Ƙungiyar Ruwa ta Duniya

**Ƙungiyar Ruwa ta Duniya** ( **IWA** ) ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta kuma cibiyar ilimi ga ɓangaren ruwa, tana haɗa ƙwararrun ruwa da kamfanoni don nemo mafita ga ƙalubalen ruwa na duniya. Tana da ma'aikata na dindindin da ke zaune a hedikwatarta da sakatariyar duniya a tsakiyar London, Ingila, don tallafawa ayyukan, kuma tana da ofishin yanki a Chennai, Indiya .  Manufar IWA ita ce ta yi aiki a matsayin cibiyar sadarwa ta ƙasa da ƙasa ga ƙwararrun ruwa da haɓaka ƙa'idodi da hanyoyin da suka dace don kula da ruwa mai ɗorewa . Membanta wani tsari ne na duniya wanda ya ƙunshi kamfanonin fasaha 313, masu amfani da ruwa da ruwan sharar gida, jami'o'i 54, da masu ruwa da tsaki a fannonin ayyukan ruwa, injiniyan ababen more rayuwa da ba da shawara da kuma mutane 7,791 ciki har da masana kimiyya da masu bincike, tare da membobi 53 masu mulki (2021).  IWA memba ce mai alaƙa da Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya (ISC). IWA tana da ƙungiyoyin yanki, kusan ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru 50 waɗanda ke rufe manyan batutuwa a fannin kula da ruwa na birane, ƙungiyoyin aiki na musamman, da hanyoyin sadarwa na ilimi na yanar gizo. 

Ana shirya manyan taruka guda biyu a kowace shekara biyu: Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Ruwa da Nunin (WWDE) da kuma Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Ruwa da Bunkasa (WDCE). IWA tana aiki a kan batutuwa daban-daban da suka shafi cikakken zagayen ruwa, tare da shirye-shirye guda huɗu - Basin of the Future ( tsaro da ruwa ), Birane na Gaba ( muhalli na birane, birni mai dorewa ), Ayyukan Ruwa da Tsafta (sarrafa ruwan shara ) gami da manufofi da ƙa'idojin Ruwa - waɗanda ke aiki don cimma Manufofin Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa da Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 70 ya amince da su da kuma magance barazanar da ke tattare da ruwa mai dorewa da sauyin yanayi ke haifarwa.

## Tarihi

### Haɗakar IWSA da IAWQ
Ƙungiyar ta samo asali ne daga *ƙungiyar samar da ruwa ta duniya* (IWSA), wacce aka kafa a watan Yunin 1947 a Harrogate, ƙasar Burtaniya, inda ta canza sunanta zuwa *ƙungiyar kula da ruwa ta duniya* (IWSA) a tsakiyar shekarun 1990, da kuma *ƙungiyar kula da ingancin ruwa ta duniya* (IAWQ), wacce aka kafa a matsayin *ƙungiyar bincike ta duniya kan gurɓatar ruwa* (IAWPR) a shekarar 1962, wacce aka kafa a watan Yunin 1965 a wannan birni, wadda aka sake mata suna *Ƙungiyar Bincike da Kula da Gurɓatar Ruwa ta Duniya* (IAWPRC) a watan Maris na 1982 kuma ta rungumi IAWQ a watan Mayu na 1992.   Dukansu ƙungiyoyi ne na membobin duniya - ɗaya da ta shafi harkar samar da ruwan sha da kuma ɗayan da ta shafi harkar samar da ruwan sha - waɗanda aka keɓe don ci gaba da bincike da mafi kyawun ayyuka ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar ƙasashen duniya, amma sun wakilci dalilai guda biyu daban-daban, ra'ayoyi, tarihi, da bayanan membobinsu. 

Ƙungiyoyin suna da jerin ayyuka da suka mayar da hankali kan tarurrukan da ake yi akai-akai, waɗanda a cikin shekarun baya za su haɗa da tarurrukan musamman da tarurrukan yanki ga mutane ba tare da hanyoyin halartar tarurrukan shekara biyu ba.  Tsarin ƙungiyar ƙwararru da aka tsara da kansu wanda aka fara ƙirƙira a cikin IAWPRC zai zama ginshiƙin tsarin aikin IWA wanda ya wuce tarurrukan shekara biyu na IWA, kuma za a ƙara wadata shi da ƙungiyoyi da shirye-shiryen da ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru suka kafa a cikin IWA.  A tarihin IWSA, abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kansa na buga mujallu ya yi ƙasa idan aka kwatanta da IAWQ. 

Tattaunawa game da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin IWSA da IAWQ ta fara ne a shekarar 1996.  Ganin cewa suna zaune a Landan tsawon shekaru da dama, an daɗe ana la'akari da ra'ayin haɗin gwiwa.  A ƙarshe, an gudanar da shawarwari kan haɗin gwiwa ta hanyar abin da daga baya aka san shi da *Ƙungiyar Haɗaka* (MCG), waɗanda suka yi taro na ƙarshe a Landan a ranar 12-13 ga Mayu 1999.  A ranar 23 ga Janairu 1998, shugabannin wancan lokacin, Nicholas Hood na IWSA da Thomas Keinath na IAWQ, sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fahimta, wadda ta share fagen amincewa da haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyoyi biyu.  Bayan sun sami umarni daga hukumomin gudanarwa na su game da shawarar da aka gabatar a hukumance, IWSA a watan Mayu da IAWQ a watan Yuni a wannan shekarar, an shirya cikakken haɗin gwiwar zai gudana kafin 1 ga Agusta 1999.  An rufe haɗin gwiwar a hukumance a lokacin wani taron sanya hannu da aka gudanar a Makon Ruwa na Stockholm a watan Agusta 1999.  A ƙarƙashin Dokar Sadaka ta Burtaniya, haɗin gwiwar ya wargaza IWSA da IAWQ a hukumance, wanda ya haifar da kafa sabuwar ƙungiya. 

Ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru guda biyu masu fasaha tare da al'adu daban-daban, da hanyoyin aiki sun haɗu a ranar 7 ga Satumba, 1999 don kafa Ƙungiyar Ruwa ta Duniya (IWA), inda suka ƙirƙiri ƙungiya ɗaya ta ƙasa da ƙasa da ta mai da hankali kan cikakken zagayowar ruwa.   Haɗin gwiwar ya samo asali ne daga sauƙaƙe ayyukan da sha'awar tara tarin abubuwa masu mahimmanci.  An sanya hannu kan doka kuma an ƙirƙiri IWA a ƙarshen Yuli 1999, an ƙaddamar da IWA a bikin ƙarshe na Babban Taron Ruwa na Duniya na 22 na IWSA, wanda aka gudanar a Buenos Aires, Argentina a tsakanin 18-24 ga Satumba, 1999, tare da haɗin gwiwar AIDIS Argentina.  IWA ta fara aiki a sabon hedikwatar ta da ke Caxton Street, London, United Kingdom daga Janairu 2000. An haɗa a cikin tsarin haɗin gwiwar akwai sabon tsarin jagoranci na membobi, *Majalisar Kimiyya da Fasaha* (STC) da *Majalisar Gudanarwa da Manufofi* (MPC), da ƙirƙirar rassan biyu: IWA Publishing (IWA) da Gidauniyar IWA. 

### Shekarun farko, sabbin manufofi da ofisoshi
An gudanar da babban taro na farko a ƙarƙashin jagorancin sabuwar ƙungiyar a birnin Paris a shekarar 2000, inda wakilai kusan 2,500 suka halarci gabatarwar baki 450, gabatarwar fosta 750 da kuma tarurrukan bita da tarurrukan karawa juna sani 4.    A shekarar 2009, IWA ta ƙaddamar da taron ci gaba na shekara biyu, inda birnin Mexico ya zama wurin da aka fara gabatarwa, a matsayin muhimmin ɓangare na babban ajandarta don haɓaka ci gaba a ƙasashe masu tasowa .  Tare da Gidauniyar Tsabtace Ruwa ta Amurka (ACWF), IWA ta ɗauki nauyin Ranar Kula da Ruwa ta Duniya ta farko a watan Oktoba na 2003, inda ta gudanar da haɗin gwiwa na shirin tare da Hukumar Muhalli ta Ruwa (WEF) daga Yuli 2006 zuwa Janairu 2015, inda aka mayar da aikin mai gudanarwa zuwa *EarthEcho International* .   Zuwa watan Satumba na 2016, adadin membobin IWA ya karu zuwa mambobi 6,295, wanda hakan ya nuna karuwar mambobi 4,901 a shekarar 2007.  

Masana ruwa sun ƙara tattaunawa da amincewa kan buƙatar tsarin da ya dace don tabbatar da ƙa'idodin ingancin ruwan sha, wanda ƙungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ƙara jaddadawa ta hanyar haɓaka bugu na 3 na *Jagororinta don Ingancin Ruwan Sha* (GDWQ), suna mai da hankali kan kula da haɗari tare da sa ido kan samfuran ƙarshe don bin ƙa'idodi.  An tsara tsarin gabaɗaya don kula da ingancin ruwa a lokacin bita a Bonn, Jamus a watan Oktoba 2001 kuma an inganta shi a watan Fabrairu 2004, wanda ya haifar da *Yarjejeniyar Bonn don Ruwan Sha Mai Tsarki*, wanda IWA ta ƙaddamar a watan Satumba 2004 a lokacin WWC&E na 4.   *Yarjejeniyar Bonn don Ruwan Sha Mai Tsarki* tana fafutukar ɗaukar Tsarin Tsaron Ruwa (WSPs), daidai da WHO GDWQ.

Zuwa shekarar 2015, shekarar da aka tsara don Manufofin Ci Gaban Karni na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (MDG) daga 2009, an rungumi ajandar 2030 na Manufofin Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (SDG) a matsayin wani sabon batu mai muhimmanci da ya mayar da hankali kan ruwa a tsakanin sauran muhimman abubuwan da suka fi daukar hankali a duniya.  A watan Maris na 2015, an sanar da AquaRating a matsayin hukumar tantancewa ta farko a duniya ga bangaren ruwa ta hanyar kafa ma'aunin kasa da kasa don tantance samar da ayyukan ruwa da tsafta, wanda Bankin Ci Gaban Kasashen Amurka (IADB) da IWA suka tsara tare.   A ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2016, Bankin Duniya da IWA sun sanar da kafa kawance da ke kewaye da rage asarar ruwa.  A cikin hadin gwiwa da Asusun OPEC na Ci Gaban Kasa da Kasa (OFID), IWA ta buga wani rahoto a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, 2017, yana jaddada muhimmancin daukar mataki cikin gaggawa don inganta maganin sharar gida, sake amfani da shi, da sake amfani da shi. 

A wani biki na hukuma a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba 2007, an buɗe babban ofishin aiki a The Hague, Netherlands, wanda ya biyo bayan buɗe ofisoshin yanki a Beijing, Jamhuriyar China (7 ga Disamba 2006) da Singapore (5 ga Yuni 2007), sannan daga baya a Nairobi, Kenya (2009/2010), Bucharest, Romania (24 ga Nuwamba 2009) da Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Amurka (2016).      An kafa ofishin yanki a Chennai, Indiya a watan Mayu 2018 don daidaita ayyukan ƙungiyar a duk faɗin Kudancin Asiya, kuma tana ɗaukar nauyin wani ƙaramin sashe na ƙungiyar IT da Canjin Dijital.  An sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa wadda ta kafa sabuwar Cibiyar Ayyuka ta Duniya ta IWA a Nanjing, Jamhuriyar China, a ranar 22 ga Oktoba 2018 don karɓar baƙuncin Haɗin gwiwa da Sabis na Membobin Yankin Asiya & Oceania, Water Intelligence, IWA Learn, da Event, ta fara aiki gaba ɗaya a watan Yuli 2019, kuma ta ci gaba da aiki har zuwa ƙarshen 2022 ko farkon 2023.   Brexit ta ba da damar rufe ayyukan ƙungiyar a Netherlands da kuma mayar da ayyukan zuwa Burtaniya, inda IWA da IWA Publishing suka raba ofishi a London tun daga watan Yulin 2020. 

## Manazarta