Helen Gwynne-Vaughan

**Dame Helen Charlotte Isabella Gwynne-Vaughan**, GBE (an haife ta **Fraser** ; 21 ga Janairu 1879 - 26 ga Agusta 1967) fitacciyar masaniyar tsirrai ce kuma masaniyar halittu ' yar Ingila. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, ta yi aiki a Rundunar Mata Masu Taimakon Sojojin Sama (WRAF) sannan ta zama Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Sama ta Mata (WRAF) daga 1918 zuwa 1919. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, daga 1939 zuwa 1941, ta yi aiki a matsayin Babban Mai Kula da Ayyukan Yankuna (ATS).

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Helen Charlotte Isabella Fraser a ranar 21 ga Janairu, 1879 a Westminster, London, Ingila.  Ita ce babbar 'yar Kyaftin ɗin Soja mai suna Arthur Hay David Fraser (1852-1884; ɗan Alexander Fraser, Lord Saltoun na 18 ), da Lucy Jane (ta mutu a shekara ta 1939), 'yar Manjo Robert Duncan Fergusson, na Rifle Brigade da kuma rundunar sojojin Royal Ayrshire da Wigton Rifle. Lucy Fraser marubuciya ce kuma mace mai jiran gadon HRH Princess Beatrice ;    a shekara ta 1887, bayan ta zama bazawara, sai ta sake aure, ga jami'in diflomasiyya Francis Hay-Newton. 

Saboda aikin uban gidanta, Fraser ta yi yawancin ƙuruciyarta tana zaune a ƙasashen waje kuma galibin masu kula da gidaje ne suka yi mata karatu.  Daga 1895 zuwa 1896, ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Mata ta Cheltenham, wata makarantar kwana mai zaman kanta ta 'yan mata a Cheltenham, Gloucestershire.  

A shekarar 1899, ta halarci sashen mata na Kwalejin King's, Landan don yin karatun shiga Jami'ar Oxford .  Duk da haka, ta ci gaba da karatu a Kwalejin King's a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ɗalibanta mata na farko da suka yi karatun kimiyyar tsirrai da dabbobi .   An ba ta lambar yabo ta Carter a shekarar 1902, kuma ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin kimiyya (BSc) a Jami'ar Landan a shekarar 1904.  Ta kuma yi karatu a ƙarƙashin Margaret Jane Benson, shugabar Sashen Kimiyyar Tsirrai a Kwalejin Royal Holloway.  An ba ta digiri na uku a fannin Kimiyyar Sinanci (DSc) a shekarar 1907. 

## Sana'a

### Aikin ilimi
Bayan ta kammala karatun digirinta na farko, ta yi aiki a shekarar 1904 a matsayin mai zanga-zanga ga masanin ilmin halittar jiki VH Blackman a Kwalejin Jami'a, Landan . [1] Ta koma Kwalejin Royal Holloway a shekarar 1905 a matsayin mai zanga-zanga ga masanin ilimin tsirrai Margaret Jane Benson . [1] An kara mata matsayi a matsayin mataimakiyar malamar makaranta a shekarar 1906. [1] A shekarar 1907, an ba ta digirin digirgir na uku saboda bincikenta kan yaduwar fungal, kuma an nada ta malamar ilimin tsirrai a Kwalejin Jami'a, Nottingham . [1] [2] A shekarar 1909, an nada ta shugabar sashen ilimin tsirrai a Kwalejin Birkbeck, Landan . [3] Daga 1917 zuwa 1919, ta yi hutu daga jami'a don yin aiki a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya. [1]

A shekarar 1920 ta nemi gurbin zama Farfesa na Regius na fannin tsirrai a Jami'ar Aberdeen ; ba ta yi nasara ba. Madadin haka, ta koma Kwalejin Birkbeck kuma aka naɗa ta Farfesa a fannin tsirrai a shekarar 1921. Ta ci gaba da karatunta kan kwayoyin halittar fungal. Ta kasance Shugabar Sashe daga 1921 zuwa 1939 sannan kuma daga 1941 zuwa 1944. Ta yi ritaya daga cikakken lokaci a jami'a a shekarar 1944 kuma Jami'ar Landan ta naɗa ta Farfesa Emeritus .  

## Manazarta