Yawan jama'ar Kanada ta lardin dakuma yankin

An raba Kanada zuwa larduna 10 da yankuna uku. Yawancin mutanen Kanada sun fi mayar da hankali a yankunan da ke kusa da iyakar Kanada da Amurka. Gundumominta huɗu mafi girma ta yanki (Ontario, Quebec, British Columbia, da Alberta) suma sune mafi yawan jama'a; tare suna da kashi 86.5 cikin dari na yawan jama'ar ƙasar. Yankunan (Yankunan Arewa maso Yamma, Nunavut, da Yukon) suna da sama da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yankin Kanada amma gida ne kawai ga kashi 0.32 na yawan jama'arta, wanda ke karkatar da ƙimar yawan jama'a ta ƙasa.

Yawan jama'ar Kanada ya karu da kashi 5.24 tsakanin ƙididdigar 2016 da 2021. Baya ga Newfoundland da Labrador da Yankin Arewa maso Yamma, duk yankuna da larduna sun karu da yawan jama'a daga 2016 zuwa 2021. Dangane da canjin kashi, lardin da ya fi girma ko yankin shine Yukon tare da karuwar kashi 12.1 tsakanin 2016 da 2021, sannan Prince Edward Island ya biyo baya tare da ci gaban kashi 7.99.

Gabaɗaya, larduna sun ci gaba da ƙaruwa a cikin yawan jama'a tare da Kanada. Koyaya, wasu larduna kamar Saskatchewan, Prince Edward Island, da Newfoundland da Labrador sun sami dogon lokaci na tsayawa ko raguwar yawan jama'a. Ontario da Quebec koyaushe sun kasance larduna biyu mafi yawan jama'a a Kanada, tare da sama da kashi 60 cikin dari na yawan jama'ar a kowane lokaci. Muhimmancin yawan jama'a na Yamma ya ci gaba da girma a tsawon lokaci, yayin da muhimmancin Atlantic Kanada ya ragu a hankali. Yawan jama'ar Kanada ya karu a kowace shekara tun lokacin da aka kafa Confederation a 1867: duba Jerin yawan jama'ar Canada ta shekara.

## Yawan jama'a a ƙidayar ƙarshe




## Yawan jama'a

Yawan karuwar yawan jama'a na larduna da yankuna na yanzu sun dogara ne akan Kididdigar Kanada ta 2021 . 

## Juyin Halitta na Jama'a

### Yawan jama'a na tarihi
Yawan jama'ar Kanada ya karu kowace shekara tun lokacin da aka kafa Confederation a 1867.  An yi ƙididdigar ƙasa ta farko a cikin 1871, kuma ta rufe larduna huɗu waɗanda suke cikin Kanada a lokacin. Ya rubuta yawan mutane 1,620,851 a Ontario, 1,191,516 a Quebec, 387,800 a Nova Scotia da 285,594 a New Brunswick  Yawan mutanen kowane ɗayan waɗannan larduna sun ci gaba da girma kowace shekara ba tare da katsewa ba. Koyaya, ci gaban su ya yi jinkiri a ƙarshen karni na 19 saboda akwai 'yan damar tattalin arziki kaɗan. A sakamakon haka, 'yan Kanada da yawa sun zaɓi yin ƙaura zuwa Amurka don aiki.

Wannan sabon abu ya shafi Quebec musamman. Kimanin mazauna Quebec 900,000 (Faransa Kanada ga mafi rinjaye) sun tafi Amurka tsakanin 1840 da 1930. Koyaya, asarar yawan jama'ar Quebec ga ƙaura a wannan lokacin an rage shi sosai ta hanyar ƙaruwar yawan jama'a. Lalle ne, har zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20, Quebec tana da yawan haihuwa da ya fi yawancin al'ummomin masana'antu na zamani. Wannan lokacin babban ci gaban jama'ar Faransa da Kanada ana kiransa  (lit: 'ramako na jariri'). 

Girman yawan jama'a a yankunan Arewa maso Yamma, sannan larduna na Yamma, ya tashi lokacin da gwamnatin Kanada ta zartar da Dokar Dominion Lands a 1872 don karfafa zaman yankunan Kanada, da kuma taimakawa hana yankin daga Amurka. Dokar ta ba mai da'awar kadada 160 (ha 65) kyauta, kawai farashin ga manomi shine kuɗin gudanarwa na $ 10. Duk wani manomi namiji wanda ya kasance aƙalla shekaru 21 kuma ya amince da noma aƙalla kadada 40 (16  na ƙasar kuma ya gina gida na dindindin a ciki (a cikin shekaru uku) ya cancanci. Yawan mutanen da ke cikin Filayen Kanada ya karu da sauri a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata na karni na 19, kuma yawan mutanen Saskatchewan ya ninka fiye da sau biyar daga 91,000 a 1901 zuwa 492,000 a 1911. Yawancin waɗannan mutane baƙi ne daga Turai.

Ƙididdigar farko na yawan al'ummar yankunan Arewa maso yamma yakan ware ƴan asalin ƙasar na ƙasashen da ƙasashensu suka ƙunshi yankin, kamar Dene na Denendeh ko Inuit na Inuit Nunangat.  Yawan jama'ar yankin ya ragu a farkon karni na 20 da 21 saboda raguwar girmansa, kamar yadda Yukon, sannan Saskatchewan da Alberta aka sassaka daga yankinsa, kuma iri daya ne da Nunavut bayan karni daya.  Yawan jama'ar Yukon ya karu a farkon karni na 20 saboda Klondike Gold Rush, lokacin da aka kiyasta mutane 100,000 suka yi kokarin isa filayen gwal na Klondike tsakanin 1896 da 1899, wanda kusan 30,000 zuwa 40,000 ne kawai suka yi.

Gabaɗaya, larduna sun ci gaba da girma cikin yawan jama'a tare da Kanada.  Duk da haka, wasu larduna sun sami dogon lokaci na tsayawa ko raguwar yawan jama'a.  Bayan hawan kololuwa a cikin 1891, yawan mutanen tsibirin Prince Edward ya fara raguwa kowace shekara har zuwa 1941, bayan haka lardin ya sake girma.  A Saskatchewan, bayan fashewar jama'a cikin sauri a farkon karni wanda ya sa lardin ya zama na 3 mafi girma a kasar, yawanta ya ragu a lokacin Babban Bala'in, kuma ci gabanta ya ragu tun daga lokacin.  Daga 1931 zuwa 2016, yawan al'ummar Saskatchewan ya karu da kashi 19.2 kawai, wanda ya yi ƙasa da matsakaicin ƙasa.  Newfoundland da Labrador, a gefe guda, sun sami ci gaba a hankali amma ci gaba da haɓaka har zuwa shekarun 1990, lokacin da kamun kifi ya rushe, kuma yawansu ya fara faɗuwa.

Bayan rushewar yawan haihuwar Kanada, yawancin larduna yanzu suna ci gaba da yawan su tare da shige da fice daga kasashe masu tasowa. Adadin sabbin baƙi yana ƙaruwa kowace shekara.

### Matsakaicin yawan jama'a na larduna da yankuna

Nauyin alƙaluman kowane lardi a Kanada koyaushe yana zama al'amari mai mahimmanci.  A cikin 1840, Rahoton Durham ya ba da shawarar cewa Upper Canada (yanzu Ontario) da Ƙananan Kanada (yanzu Quebec) su zama lardi ɗaya.  Sabuwar Majalisar Dokokin Lardin Kanada da aka ƙirƙira ana buƙatar samun wakilci ɗaya daidai daga Kanada Gabas (yanzu Quebec) da Kanada Yamma (yanzu Ontario), kodayake yawan mutanen Kanada Gabas sun fi girma.  A cikin 1840, an ƙiyasta yawan mutanen Gabashin Kanada a 670,000, yayin da aka kiyasta yawan mutanen Kanada ta Yamma ya kai 480,000.  Lord Durham bai ba da shawarar wannan tsarin ba kuma a maimakon haka ya ba da shawarar cewa wakilcin ya dogara da al'ummomin yankunan biyu.   Gwamnatin Birtaniyya ta yi watsi da wannan shawarar, a maimakon haka ta aiwatar da daidaiton sassa, da alama don baiwa al'ummar sabon lardin masu magana da Ingilishi babbar murya a cikin gwamnatin lardin.

Koyaya, ƙididdigar 1851 ta nuna cewa yawan mutanen Kanada ta Yamma sun wuce na Kanada ta Gabas. Wannan gaskiyar ta haifar da buƙatu a Yammacin Kanada don ƙarshen daidaito na sashi da kuma matsawa zuwa rarraba kujeru a cikin majalisa bisa ga yawan jama'a, wanda ake kira "rep by pop". Wannan batu ne mai cike da rikici a taron kundin tsarin mulki wanda ya kai ga hadin kai, kuma yankuna sun cimma matsaya inda za a rarraba kujerun da ke cikin majalisar tarayya (House of Commons) ta yawan jama'a, kuma za a rarrabe kujerun a cikin majalisar dattijai ta tarayya (Senate) bisa ga yankuna uku da aka ayyana - Ontario, Quebec da Maritimes - kowannensu zai sami kujeru 24.

Tun lokacin Tarayyar, Ontario da Quebec koyaushe sun kasance larduna biyu mafi yawan jama'a a Kanada.  Koyaya, haɗewar nauyin alƙaluman su ya ragu daga sama da kashi 80 cikin ɗari a ƙungiyar zuwa sama da kashi 60 cikin ɗari a cikin 2016. Lardunan Atlantic kuma sun rasa mahimmanci a cikin Kanada, daga kusan kashi 20 cikin ɗari a Confederation zuwa ƙasa da kashi 7 a yau.  Muhimmancin Yammacin Turai, duk da haka, ya ƙaru ne kawai, daga matakan da ba su da mahimmanci a cikin 1871 zuwa sama da kashi 30 na ƙasar a cikin 2016. A cikin rabin farko na karni na 20, lardin yammacin mafi yawan jama'a shine Saskatchewan, amma daga baya yawan mutanensa ya mamaye British Columbia, Alberta, da Manitoba..

Batun nauyin yawan jama'a na kowace lardin ya fito ne a lokacin tattaunawar da ake yi game da tsarin mulkin mallaka na Kanada, kuma musamman tattaunawa game da tsarin gyaran kundin tsarin mulki. Tsarin karshe ya nuna cewa ƙananan canje-canje ga kundin tsarin mulki dole ne Majalisar Dokokin Kanada da Majalisar Dokoki ta larduna 6 da ke wakiltar akalla kashi 50 cikin 100 na yawan mutanen Kanada su amince da su. Wannan yana nufin cewa ko dai Ontario ko Quebec dole ne su yarda da duk wani gyare-gyaren kundin tsarin mulki wanda ya shafi dukkan larduna.

Quebec ta sami nasarar kula da daidaitattun nauyin jama'a a cikin Kanada a farkon rabin karni na 20 saboda yawan haihuwa. Koyaya, muhimmancin su ya fara raguwa yayin da yawan haihuwarsu ya fara faduwa a cikin shekarun 1960. Quebec na so ya zama ta hanyar shige da fice, kuma don wannan dalili ya kirkiro Ma'aikatar Shige da Fice a shekarar 1968, kuma ya tattauna don kara iko a wannan fagen tare da gwamnatin tarayya. Koyaya, sabbin baƙi zuwa Kanada ba su dace ba suna zuwa Ontario, British Columbia, da Alberta, suna ƙarfafa haɓakar su a cikin nauyin jama'a. A mayar da martani, an kammala Yarjejeniyar Kanada-Quebec a cikin 1991 wanda, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, ya tabbatar da Quebec yawan shige da fice daidai da nauyin yawan jama'a a Kanada. Wannan tanadin bai cika ba, kamar yadda a shekara ta 2005, shige da fice zuwa Quebec ya wakilci kashi 16.5 cikin dari na duk shige da da fice a Kanada.

Quebec kuma ta yi ƙoƙari ta kula da nauyinta a cikin House of Commons na Kanada a lokacin tattaunawar tsarin mulki na farkon shekarun 1990. A karkashin Yarjejeniyar Charlottetown, a musayar Quebec da ta rasa kujerun Majalisar Dattijai a karkashin Majalisar Dattijan Triple-E (da ke sauka daga 24 zuwa 6), an tabbatar da cewa ba za a taba ba da ƙasa da kashi 25 cikin 100 na kujerun a cikin House of Commons ba. An kayar da yarjejeniyar a cikin raba gardama na jama'a.

## Dubi kuma

* Gudun hijira tsakanin larduna a Kanada
* Jerin larduna da yankuna na Kanada ta yawan jama'a
* Jerin manyan biranen Kanada ta ƙidayar jama'a
* Jerin manyan birane da garuruwa a Kanada ta yanki
* Jerin manyan garuruwa a Kanada ta yawan jama'a
* Jerin manyan cibiyoyin jama'a a Kanada
* Yawan jama'a na Kanada