Tea a Faransa

Amfani da **shayi a Faransa** ya samo asali ne daga karni na goma sha bakwai, kuma yana ci gaba da girma a hankali tun daga lokacin. Kasuwar ta ragu sosai, tare da alamun shayi na kasuwa wanda ke gina hoton " shayi na Faransanci" wanda ake fitar dashi cikin sauƙi.

Tea ya isa Faransa a lokacin mulkin Louis XIII, a lokaci guda kamar sauran kayayyakin mulkin mallaka na alatu, cakulan, da kofi, kuma ya Shafi karbuwa tare da isowar Jules Mazarin a kotu, wanda ya danganta kyawawan magunguna ga shayi. Farashin ya yi yawa, duk da haka, kuma an tanadar da shayi ga aristocracy, waɗanda ba su gamsu da sha shi kawai ba: an kuma yi amfani da shi azaman shuka mai shan sigari, salatin salatin, ko sinadarin mai. Amfani da madara a cikin shayi ya bunkasa a kotun Faransa, saboda ruwan zafi na iya lalata kofuna na porcelain. A lokacin juyin juya halin Faransa, ana ganin shayi a matsayin kayan alatu kuma an hana amfani da shi. A karkashin Daular ta Biyu, Anglomania ta ba da sabon hayar rayuwa ga amfani da shayi, kuma Empress Eugenie ta buɗe ɗakin shayi mai zaman kansa wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar ɗakunan wallafe-wallafen ƙarni da ya gabata. Sauran ɗakunan shayi na Faransa, a buɗe ga jama'a, sun bayyana a lokaci guda, gami da Ladurée . An fara cin shayi a ko'ina cikin Faransa amma har yanzu ana ajiye shi ga fitattun mutane. A cikin karni na 19, ma'aikata sun ɗauki al'adar tafasa ruwa don kare kansu daga annobar kwalara kuma sun saba da shayi da ke gasa da kofi. Ƙarshen karni na 19 ya kasance alama ce ta motsi na Jafananci da sha'awar al'adun al'adun Paris tare da Gabas ta Tsakiya, wanda ya ba shayi sabon rayuwar rayuwa. Black tea ya mamaye amfani da Faransanci har zuwa shekarun 1970 kafin shayi mai ƙanshi ya mamaye har zuwa farkon karni na 21, lokacin da yanayin ya koma shayi mai kore, wanda aka gani a matsayin na halitta da lafiya.

## Tarihi

### Lokacin aristocratic: daga karni na 17 zuwa juyin juya halin Faransa

An sha shayi a Faransa tun lokacin mulkin Louis XIII, daidai da sauran kayayyakin alatu na mulkin mallaka kamar cakulan da kofi. Tushen ya bambanta game da ainihin gabatarwa: ko dai ta hanyar Dutch, wanda ya karɓi jigilar shayi na farko a Amsterdam a cikin 1610 sannan ya sake rarraba shi a Turai, ko kuma kai tsaye daga Jesuits, musamman Alexandre de Rhodes, mai wa'azi a ƙasashen waje da aka aika zuwa China daga 1618 zuwa 1653.  Zuwan Jules Mazarin a kotun ya kara shahararren shayi a tsakanin aristocracy: ana zaton shayi ya warkar da gout dinsa, kuma litattafan likitancin Faransa na karni na goma sha bakwai koyaushe suna yabon cancantar shayi. Koyaya, saboda tsada mai yawa, likitoci sun nemi madadin tsakanin tsire-tsire na Turai, kamar sage ko veronica officinalis. A cikin karni na 17, amfani da shayi a Faransa ba a iyakance shi ga shan giya ba. An kuma cinye shi azaman shuka mai shan sigari, salatin, ko kuma an yi amfani da shi a cikin mai.

A kotun Faransa ne aka fara kafa al'adar ƙara madara ga shayi: zuba 'yan ruwan sanyi a cikin kofin porcelain a gaba yana kare abu daga girgizar zafi na zuba shayi mai zafi

An shigo da shayi daga China ta hanyar Holland har zuwa 1700, wanda ya nuna dawowar jirgin L'Amphitrite daga China da kuma fara shigo da kai tsaye. A cikin Lettres édifiantes et curieuses, Jesuits sun ba da rahoton cewa sun nemi kai tsaye don bunkasa cinikin shayi tsakanin China da Faransa, musamman ta hanyar kafa wuraren kasuwanci a Canton, amma wannan aikin ya rushe a karni na 18 saboda ƙiyayya da Sinawa suka yi musu. A halin yanzu, shigo da shayi na kasar Sin, ta hanyar tashar jiragen ruwa ta Lorient, ya kai tan 1,000 a 1766 kuma ya karu sau 400 tsakanin 1693 da 1785. A lokacin Regency da mulkin Louis XV, amfani da cakulan (wanda ake kira aphrodisiac) da kofi (saboda gidajen cin abinci na wallafe-wallafen) ya karu a Faransa fiye da na shayi. Sarauniya Marie Leszczynska ta karɓi yumbu na Jafananci da zinare na Faransa wanda ke dauke da shayi, cakulan da kofi don haihuwar Dauphin, yanzu ana kiyaye shi a cikin Louvre.   Tea ya fi shahara a kotun Duchy na Lorraine, inda likitan Stanislas Leszczynski ya ba da shawarar shayi a gare shi kuma inda Turkawa da Sinawa suka kasance a cikin salon. Mai yin kayan kwalliya na Stanislas, Joseph Gilliers, ya ba da shawarar zabar ganye da ke da "tsuntsu da ƙanshi mai ƙanshi", tafasa su na minti 15 a cikin ruwa, mai yiwuwa an wadata su da sassan lemun tsami guda biyu, kuma shan cakuda tare da gurasar sukari.
## manazarta