Tarihin Turai

An raba **tarihin Turai**  dangane da lokuta hudu: Tarihin Turai kafin kafuwarta (kafin 800 BC), na gargajiya (800 BC zuwa AD 500), Tsakiyar Shekaru (AD 500 zuwa AD 1500), da lokutan zamani (tun AD). 1500).

Mutanen Turai na farko na zamani sun bayani ne a cikin tarihin burbushin halittu kimanin shekaru 48,000 da suka wuce, a zamanin Paleolithic Era. Mutanen wannan lokacin sun bar ababen tarihi da dama, gami da kayayyakin fasaha, makabartu, da kayan aiki, waɗanda suka basu damar sake gina al'ummarsu. A lokacin hijira na Indo-Europe, Turawa sunyi ƙaura daga gabas zuwa kudu maso gabas. Aikin noma da aka kafa ya janyo tsarin Neolithic Era, wanda ya bazu a hankali a ko'ina cikin yankunan Turai daga kudu maso gabas zuwa arewa da yamma. Lokacin Neolithic na baya ya ga ƙaddamar da ƙarfe na farko da kuma amfani da kayan aiki da makamai daga tagulla, da gine-ginen megalithic, misali irinsu Stonehenge.

Faduwar Daular Rum ta Yamma a AD 476 bisa ga al'ada ita ce farkon tsakiyar zamanai. Yayin da Daular Roma ta Gabas za ta dawwama na tsawon shekaru 1000, za a raba tsoffin ƙasashen daular Yammacin Turai zuwa wasu jihohi daban-daban. A lokaci guda, Slavs na farko sun fara zama rukuni na musamman a tsakiya da gabashin Turai. Babbar daular farko ta Tsakiyar Zamani ita ce Daular Faransa ta Charlemagne, yayin da mamayar Musulunci ta Iberia ta kafa Al-Andalus . Zamanin Viking ya ga ƙaura na biyu na mutanen Norse . Ƙoƙarin kwato Levant daga jihohin musulmi da suka mamaye shi ya sa lokacin tsakiyar zamanai ya zama zamanin ƴan Salibiyya, yayin da tsarin siyasa na feudalism ya kai matsayinsa. Marigayi Tsakiyar Zamani ya kasance alama ce ta raguwar yawan jama'a, yayin da Turai ke fuskantar barazanar annoba ta Bubonic, da kuma mamayewar mutanen Mongol daga Eurasian Steppe . A ƙarshen Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar, an sami lokacin tsaka-tsaki, wanda aka sani da Renaissance .

Turai na baya-bayan nan ta fara ne yi zuwa ƙarshen karni na 15. Canje-canjen fasaha kamar foda da na'urar buga littattafai sun canza yadda ake gudanar da yaƙi da yadda ake kiyaye ilimi da yaɗuwa. Gyarawa na Furotesta ya ga wargajewar tunanin addini, ya kai ga yaƙe-yaƙe na addini . Age of Exploration ya kai ga mulkin mallaka, da kuma amfani da mutane da albarkatun mulkin mallaka ya kawo albarkatu da arziki zuwa Turai. Bayan 1800, juyin juya halin masana'antu ya kawo jarin jari da haɓaka cikin sauri zuwa yammacin Turai, yayin da ƙasashe da yawa suka fice daga mulkin kama-karya zuwa gwamnatocin majalisa. Zamanin Juyin Juyin Juya Hali ya ga tsarin siyasa da aka dade ana kafuwa ya baci kuma ya juya baya. A cikin karni na 20, yakin duniya na daya ya kai ga sake yin taswirar Turai yayin da manyan dauloli suka rabu zuwa kasashe-kasashe . Batutuwan siyasa masu dadewa za su kai ga yakin duniya na biyu, lokacin da Jamus ta Nazi ta yi kisan kiyashi . Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, a lokacin yakin cacar baka, yawancin Turai sun rabu da Labulen ƙarfe a cikin ƙungiyoyi biyu na soja: NATO da Warsaw Pact . Lokacin yakin bayan yakin ya ga tura mulkin mallaka yayin da aka rushe daulolin Turawan mulkin mallaka. Har ila yau, bayan yakin ya nuna ci gaban tsarin haɗin gwiwar Turai a hankali, wanda ya haifar da kafa Tarayyar Turai ; hakan ya kai kasashen Gabashin Turai bayan rugujewar katangar Berlin . Karni na 21 ya ga rikicin bashi na Turai da kuma ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai .

 

## Manazarta