Mary Tempest

**Dame Mary Susan Etherington** (15 ga Yulin 1864 - 15 ga Oktoba 1942), wanda aka fi sani da **Mary Tempest**, mawaƙiya ce kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Ingila.

Tempest ya zama sanannen soprano a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Victorian da Wasan kwaikwayo na Edwardian. Daga baya, ta zama babbar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo kuma ta yi tafiya a ko'ina a Arewacin Amurka da sauran wurare. Ta kasance, a wasu lokuta, manajan gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kanta a lokacin aikin da ya kai shekaru 55. Ta kuma taimaka wajen kafa kungiyar 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ta Equity a Burtaniya.

## Rayuwa da aiki

An haifi Tempest a Landan. Iyayenta sune Edwin Etherington (1838-1880), mai ba da labari, da matarsa, Sarah Mary (née Castle). Tana da 'yar'uwa, Florence Etherington, wacce ta auri manajan gidan wasan kwaikwayo Michael Levenston .  Tempest ta yi karatu a Makarantar Midhurst da kuma gidan ibada na Ursuline a Tildonk, Belgium . Daga baya, ta yi karatun kiɗa a Paris da kuma Royal Academy of Music a London, a matsayin ɗalibar mawaƙa ta Manuel García, mai koyar da Jenny Lind, Mathilde Marchesi da Charles Santley, da sauransu. Ta karɓi sunan ta a matsayin wani ɓangare na sunan Lady Susan Vane-Tempest, wanda ta kira mahaifiyarta.

Tempest ta auri Alfred Edward Izard, farfesa a Kwalejin, a 1885. Wannan auren ya ƙare a cikin saki shekaru hudu bayan haka, kuma an ba Izard lalacewa a cikin yarjejeniyar saki. Tana da ɗa mai suna Norman a cikin 1888,  wanda daga baya za a kira shi a cikin manema labarai a matsayin "Norman Lennox", yana da wani ɓangare na sunan mahaifiyar mijinta na biyu, Cosmo Gordon-Lennox, wanda ta auri shekaru goma bayan haka. 

### Farkon aiki
Tempest ta fara fitowa a shekara ta 1885 a matsayin Fiametta a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Franz Suppé *Boccaccio* a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Comedy a London, inda ta kuma dauki rawar da ta taka a cikin *Herminie* na Edward Jakobowski . Ta yi fice a hankali a Landan na shekaru biyu masu zuwa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Hervé da André Messager, da sauransu. Ta zama sananniya a duniya saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin *Dorothy* ta Alfred Cellier da B. C. Stephenson (1887), wanda ya gudana don yin rikodin rikodin wasanni 931 (ya zama abin bugawa bayan Tempest ya karɓi matsayin daga Marion Hood).  Richard D'Oyly Carte ya yi la'akari da shigar da ita don Kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo amma W. S. Gilbert (bayan ya gan ta a *Dorothy*) ya ba da rahoton cewa ta "yi ihu", kuma an bar tayin.

A shekara ta 1889 Tempest ya kasance dan wasa mai maye gurbin Cellier da *Doris* na Stephenson, wanda aka kawo don ceton wasan kwaikwayo. A shekara ta gaba, a cikin 1890, ta kirkiro rawar Kitty Carol a cikin The *Red Hussar* a London sannan a New York. Daga nan sai ta zagaya Amurka da Kanada na shekara guda tare da Kamfanin J. C. Duff Comic Opera Company a cikin wasan kwaikwayo ciki har da *Carmen*, *Manon*, Mignon,  The Bohemian Girl da The Pirates of Penzance .  Ta koma Broadway na shekaru uku masu zuwa a cikin shirye-shirye da yawa ciki har da The Tyrolean, The Fencing Master na Reginald De Koven da Harry B. Smith, da The Algerian .  A wannan lokacin an dauke ta daya daga cikin 'yan hamayya na Lillian Russell. Wani mai sukar Amurka ya rubuta a shekara ta 1894, "Miss Tempest ta haɗu da muryar murya mai ban mamaki da jin dadi tare da gagarumin sha'awar wata 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mai motsin rai zuwa *Mai Girma* mai yiwuwa fiye da kowane prima donna yanzu a kan matakin magana da Ingilishi".

A shekara ta 1895 George Edwardes ya dawo da ita Landan don ta fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Daly, wanda ya fara da Adele a cikin An Artist's Model, wanda ya gudana sama da wasanni 400. Wannan ya biyo bayan matsayi na lakabi a cikin mafi nasara The Geisha (1896), wanda ya gudana don wasanni 760, A Greek Slave (1898) da kuma wani bugawa na duniya, San Toy (1899). [1] Tempest na iya zama tauraro mai wahala, kuma jayayya da ta yi da Edwardes da wasu abokan aikinta sanannu ne. Daga baya ta ce, "Na kasance ƙaramin kaya mai mahimmanci, wanda manajoji suka fi so fiye da yadda suke so a kwanakin nan".[2] Ta ji cewa Edwardes ya yi tsananin gaske kuma a ƙarshe ya bar San Toy a cikin 1900, wanda aka ruwaito shi ne game da jayayya game da tufafinta.[3]