1979 Ranar Mata ta Duniya a Tehran

A ranar mata ta kasa da kasa a ranar 8 ga Maris, 1979, an gudanar da zanga-zangar mata a Tehran a Iran. Da farko an yi niyyar wannan tafiya ne don bikin Ranar Mata ta Duniya, amma ta zama zanga-zanga mai yawa game da canje-canjen da ke faruwa a cikin 'yancin mata a lokacin Juyin Juya Halin Iran, musamman gabatar da hijabi (rubuce), wanda aka sanar da shi ranar da ta gabata. zanga-zangar ta dauki kwanaki shida, daga 8 ga Maris zuwa 14 ga Maris 1979, tare da dubban mata da suka halarci. Masu zanga-zangar sun haɗu da tashin hankali da tsoratar da sojojin Islama masu goyon bayan Khomeini.

Kungiyar Islama da ke karkashin jagorancin malamai a lokacin, ba tare da iyawa da iko don ware masu fafutukar siyasa ba, an tilasta su koma baya bayan zanga-zangar har zuwa waɗannan burin. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, ƙungiyar Islama ta tattara mata masu Islama don taruwa a madadin sabon tsarin siyasa da zamantakewa da suke so su aiwatarwa. A watan Yunin 1981, bangaren da ke goyon bayan Khomeini ya lalata mafi yawan bangarorin siyasa masu sassaucin ra'ayi da na hagu na Iran. Sa'an nan, a cikin 1983, majalisar dokokin Iran (Majles) ta amince da dokar "kariya ga mata waɗanda suka ki bin ƙa'idar ƙa'idar". Tun daga wannan lokacin, irin waɗannan dokoki da ke goyon bayan rufe fuska sun zama mahimmin mahimmanci a cikin "tsare-tsaren siyasa na mata da rashin amincewa", kuma sun ba da jagorancin Iran bayan 1979 wata hujja mai dacewa don "matsi, tsoratar da shi, kai farmaki, da kuma ɗaure mata masu gwagwarmaya daga ko'ina cikin akidar".

## Tarihi
An soke rufe fuska a cikin Kashf-e hijab na 1936 a lokacin mulkin Reza Shah, kuma an dakatar da rufe fuska na tsawon shekaru biyar. Daga 1941 zuwa gaba, a karkashin dan Reza Shah kuma magaji Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, mata sun sami 'yanci su yi ado kamar yadda suke so. Koyaya, a ƙarƙashin mulkinsa, an ɗauki Chador a matsayin lambar baya, kuma alama ce ta kasancewa memba na ƙaramin aji. An ɗauka mata masu rufe fuska sun fito ne daga iyalai masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, tare da iyakantaccen ilimi, yayin da aka ɗauka mata masu buɗewa sun fito ne ga masu ilimi da ƙwararru na sama ko na tsakiya.

A lokacin juyin juya halin ƙarshen 1970s, hijab ya zama alama ce ta siyasa. Masu ra'ayin mazan jiya sun dauki Hijab a matsayin alamar nagarta, kuma, ta haka ne, sun bayyana mata a matsayin akasin haka. Wasu daga cikin 'yan adawa sun ga mata da aka bayyana a matsayin alama ce ta mulkin mallaka na al'adun Yamma, Westoxication; a matsayin mai yada "al'adun Yankin da suka lalace", suna lalata ra'ayin gargajiya na "al'amuran al'umma"; kuma a matsayin " 'yan tsana", waɗanda suka rasa mutuncin su. Pahlavis sun dauki hijabi a matsayin kin amincewa da manufofin sabuntawa, kuma, ta haka ne, na mulkin su, kuma a lokacin juyin juya halin Iran, yawancin mata marasa ra'ayin mazan jiya na 'yan adawa sun sa mayafin, tunda ya zama alama ce ta adawa da gwamnatin Pahlavi.

A lokacin zanga-zangar da ta haifar da juyin juya halin, mata da ke shiga cikin zanga-zambe galibi suna sanya mayafin, kuma matan da suka bayyana a bayyane galibi masu juyin juya hali ne ke damun su. Kalmomin juyin juya halin 1979 sun kasance: "Sa sutura, ko kuma za mu buge kai" da "Mutuwa ga wanda aka bayyana".   A cikin 1978-1979, a farkon Juyin Juya Halin Musulunci, ƙungiyar adawa da Shah ta ƙunshi ƙungiyar masu sassaucin ra'ayi, masu kishin ƙasa na addini, masu fafutukar Islama, Marxists-Leninists, bazaaris, da ma'aikatan mai masu yajin aiki. Duk da haka Ayatollah Khomeini ne, malamin Shia, wanda da sauri ya kafa kansa a matsayin babban shugaban juyin juya halin. A cikin burinsa na hambarar da shah, ya ƙarfafa mata su shiga cikin lamarin, amma, a lokaci guda, ya nuna kadan ko babu wata alama cewa yana so ya gabatar da rufe fuska, ko ma yana so ya soke takamaiman haƙƙin mata a cikin Iran bayan juyin juya hali. A lokacin da ya dawo Iran ne maganganunsa da na abokansa na siyasa suka sauya da sauri.

Babu wata doka da aka bayar da ta ba da umarnin rufe fuska nan da nan bayan juyin juya halin, amma tunda ana yawan cin zarafin mata da aka bayyana kuma ana matsa musu matsin lamba, da yawa daga cikinsu sun koma sanya mayafin don kauce wa cin zarafi.

## Manazarta