Kisan gilla na Lekki a 2020

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A daren 20 ga Oktoba 2020, da misalin karfe 6:50 na yamma, mambobin Sojojin Najeriya sun bude wuta a kan masu zanga-zangar End SARS marasa makami a ƙofar Lekki (Admiralty Circle Plaza) a Jihar Legas, Najeriya. [1] Amnesty International ta bayyana cewa akalla an kashe masu zanga-zangar 12 yayin harbi.[2] Kwana daya bayan lamarin, a ranar 21 ga Oktoba, gwamnan Jihar Legas, Babajide Sanwo-olu, ya musanta rahotanni game da asarar rayuka, amma daga baya ya yarda a wata hira da wani ɗan jaridar CNN cewa "mutane biyu ne kawai aka kashe".[3][4]

Sojojin Najeriya da farko sun musanta shiga cikin harbi, [1] amma daga baya sun bayyana cewa sun tura sojoji zuwa ƙofar haraji bisa umarnin gwamnan Jihar Legas. [2][3] Wata daya bayan harbi, biyo bayan wani shirin CNN game da harbi, Sojojin Najeriya sun yarda da kwamitin binciken shari'a na Legas game da harbe-harbe cewa sun tura ma'aikatanta zuwa ƙofar haraji tare da harsashi na rayuwa da babu komai. [4][5]

## Tarihi

### Rikicin Sojojin Najeriya da suka gabata
Sojojin Najeriya an san su da bude wuta da kashe fararen hula marasa makami a abubuwan da suka faru a baya, mafi mahimmanci shine kisan kiyashi na Zaria na 2015 [1] da kuma harin 2018 a kan Musulmai Shi'a waɗanda ke zanga-zanga game da ɗaurin wani limami wanda aka kashe 'yan Najeriya 45. [2] An kashe 'ya'ya maza uku na Sheikh El-Zakzaky tare da wasu mabiyan Sheikh 30 a ranar 25 ga Yuli, 2014. Tun lokacin da kasar ta dawo mulkin farar hula a shekarar 1999, sojoji sun kashe fararen hula marasa makami a abubuwan da suka faru da yawa ciki har da: Odi, Zaki Biam, Baga, [3] Zaria, [4] da Abonema.[5][6][7] Abin da ya faru a Lekki tollgate a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 2020, duk da haka ya saba wa misalai da ke sama kamar yadda shaidun da aka rubuta a cikin rahoton da aka ɓoye na kwamitin binciken shari'a da kuma takarda mai farin da kwamitin gwamnatin Jihar Legas ya fitar don sake duba rahoton da aka ambata a sama ba su goyi bayan labarin cewa kisan kiyashi ya faru a lekki tollgate ba. Kodayake membobin kwamitin sun dogara ne kawai akan shaidar da aka bayar ta hanyar mai shaida don isa ga ƙarshe, shaidar ƙwararru ta likitan cututtuka da ƙungiyoyi biyu na likitanci da gwamnatin Jihar Legas suka shiga duk da haka ba su goyi bayan taƙaitaccen rahoton shafi 309 ba.

### Ƙarshen SARS
 

**Ƙarshen SARS** ƙungiya ce ta zamantakewar jama'a da jerin zanga-zangar jama'a game da zalunci na 'yan sanda a Najeriya. Taken ya yi kira ga rushewar Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS).

A cikin 2016, wani mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam, Segun Awosanya wanda aka fi sani da Segalink ya fara kamfen din EndSARS a kan kafofin sada zumunta wanda ya sa hukumomin 'yan sanda su sanar da sake fasalin sashin' yan sanda amma babu wani abu da aka samu a lokacin.[1] A cikin 2018, rapper na Najeriya Michael Ugochukwu Stephens, wanda aka fi sani da sunansa na Ruggedman, ya shiga kamfen ɗin don kawo ƙarshen zalunci na 'yan sanda ta hanyar sakin guda ɗaya mai taken, "Shin 'yan sanda abokinka?" [2]

zanga-zangar ta zama sananne a shekarar 2017 a kan Twitter ta amfani da hashtag #EndSARS don neman Gwamnatin Najeriya ta rushe da sake fasalin sashin 'yan sanda.

A cikin 'yan kwanaki na sabuntawa, wasu sun yi ikirarin nasara lokacin da, a ranar Lahadi, 11 ga Oktoba 2020, Sojojin Najeriya suka sanar da cewa za su rushe SARS.[1] Koyaya, mutane da yawa sun lura da irin wannan alkawura a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kuma cewa gwamnati ta shirya sake sanyawa da sake duba jami'an SARS zuwa cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya maimakon cire su gaba ɗaya.[2] Harin da aka yi a ƙofar Lekki ya kawo karshen zanga-zangar nan da nan.

## Harin
A daren 20 ga Oktoba 2020, Sojojin Najeriya sun harbe masu zanga-zangar da ba su da makamai a ƙofar Lekki (a hukumance Admiralty Circle Plaza) a Legas, Najeriya.

A cewar Amnesty International, jim kadan kafin harbi, an cire kyamarorin CCTV daga ƙofar haraji. Gwamnatin Jihar Legas daga baya ta ce waɗannan kyamarori ne na laser ba kyamarori na CCTV ba kamar yadda aka yada a baya a kafofin sada zumunta.[1] Har ila yau, an yanke fitilun da ke samar da wutar lantarki zuwa ƙofar haraji kuma an kashe allon talla, wanda Loatsad Media ke mallakar kuma ke kula da shi.[2] Loatsad Media ya bayyana cewa, "A ranar Talata [20 ga Oktoba] lokacin da aka sanar da dokar hana fita mun saurari gargadi na gwamnan kuma ba sa son ma'aikatanmu cikin wani haɗari, saboda haka da karfe 3 na yamma, an umarci ma'aikatan mu su bar shafin kuma an kashe hukumar bisa ga bukatar dokar hana fita ta gwamnan. " MTN da Airtel sun sami raguwa a lokacin zanga-zangar.[3] MTN Najeriya ta nemi gafara daga baya a wannan dare saboda asarar ɗaukar hoto a lokacin harbi.[2] A ranar 21 ga Oktoba, Kungiyar Masu Gudanar da Sadarwa ta Najeriya (ALTON), ta fitar da wata sanarwa da ke bayanin cewa lokacin da aka samu a lokacin kisan kiyashi ya kasance sakamakon lalacewar igiyoyin fiber a fadin manyan hanyoyi a cikin birni wanda ya haifar da tarwatsawa da sabis na cibiyar sadarwa mara kyau.[4] Bayan saƙon da ya bazu a kafofin sada zumunta cewa masu zanga-zangar za su kasance lafiya idan sun raira waƙar yabo ta kasa kuma suka girgiza tutar Najeriya. Masu zanga-zangar sun zauna tare da makamai da aka kulle suna raira waƙar yabo ta Najeriya kuma suna ɗaga tutar Najeriya a cikin hutu. Sojoji ashirin da ke dauke da makamai sun kusanci kuma daga bidiyon taron ya nuna su suna ɗaga muryoyin su a cikin waƙa yayin da sojoji masu dauke da makami suka harbe su.[5]

Wani mashahurin DJ na Najeriya, DJ Switch, ya watsa taron a kan Instagram a lokacin da kuma bayan harbin. A cikin faifan bidiyon, sun yi yunkurin cire harsashi daga kafar mutumin da aka harba, inda ya daura tutar Najeriya a kafarsa. [1] [2] Nigerian disc jockey DJ Switch ta yi bidiyo kai tsaye na harbin a shafinta na Instagram. [3] Ko da yake wasu faifan bidiyo da faifan gani da ido da yawa sun bayyana bayan harbin, raye-rayen za su zama tabbataccen shaida na harbin. A cikin wani faifan bidiyo da aka yi a ranar 23 ga Oktoba, ta bayyana cewa ta ga yadda aka harbe mutane bakwai a lokacin da ta ke ta yada kai tsaye a Instagram. Ta ce sojoji da jami’an ‘yan sanda dauke da makamai sun harbe ta tare da wasu masu zanga-zangar lumana ta #EndSARS a kofar karbar haraji a daren ranar 20 ga watan Oktoba kuma daga cikin su akwai jami’an rundunar SARS da aka rusa. Ta kuma ce adadin wadanda suka mutu ya karu zuwa goma sha biyar, amma ba ta samu damar yin nadi ba, saboda batirin wayarta ya mutu. Ta ci gaba da cewa akalla mutane 15 ne suka mutu a harbe-harbe kuma ita da sauran wadanda suka tsira sun kai gawarwakin sojojin da suka tafi da su. [4] Tun daga nan ta bar ƙasar zuwa Kanada sakamakon barazanar da aka yi mata. [5] [6]

Mai ba da shawara game da haɗari na Legas, SBM Intelligence ya kiyasta, bisa ga shaidu da sabis na gaggawa, cewa akalla mutane arba'in da shida sun mutu a Najeriya a ranar Talata, 20 ga Oktoba bisa ga haka.[1] A cikin sa'o'i bayan harbi, People's Gazette, wata jarida ta yankin, ta ba da rahoton cewa sojoji sun yi ƙoƙari su ba da gawawwakin tara ga 'yan sanda don taimaka musu su binne. 'Yan sanda sun ki amincewa da gawawwakin.[2]

A cikin bincike mai zaman kansa game da harin, Jaridar Wall Street ta bincika shirye-shiryen bidiyo daban-daban daga kafofin sada zumunta kuma ta kammala cewa hakika kisan kiyashi ya faru ne a Lekki.[1] Wani cikakken rahoto daga jaridar Najeriya, Premium Times, ya tabbatar da abubuwan da suka haifar da kisan kiyashi, yunkurin rufewa, da kuma watsar da wadanda Gwamnatin Jihar Legas ta shafa.[2]

## Wadanda suka mutu
A cikin wani rahoto a ranar 21 ga Oktoba, Amnesty International ta bayyana cewa an kashe akalla masu zanga-zangar 12 a cikin abin da kungiyar ta bayyana a matsayin "kisan kai ba tare da shari'a ba".[1] Wani tsohon mai siyarwa tare da Kamfanin Sadarwa na Etisalat (yanzu 9Mobile) an ruwaito shi yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka mutu.[2] Da yake musanta wannan, Gwamnan Jihar Legas, Babajide Sanwo-Olu, ya yi iƙirarin cewa babu wanda aka kashe a Lekki kuma daga baya ya wallafa a Twitter cewa mutum daya ya mutu a asibiti sakamakon rauni mai karfi a kai, kuma cewa alaƙar da zanga-zangar tana cikin bincike.[3] Sojojin Najeriya sun musanta alhakin harbi, suna mai cewa rahotanni na kafofin watsa labarai "labaran karya ne".[1]

A cewar wadanda lamarin ya faru, sojoji sun hana motocin daukar marasa lafiya ba da agaji tare da kwashe gawarwaki daga wurin da lamarin ya faru. [1]

A cikin shaidar a lokacin Afrilu da Mayu 2021 a gaban Kwamitin Shari'a na Jihar Legas, wani shaida ya bayyana cewa ta hanyar lissafin da ta yi bisa ga wani bangare na shaidar bidiyo akalla mutane 10 sun mutu a harbi. A cewar rahoton Premium Times, za su iya ƙidaya gawawwaki biyar daga bidiyon tare da ƙarin raunin da yawa.[1]

A ranar 23 ga watan Yulin 2023, Gwamnan Jihar Legas Babajide Sanwo-Olu ya amince da binnewar masu zanga-zangar 103 da suka rasa rayukansu a lokacin lamarin EndSars.[1]

## Sakamakon haka
A ranar harbi, a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 2020, gwamnati ta sanya dokar hana fita a duk faɗin gari a Legas wanda zai fara da karfe 4 na yamma wanda aka sanar da shi a baya a wannan rana da misalin karfe 1 na yamma ta hanyar kafofin sada zumunta.[1] Masu zanga-zangar sun kalubalanci dokar hana fita ko da yake daga baya Gwamnan Jihar Legas ya tsawaita shi har zuwa karfe 9 na yamma, suna gudanar da zanga-zambe da yawa, kuma ana iya jin karar bindiga a duk fadin birnin.[2] Wutar da yawa ta ƙone a ko'ina cikin Legas bayan harbi.[3] Bayan 'yan sa'o'i bayan kisan kiyashi, Gwamnan Jihar Legas ya ziyarci wadanda suka ji rauni a asibitoci a Legas. A cikin wata sanarwa a kan Twitter, ya danganta kisan kiyashi ga "dakarun da ba za mu iya sarrafawa kai tsaye ba".[4]

Kwanaki masu zuwa bayan kisan kiyashin na Lekki ya sha fama da tashin hankali daga 'yan iskan da ba su da alaka da zanga-zangar #EndSars. [1] An fara wawashe shaguna, kone-kone da lalata dukiyoyin mutane masu zaman kansu da na gwamnati a wasu sassa na Legas a cikin daren da aka yi wannan kisan gilla, kuma aka yi ta bazuwa da safe har sai da aka baza jami'an soji a titunan Legas don dawo da kwanciyar hankali da kwanciyar hankali.

## Halin da aka yi
A cikin wata sanarwa da aka yi a ranar 22 ga Oktoba 2020, Shugaban Najeriya Muhammadu Buhari ya yi kira ga kwanciyar hankali kuma ya ce zai inganta sauye-sauyen 'yan sanda; duk da haka, bai bayar da wata sanarwa ba ko kuma ya amince da kisan kiyashi a ƙofar Lekki.[1]

Dan takarar shugaban kasa na Amurka Joe Biden ya yi kira ga gwamnatin Najeriya da ta dakatar da "hargitsi mai tsanani a kan masu zanga-zangar".[1] Tsohon Sakataren Harkokin Wajen Amurka Hillary Clinton ya wallafa a shafin Twitter cewa ya kamata hukumomin Najeriya su "dakatar da kashe matasa masu zanga-zangar #EndSARS".[1]

Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam Michelle Bachelet ya bayyana [1] cewa "Babu wata shakka cewa wannan lamari ne na yawan amfani da karfi, wanda ya haifar da kashe-kashen da ba bisa ka'ida ba tare da bindigogi masu rai, ta sojojin Najeriya". [2] Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya António Guterres ya ce haƙƙin 'yan Najeriya na "don yin zanga-zanga cikin lumana yana buƙatar tabbatarwa" kuma "yaƙin' yan sanda yana buƙatar dakatar, kuma waɗanda ke da alhakin irin wannan tashin hankali mai ban mamaki suna da alhaki".[2]

Shugaban Hukumar Tarayyar Afirka ya yi Allah wadai da tashin hankali sosai.[1] Sakataren Harkokin Waje na Burtaniya Dominic Raab ya nuna damuwa da tsoro game da rahotanni na mutuwar fararen hula, yana kira ga kawo karshen tashin hankali.[2]

Dan kwallon Najeriya Odion Ighalo ya ce yana jin kunyar gwamnatin Najeriya. [1] [2] 'yan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Najeriya ciki har da Ngozi Okobi-Okeoghene, sun yi tir da kisan kiyashin. [3]

A cikin hadin kai da kuma girmamawa ga "jarumai da suka fadi", mawaƙin Najeriya Burna Boy ya fitar da waƙar da ake kira 20:10:20, wanda ke nuna ranar kisan kiyashin Lekki.[1]

A ranar 21 ga Nuwamba 2020, kwanaki 34 bayan lamarin, Sojojin Najeriya sun yarda bayan makonni na musanta cewa an tura ma'aikatanta cikin motocin soja. Har ila yau, ya ce an ba sojoji harsashi da rai da babu komai, amma ya daina bayyana wanda ya ba da umarni.[1] Wannan sanarwa ta zo ne bayan makonni na musantawa daga Sojojin Najeriya cewa ba a taɓa tura ma'aikatanta a Lekki Toll Gate a daren kisan kiyashi ba.

Akalla an yi wa masu zanga-zangar shida duka kuma an kama wasu 13 a wurin gadar a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu 2021.[1]

## Kwamitin Bincike na Shari'a
A ranar 26 ga Oktoba, gwamnatin Jihar Legas ta kafa Kwamitin Bincike na Shari'a don bincika abubuwan da suka faru a lokacin zanga-zangar EndSARS da kuma gano wanda ya harbe masu zanga-zambe, wadanda abin ya shafa, yawan diyya da ya kamata a samu, kuma wanda ya kamata a gurfanar da shi.[1][2] Kwamitin mambobi takwas yana karkashin jagorancin Doris Okuwobi, mai shari'a mai ritaya. Mambobin kwamitin sun kasance Mataimakin Sufeto Janar na 'yan sanda Fredrick Taiwo Lakanu lauya, Mista Ebun-Olu Adegboruwa SAN da Ms. Patience Patrick Udoh dukansu lauyoyi masu aiki a Legas an nada su a matsayin wakilan Cibiyar Jama'a. Segun Awosanya (Segalink) an nada daya daga cikin wadanda suka fara kamfen din EndSARS a cikin kwamitin da ke wakiltar masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam. An nada Mista Lucas Koyejo a matsayin wakilin Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Kasa kuma Misis Toyin Odunsanya, yanzu Alkalin Babban Kotun Legas, Gwamnatin Jihar Legas ce ta nada ta daga Darakta na 'Yancin' Yan Kasa, Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Jihar Legos Rinu Oduala da Majekodunmi Temitope wakilan matasa ne.[3][4]

Bayan kiran da kwamitin ta yi na gabatar da korafe-korafe game da zalunci na 'yan sanda, mutane da yawa da aka kashe sun aika da rahotanni masu banƙyama game da azabtarwa, kisan kai, da sauran cin zarafin' yan adam da' yan sanda suka yi.

A lokacin ziyarar da aka kai wurin kisan kiyashi na Lekki Toll Gate, kwamitin ya sami harsashi da aka yi amfani da shi.[1] An hana kwamitin shiga asibitin soja da ake zargi da rike da gawawwakin wadanda abin ya shafa sama da minti 30 amma lokacin da kwamitin ya sami damar shiga cikin kayan aikin an same shi da gangan a karkashin gyare-gyare kuma babu komai.[2]

A ranar 30 ga watan Nuwamba, 2020, Rundunar Sojojin Najeriya ta amince da cewa sojojinta na dauke da harsashi mai rai a lokacin da suka bude wuta kan masu zanga-zangar a wajen zanga-zangar a Legas.  Birgediya Ahmed Taiwo, Kwamandan rundunar leken asiri ta soji ta 81 a lokacin da yake bayar da shaida ga kwamitin shari'a ya kuma yi zargin cewa gwamnan jihar Legas, Babajide Sanwo-Olu ya bukaci sojojin Najeriya su shiga tsakani. Taiwo ya kara da cewa Sanwo-Olu ya kira babban hafsan soji da kuma babban kwamandan runduna ta 81 (GOC) ta 81, yana mai cewa ‘yan sanda sun yi galaba a kansu. 

Rahoton binciken da Sentinel Forensics suka gudanar wanda kwamitin ya yi amfani da shi don bincika shaidar da Sojojin Najeriya suka gabatar, bindigogi da kwamitin ya gano a wurin, da kuma tef na CCTV a ƙofar haraji ya nuna cewa 'yan sanda da jami'an sojoji sun ci gaba da harbi masu zanga-zangar duk da cewa suna gudu. Kwamitin ya gano cewa an kashe mutane tara.

Gwamnatin Najeriya ta ki amincewa da rahoton, tare da Lai Mohammed yana danganta martani na kafofin watsa labarai ga harbi a matsayin "nasara na labarai na karya da tsoratar da mafi rinjaye ta hanyar taron jama'a masu ƙarfi".[1]

## Shirin CNN
A ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, wata daya bayan lamarin, CNN ta watsa wani shirin minti shida game da harbi, [1] binciken mai zaman kansa ya nuna hotunan da aka yi wa wadanda abin ya shafa da asusun shaidu, da kuma iyalan wadanda abin ya faru, tare da tabbatar da bidiyo na harbi ta amfani da alamun lokaci da bayanai daga fayilolin bidiyo. CNN ta ce hukumomin Najeriya sun ki yin tsokaci lokacin da aka tuntube su don bayyanawa. Shirin ya kuma bayyana cewa tare da hadin gwiwar Cibiyar Bincike ta Balkan, CNN ta sami damar tabbatar da cewa da yawa daga cikin harsashi daga Lekki Toll Gate, sun samo asali ne daga Serbia daga inda Najeriya ta shigo da harsashi a kowace shekara tsakanin 2005 da 2016. Shirin ya haifar da wani yunkuri na fushi, a wannan lokacin galibi ga masu sauya labarin da hukumomin Najeriya suka yi a fuskar shaidar tsirara. A cikin martani, Sojojin Najeriya sun nace cewa mambobinta 'masu sana'a ne a cikin halayensu' kuma ba su karya ka'idojin shiga ba.[2] Ministan Bayanai na Najeriya, Lai Mohammed, ya zargi CNN da 'yan jarida mara alhakin' kuma ya bayyana shirin shirin na samfurin labarai na karya da yaudara.[3]

A ranar 24 ga Nuwamba, a matsayin wani ɓangare na bincikensa game da harbi, CNN ta sami kuma ta saki hotunan CCTV daga kyamarorin sa ido na gwamnati da ke kallon ƙofar haraji da aka gabatar wa kwamitin binciken shari'ar Legas da ke binciken zalunci na 'yan sanda, cin zarafin da aka rushe SARS da harbi na ƙofar harajin.[1] Hotunan CCTV da sauran hotuna daga wurin a lokacin sun nuna sojoji suna harbi masu zanga-zangar daga bangarorin biyu na Toll Gate. Tabbatar da shaidar da kamfanin Lekki Concession Company ya bayar ga kwamitin, fim din ya tsaya da misalin karfe 8 na yamma saboda an lalata CCTV, don samar da murfin harbi.[2][3] Ko da yake har yanzu ba su samar da wata hujja ba, hukumomin Najeriya sun ci gaba da musanta cewa sojoji sun harbe masu zanga-zangar.[4][5]

## DJ Switch
A ranar 9 ga Nuwamba 2020, kwanaki 20 bayan kisan kiyashi, DJ Switch wanda ya sami shahara a duk faɗin ƙasar saboda ta kai harbi, an ba shi damar mafaka a Kanada bayan barazanar da aka yi mata a rayuwarta, tare da babban abokinta Salami Eric Adomokhar, wanda aka ruwaito ya ɓace.[1] An ci gaba da zanga-zangar daidai da haka, yayin da jihar Najeriya ta ci gaba da tsarin tashin hankali, gami da kashe masu zanga-zambe. Rahotanni da ba a tabbatar da su ba sun ce ta ba da labarin wahalar da ta samu a gaban Kwamitin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Duniya na Kwamitin Dindindin kan Harkokin Waje da Ci gaban Kasa da Kasa na Majalisar dokokin Kanada.

## 2021 Karshen zanga-zangar tunawa da SARS
Bayan zanga-zangar End SARS, masu gwagwarmayar End SARS sun ba da sanarwar cewa za a sami abin tunawa don yin alama da harbe-harbe na Lekki. A ranar 19 ga Oktoba 2021, Mista Macaroni da Falz sun ba da sanarwar cewa za a gudanar da zanga-zangar a cikin motoci, dangane da sakon da Rundunar 'yan sanda ta jihar Legas ta haramta kowane irin zanga-zambe. An gudanar da zanga-zangar ne mafi yawa a Legas, Abuja, da Port Harcourt, da sauransu.

## Hukuncin kotun ECOWAS 2024
A ranar 10 ga Yulin 2024, Kotun Shari'a ta ECOWAS ta yanke hukuncin cewa gwamnatin Najeriya tana da laifin cin zarafin bil'adama saboda ayyukansu a lokacin zanga-zangar #EndSARS a Lekki tollgate a watan Oktoba 2020. [1][2] Kotun ta gano cewa gwamnati ta keta ka'idojin kare hakkin dan adam da yawa na kasa da kasa, gami da Yarjejeniyar Afirka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a, kuma ta umarci gwamnati da ta biya diyya miliyan 10 ga kowane wanda aka ambata a cikin karar.[3]

## Manazarta