Walwalar dabobi

**Jindadin dabbobi** shine ingancin rayuwa da jin daɗin dabbobi gaba ɗaya. Ma'auni na yau da kullun na jindadin dabbobi sun bambanta tsakanin mahallin, amma galibi ana muhawara ta ƙungiyoyin jin daɗin dabbobi, ƴan majalisa, da masana ilimi.[  ]  Kimiyyar jindadin dabbobi tana amfani da ma'auni kamar tsawon rai, cuta, rigakafin rigakafi, ɗabi'a, ilimin halittar jiki, da haifuwa, ko da yake akwai muhawara game da wanne mafi kyawun nuna jindadin dabbobi.

Girmama jindadin dabbobi galibi yana dogara ne akan imanin cewa dabbobin da ba na mutane ba ne, don haka a kula da jin dadinsu ko wahalarsu, musamman a lokacin da suke karkashin kulawar mutane Wadannan damuwa na iya haɗawa da yadda ake yanka dabbobi don abinci, yadda ake amfani da su a cikin binciken kimiyya, yadda ake ajiye su (kamar dabbobi, a cikin namun daji, gonaki, wasan kwaikwayo, da dai sauransu), da kuma yadda ayyukan ɗan adam ke shafar jin dadi da rayuwa na nau'in daji.   

Akwai nau'i biyu na suka game da manufar jin dadin dabbobi, suna fitowa daga matsayi masu adawa da juna. Wata ra'ayi, da wasu masu tunani suka yi a tarihi, sun ce mutane ba su da wani nau'i na kowane nau'i na dabbobi. Wani ra'ayi ya dogara ne akan matsayin hakkin dabba na cewa bai kamata a dauki dabbobi a matsayin wani abu ba kuma duk wani amfani da dabbobi da mutane ke yi ba shi da kyau. Don haka, wasu masu fafutuhkar kare hakkin dabbobi suna jayayya cewa ana amfani da fahimtar mafi kyawun jin daɗin dabbobi a matsayin uzuri na ci gaba da cin zarafin dabbobi.[  Don haka wasu hukumomi suna ɗaukar jin daɗin dabbobi da haƙƙin dabba a matsayin matsayi biyu masu gaba da juna

## Tarihi
ka'idoji, da aiki
An aiwatar da dokokin kare dabbobi tun farkon ƙarni na 1 KZ a Indiya. Sarakunan Indiya da yawa sun gina asibitoci don dabbobi, kuma sarki Ashoka (304-232 KZ) ya ba da umarni game da farauta da yankan dabbobi, daidai da ahimsa, koyarwar rashin tashin hankali. A cikin karni na 13 AZ, Genghis Khan ya kare namun daji a Mongoliya a lokacin kiwo (Maris zuwa Oktoba).
  
1. ] A zamanin Edo na Japan, Tokugawa Tsunayoshi (1646 - 1709) ya kafa dokoki da dama da suka shafi jindadin dabbobi, musamman ga karnuka, wanda ya sa aka yi masa lakabi da "kare Shogun"  
 
A cikinFreedoms". Farm Animal Welfare Council. 2009. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 21 October 2013 1776, limamin Ingilishi Humphrey Primatt ya rubuta A Dissertation on the Duty of Mercy and Sin of Cruelty to Brute Animals, daya daga cikin littattafan farko da aka buga don tallafawa jindadin dabbobi.  Marc Bekoff ya ce "Primatt ya kasance mafi girman alhakin kawo jin dadin dabbobi ga hankalin jama'a."

Tun daga 1822, lokacin da dan majalisar Irish Richard Martin ya kawo "Cruel Treatment of Cattle Act 1822" ta hanyar majalisar da ke ba da kariya daga zalunci ga shanu, dawakai, da tumaki, wani motsi na jin dadin dabbobi yana aiki a Ingila. Martin yana cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar jin daɗin dabbobi ta farko a duniya, Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, ko SPCA, a cikin 1824. A cikin 1840, Sarauniya Victoria ta ba al'umma albarka, kuma ta zama RSPCA. 
 

## Kimiyya jin dadin dabbobi
Babban labarin: Kimiyyar jindadin dabbobi
Kimiyyar jin dadin dabbobi wani fanni ne da ya kunno kai wanda ke neman amsa tambayoyin da aka yi ta hanyar kiyayewa da amfani da dabbobi, kamar ko kaji suna takaici lokacin da aka tsare su a keji,  ko za a iya kiyaye lafiyar tunanin dabbobi a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje,  da kuma ko dabbobin namun daji suna damuwa ta hanyar jigilar da ake buƙata don kiyaye lafiyar duniya. Ireland ta jagoranci bincike a cikin jindadin dabbobin gona tare da Rahoton Bincike da aka buga kwanan nan akan Arzikin Jindadin Dabbobin Noma da aka Ajiye Mayu 8, 2019 a Injin Wayback. 
   

## aikin ruwa
yankata rage karfin su na tawassuli da sadarwa Retrieved 5 September 2017 – via NOAA. injin lantarki sun fi natsuwa, amma ba a yin amfani da su sosai don ko dai bincike ko kallon whale, har ma don kiyaye matsayi, wanda baya buƙatar ƙarfi sosai.[  < Tashar tashar jiragen ruwa ta Vancouver tana ba da rangwamen kuɗi ga jiragen ruwa tare da natsuwa da ƙira. Sauran wuraren sun rage gudu. Haka kuma injunan jiragen ruwa suna da injinan tuka-tuka marasa garkuwa, wanda ke haifar da munanan raunuka ga cetacean da ke kusa da injin.[ jamiin tsaron gabar tekun Amurka sun ba da shawarar dokoki kan masu gadi don kare masu ninkaya na mutane, amma ba su yi amfani da wata doka ba. 4]
     

## Jindadin namun daji
Duba kuma: Namun daji suna shan wahala
Baya ga cetacean, an kuma yi nazari kan jindadin sauran namun daji, duk da cewa ya yi kadan fiye da na dabbobin gonaki. Bincike kan jindadin namun daji yana da abubuwa biyu ne: jin dadin namun daji da aka tsare da kuma jin dadin dabbobin da ke zaune a cikin daji. Na farko ya yi magana game da yanayin dabbobin da aka adana duka don amfanin ɗan adam, kamar a cikin gidajen namun daji ko dawakai, ko a cibiyoyin gyarawa.[   hNa karshen ya yi nazarin yadda jin dadin dabbobin da ba na gida ba da ke zaune a cikin daji ko birane ke shafar mutane ko abubuwan da ke haifar da wahalar namun daji.  

Wasu daga cikin masu wannan ra'ayi sun ba da shawarar aiwatar da ayyukan kiyayewa ta hanyoyin da za su mutunta jin dadin namun daji, a cikin tsarin tsarin kiyaye jin kai  da jin dadin kiyayewa,  yayin da wasu suka yi jayayya da inganta jin dadin namun daji don kare dabbobi, ba tare da la'akari da ko akwai wani abu ba   masanin tattalin arziki na jindaɗi Yew-Kwang Ng, a cikin 1995 "Game da ilmin halitta jindaɗi: Tattalin arzikin Juyin Halitta na wayewar dabbobi da wahala", ya gabatar da ilimin halittar jin daɗin rayuwa a matsayin filin bincike don nazarin "masu rai da muhallinsu dangane da jindadin su (wanda aka ayyana a matsayin farin ciki na yau da kullun, ko jin daɗi ban da wahala)."[75].
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## Ƙasar Ingila
Dokar Jin Dadin Dabbobi ta 2006 ta sanya masu mallaka da masu kula da su da alhakin tabbatar da biyan bukatun jin dadin dabbobin su. Waɗannan sun haɗa da buƙatu: don yanayin da ya dace (wurin zama), don abinci mai dacewa, don nuna dabi'u na al'ada, zama tare da, ko ban da, sauran dabbobi (idan an zartar), da kuma kiyaye su daga ciwo, rauni, wahala da cuta. Duk wanda yake zaluntar dabba, ko bai biya bukatunta ba, ana iya haramta shi daga mallakar dabbobi, a ci shi tarar fan 20,000 da/ko kuma a kai shi gidan yari na tsawon watanni shida. ]

A cikin Burtaniya, jin daɗin dabbobin bincike da ake amfani da su don "hanyoyin da aka tsara" an kiyaye su ta tarihi ta Dokar Dabbobi (Scientific Procedures) Dokar 1986 (ASPA) wacce Ofishin Gida ke gudanarwa. Dokar ta bayyana "hanyoyi da aka tsara" a matsayin gwaje-gwajen dabba da za su iya haifar da "zafi, wahala, damuwa ko lahani mai dorewa" ga "dabbobin da aka kare". Da farko, “dabbobin da aka kayyade” sun ƙunshi dukkan kasusuwan kashin baya waɗanda ba mutane ba, amma, a cikin 1993, gyare-gyaren da aka yi ya ƙara nau’in nau’in invertebrate guda ɗaya, wato dorinar ruwa gama gari.
 
Primates, kuliyoyi, karnuka, da dawakai suna da ƙarin kariya akan sauran kashin baya ƙarƙashin Dokar. Dokar da aka sake bita ta fara aiki a cikin Janairu 2013. An faɗaɗa wannan don kare "... duk vertebrates masu rai, ban da mutum, da duk wani cephalopod mai rai. Kifi da amphibia suna kare da zarar sun iya ciyar da kansu da kuma cephalopods a 
 

## Amurka
A {asar Amirka, an tsara dokar tarayya mai suna Dokar Kisan Bil Adama don rage radadin da ake samu a lokacin yanka. 

Dokar Kariyar Dabbobi ta Georgia ta 1986 wata doka ce ta jiha da aka kafa don mayar da martani ga cin mutuncin dabbobin abokantaka ta sarkar kantin dabbobi a Atlanta.  sannan kuma ya kara fadada da karfafa shi da dokar kare dabbobi ta 2000

A cikin 2002, masu jefa ƙuri'a sun wuce (ta hanyar 55% na 45% na adawa) Gyara 10 ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Florida wanda ya haramta tsare aladu masu ciki a cikin akwatunan ciki. A cikin 2006, masu jefa ƙuri'a na Arizona sun ba da shawarar 204 tare da goyon bayan 62%; Dokar ta hana kulle maruƙa a cikin akwatunan maraƙi da shukar kiwo a cikin akwatunan ciki. A cikin 2007, Gwamnan Oregon ya rattaba hannu kan dokar da ta haramta tsare aladu a cikin akwatunan gestation  kuma a cikin 2008, Gwamnan Colorado ya sanya hannu kan dokar da ta kawar da akwatunan gestation da akwatunan maraƙi.  ila yau, a cikin 2008, California ta zartar da shawara na 2, wanda aka sani da "Trevention of Farm Animal Cruelty Act", wanda ke ba da umarnin sabon buƙatun sararin samaniya don dabbobin gona da aka fara a 2015.

Amfani da dabbobi a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje ya kasance mai kawo rigima. Masu ba da shawara kan jindadin dabbobi suna tura ƙa'idodi don tabbatar da lafiya da amincin waɗannan dabbobin da aka yi amfani da su don gwaje-gwaje.
A cikin Amurka, duk wata cibiya da ke amfani da dabbobi masu kaifi don binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje na tarayya dole ne ta sami Kwamitin Kula da Dabbobi da Amfani (IACUC).

## Hankali a cikin dabbobi
Wasu a fagen, irin su farfesa Ian Dunca farfesa Marian Dawkins,  sun fi mayar da hankali kan ji na dabba. Wannan hanya tana nuna imanin cewa ya kamata a dauki dabbobi a matsayin halittu masu rai. Duncan ya rubuta, "Kwantar da dabbobi yana da alaƙa da jin daɗin da dabbobi ke fuskanta: rashin ƙarfi mara kyau, yawanci ana kiransa wahala, da kuma (wataƙila) kasancewar ra'ayi mai kyau, yawanci ana kiransa jin daɗi. A cikin kowane kima na jindadi, waɗannan ji ne ya kamata a tantance.

Ma'anar ƙamus - A cikin Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary, an ayyana jindadin dabbobi a matsayin "kaucewa cin zarafi da cin zarafin dabbobi ta hanyar mutane ta hanyar kiyaye ka'idodin masauki, ciyarwa da kulawa gabaɗaya, rigakafi da maganin cututtuka da kuma tabbatar da 'yanci daga tsangwama, da rashin jin daɗi da ba dole ba."
 
Kungiyar likitocin dabbobi ta Amurka (AVMA) ta ayyana jindadin dabbobi a matsayin: "Dabba tana cikin kyakkyawan yanayin jindadi idan (kamar yadda shaidun kimiyya suka nuna) tana da lafiya, jin dadi, abinci mai gina jiki, aminci, mai iya bayyana dabi'un halitta, kuma idan ba ta fama da yanayi mara kyau kamar zafi, tsoro, da damuwa."

## manazarta