Sophie Adlersparre

**Carin ''Sophie'' Adlersparre**, wacce aka fi sani da sunan alkalami **Esselde** (an haife ta **Leijonhufvud** ; a ranar 6 Yuli 1823 – 27 Yuni 1895)  ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin majagaba na ƙungiyar yancin mata na ƙarni na 19 a Sweden . Ita ce ta kafa kuma editan mujallar mata ta farko a Scandinavia, *Bita na Gida* ( *Tidskrift för hemmet* ), a cikin 1859–1885; wanda ya kafa Abokan Hannun Hannu ( *Handarbetets vänner* ) a cikin 1874–1887; wanda ya kafa kungiyar Fredrika Bremer ( *Fredrika-Bremer-förbundet* ) a cikin 1884; kuma daya daga cikin mata biyu na farko da suka zama memba na kwamitin jiha a Sweden a 1885.

## Rayuwa
Sophie Adlersparre, haifaffen gidan Leijonhufvud, diyar Laftanar Kanal Baron Erik Gabriel Knutsson Leijonhufvud da Sofie Emerentia Hoppenstedt. Ta yi karatu a asirce a gida, sannan ta shafe shekaru biyu a makarantar karewa, gaye Bjurström Pension ( *Bjurströmska pensionen* ) a Stockholm .  A 1869, ta auri babban kwamandan Axel Adlersparre (1812-1879) kuma ta zama uwar 'ya'yansa biyar. An bayyana mijinta a matsayin mai goyon bayan ayyukanta na gyara zamantakewa. 

Sophie Adlersparre ta kasance mai sha'awar marubucin mata Fredrika Bremer kuma ta shiga cikin batutuwan mata ta hanyar abokantaka da Rosalie Roos, wacce ta koma Sweden tare da sha'awar 'yancin mata a 1857 bayan ta shafe shekaru da yawa a Amurka.  A wannan lokacin, an yi taron jama'a a Sweden game da yancin mata wanda littafin Fredrika Bremer na 1856 *Hertha* ya haifar. Tattaunawar ta haifar da kawar da kula da mata marasa aure da ba da rinjaye na shari'a ga mata (1858-63) da kuma kafa makarantar mata ta farko ta mata, Makarantar Advanced Teachers' Seminary ( *Högre lärarinneseminariet* ) a cikin 1861.

## ''Binciken Gida''
A cikin 1859, Sophie Adlersparre da Rosalie Roos sun kafa *Home Review* ( *Tidskrift för hemmet* ), mujallar mata ta farko a Scandinavia, tare da tallafin kudi na uwargidan salon Fredrika Limnell . Ita ce dandali na farko na yau da kullun don muhawara kan 'yancin mata, matsayin jinsi, da kuma batun mata a Sweden, kuma an samu nasara nan take.  Adlersparre da Roos sun raba matsayin editan shugaban har zuwa 1868, lokacin da Roos ya yi ritaya kuma Adlersparre ya ci gaba da zama babban editan.  A matsayinta na 'yar jarida, an san ta da sunan alkalami "Esselde". A cikin 1886, An soke *Bita na Gida* kuma an maye gurbinsa da sabuwar mujallar mata *Dagny* . Adlersparre ya yi aiki a matsayin babban editan *Dagny* daga 1886 zuwa 1888 kuma ya kasance a kan hukumar takarda har zuwa 1894. 

## Aikin mata
Sophie Adlersparre ba ta mai da hankali kan zaɓen mata ba, kodayake an ba wa mata damar zaɓe na birni a Sweden a 1862. Babban abin da Adlersparre da mujallarta suka fi mayar da hankali kan gwagwarmayar zamantakewar al'umma shi ne samun damar mata don samun ilimi da kuma sana'o'i, wanda zai ba su damar samun 'yancin kai na kuɗi. Kamar yadda ta ce, "Mata suna bukatar aiki, aiki kuma yana bukatar mata".

A cikin 1862, ta shirya darussan maraice don mata don ilmantar da su a matsayin ƙwararru.  A cikin 1863, ta kafa ofishin sakatariya wanda ya zama hukumar samar da aikin yi mai nasara.  A cikin 1864, wahayi daga surukarta na gaba, Sofia Adlersparre, ta roki majalisar dokokin Sweden don ba wa mata damar yin karatu a Royal Swedish Academy of Arts daidai da sharuddan maza. A lokacin, Jami'ar ta ba wa mata damar yin karatu a kan lokaci na musamman, kuma ko da yake ta kasance mai nasara mai fasaha, Sofia Adlersparre ba a yarda ta yi karatu a can ba. Bukatar Sophie Adlersparre ta haifar da muhawara a majalisa, kuma a ƙarshe an yi gyara a shekara ta 1864 da ba wa mata damar yin karatu a Kwalejin a kan sharuddan maza. 

A cikin 1866, ta haɗu tare da kafa ɗakin karatu na Stockholm ( Stockholms läsesalong ), wanda ya zama ɗakin karatu kyauta ga mata waɗanda suka yi aiki don haɓaka damar mata don samun ilimi da sana'o'i. Manufarta da dakunan karatu na kyauta ga mata shine: "Don ci gaba da ilimin kai da kuma hangen nesa mai zurfi game da rayuwa".

Sha'awarta ga ilimin mata ba wai kawai burinta na ganin mata sun kware sosai ba, har ma da burinta na ganin sun taka rawar gani a cikin al'umma. A cewarta, "Idan muna fata da kuma tsammanin shigar mata a cikin ayyukan sake fasalin al'umma, mafi mahimmanci shi ne cewa wannan aikin ya shirya sosai".  An gabatar da sauye-sauyen ilimin mata da yawa a wannan lokacin. Bayan Kwamitin Makarantar 'Yan Mata na 1866 ( *Flickskolekommittén 1866* ) sake fasalin, an ba mata damar samun ilimin jami'a (1870-1873) kuma an ba makarantun sakandare mata tallafin jiha (1874). A cikin 1885-1887, Adlersparre ya kasance memba na Kwamitin Makarantar 'Yan mata na 1885 ( *Flickskolekommittén 1885* ), wanda gwamnati ta sanya shi don yin bincike da kuma ba da shawarar gyara ga tsarin ilimin mata.  Wannan shine kwamiti na farko a Sweden da ya sami membobin mata: Sophie Adlersparre da Hilda Caselli . Bugu da ƙari, wanda ya kafa makarantar mata kuma darekta Maria Henschen ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar Adlersparre.  Adlersparre ta kasance farkon memba na ƙungiyar mata Nya Idun, ta shiga cikin 1885, a wannan shekarar da aka kafa ta. 

## Sauran aiki
A cikin 1864-1865, ta shiga cikin kafa kungiyar Red Cross ta Sweden . 

A cikin 1874, Adlersparre ya kafa Abokan Hannun Hannu ( *Handarbetets vänner* ) tare da Hanna Winge kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugabar ta har zuwa 1887.  Makasudin kafa wannan kungiya dai shi ne a kara inganci da kuma matsayin sana’o’in hannu na mata, wanda a lokacin ya kasance wata muhimmiyar hanyar samun kudin shiga ga mata masu bukatar dogaro da kai.

Adlersparre ya shiga cikin yanayin adabin Sweden. Ta kasance mai sha'awar Viktoria Benedictsson kuma ta tallafa wa Selma Lagerlöf da kudi yayin aikinta. A cikin shekaru na ƙarshe na rayuwarta, ta yi aiki a kan tarihin Fredrika Bremer, amma bai iya kammala shi ba.

## Fredrika Bremer Association
Sophie Adlersparre watakila an fi saninsa da wanda ya kafa kungiyar Fredrika Bremer ( *Fredrika-Bremer-Förbundet*, FBF) a 1884, kungiyar kare hakkin mata ta farko a Sweden, mai suna Fredrika Bremer marubucin mata. A bisa ka'ida, mai goyon bayan 'yancin mata Hans Hildebrand an nada shi a matsayin shugabar hukumar ta FBF, saboda Adlersparre ya yi imanin cewa za a dauki shi da muhimmanci idan namiji ne ya jagorance ta. Duk da haka, Adlersparre ya yi aiki a matsayin shugabar gaskiya har zuwa mutuwarta a 1895, lokacin da Agda Montelius ya gaje ta.  Adlersparre ya ji cewa yana da mahimmanci ga maza su kasance wani ɓangare na aikin don daidaitawa, kuma ban da mata irin su Ellen Anckarsvärd (wanda ake magana da ita a matsayin magajinta a cikin 'yancin mata na Sweden), Ellen Fries, Gertrud Adelborg da Fredrika Limnell, ta maraba da maza irin su Hans Hildebrand da Gustav Sjöberg .  Manufar kafa kungiyar ita ce "aiki don samun ci gaba cikin koshin lafiya da kwanciyar hankali wajen daukaka mata ta fuskar tarbiyya da tunani da zamantakewa da tattalin arziki". Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan FBF shine bayar da tallafin karatu, wanda Mathilda Silow ya shirya. 

## Ganewa
An ba Sophie Adlersparre lambar yabo ta *Illis qurum meruere laboures* a 1895 saboda gudunmawar da ta bayar ga al'ummar Sweden. 

## Manazarta