Hukumar Tsaro ta Kasa

**Hukumar Tsaro ta Kasa** (**NSA**) hukuma ce ta leken asiri ta Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Amurka, a ƙarƙashin ikon darektan leken asiri na kasa (DNI). NSA tana da alhakin saka idanu, tattarawa, da sarrafa bayanai da bayanai don bayanan sirri na duniya da dalilai hana leken asiri, ƙwararre a cikin horo da aka sani da bayanan sigina (SIGINT). NSA kuma tana da alhakin kare hanyoyin sadarwa na Amurka da tsarin bayanai. NSA ta dogara da matakai daban-daban don cimma burinta, mafi yawansu ɓoye ne. NSA tana da kusan ma'aikata 32,000.

Ya samo asali ne a matsayin naúrar don fassara hanyoyin sadarwa a yakin duniya na biyu, Shugaba Harry S. Truman ne ya kafa shi a hukumance a matsayin NSA a shekarar 1952. Tsakanin wannan lokacin da ƙarshen Yakin Cold, ya zama mafi girma daga cikin Kungiyoyin leken asiri na Amurka dangane da ma'aikata da kasafin kuɗi. Duk da haka, bayanan da ke kwari tun daga 2013 ya nuna cewa Hukumar leken asiri ta tsakiya (CIA) ta ci gaba a wannan batun, tare da kasafin kuɗi na dala biliyan 14.7. [1] NSA a halin yanzu tana gudanar da tattara bayanai a duniya kuma an san shi da lalata tsarin lantarki a matsayin hanya ɗaya don wannan ƙarshen.[2] An kuma yi zargin cewa NSA ta kasance a bayan irin wannan software na kai hari kamar Stuxnet, wanda ya lalata shirin nukiliyar Iran sosai. [3][4] NSA, tare da CIA, suna riƙe da kasancewar jiki a kasashe da yawa a duk faɗin duniya; CIA / NSA hadin gwiwa Special Collection Service (ƙungiyar leken asiri mai zurfi) suna saka na'urorin sauraro a cikin manyan manufofi (kamar fadar shugaban kasa ko ofisoshin jakadanci). Hanyoyin tattara SCS da ake zargin sun haɗa da "tsaron kusa, fashi, sauraron waya, fashewa". [and][5]

Ba kamar CIA da Hukumar leken asiri ta tsaro (DIA) ba, dukansu biyu sun ƙware da farko a cikin leken asiri na ɗan adam na ƙasashen waje, NSA ba ta gudanar da Tattara bayanan ɗan adam a fili. An danka NSA da taimakawa da daidaita abubuwan SIGINT ga wasu kungiyoyin gwamnati - wanda Dokar Zartarwa ta hana shiga irin waɗannan ayyukan da kansu. A matsayin wani ɓangare na waɗannan nauyin, hukumar tana da ƙungiyar da ake kira Central Security Service (CSS), wanda ke sauƙaƙa hadin kai tsakanin NSA da sauran abubuwan da ke tattare da bayanan tsaro na Amurka. Don ci gaba da tabbatar da ingantaccen sadarwa tsakanin sassan leken asiri na sigina, Daraktan NSA a lokaci guda yana aiki a matsayin Kwamandan Kwamandan Cyber na Amurka kuma a matsayin Babban Ofishin Tsaro na Tsakiya.

Ayyukan NSA sun kasance batun rikice-rikice na siyasa a lokuta da yawa, gami da rawar da ta taka wajen samar da leken asiri a lokacin da Gulf of Tonkin ya faru, wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga karuwa shigar Amurka cikin Yaƙin Vietnam.  Takardun da aka bayanai daga baya sun bayyana cewa NSA ta yi kuskuren fassara ko kuma ta wuce gona da iri, wanda ya haifar da rahotanni game da harin Arewacin Vietnam na biyu wanda mai yiwuwa bai taɓa faruwa ba. Har ila yau, hukumar ta sami bincike kan leken asiri kan shugabannin yaki da Vietnam da kuma shiga hukumar a cikin leken asiri na tattalin arziki. A cikin 2013, NSA ta bayyana yawancin shirye-shiryen sa ido na sirri ga jama'a ta hanyar Edward Snowden, tsohon dan kwangila na NSA. A cewar takardun da aka ɓoye, NSA tana tsayar da kuma adana sadarwa na mutane sama da biliyan daya a duk duniya, gami da 'yan ƙasar Amurka. Takardun sun kuma bayyana cewa NSA tana bin diddigin daruruwan miliyoyin mutane ta amfani da bayanan wayar salula. A kasa da kasa, bincike ya nuna ikon NSA na sa ido kan zirga-zirgar Intanet na cikin gida na ƙasashen waje ta hanyar "Hanyar boomerang".

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