Aikin 1619

**Aikin 1619** (*The 1619 Project*) wani shiri ne da jaridar *The New York Times Magazine* ta ƙaddamar a shekara ta 2019, wanda yake kokarin sake duba tarihin Amurka da kuma nuna cewa asalin tarihin ƙasar ya kamata a fara daga shekarar 1619, lokacin da bayi na farko daga Afirka suka iso ƙasar. Aikin yana da nufin bayyana yadda bautar bayi da wariyar launin fata suka ginu a cikin ginshiƙin tsarin Amurka, daga tattalin arziki, siyasa, har zuwa al'adu. 

## Asalin Aikin
Aikin 1619 ya fara ne a cikin watan Agusta na shekara ta 2019, don cika shekaru 400 da zuwan bayi na farko daga Afirka zuwa ƙasar Ingila da ta mamaye wani ɓangaren da yanzu ake kira Amurka, musamman a wani wuri da ake kira Point Comfort, wanda yanzu ke cikin jihar Virginia.

Wannan aikin ya kasance ƙarƙashin jagorancin Nikole Hannah-Jones, wata fitacciyar ɗan jarida kuma marubuciya a New York Times Magazine. Aikin ya ƙunshi jerin labarai, bayanai, shahararrun makaloli, kasidu, da rubuce-rubuce na adabi da waƙoƙi da aka wallafa domin haskaka rawar da bautar bayi ta taka wajen kafa Amurka.

## Manufofi da Dalilai
Babban manufar Aikin 1619 ita ce:

* Sake duba tarihin Amurka daga hangen nesa na bayi da zuriyarsu.
* Nuna cewa tarihin Amurka ba ya fara da 'yancin kai na 1776 kadai, sai da a fahimci rawar da bayi suka taka tun daga 1619.
* Bayyana yadda tsarin bauta da wariyar launin fata suka ƙarfafa siyasar Amurka da tsarin mulkinta.
* Girmama gudunmawar bakaken fata wajen gina ƙasar Amurka.

## Abubuwan Da Aikin Ya Ƙunsa
Aikin ya haɗa da:

* Rubuce-rubuce daga marubuta, masana tarihi, da masu fasaha.
* Nazari kan yadda bauta ta shafi harkokin siyasa, addini, kiwon lafiya, ilimi, da tattalin arziki.
* Fasahar adabi kamar gajerun labarai da waƙoƙi daga shahararrun marubuta bakake.
* Jigon labarai daga Hannah-Jones da ya jaddada cewa *bautar bayi ta kasance ginshiƙin kafa Amurka.*

Daga cikin manyan makaloli akwai:

* *Our democracy’s founding ideals were false when they were written. Black Americans have fought to make them true.* (Hannah-Jones)
* Makaloli kan asalin bauta da cinikinta daga Afirka zuwa Amurka.
* Tasirin wariyar launin fata a fannoni daban-daban na rayuwa.

## Karɓuwa da Suka
Aikin ya samu karɓuwa da yabo daga mutane da ƙungiyoyi da dama, musamman daga ɓangaren masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin bakaken fata. An yaba da ƙoƙarin da aka yi wajen saka muradun bakaken fata cikin tarihin Amurka da aka saba mantawa da su. 

Sai dai, aikin ya kuma fuskanci suka daga wasu masana tarihi, 'yan siyasa, da masu ra'ayin mazan jiya. Wasu daga cikin suka sun haɗa da:

* Cewa aikin ya ƙaryata muhimman abubuwa na tarihin Amurka.
* Sabanin da aka samu game da furucin cewa "babban dalilin da ya sa Amurka ta nemi 'yancin kai shi ne don kare bautar bayi."
* Cewa aikin na nufin rusa tsarin tarihin da aka fi sani da ra'ayin ƙasa daya, al'ada daya.

## Matsayi a Ilimi
Daga cikin abubuwan da suka biyo bayan aikin akwai fitar da manhajar makarantu, inda ake koyar da dalibai tarihin bayi da tasirinsu. Wannan ya janyo ce-ce-ku-ce a wasu jihohi, inda aka ce aikin yana gabatar da tarihin da ke da ra'ayin son kai ko siyasa.

Jihohi da dama sun hana amfani da Aikin 1619 a makarantu, yayin da wasu kuma suka goyi bayan koyar da shi.

## Fadada Aikin
Daga bisani, Aikin 1619 ya fadada zuwa:

* Littafin 1619 Project Book, wanda aka fitar a 2021, da ke ƙunshe da ƙarin bayani da makaloli.
* Tashar talabijin – tare da haɗin gwiwa da Hulu da Oprah Winfrey, aka fitar da shiri na talabijin da ke nuna abubuwan da aikin ya kunsa.
* Podcasts da aka fitar domin jin ra'ayoyi da karin bayani daga masu ruwa da tsaki.

## Tasiri a Siyasa da Al'umma
Aikin ya zama wata hanya ta sabunta tunani game da tarihin Amurka da tasirin wariyar launin fata. Hakanan ya kawo haske kan batutuwan da suka shafi:

* Adalcin zamantakewa (social justice).
* Biyayya da laifi a tsarin dokoki (mass incarceration).
* Bakar fata a cikin dimokuraɗiyyar Amurka.
* Muryar bakaken fata a al'adu da tarihi.

## Critisism Daga Masana Tarihi
Masana tarihi kamar James McPherson, Gordon Wood, da Sean Wilentz sun soki wasu daga cikin hujjojin aikin, suna mai cewa akwai buƙatar a fi bin ingantattun tushe na tarihi. Hakanan Hukumar Kula da Ilimi ta Tarayya (National Council for the Social Studies) ta shiga cece-kuce kan amincewa da aikin a makarantu.

## Lambar Yabo
A cikin 2020, Nikole Hannah-Jones ta samu lambar yabo ta **Pulitzer Prize for Commentary** saboda babban makalarta a cikin aikin 1619, wanda ya janyo tattaunawa a fadin duniya.

## Duba Kuma
* Abraham Lincoln
* Wariyar Launin Fata a Amurka

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin Waje
* Shafin hukuma na The 1619 Project a New York Times
* Manhajar 1619 Project a Pulitzer Center
* Turanci: The 1619 Project
## Ƙara karatu
* Gordon-Reed, Annette; Stremlau, Rose; Lowery, Malinda; Reed, Julie L.; Barker, Joanne; Sharfstein, Daniel; Scott, Daryl Michael; Wulf, Karin; Greene, Sandra E.; Sweet, James H.; Troutt Powell, Eve M.; Schine, Rachel; Mikhail, Alan; Edwards, Erika Denise; Williams, Danielle Terrazas (2022). "". *The American Historical Review*. **127** (4): 1792–1873.
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