Scott F. Gilbert

**Scott Frederick Gilbert** (an Haife shi a shekara ta Alif 1949) masanin ilimin halittu ne na kasar  Amurka kuma masanin tarihin ilmin halitta.

Scott Gilbert shi ne Howard A. Schneiderman Farfesa na Biology ( *emeritus* ) a Kwalejin Swarthmore da Farfesa Farfesa na Finland ( *emeritus* ) a Jami'ar Helsinki.

## Ilimi

Ya sami BA a fannin ilmin halitta da addini a Jami'ar Wesleyan (1971). A cikin 1976, ya sami MA (tarihin kimiyya, a ƙarƙashin ikon Donna Haraway ) da PhD (biology, a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na Barbara Migeon ) daga Jami'ar Johns Hopkins .  Ayyukansa na digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Wisconsin-Madison, ya binciko bincike game da haɗin gwiwar ribosome a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na Masayasu Nomura (1976-1978) da kuma bincikar rigakafi na ci gaba a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na Robert Auerbach (1978-1980). 

## Aikin ilimi
Gilbert shine marubucin littafin *Ilimin Halittu na Ci gaba* (bugu na farko, 1985, kuma yanzu a cikin bugu na 12th, 2019) kuma ya yi haɗin gwiwa (tare da David Epel ) littafin karatun *Ecological Developmental Biology* (2009, 2015). An ɗora shi da taimakawa wajen ƙaddamar da ilimin halitta na haɓakar juyin halitta da ilimin halitta na ci gaban muhalli a matsayin sabbin ilimin halittu.    

Binciken ilimin halitta na farko na Gilbert ya haɗa da rubuta bayanan RNA na farko na pyrimidine,  yana bayyana hanyoyin da ƙwayoyin rigakafi ke hana cutar shan inna,  da kuma nazarin matsayin abubuwan paracrine a cikin reshen koda da huhu.   Bayan haɗin gwiwar rubuta takarda ta farko a cikin ilimin halittar ci gaban juyin halitta,  ya ƙaddamar da wani aiki akan haɓaka harsashi na kunkuru. Tare da mai haɗin gwiwa Judith Cebra-Thomas, Gilbert ya bayyana matsayin abubuwan da ke tattare da paracrine da yawa da ke tattare da haɓakar carapace kuma ya yanke shawarar da ba zato ba tsammani cewa plastron ya samo asali ne daga ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi na jiki . Nazarin na ƙarshe ya haifar da hasashen cewa kunkuru ya samo asali ta hanyar tantance nau'ikan tantanin halitta.   Binciken da ya yi na baya-bayan nan ya shafi ci gaban holobiont da mahimmancin filastik da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a lokacin ci gaban dabba na al'ada.   Ya yi jayayya cewa holobiont wani muhimmin sashi ne na zaɓin juyin halitta . 

Binciken Gilbert a cikin tarihi da falsafar ilimin halitta ya shafi hulɗar kwayoyin halitta da ilimin mahaifa ; maganganun mata na ilimin halitta; Antireductionism ; samuwar ilimin halittu; da Bioethics . Wasu daga cikin waɗannan binciken sun rubuta asalin ka'idar jinsin halitta daga rikice-rikice na embryological,   samuwar ilmin kwayoyin halitta da ilmin halitta a matsayin nau'i daban-daban,  mahimmancin ra'ayin mata a matsayin kulawa ta al'ada a cikin tantanin halitta da ci gaba.,   da mahimmancin yanayi a cikin samar da phenotype .    Ayyukansa a cikin hulɗar ilimin halitta da addini sun haɗa da bincike mai zurfi game da abin mamaki,  da kuma nazarin lokacin da ƙungiyoyin masana kimiyya daban-daban suka yi iƙirarin cewa rayuwar mutum ɗaya ta fara.  Ya gano (tare da Ziony Zevit ) kashi wanda aka samar da Hauwa'u daga ciki,  yayi nazari akan hotunan mahaifa a cikin fasahar Gustav Klimt, Diego Rivera, da Frida Kahlo,  kuma ya ba da ɗaya daga cikin nazarin farko na jin daɗin jin dadi . .  Littattafan ilmin halitta sun kasance gwaje-gwaje a cikin hulɗar da ke tsakanin ilmin halitta da sukar zamantakewa.

## Manazarta