Margarita Nelken

**Margarita Nelken** (5 ga Yuli 1894 - 5 ga Maris 1968) ƙwararriyar mai rajin kare hakkin mata ce ta ƙasar Sipaniya kuma marubuciya. Ta kasance shahararriyar mai ilimi kuma jigo a cikin ƙungiyar mata ta Sipaniya ta farko a shekarun 1930.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Nelken María Teresa Lea Nelken y Mansberger  a Madrid a 1894.  Iyayenta 'yan asalin Jamus ne kuma Yahudawa kuma suna da shagon kayan ado.  Ta karanci kiɗa, zane-zane da harsuna,  kuma ta koyi yin magana da Faransanci, Jamusanci da Turanci ban da Sifaniyanci na asali.  'Yar uwarta, Carmen Eva Nelken, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce kuma marubuciya. 

## Sana'a da ra'ayoyi
Nelken ta rubuta littattafan almara masu tsarin zamantakewa da siyasa a shekarun 1920, ciki har da *La trampa del arenal* (The sand trap, 1923).  Sauran ayyukanta sun haɗa da *La condición social de la mujer en España* (Yanayin zamantakewa na mata a Spain, 1922)   da *La mujer ante las cortes constituyentes* (1931).  Ta kuma rubuta littattafai game da marubuta mata na Sipaniya da 'yan siyasa mata na Sipaniya da kuma gajerun labarai.  Ta kasance mai ra'ayin mazan jiya game da ra'ayin mata, tana da'awar cewa cin zarafin mata ma'aikata yana da mummunan tasiri ga ma'aikata maza da mata.  Kasancewarta mai iya magana da Faransanci da Jamusanci, Margarita ta kuma rubuta cikakken fassarar farko zuwa Sifaniyanci na babban aikin Kafka mai suna The Metamorphosis and The Trial a 1925. 

## Aikin siyasa
A shekarar 1931, ta zama memba na Jam'iyyar Ma'aikatan Gurguzu ta Spain (PSOE) [1] kuma ta tsaya takara a zaɓen da aka gudanar a watan Oktoban 1931 a matsayin 'yar takarar jam'iyyar Agrupación Socialista a Badajoz . [1] An zaɓe ta a Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa. [2] [1] Ta kuma sami matsayi a Majalisar Dokoki a zaɓen Nuwamba 1933 da Fabrairu 1936. [1] Duk da cewa ta kasance mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, ta ƙi 'yancin mata na kaɗa ƙuri'a na Spain, tana mai jayayya cewa ba su shirya ba. [2] [1] Ta kasance mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata na Agrarian Reform, an kai mata hari daga hannun dama saboda ƙabilarta da kuma asalinta na mata. [1] Bayan Juyin Juya Halin Asturian na 1934, an zarge ta da tawayen soja kuma ta bar Spain. Yayin da take gudun hijira, ta zauna a Paris kuma ta ziyarci Scandinavia da Tarayyar Soviet, tana tara kuɗi don waɗanda abin ya shafa. [1]

Ta koma Spain a shekarar 1936. Bayan fara Yaƙin Basasa na Spain, ta ci gaba da zama a Madrid, tana shirya canja wurin taskokin fasaha na Toledo zuwa rumbun ajiyar Bankin Spain domin kare su da kuma yin jawabai a rediyo domin ɗaga hankalin 'yan bindiga.  Sannan, bayan rashin jin daɗin shugabancin Largo Caballero, ta bar PSOE ta shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis (PCE) . 

In March 1937, she published an article in the magazine *Estampa* interviewing Anita Carrillo, a captain in the Spanish Republican Army, who was injured in but survived the Málaga–Almería road massacre, (the *Desbandá)*, an attack by Nationalists on the republican-dominated city of Málaga, Spain and its citizens on 8 February 1937. The article helped to record and publicise the atrocities.

## Fitarwa da mutuwa
Ta yi aiki a Cortes har zuwa karshen yakin a 1939. Daga nan ita da 'yar'uwarta, a matsayin 'yan Republican da' yan gurguzu, suka tafi gudun hijira a Mexico. A can ta yi aiki a matsayin mai sukar fasaha. Ta kuma rubuta littafi: Los judíos en la cultura hispánica ("Yahudawa a Al'adun Hispanic"), wanda AHebraica ta sake buga shi a Spain a cikin 2009, sama da shekaru talatin bayan mutuwarta.  Nelken ya mutu a Mexico a ranar 9 ga Maris 1968.  

## Manazarta