open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Maja Blanca

***Maja Blanca*** ( [ˈmaha ˈblaŋka]) kayan zaki ne na Filipino tare da daidaituwa mai kama da gelatin da aka yi da farko daga madarar kwakwa. Har ila yau an san shi da pudding na kwakwa, yawanci ana ba da shi a lokacin *bukukuwa* da kuma lokacin bukukuwan, musamman Kirsimeti.

## Bayyanawa

Maja Blanca tana da daidaito na gelatin mai kauri da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano, kuma tana da fari mai launin cream. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]￼

## Etimology da tarihi
Abincin da aka yi amfani da shi shine gyaran Filipino na abincin Mutanen Espanya manjar blanco (blancmange, a zahiri "farin kayan lambu"), amma ya zama daban saboda yana amfani da sinadaran daban-daban, kamar madara kwakwa maimakon madara ko madarar almond. Abincin ya fi shahara a Luzon, musamman a cikin abincin Tagalog, Kapampangan, Pangasinense, da Ilocano. Amma kuma ya shahara a kudu, musamman tsakanin mutanen Chavacano masu magana da Zamboangueños . 

*Maja Blanca* kuma an san ta da dudul a cikin Ilocano wanda ke nuna asalinsa na Austronesian dodol;  da maja blanca con maíz, maja maíz, ko maja blanca maíz lokacin da ake amfani da ƙwayoyin  a cikin shiri (mai shine Mutanen Espanya don masara). 

## Shirye-shiryen
*Maja Blanca* tana da sauƙin shirya. Ana dumama madarar kwakwa (ba cream na kwakwa ba) da cakuda masara don tafasa a kan ƙananan harshen wuta yayin da yake motsawa. Hagar (*gulaman* a cikin Filipino) za a iya maye gurbin masara. Ana kuma ƙara ƙwayoyin masara, madara, da sukari sau da yawa, kodayake waɗannan ba al'ada ba ne na girke-girke. Da zarar cakuda ya yi kauri, sai a zuba shi cikin jita-jita da aka shafa a baya da man kwakwa, kuma a bar shi ya sanyaya. Da zarar sun yi ƙarfi, ana yayyafa *latik* (kayan kwalliya mai launin ruwan kasa) a matsayin toppings.

## Manazarta
1947-48 Aston Villa FC kakar

Aston Villa ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila na 1947-48 a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Farko, matakin farko na ƙwallon ƙwallon Ingila.

Akwai bayyanar farko ga Keith Jones (185), Albert J Brown (30), Albert Vinall (11)  da Harry Chapman (6) . "Sailor" Brown ya zo daga Forest a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1947 don kuɗin £ 10,000,  Bayan ya buga wasanni 30 kuma ya zira kwallaye tara,  an nada shi a matsayin mai kula da wasan Haka Gorleston a watan Agustan shekara ta 1948. A cikin rayuwarsa ta baya Brown ya yi Bincike ga Villa.

A b1943: The Battle of Midway[a] wasa ne na bidiyo na harbi na 1987 wanda  ya haɓaka kuma ya buga shi don ɗakunan wasan kwaikwayo. mai kunnawa yana sarrafa.

## Manazarta
1940 Wasan kwallon kafa na Mandatory Palestine da Lebanon

Wasan kwallon kafa na 1940 tsakanin kungiyoyin kasa na Mandatory Palestine da Lebanon shine wasan farko na kasa da kasa na karshe, kuma na karshe kafin su zama tawagar kasar Isra'ila bayan 1948. Wasan ya faru ne a ranar 27 ga Afrilu 1940 a Filin wasa na Maccabiah a Tel Aviv . John Blackwell na Sojojin Burtaniya ne ya tsara wasan, masu kallo tsakanin 6,000 da 10,000 ne suka kalli wasan kuma ya ƙare a cikin nasara 5-1 ga gida.

Falasdi u ta zira kwallaye a minti na biyu na wasan, ta ninka jagorancin su minti 10 bayan haka tare da kisa. Ƙarin kwallaye biyu daga cikin gida sun nuna rabi na farko ya ƙare 4-0. Da aka tilasta maye gurbin Palasdinu a rabin lokaci saboda rauni ya hana su kula da wasan kuma a minti na biyar na rabi na biyu, dan wasan Lebanon Camille Cordahi ya zira kwallaye don zama dan wasan Lebanon na farko. Werner Kaspi ya zira kwallaye na biyu na wasan a minti na 60, tare da wasan ya ƙare 5-1.

Wasannin da suka biyo baya na Lebanon duk sun kasance wasannin sada zumunci da Siriya, daya a 1942 da biyu a 1947. A shekara ta 1948 tawagar Mandatory Palestine ta zama tawagar Isra'ila, tare da kafa Jihar Isra'ila. Sun buga wasan su na gaba a wasan sada zumunci da Cyprus a shekarar 1949. Daga cikin 'yan wasa 11 na Lebanon, shida sun ci gaba da buga akalla wasa daya na kasa da kasa. Shalom Shalomzon shine kawai dan wasan Palasdinu da ya sake fitowa a duniya.

A cikin shekarun 1930, Taya-linkid="95>Lebanon ta kasance wurin da ake zuwa na yau da kullun don yawon shakatawa na abokantaka ta kungiyoyin kwallon kafa a Mandatory Palestine .  Kungiyoyi irin su Tel Aviv F.C.">Maccabi Tel Aviv, Maccabi Petah Tikva, da Maccabi Haifa suna buga wa kungiyoyi daga Beirut, Tyre, da Sidon wasa a kai a kai. A ƙarshen 1939, shugaban Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Lebanon (LFA) Jamil Sawaya ya ziyarci iyalinsa a Urushalima da Jaffa. Sawaya tana da dangantaka ta abokantaka tare da shugabannin kungiyoyin kwallon kafa na Palasdinawa da yawa, musamman tare da shugaban Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Falasdinu (PFA).  A lokacin ziyarar da ya kai Urushalima, Sawaya ya sadu da shugaban PFA, kuma kimanin makonni uku kafin wasan, tawagar Yahudawa ta Palasdinawa ta gayyaci LFA don shiga wasan sada zumunci a Tel Aviv. Kungiyar Lebanon ta yarda da gayyatar, kuma an shirya wasan ne a ranar 27 ga Afrilu 1940.

## Manazarta
1942 (wasan bidiyo)

***1942*** wasa ne na bidiyo mai harbi na tsaye na 1984 wanda Capcom ya haɓaka kuma ya buga don ɗakunan wasan kwaikwayo. Yoshiki Okamoto ne ya tsara shi, shi ne wasan farko a cikin Jerin , kuma 1943: Yakin Midway ya biyo baya.

*1942* an saita shi a cikin Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Pacific na Yaƙin Duniya na II, kuma ya dogara ne akan Yaƙin Midway . Duk da cewa masu haɓaka na Japan ne suka kirkirar wasan, burin shine ya isa Tokyo kuma ya lalata jirgin saman Japan; wannan ya kasance saboda kasancewa wasan Capcom na farko da aka tsara tare da kasuwannin Yamma a zuciya. Ya ci gaba da zama nasarar kasuwanci a cikin gidan caca, ya zama wasan kwaikwayo na biyar mafi girma na Japan na 1986 kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan kayan jujjuyawar gidan caca guda biyar a wannan shekarar a Amurka. An tura shi zuwa Nintendo Entertainment System, yana sayar da fiye da miliyan 1 a duk duniya, tare da sauran tsarin gida.

## Wasanni

Mai kunnawa yana tuka Lockheed P-38 Lightning wanda ake kira "Super Ace". Mai kunnawa dole ne ya harbe jiragen saman abokan gaba kuma ya guje wa wuta ta abokan gaba: sau ɗaya a cikin jirgin ko haɗuwa da wani jirgin sama yana haifar da asarar rai ɗaya. A lokacin wasan, mai kunnawa na iya tattara jerin abubuwan da ke motsawa, ɗaya daga cikinsu yana ba da damar wasu ƙananan mayakan biyu su raka jirgin a cikin tsarin Tip Tow. Maƙiyan sun haɗa da: Kawasaki Ki-61s, Mitsubishi A6M Zeros da Kawasaki Ki-48s. Jirgin saman shi ne Nakajima G10N .

Wasan yana da "maɓallin juyawa na musamman wanda ke bawa 'yan wasa damar kauce wa yanayi mai haɗari ta hanyar yin amfani da ɗan lokaci daga" filin wasa. Baya ga daidaitattun maki, yana da kashi daban-daban, yana yin rikodin mafi kyawun rabo na mayakan abokan gaba ga abokan gaba da aka harbe. 

## Manazarta
1910 Gasar jirgin sama ta London zuwa Manchester

Gasar jirgin sama ta 1910 ta Landan zuwa Manchester ta faru ne tsakanin masu jirgin sama biyu, kowannensu ya yi ƙoƙari ya lashe ƙalubalen jirgin sama mai nauyi fiye da iska tsakanin London da Manchester. Jaridar Daily Mail ce ta fara gabatar da tseren a cikin 1906. Kyautar £ 10,000 ta lashe a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1910 daga Faransanci Louis Paulhan .

Na farko da ya yi ƙoƙari shi ne Claude Grahame-White, ɗan Ingila daga Hampshire. Ya tashi daga London a ranar 23 ga Afrilu 1910, kuma ya fara shirin tsayawa a Rugby. Jirginsa na biyu daga baya ya sha wahala daga matsalolin injiniya, ya tilasta masa ya sake sauka, kusa da Lichfield. Babban iskar ya sa ba zai yiwu ba ga Grahame-White ya ci gaba da tafiyarsa, kuma jirginsa ya ci gaba leken wuta a ƙasa lokacin da aka hura shi.

Yayinda ake gyara jirgin saman Grahame-White a London, Paulhan ya tashi da marigayi a ranar 27 ga Afrilu, yana kan hanyar zuwa Lichfield. Bayan 'yan sa'o'i bayan haka aka sanar da Grahame-White game da tashiwar Paulhan, kuma nan da nan ya fara bin sa. Kashegari da safe, bayan tashi da ba a taɓa gani ba, ya kusan kama Paulhan, amma jirginsa ya yi nauyi kuma an tilasta masa ya yarda da cin nasara. Paulhan ya isa Manchester da wuri a ranar 28 ga Afrilu, inda ya lashe kalubalen. Dukkanin masu jirgin sama sun yi bikin nasararsa a wani abincin rana na musamman da aka gudanar a Otal din Savoy a London.

Wanna taron ya nuna tseren jirgin sama na farko mai nisa a Ingila, tashi na farko na na'ura mai nauyi fiye da iska da dare, da kuma jirgin farko mai ƙarfi zuwa Manchester daga waje da birnin. Paulhan ya sake maimaita tafiyar a watan Afrilu 1950, bikin cika shekaru arba'in da jirgin farko, a wannan lokacin a matsayin fasinja a cikin jirgin saman Birtaniya 

## Tarihi
A ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 1906 jaridar Daily Mail ta ba da kyautar £ 10,000 ga mai jirgin sama na farko don tashi mil 185 (298  tsakanin Landan da Manchester, ba tare da fiye da tsayawa biyu ba, a cikin ƙasa da awanni 24. Har ila yau, ƙalubalen ya ƙayyade cewa tashi da saukowa za su kasance a wuraren da ba su wuce kilomita 5 ba (kilomita 8) daga ofisoshin jaridar a cikin waɗannan biranen. Jirgin da aka yi amfani da wutar lantarki sabon abu ne,  masu mallakar jaridar suna da sha'awar karfafa ci gaban masana'antar; a cikin 1908 sun ba da £ 1,000 don jirgin farko a fadin Channel Channel (wanda mai jirgin saman Faransa Louis Blériot ya ci a ranar 25 ga Yulin 1909), da kuma £ 1,000 don zirga-zirgar mil 1 (1,600 m) jirgin saman Burtaniya ya yi a cikin jirgin saman Burtani (wanda mai saukar jirgin saman Ingila John Moore-Brabazon ya ci a 30 ga Oktoba 1909).  A cikin 1910, maza biyu sun yarda da ƙalubalen jaridar na 1906; ɗan Ingila, Claude Grahame-White, da ɗan Faransa, Louis Paulhan . &nbsp;

## Manazarta
Bishara Juma Aror

**Bushara Juma Aror** ta kasance dan siyasar Kasar Sudan kuma tsohuwar Ministan Bayanai, Ministan albarkatun dabbobi sannan kuma Ministan Cikin Gida.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Bushara Juma Aror a shekarar 1966 a yankin Kasha, wanda ke cikin yankin Sunut na Jihar West Kordofan. Ya kammala karatunsa na sakandari a garinsu. Daga baya ya sami digirinsa na farko a fannin ilimanarwa, a sashin Turanci, daga jami'ar  *Sudan Open University*. Bayan wannan, ya ci gaba da karatu a Makarantar Silti da ke Khartoum, inda ya sami difloma a fannin koyar da harshen Ingilishi.

## Ayyukansa a siyasa
Bishara ya fara samun matsayinsa na farko a siyasa lokacin da ya shiga cikin tattaunawar su na Kasar  da Shugaban Kasar al-Bashir ya kaddamar. Ya shiga cikin tsari a matsayin wakilin (*National Coalition for Change*), wata kungiya ce da ta hada jam'iyyun adawa da yawa, da ta hada har da nasa. Wannan yunkurin da yayi shi  ya sanya shi ya zama a kusa da jam'iyyar *National Congress Party* mai mulki, wanda daga baya suka zabe shi don shiga tawagar gwamnati yayi tattaunawa kai tsaye tare da SPLM-North. Daukan nasa ya zama babban alama, da ya nuna alakarsa da wata kungiya ta siyasa ta daban da tushensa a Tsunin Nuba, yankin da mafi yawan mazauna ba su goyon bayan SPLM. Bushara ya ci gaba da aiki sosai a cikin tawagar tattaunawar. Daga ƙarshe, an nada shi a matsayin Ministan Ma'aikatar albarkatun dabbobi.

A shekarar 2019, an nada shi a matsayin Ministan Cikin Gida a karkashin shugaban Sudan Omar al-Bashir. Har ila yau, a cikin gwamnatin da ta gabata a karkashin jagorancin Mutaz Musa, an nada shi a matsayin ministan bayanai.

## References
Zetti

**Armelino Doni**Zetti** Quagliato**, wanda aka fi sani da Zetti (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1965), masanin kwallon kafa ne na kasar Brazil, manajan kuma tsohon Mai tsaron gida. Ya kasance memba na tawagar kasar Brazil da ta lashe gasar cin Kofin Duniya na FIFA na shekarar 1994.

## Ayyukan wasa

### Kungiyar
Zetti ya buga wasa tare da São Paulo daga shekarar ta 1990 zuwa shekarar ta 1996. Wataƙila ɗaya daga cikin masu tsaron gida masu cin nasara a tarihin kulob din ya lashe gasar zakarun kasar Brazil 1, 2 Copas Libertadores da 2 Intercontinental Cups a wannan lokacin. Sauran kungiyoyin da aka buga sun hada da Guarani, Toledo, Londrina, Palmeiras, Santos, Fluminense da Sport.

### Kasashen Duniya
An kira shi zuwa tawagar kasar Brazil don gasar cin Kofin Duniya na FIFA na shekarar 1994. Ya buga wasanni 17 ga kasarsa a farkon shekarar ta 1990.

## Ayyukan gudanarwa
Zetti ya kasance manajan Esporte klub Juventude a rukuni na biyu na kasar Brazil. A ranar 7 ga watan Mayu, shekara ta 2009, an hayar shi a matsayin manajan Paraná Clube, ya maye gurbin kocin da ya gabata Velloso.

## Daraja

### Kungiyar

; São Paulo

* Gasar Brazil Series A: 1991
* Gasar Paulista: 1991, 1992
* Kofin Libertadores: 1992, 1993
* Supercopa Libertadores: 1993
* Gasar cin kofin Kudancin Amurka: 1993, 1994
* Kofin Intercontinental: 1992, 1993
* Kofin Jagora na CONMEBOL: 1996

; Santos

* Gasar Rio-São Paulo: 1997

### Kasashen Duniya

; Brazil

* Kofin Duniya na FIFA: 1994

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje
1959 Daytona 1000 Kilomita

**Daytona 100** ya kasance tseren mota na USAC wanda aka gudanar a Daytona International Speedway a Daytona Beach, Florida a ranar Asabar 4 ga Afrilu, 1959. Ita ce tseren mota na Indy na farko kuma kawai da aka gudanar a kan manyan bankunan Daytona, kuma ta ga saurin gudu mai ban mamaki da "roadsters" na gaba suka juya. "Tseren ya kasance wani ɓangare na karshen mako mai kai uku wanda ke nuna tseren ga motocin gasar cin kofin USAC, Formula Libre, da tseren tseren motsa jiki na USAC-FIA.

Jim Rathmann ne ya lashe gasar Champ Car da Formula Libre. Koyaya, ƙarshen mako ya lalace saboda mummunan mutuwar George Amick, wanda aka kashe a hadari a ƙarshen tseren Champ Car. Mutuwar Amick ta zo kasa da watanni biyu bayan an kashe Marshall Teague a gwajin wani Indy roadster da aka gyara sosai a kan hanya. Duk da hasashen taron sama da 30,000 masu kallo don karshen mako,  yawan masu halarta ya kasance abin takaici. Tare da kimantawa kamar 7,000 zuwa 10,000 a cikin halartar Asabar,  an kuma ga taron a matsayin wanda bai yi nasara ba kuma ya rasa kudi.  A cikin mummunan yanayi, an yi la'akari da saurin saurin makantarwa da haɗari ga hanya, kuma motocin Indy ba za su sake tsere a kan Daytona International Speedway oval ba. Motocin wasanni, duk da haka, za su dawo kuma Daytona Continental daga baya ya zama taron shekara-shekara, wanda yanzu aka sani da 24 Hours of Daytona.

Construction on the Daytona International Speedway broke ground on November 25, 1957. NASCAR founder Bill France Sr. constructed the facility as a replacement for the Daytona Beach Road Course. He envisioned the track as having the steepest banking possible to allow the cars to reach high speeds and to give spectators the best view of the cars on track. The inaugural Daytona 500 was scheduled for February 22, 1959, and the race was to become the most prestigious stock car race in the county. The track was intended to not only be a showcase for stock cars, but was designed to host Championship Cars, sports cars, motorcycles, and closed-course speed record runs.

Duk da mummunan hadarin Marshall Teague, jami'an USAC sun yanke shawarar cewa ba lallai ba ne a dakatar da tseren mota na Afrilu. An sake gudanar da gwajin a ranar Alhamis 12 ga Fabrairu. Motoci biyu suna kan hanya da ake shirya, amma babu wanda ya dauki kowanne zagaye a ranar Alhamis. Mai mallakar mota Art Lathrope yana da mai ba da izini mai suna Kuzma / Offenhauser tare da direba Jim Rathmann. Sauran motar motar motar Nisonger / Chevrolet ce mallakar Bill Sadler, tare da direba Bob Said. USAC ba ta ba da izinin Said ya tuka a ranar Alhamis ba, har sai an gudanar da bincike kan tsaro.
## Manazarta
1943: Yaƙin Midway

1943: The Battle of Midway[a] wasa ne na bidiyo na harbi na 1987 wanda Capcom ya haɓaka kuma ya buga shi don ɗakunan wasan kwaikwayo. Shi ne na farko da ya biyo baya ga Capcom a farkon *[[1942 (video game)|1942]]*. Kamar *1942*, mai kunnawa yana sarrafa Amurkawa da ke kai hari kan rundunar jiragen saman Japan; wannan ya kasance saboda kasancewa daya daga cikin wasannin Capcom na farko da aka tsara tare da kasuwannin Yamma a zuciya. Sunan wasan yana nuni ne ga Yaƙin Midway, wanda ya faru a watan Yunin 1942.des.42.

## Wasanni

An shirya wasan ne a cikin Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Pacific na Yaƙin Duniya na II, a bakin tekun Midway Atoll tare da Sojojin Imperial na Japan a matsayin babban rukuni na masu adawa. Mai kunnawa yana ɗaukar matsayin matukin jirgi na Amurka wanda ba a san sunansa ba wanda ke neman fansa don kayar da sojojin sojan ruwa na Japan waɗanda suka kai hari kan Jirgin sama Amurka, suka hallaka duk sojojin iska da na teku na Japan, suka tashi ta Matakai 16 na wasa, kuma a ƙarshe suka hallaka Jirgin yaki na , shugaban wasan na karshe. 11 daga cikin wadannan matakai sun kunshi yakin iska zuwa teku tare da jirgin yaki ko mai ɗaukar jirgin sama a matsayin shugaban mataki, yayin da matakai 5 sun kunshi yaƙin iska, ko dai a kan ƙungiyar masu fashewar bama-bamai masu yawa ko mai fashewa mai nauyi, wannan na ƙarshe yana buƙatar mai kunnawa ya harbe injunansa don lalata shi.

### NES
An sake shi daidai shekara guda bayan fasalin gidan caca, sigar NES ta *1943* ta gabatar da ikon inganta jirgin mai kunnawa ta hanyar inganta wasu fannoni na iyawarsa har abada. Wadannan sun hada da ikon kai farmaki da karewa na jirgin, matsakaicin matakin man fetur, da makamansa na musamman da tsawon su. Wannan ya ɗan canza ma'aunin wasan kuma ana buƙatar wata dabara daban don tsira daga wasan. Misali, da farko ana samun makamai kaɗan; ana iya samun ƙarin daga ƙarfin ƙarfi ta hanyar sanya maki na ƙididdiga a cikin "ikon makamai na musamman".

## Manazarta
Zenon (mai wasan ƙwallon ƙafa)

**Zenon na Souza Farias** (an haife shi a ranar 31 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 1954) tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na kasar Brazil wanda ya buga wa kungiyoyi kamar Avaí, Guarani, Corinthians, Atletico Mineiro da Portuguese .  An haife shi a garin Tubarão, Santa Catarina .

Ya kasance ƙwararren Dan wasan tsakiya na tsakiya tare da babban hangen nesa game da filin, kyakkyawan wucewa mai tsawo kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun masu ɗaukar kyauta a kasar Brazil a cikin shekarar ta  1980. Ya zama kyaftin din kasar Brazil lokacin da suka rasa 2-0 a gida ga Ingila a shekarar ta 1984. 

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje

* Profile at cbf.com.bra cikinWayback Machine  (an adana shi 2010-04-12) 
*
Zé Sérgio

**José Sérgio Presti** (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 1957, a São Paulo), wanda aka fi sani da ***Zé Sérgio***, tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa ne wanda ya taka leda a matsayin dan wasan gaba.

Ya buga wa kungiyoyin São Paulo (1977-1984), Santos (1984-1986), Vasco da Gama (1986-1987)  kuma ya ƙare aikinsa a kasar Japan J-League tare da Kashiwa Reysol a shekara ta (1989-1991 kuma ya jagoranci a shekarar ta 1995).

Ya lashe gasar zakarun kasar Brazil guda daya (1977), biyu na São Paulo State League (1980 da 1981), ya kuma lashe gasar zamarwa ta Paulista shekara ta 1984 (Santos FC), daya na Rio de Janeiro State League a shekarar (1987) Ga tawagar kwallon kafa ta kasa da kasa ta kasar Brazil ya lashe wasanni 25 tsakanin Mayu shekara ta 1978 da watan Mayu shekara ta 1981, ya zira kwallaye biyar kuma ya kasance a cikin jerin sunayen su na gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta shekarar ta 1978.

## Kididdigar gudanarwa

## Daraja

; São Paulo

* Gasar Brazil Series A: 1977
* Gasar Paulista: 1980, 1981

; Santos

* Gasar Paulista: 1984

; Vasco da Gama

* Gasar Carioca: 1987

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Talabijin a Sudan

**Talabijin a [[Sudan]]** yana da ƙarancin shiga kusan kashi 17%, kamar yadda gidaje da yawa ba za su iya biyan kuɗin farantin tauraron dan adam ba, kuma talabijin na ƙasa shine babban dandamali. Babu tashoshin talabijin na ƙasa masu zaman kansu, kuma gwamnati tana aiki da Kamfanin Rediyo da Talabijin na Sudan.

## Tarihi da yanzu
Sudan a hukumance ta fara watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin a shekarar 1963. A farkon shekarun, ya yadu a wurare kadan ne a Khartoum.

Sudan nada  tashoshin ƙasa 18, daya daga cikinsu, Blue Nile TV, ba mallakar gwamnati ba ce. Sudan TV ita ce babbar tashar kasar. Akwai tashoshin kai tsaye zuwa gida guda takwas da ke da hedikwatarsu a Sudan, daga cikinsu biyar mallakar masu zaman kansu ne, biyu mallakar gwamnati ne sanan daya na haɗin gwuiwane. Shigar da talabijin na kudi ba ta da mahimmanci a cikin ƙasar.

### Yin katsalandan
Tashoshin talabijin na Sudan suna ƙuntata ta hanyar tantancewar soja don tabbatar da cewa labarai ba su saba wa ra'ayoyin hukuma da dabi'un al'adu ba. Satellite dishes sun zama ruwan dare a yankunan masu wadata kuma tashoshin talabijin na pan-Arab sun shahara. Bayan  ayyukan talabijin na cikin gida da na tauraron dan adam, akwai cibiyar sadarwar kebul ta biyan kuɗi, wanda kai tsaye ke sake watsa labarai na kasashen waje da sauran shirye-shirye ba tare da tantancewa ba.

Gwamnati ta rufe ofishin Al-Jazeera a ƙarshen shekarar 2003 kuma ta kama shugaban ofishin saboda zargin shirye-shiryen karya da kuma rashin bincike game da zalunci a Darfur. Shugaban ofishin ya tafi kurkuku, amma tashar Al-Jazeera daga baya sun sake buɗe ofishin.
Takaddun gidan waya da tarihin gidan waya na Oltre Giuba

**Oltre Giuba** shine tsohon sunan Jubaland, a kudu maso yammacin Somalia, a nesa da gefen Kogin Juba (don haka "Trans"-Juba), yana iyakar Kenya.

An kafa Trans-Juba ta Italiya a shekarar 1924, bayan Burtaniya ta ba da arewacin yankin Jubaland ga Italiya a matsayin lada ga mutanen Italiya da suka shiga Allies a Yaƙin Duniya na I&nbsp;.

## Bayanai na gaba ɗaya
Italiya ta ba da hatimi na farko don Jubaland a ranar 29 ga Yuli, a shekarar 1925, wanda ya ƙunshi hatimi na mutanen Italiya na zamani da aka buga *Oltre Giuba* (Trans-Juba). 

An bi irin wannan tsari don batutuwan tunawa na Italiyanci na lokacin - batun *Victor Emmanuel*, batun *St. Francis*. A ranar 21 ga Afrilu, 1926, Italiya ta ba da saitin hatimai bakwai da aka buga na musamman don mulkin mallaka, wanda ke nuna taswirar yankin kuma an rubuta shi *Commissariato Gen[era]le dell'<nowiki/>*Oltre Giuba**, sannan a ranar 1 ga watan Yuni "Matsayin Cibiyar mulkin mallaka" ya haɗa da saiti da aka rubuta Oltre Giuba . &nbsp;

Sai dai kawai wasu daga cikin dabi'u mafi girma suna da fiye da mafi ƙarancin farashi ga masu tarawa, kodayake kamar yadda aka saba ga yankuna masu nisa na ɗan gajeren rayuwa, ana ganin ainihin amfani a fili ba a kallo ba.

Oltre Giuba an hadata da makwabciyar ta Italiya, Somaliland a ranar 30 ga watan Yuni 1926. Ƙasar tana da jimlar yanki  87,000 km2 (33,000 sq mi), kuma a cikin shekarar 1926, yawan jama'a 120,000.

Italiyan Jubaland ya ba da hatimi na gaggawa , hatimi na gidan waya, hatimi na fakiti, da hatimiyar canja wurin gidan waya . An bayar da jimlar hatimi 12, hatimi 10 na gidan waya, hatimi 13 na fakiti, da hatimi 6 na canja wurin gidan waya daga  shekarar 1925 zuwa 1926.

## Haryanzu duba

* Takaddun gidan waya da tarihin gidan waya na Somalia
## Manazarta
Kungiyar Sadarwar Somaliya

Somali Telecom Group; (STG) kamfani ne na sadarwa wanda ke zaune a kasar Somalia . Abdirazak ne ya kafa shi a shekarar 1993 a Rockville, Maryland, a kasar Amurka. Osman, Edmund L. Resor, Abdiaziz Ismail Dualeh da Luis F. George . Dangane da shafin yanar gizon kamfanin, shi ne "mai ba da sabis na sadarwa na farko" na Somalia. STG tana kula da ofisoshi a cikin biranen Somaliya 10; a  yanzu haka manyan ofisoshin ta suna cikin Dubai.

## Tarihi
Bayan an kafa shi a shekarar 1993, STG sun gina sabis na sadarwa kamar haka:

* 1994: Bosasso - (North East Telecom Corporation - Netco) 
* 1994: Hargeisa
* 1997: Galcaio (STG Galcom) 
* 1998: Mogadishu - (STG NationLink) 
* 1999: Burao - (STG Burao) 
* 2000: Garowe - (STG Puntel) 

Kungiyar Telecom ta Somali ta ci gaba da fadada kuma tun daga shekara ta 2007, ana samun sabis a cikin yankuna kamar haka:

* Ba'adweyn
* Berbera
* Bosaso Netco
* Burao
* Burtinle
* Erigabo
* Galciao Galcom
* Garowe Puntel
* Goldogob Goltel
* Hargeisa STC Hargeisa

## Ayyukan ta
Ayyukan STG sun haɗa da:

* Telephony
* Fax
* Wayar hannu
* Katin waya
* Tsakanin gida da na kasashen Duniya
* Intanet mai saurin gudu

## Dubi kuma

* Ƙarshen bayani
* Golis Telecom Somalia
* Hormuud Telecom
* Telcom
* Netco (Somalia) 
* NationLink Telecom
* Somafone

## Haɗin waje
* Tsohon sunan yankin
Sudan News Agency

**Kamfanin dillancin labarain [[Sudan]]**, wanda aka fi sani da SUNA, shine kamfanin dillancin labaran Sudan. Yana Samar da labarai ga wasu kungiyoyi da  Turanci, Faransanci da kuma Larabci.

## Tarihi da bayanan martaba
An kafa Kamfanin Dillancin Labaran Sudan a shekarar 1970.  An kaddamar da shi a hukumance a ranar tunawa da juyin juya halin a watan Mayu a shekarar 1971.  Abdul Karim Mehdi shine darektan farko na SUNA . Sai  Mustafa Amin ya zama darektan hukumar. Amin ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan har zuwa shekara ta 1985.

## Duba har yanzu

* Tarayyar Kamfanonin Labaran Larabawa (FANA)
BNK48

**BNK48** wata ƙungiya ce ta mata ta Thai daga Bangkok, wacce aka kafa a cikin 2017, wacce aka ƙirƙira ta ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa ta Japan AKB48.
Zé Maria (ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa)

**José Maria de Carvalho Sales** (an haife shi a ranar 3 watan Disamba shekarar ta 1931 - 21 watan Maris shekarar ta 2021), wanda aka fi sani da **Zé Maria**, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Brazil wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya .  Ya buga wasanni uku a tawagar kasar Brazil a shekarar 1959.  Ya kuma kasance daga cikin tawagar kasar Brazil don Gasar Kudancin Amurka ta shekarar ta 1959 da ta faru a kasar Ecuador. Zé Maria ta mutu a ranar 21 ga watan Maris shekara ta 2021, tana da shekaru 89. 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Marcello Palmisano

**Marcello Palmisano** (San Michele Salentino, 17 ga Janairun 1940 - Mogadishu, 9 ga Fabrairu, 1995) ɗan jaridar kasar Italiya ne kuma mai ba da rahoto.

Bayan gama makarantar sakandare, Palmisano ya yi hijira zuwa Switzerland, inda ya sami aiki a matsayi a matsayin ma'aikaci. Daga Switzerland ya koma Cologne, a kasar Jamus, inda ya kammala karatu a matsayin mai daukar hoto.

Daga nan sai ya zabi wannan sabon aiki na mai watsa shirye-shiryen jama'a na Switzerland. Komawa Italiya a shekara ta 1972, ya fara aiki ma RAI, mai watsa shirye-shiryen jama'a na Italiya, yana samun ayyuka daban-daban a cikin yanayin yaƙi kamar Kambodiya, Vietnam, Afghanistan, Libya da Somaliya.

Ya mutu a Mogadishu  Fabrairu 9, a shekarar 1995, 'yan bindiga na Somaliya suka kashe shi yayin da yake daukan fim game da janyewar Sojojin Amurka.  Anyi kuskuren shi da wani, yayin da yake bayar da rahoto tare da abokin aiki, Carmen Lasorella wanda ya tsira, yayin  janyewar sojojin Amurka. An kama shi a lokacin "banana war" na ƙasar  don kula da masana'antar banana, wanda ya haifar da rikice-rikice tsakanin shugabannin yaƙi masu adawa. 

## Manazarta
Byng Inlet (Ontario)

Byng Inlet wani jikin ruwa ne a gabashin gabar tekun Georgian, tsakanin Parry Sound da bakin kogin Faransa.  Yana da fadin kogin Magnetawa, kusa da bakinsa[1].  Sunan kogin "Magnetawan", ma'ana "dogon bude tashar" a cikin harshen Ojibwe, yana nufin wannan sashin kogin.

## Tarihi

### Sunan Inlet
An sanya sunan Byng Inlet ne don girmama tsohon jami'in sojan ruwa na Burtaniya John Byng . Kyaftin Henry Wolsey Bayfield ne ya ba shi suna, wanda ya tsara bakin tekun Huron da Superior na Kanada, wanda ya kasance yana da hannu tare da Admiral William Fitzwilliam Owen, yayin da yake binciken ƙananan Great Lakes Erie da Ontario. Don binciken wannan yankin, Bayfield ya kafa hedkwatarsa a Cibiyar Sojan Ruwa a Penetanguishene a cikin 1819. A cikin 1825, Bayfield ya koma Ingila don shirya sigogi don mai zane.

### Rushewar Arewacin Belle''Kyakkyawan Arewa''
Jirgin ruwa na Northern Belle ba zato ba tsammani ya shiga cikin wuta mai banƙyama a Byng Inlet, a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba, 1898.  Rushewar sanannen wuri ne na masu nutsewa.

## Dubi kuma

* Byng Inlet, Ontario, ƙauyen da ke gefen kudu
* Britt, Ontario, a bakin tekun arewa.
Cibiyar watsa labarai ta Arlaadi

Arlaadi Media Network (AMN) masana'anta ce mai zaman kanta a kasar Somalia. An ƙaddamar da shi a shikenar 2021, AMN shine cibiyar sadarwa ta farko a Somaliya data watsa shirye-shirye a Maay, ɗaya daya fara cikin sanannun yarukan Somaliya guda biyu. Cibiyar sadarwa tana aiki da tashar rediyo ta FM, tashar talabijin, da kuma wani bangare na bincike da aka sani da Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Arlaadi . 

## Tarihi
An kafa AMN a watan Oktoba na shekarar 2021 kuma tana da hedkwata a Mogadishu, Somalia . Ilyas Ali Hassan ne ya kafa ta, an kirkiri AMN don samar da kafofin watsa labarai da kuma ilimi ga mutanen da ke magana da harshen Maay na Somalia. Manufar AMN shine niyyar inganta hadin kai, bambancin harsuna, da adana al'adu. 

Cibiyar sadarwar tana isar da sakon ta hanyar talabijin, rediyo na FM, da dandamali na dijital. Shirye-shiryenta sun haɗa da labarai, siyasa, ilimi, nishaɗi, da abubuwan al'adu. Manyan jami'an Somaliya ne suka halarci gabatarwar ta a hukumance, ciki har da tsohon Firayim Minista Hassan Ali Khaire . 

## Rikici na manema labarai
A watan Yulin 2022, tashoshin AMN sun ba da rahoton  sake kiran taron yanki, ya jawo martani daga manyan jami'ai da kuma kira ga matakin shari'a. Kungiyar 'yancin' yan jarida ta Somali Mechanism for Safety of Journalists (SMSJ) ta yi Allah wadai da cin zarafin, inda ta lura da cewa barazanar da ta gabata ta riga ta tilasta wa' yan jaridar AMN biyu a Baidoa su daina aiki.

A watan Satumbar shekarar 2023, AMN ta fuskanci sabon matsin lamba bayan ta gabatar da rahoto game da zargin cin hanci da rashawa a Wajid. Babban Lauyan ya yi wa darektan tambayoyi. Kungiyar 'yan jarida ta Somaliya ta yi Allah wadai da matakin a matsayin ƙoƙari na rufe bakin ga manema labarai.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Grace Boadu

**Grace Boadu Kumanin** (ya rasu a ranar 29 ga Janairu, 2024) wata kwararriyar likitancin ganyayyaki ce 'yar Ghana, wacce ta kafa kuma Shugaba na asibitin Grace Gift Herbal Hospital and Laboratory Services. Ta kasance memba na Tarayyar diflomasiyya ta Duniya da kuma Jakadan Herbal Health Evangelion .  

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Boadu ya fito ne daga Ejisu Abankro a Yankin Ashanti na Ghana . Ta halarci Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah inda ta yi karatun jinya.  Ta kuma halarci Kwalejin Nursing ta St. Gilbert a Kumasi a yankin Ashanti na Ghana. A cikin 2019, ta sami lambar yabo ta digiri daga Jami'ar City a Kambodiya . 

## Ayyuka
Boadu ta fara aikinta a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya kafin ta zama likitan magani. Ta yi aiki a asibitin asibitin da ke Kumasi; Asibitin Mary Lucy da ke Accra; Kropo Charity Hospital, da Ebenezer Maternity Home in Kumasi.

## Taimako
A cikin Nuwamba 2023, ta ba da gudummawar GHC10,000 don gyara asibitin koyarwa na Komfo Anokye.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Boadu yana da kawun da ake kira Akwasi Addae .  Ba ta yi aure ba kuma ba ta da yara. Tana kuma da ɗan'uwa mai suna Emmanuel Boadu .

### Mutuwa da binnewa
Boadu ta mutu a ranar 29 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2024 bayan an yi zargin cewa ta shiga cikin gidan wanka kuma ta bugi kanta a ƙasa. Ta mutu a gidanta a Tantra Hills a Accra . An binne ta a ranar 9 ga Maris 2024 a Ejisu Abankro a yankin Ashanti na Ghana.

## Kyaututtuka da girmamawa
A cikin Maris 2023, an karrama asibitinta da 'Mafi kyawun Cibiyar Ganye na Shekara' yayin bikin 6th na Gargajiya da Madadin Likitanci na Yammacin Afirka wanda aka gudanar a Accra. 

A cikin Disamba 2023, Keche ta karrama Boadu bayan wani memba na ƙungiyar mawaƙa ya sami jinya daga wurinta.

## Manazarta
Makarantar Sakandare ta Byng

Makarantar sakandare ta Byng babbar makarantar sakandare ce ta jama'a a Byng, Oklahoma, Amurka.  Yana hidimar maki 10-12 don Makarantun Jama'a na Byng.  A cikin Afrilu 2024, an ƙaddamar da yarjejeniyar makaranta tare da amincewar masu jefa ƙuri'a na 75.54%.  Yarjejeniyar, wacce ta kai dalar Amurka miliyan 29, don sabon dakin lafiya, daki da nauyi, ingantattun azuzuwan aikin noma, sabon gidan wasan motsa jiki (wanda aka shirya ya hada da makullai, rangwame, da dakunan wanka), gyaran waƙa, da sabbin kotunan wasan tennis.

Wani jinginar $ 550,000 don sabbin bas din makaranta kuma ya wuce tare da irin wannan amincewar masu jefa kuri'a.

## Malamai
Wannan makarantar tana ba da karatun yaren Chickasaw na shekaru biyu.

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje

* 
* Makarantun Jama'a na Byng
Rashin amincewa

Apophallation shine cinyewar azzakari, wanda aka sani yana faruwa a cikin slugs na ƙasa, wanda shine hermaphroditic gastropod mollusks. An bayar da rahoton a wasu nau'ikan ayaba, *Ariolimax,* da kuma *Deroceras laeve* masu alaƙa da nesa.

A cikin haɗuwa da ƙwayoyin ayaba, ana saka azzakari a cikin jikin abokin tarayya. Jinin na iya zama makale, watakila saboda aikin tsoka ta musamman, [bayyanawa da ake buƙata] a wannan yanayin azzakari yana cinyewa ta ko dai abokin tarayya ko mai shi. Slag na apophallated na iya ci gaba da yin jima'i a matsayin mace. An ba da shawarar cewa yana iya zama mai daidaitawa ga slug don apophallate abokin tarayya saboda an hana wannan abokin tarayya daga yin jima'i a matsayin namiji don haka zai iya ƙara rarraba albarkatu don samar da ƙwai da aka shayar daga jima'i. 

Wata takarda ta ba da rahoton cewa mutane na *[[Deroceras laeve]]* wani lokacin suna cinye azzakansu bayan sun yi jima'i, wanda abokin tarayya ya ci. A cikin wannan nau'in, ana canza maniyyi daga azzakari zuwa azzakari, don haka wanda aka yanke ba zai iya yin jima'i da nasara ba har ma a matsayin mace. er. In .

## Manazarta
Bujyacyera

Bujyacyera Jean Paul wanda kuma aka fi sani da Gutermann Guter (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Disamba, 1989 a Gatsibo) ɗan gwagwarmayar Ruwanda ne, ɗan jarida.  kuma wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar da ake kira **Nufashwa Yafasha** .

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Bujyacyera Jean Paul a Ngarama, gundumar Gatsibo a gabashin Ruwanda a ranar 27 ga Disamba, 1989. 

Ya sami digiri na farko a fannin aikin jarida a Jami'ar Rwanda a farkon shekara ta 2015. 

## Taimako
Bujyacyera Jean Paul ya ƙaddamar da Ƙungiyar Nufashwa Yafasha,  wata kungiya mai zaman kanta wacce ke ba da ilimi, kiwon lafiya ga yara da iyalai masu bukata.  An kafa kungiyar ne a shekarar 2014 kuma tun daga lokacin ta taimaka wa mutane sama da 5000.
Apollo 5

**Apollo 5** (an kaddamar da shi a ranar 22 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1968), wanda aka fi sani da **AS-204**, shi ne jirgin farko na Apollo Lunar Module (LM) wanda daga baya zai kai 'Yan saman jannati zuwa farfajiyar wata. Rocket din Saturn IB dauke da LM ya tashi daga Cape Kennedy a ranar 22 ga Janairu, 1968. Manufar ta yi nasara, kodayake saboda matsalolin shirye-shirye an aiwatar da wani manufa na daban ga wanda aka shirya da farko.&nbsp;&nbsp;ry&nbsp;

Kamar Apollo 4, wannan jirgin ya daɗe yana jinkirta, saboda wani bangare na koma baya a ci gaban LM, wanda Grumman Aircraft ya ƙera. An cire rokar Saturn IB ta asali wacce za ta dauki LM na farko (LM-1) zuwa sararin samaniya a lokacin jinkiri kuma an maye gurbin ta da wanda zai kaddamar da Apollo 1 idan gobarar jirgin sama da ta kashe 'yan saman jannati uku ba ta faru ba. LM-1 ya isa Cibiyar Kennedy Space a watan Yunin 1967; watanni masu zuwa sun shagala a gwaji da sanya LM a saman Saturn IB. Bayan jinkirin ƙarshe saboda matsalar kayan aiki, an fara ƙididdigar a ranar 21 ga Janairu, 1968, kuma an kaddamar da motar sararin samaniya washegari.&nbsp;

Da zarar jirgin ya kai orbit kuma LM ya rabu da S-IVB booster, shirin gwajin orbital ya fara, amma an zubar da ƙonewar da aka shirya ta atomatik lokacin da Kwamfutar Apollo Guidance ta gano jirgin ba ya tafiya da sauri kamar yadda aka tsara. Daraktan Jirgin Gene Kranz da tawagarsa a Mission Control a Houston da sauri sun yanke shawarar wani manufa ta daban, a lokacin da aka cimma burin gwajin LM-1. Manufar ta yi NASA sosai har aka soke wani aikin na biyu da ba a yi la'akari da shi ba don gwada LM, yana ci gaba da shirye-shiryen NASA na sauka da ɗan saman jannati a kan wata a ƙarshen shekarun 1960.

## Tarihi
In 1961, United States President John F. Kennedy challenged the United States to land an astronaut on the Moon by the end of the decade, with a safe return to Earth. After considerable debate, NASA (the US government's spaceflight agency) decided in late 1962 that lunar missions would use a lunar orbit rendezvous in which the complete Apollo spacecraft would be propelled towards lunar orbit by the Saturn V launch vehicle's third stage (called the S-IVB). Once in lunar orbit, those astronauts who would land on the Moon would enter what was then called the lunar excursion module (LEM) (later called the lunar module (LM)). This craft would separate from the Apollo's command and service module (CSM) and land on the Moon. When the astronauts were ready to return, they would enter the LM, take off, and re-dock with the CSM. Once the crew reentered the CSM, they would discard the lunar module and return to Earth in the CSM. In 1962, NASA invited eleven companies to bid for the contract to construct the LM. On November&nbsp;7, 1962, NASA announced that it had awarded the contract to Grumman in Bethpage, New York.

## Manazarta
AP Tarihin Duniya: zamani

Advanced Placement (**AP**) Tarihin Duniya: Modern (wanda aka fi sani da **Tarihin Duniya na AP**, AP World, **APWH**, ko **HAM**) darasi ne na matakin kwaleji da jarrabawa da aka bayar ga ɗaliban makarantar sakandare a Amurka ta hanyar shirin Advanced Placement na Kwalejin. AP World History: An tsara zamani don taimakawa ɗalibai su haɓaka kyakkyawar fahimta game da juyin halitta na matakai da lambobin sadarwa **AP Duniya** da kuma hulɗa tsakanin al'ummomin ɗan adam daban-daban. Shirin yana inganta fahimta ta hanyar haɗuwa da ilimin gaskiya da ƙwarewar nazari mai dacewa. Yawancin jihohi suna buƙatar aji na tarihin duniya don kammala karatu.

## Hanyar da ake ciki
Dalibai a baya sun yi nazarin duk tarihin da tarihi, suna nazarin kayan daga 8000 BC zuwa yau. A watan Yunin 2015, an canza jarrabawar zuwa AP World History: Modern .  Sabon jarrabawar kawai ya haɗa da kayan daga 1200 AZ zuwa gaba. Dalibai sun fara ɗaukar sabon hanya a cikin shekara ta makaranta ta 2019-20. Kwamitin Kwalejin ya ba da sanarwar ci gaban Tarihin Duniya na AP: Tsohon, wanda ke mai da hankali ne kawai kan lokutan da suka gabata, gami da prehistory. Dalibai a Amurka yawanci suna ɗaukar darasi a cikin shekara ta biyu ta makarantar sakandare, kodayake ba a buƙatar su yi haka ba, kamar yadda wasu ke ɗaukar shi a cikin babba shekara da sabon shekara.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Sashe na farko na jarrabawar Tarihin Duniya ta AP ya ƙunshi tambayoyin zaɓin zaɓin da yawa 55 tare da iyakar lokacin minti 55. Tambayoyi a cikin sashin zaɓin da yawa ba a rarraba su ba daidai ba tsakanin raka'a tara.  

## Manazarta
AP Tarihin Amurka

**Advanced Placement (AP) Tarihin Amurka (wanda aka fi sani da AP US History, APUSH (/ˈeɪpʊʃ/), ko AP US) darasi ne na matakin kwaleji da jarrabawa da Hukumar Kwalejin ta bayar a matsayin wani ɓangare na Shirin Ci gaba.**

## Hanyar da ake ciki
An tsara darasi na Tarihin Amurka na AP don samar da matakin abun ciki da umarni iri ɗaya da ɗalibai za su fuskanta a cikin aji na binciken kwaleji na farko. Gabaɗaya yana amfani da littafin koyarwa na matakin kwaleji a matsayin tushe don darasi kuma yana rufe lokutan tara na tarihin Amurka, daga zamanin pre-Columbian zuwa yau. Kashi yana nuna nauyin jarrabawar kowane yanki na abun ciki:

### Tattaunawar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya
Masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na Amurka sun soki tsarin karatun don rage girman kai na Amurka da kuma kasa inganta kishin kasa. A cikin shekara ta 2015, kwamitin Oklahoma House kan Ilimi na Jama'a ya zartar da lissafin don maye gurbin tsarin karatun, amma daga baya ya janye. An sake fasalin tsarin karatun a cikin 2015 don mayar da martani ga zargi. A cikin shekara ta 2014, an gudanar da zanga-zangar dalibai a Colorado game da tsare-tsaren kwamitin gundumar Makarantun Jama'a na Jefferson County don sake duba tsarin karatun Tarihin Amurka na AP don jaddada zama ɗan ƙasa, kishin ƙasa, da girmamawa ga iko.

## Manazarta
Antonomasia

A jiki maganganu, **antonomasia** wani nau'i ne na metonymy wanda wani epithet ko magana ya ɗauki wurin sunan da ya dace, kamar "ƙaramin corporal" ga Napoleon I, ko kuma amfani da sunan da ya kamata a matsayin sunan archetypal, don bayyana ra'ayi na gaba ɗaya. Misali mai yawa na antonomasia a cikin Late Middle Ages da farkon Renaissance shine amfani da kalmar "The Philosopher" don komawa ga Aristotle.

A cikin salon, ana iya amfani da irin waɗannan kalmomin don bambancin da ya dace don rage maimaita sunaye a cikin jimloli. Kalmar ta fito ne daga Girkanci , *antonomasia*, kanta daga aikatau , *Antonomazein* 'don yin suna daban'.  

Antonomasia kuma na iya nufin sauya sunan da ya dace zuwa sunan gama gari, yana ɗauke da wasu halaye masu ma'ana. Misali, tsara wani a matsayin apollo maimakon ya ce shi saurayi ne mai kyau.

## Sunayen da aka saba amfani da su
Sabanin antonomasia shine sunan da ya dace. Misali daya na yau da kullun a Faransanci shine kalmar fox: Latin-derived Faransanci:  an maye gurbinsa da Faransanci - renard, daga Renart, jarumin fox na Roman na Renart (asalin Jamusanci Reinhard).French-language_ 

## Manazarta
Apollo 11

**Apollo 11** wani Jirgin sararin samaniya ne da aka gudanar daga Yuli 16 zuwa 24, 1969, ta Amurka kuma NASA ta kaddamar. Ya kasance karo na farko da mutane suka sauka a Wata. Kwamandan Neil Armstrong da matukin jirgi na Lunar Module Buzz Aldrin sun sauka da Lunar Module  a ranar 20 ga Yuli, 1969, a 20:17 UTC, kuma Armstrong ya zama mutum na farko da ya hau kan farfajiyar wata sa'o'i shida da minti 39 daga baya, a ranar 21 ga Yuli a 02:56:15 UTC. Aldrin ya haɗu da shi minti 19 bayan haka, kuma sun kwashe kimanin sa'o'i biyu da kwata tare suna bincika shafin da suka kira Tranquility Base a lokacin da suka sauka. Armstrong da Aldrin sun tattara fam 47.5 (21.5  na kayan wata don dawowa Duniya yayin da matukin jirgi Michael Collins ya tashi da Command Module *Columbia* a cikin duniyar wata, kuma sun kasance a saman wata na awanni 21, minti 36, kafin ya tashi don komawa Columbia.

An kaddamar da Apollo 11 ta hanyar rokar Saturn V daga Cibiyar Kennedy Space a Tsibirin Merritt, Florida, a ranar 16 ga Yuli a 13:32 UTC. Wannan shi ne karo na biyar na aikin Apollo na NASA. Jirgin sararin samaniya na Apollo yana da sassa uku: tsarin umarni (CM) tare da ɗaki don 'yan saman jannati uku, ɓangaren da ya koma Duniya; tsarin sabis (SM), wanda ke tallafawa tsarin umarni tare da motsi, wutar lantarki, iskar oxygen, da ruwa; da kuma Tsarin wata (LM) wanda ke da matakai biyu - matakin saukowa don sauka a kan Wata da kuma matakin hawa don sanya' yan saman jannati a cikin duniyar wata.

Mataki na farko na Armstrong a kan farfajiyar wata an watsa shi a talabijin kai tsaye ga masu sauraro na duniya. Ya bayyana taron a matsayin "wani karamin mataki ga mutum, wani babban tsalle ga bil'adama. "  Apollo 11 ya tabbatar da nasarar Amurka a cikin Space Race don nuna fifiko na sararin samaniya, ta hanyar cika burin kasa da Shugaba John F. Kennedy ya gabatar a 1961, "kafin wannan shekaru goma ya fita, na sauko da mutum a kan Wata kuma dawo da shi lafiya zuwa Duniya. "

## Manazarta
Tarihin Fasaha na AP

**Advanced Placement (AP) Art History (wanda aka fi sani da APAH) darasi ne na [[Art History|Tarihin fasaha]] na Advanced Placement da jarrabawar da Hukumar Kwalejin ta bayar a Amurka.**

An tsara Tarihin Fasaha na AP don ba da damar ɗalibai su bincika manyan siffofin nuna fasaha da suka dace da al'adu daban-daban a cikin lokuta daban-daban daga yanzu zuwa baya. Dalibai suna samun damar bincika ayyukan fasaha da mahimmanci, tare da basira da hankali, da kuma bayyana tunaninsu da abubuwan da suka faru. Abubuwan da ke cikin darasi sun haɗa da prehistoric, Bahar Rum, Turai, Amurka, 'Yan asalin Amurka, Afirka, Asiya, Pacific, da fasaha da gine-gine na zamani.

## Hanyar da ake ciki
An tsara darasi don koyar da ƙwarewar tarihi na fasaha masu zuwa:

* Binciken Bayani
* Binciken Yanayi
* Kwatanta Ayyuka na Fasaha
* Hadisai na fasaha
* Binciken Bayani na Ayyukan da ba a sani ba
* Bayar da Ayyukan da ba a sani ba
* Fassarar Tarihi
* Tattaunawa

## Manazarta
Hanyar Antikythera

Tsarin Antikythera (/ˌæntɪkɪˈθɪərə/ AN-tik-ih-THEER-ə, US kuma /ˌæntaɪkɪ=-/ AN-ty-kih-)  [1] tsohuwar kayan aiki ce ta Girka mai amfani da hannu (model of the Solar System). Ita ce mafi tsufa da aka sani misali na Kwamfuta mai kama da analog. Ana iya amfani da shi don hango hasashen matsayi na astronomical da eclipses shekaru da yawa a gaba. Hakanan ana iya amfani dashi don bin diddigin shekaru huɗu na wasannin motsa jiki masu kama da wasan Olympics, sake zagayowar wasannin Olympics na dā.ly

## Tarihi

Kyaftin Dimitrios Kontos () da ƙungiyar masu nutsewa daga tsibirin Symi sun gano fashewar Antikythera a farkon 1900, kuma sun dawo da kayan tarihi a lokacin balaguro na farko tare da Hellenic Royal Navy, a cikin 1900-01.  An gano wannan fashewar jirgin ruwa na Romawa a zurfin mita 45 (148  daga Point Glyphadia a tsibirin Antikythera na Girka. Kungiyar ta dawo da manyan abubuwa da yawa, gami da siffofin tagulla da marmara, tukwane, kayan gilashi na musamman, kayan ado, tsabar kudi, da kuma na'urar. An dawo da na'urar daga fashewar a cikin 1901, mai yiwuwa Yuli. Ba a san yadda tsarin ya kasance a cikin jirgin ruwa ba.

YyDukkanin abubuwan da aka samo daga tarkace an tura su zuwa Gidan Tarihi na Archaeology na Kasa a Athens don adanawa da bincike. Tsarin ya zama tarin tagulla da itace. Ginin tagulla ya juya ya zama atacamite wanda ya fashe kuma ya ragu lokacin da aka kawo shi daga fashewar jirgin, yana canza girman ɓangarorin. Ba a lura da shi ba har tsawon shekaru biyu, yayin da ma'aikatan gidan kayan gargajiya suka yi aiki a kan hada dukiya da ta fi bayyane, kamar siffofi. Bayan cirewa daga ruwan teku, ba a kula da tsarin ba, wanda ya haifar da canje-canje.

## Manazarta
Rashin karantawa

Antid leeringarianism (/ˌæntidɪsɪˌstæblɪʃmənˈtɛəriənɪzəm/ i, US kuma /ˌæntaɪ-/ i) matsayi ne wanda ke ba da shawarar cewa cocin jihar ("cocin da aka kafa") ya kamata ya ci gaba da karɓar tallafin gwamnati, maimakon a rushe shi (watau, a raba shi da jihar).

A cikin karni na 19 na Burtaniya, taci gaba a matsayin ƙungiya ta siyasa don adawa da disestablishmentarianism, ƙoƙarin Jam'iyyar Liberal na rushewa ko cire Ikilisiyar Ingila a matsayin cocin jihar Ingila, Ireland, da Wales. An ci gaba da matsayin Cocin a Ingila, amma a Ireland, an rushe Cocin Anglican na Ireland a 1871. A Wales, an rushe Cocin Ingila guda huɗu a cikin 1920 kuma sun zama Coci a Wales. A cikin mulkin mallaka na Amurka, Ikilisiyar Ingila ya rabu a cikin yankuna shida duk da karuwarta a cikin shekarun 1780; yawancin Anglicans a Amurka sun fara kiran kansu a matsayin Episcopalians.

## Tarihi
Batun rushewar Ikilisiyar Ingila lamari ne mai gudana, sau da yawa ana danganta shi da matsayin Masarautar Ingila a matsayin "Babban Gwamna" na Ikilisiya (duba Dokar Sadarwa 1701).

Masanin falsafar Burtaniya Phillip Blond, mai ba da shawara game da matsayin anti-lyblishmentarian, ya yi jayayya cewa Ingila tana da cocin jihar ya hana kasar rungumar kowane irin kabilanci ko wariyar launin fata. Blond ya bayyana cewa goyon bayan hukuma na Ikilisiyar Ingila ya ba kasar damar tsayayya da magana game da akidar mulkin kama karya na karni na 20 da ke addabi wasu sassan duniya. Ya ci gaba da cewa "Kamar yadda muke buƙatar coci don kare siyasa, don haka muna buƙatar shi don kare ra'ayin jama'a. "  Blond ya kammala cewa "kafa coci a Ingila yana haifar da rayuwar siyasa da zamantakewa daban-daban, yana hana tsattsauran ra'ayi na addini kuma yana taimakawa wajen rage rikice-rikicen jam'iyya da tashin hankali na duniya. "  Giles Coren, marubucin Burtaniya, yana goyon bayan antiblishmentarianism saboda yana bawa duk mutanen Ingila damar karɓar al'adu masu ma'ana kamar aure.

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2014, Nick Clegg, Mataimakin Firayim Minista na Burtaniya kuma Shugaban Liberal Democrats, ya ce ya yi tunanin ya kamata a raba Ikilisiyar Ingila da jihar Burtaniya "a cikin dogon lokaci". David Cameron, Firayim Minista na Burtaniya a lokacin, ya amsa maganganun Clegg ta hanyar bayyana cewa matsayin "ra'ayin Liberal ne na dogon lokaci, amma ba na Conservative ba ne", ya kara da cewa ya yi imanin cewa wanzuwar cocin da aka kafa yana da fa'ida"..

## Manazarta