Yanayin Melbourne

**[[Melbourne]]**, babban birnin jihar Victoria kuma birni na biyu wanda yafi yawan jama'a a Ostiraliya (mafi yawan jama'a a cikin birane), yana da yanayi mai zafi na teku (Köppen weather classification Cfb), tare da lokacin zafi mai zafi da sanyi, lokacin sanyi.] Melbourne sanannen sananne ne ga sauyin yanayin canjin yanayi, galibi saboda kasancewarta a kan iyakar yankunan da ke cikin zafi da sanyin kudancin teku.  Wannan bambance-bambancen zafin jiki ya fi bayyana a cikin bazara da watanni na rani kuma yana iya haifar da gaban sanyi mai ƙarfi.  Waɗannan gabas ɗin sanyi na iya ɗaukar nauyin nau'ikan yanayi daban-daban daga gales zuwa tsawa da ƙanƙara, faɗuwar zafin jiki mai yawa da ruwan sama mai yawa.  Lokacin hunturu, yayin da yake bushewa ta musamman ta ka'idodin Kudancin Victoria, duk da haka suna drizzly kuma sun cika.  Rashin ruwan sama na hunturu yana da nasaba da inuwar ruwan sama na Melbourne tsakanin Otway da Masedon Ranges, wanda ke toshe yawancin ruwan sama da ke fitowa daga arewa da yamma.

Phillip yakan yi zafi fiye da tekunan da ke kewaye ko kuma yawan ƙasar, musamman a lokacin bazara da kaka;  wannan zai iya kafa "bay tasiri ruwan sama", inda shawa aka tsananta leward na bay.  Ƙananan rafukan ruwa masu nauyi na iya shafar wurare iri ɗaya (yawanci yankunan gabashin gabas) na tsawon lokaci, yayin da sauran Melbourne da kewaye ke zama bushe.  Gabaɗaya, yankin da ke kusa da Melbourne ya kasance, saboda inuwar ruwan sama, duk da haka ya fi bushewa fiye da matsakaici don kudancin Victoria.  A cikin birni da kewaye, ruwan sama ya bambanta sosai, daga kusan 425 mm (17 in) a ƙaramin Kogin zuwa 1,250 mm (49 in) a gefen gabas a Gembrook.  Melbourne yana karɓar kwanaki 48.6 bayyananne a shekara.  Yanayin zafi a lokacin rani yana daga 9.5 zuwa 11.7 °C (49.1 zuwa 53.1 °F).). 

Melbourne kuma tana da saurin yin ruwan sama mai zurfi lokacin da tafkin sanyi ya haye jihar, musamman idan akwai zafi mai yawa na rana. Wadannan ruwan sama sau da yawa suna da nauyi kuma suna iya haɗawa da ƙanƙara, guguwa, da raguwa mai yawa a cikin zafin jiki, amma sau da yawa sukan wuce cikin sauri tare da saurin tsabta zuwa yanayin rana da kwanciyar hankali da kuma zafin jiki yana tashi zuwa abin da yake kafin wanka. Wannan na iya faruwa a cikin sararin minti kuma ana iya maimaita shi sau da yawa a rana, yana ba Melbourne suna don samun "lokaci huɗu a rana ɗaya",  magana ce da ke cikin al'adun gargajiya na gida.  Mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki a rubuce shine -2.8 ° C (27.0 ° F), a ranar 21 ga Yuli 1869. Mafi girman zafin jiki da aka rubuta a birnin Melbourne ya kasance  ° C (115.5 ° F), a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu 2009. Duk da yake ana ganin dusar ƙanƙara a wasu lokuta a tsaunuka masu tsawo a gefen birnin, kuma an lura da ƙura a cikin 2020, ba a rubuta shi a Gundumar Kasuwanci ta Tsakiya ba tun daga 1986. 

Yawan zafin teku a Melbourne ya fi na teku da ke kewaye da shi a lokacin watanni na rani, kuma ya fi sanyi a lokacin watanni. Wannan yafi yawa ne saboda Port Phillip Bay kasancewa mai rufewa da zurfi wanda aka kare shi sosai daga teku,  wanda ke haifar da bambancin zafin jiki a duk lokutan.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya

Yankin Port Phillip Bay mai zurfi da kewaye da shi sau da yawa yana da dumi fiye da yankin da ke kewaye da su da ruwan teku na Bass Strait (musamman a lokacin bazara da kaka), kuma wannan na iya kafa "Tasirin bay" mai kama da tasirin tafkin da aka gani a yankuna masu sanyi, inda ruwan sama ke kara karfi a gefen bay. Ƙananan raƙuman ruwa masu ƙarfi na iya shafar wurare iri ɗaya (yawanci a cikin yankunan kudu maso gabashin) na dogon lokaci, yayin da sauran Melbourne da kewayen ke bushewa. 

Gabaɗaya, Melbourne, saboda inuwa ta Otway Ranges, duk da haka ya bushe fiye da matsakaici ga kudancin Victoria.  birni da kewayenta, duk da haka, ruwan sama ya bambanta sosai, daga kusan   in) a gefen yamma a Little River zuwa   in) a gabashin gabashin Gembrook. Duk da bushewar dangi, Melbourne tana da kwanaki 139 na ruwan sama a kowace shekara a kan ƙofar 0.2mm, ma'ana cewa ruwan sama yana yawan faɗuwa a matsayin drizzles ko a matsayin ruwan sama mai haske (wanda ke faruwa akai-akai  watanni na hunturu), maimakon ruwan sama mai tsanani (kamar waɗanda aka samu a Sydney, Brisbane da Perth). 

Birnin yana karɓar kwanaki 48.6 kawai a kowace shekara, yana mai da shi babban birni mafi girgije a Ostiraliya, kuma yana da kwanaki 180 a kowace shekara. Idan aka kwatanta, Brisbane tana da kwanaki 42 a kowace shekara, Sydney 134 da Hobart 174. A cewar Babban Mai Hasumiyar Yanayi Terry Ryan, wani abu ne na yanayi da aka sani da "anticyclonic gloom", inda tsarin matsin lamba a cikin hunturu zuwa arewa da yammacin birnin ke haifar da iska mai dumi a babban tsawo, wanda ke riƙe da danshi daga Bass Strait. Watan da ya fi hazo a Melbourne shine Mayu, tare da matsakaicin kwanaki 18 na hazo, sannan Yuli, Yuni da Agusta, bi da bi.

Melbourne kuma tana da saurin yin ruwan sama mai zurfi lokacin da tafkin sanyi ya haye jihar, musamman idan akwai zafi mai yawa na rana. Wadannan ruwan sama sau da yawa suna da nauyi kuma suna iya ƙunsar ƙanƙara da ƙanƙanta da guguwa mai yawa a cikin zafin jiki, amma suna wucewa da sauri a wasu lokuta tare da saurin tsabta zuwa yanayin rana da kwanciyar hankali da kuma zafin jiki yana haushi zuwa abin da yake kafin wanka. Wannan sau da yawa yana faruwa a cikin sararin minti kuma ana iya maimaita shi sau da yawa a rana, yana ba Melbourne suna don samun "lokaci huɗu a rana ɗaya",  magana ce da ke cikin al'adun gargajiya na gida kuma sananne ne ga baƙi da yawa zuwa birni.  Yanayin dusar ƙanƙara a lokacin rani yana daga  ° C (49.1 ° F) zuwa  ° C (53.1 ° F). 

**Rubuce-rubucen da aka yi** rikodin (Daga Ofishin Yankin Melbourne):

* Mafi zafi:   , 7 Fabrairu 2009
* Mafi sanyi zafin jiki: -2.8  , 21 ga Yuli 1869
* Mafi ƙanƙanta:   , 1 ga Fabrairu 1902
* Mafi sanyi:   , 4 ga Yuli 1901
* Watan da ya fi dacewa:   in), Fabrairu 1972
* Mafi yawan sa'o'i 24:   in), 3 Fabrairu 2005

Lokacin bazara na Melbourne sananne ne ga kwanakin zafi mai tsanani, wanda ya karu a cikin mitar tun shekara ta 2005.  Wannan yana faruwa ne lokacin da tsarin synoptic ya dace da jigilar iska mai zafi daga tsakiyar Ostiraliya zuwa kusurwar kudu maso gabashin nahiyar. Yankunan cikin gida na Ostiraliya suna daga cikin wuraren da suka fi zafi a duniya, musamman yankunan cikin gida a arewa maso yammacin Ostiraliya.

Kowace lokacin rani, zafi mai tsanani yana farawa a gundumar Pilbara ta Yammacin Ostiraliya a kusa da Oktoba / Nuwamba kuma yana yaduwa a wurare masu zafi da sassan cikin nahiyar ta Janairu. A cikin watanni na rani, ɓangaren kudancin nahiyar yana kewaye da belin iska na yamma zuwa kudu da kuma tsaunuka masu matsin lamba zuwa arewa. Babban haɓakar zafi yana faruwa ne inda matsin lamba ya fi rinjaye a matakan sama na yanayi a kan wurare masu zafi da subtropics na Ostiraliya a lokacin rani yana ba da damar babban yanki na yanayin yanayi mai ɗorewa don rinjaye.

A wani lokaci, yanayin sanyi mai karfi zai bunkasa a lokacin rani kuma ya kawo yammacin arewa fiye da matsayinsu na lokacin rani. A waɗannan lokuta, iskõkin arewa maso yamma za su bunkasa a gaban hanyar sanyi kuma wani lokacin waɗannan na iya zama masu ƙarfi sosai, har ma da ƙarfin guguwa. Lokacin da wannan ya faru iska mai zafi daga cikin gida ana janyewa dama a kudu maso gabashin Australia, wani lokaci har zuwa kudancin Tasmania.

Kamar yadda wannan iska ke ɗauka gaba ɗaya a kan ƙasa ta nahiyar ya kasance ba a canza shi ba, watau ba ya karɓar ƙarin danshi daga jikin ruwa kuma yana riƙe da mafi yawan idan ba duk zafinsa ba. A waɗannan lokuta, sassan da ke da matsakaici na kudancin Victoria, gami da Melbourne, na iya fuskantar cikakken fushin yanayin hamada duk da cewa a takaice ne kawai yayin da yanayin sanyi da ke da alhakin yawanci yana wucewa cikin sauri bayan haka yana ba da damar iska mai sanyi ta kudu maso yamma daga Kudancin Tekun don maye gurbin iska mai zafi na hamada. Mafi girman zafin jiki da aka rubuta a birnin Melbourne ya kasance  ° C (115.5 ° F), a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu 2009.

## Lokacin hunturu
Lokacin hunturu a Melbourne yana da sanyi tare da ruwan sama mai matsakaici. Mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki a rubuce shine -2.8 ° C (27.0 ° F), a ranar 21 ga Yuli 1869.  A ranar 25 ga Yulin 1986, dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗo a cikin birni, wanda ya haifar da jinkirin zirga-zirgar jiragen sama har zuwa sa'o'i huɗu.