Superinsulation

**Superinsulation** wata hanya ce ta ƙirar gini, gini, da sake gyarawa wanda ke rage yawan asarar zafi (da riba) ta hanyar amfani da matakan rufewa da iska fiye da matsakaita. Superinsulation yana ɗaya daga cikin kakannin tsarin tsarin gidan m.

## Ma'anarsa
Babu wani ma'anar abin da aka yarda da shi a duniya na superinsulation, amma manyan gine-ginen yawanci sun haɗa da:

Babban matakan rufi, yawanci R-40 (RSI-7) ganuwar da R-60 (RSI-10.6) rufin, daidai da SI U-darajar 0.15 da 0.1 W/(m2·K) bi da bi)

Cikakkun bayanai don tabbatar da ci gaba da rufewa inda ganuwar ta haɗu da rufin, tushe, da sauran bangon

Gina iska, musamman a kusa da ƙofofi da tagogi, don hana shigar iska da ke tura zafi ciki ko waje

tsarin numfashi na farfadowa na zafi don samar da iska mai tsabta

Babu manyan tagogi da ke fuskantar kowace hanya ta musamman

Ya fi ƙanƙanta fiye da tsarin dumama na al'ada, wani lokacin kawai ƙaramar dumama

Nisson & Dutt (1985) ya ba da shawarar cewa za a iya kwatanta gida a matsayin "wanda aka fi sani da shi" idan farashin dumama sararin samaniya ya yi ƙasa da na dumama ruwa.

Bayan ma'anar da aka ambata a sama na babban matakin rufewa, ana amfani da sharuddan superinsulation da kayan superinsulating don manyan kayan rufin R/inch kamar vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) da aerogel.

## Ka'idar
Gidan da aka keɓe yana nufin rage buƙatun dumama sosai kuma yana iya zama mai zafi da yawa ta hanyar tushen zafi na ciki (zafin sharar da kayan aiki ke samarwa da zafin jikin masu zama) tare da ɗan ƙaramin zafi. An nuna wannan don yin aiki ko da a cikin yanayin sanyi amma yana buƙatar kulawa sosai ga cikakkun bayanai na gini ban da rufin (duba IEA Heating Solar & Cooling Agreement Agreement Aiki 13).

## Tarihi
Wayne Schick ne ya kirkiro kalmar "superinsulation" a Jami'ar Illinois Urbana-Champaign. A cikin 1976 yana cikin ƙungiyar da ta ƙera wani zane mai suna "Lo-Cal House", ta yin amfani da kwamfyutocin kwamfyuta bisa yanayin Madison, Wisconsin. An gina gidaje da yawa, duplexes da condominiums bisa ƙa'idodin Lo-Cal a Champaign – Urbana a cikin 1970s.

A cikin 1977 an gina "Gidan Saskatchewan" a Regina, Saskatchewan, ta ƙungiyar hukumomin gwamnatin Kanada. Shi ne gida na farko da ya nuna darajar superinulation a bainar jama'a kuma ya ba da hankali sosai. Tun da farko ya haɗa da wasu na'urori masu amfani da hasken rana da aka kwashe-tube, amma ba a buƙatar su kuma an cire su. An ɗumama gidan da farko ta hanyar sharar da aka samu daga na'urori da kuma mazauna. A cikin 1977 Eugene Leger ne ya gina "Leger House", a Gabashin Pepperell, Massachusetts. Yana da kamanni na al'ada fiye da "Gidan Saskatchewan", kuma ya sami talla mai yawa. Yadawa daga "Gidan Saskatchewan" da "Leger House" sun rinjayi sauran magina, kuma an gina gidaje da yawa a cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa. Waɗannan gidaje kuma sun yi tasiri ga ci gaban Wolfgang Feist na ƙa'idar Passivhaus.

## Sake gyarawa
Yana yiwuwa, kuma yana ƙara sha'awa, don sake fasalin kulawa zuwa gidaje ko gine-ginen da ake ciki. Hanya mafi sauƙi sau da yawa ita ce ƙara matakan ci gaba da tsayayyen rufin waje, da kuma wani lokaci ta hanyar gina sabon bangon waje wanda ke ba da damar ƙarin sarari don rufewa. Za a iya shigar da shingen tururi a wajen ƙirar asali amma ƙila ba za a buƙaci ba. Ingantacciyar shingen iska mai ci gaba kusan yana da daraja ƙarawa, kamar yadda tsofaffin gidaje sukan zama datti, kuma irin wannan shingen iska na iya zama mahimmanci don tanadin makamashi da dorewa. Ya kamata a yi taka-tsantsan lokacin daɗa shingen tururi saboda yana iya rage bushewar danshi na faruwa ko ma haifar da lokacin rani (a cikin yanayin yanayi tare da lokacin zafi mai ɗanɗano) da kumburin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki da sakamakon ƙura da mildew. Wannan na iya haifar da matsalolin lafiya ga mazauna kuma yana iya lalata tsarin. Yawancin magina a arewacin Kanada suna amfani da hanya mai sauƙi 1/3 zuwa 2/3, suna sanya shingen tururi bai wuce 1/3 na ƙimar R na ɓangaren bangon da aka keɓe ba. Wannan hanyar gabaɗaya tana da inganci ga bangon ciki tare da ɗan ƙaramin juriya ko rashin tururi (misali, suna amfani da insulation na fibrous) kuma suna sarrafa kwarjin iska da gurɓataccen tururi. Wannan hanya za ta tabbatar da cewa natsuwa baya faruwa a ciki ko cikin shingen tururi a lokacin sanyi. Dokar 1/3: 2/3 za ta tabbatar da cewa zafin jiki na tururi ba zai faɗi ƙasa da zafin raɓa na cikin iska ba kuma zai rage yiwuwar matsalolin yanayin sanyi.

## Manazarta