Muriel Fox

**Muriel Fox** (an haife shi a watan Fabrairu 3, shekara ta 1928) babbar jami'ar hulda da jama'a ce 'yar Amurka kuma mai fafutukar hakkin mata.

## Yarantaka da ilimi
Iyayen Muriel Fox sune Anne Rubenstein Fox da M. Morris Fox. A cikin shekara ta 1980, Muriel ta bada labari (a taron Ranar Uwa don fafutukar Daidaita Haƙƙin Daidaitawa) cewa babban abinda ya ƙarfafa mata gwiwa wajen gwagwarmayar hakkin mata shine rashin jin daɗin mahaifiyarta na zama matar gida. Tana da ɗan’uwa Jerry, wanda ya mutu a shekara ta 1988 yana ɗan shekara 55.

Ta kammala karatu daga Weequahic High School a 1945. 

Ta kammala karatun *summa cum laude* da *Phi Beta Kappa* daga Kwalejin Barnard a 1948, bayan ta koma can daga Kwalejin Rollins.

## Sana'a
Bayan ta sauke karatu daga kwalejin ta yi aiki a matsayin marubuciyar talla ta Sears Roebuck a New York, sannan a matsayin mai tallata Tom Jefferson & Associates a Miami, Florida, inda ta jagoranci yakin neman sake zaben Dade County na Sanata Claude Pepper kuma ta taimaka wajen zaben magajin garin Miami William M. Wolfarth. 

A shekara ta 1950, ta nemi aiki a Carl Byoir & Associates, wacce a lokacin ita ce babbar hukumar hulda da jama'a ta duniya, amma mataimakin shugaban hukumar ya ki amincewa da shi, wanda ya ce, "Ba ma daukar mata marubuta." A cikin wannan shekarar, an ɗauke ta aiki a matsayin mai talla a cikin Carl Byoir & Associates' Rediyo-TV Sashen. A shekara ta 1952, ta kasance shugabar wannan sashe, kuma a 1956 ta zama mataimakiyar shugaban hukumar mafi ƙanƙanta. Daga nan sai aka gaya mata cewa "ta ci gaba gwargwadon yadda za ta iya saboda shugabannin kamfanoni ba za su iya dangantaka da mata ba." Sai a shekarun 1970s ta zama Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar. An bayyana ta a cikin jerin Manyan Matan Kamfanoni 100 na *Mujallar Kasuwanci* a watan Yunin shekara ta 1976 a matsayin "mace mafi girma a cikin dangantakar jama'a." A cikin shekara ta 1985, ta yi ritaya daga hukumar.

Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugabar reshen Byoir ByMedia (koyarwar sadarwa) da ByMart (ƙananan asusu). 

Ta kuma yi aiki a kwamitin Rorer Pharmaceuticals daga shekara ta 1979 zuwa shekara ta 1993, tana shugabantar kwamitin zaɓe, da kuma kwamitin gudanarwa na Kamfanin Inshorar Mutual na Harleysville daga 1976 zuwa 2000, tana shugabantar kwamitin bincikenta. 

## Ƙaunar mata
A cikin shekarun 1965–68, ita da Sanata Maurine Neuberger sun jagoranci tawagar mataimakin Shugaban Kasa Hubert Humphrey akan Bukatun Mata. 

A shekara ta 1966, ta kafa kungiyar mata ta kasa (NOW), kuma ita ce babbar shugabar Betty Friedan kuma darektan ayyuka a farkon shekarunta.    Ta kuma taimaka gyara ainihin Maganar Manufar NOW (1966).   A cikin shekara ta 1967, ta shirya babin New York na NOW, kuma ta kafa kuma ta shirya wasiƙar farko ta ƙasa (1970–1971).  Ita ce shugabar hulda da jama'a na YANZU kuma daga ƙarshe ta zama mataimakiyar shugabar NOW (1967-1970), shugabar hukumarta (1971-1973), kuma shugabar kwamitin ba da shawara ta ƙasa (1973-1974).   A cikin shekara ta 1975, ta shirya taro mai nasara tsakanin jami'an NOW da abokin ciniki na Byoir *Sesame Street*, wanda ya jagoranci shirin kauracewa YANZU yayin da kuma ya haifar da ƙara yawan shigar mata a kan wasan kwaikwayo na TV mai tasiri. 

Allison Wolfe da 'yar uwarta Cindy an haife su tagwaye iri ɗaya a Memphis, Tennessee, ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, shekara ta 1969. Tare da 'yar'uwarsu Molly, sun girma a Olympia, Washington. Iyayensu sun sake aure sa’ad da suke yara ƙanana, kuma mahaifiyarsu, Pat Shively ta rene su. 'Yar mace mai tsattsauran ra'ayi da 'yar madigo mai bayyana kanta,  Shively ta kafa Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Mata ta Eastside ta Olympia a cikin shekara ta 1981.  Ita ce asibitin mata na farko a gundumar Thurston,  kuma a cikin shekaru ashirin na aikin Shively shine makasudin zanga-zangar hana zubar da ciki.  Zanga-zangar na iya zama da ban tsoro: Mahaifiyar Wolfe ta jimre da zagi da zagi, kuma barazanar kisa ta tilasta mata zuwa asibiti dauke da makamai da sanye da rigar harsashi.  (An lalata EWHC a cikin wuta a cikin shekara ta 2005, wanda har yanzu ba a san shi ba ya kafa arsonist.)  Pat Shively ya mutu daga ciwon daji na ovarian a watan Fabrairu, shekara ta 2000,  kuma Wolfe ya ba da ita a matsayin tasiri na rayuwa, samfurin mata na mata "kusan ya yi girma don rayuwa har zuwa." Ta kasance co-kafa a 1974, da kuma na biyu shugaba a 1976-78, na Women's Forum of New York, wata kungiya ta fitattun mata da manufar da aka bayyana a farko shi ne don "hada mata masu nasara daban-daban da kuma samar musu da dandalin musayar ra'ayi da kwarewa. al'umma."  

Tun daga shekara ta 1993, ta jagoranci kwamitin tsoffin 'yan mata na Amurka; a gare su ta shirya tare da jagorantar tarurruka irin su gaisuwa ga marubutan mata da kuma gaisuwarsu ga masu fasaha na mata.  

Ta kasance Babban Edita na littafin *Feminists Who Changed America* (2006). 

Ta tara miliyoyin daloli don dalilai na mata. 

Ta yi lacca a duk faɗin duniya kan batun mata da kuma "Motsa Mata Sama Matsayin Ƙungiya," da sauran batutuwa.     A cikin jawabai sau da yawa ta bukaci matan da suka yi nasara su yi watsi da tsohuwar matsayinsu ta "Sarauniya Bee" a duniyar namiji.  Maganar da ta fi yawan magana ita ce kira da ta yi kira ga matan da suka yi nasara su ce, "Eh, ni mai son mata ne." 

A cikin shekaru 94 ta rubuta *Juyin Juyin Mata: Yadda Muka Canza Rayuwarku*, wanda New Village Press ya buga, Yuni 18, 2024. 

## Ganewa
A cikin shekara ta 1977, ta sami lambar yabo ta Matrix daga Matan New York a cikin Sadarwa.  A shekara ta 1979, ita ce mace ta farko da ta samu lambar yabo ta shugabar kasuwanci ta shekara, kuma a shekara ta 1983, ta samu lambar yabo ta Nasara daga kungiyar ‘Alliance for Women in Media’, wacce a lokacin ake kiranta da matan Amurka a gidan rediyo da talabijin. 

A cikin shekara ta 1985, ta sami lambar yabo ta Alumna Award daga Kwalejin Barnard. Ta kuma zama farkon mai karɓar lambar yabo ta Eleanor Roosevelt ta Jihar New York NOW. 

A cikin shekara ta 1991, Asusun Tsaro da Ilimi na NOW ya ƙirƙiri lambar yabo ta Muriel Fox Award don Jagorancin Sadarwa ga Adalci Society, wanda kuma ake kira "Foxy"; Muriel Fox shine farkon mai karɓa.  A cikin 1996, Asusun ya ba ta lambar yabo ta "Gwarzonmu" "Don Tsawon Rayuwar Rayuwa ga Dalili na Daidaiton Mata." 

A cikin shekara ta 1997, ta sami lambar yabo ta Caroline Lexow Babcock daga Rockland County NOW. A cikin shekara ta 2008, ta sami lambar yabo ta Jama'a Mai Girma daga Tsarin Iyali na County Rockland, Kyautar Mace ta Cimma Kyauta daga Wings Club, da Mace ga Kyautar Mata daga Jihar New York NOW.   A cikin shekara ta 2016, ta lashe kyautar NOW's Woman of Vision Award. 

A ranar 21 ga Oktoba,shekara ta 2014 Gloria Steinem ta ba ta lambar yabo ta Nasarar Rayuwa ta Veteran Feminists of America a cikin wani abincin rana a Harvard Club a Midtown Manhattan, wanda ke nuna bayyanuwa ta mata Eve Ensler, Rosie O'Donnell, Marlo Thomas da Carol Jenkins . 

An nuna Fox a cikin fim ɗin tarihin mata *ta Kyakkyawar Lokacin da Tayi Fushi* (2014).   

A cikin shekara ta 2017, an shigar da ita cikin Zauren Fame na PRWeek.  A cikin shekara ta 2018, an shigar da ita cikin Babban Taron Shugabannin Mata na Rockland.  A cikin shekara ta 2019, ta sami lambar yabo ta Elly daga Dandalin Mata na New York. 

A cikin shekara ta 2024, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Lifetime Champion Honoree ta hanyar Legal Momentum, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin shugaba, mataimakin shugaban kasa, da kuma shugaban hukumar gudanarwar. 

A watan Mayu 2024, ta sami lambar yabo ta Clara Lemlich ; Kyautar Clara Lemlich "girmama matan da suka yi aiki don ci gaban rayuwarsu gaba ɗaya, a cikin al'adar waɗanda suka haifar da sauye-sauye da yawa bayan gobarar masana'antar Triangle Shirtwaist fiye da shekaru ɗari da suka gabata". 

An jera ta a cikin *Wanene Wane A Amurka,*  *Wanene Wanene A Duniya,* *Manyan Mata na ƙarni na Ashirin,* *Wanene Na Matan Amurkawa,* da *Matan Mata waɗanda suka Canja Amurka,* na ƙarshe wanda Barbara Love ta shirya. 

"Takardu na NOW jami'in Muriel Fox, 1966-1971" yana cikin ɗakin karatu na Arthur da Elizabeth Schlesinger akan Tarihin Mata a Amurka, Cibiyar Radcliffe don Advanced Study, Jami'ar Harvard . 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Ta auri Dr. Shepard G. Aronson a 1955. 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Muriel Fox hira a makers.com
* Takardun jami'an NOW, 1966-1971. Makarantar Schlesinger, Cibiyar Radcliffe, Jami'ar Harvard.