Babban Ginin Tekun Jakarta

**Giant Sea Wall** Jakarta (Indonesia) wani bangare ne na babban aikin ci gaban bakin teku a Jakarta, Indonesia wanda ya fara a shekarar 2014 kuma ana sa ran za a cika shi a shekara ta 2027.  Aikin ci gaban bakin teku ya haɗa da gina babban bango a bakin tekun, gina tafkin ruwa, da kuma sake farfado da ƙasa. An ƙaddamar da gina wani ɓangare na kilomita 8 na bangon teku tare da bakin teku a hukumance a ranar 9 ga Oktoba, 2014. &nbsp;

Ambaliyar ruwa a Jakarta ba ta da iyaka, musamman a lokacin damina. A shekara ta 2, birnin ya sha wahala daga ambaliyar ruwa mai ban tsoro wanda ya haifar da mutuwar mutane 76 da rabin miliyan da ambaliyar ta shafa ko kuma ta yi tasiri. Jakarta tana kwance a kan wani karamin kwandon da ke da ƙafa 23 (7 m) sama da matakin teku. Kashi 40 cikin dari na wannan, musamman yankunan arewa, suna ƙasa da matakin teku. Idan aka ba da ci gaba da cire ruwan sama da matsin lamba na ci gaban gine-gine, Jakarta tana nutsewa a 5 zuwa 10 centimeters a kowace shekara, har zuwa 20 centimeters. Daga shekara ta 2000 zuwa shekara ta 2050 an kiyasta ambaliyar ruwa ta bakin teku ta karu da 110.5 km2 saboda raguwar ƙasa da hauhawar matakin teku;  an kiyasta cewa birnin zai kasance gaba ɗaya a cikin ruwa a shekara ta 2050.  Bugu da ƙari, an kiyasta cewa yawan mutanen garin sama da mutane miliyan 10.6 za su rasa muhallinsu, musamman ma waɗancan al'ummomin da ke kusa da ruwa.&nbsp;

Don hana wannan, an gudanar da binciken yiwuwar gina madatsar ruwa a kan Jakarta Bay. An san aikin a matsayin Babban Birnin Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Ruwa na Kasa (NCICD) ko Giant Sea Wall Jakarta . Aikin, wanda kuma yana da aikin dike farfado da bakin teku kuma mafi mahimmanci yana ba da hangen nesa na gaba ga babban birnin Indonesia, kamfanin gine-gine na KuiperCompagnons na Rotterdam ne ya tsara shi kuma tare da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Indonesia, da ƙungiyar kamfanonin Dutch (Witteveen + Bos da Grontmij), waɗanda suka kafa Ci gaban Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Kasa kuma duk suna da hannu a cikin kirkirar babban shirin da ya fara a 2008.

## Tarihi

A cikin 1995, Shugaba Suharto ya ba da Dokar Shugaban kasa No. 52  game da Amincewa da Arewacin Jakarta Coast . Wannan dokar ta nuna cewa gwamnan Jakarta ita ce jam'iyyar da aka ba da izini don sake farfadowa. Abubuwan da aka haɗa da dokar sun nuna cewa farfadowar ba ta cikin nau'ikan tsibirai daban-daban daga bakin tekun arewa ba amma fadada yankin bakin tekun. Koyaya, saboda rikicin tattalin arziki da ya mamaye Indonesia a cikin 1997, an jinkirta tsarin ci gaba.

A cikin 1999, Majalisar Dokokin DKI Jakarta (DPRD) da gwamnatin lardin, a karkashin Gwamna Sutiyoso, sun ba da Dokar Yankin kan Shirin Yankin 2010,  wanda aka haɗa sake farfadowa a cikin shirin sararin samaniya kuma ya canza daga shirin 1995. An yi niyyar farfadowa ga cinikayya da sabis na duniya, wuraren zama, da tashar jiragen ruwa na yawon bude ido. Shirin Yankin Yankin (Perda RTRW) ya nuna cewa sake farfadowa zai rufe yanki na kimanin hekta 2,700, wanda aka nufa don amfani da zama.

### Shari'a ta Ma'aikatar Muhalli
A shekara ta 2003, Ma'aikatar Muhalli, wacce Minista Nabiel Makarim ke jagoranta, ta ba da Dokar Ministoci No. 14 da ke nuna cewa aikin farfadowa da sake farfado da bakin tekun Arewacin Jakarta ba zai yiwu ba. Ma'aikatar ta yi jayayya cewa farfadowa zai kara haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa, musamman a yankunan arewa, lalata yanayin halittu na ruwa, da rage kuɗin shiga na masunta. Har ila yau, aikin zai buƙaci kusan mita cubic miliyan 330 na yashi (don yanki na hekta 2,700),  kuma zai tsoma baki tare da Tashar wutar lantarki ta Muara Karang a Arewacin Jakarta.  A shekara ta 2003, 'yan kwangila shida sun kai karar yanke shawara a Kotun Gudanarwa ta Jiha. Kamfanoni shida da suka shiga sune: PT Bakti Era Mulia, PT Taman Harapan Indah, PT Manggala Krida Yudha, Pelindo II, PT Pembangunan Jaya Ancol, da PT Jakarta Propertindo . 

Duk da tsarin shari'a da ke gudana, a cikin 2007 Gwamna Sutiyoso ya ba da izinin ka'ida ga tsibirin 2A, wanda daga baya ya zama tsibirin D, ga PT Kapuk Naga Indah, wani reshe na Agung Sedayu Group, a ranar 19 ga Yuli ta hanyar Wasikar Gwamna No. 1571/-1.711. Kotun Koli ta yanke hukunci a madadin Ma'aikatar Muhalli a cikin shari'ar da aka yi game da roko na 'yan kwangila shida, yana mai cewa ba za a iya dawo da shi ba a matakin cassation. A baya, ma'aikatar ta rasa a ƙananan kotuna biyu. Koyaya, a cikin 2011, a lokacin Binciken Shari'a na shari'ar tsakanin Ma'aikatar Muhalli da 'yan kwangila shida, Kotun Koli ta yanke hukunci a madadin' yan kwangila shida.