Trevor Manuel

**Trevor Andrew Manuel** (an haife shi a ranar 31 ga watan Janairu 1956) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu mai murabus ne kuma tsohon ɗan gwagwarmayar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata wanda ya yi aiki a majalisar ministocin Afirka ta Kudu tsakanin shekarun 1994 zuwa 2014. Ya kasance Ministan Kuɗi  daga shekarun 1996 zuwa 2009 a ƙarƙashin shugabanni uku da suka biyo baya. Sannan ya kasance ministan kasuwanci da masana'antu na farko bayan mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata daga shekarun 1994 zuwa 1996 sannan kuma ya zama ministan fadar shugaban ƙasa na hukumar tsare-tsare ta ƙasa  daga shekarun 2009 zuwa 2014. Ya kasance mamba a kwamitin zartarwa na jam'iyyar ANC na ƙasa  daga shekarun 1991 zuwa 2012.

An haife shi kuma ya girma a Cape Town, Manuel ya sami horo a matsayin masanin gine-gine amma ya kasance cikakken ɗan gwagwarmayar siyasa daga shekarun 1981, da farko a matsayin babban sakatare na Kwamitin Ayyukan Gidaje na Cape Areas. Tsakanin shekarun 1983 zuwa 1990, ya kasance sakataren yanki na United Democratic Front kuma memba na zartarwa na ƙasa. A yayin tattaunawar kawo ƙarshen mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata, ya yi aiki a gidan Shell a matsayin shugaban sashen tsare-tsare na cikin gida na jam'iyyar ANC daga shekarun 1991 zuwa 1994.

An zaɓe shi a Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa  a zaɓen farko bayan mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata a watan Afrilu 1994, an kuma naɗa Manuel a matsayin ministan ciniki da masana'antu a gwamnatin haɗin kan ƙasa  ta Nelson Mandela. A cikin shekaru biyu da ya yi a cikin wannan kundin, ya jajirce wajen samar da 'yancin walwala a Afirka ta Kudu bayan mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata. Ya zama Ministan Kuɗi na Mandela a wani garambawul na majalisar ministoci a watan Afrilun 1996 kuma ya ci gaba da zama a ofishin na tsawon shekaru 13 masu zuwa, yana aiki a tsawon wa'adin shugabannin Thabo Mbeki da Kgalema Motlanthe. Ya jagoranci ci gaban tattalin arziki mai ɗorewa a Afirka ta Kudu, wanda masu sha'awar ya ba da wani ɓangare ga manufar Ci gaban Kasuwanci, Samar da Aiki da Sake Rarraba Kasuwa na Baitul-mali na Ƙasa. Ko da yake masu sukarsa a cikin Tripartite Alliance sun yi masa ba'a a matsayin mai sassaucin ra'ayi, wasu sun bayyana shi a matsayin mai fa'ida.

Bayan babban zaɓen da aka gudanar a watan Afrilun 2009, Manuel ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin majalisar ministocin shugaba Jacob Zuma a matsayin minista a fadar shugaban ƙasa na hukumar tsare-tsare ta ƙasa. Ya jagoranci kafa hukumar, inda ya zama shugabanta na farko, sannan ya jagoranci tsara shirin raya kasa na 2030, wanda aka amince da shi a shekarar 2012. Ya sanar da yin murabus daga harkokin siyasa gabanin babban zaɓen watan Mayun 2014. Tun daga shekarar 2017, ya kasance shugaban tsoffin Kasuwannin Kasuwanni masu tasowa.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haife shi a ranar 31 ga watan Janairu 1956, Manuel ya girma a Kensington, wani yanki na Cape Town.  Iyayensa su ne Philma van Söhnen, ma'aikacin tufafi, da kuma Abraham James Manuel, wanda ya yi aiki da majalisar birnin Cape Town har ya mutu lokacin da Manuel yana da shekaru 13.  A cewar Manuel na "tatsuniya na iyali", kakanninsa sun kasance 'yar gudun hijirar Portuguese da kuma mace Khoekhoe;   An rarraba Manuel a matsayin Launi a ƙarƙashin mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata. 

Ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Windermere a Kensington sannan Harold Cressy High School a Gundumar Shida. Daga baya ya ce "siyasa ta zo gare ni" lokacin da aka rage ajin makarantar firamare ta hanyar aiwatar da Dokar Ilimi ta Bantu,  kuma yana aiki a cikin ƙungiyoyin jama'a na gida tun yana matashi.  Har ila yau, a taƙaice ya shiga reshen matasa na jam'iyyar Labour a shekarar 1969, bisa ƙarfafawar mahaifinsa, amma ya daina saboda "matsi na ƙwararru a makaranta" da kuma saboda rashin jituwa da kansa da shawarar jam'iyyar na shiga cikin Majalisar Wakilai masu launi. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya kammala karatun difloma a fannin aikin injiniya da gine-gine a Peninsula Technikon. 

## Gwagwarmayar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata
Daga shekarun 1974 zuwa 1981, Manuel ya yi aiki a matsayin masanin gine-gine yayin da yake ci gaba da sa hannun sa a fafutukar yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata. Da farko dai siyasar kungiyar Black Consciousness Movement ta ja hankalinsa, amma a shekarar 1979 ya tafi Botswana domin shiga jam'iyyar ANC mai gudun hijira, a cikin kalamansa yana fatan ya zama "mai juyin juya hali mai babban gemu da babbar bindiga".  Jam'iyyar ANC ta mayar da shi Cape Town,  inda a cikin shekarar 1981 ya zama cikakken mai fafutuka a matsayin babban sakatare na kafa Kwamitin Ayyukan Gidaje na Cape Areas.

## Manazarta