Sauyin yanayi na Moscow

Moscow yana da sauyin yanayi mai na lokacin rani na nahiyar (Köppen weather classification Dfb) tare da dumi zuwa lokacin zafi da tsayi, sanyi, sanyi.  Yawancin yanayin zafi a cikin watanni masu zafi na Yuni, Yuli da Agusta yana kusa da 23 °C (73 °F), amma a lokacin raƙuman zafi, wanda zai iya faruwa kowane lokaci daga Mayu zuwa Satumba, yawan zafin rana yakan kai 30 °C (86 °F) wani lokacin mako ɗaya ko biyu.  A cikin lokacin sanyi, yanayin zafi yakan faɗi zuwa kusan -10 °C (14 °F), kodayake ana iya samun lokutan zafi tare da yanayin zafi sama da 0 °C (32 °F).  Lokacin bazara yana daga tsakiyar watan Mayu zuwa farkon Satumba, kuma lokacin sanyi yana daga farkon Nuwamba zuwa ƙarshen Maris.  Danshi yana da girma duk shekara, ko da yake ya fi ƙanƙanta a cikin watannin bazara.

Matsakaicin yanayi na nahiyoyi a latitude guda - kamar sassan Gabashin Kanada ko Siberiya - suna da lokacin sanyi fiye da na Moscow, wanda ke nuna cewa har yanzu ana samun daidaito sosai daga Tekun Atlantika [ana binciken hujja] duk da cewa Moscow tana da nisa da teku.

## Matsakaicin kowane wata da rikodin Moscow

Mafi girman zafin jiki da aka taɓa yin rikodin shine  ° C (100.8 ° F) a ranar 29 ga Yuli, 2010. Mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki da aka taɓa yin rikodin shine -42 ° C (-44 ° F).  A cikin 2007 rikodin rikodin guda uku na watan ya faru - Janairu  ° C (47.5 ° F), Maris  ° C (63.5 ° F). A ranar 23 ga Yuli, 2010, zafin jiki ya kai  ° C (98.1 ° F)  kuma ya ci gaba da saita rikodin rikodin kowace rana mai zuwa har sai ya kai  ° C (100.8 ° F) a ranar 29 ga Yuli, 2010. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2010 wani sabon watan rikodin na  ° C (58.1 ° F) ya faru (bayan +12.6 a 1927).

Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a Moscow shine 5.8 °C (42.4 °F), amma kwanan nan (2007, 2008, 2015) ya kasance sama da 7 °C (45 °F).  A farkon rabin karni na 20, an sami sanyin dare a ƙarshen lokacin rani.[2020 ya zama mafi zafi a tarihin hasashen yanayi, matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara ya kai 8.0 °C (46.4 °F) (yayin da matsakaicin yanayin kowane wata ya kasance sama da 0 °C (32 °F) har ma a cikin Maris da Nuwamba..

Adadin ruwan sama na kowane wata yana da matsakaici a duk shekara, kodayake matakan ruwan sama suna da girma a lokacin rani fiye da lokacin hunturu. Saboda bambancin zafin jiki tsakanin watanni na hunturu da na rani da kuma iyakancewar canji a matakan hazo a lokacin rani, ana ɗaukar Moscow tana da Yanayin nahiyar ba tare da lokacin fari na gaskiya ba.

Yawancin rikodin da matsakaicin ana ba da su ga Tashar yanayi ta VVC, wanda ke cikin Yankin gudanarwa na Arewa maso Gabas na Moscow. Yawan zafin jiki daga wannan tashar yana da matsakaicin 0.5-1 ° C ƙasa da a tsakiyar gari, kuma 0.5-2 ° C sama da mafi ƙarancin dare a cikin unguwanni.&nbsp;

## Halaye na gaba ɗaya
Dangane da lura daga 1991-2020, Janairu shine watan da ya fi sanyi a shekara a Moscow (matsakaicin zafin jiki shine -6.2 ° C), kuma Fabrairu kusan sanyi ne (-5.9 ° C). Watan da ya fi zafi shine Yuli (zafin jiki na +19.7 °C). Watan da ya fi sanyi dangane da matsakaicin zafin jiki na kowane wata a duk tarihin abubuwan lura shine Janairu 1893 (-21.6 ° C), mafi zafi shine Yuli 2010 (+26.0 ° C).

600-700 mm na hazo ya faɗi a Moscow da kewayen yankin a kowace shekara (rikodin ya kasance 892 mm a 1952), tare da mafi yawan hazo da ke faruwa a cikin watanni na rani, kuma mafi ƙaranci a cikin Fabrairu, Maris da Afrilu. Shekarar da ta fi bushewa a duk lokacin auna ita ce 1920, lokacin da 338 mm na hazo ya fadi, da 1964 da 1972 (397 mm kowannensu) a VDNKh. Ruwan sama yana raguwa a cikin birni daga arewa maso yamma zuwa kudu maso gabas.

Fogs ba sabon abu ba ne a Moscow. Ana iya kiyaye su a duk shekara. Yana yiwuwa cewa tarin danshi a cikin yanayi yana sauƙaƙe ta hanyar tasirin masana'antu da sufuri.

* Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara shine 6.3 ° C (+ 7.5 ° C a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata,  a cikin rikodin shekara mai dumi 2020, ya kai 8 ° C,  kuma a cikin 2024, an sake maimaita wannan rikodin tare da daidaito na 0.1 ° C.  Rashin amfani da shi
* saurin iska - 2.3 m/s
* Matsakaicin zafi na iska na shekara-shekara shine 76% 
* Matsakaicin adadin sa'o'i na shekara-shekara na hasken rana shine sa'oʼi 1,731 .  A cikin 2007 da 2014 - fiye da awanni 2000. A lokaci guda, akwai halin rage tsawon hasken rana a ƙarshen kaka da hunturu da kuma ƙaruwa a cikin bazara da rani. Yuli 2014 ita ce mafi yawan rana Yuli da aka auna tun 1955 tare da tsawon rana na awanni 411, kuma duk shekarar 2014 ita ce rikodin rana mafi yawa a karni na 21 tare da tsawon hasken rana na awandi 2,168.

Tsarin iska na Moscow yana da nasa halaye: iska da ke gudana kamar tana gudana cikin tsakiyar birnin, tana kawo musu hazo ko zafi. Wannan ya faru ne saboda fasalulluka na ƙasa da bambancin zafin jiki a tsakiyar babban birnin da kewayen. Don haka, a cikin gundumomin arewa, kudanci da tsakiya na Moscow, akwai yankuna da ke da gine-ginen zama masu yawa, waɗanda ke da ƙananan saurin iska (1-2 m / s) da kuma sauye-sauye na kwanciyar hankali a cikin bazara da rani.

A matsayin doka, zafin jiki a cikin tsakiyar yankunan babban birnin ya fi na gefen gari da waje, wanda ke da mahimmanci da dare a lokacin sanyi a cikin hunturu da sanyi a cikin bazara da kaka, lokacin da bambancin zafin jiki zai iya kaiwa 5-7 ° C, amma a cikin hazo da ruwan sama sau da yawa babu ko maras muhimmanci, ba fiye da 1-3 ° C ba. Wannan an tabbatar da shi ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa karatun tashar yanayi a Cibiyar Nunin Rasha, wanda ke arewacin birnin (bayanai daga wannan tashar yanayi na hukuma ne kuma ana amfani da su a cikin kafofin watsa labarai don ƙayyade ainihin yanayin da rikodin zafin jiki a Moscow), yawanci 1-2 ° C ƙasa da ƙimar tashar yanayi akan Baltschuga, wanda ke cikin tsakiyar gari. Matsakaicin zafin jiki a ciki shine -38.1 °C, kuma matsakaicin matsakaicin shine +38.2 °C.

Shekarar 2010 a Moscow ta dauki matsayi na farko dangane da yawan yawan rikodin zafin jiki na yau da kullun (28), duk da haka, saboda sanyi Janairu, shekarar ba ta zama mafi zafi a tarihi ba. A lokaci guda, ba a rubuta sabbin rikodin mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki na yau da kullun a cikin birni ba sama da shekaru 25. - daga 30 ga Nuwamba 1998 .

## Tashoshin yanayi na Moscow

* Tashar Yanayi ta Moscow (VDNH) (ta yi aiki tun 1948), wanda ke arewacin birnin (yanzu babban tashar yanayi a Moscow).
* Tashar yanayi ta Moscow, cibiyar lura da Jami'ar Jihar Moscow (ta yi aiki tun 1954), a kudu maso yammacin birnin.
* Tashar yanayi ta Moscow, Observatory mai suna bayan Observatory na Mikhelson (Timiryazevskaya Agricultural Academy) wani cibiyar lura ne mai suna V. A. Mikhelson, a arewacin birnin (daga 1879 zuwa Mayu 1948 ita ce babbar tashar meteorological a Moscow).
* Tashar yanayi ta Moscow (Baltschug), a tsakiyar gari, kusa da Kremlin, tana aiki tun 1946.
* Tashar yanayi ta Moscow (Tushino) (ta yi aiki tun 1987) tana arewa maso yammacin birnin.
* Tashar yanayi ta Nemchinovka (a yammacin birnin, kusa da MKAD).
* Tashar Yanayi ta Moscow (Mikhailovskoye) (ta yi aiki tun 1961).
* Tashar yanayi ta Moscow (Izmailovo) (ta yi aiki tun 1971) a gabashin birnin.

Bugu da kari, ana amfani da bayanai daga tashoshin yanayi da ke yankin filin jirgin saman Vnukovo da Ostafevo na Moscow, Zhukovsky (Filin jirgin sama) , Domodedovo da Sheremetyevo kusa da Moscow. Har ila yau a yankin birnin akwai wasu, yanzu an rufe tashoshin yanayi: Moscow (Krylatskoye), Moscow (Losinoostrovskaya), Lenino-Dachnoye, da kuma wuraren da ke cikin yanayi: Moscow, Moscow (ZIL), Moscow (Khoroshevo), Belorussky Railway Station, Moscow (Karacharovo). Bugu da kari, a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin don kara cibiyar sadarwa ta yanayi, an shigar da tashoshin yanayi na atomatik: Moscow (Butovo), Moscow (Strogino), Moscow (Tolstopaltsevo). 

## Lokacin

Lokacin hunturu a Moscow yana da matsakaici, amma tare da narkewa wanda zai iya ɗaukar daga kwanaki 3-5 zuwa rabi ko fiye da hunturu. A lokaci guda, narkewa yawanci suna da sauƙi a cikin hunturu na kalandar (zafin jiki bai wuce 0.. + 2 ° C ba), tare da hazo galibi a cikin nau'in dusar ƙanƙara da kankara, don haka dusar ƙara a Moscow tana ci gaba a duk lokacin hunturu, ba kamar, alal misali, a cikin jihohin Baltic ba, inda tasirin Atlantic ya fi bayyana.

An lura da hunturu mafi sanyi tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na -16.8 ° C a cikin 1892-1893, lokacin da matsakaitan zafin jiki a watan Janairu ya kasance -21.6 ° C. Lokacin hunturu mafi zafi tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na +0.2 ° C ya kasance a cikin 2019-2020, lokacin da matsakaitan zafin jiki a watan Janairu ya kasance +0.1 ° C. A cikin karni na yanzu, hunturu mafi sanyi tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na -9.8 ° C an rubuta shi a cikin 2009-2010, lokacin da matsakaitan zafin jiki a watan Janairu ya kasance -14.5 ° C. Kwanaki mafi ƙanƙanta tare da narkewa (3) sun kasance a cikin hunturu na 1928-1929 da 1940-1941, mafi yawa (73) a cikin huntutu na 2019-2020. Lokacin hunturu mafi dusar ƙanƙara tare da matsakaicin tsawo na dusar ƙara na 11 cm ya kasance a cikin 2019-2020, kuma mafi dusarƙara ya kasance a 1993-1994 (78 cm). An lura da hunturu mafi bushewa a cikin 1890-1891, lokacin da 27.4 mm na hazo ya fadi. An lura da mafi ƙarancin hunturu na kalandar (+1 ° C) a cikin hunturu na 1940-1941, mafi girma (+9.6 ° C) - a cikin hunturo na 2008-2009. Lokacin hunturu mafi sauki tare da mafi ƙarancin -15 °C ya kasance a cikin 2019-2020, mafi tsanani tare da mafiƙalla -42.2 °C ya faru a cikin 1939-1940. Yanayin iska ya sauka ƙasa da -40 °C a cikin hunturu na 1892-1893, 1939-1940, 1941-1942 kuma, bisa ga bayanan da ba na hukuma ba [me?], a cikin huntutu na 1978-1979. A cikin karni na 21, zafin iska bai taɓa sauka ƙasa da -40 °C ko ma ƙasa da -35 °C ba, kuma sau ɗaya kawai ya sauka ƙasa le -30 °C - a cikin Janairu 2006 (Janairu 18 da 19).

Thaws mafi sau da yawa faruwa a farkon rabin hunturu (a cikin wannan yanayin, su ne sau da yawa a ci gaba da marigayi kaka).  Yanayin sau da yawa ba shi da kwanciyar hankali (alal misali, matsakaicin zafin rana na yau da kullun zai iya saukewa daga -5 zuwa -20 ° C a cikin kwanaki 2-3 kawai sannan ya sake tashi zuwa -5 ° C a cikin lokaci guda), amma ba kamar sauran yanayi ba, yanayin zafi na yau da kullun a lokacin hunturu kadan ne - saboda fifikon yanayin girgije, bambancin da ke tsakanin rana da kuma yanayin zafi yawanci ba ya wuce 5-10 C (kamar lokacin rani).  A cikin karni na 21st, lokacin sanyi ya yi zafi sosai fiye da kafin shekarun 1970 da 1980.  Misali, matsakaicin matsakaicin wata-wata a cikin Janairu 2020 ya zama tabbatacce (+0.1 ° C) a karon farko a tarihin abubuwan lura.. Mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki a watan Janairu ya kasance mai ban mamaki -6.8 ° C ga Moscow, wanda shine mafi ƙarancin a watan Janairun. A lokaci guda, Disamba 2019, wanda ya riga shi, ya fi dumi tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na kowane wata na +0.8 ° C kuma mafi ƙarancin -5.2 ° C kawai, wanda kuma shine mafi ƙaranci a watan Disamba. A cikin 2025, an sake maimaita rikodin 2020 don matsakaicin zafin jiki na kowane wata a cikin Janairu (+0.1 ° C). Bugu da ƙari, a cikin karni na 21, akwai lokuta lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara a Moscow ta ɓace gaba ɗaya a tsakiyar Janairu; misali, a cikin 2007,  Janairu 18, 2020, da Janairu 11 da 18, 2025.    A baya, a mafi yawan hunturu, sanyi mai tsawo ya faru (daga 1-2 zuwa 7-8 makonni), lokacin da aikin Atlantic ya ragu, kuma sanyi ya rushe a bayan kudancin ko guguwa, ko Scandinavian ko Arctic anticyclone ya sauya zuwa ɓangaren Turai na Rasha. Sa'an nan zafin jiki na iya sauka ƙasa da -25 °C da dare, kuma da wuya ya tashi sama da 0 °C a rana. A cikin karni na 21, mafi tsawo ba tare da narkewa ba shine a cikin hunturu na 2009-2010: sanyi ya zo Moscow a ranar 29 ga Disamba, 2009 kuma ya kasance kusan watanni 2 - har zuwa 24 ga Fabrairu, 2010.

A cikin karni na 21, yanayin yana motsawa a hankali zuwa ga narkewa mai tsawo, wanda zai iya kasancewa har zuwa rabin lokacin hunturu. Gabaɗaya, hunturu ya zo daga baya a cikin karni na 21 fiye da shekarun da suka gabata na karni na 20, don haka a cikin 2006, 2008, 2011, 2015 da 2019, hunturu na yanayi na 2024 ya fara a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Disamba ko daga baya. Lokacin hunturu na 2008-2009, 2011-2012, 2014-2015, 2015-2016, da 2020-2021 sun kasance masu zafi sosai, kuma lokacin hunturu na 2024-2025 ya kasance saboda watan Janairu mai zafi.

Ruwan sama a cikin hunturu ya fi sauka a cikin nau'in dusar ƙanƙara, amma ruwan sama yana yiwuwa, wanda aka lura da shi sau da yawa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Rufin dusar ƙanƙara yawanci yana da tsayi 30-40 cm.

Lokacin hunturu na yanayi (watau, lokacin da ke da matsakaicin zafin jiki na yau da kullun a ƙasa da 0 ° C) yana da kimanin kwanaki 131-132, yawanci yana farawa a tsakiyar Nuwamba kuma yana ƙare a cikin shekaru goma na uku na Maris.

Lokacin bazara shine mafi yawan lokaci na shekara a Moscow. A watan Maris da Afrilu, sauye-sauyen zafin jiki na yau da kullun ya fi girma kuma zai iya wucewa 15 ° C.

A cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, Maris ya zama wata tare da yanayin zafi mai kyau, amma watan da kansa ya riƙe yanayin da ba shi da tabbas, kuma alal misali, a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata akwai rubuce-rubuce masu kyau a watan Maris (Maris 25, 2014 +19.7 °C cikakkiyar rikodin ne a cikin tarihin abubuwan lura da yanayi) da kuma rikodin da ba su da kyau (Maris 18, 2018 -19.7 ° C - rikodin ƙarni).

Daga shekara zuwa shekara, dangane da yaduwar yanayi, Maris na iya zama ko dai gaba ɗaya bazara (tare da cikakkiyar rashin dusar ƙanƙara da farkon ciyayi a ƙarshen watan), ko kuma gaba ɗaya hunturu (tare da sanyi har zuwa -15 ° C da ƙasa). Duk da haka, har yanzu ana iya la'akari da watan farko na kalandar bazara a matsayin watan hunturu maimakon watan bazara, misali a 1991, 1993, 1994, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2021 kuma musamman a 2005, 2013 da 2018, Maris ya zama sanyi, amma dangane da alamun zafin jiki bai bambanta sosai daga Fabrairu na waɗannan shekarun ba.

Tsawon sa'o'in hasken rana da sauye-sauye akai-akai (mafi girman watan ya kai +3 ° C) yana tunatar da kusantar bazara a watan Maris. Longitude na rana a ƙarshen watan yana da sa'o'i 13, kuma rana tana daidai da tsayi kamar a tsakiyar kaka. Saboda wannan, zafin iska a wasu kwanaki na iya kaiwa +5. +10 °C, wani lokacin +15 °C a ƙarshen watan, kodayake bazara ta yanayi a Moscow yawanci tana faruwa bayan equinox na bazara, a cikin shekaru goma na uku na Maris, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki na yau da kullun ya zama mai kyau kuma dusar ƙanƙara ta fara faɗuwa.

Idan Afrilu gabaɗaya ta riƙe matsayin wata mai ɗorewa, tare da dawowar yanayi mai sanyi da karkatarwa daga ka'idodin zafin jiki, ban da Afrilu 2025, wanda ya sami damar saita rikodin zafin jiki kusa da ƙimar Yuni a cikin wata kalanda kuma ya dawo da dusar ƙanƙara na ɗan lokaci, to Mayu ta sake maimaita makomar Maris, kasancewa wata mai sauyawa da yanayin yana da halin da ba za a iya tsammani ba. Don haka Mayu 2007, 2012, 2013, 2018, 2019, 2021, Kuma wani bangare 2024 za a iya kiran watanni na rani. ; amma a cikin wannan shekarar, 2024, duk da farkon lokacin rani na yanayi, yanayin yanayi ya canza kwatsam a cikin wata daya, don haka dusar ƙanƙara ta fadi a ranar 9 ga Mayu, kuma lokacin rani ya fara a Moscow a ranar 17 ga Mayu.

Lokacin bazara a Moscow yana da matsakaici zafi tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na +17 ° C a watan Yuni zuwa +19 . +21 °C a watan Yuli da Agusta. Sau da yawa a lokacin rani, yanayin zafi na iya kaiwa +31. +33 °C a rana, kuma sama da +20 °C da dare, amma a matsayin doka, irin wannan zafi ba ya tsayawa fiye da kwanaki 3-4, kuma an maye gurbinsa da tsawa, yana buga zafin jiki zuwa +23. +25 °C.

Lokacin bazara (lokaci daga lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki na yau da kullun shine aƙalla +15 ° C na fiye da kwanaki 5 a jere zuwa lokacin da matsakaiciyar zafin jiki ta yau da kullun ta kasance ƙasa da +15 °C na fiye da kwana 5 a jere) a Moscow yana da matsakaitan kwanaki 108: daga tsakiyar - ƙarshen Mayu zuwa farkon Satumba. Matsakaicin lokacin rani ya kai kwanaki 136 kuma an kiyaye shi a 2024, lokacin da rani ya kasance daga Mayu 17 zuwa Satumba 29.

* Mafi yawan ruwan sama ya fadi a watan Yuli - 84 mm.
* A matsakaici, zafin jiki ya wuce +30 ° C na kwanaki 5-6 a kowane kakar.

Farkon lokacin rani yana da yanayin da ba shi da tabbas, tare da jerin kwanakin dumi da sanyi; tsawa yana da yawa, kuma ƙanƙara yana yiwuwa. A wasu shekaru, an yi rikodin mummunar guguwa (Yuni 25, 1957, Yuni 20, 1998, Mayu 29, 2017) har ma da guguwa.

A watan Yuli, irin yanayin anticyclonic yawanci yana da rinjaye. A wasu shekaru, akwai kuma yanayin sanyi tare da yanayin zafi na rana a kusa da +15 ° C da yanayin zafi da dare a ƙasa da +10 ° C, amma yawanci yana ɗaukar kwanaki da yawa, yayin da rana ke saurin dumama iska mai sanyi. Mafi girman zafi na lokacin rani a Moscow da kuma mafi girman haɗarin wuta a yankin Moscow suna faruwa a ƙarshen Yuli da farkon Agusta.

Agusta yana da yanayin zafi har ma da kwanakin zafi (har zuwa +28 ° C da sama), amma dare yana da sanyi a hankali saboda raguwar sa'o'in hasken rana da karuwar duhu, kodayake wannan yana bayyane galibi a waje da birnin, dare yana da zafi sosai a cikin Moscow. Rabin na biyu na watan Agusta ya riga ya sa kansa ya ji a bayyane ta hanyar alamun kusantar kaka: ganye a kan bishiyoyi suna fara zama rawaya, da dai sauransu. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na yau da kullun a watan Agusta yana raguwa daga 18.9 ° C a ranar 1 zuwa 14.4 ° C a kan 31st; shekaru goma na uku na wannan watan yawanci "lokaci" ne bisa ga alamun yanayi.

Agusta kuma na iya tunatar da ku game da kusantar kaka tare da ruwan sama da rigar yanayi. Agusta 2016 ya zama ruwan sama musamman, lokacin da 87.8 mm na hazo (107% na al'ada ta kowane wata) ya fadi a rana a ranar 15 ga Agusta, wanda shine cikakkiyar rikodin Moscow a cikin tarihin abubuwan lura da yanayi. An yi rikodin ambaliyar ruwa da yawa, kuma a yankin titin Noma, Kogin Yauza ya cika bakin kogin.

Ya kasance lokacin rani mai zafi a cikin karni na 21 na 2001, 2002, 2007, 2010, 2011, 2016, 2021, 2022 da 2024, kuma lokacin rani na 2010 shine mafi zafi a rikodin, lokacin da aka saita rikodin zafin jiki da yawa. Yuli 2014 ita ce Yuli mafi bushewa a tarihin abubuwan lura da yanayi a Moscow (kawai 4.4 mm na hazo ya fadi ), kuma Agusta 2016 ita ce Agusta mafi zafi a tarihin abubuwan da aka lura da yanayi (166.6 mm na hazo). Lokacin bazara na 2003 da 2017 ya zama mai sanyi (amma a cikin kewayon al'ada) saboda sanyi Yunin (lokacin 2017 ya kasance saboda sanyi Yuli), da kuma lokacin rani na 2019 saboda sanyi Yuli da sanyi Agusta.

### Lokacin kaka

Lokacin kaka a Moscow yana da tsawo, tare da dawowar zafi akai-akai, amma duk da wannan, kaka shine mafi kyawun lokacin shekara. Lokacin bazara ya ƙare tare da raguwa a cikin matsakaicin zafin jiki na yau da kullun a ƙasa da +15 ° C, wanda a cikin 1991-2010 ya faru a kwanakin ƙarshe na Agusta, kuma a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata - a cikin kwanakin farko na Satumba. Satumba yawanci ana nuna shi da yanayin zafi da bushewa tare da karatun zafin rana na +16. +18 °C da +8.. +10 °C da dare. Akwai kwanakin sanyi tare da girgije da ruwan sama, da kuma yanayin zafi na rani ya dawo zuwa +20... +25 °C a rana - abin da ake kira lokacin rani na Indiya. A lokaci guda, dare ya riga ya yi sanyi, kuma sanyi na farko ya zo a ƙarshen Satumba da farkon Oktoba. Amma a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, Satumba ya kasance yana ƙara matsakaicin zafin jiki na kowane wata zuwa game da dabi'un bazara, kuma Satumba 2018, 2023 da 2024 ana iya kiran su watanni na rani gaba ɗaya.

A farkon watan Oktoba, kaka ya zo cikin kansa. Thermometers yawanci suna kaiwa +10 a rana. +12 °C, kuma da dare +4.. +6 °C. A farkon rabin watan, dawowar zafi har yanzu yana yiwuwa, lokacin da rana ta kai +15. 20 °C, kuma da dare game da +10 °C (a cikin karni na 21, irin wannan zafi yana faruwa kusan kowace shekara a watan Oktoba, kuma ba a sake la'akari da shi ba). Amma tun daga tsakiyar Oktoba, yanayin ya saita hanya don hunturu: ya zama ruwan sama da guguwa, sa'o'in hasken rana ƙasa da awanni 10, yana daskarewa sau da yawa da dare, wani lokacin dusar ƙanƙara ta farko ta faɗi (yawanci kawai tana tashi a cikin iska). Matsakaicin zafin jiki na yau da kullun ya sauka ƙasa da +5 ° C a ranar 20 ga Oktoba. A lokaci guda, babban anticyclone sau da yawa yakan isa tsakiyar Rasha a cikin shekaru goma na uku na Oktoba - farkon Nuwamba, wanda ke sa yanayin zafi na iska ya isa ya isa a wannan lokacin na kwanaki da yawa - har zuwa +10. +15 °C.

Na farko (na wucin gadi) murfin dusar ƙanƙara yawanci yana samuwa a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Oktoba - kwanakin farko na Nuwamba.  A matsayinka na mai mulki, yana narke nan da nan, saboda ƙasa bai riga ya kwantar da hankali sosai ba, kuma a wannan lokacin aikin sufuri na yamma yana da girma, wanda ya ba da damar yawan zafin jiki na yau da kullum ya kasance mai kyau.  Yanayin iska yana mamaye sosai a cikin Nuwamba (saboda yawan zafi na yanayi), kodayake lokacin wucewar anticyclones, yanayin yana da zafi sosai a watan Nuwamba (har zuwa +10 ° C da sama da rana).  A wasu shekaru, dusar ƙanƙara ta farko tana tare da kankara.  Haka lamarin ya kasance, musamman a tsakanin ranakun 30-31 ga Oktoba, 2012, lokacin da aka yi ruwan sama mai tsananin zafi a birnin Moscow.  An kuma lura da ruwan sama mai sanyin ƙanƙara da ke faɗowa a yanayin zafin iska a Moscow a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2014. Matsakaicin zafin rana yana faɗuwa ƙasa da 0 ° C a tsakiyar Nuwamba, kuma an kafa barga dusar ƙanƙara da yanayin yanayin hunturu a ƙarshen Nuwamba.  Duk da haka, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, saboda sauyin yanayi, hunturu yakan fara faruwa daga baya fiye da na al'ada: a cikin hunturu 2005-2006, 2008-2009, 2009-2010, 2011-2012, 2014-2015, 2020-2021, 2024-2021-2021-2020  barga murfin dusar ƙanƙara da sanyi mai tsanani har zuwa farkon ko tsakiyar Disamba;  a cikin hunturu na 2015-2016, har zuwa karshen Disamba;  a cikin hunturu 2006-2007, 2013-2014 da 2017-2018 kafin farkon ko har tsakiyar Janairu;  kuma a cikin hunturu na 2019-2020, har zuwa karshen Janairu ko farkon Fabrairu.  A lokaci guda, akwai shekaru na abnormally farkon snowfall da farkon hunturu (1993 - marigayi Oktoba, 2007 - farkon Nuwamba, 2016 - marigayi Oktoba).  Satumba 2024 a Moscow ya zama mafi zafi ga duk lokacin kallon yanayi tun 1779 tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na kowane wata na +17.1 ° C (rikodin da ya gabata ya kasance +17.0 ° C kuma ya kasance na 1847, wato, rikodin ya buga ta mafi ƙasƙanci 0.1 ° C ).

## Canjin yanayi
A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, musamman tun daga shekarun 1970, yanayin birni yana samun dumi, kuma matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara yana ƙaruwa. Dalilan wannan tsari na iya zama dumama duniya da yanayin yanayi na halitta, da kuma ci gaba da ci gaban birnin (ƙaruwar yawan jama'a, yawan motoci, da sauransu).

Matsakaicin zafin jiki a cikin shekaru goma:

* 1969 - 1978 - +4,8 °C
* 1979 - 1988 - +5,0 °C
* 1989 - 1998 - +5,7 °C
* 1999 - 2008 - +6,3 °C
* 2009 - 2018 - +6,8 °C
* 2019 - 2028 - +7,3 °C
* 2029 - 2038 - +7,8 °C
* 2039 - 2048 - +8,3 °C
* 2049 - 2058 - +8,8 °C
* 2059 - 2068 - +9.3 °C
* 2069 - 2078 - +9.8 °C
* 2079 - 2088 - +10,3 °C
* 2089 - 2098 - +10,8 °C

### Amfani da ka'idojin yanayi daban-daban
Tun 2011, ana iya amfani da ka'idodin dake jerin 1981-2010 don kwatanta yanayin zamani na Moscow.  Koyaya, babban ma'auni na yanayi (na hukuma), bisa ga umarnin Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya, sun kasance ƙa'idodin da aka ƙididdige lokacin 1961-1990.  A lokaci guda kuma, ya kamata a tuna cewa "ka'ida" na ka'idoji wani ra'ayi ne mai mahimmanci, kuma WMO yana ba da damar yin amfani da ka'idoji don lokacin 1971-2010, 1981-2010.  Har ila yau, yawancin sabis na hydrometeorological na ƙasashen Turai (British METOFFICE) da NOAA na Amurka sun canza zuwa ka'idodin 1981-2010 don kwatanta yanayin zamani.  A lokaci guda kuma, Cibiyar Hydrometeorological ta Rasha mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, saboda rashin isassun kudade da rashin yawan ƙwararrun ma'aikata, ba ta sake ƙididdige ƙa'idodi na sabbin lokuta.  Don haka, ka'idodin da aka lissafta don lokutan 1971-2000 har ma fiye da 1961-1990 ba za su iya nuna yanayin yanayin Moscow ba, ba su cika ka'idodin haƙƙin mallaka ba saboda canjin yanayi wanda ba a iya musantawa da haɓaka matsakaicin zazzabi na shekara-shekara.

Dangane da ka'idojin 1981-2010, watan da ya fi sanyi shine Fabrairu (kuma ba Janairu ba, kamar yadda ya gabata). Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a watan Fabrairu, aikin Atlantic yana raguwa, kuma kwararar guguwa tana raguwa. Yawan anticyclones, wanda ke kawo sanyi da yanayin bushe, yana ƙaruwa.

## Iska

### Saurin iska
Matsakaicin saurin iska yana da yawa. A cikin birni yana kusa da mita 5 a kowace dakika; a wuraren budewa da filayen jirgin sama yana iya saman mita 6 a kowace dakika.

#### Guguwar iska da guguwa
Sau da yawa a kowane kakar, sau da yawa a lokacin Mayu-Satumba a lokacin tsawa, saurin iska na iya wucewa mita 15-35 a kowane dakika. Guguwar iska mai karfi ta ƙarshe ta kasance a cikin 1998, lokacin da saurin iska ya kasance mita 30-35 a kowace dakika. Mutane 157 sun ji rauni, 8 sun mutu, kuma gine-gine 2157 sun lalace.

An yi rikodin guguwa a cikin 1904 da 1945 a Moscow kuma a cikin 1970, 1971, Guguwar Yaroslavl ta 1984, 1987, 1994, da 1997 a Moscow Oblast 100 km kudu maso gabashin Moscow (kusa da Zaraysk), a cikin 2005 a Dubna, kuma a ranar 3 ga Agusta 2007 a Krasnogorsk . &nbsp;

A cikin guguwa ta 3 Yuni 2009, F3  da aka yi rajista a kusa da Sergiyev Posad, Moscow oblast.

## Rashin hankali da hasken rana

### Yawan kwanakin da suka bayyana, da girgije da kuma duhu
A matsakaita Moscow tana da sa'o'i 1731 na hasken rana a cikin shekara. A cikin 2004-2008, kusa da 1800-2000 hours.

Tsawon hasken rana ya dogara da matsayin ƙasa na Moscow. Ya bambanta daga sa'o'i 7 00 minti a ranar 22 ga Disamba zuwa sa'o-i 17 minti 34 a ranar 22 ta Yuni. Matsakaicin tsawo na rana sama da sararin samaniya shine 11 ° a ranar 22 ga Disamba da 58 ° a ranar 22.

Kusa da ranar bazara (22 ga Yuni), rana ba ta faɗuwa ƙasa da -12 °, don haka faɗuwar ruwa yana faruwa a cikin wannan lokacin.  Duk da haka, lighting na kewayawa maraice bai isa ga al'ada mutum aiki, don haka tituna bukatar wucin gadi haske, kuma an yi imani da cewa babu abin da ake kira farin dare a Moscow, ko da yake sama ya zauna duhu blue, kuma ba baki, kamar yadda, misali, a kudancin Rasha.

* Tashar yanayi ta VVC
* Yanayin Rasha
* 1904 Guguwar Moscow
* 1984 Yaduwar guguwa ta Tarayyar Soviet
* Guguwar Krasnozavodsk ta 2009