Colin Legum

**Colin Legum** (3 Janairu 1919 - 8 Yuni 2003) ɗan jaridar Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma marubuci kan siyasar Afirka. Shahararren marubuci, ya rubuta litattafai masu yawa kuma ya yi aiki don yawancin aikinsa a *The Observer* a Burtaniya. Ya kasance sanannen mai gwagwarmayar adawa da nuna wariyar launin fata  kuma ya yi aiki da yawa don yaɗa tarihin Afirka da al'amuran yau da kullum ga masu sauraro a Burtaniya.

## Tarihin Rayuwa

### Afirka ta Kudu, 1919–49
An haifi Colin Legum a ranar 3 ga watan Janairu 1919 a ƙauyen Kestell a cikin Jihar Orange Free, Afirka ta Kudu. Iyayensa sun kasance baƙi Lithuanian-Yahudawa waɗanda ke gudanar da ƙaramin otal. Wata ma’aikaciyar jinya ta Sotho ce ta rene shi kuma “bai ji daɗi ba sosai game da rashin adalcin da ake yi wa bakar fata na gida” da kuma talauci a tsakanin turawan yankin.  Ko da yake yana da ƙarfi sosai ga Afirka ta Kudu, ya kasance mai tausayi a siyasance ga Zionism. 

Legum ya yi karatu a Kestell's Retief High School. A cikin shekarar 1934 nan da nan bayan ya kammala yana da shekaru 15 ya tafi Johannesburg, inda ya sami aiki a matsayin ɗan ofis a *[[Sunday Express (Johannesburg)|Sunday Express]]*, inda yake da wakilin siyasa, a lokacin yana da shekara 19  Ya shiga Jam'iyyar Labour ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma ya zama editan jaridunta *[[Forward (South African newspaper)|na gaba]]* da *The Mineworker*, daga ƙarshe ya zama babban sakataren jam'iyyar. An zaɓe shi zuwa Majalisar Birnin Johannesburg a shekarar 1942 inda yake da alhakin gidaje.   Ya auri Eugenie (  Leon) a cikin shekarar 1941. 

### Ƙasar Ingila da ''Mai Sa ido'', 1949–91

Legum ya bar Afirka ta Kudu zuwa Burtaniya a shekarar 1949 yayin da sabuwar jam'iyyar FS Malan ta fara gina tsarin wariyar launin fata.  A London Legum ya sami matsayi mai daraja a *The Observer* ta hanyar sadarwar sirri tare da David Astor, editan sa, wanda, kamar Legum, ya yi adawa da manufofin Afirka ta Kudu.  Legum ya zama ɗaya daga cikin 'yan jaridar Burtaniya na farko da ke mayar da hankali musamman kan al'amuran Afirka kuma ya kasance tare da *The Observer* tsawon rayuwarsa, daga ƙarshe ya zama babban editan jaridar. 

A matsayinsa na ɗan jarida, Legum ya ci gaba da shiga cikin lamuran siyasar Afirka ta Kudu. Ya zama wani ɓangare na Ofishin Afirka da Michael Scott da Mary Benson ke gudanarwa, wanda ke fafutukar kawo sauyi a Afirka ta Kudu.  Tare da Scott da sauran masu fafutuka, ya haɗu da rubuta littafinsa na farko, *Attitude to Africa*, a cikin shekarar 1952.  Daga baya ya rubuta shahararrun ayyuka masu yawa a kan batutuwan Afirka na zamani a lokacin zamanin mulkin mallaka, gami da *Bala'in Kongo* (1961) da *Pan-Africanism: A Brief History* (1962). Ya zama abokai da manyan jagororin kishin ƙasa na Afirka, musamman Julius Nyerere, Seretse Khama, da kuma Oliver Tambo. 

Legum ya auri masaniyar tattalin arziki Margaret Legum (  Roberts) a cikin shekarar 1960 bayan mutuwar matarsa ta farko. Sun haɗa gwiwa da *Afirka ta Kudu: Crisis for West* (1964), wanda shine kira na farko na takunkumin tattalin arziki a kan wariyar launin fata ta Afirka ta Kudu.  An dakatar da shi daga Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1962 sannan daga baya daga Rhodesia.  Ya kafa *[[Africa Contemporary Record|tarihin zamani na Afirka]]* na shekara-shekara a cikin shekarar 1968.  Littafinsa na ƙarshe shine *Afirka Tun da Independence* (1991).

### Afirka ta Kudu, 1996-2003
Da rushewar mulkin nuna *wariyar launin fata*, Legum ya koma Afirka ta Kudu a cikin shekarar 1996 ya zauna a Kalk Bay, kusa da Cape Town. Ya sami digiri na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Rhodes da Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu.  A cikin shekarar 2002 ya kafa Dokta Colin Legum Development Trust don ba da tallafin karatu a makarantar sakandare ta Retief.  Ya mutu a ranar 8 ga watan Yuni 2003, yana da shekaru 84.

## Manazarta

### Littafi Mai Tsarki

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