open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Compiler

Masu tarawa ba shine kawai mai sarrafa harshe da aka yi amfani da shi don canza shirye-shiryen tushe ba. mai fassara shine software na kwamfuta wanda ke canzawa sannan kuma ke aiwatar da ayyukan da aka nuna.::p2 Tsarin fassarar yana tasiri ga ƙirar harsunan kwamfuta, wanda ke haifar da fifiko na tarawa ko fassara. A ka'idar, harshe na shirye-shirye na iya samun mai tarawa da mai fassara. A aikace, harsunan shirye-shirye suna da alaƙa da ɗaya kawai (mai tarawa ko mai fassara).

Akwai nau'ikan masu tarawa daban-daban waɗanda ke samar da fitarwa a cikin nau'ikan amfani daban-daban. mai tarawa na giciye yana samar da lambar don CPU daban ko tsarin aiki fiye da wanda mai tarawa na gicciye kansa ke gudana. mai tarawa na bootstrap sau da yawa mai tarawa ne na wucin gadi, wanda ake amfani dashi don tattara mai tarawa na dindindin ko mafi kyawun mai tarawa don harshe.

## BManazarta.
Yaren Enwang-Uda

**Enwang** (Enwan) da **Uda** yare ne na Lower Cross River a Najeriya. Wadannan nau'ikan biyu sun bambanta sosai.

Uda ya kasance batun wani-wata mai zurfi a hanyar CoLang (Cibiyar Nazarin Harshe na Hadin gwiwa) a cikin 2012 a Jami'ar Kansas. Shirin ya dogara da masu magana dashi asalin yarukan biyu daga Najeriya.  

## Manazarta
Dorothée Chellier

**Dorothée Chellier** (1860-1935) likita ce Bafaranshiya-Algeriya. 

Ta zama likita mace ta farko a Algeria a shekarar 1895.

## Manazarta
Corinne Chevallier

**Corinne Chevallier** (an Haife ta a ranar 25 ga watan Yuni 1935) masaniyar tarihi ce na Aljeriya kuma marubuciya zuriyar noir.  Mahaifinta, Jacques Chevallier, shi ne magajin garin Algiers.

## Rayuwa
An haife ta a Algiers a shekara ta 1935, inda ta ke zama tun daga lokacin.

Tana ɗaya daga cikin ƴan  matan da suka karɓi takardar zama 'yar ƙasar Aljeriya kuma suka ci gaba da zama a sabuwar jihar.

## Ayyuka
Ayyukanta sun haɗa da litattafan *La Petite Fille du Tassili* (Algiers: Éditions Casbah, 2001) da *La Nuit du corsaire* (Algiers: Éditions Casbah, 2005)

## Manazarta
Fanny Colonna

**Fanny Colonna** (1934 - 18 Nuwamba 2014) 'yar Faransa-Algeriya ƙwararriya ce a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ce kuma masaniya a fannin ilimin asalin ɗan adam. Ta kasance tsohuwar farfesa a Jami'ar Tizi Ouzou. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Colonna a El Milia, kuma 'yar wani ma'aikaciyar Faransa ce "wanda ya tabbatar da ta koyi Larabci."   Colonna ta rayu a Algeria har zuwa shekara ta 1993.  Ta "kafa sunanta tare da nazarin ajin malaman makaranta na Aljeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka."  Colonna kuma ta gudanar da nazarin ƙabilanci a cikin Aure tsakanin shekarun 1970 da 1980.

## Ayyukan da aka zaɓa
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Manazarta
Meriem Benmiloud

**Meriem Benmiloud** (an Haife ta a ranar 17 ga watan Yuli 1980) ministar dijital da ƙididdiga ta Aljeriya ce. An naɗa ta a matsayin minista a ranar 16 ga watan Maris 2023.  

## Manazarta
Zahra Dardouri

**Zahra Dardouri** (an haife ta a ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta alif dari tara da hamsin da biyar miladiyya 1955 a Batna) malamar  Aljeriya ce, 'yar siyasa kuma tsohuwar minista. 

## Sana'a
A shekarar 2014, shugaba Bouteflika ya naɗa Zohra Dardouri a matsayin ministar wasiku da sadarwa tare da wasu mata shida.  Ta mai da hankali kan aiwatar da ayyukan watsa labarai da fasahohin sadarwa a yankunan ƙasar Aljeriya da ke keɓe da kuma samar da tsayayyen tsarin intanet a duk faɗin ƙasar. A ranar 14 ga watan Mayu 2015, ta bar gwamnati bayan wani sauyi.

## Manazarta
Kaoutar Krikou

**Kaoutar Krikou** (an Haife ta a ranar 2 ga watan Maris 1982) ministar Haɗin kai, Iyali da Harkokin Mata ce ta Aljeriya. An naɗa ta a matsayin minista a ranar 9 ga watan Satumban 2022.   

## Ilimi
Krikou tana da  Master in Business Law.

## Manazarta
Rabea Mechernane

**Rabea Mechernane**, an haifi **Rabea Kerzabi** 'yar Aljeriya-Qatari ce mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata kuma yar siyasa. Ita ce ministar haɗin kan ƙasa da iyali ta Aljeriya a shekarun 1990. 

Rabea Kerzabi ɗiyar Mohamed Kerzabi ce, mai fafutukar neman sauyi. A matsayinta na ministar haɗin kai da iyali, ta kafa ƙungiyar Algerian Literacy Association (IQRAA).  A shekarar 2002 ta shiga kotun Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Sarkin Qatar. 

## Manazarta
Mounia Meslem

**Mounia Meslem** (an haife ta a Tébessa a ranar 24 ga watan Yuni 1961), ministar gwamnatin Aljeriya ce.  Matsayinta shine ministar haɗin kan ƙasa, harkokin iyali da mata.

## Manazarta
Nouria Yamina Zerhouni

**Nouria Yamina Zerhouni** 'yar siyasar Aljeriya ce wacce ta yi gwamnan lardin Boumerdès a tsakanin shekarun 2015 zuwa 2018. 

## Sana'a
Shugaba Abdelaziz Bouteflika ya naɗa Zerhouni minista yawon buɗe ido a watan Satumban 2013.   A cikin watan Yuli 2015, ta zama gwamnan Bourmerdès.  

## Manazarta
Fatiha Boudiaf

**Fatiha Boudiaf** (Nuwamba 28, 1944 a Oran) 'yar gwagwarmayar Aljeriya ce, gwauruwa kuma mata ta biyu ga tsohon shugaban ƙasar  Aljeriya Mohamed Boudiaf. Bayan kashe shi a shekarar 1992, ta kafa gidauniyar Boudiaf don yaɗa sakon zaman lafiya na mijinta. Ta kasance mai sukar lamirin hukuncin da aka yanke wa Lambarek Boumaarafi, inda ta ce an haɗa baki da yawa wajen kisan tsohon mijin nata kuma ta buƙaci a sake buɗe bincike.

## Mutuwar Mohamed Boudiaf
Boudiaf ita ce matar shugaban ƙasar Aljeriya Mohamed Boudiaf ta biyu.   Ta yi Allah-wadai da binciken da aka yi a hukumance na kisan maigidanta, wanda ke nuni da cewa ba aikin wani mai son rai ba ne kawai, amma wani ɓangare ne na wani babban shiri. Ta yi yunkurin ziyartar Lambarek Boumaarafi, mutumin da aka samu da laifin kashe mijinta, yayin da yake gidan yari, amma hukuma ta ki amincewa da wannan buƙata.

Ta yi hasashen cewa wanda ya kashe mijinta ya ɓoye a karkashin teburin a gabansa a lokacin kuma har yanzu ba a kama shi ba.  A shekarar 2016, ta zargi wasu tsaffin manyan hafsoshin soja huɗu da kisan mijinta, sannan ta aika buɗaɗɗiyar wasika zuwa ga tsohon shugaban ƙasar, Abdelaziz Bouteflika, inda ta buƙaci a sake buɗe shari'ar.

## Ayyukan gwagwarmaya
Ta kafa gidauniyar Boudiaf,  wacce ta sami lambar yabo ta Yariman Asturias don Hadin gwiwar Duniya a shekarar 1998.  An kafa gidauniyar ne domin girmama mijin Boudiaf da ya rasu, kuma yana fatan isar da sakon zaman lafiya da ilimi ga ɗaukacin al'ummar ƙasar Aljeriya. Kowace shekara a ranar zagayowar mutuwarsa, ana bikin rayuwarsa.

## Manazarta
Alice Sportisse Gomez-Nadal

**Alice Sportisse Gomez-Nadal** (9 ga Yuli 1909 - 3 Yuni 1996) 'yar siyasa ce ta Faransa-Algeriya. 

An haife ta a Sidi Lakhdar, Algeria (wanda ake kira Lavarande a lokacin). Ta wakilci jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Aljeriya (PCA) a majalisar wakilai da aka zaɓa a shekarar 1945, a majalisar wakilai da aka zaɓa a shekarar 1946 da kuma majalisar dokokin ƙasar  daga shekarun 1946 zuwa 1955.

## Manazarta
Amina Belouizdad

**Amina Belouizdad** (shekara ta alif dubu daya da dari Tara da talatin da daya1931 - ashirin da tara 29 ga watan Satumba, shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha biyar 2015),  ita ce mace ta farko mai gabatar da shirye-shirye a gidan talabijin na Aljeriya.

A ranar ashirin da takwas 28 ga watan Oktoba, shekarar alif dubu daya da dari Tara da sittin da biyu 1962 da karfe shida dai dai 6:00 na yamma, Amina Belouizdad ta sanar da kaddamar da tashar Rediyo da Talabijin ta Aljeriya (RTA); wanda ya maye gurbin tashar Rediyo da Talabijin ta Faransa (RTF). Ta yi tasiri ga tsararraki na Aljeriya a lokacin da f RTA ita ce kawai tashar da ake da ita a talabijin. A shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da tamanin da biyu 1982 Belouizdad tayi ritaya.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Amina Belouizdad a shekara ta alif dubu daya da dari tara da talatin da daya 1931 a unguwar Belcourt (yanzu Belouizdad) a Algiers.

Mahaifinta, Tahar Ali-Cherif, wanda lauya ne na sana'a, an haife shi a Kasbah na Algiers, kuma mahaifiyarta, Maghnia Abed, an haife ta a Chlef.

A shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da arbai'n da nakwai 1947 ta auri Zineddine Belouizdad wanda ta haifi 'ya'ya maza uku tare da shi.

## Sana'a
Kafin juyin juya halin Aljeriya, ana tsammanin Amina ta cika aikinta na mata da uwa kamar yadda al'adu da al'adun Aljeriya suka tsara. Duk da haka, don ƙara yawan kuɗin iyali, ta amsa tayin aiki a shekarar 1958 daga tashar Rediyo da Talabijin na Faransa (RTF) tana neman mai gabatar da talabijin. A matsayinta na ƴar ƙasa mai yare biyu, an ɗauke ta hayar aiki, kuma ta ɗauki sunan "Amina" saboda ana ganin ta fi samun damar yin sauti ga masu sauraron Faransanci fiye da sunan "Rabia".

A farkon juyin juya halin Aljeriya, ta dukufa wajen tallafa wa matan masu fafutuka da aka ɗaure ta hanyar tattara kuɗaɗe. A shekarar 1958, ta zama mai gabatar da harshe biyu a RTF. Ta yi amfani da matsayinta na shahararriya, inda ta bi motarta ta haye shingayen binciken sojoji domin haɗuwa da mayakan da tare da taimakon mijinta, suka zauna a gidajensu kafin su shiga cikin Maquis. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan mayakan shi ne Cherif El Hachemi, abokin aiki a RTF.

Amina ta ci gaba da aikinta a matsayin mai gabatar da talabijin har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 1982. Duk da cewa ta yi ritaya, shahararta ya tabbatar da cewa za ta ci gaba da zama abin birgewa a kan al’amuran al’adu, musamman ta fuskar wakokin Chaabi da na Andalus da ta yi matukar sha’awa.

## Mutuwa
Amina Belouizdad ta rasu ne a ranar 29 ga watan watan Satumban shekarar 2015 tana da shekaru 83 a duniya sakamakon fama da bugun jini. An binne ta a makabartar Sidi M'hamed da ke gundumar ta ta haihuwa.  

Gidanta na ƙarshe yana tsakanin na iyayenta, Mohamed Belouizdad da Hassiba Ben Bouali.

## Manazarta
Wanda Ramos

**Wanda Ramos** (1948 &#x2013; 1998) marubuciya ce kuma mawaƙiya na Portugal da Angola . 

An haifi Ramos a Dundo,  Angola kuma ta koma Portugal a kusa da shekara ta 1958. Baya ga litattafanta da tarin wakoki, Ramos kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai fassara, fassara ayyukan Jorge Luis Borges, Edith Wharton, Octavio Paz, Rabindranath Tagore da John le Carré zuwa Portuguese. 

## Ayyukan da aka zaɓa

; Tarin wakoki
:

* *Nas Coxas do Tempo* (1970)
* *E Contudo Cantar Semper* (1979)
* Poemas*-com-Sentidos* (1985) 

; Littattafai
: * *Percursos* (1981), which won the prize for fiction of the Portuguese Writers' Association
* *As Incontáveis Vésperas* (1983)
* *l'éblouissant Litoral* (1991)

Littafinta na ƙarshe shine *Crónica com estuário ao fundo*, (Tsarin Faransanci *Chronique sur fond d'estuaire* ) wanda aka buga a cikin shekarar 1998.

## Manazarta
Maria Haller

**Maria de Jesus Haller** a shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da ashirin da uku (1923 &#x2013; sha takwas 18 ga watan Oktoba shekarar alif dubu biyu da shida 2006), ita ce jakadiyar mata ta Angola ta farko. Ta shiga gwagwarmayar neman 'yancin kai na Angola daga mulkin mallaka, Portugal, kuma ta kasance malama, 'yar jarida kuma marubuciya. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife ta a Angola a matsayin Maria de Jesus Nunes Da Silva a shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da ashirin da uku 1923, 'yar wani ma'aikaciyar gona mai shekaru goma sha biyu 12 da mai shuka ya yi wa fyade.    Sa’ad da Maria ta cika shekara uku, mahaifinta ya aika da ita don ta girma a ƙasarsa ta Portugal. A lokacin da 'yar shekara goma sha biyar 15, ta ɗan sake haɗuwa da mahaifiyarta kuma ta sami ƙwarin gwiwa don neman fafutuka da siyasa. 

Kusan shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da hamsin da biyar 1955 ta auri ɗan kasuwa ɗan kasar Switzerland Jean Rodolphe de Haller. Yayin da take zaune a Léopoldville a ƙasar Belgian Kongo ta mulkin mallaka, ta haɗu da ƴan ƙasar Angola da ke zaman gudun hijira da ke adawa da zaluncin Portugal ga al'ummar Baƙar fata na Angola.  Bayan ta koma Turai, Haller ta ci gaba da hulɗa da ƙungiyar kuma, a kusa da shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da sittin da biyar 1965, an nemi ta wakilci MPLA (Ƙungiyar Jama'a don 'Yancin Angola) a Alkahira, Masar.    Ta fuskanci jima'i a cikin wannan rawar, tare da jami'an Masar sun hana ta shiga gidajen rediyo har sai da ita da Agostinho Neto suka yi barazanar barin Masar. 

Bayan shekaru goma sha ukku 13 na yaki, Angola ta sami 'yancin kai a ranar goma sha ɗaya 11 ga watan Nuwamba, shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da saba'in da biyar 1975, inda Agostinho Neto ya zama shugabanta na farko. A cikin shekarar Alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da saba'in da takwas 1978, Haller ta zama jakadiya mace ta farko a Angola kuma an aika ta zuwa Stockholm don wakiltar ƙasarta a cikin Masarautar Sweden. Daga baya ta zama darekta a Sashen Asiya da Oceania a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Angola. 

Ta kasance memba na Union of Angolan Writers (UEA) kuma a cikin shekarar Alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da takwas 1988 ta ba da gudummawar labarin yara ga ƙungiyar *Acacia Rubra* anthology.  

Haller ta mutu a ranar sha takwas 18 ga watan Oktoba, shekarar alif dubu biyu da shida 2006 a Geneva, Switzerland, bayan doguwar jinya.  An yi jana'izar ta a Angola.

## Ayyuka
* (anthology of children's stories)

## Manazarta
Isabel Ferreira

**Isabel Ferreira** (an haife ta a ranar 24 ga watan Mayu 1958, Luanda, Angola) marubuciya ce ta Angola. Ta kammala karatun lauya, an san ta da ayyuka kamar *Laços de Amor* (1995), *Caminhos Ledos* (1997), *Nirvana* (2004), da *Remando Daqui* (2005). 

## Ayyuka
**Laços de amor: poemas*, Lagos, 1995. 
**Caminhos Ledos* Luanda, Angola: I. Ferreira, 1996. 
**Nirvana* (2004) 
**À Margem das Palavras Nuas* (2005) 
**Remando Daqui * (2005) 
**O guardador de memórias*, Edições KujizaKuami, 2007. , 
## Manazarta
Dulce Braga

**Dulce Braga** (an haife ta a ranar 16 ga watan Afrilu 1958) marubuciya 'yar  Angola ce, marubuciyar littafin tarihin rayuwar *Sabor de Maboque*, wanda aka buga a shekarar 2009. A cikin littafin, Braga ta ba da labarin abubuwan da ta samu a cikin shekarar 1975, a farkon yakin basasar Angola. 

Sa’ad da take shekara 16, ta gudu zuwa Brazil tare da iyalinta saboda yaƙi. 

## Manazarta
Yaren Futop

Yaren  Futop, **''Efutop** (Ofutop) *, yare ne na Ekoid a [[Najeriya]] . *E-* a cikin *Efutop* yana wakiltar prefix na aji don "yaren", kwatankwacin Bantu *ki-* a cikin *KiSwahili*.

Ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan yaruka daban-daban da ake magana dasu  a yankin Cross River, yankunan sun  haɗa da garin [[Abaragba]] da [[Ekpokpa]], [[Mkpura]], Ndim, [[Okanga-Nkpansi]], Okanga -Njimowan, da [[Okosura]]. Kalmomin David W. Crabb a cikin yarukan  *Ekoid Bantu na Ogoja* sun fito ne daga Mista Anthony A. Eyam a Abaragba . 

== Kalmomin kalmomi ==
Wasu ƙamus (a cikin sauƙaƙeccen rubutun, ba tare da alamun sautin ba):

* **nh** - dabba (sautin sautin sautin) nh yana da baki
* *ng* gaba - antelope (ƙananan-ƙananan-ƙaramin) ng yana da syllabic
* *obuɔ* - hannu, hannu
* *ngkuɔn* - ƙudan zuma
* mmuɔn - yaro
* *nauu* - rana (ƙasa-sama) 
* *nim* - yi (ƙasa) 
* *yum* - bushe (babban sauti) 
* *yinə'' - manta (high-low). 

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Efutop basic lexicon a cikin Global Lexicostatistical Database
Yaren Firan

**Firan** ko Fəràn yare ne na tsaunuka wanda ke da alaƙa da Izere . Yawancin masu magana da yaren  Firan suna da yaruka  da yawa a cikin Firan, Hausa, Turanci, Iten kuma wani lokacin Berom.

## Fasahar sauti

### Bakake

### Wasilla

## Manazarta

## Ƙarin karantawa

* *[https://www.sil.org/resources/publications/entry/87279 Bayanan zamantakewar harshe na Firan (fir) Harshe na Jihar Plateau, Najeriya]*
Yaren Etkywan

**Etkywan**(Etekwe), ko **Icen** (Itchen), yare ne wanda akafi sani da *Kentu* ko *Nyidu*, yare ne na Jukunoid a Najeriya.

## Manazarta
Yaren Galambu

**Galambu** (wanda aka fi sani da Galambi, Galambe, Galembi) yare ne na Afirka da Asiya da ake magana dashi  a Najeriya . Yawancin mambobin kabilanci  sa basa magana da yaren Galambu.

## Manazarta
Yaren Gbantu

**Gbantu** (Gwantu) wani yare ne a yarukan Plateau a Najeriya . *Gwantu* shine sunan babban yaren; sauran su ne Numana, Janda da Numbu.

## Iri-iri
Blench (2019) ya lissafa nau'ikan dake biyowa a cikin abin daya  kira *Numbu-Gbantu-Nunku-Numana*. 

* Numbu
* Gbantu
* Kungiyar  Kwadago (tana da kananan yaruka  uku) 
** Kungiyar Kwadago (wanda ake magana dashi a Kwadago da Ungwar Mallam) 
** Kungiyar Kwadago (wanda ake magana dashi a  Kwadago da Anku) 
** yaren da ake magana dashi a ƙauyukan Nicok (Ungwar Jatau) da Ungwan Makama
* Numana

## Manazarta
Yaren Gbetsu

**Gbətsu** yare ne na plateau a  Najeriya.

## Manazarta
* Blench (2008) Binciken proto-Plateau. Rubutun hannu.
Yaren Ekpeye

**Ekpeye** yana daya daga cikin yarukan  da yawa da ake magana dashi a  Jihar Rivers, a Najeriya. A cewar Roger Blench, an rarraba Ekpeye a matsayin yaren Igboid. Kodayake yaren Igboid , Ekpeye ya samo asali ne zuwa yaren Igboic daban-daban wanda ya bambanta da sauran yarukan Igboid. Yarukan  Engenni, Ogba da Ikwerre suna da alaƙa da Ekpeye. Ekpeye yana da yaruka da yawa da za'a  iya fahimtar juna.

## Tsarin rubuce-rubuce

## Fasahar sauti

### Wasulla
Ekpeye yana da wasulla guda tara:

Yaren  bashi  da dogon wasula na hanci, babu bambanci tsakanin wasula na baki da na hanci. Sautin suna ɗauke da sautuna, kamar yadda Ekpeye yare ne na sautuna.  yana nuna jituwa mai aiki tare.

## Rabe-Rabe

* Jihar Rivers: Ahoada East, Ahoada West, da Ogba-Egbema-Ndoni LGAs.
* Jihar Imo: Ohaji / Egbema LGA

## Manazarta
Yaren Ga'anda

**Ga** (wanda aka fi sani da Ganda, Ga'andu, Mokar, Makwar) yare ne na Biu-Mandara wanda kusan mutane 43,000 ke magana dashi a  yankin Gombi a Jihar Adamawa a Najeriya . Masu magana da yaren yawancin su  suna zaune a fadin tsawon da faɗin Najeriya. Yana da   yare guda uku, Ga'anda, Gabun da Boga; Blench (2006) ya rarraba Gabun yare ne daban.

(2019) ya lissafa Kaɓәn da Fәrtata a matsayin nau'ikan Ga'anda.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin hadi na waje
* Tsarin Harshe na Duniya don shigar da Ga'anda
* Roxana Ma Newman. 1971. "A Case Grammar of Ga'anda," Jami'ar California a Los Angeles PhD dissertation.
Taiwan Hakka

**Hakka na Taiwan** rukuni ne na yare wanda ya ƙunshi yarukan Hakka waɗanda ake magana da su a cikin Taiwan, kuma mutanen zuriyar Hakka galibi ke amfani da su . Hakka ta Taiwan ta kasu zuwa manyan yaruka biyar: Sixian, Hailu, Dabu, Raoping, da Zhao'an .  Yarukan Hakka biyar da aka fi magana a ƙasar Taiwan su ne Sixian da Hailu.  Na farko, yana da sautuna 6, ya samo asali ne daga Meizhou, Guangdong, kuma ana magana da shi a cikin Miaoli, Pingtung da Kaohsiung, yayin da na ƙarshen, yana da sautuna 7, ya samo asali ne daga Haifeng da Lufeng, Guangdong, kuma yana kewaye da Hsinchu .   Hakanan ana lissafin Hakka na Taiwan bisa hukuma a matsayin ɗayan harsunan ƙasar Taiwan. Baya ga manyan yarukan biyar (5), akwai yaren Xihai na arewa da yaren Yongding, Fengshun, Wuping, Wuhua, da Jiexi da ake rarrabawa.

## Rarraba yanki

A cikin shekarar 2014, 'yan Taiwan miliyan 4.2 ne suka bayyana kansu a matsayin Hakka, wanda ke da kashi 18% na yawan jama'a.  Majalisar harkokin Hakka ta ware gundumomi 70 da gundumomi a faɗin Taiwan inda Hakka ke da fiye da kashi uku na yawan jama'a, ciki har da 18 a gundumar Miaoli, 11 a gundumar Hsinchu, da kuma wani 8 a yankunan Pingtung, Hualien, da Taoyuan kowace..

## Matsayi
Tare da gabatar da dokar yaƙi a cikin 1949, gwamnatin KMT ta danne Hakka, tare da Hokkien na Taiwan da sauran yarukan ƴan asali don goyon bayan Mandarin.  A cikin 1988, al'ummar Hakka sun kafa kungiyar Restore My Mother Language Movement don ba da shawara ga 'yancin amfani da kiyaye harshen Hakka.  An sassauta ƙuntatawa harshe bayan 1987 tare da ɗage dokar soja da kuma sauye-sauyen dimokuradiyya.  A cikin 2012, an kafa Majalisar Harkokin Hakka ta matakin ma'aikatar don dakile raguwar harshe a Taiwan.  A watan Disamba na 2017, Yuan na majalisar dokoki ta ayyana Hakka a matsayin harshen hukuma na Taiwan. 

## Ilimin zamantakewa
Yayin da Hakka ke da matsayi a hukumance a Taiwan, ya ga ci gaba da raguwa saboda canjin harshe zuwa mafi rinjayen Mandarin na Taiwan da Hokkien na Taiwan .  Yawan masu magana da Hakka a Taiwan ya ragu da 1.1% a kowace shekara, musamman a tsakanin matasa.  A cikin shekarar 2016, kawai 22.8% na Hakkas masu nuna kansu masu shekaru 19 zuwa 29 sun yi magana da yaren.  A yau, Hakka ta Taiwan ana son amfani da ita a cikin iyalai da kuma cikin al'ummomin gida, wanda ya rage watsa shirye-shiryen tsakanin tsararraki.  Kimanin Hakkas miliyan 2 yanzu sun bayyana kansu a matsayin Hoklo .  Bugu da ƙari, ɗimbin yarukan Hakka da ake amfani da su a ko'ina cikin Taiwan sun hana dai-daita Hakka don koyarwa. 

## Duba kuma

* Tsarin Romanization na Hakka na Taiwan
* Harsunan Taiwan

## Bayanan kula

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*
Yaren. Dong (Nijeriya)

*Dong*, ko **Donga**, yare ne da ba'a  rubuta shi sosai ba a Najeriya. Kodayake a bayyane yake Nijar-Congo, yana da wahala a rarraba shi; masanin yaren na Burtaniya Roger Blench ya bada shawarar cewa yana ɗaya daga cikin yarukan Dakoid, mafi kusa da Gaa.

## Manazarta

## Bayanan littattafai

* Blench, Roger (n.d.) 'Yaren (Dong) da alakarsa'. Ms. ta rarraba a taron 27th Colloquium on African Languages and Linguistics, Leiden, 1994.
* Blench, Roger (2008) 'Tsarin proto-Plateau'. Rubutun hannu.
* Blench, Roger (2011) 'Membobin da tsarin ciki na Bantoid da iyaka da Bantu'. Bantu IV, Jami'ar Humboldt, Berlin.
Yaren Dulbu

**Dulbu** yana daya daga cikin yarukan Bantu a Najeriya. Masu magana dashi suna canzawa zuwa Hausa.

## Manazarta
Yarukan Dii

**Yaren Dii** wani yare ne a cikin reshen Duru a yarukan Savanna . *Yag Dii* shine sunan kabilanci.

Ethnologue ya lissafa Mambe", Mamna'a, Goom, Boow, Ngbang, Sagzee, Vaazin, Home, Nyok a matsayin yaruka, kuma ya lura cewa Goom na iya zama yare daban. Blench (2004) ya lissafa su duka, da kuma *Phaane*, a matsayin yaruka  daban-daban, ba kusa da juna ba fiye da saura yarukan Dii, Duupa, Dugun (Panõ).

**Duupa** (masu magana da yaren mutun 5,000) sun kasance suna zaune a cikin tsaunukan Hosséré Vokré zuwa gabashin Poli (a cikin garin Poli, Sashen Faro, Yankin Arewa).  a yau, yawancinsu  sun sauko daga duwatsu kuma yanzu suna zaune a cikin filayen Kogin Lobi (a kusa da mahaɗar inda hanyar Ngaoundéré-Garoua ta wuce) da kuma a Poli.

**Dugun**, wanda kuma ake kira **Pa'no** (masu magana da yaren mutun 7,000 (Lars Lode 1997)), suna zaune a kudu maso gabashin Poli a yankin Arewa (a cikin garin Poli, garin Faro, da garin Lagdo a cikin sashen Bénoué). *Dugun* suna zaune a cikin filayen, kuma *Saa* a tsakiyar wani tsaunuka wanda yake da wuyar isa. Lars Lode, masanin yare  na mishan, ya kiyasta kamanceceniya na 95% tsakanin nau'ikan biyu ta amfani da jerin kalmomi 100. Dugun suna ɗaukar kansu a matsayin rukuni na mutanen Dii (ko Duru). , koda yake yana da alaƙa da Dii, ya bambanta.

**Dii** (47,000 mutane magana da yaren  (SIL 1982)) suna zaune a gabashin Dugun. Suna zaune a babban bangare na filayen Kogin Bénoué, gami da sassan Mayo-Rey (Tcholliré commune, Yankin Arewa) da Vina (Mbé da Ngaoundéré communes, Yankin Adamaoua). Sun fi yawa a gabashin Poli a cikin filayen Mayo-Sala da Mayo-Rey (a cikin garin Tcholliré) da kuma yankin Benue River (a cikin yankin Lagdo) da kuma saman yankin Vina River (a yankunan Nganha da Mbé), a gefen dutsen Adamaoua (Ngaoundéré). **Nyok**, wanda wasu masu magana da yaren Dii suka ɗauka a matsayin yaren sirri (yaren  na masu sihiri), na iya zama yare daban. Bugu  da ƙari, ba'a  san abubuwa da yawa game da **Goom** ba, wanda *ALCAM* (2012) ya ɗauka a matsayin yaren Dii.

## Tsarin Rubuce-rubuce

Ana nuna nasalisation tare da cedilla: ‹a̧, ː, ə̧, i̧, o̧, u̧›; Ba za a iya sanya sautin ‹ɨ, ɔ, ʉ› ba.  

Ana nuna sautunan ta hanyar karin magana

* Babban sautin yana nunawa ta hanyar karin magana: ‹á, á̧, é, ː́, í, í̧, ɨ́, ó, ó̧, ɔ́, ú, ú̧, ʉ́›; 
* Sautin da bashi da kyau ana nuna shi ta hanyar magana mai tsanani: ‹à, à̧, è, ː, ə̧, ì, ì, ɨ̀, ò, ò̧, ɔ̀, ù, ù̧, ʉ̀›; 
* Matsakaicin sautin yana nunawa ba tare da alamar ba: ‹a, a̧, e, ː, i̧, ɨ, o, o̧, ɔ, u, u̧, ʉ›.

## Manazarta

* [Hasiya] Jerin harsunan Adamawa (ms)
Silvia Correale

Dokta **Silvia Monica Correale** lauya ce ta Argentina da Italiya daga Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina .  Ita  mace ta farko da ta taɓa zama Postulator a Vatican City, bayan ta yi aiki a can tun bayan kammala karatunta daga jami'a.

## Ilimi
Corrale ta yi karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Katolika ta Pontifical ta Argentina sannan ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa na tauhidin shekaru uku.  shekara ta 1988, ta koma Roma, Italiya, don yin karatu don digiri a fannin shari'a a Jami'ar Pontifical ta Saint Thomas Aquinas kuma ta zama likita a fannin dokar canon bayan kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Lateran "*[[Summa cum laude]]*".  yi amfani da cancanta don yin magana da kafofin watsa labarai a madadin Vatican dangane da dokar canon.

.

## Ayyuka
Corrale  fara aiki ga Mai Tsarki a shekarar 1992 a matsayin Mataimakin Kwamishinan Tsaro na Link a cikin Kwamitin Musamman na Super Rato.  Daga baya aka kira  "Decana de los Argentinos en Roma" (Turanci: Dean na Argentines a Roma) saboda ita ce mafi dadewa da ke aiki a Birnin Vatican.  shekara ta 2007, Paparoma Benedict na XVI ya nada ta a matsayin mace ta farko mai gabatar da kara don sashen beatification da Ikilisiyar Dalilan Tsarkaka. Ɗaya daga cikin shari'ar ta farko ya haɗa da beatification na Kadanal na Vietnam, François-Xavier Nguyên Van Thuân .  matsayinta na mai gabatar da kara, ta mayar da hankalinta kan beatification na yiwuwar tsarkaka na Argentina, [1] [2] ta zama sananne a matsayin ƙwararren mai gabatar da rahoto ga shari'o'in Argentina. Tun lokacin  aka naɗa ta, an sami ƙarin mata masu yawa da aka nada a cikin Ikilisiyar Dalilan Tsarkaka.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Bado da wake

**Bado da Wake** wani nau'in abinci ne wanda akasari ana samun shi a wasu jahohin arewacin kasar Najeriya yana da amfani sosai a jikin dan adam 

## Kayan Hadi
# Bado
# Wake
# Maggi
# Man gyada
# Ganyan latas 
# Albasa
# Yaji/Barkono

## Yadda ake hadawa
Zaa wamke wake sai adafa shi idan ya dahu sai a aje wuri guda

A dauko bado a wanke shi a rege shi sosai don bado yana da kasa sai azuba a tukunya a dafa shi shi in ya dahu a sabke a aje wui guda

Za'a yanka latas da albasa sai a zuba badon da wake da man gyada, maggi, yaji, latas da albasa a motse sai a ci gaba da ci  

## Manazarta
Amélia Veiga

**Amélia Veiga**, wanda kuma aka fi sani da **Amélia Maria Ramos Veiga Silva** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1931) mawaƙiya ce   kuma Malama 'yar Angola haifaffiyar Portugal.

An haifi Amélia Veiga a ranar 1 ga watan Disamba, 1931     a Silves, Portugal. A shekarar 1951 ta ƙaura zuwa Angola, inda ta koyar a Sá da Bandeira kuma ta fara buga waƙoƙi. Ƙaramar hukumar Camara ta Sá da Bandeira ta ba ta lambar yabo ta Fernando Pessoa saboda *wakokinta* (1963).

Veiga kuma ta yi aiki a Cibiyar Ilimi mai zurfi kan Nazarin Manufofin (CIPES) a Matosinhos, Portugal na shekaru da yawa.

Waƙar Veiga 'Angola', wanda ke kwatanta ƙasar mai magana a matsayin uwa mai gado, an yi ta maimaita sau da yawa.  

## Ayyuka

* *Destinos*, 1961
* Poemas, 1963
* *Libertação*, 1974

## Manazarta
Lisa Castel

**Lisa Castel** (an haife ta a ranar 22 ga watan Disamba 1955 a Quela, Lardin Malanje), marubuciya ce kuma 'yar jarida 'yar ƙasar Angola.

A cewar Luís Kandjimbo, Castel na cikin rukuni na marubuta mata na zamani a Angola irin su Ana Paula Tavares, Amélia da Lomba da Ana de Santana, wanda ya kira "Ƙarni na rashin tabbas" ("Geração das Incertezas"), marubuta. waɗanda yawanci ke nuna bacin rai da rashi a cikin ayyukansu, suna nuna rashin jin dadinsu da yanayin siyasa da zamantakewa a ƙasar.

Castel ta yi aiki ga *Jornal de Angola* da mujallar *[[Archote]].* Ita ce ta rubuta tarin wakoki *Mukanda*, wanda aka wallafa a shekarar 1988.

## Ayyuka
**Mukanda*, Luanda, Angola : União dos Escritores Angolanos, 1988. 

## Manazarta
Maria Celestina Fernandes

**Maria Celestina Fernandes** (an haife ta a ranar 12 ga watan Satumba 1945) marubuciya ce ta yaran Angola. Ta kuma rubuta wakoki da gajerun labarai, kuma ta yi aiki a baya a matsayin ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa da lauya. Ta samu kyaututtuka da dama da suka haɗa da Prémio Literário Jardim do Livro Infantil, Prémio Caxinde do Conto Infantil, da Prémio Excelência Literária (Troféu Corujão das Letras).

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Maria Celestina Fernandes a Lubango a ranar 12 ga watan Satumban shekarar 1945, 'yar  ma'aikacin gwamnati.   Ta yi karatu a makarantar sakandare ta Salvador Correia da ke Luanda.

Fernandes ta samu horo a matsayin ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa a Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Pio XII, kuma ta sami digiri  a  fannin doka daga Faculty of Law of Agostinho Neto University.

## Sana'a
A cikin shekarar 1975, Fernandes ta fara aiki a Babban Bankin Angola, kuma ta kasance a can fiye da shekaru ashirin, ta tashi daga shugaban sashin zamantakewa zuwa mataimakiyar darakta na sashin shari'a, kuma daga baya ta yi ritaya. 

Fernandes ta fara rubutu a ƙarshen 1980s, da farko a cikin *Jornal de Angola* da *Boletim da Organização da Mulher Angolana* (OMA).  Tun a shekarar 1990, ta buga littattafai masu yawa.  A cikin watan Fabrairun shekarar 2016, ta halarci bikin wallafe-wallafe a Lisbon, Portugal, wanda tsohon shugaban ƙasar, Jorge Sampaio ya shirya. 

Fernandes memba ce ta Ƙungiyar Marubuta ta Angolan da Ƙungiyar Chá de Caxinde.

## Wallafe-wallafen da aka zaɓa
Littattafanta sun haɗa da:
* A borboleta cor de ouro, UEA, 1990
* Kalimba, INALD, 1992
* A árvore dos gingongos, Edições Margem. 1993
* A rainha tartaruga, INALD, 1997
* A filha do soba, Nzila, 2001
* O presente, Chá de Caxinde, 2002
* A estrela que sorri, UEA, 2005
* É preciso prevenir, UEA, 2006
* As três aventureiras no parque e a joaninha, UEA, 2006
* União Arco-Íris, INALD, 2006
* Colectânea de contos, INALD, 2006
* Retalhos da vida, INALD, 1992
* Poemas, UEA, 1995
* O meu canto, UEA, 2004
* Os panos brancos, UEA, 2004
* A Muxiluanda, Chá de Caxinde, 2008
* Kambas para Sempre, Kapulana, 2017

## Kyautattuka
Kyautattukan da ta samu sun hada da:
* Prémio Literário Jardim do Livro Infantil, 2010
* Prémio Caxinde do Conto Infantil, 2012
* Prémio Excelência Literária (Troféu Corujão das Letras), 2015

## Manazarta
Ana de Santana

**Ana Paula de Jesus Faria Santana**, wacce aka fi sani da **Ana de Santana** ko **Ana Koluki** (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga watan Oktobar shekarar  1960), kuma marubuciya ce 'yar ƙasar Angola .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Santana a  garin Gabela, lardin Kwanza Sul, amma ta girma a Luanda, kasar  Angola. Ta yi digiri na biyu a fannin tattalin arziki da Kasuwanci (BA Hon.) a Jami'ar Westminster da Master of Science (MSc Merit) a fannin Tarihin Tattalin Arziki da Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki da Kimiyyar Siyasa ta London (LSE). A cikin shekarar 1986 ta wallafa tarin wakoki *Sabores, Odores e Sonho* ("Flavors, Scents and Reveries").    Haɗa al'adun Angola da Afirka, gazawar siyasa da rikicin cikin gida,  aikinta yana bayyana rarrabuwar kawuna a rayuwar yau da kullun.  Waƙoƙin sun kunshi wargajewar jumlolin da ke bayyana dagewar da ba za ta yiwu ba, da sha’awa ta takaici.

Farfesa Oyekan Owomoyela ya yi imanin cewa Santana da Ana Paula Tavares (an haife su a shekara ta 1952) suna da "musamman sha'awa da mahimmanci" a tsakanin mawakan Angola na shekarun 1980, nau'in wanda galibi marubuta maza ne suka mamaye shi.   A cewar Luís Kandjimbo, Santana na cikin rukuni na marubuta mata na zamani a Angola, wanda ya kira "Geração das Incertezas" ("Geração das Incertezas"), marubutan da suka nuna damuwa da damuwa a cikin ayyukansu, suna nuna rashin jin daɗi tare da su. yanayin siyasa da zamantakewa a ƙasar; "Ƙarnin Rashin tabbas", wanda kuma ya haɗa da João Maimona, José Eduardo Agualusa, Lopito Feijoó, da João de Melo, suna wakiltar ƙungiyoyin wakoki na shekarar 1980 na Angola.   Ita kuma ta zamani ce ta mawaƙiya Maria Alexandre Dáskalos (an haife ta a shekara ta 1957).  Santana, Dáskalos, da Tavares an lura da su don "bincika al'amurran da suka shafi sha'awar batsa da madigo".

## Manazarta
Carla Prata

**Carla Prata** (an haife ta a ranar 5 ga watan Satumba, 1999 a Landan) 'yar Angola ce mawaƙiyar R&B ta Portugal.

## Tarihin Rayuwa da kuma aiki
An haife ta a Landan, ɗiyar iyayen Angola, Prata ta rayu tun tana ƙarama a babban birnin Burtaniya sannan ta yi wani ɓangare na kuruciyarta a Benguela, Angola. A shekarar 2018, ta koma Lisbon. Ta fara yin kaɗe-kaɗe tun tana shekara 13 kacal, bayan mahaifinta ya ba ta makirufo da madannai na MIDI. Aikinta ya fara ne a shekarar 2013 tare da buga faifan bidiyo da yawa akan tashar ta YouTube. A shekarar 2015, ta yi rikodin waƙartaa ta farko ta studio, All Right, haɗin gwiwa tare da Edson Roberto.   

An nuna Prata a dandalin COLORS na Jamus, inda ta yi Certified Freak, sannan *Mai shi* ya biyo baya bayan 'yan watanni.

## Kundi
* 2016 - *Vol. 1.* (EP)
* 2017 - *Com Calma* (EP)
* 2020 - *Roots* prod. Sony Music (EP)

## Manazarta
Yola Araújo

**Yola Catiana Moreira de Araújo** (an haife ta a ranar 13 ga watan Yuni a shikara ta 1978), wacce kuma aka sani da **Yola Araújo**, mawaƙiyar Angola ce, wacce aka fi sani da aikinta a cikin nau'ikan kizomba da semba.

Ta yi aiki tare da wasu fitattun masu fasaha na Angola kamar Yola Semedo, Ary, da Anselmo Ralph. Wasu daga cikin wasanninta sun haɗa da "Quadradinha", "Não é justo não", "Eu sou" (feat. Fabious), da "Página Virada", da sauransu. Ɗaya daga cikin bidiyon kiɗanta yana nuna samfurin Tyson Beckford. An zaɓe ta a matsayin mafi kyawun Mawakiyar Mata na Palop a Kyautar Nishaɗi ta Afirka ta 2020 Amurka, wanda aka gudanar a Newark, New Jersey, Amurka.  Tana da 'ya'ya biyu tare da tsohon mijinta Fredy Costa: Ayan Costa da Jason Costa. 

An wanke Araújo a shekara ta 2007 bayan an yanke wa Costa hukunci bayan duka biyun da ake zargin sun kai wa ƴar wasan kwaikwayo Tânia Burity hari ta jiki.   Tuni dai mutanen biyu suka sasanta bayan faruwar lamarin.

## Kundi
* 2001: *Sensual*
* 2005: *Um Pouco Diferente*
* 2007: *Diferente e mais um Pouco*
* 2010: *Em Nome do Amor*
* 2014: *A Fada do Amor*
* 2015: *Team de Sonho*

## Manazarta
Faten tsaki

**Faten Tsaki** wani nau'in abinci ne da ake yi da tsakin masara akasari an fi yinshi a arewacin Najeriya. 

## Sinadarai
* Tsakin Masara
* Cefane 
* maggi
* Curry
* Alaiyahu
* Mai.

## Yadda ake hadawa
Da farko dai za,a sami masara a surfata a wanke sai a  Kai barji a inji idan aka barzo sai a tankade da rariya sai a cire dusar dake ciki idan ya fita yayi kyau  daganan kuma sai a Dora tukunya  a zuba kayan Hadi su magi mai kayan Miya dadai sauransu idan ya tafasa sai a zuba wannan tsakin a rinka juyawa da muciya har sai yayi kauri sai a barshi ya dahu anayi ana juyawa har sai yayi yadda ka/ki ke bukata shike nan sai a sauke shi sai a sha Dadi lpy  

## Manazarta
Dear Son Maruthu

***Dear Son Maruth***  wani fim ɗin wasan kwaikwayo ne na yaren Tamil na ƙasar Indiya a shekarar 1995 wanda M. Solai Rajendran ya jagoranta. Fim ɗin ya haɗa da Rahman, Sivakumar da Soundarya, tare da Siva, Roopa Sree, Manorama, Nassar, Srividya, Sudha da Delhi Ganesh suna taka rawa. An sake shi a ranar 21 ga Disamba, Shekara ta 1995.

## Labarin fim
Fim ɗin ya fara da Maruthu ya bar gidan yari. Kuskure ne lauya Raani ya tura Maruthu gidan yari bisa laifin da bai aikata ba. Raani, wadda ta ji laifin tura wani mutum da ba shi da laifi gidan yari, ya nemi gafara, amma Maruthu ta ki yafe mata, ta kuma nemi ta so shi. Sai Maruthu da Raani suka fara soyayya da juna. Maruthu yana da ɗan uwa mai suna Ravi, kuma ƴan uwan biyu suna yin ajin rawa. Maruthu mutum ne mai kirki, yayin da Ravi mai son mata ne.

Daga nan Maruthu ya yi abota da Viswanathan, mashahurin likitan tiyata.  Viswanathan ya rasa ɗansa tilo mai suna Ashok.

Kaveri tana soyayya gefe  gefe ɗaya da Ravi, amma tana jin kunyar bayyana hakan. Bayan marutu ya sani sai ya amshi soyayyarta ya gaya ma ɗan uwansa. Wata rana, Ravi ya yi ƙoƙarin yi wa Kaveri fyade a gidansa, amma Maruthu ya cece ta cikin lokaci kuma ya yi wa ɗan uwansa rauni a kai. Ravi ya mutu daga mummunan rauni a kai. Sai Viswanathan ya shawarci Maruthu ya gudu.

Daga baya, Viswanathan ya gano cewa Ravi shine ɗansa Ashok da ya ɓace. Wata rana Parvathi ya kawo Maruthu a gidansa, yana tunanin cewa shi Ashok ne.

## Yin wasan kwaikwayo
 

## Sauti
Deva ne ya shirya waƙar.  

## liyafar
*Hindu* ta rubuta cewa, "Duk da kwararan shaidun shigar matashin a cikin kisan kai likitan ya kare shi. Wannan kyakkyawan yanayi na ra'ayoyi masu cin karo da juna da rikice-rikice na motsin rai an fassara shi dai-dai akan allon ta hanyar darektan M. Solai Rajendran, ɗan lafiya. sanannen marubucin wasan kwaikwayo Solamalai, a cikin Madans Movie Creations, *Dear Son Maruthu* ".

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*
The Writers' Room

***Dakin Marubuta Wani*** shirin talabijin ne na Ƙasar Amurka wanda marubucin allo kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Jim Rash ya shirya. Kowane shirin yana nuna kallon bayan fage na ma'aikatan rubuce-rubucen shahararrun jerin talabijin. An fara shirin a ranar 29 watan ga Yuli, na shekara ta 2013.
 

## Gabatarwa
Sanin tsarin, lambar yabo ta Academy - wanda ya lashe kyautar allo kuma tsohon ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Jim Rash yayi magana tare da masu ƙirƙira da manyan marubutan abubuwan da aka yaba da shirye-shiryen talabijin don bincika aura a cikin "ɗakin marubuta" da tsarin tunanin marubuta ta kowane ɓangare. .

## Shirye-shirye

### Season 1 (2013)

## Kyauta

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* 
*
Ana Paula Ribeiro Tavares

**Ana Paula Ribeiro Tavares** (an haife  ta a ranar 30 ga watan Oktoba 1952, Lubango, Lardin Huíla, Angola)  mawakiyar Angola ce.

Tavares ta fara karatun digirinta na farko a fannin tarihi a jami'ar Lubango Institute of Sciences and Education (ISCED), kafin ta koma Lisbon inda a shekarar 1996 ta kammala digiri na biyu a fannin adabin Afirka. A halin yanzu tana zaune a Portugal, tana da PhD a fannin adabi kuma tana koyarwa a Jami'ar Katolika ta Lisbon.

Daga shekarun 1988 zuwa 1990, Tavares ta kasance memba na hukumar bayar da lambar yabo ta adabi a Angola, kuma ta kasance shugabar ofishin bincike na cibiyar bincike ta ƙasa da bincike na tarihi a Luanda daga shekarun 1983 zuwa 1985. Har ila yau, ta kasance memba na kungiyoyin al'adu da dama, ciki har da Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Angolan International Council of Museums (ICOM), Kwamitin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na Angolan International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS), da Kwamitin Angola na UNESCO. An wallafa wakokinta da watsawa a cikin littattafan tarihi a Portugal, Brazil, Faransa, Jamus, Spain da Sweden.

## Ayyuka
**Ritos de Passagem* (1985)
**O Sangue da Buganvília* (1998)
**O Lago da Lua* (1999)
**Dizes-me coisas amargas como os frutos* (2001)
* *A cabeça de Salomé* (2004)
* *Os olhos do homem que chorava no rio* (with Manuel Jorge Marmelo) (2005)
* *Manual para amantes desesperados* (2007)

## Manazarta
Jandira Sassingui Neto

**Jandira Sassingui Neto** (an haife ta a ranar 28 ga watan Afrilu 1983) mawaƙiya ce kuma marubuciyar waƙar Angola. An haife ta a lardin Huambo da ke tsakiyar ƙasar Angola kuma an fi saninta da sunanta mai suna Pearl.  

## Rayuwar farko
An haife ta a lardin Huambo a shekarar 1983, Pearl ƴar uwa ce wacce likita ce. Mahaifinta lauya ne kuma mawaki. Mahaifinta, Manuel Sassingui (wanda ya rasu a yanzu) yana cikin ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Stars of the South. Sa’ad da yake ɗan shekara tara, tare da mahaifiyarsa da ’yan’uwansa uku, danginsu sun ƙaura daga Huambo zuwa Luanda saboda Yaƙin Basasa na Angola. Bayan 'yan shekaru, sun tafi Windhoek, babban birnin Namibiya. Ta yi karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Pretoria, Afirka ta Kudu.

## Sana'a
Ta sami babbar dama ta farko a duniyar kiɗa a Pretoria, wanda aka yi  ishara zuwa gare ta ta hanyar nuna basirar Coca-Cola Pop Stars. Ta shiga gasar amma daga karshe za a kore ta saboda rashin zama 'yar Afirka ta Kudu. Tun daga nan ta zama shahararriyar mawakiya kuma ta yi waka a Angola da Portugal.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Tana da 'ya, Valentine, tare da Sérgio Neto, babban darektan Semba Comunicação.

## Manazarta
Yaren Mbembe

**Mbembe** na ɗaya daga cikin yaren Cross River ne na Najeriya. **Odut**,  iri-iri iri-iri da ake magana a wani ƙauye mai nisa a Kudancin sauran Mbembe, yana da masu magana 20 a cikin 1980 kuma yana iya ɓacewa.

## Manazarta
Yaren Mawa (Najeriya)

**Mawa** yare ne da ba'a tantance ba a Nijeriya. Da alama ya sha bamban da yaren Chadi wanda kuma ake kira Mawa, haka kuma ba a tantance shi ba.   

## Manazarta
Yaren Mantsi

Masu magana galibi suna cikin lardin Hà Giang, Vietnam. A kasar Sin, ana rarraba masu magana a matsayin rukuni na mutanen Yi. A Vietnam ana kiran su *Lô Lô* kuma an rarraba su a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ƙabilu 54 na hukuma a Vietnam.  

## Manazarta
Ex corde Ecclesiae

*Ex corde Ecclesiae (Turanci: ) * kundin tsarin mulki ne na manzanni wanda Paparoma John Paul II ya bayar game da kwalejoji Katolika da jami'o'i. An kuma gabatar da shi a ranar 15 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1990  kuma an yi niyyar zama mai tasiri a cikin shekara ta ilimi tun daga shekarar 1991, manufarsa ita ce ta ayyana da kuma inganta Katolika na cibiyoyin Katolika na ilimi mafi girma.

Cibiyoyin da ke da'awar zama Katolika za su buƙaci tabbatarwa daga "Mai Tsarki, ta Taron Episcopal ko wani Majalisar Katolika, ko kuma ta bishop na diocese". Cibiyoyin da a halin yanzu ke da'awar zama Katolika ana ɗaukar su Katolika, sai dai kuma idan an bayyana ba haka ba. Takardar ta ambaci canon 810  na Dokar Canon ta 1983,  wanda ke ba da umarnin wuraren ilimin Katolika don girmama ka'idojin da bishops na gida suka kafa.  corde ya jaddada ikon bishops kuma ya ambaci cewa dokar canon (canon 812) [1] tana buƙatar duk malamai na tauhidin, a kwalejojin Katolika da jami'o'i, su sami umarnin ikon Ikklisiya na gida (yawanci bishop na gida).

Ana kallon kundin tsarin mulkin manzanni a matsayin sokewa ga Bayanin Land O'Lakes , 1967 da mahalarta taron ƙarawa juna sani da Jami'ar Notre Dame ta ɗauki nauyin nauyin jami'o'in Katolika.  Wadanda suka halarci wannan taron ƙarawa juna sani na Amurka sun hada da shugabannin jami'o'i masu zuwa: Jami'ar Notre Dame, Georgetown, Seton Hall, Kwalejin Boston, Fordham, Jami'ar St. Louis, da Jami'ar Katolika ta Puerto Rico . Sama da wasu malamai goma sha biyu daga manyan makarantun Katolika na Arewacin Amurka suma sun halarta. 

## Abinda ke ciki

* Gabatarwa
* Sashe na 1 - Bayyanawa da Manufar
* Sashe na 2 - Dokokin Gaba ɗaya
* Ka'idojin Canji
* Ƙarshen

## Matsayin tauhidin

* Ilimin tauhidi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin neman haɗin ilimi da kuma tattaunawa tsakanin bangaskiya da dalili. Yana aiki da duk sauran fannoni a cikin binciken su na ma'ana... Saboda takamaiman muhimmancinsa tsakanin fannonin ilimi, kowane Jami'ar Katolika ya kamata ya sami baiwa, ko aƙalla kujera, na tauhidin" (Ex Corde Ecclesiae §19) 

## Tasirin
.Yawancin jamiin Katolika sun fara bayar da shirye-shirye a cikin karatun Katolika a matsayin martani ga encyclical. Misali, an kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Katolika a Minnesota)" id="mwSw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="University of St. Thomas (Minnesota)">Jami'ar St. Thomas a Minnesota a shekarar 1992.

## Dubi kuma

* *Ilimi mai zurfi*
* Kungiyar Cardinal Newman, kungiyar tallafi a Amurka
* Jami'ar Katolika ta Pontifical ta Peru

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Ƙarin karantawa

* Hahn, L. Michael, O. S. B. "Daga Communion zuwa Synodality: The Ecclesial Vision of Paparoma Francis and Its Implications for Catholic Higher Education in the United States" (PhD dissertation, Boston College, 2019) abstract

## Haɗin waje
Sport

Ayyukan ɗan adam wanda ya haɗa da motsa jiki da fasaha a matsayin babban abin da ake mayar da hankali a kai, tare da abubuwan gasa ko haɗin kai na zamantakewa inda ƙa'idodi da tsarin ɗabi'a da ke tafiyar da ayyukan ke wanzuwa ta hanyar ƙungiyoyi kuma gaba ɗaya ana gane su azaman wasa.

## MANAZARTA

https://www.clearinghouseforsport.
Paula Francisco Coelho

**Paula Cristina Francisco Coelho** (an haife ta a ranar 7 ga watan Yuli, 1981) an naɗa ta ministar muhalli ta Jamhuriyar Angola a watan Satumba na 2017 ƙarƙashin gwamnatin João Lourenço.   Kafin ta zama Ministar Muhalli, ta kasance Sakatariyar Kula da Dabbobi da Kare halittu  Ta fara aikinta da ma’aikatar muhalli a matsayin mai fasaha, daga baya ta zama Darakta mai kula da halittu na ƙasa. 

Yayin da take da gogewa wajen tunkarar ƙalubalen muhalli a Angola, ta tsara ayyuka da dama da suka shafi bambancin halittu, sauyin yanayi, sarrafa shara, kiyaye ƙasa da ruwa. Paula Francisco tana da digiri na farko a cikin kula da wuraren kariya daga Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tshwane, Afirka ta Kudu. An haife ta a Luanda, mamba ce mai ƙwazo a cikin kwamitin tsakiya na ƙungiyar jama'a da 'yantar da Angola  kuma na Ƙungiyar Mata ta Angolan.

Abubuwan da suka sa gaba a cikin aikinta su ne ilimin muhalli, sarrafa sharar gida da kuma karfafa manufofin da suka shafi namun daji. 

## Manazarta
Maria de Fátima Monteiro Jardim

**Maria de Fátima Monteiro Jardim** yar siyasa ce kuma jami'ar diflomasiyyar Angola.

Ita ce ministar kamun kifi ta Angola daga shekarun 1992, zuwa 1996, a gwamnatin José Eduardo dos Santos,  sannan ministar kamun kifi da muhalli daga shekarun 1996, zuwa 2002. Jardim ta kasance 'yar majalisar tarayya daga shekarun 2003, zuwa 2008.

Daga shekarun 2008, zuwa 2017 an naɗa ta ministar muhalli.   A shekarar 2015, ta kasance jakadiyar ƙasar Angola mai kula da sauyin yanayi a COP 21, waccy ke wakiltar ƙasashe mafi karancin ci gaba a tattaunawar da ta kai ga yarjejeniyar Paris. 

Tun daga shekarar 2019, ita jakadiyar Angola ce a Italiya,   da Malta tun a shekarar 2021  da Albaniya tun a shekarar 2023. 

## Duba kuma.

* Siyasar Angola.

## Manazarta.
Ana Paula dos Santos

**Ana Paula Cristovão Lemos dos Santos** ( [ ˈɐnɐ ˈpawlɐ ɗuʃ ˈsɐ̃tuʃ ]; An haifi ta a ranar 17 ga watan Oktoba 1963) matar tsohon shugaban ƙasar Angola, José Eduardo dos Santos. Ta kasance uwargidan shugaban ƙasar Angola daga shekarun 1991 zuwa 2017.

Tsohuwar samfurin kayyayaki kuma mai masaukin baki a jirgin shugaban ƙasar Angola, dos Santos ta haɗu da mijinta a lokacin da take aiki a jirgin shugaban ƙasa. Sun yi aure a ranar 17 ga watan Mayu 1991 kuma iyayen yara uku ne, Eduane Danilo dos Santos (an haife shi a ranar 29 ga watan Satumba 1991), Joseana dos Santos (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga watan Afrilu 1995) da Eduardo Breno dos Santos (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Oktoba 1998).  Tsakanin shekarun 1990 zuwa 1994, ta kammala horar da malamai na jiha a Cibiyar Ilimi ta ƙasa, Luanda. Daga baya ta kammala karatun shari'a a Faculty of Law na Jami'ar Agostinho Neto.

Wani jami'in diflomasiyya ya bayyana shugaban ƙasar da uwargidan shugaban ƙasar a matsayin: "ma'aurata kyawawa, masu kayatarwa da tsada, suna neman duk duniya kamar suna zaune a kudancin California."  A cikin shekarar 1997 Ana Paula ta ba da sanarwar cewa ɗanta mai shekaru biyar zai yi rajista a makarantar Portuguese a Luanda saboda "mummunan inganci" na ilimin jihar (wanda da yawa ke ɗaukar alhakin mijinta). Ta kuma yi kokarin ganin an ji gabanta a harkokin gudanarwa; wani mataki da ya harzuka al'ummar siyasar ƙasar. Har ila yau a karkashin wuta akwai sha'awar kasuwancinta, musamman lu'u-lu'u.

Dos Santos majiɓinciya ce na Kwamitin don tallafawa matan karkara (COMUR), tana tallafawa da ƙananan kuɗaɗen bashi. Ta wakilci ƙasarta a taron ƙananan bashi na shugabannin ƙasashe da gwamnatoci a Washington, DC, a shekarar 1997.

Dos Santos ta kuma taka rawar gani wajen tallafa wa waɗanda nakiyoyin suka shafa. Ta kafa gidauniyar Lwini don haɗin kai na zamantakewa wanda aka sadaukar don tallafawa fararen hula, musamman mata da yara. 

## Manazarta
Ana Maria Teles Carreira

**Ana Maria Teles Carreira** jakadiyar Angola ce wacce ta yi ayyukan diflomasiyya a Thailand, Indiya, Burtaniya da Ireland ta Arewa, da Ghana.

## Aiki
Carreira tana da digiri a fannin shari'a, MA a cikin nazarin diflomasiyya daga Kwalejin Diplomasiyya na London a Jami'ar Westminster, kuma jami'iyyar diflomasiyya ce na aiki a Sabis na Harkokin Waje na Angola.  Daga cikin muƙaman da ta riƙe a ma’aikatar hulda da ƙasashen waje akwai darakta mai kula da harkokin shari’a da na ofishin jakadanci da kuma darakta mai kula da yankin Asiya da Oceania. Ta yi aiki a Kongo-Brazzaville a matsayin mai ba da shawara kuma jakadiya ce a Indiya kuma jakadiyar da ba ta zama ba a Thailand. An ba ta izini ga Kotun St. James a watan Nuwamba 2005. Ita ma ba ta zama Jakadiya a Ireland ba.   Daga shekarun 2011 zuwa 2017, ta kasance jakadiyar Angola a Ghana.

## Manazarta