Joseph McCann (mai laifi)

**Joseph McCann** (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1985) ɗan Ingila ne mai fyade. A cikin Afrilu da Mayu 2019, McCann ya kai hare-haren jima'i a Hertfordshire, Landan, Greater Manchester da Cheshire a kan baƙi 11, daga shekara 11 zuwa mace mai shekaru 71.  Ya guje wa 'yan sanda, wadanda ke zargin cewa "cibiyar tallafi" ta kare shi a duk faɗin ƙasar. Don waɗannan laifuka, an yi masa shari'a a Old Bailey kuma, a ranar 6 ga Disamba, an yanke masa hukunci kan laifuka 37.   Kwanaki uku bayan haka, an ba shi hukuncin rai da rai 33.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Joseph McCann a London [1] a ranar 8 ga Fabrairu 1985, [2] ga maginin Scotland kuma uwa mai "hanyoyi" zuwa al'ummar matafiya na Irish; [1] an ruwaito shi a matsayin "an cire tsarai daya" daga matafiya[3] kuma wani ɓangare na "babban dangin balaguro".[4] A tsakiyar 1990s, McCanns sun ƙaura zuwa gidan majalisa akan Tirol Walk a Beswick, gundumar Manchester.[5]￼￼

## Tarihin aikata laifuka kafin Afrilu 2019
Da farko a shekara ta 1996,  McCann da 'yan uwansa "sun gudanar da kamfen na tsoratarwa da aikata laifuka" a unguwarsu.  McCann ya fara hulɗa da 'yan sanda yana da shekaru 11. An yanke masa hukunci na farko ne saboda sata, lokacin da yake da shekaru 13,  kuma wasu sun biyo baya saboda lalacewar laifi, mallaki wuka da kuma kula da kayan sata.  Sauran abubuwan da 'yan jarida suka ruwaito sun haɗa da sata da ƙone motoci, yin fashi, barazana ga tsofaffin maƙwabta da tsoratar da yara ƙanana da ke halartar kulob din aikin gida. Bayan korafe-korafe daga maƙwabta, majalisa ta yi fim da 'yan uwan suna lalata dukiya, lalata motoci da jefa bulo ga mutane. Tare da makwabta da majalisa suna tattara shaidu a kan yara maza, a cikin 1998 majalisa ta kori iyalin daga gidansu.

### 1999 Dokar halayyar zamantakewa
McCanns sun koma Ardwick, kuma a Manchester, amma yaran sau da yawa suna komawa tsohuwar gidansu kuma suna ci gaba da abin da *Manchester Evening Post* ta kira "kamfen na ta'addanci". Wani jami'in 'yan sanda na cikin gida ya gaya wa *[[The Guardian]]* cewa "akwai ra'ayi cewa su [McCanns] ba za a iya taɓa su ba. Yaran uku sun haifar da matsaloli masu yawa ga mutanen yankin kuma sun aikata halaye masu yawa na zamantakewa". 'Yan sanda sun ci gaba da tattara shaidu daga maƙwabta kuma, a cikin 1999, McCann da' yan uwansa sun kasance ƙarƙashin ɗayan umarnin halayyar jama'a na farko na Burtaniya (ASBO). An hana su "shiga yankin Beswick [,] ... ta amfani ko shiga cikin kowane zagi, zagi, cin zarafi, barazana ko tsoratar da shi a Birnin Manchester [,] ... barazana ko shiga cikin tashin hankali ko lalacewa ga mutane ko dukiya a cikin Birnin ... da kuma ƙarfafa wasu [don yin haka]". An dauki hotunan yaran suna murmushi da rantsuwa ga 'yan jarida bayan sun bar kotu. An ce an "an kwantar da" mazaunan Beswick ta hanyar umarnin;  'yan sanda sun ba da rahoton cewa aikata laifuka ya fadi da kashi ɗaya bisa uku, yawan fashi ya ragu kuma babban kanti daya ya yi iƙirarin cewa kudaden shiga sun karu da £ 14,000 a mako bayan an ɗora ASBO. 

'Yan uwan sun daukaka kara game da umarnin, da farko zuwa Kotun Crown sannan zuwa Babban Kotun. Dukansu sun kasa kuma sun kai shi Kotun daukaka kara a shekara ta 2001,  wanda kuma ya ki amincewa da roko. A shekara ta 2002, Majalisar Lords ta saurari karar, wanda ya dogara da ko ASBO ta kafa shari'ar farar hula ko aikata laifuka a karkashin Mataki na 6 na Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam. Wannan bambancin ya kasance saboda jita-jita ba ta yarda da ita ba a cikin shari'o'in aikata laifuka; An kafa ASBOs don zama umarnin farar hula tare da azabtar da laifi, wanda (a matsayin shari'ar farar hula) ya ba da damar jita-jita na mutanen da aka tsoratar su zama masu yarda maimakon neman su bayyana a matsayin shaidu. Idan House of Lords ya yanke musu hukunci a matsayin masu aikata laifuka, to ASBO za ta kasance "maras aiki". A cikin R (McCann & wasu) v Crown Court a Manchester *da kuma wani* ([2002] UKHL 39), an yanke hukuncin cewa shari'ar ta kasance ta farar hula kuma saboda haka an kori shari'ar McCanns. Saboda tasirin da ya haifar, an tattauna hukuncin a cikin wallafe-wallafen ilimi.

### Hukuncin da ba a ƙayyade ba na shekara ta 2008
Bayan ASBO na 1999, dangin McCann sun ƙaura daga Manchester. Kamar yadda The Daily Telegraph ya ce, ASBO ta zo ne a matsayin taimako ga mazaunan Beswick amma "ta kasa warware matsalar" na McCanns. Iyalin sun zauna a kudancin Ingila, a Aylesbury da Harrow,  inda 'yan uwan suka ci gaba da aikata laifuka, gami da satar mota da lalata dukiya. A shekara ta 2007, McCann yana zaune a Bedford. Ya haifi ƙaramin yaro bai kasance a lokacin haihuwar ba saboda yana cikin kurkuku. A ranar 27 ga watan Disamba, ya yi fashi a gidan wani dattijo a Cotton End; McCann ya yi barazanar soke mutumin kuma ya sace jaka. Bayan da aka gane McCann a CCTV, an kama shi, daga ƙarshe ya yi ikirarin aikata laifi game da fashi mai tsanani kuma an yanke masa hukunci a watan Satumbar 2008 zuwa kurkuku don kare jama'a (IPP) tare da mafi ƙarancin shekaru biyu da watanni shida a kurkuku. Abokin aikinsa yana da ciki sosai da ɗansu na biyu a lokacin da aka yanke masa hukunci. IPP na McCann wani nau'i ne na hukuncin da ba a iyakance shi ba wanda ke nufin cewa za a sake shi ne kawai bayan mafi ƙarancin lokaci kuma da zarar Hukumar Sadarwa ta Ingila da Wales ta gamsu cewa ba za ta sake haifar da haɗari ga jama'a ba; idan an sake shi, zai kasance a kan lasisi na shekaru goma kuma idan aka yanke masa hukunci na ƙarin laifuka a wannan lokacin, za a dawo da shi zuwa kurkuku a kan hukuncin IPP.

Yayinda yake yin hukuncinsa, manajan mai laifinsa ya tantance McCann a matsayin "mai sa babban haɗari na mummunar lahani ga jama'a da sanannun manya", da kuma "matsakaiciyar haɗari" ga yara, ma'aikatan kurkuku da fursunoni. A shekara ta 2009, ma'aikatan kurkuku sun tsayar da wasiƙu da ke nuna cewa "ya sanya haɗarin cutar jima'i". Shekaru biyu bayan haka, 'yan sanda sun faɗakar da manajojinsa masu laifi game da leken asiri daga 2003 yana nuna cewa "yana iya haifar da haɗarin cutar jima'i da cin zarafin' yan mata matasa". McCann ya kasance a kurkuku sama da shekaru takwas; Hukumar Sadarwa ta ki amincewa da aikace-aikacensa na Sadarwa a cikin 2010, 2012 da 2014.  Ya gudanar da darussan farfadowa da darussin rage haɗari  kuma a ƙarshe an sake shi a kan lasisi a watan Maris na shekara ta 2017. Yayinda McCann ya yi masa hukuncin, ɗan'uwansa Sean ya kashe kansa yayin da yake yin shekaru biyu don kai hari da sauran laifuka a HMP Peterborough .

### Saki da sake yanke hukunci na 2017
Lokacin da aka sake shi daga kurkuku, an sanya McCann ya kwashe makonni goma sha biyu a wani kamfani da aka amince da shi a Gabashin Anglia. A ƙarshen wannan lokacin, ya tafi zama tare da dangi a Buckinghamshire wanda aka amince da shi azaman tsari na wucin gadi. Koyaya, a ƙarshen Yuli da farkon Agusta 2017 ya ziyarci Manchester kuma ya fara motsawa tsakanin sauran adiresoshin iyali a Hertfordshire; A sakamakon wannan, manajansa mai laifi bai iya tuntuɓar shi ba.

A ranar 18 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2017, an kama shi da satar mota da fashi kuma daga baya aka tsare shi. A watan Janairun 2018, an yanke masa hukuncin shekaru uku da watanni hudu a kurkuku saboda fashi da satar mota. A lokacin da aka yanke masa hukunci, alƙalin ya ce wannan zai gudana tare da hukuncin IPP, amma ƙungiyar gudanarwa ta mai laifi ba ta tunatar da shi a wannan jumla ba; da sun yi haka, dole ne ya bayyana a gaban kwamitin sallah kafin a yi la'akari da shi don a sake shi. Maimakon haka, an bi da hukuncinsa a matsayin mai ƙuduri wanda ke nufin za a sake shi a rabi ta hanyar lasisi.

### Fitar da 2019 akan lasisi
A ƙarshen 2018 da farkon Janairu 2019, ma'aikatan gidan yarin McCann sun tuntubi ma'aikatan gwaji, waɗanda suka damu da cewa ba a dawo da McCann a kan hukuncin IPP ba. Babban jami'in gwaji ya sake jaddada cewa wanda ya riga shi, wanda ke da alhakin shari'ar a lokacin da aka yanke wa McCann hukuncin, ya yanke shawarar kada a dawo da shi. Mataimakin Babban Jami'in da ya jagoranci aikin gwaji a Hertfordshire ya tabbatar da shawarar a watan Janairun 2019, saboda damuwa cewa akwai haɗarin da McCann zai iya kalubalanci tunaninta a wannan ƙarshen matakin. Ba da daɗewa ba, an sake shi a kan lasisi kuma an hana shi yin hulɗa da mata. Manajansa mai laifi bai iya samun masa ɗaki a Gidan da aka amince da shi ba, don haka an ba shi izinin komawa adireshin iyalinsa a Buckinghamshire. A lokacin da ya aikata laifuka a watan Afrilu, yana zaune a Aylesbury.

A farkon watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2019, McCann ya nemi hukumomin yankin don samun gidaje a gare shi da sabon abokin tarayya. Lokacin da aka gaya masa cewa ba za su iya masauki ba, sai ya zama mara kyau ga ma'aikatan, waɗanda suka tuntubi manajansa mai laifi. Saboda sabon dangantakarsa ta sanya shi cikin keta lasisi, an ba shi wasika ta gargadi a ranar 10 ga Afrilu ta hanyar ayyukan gwaji. Wannan ya ci gaba da tattauna da shi ta hanyar mai laifinsa kwanaki takwas bayan haka. A ranar 12 ga Afrilu, an yanke wa ɗan'uwansa Michael hukuncin shekaru shida da watanni 11 a kurkuku saboda aiwatar da jerin satar jaka, cin hanci da rashawa da kuma laifukan tuki a Hertfordshire a cikin shekara ta 2018.

## Laifukan jima'i da farautar mutum, Afrilu-Mayu 2019
A ranar 21 ga Afrilu 2019, McCann ya sace kuma ya yi wa wata mace mai shekaru 21 fyade a Watford, Hertfordshire. An sace ta ne da karfe 3:30 na safe, lokacin da take tafiya zuwa gida daga dare; McCann ya tilasta mata shiga cikin motarsa a wuka. Daga nan sai ya kai ta gida, ya yi mata fyade kuma ya sake ta a Landan safiya. 'Yan sanda na Hertfordshire sun gano McCann a wannan rana kuma sun kara shi ga kwamfutar' yan sanda ta kasa. 'Yan sanda, duk da haka, ba su iya gano shi ba kuma, bayan tsakar dare a ranar 25 ga Afrilu, ya sace wata mace mai shekaru 25 a Walthamstow a arewa maso gabashin London, ya ja ta cikin motarsa; ya yi mata fyade kuma ya yi mata rauni a cikin sa'o'i 14. Har yanzu tana cikin motarsa lokacin da ya sace wata mace (mai shekaru 21) a Edgware a arewacin London. Ya kuma kai mata hari. McCann ya tuka zuwa Watford tare da su a cikin motarsa; a can, ya yi ƙoƙari ya shiga cikin otal kafin ɗaya daga cikin matan ya buge shi da kwalban gilashi, ya ba su damar tserewa. 'Yan sanda na Metropolitan ba su haɗa waɗannan hare-haren biyu daga baya da na farko ba har zuwa 28 ga Afrilu. An farautar mutum yayin da 'yan sanda suka saki sunansa kuma suka ba da lada na £ 20,000 don bayani amma ya sami nasarar guje wa' yan sanda, wadanda ke zargin cewa "cibiyar tallafi" ta kare shi a duk faɗin ƙasar.

A ranar 5 ga Mayu, ya sadu da wata mace a wani mashaya a Greater Manchester kuma ya shawo kanta ta ba shi damar shiga gidanta; a can, ya ɗaure ta kuma ya yi wa 'yarta mai shekaru 17 da ɗanta mai shekaru 11 fyade a kusa da karfe 8:00 na safe. Yarinyar ta yi nasarar tserewa daga gidan, ta yi tsalle daga taga na sama, kuma ta faɗakar da maƙwabta. Yayin da McCann ya gudu, dan ya saki mahaifiyarsa. Da karfe 1:30 na yamma, McCann ya sace wata mace mai shekaru 71 a waje da wani babban kantin sayar da kayayyaki kuma daga baya ya yi mata fyade; yayin da yake riƙe da ita, ya sace kuma ya yi wa wata yarinya mai shekaru 13 fyade. Sun tsere a Knutsford Services a wannan maraice. McCann ya tafi Congleton a Cheshire, inda, a wannan rana da karfe 6:30 na yamma, ya sace 'yan mata biyu masu shekaru 14 kuma ya yi barazanar kashe su. 'Yan sanda sun hango shi, wadanda suka bi shi; a cikin bin, McCann ya fadi motarsa kuma ya gudu da ƙafa, ya bar' yan mata ba tare da rauni ba. Ya kama taksi, amma 'yan sanda sun lura da shi a wani shinge kusa da Congleton. Ya gudu daga motar da ƙafa; 'yan sanda sun kama shi kuma an gano shi yana ɓoyewa a kan itace a kan hanyar ƙasa a kusa da karfe 3:00 na safe a ranar 6 ga Mayu. Daga nan aka kama shi kuma aka tsare shi.

## Shari'a da ɗaurin kurkuku
Don waɗannan laifuka, an yi masa shari'a a Old Bailey kuma, a ranar 6 ga Disamba, an yanke masa hukunci kan laifuka 37. Kwanaki uku bayan haka, an ba shi hukuncin rai da rai 33, kuma an umarce shi da ya yi aiki aƙalla shekaru 30 kafin a iya la'akari da shi don sallama. A ranar 11 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2020, Kotun daukaka kara ta kara wannan mafi ƙarancin zuwa shekaru 40. 

## Sakamakon da sharhi

### Ayyukan gwaji
Bayan shari'ar McCann, BBC News ta bayyana cewa Hukumar Kula da Tabbacin Kasa (NPS) "ba ta bi hanyoyin da suka dace ba" lokacin da aka yanke masa hukunci a shekarar 2017; ya kamata a tuno da shi a kan hukuncin IPP. Rahoton ya bayyana cewa "rashin yin hakan ya kasance mai mahimmanci" saboda McCann ba zai iya neman saki ba har sai lokacin rani na 2019 kuma mai yiwuwa a ƙi shi. Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta gudanar da Babban Binciken Laifi, wanda aka saki taƙaitaccen bayani ga jama'a a watan Maris 2020. Rahoton ya kammala cewa NPS "ba ta gudanar da [McCann] yadda ya kamata ba ko kuma daidai da manufofi da hanyoyin da suka tsara tsammanin don sarrafa masu laifi waɗanda ke haifar da babban haɗarin lahani. Matsayin aikin ya bambanta sosai a tsawon lokaci da tsakanin mutane". Ya gano cewa farkon gudanar da shari'ar McCann a lokacin da aka yanke masa hukuncin IPP ya kasance mai kyau, amma wannan "ya lalace sosai" ta hanyar "maimaitawa da gazawar daban-daban". Wannan ya haɗa da gazawar yin la'akari da bayanan tarihi game da haɗarin cutar jima'i; rashin shiri na yanke hukunci; da kuma yanke shawara da aka maimaita don kada a tunatar da McCann zuwa kurkuku a kan hukuncin IPP bayan Agusta 2017.

Rahoton SFO ya bayyana cewa manajoji masu laifi 10 ne suka gudanar da shari'ar McCann tsakanin Satumba 2008 da kuma sakin sa a watan Fabrairun 2019. A cikin 2018, yawan ma'aikata ya yi yawa, masu shari'a sun tashi kuma ofishin ya dogara da ma'aikatan wucin gadi waɗanda ba su da ƙwarewa tare da masu laifi masu haɗari.[undefined] Saurin mikawa tsakanin manajoji yana nufin cewa "damuwar haɗari ta ɓace"; ya kara da cewa "Ya bayyana cewa matsin lamba a kan ma'aikatan a cikin 2018 da kuma canjin rikice-rikice na shari'ar tsakanin manajojin masu laifi da yawa sun yi tasiri sosai ga ikon su na sake duba tarihin tarihin [McCann", sabili da haka don gano nassoshin da suka gabata game da tashin hankali na jima'i".[2][1] A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019, The Guardian ya ba da shawarar cewa manufofi na tsauraran matakai da raguwar kasafin kuɗi sun rage ikon NPS na magance shari'ar McCann kuma "wannan gazawar na iya zama shaida game da tasirin tsauraran matsakaici a kan tsarin shari'ar aikata laifuka".[3] Jaridar ta kuma nuna cewa an mallaki NPS a cikin 2014 kuma an sake fasalin gudanar da shi; bayan haka, masu dubawa sun gano cewa aikin jami'an gwaji sau da yawa ya fi ƙarfin aiki kuma wannan ya fi girma a cikin yankin yankin wanda ke kula da McCann (wanda kuma ya sami karancin ma'aikata). [4] Hukuncin McCann da waɗannan damuwa sun tashi ne kwanaki da yawa bayan harin da aka kai a London Bridge na 2019, wanda kuma ya haifar da muhawara ta siyasa game da yanayin hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku don babban laifi a cikin jagorancin babban zabe Burtaniya wanda aka gudanar a ranar 12 ga Disamba. [4]￼

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin masu fyade

## Manazarta