Yanayin sararin samaniya

**[[Climate|yanayi]] sararin samaniya** shine bambancin dogon lokaci a cikin aikin hasken rana a cikin heliosphere, gami da iskar hasken rana, filin magnetic na Interplanetary (IMF), da tasirin su a cikin yanayin kusa da Duniya, gami na Magnetosphere na Duniya da ionosphere, sama da ƙasa, yanayi, yanayi, da sauran tsarin da suka danganci. Nazarin kimiyya na yanayin sararin samaniya wani bangare ne na ilimin kimiyyar sararin samaniya, kimiyyar hasken rana, Helio-physics, da geophysics. Don haka yana da alaƙa da ilimin yanayi na ƙasa, kuma ana la'akari da tasirinsa a kan Yanayin Duniya a cikin kimiyyar yanayi.

## Tarihi
Ilimin yanayi sararin samaniya yana la'akari da lokaci mai tsawo (tsawo fiye da lokacin juyawa na rana na kwanaki 27, ta hanyar sake zagayowar hasken rana na shekaru 11 da kuma bayan haka, har zuwa sama da dubban shekaru) bambancin alamun hasken rana, Hasken sararin samaniya, sigogi na heliospheric, da tasirin geomagnetic, ionospheric. Yana nazarin hanyoyin da matakai na jiki da ke da alhakin bambancin su a baya tare da tsinkaya zuwa gaba. Yana da ra'ayi mai zurfi kuma ya fi na sararin samaniya, wanda ke da alaƙa da shi kamar yanayin yanayi da yanayi na al'ada.

Baya ga abubuwan lura da hasken rana na ainihi, filin bincike kuma yana rufe nazarin bayanan yanayin sararin samaniya na tarihi. Wannan ya haɗa da bincike da sake ginawa wanda ya ba da izinin iskar rana da ƙarfin filin magnetic na heliospheric don a ƙayyade daga baya zuwa 1611.

Muhimmancin binciken yanayi na sararin samaniya an gane shi, musamman, ta NASA wanda ya ƙaddamar da wani aikin sararin samaniya na musamman Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR)  wanda aka sadaukar don saka idanu kan yanayin sararin samaniya. Sabbin sakamako, ra'ayoyi da abubuwan da aka gano a fagen Yanayin sararin samaniya an buga su a cikin binciken binciken da aka mayar da hankali ga Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate (JSWSC).  Tun daga shekara ta 2013, ana ba da kyaututtuka na bincike da lambobin yabo a yanayin sararin samaniya da yanayin sararin sararin samaniya a kowace shekara ta European Space Weather Week .  Wani dandalin lura da sararin samaniya na baya-bayan nan shine Solar Radiation da Climate Experiment (SORCE).

Binciken yanayi na sararin samaniya yana da manyan manufofi guda uku: 

# don fahimtar bambancin hasken rana na dogon lokaci, gami da kuma abubuwan da aka lura da kuma fasalulluka na wannan bambancin a cikin iskar hasken rana da kuma cikin Filin magnetic na heliosphere
# don fahimtar dangantakar jiki tsakanin Sun, heliosphere, da kuma wasu wakilai da suka danganci (geomagnetic fields, cosmic Rana, da dai sauransu) 
# don fahimtar tasirin dogon lokaci na bambancin hasken rana a kan yanayin kusa da Duniya, gami da nau'ikan yanayi daban-daban, kuma a ƙarshe akan yanayin duniya

### Tarihi
A farkon 2000s, lokacin da manufar *Yanayin sararin samaniya* ta zama gama gari, ƙaramin rukuni, wanda Kalevi Mursula da Ilya G. Usoskin suka jagoranta Jami'ar Oulu a Finland sun fahimci cewa direbobi na zahiri na bambancin hasken rana da tasirinsa na ƙasa za a iya fahimtar su da kyau tare da ra'ayi na gaba ɗaya da ya fi girma. An haɓaka manufar Yanayin Yanayi na sararin samaniya, kuma an kafa ƙungiyar bincike mai dacewa, wanda a halin yanzu ya haɗa da 'yan mambobi ɗari masu aiki a duniya. Musamman, an shirya jerin taron sararin samaniya na kasa da kasa (na shekaru biyu tun daga shekara ta 2004)  tare da taron farko da aka gudanar a Oulu (Finland) a shekara ta 2004, sannan wadanda ke Romania (2006), Finland (2009), Indiya (2011), Finland (2013), Finland (2016), Kanada (2019), Poland (2022) da Japan (2024) da kuma zaman yanayi na sararin samaniya ana gudanar da su a kai a kai a Babban Taron Kwamitin Nazarin sararin samaniya da Kimiyya na Duniya

## Yaduwa
Sakamakon bincike da ke da alaƙa da Yanayin sararin samaniya ana buga su a cikin tarin mujallu masu bita, kamar Astronomy & Astrophysics, Journal of Geophysical Research, Geophysiical Research Letters, Solar Physics (jarida) , Advances in Space Research.

## Dubi kuma

* Jirgin sama
* Kimiyya ta duniya, kimiyyar yanayi, da kimiyyar lissafi
* Ayyukan rana da yanayi
* Hasken rana
* Yanayin sararin samaniya
* Yanayin sararin samaniya
* Ilimin taurari

## Manazarta