open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
David Oliver Cauldwell

**David Oliver Cauldwell** (17 ga Yuni, 1897 - Agusta 30, 1959) ƙwararren masanin ilimin jima'i ne kuma majagaba, wanda ya ƙirƙira kalmar transsexual kamar yadda aka yi amfani da shi a ma'anarta na yanzu.      Yawancin litattafansa game da jima'i, ilimin halin dan Adam, ko lafiya Emanuel Haldeman-Julius ne ya buga su a cikin nau'ikan Big Blue Books . Shi ne editan sashen tambaya da amsa mujallar Sexology.  Cauldwell da Harry Benjamin sun kasance "muryoyin farko da mahimmancin Amurkawa game da jima'i". 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Cauldwell a ranar 17 ga Yuni, 1897, a Cleveland, Ohio, ga Gilbert Cauldwell, likitan fiɗa; da kuma Virginia Oliver-Wright.   Cauldwell ya ba da rahoton kansa cewa yana da sha'awar ilimin jima'i tun yana yaro. Ya karanta likitanci a Chester College of Medicine and Surgery (daga baya ya haɗu da Jami'ar Loyola Chicago ) kuma a Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México .  Bayan shekaru da yawa a matsayin babban likita mai zaman kansa, Cauldwell ya zama Mataimakin Jami'in Kiwon Lafiya na Sashen Yaki, kuma a matsayin likitan tiyata na Sojoji, kuma ya zama neuro - psychiatrist na Sashen War. A cikin 1945, Cauldwell ya ƙare aikin aiki don zama marubuci akan batutuwan kiwon lafiya, musamman ilimin jima'i. 

A cikin 1949, ya yi amfani da kalmar transsexual a cikin rubutunsa *Psychopathia Transexualis* don bayyana mutanen da aka sanya jima'i a lokacin haihuwa ya bambanta da asalin jinsinsu .    Cauldwell ya bambanta "jima'i na halitta" daga "jima'i na ilimin halin dan Adam", kuma ya ga karshen kamar yadda aka ƙaddara ta hanyar zamantakewa. Ya musanta cewa akwai hanyoyin tunani da ke da alaƙa da ilimin halittar namiji ko mace. Da farko saboda wannan ra'ayi na *jinsi* a matsayin filastik, na biyu kuma saboda ƙarancin kimiyyar likitanci, ya ɗauki tiyatar sake fasalin jima'i a matsayin martanin da ba za a yarda da shi ba ga jima'i, kuma a maimakon haka ya ba da shawarar cewa a kula da shi a matsayin rashin hankali. Duk da imaninsa cewa jima'i ya samo asali ne daga "yanayin yara mara kyau",  ya ba da shawarar yarda da liwadi da transvestism. 

## Manazarta
Mansour Faye

**Mansour Faye** (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga watan Mayu, 1965) ya Kasance ɗan siyasan Kasar Senegal ne. A lokacin zaben kananan hukumomi a watan Yunin shekarar 2014, an zabe shi magajin gari na Saint-Louis . A shekarar 2014, an nada shi a matsayin Ministan Hydraulics da Sanitation a cikin Ma'aikatar Dionne  .   A shekarar 2015, ya zama mataimakin shugaban kwamitin duniya mai girma kan ruwa da zaman lafiya. An sake zabarsa a matsayin magajin gari a Zaben kananan hukumomi na shekarar 2022.

Ya kuma kasance Ministan gyaran gari , Tafiyetafiye na Kasa da Opening Up a cikin Gwamnatin Sall ta huɗu.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Madior Diouf

**Madior Diouf** (1939 - 23 ga watan Janairun, 2025)ya kasance ɗan siyasan Senegal ne a jam'iyyar National Democratic Rally (RND). 

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haife shi a  a shekarar 1939, Diouf ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa a fannin adabi a Jami'ar Cheikh Anta Diop . A karkashin gwamnatin Firayim Minista Moustapha Niasse ta biyu, ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Ilimi Mafi Girma. Ya kuma kasance dan takarar RND a Zaben shugaban kasa na Senegal na 1993, inda ya samu kashi 0.97% na kuri'un.

Diouf ya mutu ne a Dakar a ranar 23 ga watan Janairun, shekarar 2025, ya mutu Yana da shekaru 85. 

## Littattafai

* *Fahimtar Véhi-Ciosane da Dokar Ousmane Sembène* (1986) 
* Mai sukar wani aiki: Nini, mulâtresse du Sénégal, na Abdoulaye Sadji (1990) 
* *Al'adar Sereer* (1990) 
* Halin Sereer a cikin shekaru: Al'adun Sereer daga jiya zuwa gobe (1991) 

## Inda Aka Bayanan da aka ambata
Abdoulaye Diouf sarr

**Abdoulaye Diouf Sarr** (an haife shi a karni na 20) ya kasance ɗan siyasan Kasar Senegal ne . 

## Ayyukan siyasa
Ya kasance Ministan Lafiya har sai da Shugaba Macky Sall ya kore shi a ranar 26 ga watan Mayun 2022, biyo bayan gobarar asibiti da ta kashe jarirai hat  11 a birnin Tivaouane .  Marie Khemesse Ngom Ndiaye ce ta maye gurbinsa.

## Manazarta
Giorgio De Lullo

**Giorgio De Lullo** (24 Afrilu 1921 - 10 Yuli 1981) ɗan wasan Italiya ne kuma darektan mataki.

An haife shi a Roma, a cikin 1943 De Lullo ya shiga makarantar Silvio d'Amico Academy of Dramatic Arts, amma bayan shekaru biyu an tilasta masa barin kwasa-kwasan kamar yadda ya saba wa ka'idojin ilimi mai tsauri da ke bayyana a cikin aikin mataki da Mario Landi ya jagoranta kuma aka gudanar a Teatro Manzoni a Milan .  A wannan shekarar ya sami babban yabo saboda rawar da ya taka a *Il Candeliere* wanda Orazio Costa ya jagoranta .  A cikin 1946 ya fara fim ɗin sa na farko, kuma ya yi aiki a kan mataki tare da Luchino Visconti, wanda ya yi haɗin gwiwa sosai a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.  A cikin 1954 De Lullo ya kafa kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo "La compagnia dei giovani" tare da Rossella Falk, Anna Maria Guarnieri, Romolo Valli da Umberto Orsini, kuma kamfanin ya sami nasara na kasa da kasa.  Ya yi muhawara a matsayin darektan mataki a 1955, tare da daidaitawar Colette's *Gigi* .  Ya mutu da ciwon sirhosis . 

## Manazarta
Dagoberto Shirin

**Dagoberto Planos Despaigne** (Yuni 1956 - 3 Maris 2021) mawaƙin Cuban ne. Ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan mawakan kungiyar makada ta Karachi. Ya mutu daga cirrhosis .  

## Manazarta
George Mkuchika

**George Huruma Mkuchika** (An haife shi a ranar 6 ga watan Oktoban, shekara ta 1948) ya kanceb ɗan siyasan CCM ne na Kasar Tanzania kuma memba na majalisar dokoki na mazabar Newala . Shi ne Ministan Jiha na yanzu a Ofishin Shugaban kasa (aiki na musamman). 

## Manazarta
Pindi Chana

**Pindi Hazara Chana** (an haife ta a ranar 24 ga watan janairun, shekarar 1974) 'yar siyasar CCM ce ta Kasar Tanzaniya kuma memba ce ta musamman Dan majalisa tun shekarar 2010.  A watan Janairun, shekarar 2022 ta fara aikinta na majalisa a matsayin Ministan Jiha (Masu, Harkokin Majalisar, Kwadago, Matasa, Aiki da Mutanen da ke da nakasa) a Ofishin Firayim Minista. Bayan sake sake fasalin karamin majalisa a ranar 31 ga watan Maris, din 2022 Chana ta hau ofishin Ma'aikatar albarkatun kasa da yawon bude ido. Ta musayar mukamai tare da Mohamed Mchengerwa biyo bayan wani canjin majalisar ministoci a matsayin sabon Ministan Al'adu, Fasaha da Wasanni a watan Fabrairun 2023.

Har ila yau a ranar 1 ga watan Satumbar shekarar 2023 a cikin babban majalisa na uku na Samia Suluhu Hassan, ta musayar dockets tare da Damas Ndumbaro a matsayin sabon Ministan Tsarin Mulki da Harkokin Shari'a. 

## Manazarta
Eliezer Feleshi

Farfesa **Eliezer Mbuki Feleshi** ya kasance Babban Lauyan Kasar Tanzania na yanzu kuma shi ne Babban me Shari'a na 10 na Kasar Tanzania tun bayan samun 'yancin kai a shekarar 1961.  An nada shi a matsayin sabon Babban Lauyan bayan sake fasalin majalisar Suluhu a watan Satumbar, shekarar 2021. Kafin ya zama Babban Lauyan, Dokta Feleshi ya kasance babban alƙali ne a Babban Kotun Tanzania tun daga shekarar 2018.

## Manazarta
Hamad Masauni

**Hamad Yussuf Masauni** (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga watan Oktobar ,1973) ya Kasance ɗan siyasan CCM ne na Kasar Tanzaniya kuma ya kasance memba ne na majalisar dokoki na mazabar Kikwajuni tun shekarar 2010.  A ranar 10 ga watan Janairun, shekarar 2022, an rantsar da shi a matsayin sabon Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida.

## Manazarta
Gerson Lwenge

**Gerson Hosea Malangalila Lwenge** (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1951) ɗan siyasan CCM ne na Kasar Tanzaniya kuma memba ne na majalisar dokoki na mazabar Njombe West tun a shekarar  2010. 

## Manazarta
Abdallah Ulega

**Abdallah Hamis Ulega** (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga watan Satumbar, shekarar 1979)Ya kasance ɗan siyasan Tanzania ne kuma memba ne na jam'iyyar siyasa ta Chama Cha Mapinduzi .  An zabe shi a matsayin dan majalisa wanda ke wakiltar Mkuranga a shekarar 2015.  Ulega ta kasance Mataimakiyar Ministan Dabbobi da Kifi kuma an inganta ta a watan Fabrairun, shekarar 2023 a matsayin Minista.

## Manazarta
Jihar Tiga

**Jihar Tiga** jiha ce da aka tsara a Najeriya wacce za a sassaƙa ta daga Jihar Kano da ke akwai. Halitta wannan jiha ya kasance batun tattaunawa ta siyasa da kuma kokarin majalisa.

## Tarihi
Yunkurin kirkirar Jihar Tiga ya kasance mai aiki sama da shekaru 40, tare da masu goyon baya suna jayayya cewa raba Jihar Kano zai hanzarta ci gaba saboda girmansa da yawan jama'arta. Jihar da aka gabatar wani bangare ne na wani yunkuri mai zurfi don ƙirƙirar ƙarin jihohi a Najeriya, tare da kungiyoyi daban-daban da ke ba da shawara ga sababbin jihohi a duk faɗin ƙasar.

## Tsarin doka
A watan Yulin 2024, Sanata Kawu Suleiman Abdurrahman, wanda ke wakiltar Kano ta Kudu, ya gabatar da lissafin a Majalisar Dattijan Najeriya mai taken "Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Tarayyar Najeriya, 1999 (Guguwa) Halitta da Dokar Jihar Tiga, 2024 (SB.523) ". Kudin ya fara karatun sa na farko a ranar 10 ga Yuli, 2024.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Isack Aloyce Kamwelwe

**Isack Aloyce Kamwelwe** (an haife shi a ranar 30 ga watan Afrilu, shekarar 1956) ɗan siyasan Tanzania ne kuma memba ne na jam'iyyar siyasa ta Chama Cha Mapinduzi .  An zabe shi a matsayin dan majalisa wanda ke wakiltar Katavi a shekarar 2015. Shi ne kuma Ministan Sufuri na Kasar Tanzania.

## Manazarta
Cire-cire na iri

**Citrus iri tsantsa** (GSE), kuma aka sani da **citrus iri tsantsa**, wani ruwa tsantsa samu daga tsaba, ɓangaren litattafan almara, da farin membranes na innabi .  Ana shirya GSE ta hanyar niƙa ƙwayar innabi da ɓangaren litattafan almara mara ruwan 'ya'yan itace, sannan a haɗa shi da glycerin .  GSEs na kasuwanci da ake sayar wa masu amfani ana yin su ne daga iri, ɓangaren litattafan almara, da glycerin da aka haɗe tare.  Ana sayar da GSE azaman kari na abinci kuma ana amfani dashi a cikin kayan kwalliya . 

## Tarihin 'ya'yan inabi
Itacen innabi itace bishiyar citrus na wurare masu zafi da aka girma don ' ya'yan itacen da aka fara kiranta da " 'ya'yan itacen da aka haramta " na Barbados .  An fara rubuta 'ya'yan itacen a cikin 1750 ta Rev. Griffith Hughes lokacin da yake kwatanta samfurori daga Barbados.  Ana iya amfani da dukkan sassan 'ya'yan itacen. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne yafi cinyewa don tangy ruwan 'ya'yan itace .  Ana iya sarrafa kwas ɗin zuwa mai aromatherapy  kuma shine tushen fiber na abinci .  Iri da ɓangaren litattafan almara, a matsayin samfuran masana'antar ruwan 'ya'yan itace, ana dawo da su don sarrafa GSE  ko kuma ana sayar da su azaman abincin shanu . 

## Manazarta
Cirewar iri

**Cire iri innabi** asalin masana'antu ne na dukkanin innabi . Cire (GSPE) ya ƙunshi proanthocyanidins .  Ana auna ingancin tsantsar irin inabi ta hanyar abun ciki na procyanidins waɗanda aka samo su daga proanthocyanidins.  Gabaɗaya, ingancin cire nau'in innabi ya ƙunshi 95% procyanidins, amma ƙarfin ya bambanta tsakanin samfuran.  Cin abinci ko abin sha mai yawa a cikin procyanidin yana haifar da jin daɗi a cikin baki. 

## Hanyar cirewa
Abubuwan da ake fitar da iri na inabin sun dogara ne akan tsarin hakowar da ake amfani da su don samunsa da kuma yadda aka shuka inabin. Hanyar gargajiya ta haɗa da haɓakawa tare da abubuwan kaushi na halitta kamar acetone, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, da methanol .  An yi amfani da wasu hanyoyin da ake amfani da ruwan zafi, amma ba su da tasiri wajen haɓaka samar da kayan aiki a cikin yawa da inganci. Babban aikin chromatography na ruwa yana da alama shine mafi inganci bincike tare da proton NMR spectroscopy tare da babban bincike na ɓangaren don tabbatar da ingantaccen abun ciki. 

## Manazarta
Man fetur na Haarlem

**Man Haarlem** (Yaren Dutch   ), wanda kuma ake kira **medicamentum gratia probatum**, kari ne na abinci . Potion shine cakuda sulfur,  ganye da mai terebinth .  An samar da shi a Haarlem, Netherlands .

Kalmar *haarlemmerolie* (tare da ƙaramar 'h') yanzu ana amfani da ita a cikin Yaren mutanen Holland don nuna gyara ga duk matsaloli. Misali: "Rage haraji zai zama kamar haarlemmerolie ga tattalin arziki". Hakanan ana amfani da wannan ta hanyar ba'a. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Manazarta
Hadacol

**Hadacol** magani ne na haƙƙin mallaka wanda aka sayar dashi azaman ƙarin bitamin. Babban abin jan hankalinsa, duk da haka, shi ne cewa yana ɗauke da barasa kashi 12 cikin ɗari (wanda aka jera akan alamar kwalbar tonic a matsayin "mai kiyayewa"), wanda ya sa ya shahara sosai a yankunan busassun Kudancin Amurka. Ya samo asali ne daga Sanata Dudley J. LeBlanc na jihar Louisiana na wa'adi hudu, dan Democrat daga Erath a Vermilion Parish a kudu maso yammacin Louisiana. Shi ba likita ba ne, kuma ba masanin harhada magunguna ba ne, amma yana da hazaka mai karfi don tallata kansa. Mujallar *[[Time (magazine)|Time]]* ta taba kwatanta shi a matsayin "mai siyar da iska mai iska wanda ya san duk wani canji mai ban tsoro a cikin cinikin ƙwanƙwasa". 

## Manazarta
HeightMax

**HeightMax Concentrate** da **HeightMax Plus** an yi zargin cewa kwayoyi masu haɓaka tsayi- tsawo ga yara da matasa waɗanda Sunny Health Nutrition Technology & Products, Inc. Hukumar Ciniki ta Tarayya ta shigar da ƙara a kan kamfanin da mai shi, wanda ya kai ga dakatar da samfurin kuma an biya tarar.

A ranar 21 ga Nuwamba, 2006, Hukumar Ciniki ta Tarayya (FTC) ta shigar da korafi a kan Sunny Health Nutrition Technology & Products, Inc. da mai shi, Sunny Sia, suna tuhumar wadanda ake tuhuma da yin ikirarin karya da ba a tabbatar da shi ba don HeightMax Concentrate da HeightMax Plus, da kuma wasu kari biyu, Lip Ultra Chitosan Fat Blocker da Osteo-Vite.  Kotu ta FTC ta zargi cewa da'awar maganin ba a tabbatar da shi ba ko kuma karya kuma wadanda ake tuhuma sun kirkiro William Thomson, masanin da ake tsammani wanda ya bayyana a cikin tallace-tallace. A cewar korafin, tallace-tallace na HeightMax Concentrate da HeightMax Plus sun nuna cewa:
Hemp protein

**Furotin hemp** furotin ne wanda aka samo daga shuka daga shukar cannabis kuma an keɓe shi daga tsaba na hemp (nau'in goro ).  

Abubuwan da ke cikin furotin na dukan tsaba na hemp na iya bambanta tsakanin 20 zuwa 25% dangane da iri-iri da abubuwan muhalli.   Hanyoyin sarrafawa kamar dehulling ko cire ɓangarorin mai na iya ƙara haɓakar furotin a cikin samfura kamar nau'in da aka yanke ko abincin hemp zuwa sama da 50%.
Herb-induced liver injury

**Raunin hanta da ke haifar da ganye** (HILI) wani nau'i ne na raunin hanta da ke haifar da muggan ƙwayoyi ta hanyar magungunan ganye, yawanci kari na ganye ko ethnomedicines na tushen ganye.

## Manazarta
Herbal viagra

**Herbal viagra** samfuri ne na ganye wanda aka tallata shi azaman maganin tabarbarewa .  Yawancin kayayyaki daban-daban ana tallata su azaman ta hanyar ganye, amma tare da abubuwa daban-daban. Babu wani gwaji na asibiti ko binciken kimiyya da ke goyan bayan ingancin kowane ɗayan waɗannan sinadarai don magance tabarbarewar mazakuta kuma an gano wasu samfuran suna ɗauke da magunguna da sauran mazinata, kuma sun kasance batun gargaɗin FDA da FTC da matakan cire su daga kasuwa. 

## Manazarta
Ƙarin Gummy

**Kariyar gummy**, sune abubuwan da ake buƙata na abinci waɗanda aka kawo azaman samfuran gummy-candy, waɗanda galibi sun ƙunshi bitamin .   Ana amfani da su sau da yawa azaman madadin daɗaɗɗa ga sauran abubuwan kari.

**Kariyar gummy**, sune abubuwan da ake buƙata na abinci waɗanda aka kawo azaman samfuran gummy-candy, waɗanda galibi sun ƙunshi bitamin .   Ana amfani da su sau da yawa azaman madadin daɗaɗɗa ga sauran abubuwan kari. kayan kariyar gummy ya bambanta da iri, amma ana iya la'akari da kwatankwacin farashin irin wannan kari. 

Kasuwar kariyar gummy tana haɓaka cikin sauri, wanda ke haifar da haɓaka wayar da kan jama'a game da kulawar rigakafi, hauhawar yanayin rashin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa da haɓakar sabbin kayayyaki daga manyan kamfanonin harhada magunguna na gargajiya, da kuma sabbin farawa. 

An kiyasta tallace-tallacen duniya na bitamin gummy a cikin 2022 ya haura dalar Amurka biliyan 7,  tare da wasu majiyoyi suna hasashen haɓakar dalar Amurka biliyan 42 nan da 2030. 

## Manazarta
Jinin zuma

**Fakitin zuma** wani kariyar abinci ne na tushen zuma da ake siyar dashi a cikin buhuna guda ɗaya, wanda aka sayar da shi da farko don sha'awar namiji da kuma juriya .  Masana kiwon lafiya sun yi Allah wadai da samfurin game da batutuwan lafiya da rikitarwa. 

## Manazarta
Hydrolysate

**Hydrolyzate** yana nufin kowane samfurin hydrolysis . Protein hydrolyzate yana da aikace-aikace na musamman a cikin maganin wasanni saboda amfani da shi yana ba da damar amino acid da jiki ya sha da sauri fiye da sunadaran gina jiki, don haka yana haɓaka isar da abinci mai gina jiki zuwa kyallen takarda.  Hakanan ana amfani dashi a cikin masana'antar fasahar kere kere azaman kari ga al'adun tantanin halitta .  A cikin Disamba 2013 edition na *International Journal of Food Science and Technology*, an nuna hydrolyzate yana da wadata a cikin L-aspartic acid da ma'adanai masu mahimmanci ma
Hydroxycut

**Hydroxycut** alama ce ta kari na abinci wanda aka sayar azaman taimakon asarar nauyi . Hydroxycut an samo asali ne ta hanyar MuscleTech Research and Development; An sayar da MuscleTech zuwa Kimiyyar Lafiya ta Iovate a cikin 2003-2004 kuma ta bayyana fatarar kudi a cikin 2005; Iovate ya ci gaba da amfani da MuscleTech azaman alama don tallata Hydroxycut.
Inositol nicotinate

**Inositol nicotinate**, kuma aka sani da **inositol hexanicotinate** ko **inositol hexaniacinate**, wani fili ne na niacin (bitamin B3) da inositol . Ana sayar da shi a cikin Amurka a matsayin nau'in niacin "ba-ruwa" a cikin abubuwan da ake ci. 

## Manazarta
Isomaltooligosaccharide

**Isomaltooligosaccharides** ( **IMO** ) wani cakuda ne na gajeriyar sarkar carbohydrates wanda ke da kaddarorin da ke jurewa narkewa. Ana samun IMO ta dabi'a a wasu abinci, haka kuma ana yin ta ta hanyar kasuwanci. Danyen kayan da ake amfani da shi don masana'antar IMO shine sitaci, wanda aka canza ta hanyar enzymatic zuwa cakuda isomaltooligosaccharides.

## Manazarta
Mai na Krill

**Man Krill** wani tsantsa ne da aka shirya daga nau'in krill Antarctic, *[[Karrill na Antarctic|Euphausia superba]]* . Ana sayar da man krill da aka sarrafa akai-akai azaman kari na abinci . Abubuwa biyu na man krill sune omega-3 fatty acids kama da waɗanda ke cikin man kifi, da kuma phospholipid-derived fatty acids (PLFA), galibi phosphatidylcholine (wanda ake magana da shi azaman lecithin na ruwa ).  Kamun kifi don krill inda a baya aka mayar da hankali kan rayuwar ruwa na matakin trophic mafi girma misali ne na kamun kifi a gidan yanar gizon abinci .

## Manazarta
Lactagen

**Lactagen** wani kari ne na abinci mai gina jiki wanda Ritter Pharmaceuticals ya samar wanda ya yi iƙirarin rage alamun rashin haƙuri na lactose . A cikin 2011, Ritter Pharmaceuticals sun daina siyar da Lactagen, da sauran abubuwan da ake buƙata na abinci, don neman amincewar FDA don maganin rashin haƙƙin lactose. da aka ce Lactagen za su sauƙaƙa sun haɗa da kumburi, gas, gudawa, da ciwon ciki waɗanda ke da alaƙa da alamun rashin haƙuri na lactose.  Lactagen foda ne da aka sha da ruwa ko ruwan 'ya'yan itace a cikin adadin da aka samu na tsawon kwanaki 38. Mai sana'anta yayi iƙirarin cewa cakuda prebiotics da probiotics za su sauƙaƙa duk alamun har abada ga takwas cikin masu amfani da goma. Masana ilimin gastroenterologists sun ba da shawarar cewa Lactagen na iya sauƙaƙa alamun rashin haƙuri na lactose, amma taimako bazai zama dindindin ba. 

## Manazarta
Levilactobacillus brevis

***Levilactobacillus brevis*** shine gram-tabbatacce, nau'in sanda na kwayoyin lactic acid wanda shine heterofermentative, ƙirƙirar CO 2, lactic acid da acetic acid ko ethanol a lokacin fermentation. *L. brevis* shine nau'in nau'in nau'in jinsin *Levilactobacillus* (wanda ya gabata rukunin *L. brevis* ), wanda ya ƙunshi nau'ikan 24. http://www.lactobacillus.ualberta.ca/ http://www.lactobacillus.uantwerpen.be/   Ana iya samunsa a wurare daban-daban, kamar abinci mai datti, da kuma microbiota na al'ada. Ana samun *L. brevis* a cikin abinci irin su sauerkraut da pickles . Har ila yau, yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da lalacewar giya . An nuna cin abinci don inganta aikin rigakafi na ɗan adam, kuma an ba da izini sau da yawa. Al'ada gut microbiota *L. brevis* ana samunsa a cikin hanjin mutum, farji, da najasa .

*L. brevis* yana daya daga cikin manyan lactobacilli da aka samo a cikin hatsi na tibicos, ana amfani da su don yin kefir, amma nau'in *Lentilactobacillus* suna da alhakin samar da polysaccharide ( dextran da kefiran) wanda ke samar da hatsi.  Manyan metabolites na *L. brevis* sun haɗa da lactic acid da ethanol . An gano nau'ikan *L. brevis* da *L. hilgardii* don samar da amines amines tyramine da phenylethylamine .

## Manazarta
Klamath Lake AFA

**Klamath Lake Blue Green Algae** da **Klamath AFA** ( *Aphanizomenon flos-aquae MDT14a* ), nau'in *[[Aphanizomenon flos-aquae]] ne.* Ana iya samun ƙananan adadin wannan cyanobacteria a jikin ruwa a duniya,  amma sananne ne don girma sosai a Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon . Klamath AFA algae ne mai shuɗi-kore wanda aka girbe daji daga Tafkin Upper Klamath tun shekarun 1980 kuma ana amfani dashi azaman kari na abinci.  

Sequencing Genome ya bambanta kuma ya sanya wa wannan keɓewa suna *Aphanizomenon flos-aquae MDT14a*,   ya bambanta da sauran nau'ikan *Aphanizomenon flos-aquae* . *Aphanizomenon flos-aquae* an bi da shi a tarihi azaman nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau‘in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau‘in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau‘in zobe), amma fasahar kwayoyin halitta tana nuna babban bambancin dake cikin rukunin, tare da a kalla 18 daban-daban genomes  da aka gano kuma mai yiwuwa sama da 100 suna jiran rarrabuwa. 

## Manazarta
Lingzhi (mushroom)

**Lingzhi** ( ***Ganoderma sichuanense*** ), wanda kuma aka sani da **reishi**, naman gwari ne na polypore ("manyan naman gwari") wanda ya fito daga Gabashin Asiya na asalin *[[Ganoderma]]* . launin ruwan sa, mai fenti, hula mai siffar koda tare da makada da karan sa na gefe yana ba shi siffa mai kama da fan . Lokacin sabo, lingzhi yana da laushi, mai kama da abin togi, kuma lebur. Ba shi da gills a ƙarƙashinsa, kuma a maimakon haka yana fitar da ɓangarorin sa ta hanyar ƙorafi masu kyau (80-120 μm) a cikin launin rawaya. 

## Manazarta
Magnesium glycinate

**Magnesium glycinate**, kuma aka sani da **magnesium diglycinate** ko **magnesium bisglycinate**, shine gishirin magnesium na glycinate . Ana sayar da fili a matsayin kari na abinci .   Ya ƙunshi 14.1% elemental magnesium ta taro.

Magnesium glycinate kuma sau da yawa ana "buffer" tare da magnesium oxide amma kuma yana samuwa a cikin tsantsar magnesium glycinate  .

## Manazarta
Packy Axton

**Charles Everett "Packy" Axton** (17 ga Fabrairu, 1941 - Janairu 20, 1974)  ya kasance ɗan wasan raye-raye na Amurka da blues tenor saxophone da bandleader, wanda ya kasance memba na Mar-keys kuma daga baya Packers .

## Rayuwar farko
Charles Everett "Packy" Axton  an haife shi a Memphis, Tennessee,  ɗan Everett da Estelle Axton . Estelle Axton da ɗan'uwanta, Jim Stewart, sune suka kafa Stax Records .  Ya sauke karatu daga Messick High School a 1959. 

## Sana'a
A shekara ta 1959, Packy Axton ya zama memba na Royal Spades, ƙungiyar da Steve Cropper ya kafa, Donald "Duck" Dunn, Charlie Freeman da Terry Johnson, wanda ya fadada ya haɗa da ɓangaren ƙaho wanda ya ƙunshi Axton, Don Nix, da Wayne Jackson . A cikin shekarar 1961, sun sake suna Mar-Keys kuma sun sami babbar nasara tare da " Dare na ƙarshe " (lamba 3 akan *Billboard* Hot 100, lamba 2 akan ginshiƙi na R&amp;amp;B ). Axton, Cropper da Jackson sune kawai mambobi na ƙungiyar don yin rikodin; sauran sassan mawakan zaman ne suka buga.

Makullin Mar-keys da sauri sun karye zuwa cikin ƙungiyoyi guda biyu daidai gwargwado; Maɓallan Mar-keys waɗanda suka ci gaba da yin rikodi a cikin ɗakin studio da sakin kayan akan Stax galibi sun kasance nau'ikan mawaƙa na mabambanta ga Mar-keys waɗanda suka buga wasan raye-raye. Bayan Cropper ya bar rukunin raye-raye a cikin 1961, ba da daɗewa ba Dunn ya biyo baya, Axton ya zama ingantaccen jagora na rayuwar Mar-keys. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mawaƙin zama a Stax, yana aiki tare da ɗakin studio Mar-keys (ciki har da Cropper da Dunn) bisa ga ka'ida. Axton ya bar Memphis-ya yanke dangantakarsa da Mar-keys-a cikin 1965 don ya zauna a Los Angeles, an ruwaito bayan jerin rashin jituwa tare da Jim Stewart.
Shari'a Ƙari

**Juice Plus** shine sahararren layin kari na abinci . An samar da shi ta Natural Alternatives International na San Marcos, California, don **Abokan** **Tsaro na Ƙasa** ( **NSA** ; Collierville, Tennessee ). An gabatar da shi a cikin 1993,  ana rarraba kari ta hanyar NSA ta hanyar tallace-tallace masu yawa . Kayayyakin Juice Plus sun ƙunshi ruwan 'ya'yan itace da kayan marmari tare da ƙarin bitamin da 

Daga baya NSA ta fadada kasuwancinta a wajen Amurka, kuma a cewar kamfanin, yana sayar da kayayyaki a kasashe 33 tun daga shekarar 

## Manazarta
Magnesium L-threonate

**Magnesium <small>L</small> -threonate** shine gishirin magnesium na L - threonic acid yana da tsari Mg (C 4 H 7 O 5 ) 2 . 

## manazarta
Magnesium malate

**Magnesium malate**, gishiri na magnesium na malic acid, shine ƙarin ma'adinan ma'adinai sau da yawa ana amfani dashi don damuwa da abinci. Ana wakilta shi da tsarin sinadarai C4H4MgO5  kuma yana da nauyin kwayoyin halitta na 156.376 g/mol. Magnesium malate an tattauna a matsayin mafi bioavailable nau'i na magnesium, tare da sauran siffofin kamar citrate da glycinate . 

## Manazarta
Cutar furen teku

**Maritime Pine haushi tsantsa** ne tsantsa daga haushi na *[[Pinus pinaster]]* wanda ake amfani da matsayin abin da ake ci kari . Ya ƙunshi mafi yawan proanthocyanidins .  **Pycnogenol** sunan kasuwanci ne don daidaitaccen shiri wanda ya ƙunshi 70% procyanidins .

## Manazarta
Adansi South District

**Gundumar Adansi ta Kudu** ɗaya ce daga cikin gundumomi arba'in da uku a yankin Ashanti, Ghana . Asali an ƙirƙira shi daga sassan tsoffin gundumomi biyu a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 2004: **[[Adansi West District|Gundumar Adansi Yamma]]** da **[[Adansi East District|Gundumar Adansi Gabas]]** ; Don haka sauran sassan sun shiga cikin sassan **[[Obuasi Municipal District|gundumar Obuasi]]** da kuma **[[Gundumar arewa Adansi|gundumar Adansi ta Arewa]]** bi da bi. A ranar 15 ga Maris 2018, an raba yankin yammacin gundumar don ƙirƙirar **[[Akrofuom District|gundumar Akrofuom]]** . Majalisar gundumar ita ce yankin kudu mafi kusa da yankin Ashanti kuma tana da Sabuwar Edubiase a matsayin babban birninta.

## Yanayin ƙasa
Gundumar Adansi ta Kudu ta kasance gaba ɗaya a cikin gandun daji.

## Tattalin Arziki
Gundumar ta ƙunshi wuraren ajiyar gandun daji guda takwas. Katako mai tsayi babban kayan gundumar ne. Yana cikin rikodin zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren samar da koko a Ghana. Daga cikin amfanin gona da aka shuka a Adansi ta Kudu akwai , cocoyams, shinkafa. Har ila yau, gandun daji yana samar da signa da kaza

## Yawon shakatawa
Yankin ya shahara ne ga Yawon shakatawa na muhalli, wanda ke dauke da magudanan ruwa da tsaunuka masu yawa.

## Manazarta
Uwaye na Ƙirƙira (podcast)

***Uwaye na Ƙirƙira*** faifan bidiyo ne wanda tsohuwar Shugabar Ireland Mary Robinson, ɗan wasan barkwanci Maeve Higgins da mai gabatar da shirye-shirye Thimali Kodikara suka shirya. Kamfanin DocSociety ne ya samar da shi.   Podcast ɗin da aka yi muhawara akan 23 Yuli 2018  kuma ya zuwa yanzu yana gudana har tsawon yanayi uku.  Podcast  yana mai da hankali kan haɗin kai tsakanin canjin yanayi da mata, bincika ra'ayin cewa sauyin yanayi matsala ce ta mutum tare da mafita na mata.  

## Bayani game da abubuwan da suka faru
Kowane labari na kwasfan fayiloli yana nuna baƙo wanda ke gwagwarmaya don Adalci na yanayi. Baƙon farko shi ne Tessa Khan, lauya ce ta Bangladesh-Australia wacce ta ƙware a Shari'ar canjin yanayi. Baƙi na gaba sun haɗa da masanin ilimin halittu na ruwa da masanin manufofin muhalli Ayana Elizabeth Johnson; Sara Tekola, mai fafutukar Black Lives Matter da ke gudanar da PhD a kimiyyar yanayi,   mai fafutuka na muhalli da masanin yanayin ƙasa Hindu Oumarou Ibrahim  da Sanata na Amurka Bernie Sanders.

## Sauran shirye-shirye
A cikin 2020 ƙungiyar samar da Mothers of Invention ta ƙaddamar da Shirin Yanayi, wani shiri don nuna aikin Black, Brown, Asiya, Mutanen Launi da Mutanen asalin Burtaniya waɗanda suka kasance masana kan yanayi, masu fafutuka da masu ba da shawara da ke zaune da aiki a Burtaniya. Aikin ya sami tallafi daga Gidauniyar Joseph Rowntree da Gidauniwar Solberga . 

## Manazarta
David Archer (masanin kimiyya)

**David Edward Archer** (an haife shi a watan Satumba 15, shekara ta1960) masanin kimiyyar ilimin teku ne,  kuma ya kasance farfesa a sashen Kimiyyar Geophysical a Jami'ar Chicago tun daga 1993.  Ya buga bincike kan zagayowar carbon na teku da benen teku . Ya yi aiki a kan tarihin yanayi CO2 maida hankali, da tsammanin burbushin man fetur CO  a kan geologic lokacin ma'auni a nan gaba, da kuma tasirin CO  a nan gaba kankara hawan hawan keke, methane hydrate bazuwar teku, da murjani reefs .  Archer shine mai ba da gudummawa ga RealClimate blog. 

## Ayyukan koyarwa
Yana koyar da darussan kan dumama duniya, ilmin sunadarai na muhalli, da kuma yanayin yanayin ƙasa na duniya. Shi ne marubucin Global Warming: Understanding the Forecast, wani littafi na gabatarwa game da kimiyyar muhalli ga wadanda ba su da digiri na kimiyya. Ya sami lambar yabo ta Quantrell don Kyakkyawan Koyarwa a Kwalejin . 

## Ilimi
Ya sami Ph.D. daga Jami'ar Washington a shekarar 1990.

## Littattafai

* Tsarin Carbon na Duniya (Princeton Primers a cikin Yanayi), Tsarin Carbon na duniya (Princett Primers a Yanayi) 
* The Warming Papers: Gidauniyar Kimiyya don Hasashen Canjin Yanayi, 2010, an shirya shi tare da Raymond Pierrehumbert,  , shafuka 432
* The Long Thaw: Yadda Mutane ke Canja Shekaru 100,000 na Gaba na Yanayin Duniya, 2008,  , shafuka 192
* *Rikicin Yanayi: Jagora na Gabatarwa ga Canjin Yanayi*, 2010,  , shafuka 260.
* Warming na Duniya: Fahimtar Hasashen, 2006,  , shafuka 208

## Manazarta
Rashin gumi na nama

Zafin nama kalma ce da ke nufin ra'ayin cewa cin abinci mai nauyi zai sa mutane su yi gumi sosai. Tushenta na kimiyya ba shi da tushe. 

## Tushen kimiyya
Ɗaya daga cikin ka'idar ita ce furotin narkewa yana ƙone adadin kuzari fiye da ko dai carbohydrates ko kitse, wanda ke haifar da hauhawar zafin jiki da ake kira thermogenesis mai haifar da abinci.

Duk da yake binciken kimiyya ya nuna shaidar hauhawar zafin jiki daga abincin da ya fi girma a cikin furotin, wasu masu bincike suna jayayya ko ya isa ya sa mutane su yi gumi.

## A cikin al'adun gargajiya
An san wannan magana a cikin wani labari na 2001 na *Abokai*, lokacin da halayen Joey Tribbiani ya goge goshinsa ya ce, "Ga gumi na nama" bayan ya ci turkey gaba ɗaya a lokacin abincin dare na godiya.

Duk da ƙananan shaidar kimiyya, an yi amfani da ra'ayin a cikin tallace-tallace. A watan Yunin 2022, Arby's, jerin abinci masu sauri, tare da alamar deodorant Old Spice, sun gabatar da kayan aikin "Meat Sweat Defense", wanda ya kunshi kayan ado na naman sa, tawul na motsa jiki, sutura da kuma tukunyar deodorant.

* Rashin barci bayan cin abinci

## Manazarta
Makarantar Sakandare ta 'yan mata ta Krobo

**Krobo Girls' Presbyterian Senior High School**, wanda aka fi sani da **KROGISS**, makarantar ce ta mata ta biyu a Odumasi Krobo a Gabashin Ghana .  

## Tarihi
An kafa makarantar ne a watan Maris na shekara ta 1927 ta masu wa'azi na Scotland,  a matsayin makarantar tsakiya ga 'yan mata. An kara kwalejin horar da malamai na shekaru biyu ga mata a makarantar 'yan mata a cikin 1944 a kan gwaji a karkashin shirin hanzari na gwamnati.

An kafa kwalejin a matsayin Kwalejin Horar da Malamai ta Certificate B ga mata a cikin 1951 a ƙarƙashin gudanarwar Cocin Presbyterian na Ghana .

A shekara ta 1962, an canza kwalejin horar da malamai na shekaru biyu zuwa Kwalejin Horar da Malamai na Shekaru huɗu ga mata. A watan Satumbar 1973, an dakatar da makarantar sakandare ta 'yan mata ta Krobo yayin da aka canza kwalejin horo zuwa makarantar sakandare na' yan mata, a karkashin karfafa Shirin Ilimi na Malamai ta Ma'aikatar Ilimi.

## Kimiyyar Kimiyya da Lissafi na Kasa
A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, 2025, 'yan mata na Krobo sun ci St. Francis Xavier Junior Seminary da Business SHS, don samun damar shiga mataki na takwas na gasar. 

## Shahararrun ɗalibai

* Portia Gabor, ɗan jarida, mai ba da labarai a TV3 Ghana
* Docia Kisseih, ma'aikaciyar jinya, mai juna biyu da kuma malami
* Akumaa Mama Zimbi, 'yar jarida ce ta talabijin da rediyo a Multimedia Group LimitedƘungiyar Multimedia Limited

## Manazarta
Matsayin motsa jiki

Matsayin aikin jiki (PAL) hanya ce ta bayyana aikin jiki na yau da kullun a matsayin lamba kuma ana amfani da ita don kimanta jimlar kuɗin da suke kashewa. A hade tare da ƙimar metabolism, ana iya amfani da shi don lissafin adadin Makamashi na abinci wanda mutum yake buƙata don cinyewa don kula da wani salon rayuwa.

## Ma'anar
An bayyana matakin aikin jiki ga babba marar ciki, wanda ba ya shayarwa a matsayin jimlar kuɗin da mutumin ya kashe (TEE) a cikin sa'o'i 24, an raba shi da ƙimar metabolism (BMR): 

## Manazarta
Ci gaba a cikin Abinci

***Ci gaba a cikin Abinci*** (mai taken: *Jaridar Bincike ta Duniya*) jaridar likitanci ce da ake nazari da ita a kowane wata wanda ke buga Labaran bita a fannin kimiyyar abinci mai gina jiki. An kafa shi a cikin 2010 kuma American Society for Nutrition ne ya buga shi. Babban edita shine Katherine Tucker (Jami'ar Massachusetts Lowell). A cewar Jaridar Citation Reports, mujallar tana da tasirin tasirin 2017 na 6.853. 

## Manazarta
Masana'antar Abinci ta Noma Hi Tech

Masana'antar Abinci ta Agro Hi Tech wata mujallar kimiyya ce da ake nazari da ita a kowane wata wanda Tekno Scienze Publisher ta buga, wanda ke rufe kayan abinci da abinci mai aiki. An kafa shi a cikin 1990 kuma Babban edita shi ne Silvana Maini .

## Abstracting da indexing
An cire mujallar kuma an jera ta a Cibiyar Bayar da Hakkin mallaka,  Chemical Abstracts,  Science Citation Index Expanded,  da Scopus  A cewar Jaridar Citation Reports, mujallar tana da tasirin tasirin 2015 na 0.202. 

## Manazarta
Sam-Woode Limited

**Sam Woode Limited** kamfanin buga littattafai ne na Ghana. An jera kamfanin a kan ma'auni na hannun jari na kasuwar hada-hadar hannayen jari ta Ghana, GSE All-Share Index . An kafa Sam Woode Limited a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 1984 kuma an jera shi a kasuwar hada-hadar hannayen jari ta Ghana a 2002, bayan ya zama kamfani na jama'a a.  

## Ayyuka
Sam Woode Limited tana buga litattafan ilimi, littattafan labarai, da kuma kayan da ba na littafi ba don matakai daban-daban. Sam Woode Limited ta kayayyakin portfolio sun hada da pre-school da firamare matakan, da sauransu.

Kamfanin yana samar da littattafai a cikin rukunoni ciki har da littattafan hukumar,  kimiyyar noma,  ƙirar asali da fasaha,  ilimin ɗan ƙasa,  rubutun hannu,  fasahar bayanai da sadarwa,  ilimin zamantakewa,  nazarin zamantakewa,  lissafi da ilimin addini da ɗabi'a, da sauransu. Ana kuma samun kayayyaki daga kundin Sam Woode don sayen kan layi.

Sam Woode Limited tana da haƙƙin rarraba na musamman don yankin Yammacin Afirka don lakabi daga masu bugawa na ƙasashen waje da aka jera a cikin jerin sunayen kamfanin.

## Manazarta
Ilimin Jiki, Abinci, da Metabolism

Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism / Physiologie appliquée, nutrition et métabolisme wata mujallar kiwon lafiya ce da An sake dubawa ta NRC Research Press. An kafa shi a shekara ta 1976 a matsayin *Jaridar Kimiyya ta Wasanni ta Kanada* kuma daga baya aka sake masa suna Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology kafin ya sami sunansa na yanzu.

Ya ƙunshi bincike kan ilimin lissafi, Abinci mai gina jiki, da kuma fannoni na metabolism na lafiyar ɗan adam, aikin jiki da lafiyar jiki. Har ila yau, ya buga batutuwa na yau da kullun da kuma ƙarin batutuwa. Takardun sun bayyana a kan layi kafin fitowar bugawa kuma suna samuwa a cikin tsarin PDF da HTML.

Shugabannin editoci sune Phil Chilibeck, Ph.D. da Scott Harding, Ph.d. .  Jarida ce ta hukuma ta Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology  da Canadian Nutrition Society. 

## Manazarta
Jaridar Abinci ta Burtaniya

Jaridar British Journal of Nutrition wata mujallar kimiyya ce da dabba-linkid="107" href="./Peer-reviewed" id="mwCg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Peer-reviewed">An sake dubawa wanda ke rufe bincike kan abinci mai gina jiki na dabbobi da na mutum. An kafa shi a 1947 kuma Cambridge University Press ce ta buga shi a madadin The Nutrition Society . Babban edita shi ne Farfesa John Mathers na Jami'ar Newcastle . A cewar Jaridar Citation Reports, mujallar tana da tasirin tasirin 2022 na 3.6. 

## Manazarta
Binciken shekara-shekara na Abinci

The Annual Review of Nutrition wata mujallar kimiyya ce da An sake dubawa da aka buga ta Annual Reviews wacce ke fitar da Labaran bita na shekara-shekara game da Abinci mai gina jiki. An buga shi tun 1981. Ya zuwa 2025, Jaridar Citation Reports ta ba da mujallar tasirin tasirin 2024 na 13.4, ta sanya shi na biyu na mujallu 112 a cikin rukunin "Nutrition & Dietetics". edita yanzu shine Patrick J. Stover . Ya zuwa 2023, ana buga shi azaman budewa, a ƙarƙashin Subscribe to Open model.

## Tarihi
A cikin shekaru ashirin da tara na farko na bugawa, *Binciken shekara-shekara na Biochemistry* ya ƙunshi babi da ya shafi Abinci mai gina jiki na mutum. Girman batutuwa da za a rufe a cikin kowane ƙarar ya karu da yawa, duk da haka, kuma an cire abinci mai gina jiki daga mujallar kuma an cire shi daga duk wani taken mujallar da kamfanin wallafe-wallafen Annual Reviews ya buga. Kwamitin daraktoci ya yanke shawarar cewa abinci mai gina jiki ya tabbatar da nasa mujallar, tare da kundi na farko na *Binciken shekara-shekara na Abinci* da aka buga a 1981.  Shi ne taken mujallar na ashirin da hudu da aka buga ta Annual Reviews .  Ya zuwa 2021, an buga shi a bugawa da kuma ta hanyar lantarki.

## Manazarta
Jaridar Turai ta Abinci na Asibiti

Jaridar European Journal of Clinical Nutrition wata mujallar kiwon lafiya ce ta kowane wata da ke rufe kimiyyar ***Abinci*** mai gina jiki kuma Springer Nature ta buga ta. John Waterlow ne ya kafa shi a 1947 a matsayin Abinci kuma ya sake masa suna Journal of Human Nutrition a 1976.  A shekara ta 1982 an canza sunansa zuwa ***Abinci na Mutum*** kuma an raba mujallar zuwa sassan biyu: Abinci na Dan Adam: Abinci mai Amfani da Abinci na Jama'a: Abinci ta Asibiti. Wadannan sassan biyu an sake haɗuwa a cikin 1988 tare da mujallar samun sunanta na yanzu. Babban edita shine Mario J. Soares (Jami'ar Courtin).

## Manazarta
Jaridar Abinci ta Turai

Jaridar Turai ta Abinci ita ce mujallar kiwon lafiya da An sake dubawa wanda ke rufe kimiyyar abinci mai gina jiki. An kafa shi a cikin 1960 a matsayin ***Zeitschrift für Ernährungswissenschaft***, yana samun sunansa na yanzu a cikin 1999. An buga shi sau takwas a kowace shekara ta Springer Science + Business Media kuma Babban edita shine Bruce Griffin (Jami'ar Surrey). A cewar Jaridar Citation Reports, mujallar tana da tasirin tasirin 2018 na 4.449.  An haɗa Jaridar a cikin Index Medicus da MEDLINE.

## Manazarta
Hukumar Kula da Ruwa ta Jihar Legas

**Hukumar kula da hanyoyin ruwa ta jihar Legas** **LASWA** ita ce hukumar da ke kula da jiragen ruwa da ayyukan jiragen ruwa da sufurin ruwa a jihar Legas .   Hukumar ta ba da madadin gujewa zirga-zirgar Legas ta hanyar kula da jigilar ruwa.  LASWA ta haɗu tare da Makarantar Dolphin Swim don horar da ɗalibai 100 a duk makarantun jama'a 4 game da amincin ruwa da jagororin iyo ta hanyar Shirin Kids Savvy na Ruwa a cikin 2021. 

## Tarihi
Dangane da sanarwar manema labarai ta Janar Manajan, Oluwadamilola Emmanuel a cikin 2021, LASWA ta dauki sabbin masu tsaron ruwa waɗanda aka rarraba a fadin tashoshi daban-daban da hanyoyin ruwa na cikin gida a Legas kuma an horar da su don tabbatar da amincin masu aiki da jirgin ruwa da fasinjojin jirgin ruwa.

A cikin 2023, saboda raƙuman ruwa masu yawa da ke hana motsi na jiragen ruwa, hukumar ruwa ta dakatar da ayyukanta a tashar Jirgin ruwa ta Ipakodo, Ikorodu don tabbatar da amincin masu amfani a wannan yankin. Har ila yau, a cikin 2023, Gwamnatin Jihar Legas, ta hanyar Ma'aikatar Ci Gaban Ruwa, ta mika Ijegun-Egba, Liverpool, Isalu-Ajido, Marina Badagry, da Ilashe Jetties ga LASWA don samar da madadin sufuri na ƙasa don zama tushen kasuwanci ga mazauna. LASWA ta yi aiki tare da Hukumar Kula da Gaggawa ta Kasa (NEMA) don ci gaba da tabbatar da aminci a cikin yankunan ruwa a jihar a cikin 2024.

## Manazarta
Labarin Abinci da Abinci

The Food and Nutrition Bulletin wata mujallar kimiyya ce ta kwata-kwata wacce Dr. Nevin S. Scrimshaw ya kafa a 1978 kuma SAGE Publications ce ta buga ta. Jaridar ta wallafa labaran da suka shafi nazarin manufofi, bincike na kimiyya da zamantakewa na asali, da kuma sake dubawa na ilimi da suka shafi abinci mai gina jiki da rashin abinci mai ginaɗi a kasashe masu tasowa. Littafin hukuma ne na Gidauniyar Abinci ta Duniya ta Nevin Scrimshaw kuma an ajiye shi a Makarantar Friedman ta Kimiyya da Manufofin Abinci a Jami'ar Tufts.

## Manazarta
Binciken Abinci da Abinci

***Binciken Abinci da Abinci*** shine mujallar kiwon lafiya ta shekara-shekara da ake nazari da ita wanda ke rufe Abinci mai gina jiki da kimiyyar abinci. An kafa shi a cikin 1996 a matsayin Näringsforskning, kuma an sake masa suna Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition a cikin 2002. A shekara ta 2006, an sake sunan mujallar, a wannan lokacin zuwa Jaridar Scandinavian ta Abinci da Abinci; ta sami sunanta na yanzu a shekara ta 2008. Gidauniyar Abinci ta Sweden ce ta buga shi tare da hadin gwiwar Open Academia,  kuma Babban edita shi ne Asim Duttaroy (Jami'ar Oslo). A cewar Jaridar Citation Reports, mujallar tana da tasirin tasirin 2020 na 3.849 (2020). 

## Manazarta
Butis koilomatodon

***Butis koilomatodon***, wanda aka fi sani da **mudsleeper**, nau'in kifaye ne a cikin dangin Butidae wanda ya samo asali ne daga ruwan gishiri, mai laushi da ruwan gishiri na yankin Indo-Pacific, wanda ya fito daga Madagascar da Mozambique zuwa Philippines, China da Australia.   An gabatar da shi zuwa yankin Atlantic inda aka yi la'akari da cin zarafi kuma an san shi daga Panama, Venezuela da Brazil  da kuma Najeriya.  Wannan nau'in namun daji galibi yana rayuwa ne a cikin koguna, rairayin bakin teku da mangroves, kuma ya kai har zuwa  a cikin jimlar tsayi. 

## Gabatarwa ga Brazil
*B. koilomatodon* suna fadada kewayon su zuwa kudu maso yammacin Atlantic tare da bakin tekun Brazil. An samo shi a gabashin gabar tekun Brazil, a cikin 1989, amma ba a gano shi ba har zuwa 2000. Ya zuwa lokacin rani na shekara ta 2012, an tattara samfurori 23 na *B. koilomatodon* a bakin tekun Brazil, an tattara dukkan samfurori a wurare daban-daban guda shida a bakin tekuna. Masana ilimin halittu sun sami damar gano 17 daga cikin samfurori a matsayin namiji, hudu a matsayin mace, kuma wasu biyu ba su iya yin jima'i ba. Kuma yawancin samfurori sun kasance a matakai daban-daban na balaga, ana iya kafa yawan kiwo, amma ana tattara isasshen bayanai don kammala shi a ƙarshe. Ta yaya wannan nau'in ya kai wancan gefen nahiyar Kudancin Amurka ba a bayyane yake ba. Mutane da yawa sun yi imanin cewa an kawo su a cikin tankunan jiragen ruwa. Ƙananan girman nau'in ya sa ya zama da sauƙi a gare su shiga ramukan da ke cikin tankin jirgin ruwa. Har ila yau, ikon su na jurewa da matakan salinity masu yawa, da kuma sauye-sauyen zafin jiki, ya sa su iya zama a cikin tankin ballast a kan tafiye-tafiye a fadin teku.

## Manazarta
Bincike mai mahimmanci a cikin Kimiyya da Abinci

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition wata mujallar kimiyyar abinci ce da Taylor & Francis ke buga kowane wata. An kafa shi ne a shekarar 1970 a matsayin Critical Reviews in Food Technology, amma ya canza zuwa sunansa na yanzu a shekarar 1975. Babban editan shi ne Fergus M. Clydesdale (Jami'ar Massachusetts Amherst).  A cewar Jaridar Citation Reports, mujallar tana da tasirin tasirin 2019 na 7.860, inda ta kasance ta 3rd daga cikin mujallu 89 a cikin rukunin "Nutrition and Dietetics" kuma ta 4th daga cikin muhalli 139 a cikin rukunin"Food Science and Technology". Ya zuwa 2024, tasirin tasirin shine 7.3.

## Manazarta
Babbar gada ta Lower Volta

**Ƙarshen Volta Bridge** ( French   ), kuma aka sani da **gadar Sogakope** ( French   ), gada ce mai tsayin mita 650 akan babbar hanyar N1 ( Aflao — Accra ) wacce ta hada Sogakope zuwa Sokpoe akan kogin Volta . 

## Tarihi
An gina gadar ne tsakanin Janairu 1965 da Janairu 1967 ta hanyar 'yan kwangila biyu na Jamus.

A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, gadar ta sha wahala daga rashin kulawa da karuwar zirga-zirga, musamman manyan motoci, suna mai da haɗari ga direbobi. A shekara ta 2009, mazauna yankin sun riga sun kira shi "tarkon mutuwa,"  tare da damuwa game da tsatsa da kuma lalacewar sealants. A cikin shekara ta 2013, mazaunan Sogakope sun yi kira ga Hukumar Hanyar Ghana don gyara fadada tsatsa da raguwa. Duk da kira don gyare-gyare, an yi ƙananan gyare- gyare-gine ne kawai, kuma amincin tsarin gadar ya ci gaba da raguwa. A cikin 2018, gwamnati ta yi alkawarin gyare-gyare, amma rahotanni a cikin 2019 sun nuna haɗari da ke gudana, tare da masu tuka babura su ne ainihin wadanda abin ya shafa. Bayan kisan wani dan siyasa na cikin gida a shekarar 2020, zanga-zangar ta tashi, tare da mazauna da ke toshe gadar.

Gwamnatin Ghana tana shirin gina sabuwar gadar da ke dauke da waya (New Volta Bridge) da za a fara a shekarar 2021.

## Manazarta
Kudin Duniya

***Kudin Duniya*** shiri ne na gaskiya a gidan rediyon BBC 4 game da muhalli. An watsa wasan kwaikwayon tun 2007 kuma yana samuwa don saukewa azaman podcast.

Kungiyar Rediyo 4 da ke Bristol ce ta samar da shirin.

## Masu gabatar da shirye-shirye
Tom Heap ne ke gabatar da wasan kwaikwayon a halin yanzu, tare da wasu abubuwan da wasu masu gabatarwa suka ba da labari kuma suka shirya su dangane da batun da wuri.

Wanda ya kafa shirin shi ne mai sharhi na muhalli na BBC na gaba Roger Harrabin .  Sauran masu gabatarwa sun hada da tsohon wakilin BBC na muhalli Alex Kirby, Farfesa Alice Roberts da Miranda Krestovnikoff .

## Abubuwan da suka faru
Shirin yana kallon tasirin tasirin mutane a kan muhalli da kuma yadda muhalli ke amsawa, yana tambayar gaskiyar da aka yarda da ita, yana kalubalantar waɗanda ke kula da kuma bayar da rahoto game da ci gaba zuwa inganta duniya.

Ana tattauna batutuwa daban-daban a kan shirin, wasu daga cikinsu na iya kasancewa a kan batutuwan da aka tattauna - alal misali, shirin da aka watsa a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu 2013 ya tattauna game da amfani da Robots a aikin noma. Ana kuma tattauna batutuwan da aka tattauna sosai, kamar su Common Fisheries Policy.

Yawancin abubuwan da suka faru ana gabatar da su ne a cikin tsarin gabatar da batun, sannan yin hira da masana da masu sha'awar a wurare a kusa da Ingila da sauran duniya, dangane da asalin lamarin. Koyaya, ana gabatar da wasu batutuwa a matsayin tattaunawar panel inda masana da yawa suka sanya ra'ayoyinsu a fadin tare da mai karɓar bakuncin da ke gabatar da tambayoyi ga kowane baƙo.

Musamman jerin sun yi aiki tare da shirin BBC2 na Newsnight da BBC World Channel's Our World don samar da rahoto na musamman game da juyin juya halin makamashi na Afirka.

## watsa shirye-shirye
Ana watsa shirye-shiryen a BBC Radio 4 kowace Talata da karfe 15:30 da Laraba da karfe 21:00. Yawancin lokaci ana watsa su a cikin jerin tubalan sau biyu a shekara a lokacin bazara da kaka. Ana kuma samar da abubuwan na musamman a wasu lokuta kuma ana watsa su.

## Manazarta
Jaridar Kasa da Kasa ta Girma

The International Journal of Obesity (abbreviated as *IJO*) wata mujallar kiwon lafiya ce da An sake dubawa da aka buga ta Nature Publishing Group. An kafa shi a cikin 1977 a matsayin Jaridar Kasa da Kasa ta Obesity ta Newman Pub. . a cikin hadin gwiwa tare da Ƙungiyar Nazarin Obesity da Ƙungiyar Arewacin Amurka don Nazarin Obosity. A shekara ta 1992, mujallar ta canza sunanta zuwa International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders bayan da Nature Publishing Group ta saye shi. A shekara ta 2005, mujallar ta koma ga sunanta na asali.

## Manufofin da iyakar
Jaridar tana magana ne game da ci gaba da maganin kiba, da kuma raunin aiki da ke da alaƙa da kiba. Yana buga ilimin kimiyya na asali da nazarin asibiti waɗanda ke magance fannoni na kwayoyin halitta, yaduwar cututtuka, kwayoyin halitta. 

## Manazarta