Dam ɗin Sterkfontein

**Dam ɗin Sterkfontein**, wanda ke kusa da garin Harrismith, a cikin Free State, lardin Afirka ta Kudu, wani ɓangare ne na Aikin Ruwa na Tugela-Vaal da Tsarin Ma'ajiyar Ruwa na Drakensberg, kuma yana kan Nuwejaarspruit, wani yanki na kogin Wilge . a cikin babban magudanar ruwa na kogin Vaal .  Ita ce katangar madatsar ruwa ta biyu mafi girma a Afirka ta Kudu kuma mafi girman madatsar ruwa a duniya.

## Fage

### Tarihi
Bunkasa tattalin arziƙin babban yankin Johannesburg a cikin shekarun 1960 da 70s ya sanya samar da ruwan sha cikin barazana na dogon lokaci kuma an yanke shawarar tura ruwa daga babban kogin Tugela wanda ba a yi amfani da shi ba cikin teku da adana shi cikin manyan dabaru. Tafkin ajiya na ruwa tare da ƙarancin ƙanƙara. Wurin farko da aka zaɓa don wannan aikin yana cikin kwarin da ke kusa da yamma akan Kogin Elands. Wannan shine zaɓin da aka fi so daga fannin injiniya saboda zai ƙunshi ƙaramin bangon dam. Sai dai jim kaɗan kafin a fara aikin ginin a kan Nuwejaarspruit an zaɓi shi ne saboda dalilai na siyasa saboda ya kauce wa ambaliyar ruwa na sabon Bantustan na Qwaqwa da aka shirya a Phuthadichaba. Yana iya nufin wannan dabarar albarkatun kasa tana iya kasancewa a cikin "kasashen waje" wanda ba za a yarda da shi ba kamar yadda aka gani a mahangar gwamnati mai ci a wancan lokacin.

### Gina
An fara ginin a cikin shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da sittin da tara 1969 kuma ambada umarnin kashi na farko a cikin shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da saba’in da bakwai 1977 kuma ya ƙunshi mita sittin da tara  babban shingen ƙasa mai tsayin mita dubu biyu da ɗari biyu da casa’in  dogon ba tare da zubewa ba. Bayan kammala kashi na farko an yanke shawarar nan da nan don ci gaba da mataki na ƙarshe kuma an ɗaga shi a cikin skekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da tamanin 1980 zuwa tsayinsa na mita casa’in da uku  tare da tsayin tsayin mita dubu uku da sittin  da cikakken damar iya aiki na miliyan biyu da dubu dari shidda da dubu hamsin da shidda  . A cike da wadatar, yana da fili wanda bai wuce 70 ba&nbsp;km2 . An kaddamar da tsawaita madatsar ruwa a shekarar 1980, kuma tana da karfin , tare da fili mai fadin murabba'in sittin da bakwai da digo ishirin da shidda , bangon dam ɗin yana da  babba. Jimlar lokacin ginin ya kasance shekaru sha’dya 11. Ma'aikatar harkokin ruwa ce ta tsara da kuma gina madatsar ruwan Sterkfontein. Dam din yana aiki ne don amfanin gida da masana'antu kuma an sanya yuwuwar haɗarinsa a matsayi mai girma (3). 

### Suna
An sanya wa madatsar ruwan sunan daya daga cikin gonakin da ke kusa da gininsa. An gina garin na wucin gadi na ma'aikatan ginin a gonar Sterkfontein. Kalmar *sterkfontein* tana nufin *bazara mai ƙarfi* a cikin Afirkaans .

## Halaye

### Duniya Cika Dam bango
Katangar nau'in nauyi ce ta duniya. Katangar dam ta ƙunshi miliyan sha’tara da digo takwas     na kayan da ya zama bangon madatsar ruwa mafi girma a Afirka ta Kudu dangane da girma. An kama tafki da bango biyu. Katanga ta biyu ita ce  tsayi kuma ya ƙunshi     na abu.

### Babu zubewa
Dam ɗin dai ya sha bamban da yadda akasarin ruwan ya samo asali ne ta hanyar karkatar da magudanar ruwa daga saman kogin Tugela. In ba haka ba, wannan ruwa ba zai yi amfani da shi ba kuma ya kwarara cikin teku. Ba a gina madatsar ruwa a kan kogi ba amma a maimakon haka, an kafa shi a kan abin da za a iya kwatanta shi a matsayin babban rafi a saman kwarin da ke kan Nuwejaarspruit. Wurin da ake kamawa dam ɗin bai kai ninki uku na ruwan dam ɗin ba, don haka ba kasadar ambaliya ba. Don haka babban katangar dam ɗin ba ta da bukatar magudanar ruwa. Duk wani wuce gona da iri na ruwan sama ana iya fitar da shi cikin aminci daga maɓuɓɓugarsa. Amfanin wannan wurin shine Dam din tafki ne mai matukar tasiri, tun da yake yana da zurfin adana ruwa mai yawa, tare da hasara kadan don ƙafewa. Tafkin Vaal Dam (tafkin ruwa) idan aka kwatanta yana da babban fili kuma yana da ɗan ɗanɗano kaɗan, wanda ke haifar da ƙimar ƙawancewar iska. Za a kwashe shekaru 17 ana ruwan sama kafin a cika dam din. Amma ɗaukar ruwan sama ba wata muhimmiyar manufa ba ce a bayan wannan aikin. An gina shi don kama ruwa daga kogin Tugela da isar da shi cikin tsarin Vaal.

### Tsarin Ma'ajiya na Ruwa da aka Buga

Dam din yana karbar ruwansa ta hanyar Tugela-Vaal Water Project daga baya aka canza masa suna Drakensberg Pumped Storage Scheme wanda shine tsarin ajiyar ruwa mai karfin megawatt 1,000 wanda ya hada da jigilar kayayyaki har zuwa  na ruwa daga KwaZulu-Natal. Ana adana wannan a cikin Dam ɗin Sterkfontein kuma a sake shi zuwa Dam ɗin Vaal ta Kogin Wilge lokacin da ake buƙata.

### Dam a cikin dam

Dam ɗin Driekloof wanda ke cikin madatsar ruwan Sterkfontein, ana daukarsa a matsayin madatsar ruwa da tafki, kuma ba a haɗa shi cikin alkaluman da ke sama. Yana da gaske dam a cikin dam. Driekloof Dam shine babban tafki na ajiya na Drakensberg Pumped Storage Scheme . Idan madatsar ruwa ta Sterkfontein ta zama fanko, tafkin Driekloof zai rike ruwan don shirin ajiyar famfo don yin aiki ba tare da tsangwama ba. Lokacin da madatsar ruwa ta Sterkfontein ke da cikakken iko, Dam din Driekloof yana nitsewa har zuwa saman magudanar ruwa.

### Dam na uku mafi girma a Afirka ta Kudu
Wannan shi ne dam na 3 mafi girma a Afirka ta Kudu a fannin karfin ruwa kuma ya dan fi girma da Dam din Vaal.

* Gariep Dam 5,340,600 MegaL
* Vanderkloof Dam 3,171,300 MegaL
* Dam din Sterkfontein 2,616,900 MegaL
* Vaal Dam 2,603,400 MegaL

## Wurare masu kariya
Yankin dam na Sterkfontein yanki ne mai kariya wanda ke kusa da madatsar ruwa. 

## Gidan hotuna

File:Sterkfontein Dam 1st phase artist impression.jpg|Artist's impression of the 1st phase of the Sterkfontein Dam. The final wall was raised to the level of the valve control room at the top of the concrete tower.
File:Sterkfontein Dam basin.jpg|A view of the dam basin prior to being covered by water
File:Sterkfonteindaminfo1.JPG|The first of three information boards posted at a vehicle rest area overlooking the reservoir just off the R74
File:Sterkfonteindaminfo2.JPG|The second information board
File:Sterkfonteindaminfo3.JPG|The third information board
File:Sterkfonteindamcampsite.JPG|A campsite with chalets at the water's edge. Note the dry conditions (conducive to bush fires) in the wintertime.
File:Sterkfontein Dam camping area.JPG|Camping area at the water's edge
File:Sterkfontein Dam Earth Wall.jpg|The earth wall on the eastern side of the Sterkfontein Dam
File:Earth fill loading D5 Aug 72.jpg|Earth moving equipment dumping fill from the borrow pits for the wall of Sterkfontein Dam. August 1972.
File:Sterkfontein Dam workshops.jpg|The site workshops for Sterkfontein Dam. The area below the site office is now underwater.
File:Sterkfontein Dam construction village.jpg|The construction village at Sterkfontein Dam, 1973
File:Sterkfontein Dam site office.jpg|The Department of Water Affairs site office. Sterkfontein Dam, 1972.
File:Sterkfontein Dam wall construction.jpg|A view of the dam wall of Sterkfontein Dam during construction. In the foreground is resident Engineer David Bell.
File:Sterkfontein Dam RE.jpg|David Bell the Resident Engineer of Sterkfontein Dam explaining the works to a journalist, circa 1974


## Duba kuma

* Jerin tafki da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Ma'aikatar Ruwa da Dazuka