François Bonivard

**François Bonivard** (ko **Bonnivard**; 1493-1570) ya kasance mai daraja, masanin coci, masanin tarihi, kuma mai kishin kasa na Geneva a lokacin Jamhuriyar Geneva . Rayuwarsa ita ce wahayi zuwa ga waƙar Lord Byron ta 1816 The Prisoner of Chillon . Ya kasance mai goyon bayan Juyin Juya Halin Furotesta, kuma ta yawancin asusun ya kasance mai lalata, duk da aikinsa.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Bonivard ɗan Louis Bonivard ne, Seigneur de Lunes, kuma an haife shi a Seyssel a cikin dangi mai daraja na Savoy . An ilimantar da shi ne daga 'yan majami'a daban-daban a ƙarƙashin ikon kawunsa, Jean-Aimé de Bonivard, wanda ya kasance kafin St.-Victor, gidan ibada a waje da ganuwar Geneva. A lokacin da yake da shekaru bakwai, an tura Bonivard zuwa karatu a Pinerolo, Italiya; ga mafi yawan ƙuruciyarsa, an ruwaito cewa ya fi son nishaɗi fiye da koyo. Ya halarci Jami'ar Turin kuma, bayan mutuwar kawunsa, ya gaji shi a St.-Victor a shekara ta 1510.

Bayan Charles III, Duke na Savoy, ya kwace dukiyar Bonivards sai dai ga Priory, Bonivard ya goyi bayan masu kishin kasa na Geneva waɗanda suka yi tsayayya da kokarin Savoy na sarrafa yankin. A shekara ta 1519 ya tsere daga Geneva, ya yi kama da ɗan majami'a, a kan labarin cewa Duke yana gabatowa. Abokai ne suka yi masa, Ubangiji na Varuz da Brisset, Abbot na Montheron na Pays de Vaud, wadanda suka ci amanarsa. Sun mika shi ga Duke, wanda ya ɗaure shi a Grolée, ɗaya daga cikin manyan biranensa a kan Rhone, daga 1519 zuwa 1521. An ba Abbot na Montheron gidan ibada na St.-Victor, amma a bayyane yake abokan Bonivard ne suka yi masa guba, wadanda suka yi aiki don sakin Bonivard daga kurkuku. Bonivard ya koma masallacin a shekara ta 1527.

Kwarewar ba ta da yawa daga hanawa; Bonivard ya ci gaba da aikinsa na siyasa. A shekara ta 1530, mutanen Duke sun sanya shi lokacin da ya yi tunanin zai iya yin dare mai aminci a Moudon, kuma an sake mika shi ga Duke, wanda ya sake ɗaure shi, a wannan lokacin a karkashin kasa a cikin Castle na Chillon. Bernese sun saki Bonivard lokacin da suka ci Vaud a 1536. A halin yanzu an rushe gidansa, amma Geneva ta ba shi fansho. An sanya shi bourgeois na Geneva a shekara ta 1537, matsayin da ya ji an tilasta masa ya yi murabus saboda rashin kudi. Genevese kuma ta ba shi wurin zama a Majalisar Ɗari Biyu a 1537,  wanda ya ba shi albashi. Ya zauna musamman a Bern da Lausanne bayan 1538, amma ya koma Geneva har abada a 1544.

Bonivard ta yi aure sau hudu. Lokaci na farko ya kasance ga Catherine Baumgartner, watakila a cikin 1542, wanda ya bayyana ya ƙare a shekara mai zuwa  bayan mutuwarta. Ya sake auren Jeanne Darmeis, gwauruwar Pierre Corne, daga 1544 har zuwa mutuwarta a 1552; sun "rayu kadan kuma sun yi mummunar rayuwa tare".  Aure na uku ya kasance da wata gwauruwa, Pernette Mazue ko Mazure; sun yi aure 1550-1562. Mazure ta arziki, duk da haka, an bar ta ga ɗanta; kodayake matar farko ta Bonivard da alama ta kasance mai kula da dukiyarsa, ya sadaukar da kansa ga kashe kuɗi da shirya abincin dare ga abokansa, kuma an ruwaito cewa ya kunyata unguwar tare da jam'iyyunsa. 'Yan ƙasa makwabta sun bukaci ya sake yin aure don rage abin kunya. Matarsa ta huɗu, saboda haka, wata nun ce, Catherine de Courtaronel ko Courtavonne; yana da shekara sittin da tara, kuma babu wata shaida cewa suna so su yi aure sai dai don kwantar da hankalin maƙwabta. Bayan 'yan shekaru, an kama Catherine a gidansu saboda lalata da rashin aminci; Bonivard ya nemi ya wanke ta, amma an kashe ta ta hanyar nutsewa a cikin Kogin Rhone, kuma an fille kan ƙaunarta.

## Manazarta