Fataucin mutane a Zambiya

A shekara ta 2008 Zambia ta kasance tushen, wucewa, da kuma kasa mai zuwa ga mata da yara da aka yi fataucin su don dalilai na tilasta aiki da cin zarafin jima'i. Karuwanci na yara ya wanzu a cikin birane na Zambia, sau da yawa dangi ko sanannun wanda aka azabtar suna ƙarfafawa ko sauƙaƙewa. Yawancin ma'aikatan yara na Zambiya, musamman wadanda ke cikin aikin gona, sabis na gida, da bangarorin kamun kifi, suma sun sha wahala daga fataucin mutane. Mata na Zambiya, waɗanda aka ja hankalin su ta hanyar aikin ƙarya ko tayin aure, an yi musu fataucin su zuwa Afirka ta Kudu ta hanyar Zimbabwe don cin zarafin jima'i, da kuma zuwa Turai ta hanyar Malawi. Zambia ta kasance wurin wucewa don fataucin mata da yara na yanki, musamman daga Angola zuwa Namibia don aikin gona da kuma daga Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo zuwa Afirka ta Kudu. Ana fataucin manya da yara na Malawi da Mozambican zuwa Zambia a wasu lokuta don tilasta aikin gona.

Kasar ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar TIP ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 2000 a watan Afrilun 2005. 

Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don Kulawa da Yaki da Cin Hanci da Kasuwanci a cikin Mutane ya sanya kasar a cikin "Tier 2 Watchlist" a cikin shekara  ta 2017  da 2023. 

A cikin 2023, Ƙididdigar Laifuka ta Ƙungiya ta ba ƙasar maki 5 daga cikin 10 don fataucin mutane, yana mai lura da cewa gwamnati ta faɗaɗa aikinta don hana wannan laifi. 

## Shari'a (2008)
Ayyukan tilasta bin doka na Gwamnatin Zambia na yaki da fataucin mutane ba su sami sakamako na ainihi ba; ba a gurfanar da laifukan fataucin ba, yayin da 'yan sanda da jami'an shige da fice suka kasance cikin damuwa saboda rashin dokar fataucin mutum. Ba kamar shekarar da ta gabata ba, babu sabon tuhuma ko hukunci na wadanda ake zargi da fataucin mutane a shekara ta 2007. Zambia ta haramta fataucin mutane ta hanyar gyare-gyare a shekara  ta 2005 ga dokar azabtarwa, wanda ya ba da hukuncin shekaru 20 zuwa ɗaurin rai da rai - hukuncin da ya dace da waɗanda aka tsara don wasu manyan laifuka. Dokar, duk da haka, ba ta bayyana fataucin mutane ko kuma ta tsara abubuwan da ke cikin laifin ba, kuma an fassara shi har zuwa yanzu don yin amfani da shi kawai ga sayar da mutum. A cikin shekara ta 2007, kwamitin gwamnati kan fataucin mutane ya kammala daftarin cikakken dokar yaki da fataucin kayayyaki da manufofin kasa kafin ya tura takardun zuwa Hukumar Raya Shari'ar Zambiya don sake dubawa. A lokacin bayar da rahoto, 'yan sanda da hukumomin shige da fice sun binciki akalla shari'o'i 38 da ake zargi da fataucin mutane, mafi yawansu an gano su ne a kan iyakokin iyaka kuma, saboda haka, suna da wuyar rarrabe su daga smuggling. Ayyukan diflomasiyya masu dacewa, musamman Ofishin Jakadancin Kongo, sun taimaka tare da binciken. Lokacin da aka gano keta dokokin aiki na yara, masu binciken aiki sun warware waɗannan shari'o'in ta hanyar sulhu da ba da shawara tare da ma'aikata da iyalai, maimakon bin zarge-zargen aikata laifuka a kan masu cin zarafi. Ba tare da wata doka mai amfani game da fataucin mutane ba, yawancin wadanda ake zargi da fatauccin mutane an kore su zuwa ƙasarsu ta asali. Babu wani daga cikin shari'o'in da aka bincika a cikin 2007 da ya haifar da gurfanar da shi. Shari'ar maza biyu da ake zargi da sayar da wani yaro mai shekaru takwas a watan Yunin shekara ta 2006 ta ci gaba har zuwa farkon shekara ta 2008; wadanda ake tuhuma sun kasance a kurkuku har sai sakamakon. Gwamnati ta ba da gudummawa ga jami'na biyu, ɗaya daga Ofishin 'yan sanda na kasa kuma ɗaya daga Ma'aikatar Shige da Fice, zuwa IOM na watanni huɗu a shekara ta 2007 don samun horo a matsayin Master Trainers. Wadannan jami'an sun ba da horo game da fataucin mutane ga 'yan sanda 400, jami'an shige da fice, masu gabatar da kara, da alƙalai.

## Karewa (2008)
Kokarin gwamnati na kare wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane yana da iyaka sosai. Duk da yake babu wata sanarwa ta musamman ko hanyoyin turawa a Zambia, jami'an gwamnati sun tura wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane zuwa IOM, wanda ya ba da mafaka da kula da shari'a. A cikin shekara ta 2007, 'yan sanda da hukumomin shige da fice sun tura wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane hudu - 'yan Kongo biyu da' yan Zambiya biyu - zuwa ga IOM don taimako. A shekara ta 2007, gwamnati ta ware $ 184,000 ga Ma'aikatar Ayyuka da Tsaron Jama'a ta Yara, karuwar kashi 23 cikin dari akan kasafin kudin 2006. A cikin shekara ta 2007, Sashin Binciken Ayyuka na Ma'aikatar ya gudanar da binciken da aka yi niyya na aikin yara a lardunan Gabas, Tsakiya, da Lusaka. Wasu yara da aka tilasta aiki an tura su ga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don taimako ko kuma sun shiga cikin shirye-shiryen ciyar da makaranta. Gwamnati tana ƙarfafa taimakon wadanda abin ya shafa a cikin bincike da gurfanar da masu fataucin mutane. Ba a tsare ko kuma a daure wadanda aka gano ba saboda ayyukan da ba bisa ka'ida ba da aka aikata sakamakon kai tsaye na fataucin mutane.

## Rigakafi (2008)
Duk da yake Zambia ba ta da cikakken kamfen na wayar da kan jama'a game da fataucin mutane, gwamnati ta ci gaba da kokarin hana yara masu rauni daga fataucin a cikin shekara ta 2007. Ya ci gaba da aiki na sansanonin matasa guda biyu waɗanda suka ba da shawara, farfadowa, da shiga makarantu ko horar da sana'a ga yara a kan titi da ke cikin haɗari ga fataucin mutane, gami da 'yan mata da aka cire daga karuwanci; yara 210 sun kammala karatu daga sansanonin a 2007. Jami'an shige da fice da tilasta bin doka a wuraren da ke kan iyaka sun rarraba littattafan da aka samar da IOM game da fataucin mutane ga al'ummomin yankin kuma tashar rediyo ta gwamnati ta watsa sakonnin yaki da fataucir. Gwamnati ta yi aiki tare da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a kan ci gaba don yada haɗarin karuwanci ta hanyar sanarwar rediyo da rarraba litattafai da posters. Tare da goyon bayan ILO / IPEC, Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Yara ta kafa Kwamitocin Ma'aikata na Yara na Gundumar guda bakwai, waɗanda suka haɗa da shugabannin gargajiya, iyaye, ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya, da shugabannin addini don ƙara wayar da kan jama'a game da dokokin aikin yara da mafi munin nau'ikan aikin yara. Wadannan kwamitocin sun ba da bayani game da aikin yara na cin zarafi ga mutane 8,600 a cikin shekara. Horar da aka daidaita a makarantun 'yan sanda da na soja ya haɗa da tsarin da ke magance rage buƙatar ayyukan jima'i na kasuwanci da haɗarin cin zarafin jima'i.

## Bayanan da aka ambata