Elizabeth Wright Ingraham

**Elizabeth Wright Ingraham** (1922 - Satumba 15, 2013) yar Amurka ce mai zane da ilmantarwa. Jikanyar injiniyan Ba'amurke Frank Lloyd Wright,ta yi karatu a ƙarƙashin kulawar sa a ɗakin studio ɗinsa na Taliesin tana da shekaru 15. Daga baya ta kafa aikin gine-gine a Colorado Springs, Colorado,tare da mijinta, Gordon Ingraham, wanda ya bi tsarin gine-gine na Wright.A cikin 1970 ta kafa kamfaninta na gine-gine, Elizabeth Wright Ingraham da Associates, wanda ta jagoranci har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a 2007. An yaba mata da ƙirar gine-gine kusan 150 a Colorado Springs da sauran yankunan yamma. Ta kuma kafa jagoranci Cibiyar Wright-Ingraham, wanda ke gayyatar ɗalibai da malamai masu ziyara zuwa taro da tarurrukan bita kan al'amuran muhalli.An shigar da ita bayan mutuƙar mutuntawa cikin Babban Taron Mata na Colorado a cikin 2014.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Elizabeth Wright a cikin 1922 a Oak Park,Illinois, ga John Lloyd Wright, masanin gine-gine, da matarsa ta biyu Hazel (nee Lundin). Ta kasance jikanyar Frank Lloyd Wright.   

Ta yanke shawarar ci gaba da aikin gine-gine tun tana da shekaru 14. A shekara mai zuwa,ta yi karatu a ɗakin  kakanta, Taliesin, a ƙarƙashin kulawar sa.  Ta ci gaba da karatun gine-gine a karkashin Ludwig Mies van der Rohe a Cibiyar Armor da ke Chicago, kuma ta dauki kwasa-kwasan a Jami'ar California, Berkeley. 

Ta kasance mai tsara aikin sojan ruwa na Amurka a yakin duniya na biyu. Ta sami lasisin gine-ginenta a 1947. 

## Aiki
A cikin 1948, ita da mijinta, Gordon Ingraham, kuma masanin gine-gine,sun koma Colorado Springs, Colorado,don kafa nasu aikin.   Sun zaɓi birnin ne saboda damar ƙira da ƙarancin gasa.  Ingraham & Ingraham, Masu gini gine-gine sun bi salon Usonian da Prairie na Frank Lloyd Wright,suna samar da "masu gidaje masu araha ga manyan aji".   Haɗin gwiwarsu ya samar da ƙirar gida sama da 90 a cikin 1950s,gami da Gidan Beadles a Colorado Springs. Sun kuma tsara gida ɗaya a Arewacin Dakota ( Gidan George da Beth Anderson,sun shiga cikin National Register of Places Historic Places a cikin 2017),da gidaje biyu a Minnesota.  

A shekara ta 1970,Wright Ingraham ta so ta ƙaura daga salon kakanta da haɓaka sabbin hanyoyin gine-gine.  A wannan shekarar ta kafa kamfani nata,wanda ta kira Elizabeth Wright Ingraham da Associates.  Ta ci gaba da tsara kusan gine-gine 150 a Colorado Springs,  gami da Vista Grande Community Church (1987),  fadada reshen Fountain na Laburare na Ƙasar El Paso (2006),   wani babban labari ƙari ga All Souls Unitarian Church,  da Solaz,La Casa, Kaleidoscope, Beadles,da Vradenburg gidaje masu zaman kansu.     Wright Ingraham ta yi ritaya tana da shekara 85. 

### Salon gine-gine
 
Bayan jagorancin kakanta, Wright Ingraham ta tsara gidaje waɗanda ke da "ƙananan raye-raye" na waje,haɗa su cikin shimfidar wuri,haɗa hasken halitta,amfani da kayan gini na halitta, kuma suna ba da ra'ayoyi na musamman na waje.  Zane nata na cocin Vista Grande Community Church tayi amfani da "makamashi mai inganci, mai sauƙin kiyayewa, simintin da aka keɓe mai suna Therromass", kasancewar ɗaya daga cikin gine-gine na farko a ƙasar don yin hakan.  Shirinta na gidan Kaleidoscope ya haɗa da  hasken sama. 

## Sauran ayyukan
A cikin 1970, a wannan shekarar ta kafa aikinta na gine-gine, Wright Ingraham ta kafa Cibiyar Wright-Ingraham mai zaman kanta don nazarin amfani da ƙasa da albarkatun ƙasa.   Cibiyar tana gayyatar ɗalibai da malamai masu ziyara zuwa taro da bita kan al'amuran muhalli.  Wright Ingraham ta jagoranci cibiyar tsawon shekaru 20 na farko; Yanzu ana gudanar da shi ne a karkashin hukumar da ta hada da 'ya'yanta mata biyu. 

Wright Ingraham kuma ta kafa Crossroads, shirin musayar ƙasa da ƙasa mai alaƙa da Kwalejin Colorado, kuma ita ce wanda ta kafa dandalin Mata na Colorado.  Ta kuma tsunduma cikin gwagwarmayar al'umma,a wani lokaci tana shiga cikin tattakin zaman lafiya a Colorado Springs. 

## Alaka da membobinsu
Wright Ingraham 'yar'uwarCibiyar Gine-gine na Amirka ne  kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin shugaban sashin Colorado a 2002.  Ta kasance memba na Hukumar Binciken Masanan Gine-gine na Jiha (1980 – 1990)  da kwamitin ba da shawara na Frank Lloyd Wright Conservancy,  a tsakanin sauran kwamitocin shawarwari da rundunonin aiki.

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa
Wright Ingraham ta sami digiri na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Colorado a 1999.  An shigar da ita bayan mutuwarta a cikin Hall of Fame na Mata na Colorado a cikin 2014.  

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Ta sadu da mijinta,Louis Gordon Ingraham (1915-1999), yayin da dukansu suke yi karatu a Taliesin.   Ma'auratan suna da ɗa ɗaya,Michael Lloyd Ingraham,da 'ya'ya mata uku,Catherine Ingraham, Christine Ingraham da Anna (Ingraham) Grady.  Sun rabu a 1974.  Wata 'yar, Catherine Ingraham,ta zama farfesa na gine-ginen digiri na biyu da kuma tsara birane a Cibiyar Pratt a New York. Farfesa ce mai ziyara a Jami'ar Harvard.

Bayan ta zauna a Colorado Springs na tsawon shekaru 65, Wright Ingraham ta koma gidan danta a San Antonio, Texas,a cikin Janairu 2013.  Ta mutu sakamakon raunin zuciya a ranar 15 ga Satumba, 2013,tana da shekara 91.  Ba zato ba tsammani, kakanta Frank Lloyd Wright ya mutu yana da shekaru ɗaya. 

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Elizabeth Wright Ingraham at Find a Grave
* Wright-Ingraham Institute home page
* Slide show of Wright Ingraham house designs
* Design photos 
* "Elizabeth Wright Ingraham ... In Her Own Words" 2012 video interview, AIA Colorado History Committee
* "Elizabeth Wright Ingraham – Award-Winning Architect, Businesswoman" 2014 video, Colorado Women's Hall of Fame