open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Tafkin Tūtira

**Tafkin Tūtira** wani ruwa ne a arewa maso gabashin Hawke's Bay a New Zealand,  wanda aka kafa ta hanyar damming na Papakiri Stream ta hanyar rushewa biyu daga dutse mai laushi a gabas. 

Herbert Guthrie-Smith ne ya bincika yawancin yankin, wanda ya noma kadada 60,000 (240 km2) da ke kewaye da tafkin. Guthrie-Smith, masanin halitta, ya buga sanannen *Tutira: labarin tashar tumaki ta New Zealand* a 1921. A yau, ana gudanar da sansani a shafin gidansa.&nbsp;

Wani karamin matsuguni, Tutira, yana kusa da tafkin, akan babbar hanyar Jiha mai nisan kilomita 2 30 arewa da Whirinaki.

An yi amfani da ɗigon ruwa daga tafkin don nuna cewa zabtarewar ƙasa da ke tattara abubuwan jigilar ruwa zuwa tafkin na faruwa ne da yawa da girma bisa ga dokar wutar lantarki.

An ba da izinin kamun kifi yayin da rafi ke gudana zuwa cikin iyakar arewa. Tsawon ƙarnuka da yawa Māori yana zaune a kusa da tafkin Tūtira kuma yana yiwuwa a ga ragowar wuraren shafukan guda shida. Tafiya ta Tutira, ta haura zuwa tashar jirgin saman Table Mountain don ra'ayoyi kan Hawke's Bay kuma yana ɗaukar kimanin sa'o'i biyar don kammalawa.&#x5B;**&#x5D;

Land Air Water Aotearoa ya bayyana ingancin ruwa a matsayin "matalauta", musamman nuna yanayin tafkin eutrophic. Tafkin yana fama da fure-fure na algae na lokaci-lokaci.

A shekara ta 2023, tafkin yana cikin wani yanayi mara kyau kuma ba shi da lafiya ga ninkaya sakamakon furannin algal da ke haifar da yanayin zafi, kwararar ruwa daga gonaki, da kwararar kayan abinci mai gina jiki yayin da ake ruwan sama mai yawa.

## Tarihin yanayin ƙasa
Tafkin ya ƙunshi babban rikodin rikodi tun lokacin da aka kafa shi kimanin shekaru 6,500 da suka gabata. Yana da ƙaramin yanki na magudanar ruwa, wanda babban tsarin zaizayar ƙasa shine zaizayar ƙasa; A sakamakon haka, sau da yawa, manyan guguwa suna lissafin mafi yawan adadin ƙaddamarwa na sedimentary; Cyclone Bola misali ne mai mahimmanci na kwanan nan.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
 
## Haɗin waje

* Gidan shakatawa na Tutira a Majalisar Yankin Hawke's Bay
Harshen Badyara

Bambance-bambancen sunan sune *Badara, Badian, Badjara, Badyaranké;* akwai kuma *Jaad, Bigola, Gola, Kanjad* [ka-njad(ɛ)] * ), Pajade, Pajadinka* .

## Manazarta
Saraha Georget Rabeharisoa

Saraha Georget Rabeharisoa (an haife shi a watan Mayu 1, 1970 a Antananarivo, Madagascar) yar siyasa ce a Malagasy kuma shugabar jam'iyyar Green Party ta Madagascar . Ta kasance 'yar takarar shugaban kasa a zaben shugaban kasa na Malagasy a 2013. [1] [2]

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Mahaifiyar 'ya'ya uku, Saraha Georget Rabeharisoa an haife ta a Antananarivo, Madagascar a shekara ta 1970. Mahaifinta, marigayi Rabeharisoa Samuel, injiniyan ayyukan jama'a ne. Mahaifiyarta, Raherivololona Henriette, likita ce. Ta yi karatun farko (firamare da sakandare) a makarantar Katolika a babban birnin kasar, Collège Saint Antoine, har sai da ta sami digiri. Ta bar Madagascar bayan kammala karatu a Faransa don ci gaba da karatu a Faransa. A 1994, ta sami digiri na biyu a cikin Dokar Jama'a a Jami'ar Aix-en-Provence . A 1995 ta ci gaba da digiri na biyu a fannin Haraji a Jami'ar Paris-Dauphine . 

## Sana'a
A karshen karatunta na jami'a, Saraha Georget Rabeharisoa ta koma Madagaska don ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban kasar. Ta fara aikin koyarwa sannan ta koma mallakin mallaka ta hanyar ƙirƙirar kamfanin jigilar kayayyaki da jigilar kayayyaki na ruwa. 

## Manazarta
Harsunan Baga

**Harsunan Baga** harsuna ne na dangin Mel da ake magana a yankin bakin teku na Guinea . Adadin masu magana kusan 30,000 ne, wanda masu magana da Landoma ke da kusan rabin.

## Harsuna
Bambance-bambance ban da Landoma wani lokacin ana ɗaukar su yaren yare ɗaya, *Baga* ko *Barka*. Landoma yana da alaƙa da nesa.

* Landoma
* Baga: Binari, Koba, Manduri, Sitemú, da sauransu.

Harsunan Baga suna da alaƙa da Temne, ɗaya daga cikin harsuna huɗu na hukuma na Saliyo; tare, Baga da Temne suna cikin reshen Mel na yarukan Nijar-Congo.

## Bayanan da ke ƙasa

## Bayanan littattafai

* Houis, Maurice (1952) 'Rahotanni game da muryar da ba ta da amfani a Baga', *Bayanan Afirka*, 91-92.
* Houis, Maurice (1953) 'Tsarin wakilin da kuma azuzuwan a cikin yarukan Baga, i taswira', Bulletin de l'IFAN, 15, 381-404.
* Mouser, Bruce L. (2002) 'Wane ne kuma ina Baga ne?: Ra'ayoyin Turai daga 1793 zuwa 1821', *Tarihi a Afirka*, 29, 337-364.
Harshen Angal

Angal, ko Mendi, wani nau'in yaren Engan ne na lardin Southern Highlands na Papua New Guinea .

Mendi yana da Harshen pandanus da aka yi amfani da shi a lokacin girbi na karuka . 

## Manazarta
Nasako Besingi

Nasako Besingi ɗan Kamaru ne mai fafutukar kare muhalli kuma manomi. Shi ne Daraktan Kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na gwagwarmaya don Tattalin Arziki na Muhalli na gaba (SEFE) da ke Mundemba a yankin Kudu maso Yamma, Kamaru . [1]

## Faɗakarwa da kamawa
Nasako Besingi ya jagoranci zanga-zanga da dama don nuna rashin amincewa da bunkasar noman dabino da kungiyar Sithe Global Sustainable Oils Kamaru (SGSOC), reshen gida na kamfanin noma na Herakles Farms da ke New York ke yin barazanar lalata wani yanki na dazuzzuka.  Hukumar SGSOC ta sami wani yanki mai girman hekta 73,086 akan yarjejeniyar hayar filaye na shekaru 99 ta hanyar yarjejeniya da gwamnatin Kamaru don haɓaka aikin noman dabino da matatun mai. 

An kama Nasako Besingi sau da yawa saboda adawa da aikin.

A ranar 14 ga Nuwamba, 2012, an kama shi tare da wasu abokan aikinsa guda hudu a harabar SEFE da ke Mundemba, inda aka shirya gungun mutane sama da 50 don yin yakin lumana da kamfanin Sithe Global Sustainable Oils Cameroon (SGSOC). 

In 2012, he was attacked by a group of people while serving as a guide to a team of television journalists making a documentary about the conflicts between Herakles Farms Company (SGSOC) and communities of the Mundemba. He wrote a report about the incident and was sued for defamation by the company. On 3 November 2015, he was sentenced to pay either pay a fine of 1 million CFA Francs or serve 3 years prison term.

An sake kama shi a ranar 25 ga Satumba, 2017 a hedkwatar kungiyar sa da ke Mundemba ta hannun gungun 'yan sanda.   An kama fasfo din sa, da takardu, wayoyi da kwamfutoci.  An tuhume shi da kuma tuhume shi da laifin tada kayar baya da ta'addanci.  An tsare shi a gidan yari na tsawon watanni biyu. A ranar 27 ga Nuwamba 2017, Alkalin Soja da ke Buea, Kamaru ya yi watsi da duk tuhumar da ake masa kuma ya sanya hannu kan umarnin sakin.  

## Kyauta

* 2012: TAIGO non-state actor award by the Citizens Governance Initiatives

## Manazarta
Jirgin kasa na LNG na Najeriya 7

Jirgin kasa na LNG na Najeriya 7 fadada ne da ake ginawa a tashar LNG ta Najeriya a Tsibirin Bonny, Najeriya . 

## Yanayin yanzu
Mai shi kuma mai gudanar da tashar shine Najeriya LNG (NLNG) , haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Kamfanin Man Fetur na Najeriya (NNPC) , Shell Gas, Total, da Eni.

A wannan lokacin (2022), tashar tana da wuraren sarrafa LNG guda shida, tankuna huɗu na ajiyar LNG, tankuna hudu na sanyaya 65,000m3, da tankuna uku na ajiya 36,000m3. Bugu da ƙari, tashar ta ƙunshi masana'antar sarrafa LNG ta yau da kullun, masana'antar daidaitawa ta yau da kullum, tashoshin fitar da LNG guda biyu, jiragen ruwa 23 da aka keɓe na LNG, kayan aiki na saukewa, da janareto goma na turbine na gas tare da haɗin ƙarfin fiye da 320MW. A halin da ake ciki a yanzu, tashar tana samar da 22Mtpa na LNG da 5Mtpa na iskar mai (LPG) da kuma kwantar da hankali a kowace shekara (Mtpa). 

Harin Rasha na Ukraine ya kara bukatar kasa da kasa don iskar gas a cikin 2022. Wannan yana ƙara inganta rawar da Najeriya ke takawa a matsayin madadin mai samarwa.

## Yankin da ake ciki
Na'urar sarrafa LNG ta bakwai ta kara karfin samarwa na 4.2Mtpa da tallafawa ababen more rayuwa tare da tankin ajiya na 84,200m3, tankin condensate na 36,000m3, da janareto na turbine na gas guda uku a tashar. Sabbin rijiyoyi da bututun mai za su samar da ƙarin iskar gas ga wurin LNG.

Jirgin kasa na 7 zai kuma rage matsalolin jiragen kasa shida da ke akwai. Wannan ya kamata ya kara karfin sarrafawa da 3.4Mtpa.

## Ƙaruwar iyawa, sabbin ayyuka
Tun da farko, a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2022, Mele Kyari, Manajan Darakta na Kamfanin Man Fetur na Najeriya (NPC) Limited, ya kiyasta, cewa za a kammala aikin Train 7 cikin shekaru hudu.

## Manazarta
Harshen Kurame na Yoruba

**[[Sign language|Harshen kurame]] na [[Yarbanci|Yoruba]]** (YSL) yare ne na asalin kurame a cikin al'ummomin Yoruba na kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. 

Yoruba mai saurin aiki yana buƙatar alama mai yawa yayin magana, wanda ke ba da damar sadarwa kaɗan tsakanin kurma da masu ji. Kurame a cikin ƙananan al'ummomin Yoruba suna amfani da wannan alama a matsayin tushen alamar gida. A cikin manyan al'ummomi, inda akwai isasshen adadin kurame, yaren kurame na al'umma ya bunkasa. Ba a bayyana sau nawa ne wannan ya faru ba; Harshen Kurame na Yoruba da aka bayyana a cikin wallafe-wallafen mata 32 ne ke magana a birnin Akurẹ.  (Mazajen kurame sun kafa al'umma daban, kodayake wasu sun auri mata a cikin al'ummar kurame mata. Ba a san a halin yanzu yadda alamar su ta yi kama da ta mata ba.) 

Harshen Kurame na Yoruba ya ƙunshi alamun Yoruba da yawa a matsayin alamomi (kalmomi), da kuma maganganun kalmomin Yoruba masu yawa. Wannan yaren yankin ba shi da alaƙa da Harshen Kurame na Najeriya, wanda ya dogara da Harshen Kurame na Amurka. Alamar "Local" ana ɗaukar ta ƙasa da yaren sigina na Najeriya / Amurka, musamman tsakanin masu sa hannu na harsuna biyu, amma duk da baki yana da tushe; ƙarfinsa yana da alaƙa da tushen al'adun Yoruba.

## Manazarta
Harshen Berti

**Berti** wani yaren Saharar ne wanda Mutanen Berti suka taɓa magana a arewacin Sudan, musamman a cikin Tagabo Hills, Darfur, da Kurdufan. Masu magana da Berti sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankin tare da sauran masu magana da Nilo-Sahara, kamar Masalit da Daju, waɗanda suka kasance masu aikin gona tare da matakai daban-daban na Kiwon dabbobi. Sun zauna a yankuna biyu daban-daban: ɗayan rukuni a arewacin Al-Fashir, yayin da ɗayan ya ci gaba zuwa gabas, ya zauna a gabashin Darfur da yammacin Kurdufan a ƙarni na sha tara. Kungiyoyin biyu ba su bayyana suna da alaƙa da ainihi ɗaya ba, tare da ƙungiyar yammacin da ke da alaƙa ta sha'awar noma gum arabic. A cikin shekarun 1990s, Larabci na Sudan ya ƙare gurbin Berti a matsayin yaren asali.

## Manazarta
Babu wani sharhi ga kowa

## Magana
The phrase comes from Nigerian pidgin.&#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Shahararren
Sojojin 'yan sanda na Najeriya sun tayar da taken a matsayin kalma don haifar da rikici a Najeriya. A cewar Labaran Jagora, Olumuyiwa Adejobi jami'in hulɗa da jama'a ya yi magana cewa taken yana da niyyar haifar da juyin juya hali a kasar."Bari in sake faɗar cewa sabon taken na 2024, 'Babu wata damuwa ga kowa', an sanar da mu ta hanyar leken asiri cewa wannan taken ya fito ne daga bangaren juyin juya hali wanda zai iya haifar da matsaloli a duk faɗin ƙasar. " - Olumuyiwa Adejobi .

## A cikin al'adun gargajiya
Kalmar "No Gree for Anybody!" ta sami hanyar shiga fina-finai na Najeriya yayin da Spyro ya raira waƙa mai taken "No Grey for Anybody".  Hakanan a cikin 2024, Josh2Funny ya fitar da waƙa tare da wannan sunan. 

## Manazarta
Ndyakira Amooti

Ndyakira Ntamuhiira Amooti ( 1955 ko 1956 - 25 Agusta 1999) marubuci ɗan Yuganda ne, ɗan jarida kuma masanin muhalli, wanda ya ba da lambar yabo ta Duniya ta 500 kuma ya ci lambar yabo ta muhalli ta Goldman . [1]

## Rayuwa da aiki
Amooti ya yi aiki a matsayin dan jarida a jaridar Kampala *The New Vision* daga 1986. Ya zauna a wani kauye a gundumar Ibanda . Ya ba da rahoto game da batutuwan muhalli daban-daban, kamar gorilla na tsaunin da ke cikin haɗari, dazuzzuka na Bwindi, da hakar ma'adinai da farauta ba bisa ƙa'ida ba . Ya kuma ja hankali kan sana’ar safarar dabbobin da ba kasafai ba domin yin baje koli ko gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje, musamman chimpanzees da aku da ke cikin hadari.  A cikin 1993, an ba shi lambar yabo ta Global 500 Roll of Honor of the United Nations Environment Programme .   An ba shi lambar yabo ta muhalli ta Goldman a cikin 1996.  Daga baya ya mai da hankali kan kare gandun daji da muhallin tafkin Victoria . 

Ya buga littafin yara *Me Kasa Ba Tare Da Dabbobi ba!* a cikin 1998,  kuma ya buga littattafan *Abin da Ƙasa Ba Tare da Tsuntsaye ba*, *Abin da Ƙasar Ba Tare da Ciyawa ba*, da *Mece Kasa Ba Tare da Daskararru* . Littattafan suna magana ne game da batutuwan muhalli, waɗanda aka rubuta don yara daga shekaru tara zuwa goma sha biyu, kuma babban jigon labarin shine saurayi "Kazoora".

Amooti ya mutu daga cutar sankarar bargo a shekarar 1999, yana da shekaru 43.  Kamar yadda ya so, an binne shi ba tare da akwatin gawa ba, tare da nade jikinsa da tabarma na dabino.  

Ana daukarsa a matsayin majagaba wajen wayar da kan al'amuran muhalli a Uganda.  A Ranar Dausayi ta Duniya a 2008, an karrama Amooti da lacca na tunawa. 

## Ayyukan da aka zaɓa

; Littattafan yara

* *Wace Kasa Ba Tare Da Dabbobi ba*
* *Wace Kasa Ba Tsuntsaye ba*
* *Me Kasar Da Ba Ciki Ba*
* *Me Kasar Da Ba Ta Da Dausayi*

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
 

*
Aikin biri, baboon dey chop

***Monkey dey work, baboon dey chop*** ("The monkey is working but the baboon is eating") is a proverb in Nigerian pidgin. It is commonly used to describe situations where one performs the labour while another reaps the benefits.

Ana amfani da wannan magana a ko'ina a Najeriya don sukar cin zarafi da rashin daidaito na zamantakewa. Sau da yawa yana bayyana a fentin ganuwar da motoci, musamman a manyan birane. A Legas, ana ganinsa akai-akai a kan manyan motocin , tare da direbobi da ke amfani da shi don nuna takaici game da rashin adalci kamar cin hanci da rashawa daga touts da jami'an zirga-zirga, tare da direban daya da ke kuka: "Na zaɓi wannan taken saboda yana nuna fushin da nake ji a kowace rana a kan hanya. Ina aiki ba tare da gajiyawa ba kowace rana kamar biri, yayin da suke tsaye a wani wuri kuma kawai yanka  daga gare mu. "A cikin 2011, ma'aikata masu cin abinci kamar yadda ake kira "Muna suna gudanarwa da irin wannan aikin ma'aikata".[eat]

It has also been used to criticise political corruption, as well as colonial and post-colonial exploitation. In 1983, Nigerian author and later Nobel laureate Wole Soyinka released *Unlimited Liability Company*, a two-sided musical composition, in which he adopted the saying to criticise the political environment under President Shehu Shagari's administration, particularly the perceived hypocrisy and corruption of the ruling circles. Historian and social critic Bala Usman used the saying in his 1979 work *For the Liberation of Nigeria* to attack global oil companies operating in Nigeria, arguing the industry is set up to priotise their interests, often to the detriment of the country. The saying was popularly used by Fela Kuti in his songs. In his *Unnecessary Begging* (1976), he delivers a revolutionary message and warns of retribution for injustice:

 

## Manazarta
Nigerian English

**Turanci na [[Najeriya]]**, wanda aka fi sani da **Turanci na Najeriya** (Nigerian Standard English), yare ne iri-iri da ake magana a Najeriya. Dangane da Turanci na Burtaniya, yaren ya ƙunshi kalmomi daban-daban na aro da haɗin kai daga harsunan asalin Najeriya, saboda buƙatar bayyana ra'ayoyi na musamman ga al'adun kabilun a cikin al'umma (misali babban matar). 

pidgin" id="mwIw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Nigerian Pidgin">Pidgin na Najeriya, pidgin da aka samo daga Turanci, galibi ana amfani dashi a cikin tattaunawar al'ada, amma ana amfani da Turanci na Najeriya a siyasa, ilimi na yau da kullun, kafofin watsa labarai, da sauran amfani da hukuma.

## Harsuna
Akwai manyan yaruka uku na Turanci na Najeriya: Turanci na Hausa (wanda Hausa ke magana), Turanci na Ibo (wanda Igbo ke magana) da Yoruba Turanci (wanda Yoruba ke magana). Ana magana da Turanci na Pidgin na Najeriya sosai a yankin Kudu-Kudanci Najeriya, kamar a cikin Rivers, Delta, ko Bayelsa States. Ana magana da shi tare da fassarar da ta dace da Turanci na Najeriya, wanda ya wanzu a cikin matsakaici a duk faɗin Najeriya kuma a kan (n) labari, matakin zamantakewa an san shi sosai fiye da fassarar Hausa.

Kodayake Hausa, Ibo da Yoruba sun kasance manyan ƙungiyoyin siyasa guda uku na Najeriya (bisa ga yawan jama'a), Turanci na pidgin, 'patois' na gida wanda ke wakiltar bambancin Turanci na Najeriya, an san shi da kasancewa mafi yawan halaye na yankin Kudu maso Kudu na Najeriya fiye da ko'ina a kasar.

Ya fi mayar da hankali fiye da pidgin da ake magana a birnin Legas, wanda a wasu lokuta ana ganinsa a matsayin kawai birni-Yoruba-tsakanin Turanci na Najeriya. Warri, Sapele, Port Harcourt da Bini City misalai ne na manyan biranen Najeriya inda ake magana da Ingilishi mai maida hankali da gaske, musamman ma dangi ga wasu.

## Tasirin zamantakewa da al'adu
Turanci na Najeriya wani nau'i ne na Turanci. Kamar Turanci na Afirka ta Kudu, asalinsa da ci gabansa a matsayin Turanci na Sabon Duniya ya dace da lokacin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya da kuma bayan haka. Turanci na Najeriya ya zama yaren da ke aiki na musamman a cikin al'adun al'adu.

Harshen Najeriya ya daɗe yana da ra'ayi mai rikitarwa saboda ra'ayin "Standard Nigerian English" (SNE) yana da wuyar kafawa,  la'akari da burbushin da ya faru a cikin koyarwar Turanci a yankuna da yawa na Najeriya, don dalilai da yawa da suka hada da "tsakanin, rashin kayan aiki, da ɗakunan ajiya masu yawa. 

## Manazarta
Japa (slang)

**Japa** (/jɑːkpə/) kalma ce ta yaren Yoruba da aka yi amfani da ita azaman kalmar yaren Najeriya wacce ta sami amfani sosai tsakanin matasa na Najeriya. Ana amfani da kalmar don bayyana aikin tserewa, tserewa, ko ɓacewa da sauri daga halin da ake ciki, sau da yawa cikin hanzari da gaggawa. Haɗin kalmomi biyu ne don samar da kalma, Já na nufin (ƙetare), Pa na nufin (a waje).

Japa also refers to emigrating from one’s home country, often Nigeria, to a more developed nation in pursuit of better opportunities and a higher quality of life, commonly described as seeking "greener pastures."

## Etymology
The term *Japa* was originated from the Yoruba language, one of the major languages spoken in Nigeria. In Yoruba, *Japa* loosely translates to "run away" or "escape." Over time, the term found its way into Nigerian slang and has become a colloquial expression used to convey the idea of swift and evasive action. It was popularized in 2020 after Naira Marley, a Nigeria singer, released his single titled "Japa".

## Usage
The term *Japa* is commonly used in various contexts to describe a rapid departure from a place, situation, or circumstance. It is often employed humorously and is prevalent in discussions related to avoiding trouble, danger, or undesirable encounters. The usage of "Japa" reflects the resourcefulness and adaptability of Nigerian youth in navigating challenging situations.

## Cultural impact
*Japa* has become a notable element of Nigerian pop culture, frequently appearing in music lyrics, movies, and social media conversations. The term's popularity has extended beyond Nigeria's borders, with Nigerian diaspora communities also adopting it as part of their linguistic repertoire.

## Manazarta
I.J.G.B.

**I.J.G.B.** **(I Just Got Back)** is a Nigerian slang term for a member of the Nigerian diaspora that has just returned to the country after an extended period abroad. It is an acronym for the phrase *I just got back*, which is considered a common utterance by returnees that indicates their disconnect with Nigerians in the country.

## Usage
Wani lokaci ana bayyana su da mummunar ra'ayi, wasu 'yan Najeriya galibi suna ɗaukar I.J.G.B.s a matsayin alamar fadada Najeriya da dukiyarta a cikin shekaru talatin da suka gabata. Shahararrun misalai, kamar Eku Edewor da DJ Cuppy, suna nuna alamar ƙaramin aji gaba ɗaya.

Popular stereotypes from within the country about the speech, mentality, romantic methodology and relative affluence of Nigerian aristocrats and members of the bourgeoisie  in general are all informed by how I.J.G.B.s – often their sons and daughters – are thought to behave.

## See also

* Bon chic bon genre
* Preppy
* Sloane Ranger

## Manazarta
Dundee (slang)

**⁵Dundee** or **Dundee United** is a colloquial Nigerian insult used to describe someone as an idiot or stupid. The phrase originated from the Scottish football club Dundee United's tour of Nigeria in 1972.

## Origin
Akwai dalilai da yawa da za a iya yi, ciki har da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIFA ta kasa da shekaru 16 ta 1989 inda aka buga wasanni hudu a filin wasa na Dens Park,  da kuma gasar cin kofin Turai ta 1983-84, wanda Dundee United ta rasa Roma duk da cin nasara da kwallaye biyu a matakin farko.  A madadin haka, yana iya zama onomatopoeic, kamar yadda drum a Yoruba shine "dundun"; wannan na iya zama dalilin da ya sa. Kalmar ta samo asali ne aƙalla zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1980 a cikin talla.

The likeliest reason is their two-week tour in May-June 1972, where Dundee United played several matches against local (sometimes amateur) Nigerian teams, suffering notable defeats — including a 4-1 loss to Stationery Stores and a 2-0 loss to Enugu Rangers. Jim McLean, the then-new manager of Dundee United, blamed heat, injuries, and the condition of the pitches. &#x5B;**&#x5D;

These unexpected results led to widespread ridicule, and the team's name became synonymous with poor performance and ineptitude. Over time, Nigerians began using "Dundee United" as an insult to mock someone perceived as acting foolishly or making avoidable mistakes. It became known to the world during a BBC documentary "Welcome to Lagos".

## Evolution
The phrase later evolved into a shorter form, with "Dundee" alone sometimes used to convey the same meaning. In certain contexts, "Dundee United" is reserved for describing a group behaving foolishly, while "Dundee" targets an individual.

It has been posited that due to the large disparity in population between Nigeria and Scotland, more people know "Dundee United" to mean a fool than know that it's a real football team.

## Manazarta
Yaren mutanen Afirka da Amurka Ingilishi da mahallin zamantakewa

Turanci na Afirka-Amurka (AAVE) yare ne na Turanci wanda ya bambanta da daidaitattun Turanci na Amurka duk da haka yana da zurfi a cikin al'adun Amurka, gami da al'adun gargajiya. Ya kasance cibiyar gardama game da ilimin matasa na Afirka, rawar da AAVE ya kamata ya taka a makarantun jama'a da ilimi, da kuma matsayinsa a cikin al'umma.[1] Stigma a kan AAVE, da nuna bambanci ga masu amfani da shi, ya zama ruwan dare - wato sakamakon wariyar launin fata ga 'yan Afirka na Afirka.

## Shahararrun ra'ayoyi
Ɗaya daga cikin tatsuniyoyi shine cewa AAVE yana da "mai sauƙi" ko "maras kyau". Koyaya, kamar duk yaruka, AAVE yana nuna daidaitattun ma'anar ciki da rikitarwa na nahawu, kuma ya samo misali ne ta hanyar halitta tsakanin al'ummar masu magana. A cikin umarni, halayen game da AAVE sau da yawa ba su da kyau; tunda AAVE ya kauce daga ma'auni, ana amfani da shi a matsayin alamar jahilci, ragonci, ko duka biyun.[6] Wataƙila saboda wannan halin (kazalika da irin wannan halin tsakanin sauran Amurkawa), masu magana da AAVE galibi suna da nau'i biyu, suna iya magana tare da ƙarin siffofin Turanci, da kuma AAVE. Irin wannan daidaitawar harshe a wurare daban-daban ana kiranta sauya lambar   - kodayake Linnes (1998) yayi jayayya cewa halin da ake ciki a zahiri yana daya daga cikin diglossia:  kowane yare, ko lambar, ana amfani da shi a saituna daban-daban.[8][9] Gabaɗaya magana, matakin amfani na musamman na AAVE yana raguwa tare da haɓaka Matsayi na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki (ko da yake har yanzu ana amfani da AAVE har ma da 'yan Afirka masu ilimi).   [11][12][13][14]

Wani kuskuren ra'ayi shine cewa AAVE yare ne na asali (ko ma ba daidai ba, salon harshe) wanda duk 'yan Afirka na Amurka suka yi amfani da shi. Wheeler (1999) ya yi gargadin cewa "Bai kamata a yi tunanin AAVE a matsayin harshen baƙar fata a Amurka ba. Yawancin 'yan Afirka na Amurka ba sa magana da shi kuma ba su san komai game da shi ba".[15] Sabanin haka, ba duk masu magana da AAVE ba ne 'yan Afirka na Amurka, kuma masu magana da ba na asali ba suma suna haɗa abubuwa a cikin jawabin su.

Ogbu (1999) ya yi jayayya cewa amfani da AAVE yana ɗauke da mahimman ra'ayoyin siyasa na launin fata yayin da amfani da shi ke ba da damar 'yan Afirka na Afirka su tabbatar da al'adunsu. Duk da haka, amfani da AAVE kuma yana ɗauke da ma'anar zamantakewa mai ƙarfi; Sweetland (2002) ya gabatar da White mace mai magana da AAVE wanda aka karɓa a matsayin memba a cikin ƙungiyoyin zamantakewar Afirka-Amurka duk da tseren ta.

Kafin bincike mai mahimmanci na shekarun 1960 da 1970 - gami da binciken ilimin lissafi na William Labov, *Harshe a cikin Inner City* - akwai shakku cewa maganar 'yan Afirka na Amurka suna da wasu siffofi na musamman da ba a samu a cikin nau'ikan da wasu kungiyoyi ke magana ba; Williamson (1970) ya lura cewa siffofi masu ban sha'awa na magana ta Afirka sun kasance a cikin jawabin 'yan Kudu, yayin da Farrison (1970) ya yi jayayya da kuskure cewa babu ƙamus mai mahimmanci ko bambancin ilimin lissafi tsakanin maganar' yan fata da sauran yarukan Ingilishi.

## A cikin tsarin shari'a
a, ?"   [28]

## Manazarta
Harsunan Arewacin Songhay

**Arewacin Songhay** shine ƙarami daga cikin rassa biyu na yarukan Songhay. Yana da rukuni na yarukan Berber da ke da tasiri sosai da ake magana a cikin oases da aka warwatsa na Sahara.

## Harsuna
Bambance-bambance masu zaman kansu sun hada da Tihishit a tsakiyar Nijar a kusa da Mazababou (tare da yare biyu, Tagdal da Tabarog) da Tadaksahak (ko *Dawsahak*) da ake magana a kusa da Menaka arewa maso gabashin Gao (Heath 1999:xv). Nau'ikan masu zaman kansu sun haɗa da Tasawaq a arewacin Nijar (tare da yare biyu, Ingelsi a In-Gall da kuma Emghedeshie na Agadez) da Korandje da ke arewa, kilomita 150 a gabashin iyakar Aljeriya da Morocco a Tabelbala.&nbsp;

## Rarraba
Babban tasirin waje a kan duk waɗannan sai dai a kan Korandje shine tarin yaren Tamasheq. Korandje ya bayyana yana da rinjaye daga Arewa da Yammacin Berber; bi da bi, makwabcin Arewacin Berber harshen Taznatit yana nuna wasu alamun tasirin Songhay. Tunda tasirin Berber a cikin waɗannan harsuna ya wuce ƙamus zuwa cikin yanayin juyawa, ana kallon Arewacin Songhay a wasu lokuta a matsayin harsuna masu gauraye (Alidou & Wolff 2001).

## Manazarta
Watanni na Ember

The **ember months** are the last four months of the year. The term is a neologism used in Nigeria, derived from the suffix "-ember" in September, October (or "-ber"), November, and December. In Nigerian popular belief, the period is sometimes associated with spiritual or supernatural influences and with a perceived increase in adverse events.

## Characteristics
These months include several religious and cultural observances, such as Independence Day, Eid al-Mawlid, and Christmas. Common activities include travel, visiting relatives and friends, exchanging gifts, and communal meals.

Economic, agricultural, educational, and entertainment activities often increase during this period. Traders and business owners respond to higher demand for goods and services. Farmers harvest and sell crops. Students prepare for examinations and graduation ceremonies. Entertainers organise shows and events.

Many people make plans for the end of the year and the start of the next, which may include work-related targets, bonuses, or time with family and friends.

Concerns during this period can include financial pressures, social obligations, health issues, and security risks. Some beliefs link the ember months to a higher likelihood of accidents or other misfortunes.

## Origins and usage
The term "ember months" may have originated as a play on the English word "ember," meaning "a small piece of burning or glowing coal or wood in a dying fire." This has been interpreted as a metaphor for the closing months of the year.

The term is widely used in Nigeria in media, education, religion, business, and government. It is employed to provide information, caution, or encouragement during this period, to describe events or patterns occurring at this time, and to convey sentiments associated with the season.

## Manazarta
Sai kuma!

**Sai kuma!** kalma ce ta yaren Najeriya wacce ke da ma'anoni daban-daban bisa ga mahallin ta a cikin tattaunawa. Ana amfani da kalmar a cikin tattaunawar al'ada kuma ta zama wani ɓangare na yaren Najeriya.

## Etymology and usage
Asalin "Ehen!" ana iya gano shi zuwa yaren Pidgin na Najeriya, wanda ya bunkasa sakamakon hulɗar harshe tsakanin kabilun daban-daban, harsunan gida, da Turanci. Kalmar kanta wakilci ne na onomatopoeic na dakatarwa mai murya, sau da yawa ana amfani dashi don jawo hankali ko nuna fahimta.

### Interpretations
The versatility of "Ehen!" lies in its multiple interpretations, which can change depending on the tone, context, and preceding dialogue in a conversation. Some common interpretations include:

* Expression of Understanding: "Ehen!" can indicate that the speaker has grasped the point being made by another person, similar to saying "I get it" or "I understand."
* Agreement: It can also signify agreement, akin to saying "yes," "I agree," or "that's right."
* Prompt to Continue: In some instances, "Ehen!" serves as an encouragement for the speaker to continue their narrative, equivalent to "go on" or "continue."
* Transition: It can be used to transition between topics or thoughts, like "as I was saying" or "that reminds me."

## Cultural significance
"Ehen!" embodies the warmth, informality, and communal nature of Nigerian conversations. Its wide range of meanings showcases the complexity of communication within the Nigerian context and reflects the country's cultural diversity.

## In popular culture
The term "Ehen!" is not limited to spoken language. It has also found its way into Nigerian literature, music, movies, and other forms of artistic expression, further solidifying its place in popular culture.

## See also

* Nigerian Pidgin

## Manazarta
Aza (slang)

**Aza** kalma ce ta yaren Najeriya wacce ke nufin lambobin asusun banki, musamman lambar asusun. Lokacin da wani a Najeriya ya yi amfani da kalmar "Aza," suna neman lambar asusun daga wani mutum, yawanci da niyyar aika kuɗi zuwa wannan asusun.

## Etymology
The term "Aza" is derived from the Edo language. In Edo, "Aza" means several things which include "store room", "treasury house/room", "save box" and "bank ." Over time, this term has become widely adopted across Nigeria as a casual way to refer to bank account numbers.

## Usage
In Nigerian culture, asking someone to "send your Aza" is a common way to request their bank account number for the purpose of transferring funds. The term has gained significant traction, particularly in informal settings and among the youth.

## Examples in sentences

* "I'll transfer the funds to you once you send me your aza."
* "Hey, can you share your aza so I can deposit the payment?"
* "She asked for my aza to process the refund."

## Cultural impact
The widespread use of "Aza" reflects the ever-evolving nature of language and the influence of technology on communication. As mobile banking and digital transactions become more prevalent, terms like "Aza" simplify the process of requesting and sharing bank account information.

## Manazarta
Bozal Mutanen Espanya

**Bozal [[Yaren Sifen|Mutanen Espanya]]** wani yaren creole ne mai yiwuwa ya ƙare na Mutanen Espanya ko pidgin wanda zai iya kasancewa cakuda Mutanen Espanya da Kikongo, tare da tasirin Portuguese. Shaidar ba ta isa ba don nuna ko Bozal Mutanen Espanya sun kasance yare ɗaya, mai jituwa ko mai ɗorewa, ko kuma idan kalmar kawai tana nufin kowane idiolect na Mutanen Espanya wanda ya haɗa da abubuwan Afirka.

## Magana
*Bozal* shine kalmar Mutanen Espanya don "muzzle", kuma yana da alaƙa da kalmar bosal. A cikin yankunansu na Sabon Duniya, Mutanen Espanya sun bambanta tsakanin negros ladinos  ("Latinate Negroes", waɗanda suka kwashe fiye da shekara guda a yankin da ke magana da Mutanen Espanya) da negros bozales (na daji, ba a sarrafa su ba  Negroes; waɗanda aka haifa a ko kuma suka zo daga Afirka). 

Hakazalika, Portuguese sun bambanta tsakanin  (tamed, Indiyawan gida ) da  (wanda ba shi da tushe, Indiyawan daji), da kuma tsakanin  ko  (Baƙar fata da aka haifa a cikin yankin daular Turai) da  ko  (baƙar fata da aka haifa a Afirka) (  Yanzu ya zama babban baƙar fata a cikin Portuguese na Brazil, yayin da Mutanen Espanya cognate, *[[Criollo people|criollo]]* ya zo yana nufin turawan Hispanoamerican da castizos ).

## Amfani da tarihi
Bayin Afirka ne ke magana da Mutanen Espanya na Bozal a Cuba,  Uruguay  da sauran yankuna na Kudancin da Amurka ta tsakiya daga karni na 17 har zuwa yiwuwar lalacewa a kusa da 1850.  Kodayake Bozal Mutanen Espanya ya ƙare a matsayin yare, tasirinsa har yanzu yana nan. A wasu bukukuwan addini na mutanen Cuban a yau, mutane suna magana da abin da suke kira "Bozal". Hakazalika, waƙoƙi da yawa na nau'in Afro, waɗanda suka bunƙasa a Cuba a cikin shekarun 1930 da '40s, suna ƙunshe da kalmomin da ke tunatar da yaren.

A Puerto Rico esclavos bozales bayi ne ("esclavos") da aka kawo daga Afirka, sabanin waɗanda aka haifa a Puerto Rico daga bayi. Irin waɗannan bayi suna magana da harsuna daban-daban, ban da Mutanen Espanya, wanda daga ƙarshe suka koya yayin da suke bautar. Wadannan bayi an yi amfani da su ne a cikin filaye da noma ba kamar waɗanda aka haifa a ƙarƙashin bautar da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin gidaje ba.

## Manazarta
Bajan Creole

**Bajan** Dialect ko kawai Bajan (/ˈbeɪdʒən/ BAY-jən), kamar yadda ake kira a cikin gida kuma ana kiransa **Bajan Creole** ta masana harshe yare ne na Turanci tare da tasirin Yamma / Tsakiyar Afirka da Burtaniya da ake magana a Tsibirin Caribbean na Barbados. Bajan da farko yare ne da ake magana, ma'ana cewa gabaɗaya, ana amfani da Turanci a cikin bugawa, a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, a cikin tsarin shari'a, a cikin gwamnati, da kuma kasuwancin yau da kullun, yayin da Bajan aka tanada don yanayin da ba shi da kyau, a cikin kiɗa, ko a cikin sharhin zamantakewa. Ethnologue ta ba da rahoton cewa, tun daga shekara ta 2018, 'yan Barbados 30,000 ne masu magana da Ingilishi, yayin da 260,000 suka yi magana da Bajan.

## Harsuna
Bajan shine yaren Caribbean tare da harshe wanda ya fi kama da Standard English.[2] Akwai muhawara ta ilimi game da ko fasalulluka na creole sun kasance ne saboda wani jihar pidgin da ta gabata ko kuma wasu dalilai, kamar hulɗa da makwabtaccen harsunan creole na Turanci.[3] A cikin wani samfurin tarihi, Bajan ya tashi ne lokacin da aka tilasta wa 'yan Afirka ta Yamma zuwa tsibirin, aka bautar kuma aka tilasta musu yin Turanci, kodayake sun koyi ba daidai ba. Bajan daga baya ya zama hanyar sadarwa ba tare da masu bautar ba. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

Saboda ƙaura zuwa lardin Carolina, Bajan ya rinjayi Turanci na Amurka   da harshen Gullah da ake magana a cikin Carolinas.   A yanki, Bajan yana da alaƙa da Belizean da Guyanese Creoles . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

Ba kamar Jamaica, Guyana ko Trinidad ba, Barbados ita ce wurin da ƴan bautar da aka haifa a Afirka suka kasance bayi bayan 1800.  Don haka, Barbadiyawan Afirka sun zama "Bajanised" jim kaɗan bayan mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. Wannan ya kasance yana sa su zama masu tsayayya ga al'adun gida, tare da harshen Anglicised, addini da al'adunsa.  

Bajan babban yare ne da ake magana da shi ba tare da daidaitaccen sigar rubutu ba. Saboda rashin ma'auni, rubutun kalmomi na iya bambanta sosai daga mutum zuwa mutum. Akwai bambancin yare da yawa a cikin tsibirin. Barbadiyawa da ke yin Rastafari a tsibirin kuma suna son yin magana da lafazin Jamaica fiye da cikakken Bajan. Kalmomin Bajan da jimlolin da aka gabatar a ƙasa an fi rubuta su kamar yadda ake furta su. Sabbin kalmomi, kalamai, jargon, da karin magana ana ƙara su akai-akai cikin yare ta hanyar sharhin zamantakewa da ake rerawa a lokacin bikin shekara-shekara na amfanin gona . 

## Siffofin
Kamar yadda yake a yawancin ƙwararrun Caribbean na tushen Ingilishi, interdentals  kuma  (kamar a cikin " th ing", da " th e" bi da bi) sun haɗu da wasu baƙaƙe (a wannan yanayin,  kuma , bi da bi, yana haifar da "ting" da "de"). [ 11 ] Ba kamar yawancin sauran Caribbean creoles ba, Bajan yana da cikakken rhotic, kuma idan wani abu ya fi rhotic fiye da Arewacin Amirka Standard Turanci . Har ila yau Bajan yana da ƙaƙƙarfan hali don gane syllable-na ƙarshe  a matsayin glottal tasha  . Don haka lafazin Bajan na *farawa*, , ya bambanta sosai da lafazin sauran masu magana da Caribbean,  ko  ko  . 

## Manazarta
Bocas del Toro Creole

**Bocas del Toro Patois** ko Panama Patois English, yare ne na Jamaican Patois. Ya yi kama da nau'ikan Amurka ta tsakiya kamar Limonese Creole .  Ba shi da matsayin harshen hukuma. An san shi da "guari-guari".

## Dubi kuma

* Jamaican Patois
* Bajan Creole
* Creoles na Turanci

## Manazarta
Harshen Garifuna

**Garifuna (Karif) yare ne na 'yan tsiraru da ake magana da shi a ƙauyukan [[Garifuna people|Mutanen Garifuna]] a yammacin arewacin gabar tekun [[Central America|Amurka ta tsakiya]] .** 

Yana daga cikin dangin yaren Arawak amma ba a saba da shi ba tun lokacin da ake magana da shi a waje da yankin yaren Arawak, wanda in ba haka ba yanzu an tsare shi a sassan arewacin Kudancin Amurka, kuma saboda yana dauke da adadi mai yawa na kalmomin aro, daga harsunan Carib da kuma Harsunan Turai da yawa saboda mummunan rikici da ya shafi yaƙi, ƙaura da mulkin mallaka.

## Tarihin zamantakewa da harshe
Garinagu (*Garifuna* guda ɗaya) sun haɗu da kakannin Yamma / Tsakiyar Afirka, Arawak, da Carib. Kodayake an cire su daga ƙasashensu, ba a taɓa rubuta waɗannan mutane a matsayin bayi ba. Ka'idoji guda biyu da suka fi dacewa sune cewa su ne wadanda suka tsira daga fashewar jirgin ruwa guda biyu ko kuma ta wata hanya sun karɓi jirgin da suka zo. Mutanen Burtaniya sun fitar da mutanen Yamma da na Tsakiyar Afirka daga Saint Vincent zuwa tsibirai a Bay of Honduras a cikin shekara ta 1796. 
## manazarta
Yana magana da Kongo

Habla Congo ko Habla Bantú harshe ne na addinin Palo wanda aka gina a Kongo, wanda ya samo asali daga Cuba, Jamhuriyar Dominican da Puerto Rico, daga baya ya bazu zuwa wasu ƙasashe a yankin Caribbean. Ana iya kiran harshen lengua conga ko lengua congo amma galibi ana kiransa da lengua, ma'ana "harshe" a cikin Sifaniyanci. Ya ƙunshi sauya lambobi tsakanin kalmomi da jimloli da Kongo ta samo asali; Bozal Spanish, tsohuwar kalmar Spanish creole ta gonakin bayi na Caribbean, ko aƙalla kwaikwayon ta; da kuma Caribbean Spanish ta hanyar magana. or   ,  

A Wani  (Palo priest) zai ce yana magana da harshen Kongo (ko magana da harshen Conga) "yana magana da Kongo," yana magana da yaren Kongo, ko magana da harshen Palero. Ba sirri ba ne, amma an yi niyyar zama ba za a iya fahimta ba ga waɗanda ba su da masaniya.
## manazarta
Iyaric

**Iyaric**, wanda kuma ake kira Dread Talk ko Rasta Talk, wani nau'i ne na harshe wanda mambobin ƙungiyar Rastafari suka gina ta hanyar canza ƙamus. Lokacin da aka kama 'Yan Afirka a matsayin wani ɓangare na Cinikin bayi, an sanya Turanci a matsayin harshen mulkin mallaka. A cikin rashin amincewa, ƙungiyar Rastafari ta kirkiro ƙamus da yaren Ingilishi da aka gyara, tare da manufar 'yantar da yarensu daga tarihinta a matsayin kayan aikin zalunci na mulkin mallaka. Ana aiwatar da wannan ta hanyar guje wa sauti da kalmomi tare da ma'anar da ba ta dace ba, kamar "baya", da canza su zuwa masu kyau. Iyaric wani lokacin yana taka rawa a cikin liturgical tsakanin Rastas,  ban da Amharic da Ge'ez. 

## Abubuwan da ke ciki

### Fasahar sauti
Iyaric yana da siffofi na phonological tare da Jamaican Creole, tare da wasu sauti, kamar /a/, ana jaddada su don manufar gano rukunin da ya bambanta da Jamaican creole. A cikin 2015, Dokta na ilimin harshe Havenol M. Schrenk ya daidaita kayan aiki daga Shugaba Emeritus na International Society for Pidgin and Creole Linguistics, Rocky Ricardo Meade, kamar haka:

### Tsarin wakilin
Iyaric ta lexical tashi daga jam'iyyar jam'iyyar Jamaican Patois yana daya daga cikin ma'anar yaren. Mai binciken ilimin harshe Benjamin Slade ya yi sharhi cewa siffofin wakilin Jamaican Patois da Standard English duk suna da karɓa a Iyaric, amma masu magana kusan koyaushe suna amfani da nau'in I na wakilan mutum na farko, yayin da amfani da nau-I don wakilan mutum ya biyu ba shi da yawa. Ya ba da cikakkun bayanai game da bincikensa a cikin teburin da ke ƙasa: 

## Manazarta
Creole na Guyanese

*Guyanese* ***Creole*** (Creolese ta masu magana da shi ko kuma kawai Guyanese) yare ne na Turanci wanda yawancin Mutanen Guyanese ke magana a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban. Ya fito ne a lokacin Kasuwancin Bautar Atlantika tsakanin 'yan Afirka da aka kawo zuwa Dutch, kuma daga baya, British Guiana daga Yamma da Afirka ta Tsakiya, tsakanin tsakiyar 1600s da 1834. Da yawa daga cikin wadannan 'yan Afirka sun isa ta tsibirin Caribbean na Barbados, da tsibirin Leeward. A sakamakon haka, **Creole na Guyanese** yana da mahimman fasalulluka tare da sauran Creoles na Afirka da Caribbean, musamman waɗanda ke Gabashin Caribbean. Ya ƙunshi yawancin abubuwan Afirka kuma yana da kalmomin aro daga harsunan 'yan asalin Amurka, da kuma Hindu saboda al'adun Indiya.

## Bambance-bambance da tasiri
Akwai ƙananan yaruka da yawa na Guyanese Creole bisa ga wurin ƙasa, birane - yankunan karkara, da tseren masu magana. Misali, tare da Kogin Rupununi, inda yawan jama'a galibi Amerindian ne, akwai wani nau'i na Creole. Yankin birni na Georgetown (babban birni) yana da wata sanarwa ta musamman, yayin da a cikin minti arba'in da biyar daga wannan yankin yaren / sanarwa ya sake canzawa, musamman idan ya bi bakin tekun inda ƙauyukan karkara suke. 

Kamar yadda yake tare da sauran harsunan Caribbean, kalmomi da jimloli suna da ƙarfi sosai, kuma ana iya ƙirƙirar sababbin, canzawa ko canzawa a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Hakanan ana iya amfani da su a cikin ƙaramin rukuni, har sai babban al'umma ta karbe su. An kuma san kabilun da canzawa ko haɗa kalmomi daga asalin su.

Har ila yau, akwai ci gaba da magana ta creole tsakanin Guyanese English da Standard / British English. Magana ta membobin manyan ɗalibai ta fi kusa da Turanci na Burtaniya da na Amurka, yayin da maganganun membobin ƙananan ɗalibai suka fi kama da sauran yarukan Turanci na Caribbean. Ana iya furta magana kamar "Na gaya masa" a sassa daban-daban na ci gaba:
## manazarta
Turanci na Creole na Grenada

Grenadian Creole English yare ne na Creole da ake magana a Grenada . Yana daga cikin reshen Kudancin Creoles na Gabashin Atlantic na Ingilishi, tare da Antiguan Creole (Antigua da Barbuda), Bajan Creole (Barbados), Guyanese Creole (Guyana), Tobagonian Creole, Trinidadian Creole (Trinidad da Tobago), Vincentian Creole (Saint Vincent da Grenadines), da Virgin Islands Creole (Virgin Islands).  Harshen harshe ne na yau da kullun kuma harshe ne ya kusan dukkanin mazaunan Grenada, ko kuma kimanin masu magana da asali 89,000 a shekara ta 2001.

## Tarihi
Biritaniya ta karɓi iko da Grenada daga Faransa a ƙarni na 18, kuma ta yi mulki har zuwa samun 'yancin kai a shekara ta 1974.  Duk da dogon tarihin mulkin Burtaniya, al'adun Faransanci na Grenada har yanzu ana tabbatar da su ta yawan kalmomin aro na Faransanci a cikin Turanci na Creole na Grenada, da kuma kasancewar Faransanci mai suna Grenadian Creole a cikin ƙasar. Halin Francophone na Grenada shine sakamakon sama da ƙarni na mulkin Faransanci ba tare da katsewa ba kafin nasarar Burtaniya, wanda daga ƙarshe ya haifar da Turanci na Creole na Grenada wanda ya maye gurbin Faransanci na Creole a matsayin harshen tsibirin. 

Grenada Creole Society, wanda aka kafa a shekara ta 2009, ya aiwatar da manufa don bincike da rubuce-rubuce na harshen a Grenada. An buga binciken farko a cikin 2012 a cikin littafin Double Voicing and Multiplex Identities ed. Nicholas Faraclas da sauransu.
## manazarta
Harshen Gullah

**Gullah** (wanda kuma ake kira Gullah-English,  Sea Island Creole English,  da **Geechee** ) yare ne na Creole wanda mutanen Gullah (kuma ake kira "Geechees" a cikin al'umma) ke magana, yawan jama'ar Afirka da ke zaune a yankunan bakin teku na Kudancin Carolina da Georgia (ciki har da birane Charleston da Savannah) da kuma arewa maso gabashin Florida da kuma kudu maso gabashin Arewacin Carolina.  

Gullah ya dogara ne akan nau'ikan Turanci da harsuna na Afirka ta Tsakiya da Yammacin Afirka. Masana sun gabatar da ra'ayoyi da yawa game da asalin Gullah da ci gabanta:

## Kalmomin kalmomi
Mutanen Gullah suna da kalmomi da yawa na asalin Nijar-Congo da Bantu a cikin yarensu waɗanda suka tsira har zuwa yau, duk da sama da shekaru ɗari huɗu na bautar lokacin da aka tilasta wa 'yan Afirka na Afirka suyi magana da Turanci.

Kalmomin Gullah sun fito ne da farko daga Turanci, amma  yawancin Afirka da ke cikin yarensu wanda malaman ba su riga sun samar da cikakkun bayanai ba. Wasu daga cikin kalmomin aro na Afirka sun haɗa da:  'turtle',  'ku' (jama'i),  'ci',  ,  ,  'girman', da kuma 

## Manazarta
Creole na Haiti

Haitian Creole (/ˈheɪʃən ˈkriːoʊl/; Faransanci: Créole haïtien fr; Haitian Creole: kreyòl ayisyen, ht[1][2]), ko kuma kawai Creole (Haitian Creole: kreyòl), harshe ne na Creole da aka haɗa da Faransanci wanda ke da alaƙa da Afirka wanda sama da mutane miliyan 13 ke magana da shi a duk duniya.[3][4] Yana ɗaya daga cikin harsuna biyu na hukuma na Haiti (ɗayan kuma shine Faransanci), inda shine harshen asali na yawancin al'umma. Hakanan shine harshen Creole da aka fi amfani da shi a duniya.[5][6]), 

Manyan yaruka uku na Haitian Creole sune yarukan Arewa, Tsakiya, da Kudancin; ana magana da yaren Arewa a Cap-Haïtien, Tsakiya a Port-au-Prince, da Kusanci a yankin Cayes.

.

## Asalin
Haitian Creole ya ƙunshi abubuwa daga duka ƙungiyar Romance na Harsunan Indo-Turai ta hanyar superstrate, Faransanci, da kuma tasirin daga Harsunan Afirka. Akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa game da kafa harshen Creole na Haiti.
## manazarta
Jerin kalmomin Jamaican Patois na asalin Afirka

**jerin kalmomin Afirka a cikin Jamaican Patois** ya lura da kalmomin aro da yawa a cikin Jamaic Patois waɗanda za a iya gano su zuwa takamaiman Harsunan Afirka, mafi yawansu kalmomin Twi ne. Yawancin waɗannan kalmomin Afirka sun isa Jamaica ta hanyar bayi na Afirka waɗanda aka kai su can a zamanin Cinikin bayi na Atlantic.

Yawancin kalmomin da aka samo daga Afirka a cikin Jamaican Patois suna da alaƙa da abinci, ruhaniya, jiki, dangantakar mutum da mutum, da halayyar zamantakewa, suna nuna fifiko na al'adu da abubuwan da suka faru na al'ummomin bayi. Misali, "duppy" (ghost) an yi imanin ya samo asali ne daga yarukan Akan ko Ga, yayin da "nyam" (don ci) na iya fitowa daga Twi ko Fula. Jamaican Patois yana da tasiri sosai daga harsunan Afirka, yana fadada fiye da ƙamus don haɗawa da abubuwa kamar rhythm, tone, da syntax. Musamman, yana da alamun kalmomi na jerin, jaddada sauti, da rashin yarjejeniyar magana-kalma, waɗanda halaye ne da suka dace da tsarin harshe na Afirka. Wadannan gudummawar harshe wani muhimmin bangare ne na al'adun Jamaica kuma suna ci gaba da tsara wallafe-wallafen ƙasar, kiɗa, da al'adun baki. 

## Manazarta