Jane Hinton

**Jane Hinton** (1 ga Mayu, 1919 - 9 ga Afrilu, 2003) ta kasance majagaba a nazarin juriyar ƙwayoyin cuta na maganin rigakafi kuma ɗaya daga cikin mata 'yan Afirka-Amurkawa biyu na farko da suka sami digirin Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (1949).  Kafin karatunta na likitancin dabbobi a Jami'ar Pennsylvania, ta kasance ma'aikaciyar fasaha a dakin gwaje-gwaje a Harvard, tana haɓaka Mueller-Hinton agar, wata hanyar al'adu wacce yanzu ake amfani da ita don gwada saurin kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta ga maganin rigakafi.   Daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin ƙaramin likitan dabbobi a Massachusetts, sannan kuma a matsayin mai duba lafiyar gwamnatin tarayya wanda ke binciken barkewar cututtuka a cikin dabbobi na Ma'aikatar Noma. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Jane Hinton a ranar 1 ga Mayu, 1919.  Mahaifinta, William Augustus Hinton (1883–1959), ƙwararren masanin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma masanin cututtuka wanda ƙwararre ne a fannin gano cutar syphilis da kuma magance ta, gami da haɓaka gwaje-gwajen cutar syphilis.   Ɗan tsohon bayi,  shi ne farfesa na farko ɗan Afirka-Amurka a Jami'ar Harvard kuma marubuci na farko ɗan Afirka-Amurka wanda ya rubuta littafi. Ya shiga aikin likitancin dakin gwaje-gwaje saboda wariyar launin fata a Boston ta hana shi samun horo a fannin likitanci.  Mahaifiyar Jane Hinton ita ce Ada Hawes (1878–1958),  malamar Latin da Turanci a Kwalejin Jihar Tallahassee kuma ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa, an haife ta a Georgia.     William da Ada sun yi aure a 1909,   kuma sun haifi 'ya'ya mata biyu, Jane da Ann Hinton Jones.   Tun tana ƙarama, Jane ta yi makaranta a Turai, inda iyayenta suka yi imanin cewa za ta sami mafi kyawun ilimin da ake da shi a matsayin ɗalibi baƙar fata. Ta koma Amurka don kammala makarantar sakandare a Montpelier Seminary da ke Vermont a shekarar 1935, kafin ta sami digirin farko a jami'a tana da shekaru 20 daga Kwalejin Simmons a shekarar 1939. 

## Sana'a

Kafin aikinta na likitan dabbobi, Jane Hinton ta yi aiki a wani dakin gwaje-gwaje a Sashen Bacteriology da Immunology a Jami'ar Harvard, inda ta haɗu da Mueller-Hinton agar tare da John Howard Mueller .  Wannan agar wani magani ne da aka ƙera don ware ƙwayoyin cuta na Neisseria waɗanda ke haifar da gonorrhea da meningococcal meningitis .  Mueller da Hinton sun gano cewa sitaci a cikin agar yana taimakawa wajen haɓaka ƙwayoyin cuta kuma yana hana gubar ƙwayoyin cuta shiga cikin gwajin maganin rigakafi.  Ya zama maganin al'ada da aka fi amfani da shi a Neisseria. A cikin shekarun 1960, gwaje-gwaje sun nuna dacewarsa don gano ko ƙwayoyin cuta suna da sauƙin kamuwa da maganin rigakafi.  Cibiyar Kula da Ka'idojin Asibiti da Dakunan gwaje-gwaje, wacce ke kafa mafi kyawun ƙa'idodin dakin gwaje-gwaje na duniya, ta ɗauki dabarar Kirby-Bauer ta amfani da agar Mueller-Hinton a matsayin ma'aunin zinare don gwajin maganin rigakafi. 

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, Hinton ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin dakin gwaje-gwaje a Arizona.  Bayan Yaƙin, Hinton ta yi karatun likitancin dabbobi a Jami'ar Pennsylvania, inda ta sami digirin Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (VMD) a 1949. Ita da Alfreda Johnson Webb, wacce ta kammala karatun digiri na VMD daga Cibiyar Tuskegee (wanda yanzu Jami'ar Tuskegee ce ) a wannan shekarar, su ne likitocin dabbobi mata 'yan Afirka-Amurka na farko.  Akwai likitocin dabbobi 'yan Afirka-Amurka guda huɗu kacal da suka kammala karatun digiri na VMD a Jami'ar Pennsylvania kafin Hinton ta sami digiri na biyu, kuma ba za a sake samun wani ba sai a 1968.  Hinton da Webb suma su ne membobin farko na Baƙar fata-Amurka na Ƙungiyar Magungunan Dabbobin Mata. 

Bayan ta sami digirinta, Hinton ta yi aiki a matsayin ƙaramin likitan dabbobi a Canton, Massachusetts, sannan ta zama mai duba lafiyar dabbobi na gwamnatin tarayya a Framingham, Massachusetts, inda ta yi aiki don yaƙi da barkewar cututtuka a cikin dabbobi. 

An karrama Jane Hinton, tare da John Taylor, ɗan Afirka-Amurka na farko da ya kammala karatunsa a makarantar likitancin dabbobi ta Jami'ar Pennsylvania, a lokacin bikin cika shekaru 100 na makarantar ta hannun ƙungiyar ɗaliban dabbobi 'yan tsiraru a shekarar 1984.

Jane Hinton ta yi ritaya a shekarar 1960 kuma ta mutu tana da shekaru 84 a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 2003. 

## Manazarta