Fataucin mutane a Eswatini

Eswatini da aka fi sani da Swaziland, ƙasar da ke Kudancin Afirka ita ce tushen, makoma, da ƙasa mai wucewa ga mata da yara da ke fuskantar fataucin mutane,  musamman Cin zarafin jima'i na kasuwanci, bautar gida ba tare da son rai ba, da aikin tilas a aikin gona. 'Yan mata na Swazi, musamman marayu, suna fuskantar cin zarafin jima'i na kasuwanci da bautar gida ba tare da son rai ba a cikin biranen Mbabane da Manzini, da kuma a Afirka ta Kudu da Mozambique.

Ana fataucin yara maza na Swazi a cikin ƙasar don tilasta aiki a aikin gona na kasuwanci da sayar da kasuwa. Wasu matan Swazi an tilasta su yin karuwanci a Afirka ta Kudu da Mozambique bayan da suka yi ƙaura zuwa waɗannan ƙasashe don neman aiki. Ƙungiyoyin aikata laifuka na kasar Sin suna jigilar wasu wadanda abin ya shafa na Swazi zuwa Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu, inda ake "raba" wadanda abin ya faru a cikin gida ko kuma a tura su kasashen waje don cin zarafi.

Masu fataucin kaya a cikin 2009 sun ruwaito sun tilasta wa matan Mozambican yin karuwanci a Eswatini, ko kuma sun wuce Eswatini tare da wadanda abin ya shafa a kan hanyar zuwa Afirka ta Kudu. Yaran Mozambican sun yi ƙaura zuwa Eswatini don yin aiki wanke motoci, kiwon dabbobi, da ɗaukar kaya; wasu daga cikin waɗannan yara daga baya sun zama wadanda aka yi wa fataucin mutane.

Gwamnatin Eswatini ba ta cika cikakkun ka'idoji don kawar da fataucin mutane ba; duk da haka, tana yin ƙoƙari mai mahimmanci don yin hakan. Wannan kimantawa ya dogara ne a wani bangare akan jajircewar gwamnati na aiwatar da ƙarin mataki a cikin shekara mai zuwa, musamman tilasta aiwatar da sabuwar dokar hana fataucin mutane. 

Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don Kulawa da Yaki da Cin Hanci da Kasuwanci a cikin Mutane ya sanya kasar a cikin "Tier 2 Watchlist" a cikin 2017  da 2023 . 

Eswatini ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar TIP ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 2000 a watan Satumbar 2012. 

The Organized Crime Index na 2023 ya ba Eswatini maki 4.5 daga cikin 10 don fataucin mutane, yana mai lura da cewa rashin gurfanar da mafaka ya haifar da yawan mutane da ake fataucin, galibi zuwa Afirka ta Kudu.

## Shari'a (2009)
Gwamnatin Swazi ta kara karfinta na gudanar da kokarin tilasta bin doka na yaki da fataucin mutane, kodayake ba a kama ko gurfanar da wadanda ake zargi da fataucir ba a lokacin bayar da rahoto. A shekara ta 2009, gwamnati ta kafa cikakkiyar dokar yaki da fataucin mutane, wanda ke ba da izinin gurfanar da masu aikata laifukan fataucin da kuma kariya ga wadanda abin ya shafa, gami da kariya daga gurfanarwar don keta shige da fice.

Dokar Cinikin Jama'a da Cin Hanci da Jama'a (Harkakewa), 2009 ta fara aiki a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2009. Dokar ta dauki yarda da halayyar jima'i ta baya na mutanen da aka fataucin su zama marasa amfani, kuma sun haɗa da tanadi game da karkatar da kuɗi a matsayin hanyar gano mutanen da ke da hannu a fataucin mutane. Dokar ta rufe nau'ikan fataucin mutane na cikin gida da na kasa da kasa kuma tana ba da Maidowa da wanda aka azabtar ta hanyar kwace dukiyar masu laifi da aka yanke musu hukunci. Dokar ta ba da hukunci ga kowane nau'in fataucin mutane, gami da aikin sauƙaƙe laifuka fataucin, har zuwa shekaru 20 a kurkuku, tare da tarar da kotun ta yanke don biyan wanda aka azabtar saboda asararsa; waɗannan hukuncin suna da isasshen ƙarfi kuma sun dace da hukuncin da aka tsara don wasu manyan laifuka, kamar fyade. Hakazalika, hukuncin da aka tsara na shekaru 25 a kurkuku don fataucin yara don kowane dalili suma suna da tsauri sosai.

Gwamnati ta fara ilimantar da jami'ai da Jami'an tilasta bin doka game da tanadin sabuwar doka, kuma kafofin watsa labarai sun ba da rahoton cewa jami'ai sun fara yin bincike game da yiwuwar yanayin fataucin mutane. 'Yan sanda sun binciki wani yanayin fataucin mutane, kodayake ba a kama mutane ba dangane da lamarin kuma ba a sami ƙarin bayani ba. Gwamnati ba ta samar da horo na musamman game da gano wanda aka azabtar ba ga ma'aikatan tilasta bin doka da Ma'aikatan shige da fice, kodayake ta fara shirya irin wannan horo na gaba.

## Karewa (2009)
Gwamnatin Eswatini ta dauki matakai na farko don ƙirƙirar damar da ta fi dacewa don kare wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane, kodayake ba ta gano ko taimakawa duk wanda ke fama da cutar ba a lokacin rahoton. Hanyoyin da gwamnati za ta samar da wadanda abin ya shafa damar samun dama ga ayyukan shari'a, kiwon lafiya, da na tunanin mutum ba a aiwatar da su ba a lokacin bayar da rahoto. Duk da haka, rundunar Anti-Trafficking Task Force ta ƙaura bunkasa irin waɗannan hanyoyin, da kuma hanyoyin da suka dace game da gano wadanda abin ya shafa don tilasta bin doka, shige da fice, da ma'aikatan zamantakewa. Har ila yau, rundunar ta bincika yadda za a iya shirya shi mafi kyau don samar da taimako ga wadanda aka dawo da shi wadanda aka gano a kasashen waje.

Sabuwar dokar yaki da fataucin mutane ta Eswatini ta ba gwamnati, ta hanyar sanarwa a cikin wata jarida ta hukuma, ta ayyana kowane gida ko gina wurin mafaka don kula da kare wadanda ke fama da fataucinsu, kodayake gwamnati ba ta bude irin waɗannan cibiyoyin kula da wadanda aka azabtar a Eswatini ba a lokacin rahoton. Gidajen da gwamnati da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ke gudanarwa don kare yara da mata da aka yi wa zalunci, da aka watsar, da kuma wadanda ke fama da tashin hankali na gida na iya ba da taimako ga wadanda aka yi wa fataucin mutane. Manufofin kan batutuwa kamar haƙƙin wanda aka azabtar don gyara farar hula suna cikin ci gaba. Gwamnati ba ta ba da dama ga wadanda ke fama da cutar ba don cire su zuwa ƙasashe inda za su iya fuskantar haɗari ko wahala.

## Rigakafi (2009)
A cikin shekara, gwamnati ta kara kokarin hana fataucin mutane. Firayim Minista ya kirkiro Task Force for the Prevention of People Trafficking and People Smuggling a watan Yulin 2009, wanda ya hada da wakilai daga hukumomin gwamnati da hukumomin tilasta bin doka da yawa, UNICEF da UNDP, da kuma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da suka mayar da hankali kan taimakawa mata, yara, wadanda ke fama da aikata laifuka, da sauran mutanen da ke fama da rauni. Rundunar ta haɗu a kai a kai, kuma ta fara haɓaka shirin aiki na ƙasa da hanyoyin aiki daban-daban. Jami'an gwamnati, tare da mambobin Task Force, sun gudanar da tarurruka game da yanayin fataucin mutane kuma sun tattauna dokar da aka gabatar a duk yankuna huɗu na kasar a cikin 2009.

Firayim Minista ya kaddamar da reshen Eswatini na yankin "Red Light 2010 Campaign", wanda ke gina kan tallace-tallace da ke kewaye da gasar cin Kofin Duniya na FIFA na 2010 a Afirka ta Kudu, don tattara ayyukan rigakafin fataucin mutane. Dukkanin kafofin watsa labarai na Swazi sun rufe tarurrukan sosai.

Gwamnatin Swazi ta kirkiro wayar tarho ta yaki da fataucin mutane ga wadanda abin ya shafa da ke buƙatar taimako, da kuma jama'a su ba da rahoton abubuwan da ake zargi da fataucir. Sashin 'yan sanda na tashin hankali na cikin gida zai gudanar da hoton kuma ya haɗa da masu bincike da masu kulawa kamar yadda ake buƙata. A shekara ta 2009, jami'ai daga Mozambique, Afirka ta Kudu, da Eswatini sun gudanar da tarurruka don tattauna hanyoyin rage bukatar Ayyukan jima'i na kasuwanci dangane da gasar cin Kofin Duniya na FIFA ta 2010 a Afirka ta Kudu.

## Manazarta