Harshen Ijaw

**Ijaw** **harsuna** (/idʒɔː/),  kuma ana furta kalma ***Ịjọ,***  yare ne da mutanen Ijaw ke amfani dashi a kudancin Najeriya.

## Rarrabuwa
A al'adance ana ɗaukar yarukan Ijaw wani reshe ne daga dangin Niger-Congo (wata kila ta fito daga tsatson wata ƙungiyar da ake kira Ijoid). An sansu dangane tsarin kalmomin su na batu-abu-aikatau, wanda shi ne in ba haka ba wani sabon abu fasalin a Nijar-Congo, shared kawai da irin wannan m m rassan a matsayin Mande da kuma Dogon. Kamar Mande da Dogon, Ijoid ba shi da ko da alamun tsarin suna wanda ake ganin halaye ne irin na Nijar-Congo. Wannan ya sa Joseph Greenberg, a cikin tsarin sa na farko na Nijar-Congo, ya bayyana su da kuma cewa sun rabu da wuri daga wannan dangin. Koyaya, saboda rashin waɗannan abubuwan, masanin ilimin harshe Gerrit Dimmendaal yana shakkar sanya su cikin Nijar – Kongo kuma yana ɗaukar yarukan Ijoid a matsayin dangi mai zaman kansa. 

Waɗannan rarrabuwa na ciki ya dogara da Jenewari (1989) da Williamson & Blench (2000).

* Gabas
** Nkoroo
** Kalabari (Bonny / Ibani, Okrika / Kirike)
** Ijo kudu maso gabas
*** Nembe
*** Akassa
* Yamma (ko Tsakiya)
** Izon
** Inland Ijo
*** Biseni
*** Akita (Okordia)
*** Oruma

Blench (2019) ya motsa kudu maso gabashin Ijo zuwa *reshen yamma* (ko *Tsakiya* ). 

* Gabas
** Nkoroo
** Kalabari (Bonny / Ibani, Okrika / Kirike)
* Yamma (ko Tsakiya)
** Ijo kudu maso gabas
*** Nembe
*** Akassa
** Izon – Inland Ijo
*** Izon
*** Inland Ijo
**** Biseni
**** Akita (Okordia)
**** Oruma

## Sunaye da wurare
A ƙasa akwai jerin sunayen harshen Ijaw, yawan jama'a, da wurare daga Blench (2019).

## A sauran kasashen Duniya
Berbice Creole Dutch, tsohon yare da ake amfani dasu a Guyana, yana da ƙamus wanda ya dogara da yaren Ịjọ, wataƙila yana da alaka da Kalabari (Kouwenberg 1994).

## Ilimi da kafofin watsa labarai
A watan Yunin 2013, aka *kaddamar da littafin koyar da karatun Izon Fie* da faifan CD a wani bikin da ya samu halartar jami'an gwamnatin jihar Bayelsa. Jami’ar Neja Delta na kokarin fadada jerin littattafan da ake samu a yaren Ijo. Fassarorin shayari da *Kiran Kogin Nun* da Gabriel Okara ke gudana.

## Bibiyar Tarihi

* Freemann, RA, da Kay Williamson. 1967. Ịjọ karin magana. Bayanan Bincike (Ibadan) 1: 1-11.
* Kouwenberg, Silvia 1994. *Nahawu ta Berbice Dutch Creole* . (Mouton Grammar Library 12). Berlin / New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
* Lee, JD, da Kay Williamson. 1990. Leididdigar ƙamus na yarukan Ịjọ. Bincike a cikin Yarukan Afirka da Harsunan Afirka 1: 1.1-10.
* Williamson, Kay . 1963. Gajerun kalmomin aiki a cikin Ịjọ. J. Yarukan Afirka 2.150-154.
* Williamson, Kay. 1966. Ị yare yaruka a cikin Polyglotta Africana. Binciken Saliyo na Saliyo 5. 122-133.
* Williamson, Kay. 1969. 'Igbo' da 'Ịjọ', babi na 7 da 8 a cikin: Harsunan Nijeriya Goma Sha Biyu, ed. na E. Dunstan. Longmans.
* Williamson, Kay. 1971. Sunayen dabbobi a Ịjọ. Afr. Bayanan kula 6, a'a. 2, 53-61.
* Williamson, Kay. 1973. Wasu sun rage tsarin daidaita wasula. Bayanan Bincike 6: 1-3. 145-169.
* Williamson, Kay. 1977. Fasali masu yawa don baƙi. Harshe 53.843-871.
* Williamson, Kay. 1978. Daga sautin zuwa karin magana: batun Ịjọ. Kiabàrà 1: 2.116-125.
* Williamson, Kay. 1979. Rabowar baƙi a cikin Ịjọ. A cikin: Karatuttukan ilimin harshe da adabi da aka gabatar wa Archibald Hill, ed. EC Polome da W. Winter, 3.341-353. Lisse, Netherlands: Peter de Ridder Latsa.
* Williamson, Kay. 1979. Baƙi na medial a cikin Proto-Ịjọ. Jaridar Yarukan Afirka da Ilimin Harsuna 1.73-94.
* Williamson, Kay. 1987. Tsaranci a cikin Ịjọ. A cikin: Abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu a cikin ilimin harsunan Afirka, 4, ed. by David Odden, 397-415.
* Williamson, Kay. 1989. Sautin murya da lafazi a cikin Ịjọ. A cikin tsarin karin lafazi, ed. na Harry vd Hulst da Norval Smith, 253-278. Littattafan Foris.
* Williamson, Kay. 2004. Yanayin yare a yankin Niger Delta. Fasali na 2 a cikin: Ci gaban yaren Ịaz, wanda Martha L. Akpana ta shirya, 9-13.
* Williamson, Kay, da AO Timitimi. 1970. Bayani kan alamar lamba a cikin Ịjọ. Bayanan Afirka (Ibadan) 5: 3. 9-16.
* Williamson, Kay & Lokaci, AO (197? ) 'Bayani akan alamar lambar Ijo', *Bayanan Afirka*, 5, 3, 9-16.
* Filatei, Akpodigha. 2006. Aikin Harshen Ijaw. (Editan www.ijawdictionary.com). www.ijawdictionary.com

; Akan takamaiman harsuna

* Williamson, Kay. 1962. (Sake buga ta Bobbs-Merrill Sake bugawa 1971. ). Canje-canje a tsarin aure na Okrika Ịjọ. Afirka 32.53-60.
* Orupabo, GJ, da Kay Williamson. 1980. Okrika. A cikin takardun bayanan harshen Afirka ta Yamma, Volume II, wanda ME Kropp Dakubu ya shirya. Leiden: Lungiyar Harshen Afirka ta Yamma da Cibiyar Nazarin Afirka.

## Manazarta