Raymond Mhlaba

**Raymond Mphakamisi Mhlaba** OMSG (12 Fabrairu 1920 - 20 Fabrairu 2005) ya kasance mai fafutukar yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata, dan gurguzu kuma shugaban jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC) wanda ya zama firimiya na farko na Gabashin Cape. Mhlaba ya shafe shekaru 25 na rayuwarsa a gidan yari. Sanannen da aka yanke masa hukunci tare da Nelson Mandela, Govan Mbeki, Walter Sisulu da sauransu a cikin Kotun Rivonia, ya kasance memba na ANC da Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Afirka ta Kudu (SACP) duk tsawon rayuwarsa. Halinsa na kirki ya kawo masa laƙabin "**Oom Ray**" ("Uncle Ray" a cikin Afrikaans).

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An haifi Mhlaba a ƙauyen Mazoka da ke gundumar Fort Beaufort, a gabashin Cape, kuma ya yi karatu a Cibiyar Jakadancin Healdtown amma ya yi murabus saboda matsalar kuɗi. Mhlaba ya fara aiki a wurin wanki a Port Elizabeth bayan ya bar makaranta a shekarar 1942.

Ya haɗu kuma ya auri matarsa ta farko, Joyce Meke, wacce ita ma daga yankin Fort Beaufort ne a shekarar 1943. A cikin shekaru 17 da suka yi tare, kafin rasuwarta a wani hatsarin mota a shekarar 1960, sun haifi ‘ya’ya uku Bukeka, Nomalungelo da Jongintshaba. A shekarar 1982, Mhlaba, wanda ya kasance fursunan siyasa a tsibirin Robben tun a shekarar 1964, an mayar da shi gidan yarin Pollsmoor inda ya samu izini na musamman na ya auri matarsa Dideka Heliso a shekarar 1986, wacce ta haifi ‘ya’ya uku Mpilo, Nomawethu da Nikiwe.&#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

== Farkon aikin siyasa ==
Mhlaba ya fara aiki a wurin wanki a [[Port Elizabeth]] bayan ya bar makaranta a shekarar 1942. Mummunan yanayi a wurin wanki ya sa shi zama ɗan ƙungiyar kasuwanci kuma ya zama shugaban ƙungiyar ma'aikatan wanki da ba na Turai ba a shekarar 1943. A shekarar 1943, ya shiga jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Afirka ta Kudu, ya zama sakataren jam'iyyar daga shekarun 1946 har zuwa lokacin da aka dakatar da jam'iyyar a shekarar 1950. A shekarar 1944, ya zama memba na African National Congress. Daga shekarun 1944 Mhlaba ya ci gaba da zama memba biyu na ANC da SACP. Ya kai matsayin ANC ya zama shugaban reshen [[Port Elizabeth]] na ANC daga shekarun 1947 zuwa 1953, sannan aka zaɓe shi a kwamitin zartarwa na Cape.

Mhlaba shine na farko da aka kama saboda rashin biyayya ga dokokin wariyar launin fata a lokacin yakin neman zabe na ƙasa baki ɗaya na 1952 tare da Govan Mbeki da Vuyisile Mini na tsawon watanni uku a ''Rooi Hel'' ('Red Hell' ko North End Kurkuku, Port Elizabeth). An kaddamar da yakin ne a Port Elizabeth lokacin da Mhlaba ya jagoranci gungun masu aikin sa kai masu rera wakokin 'yanci ta kofar "Whites Only" na Sabon tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Brighton. Wannan aikin ya sa ake masa laƙabin [[Harshen Xhosa|Xhosa]] "Vulindlela" ko "wanda ya buɗe hanya." A wannan shekarar, an tuhumi Mhlaba a ƙarƙashin dokar hana gurguzu ta Afirka ta Kudu. Duk da cewa harkoki na siyasa sun ci gaba, an hana shi halartar taro ko taro.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

Kafin ya tafi ya taimaka wa Mandela wajen rubuta kundin tsarin mulkin Umkhonto. A  shekarar 1962 Mhlaba ya koma Afirka ta Kudu, ya zama kwamandan MK bayan kama Nelson Mandela.&#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

Bayan da aka dakatar da ANC a ranar 8 ga watan Afrilu a ƙarƙashin dokar ƙungiyoyin da ba ta halatta ba, jam'iyyar ta fara gwagwarmayar makamai ta kafa reshenta na soja [[Umkhonto we Sizwe]]. Mhlaba na ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda aka ɗauka na farko kuma an tura shi ƙasar Sin don samun horon da soji. A shekarar 1961, ya shafe watanni goma a ƙasar Sin, inda ya yi karatu a makarantar koyon aikin soja ta Nanjing. A farkon shekarun 1960, Mhlaba ya yi tafiya zuwa sansanonin soji na [[Umkhonto we Sizwe]] a [[Moroko|Maroko]] da [[Aljeriya]] da kuma zuwa wasu ƙasashe don yin shawarwarin neman tallafin soji. 

== Shari'ar Rivonia ==
A ranar 11 ga watan Yulin 1963 gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta Afirka ta Kudu ta kai hari a hedikwatar jam'iyyar ANC ta ƙarƙashin ƙasa a Rivonia, arewacin Johannesburg. Mhlaba da wasu 10 shugabannin ANC da SACP ciki har da Ahmed Kathrada, Walter Sisulu da Govan Mbeki an kama shi kuma Nelson Mandela ya riga ya kasance a gidan yari. An tuhume su da laifin zagon ƙasa da kuma haɗa baki don kifar da gwamnati.A ranar 9 ga watan Oktoba 1963, Shahararriyar Shari'ar Rivonia ta duniya tare da duk <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">**' &#x5B; &#x5D; da laifin cin amanar ƙasa. A ranar 12 ga watan Yunin 1964, Mhlaba, Mandela da wasu shugabannin jam'iyyar ANC guda bakwai aka yankewa hukuncin ɗaurin rai-da-rai, kuma dukkansu an tura su zuwa tsibirin Robben amma an tura Denis Goldberg farar fata zuwa gidan yari na Pretoria maimakon tsibirin Robben.

## Gwagwarmaya daga kurkuku
A lokacin da yake a tsibirin Robben, Mhlaba da sauran 'yan jam'iyyar ANC sun kafa babban kwamandan ko kuma babbar ƙungiyar ANC tare da Mandela a matsayin shugabanta. Kwamitin ya ilmantar da tallafa wa ’yan uwa da ke ɗaure, ya tsara manufofi kan matsalolin yau da kullum, korafe-korafen fursunoni, da yajin aiki, tare da tilasta ladabtarwa a cikin sashin keɓensu.Idan aka waiwayi lokacin da suka yi a tsibirin Robben Mandela ya ce game da Mhlaba: "Na san shi a matsayin mai kawo zaman lafiya. Ya ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo yana kira ** &#x5B; &#x5D; uwansu fursunoni da su manta da bambance-bambancen da ke tsakaninsu, su haɗa kai domin yanayin fursunoni su inganta."

## Saki daga kurkuku
Bayan da aka sake shi daga kurkuku a ranar 15 ga watan Oktoba 1989, an zaɓe shi a matsayin babban mai zartaswar a jam'iyyar ANC na ƙasa da kuma kwamitin tsakiya na jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Afirka ta Kudu. Ya zama shugaban ta na SACP a shekarar 1995.

A cikin watan Janairu 1994 an zaɓe shi a matsayin wanda ANC ta zaɓa a matsayin Premier na Gabashin Cape, kuma a cikin watan Mayu 1994 aka zaɓe shi a wannan muƙamin. Ya taimaka wajen kafa gidan sarakunan gargajiya. Daga nan ya zama babban kwamishinan Uganda da Ruwanda, har sai da ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 2001. A watan Afrilun 2001 ya fitar da littafin tarihinsa, wanda ya ruwaito shi kuma Thembeka Mafumadi ya yi bincike kuma ya haɗa shi. Ya kasance shugaban wata ƙungiyar ƙarfafa tattalin arziƙin baƙar fata da ke da hannu a aikin tashar jiragen ruwa na Coega, amma ya sami bugun jini a ranar 19 ga watan Yuli 2003, yana murmurewa cikin sauri.

## Mutuwa
A shekara ta 2004, Mhlaba ya kamu da cutar kansar hanta, kuma a watan Disamba likitoci sun sallame shi daga wani asibiti mai zaman kansa inda suka ce babu wani abin da za su iya yi masa. A ranar 20 ga watan Fabrairun 2005 ya rasu a asibiti. An ba shi jana'izar jiha a ranar 27 ga watan Fabrairu 2005. Mhlaba ya rasu ya bar ‘ya’yansa maza uku da mata biyar, matarsa Dideka Mhlaba ta rasu a ranar 18 ga watan Janairun 2010. 

## Martaba
Ana kallon Mhlaba a matsayin babban memba na ANC da SACP. An ba shi lambar yabo ta Isitwalandwe Medal a shekarar 1992 saboda rawar da ya taka a gwagwarmayar 'yanci, da kuma lambar yabo ta Moses Kotane a shekarar 2002 saboda gudunmawar da ya bayar ga SACP.

Ƙaramar Hukumar Nkonkobe wacce ta haɗa da Alice da garin Mhlaba na Fort Beaufort an sake masa suna Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality.  Cibiyar Mulki da Jagoranci ta Raymond Mhlaba a Jami'ar Nelson Mandela ta yi suna don girmama shi. 

Andries Pretorius street, R30 a Bloemfontein an sake masa suna Raymond Mhlaba don karrama shi. Akwai reshen ANC mai suna a Mpumalanga, yankin Nkangala, yankin Thembisile Hani ward 11 a Verena.

## Manazarta