Fasahar abinci

**[[Art|fasaha]] abinci** wani nau'i ne na fasaha wanda ke nuna abinci, abin sha, ko abubuwa masu cin abinci a matsayin matsakaici ko batun aikin fasaha don ƙirƙirar nuni mai kyau ko samar da sukar zamantakewa. Ana iya gabatar da shi a cikin nau'i biyu ko nau'i uku, kamar zane ko zane-zane. Fasahar abinci na iya haɗawa da abinci a matsayin matsakaici.

Masu zane-zane na abinci na zamani sun yi gwaji ta amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban da dabaru kamar daukar hoto don canza manufarsa kuma su yi amfani da shi azaman tushen ba da labari, ban dariya da kuma haskaka batutuwan duniya na yanzu, kamar wariyar launin fata  da gwagwarmayar siyasa.  Wasu ayyukan zane-zane na abinci suna amfani da kayan aiki, kamar dutse, don yin amfani da abinci.

## Halaye
Ayyukan fasahar abinci suna da halaye na kansu wanda ya bambanta su daga yadda ake ganin abinci a al'ada don amfani da shi. Suna da nasu siffofi dangane da yadda suke bayyana ga mai kallo, kwarewar da suke bayarwa ga jama'a da ma'anar su.

Ana iya sanya kayan abinci a cikin abubuwa masu gani waɗanda za a iya la'akari da su a matsayin ayyukan fasaha, tunda ba lallai ba ne a yi niyyar cinye su. Hoton da aka yi da man shanu, sukari, masara da sauran kayan aikin gona alama ce ta yau da kullun a baje kolin a ƙarshen karni na 19 da farkon karni na 20 

Ganin cewa, a ƙarshen rabin karni na 20 da karni na 21 sun ga amfani da daukar hoto na dijital ya karu kuma ana amfani da shi azaman sabuwar hanyar isa ga masu sauraron su ta hanyar fasahar zamani. Yawanci ana amfani dashi a cikin yanayin kasuwanci, daukar hoto na abinci yana ɗaukar wakilcin rayuwa na abinci da aka yi amfani da shi don tallace-tallace, marufi, mujallu da menus. Dandalin kafofin sada zumunta kamar Instagram da TikTok sun ba da damar masu fasaha da masu amfani da su raba abubuwan da suka kirkira cikin sauƙi a kan layi kuma su fara abubuwan da suka faru kamar #foodporn da #instafood a sakamakon haka.

### Ayyuka
Ana nuna abubuwan da aka kirkira na gargajiya na abinci a cikin nau'i biyu na rayuwa, amma wasu masu fasahar abinci na zamani sun gwada ta amfani da wasan kwaikwayon a matsayin hanyar bayyanawa don canza fahimtarmu game da batutuwan da ke damun.

Red Hong Yi (wanda aka fi sani da 'Red'), mai zane-zane da gine-gine na Malaysia, ya sake yin hoto mai girman farantin gaba ɗaya daga abinci. Ya zuwa yanzu, Red ya kirkiro ayyukan da ke nuna fuskar Ai Weiwei daga tsaba na sunflower, Jay Chou daga tabo na kofi da sauran gumakan kasar Sin na zamani daga abubuwa daban-daban. Kazalika da ban dariya, ayyukan fasaha suna kalubalantar batutuwan duniya da na siyasa na yanzu tare da aikinta na baya-bayan nan ya haɗa da jerin hotuna na mutanen Asiya daga kayan abinci kamar burodi da ganyen matcha mai taken "Ni ba kwayar cuta ba ce. " Wannan jerin sun yi ƙoƙari su magance wariyar launin fata da tashin hankali a duniya, musamman bayan annobar Coronavirus.

### Kasancewar Masu kallo
Fasahar abinci na iya tambaya, mamakin da Ruwa shiga baƙo ta hanyar ba da fifiko ga hulɗar zamantakewa da shiga cikin taron don samar da tattaunawa game da batun. A cikin 1962, Alison Knowles, wanda ya kafa Fluxus, mai zane-zane da wasan kwaikwayo ya gabatar da aikinta na farko, Make a Salad (wanda ake kira da Proposition # 1: Make a Salat), a Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Zamani a London. Tun daga wannan lokacin an sake shi a wurare daban-daban, kamar Tate Modern a cikin 2008, High Line a cikin 2012, Walker Art Center kuma kwanan nan Art Basel a cikin 2016.  **'Yin Salad**' ya haɗa da Knowles da mahalarta suna shirya da jefa kayan lambu da yawa a cikin tufafi sannan su ba da shi ga masu kallo. A lokacin da aka nuna shi na asali, mai ba da labari, John Cage, ya kirkiro aikin ya zama "Sabon Kiɗa".

Bugu da ƙari, a cikin 1992, mai zane-zane na Thai Rirkrit Tiravanija ya shirya wani taron a cikin 303 Gallery na New York tare da niyyar "haɗa mutane tare". Yayinda yake can, aikin Tiravanija da ake kira Untitled (free) ya kunshi shi yana ba da kwanon rufi kyauta na pad thai curry da shinkafa ga masu halartar gallery don ƙarfafa yanayin zamantakewa inda mahalarta suka taru don shiga cikin aikin.

Ma'anar abinci a ma'anar gargajiya ita ce a yi amfani da ita don aiki da kuma samar da abinci mai gina jiki ta hanyar cinyewa. Ayyukan fasaha waɗanda ke amfani da abinci a matsayin matsakaici na iya zama wakilci kuma suna nuna motsin rai a cikin kwatanci, kamar yadda a cewar mai sukar fasaha Carolyn Korsmeyer, yana iya samar da hangen nesa game da abin da yake nunawa. Koyaya, yana iya zama ba a bayyane ba gabaɗaya saboda yanayin sa na ɗan lokaci. Fassararsu za ta dogara da lokacin da baƙo ke bincika aikin zane.

## Masu zane-zane waɗanda ke nunawa ko amfani da abinci

### Leonardo da Vinci, ''Abincin Ƙarshe'' (1495-1498)
The Painting represents the scene of the Last Supper of Jesus with his disciples from the Gospel of John, 13:21 where he announced that one of them would betray him. It is thought to have been painted between 1495 and 1498. Despite the painting focusing on Judas' betrayal, the depictions of the meal features the dense symbolism of the story with bread and wine incorporated to represent the body and blood of Christ, which he sacrificed on behalf of mankind. Furthermore, plates of fruit and fish, likely eels or herring are displayed upon the tablecloth. Researchers have suggested that although eels would not have been served at the original meal, it is symbolic and popular during the Renaissance period when Leonardo da Vinci produced it.
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### Giuseppe Arcimboldo, The Four Seasons (1563-1573)
A lokacin Renaissance, mai zane na Italiya Giuseppe Arcimboldo ya zana hotuna da yawa na mutane inda siffofin fuska na mutane suka hada da 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan lambu da furanni tare da niyyar ƙirƙirar nishaɗi mai ban dariya da son sani na alama. The Four Seasons, jerin zane-zane huɗu da aka samar tsakanin 1563 da 1573 ga Maximillian II, Sarkin sarakuna na Roma mai tsarki ya wakilci yanayi daban-daban ta hanyar shirye-shiryen 'ya'yan itace, kayan lambu, tsire-tsire da furanni. Kowane zane ya haɗa da 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu da suka dace da lokacin shekara da kuma wannan lokacin. An tsara shi don karkatar da kuma wasa a kan tunanin mai kallo tare da mafarki, aikinsa yana tambayar ra'ayoyin mutane da ra'ayoyi da ke akwai, saboda dole ne su gina hoton da kansu.

### Pieter Aertsen, ''Yanayin Kasuwanci'' (1569)

Duk da yake aikin Leonardo da Vinci na The Last Supper ya mayar da hankali kan addini da Anne Vallayer-Coster kan wadata da wadata, wasu masu zane-zane, kamar Pieter Aertsen sun ɗauki matsayi mafi lalata a cikin nuna abinci a cikin ayyukansa na fasaha. An yi amfani da abinci, a hanyoyi da yawa, don karkatar da hankali ga abu don nuna alamar lalata. Misali, a cikin 1569, Aertsen ya kirkiro wani yanki na kasuwa wanda ke nuna irin waɗannan batutuwa masu taken Market Woman in Berlin. Ya nuna wata mace da ke sunkuya gaba tana riƙe da kabewa a hannu ɗaya da wuka a ɗayan yayin da take kallon mai kallo (maza).

### Anne Vallayer-Coster, Har yanzu ''Rayuwa tare da Lobster'' (1817)
Abinci kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwa, abubuwan da suka faru. Musamman, abin da aka nuna kayan abinci ya ba da labari ta hanyar tunani game da al'adun al'umma kuma ya nuna dukiyar mutum da matsayi, kamar lobster, 'ya'yan itace da nama mai warkewa. Kamar masu zane-zane na Dutch Pieter Claesz da de Heem">Jan Davidsz.  . de Heem, Anne Vallayer-Coster ta yi wahayi zuwa gare ta ta ta hanyar amfani da rubutu don nuna irin wannan wadata tare da zanen ta na ƙarshe Still Life with Lobster (1817).  An nuna shi a Salon kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga Sarki Louis XVIII, aikinta ya nuna tsari mai zurfi na lobster a gaban da ke kewaye da tarin 'ya'yan itace, kayan lambu, nama da akwati na azurfa. An kirkiro shi a matsayin "ƙaddamar da aikinta",  takamaiman dabarar brushstroke da amfani da launuka masu haske don ƙirƙirar fasalin haske a kan kwalba na lobster yana neman yin kira ga cin abinci mai kyau da salon rayuwa na Faransanci da Dutch.

Mai zane-zane na Switzerland-Jamusanci Dieter Roth sananne ne don amfani da abinci a matsayin matsakaici, musamman cakulan. Haɗe da al'adun gargajiya na Switzerland, amfani da cakulan yana nuna sha'awar ƙasa da jin daɗi tare da maganin mai dadi. A tsakiyar shekarun 1960, ya kirkiro jerin ayyuka inda aka nutse abubuwa daban-daban a cikin cylinders na cakulan, wanda ya hada da Untitled (Doll) a shekarar 1969. Sauran ɓangarorin sun yi amfani da babura, jiragen sama na kayan wasa da abubuwan tunawa.

A cikin 1970, mai zane-zane na Switzerland-Jamusanci Dieter Roth ya fara amfani da abinci a matsayin kayan aiki. Ya kirkiro wani yanki mai suna Staple Cheese (A Race), wani abu ne na tseren tsere, wanda ya nuna jakunkuna 37 cike da cuku da aka nuna a ƙasa a Gidan Tarihi na Eugenia Butler, a Los Angeles. Bayan lokaci, cuku ya fara ruɓewa kuma ya ja hankalin kwari da maggots ga ƙyamar mai kallo. William Wilson, mai sukar fasaha, ya sami nishaɗi a cikin nune-nunen da kuma murmushi mai yawa: 
 

## Dubi kuma

* Hoton man shanu
* Fasahar zamani
* Ayyukan abinci
* Fasahar cin abinci
* Hotunan abinci
* Abincin batsa
* Gabatar da abinci
* Abincin abinci
* Fasahar zamani
* Hoton sukari
* Jerin abubuwan tunawa da abinci da abin sha

## Manazarta