Girkawa na Caucasus

Helenawa na Caucasus (Girkanci:  ko kuma mafi yawanci , Turkiyya: ), wanda aka fi sani da Helenawa na Transcaucasia da Rasha Ƙananan, su ne kabilun Helenawa na Arewacin Caucasus da Transcaucasian a cikin abin da ke yanzu kudu maso yammacin Rasha, Georgia, da arewa maso gabashin Turkiyya. Wadannan musamman sun hada da Helenawa na Pontic, kodayake a yau sun mamaye yanki mai faɗi ciki har da arewacin Caucasus na Rasha, da tsoffin lardunan Caucasus ta Rasha na Batum Oblast da Kars Oblast (wanda ake kira Rasha Asia Minor), yanzu a arewa maso gabashin Turkiyya da Adjara a Georgia.

Mutanen Girka sun yi ƙaura zuwa waɗannan yankuna tun kafin zamanin Kirista / Byzantine. 'Yan kasuwa, malaman Orthodox / malamai, 'yan gudun hijira, ma'aikata, da waɗanda suka goyi bayan ɓangaren da ba daidai ba a cikin yaƙe-yaƙe da yawa na siyasa a cikin Classical / Hellenistic da Late Roman / Byzantine, an wakilta su musamman tsakanin waɗanda suka yi ƙaura.[1] Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun Fasali shine Bishop Cyrus na Iskandariya na ƙarni na 7, asalinsa daga Phasis a Georgia ta yanzu. Mazauna Girka a cikin Caucasus gabaɗaya sun zama sun haɗa da 'yan asalin ƙasar, musamman a Georgia, inda Girkawa na Byzantine suka raba bangaskiyar Orthodox da al'adun Kirista tare da' yan asalin ƙasar.[2]

## Farkon zamanin yau
Don ƙara rikitar da al'amuran, da yawa da ake kira "Turks na Ottoman" waɗanda suka zauna a Georgia da Kudancin Caucasus biyo bayan yakin Lala Mustafa Pasha na Caucasian na shekarun 1570s a zahiri Helenawa ne na Pontic daga arewa maso gabashin Anatolia waɗanda suka karɓi Islama da harshen Turkiyya don dalilai na hukuma amma sun ci gaba da amfani da Girkanci na Pontic a rayuwarsu ta yau da kullun, tare da wani shahararren misali na Musulmi na Ottoman Georgian na asalin Girkanci na asalin Pontic shine Resid Mehmed Pasha. Wadannan Musulmai na Girka waɗanda suka bi addinin Islama a Georgia kuma ko dai daga ƙarshe sun haɗu da yawan Musulmai masu magana da Turkiyya na kudancin Georgia yawanci ana bayyana su a matsayin Meskhetian Turks, sun koma sassa na gabashin Anatolia kamar Kars bayan mamayewar Rasha na Georgia a 1801, ko kuma sun koma ga Orthodox na Girka bayan mamayewa kuma sun sake shiga cikin yawan Orthodox na Girkanci na ƙasar. A ƙarshe, bisa ga shaidar tarihi da ke akwai mun san cewa dubban Helenawa na Pontic daga arewa maso gabashin Anatolia na Ottoman kuma musamman yankin Gümüşhane (Greek Argyroupolis) na Pontic Alps an san su da zuwa Georgia a cikin 1763 a kan gayyatar da Sarki Heraclius II na Georgia don haɓaka azurfa da jagoranci hakar ma'adinai a Akhtala da Alaverdi (a cikin Armenia ta yanzu).  Yawancin zuriyarsu sun tsira a gundumar Marneuli ta Georgia da yankin Akhtala na Armenia, kodayake mafi yawansu sun yi hijira zuwa Girka, kuma musamman Thessaloniki (TaSalonika) a Girka Makidoniya a tsakiyar shekarun 1990.

## Harshe
Yawancin Helenawa na Caucasus waɗanda suka zauna a Georgia sun zama ana kiransu Urums (daga kalmar Turkiyya don '[Byzantine] Romawa') kuma suna magana da Yaren Turkiyya tare da babban cakuda na Pontic Greek, Georgian, da Armenian ƙamus. A cewar labarin Girkanci na gida, bayan murkushe tawaye da suka yi wa mulkin Ottoman, Sultan Selim I ya ba wa waɗannan Helenawa masu magana da Turkiyya amma Krista Orthodox Caucasus zaɓi ko dai su yarda da Islama amma su ci gaba da amfani da yarensu na Girkanci, ko kuma su yi amfani da harshen Turkiyya amma su riƙe bangaskiyar Orthodox ta Kirista. Selim na kasance a yankin Trebizond kafin ya zama Sultan a 1512, tunda shi da kansa ya kasance wani ɓangare na asalin Girkanci na Pontic a gefen mahaifiyarsa Gülbahar Hatun .

## Manazarta