Robert Blake, Baron Blake

**Robert Norman William Blake, Baron Blake**, FBA , FRSL (23 Disamba 1916 - 20 Satumba 2003), masanin tarihi ne kuma ɗan Ingila . Ya fi shahara da tarihin rayuwarsa ta 1966 na Benjamin Disraeli, da kuma *Jam'iyyar Conservative daga Peel zuwa Churchill*, wanda ya samo asali ne daga laccocinsa na Ford na 1968. 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Robert Blake a Brundall, Norwich, babban ɗan William Joseph Blake, malamin makaranta, da kuma Norah Lindley Blake, ( née Daynes), 'yar wani babban lauya a Norwich. [1] Kamfanin dangin shine Daynes, Hill & Perks, wanda Eversheds ya saya daga baya. An ce yana da alaƙa da Admiral Robert Blake, na rundunar sojojin ruwa ta Majalisar Dokoki

Blake ya yi karatu a wata makarantar 'yan mata da ke Brundall; Makarantar Norwich ta Sarki Edward VI, inda mahaifinsa ya koyar da Tarihi;  da Kwalejin Magdalen, Oxford, inda ya kasance ƙwararren lauya a Eldon . Ya kammala karatunsa a Oxford da digiri na farko a fannin manyan mutane na zamani da kuma ɗan wasan hockey Blue .  Ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka yi zamani da shi a Oxford shi ne Sir Keith Joseph .

Blake ya yi shirin zuwa mashaya . Duk da haka, lokacin da Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ya ɓarke, an tura shi aikin soja a Royal Artillery, inda ya ƙi tayin da abokinsa ya yi masa na shiga MI5 . An kama shi a lokacin da aka kewaye Tobruk a shekarar 1942, ya tsere daga Italiya a shekarar 1944, kuma an ambace shi a cikin aika aika . Ya yi aiki a MI6 daga 1944 zuwa 1946, inda shi abokin aiki ne na Kim Philby . 

## Aikin ilimi
A shekarar 1947 ya zama ɗalibi (aboki) kuma malami a fannin Siyasa a Cocin Christ, Oxford, inda ya maye gurbin Lord Pakenham, wanda ya shiga gwamnatin Clement Attlee . Aikinsa na farko shi ne bugu na takardun Douglas Haig, wanda ya yi aiki sosai don dawo da martabar Haig. Bayan haka, sai aka rubuta tarihin Bonar Law, wanda aka rubuta bisa gayyatar Lord Beaverbrook, mai aiwatar da shari'a.

Shahararrun ayyukan Blake sune littafinsa na *Disraeli* na shekarar 1966, wanda ya ƙunshi tarihin rayuwar Benjamin Disraeli, wanda aka bayyana shi a matsayin "mafi kyawun tarihin rayuwar kowane firayim ministan Birtaniya"  da kuma "mafi kyawun tarihin rayuwar kowa a kowace harshe".  An zaɓe shi a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Burtaniya a shekara mai zuwa.

Bayan ya yi watsi da wani aiki don tarihin rayuwar Lord Derby, a shekarar 1970 ya buga *The Conservative Party from Peel to Churchill*, wani tarihin jam'iyyar Conservative bisa laccocin Ford na 1968. Daga baya aka fadada aikin don rufe lokacin har zuwa lokacin da Margaret Thatcher ta hau karagar mulki, sannan daga baya ta John Major .

A shekarar 1968 aka zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban Kwalejin Sarauniya, Oxford, inda ya riƙe muƙamin har zuwa lokacin ritaya a shekarar 1987. A ranar 17 ga Mayu 1971, bisa shawarar Firayim Minista Edward Heath, an naɗa Blake a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a matsayin **Baron Blake**, na Braydeston a Gundumar Norfolk .  A Majalisar Iyaye ya hau muƙamin shugaban masu ra'ayin mazan jiya. A shekarar 1972 ya mayar da jawabinsa a matsayin martani ga Jawabin Sarauniya .

*Tarihin Rhodesia* (1977) a cewar Kenneth O. Morgan, "ainihin bincike ne kan mulkin fararen fata, wanda ya ƙare da maganganu masu kaifi kan gwamnatin Ian Smith ta ɓalle, inda ra'ayoyin Blake suka yi tasiri sosai kan abotarsa da Garfield Todd mai sassaucin ra'ayi da 'yarsa".  Yana ba da karatu mai ban sha'awa tare da *littafin Rainbow on the Zambezi* (1953) na Don Taylor.

A shekarar 1987, an zaɓi Lord Blake a zaɓen neman kujerar Kansila ta Oxford, amma Roy Jenkins ya sha kaye, duk da cewa ya kayar da Edward Heath a zaɓen da ya gabata. Blake ya ji haushin yadda Majalisar Ministocin ƙasar ta yanke shawarar amincewa da Heath, kuma ta janye daga Oxford.

A shekarar 1990, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana tarihi da suka kafa Ƙungiyar Manhajar Tarihi. Ƙungiyar ta ba da shawarar a samar da manhajar tarihi mai tushen ilimi a makarantu. Ta bayyana "babban damuwa" game da yadda ake koyar da tarihi a cikin aji kuma ta lura cewa ana barazana ga amincin tarihi. 

A shekarar 1992 Blake ya gabatar da laccar Romanes ta shekaru 100 a kan "Gladstone, Disraeli da Sarauniya Victoria".

Blake ya shafe shekaru da yawa yana da babban memba (Jami'ar tana da alhakin yanke hukunci kan rikice-rikicen cikin gida kamar zarge-zargen magudin zabe) na Ƙungiyar Masu Ra'ayin mazan jiya ta Jami'ar Oxford .

## Siyasa
Tare da nazarin tarihin 'yan Conservative, Blake ɗan siyasa ne na Conservative, kuma ya hau kan kujerar shugabancin jam'iyyar Conservative a Majalisar Dattawa. Ya kare gwamnatin Birtaniya a lokacin rikicin Suez kuma a rayuwarsa ta baya ya kasance mai ra'ayin mazan jiya .  Duk da haka, ya kasance mai goyon bayan wakilcin daidaito, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Ƙungiyar Gyaran Zaɓe .  Ya kuma yi tawaye kan Dokar Laifukan Yaƙi . 

Lord Blake ya yi adawa da manufar Jam'iyyar Labour na kawar da takwarorinsu na gado a Majalisar Dattawa. A lokacin da yake rubuta shekara guda kafin babban zaɓen 1997, ya yi tsokaci:Rushe kuri'un gado ... ana zargin cewa mataki na farko ne na manufar maye gurbin Majalisar Dattawa ta zaɓe don majalisar da ke akwai. A halin yanzu za mu sami mafi girman rikici a kowane lokaci: Majalisar da membobinta za su ɗauki nauyin kujerunsu ne kawai don goyon bayan Firayim Minista na baya ko na yanzu. Ko da a matsayin matakin wucin gadi, wannan ba zai zama abin da ba a so ba, kuma tabbas babu wani ci gaba a cikin tsarin da ake da shi a yanzu. Tsarin gado, komai lahani na hankali, yana haifar da wasu mutane masu ra'ayoyi masu zaman kansu da kuma wasu waɗanda suka fi ƙanƙanta fiye da yadda ake yi a cikin 'yan majalisa na matsakaicin shekaru ... Ina tsammanin bayan cimma mataki na farko, wanda zai ƙunshi lokaci mai yawa na majalisa da jayayya mai yawa, Majalisar Labour za ta tsaya kan aikinta kuma ta dage duk wani shiri na majalisar zaɓe na tsawon shekaru da yawa. Akwai matsaloli masu yawa da suka shafi - ikonta, tsarin zaɓe, da kuma sama da duka alaƙa da Majalisar Wakilai, wanda tabbas zai yi fushi da ƙirƙirar wata ƙungiya mai ikirarin daidaiton dimokuraɗiyya.