Carol Szathmari

**Carol Szathmari** (Romania: Carol Popp de Szathmari, Hungarian: Szathmáry Pap Károly; 11 Janairu 1812, Kolozsvár &#x2013; 3 Yuli 1887, Bucharest ) ɗan Romanian  mai zane, lithographer, kuma mai  ɗaukar hoto na Transylvanian Hungarian asalin, wanda ya dogara a cikin shekarunsa na Buchare . Ana ganinsa a matsayin wanda ya kafa hoton Romania. Ana kuma la'akari da shi a matsayin mai daukar hoto na farko na yaki a duniya saboda hotunan da ya ɗauka na fagen fama a shekarar farko na yaƙin Rasha da Turkiyya, wanda daga baya aka sani da yakin Crimean .  

## Rayuwa

An haifi Szathmari a garin Kolozsvar, Transylvania (yanzu Cluj-Napoca, Romania ), a cikin 1812.    Da farko ya karanta fannin shari'a a Kwalejin Reformed da ke Cluj.  A lokacin yana da shekaru goma sha takwas ya ƙaura zuwa Bucharest.  Ya karanta zane-zane daga shekarar 1832 zuwa 1834 a Rome,  kuma da komawa Bucharest an ba shi izini akai-akai don ƙirƙirar zane-zane ga Wallachian boyars . Daga baya zai ci gaba da zama sananne a matsayin mai zane-zane na kotun masarautar Romania.  Ya shafe yawancin rayuwarsa a Bucharest, inda ya mutu a shekara ta 1887. 

## Sana'a

A cikin shekarar 1848 Szathmari ya ɗauki hotonsa na farko, ta hanyar amfani da tsarin talbotype, na wani mutum-mutumi mai cin abinci wanda ke da karyewar hannu biyu.    A shekara ta 1850 ya ƙware sosai na tsarin daukar hoto don buɗe ɗakin daukar hoto na kasuwanci a Bucharest . 

Daga cikin wadanda ya ke amfani da shi ɗaukar hotuna a ɗakin studio nasa na Bucharest akwai manyan jami'an sojan Rasha da na Turkiyya.   Wannan haɗin gwiwa ya ba shi damar shiga sansanonin soja na bangarorin biyu a Wallachia, na yaƙin da za a san shi da yakin Crimean .  A cikin shekarar 1853, ya yi amfani da keken keke na musamman sanye da wani daki mai duhu don sarrafa faranti na gilashi tare da rigar collodion, ya tafi bakin kogin Danube da wasu wurare daban-daban,    shimfidar wurare, kagara da wuraren yaki,  inda ya dauki hoton sojoji daban-daban, na Turkiyya da Rasha, kayan aikinsu da kwamandojinsu. 

Szathmari ya baje kolin hotunansa, daure a cikin wani kundi, a Exposition Universelle na shekara ta 1855.  Domin aikinsa da aka gabatar a wurin baje kolin, ya sami lambar yabo na aji na biyu. 

A cikin watan Yuli na wannan shekarar, ya gabatar da kofe na aikinsa ga Sarauniya Victoria a yayin ganawar sirri a Osborne Castle, Isle of Wight, kuma ta ba shi lambar zinare don girmamawa ga aikinsa. 

Ya kuma sadu da sirri a cikin shekarar 1855 tare da Sarkin sarakuna Napoleon III, tare da kasida a *Lumière*, littafin Ɗaukar hoto na Faransanci wanda ke kwatanta taron:"M. de Szathmari, ƙwararren mai ɗaukar hoto daga Bucharest, wanda muka riga muka sanar da zuwansa, ya sami karramawa da Sarkin sarakuna ya karɓe a ranar Laraba da yamma. Mai martaba ya so ya ga duk hotuna da ke daure a cikin albam ɗinsa mai ban sha'awa. ya iya ba da cikakkun bayanai masu ban sha'awa ga Mai Martaba yayin da yake karɓar mubaya'ar sa, Sarkin sarakuna ya taya marubucin wannan tarin ban sha'awa. A wannan shekarar, ya gabatar da kundi guda 95 na hotunansa ga Franz Josef I.   

A cikin Fabrairun shekarar 1860, an umurce shi da ya samar da lithograph na taswirar Wallachia, bisa ga binciken farko da aka yi dalla-dalla na yankin da 'yan Austrian suka yi a lokacin yakin Crimean .

A cikin shekarar 1863, an ba Szathmari laƙabin *Mai zanen Kotun Yarima da Mai daukar hoto* ta Sarkin Romania Alexandru Ioan Cuza da na Sarkin Romania na farko, Carol I.   

A shekara ta 2012, gidan tarihi na Cotroceni da ke Bucharest ya gudanar da wani baje koli na zane-zane da hotunansa 400 na baya-bayan nan, domin murnar cika shekaru 200 da haihuwarsa.  

## Tari
Uku daga cikin Hotunan Szathmari sun haɗa a cikin tarin Gidan Tarihi na Duniya na Hotuna da Fim a Gidan George Eastman, a Rochester, New York : "Zamanin lancer na Rasha a Craiova ", "Bombardment na Silistra " da kuma hoton Lt. General , kwamandan runduna ta 104 na Rasha, wanda aka kashe a yakin Inkerman . 

The Royal Collection a London, Ingila yana riƙe da kundin hotuna wanda Szathmari da kansa ya gabatar wa Sarauniya Victoria a kusa da shekarar 1855.  

Laburaren Ƙasa na Romania yana riƙe da yawancin hotunan Szathmari, ciki har da ayyukansa na kasuwanci, a ƙarƙashin tarin mai suna *Carol Pop de Szathmari hotuna*.

Har ila yau, ana iya samun aikin Szathmari a cikin tarin Milan Jovanović Stojimirović wanda ya ba da kyauta mai yawa na zane-zane da kayan tarihi ga Sashen Fasaha na Gidan Tarihi a Smederevo. 

## Rumbun hotuna

Carol_Popp_de_Szathmary_-_Soldati_francezi_in_bivuac.jpg|alt=French soldiers in bivouac, 1854 painted during the Crimean War| Sojojin Faransa a bivouac, 1854 fentin a lokacin yakin Crimean
Carol_Popp_de_Szathmary_-_Alexandru_Ioan_Cuza1.jpg| Alexandru Ioan Cuza
Szathmari_-_Carol_I_-_1.jpg|alt=Carol I of Romania| Carol I na Romania
Carol_Popp_de_Szathmáry_-_Mihail_Kogălniceanu.jpg| Mihail Kogălniceanu
Carol_Popp_de_Szathmáry_-_I._C._Brătianu,_portret_aşezat.jpg|alt=I.C. Brătianu| IC Bratianu
Carol_Popp_de_Szathmary_-_Nicolae_Grigorescu.jpg| Nicolae Grigorescu
Carol_Popp_de_Szathmary_-_Gheorghe_Tattarescu.jpg| Gheorghe Tattarescu
Carol_Popp_de_Szathmáry_-_Ştefan_Golescu.jpg|alt=Ștefan Golescu| Ƙungiyar Golescu
Carol_Popp_de_Szathmáry_-_Matei_Millo_în_costumaţie_de_teatru,_din_piesa_Paracliserul.jpg| Matei Millo
Carol_Popp_de_Szathmáry_-_Petrache_Poenaru,_portret_aşezat.jpg| Petrache Poenaru


## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

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