open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Dixie Deans

**John Kelly "Dixie" Deans** (30 Yuli 1946 - 9 Disamba 2025) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Scotland wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan gaba a cikin 1960s da 1970s, da farko don Motherwell da Celtic. Deans sun taka leda a wasanni biyu na kasa da kasa don Scotland, duka a cikin 1974. Babban mai zura kwallaye, Deans ana yiwa lakabi da "Dixie" don girmama Everton da dan wasan tsakiya na Ingila Dixie Dean.
=Farkon rayuwa=
An haifi John Kelly Deans a ranar 30 ga Yuli 1946 a Asibitin Thorn, wanda ke wajen Paisley a Johnstone, Scotland.Mahaifinsa, John, ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaci a masana'antar takarda. Ya mutu lokacin da Deans ke da shekaru 4 kacal. Mahaifiyarsa, Kathleen, ta yi ayyuka marasa kyau don tallafa masa da ƴan uwansa guda uku.
## Aikin kulob
Deans ya fara aikinsa tare da Neilston Juniors, kuma bayan gwaji tare da Albion Rovers ya shiga Motherwell a 1965 kuma ya shafe yanayi shida tare da gefen Fir Park.Ya rattaba hannu kan Celtic a yarjejeniyar £17,500 akan 31 Oktoba 1971.
Ya buga wa Celtic wasa har zuwa 1976, inda ya zira kwallaye 125 a wasanni 186da kafa rikodin zira kwallaye da yawa. Kwallaye shida da ya zura a cin kashi na Partick Thistle a kakar 1973–74 rikodin ne bayan yaƙi na wasa ɗaya; Golan Thistle shi ne golan Scotland Alan Rough.
A cikin 1976, an canza Deans zuwa Luton Town a cikin yarjejeniyar £ 20,000. Ya shafe wata guda a matsayin aro ga Carlisle United a cikin 1977 kuma ya taka leda a takaice tare da Shelbourne na League of Ireland (wasanni biyar na gasar, ba a raga) kafin ya koma Ostiraliya don buga wa Adelaide City wasa.Ya rattaba hannu kan kwangilar $25,000 kuma shine babban dan wasan da ya zira kwallaye 16 a farkon kakar 1977 National Soccer League kakar. Tare da kulob din ya kuma lashe Kofin NSL na 1979, inda ya doke St. George a wasan karshe da ci 3–2. Ya koma Scotland tare da Partick Thistle a cikin 1980, amma ya taka leda a wasannin sada zumunta kafin kakar wasa kafin ya yi ritaya.

## Manazarta
Raul Malo

**Raul Francisco Martínez-Malo Jr.** (Agusta 7, 1965 - Disamba 8, 2025) mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne, mawaƙiyi, mawaƙi kuma mai shirya rikodi. Shi ne duka jagoran mawaƙa kuma marubucin mawaƙa na ƙungiyar kiɗan ƙasa Mavericks, tare da rubuta yawancin waƙoƙin su, haka kuma Rick Trevino na 2003 guda "A cikin Mafarkina". Bayan watsewar Mavericks a farkon 2000s, Malo ya bi aikin solo.Ya kuma shiga daga 2001 a cikin babban rukuni na Los Super Seven. An sake kafa Mavericks a cikin 2012 kuma ya ci gaba da yawon shakatawa sosai. A cikin 2015, sun sami lambar yabo ta kiɗan Americana don duo/group na shekara.
## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Malo a Miami a cikin 1965, ga iyayen ƙaura na Cuban Raul Martinez Malo Sr. da Norma Martinez.Koyaya, don yawancin rayuwarsa na girma, Malo ya kasance a Nashville, Tennessee, inda ya rayu tun 1993.Malo dan asalin Sifen ne na uwa, saboda kakansa ya kasance ɗan gudun hijirar Mutanen Espanya zuwa Cuba wani lokaci kafin ƙaurawar iyali zuwa Florida.Shi da kansa ya kasance mai son kidan mutane kamar Elvis Presley da Hank Williams.
## Rayuwa ta sirri
Shekaru 34, Malo ya auri Betty, kuma ya haifi 'ya'ya uku; 'ya'yan Dino, Victor, da Max. A cikin Yuni 2024, Malo ya sanar da cewa an gano shi yana da ciwon daji.
A cikin Satumba 2025, ya soke sauran kwanakin rangadinsa saboda cutar kansa, wanda Malo ya yi ikirarin a shafinsa na Instagram ya kai matakin cutar leptomeningeal (LMD), don haka ya bazu zuwa kashin bayansa da kwakwalwarsa.
A lokacin fama da ciwon daji, Malo shima ya bar gidansa na Nashville ya zauna a Houston, inda ya sami magani a MD Anderson.
A ranar 7 ga Disamba, 2025, duk da haka, Betty Malo ta tabbatar a shafinta na Instagram cewa a yanzu ita da Raul sun karɓi wasiku daga cibiyar kasuwanci ta UPS a Nashville.
A ranar 4 ga Disamba, 2025, an kwantar da Malo a asibiti, kwana ɗaya kafin farkon dare biyu na nunin girmamawa, wanda shi da danginsa kuma aka shirya su halarta da farko, an shirya gudanar da shi don girmama shi a Nashville.

## Manazarta
Lorraine Botha

**Lorraine Juliette Botha** (2 ga Yulin 1965 - 31 ga Agusta 2022) 'yar siyasar Afirka ta Kudu ce. Wani memba na Democratic Alliance, ta kasance memba na Majalisar Dokokin Lardin Yammacin Cape daga 2014 har zuwa mutuwarta. Botha ta yi aiki a matsayin babban bulala na DA caucus daga Mayu 2022 har zuwa mutuwarta a watan Agusta 2022. Ta kasance shugabar kwamitin dindindin kan ilimi daga 2019 har zuwa 2022.

## Majalisar Dokokin Lardin Yammacin Cape
Botha memba ne na Jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance . A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2014, an zabe ta a Majalisar Dokokin Lardin Yammacin Cape .  Daga nan aka zabe ta shugabar sashen kwamitin firaministan.

A shekara ta 2016, an zabe ta shugabar kwamitin dindindin kan kiwon lafiya da ci gaban zamantakewa.  Bayan sake zaben ta a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2019, Botha ta zama shugabar kwamitin dindindin kan ilimi.

A ranar 12 ga Mayu 2022, an nada Botha a matsayin sabon shugaban jam'iyyar DA a majalisar dokokin lardin. Ta maye gurbin Mireille Wenger, wacce aka nada a majalisar ministocin lardin.

## Mutuwa
Botha ya kamu da ciwon zuciya kuma ya mutu bayan ya fadi kwatsam a ranar Laraba, 31 ga watan Agusta 2022, yayin da yake aiki, a cewar shugaban lardin DA Tertuis Simmers. Mijinta, Johan, ya mutu a watan Janairun 2021.

## Manazarta
Ngaire Blankenberg

**Ngaire Blankenberg** (born 1971 or 1972) is a Canadian-born South African museum designer, consultant, and administrator. She is a former director of the Smithsonian National Museum of African Art.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Iyayen Blankenberg 'yan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma an haife ta ne a Winnipeg, Manitoba .  Mahaifiyarta White ce kuma mahaifinta Coloured ne (kuma albino); sun koma Kanada saboda auren su na Launi fata ba bisa ka'ida ba ne a Afirka ta Kudu a wannan lokacin. Ta sami digiri na aikin jarida daga Jami'ar Carleton kuma ta yi aiki na shekaru 12 a talabijin da shirye-shirye, ciki har da shekara guda a matsayin mai daukar hoto a jerin fina-finai na CBC,  kafin ta koma Afirka ta Kudu don nazarin kafofin watsa labarai da al'adu, ta sami digiri na biyu daga Jami'iyyar Natal.   Ta koma Kanada kuma ta fara aiki a matsayin mai tsara gidan kayan gargajiya da kuma mai ba da shawara.

## Ayyukan gidan kayan gargajiya
Blankenberg ya yi aiki tare da National Gallery of Canada a Ottawa, Superblue Miami, gidan kayan gargajiya a Constitution Hill, Johannesburg, da Gidan Tarihi na Kanada don 'Yancin Dan Adam a Winnipeg .  An san ta da kwarewarta wajen bunkasa shirye-shiryen mulkin mallaka don cibiyoyin al'adu da kuma ci gaban ra'ayi da kuma shiga cikin jama'a.

Blankenberg ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara tare da kamfanin ƙirar Dutch Kossmann.dejong da kuma Lord Cultural Resources na Toronto, inda ta kasance babban mai ba da Shawara. A cikin 2016, tare da Lord co-kafa Gail Lord, ta hada Cities, Museums da Soft Power don American Alliance of Museums .  Ubangiji da Blankenberg sun yi jayayya cewa ya kamata a fadada manufar iko mai laushi daga bangaren siyasa don haɗawa da "rayuwar al'adu da birni".

Daga 2021 har zuwa 2023, ta kasance darakta na Gidan Tarihi na Afirka a Washington, DC. Lokacin da aka nada ta darakta a ranar 7 ga Yuli, 2021, ta sanar da burinta na "sake bayyanawa, warkarwa da sulhunta". A lokacin da take aiki, Blankenberg ta kasance jagora don dawowa da kayan tarihi a cikin tarin gidan kayan gargajiya,  kuma a cikin 2022 gidan kayan gargajiya ya dawo da tagulla 29 da aka sace zuwa Najeriya.  Blankenberg ta yi murabus daga matsayinta a ranar 31 ga Maris, 2023, tana mai ambaton "tsayayyar mutum da ma'aikata".

## Manazarta
Alexandra Beukes

**Alexandra Jennifer Beukes** 'yar siyasar Afirka ta Kudu ce wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na majalisar dokoki a Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa daga Yuni 2019 har zuwa Mayu 2024. Kafin ta yi aiki a Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa, ta kasance memba na Majalisar Dokokin Lardin Arewacin Cape kuma magajin Garin Khâi-Ma. Beukes memba ne na Majalisar Dattijai ta Afirka .

## Ayyukan siyasa
Beukes memba ne na Majalisar Dattijai ta Afirka . Kafin zaben ta a Majalisar Dokokin Lardin Arewacin Cape, Beukes ta yi aiki a matsayin magajin gari na Karamar Hukumar Khâi-Ma .  An zabe ta a majalisar dokoki ta lardin a Zaben lardin Afrilu 2009.  An sake zabar Beukes a matsayin MPL a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2014. 

A ranar 10 ga Mayu 2017, Firayim Minista Sylvia Lucas ta nada Beukes a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Zartarwa (MEC) na Sufuri, Tsaro da Hulɗa, wanda ya gaji Pauline Williams.  An rantsar da ita a matsayin MEC washegari. Saboda rashin amincewa daga ANC, Lucas ta soke shawarar da ta yanke a ranar 1 ga Yuni 2017.

## Ayyukan majalisa
Kafin Babban zaben Afirka ta Kudu na 2019 da aka gudanar a ranar 8 ga Mayu, an ba Beukes matsayi na 118 a cikin jerin 'yan takarar ANC.  Ba a zabe ta ba. Koyaya, Beukes ya shiga majalisa a ranar 12 ga Yuni 2019 a matsayin maye gurbin Siyabonga Cwele .  An ba ta ayyukan kwamitin daga baya a wannan watan.

Don Babban zaben Afirka ta Kudu na 2024, an ba Beukes matsayi na 185 a cikin jerin 'yan takarar ANC na kasa. Ba a sake zabar ta ba.

## Manazarta
Carol Beerwinkel

**Carol Frances Beerwinkel** 'yar siyasar Afirka ta Kudu ce wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Lardin Yammacin Cape daga Mayu 2009 har zuwa Mayu 2019. Beerwinkel memba ne na Majalisar Dattijai ta Afirka .

## Majalisar Dokokin Lardin Yammacin Cape
Beerwinkel memba ne na Majalisar Dattijai ta Afirka . An zabe ta a Majalisar Dokokin Lardin Yammacin Cape a Zaben 2009. Ta fara aiki a ranar 6 ga Mayu 2009.

An sake zabar Beerwinkel a karo na biyu a matsayin dan majalisa na lardin a zaben lardin na 2014.  Ta bar majalisar dokokin lardin a ranar 7 ga Mayu 2019, saboda ba a sanya ta a cikin jerin sunayen ANC don zaben lardin na wannan shekarar ba.

## Manazarta
Heinrich Afrilu

**Heinrich Giovanni Afrilu** (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 1980) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa daga 2019 har zuwa 2024. Afrilu memba ne na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka .

## Ayyukan siyasa
Afrilu memba ne na Majalisar Dattijai ta Afirka .  Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban reshen Paul Plaatjies na jam'iyyar, da kuma shugaban kungiyar matasa ta jam'iyyar a yankin Bavumile Vilakazi .  Ya kuma kasance mai ba da kuɗi na yankin Ekurhuleni kuma memba ne na karamin kwamiti.

## Ayyukan majalisa
An rantsar da Afrilu a matsayin memba na Baartman ya kasance mukaddashin alƙali a Kotun Koli ta Daukaka Kara daga Yuni 2015 zuwa Mayu 2016 kuma daga baya daga Disamba 2023 zuwa Maris 2024.  An sanya ta sau biyu kuma an yi mata tambayoyi don yiwuwar nadin dindindin a Kotun Koli, sau ɗaya a watan Afrilu na 2016 kuma (a wannan lokacin tare da goyon bayan tsohon mai shari'ar Kotun Tsarin Mulki Kate O'Regan) a watan Afrilun 2018.  A karo na farko, Shugaban Kotun Koli Lex Mpati ya gaya mata a lokacin hira da ta yi cewa sauran alƙalai na daukaka kara sun yi imanin cewa "tana buƙatar ƙarin gyare-gyare tare da ƙarin matsayi" kafin ta kasance a shirye ta yi aiki a kotun daukaka kara har abada; Hakanan, rashin ƙwarewarta a cikin rikitarwa na tsarin mulki ya kasance abin damuwa a cikin hira ta 2018. Hukumar Kula da Ayyuka ta Shari'a ba ta ba da shawarar ta don nadin a kowane lokaci ba.

Afrilu ba ta tsaya takara a sake zaben majalisar dokoki a Babban zaben 2024. 

## Manazarta
Ifesinachi Comedy Nwanyanwu

**Ifesinachi Comedy Nwanyanwu** (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1975) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne Na Najeriya, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, mawaki kuma mai fafutukar kare muhalli. An haife shi a Nsukka, Najeriya.

Shi ne mai kula da gidan 33  a Abuja kuma wanda ya kafa kuma babban darakta na ENACOF  wanda aka adana  . Ya himmatu ga inganta sharar gida a cikin ayyukan fasaha a kokarin inganta yanayin da ya dace.

Ifesinachi kuma mai kula da ɗakin karatu ne a Majalisar Burtaniya wacce Maker Library Network ta dauki nauyinta.

Wasu daga cikin ayyukansa da ake kashewa sun hada da: dasa bishiyoyi 5,000,  tsaftacewa da bita ga yara, da dai sauransu.

## Rayuwa ta farko

An haife shi a ranar 2 ga Yuni 1975 a Nsukka, Jihar Enugu, Najeriya inda ya fara shekarunsa na farko. Yana da B.Sc. a cikin Crop Production wanda ya samu daga Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka. Lokacin da ya zo Abuja a shekara ta 2000, ya gano, yadda ake buƙatar yin hakan a fagen fasaha a babban birnin Najeriya.

## Ayyuka

Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma babban darakta na Gidauniyar Kungiyar Kayan Kayan Kudancin Muhalli wanda aka adana (ENACOF), kuma mai kula da dandalin "Matsayi Daya" wanda ya samu nasarar shirya bugu 2 na One Environment Hybrid 2016  da 2017.  Ya haɗa da tarurruka na tebur da bita na fasaha don masu sana'a da yara waɗanda suka mai da hankali kan batutuwan muhalli da sauran ayyukan da yawa kamar tsaftacewa, bita don yara ko ayyukan dasa bishiyoyi. Shi ne co-kafa kuma mai kula da gidan zane-zane mai zaman kansa House 33,  tare da marubucin Beasts Of No Nation, Uzodinma Iweala.

## Kyaututtuka da ayyukan

Mai karɓar babbar lambar yabo ta Najeriya Dream Personality Award, kuma a halin yanzu mai kula da Gidan 33. An san shi da kasancewa mai narkewa mai ban sha'awa ga masu zane-zane da masu aikin al'adu a Abuja, Babban Birnin Najeriya. Har ila yau, shi ne Mai Gidan Gida na Maker a Cibiyar Gidajen Gidajen Burtaniya da ke tallafawa. An adana shi a ranar  

## Ayyuka

* Amfani da Hasken Wata
* Ɗaya daga cikin Hybrid na Muhalli An adana shi
* Gidan Gida na Muhalli 
* Radioacustica: rediyo na CzechRediyon Czech
* Trashion: Tufafi daga Dangote Bags
* Ƙarfafawa ga Mata: Mata sun Halitta daga Rashin Gaskiya
* Shuka itatuwa 5,000 
* CleanUps
* Ginin Gishiri don sansanin IDP a Jihar Edo
* Shirin Cowdung
* Maker Library Abuja
* Tattaunawar Yara 

## Manazarta
Hukumar Kula da Cututtukan Cututtuka ta Kasa (Nijeriya)

**Hukumar Kula da Cututtukan Cututtuka ta Kasa** (**NACA**), wacce aka kafa a shekara ta 2000, ita ce babbar hukumar Najeriya da ke da alhakin daidaita martani na kasa ga HIV / AIDS. Yana aiki don rage cututtukan da suka shafi cutar kanjamau da mutuwa ta hanyar tsara dabarun, Tsarin manufofi, bayar da shawarwari, bincike, da kuma aiwatar da matakan shiga tsakani a duk faɗin ƙasar. Darakta Janar na yanzu na hukumar shine Temitope Ilori.

## Tarihi
An kafa Hukumar Kula da Cututtukan Cututtuka ta Kasa (NACA) a watan Fabrairun 2000 a matsayin Kwamitin Ayyuka na Kasa kan Cututtukanshi (NACA)) don daidaita martani na Najeriya ga annobar HIV / AIDS. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2007, an canza shi zuwa wata hukuma ta hanyar aiki mai ba da damar. NACA tana aiki a karkashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Najeriya na 1999, wanda ya fara aiki a ranar 29 ga Mayu, 1999. 

Manufarta ita ce daidaitawa da sarrafa rigakafin HIV / AIDS, magani, da kulawa a duk faɗin Najeriya. Ayyukan NACA sun haɗa da tsarawa da daidaita ayyukan bangarori daban-daban a cikin Tsarin Shirye-shiryen Amsa na Kasa, sauƙaƙe shiga dukkan matakan gwamnati da bangarori kan batutuwan HIV / AIDS, ba da shawara don ƙaddamar da sa hannun HIV / AIDS a cikin dukkan bangarorin al'umma, tsara manufofi da jagororin kan HIV / AIDS. 

## Ikon iko
Ikon NACA ya kunshi duk ƙasar, yana kula da rigakafin HIV / AIDS, magani, da ayyukan kulawa a duk jihohi da yankuna. Ayyukanta sun haɗa da tsarawa da daidaita ayyukan bangarori daban-daban a cikin Tsarin Dabarun Amsa na Kasa, sauƙaƙe shiga dukkan matakan gwamnati da bangarori kan batutuwan HIV / AIDS, ba da shawara don ƙaddamar da sa hannun HIV / AIDS a cikin dukkan bangarorin al'umma, tsara manufofi da jagororin kan HIV / AIDS. 

## Haɗin kai
Hukumar tana aiki tare da kungiyoyi da yawa na cikin gida da na duniya a kokarin da take yi na yaki da cutar kanjamau / AIDS a Najeriya. Wadannan sun hada da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO), Shirin hadin gwiwa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS), Shirin Inshorar Lafiya na Kasa (NHIS) , da Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Najeriya. Bugu da ƙari, NACA tana aiki tare da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, kungiyoyin farar hula, da hukumomin tallafin kiwon lafiya na duniya don aiwatar da shirye-shiryen HIV / AIDS da manufofi a duk faɗin ƙasar.

## Wuraren da aka yi

* **Ofishin Abuja**: No. 3, titin Ziguinchor, daga hanyar IBB, a bayan Kamfanin Rarraba Wutar Lantarki na Abuja (AEDC), Wuse Zone 4, Abuja

* **Ofishin Legas**: No 8B Obanta Avenue, daga titin Ajao, Ikeja, Legas

* **Ofishin Kano**: Birnin Amana, a gaban Ofishin Shige da Fice (ofishin fasfo) Zaria Road, Kano

* **Ofishin Gombe**: titin Ajuji Waziri bayan Sakatariyar Tarayya, Low Cost na Tarayya, Gombe

* **Ofishin Umuahia**: Gidan gidaje na Adelabu, Umuahia, Abia

* **Ofishin Uyo**: No 65 titin Obio Imo, Uyo

* **Ofishin Lafia**: Ofishin Yankin NACA, a gaban Gidan Likitocin Jiha, tsohuwar GRA, Lafia

## Dubi kuma

* Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Lafiyar Jama'a ta Tarayya
* Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya
* Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Najeriya
* Kwamitin Majalisar kan Lafiya (Nijeriya)

## Manazarta
Mithika Mwenda

*Joseph *'Mithika Mwenda'**', wanda aka fi sani da Mithika mwenda (Fabrairu 27, 1973), shi ne dan kasar Kenya wanda ya kafa kungiyar kare sauyin yanayi ta Afirka ta Pan African Climate Justice Alliance (PACJA). Ya kasance mai ba da shawara kan yanayi sama da shekaru 10.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Mithika Mwenda a 1973 a cikin Meru County, Kenya . Mwenda ya yi karatu a Ilimi  a Jami'ar Moi  inda ya kasance shugaban dalibai, kafin ya halarci Jami'ar Aikin Gona da Fasaha ta Jomo Kenyatta kuma ya sami Jagora na Kimiyya a cikin nazarin manufofin jama'a. Ya zuwa 2020, Mwenda ta kasance dan takarar Ph.D. a Jami'ar Witwatersrand, Makarantar Gudanarwa. Har ila yau, yana wakiltar farar hula na Afirka a cikin kwamitin Bankin Duniya na Kasuwancin Carbon,  kuma yana jagorantar Tsarin Haɗin gwiwa na Binciken Yanayi don Ci Gaban Afirka.

## Ƙungiyar Adalci ta Yanayi ta Pan Afirka
Mwenda ta kasance babban darakta na Pan African Climate Justice Alliance sama da shekaru 10. Yana da gogewa a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan manufofin Canjin yanayi kuma an kira shi daya daga cikin mutane masu tasiri a cikin Manufofin Canjin Yanayi a cikin 2019. A baya, Mwenda ta yi aiki a matsayin jami'in canjin yanayi tare da Ikklisiyoyin Taron Afirka da Cibiyar Yanayi ta Afirka. Kafin wannan, ya yi aiki kuma ya ba da gudummawa a cikin gwamnatoci da yawa da haƙƙin ɗan adam, da kuma kungiyoyin dimokuradiyya a Kenya. Ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga Majalisar Zartarwa ta Kasa a cikin 2000s, wanda ya rinjayi daftarin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Kenya na 2010.

## Abubuwan da suka faru
Mwenda an yi masa biki ne don gwagwarmayar manufofin yanayi, kuma tana wakiltar jama'a a cikin kwamitin jagora na manufofin yanayi na Afirka da kuma dandalin daidaita ayyukan, ClimDev-Africa, wanda Hukumar Tarayyar Afirka, Bankin Raya Afirka da Hukumar Tattalin Arziki ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka (UNECA) suka jagoranci. Ya jagoranci Cibiyar Haɗin gwiwar Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayi don Ci Gaban Afirka,  wanda ke gudanar da Ƙungiyar Yanayi ta Duniya, Tsarin Duniya don Ayyukan Yanayi, Tarayyar Afirka da UNECA. Mwenda ta ba da shawarar hanzarta aiwatar da Yarjejeniyar Paris, kuma ta mayar da hankali ga PACJA. Ya kuma taimaka wajen kafa Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka don Makamashi mai dorewa da Samun dama (ACSEA), don inganta sauyawa zuwa makamashi mai sabuntawa, da kuma tabbatar da cewa shirin makamashi na Sabuntawa na Afirka yana ba da makamashi masu tsabta ga al'ummomin matalauta. A karkashin Tsarin Shari'ar Yanayi na Afirka, PACJA tana aiki tare da Majalisar Dokokin Afirka da sauran cibiyoyin majalisa don fitar da dokokin yanayi don sanya rigakafin canjin yanayi wani ɓangare na manufofin ci gaban ƙasa.

## Kyaututtuka
An san kokarin Mwenda a matsayin mai fafutukar canjin yanayi don rinjayar Manufofin canjin yanayi a Kenya da sauran Kasashen Afirka. A matsayinsa na babban darektan PACJA, an zabi Mithika Mwenda don Kyautar Kula da Duniya ta Sierra Club ta 2019  saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga kare muhalli da kiyayewa na duniya. A cikin 2019 kuma a cikin 2022  , an ambaci shi cikin mutane 100 mafi tasiri a cikin manufofin canjin yanayi a duniya ta hanyar Apolitical.co.

## Manazarta
Kasuwanci

Cashiering (ko bikin ƙasƙanci), gabaɗaya a cikin sojojin soja, al'ada ce ta korar mutum daga wani matsayi na alhakin keta horo.

## Magana
Daga Flemish  (don korar daga aiki; don watsar da [sojoji]),  kalmar ta shiga harshen Ingilishi a ƙarshen karni na 16, a lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe a cikin Low Countries.

## Soja

An haɗa shi musamman da ƙasƙantar da jami'ai'a ga jami'an soja da aka kunyata. Kafin Yaƙin Duniya na I, wannan bangare na cashiering wani lokacin ya haɗa da bikin fareti a gaban dakarun da suka taru tare da lalata alamomin Matsayi: epaulettes da aka fashe kafadu, lambobin da alamar da aka cire, takobi sun fashe, kawuna da aka buga, da lambobin yabo da aka faske kuma sun fashe a ƙasa.

A zamanin da jami'an Sojojin Burtaniya sun sayi kwamitocin su, kasancewa an cire su yana nufin cewa adadin da suka biya ya ɓace, saboda ba za su iya "sayar" daga baya ba.

## Shahararrun misalai
William Calley, mutumin da aka yanke masa hukunci na kisan kiyashi na My Lai, an kore shi maimakon karbar sallami.

Bayan gazawar yunkurin juyin mulkin Girka na 1935, Lieutenant Colonel Christodoulos Tsigantes, ɗan'uwansa kyaftin Ioannis Tsigantes Colonel Stefanos Sarafis da sauran mahalarta juyin mulkin an cire su a wani bikin jama'a.

Duk da cewa an fi danganta shi da Kyaftin Dreyfus, bikin lalata ƙa'ida (Faransa: Sojojin ƙasa) ya faru sau da yawa a cikin sojojin Faransa a ƙarƙashin Jamhuriya ta Uku. Akalla wani jami'in soja ɗaya da wani jami'in sojan ruwa [wanda ba a fayyace ba] an yi masa al'adar karya takubansu da kuma cire tambarinsu, kitso da maɓallan a bainar jama'a daga kayan aikinsu, bayan an same su da laifin cin amanar ƙasa. Mafi yawanci, wasu NCOs da sojoji masu zaman kansu sun fuskanci irin wannan hukunci saboda aikata manyan laifuka daban-daban, kafin a kashe su ko a daure su.[1]

Ayyukan jiki na cire alamomi da karya takobi za a iya sauƙaƙa ta hanyar shirye-shiryen da suka gabata. Wani labarin zamani a cikin The New York Times na Dreyfus cashiering a 1894 ya ce:￼Don shirya don cire alamar matsayi na fursuna, mai gyaran gidan yarin jiya ya cire dukkan maɓallan da layin daga rigar Dreyfus, jan layin daga wando da lambar tsarin mulki da sutura daga wuyansa da murfinsa. Wadannan duk an maye gurbinsu da sutura guda ɗaya don a iya raba su cikin sauƙi. An kuma sanya takobin mutumin da aka yanke masa hukunci kusan a kashi biyu, don a iya karya shi cikin sauƙi. Saurin motsi na Adjutant da kuma kokarin da aka yi na karya takobi ya kasance kawai yaudara, saboda kawai taɓawa kawai ya zama dole.A cikin fim din 1964 *Mary Poppins*, an kori Mista Banks lokacin da aka kore shi daga bankin. Wannan ya haɗa da furen fure da ya tsage daga labule, an juya laima a ciki kuma an buga hularsa.

A cikin 1942 Bugs Bunny short, Fresh Hare, Bugs cashiers Elmer Fudd a matsayin abin kunya ga Mounties ta hanyar cire ba kawai tufafinsa da alamun sa ba, har ma da undershorts.

## Dubi kuma

* Branded (jerin talabijin) 
* Rashin aiki
* Ragewa
* Hazing
* Rashin mutunci
* Drumming out (kuma "drubbing out" a wasu nau'ikan Turanci na Amurka) 
* Horar da Soja
* Maido da siyasa
* Ragewa a cikin matsayi

## Manazarta
Sam Pitroda

**Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda**, wanda aka fi sani da **Sam Pitroda** (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba 1942), jami'in Indiya ne, injiniyan sadarwa, kuma ɗan kasuwa. An haife shi a Titlagarh, a gabashin Indiya na Odisha, a cikin dangin Gujarati. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Rajiv Gandhi da Manmohan Singh a lokacin da suke Firayim Minista na Indiya, da kuma Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Shi ne shugaban Majalisar Dattijai ta Indiya.

## Rayuwa ta farko da aiki
A shekarar 1966, ya fara aiki ga GTE a Birnin Chicago. An dauke shi a matsayin mai gabatarwa na kwamfuta mai ɗaukar hoto, yayin da ya kirkiro littafin lantarki a cikin shekara ta 1975.

Yana da digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar lissafi da lantarki daga Jami'ar Maharaja Sayajirao (India) da kuma digiri na biyu na injiniyan lantarki daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Illinois (Amurka).

## Mai ba da shawara ga Gwamnati
Tsakanin shekara ta 2005 zuwa shekara ta 2009, ya jagoranci Hukumar Ilimi ta Kasa a Indiya kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Firayim Minista Manmohan Singh a fannin Infrastructure na Bayanai da Innovation. Tun daga shekara ta 2010, ya kasance shugaban Majalisar Innovation ta Kasa.

## Komawa zuwa Indiya da kuma aiki daga baya
A kan tafiya zuwa Indiya a 1981, Pitroda ya yi takaici da yadda yake da wuya a kira iyalinsa a Chicago, kuma ya yanke shawarar cewa zai iya taimakawa wajen sabunta tsarin sadarwa na Indiya. A shekara ta 1984, Firayim Minista Indira Gandhi ya gayyaci Pitroda ya koma Indiya. Lokacin da ya dawo, ya fara Cibiyar Ci Gaban Telematics C-DOT, ƙungiyar R&D mai zaman kanta. Ya riga ya zama ɗan ƙasar Amurka amma ya yi watsi da zama ɗan ƙasar Amirka don sake ɗaukar ɗan ƙasar Indiya don yin aiki a cikin Gwamnatin Indiya.

A cikin shekarun 1990s Pitroda ya koma Chicago don ci gaba da kasuwancinsa. A watan Mayu 1995, ya zama shugaban farko na shirin WorldTel na Ƙungiyar Sadarwa ta Duniya . 

A cikin 1993, Pitroda ya taimaka wajen kafa (tare da Darshan Shankar) Gidauniyar Sabunta Al'adun Lafiya na Gida da Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Trans-Disciplinary kusa da Bangalore a Indiya. Gidauniyar tana inganta Ayurveda, ilimin gargajiya na Indiya.

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2009, an nada Pitroda a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Firayim Minista na Indiya Manmohan Singh kan Infrastructure na Bayanai da Innovation tare da matsayin Ministan majalisar ministoci.

A shekara ta 1992, an buga tarihin rayuwarsa Sam Pitroda: A Biography . 

Daraktan tilasta, a ranar 15 ga Afrilu 2025, ya gabatar da takardar tuhuma a kansa game da zargin da ya yi a cikin Shari'ar National Herald.

## Kyaututtuka

* Dataquest ya ba Pitroda lambar yabo ta rayuwa a shekara ta 2002.
* A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2010, Jami'ar Illinois a kwalejin likitanci ta Chicago ta ba shi digiri na girmamawa.
* Gwamnatin Indiya ta ba shi Padma Bhushan a shekara ta 2009 saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga kimiyya da injiniya.

## Manazarta
Stephen Heppell

**Stephen Heppell** malamin ilimi ne na Burtaniya, marubuci kuma mai magana. Ya rike farfesa a Jami'ar Anglia Ruskin da Jami'ar Bournemouth, kuma a halin yanzu yana riƙe da kujerar Filipe Segovia na Innovation a Universidad Camilo Jose Cela a Madrid. Ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Gwamnatin Burtaniya tare da rubuta 'The Stephenson Report'  kuma ya jagoranci Kungiyar Ba da Shawara ta Fasahar Ilimi.

## Rayuwa ta farko
Stephen John Heppell ya girma a Little Chalfont kuma ya halarci Makarantar Dr Challoner's Grammar School kafin ya yi karatun ilimin halayyar dan adam da tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Reading. Bayan wani ɗan gajeren aiki a lissafi, ya sami digiri na biyu na ilimi daga Jami'ar Gabashin London, da kuma masters a saka hannun jari a Jami'ar Bankin Kudu.

## Farkon aiki
Heppell ya fara koyarwa a Makarantar 'Yan Mata ta Leytonstone da ke Gabashin Landan inda ya koyar da ilimin zamantakewa kafin ya koma Makarantar Fryers da ke Basildon . Heppell ya shiga Jami'ar Anglia Ruskin daga Shirin Ilimi na Microelectronics kuma aka naɗa shi farfesa a shekarar 1989. Ya riƙe shugabancin Sabbin Muhalli na Koyo har zuwa 2004, kuma inda ya kafa kuma ya jagoranci cibiyar binciken fasahar koyo ta Ultralab . An naɗa Heppell a matsayin shugaban Jami'ar Bournemouth a Muhalli na Sabbin Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai a Cibiyar Ingantaccen Aikin Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai tsakanin 2008 da 2017.

Heppell ya shiga Universidad Camilo Jose Cela a cikin 2, kuma a cikin 2018, ya kula da ci gaban wuraren ilmantarwa na gwaji ta amfani da yawancin ka'idodin ƙira da yake ba da shawara. Wadannan sun hada da amfani da zoning da kayan aiki masu sauri, kula da yanayin ciki kamar zafin jiki, matakan haske, saturating CO2, hayaniya, da kuma matakin ganuwa ta sararin samaniya. Heppell kuma an san shi da bayar da shawarar 'koyon mara takalma' don inganta ta'aziyya da kwanciyar hankali a wuraren ilmantarwa.

## Sauran sha'awar sana'a
Heppell ya daina koyarwa a shekarar 2010, amma har yanzu yana ba da ayyukan ba da shawara ta hanyar kamfaninsa, heppell.net wanda ya kafa a shekarar 2005. Kamfanin yana ba da shawara ga gwamnatoci, hukumomin ƙasa da ƙasa, kamfanoni (gami da Gems Education da Educationurious), makarantu da al'ummomi, a cikin kalmominsa, "su inganta koyo."  Heppell memba ne na kafa Teachers TV kuma ya kasance memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na Skillset da Digital Jersey  da kuma zama shugaban zartarwa na Learning Possibilities. Shi memba ne na BAFTA  kuma ya jagoranci Jury na Fasaha na Fasaha kuma ya zama memba na majalisar tsakanin 2009 da 2016 da kuma zama a kwamitin fina-finai nata.

## Kyaututtuka
2005 Kyautar Alƙalai ta Royal Television Society don Ayyukan Rayuwa ga watsa shirye-shiryen Ilimi

Kyautar BETT ta 2008 don Kyakkyawan Nasarar Ilimi na ICT

2014 NAACE Lifetime Achievement Award don fasahar ilimi.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Ya auri malamin Carole Chapman kuma yana da 'ya'ya uku.

## Manazarta
Antemanambondro

**Antemanambondro** iri-iri ne na Malagasy    wanda mutanen Antemanambondro ke magana, masu alaƙa da yaren Antesaka . 

## Rarrabawa
**Antemanambondro** yare ne na Malagasy, wanda ke cikin dangin harshen Austronesian . An rarraba shi cikin reshen Tsakiya-Gabas, ƙarƙashin ƙungiyar Sahafatra - Antesaka .

## Yaɗuwar ƙasa
Ana yin yaren a yankin Atsimo-Atsinanana, musamman daga yankin Manambandro har zuwa Manantenina, wanda ke nuna farkon yankin yaren Tanosy .

## Halaye
Antemanambondro yaren Malagasy ne na wucin gadi wanda ke gadar Antesaka da Tanosy . Duk da yake ainihin kama da Antesaka kuma wataƙila yarensa ne, Antemanambondro yana da siffofi na musamman na lexical abubuwan da ba a samo su a cikin Antesaka ba, kamar *fia* don "kifi" da *ampela* don "mace" (inda Antesaka ke amfani da *laokandrano* ko *vily* da *viavy*, bi da bi). 

## Manazarta
Yaren Anjoaty

**Anjoaty**, wanda aka fi sani da **Sakalava Anjoaty**,  yare ne na Malagasy wanda mutanen Anjoaty ke magana da shi a birnin Vohémar da kewaye a arewa maso gabashin Madagascar .

## Rarrabawa
**Anjoaty** nau'in yaren Austronesian ne wanda ke cikin reshen Arewacin Malagasic na Malagasy.

## Yaɗuwar ƙasa
Ana yin yaren Anjoaty a cikin da kewayen birnin Vohémar,  a yankin Sava da ke arewa maso gabashin Madagascar . 

## Halaye
**Anjoaty** yana da kamanceceniya da yarukan arewacin Malagasy kamar Antakarana da Northern Betsimisaraka, amma yana riƙe da halaye daban-daban na ƙamus da kuma tsarin sauti.

## Manazarta
Jessica Lane

**Jessica May Lane** (an haife ta a 5 ga Oktoba 2002) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Australiya wacce aka naɗa ta Miss Earth 2024 a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, 2024 a Philippines . Ita ce Australiya ta farko da ta lashe taken, ta sa Ostiraliya ta zama ƙasa ta shida da ta sami kambi a duk manyan kyawawan abubuwa huɗu.

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Lane a Melbourne, Victoria, amma ta girma a Sunshine Coast, Queensland kuma tana da zuriyar Irish. Tana karatun aikin jarida da rubuce-rubuce masu ban sha'awa a Jami'ar Sunshine Coast a Queensland.

## Wasanni

### Miss Duniya Australia 2023
A cikin 2023, Lane ta kasance daga cikin 'yan wasan karshe 32 a gasar Miss World Australia.

### Miss Duniya 2024
Lane ta lashe Miss Earth Australia 2024 a ranar 11 ga watan Agusta, 2024 a Sydney, New South Wales . Ta kuma sami kyaututtuka na musamman da yawa, ciki har da Zaɓin StarCentral, Mafi Kyawu a cikin Wutar Wutar Lantarki, Mafi Kyawun a cikin Media, Miss Photogenic, da Miss Earth Charity.

### Miss Duniya Australia 2024
Lane ta wakilci Ostiraliya a gasar Miss Earth 2024 da aka gudanar a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, 2024 a Okada Manila a Philippines. Drita Ziri na Albania ne ya lashe ta, wanda ya fi samun nasara a kan wasu masu fafatawa 75. Ta kuma sami lambar yabo ta Darling of the Press (Asia da Oceania).

Nasarar da ta samu ta nuna kambin Miss Earth na farko na Ostiraliya da kuma lambar yabo ta farko ta kasa da kasa tun daga Miss Universe 2004, wanda Jennifer Hawkins ta lashe.

A matsayinta na Miss Duniya, Jessica Lane ta ziyarci Vietnam (sau biyu), Indonesia, Belgium, Wales, Ingila, Amurka, tsibirin Reunion, Najeriya, ƙasarsu ta Australia, da birane da larduna daban-daban a duk faɗin Philippines.

## Yunkurin fafutuka
Tun lokacin da aka naɗa ta, Lane ta shiga cikin kamfen ɗin muhalli, gami da dasa bishiyoyi, tsaftace bakin teku, da kuma ilimi game da dorewa da canjin yanayi. Tallafinta yana mai da hankali kan rage sharar gida, gurɓata filastik, da kuma salon da ya dace. Lane ta kuma bayyana a kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban don tallafawa kamfen dinta da fadada aikin jama'a.

A watan Janairun 2025, ta yi magana a wani taron ci gaba da matasa a Indonesia, wanda Ofishin Jakadancin Denmark da Ƙungiyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya suka shirya.

Daga baya a wannan watan, ta shiga cikin Bikin Sinulog na Cebu ta a Philippines a matsayin baƙo na musamman, ta ziyarci makarantu, kuma ta gudanar da ayyukan ilimin muhalli, gami da zaman ba da labari game da mangroves a Makarantar Katolika ta San Felipe Neri.

## Manazarta
Ma'aikatar Muhalli (Kerala)

***Ma'aikatar muhalli*** sashen gudanarwa ne na Gwamnatin Kerala . Ma'aikatar Muhalli tana da alhakin tsarawa da aiwatar da manufofi da suka shafi muhalli da Canjin yanayi. Hedkwatar ta tana cikin Sakatariyar Gwamnati, Thiruvananthapuram .

## Tarihi
An kirkiro Ma'aikatar Muhalli a shekara ta 2006 lokacin da aka raba batun muhalli daga Ma'abiyar Kimiyya, Fasaha da Muhalli ta lokacin.

An kafa Daraktan Muhalli da Canjin Yanayi (DoECC) daga baya a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2010. A matsayinta na babban hukumar sashen, Darakta tana da alhakin tsarawa, daidaitawa da jagorantar aiwatar da manufofin kiyaye muhalli da shirye-shiryen gwamnatocin tsakiya da jihohi. Har ila yau, ita ce ƙungiyar da aka tsara don haɓaka da aiwatar da shirye-shiryen da suka shafi canjin yanayi.

## Jagora
Ma'aikatar Muhalli tana karkashin jagorancin Ministan Gwamnati. Ministan muhalli da canjin yanayi na yanzu shine Pinarayi Vijayan, Babban Ministan Kerala.

Sakataren Gwamnati (Matsayi), jami'in IAS ne ke jagorantar sashen, wanda ke da goyon bayan Ƙarin Sakatare, Sakatare na hadin gwiwa, Mataimakin Sakatare da sauran ma'aikata.

Daraktan Muhalli da Canjin Yanayi, hukumar kula da sashen da ke da alhakin aiwatarwa, tana karkashin jagorancin Darakta wanda Gwamnati ta nada. Daraktan Muhalli jami'in IFS ne, kuma darektan da ke aiki shine Suneel Pamidi I.F.S.

## Ayyuka

* Gudanar da sassan nodal kamar Daraktan Muhalli da Canjin Yanayi l
* Gudanar da dukkan Ayyuka da Dokoki da suka shafi kare muhalli da canjin yanayi.
* Gudanar da canjin yanayi da al'amuran da suka danganci.
* Shirye-shiryen kiyaye kogi
* Kyaututtuka na muhalli
* Binciken muhalli da ci gaba
* Tsarin bayanai na muhalli
* Haɗin ayyukan da suka shafi muhalli da yanayi na sassan gwamnati, hukumomi, cibiyoyi da hukumomi a duk faɗin Jiha.

## Daraktan Muhalli da Canjin Yanayi
Darakta ita ce babbar reshe mai aiki na sashen kuma tana da hedikwatar a Pettah, Thiruvananthapuram . Daraktan Muhalli da Canjin Yanayi ne ke jagoranta, jami'in Hukumar Kula da dazuzzuka ta Indiya (IFS), wanda ma'aikatan fasaha da na gudanarwa ke tallafawa.

Kungiyar fasaha ta haɗa da Masana Kimiyya na Muhalli, Manajojin Shirin Muhalli da Injiniyoyin Muhalli, tare da taimakon Jami'an Muhalli da Mataimakin Jami'an Muhalli.

Ma'aikatan gudanarwa sun hada da Jami'in Gudanarwa da Jami'an Kudi.

## Dubi kuma

* Ma'aikatar dazuzzuka da namun daji (Kerala) 
* Jerin sassan da hukumomin Gwamnatin Kerala
* Muhalli na Indiya

## Manazarta
Sonia Sutcliffe

**Sonia Szurma-Woodward** (born Oksana Szurma; born 10 August 1950), known as **Sonia Sutcliffe**, is the former wife of the British serial killer Peter Sutcliffe.

## Aure ga Peter Sutcliffe
Sonia ta auri Peter William Sutcliffe a ranar 10 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1974, ranar haihuwarta ta 24,  shekaru biyu bayan ta fara magani don schizophrenia.  Lokacin da ta gano cewa ba za ta iya samun yara ba saboda zubar da ciki na baya sai ta koma karatu don zama malama. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;**&#x5D;

Dangantakarta da mijinta daga baya marubucin Gordon Burn ya nuna shi a matsayin mai iko, tare da Sonia da ke son bugawa shi "kamar wani ɗan makaranta mara kyau". Lokacin da aka sami mijinta da laifin kisan mata da yawa a 1981, Sonia ta kasance a aurensa kuma ta ci gaba da zama a gidan aurensu na Bradford. Sun rabu a kusa da 1989 kuma sun sake aure a watan Yulin 1994 bisa dalilin rashin hankali. Barbara Jones, wata 'yar jarida wacce ke da tattaunawa da yawa tare da Sonia, ta bayyana Sonia a matsayin mutum mafi banƙyama, mafi banƙasa, kuma mafi sanyi da ta taɓa haɗuwa da shi. Jones ya lura cewa Sonia tana da matukar damuwa kuma tana da bukata.

## Shari'ar tsegumi game da Private Eye''Ido na sirri''
A watan Mayu na shekara ta 1989, wani yunkuri na tsegumi a kan mujallar satirical Private Eye, wanda Sutcliffe ya kawo, ya zo kotu. An yanke shawarar kai karar ne jim kadan kafin iyakance irin waɗannan ayyukan, sannan shekaru shida, sun ƙare. Wannan shari'ar ta shafi wata kasida ta Janairu 1981 wacce ta ba da cikakken bayani game da yunkurin da ta yi na yin yarjejeniyar kudi tare da jaridu kuma ta yi iƙirarin cewa tana ƙoƙarin samun riba daga laifukan mijinta. Private Eye ya yarda a lokacin cewa ya yi kurakurai biyu a cikin labarin, amma mai shigar da kara (Sutcliffe) ya ki amincewa da tayin gyara.

A ƙarshen shari'ar a ranar 24 ga Mayu, an ba Sutcliffe kyautar lalacewar laifuka a kan mujallar na £ 600,000, ko £ 100,000 fiye da mafi girman adadin da ya gabata. Editan, Ian Hislop, ya bayyana cewa "Idan wannan adalci ne, ni ayaba ce", kuma ya sanar da niyyarsa ta daukaka kara. An kafa asusun da ake kira "Bananaballs" don biyan kuɗin shari'ar daukaka kara kuma an rage lalacewar zuwa £ 60,000. Sauran jaridu biyu da Sutcliffe ya kai karar, Daily Express da Daily Star, sun zauna tare da ita a waje da kotu.

Wata jarida wacce ta kasance wani bangare na shari'arta, News of the World⁠, ba ta zauna ba. Lokacin da shari'ar ta zo kotu a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1990, an bayyana cikakkun bayanai wanda ya nuna cewa ta amfana da kudi daga laifukan mijinta. A kotu, George Carman, QC na jaridar, ya bayyana ta a matsayin "ta rawa a kan kaburbura na wadanda mijinta ya kashe".[1] Masu juri sun sami News of the World, kuma an umarce ta da ta biya Kudin shari'a na bangarorin biyu.[2][3]￼

## Rayuwa ta baya
Bayan kisan Szurma da Sutcliffe, Szurma ta auri mai gyaran gashi Michael Woodward a ranar 2 ga Mayu 1997. 

## Manazarta
The Ripper (jerin talabijin)

The Ripper wani lamari ne na gaskiya na Burtaniya wanda Jesse Vile da Ellena Wood suka jagoranta, wanda aka saki a Netflix a ranar 16 ga Disamba 2020.

## Bayani game da shi
Shirin na kashi huɗu ya ba da labarin abubuwan da suka faru da bincike game da kisan mata 13 a Yammacin Yorkshire da Manchester, Ingila tsakanin 1975 da 1980 da Mai kisan gilla Peter Sutcliffe.[1] 'Yan jarida sun lura da kamanceceniya da kisan gillar da aka yi da sanannen Jack the Ripper, kuma sun ba da sunan mai aikata laifin da ba a san shi ba Yorkshire Ripper. Wannan jerin sun bi jerin abubuwan da suka faru, an fada ta hanyar hira da masu bincike, 'yan jarida, wadanda suka tsira da dangin wadanda abin ya shafa.[2]￼

## Abubuwan da suka faru

## Saki
An saki Ripper a kan Netflix a ranar 16 ga Disamba 2020. 

## Dubi kuma

* Peter Sutcliffe
* Jerin shirye-shiryen asali na Netflix

## Manazarta
Yaren Beni Snous

**Beni Snous berber** ko **At Snous berber** (sunan asali: *Tmaziɣt* ) nau'in Berber ne kusa da harsunan Zenati da ake magana da su kusa da Tlemcen a Aljeriya .   

A farkon karni , ana yaren Beni Snous Berber a ƙauyukan Kef, Tghalimet, Bou Hallou, Ait Larbi, Ait Achir, Adziddaz, da Mazzer; duk masu magana suna da harsuna biyu a cikin harshen Larabci . Beni Snous ba su da matsala wajen tattaunawa da maƙwabtansu masu magana da Berber a tsakanin Beni Bou Said da ke yamma, kuma (tare da ɗan wahala) suna iya sadarwa a Berber da mutanen Figuig, Beni Iznacen, kusa da kan iyaka a Morocco. Duk da haka, sun sami Tashelhiyt (a kudancin Morocco) da Kabyle (a tsakiyar Algeria) kusan ba su da fahimta.

A yau, tsofaffi kaɗan ne kawai a yankin da ke jin Berber. Yawancin mutanen Beni Snous sun koma Larabci, suna riƙe da wasu kalmomi kaɗan daga yaren kakanninsu, kamar *tabɣa* "blackberries" ko *azduz* "pestle". 

## Duba kuma

* Harsunan Aljeriya

## Littattafan tarihi

* 
* 
* 

## Manazarta
Aljeriya Berber

**Tamazight**, ko kuma **Standard Algerian Berber**,  harshe ne da Kwalejin Harshen Amazigh ta Algeria ke ƙirƙirowa tun lokacin da aka kafa ta a Algeria a 2016.  Ya haɗa fasalulluka na harsunan Berber da dama, musamman Kabyle .  Saboda rashin jituwa, ba shi da daidaito dangane da tsarin rubutu tsakanin Latin, Tifinagh, da Larabci . 

Ƙididdiga ya dogara ne akan ayyukan Mouloud Mammeri ( *Kamus* da *Précis de grammaire berbère (kabyle)*,  ). 

, 350,000 pupils were studying Tamazight in 38 wilayas out of 48, representing 4% of all students. Ninety percent of them study Tamazight in Latin characters. In 2018, the government announced that optional classes of Tamazight will be offered in all public primary and secondary schools in the future.

## Manazarta
Kudancin Oran da Figuig Berber

**Kudancin Oran Berber**, ko **Tachelhit**,  rukuni ne na harsunan Zenati, waɗanda ke cikin reshen Berber na dangin Afroasiatic .  Ana magana da shi a wurare da dama na kudu maso yammacin Aljeriya da kuma kan iyaka a Maroko .

Wadannan yankuna sun hada da mafi yawan ksour (kauyuka masu kagara) tsakanin Mecheria da Béni Abbès : Tiout, Ain Sfisifa, Boussemghoun, Moghrar, Chellala, Asla, Fendi, Mougheul, Lahmar, Boukais, Sfissifa , Ouakda , Algeria, Maglit Barr Ain Chair da ksour bakwai na Figuig (Ait Wadday, Ait Amar, Ait Lamiz, Ait Sliman, Ait Anaj, Ait Addi da Iznayen)  a Maroko. 

Daga cikin waɗannan garuruwan, wanda aka yi nazarin yarensa dalla-dalla shi ne Figuig ( Kossmann 1997).  Basset (1885,  1886  ) wani bincike mai zurfi kan yarukan arewa, gami da rubutu da ƙamus, yayin da Kossmann (2010) ya bayar da zane na nahawun ɗan yankin kudu, Igli.  El Idrissi (2017  ) ya fi mai da hankali kan bambancin furuci tsakanin ƙauyuka daban-daban.

Kamar sauran nau'ikan Berber da yawa, yarukan Figuig Berber suna amfani da rashin yarda da magana ta biyu. Maƙallin rashin yarda da magana na farko shine *ul* (a cikin gida *un*, *il* ); maƙallin rashin yarda da magana na bayan magana shine *ša* (Igli, Mazzer) / *šay* (Figuig, Iche, Moghrar) / *iš* (Boussemghoun, Ain Chair), tare da duka biyun na ƙarshe suna bayyana a matsayin allomorphs a cikin Tiout.  Lambobi 1 da 2 Berber ne, yayin da manyan lambobi sune aro na Larabci a ko'ina. 

## Manazarta
Yaren Marofotsy

**Yaren Marofotsy** yare ne na Malagasy wanda ƙabilar Malagasy mai suna iri ɗaya ke magana da shi. 

## Wuri
Ana magana da Marofotsy a gundumar Tsaratanana a yankin Betsiboka. 

## Rarrabawa
Yaren Marofotsy na ƙungiyar Plateaux Malagasy ne, tare da Sihanaka, Merina, Antaifasy, da Antambahoaka .

## Halaye
Marofotsy yare ne na canji tsakanin yaren Arewacin Sakalava (wanda ya fi dacewa da nau'in Boina) da yaren Merina . Yana riƙe da fasaloli da yawa na Merina kamar su -ka, -tra, da -na,  yayin da kuma yana nuna tasiri daga Arewacin Sakalava. Misali, fitoovanandreo ("kayan aikinsu") yayi daidai da fitaovan'ireo a Merina.

Ko da yake ƙamus ya fi kama da na Merina, Marofotsy ya bambanta a tsarin jimla da kuma amfani da karin magana. Alal misali, ankoatrizay a Merina ya zama ny ankoatrany a Marofotsy, notafin'ireo ("sun kai hari") ya zama noravandreo, kuma naverin'ireo ("sun dawo") ya zama naverinandreo.

Amfani da -ndreo na ƙarshe maimakon -ireo wani fasali ne na musamman da aka raba wa Boina Sakalava.

## Manazarta
Alaric Basson

**Alaric Bennedict Basson** (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1996) ɗan wasan ruwa ne na Afirka ta Kudu .  Ya yi gasa a tseren mita 200 na maza a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2019 .  Ɗan'uwansa ɗan tagwaye Alard shi ma mai iyo ne.

## Manazarta
Oude Ram Afrikaner

**Oude Ram Afrikaner** (farkon Launi na 18 - a kusa da 1760) shi ne shugaban dangin da daga baya ya zama sananne da Orlam Afrikaners, wani rukuni na Orlam . Gidan ya kunshi zuriyar kabilanci daga 'yan asalin Khoikhoi da bayi daga Madagascar, Indiya, da Indonesia. Membobin wannan tseren da aka haɗu a yau ana kiransu *Mutanen Creole na Afirka* ko Creole Africans, da kuma Coloureds.

Kungiyar da ke kusa da Oude Ram ita ce ta farko da ta fara magana da kansu ba kamar yadda suka fito daga wata kabila ba amma don amfani da bayanin nahiyar, *Afirka*. Wannan shine yadda Oude Ram da zuriyarsa suka sami sunan mahaifiyar Afrikaner, kuma yarensu sunan Afrikaans. Sai kawai daga baya a rabi na biyu na *Launi* na 19 ne Cape Dutch suka karɓi wannan halayyar, ma. Khoi da mutanen da suka haɗu sun zama sanannun, gaba ɗaya, a matsayin Coloureds,  kalmar da gwamnatin Burtaniya ta gabatar. 

Babu wani abu da aka sani game da tarihin Oude Ram da tarihin Orlams kafin shekara ta 1760. An rubuta cewa danginsa sun shiga rikici da Kamfanin Dutch East India. Daga baya, an dakatar da shi da dansa *Afrikaner Afrikaner* daga Cape Colony kuma an yanke musu hukuncin rai da rai a kurkuku. Duk da yake Oude Ram mai yiwuwa ya mutu ba da daɗewa ba bayan yanke masa hukunci, ɗansa Afrikaner ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fursunoni na farko na Tsibirin Robben a shekara ta 1761. Ya mutu a can a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1777. Sauran ɗansa, Klaas, an cire shi kuma ya jagoranci dangin daga Cape Colony zuwa Kudu maso Yammacin Afirka a cikin shekarun 1770. 

Oude Ram Afrikaner shine na farko a cikin asalin Orlam Afrikaners . Bayan da Oude Ram ya mutu kuma dansa Klaas ya yi tafiya tare da dangin zuwa Kudu maso Yammacin Afirka, kungiyar ta mamaye yankin da a yau shine tsakiyar Namibia kusan kusan shekaru 100. Wannan mulkin da mamayewa sun fara ne bayan Klaas Afrikaner da 'ya'yansa maza sun koma Kudu maso Yammacin Afirka a cikin shekarun 1770  kuma sun kafa sansanin soja a ƙarshen karni na 18,  kuma ya ƙare tare da mutuwar Kirista Afrikaner, jikan Oude Ram, a 1863. 

## Manazarta
Patricia Emily Adams

**Patricia Emily Adams** 'yar siyasar Afirka ta Kudu ce wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu na Majalisar Dokoki ta Afirka (ANC) daga 2009 zuwa 2014, kuma daga 2014 zuwa 2019.

## Ayyukan majalisa
A shekara ta 2009 Adams ya tsaya takarar Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin dan takara na 131 a jerin sunayen ANC na kasa da kasa. An zabe ta a Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa a zaben. Daga nan aka zabi Adams don aiki a Kwamitin Dindindin kan Kudi na Majalisar Dokoki ta Hudu (2009 - 2014). Ta kuma kasance mai hulɗa da mazabar ofishin mazabar Rietfontein na ANC a lokacin wa'adin majalisa.

A shekara ta 2014 ta tsaya don sake zaben a matsayi na 122. Ba a sake zabar ta a Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa ba. Koyaya, Zizi Kodwa ya yi murabus daga Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa kuma ANC ta zaɓi Adams ya hau kujerarsa. An rantsar da Adams a ranar 26 ga Mayu 2014.  A ranar 20 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2014, an nada Adams don aiki a Kwamitin Kula da Ayyukan Jama'a da Kwamitin Kulawa kan Yawon Bude Ido. An sanya mata suna a cikin Kwamitin hadin gwiwa kan Da'a da Sha'awar membobin a wani mataki na gaba. Adams kuma ya kasance mai hulɗa da mazabar na mazabar Rietfontein ta ANC.

A ranar 17 ga Mayu 2018, an zabe ta a matsayin mai kula da ANC. Sunan ta ba ta cikin jerin sunayen ANC ba don Babban zaben 2019 kuma ta bar Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa a ranar 7 ga Mayu 2019, ranar hukuma ta rushe wa'adin majalisar. 

## Manazarta