The Fox and the Grapes

**Fox and the Inabi** yana ɗaya daga cikin Tatsuniyoyi na Aesop,  mai lamba 15 a cikin Perry Index .  Labarin a taƙaice yake kuma labaran da suka biyo baya sau da yawa haka suke. Labarin ya shafi dila wanda ya yi ƙoƙarin cin inabi daga itacen inabi amma bai iya isa gare su ba. Maimakon ya yarda da shan kaye, ya ce ba a so su. Kalmar "inabi mai tsami" ta samo asali ne daga wannan tatsuniya. 

## Tatsuniya
Tatsuniyar The Fox and the Inabes tana ɗaya daga cikin kaɗan daga cikin waɗanda suka ƙunshi jarumi ɗaya kawai na dabba. Akwai nau'ikan Girkanci da yawa, da kuma ɗaya a Latin na Phaedrus (IV.3) wanda ke da ɗan gajeren bayani:

A cikin sigar La Fontaine's Fables, Marianne Moore ta jaddada maganarta mai ban dariya game da lamarin a cikin wani salon magana na ƙarshe, "Ina tsammanin, ya fi kuka mai ɗaci". 

Duk da cewa tatsuniya ta bayyana halin mutum kawai, karin maganar Ingilishi "inabobin tsami", wanda ya samo asali daga labarin, yanzu ana amfani da shi sau da yawa don nuna ƙiyayya ga wani abu ga wasu. Akwai irin waɗannan maganganu a wasu harsunan Turai da Asiya,   wani lokacin yana gabatar da 'ya'yan itace daban-daban. A ƙarni na 12, Peter Abelard ya ce wani sigar da dila yake bin ceri ya zama abin karin magana;  shi ma an rubuta shi a wannan ƙarni ta marubucin Aimeric de Peguilhan .  A cikin sigar Scandinavian dila yana yin sharhi game da rowanberries, tunda ba a saba samun inabobi a cikin latitudes na arewa ba.  A cikin Rashanci, ba kalma ɗaya ba ce kawai biyu da aka samo daga fassarar Ivan Krylov na La Fontaine. Duk da yake "Green ne inabi" (Зелен виноград) ya zama amsa ga disparagement,  Krylov's a baya nuni, "Ido iya gani amma hakori ba dandana" (Хоть видит око, да зуб неймет), yanzu karin magana. 

## La Fontaine's ''Le Renard et les Raisins''

Tatsuniyar Faransa ta La Fontaine (III.11) kusan takaitacciyar hanya ce kuma mai nuna alama kamar farkon sigar Babrius da Phaedrus kuma tabbas ta ba da gudummawa ga shaharar labarin. Shekaru ɗari bayan buga shi, wannan shine labarin da mai sassaka Pierre Julien ya zaɓi ya haɗa mahaliccinsa a cikin mutum-mutuminsa na La Fontaine (wanda aka ƙaddamar a 1782), wanda yanzu yake cikin Louvre . An nuna mawaƙin a cikin wani sanannen labarin rayuwarsa, lokacin da wata safiya Duchess na Bouillon ta gan shi zaune a kan bishiyar bishiya tana bimbini. Lokacin da ta wuce wuri ɗaya a wannan maraice har yanzu yana nan a daidai wannan matsayi. Julien ya nuna shi cikin babban alkyabba, tare da itacen da ke da ƙaya wanda itacen inabi ke hawa. A kan gwiwarsa akwai rubutun waƙar; a ƙafafunsa, wani dila yana zaune a kan hularsa da tafin hannunsa a kan wani littafi da aka ɗaure da fata, yana kallonsa sama.

Misalin Gustave Doré na tatsuniyar da aka yi a bugun 1870  ya nuna wani saurayi a cikin lambu wanda ke kallon matakalar wani gida a nesa inda 'yan mata da yawa suka taru. Wani dattijo yana ɗaga babban yatsansa da yatsansa, yana nuna cewa su ƙananan 'yan mata ne kawai. Ma'anar wannan canjin zuwa yanayin ɗan adam ya dogara ne akan ma'anar 'marasa nuna isa' ( *vert* ) a cikin Faransanci, wanda kuma za a iya amfani da shi ga mace mai rashin balaga ta hanyar jima'i. Daga wannan ne aka gano ƙaramin labarin, wanda fassararsa ta zahiri ta ce:

Akwai irin wannan rashin tabbas na jima'i a cikin Girkanci na Babrius. Kalmar da ke wurin ita ce "  "(  ), kalmar   yana da ma'anar gaske ta innabi mara nuna da kuma amfani da ita a matsayin misali na yarinya da ba ta kai ga aure ba.

## Rashin fahimtar fahimta
Maimakon ya yarda cewa ya kasa kaiwa ga 'ya'yan inabin, dila ya yi jayayya cewa ba lallai bane abin so. Wani mai sharhi ya yi jayayya cewa labarin yana nuna yanayin rashin jituwar fahimta . Ana ɗaukar dila a matsayin ƙoƙarin riƙe ra'ayoyi marasa jituwa a lokaci guda, sha'awa da takaicinsa. A wannan yanayin, rainin da dila ya nuna a ƙarshen tatsuniya yana aiki a matsayin hanyar kariya ta tunani ta hanyar rage rashin jituwa ta hanyar suka. Jon Elster ya kira wannan tsarin halayen tunani "ƙirƙirar fifiko mai daidaitawa". 

## Fassarar da aka yi taƙaice
Fassarori da yawa, ko na tatsuniyar Aesop ko ta La Fontaine, suna da kalmomi masu yawa kuma galibi suna ƙara cikakkun bayanai waɗanda asalin ba su amince da su ba. Marubutan Ingilishi biyu sun samar da gajerun sigar waƙoƙi waɗanda har yanzu suna riƙe da layukan labarin gabaɗaya da darasinsa. Na farko daga cikinsu shine quatrain na Aphra Behn wanda ya bayyana a cikin bugu na zane na Francis Barlow na tatsuniyoyi (1687):

Tatsuniya kuma ta kasance wadda mawaƙin Faransa Isaac de Benserade ya taƙaita a cikin quatrain guda ɗaya, ba sai ya yi cikakken bayani ba tunda baitocinsa suna tare da mutum-mutumin da ke cikin labyrinth na Versailles . Saboda haka, zai iya yin magana mai zurfi da kuma ɗabi'a:

Amma Benserade ya ƙara wani quatrain, yana hasashe kan yanayin tunanin dila; a ƙarshe ya yarda cewa 'ya'yan inabin sun nuna amma 'abin da ba za a iya ci ba, kuna magana mara kyau'. 

## Amfani da fasaha
Ɗaya daga cikin farkon masu zane-zane na La Fontaine shine mai zane Jean-Baptiste Oudry,  wanda kuma shi ne darektan fasaha a ayyukan Beauvais da Gobelins. Sakamakon haka, an samar da jerin littattafai bisa tatsuniyoyi na La Fontaine da Oudry ya tsara a shekarun 1740 kuma sun haɗa da "The Fox and the Inabents". Waɗannan sun kasance a cikin samarwa na tsawon shekaru arba'in kuma wasu masana'antu a Faransa da ƙasashen waje sun yi koyi da su,  ba wai kawai a matsayin rataye bango ba har ma a matsayin murfin kujera da sauran manufofin gida. Masu sana'ar kayan daki a Faransa suma sun yi amfani da tatsuniyoyi a matsayin jigogi kuma sun ɗauki waɗannan tare da su lokacin da suka yi ƙaura. Daga cikinsu akwai Martin Jugiez (wanda ya rasu a 1815), wanda ya yi wani bita a birnin Philadelphia na Amurka inda aka samar da akwatin aljihun Fox and Inabents da ke raye. 

Ayyukan faranti na Sèvres sun yi amfani da tatsuniyoyi a kan sinadiran su da kuma sake kwaikwayon mutum-mutumin Pierre Julien daga wani samfurin farko a 1784, tun kafin a nuna samfurin da aka gama.  Wani amfani na cikin gida na tatsuniyoyi shine a matsayin lambar yabo ta gine-gine a wajen manyan gidaje, wanda har yanzu akwai misali tun farkon karni na 19 a kan titin Felix Fauré da ke Paris.  An samar da lambar yabo ta wani nau'in, wadda Jean Vernon (1897–1975) ya yi da tagulla, a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin waƙoƙinsa masu shahara bisa ga tatsuniyoyi a shekarun 1930. Taken "The Fox and the Inabi" ya ƙunshi dila biyu suna tahowa a kan wani trellis wanda ya yi kama da nasara fiye da ƙirƙirar La Fontaine. 

An yi amfani da tatsuniyoyi iri-iri a Ingila tun daga farkon zamani. Ainihin wannan ya faru ne a ƙasar Sin kuma ya haɗa da kyandir na Chelsea (1750) da kuma kwalbar Worcester (1754) a ƙarni na 18;  farantin haruffan Brownhills (1888) a ƙarni na 19;  da kuma bugu na mai tattarawa daga tukunyar Knowles (1988) a ƙarni na 20.  Jerin da ya dogara da tatsuniyoyi na Aesop ya shahara da tayal ɗin hoto zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, wanda Minton Hollins ya samar da misali mai kyau wanda ke kwatanta "The Fox and the Inabi". A kan wannan, vixen yana tare da 'ya'yanta, waɗanda ke tsalle-tsalle a kan inabin yayin da uwar ke tunanin su da tafukan hannunta a bayanta. 

Akwai kuma saitunan kiɗa masu zuwa:

* Louis-Nicolas Clérambault a farkon karni na 18
* Benjamin Godard, na biyar daga cikin waƙoƙinsa na *Six Fables de La Fontaine* don murya da piano (op. 17, 1872–79) 
* Louis Lacombe in *Fables de La Fontaine*, (op. 72 1875)
* Charles Lecocq, na farko daga cikin wakokinsa na *Six Fables de Jean de la Fontaine* don murya da piano (1900)
* Mario Versepuy (1882-1972) don murya da piano (1921) 
* Marie-Madeleine Duruflé, ta uku daga cikin *waƙoƙinta 6 na Fables de La Fontaine* don ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta cappella (1960) 
* Herbert Callhoff a cikin fassarar Jamusanci (1963)
* Ned Rorem, ɗaya daga cikin 'wasan opera biyar masu gajeru' a cikin *Tatsuniyoyinsa* (1971). A matsayin wani ɓangare na fassarar Marianne Moore na La Fontaine, wannan ɓangaren ya fi kama da cantata don ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta biyu da kuma mawakin tenor (wanda ke wakiltar fox); aikinsa duk yana cikin kiɗan shirye-shirye. 
* Andre Asriel, *Der Fuchs und die Trauben*, na huɗu na *6 Fabeln nach Aesop* don gauraye muryoyin cappella (1972). 
* Bob Chilcott, yana cikin fassarorin Turanci guda biyar a cikin littafinsa *na Aesop's Fables* don piano da mawaƙa (2008). 

## "Fox da Inabi" a wasu harsuna
An yaɗa "Fox and the Inabi" zuwa al'adu daban-daban ta hanyar Aesop's Fables.

* ' Yar ƙasar Macedonia : "'Inabi suna da kyau amma har yanzu ba su kai ba,' in ji dila lokacin da ba ta iya isa gare su ba." 
* Farisa : "Bai iya isa ga innabi ba, sai ya ce, 'Har yanzu bai nuna ba [yana da tsami]." 
* Ɗan ƙasar Hungary : "Yayin da yake tafiya, dila ya ta'azantar da kansa: 'Inabin inabi sun yi tsami, don haka ba su dace da ni ba tukuna." 

Al'ummomin harsunan arewa suna da wata sabuwar al'ada, inda dila ke nufin 'ya'yan itacen arewa da aka saba da su maimakon 'ya'yan inabin da ba a saba da su ba. A ƙasashen Scandinavia, a zahiri, rowanberry ne dila ke korafi a kansa, kamar yadda yake a cikin Danish,  Norwegian,  Swedish,  da Finnish . 

## Duba kuma

* Rashin fahimtar fahimta
* Guba ga karnuka da inabi
* Ra'ayin tunani (ilimin halayyar ɗan adam)

## Manazarta