Anis Al-Hujjaj

***Anis Al-Hujjaj*** (Abokin Hulgidan Pilgrim, wanda aka fi sani da Anis ul-Hujjay) wani littafi ne na ƙarni na goma sha bakwai na Safi ibn Vali, wani jami'in kotun Mughal a cikin abin da ke yanzu Indiya. An rubuta shi a Farisa, ya bayyana Hajji (ginshiƙi na Islama wanda shine aikin hajji zuwa Makka da MAD) wanda ya yi a cikin 1677 AD (AH 1088) kuma yana ba da shawara ga mahajjata. Hotunansa suna nuna mahajjata da ke tafiya zuwa wurare masu tsarki kuma suna shiga cikin al'adun Hajji. Har ila yau, jagora ne na gani ga manyan wurare da mutane.

## Takaitaccen Bayani
Ibn Vali ya kasance jami'in kotun sarki Mughal Aurangzeb. Zeb-un-Nissa, ɗan fari na Aurangzeb, ya goyi bayan Hajji, bayan ibn Vali ya rubuta mata sharhi game da Alkur'ani. Ya kuma, a cikin 1665, ya rubuta tarihin duniya. Bayan Hajji, ya koma aikinsa a kotu kuma ya ci gaba da karatunsa har ya tsufa.

Ibn Vali ya tashi daga Delhi a watan Satumbar shekara ta 1676, ya isa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Mocha, Yemen a watan Janairun shekara ta 1677 kuma ya ci gaba da tafiya tare da wasu mahajjata. Tafiyar teku daga Indiya zuwa Yankin Larabawa zai ɗauki kimanin kwanaki 25. Littafin *Yarda da* shawara game da tafiya a kan jiragen ruwa a fadin Tekun Indiya, farawa da shawara game le zaɓin jirgin ruwa. Ya ba da shawarar cewa kowane jirgi ya kamata ya sami wani aiki (likitan) da kuma wasika. Ana ba wa mahajjata shawara su ɗauki nasu ruwa a cikin tukwane na yumɓu, saboda ruwan da ke cikin jirgin ya ɗanɗana ba shi da kyau. Idan ba su da nasu ruwa, za su iya sa ruwan jirgin ya zama mai ɗanɗano ta hanyar ƙara syrup na pomegranate ko ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai ɗanɗana. Littafin ya ba da shawarar cewa matafiya su kasance kusa da babban mast kuma daga gefen waje na bene, don kauce wa Rashin lafiya na teku. Ya bayyana dalla-dalla wuraren da ibn Vali ya ziyarta da kuma al'adun Hajji. Wadannan sun hada da ziyartar wurare masu tsarki inda mahajjata suka aske gashin kansu, suka yi hadayu, kuma suka yi jinin Iblis.

## Misalai da suka tsira
Akwai rubuce-rubucen *Anis* a cikin Khalili Collection of Hajj da Arts of Pilgrimage,  a cikin Royal Armoury a Lucknow,  kuma a cikin Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya a Mumbai. 

## Hotuna
Duk da yake akwai wasu jagororin mahajjata waɗanda ke kwatanta aikin hajji da wuraren da ke cikin zane, *Anis Al-Hujjaj* ya bambanta don kuma ya haɗa da zane-zane masu launi na mahajjata da kansu.

Misali na Khalili (lambar shiga MSS 1025), wanda ake zaton ya samo asali ne daga Gujarat tsakanin 1677 da 1680, ya ƙunshi fayiloli 23 ciki har da rabin shafi tara da cikakkun hotuna goma sha ɗaya. Rubutun yana cikin rubutun Nastaliq, tare da layi 23 a kowace shafi. Rubutun Khalili ya haɗa da alamun wuraren da suka hada da Surat, Mocha, Jedda da Mina. Taswirar waɗannan garuruwan suna nuna gine-ginen da har yanzu ana iya gane su a yau. Hotunan kuma suna nuna wuraren ibada a kusa da Makka, wasu daga cikinsu ba su wanzu ba. Wadannan sun hada da wuraren haihuwar Muhammadu, na 'yarsa Fatimah, da kuma abokinsa Abu Bakr al Siddiq .  Taron don taswira a cikin Anis shine cewa saman shafin yana wakiltar hanyar da mahajjata ke tafiya.

Hotunan suna nuna jiragen ruwa da ke dauke da mahajjata daga tashar jiragen ruwa ta Surat a yankin Indiya, suna haye Tekun Oman, kuma suna isa Jeddah a yankin Larabawa. A Jeddah, an nuna ƙananan jiragen ruwa waɗanda za su iya jigilar fasinjoji tsakanin manyan jiragen ruwa da tashar jiragen ruwa. Wani shafi na Khalili ya nuna motar mahajjata, gami da Amir al-hajj ("kwamanda na aikin hajji"), mai suna Abdi Pasha, kuma a gabansa mahmal, wani datti mara amfani da shi a kan raƙumi tare da kowane motar mahajjata daga Masar. Tushen sun bambanta kan ko an ɗauke wani abu a cikin mahmal, tare da wasu tushe suna cewa an ajiye shi babu komai, kodayake a cikin hoton ibn Vali ya ƙunshi Alkur'ani a kan tsaye. Hotunan kuma suna nuna Sharif Barakat, mai mulkin wuraren ibada, yana saduwa da wakilin sultan Ottoman Mehmed IV. Mahajjata da suka taru a Makka sun haɗa da kungiyoyi daga Arewacin Afirka, Misira, Siriya, Iran, Indiya da hamadar Larabawa; Anis suna nuna sansanonin su. A Muzdalifah, ana nuna mahajjata suna tattara duwatsu. Sa'an nan a Mina sun jefa duwatsu a cikin al'ada na *ramy al-jamarāt* (dutse na Iblis).

## manazarta