open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Asad Mehmood

**Asad Mehmood**  (Urdu: اسعد محمود; an haife shi a shekara ta 1985) Masanin addinin Musulunci ne kuma ɗan siyasa 'Yan Pakistan, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Sadarwa na Tarayya daga Afrilu 2022 zuwa Agusta 2023 kuma ya kasance memba na Majalisar Dokokin Pakistan daga Agusta 2018 zuwa Agusta 2023.

Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Kwamitin Dindindin na Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa kan Harkokin Addini da Harkokin Addinai. 

Ya kasance tsohon jami'in Khair al-Madaris kuma yana aiki a matsayin shugaban Jamia Qasim Ul Uloom .

## Ayyukan siyasa
An zabe shi a Majalisar Dokokin Pakistan a matsayin dan takarar Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA) daga mazabar NA-37 (Tank)  a Babban zaben Pakistan na 2018. Ya samu kuri'u 28,504 kuma ya ci Habib Ullah Khan Kundi, dan takarar Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf .  Bayan nasarar da ya samu a zaben, MMA ta zabi shi a matsayin Mataimakin Kakakin Majalisar Dokokin Pakistan.

A ranar 15 ga watan Agustan 2018, ya rasa ofishin ga Qasim Suri .  Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Kwamitin Dindindin na Majalisar Dokokin Pakistan kan Harkokin Addini da Harkokin Addinai. Ya yi rantsuwa a matsayin ministan tarayya na Sadarwa da Ayyukan Wasiku a cikin Shahbaz Sharif Cabinet.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
An haifi Asad a shekara ta 1985; shi ne ɗan Fazal-ur-Rehman, tsohon Shugaban kasa Shugaban Pakistan Democratic Movement, kuma jikan Mufti Mahmood, tsohon Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Babban Ministan NWFP (yanzu Khyber Pakhtunkhwa). 

Ya kammala karatu daga Jamia Qasim ul Uloom a Multan a shekara ta 2010, ya koyar a can a matsayin malami, kuma shi ne Shugaba.

## Manazarta
Mazhar Saeed Shah

**Mazhar Saeed Shah** (Urdu) wanda aka fi sani da *sunan yaƙi* **Abdullah Shah Mazhar** (Urdu: عبد الله شاه م ACPI) Masanin addinin Musulunci ne 'Yan Pakistan, tsohon shugaban mayakan kuma ɗan siyasa daga Neelum Valley na Azad Kashmir wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Bayanai na AJK kuma memba ne na Majalisar Azad Kashmira tun daga 2021.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Ya kammala karatu daga Jamia Binoria, Karachi kuma yana da Digiri na MA daga Jami'ar Karachi . 

Shi ne ƙaramin ɗan'uwan Mufti Abu Lubaba Shah Mansoor kuma jikan mahaifiyar Anwar Shah Kashmiri . 

## Ayyukan siyasa
A shekara ta 2006, Mazhar ta shiga cikin zaben daga Neelam Valley a kan tikitin Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal kuma ta sami kuri'u 4000. 

A shekara ta 2011, Mazhar ya sake shiga siyasar zabe amma ya janye saboda kawancen jam'iyyarsa da Taron Musulmi. Koyaya, bayan haka ya janye daga siyasa mai amfani a matakin gida.

A cikin 2021, Mazhar ta haɓaka dangantaka da Tehreek-e-Insaaf kuma ta sami tikitin wurin zama na musamman na Ulama don musayar goyon bayan PTI a Zaben 25 ga Yuli.  A cikin 2023, Mazhar ya ƙare kawancensa da Tehreek-e-Insaaf . 

A cikin 2023, Mazhar ya sake zama sananne lokacin da shugaban Pakistan Democratic Movement Maulana Fazlur Rehman ya ziyarci Kwarin Neelum. A lokacin wannan ziyarar Maulana ya karbi bakuncinsa, kuma dukansu biyu sun yi jawabi ga taron jama'a da yawa tare.

A watan Agustan 2025, Mazhar ya halarci wani taron addini a Bangladesh wanda Kwamitin Sirat ya shirya a matsayin baƙo na musamman. Ya tattauna game da jituwa ta addini da zaman lafiya.

## Jirgin ruwa na Gaza
A watan Satumbar 2025, Mazhar ya shiga Global Sumud Flotilla tare da wasu biyar, ciki har da tsohon Sanata Mushtaq Ahmad Khan .  Rundunar ta kasance yunkurin farar hula don isar da taimakon jin kai ga Gaza Strip da kuma karya ta hanyar toshewar sojan ruwa na Isra'ila.

Mazhar ya tilasta barin tafiyar bayan jirginsa ya sami gazawar fasaha kuma babu wani jirgi na maye gurbin.

A ranar 6 ga Oktoba 2025, Mazhar ya koma Pakistan, ya isa Filin jirgin saman Islamabad ta hanyar jirgin sama daga Doha.

## Zamanin yaƙi
A cikin 2021, lokacin da Mazhar ya zama dan takara ga majalisar dokoki ta AJK, da yawa a cikin adawa da jam'iyyar Tehreek-e-Insaaf mai mulki, gami da Bilawal Bhutto Zardari na PPP, sun soki matakin, suna zargin tsohon ƙungiyar Mazhar da kungiyoyin jihadi, gami na Taliban. 

Mazhar da kansa daga baya ya amince da kasancewarsa a Afghanistan a karkashin mulkin Taliban amma ya musanta duk wani "mutumin hukuma", kuma ya tabbatar da kasancewa "babban jagora" na Masood Azhar's Jaish-e-Mohammed . 

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin Deobandis

## Manazarta
Mazhar Nanautawi

**Muḥammad Mazhar Nanautawi** (1821-1885) masanin musulmi ne na Indiya kuma mai gwagwarmayar gwagwarmaya da 'yanci wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban Mazahir Uloom . Ya shiga cikin Yaƙin Shamli .

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Muḥammad Mazhar a cikin Iyalin Siddiqi na Nanauta a cikin 1821.  Mahaifinsa Lutf Ali dan uwan Mamluk Ali Nanautawi ne. Mazhar ya haddace *[[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]]* kuma ya sami ilimin firamare daga mahaifinsa. Ya yi karatu tare da Mamluk Ali Nanautawi a Kwalejin Delhi .  Ya yi nazarin *Muwatta Imam Malik* da wasu littattafan hadith tare da Shah Abd al-Ghani Dehlawi da *[[Sahi al-Bukhari|Sahih Bukhari]]* tare da Shah Muḥammad Ishāq Dehlawi .  Ya kasance almajirin Rashid Ahmad Gangohi a cikin Sufism . 

Aloys Sprenger ne ya nada Mazhar a matsayin babban malami na sashen Larabci na Kwalejin Gwamnati a Varanasi. Daga baya ya jagoranci sashen Larabci na Kwalejin Gwamnati, Ajmer .  Ya kuma koyar a Kwalejin Agra. Mazhar ya shiga cikin gwagwarmayar 'yancin Indiya kuma ya yi yaƙi tare da Imdadullah Muhajir Makki a Yaƙin Shamli .  Ra'ayoyinsa game da aiki a cibiyoyin gwamnati sun canza bayan 1857. Ya shiga Nawal Kishore Press a matsayin editan kwafin kuma ya yi aiki a can fiye da shekaru bakwai. Ayyukan da ya wallafa sun hada da Al-Ghazali's *Ihya al-Ulūm* da Tāhir Patni's *Majma' al-Bahhār*; wanda shine babban aikin ilimi na wannan lokacin. A watan Fabrairun 1867, Mazhar ya shiga Mazahir Uloom; inda ya koyar da batutuwa ciki har da tafsir, hadith, fiqh, adabi da tarihi. An yaba shi a matsayin wanda ya kafa Mazahir Uloom saboda rawar da ya taka a ci gabanta.

Mazhar ya mutu a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 1885. Dalibansa sun hada da Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi da Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri.

## Manazarta
Abd-al-Ghaffar Mauvi

Abd-al-Ghaffar Mauvi ko Abdul Ghaffar Mauwi (1866-1923) masanin Deobandi ne dan Indiya.[1] Ya yi aiki a matsayin malamin Islama na gida a gundumar Mau da Ballia, Uttar Pradesh.[2][3][4] Ya sami takaddun shaida, musamman a fagen hadisi daga fitaccen Maulana Rashid Ahmad Gangohi a shekara ta 1889[5]. Shahararrun dalibansa da suka hada da Allama Muhammad Ibrahim Balyawi da Maulana Habib al-Rahman al-A’zami[6]. Maulana Abd al-Ghaffar Mauvi ya rubuta littafai kusan arba'in ciki har da kadan daga cikinsu da aka buga[4][7].

## Manazarta
Manzoor Mengal

**Manzoor Ahmad Mengal** (Urdu: منظور احمد مینگل ) is a Pakistani Sunni Deobandi Islamic scholar from Balochistan, who serves as the Sheikh al-Hadīṯh at the Jamia Siddiqia and Jamia Farooqia.

Shi mai goyon bayan Jamiat Ulema-e Islam (F) ne.

## Ilimi da aiki
An haife shi a cikin dangin Baloch, Mengal ya sami ilimin farko a makarantar gwamnati. A shekara ta 1973, ya shiga wani madrasa a ƙauyensa. Bayan kammala karatunsa na Alkur'ani, ya koma Tando Muhammad Khan a 1979 kuma ya shiga Darul Uloom Muhammadiya Madrasa . Daga baya ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Jamia Farooqia a Karachi, ya ƙware a fagen karatun Hadith.

## Ayyuka da aikin ilimi
Mengal ya yi aiki a matsayin imam a Jamia Farooqia na tsawon shekaru 28. A lokacin mulkinsa, an ruwaito cewa ya jagoranci karatun dukan Alkur'ani sau 28 yayin Addu'o'in tilas.

A shekara ta 1992, ya kammala digirin digirin digirgir daga Jami'ar Sindh a cikin watanni biyu, a karkashin kulawar Nizamuddin Shamzai . Ya kuma haddace Sahih Bukhari yayin zamansa a Saudi Arabia, aikin da ya cika a cikin wata daya da rabi. Mengal yana da Harsuna da yawa, tare da ƙwarewa a cikin Balochi, Brahui, Pashto, Urdu, Larabci, da Farisa.

## Rikici
A cikin 2021, biyo bayan Maris na Aurat na shekara-shekara a Ranar Mata ta Duniya, Mengal ta sake maimaita zarge-zargen saɓo da aka yada ta hanyar masu adawa da mata a Pakistan.

## Littattafai

* *Tuhfatul Manazir*

## Dubi kuma

* Muhammad Ilyas Ghuman

## Manazarta
Abdul Salam Nadwi

**Abdul Salam Nadwi** (16 ga Fabrairu 1883 - 4 ga Oktoba 1955) masanin addinin Musulunci ne na Indiya, masanin tarihi, kuma marubuci na karni na 20. Ya kasance daga cikin daliban farko na Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama kuma almajirin Shibli Nomani. A yawancin aikinsa, an haɗa shi da Kwalejin Darul Musannefin Shibli a Azamgarh, inda ya yi aiki na shekaru da yawa.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Abdul Salam Nadwi a ranar 16 ga Fabrairu 1883 a Alauddin Patti, ƙauye a Azamgarh, Indiya . Ya sami ilimin farko a cibiyoyin gida kafin ya shiga Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama a cikin 1906. A can, ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin Shibli Nomani kuma ya fara horo a cikin bincike da rubutu. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya rubuta wata kasida game da koyarwar Hindu game da ƙaura, wanda aka buga a cikin mujallar *Al-Nadwa* . 

A cikin 1909, an nada Nadwi a matsayin malami a Nadwa . A shekara ta 1912, ya yi tafiya zuwa Calcutta tare da Abul Kalam Azad kuma ya yi aiki tare da shi a jaridar [./&#x3C;i&#x20;id= al-Hilal_(newspaper)" id="mwGQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Al-Hilal (newspaper)">*Al-Hilal*] . Bayan rufewar al-Hilal da mutuwar Shibli Nomani, Nadwi ya shiga sabuwar makarantar Darul Musannefin Shibli a shekara ta 1914, inda ya kasance mai aiki har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1955.

## Ayyuka
Rubuce-rubucen Nadwi sun fada cikin manyan rukuni uku: tarihi, adabi, da fassara. Ayyukansa na tarihi sun haɗa da *Uswa-e-Sahaba* (2 vols.), Uswa-ee-Sahabiyat, *Hukama-e-Islam* (2 vols.), Tarikh Akhlaq-e-Muslim, *Imam Razi*, da *Sirat Umar ibn Abdul Aziz* . Ayyukansa na wallafe-wallafen sun haɗa da *Sher al-Hind* (2 vols.) da *Iqbal Kamil*, binciken farko na Muhammad Iqbal . A cikin fassarar, ya samar da fassarar Urdu na matani da yawa, kamar *Tarikh Fiqh Islami*, ayyukan Ibn Khaldun, Ibn Yamin, da *Inqilab al-Umam* . 

## Majiyoyi
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## Dubi kuma

* Jerin Deobandis

## Manazarta
Syed Ehtisham Ahmed Nadvi

**Syed Ehtisham Ahmed Nadvi** (wanda aka fi sani da **S. E. A. Nadvi**) masanin ilimin Larabci ne da nazarin Islama, wanda ya kware a cikin sukar adabin Larabci. Shi ne wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta shugaban kasa ta 1992 don wallafe-wallafen,  kuma marubucin littattafai kan wallafe-walaren Larabci, Urdu da Farisa, gami da littattafan da aka koyar a Jami'o'in Indiya.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Syed Ehtisham Ahmed Nadvi an haife shi ne a ƙauyen Makhdoompur a Amethi, Uttar Pradesh, Indiya, a cikin sanannen dangin Musulmi na Indiya na dangin Syed-Qidwai. Sauran mambobin wannan dangin sun hada da Ali 

Nadvi ta kammala karatu daga Darul-uloom Nadwatul Ulama a Lucknow . Ya sami digiri na biyu a Larabci daga Jami'ar Musulmi ta Aligarh, sannan daga baya ya sami digirinsa na PhD daga wannan ma'aikatar.

Nadvi ita ce Shugaban Sashen Larabci a Jami'ar Calicut, Kerala, kuma ta yi ritaya a shekara ta 2000. A lokacin mulkinsa, ya kula da takardun PhD na wasu sanannun malamai kamar Bahauddeen Muhammed Jamaluddeen Nadwi . A festschrift a cikin girmamawarsa ya bayyana a shekara ta 2003.

## Manazarta
Saeed-ur-Rahman Azmi Nadvi

**Dokta Saeed-ur-Rahman Azmi Nadwi** (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Mayu 1934) masanin addinin Musulunci ne na Indiya wanda ke aiki a matsayin Shugaban Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama . Shi ne Editan *Al-Baas El-Islami* .

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Nadvi a ranar 14 ga Mayu 1934. Ya sami digiri na girmamawa na D Litt daga Jami'ar Harshe ta Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba 2019. 

Nadvi shine babban editan *Al-Baas El-Islami* .  Har ila yau, babban memba ne na All India Muslim Personal Law Board . 

A ranar 15 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2013, Cibiyar Nazarin Dalibai, New Delhi ta ba shi lambar yabo ta Rayuwa.

## Ayyukan wallafe-wallafen

* *Musulunci mai suna Maghrib*

## Manazarta

## Bayanan littattafai

*  
* Saeed Al Azmi Al Nadwi da gudummawarsa ga ci gaban harshen Larabci da adabi, PhD
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Karamanlides

**Karamanlides** (Girkanci: Καραμανλήδες, an fassara shi zuwa roman: Karamanlídes; Baturke: Karamanlılar), wanda kuma aka sani da Girkawa na Karamanli[1][2][3] ko kuma kawai Karamanlis, mutane ne masu magana da harshen Turkiyya da kuma Orthodox na Girka waɗanda suka fito daga yankin Karaman a Anatolia.[4][5]

Wasu malamai suna la'akari da Karamanlides a matsayin Helenawa masu magana da Turkiyya daga Karaman,    kodayake ainihin asalin kabilansu yana jayayya; suna iya zama zuriyar Helenawa na Byzantine waɗanda suka kasance Turkified, ko kuma sojojin Turkic na Kirista waɗanda suka zauna a yankin bayan nasarar Turkic, ko ma duka biyun. An tilasta wa Karamanlides barin Anatolia a lokacin musayar yawan jama'a ta 1923 tsakanin Girka da Turkiyya. A yau, yawancin jama'a suna zaune a Girka kuma sun shiga cikin al'ummar Girka.

## Harshe

An kori marubuta da masu magana da Karamanli Turkish daga Turkiyya a matsayin wani ɓangare na musayar yawan jama'a ta 1923 tsakanin Girka da Turkiyya. Wasu masu magana sun adana yarensu a cikin diaspora, amma yaren yanzu ya ƙare.

An kuma sami wani sashi na rubutun da aka rubuta a Karamanli a cikin Alkahira Geniza . 

## Asalin da tarihi

Asalin Karamanlides yana da jayayya; ko dai su ne zuriyar Helenawa na Byzantine waɗanda aka Turkified ta hanyar harshe ta hanyar sannu a hankali na daidaitawa da Ottomans, ko kuma na sojojin Turkic waɗanda suka zauna a yankin bayan nasarar Turkic kuma suka tuba zuwa Kiristanci. Masanan Girka suna da ra'ayi cewa Karamanlides sun fito ne daga zuriyar Girka kuma sun karɓi Turkiyya a matsayin yarensu, ko dai ta hanyar tilas ko kuma sakamakon warewarsu daga Kiristoci na Orthodox na Girka na yankunan bakin teku. Masanan Turkiyya suna ɗaukar su a matsayin zuriyar Turks waɗanda suka yi ƙaura zuwa yankunan Byzantine kafin cin nasara ko kuma sun yi aiki a matsayin mercenaries a cikin sojojin Byzantine kuma waɗanda suka karɓi addini amma ba harshen sabbin sarakunan su ba. Wasu malaman kasashen waje suna ɗaukar su a matsayin Girkanci. Wata ka'idar ta goyi bayan cewa Karamanlides na iya kasancewa cakuda na Helenawa na Anatolian da Kiristoci Turks. Babu isasshen shaida don tabbatar da yadda Karamanlides na farko suka gano kansu.

Kashi ko cikakken Turkification na Helenawa na Anatolian ya samo asali ne daga farkon 1100s, sakamakon zama tare da makwabta Turks. Tushen Gabas da Latin sun nuna cewa harsuna biyu na Girkanci da Turkiyya sun zama ruwan dare a Anatolia a ƙarni na 13 da 14, kuma a farkon ƙarni na 15 ya zama ruwan dare gama gari. Bugu da ƙari, wani asusun Latin da ba a san shi ba daga 1437 ya bayyana cewa bishops na Girka da manyan birane a Anatolia, "sun yi ado da salon Musulmi kuma suna magana da Turkic"; "ko da yake har yanzu ana karanta liturgy a Girkanci ana furta wa'azin a Turkic. "  Daniel Panzac ya bayyana cewa Helenawa na Karaman sun cika Turkified a lokacin mulkin Murad III (r. 1574-1595), kuma wasu daga cikinsu sun tuba zuwa Islama.  Karamanlides na iya zama zuriyar waɗancan Helenawa na Turkified.

## Dubi kuma

* Birnin Turkiyya

## Manazarta
Shihabuddin Nadvi

**Mohammed Shihabuddin Nadvi** (1931-2002) masanin falsafar addinin Indiya ne, mai gyara addini kuma marubuci. An haife shi a birnin Bangalore a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 1931 kuma ya rubuta littattafai sama da 100 akan Alkur'ani, Hadisi da kimiyya ta zamani. Ya kuma kafa Kwalejin Furqania a matsayin cibiyar bincike kan kimiyyar Alkur'ani a Bangalore a shekarar 1970. Wasu malamai suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin Mujaddid; mai farfado da addini. Ya mutu a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 2002.

## Manyan ayyukan
Littattafansa sun hada da:

* *Juyin Halitta ko Halitta?*
* *Alkur'ani Mai Tsarki da Ilimin Halitta*
* *Duniya Mai Tsarki ta Alkur'ani*
* *Cloning ya tabbatar da tashin matattu*
* *Dokokin Magana na Alkur'ani*
* *Ma'anar Alkur'ani game da Ilimi*
* *Mutuwar Rana da Ranar Ƙarshe*
* *Alkur'ani, Kimiyya da Musulmai*
* *Bayyanawa da Lissafin Astronomical*
* *Tashi da Faɗuwar Musulmai a Kimiyya*
* *Bukatar Kafa Zakat*

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Furqania Academy Trust
* Kwalejin Furqania Waqf
* Mohammed Shihabuddin Nadvi
* Mohammed Shihabuddin Nadvi
* Mohammed Shihabuddin Nadvi
Norm Foster (ɗan siyasa)

**Norman Kenneth Foster** OAM (12 Maris 1921 - 19 Nuwamba 2006) ya kasance memba na Labor na Majalisar Wakilai ta Australiya don kujerar Sturt daga 1969 zuwa 1972 sannan kuma Majalisar Dokokin Kudancin Australia daga 1975 zuwa 1982. Ya kuma yi Aiki a matsayin mai nuna alama tare da 2/10th Battalion a Arewacin Afirka, Papua da Borneo a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, kuma an ambaci shi a cikin aikawa saboda jaruntakarsa a aiki.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Norman a Adelaide kuma ya bar makaranta yana da shekara 13. Ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaci har sai da ya shiga cikin rundunar sojin Australiya ta biyu ta 2/10th Battalion a 1939 a lokacin barkewar yakin duniya na biyu . Ya yi aiki a Ingila, Tobruk, New Guinea da Borneo, inda aka ambaci shi a cikin aikawa don jaruntaka a aiki a matsayin mai nuna alama. Bayan yaƙin ya yi aiki a tashar jiragen ruwa a Port Adelaide kuma ya zama shugaban kungiyar ma'aikatan Waterside kuma shugaban kwamitin kasuwanci da ma'aikata a shekarar 1964.

## Ayyukan siyasa
Ya lashe kujerar tarayya ta Sturt daga mai mulki na Liberal Ian Wilson a Zaben 1969 tare da kashi 50 cikin 100 na farko da kashi 50.5 cikin 100 na kuri'un jam'iyyun biyu daga kashi 15 cikin 100 na jam'iyyu biyu. Nasarar Foster a cikin kujerar Liberal mai launin shudi na tarihi ya kasance wani ɓangare na kujerun 18 zuwa Labor wanda kusan ya kawo karshen rikodin rikodin hadin gwiwa a cikin gwamnati. Koyaya, Wilson ya lashe kujerar a Zaben 1972 daga kashi 2.7 cikin dari duk da cewa Labor ta lashe gwamnati. Foster ita ce 'yar majalisa ta karshe da ta wakilci Sturt har sai Claire Clutterham ta lashe kujerar a zaben da aka samu a shekarar 2025.
Akwatin Humboldt

**Akwatin Humboldt** (Jamus: ) wani tsari ne na gidan kayan gargajiya na gaba a kan Berlin)" id="mwJQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Schloßplatz (Berlin)">Schloßplatz a tsakiyar Berlin, Jamus. An gina shi azaman sararin nune-nunen wucin gadi da dandalin kallo don aikin ginin Humboldt Forum da kuma sanar da jama'a game da amfani da shi a nan gaba.

## Bayyanawa
Ginin bene mai hawa biyar a tsakiyar Berlin, [1] cikakke tare da terraces da gidan cin abinci na rufin da ke kallon Lustgarten, [2] [3] yana da mita 28 (92 kuma yana da yanki na mita 3,000 (32,000 sq.[4] An buɗe shi a ranar 29 ga Yuni 2011 kuma ya yi maraba da baƙinsa na 100,000 bayan kwanaki 50.[5] An cire tsarin kafin kammala taron Humboldt a watan Fabrairun 2019.[1] [6]

Akwatin Humboldt ya nuna nune-nunen da Abokan Fadar Berlin (Jamusanci: ) da kungiyoyin da aka tsara za a ajiye su a cikin Humboldt Forum na gaba, gami da Gidan Tarihi na Ethnological na Berlin, Gidan Tarihin Asiya, Gidauniyar Al'adun Prussian, sassan daban-daban na Jami'ar Humboldt da Babban Gidan Tarih na Berlin. Ɗaya daga cikin bene na ginin ya zama wurin zama na abubuwan da suka faru. Kamfanin gine-gine na KSV Krüger Schuberth Vandreike ne ya tsara akwatin Humboldt.

## Tarihi

An gina akwatin Humboldt a matsayin cibiyar bayanai game da tsare-tsaren fadar gaba, dandalin kallo don wurin gininsa, da kuma wurin baje kolin wucin gadi ga masu haya na gaba. Tunanin ya fito ne daga irin wannan tsari a Potsdamer Platz, "Akwatin Baƙi a kan Stilts", wanda ya tsaya a shafin yanar gizon babban aikin gini a can daga 1995 zuwa 2001. Da fatan sake maimaita nasarar "akwatin a kan stilts" mai haske, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin cibiyar bayanai kuma ya ja hankalin baƙi miliyan tara, Abokan Fadar Birnin Berlin da magoya bayansu sun ba da shawarar Humboldt Box don "yi nasara da zukatan" na Berliners zuwa shirin mai tsada da burin sake gina Stadtschloss (Fadar Birnin Berlín). Sarakunan Prussia da Sarakunan Jamus na Hohenzollern sun yi amfani da shi, fadar sarki ta sha wahala sosai a yakin duniya na biyu kuma gwamnatin Jamus ta Gabas ta rushe ta a shekarar 1950.

## Manazarta
Masanori Hata

GMasanori Hata (畑 正憲, Hata Masanori; 17 ga Afrilu 1935 - 5 ga Afrilu 2023) masanin ilimin dabbobi ne na Japan, marubuci, kuma mai shirya fina-finai. Wani sanannen marubuci a ƙarƙashin sunan alkalami **Mutsugorō**,  an ba shi Kyautar Kikuchi Kan don rubuce-rubucensa a shekarar 1977.  Wataƙila an fi saninsa a Yamma a matsayin darektan da marubucin fim din 1986 The Adventures of Milo and Otis .

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Hata a Fukuoka Prefecture a ranar 17 ga Afrilu 1935. [1] Ya kammala karatu daga Faculty of Biology a Jami'ar Tokyo a 1958, kuma ya ci gaba da kammala digiri na biyu a 1959. [1] An horar da shi a matsayin masanin ilimin dabbobi, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai shirya fina-finai wanda ke samar da fina-fukkuna na yanayi.[1] Ya koma gabar gabashin Hokkaido don kafa tsaron yanayi na Mutsugorō Animal Kingdom, inda shi da iyalinsa suka zauna tare da fiye da dabbobi 300 na daji da na gida.[1][2] Shi ne marubucin littattafai sama da 100, [1] gami da tarin rubutun Mutsugorō game da yanayi kamar Warera dōbutsu mina kyōdai (Dukanmu Dabbobi 'yan uwa ne, 1967) da Mutsogorō no hakubutsushi (Mutsugoro's Natural History, 1975).

Fiye da shekaru hudu, Hata da mataimakin darektan Kon Ichikawa sun harbe mita 400,000 na fim a Mutsugorō Animal Kingdom . Fim din da ya biyo baya, game da abubuwan da suka faru na orange tabby cat da fawn pug, Toho ya saki shi a 1986 a matsayin *Koneko Monogatari* (子猫物語, A Kitten's Story) kuma shine fim mafi girma na shekara a Japan, yana ɗaukar kusan dala miliyan 36. An nuna shi a wannan shekarar a bikin fina-finai na Cannes a matsayin The Adventures of Chatran . Don rarraba Amurka ta Columbia Pictures, an yanke shi daga minti 90 zuwa 76 kuma an kara labarin Dudley Moore a Turanci. An sake shi a cikin 1989 a matsayin The Adventures of Milo and Otis . 

## Manazarta
Norm Foster (hockey a kankara)

**Norman Richard "Norm" Foster** (an haife shi ranar 10 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1965) tsohon dan wasan kankara ne na Kanada wanda ya buga wasanni 13 a cikin National Hockey League (NHL) na Boston Bruins da Edmonton Oilers tsakanin 1990 da 1992.

Yayinda yake matashi, ya taka leda a Gasar Pee-Wee Hockey ta Duniya ta Quebec ta 1978 tare da ƙaramar ƙungiyar hockey ta kankara daga Kwarin Fraser.

He currently resides in Rochester, Michigan.&#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Kididdigar aiki

### Kasashen Duniya

## Lambobin yabo da girmamawa

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin Haɗi na Waje
Bill Butler (mai daukar hoto)

**Wilmer Cable Butler** (7 ga Afrilu, 1921 - 5 ga Afrilu), ɗan fim ne na Amurka wanda aka sani da aikinsa a kan The Conversation (1974), *Jaws* (1975), da kuma jerin *Rocky* guda uku. Butler ya kuma kammala One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975) bayan an kori Haskell Wexler daga samarwa, kuma daga baya aka zaba shi don Kyautar Kwalejin don Mafi Kyawun Cinematography.

## TRayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Wilmer Cable Butler  a ranar 7 ga Afrilu, 1921, a Cripple Creek, Colorado. Butler ya shafe shekaru biyar na farko na rayuwarsa yana zaune a cikin gidaje katako a kan wani gida a Colorado, inda iyayensa manoma ne. Ya koma tare da iyayensa zuwa Henry County lokacin da yake dan shekara 5 kuma ya girma a Mount Pleasant, Iowa, wani karamin kwaleji.   Ya kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Mount Pleasant a shekara ta 1940.

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, Butler ya yi aiki a Rundunar Signal ta Sojojin Amurka, yana aiki a matsayin mai kiran sigina saboda iliminsa na lantarki mai yawan gaske . [1] [2] Duk da haka, an sallame shi lokacin da aka gano wata cuta da ba a yi masa magani ba. [1] Daga nan Butler ya kammala karatunsa da digiri a fannin injiniya daga Jami'ar Iowa .

## Farkon aikina
Butler ya fara aikinsa a matsayin injiniya a wani gidan rediyo da ke Gary, Indiana . Daga baya ya koma Chicago, inda ya taimaka wajen tsara da gina tashoshin talabijin na farko a kamfanin ABC sannan daga baya a WGN-TV . Lokacin da WGN ta fara watsa shirye-shirye, Butler ya yi amfani da kyamarar bidiyo kai tsaye don tallace-tallace da kuma shirye-shiryen da aka samar a cikin gida.   A lokacin da yake tare da WGN, Butler ya haɗu da William Friedkin . 

Friedkin ya nemi Butler ya zama mai daukar hotunan sinimarsa a shirin *The People vs. Paul Crump*, wani shirin gaskiya da ya mayar da hankali kan wani fursuna da aka shirya za a kashe a Illinois. Wani shirin gaskiya ne da ya haifar da gwamnan Illinois ya rage hukuncin kisa ga fursunan.  "Na yi nasara sosai a talabijin, don haka ba ni da dalilin shiga fim," in ji Butler. "Amma na san Bill Friedkin yana da sha'awar yin fim na gaskiya, kuma yana bukatar mai daukar hotunan sinima. Ya nemi in taimaka masa. Kuma na yi." Sakamakon haka, sha'awar Butler ta koma daga talabijin kai tsaye zuwa fina-finan gaskiya.   A cikin wata hira da aka yi da shi a shekarar 2005, Butler ya yaba wa Friedkin da ya ba shi aikinsa na farko a masana'antar fina-finai.
Bill Butler (tsaro)

**William R. Butler** (10 ga Yuli, 1937 - 28 ga Nuwamba, 2025) ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙwallon ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙasa (NFL) na Green Bay Packers, Dallas Cowboys, Pittsburgh Steelers da Minnesota Vikings . Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Chattanooga Mocs . Ya kuma taka leda a kungiyar Saskatchewan Roughriders a gasar kwallon kafa ta Kanada (CFL).

## Tarihi
Butler ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Berlin. Ya karɓi tallafin ƙwallon ƙafa daga Jami'ar Tennessee a Chattanooga .

A shekara ta 1988, an shigar da shi cikin Hall of Fame na UTC Athletics .  Ya mutu a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba, 2025, yana da shekaru 88.

## Sana'ar ƙwararru

### Masu fakin Green Bay
Green Bay Packers ne suka zaɓi Butler a zagaye na 19 (na 217 gaba ɗaya) na zaɓen NFL na 1959. Duk da cewa an yi watsi da shi da farko a sansanin horo, an sake sanya masa hannu bayan da ƙungiyar ta cire sabon ɗan wasa Tim Brown .

Ya jagoranci ƙungiyar a farkon wasan (dawowar 21 - matsakaicin yadi 22.5) da kuma dawowar punt (dawowar 18 - matsakaicin 9.1).  Ya dawo da bugun punt don touchdown na yadi 61 a wasan da suka sha kashi 28-17 a hannun Chicago Bears .

### Dallas Cowboys
Dallas Cowboys ne ya zaɓi Butler a cikin daftarin faɗaɗa NFL na 1960 kuma an mayar da shi cikin tsaron gida, wanda ya zama farkon wanda ya fara kare haƙƙin 'yan wasa kyauta a tarihin ikon mallakar 'yan wasa.  Ya kasance na biyu a gasar a cikin ribar punt (matsakaicin yadi 10.1) kuma ya sami ribar kickoff 20 tare da matsakaicin yadi 19.1. 

## Manazarta
Ahmad Naruyi

Ahmad Naruyi (1963 - 18 Maris 2014) [1] fitaccen malamin tauhidin Sunni ne na Iran, mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam, dan jarida, kuma mataimakin shugaban makarantar hauza ta Zahedan. [hujja ta tushe] [abubuwan da ake bukata]

Ya kasance fitaccen masanin tauhidin Sunni kuma gwani a kan shari'ar Musulunci. Ahmad Naruyi kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam ne a Lardin Sistan da Baluchistan . 

## Manazarta
Bill Butler (ɗan siyasa)

**Bill Butler** (an haife shi a ranar 30 ga watan Maris 1956 a Glasgow) shi ne mai ba da shawara na hadin gwiwar ma'aikata na Scotland . Ya kasance memba na majalisar dokokin Scotland (MSP) na Glasgow Anniesland daga zaben da aka yi a shekara ta 2000 (bayan mutuwar wanda ke Aiki, Minista na farko Donald Dewar) har sai ya rasa kujerarsa a Zaben 2011.

Butler kuma memba ne mai himma na CND kuma ya jefa kuri'a a kan jam'iyyar a cikin batutuwan da suka shafi makaman nukiliya.

## Rayuwa ta farko da aiki
An haife shi a Glasgow, Butler ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Stirling da Kwalejin Ilimi ta Notre Dame a Bearsden . Ya koyar a makarantu da yawa a Renfrewshire da Rutherglen, gami da Stonelaw High School, daga 1980 zuwa 2000.

## Canjin dokar lalacewa
A watan Yunin 2010, Butler ya kaddamar da Dokar memba a majalisar dokokin Scotland don sake fasalin dokar kan lalacewa don mutuwa mara kyau,  wanda ya yi nasara, majalisar ta zartar da shi a ranar 3 ga Maris 2011 tare da goyon baya ɗaya.  Dokar ta dogara ne akan shawarwari daga Hukumar Shari'a ta Scotland da aka nufa don kawo matakan biyan diyya ga wadanda ke fama da shari'o'in mutuwar da ba daidai ba (misali hatsarori da cututtuka) da ƙaunatattun su. Sauye-sauyen kuma zai haifar da ƙananan shari'o'in da ke buƙatar zuwa kotu, wanda a wasu lokuta zai kawar da buƙatar cikakkun bayanai game da rayuwar wadanda abin ya shafa don zama batun rikice-rikicen kotu kuma a duk lokuta zai nufin cewa za a biya diyya da sauri.
Haus der Kulturen der Welt

**Haus der Kulturen der Welt** (**HKW** ), a cikin Ingilishi House of World Cultures, a Berlin ita ce Cibiyar ƙasa ta Jamus don gabatar da tattaunawa game da zane-zane na zamani na duniya, tare da mai da hankali kan al'adu da al'ummomin da ba na Turai ba. Yana gabatar da nune-nunen fasaha, wasan kwaikwayo da rawa, kide-kide, karatu marubuta, fina-finai da tarurruka na ilimi kan fasaha da al'adu. Yana daya daga cikin cibiyoyin da, saboda matsayinsu na kasa da kasa da ingancin aikinsu, ke karɓar kuɗi daga gwamnatin tarayya a matsayin abin da ake kira "hasken wuta na al'adu", daga Ministan Al'adu da Kafofin watsa labarai na Tarayya da kuma Ofishin Harkokin Waje na Tarayya. A matsayin wurin zama da abokin haɗin gwiwa, HKW ta dauki bakuncin bukukuwa kamar su Transmediale, dandamali na curatorial, biennials kamar Berlin Documentary Forum, da shirye-shiryen jagoranci kamar Forecast. Tun daga shekara ta 2013, bayanin da ya yi game da jawabin Anthropocene ya haɗa da tarurruka, nune-nunen, da sauran tsarin fasaha da aka yi tare da masana falsafa, masana kimiyya, da masu magana, kamar Bruno Latour da Hans Joachim Schellnhuber.

## Wurin da tarihi
*Haus der Kulturen der Welt* yana cikin wurin shakatawa na Tiergarten, kuma yana makwabtaka da Carillon da sabon Ofishin Jakadancin Jamus. 

Cibiyar Institut für Sexualwissenschaft ta Magnus Hirschfeld ta mamaye filin kafin Yaƙin Duniya na II. Don tunawa da cibiyar wani mashaya a cikin Hause der Kulturen der Welt ana kiransa *Magnus Hirschfeld Bar* kuma an sanya sunan lambun bayan Lili Elbe. 

An riga an san shi da zauren taron Congressshalle, kyauta daga Amurka, wanda masanin gine-ginen Amurka Hugh Stubbins ya tsara a 1957 a matsayin wani ɓangare na Interbau, Nunin Gine-gine na Duniya. Shugaban Amurka John F. Kennedy ya yi magana a nan a taron kungiyar kwadago a lokacin ziyarar da ya kai a Yunin 1963 zuwa Berlin ta Yamma. [undefined] [2] A ranar 21 ga Mayu 1980, rufin ya rushe, ya kashe wani ɗan jarida na gidan rediyo na Sender Freies Berlin kuma ya ji wa mutane da yawa rauni. [1] An sake gina zauren a cikin asalinsa kuma an sake buɗe shi a cikin 1987 a lokacin bikin cika shekaru 750 da kafuwar Berlin.

## Manazarta
Bill Butler (mai tsalle-tsalle)

**Bill Butler**, wanda aka fi sani da **Mista Charisma**, ɗan wasan motsa jiki ne kuma mai tsara wasan kwaikwayo wanda aka ba shi lambar yabo tare da kirkirar wasan kwaikwayo.

Gidan Tarihi na Roller Skating na Kasa ya kira Butler a matsayin "mai tasiri na asali" a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na jam, yana mai cewa "motsi da salon Butler sun yi wahayi zuwa ga yawancin shahararrun motsi da salon yau".

The New York Times da The City Reliquary sun kira Butler a matsayin "Mahaifin Roller Disco".  

## Rayuwa
Butler ya fito ne daga Detroit, Michigan kuma ya yi tsere a Arcadia Rink . 

Yayinda yake tsaye a Alaska, Butler ya kirkiro fasahar tsalle-tsalle ta jammin'.

A shekara ta 1957, lokacin da aka ajiye shi a Brooklyn a matsayin matashi, Butler ya ziyarci Empire Roller Rink, wanda Hector da Henry Abrami suka mallaka. Bayan isowarsa, Butler ya lura cewa duk masu tsere baƙi ne, amma kiɗan bai nuna abubuwan da suka fi so ba. A cikin nasa kalmomi:Lokacin da na isa can duk kiɗa ne na organ. Babu wani abu da ya shafi baƙar fata da kuma yadda muka yi rawa. Don haka na kawo waƙoƙina tare da ni, kuma na tambayi Mista [Henry] Abrami idan zai buga lambar da nake da ita, Night Train by Count Basie.Masu tsalle-tsalle sun amsa da kyau ga kiɗa mai tsalle-tallace, kuma bayan wannan, rink ya fara kunna jazz da R & B records; tare da "Butler...a gaba na wannan sabon zamani don tsalle-shalle". A halin yanzu, Butler ya kuma gabatar da 'yan wasan Empire don jam skating.  Skater Gloria McCarthy, wanda mahaifinsa ya mallaki rink, ya fara dare na "Bounce" don nuna sabon salon Butler.
Masanori Tanimoto

Masanori Tanimoto (Japanese: 谷本 正憲, Hepburn: Tanimoto Masanori; an haife shi 16 ga Afrilu 1945) ɗan siyasan Japan ne wanda ya kasance gwamna Ishikawa Prefecture tsakanin 1994 da 2022, yana aiki sau bakwai a duka.

## Rayuwa ta farko da aikin siyasa
An haifi Tanimoto a ranar 16 ga Afrilu, 1945. Ya kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Shari'a ta Jami'ar Kyoto a watan Maris na shekara ta 1968 kuma ya shiga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida (yanzu wani bangare na Ma'aikatu da Sadarwa) a watan Afrilu. Daga baya ya zama darektan Sashen Harkokin Jama'a na Shimane, Sashen Kudi a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 1975. Ya zama mataimakin magajin gari na Miyazaki City a ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 1982. Ya zama darektan Ofishin Muhalli na Ibaraki Prefecture a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 1986, kuma shugaban sashen Babban Harkokin Ibaraki a ranar 1 de Afrilu, 1988. Ya zama mataimakin gwamnan Ishikawa Prefecture a ranar 28 ga Disamba, 1991, a karkashin Yōichi Nakanishi .

## Gwamnan Ishikawa Prefecture (1994-2022)
An zaɓe shi a matsayin gwamnan Ishikawa a ranar 27 ga Maris, 1994 bayan mutuwar Nakanishi.   An sake zaɓe shi a karo na bakwai kuma na ƙarshe, wanda shine mafi rinjaye fiye da kowane gwamna da ke kan mulki a Japan a shekarar 2018, bayan ya kayar da Ogura Emi.  

A ranar 17 ga Nuwamba, 2021, ya sanar da cewa ba zai tsaya takara a karo na takwas a zaben gwamna na Ishikawa na 2022 ba. Ya yi aiki a matsayin gwamnan lardin Ishikawa na tsawon shekaru 28,   shi ne na uku mafi dadewa a aiki ga gwamna  kuma tare da Nakanishi, su ne kadai gwamnonin Ishikawa na tsawon shekaru 59.
Masanori Sanada

Masanori Sanada (真田 雅則, Sanada Masanori; 6 ga Maris, 1968 - 6 ga Satumba, 2011) ya kasance ɗan wasan kwallon kafa na Japan.

## Ayyukan kulob din
An haifi Sanada a Shizuoka a ranar 6 ga Maris, 1968. Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Juntendo, ya shiga All Nippon Airways a shekarar 1990. Ya taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida na yau da kullun daga kakar wasa ta farko. A shekara ta 1992, ya koma sabon kulob din Shimizu S-Pulse wanda ke zaune a cikin gida. Kodayake ya taka leda a dukkan wasannin a shekarar 1992, ya yi yaƙi da Sidmar don matsayi daga 1993. Bayan Sidmar ya yi ritaya a ƙarshen kakar 1995, Sanada ya zama mai tsaron gida na yau da kullun. Kungiyar ta lashe kofin J.League na 1996 a karon farko. A shekara ta 1999, kulob din ya lashe matsayi na 2 na J1 League kuma an zabe shi a matsayin Mafi Kyawun XI. A Asiya, kulob din ya lashe gasar cin kofin Asiya ta 1999-2000 a gasar zakarun Asiya ta farko. Daga shekara ta 2001, damar da ya samu na yin wasa ya ragu a bayan matasa masu tsaron gida Keisuke Hada da Takaya Kurokawa . Ya yi ritaya a ƙarshen kakar 2004.

## Ayyukan ƙungiyar ƙasa
A shekarar 1988, lokacin da Sanada yake ɗalibi a Jami'ar Juntendo, an zaɓe shi a matsayin "ƙungiyar B" ta ƙasar Japan don gasar cin kofin Asiya ta 1988. A wannan gasar, ya buga wasanni 3. [1] Duk da haka, Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Japan ba ta ƙidaya a matsayin ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Japan ba saboda wannan ƙungiyar ta Japan "ƙungiyar B" ce ba "ƙungiyar farko" ba.

## Aikin koyarwa
Bayan ya yi ritaya, Sanada ya zama kocin mai tsaron gida a Shimizu S-Pulse a shekarar 2005. A shekarar 2008, ya koma JEF United Chiba . A shekarar 2011, ya koma S-Pulse. Duk da haka, ya huta saboda matsalar lafiya daga ranar 2 ga Satumba. 

A ranar 6 ga Satumba, 2011, Sanada ta mutu sakamakon bugun zuciya a Shizuoka tana da shekaru 43.
Hošek na zamani

**Hošek Contemporary** wani tashar da ke kan jirgin ruwa a tsakiyar Berlin. Gidan yana mai da hankali ne kan yin zane-zane, kiɗa na gwaji, shigarwa da rawa. An kafa shi a cikin 2016.

## Tarihi
Petr Hošek ne ya kafa Hošek Contemporary a cikin 2016. [1] Ya buɗe ƙofofinsa a karo na farko a Rosa-Luxemburg Strasse 26, Berlin, a matsayin fararen fararen cube na gargajiya. Nunin farko da za a gudanar a tashar shi ne Tang Dynastie ta ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Jamus Herbert Eugen Wiegand .[2] A cikin 2017 tashar ta koma Oranienburgerstrasse 22 kafin ta koma wurin da take yanzu a kan jirgin ruwa na MS Heimatland shekara guda bayan haka. Shigar da sauti alama ce ta sararin samaniya kuma ana shirya abubuwan da suka faru kowane mako.

Gidan ya koma gidansa na yanzu a cikin jirgin ruwa na MS Heimatland a cikin 2018. An gina Heimatland a Jamus a 1910 kuma an fara kiranta da sunan IDA. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu ya yi aiki a matsayin mai jigilar makamai kuma sojojin Burtaniya sun kama shi zuwa ƙarshen yaƙin. Masu mallakarta sun sake sunan jirgin Heimatland (Home Land) bayan dawowarsa ta Burtaniya. Har zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1990 an yi amfani da Heimatland a matsayin mai jigilar kasuwanci. A halin yanzu yana cikin Fischerinsel a tsakiyar Berlin.

A ranar 17 ga Satumba, 2024, yayin da yake karbar bakuncin wani taron, rufin ya fadi kuma mutane da yawa sun ji rauni.

## Kyautar Hošek ta zamani da zama
Gidan ya shirya "Hošek Contemporary Prize" tun daga shekarar 2021. Ana ba da kyautar ga ayyukan uku a kowace shekara, tare da kowane mai nasara yana karɓar kuɗin kyauta da kuma damar amfani da sararin baje kolin a kan Heimatland. Wadanda suka lashe kyautar sun hada da ɗan wasan Isra'ila Tomer Zirkilevich da Irène Hug.

Baya ga kyautar shekara-shekara, gallery kuma yana da mazaunin masu zane-zane ciki har da amfani da sararin wasan kwaikwayon a kan Heimatland. Masu zane-zane daga wajen Berlin suma suna da damar zama a kan jirgin ruwa. Ɗaya daga cikin masu zane-zane na farko da suka shiga cikin zama shine mai zane-zane ɗan Serbia Ivana Ivkovic.

## Manazarta
Bob Lee (mai tsaron gida)

**Robert Melville Lee** (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1946) tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na Amurka wanda ya kasance mai tsaron gida da kuma mai nunawa a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Kasa (NFL). Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Arizona State Sun Devils, CCSF Rams da Pacific Tigers . An zaba shi na 441 a cikin shirin NFL / AFL na 1968 ta Minnesota Vikings na Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Kasa (NFL). Ya kuma buga wa Atlanta Falcons da Los Angeles Rams wasa.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Lee a Columbus, Ohio . Ya halarci kuma ya buga wasan kwallon kafa na makarantar sakandare ta Lowell High School a San Francisco.

## Ayyukan kwaleji
Lee da farko ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Arizona State Sun Devils a 1963 da 1964 - haruffa a 1964. Daga nan ya halarci Kwalejin Birnin San Francisco a kakar 1965 kafin ya gama aikinsa tare da Pacific Tigers - haruffa a duka 1966 da 1967.

## Ayyukan sana'a

### Minnesota Vikings (na farko)
Lee started a 1971 NFC Divisional Playoff on Christmas against the Dallas Cowboys over Gary Cuozzo and Norm Snead. Lee was seven of seventeen for 86 yards—49 of those on a second quarter completion to Bob Grim—with no touchdowns and two interceptions. With the Vikings trailing 3–20 late in the third quarter, coach Bud Grant replaced Lee with Cuozzo, who led Minnesota to its lone touchdown on a 6-yard pass to Stu Voigt. Despite the late score, the team still lost 12–20.&#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Manazarta
Hamburger Bahnhof

**Hamburger Bahnhof** **- Nationalgalerie der Gegenwart** shine tsohon tashar jirgin kasa ta Berlin-Hamburg a Berlin, Jamus, a kan Invalidenstrasse a cikin gundumar Moabit a gaban asibitin Charité. A yau yana aiki a matsayin gidan kayan gargajiya na zamani, , wani ɓangare na Berlin National Gallery.

## Amfani na asali a matsayin tashar jirgin kasa

An gina tashar ne bisa ga tsare-tsaren Friedrich Neuhaus a cikin 1846/47 a matsayin farawa na Berlin-Hamburg Railway. Ita ce kawai ginin tashar da ya tsira a Berlin daga Ƙarshen zamanin Neoclassical kuma ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin gine-ginen tashar a Jamus.

Ba a yi amfani da ginin a matsayin tashar ba tun 1884, lokacin da jiragen kasa masu nisa daga arewa daga Berlin suka fara tashi daga Lehrter Bahnhof (yanzu Berlin Hauptbahnhof), kawai 400 m zuwa kudu maso yamma. An cire asalin jirgin kasa a cikin shekarun 1880, lokacin da ginin ya zama ofis da ɗakin.

## Amfani da shi azaman gidan kayan gargajiya na jirgin kasa
A ranar 14 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1906, tsohuwar tashar ta zama gida ga sabon gidan kayan gargajiya na Royal Museum of Building and Transport (Jamusanci: Königliches Bau- und Verkehrsmuseum), wanda ke karkashin kulawar Prussian State Railways, wanda aka sanya shi cikin sabon tashar jirgin kasa ta Jamus Deutsche Reichsbahn a shekarar 1920. An gina "gidan jirgin kasa" na yanzu a shafin yanar gizon tsohuwar don dalilai na nune-nunen, amma kuma don kwatanta dabarun gini. An watsar da kalmar 'royal' tare da ƙarshen mulkin mallaka na Prussian a cikin 1918. Gidan kayan gargajiya ya jawo hankalin jama'a kuma an faɗaɗa shi sau biyu tare da ƙarin fuka-fuki a hagu da dama na babban ginin a cikin 1909-11 da 1914-16. An rufe gidan kayan gargajiya ta hanyar fashewar bam a 1944, duk da haka, yawancin tarin sun tsira.

Bayan yakin, kodayake yana cikin abin da ya zama sashin Burtaniya na Berlin, gidan kayan gargajiya ya kasance a ƙarƙashin kulawar Reichsbahn na Gabashin Jamus, wanda - ta hanyar yarjejeniyar dukkan Allies - ke gudanar da layin dogo a duk Berlin ban da Gabashin Jamus. Gudanar da Gabashin Jamus ta Reichsbahn ba shi da sha'awar sake buɗe gidan kayan gargajiya da ke yanzu a Yammacin Berlin, amma kawai a cikin nune-nunen, wanda Yammacin Yamma ba su yarda a kawo shi Gabas ba. A shekara ta 1984 Reichsbahn ta canja duka ginin da tarin zuwa hannun Yamma. Tarin ya haɗa da misalai na ci gaban masana'antu da fasaha na lokacinsa - yawancin locomotives da kayan aiki - kuma ta haka ne ya kasance mai gabatarwa na Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha, wanda yanzu ke nuna yawancin nune-nunen da aka nuna a Hamburger Bahnhof. A shekara ta 1987, an yi amfani da dakunan dakuna marasa amfani don nune-nunen wucin gadi.

## Sake haihuwa a matsayin gidan kayan gargajiya na fasaha

## Manazarta
Bob Lee Swagger

**Bob Lee "nailer" Swagger** wani hali ne na almara wanda Stephen Hunter ya kirkira. Shi ne mai gabatarwa na jerin litattafai 12 (kamar yadda ya faru a 2022) wanda ke ba da labarin rayuwarsa a lokacin da kuma bayan Yaƙin Vietnam, farawa da Point of Impact (1993) har zuwa kwanan nan da *An yi niyya* (2022). Swagger shine mai gabatarwa na fim din 2007 da jerin shirye-shiryen TV na 2016 Shooter, kowannensu ya dogara da Point of Impact . Hunter ya ce Swagger ya dogara ne akan Carlos Hathcock, mai Sniper na Marine Corps na Amurka.

## Tarihin hali na almara
Bob Lee Swagger wani sajan sojan Ruwa ne mai ritaya wanda aka haife shi a 1946 Ruwa ya girma a Blue Eye (wani labari na Mena, Arkansas) a Polk County, Arkansas . Shi ne ɗan Sojojin Jihar Arkansas Earl Swagger, sajan farko na Marine da ya yi ritaya kuma mai karɓar lambar yabo ta girmamawa, da Yuni Swagger. Mahaifin Bob Lee ya mutu a shekara ta 1955, amma ba kafin ya ba da godiya ga bindigogi ga ɗansa ba, wanda ke amfani da kyautar Swagger ta halitta don bindigogi.

Swagger ya shiga Marines, ya kirkiro aiki mai nasara a matsayin mai harbi. Ya yi yawon shakatawa uku a Vietnam, yana aiki tare da Ayyuka na Musamman, kuma ya sami laƙabi "Bob the Nailer" saboda iyawarsa mai ban mamaki tare da bindiga. Duk da yabo na hukuma don kashe mutane 87 a yaƙi, ya kashe mutane 391. Mafi shahararren aikinsa ya faru ne lokacin da wani rukuni na Sojojin Arewacin Vietnam ke rufewa a kan wani sansanin Sojoji na Musamman da aka kare. Swagger da mai kula da shi, Lance Corporal Donny Fenn, sun jinkirta rukunin na kwana biyu har sai goyon bayan iska ya isa, ya kashe fiye da sojojin abokan gaba 80 kafin harsashinsa ya ƙare.

A Vietnam, T. Solaratov, mai harbi na Soviet wanda ya kashe Fenn ba da daɗewa ba tare da harbi a kirji ba, ya harbe Swagger a cikin cinya daga mita 1,400.

Swagger ya yi ritaya daga Marine Corps a 1975, yana fama da nakasa ta dindindin saboda raunin cinya. Ya zama mashayi don ya yi baƙin ciki, wanda ya haifar da rushewar aurensa na biyu da Susan, kuma ya koma rayuwa mai zaman kanta a ƙasar iyali kusa da Blue Eye.
Masanori Hirasawa

Masanori Hirasawa (平沢 正規, Hirasawa Masanori) masanin taurari ne na Japan kuma mai gano Asteroids. Tsakanin 1991 da 1998, ya gano Ƙananan taurari 52 tare da hadin gwiwar abokin kallo Shohei Suzuki a Dutsen Nyukasa Station . [1] Dukkanin masu binciken taurari sun kammala karatu a Jami'ar Waseda, bayan haka suka ba da sunan asteroid 9350 Waseda a shekarar 1991.[2] Hirasawa kuma malami ne.

## Jerin ƙananan taurari da aka gano
}
|-
|6499 Michiko
|27 ga Oktoba 1992
|list
|-
|6918 Manaslu
|20 Maris 1993
|list
|-
|7028 Tachikawa
|5 ga Disamba 1993
|list
|-
|7067 Kiyose
|4 ga Disamba 1993
|list
|-
|7353 Kazuya
|6 ga Janairu 1995
|list
|-
|7891 Fuchie
|11 ga Nuwamba 1994
|list
|-
|7892 Musamurahigashi
|27 Nuwamba 1994
|list
|-
|8100 Nobeyama
|4 ga Disamba 1993
|list
|-
|8200 Tallafawa
|7 ga Janairu 1994
|list
|-
|8530 Korbokkur
|25 ga Oktoba 1992
|list
|-
|8551 Daitarabochi
|11 ga Nuwamba 1994
|list
|-
|8702 Nakanishi
|14 ga Nuwamba 1993
|list
|-
|9197 Ƙarshen
|24 ga Nuwamba 1992
|list
|-
|9350 Waseda
|13 ga Oktoba 1991
|list
|-
|9386 Hitomi
|5 ga Disamba 1993
|list
|-
|10171 Takaotengu
|7 Maris 1995
|list
|-
|10617 Takumi
|25 ga Oktoba 1997
|list
|-
|10837 Yuyakekoyake
|6 Maris 1994
|list
|-
|13162 Ryokkochigaku
|22 ga Oktoba 1995
|list
|}
}
|-
| 14037 Takakikasahara
| 5 Maris 1995
| list
|-
| 14425 Fujimimachi
| 13 Oktoba 1991
| list
|-
| (14495) 1995 AK1
| 6 ga Janairu 1995
| list
|-
| (14999) 1997 VX8
| 9 ga Nuwamba 1997
| list
|-
| (15336) 1993 UC3
| 22 Oktoba 1993
| list
|-
| (15352) 1994 VB7
| 11 Nuwamba 1994
| list
|-
| (15797) 1993 UD3
| 22 Oktoba 1993
| list
|-
| (15798) 1993 VZ4
| 14 Nuwamba 1993
| list
|-
| (15833) 1995 CL1
| 3 ga Fabrairu 1995
| list
|-
| (15919) 1997 UA22
| 25 Oktoba 1997
| list
|-
| (16704) 1995 ED8
| 7 Maris 1995
| list
|-
| (18457) 1995 EX7
| 5 Maris 1995
| list
|-
| (19246) 1994 EL7
| 14 Maris 1994
| list
|-
| 19254 Shojitomoko
| 11 Nuwamba 1994
| list
|-
| (20114) 1995 UQ44
| 26 Oktoba 1995
| list
|-
| 22385 Fujimoriboshi
| 14 Maris 1994
| list
|-
| (23591) 1995 UP44
| 26 Oktoba 1995
| list
|-
| (26982) 1997 UY21
| 25 Oktoba 1997
| list
|-
| (27826) 1993 WQ
| 22 Nuwamba 1993
| list
|}
Bob Leeper

**Robert Joseph Leeper** (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta 1958) ɗan siyasan Amurka ne mai zaman kansa kuma chiropractor. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Dattijai ta Kentucky daga 1991 zuwa 2015 ya yi ritaya don yin takarar Babban Alkalin McCracken County .  A shekara ta 2014, an zabe shi Alkalin zartarwa na McCracken County, amma ya zaɓi kada ya sake neman zaben a shekarar 2018.

## Ilimi
Leeper ya halarci Kwalejin Al'umma ta Paducah da Kwalejin Chiropractic ta Sherman . 

## Ayyukan siyasa
Kafin ya yi aiki a Majalisar Dattijai ta Kentucky, Leeper ya kasance kwamishinan birni a Paducah . 

### Majalisar Dattawan Kentucky
Asalinsa ɗan jam'iyyar Democrat ne, Leeper ya shiga Jam'iyyar Republican a shekarar 1999, kuma ya zama ɗan siyasa mai zaman kansa daga baya a shekarar 2005. An bayyana Leeper a matsayin "mai zaman kansa mai ra'ayin mazan jiya", kuma an san shi a majalisar dokoki saboda adawarsa da faɗaɗa caca. [1] A shekarar 2012, ya tsaya takarar shugaban majalisar dattawan Kentucky ba tare da nasara ba. [2] Ya yanke shawarar kin sake tsayawa takara a shekarar 2014 kuma ya tsaya takarar Alkali-Jakadan Gundumar McCracken.

## Manazarta
Bob Lee (mai kasuwanci)

**Bob Lee** (20 ga Disamba, 1979 - 4 ga Afrilu, 2023) ɗan kasuwa ne na Amurka kuma injiniyan software wanda aka fi sani da taimakawa wajen ƙirƙirar sabis na kuɗi Cash App . Ya kasance babban jami'in fasaha na Square kuma babban jami'an samfurin MobileCoin.

A ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 2023, an kashe Lee da wuka a unguwar Rincon Hill ta San Francisco.[1] Ma'aikatar 'yan sanda ta San Francisco ta kama Nima Momeni saboda kisan Lee a ranar 13 ga Afrilu, 2023, kuma an sami Momeni da laifin kisan kai na biyu a ranar 17 ga Disamba, 2024. [2] Momeni tana fuskantar shekaru 15 zuwa rai a kurkuku saboda kisan Lee.

## Rayuwa ta farko da aiki
An haifi Lee a St. Louis, Missouri, a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 1979.  Tim Oliver Lee ɗan'uwansa ne. Yayinda yake halartar Makarantar Sakandare ta Lindbergh,  Lee ya rubuta injin fassarar 3D a Turbo Pascal,  kuma ya zama sananne da "Crazy Bob" saboda ƙarfinsa na wasa da polo na ruwa. Lee ya halarci Jami'ar Jihar Missouri ta Kudu maso Gabas kuma ya yi alkawarin ƙungiyar Sigma Chi.

A ranar 7 ga watan Agusta, 2001, Lee ya fitar da shirin kyauta don kare sabobin Microsoft IIS daga Code Red, wanda a lokacin ya kasance tsutsotsi ne mai saurin yaduwa. Lee ya yi aiki a Jami'ar Jihar Southeast Missouri a matsayin mai haɓaka yanar gizo. A shekara ta 2003, Lee ya yi aiki a matsayin masanin gine-gine na fasaha a AT&amp;amp;T . Yayinda yake a AT&T, Lee ya haɓaka tsarin shirye-shiryen da aka tsara (AOP) dinop mai kama da Tsarin Spring don Java, wanda aka nuna a cikin Oracle Magazine.

## Manazarta