Angela Bowen

**Angela Bowen** (6 ga Fabrairu, 1936 - 12 ga Yuli, 2018) malamar rawa ce ta Amurka, farfesa a Turanci, marubuciya, kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin 'yan madigo . Ita ma ta kasance batun wani shirin gaskiya na 2016 wanda ya lashe kyaututtuka. 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Bowen a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1936, a Boston, Massachusetts a cikin iyali 'yan Afirka-Amurkawa.   Ita ce ta shida cikin 'ya'ya bakwai.  Ta rasa mahaifinta tana da shekaru 2.  Bowen ta yi horo kuma ta koyar a Makarantar Fasaha ta Elma Lewis da ke Roxbury daga shekara 14 zuwa 22.  

Bowen ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1992 daga Kwalejin Ayyukan Jama'a da Al'umma a Jami'ar Massachusetts Boston, inda ta sami digiri na farko a fannin Ayyukan Dan Adam.    Ta sami digiri na biyu da digiri na uku a Jami'ar Clark, inda ta rubuta rubutun farko game da Audre Lorde : " *Who Say it is Simple: Audre Lorde's Complex Connections to Three US Liberation Movements, 1952-1992"*   Babi na ƙarshe, "All These Liberations", an haɗa shi a cikin *The Wind is Spirit: The Life, Love, and Legacy of Audre Lorde,* wani tarihin rayuwa/anthology na Lambda Literary Award wanda Gloria Joseph ta lashe.  Digirin digirin Bowen yana ɗaya daga cikin digirin farko na Ph.D. da aka bayar a Nazarin Mata a Amurka.  Bowen ta zama mace bakar fata ta farko da ta sami digirin digirgir a fannin Nazarin Mata daga Jami'ar Clark a shekarar 1997. 

## Sana'a
Bowen ta haɗu ta kafa Makarantar Rawa ta Bowen/Peters tare da mijinta na lokacin, mai buga ganga Ken Peters a New Haven, Connecticut, a shekarar 1963.  An rufe makarantar a shekarar 1982.  Bayan rufe makarantar, Bowen da Peters suka sake ta kuma ta fito a matsayin 'yar madigo.  Bowen ta zama mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin 'yan luwaɗi kuma ta yi aiki a kwamitin National Coalition of Black Lesbians and Lusians .   Daga ƙarshe ta zama shugabar ƙungiyar kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin editan mujallar ƙungiyar.  Bowen ta bayyana a shirye-shiryen talabijin da rediyo da dama, ciki har da WBZ-TV da BET don yin magana game da haƙƙin 'yan luwaɗi da kuma ra'ayin mata. 

Bayan ta sami digirin digirgir daga Clark a shekarar 1997, Bowen ta zama farfesa a fannin Turanci da Nazarin Mata a Jami'ar Jihar California, Long Beach (CSULB).   Ita ce mace bakar fata ta farko da ta shiga cikin ma'aikatan sashen Nazarin Mata a CSULB a tarihin shirin na shekaru talatin.  Ta ci gaba da shiga cikin fafutuka yayin da take koyarwa kuma ita ce babbar mai jawabi a bikin kammala karatun Lavender na farko na CSULB. 

Bowen ita ce batun shirin gaskiya na shekarar 2016, *The Passionate Pursuits of Angela Bowen*,  ta abokiyar zamanta Dr. Jennifer Abod da Mary Duprey.  wanda ya lashe kyautar Mafi Kyawun Shirin Gaskiya a cikin rukunin "Tarihin Mata a Amurka" a bikin fina-finai na 2017 To the Contrast About Women and Girls.  Jennifer Abod ta bayyana shirin gaskiya a matsayin "mai mahimmanci." Ta ce: "A cikin jerin fina-finan gaskiya, ba kasafai ake ba da labarin abubuwan da ke tattare da rayuwar mata baƙar fata ba: Ba kasafai ake jin labarin mata ba kuma ba a ganinsu, kuma ba a iya ganin 'yan madigo baƙar fata. Wannan fim yana da mahimmanci ga duk wanda ke son ƙarin sani game da tarihin rawa da fitowar ƙungiyar Black LGBTQ . Labarinta yana ƙarfafa duk wanda ke sha'awar ƙoƙarin zama ainihin kansa, kuma yana ƙalubalantar mu mu gane da kuma godiya da yadda launin fata, aji, jinsi, shekaru, da jima'i za su iya taimaka wa yanke shawara da dabarun rayuwa." https://www.astraeafoundation.org/honorees/angela-bowen/

Fafutukar Bowen ta wuce rayuwarta ta sana'a. A shekarar 1987, bayan da Bowen da Abod suka shiga wani jirgin ruwa da aka sayar musu da sunan "Sapphic shipping" amma suka gano cewa jirgin yana cike da iyalai masu jinsi ɗaya da 'ya'yansu, ma'auratan sun rubuta wani labari a cikin Gay Community News inda suka yi korafin cewa "Duniyar da muke neman mu bari ta kasance a kulle tare da mu a cikin jirgin ruwa da ke tafiya zuwa Bermuda," suna ba da labarin abubuwan da suka faru na ƙin jinin 'yan luwaɗi daga tafiyar. A shekarar 1989, Bowen ta haɗu da wasu shugabannin al'umma waɗanda suka fita daga wani wasan kwaikwayo na tara kuɗi don wani asibitin kiwon lafiya na Boston wanda ke yi wa abokan cinikin 'yan luwaɗi da 'yan madigo hidima bayan da 'yan barkwanci farare biyu suka yi barkwanci na wariyar launin fata.

Baya ga kasancewarta jigon littattafai da shirye-shiryen fina-finai, Bowen ta kasance marubuciya mai ƙwarewa a rayuwarta. Baya ga rubuce-rubucenta na ilimi, ta kuma kasance mai ba da gudummawa ga Labaran Al'umma na Gay .  A shekarar 2017, Gidauniyar Astraea Lesbian Foundation for Justice ta karrama Bowen saboda aikinta da fafutukarta tare da lambar yabo ta Acey Social Justice Feminist.  An ba da kyautar ga 'yan madigo, 'yan luwadi ko kuma mutanen da suka canza jinsi sama da shekaru sittin da biyu don girmamawa ga fafutukarsu da gudummawar da suka bayar ga al'ummominsu.  Lokacin da Bowen ta mutu a shekarar 2018 ta bar wani babban tarihi wanda Abod ya tattara kuma ya adana. An ba da gudummawar tarihin ga Kwalejin Spelman, wacce kuma ke ɗauke da tarihin Lorde. 

## Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa
Bowen ya fara auren Ken Peters a shekarun 1960; suna da 'ya'ya uku.   Sun rabu a shekarun 1980, lokacin da ta fito a matsayin 'yar madigo.  Bowen ya haɗu da Jennifer Abod a wani taron Take Back the Night a New Haven a shekarar 1979.  Jennifer Abod ta ce game da taronsu: "Na fara ganin Angela a watan Yulin 1979 a New Haven, Connecticut. Ta kasance mai jawabi a taron bayan wani taron Take Back the Night da aka kunna a duk faɗin birnin da ke nuna adawa da cin zarafin mata." https://www.astraeafoundation.org/honorees/angela-bowen/ Sun yi aure a shekarar 2013.  Tana da cutar Alzheimer . 

Bowen ta rasu a ranar 12 ga Yuli, 2018, a Long Beach, California, tana da shekaru 82.   Ta bar 'yan'uwanta mata biyu, Alphena Bowen Clark da Catherine Bowen Tyler; 'ya'yanta tare da Ken Peters, Ntombi A. Peters da Jomo K. Peters; 'yar kishiyarta, Elaine Peters; 'yar riƙonta, Sharon Smith; da kuma jika. 

## Manazarta