Al'ummar Wikipedia

Al'ummar **Wikipidiya**, wacce aka fi sani a jimlace da **Wikipedians**, wata al'umma ce ta kaikaice waɗanda suke bada gudummawa wajen ƙirƙira da kula da Wikipedia, wato encyclopedia ta yanar gizo. Tun daga watan Agustan shekarar 2012, kalmar "Wikipedian" ta shiga cikin ƙamus na *Oxford*. 

"Wikipedians" wani bangare ne na "Tafiyarda *Wikimedia* ", watau cibiyar sadarwa ta duniya na masu ba da gudummawar sa kai ga Wikipedia da sauran shafuka waɗanda Gidauniyar Wikimedia ke gudanar da su.

## Alkaluma
A cikin watan Afrilun shekarar 2008, marubuci kuma malami Clay Shirky da masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta Martin Wattenberg sun kiyasta jimillar lokacin da aka kashe wajen ƙirƙirar Wikipedia da kimanin sa'o'i miliyan 100. A cikin Nuwamban 2011, akwai kusan asusun mutane akalla million  31.7 da shafin  aka yiwa rajista a cikin harsuna daban daban a yayinda kimanin 270,000 ke "aiki" (suna ba da aƙalla gyara guda ɗaya a kowanne wata). 

Wani bincike da aka wallafa a shekara ta 2010 ya gano cewa masu ba da gudummawa ga Wikipedia "na da mata kusan kashi 13% ne kacal; matsakaicin shekarun masu ba da gudummawa suna a tsakanin shekaru ashirin da rabi".  Wani bincike na shekarar 2011 da masu bincike daga Jami'ar Minnesota sun gano cewa mata sun ƙunshi kaso 16.1% na masu gyara 38,497 waɗanda suka fara gyara Wikipedia a shekarar 2009. A cikin watan Janairu 2011 a cikin wani labarin *[[New York Times]]*, Noam Cohen ya lura cewa kashi 13% na masu ba da gudummawar Wikipedia mata ne bisa ga binciken gidauniyar Wikimedia na 2008.  Sue Gardner, tsohon babban darektan na Gidauniyar Wikimedia, ya yi fatan ganin gudunmawar mata ya karu zuwa 25% nan da shekarar 2015. Linda Basch, shugabar Majalisar Bincike kan Mata ta Kasa, tayi la'akari da bambanci a tsakanin waɗannan ƙididdigar editocin Wikipedia dangane da adadin matan da ke kammala karatun digiri na farko, digiri na biyu da shirye-shiryen PhD a Amurka (duk a kaso 50% ko fiye da haka). 

Don mayar da martani akan hakan, jami'o'i daban-daban sun shirya gasa na edit-a-thon don janyo ra'ayin mata don shiga cikin al'ummar Wikipedia. A cikin shekara ta 2013, kwalejoji da jami'o'i 15 - ciki har da Yale, Brown, da Penn State - sun ba da lambar yabo ta kwaleji ga ɗalibai don aikin "write feminist thinking" game da fasaha a cikin Wikipedia. Wani bincike da aka zaɓe na 2008 na bambance-bambancen masu ba da gudummawa ta mafi kololuwar digiri na ilimi ya nuna cewa kashi 62 cikin 100 na masu gyara Wikipedia sun halarci makarantun sakandare ko kuma sun kammala karatun digiri na farko. 

A watan Agustan shekarar 2014, wanda ya kafa Wikipedia Jimmy Wales ya fada a wata hira da BBC cewa Gidauniyar Wikimedia tana "...da gaske tana ninka kokarinmu..." don kaiwa kashi 25% na editocin mata (wanda aka yi niyya tun shekarar 2015), tun da cewa Gidauniyar ta "gaza gaba daya" ya zuwa yanzu. Wales ya ce "abubuwa da sun kamata su faru ... kara wayar da kan jama'a, da yawan canjin software". Andrew Lih, ya rubuta a cikin *The New York Times*, Bloomberg News sun hakaito a watan Disamban shekarar 2016 tare da goyon bayan tsokacin Wales game da gazawar wayar da kai akan Wikipedia ga mata editoci. Lih ya bayyana damuwarsa tare da tambayar da ke nuna cewa: "Ta yaya za ku iya sa mutane su shiga cikin yanayin [gyararraki] ga muhalli da ke da karancin tsaro, inda bayyana kanka a matsayin mace, a matsayin mai ra'ayin mata, zai iya janyo muku shiga mummunan hali, mai ban tsoro". 

## Ƙarfin Gwiwa

A cikin binciken shekara ta 2003 na Wikipedia a matsayinta na kungiyar al'umma, ɗalibin tattalin arziki mai Ph.D.  Andrea Ciffolilli ta yi gardamar cewa ƙarancin kuɗin mu'amala na shiga cikin software na wiki yana haifar da haɓakar haɗin gwiwa, kuma salon "ƙirƙira mai tasiri" yana ƙarfafa bada gudummawa. Wata takarda da Andrea Forte da Amy Bruckman suka rubuta a cikin shekara ta 2005, mai suna "Me yasa Mutane suke Rubutu a Wikipedia? Ƙarfafawa don Ba da Gudunmawa ga Buɗaɗɗen Ilimi na kyauta", sun tattauna kan abubuwan da ke ba editoci karfin gwiwar ba da gudummawa ga  Wikipedia. Sun yi amfani da salon Latour da Woolgar game da zagayowar lambar yabo ga masu ba da gudummawar Wikipedia, yana nuna cewa dalilin da yasa mutane ke rubutu a Wikipedia shine don samun karɓuwa a cikin al'ummar.

Oded Nov, a cikin takardarsa ta 2007 "Abin da ke Ƙarawa editocin Wikipidiya karfin gwiwa", ya danganta yunƙurin masu sa kai gabaɗaya ga kara ƙwarin gwiwar mutanen da ke ba da gudummawa ga Wikipedia. Nov ya gudanar da wani bincike ta amfani da dalilai shida na masu ba da gudummawa, wanda ya gano a wata takarda da ta gabata. Dalilai guda shida da ya yi amfani da su sune:

* Dabi'u - sun bayyana dabi'un da za a yi tare da kuma rashin son kai don taimakon wasu
* Cudanya - hulɗa tare da abokai, shiga cikin ayyukan da wasu ke ganin su da kyau
* Fahimtar juna - fadada ilimi ta hanyar ayyuka
* Sana'a - samun ƙwarewar aiki da fasaha
* Kariya - misali, rage laifi akan nuna son kai
* Ingantawa- nuna ilimi ga wasu

A kan wadannan dalilai na karfin gwiwa guda shida ya kuma kara da cewa:

* Akida – nuna goyon baya ga abin da ake gani cewa shi ne tushen akidar aiki (misali, imani da cewa ya kamata ilimi ya zamo kyauta )
* Nishaɗi - jin daɗin aikin

Binciken ya gano cewa dalilan da aka fi nuna su su ne "fun", "akida", da "dabi'u", yayin da mafi ƙarancin abin da ake nunawa shine "aikin", "zamantawa", da "kariya". 

Gidauniyar Wikimedia Foundation ta kaddamar da wasu bincike akan akan masu ba da gudammawa da masu amfani da Wikipedia, tare da hadin gwiwar wata Kungiyar Kirkire-KirrKire na Hadin Gwiwa na UNU-Merit, sun kaddamar da bincike suma akan editoci da masu karanta Wikpidiya. An wallafa sakamakon binciken shekaru biyu bayan kaddamar da ita a ranar 24 March 2010. Gidauniyar Wikimedia ta gabatar da wani shiri a shekara ta 2011 akan kananan bincike na shekara -shekara don fahimtar bukatun editocin Wikipedia ta yadda zata fi biya masu bukatunsu.

## Midiya
Wikipedoa ta mamaye wasu shafukan labarai da da dama. An wallafa wani labari na yanar gizo na *[[The Signpost]]*, tun a ranar 10 ga watan Janairun 2005. Ƙwararren mai zanen cartoon mai suna Greg Williams ya yayi wani zane na yanar gizo mai suna *Wikiworld* wacce ta mamaye *The Signpost* a tsakanin shekarun 2006 da 2008.

Wani shiri na rediyon yanar gizo wato podcast mai suna  ya yi fice a tsakanin shekarun 2006 zuwa 2009, a sa'ilin da kira zuwa taro mai suna "Not the Wikipedia Weekly" yayi fice a tsakanin shekara ta 2008 zuwa 2009.

## Cuɗanya
Akwai gangami da Gidauniyar Wikipidiya ke gudanarwa ko kuma Al'ummar Wikipidiya.

### Wikimania
Wikimania wani gagarumin taro ne na duniya da akeyi a duk shekara ga masu amfani da shafukan Wikipedia wanda Gidauniyar Wikipedia ke gudanarwa (kamar Wikipedia da sauran shafukan ta). Darussan da ake tattaunawa akansu sun haɗa da ayyukan Gidauniyar Wikipedia, sauran wiki, ilimi kyauta, bayanai kyauta da sauran al'amurran zamantakewa da na fasaha da suka shafe su.

### Wiknics
Gagarumin taron Amurka na Wiknics biki ne da ake gudanarwa a cikin biranen kasar Amurka a duk shekara a lokacin bazara, watakila a farko daga ranar 4 ga watan Juli. Kudirin Wiknics shine ba da dama ga masu bada gudummawa ga WIkipidiya don kawo abinci iri-iri da kuma cadanya a zahiri.

## Soke-soke
An soki Wikipedia ta wasu fuskokin. Misali, al'amarin da ya faru tsakanin Seigenthaler da Essjay ya janyo suka akan ingancin Wikipidiya da amfaninta a matsayin hujja. Koke-koke da mutane ke yi sun hada da boye sirrin editoci, dabi'u dangane da sabbin zuwa, zarce iyaka ga masu kula da shafuka (admins), nuna bambamci a tsakanin mutane, musamman a tsakanin jinsi, da kuma karancin editoci mata, da kuma matsayin da makirkirin shafin wato Jimmy Wales ke takawa.

Wanda aka kirkiri shafin da shi wato  Larry Sanger, wanda daga bisani ya kirkiri sabon shafin adawa mai suna Citizendium ya bayyana shafin Wikipidiya a shekara ta 2007 a matsayin mara tasiri kuma mai cin zarafi, inda ya bayyana cewa "Kungiyar ba ta gabatar da ayyukanta yadda suka dacewa kuma ba a yanayi na dorewa ba". 

## Karɓuwa
An gina wurin tarihi na Wikipidiya (*Wikipedia Monument) a [[Słubice, Poland]] a shekara ta 2014 don girmama al'ummar Wikpidiya.*

An bayar da kyautar 2015 Erasmus Prize ga al'ummar Wikpidiya don yada ilimi kyauta ta hanyar kammalalle kuma amntaccen encyclopidiya.

## Manazarta