Beatrix Hamburg

**Beatrix Ann Hamburg** (née **McCleary** ; Oktoba 19, 1923  – Afrilu 15, 2018) ta kasance likitan tabin hankali yar Amurka wacce tsawon aikinta a fannin ilimin likitanci ya bunkasa fannin ilimin tabin hankali na yara da matasa. Hamburg ita ce ta farko da aka sani 'yar Afirka Ba'amurkiya da ta halarci Kwalejin Vassar, kuma ita ce mace ta farko 'yar Afirka Ba'amurkiya da ta halarci Makarantar Likitanci ta Yale. Hamburg ta yi karatun farfesa a Stanford, Harvard, Mt. Sinai da kuma - kwanan nan - a Kwalejin Likitanci ta Weill Cornell . Ta kasance a Kwamitin Shugaban Kasa kan Lafiyar Hankali a karkashin Shugaba Jimmy Carter . Hamburg ta kasance shugabar Gidauniyar William T. Grant, kuma ta jagoranci sashen ilimin tabin hankali na yara a Jami'ar Stanford da Mount Sinai.  Da farko za ta shiga fannin ilimin likitanci na yara, amma ta sami kanta tana sha'awar ilimin tabin hankali. Ta yi bincike kan ƙuruciya, ba da shawara ga takwarorinta, da yara da matasa masu ciwon suga. Ta kasance memba na Kwalejin Likitanci ta Kasa kuma abokiyar ƙungiyar American Association for the Advancement of Science. Ta sami kyautar Foremother Award saboda nasarorin da ta samu a rayuwarta daga Cibiyar Bincike ta Ƙasa don Mata da Iyalai a 2012. 

Hamburg ta auri David A. Hamburg, wani likitan ilimi wanda ya yi bincike kan lafiyar kwakwalwa, kuma su biyun sun yi aiki tare kan ayyuka da yawa a lokacin aikinsu.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Beatrix Ann McCleary ga Minor McCleary da Beatrix Ann Downs a ranar 19 ga Oktoba, 1923, a Jacksonville, Florida . Mahaifinta likitan tiyata ne wanda ya mutu tun tana ƙarama. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan rasuwarsa, sun ƙaura zuwa Long Island da ke New York, don su zauna tare da kakanninta na uwa. A can, mahaifiyarta wadda mijinta ya mutu da kakanninta suka rene ta. Mahaifiyarta malamar makaranta ce kuma ma'aikaciyar jin daɗin jama'a yayin da kakanta limamin Methodist ne, kakarta kuma mai kula da gida ce. Tarbiyarta ta nuna muhimmancin ilimi sosai.

## Aiki da bincike
Hamburg ta yi aiki mai yawa a fannin ilimin tabin hankali. Ta yi aiki a sassan ilimin tabin hankali na Jami'ar Stanford, Jami'ar Harvard, Mount Sinai, Makarantar Likitanci ta Icahn, da Kwalejin Likitanci ta Weill Cornell a wurare daban-daban a rayuwarta. Ta mayar da hankali kan mafi yawan ayyukanta kan matakan samartaka da gwagwarmayar da matasa dole ne su shawo kanta.  Ta kuma yi kira ga matasa da su ba da shawara ga matasa a shekarun 1960 da 1970. Ta yi imanin cewa matasa suna amfana sosai daga ba da shawara ga junansu, maimakon daga wani babban mutum. Za su koyar da junansu kan batutuwa da yawa, kamar ilimi, batutuwan zamantakewa, lafiyar kwakwalwa da damar yin aikin sa kai.  Ta kuma yi bincike game da tasirin damuwa da hanyoyin magance matsalolin da suka shafi tare da mijinta. Abubuwan da suka yi nazari a kansu sun haɗa da duk wani abu daga damuwa ta jiki da baƙin ciki zuwa talauci da yaƙi. A shekara ta 2004, sun rubuta wani littafi mai suna " Koyon Rayuwa Tare: Hana Ƙiyayya da Tashin Hankali a Ci gaban Yara da Matasa ".  Wannan littafin ya mayar da hankali kan koyar da yara yadda za su magance da kuma shawo kan ƙiyayya ta hanyoyi masu kyau. Ta yi bincike game da yadda abubuwan damuwa kamar ciwon suga da kuma daukar ciki a lokacin ƙuruciya za su iya shafar ci gaban yara, sannan kuma ta yaya hakan zai shafe su a lokacin da suka girma. 

Hamburg da mijinta suna cikin irin wannan yanayin aiki kuma daga baya sun yi aiki tare a kan ayyuka da yawa. Sun sami lambar yabo ta Rhoda da Bernard Sarnat ta Duniya ta 2007 a fannin Lafiyar Hankali daga Cibiyar Magunguna saboda dogon aikinsu a fannin likitanci da hidimar jama'a,   yayin da a watan Oktoban 2015, ma'auratan suka sami kyautar Pardes Humanitarian Prize a fannin Lafiyar Hankali ta Gidauniyar Bincike ta Brain & Behavior Research Foundation don girmama gudummawar da suka bayar wajen fahimtar lafiyar kwakwalwa. 

Ta sami kyautar *Foremother* daga Cibiyar Bincike ta Ƙasa don Lafiya a shekarar 2012 saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga al'umma. 

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## Rayuwa ta sirri
Hamburg ta haɗu da mijinta na gaba David, likitan ilimi wanda ya yi bincike kan lafiyar kwakwalwa, lokacin da suke ɗalibai a Jami'ar Yale a 1948. Su biyun sun yi aure a 1951,  kuma sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu: Eric, mai shirya fina-finai, da Margaret, likita wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin kwamishinan Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna a ƙarƙashin Shugaba Barack Obama.  

Hamburg ta mutu sakamakon cutar Alzheimer a gidan 'yarta a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 2018, tana da shekaru 94.  

## Manazarta