Atmosfair

**Atmosfair** ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta Jamus wacce ke ba da rangwame ga iskar gas mai gurbata muhalli da jiragen sama, jiragen ruwa na ruwa, jiragen ruwa masu nisa, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru. Ƙungiyar, wacce aka kafa a shekarar 2005, tana haɓakawa da kuma ba da kuɗaɗen ayyukan ƙananan matakan ingantaccen makamashi da ayyukan makamashi mai sabuntawa a ƙasashe masu tasowa, waɗanda ke haifar da raguwar hayakin carbon. 

Atmosfair ta sha samun yabo akai-akai saboda gudanar da aiki da gaskiya da riƙon amana, da kuma amfani da kuɗi yadda ya kamata.

Babban mai hannun jarinsa,  (Gidauniyar Dorewa), an haife ta ne daga wani aikin bincike na haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Tarayya da ƙungiyar Germanwatch . Abokan hulɗar Atmosfair sune Klaus Töpfer, Mojib Latif da Hartmut Graßl. Bugu da ƙari, ƙungiyar ta sanya hannu kan Shirin Ƙungiyoyin Farar Hula masu gaskiya (  ).

Atmosfair tana da rijista a Bonn kuma tana gudanar da ita ne daga ofishinta da ke Berlin.

## Hanyar
Atmosfair ta ƙirƙiro na'urar ƙirƙiro hayaki mai gurbata muhalli wadda ke ƙididdige nau'ikan iskar gas na kore da ake fitarwa lokacin tafiya kuma tana fassara su zuwa adadin carbon-dioxide daidai gwargwado bisa ga tasirin yanayi. Ga jiragen sama, lissafin ya dogara ne akan filayen tashi da isowa da kuma ajin jirgin sama da kuma samfurin jirgin sama. Ga jiragen ruwa, abubuwan da ke bayyana su ne nau'in jirgin ruwa, nau'in ɗakin jirgi da adadin kwanakin da aka yi a teku. Lissafi kuma sun haɗa da hayakin da ya shafi yanayi banda carbon dioxide, kamar nitrogen oxides da barbashi masu ƙura, waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga tasirin greenhouse, musamman a wurare masu tsayi (misali ta hanyar tara iskar ozone ko hanyoyin danshi ). A cewar wani bincike da Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Tarayya ta Jamus ta jagoranta, wannan ya kai kashi 3-5, ma'ana cewa lita ɗaya na man fetur na jirgin sama yana da tasirin ɗumama yanayi wanda ya fi ƙarfin sau 3-5 fiye da tasirin hayakin carbon-dioxide kawai.

Ana samun kalkuleta a gidan yanar gizon Atmosfair kuma kyauta ne don amfani. Bayan ƙididdige hayakin da suke fitarwa, abokin ciniki zai iya bayar da gudummawa daidai da adadin hayakin da yake son ragewa. Sannan za a rage adadin hayakin da ya dace da shi a wani wuri ta hanyar ayyukan rage sauyin yanayi .

Duk ayyukan da Atmosfair ke gudanarwa suna tallafawa ayyukan rage sauyin yanayi ne kawai waɗanda suka faɗi cikin Tsarin Ci Gaba Mai Tsabta (CDM, Kyoto protocol )  kuma suna bin ƙa'idar Zinare. Saboda haka, ayyukan da Atmosfair ke tallafawa suna samar da CERs na Zinare (Certified Emissions Reductions) waɗanda aka yi ritaya bisa ga haka. Manufar Atmosfair ba ta tanadar da haɗa da Verified Emission Reduction (VERs) ba, domin ba sa buƙatar alhakin mai binciken waje.

Bayan jiragen sama da jiragen ruwa na yawon bude ido, Atmosfair kuma tana bayar da rangwamen carbon don abubuwan da suka faru kamar taro ko tarurruka (MICE).

## Tallafin Kuɗi
Ana samun kuɗaɗen ƙungiyar ne ta hanyar gudummawa, waɗanda ke samun riba daga asusun ajiya da kuma kuɗin shiga da ake samu ta hanyar sayar da manhajar lissafin hayakin carbon. Ayyukan rage sauyin yanayi da siyan fasaha da ake gudanarwa a madadin abokan ciniki su ne ƙarin tushen samun kuɗi.

AA cewar rahotannin shekara-shekara na 2009 zuwa 2017, akalla kashi 90% na gudummawar da aka bayar ga Atmosfair an kashe su kai tsaye kan ayyuka a ƙasashe masu tasowa. Tunda ana shirin gudanar da ayyuka na tsawon shekaru da yawa, ana biyan kuɗi gwargwadon buƙata. Zai iya ɗaukar har zuwa shekaru biyu kafin gudummawa ta isa ga aikin da aka nufa.

Saboda haka, Atmosfair ta wuce burinta na takaita kashe kuɗi ga ma'aikatan aiki, ma'aikatan kula da abokan ciniki da gudanarwa (hayar, fasahar sadarwa da sauransu) zuwa kashi 20%.

## Ayyuka
A shekarar 2017, Atmosfair ta ba da kuɗaɗen ayyukan a cikin waɗannan rukunoni huɗu:

* Murhun girki masu inganci: rarraba murhun girki masu inganci tare da haɗin gwiwar Global Alliance for Clean Cookers . Daga 2009 zuwa 2017, an adana tan 763,780 na hayakin carbon. A matsakaici, murhu yana adana har zuwa tan 3 na carbon a kowace shekara. Yankunan aikin sune Najeriya, Rwanda, Kamaru, Lesotho da Indiya .
* Gas mai rai da biomass: gina ƙananan masana'antun biogas, samar da wutar lantarki daga ragowar girbi, takin sharar halitta. Tsakanin 2007 da 2017, tanadi ya kai tan 1,459,800 na hayakin carbon. A matsakaici, masana'antar biogas/biomass tana adana kusan tan huɗu na carbon a shekara. Yankunan aikin sune Indiya, Kenya, Thailand da Nepal .
* Iska, ruwa da rana: Ayyukan makamashin da ake sabuntawa sun ceci tan 549,900 na hayakin carbon tsakanin 2007 da 2017. Tashar wutar lantarki ta ruwa a Honduras tana adana kusan tan 73 na CO2 a kowace rana, kuma tashoshin makamashin rana da iska suna adana kusan tan 1.1 na CO2 a kowace shekara.
* Ilimin muhalli: ayyukan makaranta a makarantun Jamus.

A shekara ta 2010, wani bincike da Jami'ar Eberswalde ta gudanar kan masu samar da na'urorin rage fitar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli a Jamus ya gano cewa Atmosfair ita ce kawai mai samar da wutar lantarki da ta cimma matsayin "mai kyau sosai" ("  "). A cikin rukunan "lissafin gaskiya", "ingancin daidaitawa" da "sadarwar masu amfani", Atmosfair ta sami ƙimar "mai kyau sosai". 

A shekara ta 2006, sashen yanayi na Jami'ar Amurka Tufts ya sake duba ƙungiyoyi 13 da ke ba da rangwamen carbon. Ka'idojin kimantawa sune bayyana gaskiya, daidaiton lissafin, farashin da aka biya da kuma farashin gudanarwa. An bai wa Atmosfair ƙimar "mai kyau sosai" tare da wasu masu samar da kayayyaki uku. 

Bugu da ƙari, an ba Atmosfair matsayi na farko a cikin waɗannan matsayi:

* 2018: Gidauniyar Jamus Stiftung Warentest – "Gwajin kuɗi - rage yawan carbon: waɗannan masu samar da kayayyaki sun fi yin hakan don rage sauyin yanayi". 
* 2010: An ba da kyautar Atmosfair da bambanci "ba tare da sharadi ba" ("uneingeschränkt empfehlenswert") tare da wasu masu samar da biyu ta Verbraucherzentrale Bundesverband. 
* 2009: Wani bincike na kwatantawa da Jami'ar Graz ta gudanar, inda Atmosfair ita ce kaɗai ɗalibi da ya sami maki "mai kyau sosai". Bugu da ƙari, ya kai matsayi mafi girma a manyan fannoni "ingancin daidaitawa" da "bayyananne".
* 2008: Wani bincike da Jami'ar Free University of Brussels ta gudanar ya kimanta Atmosfair, a matsayin mai samar da mafi kyawun tsarin rage hayaki mai gurbata muhalli. 
* 2007: Atmosfair ta sami matsayi mafi girma (maki 8/10) a wani bincike da mujallar *[[BBC]] Wildlife* ta gudanar. 
* 2007: jaridar *[[Aftonbladet]]* ta kasar Sweden ta kuma sanya Atmosfair a matsayin babbar mai samar da rage fitar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli. 

Ana yawan lissafa Atmosfair a cikin sahun gaba a wasu matsayi da nazarin kwatantawa.

## Ingantaccen muhalli
Kwamitin ba da shawara, wanda wakilan Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Tarayya, Kare Yanayi da Tsaron Nukiliya (BMU) suka kafa, yana aiki don tabbatar da cewa ƙungiyar ta bi ƙa'idodin da aka bayyana a cikin rahotannin shekara-shekara.  Waɗannan sun haɗa da ƙin bayar da gudummawa daga masu ba da gudummawa waɗanda lissafin carbon ɗinsu bai bi ƙa'idodin Atmosfair ba. Dole ne duk ayyukan su bi ka'idodin CDM da Gold Standard; dole ne a ƙididdige tasirin yanayi na jiragen sama bisa ga sabbin binciken kimiyya kuma dole ne a guji kalmomin da ba su da mahimmanci kamar "tsaka tsaki a yanayi".

A shekarar 2008, shigar da ƙarin gurɓatattun abubuwa a cikin lissafin hayakin da aka fitar ya sa haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Atmosfair da Lufthansa ya kasa yiwuwa. Matsayin da Atmosfair ta ɗauka ya samu karbuwa sosai daga al'ummomin kimiyya da kare muhalli da kuma kafofin watsa labarai. 

## Manazarta