'Yancin motsi ga ma'aikata a Tarayyar Turai

**'Yancin motsi ga ma'aikata** wani babi ne na manufofin kungiyar Tarayyar Turai . Yaƙin ma'aikata yana nufin cewa 'yan ƙasa na kowace ƙasa memba na Tarayyar Turai za su iya yin aiki a wata ƙasa memba bisa sharuddan 'yan ƙasa na wannan mamba. Musamman, ba a yarda da nuna bambanci dangane da ɗan ƙasa ba. Yana daga cikin 'yancin motsi na mutane kuma daya daga cikin 'yancin tattalin arziki guda huɗu : zirga-zirgar kaya, ayyuka, aiki da jari . Mataki na 45 TFEU (Ex 39 da 48) yana cewa:

Haƙƙin 'yancin motsi yana da tasirin 'tsaye' da 'tsaye' kai tsaye,   kamar yadda ɗan ƙasa na kowace ƙasa ta EU zai iya kiran haƙƙin, ba tare da ƙari ba, a cikin kotu na yau da kullun, akan wasu mutane, duka na gwamnati. da masu zaman kansu.

## Tarihi
Yarjejeniyar Paris (1951)  kafa Ƙungiyar Coal, da Karfe ta Turai ta kafa haƙƙin 'yancin motsi ga ma'aikata a cikin waɗannan masana'antu, kuma Yarjejeniyar Roma (1957)  ta ba da haƙƙin 'yancin motsi na ma'aikata a ciki. Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziƙi ta Turai, za a aiwatar da ita a cikin shekaru 12 daga ranar da aka fara aiki da yarjejeniyar. Matakin farko na tabbatar da zirga-zirgar ma'aikata cikin 'yanci shi ne Dokar Majalisar No. 15 na 1961,  wanda ya fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Satumba 1961. Hakan ya bai wa ‘yan kasashen mambobin ‘yancin yin aiki a wata kasa idan har babu wani dan kasar da ke da damar yin aikin.  A ranar 1 ga Mayun 1964 ne aka maye gurbin wannan ka'ida, wanda ya kara ba wa ma'aikata damar daukar aiki a wata kasa memba.  Duk da haka, sai a ranar 8 ga Nuwamba 1968, lokacin da dokar (EEC) mai lamba 1612/68 ta fara aiki, an fara aiwatar da zirga-zirgar 'yanci na ma'aikata a cikin Al'ummomin.  Ta hanyar wannan ka'ida, an aiwatar da ainihin labarin 49 na yarjejeniyar EEC, kuma duk 'yan ƙasa na ƙasashe membobin sun sami 'yancin yin aiki a wata ƙasa memba bisa sharuddan 'yan ƙasa na wannan ƙasa.  Ta haka ne aka aiwatar da zirga-zirgar ma'aikata 'yanci kafin cikar wa'adin shekaru goma sha biyu a cikin yarjejeniyar EEC. A ranar 16 ga Yuni 2011, an maye gurbin wannan ƙa'idar da Dokar Motsa Ma'aikata ta 'Yanci ta 2011 . A lokacin da aka aiwatar da zirga-zirgar ma'aikata 'yanci a cikin al'ummomin Turai, dama daidai ya kasance a cikin Benelux (tun 1960) da tsakanin ƙasashen Nordic (tun 1954) ta hanyar yarjejeniyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa daban-daban.

Umurnin 2004/38/EC akan haƙƙin ƙaura da zama cikin yardar kaina ta tattara sassa daban-daban na haƙƙin motsi a cikin takarda ɗaya, tare *da* maye gurbin umarnin 1968/360/EEC. Hakanan yana fayyace batutuwan tsari, kuma yana ƙarfafa haƙƙin 'yan uwa na 'yan ƙasa na Turai ta amfani da 'yancin motsi. A cewar shafin hukuma na Majalisar Tarayyar Turai, bayanin 'yancin motsi yana gudana kamar haka.'Yancin motsi da zama ga mutane a cikin EU shine ginshiƙin zama ɗan ƙasa na Tarayyar, wanda yarjejeniyar Maastricht ta kafa a 1992. Aiwatar da aiwatar da shi a cikin dokokin EU, duk da haka, bai kasance mai sauƙi ba. Da farko ya haɗa da katsewa sannu a hankali, na iyakoki na cikin gida a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar Schengen, da farko a cikin ƴan ƙasashe membobin. A yau, an tanadar da tanadin da ke kula da zirga-zirgar jama'a cikin 'yanci a cikin Dokar 2004/38/EC kan 'yancin 'yan ƙasa na EU da danginsu na ƙaura da zama cikin 'yanci a cikin ƙasashen Membobin. Sai dai aiwatar da wannan umarni na ci gaba da fuskantar cikas da dama. 

## Duba kuma

* Shirye-shiryen Tafiya na Trans-Tasman
* Ƙungiya ta Ƙungiya ta Kyauta
* Dokokin Tarayyar Turai
* Dan kasa na Tarayyar Turai
* Dokokin Shige da Fice (Yankin Tattalin Arzikin Turai).
* Kasuwar Cikin Gida
* Umarnin Motsi na 'Yancin Jama'a
* 'Yancin motsi
* Ka'idar motsi kyauta

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗu na waje

* European Commission: EU citizenship and free movement
* Your Europe: Work Permits
* EURES – The European Job Mobility Portal
* The Free Movement of Persons in the European Union: A Legal-historical Overview