Amurka da yarjejeniyar Paris

A watan Afrilun 2016, Amurka ta zama mai rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar Paris game da rage sauyin yanayi, kuma ta amince da shi ta hanyar zartarwa a watan Satumba na 2016. Shugaba Obama ya ba da gudummawar dalar Amurka biliyan 3 ga Asusun Kula da Yanayi na Green. A ranar 1 ga Yuni, 2017, shugaban Amurka *Donald Trump* ya ba da sanarwar cewa Amurka za ta daina shiga cikin yarjejeniyar Paris ta 2015 game da rage sauyin yanayi, yana mai cewa yarjejeniyar za ta "raguza" tattalin arzikin Amurka, kuma ta sanya Amurka "cikin nakasu na dindindin".

Dangane da sashi na 28 na yarjejeniyar Paris, wata ƙasa ba za ta iya ba da sanarwar janyewa daga yarjejeniyar a cikin shekaru uku na farkon lokacin fara aiki a ƙasar da ta dace, wanda ya kasance a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 2016, dangane da Amurka. Daga baya fadar White House ta fayyace cewa Amurka za ta bi tsarin ficewar na tsawon shekaru hudu. A ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 2019, hukumar ta ba da sanarwar janyewa, wanda ya ɗauki watanni 12 kafin ya fara aiki. Janyewar ta fara aiki ne a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 2020, kwana daya bayan zaben shugaban kasar Amurka na 2020. Duk da haka, har yanzu Amurka dole ne ta ba da rahoton abubuwan da ta ke da shi na iskar gas domin ta kasance a cikin UNFCCC.

Yan Republican da yawa sun goyi bayan shawarar janye Amurka amma ‘yan Democrat sun yi adawa da shi sosai. Koyaya, an soki shi da ƙarfi a cikin Amurka da ƙasashen waje ta hanyar masana muhalli, ƙungiyoyin addini, shugabannin kasuwanci, da masana kimiyya. Bisa ga kuri'un da aka fitar a shekarar 2019, yawancin Amurkawa sun nuna adawa da janyewar. Bayan sanarwar da Trump ya bayar, gwamnonin jihohin Amurka da dama sun kafa kungiyar kawancen sauyin yanayi ta Amurka domin ci gaba da ciyar da manufofin yarjejeniyar Paris a matakin jihohi duk da janyewar gwamnatin tarayya. Tun daga ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2019, jihohi 24, Samoa na Amurka, da Puerto Rico sun shiga ƙawancen, kuma wasu gwamnonin jihohi, masu unguwanni, da 'yan kasuwa ma sun bayyana irin wannan alkawari. Ficewar daga yarjejeniyar ta Paris ya shafi sauran ƙasashe ta hanyar rage taimakon kuɗi zuwa asusun yanayi na Green. Ƙarshen tallafin dala biliyan 3 na Amurka a ƙarshe ya yi tasiri ga binciken sauyin yanayi kuma ya rage damar al'umma ta cimma manufofin yarjejeniyar Paris, da kuma watsi da gudummawar da Amurka ke bayarwa ga rahotannin IPCC na gaba. Hakanan ya shafi sararin samaniyar carbon da kuma farashin carbon. Janyewar da Amurka ta yi ya kuma nuna cewa, wurin da za a karbe tsarin yanayin yanayi na duniya ya kasance ga kasar Sin da EU.

Bayan zaben shugaban kasa na 2020, zababben shugaban kasa Joe Biden ya sha alwashin sake shiga yarjejeniyar Paris a ranar farko da ya hau kan karagar mulki. A ranar 20 ga Janairu, 2021, jim kaɗan bayan rantsar da shi, Shugaba Biden ya rattaba hannu kan wata doka ta sake shiga yarjejeniyar. Amurka ta sake shiga yarjejeniyar Paris a hukumance a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu, 2021, kwanaki 107 bayan janyewar ta fara aiki. A ranar 20 ga Janairu, 2025, jim kadan bayan rantsar da shi karo na biyu, shugaba Trump ya rattaba hannu kan wata doka ta janye Amurka daga yarjejeniyar a karo na biyu.

## Bayanan baya da kuma tabbatarwa
Yarjejeniyar ta Paris wani kari ne ga tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan sauyin yanayi (UNFCCC), da farko da dukkan kasashe 195 da suka halarci taron sauyin yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya suka amince da shi a watan Disamba na shekarar 2015, ciki har da Amurka a lokacin karkashin jagorancin Barack Obama. Saboda matsayin Amurka da Sin a matsayin manyan masu fitar da iskar Carbon Dioxide, ana ganin goyon bayan Obama da hadin gwiwarsa da kasar Sin a matsayin manyan abubuwan da suka kai ga cimma nasarar taron tun da wuri.

Babban manufar yarjejeniyar ita ce a ci gaba da samun karuwar yawan zafin jiki a duniya zuwa kasa da 2 ° C sama da matakan masana'antu", galibi ta hanyar rage hayakin iskar gas. Yarjejeniyar ta sha bamban da yarjejeniyar Kyoto ta 1997, kwaskwarima ta karshe da aka amince da ita ga UNFCCC, ta yadda ba a kafa wasu kasashe da za su iya raba kasa da kasa masu tasowa ba. An yi shawarwari kuma za a aiwatar da shi da son rai, wanda hakan ya sa jami'an Amurka su ɗauki yarjejeniyar Paris a matsayin yarjejeniya ta zartarwa maimakon wata yarjejeniya ta doka.

A watan Afrilun 2016, Amurka ta zama mai rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar Paris, kuma ta amince da shi ta hanyar zartarwa a watan Satumba na 2016. Shugaba Obama ya ba da gudummawar dalar Amurka biliyan 3 ga Asusun Kula da Yanayi. Asusun ya sanya wa kansa burin tara dala biliyan 100 a shekara nan da shekarar 2020.

## Manazarta