Haƙƙin ɗan adam a Turai

Gabaɗaya ana kiyaye haƙƙin ɗan adam a Turai. Koyaya, akwai tauye haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam da yawa, kama daga mu'amalar masu neman mafaka zuwa zaluncin 'yan sanda. Rahoton shekara-shekara na Amnesty International na 2012 ya yi nuni da matsalolin da ke faruwa a ƙasashen Turai da dama. Daya daga cikin wadanda ake zargi shine Belarus, kasa daya tilo a Turai wacce, a cewar The Economist, tana da gwamnati mai iko. Duk sauran ƙasashen Turai ana ɗaukarsu suna da “wani nau’i na mulkin dimokuradiyya”, suna da ko dai “cikakkiyar dimokuradiyya” ko “dimokuradiyya mara kyau” ko kuma “tsarin mulkin kama karya”.

Ba kamar ƙasashe membobinta ba, Tarayyar Turai da kanta ba ta riga ta shiga cikin Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙin Bil Adama ba har zuwa 2011.

## Tarihi
Tarihin haƙƙin ɗan adam a Turai yana da alaƙa da haɗin kai mai cin karo da ci gaban doka da ilimi da take haƙƙin ɗan adam a cikin Turai da ƙasashenta.

### Kafin 1945
1215: Magna Carta

1222: Golden Bull na 1222 na Hungary ya bayyana karo na farko da haƙƙin masu sarauta.

1264: Dokar Kalisz - Babban Yarjejeniya ta Yancin Yanci ya gabatar da dama ga Yahudawa a Poland, wanda ke haifar da "al'umma a cikin al'umma" mai cin gashin kanta.

1367: Dokokin Kilkenny

1463: Sultan Mehmed II's firman ya ba da 'yanci ga Bosnia Franciscan bayan da Ottoman ya ci Bosniya

Karni na 15 zuwa na 19: Kasuwancin bayi na Afirka

1505: Nihil novi a Poland ya hana manoma barin ƙasarsu ba tare da izini daga ubangijinsu ba.

1525: Labari goma sha biyu na Memmingen, Bavaria, Jamus

1529: Dokokin Lithuania

1550-1551: Bartolomé de las Casas muhawara Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda akan 'yancin ɗan adam (muhawara ta Valladolid)

1573: Ƙungiyar Warsaw ta tabbatar da 'yancin addini na dukan mazauna Poland

1650-1660: Limamin Jesuit António Vieira yayi gwagwarmaya don 'yancin ɗan adam na 'yan asalin Brazil kuma ya sami dokokin sarauta game da bautar da su.

1689: An kafa Dokar Haƙƙin Ingilishi

1689: Majalisar Dokokin Scotland ta zartar da Da'awar Dokar Dama 1689

1690: Yarjejeniya ta biyu na Gwamnatin farar hula ta John Locke

1772: Kotun Birtaniya ta yanke hukuncin William Murray, 1st Earl na Mansfield ya kafa misali cewa bautar ba ta da tushe a cikin doka.

1773: Dokar shiga ta 1773 (13 Geo. 3. c. 81) Majalisar Biritaniya ta zartar da ita, ta rufe ƙasar gama gari tare da ba da haƙƙin mallaka na sirri ga filaye waɗanda a da ba su kasance masu zaman kansu ba.

1781: An soke Serfdom a cikin kasashen Habsburg ta hannun sarki Leopold II (Bohemia, Moravia da Austrian Silesia)

### 1783:
An soke Serfdom a cikin Jahar Jamus ta farko, Baden[bayani da ake buƙata]

Poland-Lithuania ta soke hukuncin jiki

1789: An gabatar da Bayanin Haƙƙin Mutum da na Jama'a a Faransa

1790: Hakkokin Mutum na Thomas Paine

1792: Denmark ta sanya cinikin bayi na transatlantic ba bisa doka ba amma haramcin ba zai fara aiki ba kafin 1803 (bautar har yanzu doka).

### 1794:
Faransa ta soke bauta

Sanarwa na Połaniec, Poland, ta soke wani ɓangare na son zuciya kuma tana ba da yancin ɗan adam ga manoma.

1802: Faransa ta sake gabatar da bauta

1804: Dokar Napoleon ta haramta gata bisa ga haihuwa, ya kafa 'yancin addini, kuma ya ƙayyade tsarin da ya dace don ayyukan gwamnati.

1807: Birtaniya ta soke cinikin bayi (amma ba na bautar kanta ba)

1810: Prussia ta kawar da lalata

1832: Dokar sake fasalin Burtaniya ta 1832 ta tsawaita haƙƙin jefa ƙuri'a kuma ta halatta ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci.

1833: Biritaniya ta kawar da bauta

1845: Another United Kingdom Inclosure Act 1845 (8 & 9 Vict. c. 118) allows for the employment of Inclosure Commissioners, who could enclose land without submitting a request to Parliament. Haƙƙoƙin mallaka masu zaman kansu akan filayen da ba a rufe a da sun faɗaɗa.

1848: Faransa ta kawar da bauta

1859: A kan 'Yanci ta John Stuart Mill

1861: Rasha ta soke saɓo

1863: Netherlands ta soke bautar

1867: Dokar sake fasalin Biritaniya ta biyu ta ba da damar yin zabe ga duk masu gida maza na birni

1884: Dokar Wakilcin Biritaniya na Dokar Jama'a ta 1884 ta tsawaita 'yancin zaɓen maza daga garin zuwa ƙasar.

1906: Finland ita ce ƙasar Turai ta farko da ta gabatar da zaɓe na duniya a zaɓen ƙasa

1917: Finland ta tsawaita zaɓe na duniya zuwa zaɓen gida

1918: Wani Wakilin Biritaniya na Dokar Jama'a 1918 ya ba da damar zaɓe ga kusan dukkanin maza, tare da mata masu mallakar dukiya sama da shekaru 30.

1933-1945: Holocaust

### 1945-1984
1954–1956: Biritaniya ta azabtar da kuma kashe akalla 'yan Kenya 50,000 a cikin Tawayen Mau Mau

1954-62: Dukansu Faransa da FLN sun yi amfani da azabtarwa a yakin Aljeriya na 'yancin kai.

1961: 'Yan sandan Faransa sun kashe 'yan Aljeriya masu goyon bayan FLN a wata zanga-zangar lumana da aka fi sani da kisan kiyashin Paris

## Manazarta