Roberta Gropper

**Roberta Gropper** (16 ga Agusta 1897 - 1 ga Fabrairu 1993) 'yar gwagwarmayar siyasa ce ta Kwaminisanci ta Jamus wadda ta zama memba na Reichstag (majalisar ƙasa) a 1930.  A 1934 ta gudu zuwa Tarayyar Soviet inda ta faɗa cikin ɓangaranci na jam'iyyu kuma ta shafe fiye da shekaru uku a sansanin tsare mutane: wannan kuma ya biyo bayan gudun hijirar Siberia. Ta sami damar komawa Berlin a 1947 kuma ta zama babbar 'yar siyasa a Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Jamus (  ) .  

## Rayuwa

### Shekarun farko
An haifi Roberta Gropper a Memmingen, wani gari mai matsakaicin girma a tsaunuka a kudancin Ulm . Mahaifinta mai saka ne. A shekarar 1905, iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Ulm, kuma suna nan tsakanin 1911 da 1924. Roberta Gropper tana aiki a masana'antar sigari. A shekarar 1915 ta shiga ƙungiyar matasa ta ma'aikata ( *Arbeiterjugend* ), kuma ta zama memba a ƙungiyar ƙwadago a shekarar 1918.  Tana da shekaru 20 a shekarar 1917, lokacin da Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ta rabu, galibi saboda rashin jituwa game da goyon bayan gwamnati kan yaƙin, kuma ta shiga Jam'iyyar Independent Social Democratic Party (  / USPD) .  A cikin rikicin juyin juya hali da ya biyo bayan ƙarshen yaƙin, ta kasance memba na majalisar ma'aikata a Ulm. A shekarar 1919 Gropper ta kasance memba a cikin ƙungiyar Kwaminisanci ta gida a Ulm. 

### Fafutukar Kwaminisanci
A shekarar 1924 ta zama ma'ajiyar kuɗi kuma a shekarar 1925 ta zama shugabar ɓangaren mata na ƙungiyar shugabannin jam'iyya ( *Bezirksleitung* ) na jam'iyyar Württemberg, wacce ke da hedikwata a Stuttgart . A nan ne ta san babban editan "Jaridar Ma'aikata" ( *Arbeiterzeitung* ), Paul Langner, wanda daga baya ta auri. A shekarar 1927 ta halarci, a matsayin wakilin Württemberg, taron Jam'iyyar Goma sha ɗaya, wanda aka gudanar a wannan shekarar a Essen . A ƙarshen 1927, tare da mijinta, ta ƙaura zuwa Mannheim, inda ta shiga ƙungiyar shugabannin jam'iyyar na yankin Rhenish Palatinate . Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar sashen mata da kuma mai buga rubutu. Sai su biyun suka sake ƙaura, a lokacin kaka na 1928, zuwa Gleiwitz a yankin Upper Silesia, inda suka ɗauki nauyin jam'iyya iri ɗaya. A watan Yunin 1929 ta koma Berlin, tana aiki a matsayin mai buga rubutu a babban ƙungiyar kasuwanci ta Soviet ta dindindin da kuma Sashen Bayanai na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Jamus . A lokacin bazara na 1930 ta zama shugabar sashen mata na ƙungiyar shugabannin yanki a Berlin-Brandenburg, bayan haka ta jagoranci Sashen Mata na Kwamitin Tsakiya na Jam'iyyar har zuwa watan Yunin 1932. Wannan lokacin yana ɗaya daga cikin ci gaba da ɓangaranci a cikin Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Jamus, wanda ya nuna kai tsaye gwagwarmayar iko da ke faruwa a Moscow wanda Stalin ya sami damar kawar da abokan hamayya daga mukaman da ke da tasiri. A Berlin, an sallami Gropper daga ayyukanta na jam'iyyar saboda ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar Neumann - Remmele, wadda ta yi adawa da ɓangarorin da ke goyon bayan Stalin a cikin jam'iyyar. Duk da haka, ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai koyarwa ga Kwamitin Tsakiya na Jam'iyyar. 

Tare da aikin jam'iyyarta, tsakanin 1930 da Yuli 1932, ta wakilci gundumar zaɓen Berlin a Reichstag (majalisar dokoki ta ƙasa) . [1] Yanayin siyasa ya canza sosai a watan Janairu 1933 lokacin da 'yan Nazi suka karɓi mulki suka mayar da Jamus mulkin kama-karya na jam'iyya ɗaya . Ayyukan siyasa (banda goyon bayan jam'iyyar Nazi) sun zama haramtattu. An kama mijinta a ranar 1 ga Maris 1933, kuma ya yi shekara mai zuwa ko makamancin haka a cikin "tsaro mai kariya". [2] Roberta Gropper ta ci gaba da aiki, wanda yanzu ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, ga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis a Jamus har zuwa Mayu 1934, lokacin da ta yi ƙaura zuwa Paris, tana amfani da sunan murfin "Paula Brenner". Zuwa watan Fabrairu 1935, tana tafiya ta Stockholm da Copenhagen, ta isa Tarayyar Soviet, [3] tare da mijinta wanda ya kasance a can tun watan Agusta 1934. [2]

## Manazarta