Jami'ar Fort Hare

**Jami'ar Fort Hare** jami'a ce ta jama'a a Alice, Eastern Cape, Afirka ta Kudu .

Ya kasance babban ma'aikatar ilimi mafi girma ga 'yan Afirka daga 1916 zuwa 1959 lokacin da ya ba da ilimin ilimi na Yamma ga ɗalibai daga ko'ina cikin Afirka ta kudu da Sahara, yana haifar da ƙwararrun Afirka. Tsoffin ɗaliban Fort Hare sun kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyoyin 'yancin kai da gwamnatocin sabbin ƙasashen Afirka masu zaman kansu.

A shekara ta 1959, tsarin wariyar launin fata ya haɗa jami'ar, amma yanzu tana cikin tsarin ilimi na Afirka ta Kudu bayan wariyar launinariya. Ita ce alma mater na sanannun mutane ciki har da Nelson Mandela, Desmond Tutu, Robert Sobukwe, Oliver Tambo, da sauransu.

## Tarihi

Asalinsa, Fort Hare wani sansanin soja ne na Burtaniya a cikin yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin Mazauna Burtaniya da Xhosa na karni na 19. Wasu daga cikin rushewar sansanin har yanzu suna bayyane a yau, da kuma kaburbura na wasu daga cikin sojojin Burtaniya da suka mutu yayin aiki a can.

A cikin shekarun 1830, an gina Cibiyar Mishan ta Lovedale kusa da Fort Hare . : James Stewart, daya daga cikin shugabannin mishan, ya ba da shawarar a 1878 cewa ana buƙatar ƙirƙirar ma'aikata don ilimi mafi girma na ɗaliban baƙar fata.[1]: 419 Koyaya, bai rayu ba don ganin ra'ayinsa ya fara aiki [1]: 419 lokacin da, a 1916, aka kafa Fort Hare tare da Alexander Kerr a matsayin shugabanta na farko. D. D. T. Jabavu shine ma'aikacin baƙar fata na farko wanda ya ba da lacca a cikin yarukan Latin da Afirka.[1]: 419 Dangane da ka'idodin Kirista, kudaden sun kasance ƙasa kuma an tallafa musu sosai. Hakanan akwai tallafin karatu da yawa ga ɗalibai marasa galihu.

Fort Hare yana da ƙungiyoyi da yawa a cikin shekaru kafin ya zama jami'a da kansa. Da farko an kira shi **Kwalejin 'yan asalin Afirka ta Kudu** ko Kwalejin' Yan asalin Fort Hare  kuma an haɗa shi da Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu. : Daga nan ya zama **Kwalejin Jami'ar Fort Hare** kuma yana da alaƙa da Jami'ar Rhodes.[2]: 419 Tare da gabatar da wariyar launin fata, manyan cibiyoyin ilimi a Afirka ta Kudu an ware su sosai tare da layin launin fata; baƙi a baya sun tafi aji tare da Indiyawa, masu launi da 'yan fararen ɗalibai. Daga 1953 makarantar ta zama wani ɓangare na tsarin ilimin Bantu, kuma tare da wucewar Dokar Gabatar da Gwamnatin Kai ta Bantu a 1959, an sanya shi ƙasa kuma an raba shi tare da launin fata da kabilanci, kuma an ƙarfafa koyarwa a cikin harsunan Afirka maimakon Turanci. Fort Hare ya zama jami'ar baƙar fata a cikin kansa a cikin 1970, wanda gwamnatin jihar ke sarrafawa sosai.[2] : 419 

Ya kasance babban ma'aikata a ilimi mafi girma ga baƙar fata na Afirka daga 1916 zuwa 1959. Ya ba da ilimin ilimi na Yammacin Turai ga ɗalibai daga ko'ina cikin Afirka ta kudu da Sahara, yana haifar da ƙwararrun baƙar fata na Afirka. Tsoffin jami'an Fort Hare sun kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyoyin 'yancin kai da gwamnatocin sabbin ƙasashen Afirka masu zaman kansu. Daga cikin wadanda suka yi karatu a Fort Hare wadanda daga baya suka zama shugabannin kasashensu sune Kenneth Kaunda, Seretse Khama, Yusuf Lule, Julius Nyerere, Robert Mugabe da Joshua Nkomo .

Manyan abokan adawar mulkin wariyar launin fata da suka halarci sun hada da Nelson Mandela, Govan Mbeki da Oliver Tambo na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka, Mangosuthu Buthelezi na Inkatha Freedom Party, Robert Sobukwe na Majalisar Dattijai ta Pan Africanist, da Desmond Tutu . Mandela, wanda ya yi karatun Latin da kimiyyar lissafi a can kusan shekaru biyu a cikin shekarun 1940, ya bar ma'aikatar sakamakon rikici da shugaban kwaleji. Daga baya ya rubuta a cikin tarihin kansa: "Ga matasa baƙar fata na Afirka ta Kudu kamar ni, Oxford ne da Cambridge, Harvard da Yale, duk sun rufa cikin ɗaya. "

Bayan karshen wariyar launin fata, Oliver Tambo ya zama shugaban jami'ar a shekarar 1991. A shekara ta 2005, an ba Jami'ar Fort Hare lambar yabo ta Order of the Baobab in Gold don "Hadin gwiwar musamman ga horar da Black ilimi da ci gaban jagoranci a nahiyar Afirka".

## Jami'ar

Babban harabar jami'ar tana cikin Alice kusa da Kogin Tyhume . Yana cikin Lardin Gabashin Cape kimanin kilomita 50 a yammacin Garin Sarki William, a cikin yankin da aka sani da "mai zaman kansa" jihar Ciskei. &nbsp;A cikin shekara ta 2011, harabar Alice tana da dalibai 6400. An gina harabar ta biyu a babban birnin lardin Gabashin Cape na Bhisho a cikin 1990 kuma tana karbar bakuncin 'yan dalibai ɗari, yayin da harabar a Gabashin London, wanda aka samu ta hanyar hadewa a cikin 2004, tana da dalibai 4300.

Jami'ar tana da fannoni biyar (Ilimi, Shari'a, Gudanarwa & Kasuwanci, Kimiyya & Aikin Gona, Kimiyya da Jama'a) dukansu suna ba da cancanta har zuwa matakin digiri.

### Shirye-shiryen dabarun
Bayan wani lokaci na raguwa a cikin shekarun 1990, an nada Derrick Swarts mataimakin shugaban jami'a tare da aikin sake kafa jami'ar a kan tushe mai kyau.  Shirin da Swarts ya ƙaddamar shine shirin dabarun UFH na 2000. An tsara shirin ne don magance yanayin kudi na jami'ar da kuma ingancin ilimi a lokaci guda. An mayar da hankali ga jami'ar kuma saboda haka fannoni biyar sun kasance:

* Ilimi
* Kimiyya da noma
* Kimiyya ta zamantakewa da bil'adama
* Gudanarwa da kasuwanci
* Dokar

Ci gaba da rage mayar da hankali, an kafa cibiyoyi 14 don magance takamaiman batutuwa, kamar UNESCO Oliver Tambo Chair of Human Rights. Ta hanyar wurin da suke cibiyoyin suna da damar zuwa yankunan karkara marasa galihu, kuma saboda haka ana mai da hankali kan rawar da bincike ke takawa wajen inganta ingancin rayuwa da ci gaban tattalin arziki (kuma musamman samar da aiki mai ɗorewa). Daga cikin shirye-shiryen fadakarwa, Cibiyar Kwarewar Telkom tana kula da " dakin gwaje-gwaje mai rai" na makarantu huɗu a Dwesa a kan Wild Coast, waɗanda suka gabatar da dakunan gwaje-gaje na kwamfuta da damar intanet zuwa yankunan da har zuwa 2005 ba su da wutar lantarki.  Ayyukan da aka yi a Dwesa suna mai da hankali kan bincike kan Bayani da Sadarwa don Ci gaba (ICD).

Haɗakar da tsohon harabar Jami'ar Rhodes a Gabashin Landan a shekara ta 2004 ya ba jami'ar tushe na birni da tushe na bakin teku a karon farko. Ci gaban da ci gaba a wannan harabar sun kasance masu sauri. Ci gaban farko na sabuwar jami'ar da ke da yawa an jagoranta ta hanyar shirin shekaru uku; a halin yanzu jami'ar tana bin sabon "Tsarin dabarun 2009-2016", wanda aka shirya don ɗaukar ma'aikatar zuwa shekara ɗari.

## Shahararrun ɗalibai