Yuni 2021 a cikin wani nau'i mai hade da ke nuna mawaƙin Tanzaniya Rayvanny . [3] [5] A cikin Oktoba 2021, "Benzema", mai taken dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Faransa Karim Benzema, [6] an yi muhawara a lamba 3 akan Billboard Top Triller Global Chart. [3] A cikin 2022, an nuna ta a kan "Sweet" na Rayvanny kuma a cikin Maris ta fito da "Shattered"

A cikin Janairu 2020, ta zama jakadiyar shekara biyu na Hukumar Yaki da Sha da Muggan Kwayoyi ta Kasa .  

## Waƙoƙi

### Ɗaiɗaiku

### EP

### Bidiyon kiɗa

## Kyaututtuka da zaɓe

## Magana
Escape velocity

A cikin makanikai na sararin samaniya, gudun hijira ko gudun gudu shine mafi ƙarancin gudun da ake buƙata don abu don tserewa daga hulɗa da ko kewayen jikin farko, ana ɗauka:

Yanayin ballistic - babu wasu dakarun da ke aiki akan abu, kamar motsawa da gogayya

Babu sauran abubuwan da ke samar da nauyi.

Ko da yake kalmar gudun hijira ta zama ruwan dare gama gari, an kwatanta shi daidai a matsayin gudu fiye da gudu saboda ba ta da alkibla.  Domin karfin nauyi tsakanin abubuwa biyu ya dogara da yawan haduwarsu, gudun tserewa kuma ya dogara da yawa.  Don tauraron dan adam na wucin gadi da ƙananan abubuwa na halitta, yawan abin da ke cikin abu yana ba da gudummawar da ba ta dace ba ga haɗuwar haɗuwa, don haka sau da yawa ana watsi da su.

Gudun tserewa ya bambanta da nisa daga tsakiyar jiki na farko, haka ma saurin abin da ke tafiya ƙarƙashin tasirin gravitational na farko.  Idan abu yana cikin kewayawa ko zagaye na elliptical, saurinsa koyaushe yana ƙasa da gudun tserewa a nisan da yake yanzu.  Sabanin haka idan yana kan yanayin hawan jini ko da yaushe saurinsa zai kasance sama da gudun tserewa a nisan da yake yanzu.  (Zai rage gudu yayin da yake girma zuwa mafi nisa, amma yin haka a cikin asymptotically yana gabatowa madaidaicin gudu).  Yana da daidaitattun daidaiton ingantaccen kuzarin motsi da kuzari mara nauyi;koyaushe zai kasance yana raguwa, yana kusantar saurin sifili, amma ba zai daina ba..Ana amfani da lissafin saurin gudu don tantance ko wani abu zai ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin yanayin tasirin abin da aka bayar.  Misali, a binciken tsarin hasken rana yana da amfani a san ko bincike zai ci gaba da kewaya duniya ko kuma ya tsere zuwa sararin samaniyar sararin samaniya.  Hakanan yana da amfani sanin nawa bincike zai buƙaci rage gudu don a kama shi ta hanyar gravitation da jikin da zai nufa.  Roka ba dole ba ne su isa gudun tserewa a cikin motsi guda ɗaya, kuma abubuwa kuma za su iya amfani da taimakon nauyi don kawar da kuzarin motsa jiki daga manyan jikuna. 

Madaidaicin lissafin yanayi yana buƙatar yin la'akari da ƙananan ƙarfi kamar ja na yanayi, matsa lamba, da iskar rana.  Roka a ƙarƙashin ci gaba ko ci gaba da turawa (ko wani abu da ke hawan sararin sama) zai iya samun tserewa a kowane gudu mara sifili, amma mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin da ake buƙata don yin hakan koyaushe iri ɗaya ne.

## Manazarta
Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori, wanda aka fi sani da suna Campylobacter pylori, kwayar cutar gram-korau ce, mai tuta, mai helical.  Mutants na iya samun sanda ko siffar sanda mai lanƙwasa wanda ke nuna ƙarancin cutarwa. Jikinsa mai hazaka (wanda asalin sunan Helicobacter ya samo asali ne) ana tsammanin ya samo asali ne don shiga cikin maƙarƙashiyar ciki, ta taimaka masa ta hanyar tantanin halitta, kuma ta haka ne ya haifar da kamuwa da cuta..  An fara gano kwayar cutar a matsayin mai haifar da ciwon ciki a cikin 1983 ta likitan likitancin Australiya Barry Marshall da Robin Warren.[4][5]  A cikin 2005, an ba su lambar yabo ta Nobel a fannin ilimin halittar jiki ko kuma likitanci don gano su.[6] 

## Manazarta
Souq Qabil

**Hanyar Qabil** (Arabic) wanda aka fi sani da **Souq Qabil** (Larabci) wani titi ne Na kasuwa a birnin Jedda, Saudi Arabia . Yana ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin kasuwanni na Jeddah, wanda ke cikin tsakiyar tarihi na birnin, Al Balad .

Kasuwar tana kan ƙaramin titi tare da gine-ginen tarihi da tsoffin gidajen cin abinci da shagunan da ke sayar da kayayyaki, daga kayan yaji da buƙatun gida zuwa turare da kayan ado.  An yi alama a matsayin "Qabel Trail" a kan Google Maps.

## Tarihi
Hussein bin Ali ne ya kafa titin Qabil a farkon shekarun ƙarni na 20. Ba a ba shi sunansa ba har sai Suliman Qabil ya sayi shi a Shekarar 1925-6 ,  wanda yake ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun ƴan kasuwa a birnin a lokacin. 

Hanyar Qabil ta kasance gida ga shagunan musayar kuɗi. Har ila yau, ta yi fice a cikin kayan ado, takalma, agogo, da dai sauransu, da kuma kayan da aka ƙera a cikin gida. Hanyar ita ce ta farko da aka ba da wutar lantarki a cikin birni.

## Hanyar da za a yi amfani da ita
Hanyar tana jagorantar daga Hanyar Sarki Abdulaziz, kusa da Cibiyar Al Mahmal a Al Balad zuwa Hanyar Al Dhahab. Yana da tsawon mita 77 da faɗin mita bakwai.

Gandun gabas zuwa Masallacin Al Ma'amar, akwai gine-ginen tarihi kamar Gidan Tarihi na Nassif da Gidan Tarihin Matbouli, daga cikin misalai mafi kyau na tsohuwar gine-ginin Jeddah.

## Hanyar Qabil a lokacin Ramadan
Ana gudanar da Bikin Jeddah na tarihi a kowa ce shekara a Al Balad don bikin al'adu da al'adun Jeddah  yawanci a lokacin watan Ramadan da Eid. Hanyar Qabil ta zama mai aiki sosai tare da nishaɗi da ayyukan da ake gudanarwa, gami da kantin abinci, masu sayar da kiɗa, da wasan kwaikwayo na masu zane-zane da suka yi ado da kayan gargajiya na ƙasar Saudiyya waɗanda ke wakiltar al'adun yankin.

## Dubi kuma

* Gidan Tarihin Nassif
* Al Balad
* Masallacin Sarki Saud
* Jedda
* Jerin manyan kantuna a Saudi Arabia
* Yawon shakatawa a Saudi Arabia

## Manazarta
Shanga

**Manuela Modupe Udemba**, wanda aka sani da sana'a a matsayin **Shanga**, mawaƙin Swiss-Nigerian mawaƙi ne, injiniyan sauti, kuma mai tsara rikodin. An haife ta a Bern, Switzerland, ta yanke shawarar ci gaba da sana'ar kiɗa bayan ta zama ƙwararren injiniyan sauti.

## Rayuwa
Shanga ta taso ne tsakanin Najeriya da Switzerland, inda ta yi makarantar firamare da sakandare. Bayan karatun sakandare, ta shiga makarantar injiniyan sauti a Hamburg . 

## Sana'a
Shanga ta fito da wasanta na farko Extended Play (EP), *Rungumar Rauni*, a cikin 2013. A cikin 2014, jaridar *Der Bund* ta yaba aikinta na fasaha da salon kiɗa.  Tsakanin 2018 da 2019, Shanga ya fito da waƙoƙin "Chuchichäschtli", "Mafi Zaƙi fiye da Wine" da "Nuna Ni". A cikin Afrilu 2020, ta fito da "Certified", jagorar guda ɗaya daga kundi na farko *na Bold* . Fusion na afro da grime, Bisi Udemba ne ya shirya waƙar kuma Ben Mühlethaler ya ƙware, wanda na ƙarshe ya shahara da aikinsa tare da Yarima .   Shanga ya fitar da waƙar album ɗin na biyu, "Kelele", a cikin Yuli 2020. Waƙar ta yi kololuwa a lamba ɗaya akan Charts Swiss na iTunes  kuma a lamba huɗu akan Chart Sales Digital na Billboard Swiss. 

Kundin studio na farko na Shanga, Bold, an sake shi a watan Oktoba 2020.

## Waƙoƙi
**Albums na Studio**

* *Bold* (2020)

**EPs**

* *Rungumar Rauni* (2013)

Ɗaiɗaiku 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*
Bessie Alexander Ficklen

**Bessie Alexander Ficklen** (née, Alexander; Nuwamba 10, 1861 - Maris 3, 1945) mawaki ce kuma mai zane ta Amurka. Rubutun ta a kan "Dream Poetry", ya bayyana a daya daga cikin manyan mujallu na karni na 19 kuma ya ja hankalin mutane sosai. Ta rubuta fiye da jin daɗi fiye da duk wani riba na kuɗi. Ta kuma kasance mai basira tare da zane-zane kamar yadda take da alkawarinta, kuma daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, don rarraba masu zaman kansu, ta buga ƙananan littattafai na rhyme - mai sauƙi, mai ban dariya - wanda aka rubuta kuma aka kwatanta da ita da hannunta. Ta kasance mai yin wasan kwaikwayo na hannu, ta kirkiresu shekaru da yawa kuma ta rubuta littafi a kan batun.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Bessie Mason Alexander a kusa da Fredericksburg, Virginia, a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba, 1861. Mahaifiyarta ita ce B. M. Alexander kuma sunanta na farko Mason ne. A gefen mahaifinta, ta fito ne daga zuriyar Scotch. Kakanta, wanda ya kammala karatu a Jami'ar Edinburgh, ya yi hijira daga Scotland zuwa Amurka a zamanin Mulkin mallaka. Ya zauna a Georgia kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin likita a Yaƙin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka . Mahaifin Ficklen, Janar Edward Porter Alexander, ya yi karatu a West Point, kuma, bayan kammala karatun a can, ya shiga Sojojin Injiniyoyi na Amurka. A lokacin da Yaƙin basasa ya ɓarke, ya shiga cikin Sojojin Tarayyar Amurka, kuma ya yi aiki tare da bambanci a matsayin shugaban bindigogi na James Longstreet. 

Ficklen ta kammala karatu daga Cibiyar Mata ta Columbia, Columbia, Tennessee . 

A ranar 28 ga Disamba, 1886, ta auri John Rose Ficklen (1858-1907),  farfesa a fannin tarihi a Jami'ar Tulane, New Orleans, Louisiana. A lokacin bude makarantar fasaha a Kwalejin Tunawa da H. Sophie Newcomb, a New Orleans, Ficklen ya zama dalibi a can, yana nuna kyakkyawan aiki na musamman a fannin zane da zane. A cikin sashen na ƙarshe, ta yi aiki mai kyau, musamman shugaban yaro, wanda aka nuna a baje kolin kaka a cikin 1891. A cikin 1889, an buga "Catterel, Ratterel, Doggerel", saitin ayoyi na satirical wanda Janar Alexander ya kirkiro; zane-zane masu basira waɗanda suka kasance tare da waɗannan ayoyi masu ban dariya aikin Ficklen ne. Wani rubutun Ficklen, mai taken "Dream-Poetry", ya bayyana a cikin Scribner's Magazine a cikin 1891.

A ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 1928 da 28 ga Afrilu 1928, ta nuna a 1st Allied Arts Exhibition na Dallas County, Texas . 

Ficklen ta yi bukukuwa na hannu a lokuta daban-daban a rayuwarta, lokacin da take yarinya, uwa, da kakarta. Ta kuma rubuta littafin, A Handbook of Fist-Puppets (1935).   Fim game da Ficklen ya haɗa da batun 'yan tsana.

Ficklens suna da 'ya'ya biyu, Porter Alexander (an haife shi a shekara ta 1887), da Elizabeth Fitzhugh (an haifi ta a shekara ta 1890). 

Bessie Ficklen ta mutu a ranar 3 ga Maris, 1945. 

## Ayyukan da aka zaɓa

* *Waƙoƙin mafarki*, 1891
* *Littafin hannu na 'yan tsana*

## Bayanai

## Manazarta

### Bayanan littattafai

* 
* 
* 

## Haɗin waje

* Ayyukan da suka shafiMace ta Karni / Bessie Alexander Ficklena Wikisource
* Works by or about Bessie Alexander Ficklena cikinTarihin Intanet
Junada ibn Abi Umayya al-Azdi

**Junada ibn Abi Umayya al-Azdi** (Arabic), kwamandan rundunar sojan ruwa da na ƙasa ne a karkashin Khalifa Umayyad Mu'awiya I (r. 661-680) kuma mai watsa hadisai (al'adun Islama na farko).

## Rayuwa
Junada memba ne na kabilar Larabawa ta Azd .  Ya kasance daga reshen Zahran na dangin Daws, waɗanda ke zaune a Dutsen Sarat tsakanin Hejaz (yammacin Arabiya).  Ya san Khalifa biyu na farko, Abu Bakr (r. 632-634) da Umar (r. 634-644), da kuma Mu'adh ibn Jabal, wani babban Muhammadu" aboki annabin Musulunci Muhammad .  Ya ba da hadisai wanda ya haddace daga gare su kuma an dauke shi a matsayin abin dogaro. Wataƙila yaro ne a lokacin mutuwar Muhammadu a cikin 632. Ya mutu a shekara ta 699.

### Yakin da aka yi da Byzantines
Junada na iya shiga cikin mamayar musulmi na Masar a cikin 640s. A cewar asalin Musulmi na Masar da na Siriya, Junada ya kula da hare-haren sojan ruwa a kan Daular Byzantine da Mu'awiya I, wanda ya kafa Khalifancin Umayyad na gaba ya fara a lokacin gwamnan Siriya. An dakatar da ayyukan Junada a lokacin Yaƙin basasar Musulmi na farko (656-661), mai yiwuwa yayin da Mu'awiya ya mayar da hankAli ga dakarunsa da dukiyarsa a cikin rikici da Khalifa Ali.

Bayan Mu'awiya ya zama Khalifa a cikin 661, Junada ya ci gaba da aikinsa a matsayin kwamandan rundunar sojan ruwa. Dukkanin tarihin Islama na farko na Yaƙe-yaƙe na Larabawa da Byzantine sun ambaci akalla hari daya da Junada ya jagoranta a kan Byzantines a lokacin 672/73-679/80, a lokacin mulkin Mu'awiya I. Tarihin Islama na al-Tabari (d. 923) da al-Baladhuri (d. 892), dukansu suna ambaton al-Waqidi (d. 823), sun gudanar da cewa Junada ya jagoranci babban hari a kan Rhodes a cikin 672 ko 673.   Masanin tarihi al-Ya'qubi (d. 898), a gefe guda, ya tabbatar da cewa Junada ya kai hari Tarsus a wannan shekarar. Al-Tabari da Khalifa ibn Khayyat (d. 854) dukansu sun ba da umurni na yakin hunturu a kan iyakar Larabawa da Byzantine a cikin 675/76 zuwa Junada. An yaba masa da ya jagoranci wasu yakin basasa guda biyu a kan Rhodes a cikin 678/79 da 679/80 . 

Al-Tabari ne ya gudanar da Junada don ya kafa sansanin Larabawa na dindindin a Rhodes, amma jiragen ruwa na Byzantine sun toshe mulkin mallaka akai-akai kuma sun tsananta musu. Sojojin sun kasance a tsibirin har sai da dan Mu'awiya I kuma magaji, Yazid I (r. 680-683), ya hau mulki, wanda ya ba da umarnin Larabawa su janye zuwa Siriya. Masanin tarihi na zamani Lawrence Conrad ya watsar da mamayar Larabawa ta 670 a Rhodes a matsayin fasaha ta wallafe-wallafen al'adar Islama ta farko. C. E. Bosworth ya kuma watsar da lamarin, musamman ma ma'anar cewa Junada ya ci gaba da zama a tsibirin a lokacin da ake zaton shekaru bakwai na kasancewar Larabawa yayin da aka ambaci shi yana jagorantar yakin basasa da teku a kan Byzantine Anatolia a cikin shekarun 670. Masanin tarihi Marek Jankowiak ya yi jayayya cewa "babu wani dalili da za a ƙi" aikin Junada na Rhodes.

## Manazarta

## Bayanan littattafai

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Nadège Noële Ango-Obiang

**Nadège Noële Ango Obiang**, an haife ta a ranar 20 ga watan Disamba, 1973, a Libreville a Gabon marubuciya ce 'yar ƙasar Gabon.  Ayyukan adabin ta sun haɗa da gajerun labarai, wasan kwaikwayo, soyayya, hotuna, rubutu da wakoki.    Obiang tana da digiri na jami'a a fannin tattalin arziki. Ta haɗa sana'o'i biyu na zama marubuciya da masaniya a fannin tattalin arziki. 

## Aiki
Ta sami lambar yabo ta farko tana da shekara 17 saboda waƙarta mai suna *Rien tout nuit*, a lokacin waƙar  Komo karo na 6 a Gabon a ranar 26 ga watan Afrilu, 1991.

A shekarar 1997, ta samu lambar yabo ta wake-wake a jami'ar Omar Bongo a lokacin da take shekara ta biyu da karatun digirinta na tattalin arziki. A cikin shekarar 2000, ta ci lambar yabo ta musamman na Jury Prize na gasar BICIG a matsayin abokiyar fasaha da wasiƙa, don sabon littafinta *na L'amour dans deux visages*. A wannan shekarar, tare da waƙarta *Le Chant des naufrages*, ta lashe gasar waƙar hibiscus ta azurfa ta Ƙungiyar Marubuta ta Gabon (wanda aka sani da Faransanci a matsayin l'Union des Écrivains Gabonais (UDEG)). Wannan juye-juye ne ya sa ta haɗa littafin tarin wakoki da ta buga a shekarar 2001.

## Manazarta
Jerin 'yan majalisa na Minnesota

Wannan shi ne jerin sunayen 'yan majalisa na Minnesota, ƙungiyoyi masu cin gashin kansu da sauransu da ke da alaƙa da dalilin ƴancin mata a Minnesota.

## Ƙungiyoyi

* Ƙungiyar Mata ta Minnesota . 
* Jam'iyyar Mata ta Kasa.

## Masu goyon bayan sufuri

* Sarah Tarleton Colvin (1865-1949) - shugabar reshen Minnesota na Jam'iyyar Mata ta Kasa, an kama ta a lokacin zanga-zangar "Watchfire for Freedom".
* Nellie Griswold Francis (1874-1969) - ta kafa kuma ta jagoranci Everywoman Suffrage Club, ƙungiyar 'yan Afirka ta Afirka a Minnesota, 'yancin bil'adama da kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adame.
* Ella M. S. Marble (1850-1929) - likita; shugaban kungiyoyin jihohi da yawa.
* Sarah Burger Stearns (1836-1904) - shugaban farko na Minnesota Woman Suffrage Association . 

## Masu fafutukar neman zabe a Minnesota

* Margaret Foley . 

## Manazarta
Ubayd Allah ibn Abi Bakra

**Ubayd Allah ibn Abi Bakra** (عبيد الله بن أبي بكرة, died  CE) was an Umayyad governor of Sijistan and a military commander.

## Asali
Shi dan Abu Bakra ne, tsohon bawa na Abyssinian kuma *mawla* (abokin ciniki ko 'yanci) wanda ya kasance abokin annabin Musulunci Muhammadu kuma ya tuba zuwa Musulunci a cikin 630. Mahaifiyar Ubayd Allah Larabawa ce. An bayyana shi a zahiri kamar yana da "tsuntsu mai duhu da kuma tsami".

## Gwamna da ayyukan soja
An nada shi mataimakin gwamnan Sistan a cikin 671 ta gwamnan Iraki da gabashin Khalifa, Ziyad ibn Abihi .  A lokacin farkon mulkin Khalifa Abd al-Malik (r. 685-705) Ubayd Allah ya goyi bayan ƙungiyar Umayyad a Basra, ɗaya daga cikin manyan garuruwan garuruwa guda biyu na Iraki, a kan mai mulkinsa a lokacin Mus'ab ibn al-Zubayr, wakilin ɗan'uwansa, abokin hamayyarsa Khalifa Abd Allah ibn al-Subayr .  An sake nada shi a kan Sijistan a karo na biyu a cikin 697/698 ta hannun gwamnan Iraki da gabas, al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf.

A cikin shekara ta 698, al-Hajjaj ya tura shi don ya jagoranci 'Sojojin Halaka' masu karfi 20,000 a kan Zunbil a Afghanistan ta zamani. Wannan ya yi daidai da sake farfado da fadada addinin Islama, bayan Yaƙin basasa na biyu (683-692).  Manufarsa ita ce ta kai hari gabashin Afghanistan, da kuma dawo da biyan haraji daga Zunbils.

An kama shi a cikin duwatsu, an ci shi ta hanyar yunwa da hare-haren Zunbil, kuma an tilasta masa ya ba da babbar haraji, ya ba da garkuwa, ciki har da uku daga cikin 'ya'yansa maza, kuma ya yi rantsuwa kada ya sake mamaye Zunbil.Daga nan sai ya koma baya, tare da 5,000 daga cikin mutanensa da suka rage, zuwa birnin Bust.

Ubayd Allah ya mutu ba da daɗewa ba bayan yakin da ya yi. Ɗansa Abu Bardha ne ya gaje shi a matsayin gwamnan Sijistan, wanda ya rike mukamin na shekara ɗaya ko biyu kuma an san shi da yin tsabar kudi.

Kusan 700, al-Hajjaj ya nada wani dan Larabawa mai daraja daga Kufa, Ibn al-Ash'ath, wanda al-Hjjaj ya ba shi aiki tare da sabuntawa a kan Zunbils. Bayan wasu nasarori na farko, ya cimma yarjejeniya tare da Zunbils, waɗanda suka amince da dawo da masu garkuwa da aka kama daga Ubayd Allah kuma su ci gaba da biyan haraji a asalin. Bayan haka, ya dawo da sojojinsa zuwa Iraki kuma ya jagoranci tawaye a kan al-Hajjaj.

## Yin amfani da tsabar kudi
Kafin Ubayd Allah, tsabar kudin Larabawa daga Sijistan sun kasance masu daidaituwa sosai game da girmama tsoffin kayayyaki na Sasanian. Sabanin haka, ƙirar Ubayd Allah tana da ƙirar ƙira, tare da canje-canje na iconographic. Wannan ya tabbatar da lalacewar daidaitattun siffofin Sasanian.

## Manazarta
Lucie Milebou Aubusson

**Lucie Milebou Aubusson** wacce kuma aka fi sani da **Lucie Mboussou** (an haife ta a 25 ga watan Fabrairu 1957) likitar ido ce 'yar kasar Gabon kuma ɗan siyasa wanda ya kasance Shugaban Majalisar Dattawa tun daga 27 ga Fabrairu 2015 zuwa 30 ga Agusta 2023.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Aubusson a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 1957 a Fougamou .  Tana da digirin digirgir a fannin likitanci da difloma a fannin ilimin ido daga Jami'ar Aix-Marseille da ke Faransa.  

## Aiki
Aubusson ita ce mace ta farko a likitar ido a Gabon.  Ta kasance Babbar Jami'in Lafiya a Gidauniyar Jeanne Ebori a Libreville daga shekarun 1988 har zuwa 2002 kuma ta kasance mataimakiyar farfesa a Faculty of Medicine na Libreville.  Ta kasance darektan likita na asibitin Medivision kuma memba ce ta kafa kungiyar agaji ta NGO ta Gabon. 

Aubusson memba ce ta Jam'iyyar Democratic Party ta Gabon kuma an zabe shi a majalisar dattijai na yankin Fougamou a 2002.  Ta kasance mamba a kwamitocin dindindin kan harkokin waje, kuddi da kuma tsare-tsare na yanki.  

Aubusson ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar kungiyar Sanatoci mata ta Gabon da kuma mataimakiyar shugabar kungiyar 'yan majalisar dokokin Gabon.  Ta kasance Mataimakiyar Shugaban Majalisar Dattawa a lokacin Majalisa ta Uku kuma ta zama Shugaba da yin wa'adi na hudu (2015-2021), ta gaji Rose Francine Rogombé.   

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa

* Grand Cross na Order of the Equatorial Star 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Aubusson ta auri Michel Mboussou, Shugaba na Asusun Kula da Inshorar Cututtuka da Lafiyar Jama'a (CNAMGS), kuma tana da 'ya'ya uku. 

## Manazarta
Hanyar Baghdad (Dubai)

**Hanyar Baghdad** (Arabic) hanya ce mai nisan kilomita 2.3 a Birnin Dubai, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa .  An sanya mata suna ne bayan babban birnin Iraki na Bagadaza, ya fito ne daga hanyar al-Ittihad a unguwar al-Nahda kuma tana gudana ta unguwar al'al-Qusais da Muhaisnah kafin ya haɗa Hanyar Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed daga ƙarshen wancan. Hukumar Kula da Hanyoyi da Sufuri ta gari ce ke kula da shi. A shekara ta 2009, Babban Darakta na Traffic ya ba da rahoton cewa titin ya kasance na biyu mafi yawan lokuta na keta hanyoyin tafiya.

## Manazarta
Filin jirgin saman Riyan

**Filin jirgin saman Riyan** (wanda aka fi sani da Filin jirgin sama na Riyan Mukalla) filin jirgin sama ne a garin Mukalla, Hadhramaut, Yemen . Bai kamata a ce an rikita shi da tsohon RAF Riyan ba, wanda ke kusa da Mukalla.

## Tarihi
An gina filin jirgin saman a cikin shekara ta 1930.

An dakatar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a watan Maris na shekara ta 2015 sakamakon yaƙin basasar ƙasar Yemen. wanda ya jagoranci mayaƙan Al Qaeda su yi amfani da rikici da kuma kula da Mukalla. Yankin da ba a tashi ba a kan Yemen ya sanya shi ta hanyar Saudi Arabiya ta shiga tsakani saboda rikicin soja. Daga baya aka saki Mukalla daga Al Qaeda, amma filin jirgin sama ya kasance a rufe har sai da Emirates Red Crescent ta ba da kuɗin gina sabbin tashoshin kuma ta gyara tsohon filin jirgin sama a farashin AED miliyan 25. A ranar 27 ga watan Nuwambar shekara ta 2019, an sake buɗe filin jirgin sama tare da goyon bayan Emirates Red Crescent . Gwamnan lardin Hadramawt, Maj Gen Faraj Al Bahsani, ya ce yana da kyakkyawan fata cewa dawowar jiragen sama zai kawo fa'idodin tattalin arziki. A ranar 9 ga watan Afrilun shekarar 2021, Yemen, mai ɗaukar tutar Yemen, ya sake fara zirga-zirga zuwa Socotra da Aden.

## Jiragen sama da wuraren da ake nufi

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin filayen jirgin sama a Yemen

## Manazarta
Mary L. Doe

**Mary Lydia Doe** (née **Mary Lydia Thompson**; 27 Yuli 1836 - 9 Maris 1913) ta kasance 'yar asalin Amurka ce ta ƙarni na 19, mai gyarawa, malama, kuma marubuciya daga jihar Ohio ta Amurka. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar farko ta ƙungiyar Equal Suffrage Association ta Jihar Michigan, da kuma 'yar majalisa ta International Label League . Ta kuma kasance marubuciyar littafi kan Dokar majalisa. Yayinda take yarinya, ta sanya hannu kan alkawarin motsi na tawali'u a karkashin daya daga cikin asalin Washingtonians, daga baya ta shiga cikin Good Templars da Woman's Christian Temperance Union.

## Shekarun farko da ilimi
An haifi Mary Lydia Thompson a Conneaut, Ohio a ranar 27 ga Yuli, 1836, 'yar Rev. Volney da Lovinia (Singer) Thompson.  Kakanninta na kusa, Thompsons da Harpers, sun yi hijira daga Vermont kuma sun zauna a wannan ɓangaren Ohio da aka sani da Yammacin Yamma. A shekara tara, an tura ta zuwa Kwalejin Conneaut, sannan aka kammala ta. A shekara ta 15, ta fara koyar da makarantar ƙasa US $ 1.00 a mako kuma "ta shiga ciki. " Daga baya, ta halarci Makarantar Ma'aikata ta Jiha (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar Edinboro ta Pennsylvania) a Edinboro, Pennsylvania. Ta sanya hannu kan alkawarin kamewa a karkashin daya daga cikin asalin Washingtonians lokacin da take da shekaru takwas.

## Ayyuka
A shekara ta 1853, Doe ya shiga Good Templars . A shekara ta 1878, ta zama memba na Michigan Grand Lodge of Good Templars, kuma ta rike ofishin babban mataimakin Templar da babban mataimakan sakatare na shekaru da yawa. Ta ci gaba da nuna sha'awarta ga kamewa ta hanyar shiga kungiyar Mata ta Kirista da sauran kungiyoyi daban-daban a cikin garuruwan da take zaune.

Tun daga lokacin da aka ci nasara a kan gyaran sufuri ga kundin tsarin mulkin Jihar Michigan a 1874, babu wata kungiya ta tsakiya a Michigan na tsawon shekaru goma, kodayake wasu al'ummomin yankin sun ci gaba da wanzuwa. A shekara ta 1877, Doe ta tafi Saginaw, Michigan, inda ta yi abota da masu ba da shawara game da daidaito. Ta hanyar haɗuwa da waɗannan dakarun, an kira taron a Flint a ranar 21 ga Mayu, 1884, wanda ya haifar da kafa Ƙungiyar Daidaitaccen Suffrage ta Jiha, tare da Doe a matsayin shugaban kasa, da Gwamna Josiah Begole a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa. Ta rike wannan mukamin na tsawon shekaru shida, ta kasance mai aiki sosai wajen tabbatar da yawancin hakkoki da Majalisar Dokokin Michigan ta baiwa mata, kuma ta shafe yawancin lokacinta tare da wasu masu daidaito a babban birnin jihar.

An zabi Doe a matsayin dan majalisa na International Label League .  Ita ce marubucin littafi game da Dokar majalisa,  da kuma gudanar da sassan jaridu daban-daban kan batutuwa kamar kamewa, aiki, da kuma mata. Ta canza gidanta daga Saginaw zuwa Bay City a 1886, kuma ta buɗe kantin sayar da kayayyaki masu kyau. Yayinda take memba na Ikilisiyar Episcopal ta Methodist, ta koyar da darussan Littafi Mai-Tsarki. Ta mutu a Detroit a ranar 9 ga Maris, 1913, daga zubar da jini a kwakwalwa.

## Manazarta

### Bayanan littattafai
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Mary Bassett Clarke

**Mary Bassett Clarke** (née, Bassett; sunan alkalami, **Ida Fairfield**; Nuwamba 18, 1831 - Agusta 2, 1908) marubuciya ce ta Amurka ta Tsawon karni na sha tara. Ta kasance mai ba da gudummawa ga The Flag of Our Union, Rural New Yorker, da kuma wallafe-wallafen da aka bayar ta Baptists na bakwai. An buga Autumn Leaves a cikin 1894.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Mary Bassett a Independence, New York, a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, 1831. Ita 'yar John Chandler Bassett ce, manomi mai arziki na yammacin New York, da Martha (St. John) Bassett . Ita ce ta bakwai a cikin iyali na yara goma sha biyu da suka rayu har zuwa balaga. Ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Alfred . Kodayake rashin lafiya ya iyakance damar da take da ita, ta kammala karatu daga jami'a a shekara ta 1857. 

## Ayyuka
A lokacin da take da shekaru goma sha biyar, ta fara rubutu don bugawa, a ƙarƙashin sunan alkalami "Ida Fairfield," a cikin The Flag of Our Union . Tare da wasu katsewa ta rashin lafiya, ta ci gaba da shekaru da yawa don zama mai ba da gudummawa ga wannan takarda, ga Rural New Yorker, da kuma takardu na gida da kuma lokaci-lokaci. Shekaru da yawa rubuce-rubucenta, duka rubutu da aya, an ba da su ne ga jaridu na lokaci-lokaci da aka bayar ta hanyar Baptists na bakwai, wanda addinin ta kasance memba. An wallafa tarin waƙoƙinta, Autumn Leaves, a cikin 1894 (Buffalo). 

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Ta auri William Lewis Clarke (1835-1920) a ranar 8 ga Satumba, 1859, kuma ta tafi Ashaway, Rhode Island .  Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kwamitin mishan, kuma a matsayin Sanata na Jihar Massachusetts. Clarke suna da 'ya'ya uku: Ada Augusta (an haife ta a shekara ta 1861), John Thomas (an haifee a shekara ta 1865), da Charles Welling (an haifi a shekara ta 1860). Ta mutu a ranar 2 ga watan Agusta, 1908.

## Ayyukan da aka zaɓa

* 1894, Gishiri na Autumn''Shafuka na kaka''

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Ayyukan da suka shafiMace ta Karni / Mary Bassett Clarkea Wikisource
* Works by or about Mary Bassett Clarkea cikinTarihin Intanet
Nadia Zakhary

**Nadia Eskandar Zakhary**  ta kasance ministar binciken kimiyya ta Masar a tsakanin ranar 2 ga watan Agusta 2012  da 2013. Ta kasance cikin majalisar ministocin Qandil kuma ɗaya daga cikin ministoci masu zaman kansu a majalisar ministocin.  Zachary ita ce kawai memba a majalisar ministocin wacce memba ce ta kungiyar Kiristocin Coptic, wanda ke wakiltar kusan kashi 10% na yawan jama'a.  

## Ilimi da aiki
Zakhary ta samu digirin digirgir (PhD) a fannin kimiyyar halittu daga jami'ar Alkahira.  Ta kasance farfesa a ilimin kimiyyar halittu da ilimin halittar tumo a Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta Masar.  Ta kuma kasance shugabar Sashen Nazarin Oncology a Cibiyar Nazarin Halittar  Ciwon daji.  Tana da wallafe-wallafe sama da 60 a cikin mujallolin kimiyya na duniya.  Ta kuma riƙe muƙamin ministar binciken kimiyya a gwamnatin wucin gadi ƙarƙashin jagorancin Kamal Ganzouri.

## Manazarta
Laila Takla

**Laila Takla** 'yar siyasar Masar ce, 'yar Koftik, marubuciya, kuma mai tallata ingantacciyar dangantakar Musulmi-Kirista. Tare da Saba Pasha Habachy, ta kafa International Legal Consultants Misira a shekarar 1977. 

## Ƙungiyar Majalisar Tarayya
Takla ita ce shugaba mace ta farko a kwamitin hulɗa da ƙasashen waje na majalisar jama'ar Masar. Ta kuma kasance mace ta farko da ta zama shugabar wani zama na Inter-Parliamentary Union wanda ita mamba ce.  Bugu da ƙari, ita mamba ce ta kwamitin UNESCO ta Duniya. 

## Aiki
Takla kuma malamar jami'a ce a fannin shari'a da gudanarwa wacce ta koyar a jami'ar Alkahira da kuma wasu jami'o'i da dama.

Takla kuma tana aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan harkokin shari'a na ƙasa da ƙasa, mai tushe a Alkahira, Masar.

## Dangantakar Musulmi da Kirista
A cikin littafin Takla na 2010, *Heritage na Kirista-Musulunci*, ta yi kira ga ƙarin fahimta da tausayi tsakanin addinan biyu. Ta yi tsokaci kan tushen tarihi na ra'ayin wasu malamai na cewa Kiristoci ba su da izinin gina majami'unsu da kuma yin ibada ta hanyarsu ta yadda Annabi Muhammad (S) ya bar tawagar Kiristocin Najran su yi addu'a a masallacinsa na Madina bisa tafarkin Kiristanci. 

Takla ta ce "Ko kai Kirista ne ko Musulmi, kada ku bari wani wuri a cikin zuciyarku, tunaninku, da halin ku na tsattsauran ra'ayi, ƙiyayya, da wariya." 

## Manazarta
Hala Shukrallah

**Hala Shukrallah** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1954) ita ce tsohuwar shugaban jam'iyyar kundin tsarin mulkin Masar,  bayan ta gaji Sayed Kassem a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar.  Ita ce macen 'yan Koftik ta farko da ta shugabanci jam'iyyar siyasar Masar.   A matsayinta na shugaban Jam'iyyar Tsarin Mulki, Hala Shukrallah ta bayyana a matsayin manyan manufofi na farfaɗo da faɗaɗa jam'iyyar,  da kuma cimma nasarar manufofin juyin juya hali, kamar soke dokar zanga-zanga,  adawa da mulkin soja na siyasa,  da 'yanci ga fursunonin siyasa.  Ɗan uwanta shi ne Hani Shukrallah,  wanda ya kafa kamfanin *Ahram Online*.  

## Manazarta
Hala Helmy el-Said

**Hala Helmy el-Said** (An haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Mayu 1957) ita ce mai baiwa shugaban ƙasa shawara kan tattalin arziki Abdel Fattah el-Sisi kuma tsohon ministan tsare-tsare da ci gaban tattalin arzikin Masar.   

## Rayuwar farko da aiki
An haifi Hala a birnin Alkahira a shekarar 1957. Ita ce shugabar farko da aka zaɓa a tsangayar tattalin arziki da kimiyyar siyasa daga shekarun 2011 zuwa 2016 a Jami'ar Alkahira.  Ta kuma riƙe muƙamin mataimakiyar shugaban jami'ar Alkahira kan harkokin bincike na kimiya da huldtar waje daga watan Satumba 2013 zuwa 2016.  

## cancanta
Hala tana da digiri kamar haka:  

* Daktar Falsafa a fannin Tattalin Arziki daga Sashen Tattalin Arziki da Kimiyyar Siyasa daga Jami'ar Alkahira- a 1989
* Digiri na biyu a fannin tattalin arziki tare da ingantattun maki daga tsangayar tattalin arziki da kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Alkahira a 1983   

## Manazarta
Faiza Abou el-Naga

**Faiza Abou el-Naga** 'yar siyasa ce ta Masar wacce ta riƙe muƙamin ministar tsare-tsare da haɗin gwiwar ƙasa da ƙasa ta Masar a zamanin Mubarak da kuma lokacin mika mulki. Shugaba Abdel Fattah El Sisi ne ya naɗa ta a matsayin mai ba wa shugaban ƙasar Masar shawara kan harkokin tsaro.

## Sana'a da ayyuka
Abou el-Naga ita ministar tsare-tsare da haɗin gwiwar ƙasa da ƙasa a majalisar ministocin da Ahmed Nazif ya jagoranta.  Ta ci gaba da riƙe muƙaminta a majalisar ministocin da ta gabata. Ta kasance mamba a jam'iyyar National Democratic Party kuma ta yi aiki a sakatariyar manufofinta. 

An bayar da rahoton cewa, Faiza Abou el-Naga ita ce babba wacce ta ingiza matakin da aka ɗauka a ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairu, 2012   na tuhumar mambobin kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu 43 a Masar da laifin yin aiki ba tare da lasisin da ake buƙata ba, shawarar da ta yi matukar dagula dangantaka da Amurka. 

## Manazarta
Manal Awad Mikhail

**Manal Awad Mikhail **'yar siyasa ce ta Masar wacce ita ce mace ta farko ministar ci gaban gida a Masar.    A da, ita ce gwamna    na Damietta, Masar, a matsayin mace ta farko da ta zama gwamna Kirista 'yar Koftik kuma mace ta biyu gwamna a Masar.    Manal Awad Mikhail ita ce mataimakiyar gwamnan Giza.

## Ilimi
Manal Awad Mikhail ta kammala karatun kimiyyar dabbobi daga Jami'ar Benha. Tana da digiri na biyu da digiri na uku a fannin kimiyyar ɗabi'a daga Jami'ar Alexandria a shekarar 1999. 

## Manazarta
Farkhonda Hassan

**Farkhonda Hassan** (1930 - 30 Oktoba 2020)  farfesa ce a fannin ilimin ƙasa  a Jami'ar Amurka da ke birnin Alkahira kuma ta kasance shugabar Hukumar Cigaban Ɗan Adam da Gudanar da Ƙaramar Hukumar Shura.  

## Ilimi
Hassan ta yi karatun BSc a Chemistry da Geology daga Jami'ar Alkahira, MSc a Solid State Science daga Jami'ar Amurka da ke Alkahira, sannan ta yi digiri na uku a fannin ilimin ƙasa daga Jami'ar Pittsburgh (Amurka).  Ta kuma sami Diploma a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da ilimi a Jami'ar Ain Shams da ke Masar.

## Aiki
Farkhonda Hassan ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban kwamitin ba da shawara kan jinsi na hukumar kimiya da fasaha ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kuma sakatare-janar  (2001) kuma memba a majalisar mata ta ƙasa a Masar tun a t2000. A matsayinta na scientist, ƴar siyasa, kuma ƙwararriyar ci gaba, tana da sana'ar da ta ta'allaka kan dalilan mata a cikin manufofi, ayyukan jama'a, kimiyya, bayanai da fasaha, aikin zamantakewa a matakin tushen ciyawa, ilimi da al'adu, da sauran fannoni. Dangantakar ta da kungiyoyi na ƙasa da ƙasa, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, bincike da cibiyoyin ilimi sun karkata ne zuwa ga karfafa mata.  Farkhonda Hassanya ti aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara na ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma ƙwararriya ga shirye-shiryen ƙasa da ƙasa da yawa waɗanda ƙungiyoyin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya daban-daban suka shirya kamar UNIFEM, UNDP, INSTRAW da UNESCO.

## Manazarta
Heba Hagrass

**Heba Hagrass** ƙwararriya ce kan zamantakewar al'umma ta Masar. Ta kasance memba a Majalisar Wakilan Masar daga shekarun 2015 zuwa 2020 kuma ta zama mai ba da rahoto na musamman na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan hakkin naƙasassu a shekarar 2023.

## Rayuwa
Hagrass tsohuwar jami'ar Amurka ce a Alkahira.  Ta sami digirin digirgir a karatun naƙasassu a Ingila a Jami'ar Leeds a shekarar 2010.  A cikin shekarar 2013 a matsayin "mai ba da shawara na Masar don haƙƙin mutanen da ke da naƙasa a yankin Larabawa" ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka sanya hannu kan wata wasika da ke kira ga Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da ta amince da haƙƙin mutanen masu naƙasa. Ta taka rawar gani wajen tsara Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin Mutanen da ke da naƙasa. Ta kasance a cikin Ƙungiyar Naƙasassun Duniya wacce ta kirkiro Mataki na 6. Ta wakilci mata masu naƙasa.

Ita ce babbar sakatariyar harkokin naƙasassu ta Masarawa har zuwa shekara ta 2015. A wannan shekarar ta zama mamba a majalisar dokokin Masar inda ta shafe shekaru biyar tana wakiltar naƙasassu. Ta shiga cikin tsara sabbin dokoki guda biyar a madadinsu. 

A cikin watan Nuwamba 2023 ta zama Mai ba da rahoto na musamman kan haƙƙin naƙasassu. Wannan matsayi ce ta sa kai kuma Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam ta zaɓe ta daga cikin masu nema.  Ta bi Catalina Devandas Aguilar na Costa Rica da Farfesan Irish Gerard Quinn wanda ya kasance na farko da na biyu. 

A lokacin yakin Isra'ila da Hamas ta yi magana a madadin naƙasassu a Gaza. Ta roki dukkan waɗanda abin ya shafa da su baiwa mutane damar samun abinci, magunguna da sauran kayayyakin da ake buktata, bisa la’akari da ka’idojin yarjejeniyar kare hakkin naƙasassu  na kula da fararen hula ba tare da la’akari da iyawarsu ba. 

A cikin watan Maris 2024 ta halarci taro na 22 - zama na 55 na Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Ɗan Adam don bayar da rahoto da shiga tattaunawar.  A watan Satumba ta kai ziyarar aiki a Kyrgyzstan. 

## Manazarta
Nadia Makram Ebeid

**Nadia Makram Ebeid**  wata ɗaliba ce ta ƙasar Masar wacce ta yi ministar muhalli ta kasance mace ta farko 'yar ƙasar Masar da ta yi aiki a wannan muƙami.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Ebeid ta fito daga dangin 'yan Koftik asalin  Qena inda kawunta shine ɗan siyasa Makram Ebeid.  Ɗan uwanta shine Mona Makram-Ebeid. 

Ebeid ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin fasaha daga Jami'ar Amurka ta Alkahira a shekarar 1977.  An naɗa ta a matsayin ministar muhalli a watan Yulin 1997 a wani garambawul na majalisar ministocin da Firai Minista Kamal Ganzouri ta jagoranta.  An kafa sabon ofishin, kuma Ebeid ta zama ministar muhalli na farko a Masar.  Ta ci gaba da yin hidima a ofishin har zuwa shekara ta 2002.  A lokacin da take kan mulki, ta kuma kasance mataimakiyar shugabar ofishin zartarwa na majalisar ministocin Larabawa mai alhakin muhalli (CAMRE) da kuma kwamitin amintattu na Cibiyar Muhalli da Ci gaban yankin Larabawa da Turai (CEDARE).  A tsakanin shekarar 2002 zuwa 2003 ita ce mataimakiyar zaman lafiya ta farko ta kungiyar ƙasashen Larabawa a Sudan.  Ta kasance farfesa mai ziyara a Jami'ar George Washington, Amurka.  Tun daga shekarar 2016 ita ce babbar darektan CEDARE. 

## Manazarta
Mawakan kuka

**Mawakan kuka** shine kundi na studio na bakwai (kuma kundi na huɗu mara haɗin gwiwa) na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka Cike da Jahannama. An fitar da kundin a ranar 17 ga Mayu, 2019 kuma yana aiki azaman sakin farko na ƙungiyar ta Rikodin Komawa. Kurt Ballou na Converge ne ya yi amfani da Kuka Choir, wanda a baya ya yi Full of Hell's 2017 album studio Trumpeting Ecstasy.   

## Rubutu da Rikodin
Tun da kundi na ƙarshe, da yawa daga cikin membobin Cikakkun Jahannama sun ƙaura zuwa garuruwa daban-daban. Saboda wannan, Kuka Choir ya zama na farko Cikakkun kundi na Jahannama da za a rubuta ba tare da dukan membobin band a cikin wani aiki sarari. A wannan lokacin, mawallafin guitar kuma marubucin firamare Spencer Hazard ya rubuta cikakkun waƙoƙi a cikin ɗakin kwanansa da kansa kuma ƙungiyar za ta taru don yin amfani da sabon kayan kusan sau ɗaya ko sau biyu a wa hsta saboda sabon nauyin "manyan" nasu. Hazard ya ce wannan sabuwar hanyar yin rubutu ta haifar da wasu wakoki masu sarkakiya da kalubale da aka taba kirkirowa. Ya ce: "Wannan rikodin tabbas yana da sassan da na rubuta riff kuma yana da kyau sosai, amma da zarar mun taru mun kasance kamar, 'Wannan shi ne a cikin wani sa hannun sa hannu na lokaci mai ban mamaki ban ma san yadda za a ƙidaya shi ba,' irin abu. Ko da lokacin da muka shiga ɗakin studio, Kurt [Ballou] ya kasance kamar, 'Ban san lokacin sa hannu ba.'"

Mawakan kuka suna alamar kundi na biyu na Cikakkun Jahannama wanda Kurt Ballou, mawaƙin mawaƙa na ƙungiyar Hardcore Converge, wanda ya yi aiki tare da Cikakken Jahannama akan kundi na farko, Trumpeting Ecstasy. Cikakkun Jahannama ya ruwaito cewa Ballou ya tura ƙungiyar da ƙarfi a wannan lokacin fiye da da, amma a ƙarshe ya fi ɗaukar sautin wasan kwaikwayonsu na raye-raye daga duk faya-fayen su har zuwa yau. Hazard ya kara da cewa: "[A kan] busa kaho irin ya bar mu mu yi namu abu. Amma a wannan karon tabbas ya kasance kamar, 'A'a, sake yi. Kuna iya yin mafi kyau.' Ina jin kamar ya sami damar samun kyawu daga gare mu a wannan lokacin."
 

 

## Manazarta
Ushra da Jangali

{| class="wikitable" align="right"
|+ **Ushra da Jangali**
|-
!

**Ushra da Jangali** haraji ne da aka saba karɓa a zamanin da a yankunan Hausawa, musamman a lokacin daular Musulunci da kuma zamanin mulkin sarauta. Sun shafi noma da kuma kiwo, inda ushra ke shafar manoma, yayin da jangali ke shafar makiyaya.

## Ushra
Ushra haraji ne da ake karɓa daga amfanin gona, musamman a tsarin Musulunci. Ana cire kaso ɗaya cikin goma (1/10) na amfanin noma daga manoma, sannan a bayar da shi a matsayin haraji ko sadaka. Wannan tsari yana da dangantaka da zakka da ake bayarwa a Musulunci.
A wasu lokuta, ushra na iya kasancewa ƙarin haraji da masu mulki ke karɓa daga manoma. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen kula da masarautu, addini, da kuma jin daɗin al'umma.

## Jangali
**Jangali** kuwa haraji ne da ake karɓa daga makiyaya bisa adadin dabbobinsu, musamman shanu. Ana amfani da kudin jangali wajen kula da rayuwar makiyaya,: 
* kamar Gina rijiyoyi don makiyaya 
* Kare hakkokin makiyaya
* Samar da tsaro a filayen kiwo
Harajin jangali yana taimakawa wajen tabbatar da cewa makiyaya na da gudunmawa a cikin tattalin arziki da shugabanci.

## Manazarta
Mihail na Bulgaria

**Mihail** (Church Slavonic: Михаилъ Bulgarian: Михаил) ko Michael shi ne ɗan fari na Sarkin sarakuna Saminu I The Great. Ranar haihuwarsa ba a san shi ba, amma kafin 900. An haifi Mihail ga matar Saminu ta farko.

Mahaifin Mihail Saminu ya gwammace ya naɗa ɗansa Peter I a matsayin magajin gadon sarauta, wataƙila saboda an haifi Bitrus ga abokin aurensa na biyu (kuma na ƙarshe), kuma Mihail zai ɗauki alkawuran zuhudu kuma ya zama zuhudu. Duk da haka, ya ji an yi watsi da shi kuma yana so ya hau gadon sarauta da karfi.

Lokacin da Bitrus ya zama Sarkin sarakuna a shekara ta 927, yariman ya yi nasarar tserewa daga gidan sufi kuma ya kama wani kagara a yankin Makidoniya inda ya bayyana manufofinsa a fili. Da farko Mihail ya samu ‘yar nasara, yayin da ‘yan Bulgaria da dama suka bi sahun ‘yan tawaye don goyon bayansa, amma mutuwarsa ta bazata ta lalata shirin magoya bayansa kuma ta tilasta musu tserewa daga Bulgaria.

## Manazarta