10 titin Downing

10 Downing Street a Landan shine Gidan hukuma da ofishin Ubangiji na farko na Baitulmalin, ofishin da Firayim Minista na Ingila ke rikewa a lokaci guda. An san shi da lamba 10, ginin yana cikin Downing Street, a Whitehall a Birnin Westminster.

Ya wuce shekaru 300 da haihuwa, gini ne na Grade I, ya ƙunshi kusan ɗakuna 100. Gidan zama mai zaman kansa na Firayim Minista yana da bene na uku kuma akwai kicin a cikin ginshiki. Sauran bene suna dauke da ofisoshi da taro, liyafa, zama da ɗakunan cin abinci inda Firayim Minista ke aiki, da kuma inda ministocin gwamnati, shugabannin ƙasa, da manyan jami'an kasashen waje ke haduwa da kuma karbar bakuncin su. A baya akwai farfajiyar ciki da kuma wani terrace da ke kallon lambu na 1⁄2 acre (0.2 ha). Adadin 10 yana kusa da St James's Park, kimanin kilomita (1.2) daga Fadar Buckingham, gidan hukuma na masarautar Burtaniya a London, kuma yana kusa da Fadar Westminster, wurin taron gidajen majalisar biyu.3⁄4 mile (1.2 km)

Asalin gidaje uku, Sarki George II ya ba Robert Walpole lambar 10 a cikin 1732.  Walpole ya yarda a kan yanayin cewa kyautar ta kasance ga ofishin Ubangiji na farko na Baitulmalin. Matsayin Ubangiji na Farko na Baitulmalin, don yawancin ƙarni na 18 da 19 kuma koyaushe tun 1905, Firayim Minista ne ke riƙe da shi. Walpole ya ba da umarni ga William Kent ya shiga gidaje uku kuma wannan babban gida ne wanda aka sani da Number 10 Downing Street.

Duk da girmansa da wuri mai kyau kusa da majalisar, 'yan firayim ministoci kaɗan ne suka zauna a 10 Downing Street. Yana da tsada don kiyayewa, watsi, da kuma lalacewa, an shirya lamba 10 don a rushe shi sau da yawa, amma dukiyar ta tsira kuma ta zama da alaƙa da 'yan siyasa da yawa da abubuwan da suka faru a tarihin Burtaniya. A shekarar 1985 Firayim Minista Margaret Thatcher ta ce lamba 10 ta zama "ɗaya daga cikin kayan ado masu daraja a cikin al'adun ƙasa".

Ofishin Firayim Minista, wanda kalmomin Downing Street da Number 10 sune metonyms, suna cikin ginin 10 Downing Street kuma suna cikin Ofishin Ma'aikatar. Ma'aikatan gwamnati da masu ba da shawara na musamman ne ke aiki da shi. 

10 Downing Street mallakar Gwamnatin Mai Girma ce. Ana gudanar da takardar shaidarsa ta shari'a a cikin sunan Sakataren Jiha na gidaje, al'ummomi da karamar hukuma, kuma Sakataren Gwamnati kamfani ne kawai.

## Tarihin ginin

### Lamba ta asali 10
Lamba 10 Downing Street asali mallakar uku ne: babban Gida da ke kallon St James's Park da ake kira "Gidan a baya", Gidan gari a bayansa, da kuma gida. Gidan garin, wanda ginin zamani ya samo sunansa, yana ɗaya daga cikin da yawa da George Downing ya gina tsakanin 1682 da 1684.

Downing, sanannen ɗan leƙen asiri ga Oliver Cromwell kuma daga baya Sarki Charles II, ya saka hannun jari a cikin dukiya kuma ya sami wadata mai yawa.[7] A shekara ta 1654, ya sayi hayar ƙasar da ke kudu da St James's Park, kusa da House a Back a cikin nisan tafiya daga majalisa. Downing ya shirya gina jere na gidajen gari "don mutane masu inganci su zauna a ...  Hanyar da ya gina su yanzu tana ɗauke da sunansa, kuma mafi girma ya zama wani ɓangare na Number 10 Downing Street.&nbsp;

Da sauri kamar yadda saka hannun jari ya bayyana, ya tabbatar da akasin haka. Iyalin Hampden suna da hayar ƙasar da suka ki barin. Downing ya yi yaƙi da da'awarsu, amma ya kasa kuma dole ne ya jira shekaru 30 kafin ya iya ginawa. Lokacin da hayar Hampden ta ƙare, Downing ta sami izinin gina ƙasa a yamma don amfani da ci gaban dukiya na baya-bayan nan. Sabon takardar shaidar da aka bayar a shekara ta 1682 ta karanta: "Sir George Downing ... [an ba shi izini] don gina sabbin gidaje da yawa ... dangane da tanadin cewa ba za a gina shi kusa da ƙafa 14 daga bangon da aka ambata a Yammacin ƙarshen sa ba". Tsakanin 1682 da 1684, Downing ya gina wani cul-de-sac na gidajen gari masu hawa biyu tare da gidajen kocin, dakuna da ra'ayoyin St James's Park. A cikin shekaru, adiresoshin sun canza sau da yawa. A shekara ta 1787, Lamba 5 ya zama "Lamba 10".

## Manazarta