Gladys Pyle

**Gladys Shields Pyle**  (4 ga Oktoba, 1890) Maris 14, 1989) ta kasance malamar makaranta, 'yar siyasa kuma mace ta farko da aka zaɓa a Majalisar Dattawan Amurka ba tare da an naɗa ta a matsayinta ba a baya; ita ce kuma 'yar majalisar dattawa mace ta farko da ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar Republican  kuma ita ce 'yar majalisar dattawa mace ta farko daga South Dakota. Bugu da ƙari, ita ce 'yar majalisar dattawa mace ta farko daga wajen kudu. 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Gladys Shields Pyle a Huron, South Dakota a ranar 4 ga Oktoba, 1890, 'yar John L. Pyle da Mamie Shields Pyle, kuma ita ce ƙarama a cikin 'ya'yansu huɗu,  'yan mata uku da ɗa ɗaya.  Mahaifinta lauya ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Lauyan South Dakota kuma mahaifiyarta babbar mai rajin kare haƙƙin jama'a ce a jihar. Iyalin sun zauna a wani gida da John ya gina,  sun ci gaba da zama a can bayan mutuwarsa sakamakon zazzabin typhoid a 1902.  

John da Mamie sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa Kwalejin Huron, wadda Gladys ta halarta.  A lokacin da take ɗaliba, Gladys ta fafata a muhawara tare da 'yan uwanta mata.   Ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1911,   ta kuma ƙaura zuwa Chicago don halartar Kwalejin Kiɗa ta Amurka da Jami'ar Chicago .  

## Farkon aikina
Pyle ta yi aiki a fannin ilimi daga 1912 zuwa 1920.   Bayan ta koyar da harshen Latin da kuma ilimin zamantakewa na tsawon shekaru biyu a Huron, ta zama shugabar makarantun gwamnati na Wessington .  Gladys, mahaifiyarta Mamie, da 'yan'uwa mata biyu sun shiga cikin ƙungiyar mata ta 'Yancin Zaɓe kuma sun saba shirya tarurruka na ƙungiyar 'Yan Zaɓe ta Mata ta gida a gidansu.  Pyle ta zama lakcara a ƙungiyar  kuma ta yi tafiya zuwa Indiana, Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas da Ohio don yin jawabai da gabatar da jawabai. 

A shekarar 1922, ta tsaya takarar kujera a Majalisar Wakilai ta South Dakota .  Bayan ta kasa samun tikitin takara ta hanyar 'yan Republican na Beadle County, Pyle ta fafata a zaben fidda gwani na 'yan Republican na Independent, wanda da alama ta sha kaye, amma ta yi nasarar kalubalantar sakamakon. A babban zaben, ita ce ta fi samun kuri'u a kujerun Majalisar Wakilai uku, kuma an zabe ta a kan tikitin 'yan Republican biyu.  A shekarar 1923 ta zama mace ta farko a Majalisar Wakilai ta jihar.  An sake zabenta a shekarar 1924,  kuma ta yi aiki daga 1923 zuwa 1927.  Baya ga matsayinta na ɗan lokaci a majalisar dokoki, an kuma nada Pyle ta zama Mataimakiyar Sakataren Harkokin Jahar South Dakota . 

## Sakataren Harkokin Waje
A shekarar 1926, Pyle ta kasance wacce ta yi nasarar zama 'yar takarar jam'iyyar Republican a matsayin Sakataren Harkokin Waje na South Dakota .  An sake zaɓenta a shekarar 1928, inda ta samu ƙuri'u fiye da yadda aka taɓa ba wa kowane ɗan takara a kowane mukami a jihar,  kuma ta yi aiki daga 1927 zuwa 1931. 

A shekarar 1930, ta kasance 'yar takarar neman takarar gwamna a jam'iyyar Republican. [1] Ta lashe zaben fidda gwani, inda ta samu kusan kashi daya bisa uku na kuri'un. Tunda babu wani dan takara da ya sami kashi 35% da ake bukata a karkashin dokar South Dakota, gasar ta koma taron jam'iyyar Republican, inda wakilai za su zabi wanda za a zaba daga cikin 'yan takara biyar da ke kan kuri'ar fidda gwani. Pyle ta jagoranci kuri'u na hudu, da na shida zuwa goma sha daya, inda ta kara yawan kuri'unta a kowace kuri'a, sai dai babban asarar kuri'u da aka samu a kuri'ar takwas yayin da take gab da shiga zaben. A lokacin kuri'ar 12, Shugaban Taro ya dakatar da kiran zaben kuma bayan sa'o'i uku, 'yan takara maza uku sun nuna goyon bayansu ga Warren E. Green, wacce ta tsaya takara a zaben fidda gwani da kusan kashi 7.5% na kuri'un kuma wacce ta lashe zaben lokacin da aka ci gaba da kiran zaben. Pyle ta amince da shan kaye cikin sauri ba tare da nuna adawa ko zargi ba amma ba ta amince da Green ba har sai bayan lokacin shigar da kara a matsayin mai zaman kansa ya kare. Daga baya ta nuna rashin jin dadinta lokacin da ta nuna ba za ta sake neman mukamin siyasa na jam'iyya ba. Pyle ya kasance babban jami'in gudanarwa na Hukumar Tsaron Jiha daga 1931 zuwa 1933.

Yayin da take ci gaba da harkokinta na siyasa, Pyle ta kuma zama mai himma a harkar inshorar rai, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin wakili ga kamfanoni da dama, ciki har da Kamfanin Inshorar Rayuwa na New York  da kuma Kamfanin Inshorar Rayuwa na Northwestern Mutual .  Bugu da ƙari, an zaɓe ta shugabar Ƙungiyar Masu Inshorar Rayuwa ta Huron,  kuma ta kasance mai himma a Ƙungiyar Masu Inshorar Rayuwa ta Ƙasa. 

## Sanatan Amurka

A ranar 8 ga Nuwamba, 1938, an zaɓe ta a matsayin 'yar jam'iyyar Republican zuwa Majalisar Dattawan Amurka, inda ta lashe sama da kashi 58% na ƙuri'un kuma ta sami ƙarin ƙuri'u 8,500 fiye da wanda ya lashe zaɓe na biyu mafi girma a duk faɗin jihar. Pyle ta sami mafi girman kaso na ƙuri'un 'yan takarar Republican waɗanda ba sa kan mulki kuma ta biyu mafi girma na ƙuri'u ga duk 'yan takarar Republican a Majalisar Dattawan Amurka a zaɓen 1938. An zaɓi Pyle don cike gurbin da mutuwar Peter Norbeck ta haifar.  Norbeck ya mutu a watan Disamba na 1936, wanda ya ba gwamnan South Dakota damar naɗa wanda zai maye gurbinsa, kuma ya naɗa ɗan Democrat Herbert E. Hitchcock .  Hitchcock ya sha kaye a zaɓen fidda gwani na ɗan takarar Democrat na cikakken wa'adi, kuma Chan Gurney ɗan Republican ne ya lashe zaɓen.  Saboda ya rasa takarar 'yan Democrat, wani abu da ya faru a dokar South Dakota ya tilasta wa Hitchcock ya sauka daga mulki bayan zaben Nuwamba 1938, wanda zai haifar da gurbi kafin wa'adin Gurney ya fara a watan Janairu 1939.  Domin cike gurbin watanni biyu, 'yan Republican na South Dakota sun yi nasarar yin zabe na musamman saboda jita-jitar cewa Shugaba Franklin D. Roosevelt zai kira wani zaman Majalisa na musamman kafin Janairu.  Dokar jiha ta hana Gurney bayyana a kuri'ar raba gardama sau biyu, don haka bai sami damar tsayawa takara a zaben na musamman ba. 

Sakamakon waɗannan yanayi da kuma rashin tabbas a cikin doka, Jam'iyyar Republican ta yi nasara a kan Pyle, duk da alƙawarin da ta yi na cewa ba za ta sake neman wani mukami na siyasa ba, don tsayawa takara a zaɓen na musamman, wani ɓangare saboda shahararta a jihar, kuma wani ɓangare saboda tana da suna cewa ba za su ba da albarkatu da yawa ga kamfen ɗin zaɓe na musamman ba.  Ta yi yaƙin neman zaɓe a kan Sabuwar Yarjejeniya, tana jayayya cewa shirin bai yi nisa ba don taimaka wa mutanen South Dakota.  A ranar da Gurney ta lashe zaɓen cikakken wa'adi, Pyle ta kayar da ɗan Democrat JT McCullen Sr. a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, inda ta sami maki kusan kashi 6 cikin ɗari a gaban wanda ya lashe zaɓen ofis na gaba mafi girma a jihar.  An biya Pyle kuɗin hidimarta ta Majalisar Dattawa kuma an ba ta izinin ɗaukar ma'aikata, amma Majalisar ba ta cikin zaman kuma ba a taɓa rantsar da ita ba. 

Bayan zaɓen, Pyle ta yi tafiya zuwa Washington, DC da kuɗinta, tare da mahaifiyarta da mataimakiya ɗaya.  Ba a kira wani zama na musamman ba, don haka Pyle ba ta sami damar yin wani aiki na Majalisar Dattawa ba kafin wa'adinta ya ƙare.  Ta raba ofishin Majalisar Dattawa da Thomas M. Storke, wani sanata na wucin gadi da aka naɗa daga California, kuma ta shafe lokacinta a Washington tana fafutukar neman amincewar hukumomin tarayya, ciki har da Hukumar Gudanar da Ci Gaban Ayyuka da Ofishin Harkokin Indiya don amincewa da ayyuka a South Dakota.  

## Daga baya aiki
A watan Janairun 1939, Pyle ta koma harkar inshorarta, kuma ta ci gaba da shiga cikin ayyukan gwamnati sosai.  A shekarar 1940, ta zama mace ta farko da ta gabatar da jawabin takarar shugaban kasa a wani babban taron kasa, tana magana a madadin dan takara Harland J. Bushfield . 

Baya ga sake fara aikinta a harkar inshorar rai, Pyle ita ce mai kula da yara maza biyu marayu kuma tana kula da gonar iyalinta mai fadin eka 640 kusa da Huron.  Ta kasance memba na Hukumar Agaji da Gyaran Gida ta South Dakota daga 1943 zuwa 1957. 

## Manazarta