Tarring da fuka-fuki na John Malcolm

**John Malcolm** (Mayu 20, 1723 - Nuwamba 23, 1788) ya kasance jami'in kwastam da aka haifa a Amurka kuma jami'in soja wanda aka fi sani da tarring da fuka-fuki a lokacin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka .

## Tarihi
John Malcolm ya fito ne daga Boston kuma mai goyon bayan Crown. A lokacin Yaƙin Dokar, ya yi tafiya zuwa Lardin Arewacin Carolina don taimakawa wajen kawo karshen tashin hankali. Da yake aiki don ma'aikatan kwastam, ya bi ayyukansa da himma wanda ya sa ya zama mai son gaske, saboda shi mai Loyalist ne a lokacin Dokar Tea. Malcolm ya fuskanci lokuta da yawa na cin zarafi da tayar da hankali daga Patriots na Boston, masu sukar ikon Crown. Mutane sau da yawa suna "tsaye" shi a kan tituna, amma Gwamna Thomas Hutchinson ya bukaci shi kada ya amsa.

Rashin shahara a ƙarshe ya zo da tafasa a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1773 lokacin da ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa a Portsmouth, New Hampshire, suka tarred kuma suka rufe shi. Koyaya, a lokacin aikin ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa ko dai suna da tunanin tausayi ko ɗabi'a saboda ba su cire tufafinsa ba a gaba. Watanni biyu bayan haka a lokacin wahalarsa ta biyu Malcolm ba zai kasance da sa'a ba.

## Abin da ya faru a Boston
Tattaunawa da mai yin takalma na Patriot George Hewes ya tura Malcolm cikin hasken wuta. A ranar 25 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1774, bisa ga asusun da ke cikin *Massachusetts Gazette*, Hewes ya ga Malcolm yana barazanar buga wani yaro da sandarsa. Lokacin da Hewes ya shiga tsakani don dakatar da Malcolm, maza biyu sun fara jayayya, kuma Malcolm ya nace cewa Hewes bai kamata ya tsoma baki cikin kasuwancin mutum ba. Lokacin da Hewes ya amsa cewa aƙalla ba a taɓa yin tar ba kuma ya yi gashin kansa, Malcolm ya buge Hewes sosai a goshi da sandar kuma ya buge shi ba tare da sanin komai ba.

A wannan dare, taron jama'a sun kama Malcolm a gidansa kuma suka ja shi zuwa King Street don azabtar da shi saboda harin da aka kai wa Hewes da yaron. Wasu shugabannin Patriot wadanda suka yi imanin cewa tashin hankali na jama'a ya cutar da manufarsu sun yi ƙoƙari su hana taron ta hanyar jayayya cewa ya kamata a mika Malcolm ga tsarin adalci. Wadannan roƙon sun fadi a kunnuwan kurma, duk da haka, yayin da taron da ba su da tausayi suka tabbatar da harin ta hanyar ambaton Ebenezer Richardson da sauran korafe-korafe. Richardson jami'in kwastam ne wanda ya kashe wani dan shekaru 12 mai suna Christopher Seider, amma ya tsere wa hukunci ta hanyar karɓar Gafarar sarauta.

An cire Malcolm zuwa wuyansa kuma an rufe shi da tar mai zafi da gashin tsuntsaye kafin a tilasta masa shiga cikin karusar jira. Jama'a sun kai shi itacen Liberty kuma sun gaya masa ya nemi gafara saboda halinsa, ya yi watsi da kwamishinan kwastam, kuma ya la'anta Sarki George III. Lokacin da Malcolm ya ki, taron sun sanya igiya a wuyansa kuma sun yi barazanar rataye shi. Wannan bai karya shi ba, amma lokacin da suka yi barazanar yanke kunnuwansa, Malcolm ya sauƙaƙe. Sai taron suka tilasta masa ya sha shayi mai yawa kuma suka yi wa Sarki da gidan sarauta ba'a. A wannan lokacin Hewes (wanda ya warke) ya firgita da yadda Malcolm ya bi da shi har ya yi ƙoƙari ya rufe shi da jakarsa. Daga karshe an saki Malcolm kuma an tura shi gida, amma ya ci gaba da jimrewa da duka yayin da ya dawo.

## Rayuwa ta baya
A ranar 2 ga Mayu, 1774, Malcolm ya koma Ingila inda yake fatan samun diyya daga wahalar da ya jimre a Boston. Ko da yake ya gabatar da takarda ga Sarki George III, sarki ya riga ya san "sanannen shari'arsa". Yayinda yake jiran amsar Malcolm bai yi nasara ba ya gudu a majalisar dokoki a kan John Wilkes, mai gwagwarmayar kare hakkin mallaka. Bayan da bai sami amsa ta hanyar manzo ba game da korafinsa, a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1775 Malcolm da kansa "ya halarci tashar jiragen ruwa a St. James, ya durƙusa a gaban Sarki, kuma ya ba da korafin sa a hannun Mai Girma. "  Duk da rubuce-rubuce a cikin korafinsa cewa yana so ya koma Boston kuma ya ci gaba da aikinsa a matsayin jami'in kwastam, kuma cewa kasancewa mai laushi da fuka-fuki yanzu Alamar ce ta girmamawa a gare shi, sarki bai burge shi ba. Malcolm bai sake komawa Boston ba har tsawon rayuwarsa saboda barkewar juyin juya halin Amurka. Daga baya aka ba shi kwamiti a matsayin ensign a cikin 1780, don "Kamfanin Mai Zaman Kanta na Invalids" a Plymouth, Ingila. Malcolm ya mutu a ranar 23 ga Nuwamba, 1788, ya bar gwauruwarsa a Boston don yin rajistar fansho shekaru 2  bayan haka. 

## Manazarta