Batutuwan muhalli a Jordan

Jordan tana fuskantar batutuwan muhalli da yawa da suka shafi samar da ruwa da inganci, gurɓata ƙasa, gurɓatar iska, saurin zamani, da haɗarin halitta. Yawancin waɗannan batutuwan sun kara tsanantawa ta hanyar saurin karuwar yawan jama'a da Jordan ta fuskanta tun 1950, wanda yafi haifar da manyan raƙuman 'yan gudun hijira. A cikin shekarun 1950, Jordan tana da yawan mutane 560,000 - wannan ya karu zuwa miliyan 8.1 a shekarar 2015. Wannan kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga saurin birni tun daga shekarun 1960, inda kashi 49% na yawan jama'a ke zaune a yankunan karkara. A cikin 2021, yawan mutanen karkara na Jordan ya ragu zuwa 8%. Gudun daga karkara zuwa birni yana da tasiri sosai ta hanyar batutuwan abinci da kwanciyar hankali na aiki, batutuwan da canjin yanayi ya kara tsanantawa sosai.

Jordan ta yi ƙoƙari ta magance canjin yanayi ta hanyar manufofi kamar su 2022-2050 National Climate Change Policy,  da 2023-2040 National Water Strategy,  ko Jordan Integrated Landscape Management Initiative (JILMI).  Yunkurin masu fafutukar muhalli don ba da gudummawa ga kokarin daukar nauyin yanayi sun haɗa da UNDP ta Inganta Kasuwancin Mata a cikin Shirin Gudanar da Kasuwanci,  Shirin Gudummawa na Kungiyar Abinci da Aikin Gona don inganta tsarin abinci,  ko aikin da EcoPeace ta Gabas ta Tsakiya ta yi.

## Yanayin ƙasa da yanayi
Jordan tana cikin Yammacin Asiya, kudancin Siriya, yammacin Iraki, arewa maso yammacin 2" Saudi Arabia, gabashin Isra'ila da yankin Palasdinawa na Yammacin Kogin. Yankin ya mamaye kimanin kilomita 89,544.  (34,573 sq. mi.). 

Yankin Jordan za a iya raba shi zuwa yankuna uku na bishiyoyi: kwarin Jordan mai ƙarancin ƙarfi, tsaunuka masu tsawo, da filin hamada na Al-Badia. Yankunan gabas da yammacin sun hada da tsaunukan hamada.

Yanayin Jordan ya bambanta tsakanin tafkin Bahar Rum da hamada mai bushe, wanda ke da zafi da bushewa da kuma hunturu mai bushewa da mai laushi. Ana samun yanayin zafi mai bushe a cikin kwarin Urdun, yanayin Bahar Rum da tsaunuka masu zafi a cikin tsaunuka, da kuma yanayin hamada mai bushe a gabashin Badia.

## Canjin yanayi
Jordan tana ba da gudummawa kawai 0.06 cikin dari na hayaki na duniya. Koyaya, tasirin canjin yanayi yana da tsanani kuma mai yiwuwa zai shafi al'umma da tattalin arzikinta. Canjin yanayi yana da tasiri mai yawa a Jordan: Canjin yanayi ya rage ruwan sama a Jordan, ya kara fari, kuma ya sa ruwa ya ragu a yankin da ke da karancin ruwa, kuma abubuwan da suka shafi yanayi zasu iya haifar da fari, ambaliyar ruwa da rushewar ƙasa. Jordan tana fuskantar fari mai tsanani wanda ke kara tsananta damuwar karancin ruwa na Jordan saboda haɗuwa da yanayin hamada da tasirin dumama na duniya na canjin yanayi. Wadannan fari suna faruwa ne na lokaci-lokaci: Misali, Jordan ta fuskanci mummunan lokacin fari daga 1998 zuwa 2000 wanda ya cutar da tattalin arzikin su, zamantakewa, da lafiyar muhalli.

## Ƙaruwar yawan jama'a
Jordan ta sami saurin, ƙaruwar yawan jama'a. Farawa a cikin shekarun 1960, kasar ta fara fuskantar saurin zamani, wanda hakan ya haifar da birni. Tun daga wannan lokacin, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kiyasta cewa yawan biranen Jordan ya ninka ko ninka sau uku a kowace shekara 25-30. Wannan karuwar yawan jama'a, yayin da galibi a wani bangare saboda yawan haihuwa da kasar ta samu, kuma galibi rikicin 'yan gudun hijira na Siriya ne ya haifar da shi. Jordan ta dauki kimanin 600,000 daga cikin 'yan gudun hijirar Siriya miliyan 2.5. Kasar tana da kashi na biyu mafi girma na 'yan ƙasa ga' yan gudun hijira a duniya, kuma na biyar mafi yawan' yan gudun gudun hijira. A cikin 2015, an kiyasta cewa, gami da waɗanda ke zaune a can kafin 2011, akwai 'yan Siriya miliyan 1.4 da ke zaune a Jordan. Yawan 'yan gudun hijira da ke shiga Jordan saboda yakin basasar Siriya sun kara damuwa ga batutuwan siyasa, tattalin arziki, da albarkatu na Jordan.

## Manazarta