open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Gidan sarauta na D'Albertis

**D'Albertis Castle** ( Italian   ) wani gidan tarihi ne da ke Genoa, a yankin arewa maso yammacin Italiya . Gidan sarautar tsohon gidan kyaftin ɗin teku ne Enrico Alberto d'Albertis kuma an ba shi gudummawar birnin Genoa bayan rasuwarsa a shekarar 1932. A yau, gidan yana ɗauke da Museo delle Culture del Mondo (Gidan Tarihi na Al'adun Duniya), wanda aka buɗe a shekarar 2004.

## Bayani
D'Albertis ya tsara gidan sarautar a cikin salon zane-zanen gine-gine tare da kamannin Gothic Revival wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi daga gidajen sarauta a Florence da gidajen sarauta na Aosta Valley .

An gina gidan sarautar tsakanin 1886 da 1892 a ƙarƙashin kulawar Alfredo D'Andrade, mai rayar da Gothic, kuma yana kan wurin da aka gina wani yanki mai katanga na ƙarni na 13, wanda aka ƙarfafa shi a ƙarni na 16. Alberto ba wai kawai ya gina ƙirarsa bisa ga harsashin birnin ba, ya haɗa kuma ya kiyaye harsashin ginin da kuma ɗaya daga cikin hasumiyoyin.

An buɗe shi ne don bikin cika shekaru 400 da gano Amurka da Columbus ya yi, kuma shine ginin villa na farko da aka gina a Genoa. 

Daga saman tudun Monte Galletto (ko Montegalletto), ɗaya daga cikin tsaunukan da ke gundumar Castelletto, gidan sarautar ya mamaye Genoa tare da kallon Tekun Ligurian .

## Tarin abubuwa
Gidan tarihin ya haɗa da binciken al'adu da na kayan tarihi da Enrico da Luigi Maria d'Albertis suka tattara a lokacin tafiye-tafiyensu zuwa Afirka, Amurka (daga Kanada zuwa Tierra del Fuego ), New Guinea da Oceania . Akwai makamai da yawa daga Sudan da yankin Zambesi , mashin Sin da kuma dabbobin Turai. Akwai misalai da yawa na mutanen Kanada da Amurka, waɗanda aka yi da fata na barewa da barewa kuma aka rufe su da ƙaya; haka nan akwai binciken da ya shafi wayewar Maya daga Honduras.

## Manazarta
Pat Ugwu

**Patience Patrick Ugwu** Listenⓘ (13 December 1989 – 5 February 2025), known professionally as **Pat Ugwu**,
was a Nigerian actress, model, and fitness coach, recognized for her work in Nollywood films and her dynamic presence on social media platforms.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Pat Ugwu ɗan asalin Umuogbu Itchi ne, wanda ke cikin yankin karamar hukuma na Igbo-Eze na Jihar Enugu, Najeriya .  A shekara ta 2014, ta sami digiri daga Jami'ar Abuja . 

## Ayyuka
Ugwu ya shiga masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya, Nollywood, a cikin 2016. Ta fito a fina-finai da yawa, ciki har da Lack of Money, Port-Harcourt Lady, da Twist of Fate . Baya ga yin wasan kwaikwayo, ita ce ta kafa PatPat Fitness, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai horar da motsa jiki a kan layi. Ta kuma mallaki kasuwancin kyakkyawa kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai horar da kayan kwalliya na dindindin.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Pat Ugwu an san ta da aiki sosai a kafofin sada zumunta, inda ta sau da yawa ta raba fannoni na rayuwarta da ta sana'a. A watan Afrilu na 2021, ta sanar da alkawarinta, ta raba hoto na zobe da kuma bayyana cewa ba wasa ba ne na Afrilu.

## Mutuwa
Pat Ugwu ya mutu a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu 2025. Ba a bayyana dalilin mutuwarta a fili ba.

## Hotunan fina-finai

* *Rashin Kudi* (2018) 
* *Lady Harcourt* (2019) 
* Twist na Fate (2020) 

## Manazarta
Cameron Hitchcock

**Cameron Hitchcock** (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1990) tsohon kwararren dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na Australiya wanda ya buga wa Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Port Adelaide a gasar kwallon kafa ta Australiya (AFL).

An haifi Cameron a yankin Eyre a cikin ƙaramin garin Elliston, Kudancin Ostiraliya, kuma ya zauna a can kafin ya koma Adelaide tare da iyalinsa kuma ya halarci Kwalejin Zuciya Mai Tsarki, Adelaide.

Ya fara bugawa Port wasa a zagaye na farko na gasar cin Kofin NAB na 2010, yana burgewa da saurinsa da burinsa.

A kakar wasa ta farko, an ɗaga Hitchcock zuwa jerin manyan kuma ya buga wasanni 17, ya zira kwallaye 20. Ya lashe kyautar dan wasan shekara ta farko mafi kyau na Port Adelaide. An inganta shi zuwa babban jerin don kakar 2011. An cire Hitchcock a ƙarshen kakar 2014, bayan raunin kafada, hamstring, da ƙafa ya lalata aikinsa.[1]

A shekara ta 2016, Hitchcock ya buga wa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Kudancin Australia (SANFL) kulob din South Adelaide kuma an zaba shi a cikin 2016 West End SANFL State Team.

## Manazarta
Zagayen Beethoven

**Beethoven Ring** kyauta ce ta shekara-shekara da ƙungiyar "Citizens for Beethoven" ta birnin Bonn  bayar. ('Yan ƙasa na Beethoven) ita ce babbar ƙungiyar al'adu ta Bonn. Manufarta ita ce haɓaka waƙar Beethoven da kuma adana tunawa da shi a birnin da aka haife shi.  A cikin ƙuri'a, mambobi 1500 na "'Yan ƙasa na Beethoven" sun zaɓi ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan mawaƙa biyar a Beethovenfest Bonn, waɗanda suka fassara wani aikin Beethoven.  Bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na hukuma yana gudana ne a cikin tsarin kide-kide a Beethoven-Haus .  An ƙera zoben da hannu a matsayin wani abu na musamman daga zinare mai launin fure mai karat 18 da azurfa mai tamani. 

An ba da kyautar wasu zoben Beethoven ta ƙungiyar Beethoven Vienna  ko kuma Wiener Musikakademie. 
## Manazarta
Gidan ajiyar ƙasa na Arawale

**Awarale National Reserve** yanki ne da aka keɓe don kiyayewa wanda Gundumar Garissa ke kula da shi tare da taimakon Hukumar Kula da Namun Daji ta Kenya . Yana cikin Lardin Arewa maso Gabashin Kenya,  kudu da garin Garissa . Wurin ajiyar ya ƙunshi fadin    .  A yamma, Kogin Tana yana iyaka da shi, kuma a gabas, ta hanyar Garissa-Lamu. A shekarar 1974, an sanya wurin ajiyar kayan *tarihi* a matsayin wurin kiyayewa kawai ga mutanen Hirola da ke fuskantar barazanar fuskantar barazanar tsaro a arewa maso gabashin Kenya da kudu maso yammacin Somaliya .

## Namun daji
Wurin ajiyar namun daji muhimmin wuri ne ga nau'ikan namun daji daban-daban, ciki har da nau'ikan halittu guda huɗu da ke fuskantar barazanar duniya: Hirola, Zebra na Grevy, karen daji na Gabashin Afirka da kuma cheetah na Gabashin Afirka . Wani bincike da Terra Nuova ta ba da umarni a shekarar 2006 ya kuma nuna alamun kasancewar giwar daji ta Afirka. 

Tun daga shekarar 2005, yankin da aka kare ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin Sashen Kare Zaki tare da Lag Badana National Park. 

## Manazarta
Stephen Kenny (aboki)

**Stephen Kenny** lauya ne na Australiya. Ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya na asali ga David Hicks, Wanda aka tsare a Guantánamo Bay.

Kenny ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya da lauya a Ostiraliya sama da shekaru 25. Ya ci gaba da sha'awar 'yanci na jama'a kuma shi ne tsohon Shugaban Majalisar Kudancin Australia don' 'Yancin jama'a'a. A duk lokacin da yake aiki, Kenny ya yi aiki ga 'Yan asalin ƙasar, gami da al'amuran da ake da su na mallakar ƙasa da kuma yin aiki na pro-bono ga iyalai masu ƙaura da kungiyoyin al'umma.

A cikin shekarun 1990s ya yi aiki ga Ngarrindjeri a lokacin gardamar gadar tsibirin Hindmarsh. 

A watan Janairun 2002 bayan karanta rahotanni na manema labarai game da tsare David Hicks a Guantánamo Bay, Kenny ya ba da sabis ga iyalinsa na Adelaide. Tare da izinin dangi, Kenny ya fara shari'a a Amurka don Writ of Habeas Corpus a kan Shugaba Bush da Sojojin Amurka waɗanda ke tsare Hicks. An san shi da Rasul v. Bush, shari'ar ta haifar da hukuncin Kotun Koli ta Amurka cewa Guantánamo Bay yana cikin ikon Kotun Amurka. Wannan ya haifar da wasu fursunoni da yawa da suka dauki mataki game da tsare su a Kotun Tarayyar Amurka.[1]

## Kyaututtuka
Kenny ya lashe lambar yabo ta Shari'a ta Kudancin Australia ta 2010.

## Manazarta
Yammacin Sulawesi

**West Sulawesi** (Indonesian), ya mamaye faɗin ƙasa na 17,152.99&nbsp;km 2 tare da babban birninsa a Mamuju, lardin Indonesia ne a yammacin tsibirin Sulawesi (tsohon Celebes), wanda ya ƙunshi hukumomi 6 (*kabupaten*), wato Polewali Mandar, Mamasa, Majene, Mamuju, Mamuju ta tsakiya da Pasangkayu (wanda ake kira Arewa Mamuju).

## Tarihi
A ranar 11 ga Disamba, 2019, wata ƙungiyar masu bincike ƙarƙashin jagorancin Dr. Maxime Aubert ta sanar da gano tsoffin wuraren farauta a cikin fasahar tarihi a duniya, wanda ya fi shekaru 44,000 daga kogon dutse na Leang Bulu' Sipong 4. Masana ilmin kayan tarihi sun tantance shekarun da aka nuna ana farautar alade da bauna saboda calcite 'popcorn', matakan isotope daban-daban na rediyoaktif uranium da thorium .    

## Yanayin ƙasa

Lardin Yammacin Sulawesi, yana iyaka da lardunan Kudancin Sulawesi da Tsakiyar Sulawesi a gabas, mashigar Makassar a yamma, da kuma Tekun Pacific a kudu. Lardin kuma yana da iyakokin teku da Gabashin Kalimantan da Kudancin Kalimantan a yamma.

Gandun Dajin Gandang Dewata, wanda yake tsakiyar dutsen Gandang Dewata, shine tsakiyar lardin.   Kogin Karama   da Kogin Lariang wanda ke tashi a Donggala Regency na Tsakiyar Sulawesi   ya ci gaba da zama wani ɓangare na kan iyaka tsakanin Tsakiyar Sulawesi da Yammacin Sulawesi kuma ya shiga Mashigar Macassar kusa da garin Lariang,   manyan koguna ne ke malalar lardin. Tsibiran Balabalagan a Mamuju Regency suma suna cikin lardin.  Tsibiran suna kan wani murjani mai kama da teku, wanda aka sanya shi a bakin teku wanda ya fito daga Kalimantan, wanda hakan ke haifar da babban haɗari ga zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa; *Matukin jirgin Admiralty* ya yi gargaɗin cewa "Babu wani jirgin ruwa da ya kamata ya yi tafiya a tsakaninsu ba tare da sanin yankin ba."  

## Alƙaluma

Yawan jama'arta a ƙidayar jama'a ta 2010 ya kai 1,158,651 wanda ya karu da kashi 2.67% a kowace shekara.  Daga cikin waɗannan 171,356 an rarraba su a ƙasa da layin talauci na Indonesia.  Kiyasin hukuma ya zuwa tsakiyar 2023 shine 1,481,077. 

### Addini

 

## Manazarta
Koase

**Koase** gari ne da ke yankin Brong Ahafo na Ghana . Garin ya shahara da Makarantar Fasaha ta Koase Secondary (KOSTECH). Makarantar tana kan titin Techiman zuwa Wenchi . Yawan mutanen makarantar daga binciken da aka yi a ranar 3 ga Yuli, 2016 ya kai ɗari huɗu da saba'in da huɗu (474). An kafa makarantar a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 1991. Makarantar ce da ke da al'umma wadda Shugaban Ƙasa Jerry John Rawlins ya kafa. Kafin lokacin makarantar sakandare ce wadda Firayim Minista Kofi Abrefa Busia ya kafa.   Makarantar cibiya ce ta zagaye na biyu.

## Manazarta
St. Francis Xavier Minor Seminary

**Makarantar Sakandare ta St. Francis Xavier** Makarantar Sakandare ce ta Katolika da kuma makarantar sakandare ta yara maza da mata a Wa, Ghana.         

## Manazarta
K.B. Asante

**Kwaku Baprui Asante** (26 Maris 1924  – 22 Janairu 2018) jami'in diflomasiyya ne na Ghana, jami'in gwamnati kuma marubuci. Asante ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Sakatare a Sakatariyar Harkokin Afirka daga 1960 zuwa 1966. Daga nan ya rike mukamai da dama na hidimar ƙasashen waje kafin a naɗa shi Sakatare na PNDC . Ya kasance Babban Kwamishinan Ghana a Burtaniya daga 1991 zuwa 1993.

Asante ya yi karatu a Makarantar Achimota sannan daga baya ya koma can don koyar da Lissafi. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Asante a Accra, Gold Coast, a ranar 26 ga Maris 1924, ya halarci Makarantar Ilimi ta O'Reilly, Tudu, Makarantar Government Junior Boys' School, Adabraka, da Makarantar Government Senior Boys' School, Kinbu, daga 1927 zuwa 1937.  Daga 1938 zuwa 1942, ya halarci Makarantar Firamare da Sakandare ta Kwalejin Achimota, inda ya kuma koyar da lissafi (1945–48). Daga nan ya ci gaba zuwa Jami'ar Durham da ke Birtaniya, inda ya sami digirin BSc Lissafi a 1952. 

## Sana'a
Asante ya zama memba na Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi a shekarar 1953, kafin ya koma Kwalejin Achimota, inda daga 1953 zuwa 1955 ya koyar da lissafi. 

Ya yi aiki na tsawon shekaru shida a The Flagstaff House, kuma ya kasance Babban Sakatare a Sakatariyar Harkokin Afirka (1960–66). Daga 1967 zuwa 1972, ya kasance Jakadan Ghana a Switzerland, tare da Ostiraliya, kuma daga 1976 zuwa 1978 ya yi aiki a matsayin Jakadan Belgium, Luxembourg, da kuma Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Turai. 

### Gwamnatin Majalisar Tsaron Ƙasa ta Wucin Gadi
Tsakanin 1982 da 1986, Asante ya yi aiki a matsayin Sakataren Ciniki da Yawon Bude Ido a gwamnatin Majalisar Tsaron Ƙasa ta Wucin Gadi (PNDC) wadda Jerry Rawlings ya jagoranta. Asante ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Sakataren Ilimi da Al'adu tsakanin 1986 da 1990.  Tsakanin 1991 da 1993, ya kasance Babban Kwamishinan a Burtaniya da Ireland. 

Asante ya rubuta wani shafi na mako-mako, "Murya daga Afar", a cikin jaridar ƙasa, *[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]* .  A shekara ta 2003, an buga tarin labaransa na mako-mako a matsayin littafi mai taken shafinsa iri ɗaya.   

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Ya auri Dzagbele Matilda Asante kuma sun haifi 'ya'ya biyar.   Asante ya kasance mai ibada a Cocin Anglican har tsawon rayuwarsa. Shi ma Freemason ne, wanda ke zaune a Gundumar Grand Lodge ta Ghana a ƙarƙashin United Grand Lodge ta Ingila .    

## Mutuwa da jana'iza
Asante ya mutu a ranar 22 ga Janairun 2018, yana da shekaru 93.  An yi masa jana'iza ta musamman a Fadar Shugaban Kasa da ke Accra. 

## Manazarta
Offinso

**Offinso** gari ne da ke cikin Karamar Hukumar Offinso a Yankin Ashanti na Ghana. Garin yana da nisan mintuna goma sha biyar a mota daga Kumasi, babban birnin Yankin Ashanti ; saboda kusancin Offinso da Kumasi, yawancin 'yan asalin Offinso sun ƙaura zuwa Kumasi. 

Mutanen asalin ƙasar Asante ne (Asantefoɔ) don haka al'adun Asante suka mamaye garin. 

Offinso sigar 'ɔfenso' ce ta harshen Turanci. An sanya wa garin suna ne bayan Kogin Ofe (ɔfe a Asante) wanda ke aiki a matsayin iyakar Karamar Hukumar Kudu ta Offinso da Ahenkro, wani gari a Gundumar Afigya Sekyere shi ma a Yankin Ashanti. 

## Tarihi da yawan jama'a
An raba tsohuwar gundumar Offinso zuwa gundumar Offinso ta Kudu da kuma gundumar Offinso ta Arewa, inda manyan biranenta ke New Offinso da Akomadan bi da bi.

A bisa kididdigar yawan jama'a ta shekarar 2021 a Ghana, mutane 137,272 ne ke zaune a Offinso - yawancinsu 'yan asalin Asante ne.

A farkon ƙarni na 18, Offinso ya taka rawa wajen mamaye yankin Denkyira, Akyem da Bono a lokacin faɗaɗa Daular Ashanti . Wanda ya kafa kuma sarki na farko na Masarautar Ashanti, Nana Osei Tutu I ya ba wa Offinsohene, Nana Wiafe Akenten I, ɗimbin filaye saboda gudunmawar da ya bayar a yaƙi. Tarihi ya nuna cewa an ba wa Offinsohene ɗimbin filaye bisa buƙatarsa. Bai so komai ba sai ƙasa a matsayin ladansa saboda gudummawar da ya bayar a lokacin yaƙin. 

Yawanci na kowace al'ummar Akan, Offinso yana da wani biki mai suna Mmoaninko (Mmoaninkɔ), bikin yana tunawa da babban ƙoƙarin Nana Wiafe Akenten I da mutanen Offinso a yaƙi. 

## Sana'o'i
Yawancin mazauna yankin manoma ne yayin da wasu kuma ke aiki a matsayin 'yan kasuwa, malamai, direbobi, likitoci, ma'aikatan jinya, lauyoyi, jami'an soja, akawu da sauransu.

## Siyasa

### Jerin Sarakunan Gargajiya
Babban Basarake (babban Basarake) da shugabanninsa ne ke mulkin garin. Ga jerin sarakunan Offinso tun lokacin da aka kafa shi a ƙarni na 16.

* Nana Foroben Twea 1540-1556
* Nana Amponsa Kwatia 1556-1580
* Nana Abena Boa (Mace) 1580-1630 
* Nana Dankwa Gyeawowa 1630-1660
* Nana Dwamena Akenten I 1660-1701
* Nana Wiafe Akenten I ( also known as Nana wiafe Kofi or Wiafe Kwagyan.) 1701-1730 
* Nana Wiafe Taapem
* Nana Amponsah Akyiano
* Nana Yankyera Korkor
* Nana Naka Abigi 
* Nana Gyan Frimpong
* Nana Nyankomago Yaw
* Nana Yaw Ofeh (A lokacin mulkinsa, an kafa Abofuo Mmie da wasu alloli).
* Nana Kwaku Dwoma 
* Nana Kwadwo Appiasei
* Nana Kwadwo Appiah (wanda aka fi sani da Nana Kwadwo Kwahu)
* Nana Yaw Berko
* Nana Kofi Kessie
* Nana Kwabena Konadu
* Nana Kwame Dudu
* Nana Kwabena Opoku (An san shi da gina fadar Offinso a Tutuase.)
* Nana Kofi Boateng (wanda aka fi sani da suna Nana Kofi Minkah.) 
* Nana Kwabena Wiafe (Wanda aka sani da sunan Nana Kwabena Sanwo Ansah, an enstooled sau biyu a matsayin Offinsohene.)
* Nana Wiafe Akenten II
* Nana Wiafe Akenten III 

## Manazarta
David King (ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, an haife shi a shekara ta 1985)

David D. King (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1985) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Australiya tare da Box Hill Hawks na Victoria Football League (VFL). Ya kuma buga wa Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Collingwood a gasar kwallon kafa ta Australia (AFL) da Glenelg Football Club a Kudancin Australia (SANFL).

Asalinsa daga Kwalejin Zuciya Mai Tsarki a Adelaide, Sarki ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tare da Glenelg Football Club kafin Collingwood ya ɗauke shi tare da lambar da aka zaɓa ta 58 a cikin shirin AFL na 2002.

Sarki ya fara buga wasan farko na AFL a shekara ta 2004, kodayake an yi hasashen cewa zai iya zama abin mamaki a cikin tawagar Collingwood da Brisbane Lions a cikin jagorancin zuwa 2003 AFL Grand Final. Babu shakka, lokacin da Sarki ya tashi a wasan zagaye na 18 a 2004 a kan Richmond, lokacin da ya zira kwallaye na lashe wasan daga kusa da ya biyo baya a mako mai zuwa lokacin da ya kori kwallaye uku a kokarin da ya yi a nasarar da ya samu a kan Fremantle Football Club.

Bayan yanayi uku tare da Collingwood, an cire Sarki a ƙarshen kakar 2005. Ya buga wa Box Hill Hawks wasa tun daga lokacin.

## Haɗin waje

* David King's playing statisticsdaga Tables na AFL
Ellen Boakye

**Ellen Boakye** ƙwararriyar likitan zuciya ce 'yar ƙasar Ghana. An san ta da lashe kyaututtuka 18 saboda ta shahara a fannin karatunta.      

## Ilimi
An haifi Boakye a Kokofu da ke yankin Ashanti na Ghana. Ta yi karatunta na firamare da sakandare a Makarantar Petra International da ke Breman Read da kuma Makarantar Sakandare ta Yaa Asantewaa da ke Kumasi bi da bi. Daga nan ta ci gaba da karatu a Makarantar Likitanci ta Jami'ar Ghana . A lokacin kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin Kimiyya, ta lashe kyaututtuka 8 daga cikin 9 da aka bayar. A shekarar 2017, ta lashe kyaututtuka 10 a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Mataimakin Shugabar Jami'a da aka gudanar a Babban Zauren Jami'ar Ghana. An san ta lashe kyaututtuka mafi yawa a wannan shekarar, bayan ta lashe kyaututtuka 10 daga cikin kyaututtuka 156 da aka bayar.    

## Sana'a
A halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan likitocin zuciya na yara a Ghana.  

## Kyaututtuka
Ta lashe wasu kyaututtuka da yawa wadanda suka hada da:

* 2017 - Kyaututtukan Masu Zaɓar Mutane
* 2017 - An karrama HELEH Afirka People's Choice Practitioners

## Manazarta
Constance Margaret Eardley

**Constance Margaret Eardley** (6 ga Satumba 1910 - 15 ga Mayu 1978) ta kasance masanin ilimin tsire-tsire na Australiya, malami da kuma mai kula da su. Ita ce mace ta farko da aka nada a Majalisar Royal Society of South Australia.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Constance Margaret Eardley a Fullarton, Kudancin Australia a ranar 6 ga Satumba 1910. Mahaifiyarta masanin tarihi ce kuma mahaifinta, Frederick William Eardley (1874-1958), masanin lissafi ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai rajista a Jami'ar Adelaide. Ta kammala karatun sakandare a Walford Anglican School for Girls, inda ta sami girmamawa a takardar shaidar barin. Daga baya ta kasance shugabar kungiyar tsofaffi.

## Ayyuka
Eardley ya yi aiki a Cibiyar Nazarin Aikin Gona ta Waite (yanzu wani ɓangare na Jami'ar Adelaide) a matsayin mai kula da herbarium daga 1933 zuwa 1949. Yayinda take can, manufarta ita ce tattara da kuma gano dukkan tsire-tsire na Kudancin Australia. Ayyukanta sun haɗa da gano tsire-tsire da ƙayyade guba ga dabbobi. A shekara ta 1943 an nada ta a matsayin malami a fannin ilimin tsire-tsire a Jami'ar Adelaide kuma an inganta ta zuwa babban malami daga 1966 zuwa 1971. Ta yi aiki a matsayin edita na Australasian Herbarium News na shekaru da yawa daga farkonta a 1947. An kafa mujallar ne don raba binciken masu binciken lissafi a Ostiraliya da New Zealand.

## Mutuwa da gado
Eardley ya mu

tu a ranar 15 ga Mayu 1978 a Fullarton, Kudancin Australia . Bayan mutuwarta, an kafa Asusun Tunawa da Constance Margaret Eardley kuma an kaddamar da lambar yabo ta shekara-shekara ga ɗaliban digiri na farko "ɗaliban da ya sami mafi girman maki a cikin darussan Level II a kimiyyar shuka a Kwalejin Kimiyya".

Gidan ajiyar Constance Eardley, wanda ke kan tashar Quondong a Kudancin Ostiraliya, an sanya masa suna ne don girmama ta,  kamar yadda shuke-shuke *Atriplex eardleyae*  da Solanum eardlepare.

## Manazarta
Haytham Ali Tabatabai

**Haytham Ali Tabatabai** (Larabci: هيثم علي طبطبائي, kuma aka fi sani da Abu Ali Tabatabai; 5 Nuwamba 1968 - 23 Nuwamba 2025) ɗan gwagwarmayar Lebanon ne wanda ya kasance babban kwamanda a Hezbollah. Rahotanni sun ce, ya kasance babban jigo a kungiyar Hizbullah ta Unit 3800,wadda ke da hannu a ayyukan Hizbullah a kasashe irin su Syria, Yemen, da Iraki. A baya ya taba zama kwamandan rundunar Radwan, bangaren dakaru na musamman na Hizbullah

A ranar 26 ga Oktoba, 2016, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta ayyana shi a matsayin Zaɓaɓɓen Ta'addancin Duniya na Musamman.

An kashe Tabatabai a wani hari ta sama da Isra'ila ta kai a ranar 23 ga Nuwamba 2025.
## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Tabatabai a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba 1968 a Beirut ga mahaifin Iran da uwa 'yar Lebanon. Ya shiga kungiyar Hizbullah a shekarun 1980, a cewar rundunar tsaron Isra'ila, a matsayin wani bangare na "tsara na biyu" na mayaka. Hezbollah ya ce tun a shekarun 1990 ne ya shiga ayyukan soji, inda ya gudanar da "ayyuka na musamman" kan HKI a lokacin mamayar kudancin Lebanon a shekarun 1993 da 1996, mai yiwuwa yana magana ne kan aikin da Isra'ila ke yi na ba da amsa da aikin inabin fushi.

Ya jagoranci ayyukan Hizbullah a Nabatieh tsakanin shekarar 1996 zuwa 2000, kuma shi ne kwamandan farmakin da kungiyar ta kai a watan Oktoban shekarar 2000 a kan iyakar Isra'ila wanda ya yi sanadin kame tare da kashe sojoji uku. A cewar kungiyar Hizbullah, ya jagoranci yankin Khiam ne tsakanin shekara ta 2000 zuwa 2008, inda ya jagoranci ayyukan kungiyar a yankin a yakin Lebanon na 2006. Bayan kashe Imad Mughniyeh, an nada shi shugaban yajin aikin Hizbullah, wanda daga baya ya zama rundunar Radwan Ya kuma kula da dakarun musamman na Hizbullah a Yaman. Bayan barkewar yakin basasar Syria, ya kasance babban kwamanda a yakin da kungiyar Hizbullah ta ke yi da kungiyar IS da kungiyar Al-Nusra a gabashin kan iyakar kasar Lebanon. An ba da rahoton cewa an kai harin ne a watan Janairun 2015 da Isra’ila ta kai hari a lardin Quneitra wanda ya kashe Jihad Mughniyah.
##### MANAZARTA
Peter D. Easton

**Peter D. Easton** shi ne Farfesa na Notre Dame Alumni na Accountancy da Daraktan Ilimi na Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi da Ilimi a Jami'ar Notre Dame. 

Easton ya kasance gwani mai shaida a cikin shari'ar Amurka v. Bankman-Fried.

## Bayanan littattafai

* *Asusun Kudi da Gudanarwa don MBAs*
* *Kayan aiki na MBA na al'ada (SMU) *
* *Lissafin kuɗi don MBAs*
* *Daraja ta Amfani da Bayanan Kudi*

## Manazarta
Suzanne Edgar

**Suzanne** **Edgar** (an haife ta a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1939) mawaki ce ta Australiya, marubuciyar gajeren labari kuma masanin tarihi.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Suzanne Edgar a Glenelg, Kudancin Australia a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1939. Ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Malamai ta Adelaide da Jami'ar Adelaide, ta kammala karatu tare da BA (hons).  Ta sadu da Peter Edgar a shekara ta farko a jami'a kuma sun yi aure a 1961.

Bayan ya koma Canberra, littafin Australian Dictionary of Biography ya yi amfani da Edgar a matsayin editan binciken su na Kudancin Australia. Yayinda take aiki a can daga 1969 zuwa 1998, ta ba da gudummawa ga tarihin mutane 55, daga firaministan namiji zuwa direban bas mace. A lokaci guda, Edgar ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a Jami'ar Kasa ta Australiya, yana ba da lacca a cikin adabi. Ta kuma rubuta littafi da sake dubawa na fim.

Edgar ya kasance memba na "Canberra Bakwai" ko "Masu rubutun Bakwai na Canberra" tare da Marion Halligan, Dorothy Johnston, Margaret Barbalet, Sara Dowse, Marian Eldridge da Dorothy Horsfield . Sun haɗu a kai a kai don sukar rubuce-rubucen juna. A cikin 1988 an haɗa hudu daga cikin gajerun labaranta a cikin Canberra Tales: Stories, wanda kungiyar ta buga a shekarar 1988.

Edgar ta wallafa littafinta na farko, Counting Backwards and Other Stories, a cikin 1991. An ƙaddamar da shi don kyautar Steele Rudd a shekarar 1992.  Tun daga wannan lokacin ta rubuta littattafai huɗu na shayari kuma ta ba da gudummawar shayari da labaru ga mujallu irin su *Quadrant*.

## Manazarta
Rob Kerin

**Robert Gerard Kerin** (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1954) tsohon dan siyasar Kudancin Australia ne wanda ya kasance Firayim Minista na Kudancin Ostiraliya daga 22 ga Oktoba 2001 zuwa 5 ga Maris 2002, yana wakiltar Kudancin Kudancin Australiya na Jam'iyyar Liberal ta Ostiraliya. Ya kuma kasance Mataimakin Firayim Minista na Kudancin Australia daga 7 ga Yuli 1998 har zuwa lokacin da ya zama Firayim Ministan kuma, bayan ya rasa gwamnati, shugaban 'yan adawa har zuwa bayan Zaben 2006.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haife shi ga iyaye Maurice da Molly Kerin a Crystal Brook, Kerin ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Katolika ta Adelaide, Kwalejin Sacred Heart Senior.

## Majalisar dokoki
An zabi Kerin a majalisa a 1993 a matsayin memba na gundumar karkara ta tsakiya ta Frome. Tsakanin 1995 da 2001 ya rike ma'aikatu daban-daban a cikin gwamnatocin Brown da Olsen: Masana'antu na Farko, albarkatun kasa da ci gaban yanki, ma'adanai da makamashi, ci gaban jiha, yawon bude ido da kuma al'amuran al'adu. Bayan murabus din Mataimakin Firayim Minista Graham Ingerson a shekarar 1998, Kerin ya gaje shi.

### Na farko
An tilasta wa Olsen ya yi murabus daga firaministan bayan ya yaudarar majalisa wanda za a san shi da batun Motorola. Kerin ya kayar da tsohon Firayim Minista Dean Brown ya zama shugaban Liberal da Firayim Ministan. An ba Brown matsayin mataimakin Firayim Minista.

Kerin ya hau mulki kasa da watanni shida kafin zaben 2002. A wannan zaben, Labor ta Aiki kujeru biyu daga Liberal, kujerar daya ba ta da nasara. Sakamakon ya kasance wani majalisa mai ratayewa. Duk da yake Labor yanzu ba ta da kujerar da ta fi rinjaye kamar yadda ta saba da Liberal yanzu kujerun da ba su da rinjaye, Liberal sun lashe kashi 50.9 cikin 100 na kuri'un jam'iyyun biyu. Daidaitawar iko ta kasance tare da masu ra'ayin mazan jiya guda huɗu - ɗaya na ƙasa da uku masu zaman kansu. Da farko ana sa ran su goyi bayan 'yan Liberals, suna ba da damar Kerin ya zauna a ofis tare da gwamnatin' yan tsiraru.

Koyaya, a cikin wani yunkuri mai ban mamaki, Peter Lewis, wanda tun lokacin da aka zaba shi a matsayin mai zaman kansa bayan an kore shi daga 'yan Liberals a shekara ta 2000, ya sanar da cewa shi da' yan uwansa za su goyi bayan ALP da shugabansu Mike Rann don kafa gwamnatin 'yan tsiraru; a mayar da martani, Lewis da kansa yana so a sanya shi Kakakin Majalisar. Lokacin da Kerin ya koyi wannan, ya yi jayayya cewa 'yan Liberals har yanzu suna da izinin yin mulki tunda sun sami rinjaye a cikin kuri'un jam'iyyun biyu. Ya yi niyyar ci gaba da aiki sai dai idan Rann ya nuna cewa yana da mafi rinjaye a filin Majalisar. A kan takarda, Kerin yana cikin haƙƙinsa na ɗaukar wannan mataki; taron a cikin tsarin Westminster ya ba ministan farko na farko damar kafa gwamnati lokacin da babu wata jam'iyya da ke da rinjaye.

Makonni uku na rikice-rikicen siyasa ya ƙare a ranar 5 ga Maris. A buƙatar Kerin, an kira Majalisar zuwa zaman kafin yadda ya saba bayan zabe. Tare da Lewis a cikin kujerar mai magana, Kerin ya gabatar da amincewa da gwamnatinsa. An kayar da motsi, ya bar Kerin ba tare da wani zaɓi ba sai dai ya yi murabus don goyon bayan Rann.

## Manazarta
Hanyar Kogin, Babban Moncton

**Hanyar Kogin Tafiya** hanya ce mai amfani da yawa a Greater Moncton, tare da bakin Kogin Petitcodiac . Hanyar ta ƙunshi ɓangaren Moncton na Hanyar Trans Canada, tana ratsawa ta wurin shakatawa na Riverfront Park na birnin, kuma ta haɗu zuwa al'ummomin da ke makwabtaka da Riverview da Dieppe .  Wuraren da suka fi jan hankali sun haɗa da Bore View Park, Settlers Green, wurin shakatawa na skateboard, Hal Betts Memorial Sportsplex da Treitz Haus . 

Ana amfani da hanyar, tare da titunan Moncton da dama, kowace shekara don Legs For Literacy, tseren cancantar shiga gasar Marathon ta Boston wanda kuma ke nuna rabin marathon, 10km, da 5km. 

## Manazarta
Kanal ta hanyar tuki

**Kanar By Drive** ( French    ) shine dogon titin shakatawa mai ban sha'awa a Ottawa, Ontario, Kanada.

## Bayanin hanya
Titin ajiye motoci yana tafiya tare da Rideau Canal daga ƙarshen Sussex Drive a Titin Rideau . Daga nan sai ya ci gaba zuwa  kudu da yamma zuwa Hog's Back Road, yana ratsawa ta cikin wurare da dama na zama kuma yana wucewa ta Dow's Lake da Jami'ar Carleton . A arewa, hanyar ta ratsa Hedikwatar Ma'aikatar Tsaron Ƙasa, Cibiyar Taron Ottawa da Otal ɗin Westin kafin ta ƙare a Titin Rideau . Ana iya shiga ƙofar baya ta Majalisar Dattawan Kanada daga titin, bayan ta wuce ƙarƙashin Gadar Mackenzie King.

## Tarihi
An sanya masa suna ne saboda Laftanar-Kanar John By, wanda ya kula da aikin gina Rideau Magudanar Ruwa. Hanyar mai layi biyu mai lanƙwasa tana da iyakar gudu na  tsawonsa duka, har zuwa shekarar 2022, an rage saurin daga Bronson Avenue zuwa Daly Avenue zuwa 40 km/h (25 mph). 

Tsawon shekaru da dama yankin gabashin magudanar ruwa yana riƙe da manyan layukan dogo na Ottawa waɗanda ke haɗawa da Tashar Ottawa Union kusa da ƙarshen arewacin magudanar ruwa. A shekarar 1966, an mayar da ayyukan layin dogo zuwa sabon Tashar Ottawa kimanin  kudu maso gabas a wani yanki na masana'antu a gabashin birnin a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin sabunta birane, wanda ya bar yankin da ke gefen gabashin magudanar ruwa a buɗe don ci gaba. An gina wani ɓangare na Kanar By Drive a kan wannan sabuwar hanyar jirgin ƙasa mai sauƙi.  Sarauniya Elizabeth Driveway, wani kyakkyawan hanyar shakatawa ta Kanada, ya riga ya yi aiki iri ɗaya a ɗayan gefen magudanar ruwa.

A tarihi, kamar sauran hanyoyin mota na Hukumar Babban Birnin Tarayya, Kanar By Drive yana rufewa lokaci-lokaci ga zirga-zirgar ababen hawa kuma an keɓe shi don amfani da sufuri mai aiki. A cikin 2021, an rufe hanyar da ke tsakanin Canal Woods Terrace da Daly Avenue daga 2 ga Yuli zuwa 6 ga Satumba saboda wannan dalili.  Duk da haka, har zuwa 2024, Colonel By Drive ba ya cikin wannan shirin sufuri mai aiki. 

## Manazarta
Airparif

**AIRPARIF** ƙungiya ce da ke da alhakin sa ido kan ingancin iska a cikin haɗakar jiragen ruwa a Paris . Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta amince da AIRPARIF a shekarar 1979 don sa ido kan ingancin iska a duk faɗin Ile-de-France, Paris, Faransa.

## Ofishin Jakadanci

A cewar Dokar Jiragen Sama ta ranar 30 ga Disamba, 1996, AIRPARIF ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta da Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta amince da ita don sa ido kan ingancin iska a Île-de-France . Ayyukanta sun cika ƙa'idodin ƙa'ida kuma suna zuwa cikin ayyuka huɗu:

* don sa ido kan ingancin iska
* don hasashen abubuwan da suka faru na gurɓatawa
* don tantance tasirin matakan rage hayaki mai gurbata muhalli
* don sanar da hukumomi da 'yan ƙasa (kowace rana yayin wani abu)

AIRPARIF yana ci gaba da sa ido kan ingancin iska kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga kimanta haɗarin lafiya da tasirin muhalli. 

## Manazarta
Meg Lemon

**Meg Lemon** (an haife ta a 5 ga Oktoba 1989) 'yar wasan keke ce ta Australiya. Ta wakilci Ostiraliya a Wasannin Paralympics na bazara na 2024 inda ta lashe lambar tagulla  da kuma wasannin Paralympic na bazara na 2024, inda ta lashe lambobin azurfa.

## Na Mutum
An haifi Lemon a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 1989.  Ta halarci Kwalejin Zuciya Mai Tsarki a Adelaide, Kudancin Australia . Lemon yana da digiri na farko, Nutrition and Dietetics daga Jami'ar Flinders kuma yana aiki a matsayin masanin abinci na wasanni. Lemon ta sami rauni a kwakwalwa lokacin da mota ta buge ta yayin da take tafiya zuwa aiki kuma ta bar ta da rauni a gefen dama na jikinta.

## Gudun keke
Lemon an rarraba shi a matsayin mai tuka keke na C4. A karon farko na kasa da kasa a gasar zakarun duniya ta UCI ta 2017 a Los Angeles, Amurka, ta kammala ta huɗu a tseren C4-C5 Scratch na mata.

A watan Satumbar 2017, a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta UCI ta 2017, Pietermaritzburg, Afirka ta Kudu, Lemon ta lashe lambobin tagulla a Gasar Gasar Mata ta C4 da Gasar Gidan Mata ta C4. A gasar zakarun duniya ta UCI ta 2018 a Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, ta lashe lambar tagulla a gasar C4 kuma ta kasance ta tara a gasar C-4 ta mata da C4-5 da C4 na mata 500. A gasar zakarun duniya ta UCI ta 2018 Para-cycling Road, Maniago, Italiya ta lashe lambar tagulla a Gwaji na Mata C4 kuma ta kammala ta huɗu a Gasar Mata ta C4.

A gasar zakarun duniya ta UCI ta 2019 a Apeldoorn, Netherlands, ta lashe lambar azurfa a tseren mata na C4 da lambar tagulla a tseren mace na C4.

A Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta UCI ta 2019 a Emmen, Netherlands, ta lashe lambobin tagulla a Gasar Ciniki ta Mata C4 da Gasar Cin Hanci C4.

A gasar zakarun duniya ta UCI ta 2020 a Milton, Ontario, ta lashe lambar azurfa a gasar C4 ta mata.

A Wasannin Paralympics na Tokyo na 2020, Lemon ta lashe lambar tagulla a Gwaji na Mata na C4 tare da lokaci na 41:14.42 kuma ta kammala ta huɗu a Gasar Mata ta C4, ta tara tare da Amanda Reid da Gordon Allan a cikin Mixed Team Sprint C1-5 kuma ta takwas a Gasar Matasa ta C4-5 . [1]

Lemon ta lashe lambar azurfa a tseren mata na C4 a gasar zakarun duniya ta UCI ta 2022 a Baie-Comeau.

A gasar zakarun duniya ta UCI ta 2022 a Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Faransa, ta lashe lambobin tagulla guda biyu - Women's Pursuit C4 da Women's Scratch Race C4. 

A Wasannin Paralympics na bazara na 2024 a birnin Paris, ta lashe azurfa a Gwaji na Mata na C4. Ta kammala ta shida a tseren mata na C4 kuma ta goma sha biyu a tseren C4-5.

A Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta UCI ta 2025 a Ronse, ta lashe lambobin tagulla a Gasar Ciniki ta Mata C4 da Gasar Cinikin Mata C4.

Lemon ta gudanar da 'yan wasa a Cibiyar Nazarin Wasanni ta Kudancin Australia.

## Manazarta
Kungiyar Kare Yanayi ta Japan

The Nature Conservation Society of Japan NGO ce ta Japan wanda aka kafa a 1951, memba ne na kungiyar Nahiyar kasa da kasa . yana aiki a matsayin mai gudanarwa na Japan.   Al'ummar ta samo asali ne daga Oze Marsh Conservation Union , wacce aka kafa a 1949 don kalubalantar shirin gina tashar samar da wutar lantarki a cikin Oze Marshes ; Shekaru biyu bayan haka, bayan da ta shirya koke don magance matsalar hakar ma'adinan sulfur a Dutsen Meakan a Hokkaidō, kungiyar ta sake fasalin matsayin kungiyar kare dabi'a ta farko a kasar.   Sabbin tsare-tsare sun haɗa da haɓaka tsarin sa ido *[[Satoyama|na satoyama]]* wanda 'yan ƙasa ke jagoranta. 

## Duba kuma

* Oze National Park
* Yankunan Kare Namun Daji a Japan
* Ƙungiyar Tsuntsayen Daji ta Japan

## Manazarta
Lauren Edwards

**Lauren Rae Edwards** 'yar siyasar Jam'iyyar Labour Party ce ta Australiya wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na majalisar dokokin Rochester da Strood tun daga shekara ta 2024.

## Rayuwa ta farko da aiki
An haifi Edwards a Altona, Melbourne, Ostiraliya, kuma ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Adelaide kafin ta koma Burtaniya a shekara ta 2005 don yin karatu don digiri na biyu a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London. Lauren ta ambaci "finkiri da fata" da ke faruwa a Burtaniya a farkon shekarun 2000 - wanda ke nuna yanayin al'adu da siyasa wanda New Labour, Britpop, da kuma 'Cool Britannia' suka tsara - a matsayin babban abin da ya sa ta yanke shawarar komawa Burtaniya.

Edwards ta yi aiki a matsayin mai bincike a majalisa ga 'yan majalisa da yawa ciki har da Barbara Keeley, Teresa Pearce da Lisa Nandy daga 2008 zuwa 2013.  A wannan lokacin ta kasance Jami'in Siyasa na Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Majalisar Tarayya. Daga 2013 zuwa 2016 ta yi aiki a matsayin mai bincike a sashen gidan waya na Kungiyar Ma'aikatan Sadarwa . 

## Political career
A cikin 2021, an zabi Edwards a Majalisar Medway a cikin wani zabe daga yankin Rochester East.  Ta kasance memba na majalisa don sake farfado da tattalin arziki da zamantakewa da saka hannun jari na ciki.

A shekara ta 2024, ta kayar da dan majalisa mai ra'ayin mazan jiya Kelly Tolhurst don samun Rochester da Strood .

A ranar 8 ga watan Agustan 2024, Edwards ta ba da gafara a kan Twitter biyo bayan fitowar tweets da ta rubuta tsakanin 2009 da 2011 inda ta yi amfani da harshe mai banƙyama, wanda *[[The Guardian]]* ya bayyana a matsayin "jerin tweets na 'raci', yana mai cewa "babban kuskuren hukunci ne". 

A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2024, Edwards ya kada kuri'a don amincewa da Dokar Matasa Masu Rashin Rashin Riki (End of Life), wanda ke ba da shawarar ba da izini ga taimakon kashe kansa. A cikin wata sanarwa da ta biyo bayan Karatu na Uku, Edwards ya ce: "Na yi imanin wannan Bill yana daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci, tausayi, da kuma karfafa canje-canje ga kiwon lafiya da muka gani a cikin ƙarni. Ina so in bayyana: wannan Bill game da zabi ne. Wannan zaɓi ba ya maye gurbin hospice ko kulawa mai laushi." 

Kafin Karatun Na Biyu na Dokar Biyan Kudin Duniya da Dokar Biyancin Kai, Edwards ya sanya hannu kan gyare-gyare mai ma'ana da ke adawa da dokar. Ta nuna damuwa game da canje-canjen da aka gabatar ga cancantar biyan 'yancin kai (PIP), tana mai bayyana cewa ba za ta iya tallafawa lissafin a cikin asalinsa ba saboda tasirin fa'idodin fasfo kamar su Carer's Allowance.

## Manazarta
Cibiyar Nazarin Biodiversity ta ASEAN

**Cibiyar Nazarin Bambancin Halittu ta ASEAN** ( **ACB** ) cibiya ce ta musamman ta gwamnatocin da ke da alaƙa da juna wadda ke sauƙaƙa haɗin gwiwa da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin membobin ASEAN, da kuma gwamnatocin ƙasashe masu dacewa, ƙungiyoyi na yanki da na duniya kan kiyayewa da kuma amfani da bambancin halittu mai ɗorewa. An amince da ita a matsayin shiri na farko na yanki don ceton bambancin halittu masu wadata amma masu matuƙar barazana ga ASEAN, kuma ci gaba ne na Cibiyar Kula da Bambancin Halittu ta ASEAN (ARCBC), wanda aikin haɗin gwiwa ne na ASEAN da Tarayyar Turai (EU), kuma Ma'aikatar Muhalli da Albarkatun Halitta ta Philippines ta ɗauki nauyinsa. Babbar Daraktar Cibiyar Nazarin Bambancin Halittu ta ASEAN ita ce Dr. Theresa Mundita S Lim.

## Tallafin Kuɗi
Daga 1999 zuwa 2004, ARCBC ta yi nasarar kafa gadar da ta haɓaka haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi tsakanin ƙasashen membobin ASEAN (AMS) da kuma tsakanin cibiyoyin haɗin gwiwa na ASEAN da EU, kuma ta sami karɓuwa a fagen yanki da na duniya game da bambancin halittu. Shekara guda bayan haka a 2005, ASEAN da EU sun amince su kafa Cibiyar Rarrabuwar Halittu ta ASEAN don ci gaba da aikin aikin ARCBC da aka kammala.

Yarjejeniyar Kuɗi da aka sanya wa hannu tsakanin EU da ASEAN ta samar da kuɗaɗen da ake buƙata don kafa ACB. An kafa cibiyar ne musamman don sauƙaƙe haɗin kai da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin AMS kan amfani mai ɗorewa da kiyaye bambancin halittu. Ministocin Muhalli na Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Singapore da Vietnam ne suka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar kafa cibiyar a madadin gwamnatocinsu.

Cibiyar Rarraban Halittu ta Ƙasa tana wakiltar Singapore a Cibiyar Rarraban Halittu ta ASEAN kuma ita ce hukumar ƙasa da ke da hannu a kiyaye bambancin halittu da bincike a Singapore.

## Ƙaddamarwa
An ƙaddamar da ACB a taron ministocin ASEAN na 9 na Informal ASEAN a ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2005. Yarjejeniyar ta kuma kafa Asusun Rarraban Halittu na ASEAN tare da gudummawar da AMS, wasu gwamnatoci da ƙungiyoyi suka bayar kamar yadda Hukumar Gudanarwa ta amince da su. Za a yi amfani da Asusun don biyan kuɗin cibiyar da kuma shirye-shiryenta daban-daban. Shugaba Gloria Macapagal Arroyo ta ba da shawarar ga majalisar dattawa ta amince da Yarjejeniyar Ƙasa Mai Martaba (HCA) tsakanin Gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Philippines da Cibiyar Rarraban Halittu ta ASEAN. An sanya hannu a ranar 8 ga Agusta, 2006 a Manila, HCA ta tanadar da cewa Philippines za ta zama Ƙasar Mai Martaba ga ACB wadda a halin yanzu take da hedikwata a Jami'ar Philippines da ke Los Baños, Laguna .

Idan majalisar dattawa ta amince da hakan, gwamnatin Philippines za ta ba ACB da ma'aikatanta kariyar kariya da gata daga baya. Ma'aikatar Muhalli da Albarkatun Ƙasa, Ma'aikatar Kuɗi, Ofishin Shige da Fice, Ma'aikatar Sufuri da Sadarwa (DOTC), Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, da Jami'ar Philippines Los Baños sun amince da amincewa da HCA.

## Manazarta
Anthony Lehmann

**Anthony Lehmann** (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1969), wanda aka fi sani da **Lehmo**,  ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Australiya, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, mai gabatar da talabijin da rediyo.

## Ayyuka
An haife shi a Peebinga, Kudancin Australia, Lehmann ya fara aiki a matsayin mai ba da lissafi kafin ya fahimci cewa ba ya son lissafi kuma ya yanke shawarar gwada wasan kwaikwayo. Daga baya ya shiga Gold 104.3 a Melbourne tare da Brigitte Duclos yana yin Morning Show "Brig & Lehmo". Lokacin da aka kori Duclos, Jo Stanley ya shiga sannan aka kafa "Jo & Lehmo". Shekaru da yawa an zabe su mafi kyawun gidan rediyo a Melbourne.

### Tsaya tsaye
Lehmann yana daya daga cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo masu gogewa da kuma tafiye-tafiye masu kyau a Ostiraliya. Ayyukansa na rayuwa sun gan shi a matsayin jigon kulob din wasan kwaikwayo sama da shekaru goma sha biyar kuma yana aiki a duk sassan duniya - Amurka, Burtaniya, Ireland, Afirka ta Kudu, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong da Thailand.

Lehmann ya kuma zama na farko na Ostiraliya 'yaƙi mai ban dariya', bayan ya kammala 'tafiye-tafiye na aiki' guda bakwai don yin wa sojojin Ostiraliya a kasashen waje. Wadannan yawon shakatawa sun ga Lehmann ya yi aiki a sansanonin sojoji a Gabashin Timor, Iraki, Kuwait, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, Afghanistan, Masar, Qatar da kuma jiragen ruwa da yawa a duniya.

Ya kuma yi wasanni na sayar da kayayyaki a Bikin Adelaide Fringe (2000, 2002 da 2004), bikin Melbourne International Comedy (1999, 2002, 2003, 2004 da 2005) da kuma Bikin Edinburgh Fringe (1996 da 1997).

His live credits in the UK include the 1996 and 1997 Edinburgh Fringe Festivals, The Comedy Store, London and Jongleurs – the largest chain of comedy clubs in Britain.&#x5B;**&#x5D; Lehmann has also performed regular gigs at the Boston Comedy Club and Gotham Comedy Club, both in New York City.

Nunin sa ya haɗa da, "War, Marriage & Puppy Love" - game da yaƙi, aure da ƙaunar kare, "The Family Lifeboat" - game le kewaya rayuwa a matsayin sabon uba, da kuma "Younger Than Brad Pitt" - game Da Lehmann ya yarda cewa ba shi da shekaru 21 kuma lokaci yana tafiya.

Bukatar ƙasashen waje don Lehmann ya gan shi ya bayyana a gidan talabijin na BBC na Ingila kuma a matsayin mai halarta na yau da kullun a gidan talabinjin na Burtaniya mafi tsawo Stand up Show. Lehmann ya kuma buga kansa a cikin jerin tallace-tallace na giya na XXXX  wanda aka harbe shi a Indiya kuma aka nuna shi a Burtaniya.

A cikin 2021, Lehmann ya zargi RuPaul's Drag Race Down Under mai hamayya Anita Wigl'it da satar daya daga cikin ban dariya game da Yarima Andrew yayin bayyanarta a matsayin Elizabeth II a cikin ƙalubalen Snatch Game. Lehmann ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya fara fashewa da ba'a a watan Agustan 2020 kuma cewa "ba'a ta yanzu ta tafi duniya ba tare da ni ba. " Wigl'it daga baya ta ba da gafara a kan Instagram, tana cewa ""Oh a'a! Ina neman gafara!! Lokacin da nake yin bincike ga halin Sarauniya na san cewa akwai wani abu mai ban dariya game da wasikar rubutun[...]Abokai sun ba da shawarar rubutun. Sun fito sun ji shi a wani wuri!" [1]

## Manazarta
Nerida Ellerton

**Nerida Fay Ellerton** (née Gersch, an haife ta a shekara ta 1942) Malamin lissafi ce ta Australiya kuma masanin tarihin lissafi. Ita farfesa ce a fannin ilimin lissafi a Jami'ar Jihar Illinois. Kazalika da nazarin halin yanzu na ilimin lissafi, ita da mijinta McKenzie A. (Ken) Clements sun bincika tarihin ilimin lissafi. A cikin aiwatar da gano takardun makaranta a cikin Laburaren Harvard waɗanda ke daga cikin tsofaffin rubuce-rubucen da aka sani na Ibrahim Lincoln.

## Ilimi da aiki
An haifi Ellerton a shekara ta 1942;  mahaifinta malamin makaranta ne a wata karamar makaranta a cikin Australiya. Ta kammala Ph.D. a cikin ilmin sunadarai na jiki da inorganic a 1966, a Jami'ar Adelaide; rubutun ta shine The interaction of aminoacridines and aminobenzacridines with DNA.

A cikin shekarun 1980 ta yi aiki a ilimin lissafi a Jami'ar Deakin .  Ta kasance darakta na Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Lissafi ta Kasa daga 1992 zuwa 1993, a matsayin farfesa a fannin ilimin lissafi a Jami'ar Edith Cowan daga 1993 zuwa 1997, kuma a matsayin farfajiyar da kuma dean na ilimin lissafi A Jami'ar Kudancin Queensland daga 1997 zuwa 2002. Yayinda take Jami'ar Edith Cowan, ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin edita na Jaridar Nazarin Ilimi ta Lissafi.

Mijinta na farko ya mutu a shekara ta 2001, kuma Ellerton ya koma Jami'ar Jihar Illinois a shekara ta 2002. A shekara ta 2005, ta auri Clements, wani malamin lissafi na Australiya kuma abokin aiki na dogon lokaci; ya koma Jihar Illinois don shiga tare da ita.

## Littattafai

* Lissafi na Makarantar: Ƙalubalen Canji (an shirya shi tare da M. A. Ken Clements, UNSW Press, 1989) 
* The National Curriculum Debacle (tare da M. A. Ken Clements, Meridian Press, 1994) 
* Binciken Ilimi na Lissafi: Na baya, Yanzu, da Makomar (tare da M. A. Ken Clements, UNESCO, 1996) 
* Sake rubutawa da Tarihin Lissafin Makaranta a Arewacin Amurka, 1607-1861: Matsayin Tsakiya na Littattafan Cyphering (tare da M. A. Ken Clements, Springer, 2012) 
* *Littafin Cyphering na Ibrahim Lincoln da wasu Littattafai Goma na Musamman* (tare da M. A. Ken Clements, Springer, 2014) 
* *Thomas Jefferson da Decimals 1775-1810: Shekaru da aka yi watsi da su a Tarihin Lissafin Makarantar Amurka* (tare da M. A. Ken Clements, Springer, 2015) 
* Matsalolin Lissafi: Daga Bincike zuwa Ayyuka masu inganci (an shirya shi tare da Florence Mihaela Singer da Jinfa Cai, Springer, 2015) 
* Samuel Pepys, Isaac Newton, James Hodgson, da kuma Farawar Lissafi na Makarantar Sakandare: Tarihin Makarantar Lissafi ta Royal A cikin Asibitin Kristi, London 1673-1868 (tare da M. A. Ken Clements, Springer, 2017) 
* *Amfani da Binciken Zane da Tarihi don magance Matsalar Muhimmanci tare da Algebra na Makaranta* (tare da MA Ken Clements da Sinan Kanbir, Springer, 2017)

## Manazarta
Andrew Mackie

**Andrew John Mackie** (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1984) tsohon kwararren dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na Australiya wanda ya buga wa Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Geelong a gasar kwallon kafa ta Australiya (AFL).

## Rayuwa ta farko
Mackie an dauke shi ne daga Kwalejin Zuciya Mai Tsarki da kulob din Glenelg na Kudancin Australia (SANFL) ta Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Geelong tare da zabin na 7 a cikin shirin AFL na 2002. An yi la'akari da zaɓin mamaki, saboda ba a san shi sosai a lokacin ba, ba tare da ya shiga sansanin NAB AFL ba.

Bayan ya kwashe kakar 2003 ta AFL a cikin ajiyar Geelong ya ci gaba da bunkasa wasansa, Mackie ya fara buga wasan farko a shekara ta 2004, kuma ya karbi Rising Star Nomination don wasan da ya ci uku. Duk da ya taka leda a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya na Glenelg, Geelong ya yi ƙoƙari ya juya Mackie ya zama babban mai gaba don cika wani wuri mai tsawo, tare da sakamako mai rikitarwa.

## Ayyukan AFL
A cikin kakar 2007 Mackie ya fara nuna babban ci gaba a wasan sa kuma yana daya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasa ga hauhawar Geelong zuwa saman. Mackie ya fara wasa a matsayin mai tsaron gida, wanda ya zira kwallaye hudu mafi kyau a kan Richmond a zagaye na 6 a daya daga cikin wasansa na farko, kuma ya buga wani babban wasa a zagaye ya 11 2007 lokacin da ya buga wasan farko da ya yi da Adelaide a Filin wasa na AAMI. Ya yi nasara 26 ya taimaka wa Geelong zuwa gagarumin nasara kuma ya sake buga wa Adelaide wasa a zagaye na 19. Ya ci gaba da kasancewa mai ƙarfi a sauran kakar kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Geelong ta samu a karshe a kan Collingwood. Mackie ya kasance babban dan wasa a cikin tawagar firaministan 2007, ya shirya wasa ga Cats kuma ya zira kwallaye. Mackie ya buga wasan sa na 280 kuma na karshe a wasan karshe na 2017, inda ya tattara 19 da kuma alamomi 5 a cikin asarar maki 61 ga Adelaide.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
A shekara ta 2005, wani abin da ya faru da daddare da ya shafi Mackie, abokin aikinsa na kulob din Steve Johnson da 'yan sanda ya ba da rahoton kafofin watsa labarai. A lokacin da suke murna da ranar haihuwar Mackie ta 21, Mackie da Johnson sun shiga cikin tattaunawa mai zafi tare da 'yan sanda na gida yayin da suke jiran taksi da sassafe. 'Yan sanda sun zargi Mackie da Johnson da maye a wurin jama'a, kuma sun mayar da su zuwa ofishin' yan sanda na Geelong. An saki Mackie bayan an ɗora tuhumar, yayin da aka tsare Johnson har tsawon sa'o'i hudu.[1]

Shi wani bangare ne na mai tseren doki tare da tsohon abokin aiki Brad Ottens. 

An tsara dan uwan Mackie, Liam Mackie, zuwa Collingwood a cikin Shirin Rookie na 2017. An cire shi a ƙarshen kakar 2017 ba tare da ya buga wasa ba, kuma daga baya ya shiga Box Hill a cikin Victoria Football League (VFL). Ya zuwa 2024, shi ne kyaftin din Arewacin Bullants.

## Manazarta