Teza (fim)

***Teza*** ( Amhafric: ጤዛ  *Ṭeza*, " Dew ") fim ne na mintuna 140 na 2008 na wasan kwaikwayo na Habasha game da lokacin Derg a Habasha. [1] *Teza* ya lashe babbar lambar yabo a bikin fina-finai da talabijin na Panafrica na 2009 na Ouagadougou . [2] Haile Gerima ne ya ba da umarni kuma ya rubuta fim ɗin. [3]

## Makirci
Fim din ya biyo bayan labarin fitaccen jarumin ne, Anbeber - wanda wani masanin binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje ne mai ilimi wanda ya koma kauyensa da ke cikin karkarar Habasha bayan ya dade yana zaune a Jamus da babban birnin kasar Habasha.  Ba a tsara labarin bisa tsarin lokaci ba. Yana buɗewa da jerin gwano da sauri tsakanin harbin wani firist mai rera wanda ke lulluɓe a cikin yadudduka na muslin da kuma wani mutumin da ya ji rauni da aka tuƙa da shi a kan titin asibiti a kan shimfiɗa. Akwai kuma hoton yaro wanda ya bayyana sau da yawa yayin wannan jeri na buɗewa; ya bayyana a fili daga baya a cikin fim din cewa wannan yaron ya zama abin gani na gani. Liman yana umurtar wani ya tashi ya tashi. Sannan akwai harbin wani kauye mai faffadar shimfidar wuri. Akwai wani firist yana buga garaya na gargajiya a gefen wani dutse yana kallon fitowar rana. Wata dattijuwa (daga baya aka bayyana cewa ita ce mahaifiyar Anberber) tana zaune da wutar itace a cikin wata karamar bukka ta laka tana tunanin ko alkiblar hayakin na nuni da zuwan da ke kusa. 

A shekarar 1990 ne kuma Anberber ya koma ƙauyensa matalauta da ke nesa da babban birnin ƙasar. Mahaifiyarsa da kaninsa suka gaishe shi. Amma ya kalleshi da rude. Wasu gungun samari da ke cikin baƙin ciki sanye da sarƙoƙi suna kallon yadda dangin suka sake haduwa. An yi buki mai cike da jama'a da zagayawa don maraba da Anberber. Tambayoyin bakin liyafa ne suka cika shi, amma sai ya kalle su cikin kaduwa. Ba da daɗewa ba aka katse bukukuwan sa’ad da aka shirya wani matashi da ƙarfi don ya yi yaƙi a madadin gwamnatin ƙasa. Ana iya ganin wasu samarin suna labewa daga jam’iyyar kafin a gansu.

A lokacin fitowar rana, akwai wani yanayi mai ban sha'awa na tafkin Tana da kwale-kwalen da ke shawagi a kusa da sararin sama. Anberber ya tashi yana ihu. Da alama duk kauyen sun taru a wajen bukkarsa suna kallonsa. Anberber yana da kafar prosthetic amma ya yarda cewa ba shi da tunanin rasa kafarsa. Bayan ya bi mahaifiyarsa - wanda ke ziyartar coci don yin godiya ga dawowar sa - Anberber ya shiga cocin da takalma (wani abu da aka haramta a al'adar Orthodox na Habasha). Kowa yasan abin kunya ana masa ihu ya cire takalminsa. Duk da haka, hankalinsa bai kwanta da shi ba har ya kai ga aiwatar da abin da suke gaya masa. Ya zuwa yanzu, mutanen ƙauyen sun gamsu cewa Anberber yana da mugayen ruhohi - mai yiwuwa ne sakamakon fita waje, zuwa wata ƙasa. Anberber ya bi “hangen nesa” na yaron zuwa wani mutum-mutumi da gwamnatin Mussolini ta kafa, a lokacin mamayar Italiya. Anberber ya tuna mahaifinsa wanda ya rasa ransa yana yaƙi da Italiya. Akwai wata fitowar rana da kuma wani kyakkyawan kallon tafkin Tana. Fog yana tashi daga ƙasa yayin da yara ke gudu zuwa makaranta. Malamin kauye yazo makaranta yana hawan keke. Ajin ya fara tare da tunanin yaran a matsayin taken ƙasa.

Sojoji sun yi wa wani matashi da ke aiki a gona kwanton bauna tare da yi masa zane. Mahaifiyarsa tana cikin damuwa. Anberber yayi kokarin yi mata jaje. Anberber bai ji dadin yadda abubuwa suka canza a kauyensu ba. Ya yi ta tambaya game da batun tarbiyyar yara ƙanana alhalin abin da suke sa rai shi ne yaƙi da mutuwa. Sai dai malamin ya yi tir da ɓacin ran Anberber ta hanyar bayyana ƙarfin ilimi, musamman ma a irin wannan lokaci na zalunci.

Anberber ya sake farkawa yana kururuwa bayan ya sami jerin filasha. Ya nufi gabar tabkin Tana ya zuba ido. Ya bayyana yadda wannan hangen nesa ya kasance gefen duniyarsa tun yana yaro. Amma yanzu, bai tuna inda ya kasance a cikin shekarun da suka shige ba. Mutanen kauyen suna kawo masa majinyata domin jinya saboda sun ji shi likita ne. Amma duk da haka ya kasance shiru da rudani kamar farkon fim din.

Anberber yana magana da hayyacinsa da karfi a gaban mahaifiyarsa. Ta kara firgita da damuwa da shi. Iyalin sun yanke shawarar cewa yana bukatar a kai shi wanka mai tsarki a zaman wani bangare na al'adar fitar da mazaje. Anberber baya yakar su amma ya gaya wa liman cewa al'adar ba za ta yi aiki ba saboda hankalinsa ya kulle. Firist yayi sharhi cewa ko da magungunan Yammacin Turai ba zai yi tasiri ba idan mai haƙuri bai yarda da ingancinsa ba. Da zaran ruwa mai tsarki ya watsa masa, tunowar farko da ya yi a rayuwarsa ta baya ya dawo gare shi.

Shekarar 1970 ne kuma matashin Anberber yana zaune a Jamus a matsayin ɗalibin kammala digiri. A wani liyafa, ya sadu da Cassandra - mace Bakar fata, wacce ke zargin Habashawa da rashin son saduwa da mata masu duhun fata. Bai yarda ba yace mata yana sha'awarta. Ya ci gaba da bayyana kansa a matsayin mai ra'ayin gurguzu, wanda aikinsa na bincike ya sa shi ya sa ya yi sha'awar rage radadin talauci a kasarsa. A halin yanzu dai mayakan ‘yantar da gwamnati da ke yaki da gwamnati sun shigo kauyen da bindigogi. Suna neman jama’a su gaya musu halin da suke ciki na rashin rayuwa a karkashin gwamnati mai ci. Mutanen kauyen sun firgita su ce komai. A yayin da ake ci gaba da nuna wariyar launin fata zuwa farkon shekarun 1970, Anberber ya halarci taron siyasa na ɗaliban Habasha masu ra'ayin gurguzu, waɗanda duk ke karatu a Jamus. A halin da ake ciki dai kawai ya zubawa masu fafutukar kwato 'yanci ido a rude idan suna yi masa tambayoyi na siyasa. Daga baya kuma ya kwatanta masu fafutukar kwato ‘yanci da gwamnatin gurguzu da ke kan mulki a lokacin; Dukansu suna da'awar cewa jama'a ne amma rayuwar jama'a ta canza da kyar.

Malamin kauyen ya kai Anberber zuwa kogon da duk samarin kauyen ke buya domin gudun shiga aikin soja. A wata rana kuma, an sanar da sojoji game da wani matashi da ya kawo ziyara daga kogon. A gaban mutanen gari suka bi shi suka kashe shi. Anberber yayi kokarin hana su amma bai yi nasara ba. Ga Anberber, saurayin da aka kashe yanzu ya haɗu da tunanin yaron. Ya gaya wa mahaifiyarsa cewa sojoji sun kashe kuruciyarsa da tunaninsa lokacin da suka kashe saurayin.

An kai Anberber wani zaman ficewar sa, inda wani saitin tunaninsa ya dawo masa. Cassandra yanzu ita ce budurwar Anberber. Babban Abokinsa - Tesfaye - da budurwarsa Bajamushe Bajamushe sun sanar da cewa suna da juna biyu. Cassandra ya damu. Daga baya an bayyana cewa mahaifinta dan kasar Kamaru ne wanda ya haifi yaro tare da wata Bajamushiya Bature. Daga karshe gwamnatin Jamus ta kori mahaifinta. Mahaifiyarta ta yi gwagwarmaya don shawo kan wariyar launin fata kuma ta kashe kanta. Cassandra dole ne ya girma, ba kawai tare da ma'anar watsi ba, amma wariyar launin fata ba tare da goyon bayan kowane iyaye ba. Tana tsoron Tesfaye ba zai tsaya tsayin daka wajen renon yaronsa ba. A halin yanzu, Anberber yana kallon Azanu yana wankewa a tafkin Tana. Ita ce yar rainin wayo wacce mahaifiyarsa ta dauke shi. Fim ɗin ya ci karo da juna tsakanin matan biyu sau da yawa. Dan uwan Anberber ya yi yunkurin yi wa Azanu fyade. Ta kira neman taimako. Lokacin da mutane suka zo, duk sai su zarge ta maimakon ɗan'uwa - wato kowa da kowa banda Anberber, wanda ya yi fushi da ita.

A shekarun 1970s, a wani taron dalibai, wani memba mai tsattsauran ra'ayi a cikin kungiyar ya soki wata mace saboda siyan salon mulkin mallaka saboda yadda matar ta kasance. A yau Anberber ya yi waiwaye kan shakuwar kuruciyarsa da gwagwarmayar gurguzu ta mulkin mallaka a matsayin maganin sihiri ga matsalolin Habasha. A halin yanzu dai mutanen kauyen sun shirya wa Anberber ya dauki wata yarinya budurwa aure domin sun damu ya fado wa Azanu matar da ake raini. Anberber ya kyamaci shawararsu.

A shekarar 1974 ne daliban Habasha suka taru a wata mashaya domin murnar saukar da sarki Haile Selassie. Su ma farar fata Jamusawa masu hagu da suka taru tare da su suna murna yayin da aka rushe daya daga cikin manyan Sarakunan Bakar fata a tarihi. Daliban Habasha sun fara tattaunawa kan batun komawa kasarsu don yi wa jama'a aiki. Cassandra na da ciki amma ba ta gaya wa Anberber ba, saboda tsoron kada ya tsaya kusa don renon ɗansa. Yayin da sauran ke murnar faduwar sarautar, Anberber ya kara kaimi, yana tunanin wane ne zai iya cike gibin madafun iko da aka yi, ko kuma gwamnati mai zuwa za ta fi kyau.

A karshe Tesfaye ya yanke shawarar barin yaronsa a Jamus don yin aiki a karkashin sabuwar gwamnatin gurguzu. Anberber ya soki Tesfaye saboda watsi da yaronsa, yana mai nuni da kwarewar Cassandra. Daga nan sai Tesfaye ya mayar da martani ta hanyar bayyana wa Anberber sirrin da Cassandra ya zubar. Cassandra a ƙarshe ta ɓace saboda ta tabbata cewa Anberber ma ba zai zauna a Jamus na dogon lokaci ba. A halin yanzu, Azanu na rera wakar sake samun soyayya yayin da take kwale-kwale a kan tafkin Tana. Anberber da Azanu sun gama soyayya.

Anberber ya shiga dakin kwanansa ya tarar da dan uwansa yana cikin akwatunansa, cike da littattafai. Dan uwansa ya ji takaici a Anberber saboda rashin fitar da iyali daga talauci, duk da karatunsa. Ya ce ba za su iya cin littattafai ba.

Yanzu ne 1980s Anberber shima ya koma Addis Ababa a matsayin mai digiri na uku. Ya ci karo da sojoji da aka jibge a duk filin jirgin da zarar ya isa Habasha. Anberber yana so ya koma ƙauye ya ziyarci mahaifiyarsa amma an gaya masa cewa yanayin ƙasar ba shi da kwanciyar hankali don tafiya kuma ana buƙatar shi cikin gaggawa don yin aiki a matsayin likita. Duk da haka, Tesfaye da Anberber suna da kwarin gwiwa game da duk abin da za su iya yi wa talakawan Habasha. To sai dai kuma a yayin da lokaci ya kure, bangarorin biyu na kara yin arangama da ’yan sandan gwamnati, wadanda ke zarginsu da kasancewa ’yan boko, wadanda ba sa goyon bayan juyin juya hali.

Anberber ya shaida wani samame da sojoji suka kai a karon farko kuma ya firgita da irin ta'asar da ta zama ruwan dare a karkashin gwamnatin yanzu. Shi da abokansa sun yi tsokaci ne kan yadda a yanzu suke zama a gidajen alfarma da gwamnati ta kwace daga hannun mutane a matsayin hanyar rage rashin daidaiton arziki. Wato sun gane dambarwar kasancewarsu masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na hagu wadanda kuma suke cin gajiyar abubuwan more rayuwa da sabon tsarin ya ba su.

Sai kuma daya daga cikin abokan Anberber, wanda ya koma Habasha a daidai lokacin da shi aka kashe shi a gaban Anberber saboda wasu kungiyoyin siyasa masu adawa da shi suna zarginsa da aiki da gwamnati. A wannan lokacin ne Anberber ke kokarin nesanta kansa da siyasa. Sai dai kuma hakan ya kara fusata ‘yan kungiyar domin a tunaninsa ya fi su. Wata rana ’yan sanda sun bukaci ya sanya hannu a kan cewa kisan da suka yi hatsari ne. Ya ce musu shi mai PhD ne ba likita ba. Jinin da ke diga daga mutumin da aka kashe sai ya rikiɗe zuwa cikin bututun da ke cikin ɗakin wankan Anberber, wanda ke ci masa tuwo a kwarya. A wata rana kuma, Anberber ya fusata a kan ’yan sanda saboda rashin aiki don halartar taron juyin juya hali. Ana zarginsa da kasancewa dan mulkin mallaka kuma mai adawa da juyin juya hali. Yana gwagwarmaya don karɓar wannan zargi kuma ya ƙi shiga cikin ayyukan gurguzu na sukar kansa. A karshe an tilasta masa ya soki kansa.

Tesfaye ya bayyana cewa yana shirin kin komawa Habasha bayan ya tafi ziyarar aiki da zai yi zuwa Jamus. Yana takaicin rashin iya kawo wani sauyi na hakika a cikin yanayin siyasar da ake ciki. A ƙarshe yana so ya zauna ya taimaka wajen renon ɗan da ya bar shekaru da suka gabata. Amma kafin ya dawo, ’yan bangar – wadanda suka kara ba shi haushi – suka yi masa duka har ya mutu. Suna zuwa Anberber, amma da kyar ya tsere. Daga nan aka bukaci Anberber ya tafi Jamus a madadin Tesfaye. Yayin da yake can, yana kokawa don ya dawo tare da ƴan ƙasar Habasha da ke zaune a can. Suna tsammanin yana aiki ne a matsayin ɗan leƙen asiri na gwamnatin Habasha, don haka ba su amince da shi ba. Ban da haka, suna jin haushinsa saboda suna ganin rayuwarsu ta zama ’yan gudun hijira da ke zaune a Turai ta fi nasa wahala. Lokacin da ya sadu da ɗan Tesfaye da matarsa. Da gaske dan yana kokawa da wariyar launin fata da ke kewaye da shi, yanzu yana matashi. Ya fusata da mahaifiyarsa domin bata fahimci irin wariyar da ya fuskanta ba. Yana son mahaifinsa har Anberber ba zai iya kawo kansa ya gaya musu mutuwar Tesfaye ba. Daga karshe Anberber ya jajirce ya ba da labari mai ban tausayi, amma kafin ya sake haduwa da su, wasu ’yan wariyar launin fata Jamus sun yi masa duka, inda daga karshe suka jefar da shi ta taga. Ya ji rauni sosai kuma ya rasa kafarsa.

A zamanin yau, bayan da ya ga ɗaya daga cikin ’yan sandan da ke dawowa daga gaba da mugun rauni, ya gane cewa ba zai taɓa tuna ko fahimtar abin da ya faru da shi ba sa’ad da ya tafi. Amma, ba zai iya zama kawai yana jiran ƙarin haske ba; yana da matukar wahala ya kasance yana yiwa al'umma hidima gwargwadon ikonsa. Yana taimakawa wajen tufatar da raunin sojan da ya dawo. Daga nan sai mutanen garin suka kawo masa keken malami. Sun ba da rahoton cewa malamin ya bace, kuma suka zaɓe shi ya zama sabon malamin ƙauyen.

Azanu yana da ciki. Wannan lokacin, Anberber ya san game da shi (ba kamar lokacin da Cassandra ke da ciki ba) kuma yana jin daɗi. Amma lokacin da yake ƙoƙarin mayar da hankali kan cikinta mai ciki, muryoyin da ke cikin kansa suna ƙara ƙara. A ƙarshe "hangen nesa" - wanda a baya yana samun hangen nesa ta hanyar mafarkinsa - ya bayyana. Akwai kwandon hatsi na gargajiya. Yana da ramuka da yawa waɗanda ke zubar da hatsi cikin sauri. Anberber yana cikin firgita yana ƙoƙarin cika ramukan da ƙuƙuƙuwar takarda da yaga yaga na littattafansa. Amma duk banza ne domin a ƙarshe tekun hatsi ya cinye shi. Firist ya fassara wannan hangen nesa / mafarki ga Anberber. Kwancen hatsi yana wakiltar ƙasa. Hatsi na wakiltar mutanen da ke mutuwa kamar kudaje. Rikicin da ake yi akai-akai shine matsalolin da ake fama da su a gundumar da da alama ba za a iya magance su ba. Limamin ya yi imanin cewa Anberber yana ganin karatunsa ba shi da amfani wajen kawo irin sauye-sauyen da yake son gani a kasarsa.

Wata tashar rediyo ta kasashen waje ke watsa wata hira ta rediyo da mayakan 'yantar da su. Mayakan na da yakinin cewa tsarin gurguzu nasu shi ne mafi tsafta idan aka kwatanta da na gwamnati mai ci.

Yayin da Azanu ke shirin haihuwa, Anberber ya koma kan sabon aikinsa na malamin kauye. A ƙarshe ya zama kamar ya isa ya yi aiki kuma ya sami farin ciki wajen koya wa yara yadda ake hawan keke. A karshen fim din, Azanu ta haifi jariri a farkon shekara, a daidai lokacin da ake rera wakar sabuwar shekara, kuma furannin ‘yan asalin kasar nan na rawaya na sabuwar shekara. Fim din dai ya kare ne da bege ga wannan sabuwar zamani, wadanda za su yi watsi da tashe-tashen hankulan gwamnatocin da suka shude, su kuma sake farfado da kasar nan.  

## Production
A cewar daraktan, Haile Gerima, wanda kuma shi ne babban furodusa kuma marubuci, Teza ya dauki shekaru 14 yana yin fim. ana buƙatar hujja canje-canje a cikin waɗannan shekarun, balagagge da fure, suna amfana daga zurfafawa da tunani na marubucin Daraktan. Tsare-tsare na Teza, musamman ma wasan na Jamus ya sami sauye-sauye na gaske saboda batutuwan bayar da kudade wanda ya yanke shirin harbin makonni 3 zuwa kwanaki 10. ana buƙatar hujja ta shekaru 2 tsakanin kundi na harbi a Habasha a watan Agusta 2004 da farkon harbin Jamus a watan Nuwamba 2006.

A cikin wani yanayi na musamman, ƴan wasan kwaikwayo Aaron Arefayne (Anberber) da Abeye Tedla (Tesfaye) suna fuskantar kotun Markisanci, sun nutsu sosai cikin ɗabi'a har Arefayne ya fashe magudanar jini a idonsa na dama wanda hakan ya haifar da tsayawa. Daraktan ya aika da ’yan wasan gida su huta, washegari idon Arefayne ya lullube da fim din zai ba da izinin hutu ba kuma dole ne darektan ya ci gaba da harbi. Akwai wasu kalubale, wasu almara, wasu na ban dariya. Gabaɗaya, daraktan, ƴan wasan kwaikwayo da ƴan wasan sun sami nasarar shawo kan ƙalubale masu yawa na isar da fim ɗin da ya dace da wani muhimmin sako da masu sauraro daga Italiya zuwa Dubai suka amsa cikin farin ciki kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin zaɓe da lambobin yabo.

## liyafar
*Teza* ya sami damar cimma giciye mai ban mamaki a kan shahararsa, wanda ya haifar da gayyatarsa don nunawa a yawancin bukukuwan fina-finai. Ya fara ganin shahararsa ya karu a bikin Fim na Venice na Duniya na 65, inda babban taron manema labarai ya lalace da rikice-rikice masu rikitarwa, amma farkonsa na jama'a da masu samarwa, darektan da simintin suka halarta tare da mintuna 20 na tafi daga cunkoson masu sauraro. Shi ne fim ɗin da aka fi so don mafi kyawun kyauta har sai da Darren Aronofsky 's *[[:en:The_Wrestler_(2008_film)|The Wrestler]]* ya haɓaka shi. Duk da haka, *Teza* ya sami lambar yabo ta musamman na juri da Kyautattun Screenplay. Daga bisani an gayyaci fim din zuwa Toronto, inda shi ma ya samu karbuwa sosai. An shiga gasar ne a bikin Carthage International Film Festival da ke Tunisiya inda ya share nau'o'i 5, ciki har da Tanit D'Or don Mafi kyawun Fim, Mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo (Haile Gerima), Best Music (Vijay Ayer da Jorga Mesfin), Best Supporting Male Lead. Abeye Tedla) da Mafi kyawun Cinematography (Mario Masini). Bayan haka nunin sa a Bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na Dubai ya sami mafi kyawun maki ga Jorga Mesfin da Vijay Ayer.

An sami taƙaitaccen saki, wani marubuci yana cewa: "Fim ɗin da ba su da farar ma'anar shigarwa, jan hankali, ko kasancewar 'yan Afirka, ko kuma ba su ƙarfafa akidar shuka ba, ana tantance su ta iyakanceccen rarraba."  

## Kyaututtuka da zaɓe

* FESPACO a Burkina Faso:
* Golden Stallion na Yennenga
* Kyautar yaki da Talauci ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ga Haile Gerima
* Kyautar Zain don asali, ingancin fasaha da aiki.
* Venice Film FestivalKYAUTA TA MUSAMMAN
* Kyautar OSELLAMafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo (Haile Gerima) C BN.
* Kyautar SIGNISHalin Gerima na musamman ga Teza
* Kyautar Leoncino d'oro 2008 ( Agiscuola ):
* Cinema don yabon UNICEFTeza by Haile Gerima
* CinemAvvenireCinema don zaman lafiya da wadatar lambar yabo: Teza na Haile Gerima
* Bikin Fim na Carthage a Tunisiya
* Golden Tanit- Mafi kyawun Fim
* Mafi kyawun Kiɗa
* Mafi kyawun Cinematography
* Mafi kyawun Matsayin Taimakawa Namiji
* Amiens International Film Festival a Faransa:
* Golden Unicorn - Mafi kyawun Fim
* Rotterdam International Film Festival
* Dioraphte Award Hubert Bals fim a mafi girman masu sauraro.
* Dubai International Film Festival a Dubai
* Mafi kyawun Kiɗa
* Bikin Fim na Amazonia a Venezuela
* Kyautar Amazonia
* Thessaloniki Film Festival a Girka
* Kyautar Darajar Dan Adam 

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Official website
* ** at IMDb 

## Nassohi