Paul Alivisatos

**Armand Paul Alivisatos** (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 1959) ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar sinadarai ne na Girka-Amurka, wanda a halin yanzu yake aiki a matsayin shugaban Jami'ar Chicago na 14 tun daga watan Satumba na 2021.

A baya a Jami'ar California, Berkeley, ya yi aiki a matsayin darakta na 7 na Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory daga 2009 zuwa 2016, a matsayin mataimakin shugaban bincike na wucin gadi daga 2016 zuwa 2017, da kuma a matsayin mataimakin shugaban zartarwa da shugaban provost daga 2017 zuwa 2021.

His academic research focuses on nanomaterials, particularly nanocrystal fabrication for biomedical and renewable energy applications.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Paul Alivisatos a Chicago, Illinois,  inda ya zauna har zuwa shekara 10, lokacin da iyalinsa suka ƙaura zuwa Athens, Girka . Ya koma Amurka don halartar Jami'ar Chicago a ƙarshen shekarun 1970. 

Alivisatos ya sami digirin farko na Fasaha (tare da girmamawa) tare da babban digiri a fannin sinadarai daga Jami'ar Chicago a 1981 da kuma digirin Diktora na Falsafa a fannin sinadarai na zahiri daga Jami'ar California, Berkeley a 1986. Mai ba shi shawara kan digirin digirgir a Berkeley shi ne Charles B. Harris .  Takardar digirin digirgir ɗinsa mai taken *The photophysical properties of molecules near metal and semiconductor surfaces* . 

## Sana'a
Bayan ya sami digirin digirgir, Alivisatos ya shiga AT&amp;amp;T Bell Labs yana aiki tare da Louis E. Brus, kuma ya fara bincike a fannin fasahar nanotechnology .

### Jami'ar California, Berkeley
Alivisatos ya koma Jami'ar California, Berkeley a shekarar 1988 a matsayin mataimakin farfesa a fannin sinadarai. An ƙara masa matsayi zuwa mataimakin farfesa a shekarar 1993 sannan kuma aka ƙara masa matsayi cikakken farfesa a shekarar 1995. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

A cikin mukaman gudanarwa, Alivisatos ya yi aiki a matsayin darakta na 7 na Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory daga 2009 zuwa 2016, a matsayin mataimakin shugaban jami'a na wucin gadi don bincike daga 2016 zuwa 2017, da kuma mataimakin shugaban zartarwa da shugaban jami'a daga 2017 zuwa 2021.  

A watan Agusta na 2013, an naɗa shi a matsayin Farfesa Mai Daraja na Samsung a fannin Nazarin Kimiyyar Nano da Fasahar Nano.  Shi ne kuma darektan kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Nanosciences ta Kavli Energy (ENSI).  

#### Dakin Gwaji na Ƙasa na Lawrence Berkeley
Alivisatos ya shiga Sashen Kimiyyar Kayan Aiki a Dakin Gwaji na Ƙasa na Lawrence Berkeley a shekarar 1991. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin darektan dakin gwaje-gwaje na kimiyyar jiki daga 2005 zuwa 2007. A shekarar 2008, ya zama mataimakin darakta, kuma ya shiga matsayin darakta na wucin gadi bayan da Steven Chu ya tafi ya zama Sakataren Makamashi na Amurka a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Obama ta farko .  

A ranar 19 ga Nuwamba, 2009, an naɗa Alivisatos a matsayin darektan 7 na Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Ya sake mai da hankali kan dakin gwaje-gwaje kan bincike kan makamashi mai sabuntawa da yanayi, ya kula da sabbin wurare, ya zurfafa alaƙa da yanayin kirkire-kirkire na ƙasa, da kuma haɗin gwiwa mai zurfi waɗanda suka haɓaka canjin fasaha a cikin masana'antu daga motoci zuwa magani.    A ranar 23 ga Maris, 2015, ya sanar da cewa zai sauka daga mukamin darakta da zarar an naɗa magaji. 

### Jami'ar Chicago
A ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, 2021, Hukumar Amintattu ta Jami'ar Chicago ta naɗa Alivisatos a matsayin shugaban Jami'ar Chicago na 14, wanda wa'adin aikinsa zai fara daga ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2021.  Ya maye gurbin Robert Zimmer, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban jami'ar daga Yuli 2006 zuwa Agusta 2021.  Baya ga ofishin shugaban ƙasa, an naɗa shi Farfesa John D. MacArthur, shugaban kwamitin gwamnonin Argonne National Laboratory, kuma shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa na Fermi Forward Discovery Group LLC, wanda ke gudanar da dakin gwaje-gwaje na Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory . 

A ranar 24 ga Satumba, 2025, Hukumar Amintattu ta Jami'ar Chicago ta tsawaita shugabancin Alivisatos har zuwa watan Yuni na 2030. 

## Binciken ilimi
Alivisatos wani kamfani ne da aka sani a duniya kan ilmin sunadarai na nano a cikin hada ɗigon ƙwayoyin semiconductor da kuma tsarin nanostructures na wucin gadi masu siffofi da yawa.  Bugu da ƙari, ƙwararre ne a duniya kan ilmin sunadarai na lu'ulu'u na nanoscale; an ambaci ɗaya daga cikin takardunsa (Kimiyya, 271: 933–937, 1996) sama da sau 13,800.  Shi ma ƙwararre ne kan yadda za a iya amfani da waɗannan, misali a matsayin alamun halittu (misali, Kimiyya, 281: 2013–16, 1998; takarda da aka ambata sau 10,900  ). Bugu da ƙari, amfani da DNA a wannan fanni ( Kimiyyar nano ta DNA ) ya nuna bambancin wannan kwayar halitta mai ban mamaki. Ya yi amfani da shi don jagorantar girma da ƙirƙirar sabbin kayayyaki, kamar yadda yake a cikin Nature, 382: 609–11, 1996, har ma don auna nisan nanoscale (duba Nature Nanotechnology, 1: 47–52, 2006). 

A watan Fabrairun 2011, Alivisatos ta kasance ta biyar a cikin manyan masana kimiyyar sinadarai 100 na duniya a tsawon lokacin 2000-2010 a cikin jerin da Thomson Reuters ta fitar.  

An san shi sosai a matsayin wanda ya fara nuna cewa ana iya girma na'urorin nanocrystals na semiconductor zuwa siffofi masu sarkakiya masu girma biyu, sabanin na'urori masu girma ɗaya masu sauƙi.   Alivisatos ya tabbatar da cewa sarrafa ci gaban nanocrystals shine mabuɗin sarrafa girmansu da siffarsu. Wannan nasarar ta canza yanayin nanoscience kuma ta share hanyar sabbin aikace-aikace masu yuwuwa, gami da binciken halittu, ƙwayoyin photovoltaic masu juyin juya hali, da kayan LED. 

### Nanocrystals
Nanocrystals tarin abubuwa ne daga ɗaruruwa zuwa dubban dubban ƙwayoyin zarra waɗanda suka haɗu suka zama nau'in abu mai siffar lu'ulu'u wanda aka sani da "ƙungiya." Yawanci 'yan nanometers a diamita, nanocrystals sun fi ƙwayoyin halitta girma amma sun fi ƙanƙanta fiye da manyan daskararru kuma saboda haka sau da yawa suna nuna halayen zahiri da sinadarai a wani wuri a tsakani. Ganin cewa nanocrystal kusan dukkan saman abu ne kuma babu ciki, halayensa na iya bambanta sosai yayin da lu'ulu'u ke girma a girma.

Kafin binciken Alivisatos, duk nanocrystals da ba na ƙarfe ba suna da siffar dot, ma'ana suna da ainihin girman guda ɗaya. Babu wata dabara da aka bayar da rahoton don yin nau'i biyu ko nau'in sandar semiconductor nanocrystals wanda kuma zai kasance daidai da girman. Koyaya, a cikin takarda mai mahimmanci wanda ya bayyana a cikin Maris 2, 2000, fitowar mujallar Nature,  Alivisatos ya ba da rahoton dabarun da aka yi amfani da su don zaɓar girman amma ya bambanta siffofin nanocrystals da aka samar. An yaba da wannan a matsayin babban ci gaba a cikin ƙirar nanocrystal saboda ana iya tara nanocrystals masu kama da sandar don ƙirƙirar na'urorin lantarki masu girman nano.

Binciken nanocrystal mai siffar sanda, tare da aikin da Alivisatos ya jagoranta wanda aka nuna cewa digo-digo na quantum ko "qdots" - digo-digo na lu'ulu'u masu girman nanometer (masu girman biliyan ɗaya na mita) - waɗanda aka yi daga semiconductors kamar cadmium selenide na iya fitar da launuka da yawa na haske dangane da girman lu'ulu'un, ya buɗe ƙofar yin amfani da nanocrystals a matsayin na'urorin haske don nazarin kayan halittu, kayan aikin bincike na biomedical da kayan taimako don gano cuta,  da kuma azaman diodes masu fitar da haske (LEDs). Alivisatos ya ci gaba da amfani da dabarunsa don ƙirƙirar sabuwar ƙarni na ƙwayoyin hasken rana masu haɗaka waɗanda suka haɗa fasahar nano da na'urorin lantarki na filastik. 

### Aikace-aikace
Alivisatos masanin kimiyya ne da ya kafa Quantum Dot Corporation, [undefined] wani kamfani da ke yin alamun nanoscale na kristal waɗanda ake amfani da su wajen nazarin ɗabi'ar ƙwayoyin halitta. (Quantum Dot yanzu wani ɓangare ne na Life Technologies.) Ya kuma kafa kamfanin nanotechnology Nanosys, da Solexant, wani kamfani mai amfani da hasken rana wanda tun daga lokacin ya sake farawa a matsayin Siva Power . Bincikensa ya haifar da haɓaka aikace-aikace a fannoni daban-daban, gami da bioimaging (misali, amfani da digo na quantum don lakafta kyallen halitta mai haske); fasahar nuni (fim ɗinsa mai fitar da digo na quantum yana cikin kwamfutar Kindle Fire HDX);  da makamashin sabuntawa (aikace-aikacen hasken rana na digo na quantum).

### Editocin
Alivisatos shine editan farko na *Nano Letters*, wani littafi na American Chemical Society.  Ya taɓa yin aiki a Babban Kwamitin Edita na *Kimiyya* . Ya kuma yi aiki a kwamitin ba da shawara na edita na *ACS Nano*, *Journal of Physical Chemistry*, *Chemical Physics*, *Journal of Chemical Physics*, da *Advanced Materials* .

## Lambobin yabo da girmamawa

* 1991 – Alfred P. Sloan Foundation fellowship;
* 1991 – ACS Exxon Solid State Chemistry Fellowship;
* 1994 – Coblentz Award for Advances in Molecular Spectroscopy;
* 1995 – Materials Research Society Outstanding Young Investigator Award;
* 2005 – Colloid and Surface Chemistry American Chemical Society Award;
* 2006 – E. O. Lawrence Award;
* 2006 – Eni Italgas prize for Energy and Environment;
* 2006 – The Rank Prize (Optoelectronics);
* 2006 – University of Chicago's Distinguished Alumni Award (Professional Achievement);
* 2008 – Kavli Distinguished Lectureship in Nanoscience, Materials Research Society;
* 2009 – Nanoscience Prize, International Society for Nanoscale Science, Computation & Engineering;
* 2010 – *Medaglia teresiana*, University of Pavia;
* 2011 – Linus Pauling Award;
* 2011 – Von Hippel Award, Materials Research Society;
* 2012 – Wolf Prize in Chemistry;
* 2014 – National Medal of Science;
* 2014 – ACS Award in the Chemistry of Materials;
* 2015 – Axion Award, Hellenic American Professional Society;
* 2015 – Spiers Memorial Award, Royal Society of Chemistry;
* 2016 – Dan David Prize for nanoscience research;
* 2017 – NAS Award in Chemical Sciences;
* 2019 – Welch Award in Chemistry;
* 2020 – BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award;
* 2021 – Priestley Medal;
* 2024 –  2024 Kavli Prize in Nanoscience;
* 2024 – Enrico Fermi Award

In addition to those listed above, Alivisatos has held fellowships with the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Physical Society (1996), and the American Chemical Society. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Alivisatos yana auren Nicole Alivisatos, tsohuwar mai sayar da sinadarai, tsohuwar edita a mujallar Nano Letters, kuma 'yar shahararren masanin sinadarai, Gábor A. Somorjai . Suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu. 

## Littattafai da aka zaɓa

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## Manazarta