Kudin yanayi a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo

**Kudin yanayi a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo** ya ƙunshi cakuda Shirin Zuba Jari (FIP), kudade na cikin gida da na duniya don dorewar canjin yanayi, sarrafawa da juriya. DRC tana da yanayin zafi mai yawa kuma tana raguwa a cikin hazo, yana mai da shi ga ambaliyar ruwa da fari. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa canjin yanayi ya shafi yawan jama'a, noma, kiwon lafiya da bambancin halittu, tare da haɗarin kiwon lafiya na kusan 40%. DRC ta saka hannun jari na dala miliyan 10 don inganta ayyukan kiyaye gandun daji da ci gaban tattalin arzikin kore.

Saboda haka yana da mahimmanci a samar da kudaden yanayi kamar yadda mutane miliyan 40 da suka dogara da Kogin Kongo don abinci, kiwon lafiya, hanyoyin rayuwa da ayyukan muhalli na iya fuskantar yunwa da talauci tare da ƙarin Canjin yanayi.

Bankin Duniya kan batun yanayi a DRC ya ce "asarar tattalin arziki na iya kaiwa har zuwa 17% na GDP nan da shekara ta 2050 idan ba a dauki gyare-gyare don rarraba tattalin arziki da kuma jawo hankalin karin saka hannun jari na yanayi ba. Tasirin yanayi na iya kara jimlar farashin kiwon lafiya daga dala miliyan 92 a cikin 2010 zuwa dala miliyan 260 nan da shekara. " Ya ba da ajanda guda hudu don taimakawa DRC. Wadannan sune kayan aiki da ayyuka masu ƙarfi da kore, ƙarin ilimin yanayi, tsarin kiwon lafiya da sabis na zamantakewa, ƙarin saka hannun jari a cikin babban birnin halitta da ingantaccen tsarin yanayi don haɓaka kasuwannin carbon.

Alamar ita ce kowane bangare yana buƙatar zama wani ɓangare na yanayin yanayi don taimakawa DRC wajen tallafawa da rage yanayin. UNDP ta bayyana cewa kasashe suna buƙatar ƙarin kuɗi don burinsu na yanayi fiye da abin da za su iya samu a cikin gida. A cikin rahotonsa a shekara ta 2009, kasashe masu samun kudin shiga tare da muhimmiyar gudummawar tarihi ga canjin yanayi sun himmatu ga tara dala biliyan 100 a kowace shekara nan da shekarar 2020 don tallafawa ayyukan yanayi a kasashe masu karamin karfi.

Rahoton daga UNDP ya bayyana cewa kashi 50 cikin 100 na kudaden rage kudade da aka gano a Afirka tsakanin 2011- 2021 ya fito ne daga MDBs ($ biliyan 37) da kuma kashi 45 cikin 100 daga kafofin biyu ($ biliyan 33.47). Koyaya, rahoton UNDP ya kuma bayyana cewa Afirka ta Tsakiya tana da mafi ƙanƙanta yawan jama'a a yankunan Afirka kuma tana karɓar mafi ƙarancin Kudin yanayi. DRC tana cikin Afirka ta Tsakiya kuma tana fuskantar ƙalubalen ƙarancin kuɗin yanayi.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
Ya kamata a tuna cewa a cikin 2013, an sanya Democrat na Kongo a matsayin ƙasa mafi talauci a duniya. Wataƙila, wannan ya shafi maido da yanayi kuma ya zurfafa ƙalubalen muhalli. Don haka, yana buƙatar tallafi daga ƙungiyoyin gida da na duniya don rage matsalolin yanayi. Har ila yau, an san DRC da rabin gandun daji na Afirka tare da manyan albarkatun ruwa mai laushi, da kuma ma'adanai. Duk waɗannan suna da mahimmanci ga canjin kore. Wannan ya sanya shi a cikin rukunin ƙasashe waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga aikin yanayi na duniya. Bankin Duniya ya bayyana cewa, "Kudancin DRC na iya samar da kimanta darajar dala biliyan 223 - biliyan 398 a kowace shekara daga adanaccen carbon da kuma ayyukan da ke tattare da shi da ake buƙata don rage tasirin bala'o'i da haɓaka juriya na al'ummomin DRC. Koyaya, idan ba a kare shi ba, asarar kashi 40% na halin yanzu, na iya nufin cewa sashin DRC, Canjin ƙasa da gandun daji (LULUCF) zai zama tushen tushen tushen carbon kuma ba don haka ba zai samar da irin wannan asarar carbon biliyan -9.

DRC tana da dalilai don kare kasar ta daga canjin yanayi. A cewar Cibiyar hadin kan kasa da kasa, "DRC gida ce ga wuraren da ke da ruwa, gami da mafi girman wuraren da ke cikin wurare masu zafi, wanda ke rufe kusan kilomita 123,750, ko kashi 75 cikin dari na Kogin Kongo. " Wadannan suna buƙatar kariya daga canjin yanayi don kiyaye wuraren halitta da al'adu na kasar don ba da damar ci gaban tattalin arziki da Ci gaba mai ɗorewa. 

## Kudin gwamnati a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo
A cikin 2015 gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tallafi tare da Asusun Yanayi na Green, wanda ya samar da adadin USD 300,000 don gina iyawa a Jihar Afirka. Ministan Muhalli, Kare Yanayi, da Ci Gaban DRC na DR Congo ya kasance a lokacin sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tallafin. Wannan asusun an yi shi ne don gina ikon ma'aikata ciki har da ƙwarewar fasaha da aiki don shiga.

A cikin 2020 Jamhuriyar Kongo da Asusun Yanayi na Green (GCF) sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Privileges and Immunities. Ya zama ƙasa ta 24 da ta sanya hannu kan irin wannan yarjejeniya tare da GCF. Muhimmancinsa ya ta'allaka ne a cikin aiki mai inganci da ayyukan tare da asusun saka hannun jari. Ya kamata a tuna cewa Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe 158 ciki har da Tarayyar Turai waɗanda suka sanya hannu kan Alkawarin Methane na Duniya tare da jajircewar rage hayakin methane na duniya kafin 2030 don kiyaye iyakar dumama 1.5 ° C a cikin iyaka.

DRC na daga cikin kasashe 130 da suka sanya hannu kan sanarwar shugabannin Glasgow kan gandun daji da amfani da ƙasa, don kawo karshen asarar gandun daji kuma lalacewar ƙasa a shekarar 2030. Har ila yau, ta sanya hannu kan sabon Sanarwar Forest, Agriculture and Commodity Trade (FACT), wanda Burtaniya da Indonesia suka goyi bayan. A cewar sanarwar Shugabannin:

* $ 12bn a cikin tallafin jama'a don "taimakawa aiki don karewa, dawowa da kuma gudanar da gandun daji" daga kasashe 12, da za a kawo a cikin 2021-2025.
* $ 7.2bn a cikin saka hannun jari masu zaman kansu daga kamfanoni da kudaden agaji.
* Daga cikin wannan dala biliyan 19.2, akalla dala biliyan 1.5 an ware su musamman don kare gandun daji na Kogin Kongo na Afirka.
* Daga cikin wannan dala biliyan 19.2, akalla dala biliyan 1.7 an yi alkawarin tallafawa 'yan asalin ƙasar da al'ummomin yankin da kuma inganta haƙƙin mallakar ƙasarsu.
* Ƙaddamarwa daga manyan shugabannin cibiyoyin hada-hadar kudi sama da 30 don kawar da ayyukan da ke da alaƙa da sare daji.

A cikin 2022, DRC na ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga rage dumamar yanayi. Kodayake kasashe masu tasowa sun tara dala biliyan 116 don taimakawa da tallafawa canjin yanayi a cikin kasashe masu ci gaba, rahoton ya nuna cewa DRC tana da rashi a cikin kudaden yanayi tare da hadin gwiwar masu ba da gudummawa ga katako da amfani da mai. Wannan ya sa ra'ayi na kasa ya kalli shi a matsayin makirci na kasa da kasa a kan jihar Kongo, wanda aka gani a matsayin 'wanda aka azabtar' da musayar rashin daidaito. Koyaya, an sanya hannu kan dala miliyan 500 tare da Cibiyar Kula da dazuzzuka ta Afirka ta Tsakiya (CAFI) kamar yadda aka bayyana a wasika ta biyu.

## Masu ba da kuɗi na duniya
A cikin 2015, GCF ta amince da buƙatun kusan kasashe masu tasowa ashirin waɗanda suka zaɓi UNDP, UNEP ko GIZ a matsayin abokan tarayya don aiwatar da ayyukan shirin. Ana sa ran wannan zai ba da damar dala miliyan 5.4 a cikin tallafi ga ƙasashe masu tasowa a ƙarƙashin GCF. Tare da wannan, UNDP ta sami biyan kuɗi na farko ga ƙasashe takwas waɗanda Jamhuriyar Kongo ta kasance mai cin gajiyar Bangladesh, Jamhuriwar Afirka ta Tsakiya, Guinea, Indiya, Laberiya, Timor-Leste, da Swaziland a ƙarƙashin dala miliyan 1.35.

Ya zuwa ranar 31 ga watan Disamba, 2023, bayanai daga Asusun Zuba Jari na Yanayi (CIF) ya bayyana cewa ya amince da ayyukan uku don DRC a $ 28.5m kuma yana sa ran hadin gwiwar $ 96.15m. Ana sa ran hadin gwiwar ta zo daga: Gwamnati a $ 8.56% (8.24M), MBD a 85.65% (82.35M) da kuma kamfanoni masu zaman kansu a 5.79% (5.56M). 

USAID ta goyi bayan Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo don inganta makamashi mai sabuntawa. Wannan wani bangare ne na goyon baya ga rage sauyin yanayi. Yankunan kudi sun hada da:

* Kafa sabbin hukumomin kula da makamashi guda biyu, wadanda ke ba da kulawa mai mahimmanci ga bangaren.
* Taimaka wa gwamnati don aiwatar da dokar wutar lantarki ta 2014 ta hanyar tsara dokoki, umarni, da ka'idoji sama da goma sha biyu, daga cikinsu an riga an karɓi 14.
* Samar da gidaje 1,434 da kamfanoni 44 damar samun wutar lantarki mai tsabta da sabuntawa a cikin Shekarar Kasuwanci 2020 daga tashar wutar lantarki.
* Yin amfani da sama da dala miliyan 77 na kudade don samar da abin dogaro, makamashi mai araha ga birnin Goma.
* Bayar da damar kafa sabon grid 15,612 da haɗin kai tsaye na grid har zuwa yau (10,386 a cikin FY 2020).
* Tattara saka hannun jari na dala miliyan 2.25 don ayyukan makamashi mai tsabta, wanda zai ci gaba da nuna damar kamfanoni masu zaman kansu a cikin DRC.

## Yarjejeniyar Paris
Tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Paris a cikin 2015 ya haifar da damar kare canjin yanayi don Manufofin Ci Gaban Ci gaba (SDGs), ci gaban tattalin arziki da inganta hanyoyin rayuwa. Don haka a cikin 2015, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo ta gabatar da sabon shirin aikin yanayi ga Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi (UNFCCC). Wani ɓangare na yarjejeniyar shine don tabbatar da matsakaicin zafin jiki na duniya na digiri 2 na Celsius don ci gaba mai ɗorewa.

## Manazarta