Tarihin Abenaki

Mutanen Abenaki ƴan asalin ƙasar Amirka ne dake yankin Arewa maso Gabashin Woodlands . Imaninsu na addini wani bangare ne na al'adar *Midedewiwin*, tare da bukukuwan da masu kula da magunguna ke jagoranta, wanda ake kira *Medeoulin* ko *Mdawinno*.

## Halitta

### Gluskab da Canjin Tsakanin Zamani

A cikin tatsuniyar Abenaki babban abin bautawa shine Gici Niwaskw, wanda kuma ake magana da shi da lakabin Tabaldak ko Dabaldak, ma'ana Ubangiji, da Niwaskowôgan, ma'ana Babban Ruhu . Bisa ga tatsuniyar halitta, babu sauti ko launi kafin lokacin da Gici Niwaskw ya so shi kuma ya fara aikin ƙirƙirar duniya. Don yin haka sai ya kira wani katon kunkuru, mai suna Tolba, daga cikin ruwa na farko, yana yin kasa a saman harsashi na Tolba da gajimare da ke sama. Bayan wannan halitta Ruhu Mai Girma ya yi barci ya fara mafarkin kowane halitta da tsiro da suke wanzuwa, yana farkawa ya gane cewa mafarkinsa ya zama gaskiya kamar yadda ya yi barci. Ta haka sabuwar duniya ta kasance da abubuwa masu rai. 

Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan Gluskab da yawa shine yaudarar babban gaggafa Pamola, wanda ke haifar da iska ta hanyar buga fuka-fukansa, don ba shi damar ɗaure fuka-fuka, da kuma 'yantar da su da zarar gaggafa ta yi alkawarin haifar da hadari kawai a wasu lokuta. Gluskab kuma an yaba da raguwar beavers zuwa girman su na zamani, kamar yadda a zamanin Tsohon sun fi mutane girma. Ya yi haka ta hanyar sanya su a kan kawunansu, kuma tare da kowane dabba, ya yi amfani da sihirinsa don sa su girma karami da karami. Labarin da aka fi sani da shi shine Gluskab yana juyawa a cikin bishiyoyin maple don yin amfani da ruwa. Da farko, ana iya samun syrup kai tsaye a cikin bishiyoyin maple, don haka mutane sun zauna a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi duk rana kuma sun bar kayan zaki mai zaki ya zubo kai tsaye a bakinsu, yana barin filayen da ba a kula da su ba kuma gidaje ba su da tsabta. Gluskab ya zuba ruwa a cikin bishiyoyin maple don narkar da syrup, wanda ke nufin cewa mutane ba za su iya samun syrup na maple ba tare da tattara shi ba kuma su tafasa shi ƙasa da yadda suka tattara. Ta haka ne Gluskab ya tabbatar da cewa mutane ba za su zama masu laushi a rayuwarsu ba.

A wasu sassan labarinsa, an lura da Gluskab a matsayin tagwayen Malsum ko Malsumis, wani mutum mai banƙyama wanda ke neman yin rayuwa da wuya ga mutane maimakon sauƙaƙe. Koyaya, akwai wasu shakku game da ko wannan sigar ta fito ne daga tatsuniyoyin Abenaki ko kuma idan labarin Iroquois ne da ba daidai ba, saboda akwai tushen da aka sani kawai a cikin kabilun Abenaki kuma babu ƙarin sani game da shi a cikinsu.

## Shekaru Uku
Tun daga halitta, Abenaki ya yi imani cewa duniya ta wuce shekaru daban-daban guda uku, wanda ɗan adam ya bayyana da dangantakarta da sauran dabbobi. Na farko, akwai zamanin da, inda ake kallon mutane da dabbobi a matsayin daidai, sai kuma zamanin Golden Age, inda mutane suka fara ware kansu daga zama kamar sauran dabbobi. A karshe, akwai zamanin da ake ciki, wanda ke nuni da matsayin da mutane ke ciki a halin yanzu sun rabu da sauran dabbobi.

### Halittun zamanin da
 

* Atosis - medeoulin wanda ɗan adam ne mai rarrafe, ya tilasta wa mutane su sami sanda don ya dafa su da ita, Moosbas ya makantar da su.
* Azeban - " Raccoon ", raccoon ko wolverine ruhin yaudara
* Kee-wakw - wani katon kato, mai cin naman daji
* Kisosen - "Sun-Bringer", allahntakar hasken rana, gaggafa wanda fuka-fukinsa ya buɗe don ƙirƙirar rana, kuma ya rufe don haifar da dare.
* Kita-skog "Babban Maciji" ko *Pita-skog* "Babban Maciji" - Macijin Ƙaho wanda ke yaki da Pa-don-gi-ak
* Kchi-awasos - "Babban Bear", taurarin kwano na Babban Dipper sune Babban Bear, wanda mafarauta uku ke korarsu kowane dare; ana kashe shi a kowace faɗuwar jini kuma jininsa yana digowa ƙasa yana juya ganyayen launin ruwan kasa yayin da ƙungiyar taurari ke juyewa; an daidaita shi, kuma ana sake haifuwa, kowane bazara
* Mateguas (kuma *Mat-gwas* ) - ruhun zomo, na farko (ɗayan sihiri) zomo, *medeoulin* na farko, almara wanda ya kafa *Midedewiwin* .
* Metee-kolen-ol - tseren mugayen mayu da zukatan kankara
* Nanom-keea-po-da - ruhun ƙasa wanda ke haifar da girgizar ƙasa
* Niben - "Summer", wata mace wadda kyakkyawa mai ban mamaki ta tilasta Pe-ben ya koma arewa; tana wakiltar bazara
* Pamola - tsuntsu da ruhun dare wanda ke ɗaukar fursunoni zuwa Alomkik, kusa da Dutsen Katahdin kuma yana haifar da yanayin sanyi.
* Psônen "Snow-Bringer" - ruhun gaggafa wanda ke yin dusar ƙanƙara ta buɗe fuka-fukinsa.
* Padôgiyik "Thunders" - ' yan'uwa masu launin fata bakwai, masu launin zinari, rabin mutum da rabi- tsuntsaye, tsoffin mazaunan tafkin Champlain, kamar yaki, tsawa da ruhohin walƙiya .
* Pebon "Winter" - mai sihiri mai karfi wanda ya sa masu sauraron sa barci lokacin da yake ba da labari, ruhun hunturu.
* Siguan "Spring" - wani saurayi wanda yake son lokacin rani, kuma ya kawo ta arewa kowace bazara
* Tabaldak "Owner" - da androgynous mahaliccin wanzuwa
* Wa-won-dee-a-megw "Snail" - ruhun katantanwa wanda zai iya rayuwa a cikin bishiyoyi, a kan ƙasa ko a cikin ruwa, da kuma canza girman da bayyanar su yi kama da babban maciji, alligator ko scaly man; yana da ƙahoni waɗanda za a iya niƙa su su zama foda na sihiri
* Wad-zoo-sen - gaggafa da ke kaɗa fuka-fukansa don ƙirƙirar iska . Gluskab yayi ƙoƙari ya dakatar da iskarsa don farauta ta hanyar ɗaure fuka-fukinsa da motsa shi, amma ya gane cewa idan ba iska ba, ƙasa da ruwa za su sha wahala kuma su sake shi don barin iska.
* Wassan-mon-ganeehla-ak - tseren mutanen da ke buga wasanni tare da ƙwallon haske, yana haifar da Aurora Borealis.

### Halittun Zamanin Zinare

* Oodzee-hozo ( *Odzihózo* ) wanda aka fi sani da Gluskab/Gluskabe (Gloos Ka Be)  - ("mutumin da ya halicci kansa") mutumin da ya rayu kafin ƙirƙirar ƙafafu . Ya ja jikinsa a kusa da shi, ya halicci duwatsu, kwaruruka da koguna (a cikin wannan farkon nau'in, ana kiransa Bemee-geedzin-pobi-zeed ), da Lake Champlain, wanda yake mai tsarki ga Abenaki. Odzihozo ya juya kansa ya zama dutse a cikin tafkin ( Rock Dunder, kusan  yamma da Burlington, Vermont ), wanda aka ce ya zauna. 
* Tool-ba (Tôlba) - ruhun kunkuru wauta, kawun Gluskab
* Pla-ween-noo - ruhun kunkuru, mahaifiyar Gluskab, ruhun majiɓinci na Sokwakis
* **Agaskw** (kuma Nokemis) - ("woodchuck", kuma aka sani da ***Nokemis***, "kakata") itace mai hikimar itacen -ruhu na Abenaki . Ita ce kakar Gluskab .
* Moos-bas - ruhun mink, ɗan ɗa a kan Gluskab, mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, wani lokacin yana cika buri.
* Mool-sem - daya daga cikin karnukan Gluskab, farar fata, na iya raguwa ko girma kansa.
* M-da-weelh-ak - ruhun loon a cikin siffar kare, manzon Gluskab, daya daga cikin karnukansa, baƙar fata, zai iya raguwa ko girma kansa.
* A-senee-ki-wakw - tseren kattai na dutse, mutanen farko da Gluskab ya halitta amma sai suka halaka saboda sun murkushe wasu dabbobi kuma sun raunata ƙasa da girmansu.

* Alom-bag-winno-sis ko **Alom-begwi-no-sis** - m, tseren dwarfish na maza yana tayar da kwale-kwale, wanda zai iya karuwa ko rage girman jiki yadda ya so; sun kuma mallaki tukunyar da za ta iya canza ‘yan kwaya na masara zuwa adadi mai yawa; ganin wanda ake zaton yana annabta mutuwa ta nutsewa
* Tambaya-wee-da-eed - wani abu na wuta, wanda aka gano a matsayin nufin o' wisp, wanda ke kawo sa'a da mutuwa, kuma yana da alaƙa da tauraron dan adam da meteors.
* Atsolowas - mai wayo .
* Awa-hon-do z - ruhohin kwari masu cizon mutane
* Awes-kon-wa - ƙarami, mai tashi sprite, hade da kabilar Mohawk
* Batsolowanagwes - mai dabara mai kyau
* Bedig-wajo (yammacin Abenaki) ko Ktaden (gabashin Abenaki) - gwarzon al'adu
* Chibaiskweda - iskar gas, wanda ake zaton fatalwar gawar da ba ta dace ba ce ta haifar da ita.
* Do-gakw-ho-wad- ƴan ƙanana waɗanda suke farfaɗo da muƙaƙƙun dabbobi a buɗe da sanduna don gudun kada a ci su.
* Dzee-dzee-bon-da - dodo, mummuna har ma yana jin tsoron bayyanarsa.
* Ko-gok - wani dodo
* Lo-lol - dodo mai ban tsoro
* M-ska-gwe-demoos - mace mai fadama, sanye da gansakuka tare da gashin gashi ; tana kuka ita kaɗai a cikin dajin kuma tana da haɗari
* Maski-mon-gwe-zo-os - wata dabbar toad, tana yaudarar maza da yara kuma tana kashe su, ta bayyana ko dai a matsayin bargo ko kuma mace sanye da gansakuka, da bel da aka yi da bawon arborvitae.
* Meek-moos-ak - wasu gajerun tagwaye masu lalata da mata, waɗanda aka la'anta su ba za su taɓa son aure ba, suna kashe mafarauta a lokacin damuna, wataƙila sun zama ɗan kabilar Mi'kmaq.
* N-dam-keno-wet - rabin kifi, rabin halittar ɗan adam mai ƙaramin fuska da dogon gashi, yana lalata da mata
* P-skig-demo-os - wata halitta mace, kashe maza da yara
* Pak-zin-skwa - mummuna, tsohuwa
* Pim-skwa-wagen-owad - ƙanana, masu ruwa da ruwa, halittu masu tsinke
* Pok-wejee-men - ƙananan halittu, waɗanda aka halicce su daga haushi na bishiyar ash
* Tsa-tsamolee-as - mai surutu, wawa mai wawa
* Tsi-noo - mutumin da zuciyarsa ta kasance daga kankara kuma ba ta da rai ; ya kan ci ran wasu ne don arziƙi da ƙarfi. Duba kuma Chenoo . 
* Wana-games-ak - halittun da ke zaune a kogin tare da kunkuntar fuska, su ainihin nau'i biyu ne, halittun abokantaka wadanda suka gargadi Abenaki game da hare-hare masu zuwa.

## Manazarta