Margaret Burchinal

**Margaret R. Burchinal** (an haife ta a ranar 16 ga Yuni, 1951, a Columbus, Ohio)  masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam ne kuma masanin lissafi wanda aka sani da bincikenta kan kula da yara.  Ita ce babbar masanin kimiyya kuma darakta na Cibiyar Gudanar da Bayanai da Nazarin Cibiyar Ci gaban Yara ta Frank Porter Graham ta Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill .

Burchinal ta kasance jagorar edita na Society for Research in Child Development monograph Quality Thresholds, Features, and Dosage in Early Care and Education: Secondary Data Analyses of Child Outcomes  kuma co-edita na monograph Best Practices in Quantitative Methods for Developmentalists. 

## Tarihin rayuwa
Burchinal ta kammala summa cum laude tare da digiri na farko a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam daga Jami'ar Jihar Iowa a shekarar 1976.  Daga baya ta halarci Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill (UNCH), inda ta kammala karatu tare da digiri na biyu a ilimi na musamman a shekarar 1978.  Rubutun ta mai suna The Contingent Relationship of Mother and Infant Behaviors in Dyadic Interactions .

Burchinal ta sami digirinta na PhD a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam a UNCH a shekarar 1986. An gudanar da rubutunta, mai taken Methods for Estimating Individual Developmental Functions  a karkashin kulawar Mark Appelbaum.  Wannan binciken ya haɓaka ƙididdigar ƙididdigal na ci gaba don kimanta bambance-bambance na mutum a cikin ci gaban magana a cikin ƙirar Bincike mai tsawo. Kafin ya shiga bangaren koyarwa na Jami'ar North Carolina, Burchinal ya kasance farfesa a fannin ilimi a Jami'ar California, Irvine .  An goyi bayan bincikenta ta hanyar tallafi da kyaututtuka daga Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Yara da Ci gaban Dan Adam ta Kasa da Binciken Manufofin Mathematica Inc . 

## Bincike
Shirin bincike na Burchinal ya bincika tasirin ingancin ilimin yara akan yaren yara da ci gaban fahimta. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai bincike a kan Abecedarian Early Intervention Project, gwajin da aka sarrafa wanda ya kafa fa'idodin ilimin yara na farko ga yara da ke girma cikin talauci. Wannan binciken ya yi rajistar yara sama da 100 da aka haifa a cikin iyalai masu karamin karfi tsakanin 1972 da 1977. An sanya jarirai a cikin rukuni na ilimi na farko, wanda ya sami sa hannun ilimi a cikin kula da yara har zuwa shekaru biyar, ko kuma ga rukuni na kulawa. Harkokin ilimi sun yi amfani da wasanni don karfafa zamantakewa, motsin rai, da wuraren fahimta na ci gaba tare da jaddada ƙwarewar harshe. Binciken da aka yi game da ci gaban yara a shekaru 12, 15, 21, da 30 ya nuna fa'idodi masu tsawo na ilimin yara na farko.

Burchinal ta yi aiki tare da Cibiyar Binciken Kula da Yara ta Farko ta NICHD kan nazarin tasirin dogon lokaci na kula da yara a kan aikin yara daga shekaru 4 zuwa 12. Wannan binciken ya tabbatar da cewa kulawa mafi inganci na yara daga jariri zuwa shigar makaranta yana da alaƙa da ƙamus mafi girma har zuwa shekaru 12. Bugu da ƙari, sun gano cewa ƙarin fallasawa ga kula da yara na cibiyar yana da alaƙa da ƙaruwa da ƙimar halayyar da malami ya bayar da rahoton waje. Wani binciken da ta yi amfani da wannan bayanan ya mayar da hankali kan gibin nasarar Black-White da aka lura tsakanin yara masu karamin karfi a Amurka, kuma sun gano bambance-bambance na rukuni da za a bayyana su da yawa ta hanyar iyali, kula da yara, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru a makaranta.

Burchinal da abokan aikinta sun yi nazarin tasirin dangantakar malamai da ɗaliban su da kuma rawar da ake takawa wajen tallafawa ilmantarwa da ci gaban yara. Binciken su ya nuna yadda kyakkyawar dangantaka tsakanin malamai da ɗaliban su ke da tasiri mai fa'ida ga ƙwarewar ilimi da zamantakewar yara.

## Littattafan wakilci

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## Manazarta