open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Domà Nunch

**Domà Nunch** ('mu kaɗai' a Lombard) ƙungiya ce ta zamantakewa mai ra'ayin kare muhalli wadda ta kasance mai fafutuka a ƙarƙashin nau'o'i daban-daban a Insubria, a kan iyakar Italiya da Switzerland, tsakanin 2005 da 2020.

## Ƙungiyar
An kafa Domà Nunch a shekara ta 2005 a matsayin wani aiki na *ƙungiyar Movement Spiritual Riformaa di Nativ d'Insubria* ( *Reformed Spiritual Movement of Insubria's Natives* ), wadda Lorenzo Banfi ya ƙirƙira a baya a shekara ta 2003,  tana sabuntawa da sake fitar da *El Dragh Bloeu* (The Blue Dragon), wanda daga baya ya zama mujallar hukuma ta sabuwar ƙungiyar. Lorenzo Banfi, masanin harshe kuma marubuci, ya jagoranci Domà Nunch a matsayin shugaba da zarar ƙungiyar ta faɗaɗa a shekara ta 2007. Domà Nunch ta yi imani da ikon kai da 'yancin kai na Insubria a matsayin hanyar kiyaye gado, tarihi, harshe da muhallin yankin.  Hakanan yana haɓaka sake haɗa sassan Insubria da ke raba tsakanin Lombardy, Piedmont, da Switzerland . Duk da haka, Domà Nunch bai taɓa bayyana kansa ko iyakance kansa a matsayin memba na yankin siyasa mai zaman kanta na gargajiya ba, maimakon haka ya bayyana a matsayin ƙungiyar "ƙasa". 

Domà Nunch ta yi adawa da gina birane da kuma gina filaye. Musamman ma, membobinsu sun yi adawa da sabbin ayyukan manyan hanyoyi, kamar *Pedemontana Lombarda* da Majalisar Yankin Lombardy ta gabatar.  Haka kuma, Domà Nunch ta yi niyyar ci gaba da biyan haraji a yankin Insubria domin sake kwace filayen. Haɗin gwiwa na ɗan lokaci ya haifar da haɗa ayyukan Domà Nunch da manyan ƙungiyoyin kare muhalli, kamar WWF, Italia Nostra, Fondo per l'Ambiente Italiano   da Legambiente .

* *Ranar Ƙasa ta Insubria*, kowace 5 ga Satumba, bisa ga ranar da aka kafa Duchy na Milan ;
* Tunawa da bala'in ICMESA a Seveso ;
* *Taron gaggawa kan muhalli a Insubria*, a shekarar 2007, Uboldo ;
* *Taron Tattaunawa Kan Harshen Milanese*, a shekarar 2007, Nerviano, wanda manyan ƙungiyoyin harsuna na yankin suka halarta;
* Taron *Olona: Kwarin da ke kan hanyarsa ta Crossroad*, a shekarar 2008, Gorla Minore ;
* *Olona: A Valley Festival* a 2008;
* Zanga-zangar tituna don adawa da aikin A36 (Autostrada Pedemontana Lombarda), a shekarar 2009 da 2010.

## Manazarta
Coastwatch Turai

**Coastwatch Europe** ƙungiya ce ta sa-kai wadda ke sa ido kan yanayin bakin teku da dausayi na ƙasashen Turai da dama, tana fafutukar inganta manufofin muhalli da kuma aiwatar da dokokin muhalli da ake da su, kuma tana shirya tarurrukan bayanai da tarurrukan karawa juna sani na jama'a. Faɗin ayyukan ƙungiyoyin masu lura da bakin teku a ƙasashe daban-daban ya bambanta, amma duk ƙasashe mambobi suna shiga cikin Binciken Coastwatch na shekara-shekara game da shara da gurɓataccen ruwa a bakin teku. Binciken Coastwatch a Ireland ya ba da kyakkyawan ra'ayi game da harajin jakar filastik cikin shekara guda da gabatar da shi  kuma adadin jakunkunan filastik a kowace kilomita ya ci gaba da raguwa zuwa ƙasa da kashi 10% na matakan 2001.

Karin Dubsky, mai kula da harkokin ƙasashen duniya a yankin Coastwatch na Turai, ita ce mai kula da harkokin ƙasashen duniya.

## Tarihi
Coastwatch Europe ya fara ne a matsayin Dublin Bay Environment Group, wanda ya zama Irish Coastal Environment Group yayin da aka rufe ƙarin batutuwa na ƙasa bisa ga ajandarsu, sannan Coastwatch Europe, yayin da masu sa kai suka kafa hanyoyin sadarwa a wasu ƙasashe don shirya shiga cikin binciken shara da gurɓataccen yanayi na duniya.

## Manazarta
Patrick McCarthy (ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Australiya)

**Patrick "Pirren" McCarthy** (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1992)  ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Australiya wanda a baya yake cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Australiya.

## Ayyuka
McCarthy yana taka leda da farko a matsayin mai tsaron gida. Asalinsa daga Kudancin Australia, McCarthy ya halarci kuma ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na makaranta a Kwalejin Zuciya Mai Tsarki a Somerton Park. Ya taka leda a karkashin shekaru 18 da kuma ajiyar kwallon kafa ga Glenelg Football Club a cikin SANFL har zuwa kakar 2010, kuma ya wakilci Kudancin Australia a gasar zakarun AFL na kasa da shekaru 18, inda aka zaba shi a matsayin mai tsaron gida a cikin kungiyar 'yan kasa da shekaru 18 ta Australia.

Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Carlton ce ta dauki McCarthy tare da zabin zagaye na biyu a cikin 2010 AFL National Draft (No. 34 gaba ɗaya). An ba shi lambar Guernsey 24.[1] Ya buga wasanni uku tare da Carlton, yana wasa mafi yawa ga ƙungiyar VFL, Northern Bullants / Blues. Ya buga wasan sa na farko na AFL a zagaye na karshe na kakar 2012.[2]

An cire McCarthy a ƙarshen kakar 2013. Ya koma buga wa Glenelg wasa a shekarar 2014. 

## Manazarta
Jeff Ellis (masanin kimiyya na shuke-shuke)

**Jeffrey Graham (Jeff) Ellis** FRS FAA (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Mayu 1953 a Adelaide) masanin kimiyyar shuke-shuke ne na Australiya, kuma Shugaban Shirin a CSIRO Plant Industry . 

## Rayuwa
Ya sami BAgSc a 1976, da PhD a 1981, daga Jami'ar Adelaide .  A shekara ta 1984, a matsayin Masanin Kimiyya na Bincike a Masana'antar Tsire-tsire ta CSIRO, ya yi aiki a kan gano abubuwan sarrafawa a cikin masu gabatar da kwayar halitta ta masara mai mai barasa dehydrogenase da *Kwayar cuta* Agrobacterium T-DNA octopine synthase. Ellis da ƙungiyar bincikensa sun kasance daga cikin na farko da suka kwace kuma suka nuna kwayoyin halittar tsayayya da cututtukan shuke-shuke.

## Manazarta
Mike Elliott (ɗan siyasa)

**Michael John Elliott** (an haife shi a ranar 29 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1952) tsohon dan siyasa ne na Australiya. Ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat ta Australiya na Majalisar Dokokin Australiya ta Kudu daga 1985 har zuwa 1993 kuma daga 1994 har zuwa 2002, kuma ya kasance shugaban jam'iyyar daga 1994 zuwa 2002.

Elliott ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Adelaide tare da digiri na farko na Kimiyya, kuma daga baya ta sami Digiri na Koyarwa. A shekara ta 1985 an zabe shi a Majalisar Dokokin Kudancin Australia a matsayin dan jam'iyyar Democrat, bayan ya lashe matsayi na farko a tikitin jam'iyyar a cikin takaddamar da aka yi tsakanin bangarorin hagu da dama na jam'iyyar. A shekara ta 1987, ya gabatar da lissafin da ya ci nasara wanda ya hana tallace-tallace na sigari a Kudancin Australia. Ya yi murabus a 1993 a cikin yunkurin da bai yi nasara ba na sauyawa zuwa kujerar Majalisar Dokoki ta Davenport a Zaben jihar na 1993 amma an sake nada shi a 1994 a kan murabus din Ian Gilfillan, yana aiki har sai da ya yi ritaya a 2002. Daga baya aka nada shi darektan shirin hadin gwiwar Arewacin Adelaide na Jami'ar Kudancin Australia.

## Manazarta
Brian Elliott (marubuci)

**Brian Robinson Elliott** AM FAHA (11 ga Afrilu 1910 - 29 ga Agusta 1991)  marubuci ne kuma masanin kimiyya a Adelaide, Kudancin Australia, an yaba shi a matsayin masanin kimiyya na farko da ya ɗauki wallafe-wallafen Australiya a matsayin filin da ya cancanci karatu. 

## Ayyuka
An haifi Elliott a Adelaide, ƙaramin ɗan Arthur J. Elliott na Parkside, Kudancin Australia. Ya yi karatu a Victor Harbour kuma ya yi karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Unley .  Ya sami BA a Turanci da Faransanci a Jami'ar Adelaide a 1932. Ya shiga cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na amateur a matsayin furodusa, tare da Players' Guild  da WEA Little Theatre. 

Elliott ya koyar da Turanci a manyan makarantun sakandare guda biyu  sama da shekaru shida, a wannan lokacin an karɓi rubutunsa don cancanta a matsayin Master of Arts . An nada shi mataimakin wucin gadi a Turanci a Jami'ar Western Australia a shekarar 1938. 

An nada Elliott a matsayin malami a Turanci a Jami'ar Adelaide a shekara ta 1941. An nada shi mai karatu a cikin wallafe-wallafen Australiya a 1961, mukamin da ya rike har zuwa 1975.

An san shi ne mai sukar farko da ya yi zargin takardun Ern Malley na zama yaudara  kuma an kira shi a matsayin gwani mai shaida a cikin shari'ar. 

Taswirar amma Ba a sani ba: The Australian Landscape of the Imagination an tattara shi ne ta hanyar P. Robin Eaden da F. H. "Tim" Mares da aka gabatar wa Elliott a ranar 11 ga Afrilu 1985, yana nuna ranar haihuwarsa ta 75, wanda aka buga a 1986. 

## Daraja da karbuwa
Elliott ya kasance Gidauniyar Gidauniya ta Kwalejin Humanities ta Australiya. An gabatar da shi da lambar yabo ta girmamawa, Doctor na Jami'ar Adelaide, bayan ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 1975. A cikin 1976 Australia Day Honours an nada shi memba na Order of Australia.

## Ayyuka

* *James Hardy Vaux* (rubutun 1944) 
* Leviathan's Inch (littafin 1946) 
* Raira waƙa ga shanu (rubutun 1947) 
* Coast zuwa Coast (ed., 1948) 
* *Marcus Clarke* (biography na 1958) 
* *Yanayin Waƙoƙin Australiya* (rashin amincewa da 1967) 
* Bards in the Wilderness (ed., 1970) 
* *Adam Lindsay Gordon* (an buga shi, 1973) 
* Jindyworobaks (ed., 1979) 

## Manazarta
Aaranyak

**Aaranyak** babbar ƙungiya ce ta kare muhalli  da ke Guwahati .  Bibhab Kumar Talukdar ne ya kafa ta. Ita ƙungiya ce ta kimiyya, bincike a masana'antu da kuma ƙungiyar kare muhalli ta gaba a Indiya .   Tana aiki a duk faɗin yankin gabashin Himalayan kan kiyaye yanayi, kula da albarkatun ƙasa, sauyin yanayi, kula da bala'o'i da haɓaka rayuwa ga al'ummomin da aka ware ta hanyar bincike, ilimi da kuma fafutukar kare muhalli . 

Ƙungiyar ta ce manufarta ita ce ta haɓaka kiyaye bambancin halittu a Arewa maso Gabashin Indiya ta hanyar bincike, ilimin muhalli, gina ƙarfin aiki da kuma fafutukar yin kwaskwarima ga dokoki da manufofi don kawo sabon zamani na tsaron muhalli . 

## Tarihi

An kafa Aaranyak a ranar 9 ga Satumba 1989 a Guwahati. &#x5B; ** &#x5D; Aaranyak ya faɗaɗa ikonsa na haɗa da bincike mai amfani, ayyukan kiyayewa, ilimin muhalli, da gina ƙarfin aiki ga al'ummomin da suka dogara da gandun daji don haɓaka rayuwa mai ɗorewa. 

## Littattafai daga Aaranyak

## Manazarta
Wild Asia

**Yankin Wild Asia** wani kamfani ne na zamantakewa, wanda hedikwatarsa ke Kuala Lumpur, yana mai da hankali kan kiyaye yankunan halitta da tallafawa al'ummomin da suka dogara da albarkatun ƙasa.

Ɗaya daga cikin shirye-shiryen Wild Asia shine Kyautar Yawon Bude Ido ta Wild Asia Responsible Tourism Awards, wacce, kowace shekara tun daga 2006, ke karrama fitattun jaruman da ke Asiya a fannin tafiye-tafiye, kuma ta kasance ita ce kawai shirin bayar da kyaututtuka na yanki don tafiye-tafiye masu alhaki. Kyautar ta dogara ne akan ka'idojin Majalisar Yawon Bude Ido ta Duniya.  Kyautar Yawon Bude Ido ta Responsible Tourism wani ɓangare ne na Shirin Yawon Bude Ido ta Wild Asia Responsible Tourism Awards.

Wani muhimmin shiri kuma shine Shirin Man Jafananci, wanda shine mafi dadewa a yankin Wild Asia. Wild Asia yana samun hanyoyin fasaha don haɓaka dorewa a duk faɗin sarkar samar da man ja. Wild Asia yana tallafawa manyan ƙungiyoyi da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi, gami da ƙananan manoma, don biyan buƙatun masu siye ko Ka'idojin Ƙasa da Ƙasa, galibi Sustainable Palm Oil, RSPO . Sun gina ƙwarewar masu samar da man ja a Malaysia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Cameroon da Ghana . Tun daga shekarar 2008, Wild Asia ta kammala ayyuka 92 kuma ta horar da ƙwararru da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu sama da 2,019.   Manyan ayyuka sun haɗa da Kimanta Haɗarin "Sarkar Samarwa" ga Cargill (Malaysia), HSBC (Malaysia), Mitsui Corporation (Japan) da Nestle (Malaysia).  

Yankin Daji na Asiya yana aiki a wasu yankunan muhalli kamar kiyaye tsibirai da teku da bambancin halittu a fannin samar da kayayyaki da kuma yawon bude ido mai alhaki. Wasu daga cikin manyan ayyukan da suke yi sun hada da samar da bincike, bita kan takwarorinsu da sauran kayan fasaha kan ayyuka daban-daban, taimaka wa 'yan kasuwa ta hanyar ba da shawara, bincike da horarwa don aiwatar da ka'idojin dorewa na duniya kamar RSPO da kuma samar da bita na horo don ƙarfafa wayar da kan jama'a game da tasirin muhalli da zamantakewa ga manajojin kasuwanci da kamfanoni. 

## Manazarta
Adam Elshaug

**Adam Elshaug** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1974) farfesa ne a fannin ilimi na Australiya kuma Shugaban Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya a Jami'ar Melbourne .  Binciken nasa ya haɗa da aminci da ingancin tsarin kiwon lafiya, tare da mai da hankali kan auna da rage sharar gida da kulawa mai ƙarancin ƙima don inganta darajar a cikin isar da kiwon lafiya.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haife shi a Dutsen Gambier, Kudancin Australia, Elshaug ya sami BA a cikin Psychology da Sociology daga Jami'ar Kudancin Ostiraliya. Ya ci gaba da halartar Jami'ar Adelaide, kuma ya sami BSc.  (Hons) a cikin Physiology da kuma Master of Public Health . Daga nan ya sami digirinsa na PhD a fannin tattalin arziki da manufofi na kiwon lafiya kuma daga Jami'ar Adelaide a shekara ta 2007.

## Ayyuka
A shekara ta 2010, an zabi Elshaug a matsayin Asusun Harkness Fellow na Commonwealth a cikin Manufofin Kula da Lafiya da Ayyuka a Hukumar Kula da Lafiyar Lafiyar da Inganci.

Elshaug ya koma Ostiraliya a cikin 2013 kuma ya zama Shugaban Daraja a Sashen Kula da Lafiya (Lab) da Mataimakin Farfesa na Manufofin Kiwon Lafiya, kuma an ba shi kyautar HCF Research Foundation Principal Research Fellowship, a Cibiyar Menzies don Manufofin Kiwo a Jami'ar Sydney .  A shekara ta 2016, an nada shi Farfesa kuma ya zama codirectora na Cibiyar Menzies don Manufofin Lafiya a Jami'ar Sydney.

## Bincike da bayar da shawarwari
Binciken Elshaug yana mai da hankali kan inganta aminci da inganci a cikin tsarin kiwon lafiya, tare da jaddada auna da rage sharar gida, gami da kulawa mai ƙarancin ƙima, don inganta darajar a cikin kiwon lafiya ta amfani da bayanan kiwon lafiya na gudanarwa. Hanyar amfani da manufofinsa ta haɗa da haɗin gwiwa tare da masu ruwa da tsaki don haɓaka da aiwatar da gyare-gyare da nufin rage sharar gida da haɓaka aminci da darajar kiwon lafiya. Wannan ya haɗa da ƙerawa da kimanta wasu samfuran biyan kuɗi.

## Manazarta
Al'umma da Mutanen Tsibirin Waiheke

**Al'umma da Mutanen Tsibirin Waiheke** ( **CAPOW** ) ƙungiya ce mai haɗin gwiwa da aka kafa a shekarar 2003 wacce ke wakiltar yawancin al'ummar Tsibirin Waiheke, New Zealand, a lokacin takaddama kan shirin sake gina wurin tashar jiragen ruwa na Matiatia . Ƙungiyar ta yi yaƙi da canjin Tsarin Gundumar wanda ya ba da izinin gina babban shagon sayar da kaya a tashar jiragen ruwa,  kuma daga ƙarshe ta yi nasara, tare da hukuncin Kotun Muhalli cewa Majalisar Birnin Auckland ta yi kuskure wajen barin a ba da izinin gina irin wannan girman.

Da wannan nasarar, membobin ƙungiyar da aka haɗa sun kaɗa ƙuri'ar sanya ƙungiyar cikin "yanayin tsaro" tare da kwamitin gudanarwa na riƙo da kuma gidan yanar gizo na aiki, capow.org.nz https://web.archive.org/web/20100524060750/http://capow.org.nz/ . Ƙungiyar tana da jerin membobi masu aiki, don haka ana iya kunna ta ba tare da takaddun doka ba, idan buƙatar ta taso.

## Manazarta
Amincewa da Kayan daji da ke cikin haɗari

Kungiyar Kare Namun Daji **ta Endangered Wildlife Trust** ( **EWT** ) wata kungiya ce mai zaman kanta, wacce ba ta gwamnati ba, wadda ba ta da riba, wadda aka kafa a shekarar 1973, kuma tana da ci gaba a duk fadin kudancin Afirka da gabashin Afirka, tana mai da hankali kan kiyaye nau'ikan halittu da halittu masu barazana ga muhalli. Kungiyar EWT tana aiwatar da shirye-shiryen bincike da kiyayewa, tana aiwatar da ayyukan da ke magance barazanar da nau'ikan halittu ke fuskanta da kuma mazauninsu, da kuma tallafawa dorewar kula da albarkatun kasa.

## Manazarta
Martyn Evans

**Martyn John Evans** (an haife shi 27 Nuwamba 1953 a Birmingham, Ingila), tsohon dan kasar Kudancin Australia ne mai zaman kansa kuma dan jam'iyyar Labor Party kuma dan siyasa ne na tarayya.

Evans ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Adelaide, kuma ta kasance jami'in gudanarwa na jihar kafin ta shiga siyasa. Evans ya kasance memba na majalisar Birnin Elizabeth daga 1975 zuwa 1984 kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin magajin gari daga 1981 zuwa 1984. 

Evans ya shiga Majalisar Dokokin Kudancin Australia bayan zaben Elizabeth na 1984, wanda ya haifar da lokacin da Peter Duncan ya yi murabus daga kujerar don yin takarar kujerar tarayya ta Makin. An zabe shi a matsayin mai zaman kansa na Labour, ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Lafiya, Iyali da Ayyukan Al'umma da Ministan Matasa daga 1992 zuwa 1993, kuma ya koma Labour daga 1993.

Evans ya koma daga jihar zuwa siyasar tarayya a shekarar 1994. Ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Labor ta Australiya na Majalisar Wakilai ta Australiya daga Maris 1994 zuwa Oktoba 2004, yana wakiltar Sashen Bonython, Kudancin Australia . Zaben Elizabeth na 1994 ya tashi lokacin da Evans ya yi murabus don yin takara a zaben Bonython na 1994. Evans ya kasance memba na Ma'aikatar Inuwa ta adawa daga 1996 zuwa 2001.

An soke Sashen Bonython a lokacin sake rarraba zaben 2003. Evans ya kalubalanci Division of Wakefield a Zaben 2004, wanda ya shawo kan mafi yawan tsohuwar yankin Bonython kuma ya zama Labor a sakamakon haka. Koyaya, an kayar da shi da ƙasa da kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari.

Evans ya ɗauki matsayin darektan aikin al'umma a Jami'ar Adelaide a watan Yulin 2007.

## Manazarta
Cob (kayan aiki)

**Cob**, **cobb**, ko **clom** (a Wales) kayan gini ne na halitta wanda aka yi daga ƙasa, ruwa, kayan kwayoyin halitta (yawanci straw), kuma wani lokacin lime. Abubuwan da ke cikin ƙasa sun bambanta, kuma idan ba su ƙunshi cakuda daidai ba, ana iya canza shi da yashi ko yumɓu. Cob yana da tsayayya da wuta, tabbacin tsutsa, mai tsayayya ga aikin girgizar ƙasa, kuma yana amfani da kayan aiki masu tsada, kodayake yana da aiki sosai. Ana iya amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar siffofin fasaha da zane-zane, kuma an farfado da amfani da shi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ta hanyar gine-gine na halitta da ƙungiyoyin dorewa.

A cikin takardun gine-gine na fasaha da injiniya, kamar Uniform Building Code na yammacin Amurka, ana iya kiran cob a matsayin "ma'aunin yumbu mara ƙonewa," lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin tsarin tsari. Hakanan ana iya kiransa "ƙaddamarwa" a cikin abubuwan da ba na tsari ba, kamar "ƙaddar da yashi," ko kuma "ƙaddarar kwayoyin halitta," kamar inda cob shine mai cikawa tsakanin gidan waya da ginin katako.

## Tarihi da amfani

**'cob**' kalma ce ta Turanci da aka tabbatar a kusa da shekara ta 1600  don kayan gini na dā wanda aka yi amfani da shi don gini tun zamanin da. Amfani da wannan kayan a Iran ya wuce shekaru 4000. Maganar cob da cobbing ba a bayyane yake ba, amma a hanyoyi da yawa yana nufin doke ko *yajin aiki*,  wanda shine yadda ake amfani da kayan cob a bango.

Ana amfani da irin waɗannan kayan da hanyoyin gine-ginen ƙasa a duniya, kamar *adobe*,  **'Yumbu mai laushi**',  yashi mai laushi.  *Wychert*,  yumbu daubins,  *Swidish* (Asante Twi), [4] torchis (Faransanci),  *bauge* (Faransci),  bousille (Faransaniya laka tare da moss), [3] yumbu-*Pahsa* (Tsakiyar Asiya), da *cat da yumɓu*. [4]

Ana iya samun tsarin Cob a cikin yanayi daban-daban a duk faɗin duniya. Misalan Turai sun hada da:
 
## Manazarta
Kayan gini na yumbu

**kayan gini na yumbu**, sau da yawa an taƙaita shi zuwa **CBM**, kalma ce da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin ilimin kimiyyar archaeology don rufe duk kayan gini da aka yi da yumɓu. An yi amfani da shi musamman, amma ba kawai ba, dangane da kayan gini na Roman. 

Kalmar ce mai amfani kuma mai mahimmanci saboda, musamman lokacin da aka samo shi da farko a cikin binciken archaeological, yana iya zama da wahala a rarrabe, alal misali, raguwar tubali daga raguwar rufin ko teburin bene. Koyaya, kayan gini na yumbu yawanci ana iya rarrabe su daga raguwar yumbu ta hanyar ƙarancin su.

## Dubi kuma

* Adobe - Abubuwan gini na ƙasa da kayan halitta
* Antefix - Ƙarƙashin tashar don murfin rufin
* Architectural terracotta - Kayan gini na yumɓu da aka ƙone
* Brick - Block ko guda ɗaya na kayan yumbu da aka yi amfani da su a cikin ginin masonry
* Brickwork - Masonry da aka yi da tubali da turmi
* Clay - Ƙasa mai kyau mai laushi
* Cob (material) - Abubuwan gini da aka yi da ƙasa da fiber
* Imbrex and tegula, wanda aka fi sani da Roman roofing tiles - Rufin rufin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin gine-ginen Girka da Romawa na dā
* Mudbrick - Ginin ƙasa don gini
* Palmette - Tsarin ado wanda ya danganci ganyen dabino na itacen dabino
* Pilae stacks - Tiles da aka yi amfani da su don tallafawa bene a kan hypocaust
* Roman brick - Hanyar tubali da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin gine-ginen Romawa na Dā
* Tile - Abubuwan da aka ƙera don rufe wurare

## Ƙarin karantawa

*  
*  

## Haɗin waje

* ''Archaeology na yanzu'' Archaeological Ceramic Building Materials Group
* Kudancin Oxfordshire Archaeological Group Kayan Ginin Ginin Gida (Gabatarwa)
Martha Curnutt Casto

**Martha Curnutt Casto** (c. 1812 - 1887) an yanke mata hukuncin shekaru biyar a gidan yarin Jihar Missouri, gidan yarin maza, a cikin 1843 bayan ta kashe mijinta mai zalunci, Noah Casto, tare da gatari yayin da yake barci a Barry County, Missouri. Kwarewarta a gidan yarin ta haifar da isasshen goyon baya daga 'yan siyasa a jihar don neman gafara, wanda aka ba ta a 1844. Lamarin ya ja hankalin gaskiyar cewa an bukaci gidan yarin mata.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Martha game da 1812 a Tennessee, 'yar John Curnutt. A ranar 6 ga Yuli, 1839, ta auri Noah Casto a Cole County, Missouri. Nuhu ya fito ne daga Pennsylvania kuma ya yi aure akalla sau biyu a baya. Marta da Nuhu suna da 'ya'ya biyu tare, 'yar mai suna Maryamu da ɗa Nuhu, wanda aka haifa game da 1840 da 1842 bi da bi.

## Kisan kai, ɗaurin kurkuku, da gafartawa
A safiyar ranar 10 ga Yuli, 1843, mijin Martha Noah ya sanar da cewa ta fi dacewa ta yi karin kumallo sannan ta yi addu'o'inta saboda zai kashe ta daga baya, sannan ta koma barci. Da tsoron rayuwarta da kuma gaskata cewa "rayuwarta ko nata" ce,  Marta ta ɗauki gatari na itace kuma ta kawo shi a kan kan kan Nuhu yayin da yake barci,  ta hanyar idanunsa. Ta kashe shi da bugawa daya. Daga nan sai ta tafi ga maƙwabcinta kuma ta bayyana abin da ya faru. An same ta da laifin kisan kai na farko kuma an yanke mata hukuncin shekaru biyar a gidan yarin Jihar Missouri, inda ita ce kadai mace mai fursuna daga cikin kimanin 800. Tun da ba ta iya haɗuwa da fursunonin maza ba, an kawo abincin ta cikin tantanin ta kuma an sanya ta aiki a waje da ganuwar kurkuku, a cikin gidajen masu haya na kurkuku, Kyaftin Ezra Richmond da Alkalin James Brown. A can, matar Brown ta yi mata fyade a kai a kai, har ta yi ƙoƙari ta gudu amma an sake kama ta kuma an sanya ta a cikin tsare-tsare na ɗan lokaci.

Martha ta yi juna biyu yayin da take cikin gidan yari. Kodayake ba a san mahaifin ba, jerin wadanda ake zargi sun iyakance ga waɗanda ke da damar zuwa gare ta yayin da suke kurkuku, kamar masu tsaron kurkuku da masu haya. Ta haifi a farkon shekara ta 1844 kuma yaron, 'yar mai suna Sarah, ta kasance a cikin tantanin ta tare da ita. Tare da sanin cewa jaririn bazai tsira daga hunturu a cikin tantanin sanyi ba, mutane 55, daga cikinsu wasu fitattun mutane na gida, sun sanya hannu kan takardar neman gafartawar Martha wanda Gwamna John C. Edwards ya ba shi a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1844.  

## Rayuwa da mutuwa daga baya
Bayan an sake ta, Martha da 'ya'yanta sun ɗauki amfani da sunan budurwarta kuma sun zauna tare da mahaifinta, John Curnutt, na ɗan lokaci. 'Yar Martha Mary ta auri Samuel Nixon, yayin da ɗanta Noah ya shiga cikin Sojojin Tarayyar kuma ya mutu yayin hidimarsa a Yaƙin basasa. A shekarunta na baya, Martha ta zauna tare da 'yarta Maryamu har zuwa mutuwarta a ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 1887, kusan tana da shekaru 75.[2]

## Kyauta
Actress Cynthia Nixon ta fito ne daga zuriyar Martha Curnutt, ta hanyar 'yarta Mary Nixon wacce ta kasance kakarta ta Cynthia. An nuna Cynthia a cikin shahararren gidan talabijin, Wanene Kuna tunanin Kai ne? 

## Manazarta
Giuseppe Fabrizio

**Giuseppe A. Fabrizio** masanin Injiniyan lantarki ne na Australiya tare da Kungiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Tsaro a Edinburgh, Kudancin Australia.

Fabrizio ya sami digiri na B.E. da Ph.D. daga Makarantar Injiniyan Lantarki da Injiniyan lantarki a Jami'ar Adelaide, Kudancin Australia a 1992 da 2000, bi da bi. Tun daga shekara ta 1993, Fabrizio yana aiki ne don Kungiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Tsaro ta Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Australia. Ya kasance jagora na Sashen Yakin Lantarki da Gudanar da Sigina na Babban Radar daga 2005 zuwa 2015, a lokacin da yake da alhakin ci gaba da aiwatar da sabbin hanyoyin kariya ta lantarki da dabarun sarrafawa masu dorewa don inganta aikin Jindalee Operational Radar Network. A cikin 2016, Fabrizio ya zama shugaban rukuni na Microwave Radar Systems Science and Technology Capability a cikin DST Group, a wannan matsayin har yanzu yana nan.

An kira Fabrizio Fellow na Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Lantarki da Lantarki (IEEE) a cikin 2016  saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga sarrafa sigina daidaitawa a cikin tsarin radar na sararin samaniya.

## Manazarta
Coleridge Farr

**Clinton Coleridge Farr** (22 ga Mayu 1866 - 27 ga Janairu 1943) masanin ilimin ƙasa ne na New Zealand, injiniyan lantarki kuma farfesa a jami'a.

## Rayuwa ta farko da aiki
An haifi Farr ɗan ƙarami na (Anglican) Rev. George Henry Farr da Julia Warren Farr a ranar 22 ga Mayu 1866. George (daga baya aka kira Canon Farr) shi ne shugaban farko na Makarantar Kwalejin St Peter a Adelaide, Kudancin Australia . Coleridge ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Adelaide, Kwalejin Jami'ar, London da Jami'ar Sydney.

Farr ya koyar a Sydney sannan Adelaide daga 1893 zuwa 1896, lokacin da aka nada shi malami a lissafi da kimiyyar lissafi a Kwalejin Aikin Gona ta Lincoln kusa da Christchurch, New Zealand . A matsayinsa na Darakta na Christchurch Magnetic Observatory (1899-1903), ya shirya binciken magnetic na New Zealand kuma an ba shi kyautar kimiyya ta farko D.Sc. ta Jami'ar Adelaide . 

A matsayinsa na malami a fannin kimiyyar lissafi da bincike a Kwalejin Canterbury, Christchurch Farr ya kasance memba na binciken kimiyya na 1907 Sub-Antarctic Islands .  An kirkiro shi Farfesa na Physics a Kwalejin Canterbury a shekarar 1911.

A shekara ta 1919 an zabe shi a matsayin daya daga cikin 'yan majalisa na Cibiyar New Zealand (kungiyar, tun daga shekara ta 2007, an san ta da Royal Society Te Aparangi), inda ta lashe lambar yabo ta Hector a 1922 kuma ta zama shugaban su daga 1929 zuwa Mayu 1931 (lokacin da Hugh Segar ya gaje shi ). A shekara ta 1928 an zabe shi Fellow na Royal Society na London.

## Manazarta
Andrea Faulkner

**Andrea Faulkner**, har zuwa Afrilu 2022, ya kasance Jakadan Australiya a Myanmar har sai Ostiraliya ta rage dangantakar diflomasiyyarta da Myanmar don mayar da martani ga ayyukan junta soja a Myanmar. An kira Angela Corcoran mai kula da harkokin kasuwanci amma ba a sa ran gabatar da takardun shaidarta ba saboda an dauke ta shugaban ofishin jakadancin ba tare da jakadancin da ba shugaban jami'in ofishin jakasirin ba.  Faulkner ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Jakada a Isra'ila daga Maris 2010 har zuwa Yuni 2013. Matsayinta ne a matsayin jakada. Har zuwa wannan mukamin, ta kasance Mataimakin Sakataren reshen Afirka a DFAT kuma ta kasance ta biyu a cikin kwamandan a ofishin jakadancin a Vietnam.

## Education
Faulkner ta halarci Jami'ar Adelaide inda ta sami BA (tare da girmamawa), da kuma bachelor na Music da Diploma a Ilimi.

## Manazarta
Adele Ferguson

**Adele Ferguson** AM 'yar jarida ce mai bincike ta Australiya, wacce aka fi sani da jerin abubuwan da ta yi game da rashin adalci a fannonin franchising, kula da tsofaffi, da kuma ayyukan kudi a Ostiraliya wanda ya haifar da manyan bincike ciki har da Hayne Royal Commission .

## Ayyuka
Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Adelaide tare da digiri a fannin tattalin arziki da zane-zane, Ferguson ya fara karatun cadetship a jaridar The Advertiser . Daga nan ta yi aiki a mujallar Business Review Weekly a matsayin babban wakilin kasuwanci, kuma a matsayin marubucin kasuwanci na jaridar The *Australiya* . A *Shekarar* ta 2009, ta shiga Fairfax Media a matsayin babban marubucin kasuwanci kuma marubuci na The Sydney Morning Herald da The Age . 

A watan Yulin 2012, Ferguson ta fitar da Gina Rinehart: The Untold Story of the Richest Woman in the World, wani labari mara izini na mai hakar ma'adinai Gina Rinehard. Lauyoyin Rinehart sun ba da umarni ga Ferguson don samar da kayan tushe da suka shafi ɗan Rinehart, John Hancock. Kotun Koli ta Yammacin Ostiraliya ta kori karar, tare da umarnin Rinehart ya biya kudin shari'ar Ferguson.

Tun daga shekara ta 2014, Ferguson ya yi aiki a kan bincike na hadin gwiwa da yawa tare da shirin ABC na Four Corners . Na farko, "Banking Bad", ya bayyana "ayyukan banki marasa ma'ana" a Bankin Commonwealth da sauran bankunan Australiya, kuma ya lashe kyautar Gold Walkley. Haɗin gwiwar da ta biyo baya sun yi zargin cin hanci da rashawa a cikin 7-Eleven, Domino's Pizza, Retail Food Group da Caltex franchises.

## Kyaututtuka da girmamawa
A cikin 2014, Ferguson (tare da abokan aiki na ABC Deb Masters da Mario Christodoulou) sun lashe kyautar Gold Walkley don labarinsu "Banking Bad" game da shirin kudi da sabis na shawarwari na Bankin Commonwealth.

Har ila yau a cikin 2014, Ferguson ya lashe kyautar Jarida ta Shekara a Kennedy Awards.

An sanya Ferguson memba na Order of Australia a cikin 2019 Australia Day Honours, don muhimmiyar hidima ga bugawa da watsa labarai a matsayin ɗan jarida da mai sharhi na kasuwanci.

## Manazarta
David A. Fidock

**David A. Fidock** (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1965), shi ne CS Hamish Young Farfesa na Microbiology da Immunology kuma Farfesa na Kimiyya na Kiwon Lafiya a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Irving ta Jami'ar Columbia a Manhattan.

## Ilimi
Fidock ya halarci Jami'ar Adelaide kuma ya sami digiri na farko na kimiyyar lissafi da digiri na girmamawa a cikin kwayoyin halitta a shekarar 1985. Ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin microbiology daga Institut Pasteur a Paris a shekarar 1994. Mai ba da shawara game da rubutun shi ne Pierre Druilhe, kuma rubutun nasa yana da taken "Molecular and Immuno-Epidemiological Studies of the Plasmodium falciparum STARP and LSA-1 Antigens Expressed During the Pre-Erythrocytic Stages in Humans". Ya yi horo na postdoctoral tare da Anthony James a Jami'ar California, Irvine, kuma tare da Thomas Wellems a Cibiyar Lafiya ta Kasa.

## Ayyuka
Bayan kammala karatun digirin digirgir, Fidock ya shiga Kwalejin Magunguna ta Albert Einstein da ke New York a matsayin mataimakin farfesa a Sashen Ilimin Halittu da Immunology. A shekarar 2007, Fidock ya zama farfesa a Jami'ar Columbia a Sashen Ilimin Halittu da Immunology da kuma Magunguna (Raba Cututtuka Masu Yaduwa). Tun daga shekarar 2008, Fidock ya kasance farfesa a fannin ilmin kwayoyin halitta da immunology da kuma kimiyyar likitanci a Columbia. A shekarar 2017 ya sami digirin farfesa na CS Hamish Young. Daga 2008 zuwa 2023 ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan shirin shirin digiri na NIH T32 a fannin ilmin kwayoyin halitta, immunology, da kuma kamuwa da cuta. A shekarar 2023, an zabe shi a matsayin shugaban kungiyar likitocin wurare masu zafi ta Amurka.

## Manazarta
Harris Eyre

**Harris Eyre** likita ne na Australiya, masanin kimiyyar kwakwalwa, ɗan kasuwa, masanin dabarun tattalin arziki, kuma marubuci. An fi saninsa da aikinsa a kan tattalin arzikin kwakwalwa .

A cewar Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta McKinsey da Taron Tattalin Arziki na Duniya, tattalin arzikin kwakwalwa sabon tsarin tattalin arziki ne wanda ke ba da fifiko ga babban birnin kwakwalwa, wanda ya ƙunshi lafiyar kwakwalwa da ƙwarewar kwakwalwa, a matsayin babban kadarorinta. An motsa shi ta hanyar sake farfadowar kimiyyar kwakwalwa, yana amsawa ga karuwar buƙatun ƙwarewar kwakwalwa - fahimta, motsin rai, da zamantakewa - a cikin ma'aikata na zamani. 

Kungiyoyin da suka shahara yanzu sun yi imanin cewa duniya tana ƙara dogaro da babban birnin kwakwalwa, inda ake ba da kyauta ga ƙwarewar kwakwalwa da lafiyar kwakwalwa (misali, ƙwarewar mutum, motsin rai, da albarkatun kwakwalwa na zamantakewa), kuma cewa saka hannun jari a cikin gina babban birnin kwakwalwar yana da mahimmanci don fuskantar ƙalubalen al'umma na zamani da kuma fitar da kirkire-kirar abubuwa.

## Ilimi
Eyre ya girma a Mackay, Queensland, Ostiraliya, ya halarci Makarantar Anglican ta Whitsunday inda aka ba shi lambar yabo ta Young Old Scholar Award ta 2024. Ya kammala karatunsa na farko a fannin likitanci (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) tare da girmamawa) a Jami'ar James Cook da ke Arewacin Queensland, Ostiraliya, inda aka ba shi lambar yabo ta tsofaffin ɗaliban aiki na farko ta 2017. Ilimin likitancinsa ya ƙware a fannin kiwon lafiya na karkara, na nesa, na asali da na wurare masu zafi. Sannan ya kammala karatunsa na PhD a fannin ilimin jijiyoyi a Jami'ar Adelaide .  A lokacin karatunsa na PhD, an ba shi kyautar WG Walker Fulbright Scholarship don yin karatu a UCLA. Ana ba da kyautar WG Walker Fulbright Scholarship ga babban malamin Fulbright na Ostiraliya kowace shekara. 

## Ayyuka

### Tunanin tankuna
Eyre yana aiki tare da manyan tankuna masu tunani ciki har da Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta McKinsey, Cibiyar Baker don Manufofin Jama'a a Jami'ar Rice, Cibiyar Meadows Mental Health Policy, Cibiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Yuro-Mediterranean, Cibiyar Brookings, Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Turai, da Cibiyar Lafiya ta Duniya.

## Manazarta
Emma Morrison

**Emma Morrison** ƙwararriyar mai gabatar da shirye-shirye ce a talabijin a Ghana . 

Ta fara aikinta na kafofin watsa labarai, tana aiki da TV3 Ghana lokacin da aka kafa tashar a shekarar 1997 a matsayin mai ba da rahoto kan labarai da kuma mai watsa labarai. 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haife ta a ranar 5 ga watan Yuni kuma ita ce 'ya ta uku ga mahaifiyarta kuma 'yar ta bakwai ga mahaifinta. Mahaifinta Jacob Morrison ne, mahaifiyarta kuma Victoria Morrison. Mahaifinta yana da 'ya'ya goma sha uku, 'yan mata goma sha ɗaya da maza biyu.

## Ilimi
Morrison ta yi karatun firamare guda biyu a Landan, Birtaniya : Makarantar Dollis Junior da ke Mill Hill, da Makarantar Childs Hill da ke Barnet .  Bayan ta koma Ghana, ta yi karatu a Makarantar Shirye-shiryen Goldfields, Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Wesley da Makarantar Sakandare ta Tarkwa.  Ta ci gaba da karatu a Cibiyar Aikin Jarida ta Ghana . 

## Sana'a
Ta fara aikinta na kafofin watsa labarai da TV3 a shekarar 1997 a matsayin mai rahoto/mai watsa labarai, inda ta samu ci gaba a matsayin manaja ta labarai da wasanni a TV3. 

Daga baya ta zama editan Joy News TV. 

Ita ce shugabar ƙungiyar shirye-shiryen kasuwanci, rediyo, talabijin, IM a Multimedia Group Ltd kuma tana riƙe da matsayin mai ba da shawara da kuma babban mai shiryawa na *News Generation* .  Morrison ta shiga Gold Fields Ghana a matsayin shugabar harkokin kamfanoni. 

## Kyaututtuka
Ta lashe kyaututtuka: Mai gabatar da labarai na shekara, Halayyar Talabijin ta shekara, da kuma shirinta na labarai *na News 360* wanda ya lashe kyautar shirin talabijin na shekara.  A shekarar 2019 an nada ta a matsayin Halayyar Kamfanoni ta shekara a Glitz Ghana Women of the Year Honours. 

## Manazarta
Kyiv Modern-Ballet

The Academic **Kyiv Modern-** Ballet Theater ( Ukrainian  , wanda aka yiwa lakabi da cikakken *wurin taron jama'a 'Gidan wasan kwaikwayo da nishaɗi na al'adu "Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na zamani na Kyiv* "') gidan wasan kwaikwayo ne na zamani na Ukraine na wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka tsara shi azaman marubuci, tare da jerin waƙoƙi da fifikon fasaha ana tantance su ta hanyar samar da mai horar da mawaka ɗaya, ɗaya.

Wannan gidan wasan kwaikwayo yana neman ƙirƙirar dakin gwaje-gwaje na fasaha na rawa ta zamani tare da gwaje-gwajen da ya yi, tare da fassarar asali, ba ta dace ba na wasannin kwaikwayo na duniya, da kuma gyara da haɓaka siffa da yaren rawa ta zamani .  Yana yin wasan kwaikwayo a yawon shakatawa sosai, a Ukraine da kuma ƙasashen waje.  Wanda ya kafa kuma babban malamin rawa na gidan wasan kwaikwayo shine Radu Poklitaru  — Ma'aikacin Fasaha na Ukraine, wanda ya lashe kyautar Shevchenko ta ƙasa ta Ukraine, Mai Zane na Jama'a na Moldova.   

## Tarihi

Tarihin *Kyiv Modern-ballet* ya fara ne a ranar 19 ga Disamba, 2005, da daren farko na shirin *Le forze del destino* ( Ukrainian   ), wanda *Gidauniyar Fasaha ta Volodymyr Filippov* ta ba da umarni,  wanda ya ƙunshi manyan albarkatun ƙirƙira na gidan wasan kwaikwayo - mai tsara rawa Radu Poklitaru, mai tsara yanayi Andriy Zlobin, mai zane mai kayan ado Hanna Ipatieva, mai shirya fitilu Olena Antokhina, mai shirya sauti Oleksandr Kuriy, mataimakiyar mai tsara rawa Anatoliy Kozlov, da kuma wasu masu wasan kwaikwayo waɗanda daga baya suka zama wani ɓangare na kamfanin dindindin. 

## Lambobin yabo da yabo

## Adabi

* Елена Узун. Свободный танец Rаду Поклитару. / Elena Uzun. Rawar Radu Poklitaru. - Chișinău : «Elan INC» (типографія «Elan Poligraf»), 2012. - 158 p. -  

## Manazarta
Hanyar Martin Goodman

**Hanyar Martin Goodman ita ce** hanya ta    hanyar da ake amfani da ita da yawa   a gefen bakin teku a Toronto, Ontario, Kanada. Tana ratsa dukkan gabar tafkin daga wannan gefen birnin zuwa wancan, daga gadar Humber Bay Arch a yamma zuwa Kogin Rouge a gabas.  Hanyar Martin Goodman wani ɓangare ne na 730&nbsp;kilomita Hanyar Ruwa a kusa da Tafkin Ontario .

## Tarihi
An sanya wa hanyar suna, wacce aka buɗe a shekarar 1984,  saboda shugaban kuma babban editan *Toronto Star*, wanda ya mutu shekaru uku da suka gabata.  A watan Maris na 1992, *Toronto Star* ta ruwaito cewa ɗan shekara 18 a lokacin&nbsp;Hanyar kilomita tana buƙatar gyara, tana da ramuka da rashin alamun da ke nuna inda hanyar ba ta da layuka na musamman.  An fara gyare-gyare a watan Yunin 1992 tare da gyaran fuska na dala $200,000. 

Tun daga shekarar 2005, Waterfront Toronto ta kasance tana da alhakin cike gibin da ke cikin hanyar, musamman a gefen tsakiyar teku,  da kuma gyara ta. A shekarar 2006,  sun ƙara wani ƙarin aiki don haɗawa da Tommy Thompson Park a kan titin Leslie Street Spit, kamar yadda aka fara gabatar da shi a shekarar 1989.  Fara daga shekarar 2008 kuma ya ƙare a shekarar 2009, sabon 1.3&nbsp;An buɗe ɓangaren kilomita na hanyar tare da Lake Shore Boulevard a Ontario Place  Sabuwar ɓangaren hanyar ta mayar da wuraren ajiye motoci na Ontario Place mai tsawon mita 8,000 zuwa sararin samaniya da hanyar shiga kore. 

## Hanya
A Sunnyside, yammacin tsakiyar birnin, hanyar tana tafiya inda tsohon titin jirgin ƙasa yake, kuma tana tafiya daidai da wanda yake a yanzu. Hakazalika, a bakin teku, a gefen gabas na birnin, hanyar kuma tana tafiya daidai da titin jirgin ƙasa. Hanyar kuma tana wucewa ta Cherry Beach .

## Hotunan Hotuna

Fayil:Beaches_1984.jpg|alt=The Beaches in 1984. The boardwalk and the Martin Goodman Trail are seen.| Tekun Ruwa a shekarar 1984. An ga hanyar jirgin ƙasa da kuma hanyar Martin Goodman.
Fayil:Bridge_over_Mimico_Creek,_Ontario_-b.jpg|alt=The bridge over Mimico Creek, part of the trail| Gadar da ke kan Mimico Creek, wani ɓangare na hanyar


## Manazarta
John Maxton

**John Alston Maxton, Baron Maxton** (5 ga Mayu 1936 – 20 Nuwamba 2025) ɗan siyasa ne na Jam'iyyar Labour ta Scotland. Daga 1979 zuwa 2001, Maxton ɗan majalisar dokoki ne mai zaman kansa a majalisar wakilai.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Maxton a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 1936, kuma ɗan'uwa ne ga tsohon shugaban jam'iyyar Labour mai zaman kanta kuma wanda ya ƙi amincewa da yaƙin duniya na ɗaya, James Maxton . Mahaifinsa, wanda kuma ake kira John Maxton, shi ma ya ƙi amincewa da yaƙin duniya na ɗaya, kuma ƙaramin John Maxton shi ma ya ƙi amincewa da yaƙin duniya na ɗaya daga 1955 zuwa 1957, yana aiki a wuraren gini da kuma noma. Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Grammar ta Lord Williams, Thame, daga baya ya halarci Kwalejin Jami'a, Oxford .

## Aikin siyasa
Maxton ya shiga Jam'iyyar Labour a shekarar 1970 kuma ya zama fitaccen mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a a matsayin mataimakin shugaban ƙungiyar Scottish Labour Against the Market a lokacin kuri'ar raba gardama ta 1975 kan ci gaba da zama memba na Burtaniya a Kasuwar gama gari . An zaɓe shi don ya yi adawa da ɗan majalisar da ke kan mulki, Sakataren Harkokin Waje na Scotland, Teddy Taylor, a babban zaɓen 1979 a mazabar Glasgow Cathcart . Canjin yanayin alƙaluma na yankin da kuma ƙaruwar shaharar jam'iyyar Labour a Scotland ya sa ta zama wurin da za a iya cin nasara, kuma nasarar Maxton ta samu ne sakamakon adawa mai ƙarfi da jam'iyyar Conservative ta yi wa jam'iyyar Scottish National Party, wadda ta kori wasu daga cikin masu kaɗa ƙuri'a zuwa Labour.

Maxton shi ne kaɗai ɗan takarar Labour a wannan zaɓen da ya sami kujera da 'yan Conservative suka ci a zaɓen da ya gabata ( Oktoba 1974 ). A Majalisar Dokoki, ya haɗu da masu sassaucin ra'ayi a cikin Tribune Group, kuma ya kaɗa ƙuri'a a kan Yaƙin Falklands . A shekarar 1983, an sake jan hankalin mazabarsa zuwa ga rashin nasararsa, amma Maxton ya yi watsi da komawa zuwa wasu yankuna maƙwabta mafi kyau; don haka a ra'ayinsa ya sake samun kujerarsa daga 'yan Conservative a babban zaɓen 1983. Maxton ya kasance mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, amma bai sami goyon baya sosai ba lokacin da ya tsaya takarar majalisar ministocin inuwar Labour. Ya kasance Whip na Scottish na Labour a 1985  kuma mai magana da yawun Harkokin Scotland daga 1985 zuwa 1992.

Ya yi murabus daga Majalisar Wakilai a babban zaɓen 2001 kuma an ba shi mukamin hadimin dindindin a ranar 17 ga Yuni 2004, a matsayin **Baron Maxton**, na Blackwaterfoot a Ayrshire da Arran.  Maxton ya yi ritaya daga aikin Lords a ranar haihuwarsa ta 89, 5 ga Mayu 2025. 

## Mutuwa
Maxton ya mutu a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, 2025, yana da shekaru 89.  

## Manazarta
Gidan Tarihi na Dinosaur

**Gidan Tarihi na Dinosaur** jerin abubuwan jan hankali ne da ke nuna sassaka-sassaka na dinosaur masu girman gaske da kwafi na burbushin halittu. An gina rassan gidan tarihin a Riverhead, New York da Pigeon Forge, Tennessee.

Wurin da ke Branson, Missouri an rufe shi kuma an canza masa wurin zama, kuma yanzu ana kiransa da **Gidan Tarihi na Branson Dinosaur** . 

## Tarihi
**Gidan Tarihi na Dinosaur Walk** na asali ya fara buɗe ƙofofinsa ga jama'a a ranar 24 ga Yuni, 2004, kuma yana cikin Riverhead, New York, a Long Island .  An tsara kuma aka ƙirƙira shi ta hanyar mai zane Fred Hoppe, gidan tarihin yana ɗauke da ɗaya daga cikin manyan tarin dabbobin tarihi a duniya. An rufe wannan gidan tarihin a watan Yulin 2008.

An ruwaito cewa an rufe wurin Pigeon Forge a shekarar 2011. 

## Nunin
Duk kayayyakin da aka nuna, wadanda suka wakilci nau'ikan halittu 47, an sake ƙirƙirar su ne bisa girman rayuwa kuma an gina su ne bisa ainihin bayanan burbushin halittu .

Wasu daga cikin abubuwan da aka nuna sun haɗa da: *[[Tyrannosaurus|Tyrannosaurus rex]]*, *[[Platecarpus]]*, *[[Parasaurolophus]]*, *[[Daspletosaurus]]*, *[[Deinonychus]]*, *[[Coelophysis]]*, *[[Velociraptor]]*, *[[Troodon]]*, Plesiosaurs, *[[Oviraptor]]*, manyan da ƙananan dabbobi masu rarrafe masu tashi da kwanyar kai, ƙasusuwa, da kwarangwal na dabbobi masu shayarwa na zamanin da, burbushin halittu da sauran abubuwan ban sha'awa. Zane-zanen bango da aka zana da hannu sun kewaye faɗin   , gidan tarihi mai matakai biyu. Gidan tarihin yana kuma da gidajen sinima guda biyu masu inganci tare da fina-finan dinosaur na ci gaba da ilmantarwa, ayyukan hannu ga yara, da kuma shagon kyauta.

Wasu daga cikin dinosaur da aka samu a Gidan Tarihi na Dinosaur Walk sune:

**T-Rex** : An san cewa *Tyrannosaurus rex* ya rayu a ƙarshen zamanin Cretaceous, shekaru miliyan 66 da suka wuce. Tsawonsa ya kai sama da  tsayi, sama da  tsayi kuma yana da nauyin har zuwa tan 7.5.

**Platecarpus** : Platecarpus wani ƙadangare ne na ruwa da ya ɓace, wani ɓangare na dangin Mosasaur . Ya girma har zuwa  kuma galibi suna cin kifi, squid da ammonites.

**Parasaurolophus** : Parasaurolophus, kamar T-Rex, sun rayu a zamanin Cretaceous shekaru miliyan 76-66 da suka wuce. Ya girma zuwa  tsayi,  tsayi, kuma yana da nauyin kusan fam 7,700. Parasauolophus ɗan ciyawa ne . Ana tsammanin babban layin ana amfani da shi don sadarwa tsakanin maza da mata.

## Manazarta
Asibitin Stonehouse

**Asibitin Stonehouse** cibiyar lafiya ce da ke Strathaven Road, Stonehouse, South Lanarkshire, Scotland. NHS Lanarkshire ce ke kula da shi.

## Tarihi
Asalin ginin, wanda Alexander Cullen ya tsara a matsayin asibitin cututtuka masu yaduwa,  an kammala shi a shekarar 1896.  An faɗaɗa shi a shekarar 1916, kuma bayan ya shiga Hukumar Lafiya ta Ƙasa a shekarar 1948, ya zama asibitin al'umma.  An sayi wani ƙaramin gini na zamani a ƙarƙashin shirin kuɗi na masu zaman kansu a shekarar 2001.  An kammala sabon ginin, wanda Dawn Construction ya gina akan kuɗin fam miliyan 4.3, a shekarar 2004. 

## Manazarta
Kyautar ESPY ta Mafi Kyawun Wasanni na Mata

**Kyautar ESPY ta 'Yan Wasan Mata Mafi Kyau ta ESPY** kyauta ce ta shekara-shekara da ke girmama nasarorin 'yan wasa mace daga duniyar wasannin motsa jiki . An fara bayar da ita ne a matsayin wani ɓangare na Kyautar ESPY a shekara ta 2004 bayan da aka ba da Kyautar ESPY ta 'Yan Wasan Wasanni Mafi Kyau ta ESPY ta shekaru biyu da suka gabata (inda Kelly Clark 'yar wasan dusar ƙanƙara 'yar Amurka ta karɓi kyautar 2002).  Ana ba da ita ga mace, ba tare da la'akari da ƙasarta ko wasanni ba, an yanke mata hukunci a matsayin mafi kyawun 'yan wasan motsa jiki a cikin shekarar kalanda . Masoya suna yin zaɓen zaɓe ta Intanet daga zaɓuka tsakanin uku zuwa biyar da Kwamitin Zaɓen ESPN Select ya zaɓa, wanda ya ƙunshi kwamitin ƙwararru.  Ana ba da ita ne a watan Yuli don nuna aiki da nasarorin da aka samu a cikin watanni goma sha biyu da suka gabata. 

Wanda ya fara lashe kyautar ita ce 'yar wasan wakeboarding ta Amurka Dallas Friday .  A tsakanin shekarun 2003 da 2004, Juma'a ta lashe kofuna 12 daga cikin kwararrun mata 14 da ake da su, ciki har da gasar kasa da ta duniya. Ta zama 'yar wasan wakeboarding ta farko da aka zaba, don haka ta lashe kyautar ESPY Award.  'Yan wasa daga Amurka sun lashe fiye da kowace kasa da goma (sau uku ga Jamie Anderson da Chloe Kim ), sai 'yan Australia da uku, biyu daga cikinsu aka bai wa Stephanie Gilmore . Masu wasan snowboarding su ne 'yan wasa mafi nasara, da kyaututtuka goma sha daya, sai kuma masu wasan surfing da hudu. Ba a bayar da ita a shekarar 2020 ba saboda annobar COVID-19 .  Wanda ya lashe kyautar ta baya-bayan nan ita ce 'yar wasan tsalle-tsalle ta kasar Sin Eileen Gu a shekarar 2022. 

## Masu nasara

## Manazarta
Wurin ajiyar namun daji na Bisanadi

**Wurin ajiyar namun daji na Bisanadi** wani wurin ajiyar namun daji ne a gundumar Isiolo, Kenya . Yana kusa da wurin shakatawa na Meru . Wurin shakatawa gida ne ga zaki, giwayen Afirka, cheetah, farin karkanda, da bauna na Afirka da kuma nau'ikan tsuntsaye sama da 400. Baƙi a wurin ajiyar na iya yin kwale-kwale/kamun kifi a kogin Tana da Rojewero. 

## Manazarta
Kongo, Ghana

**Kongo** gari ne da ke yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya na Ghana . Garin ya shahara da Makarantar Sakandare ta Kongo. Makarantar cibiya ce ta zagaye na biyu.

## Manazarta
Nsiah Asare

**Anthony Nsiah-Asare** jami'in lafiya ne na ƙasar Ghana, ƙwararre a fannin ilimi da kula da lafiya. Ya yi aiki a ɓangaren lafiya na ƙasar Ghana na tsawon kusan shekaru arba'in yana aiki a matakai daban-daban na gudanarwa. Ya kasance Darakta Janar na Hukumar Lafiya ta ƙasar Ghana . Shi memba ne na Jam'iyyar New Patriotic Party kuma ya kasance Mai Ba da Shawara ga Shugaban Ƙasa kan Lafiya ga Nana Akufo-Addo .   

## Sana'a
Anthony Nsiah-Asare kafin nadinsa na yanzu ya yi aiki a fannin lafiya na tsawon shekaru 36 a matsayin babban jami'in gudanarwa.  Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin ƙwararren likitan tiyata a Asibitin St Patrick da ke Offinso-Ashanti da Asibitin Koyarwa na Tamale .

Babban jami'in gudanarwa na Asibitin Komfo Anokye (KATH) wanda ya taɓa yin aiki a matsayin Babban Likitan Fiɗa a wannan asibitin. Tsakanin 1997 da 2001, Dr Nsiah-Asare ya yi aiki a matsayin malami na ɗan lokaci a fannin Asibitin Anatomy a Jami'ar Nazarin Ci Gaba (UDS), Makarantar Kimiyyar Lafiya, Tamale . 

### Hukumar Lafiya ta Ghana
Shugaba Nana Akufo-Addo ya nada Dr Anthony Nsiah-Asare a matsayin Darakta Janar na Hukumar Lafiya ta Ghana daga ranar 1 ga Maris, 2017, inda ya maye gurbin Dr. Ebenezer Appiah-Denkyira wanda ya yi ritaya daga aiki. Ya mika ragamar mulki ga Dr. Patrick Aboagye a watan Nuwamba na 2019 kuma aka nada shi a matsayin Mai Ba Shugaban Kasa Shawara kan Lafiya. 

## Manazarta