Sharar gida dake sarrafa iskar gas

**Sharar** gida bawul ne dake sarrafa kwararar iskar gas zuwa injin turbocharged.

Karkatar da iskar gas mai fitar da iskar gas yana daidaita saurin turbine wanda hakan ke daidaita saurin jujjuyawar kwampreso. Babban aiki na sharar gida shine daidaita matsakaicin matsa lamba a cikin tsarin turbocharger, don kare injin da turbocharger. Kuma Ɗaya daga cikin fa'ida na shigar da sharar gida mai nisa zuwa turbo mai kyauta (ko wanda ba WG ba) ya haɗa da izini don ƙaramin gidaje na turbine A/R, yana haifar da ƙarancin ƙarancin lokaci kafin turbo ya fara spool da haɓaka. 

## Nau'in sharar gida

### Na waje

Wurin sharar gida, wani keɓantaccen tsari ne mai ƙunshe da kai wanda yawanci ana amfani da shi tare da turbochargers waɗanda ba su da sharar gida. Ƙofar sharar gida tana buƙatar ƙera na musamman turbo manifold tare da keɓe mai gudu zuwa ga sharar gida. Sannan Kuma  Ƙaƙƙarfan sharar gida na waje na iya kasancewa wani ɓangare na sharar gida da kanta. Ana amfani da ɓangarorin waje na waje don daidaita matakan haɓaka daidai gwargwado fiye da sharar gida a cikin manyan aikace-aikacen wutar lantarki, inda za a iya samun manyan matakan haɓakawa. Wuraren sharar gida na iya zama mafi girma tun da babu wani ƙuntatawa na haɗa bawul ko bazara a cikin turbocharger da gidaje na turbine. Yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da gate mai sharar gida tare da turbocharger na ciki. Ana iya samun wannan ta hanyar ɓangarorin da aka kera na musamman mai sauƙi wanda ke toshewa tare da taƙaita motsin hannun mai kunnawa, tare da kiyaye shi daga buɗewa. Kuma Wata hanya kuma ta haɗa da walda mashigar sharar gida wanda ke hana shi buɗewa har abada, amma gazawar walda na iya ba shi damar sake buɗewa.

Sharar gida gabaɗaya suna amfani da bawul mai kama da bawul ɗin poppet dsilinda. mu a kan silinda Sannan  Koyaya ana sarrafa su ta hanyar pneumatics maimakon camshaft kuma suna buɗewa ta wata hanya. Har ila yau, sharar gida na waje na iya amfani da bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido, kodayake hakan ba shi da yawa.

### Na ciki
Wurin sharar gida shi ne ginannen bawul ɗin kewayawa da wucewa a cikin mahalli na turbocharger wanda ke ba da izinin wuce gona da iri don ketare injin ɗin zuwa cikin shayewar ƙasa. Sannan Sarrafa bawul ɗin sharar gida ta hanyar siginar matsa lamba daga mahaɗar abun ciki iri ɗaya ne da na ƙofar sharar gida. Fa'idodin sun haɗa da mafi sauƙi kuma mafi ƙarancin shigarwa, ba tare da bututun sharar gida na waje ba. Bugu da ƙari, duk iskar gas ɗin sharar gida ana sake tura su ta atomatik zuwa cikin na'ura mai jujjuyawa da tsarin shaye-shaye. Yawancin OEM turbochargers suna da irin wannan. Kuma Lalacewar idan aka kwatanta da sharar gida ta waje sun haɗa da iyakataccen ikon zubar da jini daga matsin shayewa saboda ɗan ƙaramin diamita na bawul ɗin kewayawa na ciki, da ƙarancin aiki mai inganci a ƙarƙashin yanayin haɓakawa.

## Ƙarar yanayi/waɗanda aka kashe aure
Ƙofar sharar gida “wanda aka rabu” tana zubar da iskar gas kai tsaye zuwa sararin samaniya, maimakon mayar da su da sauran sharar injin. Sannan  Ana yin wannan don hana tashin hankali zuwa magudanar ruwa da kuma rage jimlar matsa lamba na baya a cikin tsarin shaye-shaye. Kuma Bututun juji da aka kashe ana kiransa bututun mai kururuwa saboda iskar gas mai sharar da ba a rufe ba da kuma ƙarar da suke yi.

## Sarrafa

### Manual
Mafi sauƙin sarrafawa don sharar gida shine haɗin haɗin injiniya wanda ke bawa mai aiki damar sarrafa matsayin bawul ɗin sharar gida kai tsaye. Kuma Ana amfani da wannan kulawar da hannu a cikin wasu jiragen sama masu cajin turbo. 

### Cutar huhu
Mafi sauƙaƙan sarrafa madauki na rufaffiyar sharar gida shine don samar da matsa lamba kai tsaye daga gefen cajin iska zuwa mai kunna sharar gida. Karamin tiyo na iya haɗawa daga mashin ɗin turbocharger compressor, cajin bututu, ko yawan abin sha zuwa kan nono a kan mai kunna sharar gida. Sannan Sharar gida za ta kara buɗewa yayin da ƙarfin haɓaka ke matsawa da ƙarfin bazara a cikin injin sharar gida har sai an sami daidaito. Ana iya ƙara ƙarin kulawar hankali ta hanyar haɗa mai sarrafa haɓakar lantarki.

Madaidaitan sharar gida suna da tashar jiragen ruwa guda ɗaya don haɗa layin sarrafa haɓakawa daga layin samar da iska ko haɓaka solenoid mai ƙarfi. Cigaba na baya-bayan nan a cikin injinan sharar gida na ciki yana kawo sarrafa tashar jiragen ruwa biyu.

Sharar gida ta tashar jiragen ruwa biyu tana ƙara tashar jiragen ruwa ta biyu a kishiyar ɓangaren mai kunnawa. Matsin iska da aka ba da izinin shiga wannan tashar jiragen ruwa na biyu yana taimaka wa bazara don ƙara matsawa zuwa hanyar rufe sharar gida. Kuma Wannan shi ne daidai kishiyar tashar tashar farko. Ƙarfin taimakawa wurin sharar gida ya kasance a rufe yayin da ƙarfin haɓaka yana iya ƙaruwa. Wannan kuma yana ƙara ƙarin rikitarwa don haɓaka sarrafawa, yana buƙatar ƙarin tashoshin sarrafawa akan solenoid ko yuwuwar cikakken tsarin sarrafa haɓakawa na biyu tare da nasa solenoid na daban. To amfi Amfani da tashar jiragen ruwa ta biyu ba lallai ba ne. Tashar jiragen ruwa na sakandare, ba kamar tashoshin jiragen ruwa na farko ba, ba za a iya haɗa su da layin sarrafawa kawai kuma *suna buƙatar* sarrafa lantarki ko na hannu don zama masu amfani. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da CO 2 don amfani da matsa lamba zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na biyu, don sarrafa haɓakawa akan matakin mafi kyau.

### Lantarki
Wasu injunan jiragen sama na shekarata 1940 sun ƙunshi tarkace masu sarrafa wutar lantarki, irin su Wright R-1820 akan B-17 Flying Fortress. General Electric shine babban mai kera waɗannan tsarin. Kasancewa kafin shekarun kwamfutoci, gabaɗayan su analog ne. Matukin jirgi suna da iko don zaɓar matakan haɓaka daban-daban. Ba da daɗewa ba ɓangarorin lantarki sun ɓace saboda falsafar ƙira waɗanda suka ba da umarnin rabuwa da sarrafa injin da tsarin lantarki. An fara a cikin shekarar ƙirar ta 2011 injin mai nauyin lita 2.0 Theta II turbocharged mai kai tsaye allurar (GDI) da aka gabatar a cikin Hyundai Sonata ya haɗa da PCM mai sarrafa wutar lantarki ta servo wastegate actuator. Wannan yana ba da damar dabarun sarrafa haɓakar haɓakawa wanda ke rage matsi na baya da aka haifar da turbocharger ta hanyar buɗe sharar gida lokacin da ba a buƙatar haɓakar turbo, Kuma yana haifar da ingantaccen tattalin arzikin mai. Hakanan ana buɗe ƙofar sharar gida yayin farawa sanyi don rage hayaki ta hanyar hanzarta kashe hasken farko.  An fara a watan Nuwamba 2015,  Mafarkin Duniya na Honda kai tsaye alluran injunan turbocharged tare da matsugunin lita 1.5 suna amfani da sharar gida ta ECU. An fara gabatar da wannan a cikin ƙirar Honda Civic 2016 kuma CR-V ta biyo baya a cikin shekarar 2017. A cikin 2018 1.5L da 2.0L turbocharged kai tsaye allurar injuna sun maye gurbin 2.4L da 3.6L 6 Silinda da aka saba nema a cikin yarjejeniyar Honda. 

### Na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa
Yawancin jirage na zamani masu turbocharged suna amfani da sarrafa sharar gida na ruwa tare da man inji a matsayin ruwa. Sannan  Tsarika daga Lycoming da Continental suna aiki akan ƙa'idodi iri ɗaya kuma suna amfani da sassa iri ɗaya waɗanda suka bambanta da suna kawai. A cikin mai *kunna sharar gida*, wani marmaro yana aiki don buɗe sharar gida, kuma matsin mai yana aiki don rufe sharar gida. Kuma A gefen fitar da mai na mai kunna sharar gida yana zaune da *mai sarrafa yawa*, bawul ɗin mai mai sarrafa iska wanda ke jin matsin bene na sama kuma yana sarrafa yadda mai zai iya zubar da sauri daga mai kunna sharar gida zuwa injin. Yayin da jirgin ke hawa kuma yawan iska ya ragu, mai sarrafa mai yawa a hankali yana rufe bawul ɗin ya kama mai da yawa a cikin injin sharar gida, yana rufe sharar gida don ƙara saurin turbocharger da kiyaye ƙarfin ƙima. Wasu tsare-tsare kuma suna amfani da na'ura mai *sarrafa matsi na daban* wanda ke fahimtar matsi na iska a kowane gefen farantin magudanar kuma yana daidaita ɓangarorin sharar gida don kula da saiti. Wannan yana kula da ma'auni mafi kyau tsakanin ƙaramin aikin turbocharger da saurin spool-up lokaci, kuma yana hana hawan jini sakamakon tasirin bootstrapping.

## Girman sharar gida
Girman sharar gida ya yi daidai da matakin haɓaka da ake so kuma ya ɗan ɗan bambanta da girman ko ƙarfin injin. Jagoran dillali ɗaya don girman gate ɗin sharar gida shine kamar haka: 

* babban turbo / ƙaramar haɓakawa = babban sharar gida
* babban turbo / babban haɓaka = ƙarami mai sharar gida
* ƙaramin turbo / ƙaramar haɓakawa = babban sharar gida
* ƙaramin turbo / haɓaka mai girma = ƙarami mai sharar gida

Duk da haka, shaye-shaye kwarara shine tasirin iko. Don haka, wani jadawalin yanke shawara yakamata yayi kama da wannan.

* babban turbo/kananan injina/karamin iko = ƙaramin gate mai shara
* babban turbo/karamin inji/babban iko = babban sharar gida
* karamin turbo/kananan injina/karamin iko = karamin kofar shara
* babban turbo / babban injin / ƙaramin ƙarfi = matsakaicin sharar gida
* karamin turbo/babban inji/kowane matakin wuta = babban sharar gida -->Dalilin haka shi ne cewa karamin injin injin din zai yi kokarin tsallakewa daga wuce haddi na iskar gas.

## Duba wasu abubuwan

* Gudanar da Aiki ta atomatik (APC)
* Juji bawul
* Recirculation Gas (EGR)

## Manazarta