Sarakunan Gargajiya na Najeriya

**Sarakunan gargajiya na Najeriya galibi** sun samo asalin mukamansu ne tun daga masarautu masu zaman kansu ko kuma al'ummomi da suka wanzu kafin samar da Najeriya kasarmu ta yau. Duk da cewa wadannan *sarakunan* basu da cikakke iko a yanzu, amma duk da haka mutanensu na girmama su kuma suna da tasiri sosai acikin al'umma. 

Duk da cewa masu wadanda nnan matsayi suna gudanar da harkokin su na sarauta acikin salo irin na iyayen su da kakannisu, dauka cin huldodinsu da dangantakarsu da gwamnatocin yankunan su da na yankunan Najeriya baki daya na da alaka da irin matsayin manyan Mutanen Nahiyar Turai fiye da kuma irin na sarakunan asali.

## Tarihi

### Kafin zuwan Turawa

Najeriya ta yau ta kunshi kasashe wadanda kabilu da al'adu daban-daban na gargajiya suka mamaye tare da harsunan su da kuma al'adunsu. A takaitce dai, Inyamurai (Igbo) ne suka mamaye yankunan kudu maso gabashin kasar, yankin Neja Delta kuwa ta Kabilar Edo ce da sauran masu alaka da Inyamuranci, kudu maso yamma kuwa ta Yarabawa (Yoruna) ce da mutanen da ke da alaka sannan yankunan arewa mallakin Hausa da Fulani ne, tare da kungiyoyin kabilu daban-daban a cakude a Tsakiyar kasar a tsakanin arewa da kudancin kasar. Gaba daya akwai kabilu fiye da guda 200 a Najeriya. 

Kafin zuwan Turawan Ingila a karshen karni na 19, tarihin yankin ya kasance mai cike da rudani, tare da lokutan da masarautu irin su Oyo, Benin, Kanem-Bornu da kuma Sokoto suka sami iko akan manyan yankuna, da sauran lokutan da jihohin suka kasance mafi rarrabuwa. Duk da cewa tsarin mulki ya sha bamban a tsakanin kabilu daban -daban, ya zama abu na gama gari ga kowane gari ko tarin garuruwa da su tsayar da shugaba guda daya don ya jagorance su, wanda shima ta iya yiwuwa  yana mulki ne a karkashin wani babban sarki. Don haka aka raba khalifancin Sakkwato zuwa masarautu, inda sarakuna ke zama masu biyayya ga Sarkin Musulmi, duk da cewa a wasu lokutan suna yin sarauta da ikonsu.

### Zamanin mulkin mallaka
Turawa sun dade suna kasuwanci da jihohin da ke gabar teku, musamman suna musayar auduga da sauran kayayyakin da aka sarrafa don bayi da kayayyakin dabino a cibiyoyi irin su Calabar, Bonny da Lagos . An kafa Tsaron Tekun Neja a shekara 1891 sannan akwai wani karamin yanki a bakin tekun. A tsakanin shekarun 1879–1900 Kamfanin Royal Niger ya yi wani yunkuri na kwace ikon cikin gida, ta amfani da horo na sojoji masu dauke da bindigar Maxim, da yin yarjejeniyoyin “kariya” tare da sarakunan yankin. An sayar da yankin kamfanin ga gwamnatin Burtaniya a shekarar 1900, inda yankin kudancin ya hade da yankin Niger Coast Protectorate don zama Kudancin Najeriya Mai Tsaro da Tsaron Arewacin Najeriya da ya rage. A shekara ta 1914 an hade biyun zuwa cikin Turawan Mulkin Mallaka da Najeriya, tare da iyakokinsu daidai da na Najeriya ta zamani.  

Babban Kwamishinan Burtaniya na Arewacin Najeriya, Lord Frederick Lugard, ya yi kokarin yin sarauta ta hannun sarakunan gargajiya, kuma daga baya aka fadada wannan hanyar zuwa kudu. Wanda ya maye gurbin Lugard Hugh Clifford ya bar wannan tsarin a arewa, inda tsarin masarautar yake da al'adun gargajiya, amma ya gabatar da majalisar dokoki tare da wasu zababbun membobi a kudanci, yana mai da sarakunan gargajiya zuwa manyan ayyuka na alama.  Bayan lokaci, dangantaka tsakanin gwamnatin mulkin mallaka da sarakunan gargajiya ta bunkasa. Misali, 'yan kabilar Tiv, a lokacin kabila ta hudu mafi girma a kasar, koyaushe sun kasance masu rarrabuwar kawuna saboda haka ba su da babban mai mulki. .

### Najeriya mai zaman kanta

Tare da samun 'yancin kai a shekara ta alif 1960, sai kuma sauye -sauyen gwamnatocin dimokuradiyya da na soji, matsayin sarakunan gargajiya ya ci gaba. A arewa, daga baya sarakunan sun rasa madafun iko ga gwamnatin gwamnati, duk da cewa ana yawan gudanar da ayyukan ta manyan mutane. Inda a baya masu mulki suka sami mukami sosai ta hanyar gado ko ta hanyar nadin majalisar dattawa, yanzu gwamnati na kara shiga cikin maye. Don haka, a watan Mayun 1994, mulkin soja Janar Sani Abacha ya sauke Awwal Ibrahim, Sarkin Suleja, duk da cewa daga baya aka dawo da shi aiki a watan Janairun 2000.

A wasu lokuta, gwamnati ta hadu ko ta raba yankunan gargajiya. Misali, akwai sarakuna biyu na mutanen Efik a yankin da ke kusa da Calabar, amma a watan Disambar shekara ta alif 1970 an amince a hada ofishin zuwa guda ɗaya wanda wani mai sarauta da ake kira *Obong* zai rike.  Lokacin da aka kirkiri jihar Yobe masarautu guda hudu ne kacal, amma a watan Janairun shekara ta 2000 gwamnan jihar Bukar Abba Ibrahim ya sake fasalin jihar zuwa 13.  Gwamnati ta ci gaba da rabe -raben mulkin mallaka. Kamar wancan lokacin Jihar Kwara gwamnan Bukola Saraki nada uku sabon wadanada a watan Agustan shekara ta 2010, sabon Sarkin Kaiama aka kaddamarda wani farko aji basaraken yayin da Onigosun na Igosun da Alaran na Aran-Orin aka kaddamarda uku aji wadanada. 

Sarakunan gargajiya a yau har yanzu ana girmama su sosai a cikin al'ummomi da yawa, kuma suna da tasirin siyasa da tattalin arziki.

Kodayake ba su da wani matsayi a cikin tsarin dimokiradiyya, akwai gasa mai karfi don kujerun sarauta a tsakanin madaidaitan sarakunan da suka cancanta. Sarakuna kuma za su iya ba da lakabi gargajiya ko na girmamawa a cikin tsarin sarautun Najeriya . Wadannan lakabi zo da ex officio matsayi a cikin "gwamnatocin", kuma ma yan kasuwa da 'yan siyasa sau da yawa sun sanya girma darajar a nemowa irin wannan lakabi. 

Masu mulki suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yin sulhu tsakanin mutane da jihar, habaka asalin kasa, warware kananan rikice-rikice da samar da isasshen tsaro na ma'aikata don galibi rashin isassun ofisoshin gwamnati.  Dalili daya na tasirin su na iya kasancewa mutanen kabilu da yawa ba su da iyawar sadarwa a cikin harshen Ingilishi na hukuma, don haka basaraken gargajiya ya zama mai fassara da mai magana da yawun.  Ya zuwa watan Yuni na shekara ta alif 2010, jihar Akwa Ibom tana da sarakunan gargajiya guda 116 tare da takaddun shaida daga jihar. Sun karɓi sabbin motoci akan nadin nasu, da sauran fa'idodi. Shugaban Akwa Ibom majalisa na mashãwarta ce cewa a cikin sama, da gargajiya ubanninsu sun kasance alhakin hana sace-sacen mutane a cikin yankuna.

## Laƙabi
Kasancewar akwai yaruka guda 521 daban -daban na asalin Najeriya, akwai laƙabi da yawa na sarakunan gargajiya.

A arewacin Musulmi jihohi, Emir ne fiye da amfani a cikin harshen Turanci, amma sunayen a cikin gida harsuna hada da Sarki, Shehu, Mai, Etsu da Lamido.

A yankin tsakiyar Najeriya, ana rike mukamai daban -daban. Misali shine Aku Uka na masarautar Kwararafa, sarkin gargajiya na Jukun, wanda kujerar sa ke Wukari, jihar Taraba . Ana amfani da Agwam a tsakanin mutanen Atyap, Kpop tsakanin Ham ; Agwom tsakanin Adara, Afizere, Bakulu da Gbong Gwom ta Berom a kudancin jihar Kaduna da jihar Filato . Tiv da Oche na Idoma na jihar Benue suna amfani da Tor. Long da kuma Ngolong ana amfani da Goemai da Ngas, bi da bi, da kuma Ponzhi aka yi amfani da Tarok, duk a Jihar Filato.

Ohinoyi da Ohimegye aka yi amfani da Ebira a Kogi da kuma Nasarawa Amirka. Koro Wachi ne ke amfani da ere; Aren Shin ta Eggon, Etum da Tum ana amfani da su ta Numana, Ninzam, Nikyob-Nindem; Chun da Chu ta Mada da Kuma yaren Buh Wamba da  na duk kudancin Kaduna da jihohin Nasarawa da Oriye Rindre inji mawallafi Tarihi Danladi Makpa Jibrin.Attah ko Onu ana amfani da Igala na jihar Kogi kuma Nupe na Kogi, Niger, Kwara da Abuja da Dibo, Kakanda, BassaNge da Gbagyi ke amfani da Etsu a tsakiyar bel na kasar.

Oba shine babban masarautar Benin a jihar Edo . Enogie (jam'in enigie) da Okao (jam'i ikao) an danganta su ga sarakunansa da mataimakansa a masarautar Benin, yayin da Odionwere ya danganta ga gwamnoninsa ko manyan dattawa. A aikace, ba a shigar da enigie a cikin al'ummomi tare da ikao, saboda duka sarakunan gargajiya ne da wakilan Oba, wadanda ake tuhuma da gudanar da ayyukan al'ummomin su.

Onojie aka yi amfani da Esan al'umma da su koma zuwa ga daban-daban shugabanni a Jihar Edo, yayin da Afamai mutane amfani da Otaru da Okwokpellagbe. Ana kuma amfani da wasu laƙabi.

Daga cikin Urhobos da Isokos na jihar Delta, babban taken da ake amfani da shi shine Ovie. Wasu dangi suna amfani da lakabi masu alaka duk da haka, kamar Orodje, Orosuen, Ohworode, Odion-Ologbo, da Odio r'Ode.

Hakanan mutanen Efik, Ibibio da Annang na Jihohin Cross River da Akwa Ibom suna amfani da Obong.

Haka kuma Yarbawa suna amfani da Oba wajen ambaton sarakunansu daban -daban, duk da cewa wasu lakabi irin su Ooni, Alake, Alaafin, Awujale, Olomu, Akarigbo, Orangun, Olu'wo, Eleko, Olumushin da Eburu su ma ana amfani da su, musamman ga mutane da/ko wurin sarauta.

## Gallery

File:Sa'adu Abubakar -Sultan of Sokoto.jpg|Sa'adu Abubakar, Sarkin Musulmi kuma Sarkin Musulmi na Najeriya, Shugaban Majalisar Sarakunan Gargajiya na yanzu
File:Ooni Ogunwusi Enitan Adeyeye.jpg|Adeyeye Enitan Ogunwusi, Ooni na Ife, wanda yanzu shine Shugaban Majalisar Sarakunan Gargajiya ta Kasa
File:Afrikaabteilung in Ethnological Museum Berlin 29.JPG|Idia, Sarauniyar Uwar Benin
File:Mohammed el- Amin el-Kanemi 1826.jpg|Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi, Shehun Borno
File:Oduduwa groove where Oduduwa is believed to have descended.jpg|Oduduwa, Ooni na Ife
File:Adeniji Adele.jpg|Sir Adeniji Adele KBE, Sarkin Legas
File:His_Majesty_Nnaemeka_Achebe_2.jpg|Alfred Achebe, Obi na Onitsha
File:Odemo Akisanya After Being Ordained.JPG|Samuel Akisanya, Odemo na Isara
File:Oba Akenzua II, 1936 0327.0008.jpg|Akenzua II, Oba na Benin
File:Jaja of Opobo.jpg|Jaja, Amanyanaboh na Opobo
File:Statue of Chjef Nana of Koko and Palace.jpg|Nana Olomu, Babban Daraktan Itsekiri
File:Image of Emir Muhammad Sanusi II of Kano.jpg|Aminu Ado Bayero, Sarkin Kano
File:Aderemi Adesoji.jpg|Sir Adesoji Aderemi KCMG, Ooni na Ife
File:Yoruba Shango.jpg|Shango, Alaafin of Oyo
File:Eze Nri Obalike.jpg|Obalike, Eze Nri na Nri (yana buga kararrawa)
File:Abubakar Ibn Umar Garbai El-Kanemi of Borno.jpg|Abubakar Ibn Umar Garbai El-Kanemi, Shehun Borno
File:Igwe nnewi.jpg|Orizu III, Igwe na Nnewi
File:Ori Olokun.jpg|Olokun, Sarauniya Consort na Ife
File:Nachtigal Umar Borno.jpg|Umar, Shehu na Borno
File:Bida Durbar 2019.jpg|Yahaya Abubakar, Etsu Nupe na Bida
File:Kúmókụn - Ajimoko I.jpg|Ajimoko I, Owa na Ijeshaland
File:His Majesty, Eze Chukwuemeka Eri.jpg|Chukwuemeka Eri, Eze Eri na Aguleri
File:A. E. Allagoa.jpg|Ezeolisa Allagoa, Amanyanaboh na Nembe
File:Olowo Folagbade.jpeg|Folagbade Olateru Olagbegi III, Olowo na Owo (cikin jajayen jajayen murjani)
File:King-duke.jpg|Eyamba IX, Obong na Garin Duke
File:Ikenwoli Godfrey Emiko.jpg|Ikenwoli Godfrey Emiko, Olu na Warri
File:The Alaafin of Oyo, Oba Lamidi Adeyemi III and Oba Jimoh Olajide Titiloye, the 13th Olu of Igboora.jpg|Lamidi Adeyemi, Alaafin na Oyo (a dama) da Jimoh Olajide Titiloye, Olu na Igboora
File:KingOgbidiOkojie.JPG|Ogbidi Okojie, Onojie na Uromi kuma wani bangare na harem din sa mai yawa
File:Ibrahim Jibril - 2018 (cropped).jpg|Ibrahim Usman Jibril, Sarkin Nasarawa
File:Ojomo_Oluda.jpeg|Kofoworola Oladoyinbo Ojomo, Ojomo Oluda na Ijebu, Owo (cikin jajaye) tare da rakiyar wasu manyan abokan aikinsa
File:King Koko in His War Canoe.png|William Koko, Amanyanaboh na Nembe a cikin jirgin ruwan yakinsa (zaune a karkashin laima)
File:Efunroye Tinubu.jpg|Efunroye Tinubu, Princess Consort to Oba Adele Ajosun of Lagos and Paramount Chieftess of Egbaland
File:Adedotun Gbadebo.jpg|Adedotun Aremu Gbadebo III, Alake na Egbaland
File:The National Archives UK - CO 1069-64-34 (cropped).jpg|Ovonramwen, Oba na Benin da matansa Sarauniya Egbe (na hagu) da Sarauniya Aighobahi (a dama)


## Duba kuma

* Tarihin Najeriya
* Jerin jihohin gargajiya na Najeriya
* Masarautar Najeriya
* Jaridar Najeriya
* Royal regalia a Najeriya

## Manazarta