Ilimin muhalli na California

Za'a iya fahimtar **ilimin [[Ecology|muhalli]] na California** ta hanyar raba jihar zuwa yankuna da yawa, waɗanda ke ƙunshe da al'ummomi muhalli daban-daban na tsire-tsire da dabbobi a cikin yankin da ke kusa. Za'a iya haɗa yankunan California zuwa manyan kungiyoyi huɗu: yankunan hamada (kamar Mojave Desert), yankunan Bahar Rum (kamar Central Valley), tsaunuka masu gandun daji (kamar Sierra Nevada), da gandun daji na bakin teku.

Hukumomi daban-daban sun bayyana iyakokin yankuna daban-daban: wannan labarin ya bi ma'anar Asusun Duniya don Yanayi (WWF) da Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka (EPA) 

## Hamada
Tsaunukan tsaunuka na California suna hana mafi yawan danshi daga isa gabas na jihar, waɗanda ke gida ga hamadar California da yankunan shrub. Ƙananan hamada na kudu maso gabashin California wani ɓangare ne na yankin Sonoran Desert, wanda ya kai ga Arizona da sassa na arewacin Mexico. California tana da manyan hamada guda biyu: Hamadar Mojave da Babban Hamadar Basin . Yankin Mojave Desert yana da alamar kasancewar itatuwan Joshua. Yankin sanyi mai sanyi na Great Basin na California ya ƙunshi Kwarin Owens, kuma an rarraba shi a cikin Great Basin shrub steppe ta WWF,  da kuma cikin Yankin Tsakiya na Tsakiya da Range ta EPA. 

Hamada a California suna karɓar tsakanin 2 da 10 inci (51 da 254  na ruwan sama a kowace shekara. Shuke-shuke a cikin waɗannan hamada sune brush da scrub, sun dace da ruwan sama mai yawa. Nau'o'in shuke-shuke na yau da kullun sun haɗa da creosote bush, blackbrush, greasewood, saltbush, babban sagebrush, low sagebrush. Tsaunuka masu tsawo suna da karin hazo, wanda ke ba da damar itatuwa masu tsayayya da fari su girma, kamar su yammacin juniper da pinyon pine.

## Yankunan Bahar Rum

Yankin tekun California daga Monterey Bay kudu zuwa iyakar Mexico, da kuma cikin gida daga San Francisco Bay Area zuwa tuddai na Sierra Nevada suna dauke da yankunan Bahar Rum na California. Wannan yankin ya kasu kashi uku na California chaparral da gandun daji ecoregions, tare da tsakiya na tsakiya. EPA ta raba yankin tsakanin kwarin tsakiya (ecoregion 7), Kudancin California chaparral (ecorregion 6), tsaunukan Kudancin Califòrnia (ecoresion 8), da kuma Kudancin Californie (ecorégion 85). 

WWF ta bambanta tsakanin yankuna daban-daban na chaparral bisa ga nau'in jinsuna. A kudu, California bakin teku sage da chaparral sun shimfiɗa a fadin iyakar Mexico zuwa arewa maso yammacin Baja California da Los Angeles. Yankin da ke bakin teku sananne ne saboda samun mafi yawan ƙudan zuma a Amurka, kodayake yawancin yankin yanzu an gina shi. California montane chaparral da gandun daji sun haɗa da Transverse Ranges a arewacin Los Angeles da kuma Santa Lucia Range a kan Tsakiyar Tsakiya. Montane chaparral ya ƙunshi mosaic na sage scrub, chaparral, da nau'in montane, dangane da tsawo. Chaparral na ciki na California da gandun daji sun zama zobe a kusa da Kwarin Tsakiya, suna rufe tuddai a kusa da Bay Area da kuma tuddai na Sierra Nevada .  Yankin gandun daji na ciki ya ƙunshi nau'o'in halittu da yawa, saboda nau'ikan ƙasa na musamman kamar Macijin.

Sierra Nevada gida ne ga rabin nau'ikan tsire-tsire na California, tare da nau'ikan 400 waɗanda ke cikin yankin. Kamar tsaunuka da yawa, al'ummomin shuke-shuke na ƙungiyar Sierra a cikin yankuna masu rai ta hanyar tsawo, saboda yanayin da ke ƙaruwa yayin da tsawo ke ƙaruwa. Wadannan yankuna na halittu sun hada da gandun daji na montane wanda conifers suka mamaye kamar su Jeffrey pine da Lodgepole pine, gandun daji mai zurfi wanda ya mamaye whitebark pine, har zuwa tundra na alpine wanda ba zai iya tallafawa bishiyoyi ba. Sierra kuma sananne ne ga manyan itatuwan sequoia: mafi girma a duniya.n.es.es. T.
## Manazarta