Marcion na Sinope

Marcion na Sinope (/ˈmɑːrkiən, -siən/; Girkanci na dā: Μαρκίων[1][bayani 1] Σινώπης; c. 85 – c. 160[2]) masanin tauhidi ne[3] a farkon Kiristanci. Marcion ya yi wa'azi cewa Allah ya aiko da Yesu Kiristi, wanda ya bambanta da Allah "mai ɗaukar fansa" (Demiurge) wanda ya halicci duniya. Ya ɗauki kansa a matsayin mabiyin Bulus Manzo, wanda ya yi imani shi kaɗai ne manzon gaskiya na Yesu Kiristi; koyarwarsa ana kiranta Marcionism. Marcion published the earliest record of a canon of New Testament books. Marcion ya buga tarihin farko na kundin littattafan Sabon Alkawari.[3][5]

Marubutan Ikilisiya na farko kamar Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, da Tertullian sun yi tir da Marcion a matsayin mai ridda ko mai adawa da Kristi,  kuma cocin Roma ya fitar da shi a kusa da 144.  Ya wallafa nasa Canon na nassosi masu tsarki na Kirista,   wanda ya ƙunshi Wasiƙun Pauline goma (ciki har da wasiƙun ga mutanen Laodice, yayin da ba a haɗa wasiƙun Pastoral ba) da Linjilar Marcion wanda a tarihi ana da'awar cewa an gyara shi ne na Linjilar Luka. Wasu malaman zamani, kamar Matthias Klinghardt, sun yi la'akari da cewa Linjilar Marcion ita ce mafi tsufa, kodayake an kalubalanci wannan.

Wannan ya sanya Marcionism ya zama mai haɓaka a cikin tsarin ci gaban Sabon Alkawari ta hanyar tilasta Ikilisiyar Orthodox ta amsa ga canon nasa.  

## Rayuwa
Epiphanius ya rubuta a cikin  (c. 375) cewa an haifi Marcion ɗan bishop a Pontus (Turkiya ta zamani), mai yiwuwa Philologus na Sinope .  Rhodo da Tertullian, samari a cikin tsufa na Marcion, sun bayyana shi a matsayin "mai jirgin ruwa" da kuma "mai kula da jirgin ruwa" bi da bi. Wani lokaci a ƙarshen 130s, Marcion ya yi tafiya zuwa Roma, ya shiga cocin Roma, kuma ya ba da gudummawa mai yawa na 200,000 sasterces ga ikilisiya a can. Rikici da cocin Roma ya tashi kuma daga ƙarshe An kore shi a cikin 144, an mayar masa da gudummawarsa.

Irenaeus ya rubuta cewa "wani Cerdo, wanda ya samo asali ne daga Simonians, ya zo Roma a ƙarƙashin Hyginus [...] kuma ya koyar da cewa wanda aka ayyana a matsayin Allah ta Dokar da Annabawa ba Uba ne na Ubangijinmu Yesu Kristi ba" (Against Heresies, 1, 27, 1). Har ila yau, a cewar su, Marcion da Gnostic Valentinus abokai ne a Roma.

A cikin shekara ta 394, Epiphanius ya yi iƙirarin cewa bayan farawa a matsayin mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, Marcion ya ya yaudari budurwa kuma mahaifinsa ya kore shi, wanda ya sa ya bar garinsu.[undefined] Wasu malamai sun dauki wannan "yaudarar budurwa" a matsayin kwatanci ga cin hanci da rashawa na Marcion na Ikilisiyar Kirista, tare da Ikilisiyar da aka nuna a matsayin budurwa marar ladabi, kuma cewa Marcion a bayyane ya zama "wanda aka azabtar da tarihin irin wannan kwatanci, duk da cewa ya saba wa al'adar da ta tsananin jima'i".[1] ::102 Mai shakka shine da'awar Tertullian a cikin The Prescription Against Heretics (wanda aka rubuta c. 200) cewa Marcion ya yi ikirarin tuba, kuma ya amince da yanayin da aka ba shi - cewa ya kamata ya sami sulhu idan ya mayar wa Ikilisiyar waɗanda ya ɓace - amma an hana shi yin hakan ta hanyar mutuwarsa.[2]

## Cocin Marcionite
Cocin Marcionite ya fadada sosai a cikin rayuwar Marcion, ya zama babban abokin hamayya ga sauran cocin da ke tasowa. Bayan mutuwarsa, ya ci gaba da bin sa kuma ya tsira daga gardamar Kirista da rashin amincewar mulkin mallaka na ƙarni da yawa. Masana tauhidi da yawa sun gan shi a matsayin mai farauta.

## Koyarwa
Nazarin Littafi Mai-Tsarki na Ibrananci, tare da rubuce-rubucen da aka karɓa da ke yawo a cikin Ikilisiyar da ke tasowa, ya jagoranci Marcion ya kammala cewa yawancin koyarwar Yesu ba su dace da ayyukan Yahweh ba, wanda aka kwatanta shi da allahn yaƙi na Littafi Mai-Msarki na Ibraniyawa. Marcion ya amsa ta hanyar haɓaka tsarin imani na ditheistic a kusa da shekara ta 144. Wannan ra'ayi na alloli biyu - wanda ya fi girma da kuma mafi ƙanƙanta duniya-halicci da mai mulki - ya ba Marcion damar sulhunta abubuwan da ya fahimta tsakanin tauhidin alkawari na Kirista da bishara da Sabon Alkawari ya ayyana.

Ya bambanta da sauran shugabannin Ikilisiyar Kirista, duk da haka, Marcion ya bayyana cewa Kiristanci yana cikin cikakkiyar rikici da Addinin Yahudanci kuma yana adawa da nassoshin Yahudanci gaba ɗaya. Marcion bai yi iƙirarin cewa waɗannan karya ne ba. Maimakon haka, ya tabbatar da cewa gaskiya ne gaba ɗaya, amma za a karanta su a cikin cikakkiyar hanyar zahiri, wanda ya kai shi ga haɓaka fahimtar cewa Yahweh ba Allah ɗaya ba ne da Yesu ya yi magana game da shi. Alal misali, Marcion ya yi jayayya cewa labarin Farawa na Yahweh yana tafiya a cikin lambun Adnin yana tambaya inda Adamu yake, ya tabbatar da cewa Yahweh yana zaune a jiki na zahiri kuma ba tare da ilimin duniya ba, halayen da ba su dace da Uba na Sama wanda Yesu ya furta ba.

## Manazarta