Mark Z. Jacobson

**Mark Zachary Jacobson** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1965) farfesa ne a fannin injiniya da muhalli a Jami'ar Stanford kuma darektan Shirin Yanayi / Makamashi. Har ila yau, shi ne co-kafa kungiyar ba da riba, Solutions Project .

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
Jacobson ya bi "mafi kyawun fahimtar gurɓataccen iska da matsalolin dumama na duniya da haɓaka manyan hanyoyin tsabtace makamashi masu sabuntawa". Ya haɓaka samfuran kwamfuta  don nazarin tasirin burbushin burbushin halittu, man fetur, da ƙonewar biomass akan gurɓataccen iska, yanayi, da yanayi. Tare da waɗannan samfuran, Jacobson ya bincika tasirin ƙwayoyin ɗan adam (black carbon da brown carbon) akan kiwon lafiya da yanayi. Ya gabatar da irin waɗannan barbashi a matsayin na biyu na farko na warming na duniya bayan carbon dioxide. Saboda tasirin lafiyarsu mai karfi da gajeren lokacin da suke cikin iska, ya kuma yi la'akari da cewa rage hayakin su na iya inganta lafiyar mutane da sauri rage dumamar yanayi.

A cikin takardar Kimiyya ta Amurka ta 2009, Jacobson da Mark Delucchi sun ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata duniya ta matsa zuwa 100% mai tsabta, makamashi mai sabuntawa, wato iska, ruwa, da hasken rana, a duk bangarorin makamashi. Ya tattauna kuma ya inganta   juyin juya halin kayan aikin makamashi na duniya zuwa "100% iska, ruwa, da hasken rana (WWS) don kowane dalili"  a cikin tambayoyin da yawa  Nazarin Jacobson na 2015 game da sauya jihohi 50 zuwa WWS an nuna shi a matsayin tushen kimiyya a cikin House Resolution 540 (2015)  kuma a cikin 2015 New York Senate Bill S5527 akan makamashi mai sabuntawa [4] The Green New Deal ya dace da ilimin Jacobson. 

Maganin makamashi mai tsabta na Jacobson ya cire makamashin nukiliya, kama carbon, da bioenergy,  wanda ya haifar da turawa daga masu goyon bayan waɗannan fasahohin a cikin nau'ikan wasiƙu da takardun mujallar   Ya wallafa amsoshin da aka sake dubawa ga waɗannan masu sukar.  

Jacobson ya gina gidansa na net-zero don gudanar da makamashi mai sabuntawa. Ya kuma kasance gwani mai shaida a cikin Held v. Montana, shari'ar yanayi ta farko a tarihin Amurka.

## Bincike
Jacobson ya wallafa bincike kan rawar da baƙar fata carbon da sauran sinadarai na aerosol ke takawa a kan yanayin duniya da na yanki.

Jacobson ya ba da shawarar sauyawa cikin sauri zuwa 100% mai sabuntawa don iyakance Canjin yanayi, lalacewar gurɓataccen iska, da batutuwan Tsaro na makamashi. Jacobson ya kafa aikin ba da riba ba a cikin 2011 tare da Marco Krapels, Mark Ruffalo, da Josh Fox . An fara aikin Sakamako don hada kimiyya, kasuwanci, da al'adu a kokarin ilimantar da jama'a da masu tsara manufofi game da ikon jihohin Amurka da al'ummomi don canzawa zuwa "duniya mai sabuntawa 100%".

### Soot da aerosol
Jacobson, a matsayin dalibi na PhD a UCLA a karkashin Richard P. Turco, ya fara ci gaban samfurin kwamfuta a cikin 1990 tare da ci gaban algorithms don abin da yanzu ake kira GATOR-GCMOM (Gas, Aerosol, Transport, Radiation, General Circulation, Mesoscale, da Ocean Model).  Wannan samfurin yana kwaikwayon gurɓataccen iska, yanayi, da yanayi daga cikin gida zuwa duniya. Zhang (2008, shafi na 2901, 2902) ya kira samfurin Jacobson "na farko da aka haɗa a kan layi a cikin tarihi wanda ke da asusun duk manyan abubuwan da ke tattare da manyan hanyoyin yanayi bisa ga ka'idojin farko".&nbsp;

An tabbatar da gyaran Jacobson game da tasirin dumama na soot da kuma kammalawa cewa baƙar carbon na iya zama na biyu na haifar da dumama na duniya dangane da tilasta radiative a cikin cikakken bita na Bond et al. (2013).  Don wannan aikin, ya sami lambar yabo ta Henry G. Houghton  daga American Meteorological Society a shekara ta 2005 da kuma lambar yabo ta American Geophysical Union Ascent a shekara ta 2013.

Jacobson ya kuma tsara kansa kuma ya tabbatar da aikin masu bincike na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya, wadanda kuma suka kiyasta cewa tururi / kwayoyin halitta da aka samar daga konewar man fetur da man fetur na iya haifar da mutuwar sama da miliyan 1.5 a kowace shekara daga cututtuka kamar cututtukan numfashi, cututtukani na zuciya da asma. Wadannan mutuwar suna faruwa galibi a kasashe masu tasowa inda ake amfani da itace, naman dabba, kerosene, da kwal don dafa abinci.

Saboda gajeren rayuwar yanayi na baƙar fata, a cikin 2002 Jacobson ya kammala cewa sarrafa soot shine hanya mafi sauri don fara sarrafa dumamar duniya kuma hakan zai inganta lafiyar ɗan adam. Koyaya, ya yi gargadi cewa sarrafa carbon dioxide, babban dalilin dumamar duniya, yana da mahimmanci don dakatar da dumamar.

## Manazarta