El Djem

El **D**Jem**** ko El Jem (Tunisiya Arabic) wani gari ne a cikin Gwamnatin Mahdia, Tunisia . Yawan jama'arta ya kai 21,544 a ƙidayar shekara ta 2014. Gida ce ga ragowar Roman, gami da Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na El Jem .

## Tarihi

An gina birnin Roman na Thysdrus, kamar kusan dukkanin ƙauyukan Romawa a tsohuwar Tunisia, a kan tsoffin ƙauyukun Punic. A cikin yanayin da ba shi da kyau fiye da na yau, Thysdrus ya bunƙasa a matsayin muhimmiyar cibiyar samar da Man zaitun da fitarwa. Shi ne wurin zama na bishopric na Kirista, wanda aka haɗa shi a cikin jerin sunayen Ikilisiyar Katolika.

A farkon karni na 3, lokacin da aka gina gidan wasan kwaikwayo, Thysdrus ya yi gasa da Hadrumetum (Sousse na zamani) a matsayin birni na biyu na Roman Arewacin Afirka bayan Carthage . Koyaya, biyo bayan tawaye da ya fara a can a cikin AD 238 da kuma kashe kansa na Gordian a cikin gidansa kusa da Carthage, sojojin Romawa masu aminci ga sarki Maximinus Thrax sun kori birnin. An nuna garin a kan Taswirar Peutinger ta ƙarni na 4.

Ci gaban Thysdrus a zamanin Roman, duk da kalubalen da ke tattare da yanayin ƙasa mai ƙiyayya   ya nuna bambancin ayyukan tattalin arziki da sana'a fiye da yadda aka yi tsammani da farko. Wadannan binciken archaeological na baya-bayan nan sun buɗe sabbin ra'ayoyi game da aikin wannan tsohuwar birni kuma sun kalubalanci hoton gargajiya na cibiyar kasuwanci mai sauƙi.

Binciken noma na baya-bayan nan ya ba da wasu bayanai masu ban sha'awa game da yanayin karkara da ke kewaye da Thysdrus. Kodayake ƙasa mai wahala da rashin ruwa sun haifar da manyan ƙalubale ga aikin gona, ragowar ƙauyuka da ƙananan garuruwa sun nuna aiki mai ɗorewa fiye da yadda ake tsammani. Koyaya, tambayar girman girma na zaitun  a yankin ya kasance a buɗe don muhawara, saboda rashin ma'adinan mai na dā da tambayoyi masu ɗorewa game da ayyukan noma a lokacin. 

Bugu da kari, nazarin yanayin da ke kewaye da shi yana nuna wani mataki na lalacewar muhalli, wanda ya danganta musamman ga amfani da ƙasa mai zurfi a cikin ƙarni. Wadannan binciken suna kira ga zurfin nazarin fannoni daban-daban don fahimtar hulɗar tsakanin ayyukan ɗan adam da muhalli a zamanin d ̄ a.

Binciken archaeological a Thysdrus ya nuna gagarumin tattalin arziki da sana'a. Ragowar aikin ƙarfe, aikin ƙashi, gyare-gyare da zane-zane suna ba da shaida ga ƙwarewa da ƙwarewar masu sana'a na yankin. Abin da ya fi haka, kodayake har yanzu ba a gano wuraren bitar tukwane ba, samar da yumbu yana da alama ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tattalin arzikin yankin, kamar yadda aka tabbatar da yawancin abubuwan da aka gano na siffofi da ƙirar terracotta.

## Abubuwan da aka gani

### Gidan wasan kwaikwayo

Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na El Jem na iya zama masu kallo 35,000. Sai kawai Colosseum a Roma (wanda ke zaune kusan masu kallo 50,000) da kuma gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Capua sun fi girma.

Gidan wasan kwaikwayo a El Djem Romawa ne suka gina shi a karkashin gwamna Gordian, wanda aka yaba da shi a matsayin sarki a Thysdrus a kusa da 238 kuma an fi amfani da shi don nuna Gladiator da ƙananan tseren karusa.

Har zuwa karni na 17, ya kasance kusan cikakke. Tun daga wannan lokacin an yi amfani da duwatsunta don gina ƙauyen El Djem da ke kusa da shi kuma an kai shi Babban Masallaci a Kairouan. A wani lokaci mai wahala yayin gwagwarmaya tare da Ottomans waɗanda suka yi amfani da bindigogi don fitar da 'yan tawaye daga gidan wasan kwaikwayo.

An ayyana rushewar gidan wasan kwaikwayon a matsayin Gidan Tarihin Duniya a shekarar 1979. Yana karbar bakuncin bikin shekara-shekara na El Djem International Symphony Festival .

### Sauran
Yankin da ke gudana yana adana birnin kasuwa na Thysdrus da kuma kyawawan birane da suka taɓa kewaye da shi. An samo wasu mosaics na bene kuma an buga su, daya daga cikinsu yana nuna hoton  (Dea) Afirka,  amma ba a yi ƙoƙari a fannin binciken archaeology ba. Kwanan nan tare da hotuna na sama, an gano babban filin wasa na tseren.

Yanayin bushe na Thysdrus ya taimaka wajen adana rubuce-rubuce a kan papyrus.

## Sufuri
Hanyar jirgin kasa ta mita daga Tunis zuwa Gabès, wanda aka fi sani da La Ligne de la Côte, yana tsayawa a El Djem.

## Hotuna

Fayil:El_Djem_Amphitheater_aerial_view.jpg|Aerial view of El Djem and Amphitheatre
Fayil:Anfiteatro,_El_Jem,_Túnez,_2016-09-04,_DD_41-43_HDR.jpg|Underground alley
Fayil:Anfiteatro,_El_Jem,_Túnez,_2016-09-04,_DD_35-37_HDR.jpg|An alley under the arena
Fayil:Anfiteatro,_El_Jem,_Túnez,_2016-09-04,_DD_10.jpg|Porticos
Fayil:Anfiteatro,_El_Jem,_Túnez,_2016-09-04,_DD_11.jpg|View of the arena
Fayil:Anfiteatro,_El_Jem,_Túnez,_2016-09-04,_DD_32.jpg|Entrance of the Arena


## Bayanan da aka ambata