Lafiya ta muhalli

**Lafiyar muhalli** misali ne da ake amfani da shi don kwatanta yanayin yanayin halittu. Yanayin muhalli na iya bambanta sakamakon gobara, ambaliya, fari, ɓarkewa, nau'in ɓarna, sauyin yanayi, hakar ma'adinai, kamun kifi, noma ko sare itace, zubewar sinadarai, da tarin wasu dalilai. Babu wani ma'auni da aka yarda da shi a duk duniya don ingantaccen yanayin muhalli, maimakon yanayin yanayin lafiyar yanayin yanayin zai iya bambanta dangane da waɗanne ma'aunin kiwon lafiya ake amfani da su wajen yanke hukunci da kuma waɗanne burin al'umma ke jagorantar kima. Masu fafutuka na misalan lafiya suna jayayya da sauƙi a matsayin kayan aikin sadarwa. "Masu tsara manufofi da jama'a suna buƙatar ra'ayoyi masu sauƙi, masu fahimta kamar lafiya." Wasu masu suka suna damuwa cewa lafiyar muhalli, "ginin da ke da kima", ana iya "ba da shi azaman kimiyya ga masu tsara manufofi da jama'a." Misali, mujallolin kimiyya da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sukan yi amfani da sharuddan kiwon lafiyar duniya da muhalli, kamar mujallar nan The Lancet Planetary Health.

## Tarihin ra'ayi
An yi amfani da misalan lafiyar da aka yi amfani da shi ga muhalli aƙalla tun farkon 1800s da kuma babban mai kula da kiyayewa na Amurka Aldo Leopold (1887-1948) ya yi magana a misalta lafiyar ƙasa, cutar ƙasa, gurgunta, da tashin hankali lokacin da ke kwatanta ayyukan amfani da ƙasa. Ana amfani da kalmar "gudanar da muhalli" aƙalla tun daga shekarun 1950. Kalmar "lafin yanayin muhalli" ya yadu a cikin wallafe-wallafen muhalli, a matsayin ma'anar gaba ɗaya ma'anar wani abu mai kyau, kuma a matsayin manufa mai ingancin muhalli a cikin nazarin filin koguna,  tabkuna, tekuna, da dazuzzuka.

## Ma'ana
An yi amfani da kalmar lafiyar muhalli don rungumar wasu ɗimbin manufofin muhalli da ake ganin kyawawa. Takardar Edward Grumbine da aka ambata sosai "Mene ne sarrafa tsarin halittu?" gudanar da nazarin halittu da wallafe-wallafen kiwon lafiya da kuma taƙaita maganganun da aka ci karo akai-akai:

Kiyaye ɗimbin ɗimbin ɗimbin halittu;

Kiyaye bambancin yanayin muhalli;

Kula da tsarin juyin halitta da yanayin muhalli;

Gudanar da firam na dogon lokaci don kiyaye yuwuwar juyin halitta;

Haɓaka amfani da zama na ɗan adam a cikin waɗannan ƙuntatawa.

Grumbine ya bayyana kowane ɗayan waɗannan manufofin a matsayin "bayani mai ƙima" kuma yana jaddada rawar da kimar ɗan adam ke takawa wajen kafa manufofin sarrafa yanayin muhalli.

Ita ce manufa ta ƙarshe da aka ambata a cikin binciken, ɗaukar mutane, wanda ya fi yawan rigima. "Mun lura cewa lokacin da ƙungiyoyin masu ruwa da tsaki ke aiki don ayyana ... hangen nesa, wannan yana haifar da muhawara kan ko za a jaddada lafiyar muhalli ko jin daɗin ɗan adam ... Ko fifikon yanayin muhalli ne ko kuma mutane suna tasiri sosai ga kimar masu ruwa da tsaki na kyawawan yanayin muhalli da zamantakewar al'umma. rayuwa da dabi’un al’adu.”[19

Auna lafiyar yanayin muhalli yana buƙatar babban samfurin muhalli wanda ke jagorantar manufa. Misali, hangen nesa game da lafiyar muhalli na Lake Superior an tsara shi ta hanyar taron jama'a kuma an shirya jerin manufofi don kare muhalli da kula da yawan wasu nau'ikan kifin na asali guda 70.[20] An ƙera wani rukunin alamomin kiwon lafiya na tabkuna 80 don Babban Tafkunan Basin ciki har da sa ido kan nau'in kifin na asali, nau'ikan nau'ikan ruwa, matakan ruwa, matakan phosphorus, sinadarai masu guba, phytoplankton, zooplankton, gurɓataccen nama na kifi, da sauransu.

Wasu mawallafa sun yi ƙoƙarin fayyace ma'anoni masu fa'ida game da lafiyar halittu, kamar ƙima a matsayin lafiyayyan yanayin yanayin yanayin tarihi "kafin farkon damuwa na ɗan adam." Wani wahala shi ne cewa ba a sani ba ko kuma ba a sani ba. Har ila yau, bayanan burbushin halittu da na pollen sun nuna cewa nau'in da ke mamaye tsarin halittu suna sake jujjuyawa cikin lokaci, don haka yana da wahala a iya gano hoto ɗaya a cikin lokaci mafi kyau ko "lafiya."

Faɗin ma'anar da aka saba ambata yana faɗin cewa yanayin muhalli mai lafiya yana da halaye guda uku:

yawan aiki,

juriya, kuma

“kungiyar” (ciki har da bambancin halittu).

## Manazarta