Hugo Chávez

**Hugo Rafael Chávez Frias**[b] (/ˈtʃɑːvɛz/ CHAH-vez, Latin American Spanish: [ˈ__wol____wol____wol__ rafaˈel ˈtʃaβes ˈfɾi.as] i; 28 ga Yulin 1954 - 5 ga Maris 2013) ɗan siyasan Venezuela ne, mai juyin juya hali, kuma jami'in soja wanda ya kasance shugaban Venezuela daga 1999 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 2013.  Chávez ya kuma kasance shugaban jam'iyyar siyasa ta Jamhuriyar Jamhuriya ta Biyar daga kafuwarta a 1997 har zuwa 2007, lokacin da ta haɗu da wasu jam'iyyun da yawa don kafa Jam'iyyar Socialist ta Venezuela (PSUV), wacce ya jagoranci har zuwa 2012.&nbsp;

An haife shi a cikin dangin matsakaicin matsayi a Sabaneta, Barinas, Chávez ya zama jami'in soja. Bayan ya zama mara gamsu da tsarin siyasar Venezuela wanda ya dogara da Yarjejeniyar Puntofijo,  ya kafa Juyin Juya Halin Bolivarian Movement-200 (MBR-200) a farkon shekarun 1980. Chávez ya jagoranci MBR-200 a juyin mulki da bai yi nasara ba a kan gwamnatin Democratic Action ta Shugaba Carlos Andrés Pérez a shekarar 1992, wanda aka daure shi. An gafarta masa daga kurkuku bayan shekaru biyu, ya kafa jam'iyyar siyasa ta Fifth Republic Movement, sannan ya sami kashi 56.2% na kuri'un, an zabe shi shugaban Venezuela a shekarar 1998. An sake zabarsa a Babban zaben Venezuela na 2000 tare da kashi 59.8% na kuri'un kuma a Zaben shugaban kasa na Venezuela na 2006, tare da kashi 62.8% na kuriʼun. Bayan ya lashe wa'adinsa na huɗu a matsayin shugaban kasa a Zaben shugaban kasa na Venezuela na 2012 tare da kashi 55.1% na kuri'un,  za a rantsar da shi a ranar 10 ga Janairun 2013. Koyaya, an soke rantsarwar ne saboda maganin cutar kansa,  kuma a ranar 5 ga Maris yana da shekaru 58, ya mutu a Caracas.  

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Chávez a ranar 28 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1954 a gidan kakarsa Rosa Inés Chávez, wani gida mai ɗakuna uku da ke ƙauyen Sabaneta, Jihar Barinas. Iyalin Chávez sun kasance daga asalin Amerindian, Afro-Venezuelan, Mutanen Espanya da Italiyanci. Iyayensa, Hugo de los Reyes Chávez - wanda aka bayyana a matsayin memba na COPEI mai alfahari  - da Elena Frias de Chávez, malamai ne da ke zaune a ƙaramin ƙauyen Los Rastrojos . 

An haifi Hugo ta biyu cikin yara bakwai. An yi jayayya game da yarantakar Chávez game da talauci kamar yadda mai yiwuwa ya canza labarin asalinsa saboda dalilai na siyasa. Da yake halartar makarantar firamare ta Julián Pino, Chávez yana da sha'awar janar Ezequiel Zamora na ƙarni na 19, wanda kakansa ya yi aiki a cikin sojojinsa. Ba tare da makarantar sakandare a yankinsu ba, iyayen Hugo sun aika da Hugo da babban ɗan'uwansa Adán su zauna tare da kakansu Rosa, wanda ke zaune a cikin gidan da gwamnati ta ba da tallafi, inda suka halarci makarantar sakandare ta Daniel O'Leary a tsakiyar shekarun 1960. Mahaifinsa, duk da cewa yana da albashi na malami, ya taimaka wajen biyan kwaleji ga Chávez da 'yan uwansa.

## Ayyukan soja

### Kwalejin Soja
Lokacin da yake da shekaru 17, Chávez ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Soja ta Venezuela a Caracas, yana bin tsarin karatun da aka sani da Andrés Bello Plan, wanda ƙungiyar jami'an soja masu ci gaba, masu kishin ƙasa suka kafa. Wannan sabon tsarin karatun ya karfafa dalibai su koyi ba kawai ayyukan soja da dabarun ba har ma da wasu batutuwa iri-iri, kuma don yin haka an kawo farfesa farar hula daga wasu jami'o'i don ba da laccoci ga cadets na soja.

Da yake zaune a Caracas, ya fara shiga cikin ayyukan da ke waje da makarantar soja, yana wasa baseball da softball tare da ƙungiyar *Criollitos na Venezuela*, yana ci gaba tare da su zuwa Gasar Baseball ta Kasa ta Venezuela. Ya kuma rubuta waka, fiction, da wasan kwaikwayo, kuma ya zana. Ya kuma zama mai sha'awar juyin juya halin Marxist Che Guevara (1928-1967) bayan ya karanta littafinsa mai suna The Diary of Che Guevara .  A shekara ta 1974, an zaba shi ya zama wakilin a cikin bikin tunawa da cika shekaru 150 na Yaƙin Ayacucho a Peru, rikici wanda mataimakin Simon Bolívar, Antonio José de Sucre, ya ci sojojin sarauta a lokacin yakin neman 'yancin Peruvian . A Peru, Chávez ya ji shugaban hagu, Janar Juan Velasco Alvarado (1910-1977), yayi magana, kuma ra'ayoyin Velasco sun yi wahayi zuwa gare shi cewa ya kamata sojoji suyi aiki don amfanin ma'aikata lokacin da aka ga masu mulki a matsayin masu cin hanci da rashawa.

## manazarta