Hester McFarland Solomon

Hester McFarland Solomon (an haife ta ne a ranar 11 ga Fabrairu 1943 - 5 ga Oktoba 2021) ƙwararren masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ne na Amurka da Birtaniya, mai bincike, malami kuma mai gudanarwa. Ta yi ƙoƙarin cike gibin ƙarni tsakanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na nazari da makarantun ilimin halayyar ɗan adam .

## Iyali da rayuwar farko
An haifi Hester McFarland, babban ɗan'uwa mai 'ya'ya biyu, jaririyar yaƙi a New Haven, Connecticut cikin yanayi mai sauƙi. Mahaifiyarta, ma'aikaciyar jinya, 'yar asalin Poland ce kwanan nan, yayin da mahaifinta, Orrin, ƙaramin ɗan kwangilar gini, ya fito daga dangin Scotland, galibi likitoci ne, waɗanda suka daɗe suna zama a Amurka. A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, iyalin sun ƙaura daga wani gareji da aka mayar da shi zuwa gidan katako a cikin daji, wanda mahaifinta ya gina. Ta yi fice a makaranta kuma adabin Faransanci ya zama darasin da ta zaɓa. Kasafin kuɗin iyalin bai kai ga kuɗin kwaleji ba kuma ta tafi birnin New York don yin aiki a matsayin sakatare don biyan buƙatunta na ci gaba da karatu. Ta yi nasarar samun tallafin karatu a Jami'ar Tufts, inda ta yi karatun Faransanci.  Yayin da take can, *Shirin Matasa na Ƙasashen Waje* ya ba ta damar tafiya zuwa Turai da yin kwasa-kwasan karatu a Sorbonne da ke Paris. Haka kuma ya ba ta damar ziyartar Landan inda ta haɗu da mutumin da daga baya zai zama mijinta, Jonathan Solomon.  Solomon, wanda ya kammala karatunsa a Cambridge, ya ci gaba da yin aiki mai kyau a matsayin babban ma'aikacin gwamnati a lokacin da aka mayar da harkokin sadarwa na Burtaniya mallakar gwamnati.   Bayan kammala karatunsa a farkon shekarun 1960, Hester McFarland ta koma Burtaniya ta yi aure. Ta ci gaba da karatunta na Faransanci kuma ta sami digiri na biyu a Kwalejin King's London . Bayan haka, an haifi ɗa namiji. Duk da haka, sha'awarta ga falsafa da rubuce-rubucen Carl Jung ya sa ta daina karatunta na Faransanci ta kuma ƙirƙiro aiki a fannin nazarin halayyar ɗan adam. 

## Sana'a
Solomon ta shiga aikinta na asibiti a wani lokaci mai kyau a Landan lokacin da aka kafa ƙungiyoyin nazari masu zaman kansu kwanan nan kuma masu sharhi sun ci gaba da samun alaƙa kai tsaye da Jung da ƙungiyarsa ta kusa.  Ta tashi daga cikin sahun al'ummarta, Ƙungiyar Masu Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Burtaniya (daga baya Ƙungiyar Nazarin Jungian ta Burtaniya), ta zama shugabar Majalisar kuma *memba* .  Haɗin gwiwarta na ƙasashen waje ya kai ta ba kawai zuwa Turai ba, musamman Faransa da Belgium, inda ta ba da takardu,  har ma da tafiya zuwa China da Japan. An gane ƙwarewarta ta ƙungiya a shekarar 2010 ta hanyar zaɓenta, a matsayin mace ta biyu kawai, zuwa shugabancin Ƙungiyar Nazarin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Duniya da ke Zürich . Zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarta, tare da rauni a lafiya, ta haɓaka gudanar da Gidauniyar Halayyar Dan Adam ta Burtaniya da ke aiki a cikin yanayi mai zaman kanta na gasa a kan raguwar NHS da tattalin arziki. 

### Ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na nazari
Solomon ya zama mai nazari da kuma mai kula da asibiti a Landan.  An yi amfani da gogewarta da ƙwarewarta ta ilimi a cikin wallafe-wallafe da dama. An riga an yi la'akari da wannan a shekarar 1972, lokacin da likitan tabin hankali Dr. Jack Kahn ya ɗauke ta aiki a matsayin sakatare don littafinsa na gaba, ya amince da ita a matsayin "marubucinsa" lokacin da aka buga aikin a ƙarshe.  Daga baya wannan haɗin gwiwa ya haifar da gyara takardu biyu da aka tattara tare da Elphis Christopher a farkon ƙarni na 20 da kuma wani aikin haɗin gwiwa tare da masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, Mary Twyman, kan ɗabi'un aikin asibiti wanda suke jayayya cewa sun zama ruwan dare a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da kuma nazarin halayyar ɗan adam, duk da bambance-bambancen ka'idoji marasa misaltuwa kan yanayin *tunanin ɗan adam* da aikin da aka yi hasashe.  Wani abin da Solomon ya mayar da hankali a kai shi ne nau'in kariya da mutane ke haɓaka don rayuwa. Ɗaya daga cikinsu ta siffanta shi da *kamar* hali, wani nau'in gini mai layi don kare kai na gaske mai rauni a ciki.  Solomon ya yi maraba da buga littafin Jung da aka daɗe ana tsare da shi na *Liber Novus* a shekarar 2009 a matsayin tushen ka'idojin asibiti da ya yi kuma ta yi nazari sosai a kai. 

## Littattafai da aka zaɓa
Solomon ya buga takardunta na ƙwararru a cikin:

*  

## Manazarta