Yvonne Cormeau

**Yvonne Cormeau**, an haife ta **Beatrice Yvonne Biesterfeld** (18 Disamba 1909 - 25 Disamba 1997), sunan lambar Annette, ta kasance wakilin kungiyar asiri ta Burtaniya, Babban Jami'in Ayyuka na Musamman (SOE), a yakin duniya na biyu . Ta kasance mai ba da sabis na mara waya don cibiyar sadarwa ta Wheelwright karkashin jagorancin George Starr a kudu maso yammacin Faransa daga watan Agustan 1943 har zuwa 'yancin Faransa daga mamayar Nazi ta Jamus a watan Satumbar 1944. Manufar SOE ita ce gudanar da leken asiri, sabuntawa, da bincike a cikin Turai da aka mamaye a kan ikon Axis. Jami'an SOE sun haɗa kai da kungiyoyin adawa na Faransa kuma sun ba su makamai da kayan aiki da aka saukar daga Ingila.

An yaba wa Cormeau saboda inganci da yawan watsawar mara waya. SOE cryptographer Leo Marks ya ce a cikin watsawa sama da 400 Cormeau bai taɓa yin kuskure ɗaya ba. Har ila yau, Cormeau ya tsira daga wani lokaci mai tsawo ga masu aiki mara waya waɗanda ke da rauni ga ganowa da kamawa daga masu mamaye Jamus. Ta kasance mai karɓar Order of the British Empire daga Ƙasar Ingila da Legion of Honour da Croix de Guerre daga Faransa .

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Beatrice Yvonne Biesterfeld a shekara ta 1909 ga wata jami'in kwastam ta Belgium da mahaifiyar Scotland. Ta yi karatu a Belgium da Scotland. Tana zaune a Landan lokacin da a 1937 ta auri Charles Emile Cormeau, mai ba da lissafi. Mijinta ya shiga cikin Rifle Brigade kuma a cikin 1940 an ji masa rauni a Faransa kuma an mayar da shi Burtaniya. Ba da daɗewa ba aka kashe shi lokacin da aka jefa bam a gidan su na London. An ceci rayuwarta ta hanyar wanka wanda ya fadi a kan kanta kuma ya kare ta, kodayake ya kashe jaririn da ba a haife shi ba. Ta aika da 'yarta mai shekaru biyu Yvette zuwa ƙauyuka don tserewa daga fashewar bam na London.

## Yaƙin Duniya na II

### Samun aiki da horo
Sabuwar gwauruwa, Cormeau ta yanke shawarar "suna maye gurbin mijinta a cikin Sojojin" kuma ta shiga WAAF a matsayin mai gudanarwa a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1941 (Service No 2027172).  Yayinda take aiki a RAF Swinderby ta amsa roko a kan allon sanarwa ga masu ilimin harshe, kuma SOE ta dauki ta kuma ta fara horo a matsayin mai ba da sabis na waya na Sashen F a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 1943. An ɗaukaka ta zuwa matsayin Jami'in Jirgin Sama. 'Yarta, Yvette, tana da shekaru biyu kawai a lokacin. Cormeau ya sanya ta a cikin gidan ibada na Ursuline nuns a Oxfordshire inda ta kasance har sai da ta kai shekara biyar. Ta yi horo na SOE tare da Yolande Beekman da Noor Inayat Khan .  Ita ce kadai daga cikin uku da ta tsira daga aikinta zuwa Faransa.

A daren 22 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1943 Cormeau ya bar RAF Tempsford a cikin jirgin sama na Squadron RAF Halifax na No. 161 kuma ya sauka zuwa Saint-Antoine-du-Queyret, kilomita 45 (28 mil) gabashin Bordeaux.  Aikinta shine ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da waya a kan SOE F Section Wheelwright circuit a Gascony. Shugabar da'irar (ko cibiyar sadarwa) ita ce George Starr, sunan lambar Hilaire, wanda ta san shi kafin yaƙin lokacin da take zaune a Brussels. Sunan ta shine Annette . Ta ki ɗaukar kwayar cyanide da SOE ta bayar ga jami'ai don su iya kashe kansu idan aka kama su. Ta zo dauke da bindiga .22, amma, bisa ga shawarar Starr, ba ta taɓa ɗaukar ta tare da ita ba a cikin watanni 13 a Faransa. Don Jamusawa su kama shi yayin da yake dauke da bindiga ko kwayar cutar cyanide, ya gaya mata, hukuncin kisa ne.

### Ayyukan mara waya
Cormeau ya kasance mai basira kuma mai aiki mara waya (W / T), yana iya watsa kalmomi 18 zuwa 22 a minti daya a cikin Lambar Morse, idan aka kwatanta da kalmomi 12 a minti daya na matsakaicin mai aiki. Wannan yana da mahimmanci saboda tsawon lokacin da mai aiki (wanda ake kira "pianist" a cikin harshen SOE) ya kasance a kan layi mai yiwuwa Jamusawa za su same su ta amfani da kayan neman shugabanci.

Kyakkyawan mai karɓar mara waya da aka bayar ga masu aiki da mara waya na SOE shine B Mark II, na'ura mai nauyin kilomita 14 (31  wanda aka ɓoye a cikin akwati. Ya buƙaci mai aiki ya tsawaita waya mai tsawon mita 20 (66 . A cikin yankunan karkara inda Cormeau ta yi aiki sau da yawa tana shimfiɗa iska ta hanyar gonar inabi. Ana iya amfani da mara waya ta hanyar wutar lantarki ta AC (gida) ko batirin mota. Cormeau ta fi son amfani da batir saboda ta yi imanin cewa ya fi wuya ga Jamusawa su gano tushen watsawa kuma saboda ƙauyukan da ta yi aiki sau da yawa ba su da wutar lantarki. Ta ɗauki lu'ulu'u don na'ura da lambobin daban a cikin wani ɓoyayyen aljihu na jakarta. Ta fi son amfani da lambobin da aka rubuta a kan takalma na siliki maimakon takalma masu nauyi da aka yi da takarda. Da farko a cikin aikinta, SOE ta ba Cormeau da wani nau'i mai sauƙi na Type A MK III wanda ke da nauyin kilo huɗu (9  kuma an ƙunshe shi a cikin wani lamari.

Hanyar da ta fi muhimmanci ga mai aiki mara waya don kauce wa ganowa da kamawa ita ce amfani da mara waya kawai a takaice (ba fiye da minti 20 a kowane watsa ba), akai-akai, kuma daga wurare daban-daban. Rayuwar mai ba da waya ta kasance mai kaɗaici. Umurnin SOE sun kasance, "Ma'anar ita ce mai aiki na W / T ya yi komai sai dai aikin W / T, don ganin mai shirya shi [shugaban] kamar yadda zai yiwu, idan a kowane hali, kuma ya sami hulɗa tare da mafi ƙarancin adadin da'irar. "[1]

### A wurin aiki
A cikin 'yan watanni na farko da ta kasance a Faransa, Cormeau ta yi aiki a matsayin mai aikawa ga Starr. An shirya ta don yin watsa shirye-shirye uku mara waya a mako, wanda ya haɗa da ƙididdiga da ƙididdigar saƙonni. Cibiyar sadarwa ta Wheelwright tana da girma a yankin kuma tana canza wurin ta sau da yawa, ba ta taɓa zama a cikin gida ɗaya fiye da kwana uku ba. Wannan ya kasance don tsaron kanta, da kuma tsaron iyalan karkara waɗanda suka ba ta izinin zama tare da su kuma ta watsa daga gidajensu da dukiyoyinsu. Kamar yadda cibiyar sadarwa ta Wheelwright ta kasance babba a yankin, sau da yawa tana yin keke har zuwa kilomita 50 (mil 31) don canza mazauna da isar da ko karɓar saƙonni. Yayinda take tafiya a kusa, ta kuma gano filayen da za a iya amfani da su don saukar da kayayyaki ko kuma wuraren saukowa don jiragen sama kuma ta ba da ma'auni ga SOE a London. Ta bayyana kanta a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya ta gundumar, don haka ta ba ta dalilin motsawa daga wuri zuwa wuri idan 'yan Jamus ko' yan sanda na Faransa, Milice, suka dakatar da ita don bincika takardunta. Kusan Jamusawa sun kama ta bayan wani wakilin mai suna Rodolph ya ci amanarta. Koyaya, ta ci gaba da aiki, duk da fuskantar hotunan "da ake so" a cikin unguwarta wanda ya ba da cikakken zane game da bayyanarta. An dakatar da ita a wani shingen Jamus tare da Starr; an tambayi su biyu yayin da aka riƙe bindiga a bayansu. Daga bisani Jamusawa sun yarda da labarinta da takardun shaida na ƙarya kuma ta yi nasarar wuce kayan aikinta mara waya a matsayin na'urar X-ray.

A farkon watanni na 1944, yayin da ake tsammanin mamaye Faransa ta hanyar abokai hulɗa, saurin aiki ta hanyar juriya ya karu kuma aikin Cormeau a matsayin mai ba da waya ya zama mafi mahimmanci. Yanzu ta watsa sau da yawa a rana kuma ta zauna na dogon lokaci a wuri ɗaya, ƙauyen dutsen Castelnau-sur-l'Auvignon, hedkwatar George Starr .  Masanin tarihin SOE, M.R.D. Foot ya bayyana aikin Cormeau:

## Daraja da kayan ado
Bayan yakin an nada ta MBE, kuma an yi mata ado da Légion d'honneur, Croix de Guerre da Médaille de la Résistance .

## Manazarta