Batutuwan muhalli a Brunei

Tare da kashi 63.57, Brunei ya zo a lamba 53 daga cikin kasashe 180 a cikin Cibiyar Ayyukan Muhalli (EPI). A wasu yankunan EPI, gami da ruwa da tsabta, ƙarfe mai nauyi, ingancin iska, da bambancin halittu da mazaunin, Brunei ya fi matsakaicin maki na Asiya da Pacific. Amma har yanzu akwai damar ingantawa, musamman dangane da Lafiyar yanayi halittu, kamar gurɓataccen iska, yanayi da makamashi, gandun daji, kamun kifi da albarkatun ruwa. A cikin Brunei, magance Canjin yanayi da haɓaka ƙarfin yanayin halittu, lafiyar muhalli, da juriya ga bala'i duk suna da damar haɓaka kirkire-kirkire da ci gaban aiki a cikin tattalin arzikin kore.

## Canjin yanayi
Shirin gwamnati a cikin Shirin Ci Gaban Ci gaba ya fara ne a shekarar 1991. Tun daga wannan lokacin, wayar da kan jama'a game da muhalli tsakanin Bruneians ya karu, kuma ayyukan muhalli na yanki da na duniya sun sami karfin gwiwa. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan shine shiga Brunei a cikin Yarjejeniyar Muhalli ta Multilateral (MEAs), ƙoƙari na duniya don magance matsalolin muhalli. Shahararrun yarjejeniyoyi sun haɗa da shiga Brunei a cikin Yarjejeniyar Kyoto a cikin 2009, Yarjejeniyar Paris a cikin 2015, da Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi (UNFCCC) a cikin 2007. Neman mafita a matakin jiha don magance matsalolin canjin yanayi wanda zai iya shafar ci gaban Brunei na gaba shine ƙalubalen ƙasar na yanzu. Brunei tana saka hannun jari tun 2007 don cimma burin Brunei 2035. 

Saboda wurin da yake da kuma tsawo na bakin teku, Brunei yana fuskantar matsalolin muhalli da yawa. Abin takaici, saboda hauhawar matakin teku da hauhawar zafin jiki, yawan ambaliyar ruwa ya karu kwanan nan. Wasu yankuna masu ƙasƙanci, gami da waɗanda ke cikin gundumomin Belait da Tutong, sun sami ambaliyar ruwa a watan Agusta 2021 sakamakon rashin tabbas na yanayi.

## Kashe daji

92% na yankin Brunei ya rufe da itatuwa a cikin 2010, jimlar 529 kha. Ya rasa hekta 953 (2,350 acres) na murfin bishiyoyi a cikin 2021, wanda yayi daidai da kilotonnes 645 (635,000 long ton; 711,000 short ton) na fitar da CO2. Brunei ya rasa 14.8 kha na gandun daji mai zafi tsakanin 2002 da 2021, wanda ya kai kashi 52% na asarar bishiyoyi a kasar a wannan lokacin. Jimlar yankin gandun daji na farko na Brunei ya ragu da kashi 3.4% a wannan lokacin. Kimanin kashi 6.3% na jimlar yankin gandun daji ya ɓace tsakanin 1990 da 2016. Dangane da Cibiyar Bayanai ta Duniya kan Yankunan Karewa (WDPA) da Cibiyar Kula da Muhalli ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNEP-WCMC) ta buga, akwai bayanai game da nau'in da ke cikin haɗari a Brunei tun daga shekarar 2017. Tsibirin na uku mafi girma a duniya, Borneo, wanda Malaysia, Kalimantan a Indonesia, da Brunei suka raba, an yi hasashen zai rasa kusan 220,000 km2. na gandun daji tsakanin 2010 da 2030, ko kusan 30% na jimlar yankin ƙasar.

Sanarwar Shugabannin Glasgow kan dazuzzuka da Amfani da Kasa ta amince da Brunei da wasu kasashe sama da 110 a zaman 26 na Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi (COP26). Brunei ta shiga cikin kokarin ta hanyar amincewa da sanarwar don, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, sauƙaƙe manufofin kasuwanci da ci gaba waɗanda ba sa inganta lalacewar gandun daji da lalacewar ƙasa, rage rauni, gina juriya, da inganta hanyoyin rayuwa na ƙauyuka, aiwatar da aikin gona mai ɗorewa, hanzarta sauyawa zuwa tattalin arziki mai ɗorewar, da inganta gandun daji, amfani da ƙasa mai ɗorewan halittu, da burin yanayi.

## Rashin gurɓata iska

Daga 1990 zuwa 2014, matakan fitar da carbon dioxide (CO2)  na Brunei ya karu da matsakaicin 2%. Babban dalilai guda biyu na ci gaban shine samar da wutar lantarki da amfani da man fetur a masana'antar sufuri. 8 Idan aka kwatanta da matsakaicin Asiya-Pacific da ASEAN tun daga 1990, adadin hayaki ya fi ƙasa. Duk da haka, Brunei ya kai 100% iska inganci a cikin "Good" PSI range a 2022, kuma yana da damar samun iska mai tsabta ga mafi yawan shekara.

Brunei bai riga ya fuskanci gurɓataccen iska ba, amma akwai canje-canje na yanayi, tare da hazo mai iyaka daga ƙasashe makwabta wanda ke haifar da matsakaicin matakan gurɓata don faruwa a Lokacin fari (Fabrairu zuwa Afrilu). Masana'antu da ke cirewa, tsaftacewa, da kuma samar da wutar lantarki daga man fetur duk suna da tasiri ga ingancin iska a Brunei. Ingancin iska a Brunei an dauke shi lafiya ta hanyar ka'idodin Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya. Matsakaicin matsakaicin PM 2.5 na shekara-shekara, bisa ga kididdigar kwanan nan, shine 6 g / m3, wanda ke ƙasa da matsakaicin shawarar da aka ba da shawara na 10 g / m3. Tun daga shekara ta 2003, Brunei ta shiga cikin Yarjejeniyar ASEAN kan gurɓataccen Haze na Transboundary tare da sauran Kasashen membobin ASEAN. Kasashen ASEAN g/m3 suna da alhakin sarrafa gurɓataccen hazo ta hanyar hanawa, saka idanu, da rage gobarar ƙasa da gandun daji a matsayin bangarorin yarjejeniyar.

## Manazarta