open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Nele Hertling

**Nele Hertling** *née* **Schröder** (an haife shi 23 Fabrairu 1934) manajan gidan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Jamus kuma mai haɓaka sabbin al'adu. Yin aiki don Kwalejin Arts,Berlin,daga1962,ta kafa shirye-shirye na yau da kullun na fasaha na fasaha a cikin birni, kamar Pantomime-Musik-Tanz-Theatre a 1970 da bikin Tanz im Agusta a 1988. Ta gudanar da shirin na Berlin a matsayin birnin Al'adun Turai a waccan shekarar. Ana daukar Hertling a matsayin *babban*  na Jamus (wasan kwaikwayo na kyauta).

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Hertling a Berlin.Ta girma a cikin dangin mawaƙa,kuma an fara fallasa ta ga wasan kwaikwayo da al'adun zamani. Bayan karatun Jamusanci da karatun wasan kwaikwayo a Faculty of Philosophy na Jami'ar Humboldt Berlin,wanda ta kammala a 1957, ta yi aiki mai zaman kansa don rediyo da wasan kwaikwayo. Ta zauna a Landan na tsawon shekara guda tare da mijinta,.Ta yi aiki a Kwalejin Arts, Berlin,daga 1962,a matsayin mataimakiyar bincike a sassan kiɗa da wasan kwaikwayo.  A can, ta kawo sabbin fasahohin fasaha zuwa Berlin. 

Daga 1974, ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin sakatariyar majalisar dattawa.  A cikin 1987, ta ɗauki nauyin gudanarwa na Werkstatt Berlin don haɓaka shirin Berlin a matsayin birnin Al'adun Turai a 1988. Daga 1989 zuwa 2003,ta kasance darektan fasaha na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Hebbel.

Daga lokacin rani na 2003 har zuwa ƙarshen 2006, Hertling ya kasance darektan shirin DAAD Artists-in-Berlin. Ita memba ce kuma mai haɗin gwiwa a cikin ƙungiyoyi da cibiyoyin sadarwa da yawa, gami da IETM (Taron wasan kwaikwayo na Turai na yau da kullun),Theorem,Gulliver Clearing House a Amsterdam,tun 1995 ta kasance memba na"Majalisar Al'adu ta Franco-German"(Shugaba tun 2001). ),Goethe-Institut 's Performing Arts Advisory Board da Kwamitin Amintattu na  .Ita ce wacce ta kafa shirin " "da kuma memba na kungiyar dabarun sa. Tun 2006 ta kasance mataimakiyar shugabar Cibiyar Nazarin Arts,Berlin. Ok

## Aiki
Hertling ya ƙaddamar da shirye-shirye da yawa na sabbin al'adu. Daga 1970,ta ƙirƙiri shirye-shirye da jerin abubuwan da suka faru a Berlin,gami da Pantomime-Musik-Tanz-Theater (PMTT),tare da Dirk Scheper,don pantomime,kiɗa,rawa da wasan kwaikwayo. Daga 1972,an ƙara shirye-shiryen didactic da yawa.A cikin 1988,ta kafa wani biki Tanz im August,wanda ake kira Internationales Tanzfest Berlin - Tanz im Agusta daga 1999 zuwa 2003. Ita ce ke da alhakin,tare da ,don ra'ayi da shirin na Jamus-fadi Festival Theater der Welt (wasan kwaikwayo na duniya).

## Kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka

## Manazarta
Freak Vault

**Freak Vault**, wanda aka fi sani da **Shirt Freak**, wani kamfani ne na siyar da kayan kwalliyar Najeriya, kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan samfuran tufafi na Afirka. 

## Tarihi
An ƙaddamar da Freak Vault a cikin Fabrairu 2017 ta Phillip Ojire. A cikin Satumba 2021, Shirt Freak metamorphosed cikin Freak Vault Group tare da daban-daban rassan kamar Pant Freak, Shoe Freak, Suit Freak, da Tees Freak.

A cikin 2021, Mercy Johnson, Juliet Ibrahim, da Iyabo Ojo sun jagoranci tarin rigunan rigar bazara na Shirt Freak na 2021.

A ranar 25 ga Satumba, 2022, Stan Nze, Eddy Watson, Ifeanyi Kalu, Ex Big Brother Naija 6 abokin gida Pere, da sauran ƴan wasan Nollywood da aka tsara don tarin Freak Vault. 

A cikin 2022, Freak Vault, Thebe Magugu ta Afirka ta Kudu, da sauransu sun kasance cikin manyan samfuran kayan kwalliya na Afirka.

## Ayyuka
Babban abokin ciniki na Shirt Freak na kasa da kasa yana da kashi 36% na tallace-tallacen sa.

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Yanar Gizo na hukuma
Lydia Purdy Hess

**Lydia Purdy Hess**

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Lydia Purdy Hess a ranar 8 ga Afrilu,1866,a Newaygo,Michigan. Ta halarci Makarantar Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago,ta kammala karatun ta a 1886.Dangane da bayanan Makarantar Cibiyar Fasaha,ta yi karatu tare da Désiré Laugée a Académie Delécluse,kuma ta koyar a Makarantar daga 1891 zuwa 1895. yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki ga sculptor Lorado Taft . A cikin 1894,Hess yana zama a St.Charles,Illinois.

## Sana'a
*Hoton Hess na Miss E.&nbsp;*An nuna *H.*a Paris Salon de la Societé Nationale des Beaux-Arts a 1892;a Kwalejin Fine Arts ta Pennsylvania a Philadelphia a farkon 1893; kuma a Baje kolin Columbian na Duniya a Chicago daga baya a cikin 1893.Ana nuna zanen mai a Orchard Lawn, gidan Ma'adinan Tarihi na Ma'adinai. Batun hoton,Miss Ena Hutchison,ta halarci makaranta a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago tare da Hess.Sun yi tafiya zuwa Paris tare a cikin 1891 don yin karatu a Académie Julian,ɗaya daga cikin makarantun fasaha na farko don shigar da mata.

Hess ya auri Charles Doak Lowry a ranar 28 ga Yuni,1895,a Chicago,Illinois. A kan hutun gudun amarci na watanni biyu,ma'auratan sun yi iyo daga Kogin Ohio daga Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania zuwa Ripley,Ohio a cikin wani jirgin ruwa mai suna *The Double Ell;*Hess ya zana da fenti.  Lydia da Charles Lowry sun ci gaba da haifi 'ya'ya biyar,mafi ƙanƙanta wanda aka lura da ilimin halittu Oliver Howe Lowry.

A cikin 1891,Hess ta fara karatunta a Académie Delécluse a Faransa,kuma daga baya ta halarci darasi tare da James Abbott McNeill Whistler.

## Mutuwa
Hess ya mutu a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 1936,a Evanston,Illinois
Wani Halling

**Else Halling** (3 Yuli 1899 - 14 Fabrairu 1987)ɗan wasan Yaren mutanen Norway ne.

An san ta da sake gina tsohuwar kaset ɗin Norwegian,kuma ta koyar da saƙa a Trondheim,Drammen da Oslo .Ta yi ado da cibiyoyin jama'a irin su Fadar Sarauta a Oslo,Gidan Akershus,ginin Stortinget,da Babban Birnin Oslo.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An haifi Halling a Øvre Eiker ga firist,Johannes Swensen,da Marie Halling. Ta kasance jikanyar firist kuma majagaba na motsi na aiki,Honoratus Halling,kuma ƴar ƙanwar malami,Sigurd Halling .Ta mutu a Oslo a shekara ta 1987.

## Sana'a
Halling ya sami ilimi a Cibiyar Nazarin Kasuwanci da Fasaha ta Norwegian a Kristiania,kuma a ƙarshe ya yi ƙarin karatu a Sweden,Denmark,Finland,Faransa da Austria. Daga 1925 zuwa 1928 tana gudanar da makarantar saka a cikinTrondheiTa kasance malami a Drammen daga 1931 zuwa 1934,kuma tana gudanar da nata makarantar saka a Oslo daga 1936 zuwa 1940. Haɗin kai tare da Gidan Tarihi na Kayan Ado da Zane na Yaren mutanen Norway,ta yi gyare-gyare na tsohuwar kaset ɗin Norwegian,ta yin amfani da tsoffin dabarun rini da yarn spælsau . Daga 1941 zuwa 1963 ta koyar da sakar kaset a *Statens Kvinnelige Industriskole.* Ta kasance jagorar zane-zane na ɗakin studio *Norsk billedvev* daga 1951 zuwa 1968,ta hanyar da ta ba da kayan ado ga cibiyoyin jama'a da yawa,gami da fadar sarauta,Castle na Akershus,ginin Stortinget,da kuma babban dakin taro na Oslo. 

Daga cikin kafet ɗinta akwai *St.Hallvard* (wanda Else Poulsson ya zana), *Bataljer på Lilletorvet* (wanda Kåre Jonsborg ya tsara),*Sagbruket* (Jonsborg) da *Kjølhalingsplassen* (Jonsborg),duk a zauren birnin Oslo. 

Alf Rolfsen ne ya zana ta na kaset ɗin *Kongeteppet* da ke fadar sarauta a Oslo,kuma Karen Holtsmark ne ya tsara *kafet ɗin Solens* guda uku a Stortinget.Håkon Stenstadvold ne ya tsara tapestry *Heroica* a majalisar dokokin Finland. 

An ba ta lambar yabo ta Sarki a zinare,kuma an yi mata ado da Knight, Class First Class of St.Olav a 1967.

## Manazarta
Fatuntele Tunde

**Fatuntele Lukmon Tunde** (an haife shi a ranar talatin 30 ga watan Yuli shekara ta alif dari tara da tamanin da tara 1989), wanda kuma aka fi sani da **Mister Kobz**, yar kasuwa ce ta Najeriya kuma ɗan kasuwa ne na zamantakewa. 

## Ƙuruciya da ilimi
Fatuntele daga jihar Osun. An haife shi a gida mai yara biyar kuma daga shekarun alif dari tara da da uku 1993 zuwa alif dari tara da casa'in da takwas 1998 ya shiga makarantar Ideal Day Nursery da Primary School a Amuwo-Odofin, jihar Legas. Bayan haka, ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Command Day da ke Ojo, Jihar Legas, inda ya kammala karatunsa na sakandare a shekarar 2005.  Ya kammala karatun injiniyan sinadarai daga Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo, Ifẹ. 

## Aiki
Fatuntele ya fara aikin sa ne a shekarar 2015. Ya fara da kulla yarjejeniya da Samsung.  A cikin tsarin, ya yi magana da abubuwa kamar rarraba kan layi da kuma yin ajiyar kan layi kamar yadda ya shafi alamar dijital da kafofin watsa labarun.  Ya bude Kobz Media a wannan shekarar,  kuma ya yi aiki tare da masu fasaha ciki har da Ycee, Davido, Falz,  ban da kamfanin sadarwa na Najeriya, Globacom tun daga lokacin.   Shi dan kasuwa ne na zamantakewa.  A cikin hira da *New Telegraph*, ya tabbatar da sha'awarsa na bunkasa ci gaban al'umma mafi girma na masu kirkiro abun ciki.  Ya danganta ci gabansa ga cutar ta COVID-19,  saboda ta tilasta wa 'yan kasuwa yin abubuwa akan layi da kusan, da kuma sadaukarwa a bangarensa.  

Ya kasance daya daga cikin masu magana a *Social Media Hangout* wanda shahararren mai yin takalma, Florence Bodex ya shirya a shekarar 2019.  An sanya Fatuntele a matsayin daya daga cikin *Manyan Mujallar City People*' Top 15 Tasiri a Najeriya a 2019.  Ya lashe Gwarzon Mai Tasirin Shekarun 2018 da 2019 a Kyautar Scream.  

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Ya yi wata magana mai cike da cece-kuce cewa fadin gaskiya a cikin mu’amalar soyayya na iya kai ga karshenta da wuri.  

## Manazarta
Odile Crick

**Odile Crick**(11 ga Agusta 1920 &#x2013; 5 Yuli 2007) yar wasan Burtaniya ce wacce aka fi sani da zanen tsarin DNA mai sau biyu wanda mijinta Francis Crick da abokin aikinsa James D.Watson suka gano a 1953.

An haifi Odile Crick a matsayin Odile Speed a King's Lynn, Norfolk, Ingila, zuwa mahaifiyar Faransa, Marie-Therese Josephine Jaeger da mahaifin Ingila, Alfred Valentine Speed, wanda ya kasance mai kayan ado.  Ita daliba ce a Vienna lokacin da Nazis suka mamaye Austria a 1938.  Komawa Ingila, Speed ya shiga Sabis ɗin Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa na Mata (WRNS) a matsayin direban babbar mota . Duk da haka, ƙwarewarta a cikin Jamusanci ya jagoranci yin aiki a matsayin mai karya lamba da fassara a Admiralty inda ta hadu da Francis Crick a 1945.  Bayan yakin, ta kammala karatunta na fasaha a St. Martin's a London.

## Rayuwa tare da Crick a Biritaniya
Odile Speed ya auri Francis Crick a 1949 kuma ya zauna a Cambridge.Odile Crick ta yi aiki a matsayin malami a Jami'ar Anglia Ruskin a yanzu kafin haihuwar 'ya'yanta mata Gabrielle da Jacqueline.

Francis Crick da James Watson sun tambaye ta ta zana kwatanci na heliks biyu don takardar su akan DNA don *Nature* a 1953.An sake buga zanen a ko'ina a cikin litattafai da labaran kimiyya kuma ya zama alama ga ilmin kwayoyin halitta.Terrence J.Sejnowski na Cibiyar Nazarin Halittu ta Salk ya ce,"Yana iya kasancewa mafi shaharar zane [kimiyya] na karni na 20,ta yadda ya bayyana ilmin halitta na zamani."

Duk da haka,da farko ba ta san mahimmancin binciken ba.A cikin tarihinsa *Menene Mad Pursuit*,Crick ya ce ta gaya masa daga baya"Kuna dawo gida kuna faɗin abubuwa irin wannan,don haka a zahiri ban yi tunanin komai ba."

An gudanar da nune-nune da yawa na zane-zanen Crick na tsiraici masu lankwasa.Samfuranta sun haɗa da au pairs ɗinsu na yara da sakatarorin mijinta. 

Cricks sun shahara ga jam'iyyunsu a cikin 1960s ko dai a Cambridge ko a wani gida kusa da Haverhill.A wani liyafa,wani samfurin tsiraicin ya fito a kan kujera don ƙarfafa baƙi su zama masu zane-zane.

## Rayuwa a California
Lokacin da mijinta ya zama farfesa a Cibiyar Salk a cikin 1970s,Cricks ya koma California.

Odile Crick ta rasu mijinta kuma ta mutu daga ciwon daji a La Jolla,California,tana da shekaru 86.An gudanar da nunin Odile Crick Memorial na fasaharta a Cibiyar Salk,La Jolla,a ranar 12 ga Oktoba 2007.

Wani ɗan'uwa Philippe,da 'ya'yanta mata guda biyu Gabrielle da Jacqueline (1954-2011),jikoki biyu,da ɗanta,Michael.

## Bayanan kula

## Albarkatu

* Robert Olby ; Kamus na Ƙasa na Oxford: 'Crick, Francis Harry Compton (1916–2004)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Janairu 2008;
* Robert Olby ; "Crick: A Biography", Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, , da za a buga a watan Agusta 2009.
* Matt Ridley ; *Francis Crick: Mai Gano Ka'idojin Halittar Halitta (Eminent Lives)* wanda aka fara bugawa a watan Yuni 2006 a Amurka da a cikin Burtaniya Satumba 2006, ta HarperCollins Publishers; 192 shafi,  .
Iso Ra

**Isobel Rae,** (18 ga watan Agusta 1860&nbsp;- 16 ga watan Maris a shikara ta 1940) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Australiya. Bayan horo a Melbourne's National Gallery of Victoria Art School,inda ta yi karatu tare da Frederick McCubbin da Jane Sutherland,Rae ta tafi Faransa a 1887 tare da danginta,kuma ta shafe mafi yawan rayuwarta a can.Wani dadewa memba na mulkin mallaka na Étaples,Rae ya rayu a cikin ko kusa da ƙauyen Étaples daga 1890s har zuwa 1930s. A wannan lokacin,Rae ta nuna zane-zanenta a Royal Society of British Artists,Society of Oil Painter,da kuma Paris Salon .A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya,ta kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Taimakon Sa-kai kuma ta yi aiki a cikin yaƙin a sansanin Sojojin Etaples.Ita da Jessie Traill su ne kawai matan Australiya da suka zauna da fenti a Faransa a lokacin yaƙin,duk da haka ba a haɗa su cikin rukunin farko na masu fasahar yaƙi na ƙasarsu ba.Bayan hawan Hitler kan karagar mulki,Rae ta koma kudu maso gabashin Ingila,inda ta rasu a shekara ta 1940.

## Rayuwar farko da horo
An haifi Rae a ranar 18 ga Agusta 1860 a Melbourne,ƙaramar 'yar ƙauran Scotland Thomas Rae,masana'anta kuma daga baya ɗan siyasar jihar,da matarsa Janet Love. Ita ce jikanyar Reverend Andrew Love  da Catherine Love of Geelong,Victoria,Ostiraliya.Rae yayi karatu a National Gallery of Victoria Art School daga 1877 zuwa 1887,inda abokan karatunsu suka hada da Rupert Bunny da John Longstaff.Malamanta sun hada da George Folingsby da Oswald Rose Campbell.Rae ya sami wasu nasarorin ilimi a cikin nune-nunen ɗalibai, yana karɓar kyaututtuka da karramawa daga kwamitin shari'a a lokuta da yawa,tare da ɗaliban ɗalibai kamar Longstaff,Frederick McCubbin,Jane Sutherland da May Vale. Rae ya shiga, kuma an nuna shi tare da, Kwalejin Fasaha ta Victoria tsakanin 1881 da 1883. Daga baya ta shiga ayyukan fasaha da zamantakewa na Buonarotti Club da sansanonin masu fasaha *na iska.*

A 1887,Rae ya tafi Faransa kuma ya zauna a Paris tare da mahaifiyarta Janet da 'yar'uwarta Alison.Sun zauna a can na tsawon shekaru uku, kafin dangin su koma yankin masu fasaha a ƙauyen masu kamun kifi na Étaples, a arewacin gabar tekun Faransa. A lokacin farkon aikinta,Rae ta baje kolin ayyuka a Ostiraliya da New Zealand, kodayake ta ci gaba da zama a Turai.Nunin nune-nunen da aka rataye ta sun haɗa da nunin 1889 na New Zealand da Nunin Tekuna na Kudu a Dunedin,da kuma 1896 Victorian Artists'Society, wanda aka nuna da yawa daga cikin shimfidar wurare. 

## Manazarta
Noa Demon

**Noa Denmon** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1995 ko shekarar 1996) ɗan kasar Amurka ne mai zane.Ta karɓi Caldecott Honor a cikin shekarar  2021 don kwatanta littafin hoto *A Place Inside of Me*,wanda Zetta Elliott ya rubuta.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Denmon a Greenfield,wani yanki naPittsburgh,Pennsylvania,a cikin 1995 ko 1996. Ta halarci Makarantar Fasaha ta Pittsburgh da Ƙarfafawa,inda ta haɓaka sha'awar fasahar gani kuma ta kammala karatun digiri a cikin 2014. Bayan kammala karatun sakandare,ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Arts a Philadelphia, inda ta sami digiri na Fine Arts a 2018 da digiri na biyu a ilimin fasaha a 2019.

## Sana'a
A cikin 2019,Denmon ya kwatanta littafin hoto *A Place Inside of Me*,wanda Zetta Elliott ya rubuta kuma Farrar,Straus da Giroux suka buga a Yuli 2020. Ta sami lambar yabo ta Caldecott a ranar 25 ga Janairu,2021,don misalan littafin,wanda ke nuna matakin da wani Bakar fata ya dauki matakin da 'yan sanda suka kashe wata yarinya a yankinsa. Denmon da farko ya kirkiro wata matashiyar jarumar mata don mai ba da labari na mutum na farko;Bayan ƙarin tattaunawa da Elliott,an gyara jarumin ya zama babban yaro. Ayyukanta na zane-zane,waɗanda ke cikin inuwar shuɗi,kodan rawaya,da mauve,sun sami karbuwa da kyau daga masu suka. Wani mai bita ga *Mawallafa Mako-mako* ya yaba wa Denmon"rubutu,kwatancen kwatance"na al'ummar Baƙar fata iri-iri da kuma kwatancenta na manyan baƙar fata a cikin tarihi.

Google ne ya gayyace ta don kwatanta Google Doodle don Ranar Martin Luther King Jr. a cikin 2021.Doodle da aka gama,wanda aka nuna a shafin farko na Google a ranar 18 ga Janairu,2021,lya kasance juxtaposition na fage biyu: ɗaya cikin baki da fari wanda ke nuna mutane daga 1960s suna sauraron Martin Luther King Jr. yana magana,ɗayan kuma cikin launi yana nuna mutane zamani waɗanda ke ƙirƙirar zane na abubuwan da suka faru daga rayuwar Sarki yayin da aka nisanta da jama'a saboda cutar ta COVID-19. Hakan ya samo asali ne daga zanga-zangar George Floyd a cikin 2020 da kuma abubuwan da Denmon ya samu a matsayin mace Bakar fata.
María José Cristerna

**María José Cristerna Méndez**(an haife ta a shekara ta 1976),wanda aka sani da sana'a a matsayin **Matar Vampire** ko, kamar yadda ta fi so,**Matar Jaguar**,lauya ce ta Mexico,'yar kasuwa,mai fafutuka kuma mai zane-zane.An san ta da yawan gyare-gyaren jiki,wanda ta fara aiki a matsayin wani nau'i na gwagwarmaya da tashin hankalin gida.*Guinness World Records* ta amince da ita a matsayin macen da ta fi yin tattoo a duniya,tare da rufe kashi 96% na jikinta,kuma tana daya daga cikin shahararrun mutane a duniyar zane- zane.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi María José Cristerna a Guadalajara,Jalisco a cikin 1976,kuma ta girma a cikin iyali na addini. Lokacin da take da shekaru 14,ta sami tattoo dinta na farko, tambarin ƙungiyar ƙarfe ta Sweden Bathory.

Ta sami digiri a fannin shari'a a Jami'ar Katolika ta Mexico.A lokacin aurenta na farko,ta kasance wanda aka azabtar da tashin hankali a cikin gida,wanda ya kai ta yanke shawarar gyara jikinta a matsayin alamar ƙarfi,ƙarfin hali,da 'yanci.

Baya ga yin aiki a matsayin lauya, Cristerna ’yar kasuwa ce kuma tana da nata studio na tattoo da boutique inda take sayar da nata layin tufafin da ake kira *Mujeres vampiro*(Matan Vampire). 

## Gyaran jiki
An san Cristerna a matsayin mace mafi yawan tattoo a duniya. 96% na jikinta an rufe shi da jarfa,a cewar *Guinness World Records*. Sauran 4% sun hada da tafin hannunta wanda ke da matsala ga tattoo.

Gyaran jikinta kuma sun haɗa da tsagaggen harshe,dasa shuki ,huda, faɗaɗa kunne,attoo ido,tabo,da dashen haƙori.  

Tana yawan halartar bukukuwan kasa da kasa da kuma tarurruka kan jarfa da gyaran jiki.An kuma gayyace ta zuwa shirye-shiryen talabijin daban-daban,irin su *Taboo* a tashar National Geographic Channel,da kuma abubuwan da suka faru a kan dakatarwar jiki.

Ripley's Gaskanta Ko A'a!ya kafa wani mutum-mutumi na Cristerna a cikin gidajen tarihi nasa.

## Duba kuma

* *BMEzine*
* Sut din jiki (tattoo)
* Elaine Davidson
* The Enigma (mai yin wasan kwaikwayo)
* Lizardman

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Iva Despić-Simonović

**Ivana "Iva" Despić** ( née Simonović ;Serbian Cyrillic;15 ga Agusta 1891 - 12 Yuli 1961) wani sculptor ne na Yugoslavia.An haife shi a Croatia,Despić-Simonović ya sami ilimi a Zagreb,Paris da Munich.Daga 1920 har zuwa mutuwarta ta zauna galibi a Sarajevo,amma kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin sculptor na kotu a Belgrade.Ita ce mai sassaƙa ta farko a Bosnia da Herzegovina ta zamani kuma ita kaɗai ce a cikin lokacin tsaka-tsakin,amma ta dushe cikin duhu bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II .

## Ilimi da iyali
An haifi Iva Simonović a  kusa da Petrinja a cikin Croatia-Slavonia,Austria-Hungary,ranar 15 ga Agusta 1891. Iyalin Simonović sun kasance masu wadata. Mahaifinta, Janar a cikin Sojojin Austro-Hungarian,ya gane basirarta kuma ya ba ta ilimin fasaha. Masu sculptors Robert Frangeš-Mihanović da Rudolf Valdec ne suka horar da ita.  Nunin ta na farko, wani ɓangare na nunin solo na takwarorinta Ljubo Babić, ya faru lokacin da ta kasance dalibi.  Babić yana sha'awarta ta soyayya kuma ya zana hotonta.Iva Simonović ya ci gaba da karatunta a Paris da Munich,horo a matsayin plaquette da medallion artist,kuma ya yi nuni a Paris a 1914.

Iva Despić-Simonović ya yi aure sau biyu.An soke aurenta na farko,da Aleksandar Zarevski. Ta sadu da Aleksandar "Aco" Despić a Zagreb zuwa ƙarshen yakin duniya na farko,wanda ya biyo bayan ƙirƙirar Yugoslavia. Ma'aurata sun yi aure a 1920, kuma Despić-Simonović ya koma garin mijinta na Sarajevo.Suna da 'yar,Gospava "Cica",da ɗa,Bato.Surukanta,dangin Despić,sun kasance manyan 'yan kasuwa da masu arziki,kuma ta ji damuwa da halin mahaifinsu.Wannan yana nunawa ta hanyar bust ɗin hoto mai suna *Constrained*,wanda yanzu ke zaune a cikin National Gallery na Bosnia da Herzegovina.Despić-Simonović ya yi marmarin samun sarari na kanta.A shekara ta 1931,buƙatar aikin zane-zanenta ya karu sosai har ta iya samun damar gina wa kanta gidan rani a Vasin Han kusa da Sarajevo.Matsawa da wuri zuwa cikin ginin da ke da ɗanɗano,ta kamu da rashin lafiya mai tsanani wanda ya addabe ta tsawon shekaru.

## Sana'a
Despić-Simonović yana da nunin nunin solo guda biyu,a London da Belgrade a cikin 1927,suna karɓar zargi mai kyau.Ta halarci baje koli a London,Belgrade,Barcelona,Zagreb,Ljubljana,Prague,Brno da Bratislava. Nasarar da ta samu a duniya ya sa ta yi suna a Yugoslavia ma,har Sarki Alexander ya tuntube ta.Ta na da atelier a gidan sarauta a Belgrade,inda ta nuna manyan mutane.Despić-Simonović ya tuna cewa fasaharta ta zama magana ta kotu lokacin da Yarima mai jiran gado Peter, sa'an nan yaro, ya shigo cikin ta atelier kuma ya gane bust da ta yi aiki a matsayin Janar Stevan Hadžić .An sanya ta mai zane-zane na kotu da kuma malamin sculpting na Sarauniya Maria,wanda ta kasance kusa da ita.
Susanna Drury

**Susanna Drury**, daga baya **Susanna Warter** (c.1698 – c.1770) ta kasance mai zanen Irish.Ko da yake ba a san rayuwarta ko aikinta ba,ta kasance mai tasiri sosai wajen haɓaka zanen shimfidar wuri na Irish. An fi sani da ita don zane-zanen ruwa na Giant's Causeway a County Antrim, wanda ya kawo hankalin duniya ga shafin.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Drury a shekara ta 1698. An haɗa ta da Ƙungiyar Dublin (daga baya Royal Dublin Society),wanda ya ba ta lambar yabo ta farko,mai daraja £ 25,a cikin 1740 don zane-zane na Giant's Causeway Ta yi tafiya zuwa Ulster don ta lura da wurin da kanta,kuma ta yi watanni da yawa a wurin tana aiki Hotunanta sun ƙunshi gouache akan vellum kuma suna gabatar da ra'ayoyi biyu na Tushen gabas da yamma.Wadannan zane-zane suna nuna cikakkun bayanai game da haɗin gwiwar da ke samar da ginshiƙan basalt na hanyar Causeway.Hotunan sun ba da hankali ga samuwar,kuma shaharar zanen kayan tarihi na Irish ya karu a farkawa.François Vivares ya yi zane-zane tsakanin 1743 zuwa 1744.Buga da aka yi daga waɗannan zane-zane sun shahara a Turai kuma an yaɗa su a cikin al'ummomin kimiyya;a cikin 1765 an shigar da hanyar Causeway a cikin juzu'i na 12 na *Encyclopédie* na Faransa wanda a fili ya dogara da zane-zane na Drury.Wani farantin da aka yi daga zanen Drury's"East Prospect"da kansa daga baya ya bayyana ba tare da annashuwa ba a cikin adadin faranti da aka buga don Encyclopédie.An haɗa shi a cikin sashin ilimin ƙasa tare da wasu faranti guda biyu waɗanda ke nuna irin nau'ikan basalt iri ɗaya a Faransa,kuma sun haɗa da taken Nicolas Desmarest yana ba da shawara,a karon farko a buga,cewa sifofin sun kasance tushen wuta.

Drury ya auri wani mutum mai suna Warter kuma ya mutu a cikin ko bayan 1770. Hotunanta na asali na gouache na Giant's Causeway yanzu suna rataye a cikin Gidan kayan tarihi na Ulster a Belfast .

## Bayanan kula

## Manazarta
Samfurin Bacewa

***Model da ke ɓacewa*** shine zanen jikin *trompe-l'œil* da Joanne Gair ya yi wanda ya kasance wani ɓangare na episode1.19 ko 119 na *Ripley's Gaske Ko A'a!*, wanda shine mafi girman kima. Lambar 119 tana wakiltar kashi na goma sha tara na farkon lokacin wasan kwaikwayon, wanda aka watsa shi kaɗai akan camfin TBS .

## Cikakken cikakken bayani
Dean Cain ne ya dauki nauyin shirin,kuma an fara watsa shi a watan Agusta 30 ko Satumba 6,2000,ya danganta da tushen.Dukansu TV.com da IMDb.com sun yi iƙirarin ƙaddamar da shirin a ranar Agusta. Tushen TBS da *Kasuwancin Waya* na kwanan wata Agusta 31,2000 suna sanar da farkon sa a ranar Satumba.  Hotunan Sony sun yi iƙirarin ƙaddamar da shirin a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba,2000, amma bai fayyace ko wannan shine isar farko ba ko kuma sake kunnawa. Labarin yana da jimillar fasali shida.

## Matsayin Gair akan shirin
Bayanin abin da ya faru ya bayyana sanannen Gair don ikonta na "... sa mutane su ɓace ta hanyar zana su daidai a bango ko fenti a jikin ɗan adam wanda ba shi da bambanci da ainihin masana'anta!" Ƙarin cikakkun bayanai game da abin da ya faru ya bayyana asalin sanannen Gair kamar yadda ya samo asali daga samar da ita na mujallar *Vanity Fair* mai suna *Demi's Birthday Suit,*wanda kuma aka sani da *The Suit*,a cikin 1992. 

A lokacin wasan kwaikwayon,Gair yana nuna zanen jiki wanda ya bayyana a matsayin tufafin da ba kayan aiki ba kuma ya haifar da wani aikin da ke haifar da tunanin cewa samfurin ya ɓace a cikin bangon furen fure.Zane-zanen jiki na 2000 wanda samfurin ba ya bambanta da ja,shuɗi da furanni masu launin rawaya ana kiransa da *Bacewa Model* kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin shahararren aikin Gair.

Littafin Gair na biyu,*Zanen Jiki:Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Joanne Gair*,ya haɗa da hoto na *Model Bacewa.Sashen* ya yaba Tracy Bayne a matsayin mai daukar hoto na samfurin Rasha Sasha.Gair ya lura cewa mai shirya wasan kwaikwayon,Gail Smerigan ya tuntube ta a cikin 2000 game da nuna aikinta a cikin wani shiri.Manufar ita ce ɗaukar hoton hoton da aka tsara musamman don nunin tare da niyyar haifar da ruɗin sa samfurin ya ɓace.
Eulabee Dix

**Eulabee Dix Becker** (Oktoba 5,1878 &#x2013; Yuni 14,1961) ƴar wasan kwaikwayo Ba'amurke ne, wacce ta fifita matsakaicin launin ruwa akan hauren giwadon zana ƙananan hotuna.

A farkon ƙarni na 20,lokacin da matsakaici ta kasance a kan tsayin salon zamani, ta zana manyan mutane da yawa,ciki har da manyan Turai da kuma shahararrun 'ƴan wasan kwaikwayo na lokacin.

## Rayuwar farko

An haifi Dix a Greenfield, Illinois, ga Mary Bartholomew da Horace Wells Dix, Ta kasance da sha'awar fasaha ta farko,kuma an ƙarfafa basirarta da ƙaunar karatu tun tana ƙarami. Iyalinta sun ƙaura sau da yawa a cikin shekarunta na farko saboda koma baya na kuɗi. A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, Dix ta tafi ta zauna tare da 'yan uwa masu arziki a St. Louis,inda ta halarci Jami'ar Washington, kuma ta shafe shekara guda tana nazarin zanen man fetur da zane-zane na rayuwa a St. Louis School of Fine Arts. An gane aikinta a can da lambobin yabo biyu. Dix ta koma wurin iyayenta a 1895,lokacin da suka kafa gida a Grand Rapids,Michigan. A can ta koyar da azuzuwan fasaha, kuma ɗiyar wazirin Episcopal ta sami ƙwarin gwiwa don yin zanen ƙananan hotuna.

## New York karatu
A cikin1899 Dix ta koma birnin New York, inda ta fara karatu tare da William Merritt Chase, duk da haka ta bar bayan mako guda, wani ɓangare saboda yadda Chase ya mayar da hankali kan zanen mai,da kuma saboda rashin yarda da falsafar launi. Ta ci gaba da ci gaba da karatunta a Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru tare da George Bridgman,wanda ta amince da shi.Ta kuma yi karatu tare da William J.Whittemore, wanda ya koya mata dabarun zanen hauren giwa.Whittlemore ta kasance wanda ya kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Amirka (ASMP),inda ta nuna wasu ayyukanta. Ta kuma yi karatu a ƙarƙashin Isaac A.Josephi,wanda shi ne shugaban farko na ASMP.

## Carnegie Hall Towers studio

Dix ta ɗauki ƙaramin ɗakin studio a 152 West 57th Street, akan bene na 15 na ɗaya daga cikin hasumiya ta Carnegie Hall.A nan ta yi aiki a kan kwamitocin don yawancin manyan New Yorkers,ciki har da actress Ethel Barrymore da mai ɗaukar hoto Gertrude Käsebier.Ta hanyar kwatsam maƙwabcinta, Frederick S. Church,shi ma daga Grand Rapids ne,kuma ya taimaka mata yin tuntuɓar a cikin da'irar fasaha na New York. Miniaturist Theodora Thayer,wanda Dix ya haɗe da kuma sha'awar,kuma yana da ɗakin studio a kusa.

## Manazarta
Ruth Doggett

**Ruth Thornhill Doggett** (28 Afrilu 1881 - 23 Maris 1974)yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Ingilishi kuma memba ce a rukunin London,wanda aka sani don sarrafa launi da abun da ke ciki a cikin shimfidar wurare,har yanzu rayuwa da ciki.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haife shi a Camberwell, Kudancin London, Doggett yana daya daga cikin 'ya'yan George Henry Doggett, babban magatakarda, da matarsa Mary Ann Bradbury. A 1891, iyalin suna zaune a Cambridge. Tsakanin 1894 zuwa 1909,Doggett yayi karatu a Makarantar Fasaha da Fasaha ta Cambridge. 

Yayin da take can,ta sami lambar yabo ta tagulla (lalaba ta biyu mafi girma a wannan ajin)a Gasar Ayyukan Fasaha ta kasa da Hukumar Ilimi ta gudanar a Kudancin Kensington a 1905.A cikin 1906-07,Doggett ya sami tallafin karatu,da kyaututtuka don zanen rai mai rai da farantin sunan jan karfe.A cikin 1907–08,ta sami lambar tagulla don kirar fosta da lambar yabo don yin kira daga tsohuwar.A cikin 1908,ta sami lambar yabo ta £5 wanda Kamfanin Cambridge Arts and Crafts Society ya bayar don ƙirar fosta, da kuma kyaututtuka a nunin nunin shekara na Society don kirarta don katin Kirsimeti,murfin shirin,gasasshen chestnut.da goga na murhu. A bikin baje kolin shekara ta 1909 na Makarantar Fasaha da Sana'a ta Cambridge,Doggett ya lashe kyaututtukan farko don jerin ayyukan da aka samar a cikin shekara,da kuma kira.
Helen Donald-Smith

**Helen Donald-Smith** (kafin 30 Satumba 1852-23 Yuli Shekara ta 1933) yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ɗan Biritaniya wacce ta yi aiki a cikin mai da launin ruwa,kuma tana aiki  1890-1925. Ayyukanta sun nuna shimfidar wurare,musamman na Venice,da hotuna,ciki har da na Brigadier General FW Lumsden VC, DSO.

## Farkon rayuwa
An haifi Helen Mary Smith kuma aka yi masa baftisma a Largs,Ayrshire,Scotland a ranar 30 ga Satumba 1852,ita ce ɗa ta biyar kuma ƙarami na Donald Smith da matarsa Maryamu (nee McKerrell). Ita da mahaifiyarta duka sun karɓi sunan sunan Donald-Smith daga baya a rayuwarsu lokacin da suke zaune a Landan.Ta mutu a Kensington a ranar 23 ga Yuli 1933 ba ta yi aure ba.

## Sana'a
A ranar 14 ga Maris 1890,*The Times* ta sake duba wani nuni na Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colors,inda ya gano nunin a gaba ɗaya ya kasance na"matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici. Wani sabon salo nasa shi ne cewa wasu mafi kyawun ayyuka suna ba da gudummawa ta mafi girma daga cikin membobi da ƙarami na waje".An yi sharhi game da aikin a kowane ɗayansu,kuma mai bita (wanda ba a san shi ba) ya sami "misalai masu ban sha'awa na fasaha na mata uku,fure-fure na Madame Teresa Hegg de Lauderset (210) da Mrs.Duffield,da biyu na Thames shimfidar wurare na Miss H.Donald-Smith (209,211).Waɗannan na ƙarshe suna nuna ci gaba mai ma'ana akan kowane aikin mai zane na baya."

Ta zana Sir William Robert Grove c.1890s (NPG 1478)da Mary Mackay ("Marie Corelli ")a cikin 1897 (NPG 4891). Ta zana Mrs (Edward) Alexander James Duff,née (Amy) Katherine Barnett (1854-1943).Ta zana Mary Elizabeth Kathleen Dulcie Deamer (1890-1972) game da 1921.

A watan Disamba 1906,ta yi wani solo nuni,*River, lake da lambu :Nuni Nuni na Launsan Launuka ruwa ta hanyar Miss H. Donald-Smith*,a canjin canjin,61 sabon titin Bond . Gimbiya Louise,Duchess na Argyll ta ziyarce wannan,wanda shi ma ya kalli wannan wurin nunin Percy Faransa da hoton *Mater Christi* na Herman Salomon.

## Manazarta
Mike Godson

**Michael Godson Ifeanyichukwu**, wanda aka fi sani da **Mike Godson** (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga  watan  Oktoba, 1985) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma ɗan kasuwa ɗan Najeriya. An haife shi a jihar Kano ta Najeriya amma dan jihar Imo ne.

## Ƙuruciya da ilimi
Godson ya yi karatu a Jami’ar Jos ta Jihar Filato kuma ya yi digirin farko a fannin wasan kwaikwayo da fasahar fina-finai. 

## Sana'a
Mike Godson ya fara wasan kwaikwayo a shekara ta 2009 kuma tun daga nan ya zama sananne wajen fassara matsayin soyayya a Nollywood. Godson ya fito a cikin fina-finai sama da 100. Ya yi fice tare da ’yan wasa irin su Pete Edochie, Clem Ohameze, Kenneth Okonkwo, Van Vicker da kuma John Dumelo. Ya mai da hankali ne a shekarar 2015 bayan ya yi fim din mai suna *Littattafai 7 na Moses*.  A shekarar 2018 Godson ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya tare da ƙungiyar samar da Bollywood da ke da alaƙa da Zee World.  Godson kuma yana gudanar da kamfanin sarrafa agro da ciniki.  Duk da cewa aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo yana biya masa bukatunsa na yau da kullun, Godson ya ba da shawarar cewa watakila ba zai iya ba shi tsaro na kuɗi ba.  Hukumar zabe mai zaman kanta ta nada shi jakadan matasa a shekarar 2015. 

## Rigima
A cikin Afrilu 2020 an soki Godson saboda ba'a ga talakawan Najeriya yayin kulle-kullen COVID-19. 

## Filmography

* *Sirrin Dukiya* 
* *Gaskiya Nawa*
* *Mulkin Duhu*
* *7 Littafin Moses* 
* *Kalaman Hauka*
* *Yarima da Bawa*
* *Takobin Ramuwa*
* *Fatan Mahaifiyata*
* *Ƙarshen Hadaya*
* *Soyayya mara Karshe*
* *Amaka Ntu*
* *An kama shi a cikin Dokar*
* *Gaskiyar Yarjejeniyar*
* *Amarachi*

## Kyaututtuka da zaɓe

## Manazarta
Heather Doram

**Heather Doram** ɗan wasan Antiguan ne,ɗan wasan kwaikwayo,mai fafutuka kuma malami, wanda shine mai tsara kayan ƙasar Antigua & Barbuda.A cikin shekarar  2002 an ba ta lambar yabo ta Grand Cross of the Most Illustrious Order of Merit (Antigua) don sanin nasarorin rayuwarta.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife shi a Antigua,ga mahaifiyar mai sana'a da uba da ke aiki a masana'antun sukari,dangin Doram sun zauna a kan yawan sukarin sukari saboda aikin mahaifinta. Ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta 'yan mata ta Antigua a St John's sannan ta yi karatun digiri na biyu a cikin Ilimi daga Jami'ar West Indies. Ta koma koyarwa a tsohuwar makarantarta kuma bayan 'yan shekaru an ba ta tallafin karatu don yin karatu don BFA a cikin Yadi a Kwalejin Edna Manley na Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Hulda da Fasaha da Fasaha da Kware Kwayoyin Kwayoyin Kwayoyin Kwayoyin Kwayoyin Kwayoyin) suka sami kyautar kudade don yin karatu don BFA a cikin Textiles a Edna Manley College of Visual and Performing Arts a Kingston.

A cikin 1994 ta sami tallafin karatu wanda ya ba ta damar yin karatun digiri na biyu a Savannah College of Art and Design (SCAD),inda aka zaɓi aikinta don wakiltar jami'a a Venice Biennale. Bayan kammala karatun ta,SCAD ta kuma sayi mafi yawan kundin littafinta don tarin dindindin.Bayan ta dawo Antigua ta yi aiki da Ma'aikatar Ilimi,tana ba su shawara kan tsarin karatun fasaha,kuma a cikin 2003 aka nada Daraktan Al'adu. Ayyukanta sun haɗa da bangon bango a filin jirgin sama na VC Bird International, da kuma kayan haɗin gwiwa da rataye bango. Ta tsara kayan ado na bikin karnival wanda ya lashe lambar yabo tare da mijinta Connie Doram.A cikin 2020 ta yi kira da a yi bita ga ka'idojin shari'a na Carnival na Antigua Carnival,don haɗawa da sanin mahimmancin sabbin salo na masara (tufafin masquerade). Ta yi ritaya a shekara ta 2006.
EM Broner

**Esther M. Broner**, Wacce aka fi sani da **EM Broner**, ( née, **Masserman** ; An haife ta watan Yuli acikin shekara tadubu daya da dari tara da ishirin da bakwai, – zuwa Yuni ishirin da daya, shekara ta dubu biyu da goma Sha daya) Marubuciya Ba’amurkiya ce ta mata .

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Broner ta halarci Jami'ar Jihar Wayne kuma ta sami digiri na farko a fannin ilimin zamantakewa da kuma digiri na biyu a rubuce-rubucen kirkire-kirkire.  Ta sami digirin digirgir a fannin addini a yanzu a matsayin Union Institute &amp;amp; University . Broner ta koma Jihar Wayne don koyar da Turanci kuma ta koyar a Kwalejin Sarah Lawrence .

Ta yi aure da Robert Broner, mai buga littattafai kuma mai zane, kuma suna da yara huɗu tare. 

## Sana'a
A shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da saba'in da shida, an gudanar da bikin Idin Ƙetarewa na mata na farko na Broner a cikin ɗakinta na birnin New York. Ita ce ta jagorance ta, tare da mata 13 da suka halarta, ciki har da Gloria Steinem, Letty Cottin Pogrebin, da Phyllis Chesler .  Broner da Naomi Nimrod sun ƙirƙiri haggadah na mata don amfani a wannan seder.  A cikin bazara na 1976 Broner ta buga wannan "Haggadah na Mata" a cikin mujallar Ms., daga baya ya buga shi a matsayin littafi a 1994; Wannan Hoggadah ana nufin hada da mata inda aka ambaci maza a cikin gargajiya Hoggadhs, kuma tambayoyin mata, da kuma wata mata-mata " Dayenu ".   Ana gudanar da Seder na Mata tare da Haggadah na Mata kowace shekara tun daga 1976, kuma wasu ikilisiyoyin suna riƙe da mata kawai.   Broner ta jagoranci Seder ta Mata na tsawon shekaru 30. 

Ana gudanar da takaddun ta a Jami'ar Brandeis .
Kate Downie

**Kate Downie** (an Haife shi a shekara ta 1958) yar asalin ƙasar Scotland ce, haifaffiyar ƙasar Amurka wacce ke aiki a zane, bugawa da zane. An san ta da zanen shimfidar wuri,kuma manyan gidajen jama'a na Glasgow suna gudanar da ayyukanta.

## Farkon rayuwa
An haifi Downie a Arewacin Carolina a cikin 1958,ga mahaifin Scotland da mahaifiyar Ingila. Ta zo Scotland tare da danginta lokacin tana shekara bakwai.Ta yi karatun fasaha a Aberdeen,kuma ta yi aiki a ƙasashe da yawa bayan haka,ciki har da Amurka da Holland,amma tana cikin Edinburgh kuma ta shahara da ayyukanta da ke nuna yanayin ƙasar Scotland. Downie yana aiki a cikin kewayon kafofin watsa labaru,gami da mai da zanen acrylic, zanen tawada, haɗin gwiwa,da lithography  

Daga 2004 zuwa 2006,Downie ya kasance shugaban ƙungiyar masu fasaha na Scotland.A cikin 2005 an zaɓi ta don Kyautar Zana Jerwood.A cikin ƙarshen 2000s,ta ƙirƙiri Diaries Coast Road Diaries,tana yin rikodin tafiyar shekaru biyu a kusa da Scotland;ayyukan sun kafa baje kolin balaguro wanda ya samu karbuwa sosai.

Memba a Kwalejin Royal Scottish Academy,a cikin 2010 ta tafi kasar Sin don nazarin zanen tawada, ta dawo a 2011 da kuma a 2013.An baje kolin ayyukan da aka samu daga waɗannan wuraren zama a Royal Scottish Academy da kuma Kelly Gallery na Cibiyar Royal Glasgow.   A cikin 2014,an ba da izini ga Downie a matsayin mai zane-zane a Gadar Forth Road,don ƙirƙirar nuni da aiki don tunawa da ranar cika shekaru hamsin da gina gada. Ta bayyana rawar da ta taka a matsayin"tattaunawa mai zurfi"tare da tsarin,don tattara bayanai da ra'ayoyin don sanar da aikinta.Har ila yau, ta haura zuwa saman ginin,kuma ta shafe watanni biyu tana aiki a wani ɗakin studio wanda aka inganta kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin gada.

## Manazarta
Neltje Doubleday Sarakuna

**Neltje**,kuma aka sani da **Neltje Doubleday Kings** (Oktoba 10,1934)Afrilu 30,2021),yar wasan kwaikwayo Ba’amurke ce,‘yar kasuwa kuma mai ba da agaji.A cikin 2005 Neltje ta sami lambar yabo ta fasaha ta Gwamnan Wyoming don aikinta;ta kasance mai zanen zane.

Har ila yau,ta ƙirƙiri kyaututtuka da shirye-shirye iri-iri don ƙarfafa rubuce-rubuce da fasaha,ciki har da Neltje Blanchan Literary Award da Jentel Foundation,wanda ke tallafawa wuraren zama na masu fasaha a gonarta a Banner,Wyoming .

A cikin 2010,Neltje ya ba da kyautar ƙasa ga Jami'ar Wyoming,wadda ta ce ita ce mafi girma a tarihinta.Ya ƙunshi kiwonta,ɗakin studio,tarin zane-zane,da riƙon kuɗi.Cibiyar UW Neltje don Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Hulda da Rubuce-Rubuce na Rubuce-Rubuce na Rubuce-rubucen Rubuce-Rubuce na Rukunin Rubuce-Rubuce na Rukunin Rukunin Rubuce-Rubuce ta UW Neltje.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Neltje Doubleday a cikin 1934,ita 'yar Ellen McCarter ce da Nelson Doubleday,kuma tana da babban ɗan'uwa Nelson Doubleday,Jr. An haifi 'yan uwan a Birnin New York; sun girma a Oyster Bay,Long Island.Iyalin kuma sun shafe lokaci a South Carolina.Nelson da Neltje sun halarci makarantu masu zaman kansu.

Kakanninsu na uba sune Neltje Blanchan De Graff da Frank N. Doubleday; kakan su shine wanda ya kafa kamfanin buga littattafai na Doubleday na Amurka.kakarsu ta rubuta littattafai akan lambuna da tsuntsaye.Kakan mahaifiyarsu Thomas McCarter shi ne shugaban Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan Jama'a ta New Jersey kuma mai taimako na Jami'ar Princeton .

## Aure da iyali
A cikin Mayu 1953 yana ɗan shekara 18,Neltje ya auri John Turner Sargent, Sr.,sannan 28 kuma ya riga ya yi aiki a Kamfanin Doubleday.  Suna da 'yar Ellen da ɗanta John Turner Sargent,Jr.  Sargent ya sami matsayi na jagoranci a Doubleday,inda daga baya ya zama shugaban kasa da shugaba.

Bayan da ma'auratan suka sake aure a 1965,Neltje ta koma Wyoming tare da 'ya'yanta ƙanana. Sun kuma ci gaba da ganin mahaifinsu a New York.Ta fara yin zane tun tana da shekaru 30 kuma ta ƙara shiga cikin yin zane-zane.

A shekarar 1967,ta auri Mr. Kings,mai fasaha;sun rabu bayan shekara shida.Bayan wasu shekaru, Neltje ta watsar da sunayen sunanta,ta hanyar amfani da suna guda ɗaya kawai:Neltje. 

Neltje Doubleday Kings ya mutu Jumma'a,Afrilu 30,2021 a Banner, Wyoming.

## Sana'a
Neltje Doubleday ya bar New York kuma ya koma Banner,Wyoming, inda a cikin 1966 ta sayi gonar gona mai girman eka 440 akan Lower Piney Creek.Tun daga nan ta kara wa kayan kiwon shanu da noman ciyawa. Ta gudanar da aikin kiwo a wani bangare don adana albarkatun tarihi da na kasa; An gina ainihin gidan dutse ba da daɗewa ba bayan Yaƙin Mutanen Espanya da Amurka . A nan ne a hankali ta gina sana’arta, inda ta koyi fenti da yin sana’o’i iri-iri, gami da sassaka.
Sut din Ranar Haihuwar Demi

***Demi's Birthday Suit***,ko ***The Suit***,wani zane-zane ne na trompe-l'œil ta Joanne Gair wanda Annie Leibovitz ya dauka wanda aka nuna a kan murfin *Vanity Fair* na Agusta 1992 don tunawa da kuma amfani da nasarar da Leibovitz's *[[More Demi Moore]]* ya samu.na Demi Moore shekara guda bayaA matsayin misali na zanen zanen jiki na zamani, ya ɗaga martabar Gair a cikin al'adun pop a matsayin mai zane a cikin wannan nau'in.  

## Manazarta
Le Déjeuner en fourrure

***Abu (Le Déjeuner en fourrure)***,lit.Abu("The Luncheon in Fur"),wanda aka sani a cikin Ingilishi azaman ***Fur Breakfast*** ko ***Breakfast in Fur***, Wani sassaka ne na shekarar 1936 na surrealist Méret Oppenheim,wanda ya ƙunshi teacup mai lulluɓe,saucer da cokali.

Ayyukan,wanda ya samo asali a cikin tattaunawa a cikin cafe na kasar Paris,shine mafi yawan misalin da aka ambata na sassaka a cikin motsi na surealist. Har ila yau,abin lura ne a matsayin aiki tare da jigogi masu kalubale na mace.

## Tarihi
Manufar aikin ta samo asali ne a cikin tattaunawa tsakanin Oppenheim,Pablo Picasso, da kuma masoyinsa kuma abokin aikinsa Dora Maar a wani gidan cin abinci na Paris inda aka tattauna rawar da gidan cafe ke takawa,kuma inda Oppenheim ke sanye da tagulla mai lullubi.tube munduwa, tsarin da ta sayar wa mai zanen kaya Elsa Schiaparelli  Picasso ya ba da shawarar cewa za a iya rufe komai da Jawo,kuma Oppenheim ya ce wannan zai shafi"ko da wannan kofi da saucer".  Oppenheim yana da kusan shekaru 23 a lokacin.A cikin ɗan ƙaramin sigar tattaunawar da aka yi,Picasso ya yaba wa matashiyar mai zane a kan munduwa na Jawo,kuma cikin kwarjini ta lura cewa akwai abubuwa da yawa da yake jin daɗin waɗanda aka inganta lokacin da aka rufe su da Jawo.Oppenheim ya amsa,harshe a kunci,ta hanyar tambaya, "Ko wannan kofi da saucer?" 

Oppenheim ya ƙirƙira kuma ya baje kolin aikin a matsayin wani ɓangare na nunin farko na André Breton na sculpture na surrealist ( *Exposition surréaliste d'objets* ),wanda aka gudanar a Galerie Charles Ratton.Tun asali ta sanya masa suna a matsayin "Cup,saucer da cokali an rufe shi da Jawo",amma Breton ya sake sanya wa aikin suna dangane da zanen Manet *Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe*. Ayyukan sun yi daidai da ka'idodin Breton a cikin rubutunsa "Rikicin Abu".
Michaela DePrince

**Michaela DePrince**

## Rayuwar farko
An haife ta a matsayin Mabinty Bangura a cikin dangin musulmi, ta girma a matsayin maraya a Saliyo bayan kawunta ya kawo ta gidan marayu a lokacin yakin basasa.

An shaida wa iyayen da suka yi riƙon ta cewa ƙungiyar Revolutionary United Front ce ta harbe mahaifinta a lokacin tana da shekaru uk, kuma mahaifiyarta ta mutu da yunwa ba da daɗewa b.  Sau da yawa ana fama da rashin abinci mai gina jiki ana wulakanta ta da kuma izgili a matsayi "ɗan shaidan" saboda vitiligo   yanayin fata yana haifar da lalata, a gudu zuwa sansanin yan gudun hijira bayan da aka jefa bam a gidan marayu. 

A cikin shekarar 1999,tana da shekaru huɗu,  ita da wata yarinya,wacce kuma mai suna Mabinty, daga baya aka ba da sunan Mia,Elaine da Charles DePrince,ma'aurata daga Cherry Hill, New Jersey, suka ɗauke ta zuwa Amurka. . Iyalin DePrince suna da 'ya'ya 11,ciki har da Michaela,tara daga cikinsu an ɗauke su. 

## Sana'a
Ta samu kwarin guiwa da murfin mujalla na ballerina da ta samo ta ajiye yayin da take Saliyo,DePrince ta sami horo a matsayin ƴan wasan ballet a Amurka,tana yin wasan kwaikwayo a Gasar Matasan Amurka a tsakanin sauran gasa.Ta sami horo a wasan ballet na gargajiya a Makarantar Rock for Dance Education a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Tare da tsananin horo na ballet, DePrince ta ɗauki azuzuwan kan layi ta hanyar Keystone National High School,inda ta sami difloma ta sakandare. An sanar da mutuwarsa yana da shekaru 29 a ranar 13 ga Satumba, 2024 ta Instagram.

## Manazarta
Ruth Duckworth

**Ruth Duckworth** (an haife ta a watan Afrilu10, shekara ta alif 1919 &#x2013;ta mutu a watan Oktoba 18,2009)ta kasance ƴar ƙwararriyar ƙwararriyar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru,ta yi aiki a cikin kayan aikin dutse, porcelain,da tagulla.Abubuwan sassaka nata galibi ba su da suna.An fi saninta da *Clouds over Lake Michigan*,wani sassaken bango.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi **Ruth Windmüller** a ranar 10 ga Afrilu,1919a Hamburg,Jamus,Ruth Duckworth ta ɗauki zane bayan likita ya ba ta shawarar ta kasance a gida don inganta lafiyarta. Ita ce auta a cikin yara biyar.Babban yayanta ya yi alkawarin zai kula da ita har tsawon rayuwarta,amma daga baya aka kashe shi lokacin da jirgin ruwan na Japan ya nutse da jirginsa.

'Yar Ellen,'yar Lutheran,da Edgar,lauya Bayahude,ta bar Jamus don yin karatu a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Liverpool a 1936,saboda ba za ta iya yin karatun fasaha a ƙasarta ba a ƙarƙashin ƙuntatawa da Jamus ta Nazi ta yi. Daga baya ta yi karatu a Hammersmith School of Art da kuma City and Guilds of London Art School, inda ta koyi sassaƙa dutse. Ta yin amfani da waɗannan fasahohin, ta ƙaddamar da aikinta na sassaka kuma ta fara ƙware a sassaƙaƙen kabari.  Lokacin da ta nemi makarantar fasaha, an tambaye ta ko tana son ta mai da hankali kan zane, zane, ko sassaƙa. Ta dage cewa tana son ta yi nazarinsu duka; bayan haka, ta amsa, Michelangelo ya yi haka.
Luise Duttenhofer

**Christiane Luise Duttenhofer** (née **Hummel** ;5 Afrilu1776 - 16 Mayu 1829)yar Jamus ce mai zanen takarda .Ta taso ne a cikin dangin Furotesta na tsakiya,waɗanda suka ba ta wasu ilimin fasaha amma ba su ba ta damar zama ƙwararrun masu fasaha ba. Lokacin da take da shekaru 28,ta auri dan uwanta,mawallafin Kirista Duttenhofer.Ta yi yankan takarda da yawa,wanda sama da 1500 aka san su,gami da hotunan silhouette da aka yanke da hannu.An manta da fasaharta da yawa bayan mutuwarta,amma an sake gano ta a farkon karni na 20.

## Rayuwar farko

An haifi Duttenhofer a matsayin Christiane Luise Hummel a Kurze Straße 40 a Waiblingen a ranar 5 ga Afrilu 1776. Ita kaɗai ce ɗan Georg Hummel,fasto na Furotesta, da Luise Hedwig ( née .Spittler). Bayan mutuwar mahaifinta na 1779,ita da mahaifiyarta sun koma tare da kakaninta na uwa a Stuttgart - Jakob Friedrich Spittler da matarsa Johanna Christine (née .Bilfinger).Kakanta,dan majalisa mai wa'azi kuma mai wa'azi a Stiftskirche,ya mutu a ranar 15 ga Oktoba 1780,kamar yadda aka zaba prelate na Herrenalb. Sai mahaifiyarta da kakarta suka rene ta.Kawun nata, prelate Heinrich Christoph Bilfinger,ya biya don zana darussa ga Luise,wanda basirarsa ta kasance a bayyane tun tana ƙarami,amma bai bar ta ta fara zane ba.Daga baya ta yi nadamar rashin samun cikakken ilimin fasaha kuma da ta so ta zama mai zane,amma tsammanin masu matsakaicin ra'ayi shine cewa fasaha aikin lokaci ne na hutu,ba sana'a ba. Ban da zane-zane,inda ba da daɗewa ba ta zarce malaminta,ta kuma koyi Faransanci da adabi.Ta fara yankan takarda tun tana yarinya,tana yanke kayan ado na gothic irin na abin da ta gani a coci.