Jerin guguwa na Florida

Kusan 500  guguwa mai zafi da na wurare masu zafi sun shafi jihar Florida.  Guguwa da yawa sun mamaye Florida fiye da kowace jihar Amurka, kuma tun daga 1851 yanayi guda goma sha takwas ne kawai guguwa ta wuce ba tare da sanin guguwar da ta yi tasiri a jihar ba.  A dunkule, guguwa da ta afkawa yankin sun yi sanadin mutuwar sama da 10,000, wadanda akasarinsu sun faru ne kafin fara zirga-zirgar jiragen mafarauta a shekarar 1943. Bugu da kari, tasirin guguwar ya kai sama da dalar Amurka biliyan 300 (dalar Amurka 2018), musamman daga guguwar Andrew, da guguwar Irma.  2017, da 2022 yanayi bi da bi.  Guguwar baya-bayan nan da ta yi kasa a Florida ita ce guguwar Milton a shekarar 2024.

## Yanayin yanayi
Guguwa mai zafi ta shafi Florida a kowane wata na shekara ban da Janairu da Maris.  Kusan kashi daya bisa uku na guguwar ta shafi jihar ne a cikin watan Satumba, kuma kusan kashi uku cikin hudu na guguwar ta shafi jihar ne tsakanin watan Agusta da Oktoba, wanda ya yi daidai da kololuwar lokacin guguwar.  Yankunan bakin tekun suna da lokutan dawowa, ko lokacin da ake tsammanin tsakanin guguwar ta wani yanayi mai ƙarfi ko kuma a tsakanin mil 86 (kilomita 138) na wani wuri da aka bayar, waɗanda sune mafi ƙanƙanta a ƙasar.  Guguwa 26 ta afkawa gundumar Monroe tun daga 1926, wanda shine mafi girman jimillar kowace gunduma a Amurka..

A cikin wata takarda ta Bita na Yanayi na wata-wata da aka buga a cikin 1934, Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Amurka ta amince da Key West da Pensacola a matsayin biranen da ke fama da guguwa a cikin jihar;  Key West ya fuskanci guguwa guda biyu da ke tasowa daga yammacin Tekun Atlantika da Caribbean, yayin da Pensacola ta sami guguwa da ke ratsa jihar da kuma guguwa mai tada hankali a arewacin Gulf na Mexico.  A hukumance, guguwar farko da ta fara shafar jihar ita ce guguwar Alma a ranar 9 ga Yuni;  na baya-bayan nan, guguwar Kate a watan Nuwamba 21. Duk da haka, bincike na farko ya nuna cewa mai yiwuwa guguwa ta afkawa jihar a ranar 28 ga Mayu, 1863.. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

The strongest tropical cyclone to make landfall on the state was the 1935 Labor Day hurricane, which crossed the Florida Keys with a pressure of ; it is also the strongest hurricane on record to strike the United States. Out of the ten most intense landfalling United States hurricanes, four struck Florida at peak strength.[5]

Guguwa ta farko da aka rubuta don shafar yankin da ke yanzu jihar Florida ta faru ne a 1523, lokacin da jiragen ruwa biyu da ma'aikatan su suka ɓace a gefen yammacin gabar teku. An san jimlar guguwa 159 da ta shafi jihar kafin 1900, wanda gaba ɗaya ya haifar da akalla mutuwar mutane 6,504 da lalacewar kuɗi sama da dala miliyan 102 (dala 2017). Bugu da ƙari, aƙalla jiragen ruwa 109 ko jiragen ruwa sun kai ga bakin teku, sun rushe, ko kuma sun lalace saboda guguwar. Wata guguwa mai karfi ta auku a arewa maso yammacin Florida a ranar 28 ga Mayu, 1863, kuma ita ce farkon saukowa a cikin shekarar da aka sani a Amurka, tana jiran sake dubawa.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Bayani ba shi da yawa a cikin shekarun da suka gabata saboda iyakancewa a cikin lura da guguwa na wurare masu zafi, kodayake yayin da bakin teku suka zama mafi yawan jama'a, ƙarin bayanai sun kasance. Cibiyar Guguwa ta Kasa ta fahimci rashin tabbas a cikin duka adadin mutuwar da kwanakin abubuwan da suka faru.

## 1900–1949

A cikin tsakanin 1900 zuwa 1949, guguwa mai zafi guda 108 sun shafi jihar, wanda tare ya haifar da asarar kusan dala biliyan 4.5 (dala biliyan 2017).  Bugu da ƙari, guguwa mai zafi a Florida ne kai tsaye ke da alhakin kashe mutane kusan 3,500 a lokacin, yawancinsu sun fito ne daga guguwar Okeechobee ta 1928, mafi muni a jihar.  Lokacin 1947 shine shekarar da aka fi samun guguwa mai zafi da ta shafi jihar, tare da jimillar tsarukan guda shida.  Shekaru 1905, 1908, 1913, 1927, 1931, 1942, da 1943 sune kawai shekarun da guguwar ba ta shafi jihar ba.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Guguwar da ta fi karfi kuma mafi tsanani da ta afkawa jihar a lokacin ita ce guguwar Ranar Ma'aikata ta 1935 - wacce ta fi kowacce karfi a tarihin Amurka.  Gabaɗaya wannan guguwar, guguwar Miami ta 1926, da guguwar 1928 ta yi sanadiyar rayuka sama da 3,280 a Florida—uku  daga cikin al'amuran yanayi 10 mafi tasiri a jihar a ƙarni na 20;  guguwar ta 1926 za ta zama mafi tsadar kowace guguwa ta Amurka a cikin ƙimar kuɗi na yanzu.  Guguwa mai hikima a shekarun 1940 na daga cikin shekarun da suka fi yawan jama'a a jihar: guguwa guda 11 sun afku daga 1944-50, shida daga cikinsu manya, gami da guguwa guda biyar na Categories 4 a Kudancin Florida.  Guguwa ta haifar da ci gaba: tasirin da ke haskakawa a cikin al'umma, yada rikitattun batutuwan siyasa da tattalin arziki, kuma suna haifar da sauye-sauye na zamani kamar sarrafa ambaliyar ruwa da ka'idojin gini..[9]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

## 1950–1974

A cikin lokacin tsakanin 1950 da 1974, guguwa 85 na wurare masu zafi ko na subtropical sun shafi jihar, wanda gaba ɗaya ya haifar da kusan dala biliyan 7 (dala 2017) a cikin lalacewa, da farko daga Guguwar Donna, Guguwar Cleo (1964)  da Dora. Bugu da ƙari, guguwar ta kasance da alhakin mutuwar mutane 93 kai tsaye kuma a kaikaice ga wasu mutuwar 23. Yawancin guguwa na wurare masu zafi sun samar da sama da inci 20 (500 mm) na ruwan sama a cikin jihar, gami da Guguwar Easy, wanda shine mafi girman jimlar a lokacin. Shekarar 1969 ita ce shekarar da aka fi samun guguwa ta wurare masu zafi da ke shafar jihar, tare da jimlar tsarin takwas. Shekaru na 1954 da 1967 sune kawai shekarun da guguwa ba ta shafi jihar ba.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Guguwar da ta fi Sarki da ta mamaye jihar a lokacin ita ce Guguwar Donna.  [5] Bugu da ƙari, Guguwa Easy, King, Betsy, da Alma sun buga ko kuma sun shafi jihar a matsayin Manyan guguwa.

 
A cikin tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1999, guguwa mai zafi 83 ko na wurare masu zafi sun shafi jihar, wanda tare ya haifar da asarar dala biliyan 51.1 (dala biliyan 2017), musamman daga Hurricane Andrew, da kuma mutane 54 da suka jikkata.  Lokacin 1985 shine shekarar da guguwar iska mafi zafi ta shafi jihar, tare da jimillar tsarin takwas.  Kowace shekara ta haɗa da aƙalla guguwa mai zafi guda ɗaya da ke shafar jihar.  Guguwa mafi karfi da ta afkawa jihar a tsawon wannan lokaci ita ce guguwar Andrew, wacce ta kasance daya daga cikin guguwa guda hudu da ta afkawa Amurka.  Andrew, a lokacin, shine guguwar yanayi mafi tsada a tarihin Amurka.  Bugu da kari, guguwar Eloise, Elena, da Opal sun afkawa jihar ko kuma suka yi tasiri a jihar a matsayin manyan guguwa.

Lokacin daga 2000 zuwa yanzu an yi alama da guguwa da yawa na Arewacin Atlantic;  kamar na 2023 [sabunta], 79 cyclones na wurare masu zafi ko na wurare masu zafi sun shafi jihar Florida ta Amurka.  A dunkule, guguwar da aka yi a Florida a wancan lokacin ta yi sanadin asarar sama da dala biliyan 236, mafi yawanta daga guguwar Ian.    Bugu da ƙari, guguwa mai zafi a Florida ne ke da alhakin asarar rayuka 145 kai tsaye da aƙalla na kai tsaye 92 a cikin lokacin.  Guguwa takwas ta shafi jihar a cikin 2004 da 2005, wadanda su ne shekarun da guguwar ta fi yi wa jihar tasiri.  Kowace shekara ta haɗa da aƙalla guguwa mai zafi guda ɗaya da ke shafar jihar..&nbsp;

Guguwa mafi karfi da ta mamaye jihar a lokacin shine Michael, wanda ya sauka a Florida a matsayin guguwa ta rukuni na 5 - mafi karfi tun daga Andrew a shekarar 1992. Bugu da ƙari, wasu guguwa tara sun sauka ko kuma sun shafi jihar a matsayin Manyan guguwa. 

## Babban guguwa na Florida
Manyan guguwa masu zuwa ko dai sun fadi a jihar a matsayin babbar guguwa ko kuma sun kawo iskõki na matsayi na 3 ga jihar. Ga guguwar da ta sauka sau biyu ko fiye, matsakaicin saurin iska, sabili da haka mafi girman rukunin Saffir-Simpson, a mafi ƙarfin sauka an jera shi. Sai kawai saukowa a manyan guguwa ne aka lissafa. An lissafa guguwa tun 1851, wanda shine farkon hukuma na bayanan guguwar Atlantic.  [9] Asalin, an rarraba guguwa ta hanyar matsin lamba a cikin karni na 20;   duk da haka, ayyukan zamani suna ƙididdige ƙarfin guguwa da matsakaicin iska mai ɗorewa. Har yanzu ana rarraba guguwar Amurka ta hanyar matsin lamba ta tsakiya daga 1971 zuwa 1979;   saboda haka, ana amfani da matsakaicin iskõki masu ɗorewa a cikin bayanan guguwar Atlantic (HURDAT) don guguwa daga 1971 zuwa 1979, [1] tunda wannan lokacin ba a sake nazarin shi ba ta hanyar aikin sake nazarin guguwar Atlantika. &nbsp;&nbsp;

### Mafi ƙarfi kuma mafi tsanani

#### "Babban", "Babban" da "Mafi Girma" guguwa
An ba da martabar Saffir–Simpson guguwar Amurka da ta fara a 1975, na farko bisa matsin lamba, sannan akan iska kaɗai tun ƙarshen 1980s;  awo na yau da kullun an auna ƙarfin kafin.  Guguwar "Babban Guguwa" ta ƙunshi iskoki sama da 125 mph (200 km/h) kuma ta baza iskar guguwa sama da mil 100 (kilomita 160) ko fiye, yayin da kuma ke haifar da tudu mai ƙarfi, ƙananan matsi, barna mai yawa, da hasashe.[18]  Guguwar "Babban" ta nuna iskar 101-135 mph (163-217 km/h) da matsi na barometric daga 28.01 zuwa 29.00 inHg (949 zuwa 982 mb);  guguwa mai "Matuƙar Girma", aƙalla 136 mph (219 km/h)—ta yi daidai da Rukunin 4 akan ma'aunin Saffir–Simpson—da 28.00 inHg (948 mb) ko ƙasa.  Daga 1880 zuwa 1960  an rarraba guguwar Florida masu zuwa a matsayin "Babban", "Major", da/ko "Mafi Girma".

### Kididdigar kowane wata