open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Bayyanawar kimiyya

Nuni na kimiyya hanya ce da aka gudanar don dalilan nuna ka'idodin kimiyya, maimakon don Gwajin ra'ayi ko tattara ilimi (ko da yake ana iya aiwatar da su don waɗannan dalilai).

Yawancin nune-nunen kimiyya nune-nununen dakin gwaje-gwaje ne masu sauki da aka nufa don nuna ka'idodin jiki, sau da yawa a hanyar mamaki ko nishaɗi. Ana gudanar da su a makarantu da jami'o'i, kuma wani lokacin a cikin zanga-zangar jama'a a cikin shahararrun laccoci na kimiyya da shirye-shiryen talabijin da aka tsara don jama'a. Ana zaɓar zanga-zangar kimiyya da yawa saboda haɗuwa da cancantar ilimi da ƙimar nishaɗi, wanda galibi ana ba da shi ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki kamar fashewa.

Nuni na kimiyya na jama'a ya kasance abin da ya faru a cikin Age of Enlightenment, kuma ya daɗe yana da fasalin laccoci na Kirsimeti na Royal Institution na Burtaniya, wanda ya samo asali ne daga 1825. A zamanin talabijin, zanga-zangar kimiyya sun fito ne a cikin shirye-shiryen nishaɗi masu alaƙa da kimiyya kamar MythBusters da Brainiac: Science Abuse .

Yawancin zanga-zangar kimiyya suna da haɗari, kuma bai kamata a yi ƙoƙari ba tare da ƙwarewar dakin gwaje-gwaje mai yawa da kuma matakan tsaro masu dacewa ba. Yawancin tsofaffin sanannun zanga-zangar kimiyya, da zarar manyan abubuwan ilimin kimiyya, yanzu ba za a iya nunawa ga masu sauraro ba tare da karya dokokin kiwon lafiya da aminci ba. Wasu tsofaffin zanga-zangar, kamar barin masu sauraro su yi wasa da ruwa mercury, suna da haɗari sosai cewa bai kamata kowa ya yi ƙoƙari ya yi su a kowane yanayi ba.

## Dubi kuma

* Bayyanawa (koyarwa) 
* Jerin zanga-zangar kimiyya
* Kungiyar Koyarwa ta Kimiyya
* Kimiyya a Zamanin Haskakawa
* Nuna fasaha

## Manazarta
Maurice na Rohan

**Maurice John na Rohan** AO OBE (13 ga Mayu 1936 - 5 ga Oktoba 2006)  ya kasance injiniyan Australiya, tsohon Wakilin Janar na Kudancin Australia, kuma wanda aka zaba a matsayin Gwamna na Kudanci Australia .

## Ayyuka
An haife shi a Adelaide, Ostiraliya, de Rohan ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Adelaide a 1960 tare da digiri a aikin injiniya. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 23 ya kafa Kinnaird Hill de Rohan da Young (daga baya Kinhill Engineers Pty Ltd) a matsayin abokin tarayya sannan kuma Darakta.

Kamfanin ya fadada zuwa duk sauran jihohin Ostiraliya kuma ya girma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin injiniya da tsarawa na Ostiraliya. A shekara ta 1976, bayan hadin gwiwar kamfanin tare da Llewellyn-Davies Weeks International, de Rohan ya zama mataimakin shugaban da kuma manajan darakta na kamfanin da ke London. Ya zama memba na kafa Kasuwancin Australiya a Turai, darektan a 1978, kuma shugaban a 1982-83. Ya kuma zama Fellow na Cibiyar Gudanarwa ta Burtaniya .

Rashin 'yarsa, Alison, da surukinsa, Francis Gaillard, a cikin Bala'in jirgin ruwa na Zeebrugge na 1987 ya kasance canji a rayuwarsa. Shi, tare da wasu iyalai, sun kafa kungiyar Herald Families" Association, wanda ke da niyyar cimma adalci mafi girma da wayar da kan jama'a game da bukatar mafi girma na jirgin ruwa lafiya. An nada shi Jami'in Order of the British Empire (OBE) a cikin 1992 Birthday Honours List saboda rawar da ya taka wajen kafa shi. Hakanan, wannan ya haifar da kafa aikin agaji na bala'i a cikin 1991.

A shekara ta 1998 an nada shi wakili-janar na Kudancin Australia, wanda ke zaune a Babban Kwamitin Australia, London.

A Lord's Cricket Ground, ya kasance shugaban kwamitin dukiya na tsawon shekaru bakwai, bayan ya zama memba na Marylebone Cricket Club a shekarar 1986. Ya kasance yana da hannu sosai a cikin ci gaba da shirin ci gaba wanda ya canza wurare ga 'yan wasa, masu kallo da jami'ai, an kammala shi a kan lokaci da kuma cikin kasafin kuɗi, godiya ga kulawarsa. A Lord's mafi mahimmancin nasarorin da ya samu shine gyaran fam miliyan 8 (A $ 20) na Victorian Pavilion, wanda aka kammala yayin da aka bude kakar 2006. de Rohan ya kuma kula da sabuntawa na rufin alfarwa na musamman na Mound Stand.

Kafin ya mutu a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 2006, Firayim Minista na Kudancin Australia, Hon Mike Rann MP ya zaba shi don ya gaji Marjorie Jackson-Nelson a matsayin Gwamna na Kudanci Australia, mukamin da zai dauka a lokacin da ya dawo Adelaide. Koyaya, ba da daɗewa ba bayan ya koyi game da girmamawa, da sanin cewa yana fama da ciwon daji, yanayinsa ya kara muni. Sa'o'i kafin mutuwarsa, an sanya shi Jami'in Order of Australia (AO) a wani gabatarwa na musamman da Babban Kwamishinan Australiya Hon Richard Alston AO ya gudanar wanda dangi da abokai na kusa suka shaida. An buga wannan lambar yabo tare da girmamawar ranar Australia ta 2007.

## Manazarta
Schoolyard

**Gidan makaranta** ko **[[Campus|harabar]] makaranta** shine yankin da ke cikin iyakokin makarantar da ake amfani da ita don koyarwa, ayyukan da ba na makaranta ba, da kuma yin wasanni da wasanni.

Koyaya, wasu makarantu ba sa amfani da bango don nuna kewayon filin makaranta, a cikin waɗannan lokuta ana iya kiran ayyukan koyarwa da ayyukan bayan makaranta a matsayin rayuwar harabar kuma ana amfani da "gidan makaranta" ko "campus" sau da yawa a matsayin ma'anar rayuwar makaranta.

Kalmar kuma tana iya nufin kawai ɓangaren waje na harabar, wanda ya bambanta da sararin aji. A cikin wannan mahallin, ana iya amfani da filin makaranta a matsayin wurin koyarwa don koyar da ɗalibai game da Tsarin muhalli. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan an sami ci gaba mai girma a duniya don ƙirƙirar filayen makaranta "kore" waɗanda suka haɗa da lambunan ilmantarwa, abubuwan da ke kama ruwan sama, da sauran siffofin halitta waɗanda ke inganta ilimin muhalli.

## Manazarta
Mary Campbell Dawbarn

**Mary Campbell "Mollie" Dawbarn** (5 ga watan Janairun 1902 - 24 ga watan Mayu 1982)  ta kasance Masanin kimiyyar halittu kuma masanin ilimin abinci mai gina jiki na Australiya. An san ta sosai saboda bincikenta kan bitamin B mai rikitarwa. Samar da gwaji don bitamin b12 da kuma kammala hanyoyin kimanta bitamin B1 a cikin burodi suna daga cikin sanannun ayyukanta.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Yar Gilbert Joseph Dawbarn da Mary Isabella Macdonald, an haife ta ne a Ballarat kuma ta koma Kudancin Australia a 1907. Dawbarn ta sami tallafin karatu a Kwalejin Mata ta Methodist a Adelaide . Ta sami BSc da MSc daga Jami'ar Adelaide a 1923 da 1928 bi da bi. Ta sami DSc daga wannan jami'a a shekara ta 1958. 

## Ayyuka
Ta fara aiki a 1924 a matsayin mai nuna alamar ilmin sunadarai a jami'ar. A shekara ta 1927, ta zama likitan bincike na Gidauniyar Binciken Kayayyakin Dabbobi, Jami'ar Adelaide . Yayinda take hutu daga 1933 zuwa 1934, ta yi aiki a Cibiyar Lister ta Magunguna a London da Jami'ar Strasbourg a Faransa. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, ta gudanar da bincike ga sojojin Australiya game da bukatun abinci mai gina jiki. A shekara ta 1954, an nada ta babban jami'in bincike na Sashen Biochemistry da General Nutrition, a Kungiyar Binciken Kimiyya da Masana'antu ta Commonwealth. Ta yi ritaya a shekarar 1963.

## Rayuwa ta baya
A lokacin da ta yi ritaya, ta yi tafiya na shekaru da yawa kuma daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da kuɗi ga Kungiyar Ornithological ta Kudancin Australia. Tana da sha'awar daukar hoto sosai kuma ƙwararren mai daukar hoto ce kanta. Ta samar da fadada baki da fari da kanta. Ta kuma kasance memba na Adelaide Lyceum da kulob din Soroptimist .  Dawbarn ya mutu a Adelaide yana da shekaru 80.  Bayan mutuwarta, an ƙone jikinta.

*

## Manazarta
Guy Debelle

**Guy Debelle** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1966/1967)  masanin tattalin arziki ne na Australiya wanda shine tsohon Mataimakin Gwamna na Bankin Tsaro na Ostiraliya, bayan an nada shi a shekarar 2016.  Ya zauna a kan kwamitin Tivan, kamfanin hakar ma'adinai na ASX, a matsayin wanda ba babban darektan ba.

## Ayyuka
A cikin 2022, bayan shekaru 7 a matsayin Mataimakin Gwamna da shekaru 25 a RBA Debelle ba zato ba tsammani ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa a Bankin Tsaro na Ostiraliya, yana neman matsayi a makamashi mai tsabta ba tare da riba ba Fortescue Future Industries.

Ya kasance Babban Jami'in Kudi na Fortescue Future Industries, wani kamfani na makamashi na duniya wanda ya himmatu ga samar da hydrogen mai launin carbon daga 100 cikin 100 na hanyoyin sabuntawa. FFI tana da niyyar kawar da sassan da ke da wuyar raguwa kuma tana da alhakin kawar da kamfanonin iyayenta - Fortescue - wanda Andrew Forrest ya kafa. Ya yi murabus daga Fortescue bayan watanni 17 kawai a cikin rawar, a cikin rikice-rikicen jagoranci a cikin kungiyar.

Debelle kuma tana jagorantar ƙungiyar aiki ta canjin yanayi a Majalisar Kula da Kudi ta Australiya . 

## Ilimi
Debelle ta halarci Kwalejin St Peter a Adelaide, Kudancin Australia kuma ta kasance Dux na makarantar a 1983, shekarar kammala karatunsa. Debelle ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Adelaide tare da digiri na farko na tattalin arziki (hons) a shekarar 1987.  Ya kammala digirin digirin digirgir a fannin tattalin arziki a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts karkashin kulawar Stanley Fischer. Debelle kuma Sarauniya ce ta Scout, wacce aka ba ta lambar yabo a shekarar 1983.

## Littattafai

* Debelle, Guy & Stevens, Glenn. & Bankin ajiya na Ostiraliya. Ma'aikatar Binciken Tattalin Arziki. (1995). *Manufofin manufofin kudi don hauhawar farashi a Ostiraliya*. Sydney, NSW: Sashen Binciken Tattalin Arziki, Bankin Tsaro na Ostiraliya . 

## Manazarta
Renae Domaschenz

**Renae Domaschenz** (an haife ta a ranar 7 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1979) 'yar wasan motsa jiki ce ta Australiya kuma kociya. Ta kasance coxswain a cikin PR3 Mix 4+ a Wasannin Paralympics na Tokyo na 2020. 

## Na Mutum
An haifi Domaschenz a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu 1979.  Ta girma a Adelaide kuma ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Adelaide . Daga nan ta kammala digirin digirgir a Jami'ar Cambridge a kan ilimin kan kwayoyin halitta. Ta kasance mai bincike a Sashen Kimiyya na Genomes a Jami'ar Kasa ta Australia. A cikin 2021, ta ɗauki matsayin Daraktan Wasanni na Makarantar 'yan mata ta Canberra.

## Gudun ruwa
Domaschenz ya zama coxswain a shekara ta 2002 yayin da yake karatu a Jami'ar Cambridge kuma ya shiga Kungiyar Jirgin Ruwa ta Jami'ar Cambridge a cikin sanannen Oxford v Cambridge Boat Race . Daga nan sai ta shiga ƙungiyar Landan 'yan wasa a Molesey Boat Club a London.

Ta yi ta farko a gasar zakarun duniya a shekarar 2018 a matsayin coxswain na PR3 Mixed Coxed Four wanda ya zo na biyar. Ta kasance coxswain na PR3 Mixed Coxed Four wanda ya zo na huɗu a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2019.

A Wasannin Paralympics na bazara na 2020, Domaschenz ya kasance cox na PR3 Mix 4+ wanda ya kunshi Tom Birtwhistle, James Talbot, Alexandra Viney da Nikki Ayers. Kungiyar ta cancanci wasan karshe bayan ta lashe Repechage tare da lokaci na 7:06.98 amma ta zo ta huɗu a wasan karshe kuma ta kasa lashe lambar yabo.

Domaschenz ya kasance Mataimakin Kocin / Mai Gudanar da Ci gaban Hanyar don Kwalejin Wasanni ta ACT / Rowing ACT High Performance Program. Ita ce kocin Kathryn Ross na yanzu.

A cikin 2021, Domaschenz memba ne na ANU Boat Club.

## Manazarta
Harrison Petty

**Harrison Petty** (an haife shi 12 Nuwamba 1999) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Australiya wanda ke buga wa kungiyar ƙwallon ƙwallon kafa ta Melbourne a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Australiya (AFL). Melbourne ce ta tsara shi tare da zabin su na uku kuma na talatin da bakwai gabaɗaya a cikin takardar kasa ta 2017.  Ya fara bugawa St Kilda maki biyu a zagaye na goma sha biyar na kakar 2018. 

## Kwallon ƙafa na farko
Petty ya taka leda a matsayin babban mai tsaron gida na Kudancin Australia kuma ya kasance MVP kuma All-Australian a cikin 2017 Under 18 carnival. Petty daga nan ya buga wasan kasa da shekaru 19 da kuma Reserves tare da Norwood kafin a tsara shi.

## Ayyukan AFL
An dauki Petty tare da karɓar 37 a cikin takardar kasa ta 2017 kuma ya bayyana a wasa daya a kakar 2018 ta AFL, kuma ya kwashe sauran shekarar yana tasowa a cikin VFL tare da Casey Demons. Petty ya sanya hannu kan karin kwangilar shekaru 2 don ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin aljanu har zuwa 2020.

Petty ya fara kakar 2019 ta AFL a cikin tsaro amma an sauya shi zuwa layin gaba a karo na farko a cikin aikinsa. Ya zira kwallaye uku a wasan farko da ya yi, kuma wasu uku a cikin makonni hudu masu zuwa kafin rauni ya hana shi daga wasanni biyu da suka gabata.

Bayan ya warke daga raunin da ya samu a cikin hanci, Petty ya fara kakar AFL ta 2021 a gefen ajiyar Melbourne, kafin a tuno da shi bayan raunin gwiwa na Adam Tomlinson.[undefined] Petty ya burge shi a sauran shekarar, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a tsaron Melbourne. Ya taka leda a manyan masu gaba kamar Josh Bruce, Eric Hipwood da Brody Mihocek kuma ya kasance mai amsawa a matsayin mai tsaron gida wanda ya ba Steven May da Jake Lever damar tsayarwa da kai farmaki a kan sakewa.[1] A lokacin zagaye na 17 a kan manyan hudu da aka sanya Port Adelaide, Petty ya sami damar nuna nasa iyawa na tsayarwa. Da yake wasa a kan Todd Marshall da Mitch Georgiades, Petty ya gama wasan tare da tsayarwa takwas.[2] Petty ya ƙare kakar wasa ta wasa a nasarar AFL Grand Final ta Melbourne ta 2021.[3]

An jinkirta kakar wasa ta 2022 saboda raunin maraƙi, bai koma gefe ba har zuwa zagaye na 5. Daga can ya kasance babban ginshiƙi a cikin mafi kyawun layin baya na league, yana riƙe da matsayinsa har zuwa ƙarshen kakar. A zagaye na 23 wani abin da ya faru da ya shafi kyaftin din Brisbane Dayne Zorko ya bincika ta AFL bayan an bar Petty cikin hawaye a Gabba. Abokan wasan Petty sun kewaye su a cikin kwata-kwata uku bayan abin da kocin Melbourne Simon Goodwin ya bayyana a matsayin "maras kyau" sharhi game da memba na iyali.

Bayan ya fara kakar AFL ta 2023 a cikin tsaro, an sake amfani da shi a matsayin mai gaba, kafin raunin ƙafa a zagaye na 9 da Hawthorn ya kashe shi makonni da yawa. Ya sake ci gaba a zagaye na 20 kuma ya zira kwallaye shida mafi kyau a kan Richmond, kafin wani rauni a ƙafa a mako mai zuwa ya ƙare kakar wasa ta.

Petty ya koma layin gaba a farkon 2024 amma ya yi gwagwarmaya don samun burin, ya kori tara kawai a wasanni 20.

A farkon 2025, Petty ya koma tsaron amma nan da nan aka buƙaci shi a cikin layin Melbourne mai gwagwarmaya kuma ya ƙare kakar wasa tare da manyan burin 20.

## Manazarta
Bronwen Phyllis Douglas

**Bronwen Phyllis Douglas** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1946), masanin tarihin Australiya ne wanda manyan batutuwan bincike sun shafi ra'ayin duniya na tseren da kuma abubuwan da ke faruwa a Oceania, musamman tsibirin Pacific, tsibirin kudu maso gabashin Asiya da Ostiraliya.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Douglas yaro ne kawai, an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Yuli 1946 a Adelaide, Ostiraliya, ga Jean Naughton Craig da Joseph Campbell Craig wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai tsaron jirgin kasa. Bayan mahaifinta ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani a shekara ta 1955, mahaifiyarta ce ta tashe ta wacce ta tallafa musu ta hanyar aiki a matsayin mai binciken kiwon lafiya.

### Ilimi
Douglas ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Adelaide da makarantar sakandare na Woodville a Kudancin Australia kuma ta sami tallafin karatu da yawa, wanda ya ba ta damar samun ilimin jami'a ba tare da farashi ba. Ta kammala karatu a shekarar 1966 tare da BA a Tarihi daga Jami'ar Adelaide tare da Diploma na Koyarwa daga Kwalejin Malamai ta Adelaide . Daga baya a wannan shekarar, ta bar Adelaide zuwa Canberra, don karɓar tallafin PhD a Tarihin Pacific a Jami'ar Kasa ta Australia (AUN). A can ne masanin tarihi Dorothy Shineberg ya kula da ita. A shekara ta 1972 an ba ta digiri na biyu tare da rubutun da ake kira, *Tarihin hulɗar al'adu a arewa maso gabashin New Caledonia, 1774-1870*.

### Ayyuka
Douglas ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Malami a Tarihi a Jami'ar La Trobe, Melbourne, a cikin 1971. A shekara ta gaba ta zama Malami a Tarihi kuma ta sami matsayi a 1973 kuma an inganta ta a matsayin Babban Malami a 1979. Tana koyarwa a Jami'ar La Trobe "a lokacin manyan kwanakin makarantar 'tarihin Ethnographic' ta Melbourne wacce ta kasance memba mai ƙwazo".  A shekara ta 1996, ta bar Jami'ar Le Trobe kuma ta karɓi alƙawari a matsayin Fellow a Makarantar Bincike ta Pacific da Nazarin Asiya a Jami'iyyar Australian National (ANU), Canberra . Ci gabanta na karshe ya kasance zuwa Babban Fellow a shekarar 2000. Ta yi ritaya daga ANU a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2012, kuma ta karɓi sabon alƙawari a matsayin Babban Mataimakin a Kwalejin ANU ta Asiya da Pacific . A lokacin da take karatun digiri a ANU, ta kula da daliban PhD 13 masu nasara. Ko da bayan da ta yi ritaya, ta ci gaba da ba da shawara ga 'yan takarar digiri da kuma ba da shawara kan matasa abokan aiki da ɗalibai.

## Manazarta
Muneeba Ali

**Muneeba Ali Siddiqui** (an haife ta a ranar 8 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1997) ƴar kasar Pakistan ce da ta ke taka leda a wasan kiriket a matsayin mai tsaron ƙofa (wicket-keeper) kuma mai bugun kwallo da hagu. A halin yanzu tana taka leda a Pakistan, kuma ta buga wasan kirirket na cikin gida ga Balochistan, Omar Associates, Karachi, Bankin ƙasar Pakistan, Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited, da PCB Strikers.

## Ayyuka
Ta kasance daga cikin tawagar Pakistan a shekarar 2016 ICC Women's World Twenty20, inda ta fara WT20I a gasar.  Ta yi wasan farko na mata na kasa da kasa (WODI) a kan Sri Lanka a ranar 20 ga watan Maris shekarar 2018. 

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2018, an sanya sunan ta a cikin tawagar Pakistan don gasar cin kofin mata ta duniya ta ICC ta 2018 a West Indies.  A watan Janairun 2020, ta kasance a cikin tawagar Pakistan don gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta ICC ta 2020 a Ostiraliya. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2020, an sanya ta a cikin jerin sunayen mata na Cricketer na shekarar don lambar yabo ta PCB ta 2020.

A watan Oktoba na shekarar 2021, an sanya sunanta a cikin tawagar Pakistan don gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta 2021 a Zimbabwe.  A watan Janairun 2022, an sanya sunanta a cikin tawagar Pakistan don Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta 2022 a New Zealand.  A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2022, an sanya sunanta a cikin tawagar Pakistan don gasar cricket a Wasannin Commonwealth na 2022 a Birmingham, Ingila. 

A ranar 15 ga watan Fabrairun 2023, Ali ta zama mace ta farko ta Pakistan da ta zira kwallaye 102 daga 68 a kan Ireland a wasan Pakistan na biyu na gasar cin kofin duniya ta ICC ta 2023 a Afirka ta Kudu.  Wannan kuma ya sanya ta kaɗai ta shida mai bugawa da ta zira kwallaye a gasar cin Kofin Duniya na T20 na Mata.

An sanya sunanta a cikin tawagar Pakistan don gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta T20 ta ICC ta 2024. 

Ali ta kasance daga cikin tawagar Pakistan don gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta Cricket ta 2025 a gida a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2025. 

## Manazarta
Janet DeLaine

**Janet DeLaine** ita ce Emeritus Fellow a Kwalejin Wolfson, Oxford kuma Fellow na Society of Antiquaries na London . Ita masanin binciken kayan tarihi ne na Roma wanda bincikensa ya mayar da hankali kan yanayin birane, tare da mai da hankali kan wuraren wanka, ci gaban birane da masana'antar gini a duniyar Roma.

## Ayyuka
DeLaine ta horar da ita a fannin Injiniya sannan kuma Classics, ta sami BA (hons) da PhD a Jami'ar Adelaide. Rubutun digirin ta ya kasance a kan Design da Construction a cikin Roman Imperial Architecture: the Baths of Caracalla a Roma. Littafin da ta biyo baya The Baths of Caracalla in Rome: Nazarin a cikin Design, Construction and Economics of Large-scale Building Projects in Imperial Rome, Journal of Roman Archaeology, Supplement 25 (Portsmouth R.I. 1997) ya lashe kyautar James R. Wiseman ta Cibiyar Nazarin Archaeological ta Amurka don mafi mahimmancin aiki a cikin ilimin kimiyyar tarihi a cikin 1998.

Ta rike mukamin malami sannan kuma babban malami a fannin ilimin kimiyyar archaeology a Jami'ar Reading, a Sashen Archaeology, kafin ta zama malami a Cibiyar Archaeology a Jami'ar Oxford a shekara ta 2005.

## Littattafan da aka zaɓa

### Littattafai

* Janet DeLaine: Gine-ginen Roman (Oxford History of Art) (Oxforde 2023).
* Janet DeLaine, Stefano Camporeale, Antonio Pizzo (eds.) *Arqueología de la construcción 5, kayan aikin mutum, injiniya da ababen more rayuwa: ayyukan bita na 5th International a kan ilimin kimiyyar gine-ginen Romawa, Oxford, Afrilu 11-12, 2015* (Madrid 2016)  
* Janet DeLaine da D.E. Johnston (ed.)  Wutar wanka da wanka na Romawa. Ayyukan Taron Kasa da Kasa na Farko akan Roman Baths, Vol. 1, Wutarka da Jama'a; Vol. 2 Design and Construction, Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplement 37 (Portsmouth RI 1999). ISBN &nbsp;
* Janet DeLaine *The Baths of Caracalla a Roma: wani bincike a cikin zane, gini da tattalin arziki na manyan ayyukan gini a cikin mulkin mallaka na Roma*, Journal of Roman Archaeology, Supplement 25 (Portsmouth R.I. 1997). ISBN &nbsp;

## Manazarta
Alan Dowding

**Alan Lorimer Dowding** (4 ga Afrilu 1929 - 8 ga Yuni 2023) ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Australiya na farko wanda ya buga wa Jami'ar Oxford, Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), Commonwealth XI da Free Foresters . Ya zama malamin makaranta.

## Rayuwa da aiki
Dowding ya ba da kyakkyawan aikin kwallon kafa na Australiya lokacin da aka ba shi Rhodes Scholarship kuma ya koma Ingila. Wakilin Kudancin Australia a 1948 Perth Amateur Carnival, Dowding ya kasance dan wasan kwallon kafa tare da Sturt. Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Balliol yayin da yake Jami'ar Oxford kuma a baya ya halarci Kwalejin St Peter da Jami'ar Adelaide a gida.

Daga 1951 zuwa 1953, Dowding ya kasance mai ba da gudummawa na yau da kullun a cikin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Jami'ar Oxford, yawanci a matsayin mai buga ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙasa guda biyar amma kuma yana buga ƙwallaye a cikin tsari na farko. A wasan farko na uku kawai, Dowding ya zira kwallaye 105 a kan Nottinghamshire. Ya dawo da ƙarni na baya lokacin da ya yi 103 ba a cikin nasara a kan Free Foresters a wasansa na gaba ba.

Ayyukansa a 1952 sun haɗu, amma ya zira kwallaye 69 a kan Indiya. A shekara ta 1952 ya kuma buga wasanni biyu na farko na Commonwealth XI kuma ya sake buga wa Indiya kwallo, tare da innings na farko 54 da 35 a karo na biyu.

An nada shi kyaftin din Oxford a 1953, Dowding ya jagoranci tawagar a wasanni 14 na farko, gami da wasa tare da tawagar Australia mai yawon shakatawa. Ya zo kusa da zira kwallaye na ƙarni a kan Yorkshire amma Ray Illingworth ya buga shi da 99.

Ya buga wa duka Free Foresters da MCC daga 1954 zuwa 1956. Ya yi kawai rabin ƙarni huɗu daga jimlar wasanni goma a wannan lokacin, kodayake matsakaicin sa a 1956 ya kasance mai kyau 44. Yayinda yake wasa tare da MCC a cikin abin da zai zama wasan farko na biyu na karshe, Dowding ya ɗauki wicket guda ɗaya na aikinsa lokacin da ya kama kuma ya buga Bob Barber na Cambridge. Ya kasance kawai bowling saboda Cambridge suna bin karamin kashi na huɗu, kuma kwallaye uku da suka hada da nasarar da aka samu, daga bat na Ted Dexter.

Dowding ya auri Jennifer Hughes a Aldingbourne, Sussex, a watan Agustan shekara ta 1954.  Ya zama malamin makaranta. Ya kasance masanin kimiyya a Kwalejin Radley daga 1969 zuwa 1994. Ya mutu a ranar 8 ga Yuni 2023, yana da shekaru 94.

## Manazarta
Kevin Downard

**Kevin Downard** masanin kimiyya ne ɗan Birtaniya-Ostiraliya wanda bincikensa ya ƙware wajen inganta martanin da ake bayarwa ga cututtuka masu yaɗuwa ta hanyar amfani da fasahar auna yawan ƙwayoyin cuta da sauran hanyoyin nazarin ƙwayoyin cuta a rayuwa da kimiyyar likitanci. Downard yana da ƙwarewa sama da shekaru 35 a fannin kuma ya rubuta mujallu 150 na marubutan kimiyya waɗanda aka yi nazari a kansu, da littattafai biyu ciki har da littafin karatu  na Royal Society of Chemistry da kuma littafi na farko da aka buga kan rawar da fasahar auna yawan ƙwayoyin cuta ke takawa a nazarin hulɗar furotin. 

## Ilimi
Downard ya sami digiri na Ph.D. daga Jami'ar Adelaide a Kudancin Australia inda ya sami kyautar Donald Stranks.

## Ayyuka
Babban abin da ya mayar da hankali ga bincikensa shine ya dakatar da tasirin cututtukan cututtukani da ke haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta. Fiye da shekaru 25, ya jagoranci ci gaban sabon nau'in nau'in, bioinformatics da hanyoyin taimakon kwamfuta don nuna alamun ƙwayoyin cuta na numfashi kuma shine jagora na duniya a wannan fagen. Ya haɓaka hanyoyin yin nau'i, subtype,  nazarin zuriya, antigenicity,  da juyin halitta  na Kwayar cutar mura da sauran cututtukan numfashi, ciki har da SARS CoV-2, [4] kuma ya gano kuma yayi bincike kan tushen kwayoyin sabbin masu hana kwayar cuta, don taimakawa wajen kama tasirin cututtuken cututtukani a kan lafiyar ɗan adam. Gidan gwaje-gwajensa ya jagoranci martani na Ostiraliya ga kwayar cutar SARS-CoV2 tare da mass spectrometry tun daga shekarar 2020.

## Daraja da sauran ayyuka
Downard ya sami karbuwa a duniya saboda bincikensa bayan ya sami kyaututtuka daga duka al'ummomin Amurka (ASMS 1999) da Burtaniya (2016). Ya sami tallafi na kasa da kasa guda hudu daga Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Australiya da Japan Society for the Promotion of Science . Ya taru kuma ya jagoranci taron Sir Mark Oliphant na biyu a kan Proteomics a shekara ta 2003 da kuma taron mafi girma na Australiya a shekara ta 2009  bayan ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Zartarwa na MS na tsawon shekaru 7. Ya kasance mai aiki sosai wajen inganta muhimmancin bincike a fagen sa da tarihin mass spectrometry da masu gabatarwa wanda ya sami lambar yabo ta Moran daga Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Australia a shekara ta 2006. Ayyukansa an nuna su a cikin mujallu na kimiyya a cikin kimiyyar nazari, albarkatun yanar gizo na kimiyya, da kuma kafofin watsa labarai ciki har da ganawa da Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Australiya (ABC Australia). Ya yi aiki a cikin fannoni daban-daban na kimiyya, kwamitin kwararru da kwamitocin al'umma. Ya rike mukamin Darakta na Shirin Biotechnology kusan kusan shekaru goma kuma ya kasance memba mai kafa zartarwa da kuma mai ba da shawara ga Cibiyar Kula da Cututtukan Cututtuka da Tsaro ta Sydney. Ya yi aiki tare da abokan hulɗa na masana'antu a fannin kimiyyar halittu da kuma fannin kimiyya.

## Manazarta
Toby Pink

**Toby Pink Floyd** (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1998) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Australiya wanda ke buga wa Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Arewacin Melbourne a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Australiya (AFL).

Daga Tantanoola, Kudancin Australia, Pink ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na 'yan kasa da shekaru 18 a kungiyar Glenelg Football Club yayin da yake shiga Kwalejin Rostrevor a Adelaide. Yayinda yake can, ya kori nasarar da ya samu a baya a nasarar da Glenelg ya samu a kan Arewacin Adelaide a wasan karshe na kasa da shekaru 18; bayan da ya yi alama a gaban siren na karshe, Pink ya dauki bayan siren 60m da aka harba a cikin iska, wanda ya fadi amma ya yi ta hanyar baya, ta wata hanya ya guje wa masu kare Arewacin Adelaid goma sha ɗaya da ke tsaye a filin burin. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata ya buga wa kulob dinsa na Tantanoola Tigers kuma ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Millicent.

Sydney ce ta tsara Pink tare da zaɓi na ƙarshe na Shirin Rookie na 2017. Ya shafe shekaru uku a jerin Sydney, ya rasa mafi yawan kakar 2018 tare da karyewar idon sa, amma daga ƙarshe an cire shi a ƙarshen 2019 ba tare da buga babban wasa ba. Pink ya sanya hannu tare da masu ajiyar Arewacin Melbourne a kakar 2020, bai taba buga wasa a can ba saboda an soke kakar saboda annobar COVID-19. Daga nan sai ya koma buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tare da Glenelg. 

Bayan ya taka leda a matsayin mai gaba da kuma ruckman a farkon aikinsa, Pink ya sauya zuwa baya a Glenelg, kuma a cikin 2023 an kira shi cikakken baya a cikin ƙungiyar SANFL ta Shekara - tare da kasancewa cikin ƙungiyar firaministan kulob din. Wannan wasan kwaikwayon ya gan shi ya koma AFL, wanda Arewacin Melbourne ya sanya hannu a matsayin wakilin kyauta a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2023.[1] Ya fara buga wasan farko na AFL yana da shekaru 25 a zagaye na 2, 2024.[2] Ya buga manyan wasanni 15 a 2024, wanda ya haifar da tsawaita kwangilar shekara guda.[3]

## Manazarta
Dean Drayton

**Rodney Dean Drayton** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1941 ) Minista Ikilisiyar Uniting Church ne a Ostiraliya (UCA) kuma ya kasance Shugaban Majalisar UCA daga Yuli 2003 zuwa Yuli 2006. Yana ba da lacca a kan wani ɓangare na lokaci a cikin Missiology a Kwalejin tauhidin United (UTC)  ta Sydney.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Drayton a Whyalla, Kudancin Australia a shekara ta 1941. Ya yi girma tun yana yaro a unguwar Adelaide. Ya sami BSc (Hons) daga Jami'ar Adelaide, BD daga Kwalejin Melbourne na Divinity da PhD daga Cibiyar Nazarin tauhidin Chicago. 

Tsohon masanin ilimin ƙasa,  an naɗa Drayton a matsayin minista a 1969 a Kent Town, Kudancin Australia. Ya yi aiki a matsayin minista a cikin ikilisiyoyi uku, Westbourne Park da Salisbury a Kudancin Australia da DePue, Illinois a Amurka yayin da yake rubuta rubutun digirinsa. Daga nan ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Bishara ga Synod na Kudancin Australia na tsawon shekaru biyar sannan shekaru 16 suka biyo baya a matsayin babban darakta na Kwamitin Ofishin Jakadancin a cikin Synod na New South Wales . Ya kasance mai kula da majalisa ta New South Wales (Oktoba 1995-Oktoba 1996)  kuma yana da Pilgrim in the Cosmos  wanda aka buga a 1996. A cikin shekara ta 1997, ya shafe lokaci a matsayin farfesa mai ziyara a cikin bishara a Makarantar tauhidin Perkins ta Jami'ar Methodist ta Kudu a Dallas, Texas. A shekara ta 1999 an nada shi malami a fannin tauhidi (Missiology da bishara) a Kwalejin tauhidin United da ke Sydney, inda yake memba na ƙungiyar ba da gudummawa (2010).  

Drayton ya kasance memba na Kwamitin Jakadancin Kasa da Bishara na Majalisar UCA daga 1985 zuwa 1998 kuma memba na kwamitin dindindin daga 1985 har zuwa 2009. Ya yi tafiya sosai a Ostiraliya yana yin bishara da manufa, ya yi aiki sosai tare da Majalisar Kirista ta Uniting Aboriginal da Islander da kuma Majalisar Tsibirin Pacific ta NSW da Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Koriya.

Drayton ya kasance Shugaban Ikilisiyar Uniting a Ostiraliya daga Yuli 2003 zuwa Yuli 2006 a lokacin da aka yi jayayya game da matsayin cocin  a kan Kiristoci masu luwadi maza da mata, musamman ma malamai, kuma sun ɗauki matsayin jagoranci na sulhu.

Drayton shine marubucin Pilgrim in the Cosmos (1996) da *Wane Linjila?*?  (2005), da kuma sauran karatu da labarai game da manufa, bishara da mahallin manufa na zamani.

## Manazarta
Murali K. Thalluri

**Murali K. Thalluri** (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1984) shi ne darektan fina-finai na Australiya, marubuci, kuma furodusa. Kamfanin samar da shi da kuma samar da kudade ana kiransa M2 Entertainment (**M2E**).

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Murali K. Thalluri a ranar 4 ga watan Agusta 1984  a Canberra ga iyayen Indiyawan (Telugu), da ake kira Rajkiran da Jyoti. Sun koma Adelaide, Kudancin Australia, inda Thalluri ya halarci Kwalejin Rostrevor sannan ya kammala makarantar sakandare a Kwalejin Jami'ar.

Yayinda yake yaro, an kwantar da Thalluri a asibiti na dogon lokaci tare da matsalolin koda da bututu, kuma yana da shekaru 15 kusan "yara" 15 suka yi masa fashi kuma suka yi masa wuka yayin da yake cikin ɗakin tarho, wanda ya haifar da asarar ido ɗaya.

Iyayensa sun so ya zama likita, amma ya fara karatun digiri na kasuwanci a Jami'ar Kudancin Australia yayin da yake aiki a Ofishin Haraji na Australiya, kafin ya yanke shawarar cewa yana so ya yi fina-finai.

## Ayyuka
A shekara ta 2006 Thalluri, tare da mai daukar hoto Nick Matthews, sun kafa kamfanin M2 Entertainment (M2E) a matsayin kamfanin samar da fina-finai da kuma samar da kudi don yin fim dinsa na farko. *2:37*, tare da Teresa Palmer, fim game da kashe kansa na matasa, an kammala shi lokacin da yake da shekaru 22 kuma ya sami kuɗi a kan karamin kasafin kuɗi ta hanyar kudade masu zaman kansu. Wasan kwaikwayo na tunanin mutum ya yi nasara sosai, yana mai da Thalluri "labari mai nasara na dare". Har ila yau, fim ne na farko da kamfanin samar da fina-finai na Adelaide Kojo, wanda kamfanin Kent Smith ya samar. Ya kasance Zaɓin hukuma a bikin fina-finai na Cannes na shekara ta 2006. kuma an nuna shi a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Melbourne da Toronto . Thalluri ya ce ya yi amfani da abubuwa na kashe kansa na abokinsa da kuma yunkurin kashe kansa, wanda ya haifar da gardama bayan wasu sun zarge shi da yin ƙarya game da wannan.

A watan Agustan shekara ta 2010, Thalluri ya sake kaddamar da M2E, tare da manufar tallafawa ko hada-hadar fina-finai guda biyu da gajerun fina-fukkuna biyu a kowace shekara har zuwa shekara ta 2014. Kwamitin ya hada da Nick Matthews, furodusa Nick Selth, Ian Gibbins na Arclight Films, furodura Scott Mosier, masu hada sauti Leslie Shatz da Chris David, da Michelle Krumm, wadanda a baya suka yi aiki ga Miramax da Weinstein.[1]

## Manazarta
Vincent Tarzia

**Vincent Anthony Tarzia** (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1986)  ɗan siyasan Australiya ne wanda shine tsohon Shugaban Jam'iyyar adawa ta Kudu Australia kuma tsohon Shugaban Jamʼiyyar Liberal ta Kudu Australia . Ya wakilci kujerar Majalisar Dokoki ta Hartley tun Zaben jihar na 2014. 

Tarzia ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan 'yan sanda, Ayyukan Gaggawa da Ayyukan Gyara tsakanin Yuli 2020 da Maris 2022 a Ma'aikatar Marshall. Bayan murabus din David Speirs daga jagorancin Liberal a watan Agustan 2024, Tarzia ta lashe zaben shugabancin Liberal na gaba.

## Tarihi da farkon aiki
Tarzia ya halarci Makarantar St Joseph a yankin Adelaide na Payneham da Kwalejin Rostrevor, inda ya kasance shugaban da dux na kwalejin. Ya fara aikinsa na farko yana da shekaru 13, yana tara ɗakunan ajiya a babban kantin sayar da abinci na gida.

Tarzia ta sami digiri na shari'a da kasuwanci a Jami'ar Adelaide, kuma ta zama lauya, tana aiki a cikin gudanar da kudade, bangarorin shari'a le kasuwanci.

## Ayyukan siyasa
Tarzia ya shiga siyasa a shekara ta 2010, ya zama wakilin garin Norwood Payneham & St Peters, an zabe shi na farko daga cikin 'yan takara bakwai kuma ya kayar da masu mulki biyu na dogon lokaci.

A shekara ta 2012, Jam'iyyar Liberal ta Kudancin Australia ta riga ta zaba Tarzia don yin takara a wurin zama na Hartley na arewa maso gabashin Adelaide. Tarzia ta lashe kujerar a Zaben jihar na 2014, inda ta doke mai mulki na Labour Grace Portolesi . 

A watan Janairun 2016 an nada Tarzia a matsayin Sakataren Majalisar Shadow na Kasuwanci, Innovation da Kasuwanci. A watan Janairun 2017, Tarzia ya zama Sakataren Majalisar Shadow.

### Zaben 2018
A ranar 6 ga Oktoba 2017, Nick Xenophon ya sanar da cewa zai yi murabus daga Majalisar Dattijai ta tarayya kuma ya kalubalanci Tarzia a Hartley a Zaben jihar na 2018. [undefined] Wata daya bayan sanarwar Xenophon, an sanar da wanda ya riga Tarzia a kujerar, Grace Portolesi, a matsayin dan takarar Labour, wanda ya juya zaben mai zuwa zuwa zuwa cikin gasa ta hanyoyi uku. Zaben farko a watan Janairun 2018 ya yi hasashen cewa Xenophon zai lashe Hartley, tare da labaran kafofin watsa labarai da ke kiran Xenophone a matsayin mutum mafi tasiri a Kudancin Australia.[1]

Duk da cewa kafofin watsa labarai sun rubuta shi, Tarzia ya lashe tseren hanyoyi uku kuma ya riƙe Hartley da gamsarwa, tare da kashi 57.8% na kuri'un da kashi 4.7% na juyawa zuwa gare shi, duk da juyawa a duk fadin jihar na 1.1% daga Jam'iyyar Liberal. Nasarar Tarzia ta kasance mabuɗin taimaka wa 'yan Liberals lashe gwamnati a karo na farko tun shekara ta 2002.

A ranar 3 ga Mayu 2018, an zabi Tarzia a matsayin Kakakin Majalisar Dokokin Kudancin Australia, ya zama mutum mafi ƙanƙanta da ya rike mukamin a tarihin Kudancin Australiya. 

## Manazarta
Lô Borges

**Salomão Borges Filho** (10 Janairu 1952 - 2 Nuwamba 2025), wanda aka sani da ƙwararru da Lô Borges (Brazilian Fotigal: [ˈlo ˈbɔʁʒis]), mawaƙi ne na Brazil-marubuci kuma mawaki.

Lô Borges yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa Clube da Esquina, kungiyar mawakan da suka samo asali daga jihar Minas Gerais ta kasar Brazil. Ya haɗu tare da Milton Nascimento albam ɗin Clube da Esquina a cikin 1972, wanda ya kasance ci gaba a cikin mashahurin kiɗan Brazil. Daga cikin shahararrun waƙoƙinsa akwai "Paisagem da Janela", "Para Lennon e McCartney", "Clube da Esquina No. 2", "Trem de Doido", da "O Trem Azul" .

Ana la'akari da shi daya daga cikin manyan mawallafin kiɗa na Brazil, wanda Tom Jobim, Elis Regina, Milton Nascimento, Flávio Venturini, Beto Guedes, Nenhum de Nós, Ira!, 14 Bis, Skank, Nando Reis, da Elba Ramalho suka rubuta, da sauransu.
## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Borges a ranar 10 ga Janairu 1952 a Belo Horizonte, Brazil. A cikin 1960s, ya taru tare da wasu yara maza a madaidaicin titin Divinópolis da titin Paraisópolis a unguwar Belo Horizonte's Santa Tereza don yin magana, kunna kiɗa, raira waƙa, da magana game da Beatles, MPB, da jazz. A wannan kusurwar akwai wurin zama na Maricota da Salomão Borges da 'ya'yansu 11, wanda Lô shi ne na shida.
## Mutuwa
Borges ya mutu a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba 2025 yana da shekaru 73, bayan ya shafe sama da makonni uku a cikin ICU saboda gubar magani.

## Manazarta
Whitemoney

**Hazel Oyeze Onou**, wanda aka fi sani da **Whitemoney,** mawaƙi ne na Najeriya, marubuci ne kuma mai ba da labari a talabijin. Ya lashe Big Brother Naija kakar wasa ta 6  .

## Rayuwa ta farko
Whitemoney dan asalin Ibo ne daga Jihar Enugu, yankin kudu maso gabashin Najeriya, amma ya girma a Jihar Kaduna, yankin arewacin Najeriya. Yayinda yake girma, Whitemoney bai ci gaba ba bayan matakin NECO a cikin aikinsa na ilimi.

## Ayyuka
Yayinda yake girma a Jihar Kaduna, Whitemoney ya koma Legas don neman damar aiki. Ya shiga cikin kasuwanci daban-daban kamar daukar hoto na kasuwanci, aski, gyaran janareto, da gyaran Hasumiyoyin sadarwa da sauransu. Ya kuma saka hannun jari a shigo da sayar da takalma.

### Ayyukan kiɗa
Whitemoney ya fitar da wasu waƙoƙi, ciki har da "Rosemary" (2018), "Your Life" (2018), da kuma "My Heart" (2021). A ranar 3 ga Disamba 2021 ya fitar da wakar "Selense" wacce Masterkraft ta samar. An saki waƙar tare da bidiyon kiɗa.

### ''Babban Ɗan'uwa Naija''
Whitemoney ya shiga kakar wasa ta shida ta Big Brother Naija a matsayin mai takara na biyar a ranar 24 ga Yuli 2021.

A lokacin wasan karshe na wasan kwaikwayon a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 2021, an ayyana shi a matsayin wanda ya ci kashi 47% na kuri'un karshe a gaban Liquorose tare da kashi 22.99% na jimlar kuri'un da aka jefa kuma ya cancanci samun kyautar kyautar miliyan 90.

A watan Yulin 2023, an sanar da shi a matsayin daya daga cikin abokan gida na kakar wasa ta takwas ta  . A ranar 17 ga Satumba 2023, an kore shi daga wasan kwaikwayon, ya kammala a matsayi na 11 bayan Alex.

## Hotunan fina-finai

### Shirye-shiryen talabijin na gaskiya

## Manazarta
Bob Trumpy

**Robert Theodore Trumpy Jr**. (Maris 6, 1945 - Nuwamba 2, 2025) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne kuma mai watsa shirye-shiryen wasanni. Ya kasance mai tsauri ga Cincinnati Bengals na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Amurka (AFL) da National Football League (NFL) daga 1968 zuwa 1977. Ya kasance dan wasan NFL Pro Bowler sau biyu da AFL All-Star sau biyu.

Trumpy ya buga wasan kwallon kafa na kwaleji don Illinois Fighting Illini da Utah Utes kafin Bengals su zabe shi a zagaye na 12 na daftarin 1968 NFL/AFL. Bayan wasansa na wasa, Trumpy ya shafe shekaru da yawa a matsayin mai nazarin launi na watsa shirye-shirye, yana kiran Super Bowls guda hudu. An ba shi lambar yabo ta Pete Rozelle Radio-Television Award ta Cibiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Pro a cikin 2014.
## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Robert Theodore Trumpy Jr. a ranar 6 ga Maris, 1945, kuma ya girma a Tremont, Illinois. Lokacin da mahaifinsa, Robert Sr. ya sami canjin aiki, danginsa sun ƙaura daga Tremont zuwa Springfield, Illinois. Ya buga wasanni da yawa a makarantar sakandaren Tremont kuma ya tafi makarantar sakandare ta Springfield a matsayin na biyu. Ya kasance duka-jihar a ƙwallon ƙafa da ƙwallon kwando. Ya kasance cikin kungiyar wasan kwallon kwando ta jihar Springfield, kuma shi ne kyaftin din kungiyar a matsayin babba a can, haka kuma ana masa suna All-State.
## Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa
Trumpy ya sauke karatu daga Jami'ar Utah a 1968 tare da digiri na farko a fannin kasuwanci da kudi.[4] Shi da matarsa, Pat,  suna da ’ya’ya maza biyu, Matiyu da Jason.Trumpy ya mutu a gida a yankin Cincinnati na Glendale, Ohio, a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba, 2025, yana da shekara 80.

## Manazarta
Bert Tobin

**Bertrandt Joseph Tobin** (11 ga Nuwamba 1910 - 19 ga Oktoba 1969) ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa wanda ya buga wasan ƙwallaye na farko a Kudancin Australia daga 1930 zuwa 1935.

## Rayuwa da aiki
Dan wani jami'in jirgin kasa, Bert Tobin ya zauna a Adelaide" id="mwEA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="North Adelaide">Arewacin Adelaide. Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Rostrevor a Adelaide daga 1925 zuwa 1928, ya shiga cikin shekaru biyu na ƙarshe. Ya kasance fitaccen memba na ƙungiyar kwallon kafa da ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙasa ta makarantar. Ya lashe gasar zakarun golf ta Kudancin Australia a shekarar 1928.

Mai buga kwallo mai ƙarfi a tsakiya ko ƙananan tsari da kuma mai buɗe kwallo mai saurin matsakaici, Tobin ya tsaya ƙafa shida da inci biyu. Ya fara buga wasan farko na Kudancin Australia a kakar 1930-31 kafin ranar haihuwarsa ta 20. Ya dauki mafi kyawun adadi na farko na 4 don 31 a kan Victoria a cikin Sheffield Shield a watan Nuwamba 1932, lokacin da shi da Tim Wall suka kori Victoria don 92 kuma Kudancin Australia ta lashe ta hanyar wickets uku. Ya sami mafi girman maki na farko na 61 a wasan na gaba, a kan New South Wales.

Duk da kyakkyawan yanayinsa ya kasance abin mamaki lokacin da aka zaba shi a cikin tawagar Australiya don gwajin na huɗu da Ingila daga baya a wannan kakar, saboda nasarorin da ya samu gabaɗaya sun kasance matsakaici: "mai amfani maimakon adadi mai cin nasara a wasan cricket na Kudancin Australiya".[1] Wataƙila ya zaɓi zaɓinsa ne saboda iyawarsa na yin kwallo.[2] A taron an sanya shi Mutum na goma sha biyu kuma ba a sake zabarsa a Australia ba.[3][4]

A lokacin aikinsa na Kudancin Australia Tobin ya yi aiki a cikin shagon wasanni na Adelaide wanda ɗan wasan crick Philip Lee ya mallaka. Ya bar Ostiraliya a 1935 don ya yi wasa a matsayin kwararre ga Rishton a cikin Lancashire League. Ya kasance a Burtaniya, ya auri wata mace mai arziki kuma ya buga wasan kurket a Scotland. Bayan shekaru ashirin a kasashen waje ya koma Ostiraliya, yana horar da wasan kurket a yankin Melbourne na Essendon da Alice Springs.

## Manazarta
Callum Wilkie

**Callum Sebastian Nelmes Wilkie** (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1996) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Australiya wanda ke buga wa St Kilda a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Australiya (AFL). Mai tsaron gida, ya taka leda a Kudancin Kudancin Australia (SANFL) kuma an yi watsi da shi a wasanni hudu na kasa kafin St Kilda ta zaba shi da zabar 3 a cikin Shirin Rookie na 2019.  Wilkie ya fara buga wasan farko na kakar 2019 kuma har yanzu bai rasa wasan AFL na St Kilda ba tun lokacin da ya fara buga wasa, ya buga wasanni 149 a jere ga Saints.

## Farkon aiki
Wilkie ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Walkerville kafin ya shiga Arewacin Adelaide lokacin da yake da shekaru 13. Ya kuma buga wa makarantarsa ta Rostrevor College. Ya wakilci Kudancin Australia a gasar zakarun AFL na kasa da shekaru 18 na 2014 kuma ya halarci shirin da aka yi a jihar, amma ya rasa zaben a cikin shirin. Daga karshe za a yi watsi da shi a cikin rubutun sau hudu.

Ci gaba a Arewacin Adelaide, Wilkie ya zo na biyu a cikin mafi kyawun su na 2017. A shekara ta 2018, ya taka leda a matsayin firaministan SANFL na Arewacin Adelaide - na farko a cikin shekaru 27. Wilkie ya lashe mafi kyawun kulob din kuma ya fi dacewa, kuma ya halarci shirinsa na biyu na jihar.

*AFL.com.au* ya sanya shi cikin 'yan wasa mafi kyau a gaban shirin AFL na 2018, yana lura da iyawarsa ta alama da ingantaccen lafiya.

Wilkie ya yarda cewa "ba 100% ya mai da hankali kan footy ba", [1] yayin da yake daidaita aikinsa na cikakken lokaci yayin da yake wasa da SANFL har zuwa lokacin da ya tsara zuwa tsarkaka. Daga lokacin da ya gabata kafin St Kilda, kwallon kafa ga Wilkie ya kasance "mai farin ciki da abin da yake - ɗan tserewa daga aiki sannan kuma yana jin daɗin wasa tare da matanaka.[1] Kungiyoyi shida sun nuna sha'awar tsara Wilkie a ƙarshen 2018.[2]

## Ayyukan AFL

### Rubuce-rubuce da Lokacin Farko (2019)
St Kilda ce ta zaɓi Wilkie tare da karɓar 3 a cikin Shirin Rookie na 2018. Game da rubuce-rubucensa, Wilkie ya yi magana game da yadda ya bar aikinsa na cikakken lokaci a ranar Jumma'a da yamma kuma yana Melbourne da Lahadi:

## Manazarta
Ian Tuxworth

**Ian Lindsay Tuxworth** (18 Yuni 1942 - 21 Janairu 2020) ɗan siyasan Australiya ne, wanda ya kasance Babban Ministan Yankin Arewa Australiya daga 17 ga Oktoba 1984 har zuwa murabus dinsa a ranar 10 ga Mayu 1986.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Tuxworth a ranar 18 ga Yuni 1942 a Wollongong, New South Wales, ga Lindsay da masanin tarihi Hilda Elsie Tuxworth, kuma ya koma tare da iyalinsa zuwa Tennant Creek a shekara ta 1951. Ya yi karatu a makarantar firamare ta Tennant Creek, da Kwalejin Rostrevor a Adelaide.

Kafin ya shiga siyasa, Tuxworth, wanda aka fi sani da "Slim", ya fara masana'antar abin sha mai laushi a Tennant Creek, wanda ake kira Crystal Waters, tare da mahaifinsa da ɗan'uwansa Robert (Bob), wanda daga baya aka sayar da shi ga Coca-Cola Amatil. Tuxworth ya kuma buga wasan baseball kuma ya kasance memba na kungiyar Kiewaldt ta Arewacin Australia ta 1975.

## memba na Majalisar Dokoki
An zabi Tuxworth a matsayin memba na Jam'iyyar Liberal Party (CLP) don ƙungiyar zaɓe ta Barkly (wanda ya haɗa da Tennant Creek), a Majalisar Dokokin Yankin Arewa a zaben farko a shekara ta 1974. A matsayinsa na wakilin Barkly, Tuxworth ya taimaka wajen sauƙaƙe tallafin gwamnati don gina madatsar ruwan Mary Ann, arewacin garin Tennant Creek.

Bayan murabus din Paul Everingham, an zabi Tuxworth a matsayin Babban Minista a ranar 17 ga Oktoba 1984. A shekara ta 1985, ya yi adawa da sauya mallakar Uluru ga masu mallakarta na gargajiya, mutanen Aṉangu kuma ya kaurace wa bikin mika wuya. Koyaya, shekaru 30 bayan haka, ya yarda da cewa hannun baya ya kasance nasara. Ya yi murabus a matsayin Babban Minista kuma daga CLP a ranar 10 ga Mayu 1986 don kafa jam'iyyar NT Nationals 

A Zaben 1987 an zabi Tuxworth a matsayin memba na NT Nationals na Barkly da kuri'u 19. Kotun da aka yi jayayya ta soke nasararsa bayan nasarar da ta samu daga rasa dan takara mai zaman kanta Maggie Hickey. A ranar 5 ga Satumba 1987, ya lashe zaben, ya sake kayar da Hickey, wanda ke wakiltar Jam'iyyar Labor (ALP). [undefined] Bayan sake rarraba ya juya Barkly zuwa wurin zama na Labor, Tuxworth ya tsaya ba tare da nasara ba don wurin zama na Goyder a Zaben 1990.[1]

Tuxworth ya zama shugaban CLP na farko da bai jagoranci jam'iyyar zuwa zabe ba. Har zuwa lokacin da abokan aikinsa na jam'iyyar CLP suka kori Terry Mills, Tuxworth shine kadai Babban Minista wanda bai taba fuskantar zabe ba.

## Bayan siyasa
Bayan da aka ci shi, Tuxworth ya koma Perth, Yammacin Ostiraliya, inda ya mutu a ranar 21 ga Janairun 2020, yana da shekaru 77. Matarsa Ruth, 'ya'ya Sonia, Guy da Gemma, da jikoki takwas ne suka mutu.

## Manazarta
John mai horar da mutane

John Patrick Trainer (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1943) tsohon dan siyasar Australiya ne.

Kocin ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Rostrevor 1956-1960 a kan tallafin karatu, sannan Jami'ar Adelaide da Kwalejin Malamai ta Adelaide. Ya koyar a makarantar sakandare ta Brighton da makarantar sakandare na Underdale kafin a nada shi a Cibiyar Fasahar Ilimi ta Sashen Ilimi na SA a matsayin Babban Mai Ba da Shawara. Ya yi hamayya da zaben Tarayya na 1974 a matsayin dan takarar Jam'iyyar Labor ta Australiya a cikin kujerar Liberal ta Boothby.

Kocin ya wakilci Labor a kujerun Ascot Park daga 1979 zuwa 1985 da Walsh daga 1985 zuwa 1993 a Majalisar Dokokin Kudancin Australia.[1] Ya yi Aiki a matsayin Kakakin Majalisar Dokokin Kudancin Australia daga 1986 zuwa 1990 ga gwamnatin John Bannon Labor. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da gwamnati daga 1982 zuwa 1985 kuma daga 1989 zuwa 1993.

Trainer ya rasa kujerarsa a nasarar da 'yan Liberals suka samu a zaben jihar na 1993; ya kasance dan takarar Labour na Hanson bayan an soke kujerarsa ta Walsh a cikin sake rarrabawa. Ya yi murabus daga Jam'iyyar Labor ta Australia a 1996 kuma bai yi nasara ba a zaben 1997 a Hanson a matsayin mai zaman kansa.

Trainer ya kasance magajin gari na Birnin West Torrens daga 2000 zuwa 2018. An sake zabarsa ba tare da hamayya ba a zaben majalisa na 2003, 2006, 2010 da 2014. An ba shi lambar yabo ta OAM a shekarar 2015.

## Manazarta