Shah Abu'l Ma'ali

**Shah Abu'l Maʿālī**, kuma **Abu'l Maʿālī Shah** (-1564) ya kasance ɗan asalin Farisa ne mai ba da ilimi, mai bin ka'idar Sufanci, kuma mawaki wanda ya zama ɗan gajeren lokaci a Kotun Mughal, musamman a lokacin mulkin Humayun . Ya fito ne daga Kashgar a Asiya ta Tsakiya. Ana tunawa da shi a yau galibi saboda jerin hotuna, gami da hoton da aka danganta ga Mir Sayyid Ali (c. 1545), wanda shine ɗayan hotunan Mughal na farko.

Shah Abu'l Maʿālī ya kasance wani ɓangare na raƙuman da aka horar da Safavid da masu zane-zane waɗanda suka shiga aikin Mughal bayan gudun hijira na Humayun zuwa Farisa kuma suka koma Indiya. Ya kasance mutum ne mai rubutu, mawaki, kuma mai ilimi, wanda ke da alaƙa da ra'ayoyin addinin Sufi da heterodox.

Ya bayyana cewa ya ji daɗin tagomashi na ɗan lokaci a ƙarƙashin Humayun. Tushen zamani sun nuna Abu'l Maʿālī a matsayin mai ban sha'awa, mai faɗakarwa, kuma mai tayar da hankali, wanda mai yiwuwa ya ba da gudummawa ga shahararsa da faduwarsa. Kamar yadda ya kasance babban aboki na Humayun, ya ɗauka cewa yanzu yana da matsayi na musamman a kotu. A cewar Abu 'l-Fazl, wannan kuskuren hukunci ya sa ya nuna halin da bai dace ba. 

Humayun died unexpectedly in a fall in 1556. His son Jalāl ud-Dīn Muhammad, commonly known by his epithet "Akbar", was crowned on February 14, 1556. However, Bairam Khan, who was instrumental in the reconquest of India, remained in office for the next few years. Akbar and his circle were deeply resentful of the arrogance of Humayun's *protégé*. He was said to have "seditious thoughts", and Abu'l Fazl, the chronicler of Akbar's reign, wrote of Abu'l Ma'ali was now a drunken madman whose "brain had been ruined by the worship of his own beauty". Three days after the coronation celebrations, Akbar held a large assembly to which Shah Abu 'l-Maʿali was also invited. He was arrested and taken to a prison in Lahore. He was able to escape from there.

Bayan ya tsere, Shah Abu'l Ma'ali ya shiga cikin kisan kai da tayar da kayar baya a Kashmir da Rajasthan a cikin shekaru takwas. Shah Abu'l Ma'ali, ya nemi mafaka a Kabul tare da ɗan'uwan Akbar mai shekaru goma Mirza Muhammad Hakim da mahaifiyarsa mai tasiri Mah Chuchak Begam . Babban zuriyarsa ya sa Mah Chuchak ya auri shi ga 'yarta Bakht-un-Nissa Begum . Koyaya, a cikin neman mulkin da ba a iyakance shi ba, Abu'l Maʿali ya kashe Begam da wasu daga cikin masu ba ta shawara bayan 'yan watanni kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya mallaki ɗanta Mirza Muhammad Hakim. Mirza Muhammad Hakim ya yi kira ga dan uwansa Mirza Sulayman, wanda Humayun ya nada a matsayin gwamnan Badakhshan, wanda ya shiga tsakani a Kabul.  Mirza Sulayman a ƙarshe ya kama Shah Abu'l Ma'ali kusa da Kabul, kuma ya tura shi ga Mirza Muhammad Hakim, wanda ya maƙure shi, ko rataye shi, a cikin 1564.
Fayil:Portrait_of_Shah_Abu’l_Ma’ali._Attributed_to_Mir_Sayyid_‘Ali,_c.1545,_Mughal_court._Harvard_Museum,_2009.202.205.jpg|Portrait of Shah Abu’l Ma’ali. Attributed to Mir Sayyid Ali, c.1545, Mughal court. Harvard Museum, 2009.202.205
Fayil:The_arrest_of_Shah_Abu'l_Ma'ali._Painted_by_'Abd_us-Samad,_Mughal,_1556-1560,_Bodleian_Library,_Ms_Ouseley,_Add._172,_fol.17a.jpg|The arrest of Shah Abu'l Ma'ali. Painted by 'Abd us-Samad, Mughal, 1556–1560, Bodleian Library, Ms Ouseley, Add. 172, fol.17a
Fayil:Basawan_-_The_Young_Emperor_Akbar_Arrests_the_Insolent_Shah_Abu’l-Maali,_page_from_a_manuscript_of_the_Akbarnama_-_1919.898_-_Art_Institute_of_Chicago.jpg|The Young Emperor Akbar Arrests the Insolent Shah Abu’l-Maali. *Victoria and Albert Akbarnama*, folio 40


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