Osu Castle

**Osu Castle** (wanda kuma aka sani da **Fort Christianborg** ko **Castle**) wani katafaren gida ne da ke Osu, Ghana, a bakin tekun Gulf of Guinea a Afirka.

Denmark-Norway ta gina wani katafaren kagara a cikin shekarar 1660s; Bayan haka, katangar ta canza mallakar tsakanin Denmark-Norway, Portugal, Akwamu, Biritaniya, da Ghana bayan samun yancin kai. Ƙarƙashin ikon Denmark-Norway shi ne babban birnin Danish Gold Coast, kuma ana gudanar da shi tare da tura mutane bayi a ketare.

A cikin shekarar 1902, Osu Castle ya zama wurin zama na gwamnati a Ghana amma yanzu wannan ya koma gidan Jubilee. 

Saboda shaidar da ta yi na tasirin turawan mulkin mallaka a yammacin Afirka da cinikin bayi na tekun Atlantika, an rubuta wannan katafaren cikin jerin abubuwan tarihi na UNESCO a shekara ta 1979 tare da wasu manyan garu da garu a Ghana. 

## Tarihi

Turawan Portugal ne suka fara mamaye yankin a cikin shekarar 1550, kodayake a cikin ƙarni na 17 tasirin Portuguese ya ragu. Yankin ya kasance ƙarƙashin ikon Sweden a ƙarshen shekarun 1640s, wanda ɗan kasuwan Jamus Heinrich Carloff ya jagoranta.  A shekara ta 1652, Sarkin Accra ya ba shi izinin gina wani ƙaƙƙarfan  masauki, wanda a baya ya yi kasuwanci tare da shi. A cikin shekarar 1660, sarrafawa ya wuce zuwa Netherlands amma ba da daɗewa ba ya ɓace zuwa Denmark-Norway. A cikin shekarar 1657, Carloff ya sake tafiya zuwa Afirka, wannan lokacin yana wakiltar Denmark-Norway. Ya yi niyya ne don ya cinye katangar da ya kafa a baya, wanda ya samu sauki a Osu.  A cikin farkon rayuwarsa, an yi amfani da ginin da farko a cinikin zinari da hauren giwa, amma a ƙarƙashin ikon Dano-Norwegian yana ƙara mu'amala da bayi. 

Gidan Osu yana kusa da wasu garu biyu. Holland ne ke iko da Fort Crèvecœur da kuma Fort James na Burtaniya. Mazauna a Osu ya yi ƙanƙanta don adana isassun kayayyaki don yin gogayya da sauran. Saboda haka, Denmark-Norway sayi  ƙasar da kuma faɗaɗa ginin, mai suna Fort Christiansborg bayan da Danish King Christian V.  Wannan ba za a ruɗe shi da fadar sarauta daga baya ba a Copenhagen. Denmark-Norway za ta mamaye katangar na mafi yawan shekaru 200 masu zuwa, tare da wasu katsewa, kuma yawancin lokacin ya zama babban birnin Gold Coast na Denmark-Norway. 

A cikin shekarar 1679 ko 1680, mataimakin kwamandan Girka na sansanin ya iza wani kisan gilla don kashe kwamandan. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, wani jirgin ruwa na Portugal da Julião de Campos Barreto ya umarta ya ziyarci katangar kuma ya yarda ya saya. An ba wa sansanin suna Fort São Francisco Xavier bayan ɗan mishan Katolika Francis Xavier. Fotigal ya gina ɗakin sujada kuma ya ɗaga basions da ƙafa uku. An yi watsi da katangar a ranar 29 ga watan Agustan 1682 bayan da sojojin suka yi wa ƙawanya kuma ya bayyana a fili cewa 'yan kasuwa na Portugal ba za su iya yin gogayya da sauran ikon Gold Coast ba. Sojojin Danish sun dawo a cikin watan Fabrairu 1683 bayan sun sayi katangar baya daga Portuguese. A cikin shekarar 1685, Fort Christiansborg ya zama babban birnin Gold Coast na Denmark-Norway, ya karɓi mulki daga Fort Frederiksborg. 

Ƙabilar Akwamu sun mamaye katangar ne a shekarar 1693 bayan sun yi galaba a kansu (waɗanda suka rage mutuwa da cututtuka) suna kama da ‘yan kasuwa. Assameni, shugaban Akwamu, ya mamaye sansanin na tsawon shekara guda, yana kasuwanci da ‘yan kasuwa daga ƙasashe da dama. A shekara ta 1694, Assameni ya sayar da katangar zuwa Denmark-Norway akan maki 50 na zinari (nauyin troy 400, darajar £200,000 zuwa £250,000 a shekara ta 2008) amma ya riƙe makullin, waɗanda har yanzu suna hannun ƙabilar har zuwa yau.   A farkon ƙarni na 18th bai kasance mai tausayi ga katangar ba, kuma a cikin shekarar 1722 Ingilishi ya ba da rahoton cewa yana cikin lalacewa. An yi ƙari daga baya a wannan ƙarni, duk da haka, kuma an inganta tsarin a cikin shekarar 1824. Ƙarin ɗakunan ajiya, wuraren garrison, dandali, ɗakunan bass da gidaje sun haifar da katangar ya ninka girman asalin katangar.   A cikin shekarar 1770s, Danes a Osu sun shiga cikin rikici tare da Accra na Holland. 

A cikin shekarar 1850, Burtaniya ta sayi duk kayan mallakar Gold Coast na Denmark akan £ 10,000 (tsakanin £ 850,000 da £ 1.5m a 2007), gami da Fort Christiansborg. Denmark ta daɗe tana tunanin sayar da waɗannan wuraren. Bayan an kawar da cinikin bayi suna da tsada don gudu kuma ba su da fa'ida kaɗan. Biritaniya ta fuskanci irin waɗannan matsalolin, amma tana da sha'awar hana cinikin bayi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba da kuma ƙarfafa Faransa ko Belgium a yankin.  Girgizar ƙasa a shekara ta 1862 ta lalata yawancin benaye na sama, waɗanda aka sake gina su da itace. Daga baya wannan ƙarni, gidan sarauta ya zama wurin zama na mulkin mallaka. Turawan mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya sun yi watsi da shi daga shekarun 1890 zuwa 1901. A cikin wannan lokacin, an yi amfani da shi azaman rikice-rikice kuma daga baya mafakar taɓin hankali. Ya sake zama kujerar gwamnati a shekarar 1902.  A cikin shekarar 1950, an sake gina benaye na katako bisa ga ainihin tsare-tsaren Danish.  A cikin shekarar 1957, lokacin da Ghana ta sami 'yancin kai, tare da Sarauniya Elizabeth ta biyu a matsayin shugabar ƙasa, sansanin ya zama gidan gwamnati, gidan Gwamna-Janar na Ghana. Lokacin da Ghana ta zama jamhuriya a shekarar 1960, ta zama gidan shugaban Ghana na farko, Kwame Nkrumah. 

A cikin shekarar 2005, an yi muhawara kan ko ya kamata a maye gurbin Osu Castle a matsayin kujerar gwamnati. Shugaba John Kufuor ya bayar da hujjar cewa bai kamata gwamnatinsa ta zauna a gidan ba saboda alakar da ta yi a baya da bauta da kuma saboda rashin isassun kayan aiki. 'Yan majalisar wakilai na National Democratic Congress, duk da haka, sun yi jayayya cewa $ 50&nbsp;m cewa sabon kuɗin fadar shugaban ƙasa zai fi kyau a kashe a wani wuri.

## Manazarta