Yasmine Belkaid

**Yasmine Belkaid** ( ; An haife ta  a shekara ta 1968) masaniyar rigakafi ce na Aljeriya kuma babbar mai bincike a Cibiyar Allergy da Cututtuka ta Ƙasa  (NIAID) kuma farfesa a Jami'ar Pennsylvania.  An fi saninta da aikinta na nazarin hulɗar mahalli-microbe a cikin kyallen takarda da tsarin rigakafi ga ƙwayoyin cuta. A halin yanzu Belkaid tana aiki a matsayin darektar shirin NIAID Microbiome.  A ranar 29 ga watan Maris 2023, an naɗa ta a matsayin Shugabar Cibiyar Pasteur na tsawon shekaru shida, daga watan Janairu 2024. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Belkaid kuma ta girma a Algiers, Algeria. Mahaifinta shi ne ɗan siyasar Aljeriya Aboubakr Belkaid wanda aka kashe a ranar 28 ga watan Satumba, 1995, a lokacin Black decade.  Ta sami digirinta na farko da na biyu a fannin kimiyyar halittu daga Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha Houari Boumediene  da kuma Master of  Advanced Studies daga Jami'ar Paris-Sud. Ta sami digirin digirgir a fannin rigakafi daga Cibiyar Pasteur a cikin shekarar 1996, inda ta yi nazarin hanyoyin rigakafi na asali ga kamuwa da cutar *Leishmania*.

## Sana'a

### Masana ilimi
Bayan kammala karatun digiri, ta koma Amurka don yin karatun digiri na biyu a Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases na NIAID. A shekara ta 2002, ta shiga sashin kula da ƙwayoyin cuta a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Yara ta Cincinnati kafin ta koma NIAID a cikin shekarar 2005 a matsayin mai binciken bin diddigi a  Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases. A cikin shekarar 2008, ta zama Farfesa  na Pathology and Laboratory Medicine a Jami'ar Pennsylvania. 

### Bincike
Binciken Belkaid yana mayar da hankali ne kan kwance hanyoyin da ke tattare da hulɗar host-microbe a cikin ɓangarorin gastrointestinal da kuma fata, waɗanda wuraren shingen ɗabi'a ne tsakanin ayyukan cikin gida da muhallinsu na waje.  Wannan kuma ya haɗa da rawar da microbiota ke takawa wajen haɓaka rigakafi daga kamuwa da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa. 

Binciken Belkaid kuma ya haifar da gano wasu ƙwayoyin cuta na fata waɗanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kare kariya.  Sun gudanar da wannan gwajin ne ta hanyar amfani da berayen da ba su da ƙwayoyin cuta da ke faruwa a cikin fata ko hanjinsu ta yadda za su iya mallake waɗancan berayen da nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta masu “mai kyau”. Daga nan sai suka cutar da berayen da aka yi wa mulkin mallaka da kuma wanda ba su da ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayar cuta, kuma sun gano cewa waɗanda ba su da “kyakkyawan” bakteriya ba za su iya yaƙar cutar ba, yayin da waɗanda ke ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta suka ɗaga maganin rigakafi mai inganci.  Ƙungiyarta ta kuma gano cewa ƙwayoyin cuta masu amfani da ke zaune a saman fata kuma suna iya hanzarta warkar da raunuka a cikin berayen. 

Ƙungiyar Belkaid kuma tana nazarin abin da ke faruwa idan akwai rashin daidaituwa a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Binciken Belkaid ya ci gaba da fahimtar kimiyya game da yadda sauye-sauye a cikin microbiota zai iya taimakawa ga cututtuka, musamman cututtuka masu kumburi kamar cutar Crohn da Psoriasis.

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa

* 2013 – Lambar Zinariya ta International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular 
* 2016 - Kyautar  Sanofi-Pasteur  International Mid-career Award 
* 2016 - Elected fellow, na Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin Halitta ta Amirka 
* 2017 - Kyautar Emil von Behring 
* 2017 - An zabe ta zuwa Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa 
* 2018 - An zaɓe ta zuwa Cibiyar Nazarin Magunguna ta Ƙasa 
* 2019 - Kyautar Lurie a Kimiyyar  Halittu, ta Gidauniyar Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiya ta Ƙasa  
* 2020 - An zaɓe tazuwa Cibiyar Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka 
* 2021 - Kyautar Robert Koch 

## Manazarta