Karuwanci na yara a Ukraine

Juan Miguel Petit, mai ba da rahoto na musamman kan sayar da yara, karuwancin yara da hotunan batsa na yara ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ya bayyana karuwancin yaro a Ukraine, a matsayin babbar matsala a kasar.

Wani littafi na bincike "2016 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor" wanda Ofishin Harkokin Ayyuka na Duniya ya shirya ya ba da rahoton cewa yaran Ukraine suna shiga cikin mafi munin nau'ikan aikin yara ciki har da samar da batsa da aikin jima'i. Marayu, marasa gida, da yara a kan titi ana fataucin su a cikin gida da kuma kasa. A baya yawancin masu karuwanci 'yan mata ne daga gundumomin birane. Yanzu yawancin wadanda ke fama da karuwancin yara a Ukraine sun fito ne daga kananan garuruwa da yankunan karkara,  kuma karuwancin yaran Ukraine ya karu. 

Tsarin shari'ar Ukraine ba ya ba da cikakkiyar ma'anar "karuwanci" da "karuwancin yara". Yana ba da hukunci mai tsanani ga shigar da yara cikin aikin jima'i na kasuwanci, amma sau da yawa ba a gurfanar da abokan cinikin su ba. A sakamakon haka, yara sun zama masu alhakin cin zarafin kansu.

## Tushen zamantakewa da tattalin arziki
'Yancin Ukrainian a cikin 1991 ya kawo wa al'ummar kowane nau'in 'yanci da buri na kyakkyawar makoma ta tattalin arziki, ta hanyar 2005, Ukraine ta shiga cikin rikicin tattalin arziki na farko wanda ya bazu cikin sauri a duk faɗin ƙasar yana bugun ƙungiyoyin jama'a masu rauni sosai. Bayan tashin farko na batutuwan tattalin arziki, bayanan gida sun nuna ɗan gajeren dawowa a cikin 2006, amma wannan shine kawai gabatarwar rikice-rikicen tsarin na 2008 . Tattalin arzikin Ukraine ya fuskanci rikice-rikicen kasancewa cikin matsin lamba na basussukan kudi, hauhawar farashin kayayyaki, rashin kwanciyar hankali na kasa da kuma cin hanci da rashawa .

Rashin yanayin tattalin arziki na shekara ta 2008 ya kara tsanantawa ta hanyar matsalolin zamantakewa, kamar ilimi mara kyau, kiwon lafiya mara kyau da kuma yawan jama'a mara kyau. Rashin gyare-gyare na tsari da daidaituwa a Ukraine ya haifar da ɓata babban kasafin kuɗi da aka kashe don shirye-shiryen zamantakewa. A sakamakon haka, al'ummar Ukraine suna fuskantar matsanancin talauci, rashin daidaito na dama da rashin daidaito ga mutane ga ayyukan jama'a daban-daban.

Wannan matsalar zamantakewa da tattalin arziki ta yi tasiri sosai ga iyalai na Ukraine. Daga baya, yawan saki yana ƙaruwa kuma iyalan iyaye guda ɗaya suna ƙara zama ruwan dare a Ukraine,  kuma halin da ake ciki yana da mummunar tasiri ga yara kuma yana haɓaka matsalar talauci na yara.  A cikin iyalai matalauta yara suna fuskantar haɗarin shiga cikin aikata laifuka, karuwanci da yawo.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
According to Ukrainian media the country along with Moldova and Portugal became a European center of child sex tourism. With respect to the situation Mark Capaldi, ECPAT's head of policy and research, expressed a concern that the countries "see tourism as a fantastic economic development sector" ignoring the risks which international tourists impend to the children.

Cin zarafin yara na jima'i ya fi bayyane a Kyiv da wasu manyan biranen kamar Odesa, Kharkiv da Sevastopol. Ana tilasta yara da yawa su yi ƙaura zuwa can don samun ilimi sannan kuma suna shiga cikin masana'antar jima'i ta Ukraine don tallafa wa kansu ta kuɗi. Haɗin matasa maza na Ukraine cikin karuwanci ya haifar da damuwa ta musamman.

## Bayanan da ke akwai da kididdiga
Kimanin yawan ma'aikatan jima'i mata a Ukraine ya kai kusan 70,000, 15,000 daga cikinsu suna cikin 14-19. Binciken da Cibiyar Nazarin Jama'a ta Ukraine ta yi ya nuna cewa kashi 11% na matan Ukraine da ke ba da sabis na jima'i suna da shekaru tsakanin 12 zuwa 15, kashi 20% na karuwai na Ukraine suna da shekaru 16 zuwa 17. A wasu lokuta da aka yi rajista shekarun matan Ukraine da ke cikin karuwanci ya kasance ƙasa da shekaru 10.

Babu bayanai game da shekarun da yara na Ukraine suka shiga masana'antar jima'i, amma akwai wasu bayanan kididdiga da ke nuna cewa matsakaicin shekarun "farkon jima'i" a Ukraine yana raguwa. Gabaɗaya ya sauka zuwa shekaru 15-16, amma ga yanayi da yawa yana iya zama ƙasa da shekaru 9-10. Game da yara maza na Ukraine, an ruwaito cewa kashi 3% daga cikinsu sun sami kwarewar jima'i ta farko tun suna da shekaru 11 ko ma da baya. Har ila yau, binciken da aka yi wa yara 'yan Ukraine a cikin shekaru 11 ya nuna cewa kashi 21% na yara maza da kashi 5% na' yan mata sun yarda cewa sun riga sun yi jima'i na farko. Wannan halin da ake ciki a bayyane ya samo asali ne daga shiga cikin al'adun Yammacin Turai na cinikin kayayyaki da kuma ƙasƙantar da dabi'un gargajiya tsakanin matasa Ukrainians.

## Dubi kuma

* Rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi a Ukraine
* Cinikin mutane a Ukraine
* Karuwanci a Ukraine
* 2004 Yunkurin batsa na yara na Ukraine

## Manazarta