Debra Fischer

**Debra Ann Fischer** wata  masani ce yar Amurka wanda etace ne Eugene Higgins farfesa ce a fannin  ilmin taurari a Jami'ar Yale da ke bincike da gano abubuwan da ke cikin sararin samaniya. Ta gano ɗaruruwan exoplanets kuma ta kasance cikin ƙungiyar don gano tsarin da aka sani na farko-duniya.  

## Ilimi
Fischer ta sami digirinta a fannin aikin jinya daga Jami'ar Iowa a shekara ta  1975, ƙwararriyar kimiyya a fannin kimiyyar lissafi daga Jami'ar Jihar San Francisco a 1992, da PhD a fannin ilimin taurari daga Jami'ar California a Santa Cruz a 1998.   

## Bincike da aiki
Fischer ya haɗe-haɗe da rubuce- rubuce sama da 300 akan taurarin dwarf da exoplanets . A cikin takardu guda biyu tare da Jeff Valenti,  ta ƙididdige alaƙa tsakanin sinadari na taurari masu masaukin baki da kuma samuwar manyan taurarin iskar gas.   Ta jagoranci N2K Consortium tare da Gregory P. Laughlin, gano da yawa na exoplanets a kusa da taurari masu arziki a Keck Observatory, Subaru Observatory, da Magellan Observatory.   Aikinta na "Binciken Duniya na Shekara Ashirin da Biyar" an taƙaita shi a cikin takarda na 2014.  A cikin 2015, ta shirya taron bita na kasa da kasa kan Extreme Precision Radial Velocities a Jami'ar Yale  kuma ta jagoranci takardar taron tare da mawallafin 55.  Tare da ƙungiyar Oxford Zooniverse, Fischer ya haɗu da aikin Kimiyya na Jama'a na Planet Hunters . 

Fischer ya yi aiki a kan kayan aiki don inganta ma'auni don gano exoplanets. A cikin 2011, ta fara Binciken Fiber-optic Ingantaccen Tsarin Doppler na gaba na Neman Exo-Earths tare da Planetary Society, haɓakawa wanda ya taimaka wa mafarauta na duniya samun ƙananan, ƙarin taurari masu kama da duniya.  A cikin 2014, ta yi aiki tare da abokan aiki a Jami'ar Yale akan microcomb don madaidaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa.  Ita ce babban mai bincike don zane-zane guda uku: CHIRON, CTIO High Resolution Spectrometer,  VUES, Jami'ar Vilnius Echelle Spectrograph  da EXPRES, EXtreme Precision Spectrograph.     

Fischer da abokan aiki    sun kuma taimaka wajen inganta ilimin kididdiga da hanyoyin ilmantarwa na na'ura don inganta nazarin bayanai da kuma hankali ga ƙananan taurari. Fischer ya yi aiki a matsayin Daraktan Sashen a Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Kasa daga 2021 - 2023. 

## Ayyuka da gudunmawa
Lokacin da Fischer ya gano tsarin tsarin duniyar duniya na farko a cikin 1999, ta ba da gudummawar amincewa da samuwar tauraro ta hanyar yin amfani da bincike wanda ya gano tare da haɗin gwiwar tasirin tsarin taurari da ƙattan iskar gas ɗin su har ma da sinadarai na taurarin runduna.  

Fischer kuma ya kirkiro wani aikin da ake kira planethunters.org, wanda ya taimaka mata da kungiyarta tare da gano duniya. A cewar Fischer, aikinta na "Planet Hunters" ya dogara ne akan aikin Kepler, wanda hakan ya sanya ita da kungiyarta fatan aikin nasu ya wuce nasara. 

## Girmamawa da kyaututtuka

* 1993 Fellowation Student Fellowship, NSF 
* 1994 Marilyn C. Davis Scholarship, UCSC 
* 1997 California Space Grant, NASA 
* 2002 Kyautar Carl Sagan, Ƙungiyar Astronautical Society ta Amurka 
* 2004 Benjamin Dean Lecturer, California Academy of Science 
* 2004 ƙwararren Masanin taurari don Sadarwar Kimiyya, Amateur Astronomer Society of Northern California 
* 2005-2007 Masanin Kimiyya na Cottrell 
* 2009 Radcliffe Cibiyar Cibiyar Radcliffe: Satumba 2009 - Yuni 2010 
* 2010 Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering 
* 2012 Memba na Cibiyar Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka 
* 2016 Hall of Fame Inductee Jami'ar Jihar San Francisco 
* 2020 An Zaɓe Legacy Fellow of the American Astronomical Society 
* 2021 aji na Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science 
* 2021 zaba memba na National Academy of Sciences 

## manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje