Kwalejin Daidaita Suffrage League

The College Equal Suffrage League ( CESL ) wata ƙungiya ce ta mata Ba'amurke da aka kafa a 1900 ta Maud Wood Park da Inez Haynes Irwin ( nee Gillmore), a matsayin wata hanya ta jawo hankalin matasa Amurkawa zuwa yancin mata. Kungiyar ta haifar da samar da rassan koleji a fadin kasar kuma ta rinjayi ayyukan wasu fitattun kungiyoyi irin su National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA).

## Tarihi
Farkon CESL kwanan wata zuwa taron NAWSA na 1900 a Washington, DC Maud Wood Park, mai shekaru 29 mai halarta kuma tsohuwar tsohuwar Kwalejin Radcliffe, ta gane cewa ita ce mafi ƙarancin wakilai.  Damuwa da rashin samari a cikin NAWSA da kuma rashin sha'awar zaɓe a tsakanin matan kwaleji, Park ta yanke shawarar yin aiki don ɗaukar sabbin tsara zuwa yaƙin neman zaɓe. Daga baya ta yi tsokaci game da wannan shawarar:Bayan na ji Miss Anthony magana sai na gane yadda rayuwarta ta kasance, jarumtakar hidimarta ba don kanta ba amma don jima'i, da dai sauransu ga dukan bil'adama. Lokacin da na ji haka, a fili na ji wajibcin hidima na hidimar da Miss Anthony da abokanta masu daraja suka yi sadaukarwa da yawa kuma na yi wa kaina alkawari cewa zan yi ƙoƙari in sa mata da yawa su ga waɗannan abubuwa kamar yadda na gani. Ya kamata matan koleji su gane bashin su ga majagaba waɗanda suka sa iliminmu da ƙwarewarmu ya yiwu. Kamata ya yi a sa su ji wajibcin damar da suke da ita kuma su fahimci cewa daya daga cikin hanyoyin da za a bi wajen biyan wannan bashin shi ne yakar yakin neman zabe a yanzu a cikin kwata na filin da har yanzu ba a ci nasara ba. Tare da Inez Haynes Irwin, wani Radcliffe wanda ya kammala digiri kuma mai goyon bayan zaɓe, Park ya kafa Massachusetts CESL a Boston . Park ya zagaya da kwalejoji a fadin Amurka, yana tattaunawa da tsofaffin daliban kwanan nan da fatan za su karfafa matasan jami'a da daliban sakandare su shiga harkar. Yawon shakatawa na Park ya haifar da samuwar sabbin babi a cikin jihohi 30. 

A cikin 1906, wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar ƙoƙarin CESL da kuma a matsayin hanyar haɓaka gaban jama'a, NAWSA ta fara ɗaukar ɗaliban kwaleji da ƙwazo ta hanyar ɗaukar nauyin "Mareti na Kwalejin" a abubuwan da suka fi girma. 

A cikin 1908, ɓangarorin jihohi daban-daban na CESL sun haɗu don kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Ƙasa kuma ta zama reshe na hukuma na NAWSA. Shugaban Kwalejin Bryn Mawr M. Carey Thomas ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaba na farko da Maud Wood Park a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa. Hukumar ta NCESL ta ci gaba da daukar mutane aikin zabe har zuwa 1917 da kungiyar ta wargaje. Yawancin membobin kungiyar sun ci gaba da taka rawa sosai wajen taimakawa wajen tura Kwaskwarimar Kwaskwarima ta Goma Sha Tara ta hanyar Majalisa, suna yakin neman zabe a matakin tarayya kuma daga baya su yi aiki a kungiyoyi kamar kungiyar masu jefa kuri'a ta mata, wacce ta kafa a 1920.

## Babin Arewacin California
CESL tana da babi mai aiki a Arewacin California wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga tsarin zaben mata na jihar a 1911 .  Suffragists da ke cikin wannan babin sun haɗa da:

* Kate Brousseau 
* Adelaide Brown 
* Genevieve Cooke, Sakatare Mai Gabatarwa 
* Lilien Jane Martin, Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa na Uku 
* Belle Judith Miller 
* Ethel Moore 
* Anna Elizabeth Rude, Treasurer 
* Charlotte Anita Whitney, Shugaba 

## Fitattun mutane

* Susan B. Anthony
* Caroline Lexow Babcock
* Mary Livermore Barrows 
* Louise Bryant
* Elinor Byrn
* Marion Cothren ne adam wata
* María de López
* Rebecca Lane Hooper Eastman
* Sara Bard Field
* Edith Jordan Gardner
* Elsie Hill
* Inez Haynes Irwin
* Harriet Burton Laidlaw
* Margaret Shove Morris
* Maud Wood Park
* Mary Grey Peck
* M. Carey Thomas

## Duba kuma

* Kungiyoyin zaɓen mata
* Jerin sunayen 'yan takarar California
* Jerin sunayen masu zaɓe da masu zaɓe
* Jadawalin zaben mata a California
* Jadawalin zaben mata
* Zaɓen mata a California

## Manazarta

## Kara karantawa

* Graham, Sara Hunter (1996). *Yaran Mata da Sabuwar Dimokuradiyya* . New Haven: Jami'ar Yale Press.
* Knupfer, Anne Meis da Christine Wovshner, ed. (2008) *Ayyukan ilimi na kungiyoyin mata, 1890-1960* . New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
* Mead, Rebecca J. (2004) *Yadda Aka Yi Kuri'a: Mata Suffrage a Yammacin Amurka, 1868-1914* . New York: Jami'ar New York Press.

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Rikodin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙwararren Ƙwararru na Kwaleji a cikin Tarin Haƙƙin Mata, 1904-1920. Makarantar Schlesinger, Cibiyar Radcliffe, Jami'ar Harvard.
* Takardun Maud Wood Park a cikin Tarin Haƙƙin Mata, 1870-1960. Makarantar Schlesinger, Cibiyar Radcliffe, Jami'ar Harvard.
* Bryn Mawrters a matsayin Suffragists: Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Ƙasa 
* Labarai game da Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Kwalejin a Portland, Oregon 1912
* Takardu na wurin shakatawa na Maud Wood a cikin Tarin Haƙƙin Mata  Archived