Yanayin yanayi na Philippines

Philippines tana da nau'ikan yanayi guda biyar: gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, ruwan sama na wurare masu wurare masu zafi (suna da nau'o'in biyu a yankunan da suka fi tsayi). Kasar gabaɗaya tana da yanayin zafin mai yawa, zafi mai tsanani da ruwan sama mai yawa. Akwai yanayi biyu a cikin ƙasar: lokacin rigar da lokacin fari, bisa ga yawan ruwan sama. Wannan kuma ya dogara da wuri a cikin ƙasar yayin da wasu yankuna ke fuskantar ruwan sama a duk tsawon shekara (duba § yanayin yanayi). Watanni masu zafi na shekara sune Maris zuwa Oktoba; ruwan sanyi yana kawo iska mai sanyi daga Nuwamba zuwa Fabrairu. Mayu shine watan da ya fi zafi, kuma Janairu, shine mafi sanyi.

PAGASA (Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration) ne ke sa ido kan yanayi a Philippine

## Ruwan sama
Damina da iskar ruwa ce mai girman gaske wacce ke faruwa a lokacin da zafin ƙasa ya fi zafi ko sanyi fiye da zafin teku.  Yawancin damina mai zafi ko damina ta kudu maso yamma (Filipino: Habagat) suna da rinjayen bangaren yamma da kuma tsananin hawan hawan da samar da ruwan sama mai yawa (saboda tururin ruwa a cikin iska mai tasowa).  Ƙarfin da tsawon lokaci, duk da haka, ba daidai ba ne daga shekara zuwa shekara.  Damina mai sanyi ko damina ta arewa maso gabas (Filipino: Amihan), akasin haka, suna da babban ɓangaren gabas da ƙaƙƙarfan hali na rarrabuwa, raguwa da haifar da fari.

Lokacin bazara yana kawo ruwan sama mai yawa ga mafi yawan tsibirin daga Mayu zuwa Oktoba. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya kasance daga kusan millimeters 5,000 (197 in)  tsaunuka na gabashin gabar tekun ƙasar, zuwa ƙasa da millimeters 1,000 (39 in) a wasu kwarin da aka kare. Ruwan sama, kodayake yana da ƙarfi da kuma bushewa, ba a haɗa shi da manyan iskõki da raƙuman ruwa.

Akalla kashi  100 na ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a arewacin Philippines ana iya gano shi zuwa guguwa ta wurare masu zafi, yayin da tsibirai na kudancin ke karɓar ƙasa da kashi  100 na ruwa na shekara-mako daga guguwa na wurare masu zafi. Guguwar da aka fi sani da ita ta shafi tsibirin ita ce guguwar Yuli 1911, lokacin da aka rarraba jimlar ruwan sama ga Baguio  kwanaki huɗu kamar: 14th -   in), 15th -   in), 16th -   in), 17th - 200 mm.4 (7.9 in);  sannan kuma ya biyo bayan fari mai ban mamaki daga Oktoba 1911 zuwa Mayu 1912, don haka adadin shekara-shekara na shekaru biyu ba a iya lura da shi ba.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 Tsibirin Philippines yana zaune a fadin belin guguwa, inda hadari mai haɗari ke faruwa daga Yuli zuwa Oktoba. Canjin yanayi yana kara tsananta halin da ake ciki tare da guguwa a Philippines. *Bagyo* shine kalmar Filipino don duk wani Guguwa ta wurare masu zafi a tsibirin Philippines. Daga kididdigar da PAGASA ta tattara daga 1948 zuwa 2004, kimanin guguwa 28 da / ko guguwa a kowace shekara sun shiga yankin Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) - yankin da aka sanya wa PAGASA don saka idanu yayin rikice-rikicen yanayi. Daga cikin wadanda suka sauka ko suka haye Philippines, matsakaicin ya kasance tara a kowace shekara. A shekara ta 1993, guguwa goma sha tara sun mamaye ƙasar, suna mai da shi mafi yawa a cikin shekara guda. Mafi ƙarancin shekara sun kasance huɗu a cikin shekarun 1955, 1958, 1992, da 1997.

PAGASA ta rarraba guguwa zuwa nau'o'i biyar bisa ga saurin iska. Da zarar guguwa ta wurare masu zafi ta shiga PAR, ba tare da la'akari da ƙarfi ba, ana ba shi sunan gida don dalilai na ganowa ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai, gwamnati, da jama'a gaba ɗaya.

### Siginar Guguwa ta Tropical (TCWS)
Philippines ta fuskanci guguwa  yawa  lalacewa, musamman guguwa tare da iskõki  ɗorewa sama da  km / h (115 mph; 100  m / s). Tsawon lokaci, Philippines ta yi amfani da tsarin gargadi na matakai huɗu don faɗakar da 'yan ƙasa game da guguwa masu zuwa waɗanda za su sauka a cikin ƙasar, amma mummunar lalacewa da asarar rayuka da Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) ya haifar a cikin 2013 ya sa bai isa ba. Saboda wannan, an kara tsarin gargadi zuwa matakai biyar, kuma an karɓi rukunin Super Typhoon (STY) a cikin 2015. Da farko, an bayyana *manyan guguwa* a matsayin guguwa tare da matsakaicin iskõki masu ɗorewa sama da  km / h (140 mph; 120  m / s), amma an saukar da ƙofar zuwa waɗanda suka fi 185 km / h ((115 mph; 100 kn; 51 m / s) bayan PAGASA ta sake fasalin tsarin siginar iska a cikin 2022.

### Shahararrun guguwa da suka mamaye Philippines
Wannan jerin kawai ya haɗa da manyan guguwa waɗanda suka sauka a ƙasar a saurin iska mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi, kuma sun haifar da mummunar lalacewa a lokaci guda. Yawancin guguwa masu rauni sun sauka a kasar, kodayake sun haifar da mummunar lalacewa da asarar rayuka, kamar guguwar Ondoy da Sendong, dukansu biyu sun tara sama da mutuwar 400.

#### Guguwar Angela (Rosing, 1995)
A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1995, Guguwar Angela, wani babban guguwa mai kama da 5, wanda aka sani da Rosing, ya fadi a lardin Catanduanes kuma ya kewaye tsibirin Luzon. Yankin Bicol da Metro Manila sune yankunan da suka fi fama da cutar, kuma an ɗaga siginar # 4 a cikin ƙarshen, wani abin da ba zai faru a yankin ba har tsawon shekaru 25. Iska mai ɗorewa na minti ɗaya ya kai saurin  km / h (180 . Rosing ya dauki rayuka 936 kuma ya haifar da lalacewa sama da pesos biliyan 10. An yi la'akari da guguwa mafi karfi da ta taɓa buga Metro Manila dangane da saurin iska.

#### Guguwar Bopha (Pablo, 2012)
Guguwa mafi karfi da ta taɓa mamaye tsibirin Mindanao, guguwar Bopha, wanda aka fi sani da Pablo, ta sauka a gabashin Mindanao a matsayin guguwa mai ƙarfi mai kama da 5, tare da iskõki masu ɗorewa na minti ɗaya da suka kai saurin  km / h (170 . Yankin Davao yana daya daga cikin yankunan da suka fi muni, musamman Davao Oriental, inda guguwar ta fara hulɗa da ƙasa. Fiye da pesos biliyan 42 (US $ 1.04 biliyan) an rubuta su a tsawon lokaci, yana mai da shi guguwa mafi tsada don tasiri Mindanao, da kuma duk ƙasar, a wannan lokacin. Akalla mutane 1,067 sun mutu kuma an ruwaito mutane 834 sun bace. Yawancin lalacewar sun haifar da guguwa da iska.

#### Guguwar Haiyan (Yolanda, 2013)
 
Ɗaya daga cikin guguwa mafi ƙarfi don sauka a ko'ina cikin duniya dangane da saurin iska, Typhoon Haiyan, wanda aka fi sani da Yolanda, ya sauka a wurare da yawa a duk faɗin ƙasar a watan Nuwamba na 2013 a matsayin babban guguwa mai kama da 5. Tsibirin Leyte da Samar sune mafi muni da guguwar ta shafa, musamman birnin Tacloban, inda guguwar guguwar suka wuce. Fiye da mutane 6,300 sun mutu daga guguwar guguwa da iska mai karfi, tare da lalacewa har zuwa pesos biliyan 90, yana mai da shi mafi muni da kuma mafi lalacewa da ya mamaye kasar a rikodin. Bugu da kari, sama da 1,000 sun ɓace, kuma kusan 20,000 sun ji rauni. Iska mai ɗorewa na minti ɗaya ya kai har zuwa  km / h (196 mph; 170  m / s), yana yin Yolanda (Haiyan) a matsayin guguwa mafi ƙarfi a tarihi dangane da saurin iska mai aminci, har sai Guguwar Patricia ta gabashin yankin Pacific ta wuce shi a cikin 2015.

#### Guguwar Goni (Rolly, 2020)
Guguwar da ta fi karfi ta yi kasa a ko'ina a duniya dangane da saurin iskar da aka auna ta minti daya, Typhoon Goni, wacce aka fi sani da Rolly, ta yi kasa a yankin Catanduanes a matsayin babbar guguwa mai lamba 5 mai karfin gaske, kuma ta kasance daya daga cikin jerin guguwar da ta yi kasa a Philippines tsakanin Oktoba da Nuwamba 2020, iskar da ta yi saurin sauka a kasa.  315km/h (196 mph; 170 kn; 88 m/s).  Yankin Bicol shine mafi muni da guguwar ta afkawa, kuma siginar #4 ya sake tashi a cikin Metro Manila, karo na farko tun da Angela da aka ambata a sama (Rosing).  Har ila yau, matakan korar sun kasance masu rikitarwa saboda cutar ta COVID-19, kamar yadda aka aiwatar da ka'idojin lafiya da aminci a lokacin tasirin don hana yaduwar cutar.  Lalacewar guguwar ta kai sama da peso biliyan 20 kwatankwacin dalar Amurka miliyan 369..

## Nau'ikan yanayi

Akwai nau'ikan yanayi guda huɗu da aka sani a cikin Philippines, kuma sun dogara ne akan rarraba ruwan sama * (Dubi Taswirar Yanayi ta Philippines a saman) *.  An bayyana su kamar haka: 

## Yanayin zafi
Matsakaicin zafin  na duk shekara da aka auna daga duk tashoshin yanayi a Philippines, ban da Baguio, shine 26.6 °C (79.9 °F).  Yawancin lokaci ana jin sanyi a cikin watan Janairu tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki a 25.5 °C (77.9 °F) da ranaku mafi zafi, a cikin watan Mayu tare da matsakaicin 28.3 °C (82.9 °F).[1]  Abubuwan haɓaka suna da mahimmanci a cikin bambancin zafin jiki a Philippines.  A cikin Baguio, tare da tsayin mita 1,500 (4,900 ft) sama da matakin teku, matsakaicin matsakaici shine 18.3 °C (64.9 °F) ko mai sanyaya da kusan 4.3 °C (8 °F).  A cikin 1915, William H. Brown na Jaridar Kimiyya ta Philippine ya gudanar da bincike na shekara guda a saman Dutsen Banahaw a tsayin mita 2,100 (6,900 ft).  Matsakaicin zafin jiki da aka auna shine 18.6 °C (65.5 °F), bambanci na 10 °C (18 °F) daga ma'aunin zafi na ƙasa..

## Rashin zafi
Rashin zafi yana da yawa a cikin Philippines. Rashin zafi mai yawa a cikin iska yana sa yanayin zafi ya fi zafi. Wannan yawan danshi ya faru ne saboda dalilai daban-daban, gami da evaporation daga tekuna da ke kewaye da kasar a kowane bangare, iskõki daban-daban a lokuta daban-daban na shekara, da ruwan sama mai yawa. Na farko ana iya la'akari da shi a matsayin sanadin babban danshi, wanda ake kiyaye shi a duk tsibirai a duk shekara. Biyu na ƙarshe na iya rinjayar matakai daban-daban na danshi don watanni daban-daban nke shekara da kuma yankuna daban-daban de la archipelago.

## Lokaci
Yanayin kasar ya kasu kashi biyu:

# lokacin ruwan sama, daga Yuni zuwa farkon Oktoba; wanda ke da alaƙa da Kudu maso Yammacin Monsoon (Hanging Habagat). A cikin 2025, Hukumar Kula da Yanayi, Geophysical da Astronomical Services ta Philippines (PAGASA) ta ayyana farkon lokacin ruwan sama a ranar 3 ga Yuni. 
# lokacin bushewa, daga ƙarshen Oktoba zuwa Mayu. Za'a iya raba lokacin bushewa zuwa (a) lokacin bushewa mai sanyi, daga ƙarshen watan Oktoba zuwa farkon rabin Maris, wanda ke da alaƙa da Arewa maso gabashin Monsoon (Hanging Amihan) da (b) lokacin bushe mai zafi, daga ƙarshen Maris zuwa Mayu. Watanni na Afrilu da Mayu, watanni masu zafi da bushewa lokacin da makarantu ke kan dogon hutu tsakanin shekarun ilimi, ana kiransu "summer" (bayan lokacin rani wanda ke faruwa daga Yuni zuwa Agusta a cikin ƙasashe masu matsakaici, wanda kuma shine lokacin Kudu maso Yammacin ƙasar). 

## Canjin yanayi