John W. Henry

**John William Henry II** (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga Satumba, 1949)  ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan Amurka kuma wanda ya kafa John W. Henry & Company, wani kamfanin kula da saka hannun jari. Shi ne babban mai mallakar Liverpool Football Club, Boston Red Sox, Pittsburgh Penguins, *The Boston Globe*, kuma abokin haɗin gwiwa ne na RFK Racing . Ya zuwa watan Oktoba na 2024, *Forbes* ta kiyasta cewa dukiyarsa ta kai dala biliyan 5.7. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Henry ga John William Henry Sr. da Lois Henry ( wanda aka haifa Osborne) a ranar 13 ga Satumba, 1949, a Quincy, Illinois .  Iyayensa manoman waken soya ne, kuma ya raba lokacinsa yana girma tsakanin Illinois da Arkansas .

A lokacin da yake da shekaru 15, rashin lafiyarsa ta asma ta sa iyalinsa suka ƙaura zuwa Apple Valley, California,  inda Henry ya yi karatu kuma ya kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Victor Valley da ke Victorville, California . 

Daga nan Henry ya halarci amma bai kammala karatunsa daga kwalejoji da jami'o'i guda huɗu daban-daban ba, Kwalejin Victor Valley,  sannan ya halarci Jami'ar California, Riverside, Jami'ar California, Irvine, da UCLA, inda ya yi karatun falsafa .

Ya danganta rashin kammala karatunsa da lokacin da ya yi yana wasa da yawon shakatawa tare da ƙungiyoyi biyu, Elysian Fields da Hillary.  

## Sana'a
Henry ya fara cinikin masara da waken soya don koyon muhimman abubuwan da za su hana haɗarin farashi na riƙe waɗannan kayayyaki, ko a cikin ajiya ko a waje da gona. A shekarar 1976, wani dillalin kayayyaki a Reynolds Securities ya nemi ya ba da shawara ga sauran manoma, amma ya ƙi. Bayan ya shafe lokacin bazara a Norway tare da matarsa ta farko, Mai, Henry ya haɓaka wata hanyar sarrafa asusun ciniki na gaba . Ya gwada hanyarsa ta juyawar farashi - wacce ba ta taɓa fita daga kasuwa ba amma koyaushe tana riƙe da matsayi (ko dai dogo ko gajere) a cikin kowace kasuwa a cikin "kwandon" kayayyaki na asusun - "ta amfani da kuɗinsa," a cewar kayan tallan sa na 1983.

Lokacin da wannan gwajin ya yi nasara, ya kafa John W. Henry & Company a shekarar 1981,  ya buɗe ƙaramin ofis a gefen titi daga filin jirgin sama a Irvine, California, kuma ya fara tallata manajansa ga manyan kamfanonin dillalan kayayyaki a Amurka. Wannan ya yi nasara sosai a shekarar 1983 har ya koma manyan gidaje a Fashion Island a Newport Beach . A shekarar 1989, Henry ya koma Westport, Connecticut . Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Henry ya kafa ofis na biyu a Boca Raton . 

### JWH
An kafa JWH a shekarar 1981 kuma ta fara ɗaukar abokan ciniki a cikin dillalai a shekarar 1982. Hanyoyin gudanarwa na kamfanin suna yin shawarwari na kasuwanci na inji, waɗanda ba na son rai ba don mayar da martani ga ƙayyadaddun tsari na juyawa a kowace kasuwa, da niyyar hana motsin zuciyar ɗan adam kawai, har ma da duk wani kimantawa na ra'ayi na abubuwan da ke waje da halayen farashi, kamar muhimman abubuwa, don haifar da kowace shawara ta zama dogo ko gajere kowace kasuwa, ko a'a.

A watan Maris na 2025, mujallar *Boston* ta kiyasta cewa dukiyar Henry ta kai dala biliyan 5.5, amma kuma ta ruwaito cewa kamfaninsa ya fuskanci matsaloli kwanan nan. 

A ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, 2012, kamfanin ya sanar da cewa zai dakatar da sarrafa kudaden abokan ciniki nan da ranar 31 ga Disamba, 2012, kuma Henry ya tabbatar da cewa jimillar kadarorin da ke ƙarƙashin kulawar kamfanin sun faɗi daga dala biliyan 2.5 a shekarar 2006 zuwa ƙasa da dala miliyan 100 a ƙarshen shekarar 2012.  

### Mallakar wasanni
Henry ya girma yana mai sha'awar St. Louis Cardinals, musamman tauraronsu Stan Musial .  Bayan ya sami dukiyarsa, matakin farko da ya ɗauka a fannin wasanni shi ne siyan ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Minor League Baseball, Tucson Toros ta ƙungiyar Pacific Coast League, a shekarar 1989.  Shi ma yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Senior Professional Baseball Association, wani gasar hunturu a Florida wadda ta ƙunshi 'yan wasa masu ritaya a manyan gasa. 

Henry ya mallaki ƙungiyar da ta yi nasara a kakar wasa ta 1989-90, West Palm Beach Tropics, wanda Dick Williams, tsohon manajan ƙungiyar Boston Red Sox ta 1967, wanda aka fi sani da ƙungiyar "Mafarkin da Ba Zai Yiwu ba". 

A shekarar 1990, Henry ya sayar da sha'awarsa ga ƙungiyar, kuma gasar ta ƙare a shekara mai zuwa. A wannan shekarar, ya yi shawarwari don siyan Orlando Magic, ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Ƙasa . Ya kuma kasance babban janar na Colorado Rockies, ƙungiyar faɗaɗa gasar Major League Baseball, kuma ya jagoranci wata ƙungiya da ke ƙoƙarin mallakar ƙungiyar faɗaɗa gasar National Hockey League a Florida, wadda aka bai wa Phil da Tony Esposito, waɗanda suka kafa Tampa Bay Lightning .   Daga baya Henry ya yi shawarwari don siyan Miami Heat sannan daga baya New Jersey Nets .

Henry ya shiga Major League Baseball da sayen ƙaramin jari a New York Yankees a shekarar 1991. Henry ya zama shi kaɗai mai mallakar Florida Marlins a shekarar 1999, inda ya sayi ƙungiyar daga Wayne Huizenga kan dala miliyan 158. A watan Janairun 2002, Henry ya sayar da Marlins a cikin yarjejeniyar mallakar kamfanoni da yawa ga Jeffrey Loria, mamallakin Montreal Expos a lokacin, wanda yanzu shine Washington Nationals . 

#### Ƙungiyar Wasannin Fenway
A shekara ta 2001, Henry ya yi haɗin gwiwa da Tom Werner, Kamfanin New York Times, da sauran masu zuba jari don kafa New England Sports Ventures (NESV) a cikin nasarar da suka samu na siyan Boston Red Sox daga Yawkey Trust wanda John Harrington ke jagoranta.  Henry ya zama babban mai mallakar Red Sox, tare da Werner a matsayin shugaba.

Tun daga lokacin ne kamfanin ya zama mamallakin kulob din Liverpool na Ingila da Pittsburgh Penguins da New England Sports Network da Fenway Park da Fenway Sports Management da sauran kadarori.

A shekara ta 2009, kamfanin ya fara shiga wasannin Turai ba tare da an yi masa tayin da ya yi ba na sayen kulob din Olympique de Marseille na Faransa na Ligue 1. 

NESV ta canza sunanta zuwa Fenway Sports Group a watan Maris na 2011. 

#### Boston Red Sox
 
Henry ya soke shirin masu mallakar filin wasa na Fenway Park da kuma gina sabon filin wasa a kusa da shi.  Madadin haka, Henry ya gyara Fenway—da sauran abubuwa, yana ƙara kujeru a kan Green Monster —wanda ya ba wa wurin shakatawa damar yin bikin cika shekaru 100 a shekarar 2012. 

Henry da Werner sun haɗu da ƙungiyar ofis a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Larry Lucchino da nufin "karya La'anar Bambino ."  Ya kuma ɗauki hayar wani majagaba na wasan ƙwallon baseball mai suna Bill James, wanda aikinsa ya shahara sosai bayan buga *Moneyball* a shekarar 2003. Henry ya cimma burinsa a gasar World Series ta 2004, inda ya kayar da tsohon Cardinals ɗin da ya fi so tun yana ƙarami. Ƙungiyar ta lashe gasar World Series ta 2007 a kan wani kamfani da Henry ya shiga kafin faɗaɗawa, wato Rockies, da kuma gasar World Series ta 2018 a kan Dodgers. Sox ta sake doke Cardinals a gasar World Series ta 2013 .

A watan Agusta na 2017, Henry ya ce ƙungiyar za ta jagoranci wani kamfen na canza sunan Yawkey Way, wani ɓangare na Boston inda Fenway Park take. Red Sox ita ce ƙungiya ta ƙarshe a Major League Baseball da ta haɗu, kuma Henry ya ce, "Har yanzu ina cikin damuwa game da abin da ya faru a nan tun kafin mu isa."  Birnin Boston ya amince da canjin a watan Afrilun 2018, kuma an mayar da sunan zuwa Jersey Street a watan Mayu na 2018. 

#### Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Liverpool
A watan Oktoban 2010, ƙungiyar Fenway Sports Group ta karɓi ragamar Liverpool FC. Dokokin UEFA na daidaita harkokin kuɗi na iya zama wani abu da ya haifar da wannan shawara. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;  Tsoffin masu mallakar, Tom Hicks da George N. Gillett, Jr., sun zama ruwan dare gama gari a tsakanin magoya bayan Liverpool saboda gazawarsu na cika alƙawarin cewa ba za a ci bashin da aka yi wa ƙungiyar ba, da kuma shawarar barin Liverpool daga Anfield a matsayin rashin girmama manajanta da ofishinta na gaba    da kuma maganganun da ake zargin sun yi na ɓatar da mutane game da shirin saka hannun jari da na baya a kan 'yan wasa.  

Bayan sun rasa kusan fam miliyan 154 sakamakon matsin lamba da suka fuskanta na sayar da kulob dinsu mai cike da bashi, Hicks da Gillett sun sanar da cewa za su kai karar masu hannun jarinsu da masu bashi kan akalla dala $1.6.&nbsp;biliyan saboda "damfarar da suka sha". A watan Janairun 2013, Hicks da Gillett sun sha kaye a shari'ar Kotun Daukaka Kara kuma sun amince su janye karar.  

A ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, 2012, Liverpool ta lashe gasar cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafa ta 2012 a filin wasa na Wembley, inda ta doke Cardiff City da ci 3-2 a bugun fenariti bayan wasan ya ƙare da ci 1-1 bayan mintuna 90 da kuma ci 2-2 bayan ƙarin lokaci. Wannan shi ne kofi na farko da Liverpool ta lashe tun bayan nasarar da ta samu a wasan ƙarshe na cin kofin FA na 2006 da West Ham United a ranar 13 ga Mayu, 2006, a filin wasa na Millennium da ke Cardiff. A watan Mayu na 2012 ya yanke shawara mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce ta hanyar korar koci kuma fitaccen ɗan wasan ƙungiyar Kenny Dalglish, yana mai ambaton mummunan sakamakon da ƙungiyar ta samu a gasar. Wasu masana ƙwallon ƙafa kamar abokin Dalglish Alan Hansen, sun ɗauki wannan a matsayin shawara mara kyau, ganin yadda Dalglish ya yi nasarar ɗaga ƙungiyar daga maki huɗu sama da yankin faɗuwa zuwa lashe kofi.   A watan Yulin 2012, bayan ya yi nasarar shawo kan Brendan Rodgers ya zama sabon koci,  Henry ya danganta rabuwar da Dalglish a matsayin rashin alaƙa da gazawar lashe Kofin FA ko kuma shari'ar Suarez,  amma sakamakon rashin nasarar da ƙungiyar ta samu a gasar a rabin na biyu na kakar wasa ta 2011-12. 

Rodgers ya kusa kai Liverpool ga lashe gasar Premier ta farko cikin sama da shekaru 20 a kakar wasa ta 2013-14 ; duk da haka, rashin kyawun aiki a kakar wasa ta gaba da kuma mummunan farawa a kakar wasa ta 2015-16 ya sa Henry ya kori Brendan Rodgers a matsayin kocin Liverpool a ranar 4 ga Oktoba, 2015.  A ranar 8 ga Oktoba, 2015, Henry ya nada Jürgen Klopp a matsayin sabon kocin Liverpool FC  Wannan matakin ya samu yabo daga magoya bayan Liverpool kuma an dauke shi a matsayin nuna burin Henry ga kungiyar.  Klopp ya jagoranci Liverpool zuwa wasan karshe biyu a kakar wasa ta 2015-16 (Kofin League da Europa League). A shekarar 2018 Liverpool ta kai wasan karshe na gasar Zakarun Turai a karon farko cikin shekaru 11. A shekarar 2019 Liverpool ta kai wasan karshe na gasar Zakarun Turai a karo na biyu a jere kuma ta lashe shi, inda ta doke Tottenham Hotspur, 2-0. Liverpool ta ci gaba da lashe gasar Premier a kakar wasa ta 2019-20 ; Kofin gasar Liverpool na farko cikin shekaru 30, kuma na farko tun bayan kafa gasar Premier.

A watan Afrilun 2021, an sanar da Liverpool a matsayin memba na kafa gasar European Super League, wadda za ta kawo karshen tsarin dala na ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turai kuma ta sanya Liverpool a cikin gasar da ba ta da damar faɗuwa da haɓaka. Liverpool da sauran ƙungiyoyi biyar na Ingila da abin ya shafa sun janye cikin kwana biyu bayan suka yi suka mai ƙarfi. Wannan ya sa Henry ya nemi afuwa ga magoya bayan Liverpool a hukumance, yana ɗaukar alhakin abubuwan da suka faru.  

#### NASCAR
A shekara ta 2007, ƙungiyar Fenway Sports Group ta Henry ta sayi hannun jari na kashi 50% a ƙungiyar tseren motoci ta Jack Roush Racing .  Direban Matt Kenseth ya lashe Auto Club 500 a California Speedway a watan Fabrairun 2007, wanda hakan ya nuna nasarar Henry ta farko a matsayin mai shi. A watan Fabrairun 2009, ƙungiyar ta lashe Daytona 500 ta farko tare da Matt Kenseth . A halin yanzu an sanya Henry a matsayin mamallakin motar #17 Ford wadda direban NASCAR Cup Series Chris Buescher ke tukawa.

#### Kwaikwayon Motoci na iRacing.com
A watan Satumba na 2004, Henry da David Kaemmer sun kafa iRacing.com Motorsport Simulations don haɓaka sabis na kwaikwayon tsere wanda aka yi niyya ga masu tsere na gaske da masu sha'awar kwaikwayon tsere. An ƙaddamar da sabis ɗin a watan Agusta na 2008.

### Mallakar jarida
A safiyar ranar 3 ga Agusta, 2013, *jaridar Boston Globe* da *[[New York Times|jaridar New York Times]]* sun ba da labarai a shafukan yanar gizon su suna ba da rahoton cewa Henry ya amince ya sayi tsohon tare da jaridar *Telegram &amp;amp; Gazette* ta Worcester, Massachusetts, da kuma kadarorin kafofin watsa labarai na New England da suka shafi dala miliyan 70 daga Kamfanin New York Times, wanda ya biya dala biliyan 1.1 don *The Globe* a 1993.  Labarin  *Globe* ya bayyana Henry a matsayin "ɗan kasuwa mai kunya wanda ke da tarihin yin fare mai ƙarfi."  Labarin The *Times* ya ambato mai magana da yawun *Times* Eileen Murphy tana tabbatar da yarjejeniyar siyarwa. 

Labarun sun lura cewa Henry ya kasance cikin ƙungiyar abokan hulɗa waɗanda suka shiga cikin yin tayin kadarorin The Globe, amma daga ƙarshe suka amince su mallaki su daban-daban. Duk da haka, labarin The Times ya ruwaito shi yana cewa: "A cikin kwanaki masu zuwa za a yi sanarwa game da waɗanda suka haɗu da ni a cikin wannan sadaukarwa da ƙoƙarin al'umma."

Bayan sanarwar, mallakar San Diego Union-Tribune (wanda a lokacin ake kira "UT San Diego") ya yi zargin cewa ya zarce Henry a jaridar The Globe amma kuma shugabannin kamfanin The Times ba su yi wa tsarin adalci ba, wanda hakan ya jawo wa masu hannun jari na kamfanin Times illa.

A shekarar 2014, Henry ya sayar da Worcester *Telegram & Gazette* ga Halifax Media Group, wacce a baya ta sayi tsoffin jaridu 16 na New York Times Company a shekarar 2011. 

## Lambobin yabo da girmamawa

* Zakaran gasar World Series sau huɗu a matsayin babban mai mallakar Boston Red Sox .
* Kyautar Golden Plate ta 2024 ta Kwalejin Nasara ta Amurka, wacce mai buga guitar kuma wanda ya kafa Led Zeppelin, Jimmy Page, ya bayar 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Henry yana jin daɗin buga wasannin kwaikwayo na baseball, ciki har da *Wasan Baseball na Out of the Park* . 

## A cikin al'adun jama'a
An yi wa Henry fim na ɗan lokaci ta hannun Arliss Howard a fim ɗin Moneyball na shekarar 2011, wanda ya biyo bayan babban manajan Oakland Athletics Billy Beane da ƙoƙarinsa na gina ƙungiyar da ta yi nasara a shekarar 2002. A ƙarshen fim ɗin, Beane ya yi tafiya zuwa Fenway Park da ke Boston inda ya haɗu da Henry, wanda ke son Beane ya zama sabon shugaban Red Sox .

Fim ɗin ya nuna Beane yana ƙin amincewa da kwangilar shekaru biyar da Boston Red Sox, dala miliyan 12.5, sannan ya koma Oakland Athletics, amma ya ƙara da cewa Red Sox, duk da rashin ɗaukar Beane aiki, ya aiwatar da yawancin ra'ayoyinsa na "Moneyball" kuma ya ci gaba da lashe gasar World Series ta 2004, wanda hakan ya zama zakaran farko na Red Sox cikin shekaru 86. 

## Duba kuma

* Elysian (wagon ruwa)

## Manazarta