Antjie Krog

**Antjie Krog** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1952) marubuciya ce kuma masanin kimiyya a Afirka ta Kudu, wacce aka fi sani da waƙarta ta Afrikaans, rahotonta game da Hukumar Gaskiya da Sulhu, da kuma littafinta na 1998 Country of My Skull . A shekara ta 2004, ta shiga fannin fasaha na Jami'ar Western Cape a matsayin Farfesa na Musamman.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi

An haifi Krog a shekara ta 1952 a cikin dangin marubuta na Afrikaner, kuma 'yar marubucin Afrikaans Dot Serfontein ce. Ta girma a wani gona a Kroonstad, Orange Free State . 

Ayyukanta na wallafe-wallafen ya fara ne a shekarar 1970 lokacin da, a lokacin da John Vorster ya kasance mai wariyar launin fata, ta rubuta waka mai adawa da wariyar launin fatara mai taken "My mooi land" ("My beautiful country") don mujallar makarantar ta. Waƙar ta buɗe tare da layin, "Kyk, ek bou vir my 'n land / waar 'n vel Ник tel nie" ("Ina gina kaina ƙasa inda launi na fata bai da mahimmanci"). Ya haifar da tashin hankali a cikin al'ummarta masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da ke magana da harshen Afrikaans kuma an ruwaito shi a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na kasa. Littafin waka na farko na Krog, *Dogter van Jefta* ("Yar Jephta"), an buga shi jim kadan bayan haka, yayin da Krog ke da goma sha bakwai kawai. "My mooi land" daga baya Ronnie Kasrils ya fassara shi kuma an buga shi a cikin fitowar Janairu 1971 na *Secheba*, littafin hukuma na African National Congress (ANC) a London. An ruwaito cewa dan takarar ANC Ahmed Kathrada ya karanta waka da babbar murya bayan an sake shi daga Tsibirin Robben.  

Krog yana da BA (Hons)  daga Jami'ar Orange Free State (1976), MA a Afrikaans daga Jami'an Pretoria (1983), da kuma difloma na koyarwa daga Jami'in Afirka ta Kudu.

## Ayyuka

### 1980s: Mawallafi kuma mai fafutuka
A cikin 1980s da farkon 1990s, tana zaune tare da mijinta da ƙananan yara a Kroonstad, Krog ta koyar a makarantar sakandare da kwalejin malamai. A Kroonstad, ta kasance mai aiki a siyasa - tana halartar tarurruka da zanga-zangar ANC - kuma ta shiga cikin Congress of South African Writers, wanda aka kafa a 1987.  An gayyace ta don karanta waka a wani taron "Free Mandela" a garin Maokeng .  Ayyukanta na adawa da wariyar launin fata a wannan lokacin, da kuma ƙiyayya da suka haifar tsakanin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, sune batun aikinta na farko, *Relaas van 'n plas* (1995; "Aƙididdigar Kisan kai"). 

### 1990s: Jarida a TRC
A shekara ta 1993, Krog ya zama editan jaridar Afirkaans ta yanzu, Die Suid-Afrikaan ("Afirka ta Kudu"). 

Daga 1995 zuwa 2000, ta kasance 'yar jaridar rediyo a Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Afirka ta Kudu (SABC).  Ta jagoranci ƙungiyar rediyo da ta rufe Hukumar Gaskiya da Sulhu (TRC) daga 1996 zuwa 1998, kuma rahotonta a wannan lokacin ya zama tushen aikinta na biyu, Country of My Skull (1998).  Krog ta ba da rahoton a ƙarƙashin sunan aurenta, Antjie Samuel . 

### Shekaru na 2000-yanzu: marubuci, masanin kimiyya, da kuma ilimi na jama'a
A cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, Krog ya buga kundin uku na sababbin shayari, littattafai huɗu da littafi na litattafai, da fassarori da yawa, gami da biyu daga harsunan asalin Afirka. Krog ya kuma fassara tarihin Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom, zuwa Afrikaans. Tana fassara daga yaren Dutch zuwa yaren Afrikaans a matsayin aikin rubutu.

Bayan wallafa littafin Country of My Skull, Krog ya ba da jerin laccoci game da TRC a Turai da Amurka. Kwanan nan, ta koyar da darasi kan fassara a Cibiyar Nazarin Littattafai da Al'umma ta Jami'ar Columbia. Ta kasance marubuci mai zama a Gidauniyar Dutch don Littattafai a farkon 2019, a Jami'ar Ghent a 2020, kuma a Jami'an Leiden a cikin kaka na 2021.

Tun daga shekara ta 2004, ta kasance Farfesa ta Musamman a Jami'ar Western Cape kuma mai bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin Harsuna da Bambance-bambance, kuma tana wallafa sukar adabi a kai a kai.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Krog ta auri masanin gine-gine John Samuel .  Tana da 'ya'ya hudu - Andries, Susan, Philip, da Willem - da jikoki 11.

## Waƙoƙi
Krog ta buga littafinta na farko na aya, *Dogter van Jefta* ("Yar Jephta"), a cikin 1970. Tun daga wannan lokacin ta wallafa wasu kundin da yawa. Waƙoƙinta galibi tarihin rayuwa ne, wanda ya haɗa da tunani game da soyayya da alhakin masu fasaha, kuma tun daga shekarun 1980s sau da yawa tana hulɗa da siyasa ta launin fata da jinsi. Krog ta ce tarin ta na shida, Jerusalemgangers (1985), ita ce ta farko da ta sami "cikakken tushe na siyasa. "  Ta rubuta mafi yawa a cikin ayoyi kyauta.

Waƙoƙin Krog suna da yabo sosai a Afirka ta Kudu. Ta lashe lambar yabo ta Hertzog guda biyu da sauran kyaututtuka na kasa da yawa. An fassara waƙarta zuwa Turanci, Yaren mutanen Holland, Faransanci, da sauran harsuna da yawa. An fara buga shi a Turanci a cikin Down to My Last Skin (2000).

Da yake nazarin Kleur kom neen tot nie (2000), Leon de Kock ya rubuta, "Ta yi lalata da dukiya, jima'i da siyasa... ta ki daina ƙoƙarin yin magana da muryoyin ƙasar. "  A cikin littafin J.M. Coetzee Diary of a Bad Year, babban hali ya ce wannan na Krog:Taken ta babba ne: kwarewar tarihi a Afirka ta Kudu na rayuwarta. Ikonta a matsayin mawaki ya karu ne don mayar da martani ga ƙalubalen, yana ƙin zama karami. Cikakken gaskiya da aka goyi bayan da hankali, na mata, da kuma jiki na kwarewar zuciya don jawowa... Babu wanda ke rubutawa a cikin fararen zafi. Abubuwan da suka faru na Antjie Krog sun buge ni a matsayin Rasha. A Afirka ta Kudu, kamar yadda yake a Rasha, rayuwa na iya zama mummunan; amma yadda ruhun jaruntaka ke tsalle don amsawa! 

## Prose da wadanda ba fiction ba
An fi saninta da littafinta Country of My Skull (1998), wanda ya dogara da abubuwan da ta samu na bayar da rahoto game da TRC . Ya ƙunshi abubuwa na duka abubuwan tunawa da kuma takardun shaida, kuma daga baya an yi wasan kwaikwayo a cikin Fim na 2004 wanda Samuel L. Jackson da Juliette Binoche suka fito. A Change of Tongue (2003), aikin Krog na biyu a cikin Turanci, yana nuna ci gaban da aka samu - a Afirka ta Kudu da kuma rayuwar Krog - tun lokacin Zaben dimokuradiyya na farko a shekarar 1994.  Haɗuwa ta zamani ta fiction, shayari, da rahoto, tana haɗa nau'ikan tarihin rayuwa tare da labarun wasu don yin rubuce-rubuce game da gwagwarmaya don ainihi, gaskiya da ceto. Taken littafin yana da ma'anoni na siyasa da na sirri: raguwar rawar da Afrikaans ke takawa a cikin jawabin jama'a ana nuna shi a cikin jirgin kansa zuwa Turanci a matsayin yaren aikinta. Da yake ba da labarin tarurrukan da ta yi da Mandela yayin da take fassara tarihin rayuwarsa zuwa Afrikaans, ta yi tunani game da dangantakarta da harshen Afrikaans, wanda ya kasance da alaƙa da wariyar launin fata. Addu'a ya zama Black (2009) yana da irin wannan nau'i da irin wannan damuwa game da rubutun Krog na baya a Turanci, kuma mai bugawa ya tallata shi a matsayin na uku a cikin wani labari mai ban sha'awa.

*Akwai Wannan Goat: Binciken Hukumar Gaskiya Shaidar Notrose Nobomvu Konile* (2009) aiki ne na ilimi wanda ba na almara ba, wanda aka rubuta tare da Nosisi Mpolweni da Kopano Ratele . Littafin ya biyo bayan yunkurin marubutan don fahimtar kwarewar mace marar aure, wanda shaidar TRC game da mutuwar ɗanta, wanda aka bayar a Xhosa, ta yi kama da baƙon abu da ba a fahimta ga waɗanda ke sauraron fassarar Turanci ba.

Rubuce-rubucen J.M. Coetzee da Njabulo Ndebele sun rinjayi rubutun Krog, da kuma wasu ayyukan da aka fassara daga harsunan asalin Afirka, wanda tare ta ce "ta ceci rayuwarta":[her]Rubuce-rubucen Afirka sun ba ni damar yin amfani da ra'ayi na duniya wanda na rayu da ita duk rayuwata, amma ban san da gaske ba (zurfin zurfinta, zurfinta da kyakkyawa), yayin da Coetzee ya ba ni kayan aiki don yin ma'ana mai ma'ana daga ciki.

## Wasanni da gyare-gyaren wasan kwaikwayo
Wasanni na mataki na Krog kawai, Lokacin da yake da shi ne di wat voor toyi-toyi so vet?  ("Me ya sa wadanda ke toyi-toyi a gaba koyaushe suna da ƙiba?") an yi su ne a 1999, a buɗewa a bikin Aardklop Arts .  Marthinus Basson ne ya ba da umarnin wasan. A 1999/2000 FNB Vita Regional Theatre Awards (Bloemfontein), an zabi samar da lambar yabo bakwai, gami da Mafi kyawun samarwa da Mafi kyawun Rubutun Sabon Wasan Afirka ta Kudu. A cikin kalmomin Krog, wasan game da "ƙoƙarin kabilun biyu don shiga tattaunawa".

An shirya fassarar Krog ta Afrikaans na *Mama Medea* ta Tom Lanoye a Afirka ta Kudu a shekara ta 2002, kuma a karkashin jagorancin Basson. *<nowiki/>'n Ander tongval*, fassarar Afrikaans na littafinta A Change of Tongue, Saartjie Botha ne ya daidaita shi don gidan wasan kwaikwayo kuma an shirya shi a cikin 2008 a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Jaco Bouwer . 

## Zargin satar mutane
A shekara ta 2006, mawaki Stephen Watson, shugaban sashen Ingilishi a Jami'ar Cape Town, ya zargi Krog da satar bayanai. A rubuce-rubuce a cikin wani bita na wallafe-wallafen da ake kira New Contrast, ya ce Country of My Skull ya yi amfani da kalmomi daga rubutun Ted Hughes na 1976, "Myth and Education". Watson ya kuma yi iƙirarin cewa manufar Die sterre sê 'tsau', zaɓi na 2004 na waƙoƙin asali da Krog ya shirya kuma ya fassara, an cire shi daga irin wannan tarin da ya buga a 1991. Krog ta musanta zarge-zargen, tana mai cewa ba ta san rubutun Hughes ba har sai bayan da ta buga Country of My Skull, kuma ta ba da izini ga tushen ta a Die sterre sê 'tsau'. 

## Ayyuka

### Waƙoƙi

* *Dogter van Jefta* (1970) 
* *Januarie-ci gaba* (1972) 
* *Beminde Antarktika* (1974) 
* *Mannin* (1974) 
* *Otters a cikin Bronslaai* (1981) 
* Masu gwagwarmayar Urushalima (1985) 
* *Lady Anne* (1989; fassarar Turanci: *Lady Anne: Tarihi a cikin Aya*, 2017) 
* An samo shi a shekara ta 1989-1995 (1995) 
* *Kayan aiki a kan dusar ƙanƙara* (2000) 
* *Verweerskrif* (2005; fassarar Turanci: Body Bereft, 2006) 
* Mede-wete (2014; Fassarar Turanci: *Synapse*, 2014) 
* Fashewa (2022);  Fassarar Turanci: Fashewa, 2022) 

**Waƙoƙin da aka tattara**

* Eerste gedigte (2004) 
* Digter wordende: 'n Cairo (2009), wanda Krog ya tattara
* 'n Vry Wor (2020), wanda Karen de Wet ta tattara

**Zaɓuɓɓukan waƙoƙi a cikin fassarar Turanci**

* Sauka zuwa Ƙarƙashin Ƙarshe (2000) 
* *Fata* (2013) 

**Waƙoƙi ga yara**

* *Mankepank a cikin wasu dodanni* (1989) 
* *Voëls van anderste vere* (1992) 
* *Fynbosfeetjies* (2007; fassarar Turanci: *Fynbos Fairies*), tare da Fiona Moodie 

### Littattafan waka

* Die trek die aan dye (1998), tarin waƙoƙin Afrikaans masu ban sha'awa, wanda aka shirya tare da Johann na Lange
* Met salt sous met kerse (2002), wani zaɓi na shayari a cikin yarukan Afirka ta Kudu na asali, wanda Krog ya shirya kuma ya fassara zuwa Afrikaans
* Die sterre sê 'tsau' (2004), zaɓi na waƙoƙin San 35, wanda Krog ya shirya kuma ya fassara zuwa Afrikaans

### Prose da wadanda ba fiction ba

* *Relaas van 'n plas* (1995; fassarar Turanci: Bayani na Kisan kai, 1997) 
* Kasar kwanyar da nake ciki (1998) 
* *Canjin Harshe* (2003) 
* *Yin roƙo ya zama baƙar fata* (2009) 
* *Akwai Wannan Goat: Binciken Hukumar Gaskiya Shaidar Notrose Nobomvu Konile* (2009), tare da Nosisi Mpolweni da Kopano Ratele 
* *Yanayi na Yanayi: Tunawa da Kalmomi bayan Hukumar Gaskiya da Sulhu ta Afirka ta Kudu* (2013) 

### Gidan wasan kwaikwayo

* *Abin da ya faru shi ne, "Shin ya faru ne".* (1999)

### Fassara

* *Lang pad a vryheid* (2000), daga Turanci Long Walk to Freedom by Nelson Mandela
* *Domein van glas* (2002), daga tarihin Dutch Een Mond vol Glas na Henk van Woerden
* *Mama Medea* (2002), daga wasan kwaikwayo na Dutch / Flemish *Mama Medea* na Tom Lanoye
* Black Butterflies: Zaɓaɓɓun Waƙoƙi (2007), tare da André Brink, daga waƙoƙin Afrikaans na Ingrid Jonker
* Die Maanling (2021), daga littafin yara na Turanci The *Moonling* (2018) na Tjaart Lehmacher da Paula Oelofsen 

## Awards
**Waƙoƙi**

* Kyautar Eugene Marais (1973), don Januarie-suite 
* Kyautar Reina Prinsen Geerligs (1976) 
* Kyautar Rahoton (1987), ga masu yawon bude ido na Urushalima 
* Kyautar Hertzog (1990), don *Lady Anne* 
* FNB Vita Poetry Award (2000), don Down to My Last Skin 
* RAU-Prys vir Skeppende Skryfwerk (2001), don Kleur kom neen a kan nie 
* Kyautar Protea don mafi kyawun shayari na Afrikaans (2006), don *Verweerskrif* 
* Kyautar Elisabeth Eybers (2015), don Mede-wete 
* Kyautar Hertzog (2017), don Mede-wete 

**Magana**

* Kyautar Alan Paton don Non-Fiction (1999), don Ƙasar Gashin kaina 
* Nielsen Booksellers' Choice Award (1999), don Kasar Gashin kaina 
* Kyautar Olive Schreiner (2000), don Ƙasar Gashin kaina 
* Nielsen Booksellers' Choice Award (2004), don *Canjin Harshe* 

**Fassara**

* Kyautar Cibiyar Masu Fassara ta Afirka ta Kudu don Kyakkyawan Fassara (2001-3), don Met sous ya haɗu da kerse 

**Jarida**

* Kyautar Ƙungiyar Wakilan Kasashen Waje (1996) 
* Medal na Pringle don kyawawan ayyuka ga aikin jarida na Afirka ta Kudu (1997) 

Dukkanin lambobin yabo na aikin jarida an raba su tare da sauran ƙungiyar bayar da rahoto ta TRC ta SABC. 

**Nasarar rayuwa**

* Kyautar Gidauniyar Al'adun Zaman Lafiya ta Hiroshima (2000)  
* Klein Karoo Nasionale Kunstefees Afrikaans Onbeperk Award for innovative thinking (2004) 
* Kyautar Open Society ta Jami'ar Turai ta Tsakiya (2005) 
* Kyautar SALA Rayuwa ta Rayuwa (2015) 
* Gouden Ganzenveer (2018) 

An kuma ba Krog digirin digirin girmamawa daga Cibiyar Nazarin Tavistock a Jami'ar Gabashin London, Jami'ar Stellenbosch, Jami'a ta Free State, da Jami'ar Nelson Mandela Metropolitan . 
 

## Manazarta

## Ƙarin karantawa
**Afrikaans:**

* Conradie, Pieter. *Tun daga nan ne a cikin Antjie Krog-teks.* Elserivier: Nasionale Handelsdrukkery, 1996. 
* Van Niekerk, Jacomien. *<nowiki/>'Baie Sin': ainihi a cikin transformasie ta Antjie Krog.* Pretoria: Van Schaik, 2016. 
* [Hasiya] *Ya zo kusa da haka: Karin nan da nan ya mutu a cikin wani aiki na van Antjie Krog.* Stellenbosch: Sun Press, 2009. 

**Turanci:**

* Beukes, Marthinus. "Haihuwar 'sabuwar mace': Antjie Krog da gynogenesis a matsayin jawabin iko". A cikin Canjin Yanayi: Rubuce-rubucen Bayan wariyar launin fata a kan Mass Media, Al'adu da Gaskiya (ed. Herman Wasserman & Sean Jacobs), 167-180. Birnin Cape Town: Kwela, 2003. 
* Brown, David & Krog, Antjie. "Creative non-fiction: tattaunawa" (tambaya). *Rubuce-rubuce na yanzu* 23 (1):57-70, 2011. DOI: 10.1080/1013929X.2011.572345
* Garman, Anthea. *Antjie Krog da Post-Apartheid Public Sphere: Magana da Waƙoƙi ga Mulki.* Pietermaritzburg: Jami'ar KwaZulu-Natal Press, 2015. 
* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] "'Ni, ni, ni, nawa!': Tarihin rayuwa da 'Ni'". *Binciken Kwalejin Turanci* 22:100-107, 2005. DOI: 10.1080/10131750485310111
* [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga Ibrananci da aka yi amfani da shi. *Antjie Krog: Da'a ta Jiki da Sauran.* Pietermaritzburg: Jami'ar KwaZulu-Natal Press, 2014. 
* McDonald, Peter D. "Bayan fassarar: Antjie Krog vs. 'harshe na uwa'". A cikin Artefacts of Writing: Ideas of the State and Communities of Letters daga Matthew Arnold zuwa Xu Bing . Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017. 
* Strauss, Helene. "Daga Afrikaner zuwa Afirka: fari da siyasar fassara a cikin Antjie Krog's A Change of Tongue". Asalin Afirka 4 (2):179-194, 2006. DOI: 10.1080/14725840600761112
* [Hasiya] "Mahaifiyar a matsayin pre-text: (auto) rubutun tarihin rayuwa a cikin Antjie Krog's A Change of Tongue". *Rubuce-rubuce na yanzu* 19 (2):187-209, 2007. DOI: 10.1080/1013929X.2007.9678280
* [Hasiya] "Fassara da canji: Fassarar Antjie Krog na asalin asalin Afirka ta Kudu zuwa Afrikaans". *Bincike2* 11 (1):32-45, 2006. DOI: 10.1080/18125441.2006.9684200
* Yamma, Maryamu. "Matsayi na sole / rai: inuwa na fari a cikin Antjie Krog's A Change of Tongue". A cikin White Women Writing White: Gaskiya da wakilci a cikin (Post-) Littattafan wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu . Cape Town: Littattafan Sabuwar Afirka, 2012. 
* Wicomb, Zoë "Tattafai biyar na Afrikaner da kuma farfado da fari". Asalin zamantakewa 23 (1):363-383, 1998

## Haɗin waje

* Bidiyo na shirin talabijin wanda ke nuna Krog
* "Gafarta ta Afirka - ta yi yawa ga Yammaci" (magana ta buɗewa don Bikin Littattafan Duniya na Berlin na 2004)