Walwala ta muhalli

A cikin ilimin muhalli, an ce tsarin halittu yana da kwanciyar hankali na muhalli (ko **daidaituwa**) idan yana iya komawa ga yanayin daidaitawa bayan rikici (ƙwarewar da aka sani da juriya) ko kuma ba ya fuskantar manyan canje-canje ba zato ba tsammani a cikin halayensa a duk tsawon lokaci. Kodayake ana amfani da kalmomin **kwanciyar hankali na al'umma** da kwanciyar hankali ta muhalli a wasu lokuta, kwanciyar hankali ga al'umma yana nufin kawai halaye na al'ummomi. Yana yiwuwa ga tsarin halittu ko al'umma ya kasance mai ɗorewa a wasu kadarorinsu kuma ba mai ɗorewar a wasu ba. Misali, al'ummar shuke-shuke don mayar da martani ga fari na iya kiyaye biomass amma ya rasa bambancin halittu.

Tsarin muhalli mai ɗorewa yana da ciyawa a cikin yanayi, kuma wallafe-wallafen kimiyya sun rubuta su sosai. Nazarin kimiyya galibi suna bayyana al'ummomin shuke-shuke da al'ummomi na microbial. Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci a ambaci cewa ba kowane al'umma ko tsarin halittu a cikin yanayi ba ne mai ɗorewa (alal misali, kyarketai da moose a kan Isle Royale). Har ila yau, hayaniya tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a kan tsarin halittu kuma, a wasu al'amuran, yana iya ƙayyade yanayin su.

Ma'anar kwanciyar hankali ta muhalli ta fito ne a farkon rabin karni na 20. Tare da ci gaban ilimin muhalli a cikin shekarun 1970s, amfani da kalmar ya fadada zuwa yanayi iri-iri. Wannan amfani da kalmar da yawa ya haifar da gardama game da ma'anarsa da aiwatarwa.

A cikin 1997, Grimm da Wissel sun yi lissafin ma'anoni 167 da aka yi amfani da su a cikin wallafe-wallafen kuma sun sami ra'ayoyin kwanciyar hankali daban-daban 70. Ɗaya daga cikin dabarun da waɗannan marubutan biyu suka ba da shawarar don bayyana batun shine maye gurbin kwanciyar hankali na muhalli tare da ƙarin takamaiman kalmomi, kamar daidaito, *juriya* da juriya. Don cikakken bayyanawa da kuma sanya ma'ana ga takamaiman irin kwanciyar hankali, dole ne a kalli shi da kyau. In ba haka ba maganganun da aka yi game da kwanciyar hankali ba za su sami amintacce ba saboda ba za su da bayanai don tallafawa da'awar. Biye da wannan dabarar, tsarin halittu wanda ke juyawa a cikin wani abu mai mahimmanci, kamar wanda aka tsara ta hanyar daidaitattun dabbobi masu cin nama, za a bayyana shi azaman mai ɗorewa da juriya, amma ba a matsayin mai ɗorewar ba. Wasu marubutan, duk da haka, suna ganin kyakkyawan dalili don yalwar ma'anoni, saboda suna nuna nau'ikan tsarin gaske da lissafi.

## Binciken kwanciyar hankali
Lokacin da ake bi da nau'ikan nau'ikan tsarin muhalli tare da saiti na daidaitattun daidaito, yana yiwuwa a gwada kwanciyar hankali ta hanyar daidaita tsarin a ma'auni. Robert May ya yi amfani da wannan bincike na kwanciyar hankali a cikin shekarun 1970 wanda ke amfani da Matrix na Jacobian ko Matrix na al'umma don bincika alaƙar da ke tsakanin bambancin da kwanciyar hankali na tsarin halittu.

## Nau'o'in
Kodayake halaye na kowane tsarin muhalli suna iya canzawa, a lokacin da aka ayyana, wasu suna kasancewa koyaushe, suna juyawa, suna kaiwa wani abu mai mahimmanci ko kuma suna gabatar da wasu nau'ikan halayyar da za'a iya bayyana su a matsayin kwanciyar hankali. Wannan tarin abubuwan da ke faruwa za a iya lakafta su ta hanyar nau'ikan kwanciyar hankali na muhalli.
## Manazarta