Tsibirin Kuril

**Tsibirin Kuril** ko **Tsibirin Kurile**  tsibiran tsibiri ne mai aman wuta da ake gudanarwa a matsayin wani yanki na yankin Sakhalin a Gabas mai Nisa na Rasha .  Tsibirin sun shimfiɗa kusan  arewa maso gabas daga Hokkaido a Japan zuwa Kamchatka Peninsula a Rasha, ya raba Tekun Okhotsk daga arewacin Tekun Pacific . Akwai tsibirai 56 da ƙananan tsibirai da yawa. Tsibirin Kuril sun ƙunshi Babban Sarkar Kuril kuma, a ƙarshen kudu maso yamma, daidaitaccen Sarkar Kuril Karamin .  Ƙungiya mai suna 'Kuril Kudu' ta ƙunshi na Ƙarƙashin Kuril Sarkar tare da Kunashir da Iturup a cikin Babban Kuril Sarkar. Mashigin Vries tsakanin Iturup da Urup shine layin Miyabe wanda ke raba Kuril Arewa da Kudu. Tsibirin Kuril sun mamaye fadin fadin kasa ,  tare da yawan jama'a kusan 20,000. 

Tsibirin na karkashin gwamnatin Rasha ne tun bayan mamayewar da Tarayyar Soviet ta yi a shekarar 1945 a kusa da karshen yakin duniya na biyu . Kasar Japan ta yi ikirarin tsibirai hudu na kudu, wadanda suka hada da biyu daga cikin manyan uku ( Iturup da Kunashir ), a matsayin wani bangare na yankinta, da Shikotan da tsibiran Habomai da ba su da yawan jama'a, wanda ya haifar da takaddamar tsibirin Kuril . An san tsibiran da ake takaddama a kai a Japan da sunan "Yankunan Arewa". 

## Etymology
Sunan *Kuril* ya samo asali ne daga sunan da ɗan asalin Ainu ya yi amfani da shi ga tsibiran, *kur*, ma'ana 'mutum'. Hakanan yana iya kasancewa yana da alaƙa da sunaye na wasu tsibiran waɗanda  mutanen Ainu suke zama kamar *Kuyi* ko *Kuye* na Sakhalin da *Kai* na Hokkaido . A cikin Jafananci, ana kiran tsibirin Kuril da tsibiran Chishima ( Kanji :, lit. '   ), da kuma a matsayin tsibirin Kuriru ( Katakana da Kanji:  ). Da 'yan Rasha suka gano tsibiran a ƙarni na 18, sai suka ƙirƙiri wani ƙa'idar ƙa'idar da aka samo daga  na Rasha.  'don shan taba' saboda dawwamammen tulu masu aman wuta da ke fitowa daga tsibiran' volcanoes masu kama da hayaki.

## Geography da yanayi

Tsibirin Kuril sun kasance wani ɓangare na zoben rashin kwanciyar hankali na tectonic da ke kewaye da Tekun Fasifik da ake kira Zoben Wuta . Tsibiran da kansu manyan kololu ne na manyan tukwane da ke faruwa kai tsaye sakamakon rugujewar Tekun Pasifik a karkashin Plate Okhotsk, wanda ya zama mashigar Kuril mai nisan  gabas na tsibiran. Sarkar tana da kusan tsaunuka 100, wasu 40 daga cikinsu suna aiki, da maɓuɓɓugan zafi da yawa da fumaroles . Ana yawan gudanar da girgizar ƙasa, gami da girgizar ƙasa mai girman awo 8.5 a 1963 da ma'aunin ma'aunin 8.3 da aka rubuta a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 2006, wanda ya haifar da igiyar igiyar ruwa ta tsunami har zuwa  isa gabar tekun California .  Tsibirin Raikoke, kusa da tsakiyar tsibiran, yana da wani dutse mai ƙarfi wanda ya sake fashe a watan Yunin 2019, wanda hayaƙi ya kai  .

## Tarihi

### Tarihin farko

Mutanen Ainu sun zauna a tsibirin Kuril tun daga farko, ko da yake 'yan rubuce-rubuce sun kasance kafin karni na 17. Daga zamanin Kamakura zuwa zamanin Muromachi, akwai mutanen Ezo (Ainu) da ake kira Hinomoto daga Tekun Pacific na Hokkaido zuwa yankin Kuril, kuma Mista Ando, Ezo Sateshiku da Ezo Kanrei, ne ke kula da wannan ("Suwa Daimyojin Ekotoba"). An ce lokacin da rikici ya barke a Ezogashima, ya tura sojoji daga Tsugaru. Ayyukanta sun haɗa da Kanto Gomensen, wanda ke kiran kansa da Ando Suigun, kuma yana da tushe a Jusanminato ("Kaisen Shikimoku"), yana ba da kayayyakin Japan ga Ezo da kuma sayen kayayyaki masu yawa na arewa tare da jigilar su a cikin ƙasa. ("Tituna Goma sha Uku").Ƙabilar Matsumae, mai mulkin ƙasar Japan, ta sami 'yancin kai daga dangin Ando (iyalin Goro Ando). Gwamnatin Jafananci ta fara ɗaukar ikon mallakar tsibiran ne a lokacin Edo (1603-1868) ta hanyar da'awar dangin Matsumae .  *Taswirar [[Shōhō|Shōhō Era]] [[Kuniezu|na Japan]]* ( Shōhō kuni ezu  ), taswirar Japan da Tokugawa Shogunate ya yi a 1644 ** &#x5B; &#x5D; manyan tsibirai 39 a arewa maso gabashin Hokkaido's Shiretoko Peninsula da Cape Nosappu . Wani balaguro na Dutch karkashin Maarten Gerritsz Vries ya binciko tsibiran a 1643. Fedot Alekseyevich Popov ya shiga cikin yankin  .  Cossacks na Rasha sun sauka a Shumshu a cikin 1711. 

## Jerin manyan tsibiran
Duk da yake a cikin tushen Rasha An ambaci tsibiran a karo na farko a cikin 1646, mai binciken Vladimir Atlasov ya ba da cikakken bayani game da su a cikin 1697. A cikin ƙarni na 18 da farkon 19th, an bincika tsibirin Kuril: Danila Antsiferov, I. Kozyrevsky, Ivan Yevreinov  , Fyon Span, Fyo, da Kuril Islands. Krusenstern, Vasily Golovnin, da Henry James Snow.
Fayil:Yuzhno-Kurilsk_anchor.jpg| Yuzhno-Kurilsk, Kunashir
Fayil:214_1426_Sev_Kur_main_street_wiki.jpg| Severo-Kurilsk, Paramushir
Fayil:Atlasov.jpg| Atlasov
Fayil:Iturup_volcano_Bogdan_Khmelnitsky.jpg|alt=A view of the volcano Bogdan Khmelnitsky on Iturup Island| Duban dutsen mai aman wuta Bogdan Khmelnitsky a tsibirin Iturup
Fayil:Вулкан_Тятя_с_вулкана_Менделеева.jpg|alt=Mendeleyeva in the southern part of Kunashir| Mendeleyeva a kudancin yankin Kunashir
Fayil:Один_из_зубцов_вулкана_Менделеева.jpg|alt=Yuzhno-Kurilsky District| Yuzhno-Kurilsky gundumar
Fayil:Стратовулкан.jpg| Ebeko volcano, Paramushir
Fayil:Белые_скалы_5.jpg| White Rocks, Iturup
Teburin mai zuwa ya jera bayanai kan manyan tsibiran daga arewa zuwa kudu: 

## Manazarta