Kurkukun Abu Salim

A cikin shekara ta 2011, lokacin da Majalisar Canjin Kasa ta gayyaci masu bincike daga CNN da sauran kungiyoyi, ta sami kawai abin da ya zama ƙasusuwan dabba a wannan shafin kuma ta sanar da ƙarin bincike.

## Gine-gine
An gina gidan yarin ne a shekarar 1984 ta ma'aikatan kasashen waje a cikin rikodin lokaci daga shigo da su, da aka riga aka yi. Kowane slab yana da rami na kankare a tsakiya, don cranes za su iya sanya slabs a wuri. An cika ramukan da tururi, amma fursunoni daga baya sun sake buɗe ramukan, su ɓoye ramukan kuma suyi magana ta hanyar su da juna. An gina gidan yarin Abu Salim don maye gurbin gidan yarin "Black Horse". Kurkukun ya kunshi bangarori biyu iri ɗaya da ake kira kurkukun soja da kurkukun tsakiya. Kowane toshe ya kunshi unguwa takwas.

## Amfani da shi kafin kisan kiyashi
Fursunoni na farko sun isa a watan Satumbar 1984. An kama su ne bayan wani hari na Mayu 1984 a gidan Gaddafi a Bab al-Azizia . A watan Maris na shekara ta 1988, an saki 426 daga cikin fursunonin siyasa 530 a Abu Salim a cikin afuwa. Koyaya, yawan fursunoni sun sake ƙaruwa bayan kama mutane da yawa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa a cikin raƙuman ruwa, farawa daga Disamba 1988 zuwa Maris 1989, sannan daruruwan da ake zargi da shiga cikin yunkurin juyin mulki a watan Oktoba 1993. A watan Maris na shekara ta 1995, an saki fursunoni 306, sannan aka kama mutane da yawa daga tsakiyar watan Mayu zuwa watan Agusta na shekara ta 1995.  [maɓuɓɓugar da ba a amince da ita ba?] Akwai raguwa uku, a watan Yulin 1995, Disamba 1995 da tsakiyar Yuni 1996, wanda ya shafi mutane 400.

## Kisan kiyashi na 1996
An gudanar da zanga-zangar fursunoni a ranar 28 ga Yuni, 1996. An yanke abincin abinci sosai a matsayin horo bayan fursunoni da yawa sun tsere daga kurkuku 'yan kwanaki da suka gabata. Fursunoni masu tayar da kayar baya sun kama masu gadi biyu yayin da suke rarraba abinci. Ɗaya daga cikin masu gadi ya mutu, sauran masu gadi sun bude wuta, sun kashe fursunoni shida kuma sun ji rauni game da 20. Masu tattaunawar gwamnati, ciki har da Abdullah Senussi, sai suka sadu da wakilan fursunoni waɗanda suka nemi inganta yanayin, kula da marasa lafiya da gwaji. Senussi bai yarda ya gurfanar da fursunoni a gaban shari'a ba, amma ya amince da sauran sharuɗɗa, da zarar an saki mai tsaron da aka kama. Fursunoni sun yarda. An gaya wa fursunoni 120 da suka ji rauni da marasa lafiya cewa za su sami kulawa ta likita kuma an dauke su cikin bas. Kamar yadda ya faru, ba za a sake ganinsu ba. Kashegari da safe, 29 ga Yuni, an tattara fursunoni da yawa a cikin farfajiyar gidan yarin tsakiya, kuma an harbe su kuma an kashe su da bindiga daga rufin. Fiye da fursunoni 1,200 aka kashe a cikin kwanaki biyu. Kimanin fursunoni 270 daga Block 2 da fursunoni daga Block 1 ba a harbe su ba, amma an tura su cikin sashin soja na kurkuku. Dalilin a bayyane shi ne cewa makullin da aka kama daga masu gadi ba su dace da makullin sel ɗin su ba. Kwamandan ya kare su saboda ya yi imanin cewa sun ki shiga cikin tashin hankali.

Rahotanni na Human Rights Watch da farko sun dogara ne akan shaidar tsohon fursuna guda ɗaya, Hussein Al Shafa'i, wanda ya bayyana cewa bai ga wani fursuna da aka kashe ba: "Ba zan iya ganin fursunonin da aka harbe su ba..."  Al Shafa 'i ya kai adadin mutane sama da 1200 da aka kashe yana lissafin adadin abincin da ya shirya yayin da yake aiki a cikin ɗakin abinci na kurkuku. Rahoton Al Shafa'i daga baya ya tabbatar da wasu shaidu, gami da shaidu da 'yar jaridar Burtaniya Lindsey Hilsum ta tattara a cikin littafinta na 2012 Sandstorm . Ta bayyana adadin kisan kiyashi a matsayin ƙididdigar da ba ta da tabbas, saboda shiru na gwamnati game da inda fursunoni suke da kuma yanayinsu. Mansour Dhao da aka kama, wani fitaccen mutum a cikin mulkin Gaddafi, ya sake tabbatar da kisan kiyashi a cikin wata hira ta BBC.

A cewar Hisham Matar, an fara binne wadanda aka kashe a cikin kaburbura masu zurfi a cikin farfajiyar shida na kurkukun inda aka kashe su. Bayan 'yan watanni, an tono jikinsu, an rushe ƙasusuwan kuma an zubar da su cikin teku. Wata kungiya ta adawa, National Front for the Salvation of Libya, ta ce an cire gawawwakin ta hanyar motocin firiji kuma daga baya aka tura su zuwa jiragen kasa.

### Halin gwamnati
Gwamnatin Libya ta ki amincewa da duk wani zargi game da kisan kiyashi a Abu Salim na tsawon shekaru takwas.

A ranar 18 ga Afrilu 2004, Gaddafi ya yarda cewa kisan gillar da aka yi a gidan yarin Abu Salim ya faru.  Maganarsa ta kasance wani ɓangare na ƙoƙarin daidaita dangantakar da ƙasashen Yamma. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2005, shugaban Hukumar Tsaro ta Cikin Gida, wanda aka gano a matsayin "Khaled", ya gaya wa Human Rights Watch cewa fursunoni sun kama wasu masu gadi kuma sun sace makamai. Ya ce gwamnati za ta bude bincike kan umarnin Ministan Shari'a, wanda bai faru ba.

Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, ɗan fari na mai mulkin kama karya, ya yi ƙoƙari ya warware batun ta hanyar Gaddafi International Foundation for Charity Associations a kusa da shekara ta 2007.  Gwamnatin Libya ta ce a shekara ta 2009 cewa kashe-kashen ya faru ne a cikin rikici tsakanin gwamnati da 'yan tawaye daga Kungiyar Yaki da Musulunci ta Libya, kuma an yi zargin cewa an kashe wasu "masu gadi 200". A watan Janairun 2011, Jamahiriya ta Larabawa ta Libya ta ba da sanarwar cewa tana gudanar da bincike game da lamarin tare da masu binciken kasa da kasa. A lokacin da ba a sani ba duk da haka Gaddafi ya amince da biyan diyya ga iyalan wadanda abin ya shafa.

### Kungiyar waɗanda abin ya shafa da rawar da suka taka a yaƙin basasa na 2011
A shekarar 2007, ƙungiyar iyalai 94 sun kai ƙara a kotun yankin Benghazi ta Arewa don gano halin da 'yan uwansu da suka ɓace ke ciki. Kotun ta ƙi amincewa da ƙarar, amma kotun ɗaukaka ƙara ta Benghazi ta yanke hukunci a ranar 8 ga Yuni 2008, tana "umartar Gwamnati da ta bayyana halin da waɗanda aka tsare suka shiga". Iyalai 80 kuma sun shiga cikin ƙarar. Iyalai da suka rasa 'yan uwa ko suka mutu sun gudanar da zanga-zanga da dama a Benghazi. Lauya Fathi Terbil ya wakilce su. An kama shi sau da dama. A ranar 24 ga Janairu 2010, hukumomin Libya sun toshe damar shiga YouTube bayan ya nuna bidiyon zanga-zangar iyalan waɗanda aka kashe a gidan yari na Abu Salim a shekarar 1996, da kuma bidiyon 'yan uwa na shugaba Muammar Gaddafi a wuraren biki. Lauya Abdul Hafiz Ghoga shi ma ya wakilci iyalan waɗanda suka mutu a kisan ƙare dangi, kuma ya tattauna da Gaddafi kan diyya. Lokacin da guguwar sauyi ta Farar Arabiya ta faru a Tunisiya da Masar, Fathi Terbil yana cikin farkon waɗanda aka kama a ranar 15 ga Faburairu don dakile juyin juya hali. Iyalai daga gidan yari na Abu Salim sun taru don yin zanga-zanga saboda kamarsa, lamarin da ya haifar da taron jama’a a ranar 17 ga Faburairu, wanda ya kunna juyin juya hali a Libya. Abdullah Senussi, shugaban leƙen asirin Gaddafi wanda da yawa ke zargin yana da hannu a kisan 1996, an ruwaito cewa ya nemi Terbil da ya dakatar da zanga-zangar.

A lokacin tashi, Ghoga ya zama kakakin Majalisar Canjin Kasa, daga baya a watan Afrilu 2011 ya zama mataimakin shugaban kasa, kuma ya riƙe wannan matsayi har zuwa watan Janairu 2012.

### Zargin kaburburan jama'a
A ranar 25 ga Satumba 2011, bayan da aka kifar da tsohon gwamnati, gwamnatin National Transitional Council (NTC) ta bayyana cewa an gano wani kabarin jama'a a wajen kurkuku. Khalid al-Sherif, mai magana da yawun sojoji na NTC, ya ce an gano kabarin ne bisa bayanai daga tsofaffin jami’an gwamnati da aka kama. Ya bayyana cewa: "Mun gano gaskiya game da abin da al’ummar Libya ke jira tsawon shekaru, kuma su ne gawawwaki da ragowar wadanda aka kashe a kisan gillar Abu Salim." Ibrahim Abu Shim, wani mamba a kwamitin binciken kaburburan jama'a, ya ce masu bincike sun yi imani cewa mutane 1,270 ne aka binne a kabarin, amma NTC tana bukatar taimako daga al’umma ta duniya domin gano gawawwakin da kuma tantance su, saboda babu kayan zamani da ake bukata domin gwajin DNA. A shekarar 2011, lokacin da National Transitional Council ta gayyaci 'yan jarida daga CNN da sauran kafofin yada labarai, ba ta sami gawawwaki ba sai abin da ya yi kama da kasusuwa na dabbobi a wurin, kuma ta bayyana ci gaba da bincike.
## Amfani bayan kisan gilla
Bayan kisan gilla, an ce yanayi ya dan inganta. Duk da haka, an kiyasta cewa daga 1997 zuwa 2001, kimanin mutane 200 ne suka mutu sanadiyyar tarin fuka.

A ranar 4 ga Oktoba, 2006, akalla ɗan fursuna ɗaya ya mutu, wasu tara kuma sun jikkata a lokacin tarzoma a kurkukun. Tarzomar ta faru ne bayan an dawo da fursunoni 120 daga kotu a Tripoli inda aka tabbatar da hukuncin kisa 20 da kuma dogayen hukuncin dauri a kansu. An yanke musu hukunci ne saboda kasancewa membobi na ƙungiyar da aka haramta, wadda ake kyautata zaton ita ce Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG). Fursunonin sun kasance a kurkuku tun tsakiyar shekarun 1990.

A watan Agusta 2009, LIFG ta janye daga amfani da tashin hankali. Saboda haka, a ranar 15 ga Oktoba, 2009, an saki mambobi 45 na ƙungiyar tare da wasu jihadist 43.

A shekara ta 2010, an yi afuwa inda aka sake wasu mayakan Islama. Akwai jita-jita cewa za a rushe kurkukun kuma rahotanni sun nuna cewa wasu sassan kurkukun an riga an rushe su a watan Afrilu 2010, wai domin ɓoye shaidar kisan gillar da aka yi a 1996.

A shekarar 2011, yayin Yakin Basasan Libiya na farko, adadin fursunoni ya ƙaru sosai, wanda ya haifar da cunkoson gaske. Fursunonin sun sha wahala ta hanyar rufe musu idanu, jefa duwatsu a kansu, duka da ƙwallo da ƙafa.

## Azabtarwa
A cewar wani shaidu da Amnesty International ta rawaito, an kan yi wa fursunoni azaba akai-akai.

## Halin Rayuwa
A cewar wani fursuna da ya yi magana da Amnesty International, halin rayuwa a kurkukun ya kasance mai tsanani, ba tare da isassun wuraren tsabtace jiki ba, kulawar likita, da abinci.

## Sakin Fursunoni
A kwanakin ƙarshe na Yakin Basasa na 2011, an saki fursunoni, amma sojojin da ke biyayya ga Gaddafi sun bude wuta a kansu da zarar sun fito daga kurkuku, inda suka kashe biyu kuma suka jikkata takwas. Daga ƙarshe, 'yan tawayen sun kwace kurkukun a ranar 24 ga Agusta, kuma mutanen da ke zaune kusa da kurkukun ne suka karya ƙofofin dakunan fursunonin suka sako su gaba ɗaya.

## Shari'u
Daga shekarar 2012, wasu masu tsaron kurkuku da manyan jami'an gwamnatin Gaddafi na daure ana bincikensu da laifin kisan gillar da aka yi a kurkukun a 1996. A ranar 2 ga Mayu, 2021, Babban Kotun Libiya ta yanke hukunci cewa kisan gillar da aka yi a kurkukun Abu Salim laifin kisan kare dangi ne, kuma dole ne gwamnatin Libiya ta magance lamarin ta hanyar adalcin sauyi. Wannan hukunci ya soke hukuncin da kotun daukaka kara ta Tripoli ta yanke, kuma an dawo da shari'ar zuwa kotun ƙasa. Kungiyar kare haƙƙin bil'adama ta Libiya, Human Rights Solidarity, ta ce a cikin wannan harka cewa sakin wadanda ake zargi da hannu a kisan gillar "ba zai kawo zaman lafiya ba, illa dai yana ƙarfafa al'adar rashin hukunta masu laifi".
## Tsoffin Fursunoni
* Ali Al-Akermi, daga Oktoba 1984 har zuwa Satumba 2002, Shugaban Kungiyar Libiya ta Fursunonin Hankali (daga 2014).
* Ahmed al-Senussi, mamba na NTC, an tsare shi har zuwa 2001.
* Abdalhakim Belhaj, Emir na Kungiyar Yakin Musulunci ta Libiya, an tsare shi daga 2004 zuwa 2010
* Abu Sufian bin Qumu (2007–2010), tsohon fursunon Guantanamo
* Abdelhamid Shukri, mamba na Ƙungiyar 'Yan Uwa Musulmi
* Anwar Haraga, daga 1989 har zuwa 2000.
* Jaballa Matar, mahaifin marubucin Libiya-Burtaniya Hisham Matar kuma sanannen mamba na Ƙungiyar Ceton Libiya, ana kyautata zaton an tsare shi tun bayan cafekarsa a Masar a 1990 har zuwa mutuwarsa mai yuwuwa a kisan kiyashi na 1996
* Matthew VanDyke (2011), ɗan Amurka mai taimako a Yakin Basasa da aka tsare shi a kejin kadaici
## Manazarta