Ruby Hurley

**Ruby Hurley** (Nuwamba 7, 1909 - Agusta 9, 1980) ɗan Amurka ne mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a. Ta kasance shugaba a Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama kuma mai gudanarwa na NAACP, kuma an santa da "Sarauniyar 'yancin jama'a". 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Ruby Ruffin a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, 1909, a Washington, DC, ga Alice da Edward R. Ruffin. Bayan da ta sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Dunbar a 1926,  ta halarci Kwalejin Ma'adinai na Ma'adinai (yanzu ana kiranta Jami'ar gundumar Columbia ) da Robert H. Terrell Law School . Ta yi aiki a takaice ga gwamnatin tarayya da kuma bankin masana'antu na Washington.  Ta auri William L. Hurley, Laftanar a Rundunar Sojojin Amurka na Injiniya  a cikin 1942. Sun ƙare auren a 1952.  

A cikin 1939, Hurley yana cikin kwamitin da aka ba da alhakin shirya wasan kwaikwayo daga Marian Anderson, mawaƙin opera Ba-Amurke wanda ' ya'yan juyin juya halin Amurka suka hana shi yin waka a zauren Tsarin Mulki . Kwamitin ya sami damar tabbatar da canjin wurin kuma Anderson ya yi a wani budaddiyar kide-kide a kan matakan tunawa da Lincoln a gaban taron mutane 75,000. 

## Yin aiki tare da NAACP
A cikin shekaru hudu masu zuwa, Hurley ya yi aiki don sake tsara reshen DC na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru (NAACP), yana ƙarfafa majalisar matasan su. Walter Francis White, wanda ya jagoranci NAACP, ya nada Hurley a matsayin Sakatariyar Matasa ta kasa a 1943. Ta koma birnin New York kuma ta zauna a wannan aikin har zuwa 1950.

A cikin 1951, ta ƙaura daga New York zuwa Birmingham, Alabama, don kafa ofishin NAACP da kuma kula da tafiyar membobin a Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, da Florida. Shi ne ofishin NAACP na farko na dindindin wanda ke cikin Deep South .  Ta zama Sakatariyar Yanki na sabon ofishin shiyyar Kudu maso Gabas na NAACP a shekara mai zuwa. 

A lokacin da take a Kudu, Hurley "ta yi aiki a matsayin Bakar fata a duniyar mutum - maza da bakar fata," kamar yadda dukkan shugabannin NAACP da kwamitoci da kusan duk wadanda ke kula da gwamnatoci da kasuwanci maza ne.  Bayan da *Brown v. Hukumar Ilimi* ta yanke hukunci a cikin 1954, Hurley ya yi aiki don aiwatar da haɗin gwiwar launin fata a Kudu. 

A cikin 1955, Hurley ya shiga tare da masu fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a Amzie Moore da Medgar Evers, wanda shi ne Sakatare na filin a ofishin NAACP na Mississippi, wajen binciken kisan gillar da aka yi wa minista George W. Lee da Emmett Till mai shekaru 14.   Domin yin hira da shaidu game da shari'ar Till, Hurley ya sa tufafin masu tsinin auduga.  Daga baya ta shiga rangadin don jawo hankalin al'ummar kasar baki daya kan bala'in.

Yayin da take aikata rashin tashin hankali na Kirista, ta bayyana a bangon mujallar *[[Jet (magazine)|Jet]]* na Oktoba 6, 1955, fitowa tare da taken karanta "Mafi yawan Matan Negro a Kudu".  A cikin 1956, Hurley ya taimaka wajen shirya shari'ar Autherine Lucy don ba da izinin shiga Jami'ar Alabama .  Kariyar Hurley na ƙungiyoyin da aka ware sun wuce Baƙin Amurkawa, kamar lokacin da ta yi Allah wadai da wasiƙar anti-Semitic da ake rarrabawa a Birmingham ta hanyar rubuta "Ba zai yi wahala a wanke irin wannan ƙiyayya ba yayin da mutane da yawa ke magana game da shi." 

A lokacin da take aiki da NAACP a kudu, Hurley ta yi tafiya fiye da mil 40,000 ta bas da mota, sau da yawa ita kaɗai.  Ƙoƙarin Hurley ya gamu da ƙiyayya a fili kuma ta fuskanci haɗari akai-akai. An kai wa gidanta hari kuma an kira ta ta wayar tarho na batsa. Bayan tarzoma a harabar jami'ar Alabama, direbobin tasi bakar fata sun ba da kariya, inda suka zagaya gidanta. 

A lokacin tafiye-tafiyenta, manne wa ka'idodinta na rashin cin abinci a gidajen cin abinci daban-daban ya haifar da wahalhalu: "Ba zan taɓa cin abinci a wuraren da aka keɓe ba. Don haka, idan na gudu daga mashaya Hershey, ban ci ba ... sau da yawa sa'o'i ashirin da hudu ba ni da abin da zan ci." 

An tilastawa Hurley tserewa daga Alabama da dare a ranar 1 ga Yuni, 1956, bayan da jihar ta hana NAACP aiki a can. Ta koma Atlanta inda ta bude ofishin yanki bayan watanni hudu. Hedkwatar ta zama wurin mai da hankali ga masu shirya yancin ɗan adam kuma Hurley yayi aiki tare da Vernon Jordan . Jordan da Fredericka Thompson Bradley sun taimaka wa Charlayne Hunter-Gault da Hamilton E. Holmes wajen samun shiga Jami'ar Jojiya a 1961.  Bayan kisan Medgar Evers a 1963, Hurley ya shawo kan gwauruwarsa Myrlie ta sa shi shiga cikin makabartar Arlington National Cemetery . 

## Mutuwa da gado
Hurley ya yi ritaya a ranar 31 ga Maris, 1978, kuma ya zama shugaban kungiyar Matan Methodist ta United. Ta mutu a ranar 9 ga Agusta, 1980, a Atlanta.  Gidan Chattanooga–Hamilton County NAACP yana karɓar lambar yabo ta Ruby Hurley Hoto na shekara-shekara.  A cikin 2009, an nuna Hurley tare da Ella Baker akan tambarin 42-cent. 

## Manazarta