open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Bertha Badt-Strauss

**Bertha Badt-Strauss** (7 Disamba shekara ta 1885 - 20 Fabrairu watan 1970) marubuciyar  Bajamusheya ce kuma Sihiyoniya . Ta yi rubuce-rubuce don wallafe-wallafen Yahudawa da yawa a Berlin da Amurka, kuma ta gyara da fassara ayyukan wasu marubuta da yawa.

## Tarihin Rayuwarta
An haifi Bertha Badt a cikin shekara ta 1885 a Breslau ga Benno Badt, masaniyar ilimin falsafa, da Martha (née Guttman), malami. Tayi karatun wallafe-wallafe da falsafa a Breslau, Berlin da Munich, kuma tare da rubutunta akan Annette von Droste-Hülshoff, ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko a Prussia don samun digiri na digiri.  Ta zauna a Berlin tare da mijinta , malamar, daga shekara ta 1913, kuma an haifi ɗansu Albrecht a shekara ta 1921. Bada daɗewa ba bayan haihuwar Albrecht, Bertha ta kamu da cutar sclerosis . 

Badt-Strauss yar sahyoniya ne kuma memba mai himma acikin al'ummar Yahudawa a Berlin. Ta rubuta labarai da jaridu daban-daban na Yahudawa, ciki har da *Jüdische Rundschau*, *Der Jude*, *Israelitische Familienblatt*, *Blätter des Jüdischen Frauenbundes* da *Der Morgen*, kuma tabada gudummawa ga encyclopedias na Yahudawa guda biyu, *Encyclopaedia Judaica* da ** . . Har ila yau, ta kasance babban edita da fassarar ayyukan wasu marubuta, ciki har da Droste-Hülshoff, Achim von Arnim, Moses Mendelssohn, Fanny Lewald, Hermann Cohen, Rahel Varnhagen, Heinrich Heine, Süßkind von Trimberg, Profiat Duran da Leon .  Ta rubuta tarihin marubucin Jamus Elise Reimarus wanda ba a buga ba har tsawon littafi. 

Badt-Strauss tayi hijira daga Jamus na Nazi zuwa Amurka a shekara ta 1939. Ta zauna a Shreveport, Louisiana, inda mijinta farfesa ne a Kwalejin Centenary na Louisiana . Ta buga tarihin Sihiyona Jessie Sampter mai suna *White Fire: Rayuwa da Ayyukan Jessie Sampter*, kuma ta cigaba da rubutawa ga wallafe-wallafen Yahudawa da yawa na Amurka: *Aufbau*, *Hanyar Yahudawa*, *Jaridar Menorah*, *Mai Reconstructionist*, *The National Bayahude. Wata-wata*, *Hadassah Newsletter* and *Women's League Outlook* . Ta mutu acikin shekara ta 1970 a Chapel Hill, North Carolina . 

## Nassoshi
Bernice Coppieters

**Bernice Coppieters** (An Haife shi 18 Nuwamba 1970)ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Belgium mai ritaya.Ta yi rawa a matsayin *étoile* a Les Ballets de Monte Carlo kuma ta kasance mai haɗin gwiwa na dogon lokaci na Jean-Christophe Maillot. Yanzu ita ce babbar mashawarcin ballet a kamfanin kuma ta shirya ayyukan Maillot a duk duniya.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife shi a Dendermonde, Belgium,Coppieters sun fara horo a Cibiyar Ballet ta Antwerp a 1980.Ta shiga Royal Ballet na Flanders,inda ta zama soloist.Ta shiga Ballets de Monte-Carlo a cikin 1991,kuma ta fara haɗin gwiwa tare da Jean-Christophe Maillot,wanda ya kasance kusan shekaru 30.An nada ta *étoile* na kamfanin ta Caroline,Gimbiya Hanover a 1995.Coppieters sun zama babban mashawarcin ballet a cikin 2015.Ta shirya ayyukan Maillot a Sweden,Jamus, Austria,Koriya taKudu,Amurka,jamhuriyar Czech da Belgium.
Isabel Cooper (mai fasaha)

**Isabel Cooper Mahaffie** (Agusta 22, 1892 - 1984) yar wasan kwaikwayo Ba'amurke ce da aka sani da aikinta na nuna dabbobi. Ita ma'aikaciyar fasaha ce ta Ƙungiyar Zoological ta New York wacce ta shiga balaguron bincike da yawa.

## Tarihin Rayuwa.
An haifi Cooper a ranar 22, ga Agusta,1892,a Tacoma,Washington. Ta tafi Kwalejin Bryn Mawr daga 1909, har zuwa 1910kuma a can ta buga wasanni da yawa,gami da hockey,kwando,da polo na ruwa.Daga nan Cooper ya karanci fasaha a Kwalejin Barnard da Jami'ar Columbia daga 1910,zuwa 1912.Daga 1912, har zuwa 1915, ta yi karatu a Arts Student League,makarantar fasaha a birnin New York da aka kafa a 1875,sannan tana da azuzuwan masu zaman kansu tare da Alon Bement daga 1913, har zuwa 1917.Bayan ta sauke karatu daga Columbia ta yi aiki a ayyuka da yawa ciki har da koyar da fasaha da kimiyya a makarantun birnin New York,:210,  kayan ado na ciki, ƙirar gidan wasan kwaikwayo, da yin kilishi. Ta sadu daWilliam Beebe,shugaban Sashen Bincike na wurare masu zafi a New York Zoological Society,kuma ya dauke ta aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar fasaha da ke rikodin dabbobin da aka samu a balaguron kimiyya, aikin da ta yi daga 1917, har zuwa 1925.

Cooper ya auri lauya Charles Delahunt Mahaffie a ranar 25, ga Agusta,1928,kuma suna da ɗa,Charles D.Mahaffie Jr. 

Ta mutu a Bethesda,Maryland a cikin 1984.
Sufuri a Equatorial Guinea

Wannan muƙala ta jera **[[sufuri]] a [[Gini Ikwatoriya|Equatorial Guinea]]**.

## Layin dogo
A halin yanzu babu layin dogo a Equatorial Guinea. 

## Taswirori

* http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/7C43B0E43BE341668525711C0063A7F9/$File/govfr_REF_gnq210206.pdf?OpenElement

## Manyan hanyoyi
Akwai 2,880&nbsp;km (1,790&nbsp;mi) na manyan tituna a cikin Equatorial Guinea, yawancin waɗanda ba a yi su a shekara ta 2002 ba. Hanyoyin da manyan hanyoyin Equatorial Guinea ba su da haɓaka, amma suna inganta. A lokacin damina, galibi ba za a iya wucewa ta tituna ba tare da ababan hawa. 

Bugu da ƙari kuma, ƙasar ta kasance kwanan nan ta gina titin mota mai tsawon kilomita 175 tsakanin Bata da filin jirgin saman shugaban kasa Obiang Nguema, kuma ana sa ran nan ba da jimawa ba zai isa birnin Mongomo da ke kan iyaka da Gabon.

## Merchant marine
A shekara ta 2005, ƙasar tana da jirgin kasuwanci guda ɗaya na sama da 1,000 GT a cikin sabis; Jirgin ruwan kaya 6,556 GT.

## filayen jiragen sama
Akwai filayen jirgin sama guda bakwai a Equatorial Guinea.  Babban filin jirgin samanta shine Filin jirgin sama na Malabo a Punta Europa, Tsibirin Bioko. Jiragen sama na duniya suna aiki daga:

* Madrid (Spain): Ceiba Intercontinental (jirgin sama 4 a mako)
* Paris (Faransa): Air France (jirage 3 a mako)
* Frankfurt (Jamus): Lufthansa (jirgi 3 a mako)
* Casablanca (Marroco): Royal Air Marroc (jirage 2 a mako)
* Istanbul (Turkiyya): Turkish Airlines (jigi 1 a mako)
* Cotonou (Benin): Jirgin saman Cronos (jigilar jiragen sama 2 a mako)
* Abidjan (Ivory Coast): Ceiba Intercontinental (jirage 3 a mako)
* Accra (Ghana): Ceiba Intercontinental (jirage 3 a mako);
* Sao Tome (Sao Tome y Principe): Ceiba Intercontinental (jirgin sama 3 a mako);
* Douala (Cameroon) Ethiopian Airline (jirage 3 a mako); Cronos Airlines (jirgin sama 3 a mako)
* Libreville (Gabon): Royal Air Marrocc (jirgi 2 a mako)
* Port Harcourt (Nigeria): Cronos Airlines (jigi 2 a mako)
* Addis Ababa (Ethiopia): Jirgin saman Habasha (jigilar jiragen sama 3 a kowane mako)

Daga filin jirgin saman Malabo, zaku iya tashi zuwa kowane filin jirgin saman kasar. Waɗannan filayen jirgin saman suna cikin yankin Annobón, Bata, Mongomoyen, da Corisco. 

## Duba kuma

* Tattalin Arzikin Equatorial Guinea
* Equatorial Guinea
* Jerin filayen jiragen sama a Equatorial Guinea

## Manazarta
Sufuri a Eritrea

**Sufuri a Eritrea** sun haɗa da manyan tituna, filayen jirgin sama da tashar jiragen ruwa, ban da nau'ikan motocin jama'a da na masu zaman kansu, sufuri na ruwa da na iska.

## Layin dogo

Kamar yadda na 1999, akwai jimlar kilomita 317 na 950 mm (3 ft 1 3 ⁄ 8 in) ( narrow gauge )

layin dogo a Eritrea. Hanyar jirgin kasa ta hade Agordat da Asmara tare da tashar jiragen ruwa na Massawa; duk da haka, ba ta aiki tun a shekarar 1978 sai dai kusan nisan kilomita 5 da aka sake buɗewa a Massawa a shekarar 1994. An sake gyara saura da na rolling a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A shekara ta 2003, an dawo da layin daga Massawa har zuwa Asmara.

Babu hanyoyin layin dogo a kusa da kasashen makwabta.

## Manyan hanyoyi

Ana kiran tsarin babbar hanyar Eritrea bisa ga rabe-raben hanyoyin. Matakan rarrabuwa guda uku sune: firamare (P), sakandare (S), da na uku (T). Hanya mafi ƙasƙanta mai girma ce kuma tana biyan bukatun gida. Yawanci su ne ingantattun hanyoyin ƙasa waɗanda lokaci-lokaci ake shimfida su. A lokacin damina waɗannan hanyoyin galibi suna zama marasa wucewa. Hanya mafi girma ta gaba ita ce titin sakandare kuma yawanci ita ce titin kwalta mai rufi guda ɗaya wacce ta haɗu da manyan gundumomi tare da waɗanda suke zuwa manyan yankuna. Hanyoyin da ake la'akari da hanyoyin farko sune waɗanda ke da cikakkiyar kwalta (a tsawon tsayinsu) kuma gabaɗaya suna ɗaukar zirga-zirga tsakanin dukkan manyan garuruwan Eritrea.

Total*:* 4,010&nbsp;kmPaved*:* 874&nbsp;km 

Unpaved*:* 3,136&nbsp;km (1996 da.)

## Tashoshin ruwa da tashar jiragen ruwa

### Bahar Maliya

* Asabe (Asab)
* Massawa (Mits'iwa)

## Merchant marine
*jimlar:* jiragen ruwa 5 (tare da volume 1,000 babban ton (GT) ko sama da haka) jimlar 16,069 GT / 19,549 Mataccen nauyi  *jiragen ruwa ta nau'in:* babban mai ɗaukar kaya 1, jigilar kaya 1, iskar gas 1, tankar mai 1, jigilar kaya 1 (1999 est.)

## filayen jiragen sama
Akwai filayen jirgin saman kasa da kasa guda uku, daya a babban birnin kasar, Filin jirgin saman kasa da kasa na Asmara, da sauran biyun a garuruwan bakin teku, Massawa ( Filin jirgin saman Massawa na kasa da kasa ) da Assab ( Filin jirgin saman Kasa da Kasa na Assab ). Filin jirgin saman Asmara ya karbi dukkan jirage na kasa da kasa zuwa cikin kasar tun daga watan Maris na 2007, tare da kasancewa babban filin jirgin saman na cikin gida.

21 (1999) )

### Filayen jiragen sama tare da shimfidar titin jirgin sama

### Filayen jiragen sama  tare da titin jirgin da ba a buɗe ba
*duka:* 18 *fiye da 3,047 m:* 2 *2,438 zuwa 3,047 m:* 2*1,524 zuwa 2,437 m:* 6*914 zuwa 1,523 m:* 6*karkashin 914 m:* 2 (1999 est)

## Cableway
Titin Cable na Asmara-Massawa, wanda Italiya ta gina a shekara ta 1930s, ya haɗa tashar  Massawa da birnin Asmara. Daga baya turawan ingila sun wargaza ta a lokacin mamayar da suka yi na shekaru goma sha daya bayan da suka ci Italiya a yakin duniya na biyu.

## Manazarta
Jacobs Edo

**Jacobs Edo** Shi ne mai kula da tsarin  asusun OPEC don ci gaban ƙasa da ƙasa tun a shekarar 2010.   Ya shahara saboda aikinsa a cikin tsarin gine-ginen kasuwanci, gami da ƙira, aiwatarwa, haɓakawa, haɓakawa da bada tallafi sama da shekaru goma.  

## Ilimi
Jacobs ya fara karatunsa ne daga kwalejin Edo da ke birnin Benin a shekarar 1990 kuma ya sami digirin digirgir a fannin injiniyan lantarki daga jami'ar Najeriya da ke Nsukka a shekarar 1998. Daga baya ya kammala Shell Intensive Training Program (SITP) a Warri ya samu takardar shaidar digiri na musamman a Fasahar Watsa Labarai ta Jami'ar Robert Gordon, Aberdeen. Tare da fasahohin SAP masu yawa da sauran mahimman takaddun shaida na duniya a cikin jakar, Jacobs ya ci gaba da karɓar a cikin 2014 Takaddar Gudanar da Canjin Kasuwanci ta Duniya (GTBM) Takaddun shaida ta SAP da Jami'ar Aiwatar da Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Cibiyar Canjin Kasuwanci ta Switzerland. A shekarar 2015, ya kammala digirinsa na biyu a fannin Sadarwa da Fasahar Intanet daga Jami’ar Fasaha ta Kimiyyar Fasaha ta Vienna. Jacobs yana da aure da ’ya’ya uku.     

## Sana'a
Jacobs Edo shi ne marubucin littafin "Canjin Dijital: Haɓaka Ma'aikatar Jama'a ta Najeriya ta dijital", shi ne wanda ya kafa DigTrans na Austrian, Co-Chair, Ƙungiyar SAP na Musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ƙungiyar Chief information Officers  (CIO) a cikin kungiyoyi na duniya ciki har da Bankin Duniya, shugaban Vienna Digital Transformation Meetup da Dean, Vienna School of AI.   

A matsayinsa na Babban Mai Ba da Shawarar Canji na Dijital mai sa kai a Cibiyar Stanford for Innovation a Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki (Stanford SEED), yana goyan bayan hangen nesa na kawo ikon kirkire-kirkire, kasuwanci, da jagoranci ga kafa kamfanoni a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara da shugabanninsu a kasa. da al'ummarsu. 

Jacobs ya shiga cikin fiye da aiwatar da SAP na 18 kuma ya kammala aiwatar da cikakken tsarin rayuwa na 4. An aiwatar da waɗannan aiwatarwa a duk faɗin mai da iskar gas, tuntuɓar, banki, sassan jama'a, da masana'antar NPO. Jacobs yana da fahimtar ƙididdigar girgije, SDB, da NFV kuma an ƙaddamar da shi don rage yawan kuɗin da abokan ciniki ke da su da kuma inganta dawowa kan zuba jari.     

## Dalilai
Jacobs ya kasance mataimakin shugaban  na biyu na Pengassan- NNPC/NAPIMS. Ya goyi bayan Kwalejin Edo kuma ya ba da jawabi mai ƙarfafawa ga ɗalibai a cikin watan Maris 2014. An bayar da rahoton cewa Jacobs ya kasance mai goyon bayan ilimi, muhalli, bala'i da agajin jin kai, kawar da talauci, da kimiyya da fasaha. 

## Wallafawa

* Digital Transformation - Evolving a digitally enabled Nigerian Public Service.  
* Helping the hand that feeds Edo, Jacob (2008). "Helping the hand that feeds" (PDF). IBS Journal: 11. Retrieved October 22, 2018.

## Manazarta
Agbonayinma Ehiozuwa

**Agbonayinma Ehiozuwa** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1961) ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne kuma mawaƙi kuma tsohon ɗan majalisar wakilai na Najeriya kuma ɗan kasuwa ne. 

## Ƙuruciya da ilimi
A shekarar 1978 Ehiozuwa ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Agbado kafin ya wuce makarantar sakandare ta Airwele a shekarar 1983. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa a fannin harkokin tsaro da leken asiri a jami'ar Houston, Texas. 

## Nassoshi
Ayiri Emami

**Ayiri Emami,** (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga watan, Afrilun shekarar ta 1975) ɗan kasuwane a  Najeriya ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma mai taimakon jama'a wanda, shine shugaba kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa na rukunin A & E, kamfani mai saka hannun jari a harkar mai da iskar gas, gine-gine, jigilar kaya, nishaɗi da masana'antar baƙi. 

Olu (sarki) na masarautar Warri, Olu Atuwatse II ne ya ba shi mukami na farko. Lokacin da magajinsa Ogiame Ikenwoli ya hau karagar mulki, ya ba Ayiri Emami sarautar Ologbotsere (firayim minista) na masarautar Warri.  Majalisar Ginuwa 1 ta dakatar da shi a matsayin Ologbotsere a ranar 30 ga watan Maris 2021,  da kuma ranar 5 ga watan Oktoba 2021, Olu Ogiame Atuwatse III ya tuna da hakkinsa na laƙabi Ologbotsere. 

Emami ya karanci kimiyyar siyasa a jami'ar jihar Delta Abraka. Ya kasance daya daga cikin matasan da suka kafa jam'iyyar PDP a Warri, jihar Delta, kuma shi ne shugaban jam'iyyar a karamar hukumar Warri ta Kudu maso Yamma. Ya fice daga jam’iyyar ya koma jam’iyyar All Progressives Congress (APC) mai mulki a jihar Delta a watan Afrilun 2015,  ya zama daya daga cikin shugabannin jam’iyyar a jihar.

Ya yi aiki a kwamitin gudanarwa na Kamfanin gine-gine na Najeriya Cat Construction, kuma ya kasance shugaban kwamitin tsaro na hanyoyin ruwa na jihar Delta, wanda gwamnatin jihar ta kafa domin rage satar mutane da fashi da makami a yankin Neja Delta.

A matsayinsa na mai ba da agaji, ya taimaka wa ɗalibai su ba da kuɗin karatunsu na ilimi, kuma ya taimaka wa ƴan yankinsa kuɗaɗen samar da ƙananan sana'o'i. 

A shekarar 2009, ya auri Asba Jite Emami. Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu. 

## Manazarta
Anthony Nted Emmanuel

**Anthony Nted Emmanuel:** Wanda kuma aka fi sani da **Comrade Tony Nted** (An haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoba 1960) ɗan tarayyar Najeriya ne kuma ɗan masana'anta (industrialist). Ya kasance shugaban kungiyar ma’aikatan ruwa ta Najeriya a shekarar 2009.   A baya ya taba zama mataimakin shugaban kungiyar kwadago ta Najeriya A lokacin da yake jagorancin kungiyar ma’aikatan ruwa ta kasa (MWUN), ya yi fice wajen tsaftace dabo a bangaren ruwan Najeriya. 

Comrade Emmanuel Tony Nte hamshakin dan kasuwa ne kuma ana masa kallon daya daga cikin attajirai a jihar Ribas. Ya fito ne daga Garin Agwut-Obolo a karamar hukumar Andoni. 

## Manazarta
Julie Braun-Vogelstein

**Julie Braun-Vogelstein** (shekara ta 1883 – shekara ta 1971) ƴar asalin ƙasar Jamus ce ƴar tarihin fasaha, marubuciya, edita, kuma yar jarida.    

## Tarihin Rayuwarta
An haife ta a Stettin a Jamus (yanzu Szczecin, Poland). Julie Vogelstein 'yar rabbi ce Heinemann Vogelstein kuma 'yar'uwar rabbi :de: Hermann Vogelstein, da masana'antu Ludwig Vogelstein da :de: Theodor Vogelstein . Ta karanci tarihin fasaha da ilimin da kimiyya a Jami'ar Munich da Jami'ar Berlin .  Ashekara ta 1919 ta sami digirinta na uku daga Jami'ar Heidelberg .  A shekara ta 1935 tabar kasar Jamus zuwa Faransa daga baya Amurka. A shekara ta 1936 tatafi California, kuma ta zauna a Karmel daga lokaci zuwa lokaci bayan haka.  Ta kasance memba na hukumar Leo Baeck Institute . 

Itace sakatariyar Heinrich Braun a shekara ta (1854-1927), kuma ta zama matarsa ta biyu bayan mutuwar matarsa Lily Braun (1865-1916).Itace kuma editan *Ayyukan Tattara* Lily Braun. 

Ta rubuta kuma ta gyara littattafai da yawa; misali ta rubuta *Art: The Image of West* shekara ta (1952) kuma tabuga *The Diary of Otto Braun shekara ta* (1924).   Otto Braun shi ne angonta, wanda ta mutu a yakin duniya na daya . 

Mijinta ya rasu a shekara ta 1927; basu da 'ya'ya.  Braun-Vogelstein ta mutu abirnin New York.   An gudanar da ayyuka a Riverside Memorial Chapel . 

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Jagora zuwa Tarin Julie Braun-Vogelstein,a shekara ta 1743-1971, Cibiyar Leo Baeck
* Littattafan da Julie Braun-Vogelsteinta tsara, da  game da Julie Braun-Vogelstein acikin kasidar Laburaren Ƙasa ta Jamus (a cikin Jamusanci)
Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi

**Ahmed Raza Khan**, wanda aka fi sani da **Aala Hazrat, Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi**, ko **Ahmed Rida Khan** da Larabci, (14 Yuni 1856 CE ko 10 Shawwal 1272 AH - Oktoba 1921 CE ko Safar 1340 AH), malamin Musulunci ne, fikihu, mufti. , Falsafa, Masanin Tauhidi, Ascetic, Sufi, Mawaki, kuma Mujaddadi a Birtaniya Indiya.

Ya yi rubuce-rubuce kan shari’a, addini, falsafa da ilimomi, kuma saboda ya kware darussa da dama a cikin ilimin hankali da na addini, Francis Robinson, daya daga cikin manyan malaman yammacin Islama na kudancin Asiya, ya dauke shi a matsayin polymath.

Ya kasance mai kawo sauyi a arewacin Indiya wanda ya yi rubuce-rubuce masu yawa don kare Muhammad da kuma shahararriyar ayyukan Sufaye kuma ya zama jagoran wata kungiya mai suna "Ahl-i Sunnat wa Jamaat". Ya rinjayi miliyoyin mutane, kuma a yau ƙungiyar Barelvi tana da kusan miliyan 200 a yankin.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Khan a ranar 14 ga Yuni 1856 a Mohallah Jasoli, Bareilly, Lardunan Arewa maso Yamma. Sunan da ya yi daidai da shekarar da aka haife shi shi ne "Al Mukhtaar". Sunan haihuwarsa Muhammad[8]. Khan ya yi amfani da roƙon "Abdul Mustafa" ("bawan zaɓaɓɓen") kafin ya sanya hannu kan sunansa a cikin wasiƙa.
## Manazarta
Arnold Ekpe

**Arnold Onyekwere Ekpe** (an haife shi a watan Agusta 1953) ma'aikacin banki ne na Najeriya kuma ɗan kasuwa wanda ya kasance shugaban ƙungiyar Ecobank, babban bankin Afirka da ke aiki daga Togo zuwa Najeriya zuwa DRC daga 2005 zuwa 2012. 

## Ƙuruciya
An haifi Ekpe a Najeriya, kuma ya zauna a kasar Kamaru. 

Ya kammala karatu daga King's College, Legas a shekarar 1972,  ya sami digiri na farko a fannin injiniyan injiniya a Jami'ar Manchester, sannan ya sami MBA daga Makarantar Kasuwancin Manchester.  

## Aiki
Ekpe ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban rukunin Ecobank daga shekarun 1996 zuwa 2001, da shekarun 2005 zuwa 2012., ya lura da fadada bankin a fadin Afirka kuma ya jagoranci kamfanin ta hanyar Babban koma bayan tattalin arziki .

Kafin ya shiga Ecobank, ya kasance mataimakin shugaban cibiyar hada-hadar kudi ta Yamma/Afirka ta Kudu a Citibank.  Daga shekarun 2002 zuwa 2003 ya kasance shugaban rukunin bankin United Bank for Africa (UbA), kuma daga shekarun 2003 zuwa 2005 ya kasance abokin tarayya da African Capital Alliance, wani kamfani mai zaman kansa.

Ya kasance shugaban girmamawa na Majalisar Kasuwanci na Afirka, shugaban Safire Luxembourg, kuma shugaban a Atlas Mara, kamfanin sarrafa zuba jari wanda tsohon Shugaba na Barclays, Bob Diamond ya kafa, tsakanin watan Disamba 2013 da Disamba 2016. 

Yanzu shi ne babban mai ba da shawara ga rukunin Dangote da Equator Capital Partners (US). Shi ne  Cred France,  darekta mai zartarwa na Crown Agents Bank (UK), Crown Agents Investment Management Ltd (UK), AVMS India, da Dangote Flour Mills Ltd. Shi ne mai kula da hangen nesa ga al'umma, agaji na duniya, kuma yana tallafawa bincike a Jami'ar Manchester, almater.

## Manazarta
Eno Essien

**Eno Essien** 'yar kasuwa ce ta fasaha ta Najeriya kuma Babbar Jami'in Gudanarwa a Rheytrak Limited, Kamfanin Vehicle Tracking and Recovery, wanda ta fara a shekarar 2007.  A shekarar 2012, an zaɓe ta a matsayin ƴar kasuwa na Future awards  (Fasaha)   kuma ita ce shugaba mace tilo a cikin Masana'antar Vehicle Tracking a Najeriya.  

## Manazarta
Masarautar Diriya

**Masarautar Diriya** wadda kuma aka fi sani da **kasar Saudiyya ta farko,**  an kafa ta a watan Fabrairu shekara ta alif dari bakwai da ashirin da bakwai 1727 (1139 AH ). was established in February 1727 (1139 AH).   A farkon shekarar 1744, sarkin wani garin Najdi da ake kira Diriyah, Muhammad bin Saud, da Sarkin Musulmi na yankin  Muhammad bn Abd al-Wahhab sun kulla kawance don kafa wata kungiyar kawo sauyi ta zamantakewa da addini domin hada kan da dama daga cikin jihohin Larabawa. 

## Kafuwar farko
Gidan Saudat da na kusa da ita sun tashi da sauri suka zama mafi rinjaye a Larabawa ta hanyar cin nasara a Najd da farko, sannan kuma sun fadada tasirinsu akan gabar tekun gabas daga kasar Kuwait har zuwa kan iyakar kasar Oman . Bayan haka kuma sojojin Saudiyya sun kawo tsaunukan Asir a karkashin jagorancinsu, yayin da Muhammad bn Abd Al Wahhab ya rubuta wa mutane da malamai wasiku don shiga fagen yaqi wato jihadi . Bayan yakin soja da yawa, Muhammad bin Saud ya rasu a shekarar ta 1765, ya bar jagoranci ga dansa, Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad. Dakarun Saudiyya sun yi nisa har suka samu jagorancin birnin Karbala mai tsarki na Shi'a a shekarar 1801. A nan ne suka rusa wurin ibadar waliyyai da abubuwan tarihi tare da kashe fararen hula sama da dubu biyar 5000.  A matsayin ramuwar gayya, wani matashi dan Shi'a ya kashe Abdulaziz a shekarar 1803, bayan ya bi shi zuwa Najd.

## Rushewar mulki
Daular Usmaniyya ta bai wa mataimakin sarkin Masar Muhammad Ali Pasha aiki na raunana karfin gidan Saudiyya. Wannan ya fara yakin Ottoman-Saudi, inda Muhammad Ali ya aika da sojojinsa zuwa yankin Hejaz ta hanyar ruwa. Ɗansa, Ibrahim Pasha, sannan ya jagoranci dakarun Ottoman zuwa tsakiyar Nejd, inda suka mamaye gari bayan gari. Magajin Saudat, dansa Abdullah bin Saud, ya kasa hana sake kwace yankin.

## Manazarta
Ezego

**Victor Nnamdi Okafor Ezego**  (25 Disamba 1964 – 25 Disamba 1999) wanda aka fi sani da sarautarsa **Ezego**  wanda ke nufin "King Of Money" a turance*,* ya kasance hamshakin dan kasuwa ne dan Najeriya wanda aka ruwaito ya tsunduma cikin harkokin diabolical  domin ya tara dukiya.  Ezego ya mutu a ranar 25 ga watan Disamba 1999 yana da shekaru 35 a cikin wani yanayi mai ban mamaki. 

## Ƙuruciya da ilimi
An haifi Ezego a ranar 25 ga watan Disamba a shekarar 1964.  Dan asalin Ihiala ne a jihar Anambra. Ezego ya halarci makarantar aji kawai kuma zai  iya watsi da ilimi gaba daya. Ya shiga kungiyar ‘yan fashi da makami da ta addabi al’ummar jihar Anambra tsawon shekaru. A shekarar 1988, an kama kowane dan kungiyar ‘yan fashi da makami in ban da Ezego, ya gagara kama shi da dama kuma a shekarar 1989 ya koma jihar Legas domin yin kasuwanci.  

## Tushen arziki
Asalin arzikin Ezego ya kasance abin tambaya yayin da ya tara dukiyarsa bayan wani ɗan gajeren zama da hikima Ogbonna jihar Legas ya yi.

## salon rayuwa
Ezego ya jagoranci salon rayuwa mai kayatarwa tun yana raye. Yana da sarƙoƙin kasuwanci, manyan gidaje, tarin motoci masu tsada da yawa kuma koyaushe yana tafiya da ayari. Dukansu sun zama marasa amfani bayan mutuwarsa, duk motocinsa sun yi tsatsa don babu mai son tukawa ko siya, gidajensa sun yi watsi da su ba wanda yake son zama a cikinsu ko kuma ya saye su ko dai kamar yadda al'umma ke da yakinin cewa ya yi kudinsa ta hanyarsa diabolical yana nufin. Bugu da ƙari, duk kasuwancinsa sun rushe a cikin wani yanayi mai ban mamaki.  

## Mutuwa
A ranar 25 ga watan Disamba, 1999, a ranar haihuwarsa, ya shiga cikin wani mummunan hatsarin mota a karkashin yanayi mai ban mamaki.  Ezego da  bai taba tuka mota ba, sai dai yana da direban motar da yake tafiya tare da shi amma a ranar da Ezego ya mutu a hadarin, an ruwaito cewa ya umurci direban da kada yayi tuki kuma ya yi niyyar tuka kansa.  

## Manazarta
Taube Pan

**Taube bas Leib Pan**(née Pitzker ; Yiddish)marubucin Yiddish ne na ƙarni na goma sha shida,wanda ya rayu a cikin ghetto Prague a lokacin Mordekai Meisel.

Pan ita ce 'yar Rabbi Moshe Leib Pitzker,kuma matar Yakov Pan  Kamar yawancin mawaƙa na wannan lokacin,ta buga ayyukan addini da na ɗabi'a a cikin karin magana na Yahudawa na yanzu.An sauƙaƙe irin waɗannan wallafe-wallafen ta hanyar bugu na Gersonides da ke gudana a Prague.Daga cikin sauran guda, ta buga,mai yiwuwa a cikin 1609,waƙa mai shafuka shida a ƙarƙashin taken *Ayn sheyn lid,nay gemakht,beloshn tkhine iz vorden ausgetrakht* . 

## Manazarta
Hakkokin al'adu

**Hakkin [[Al'ada|al'adu]]** hakkoki ne da suka shafi jigogi kamar harshe; samar da al'adu da fasaha; shiga cikin rayuwar al'adu; al'adun al'adu, haƙƙin mallaka; haƙƙin marubuci; 'yan tsiraru da samun dama ga al'adu. Yunkurin kare hakkin al'adu ya jawo hankali don kare haƙƙin kungiyoyin mutane, ko al'adunsu, a cikin irin wannan hanyar da yunkurin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ya jawo hankali ga bukatun mutane a duk duniya.

## Kare al'adu
Hakkin al'adu hakkoki ne da suka shafi fasaha da al'adu, dukansu an fahimta a babban ma'ana. Manufar waɗannan haƙƙoƙin ita ce tabbatar da cewa mutane da al'ummomi suna da damar yin amfani da al'ada, sanin kansu, kuma suna iya shiga cikin al'adun zaɓin su. Hakkin al'adu haƙƙin ɗan adam ne waɗanda ke da niyyar tabbatar da jin daɗin al'adu da abubuwan da ke ciki a cikin yanayin daidaito, mutuncin ɗan adam da rashin nuna bambanci. 

Da yake mai da hankali kan adana al'adu a matsayin ƙarshen kanta kuma ya fi kan cikar dangantakar "muhalli" tsakanin kungiyoyin al'adu kamar yadda ake amfani da ma'amala mai kyau da kuma yiwuwar sauya al'adun al'adu, Meyjes ya ba da shawarar kalmomin musayar "al'adun al-adu",  "al'adu na al'adu"  da Adalci tsakanin al'adu - wanda ya bayyana a matsayin ka'idar karɓar ƙa'adun alƙalai da ayyukan 'yan tsiraru, a cikin hanyar haƙƙirarun al'umma, ko ƙimar al'umma da ke damuwa, al'umma.

## Adana al'adun 'yan tsiraru
Hakkin al'adu na kungiyoyi suna mai da hankali kan 'yan tsiraru na addini da kabilanci da kuma al'ummomin 'yan asalin da ke cikin haɗarin ɓacewa. Hakkin al'adu sun haɗa da ikon rukuni na adana hanyar rayuwarta, kamar kiwon yara, ci gaba da harshe, da tsaro na tushen tattalin arzikinta a cikin al'umma, wanda yake. 

Yunkurin kare hakkin al'adu ya shahara saboda yawancin ilimin al'adu na gargajiya yana da darajar kasuwanci, kamar maganin kabilanci, kayan shafawa, tsire-tsire masu noma, abinci, al'adun gargajiya, zane-zane, sana'o'i, waƙoƙi, rawa, kayan ado, da al'ada. Nazarin al'adun gargajiya na iya bayyana shaidu game da tarihin ɗan adam kuma ya ba da ƙarin haske game da asalinmu da ci gaban al'adu na gaba. Koyaya, nazarin, rabawa, da kasuwanci na irin waɗannan al'adun al'adu na iya zama da wahala a cimma ba tare da keta haƙƙin al'adu ba na waɗanda suke cikin wannan al'ada. Cinikin Kasuwanci na al'adu 'yan tsiraru na iya haifar da batutuwan da suka shafi cinikin al'adu, kamar keta haƙƙin mallaka na al'adu da kuma kuskuren wakiltar al'adun al'adu.

### Al'adun da ba a gani ba
s.Kiyaye al'adun tsiraru ya haɗa da kariyar gadon al'adun da ba a taɓa gani ba, waɗanda ba su da abubuwan al'adu kamar ayyuka, harshe, hankali, ruhi, da tsarin ƙima. Wadannan abubuwan da ba na kayan abu ba an gane su a matsayin masu mahimmanci, musamman, kuma na kwarai ga rukunin al'adu, kuma ana maimaita su akai-akai kuma ana watsa su zuwa tsararraki masu zuwa.

## Manazarta
Arlene Perly Rae

**Arlene Perly Rae** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1949) yar jaridar Kanada ce,mai sukar adabi kuma marubuci.Ta auri jakadan Kanada a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Bob Rae. 

## Shekarun farko
An haifi Perly Rae a cikin shekarar 1949 kuma ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Toronto.

## Sana'a
Perly Rae ta kasance mai bitar adabin yara na *Toronto Star* na tsawon lokaci.A cikin 1997, ta buga *Favorites na kowa da kowa*,jagorar mabukaci ga wallafe-wallafen yara wanda ya kimanta wasu mafi kyawun littattafai a cikin nau'in.Ta kuma rubuta a matsayin mai zaman kanta don *The Globe da Mail*,*Quill da Quire* da *Maclean's*.

Perly Rae is a past vice-president of the Canadian Jewish Congress. and her interest in the welfare of children has led her to be a part of the national Campaign Against Child Poverty. She has also been on the boards of publisher McClelland and Stewart, the Stratford Festival, and World Literacy of Canada, as well as on the Steering Committee for the United Way of Greater Toronto. She is currently co-chairing the YWCA's Elm Centre Capital Campaign, a project set to create 300 units of permanent housing for women and women-led families in Toronto. In July 2016, she joined the board of Confederation Centre of the Arts, Canada's National Memorial to the Fathers of Confederation, in Prince Edward Island.

Ana yawan gayyatar Perly Rae don gabatar da jawabai kan batutuwa daban-daban kamar karatu,yaƙi da wariyar launin fata,da mahimmancin fasaha.

## Rayuwar iyali
Perly Rae da mijinta suna da 'ya'ya mata uku. Iyali membobi ne na Holy Blossom Temple,ikilisiyar Yahudawa ta Reform a Toronto.

## Manazarta
Rahel Varnhagen

**Rahel Antonie Friederike Varnhagen**(German: [ˈʁaːɛl ˈfaʁnhaːɡən])(née **Levin**,daga baya **Robert**;19 ga Mayu 1771-7 Maris 1833)  marubucin Bajamushe ne wanda ya dauki bakuncin ɗayan manyan wuraren shakatawa a Turai a ƙarshen 18th da farkon ƙarni na 19th.Ita ce batun labarin tarihin da aka yi bikin,*Rahel Varnhagen:Rayuwar Bayahude* (1957),wanda Hannah Arendt ta rubuta. Arendt ta ji daɗin Varnhagen a matsayin "abokiyar kuɗaɗen ta,ko da yake ta mutu kusan shekaru ɗari".An sanya sunan asteroid 100029 Varnhagen a cikin girmamawarta.

## Life and works

An haifi **Rahel Antonie Friederike Levin** ga dangin Yahudawa a Berlin.Mahaifinta,hamshakin attajiri ne,mutum ne mai tsananin son rai wanda yake mulkin danginsa da wulakanci.Ta zama abokai na kud da kud da Dorothea da Henriette,'ya'yan masanin falsafa Moses Mendelssohn.Ta hanyar su ta san Henriette Herz,wanda za ta kasance da dangantaka ta kud da kud da kud da kud da kud da kud da kud da kud da kud da kud da a cikin rayuwarta, motsi a cikin wannan ilimi sassa.Tare da Herz da dan uwanta,Sara Grotthuis née Meyer,ta karbi bakuncin daya daga cikin shahararren salon salon Berlin na 1800s.Gidanta ya zama wurin taron masu fasaha,mawaƙa da masu hankali kamar Schlegel, Schelling,Steffens,Schack, Schleiermacher,Alexander da Wilhelm von Humboldt,Motte Fouqué,Baron Brückmann, Ludwig Tieck,Jean Paul,da Friedrich Gentz.A lokacin ziyarar Carlsbad a cikin 1795 an gabatar da ita ga Goethe,wanda ta sake haduwa a Frankfurt am Main a 1815.

Bayan 1806,ta zauna a Paris,Frankfurt am Main,Hamburg, Prague,da Dresden.Wannan lokacin ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin bala'i ga Jamus;An mayar da Prussia zuwa ƙaramin masarauta kuma sarkinta yana gudun hijira.An kafa ƙungiyoyin sirri a kowane yanki na ƙasar da nufin kawar da mulkin zalunci na Napoleon.Ita kanta Levin ta kasance na ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan al'ummomin.

A cikin 1814,ta auri marubucin tarihin rayuwar Karl August Varnhagen von Ense a Berlin,bayan ta koma Kiristanci-wannan kuma ya sa surukarta ga mawaƙiya Rosa Maria Assing.A lokacin aurensu,mijinta,wanda ya yi yaƙi a cikin sojojin Austriya da Faransanci,yana cikin ƙungiyar diflomasiyya ta Prussian,kuma gidansu a Vienna ya zama wurin taro na wakilan Prussian zuwa Majalisar Vienna.A 1815,ta bi mijinta zuwa Vienna sannan kuma zuwa Karlsruhe a 1816,inda ya zama wakilin Prussian.Ta koma Berlin a shekara ta 1819,lokacin da mijinta ya yi ritaya daga matsayinsa na diflomasiyya.

Rahel Varnhagen ya mutu a Berlin a shekara ta 1833.Kabarinta yana cikin Dreifaltigkeitsfriedhof I Berlin-Kreuzberg.Mijinta ya buga littattafan tunawa guda biyu bayan mutuwarta da ke ɗauke da zaɓuka daga aikinta:*Rahel,ein Buch des Andenkens für ihre Freunde* (Rahel,Littafin Tunawa da Abokan Ta;3 vols.,1834;sabon ed.,1903)da *Galerie von Bildnissen aus Rahels Umgang* (Gallery of Portraits from Rahel's Circle;2 vols.,1836).

## Dangantaka da Yahudanci
## Manazarta
Liana Millu

**Liana Millu** (an haife shi **Millul**;Pisa,21 Disamba 1914 - 6 Fabrairu 2005) yar jarida ce Bayahude-Italiyanci,mayaki juriya na Yaƙin Duniya na biyu kuma wanda ya tsira daga Holocaust.An fi saninta da tarihin rayuwarta *Smoke over Birkenau*.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Millu ta kasance daga kakaninta,kuma ta yi yawancin rayuwarta a Genoa.Sunanta a lokacin haihuwa shine **Millul**,amma daga baya ta canza shi zuwa Millu don sunan ta.Ta yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida don *Il Telegrafo* da malamin makaranta.

A shekara ta 1943,Millu ya shiga cikin jam'iyyar Italiyanci.An kama ta a shekara ta 1944 kuma aka tura ta zuwa Auschwitz-Birkenau a Poland.

Bayan yakin,Millu ya koma Italiya kuma ya zama marubuci.Ayyukanta sun haɗa a cikin tarihin Italiyanci,*Marubuta Ligurian na ƙarni na ashirin*.

## Ayyuka

* *Smoke over Birkenau* (translated by novelist Lynne Sharon Schwartz, who won the 1991 PEN Renato Poggioli translation award; 1994) – 
* *The Bridges of Schwerin* (novel), winner of the 1978 Viareggio Prize
* *Josephia's Shirt* (collection of stories)
* *From Liguria to the Extermination Camps* (non-fiction)

## Nassoshi
Sanarwar 'Yancin Yara

**Sanarwar 'Yancin Yara**, wani lokaci ana kiranta da *Geneva Declaration of Rights of Child*, takarda ce ta kasa da kasa da ke inganta 'yancin yara, wanda Eglantyne Jebb ya tsara kuma Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da shi a shekarar 1924, kuma an karbe shi a cikin wani tsari mai tsawo. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a shekarar 1959.

## Bayanin Haƙƙin Yara (1924)
Rubutun daftarin, kamar yadda kungiyar kare hakkin yara ta kasa da kasa ta buga a Geneva a ranar 23 ga watan Fabrairun 1923, sune kamar haka:
# Dole ne a ba yaro hanyoyin da ake bukata don ci gabansa na yau da kullun, na zahiri da na ruhaniya.
# Yaron da yake jin yunwa dole ne a shayar da shi, a shayar da wanda ba shi da lafiya, a taimaka wa yaron da ya koma baya, a kwato wanda ya yi laifi, a kuma ba marayu da mara lafiya a ba shi mafaka a taimake shi.
# Dole ne yaron ya kasance farkon wanda zai sami sauƙi a lokutan wahala.
# Dole ne a sanya yaron a matsayin don samun abin rayuwa, kuma dole ne a kiyaye shi daga kowane nau'i na amfani.
# Dole ne a reno yaron a cikin sanin cewa dole ne a ba da basirarsa ga hidimar mutane.
Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da wannan rubutu a ranar 26 ga watan Nuwamba 1924 a matsayin Yarjejeniya Ta Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya, kuma ita ce takardar haƙƙin ɗan adam ta farko da wata cibiya ta gwamnati ta amince da ita.  Kungiyar ta sake tabbatar da ita a shekarar 1934. Shugabannin kasashe da gwamnatoci sun yi alkawarin sanya ka'idojin su a cikin dokokin cikin gida. A Faransa, an ba da umarnin a nuna shi a kowace makaranta. 

## Tarihi
Bayan da aka yi la'akari da zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa, ciki har da na rubuta sabuwar sanarwa gaba ɗaya, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yanke shawara a shekarar 1946 don ɗaukar daftarin, a cikin fa'ida mai yawa, a matsayin nata bayanin 'yancin yara. Gwamnatoci daban-daban da dama ne suka shiga cikin shirin. An ƙaddamar da sigar ɗan faɗaɗa kaɗan, tare da maki bakwai a maimakon biyar, a shekarar 1948.  Sannan a ranar 10 ga watan Disamba 1959 Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da sanarwar 'yancin yara, bisa tsari da abin da ke cikin ainihin 1924, tare da ka'idoji goma. Wani kuduri mai rakiyar, wanda tawagar Afghanistan ta gabatar, ya yi kira ga gwamnatoci da su amince da wadannan hakkoki, su yi kokarin karban su, da kuma yada daftarin yadda ya kamata.   An karɓi wannan kwanan wata azaman Ranar Yara ta Duniya.

An bi wannan sanarwar a shekarar 1989 ta Yarjejeniyar 'Yancin Yara, wanda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da shi, wanda aka amince da shi kuma ya bude don sanya hannu, amincewa da shiga ta hanyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya 44/25 na 20 a watan Nuwamba 1989; shigar da aiki a ranar 2 ga watan Satumba 1990, daidai da muƙalar 49.

## Duba kuma

* Save the Children
* Jadawalin yancin matasa a Burtaniya
* Jadawalin yancin matasa a Amurka

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Sanarwar Geneva ta Hakkokin Yara na 1924 akan Takardun Takardun Majalisar Dinkin Duniya
* Bayanin Haƙƙin Yara (UN 1948)
* Sanarwa na Haƙƙin Yara na 1959
* Sanarwa na Haƙƙin Yara (UN 1989) 

.

## Manazarta
Ministan Kamfanonin Gwamnati

**Ministan kasuwancin gwamnati** minista ne a majalisar ministocin gwamnatin ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu . Shugaban ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu ne ya nada shi kuma shi ne shugaban siyasa na Sashen Kamfanonin Gwamnati da aka kafa a shekarar 1999 kuma yana kula da kamfanoni daban-daban na gwamnati. Pravin Gordhan an nada shi Ministan Kasuwancin Jama'a ta Shugaba Cyril Ramaphosa jim kaɗan bayan zaɓen na ƙarshe daya kasance  a watan Fabrairun 2018.

## Jerin Ministoci

## Nassoshi
Sybil Wolfram

**Sybil Wolfram** (an haife shi **Sybille Misch** ; 1931-1993)  masanin falsafa ne kuma marubuci Bature,asalin Bayahude na Jamus.Ta kasance 'yar'uwa kuma mai koyarwa a falsafa a Lady Margaret Hall a Jami'ar Oxford daga 1964 zuwa 1993.

## Aiki
Ta buga littattafai guda biyu,*Falsafa Logic:An Gabatarwa* (1989) d *In-laws and Outlaws:Kinship and Marriage in England* (1987).  Ita ce ta fassara Claude Lévi-Strauss 's *La pensée sauvage* (*The Savage Mind*),amma daga baya ta yi watsi da fassarar sa’ad da ta gano mai shela ya yi canje-canje ga fassarar da ita ko Lévi-Strauss ba ta ba da izini ba.  Ita ce 'yar masanin ilimin laifuka kuma masanin ilimin psychoanalyst Kate Friedlander (1902-1949),kwararre kan batun laifukan yara, da likitan Walter Misch (1889-1943)wadanda, tare,suka rubuta *Die vegetative Genese der neurotischen Angst und ihre medikamentöse Beseitigung*. Bayan gobarar Reichstag a 1933,ta yi hijira daga Berlin,Jamus zuwa Ingila tare da iyayenta da masanin ilimin halin ɗan adam na Bayahude,Paula Heimann (1899-1982).  

## Duba kuma

## Nassoshi
Majalisar Binciken Aikin Noma ta Najeriya

**Hukumar Binciken Aikin Noma ta Najeriya** (ARCN), 

wata hukuma ce ta gwamnatin Najeriya da ke hada kai da sa ido kan binciken noma don kara yawan amfanin noma don bunkasar tattalin arziki.   Hukumar ta kuma horar da manoma.  A shekarar 2021, hukumar ta bude Rediyo da Talabijin na Nmasu mai oma domin yada bayanai masu manoma yadda ya kamata.  

## Manazarta
Dimokuradiyya da 'Yancin Ɗan Adam

Masu ra'ayin siyasa sun tattauna sosai akan dangantakar dake tsakanin dimokuradiyya da 'yancin ɗan Adam. Wani ɓangare na batun shine duka "dimokraɗiyya" da "yancin ɗan adam" suna jayayya game da ra'ayi waɗanda ainihin ma'anarsu da iyakokin su ke fuskantar taƙaddama mai gudana.  Ra'ayoyi sun haɗa da 'yancin ɗan adam a matsayin wani muhimmin ɓangare na dimokuraɗiyya, 'yancin ɗan adam da ke buƙatar dimokuraɗiyya, da goyon bayan juna tsakanin ra'ayoyin biyu.

## Fage
Yawancin masana suna jayayya cewa haƙƙin ɗan adam ya fito ne daga haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa da ɗaiɗaikun mutane ke da su ta hanyar kasancewar ƴan ƙasa a cikin siyasa, wanda a ƙarshe ya zama gama gari a matsayin haƙƙin ɗan adam, wanda kowane ɗan adam ke riƙewa. A tsawon lokaci, mutane sun yi amfani da yaren haƙƙoƙin don bayyanawa da kuma amintaccen kewayon damuwa.  Todd Landman ya rubuta cewa, "akwai cikas da yawa tsakanin dimokuraɗiyya da 'yancin ɗan adam, kamar yadda dukansu biyu suka dogara ne a cikin ƙa'idojin da aka raba, mutuncin mutum, wakilci na gaskiya da daidaito, haɗawa da shiga da kuma hanyoyin warware rikici". 

## Dimokuraɗiyya a matsayin 'yancin ɗan adam
Yarjejeniya ta 1, sashe na 3 na Yarjejeniyar Turai game da Haƙƙin Bil Adama ta ba da tabbacin 'yancin kaɗa kuri'a a zaɓe na gaskiya da adalci.  Duk da haka, ba duka marubuta ba ne suka yarda cewa dimokuraɗiyya haƙƙin ɗan adam ne. 

## Haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam kamar yadda ya kamata ga dimokuraɗiyya
Ƙayyadadden kariyar haƙƙoƙin jama'a da na siyasa ya zama dole don dimokuraɗiyya ta yi aiki.

## Separationist thesis
Wasu marubuta suna kallon yancin ɗan adam da dimokuraɗiyya a matsayin abubuwa daban waɗanda ba za su iya tafiya tare ba. Ko da yake suna goyon bayan 'yancin ɗan adam ga kowa da kowa, ƙila ba za su yarda cewa mulkin demokraɗiyya ya zama kyakkyawan tsarin siyasa ga dukan duniya ba. 

## Tashin hankali tsakanin 'yancin ɗan adam da dimokuraɗiyya
Akwai yuwuwar tashin hankali tsakanin 'yancin ɗan adam da dimokuraɗiyya. A tsarin dimokuraɗiyya, manufofin da suka shahara ba lallai ba ne waɗanda ke kare hakkin ɗan adam, musamman na waɗanda ba 'yan ƙasa ba. 

## Manazarta

## Source
*  Landman, Todd (2013). Human Rights and Democracy - The Precarious Triumph of Ideals .Bloomsbury Academic. 
* doi :10.5040/9781472544643 . ISBN 978-1-84966-346-5
Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Kan Hakkokin Dan Adam (2018)

**Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Kan Hakkokin Dan Adam (2018):** wani taro ne na kasa da kasa da aka gudanar a Bilbao, a shekarar 2018, Jami'ar Basque Country, Gwamnatin Basque da Gwamnatin Spain, tare da haɗin gwiwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Amnesty International, Tarayyar Turai da kuma sauran kungiyoyin kasa da kasa.  

Manufar taron ita ce bikin cika shekaru 70 na Yarjejeniyar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Duniya (UDHR) ta shekarar 1948. Majalisar ta halarci taron, shugaban kwamitin kare hakkin dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Fabián Salvioli, shugaban kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu Virgínia Brás Gomes, shugaban gwamnatin Basque Iñigo Urkullu, Jonan Fernandez, Manuel Lezertua, Liora Lazarus, Jon-Mirena Landa, Adela Asúa da sauransu.  

## Tarihi
Babban makasudin taron shi ne yin nazari kan juyin halittar Dokokin kasa da kasa da ‘Yancin Dan Adam a daidai lokacin bikin cika shekaru 70 da amincewa da Yarjejeniyar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Duniya (UDHR) ta shekara ta 1948, da kuma neman gano cutar a lokacinsa na yanzu. kuma suyi tunani a kan juyin halittar su kuma idan suna da makoma a matsayin ainihin abu da tunani.bMajalisar ta mayar da hankali ne kan yadda haƙƙin ɗan adam ke haifar da ƙalubale masu tasowa waɗanda ke da alaƙa da gudanar da dabi'u kamar bambancin ra'ayi da haɗin kai a cikin zaman tare ko ilimi, kuma waɗanda ke bayyana a zahiri kamar 'yan gudun hijira, ƙaura, talauci, ƙalubalen muhalli, addini ko al'adu, jam'i, daidaiton jinsi, haƙƙin mutanen LGBT, sabbin nau'ikan wariya da rashin adalci, ko kuma a cikin martani ga barazanar ta'addanci ko yaƙi na duniya. 

An gudanar da taron ne a ranakun 7, da 8, da 9 ga watan Nuwamba 2018 a dakin taro na Euskalduna Conference Centre and Concert Hall  da ke Bilbao.   A cikin taron an yi taruka daban-daban, gabatarwa da kuma tattaunawa ta baka daga kwararru daban-daban a kan hakkin dan adam da dokokin kasa da kasa.  

Shugaban gwamnatin Basque Iñigo Urkullu tare da mataimakin shugaban kasa Josu Erkoreka ne suka rufe taron.  

### Taro
Majalisar ta kunshi daruruwan tarurruka da teburi da suka gudana a duk fadin taron. Bugu da ƙari, an ba da mafi kyawun tarurruka na Majalisa lambar yabo ta ICHR don Mafi kyawun taron.   

## Littafi
An tattara taro da gudummawar da aka bayar a taron a cikin littafin: Landa Gorostiza, Jon-Mirena da Garro Carrera, Enara (coord.) (2019). *Kalubalen Haƙƙin Dan Adam da ke tasowa: Garanti na cikin haɗari?* Tirant Lo Blanch. Valencia. 

## Bugu na gaba
Bisa la'akari da nasarar taron kasa da kasa, gwamnatin Basque da gwamnatin Spain sun dauki matakin gudanar da wani taron na gaba a tsakanin shekarun 2022-2024.

## Duba kuma

* Taro a cikin Nazarin Medieval

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Kan Hakkokin Dan Adam
Helga Deen

**Helga Deen** ( shidda 6 Afurelu 1925 – 16 Yuli shekara ta 1943 ) ta kasance Bayahudiya, marubuciyar littafin diyari, wanda aka nemo littafin a cikin shekara ta 2000, wanda ke bayyana zamanta a kurkukun Dutch wato *Camp Vught*, inda aka kai ta a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu lokacin tana da shekaru 18.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife ta a shekara ta 1925  a Stettin (yau Szczecin a Poland ), ta girma a Tilburg a cikin Netherlands. A shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in da biyu  ta shiga Majalisar Yahudawa ta Tilburg kuma ta yi aiki a sashin " Taimakon tashi» kuma almajiri ne a makarantar sakandare ta birnin. A cikin Afrilu shekara ta 1943 An kama ta tare da iyayenta kuma an aika ta zuwa sansanin taro na s-Hertogenbosch (wanda ake kira *Camp Vught* ), ta isa can a ranar 1 Yuni  inda ta kasance har zuwa Yuli. A lokacin da take tsare, tana ajiye littafin diary, tana ba da labarin rayuwarta ta yau da kullun a sansanin domin saurayinta ya san halin da take ciki a can. Tana fatan aikinta zai kubutar da ita daga. A watan Yuli, Helga Deen ta rubuta a karo na ƙarshe a cikin littafin tarihinta, kafin a tura ta zuwa Sobibór ta Westerbork  tare da danginta inda aka kashe ta a lokacin da ta zo.16 juillet 194316 ga Yuli, 1943. Tana da shekara 18

Yadda littafin diary ya fita daga Camp Vught.

### Jaridar
A cikin shekara  ta 2004, a kan mutuwar Kees van den Berg, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Holland, ɗansa Conrad ya samo a cikin takaddun shafuffukan diary na Helga Deen, wanda ya kasance masoyiyar ƙuruciyarsa. An ba da gudummawa ga Rukunin Tarihi na Yanki na Tilburg ta 'ya'yansa.

## Yabo

* Ana kiran wani lambun jama'a a Tilburg don  shi.

## Duba kuma

* Ina Frank
* Etty Hillesum
* Vera Kohnov

## Manazarta
Yanayin ƙasa na Gabon

**[[Gabon]]** ƙasa ce a Afirka ta Tsakiya, tana kwance a gefen Tekun Atlantika, a kudancin Bight of Biafra.

## Yankuna
Gabon tana da jimlar kilomita 3,261 na iyakokin kasa da kasa. Yana da iyaka da Equatorial Guinea (kilomita 335) da Kamaru (kimanin 349) zuwa arewa da Jamhuriyar Kongo (km 2,567) zuwa gabas da kudu. Gabon yana kan ma'auni.

; Da'awar teku
:* Tekun yanki:  nmi (22 )
:* Yankin da ke kusa:   ( )
:* Yankin tattalin arziki na musamman:  nmi (370 )

## Yankin

Ƙananan fili na bakin teku tare da wuraren mangroves na Afirka ta Tsakiya; tsaunuka masu tsawo; savanna a gabas da kudu. Wani bincike na nesa na duniya na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa akwai 420km2 na filayen ruwa a Gabon, yana mai da shi ƙasa ta 50 dangane da yankin filaye.

* Yankin da ake ban ruwa: 44.5 km2 (2003)
* Jimlar albarkatun ruwa masu sabuntawa: 164 km3 (2011)

## Muhalli
**Yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa:**

**Jam'iyyar zuwa**: Biodiversity, Canjin Yanayi, Yaduwa, Dabbobi masu haɗari, Kashewa mai haɗuri, Dokar Tekun, Ruwa da Rashin Rana, Kare Yankin Ozone, Taɓawayar Jirgin, Katako na Tropical 83, Katuka na wurare masu zafi 94, Wetlands, Whaling

## Yanayi
Yanayin equatorial na Gabon yana nufin cewa yana da yanayin zafi na wurare masu zafi (Köppen *Am*) da kuma yanayin savanna na zafi, tare da zafin jiki yana zafi a duk shekara da zafi da danshi, kodayake Benguela Current na iya daidaita yanayin jiki. 

## Abubuwa masu tsanani

* Yankin arewacin - wurin da ba a san shi ba akan iyaka da Kamaru a kan Kogin Ntem, lardin Woleu-Ntem
* Gabashin Gabas - wurin da ba a san shi ba akan iyaka da Jamhuriyar Kongo nan da nan kudu maso yammacin ƙauyen Kongo na Mbeyi-Mbola, lardin Haut-Ogooué
* Yankin kudu - inda iyakar da Jamhuriyar Kongo ta shiga Tekun Atlantika, Lardin Nyanga
* Yammacin Yankin - arewa maso yammacin Cape Lopez, lardin Ogooué Maritime
|source 2 = Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)

## Dubi kuma

* Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bam

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje