Robert Vallée

**Robert Vallée** (5 Oktoba 1922 a Poitiers, Faransa - 1 ga Janairu 2017, Paris, Faransa) ɗan Faransanci ne mai ilimin intanet da lissafi. Ya kasance Farfesa a Jami'ar Paris 13 (Jami'ar Paris-Nord) kuma shugaban Hukumar Kula da Tsare-tsare ta Duniya da Cybernetics (WOSC).  

A farkon shekarun 1950, Vallée ya rubuta wallafe-wallafensa na farko a kan abin da ya kira "opérateur d'observation" (wanda ke nufin a Turanci "mai gudanarwa na kallo"). Na ƙarshe, a cikin mafi sauƙi, yana ba da damar tsarin cybernetic don lura da yanayin yanayinsa da kansa. Bayan haka, bisa ga waɗannan sakamakon, mai aiki mai yanke shawara zai iya nuna matakin da za a ɗauka. An bambanta matakai guda biyu na fahimta da yanke shawara ta hanyar "sauki na hankali",  amma yana da ban sha'awa don tara su cikin ma'aikaci na musamman, wanda aka sani da " pragmatic ". Ana yin tasiri ga yanke shawara ta hanyar lura da abubuwan da suka faru, amma kuma ta hanyar tsinkayen da suka gabata. Wannan yana nufin cewa, a cikin abin lura da aka yi a wani lokaci, alamun abubuwan lura da suka gabata ma suna nan. A ƙarshe, waɗannan hanyoyin suna bin juna a cikin madauki. Vallée ya bayyana nazarin wannan halin da ake ciki tare da kalmar "epistemo-praxeology", yana jaddada haɗin da ke tsakanin ilimin (episteme), wanda ya haifar da lura, da kuma aiki (praxis). Game da matsalar lura, Vallée kuma tana sha'awar ka'idar bayanai .

Vallée kuma ya ciyar da masu zaman kansu a cikin matsalolin zamantakewa da kuma tarihi. Na farko ya kai shi ga bayyana wani halittar cybernetic wanda ke rufe dukkan duniya tare da hanyar sadarwa (1952), ra'ayin da Joël na Rosnay ya gabatar (a karkashin sunan "cybionte", 1975). Ya kuma rubuta labaran da aka sadaukar da su ga al'amuran tarihi na cybernetics da tsarin, yana nufin René Descartes, Louis de Broglie, da Norbert Wiener.

An haifi Vallée a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 1922, a Poitiers, (Faransa), a matsayin ɗan farfesa a tarihi. A 1969 ya auri edita kuma mai fassara Nicole Georges-Lévy. Tare da matarsa, Robert Vallée ya ba da gudummawa ga fassarar, a cikin Faransanci, na littafin Norbert Wiener, *Cybernetics: Ko Sarrafa da Sadarwa a cikin Dabbobi da Injin* .

A ƙarshen 1920s kuma a cikin 1930s, Vallée ya halarci kwalejin Angoulême inda, a cikin 1940, ya sami digiri na farko a cikin Latin - Greek, lissafi, da falsafa. Tsakanin 1944 zuwa 1946, ya kasance dalibi a École Polytechnique a Paris. A lokacin rani na 1954, ya dauki bangare a cikin "Foreign dalibai Summer Project" Massachusetts Institute of Technology (tare da Norbert Wiener da Armand Siegel). A cikin 1961 ya zama Doctor na Kimiyya a cikin ilimin lissafi tare da kasida kan fadada dangantakar da ke tsakanin Kaluza-Klein, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin André Lichnerowicz ( Jami'ar Paris ).

A lokacin aikinsa, Vallée ya mallaki mukamai da yawa. Tsakanin 1956 da 1958, ya kasance Mataimakin Darakta na Cibiyar Blaise Pascal a Paris. Daga 1961 zuwa 1971, ya kasance malamin jami'a a fannin lissafi a École Polytechnique da Jami'ar Franche-Comté (1962-1971) inda daga baya ya zama Farfesa. Tsakanin 1971 zuwa 1987 ya kasance Farfesa a Jami'ar Paris-Nord inda kuma ya kasance shugaban tsangayar tattalin arziki daga 1973 zuwa 1975 kuma shugaban sashen ilimin tattalin arziki daga 1975 zuwa 1987. A 1987, Jami'ar Paris-Nord ta ba shi mukamin Farfesa . Vallée ya kuma ba da kwas ɗin digiri na uku akan tsarin tsauri a Jami'ar Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1987.

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