Bella Akhmadulina

**Izabella Akhatovna Akhmadulina** () Akhatovna Әхмәҙулina, Tatar;  an haifev ta 10 ga watan  Afrilu 1937 - 29 ga Nuwamba 2010) mawakiya  ce ta Soviet  yar kasar  Rasha, marubuciyar gajeren labari, kuma mai fassara, wacce aka sani da matsayinta na rubuce-rubuce. Ta kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar wallafe-wallafen New Wave ta Rasha. Joseph Brodsky ya ambaci ta a matsayin mafi kyawun mawakiya  mai rai a cikin Harshen Rasha. An san ta a Rasha a matsayin "muryar zamanin".

Duk da matsayin da aka ambata a sama na rashin siyasa na rubuce-rubucenta, Akhmadulina sau da yawa tana sukar hukumomi a Tarayyar Soviet,  kuma tana magana da goyon bayan wasu, ciki har da masu karɓar kyautar Nobel Boris Pasternak, Andrei Sakharov, da Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn.  An san ta da masu sauraro na duniya ta hanyar tafiye-tafiye zuwa kasashen waje a lokacin Khrushchev Thaw, a lokacin da ta bayyana a filayen wasa da aka sayar.  Bayan mutuwarta a shekara ta 2010 tana da shekaru 73, Shugaban Rasha Dmitry Medvedev ya yaba da waƙarta a matsayin "mashahuriyar wallafe-wallafen Rasha".

*[[New York Times|Jaridar New York Times]]* ta ce Akhmadulina "ko da yaushe an san ta a matsayin daya daga cikin dukiyar wallafe-wallafen Tarayyar Soviet da kuma mawaki na gargajiya a cikin dogon layi wanda ya kai daga Lermontov da Pushkin. "  Sonia I. Ketchian, a rubuce a cikin The Poetic Craft of Bella Akhmadulina, ta kira ta "ɗaya daga cikin manyan mawaƙa na karni na 20. Akwai Akhmatova, Tsveta, Mandelstam, da Pasternak - kuma ita ce ta biyar. "

## Rayuwa ta farko, ilimi da ayyukanta
An haifi Bella Akhmadulina a Moscow a ranar 10 ga Afrilu 1937, ɗa kaɗai ne na Akhat Valeevich Akhmadulin, mahaifin Tatar da Nadezhda Makarovna Lazareva, mahaifiyar Rasha-Italiya. An kwashe su zuwa Kazan lokacin da Yaƙin Duniya na II ya ɓarke.

Ayyukan wallafe-wallafen Akhmadulina sun fara ne lokacin da take yarinya a makaranta tana aiki a matsayin 'yar jarida a jaridar Moscow, *Metrostroevets*, da kuma inganta ƙwarewarta ta waka a wani da'irar da mawaki  ya shirya. Waƙoƙinta na farko sun bayyana a cikin mujallar *Oktoba* bayan da aka amince da su ta hanyar sanannun mawaƙa na Soviet.  [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] An buga waɗannan waƙoƙin farko a cikin 1955.  Mai sukar Émigré Marc Slonim ya bayyana burinta kamar haka a cikin 1964 (Litattafan Rasha na Soviet): "Muryarta tana da irin wannan tsabtar sautin, irin wannan wadatar sauti, irin wannan mutumcin magana, cewa idan ci gabanta ya ci gaba za ta iya samun nasara wata rana a matsayin "mafi girman mawakiyar mace mai rai a Rasha". 

Bayan kammala makaranta, Akhmadulina ta shiga Cibiyar Nazarin Maxim Gorky inda ta kammala a shekarar 1960. Yayinda take karatu a cibiyar, ta wallafa waƙoƙinta da labarai a cikin jaridu daban-daban, na hukuma da na hannu. Ta kasance batun zargi a cikin *Komsomolskaya Pravda* a shekara ta 1957.  An kore ta a shekara ta 1959 (amma an ba ta izinin sake shiga yayin da lokaci ya ci gaba) sakamakon adawa da tsananta wa Boris Pasternak. A cikin 1962 an buga tarin waƙoƙinta na farko, mai taken *Struna* (The String),   kuma ya kasance babban nasara. Duk da cewa an share ta, an buga yawancin tarin ayoyinta daga baya: *Darussan kiɗa* (1970),  *Waƙoƙi* (1975), *Candle* (1977),  *Mafarki na Georgia* (1977), The Mystery (1983),  Coastline (1991), da sauransu. Wani tarin da ake kira Sad (Garden) ya kai ga Akhmadulina karbar Kyautar Jihar USSR a shekarar 1989.  

"Kwari da yawa da kare ɗaya", wani ɗan gajeren labari da aka rubuta a cikin salon surreal, an buga shi a cikin 1979 a cikin Samizdat's Metropol Almanac .  Ta taimaka wajen kirkirar Metropol .  Ta rubuta litattafai game da Alexander Pushkin da Mikhail Lermontov . 

Ta bayyana a filayen wasa da aka sayar a cikin shekarun 1960, kamar yadda mawaƙa Yevgeny Yevtushenko, Andrei Voznesensky da Robert Rozhdestvensky suka yi.

An buga wasikar budewa don tallafawa Andrei Sakharov da aka yi gudun hijira. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1993, ta sanya hannu kan Wasikar Forty-Two . 

Ta kasance 'yar jarida a fim din 1964. 

Bella ta shiga cikin abubuwan waka da yawa na kasa da kasa ciki har da Kuala Lumpur International Poetry Reading (1988). 

Bayan Tarayyar Soviet ta buga Casket and Key (1994), A Guiding Sound (1995) da One Day in December (1996). 

### Fassara
Babban jigogi na ayyukan Akhmadulina shine abota, soyayya, da dangantaka tsakanin mutane. Ta rubuta litattafai da yawa game da mawaƙa da masu fassara na Rasha, wasu sun ba da kansu ga abokinta na kusa, Bulat Okudzhava . Akhmadulina ta guji rubuta waƙoƙin siyasa, amma ta shiga cikin abubuwan da suka faru na siyasa a lokacin ƙuruciyarta, tana tallafawa abin da ake kira "motsi mai adawa". Ta fassara waƙoƙin Rasha daga Faransa, Italiya, Chechnya, Poland, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Georgia, Armenia, da sauransu da yawa.

Akhmadulina ya rubuta a cikin salon "mai tsayayya da siyasa". Ta yi amfani da hotuna da ban dariya a cikin aikinta. Ta yi amfani da Quatrains a cikin ayyukanta na farko, wanda ya tattauna abubuwan da suka faru na yau da kullun, duk da haka abubuwan da suka dace daga rayuwar yau da kullun a cikin harshe wanda ke cike da Archacism da neologisms. Addini da falsafar sun zama jigoginta yayin da ta tsufa kuma ta rubuta a cikin siffofi masu tsawo.

Aure na farko na Bella a shekara ta 1954 ya kasance ga Yevgeny Yevtushenko, wani sanannen mawaki na zamanin; mijinta na biyu, wanda ta auri a shekara ta 1960, shi ne Yuri Nagibin, babban marubuci da marubuci. Auren ta na uku a 1971 ga darektan fim din Eldar Kuliev ya samar da 'yar, Elizaveta Kulieva, wacce ita ma mawaki ce. A shekara ta 1974, ta auri mijinta na karshe, sanannen mai zane-zane kuma mai tsara wasan kwaikwayo Boris Messerer . Suna da gidaje a Peredelkino da Moscow.

* Wanda ya lashe Kyautar Jihar USSR (1989) 
* Kyautar Jiha ta Tarayyar Rasha  (2004) 
* Dokar Abokantaka ta Al'umma (1984) 
* Order of Merit for the Fatherland, aji na 2 (11 ga Agusta 2007) - don gudummawa mai ban mamaki ga ci gaban wallafe-wallafen ƙasa da shekaru da yawa na ayyukan kirkira; aji na 3 (7 ga Afrilu 1997) - don hidimomi ga Jiha da kuma gudummawa mafi ban mamaki ga Ci gaban wallafe'ikan ƙasa
* Laureate na Gidauniyar "Banner" (1993) 
* Wanda ya lashe "Nosside" (Italiya, 1994) 
* Laureate na "Triumph" (1994) 
* Wanda ya lashe Kyautar Pushkin (1994) 
* Laureate na Shugaban Tarayyar Rasha a fagen wallafe-wallafen da fasaha (1998) 
* Wanda ya lashe "Brianza" (Italiya, 1998) 
* Wanda ya lashe mujallar "Friendship of Peoples" (2000) 
* Wanda ya lashe kyautar Bulat Okudzhava (2003) 
* Mai girmamawa memba na Kwalejin Fasaha ta Rasha
* A ranar 10 ga Afrilu 2017, Google Doodle ta yi bikin cika shekaru 80 da haihuwa.

## manazartan