Kisan kiyashin Oran na 1962

**Kisan kiyashin Oran na 1962** (5-7 Yuli 1962) shine kisan gillar da aka yi wa Pied-Noir da turawa da ke zaune a Aljeriya. An yi shi a Oran tun daga ranar da Aljeriya ta samu 'yancin kai, kuma ya ƙare a ranar 7 ga watan Yuli 1962. Kiyasin waɗanda suka mutu ya bambanta daga ƙananan 95 (20 daga cikinsu sun kasance Turai)  zuwa 365 mutuwar bisa ga rahoton da ƙungiyar masana tarihi suka gudanar kuma aka aika zuwa gwamnatin Faransa a shekarar 2006. 

## Tarihi

Yakin Aljeriya dai ya kasance tun shekara ta 1954. Yarjejeniyar Évian ta ranar 18 ga watan Maris 1962 ta kawo ƙarshen rikici. Yarjejeniyar wacce aka cimma a lokacin da aka tsagaita buɗe wuta tsakanin sojojin Faransa da kungiyar 'yan kishin *[[National Liberation Front (Algeria)|ƙasa]]*  ta FLN, ta fara shirin miƙa mulki daga hannun Faransawa zuwa Aljeriya. Yarjejeniyar Évian ta yi niyya ne don tabbatar da haƙƙin  *pieds-noirs*, Faransa da  Spain mazauna 'yan mulkin mallaka, da yawa waɗanda aka haifa a Aljeriya, da Yahudawan Sephardi na asali a cikin Aljeriya mai cin gashin kanta. Koyaya, jirgin Faransa *pied-noirs* da ƴan asalin ƙasar Faransa masu goyon bayan Faransa ya fara ne a cikin watan Afrilu 1962, kuma a ƙarshen watan Mayu dubban ɗaruruwan sun yi hijira daga Aljeriya, musamman zuwa babban birnin Faransa. A gaskiya ma, a cikin makonni, kashi uku cikin huɗu na pieds-noirs sun sake zama a Faransa.

Da alama an kawo ƙarshen rikici da makami, gwamnatin Faransa ta sassauta matakan tsaro a kan iyakar Aljeriya da Maroko, wanda ya baiwa 'yan tawayen FLN damar tafiya cikin Aljeriya. 'Yan adawa da da yawa daga cikin sojojin Faransa sun yi adawa da neman *<nowiki/>'yancin kai*, kuma ƙungiyar masu adawa da 'yancin kai armée secrète (OAS) ta fara wani gangami na nuna adawa da gwamnatin Faransa, tare da ayyana sojojinta a matsayin "ikon mamayewa".  Kungiyar OAS ta yi wani harin bam da ya kashe kimanin 'yan Aljeriya 10 zuwa 50 a kowace rana a cikin watan Mayun 1962.  Rikicin ya yi tsanani sosai a Oran har mutanen da ke zaune a yankunan Turai suka bar su da sauri; wasu daga cikin musulmi sun bar Oran suna shiga cikin garuruwa, ko garuruwan da ba su da yawan jama'ar Turawa.  Hakazalika OAS ta ayyana manufar "ƙasar ƙanƙara" don hana gine-ginen da Faransa ta gina da ci gaba ga gwamnatin FLN na gaba, manufar da ta kai ga ƙarshe a ranar 7 ga watan Yuni 1962 lokacin da OAS Delta Commando ya kona ɗakin karatu na Algiers da kundinsa 60,000 tare da tarwatsa zauren garin Oran, ɗakin karatu na birni, da makarantu huɗu.  A ranakun 25 da 26 ga watan Yuni 1962, kwamandojin OAS sun kai hari tare da yin fashin bankuna shida. 

Oran ya kasance wuri mai mahimmanci musamman a Aljeriya na Faransa. Oran ya yi fice don yanayin alƙaluman sa na musamman. A cikin ƙidayar jama'a ta 1931, sama da kashi 80% na mazaunan sun kasance Turawa, adadin da ya ƙaru sosai bayan shekara ta 1939 lokacin da sabon yunƙurin Spaniya suka yi ƙaura zuwa wurin don tserewa Yaƙin basasa na Spain.  Tashe-tashen hankula sun faru a Oran tun daga ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, musamman tsakanin al'ummomi daban-daban. A cikin shekarar 1930s, Oran's bullring ya zama babban filin kamfen na sake fasalin cibiyoyin Aljeriya; kuma a cikin shekarar 1936 da 1937, ya kasance gida ne don yajin aikin da ya girgiza birnin.  Wani abin da ya faru tsakanin ‘yan yajin da waɗanda ba yajin aikin a tsawon wannan lokaci, ya kai ga ‘yan sanda sun yi harbin kan mai uwa da wabi, kuma a wasu wurare a cikin birnin, an kai wa ‘yan sanda hari da duwatsu.  Da yake magana game da Oran a lokacin tsaka-tsakin, ɗan tarihi Claire Marynower ya bayyana Oran a matsayin "wuri da aka canza siyasa da tsattsauran ra'ayi, yana jefa cikin batutuwan agaji na cikin gida waɗanda suka shafi duk daular Faransa." 

## Lamarin
A safiyar ranar 5 ga Yulin 1962, ranar da Aljeriya ta samu 'yancin kai, wasu *katiba* (kamfanonin) na sojojin FLN sun shiga birnin, wasu Turawa suka yi musu luguden wuta.  Wasu fusatattun ’yan iskan Larabawa sun shiga cikin unguwannin *pied-noir*, waɗanda tuni aka bar su da yawa, suka far wa sauran *’yan baranda*. Rikicin dai ya ɗauki tsawon sa’o’i da dama, inda ‘yan zanga-zangar suka yanke makogwaro ga ɗimbin maza da mata da ƙananan yara. An kawo ƙarshen kisan kiyashin ne da tura dakarun Gendarmerie na Faransa. 

‘Yan sandan Aljeriya da kuma sojojin Faransa 18,000 da ke birnin ba su shiga tsakani a kisan kiyashin ba.  Umarnin su daga Paris "kada ku motsa", yana barin *pieds-noirs* masu rauni. Mutane da yawa *pied-noirs* sun yi imanin cewa kisan kiyashin wani furci ne na manufofin FLN kuma ya zaɓi yin hijira zuwa Faransa. 

A shari'ar 1963 na Jean Bastien-Thiry, wanda ya yi yunkurin kashe Shugaba de Gaulle, lauyoyin kare sun yi magana game da kisan kiyashin Oran. Sun ce abin da Bastien-Thiry ya yi ya dace saboda de Gaulle ya yi sanadin kisan kiyashi ga al'ummar Turai na Aljeriya.

Kiyasin jimillar waɗanda suka mutu ya bambanta sosai. Wannan bai kebanta da kisan kiyashin Oran ba, domin akwai ƙalubale da dama na gano adadin kashe-kashen fararen hula. Kusan koyaushe ana samun bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin alkalumman ƙididdiga ko da a ƙanana da na gida. 

* Dokta Mostefa Naït, darektan bayan samun 'yancin kai na cibiyar asibitin Oran, ya yi iƙirarin cewa an kashe mutane 95, ciki har da Turawa 20 (13 daga wuka) kuma mutane 161 sun ji rauni  tare da jaridu na gida suna ba da adadi a cikin yankin 30 a cikin kwanaki bayan haka. 
* Kungiyar masana tarihi a cikin shekarar 2006 sun nuna an kashe 365. 
* Wata jarida a cikin gida ta ba da adadi na mutane 1,500 da aka kashe ba tare da cikakken bayani ba kuma ba su da tushe  kuma an yi ta raɗe-raɗin mutuwar dubban mutane, tare da tsohon shugaban jam'iyyar National Front Jean-Marie Le Pen ya yi ikirarin mutuwar mutane 700. 

Adadin da aka kashe dai ya kasance batun muhawara ga masu rajin kare hakkin bil adama a Faransa musamman. 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin kisan kiyashi a Aljeriya

## Manazarta