Kofofin Masarautun ƙasar Hausa

**Ƙofofin masarautun ƙasar [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]]** ƙofofi ne (*kofa*) ko *ganuwa* (ganuwa) waɗanda a baya suka kewaye Masarautun Hausa. A zamanin da, kowane masarauta an kewaye shi da bango wanda ke dauke da ƙofofi daban-daban. A lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe, ana rufe ƙofofin a matsayin dabarun yaƙi. Kowace ƙofar tana da suna da mai tsaron ƙofar (*Sarkin Kofa*, "Sarkin Ƙofar"). A baya, musamman da daddare, mai tsaron ƙofar yana kula da ƙofar guda ɗaya a kowane lokaci. Dukkanin ƙofofin garin an maida su ƙarƙarshin mutum ɗaya a yanzu.

## Bayanin gine-ginen
A cikin Masarautun Hausa, ana gina ƙofofi daga laka, busassun ciyawa, katako, karafa, duwatsu da sauran kayan gini na gargajiya da suka dace da ginin. An tsara ƙofofin ne bisa ga al'adun Hausa kuma suna nuna gine-ginen gargajiya na Hausa ta amfani da tubali masu ƙonewa da launuka na gargajiya na yankin Hausa. A matsakaici, ƙofofin sun kai kimanin mita biyar tare da tsawon kimanin mita goma. An kwatanta su da alamu, alamomi, da tambarin Hausa, kamar *Tambarin arewa,* alamar da ake amfani da ita akai-akai a cikin gine-ginen Hausa wanda ke aiki a matsayin alama ko tutar ga mutanen Hausa. Lokacin da aka kammala tsarin ƙofar, anyi fentin dukkan kofofin a cikin salon gargajiya yayin da wasu ƙofofin suka bar launin ruwan kasa tare da launi na laka, kamar ƙofar Marusa a Katsina. 

## Bayani na bai ɗaya
A zamanin da, an ba da kowane ƙofar ga mutum ɗaya. Ayyukansa ne a kowane lokaci don karewa da kiyaye shi ta hanyar samar da bayanan gudanarwa na kowane motsi na mutanen da ke wucewa ta ƙofar tare da al'amuran ɗaukar bayanan baƙi don kare kai. Kowace ƙofar tana da Mukulli don buɗewa da rufewa; ana ba da makullan ga *Sarkin Kofa*. Yawancin lokaci, akwai lokaci Sananne don rufewa da buɗe kowace ƙofar amma a yau ƙofofin suna a buɗe ba tare da buƙatar makulli ba. A al'ada, a lokacin yaƙi, umarni yana zuwa ne kawai daga ko dai sarkin masarautar ko kuma mai ba da shawara kan yaƙi, **Sarkin yaki'.'' Daga lokacin yaƙi, umarni da iko da ƙofar an bar su ga ''Sarkin Kofa''. Dokace cewa ana iya shiga cikin birni ne kawai ta hanyar waɗannan ƙofofin. Lokacin da aka rufe ƙofofin da dare, ba a sake buɗewa har sai asuba. Matsayin ''Sarkin Kofa'' an gadon shi ne a cikin Masarautar Hausa, daga Sarkin Kofaa ga 'ya'yansa. Ƙofofin kuma suna aiki a matsayin  jan hankali da yawon bude ido a zamanin yau a ƙasar Hausa. 

== Ƙofofin ==

=== Bauchi ===

A [[Masarautar Bauchi]] akwai ƙofofi tara.

* Ƙofar Inkil: An kira ƙofar Eid. An gina shi ne don mutanen garin Inkil don ba su damar shiga birnin kuma su yi sallar Eid.
* Ƙofar Dumi: An sanya wa wannan ƙofar suna bayan wani ɗalibin Malam Yakubu mai suna Abdul Dumi, wanda ya zama Wambai na Bauchi kuma mai ba da shawara ga sarkin a fadar.
* Ƙofar Jahun
* Ƙofar Nasarawo: An sanya wa wannan ƙofar suna bayan wani fitaccen malam mai suna Malam Nasarawo, wanda ke zaune a waje da ƙofar. Sarkin a wannan lokacin ya shiga ƙofar don ziyartar Nasarawo don addu'o'i.
* Ƙofar Hunti: An gina wannan ƙofar ne don tunawa da wani sarkin yaƙi na Wuntawan (ya fito ne daga kabilar [[Fulani|Mutanen Fula]]) da ake kira Muhmmadu Kusu .  Yayin da lokaci ya wuce, kalmar Wuntuwa ta zama Hunti.
* Ƙofar Ran: Ran wuri ne da mutanen Bauchi suka taɓa yin zaman lafiya. Sun bi ƙofar don haɗuwa a Ran; bayan an yi zaman lafiya, ƙofar ta sami sunan wurin.
* Ƙofar Tirwun: Turwun wani gari ne inda Sarki Yakubu ya fito, don haka ya gina wannan ƙofar don girmama garinsu da mutanensa.
* Ƙofar Wambai: Lokacin da aka faɗaɗa birnin Bauchi, sarkin wannan lokacin ya gina wani gida ga babban mai ba shi shawara da aka sani da "Wambai". An gina gidan a cikin fadada yankin tare da ƙofar shiga da fita daga fadar don sauƙaƙe motsi. An sanya wa ƙofar suna bayan shi.
* Ƙofar Wase: Ƙofar Madaki (na Bauchi) Hasan ne, wanda ya kafa garin Wase (a yau Wase yanki ne na karamar hukuma a Jihar Plateau). Madaki Hasan shine mafi kyawun raino na Yakubu, Sarkin Bauchi na farko.

=== Kano ===
Masarautar Kano tana da ƙofofi 15. Wasu daga cikin bangon ya lalace saboda rashin kulawa.

* Ƙofar Kansakali: An gina ta tsakanin 1095 zuwa 1135, Ƙofar Kanskali ita ce ƙofar birni ta farko da aka gina.
* Ƙofar Nasarawa
* Ƙofar [[Gidan Rumfa]]: Wannan ita ce babbar ƙofar shiga fadar Kano da sarkin ya gina.
* Sabuwar Kofa Gate: An gina shi bayan Kano ta faɗa ga Birtaniya a 1903.
* Ƙofar Dan Agundi
* Ƙofar Naisa
* Ƙofar Gadankaya
* Ƙofar Dukawiya
* Ƙofar Kabuga
* Ƙofar Waika
* Ƙofar Ruwa
* Ƙofar Dawanau
* Ƙofar Wambai
* Ƙofar Mazugal
* Ƙofar Mata&nbsp;
<gallery>
Fayil:Kofar_Nasarawa_-_Kano_City_Gate.jpg|Ƙofar Nasarawa
Fayil:Kofar_Ruwa_-_Kano_City_Gate.jpg|Ƙofar Ruwa
Fayil:Kano_Emir_Palace_Entrance_Kano_State_Nigeria.jpg|Ƙofar Rumfa ko Fada
Fayil:Kofar_Mata_-_Kano_City_Gate.jpg|Ƙofar Mata
Fayil:Kofar_Dawanau_-_Kano_City_Gate.jpg|Ƙofar Dawanau
Fayil:Sabuwar_Kofa_Gate.jpg|Sabuwar Ƙofar 
Fayil:Kofar_Gadan_Kaya_-_Kano_City_Gate.jpg|Ƙofar Gadan Kaya
Fayil:Kofar_Na'isa_Gate.jpg|Ƙofar Nai'sa
Fayil:Kofar_Wambai_-_Kano_City_Gate.jpg|Ƙofar Wambai
Fayil:Kofar_Famfo_-_Kano_City_Gate.jpg|Ƙofar Famfo
Fayil:Kofar_Mata_Dye_Pit_since_1498.jpg|Marunar Ƙofar mata  1498
Fayil:Kofar_Dan_Agundi_-_partially_collapsed.jpg|Ƙofar Dan Agundi
</gallery>

=== Katsina ===

A cikin [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]], fadar a kewaye take da bango mai suna "Ganuwar Gidan Sarki", wanda yanzu babu shi. Babban ƙofar da ke kaiwa fadar ana kiranta "Kofar Soro", ma'ana Ƙofar Soro, yayin da ƙofar da ke bayan fadar ana kiran ta Ƙofar Bai, wanda yanzu babushi. A cikin birnin Katsina, akwai kusan ƙofofi 7 a kowane kusurwar masarautar. An gina ƙofofin don ba da damar motsi a ciki da waje, akwai wasu ƙofofin da ba su wanzu ba, waɗannan ƙofofin sune; Ƙofar Turmi, Ƙofar Keke, Ƙofar Angulu, Ƙofar Gazobi da Ƙofar Waziri.

* Ƙofar Agulu: Wannan kofa tana da buɗewa biyu. Kalmar "Agulu" suna ne da aka ba wa bawan sarki. Shi ne ke kula da Kofar da kuma wanda ke da alhakin zartar da hukuncin kisa. 
* Ƙofar Keke: An yi wannan ƙofar ne bayan zuwan Turawan mulkin mallaka na [[Daular Biritaniya|Daular Burtaniya]] . Yana bayan fadar sarkin Katsina. Turawa sun kasance suna shiga wannan kofa idan sun zo fadar daga inda suke a kan keke; An sanya wa kofar sunan keke, ko kuma “Keke” a kasar Hausa. 
* Ƙofar Kwaura: An sanya wa Ƙofar sunan wani fitaccen jarumin Rimi wanda aka ba shi sarautar “Kwauran Katsina”, aka mayar da shi ƙofar. 
* Ƙofar Kwaya: Wannan Ƙofar ta samo sunan ta ne daga wani sarkin Habe mai suna Sarkin Kwaya wanda ya yi sarautar wani ƙaramin gari mai suna Kwaya, wanda ke kudancin Katsina. Aikin wannan mai sarauta shi ne ya ba Sarkin Katsina hatsi kamar masara, gero, da masara don kadarorin sarki. An ce ta wannan kofa ce Sarki ya kori Wali Jodoma daga Katsina, sai ya wuce ta kofar, ya juyo ya zagi ta, yana cewa “Babu wani abin kirki da za a yi a wannan kofar sai shekara 500 ta wuce”. Mutane sun gina gidaje kusa da kowace kofa a Katsina sai kofar Kwaya. Yanzu dai kofar tana daya daga cikin manyan kofofin shiga Katsina daga garuruwa daban-daban. Shararar Fayif da Sabuwar Unguwa suna kusa da wannan kofar. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;
* Ƙofar Durbi: Ita wannan kofa, a cewar majiyar farko, ta samo sunan ta ne daga masarautar Durbi ta Kusheyi. Ƙofar ta samo sunan ne a lokacin da Durbawa ta fara mulkin masarautar Katsina. Da suka yi hijira daga garinsu zuwa Katsina, masarautar Durbi ta canja suna zuwa Durbi-Katsina. Ana kiran sarkin masarautar Durbi da sunan “Hakimin Katsina”. Durbi ya kasance a Mani tun mulkin Durbi Saddiku daga wajen 1810-1835. Akwai kuma wasu sarakunan Durbi, irin su Durbi Fandiku wanda ya yi mulki daga 1836 zuwa 1860, Durbi Gidado (1860-1883), da Durbi Dikko (1891-1906). Durbawa suka shiga ta gate suka iso Katsina. Daga nan ana kiran kofar Durbi, wato kofar sarakuna daga Durbi. An rufe wannan kofa ga garuruwa kamar Filin Samji da Rimin Badawa. 
* Ƙofar Guga: Wannan kofa tana da sunaye na asali guda uku: ana kiranta Ƙofar Yammawa domin tana gabas da Katsina; Ƙofar Tsaro, wanda ke nufin "ƙofa na tsaro" saboda an sanya sojoji a ƙofar don hana kai hare-haren kwatsam; An fi saninta da Ƙofar Guga, kalmar "Guga" ta fito ne daga matar Sarkin Gobir da aka fi sani da Bawa Jan Gwarzo. Ta gudu daga mijinta zuwa Katsina ta wannan kofa, domin ta gargadi Sarkin Katsina da aka fi sani da Muhammadu Jan Hazo (wanda ya yi mulki daga 1740 zuwa 1751) kan shirin mijinta na kai wa Katsina hari. Bayan cin nasara a kan masarautar Gobir, Sarkin ya canza wa wannan Kofa suna don girmama amincinta. 
* Ƙofar Sauri: Wannan kofa ce da ke yankin arewa maso yammacin Katsina, wadda ke kusa da Unguwar Rafukka, Nasarawa, Makera, da Yammawa. Ƙofar Sauri tana da tushe guda biyu game da asalinta: kamar yadda majiyar farko ta ce, Kofar Sauri ta samo sunanta daga Sarkin Samari, wanda ke kusa da ƙofar. Da farko an sanya sunan “Samari” kofa kafin a canza shi zuwa “Samri” sannan “Sauri”. Majiya ta biyu ta ce sunanta ya fito ne daga gwamnatin Sarki Ummarun Dallaje (1807-1835) a lokacin da wani sarkin yaki mai suna Danbaskore ya jagoranci farmakin da suka kai wa birnin Katsina. Da ya gano an rufe dukkan kofofin, sai Sarkin garin Sauri “Sarkin Sauri” (wanda a yanzu Kaita) abokin Katsina ne, ya tare Danboskore ya ci shi. Da ya samu nasara, sai ya kafa wata kofa a katangar Katsina, wadda aka sanya wa suna kofar Sauri domin tunawa da almara na Sarkin Sauri. 
* Ƙofar Marusa: Ana ɗaukar wannan kofa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin kofa a tarihin Katsina. An ce an gina shi a karni na 15. An gina ta ne tare da katangar Katsina, kuma ta samo sunan ta ne daga wani sarkin Habe mai suna Marusa Usman wanda ya yi sarautar Dutsi. An ce jarumi ne da ya shiga Katsina ya fita ta wannan kofar Dutsi. Wata majiya ta ce daga wani mutum ne da ya kware wajen kama bayi. 
* Ƙofar Yan daka: An ce an gina ta a kusan ƙarni na 15. Ƙofar ’Yan Daka ta samo asali ne daga wani Basarake a Dustin Ma, wanda aka ba shi sarautar “Yanɗakan Katsina” a Masarautar Katsina. Gidanshi yana kusa da gate. 

### Zazzau

Birnin Zariya/Zazzau yana da kofofi guda bakwai wadanda tun farko aka gina su bayan an gina katangar birnin. Kofofin sun hada da wannan sai kofar Jatau da kofar Galadima. Sarkin Kofa na Zazzau na yanzu shine Alhaji Mansur Dambo Mai-Sa’a. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

* Ƙofar Gayan: An ƙirƙiri wannan ƙofar ne don mutanen Gadar Gayan, don samun sauƙin shiga cikin birni. Kalmar Gayan ta samo asali ne daga wani kogi mai suna Gayan da wani gari mai suna gadar gayan. 
* Ƙofar Kuyan Bana: Wannan ƙofar ita ce ta biyu da aka kafa. Ya samo sunansa daga wani sarkin yakin [[Sarauniya Amina]] wanda aka fi sani da Mayaki Kuyan Bana. Ya shahara da nasarorin almara a cikin yaƙe-yaƙe da dama. Ya kafa wani karamin gari a lokacin ana kiransa Kuyan Bana, <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5D; &#x5B; **' . Ya gina gidansa a Kuyan Bana, Sarauniya ta mai da shi mai kula da kofa. 
* Ƙofar Kona: Wannan ƙofar ita ce kofa ta uku da za a yi. Kofar dai ta samo sunan ta ne daga wasu malaman addinin musulunci guda biyu da suka zo birnin Zariya da ake kira konawa. Da isarsu sai suka yi zamansu a wajen birnin Zariya, ba tare da sun zo garin ba, da aka kafa kofa a wajensu, sai mutane suka fara kiran kofar da kofar Konawa, a lokacin da suka shafe shekaru a kusa da kofar. 
* Ƙofar Kibo: Asalin Ƙofar Kofar Tukur Tukur. Mutanen Gobir, Zamfara, Yawuri, da Kabi sun kasance daga wannan kofa suke shiga birnin Zariya. Ƙofar ta samo sunan ta ne daga wani dutse da ke wani gari Tukur Tukur. Tukur Tukur tsohon gari ne a wajen Zariya; A zamanin Sarkin Zazzau Sambo, an gwabza fada a kusa da Tukur Tukur a gefen kofa. Ƙofar ta canza sunanta zuwa kibiya, "Kibo", daga baya. 
* Ƙofar Doka: Ƙofar Doka ita ce ta biyar da aka yi a Zariya. Tun asali ana kiran kofar Kano. An ce ta samo sunan ta ne daga wata bishiyar da ke kusa da kofar da aka fi sani da “Bishiyan Doka”, yayin da wata majiya ta ce kofar ta samo sunan ta ne daga mai tsaron kofar da ake kira “Doka”. 
* Ƙofar Bai: Wurin da ake kafa Ƙofar yana bayan gidan Sarkin Zazzau. Kalmar "bai" tana nufin baya a kasar Hausa, ma'ana kofar gidan sarki. Al'ummar Bauchi sukan shiga garin ta wannan kofa. 
* Ƙofar Jatau: Wannan kofa ita ce sunan wani babban sarkin Habe da aka fi sani da Isiyaku Jatau, wanda ya yi sarautar Zazzau daga 1782 zuwa 1802. 
* Kofar Galadima: Wannan kofa ta samo asali ne daga Galadiman Zazzau da ake kira Daudu, wanda mabarata suka san shi. Gate yana kusa da gidansa. Wasu majiyoyi sun ce Galadima Dokaje ne.  
* Kofar Fada: Fada na nufin fada. Wannan kofa ita ce babbar kofar shiga fadar Sarkin zazzau. 

## Kulawa
Ƙofofin sun kasance alhakin sarakunan gargajiya da aka sani da emirs waɗanda suka ba da ayyukan kulawa ga *Sarkin Kofa*. A shekara ta 1959, Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Najeriya ta ayyana ƙofofin su zama abubuwan tunawa na kasa kuma an canja alhakin ga Gwamnatin Tarayyar. Wasu ƙofofin suna fada cikin lalacewa saboda rashin kulawa.

## Dubi kuma

* Mutanen Hausa
* Harshen Hausa
* Abincin Hausa
* Ganuwar Birnin Kano na Dā
*
* Gine-gine na Hausa
* Manazarta