Atara Marmor

**Atara Marmor** (Betty-Anne-Atara Marmor, née Feuerwerker; Clairvivre ( Salagnac ), Dordogne, Faransa, Satumba 3, 1943 - Bet Shemesh, Isra'ila, Satumba 21, 2003) ƴar tarihi ce na Faransanci kuma mai tarin fasaha.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Atara Marmor a Clairvivre ( Salagnac ), Dordogne, a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu . Ita 'yar rabbi David Feuerwerker ce da kuma Antoinette Feuerwerker . Ita ce babba a cikin 'ya'ya 6, waɗanda sauran biyar ɗin aka haifa a gundumar 16 ta Paris . A lokacin haihuwarta, mahaifinta a hukumance shi ne rabbi na Brive-la-Gaillarde da sassa uku da ke makwabtaka da ita.

Mahaifinta, wanda aka yi masa gargaɗi a shekarar 1943 game da kama shi da 'yan sanda suka yi masa, ta hanyar ƙungiyar ' yan adawa ta Faransa, ya sami mafaka a Switzerland, ƙasarsa ta asali, tsawon watanni shida na ƙarshe na yaƙin. Mahaifiyarta, ta zauna tare da ita a Faransa. Ta riga ta sami mafaka mai yuwuwa, ga ita da jaririnta. Da rana ta yi ɓuya, sai ta je wurin waɗanda suka ba ta taimako, amma aka gaya mata: « *Yana da haɗari sosai!* ». Ba tare da wani madadin ba, Antoinette Feuerwerker ta sami mafaka a wani gidan sufi na Katolika . Mahaifiyar da 'yarta suna zaune a ɗaki ɗaya kuma sun tsira da dankali da ruwa. 

A lokacin 'Yantar da Faransa, rabbi David Feuerwerker ya zama Babban Malamin Lyon, kuma tare da matarsa, ya yi aiki a sake gina Yahudawan Faransa. Atara ta zauna a Lyon daga 1944 zuwa 1946, tare da iyayenta, a quai Tilsit.

A shekara ta 1946, an zaɓi malamin addini David Feuerwerker a matsayin malamin addini na Neuilly-sur-Seine . Daga nan suka zauna a Rue Ancelle shekaru 12. Atara za ta shiga cikin tarihin Fitowar SS . An ba wa Antoinette Feuerwerker kuɗin da aka yi niyyar jigilar su ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. Yana cikin ingots na zinariya, waɗanda a lokacin, mutane ba su da ikon mallaka. Antoinette Feuerwerker ta nemi wuri ta ɓoye su, kafin ta mayar da su.  where she learned American English. She spent one year in Mansfield (Ohio), living with Rabbi Harstein and his family. Ta zaɓi ta sanya su, ba tare da sanin mijinta ba, a ƙarƙashin gadonsa. Dalilinta shi ne cewa babu wanda zai yi zarginsa. Wata rana, Atara ta yi wasa a ƙasa, ta ga taska a ƙarƙashin gado. Mahaifiyarta ta gaya mata, « Waɗannan maɓallan zinare ne », don kada yaron ya yi magana, labarin ba zai yaɗu ba.

A shekarar 1948, malamin addinin Kirista David Feuerwerker ya zama malamin addinin Kirista na biyu mafi girma a birnin Paris, wato **Synagogue de la rue des Tournelles**, kuma iyalinsa sun zauna a lokacin yana da shekaru 14, a wurin des Vosges, a tsakiyar birnin Marais, har zuwa 1966. Atara ya yi makarantar sakandare a birnin Paris, musamman a makarantar Likitanci ta **Lycée Victor-Duruy** da kuma Lycée Fénelon .

A ƙarshen shekarunta na ƙuruciya, ta yi dogon zama a Amurka,  inda ta koyi Turancin Amurka. Ta yi shekara ɗaya a Mansfield ( Ohio ), tana zaune tare da Rabbi Harstein da iyalinsa.  Ta saba da salon rayuwar Amurka. Ta kammala takardar shaidar kammala karatun sakandare a Mansfield. Daga nan ta ƙaura zuwa New York . Matar Rebbe na Lubavitch, Menachem Mendel Schneerson, Rebbetzin Chaya Mushka Schneerson, ta nuna mata birnin Amurka.

Ta yi karatu a New York a Kwalejin Stern ta Mata ta Jami'ar Yeshiva .

Lokacin da mawakan Faransa, André Spire, suka mutu a shekarar 1966, malamin addinin Kirista David Feuerwerker ya jagoranci jana'izarsa. Iyalan André Spire sun nemi a yi musu jana'iza ta musamman a ƙaramin ƙauyensu da ke wajen birnin Paris, kuma suka nemi kasancewar Atara, abokiyar ɗan Spires tilo, Marie-Brunette,  kuma ta halarta.

Lokacin da danginta suka zauna a Montreal, Quebec, Atara ya yi karatun ilimin zamantakewa a Jami'ar Montréal . Sannan ta kammala karatun digirinta na Master a Tarihi a cikin 1976 akan *L'Histoire des mentalités: le concours de l'Académie de Metz dans les trois évêchés en 1785-1787-1788* . 

Ta shafe shekaru da dama tana bincike kan digirinta na uku a fannin Tarihin Zane-zane a kan shahararren mai zane Ludwig Mies van der Rohe da kuma Makarantar Bauhaus .

Tun tana ƙarama, tana sha'awar kiɗa (tana da azuzuwan goge na sirri tare da Monsieur Abraham Bourlinski,  wanda ya ba ta goge wanda daga baya ya raka ta tsawon rayuwarta.  ).

Tana son yin fenti. Daga ɗakin kwananta da ke kallon shahararren Place des Vosges, ta zana rayuwar tsohon Place Royale. 

Daga baya, ta taɓa yin aure da Murray Marmor, wani mai sayar da magunguna a Montreal, ƙwararren mai fasaha, ta zama ƙwararriya a fannin fasaha da zane-zane. Marmors, masu tattara kayan fasaha  sun ba da rancen ga gidajen tarihi wasu daga cikin kayan aikinsu kuma sun ba da kyaututtuka ga wasu. 

Atara da Murray Marmor suna da 'ya'ya biyu.

A lokacin da take ziyartar 'yarta a Ramat Bet Shemesh ( Isra'ila ), tana da shekaru 60, kwatsam a jajibirin bikin Yahudawa na Sukkot, a ranar 21 ga Satumba, 2003, ta mutu aka binne ta a Bet Shemesh. Ta yanke shawarar yin Aliyah tare da mijinta zuwa Isra'ila.

## Duba kuma

* Antoinette Feuerwerker
* David Feuerwerker

## Manazarta