open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Stanley Kalms, Baron Kalms

**Harold Stanley Kalms, Baron Kalms** (21 Nuwamba 1931 - 30 Maris 2025) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan Birtaniya wanda ya kasance shugaban ƙasa na tsawon rai kuma shugaban Currys plc . A shekarar 1948 ya shiga Dixons, wanda mahaifinsa Charles Kalms ya kafa a shekarar 1937. Ya shafe dukkan aikinsa tare da kamfanin, ta hanyar haɗakarsa da siye-siye daban-daban zuwa Currys. 

Kalms ya kasance shugaban Volvere plc, wata ƙungiyar masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ta Birtaniya, daga 2002 zuwa 2011.

## Bayani
Stanley Kalms ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Christ's, Finchley . Ya auri Pamela Jimack a shekarar 1954. Sun haifi 'ya'ya maza uku (Richard, Stephen da Paul) da kuma jikoki takwas.  Kalms ya rasu a ranar 30 ga Maris, 2025, yana da shekaru 93. 

## Sana'a
Kalms ya shiga Dixons a shekarar 1948 yana da shekaru 16 kuma tsawon shekaru ya haɓaka kamfanin daga kasuwancin iyali ɗaya zuwa babban kamfanin Turai.  ƙwararren mai sayar da wutar lantarki. An naɗa Kalms Shugaban Dixons Group plc a shekarar 1971.  Ya kuma kasance Gwamnan Kwalejin Dixons City da ke Bradford, West Yorkshire (inda aka sanya wa wani rukunin gidajen wasan kwaikwayo suna don girmama shi), Daraktan Kasuwanci na Sterling, kuma Darakta na Cibiyar Nazarin Tattalin Arziki da Zamantakewa ta Ƙasa 

## Daraja
Kalms yana da kusanci da Jami'ar Buckingham . Ya sami digirin girmamawa daga Buckingham,  kuma Chris Woodhead shine Farfesa na Ilimi na Sir Stanley Kalms. Ya sami matsayin jarumi a cikin 1996 na girmamawa na Sabuwar Shekara   saboda ayyukansa ga masana'antar sayar da wutar lantarki kuma ya zama kamar **Baron Kalms**, na Edgware a cikin London Borough of Barnet a 2004. 

Kalms ya daina zama memba na Majalisar Dattawa a ranar 9 ga Yuli, 2024 a ƙarƙashin Dokar Gyaran Majalisar Dattawa ta 2014 saboda rashin halartar zaman Majalisar da ya gabata. 

## Manazarta
Kwalejin Roseworthy

**,**

**Kwalejin Aikin Gona ta Roseworthy** kwalejin noma ce a Ostiraliya . Yana da nisan kilomita  (31  a arewacin Adelaide da nisan kilometre  (4.3  a yammacin garin Roseworthy. Ita ce kwalejin noma ta farko a Ostiraliya, wacce aka kafa a 1883. Yanzu yana cikin Jami'ar Adelaide.

## Tarihi

### Kafawa
Kwalejin Roseworthy ta kasance sakamakon wani shiri na bunkasa gonar misali. Manufar ita ce kwalejin za ta zama fadada Jami'ar Adelaide kuma Farfesa na Aikin Gona zai gudanar da shi. An bar haɗin tare da Jami'ar kuma a cikin 1882 John D. Custance  ya ɗauki darektan kuma a cikin shekara ta 1883 an kammala Babban Ginin kwalejin. Custance na iya kasancewa mai inganci amma ya yi adawa da 'yan siyasa masu iko, kuma an kore shi. A shekara ta 1887, an nada William Lowrie a matsayin shugaban, amma ya yi murabus a shekara ta 1901 bayan an soki shi a majalisar. Walter Richard Birks (1886-1960), shugaban daga 1927 zuwa 1932, ya kasance fitaccen jami'in koleji  amma an tilasta masa ya yi murabus bayan rashin gamsuwar ɗalibai ya ƙare a yajin aiki. 

### Shekaru ɗari
A shekara ta 1983, littafin shekara ɗari na kwalejin ya bayyana cewa: "Kolejin ya ƙunshi kusan hekta 1,200 na ƙasa, mafi yawansu ana amfani da su azaman gonar koyarwa da nunawa. Akwai kimanin hekta 500 da aka shuka don alkama, sha'ir, oats, mai da amfanin gona na magani, tare da hekta 10 na gonar inabi da lambu. Ginin yana ɗauke da tumaki, Shorthorn naman sa, Jersey da Friesian dabbobin madara, aladu, naman aladu, da kuma wakiltar kewa da yawa suna samar da wasu rassan da yawa na Kwalejin suna samar da yawa, Rose.

### Haɗuwa
Kwalejin Roseworthy ta kasance sashen daban na gwamnatin Kudancin Australia har zuwa 1973 lokacin da ta zama Kwalejin Ilimi mai zurfi a ƙarƙashin Ma'aikatar Ilimi, kuma a hukumance tana da haɗin kai. Har zuwa shekara ta 1972 tana da ɗaliban maza ne kawai kuma da farko kwalejin zama ne.

A shekara ta 1991, Kwalejin ta haɗu da Jami'ar Adelaide kuma ta zama Cibiyar Roseworthy ta Jami'ar, wani ɓangare na Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences. Haɗin zai ga koyarwa da bincike a cikin ilimin oenology da viticulture an canja shi zuwa Cibiyar Waite ta Jami'ar, tare da yawancin aikinta a cikin kiwon shuke-shuke.  (Shirye-shiryen ya kasance mai kawo rigima a lokacin, kuma Majalisar Tarayyar Dalibai (RACSUC) ta gudanar da farkawa don jaddada makomar kwalejin / harabar a karkashin Jami'ar Adelaide.) 

## Manazarta
Greg Findlay

**Donald George MacGregor Findlay** (24 ga Agusta, 1942 - 11 ga Mayu, 2021) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Kanada wanda ya buga wasa na tsawon shekaru 12 a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Kanada (CFL) ga ƙungiyar BC Lions daga 1962 zuwa 1973.

A shekarar 1971, yayin da yake ɗan wasa mai himma, Findlay ya zama shugaban ƙungiyar 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Kanada .

Mahaifin Findlay Stephen Findlay ya buga wa Hamilton Tigers wasa a gasar cin kofin Grey ta 23.  Ɗansa Anthony Findlay ya buga wa Saskatchewan Roughriders wasa a shekarar 1994.  Jikansa Jackson Findlay yana buga wa CFL wasa. Ɗan uwansa Brooks Findlay shi ma ya buga wa CFL wasa.

Greg ya mutu a ranar 11 ga Mayu, 2021, a Langley, British Columbia . 

## Manazarta
HEUG

**Ƙungiyar Masu Amfani da Ilimi Mai Girma (HEUG)** ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta duniya wacce manufarta ita ce "Ƙungiyar Masu Amfani da Ilimi Mai Girma ita ce babbar ƙungiyar masu amfani a duniya a fannin ilimi mai zurfi, tana haɗin gwiwa don cimma matsakaicin fa'ida daga saka hannun jari a cikin mutane, hanyoyin kasuwanci da fasaha."  HEUG tana wakiltar sama da harabar jami'o'i 900 da kuma mutane sama da 30,000 daga ƙasashe 37 a nahiyoyi 6, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama babbar ƙungiyar Masu Amfani mai zaman kanta a duniya.

## Tarihi
HEUG ta samo asali ne daga ƙoƙarin da wasu mutane masu himma suka yi a ƙananan cibiyoyin ilimi waɗanda suka fara ɗaukar nauyinsu, abokan hulɗar beta, da cibiyoyin haya na tsarin Financials, Human Resources, da Campus Solutions na PeopleSoft a ƙarshen shekarun 1990. Da farko an san ƙungiyar da HESIG (Higher Education Special Interest Group) kuma ta gudanar da taruka uku a ƙarƙashin wannan sunan a Dallas, Texas daga 1998 zuwa 2000. An kafa HEUG bisa doka a matsayin ƙungiya ta 501(c)(3) a shekara ta 2001.

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Al'ummar HEUG
Otago NORML

**Jami'ar Otago NORML** (wanda kuma aka sani da Otago NORML ko NORML Dunedin) ƙungiya ce ta ɗaliban da ke fafutukar kawo sauyi ga dokokin cannabis a Jami'ar Otago, wacce ke da alaƙa da Ƙungiyar Ɗaliban Jami'ar Otago.   Ba ta da alaƙa da ƙungiyar gyaran dokokin wiwi ta ƙasa ta New Zealand NORML New Zealand,  wata ƙungiya ce ta Ƙungiyar Ƙasa don Gyaran Dokokin Wiwi (NORML).

Yawancin membobin ɗalibai ne ko kuma waɗanda suka kammala karatunsu kwanan nan a Jami'ar Otago da ke Dunedin, New Zealand.

## Tarihi
Tarihin Otago NORML an rufe shi a cikin shirin fim na 2015 mai suna Druglawed. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

### shekarun 1970
Sally Caswell ta binciki tasirin maye a cikin wiwi ga waɗanda suka yi aikin sa kai daga cikin manyan jami'an Otago NORML. 

### shekarun 1980
Radio One ya fara watsa shirye-shirye ciki har da shirin rediyo na NORML wanda membobin reshen Jami'ar Otago ke gudanarwa a cikin jadawalin. 

### Shekarun 2000
A shekara ta 2000, ƙungiyar ɗaliban jami'ar Otago (OUSA) ta amince da wani kuduri a wani taron SGM cewa ƙungiyar za ta goyi bayan sake fasalin dokokin wiwi a New Zealand a hukumance. 

A shekarar 2003, membobin Otago NORML sun yi tattaki zuwa Ofishin 'Yan Sanda na Tsakiyar Dunedin suka kuma yi wa babban falon shiga cikin akwatin gawa a matsayin wani ɓangare na zanga-zangar ' J-Day ' ta shekara-shekara. Kimanin mutane 50 ne suka sha taba wiwi a cikin ofishin 'yan sanda, wanda hakan ya sa ba a kama kowa ba. An kuma dasa bishiyoyin wiwi a lambun gaba na ofishin. Lokacin da aka tambaye su game da rashin aikinsu a cikin jaridar *Otago Daily Times*, Insifekta Dave Campbell na 'Yan Sandan Dunedin ya ce suna da abubuwa mafi kyau da za su yi. 

A shekara ta 2004, an sake rufe Ofishin 'Yan Sanda na Dunedin, a wannan karon kusan mutane 100 ne suka shiga, wanda hakan ya sa ba a kama kowa ba.  Daga nan aka fara zaman shan taba wiwi na mako-mako a harabar Jami'ar Otago. 

## Manazarta
Tsarin jirgin Helikofta

**Tsarin Helikwafta** wani fanni ne da ke cikin injiniyancin sararin samaniya wanda ya shafi fannoni na nazari da aiki na jirgin helikwafta . Ya ƙunshi tsarin sararin samaniya na helikwafta, kwanciyar hankali, sarrafawa, tsarin motsi, girgiza, da kwanciyar hankali na aeroelastic da aeromechanical. 

Ta hanyar nazarin ƙarfin da ke tattare da tashi da helikwafta, ana iya yin ingantattun ƙira na helikwafta, kodayake saboda girman da saurin motsi, gwajin jiki ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba kuma mai tsada. A cikin 2013, an nuna cewa haɗakar stereophotogrammetry da gyaran jiki mai tauri a cikin aikin bayan sarrafawa sun zama kayan aiki mai inganci don yin waɗannan nazarin, kuma an auna ƙarfin motsi na helikwafta Robinson R44 yayin tashi da ke shawagi, don tantance ƙarfin motsi na ruwa (misali harmonics) da kuma bayanin karkacewa. 

## Duba kuma

* Tsarin jirgin sama (jirgin sama)
* Ana loda faifan diski
* Tsarin Rotordynamics

## Nassoshi
Cibiyar Nazarin Lafiya da Kiwon Lafiya ta Kudancin Australia

**Cibiyar Nazarin Lafiya da Kiwon Lafiya ta Kudancin Australia** (**SAHMRI**) cibiyar bincike ce mai zaman kanta a Adelaide, Kudancin Ostiraliya . Cibiyar tana cikin wani gini mai suna da aka gina da manufa tare da ƙirar "cheese-grater" wanda masu zanen gine-gine Woods Bagot suka kirkira, wanda ke cikin yankin kiwon lafiya da kiwon lafiya na Kudancin Australia a Arewacin Terrace, a gabashin Asibitin Royal Adelaide.

Cibiyar ta kunshi kimanin masu bincike 700, da yawa daga cikinsu suna da alaƙa da, kuma suna aiki tare da, wasu cibiyoyin bincike a Ostiraliya da ƙasashen waje.

## Kafawa
A cikin 2007 Gwamnatin Kudancin Australia ta ba da umarnin Binciken Lafiya da Binciken Kiwon Lafiya a Kudancin Ostiraliya. Farfesa John Shine da Alan Young ne suka gudanar da bita. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2008 binciken ya ba da shawarar cewa Gwamnatin Kudancin Australia ta kafa sabuwar cibiyar bincike ta kiwon lafiya da kiwon lafiya, da kuma asusun da za su tallafa wa cibiyar.

Gwamnatin Kudancin Australia ta himmatu ga kafa cibiyar, kuma Gwamnatin Australiya ta ba da dala miliyan 200 don taimakawa wajen gina ginin cibiyar. An kafa cibiyar a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2009.

## Gudanarwa
SAHMRI tana karkashin jagorancin kwamitin mutum tara wanda ya hada da wakilan jami'o'i uku na Kudancin Australia: Jami'ar Flinders, Jami'ar Adelaide da Jami'ar Kudancin Ostiraliya. Darakta na farko na SAHMRI tun daga shekara ta 2011 shine Farfesa Steve Wesselingh.

An kafa cibiyar a hukumance a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2009.

## Masu bincike
Cibiyar ta kunshi kimanin masu bincike 700, da yawa daga cikinsu suna da alaƙa da, kuma suna aiki tare da, wasu cibiyoyin bincike a Ostiraliya da ƙasashen waje.h

## Manazarta
Na'urar ɗuma Ruwa

**Mantle mai dumama**, ko **isomantle**, wani kayan aikin dakin gwaje-gwaje ne da ake amfani da shi don shafa zafi a cikin kwantena, a madadin wasu nau'ikan wanka mai dumama . Sabanin sauran na'urorin dumama, kamar na'urorin dumama ko na'urorin ƙonawa na Bunsen, ana iya sanya kwantena na gilashi a cikin hulɗa kai tsaye da mantle mai dumama ba tare da ƙara haɗarin fashewar gilashin ba, saboda an rufe abin dumama na mantle mai dumama daga cikin kwantena don hana yawan canjin zafin jiki. Mantle mai dumama na iya samun siffofi daban-daban. A cikin tsari na gama gari, ana saka wayoyi na lantarki a cikin wani yanki na masana'anta wanda za a iya naɗe shi a kusa da kwalba.  Wutar da aka samar wa na'urar, don haka zafin da aka samu, ana daidaita shi ta hanyar rheostat. Wannan nau'in mantle mai dumama yana da amfani sosai don kiyaye zafin da aka yi niyya a cikin mazubin rabawa, misali, bayan an cire abubuwan da ke cikin amsawar daga babban tushen zafi.

Wani nau'in mayafin dumamawa na iya kama da gwangwanin fenti kuma an gina shi a matsayin "kwando" a cikin gwangwani mai siffar silinda (wanda galibi ana yin sa da filastik ko ƙarfe kamar aluminum ). Waje mai tauri na ƙarfe yana goyan bayan "kwando" da aka yi da yadi kuma ya haɗa da abubuwan dumama a cikin jikin mayafin dumamawa. Don dumama abu, ana sanya shi a cikin kwandon mayafin dumamawa.

Sabanin sauran hanyoyin shafa zafi a cikin kwalba, kamar wanka mai mai ko wanka na ruwa, amfani da mayafin dumama ba ya haifar da ragowar ruwa da zai diga daga kwalbar. Haka kuma, mayafin dumama gabaɗaya yana rarraba zafi daidai a saman kwalbar kuma yana nuna ƙarancin yiwuwar haifar da wurare masu haɗari.

## Duba kuma

* tukunyar tukunya biyu
* Kayan dumama
* Kayan aikin dakin gwaje-gwaje
* Gauze na waya

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*
Cibiyar Kashe Ice

**Cibiyar Kankara ta Breakaway** wani filin wasan hockey ne na cikin gida da ke Tewksbury, Massachusetts . Wurin yana da manyan wuraren wasan kankara guda biyu da kuma ƙananan wuraren wasan roba. 

## Tarihi
An buɗe Cibiyar Kankara ta Breakaway a kaka ta 2004 a matsayin wurin shakatawa na jama'a guda ɗaya a Tewksbury, Massachusetts . Duk da haka, ƙasa da shekaru 4 bayan haka, filin wasan ya riga ya ga buƙatar da ake buƙata don yin babban gyara don ƙara filin wasan kankara na biyu. Boston North Hockey  ta sayi Wurin a watan Satumba na 2020 kuma, ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, ya zama wurin shakatawa na Boston Jr. Rangers . Bayan siyan, Cibiyar Kankara ta Breakaway ta sake yin gyare-gyare don inganta rufin rufi, ƙarfin wurin zama da kayan kwantar da hankali da kuma ƙara wuraren shakatawa guda biyu na roba da sabon zamboni .

## Manazarta
Sir Hubert Wilkins Shugaban Canjin Yanayi

Sir Hubert Wilkins Chair of Climate Change wani alƙawari ne na musamman da aka yi a Jami'ar Adelaide kuma Gwamnatin Kudancin Australia ce ta ba da kuɗin. An kafa shi tare da kudade na shekaru hudu, farawa a cikin 2006-07. Matsayin Shugaban shine ya ba da shawara ga gwamnati, masana'antu, da al'umma kan yadda za a magance Canjin yanayi. Har ila yau, an ba da umurni ga Shugaban don tattara ƙwarewa a cikin canjin yanayi daga ko'ina cikin jami'ar. Wanda aka nada a matsayin shi ne Farfesa Barry Brook wanda ya rike mukamin na tsawon shekaru 8 har zuwa Disamba 2014. Daga 1 ga Janairun 2015 zuwa 15 ga Janairu 2017, Farfesa Corey J. A. Bradshaw ne ya rike mukamin. Ba a san ko matsayin zai ci gaba ba.

## Nomenclature
Mai ba da sunan Shugaban, Sir Hubert Wilkins, mai bincike ne na Kudancin Australia wanda ya yi nazarin yanayi da tasirinsa ga mutane. Sir Hubert ya kuma damu game da asarar tsire-tsire da dabbobi na asali a lokacin da 'yan Australia kalilan suka damu da kiyayewa.

## Manazarta
George Mackaness

**George Bellamy Mackaness** (20 ga watan Agustan 1922 - 4 ga watan Maris 2007) ya kasance farfesa ne na Australiya na ilimin microbiology, Masanin rigakafi, marubuci da mai gudanarwa, wanda ya yi bincike kuma ya bayyana tarihin rayuwar macrophage. Ya nuna cewa ta hanyar kamuwa da beraye tare da ƙwayoyin cuta na intracellular, ana iya kunna macrophages don kai farmaki ga wasu ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin, wanda ke haifar da ƙarin bincike kan "ƙaddamar da macrophage", kalmar da aka haɗa shi da ita.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi George Bellamy Mackaness a ranar 20 ga watan Agustan 1922 a Sydney, Ostiraliya, ɗan na uku na James Vincent Mackaness, mai sayar da kayan masarufi na Sussex Street, da matarsa Eleanor Frances Bellamy Mckaness. Ya yi amfani da sunansa gaba ɗaya don rarrabe kansa daga kawunsa, George Mackaness, marubuci kuma ɗan tarihi. Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Fort Street, kafin ya sami izinin karatun likita a Jami'ar Sydney, daga inda ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko na Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery.

## Farkon aiki
Mackaness ya kammala zama na shekara guda a fannin kiwon lafiya a Asibitin Sydney sannan ya biyo bayan shekara guda a cikin cututtukan asibitin Kanematsu, kafin ya zama mai zanga-zangar a fannin cututtukat. Bayan WWII ya koma London kuma ya kammala Diploma a cikin Clinical Pathology (DCP) a Jami'ar London. A shekara ta 1948 ya yi karatu daga Kwalejin Lincoln, Oxford.

### Makarantar Sir William Dunn ta Pathology

Howard Florey ya bai wa Mackaness aiki a dakin gwaje-gwajensa a Makarantar Koyon Cututtuka ta Sir William Dunn da ke Oxford. A can, Mackeness ya yi aiki a DPhil ɗinsa tare da James Learmonth Gowans da kuma daga baya Henry Harris. Babban binciken da Mackaness ya yi a kan aikin da ya yi a matsayinsa na DPhil da macrophages wajen kashe *[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis|tarin fuka na Mycobacterium]].* cewa ta hanyar sanya wa beraye ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta, ana iya kunna macrophages don kai hari ga wasu ƙwayoyin cuta. Ya haifar da ƙaruwar bincike kan "kunna macrophage", kalmar da ya taɓa alaƙanta da ita. Gano maganin rigakafi shine abin da ya fi sha'awa kuma aikinsa a wannan fanni daga baya ya sa ya sami damar shiga ƙungiyar Royal Society .  Bisa ga shawarar Florey, Mackaness ya ɗauki nauyin nazarin magungunan hana tarin fuka, ciki har da streptomycin da isoniazid.h

## Manazarta
Union Hall (Adelaide)

**Union Hall** wani gidan wasan kwaikwayo ne, zauren da gidan wasan kwaikwayo wanda ke kan harabar North Terrace na Jami'ar Adelaide, a Kudancin Australia . An gina shi a shekara ta 1958, Union Hall ya zama wurin wasan kwaikwayo don bukukuwa da shirye-shirye daban-daban har zuwa shekara ta 2007. An rushe shi a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2010 don samar da sabon yanki na kimiyya.

## Tarihi
A shekara ta 1955, don mayar da martani ga karancin sararin dalibai a harabar Arewacin Terrace, Jami'ar Adelaide ta fara kiran jama'a don kudade da za a gyara da fadada gine-ginen Jami'ar Adélaïde Union (AUU).  Roƙon ya tara £ 103,761, tare da gudummawar da ta haɗa da £ 6,000 daga AUU da £ 12,000 daga Holden. Yawancin waɗannan kudaden an ware su don gina gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai ma'ana don amfani da Tarayyar. Masanin gine-ginen Kudancin Australia Louis Laybourne Smith ne ya tsara shi,  an sanya sunan ginin "Union Hall", kuma an buɗe shi a ranar 8 ga watan Agusta 1958. An gina zauren tare da kujeru 499, don haka kauce wa dokar da ke buƙatar mai kashe gobara na cikakken lokaci don gine-gine tare da damar zama na 500 ko fiye.

Union Hall ya kasance wurin zama na bikin farko na Adelaide na Arts a cikin 1960 da kuma wurin zama na farko na 10 Adelaide Film Festivals, daga 1959 zuwa 1968. 

### Rushewa
A watan Satumbar 2009, Jami'ar Adelaide ta ba da sanarwar cewa za a rushe Union Hall don gina sabon yanki na kimiyya wanda ke kan Cibiyar da aka tsara don Photonics da Advanced Sensing. Sanarwar ta sadu da adawa daga al'ummar zane-zane na gida,  National Trust of South Australia,  da City of Adelaide  A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2010, an jera zauren na wucin gadi a cikin Registry na Tarihin Jiha,   yana ba da izinin gabatarwar daga jama'a game da matsayin al'adun zauren. Koyaya, a watan Satumba, Ministan Muhalli da Kare Muhalli na Kudancin Australia Paul Caica ya cire shi daga rajista,  kuma an rushe zauren tsakanin 17 da 26 ga Nuwamba na wannan shekarar.

## Manazarta
Haɗin HDI-45

**HDI-45** ɗaya ce daga cikin mahaɗan bidiyo na Apple Computer mallakar kamfanin Apple . Haɗin bidiyo mai fil 45, HDI yana nufin High-Density Interconnect.

## Amfani
An yi amfani da waɗannan haɗin ne kawai a cikin kwamfutocin Power Macintosh na ƙarni na farko ( Power Macintosh 6100, 7100 da 8100 ), musamman haɗa waɗannan kwamfutocin zuwa Nuni na Apple AudioVision 14, nuni ɗaya tilo da za a yi amfani da wannan haɗin. Sauran nunin Apple da nunin ɓangare na uku za a iya amfani da su tare da adaftar musamman don wurin ajiya akan kwamfutar ("Canneloni", ɓangaren Apple M2681LL/A ko 590-0796-A)  ko kebul mai fashewa ("Calamari", Apple M1243LL/A ko 590-0793-A) don kebul ɗin da aka haɗa har abada zuwa allon da ke canza wannan tashar jiragen ruwa ta musamman zuwa mahaɗin DA-15 na yau da kullun.  

## Fasaha
Baya ga ɗaukar bidiyon analog RGB, mahaɗin yana goyan bayan siginar sauti ta analog stereo (shigarwa da fitarwa), Apple Desktop Bus (ADB), da shigarwar S-video .  Saboda AudioVision 14 Display yana da masu haɗin da aka ɗora a gaba don ADB da sauti da bidiyo, an yi amfani da kebul ɗaya mai haɗaka da mahaɗin mallakar don sauƙaƙe haɗin zuwa kwamfuta da rage cunkoson kebul. 

## Duba kuma

* Haɗin Bidiyo Mai Ingantaccen VESA, wani tsari makamancin haka don haɗa kebul da yawa

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* "HDI-45 Pinout"
Jami'ar Adelaide Press

**Jami'ar Adelaide Press** (UAP) ita ce ƙungiyar buga littattafai ta Jami'ar Adélaide . Ya buga tallafin karatu na tsara a cikin bugawa da budewa. Mawallafi kuma wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel J. M. Coetzee ne ya ƙaddamar da shi daga 2009 zuwa 2018, tare da aikin ƙarshe da aka buga a watan Fabrairun 2019. 

## Tarihi
A cikin shekarun 1920, a lokacin da Jami'ar Melbourne ta kafa jami'ar jami'a ta farko ta Ostiraliya, Jami'ar Adelaide ta fara buga lakabi a ƙarƙashin alamomi daban-daban. Tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da masu bugawa, G Hassell & Co, jami'ar ta samar da ayyukan tattarawa na fata da aka ɗaure da hannu wanda aka tsara akan fitarwa na Jami'ar Oxford Press. 

An kafa Barr Smith Press imprint (mai suna bayan babban ɗakin karatu na jami'ar) a cikin 1991, kuma ya buga wasikar Joanna Elder da Robert Barr Smith a cikin 1996. Daga 2005 zuwa 2007, an buga littattafai huɗu tare da sake suna 'Jami'ar Adelaide Barr Smith Press' a ƙarƙashin jagorancin John Emerson, wanda kuma ya gudanar da manema labarai a ƙarƙashin sunan UAP daga 2009.

## Ayyuka
An raba 'yan jarida zuwa nau'o'i biyu, 'Jami'ar Adelaide Press' da 'Barr Smith Press'. Jami'ar Adelaide Press ta buga tallafin karatu na tsara. Jaridar Barr Smith Press ta wallafa ayyukan sha'awa game da tarihin da ayyukan Jami'ar Adelaide, gami da abubuwan tunawa, tarihin rayuwa da tarihin kungiyoyinta da cibiyoyinta.

A matsayin mai bugawa mai budewa wanda jami'ar ta tallafawa, an samar da lakabi na UAP a matsayin littattafai na kyauta a lokacin bugawa. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2015, an sauke littattafan lantarki sama da rabin miliyan. UAP ta buga kusan lakabi 80 a cikin shekaru 10 na aiki, kuma suna nan a matsayin PDFs kyauta a shafin yanar gizon ta kuma don sayen a cikin bugawa.

## Manazarta
The Medical City Ortigas

Asibitin **Medical City Ortigas** asibiti ne na kula da marasa lafiya a Pasig, Metro Manila, Philippines . An buɗe shi a shekarar 2004, kuma shine babban asibitin The Medical City (TMC) wanda ke kula da hanyar sadarwa ta asibitoci da asibitoci waɗanda galibi suna cikin Philippines.

## Tarihi
An buɗe asibitin The Medical City na asali a matsayin Asibitin ABM Sison a shekarar 1967 a kan titin San Miguel da ke Mandaluyong,  An sake wa cibiyar lafiyar suna zuwa "Birnin Likitanci" ko TMC a shekarar 1975. 

A shekara ta 2000, The Medical City ta fara gina sabon ginin asibitinta a tsohon gidan Meralco da ke kan titin Ortigas da ke Pasig . Ginin ya kai darajar ₱ biliyan 2.1 kuma an kammala shi a shekara ta 2004.  

Asibitin yana daga cikin asibitoci da yawa a Metro Manila wanda ke kula da marasa lafiya na COVID-19 a lokacin annobar COVID-19 a Philippines tare da kayan aikin da suka wuce iyawa a wani lokaci.

### Sanannun marasa lafiya
A matsayinta na ɗaya daga cikin fitattun asibitoci a Metro Manila da Philippines gaba ɗaya, The Medical City Ortigas ta yi wa wasu fitattun mutane 'yan ƙasar Philippines magani, kuma ita ce wurin da wasu daga cikinsu suka mutu. Manyan mutanen da suka mutu a TMC Ortigas sun haɗa da mawakin rap Francis Magalona a shekarar 2009, tsohon Alkalin Alkalai Renato Corona da aka tsige a shekarar 2016, da kuma mawakin ƙasa na fina-finai da fasahar watsa shirye-shirye Nora Aunor a shekarar 2025.

## Kayan aiki
Babban asibitin yana kan titin Kaya  a kan titin Ortigas, kusan a cikin yankin kasuwanci na Ortigas Center da ke Pasig, Metro Manila . Ya ƙunshi  na sararin bene, ya haɗa da Hasumiyoyin Kula da Marasa Lafiya guda biyu waɗanda za a iya sanya su har zuwa gadaje 800. Hasumiyoyin biyu suna da Filin Wasa, hanyoyin gadoji, da Hasumiyar Fasaha ta Lafiya. Bene 18 na Hasumiyar Fasaha ta Lafiya yana da asibitoci 280 na likitoci da wasu wurare na kasuwanci, yayin da suke cikin Filin Wasa mai hawa shida akwai wuraren bincike da shiga tsakani, da kuma ofisoshin tallafi da gudanarwa. 

Asibitin yana da wurin ajiye motoci mai hawa uku a ƙasa don motoci sama da dubu. An kuma sanye shi da kayan tsaro iri-iri, tsarin kula da gine-gine na zamani, da kuma kayan kariya daga cututtuka da aka haɗa a cikin wuraren da marasa lafiya ke da hankali. 

## Manazarta
Jami'ar Adelaide Theatre Guild

**Jami'ar Adelaide Theatre Guild** kamfani ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Kudancin Australia wanda ba don riba ba  wanda ya dogara da harabar Arewa Terrace na Jami'ardelaide.  An kafa shi a 1938, an amince da Guild a matsayin wata ƙungiya da ke da alaƙa da Jami'ar, tare da kasancewa a matsayin kulob a cikin Kungiyar Kungiyoyinta. Yana daya daga cikin kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo na Australia da suka fi tsayi.

## Tarihi
A matsayin mai bugawa mai budewa wanda jami'ar ta tallafawa, an samar da lakabi na UAP a matsayin littattafai na kyauta a lokacin bugawa. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2015, an sauke littattafan lantarki sama da rabin miliyan. UAP ta buga kusan lakabi 80 a cikin shekaru 10 na aiki, kuma suna nan a matsayin PDFs kyauta a shafin yanar gizon ta kuma don sayen a cikin bugawa.

A cikin shekarun 1960, Guild ta buga kanun labarai  lokacin da aka kama ta a tsakiyar wata takaddama tsakanin Patrick White da Kwamitin Gwamnonin Bikin Adelaide game da fara wasan farko da aka buga, The Ham Funeral.   An ki amincewa da ** daga hadawa a cikin bikin, saboda an dauke shi da 'mai wahala'  ga masu sauraro ta Hukumar Gwamnoni - biyo bayan wannan sanarwar 'mai rikitarwa'   , shugaban Guild Dr. Harry Medlin ya sami kwafin rubutun, kuma ya nace cewa a haɗa shi cikin kakar wasan kwaikwayo ta 1961. Bayan tashin hankali na muhimmancin kasa, wasan kwaikwayon a Jami'ar Adelaide ya sami karbuwa sosai daga masu sukar da masu sauraro,  watakila a wani bangare saboda roƙon da ba shi da kyau. A cikin tarihin David Marr na White, Patrick White: A Life, mai sukar Australiya Geoffrey Dutton ya ce game da *jana'izar Ham* cewa: "[p]watakila akwai tsakanin masu sauraro tunanin cewa ana ci gaba da ci gaba da sakewa a kan kansa, cewa maraice zai zama nasara na tunanin akan matsakaici. "  Don haka ya kasance.

## Manazarta
H.810

**H.810**, "Tsarin watsa labarai na kiwon lafiya ta E-health, ayyuka da aikace-aikace - Tsarin lafiyar mutum", wanda kuma aka sani da Jagororin Tsarin Continua (CDG), Shawarwarin ITU-T ne, wanda aka haɓaka tare da haɗin gwiwar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya .  An fara amincewa da shi ta ƙayyade ƙa'idodi don lafiyar da aka haɗa a cikin 2013. A watan Nuwamba na 2019, an amince da sigar 4 kuma an buga ta. 

## Jagorori
Jagororin wani tsari ne na ƙa'idodi da jagorori da Continua Health Alliance (wanda yanzu wani ɓangare ne na Personal Connected Health Alliance) suka ƙirƙiro don ba da damar haɗin gwiwar na'urori da tsarin kiwon lafiya masu alaƙa da juna. An kafa waɗannan jagorori ne don tabbatar da cewa na'urorin likitanci, tsarin, da aikace-aikacen za su iya sadarwa da juna, musayar bayanai, da kuma samar da haɗin kai a cikin yanayi daban-daban na kiwon lafiya. 

Manyan manufofin Jagororin sune
# Haɗakarwa: Jagororin suna taimakawa wajen tabbatar da cewa na'urori, tsarin, da aikace-aikace daga masana'antun daban-daban za su iya aiki tare ba tare da wata matsala ba, wanda ke ba da damar musayar bayanai masu alaƙa da lafiya.
# Tsaro da Sirri: Jagororin sun bayyana mafi kyawun hanyoyin kiyaye tsaro da sirrin bayanan lafiyar mutum, magance fannoni kamar ɓoye bayanai, sarrafa shiga, da kuma tabbatar da mai amfani.
#Sauƙin Amfani: Jagororin sun yi nufin tabbatar da cewa na'urorin lafiya masu alaƙa da juna suna da sauƙin amfani kuma suna da sauƙin isa ga mutanen da ke da ƙwarewa daban-daban a fannin fasaha, wanda hakan ke ƙarfafa amfani da waɗannan fasahohin ta hanyar masu amfani da yawa.
#Tsarin Aiki Bisa Ka'idoji: An gina jagororin ne bisa ƙa'idodi da tsare-tsare na masana'antu da ake da su, kamar Bluetooth, USB, da ISO/IEEE 11073, don amfani da fasahar da ake da ita da kuma haɓaka karɓuwa a ko'ina.
#Takaddun Shaida: Continua Health Alliance tana ba da shirin ba da takardar shaida ga samfuran da suka bi Ka'idojin Tsarin Continua, suna tabbatar da cewa sun cika ƙa'idodin da ake buƙata don haɗin kai, tsaro, da sauƙin amfani.

## Haɗin gwiwa tsakanin hukumomi kan Lafiyar Dijital
**H.810** da kuma aikin kan lafiya mai alaƙa wani ɓangare ne na Haɗin gwiwar Hukumomi tsakanin ITU da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya kan Lafiyar Dijital, wanda aka gudanar da shi ta hanyar Rukunin Nazarin ITU-T na 16 .

## Tasiri
An ruwaito cewa jagororin sun ceci rayuka a wani bincike da ke sa ido kan lafiyar zuciya na waɗanda suka tsira daga girgizar ƙasa ta 2011 a Japan. 

## Nassoshi
Jami'ar Oval, Adelaide

**Jami'ar Oval**, wacce Jami'ar Adelaide, Kungiyar Wasanni ta Jami'ar Adélaïde  da sauran kungiyoyi daban-daban, wani bangare ne na Park 12 a cikin Adelaide Parklands da ke fadin Kogin Torrens a gaban Jami'ar adélaïde. **Gidan shakatawa 12** 12 yana da iyaka da North Terrace, Frome Road, Sir Edwin Smith Avenue da King William Road.

## Jami'ar Oval

Jami'ar Oval ta ƙunshi Jami'ar Uval No 1 (ƙwarewar 100,000) da No 2 da kuma ƙwallon ƙafa da filayen amfani. Jami'ar Adelaide ce ke ba da ci gaba da Jami'ar Oval  a matsayin tsari na haya daga Majalisar Birnin Adelaide. Yarjejeniyar  ita ce don:

* 3 x filin wasa
* 6 x filin wasan cricket na roba
* 3 x turf horo cricket filayen
* 3 x filin wasan tennis
* Kwallon ƙafa / Lacrosse
* Kwallon ƙafa / Tennis
* Kwallon ƙafa na Cricket / TouchTaɓawa kwallon kafa
* Australia ta doke kwallon kafa

Jami'ar Oval lambar daya ita ce gidan Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Jami'ar Adelaide da kuma kungiyar Cricket ta Jami'an Adelaide.

## Kogin Torrens
Sauran yankunan da ba su da alaƙa da Park 12 sun haɗa da bankunan Kogin Torrens tsakanin Frome Road da King William Road da Torrens Parade Ground. Bankunan Torrens suna da kungiyoyi daban-daban na motsa jiki (Prince Alfred College, Jami'ar Adelaide, Kwalejin Christian Brothers, Adelaide High School da Torrens Rowing Club). Kasuwancin kasuwanci sun mamaye gidan cin abinci na Jolly's Boathouse da kuma wuraren ajiya don ƙaddamar da jin daɗin Popeye.

## Manazarta
Ra'ayin haɗin kai

**Ra'ayin da aka haɗa kai** wata dabara ce ta nuna hotunan 3D akan na'urori 2D. Ra'ayin da aka ɗauka a kan allo ya dogara ne akan matsayin idanun mai amfani, yana kwaikwayon yanayin 3D. Lokacin da mai amfani ya motsa kansa, ra'ayin da aka ɗauka a kan wurin yana canzawa, yana haifar da tasirin kallon ta taga zuwa wurin maimakon kallon wani wuri mai faɗi.

## Duba kuma

* Tsarin zane na 3D
* Zane-zanen kwamfuta na 3D
* Hangen Nesa (na gani)
* Bin diddigin ido
* Bin diddigin bidiyo
* Ra'ayin Canji Mai Sauƙi na Wayar Wuta ta Amazon Fire

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* http://iihm.imag.fr/francone/i3D/
* Takarda kan amfani da hangen nesa mai haɗe kai akan na'urorin hannu
* Binciken farko kan hangen nesa da aka haɗa kai
* Tsarin da aka gina bisa hangen nesa mai haɗe kai don ba da damar yin amfani da duniyar kama-da-wane ta 3D a duk faɗin mai amfani
Gidan Tarihin Crab na Chuwan

Chuwan Crab (na gargajiya na Sinanci; na Sinancin sauƙaƙe; na : ; : ) gidan kayan gargajiya ne game da crabs a ƙauyen Zhuwan, Xiyu Township, Penghu County, Taiwan . 

An buɗe gidan tarihi a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 2004.  Yana nuna nau'ikan kaguwa daban-daban da aka samu a kusa da Tsibirin Penghu. 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin gidajen tarihi a Taiwan

## Manazarta
Kyautar AVN don Mai yin wasan kwaikwayo na shekara

Ana bayar da **kyautar AVN ga fitaccen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na mata masu canza jinsi na shekara** (wanda a da ake **kira AVN Award for Transsexual Performer of the Year** ) a kowace watan Janairu a Las Vegas, Nevada a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na AVN . Tana wakiltar fitaccen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na batsa mai canza jinsi wanda ya sami mafi kyawun aiki a shekarar da ta gabata. Ana bayar da ita kowace shekara tun daga 2004. 

Vaniity ita ce ta farko da ta lashe kyautar kuma ta farko da ta lashe kyautar sau biyu; ta lashe a 2004 da 2013. Bailey Jay ita ce ta farko da ta lashe kyautar a jere; ta lashe a 2011 da 2012. Buck Angel shi ne kaɗai mutumin da ya canza sheƙa da ya lashe kyautar, inda ya lashe a 2007.      

Da farko, ba a bai wa waɗanda suka yi nasara kyautar a kan dandamali ba, inda gabatarwa a kan dandamali ta fara da kyautar Vaniity ta 2013.  Tun daga watan Janairun 2025, Brittney Kade ce mai taken. 

## Masu nasara da waɗanda aka zaɓa

### Shekarun 2000

### Shekarun 2010

## Manazarta
Gryphon (tsarin parachute)

Jirgin **Gryphon** wani fikafikin soja ne wanda a halin yanzu ke bawa jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu damar fita daga jirgin sama a tsayin kilomita 10, sannan su tashi da nisan kilomita 40 yayin da suke dauke da kayan aiki har zuwa fam 100. Har yanzu ana ci gaba da aikin wannan tsarin kuma manufar, a cewar Elektroniksystem- und Logistik-GmbH (Electronic System and Logistics Group ko ESG), ita ce a bai wa jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu damar tashi har zuwa kilomita 200 a kowace awa, ta haka ne za su iya shiga sararin samaniyar abokan gaba ba tare da yin illa ga tsaron jirgin ko kuma a gano su da na'urar radar ba. 

Masu shawagi na Skydivers a halin yanzu suna iya amfani da shi don barin jirgin sama a tsayin kilomita 10, su yi shawagi a nisan kilomita 40 zuwa wurin saukar jiragen sama, sannan su ɗauki nauyin kayan aiki kilogiram 100. Jiragen paragliders sun fi Gryphon kyau sosai a fannin aiki, amma Gryphon yana tashi da sauri. Ɗan wasa mai tsauri Felix Baumgartner ya nuna ƙwarewar kayan jirgin a ranar 31 ga Yuli, 2003, lokacin da ya ketare Tashar Turanci sanye da samfurin da ya gabace shi, SkyRay.

Wani babban burin ci gaban shi ne a tsawaita nisan tafiya zuwa kilomita 200, wanda hakan zai ba da damar amfani da Gryphon don kai hare-haren ba zato ba tsammani na sojoji masu saukar ungulu, kamar yadda yake a halin yanzu ga masu saukar ungulu masu jinkirin tafiya.

## Nassoshi
 
## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Fikafikan Hari: Gilashin Ya Yi Raƙuman Ruwa Cikin Sirri Da Sauri - FOXNews.com . 24 ga Afrilu, 2008.
*  Flugobjekt "Gryphon": Militäreinsatz statt Funsport - Bidiyo ta *der Spiegel*
* Fikafikin jirgin sama mai ɗauke da madauri irin na James Bond don faɗaɗa isa ga rundunonin sojoji na musamman . 1 ga Yuni, 2006.
Gidan namun daji na Kumasi

**Gidan namun daji na Kumasi** (Lambun namun daji na Kumasi) wani gidan namun daji ne da ke tsakiyar Kumasi a yankin Ashanti na Ghana . Gidan namun daji yana da fadin  tsakanin Tashar Motocin Bas ta Kejetia, tsohon filin tsere da Cibiyar Al'adun Kasa ta Kumasi . 

## Tarihi
An kafa gidan namun daji a shekarar 1951 kuma Majalisar Asanteman ta buɗe shi a hukumance a shekarar 1957 don kare yanayi da kuma nuna dabbobin daji na asali na Ghana . 

## Nau'in dabbobi
Tana da nau'ikan dabbobi daban-daban kusan 40, tare da dabbobi daban-daban da suka kai 135. Wani abin lura shi ne dubban jemagu da ke zaune a kan bishiyoyi a cikin gidan namun daji. 

## Manazarta
Majalisar Wakilan Dalibai ta YouX

**Majalisar wakilan dalibai ta YouX** (**YouX SRC**), tsohon **Majalisar Wakilan Tarayyar Dalibai ta Jami'ar Adelaide** (**AUU SRC**), ita ce wakilin dalibai a Jami'ardelaide . Har zuwa sake fasalin a shekara ta 2007, an kira wakilin ɗaliban kungiyar ɗalibai ta Jami'ar Adelaide (**SAUA**).

YouX SRC na ɗaya daga cikin hukumomin gudanarwa guda biyu na YouX, ɗayan kuma shine Kwamitin YouX.

## Tarihi
Ƙungiyar Dalibai ta Jami'ar Adelaide (SAUA) ta kasance ƙungiyar wakilan ɗalibai da ta wanzu a Jami'ardelaide daga 1973 har zuwa 2007.  Yana daya daga cikin kungiyoyin dalibai da yawa waɗanda ke da alaƙa da kuma tallafawa ta hanyar Jami'ar Adelaide ta hanyar 'Union Fee'. Kafin 1973, SRC ta wakilci bukatun dalibai a Jami'ar. Tsoffin Shugabannin SRC sun hada da John Bannon, Gordon Bilney da Julia Gillard.

SAUA tana da wakilai a kwamitocin Jami'ar da yawa, sun ba da sharhi a cikin kafofin watsa labarai kuma sun gabatar da tambayoyin gwamnati game da batutuwan da suka shafi ɗalibai da matasa gabaɗaya. Har ila yau, yana gudanar da abubuwan da suka faru da kuma kamfen ɗin wayar da kan jama'a a kai a kai.

SAUA ta gudanar da zabe na shekara-shekara don zabar dalibai zuwa mukamai daban-daban na ofisoshin da kuma mukamai a majalisar mulki. Shahararrun Shugabannin da suka gabata sun haɗa da Natasha Stott Despoja, Sarah Hanson-Young, Stephen Mullighan da Christopher Pyne a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban kasa. Sauran sanannun mambobin da suka gabata sun hada da Anne McEwen, Andrew Southcott, Peter Malinauskas, David Penberthy da Annabel Crabb .

Saboda gabatar da ƙungiyar ɗalibai ta son rai ta Gwamnatin Howard, Ƙungiyar Jami'ar Adelaide ta sami babban sake fasalin kuma an maye gurbin SAUA da SRC a cikin 2007. 

Zaben dalibai na 2021 ya ga nasarar United Left, hadin gwiwar hagu, tare da Ana Obradovic da aka zaba a matsayin shugaban SRC na 2022.h

## Manazarta
Gruvi

**Gruvi** tsarin katin ƙwaƙwalwa ne na ɗan gajeren lokaci wanda ya dace da microSD wanda Sandisk ya ƙirƙira a 2006. Ya yi amfani da fasahar katin TrustedFlash na kamfanin, wanda ke aiki kamar katin SD na yau da kullun amma ana iya faɗaɗa shi zuwa abubuwan da ake buƙata.  An yi nufin katunan ne don rarraba kiɗa da bidiyo kuma suna da fasaloli na musamman na sarrafa haƙƙin dijital, gami da ikon shigar da abun ciki kafin a buɗe shi a wani lokaci. Manufar da aka sanar ita ce maye gurbin CDs, wanda aka nuna ta hanyar shigar EMI na mawallafin kiɗa lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da samfurin.  Ƙananan katunan sun nuna hoton mawaƙin wanda aka riga aka loda waƙarsa. Sun dace da wayoyin hannu, kwamfutar hannu, da kwamfutocin tafi-da-gidanka.  Katunan Gruvi kaɗan ne kawai aka fitar, ɗaya daga cikinsu shine kundin A Bigger Bang ta Rolling Stones .

## slotKiɗa
SanDisk ta maimaita ƙoƙarinta na rarraba kiɗa ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai na flash a shekarar 2008, tare da gabatar da slotMusic, a wannan karon ba tare da DRM ba. An sayar da katunan tare da kiɗan da manyan kamfanonin rikodin EMI, Sony BMG, Warner, da Universal suka buga. 

## Nassoshi

* SanDisk 'Gruvi' TrustedFlash: Abubuwan da ke cikin Kwamfutocin Memory
* SanDisk ta sami kyautar ƙira ta CES Innovations Design saboda katin kiɗan Gruvi Rolling Stones

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Gruvi a Gidan Tarihi na Kafofin Watsa Labarai na Olsolete
Henry Grossbard

**Henry Grossbard** shi ne ya ƙirƙiro Radiant Cut,  wani yanki mai kama da Barrion amma yana da siffofi daban-daban; shi ne kuma wanda ya kafa RCDC Corp, yana tallata asalin radiant cut.

Grossbard ya yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka daga Austria a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kuma ya yi koyon aikin yanka lu'u-lu'u . Daga baya ya zama ƙwararren mai yanke lu'u-lu'u kafin ya ƙirƙiro Radiant Cut a shekarar 1976.

Grossbard ya mutu a shekarar 2005 a wani hatsarin da ya buge shi da gudu, yayin da yake yawo da karensa a lokacin Idin Passover . Ba a taɓa samun wanda ya kashe shi ba.

Ɗan Grossbard, Stanley Grossbard, ya ɗauki nauyin RCDC Corp. bayan mutuwar Grossbard.  Stanley Grossbard yana auren Magajin Garin Hoboken Dawn Zimmer .  

## Nassoshi
Derek Abbott

**Derek Abbott** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1960) masanin kimiyyar Burtaniya ne kuma Injiniyan lantarki, kuma farfesa a Jami'ar Adelaide . 

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Derek Abbott a Kudancin Kensington, London, Burtaniya, a cikin shekara ta 1960.

## Ayyuka
A ƙarshen 1977, Abbott ya fara aiki a Cibiyar Bincike ta GEC Hirst, Wembley, Burtaniya,  yana yin bincike a yankin CCD da ƙirar microchip don tsarin hoto. Yayinda yake aiki, ya kammala karatu a 1982 tare da BSc a Physics daga Jami'ar Loughborough . 

A shekara ta 1986, ya fara aiki a matsayin mai tsara microchip a Austek Microsystems a Adelaide, Australia. A shekara ta 1987, ya shiga Jami'ar Adelaide, ya kammala jarabawarsa ta PhD a fannin Injiniyan lantarki a shekarar 1995, mai taken GaAs MESFET Photodetectors for Imaging Arrays, a karkashin Kamran Eshraghian da Bruce R. Davis.

Ya zama ɗan'uwan Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Lantarki da Injiniyoyin Injiniya a cikin 2005 "don gudummawa ga nazarin hayaniya da abubuwan da suka faru a cikin tsarin hangen nesa". Ya sami Kyautar Laureate ta Australiya a cikin 2024,  don gano radiation na Terahertz.

## Mutumin Somerton
A watan Maris na shekara ta 2009, ƙungiyar Jami'ar Adelaide karkashin jagorancin Abbott ta fara ƙoƙari don warware batun Somerton Man wanda ya shafi wani mutumin da ba a san shi ba wanda aka samu ya mutu a kusa da Adelaide a shekara ta 1948. Wannan ya haɗa da nazarin kwayar halitta da kuma ba da shawarar fitar da jiki don gwada DNA. Binciken da ya yi ya haifar da tambayoyi game da tunanin da 'yan sanda suka yi game da shari'ar. Abbott ya kuma gano auduga mai laushi na Barbour na lokacin kuma ya sami bambancin marufi. Wannan na iya samar da alamomi ga ƙasar da aka saya.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Bayan da farko ta tuntube ta don neman DNA, Abbott ta auri Rachel Egan a shekara ta 2010, kuma suna da 'ya'ya uku.

## Manazarta
Gidan Tarihin Jirgin Ƙasa Mai Haske na Illawarra

Gidan Tarihi na Layin Jirgin Ƙasa Mai Haske na Illawarra yana aiki da babban layin dogo mai tsawon ƙafa 2 (610 mm), ƙaramin layin dogo mai tsawon inci 184 da inci 7+1/4, da kuma gidan tarihi da ke Albion Park Rail, New South Wales, Ostiraliya.

## Tarihi
An kafa Ƙungiyar Gidan Tarihi na Layin Jirgin Ƙasa Mai Haske na Illawarra a watan Fabrairun 1972. An yi hayar wurin Gidan Tarihi daga Majalisar Birnin Shellharbour kuma Hayar ta yi zunubi a shekarar 1974, tare da fara ayyukan layin dogo a shekarar 1974 don adana tarihin Layin Jirgin Ƙasa Mai Haske da tarihin masana'antar Illawarra. An buɗe shi a hukumance a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba 1984.[2] A shekarar 2007 ƙungiyar ta sami kuɗaɗen tarayya don gina Ginin Gidan Tarihi na Ken McCarthy, wanda aka buɗe a hukumance a watan Disamba 2007.[3]

## Ayyuka
Ana buɗe Gidan Tarihi a ranar Lahadi ta Biyu da Asabar ta Huɗu na kowane wata daga ƙarfe 10 na safe zuwa 2 na rana

Ranar Aiki ita ce Talata, Alhamis.

* Ranar Aiki a kowace Lahadi ta Biyu da Asabar ta Huɗu na kowane wata.
* Ranar Aiki ita ce Talata, Alhamis.
* Ranar Aiki a kowace Lahadi ta Biyu da Asabar ta Huɗu na kowane wata.
* Ranar Aiki a kowace Lahadi ta Biyu da Asabar ta Huɗu na kowane wata.
* Ranar Aiki a kowace Ranakun ... Wurin ajiye kayan tarihi ya ƙunshi waɗannan fasaloli:
* Ginin tashar Yallah, ya iso a watan Mayu 1976[4][5]
* Akwatin Signal na Ottawa, ya iso a shekarar 1985[6]
* Shagon Ajiye Kayan Tarihi da Kiosk
* Shagon Ajiya da Rufin Ajiye Motoci da Motoci
* Ginin Gidan Tarihi na Ken McCarthy
* Nunin Injin Tashar Arthur Moor.  

## Manazarta
Kintampo North Municipal Assembly

**Gundumar Karamar Hukumar Kintampo ta Arewa** tana ɗaya daga cikin gundumomi goma sha ɗaya a Yankin Gabashin Bono, Ghana .     Da farko, a da, tana cikin **[[Kintampo District|Gundumar Kintampo]]** mafi girma a wancan lokacin a ranar 10 ga Maris, 1989, har sai da aka raba kudancin gundumar don ƙirƙirar **[[Kintampo South District Assembly|Gundumar Kintampo ta Kudu]]** a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 2003 (a zahiri 17 ga Fabrairu, 2004); don haka an sake wa sauran yankin suna da **[[Kintampo North Municipal Assembly|Gundumar Arewa ta Kintampo]]**, wanda daga baya aka ɗaga shi zuwa matsayin majalisar gundumomi a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 2007 (a zahiri 29 ga Fabrairu, 2008) don zama **Gundumar Karamar Hukumar Kintampo ta Arewa** . Gundumar tana cikin arewacin Yankin Gabashin Bono kuma tana da Kintampo a matsayin babban birninta. Ya zuwa shekarar 2021, Isaac Baffoe Ameyaw shine Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa na Majalisar bayan Nana Akuffo-Addo ya zaɓe shi. 

## Jerin matsugunan da aka yi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*  
* District: Kintampo North Municipal District
* 19 New Districts Created  Archived 2011-02-02 at the Wayback Machine, November 20, 2003.

## Manazarta
Gigster

**Gigster** yana ba da sabis wanda ke ba masu amfani damar gina ayyukan fasaha bisa buƙata. Roger Dickey da Debo Olaosebikan ne suka kafa shi tare kuma yana da hedikwata a San Francisco, California .  Sun sami tallafin iri daga Greylock Partners, Bloomberg Beta, da kuma fitattun masu zuba jari na mala'iku da waɗanda suka kafa Naval Ravikant na AngelList, Justin Waldron na Zynga, da Emmett Shear na Twitch, da sauransu.  Sun kasance ɓangare na ajin Y-Combinator na bazara na 2015. 

A ranar 7 ga Disamba, 2015, Gigster ta sanar da zagayen tallafin dala miliyan 10 na Series A wanda Andreessen Horowitz ke jagoranta, wanda za a yi amfani da shi don ƙara gina fasahar AI da fasahar koyon injina ta kamfanin.  Kamfanin ya sanar a ranar 29 ga Agusta, 2017, cewa sun tara dala miliyan 20 a cikin jarin da RedPoint Ventures ke jagoranta don zagayen tallafin Series B, wanda ya haɗa da mai saka hannun jari na yanzu, Andreessen Horowitz da kuma mai saka hannun jari na farko a fannin fasaha kuma tauraron ƙwallon kwando mai ritaya, Michael Jordan . A wannan lokacin kamfanin ya sami jimillar kuɗi na dala miliyan 32.5.  

A ranar 26 ga Mayu, 2021, Gigster ya sanar da cewa kamfanin Ionic Partners, wani kamfani da ke Austin wanda ke siyan kuma ke gudanar da harkokin kasuwancin software na kasuwanci ne ya saya shi.  

A ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 2023, Gigster ya sayi CodersRank, wani dandamali da ke Debrecen, Hungary wanda ke da matsayi a cikin masu haɓaka fasahar IT. An sanar da siyan a farkon watan Satumba na wannan shekarar.  

A ranar 26 ga Maris, 2024, Ionic Partners ta sanar da cewa an sayar da Gigster ga kamfanin Virtasant na ayyukan inganta girgije. 

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Shafin Yanar Gizo na Hukuma
Babban Makarantar Sakandare ta St. Thomas Aquinas

**Makarantar Sakandare ta St. Thomas Aquinas babbar** makarantar sakandare ce ta 'yan mata 'yan ƙasar Ghana da ke gundumar Osu da ke Accra a yankin Greater Accra . An kafa ta a shekarar 1952. A halin yanzu makarantar tana cikin Cantonments, wani yanki na birnin Accra . An kafa ta ne don samar da ilimi ga yara maza na cocin Katolika na Accra waɗanda iyayensu ba za su iya biyan kuɗin aika 'ya'yansu maza zuwa makarantun kwana masu tsada ba.

## Wuri
A watan Satumba na shekarar 1963, makarantar ta koma wurin da take a yanzu, wanda yake na dindindin a Cantonment Street, Osu.

Makarantar tana gaban ofishin Tarayyar Turai da Makarantar Horar da Ma'aikatan Gwamnati, tsakanin Ofishin 'Yan Sanda na Cantonment da ke kudu da Ofishin Jakadancin Togo da ke arewa, kusa da babban yankin cibiyar kasuwanci da gudanarwa ta titin Oxford da ke Osu.

## Tarihi
A ranar 15 ga Janairu, 1952, masu wa'azin Katolika sun kafa Makarantar Sakandare ta Saint Thomas Aquinas a Yankin Babban Birnin Accra a wurin da Cocin Katolika na St. Peter yake a yanzu.

Domin ilmantar da yara maza game da al'adar Katolika, masu wa'azin Katolika na Roman Katolika sun kasance a sahun gaba wajen kafa makarantu a duk faɗin Ghana . Babban Rev. Adolph Alexander Noser, Bishop na Roman Katolika na Accra, ya kafa makarantar tare da ƙaramin ɗalibai hamsin a cikin wani gida mai hawa biyu kusa da bakin teku a Osu-Anohor.

## Manhaja ta Manhaja
Makarantar tana gudanar da shirye-shirye guda tara da kuma shirye-shiryen ilimi guda biyar.

* Kasuwanci 
* Noma 
* Fasahar gani 
* Fasaha ta gabaɗaya 
* Kimiyyar gabaɗaya 

## Lambobin yabo da karramawa
Tsawon shekaru uku a jere, 1972, 1973, da 1974, makarantar ta jagoranci Yammacin Afirka a Jarrabawar Takaddun Shaidar Digiri na Ci gaba bisa ga alkaluman kididdiga daga Ma'aikatar Ilimi. A shekarar 2004, makarantar ta lashe gasar kadet ta duniya da aka gudanar a Landan. A shekarar 2013, an dauki makarantar a matsayin mafi kyawun makarantar sakandare a Ghana. &#x5B; ** &#x5D; A wannan shekarar, 2013, makarantar ta lashe Gasar Tambayoyi ta Kimiyya da Lissafi ta Ƙasa. 

## Manazarta