Harákmbut harshe

**Harákmbut** ko **Harakmbet** (matsi a kan syllable na biyu) yare ne na asalin mutanen Harakmbut na  yankin Peru . Ana magana da shi a gefen Madre de Dios da Kogin Colorado, a cikin ƙasar da mutane suka haɗu. Akwai yaruka guda biyu da suka kasance masu mahimmanci: Amarakaeri (Arakmbut) da Watipaeri (Huachipaeri), waɗanda aka ruwaito cewa suna fahimtar juna. Dangantaka tsakanin masu magana da yarukan biyu ba ta da kyau ko basa shiri da juna .

Ya zuwa shekara ta 2012, yara a wasu al'ummomi har yanzu suna koyon Amarakaeri. Akwai kashi 5% na karatu da rubutu idan aka kwatanta da kashi 75% na karatu da rubuce-rubuce a cikin harshen Mutanen Espanya na biyu. Suna zaune a cikin al'ummomin Puerto Luz, Shintuya, San José Del Karene, Barranco Chico, Boca Inambari, Boca Ishiriwe, Puerto Azul, Masenawa da Kotsimba. Sunan *Amarakaeri*, daga *wa-mba-arak-a-eri* "masu kisan kai", an dauke shi da wulakanci; an fi son sunan *Arakmbut*.

Masu magana da Watipaeri (*wa-tipa-eri*) galibi suna mai da hankali ne a cikin al'ummomin Queros da Santa Rosa de Huacaria, a cikin gandun daji na Peruvian. Membobinsu suna fuskantar asarar al'adu, gami da rikitarwa na yarensu, musamman saboda rata tsakanin dattawa da matasa.

## Rarraba
An yarda da Harakmbut a matsayin yare mai zaman kansa tun daga shekarun 1960.  Adelaar (2000, 2007)   ya gabatar da mafi yawan shaidu na ƙamus cewa yana da alaƙa da iyalin Katukinan na Brazil; tasirin daga yarukan Tupian kuma yana nuna asalin Brazil. Campbell (2012) ya yarda da shaidar a matsayin "mai rinjaye". Jolkesky (2011) ya yarda, kuma ya kara Arawan ga iyali.*Glottolog* ya lura da "haɗin haɗin ƙamus tare da Katukina [...] tare da adadi mai yawa na siffofi iri ɗaya, amma tsarin sunayen, lambobi ko ƙayyadaddun yanayin ba su nuna ƙwarewa ba.  **'Jolkesky (2016) ya lura cewa akwai kamanceceniya da iyalan yaren Pano, Puinave-Nadahup, Tupian, da [[Harsunan Arawak|Arawak]] saboda hulɗa. Kamance-kamance tare da Tupian na iya nuna asalin da ya gabata a cikin Kogin Madeira River hulɗa.

== Harsuna ==
Akwai yaruka shida da aka rubuta na Harákmbut, babu wani daga cikinsu da ya fi 'yan kaɗan da suka rage masu magana da kyau.

* **Amarakaeri** (autonym: ***Arakmbut***), yaren da aka fi magana da shi, ana magana da shi a cikin al'ummomin Puerto Luz, Shintuya, San José Del Karene, Barranco Chico, Boca Inambari, Boca Ishiriwe, Puerto Azul, Masenawa, da Kotsimba. Akwai yawan kabilanci na 1043 a shekarar 2007.
* **Watipaeri**, tare da kabilanci 392 a Queros da Santa Rosa de Huacaria
* **Arasaeri** yana da kabilanci 317 a cikin Arazaeri (arãsã-eri, mutanen Kogin Marcatapa; ana magana da su a cikin Arazeeri) 
* **Pukirieri** tana da kabilanci 168 (''pukiri-eri'', mutanen Kogin Pukiri) 
* **Sapiteri** da Kisambaeri (yawan jama'a 47, a Barranco Chico) 
* **Toyoeri*': ya ƙare (*toyo (dn) -eri*, mutane a cikin kogi) 

Matsayin kwayar halitta na Toyoeri yana da jayayya. Wasu masu bincike sun raba yarukan zuwa manyan kungiyoyi biyu, tare da Watipaeri da Toyoeri a cikin sauti da kuma lexically daban-daban daga Amarakaeri / Arakmbut, Arasaeri da Sapiteri. Bayanai daga Aza (1936) da Peck (1958), duk da haka, sun nuna cewa Arakmbut ya bambanta da sauran huɗu, waɗanda suke kama da juna.

== Fasahar sauti ==
Amarakaeri has ten distinct vowels and only nine distinct consonants. When adjacent to /a/, /e/ tends to rise to /i/ or /j/. This can cause palatalization of a preceding consonant, e.g. *kate-apo* 'why?' as   or . Similarly, /o/ tends to rise to /u/ or /w/ when adjacent to /a/ or /e/, e.g. *ĩ-nõ-põ-ẽ-ỹ'' 'I know' as .

Matsayin sauti na  da  ba a bayyane yake ba. Sun bambanta tsakanin yaruka, amma kuma tsakanin masu magana har ma da wannan mai magana a Arakmbut. Suna iya zama ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadadden da aka yi amfani da su don rarraba kalmomin da ba su da farawa ko ƙayyadyadaddun.

Sauran yaruka sun bayyana sun bambanta ne kawai a gaban /h/ ko rashin /w/.

/t k n s/ yana faruwa a cikin syllable codas, kuma /ŋ/ kawai a cikin sylable codas.

Tsayawa yana zuwa ga  a cikin matsayi na intervocalic.  (A cikin Toyoeri da Sapiteri, an ruwaito wannan ne kawai don /k/.) Daga cikin matasa, kuma sau da yawa daga cikin dattawan su, alveolars /t n/ palatalize zuwa [tzʃ] da  (ko []) kafin /i, ĩ/; /s/ palatalizes zuwa  kafin /i، ĩ/ da /u, ũ/.  (A cikin Toyoeri da Sapiteri, an ruwaito wannan ne kawai don /t/.) 

Harshen hanci suna da fahimta daban-daban, dangane da ko wasula da ke kusa da baki ne ko hanci, tare da /m/ da /n/ da ya shafi kafin wasula ta baki, da /n / da /ŋ/ da ya shafa bayan daya:
## manazarta