Peter Trudgill

**Peter Trudgill**, FBA ( an haife shi 7 ga watan  Nuwamban shekarar1943) masanin ilimin zamantakewa ne na Ingilishi, masanin kimiyya kuma marubuci.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Trudgill a Norwich, Ingila, kuma ya girma a yankin Thorpe St Andrew .  Ya halarci Makarantar Birnin Norwich daga shekarar 1955. Trudgill ya yi karatun Harsuna na zamani a Kwalejin King, Cambridge kuma ya sami PhD  daga Jami'ar Edinburgh a shekarar 1971.

Kafin ya zama farfesa a fannin zamantakewa da harshe a Jami'ar Essex ya koyar a Sashen Kimiyya na Harshe a Jami'an Reading daga 1970 zuwa 1986. Ya kasance farfesa a fannin harshen Ingilishi da ilimin harshe a Jami'ar Lausanne, Switzerland, daga 1993 zuwa 1998, sannan kuma a Jami'an Fribourg, kuma a Switzerland, daga inda ya yi ritaya a watan Satumbar 2005, kuma inda yanzu yake farfesa a matsayin farfesa a cikin ilimin harshe na Ingilishi.

Shi Farfesa ne mai daraja na Sociolinguistics a Jami'ar East Anglia, a Norwich, Ingila. A ranar 2 ga Yuni 1995 ya sami digirin digirin girmamawa daga Faculty of Humanities a Jami'ar Uppsala, Sweden .  Har ila yau, yana da digiri na girmamawa daga UEA; Jami'ar La Trobe, Melbourne; Jami'an Patras, Girka; Jami'in Murcia, Spain; Jami'aren Lublin, Poland; da Jami'ar British Columbia, Vancouver, Kanada.

Ya gudanar da aikin gona na harshe a Burtaniya, Girka da Norway, kuma ya ba da lacca a yawancin Kasashen Turai, Kanada, Amurka, Colombia, Australia, New Zealand, Indiya, Thailand, Hong Kong, Fiji, Malawi da Japan. Peter Trudgill ya kasance shugaban kungiyar Friends of Norfolk Dialect tun lokacin da aka kafa ta a shekarar 1999.  kuma yana ba da gudummawa na yau da kullun game da harshe da harsuna a Turai ga jaridar New European.

Trudgill yana ɗaya daga cikin na farko da ya yi amfani da hanyar zamantakewar harshe ta Labovian a Burtaniya,   kuma don samar da tsari don nazarin abubuwan da suka faru na hulɗa da yaren. 

Ya gudanar da karatu kan rhoticity a cikin Turanci kuma ya bi diddigin abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin kiɗa na dutsen Burtaniya na shekaru da yawa, gami da raguwar furcin Beatles na /r / s a cikin shekarun 1960. Ya kasance memba na kwamitin Ingila da Wales don Atlas Linguarum Europae a cikin shekarun 1970, yana yin wasu bincike a shafukan East Anglian . 

Trudgill kuma shine marubucin Babi na 1 ("Ma'anar Kalmomi Kada a Ba da izinin Canji ko Canji") na sanannen littafin ilimin harshe "Language Myths" wanda ya hada kai.

Shi memba ne na Kwalejin Kimiyya da Harafi ta Norway,  kuma Fellow na Kwalecin Burtaniya.

Tun daga watan Fabrairun 2017, Trudgill ya rubuta ginshiƙai na mako-mako game da harsunan Turai a cikin jaridar mako-mayo The New European .  A ƙarshen shekara ta 2017, ya sanya hannu kan sanarwar kan Harshen Harshen Croats, Serbs, Bosniaks da Montenegrins. 

## Bayanan littattafai

* 1974 *Bambancin Jama'a na Turanci a Norwich* (bisa ga rubutun PhD) 
* 1974 *Sociolinguistics: Gabatarwa ga Harshe da Al'umma*
* 1976 *Gabatarwa ga ilimin zamantakewa da harshe*
* 1975 Harshe, Harshe da Makarantar*Harshen magana, yaren da kuma makarantar*
* 1979 *Harshen Ingilishi da Harshe* (tare da Arthur Hughes) 
* 1980 Dialectology (tare da J. K. Chambers) 
* 1982 *Turanci na kasa da kasa* (tare da Jean Hannah) 
* 1982 Yin gwagwarmaya da Amurka (Blackwell, 2nd edition, 1986) 
* 1983 *A kan Harshe: Ra'ayoyin Jama'a da Yanayi*
* 1984 *Harshe a Tsibirin Burtaniya*
* 1984 Aikace-aikacen Harshen Harshen Jama'a*Harshen Harshen Harkokin Jama'a*
* 1986 Harsuna a cikin Saduwa*Harsuna da ke cikin hulɗa*
* 1990 *Harsunan Ingila*
* 1990 Bad Language (tare da Lars Andersson) 
* 1992 Gabatar da Harshe da Al'umma*Gabatar da Harshe da Jama'a*
* 1998 Tarihin Harshe (tare da Laurie Bauer) 
* 2001 *Sauran Tarihin Turanci* (tare da Richard J. Watts) 
* 2002 *Bambancin Harshen Jama'a da Canji*
* 2003 A Glossary of Sociolinguistics*Kalmomin Harshen Harshen Jama'a*
* 2003 *Asalin Norfolk 7: Harshe na Norfolk*
* 2004 *Sabon Tsarin Dialect: Rashin Tsayawa na Turanci na mulkin mallaka*
* 2004 *New Zealand Turanci: Asalinsa da Juyin Halitta* (tare da sauransu Elizabeth Gordon, Lyle Campbell, Margaret Maclagan, Andrea Sudbury, Jennifer Hay) 
* 2008 *A cikin Sfakia: wucewa lokaci a cikin daji na tsibirin tsibirin tsibiri*
* 2010 Ƙananan Sanannun Bambance-bambance na Turanci: Gabatarwa (tare da Daniel Schreier, Edgar W. Schneider) 
* 2011 Halin Harshen Harshen Jama'a: Ƙaddamar da Harshen Harshe na Jami'ar Oxford
* 2016 Harshen yaren: girmama yaren gargajiya. Jami'ar Cambridge Press
* 2018 *Norwegian a matsayin yare na al'ada da sauran karatu a cikin ilimin harshe na Scandinavia.* Novus: Oslo
* 2023 The Long Journey of English: Tarihin Yanayi na Harshe . Jami'ar Cambridge Press

## manazarta