Tsabtace bakin teku

**Tsabtace bakin teku** ko **tsaftacewa** shine tsari na cire datti mai ƙarfi, sinadarai masu yawa, da tarkacewar kwayoyin da aka ajiye a kan rairayin bakin teku ko bakin teku ta hanyar ruwa, baƙi na gida, ko masu yawon bude ido. Mutane suna gurɓata rairayin bakin teku tare da kayan kamar kwalabe da jaka na filastik, filastik straws, Kayan kamun kifi, matattarar sigari, zobba shida, abin rufe fuska da sauran abubuwa da yawa waɗanda galibi ke haifar da lalacewar muhalli. Kowace shekara daruruwan dubban masu sa kai suna share rairayin bakin teku da bakin teku a duk duniya don tsaftace wannan tarkace. Wadannan kayan kuma ana kiransu "karamin ruwa" ko "ƙazantar da ruwa" kuma yawan su yana ƙaruwa saboda ayyukan anthropocentric.

Akwai wasu manyan hanyoyin tarkace na rairayin bakin teku kamar masu amfani da rairayin teku, teku, raƙuman teku, da kwararar kogin. Yawancin Masu amfani da rairayin bakin teku suna barin datti a kan rairayin kan teku bayan ayyukan. Har ila yau, tarkace na ruwa ko sunadarai kamar su man fetur daga teku ko teku kuma suna tarawa a kan rairayin bakin teku. Bugu da ƙari, koguna da yawa suna kawo wasu birane sharar gida zuwa rairayin bakin teku. Wadannan gurɓataccen abubuwa suna cutar da rayuwar teku da muhalli, Lafiyar ɗan adam, da Yawon shakatawa na bakin teku. Binciken Hartley et al.'s (2015) ya nuna cewa Ilimin muhalli yana da mahimmanci don kawar da gurɓataccen rairayin bakin teku da yawa a kan rairayin rairayin kan teku da yanayin ruwa.

## Rushewar ruwa

Akwai dalilai guda biyu na lalacewa muhalli na ruwa da tarkacewar ruwa: dakarun kai tsaye (ci gaban jama'a, Ci gaban fasaha, da Ci gaban tattalin arziki) da dakarun kusa  (canjin ƙasa da hanyoyin masana'antu).  Za mu iya tunanin dakarun kai tsaye a matsayin ainihin dalilin da ya sa muke cinye kayayyaki da yawa ta hanyar masana'antu. Yawan amfani da kayayyaki yana haifar da tarkace na ruwa saboda an shirya kayayyakin ta hanyar kayan da ba a sake amfani da su ba kamar filastik. Gilashin sharar gida ba za su iya lalacewa cikin sauƙi a cikin yanayi ba kuma tsarin lalacewar su yana ɗaukar dubban shekaru zuwa miliyoyin shekaru amma filastik yana rushewa cikin ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa (> 5 mm) wanda ake kira micro-plastics.   Don haka, ana kiran irin waɗannan kayan sharar gida da tarkace na ruwa waɗanda za a iya gani duk ta bakin teku da rairayin bakin teku da yawa a duniya. Akwai yiwuwar samun tushen tarkace na ruwa da yawa kamar ƙasa, ruwa, da sauran ayyukan ɗan adam.&nbsp;

Miliyoyin tan na kayan sharar gida irin su filastik, takardu, katako, da karafa sun ƙare a cikin teku, teku, da rairayin bakin teku ta hanyar iska, raƙuman teku (babban girke-girke biyar), datti, runoff, ruwan hadari da koguna. Adadin usetarkace na ruwa ya zama babbar barazana ga yanayin ruwa, rayuwar ruwa da bil'adama. Yawancin tushen ƙasa ba bisa ka'ida ba ne, wuraren zubar da shara, da man fetur da sauran masana'antu. Har ila yau, wasu tushen ruwa sun samo asali ne daga ayyukan ruwa na anthropocentric waɗanda ke da layin kamun kifi, raga, igiyoyin filastik ko wasu kayayyakin man fetur daga tsibirai ko ƙasashe masu nisa, jiragen ruwa ko jiragen kamun kiɗa ta iska da ruwan teku. Tushen tarkace na ruwa kuma ayyukan anthropocentric ne na al'ummomin yankin kamar masu zuwa rairayin bakin teku, masu yawon bude ido da birni ko gari.

Montesinos et al., (2020)  nazarin jimlar abubuwa 16,123 na rairayin bakin teku don tantance tushen tarkace na ruwa a wuraren wanka 40 a bakin tekun Cádiz, Spain. Binciken ya nuna cewa tushen 88.5% na filastik, 67% sigari, da zane-zane suna da alaƙa da aikin masu zuwa rairayin bakin teku da masu yawon bude ido, 5.5% na sutura na auduga, wanka mai laushi, tawul na tsabta, tampons, da condoms suna da alaƙar fitar da ruwa mai guba a wuraren da ke kusa da koguna da bakin koguna. Bayan haka, tushen layin kamun kifi na 2.1%, raga, da 0.6% Styrofoam suna da alaƙa da ayyukan kamun kiɗa da tushen ruwa. Bayan haka, wasu tarkace na ruwa sun nuna cewa wasu jiragen ruwa na kasa da kasa ko masu yawon bude ido sun zubar da su kai tsaye a cikin teku a kan rairayin bakin teku daga kasashe daban-daban kamar akwati na abinci mai wuya (daga Portugal), kwalban kwalba (Morocco), kwalban mai tsabta (Turkey), mai rufe abinci da sauran abubuwan da suka shafi kewayawa (Jamus). Binciken Montesinos et al.'s (2020)  ya nuna cewa wasu tarkace na ruwa na iya tafiya daruruwan kilomita kuma ya ƙare da nisa daga asalinsa saboda teku da raƙuman teku.

Har ila yau, tsibiran wurare masu zafi da na wurare masu zafi wurare ne masu zafi da gurɓacewar ruwa kamar yadda tarkacen ruwa na cikin gida da na waje ke fama da shi sosai.  de Scisciolo et al. (2016)  nazari akan rairayin bakin teku guda goma tare da rairayin bakin teku da iska na Aruba wanda shine ɗayan ƙananan tsibiran Antilles da ke cikin Kudancin Caribbean Sea . Suna ƙoƙarin tantance bambance-bambancen tarkacen ruwa a cikin macro (> 25&nbsp;mm), tarkace (2-25&nbsp;mm) da ƙananan tarkace (
Fayil:Tulum_beach_cleaning.JPG|Beach cleaning vehicles
Fayil:Tenerife_beach_cleaning_C.jpg|Beach cleaning vehicles
Fayil:Tenerife_beach_cleaning_D.jpg|After beach cleaning by a cleaning vehicle
Fayil:OilCleanupAfterValdezSpill.jpg|Oil beach cleaning
Fayil:Micro_Ocean_Plastic.jpg|Micro-plastic


## Manazarta