Modesto

**Modesto** Modesto (/məˈdɛstoʊ/, lafazin Mutanen Espanya: [moˈðesto]) ita ce wurin  gunduma kuma birni mafi girma na Stanislaus County na garin California a Amurka. Tare da yawan jama'a 218,069 bisa ga kiyasin Ofishin Kididdiga na Amurka na 2022, shine birni mafi girma na 19 a California.

Modesto yana cikin yankin Central Valley , mil 68 (kilomita 109) kudu da Sacramento da mil 90 (kilomita 140) arewa da Fresno.  Nisa daga wasu wurare sun haɗa da: mil 40 (kilomita 64) arewacin Merced, California, mil 92 (kilomita 148) gabas da San Francisco, mil 66 (kilomita 106) yamma da wurin shakatawa na Yosemite, da mil 24 (kilomita 39) kudu maso gabas. Stockton, Carlifornia

Birnin, a cikin kwarin San Joaquin, yana kewaye da ƙasar noma mai albarka.  Gundumar Stanislaus tana matsayi na shida a tsakanin kananan hukumomin California wajen noman noma.  Gida ne ga Gallo Family Winery, mafi girman gidan inabi na iyali a cikin [Amurka.  Madara, almonds, kaji, walnuts, da silage masara ke jagoranta, gundumar ta sami kusan dala biliyan 3.1 a cikin ayyukan noma a cikin 2011. Motsin fama-zuwa tebur yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a Modesto da ke zaune a Tsakiyar Valley.

An karrama Modesto azaman Birnin Bishiyar [Amurka lokuta da yawa.

## Tarihi
Birnin Modesto asalinsa ya kasance tasha akan titin jirgin ƙasa da ke haɗa Sacramento zuwa Los Angeles, wanda Central Pacific Railroad ya gina.  Lokacin da aka kafa Modesto a cikin 1870, wanda ya kafa kamfanin layin dogo watau Mark Hopkins Jr.  ya ba da shawarar a saka masa sunan abokin aikinsa ma'aikacin banki William C. Ralston.  Ralston ya nemi a samo wani suna, kuma wani ma’aikacin layin dogo ya yi kira da babbar murya a cikin Mutanen Espanya cewa Ralston mutum ne mai tawali’u.  Wanda ya kafa kamfanin layin dogo na Charles Crocker  sannan ya sanyawa garin suna Modesto don karramawar Ralston.

Yawan jama'ar Modesto ya zarce mazauna 1,000 a cikin 1884. Tare da filayen hatsi, kogin Tuolumne da ke kusa don jigilar hatsi, da zirga-zirgar jiragen ƙasa, garin ya girma.  Ruwan ban ruwa yana fitowa daga madatsun ruwa da aka girka a cikin tudu, kuma filayen ban ruwa na kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa da na goro sun bunƙasa.  A shekara ta 1900, yawan mutanen Modesto ya fi 4,500.  A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, yankin ya ba da kayan gwangwani, madarar foda, da ƙwai ga sojojin Amurka da sojojin ƙawance.  A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, yawan mutanen Modesto ya karu da kusan kashi biyu cikin dari a kowace shekara, zuwa sama da 100,000 a 1980 kuma sama da 200,000 a 2001.

Taken hukuma na birni, "Ruwa, Wadata, wadatar zuci, Lafiya" an lullube shi a cikin tsakiyar garin Modesto Arch, wanda ke cikin hotuna da katunan gidan waya.  An zaɓi taken a wata gasa da aka gudanar a shekara ta 1911, tare da kyautar dala 3 ga wanda ya yi nasara.  (Ainihin taken nasara, "Babu wanda ya sami akuyar Modesto", daga baya jami'an garin suka ƙi.) A wasu lokuta ana yi wa taken Modesto kamar "Kasar tana samun ruwa, masu banki suna samun arziki, shanu suna samun gamsuwa, manoma kuma suna samun wadatar abinci masu lafiya".

### Tsare-tsare da muhalli
A cikin 1885, Modesto ya ƙaddamar da abin da a yanzu ake ɗauka shine dokar yanki ta farko.  Babban manufar dokar ita ce ta hana wanki (waɗanda Sinawa ke sarrafa su), daga cikin birni.  Bayan da wani mutum da aka kama ya shigar da kara don yin hamayya da kundin tsarin mulkin, shari'ar ta zarce zuwa Kotun Koli ta California wadda ta gano cewa dokar ta zama kundin tsarin mulki.

A ƙarshen 1980s kuma, Modesto ta fara sabuntawa ga babban shirin birni bisa ga buƙatun Jihar California.  Sakamakon ya kasance cikakken kimantawa na madadin yawan jama'a da hasashen amfanin ƙasa tare da binciken tasirin muhalli mai alaƙa.  Wasu daga cikin abubuwan muhalli da aka tantance ta fasaha sune ingancin iska, ingancin ruwa, hayaniyar muhalli, gurɓacewar ƙasa da tasirin gani.

Yawancin kasa a cikin Modesto an rarraba su azaman ɓangare na jerin Hanford: (HbpA) yashi mai kyau, matsakaicin zurfi sama da silt.  Waɗannan ƙasan ƙasƙan ƙasƙanci ne mai kyau, matsakaita-ƙasa-ƙasa waɗanda aka samo daga alluvium daga dutsen granite.  Ƙasar Hanford tana da mahimmanci don samar da gonaki iri-iri na ban ruwa, gonaki, da na manyan motoci.

Matsalolin ruwan kusa sun haɗa da kogin Stanislaus, kogin Tuolumne da Dry Creek wanda ke fantsama cikin kogin Tuolumne.  Ruwan cikin ƙasa, wanda shine babban tushen samar da ruwa a cikin birni,  ya kasance mai rauni a tarihi ta hanyar da ta bambanta ta sarari.  Ruwa daga Tafkin Modesto na kusa ana amfani da shi don ƙara ruwan birni.  A sassa dabam-dabam na birnin da kewayen  gurbacewar ruwa masu zuwa sun faru lokaci zuwa lokaci: nitrates, dibromochloromethane, lalata, salinity, gabaɗayan narkar da daskararru da sauran magungunan kashe qwari.  Kowanne daga cikin waɗannan gurɓatattun ba ya cikin birni.

EPA yana ƙididdige ingancin iska a cikin Modesto a matsayin 23 akan sikeli zuwa 100 (mafi girma shine mafi kyau), yana mai da Modesto wurin zama mara lafiya don zama ga waɗanda ke da wahalar numfashi.  Wannan ya dogara ne akan kwanakin faɗakarwar ozone da adadin gurɓataccen iska a cikin iska.  A cikin Mayu 2010, mujallar Forbes , tare da haɗin gwiwar Ƙungiyar Huhu ta Amurka, ta nuna cewa Modesto yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan birane 25 mafi ƙazanta a cikin U.S.

### Farfadowar cikin gari
Tun daga cikin 2000s, cikin garin Modesto (DOMO) yana da sabbin abubuwan jan hankali ciki har da Cibiyar Gallo don Arts da sabon Downtown Plaza kusa da Modesto Center Plaza.  Downtown Modesto ya yi hasarar Otal ɗin Covell, art deco Strand Theater, da ginin Sears.

Titunan tarihi na 10 da na 11, waɗanda su ne ainihin wuraren balaguron balaguro da aka nuna a cikin Graffiti na Amurka, birnin Modesto ta sanya su a matsayin Hanyar Cruise na Tarihi.  Wannan yanzu yawon buɗe ido ne tare da bayanai game da kiɗan Modesto, mota da al'adun rubutu.

## Manazarta