Satoshi Nakamoto

**Satoshi Nakamoto** suna ne da presumed  Karya suna  suke amfani dashi wanda ya kirkiri bitcoin, sannan ya samar da ita bitcoin din Farar takarda,  Nunawar aiwatarwa. A matsayin sashen kirkira,  sanna shina wanda ya fara kirkiran database. A wannan mataki,  shine wanda ya fara bada shawara akan kawar da matsalolin double-spending a  Kuɗin dijital tare da amfani da Tsaran-takwarorinmu network.  ya tsaya tsayin daka domin samar da bitcoin har ya zuwa watan Disemba 2010. Dayawan mutane sun yi ikirari akan cewa sune .

## Ci gaban bitcoin
 ya baiyana code na bitcoin wanda ya fara a 2007. zuwa 18 August 2008, shi ko abokin aikin sa yayi mata rigiista da domain mai suna bitcoin.org, sannan ya kirkiri shafin yanar gizo da sunan wato bitcoin. On 31 October,  ya gaba  white paper a cryptography mailing list a metzdowd.com domin faiyace digital cryptocurrency, mai suna "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System".

A ranar 9 ga Janairun 2009,  ya saki sigar 0.1 na software na bitcoin akan SourceForge, kuma ya ƙaddamar da hanyar sadarwar ne ta hanyar *ayyana asalin toshewar bitcoin* (lambar toshe 0), wanda ke da lada na bitcoins 50.     An saka shi a cikin ma'amala ta musayar wannan shinge shine rubutun: "The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor a gab da bayar da belin  yana ambaton kanun labarai a jaridar *The Times ta* Burtaniya da aka buga a wannan ranar.  An kuma fassara wannan bayanin a matsayin duka timestamp da tsokaci mai tsoka game da rashin kwanciyar hankali da bankin keɓaɓɓe ya haifar.  

 ya ci gaba da kulla alaka da hadaka akan bitcoin har zuwa tsakiyar 2010, yana gudanar da dukkan tsare-tsare na source code da kansa. sannan ya tsarin source code repository da mabudin sanarwa na yana gizo ga Gavin Andresen, sannan ya raba domain ma bambamta ga mukarraban bitcoin.

## Halaye da ainihi

Wasu sun ɗauki  na iya zama ƙungiyar mutane: Dan Kaminsky, mai binciken tsaro wanda ya karanta lambar bitcoin,  ce  yana iya zama “ƙungiyar mutane” ko kuma “haziƙi”;  Laszlo Hanyecz, mai haɓakawa wanda ya aika wa  , yana da jin lambar an tsara ta sosai don mutum ɗaya;  John McAfee ya yi da'awar  ya kasance "ƙungiyar mutane goma sha ɗaya".  Gavin Andresen ya ce game da  Lambar code: "Ya kasance ƙwararre mai kodin, amma yana da ban tsoro." 

Amfani da Ingilishi na Ingilishi a cikin tsokaci na lambar tushe da rubuce - rubuce na dandalin tattaunawa - kamar furucin  mai tsananin jini , sharuddan kamar  lebur  da  lissafi , da kuma rubutun "launin toka" da "launi"  - ya haifar da hasashe cewa  , ko aƙalla mutum ɗaya a cikin ƙungiyar da ke da'awar cewa shi ne, ya kasance asalin Commonwealth.    Maganar *jaridar Times ta* London a farkon toshe bitcoin na  ya ba da shawara ga wasu sha'awa ta musamman ga gwamnatin Burtaniya.   

Stefan Thomas, injiniyan software na Switzerland kuma memba na al'umma mai aiki, ya zayyana timetamps na kowane  sakonnin dandalin bitcoin (sama da 500); ginshiƙi ya nuna raguwar kusan zuwa kusan babu rubutu tsakanin awanni 5 na safe zuwa 11 na safe Lokaci Ma'anar Greenwich . Wannan ya kasance tsakanin 2 na yamma zuwa 8 na yamma Lokaci na Japan, yana ba da shawarar yanayin bacci mai ban mamaki ga wanda ake tsammanin yana zaune a Japan. Kamar yadda wannan tsarin ya kasance gaskiya koda a ranakun Asabar da Lahadi, ya ba da shawarar cewa  akai -akai yana bacci a wannan lokacin. 

Asalin  ne ba a sani ba,  amma baki sun focussed a kan daban-daban cryptography da kwamfuta kimiyya masana, mafi yawa na wadanda ba Japanese lõkacin saukarsa. 

### Hal Finney
Hal Finney (4 ga Mayu 1956-28 ga Agusta 2014) ya kasance majagaba na crypto kafin bitcoin kuma mutum na farko (ban da  da kansa) don amfani da software, rahotannin bug na fayil, da ingantawa.  Ya kuma rayu 'yan tubalan daga wani mutum mai suna' Dorian Satoshi  ', a cewar *ɗan jaridar Forbes* Andy Greenberg.  Greenberg ya tambayi mai ba da shawara kan nazarin rubutu Juola &amp;amp; Associates don kwatanta samfurin rubutun Finney da  yan takarar da *Newsweek*, *Fast Company*, *The New Yorker*, Ted Nelson da Skye Gray suka ba da shawara.  Greenberg ya yi hasashen cewa wataƙila Finney ya kasance mawallafi ne a madadin  , ko kuma kawai ya yi amfani da maƙwabcinsa Dorian a matsayin "digo" ko "patsy wanda ake amfani da bayanansa na sirri don ɓoye ayyukan kan layi". Koyaya, bayan haduwa da Finney, ganin imel tsakanin sa da  da tarihin walat ɗin bitcoin (gami da farkon ma'amalar bitcoin daga  zuwa gare shi, wanda ya manta ya biya) kuma da jin musun sa, Greenberg ya kammala da cewa Finney yana faɗin gaskiya. Juola & Associates sun kuma gano cewa  Imel ɗin Finney ya yi kama da  sauran rubuce -rubuce fiye da na Finney. Finney ta 'yan'uwanmu extropian da kuma wani lokacin co-blogger Robin Hanson sanya wani kayadadden Yiwuwar "a kalla" 15% cewa "Hal aka fi hannu fiye da ya ta ce", kafin ƙarin shaidun da shawarar cewa ba haka al'amarin. 

### Dorian
A cikin babban labarin 6 Maris 2014 a cikin mujallar *Newsweek*,  'yar jarida Leah McGrath Goodman ta gano Dorian Prentice  , wani Ba’amurke Ba’amurke ne da ke zaune a California, wanda sunan haihuwarsa  ,    a matsayin  cikin tambaya. Bayan sunansa, Goodman ya yi nuni da wasu hujjoji da dama da ke nuna cewa shi mai ƙirƙira bitcoin ne.  An koyar da shi azaman masanin kimiyyar lissafi a Jami'ar Cal Poly a Pomona,  yayi aiki a matsayin injiniyan injiniya akan ayyukan tsaro na musamman da injiniyan kwamfuta don fasaha da kamfanonin sabis na bayanan kuɗi.  an sallame shi sau biyu a farkon shekarun 1990 kuma ya zama mai sassaucin ra'ayi, a cewar 'yarsa, kuma ya karfafa mata gwiwar fara kasuwancin nata "ba a karkashin babban yatsa na gwamnati ba." A cikin labarin mafi girman shaidar, Goodman ya rubuta cewa lokacin da ta tambaye shi game da bitcoin yayin ɗan gajeren hirar mutum,  Da alama ya tabbatar da asalinsa a matsayin wanda ya kafa bitcoin ta hanyar furta: “Ban shiga cikin hakan ba kuma ba zan iya tattauna shi ba. An ba da shi ga wasu mutane. Su ke kula da shi yanzu. Ba ni da wata alaƙa. ”  

Buga labarin ya haifar da sha'awar kafofin watsa labarai, gami da manema labarai da ke sansani kusa da Dorian  gidansu da dabara suna binsa da mota lokacin da yayi tuƙi don yin hira.  Koyaya, yayin hirar mai cikakken tsawon lokaci, Dorian  ya musanta duk wata alaƙa da bitcoin, yana mai cewa bai taɓa jin labarin kuɗin ba a da, kuma ya yi kuskuren fassara tambayar Goodman da cewa game da aikin da ya gabata ne na 'yan kwangila na soja, yawancinsu an rarrabasu.  A cikin hirar Reddit "tambaya-ni-komai", ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya yi kuskuren fassara tambayar Goodman da cewa yana da alaƙa da aikinsa na Citibank .  Daga baya a wannan rana, da pseudonymous  Asusun P2P Foundation ya buga saƙo na farko a cikin shekaru biyar, yana mai cewa: "Ni ba Dorian  . "   A watan Satumba, asusun ya sake buga wani sako yana cewa an yi masa kutse, inda ya haifar da tambayoyi kan sahihancin sakon da ya gabata.  

A watan Disamba na 2013, blogger Skye Gray ya haɗa Nick Szabo da farar takarda ta bitcoin ta amfani da hanyar da ya bayyana a matsayin bincike na salo .    Szabo mai son kuɗi ne mai rarrabawa, kuma ya buga takarda akan "bit zinariya", ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fara bitcoin. An san cewa yana da sha'awar yin amfani da sunaye a cikin shekarun 1990.  A cikin labarin Mayu 2011, Szabo ya faɗi game da mahaliccin bitcoin: "Ni kaina,  , da Hal Finney sune kawai mutanen da na sani waɗanda ke son ra'ayin (ko a cikin  idan har ra'ayinsa mai alaƙa) ya isa ya bi shi har zuwa  (dauka  ba Finney bane ko  ). " 

Marubucin kuɗi Dominic Frisby yana ba da shaidu da yawa amma, kamar yadda ya yarda, babu wata hujja cewa  shine Sabo.  Koyaya, Szabo ya musanta kasancewa  . A cikin imel na Yuli 2014 zuwa Frisby, ya ce: “Na gode don sanar da ni. Ina tsoron kada ku yi kuskure doxing ni a matsayin  , amma na saba da shi. ”  Nathaniel Popper ya rubuta a cikin *New York Times* cewa "hujja mafi gamsarwa ta nuna wani ba'amurke ɗan asalin ƙasar Hungary mai suna Nick Szabo." 

### Craig Wright
 
A ranar 8 ga Disamba, 2015, *Wired* ya rubuta cewa Craig Steven Wright, masanin ilimin Australiya, "ko dai ya ƙirƙira bitcoin ko kuma ƙwararren mahaukaci ne wanda ke matukar son mu yarda cewa ya yi".  Craig Wright ya saukar da asusun sa na Twitter kuma shi ko tsohuwar matar sa ba ta amsa tambayoyin manema labarai ba. A wannan ranar, Gizmodo ya buga labari tare da shaidar da ake zargin wani dan gwanin kwamfuta ya shiga cikin asusun imel na Wright, yana mai cewa  sunaye ne na haɗin gwiwa na Craig Steven Wright da kuma masanin binciken kwakwaf na kwamfuta David Kleiman, wanda ya mutu a 2013.  Jon Matonis (tsohon darektan Gidauniyar Bitcoin ) da mai haɓaka bitcoin Gavin Andresen da kuma masanin kimiyyar Ian Grigg sun goyi bayan da'awar Wright.  

Yawancin shahararrun masu tallata bitcoin sun kasance ba su gamsu da rahotannin ba.  Rahotannin da suka biyo baya kuma sun tayar da yuwuwar shaidar da aka bayar ta zama ƙarara,   wanda *Wired ya* yarda da "jefa shakku" akan shawarar su cewa Wright shine  .  Mai haɓaka Bitcoin Bitrus Todd ya ce post ɗin blog ɗin Wright, wanda ya bayyana yana ƙunshe da hujjojin ɓoye, a zahiri bai ƙunshi komai ba.  Mai haɓaka Bitcoin Jeff Garzik ya yarda cewa shaidar da Wright ya bayar a bainar jama'a ba ta tabbatar da komai ba, kuma mai binciken tsaro Dan Kaminsky ya kammala da'awar Wright da cewa "zamba ce da gangan". 

A cikin 2019 Wright yayi rijistar haƙƙin mallaka na Amurka don fararen takarda bitcoin da lambar don Bitcoin 0.1.  Teamungiyar Wright sun yi iƙirarin cewa wannan "amincewar hukumar gwamnati ce ta Craig Wright a matsayin  ";  Ofishin haƙƙin mallaka na Amurka ya ba da sanarwar manema labarai da ke fayyace cewa ba haka lamarin yake ba. 

### Sauran 'yan takara
A cikin labarin 2011 a *cikin New Yorker*, Joshua Davis ya yi iƙirarin taƙaita asalin  ga mutane da dama da za su yiwu, ciki har da masanin tattalin arziƙin Finnish Dokta Vili Lehdonvirta da ɗalibin Irish Michael Clear, wanda a cikin 2008 dalibi ne mai karatun digiri na farko a Kwalejin Trinity Dublin .  Clear ya musanta cewa shi  ,  kamar yadda Lehdonvirta yayi. 

A cikin Oktoba 2011, rubutawa ga *Fast Company*, ɗan jarida mai bincike Adam Penenberg ya kawo shaidu da ke nuna cewa Neal King, Vladimir Oksman da Charles Bry na iya zama  .  Sun haɗu tare da aikace -aikacen patent wanda ya ƙunshi kalmar "ƙididdigar da ba ta dace ba don juyawa" a cikin 2008, wanda kuma  .  An yi rijistar sunan yankin bitcoin.org kwanaki uku bayan an shigar da patent. Duk mutanen uku sun musanta kasancewa  lokacin da Penenberg ta tuntube shi. 

A watan Mayu 2013, Ted Nelson yayi hasashen cewa   dan kasar Japan ne .  Daga baya, an buga wata kasida a *jaridar The Age da* ta yi ikirarin cewa  ya musanta wadannan hasashe, amma ba tare da danganta tushen musun ba. 

Labarin 2013 a cikin *Mataimakin ya* lissafa Gavin Andresen, Jed McCaleb, ko wata hukumar gwamnati a matsayin 'yan takarar zama  . 

A cikin 2013, masanan ilmin lissafi na Isra’ila biyu, Dorit Ron da Adi Shamir, sun buga wata takarda da ke ikirarin haɗi tsakanin  da Ross Ulbricht . Su biyun sun dogara da tuhumarsu akan nazarin cibiyar sadarwar ma'amaloli na bitcoin,  amma daga baya sun janye da'awarsu. 

A cikin 2016, *Financial Times ta* ce  wataƙila ƙungiyar mutane ce da ke ambaton Hal Finney, Nick Szabo, Cyrano Jones da Adam Back a matsayin membobi masu yuwuwa.  A cikin 2020, tashar YouTube *Barely Sociable ta* yi iƙirarin cewa Adam Back, wanda ya ƙirƙira magabacin bitcoin Hashcash, shine  .  Baya baya musanta wannan. 

Elon Musk musanta cewa shi Nakamoto a tweet a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba 2017, amsa hasashe baya mako a wani medium.com post da wani tsohon SpaceX ɗalibin kwalejin likita. 

A cikin jaridar 2019 Evan Ratliff ya yi iƙirarin dillalin miyagun ƙwayoyi Paul Le Roux na iya zama  .

## Manazarta

* [./Satoshi_Nakamoto#cite_ref-79 Ƙari] "Shin wannan mai siyar da magunguna na duniya ne ya ƙirƙira Bitcoin? Baka! " . *AUREN* .

## Hanyoyin waje

* ''Alamar Satoshi'' . Andrew O'Hagan akan rayuwar Satoshi Nakamoto da yawa

## Manazarta