Dubul' ibhunu

"***Dubul' ibhunu***" ( []), wanda aka fassara a matsayin **harba Boer**,  **kashe Boer**  ko **kashe manomi**,  waƙar adawa da wariyar launin fata ce ta Afirka ta Kudu. Ana rera shi a cikin Xhosa ko Zulu. Waƙar ta samo asali ne daga gwagwarmayar da ake yi da wariyar launin fata lokacin da aka fara rera ta don nuna rashin amincewa da gwamnatin wariyar launin fatara ta Afirka ta Kudu. Ya sami sabon matsayi bayan 2010 biyo bayan amfani da shi a taron siyasa da African National Congress (ANC) da Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) suka gudanar. 

Kotunan Afirka ta Kudu sun yanke hukuncin cewa wani nau'i ne na maganganun ƙiyayya a cikin 2010,  hukuncin da daga baya aka soke shi a cikin 2022. Magoya bayan waƙar suna ganin shi a matsayin waƙar da ke bayyana wani muhimmin bangare na tarihin Afirka ta Kudu,   wani muhimmin ɓangare ne na maganganun siyasa,  kuma an yi kuskuren ma'anarsa a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan kashe Boers ko manoma. Masu adawa da waƙar suna jayayya cewa ana iya ganinsa yana ɗauke da fassarar zahiri    sabili da haka yana haifar da tashin hankali da magana ta ƙiyayya. Masu sharhi kan zamantakewa da siyasa a Afirka ta Kudu, kamar Jonathan Jansen   da Stephen Grootes,  sun lura da ikon waƙar don kara rarrabuwar launin fata a cikin Afirka ta Kudu  da kuma rikice-rikice, yayin da suke ƙarfafa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi a kowane bangare na siyasar kasar.  

## Fassara
Boers, wani rukuni na Afrikaners, su ne zuriyar Free Burghers masu magana da Yaren mutanen Holland na iyakar gabashin Cape a kudancin Afirka waɗanda suka yi ƙaura zuwa sauran abin da zai zama Afirka ta Kudu a lokacin Babban Trek. Kalmar *Boer* kuma tana nufin 'manomi' a cikin harshen Afrikaans  kuma, dangane da mahallin, sau da yawa kalma ce mai banƙyama ga Afrikaner lokacin da wadanda ba 'yan Afirka ba suka yi amfani da su. 

Dangane da fassarar, waƙar na iya komawa ga tsarin hukumomi kamar Jam'iyyar Kasa (NP), ko kuma takamaiman kungiyoyin mutane kamar mambobin 'Yan sanda na Afirka ta Kudu (wanda aka fi sani da *Boers*), sojojin Afirka ta Kudu a lokacin wariyar launin fata,   : 14 ko ga takamaiman kabilanci ko launin fata gabaɗaya.: 233 

Sa'an nan kuma Sakatare Janar na African National Congress (ANC) Gwede Mantashe ya bayyana cewa fassarar *dubul' ibhunu* a matsayin 'kashe Boer, kashe Manomi' suna fahimtar wani "mai sauka" waƙar da "ta haifar da rikici" kuma cewa ya kamata a fassara waƙar a cikin mahallin gwagwarmayar da ake yi da wariyar launin fata kamar yadda yake magana akan tsarin.[es]

## Tarihi
Waƙar ta samo asali ne a duk faɗin siyasar adawa da wariyar launin fata ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma ANC da Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) sun yi amfani da ita. Ya riga ya fara rawa na zanga-zangar toyi-toyi.[1](p333)

Ɗaya daga cikin bayanan farko da aka rubuta na "Dubul' ibhunu" ya kasance a lokacin Delmas Treason Trial a shekarar 1985. An gabatar da waƙar a matsayin shaida a lokacin shari'ar inda mai gabatar da kara ya yi ƙoƙari ya haɗa waɗanda ake tuhuma da waƙar kuma ta haka ne ya tabbatar da mummunan niyya. Mai kare ya sami damar karyata ma'anar cewa wanda ake tuhuma ya yi aiki tare da mens rea lokacin da aka tabbatar da cewa ba su kasance ba yayin waƙarsa.[1](p284–287).

A lokacin sauraron Hukumar Gaskiya da Sulhu, Ntuthuko Chuene ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya kashe Godfrey Frederick Lanz Heuer a gonarsa a watan Agustan 1992 saboda "kashe Boer, kashe manomi" ya rinjaye shi a taron ANC.  An yanke Chuene hukunci saboda kisan Heuer kuma ya nemi gafara ga abin da ya yi jayayya cewa kisan siyasa ne. Matar Heuer ta ki ba ta izinin ba da afuwa ga Chuene, tana jayayya cewa aikin Chuene laifi ne don motsawa maimakon siyasa.

Mai fafutukar adawa da wariyar launin fata kuma ɗan siyasa Peter Mokaba ya raira waƙar a wani taron tunawa da 1993 ga shugaban adawa da launin fata Chris Hani wanda aka kashe kwanan nan. Lokacin da aka yi a zaben dimokuradiyya na farko a Afirka ta gudu a shekarar 1994 da kuma canja wurin iko daga gwamnatin fararen fata ya kasance sanannen lokaci na rashin kwanciyar hankali ga Afirka ta Kudu wanda aka nuna da tsoron yiwuwar yaduwar tashin hankali na launin fata. An ji tsoron cewa kisan Chris Hani na iya haifar da irin wannan tashin hankali da rikice-rikicen siyasa. Wannan ya yi daidai da Operation Great Storm, wani tashin hankali na soja wanda Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA) ya kaddamar, reshen makamai na PAC, da nufin kawar da fararen manoma don dawo da ƙasa ga baƙar fata na Afirka.   &#x5B;**&#x5D;

A jana'izar Mokaba a shekara ta 2002 taron jama'a sun raira waƙar yayin da shugabannin ANC suka halarta.

A ranar 21 ga Mayu, 2025, a lokacin taron manema labarai a Ofishin Oval, Shugaban Amurka Donald Trump ya buga bidiyon da ke nuna Julius Malema, shugaban 'yancin 'yancin tattalin arziki, yana rera "Kill the Boer, kill the manomi" da kuma "Shoot the manomi - brrr pow!" a wani taron siyasa. Trump, wanda ke zaune kusa da Shugaban Afirka ta Kudu Cyril Ramaphosa, ya gabatar da hoton a matsayin shaida don tallafawa da'awar "kisan kare dangi" da ke faruwa a Afirka ta Kudu. Shugaba Ramaphosa ya karyata zarge-zargen, yana mai bayyana cewa irin waɗannan waƙoƙin ba su nuna manufofin gwamnati ba kuma tashin hankali a Afirka ta Kudu yana shafar dukkan al'ummomi. Ya sake tabbatar da jajircewar gwamnatinsa ga tsaron jama'a da rashin wariyar launin fata.

## Rikici
Waƙar tana da rikice-rikice a bayan wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu,  inda ta sami farfadowa,  wanda ya fi shahara da jagoran kungiyar matasa ta African National Congress (ANCLY) na lokacin, daga baya shugaban EFF, Julius Malema  sannan kuma Shugaban Afirka ta Kudu Jacob Zuma. Waƙar, tare da taken "Mutum ɗaya, harsashi ɗaya", galibi ana danganta shi da abin da ya faru na Hare-haren gona a Afirka ta Kudu.: 14 An kwatanta martani na jama'a ga waƙar da martani na Jama'a ga wakar harshen Zulu mai adawa da Indiya AmaNdiya . 

Malema ya fara raira waƙar ne yayin jawabin da yake ba da shi, a matsayinsa na Shugaban ANCLY, a Jami'ar Johannesburg a cikin 2010; inda ya raira waƙa a cikin mahallin jinkirin ƙuduri na Afirka ta Kudu bayan 1994 game da matsalar rashin daidaito na mallakar ƙasa tare da layin launin fata. Makonni huɗu bayan Malema ta 2010 ta raira waƙar an kashe shugaban  (wani bangare na dama na Afrikaner nationalist), Eugène Terre'Blanche, a gonarsa. Bayan wadannan abubuwan da suka faru kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Afrikaner AfriForum ta bude shari'a a kan Malema tana zargin cewa amfani da waƙar ya haifar da tashin hankali na launin fata da maganganun ƙiyayya.: 333 

A taron cika shekaru 10 na EFF a 2023, Malema (yanzu a matsayin shugaban EFF) ya sake raira waƙar ga magoya bayan 90,000  a Filin wasa na FNB.  Lamarin ya sami tallace-tallace na kasa da kasa tare da Elon Musk yana sukar Malema a kan Twitter don raira waƙar, yana zarginsa da "tabbatar da kisan kare dangi na fararen fata a Afirka ta Kudu".   Malema daga baya ya amsa a kan Twitter yana mai cewa  ("Kana magana da shit").  Bayan taron EFF na 2023 Afriforum ya bayyana cewa waƙar, bisa ga shaidar Amanda Platt, masu aikata laifin ne suka rera ta yayin wani mummunan hari a gonar da aka kai wa Tim da Amanda Platt a KwaZulu-Natal; inda suka ambaci lamarin a matsayin shaida game da niyyar waƙar ta zahiri da tashin hankali. 

Jam'iyyar siyasa ta adawa ta Afirka ta Kudu, Democratic Alliance, ta bayyana cewa za ta shigar da korafi tare da Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya  yayin da Freedom Front Plus ta bude shari'ar tsoratarwa.  Malema daga baya ya musanta zargin, yana mai ambaton hukuncin da Alkalin Molahlehi ya yanke a 2022 cewa za a fassara waƙar a cikin mahallin siyasa don haka ba za a ɗauka a zahiri ba. Malema ya kuma bayyana cewa shi da EFF za su ci gaba da raira waƙar.

Kungiyar Anti-Defamation League ta ba da sanarwa da ke nuna cewa duk da asalinsa, ana iya fassara kalmomin da ba su dace ba a matsayin kira ga tashin hankali kuma ana roƙon su guji kiran maganganun da suka haɗa da barazanar tashin hankali.

A watan Maris na shekara ta 2025 Elon Musk ya sanya bidiyon ga X na Julius Malema yana raira "Dubul' ibhunu" tare da rubutun da ke nuna fushinsa ga "babban jam'iyyar siyasa ... wanda ke inganta kisan kare dangi". &nbsp;Shugaban Amurka Donald Trump ya sake gabatar da sharhin Musk game da nasa Gaskiyar Jama'a tare da nasa la'akari da waƙar da kuma buƙatar cewa gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu "ta kare Afrikaner da sauran 'yan tsiraru marasa kyau" tare da gayyatar Afrikaners su yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka. A wani lokaci a ranar 14 ga Mayu 2025, X's chatbot Grok ba zato ba tsammani ya fara ambaton "Kill the Boer" da fararen kisan kare dangi don mayar da martani ga batutuwan da ba su da alaƙa, masu rikitarwa. An gyara batun daga baya a wannan rana.

### Shawarwarin Shari'a
Waƙar ta kasance batun shari'o'in kotu da yawa da ke neman tantance ko waƙar wani nau'i ne na maganganun ƙiyayya, wanda Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Afirka ta Kudu ba ya kare shi don haka laifi ne a bayyana shi, ko kuma idan wani nau'in 'yancin magana ne wanda kundin tsarin mulki ke karewa.

#### Hukuncin Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na 2003
Bayan korafi daga Freedom Front Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Afirka ta Kudu (SAHRC) ta yanke hukuncin cewa waƙar ta zama maganganun ƙiyayya a cikin mahallin bayan wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu da ke neman sulhu.

#### Hukuncin Kotun Koli ta Arewacin Gauteng na 2010
A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2010 Babban Kotun Arewacin Gauteng  ta hana kuma ta hana Julius Malema yin faɗar kalmomin waƙar a fili har sai Kotun Daidaitawa ta yanke hukunci inda aka riga an shigar da korafi game da waƙar.

#### Hukuncin Kotun Daidaitawa na 2011
A watan Satumbar 2011, Kotun Daidaitawa a Babban Kotun Gauteng ta Kudu ta yanke hukuncin cewa waƙar tana nuna bambanci, mai cutarwa, ta lalata mutuncin Afrikaners, kuma ta haka ne ya zama maganganun ƙiyayya;  kuma cewa "firma facie ya gamsar da laifin tayar da kisan kai".  Kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa an hana Julius Malema, wanda aka kawo gaban kotun saboda ya raira waƙar a taron, ya rera shi a nan gaba. Bayan hukuncin Malema ya canza kalmomin waƙar zuwa "Kiss the Boer" kuma ya raira waƙa a maimakon haka - duk da haka, ana iya jayayya cewa har yanzu yana da tasirin tunani iri ɗaya kamar na asali, saboda sanannen mahallin da aka canza kalmomin. A shekara mai zuwa, ANC ta bayyana cewa ba za su sake raira waƙar ba.

#### Hukuncin Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na 2019
SAHRC ta wanke Malema a kan asusun biyar na maganganun ƙiyayya ga White da Indiyawan Afirka ta Kudu, ɗaya daga cikin tuhumar shine don raira waƙar "Kiss the boer" na "Dubul' ibhunu". SAHRC ta gano cewa kodayake maganganun Malema "har yanzu suna da matsala a gare mu a cikin al'ummar dimokuradiyya da ke da alhakin warkar da rarrabuwa"  zargin da aka kawo masa ƙoƙari ne na murkushe "rashin amincewa da muhawara". A watan Yulin 2023 Babban Kotun Johannesburg ta ware binciken SAHRC na 2019, ta yanke hukuncin cewa SAHRC ta yi aiki a waje da umarnin ta a cikin binciken da ta yi game da maganganun ƙiyayya.

#### Hukuncin Kotun Koli ta Johannesburg na 2022
Malema, yanzu shugaban EFF, ya sake bayyana a kotu a 2022 saboda zargin raira waƙar a cikin wata shari'ar da Afriforum ta kawo inda aka yi muhawara game da ko waƙar magana ce ta ƙiyayya. Babban Kotun Johannesburg ta yanke hukuncin cewa ba a yi niyyar ɗaukar waƙar da waƙar da muhimmanci ba; cewa Afriforum ya kasa kafa alaƙar da ke tsakanin waƙar da tashin hankali; cewa ambaton Boer a zahiri bai koma ga mutanen White ko Afrikaans ba; cewa waƙar ba ta haifar da ƙiyayya ga mutanen White gaba ɗaya ba; kuma ta yanke hukuncin waƙar ba magana ce ta ƙiyayya ba. Afriforum ya daukaka kara game da yanke shawara kuma a cikin 2024 Kotun Koli ta Daukaka Kara ta tabbatar da hukuncin Kotun Koci cewa waƙar, kamar yadda aka rera a lokacin Abubuwan da suka faru na Senekal, ba magana ce ta ƙiyayya ba.

## Rubutacciyar waƙa

## Bayanan da aka ambata