Fashewar bam a filin wasa na Manchester

a watan nuwamba na shekara ta 2017, magajin garin greater manchester andy burnham ya ce theresa may ta yi niyyar biyan fam miliyan 12 kawai daga cikin fam miliyan 28 da aka kiyasta don taimakawa sake gina birnin, wanda ya haifar da zargi.[1] mayu daga baya ya biya birnin manchester a watan janairun 2018. [2] wani binciken da aka buga a cikin american political science review a cikin 2021 ya lura da ƙididdigar amincewar mayu bayan fashewar bam din. kodayake masu binciken sun yi tsammanin sakamakon da ke nuna alamar taron 'a kusa da tasirin tutar - inda ƙididdigar amincewa da shugaban siyasa ke ƙaruwa bayan rikici ko yaƙi - ƙididdigaren amincewar mayu ya ragu. masu binciken sun ba da shawarar cewa jinsi na may ya taka rawar gani a cikin martani na jama'a, suna rubuta cewa shugabannin mata 'ba za su iya ƙidaya a kan tarurruka bayan manyan hare-haren ta'addanci ba'.[1] gmp ta ba da rahoton karuwar laifukan ƙiyayya na musulmai bayan fashewar bam din.[3]￼

Harin bam na Manchester_Arena" id="mwNQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Manchester Arena">Manchester Arena, ko Harin Manchester Arena, wani harin bam ne na ta'addanci na Islama na Manchester Arena a Manchester, Ingila, a ranar 22 ga Mayu 2017, bayan kide-kide da mawaƙan Amurka Ariana Grande ya yi. Mai tsattsauran ra'ayi na Islama Salman Abedi ne ya yi shi kuma dan uwansa, Hashem Abedi ne suka taimaka masa, harin bam din ya faru ne da karfe 22:31 kuma ya kashe mutane 22, ya ji rauni 1,017, kuma ya lalata gidan wasan. Wannan shi ne mafi munin aikin ta'addanci da kuma fashewar bam na farko a Burtaniya tun bayan fashewar bama-bamai na 7 ga Yulin 2005 a London.￼

Da yake ɗauke da babban jakar baya, Abedi ya fashe na'urar fashewa da ke dauke da triacetone triperoxide (TATP) da kwayoyi da ƙuƙwalwa da ke aiki a matsayin shrapnel. Bayan tuhumar farko game da cibiyar ta'addanci, 'yan sanda daga baya sun ce sun yi imanin cewa Abedi ya yi aiki shi kaɗai, amma wasu sun san shirye-shiryensa. A cikin 2020, an yi wa Hashem Abedi shari'a kuma an yanke masa hukunci saboda kisan kai, yunkurin kisan kai da makirci, kuma an yanke shi hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai a watan Agustan 2020 tare da mafi ƙarancin shekaru 55, mafi tsawo da kotun Burtaniya ta taɓa ɗorawa. Wani bincike na jama'a da aka fitar a cikin 2021 ya gano cewa 'ya kamata a yi karin' da 'yan sanda na Burtaniya don dakatar da harin, yayin da MI5 ta yarda cewa ta yi aiki a hankali wajen magance Abedi.￼

Grande ta dakatar da yawon shakatawa a takaice kuma ta dauki bakuncin kide-kide na amfanin a ranar 4 ga Yuni mai taken One Love Manchester, wanda ya tara jimlar fam miliyan 17 ga wadanda ke fama da fashewar bam din. Laifukan ƙiyayya na Islamophobic sun karu a yankin Greater Manchester bayan harin, a cewar 'yan sanda. Firayim Minista Theresa Mayu ta kafa Hukumar Tsayayya da Tsattsauran ra'ayi don mayar da martani ga fashewar bam.

## Shirye-shiryen

### Dalilin da ya sa aka yi

'Yar'uwar Abedi ta ce dan uwanta ya motsa shi ne saboda rashin adalci na yara Musulmai da ke mutuwa a cikin bama-bamai da suka samo asali daga shiga tsakani da Amurka ke jagoranta a yakin basasar Siriya. Wani aboki na dangin Abedi ya kuma ce Salman ya yi rantsuwa da fansa a jana'izar Abdul Wahab Hafidah, wanda wata kungiya ta Manchester ta kori shi kuma ta soke shi har ya mutu a ranar 12 ga Mayu 2016 kuma abokin Salman ne da ƙaramin ɗan'uwansa Hashem. Hashem daga baya ya tsara fashewar bam din Manchester tare da ɗan'uwansa. A lokacin binciken 'yan sanda, sun gano shaidar cewa biyun sun shiga cikin Yaƙin basasar Libya kuma sun sadu da mambobin Al-Qaeda a Maghreb na Musulunci. 'Yan sanda sun gano hotuna tare da' yan uwan tare da' ya'yan Abu Anas al-Libi, babban mayaƙin Al-Qaeda a Libya.

Daular Musulunci (ISIS) ta fitar da wata sanarwa a kan aikace-aikacen saƙo na Telegram a ranar 23 ga Mayu tana da'awar alhakin. A cikin sanarwar, ISIS ta ce "soja na Khilafah" ya fashe fashewa a cikin taron 'masu yaƙi a birnin Manchester na Burtaniya'. Darakta na leken asiri na Amurka Dan Coats ya ce - a gaban Kwamitin Ayyukan Sojoji na Majalisar Dattijai - cewa ISIS tana da alhakin sau da yawa kuma Amurka ba za ta iya tabbatar da ikirarin su ba. Tsohon jami'in Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI) Ali Soufan ya lura da rashin daidaito a cikin sanarwa kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa kayan aikin su na kafofin watsa labarai sun fi rauni fiye da yadda aka saba; sanarwa ta yi iƙirarin cewa bam din ya fashe a tsakiyar filin wasa, ba ɗakinsa ba. Sa'an nan Ministan cikin gida na Faransa Gérard Collomb ya ce a cikin wata hira da BFM TV cewa Abedi na iya zuwa Siriya, kuma ya "tabbatar" alaƙa da ISIS.

Binciken da 'yan sanda na Greater Manchester suka yi a cikin wani rahoto na BBC cewa wani imam na Masallacin Didsbury, inda Abedi da iyalinsa suka kasance na yau da kullun, sun yi kira ga jihadi mai dauke da makamai kwanaki 10 kafin Abedi ya sayi tikitin kide-kide, ya gano cewa ba a aikata laifi ba.  

### Godiya
A cewar majiyoyin 'yan sanda na Jamus, Abedi ya ratsa Filin jirgin saman Düsseldorf a kan hanyarsa ta komawa Manchester daga Istanbul kwana hudu kafin fashewar bam din. Abedi ya koma Manchester a ranar 18 ga Mayu bayan tafiya zuwa Libya. Hotunan Talabijin mai rufewa (CCTV) sun gano Abedi sau da yawa kafin fashewar bam. A ranar 18 ga Mayu, a 18:14, hoton CCTV na farko ya gano shi yana barin Shudehill Interchange, yana magana da ɗan gajeren lokaci ga ma'aikacin Manchester Arena kafin ya lura da layuka da ƙofofi a cikin City Room.  An hango Abedi a cikin City Room a ranar 21 ga Mayu a 18:53 kuma a ranar 22 ga Mayu a 18:34, kimanin minti 30 bayan aikin Grande ya fara. A cikin duka ziyarar uku, an lura da Abedi ta amfani da wayar salula kuma bai bayyana yana ɗauke da fashewa ba.

### Gina bam din

Bayan ya koma Manchester, Abedi ya sayi kayan yin bam, a bayyane yake yana gina bam din acetone peroxide da kansa. An san cewa yawancin mambobin brigade na ISIS Battar sun horar da mutane wajen yin bama-bamai a Libya. A cewar The New York Times, bam din 'na'urar da aka yi da gangan da kulawa'. An gano ƙwayoyin ƙarfe da ƙuƙwalwa, suna nuna cewa an yi niyyar zama bam na ƙusa. Hotunan da The New York Times ta fitar suna nuna cajin fashewa a cikin akwati mai sauƙi wanda aka ɗauka a cikin baƙar fata ko jakar Karrimor mai launin shudi. Fashewar ta motsa jikinsa ta ƙofofin filin wasa, mai yiwuwa yana nuna cewa an riƙe cajin fashewa a cikin jakar baya kuma ya busa shi gaba a kan fashewa. An gano batirin acid mai laushi na 12-volt, 2.1 amp-hour wanda GS Yuasa ya ƙera a wurin. Binciken mai binciken ya ba da shawarar cewa bam din ya isa ya kashe mutane har zuwa mita 20 (66 . Michael McCaul, wakilin Amurka sannan kuma shugaban Kwamitin Tsaro na Gida ya yi iƙirarin cewa bam din ya ƙunshi triacetone triperoxide (TATP), wanda McCaul ya bayyana a matsayin "na'urar fashewa ta gargajiya da 'yan ta'adda suka yi amfani da ita".

## Fashewar bama-bamai

Gidan wasan kwaikwayon ya fara ne da misalin karfe 19:35. Daga kimanin 20:30 zuwa 20:51, Abedi ya tashi daga Shudehill Interchange zuwa City Room, yana motsawa zuwa bayan gida na maza a filin Tashar Victoria a karfe 20:36 kuma yana tashi a karfe 20:48. A lokacin ziyarar da ya kai bayan gida, jami'an tallafin al'umma na 'yan sanda biyu na sufuri na Burtaniya (BTP) da masu tsaron Showsec guda biyu sun gan shi. Ta amfani da tashar tashar, ya yi hanyarsa zuwa Gidan Birni. Daga 20:51 zuwa 21:10, wani ma'aikacin Showsec ya hango shi na kasa da sakan goma a kan mezzanine na City Room kafin ya koma zuwa dandalin tram a 21:13. Yayinda yake cikin City Room, Abedi ya ɓoye a wani wuri wanda tsarin CCTV na filin wasa bai rufe shi ba. Abedi ya yi tafiyarsa ta ƙarshe zuwa Gidan Birni a karfe 21:29, ya isa karfe 21:33. Wani mutum ne ya hango Abedi wanda aka hayar shi don hana rikodin allo ba bisa ka'ida ba na kide-kide - da karfe 22:00. Ta ce ta sanar da wani dan sanda na BTP game da kasancewar Abedi, wanda ya bayyana cewa ba ta da irin wannan tattaunawar.

Grande ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a karfe 21:00 kuma kide-kide ya ƙare jim kadan kafin 22:30. A cewar wani jami'in Libya, Abedi ya yi magana da dan uwansa, Hashem, a waya kimanin minti 15 kafin a kai harin. An shirya 'yan sanda biyar na BTP don yin sintiri a Victoria Exchange Complex, kodayake hudu ne kawai suka halarci lokacin fashewar bam. Babu wani daga cikin 'yan sanda huɗu da ke cikin City Room tsakanin 22:00 da 22:31;' yan sanda biyu sun tafi lokacin hutun abincin dare. Kodayake Showsec ya sa ran fitowa kuma mai kula ya kasance a cikin City Room tsakanin 22:08 da 22:17, mai kula bai hau mezzanine ba kuma bai ga Abedi ba. Wani memba na jama'a ya sake ganin Abedi a karfe 22:12, wanda ya tambayi abin da yake da shi a cikin jaka. Ya damu da cewa jakar na iya dauke da bam bayan bai amsa ba kuma ya ba da rahoton shi, wanda aka gaya masa cewa BTP sun riga sun san Abedi. Bayan an gaya masa game da damuwar, wani ma'aikacin Showsec ya ji tsoron cewa za a dauke shi mai wariyar launin fata kuma bai kusanci Abedi ba. Yayinda yake ƙoƙari ya shiga rediyo, zirga-zirgar rediyo mai yawa ta hana shi isa ga wasu mutane. Yayin da kide-kide ya ƙare, masu halartar kide-nide sun bar ta City Room, ɗaya daga cikin ƙofofi huɗu zuwa filin wasa. Da karfe 22:30, Abedi ya sauko daga mezzanine.

Da daidai 22:31 (21:31 UTC), bam din ƙusa, wanda ke da nauyin fiye da kilo 30 (66 , ya fashe a cikin City Room. Mutane 23, ciki har da Abedi, sun mutu kuma daruruwan sun ji rauni.

## Wadanda suka mutu
An kiyasta mutane 14,200 ne a wurin kide-kide lokacin da bam din ya fashe. Fashewar ta kashe mai kai hari da masu halartar kide-kide 22 da iyaye da ke cikin ƙofar suna jiran karɓar yaransu bayan wasan kwaikwayon; an ba da rahoton mutane 119 da farko sun ji rauni. 'Yan sanda sun sake fasalin wannan lambar zuwa 250 a ranar 22 ga Yuni, tare da kara da mummunan rauni na tunani da ƙananan raunuka. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2018, an sake fasalin adadin wadanda suka ji rauni zuwa 800. A lokacin binciken jama'a game da fashewar bam din, an sabunta shi a watan Disamba na 2020 zuwa mutane 1,017 da ke ci gaba da raunin. Wani binciken da aka buga a watan Satumbar 2019 ya ce 239 daga cikin raunin sun kasance na jiki. Wadanda suka mutu sun hada da mutane goma da ba su kai shekara 20 ba; wanda aka fi kashe yarinya ce mai shekaru takwas kuma mafi tsufa mace ce mai shekaru 51. Daga cikin wadanda 22 suka mutu, ashirin sun fito ne daga Burtaniya kuma biyu 'yan kasar Poland ne da ke zaune a Burtaniya. 'Yan sanda da dangin mai shekaru 29 da aka kashe Martyn Hett, wanda ke da nisan mita 4 (13  daga fashewar kuma bayan wanda aka sanya sunan Martyn's Law, sun bayyana cewa saboda tsananin fashewar, ana iya gano shi ne kawai ta hanyar tattoo na Deirdre Barlow a kafafunsa.

## Amsa da taimako

### Amsar 'yan sanda

#### 'Yan sanda na sufuri na Burtaniya
A cikin minti daya na fashewar bam din, wani jami'in 'yan sanda ya aika da sakon rediyo yana cewa 'Muna bukatar karin mutane a Victoria, kawai muna da babbar murya', ta hanyar tashar BTP. Sajen biyu suna cikin Ginin Peninsula kuma sun gudu zuwa filin wasa lokacin da suka ji fashewar. Ɗaya daga cikinsu ya yi kira ga sitrep da karfe 22:33. Da karfe 22:34, an gaya wa cibiyar kwamandan BTP cewa akwai 'akalla mutane ashirin da suka mutu' kuma fashewar 'ta hanyar] bam'. Cibiyar umurni ta BTP ta kira ga sabis na Ambulance na Arewa maso Yamma (NWAS) da 'yan sanda na Greater Manchester (GMP). Motar farko ta isa da karfe 22:34. Wani jami'in BTP ya tabbatar da wurin a karfe 22:39 a matsayin 'ofishin tikiti a fagen wasa' kuma ya ce akwai mutane 60 da suka mutu.

#### 'Yan sanda na Manchester
Da karfe 22:31:52, kiran farko na 999 da ya ba da rahoton fashewar bam a filin wasa ya yi ta hanyar mai kallo da ya ji rauni. Kira na biyu, wanda aka sanya a 22:32:40, ba daidai ba ya bayyana cewa akwai harbe-harbe kusa da fashewar. Jami'in aikin soja a daren harin ya san fashewar bam din da karfe 22:34 kuma nan da nan ya tura jami'an bindigogi. Ya isa hanyar Triniti da ke kusa da 22:39 kuma ya sanar da cewa harin na iya zama wasan wuta a 22:39:30. Wani jami'in bindigogi ya ce akwai 'manyan wadanda suka mutu' a 22:41 kuma ya ambaci Operation Plato, martani ga harin ta'addanci (MTA). Da 22:42:44, an ga jami'an GMP guda biyu na farko a CCTV ta ƙananan ƙofofi a kan Trinity Way, yayin da uku suka isa ta Tashar Victoria. An ayyana Operation Plato a 22:47,  kuma an ayyana 'babban abin da ya faru' a 23:04. Da karfe 01:32, an gudanar da fashewar da aka sarrafa ta kariya a kan wani abu mai tuhuma a cikin lambunan Cathedral . 

### Amsar sabis na asibiti
Da karfe 22:32, wani memba na jama'a ya yi kira 999 game da fashewar kuma ya gano inda yake, ɗakin, da kuma wurin fashewar. Ofishin Ambulance na Arewa maso Yamma ya ba da rahoton cewa 60 daga cikin ambulancinsa sun halarci wurin, sun ɗauki mutane 59 zuwa asibitoci na gida kuma sun kula da rauni a wurin. Michael Daley, mai ba da shawara wanda ba ya aiki an shigar da shi cikin littafin jaruntakar British Medical Journal saboda jaruntakarsa a watan Yunin 2017. Daga cikin wadanda aka kwantar da su a asibiti, 12 yara ne da ba su kai shekara 16 ba. Gabaɗaya, an kwantar da mutane 112 a asibiti saboda raunin da suka samu kuma an kula da 27 saboda raunin wanda bai buƙaci asibiti ba. Daga cikin wannan jimlar 139, 79 yara ne.

### Taimako da martani na gwamnati
 
Firayim Minista Theresa Mayu ta yi magana a gaban 10 Downing Street don Allah wadai da 'tsoro mai banƙyama' na harin. Daga nan sai ta yi tafiya zuwa Manchester tare da Sakataren Cikin Gida Amber Rudd .  A wannan safiya, Mayu ta jagoranci taron gaggawa na Ofishin Jakadancin (COBR). Taron ya ɗaga Matsayin barazanar Burtaniya zuwa 'mai mahimmanci', matakin mafi girma. A ranar 27 ga Mayu, an rage matakin barazanar zuwa 'mai tsanani', matsayinta na baya.

An fara fashewar bam din ne a karo na farko tun lokacin da aka sanya shi bayan harin Charlie Hebdo a watan Janairun 2015. Kwanaki biyu bayan harin, an tura ma'aikatan soja 984 a duk faɗin London, gami da manyan wurare, gami na Fadar Westminster, Fadar Buckingham, Babban Ginin Ma'aikatar Tsaro, da wasu wuraren nukiliya. An soke yawon shakatawa na Fadar Westminster da bikin sauya masu tsaro a Fadar Buckingham. An tura ma'aikata 1,400 a ranar 30 ga Mayu, lokacin da aka dakatar da aikin. An kirkiro Hukumar Tsayayya da Ƙarfin Kai bayan fashewar bam din.

Mutane da 'yan siyasa daban-daban na Burtaniya sun nuna ta'aziyya bayan fashewar bam din. Sarauniya Elizabeth II ta ziyarci Asibitin Yara na Royal Manchester don saduwa da wadanda abin ya shafa a ranar 25 ga Mayu, tana kiranta 'mummunan abu' don kai hari kan yara. Burnham ya ce harin ya kasance 'mummunan'. Dubban mutane, tare da Rudd, Burnham da kuma shugaban Jam'iyyar Labour Jeremy Corbyn, sun taru a Albert Square don tunawa da wadanda abin ya shafa. Bishop na Manchester David Walker ya kunna kyandir a wurin tsaro. Majalisar Musulmi ta Burtaniya ta yi Allah wadai da harin kuma ta kira shi 'mai ban tsoro'. An yi shiru na minti daya a ranar 25 ga Mayu; a St Ann's Square, shiru ya ƙare tare da zagaye na applause sannan Oasis 'Kada ka dubi baya cikin fushi'. Harin ya faru makonni biyu kafin Babban zaben Burtaniya na 2017; an dakatar da ayyukan kamfen na jam'iyyun Labour da Conservative.

### Halin kasa da kasa
Halin kasa da kasa ya fito ne daga kasashe da yawa da shugabannin siyasa bayan fashewar bam din, ciki har da shugaban Amurka Donald Trump, Firayim Minista na Kanada Justin Trudeau, Shugaban Jamus Angela Merkel, Shugaban Faransa Emmanuel Macron, Shugaban Hukumar Tarayyar Turai Jean-Claude Juncker, Shugaban kasar Sin Xi Jinping, Firayim minista na Indiya Narendra Modi da shugaban Rasha Vladimir Putin. Yankin Burtaniya na Gibraltar ya ba da umarnin a ɗaga dukkan tutoci a kan gine-ginen gwamnati a rabin masta. Paparoma Francis ya ba da ta'aziyya.

Ariana Grande ta wallafa sakon tausayi a ranar 23 ga Mayu, ta zama tweet da aka fi so a Twitter har sai tsohon shugaban Amurka Barack Obama ya wallafa tweet bayan taron Unite the Right a Charlottesville, Virginia. Us Weekly ta ruwaito cewa Grande ta koma gidanta a Florida kuma nan da nan ta dakatar da Dangerous Woman Tour. A wata hira da aka yi da ita a shekarar 2018 tare da  na Burtaniya, Grande ta ce tana fama da matsalar damuwa (PTSD) sakamakon harin.

## Manazarta