Ambulance

**Ambulance** mota ce da ake amfani da ita a asibiti wajan dakko marasa lafiya daga gurin da a kayi hatsari zuwa cikin asibiti, ko kuma amfani da ita wajan ɗauko gawa zuwa gurin daza'a kaita.

Ana amfani da motocin daukar marasa lafiya don amsa gaggawar likita ta sabis na likita na gaggawa (EMS). Don wannan dalili, gabaɗaya an sanye su da fitilun faɗakarwa da sirens. Suna iya ɗaukar ma'aikatan lafiya da sauri da sauran masu amsawa na farko zuwa wurin, ɗaukar kayan aiki don gudanar da kulawar gaggawa da jigilar marasa lafiya zuwa asibiti ko wani tabbataccen kulawa. Yawancin motocin daukar marasa lafiya suna amfani da zane bisa ga motoci ko manyan motocin daukar kaya. Wasu kuma suna ɗaukar nau'ikan babura, bas, motocin limosins, jirage da jiragen ruwa.

Gabaɗaya, motocin suna ƙidaya azaman motar asibiti idan za su iya jigilar marasa lafiya. Koyaya, ya bambanta ta hanyar ikon ko an ƙidaya abin hawan mara lafiya mara gaggawa (wanda ake kira ambulet) azaman motar asibiti. Waɗannan motocin ba yawanci ba (ko da yake akwai keɓancewa) sanye take da kayan tallafi na rayuwa, kuma yawanci ma'aikatan da ke da ƙarancin cancantar aiki ne ke tuka su fiye da ma'aikatan motar asibiti na gaggawa. Sabanin haka, hukumomin EMS na iya samun motocin amsa gaggawa waɗanda ba za su iya jigilar marasa lafiya ba. Waɗannan ana san su da sunaye kamar motocin EMS marasa jigilar kaya, motocin tashi ko motocin amsawa.

Kalmar motar daukar marasa lafiya ta fito daga kalmar Latin "ambulare" a matsayin ma'anar "tafiya ko motsawa" wanda ke nufin kulawar likita na farko inda aka motsa marasa lafiya ta hanyar ɗagawa ko motsi. Asalin kalmar tana nufin asibiti mai motsi, wanda ke bin sojoji a cikin motsinsa. Ambulances (Ambulancias a cikin Mutanen Espanya) an fara amfani da su don jigilar gaggawa a cikin 1487 da sojojin Spain suka yi a lokacin daular Malaga da sarakunan Katolika suka yi a kan Masarautar Granada. A lokacin yakin basasar Amurka ana kiran motocin daukar marasa lafiya a fagen fama. Har yanzu ana kiran asibitocin filin ambulances a lokacin yakin Franco-Prussian  na 1870 da kuma a cikin yakin Serbo-Turkish na 1876 ko da yake an fara kiran kekunan motocin ambulances game da 1854 a lokacin Yaƙin Crimean.

## Tarihi

Tarihin motar daukar marasa lafiya ya fara ne a zamanin da, tare da yin amfani da karusai don jigilar marasa lafiya da karfi da karfi. An fara amfani da motocin daukar marasa lafiya don jigilar gaggawa a cikin 1487 ta Mutanen Espanya, kuma an sanya bambance-bambancen farar hula a cikin 1830s. Ci gaban fasaha a cikin ƙarni na 19th da 20th ya haifar da motocin daukar marasa lafiya na zamani.

## Nau'ukan aiki
Ana iya haɗa motocin daukar marasa lafiya zuwa nau'ikan dangane da ko suna jigilar marasa lafiya ko a'a, kuma a cikin wane yanayi. A wasu lokuta, ambulances na iya cika ayyuka fiye da ɗaya (kamar haɗa kulawar gaggawa ta gaggawa tare da jigilar marasa lafiya:

* **Motar gaggawa ta gaggawa** - Mafi yawan nau'in motar asibiti, wanda ke ba da kulawa ga marasa lafiya da ciwo mai tsanani ko rauni. Waɗannan na iya zama motocin da ke tafiya a hanya, jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, jirage masu tsafta (wanda aka sani da motocin daukar marasa lafiya na iska), ko ma motocin da aka canjawa wuri kamar kulolin wasan golf.
* **Motar daukar marasa lafiya ambulan** - Abin hawa, wanda ke da aikin jigilar marasa lafiya zuwa, daga ko tsakanin wuraren jinya, kamar asibiti ko cibiyar dialysis, don kulawar da ba ta gaggawa ba. Waɗannan na iya zama bas, bas, ko wasu motocin.
* **Motar motar daukar marasa lafiya** – Babban motar daukar marasa lafiya, yawanci bisa motar bas, wanda zai iya kwashe da jigilar marasa lafiya da yawa.
* **Motar agajin gaggawa** - Wani nau'i na musamman na motar daukar marasa lafiya ta hanyar agaji don ɗaukar yara marasa lafiya ko manya akan tafiye-tafiye ko hutu daga asibitoci, asibitoci, ko gidajen kulawa inda suke cikin kulawa na dogon lokaci. Misalai sun haɗa da aikin 'Jumbulance' na Burtaniya. Waɗannan yawanci akan bas ne.
* **Motar asibiti na bariatric** - Wani nau'i na musamman na motar asibiti na jigilar marasa lafiya wanda aka tsara don marasa lafiya masu kiba da ke da kayan aiki masu dacewa don motsawa da sarrafa waɗannan marasa lafiya.
* **Motar daukar marasa lafiya** mai saurin dawo da gabobin jiki tana tattara gawarwakin mutanen da suka mutu ba zato ba tsammani daga bugun zuciya, hatsarori da sauran abubuwan gaggawa da kuma kokarin kiyaye gabobinsu." Birnin New York yana ƙaddamar da wani shirin matukin jirgi wanda ke tura irin wannan motar asibiti tare da $1.5. miliyan, kyauta na shekaru uku.
* **Motar jinya ta tabin hankali** - motar asibiti da aka keɓe don kula da gaggawar tabin hankali. "Psykebilen" ("The Psych ambo") a Bergen, Norway ya fara wannan ra'ayi a cikin 2005. Sauran biranen Norway da Sweden sun bi sa'ad da shaidun suka nuna cewa sabis na motar asibiti tare da ma'aikatan da aka horar da su musamman a maganin tabin hankali yana da tasiri sosai, kuma ya rage yawan hadarin. amfani da karfi lokacin da ake jinyar marasa lafiya a cikin rikice-rikice na tabin hankali.

## Manazarta