Kungiyar Kare Yanayi ta Ukraine

Ukraine Nature Conservation Society (Ukrainian) kungiya ce mai kula da muhalli, wanda tushe ya kasance daya daga cikin masu gabatar da Khrushchev thaw a lokacin da yake Ukraine.

A cikin 1967, bin shawarwarin shawarwari na Ukrpryroda, Gwamnatin Ukrainian ta kafa Kwamitin Kare Yanayin Jiha wanda ke da matsayi na hukumar gwamnatin tsakiya. Wannan ya faru ne shekaru uku kafin Nixon ya kafa EPA a Amurka, shekaru shida kafin Hukumar Tarayyar Turai ta kirkiro Cibiyar Kula da Muhalli da Kare Kasuwanci da kuma shekaru 21 kafin Gorbachev ya kafa irin wannan hukumar ta Tarayyar Soviet a Moscow. Kwamitin Kare Yanayin Jiha ya zama minista a 1991.

Ukrpryroda yana haɓaka wayar da kan jama'a game da sake amfani da su, ilimin muhalli da kuma ƙaunar yanayi a makarantu, a cikin al'ummomin gida da tsakanin hukumomin gida. Tana da rassa a duk yankuna da galibin gundumomin yanki / gundumomi da kuma a cikin biranen musamman na Kyiv da Sevastopol.

## Tarihi
An kafa kungiyar kiyaye dabi'a ta Ukraine (Ukrpryroda) a ranar 28 ga Yuni, 1946 a lokacin bala'in muhalli - fari da ya jawo yunwa. Yana da tarihin ban sha'awa na gwagwarmaya na wadanda suka kafa motsin muhalli na Ukrainian. Nikita Khrushchev (sannan shugaban gwamnatin Ukrainian SSR da Jam'iyyar Kwaminis) ya ba da izinin kafa Ukrpryroda don amsa kiraye-kirayen masana kimiyya da masu kiyayewa na Ukrainian, yawancinsu masana ilimi ne. Har zuwa tsakiyar 1960s, Ukrpryroda ita ce kawai muryar yanayi a cikin daftarin manufofin jama'a, aiki tare da Hukumar Tsare-tsare da sauran hukumomin gwamnati. A wancan lokacin Ukrpryroda ya nemi gabatar da wani m muhalli-tattalin arziki tsarin kula da tattalin arzikin da aka tsara da kuma inganta kafa ma'aikatar muhalli a cikin Ukrainian gwamnatin.

Ba abu mai sauƙi ba ne a tabbatar da haƙƙin muhalli idan babu dimokraɗiyya ko da sanannun masana kimiyya na Ukraine. Duk da haka, ba da la'akari da matsin lamba na Ukrpryroda, Gwamnati ta kirkiro Kwamitin Kare Halittar Jiha a matsayin cibiyar gwamnatin tsakiya a 1967. Farfesa Mykhailo Voinstvenskiy shi ne Shugaban Ukrpryroda a 1963-1982. A shekara ta 1971, Farfesa Stepan Stoyko, shugaban reshen Ukrpryroda na Lviv, ya ɗauki Viacheslav Chornovil aiki wanda aka daure a dauri a baya don siyasa.

A lokacin da aka samu koma baya da kuma na baya-bayan nan perestroika, Ukrpryroda ya mayar da hankali kan ilimin muhalli, musamman a tsakanin ɗaliban makarantar sakandare / jami'a da manyan ƴan ƙasa, yana motsa su don shiga cikin kwanakin sabis na al'umma. An ji muryar Ukrpryroda da sauran muryoyin jama'a kan al'amuran muhalli a lokacin da Dina Protsenko ke jagorantar kwamitin kare yanayi na Jiha, mace ta farko a duniya da ta zama ministar muhalli (a ofis a lokacin 1978-1988). Sai kawai tare da 'yancin kai na Ukraine, matsayi na Kwamitin Kare Halitta na Jiha an ɗaukaka zuwa ma'aikatar muhalli a 1991.

A cikin Disamba 1992, Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta sake yin rajistar yarjejeniyar Ukrpryroda da aka gyara ta Majalisar ta 9 a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba, 1991. A cikin mulkin Ukrpryroda, Majalisa ta kafa Majalisar Pan-Ukrainian da Hukumar da ta ƙunshi, a mafi yawan, na masu sa kai. Daya daga cikin sabbin manufofin shi ne yin amfani da kungiyoyin farar hula, da yin amfani da ‘yancin doka na jama’a da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na samun bayanan da suka shafi muhalli, tuntubarsu da ma shiga cikin binciken gurbatar yanayi da kai farmaki kan mafarauta a wasu yanayi.

## Tsarinsa
Ukrpryroda kungiya ce mai zaman kanta. Babbar hukumar gudanarwarta ita ce Majalisar da masu sa kai na Ukrpryroda ke zabar su a duk shekara 5. Tsakanin tarurrukan Majalisa, Ukrpryroda yana ƙarƙashin Majalisar Pan-Ukrainian da Hukumar da Shugaban ƙasa ke jagoranta.

23 yanki (ciki har da Kyiv da Sevastopol) kungiyoyin Ukrpryroda rahoton zuwa Pan-Ukrainian Council. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin yanki suna da gundumomi 354 da rassa na gida 70, waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙungiyoyin firamare 23,000 (a makarantu da jami'o'i, da dai sauransu), fiye da membobin kamfanoni 10,000 (masu tallafawa, ƙungiyoyin taron muhalli da ranakun al'umma) da sama da mutane miliyan biyu / masu sa kai.

Vasyl Shevchuk, tsohon Ministan Muhalli, ya kasance Shugaban Kwamitin Majalisar Pan-Ukrainian ta Ukrpryroda tun shekara ta 2002.

## Ayyuka

### Kasancewa cikin tattaunawar tare da gwamnati da 'yan siyasa
Ukrpryroda yana tsaye kuma yana inganta ikon jama'a da na majalisa akan yanayin tsabta. Tana shiga cikin dukkan sauraron majalisa kan batutuwan muhalli da Chernobyl (a cikin Verkhovna Rada)  kuma tana inganta aiwatar da Yarjejeniyar Aarhus  da Dokar Ukraine kan Nazarin Muhalli. 

Har ila yau, Ukrpryroda yana ƙarfafa kasuwancin Ukraine don aiwatarwa: - tsarin kula da muhalli da haɗarin zamantakewa, musamman a ƙarƙashin Ka'idodin Equator .  - Samfuran kasuwanci waɗanda ke haɓaka ci gaba mai ɗorewa ta hanyar samar da makamashi da ingantaccen albarkatu, amfani da ƙasa mai dorewa da kiyaye halittu masu ɗorewa, kasuwanci tare da abokan hulɗa waɗanda ke tafiyar da haɗarin muhalli da zamantakewa da kyau, da kuma halin kulawa ga ma'aikata da al'ummomin gida.

- Ka'idodin alhakin zamantakewa na kamfanoni 

### Sashe na UUkrpryroda
Tsarin ƙungiyar Ukrpryroda ya ƙunshi sassan ƙasa guda 10 da 140 na yanki. Za a iya raba batun su zuwa tattara binciken kimiyya, shawarwari da manufofin jama'a. Daga cikin muhimman batutuwan bincike sun hada da kare muhalli, kariya da dawo da flora da fauna, ma'adanai, albarkatun ruwa, yanayi, filaye, kifaye, gandun daji da wuraren kariya. Ana ɗaukar shawarwari ta hanyar haɓakawa da haɓaka ƙungiyoyin matasa muhalli gami da haɓaka haƙƙoƙin doka, yada wayar da kan muhalli tsakanin ɗaliban makarantu da jami'a, yawan yankuna. Ayyukan sashe kan manufofin jama'a sun haɗa da shawarwarin majalisa kan kariya da amfani da hankali na albarkatun ƙasa da aiwatar da hanyoyin (ta hanyar membobinta na masana) don taimakawa rassan yanki da na gida na Ukrpryroda.

### Ayyukan muhalli a cikin yankuna
Membobin Ukrpryroda suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin irin waɗannan ayyukan muhalli na kasa da kasa, kamar Ranar Muhalli ta Duniya,  Ranar Duniya, Ranar Ruwa ta Duniya,  "Tsabtace Ukraine - Tsabtace Duniya" da irin waɗannan ayyukanmu na yanki kamar "A Primrose", "A Spring", "A Fir Tree", "Tsabtar iska", "A Tomtit", "A Swamp Turtle", "A Spawning" da sauransu.

Yana da mahimmanci ga Ukrpryroda don jawo hankalin mutane don shiga cikin kare muhalli, yin ayyuka iri-iri na yanki da na gida kamar su kiwo, dasa bishiyoyi a cikin birane, wuraren korayen jama'a, tsaftace bankunan kogi da tafkuna, zubar da juji, da dai sauransu Ƙungiyoyin yanki na Ukrpryroda sun fara kwanakin sabis na al'umma inda al'ummomin ke tsaftace yankunansu.

### Ayyukan ilimi
Kowace shekara Majalisar Pan-Ukrainian tare da kungiyoyin yanki na Ukrpryroda suna gudanar da yakin neman ilimi da wayar da kan jama'a ta hanyar shirya laccoci na jama'a, tafiye-tafiye na karshen mako, kallon fina-finai / rubuce-rubuce, nune-nunen nune-nunen, buɗaɗɗen tarurruka da tarurruka.

Har ila yau, Ukrpryroda yana kaiwa ta hanyar wallafe-wallafe, musamman mujallar kimiyya ta kasa baki daya 'The Native Nature', jaridar 'The Shamrock', yawancin kasidu, da sassan jaridu na gida suna taimakawa bayyanar yau da kullum a kafafen yada labarai.

## Abokan hulɗa da ƙungiyoyi masu kama da juna a duniya
**Turai**

* Austria: *[[:de:Naturschutzbund Österreich|Naturschutzbund Österreich]]* 
* : *[[Danish Society for Nature Conservation|Kungiyar Danish don Kare Yanayi]]*
* : Faransa yanayin yanayi *[[:fr:France nature environnement|Yanayin yanayi na Faransa]]*
* : *[[Naturschutzbund Deutschland]]* 
* : *[[:it:Federazione Nazionale Pro Natura|Pro Natura]]*
* : *[[Milieudefensie]]* 
* : *[[Norwegian Society for the Conservation of Nature|Kungiyar Norwegian don Kare Yanayi]]*
* : Ƙungiyar Kare Yanayi ta Pan-Russian*[[:ru:Всероссийское общество охраны природы|Kungiyar Kare Yanayi ta Pan-Russian]]*
* : *[[:sv:Naturskyddsföreningen|Kungiyar Sweden don Kare Yanayi]]*
* : Kare Muhalli Ƙasar Ingila, Ƙungiyar Muhalli ta Burtaniya *[[British Ecological Society|Ƙungiyar Kula da Muhalli ta Burtaniya]]*

**Ostiraliya da Oceania**

* : Gidauniyar Kare Kariya ta Australiya *[[Australian Conservation Foundation|Gidauniyar Karewa ta Australiya]]*
* : *[[Environment and Conservation Organisations of Aotearoa New Zealand|ECO]]*

**Amurka**

* : Gidajen shakatawa da Kungiyar daji ta Kanada, *[[Nature Canada|Yanayin Kanada]]* 
* : *[[Pronatura México|Pronatura]]*
* : Sierra Club, The Nature Conservancy *[[The Nature Conservancy|Tsaro na Yanayi]]*

**Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya**

* : *[[Ethiopian Wildlife and Natural History Society|Kungiyar Dabbobi da Tarihin Halitta ta Habasha]]* 
* : *[[Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel|Kungiyar Kare Yanayi a Isra'ila]]*
* : Green Belt Movement*[[Green Belt Movement|Motsi na Green Belt]]*
* : Gidauniyar Kare Hakki ta Najeriya*[[Gidauniyar Kare Hakkin Najeriya]]*
* : *[[WESSA|Kungiyar namun daji da muhalli ta Afirka ta Kudu]]* 
* : Ƙungiyar Muhalli ta Hadaddiyar Waje*[[Emirates Environmental Group|Ƙungiyar Muhalli ta Emirates]]*

**Asiya**

* : Ƙungiyar Kare namun daji ta China 
* : *[[Wildlife Trust of India|Amincewa da namun daji na Indiya]]*
* : *[[Nature Conservation Society of Japan|Kungiyar Kare Yanayi ta Japan]]* 
* : *[[Korean Society of Nature Conservation|Kungiyar Kare Yanayi ta Koriya]]*, *[[Korean Association for Conservation of Nature|Kungiyar Koriya don Kare Yanayi]]*, National Nature Trust, Kungiyar Muhalli ta Koriya  
* : *[[National Trust for Nature Conservation|Amincewa ta Kasa don Kare Yanayi]]*
* : *[[Vietnam Association for Conservation of Nature and Environment|Kungiyar Vietnam don Kare Yanayi da Muhalli]]* 

## Bayanan da aka ambata