Yanayin Georgia (jihar Amurka)

Jojiya jiha ce a kudu maso gabashin Amurka a Arewacin Amurka.  *Tsibirin Golden Islands* na Jojiya yana kusa da gabar tekun jihar.  Babban fasali na yanki sun haɗa da tsaunuka irin su Ridge-da-valley Appalachians a arewa maso yamma, Dutsen Blue Ridge a arewa maso gabas, Plateau Piedmont a tsakiyar yankin jihar da Coastal Plain a kudu.  Mafi girman yanki a Jojiya shine *Brasstown* Bald wanda ke da tsayin mita 1,458 (4,783 ft) sama da matakin teku, yayin da mafi ƙanƙanta yana matakin teku, a Tekun Atlantika.  Jojiya tana kusan 33° N 83.5° W. Jiha tana da jimillar fili mai faɗin murabba'in kilomita 154,077 (59,489 sq mi) kuma cibiyar yankin tana cikin gundumar Twiggs

Georgia tana da yanayi mai zafi mai zafi tare da lokacin zafi da zafi, sai dai a mafi girman tsaunuka. Yanayin yanayi na Georgia ya dogara da latitude da kuma yadda kusa da yankin zuwa Tekun Atlantika ko Tekun Mexico. Yanayin jihar galibi matsakaici ne, amma Georgia tana da matsanancin yanayi na lokaci-lokaci. Mafi girman zafin jiki da aka taɓa yin rikodin shine  ° F (44 ° C) kuma mafi ƙasƙanci shine -17 ° F (-27 ° C).  Georgia tana da haɗari ga guguwa, kodayake bakin tekun ba sa fuskantar guguwa kai tsaye.

Jojiya tana da birane 536 a cikin larduna 159 da gundumomin majalisa 14.  Kananan hukumomi 152 daga cikin 159 da ake da su a jihar suna karkashin kwamitin ne tsakanin kwamishinoni uku zuwa goma sha daya yayin da sauran bakwai kuma kwamishina daya ke kula da su.  Yawancin biranen 536 ana gudanar da su ne ta tsarin magajin gari.  Jojiya tana da kusan kadada miliyan takwas (32,000 km2) na filayen gonaki yayin da sama da kashi 60% na ƙasar ta ƙunshi dazuzzuka.  Jojiya tana da nisan mil 70,150 (kilomita 112,900 km) na koguna da koguna, kadada 425,000 (1,720 km2) na tabkuna, da kusan kadada 4,500,000 (18,000 km2) na wuraren dausayin ruwa.  Manganese, baƙin ƙarfe, tagulla, da sauran ma'adanai sune albarkatun ƙasa na jihar.

## Yanayin jiki
 
Akwai manyan yankuna biyar na Georgia. Su ne yankin Appalachian Plateau, yankin Ridge da Valley, yankin Blue Ridge, yankin Piedmont, da yankin Atlantic Plain.

Yankin Appalachian Plateau shi ne yankin kudancin Appalachiano Plateau wanda ya shimfiɗa daga New York ta hanyar Georgia da yamma zuwa Alabama.

Yankin Ridge da Valley yana cikin yankin arewa maso yammacin jihar. An kafa yankin ne saboda matsanancin ninkawa da abubuwan da suka faru. Wannan ninkawa da lalacewa sun haifar da jerin tuddai da kwari waɗanda suka bambanta da "tsawo, faɗin da kayan ilimin ƙasa". Ya ƙunshi dutse mai laushi, sandstone, chert, mudstone da shale da kuma wasu nau'ikan duwatsu. Yawancin ƙasar da ke yankin suna da gandun daji sosai yayin da gandun dajin ke rufe kusan rabin yankin.

Yankin Blue Ridge na Georgia yana cikin arewa maso gabashin jihar a arewacin Piedmont .  dutse tsaunuka a cikin Blue Ridge, waɗanda suke daga cikin mafi girma a cikin jihar, matsakaici tsakanin ƙafa dubu biyu zuwa dubu biyar. Ya haɗa da igneous, metamorphic, da kuma ilimin ƙasa; manyan nau'ikan duwatsu a yankin sune gneiss, slate da Saprolite. Ƙasa ta Broad Basin galibi suna da laka ko laka Ultiso. Blue Ridge ya kunshi da farko daga duwatsu na Precambrian metamorphic, kuma wuri mai faɗi yana da ɗan sauƙi.

Yankin Piedmont ya ƙunshi duwatsu masu tasowa na Paleozoic da duwatsu masu laushi, kuma yanayin yana da ɗan sauƙi. Piedmont shine yanki na biyu mafi girma a Georgia, kuma yana da tsarin ruwa guda uku: Kogin Chattahoochee, Tafkin West Point, da Tafkin Sidney Lanier . Duwatsun Piedmont sun ƙunshi Precambrian da Paleozoic metamorphic da duwatsu masu laushi kuma ƙasa suna da kyau fiye da waɗanda aka samu a filin bakin teku. Wasu takamaiman nau'ikan dutse a cikin Piedmont sune schist, gneiss, da phyllite da sauransu. Filin bakin teku na Georgia ya ƙunshi dutse mai laushi wanda ya kasance daga Late Cretaceous zuwa Holocene. Babban albarkatun ma'adinai na halitta a yankin shine kaolin.

Yankin Gabashin Tekun shine mafi girma kuma ya haɗa da wani yanki na filin Tekun Atlantika da Tekun Tekun Tekun Mexico.  Filin Tekun Tekun Atlantika da Gulf of Mexico Coastal Plain sun ƙunshi raƙuman ruwa da duwatsu masu ɗumbin yawa waɗanda ke tsakanin shekaru daga Cretaceous zuwa Present.  Iyakar da ke tsakanin Yankin Piedmont da Yankin Gabar Teku ita ce Layin Faɗuwa.  Sandhills ko Carolina Sandhills yanki ne mai nisan mil 10-35 (kilomita 16-56) a cikin lardin Tekun Tekun Atlantika, tare da iyakar wannan lardin.  Kogin Satilla yana cikin Tekun Tekun Atlantika.  Kogin Alapaha, Kogin Suwanee, da kogin Flint da Chattahoochee suna gudana ta gabar Tekun Fasha da Panhandle na Florida zuwa cikin Tekun Mexico.  Tafkin Seminole tafki ce a mahadar kogin Chattahoochee da Flint akan iyakar Jojiya-Florida.

### Tarihin yanayin ƙasa
Duwatsun da aka fi sani da su a Jojiya sun fito ne daga zamanin Precambrian Proterozoic Era kuma suna kimanin shekaru biliyan 1 zuwa 1.34.  Ana samun su a yankunan Piedmont Plateau da Blue Ridge.  Kimanin shekaru biliyan 1 da suka wuce an samu canjin yanayi a wani lamari da ake kira Grenville Orogeny kuma ya sa duwatsun, wadanda asalin su ne siminti, suka danne su zuwa wani nau'in dutsen da ake kira gneiss saboda zafi da matsa lamba.  Kusan shekaru miliyan 630 da suka wuce tsaunukan Grenville sun fara rubewa dauke da ruwa daga rafuka zuwa teku.  Gneiss da aka samu daga waɗannan sediments ya haifar da marmara, metaconglomerate, phyllite, quartzite, schist, da slate da aka samu a cikin Blue Ridge da Piedmont.

Abubuwa uku daban-daban na orogeny sun shafi gabashin Arewacin Amurka a lokacin Paleozoic. Daga waɗannan orogeny sun zo da ninkawa, lalacewa, da kuma intrusions a cikin Piedmont, Blue Ridge, Valley da Ridge da Appalachian Plateau.

### Duwatsun Georgia

Yankin tsaunuka na Georgia suna daga cikin tsaunuka masu suna Blue Ridge kuma suna farawa a kusurwar arewa maso gabashin Georgia. Brasstown Bald, dutse mafi girma a Georgia a   sama da matsakaicin matakin teku,  yana daga cikin sarkar kuma yana zaune a wani yanki da ake kira Wolfpen Ridge.  Sauran duwatsu a Georgia sun hada da Rabun Bald, Dutsen Arabiya, Dutsen Big Bald, Dutsan Black, da Dutsen Blood .

Dutsen Dutse, wanda ke cikin Dutsen dutsen dutse ne wanda ke da tsawo na ƙafa 1,683 (513  amsl daga taron koli da ƙafa 825 (251  sama da tsaunin da ke kewaye. Dutsen an san shi da ilimin ƙasa da kuma babban dutsen da ke nuna shugabannin Confederate guda uku: Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee da Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson. Rashin dutsen shine mafi girma a duniya.

### Koguna da tabkuna

Manyan koguna da yawa suna ratsa jihar Georgia. Wasu daga cikinsu sune Kogin Flint, Kogin Towaliga, Kogin Ocmulgee, Kogin Etowah, Kogin Altamaha, Kogin Savannah, da Kogin Suwannee. Kogin Chattahoochee shine mafi tsawo a Georgia, a mil 436 (kilomita 702).  Kogin ya fara ne a cikin Blue Ridge Mountains a ƙasa da Brasstown Bald  ya ƙare a Lake Seminole a kusurwar kudu maso yammacin Georgia inda ya haifar da iyaka tsakanin Alabama da Florida.

Tafkin Lanier shine tafkin mafi girma a Georgia  sannan Tafkin Oconee ya biyo baya a matsayin na biyu mafi girma.  Tafkin Lanier yana da tsawon kilomita 26 (42  kuma yana rufe kusan kilomita 47 (76  na kogin  Tafkin Oconee yana da tsawon mil 20 (32  da kuma kusan mil daya.  Sauran tabkuna a cikin jihar sun hada da Lake Acworth, Lake Allatoona, Lake Blackshear, Jackson Lake (Georgia), West Point Lake, High Falls, Lake Seminole, Lake Chatuge da Walter F. George Lake.

### Tsibirin

Georgia tana da tsibirai goma sha huɗu daga bakin tekun. Hudu daga cikin wadannan tsibirai an san su da The Golden Isles . Mafi girma daga cikin wadannan tsibirai shine Tsibirin Cumberland a cikin Camden County .  Tsibirin ba a zaune ba kuma ana iya isa ta jirgin ruwa ne kawai. Wasu daga cikin manyan tsibirai na gaba sune St. Simon's Island a cikin Glynn County a matsayin na biyu mafi girma;  Ossabaw Island, mil ashirin (32  kudu da Savannah, shine na uku mafi girma daga cikin tsibirai kuma Sapelo Island, mil sittin kudu da Savana, shine na huɗu.  Mafi ƙanƙanta daga cikin tsibirai shine Tsibirin Jekyll a cikin Gundumar Glynn . 

## Yanayi

Galibin Jojiya tana da yanayin yanayi mai ɗanɗano da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano ta hanyar iska mai ƙarfi a lokaci-lokaci a cikin hunturu.  Lokacin zafi mai zafi da zafi na al'ada ne, sai dai a mafi tsayi.  Dukkanin jihar, gami da tsaunukan Georgia na arewa, suna samun matsakaicin matsakaici zuwa hazo mai nauyi, wanda ya bambanta daga inci 45 (1,100 mm) a tsakiyar Jojiya[1] zuwa kusan inci 75 (1,900 mm) a kusa da yankin arewa maso gabas na jihar.] Matsayin yanayin wani yanki na Georgia ya dogara ba kawai akan yanayin Tekun Atlantika ba, amma kuma yana kusa da Tekun Atlantika.  Hakan na faruwa ne musamman a yankunan tsaunuka da ke arewacin jihar, wadanda ke da nisa da ruwan teku, kuma suna iya kaiwa tsayin kafa 4,500 (m1,400 m) ko sama da matakin teku.

Duk da samun matsakaiciyar yanayi idan aka kwatanta da sauran jihohi da yawa, Georgia tana da matsanancin yanayi na lokaci-lokaci. Mafi girman zafin jiki da aka taɓa yin rikodin shine  ° F (44 ° C),  yayin da mafi ƙasƙanci da aka taɓa rikodin shine -17 ° F (-27 ° C).  Georgia tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan jihohi a cikin abubuwan da suka faru na guguwa. Yankunan da suka fi kusa da iyakar Florida suna samun irin wannan karamin guguwar F0 da F1 da ke da alaƙa da tsawa da yamma. Koyaya, ba a saba gani ba ga guguwa ta zama mai tsanani (sama da F3). Kamar yadda yake a bakin tekun Atlantika, Georgia ma tana da rauni ga guguwa, kodayake bakin tekun Georgia kawai ba sa fuskantar guguwa kai tsaye. Mafi yawanci sune guguwa da ke mamaye Florida panhandle, suna raunana a ƙasa, kuma suna kawo iska mai karfi na wurare masu zafi da ruwan sama mai yawa zuwa cikin Georgia, da kuma guguwa waɗanda ke kusa da bakin tekun Georgia, suna shafa bakin tekun a kan hanyarsu ta hanyar da za ta buga Carolinas.

A cikin 2006 da 2007, duk da haka, Georgia ta sami fari mai tsanani, musamman a cikin 2007. An yi rikodin zafin jiki sama da digiri 100.

### Bayanan yanayi

### Canjin yanayi

Georgia ta ƙunshi fiye da birane 500  a cikin yankuna 159 a cikin gundumomi 14 na majalisa. Taswirar da ke dama tana nuna iyakokin gundumar ga dukkan yankuna 159 a Georgia.

149 daga cikin 159 counties a cikin jihar suna karkashin jagorancin kwamitin da ya kunshi tsakanin kwamishinoni uku zuwa goma sha ɗaya  yayin da sauran 10 counties ke karkashin kulawar kwamishinan guda ɗaya. Dukkanin kwamishinoni masu jefa kuri'a na gundumarsu ne ke zabar su don wa'adin da ke tsakanin shekaru biyu zuwa shida tare da yawancin yankuna da ke da wa'adin shekaru huɗu. Mambobin da ke aiki suna amfani da ikon zartarwa da na majalisa a cikin gundumarsu.

Yawancin biranen 536 a Georgia suna karkashin tsarin majalisa. Dukkanin kananan hukumomi a cikin jihar ana daukar su birane. Babu ƙananan ƙungiyoyi kamar garuruwa, ƙauyuka, ko ƙauyuka. Yawancin ayyukan jama'a na asali da aka bayar a waje da biranen ana ba da su ne daga yankuna.

## Albarkatun halitta

### Aikin noma da ruwa
Georgia tana da kusan kadada miliyan takwas (32,000 ) na gonar gona yayin da sama da 60% na ƙasar ta ƙunshi gandun daji."},"botypeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Geography_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)#cite_note-GADNR2-44 [1] Saboda yawan wuraren gandun daji a jihar Georgia tana samar da katako da itace fiye da kowane jiha a gabashin kogin Mississippi; daga waɗannan gandun daji sun zo kashi 74.4 cikin dari na rosins da turpentines (gidan ajiyar ruwa) da aka samar a Amurka, kuma sama da rabin wadatar duniya. Dukkanin yankunan noma da ruwan Georgia sun haifar da yanayi mai kyau don farauta, kamun kifi da wasan. Jihar Georgia tana da abubuwa da yawa a hanyar albarkatun noma. Georgia tana da mil 70,150 (112,900  na rafi da koguna, kadada 425,000 (1,720 km2) na tabkuna, da kuma kimanin kadada 4,500,000 (18,000 km2) na wuraren ruwa mai laushi.&nbsp;

Abubuwan da ke tattare da ilimin laka na Georgia sun haɗa da nau'ikan ma'adanai da yawa, Manganese, ƙarfe, jan ƙarfe, kwal, mai, yumɓu, dutse, kaolin, yashi da dutse.