Bankole Johnson

**Bankole A. Johnson**, DSc, MD, MPhil, FRCPsych (an haife shi 5 Nuwamba 1959) likita ne mai lasisi kuma ƙwararren likitan hauka a ko'ina cikin Turai da Amurka wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Farfesa Farfesa kuma Shugaban Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Halitta da Kimiyyar Neurobehavioral a cikin Jami'ar Virginia . Babban yanki na farko na ƙwarewar bincike na Johnson shine ilimin psychopharmacology na magunguna don magance jaraba, kuma sananne ne a fagen don gano cewa topiramate, mai gudanarwa gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) da glutamate antagonist, magani ne mai inganci don shan barasa.   Farfesa Johnson kuma ya sami kulawar kafofin watsa labaru na ƙasa don bayyanarsa a cikin Ofishin Akwatin Gida ( HBO ) fasalin shirin asali na asali, "Addiction", wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Gwamnoni mai daraja, lambar yabo ta Emmy ta musamman, daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Television da Kimiyya .  Farfesa Johnson kwanan nan ya karɓi alƙawari don shiga Jami'ar Maryland a matsayin Shugaban Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Johnson a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba 1959 a Najeriya. Johnson ya halarci Kwalejin King da ke Legas a Najeriya kuma ya sami digiri a 1975. Daga nan sai ya wuce Kwalejin Davies da ke Sussex, Ingila, sai Cibiyar Catholique de Paris da ke Paris, Faransa. Johnson ya sauke karatu daga Jami'ar Glasgow a Scotland a 1982 tare da digiri na Medicinae Baccalaureum et Chirurgie Baccalaureum. Ya ci gaba da horar da ilimin tabin hankali a Royal London da Maudsley da kuma Betlem Royal Asibitocin, da kuma horar da bincike a Cibiyar Kula da Hauka ( Jami'ar London ). A 1991, Johnson ya sauke karatu daga Jami'ar London tare da Master of Philosophy a neuropsychiatry . Johnson ya gudanar da bincikensa na digiri na uku a Jami'ar Oxford kuma ya sami digiri na uku a fannin likitanci, Medicinae Doctorem, daga Jami'ar Glasgow a 1993. Kwanan nan, a cikin 2004, Johnson ya sami digirin digiri na digiri a fannin likitanci daga Jami'ar Glasgow - digiri mafi girma wanda jami'ar Burtaniya za ta iya ba da shi a fannin kimiyya.

Johnson ya shiga jami'ar Texas Health Science Center a Houston a cikin 1993 kuma daga baya ya zama Mataimakin Shugaban Bincike da Shugaban Sashen Alcohol da Drug Addiction a Sashen Kula da Hauka a Jami'ar Texas Health Science Center a San Antonio. a shekarar 1998. A cikin 2001, Johnson ya sami lambar yabo ta Dan Anderson Research Award daga Gidauniyar Hazelden don "babban gudummawar da ya bayar a matsayin mai bincike wanda ya ci gaba da ilimin kimiyya na farfadowar jaraba."  A cikin 2002, Johnson ya sami lambar yabo ta Babban Babban Malami na Bambance-bambance daga Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Ƙasa . An shigar da Johnson cikin dakin Fame na Texas a cikin 2003 don gudummawar da ya bayar ga kimiyya, lissafi, da fasaha.  A ranar 1 ga Satumba 2004, Johnson ya karɓi alƙawari don yin aiki a matsayin Farfesa Farfesa kuma Shugaban Sashen Magungunan tabin hankali a Jami'ar Virginia.  Johnson ya zama ɗan'uwan Royal College of Psychiatrists a cikin 2007. A cikin 2009 Johnson an nada shi mataimakin editan kwamitin edita na *The American Journal of Psychiatry*, kuma daga 2010 zuwa 2011 ya yi aiki a matsayin editan filin-in-Chief of *Frontiers in Psychiatry* .

A cikin 2019, Johnson ya karɓi lambar yabo ta R. Brinkley Smithers daga Ƙungiyar Magungunan Addiction ta Amurka. 

## Bincike
Binciken binciken Johnson yana kan neuropsychopharmacology na jaraba. Ayyukansa sun haɗa ilimin kimiyyar ƙwaƙwalwa da halayen halayen maganin jaraba tare da manufar samar da cikakkiyar fahimtar tushen halayyar neman ƙwayoyi da haɓaka magunguna masu tasiri. Tsakanin bincikensa shine rawar da hulɗar tsakanin tsarin tsakiya na monoamine tare da mai da hankali kan serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)/ glutamate da dopamine .

Jaridar Johnson ta Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Amirka (JAMA), mai suna "Topiramate don magance dogara ga barasa: gwajin da aka bazu " da aka buga a 2007, ya sami kulawar kafofin watsa labaru na kasa da na duniya. Gwajin asibiti da aka shafe makonni 14 ana yi a Amurka, ya shafi mashaya maza da mata 371. Wadanda marasa lafiya da ke shan topiramate sun rage yawan shan giya kuma sun nuna sakamako mafi kyau tare da rage yawan cholesterol, ƙididdigar jiki, enzymes hanta, da hawan jini fiye da wadanda ke shan placebo.  An nuna sakamakon binciken akan Reuters, MSNBC, CBS, ABC, CNN, Fox News, USA Today, Associated Press, da sauran kafofin watsa labarai da yawa.      

Binciken Johnson na yanzu ya haɗa da gwaje-gwajen asibiti da nazarin dakin gwaje-gwaje na ɗan adam, kuma ya haɗa da neuroimaging da kwayoyin halitta . Yanzu ya haɗa da kimantawa na neuroimaging a cikin nazarin hulɗar miyagun ƙwayoyi don gano takamaiman tasirin magungunan da ake amfani da su da kuma kimanta tasirin magunguna masu mahimmanci don maganin jaraba. Nazarin na yanzu sun haɗa da gwajin asibiti da nufin ƙayyade tasirin ondansetron, mai adawa da serotonin-3, don kula da nau'ikan masu shan giya, da kuma aikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na ɗan adam wanda ke ƙoƙarin bayyana tasirin naltrexone da acamprosate akan aikin hanta da na koda . mutane masu dogaro da barasa.

## Girmamawa da kyaututtuka

* Inductee, Cibiyar Mashahuri ta Texas don Kimiyya, Lissafi da Fasaha, 2003
* An nada shi zuwa Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Kasa don NIH/NIDA, 2004 - 2007
* Memba, Kwamitin Ci Gaban Magunguna na Majalisar Shawara ta NIDA akan Mutuwar Muggan Kwayoyi, 2004 - 2007
* Memba, Hukumar Ba da Shawara ta Ƙarfafa don NIH/NIAA, 2004 - yanzu
* Memba, Hukumar Ba da Shawarar Kimiyya ta Ci gaban Magunguna don NIH/NIDA, 2005 - 2009
* Kyautar American Psycistric din ta bambancewa da kyautar Ilimin hauka, 2006 (don ingantaccen nasara a fagen ilimin tabin hankali a matsayin mai ilimi, mai bincike, da asibiti)
* NIH Mai ba da Taswirar Hanya, 2006 - yanzu
* An jera su a cikin "Mafi kyawun Likitoci a Amurka", 2007, 2009-2010
* Fellow, Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2007 - yanzu
* Distinguished Fellow, American Psychiatric Association, 2008 - yanzu
* Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Amirka, Kyautar Solomon Carter Fuller, 2009
* Fellow, Kwalejin Neuropsychopharmacology na Amurka, 2010 - yanzu
* Kyautar Jack Mendelson, NIAAA - 2013

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Jami'ar Virginia: http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/psychiatric/staffandfaculty/research.cfm?uva_id=bj4x&hideintro=1
* Shirin Excelsior: http://www.medicine.virginia.edu/clinical/departments/psychiatry/patients/excelsior
* HBO Addiction Film Series: "Addiction": http://www.hbo.com/addiction/thefilm/centerpiece/618_segment_7.html
* *Frontiers a cikin ilimin hauka* : https://web.archive.org/web/20100211141806/http://frontiersin.org/psychiatry/psychiatry/missionstatement/
* Jami'ar Maryland: https://web.archive.org/web/20151001110541/http://somvweb.som.umaryland.edu/absolutenm/templates/?a=2446&z=41