open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Alice Coomaraswamy

**Q Ratan Devi Coomaraswamy**(an haife shi Alice Ethel Richardson;1889-Yuli 15,1958)yayi aiki a ƙarƙashin sunan mataki na **Ratan Devī.**Take nadi kidan Indiya kuma ta kasance mai yin wakokin Hindu da wakoki,ta kuma tafi yawon shakatawa a Biritaniya da Amurka.Martin Clayton ya bayyana Alice a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan matan da aka manta da su game da kiɗa a cikin Daular Biritaniya.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
 
An haifi **Alice Ethel Richardson** a watan Oktoba 1889 a Sheffield,Ingila,ga George Richardson da Sarah Faulkner. 

A cikin 1907 Alice ta ziyarci abokinta Philip Mairet,wanda ke cikin rukuni ɗaya na masu fasaha kamar masanin tarihin fasaha Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy da matarsa,masaƙa da rini Ethel Coomaraswamy.A shekara ta gaba,ta fara dangantaka da Ananda.Ethel ba ta haifi magaji ba,kuma mijinta yana son ɗa.Bai boye al'amarinsa ba,daga karshe kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata ya dauki abokin tarayya na biyu.Ethel ta yi mamakin wannan shawarar kuma ta bar gidan aure.

Alice ta auri Coomaraswamy a 1913 a St Pancras, London.A lokaci guda za su haifi 'ya'ya biyu, Narada Coomaraswamy da Rohini Coomaraswamy.Tare suka tafi Indiya kuma suka zauna a cikin jirgin ruwa na gida a Srinagar a Kashmir.Coomaraswamy ya karanci zanen Rajput yayin da Alice ta karanci wakokin Indiya tare da Abdul Rahim na Kapurthala.Lokacin da suka dawo Ingila,Alice ta yi waƙar Indiya a ƙarƙashin sunan mataki Ratan Devi l.LTa yi nasara kuma ta zagaya Biritaniya inda za ta rera waka bayan jawabin gabatarwa da mijinta ya yi.

A cikin 1913 ta buga *Waƙoƙi Talatin daga Punjab da Kashmir*,waɗanda aka haɗa tare da mijinta. Littafin ya ba da alamar kida don waƙoƙi talatin kuma ya haɗa da gabatarwar Bengal polymath Rabindranath Tagore,wanda ya yi farin ciki sosai game da waƙar Alice.Baya ga latsawa,ta kuma sami kyakkyawan bita daga mawaki Percy Grainger,marubucin wasan kwaikwayo George Bernard Shaw da mawallafin WB Yeats.

A cikin 1916 Alice ta yi ciki a sakamakon, a cewar mai sihiri da mai sihiri Aleister Crowley, ya shiga cikin al'adun sihiri na jima'i . Crowley ya yi ƙoƙarin yin amfani da ƙarin sihiri don ƙirƙirar "ciki mai lafiya"; ciki ya zo ya ƙare a cikin zubar da ciki.  Alice da mijinta sun kasance a Amurka a cikin 1917 inda a karkashin sunan Ratan Devi ta kammala yawon shakatawa.  Yayin da suke wurin, an gayyaci Coomaraswamy don yin aiki a matsayin ɗan'uwan bincike kan fasahar Indiya a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Fine Arts na Boston a 1917. A cewar Crowley,Alice ta roke shi ya dawo da ita amma ya ce zai yi hakan ne kawai idan ta bar mijinta. Alice ta ƙi yin hakan. Abin da aka sani shi ne Crowley ya rubuta labari ga *The International* wanda ya hada da wani hali mai suna "Haramzada Swami" inda Haramzada ke nufin "bastard" a Hindustani.

## Ayyuka

* *Wakoki Talatin Daga Punjab da Kashmir, Ratan Devi ne ya rubuta tare da Gabatarwa da Fassara daga Ananda-Kentish Coomarswamy da Gabatarwa ta Rabindranath Tagore*(London,Old Bourne Press 1913).

## Nassoshi
TAJBank

**TAJBank Limited**, ita ce bankin Najeriya na biyu mara riba, wanda kuma ke aiki a karkashin ka'idodin banki na Islama, wanda aka kafa a Najeriya tare da hedkwatarsa a Abuja, babban birnin kasar. 

Bankin yana aiki da rassa 17, cibiyoyin tsabar kuɗi 5 kuma yana ba da sabis na ATM na yau da kullun da kuma Online, Mobile, USSD (*898#) da sabis na banki na SMS.

## Tarihi
An kafa ma'aikatar a cikin shekarar 2019, a matsayin TAJBank Limited . A ranar 3 ga Yulin shekarar 2019, TAJBank ta sami lasisi daga Babban Bankin Najeriya, mai kula da banki na kasa, don aiki a matsayin bankin yanki. A ranar 2 ga Disamban shekarar 2019, ma'aikatar ta fara kasuwanci a matsayin TAJBank Limited a ofisoshi da rassa a Abuja.

A ranar 12 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019, TAJBank ta bude reshen ta na biyu a Kano a cikin tsarin fadadawa zuwa wasu cibiyoyin birane a Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Najeriya. TAJBank ta yi rikodin nasarar da ta samu a watan Agustan 2022 wanda ya kai ga bayar da lasisin kasa ta Babban Bankin Najeriya.

Bankin ya kuma bude reshe a Jihar Sokoto a ranar 24 ga watan Agusta 2020. 

A ranar 14 ga Fabrairun shekarar 2023 TAJBank ta lissafa N10billion Mudarabah Sukuk a Nigerian Exchange Limited (NGX)

## Mallaka

### Kwamitin Daraktocin bankin an jera su a ƙasa.

## Bayanan da aka yi amfani da su
Zahra Mohamed Ahmad

**Zahra Mohamed Ahmad** (an haife ta a shekarar 1952) ƴar fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam kuma lauya ce. Ita ce ta kafa Cibiyar Raya Mata ta Somaliya. An ba ta lambar yabo ta ƙasa da ƙasa na mata masu ƙarfin gwiwa a shekarar 2021.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Zahra a shekara ta 1952 kuma tana da 'yan uwa guda bakwai. Mahaifinta dan sanda ne. 

Zahra ta zama mataimakiyar manajan kwastam a filin jirgin saman Mogadishu. Ta auri tsohon sojan sama kuma matukin jirgi, Janar Mohamud Sheikh Ali, kuma sun haifi ‘ya’ya biyar. A shekarar 1991 tsarin Somaliya ya rushe kuma an yi tashe tashen hankula. A cikin shekara ta gaba ita da danginta sun tafi, tare da nadama, zuwa Tanzaniya. Sun zauna a can har zuwa shekara ta 2000. Somalia har yanzu ba wurin zama mai kyau ba amma Zahra da danginta sun koma don taimakawa da sake ginawa. 

Ta tafi aiki tana karfafa makarantu don sake budewa kuma sarakunan yaki su daina tashin hankali. Kungiyar da ta kafa ita ake kira HINNA. Daga baya, a shekarar 2000, ta kafa kuma ta jagoranci Cibiyar Raya Mata ta Somaliya (SWDC) a Mogadishu. 

A shekarar 2005 ta koma jami'a inda ta samu digiri a fannin shari'a na kasa da kasa da kuma shari'a a jami'ar Somalia. Suna tallafa wa matan da ake tsare da su ko kuma ana shari’a da waɗanda suka tsira daga cin zarafin mata. SWDC ta kuma bayar da rahoto kan cin zarafi da tashin hankali a Somaliya. SWDC tana ba da taimakon doka kuma ita ce babbar mai ba da shawara ta shari'a.  An tursasa ma’aikatan kungiyar tata tare da yi mata barazana, danta tilo ya mutu, ita ma tana cikin hadari. A shekara ta 2013 an kashe wasu lauyoyin SWDC biyu a wani hari da aka kai a kotun Mogadishu inda wasu mutane 27 suka mutu sannan 60 suka jikkata. 

Ƙungiyarta ta kafa Ceebla Crisis Line 5555. Layin yana ba da tallafi a cikin Somaliyanci da Ingilishi ga wadannan matan da ke da hannu wajen cin zarafi da cin zarafi. Layin ya samu goyon baya daga Lydia Wanyoto wacce ita ce shugabar tawagar Tarayyar Afirka a Somaliya da kuma uwargidan shugaban kasar Somaliya, Zahra Omar Hassan. 

Jakadan Amurka a Somalia, Donald Yamamoto ne ya nada Zahra,  kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta mata masu jaruntaka ta duniya a shekarar 2021.  Uwargidan shugaban kasa Dr. Jill Biden da sakatariyar harkokin wajen Amurka Antony Blinken ne suka ba da kyautar a ranar mata ta duniya. Akwai mata goma sha hudu masu rai da aka ba da kyaututtuka a wannan shekarar. Wadanda aka karrama sun fito ne daga kasashe goma sha biyar yayin da lambar yabo ta 2021 ta hada da karin mata bakwai da suka mutu a kasar Afghanistan. 

## Manazarta
Hukumar Kariya da Kare Hakkokin Al'ummomi, Al'adu, Addini da Harsuna

**Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Al'adu, Addini da Harsuna** ( **CRL Rights Commission** ). Cibiya ce mai zaman kanta mai babi tara a Afirka ta Kudu. Tana zana aikinta daga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Afirka ta Kudu ta hanyar Hukumar Ingantawa da Kare Haƙƙin Al'adun Al'adu, Addini da Harsuna na Dokar shekarar 2002. 

## Umarni
Hukumar kare hakkin bil adama ta CRL ta wajabta "tabbatar da mutuntawa da cigaba da kare haƙƙin al'ummomin al'adu, addini da harshe; haɓaka da haɓaka zaman lafiya, abokantaka, ɗan adam, haƙuri, haɗin kan ƙasa tsakanin da tsakanin al'ummomin al'adu, addini da harshe kan tushen daidaito, rashin nuna wariya da haɗin kai, don inganta yancin al'ummomi da haɓaka al'adun gargajiya da aka rage a tarihi da kuma amincewa da majalisun al'umma". 

## Hangen nesa da manufa
Manufar Hukumar Kare Hakkokin CRL ita ce "haɗin kai al'ummar Afirka ta Kudu da ke ba da kariya da haɓaka haƙƙin al'adu, addini da na harshe na dukan al'ummominta daban-daban". Manufarta ita ce "inganta da kare haƙƙin al'ummomin al'adu, addini da harshe". 

## Kwamishinonin
A ranar biyu 2 ga watan Afrilu, na shekarar 2014, an kaddamar da sabbin kwamishinonin Hukumar CRL 12 a Kotun Tsarin Mulki. Wannan ya biyo bayan nadin nasu da shugaba Jacob Zuma ya yi a cikin sashe na 11(4) da aka karanta tare da 13(1) na dokar kare hakkin CRL ta 19 na shekarar 2002 daga ranar 1 ga watan Maris 2014, na tsawon shekaru biyar. Mai shari'a Edwin Cameron ne ya jagoranci bikin kaddamar da bikin. Membobin Hukumar Kare Hakkokin CRL na yanzu sune: 

## Duba kuma

* Addini a Afirka ta Kudu
* Yarjejeniya ta Afirka ta Kudu na 'Yancin Addini da 'Yanci
* Partner: Konrad-Adenauer-Foundation 

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Official site of the CRL Rights Commission
Yasir Ibrahim

Yasser Ibrahim Ahmed El Hanafi ( Larabci: يَاسِر إبرَاهِيْم أَحمَد الْحَنَفِي‎ ; an haife shi 10 Fabrairu 1993) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Masar wanda ke buga wa Al Ahly wasa a matsayin cibiyar baya . cikin Janairu 2019, ya koma Al Ahly .

## Kididdigar sana'a

### Kulob

## Honours
### Club

* Gasar Premier ta Masar : 2018-19, 2019–20
* Kofin Masar: 2019-20, 2021–22
* Gasar cin kofin Masar : 2018–19
* CAF Champions League : 2019-20, 2020-21
* CAF Super Cup : 2021 (Mayu), 2021 (Disamba

### Ƙasashen Duniya
Gasar cin kofin Afrika ta U-20 : 2013

#### ta Mutum daya
IFA Club World Cup wanda ya fi zira kwallaye: 2021

## Manazarta
Anisia Achieng

**Anisia Karlo Achieng Olworo** 'yar majalisar dokokin Sudan ta Kudu ce kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata.

## Rayuwar farko a Sudan
An haifi Achieng a Sudan ta Kudu. Mahaifiyarta ta rasu tun tana karama kuma mahaifinta ya rasu a yakin basasa. Bayan haka ta tashi a gidan marayu ta masu wa’azi a mishan da suka ƙaura zuwa Uganda. Achieng ta gama secondary dinta a can ta dage ta koma sudan neman yan uwanta. Bayan makaranta, ta koma Sudan ta Kudu don neman horo da aikin jinya kafin samun aiki tare da Norwegian Church Aid. Yakin ya sake tilasta mata ficewa daga kasar sannan ta koma Nairobi inda ta yi aikin sa kai a hukumar kula da 'yan gudun hijira ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kuma ta halarci jami'ar Katolika ta gabashin Afirka. 

## Tserewa zuwa Kenya da fafutuka
Achieng dai tana zaune ne a tsaunukan Nuba a shekarar 1993, lokacin da sojoji da 'yan tawaye suka shiga yankin, lamarin da ya tilasta mata tserewa zuwa Kenya domin gujewa yakin. 'Ya'yanta masu shekaru daya da shida sun tsere zuwa Uganda tare da 'yar uwarta.  A birnin Nairobi, Achieng ta kasance wacce ta kafa kungiyar Muryar Mata ta Sudan mai zaman lafiya, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ta dukufa wajen yaki da cin zarafin bil adama a Sudan. 

Achieng ta kasance wakiliya tare da Fatima Ahmed Ibrahim a taron Harvest for Sudan na shekarar 1995: Taron Ƙaddamar da Zaman Lafiyar Mata a Nairobi.  A shekarun 1995-96 Olworo ya zagaya ko'ina cikin kasar Canada tare da Ibrahim a wani rangadi na jawabi domin fadakar da mutane irin ta'asar yaki da take hakkin mata da ake yi a Sudan.  Ta sanar da jaridar *Katolika ta New Times* na Toronto cewa ana sayar da yara da mata cikin bauta a kan dala 35. 

A shekarar 1998, Achieng ta sami BA a fannin ilimin zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Katolika ta Gabashin Afirka a Nairobi. Ta kuma halarci gidauniyar Mindolo Ecumenical Foundation-Cibiyar Pan Africa da ke Kitwe inda ta sami takardar difloma a Jagorancin Mata.

Bayan rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya mai ma'ana, Achieng da kungiyar zaman lafiya ta mata ta Kudancin Sudan sun gudanar da horo don wayar da kan mata kan tasirin tsarin mulkin wucin gadi. 

A matsayin jami'in agajin Katolika na gina zaman lafiya, Achieng ta karfafa aikin hanyar zuwa zaman lafiya wanda ya fara a watan Mayu 2007. Aikin abinci da aiki ya ƙunshi gina hanya tsakanin Ikotos da Imatong.  Ta kuma kasance tare da shirin Cibiyar Adalci da Zaman Lafiya a Sudan. 

## Sana'ar siyasa
Achieng ta zama 'yar majalisa daga Sudan ta Kudu mai wakiltar Gabashin Equatoria.  Ita ma mamba ce a kungiyar raya kasashe ta gabacin Afirka. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Achieng Kirista ce kuma tana da ’ya’ya biyu na haihuwa da kuma dan riko. 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Anisia Achieng  a Open Democracy
Yaren Tso

**Tso** (Tsóbó, Lotsu, Cibbo) ɗaya ne daga cikin harsunan Savanna na gabashin Najeriya .

## Yaruka
An san yaren da *nyi tsó*, yayin da ake kiran mutanen da *Tsobo* [tsó-bó]. Ƙungiyoyin ƙabilancin sune, 

* Bərbou
* Swaabou
* Gusobu

Wani sashe na Gusobu shima yana iya zama a unguwar Luzoo.

Kowace ƙungiyar ƙabila tana magana da yaren Tso daban-daban. Rahotannin sun nuna cewa Swaabou da Gusobu sun samu matsala wajen fahimtar juna. Bambance-bambancen lexical na wani bangare ne saboda 

al'adar tabo . 

## Manazarta
Manasseh Mathiang

**Manasseh Mathiang,** mawaƙin Sudan ta Kudu ne kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam. Bayan da ya yi rayuwa a matsayin mawaki na shekaru da yawa, a shekarar 2021 an kore shi daga Sudan ta Kudu saboda sukar gwamnati. A mayar da martani, ya fara amfani da waƙarsa don kawai inganta fafutuka kuma, tare da sauran masu fasaha na Sudan ta Kudu da ke gudun hijira, suka kafa *Antaban*, ma'ana "Na gaji" a cikin Larabci. Saboda sukar da ya yi wa gwamnati, Mathiang ya kasance mai gudun hijira kuma galibi ana tilasta masa guduwa. A halin yanzu yana aiki daga Nairobi, Kenya inda yake aiki a matsayin babban darakta na *Hagiga Ltd*, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke da nufin inganta 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki ta hanyar fasaha.       

## Manazarta
Babangida Hussaini

**Babangida Hussaini** ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne. A yanzu haka yana zama Sanata mai wakiltar Jigawa ta arewa maso yamma a jihar Jigawa a ƙarƙashin inuwar jam'iyyar APC.   

## Manazarta
Suzanne Jambo

**Suzanne Jambo** 'yar siyasan Sudan ta Kudu ce, lauya, kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama.

## Ilimi
Suzanne Jambo ta sami digiri a fannin shari'a a Jami'ar Buckingham, United Kingdom. 

## Sana'a da siyasa
Jambo ta kasance mai fafutukar fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan dan Adam a Sudan ta Kudu (da kudancin Sudan kafin hakan) tsawon shekaru. Ta kasance mai shiga tsakani a cikin shirin zaman lafiya na kungiyar raya kasa tsakanin shekarun 1998 da 2005, wanda ya haifar da rattaba hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Zaman Lafiya ta Kasa a shekarar 2005, wanda ya kawo karshen yakin basasa na shekaru 21.  Ta yi aiki tare da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da yawa a kudancin Sudan don inganta harkokin gudanar da mulki, inganci da girmansu. Ta kasance musamman a cikin kungiyoyin da ke neman kare haƙƙin mata.  A shekarar 2001, ta rubuta littafin *Cin nasara da rikice-rikicen jinsi da son rai: shari'ar mata da 'yan mata na New Sudan.*  

Ta kafa wata kungiya mai suna New Sudanese Indigenous Network (NESI), kungiyar da za ta hada kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu 20 na Sudan don yin aiki kan batutuwan da suka shafi bai daya kamar 'yancin mata, sake gina bayan rikice-rikice, 'yancin dan adam da dimokuradiyya.  A shekarar 2007 NESI tana aiki da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu guda 67 a yankin.  An nada Jambo a matsayin kwamishinan hukumar tsara dokokin Sudan ta Kudu wanda ya tsara kundin tsarin mulkin Sudan ta Kudu na shekarar  2011. 

Tsawon shekaru takwas, Jambo ta kasance babbar mai bada shawara a shugaban Sudan ta Kudu mai ci Salva Kiir Mayardit.  Wannan tsohon shugaban kasar Mayardit har zuwa lokacinsa da kungiyar SPLM ta Sudan inda Jambo ta zama sakatariyar hulda da kasashen waje daga akalla a shekarar 2010.  Ita ce mace ta farko da ta zama sakatariya.  Ta yi aiki irin wannan har zuwa akalla 2013 lokacin da ta yi korafin cewa akwai masu ba da shawara daga kungiyoyin kasa da kasa da yawa a gwamnatin Sudan ta Kudu. 

Ta kuma nuna rashin amincewa da Mayardit kan nadin surukinsa, Gregory Deng Kuac Aduol, a matsayin gwamnan jihar Gogrial maimakon gudanar da zabe. Don haka Jambo ta zama abokiyar adawar shugaban kasa a siyasance.  A watan Oktoban shekarar 2017, ta bayyana aniyarta ta tsayawa takarar shugabancin kasar a babban zaben Sudan ta Kudu na shekarar 2018. Jambo ita ce mace ta farko da ta tsaya takarar shugabancin kasar a Sudan ta Kudu.  

## Nassoshi
John Mustapha Kutiyote

**John Mustapha Kutiyote** shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma babban darektan kungiyar dalibai da 'yanci da kasuwanci, cibiyar tunani da nufin inganta 'yanci, zaman lafiya da wadata a Sudan ta Kudu.

An haifi Kutiyote a cikin watan Disamba a shekarar 1982 a Yammacin Equatoria Jihar Yambio, Sudan ta Kudu. Ya lashe lambar yabo ta 2019 Africa Shark Tank Award da Atlas Network saboda ra'ayinsa na kasuwanci ga matan Sudan ta Kudu su mallaki kadarori. Ƙungiya ta Kutiyote tana ba da horo na kasuwanci, laccoci, da tarurrukan tarurrukan ilimi don haɓaka 'yanci da ciniki kyauta. A shekarar 2022, kungiyarsa ta fara shirin horas da masu ruwa da tsaki domin ilimantar da daidaikun masu rike da madafun iko don kare hakkin mata na mallakar dukiya.   

## Tarihi
## Ayyukan Yi
Kutiyote ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa SOLE, wata cibiyar tunani da aka yi rajista da ke Yammacin Equatoria, wadda ke da burin inganta al'umma 'yantacciya, mai zaman lafiya da wadata ta hanyar ilimin ɗan ƙasa, shirye-shiryen ƙarfafa harkar kasuwanci, da kuma wayar da kai.

A watan Agustan 2019, ya lashe lambar yabo ta Africa Think Tank Shark Tank da kungiyar Atlas Network ke bayarwa, inda ya samu dala $5,000 domin wani aiki na wayar da kan jama'a game da wariyar al'ada da ke hana mata 'yancin mallakar dukiya a Kudu Sudan. An yi amfani da kudaden wajen shirya tarukan bita, tarukan al'umma, da kuma shirye-shiryen rediyo a wurare kamar Yambio da Nzara. A ƙarshen shekarar 2019, SOLE ta samu damar kaiwa kusan mata 350 ta hanyar bitoci, tare da ɗimbin wasu ta hanyar yaɗa shirye-shiryen wayar da kai domin ƙarfafa fahimtar doka da bunƙasa tattalin arziki.

A ƙarƙashin jagorancin Kutiyote, SOLE ta ƙaddamar da wani Shirin Horas da Masu Ruwa da Tsaki a shekarar 2022, wanda ya mayar da hankali wajen ilmantar da masu rike da madafun iko game da 'yancin mata na mallakar dukiya. SOLE ta kuma aiwatar da shirye-shiryen ilimi da suka haɗa da shirye-shiryen rediyo da karatun littattafai cikin al'umma, inda aka yi amfani da littafi kamar *The Adventures of Jonathan Gullible* domin koyar da ka'idojin kasuwa mai 'yanci da ƙwarewar kasuwanci.

Haka kuma, Kutiyote ya kasance memba a kwamitin jagoranci na Bastiat Society (wadda ke da alaƙa da American Institute for Economic Research) reshen Kudu Sudan, sannan ya rike mukaman da suka shafi daidaitawa a kungiyoyin Students for Liberty da Foundation for Economic Education. Ya kuma halarci kokarin wanzar da zaman lafiya na duniya tare da Mediators Beyond Borders International a Kudu Sudan.

## Manazarta
Mohammed Ahmed Abdallah

**Mohammed Ahmed Abdallah** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1953)  likitan Sudan ne kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Dan kabilar Fur, ya fito ne daga tsaunin Marrah da ke tsakiyar Darfur. Tun yana yaro, ya yi tafiyar kwana uku don isa makarantarsa ta tsakiya, kwana biyar ya kai ga makarantar sakandare.  Sannan ya halarci makarantar likitanci a Jami'ar Khartoum, inda ya kammala a shekarar 1976.  Shi ne Likitan farko daga yankinsa, daga baya ya gina cibiyar sadarwa a duk fadin Darfur don ba da rahoton fyade da sauran tashin hankali.  Ya zama farfesa a fannin likitanci a Jami'ar Al Fashir ta Darfur kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan Cibiyar Kula da Jiyya da Gyaran Jama'a ta Amel a Darfur a lokacin yakin Darfur. 

Abdallah ya kasance wakilin zaman lafiya tsakanin kabilun Darfur 33, a shekarar 1989. A farkon rikicin Darfur a shekara ta 2003, ya sake zama wakilin zaman lafiya. 

A shekarar 2007, an ba shi lambar yabo ta 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Robert F. Kennedy saboda kasancewa mai tsayin daka a kokarinsa na gyara rikicin 'yancin dan adam na yankin ta hanyar yiwa wadanda aka azabtar da su hidima da kuma samar da jagoranci a cikin yunkurin samar da zaman lafiya."  Kyautar ta zo ne da kyautar tsabar kuɗi dalar Amurka 35,000, da kuma haɗin gwiwa na shekaru biyar da ƙungiyar Likitoci don kare hakkin ɗan adam da ke Amurka.  Da yake karbar kyautar Abdallah ya bayyana burinsa na yin aiki ba kawai a matsayin likita ba, har ma da hakim (kalmar likita ta Larabci):Aikin Hakimi ba wai kawai ya kula da marasa lafiya ba ne, amma don kare al'ummarsa. . . A Darfur, aikina ba na likita ba ne kawai, amma wanda dole ne ya yi aiki don kare al'umma, kare hakkin bil'adama na jama'ar Darfur da kuma samar da zaman lafiya. A shekara ta 2009, Abdallah ya soki manufofin shugaban Amurka Barack Obama game da Sudan, yana mai cewa duk da halin da ake ciki a Darfur yana kara ta'azzara, amma har yanzu gwamnatin Amurka ba ta da wata manufa mai ma'ana ga yankin. Ahmad ya kara da cewa, tsarin yankin da ya hada da Chadi, Masar, Libya, da Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, ita ce hanya daya tilo da za a bi domin warware rikicin da ke faruwa cikin dogon lokaci. 

## Manazarta
Abuja Securities and Modities Exchange

**Kasuwancin Kayayyakin Kayayyaki na Najeriya** (NCX) (kasuwar hannayen jari ta Najeriya) ɗaya ce daga cikin manyan musayar hannayen jari guda biyu a Najeriya. Tana cikin Abuja, babban birnin kasar, kuma an kafa ta a shekarar 1998.

NCX tana da hannu da farko tare da cinikin kayayyaki kamar masara, dawa da gero, sabanin ciniki a cikin kayyaki kamar shaidu da hannun jari na kamfani.

Kungiyar Kasuwar Kayayyakin ta Najeriya ta kammala shirye-shiryen kafa tsarin bayanan kasuwa ga kasuwannin kayayyaki 12 a kasar. Shugabar Hukumar NCX, Mrs. Zaheera Babaari ta ce nan da ‘yan watanni masu zuwa za a sake fasalin tsarin bayanan kasuwa na manyan kasuwanni 12 a jihohi 36 kuma hakan zai baiwa mutane damar samun bayanai kan farashin kayayyaki da kuma samar da amfanin gona. 

## Duba kuma

* Tattalin arzikin Najeriya
* Jerin musayar hannayen jari na Afirka

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* ASCE - Abuja Securities and Commodities Exchange website
* Commodity price listings
Hazel Lavery

**Hazel Lavery** (14 ga Maris, 1880 - 1 ga Janairu, 1935) mai zane ne kuma mata ta biyu na mai zanen hoto Sir John Lavery .

Hotonsa yana bayyana akan takardun banki na Irish don yawancin karni na XX 

## Matasa
An haife ta a Birnin Chicago a ranar sha huɗu  ga watan Maris, a shekara ta dubu daya da dari takwas da tamanin , Hazel Martyn diyar Edward Jenner Martyn ce, hamshakin attajiri na zuriyar Irish . Asusun na zamani yana nufin matashiya Hazel Martyn a matsayin " mafi kyawun yarinya a tsakiyar yamma »  . Hazel tana da 'yar'uwa, Dorothea "Dorothy" Hope Martyn (a shekara ta dubu daya da dari takwas da tamanin da bakwai_ziwa shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da goma sha daya), wanda ke da sha'awar wasan kwaikwayo. Dorothy ta mutu a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da goma sha daya ta na da shekaru ashirin da uku, tana shan wahala daga anorexia nervosa . ; mutuwarta  ce ta sa Hazel ya bar Amurka.

## Rayuwar ta ta  sirri

A cikin shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da uku ta auri Edward Livingston Trudeau Jr, ɗan Edward Livingston Trudeau, likita wanda ya haɓaka maganin tarin fuka. Trudeau, shi kansa likita, ya mutu bayan watanni  . Suna da ɗiya, Alice, an haifi goma ga watan Oktoba   .

Yayin da har yanzu ta yi aure da Trudeau, ta sadu da John Lavery, mai zanen Katolika daga Belfast  Mijinta ya mutu ba da daɗewa ba kuma a cikin 1909 ita da Lavery sun yi aure. Daga baya, ta zama mafi yawan samfurin Lavery.

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya, John Lavery ya zama ɗan wasan fasaha na gwamnatin Biritaniya . A cikin shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da goma sha takwas ya sami knighthood kuma Hazel Lavery ya zama Lady  .

Laverys sun ba da rancen gida mai kyau a fahimta Cromwell Place a Kudancin Kensington ga tawagar Irish karkashin jagorancin Michael Collins yayin tattaunawar Anglo-Irish Treaty a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da ashirin da daya

Bayan mutuwarsa a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da talatin da biyar a London, an yi jana'izarsa a Brompton Oratory, Knightsbridge . An binne ta tare da mijinta a makabartar Putney Vale. A Ireland, an  taron tunawa da ita bisa ga bukatar gwamnati .

### Bayanan banki na Irish
Bayan Yarjejeniyar Anglo-Irish, gwamnatin Irish Free State ta gayyaci Lavery don ƙirƙirar hoton mace ta Ireland don sababbin takardun banki na Irish. Irin wannan mutumci yana tunawa da haruffa daga tsohuwar tarihin Irish, kuma mata irin su *Dark Rosaleen na* James Clarence Mangan da *Cathleen Ní Houlihan ta* W. B. Yeats sun misalta a cikin ƙarnukan baya.

Wannan siffa ta Ireland da aka tsara ta Lady Lavery kuma mijinta ya zana an sake buga shi akan takardun banki na Irish daga 1928 har zuwa 1970s. Sannan ya bayyana azaman alamar ruwa akan jerin B da C banknotes har sai an maye gurbin na ƙarshe da Yuro a 2002.

## Manazarta
IROKO Partners

**iROKO Partners** kamfani ne na rarraba kafofin watsa labarai na kan layi wanda ya mayar da hankali kan Masana'antar Nishaɗi ta Najeriya.  An kafa kamfanin a cikin watan Satumba 2010 kuma yana da hedikwata a Legas, tare da reshe a London, United Kingdom. Kamfanin yana karkashin jagorancin wadanda suka kafa shi Jason Njoku (Shugaba) da Bastian Gotter tare da babban mai saka hannun jari Nazar Yasin. iROKO Partners yana ba da samfuran kafofin watsa labaru iri-iri ciki har da gidan yanar gizon sa na fina-finai mai suna iROKOtv wanda aka mayar da hankali kan shirye-shiryen Fim na Nollywood, da kuma 'iROKING', dandamalin yada kiɗan Najeriya.  Sauran samfuran gidan yanar gizo sune iROKtv, NollywoodLove da YorubaLove waɗanda ke aiki akan dandalin bidiyo na YouTube. 

## Tarihi
Jason Njoku da Bastian Gotter ne suka kafa iROKO Partners a shekarar 2010 a London, Ingila.  Ra'ayin ya samo asali ne daga yawan buƙatun fina-finan Nollywood da sauri. Abokan huldar iROKO da farko sun yi niyyar kawar da yanar gizo da kuma masana’antu daga dimbin satar fasaha da ke gurgunta harkar; da zarar kafuwar, kungiyar ta haifi Nollywoodlove da Yorubalove, wanda ya sami babban rabo na ra'ayoyin YouTube na gida a shekarar 2011.  Watanni hudu da fara kasuwancinsa, Njoku ya sayi haƙƙin kan layi na fina-finai 500 daga gidajen shirya mutum 100 daban-daban. 

Kamfanin shine babban mai ba da lasisi a duniya kuma babban mai rarraba fina-finan Nollywood (na Ingilishi da Yarbanci) akan layi.  Tiger Global, wani asusun shinge wanda wani mai saka hannun jari na farko ke gudanarwa a Facebook da Zynga, ya kashe $ 8.&nbsp;miliyan a cikin kamfanin.  iROKO Partners yanzu shine kamfanin intanet mafi girma cikin sauri a Najeriya kuma a halin yanzu shine babban abokin tarayya na YouTube na Afirka tare da yarjejeniyar rarrabawa da Dailymotion, iTunes, Amazon da Vimeo. 

## IROKING
**IROKING** sabis ne na yawo na kiɗan Najeriya kyauta wanda ke ba da yawo na zaɓaɓɓun kiɗan daga nau'ikan lakabi da masu fasaha na Afirka.  An kaddamar da dandalin yanar gizon sa a watan Disamba 2011 ta iROKO Partners.  Ana iya yin lilon kiɗa ta hanyar bincike kai tsaye, mai fasaha, kundi da lissafin waƙa. Ana iya samun tsarin a halin yanzu ta amfani da Microsoft Windows da Mac OS X. 

### Aikace-aikacen wayar hannu
IROKING kuma ta kaddamar da aikace-aikacen wayar hannu don aikace-aikacen kiɗan ta akan wayoyin hannu na iOS, Android, Windows da Symbian (Nokia).   Aikace-aikacen yana ba da damar zuwa dubun sabbin waƙoƙin Najeriya da jera waƙoƙi ta hanyar Wi-Fi ko 3G. 

Siffofin aikace-aikacen wayar hannu na iROKING sun haɗa da:

* Wakokin da aka fi so
* Ƙirƙiri lissafin waƙa kuma raba su ta Twitter ko Facebook
* Haɗin ayyukan 'offline' (masu amfani za su iya sauraron waƙoƙin da aka fi so a layi) 

## Manazarta
Stella Bloch

**Stella Bloch** (an haifi sha bakwai. Disamba shekara ta dubu daya da dari takwas da casa'in da bakwai.  a Tarnów, Austria-Hungary ; † 10 Janairu 1999 a Bethel, Connecticut ) ɗan jaridar Ba'amurkiyane, marubuci, mai zane da tarihin rawa.

## matasa da ilimi
Stella Bloch diyar Charlotte Bloch ce, Ba’amurkiya da ta yi hijira zuwa Amurka daga Galicia. A ranar haihuwar danta, ta koma ƙasarsu.   Charlotte Bloch uwa ce mara aure kuma ta juya ga 'yar'uwarta da ɗan'uwanta, waɗanda ke zaune a New York, don taimako. Su biyun sun gudanar da sanannen kantin sayar da tela na *Heller & Offner* ; Charlotte Bloch da yarta sun ƙaura zuwa gidan da ke sama da shagon ’yar’uwar. Stella Bloch kanta daga baya ta dangana nasarar nasarar aikinta na fasaha da yanayi mai kyau da kuzari a cikin danginta, da dai sauransu.  

Yayinda take matashi, Bloch ya fara horar da raye-raye tare da Isadora Duncan kuma yana cikin ƙungiyar *Isadorables* ; Ita ma tana sha'awar rawan Sipaniya. Ta kuma ɗauki azuzuwan fasaha tare da Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta New York . Ta fi son zana wuraren rawa da raye-raye, ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida .

## Auren farko da dangantaka da Asiya
A cikin shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da ashirin da biyu, Bloch ya auri Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy, mai kula da fasahar Indiya da Musulmi a Gidan Tarihi na Fine Arts a Boston, yana da shekaru 20 da haihuwa; Auren Coomaraswamy ne na uku. Coomaraswamy ta fara saninta a cikin shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da goma sha bakwai ta zanen Bloch.  Lokacin da suka san juna da kansu, soyayya ta taso, wanda mahaifiyar Charlotte Bloch da farko ta yi ƙoƙari ta hana. A ƙarƙashin rinjayar Coomaraswamy da wallafe-wallafensa masu yawa, Stella Bloch ya juya zuwa addinin Buddha . Ma'auratan sun yi tafiya zuwa Gabas mai Nisa, inda Bloch ya yi nazarin raye-raye a Bali, Cambodia, Jamhuriyar China, Indiya, Japan da Java . A wannan lokacin ta shafe shekara guda a fadar Sarkin Musulmin Solo domin koyon rawan Javanese karkashin jagorancin mai kula da rawa. Ta rubuta kayayyaki da raye-rayen al'adu daban-daban a cikin zane-zane.

Bayan dawowarta daga Asiya, Stella Bloch ta koyar da raye-rayen Javanese a Boston da New York kuma ta ba da laccoci kan rayuwa a can, daga baya ta bude nata dakin rawa. Ta rubuta labarai don mujallu kuma an nuna ta a jaridu da mujallu. A cikin shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da ashirin da biyu ta buga littafin *Rawa da Drama Gabas da Yamma*, wanda ya bambanta wasan kwaikwayo na Gabas da Yamma kuma ya haɗa da wasu zane-zane. An sake fitar da shi sau da yawa, kwanan nan a cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da tara

A cikin shekara ta dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da talatin an sake ta daga Coomaraswamy.
Ira Jan

**Ira Jan** (Rashanci:И́ра Ян) shine sunan mai zane kuma marubuci **Esther Yoselevitch Slepyan** (  Иосиле́вич Слепя́n;2 Fabrairu 1869 - 24 Afrilu 1919),ko da yake ita ce mace mai suna Halik Naim.na commune a Bezalel kuma daga cikin wadanda suka kafa Gymnasia Rehavia.

## Relationship with Bialik
Daga shekarun 1980s,binciken ilimi ya bankado ruɗewar yanar gizo na soyayyar Bialik da Ira Jan.Tare da pogrom a baya,Jan ta ƙaunaci mawaƙin,ta bar mijinta da imani na farko,kuma ta yi hijira zuwa Ƙasar Isra'ila.

Bialik ya yi aure,amma ya damu da gaskiyar cewa ba su da haihuwa,kuma a fili yana sha'awar mai zane.Wasu malaman,ciki har da Ziva Shamir da Hillel Barzel,sun yi imanin cewa aƙalla biyu daga cikin waƙar Bialik,"Kana Barin Ni" (״הולכת א מעמי״) da "Zuwa Asirin Hanyarka" (״לנתיבך הנעלם),an sadaukar da su ga Jan..

Da alama Bialik ya boye soyayyarsa gareta saboda tsoron kada sunansa,ya yanke duk wata alaka da ita bayan ta tafi kasar Isra'ila,kuma ya tafi kasar Isra'ila da kansa bayan ta mutu.Sai a cikin 1972 wasu malamai suka bayyana wasu wasiƙun da suka bayyana babban sirrin Bialik,waɗanda Moshe Ungerfeld, shugaba na biyu na Bialik House ya ɓoye.Ƙarfafa Ungerfeld,shi ma,yana kare sunan Bialik.An sami ƙarin abubuwan da suka danganci bayan mutuwar Ungerfeld a 1983.

Ziva Shamir believes that a large portion of Bialik's works were directly inspired by his relationship with Jan, that, in her opinion, were the central love affair of his life.

## Kara karantawa
Littattafan da aka jera a ƙasa suna cikin Ibrananci.

* Rachel Yanait Ben Zvi, Iran Jan; Tel Aviv: Mawallafin Neuman, 1965 (albam na fasaha)
* Nurit Govrin, "Mace Kadai: Mai Zane Ira Jan a matsayin Mai Bayar da Labari na Isra'ila", a cikin "Zuma Daga Dutsen: Nazarin Adabin Eretz Isra'ila", Ma'aikatar Tsaron Labarai, 1989, shafi.&nbsp;354-407.
* Ziva Shamir, "Zuwa Hanyar Asirinku: Hanyar Ira Jan Al'amarin a Ayyukan Bialik" (Haim Cohen ya gyara), Tel Aviv, Hakibbutz Hameuchad, 2000
* Eda Zoritte, "Soyayyar Rayuwa: Mummunan Ƙaunar Mai Zane Ira Jan zuwa Haim Nahman Bialik", Jerusalem, Keter, 2000
* Ruth Baki Kolodny, "Ka ɗauke ni ƙarƙashin Wingka: Tafiya a cikin Waƙoƙin Ira Jan" (Wasiƙun da Peter Kriksonov suka fassara daga Rashanci, Viktor Radutsky da Aharon Ormian), Tel Aviv, Hakibbutz Hameuchad, 2003 (biography)
* Shlomo Shva, "Ya mai gani, tafi: Haim Nahman Bialik's Life Story", Dvir, 1990 (biography)
Farm Pride

**Farm Pride** wata kamfani ce ta Najeriya wacce ke samar da sabbin kayan marmari da yoghurt. Kamfanin yana Kaduna ne a jihar Kaduna.  Farm Pride mallakar Niyya Farms, wani kamfani ne na masana'antun noma, wanda ya mallaki wurin sarrafa, gonar kiwo, gonakin noma da filayen noma. 

## Dubawa
Farm Pride yana alfahari da samar da abubuwan sha daga 'ya'yan itatuwa na halitta sabanin abubuwan tattarawa. Sunan Farm Pride, yana nufin gaskiyar cewa kamfanin yana amfani da na halitta, 'ya'yan itatuwa da aka noma don sabon layin ruwan 'ya'yan itace.  Ana noman 'ya'yan itacen ne a wani fili mai fadin hekta 3,000 a Kaduna. 

A shekarar 2015, Farm Pride ta sanar da cewa za ta fara sayar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace ga kamfanonin ruwan 'ya'yan itace a Najeriya. 

## samuwa
Farm Pride Juice ana samunsa galibi a manyan shaguna a fadin Najeriya. Ana samunsa a duk rassan Najeriya na Shoprite da Spar da kuma sauran manyan shagunan guda ɗaya.

### Jerin juices da yoghurts

* Orange juice 
* Guava juice 
* Mango juice 
* Tropical juice 
* Plain Yogurt 
* Sweetened Yogurt

## Manazarta
Adaba FM

**Adaba FM** (88.9&nbsp;MHz) gidan rediyo ne da ke Ilara-Mokin a karamar hukumar Ifedore a jihar Ondo, Najeriya. 

## Manazarta
The Boy Next Door (fim)

***The Boy Next Door*** fim ne na batsa na 2015 na Amurka wanda Rob Cohen ya ba da umarni kuma Barbara Curry ya rubutaTaurarin fim din Jennifer Lopez,Ryan Guzman,da Ian Nelson,tare da John Corbett da Kristin Chenoweth suna taka rawa a matsayin tallafi.Fim din ya biyo bayan wani matashi ne dan shekara 19 wanda bayan sun yi zaman dare daya tare da malaminsa na makarantar sakandare,ya shiga wani hali mai hatsari da rugujewar sha'awa da ita.

Barbara Curry,tsohuwar lauya mai laifi,ta rubuta wasan kwaikwayo na fim ɗin da aka yi wahayi daga abubuwan rayuwarta.Blumhouse Productions ya ba da kuɗi kuma ya samar da fim ɗin,wanda aka yi fim ɗin na kwanaki 23 a Los Angeles da sauran wurare a California a ƙarshen 2013.

An saki fim ɗin a Amurka a ranar 23 ga Janairu, 2015,ta Universal Pictures.*The Boy Next Door* ya samu gabaɗaya mara kyau daga masu sukar fim, waɗanda suka ji cewa ya yi alkawarin"ɗaukar sha'awa"amma bai isar da shi ba, duk da haka fim ɗin ya tara dala miliyan 53.4 akan kasafin kuɗi na dala miliyan 4 wanda ya sa ya sami nasara a ofishin.An sake shi akan Blu-ray da DVD a ranar 28 ga Afrilu,2015.

## Makirci
Claire daga baya ta ci abincin dare tare da Nuhu bayan haka, duk da juriya ta farko, sun raba dare na sha'awar jima'i. Washe gari, ta gaya masa cewa ta yi nadamar daren da suka yi tare, wanda hakan ya sa ya buga bango a fusace.

## Yin wasan kwaikwayo

### Yabo
Fim ɗin ya sami Lopez lambar yabo ta MTV Movie Award kuma ya ci nasara don Mafi kyawun Ayyukan Tsoro-As-Shit a Kyautar Fim na MTV na 2015.Daga baya Lopez ta sami karin yabo guda biyu saboda aikinta na 'yar wasan kwaikwayo kuma a matsayin mai shirya fim a Premios Juventud,wanda Univision ya watsa.Lopez ya sami lambar yabo ta Zaɓin Mutane don Fitacciyar Jarumar Fina-Finai, an zaɓi fim ɗin don Fim ɗin Favorite Thriller.Fim ɗin ya sami lambar yabo ta Golden Raspberry Award na Lopez a cikin mafi kyawun yar wasan kwaikwayo.

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* 
*
Shojo

shōjo manga (少女漫画?, lit. " ban dariya ga yarinya " ) nau'in edita ne na manga, kuma wani lokaci ana kiransa « jinsi , wanda ke kai hari ga mata, matasa ko matasa masu sauraro. Yana tare da  manga da  manga, ɗaya daga cikin manyan nau'ikan edita uku na manga . An kuma buga  manga a al'adance a cikin sadaukarwar mujallu na preprint manga, waɗanda zasu iya ƙware a cikin kewayon shekarun masu karatu ko nau'in labari.

Baya ga karatun da aka yi niyya, babu wani takamaiman ma'anar abin da  manga zai iya zama, amma akwai ƙa'idodin ado, na gani da na ba da labari da ke da alaƙa da shi waɗanda ke haɓaka kan lokaci, kodayake babu wanda ke keɓantacce ko tsari ga  . Hakazalika, mafi yawan nau'o'in labari ( almarar kimiyya, laifi , da dai sauransu ) an rufe su da nau'in, amma wasu sun fi wasu fice, kamar soyayya ko ban tsoro .

 manga ya samo asali ne a cikin al'adun , ga 'yan mata, na farkon rabin xx . karni, ko tare da adabi na , wasan kwaikwayo na bita na Takarazuka, ko kuma zane-zane na zane-zane. Don haka a cikin ƙuruciyarta a farkon rabin ƙarni, ta haɓaka sosai tun daga shekarun 1960 kuma ta zama ɗaya daga cikin ginshiƙan al'adun  . Haɓaka da bambance-bambancen wannan rukunin edita ya haifar da fitowar wasu nau'ikan da aka samo daga  manga, tare da **' na manyan mata, **' ta ta'allaka kan alaƙar luwaɗi da ** ta ta'allaka kan abubuwan ban sha'awa ga 'yan mata. da mata.

Kalmar Jafananci   za a iya fassara shi da sauri zuwa Turanci a matsayin kalmar « 'yar , duk da haka a cikin Jafananci ana naɗa yarinya da kalmar  , kuma da wuya ta kalmar   .  yana nufin ajin zamantakewa wanda ya bayyana a zamanin Meiji (shekara ta dubu daya da dari takwas da sittin da takwas zuwa shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da goma sha biyu) don cancantar 'yan mata da mata da ke tsakanin yara da aure, wanda ya shafi 'yan mata matasa da suka sami ilimi a cibiyoyin ilimi. sakandare a gefe guda, wanda ke da alaƙa da shi. hoto « na rashin laifi, tsarki da cuteness , da kuma 'yan matan , wadanda ba su da aure kuma sun fi son yin aiki, wanda ake danganta su da siffar sulfur  .

Bayan yakin duniya na biyu ra'ayin  ya kasance tana da alaƙa da hoton rashin laifi da mata marasa aure, amma yana ɗaukar ma'anar mabukaci mai ƙarfi tare da haɓaka nau'in tallace-tallace mai mahimmanci da aka sadaukar don  a cikin shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da tamanin. da shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da casa'in , yayin da yanayin  da , waɗanda ake kyautata zaton masu tada hankali ne kuma masu saurin lalata, suna maye gurbin  a cikin halayensu na sulfur  ,  ,  .
Francoise Mouly

**Françoise Mouly**, an haife ta a ashirin da hudu Oktoba shekara ta dubu daya da hamsin da biyar a birnin Paris, ɗan wasan Faransa ne kuma mawallafi, wanda ya kafa mujallar hoto ta Amurka *RAW* kuma darektan fasaha na mujallar al'adun Amurka *The New Yorker* tun shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da casa'in.

## Tarihin Rayuwar ta
Ta yi karatun gine-gine a École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts a Paris, wanda ta dakatar, ta sauka a Amurka . biyu ga Satumba, shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da saba'in da hudu , domin shekara ta sabati na tafiya a ƙasar. Bayan ta yi aiki a YMCA da Rundunar Ceto, ta koma cikin *ɗakin* da har yanzu take zaune a yau kuma ta rayu a wasu ayyuka marasa kyau. : mai sayar da sigari a cikin kiosk, mai zanen ƙirar gine-gine a cikin wata hukumar Japan, ƙwararriyar yar wasan kwaikwayo a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Richard Foreman ( *Pandering to the Masses* ). Ta hanyarsa, ta zama wani ɓangare na ƙananan jama'a na masu fasaha na gida, musamman masu shirya fina-finai. *Ta* san Art Spiegelman ta hanyar karanta , mujallar da ya buga. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai zanen gida. A cikin 1976, ta koma Paris, kafin ta koma Amurka kuma ta sami matsaloli tare da ayyukan shige da fice, ta warware godiyar aurenta  .

A cikin shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da saba'in da bakwai, ta kasance mai sana'a mai launi don Marvel Comics. ; tana horarwa a matsayin mai buga takardu a kwas din koyon sana'a.

Ta yi aure tun shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da saba'in da bakwai zuwa Art Spiegelman, marubucin *Maus* na Amurka. Dole ne ta tuba zuwa addinin Yahudanci don gamsar da Vladek,  .

Ta na zaune a New York tare da Spiegelman da 'ya'yansu biyu, Nadja (an haife shi a 1987) da Dashiell (an haife shi a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da casa'in da daya).

### Sana'ar ta
Daga shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da saba'in da bakwai zuwa shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da casa'in da ɗaya, lokacin da ta sayar da shi, ta buga da kuma gyara *Taswirar Soho da Tribeca Map da Jagora*, jagorar da aka samu ta hanyar shigar da talla. Ta kafa gidan wallafe-wallafen *Raw Books & Graphics* a cikin 1978, kuma ta fara buga abubuwa masu hoto iri-iri a ƙarshen waccan shekarar, tare da latsa *multilith* .
Okitipupa Oil Palm Plc

**Okitipupa Oil Palm Plc** wani kamfani ne mai sarrafa Oil Palm mai kula da gidajen oil palm a Kudancin Jihar Ondo tare da sarrafa danyen mai daga gonarsa. Gidajen kamfanin da ke kusa da garin Okitipupa a cikin Ilutitun, Ikoya, Irele, Iyansan, Igbotako da Apoi.

## Tarihi.
Gwamnatin yammacin Najeriya karkashin Adeyinka Adebayo ce ta kaddamar da wani aikin samar da albarkatun mai na Nucleus a matsayin hanyar bunkasa tattalin arzikin kananan garuruwa da yankunan karkara. An fara samar da wadannan gonakin oil palm tun daga shekarar 1969, kuma za a samar da karin gonaki a tsakanin shekarun 1975, zuwa 1983, da farko an shirya hada da hekta 6,000, na 'ya'yan oil palm da aka shuka da kuma kadada 4,000, da kananan manoma suka samar. Gwamnatin Jihar Yamma ne za ta dauki nauyin fadada aikin da kuma lamuni da yawa.  A shekarar 1974, an shigar da injin sarrafa mai a Okitipupa kuma a shekarar 1976, an haɗa kamfanin a matsayin kamfani mai iyaka. Duk da haka, matsalolin kuɗi sun hana faɗaɗa shirin da kuma rage sha'awar gwamnati a cikin aikin. 

An shigar da wani niƙa a shekarar 1993, a Ipoke. 

A shekarar 2001, bashi ya haifar da raguwar samarwa da ayyukan kuɗi ta kamfanin.  

## Manazarta.
Mesfin Tasew Bekele

**Mesfin Tasew Bekele** ɗan kasuwan Habasha ne, injiniyan lantarki da sadarwa, wanda ke aiki a matsayin babban jami'in gudanarwa na rukunin kamfanonin jiragen sama na Habasha, tun daga ranar 24 ga watan Maris 2022.  

Kafin haka, tsakanin shekarun 2021 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2022, Mesfin T. Bekele shi ne Shugaban Kamfanin Asky Airlines, wani kamfanin jirgin sama na Togo mai zaman kansa, wanda Kamfanin Jiragen Saman Habasha ya kasance abokin tarayya mai mahimmanci, yana da ikon mallakar kashi 40 cikin 100 kuma shine mafi girman hannun jari.   

## Tarihi da ilimi
Bekele dan kasar Habasha ne. Ya yi digirin farko na Kimiyya a Injin Lantarki, wanda ya samu a Jami'ar Addis Ababa. Digiri na biyu, wato Master of Science in Communication Engineering  Jami'ar Addis Ababa ma ta ba shi. Har ila yau, yana da digiri na biyu a fannin kasuwanci, wanda ya samu daga Open university Jami'ar, a Birtaniya.  

## Sana'a
Tsawon shekaru 11 tsakanin shekarun 2010 zuwa 2021, Bekele ya kasance babban jami'in gudanarwa (COO) na rukunin kamfanonin jiragen sama na Habasha, wacce ke da hedkwatar kungiyar a Addis Ababa, babban birnin Habasha. Bayan ya shiga aikin jirgin a shekarar 1984, ya yi ayyuka daban-daban da suka hada da aikin injiniyan jiragen sama, kula da kula da harkokin sufurin jiragen sama. Sauran wuraren sun hada da "sayan jiragen sama, ayyukan jirage da ci gaban dabarun".  

A matsayinsa na Shugaban Kamfanin Jiragen Sama na Habasha, zai jagoranci ma’aikata sama da 17,000, wanda zai maye gurbin Tewolde Gebremariam, tsohon Shugaba, wanda ya yi ritaya a ranar 23 ga watan Maris 2022, saboda dalilai na lafiya.  

## Duba kuma

* Girma Wake
* Tewolde Gebremariam

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Official Website of Ethiopian Airlines
Bulcha Demeksa

**Bulcha Demeksa** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1930 kuma ya mutu a ranar 6 ga Janairu, 2025) ɗan siyasa ne kuma ɗan kasuwa na Habasha. Shi ne wanda ya kafa jam'iyyar Oromo Federalist Democratic Movement (OFDM), daya daga cikin manyan jam'iyyun adawa na Habasha.

## Sana'a
A shekarar 1967 aka nada Bulcha a matsayin mataimakin ministan kudi kafin ya wakilci kasarsa a kwamitin bankin duniya. A shekara ta 1974, lokacin da juyin juya halin Habasha ya fara, ya bar Habasha, kuma gwamnatin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta dauke shi aiki. Bulcha ya yi ritaya a kasar Habasha a shekarar 1991, sannan a shekarar 1994 ya kirkiro bankin kasa da kasa na Awash wanda ya samu nasara. 

A farkon shekara ta 2005, Bulcha ya kafa kungiyar Oromo Federalist Democratic Movement (OFDM), wadda yake gani a matsayin jam'iyyar siyasa ba ta soja ba, a matsayin jam'iyyar siyasa a madadin Oromo Liberation Front mai dauke da makamai. 

Bulcha Demeksa ya kasance daya daga cikin masu adawa da gwamnatin marigayi Meles Zenawi kuma jagoran 'yan adawar da kafafen yada labarai na duniya ke magana akai. Tare da sauran jami'an adawa, ya taimaka wajen ƙirƙirar Medrek, babban kawancen adawa.

Bulcha ya yi murabus a matsayin shugaban jam’iyyar ta OFDM a karshen shekarar 2010 amma ya ci gaba da zama mai ba shugaban kasa shawara. Ficewar sa daga OFDM da kakkausar suka ga Firayim Minista Meles Zenawi da kuma kan zaben 2010 labari ne na yau da kullun akan jaridun Amharic da Turanci masu zaman kansu a kasar. A 2019 ya bayyana aniyarsa ta tsayawa takara a zaben 2020. 

## Kyauta
A karshen shekarar 2008, *Jimma Times*, ta buga wa Bulcha lakabin "Person of the Year" ta hanyar yanar gizo ta rusasshiyar jaridar Afan Oromo mai zaman kanta ta Yeroo. An zabe shi ne saboda aikin da ya yi a fannin kudi da kuma aikin da yake yi na kare hakkin dan Adam da dimokuradiyya da kuma mai fafutukar neman zaman lafiya tsakanin bangarori daban-daban na al'ummar Habasha masu fada da juna. 

## Manazarta
Muhammed Jah

**Muhammed Jah** hamshakin dan kasuwa ne kuma dan kasuwa dan kasar Gambia wanda ya shahara da zama kuma shugaban kamfanin QuantumNet Group, daya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin fasaha a Gambia.  Tun daga watan Yuni 2012, kamfanin ya kai kusan dalar Amurka miliyan 156.  An ba shi suna "Dan kasuwan Gambiya mafi kyawun shekara" (Gambian businessman of the Year) sau 3. 

## Ƙuruciya da ilimi
Jah yayi karatun addinin musulunci a kasar Saudiyya.  Bayan ya ci karo da harkar kwamfuta a farkon 90s, ya karanci Electronics da Sadarwa a Jami'ar Saliyo. 

## Kasuwanci
Ya kafa QuantemNet Group, a matsayin cibiyar horar da kwamfuta akan lamunin $16,000 daga wani kawu don siyan kwamfutoci da sauran kayan aiki.  An canza cibiyar suna zuwa Cibiyar Fasaha ta QuantumNet a shekarar 2006.  Kamfanin ya girma don sayar da kayan aiki kuma a matsayin mai rarrabawa ga kamfanonin fasaha na duniya. 

Ya haɓaka kasuwancin saka hannun jari a QCell kamfani na 3g na farko a Gambiya. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Jah ya makale ne tare da matarsa, Neneh Secka, da yara uku a Amurka sakamakon annobar COVID-19. 

Dan uwan Jah shine Dakta Abubacarr Jah. 

## Manazarta
Shoshanna Keats Jaskoll

**Shoshanna Keats Jaskoll** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1975) ɗan gwagwarmaya ne kuma marubuci ɗan Ba'amurke-Isra'ila wanda aikinsa ya mai da hankali kan yancin mata a cikin Yahudanci Orthodox da kuma ganin mata a cikin al'ummomin Orthodox na Isra'ila.

Keats Jaskoll an haife shi kuma ya girma a cikin garin Lakewood,New Jersey.  a cikin dangin Bayahude amma ba na Orthodox ba.Bayan yin hijira zuwa Isra'ila a shekara ta 2007,Keats Jaskoll ta sami hankalin jama'a ta hanyar kafa haɗin gwiwarta da jagorancin wata ƙungiyar mata ta Chochmat Nashim da rubuce-rubucenta a shafin labarai *na Times of Israel*.   Wani muhimmin batu da Keats Jaskoll ya inganta shi ne yaƙar ƴan tsatsauran ra'ayi a tsakanin wasu littattafan Yahudawa na Orthodox don ƙin buga duk wani abin gani na mata.

## Nassoshi