Kare Yara

**Karewa** kalma ce da ake amfani da ita a cikin Burtaniya, Ireland da Ostiraliya don nuna matakan kare lafiya, jin daɗin rayuwa da haƙƙin ɗan adam, wanda ke ba mutane damar—musamman yara, matasa da manya masu rauni—su rayu ba tare da zagi, cutarwa da sakaci ba.

Ana iya la'akari da kowane yaro a cikin haɗarin cutarwa ko cin zarafi, ba tare da la'akari da shekaru, kabila, jinsi, jima'i ko addini ba. Gwamnatin Burtaniya ta kafa doka tare da buga jagora don kare yara daga musgunawa, hana lalacewar lafiyar yara ko ci gaban yara, tabbatar da cewa yara sun girma cikin yanayin da ya dace da samar da ingantaccen kulawa mai inganci, da baiwa yara da matasa damar samun kyakkyawan sakamako. Ana ɗaukar alhakin waɗannan manufofin ya kasance tare da duk wanda ya yi hulɗa da yara da iyalai.

Manya da ke buƙatar taimako na kariya gabaɗaya tsofaffi ne kuma marasa ƙarfi, kuma ko dai suna zaune su kaɗai ko a gidajen kulawa da ɗan tallafi daga danginsu. Suna iya samun matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa, nakasa ta jiki ko matsalolin koyo. Kwararrun masu kula da su sun fi mayar da hankali kan ƙarfafawa, kariya, rigakafi, daidaitattun martani, haɗin gwiwa da kuma ba da lissafi don kiyaye manya masu rauni. A Birmingham da West Midlands, an fi son kalmar 'manyan da ke cikin haɗari' fiye da' manya masu rauni'.

## Yara
Kiyaye yara wani ra'ayi ne da ya wuce kariya ga yara don haɗa ƙarin manufofin hana cutar da lafiyar yara da ci gaban yara, tabbatar da cewa yara suna girma a cikin yanayin da ya dace da samar da ingantaccen kulawa.

Gwamnatin Burtaniya ta ayyana kalmar 'kare yara' a matsayin: "Tsarin kare yara daga cin zarafi ko rashin kulawa, hana lalacewar lafiyarsu da ci gabansu, da kuma tabbatar da cewa suna girma a cikin yanayin da ya dace da samar da lafiya da ingantaccen kulawa wanda ke ba yara damar samun kyakkyawar damar rayuwa da shiga cikin nasara."

Wannan sauyi daga kariyar yara na al'ada zuwa tsarin da ya fi dacewa ya sami tasiri ta hanyar rahoton farko na kiyaye yara na Babban Inspectors (2002) da Victoria Climbié Inquiry (2003).[9] Shirin Kowane Yaro Mahimmanci wanda aka zayyana a cikin Dokar Yara ta 2004 ya tsara waɗannan canje-canjen a cikin tsarin doka. Kowane Yaro Mahimmanci ya yi niyya don inganta sakamako ga yara a muhimman wurare biyar; kasancewa lafiya, zaman lafiya, jin daɗi da samun nasara, ba da gudummawa mai kyau da samun walwalar tattalin arziki.

Don taimakawa wajen cimma wannan Dokar ta yi sauye-sauyen cibiyoyi da dama da suka hada da soke kwamitocin kare hakkin yara na yankin da aka yi la’akari da cewa ba su tabuka komai ba a wasu wuraren da rahoton hadin gwiwa na manyan Insifetoci na 2002 da kuma kafa Hukumar Kula da Kula da Yara ta Kasa (LSCBs). Waɗannan sun ƙunshi wakilai daga hukumomin haɗin gwiwa na gida kamar gidaje, lafiya, 'yan sanda da sabis na gwaji. An tuhumi LSCBs da daidaita ayyukan duk hukumomin haɗin gwiwa dangane da kiyaye yara. Suna gudanar da wannan aiki ne ta hanyar amincewa da gudummawar dukkanin hukumomin membobin da kuma yanke shawarar yadda za a ware wadannan kudade da aka tara. Bugu da kari, su ne ke da alhakin ba da izinin yin bita mai mahimmanci na shari'a mai zaman kansa da horar da ma'aikatan hukumar memba don kiyaye mafi kyawun aiki na yara. Dokar ta kuma ba da hakki ga dukkan hukumomi don yin shirye-shirye don kiyayewa da inganta jin daɗin yara.

A cikin 2006 gwamnati ta saki Aiki tare don Safeguard Children, wanda ya tsara hanyoyin da ƙungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane zasu yi aiki tare don kiyayewa da inganta rayuwar yara. A cikin 2010 an maye gurbin wannan ta hanyar Yin Aiki Tare don Kare Yara (2010) wanda ya faɗaɗa mayar da hankali kan aiki tsakanin hukumomi kuma yayi la'akari da shawarwarin rahoton ci gaba na Lord Laming na 2008 The Protection of Children in England wanda ya ba da shawarar cewa ya zama dole cewa ƙwararrun masu sana'a na gaba su san yara a matsayin daidaikun mutane. Yin aiki tare don Kare Yara an sake sabunta shi a cikin 2015 da kuma a cikin 2018. Wannan sabon (Aiki tare don Kare Yara 2018) ya wuce duk tsoffin juzu'i.

## Manazarta