Claudia Alexander

**Claudia Joan Alexander** (30 ga Mayu, 1959 - 11 ga Yuli, 2015) ƙwararriyar masaniyar bincike ce 'yar ƙasar Kanada wacce ta ƙware a fannin ilimin ƙasa da kimiyyar duniya .   Ta yi aiki a Hukumar Binciken Ƙasa ta Amurka da kuma Dakin Gwaji na Jet Propulsion na NASA . Ita ce manajan ayyuka na ƙarshe na aikin na NASA zuwa Jupiter  kuma har zuwa lokacin mutuwarta ta yi aiki a matsayin manajan ayyuka da masanin kimiyya na rawar da NASA ta taka a aikin da Turai ta jagoranta don nazarin Comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko .

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Alexander a Vancouver, British Columbia, Kanada . Mahaifiyarta ita ce Gaynelle Justena Williams Alexander (1929-2017), mai kula da laburare na kamfani na Intel ; mahaifinta shi ne Harold Alfred Alexander (1917-2010), ma'aikacin zamantakewa. 'Yan'uwan Alexander su ne Suzanne da David. Mahaifiyarta ta rene Alexander a Santa Clara, California . 

Alexander tana son zama 'yar jarida amma iyayenta - waɗanda ke biyan kuɗin karatunta - suna son ta zama injiniya.  Bayan aikin bazara a Cibiyar Bincike ta Ames, ta fara sha'awar kimiyyar duniya. Duk da cewa an ɗauke ta aiki a ɓangaren injiniya, za ta yi tsegumi zuwa ɓangaren kimiyya inda ta gano cewa ba wai kawai tana da ƙwarewa a aikin ba, har ma yana da sauƙi kuma yana da daɗi a gare ta fiye da yadda ta zata. 

## Ilimi
A shekarar 1983, Alexander ta sami digirin farko daga Jami'ar California, Berkeley a fannin ilimin ƙasa,  wanda ta yi tunanin zai zama kyakkyawan tushe ga masanin kimiyyar duniya. Alexander ta sami digirin digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar California, Los Angeles a fannin ilimin ƙasa da kimiyyar sararin samaniya a shekarar 1985. Takardar digirin digirin ta ta yi amfani da bayanan Pioneer Venus Orbiter don nazarin bambancin zagayowar rana a cikin mummunan hasken ultraviolet na ionosphere na Venus da hulɗarta da iskar rana .  Ta sami digirin digirgir na uku a fannin Kimiyyar Yanayi, Teku da Sararin Samaniya,  ƙwararre a fannin kimiyyar sararin samaniya, daga Jami'ar Michigan a shekarar 1993. 

## Sana'a
Alexander ta yi aiki a Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa ta Amurka tana nazarin fasahar tectonics na faranti da kuma Cibiyar Bincike ta Ames tana lura da watannin Jovian, kafin ta koma dakin gwaje-gwaje na Jet Propulsion na NASA a shekarar 1986, inda ta yi aiki na tsawon shekaru 30.   Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da kimiyya na kayan aikin plasma wave a cikin jirgin saman   kafin ta zama manajan aikin na aikin a matakin karshe.  Ofishin ya gano sabbin watanni 21 na Jupiter da kuma kasancewar yanayi a Ganymede .  Gano yanayin, wanda ya fi kama da " exosphere mai iyaka da saman", ya sa masana kimiyya suka sake tunani game da zato cewa Ganymede wata ce mara aiki.  Ita ce manajan aikin karshe na aikin, kuma ta kula da nutsewar jirgin saman cikin yanayin Jupiter a karshen aikin a shekarar 2003. 

Alexander ta yi aiki a matsayin mai bincike kan batutuwa daban-daban, ciki har da juyin halitta da kimiyyar kimiyyar ciki na taurari masu tauraro mai wutsiya, Jupiter da watanninta, magnetospheres, plate tectonics, plasma na sararin samaniya, rashin daidaituwa da faɗaɗa iskar rana, da kuma duniyar Venus . Ta kuma yi aiki tare da ƙungiyar aikin a matsayin mai kula da kimiyya kan aikin *Cassini* zuwa Saturn.  Ta rubuta kuma ta rubuta takardu 14 tare. 

Ta kasance mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata da tsiraru a fannin STEM kuma mai sha'awar sadarwa a fannin kimiyya.   Alexander ta yi aiki sosai tare da mata matasa a Jami'ar Michigan, tana taimaka musu su kammala karatunsu.  An dauke ta a matsayin abin koyi ga mata masu launin fata da yawa a fannin, tana ƙarfafa su su halarci manyan makarantu.  A watan Afrilun 2015, ta gabatar da wani jawabi na TEDx a Kwalejin Columbia Chicago, "Yanayin Motsa Jiki da Baƙon Al'amari na Ilimi na Yara", tana bayyana hanyar da ta bi wajen ilmantar da yara game da kimiyya.   Ta kuma ba da jagoranci ga matasa, musamman 'yan mata matasa masu launin fata, don ƙarfafa sha'awarsu ga kimiyya. 

Daga shekarar 2000 har zuwa lokacin mutuwarta, Alexander ta yi aiki a matsayin masanin kimiyyar aikin NASA a Rosetta, aikin Hukumar Sararin Samaniya ta Turai don yin nazari da sauka a kan tauraro mai wutsiya 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. A kan aikin, ta ɗauki nauyin dala miliyan 35 na kayan aiki, tana tattara bayanai kamar zafin jiki [3] daga kayan aiki uku a kan ma'aunin sararin samaniya. Ta kuma kula da tallafin bin diddigi da kewayawa daga Cibiyar Nazarin Sararin Samaniya ta NASA don sararin samaniya.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Baya ga aikin kimiyya da take yi, Alexander tana da sha'awar rubutu. Ta rubuta littattafan yara, ciki har da wasu daga cikin jerin "Tagogi zuwa Kasada", *Wanne Daga Cikin Duwatsu Shine Mafi Girma Cikin Kowa?* da kuma *Tagogi zuwa Tauraron Dare* . Ta kuma rubuta almarar kimiyya kuma memba ce a cikin Marubutan Soyayya na Amurka .   Ta yi amfani da ƙwarewarta ta rubutu don ba da gudummawa ga wani sha'awarta, wasan tennis, rubutu a shafin yanar gizon wasan tennis na Bleacher Report .  Ta kuma ji daɗin tafiya da hawa doki. 

A ranar 11 ga Yuli, 2015, Alexander ta mutu a Arcadia, California bayan shekaru goma tana fama da cutar kansar mama .    An yi mata jana'iza a Oak Hill Memorial Park da ke San Jose, California. Tana da shekaru 56 lokacin da ta rasu. 

## Lambobin yabo da girmamawa
A shekarar da ta kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Michigan, an sanya mata suna "UM Woman of the Year in Human Relations", kuma tana cikin ɗaliban Afirka-Amurkawa 20 na farko da suka kammala karatun digirin digirgir a fannin ilmin taurari da kimiyyar sararin samaniya.  A shekarar 2002 ta sami lambar yabo ta cancantar tsofaffin ɗaliban kimiyyar sararin samaniya, teku da sararin samaniya, kuma ta kasance memba na Hukumar Ba da Shawara ta Ƙasa.  

A shekara ta 2003, an ba Alexander lambar yabo ta *Emerald Honor for Women of Colour in Research & Engineering* ta Career Communications Group, Inc.—mawallafin Mujallar Injiniya Baƙar fata & Fasahar Bayanai — a taron Ƙasa na Kimiyya da Fasaha na Matan Launi. 

An kafa tallafin karatu na Claudia Alexander ga ɗaliban da ke karatun digiri na farko a makarantar ta a shekarar 2007 ta hannun kawunta, Jiles Williams.  Wannan tallafin karatu yana tallafawa ɗaliban da ke karatun digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar yanayi da sararin samaniya da injiniyanci a kwalejin injiniya ta Jami'ar Michigan. 

Alexander mamba ce a Ƙungiyar Nazarin Ƙasa ta Amurka - inda ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar ƙaramin kwamitin bambancin ra'ayi.  A Ƙungiyar Nazarin Ƙasa ta Amurka (AUG), ta mai da hankali kan ilimi da bambancin ra'ayi a kimiyyar ƙasa da sararin samaniya.  Ta kuma yi aiki a Ƙungiyar Masana Kimiyyar Ƙasa ta Mata, inda aka sanya mata suna "Mace ta Shekara".  

A shekarar 2015, masana kimiyya daga tawagar Rosetta ta Hukumar Sararin Samaniya ta Turai sun girmama abokiyar aikinsu da ta rasu ta hanyar sanya mata suna a matsayin wata alama da ke kan abin da aka nufa da aikin, mai suna tauraro mai wutsiya 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. An sanya wa wata alama mai kama da ƙofa a kan tauraro mai wutsiya suna C. Alexander Gate.

Ofishin Mata a Kimiyya da Injiniya na Jami'ar Michigan yana ba da kyautar shekara-shekara don girmama ta: Kyautar Claudia Joan Alexander Trailblazer saboda nasarorin da suka samu da kuma gudummawar da suka bayar ga STEM.  A cikin 2020, Sashen Kimiyyar Sararin Samaniya na Ƙungiyar Masana ilmin Taurari ta Amurka ya gabatar da Kyautar Claudia J. Alexander da aka bai wa masana kimiyya waɗanda suka ci gaba sosai a fannin. 

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan rasuwarta, an fitar da shirye-shiryen *Miles From Tomorrowland* "A Growing Problem" da "The Tardigrade Escapade" don tunawa da ita. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Duba kuma

* Tsarin lokaci na mata a kimiyya

## Manazarta