Nicola Gordon Bowe

**Nicola (Nikki) Gordon Bowe,** Hon FMGP (1948 - 4 Janairu 2018) ta kasance masaniyar tarihi a fannin fasaha, marubuciya kuma mai ilimi. Ta kasance babbar marubuciya a kan harkokin fasaha da sana'o'i a Ireland, musamman farfaɗo da gilashin da aka yi wa fenti a matsayin wani nau'in fasaha. An kuma san ta da bincike mai zurfi da wallafe-wallafenta kan masu zane-zanen gilashi masu fenti Harry Clarke da Wilhelmina Geddes .

Bowe ta kasance Mataimakiyar Jami'a a Sashen Al'adu na gani, Kwalejin Fasaha da Zane ta Ƙasa da ke Dublin; Farfesa mai ziyara, Cibiyar Bincike ta Fasaha da Zane a Jami'ar Ulster ; kuma ta sami wasu guraben karo ilimi a lokacin aikinta.  

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi

An haifi Bowe a shekarar 1948 a Stafford, Ingila ga kansilan Landan Richard Gordon da shugabar makaranta Elizabeth Smedley kuma ta girma a St Albans, Hertfordshire . Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta St Albans kuma ta kammala karatunta na A a wata makarantar Turanci da ke Rome, Italiya.  Saboda asalin 'yan Irish da ke Clonmel a ɓangaren ubanta, ta yanke shawarar zuwa jami'a a Ireland.  Ta yi karatun Faransanci da Italiyanci a matsayin daliba a Trinity College Dublin, inda ta sami digiri na BA (girmamawa) daga baya kuma ta sami digiri na MA da PhD a tarihin fasaha . 

## Sana'a
A lokacin aikinta na sama da shekaru 30, Bowe ta kasance malamar tarihi a fannin zane a Kwalejin Al'adu ta Makaranta, Kwalejin Fasaha da Zane ta Ƙasa da ke Dublin. Ta kasance darakta ta farko a kwas ɗin digiri na biyu a fannin Zane da Fasahar Aiwatarwa.  Ta kuma kasance farfesa mai ziyara a Cibiyar Bincike ta Fasaha da Zane a Jami'ar Ulster .  Ta gudanar da karatun digiri na bincike a Jami'ar Wales, Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Ƙasa da ke Washington DC, Laburaren Huntington, California da Guild of St. George (Ingila). Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin wakilin Ireland a ƙungiyar nazarin UNESCO ta duniya don gine-ginen Art Nouveau .  An naɗa Dr Bowe a matsayin Babban Jami'in Daraja na Ƙungiyar Masu Zane-zane ta Gilashin Burtaniya a shekara ta 2001 kuma ta yi aiki na tsawon shekaru da yawa a Hukumar Ba da Shawara ga Edita don *Jaridar Gilashin Tace*, wadda ta buga labarin mutuwarta a cikin sabon fitowar. 

Bowe ta rubuta kuma ta yi lacca sosai kan Motsin Fasaha da Sana'o'i na farkon karni na 20, Farfaɗowar Celtic, da kuma sake farfaɗo da gilashin da aka yi wa fenti a matsayin wani nau'in fasaha.  Ta ba da gudummawa ga wallafe-wallafe da tarin littattafai iri-iri. Shaharar da Bowe ta samu a matsayin masanin tarihin fasaha ya samo asali ne daga cikakken bincike, rubutu da kuma fafutukar da ta yi na aikin da aka daɗe ana mantawa da shi na manyan masu zane-zanen gilashi guda biyu, Harry Clarke da Wilhelmina Geddes .

A farkon karni na 20, Harry Clarke, mai zane-zanen gilashi mai fenti, wanda aikinsa Bowe ya sake gano shi a cikin majami'u daban-daban na karkara na Ireland, shine batun takardar digirin digirgir ta Bowe a shekarar 1982. An buga littafinta na farko kan Clarke a shekarar 1983. Bincikenta game da rayuwar Clarke da aikinta shine farkon dogon aiki na bincike mai zurfi game da motsin Fasaha da Sana'o'i a Ireland.  Littafin Bowe mai tasiri kan Rayuwa da Aikin Harry Clarke, wanda Irish Academic Press ta fara bugawa a shekarar 1989, "ya sake tabbatar da suna na wannan fitaccen mai zane na Irish na farkon karni na 20". 

Bowe ta kuma shafe shekaru da yawa tana bincike kan rayuwa da fasahar Wilhelmina Geddes, wani sanannen mai zane mai fenti wanda aka haifa a Ulster. "Geddes wanda, kamar Harry Clarke, an yaba shi a rayuwa amma an manta da shi sosai a mutuwa".  A lokacin rayuwarta, masana tarihi na fasaha sun yaba wa ayyukan Geddes, amma ba ta taɓa samun nasara mai yawa ba. Jimillar ayyukanta a matsayin mai zane mai fenti ƙarami ne, sama da kwamitocin gilashi 30 kawai. Yanzu ana kallon aikinta a matsayin mai mahimmanci kamar manyan masu zane mai fenti a wancan lokacin. "Ta hanyar mai da hankali kan rayuwa da aikin Geddes, Bowe ta ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga fahimtarmu game da wannan zamanin zinare na gilashin fenti na Burtaniya" 

An zaɓi littafin Bowe game da Geddes don shiga cikin jerin sunayen waɗanda za su fafata a gasar Apollo Awards ta Littafin Shekara a 2016. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Nicola Gordon ta auri mai zane-zane kuma masanin tarihin lambu Patrick "Paddy" Bowe a Leixlip Castle a shekarar 1974. Suna zaune ne tsakanin Ranelagh, South Dublin da Glenmalure, County Wicklow. 'Yarsu Venetia (an haife ta a shekarar 1991) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce.

## Mutuwa
Bowe ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani a ranar 4 ga Janairu 2018 a Dublin, Ireland bayan gajeriyar rashin lafiya. 

## Littattafai da aka zaɓa

## Manazarta