Progressive Alliance na Laberiya

**Progressive Alliance of Liberia (PAL)** ƙungiya ce ta siyasa ta adawa da aka kafa a 1975 a Laberiya karkashin jagorancin ƙungiyar 'yan Liberiya ne daga Amurka da ɗaliban kasar. An shirya Kungiyar Ilimi ta Siyasa ta kungiyar, an shirya, kuma an ba da takaddun shaida ta hanyar sa hannun shugaban da ya kafa PAL, Gabriel Baccus Matthews. Mambobin Kungiyar Ilimi ta Siyasa ta matasa dalibai shida na Laberiya sune:

* Nathaniel O. Beh
* Thomas Z. Deyagbo
* Michael C.G. George
* Saywalah Kesselly
* Yesu Swaray

Ba a taɓa gano memba na shida ba.

Wannan kungiyar da ke Monrovia, PAL, a lokacin tana da alhakin kamfen ɗin ƙofa-ƙofa, da shirya taron buɗewa a cikin ƙasar da son rai, don shirye-shiryen wayar da kan jama'a ta siyasa a cikin yankuna ciki har da, New Kru Towns, Bozy's Quarter, Slipway, Westpoints, Airfield, Lakpahsu Sinkor da sauran yankuna a cikin dukan manyan biranen Monrovia. Har ila yau, kungiyar tana da babban mai tsarawa a yankunan metro, D. Kahn Carlor . Progressive Alliance Of Liberia ba jam'iyyar siyasa ba ce kamar yadda aka ambata a wasu bangarori; maimakon haka, ita ce kungiyar da ta kafa jam'iyyar Progressive People's Party (PPP) wacce ta haifar da mummunar yunkurin adawa a Laberiya a kan babbar tsohuwar jam'iyyar True Whig Party, a siyasar Laberiya. Kafin PAL kuma, daga baya, PPP Jam'iyyar True Whig ta kawar da mambobi da yawa na 'yan adawa ta hanyar zarge-zargen ƙarya na tayar da kayar baya wanda a mafi yawan lokuta, a hankali ya haifar da mutuwarsu ko ɗaurin kurkuku tare da azabtarwa na yau da kullun.

PAL ba kungiya ce ta Marxist ba, kuma ba ta da sha'awar zama ɗaya. Kungiyar ta yi amfani da tanadi da labarai a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Jamhuriyar Laberiya a duk ayyukanta na tsara rassan gida a wasu sassan kasar. Tana da Sakatare Janar, Mista Oscar J. Quah, a cikin gundumar Nimba, suna shirya kamar yadda aka yi a cikin yankunan Monrovia. Mista Quah ya ziyarci Ofishin Tsakiya na Monrovia akai-akai duk da cewa ya yi imanin cewa hanyoyin tattarawa na PAL za su kasance mafi aminci daga cikin Jamhuriyar. Ba kamar Shugaban Matthews ba, wanda ya yi imanin cewa Monrovia zai zama mafi kyau da kuma tashin hankali don farawa, an fahimci batun Sakatare Janar Quah sosai tunda hakika, GOP (German Party Whig) a lokacin, ba zai yarda da 'yan adawa ba, bai yi haka ba a baya, kuma ba ya nuna cewa zai yi.

Jam'iyyun adawa da ba su yarda da Whigs na Gaskiya ba ko falsafancinsa da ayyukansa (musamman wadanda ba su yi imani da "kamar yadda mutum ya ce, kamar yadda duk" ra'ayoyin da kuma cin hanci da rashawa mai yawa a cikin mulki don ƙarawa, an dauke su abokan gaba na Jamhuriyar, an zarge su da laifin tayar da kayar baya, an kama su kuma an ɗaure su.

## Rikicin shinkafa
A farkon watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1979, Ministan Noma na Liberia, Florence Chenoweth, ta ba da shawarar karuwar farashin shinkafa daga $ 22 a kowace jaka ta fam 100 zuwa $ 26. Chenoweth ya tabbatar da cewa karuwar za ta zama ƙarin motsawa ga manoman shinkafa su zauna a ƙasar kuma su samar da shinkafa a matsayin amfanin gona da amfanin gona, maimakon barin gonakin su don aiki a cikin birane ko a kan gonakin roba. Koyaya, abokan adawar siyasa sun soki shawarar a matsayin girman kai, suna nuna cewa Chenoweth da dangin Shugaba William Tolbert suna gudanar da manyan gonakin shinkafa kuma saboda haka za su sami riba mai kyau daga karuwar farashin da aka tsara.

Kungiyar Progressive Alliance of Liberia ta yi kira ga zanga-zangar lumana a Monrovia don nuna rashin amincewa da karuwar farashin da aka gabatar. A ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 1979, kimanin masu fafutuka 2,000 sun fara abin da aka shirya a matsayin tafiya ta zaman lafiya a kan Executive Mansion. Yunkurin zanga-zangar ya karu sosai lokacin da masu zanga-zambe suka haɗu da mutane sama da 10,000 "yan kasuwa na baya," wanda ya sa yunkurin ya zama rikici na rikici da hallaka. Yaduwar fashi na shagunan sayar da kayayyaki da wuraren ajiyar shinkafa sun biyo baya tare da lalacewar dukiyar masu zaman kansu da aka kiyasta sun wuce dala miliyan 40. Gwamnati ta kira sojoji don karfafa rundunonin 'yan sanda a babban birnin, wadanda yawan masu tayar da kayar baya ya mamaye su. A cikin sa'o'i 12 na tashin hankali a titunan birnin, akalla fararen hula 40 sun mutu, kuma fiye da 500 sun ji rauni. A shekara ta 2008, tsohon Janar Coordinator na Majalisar Ceto ta Jama'a, D. Kaine Carlo ya ba da shaida a gaban Hukumar Gaskiya da Sulhu ta Liberia cewa an kashe kusan mambobi 300 na PAL kadai a cikin murkushewar. An kama wasu daruruwan mutane.

## Sakamakon haka
Rikicin Rice ya lalata amincin Tolbert sosai. A watan Janairun 1980, Tolbert ya ba da izinin Progressive Alliance of Liberia ta zama Jam'iyyar Progressive People's Party (PPP) da aka yi rajista a hukumance. An kashe Tolbert kuma an hambarar da gwamnatinsa a ranar 12 ga Afrilu, 1980 a juyin mulkin soja karkashin jagorancin Master Sergeant Samuel Doe, kusan shekara guda bayan tashin hankali. Sergeant Doe ya ba da umarnin sakin kusan shugabannin PPP 50 da aka daure. Ya nada Gabriel Baccus Matthews a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Waje da Chea Cheapoo a matsayin Babban Lauyan. A shekara ta 1981, duk da haka, PPP ta fadi daga tagomashi tare da Doe, wanda ya zama mai mulkin kama karya. An sake tsara PPP da aka haramta a matsayin Jam'iyyar United People's Party (UPP). A cikin shekarun 1980s, Baccus Matthews yana da rawar da ya taka a matsayin babban dan siyasa na adawa a Laberiya. A cikin 1990 a karkashin Amos Sawyer a matsayin Shugaban rikon kwarya bayan mutuwar Doe, an sake nada shi a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Waje.

Dukansu Matthews (don Jam'iyyar United People's Party) da Cheapoo (don sake kafa Jam'iyyar Progressive People's) sun tsaya takarar Zaben shugaban kasa na 1997. Tsohon memba na PAL / PPP da UPP Sekou Conneh ya zama shugaban kungiyar 'yan tawaye ta Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD) a cikin 1999, wanda ya hada da wasu tsoffin magoya bayan Doe, kuma ya yi yakin basasa da Taylor har zuwa 2003. Conneh ya tsaya takara a matsayin dan takarar Jam'iyyar Progressive Democratic Party (PRODEM) a Zaben shugaban kasa na 2005.

## Manazarta