Kenneth Roth

**Kenneth Roth** (an haife shi a watan Satumba 23, 1955) lauyan Amurka ne, mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam, kuma marubuci. Ya kasance babban darektan Human Rights Watch (HRW) daga 1993 zuwa 2022.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Kenneth Roth a ranar 23 ga Satumba, 1955, a Elmhurst, Illinois, ga Muriel T. Roth da Walter S. Roth . Mahaifinsa ɗan gudun hijira ne na Yahudawa wanda ya tsere daga Nazi Jamus. Iyalin Walter suna da kantin yanka a Jamus kusa da Frankfurt lokacin da Adolf Hitler ya zo mulki.

Kenneth Roth ya girma ne a Deerfield, Illinois .  Ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Brown a 1977 tare da BA a tarihi  kuma ya sami Juris Doctor daga Yale Law School a 1980. 

A ranar 13 ga Yuni, 2011, Roth ya yi aure a cocin Anglican ga Annie Sparrow. 

## Ayyuka

Roth ya yi aiki a cikin sirri a matsayin mai gabatar da kara kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Lauyan Amurka na Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Amurka na Gundumar Kudancin New York da binciken Iran-Contra a Washington DC. Sana'ar Roth a cikin 'yancin ɗan adam ta fara ba tare da jin daɗi ba. Kos ɗin kare hakkin ɗan adam ɗaya da aka bayar a Makarantar Yale Law an soke shi akai-akai, kuma da kammala karatunsa ya gano cewa ayyuka a fagen ba su da yawa. Sakamakon haka, yayin da yake aiki a matsayin lauya, kuma ya ba da gudummawar dare da karshen mako yana yin ayyukan kare hakkin ɗan adam, yana mai da hankali kan [1] Soviet shigar da dokar yaƙi a Poland a cikin 1981. 

Roth ya shiga Human Rights Watch (HRW) a shekarar 1987 a matsayin mataimakin darektan. Ayyukansa na farko sun kasance a kan Haiti  kuma a hankali ya kai ga Cuba  da Gabas ta Tsakiya,  da sauran wurare.

Tun 1993 (lokacin da Aryeh Neier ya bar zama shugaban Cibiyar Budaddiyar Jama'a ta George Soros), Roth ya zama babban darektan gudanarwa.  da HRW. Yayin da yake ofishin, ma'aikatan HRW sun karu daga 60 zuwa 552; HRW ta raba lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Nobel a shekarar 1997 saboda haramta ayyukan nakiyoyi, ta taimaka wajen kafa kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta kasa da kasa da kuma haramta yara a aikin soja. Roth yayi murabus daga HRW a ranar 31 ga Agusta 2022. Bayan barin HRW, Roth ya ce ya yi niyyar rubuta littafi.

Roth ya sami digiri na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Brown,  Kwalejin Bowdoin,  Jami'ar Ottawa,  da Jami'ar Amurka ta Paris  Ya kasance mai karɓar lambar yabo ta Dimokuradiyya ta Athens,  lambar yabo ta William Rogers  daga Jami'ar Brown da lambar yabo ta Jean Mayer Global Citizenship  daga Jami'an Tufts. Ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Masu Kula da Cibiyar Watson  a Jami'ar Brown, Kwamitin Gwamnoni na Kwalejin Bard Berlin,  da kuma Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Humanitarian da Ci Gaban na Gidauniyar Novo Nordisk. 

## Abokan hulɗa na Makarantar Harvard Kennedy
A cikin 2021, an ba Roth wata ƙungiya a Cibiyar Carr ta Makarantar Harvard Kennedy don Manufofin 'Yancin Dan Adam. An janye tayin a cikin 2023. Roth ya ce janyewar ta kasance ne saboda sukar da ya yi wa Isra'ila. Michael Massing ya ba da rahoton ikirarin Roth a cikin Nation. Roth ya gaya wa Guardian da Amy Goodman a kan *Dimokuradiyya Yanzu* cewa ya yi imanin cewa shugaban makarantar Harvard Kennedy Douglas Elmendorf ya mika wuya ga masu ba da gudummawa na Harvard waɗanda ke da karfi ga magoya bayan Isra'ila. Farfesa a makarantar Kennedy Kathryn Sikkink ta ce an gaya mata cewa Elmendorf ta yi tunanin Human Rights Watch tana da "rashin son kai ga Isra'ila" kuma cewa tweets na Roth akan Isra'ila sun damu, abubuwan da ta yi jayayya da dean. Bayan korafin Roth, ACLU, Pen America, da sauran masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam sun yi Allah wadai da shawarar Makarantar Kennedy. A *Ƙasar* 10 ga watan Janairun 2023, HRW ta wallafa wata wasika ga Shugaba Lawrence Bacow wanda ya ce ta damu da "tasiri mai dorewa ga malamai da masu gwagwarmaya, musamman Palasdinawa, wadanda bai kamata su ji tsoron tasirin kwararru daga Jami'ar Harvard ko wata ma'aikata ba idan sun rubuta ko kuma sun yi magana da kyau game da gwamnatin Isra'ila. " Bayan wadannan rahotanni, daruruwan masu haɗin gwiwar Harvard sun yi kira ga Elmendorf ya yi murabus.

A ranar 19 ga watan Janairun 2023, Makarantar Kennedy, wacce ta musanta zargin Roth,  ta sauya shawarar ta, ta sake ba Roth zumunci.  Elmendorf ya ce shawarar farko da ya yanke ta kasance cikin "kuskure" kuma ba a yi niyya ba "don takaita muhawara a makarantar Kennedy game da 'yancin ɗan adam a kowace ƙasa. Roth ya mayar da martani da cewa Elmendorf ya kasa cewa komai don tantance mutanen da ya ce "wadanda ke da alaka da shi" wadanda ya ce suna da hannu wajen yanke hukuncin nasa na farko. "Cikakken bayyana gaskiya shine mabuɗin don tabbatar da cewa ba a aiwatar da irin wannan tasirin a wasu lokuta," in ji Roth, ya kara da cewa: "Na biyu, na ci gaba da damuwa game da 'yancin ilimi. Bisa la'akari da shekaru 30 na jagorancin Human Rights Watch, na iya haskaka wani haske mai zurfi game da shawarar Dean Elmendorf, amma wasu kuma fa? Matsalar mutanen da aka hukunta saboda sukar Isra'ila ba ta iyakance ga ni kadai ba. "

A cikin kaka na 2023, Roth ya shiga Makarantar Jama'a da Harkokin Duniya ta Princeton a matsayin malami da Charles da Marie Robertson Farfesa Ziyarci.

## Ƙin shiga Masar da China
A cikin 2014, gwamnatin Masar ta hana Roth shiga kasar. Ya je Masar ne domin fitar da rahoto kan kisan gillar da gwamnatinta ta yi a Rabaa a watan Agustan 2013 kan masu zanga-zanga 817. 

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019, kasar Sin ta ba da sanarwar takunkumi da ba a bayyana ba a kan HRW da sauran kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da yawa saboda alaƙa da ƙungiyar dimokuradiyya ta Hong Kong.  A watan Janairun 2020, Roth ya ce an hana shi shiga Hong Kong. Yana shirin kaddamar da Rahoton Duniya na kungiyar,  wanda ke da wata kasida da ke cewa kasar Sin tana da barazana ga haƙƙin ɗan adam a duniya.  Geng Shuang, mai magana da yawun ma'aikatar harkokin wajen kasar Sin, ya shaidawa manema labarai cewa, ba zai karanta rahoton ba, yana mai zargin kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Human Rights Watch da murguda gaskiya, yana mai da'awar cewa yanayin hakkin dan Adam na kasar Sin shi ne "mafi kyawu a tarihi". 

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje

* Tarihin HRW na hukuma na Kenneth Roth
* Rubutun lacca da bidiyon jawabin Roth a Cibiyar Joan B. Kroc don Zaman Lafiya da Adalci a Jami'ar San Diego, Satumba 2007
* Appearancesa kanC-SPAN