Lotte Binder

Lotte Binder (27 Oktoba 1880 - 11 ga Agusta 1930) ɗan Austro-Hungary ne, daga baya malami ɗan Romania kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata, na yankin Transylvanian Saxon . Da yake ba ta da damar shiga makarantun sakandare, mahaifinta ya ba ta horo don cin jarrabawar cancantar malamai a makarantar maza ta yankin a 1904. Daga wannan shekarar har zuwa rasuwarta, ta koyar a makarantar ’yan mata da ke Mediaș . Binder ya shiga cikin hakkin mata kuma ya kasance wani bangare na nasarar nasarar samun mata 'yancin jefa kuri'a a Transylvania. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Frauenfragen (Rukunin Aiki akan Abubuwan Mata) a cikin 1912. Daga 1919, ta jagoranci Deutsch-sächsischen Frauenvereinigung (Ƙungiyar Mata ta Jamus-Saxon), kuma ta jagoranci Freie Sächsische Frauenbund (Ma'anar Saxon na kyauta [ma'anar Jamusanci] Ƙungiyar Mata) tsakanin 1925 zuwa 1930. Ita ce wakiliyar farko ta Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) a Romania daga 1921 zuwa 1926.

Baya ga koyarwarta da fafutuka, Binder ta rubuta labarai ga jaridu daban-daban kuma ta yi aiki a kwamitin gundumar Mediaş da kuma Majalisar Jama'a daga 1920 zuwa 1926. A cikin 1929, an zabe ta a Majalisar City ta Mediaş kuma ta yi aiki a kan muhimman allunan coci. Ta mutu ba zato ba tsammani daga rikitarwa na appendectomy. Abin tunawa da jana'izarta a  (Sibiu Central Cemetery), wanda Margarete Depner ya sassaƙa, yana ɗaya daga cikin sanannun abubuwan tunawa a cikin birnin Sibiu.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Lotte Binder 27 Oktoba 1880 a cikin Reps (yanzu ana kiransa Rupea ), Transylvania, Austria-Hungary, ga Michael Binder da matarsa.  Mahaifinta, wanda fasto ne, shi ne shugaban dakin motsa jiki a Reghin . Tun tana karama take son zama malama, amma ta kasa samun damar yin karatu a kasashen waje.  Ba a yarda 'yan mata su halarci makarantun boko na Jamus ba kuma babu wani tsari na cancanta ga malamai mata a Transylvania.   [ Bayani a shafi na 1 ] Mahaifinta ya koyar da Binder da ’yan’uwanta, yana ba su kwasa-kwasan darussa na asali da Latin.  Ya taimaka mata ta shirya a shekara ta 1904 don yin jarrabawar cancantar koyarwa a makarantar Evangelical ta maza ta Hermannstadt (yanzu ana kiranta Sibiu). 

## Sana'a

### Koyarwa da Siyasa (1904-1930)
Binder ya fara koyarwa a Rode,  amma a faɗuwar 1904 ta kasance a makarantar 'yan mata a Mediaș, inda ta yi aiki har mutuwarta. A lokacin aikinta ta ɗauki kwasa-kwasan ilimin tattalin arziki, adabi, koyar da ɗabi'a, da ilimin ɗabi'a a Jamus, amma matsalolin kuɗi sun iyakance ikonta na kammala digiri. Duk da haka, ta yi aiki da  (Sibiu Socio-Human Research Institute) na Kwalejin Romania akan  ( *Dictionary of Saxon Dialects from Transylvania* ) kuma ya gudanar da bincike na ƙabilanci da na harshe.  Binder ya kasance wakili ne a 1925 Congress na Babban Ƙungiyar Malaman Mata na Jamus, wanda aka shirya a Dresden, Jamus, da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 1927 akan Ilimi, wanda aka gudanar a Locarno, Switzerland.  

A cikin 1920, Binder ya zama memba na Kwamitin Mediaș District kuma ya yi aiki a Majalisar Jama'a, ya kammala wa'adin shekaru uku. An sake zaɓe ta a waɗannan hukumomin a 1923 da 1926, kafin a zabe ta a 1929 a matsayin memba na Majalisar Mediaș City Council. A wannan lokacin, ta yi aiki a Kwamitin Jin Daɗi na Majalisar Ikilisiya ta Jiha daga 1926 kuma ta zama memba na ƙungiyar Mediaș District a 1928. 

### Ayyuka (1912-1930)
Binder ya shiga cikin ƙungiyoyin mata kuma ya zama shugabar  (Rukunin Aiki akan Matsalolin Mata) a cikin 1912.  Daga 1919 zuwa 1930, ta jagoranci  (Ƙungiyar Mata ta Jamus-Saxon).  Waɗannan ƙungiyoyi sun shiga ƙungiyar laima ta  (Ma'anar Saxon [Ma'anar Jamusanci] Ƙungiyar Mata), lokacin da Adele Zay ya kafa ta a 1920.  Manufar  ita ce samar da hanyar sadarwa ga ƙungiyoyin mata na Jamus masu ƙabilanci don yin aiki tare a kan batutuwan zamantakewa da siyasa a cikin Romania.   Babban abin sha'awa a gare su shi ne ilimin mata, wanda ya hada da horar da fasaha da kwasa-kwasan kula da yara, kafa makarantun renon yara, da dabarun koyar da gidaje da kula da marayu.   Ta halarci 1921 Vienna Congress of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF)  kuma ta kasance mai fafutuka na farko da ke cikin WILPF a Romania har zuwa 1926. 

A 1925, Binder ya zama shugaban , magajin Zay.   A wannan shekarar, ta kuma zama babban editan mujallar ƙungiyar  ( *Takardar Mata* ) kuma ta fara rubuta labaran da suka fito a cikin  ( *Jaridar Transylvanian-German Daily Newspaper* ), takarda mafi mahimmancin harshen Jamus da aka buga a Hermannstadt ta 1944. Gabaɗaya labaranta sun fi mayar da hankali ne kan yancin mata da iliminsu.   ya yi nasarar rattaba hannu a kan zaben mata da kuma samun ‘yancin mata masu ilimi na kada kuri’a da tsayawa takara a zaben kananan hukumomi. Hujjarsu ba ta mai da hankali kan batutuwan da suka shafi daidaito ba sai dai cewa barin mata su kada kuri’a zai taimaka wa al’ummar Jamus, kasancewar mata masu jin Jamusanci na da manyan matakan ilimi a kasar Transylvania. 

Daga cikin tarukan mata na kasa da kasa da ta halarta akwai taron kasashen Turai (1925, Geneva), taron mata kan tsiraru (1925, Bucharest), da Majalisar Majalisar Mata ta Duniya (1930, Vienna).  An tsara taron majalissar kan kabilanci da na tsiraru don daidaita dangantaka tsakanin kabilu daban-daban a cikin Romania, wadanda suka mamaye Transylvania a karshen yakin duniya na daya .  [ da al'ummar Jamus suka fuskanta bayan haɗin gwiwa tare da Romania sun haɗa da manhajoji da aka koyar da harshen Romanian, maimakon a cikin harshen asali na ɗalibai. Sakamakon haka, ba a sami horon aikin likitanci ba, wanda ya haifar da raguwar ungozoma da likitocin al'ummar Jamusawa. Sauran batutuwan sun haɗa da nuna wariya na gidaje, rashin daidaito wajen aiwatar da gyare-gyaren noma da gudanarwa, da manufofin haraji marasa daidaituwa.  Binder ya jagoranci tawagar membobi ashirin da daya na  don halartar taron mata kan tsiraru, bayan taron Vienna.  Tattaunawar da aka yi a wurin ta ta’allaka ne kan yadda kungiyoyin mata masu wakiltar kananan kabilu daban-daban za su yi aiki tare a kan jin dadin jama’a, maimakon kare ko take hakkin kabilanci.  Duk da yake 'yan majalisa ba su warware matsalolin kabilanci ba, sun ba wa mata hanyar da za su ci gaba tare da haɗin gwiwa kuma sun haifar da Kwamitin Aminci da Ƙananan Ƙungiyoyin  ya kafa. (Majalisar Mata ta Romania). 

## Mutuwa da gado
Binder ya mutu a ranar 11 ga Agusta 1930 a Sibiu, Romania, bayan wani aikin tiyata .    ta kafa wata gidauniya mai dauke da sunanta tare da ba ta kyautar kabari a  (Sibiu Central Cemetery). A cikin 1934, an gina wani sassaka na Margarete Depner a makabartar don girmama Binder.  Mutum-mutumin ya zama daya daga cikin shahararrun wuraren tunawa da jana'izar a birnin.   Yana kwatanta macen da ke zaune wacce kanta ke kwance akan gwiwa.  Tare da Zay da Grete Teutsch, Binder ana daukarsa a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Jamusawa na Transylvanian da ke da hannu a cikin ƙungiyoyin mata da eugenics . 

## Bayanan kula

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