Mehrangiz Kar

**Mehrangiz Kar** (Persian; an haife shi 10 ga Oktoba 1944  Ahvaz, Iran), lauyan kare hakkin dan adam ne daga Iran, marubuci ne da aka sani a duniya, mai magana da kuma mai fafutuka wanda ke ba da shawara don kare hakkin mata da na dan adam a Iran da kuma duk faɗin duniyar Islama.  Wani batu na yau da kullun a cikin aikinta shine tashin hankali tsakanin dokar Iran da ka'idodin haƙƙin ɗan adam da mutuncin ɗan adam. Ita ce kuma marubucin littafin Crossing the Red Line, kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata a Iran . An haife ta a shekara ta 1944 a Ahvaz, a kudancin Iran, ta halarci Kwalejin Shari'a da Kimiyya ta Siyasa a Jami'ar Tehran . Bayan kammala karatunta, ta yi aiki ga Sazman-e Ta'min-e Ejtemaii (Institute of Social Security) kuma ta buga labarai sama da 100 kan batutuwan zamantakewa da siyasa.  

Ta kasance daya daga cikin lauyoyin mata na farko da suka yi adawa da musuluntar da alaka tsakanin jinsi bayan juyin juya halin Iran na 1979. Kar ta kasance mai kare hakkin jama'a a kotunan farar hula da na laifuka ta Iran kuma ta yi jawabai da yawa a Iran da kasashen waje, kan batun siyasa, shari'a da sake fasalin tsarin mulki, inganta zamantakewar al'umma da dimokuradiyya, da kuma wargaza matsalolin shari'a ga 'yancin mata da yara.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An kama ta a ranar 29 ga Afrilun 2000, saboda halartar taron ilimi na Berlin kan sake fasalin siyasa da zamantakewa a Iran tare da manyan marubuta da masana Iran. An yi mata shari'a a bayan gida ba tare da wani hakki ga lauya ba, kuma an yanke mata hukuncin daurin shekaru hudu a gidan yari bisa wasu laifuka da suka hada da "ayyukan da suka saba wa tsaron kasa" da kuma "take ka'idojin addinin Musulunci".

An bayar da belin ta kafin a je a yi mata shari’a kan yanayin lafiyarta sannan ta tafi Amurka don jinyar cutar kansar nono. Mijinta, Siamak Pourzand, wanda shi ma ya kasance mai sukar gwamnatin, ya bace bayan ta tafi, kuma Mehrangiz ta fuskanci matsin lamba daga Teheran don ta yi shiru. Ta yi yunƙurin samun bayanai game da mijinta ta hannun hukumomin hukuma da ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, da ita da ’ya’yanta Leila da roƙon Azadeh ga gidajen rediyo da talbijin na ƙasashen waje bai yi nasara ba. An gano Mr. Pourzand a gidan yari na Jamhuriyar Musulunci 'yan makonni bayan bacewarsa, ana tuhumarsa da laifin leken asiri da kuma cutar da tsaron kasar. Kotun Jarida ta Tehran ta yanke masa hukuncin daurin shekaru 8 a gidan yari a ranar 3 ga Mayu, 2002. A cikin wucin gadi, a ranar 8 ga Janairu, 2002, an rage hukuncin karshe na Mehrangiz Kar zuwa gidan yari na watanni shida.

Ta kasance malami a Cibiyar Nazarin Duniya ta Woodrow Wilson da kuma Reagan-Fascell Democracy Fellow na National Endowment for Democracy's International Forum for Democratic Studies. 

Kar ta kasance Radcliffe Fellow a Jami'ar Harvard kuma a cikin shekara ta 2005/06 ta kasance a Cibiyar Carr don Manufofin 'Yancin Dan Adam a Makarantar Gwamnati ta John F. Kennedy ta Harvard. 

Har ila yau, an gane ta a matsayin Malami a Haɗari ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar jami'o'i da kwalejoji na duniya da ke aiki don inganta 'yancin ilimi da kuma kare haƙƙin ɗan adam na masana a duk duniya. A halin yanzu tana aiki a Cibiyar Koyarwa da Bincike akan Mata ta Pembroke a Jami'ar Brown. Ita ce kuma mai koyar da kwasa-kwasan yancin mata a Iran a Tavaana: Cibiyar Ilimi ta E-Learning for Iranian Civil Society. 

A shekara ta 2002, Uwargidan Shugaban Amurka, Laura Bush, ta ba ta lambar yabo ta National Endowment for Democracy's Democracy.

Ita ce gwauruwar Siamak Pourzand, ɗan'uwan Iran mai adawa da kuma tsohon fursuna na lamiri  wanda ya kashe kansa a ranar 29 ga Afrilu 2011, bayan dogon lokaci na azabtarwa da ɗaurin kurkuku. 

## Bayanan littattafai

* Yara na Jiki: Matsayi na Jama'a da Shari'a na Yara na Iyaye masu Jiki, Iran, 1990.
* *Neman ainihi: Hoton Mata na Iran a Tarihi da Tarihi*,
* Angel of Justice da Patches of Hell, tarin rubutun kan matsayin da matsayin mata a cikin Iran kafin da bayan juyin juya hali.
* *Mata a Kasuwar Aiki ta Iran*, 1994
* *Tsarin Shari'a na Tsarin Iyali a Iran.*
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## Kyaututtuka da girmamawa

* 2004 Mai karɓar kyautar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta shekara-shekara ta farko (tsohon Kwamitin Lauyoyi don' Yancin Dan Adam) Kyautar' Yancin Mutum
* 2002 Ludovic-Trarieux International Human Rights Prize (Faransa) ga lauya da ke aiki don inganta haƙƙin ɗan adam na mata, wanda Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Bar ta Bordeaux da Tarayyar Lauyoyi ta Turai suka ba da gudummawa. 
* 2002 Kyautar Dimokuradiyya ta National Endowment for Democracy (Amurka), don inganta haƙƙin ɗan adam da dimokuradiyya.
* 2002 Hellman / Hammett Grant daga Human Rights Watch (International) don marubucin da ke da niyyar tsanantawa ta siyasa.
* 2001 Vasyl Stus Freedom-to-Write Award of PEN New England (Massachusetts, Amurka), ga marubuciya wacce ta yi gwagwarmaya a fuskar zalunci da zalunci don jin muryarta.
* 2000 Oxfam Novib / PEN Award of PEN Clube (Netherlands), ga marubutan da suka rasa 'yancinsu saboda dalilai na siyasa da akidar.
* 2000 Kyautar Donna Dell'anno ta Conseil De Lavallee Consiglio Regionale Della Valle D"aosta (Italiya), don juriya a cikin gwagwarmayar 'yanci da kare' yancin mata.
* 2000 Kyautar Latifeh Yarshater ta Society for Iranian Studies (Amurka), don littafi mafi kyau game da matan Iran.
* 1975 Forough Faroukhzad Award (Iran), don mafi kyawun labarin.

## Dubi kuma

* Shirin Ebadi
* Bibi Khatoon Astarabadi
* Mata na Iran
* Jerin shahararrun matan Farisa

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje

* Shafin yanar gizon Kar 
* Tattaunawar shari'a ta Kar a Farisa 
* Bayanan Mehrangiz Kar a Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Gabas ta Tsakiya ta WashingtonCibiyar Washington don Manufofin Gabas ta Tsakiya
* iranwire.com/en/category/blogs/mehrangiz-kar" id="mwAUY" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Labarin labarai: Mehrangiz Kar a iranwire.com