open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Sonia Rolland

**Sonia Rolland** (an haife ta a ranar 11 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1981) 'yar wasan Faransa-Rwanda ce kuma mai rike da lambar yabo ta Miss France 2000 kuma ta wakilci kasar ta a Miss Universe 2000 inda ta sanya Top 10. Ita ce 'yar Afirka ta farko da ta lashe gasar Miss France .

An haife ta ne a Kigali, Rwanda, ga mahaifiyar Rwanda da mahaifin Faransa, Rolland da iyalinta sun tsere daga kasar saboda damuwa game da kisan kare dangi na Rwanda, musamman tunda mahaifiyarta Tutsi ce. A cikin 1990 sun koma kasar makwabta ta Burundi. Tare da karuwar tashin hankali wanda ya haifar da yakin basasar Burundi, sun koma Faransa a 1994. A lokacin da take da shekaru 13, Rolland ta zauna tare da iyalinta a Burgundy a cikin ƙaramin garin Cluny .

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1999, Sonia Rolland ta lashe gasar kyawawan kyawawan kyaututtuka ta "Miss Burgundy" wanda ya ba ta damar yin gasa don taken Miss France 2000 kuma tana da shekaru 18 ita ce mace ta farko ta asalin Afirka da ta ci nasara. A gasar Miss Universe 2000, wanda ya faru a Cyprus, Rolland ya kasance dan wasan kusa da karshe na 10, ya sanya na 9 gaba ɗaya.

Rolland ya taɓa zama a Paris tare da Christophe Rocancourt, mai zamba, mai amincewa da ɓarawo wanda ya yaudara mutane masu arziki ta hanyar yin kama da memba na Faransa na Iyalin Rockefeller. Suna da 'yar tare, mai suna Tess. Sun sanar da rabuwa a ranar 10 ga Afrilu 2008. Rolland tana da wata 'yar, Kahina, tare da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da darektan Jalil Lespert, wanda shine abokin tarayya tun shekara ta 2009.

A shekara ashirin bayan darussan wasan kwaikwayo masu tsanani tare da sanannen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Alain Delon, Rolland ta fara sabon aiki a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo. Bayan wani abin da ya faru a lokacin da aka kai mata hari a cikin metro ta dauki darussan kickboxing wanda daga baya ya zama mai fa'ida yayin da suka taimaka mata ta sami rawar Léa a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin *Lea Parker* wanda ya gudana na yanayi biyu daga 2004 zuwa 2006. 

## Hotunan fina-finai

## Manazarta
Clara Bohitile

**Clara Gasebewe Bohitile** (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Nuwamba 1955) 'yar kasuwa ce ta Namibiya kuma tsohuwar 'yar siyasa.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Bohitile a ranar 19 ga watan Nuwamba 1955 a Windhoek.  Ta halarci Makarantar Katolika a Tsohuwar Wuri (Old Location),  Yankin baƙar fata mazauniyar Windhoek har zuwa ƙarshen shekarar 1950s. Ta kuma yi makaranta a Gunichas Roman Catholic School kusa da Gobabis da kuma makarantar sakandare ta Katolika a Döbra. Bohitile ta sami ilimin tattalin arziki na gida akan manyan makarantu a Kwalejin Tshiye da Jami'ar Vista, duka a Afirka ta Kudu.  Bayan ta kammala ta koyarwa a makarantar sakandare ta Immanuel Shifidi ta Windhoek.  Ta kuma fara aikin noma kuma ta shiga siyasa.

## Aikin siyasa
Memba na SWAPO, Bohitile ta kasance memba na Majalisun Ƙasa na 2 da na 3 daga shekarun 1995 zuwa 2005. Ta kuma riƙe muƙamin mataimakiyar ministar ilimi da al'adu daga shekarar 1995 zuwa 2005 kuma.  Ta sake shiga majalisar daga shekarun 2007 zuwa 2010 lokacin da ta maye gurbin Ben Amathila, wanda ya yi ritaya. Ita ma memba ce a kwamitin tsakiya na SWAPO.

## Sana'ar kasuwanci
Bohitile kuma fitacciyar manomiya ce ta kasuwanci kuma 'yar siyasa. A cikin shekarar 2006, Ƙungiyar Aikin Noma ta Namibia ta ba ta lambar yabo ta Gwarzuwar Manomiyar Shekara.  A cikin watan Satumba 2010, ta kafa tarihi lokacin da aka zaɓe ta a hukumar MeatCo Namibia. Ita ce mace ta farko da ta taɓa zama a kujeran hukumar MeatCo.  Bohitile kuma tayi aiki a hukumar Windhoek Country Club da Casino.

## Karramawa
An ba Bohitile Kyautattun Excellent Order of the Eagle a Ranar Jarumai ta 2014.

## Manazarta
Martha Namundjebo-Tilahun

**Martha Namundjebo-Tilahun** 'yar kasuwa ce kuma 'yar siyasa ta ƙasar Namibiya. Ita ce tsohuwar shugabar kungiyar 'yan kasuwa da masana'antu ta Namibia (NCCI).

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Martha Namundjebo a ƙauyen Odibo da ke arewacin ƙasar Namibiya. Ta girma a garin Olunghono kuma ta tafi makarantar Engela. Ta sami digiri na BSc a Kasuwancin Kasuwanci da Gudanarwa daga Kwalejin Saint Paul Lawrenceville, Virginia. Namundjebo ta ci gaba da samun MBA a fannin Kuɗi daga Jami'ar California, Berkeley a Amurka, da kuma wani MBA daga Jami'ar Santa Clara, haka nan a California.  

## Sana'a
Bayan ritayar Harold Pupkewitz, Namundjebo-Tilahun ta gaje shi a matsayin shugaban Namibia Chamber of Commerce and Industry (NCCI) a shekarar 2010. Ta riƙe wannan muƙamin har zuwa shekara ta 2014 lokacin da aka zaɓi Sven Thieme.  Namundjebo-Tilahun kuma ita ce shugabar kungiyar 'yan kasuwa ta SADC kuma tana zama a kwamitin kamfanonin Namibia da dama, ciki har da Standard Bank Namibiya. Ta mallaki otal ɗin mai suna Five-Star guda ɗaya tilo a Namibiya, Hilton Hotel a Windhoek.  A cikin shekarar 2021, takaddun da ke ƙulla wani ɓangare na Kongo Hold-Up sun bayyana alakar kuɗi tsakanin wani kamfanin kamun kifi na Namibia mallakin Namundjebo-Tilahun da kuma zargin haramtattun kuɗaɗe na tsohon shugaban DRC Joseph Kabila.  

A shekarar 2017 ta kasance 'yar takara a matsayin mataimakiyar babban sakataren jam'iyyar Swapo.&#x5B; ** &#x5D; [2] Har ila yau, tana da ɗan gajeren lokaci a Majalisar daga watan Janairu zuwa watan Maris 2020.  

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Mijinta Haddis Tilahun, shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma babban darekta na United Africa Group , kamfanin da take aiki a matsayin shugabar kungiyar. Suna da 'ya'ya uku.

## Kyautattuka

* Gwarzuwar Shugabar Kasuwancin Afirka, 2013, Majalisar Kamfanoni a Afirka, Washington, DC, Amurka. 
* Doctor *ta girmamawa causa* a cikin Kasuwancin Kasuwanci, 2015, Jami'ar Namibia.

## Manazarta
Sustjie Mbumba

**Sustjie Mbumba** (an haife ta a cikin Rehoboth a watan Mayu 1953) 'yar kasuwa ce ta Namibia wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Uwargidan Shugaban Namibiya ta 4, daga ranar 4 ga watan Fabrairu 2024 zuwa 21 Maris 2025, yayin da mijinta Nangolo Mbumba ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Namibia a kan rasuwar Shugaba Hage Geingob   Mbumba na ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka tsira daga kurkukun Lubango saboda zargin da ake yi mata na yin leken asiri ga mulkin mallaka na Afirka ta Kudu. 

## Ilimi da Farkon Sana'a
Madam Sustjie Mbumba tayi karatu a Jamaica. ƙwararriya ce a fannin Likitanci na Lafiyar Baki da Likitar Haƙori. Bayan samun ‘yancin kai ta shiga ma’aikatar lafiya da ayyukan jin kai, kuma ta taka rawar gani wajen samar da tsarin manufofin cutar kanjamau na ƙasa da aiwatar da shirin yaki da cutar kanjamau na ƙasa. 

## Manazarta
Felicite Rwemarika

**Felicite Rwemarika** (an haife ta a ranar 9 ga watan Maris, 1958 a Ruanda-Urundi, a yanzu Ruwanda) ta kasance 'yar fafutukar kare hakkin mata, 'yar kasuwa, kuma memba ce a kwamitin Olympics na ƙasa da ƙasa. Ayyukanta sun mayar da hankali kan wayar da kan jama'a don daidaiton jinsi a cikin wasanni da kuma amfani da wasanni a matsayin kayan aiki don magance rikice-rikice da karfafa tattalin arziki.  Ita kuma mai shirya horo ce kan ilimin kuɗi. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Iyalin Rwemarika sun bar Rwanda a lokacin juyin juya halin Ruwanda suka sake zama a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo. Tana ɗaya daga cikin yara 14.  

Daga shekarun 1985 zuwa 1995, Rwemarika ta yi karatu a asibitin Mulago da ke Uganda kuma ta sami difloma a fannin aikin jinya. Ta ci gaba da samun digiri a harkokin kasuwanci.  

## Sana'a
Rwemarika ta kafa kasuwanci guda biyu, tayi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya, kuma tayi aiki a matsayin mai gudanarwa na ƙasa kuma shugabar wata kungiya mai zaman kanta. Ta kasance mai magana a Jami'ar Amurka ta Najeriya kan haɗin kai da sulhu ta hanyar wasanni.

Rwemarika ita ce wacce ta kafa, shugaba, kuma wakiliyar doka ta Association of Kigali Women in Sports (AKWOS), kungiyar da ta sadaukar da kanta wajen taimaka wa matan da aka yi wa kisan kare dangi na Tutsi a shekarar 1994 ta hanyar wasanni. Ta taka rawa a cikin kungiyoyin wasanni na mata daban-daban na duniya, ciki har da Hukumar Mata ta CECAFA (2011), Kwamitin wasannin Olympic da na Ruwanda (2013 - 2017), da Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata a Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Rwanda (2017 - 2018).

## Girmamawa
An zaɓi Rwemarika a matsayin kuma ta yi Ashoka Fellow a cikin shekarar 2012. A cikin 2015 ta sami lambar yabo daga Gidauniyar Taurari da kuma Tarin 'Yan Mata. A shekarar 2016, ta samu lambar yabo ta IOC ga mata da wasanni a nahiyar Afirka. 

## Manazarta
Falculina caustopis

Falculina caustopis wata asu ce a cikin dangin Depressariidae. Edward Meyrick ne ya kwatanta shi a cikin 1932. Ana samunsa a Amazonas, Brazil.

Tsawon fuka-fuki shine 26-28 mm. Fuskokin gaba suna da launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan hoda. Rabin basal na reshe yana cike da ma'auni na fuscous kuma gefen farashi yana da kyau. Akwai wani lallausan layin da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa daga tsakiyar costa zuwa kusa da maƙallan da ke ƙarƙashin koli, sa'an nan kuma an daidaita shi sosai kuma ya shiga cikin dorsum kafin tornus. Hakanan akwai tasha jerin ɗigon fuskoki. Hindwings suna da haske rawaya asali, tare da apical fuscous na huɗu.

## Manazarta
Lina Higiro

**Lina Mukashyaka Higiro** 'yar kasuwa ce 'yar ƙasar Rwanda kuma ta kasance babbar jami'ar gudanarwa na bankin NCBA Rwanda tun a watan Yuli 2018. 

Nan da nan kafin aikinta na yanzu, tun a watan Yuli 2016, ta yi aiki a matsayin babbar jami'iyar gudanarwa na bankin AB Bank Rwanda. A cikin wannan rawar, ta kula da ayyukan banki, hada-hadar banki, haɓaka kasuwanci da kuɗin dijital.  

Kafin haka, Higiro ta kasance Shugabar Dabaru, Tsare-tsare da Tallace-tallace a Bankin I&amp;amp;M, kuma kafin haka ta yi aiki a bankin Guaranty Trust (a lokacin Fina Bank, a matsayin shugabar Bankin SME, daga  shekarun 2007 har zuwa 2011. 

## Tarihi da ilimi
Ta yi karatu a North-West University, a Afirka ta Kudu, inda ta kammala karatu a Bachelor of Commerce. Daga nan ta samu digirin digirgir a fannin kasuwanci a jami’ar Liverpool da ke ƙasar Ingila.  Har ila yau, tana da takaddun shaida a harkokin kasuwanci da sadarwar kamfanoni, wanda Jami'ar Ryerson ta bayar, a Toronto, Kanada.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin bankuna a Rwanda
* Salam Uwase
* Alice Kalonzo-Zulu

## Manazarta
Jacob Riis

**Yakubu August Riis** (/riːs/ REESS; Mayu 3, 1849 - Mayu 26, 1914) ɗan Danish-Amurka mai kawo sauyi ne na zamantakewa, ɗan jarida "muck-raking", kuma mai daukar hoto na zamantakewa. Ya ba da gudummawa sosai a dalilin sake fasalin birane a Amurka a farkon karni na ashirin.[1] An san shi da yin amfani da basirar daukar hoto da aikin jarida don taimakawa matalauta a birnin New York; Waɗancan ƴan New York matalauta su ne batun mafi yawan rubuce-rubucensa da kuma daukar hoto. Ya amince da aiwatar da "samfuran samfuri" a New York tare da taimakon Lawrence Veiller na jin kai. Ya kasance farkon mai ba da goyon baya ga sabon ɗaukar hoto na yau da kullun kuma ɗayan na farko da ya fara ɗaukar walƙiya na hoto. Yayin da yake zaune a New York, Riis ya fuskanci talauci kuma ya zama dan jarida na 'yan sanda yana rubutu game da ingancin rayuwa a cikin marasa galihu. Ya yi yunƙurin rage radadin rayuwa da talakawa ke ciki ta hanyar fallasa waɗannan yanayi ga masu matsakaici da babba.

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Rayuwa baya
An haife shi a shekara ta 1849 a Ribe, Denmark, Jacob Riis shine na uku na yara 15 (ɗaya daga cikinsu, ƴan uwa marayu, an reno) na Niels Edward Riis, malamin makaranta kuma marubuci ga jaridar Ribe na gida, da Carolina Riis (née Bendsine Lundholm), mai gida.. A cikin 15, Yakubu kawai, 'yar'uwa ɗaya, da ƴar'uwar da aka yi reno sun tsira zuwa karni na ashirin. Riis ya rinjayi mahaifinsa, wanda makarantar Riis ya yi farin ciki da rushewa. Mahaifinsa ya lallashe shi ya karanta (da inganta Ingilishi ta hanyar) Mujallar Charles Dickens Duk Shekarar Shekara da kuma litattafan James Fenimore Cooper.

Yakubu ya yi farin ciki a ƙuruciya amma ya fuskanci bala’i sa’ad da yake ɗan shekara goma sha ɗaya sa’ad da ɗan’uwansa Theodore, ɗan shekara ɗaya, ya nutse. Ba ya manta bacin ran mahaifiyarsa

Yana da shekara goma sha ɗaya ko sha biyu, ya ba da duk kuɗin da yake da shi kuma ya ba wa dangin Ribe matalauta da ke zaune a cikin gida mara kyau idan sun tsaftace shi. Masu haya sun ɗauki kuɗin kuma suka wajabta; lokacin da ya gaya wa mahaifiyarsa, sai ta je ta taimaka.

Ko da yake mahaifinsa ya yi begen cewa Yakubu zai yi aikin adabi, Yakubu ya so ya zama kafinta.Lokacin da yake ɗan shekara 16, ya zama mai son Elisabeth Gjørtz, ’yar shekara 12 ta karɓi ɗiyar mai kamfanin wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin kafinta. Uban ya ƙi yarda da ɓacin ran yaron, kuma an tilasta Riis tafiya zuwa Copenhagen don kammala aikin kafinta. Riis ya koma Ribe a shekara ta 1868 yana dan shekara 19. Ya karaya saboda rashin samun aiki a yankin da kuma rashin amincewar Gjørtz na neman aurensa, Riis ya yanke shawarar yin hijira zuwa Amurka.

## Manazarta
The Heineken Kidnapping (fim)

**The Heineken Kidnapping** (Yaren mutanen Holland: De Heineken Ontvoering) fim ne na laifi na 2011 na Dutch wanda Maarten Treurniet ya jagoranta, kuma dangane da sace 1983 na Freddy Heineken a cikin Netherlands.

## Gabatarwa
Satar mutane masu ƙarfin hali da masu son ya ci gaba da ɓarna a cikin wannan ƙagaggen labarin na sace giyar Alfred Heineken na 1983, wanda zai ci gaba da zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan laifuffuka da aka gudanar a Netherlands.

## Manazarta
Faith Keza

**Faith Keza** ita ce Shugaba na Irembo Ltd, mamba a hukumar raya Rwanda (RDB) da kuma mamba a babban bankin ƙasar Rwanda.    Ta taɓa yin aiki a Silicon Valley, California a matsayin Injiniyar Software a Google, Delpix da Oracle.  

## Ilimi
A cikin shekarar 2007, tana 'yar shekara 15, Keza ta shiga Makarantar kwana ta Gordonstoun a Moray, Scotland.  Tana da digiri na farko a fannin Injiniyancin Lantarki da Kimiyyar Kwamfuta. 

## Manazarta
Rosemary Mbabazi

**Rosmary Mbabazi**, 'yar kasuwa ce kuma 'yar siyasa a Rwanda, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin ministar matasa da al'adu a majalisar ministocin Rwanda, tun daga ranar 31 ga watan Agusta 2017. 

## Tarihi da ilimi
Mbabazi tana da digiri na farko a fannin Ilimi, wanda ta samu daga Jami'ar Makerere, a Kampala, Uganda. Sannan tana da digirin digirgir kan harkokin kasuwanci, daga wata cibiya a ƙasar Ingila. 

## Sana'a
Daga shekarun 2009 har zuwa 2011 ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar sashen inganta zuba jari a hukumar raya ƙasar Rwanda. A cikin t 2011, an naɗa Rosemary Mbabazi a matsayin mai kula da otal ɗin Umubano da shugabar kamfanin Soprotel, wani kamfani na haɗin gwiwa tsakanin gwamnatocin Rwanda da Libya.  A cikin watan Fabrairun 2012, an naɗa ta Sakatare-Janar a Ma'aikatar Matasa da ICT,  tana aiki a wannan matsayi har zuwa watan Fabrairu 2017, lokacin da aka canza ta zuwa Ma'aikatar Ciniki, Masana'antu da Al'amuran Gabashin Afirka ta Rwanda (MINEACOM), a matsayin sakatariya na dindindin. 

A cikin sauye-sauyen majalisar ministocin da aka yi a ranar 31 ga watan Agustan 2017, an naɗa Mbabazi a matsayin minista a sabuwar ma'aikatar matasa da aka kirkiro, tsohuwar ma'aikatar matasa da ICT, bayan an raba shi gida biyu. 

## Sauran nauyi
A baya Rosemary Mbabazi ta taɓa zama mamba a kwamitin gudanarwa na hukumar tara kuɗaɗen shiga ta Rwanda. 

## Duba kuma

* Judith Uwizeye

## Manazarta
Aurore Mimosa Munyangaju

**Aurore Mimosa Munyangaju** (an haife ta a matsayin **Aurore Mimosa** ), ƴar kasuwa ce kuma 'yar siyasa a ƙasar Rwanda wacce tsohuwar ministar wasanni ce tun ranar 5 ga watan Nuwamba 2019.  A halin yanzu ita ce Jakadiyar Rwanda a Grand Duchy na Luxembourg.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Mimosa tana da takardar shaidar yin amfani da simulation, wanda ACI-Australia ta bayar, mai alaƙa da The Financial Markets Association. Ta kuma kammala karatu daga Maastricht   School of Management" Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Maastricht, a Maastricht, Netherlands, tare da Jagora na Gudanar da Kasuwanci, tana da mahimmanci a Gudanar da Ayyuka.

## Sana'a
Nan da nan kafin a naɗa ta a matsayin ministar wasanni ta Rwanda, Mimosa ta kasance babbar jami’ar zartarwa ta kamfanin Sonarwa Life, wani kamfanin inshora na Kigali. Kafin haka, ita ce shugabar kungiyar haɗin gwiwar Afirka ta Rwanda. African Alliance ƙungiya ce ta bankin zuba jari da ke aiki a Afirka. 

Ta na da gogewa sama da shekaru goma a harkar banki musamman a harkokin gudanar da baitulmali, da harkokin kasuwanci da harkokin banki. Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa kamfanin kasuwanci na Securities na farko, da kuma kasuwar hada-hadar kayayyaki ta Gabashin Afirka ta farko a ƙasar Rwanda. 

## Duba kuma

* Majalisar Ruwanda

## Manazarta
Michaella Rugwizangoga

**Michaella Rugwizangoga** injiniyar Rwanda ce mai gogewa a fannin tsare-tsare, sarrafa ayyuka da haɓaka samfura. A halin yanzu ita ce Shugabar Kamfanin Volkswagen Mobility Solutions Rwanda, wacce ta zama mace ta farko a Afirka Shugaba a cikin kungiyar. 

## Manazarta
James Hesketh Biggs

**James Hesketh Biggs** wani mai zane ne na ƙarni na 19, mai daukar hoto da zane a Kudancin Ostiraliya wanda ya yi aiki a cikin 1860s da 1870s. Ya shahara a zamaninsa kuma ya sami lambobin yabo da yawa, amma yawancin aikinsa yanzu ya ɓace
Kâhta Çayı

**Kâhta Çayı** wani kogi ne da ke lardin Adiyaman na kasar Turkiyya, galibi a gundumar Kâhta, yana tasowa a kudu maso gabashin tsaunin Taurus kuma ya shiga cikin Tafkin Atatürk.

Sunansa na dā shine Nymphaios (Νυμφαίος) ko kogin Nymphaeus.

Mafi yawan karatunta, Kâhta tana da tashoshi mai kaɗe-kaɗe. Tsohon birnin Arsameia yana kan hanyarsa ta tsakiya, kafin Cendere Çayı ya ciyar da shi a hannun dama. Kafin a gina madatsar ruwa ta Atatürk, Kâhta ta kasance madaidaicin rafi na Kogin Furat.

## Manazarta
Samuwar Caturrita

**Samuwar Caturrita** wani dutse ne da aka samo a Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. An ajiye ruwanta a cikin Basin Paraná. Samuwar ta fito ne daga Upper Triassic kuma ta zama wani ɓangare na Babban Sashen Santa Maria a cikin babban sashe na Rukunin Rosário do Sul.

## Ilimin kalmomi
Samuwar samu wannan sunan, saboda Caturrita ne unguwa (barrio) na Santa Maria. A cikin Portuguese caturrita kuma yana nufin parakeet na monk.

## Dabaru
Sediments na Caturrita Formation suna cikin naúrar na biyu na Santa Maria Supersequence kuma sun mamaye Memba na Alemoa na Samuwar Santa Maria. Sediments na yumbu na Memba na Alemoa a hankali suna ba da hanya zuwa mafi yawan yashi, da wuya conglomeratic, Caturrita Formation, wanda ya ƙare da rashin daidaituwa. Bayan wannan taron na ɓarna, bi raƙuman ruwa na Rhaetian na Mata Sandstone, raka'a na uku na Babban Sashen Santa Maria.

An taɓa ɗaukar Tsarin Caturrita azaman memba na Tsarin Tsarin Botucatu mai zurfi ko kuma an faɗaɗa shi don haɗawa da Sandstone Mata.

Tsarin Caturrita ya kai matsakaicin kauri na mita 60, amma gabaɗaya yana jujjuyawa a kusa da ƙimar mita 30.

## Shekaru
Har zuwa 2018 ba a tantance cikakkun shekaru ba, amma an fi sanya samuwar ga marigayi Carnian zuwa farkon shekarun Norian bisa dalilan burbushin halittu. Koyaya, Rhaetian ko ma farkon Jurassic shekarun wannan rukunin shima an ba da shawarar a cikin adabi. A U-Pb (Uranium lalata) dating gano cewa Caturrita Formation yana da kwanan wata a kusa da 225.42 shekaru miliyan da suka wuce, ya sanya shi kasa da shekaru miliyan 10 fiye da Santa Maria da Ischigualasto Formations, daga inda aka san farkon dinosaurs.

## Manazarta
Agogon Besançon astronomical

Ana ajiye **agogon taurarin Besançon** a cikin Cathedral na Besançon. Auguste-Lucie Vérité na Beauvais ya tsara kuma ya gina agogon taurarin Besancon na yanzu, tsakanin 1858 zuwa 1863. Ya maye gurbin agogon farko da Bernardin ya gina a shekarun 1850 wanda bai gamsu ba. Agogon Besançon ya bambanta da na Strasbourg, Lyon, da Beauvais. Ana nufin agogon don bayyana ra'ayin tauhidi cewa kowace daƙiƙa na ranar tashin Kristi yana canza wanzuwar mutum da na duniya.

## Agogon Bernardin
Wani mai yin agogo da ake kira Bernardin ya yi agogon taurari na farko da aka girka a Besançon tsakanin 1851 zuwa 1857. Bernadin mai yiwuwa Constant Flavien Bernardin ne, wanda aka haife shi a ranar 15 ga Janairun 1819, mai yiwuwa a Fougerolles, wanda wataƙila ya fito daga Fougerolles kuma ya zauna a Saint-Loup-sur-Semouse. (Ba za a rikita wannan Bernardin ba tare da Br Bernardin Morin wanda a lokaci guda ya gina agogon taurari na Ploërmel).

Bernardin ya nuna agogon taurari a cikin 1849 yayin da yake zaune a Fougerolles An nuna agogon da ya yi don Besançon a birnin Paris a 1855, inda Vérité ma yake baje kolin kuma tabbas zai iya gani. An kwatanta wannan agogon a cikin labarin 1958 na René Baillaud.

## Agogon Vérité
A shekara ta 1857 agogon Bernardin ya daina aiki, kuma Cardinal Mathieu, Archbishop na Besançon, ya ba da izinin maye gurbin Vérité, wanda ya gina ta a cikin bitarsa ​​a Beauvais. An shigar da agogon a cikin 1860 amma an ci gaba da aiki har zuwa 1863. Nan da nan bayan ya gama hukumar Besançon, Vérité ya gina agogo mafi girma, kuma daban, don Cathedral Beauvais.

Agogon Bernardin na iya samar da madaidaicin tashi ga Vérité lokacin zayyana nasa, amma baya ga kwarjini gabaɗaya babu wani takamaiman abu da alama an kwafi daga farkon.

A cikin 1900 agogon ya daina aiki; Florian Goudey ya gyara shi gaba daya.

A cikin 1966, agogon ya sake tsayawa a kan mutuwar Paul Brandibas, wanda ya kasance mai kula da shi sama da shekaru talatin. Kamfanin Ungerer na Strasbourg ya gyara shi kuma ya mayar da shi zuwa cikakken tsarin aiki.

## Manazarta
Marfil

**Marfil** ƙungiyar kiɗan Costa Rica ce.

Babban bayanan ƙungiyar sune "Celebrando", "Amuletos" da "Que no paren". Sun zagaya a Turai, Latin Amurka da Amurka.

Marfil yana nufin 'Ivory', a cikin Mutanen Espanya.

## Tarihi
An kafa Marfil a matsayin "Bocaracá" a cikin 1969 a garin Limón mai tashar jiragen ruwa na Atlantic a bakin tekun Caribbean na Costa Rica. Limón (da sauran ƙasashen Amurka ta tsakiya tare da bakin tekun Caribbean) sananne ne don Jamaican, Bahamian & Lesser Antillean al'adun gargajiya da rhythms na reggae waɗanda ke da tasiri kai tsaye ga sautin ƙungiyar. Sautin su yana haɗuwa da reggae, soca, rai, da jazz.

Sai a shekarun 1980s lokacin da Marfil ya sami shaharar gida. A cikin 1985, sun fito da "Menealo", wanda shine nasarar kasuwancin su na farko. A shekara ta 1987, sun fito da waƙarsu mai suna "Represento", wanda ya zama waƙar su. "Represento" asalin waƙar Puerto Rican ce ta Lou Briel, wanda Marfil ya zama salsa.

A cikin 1997, ƙungiyar ta fito da "Saca Boom", ɗaya daga cikin nasarorin kasuwanci na ƙarshe. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Lou Briel da sauran masu fasaha na Puerto Rican sun yi iƙirarin cewa sigar Marfil na "Represento" an yi sata.

## Mambobi

* Isidor Ash - director and guitarist
* Roberto Moscoa - percussionist and trumpeter
* Rogelio Royes - vocalist
* Omar Gauna - vocalist
* Orlando Quezada - bass
* Ricardo Espinach - drums
* Armando Conejo - keyboard
* Jose Hernandez - guitarist

## Manazarta
Kathleen Mavourneen (1937 fim)

**Kathleen Mavourneen** fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na kida na Biritaniya-Irish na 1937 wanda Norman Lee ya jagoranta kuma tare da Sally O'Neil, Tom Burke da Jack Daly. An yi fim ɗin labarin sau da yawa a baya, gami da silent silent (1919), tare da Theda Bara da Tiffany talkie na 1930 shima wanda ke nuna Sally O'Neil. Wannan sigar, wacce aka fi sani da "Kathleen", an yi fim ɗin a Ireland, kuma tana ɗauke da halayen Tsohuwar Uwar Riley wacce ta fito a cikin jerin finafinanta. An harbe shi a Welwyn Studios.

## Labarin fim ɗin a takaice
Kathleen O'Moore ta koma gida zuwa yankunan karkarar Ireland kuma ta gano tana da abokan hamayya don ƙaunarta a cikin sifar matalauci Michael Rooney (Tom Burke) da squire Dennis O'Dwyer (Jack Daly). Abokan kishiyoyin biyu na soyayya sun hada kai don ceto Kathleen daga innarta (Ethel Gryffies), wacce ta shirya auren mara ƙauna amma mai riba ga yarinyar.

## Ƴan wasan shirin
* Sally O'Neil karfinsu a matsayin Kathleen O'Moore
* Tom Burke a matsayin Michael Rooney
* Jack Daly a matsayin Dennis O'Dwyer
* Sara Allgood a matsayin Mary Ellen O'Dwyer
* Jeanne Stuart a matsayin Barbara Fitzpatrick
* Ethel Griffies a matsayin Hannah O'Dwyer
* Pat Noonan a matsayin Sean O'Dwyer
* Arthur Lucan a matsayin tsohuwar mahaifiyar Riley
* Kitty McShane a matsayin Kitty Riley
* Fred Duprez a matsayin Walter Bryant

## Mahimman liyafar
The New York Times ta ce, "Hoton da Irish ya yi shi ne, kamar yadda yake da daɗi a cikin tattaunawarsa da kuma hangen nesa na rayuwar ƙasa a matsayin wasan doki a County Cork; kuma kamar wauta da jin daɗi a cikin labarinsa a matsayin mummunan kwaikwayon Hollywood na iya zama."

## Manazarta
Nitin Sardesai

**Nitin Sardesai** ɗan siyasa ne daga jihar Maharashtra ta Indiya. Yana cikin jam'iyyar siyasa ta Maharashtra Navnirman Sena (MNS) kuma memba ne na Majalisar Dokokin Maharashtra tun 2009.

## Rayuwar siyasa
Sardesai ya kasance abokai tare da Raj Thackeray, wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban MNS, tun lokacin kwalejin su. Shi abokin tarayya ne da Thackeray a cikin hukumar gidaje da ake kira "Matoshree Infrastructure". Shi ne kuma Babban Sakatare kuma Babban Mai Gudanarwa na MNS kuma shugaban Hawai Karmachari Sena (HAKSE), reshe na MNS wanda ke aiki ga ma'aikatan Air Services. An ƙaddamar da HAKSE a cikin Nuwamba 2008 a matsayin ƙungiyar ma'aikata a fannin sufurin jiragen sama. Tun da farko a cikin Oktoba 2008, sama da ma'aikata 1900 Jet Airways sun kori amma an mayar da su bayan MNS ta gudanar da zanga-zangar.

Bayan kafa jam’iyyar MNS a shekarar 2006, jam’iyyar ta fafata zaben ‘yan majalisar jiha na farko a shekarar 2009. Sardesai ya fito daga mazabar Mahim na Mumbai kuma ya yi nasara. Ya doke Sadanand Saravankar na majalisar dokokin Indiya kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Aadesh Bandekar na Shiv Sena. A zaben Majalisar na 2014, Shiv Sena turncoat na INC ya kayar da shi da tsohon dan majalisa Sadanand "Sada" Sarvankar.

## Manazarta
Khvajeh Mohammad-Sharif

**Khvajeh Mohammad-Sharif** (Persian) ɗan siyasan Farisa ne, wanda ya rike mukamin vizier na larduna da yawa na Safavid . Ya kuma kasance mawaki, wanda ya rubuta a ƙarƙashin sunan alkalami **Hejri** ().

## Tarihin rayuwa
Mohammad-Sharif ɗan asalin Tehran ne - an nada ɗan'uwansa Ahmad Tehrani a matsayin magajin gari (*kalantar*) na Ray ta Shah Tahmasp I (r. 1524-1576).

Bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa, Mohammad-Sharif ya tafi Khorasan, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da Mohammad Khan Tekkelu da ɗansa Tatar Soltan, wanda shine gwamnan lardin Safavid na Khorasan . 

Daga baya an lissafa Mohammad-Sharif a ƙarƙashin hidimar Shah Tahmasp I, inda ya fara aiki a matsayin mai kula da Yazd, Abarkuh, da Biabanak na tsawon shekaru bakwai. 

Bayan haka, an nada shi a matsayin mai kula da Isfahan, daya daga cikin manyan ofisoshi a yankin. A can, ya zama sananne ne saboda yadda yake magana da mazaunanta da kuma kwarewarsa na warware rikice-rikice. Ya mutu a can a shekara ta 1576/7. 

Ya auri 'yar Aqa Mulla Dawatdar . 

Bayan mutuwarsa, ƙaramin ɗansa, Mirza Ghiyas Beg, ya faɗi cikin kunya saboda dalilan da ba a sani ba, don haka ya zaɓi ya koma Mughal Indiya, inda ya zama babban jami'in siyasa, kuma a ƙarshe babban ministan Sarkin sarakuna Jahangir (r. 1605-1627).  Wani ɗan Mohammad-Sharif, Mohammad-Taher Wasli, mutum ne mai ilimi wanda ya rubuta waka a ƙarƙashin sunan alkalami na Wasli.

## Bayanai

## Manazarta

## Tushe
*
*  

## Ƙarin karantawa

*
Dorothée Munyaneza

**Dorothée Munyaneza** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1982) mawaƙiya ce ta Burtaniya da Rwanda, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, mai rawa kuma mai tsara wasan kwaikwayo. Ta samar da wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu, Samedi Détente da Unwanted, duka biyu game da Kisan kiyashi a kan Tutsi.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
An haifi Munyaneza a Rwanda.  Mahaifinta fasto ne, kuma mahaifiyarta 'yar jarida ce. Munyaneza, mai shekaru 12, ta zauna tare da iyalinta a lokacin rani a shekara ta 1994 bayan kisan kare dangi a kan Tutsi a Rwanda, a Ingila. Mahaifiyarta ta yi aiki ga wata kungiya mai zaman kanta, sabili da haka ta sami damar tabbatar da iyalin zuwa Landan. A can ta yi karatu a Lycée Français Charles de Gaulle. Yayinda take karatu, ta sadu da Christine Sigwart, wanda ya kafa Gidauniyar Jonas, ƙungiyar agaji da ke da niyyar taimakawa yara daga bangarori daban-daban. Ta zama mai sha'awar kiɗa, kuma ta yi karatun kiɗa a Gidauniyar Jonas.   Munyaneza ta yi karatun kiɗa da kimiyyar zamantakewa a Jami'ar Ikilisiyar Kristi ta Canterbury.  Yanzu tana zaune a Marseille, Faransa, 
## Ayyuka
Munyaneza ya raira waƙa a kan sauti don fim din Otal Rwanda.  Ta yi aiki tare da  , Robyn Orlin,  , Nan Goldin, Mark Tompkins, Ko Murobushi da    A matsayinta na mawaƙa, ta fitar da kundi na farko a cikin shekara ta 2010, wanda Martin Russell ya samar.   A shekara ta 2012, ta yi aiki tare da mawaƙin Burtaniya James Seymour Brett don samar da kundin Earth Songs.   shekara ta 2013, ta fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayon da Rachid Ouramdane ya yi a Rennes, Faransa . A lokacin wasan kwaikwayon, ta yi waƙoƙin sunayen 'yan Aljeriya da aka kashe a lokacin Kisan kiyashi na Paris a shekara  ta 1961.

A cikin shekara ta 2014, Munyaneza ya samar da aikin Samedi Détente (Saturday relaxation). Ya mayar da hankali kan kisan kare dangi a kan Tutsi a Rwanda a cikin shekara ta 1994, lokacin da aka hallaka fiye da 800,000 Tutsi a cikin kwanaki 100,  da kuma kwarewarta game da kisan kare. An fara aikin ne a Nîmes, Faransa.

A cikin shekara ta 2017, ta samar da Unwanted, aikinta na biyu game da kisan kare dangi a kan Tutsi a Rwanda.  Aikin ya nuna mawaki na Faransa  ,  kuma ya mayar da hankali kan tambayoyin tsakanin Munyaneza da mata da suka tsira daga kisan kare dangi,  da kuma nutsewa cikin tarihin mata da suka shiga cikin irin wannan wahalar a Kongo, Chadi, Siriya, da ƙasashen da suka kasance wani ɓangare na SFR Yugoslavia.  Unwanted yana da ma'ana ta musamman ga matan da aka yi wa fyade da kuma 'ya'yansu da aka haifa. Munyaneza ya gabatar da Unwanted a bikin na Avignon na 2017,   kuma a bikin na kaka a Paris 

## Manazarta
Anita Pendo

**Anita Pendo** (an haife ta  (1986-02-14)    a Uganda Kampala), Uganda ga Syprien Mpabuka da Apophia Mukampabuka) 'yar jaridar Rwandan ce,  ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, mc da deejay . Ta kasance tana gudanar da bukukuwan kiɗa daban-daban sun haɗa da Primus Guma Guma Super Star wanda Kamfanin Bralirwa Brewery Company ya shirya.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Pendo a shekara ta 1986 a Uganda Mengo, Uganda, inda ta zauna tare da iyalinta. A watan takwas na shekara ta 1994, ita da iyalinta sun koma Rwanda. Pendo ita ce ta farko cikin yara bakwai da aka haifa ga iyayen Syprien Mpabuka da Apophia Mukampabuka .  Ta koyi ɗaukar alhakin lokacin da ta rasa mahaifinsa lokacin da take ƙarama; mahaifiyarsa ce ta yi renonsa amma ta zauna tare da kakarta. Pendo yana da 'ya'ya maza biyu da aka haifa wa Ndanda Alphonse . Wadanda suka fara koyon kwallon kafa a makarantar kwallon kafa ta Dream karkashin jagorancin Gimmy Mulisa, wanda ya kasance yana buga wa Apr FC da kuma kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Amavubi.

Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin aikin jarida a shekarar 2014 daga Jami'ar Mount Kenya . 

## Ayyuka
Ta fara aikin jarida a shekara ta 2007.  Pendo yanzu ƙwararren mai ba da rahoto ne ga RBA, wanda kuma ke aiki a matsayin MC, da kuma mai rawa. Ta sami wahayi daga iyalinsa don shiga aikin jarida a matsayin aikinta.Ta lashe gasar a matsayin mai gabatar da rediyo mafi kyau na mata na Afirka a shekarar 2024.   

## Manazarta
Cedrick Mugisha

**Cedrick Mughisha Banzi** (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Mayu 1997 a Kigali, Rwanda) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne  kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin da fim, wanda aka sani da wasan kwaikwayonsa a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Mutanen Espanya *Smiley* a 2022 tare da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ɗan Catalonia Carlos Cuevas .

Ya taka leda a 1. SC Znojmo FK a Jamhuriyar Czech, sannan a kulob din kwallon kafa na Rayo Vallecano a Madrid daga 2021.

A cikin 2019, ya fito da fim din Pedro Almodóvar Pain and Glory .

Ya kuma taka leda a jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Mutanen Espanya Cuéntame cómo pasó da sitcom La que se avecina . 

## Manazarta
Florence Carpenter Dieudonné

**Florence Carpenter Dieudonné** (Satumba 25, 1850 - Afrilu 17, 1927) marubuci ne na almara na farko, mai aiki a Amurka a ƙarshen 1800s.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Florence Lucinda Carpenter a cikin 1850 a Munnsville, New York, kuma ta girma a Oshkosh, Wisconsin.

Rubuce-rubucenta na farko, wakoki ne da aka buga a wata jarida ta gida da kuma cikin Mujallar Peterson. Bayan aurenta da wani mutum mai suna Dieudonné, ta yi tafiya zuwa Turai; wasiƙun da ta aika don bugawa a jaridu daban-daban sun ƙara mata suna a matsayin marubuci. Littafin farko na Dieudonné shi ne dogon waƙa mai suna A Pre-Historic Romanza (1882). Ta kuma rubuta cantatas da yawa tare da kiɗa na J. B. Carpenter.

Dieudonné sananne ne ga litattafai biyu na almara mai hasashe: Rondah, ko Shekaru Talatin da Uku a cikin Tauraro (1887) da Xartella (1891). Rondah musamman ya shahara wajen tsara almara na kimiyya na ƙarni na 20 a cikin kwatancinsa na wata duniyar, kuma ya yi gaba da lokacinsa a cikin nuna juyayi na rayuwar wuce gona da iri. Rondah kusan mutane hudu ne da aka tura zuwa wata sabuwar duniya da har yanzu ke kan hanyar samar da tsuntsayen da ke zaune. An yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta wani bangare ta hanyar ra'ayoyin game da yiwuwar tarwatsewar duniya tsakanin Mars da Jupiter.

Xartella ya fi dacewa da maƙaryata na allahntaka na Victoria da litattafan kasada na wurare masu ban sha'awa na marubuta irin su H. Rider Haggard. An saita shi a cikin Masar, yana dogara ne akan nau'i uku na haruffa: Basarake mara mutuwa mai wannan sunan wanda zai iya sake rayar da mummies, dattijo, da matar da suke so, Artossa. Wani mai bincike ne ya ba da labarin labarin wanda ya ci karo da dattijon kuma ya shiga cikin al'amuran sa'ad da ya sake raya matar Xartella Aphiah bisa kuskure.

Dieudonné ta zauna a Washington, D.C., inda ta kasance shugabar ƙungiyar Parzelia Circle, ƙungiyar adabi. Ta mutu a cikin 1927 a California

## Manazarta
Gidan kayan tarihi na Tarihi da Al'adun Yahudawa a Belarus

**Gidan Tarihi da Al'adun Yahudawa a Belarus** (Belarus: Муzeй гісторыі культуры яўрэяў Беларусі) ƙaramin gidan kayan gargajiya ne a Minsk, Belarus. Masanin tarihi Inna Gerasimova ne ya kafa shi a cikin 2002 tare da haɗin gwiwar Kwamitin Rarraba Yahudawa na Amurka. Kwamitin haɗin gwiwa har yanzu yana tallafawa ta kuɗi, tare da al'ummar Yahudawa na Belarushiyanci. Ofisoshin sabis na al'ummar Yahudawa na gida suna cikin ginin ɗaya, a harabar yahudawa ta Minsk.

Gidan kayan tarihin, duk da rashin samun izini da hukumar ba da shawara, duk da haka yana aiki don adana tunawa da al'ummomin Yahudawa na farko a Minsk da ba da labarinsu a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. Bayan baje koli, ma'aikatan gidan kayan gargajiya suna gudanar da shirye-shiryen wayar da kan jama'a da kuma shirin "Masu adalci a cikin Al'ummai" (wanda ke girmama wadanda ba Yahudawa ba da suka yi aiki don taimakon al'ummar Yahudawa). Kusa da gidan kayan gargajiya akwai Memorial na Zaslaŭski, wurin da aka yi aƙalla kisan jama'a guda ɗaya na Yahudawa.

## Tarihin gidan tarihin
A cikin 1998, Inna Gerasimova ya kirkiro nunin farko kuma ya fara tattara kayan don nunin dindindin na gaba. Lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekara ta 2012, ta tattara abubuwa da yawa na Yahudawa da kayan tarihi, da suka haɗa da hotuna, kayan aikin yau da kullun ko abubuwa, takardu, da littattafan addini. A 2012, Vadim Akopyan ya zama darektan gidan kayan gargajiya. Godiya ga gudunmawar masu aikin sa kai na gidan kayan gargajiya, an tattara kayan tarihi sama da 10,000. Yawancin kayan tarihi abubuwa ne na yau da kullun; alal misali, tun da yawancin Yahudawa da suke zama a Belarus ƙwararru ne ta hanyar kasuwanci, ana baje kolin ɗinki da sauran hanyoyin rayuwa. Yawancinsu suna da labaran da ke da alaƙa da yadda suka kasance a gidan kayan gargajiya, kamar yadda lamarin ya faru na fashewar kwalabe da ta taɓa ɗaukar saƙo daga ƙungiyoyin Yahudawa a lokacin yaƙi.

## Nunawa
Gidan kayan gargajiya yana da nunin abubuwan dindindin da yawa waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin gabatar da tarihin Yahudawa a Belarus, musamman lokacin Holocaust. Babban abubuwan nune-nunen suna tare da nune-nune na yanayi ko jujjuyawar da suka shafi batutuwa daga gine-ginen majami'ar Belarus zuwa rayuwar yau da kullun ga yahudawa da 'yan bangar Yahudawa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. Ana samun ziyarar gani da ido na gidan kayan gargajiya cikin Rashanci da Ingilishi.

## Manazarta
Aditi Kinkhabwala

**Aditi Kinkhabwala** (an haife shi Disamba 2, 1977) ɗan jaridar wasanni ne na Amurka kuma mai ba da rahoto na wasanni na CBS Sports.

## Rayuwar baya
An haifi Kinkhabwala a birnin New York. Ta girma a New Jersey, kuma ta sauke karatu daga Jami'ar Cornell tare da digiri a cikin Nazarin Amurka.

## Aiki
Kafin shiga NFL Network, Kinkhabwala ɗan jarida ne a San Antonio Express-News. Kinkhabwala ita ma marubuciya ce ga Jaridar Wall Street Journal, inda ta ba da labarin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta New York Giants.

Kinkhabwala kawai ya rufe wa'adin shekaru 10 tare da hanyar sadarwa ta NFL. Ita ce mai masaukin baki akan Wasannin CBS 'Muna Bukatar Magana da kuma a duka Sirius XM da rediyon Pittsburgh na gida, Kinkhabwala ta fara aikin jarida a jaridu, ta fara rufe wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta makarantar sakandare a San Antonio Express-News da wasanni na kwaleji a The Record a New Jersey kafin ta koma NFL ta doke a Wall Street Journal. A cikin Afrilu, Kinkhabwala ya goyi bayan ɗaukar hoto na 2021 NFL a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa na musamman don TV, rediyo da abun cikin gidan yanar gizo. A cikin 2022, bayan shekaru 10 a cibiyar sadarwa ta NFL, Kinkhabwala ta sanar da cewa za ta bar NFL Network. A halin yanzu, Kinkhabwala mai ba da gudummawa ne kuma mai ba da rahoto ga NFL ON CBS da NFL Playoffs akan Westwood One. Sauran gudunmawarta ita ce ta kasance mai haɗin gwiwa a rediyo don 93.7 The Fan a Pittsburgh da kuma kwasfan fasfo na sararin samaniya.

## Manazarta
Greenfield F.C.

Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta **Greenfield** ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce mai wakiltar ƙauyen Flintshire na Greenfield a Wales. Suna buga wasanninsu na gida a The Old Courtaulds Pitch, wanda ke kusa da titin A548 a Greenfield kuma ƙungiyar farko tana cikin rukunin Premier na Arewa maso Gabashin Wales.

## Tarihi
Kulob din ya fara rayuwa a cikin rukunin Kwallon kafa na Clwyd na Biyu a cikin kakar 2005–06, wanda Barry Ainsworth ya kafa, wanda a baya ya gudanar da sashin matasa a ƙauyen a cikin 1990s. Ainsworth ya jagoranci kulob din tsawon shekaru shida bayan kafa kulob din, yana kula da ci gaba a matsayin zakarun Clwyd Division One a 2007 – 08 tare da cikakken rikodin nasarar 24 kai tsaye kuma zuwa cikin Welsh Alliance League a 2011 – 12. Tawagar gudanarwa ta kulob na gaba, Scott Beck da Tony Hogan, sun jagoranci kulob din zuwa gasar Welsh Alliance Division Two a 2015–16.

Kulob din ya shiga sabuwar Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Arewa maso Gabashin Wales a shekarar 2020 a matsayin kulob din Premier kuma bayan an soke kakar wasan farko da aka shirya saboda barkewar cutar Coronavirus, kulob din ya zama zakara na farko a kakar 2021-22.

## Manazarta
Tomoto Kobori

**Kobori Tomoto** (an haife shi ranar 26 ga watan Maris, 1864 - 1 ga watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1931) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na kasar  Japan. Ya kasance Mai zane-zane na gidan sarauta daga 1917 har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekarata ta  1931.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Kobori a ranar 26 ga Maris 1864 a Konaka, kauyen Hatagawa, Gundumar Aso, Lardin Shimotsuke (yanzu wani ɓangare na Sano, a yankin Tochigi) a Daular Japan .

An nada shi a matsayin Mai zane-zane na gidan sarauta a ranar 17 ga Yuni 1917, matsayin da ya rike har zuwa mutuwarsa.

Ya mutu a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1931.

## Littattafai da ayyukansa game da shi

* Nuni na 80th Mutuwa Anniversary na Kobori Tomoto (Kobori Tomoto Botsugo 80 Nenten) (Oktoba 2019, Yoshizawa Memorial Museum of Art, shafuka 80, ba ISBN) 

## Karɓar karɓa da gado
An kira Kobori a matsayin tasiri daga mai zane Tetsuya Noguchi . 

## Manazarta
Henry Cele

**Henry  Cele** (Bayyanawa na Zulu: [hɛnˈri ˈkōɛːle]) (20 Janairu 1941 - 2 Disamba 2007 ) ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Afirka ta Kudu kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. A cikin shekarun 1960 Cele ya zama mai tsaron gida na Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma ya buga wasan har zuwa 1978. A shekara ta 1981, an nemi ya saurari rawar Zulu Warrior King Shaka kaSenzangakhona a kan mataki don samar da shekara guda. Ga miniserie na talabijin na 1986 *Shaka Zulu*, ya sake taka rawar kuma ya sami babban suna a duk duniya.

Bayan wannan nasarar, ya fito a cikin fina-finai da talabijin. A shekara ta 2001, ya koma rawar Shaka don fim din talabijin na Shaka Zulu: The Last Great Warrior shekaru 15 bayan asali. A shekara ta 2007, Cele ya mutu bayan ya kwashe makonni biyu a asibiti saboda kamuwa da cutar kirji.

## Rayuwa ta farko
A ranar 20 ga Yuni 1941, an haifi Cele a KwaMashu, Durban, Afirka ta Kudu. A cikin iyalinsa, ana kiransa da sunan danginsa Ndosi (Bavela KwaMthetwa), ko Magaye . 

Kakarsa ce ta haifi Cele, yana da shekaru 16 saboda matsalolin kudi dole ne ya bar makaranta ya juya zuwa wasanni.

## Ayyuka

### A matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo
Cele, wanda ake kira "Black Cat" saboda kwarewarsa a matsayin Mai tsaron gida, ya buga wa Aces United a tsohuwar Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Afirka ta Kudu (SASL) a cikin shekarun 1960. Ya kuma buga wa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Lamontville_Golden_Arrows_F.C."  Golden Arrows FC a Lamontville Township kuma ya horar da kulob din kwallon kafa a Afirka ta Kudu har zuwa mutuwarsa. A ranakun Asabar, ya buga wa Durity Football Club wasa a gasar kwallon kafa ta kasuwanci a Durban.

A shekara ta 1978, Cele ya ji cewa ya tsufa sosai kuma ya yi ritaya daga wasanni, saboda haka ya fara horar da 'yan wasa.

### A matsayinta na mai tsere

A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1981, an kusanci Cele don yin sauraro don taka rawar Shaka, Sarkin Zulu wanda ya jagoranci sojoji a kan daular Burtaniya a cikin 1800s,  a cikin samar da mataki "Shaka" wanda ya gudana na shekara guda. 

A shekara ta 1986, an fara fitowa da abubuwa biyar na miniseries na sa'o'i goma na *Shaka Zulu*. Darakta Bill Faure wanda ya gan shi a cikin samar da mataki ya ba da shawarar cewa ya saurara. Cele ta doke mutane 4000 wadanda suka yi sauraro.

A shekara ta 1988, Cele ta yi aiki a cikin David Winters's Rage to Kill,  da Freedom Fighters. 

## Shekaru na baya da mutuwa
A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, Cele ya ƙaura daga gidansa na kusa da Glenmore, kudu da Durban, kuma ya koma garinsu a garin KwaMashu.

Cele ya mutu a Durban a ranar 2 ga Disamba 2007, bayan makonni biyu a asibiti saboda kamuwa da kirji. News24 ta ruwaito cewa a cikin makonni na ƙarshe ya zama mai tsattsauran ra'ayi tare da sauran marasa lafiya da ma'aikatan asibitin St Augustine. An binne shi a Kabari na Stellawood a Durban eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal, Afirka ta Kudu.

Cele ta auri Jenny Hollander. Yana da 'ya'ya hudu daga auren da ya gabata.

## Manazarta
Antonio de Rojas Manrique

**Antonio de Rojas Manrique** (ya mutu a ne a ranar 27 ga watan Yuni na shekara ta alif dari biyar da ashirin da bakwai 1527) ya kasance limamin Roman Katolika wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban West Indies (1524-1527),  Bishop na Burgos (1525-1527),  Bishop na Palencia (1524-1525),  Archbishop na Granada (1507-1524),  Bishop na Mallorca (1496-1507),   da Shugaban Majalisar Castile (1519-1524).

## Tarihin rayuwa
A cikin shekara ta alif dari huɗu da casain da shida 1496, Sarkin Spain ya zaɓi Antonio de Rojas Manrique kuma Paparoma Alexander VI ya tabbatar da shi a matsayin Bishop na Mallorca .     Ya kasance daya daga cikin jakadu uku a Ingila da suka bar ranar 26 ga Agusta 1501 don raka gimbiya Catherine na Aragon akan aurenta da Arthur, Yariman Wales . Sauran su ne Diego Fernández de Córdoba y Mendoza, 3rd Count of Cabra, da Alonso de Fonseca, babban Bishop na Santiago de Compostela.  A cikin 1507, Paparoma Julius II ya nada shi a matsayin Archbishop na Granada .  A cikin 1524, Paparoma Clement VII ya nada shi a matsayin Bishop na Palencia da kuma shugaban farko na West Indies .   A ranar 3 ga Yuli 1525, Paparoma Clement VII ya nada shi a matsayin Bishop na Burgos .  Ya yi aiki a matsayin Bishop na Burgos kuma sarki na West Indies har zuwa mutuwarsa a ranar 27 ga Yuni 1527.

## Manazarta
Roman Katolika Archdiocese na Marseille

**Archdiocese na Marseille** (Latin: Archidioecesis Massiliensis; Faransa: Archidiocèse de Marseille) ikon Ikilisiyar Latin ne ko archdiocese of the Catholic Church a Faransa .  Gidan archepiscopal yana cikin birnin Marseille, kuma diocese ya ƙunshi Gundumar Marseille, wani yanki na sashen Bouches-du-Rhône a Yankin Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur .

## Tarihi
An ce Cocin Marseille an gina shi ne a ƙarni na farko ta hanyar St. Lazarus, saurayin da aka ambata a cikin Linjila wanda Yesu Kristi da kansa ya tashe shi daga matattu. Iyalinsa sun yi ƙaura zuwa Provence a wani lokaci bayan Tashin matattu.

### Juyin Juya Halin
An soke diocese na Marseille a lokacin Juyin Juya Halin Faransa, a karkashin Tsarin Mulki na Malamai (1790). Yankin ta ya shiga cikin sabon diocese, wanda ake kira 'Bouches-du-Rhone', wanda ya kasance wani ɓangare na Metropolitanate da ake kira 'Metropole des Côtes de la Méditerranée (wanda ya haɗa da sabbin 'sashen' goma). Masu jefa kuri'a na 'Bouches-du-Rhone' sun hadu a Aix tun daga ranar 19 ga Fabrairu 1791, kuma a ranar 23 ga Fabrairun sun zabi Abbé Charles Benoît Roux, curé na Eyragues kusa da Arles. An tsarkake shi a birnin Paris ta hanyar Bishop Gobel, Miroudot da Gouttes. Ya ji daɗin rayuwar jama'a ta Marseille, amma bayan kisan Louis na XVI a ranar 21 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1793, Roux ya shiga cikin masu adawa da juyin juya hali. Lokacin da sojojin Yarjejeniyar suka mamaye Marseille, sai ya gudu zuwa Aix. An kama shi kuma an ɗaure shi a ranar 20 ga Satumba; an kai shi Marseille, inda ya fuskanci kotun juyin juya halin da ta yanke masa hukuncin kisa. An kashe shi a ranar 5 ga Afrilu 1794.

### Babban cocin
Paparoma Pius XII ya ɗaga diocese zuwa matakin Archdiocese a ranar 31 ga Janairun 1948. Masu sufragans na archdiocese sune: Archdiocese na Aix, Diocese na Ajaccio, Archdiocese na Avignon, Diocese na Digne, Diocense na Fréjus-Toulon, Diocese na Gap, da Diocese na Nice .

A cikin 'yan kwanakin nan Archdiocese na Marseille ya sha wahala daga karancin firistoci, duk da cewa yana da rahoton yawan Katolika sama da 700,000 ba a naɗa firist ɗaya a cikin 2018 ko 2019.

## Bishops da Archbishops na Marseille

### zuwa 1000
 

### 1000–1500
  

### Archbishops na Marseille tun 1948

* Marc-Armand Lallier (28 Satumba 1956 - 26 Agusta 1966) 
* Georges Jacquot (1 ga Nuwamba 1966 - 25 ga Satumba 1970) 
* Kadanal Roger Etchegaray (22 Disamba 1970 - 13 Afrilu 1985) 
* Kadanal Robert Coffy (13 Afrilu 1985 - 22 Afrilu 1995) 
* Kadanal Bernard Panafieu (22 Afrilu 1995 - 12 Mayu 2006) 
* George Pontier (12 ga Mayu 2006 - 8 ga Agusta 2019) 
* Kadanal Jean-Marc Aveline (8 ga watan Agusta 2019  -) 

## Dubi kuma

* Cocin Katolika a Faransa
* Cocin Saint-Joseph (Marseille) 
* Jerin diocese na Katolika a Faransa
* Maurice Dubourg

## Manazarta