Hukuncin kisa a Lithuania

An yanke **Hukuncin kisa a [[Lithuania]]** ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma an soke shi ga dukkan laifuka a ranar 9 ga Disamba 1998.  Lithuania memba ce ta Majalisar Turai kuma ta sanya hannu kuma ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar 13 na Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam kan cikakken kawar da hukuncin kisa. Daga Maris 1990 zuwa Disamba 1998, Lithuania ta kashe mutane bakwai, dukkansu maza. Kashe-kashen karshe a kasar ya faru ne a watan Yulin 1995, lokacin da aka kashe shugaban kungiyar 'yan daba ta Lithuania Boris Dekanidze.

## Hukuncin kisa a cikin 1918-1940

### Tushen shari'a da hanyoyin kisa
Lokacin da Lithuania ta ayyana 'yancin kai a watan Fabrairun 1918, ta karɓi dokar aikata laifuka bisa ga *Dokar Laifin Rasha ta 1903* amma tare da gyare-gyare masu yawa. Dokar ta ba da hukuncin kisa ne kawai ga laifuka da aka yi wa jihar (alal misali, yin makirci don shiga tsakani da maye gurbin sarki), amma dokar soja ta ba da izinin kisa ta hanyar harbi ko ratayewa ga wasu laifuka daban-daban 30 ciki har da fashi, fashi, fyade, da kisan kai. Lokacin da Lithuania ta sabunta dokokinta a cikin Janairu da Fabrairu 1919, duality ya kasance: an soke hukuncin kisa a cikin dokar aikata laifuka amma an riƙe shi a cikin dokar soja (Lithuanian:  Ypatingi lei leiin įstatai). Mataki na 14 na dokar soja ya ba da hukuncin kisa ga laifuka takwas, galibi ana kaiwa ga jihar, sojoji, ko jami'ai, amma kuma sun haɗa da fashi da makami tare da kisan kai. Tsarin mulki na wucin gadi na 1920 ya yi magana game da kawar da hukuncin kisa. Koyaya, Lithuania tare da ɗan gajeren katsewa ya kasance a ƙarƙashin dokar soja har zuwa Nuwamba 1938 lokacin da aka ɗaga shi saboda matsin lamba na Jamus a cikin watanni kafin Ƙarshen Maris 1939.

Masanin tarihi Sigita Černevičiūtė ya ƙidaya akalla mutane 146 da aka kashe a tsakanin yaƙe-yaƙe na Lithuania, kodayake bayanan ba cikakke ba ne kuma sun ragu. Saboda dokar soja, sojoji ne suka aiwatar da hukuncin kisa ta hanyar harbi duk da cewa ayyukan shari'a sun ba da ratayewa. A cikin 1937-1940, Lithuania ta yi aiki da ɗakin gas a Aleksotas a cikin Fort na farko na Kaunas Fortress .  A watan Janairun 1937, an yi wa dokar aikata laifuka gyare-gyare don samar da kisa ta hanyar iskar gas wanda a lokacin ana kallon shi a matsayin mafi wayewa da ɗan adam. Lithuania ta yi la'akari kuma ta ki amincewa da kisa ta guba. An fara kisa ne a ranar 27 ga Yuli, 1937: Bronius Pogužinskas, mai shekaru 37, wanda aka yanke masa hukuncin kisa da kisan mambobi biyar na dangin Yahudawa. Černevičiūtė ya ƙidaya akalla mutane tara a cikin ɗakin gas. Daga cikin tara, an yanke wa takwas hukuncin kisa. Ɗaya, Aleksandras Maurušaitis, an kuma yanke masa hukunci kan ayyukan adawa da gwamnati a lokacin yajin aikin manoma na Suvalkija na 1935. Kashe-kashen karshe da aka sani ya faru ne a ranar 19 ga Mayu, 1940, don fashi. Makomar ɗakin gas bayan mamayar da Tarayyar Soviet ta yi a watan Yunin 1940 ba a bayyane yake ba.

### Kisan kiyashi na siyasa
A cikin shekarun rikice-rikice na Yaƙe-yaƙe na Independence na Lithuania, ba duk hukuncin kisa da aka yi ba. Alal misali, a cikin 1919, an kashe masu gwagwarmayar kwaminisanci Feliksas Valiukas da matarsa ba tare da shari'a ba kuma an kashe Jurgis Smolskis (wanda ake zargin a lokacin yunkurin tserewa) duk da cewa ya sami hukuncin shekaru shida kawai a kurkuku.

## Hukuncin kisa a cikin 1990-1998

### Ci gaban shari'a da sokewa
A lokacin mamayar Soviet, Dokar aikata laifuka ta samar da hukuncin kisa a cikin labaran 16. Bayan Sanarwar 'yancin kai a watan Maris na shekara ta 1990, an karɓi sabon tsarin aikata laifuka a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1991, inda aka ba da hukuncin kisa ne kawai a cikin Mataki na 105 don kisan kai da aka shirya a cikin yanayi mai tsanani. Lithuania ta zama mai sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa a watan Fabrairun 1992. Alkawari, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, ya ba da cewa kowane mutum yana da damar yin kira ga jinƙai. A watan Yulin 1994, gyare-gyare ga dokar aikata laifuka sun bayyana cewa mata ko mutanen da ba su kai shekara 18 ba a lokacin aikata laifukan ba za su iya karɓar hukuncin kisa ba. An dakatar da hukuncin kisa a ranar 25 ga Yuli, 1996 ta hanyar dokar Shugaba Algirdas Brazauskas . Shugaban ya ki sake duba takardun neman gafara ba tare da wanda ba za a iya aiwatar da hukuncin kisa ba.

## Manazarta