Granada

**Granada** (lafazi: /geranada/) birni ne, da ke acikin yankin Andalusiya, a ƙasar Ispaniya. Bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a da akayi acikin shekarar ta 2013, jimilar mutane 592,200 (dubu dari biyar da tisa'in da biyu da dari biyu). An gina birnin Granada a farkon karni na bakwai bayan haifuwan annabi Isa.

## Alqalumma.
Sunan tarihi na Granada a cikin harshen Larabci shine غرناطة (Ġarnāṭa).Dukansu ma’anar sunan da asalinsa ba su da tabbas kuma an yi ta muhawara. Toponym tabbas ya wanzu kafin zamanin Zirid a karni na 11. Watakila ya fara bayyana ne a karni na 9 kuma ana samunsa a majiyoyin larabci tun daga karni na 10.

Kalmar Gárnata (ko Karnata) mai yiyuwa tana nufin "tudun baƙo": 41  Wata ma'anar kuma ita ce "tudun mahajjata". Yana iya ma asalin Berber ne. Wata ka’idar ita ce ta samo asali ne daga granum na Latin (ko jam’in grana), ma’ana “iri”, “beads”, ko “launi mai jajal”, wanda da an daidaita shi zuwa Larabci kamar Ġarnāṭa ko Iġranāṭa. Marubucin tarihin Larabawa Al-Maqqari ya yi imanin cewa ya fito ne daga kalmar Latin da ake kira rumman, granata. A kowane hali, kalmar Latin ba a ma'anarta ta farko ba ta yi amfani da ita ba, amma a mafi ma'anar "ja", tana nufin launin ƙasan yankin da gine-gine. Wannan kuma zai yi kama da ilimin asalin sunan Alhambra.

## Tarihi.
Tarihin Umayyawa[gyara sashe | Gyara masomin]

Duba kuma: Spain

Mosaic daga wani villa na Roman, wanda aka samo daga 1 AD, an gano shi a gundumar Los Mondragones a Granada (yanzu ana ajiye shi a Gidan Tarihi na Archaeological)

Yankin da ke kewaye da abin da ake kira Granada a yau yana da yawan jama'a tun aƙalla 5500 BC. Abubuwan tarihi na kayan tarihi da aka samu a cikin birnin sun nuna cewa wurin da birnin yake ciki, gami da yankin da ke kusa da hanyar Gran Vía de Colón, ana zaune tun zamanin Bronze Age. Mafi dadewar kango da aka samu a yankin na wani oppidum ne da ake kira Ilturir, wanda kabilar Iberian Bastetani ta kafa a shekara ta 650 BC. Ana kuma tabbatar da sunan Elibyrge dangane da wannan yanki. Wannan mazaunin ya zama daga baya aka sani da Iliberri ko Iliberis. A cikin 44 BC Iliberis ya zama mulkin mallaka na Roman kuma a cikin 27 BC ya zama gundumar Roman mai suna Florentia Iliberritana ('Flourishing Iliberri').

Gane Granada na yau tare da zamanin Iliberis na Roman da ci gaban tarihi tsakanin ƙauyuka biyu masana sun daɗe suna muhawara. Binciken kayan tarihi na zamani a kan tudun Albaicín sun gano abubuwan da ke nuna kasancewar wani muhimmin garin Romawa a wannan wurin. Ba a san komai ba, game da tarihin birnin a tsakanin ƙarshen zamanin Romawa zuwa karni na 11.

Kafawa da tarihin farko[gyara tushe]

Yunkurin Umayyawa na Hispania, wanda ya fara a shekara ta 711 AD, ya kawo manyan sassan yankin Iberian karkashin ikon Moorish kuma ya kafa al-Andalus. Majiyoyin tarihi na Larabci na farko sun ambaci cewa wani gari mai suna Qashtīliya, wanda daga baya aka fi sani da Madīnat Ilbīra (Elvira), yana kan gangaren kudanci na tsaunukan Saliyo de Elvira (kusa da Atarfe na yau) kuma ya zama mafi mahimmanci a yankin.. Karamin wurin zama da kagara (ḥiṣn) mai suna Ġarnāṭa (wanda kuma aka fassara shi da Gharnāṭa) ya kasance a gefen kudu na kogin Darro ko kuma a wurin unguwar Albaicín ta yanzu. Na karshen yana da galibin yahudawa ne don haka kuma aka san shi da Gharnāṭat al-Yahūd ("Gharnāṭa na Yahudawa"). An san gundumar da ke kusa da birnin da Kurat Ilbīra (kusan "Lardin Elvira"). Bayan shekara ta 743 sojoji daga yankin Sham ne suka kafa garin Ilbīra wadanda suka taka rawa wajen goyon bayan Abd al-Rahman na daya, wanda ya kafa Masarautar Cordoba kuma wata sabuwar daular Umayyawa. A karshen karni na 9, a zamanin mulkin Abdallah (r. 844 – 912), birnin da kewayensa ya kasance wurin da aka yi rikici tsakanin muwalladi (Musulmi da suka tuba) wadanda suke biyayya ga gwamnatin tsakiya da Larabawa, karkashin jagorancin Sawār ibn Hamdūn, wanda ya fusata su..

## Hotuna.

File:Granada_railway_station_with_loco_and_snow.jpg|Granada Station
File:PerezVillalta.jpg|Town hall of Granada
File:ParqueCiencias_EntradaAtardecer.jpg|Sciences Park of Granada
File:Colegio_Ave_Mar%C3%ADa_San_Isidro_Granada.jpg|Ave María San Isidro School Granada
File:Darro.jpg|Darro river for Granada
File:Granada_puerta_real.jpg|Puerta Real Square


## Manazarta.