open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Daidaitaccen shigarwa

**Equivalent input** (also **input-referred**, **referred-to-input** (**RTI**), or **input-related**), is a method of referring to the signal or noise level at the output of a system as if it were due to an input to the same system. This input's value is called the **Equivalent input**. This is accomplished by removing all signal changes (e.g. amplifier gain, transducer sensitivity, etc.) to get the units to match the input.

## Misalai

### Daidaitaccen sautin shigarwa
Makirufo yana canza kuzarin sauti zuwa makamashin lantarki . Makirufo suna da wani matakin hayaniyar lantarki a lokacin fitarwarsu. Wannan hayaniyar na iya samun gudummawa daga motsin diaphragm bazuwar, hayaniyar zafi, ko wasu hanyoyi da dama, amma duk ana iya ɗaukar su a matsayin tushen hayaniyar sauti na ƙirƙira wanda ke saka sauti a cikin makirufo (wanda yanzu ba shi da hayaniya). Nau'ikan da ke kan wannan hayaniyar ba yanzu suna da volts ba, amma na'urorin matsin sauti ( pascals ko dBSPL ), wanda za a iya kwatanta shi kai tsaye da shigarwar matsin sauti da ake so. Ana kiran wannan da *hayaniyar shigarwa daidai* (EIN), ko *hayaniyar da aka ambata a cikin shigarwa* (IRN), ko *hayaniyar* *da aka ambata-zuwa-shigarwa* (RTI).

### Matakin tsangwama da ya shafi shigarwa
Na'urar da ke amfani da makirufo na iya fuskantar tsangwama ta hanyar lantarki wanda ke haifar da abubuwan sauti . Matsalar ba ta cikin makirufo ba ce, amma matakin tsangwama za a iya *danganta shi* da shigarwar don kwatantawa da matakin shigarwar da aka saba gani don ganin yadda kayan aikin ke ji . Ana kiran wannan *matakin tsangwama mai alaƙa da shigarwar* (IRIL).

## Nassoshi

## Ƙarin karatu

*  (67 pages)
*
Ellen Ida Benham

**Ellen Ida Benham** (12 Maris 1871 - 27 Afrilu 1917) ta kasance malamar kimiyya, shugabar makarantar kuma majagaba a Kudancin Australia .

## Tarihi
An haifi Ellen a "Talarno", Kapunda, Kudancin Ostiraliya ga lauya William Hoare Benham (27 Nuwamba 1833 -), wanda ya isa Kudancin Australia a cikin jirgin *Gipsy* a watan Agustan 1853, da matarsa ta biyu Amie Benham née Huggins . Mahaifinta ya yi aiki a matsayin mai aski na tsawon shekaru uku kuma ya kori bijimai kafin ya zauna a matsayin magatakarda na lauya kuma ya yi karatun doka.

Ellen ta sami ilimi a asirce, sannan a Makarantar Ci gaba ta 'Yan Mata kafin ta dauki karatun kimiyya a Jami'ar Adelaide, ta kammala karatun BSc tare da girmamawa a 1892.  Ta koyar da kimiyya a makarantar Christ Church Anglican a Kapunda na ɗan gajeren lokaci kafin ta yi yawon shakatawa na Ingila da Turai. Ta dauki matsayin mataimaki a Makarantar Dryburgh, sannan ta koyar a Makarantar Tormore House na dan kadan fiye da shekaru goma sha biyu. A wannan lokacin ta yi tafiya zuwa Ingila, inda ta sami difloma ta Oxford na Ilimi . Bayan mutuwar Farfesa Tate ta koyar da ilimin shuke-shuke a Jami'ar Adelaide kuma an nada ta malami yayin da take jiran isowar Farfesa Osborn  Don haka ita ce, a irin wannan yanayi ga Ada Mary Lambert a Jami'an Melbourne, mace ta farko da aka nada zuwa mukamin ilimi a jami'ar.

## Sanarwa
A shekara ta 1922 an kafa Ellen Benham Scholarship a Walford don nuna godiya ga gudummawar da ta bayar ga ci gaban makarantar. Benham Wing, wanda ya haɗa da ɗakunan kimiyya, a cikin abin da ya zama Walford Church of England Girls' Grammar School, an kuma sanya masa suna.

Ta kasance co-kafa kuma mai goyon bayan Jami'ar Adelaide ta Mata, kuma shugabanta na shekaru da yawa.

Benham Street, a cikin unguwar Canberra na Chisholm, an sanya masa suna ne don girmama ta.

## Manazarta
Brian Hone

Sir **Brian William Hone** (1907-1978) ya kasance babban jami'in Australiya kuma, a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, Mai wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na farko.

An haifi Brian a ranar 1 ga Yulin 1907 a yankin Adelaide na Semaphore, Kudancin Australia, ga Dokta Frank Sandland Hone da matarsa, Lucy (née Henderson). Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Prince Alfred da Jami'ar Adelaide (BA Hons, 1928) inda ya lashe Blues a wasan cricket, kwallon kafa da wasan tennis. A lokacin wasan kurket na 1929-30 ya bude bugawa Kudancin Australia, inda ya zira kwallaye dari a kan Victoria kuma ya kai kusan 50. A cikin 1930 an ba shi Rhodes Scholarship don halartar New College, Oxford (BA, 1932; MA, 1938), kuma ya sami girmamawa a Turanci. (C. S. Lewis shine malaminsa). Ya lashe Blues a wasan cricket da tennis.[1]

Brian ɗan'uwan Dauda-linkid="183" href="./Garton_Hone" id="mwJg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Garton Hone">Garton Hone ne. Shi da matarsa Enid suna da 'ya'ya hudu ciki har da malami David.

1933-1939: An koyar da shi a Kwalejin Marlborough, Wiltshire, kuma an sanya shi shugaban sabon sashen Turanci. Yayinda yake Ingila ya rubuta Cricket Practice and Tactics, (London, 1937).

1940-1950: Shugaban makarantar, Makarantar Cranbrook, Sydney. 

1951-1970: Shugaban makarantar, Melbourne Grammar School.

1973-1974: Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Monash. 

Ya mutu a birnin Paris a ranar 28 ga Mayu 1978. Rashinsa yana kusa da itacen Norfolk Island pine da aka dasa a cikin girmamawar Dr J E Bromby [1] a filin makarantar Melbourne Grammar School. Ya kasance zuriyar William Hone, ta hanyar ɗan William mai zane-zane Alfred Hone.

## Manazarta
Sonja Marie Best

**Sonja Marie Best** Masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne na Australiya-Amurka. Ita ce shugabar sashen rigakafi da pathogenesis a Rocky Mountain Laboratories. Mafi kyawun bincike yana hulɗa tsakanin ƙwayoyin cuta masu ƙwayoyin cutar da kuma maganin rigakafin mai masaukin ta amfani da flavivirus a matsayin abin koyi.

## Ilimi
Mafi kyawun ya sami BS tare da manyan fannoni a cikin rigakafi da microbiology da kuma na biyu a cikin ilimin dabbobi daga Jami'ar Adelaide .  Ta sami Ph.D. a cikin ilmin sunadarai da ilmin halitta daga Jami'ar Kasa ta Australia inda ta yi nazarin kwayar cutar myxoma. A cikin 1999, ta gudanar da bincikenta na postdoctoral a Rocky Mountain Laboratories (RML) kan rawar da apoptosis ke takawa a cikin kwafin parvoviruses.

## Ayyuka
Mafi kyawun ta zauna a RML a matsayin abokin bincike kuma a cikin 2007, ta zama ma'aikaciyar kimiyya. Ta bincika hulɗar kwayar cuta da mai karɓar bakuncin da ke da alaƙa da ƙwayoyin cuta na flavivirus. A wannan lokacin ne ta haɓaka sha'awarta game da rigakafin da aka haifa da kuma hanyoyin Kwayoyin RNA flaviviruses ke amfani da su don kauce wa waɗannan martani masu mahimmanci. A shekara ta 2009, Best ta kafa wani dakin gwaje-gwaje mai zaman kansa a matsayin mai bincike don fadada karatunta kan hulɗar da ke tsakanin ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa da kuma maganin rigakafi. Ita ce shugabar sashen rigakafi da pathogenesis. Mafi kyawun yayi bincike kan hanyoyin da ke haifar da aikin rigakafi na farko bayan kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta na RNA da kuma yadda ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cutar da ke fitowa ke guje wa waɗannan martani na farko don haifar da cuta. Misalai na kwayar cutar ta sun hada da flaviviruses masu tasowa (kamar Kwayar cutar Zika da encephalitis) da filoviruses (Kwayar cutar Ebola). 

## Kyaututtuka da girmamawa
A shekara ta 2011, an ba Best lambar yabo ta Shugaban kasa ta Farko ga Masana kimiyya da Injiniyoyi saboda aikinta kan murkushewar flavivirus na amsawar rigakafi.

## Manazarta
Encompass

**Encompass**, **ƙungiyar Computing ta kasuwanci**, ita ce ƙungiyar masu amfani da kwamfuta ta asali ga abokan cinikin kasuwanci na Hewlett-Packard . Tarihin Encompass ya fara ne da DECUS, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1961, ga abokan cinikin Kamfanin Kayan Aikin Dijital, wanda Compaq ya saya a shekarar 1998. An kafa reshen Amurka a matsayin ƙungiyar masu amfani da Encompass US

Hewlett-Packard ya mallaki Compaq a shekarar 2002. Encompass ya ci gaba da zama ƙungiyar masu amfani da HP, wadda aka yi niyya ga abokan cinikin kasuwanci na duk kayan aiki, software, da ayyukan HP.

Manufar Encompass ita ce haɓaka musayar bayanai ta fasaha tsakanin membobinta da kuma tsakanin membobin da Hewlett-Packard .

Ƙungiyar Masu Amfani da Connect, wadda aka kafa daga haɗin gwiwar Encompass, Interex EMEA, da ITUG a watan Mayu na 2008 ita ce babbar ƙungiyar masu amfani da Hewlett-Packard wadda ke wakiltar sama da mahalarta 50,000. Duba Connect (ƙungiyar masu amfani) don ƙarin bayani.

Hukumar Encompass a lokacin haɗakar ta ƙunshi Nina Buik, Kristi Browder, Glen Kuykendall, Anthony Ioele, Steve Davidek, Dena Wright, John Maynen, Clyde Poole, da Bill Johnson. An yaba wa tsoffin daraktoci biyu da suka taka rawa wajen daidaita haɗin gwiwar, Chris Koppe da Jim Becker.

## Ofishin Jakadanci
EnCompass ta yi haɗin gwiwa da Compaq na farko sannan Hewlett-Packard a tarurrukan fasaha na ƙasa (a Amurka):

* CETS 2001 (Taron Fasaha na Compaq Enterprise): Satumba 10–14, 2001, Anaheim, California
* HP-ETS 2002 (Taron Fasaha na HP Enterprise): 7-11 ga Oktoba, St. Louis, Missouri
* HP World 2003: 11-15 ga Agusta, 2003, Atlanta, Georgia, tare da haɗin gwiwar Interex da kuma HP
* HP World 2004: Agusta 16–20, 2004, Chicago, Illinois, tare da haɗin gwiwar Interex da HP
* Taron Fasaha na HP 2005: 17-20 ga Oktoba, 2005, Orlando, Florida, tare da haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyar masu amfani da OpenView Forum International da kuma HP
* Taron Fasaha na HP 2006: Satumba 17–21, 2006, Houston, Texas, tare da haɗin gwiwar HP, ITUG, da OpenView Forum International
* Taron Fasaha na HP & Expo 2007: 17-21 ga Yuni, 2007, Las Vegas, Nevada, tare da haɗin gwiwa da HP da ITUG

Encompass kuma tana da ƙungiyoyin Masu Amfani na Gida (LUGs) da dama a faɗin Amurka, da kuma ƙungiyoyin Masu Sha'awa na Musamman (SIGs) kan batutuwa daban-daban.

Encompass ta kuma gudanar da shirye-shiryen yanar gizo, tarurrukan karawa juna sani na gida, da sauran shirye-shirye.

Encompass tana kula da shirin taron karawa juna sani da kuma baje kolin kasuwanci na gaba da taron HP Technology Forum & Expo.

Ƙungiyoyin Encompass da ba na Amurka ba sun haɗa da:

* Kamfani da Kanada
* Kawowa New Zealand
* Kamfas Ostiraliya

## Duba kuma
Haɗa (ƙungiyar masu amfani)

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* An Archived a Amurka   
* Taron Fasaha da Nunin HP
* Archived OpenVMS.org   
* Tru64.org
Ysola Best

**Ysola Mary Best** (15 ga Nuwamba 1940 - 19 ga Mayu 2007) marubuciya ce ta Australiya kuma dattijo na Mutanen Yugambeh . An san mafi kyau da ayyukanta da rawar da ta taka wajen adana harshe, tarihi da al'adun Yugambeh. Ta rubuta game da al'adun Aboriginal da tarihi. Yawancin ayyukan da ta wallafa game da ƙungiyar yaren Yugambeh na Kudu maso Gabashin Queensland ne.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haife shi a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba 1940, Best shine ƙarami na Edith Graham da Stanley Yuke. Kakarta Jenny Graham, tsohuwa ce ta asalin mutanen Yugambeh. Best ta yi yarinta a Southport a Queensland.

Mafi kyawun ya halarci makarantar Star of the Sea Convent a Southport. Ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Adelaide a 1990 tare da digiri na farko a cikin Nazarin Aboriginal kuma a shekara mai zuwa an ba ta difloma na digiri a cikin Gudanar da Gidan Tarihi na Al'umma daga Jami'an James Cook.

## Ayyuka
Best ta shafe mafi yawan rayuwarta tana bincike da rubutu game da Yugambeh . Tare da 'yar'uwarta, Patricia O'Connor Best ta yi aiki don adana al'adun Yugambeh da al'adu. A shekara ta 1985, Best da 'yar'uwarta Patricia O'Connor sun sami nasarar yin kira ga Jami'ar Queensland don dawo da kwarangwal na kakanninsu daga wuraren binnewar Broadboach. 'Yan uwan sun yi aiki don kafa Yugambeh Museum Language and Heritage Center a Beenleigh wanda aka buɗe a shekarar 1995.

A cikin 1997, Best da Alex Barlow sun buga Kombumerri - Saltwater People . Littafin ya ba da cikakken bayani game da tarihin Mutanen Kombumerri kuma ya rubuta abubuwan da Best ya samu da tarihin iyali.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Mafi kyawun ya auri Robin Best a shekarar 1962. Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu, Hague da Shannon. A cikin 1980, Best da mijinta suka koma Dutsen Tamborine, ƙasashen gargajiya na dangin Wangerriburra na mutanen Yugambeh. Ta shafe mafi yawan shekarunta na baya a kan Dutsen, tana rubutu da bincike game da tarihin mutanenta.

Ta mutu daga ciwon daji a ranar 19 ga Mayu 2007 tana da shekaru 66.

A shekara ta 2011, an keɓe ginin Kungala a Gidan Tarihi na Yugambeh a gare ta bayan mutuwarta. Wasu daga cikin ayyukanta ana kuma gudanar da su a gidan kayan gargajiya.

## Manazarta
Emtech

Taron **EmTech** (takaice don "Fasahohin Farfadowa"), wanda mujallar Massachusetts Institute of Technology Review ta shirya, taro ne na shekara-shekara wanda ke nuna ƙirƙira da sabbin ci gaba a fannin injiniya da fasaha.  An fara taron na 2011 a shekarar 1999, an shirya shi don 18-19 ga Oktoba a MIT.  Ana kuma shirya Emtech a yankuna daban-daban kamar Turai,   MENA,   Latin Amurka,   Asiya Pacific,  China  da Indiya .  

Baya ga kwanaki biyu na gabatarwa, taron ya nuna wadanda suka lashe kyautar TR35 ta shekara-shekara, inda aka karrama manyan masu kirkire-kirkire 35 a duniya 'yan kasa da shekaru 35.  Wasu daga cikin shahararrun wadanda suka lashe kyautar sun hada da Larry Page  da Sergey Brin  (masu kirkirar Google ), Mark Zuckerberg (wanda ya kirkiro Facebook ),  Jack Dorsey (wanda ya kirkiro Twitter ),  da Konstantin Novoselov, wanda daga baya ya lashe kyautar Nobel a fannin kimiyyar lissafi . 

## Nassoshi
Gordon Bilney

**Gordon Neil Bilney** (21 Yuni 1939 - 28 Oktoba 2012) ɗan siyasan Australiya ne. Ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Labor ta Australiya na Majalisar Wakilai ta Australiya don kujerar Kingston daga 1983 zuwa 1996.

An haifi Bilney a Renmark, Kudancin Australia . Kafin ya shiga siyasa, Bilney ya kasance jami'in diflomasiyya, kuma aikin da ya fara zaɓa, kafin haka, shine likitan hakora. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Wakilin Dindindin na Ostiraliya a OECD daga 1975 zuwa 1978 kuma a matsayin Babban Kwamishinan Australiya a West Indies daga 1980 zuwa 1982, a Jamaica .

An fara zabarsa a majalisar tarayya a Zaben tarayya na 1983 lokacin da Jam'iyyar Labor, a karkashin jagorancin Bob Hawke, ta kayar da gwamnatin Liberal-National Party wacce ta rike gwamnati a karkashin Firayim Minista Malcolm Fraser . Ya lashe kujerar Kingston, wanda ke zaune a kudancin Adelaide, Kudancin Australia, inda ya kayar da dan majalisa mai suna Grant Chapman. Daga baya aka sake zabar Bilney a wannan kujerar a zaben 1984, 1987, 1990 da 1993.

Tsakanin 1990 da 1996, Bilney ya kasance Minista a cikin gwamnatocin Labor na Bob Hawke da Paul Keating . Ya kasance Ministan Kimiyya da Ma'aikata na Tsaro daga 1990 zuwa 1993 da Ministan Haɗin Kai da Harkokin Tsibirin Pacific daga 1993 zuwa 1996.

Dan takarar Liberal Susan Jeanes ne ya kayar da Bilney a Zaben tarayya na 1996.

Bilney ya mutu a ranar 28 ga Oktoba 2012 yana da shekaru 73.

## Manazarta
Tsarin hasken wuta da aka saka

**Tsarin hasken walƙiya da aka saka**, ko kuma **tsarin hasken walƙiya da ke cikin shimfidar hanya**, na'urar kare zirga-zirga ce da aka sanya a wuraren da masu tafiya a ƙasa ko mahadar hanya don ƙara wayar da kan direbobi game da masu tafiya a ƙasa ko siginar zirga-zirga . Waɗannan tsarin galibi suna ƙunshe da fitilun LED da aka sanya a cikin farfajiyar hanya, waɗanda aka sanya su don fuskantar zirga-zirgar ababen hawa ko masu tafiya a ƙasa. 

Idan ana amfani da su, fitilun da aka saka suna walƙiya ko haskakawa tare, suna sanar da direbobi game da canje-canjen siginar zirga-zirga ko masu tafiya a ƙasa. Waɗannan fitilun suna aiki tare da tsarin hasken zirga-zirga don haɓaka inganci gabaɗaya, tabbatar da faɗakarwa mai kyau don lokutan ketarewa masu tafiya a ƙasa da canje-canjen sigina. A wasu yankuna, waɗannan tsarin suna aiki koyaushe don fayyace hanyoyin zirga-zirga, suna ba da jagora mai ci gaba ga direbobi.

## Tarihi
Manufar Tsarin Haske wuta mai haske da Matukin jirgin sama Michael Harrison ne ya ƙirƙiro manufar tsarin hasken da ke walƙiya a kan titin jirgin sama a Santa Rosa, California, a shekarar 1992 bayan wani abokinsa ya yi hatsarin da ya yi a kan hanya.  Ya dogara ne akan ƙwarewarsa da fitilun titin jirgin sama da aka saka a kan titin, Mista Harrison ya ci gaba da kafa Lightguard Systems . 

## Nau'o'i
Akwai nau'ikan fitilun da ke aiki a kan titin da aka saka guda biyu daban-daban, waɗanda ba sa aiki da kuma waɗanda ba sa aiki. Waɗannan nau'ikan sun bambanta a yadda tsarin ke aiki.

Tare da tsarin da ba ya aiki, mai tafiya a ƙasa yana kunna na'urar ne kawai ta hanyar tafiya zuwa ga hanyar da ta wuce. Ana samun wannan ta hanyar amfani da ɗaya daga cikin na'urorin gano motsi da yawa. Waɗannan sun haɗa da microwave, na'urori masu auna motsi, gano bidiyo, faranti na matsi, ko hasken tafiya mai haske.  Tare da tsarin da ke aiki, na'urar yawanci tana kunnawa ta hanyar maɓallin da mai tafiya a ƙasa ke turawa don ketarewa. Waɗannan tsarin da ke aiki gabaɗaya suna kama da alamun masu tafiya a ƙasa masu haske a mahadar zirga-zirga. Saboda yawancin masu tafiya a ƙasa ba za su san cewa suna buƙatar danna maɓalli don kunna tsarin ba, galibi ana ba da shawarar shigar da tsarin da ba ya aiki.

## Inganci
Idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan na'urorin gargaɗi, ingancin tsarin hasken walƙiya na shimfidar hanya da aka haɗa da alama yana da girma.  Lokacin da ake kusantar hanyar ketarewa tare da tsarin hasken walƙiya na shimfidar hanya da aka haɗa, direbobi sun fi iya rage gudu da kuma miƙa wuya ga masu tafiya a ƙasa fiye da lokacin da direbobi suka kusanci hanyar ketarewa tare da wani nau'in na'urar gargaɗi mai haske.  Haka kuma, idan aka kwatanta da hanyar ketarewa ba tare da na'urar gargaɗi ba, direbobi sun fi iya rage gudu da miƙa wuya ga masu tafiya a ƙasa lokacin da tsarin hasken walƙiya na shimfidar hanya da aka haɗa yake.

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Binciken Ingantawa ga Mahadar Masu Tafiya a Kafa FHWA.dot.gov
Samarendra Nath Biswas

**Samarendra Nath Biswas** (1 ga Mayu 1926 - 4 ga Janairu 2005) masanin kimiyyar lissafi ne na Indiya  wanda ya kware a fannin kimiyyar kimiyyar kuzari, kimiyyar ƙwayoyin lissafi da kimiyyar ilimin lissafi kuma an san shi da aikinsa a fannoni daban-daban.

## Rayuwa, ilimi da aiki
Samarendra Nath Biswas (1 ga Mayu 1926 - 4 ga Janairu 2005)  an haife shi ne a yankin Bengal wanda ba a raba shi ba yanzu wani ɓangare na Bangladesh kuma ya sami karatunsa a can har zuwa matakin digiri na biyu daga kwalejin Pabna Edward. Ya sami digiri na DPhil (1951) daga Jami'ar Calcutta da digiri na PhD (a karkashin kulawar Herbert S. Green) (1958) daga Jami'an Adelaide, Australia. Ya yi aiki a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, ƙwararre a fannin ilimin lissafi na asali. Ya kasance Fellow a Cibiyar Nazarin Tushen Tata, Mumbai (1958-64). Farfesa na Physics, Cibiyar Nazarin Ci gaba a Physics, Sashen Physics da Astrophysics, Jami'ar Delhi (1969-91),  a lokacin da ya kuma jagoranci Sashen na tsawon shekaru uku (1977-1979). Ya kasance Dean, Makarantar Kimiyya ta Muhalli, Jami'ar Jawahar Lal Nehru, Delhi (1974-76).

## Binciken kimiyya
Biswas ya yi aiki a fannoni daban-daban na kimiyyar lissafi mai ƙarfi da kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ya haɗa da aikinsa na farko tare da haɗin gwiwar Herbert S. Green kan lissafin Bethe-Salpeter da mafitarsa, bincike da yawa a cikin yanayin kimiyyar lissafi na barbashi, electrodynamics na kwantum mai girma biyu, nazarin oscillator na anharmonic a cikin makanikan quantum, ka'idar watsawa, nazarin dangantakar watsawa a cikin hanyoyin karo na barbashi na asali bisa ga daidaito da nazari, matakan geometric na aikin raƙuman ruwa a cikin makanikan quantum da na gani na quantum, lissafin yanayin taurarin neutron, taurarin quark, hanyoyin hulɗa mai rauni, raguwar rauni da ta shafi kwararar tsaka tsaki, hanyoyin da suka shafi asarar makamashin taurari, supersymmetry a cikin kwararar mai rauni, rashin daidaituwa na chiral, super-propagator don filin da ba na polynomial ba, canje-canje na matakai a cikin ka'idojin ma'auni, haɓaka makanikan gargajiya na supersymmetric, makanikan quantum masu girma biyu, ƙididdigar stochastic, taurarin quark, ka'idar fraction ci gaba, rawar parastatistics a cikin makanikan kididdiga,

## Littattafan da aka rubuta

* Masana'antu na gargajiya ( ) 
* *Quantum Mechanics* ( ) 

## Manazarta
Kunshin cirewa na gaggawa

Wani kayan aiki ne da ake amfani da shi wajen haƙa da kuma gyara rijiyoyin mai da iskar gas masu zurfi na teku, ta hanyar Mobile Offshore Drilling Rigs (MODU's) da Rijiyoyin Rijiyoyi (WIV's). An tsara EDP ne don amfani a lokacin gaggawa, lokacin da MODU ko WIV ke buƙatar cirewa da sauri, da kuma nisantar rijiyar mai/gas da take haƙawa ko take aiki a kanta.  Misalan lokacin da wannan zai iya zama dole sun haɗa da yanayi mai tsanani da ba a zata ba wanda ya wuce ƙarfin MODU/Jirgin ruwa na riƙe matsayinsa. 

A ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun, ana haɗa MODU/WIV (wanda ke iyo a saman teku) da rijiyar mai/iskar gas (wanda aka haƙa a cikin gadon teku) ta hanyar bututun ƙarfe a tsaye (ko kusa da tsaye), wanda ake kira riser na ruwa . Ana motsa kayan aiki da ruwa a cikin riser na ruwa kamar yadda ake buƙata zuwa/daga rijiyar. A ƙasan riser na ruwa, EDP da sauran abubuwan da ke haɗa riser zuwa rijiyar kuma suna barin rijiyar ta rufe idan an buƙata, sun ƙunshi ' Lower Riser Package ' (LRP). 

Idan aka buƙaci yin hakan, EDP tana katsewa daga LRP kuma tana ware mai riser daga muhalli. Don haka EDP tana bawa MODU/WIV damar katsewa cikin aminci da sauri daga rijiyar ƙarƙashin teku da kuma ƙaura cikin gaggawa. An tsara EDP don gudanar da aikinsa yayin da yake cikin kaya tare da kusurwar katsewa mai yawa.

EDP ya ƙunshi mahaɗi zuwa sauran LRP, bawul ɗin keɓewa, mai tarawa, tsarin sarrafa ƙarƙashin teku da wurin haɗi a saman don haɗawa da bututun riser. Bawul ɗin riƙewa na samarwa yana rufewa a cikin riser kuma bawul ɗin babban annulus yana rufewa a cikin riser. Bawul ɗin crossover yana ba da damar zagayawa na riser bayan katsewa. 

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* http://www.fmctechnologies.com/en/SearchResults.aspx?q=WAS_REV043008&r=%7b0FB15A84-0F7E-4776-A16A-A2C81BAEF397%7d

## Nassoshi
Elizabeth Bolton

**Elizabeth Mary Bolton** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1950) lauya ce ta Australiya da ta yi ritaya, alƙali kuma majistare. An nada ta Babban Alkalin Kudancin Australia a shekara ta 2007, ta zama mace ta farko da ta jagoranci kotun kotun a jihar.

## Rayuwa
Bolton ta yi karatun wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi a Jami'ar Adelaide, sannan ta bi doka a makarantar shari'a ta jami'ar. Ta fara aiki a matsayin lauya a shekarar 1985. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai gabatar da kara tare da Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Kudancin Australia, sannan kuma tare da Ma-aikatar Harkokin Shari'a na Commonwealth. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1999 an nada ta a matsayin majistare. A shekara ta 2004 an nada ta manajan yanki a Kotun Majistare ta Christies Beach.

A shekara ta 2007, an nada Bolton a matsayin Babban Alkalin Kudancin Australia ta zama mace ta farko da ta jagoranci kotun kotun a jihar. Bolton ya yi murabus daga mukamin a watan Yulin 2015 yana mai ambaton matsalolin kiwon lafiya.

## Manazarta
Simone Bignall

**Simone Bignall** Masanin falsafar siyasa ce ta Australiya. Ita babbar mai bincike ce a Jumbunna Indigenous Nations da Collaborative Futures Hub a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Sydney . Ayyukanta na ilimi sun mayar da hankali kan "excolonialism" (ko "fitowa daga mulkin mallaka") a matsayin falsafar sauyawa na hadin gwiwa.

## Ilimi
Bignall ta kammala digirin digirinta a fannin Falsafa a Jami'ar Sydney a shekara ta 2007, karkashin kulawar Farfesa Moira Gatens . A shekara ta 2010, ta sami lambar yabo ta postdoctoral kuma daga baya aka nada ta Malami a Falsafa a Jami'ar New South Wales. Ta shiga Ofishin Shirye-shiryen 'Yan asalin ƙasar da Haɗin kai a Jami'ar Flinders ta Kudancin Australia kafin ta fara aikinta na yanzu a Jami'iyyar Fasaha ta Sydney a shekarar 2019.

## Bincike
Babban sha'awar Bignall ta bincike ya fada cikin fagen Falsafar siyasa ta bayan mulkin mallaka, wanda aka sanar da shi musamman ta hanyar aikinta tare da 'yan asalin da ke cikin gina al'umma mai zaman kanta don ƙaddamar da kai da yarjejeniya. Littattafanta galibi suna neman kawance tsakanin 'yan asalin Australiya da falsafancin Turai na zamani, da nufin samun ra'ayoyin ra'ayi. Ayyukanta na ilimi suna jagorantar ta hanyar sha'awa ta musamman a cikin asalin falsafa daga Spinoza zuwa Deleuze kuma suna ratsa mahimman post-humanism da falsafar nahiyar, anarchism, mulkin mallaka da siyasa da al'adu, ka'idojin bayyanar da hukumomi, mata da ɗabi'a.

Tare da Larissa Behrendt, Daryle Rigney da Linda Tuhiwai Smith, Bignall ya kafa co-editor na jerin littattafan Indigenous Nations and Collaborative Futures, wanda Rowman da Littlefield International suka buga. Ta kuma hada kai da jerin Rowman da Littlefield a kan Falsafar Continental a Austral-Asia . Ita ce tsohuwar shugabar kungiyar Australasian Society for Continental Philosophy (2016-2018). Dokta Bignall an fi saninta da bincike kan sauye-sauyen tsarin, musamman dangane da siyasar Decolonisation da Postcolonialism. Ta bayyana a kai a kai a matsayin mai tsarawa da malami ga Makarantar bazara ta shekara-shekara ta Farfesa Rosi Braidotti a kan Posthumanism a Jami'ar Utrecht kuma tana shiga cikin ayyukan kasa da kasa da kungiyoyin bincike da ke zaune a Kanada, Ostiraliya da Ingila ke tallafawa.

## Bincike
Bignall ya kasance co-editor na Posthuman Ecologies, wanda Rowman & Littlefield ya buga a cikin 2019, tare da Rosi Braidotti . Wani bita a cikin *Nazarin Faransanci* ya bayyana, "ƙarar ta zama dole kuma ta dace, tana nuna ci gaba da tasirin karni na ashirin da tunanin Faransanci na zamani a cikin ilimin ɗan adam".

## Littattafai

* *Hukumar Postcolonial: Critique da Constructivism* (Edinburgh 2010) 
* *Deleuze da Postcolonial* (tare da Paul R. Patton, 2010) 
* *Agamben da mulkin mallaka* (tare da Marcelo Svirsky, 2012) 
* *Deleuze da Pragmatism* (tare da Sean Bowden da Paul R. Patton, 2014) 
* Muhalli na bayan mutum (tare da Rosi Braidotti, 2019) 
* *Excolonialism: Da'a bayan Farin Ciki*, mai zuwa

## Manazarta
Na'urar auna zafin jiki ta lantarki ( EPD )

Na'urar **auna zafin jiki ta lantarki** ( **EPD** ) na'urar auna zafin jiki ta lantarki ce ta zamani don kimanta yawan hasken ionizing da mutum ke amfani da shi don kare radiation . Na'urar auna zafin jiki ta lantarki tana da fa'idodi fiye da tsofaffin nau'ikan cewa tana da ayyuka masu inganci da yawa, kamar sa ido akai-akai wanda ke ba da damar gargaɗin faɗakarwa a matakan da aka saita da kuma karanta adadin da aka tara kai tsaye. Ana iya sake saita shi zuwa sifili bayan amfani, kuma yawancin samfuran suna ba da damar sadarwa ta lantarki ta kusa da filin don karantawa da sake saitawa ta atomatik. 

Yawanci ana sanya su a wajen tufafi, kamar a ƙirji ko jiki don wakiltar yawan da jiki ke buƙata. Wannan wurin yana lura da fallasa ga mafi yawan muhimman gabobin jiki kuma yana wakiltar yawan nauyin jiki.

Waɗannan suna da amfani musamman a wuraren da ake yawan shan magani inda lokacin zama na mai shan maganin ya takaita saboda ƙarancin shan magani.

## Na'urar auna PIN
Ana amfani da diodes na PIN don auna yawan radiation da ake buƙata don aikace-aikacen sojoji da ma'aikata.

## Na'urorin auna MOSFET
Ana amfani da na'urorin auna zafin jiki na MOSFET  yanzu a matsayin na'urorin auna zafin jiki na asibiti don hasken radiation na radiotherapy. Babban fa'idodin na'urorin MOSFET sune:

1. Na'urar auna MOSFET tana karanta kai tsaye tare da yanki mai siriri sosai (kasa da 2 μm).

2. Girman MOSFET na zahiri idan an naɗe shi bai wuce 4 ba&nbsp;mm.

3. Siginar bayan an yi amfani da ita za ta kasance a ajiye ta har abada kuma ba ta dogara da adadin da aka ɗauka ba.

Oxide na ƙofar MOSFETs, wanda aka saba amfani da shi azaman silicon dioxide, abu ne mai aiki a cikin dosimeters na MOSFET. Radiation yana haifar da lahani (wanda ke aiki kamar nau'ikan ramin electron) a cikin oxide, wanda hakan ke shafar ƙarfin wutar lantarki na MOSFET. Wannan canjin ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana daidai da adadin radiation. Ana kuma gabatar da madadin dielectrics na ƙofar high-k kamar hafnium oxide, hafnium dioxide  da aluminum oxides a matsayin masu auna radiation.

## Duba kuma

* Ma'aunin fiber na quartz
* Na'urar auna zafin jiki ta Thermoluminescent
* Na'urar auna tambarin fim
* Kwatanta ma'aunin dosimeters

## Manazarta
Samfurin lantarki

Manufar yin **samfurin lantarki** shine a yi ƙira da kuma kwaikwayon tsarin lantarki, ta yadda za a iya bincika sigoginsa na zahiri kafin a gina ainihin tsarin. Kimanta sigogi ta amfani da ka'idar kimantawa daban-daban tare da gwaje-gwajen jiki da fahimtar jiki ta hanyar yin kimantawa mai kyau na ma'aunin kwanciyar hankali na tsarin gabaɗaya shine babban maƙasudin yin samfurin lantarki. Ana iya amfani da ko amfani da samfurin lissafi mai dogaro da ka'ida ga wani tsarin don yin hukunci akan aikin tsarin haɗin gwiwa gaba ɗaya. Wannan wata dabara ce sananniyar kuma tabbatacciya don tsara babban tsarin sarrafawa don tsarin masana'antu da na ilimi mai rikitarwa da yawa. Hakanan ana amfani da wannan dabarar a cikin fasahar MEMS kwanan nan. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Nau'o'in tsarin lissafi daban-daban
Tsarin tsarin injiniya kawai ya dogara ne akan Lagrangian wanda ke aiki ne akan daidaitattun daidaito da saurin da ke da alaƙa. Idan duk ƙarfin ya samo asali ne daga wani ƙarfin, to halayen lokaci na tsarin motsi gaba ɗaya an ƙayyade su. Ga tsarin injiniya mai sauƙi, ana bayyana Lagrangian a matsayin bambancin kuzarin motsi da makamashi mai yuwuwa.

Akwai irin wannan hanyar ga tsarin lantarki. Ta hanyar amfani da makamashin lantarki da kuma yawan wutar lantarki da aka ƙayyade, ana ƙayyade daidaiton motsi ta musamman. Gudun inductor da raguwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan capacitors suna taka rawar daidaitawa ta gabaɗaya. Duk wani ƙuntatawa, misali wanda dokokin Kirchhoff suka haifar, an cire shi daga la'akari. Bayan haka, za a samo aikin canja wuri mai dacewa daga sigogin tsarin wanda a ƙarshe ke sarrafa halayen tsarin.

Sakamakon haka, muna da adadi (makamashi mai motsi da ƙarfin aiki, ƙarfin gabaɗaya) waɗanda ke ƙayyade ɓangaren injiniya da adadi ( haɗin gwiwa, iko) don bayanin ɓangaren lantarki. Wannan yana ba da haɗin sassan injina da na lantarki ta hanyar hanyar makamashi. Sakamakon haka, ana samar da tsarin Lagrangian mai tsawo.

## Duba kuma

* Mechatronics
* Kwatanta na inji-lantarki

## Nassoshi
Shaun Bonétt

**Shaun Bonétt** (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1971) ɗan kasuwa ne na Australiya  kuma mai haɓaka dukiya wanda ya kafa kuma shine Shugaba na Precision Group.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Shaun Bonétt a Landan, Ingila, ga iyayen Australiya da Maltese,  Marlene da Anton Bonétt, wanda na ƙarshe ya kasance likitan cutar kanjamau ga Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya.  Bonett ya koma Ostiraliya a 1978  kuma ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Saint Ignatius, Adelaide .  A cikin shekarun 1980s, Bonétt ya yi aiki a matsayin magatakarda a Adelaide, kuma ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Adelaide, ya kammala a 1991 tare da digiri na farko na Shari'a da Fasaha. [1]  Bonétt kuma ta kammala karatu a Jami'ar Kudancin Australia.

## Ayyuka
Bonétt ya yi aiki a kamfanin lauya na Thomson Simmons & Co daga 1990 zuwa 1996 sannan kuma a matsayin Babban Mataimakin a Phillips Fox daga 1996 zuwa 1998.

A shekara ta 1994 lokacin da yake dan shekara 24, Bonétt ya kafa Precision Group,  kamfanin saka hannun jari da gudanarwa, kuma ya shiga cikin sake sanya MacArthur Central, kuma ya hada kai da Bankin China don siyan cibiyar cinikin Chevron Renaissance.  Bonétt kuma ta tattauna da kafa kantin sayar da Tiffany & Company a Adelaide Central Plaza, tare da wasu 'yan kasuwa na duniya guda uku,  ciki har da David Jones.

A shekara ta 2003 Bonétt ya shiga kwamitin daraktocin iSelect Health & Life Insurance, a shekara ta 2005 ya shiga kwaminin Lenders Direct, kuma a shekara ta 2007 ya shiga kwarin kuma ya zama Shugaban Litigation Lending Services. A cikin 2018 Bonétt ta sami kayan aiki da wurin zama na kwamiti a cikin kamfanin binciken bayanai na ASX wanda aka jera Skyfii Limited . 

## Rayuwa ta mutum
A shekara ta 2004, Bonétt ta auri samfurin, Vanessa Baron . Ya zuwa 2021, suna da 'yar, Hauwa'u, da ɗa, Jibra'ilu.

### Kudin da aka samu
Bonétt ya fara fitowa a  ( *BRW* ) Young Rich List a shekarar 2006, inda ya zo na uku da darajar A$ A220.&nbsp;miliyan   kuma an sanya shi a matsayin Mutumin da Ya Fi Kowacce Arziki a Ostiraliya Shekaru 40 da Ƙasa da haka a 2007–2008.   , Kamfanin *Australian Financial Review* ya kiyasta cewa dukiyar Bonétt ta kai A$ 1.70&nbsp;biliyan .  A shekarar 2019, jaridar *The Australia* ta kiyasta cewa dukiyar Bonétt ta kai A$ 1.17&nbsp;biliyan. 

## Manazarta
Wutar lantarki

**Wutar lantarki** wani abu ne mai amfani da hasken lantarki wanda ke riƙe da fitilun lantarki.  A al'ada, kalmar tana nufin wani babban fitilar haske da aka dakatar daga sama, kamar babban fitilar da ke da kwan fitila mai yawa. Bugu da ƙari, masu gine-gine a Amurka suna amfani da kalmar don nufin fitilun titi na lantarki ko duk wani fitilar waje da aka ɗora a kan sanda ko mizani. Kalmar tana kama da chandelier, wanda daga ciki aka samar da ita. 

Misalin amfani da kalmar an same ta a cikin waƙar Sir John Betjeman mai suna "The Metropolitan Railway - Baker Street Station Buffet" daga tarinsa "A Few Late Chrysanthemums" (1954): "Early Electric! Da irin bege mai haske / Men sun samar da wannan **electrolier** mai rassa da yawa, / Sun karkatar da lanƙwasa a kusa da igiyar ƙarfe / Kuma suka bar duniyoyin vacuum masu ban sha'awa su rataye a sarari, / Sannan da zukata cike da kayan tarihi masu arziki / Na jan ƙarfe, wanda ƙungiyar Bromsgrove ta doke."
Fayil:Sheffield_Town_Hall_grand_staircase.jpg|alt=Electrolier in the Grand Staircase of Sheffield Town Hall, England| Na'urar lantarki a Babban Matakala na Sheffield Town Hall, Ingila
Fayil:Electrolier-National_FarmersBank-Owatonna-1910.jpg|alt=Electrolier in the National Farmer's Bank of Owatonna, Minnesota Postcard c. 1910| Injin lantarki a Bankin Manoma na Ƙasa na Owatonna, Minnesota Katin Wasiƙa kimanin 1910
Fayil:1894_Electrolier.JPG|alt=1894 bronze electrolier with 45 branches in Pullman Memorial Universalist Church, Albion, NY| Injin lantarki na tagulla na 1894 mai rassa 45 a Cocin Pullman Memorial Universalist, Albion, NY


## Nassoshi
Hanyar lantarki ta lantarki

Hanyar da aka gina **a kan titin lantarki (electro-kinetic)** hanya ce ta samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da makamashin motsi na motocin da ke tuƙi a kan titin. A watan Yunin 2009, an sanya ɗaya daga cikin na'urorin a wurin ajiye motoci a babban kanti na Sainsbury's da ke Gloucester, Birtaniya, inda take samar da isasshen wutar lantarki don gudanar da duk rajistar kuɗi na shagon. Peter Hughes, injiniyan lantarki da injiniya wanda ke aiki a Highway Energy Systems Ltd ne ya ƙirƙiro wannan hanyar. Kamfanin ya ce a ƙarƙashin yanayin zirga-zirga na yau da kullun, na'urar za ta samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin 30 kW. Sauran aikace-aikacen da aka tsara don hanyoyin hawa sun haɗa da kunna wutar lantarki a kan tituna da fitilun zirga-zirga, dumama hanyoyi a lokacin hunturu don hana ƙanƙara ta samar da iska da kuma sanya ramukan iska don rage gurɓatawa. 

An yi watsi da ra'ayin a matsayin *maganar 'faranti na makamashin motsa jiki' ɓatar da kuzari gaba ɗaya* a cikin jaridar Guardian ta hannun David MacKay, farfesa a fannin falsafar halitta a Sashen Lissafi a Jami'ar Cambridge . MacKay ya rubuta, "Tara daga wurin ajiye motoci a wurin ajiye motoci masu kore don haka ya kai kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu cikin ɗari na makamashin da tafiya zuwa babban kanti ke amfani da shi."  

## Nassoshi
Warren Bonython

**Charles Warren Bonython** AO (11 ga Satumba 1916 - 2 ga Afrilu 2012) ya kasance mai kiyaye muhalli na Australiya, mai bincike, marubuci, kuma injiniyan sinadarai. Mai tafiya a daji, watakila an fi saninsa da rawar da ya taka, wanda ya kai shekaru da yawa, na aiki don ingantawa, tsarawa da kuma ƙirƙirar Heysen Trail. Ayyukansa a cikin kiyayewa sun kasance a cikin batutuwa da yawa, amma musamman waɗanda ke da alaƙa da wuraren da ba su da ruwa na Kudancin Australia.

## Shekaru na farko
An haifi Bonython a Adelaide, Kudancin Australia, ga John Lavington Bonython (daga baya Sir John),  da Constance Jean, née Warren (Lady Jean Bonython).  Kakansa shi ne Sir John Langdon Bonython . Yana da ɗan'uwa ɗaya (Kym Bonython), 'yar'uwa ɗaya, ɗan'uwa (John Langdon Bonython) da' yan'uwa biyu (Lady Elizabeth (Betty) Hornabrook Wilson da Ada Bray Heath).   (Dubi John Lavington Bonython#Family don ƙarin bayani.) 

## Ayyukan masana'antu
Bonython ya yi karatun injiniyan sinadarai a Jami'ar Adelaide . Bayan kammala karatunsa tare da digiri na farko na Kimiyya, ya karɓi matsayi tare da ICI Australia Ltd. A can ya gudanar da bincike da gudanarwa a masana'antar gishiri, daga 1940 zuwa 1966, kuma ya yi aiki na shekaru 20 a matsayin manajan filayen gishiri a Dry Creek a Adelaide. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 50 ya yi ritaya daga aikinsa na masana'antu a shekarar 1966 don ya ba da lokacinsa ga sauran abubuwan da yake so.

## Tsaro da bincike
Bonython ya fara sha'awar rayuwa a cikin kiyayewa da bincike ta hanyar nadin sa a matsayin Shugaban kasa, Royal Geographical Society of Australasia, South Australian Branch, a shekarar 1959. 

### Abubuwan da aka samu
An yaba wa Bonython da tunanin Heysen Trail . 

A shekara ta 1973, shi da abokinsa Charles McCubbin  sun yi tafiya kilomita 463 daga arewa zuwa kudu a fadin Simpson Desert, suna jan motar da aka ɗora mai nauyin kilomita 250 da ake kira "Camel Comalco",  tafiyar da ta dauki kwanaki 32.

A shekara ta 1982, shi da abokin tafiya Terry Kreig  sun zama fararen mutane na farko da suka yi tafiya kilomita 500 a kusa da gabar Tafkin Eyre. &nbsp;

A lokacin da yake da shekaru 75, ya hau Dutsen Kilimanjaro. 

## Manazarta
Alamar lantarki

**Alamar lantarki** (ko **alamar taron lantarki** ) na'ura ce da ake amfani da ita wajen maye gurbin alamar takarda ko takardar izinin shiga da aka bayar a tarurrukan jama'a.  Ana bayar da ita galibi a tarurrukan kwamfuta (tsaro) da kuma tarurrukan masu kutse.  Babban fasalinsu shine nuna sunan wanda ya halarci taron, amma saboda yanayinsu na lantarki, suna iya haɗawa da nau'ikan software daban-daban. Asalin lambobin sun kasance al'ada a DEF CON, amma sun bazu a cikin tarurruka daban-daban. 

## Misalai

### Kayan aiki

* Alamar SHA2017, wadda ta haɗa da allon e-ink da ESP32 
* Kati na 10 don CCCamp2019  
* Alamar sansanin filin lantarki mai maganadisu  

### Software
Ƙungiyar badge.team ta ƙirƙiro wani dandamali mai suna "Hatchery"  don bugawa da haɓaka software don alamun da dama. 

## Nassoshi
Connie Bonaros

**Constadina Bonaros** 'yar siyasar Australiya ce. Tsohon mai ba da shawara ga Nick Xenophon, an zabe ta a matsayin memba SA-Mafi Kyau na Majalisar Dokokin Kudancin Australia a Zaben jihar na 2018. Bonaros shine kawai wakilin majalisa na SA-Best.

## Ayyuka
Bonaros tana da digiri na farko a cikin Dokoki da Fasaha (Girkanci na zamani da Siyasa ta Jama'a) daga Jami'ar Adelaide .  Ta yi aiki a matsayin lauya daga 2003 har zuwa 2006. Daga 2005 zuwa gaba, Bonaros ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Nick Xenophon da John Darley. Bonaros ya tsaya a Zaben jihar na 2014 a matsayin dan takara na biyu a tikitin Independent Nick Xenophon Team a Majalisar Dokoki. A lokacin Bonaros ma'aikaci ne ga Darley, wanda ya jagoranci tikitin. Kodayake tikitin Independent Nick Xenophon Team ya samu kashi 12.9% na kuri'un da aka kada a duk fadin jihar, ya isa ya zabi Darley, shirin Bonaros na zaben bai yi nasara ba. Ta shiga ofishin Sanata Stirling Griff a matsayin shugaban ma'aikatansa lokacin da aka zabe shi a zaben tarayya na 2016. 

Bonaros ya gabatar da lissafin haramtacciyar 'yan tsana masu kama da yara a watan Agustan 2019.  Kudin ya sami goyon baya daga jam'iyyar adawa ta Labour da jam'iyyun Liberal masu mulki, an ba shi izinin sarauta a watan Oktoba na 2019, kuma ya fara aiki a watan Janairun 2020.

Bonaros ya yi kamfen don ingantaccen tsari na anime da manga, saboda damuwa game da nuna kayan cin zarafin yara. A watan Fabrairun 2020, ta yi kira ga sake dubawa na gaggawa game da dokokin rarraba Australiya, yana mai da hankali kan *[[Eromanga Sensei]]* da No Game No Life a matsayin jerin da suka shafi yara da jigogi na dangi, fyade da cin zarafin jima'i. A watan Yulin 2020, Littattafan Kinokuniya sun cire waɗannan jerin biyu daga shagon su na Sydney, da kuma wasu biyar, ciki har da Sword Art Online da Goblin Slayer. Har ila yau, goyon bayan Bonaros ya haifar da kundin No Game No Life wanda Hukumar Rarraba ta Australiya ta ƙi rarraba shi.

A watan Janairun 2020, Connie Bonaros ta yi korafi game da cin zarafin jima'i da bai dace ba a kan wani memba na majalisar, tare da abin da ya faru ya shafi bulala da kuma faru a wani biki na Kirsimeti a gidan majalisar. Ba da daɗewa ba ya bayyana cewa karar ta kasance a kan Sam Duluk, dan majalisa na Liberal na Waite, wanda ya nemi gafara kuma ya yi murabus daga matsayin shugaban kwamitin majalisa. Bayan zargin Bonaros da kuma rahoton da aka yi wa 'yan sanda, 'Yan sanda na Kudancin Australia sun fitar da wata sanarwa a watan Afrilu na shekarar 2020 inda suka tabbatar da cewa Duluk yana fuskantar wani laifi na kai hari kuma zai bayyana a kotu daga baya. An wanke Duluk a watan Agustan 2021 saboda shaidar da ta saba da ita ta Bonaros da ma'aikacin Greens, wanda na karshe ya ba da shawarar wani nau'i daban-daban da ba za a iya sulhunta ba, ga majistare John Wells. Koyaya, Wells ya lakafta halin Duluk ga Bonaros a matsayin "marasa kyau, mara kyau, mara tausayi da rashin girmamawa". A watan da ya biyo baya, Tammy Franks ta yi amfani da damar majalisa don karɓar ƙarin zarge-zargen cin zarafin jima'i da maganganun cin zarafin Duluk.

## Manazarta
Na'urorin tweezers na lantarki

**Na'urorin tweezers na lantarki** na'urar lantarki ce da aka yi niyya don cire gashi har abada. Tsarin ya haɗa da maɓalli biyu a ƙarshen. Ana amfani da maɓalli a gefen maƙallin don rufe ƙarshen tweezer a lokaci guda da kunna siginar lantarki mai yawan mita . An yi nufin siginar lantarki don sa haɗin gashi da tushen sa ya yi rauni kuma ya dakatar da haɓakar gashi daga tushen ta hanyar da ta yi kama da electrolysis .

An bayyana wasu na'urorin lantarki ta amfani da kalmar *electrolysis tweezer [[epilator]]* ko *tweezer epilator*, amma aikinsu ya bambanta da na na'urorin epilator .

Hukumar FDA ta Amurka tana da ma'anar *cire gashi na dindindin*, wanda waɗannan na'urorin ba su iya cikawa ba.  Ma'anar FDA ta yadda na'ura za ta iya cancanta amma duk da haka ba ta da tasiri ga wasu mutane.

Sau da yawa ana bayyana Plucking (tweezing) a matsayin *cin lokaci*. Saboda tweezers suna aiki a kan gashi daya kawai a lokaci kuma yana buƙatar sakan da yawa na aikace-aikace a kowane gashi, wannan dabarar tana da jinkiri fiye da yadda aka saba. FDA ta Amurka ta ba da shawarar cewa, saboda wahalar amfani da waɗannan na'urorin, mutane da yawa sun ƙare yadda ya kamata kawai suna amfani da su azaman tweezers, ba tare da cire gashi na dindindin ba. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Nassoshi
Leonidas Bott

**Leonidas Cecil Bott** (14 ga Yulin 1889 - 21 ga Agusta 1968) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne kuma injiniya na Australiya wanda ya buga wasanni 14 na farko a Yammacin Australiya tsakanin 1912 da 1925. 

An haife shi a Adelaide, Bott ya yi karatu a makarantar Perth Boys da Kwalejin 'yan uwan Kirista, kuma daga baya ya sami tallafin karatu don karatu a Jami'ar Adelaide. Ya buga wasan kurket na WACA tare da Arewacin Fremantle, Perth, Arewacin Perth da Dutsen Lawley, kuma ya buga wasanni da yawa ga Yammacin Australia kafin da kuma bayan Yaƙin Duniya na farko, ya jagoranci kungiyar a wasanni biyu a 1922 da 1924.  An sanya masa suna a cikin Perth Cricket Club Team of the Century a shekarar 2012.

Bott ya yi aiki a matsayin injiniya, kuma ya shiga cikin gina hanyar jirgin kasa ta Kalgoorlie-Port Augusta a shekarar 1912.  Daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin injiniya mai kula a Sashen Janar-Janar na Victorian. A shekara ta 1953, an ba shi lambar yabo ta Sarauniya Elizabeth II.

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin kyaftin din wasan kurket na Yammacin Australia

## Manazarta
Frank Sandland Hone

**Dokta Frank Sandland Hone** (1871 - 9 ga Mayu 1951) likita ne a Kudancin Australia, ƙwararre a cikin maganin cutar kansa kuma malami a Jami'ar Adelaide . Shi ne mahaifin fitattun likitoci biyu da kuma babban malami, wadanda dukansu sun yi fice a wasanni.

## Tarihi
An haifi Hone a Dutsen Gambier, ɗan (Baptist) Rev. Nathaniel Johnson Hone (ya mutu 1909) da matarsa Emily Hone, née Sandland (ya mutu 1914) wanda ya yi aure a 1869. Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Prince Alfred, inda ya yi fice a wasanni da batutuwa na ilimi. Ya yi karatun likitanci a Jami'ar Adelaide, kuma ya kammala karatun MB da ChB a shekara ta 1894, inda ya lashe kyautar Everard Scholarship. 

Dokta Hone ya fara aiki a Morphett Vale, inda aka nada shi jami'in kiwon lafiya ga 'yan asalin ƙasar da matalauta,  kuma daga 1903 a Semaphore,  sannan ya kafa asibitin kwararru a Adelaide a 1919. Ya kasance likitan girmamawa a asibitin Royal Adelaide daga 1921 zuwa 1931 kuma daga baya ya kasance likitan mai ba da shawara na girmamawa na shekaru da yawa. Ya kasance malami na shekaru da yawa a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Adelaide, inda aka girmama shi sosai kuma ya shahara.

A kusa da 1910 an nada shi babban jami'in keɓewa na Commonwealth na Kudancin Australia, matsayi mai wahala a gaban maganin rigakafi lokacin da annoba, kyanda da tarin fuka suka kasance babbar barazana ga al'umma, kuma warewa a cikin sanatorium shine babban makamin al'umma. A shekara ta 1924 akwai dakin gwaje-gwaje guda daya kawai a cikin Jiha, wanda ke nufin jinkiri mai tsawo a cikin ganewar asali na cututtukan cututtuka a yankunan ƙasar.[undefined] Ya kafa sabbin wurare a Port Pirie, Mount Gambier da Renmark. Ya yi murabus daga wannan mukamin a 1929, saboda matsin aikinsa na sirri, kuma an sanya matsayin cikakken lokaci, tare da Dokta F. N. Ponsford wanda aka nada na farko.[1]

Yana da sha'awar maganin rigakafi, kuma yana da hannu a cikin bincike game da cutar typhus, wanda ya kasance a tsakanin ma'aikatan hatsi. A shekara ta 1924 ya kasance memba na Hukumar Kula da Lafiya ta Jama'a ta Commonwealth, wani ɓangare na sharuddan da aka yi amfani da shi shine rarraba nauyin tsakanin Commonwealth da Jihohi. Yawancin shawarwarin Hukumar an gabatar da su a cikin aikin kiwon lafiyar jama'a na Australiya.

Hone ya mutu bayan makonni biyu a cikin kulawa mai tsanani a asibitin masu zaman kansu na Wakefield Street. Kafin wannan, an ce shi ne mafi tsufa da ya kammala karatu a makarantar likitancin Adelaide.

## Manazarta
EIA/TIA-662

**TIA/EIA-662** wani tsari ne na sadarwa na 1995 daga Ƙungiyar Masana'antar Sadarwa, wani reshe na EIA na 1988. Tsarin ya ƙunshi Sadarwar Wayar Salula ta Kai (PWT).

Tsarin ya dogara ne akan tsarin sadarwa na rediyo mai ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta wanda ke ba da damar yin amfani da rediyo mai ƙarancin ƙarfi tsakanin kayan aiki masu ɗaukuwa da cibiyar sadarwa mai tsayayye a tsawon nisan mita ƴan ɗaruruwan.  Irin waɗannan na'urorin sadarwa na sirri marasa waya ana iya amfani da su don ayyukan PBX mara waya da kuma aika bayanai a cikin fakiti ko a kan da'irori . Wannan ma'aunin ya dogara ne akan ma'aunin Sadarwar Waya mara Waya ta Dijital (DECT). 

## Nassoshi
Victor Hugo (mai wasan cricket)

**Victor Hugo** (25 Nuwamba 1877 - 8 Afrilu 1930) ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa wanda ya buga wasan ƙwallaye na farko a Kudancin Australia daga 1898 zuwa 1900. Yana da alaƙa da marubucin Faransanci na wannan sunan.

An haifi Victor Hugo a Adelaide a Bushman's Club, wanda mahaifinsa William ya kasance daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa. Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Prince Alfred da kuma Kwalejin Horar da Kasuwanci ta Adelaide, inda ya yi fice a lissafin kuɗi.

Dan wasan kwallon kafa na matsakaici na hannun dama, mafi kyawun adadi a Kudancin Australia sun kasance 4 ga 69 a kan Yammacin Australia a cikin 1898-99.

Ya yi aiki a Ma'aikatar Kudancin Australia na tsawon shekaru 25 har zuwa mutuwarsa. Ya bar gwauruwa, ɗa (wanda ake kira Victor) da 'yar.[1][2]

## Manazarta