NASA yan sama jannati, rukuni na 8

## '''NASA yan sama jannati, rukuni na 8'''
Daga Wikipedia, encyclopedia na kyauta
TFNG (Sabbin Samari Talatin da Biyar)
Hoton rukuni na hukuma
Hoton rukuni na hukuma
Shekarar da aka zaba 1978
Lambar da aka zaɓa 35
← 7 (1969)9 (1980) →

Faci aji. Artwork na Robert McCall.
Babban labarin: Jerin 'yan sama jannati ta hanyar zaɓi
NASA 'Yan sama jannati Rukunin 8 wani rukuni ne na 'yan sama jannati 35 da aka sanar a ranar 16 ga watan Janairu, 1978. Shi ne zabin farko na NASA tun Rukunin 6 a 1967, kuma shi ne rukuni mafi girma har zuwa wannan lokacin. Ajin shine farkon wanda ya haɗa da mata da tsirarun 'yan sama jannati; daga cikin 35 da aka zaba, shida mata ne, daya daga cikinsu Bayahudiya Ba’amurke ce, uku kuma Ba’amurke ne, daya kuma ‘yar Asiya ce. Saboda dogon jinkirin da aka yi tsakanin aikin Apollo na ƙarshe a cikin 1972 da jirgin farko na Jirgin Sama na Sararin Samaniya a shekarar alif 1981, 'yan sama jannati kaɗan daga tsofaffin ƙungiyoyi sun rage, kuma sun fi su girma da sabbin shiga, waɗanda aka fi sani da Sabbin Guy talatin da Biyar. (TFNG). Tun daga wannan lokacin, ana zabar sabon rukuni na 'yan takara kusan kowace shekara biyu.

A rukunin 'Yan sama jannati 8, an zaɓi nau'ikan 'yan sama jannati iri biyu: matukan jirgi da ƙwararrun manufa. Kungiyar ta kunshi matukan jirgi 15, dukkansu ma’aikatan gwaji, da kwararru 20 na aikewa da sako. NASA ta dakatar da tura wadanda ba matukan jirgi ba na tsawon shekara daya na horar da matukan jirgi. Har ila yau, ya daina nada 'yan sama jannati kan zabi. Madadin haka, farawa da wannan rukunin, an ɗauki sabbin zaɓen ƴan takarar sama jannati maimakon cikakkun ‘yan sama jannati har sai sun gama horo.
Mambobi hudu na wannan rukunin, Dick Scobee, Judith Resnik, Ellison Onizuka, da Ronald McNair, sun mutu a cikin bala'i na Space Shuttle Challenger. Waɗannan huɗun, tare da Shannon Lucid, sun sami lambar yabo ta Majalisar Wakilai ta Sararin Samaniya, tare da ba wa wannan ɗan sama jannati aji biyar jimlar waɗanda suka sami wannan babbar lambar yabo ta NASA. Wannan shi ne na biyu kawai ga New Nine class na 1962, wanda ya karbi bakwai. Sana'o'in TFNGs zai mamaye dukkan Shirin Jirgin Saman Sama. Sun sake fasalin siffar dan sama jannatin Amurka zuwa wanda ya fi kama da bambancin al'ummar Amurka, kuma sun bude kofa ga wasu da za su biyo baya.

## '''Fage'''
Daidaitaccen damar yin aiki a NASA
Ƙaddamar da Dokar Samar da damar Samar da Aikin yi na shekara ta alif 1972 ya ba da hakora ga alƙawarin Dokar 'Yancin Bil'adama ta shekarar alif 1964 don magance ci gaba da nuna wariya ga aikin yi ga mata, Amurkawa Afirka da sauran ƙungiyoyin tsiraru a cikin al'ummar Amurka. Musamman ma, ta bai wa Hukumar Samar da Samar da Aikin Yi Daidaitowa ikon ɗaukar matakin tilasta wa mutane, ma’aikata, da ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago waɗanda suka saba wa tanadin aikin yi na dokar 1964, tare da faɗaɗa ikon hukumar don magance su.Har ila yau, ya tsawaita aikin tabbataccen aiki, tare da tilasta duk hukumomin reshen zartaswa su ma su bi dokar. Magoya bayan dokar sun yi fatan za ta haifar da sauye-sauye a cikin al'umma, amma al'adu ba a canza su cikin sauƙi ba. Mata masu ilimin kimiyya da injiniya har yanzu sun ga al'adar ta yi watsi da su, kuma yayin da kwalejoji suka kara yawan shigar mata a cikin wadannan fagagen, mata da yawa sun sami kansu a cikin ajujuwa galibi cike da maza, wasu daga cikinsu suna nuna kyama ga kasancewarsu. Kodayake a farkon shekarun 1970 mata sun sami kashi 40 cikin 100 na PhDs da aka ba su a fannin ilmin halitta, sun wakilci kashi 4 ne kawai na waɗanda ke aikin injiniya; kashi 10 cikin 100 ba a kai ba sai a shekarun 1990, inda a lokacin ne aka baiwa Amurkawa Afirka kashi 2 na digiri na uku a dukkan fannonin kimiyya da injiniya.

Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Kasa (NASA) ba ta kasance cikin bambance-bambance ba a cikin 1972. Yawancin manyan wurarenta goma sha biyu suna Kudancin Amurka. Takwas daga cikinsu sun samar da ofisoshin aiki daidai gwargwado, amma ma'aikatan shida daga cikinsu farare ne gaba daya.
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