open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Aikin samar da ruwa na Ghazi Barotha

Shirin Samar da Ruwa na Ghazi Brotha wani shiri ne na dogon lokaci da aka tsara da nufin samar da isasshen ruwan sha ga tagwayen biranen Rawalpindi da Islamabad.  An fara aikin ne a cikin shekara ta 2008 kuma yana cikin ayyukan sama da shekaru 15. An tsara shi don samar da lita miliyan 200 na ruwa a kowace rana ga biranen tagwaye daga Kogin Indus . 

## Tarihi
Biranen tagwaye na Rawalpindi da Islamabad na fuskantar matsalar ruwa yayin da ruwa a madatsun ruwa na Rawal da Khanpur ke raguwa cikin sauri saboda tsawan lokaci na fari. Gine-ginen da ake ci gaba da yi da karuwar jama'a a cikin birnin Rawalpindi da kantomomi sun kara yawan bukatar ruwa. Rashin ci gaba a aikin samar da ruwan sha na Ghazibrotha ya kara dagula rikicin da ake sa ran.

## Bayani game da aikin
Aikin ya yi hasashen samar da galan miliyan 600 a kowace rana (MGD) ga garuruwan tagwayen bayan an kammala shi a matakai uku. An kiyasta kudin kashi na farko na aikin ya kai biliyan 22 crore 98 23 lakh rupees. Sai dai kuma saboda tsaikon da aka dade ana yi, kudin aikin da ake shirin yi ya kai Rupee biliyan 150. Aikin ya kunshi gina bututun ruwa mai nisan kilomita 24 daga Ghazi Brotha zuwa wurin kula da ruwa da adana ruwa a Sangjani.

A cikin Yuli 2021, Hukumar Raya Babban Jari (CDA) da Majalisar Pakistan ta Bincike a Albarkatun Ruwa (PCRWR) sun hada kai don tantance ruwan karkashin kasa, samar da tsarin tsari da sake cajin ruwan karkashin kasa. An sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fahimtar juna. Ana sa ran hadin gwiwar zai dauki tsawon shekaru uku. Gwamnati ta kuma shirya kawo MGD 100 daga Ghazi Brotha Dam. 

### Kudin
Kamar yadda za a ci gaba da aikin a matakai uku, Hukumar Ruwa da Kiwon Lafiya (WASA) ta ba da shawarar cewa Gwamnatin Punjab ta ɗauki kashi 25 cikin 100 na farashin ginin aikin Ghazi Brotha. Vasa ya kuma amince da bayar da gudummawa kashi 25 cikin 100 ga aikin. Jimlar ƙididdigar farashin matakin farko na aikin an kiyasta shi a Rs 22.98 biliyan. A matsayin wani ɓangare na Mataki na I da na II, za a samar da galan miliyan 200 na ƙarin ruwa a kowace rana (MGD) ga mutanen Twin Cities. Bayan kammala Mataki na III, samar da ruwa zai karu zuwa 250 MGD kowace rana.

### PC-1 mataki na 1
A cikin Disamba 2021, PC-1 na aikin, wanda ya haɗa da mallakar filaye na Rs 3.1 biliyan, an ba da izini. An kiyasta kashi na farko na aikin zai lakume Rs biliyan 80, wanda za a kammala shi nan da shekaru uku, kuma za a kai ga samar da ruwan sha mai tsafta MG 200 ga Islamabad da Rawalpindi, inda kowane birni zai samu kaso daya.

## Matsayi na yanzu
Duk da muhimmancinsa, aikin samar da ruwa na Ghazi Brotha ya sha wahala, tare da ci gaba da iyakance ga taƙaitaccen bayani da tattaunawa. An cire aikin daga Shirin Ci Gaban Shekara-shekara (ADP) wanda Hukumar Ruwa da Kiwon Lafiya (WASA) ta gabatar don shekarar kudi ta 2023-24. Koyaya, gwamnati ta shirya fara wannan aikin tare da saka hannun jari na rupees biliyan 150.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Sonmiani Bay

Sonmiani Bay alama ce ta arewa mafi kusa da Tekun Arabiya kuma tana gefen gabas na gabar Tekun Makran, a kan gabar Lasbela da gundumomin Hub a Balochistan, Pakistan, arewa maso yammacin Karachi.  Sunan bakin ruwa ne bayan ƙauyen Sonmiani, wanda ke arewa da Kogin Winder. Zuwa arewa maso yamma, tana iyaka da tafkin Miani Hor, wani tsari mara zurfi kuma mai wadatar yanayin muhalli.

## Yanayi da Yanayi
An kwatanta shi a bakin tekun ta hanyar laka, rairayin bakin teku masu yashi, da dazuzzuka na mangrove, bay yana samar da wuraren zama masu mahimmanci ga nau'in marine da tsuntsaye kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kare gabar teku. Yana kula da rayuwar al'ummomin kamun kifi na gida, tare da ayyukan sana'a da na kasuwanci, tare da kamawa da suka haɗa da jatan lande, kaguwa, pomfret, da mackerel.

## Kifi da Rayuwa
kifi a Sonmiani Bay ya kasance tsakiya ga rayuwar gida na dubban shekaru, tun kafin tashiwar tsoffin biranen Indus Valley kamar Harappa da Mohenjo-daro .  Koyaya, yaduwa a Winder delta ya canza damar zuwa wuraren kamun kifi na gargajiya. Yankin da ya fi girma, gami da Windar da Sonmiani, suna da bakuncin akalla shuke-shuke 15 na sarrafa kifi. Har ila yau, an san bayin zama wurin zama ga nau'ikan Dolphin da ba a saba gani ba kuma, a wasu lokuta, whales.

## Kariya da Ƙalubalen Muhalli
Miani Hor, wanda ke da alaƙa da bay, an ayyana shi azaman yanki mai mahimmanci na Ramsar na duniya saboda aikinsa a matsayin wurin kiwo da ƙaura don tsuntsaye da kuma wurin gandun daji na kifi. Duk da kimar muhallinta, bakin teku yana ƙara fuskantar barazana ta hanyar kifin kifin da ya wuce kifaye, lalatar mangrove, gurɓacewar muhalli daga matsuguni da masana'antu, da ci gaban bakin teku mara tsari.

Ko da yake ba ta da matsayi na ƙa'ida a matsayin yanki mai kariyar ruwa, ƙungiyar masu zaman kansu da Sashen gandun daji da namun daji na Balochistan sun tayar da damuwar kiyayewa.

Baya ga muhimmancin muhalli da tattalin arziki, yankunan bakin teku a Sonmiani Bay suna karbar bakuncin filin jirgin sama na Sonmiani, babban wurin kaddamar da hukumar sararin samaniya ta Pakistan SUPARCO. Har ila yau, Sojojin Sama na Pakistan suna amfani da kewayon da ke kusa don zanga-zangar wuta da horo. Ci gaba da ba da gudummawa ga damuwa game da muhalli, Gadani Ship Breaking Yard yana kusa, yana gabatar da gurɓataccen teku zuwa bay. Kwamitin Gudanar da Tattalin Arziki (Pakistan)  ya gano Sonmiani Bay a matsayin wurin da zai iya samar da iskar gas (LNG) a nan gaba. Wadannan matsin lamba sun hada da bukatar hadin gwiwar kula da yankin bakin teku.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Nehr-e-Khayyam

**Nehr-e-Khayyam** Nehr-e-Khayyam (Urdu: نہر خیام), dake cikin Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan, tashar ruwa ce wadda aka gina ta asali azaman magudanar ruwa.

## Fasali da wuri
Kusan zurfin zurfin ƙafa 10, tashar tana da tsayin kusan kilomita biyu da rabi, rabi yana buɗewa a sararin samaniya yayin da sauran rabin kuma an rufe shi, an gina shi ta hanyoyi da gine-gine. Tsayawa daga Hanyar Banki a Khayaban-e-Iqbal zuwa Khyaban-e-Saadi, tashar tana da alaƙa da teku, tana haɗuwa ta Boat Basin. Ruwan ruwa na Nehr-e-Khayyam yana da bi-directional: a lokacin ƙananan raƙuman ruwa, ruwa yana motsawa daga ƙasa zuwa teku, yayin da lokacin hawan igiyar ruwa, ya juya hanya, yana gudana daga teku zuwa ƙasa.

## Ci gaba
Duk da ainihin manufarsa ta zubar da ruwan sama a cikin teku, da kuma shirye-shiryen farko a matsayin 'yanki na nishaɗi' a cikin shekarun 1970,  Nehr-e-Khayyam, a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ya zama abin sha'awa na birane saboda dalilai na muhalli.  Tashar tana fama da gurɓataccen gurɓatacciyar ƙasa, cike da shara da datti, bambanci sosai da wurin da yake a cikin unguwar Clifton mai yawan jama'a da kuma mafi girma. An yi ƙoƙari da yawa don magance gurɓataccen da haɓaka kyawawan abubuwan da ke cikin yankin. Koyaya, waɗannan ƙoƙarin sun lalace ta ƙalubale kamar karya kwangila, alhakin da ba a bayyana ba, da bambancin kuɗi, wanda ya haifar da rikice-rikicen shari'a da ba a warware su ba suna jiran yanke hukunci a kotuna. Baya ga batutuwan gurɓataccen ruwa da lalacewar ingancin ruwa, binciken kimiyya ya nuna kasancewar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin tashar, dukansu suna gudana ta hanyar Chinna Creek zuwa cikin Tekun Larabawa.

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Dubi kuma

* Tarihin samar da ruwa da tsaftacewa
* Tsabtace Yanayi
Kogin Malir

**Kogin Malir** (Urdu) wani kogi ne na yanayi wanda ke gudana a Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan . Yana wucewa ta birnin Karachi daga arewa maso gabas, ta tsakiya, kuma yana shiga cikin Tekun Larabawa. Yana daya daga cikin koguna biyu da ke wucewa ta Karachi, ɗayan kuma shine Kogin Lyari .  Yana da manyan masu goyon baya guda biyu, Thadho da Sukhan .

A lokacin damina, kogin Malir yana fuskantar kwararar ruwa mai yawa, tare da malalar miliyoyin galan a cikin Tekun Arabiya. Dam din Malir wani jirgin ruwa ne da ke daidaita kwararar ruwa da ambaliya da kogin, tare da adana tafki a lokacin fari na yanayi.

Ana kan gina titin Malir mai tsawon kilomita 39 a gabar kogin Malir, wanda ya hada sabbin wuraren ci gaba (Garin Bahria) da ke wajen birnin zuwa wuraren da ake kira (DHA) a Karachi. Yana da cece-kuce domin zai haifar da kaura daga matsugunin talakawa, da lalata gonaki da dazuzzuka, da sanya nau'in kifi da tsuntsaye da yawa cikin hadari, da kuma kara tsananta tasirin tsibiran zafi da dumamar yanayi.

## Ra'ayi

## Dubi kuma

* Kogin Lyari
* Gujar Nala
* Birnin Malir
* Gundumar Malir
* Karachi

## Haɗin waje

* Bidiyo na kogin da ba shi da kyau

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Darutta

**Darutta** (Urdu, Punjabi) ƙauye ne a birnin Bhawana na Gundumar Chiniot a Punjab, Pakistan .  Gidaje 1,000 a ƙauyen suna da mambobi 8 a kowace gida a matsakaici.

Sakamakon sharar ruwan da ke kusa da Ramzan Mills, ingancin ruwan karkashin ƙauyen ya yi tasiri sosai. Sakamakon haka, daya daga cikin mutane biyar na Darutta na fama da cutar Hepatitis.

## Manyan kabilun

* Kharal
* Mumbarr (Rind) 

## Manyan mutane

* Noor Ahamd Khan Mumbarr (Late.dep.sectry finance Pakistan) 
* Rai Fazal Abbas Kharal
* Khan Yousaf Khan Mumbarr
* Rai Iqbal Khan Kharal
* Rai Shahid Kharal (tsohon janar mai ba da shawara) 
* Khan Yaqoob Khan Mumbarr
* Manak Khan Mumbarr (tsohon wakilin) 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Jirgin ruwan Basin

Basin Boat (Urdu: بوٹ بیسن), wanda ke cikin Clifton, Karachi, ƙaramin mashigar ruwa ne da ɗan adam ya yi a Pakistan.

## Wurin da yake
An haɗa shi da Chinna Creek a gefenta na yamma, tana da iyaka da Boat Basin Park tare da bakin ruwa na arewa da gabas, yana tafiya daidai da Kheyaban-e-Saadi. Kusa da Makarantar Grammar Karachi, tashar ruwan sha daga Nehr-e-Khayyam ta shiga, tana ba da gudummawa ga gurbatar ruwa.

*Cibiyar Jirgin ruwa ta kasa tana gefen kudu, inda akwai ragowar ciyayi, yayin da bangaren yamma ke da iyaka da layin dogo, wanda ke raba yankin Sikanderabad mai yawan jama'a da ruwa.*

## Tarihi
The Boat Basin, wanda ya kai yamma daga Chinna Creek, ya sami raguwa a hankali, wanda aka danganta da tsoma baki na ɗan adam tun daga ƙarni na 19.  An yi canje-canje don rage Bambance-bambance na ruwa, don haka yana shafar kwararar ruwa a cikin Basin. Sakamakon haka, Clifton da Keamari, da farko tsibirai da maras kyau, sun haɗu da gabas da arewacin gabar teku, bi da bi, suna samar da kwandon yanzu amma suna rushe mahimmancin ruwan teku. Wannan ya kasance wani ɓangare na farfado da ƙasar a ƙarƙashin Burtaniya a Karachi tsakanin 1916 da 1920.

## Ƙalubalen Muhalli
Basin Boat, wanda ke aiki a matsayin muhimmiyar hanyar haɗi tsakanin magudanan ruwan baƙar fata da ke makwabtaka da su kamar Nehr-e-Khayyam, wuri ne mai mahimmanci don tara ruwan da ba a kula da shi ba da datti mai guba, wanda ke haifar da lalacewa da asarar flora da namun daji. Nazarin ya ba da haske game da matakan gurɓataccen gurɓataccen ruwa a cikin rafin, tare da gano nau'ikan gurɓataccen gurɓataccen iska da ke fitowa daga gida da masana'antu na masana'antu da ke yawo ta cikin Tekun Jirgin ruwa. Waɗannan gurɓatattun abubuwa suna haifar da haɗari ga rayuwar ruwa da amincin yanayin yanayin gaba ɗaya.

## Ci gaba
Tafki na asali, wanda aka kafa a cikin 1912 don tuƙi da kwale-kwale, yana alfahari da tudu huɗu kuma ya faɗi kadada 21.

Wurin da ke kewayen basin ya samo asali ne daga kasancewa na farko don masu baƙi zuwa cikin wurin kasuwanci da nishaɗi, tare da gidajen abinci da yawa, wuraren shakatawa, da wuraren abinci a Khayaban-e-Saadi.  Shahararriyar wurin cin abinci ce ga 'yan Karachi, musamman a maraice da kuma a karshen mako, saboda yanayin da yake da shi da kuma hadayun abinci iri-iri.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Gurba tattar iska a Peshawar

Peshawar babban birnin Khyber Pakhtunkhwa a Pakistan na fuskantar matsalar gurbacewar iska. Birnin, wanda a da aka san shi da iska mai kyau da furanni masu launi, yanzu yana fama da gurbacewar yanayi. Gaggawar ƙaura da haɓakar jama'a sun haifar da haɓaka ayyukan ababen hawa da masana'antu, da tabarbarewar iska. An tsara ingancin iska na birni a matsayin mai haɗari, tare da ƙimar ingancin iska (AQI) na 4441. Wannan matakin ya ninka sau 500 mafi haɗari fiye da ƙa'idodin Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO).

## Ingancin iska
Rahoton ingancin iska na duniya na 2022 na IQAir ya bayyana cewa Peshawar, birni na biyu mafi ƙazanta a Pakistan, ya kasance matsayi na biyar a duk duniya dangane da gurɓataccen yanayi. Garin yana da matsakaicin matsakaicin PM2.5 na 101.4 μg/m3. Matakan gurbatar iska a Peshawar sun ninka sau 12 zuwa 16 sama da jagororin ingancin Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO).

## Tasirin kiwon lafiya
Matsayi mafi girma na gurɓataccen iska a Peshawar yana da tasiri sosai ga lafiyar mazaunanta. Jama'ar Peshawar suna cikin haɗarin lalacewar huhu daga hayaki, wanda zai iya haifar da tarin fuka. Mazaunan birni suna rasa shekaru 2 zuwa 3 na rayuwarsu saboda gurɓataccen iska. Wani binciken Jami'ar Chicago ya gano cewa 'yan Pakistan na iya ƙara shekaru 3.9 ga rayuwarsu ta hanyar saduwa da ka'idodin ingancin iska na WHO, yayin da' yan ƙasar Peshawar na iya ƙarawa har zuwa shekaru 5.2.

## Manyan gurɓataccen abu
Manyan tushen gurbatar yanayi a Peshawar sune sufuri, masana'antu, ingantaccen amfani da mai a cikin gida, kona sharar gida da ƙura. Birnin ba shi da ingantacciyar hanyar sa ido kan ingancin iska wanda mai kula da shi ke gudanarwa. 

## Kokarin yaki da gurɓataccen yanayi
Peshawar Clean Air Alliance (PCAA), kungiyar da ta himmatu wajen bayar da shawarwari don tsabtace iska, ta haɗu tare da Bankin Khyber, Hukumar Kare Muhalli (EPA), da Sashen Muhalli na Lardi. Haɗin gwiwar su na nufin kafa hanyar sadarwa don sa ido kan ingancin iska a Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

## Dubi kuma

* Rashin gurɓata iska a Lahore
* Rashin gurɓata iska a Karachi
* Rashin gurɓata iska a Islamabad

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Tomas Diagne

Tomas Diagne masanin ilmin halitta ne dan kasar Senegal kuma mai fafutuka, wanda aka san shi da kokarinsa na kiyaye kunkuru a Afirka. [1] Shi ne wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Chelonian ta Afirka, [2] wanda manufarsa ita ce "don inganta dogon lokaci na kiyaye kunkuru, kunkuru da yawan terrapin a fadin nahiyar Afirka". [3]

## Tarihin Rayuwa

An haifi Diagne a cikin iyalin da ke da aikin soja da na jama'a, amma kadan sha'awar namun daji; son dabbobi ya taimaka masa ya zama mai kiyayewa.  A ƙarshen 1990s, ya jagoranci ƙungiyar ƙwanƙwasawa ta kunkuru na Afirka. Wani babban aiki na farko (wanda aka ba shi lambar yabo ta Rolex ) shine kafa cibiya a Noflaye don kare kunkuru na Senegal.  A cibiyar (wanda ya kafa tare da dan uwansa Lamine  ), wanda ake kira *Village des Tortues*,  da aka kama (musamman kunkuru na Afirka ) ana kiwo; ya fara shi a lokacin da yake da shekaru 23. Diagne ya yi nufin cika abin da ya gani a matsayin wani nau'i na banza: mutane sun damu da manyan dabbobi, amma kasa da dabbobi masu rarrafe kamar kunkuru da kunkuru waɗanda, in ji shi, suna cika muhimman ayyuka na muhalli, ciki har da yada tsaba na bishiyoyi, kula da ciyawa na ciyawa, da samar da abinci ga sauran dabbobi ta hanyar yawancin ƙwai da suke fitowa daga ƙwai. 

Daya daga cikin barazanar kunkuru Diagne binciken shine kunkuru flapshell Nubian . Sa’ad da aka gaya masa gawar wannan dabba, ya yi tafiyar  a fadin Gabashin Gabashin Amurka don dawo da shi;  ya binne shi a bayan gidan matarsa kuma bayan watanni uku ya tsaftace shi don ya nuna kwarangwal a Cibiyar Chelonian na Afirka a Senegal, wanda ya kafa a 2009. Ya ce, a lokacin, yana iya zama misali na ƙarshe na nau'in. 

## Kyauta
A cikin 1998, Diagne ya sami kyautar Rolex Award saboda "aikin kiyayewa na majagaba".  A cikin 2019, National Geographic Society ta ba shi lambar yabo ta Buffet don Jagoranci a Kiyayewa a Afirka.  A wannan shekarar, ya sami lambar yabo ta Tusk don kiyayewa a Afirka, wanda Yarima William, Duke na Cambridge ya ba shi tare da US $ 26,000, wanda Diagne zai ba da Cibiyar Chelonian. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Diagne ya auri Lucy Keith-Diagne, masanin ilimin halitta wanda ke nazarin manatees ; ita da Tomas ne suka kafa asusun kiyaye ruwa na Afirka a Senegal, wanda Lucy ke jagoranta. 

## Manazarta
Jerin gundumomin Pakistan ta hanyar samun tsaftataccen ruwan sha

Samun tsaftataccen ruwan sha a Pakistan ya kasance babban kalubale, inda kashi 36 cikin 100 na ruwan kasar da ake ganin ba shi da lafiya. Duk da samun da kashi 92% na samar da ruwa, sama da kashi 70% na gidaje suna amfani da gurɓataccen ruwa na ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ke haifar da yaduwar cututtuka na ruwa. A yankunan da ambaliyar ruwa ta shafa, sama da mutane miliyan 10 har yanzu suna dogaro da tushe marasa aminci kamar tafkuna da rijiyoyi. Al’amarin ya taimaka wajen mutuwar yara sama da 53,000 ‘yan kasa da shekaru biyar a kowace shekara sakamakon kamuwa da cutar gudawa. Yankunan birane ba su da kariya, saboda kashi 61% na hanyoyin ruwa a manyan biranen kamar Karachi da Multan ba su da tsaftar sha.

## Jerin

## Dubi kuma

* Rarrabawar Pakistan
* Tehsils na Pakistan
** Tehsils na Punjab, Pakistan
** Tehsils na Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
** Tehsils na Balochistan, Pakistan
** Tehsils na Sindh, Pakistan
** Tehsils na Azad Kashmir
** Tehsils na Gilgit-Baltistan
* Gundumomi na Pakistan
** Gundumomin Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
** Gundumomin Punjab, Pakistan
** Gundumomin Balochistan, Pakistan
** Gundumomin Sindh, Pakistan
** Gundumomin Azad Kashmir
** Gundumomin Gilgit-Baltistan
* Jerin birane a Pakistan ta yawan jama'a

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Gurɓata iska a Lahore

Rashin gurɓata iska a Lahore Punjab, Pakistan lamari ne mai maimaitawa.

## Dalilan da suka haifar
Dalilan na iya haɗawa da ƙone aikin gona, hayakin mota, da hayakin masana'antu. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2024, an dakatar da wasu na'urorin hayaki na ɗan lokaci, gami da barbeques da ba a tace su ba a gidajen cin abinci da motoci. Pakistan ta zargi Indiya da gurɓata iska, duk da haka 'yan ƙasar Pakistan ba su yarda ba.

## Yaduwar cutar

### Nuwamba 2017
A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2017 an soke zirga-zirgar jiragen sama saboda gurɓataccen iska.

### Janairu 2019
A watan Janairun 2019 guguwar hayaki ta haifar da matakan rage gurɓacewar iska da ke ci gaba.

### Afrilu 2020
A cikin Afrilu 2020 an sami barkewar gurɓataccen iska bayan ƙarshen kullewar COVID-19 a Pakistan.

### Nuwamba 2021
Barkewar hayakin hayaki a watan Nuwamba 2021 ya sanyawa 'yan kasar wahalar numfashi da mura, mura na zama ruwan dare. Duk da yake bisa ƙididdiga na baya-bayan nan, Lahore yana cikin manyan masu fafutuka ta fuskar gurɓacewar iska. An rubuta mafi girman AQI 680 a yankin Kot Lakhpat na Lahore . 

An kafa runduna ta musamman guda 5 don yakar smog, Metropolitan Corporation Lahore, Hukumar Kula da Tsaftar Ruwa da Tsabtace (Wasa), 'yan sanda, gundumar gundumar da Kamfanin Supply Lahore (Lesco)   Lahore ya yi tsalle sama da wurare 10 don zama birni mafi muni a duniya a cikin 2021, a cewar wani bincike na shekara-shekara na duniya da wani mai kera iska a Switzerland. ya yi. 

### Nuwamba 2023
A cikin Nuwamba 2023, smog a Lahore ya yi shawagi a kusa da 400 AQI. Hayakin ya raunata dubun dubatar mutane. Gwamnatin lardin Punjab ta ba da umarnin rufe makarantu, ofisoshi, manyan kantuna, da wuraren shakatawa a garuruwa uku da suka hada da Lahore. Kayayyakin magani, shagunan abinci da gidajen mai sun kasance a bude. Hukumomi sun shawarci mazauna yankin da su sanya abin rufe fuska idan dole ne su fita waje.

### Nuwamba 2024
A cikin Nuwamba 2024, da safiyar Asabar, smog a Lahore ya yi sama da 1067 AQI daidai, gabaɗaya a cikin Lahore tare da 1902 AQI index a wasu sassan Mall Road da Samanabad. Hayakin ya raunata dubun dubatar mutane, amma ba a sanar da adadin wadanda suka mutu a hukumance ba. Gwamnatin lardin Punjab ta ba da umarnin rufe makarantu, ofisoshi, kantuna, da wuraren shakatawa na birane uku, gami da Lahore, ko kuma su kasance suna aiki a karkashin tsarin SOP. Wuraren magani, shagunan abinci, da gidajen mai sun kasance a buɗe. Hukumomi sun shawarci mazauna yankin da su sanya abin rufe fuska idan dole ne su fita waje.

## Dubi kuma

* Rashin gurɓata iska a Peshawar
* Rashin gurɓata iska a Karachi
* Rashin gurɓata iska a Islamabad

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Gurɓata iska a Islamabad

Islamabad, babban birnin Pakistan, yana fama da matsalolin gurbatar iska. Ingancin iska a cikin birni yana jujjuyawa tare da lokutan ƙazamin ƙazanta da ke biye da lokutan iska mai tsafta.

## Haɓakawar gurɓataccen iska
Ana danganta karuwar gurbacewar iska a Islamabad da dalilai daban-daban, da suka hada da bushewar yanayi, karuwar hayaki da ababen hawa da ayyukan mutane. Farawar lokacin hunturu sau da yawa yana haifar da samuwar ƙura a cikin yanayi, wanda ke ƙara yawan gurɓataccen yanayi. Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Pakistan (Pak-EPA) ta lura cewa yawan gurɓataccen iska da aka yi rikodin a wasu lokuta ya fi ƙayyadaddun izini. Mummunan gurɓataccen gurɓataccen iska na 2.5 microns (PM2.5), gurɓataccen muhalli mai kisa, an yi rikodin su a matakan sama da Matsayin Inganta Muhalli na Ƙasa (NEQS) na microgram 35 a kowace mita cubic.

## Tasirin kiwon lafiya
Sakamakon karuwar gurbatar iska, cututtukan numfashi sun karu a tsakanin mazauna Islamabad. Busasshen iska da sanyi, manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtuka na numfashi a lokacin sanyi, suna haifar da rushewar labulen numfashi], wanda ke haifar da kamuwa da cuta da lalacewa ga abubuwan da aka saba da su a cikin sassan numfashi. An ba da rahoton karuwar matsalolin matsalolin numfashi da mutanen da ke fuskantar wahalar numfashi. 

## Ingancin iska

### Ragewa
Ingancin iska a Islamabad ya ga raguwa na lokaci-lokaci, tare da matakan gurɓata yanayi sun kai matakan rashin lafiya. Gurbatacciyar iska mai lahani PM2.5, wacce ke fitowa daga konewar injin, hayakin masana'antu, kona datti ko kayan konewa, da ƙurar da motocin da ke gudu a kan facin titinan da ba su da ƙarfi, matsayi mai girma. An rubuta matakin. Idan aka kwatanta da ka'idojin ingancin muhalli na ƙasa (NEQS).

### Ingantawa
Duk da kalubalen, akwai lokutan da ingancin iska a Islamabad ya inganta kuma ana ganin lafiya. Wannan ci gaban ya samo asali ne saboda damina mai tsawo, wanda ke taimakawa wajen iyakance yawan gurɓataccen yanayi da kuma rage hayaƙin abin hawa yayin kulle-kullen. Koyaya, yayin da ayyukan al'ada suka ci gaba, ingancin iska yana sake lalacewa.

### Yanayin yanzu
Ya zuwa watan Yunin 2022, an ba da rahoton ingancin iska a Islamabad ba shi da lafiya saboda yanayin bushewar yanayi da ake ci gaba da yi da kuma yawan zirga-zirgar ababen hawa a kan tituna. An rubuta rabon gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu sama da ƙayyadaddun da aka halatta, yana nuna buƙatar ci gaba da ƙoƙari don inganta ingancin iska.

## Dubi kuma

* Rashin gurɓata iska a Peshawar
* Rashin gurɓata iska a Karachi
* Rashin gurɓata iska a Lahore

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Barnabas (EP)

Barnaba shine EP na farko na mawakin Najeriya Kizz Daniel . An sake shi a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 2021, ta Flyboy INC da Rarraba Empire . EP ya nuna baƙon baƙo daga The Cavemen da Kelvyn Colt . Philkeyz, Reward Beatz, Roc Legion, DJ Coublon, Blaisebeatz ne suka gudanar da samarwa. Barnaba yana hidimar mai bin Sarkin Soyayya (2020).

## Fage
Ba a sanar da sakin *Barnaba* ba. EP ya zo ya zama, a cikin kalmominsa, "Na ɗauko waƙoƙi bakwai na bazuwar daga kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, na haɗa su tare na sanya wa *Barnabas* lakabi." Hanyarsa ta nuna faffadar falsafarsa ta yin kiɗa lokacin da aka yi wahayi, ba tare da jin buƙatar bin yanayin masana'antu ko matsin lamba ba. An karɓe *Barnaba* da kyau da kuma kasuwanci. Dukkan waƙoƙi bakwai da aka yi a kan  Top 50, tare da " Lie " ciyar da makonni bakwai a jere a lamba daya da kuma " Pour Me Water " kuma sun kai ga taron bayan samun shaharar kwayar cutar. Nasarar da EP ta samu ya taimaka wajen kafa Kizz Daniel a matsayin babban mai fasaha a Najeriya a cikin kwata na farko na 2022. Da yake magana game da tsarin kirkirarsa, ya ce, "Babu wani matsin lamba saboda ba na ƙoƙarin burge kowa." Maimakon dogara ga tallace-tallace mai nauyi ko kuma kasancewa a cikin kafofin watsa labarun, ya fi son barin ingancin kiɗansa ya yi magana da kansa, dabarun da ke aiki akai-akai a tsawon aikinsa. 

## Marasa aure
Kundin daya tilo na " Lie " an fito dashi a ranar 6 ga Agusta 2021. Philkeyz da Blaisebeatz ne suka shirya waƙar. 

## Mahimman liyafar
Motolani Alake na Pulse Nigeria ya bayyana *Barnaba* a matsayin wani aiki mai nuni da gwaji, inda Kizz Daniel ya kera kide-kide daga bangarori daban-daban na rayuwarsa, amma ya lura cewa ba shi da zurfin fahimta a cikin tunaninsa, inda ya kira shi " zaman diary" wanda ya sami haɗin kai. Ya ƙididdige EP 6.8/10, yana kwatanta shi a matsayin "Nasara."  Fatiat Saliu, ta rubuta wa Afrocritik ta yaba wa *Barnaba* a matsayin aikin haɗin kai da nuna tunani, yana nuna haɓakar Kizz Daniel a cikin sauti, labarun labarai, da isar da saƙo, yana mai cewa "ya sake tabbatar da matsayinsa na ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun masu fasaha a kasar." Ta kimanta EP 8.2/10.  Dennis Ade Peter na 'yan asalin ƙasar ya nuna daidaiton Kizz Daniel akan Barnaba, yana yaba da ikonsa na kasancewa a cikin iyakokin kiɗan da aka saba yayin da yake ba da sakamako mai kyau, lura da cewa "Kizz Daniel ya san tsagi da ya fi so, kuma ya kasance amintacce kamar koyaushe." 

## Waƙa da jeri
 

## Manazarta
Yin amfani da itace a New Zealand

Itace a New Zealand na ɗaya daga cikin sassan masana'antar gandun daji kuma ya jawo cece-kuce a cikin 1990s lokacin da aka yi amfani da bishiyoyin asali a matsayin tushen guntuwar.

## Fitar da itace
Ma'aikatar noma da gandun daji ta tattara alkaluma kan adadin guntun itacen da ake fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje.

: Ɗaya daga cikin BDU (ƙashin bushe) na kwakwalwan katako a cikin katako daidai yake da mita 2.25 kuma yana da nauyin kilo 1090.

## Rikici
Tun lokacin da Māori ya zauna a New Zealand sannan kuma na Turai ya ga asarar kashi 75% na gandun daji na asali. Tare da zama a Turai a cikin karni na 19, an share manyan wurare don noman makiyaya da kuma yin katako. Masana'antar guntu itacen da ake fitarwa zuwa ketare ita ce babban dalilin da ya sa gandun daji a fili masu zaman kansu bayan 1970. A cikin shekarun 1980, kashi 95% na asarar gandun daji ya faru ne sakamakon sarewar itace. An sake dasa gandun daji na asali tare da nau'ikan girma da sauri kamar Pinus radiata. 

Bayan zanga-zangar da masu rajin kare muhalli suka yi, gwamnati ta dakatar da fitar da guntun itace daga dazuzzuka na asali a shekarar 1996. 

## Dubi kuma

* Gidajen daji a New Zealand

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje

* Kididdigar Kididdiga ta Kwararrun  Aikin Gona da KudancinMa'aikatar Noma da Kayan daji
* Fa'idodin Mulching na gandun daji
Gidan dutse

Bed of Stone album ne na uku na studio na mawakin Faransa-Nigeria Aṣa . An sake shi a ranar 25 ga Agusta 2014 ta hanyar Naive Records. An yi rikodin shi a yankin Gabas-Sussex a cikin Burtaniya, kundin ya kasance tare da rubuta shi kuma ya samar da Blair MacKichan, wani mai samar da Burtaniya wanda ya riga ya yi aiki tare da Sia da Lily Allen . Bed of Stone shine, bisa ga kamfanin lakabin kundin da ke tafiya "dama zuwa zuciya". Yana da sautin jama'a mai kama da albam dinta na baya Kyawawan ajizanci da Aṣa .

Jagorar sa guda, "Matattu Again" an sake shi a watan Mayu, 2014, yayin da faifan bidiyo ya watsa a rana guda. Waƙar ita ce hanyar buɗe rikodin rikodin, ballad ce ta piano wacce ke hulɗa da ƙauna mai ɗaci. Masu suka sun yaba wa kundin lokacin da aka saki.

## Mahimman liyafar
*Bed of Stone* ya sami yabo sosai bayan an sake shi. *Mujallar Pop* ta tantance kundin 4 cikin 5 tauraro, kuma ta kira shi "cikakkiyar kwarewa ta kida," da kuma mafi "na sirri" kundi fiye da fitowar Aṣa da ta gabata. Haka kuma sun yaba da salon wakokin wakokin, inda suka kira shi da “mai dadi” da kuma “kyau”.  Festus Okubor Goziem na *360Submissions* kuma ya yaba *Bed of Stone*, kuma ya ɗauka shi "ƙwararrun kundi, sarrafawa, [da] ƙididdiga." Sun kara yabawa Aṣa saboda yadda ta gabatar da muryarta, kuma sun kwatanta ta da Florence and the Machine, Alabama Shakes and The Civil Wars .  *Bellanaija* ya yaba wa kundin, inda ya bayyana cewa kundin yana "daya daga cikin mafi kyawun albam da za ku ji a wannan shekara"; sun kara yaba masa da kiransa da "Kida mai cin Grammy".  Udochukwu Ikwuagwu na *The Breaking Times* ya ba *gadon dutse* wani bita mai kyau. Ya kima albam din kashi 8 cikin 10, kuma ya kira shi "kusa-da-kusa"; Bayar da muryar Aṣa da rubuce-rubucen waƙa, da kuma tsara albam, sun sami yabo musamman.  Oscar Okeke na *Lo Batan* ya ba da tabbataccen, kodayake mafi mahimmanci, bitar kundin. Wanda aka yiwa albam din a matsayin B akan sikelin A zuwa F, Okeke ya yaba da yadda albam din ya fito da kuma abubuwan da ke cikin waka, amma ya fi sukar yadda Aṣa ke bayarwa; "Ƙarar ƙararrakin murya da haɓakar kayan aiki shine abin da kundin ke buƙata. Ana kiransa frisson na kiɗa, kuma Asa zai iya ba mu fiye da shi," in ji Okeke a cikin nazarinsa. 

## Waƙa da jeri
  

## Ayyukan Chart

## Manazarta
Big Girl (album na Seyi Shay)

Big Girl shine kundin studio na biyu na mawakin R&B na Najeriya Seyi Shay . An sake shi a ranar 10 ga Disamba 2021, ta Stargurl Limited. An samar da shi ta hanyar Bruno Spiritual-Vibes, Kel-P, Dr. Amir, da GuiltyBeatz . Kundin ya kasance mai gudanarwa ta Stargurl Limited (wanda ya kafa. Seyi Shay), da Jones Worldwide (masu kafawa. Shay Jones, & Wiz Jones), tare da mai gabatar da kara Kel-P . [1]

An sadaukar da kundin ga Edith Olabisi Joshua da Sound Sultan,  kuma yana nuna BackRoad Gee, Calema, Shay Jones, Simi, Wande Coal, da Yemi Alade .  Motolani Alakehe ya bayyana abubuwan aikin kamar yadda Afro-swing, R&amp;amp;B, Afro-pop, da kuma Caribbean pop . 

## Fage
A cikin Janairu 2021, ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar bugawa tare da Ƙungiyar Buga Waƙoƙin Duniya  a Faransa, tare da yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Universal Music France,  da Aristokrat Publishing, wani yanki na Aristokrat Records, da kuma wani reshe na The Aristokrat Group . Ba da daɗewa ba bayan bugu na shida na Nigerian Idol, ta fara aiki a kan Big Girl, tare da Jones Worldwide . A ranar 9 ga Yuni, 2021, Seyi Shay da Yemi Alade sun yi wani sigar "Pempe" kai tsaye akan Clout Studio. 

## Marasa aure
A ranar 7 ga Mayu 2021, ta fitar da jagorar guda ɗaya na kundin, "Pempe", tare da Yemi Alade,  tare da faifan bidiyo na kiɗa, wanda aka saki a ranar 10 ga Mayu 2021, kuma Clarence Peters ya jagoranta. Rikodin ya kai saman 35 akan ginshiƙi na Top 50 na TurnTable .

## Mahimman liyafar
Babbar Yarinya ta sami kyakkyawan sake dubawa gabaɗaya daga masu sukar kiɗan . A cikin wani bita na ModernGhana, Agwuma Kingsley ya rubuta "Babban Yarinya Seyi Shay yana da sababbin abubuwa, kasancewa mai iyawa da kuma ceri-zabar daidaitattun saiti na masu kirkiro don biye da halin da take ciki a halin yanzu. Yarjejeniyar Babbar Yarinya ba ta da tabbas kamar yadda kundin kundin album, haɗin kai, samar da rikodin rikodi na musamman, da kuma waƙa".  Yin bita ga Pulse Nigeria, dan jarida mai jarida Motolani Alake ya bayyana kundin da take da shi a matsayin "lakabin bayanin kansa kamar yadda siffofinta suka daukaka kiɗanta. Yana da kyau ganin ta hada kai da takwarorinta mata. Mafi kyawun kundi na 'Glowanna' na iya zama guda ɗaya, amma yana buƙatar haɓaka mai ƙarfi 'Babban Yarinya' ba shine mafi girman waƙa ba, amma yana da ƙarfin TikTok. 

## Waƙa da jeri
 

## Manazarta
Billion Dollar Baby (album)

Billion Dollar Baby shine kundin studio na farko na mawakin Najeriya Seyi Vibez . An sake shi a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba 2022, ta hanyar Vibez Inc, da Dvpper Music. Kundin ya hada da bako daga Simi, da Mayorkun . Kundin ya kasance cakuda Fuji, Tungba, da Apala rhythms. Wanda ya kafa Dvpper Music da Shugaba Dapper, da Seyi Vibez ne suka samar da shi, tare da samarwa daga TBM, Enta, QUE, FreshVDM, da Rexxie . [1] An fitar da sigar kundin kundin a ranar 9 ga Disamba 2022.

## Fage
A ranar 5 ga Mayu, 2023, The African Reporters sun ambaci Seyi Vibez a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin majagaba na "Afro-Adura", wani yanki na Afrobeats tare da tasirin titi yana hade da addu'o'in Yarabawa, tare da *Billion Dollar Baby* ya kafa wannan gaskiyar. 

## Mahimman liyafar
Adeayo Adebiyi, wakilin waka na Pulse Nigeria ya bayyana cewa "Gaba ɗaya, 'Billion Dollar Baby' yana riƙe da isassun shaidar da ke ɗauke da masu sauraron da ke akwai yayin da ake ba da jin daɗin da ake buƙata don kawo sabbin masu sauraro a cikin rukunin. 

### Matsayi

## Ayyukan kasuwanci
A ranar 13 ga Nuwamba 2022, TurnTable ya ba da rahoton " *Babbar dala biliyan* a baya an yi muhawara tare da raka'a kundi 3,150 a makon da ya gabata (daga kwana biyu na sa ido)". Ya ci gaba da cewa, "A yanzu album ɗin ya sami cikakken satin sa na farko na sa ido a cikin makon Nuwamba 4 - 10, 2022". Baya ga wannan, "wani shirin mayar da hankali kan album din "Chance (Na Ham)" yana nufin samun matsayi na goma a cikin manyan 10 na wannan makon. Zai kasance shiga na biyu na manyan goma na mawaki a Najeriya - shiga "Dala biliyan" wanda ya kai matsayi na 10 a farkon 2022.  A ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, 2022, *Billon Dollar Baby* kololuwa a lamba 2 akan Finan Albums 50 na Najeriya.  A ranar 12 ga Disamba, 2022, *Jariri Biliyan 2.0* ya hau lamba 1 akan Albums Top 50 na Najeriya.  A ranar 25 ga Yuli 2023, *Bilyan Dala Baby 2.0* an yi rikodin shi azaman kundi na 2 mafi yaɗawa a Najeriya ta TurnTable, a farkon rabin 2023 tare da rafukan miliyan 131.1. 

## Waƙa da jeri
 

## Manazarta
Ka yi imani (Sugarboy album)

Believe shine kundin studio na farko na mawakin Najeriya kuma marubucin waka Sugarboy. An sake shi a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2017, ta hanyar G-Worldwide Entertainment. Musamman wanda Emperor Geezy ya samar tare da ƙarin abubuwan samarwa daga Young John, DJ Coublon, BeatBurx, Tony Ross, Da Genius, Luis AMG, Papi J, Celony, da Bangaz. Kundin yana nuna alamar abokin aure Kiss Daniel, [1] mai guda ɗaya " Hola Hola ".

## Fage
Sugarboy ya shaida wa Nishaɗi na Najeriya A Yau, a ranar 2 ga Maris, 2017, dalilin da ya sa Kiss Daniel ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin mawallafin da aka nuna a cikin kundin sa na farko "Ba tare da nuna wani mai fasaha ba a kan kundi na ban da Kiss Daniel wanda na yi aiki tare da shi akan waƙoƙi biyu yana cikin dabarun lakabin".  A ranar 5 ga Maris 2017, ya gaya wa jaridar The Punch cewa "Akwai waƙoƙi 22 a cikin kundin amma sai na yi rikodin waƙoƙi kusan 40, kafin in zaɓi". 

## Singles da gabatarwa
A cikin 2016, Sugarboy ya fitar da jagorar guda " Hola Hola " akan 16 Janairu 2016, yayin da yake aiki akan kundi na studio. A ranar 28 ga Fabrairu 2017, ya ba da sanarwar ranar fitar da kundin sa, wanda za a fitar a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2016 ta hanyar G-Worldwide Entertainment.  " Hola Hola " na halarta na farko a lamba 7 akan Nigeria Playdata charts, da MTV Base Hottest Naija Tracks na 2017.  Kundin waƙar "Biyu", an sake shi a ranar 15 ga Yuni 2016 kuma BeatBurx ya samar.  Mattmax ne ya jagoranci bidiyon kiɗan . 

An saki waƙar ta uku, "Halatta", a ranar 17 ga Oktoba, 2016, wanda .  Bidiyo, Adasa Cookey ne ya jagoranta.  Waƙar ta huɗu, "Dada Omo", DJ Coublon ne ya shirya kuma ya fito a ranar 3 ga Janairu 2017.  Bidiyon kiɗan, Aje Filmworks ne ya yi fim kuma ya ba da umarni.  A ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2017, Sugarboy ya gudanar da wani wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa a Grand Ballroom na Oriental Hotel, a Legas,  don inganta *bangaskiya*, tare da sauraron sauraron kundi wanda Jimmie Akinsola ya shirya, tare da kiɗa daga DJ Shabsy, da DJ Kaywise . The Believe album lunch concert, line-up includes labelmate Kiss Daniel, and support by Simi, Reekado Banks, Sean Tizzle, Emma Nyra, Lil Kesh, Runtown, Iyanya, Kcee, Praiz , Ice Prince , Chidinma, Yung6ix, CD . 

## Mahimman liyafar
**Yi imani** an karɓi bita daga masu sukar kiɗa. Wani marubuci mai suna Pulse Nigeria, Jonathan ya ce "Ba za ku iya yarda da Sugarboy ba" kuma ya kwatanta wakokin da ke cikin kundin a matsayin "mai fafutuka da aka yi la'akari da sautin muryarsa".  Kuma ya ce, "albam ɗin ya zo da wuri don Sugarboy". Da yake bita don Kiɗa a Afirka, ɗan jaridar kiɗa Oris Aigbokhaevbolo ya ce "Akwai 'yan tsiraru kaɗan ne kawai akan Imani; Babban aibinsa shine ɓacin rai na monotony a tsakiya da tsayin album ɗin. Amma akwai adadin waƙoƙin da suka cancanci kamar "Halatta", "Holla Holla", da "Kilamity" suna aiki har yanzu. Ya rufe bitar, yana mai cewa "Idan taken yana neman imani da kundin, to yana da yawa don tambaya". Kuma ya ce, "Abin da Sugarboy's Believe ke buƙata shine babban haɓakawa daga lakabin rikodin da haƙuri daga masu sauraron sa". 

## Waƙa da jeri
 

## Manazarta
Rashin gurɓata iska a Karachi

Karachi shine birni mafi girma a Pakistan kuma birni na 12 mafi girma a duniya yana fuskantar matsalar gurɓacewar iska. Iskar iska ta Karachi tana kara tabarbarewa tsawon shekaru, tare da yawan gurbatar yanayi ya wuce iyakokin da  Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta gindaya.

Wani bincike na shekarar 2025 da Climate TRACE ya yi na yankunan birane tare da mafi yawan mutanen da aka fallasa ga matakan gurɓataccen iska sun bayyana Karachi a matsayin mafi girma.

## Ƙididdigar ingancin iska
Sakamakon ingancin iska na Karachi (AQI) ya tashi zuwa matakin rashin lafiya na 193, yana mai da shi birni na huɗu mafi gurɓata a duniya. AQI na birnin sau da yawa yana cikin mafi girma a duniya, yana nuna matakan gurɓata iska.

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gurɓacewar iska a Karachi. An yi rikodin yawan PM2.5 a cikin birni da sau 11.8 sama da ƙimar jagororin ingancin iska na shekara-shekara na WHO.  Matsakaicin sa'o'i 24 na PM2.5 a cikin Korangi ya kasance 101 ± 45.6 μg/m3 da 76.5 ± 38.4 μg/m3 a Cibiyar Tibet. Waɗannan matakan sun fi girma sosai a lokacin hunturu, suna ba da shawarar ƙara yawan ayyukan konewa da rage watsawar iska.

## Manyan tushen gurɓataccen yanayi
Manyan hanyoyin gurbacewar iska a Karachi sun hada da zirga-zirga da hayakin masana'antu, kona sharar gida, janareta, hayakin firiji, hura kura da murhun da ake amfani da su a gidaje da otal-otal. Kashi 70% na gurɓataccen iska a Karachi ana fitar da shi ta motoci.

Injin bugu biyu da ke kan raksha da babura na daya daga cikin manyan gurbacewar iska a Karachi da sauran Pakistan. Injin bugun bugun jini, da kuma motocin da ba su da lahani ko rashin kulawa, manyan gurɓata ne ta hanyar fitar da hayaƙin carbon dioxide. Injin bugun bugun jini da kuma motocin da ba su da inganci da ke amfani da man shafawa mara inganci sune manyan fidda sulfur dioxide da hayaki. Motocin da ke aiki akan gurɓataccen iskar gas da kuma iskar gas mai ruwa da tsaki sune manyan gurɓatattun iska. 

## Tasirin muhalli
Gurbacewar iska ta yi wa muhallin Karachi mummunar illa. Duk nau'ikan dazuzzukan da ke bakin gabar tekun Sindh, ciki har da mangroves, wadanda ake amfani da su wajen taimakawa shakar carbon dioxide da iska mai tsafta a Karachi, sun ragu zuwa matakan ban tsoro. A cikin shekaru 50 da suka gabata, Karachi ya yi asarar kadada 10,000 na gandun daji na mangrove saboda mamayewa, kasuwanci da inganta ababen more rayuwa.

## Amsar gwamnati
Duk da halin da ake ciki, da'awar tarayya da Gwamnatin Sindhs na saka hannun jari sosai a cikin birni don inganta muhalli da lafiyar jama'a ba komai bane face ƙarya da rashin gaskiya. Dangane da lalacewar ingancin iska, Babban Ministan Shari'a na Sindh (Rtd) Maqbool Baqar ya yi kira ga jama'a da su tabbatar da amfani da abin rufe fuska.

## Dubi kuma

* Rashin gurɓata iska a Lahore
* Rashin gurɓata iska a Peshawar
* Rashin gurɓata iska a Islamabad

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Rana da Rana (Femi Kuti album)

Kwana-kwana albam ne na mawakin Najeriya Femi Kuti wanda ya fito a tsakiyar Oktoba 2008.

## Waƙa da jeri
Duk waƙoƙin Femi Kuti

# "Oyimbo" - 3:53
# "Eh" - 4:17
# "Kwana rana" - 3:01
# "Demo Crazy" - 7:34
# “Ka San” – 4:52
# "Kafi Tambayi Kanka" - 6:00
# "Ɗaya Biyu" - 2:15
# “Ka Faɗa mini” – 4:37
# “Zasu Gudu” – 5:25
# "Tension Grip Africa" - 5:07
# "Dem Funny" - 4:19
# “Bari Mu Yi Tarihi” – 2:28

## Ma'aikata

* Ademola Adegbola – Guitar
* Bose Ajila – Fassarar Murya
* Celine Bary - Fassarar Vocals
* Philippe Bordas - Hotuna
* Thomas Bubar – Mataimaki
* Vaughan Davies – Hoton Ladabi
* Jacques Djeyim – Guitar
* Seb Dupuis - Edita
* Debo Folorunsho - Kiɗa, Ganguna
* Kunle Ogon Fuyi – Photo Courtesy
* Patrick Goraguer - Percussion, Allon madannai, Fender Rhodes
* Guillaume Jaoul – Mataimaki
* Xavier Bernard Jaoul – Mataimaki
* Keziah Jones - Guitar
* Femi Kuti - Organ, ƙaho, Alto, Baritone, Soprano & Tenor Saxophones, Vocals
* An yi Anikulapo Kuti – Alto Saxophone, Vocals
* Yeni Anikulapo Kuti – Background Vocals
* Gbenga Laleye - Turi
* Doris Lanzman – Fassarar Vocals
* Morgan Marchand - Shirye-shiryen, Injiniya, Ƙarin Ƙira
* Sébastien Martel – Guitar
* Bernard Matussiere - Hoto
* Vladmir Nesckovic - Shirye-shiryen, Injiniya, Ƙarin Ƙira
* Guy N'Sangue - Bass
* Tiwalade Ogunlowo – Trombone
* Kunle Olayode - Kaɗa, Ganguna
* Francis Onah - Tenor Saxophone
* Ƙarfin Ƙarfi - Mai yin aiki
* Julia Saar - Fassarar Vocals
* Camille Sarr – Fassarar Vocals
* Gérald Sebastien – Mataimaki
* Sodi - Shirye-shiryen, Mai samarwa, Injiniya, Hadawa
* Onome Udi - Waƙoƙin Fage
Double Dare (Darey album)

Double Dare (Heartbeat) shine kundin studio na uku na R&B na Najeriya da ɗan wasan Afro-soul Darey . An sake shi a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu 2011 ta Soul Muzik . Kundin shine kundi na biyu, tare da diski na farko, Zuciya tana mai da hankali kan waƙoƙin waƙoƙin tsakiyar lokaci mai ƙarfi da aka haɗa tare da R&B, da diski na biyu, Beat jingina zuwa waƙoƙin rawa na ɗan lokaci da kiɗan pop . [1] Zuciya ba ta da siffofi, yayin da Beat ke nuna baƙon baƙo daga Timaya, Mo'Cheddah, Chamillionaire, 9ice, P-Square, Jesse Jagz da Password tare da aikin samarwa da manyan masu sana'a ke kula da su kamar Del B, eLDee, Wayne McNeish, Don Jazzy, Kalmar wucewa da Cobhams Asuquo . [2]

## Marasa aure
Kundin jagorar guda, "Stroke Me", an sake shi a ranar 7 ga Disamba 2009 kuma Don Jazzy ne ya samar kuma Del B da Password suka shirya.  "Kada Ka Bar Ni Sanni" da "Hanya Kake", an sake su lokaci guda akan 21 Oktoba 2010 a matsayin wa]anda ba a cire kundi ba, kuma Darey da Cobhams Asuquo ne suka shirya su.  "Sisi Eko" da "Ba Ni Kidi", an kuma sake su lokaci guda a ranar 9 ga Disamba 2010 a matsayin wa]anda ba su da aure a cikin kundi kuma Cobhams Asuquo da Darey suka shirya.  Na bakwai shi ne remix "Hanyar da kuke" kuma yana nuna mawakin Amurka Chamillionaire . An fitar da remix a ranar 19 ga Yuni 2011 a cikin United Kingdom kuma Cobhams Asuquo, Del B, da Darey suka shirya. 

## Mahimman liyafar
Marubuci na *360nobs* da aka sani da "Jazz" ya bayyana *Double Dare* a matsayin nuni na iyawar Darey da gwaninta, daidaita ballads masu rai akan Zuciya tare da waƙoƙin rawa akan Beat. Binciken ya ba da haske game da iyawar muryarsa da rubutun waƙarsa, yana yabon waƙoƙin da suka fi dacewa kamar "Pillow," "Ba Ni Kidi," da "Close," kuma ya lura cewa kundin yana kula da masu sauraro daban-daban. Rage aikin 7.8/10, Jazz ya kammala, "Ba tare da shakka Darey shine 'Sarkin R&B na Najeriya ba,'" kuma ya ba da shawarar mallakar kundin duka biyun don jin daɗin fasaharsa. 

Ayomide Tayo a cikin sharhinsa na *Nishaɗi na Najeriya a Yau* ya yaba wa *Double Dare* saboda ƙirƙira da haɓakawa, yana mai kiran sa kwarin gwiwa da “tabbatar da cewa shi ne Sarkin R&B na gaskiya”. Ya ba da haske game da nau'in kundi guda biyu, yana kwatanta *Zuciya* a matsayin "tarin wakoki masu ban mamaki da ke motsawa cikin sauri" da kuma *Beat* kamar yadda yake ba da "dope pop da waƙoƙin rawa" tare da Darey yana daidaitawa ba tare da matsala ba ga salo da haɗin gwiwa daban-daban.  Taynement na *Jaguda* ya ji *Double Dare* ya nuna kishi tare da ra'ayin sa na kashi biyu amma a ƙarshe ba shi da haɗin kai da kuma bayyanannen asali na kiɗa, musamman akan diski *na Beat* . Yayin da faifan *Zuciya* ya ba da ɗan ƙaramin juzu'in sauraren sauraro, ta ƙarasa da cewa, “Kamar 'kaɗe-kaɗe ne' inda a halin yanzu kuna jin daɗin sa amma kuna gajiya da shi da sauri,” kuma ta ba wa kundin 6/10. 

### Yabo

## Manazarta
Nick Carter (mai kula da muhalli)

Nick Carter (ya rasu a shekara ta 2000) masanin muhalli ne dan kasar Zambia .

An ba shi lambar yabo ta muhalli ta Goldman a shekarar 1997, saboda kokarin da ya yi na tattara bayanan kifin ’yan fashin teku da laifuffukan namun daji a duniya, da kuma gudummawar da ya bayar wajen shirya ayyukan da suka kai ga *yarjejeniyar Lusaka* tsakanin kasashen Afirka shida a watan Satumban 1994, da nufin aiwatar da ka’idoji irin su Yarjejeniyar Ciniki ta kasa da kasa a cikin Namun daji .  

## Manazarta
Jiki, Rai & Ruhu

Jiki, Soul & Ruhu shine EP na biyu na mawakin Najeriya Joeboy . An sake shi a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 2023 ta hanyar emPawa Africa . Debox, BeatsbyKO, da Black Culture ne suka gudanar da samarwa. Yana hidimar bibiyar Jiki & Rai (2023).

## Bayanan baya da marasa aure
Sanarwar ta EP ta zo daidai da fitar da guda daya tilo, "Allah kadai Ya Iya Cece Ni," wanda aka saki a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba 2023. Debox ne ya samar da shi. 

## Abun ciki
EP ta fara da "Allah ne kaɗai zai iya cece ni," yana nuna ƙarancin samarwa tare da makoki synths da shirye-shiryen kayan aiki masu sauƙi. Waƙoƙin Joeboy suna bayyana rauni yayin da yake tunani kan ƙalubalen rayuwa. "24/7" yana gabatar da ƙarin ɗan lokaci mai daɗi tare da ganguna na biki da waƙoƙin guitar nasara, kuma yana ba da ma'anar azama da juriya. A cikin "Wayar Waya," Joeboy ya rera waƙa game da tasiri mai kyau na mai ƙauna, tare da soyayya, kayan aiki na zuciya. "Maƙiyi" yana magana akan rikitattun alaƙar dangantaka, tare da ƙwanƙwasa gita da raye-rayen raye -raye . EP ta ƙare da "Rayuwa," inda waƙoƙin Joeboy da waƙoƙin waƙa suka mayar da hankali kan jigogi na farfadowa da ci gaba. Kayan kayan aikin da ba su da yawa suna haskaka aikin muryarsa.  

## Mahimman liyafar
Adeayo Adebiyi na *Pulse Nigeria* ya bayyana cewa *Jiki, Soul & Ruhu* sun ba da cikakken bincike kan dangantakar soyayya da Joeboy. Adebiyi ya yaba wa EP saboda tsarin gaskiya da zuci, musamman a cikin waƙoƙin "Allah ne kaɗai zai iya cece ni" da "24/7", wanda ke nuna kewayon motsin zuciyar Joeboy da ikon ƙirƙirar kiɗa mai dacewa. Ya ba EP wani 8 / 10, ya kammala, "A lokacin da yawancin masu amfani da Najeriya ke kashewa kuma ba za a iya damu da ayyukan dogon lokaci ba, wannan EP shine kyauta mai dacewa daga mai zane wanda ke ci gaba da ba da mafi kyawunsa," yana nuna ainihin ainihin yanayin EP. 

Yinoluwa Olowofoyeku na *Afrocritik* ya lura cewa *Jiki, Soul, & Ruhu* ya ginu akan jigogi na aikinsa na baya, *Jiki &amp;amp; Soul* (2023) tare da ƙarin samarwa mai motsa rai. Yayin da ya yaba da rawar muryar Joeboy da zurfin tunani, ya ambaci cewa EP ɗin ya ɗan ragewa ta hanyar ƙarancin kalmomi da injiniyanci. EP ta sami 6.7 / 10, tare da Olowofoyeku yana tabbatarwa, " *Jiki, Soul, & Ruhu* ya taru kamar yadda aka yi talla - suna jin kamar fadada kunshin wanda shine *Jiki & Rai* ." 

TJ Martins na *Tattaunawa na Album* ya lura cewa *Jiki, Soul & Ruhu* ya ba da *Jiki & Soul*, yana ba da zurfin fahimta cikin jigogi na lafiyar hankali, baƙin ciki, da ƙin kai. Martins ya ambata cewa ƙaramin samarwa ya ci gaba a matsayin koma baya amma ya yaba da EP a matsayin aikin kida mai inganci. Ya lura, "Jiki, Soul & Ruhu yana zubar da yadudduka kuma yana ba da zurfin zurfafa tunani cikin jigogi na kundin." Martins ya ƙididdige EP 7.2 cikin 10. 

## Waƙa da jeri
 

## Ma'aikata

* Joseph Akinfenwa-Donus - vocals, rubuce-rubuce
* Agunbiade "Debox" Adebola - samarwa, rubuce-rubuce
* Kevin "BeatsbyKO" Akpewe - samarwa, rubuce-rubuce
* Joseph "Black Culture" Oluwafemi - samarwa, rubuce-rubuce
* Momoh Luka - rubuta
* Oluwadamilare Aderibigbe - rubuce-rubuce
* Nwaigwe Figo - rubuce-rubuce
* Ekene Nkemena - rubuce-rubuce

## Manazarta
Curriculum Vitae (album)

Curriculum Vitae album ne na haɗewa ta masu yin rikodin rikodin rikodin Najeriya Mo' Hits Records . [1] An sake shi a cikin 2007, ta lakabin. Mawallafin rikodin rikodi na Najeriya Don Jazzy ya fara bayyana shirye-shiryen yin kundin haɗin gwiwa a cikin 2006. Curriculum Vitae ya sami goyan bayan waƙar "Me yasa Ni" (Remix), "Pere", "Ololufe", "Booty Call" da "Move Your Body". Ya sami kyakkyawan bita daga masu sukar kiɗa kuma ya kasance a matsayi na bakwai a cikin Pulse Nigeria's list of 15 Best Nigerian Pop Albums da aka saki tsakanin 1999 da 2016. [2]

## Fage
An yi rikodin *Curriculum Vitae* tsakanin 2005 da 2006. Don Jazzy ne ya samar da shi gabaɗaya, Mo'Hits All Stars ne suka yi rikodin kundi tare da haɗin gwiwa wanda ya ƙunshi D'banj, Wande Coal, Dr SID, D'Prince da Kayswitch. An yi nasara ta kasuwanci kuma waƙoƙi daga aikin sun ci gaba da samun dacewa da al'adu da fa'ida har zuwa yau.  An samar da *Curriculum Vitae* don saukewa na dijital akan iTunes a cikin 2009. 

## Waƙa da jeri
  

## Manazarta