Ivan Van Sertima

**Ivan Gladstone Van Sertima** (26 Janairu 1935 - 25 Mayu 2009) ɗan ƙasar Guyane ɗan asalin ƙasar Burtaniya abokin farfesa ne na Nazarin Afirka a Jami'ar Rutgers ta Amurka.

An fi saninsa da shi don hasashen asalin asalin sa na Olmec, alama ce ta ka'idar tuntuɓar kafin Columbia, wacce ya gabatar a cikin littafinsa Sun zo Kafin Columbus (1976). Yayin da ka'idar Olmec ta "ya yadu sosai a cikin al'ummar Amirka na Afirka, duka biyu da kuma masu ilimi", yawanci an yi watsi da ita a cikin malaman Mesoamericanist, kuma an kira shi Afrocentric pseudoarchaeology da kuma tarihin tarihi zuwa sakamakon "samun al'adun ƴan asalin Amirka".

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Van Sertima a Kauyen Kitty, kusa da Georgetown, a cikin abin da a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Guiana na Burtaniya (Guyana na yanzu); ya rike zama dan kasar Birtaniya a tsawon rayuwarsa. Ya yi makarantar firamare da sakandare a Guyana. Ya halarci Makarantar Gabas da Nazarin Afirka (SOAS) a Jami'ar London daga 1959. Van Sertima ya kammala karatun digiri na farko a cikin harsunan Afirka da wallafe-wallafe a SOAS a cikin 1969, inda ya kammala karatunsa da girmamawa.

Daga 1957 zuwa 1959, Van Sertima ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in yada labarai da yada labarai a Sabis na Watsa Labarai na Guyana. A cikin 1960s, ya yi aiki na shekaru da yawa a Burtaniya a matsayin ɗan jarida, yana yin shirye-shiryen mako-mako zuwa Caribbean da Afirka. Van Sertima ya auri Maria Nagy a 1964; sun dauki ’ya’ya biyu maza, Larry da Michael.

A cikin yin aikin fage a Afirka, ya haɗa ƙamus na kalmomin Swahili a cikin 1967. A cikin 1970 Van Sertima ya yi hijira zuwa Amurka, inda ya shiga Jami'ar Rutgers a New Brunswick, New Jersey, don aikin digiri.

Bayan ya saki matarsa ​​ta farko, Van Sertima ya sake yin aure a shekara ta 1984, ga Jacqueline L. Patten, wadda ke da 'ya'ya mata biyu.

## Aikin da aka buga
Ya buga Sun zo gaban Columbus a cikin 1976, a matsayin ɗalibin kammala karatun digiri na Rutgers. Littafin ya yi magana da yawa game da hujjojinsa na asalin Afirka na al'adun Mesoamerican a Yammacin Yammacin Turai. An buga ta Random House maimakon jarida na ilimi, Sun zo Kafin Columbus ya kasance mafi kyawun siyarwa  kuma ya sami kulawa sosai a cikin al'ummar Afirka ta Kudu saboda iƙirarin sa na tuntuɓar Afirka da yaɗa al'adu a Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka. Gabaɗaya ƙwararrun ilimi sun “yi watsi da shi ko kuma suka kore shi” kuma an yi suka sosai dalla-dalla a cikin mujallar ilimi, Current Anthropology, a cikin 1997.

Van Sertima ya kammala digirinsa na biyu a Rutgers a shekara ta 1977. Ya zama mataimakin farfesa na Nazarin Afirka a Rutgers a Sashen Nazarin Afirka a 1979.[5] Har ila yau, a cikin 1979, Van Sertima ya kafa Jarida na wayewar Afirka, wanda ya keɓance shi na musamman kuma ya buga shekaru da yawa.

Ya wallafa tatsuniyoyi da yawa na shekara-shekara, kundin mujallar da ke magana da batutuwa daban-daban na tarihin Afirka. Labarinsa "The Lost Sciences of Africa: An Overview" (1983) yayi magana game da ci gaban Afirka na farko a fannin ƙarfe, ilmin taurari, lissafi, gine-gine, injiniyanci, aikin gona, kewayawa, magani da rubutu. Ya bayyana cewa, manyan makarantu, a Afirka kamar sauran wurare, su ne adana manyan mutane a cibiyoyin wayewa, wanda ke sanya su cikin rauni idan aka lalata wadannan cibiyoyin da kuma asarar irin wannan ilimin. Van Sertima ya kuma tattauna gudunmawar kimiyyar Afirka a cikin wata makala don ƙarar Renaissance na Afirka, wanda aka buga a 1999 (ya fara buga makalar a 1983). Wannan shi ne tarihin taron da aka yi a birnin Johannesburg na Afirka ta Kudu a watan Satumba na shekarar 1998 kan taken ci gaban Afirka.

A ranar 7 ga Yuli 1987, Van Sertima ya ba da shaida a gaban kwamitin Majalisar Dokokin Amurka don nuna adawa da amincewa da bikin cika shekaru 500 na "gano" Amurkawa na Christopher Columbus. Ya ce, "Ba za ku iya tunanin yadda ake cin mutuncin 'yan asalin Amirkawa ba ... a ce an gano su."

## Mutuwa da gado
Van Sertima ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 2006. Ya rasu a ranar 25 ga Mayu 2009 yana da shekara 74. Matarsa ​​Jacqueline Van Sertima, ta ce za ta ci gaba da buga mujallar Afirka ta wayewar kai kuma ta yi shirin buga littafin waƙarsa.

## Manazarta