open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Yarjejeniyar Kama Jiragen Ruwa, 1952

**Yarjejeniyar kamawa ta 1952** (cikakkiyar taken:**Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa don haɗe wasu ƙa'idodi da suka shafi kama jiragen ruwa da ke tafiya cikin teku** )yarjejeniya ce ta shekarar 1952 da ke tsakanin ƙasashe da yawa inda jihohi suka amince da ƙa'idodi game da kama jiragen ruwa.

Ta Yarjejeniyar,Jihohi sun yarda da ƙa'ida mai zuwa:ƙasa ta yarda da ƙyale ikon ƙasashen waje don kama jirgin ruwa na ɗan ƙasa da ke cikin tashar jiragen ruwa na ƙasashen waje.Ana iya kama shi ne kawai bayan an ba da sammacin kama shi a cikin ikon cikin gida na jihar tashar jiragen ruwa.Dokokin Yarjejeniyar suna aiki ne kawai idan duka jihar ɗan ƙasa da kuma jihar da ke kama ɓangarorin jihohi ne a cikin Yarjejeniyar.

An kammala kuma aka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar a ranar 10 ga Mayun shekarar 1952 a Brussels,Belgium ; Ya fara aiki a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu,1956. Jihohi 19 ne suka rattaba hannu a kai kuma ana aiki da shi a yankuna 71.Spain,asalin mai sa hannu kan Yarjejeniyar,ta yi tir da shi a cikin shekarar 2011.

Ma'ajiya na Yarjejeniyar ita ce gwamnatin Belgium.

(Lakabin Faransanci shine *Convention internationale pour l'unification de certaines règles sur la saisie conservatoire des navires de mer*.)

## Taron kamawa 1999
A shekara ta 1999,an kammala Yarjejeniyar Kame Jiragen Ruwa ta Duniya.Manufar Hukumar Kula da Maritime ta Duniya ita ce Yarjejeniyar a shekarar 1999 za ta zo ne don maye gurbin Yarjejeniyar 1952,amma ya zuwa 2014 Yarjejeniyar 1999 tana da jam'iyyu 11 ne kawai.Ya fara aiki a ranar 14 ga Satumba,2011.

## Manazarta
Yarjejeniyar Brussels (1924)

**Yarjejeniyar Brussels** (a hukumance **Yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa game da Kayan aikin da za a bai wa Merchant Seamen don Kula da Cututtukan Venereal** )yarjejeniya ce ta 1924 da yawa wacce jihohi suka amince da samar da wuraren kiwon lafiya kyauta ko kuma masu rahusa a tashoshin jiragen ruwa inda za a iya kula da ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa don jima'i.cututtuka masu yaduwa .

An kammala yarjejeniyar Brussels a Brussels,Belgium a ranar Yarjejeniyar ta fara aiki ne a ranar .Yarjejeniyar an amince da ita sosai kuma ƙungiyar binciken Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta 1958 ta yi nazarin tasirinta.Hukumar ta WHO ta yanke shawarar cewa yarjejeniyar ta yi nasara wajen inganta lafiyar 'yan kasuwan teku. Yarjejeniyar ta ci gaba da aiki har zuwa jihohi 70.Papua New Guinea ta amince da ita kwanan nan,a cikin 1977.

## Manazarta
1956 Zaɓen Majalisar Yankunan Kamaru

A ranar 23 ga Disamban 1956 ne aka gudanar da zaben ‘yan majalisar dokoki a kasar Kamaru .Sakamakon ya kasance nasara ga Tarayyar Kamaru,wadda ta lashe kujeru 30 daga cikin 70 na Majalisar Yankin.Yawan masu jefa kuri'a ya kai kashi 41.4%.

## Manazarta
Majalisar Fitattu

**Majalisar Sananniya** ƙungiya ce ta siyasa da ta ƙunshi mutane masu rubutu a cikin al'umma waɗanda hukumomin da ke yankin suka zaɓa don iliminsu na musamman,gogewa,ƙwarewa, matsayi ko nasarori.Irin waɗannan majalisu sun kasance a yankuna da ƙasashe da yawa a duk faɗin duniya."Ko a kauye,ko lardin,ko babban birnin kasar,akwai taron kananan hukumomin da mai mulki - ko mai mulki,ko gwamna,ko mai mulki - ya kamata ya yi la'akari,ko da yake ba ya daure ya bi shawararsu."

Majalisar  Sananniya ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin siyasa da dama da Faransawa suka kafa a Kamaru a mulkin mallaka tsakanin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya da na biyu.Kowanne daga cikin yankuna tara na mulkin mallaka yana da majalisarsa.Waɗannan ƙananan hukumomin sun ƙunshi mutanen da Faran sawa ke ɗauka a matsayin jiga-jigan yankin.Kwamishinan ‘yan mulkin mallaka ya zabi mambobin kowace majalisa daga jerin sunayen da jami’an yankin suka kawo.

Ta hanyar kafa waɗannan ƙungiyoyin,mulkin mallaka na fatan yin mulki a wasu ƴan kishin ƙasa da 'yancin kai na Kamaru.An sa ran majalisun za su goyi bayan manufofin Faransa.Sauran ayyukan sun hada da zama mai alaka tsakanin gwamnati da jama’ar gari da fadakar da gwamnatin halin da ake ciki na ayyukan gida kamar karbar haraji da gina tituna da jirgin kasa. Haka zalika,'yan majalisar sun sami raguwar harajin da aka karɓa,keɓewa daga wasu wajibai,da kuma alawus na kula da gine-ginen hanya.
## Manazarta.
Tarayyar Kamaru

**Ƙungiyar Kamaru** (   )jam'iyyar da ke fafutukar samun 'yancin kai na kasar Kamaru ne da ke aiki a yankin Faransa na Kamaru .

Ahmadou Ahidjo ne ya kafa UC a 1958 lokacin da ya balle daga André-Marie Mbida da Bloc Democratique Camerounaise .A karkashin Ahidjo,UC ta shirya yin aiki tare da Faransanci don cimma burinta na haɗin kai,Kamaru mai cin gashin kanta.

## Tarihi
An kafa ta ne daga wata kawance a majalisar dokoki tsakanin jiga-jigan siyasa daga tsakiya da kudancin kasar nan da kuma jiga-jigan Fulani Fulani,jam'iyyar UC ta zama babbar jam'iyyar bayan samun yancin kai.Da farko dai jam'iyyar ta samu rinjaye ne kawai a zaben bayan samun 'yancin kai wanda kuma kawancen hadin gwiwa ya tilastawa jam'iyyar mulki.Duk da haka,a shekara ta 1963 jam'iyyar UC ta mamaye abokan haɗin gwiwarta kuma ita ce mafi rinjaye. Hakika,a zaben 'yan majalisa na 1964 jam'iyyar UC ta samu kashi 98% na kuri'un da aka kada a gabashin Kamaru yayin da a zaben shugaban kasa na 1965 Ahidjo ya samu kashi 99.95% na kuri'un a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar UC- Kamerun National Democratic Party (KNDP). am'iyyar ta mamaye harkokin siyasa a kasar Kamaru har zuwa 1966 lokacin da ta hade da KNDP ta zama Tarayyar Kamaru, jam'iyyar gwamnati daya.
Nike communiti

**Al'ummar Nike**, a Enugu ta Gabashi, Jihar Enugu Nigeria. Tana da iyaka da Nsukka, Ebonyi da Enugu ta Arewa kuma tana daya daga cikin manyan shiyyoyin jihar, wanda ke dauke da wuraren yawon bude ido da wuraren kasuwanci, ciki har da otal-otal na Nikelake. Al'ummar na karkashin jagorancin masarautar Mai Martaba Sarki, IGWE. NNAJI. Yankin ya ƙunshi kauyuka ashirin da huɗu. Suna karkashin ikon Enugu Gabashin jihar Enugu, Najeriya.

Legend ya yi iƙirarin cewa Nike yana da alaƙa da Egede da Affa kuma an ɗauka cewa sun fito ne daga uwa ɗaya, Ugwunye. Ugwunye an ce mace ce kyakkyawa ta auri allahn Awuwa. Ugwunye ta haifi Anike a Nike, ta bar Awuwa ta auri Ukwu. Sannan ta haifi Egede sannan ta auri Eze Achala Ukwu. Hakan ya sa aka haihu a Ikolo wanda akasa masa suna Affa. Daga ruwayar, Anike Nwa Awuwa, dan Awuwa ne da Ugwunye. Ya faru ne Anike ya auri Aho-Ojoma, wani abin bauta a Nokpa. Sun haifi 'ya'ya 11; Ibagwa shi ne babba.

Ogui Nike wani yanki ne na Al'ummar Nike. Wadancan mazaunan an yi zargin zuriyar ‘yan gudun hijira ne daga daya daga cikin kauyukan Plateau Udi. An yi imanin cewa sun tashi daga Akegbe ne suka sauka a Ugwueke, don taimakawa Nike a yakin da ta yi da Okpatu. 

Sanata Gilbert Emeka Nnaji fitaccen ɗa ne kuma dan siyasa mai wakiltar yankin Enugu ta Gabas da kuma Nike a zauren majalisar dattawan Najeriya.

## Manazarta
Faransa Kamaru Franc

**Faran** shi ne kudin Kamarun Faransa .An raba shi zuwa santimita 100 kuma yana daidai da ƙimar Faransanci.

## Tarihi
Bayan mamayar gabashin Kamaru da sojojin Faransa suka yi,an fara amfani da kudin Faransa a matsayin kudin da zai maye gurbin alamar Jamus .An ƙara wannan daga 1922 ta hanyar al'amuran gida na kuɗin takarda da tsabar kuɗi na gida daga 1924.A cikin 1958,an ba da tsabar kuɗin Faransa Equatorial Afirka tare da sunan "Cameroun"da aka ƙara a cikin almara.Tun daga wannan lokacin,CFA franc na Equatorial,sannan Kasashen Afirka ta Tsakiya ke yaduwa,na farko a cikin Kamarun Faransa,sannan duka Kamaru bayan hadewa da Burtaniya ta Kudancin Kamaru.

## Tsabar kudi
A cikin 1924,an gabatar da aluminium-tagulla santimita 50,1 da 2 francs tsabar kudi kuma an buga su har zuwa 1926.Waɗannan su ne kawai tsabar kudi da aka bayar har zuwa 1943,lokacin da Faransanci na Kyauta ya ba da tagulla santimita 50 da franc 1.Aluminum 1 da 2 francs an bayar da su a cikin 1948.(Wannan yana buƙatar gyara. Kameru 25 tsabar kudi Franc suna wanzu)

Tun lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da CFA franc,Kamaru ta ba da franc 50 a cikin 1960,franc 100 tun 1966 da franc 500 tun 1985.

## Bayanan banki
A cikin 1922,gwamnati ta ba da santimita 50 da kuma kuɗin franc1. Waɗannan su ne kawai bayanan kula da aka bayar musamman don Kamarun Faransa.

A cikin 1961,Babban Bankin ya ba da bayanin kula a cikin nau'ikan 1000 da 5000 francs,sannan a cikin 1962 ta 100,500 da 10,000.Daga shekarar 1974,Bankin kasashen Afirka ta Tsakiya ya fitar da takardar kudi da sunan Kamaru.
Jaridar Nigeria Gazette

***Jaridar Nigeria Gazette*** ita ce jaridar gwamnati ta Mallaka da Kare Najeriya. An buga shi a Legas tsakanin 1914 zuwa 1954.

Jaridar ta maye gurbin *[[Northern Nigeria Gazette|Arewacin Najeriya]]* da *[[Jaridar Gwamnatin Kudancin Najeriya|Gazette na Gwamnatin Kudancin Najeriya]]* sannan kuma taco GABA da*[[Gazette na Tarayyar Najeriya|Hukumar Gazette ta Tarayyar Najeriya]]* ta ci gaba da aiki.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin jaridun mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya

## Nassoshi
Iga Idunganran

**Iga Idunganran** shine Hukumance na Oba na Lagos,dake a tsibirin Lagos .Har ila yau,wurin shakatawa ne.

## Tarihi
Tun daga karni na 15,asalin tsibirin Legas mallakar babban mazaunin tsibirin ne Cif Aromire,wani mai martaba Ile-Ife,wanda ya yi amfani da shi a matsayin wurin kamun kifi da barkono.An fara gina tsohuwar fadar a shekara ta 1670 don Oba Gabaro(1669-1760).Daga baya Turawan Portugal ne suka gyara ta, tare da kayan - musamman tayal - aka kawo daga Portugal.

An kammala ginin zamani na ginin a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1960 da Firayim Ministan Najeriya,Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa .Kwanan nan Obas Adeniji Adele II da Adeyinka Oyekan II suka sabunta ta,ta sami ƙarin zamani a 2007 da 2008 ta hanyar Oba na yanzu,Akiolu,tare da haɗin gwiwar gwamnatin jihar Legas da gidan tarihin Najeriya.

Iga Idunganran ya yi aiki a matsayin cibiyar gudanarwa,kasuwar tsibirin da wurin bikin Eyo.

## Samuwar suna
*IGA*,wanda aka samo daga harshen Yarbanci na Oyo/Ife *GAA* ma'ana Gidan sarauta ko Fada,*IDUN* yana nufin ƙasa,wuri ko *sautin* yayin da *IGANRAN* shine kalmar Yarbanci ga barkono.Don haka Iga Idunganran ya fassara zuwa "gidan da aka gina akan gonar barkono",Aromire ya yi amfani da filin a baya a matsayin gonarsa.

## Tsohon kaburbura

An binne dukkan Obas na Legas kafin Oba Akitoye a birnin Benin.Oba Akitoye shi ne Oba na Legas na farko da aka binne a cikin fadar zamani.Dukkan Obas na baya banda Sanusi Olusi da Kosoko an binne su a Iga Idunganran. 

## Tsofaffin wuraren ibada na Iga Idunganran
Akwai wuraren ibada da dama ga Orishas a cikin fadar.Waɗannan sun haɗa da:
Gidan Ruwa

Gidan James C. Flood babban gida ne na tarihi a 1000 California Street, a saman Nob Hill a San Francisco, California, Amurka. Yanzu gidan Pacific-Union Club, an gina shi a 1886 a matsayin gidan gari na James C. Flood, wani baron azurfa na karni na 19. Ginin farko ne na dutse a yammacin Kogin Mississippi, kuma shine kawai gidan da ke kan Nob Hill don tsira daga girgizar kasa da wuta ta San Francisco ta 1906. An ayyana shi a matsayin Tarihin Tarihi na Kasa a shekarar 1966.

## Bayyanawa da tarihi
Gidan Ambaliyar ya mamaye dukan birni a kan Nob Hill, wanda ke da iyaka da titunan California, Cushman, Mason, da Sacramento. An rufe toshe shi a bangarori uku ta hanyar shinge na tagulla da aka shigar a lokacin da aka gina gidan. Babban tsari ne na masonry, hawa uku a tsawo, an gama waje a cikin brownstone da aka yi a Portland, Connecticut kuma an tura shi a kusa da Cape Horn. Yana da cikakkiyar magana game da gine-ginen Classical Revival, tare da kusurwa, gefen rufin da aka rufe, da windows da aka tsara ta hanyar pilasters da kuma ƙayyadaddun ƙuƙwalwa. Babban ƙofar, da ke fuskantar titin California, an kare shi da wani shinge mai zurfi mai zurfi guda uku wanda ke tallafawa da ginshiƙan murabba'i.

James C. Flood ne ya gina gidan, wanda ya yi arzikinsa a ma'adinan azurfa na Nevada.  Abin da ya ba shi sha'awa ga ginin shi ne gine-ginen Gilded Age da ya gani a Gabashin Gabashin Amurka, don haka ya ba da izini ɗaya daga Archus Laver.  An kammala shi a cikin 1888, yana ɗaya daga cikin gidajensa har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1889, kuma 'yarsa ta mamaye lokacin da girgizar ƙasa da gobara ta tashi a 1906.  Ta sayar da harsashi na ginin ga kungiyar Pacific-Union Club, wacce tun farko ta yi tunanin rushe shi.  Ya ƙare ƙaddamar da Willis Polk don tsara gyare-gyare ciki har da bene na uku da sabon ciki.  Waɗannan gyare-gyaren sun haɗa da amfani da ƙarin dutse mai launin ruwan kasa, wanda aka tanadar da shi daga magudanar ruwa iri ɗaya da na asali.

Gidan shine kadai a Nob Hill wanda ya tsira daga girgizar kasa da wuta ta 1906; sauran gidajen da ke kan tudun an gina su da itace, tare da kammalawa wanda ya ba su bayyanar dutse, kuma an lalata su.
Gazette na Gwamnatin Kudancin Najeriya

***Jaridar Gwamnati ta Kare Kudancin Najeriya*** ita ce jaridar gwamnati ta kare Kudancin Najeriya. An buga jaridar a Old Calabar tsakanin 1900 zuwa 1906.

Kudancin Najeriya ya kasance wata matsuguni na Birtaniyya a yankunan gabar tekun Najeriyar a wannan zamani,wanda aka kafa a shekara ta 1900 daga hadin gwiwar yankin Neja Coast Protectorate tare da wasu yankuna da Kamfanin Royal Niger Company ya yi hayar a karkashin Lokoja a kan kogin Niger.

*[[Jaridar Gwamnatin Kudancin Najeriya|An cigaba daga Gwamnatin Kudancin Najeriya]]* ta ci gaba da aiki a lokacin da Kudancin Najeriya ta zama Mallaka da Kare Kudancin Najeriya a 1906.

## Manazarta
Jaridar Gwamnati (Lagos)

***Jaridar Gwamnati*** ita ce jaridar gwamnati ta Burtaniya ta yi wa mulkin mallaka a Legas.An buga shi tsakanin 1887 zuwa Afrilu 1906.

*An cigaba dagaGwamnatin Kudancin Najeriya* da aiki bayan an shigar da Legas a cikin yankin Kudancin Najeriya a cikin Fabrairu 1906.

* Jerin jaridun mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya

## Nassoshi
Majalisar Najeriya da Kamaru

**Majalisar kasa ta Najeriya da Kamaru (NCNC)**daga baya sun canza zuwa **taron kasa na 'yan Najeriya**,ajam'iyyar siyasa ce mai kishin kasata Najeriya daga 1944 zuwa 1966,a lokacin da aka samu 'yancin kai da kuma bayan samun 'yancin kai kai tsaye.

## Foundation
Herbert Macaulay ne ya kafa Majalisar Kasa ta Najeriya da Kamaru  a cikin 1944  Herbert Macaulay shine shugabanta na farko,ayayin da Azikiwe shine sakatare na farko.Jam’iyyar NCNC ta kunshi wasu jerin jam’iyyu masu kishin kasa,kungiyoyin al’adu,da kungiyoyin kwadago da suka hade suka kafa NCNC.Jam’iyyar a lokacin ita ce ta biyu da ta yi namijin kokari wajen samar da jam’iyya mai kishin kasa ta gaskiya.Ta rungumi kungiyoyi daban-daban tun daga na addini,zuwa na kabilanci da na kasuwanci in ban da wasu fitattun kungiyoyi irin su Egbe Omo Oduduwa da farkon kungiyar malamai ta Najeriya.Dokta Nnamdi Azikiwe ya zama shugabanta na 2da kuma Dakta MI Okpara,shugabanta na 3,lokacin da Dr.Azikiwe ya zama shugaban ‘yan asalin Nijeriya na farko.Ana dai kallon jam'iyyar a matsayin fitacciyar jam'iyyar siyasa ta uku da aka kafa a Najeriya bayan wata jam'iyyar da ke Legas,wato Nigerian National Democratic Party da kuma Nigerian Youth Movement da Farfesa Eyo Ita ya kafa wanda ya zama mataimakin shugaban NCNC na kasa kafin ya fice daga jam'iyyar zuwa jam'iyyar.kafa jam'iyyarsa ta siyasa mai suna National Independence Party .

NCNC na da alaka da Igbo. 

## Kafin samun 'yancin kai
Gwajin farko na jam’iyyar ya zo ne a zaben 1951.Jam'iyyar ta samu rinjayen kuri'u a yankin Gabashin Najeriya amma ta zama 'yan adawa a yankin yammacin kasar inda Azikiwe ya zama shugaban 'yan adawar da ke wakiltar Legas. Duk da cewa jam’iyyar Action Group (AG) ta samu kuri’u da dama a zaben,amma hasashenta bai tabbata ba domin jam’iyyar NCNC za ta iya samun rinjaye idan har ta samu nasarar shawo kan jam’iyya ta uku wadda jam’iyyar ce ta al’ummar Ibadan,wadda kuma ta kasance jam’iyyar.Jam’iyyar NCNC ke kallonta a matsayin abokiyar kawancenta,don tallafa mata.Hakan kuwa bai samu ba,don haka ne AG ta kafa gwamnati bisa zargin tsallakawa da kafet da Azikiwe da NCNC dinsa suka yi.Har yanzu dai wasu masana tarihi na kallon wannan taron a matsayin farkon siyasar kabilanci a Najeriya.Daga baya Azikiwe ya zama Firimiyan Yankin Gabas, Najeriya a 1954.
Jerin sunayen shuwagabannin gwamnatocin Biritaniya Kamaru

Wannan sune **Jerin Sunayen Shugabannin Gwamnatin Kamaru na Burtaniya**

## Alaka

## Duba kuma

* Kamaru
** Siyasar Kamaru
** Shugabannin kasashen Kamaru
** Shugabannin gwamnatin Kamaru
** Shugabannin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya Kamaru (Cameroons)
** Shugabannin Kamaru masu mulkin mallaka na Faransa (Cameroun)
** Shugabannin gwamnatin Kamaru na Faransa (Cameroun)
** Shugabannin Kamaru na mulkin mallaka na Jamus (Kamerun)
** Shugabannin mulkin mallaka na Ambas Bay (Victoria Colony)
* Jerin masu rike da ofis
Yarjejeniya da ƙa'ida akan Hukumar Tashar jiragen ruwa ta ƙasa da ƙasa

**Yarjejeniya da ka'ida kan Hukumar Tashar jiragen ruwa ta kasa da kasa** yarjejeniya ce ta 1923 ta League of Nations wadda kasashe masu tashar jiragen ruwa suka amince su rika kula da jiragen ruwa daidai,ba tare da la'akari da asalin kasar ba.

An kammala yarjejeniyar tun lokacin a Geneva a ranar 9 ga Disamba 1923 kuma ta fara aiki a ranar 26 ga Yuli 1926.Jihohin da suka amince da yarjejeniyar sun amince da baiwa dukkan jiragen ruwa ‘yancin shiga tashoshin ruwa da kuma daina nuna bambanci ga jiragen ruwa bisa tutar tekun da jirgin ke tashi.Yarjejeniyar ta ci gaba da aiki da nau'ikan tushen tsammanin a dokar kasa da kasa na daidaita daidaito a tashoshin ruwa na ruwa.

An gudanar da Yarjejeniya kwanan nan a cikin 2001,dagaSaint Vincent da Grenadines.Tailandia ta amince da Yarjejeniyar a 1925 amma ta yi Allah wadai  a cikin 1973.

## Manazarta
Opi (shafin archaeological)

**Opi** al'umma ce a jihar Enugu dake kudu maso gabashin Najeriya.Kabilar Igbo ce ke da mazauna kuma tana cikin yankin Nsukka.sannan tana da wurin tarihi na wanda ya ƙunshi tanderun narkewar baƙin ƙarfe da slag mai kwanan wata zuwa 750 BC.An narkar da taman ƙarfe a cikin tanderu na halitta kuma narkakkar da aka zubar ta hanyar magudanar ruwa don tattara ramuka masu girma da yawa masu nauyin kilo 47. An ka ida yanayin zafin aiki ya bambanta tsakanin 1,155 da 1,450 °C.  

## Nassoshi
Saint-Domingue

**Saint-Domingue**(French pronunciation: ​ sɛ̃.dɔ.mɛ̃ɡ] )wani mulkin mallaka ne na Faransa a yammacin tsibirin Hispaniola na Caribbean,a yankin Haiti na zamani,daga 1659 zuwa 1804.Sunan ya samo asali ne daga babban birni na Sipaniya a tsibirin,Santo Domingo,wanda ya zo don magana ta musamman ga Janar Kyaftin na Spain na Santo Domingo,yanzu Jamhuriyar Dominican.Iyakokin da ke tsakanin su biyun sun kasance mai ruwa kuma sun canza a tsawon lokaci har sai sun sami ƙarfi a cikin Yaƙin Dominican Independence a 1844.

Faransawa sun kafa kansu a yammacin tsibirin Hispaniola da Tortuga ta 1659.A cikin yarjejeniyar Ryswick na 1697,Spain ta amince da ikon Faransanci na tsibirin Tortuga da yammacin uku na tsibirin Hispaniola.A cikin 1791,bayi da wasu Dominican Creoles sun shiga cikin bikin Vodou a Bois Caïman kuma sun shirya juyin juya halin Haiti.Tawayen bawan daga baya ya yi kawance da sojojin Faransa na Republican bayan kawar da bautar da aka yi a cikin mulkin mallaka a shekara ta 1793,ko da yake wannan ya saɓa wa manyan rukunin mallakar bayi na tsibirin.Faransa ta mallaki dukkanin Hispaniola daga 1795 zuwa 1802,lokacin da aka sake tayar da tawaye.Sojojin Faransa na ƙarshe sun janye daga yammacin tsibirin a ƙarshen 1803, kuma daga baya yankin ya ayyana 'yancin kai a matsayin Haiti, sunan Taino Indiya ga tsibirin,a shekara mai zuwa.

## Dubawa
Spain ta mallaki dukkan tsibirin Hispaniola tun daga shekarun 1490 zuwa karni na 17,lokacin da 'yan fashin teku na Faransa suka fara kafa sansani a yammacin tsibirin. Sunan hukuma shine *La Española*,ma'ana "Spanish (tsibirin)".An kuma kira shi *Santo Domingo*,bayan Saint Dominic.

## Manazarta￼￼
Ikom monoliths

**Ikom monoliths** jerin tsaunuka ne masu aman wuta daga yankin Ikom,jihar Cross River,Nigeria.Mai yiyuwa ne Ejagham ya zana monolith a kusa da 200 CE.

## Bayani
Adadin su kusan 300 a dunkule,suna da tsayi tsakanin mita 0.3 zuwa 1.8 (1 da 6 feet),kuma an shimfida su a wasu da'irori 30 da ke kewayen Alok a yankin Ikom na jihar Kuros Riba. Abubuwan monoliths suna da nau'i na phallic kuma wasu fasalulluka masu salo da kuma salon ado da rubutu.Ko da yake ba a fayyace abubuwan sassaka ba,masu bincike da masana ilimin harshe sun yi imanin cewa rubutun na iya wakiltar wani nau'i na rubutu da sadarwa ta gani.

## Hadarin kiyayewa
Fuskantar matsanancin yanayi ya sanya waɗannan monoliths cikin haɗarin zaizayewa da lalacewa.Mabiyan monolith kuma suna cikin yankin da mutanen da ke kusa ba sa ganin kimarsu a matsayin wuraren yawon bude ido.An saka su cikin jerin wuraren da ke cikin haɗari na Asusun Tunawa na Duniya a cikin 2008.A cikin 2020,Hukumar Kwastam da Kariya ta Amurka ta gano Ikom monoliths a Filin jirgin saman Miami na kasa da kasa a karkashin takardun bogi. Za a dawo da kayan tarihi [ bukatun sabuntawa ] zuwa Kamaru ( Nijeriya ).

## Tarin kayan tarihi
 
Ana iya samun misalin matsakaicin girman Ikom monolith mai siffar fuskar mutum a cikin tarin kayan tarihi na Biritaniya.

## Manazarta
Oban Hills

**Dutsen Oban** tuddai ne na tsaunuka a jihar Kuros Riba ta Najeriya.Suna kwance ne a sashin tsaunin Oban na dajin Cross River.

## Geography
Tsaunukan suna da kauri, suna tashi daga  acikin kwarurukan kogin zuwa sama da a cikin tsaunuka.Ƙasar tana da matukar rauni ga leaching da zaizayar ƙasa inda aka cire murfin shuka.Daminar damina na daga watan Maris zuwa Nuwamba,inda ake samun ruwan sama sama da 3,500 a shekara&nbsp;mm.

Kogin Kuros Riba da magudanan da ke cikinsa ne ya matse yankin Arewa. Kogunan Calabar,Kwa da Korup ne ke yashe sassan kudancin kasar.

## Amfanin ƙasa
Dutsen Oban,wanda ya samo sunan su daga karamin garin Oban zuwa kudu,yana dauke da yanki mafi girma na dajin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba a Najeriya.Mai yiyuwa ne cewa a wani lokaci yankin ya kasance gida ga mutane da yawa,watakila an lalatar da su saboda kusancinsa da cibiyar kasuwancin bayi na Calabar,kuma dajin na iya zama ci gaban kwanan nan.Wani rahoto na 1988 ya nuna cewa sauran facin dazuzzukan da ke kan gangaren tsaunuka ana shiga da su don yin sare da noma.Ana farautar primates irin su guenon Preuss don neman nama.An mayar da gandun dajin Oban Hills wani yanki na dajin Cross River a shekarar 1991.

## Manazarta
Osun-Osogbo

**Osun-Osogbo** wani tsattsarka tsattsarka ne da ke gefen kogin Osun kusa da birnin Osogbo na jihar Osun ta Najeriya.

Kurmin Osun-Osogbo, yana da shekaru aru-aru da yawakuma yana daga cikin dazuzzukan dazuzzukan na karshe wadanda suka taba hade da mafi yawan garuruwan Yarabawa kafin a mamaye birane.Don fahimtar mahimmancinsa na duniya da kimar al'adunsa,an rubuta Tsararriyar Grove a matsayin Cibiyar Tarihi ta UNESCO a cikin 2005.

A shekarun 1950s sun shaida yadda aka wulakanta kurmin Osun-Osogbo:an yi watsi da wuraren ibada kuma firistoci sun yi watsi da kurmin saboda ayyukan al'ada da takunkumin ya raunana.Ayyukan da aka haramta kamar kamun kifi,farauta da faɗuwar bishiyoyi a cikin Grove an yi su ba tare da nuna bambanci ba har sai wata 'yar Ostiriya mai suna Susanne Wenger (1915-2009) ta taimaka wajen dawo da kariyar gargajiya.

Tare da goyon baya da ƙarfafawa daga Ataoja (sarkin sarki na lokacin)da kuma goyon bayan mutanen yankin da abin ya shafa.Wenger "ya kafa sabuwar kungiyar fasaha ta zamani don kalubalantar masu kishin kasa,korar mafarauta,kare wuraren ibada da kuma fara dogon aiki na dawo da wurin mai tsarki ta hanyar sake kafa shi,a matsayin zuciyar Osogbo".Daga baya Wenger ya samu lambar yabo mai suna "Adunni Olorisha"saboda kokarin da take yi na tsarewa da kuma sadaukar da kai ga alloli na kurmi.A yau,kogin Osun ya gurbace sakamakon ayyukan hakar ma’adinai na gagarabadau ba tare da ka’ida ba a garin Ilesha da ke kusa.

## Bikin Osun-Osogbo

Tun daga wannan shekarar ne ake gudanar da bikin Osun-Osogbo a watan Agusta a gidan gona.Bikin dai ya samu halartar dubban masu ibadar Osun da ’yan kallo da masu yawon bude ido daga sassan duniya.

### Tarihin Bikin

An yi imanin cewa bikin Osun-Osogbo yana da tarihin fiye da shekaru 700.A tarihi,abin da ya faru na kakanni ya kai ga bikin wannan biki.A wani lokaci wasu ’yan ci-rani da wani babban mafarauci mai suna Olutimehin ya jagoranta suka sauka a gabar kogin Osun domin ceto kansu daga yunwa. A gefen kogin, wata baiwar Allah mai suna Yeye Osun,ta fito daga ruwan da ke gaban Olutimehin,ta kuma bukace shi da ya jagoranci mutane zuwa wani wuri na musamman (garin Osogbo a yau).Ita dai wannan baiwar Allah ta yi alkawarin kare kungiyar da kuma kawo musu ci gaba a matsayin sadaukarwar shekara da ake yi mata.Kungiyar ta amince da wannan shawara,kuma a yau ana bikin sadaukarwar da ake yi wa baiwar Allah kogin Osun a matsayin bikin Osun-Osogbo.

## Manazarta
Sukur

Tsarin Al'adu na **Sukur** ko Sukur Gidan Tarihi ne na UNESCO wanda ke kan wani tudu da ke saman ƙauyen *Sukur* a Jihar Adamawa ta Najeriya.Tana cikin tsaunin Mandara,kusa da kan iyaka da Kamaru. Rubutunta na UNESCO ya dogara ne akan abubuwan al'adun gargajiya,al'adun kayan tarihi,da filayen da ke da ƙasa.Sukur ita ce shimfidar al'adu ta farko a Afirka da ta karɓi rubutun Jerin abubuwan tarihi na duniya.

## Etymology
'Sukur' yana nufin "ramuwar gayya" a cikin harsunan Margi da Libi. Har ila yau,yana nufin "fada" a harshen Bura da ya faru a tsakanin mutanen Sukur.

## Tarihi

An kafa kayan tarihi na zamanin ƙarfe da aka samo a cikin nau'ikan tanderu,tama,da dutsen niƙa a wurin don kasancewa kafin Sukur.Hakanan akwai wasu abubuwan da aka samo daga lokacin neolithic.Tarihin kwanan nan ya samo asali ne daga daular Dur na karni na 17.Dur ya kafa yankin ne a matsayin babban mai samar da albarkatun da ake kera ta ƙarfe zuwa arewa maso gabashin Najeriya;an ci gaba da wannan har zuwa shekaru goma na farko na karni na 20.Daga 1912 zuwa 1922 Sukur ya sha fama da mamayar Hamman Yaje,Fulbe Lamido (shugaban)na Madagali.Waɗannan yaƙe-yaƙe sun haifar da raguwar narkewar ƙarfe har zuwa 1960,lokacin da mutane ke ƙaura zuwa filayen da ke arewa da kudancin Sukur.Turawan Ingila da suka yi wa yankin mulkin mallaka daga 1927 ba su da wani bambanci ga salon al'adun wannan matsuguni.Nic David da Judy Sterner sun tattara bayanan rukunin yanar gizon da ba a san su ba kuma ana harhada wasu wallafe-wallafe da yawa don sanar da wannan rukunin ga duniyar waje.

Rubutunta na UNESCO,wanda aka yi a ƙarƙashin Ma'auni na iii,v da vi a cikin 1999,ya dogara ne akan abubuwan al'adun gargajiya na gidan sarauta na Hidi da ƙauyen,al'adun kayan aiki,da filayen filaye na halitta,waɗanda ke cikin yanayin da ba su da kyau.An kawo waɗannan abubuwan a cikin ambaton wanda ya bayyana shi a matsayin "Tsarin al'adun Sukur shaida ce mai ƙarfi ga al'ada mai ƙarfi da ci gaba da ta dawwama shekaru da yawa."Sukur yana daya daga cikin wuraren tarihi na UNESCO guda biyu na kasar.

## Manazarta
Lloyd Gwam

**Lloyd Chike Gwam (LC Gwam)**(23 ga Yuni,1924 – 1 ga Yuli,1965)masanin tarihin Najeriya ne kuma Darakta na tarihin Najeriya a Ibadan.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi LC Gwam ranar 23 ga watan Yuni,1924,ga Cif GW Gwam da Celine Adaukpo Gwam a lokacin Gabashin Najeriya.

Ya halarci Makarantar Gwamnati Asaba da Edo College inda ya yi karatun firamare.Don karatun sakandare,ya halarci Makarantar Grammar Dennis Memorial,Onitsha.Ya kammala karatunsa a Kwalejin Jami’ar Ibadan(yanzu Jami’ar Ibadan)a shekarar 1956 da digiri na farko a fannin tarihi.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Gwam ya auri Esther Shola Garrick a shekarar 1957 kuma ma’auratan sun haifi ‘ya’ya hudu.

## Sana'a
Gwam ya shiga aikin farar hula na Najeriya a shekarar 1945 kuma ya yi ayyuka da dama:Mashawarcin Fasaha ga Babban Ofishin Jakadancin Najeriya a taron gwamnatocin kasa da kasa a UNESCO,Paris kan kiyaye kadarorin al'adu a yayin rikicin makamai,mashawarcin fasaha na majalisar kasa da kasa. of Archives (Geneva,1963),kuma ya gaji Kenneth Dike a matsayin Darakta a Archives na Tarayyar Najeriya daga ranar 1 ga Afrilu,1964,har zuwa rasuwarsa ranar 1 ga Yuli,1965.Gwam ya samu yabo daga gwamnatin Najeriya a 1964.Masanin tarihi Harry A.Gailey ya lura cewa Gwam ya taka rawar gani wajen sauya ra'ayinsa game da nasarorin da Lord Lugard ya samu a matsayin shugaban soji, jami'in diflomasiyya,kuma mai gudanarwa.Gailey ya kuma nuna cewa Gwam na gab da rubuta wani sharhi mai mahimmanci "bayyana manufofin Lugard na kuskure kamar yadda ya shafi Yammacin Najeriya" kafin rasuwarsa a watan Yuli 1965.

## Labarai
Littattafan Lloyd Gwam sun haɗa da:

## Manazarta
Taskar Tarihi ta Najeriya

**Taskar tarihin Najeriya,** tana da hedikwata a Abuja,Najeriya,tana da rassa a Enugu,Ibadan, da Kaduna.Tun daga shekarar 2017,Daraktan Archive na yanzu shine Mista Danjuma Damring Fer.

## Tarihi
Farfesa Kenneth Onwuka Dike ya yi bincike a kan bayanan jama'a a Najeriya daga shekara ta 1951 zuwa shekara ta 1953.Dangane da abin da aka samo,ya ba da shawarar samun ofishin rikodin jama'a. Wannan ya kai ga kafa ofishin rikodi na Najeriya a ranar 1 ga Afrilu,1954.A shekara ta 1957,an kafa Dokar Taskokin Jama'a mai lamba 43 kuma ta fara aiki a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba, shekara ta 1957.Ya canza sunan rumbun adana bayanai ya zama Taskokin Taskokin Kasa na Najeriya.

Gidan tarihin yana nan a Jami'ar Ibadan har zuwa shekara ta 1958.

Gwamnatin Tarayya ta ba da fam 51,000 don ƙirƙirar ginin dindindin na farko a Ibadan a cikin Shirin Tattalin Arziki na Farko,1955-60.An buɗe wannan ginin a ranar 9 ga Janairu,shekara ta 1959.

## Manazarta
Ogbunike Caves

**Kogon Ogbunike** yana cikin Ogbunike,jihar Anambra,kudu maso gabashin Najeriya.

## Bayanin rukunin yanar gizon
Ana cikin wani kwari da ke lullube da dazuzzukan ruwan sama na wurare masu zafi,tarin kogon da aka yi amfani da shi tsawon shekaru aru-aru da mutanen yankin da suke da mahimmanci na ruhaniya don su.Wannan ma’ana ta ruhaniya har yanzu a bayyane take,domin ana gudanar da bikin “Ime Ogba” duk shekara domin tunawa da gano kogon.

Saukowa cikin kwarin da kogon suke,wata doguwar tafiya ce da ta kunshi matakai kusan 317 da aka ce gwamnatin jihar Anambra ta gina a tsakiyar shekarun 90s. Masu ziyara dole ne su cire takalmansu kafin su shiga cikin kogo,kamar yadda ya saba.

Babban kogon ya kunshi katafaren gini mai katon budadden dakin da ya kai tsayin mita 5, fadinsa mita 10 da tsayin mita 30 a kofar shiga. Akwai ramuka guda goma a babban ɗakin da ke kaiwa ga kwatance daban-daban. A cikin ramukan akwai manyan dakuna da sauran ramuka masu tsayi daban-daban,wasu daga cikinsu suna da alaƙa. An mamaye kogon da wani babban yanki na jemagu masu girma dabam dabam.Akwai rafuka da ruwa a wurare daban-daban.Rafi yana gudana daga ɗaya daga cikin ramukan zuwa cikin kogin da ke gudana cikin sauri (Kogin Nkissa). A wurin taron kogin da rafi ana iya jin ruwan dumi daga cikin kogo da ruwan kogi mai sanyi. A gefen wannan yanki na kogin akwai ƙasar tebur mai faɗin murabba'in murabba'i 5 x 5 da maziyartan kogon suka yi amfani da shi azaman wurin shakatawa. Wurin da ke kusa da kogon ya kai kimanin mita 200 radius wani nau'in ciyayi ne mai kauri mai kauri. Wurin yana da isassun iyakoki (kadada 20) don kare kimarsa daga tasirin ƙetare kai tsaye na ɗan adam.

## Manazarta
Tsohon wurin shakatawa na Kasa, Oyo

**Tsohuwar dajin Oyo** Daya ne daga cikin gandun dajin na Najeriya,dake fadin arewacin jihar Oyo da kudancin jihar Kwara,Najeriya.Wurin shakatawa shine 2,512&nbsp;kilomita 2 a arewacin jihar Oyo,kudu maso yammacin Najeriya,a latitude 8° 15' da 9° 00'N da longitude 3° 35' da 4° 42' E.Babu makawa wurin ya sanya wurin shakatawa a wani wuri mai tsayi.matsayi na ɗimbin yanki da namun daji iri-iri da na al'adu/tsari.Kananan hukumomi goma sha daya daga cikinsu goma sun fada cikin jihar Oyo daya kuma a jihar Kwara sun kewaye ta.Babban Ofishin Gudanarwa yana cikin Oyo,Unguwar Isokun tare da titin Oyo-Iseyin,inda za a iya yin bayanan da suka dace.Tsarin shimfidar wuri da tsarar wuri a cikin babban filin ya sanya wurin ya zama abin sha'awa ga jama'a.Yana da wadata a albarkatun shuka da na dabbobi da suka haɗa da buffaloes,bushbuck da tsuntsaye iri-iri.Ana samun sauƙin shiga dajin daga kudu maso yamma da arewa maso yammacin Najeriya.Garuruwa da garuruwan da ke kusa da tsohon dajin Oyo sun hada da Saki,Iseyin, Igboho,Sepeteri,Tede, Kishi,da Igbeti,wadanda ke da nasu wuraren kasuwanci da al'adu na yawon bude ido.

## Tarihi
Gidan shakatawa ya samo sunansa daga Oyo-lle (Tsohuwar Oyo),tsohuwar hedkwatar siyasa ta Oyo Empire ta kabilar Yarbawa,kuma tana dauke da rugujewar wannan birni. Gidan shakatawa na kasa ya samo asali ne a cikin gandun daji guda biyu na farko,Upper Ogun da aka kafa a 1936 da Oyo-lle da aka kafa a 1941.An canza waɗannan zuwa wuraren ajiyar wasa a cikin 1952,sannan a haɗa su kuma an haɓaka su zuwa matsayin wurin shakatawa na ƙasa a halin yanzu.

Ya zuwa shekarar 2022,rahoton ya nuna cewa duk da yawon bude ido na yau da kullun da kuma dokokin kariya,wurin shakatawa yana fuskantar barazana saboda farauta da saren daji baya ga mamayewar makiyaya.Duk da cewa farautar farautar ta ragu tun farkon shekarun 2000,har yanzu kiwo ya ci gaba da zama matsala ga kungiyoyin Miyetti Allah da suka yarda cewa kiwo ba bisa ka'ida ba lamari ne mai muhimmanci da ke fuskantar dajin,amma da'awar yawancin makiyayan yankin ba su san ainihin wurin dajin ba ko kuma muhimmancinsa.Bugu da kari,mai kula da muhalli Eme Okang ya bayyana cewa sauyin yanayi ya kuma tura makiyaya kudu da wurin dajin.A shekara mai zuwa,an samu kame jama'a da yawa na masu hakar ma'adinai da makiyaya ba bisa ka'ida ba baya ga mafarauta a lokacin ayyukan tsaro.

## Manazarta
'Abd ar-Rahman bin Muhammad al-Amin

**Abd ar-Rahman**,**Abdurrahman** ko **Darman** shi ne *Shehun* (Borno) daga 1853 zuwa 1854.

## Mulkin Shehu Abdurrahman al-Kanemi

Tare da taimakon wasu waziran Kukawa Abdurrahman ya yiwa dan uwansa Shehu Umar juyin mulki a watan Nuwamba 1853, kuma ya zama Shehun Borno. Wasu daga cikin mabiyansa sun dauke shi mutum ne mai zafi da rashin hakuri wanda hakan ne dalilin yin sa sarauta na tsawon watanni goma kacal kafin dan uwansa Shehu Umar ya sake cin karagarsa a watan Satumba na 1854.Daga nan aka kashe shi, a watan Disamba ta shekarar 1854.

## 'Abd ar-Rahman kamar yadda Heinrich Barth ya gani
A shekara ta 1851,wani balaguro na Ingila karkashin jagorancin Heinrich Barth ya isa Borno.Ga Barth,' **Abd ar-Rahman** ya kasance:

## Manazarta
Umar Ibn Muhammad na Borno

**Shehu Umar Ibn Muhammad** wanda aka fi sani da **Shehu Sanda Kyarimi**,CBE,CMG,KBE,shi ne Shehun Dikwa a tsakanin shekara ta alif dubu daya da dari tara da Ashirin da biyu 1922 zuwa 1937 da Shehun Borno daga shekarar alif 1937 zuwa 1967.

## Mulki
**Shehu Umar Ibn Muhammad** (dan Shehu Kyari na Borno ) wanda aka fi sani da **Shehu Sanda Kyarimi**,shi ne Shehun Dikwa a tsakanin 1922 zuwa 1937 da Shehun Borno daga 1937 zuwa 1967.A 1955,ya halarci babbar durbar a Kaduna a ziyarar Elizabeth ta biyu .A shekarar ne ya tafi aikin hajji a Makka.

## Kayan ado
A cikin 1943, an nada shi CBE (Kwamandan Tsarin Mulkin Burtaniya),akan nadin Bernard Henry Bourdillon . A cikin 1949,an nada shi CMG (Mai haɗin kan Order of Saint Michael da Saint George),bisa shawarar kwamishinan Patterson.Daga karshe,a shekarar 1960,gwamnan Arewacin Najeriya,Gawain Bell ya ba shi shawarar a nada shi a matsayin Kwamandan Kwamandan Daular Burtaniya,har ya zama Sir Umar.

## Manazarta
Mitotane

**Mitotane**, wanda aka sayar a gwagwala ƙarƙashin sunan alamar **Lysodren** da gwagwala sauransu, magani ne da ake amfani dashi don magance ciwon daji na adrenocortical da Cushing's syndrome .  Baki ake dauka.  A lokacin jiyya ana buƙatar corticosteroids sau da gwagwala yawa. 

Abubuwan da aka saba da su sun haɗa da gwagwala asarar ci, tashin zuciya, gudawa, bacci, da kurji.  Sauran rikice-rikice na iya gwagwala haɗawa da zubar da jini daga ciwon daji, lalacewar kwakwalwa, da rashin wadatar adrenal .  Amfani yayin daukar ciki na iya cutar da jariri.  Yana aiki ta hanyar gwagwala toshe adrenal cortex . 

An gabatar da Mitotane don amfanin likita a cikin shekara 1960.  A cikin United Kingdom 100 allunan 0.5 MG suna kashe NHS kusan £ 590 kamar na shekarar 2021.  Wannan adadin a Amurka shine kusan 1,100 USD. 

## Manazarta
Lactitol

**Lactitol** shine barasa mai sukari da laxative .  A matsayin maganin laxative ana amfani dashi don maƙarƙashiya na yau da kullun na dalilin da ba a sani ba .  Ana shan ta da baki.  Hakanan ana amfani dashi azaman mai maye gurbin a cikin abinci maras kalori . 

Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na yau da kullun sun haɗa da flatulence, gudawa, ɓacin rai na ciki, da ƙarar hawan jini.  Yana da laxative osmotic kuma yana aiki ta hanyar ja ruwa zuwa cikin ƙananan hanji .  Yana da  kusan kashi 30-40% na zaƙi na sucrose . 

An fara bayanin Lactitol a cikin shekarar 1920 ta Senderens.  An yarda da shi don amfani da magani a cikin Amurka a cikin shekarar  2020.  An amince da shi gabaɗaya a matsayin mai aminci a cikin Amurka kuma an ba shi izinin zama mai zaki a Turai.  A kasuwanci an sayar da shi akan kusan USD 2.5 a kowace kilogiram a shekarar 2009.  An yi shi daga lactose . 

## Manazarta
Ila Orangun

**Ìlá Òràngún** (ko **Ila** )tsohon birni ne a jihar Osun,Najeriya, wanda ya kasance babban birnin tsohuwar jihar birni mai suna a yankin Igbomina na ƙasar Yarbawa a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya.Ìlá Òràngún ita ce birni mafi yawan jama'a (kuma 'yar'uwa-mulki)na Òkè-Ilá Òràngún,mai nisan mil 7.5 (12)&nbsp;km)zuwa arewa maso gabas.Latitude da longitude coordinates na Ila Orangun sune 8.019116 da 4.901962 bi da bi.Bisa ga bayanin da aka samu daga GeoNames geographical database,yawan mutanen Ila Orangun a jihar Osun,Najeriya sun kai 179,192.

Hedikwatar karamar hukumar Ila ce .Baya ga Ila Orangun,sauran garuruwa da kauyukan karamar hukumar Ila sun hada da Abalagemo,Aba Ododo,Ajaba,Alagbede,Ayetoro Obaaro,Edemosi,Ejigbo-Orangun, Gaa Fulani,Oyi Ayegunle da dai sauransu.

Mutanen Ila suna magana da yare na musamman na harshen Yarbanci mai suna Igbomina (ko Igbonna).Sana'ar gargajiya ta ƴan asalin garin ita ce ta shafan dabino.Wannan sana’a an yi nuni da ita a cikin daya daga cikin fitattun wakoki da maganganu na gama gari game da garin Ila. Karin maganar  na nufin "Ila ba shi da wani magani na musamman ko wani shiri na sihiri sai dabino".Wakar jama’a kuma tana cewa ,wadda ke fassara zuwa Turanci da cewa “Ni dan kasar Ila ne, sana’ata tana da sauki sosai;Ina saman bishiyar dabino,ji nake kamar ina sama a cikin wani bene mai bene. "

Ila-Orangun gida ne na Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Oyo (yanzu Osun).An kafa Laburaren Binciken Tarihi na Afirka a 1988.

Tsohon garin kuma yana da makarantar horar da ‘yan sanda ta wayar salulaSunan sarki na yanzu (Oba)na Ila Orangun shine Oba Abdul Wahab Olukayode Oyedotun Bibiire I.Daga cikin fitattun malamai (Musulmi)a garin akwai Alhaji Jamiu Keuyemi, Alhaji Imam Hammed Solahudeen.

Manyan Ila Orangun indigenes sun hada da Alhaji Adebisi Akande,Tsohon Gwamnan Jihar Osun, Tafa Balogun,Tsohon IGP Nigeria, Group Captain Atolagbe Adediji Pioneer Nigerian Air Force,Aisha Olajide da sauransu.Daga cikin fitattun ‘ya’yan garin akwai Cif Bisi Akande,tsohon Gwamnan Jihar Osun a lokacin mulkin Cif Olusegun Obasanjo na farko,da Tafa Balogun,tsohon Sufeto Janar na rundunar ‘yan sandan Najeriya,da kwararrun masana kimiyya da fasaha da ilimi.

Akwai mahadi sama da 197 a cikin tsohon garin.

## Manazarta
Oke Ila

**Òkè-Ìlá Òràngún** (wanda aka fi sani da **Òkè-Ìlá** )tsohon birni ne a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya wanda ya kasance babban birnin tsakiyar shekarun Igbomina - birnin Yarbawa mai suna iri ɗaya.

Òkè-Ìlá birni ne,da ke a yankin Ọs &#x323; un Jiha,Nijeriya .Tana a yankin arewa maso gabashin kasar Yarbawa a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya.Birnin Òkè-Ìlá Òràngún (da masarauta ƴar uwar)Ìlá Òràngún yana kusa da shi zuwa arewa maso gabas,raƙuman arewa masu tasowa da kwazazzabo na Oke-Ila Quartzites.

A halin yanzu Òkè-Ìlá Òràngún babban birnin karamar hukumar Ifedayo ne a jihar Ọsun.Sakatariyar karamar hukumar Ifedayo (karamar hukumar)tana wajen arewacin garin.Ana gudanar da harkokin gudanarwar manyan garuruwan biyu da wasu kananan garuruwa da kauyuka daga Sakatariyar karamar hukumar Ifedayo.

Babban sarkin garin shine Oba (Dr.)Adedokun Abolarin,Òràngún na Òkè-Ìlá (Aroyinkeye 1).Ya kasance lauya kafin a nada shi a matsayin sarkin gargajiya na garin. Kwalejin Abolarin,daya daga cikin fitattun makarantun garin mallakarsa ne.

## Wuri
Òkè-Ilá Òràngún is a Jihar Osun,a wani tsawo na a daya daga cikin tsaunukan da ke daura da gabar gabas na Oke-Ila Ridge,wani yanki na tsaunin Yarabawa .Òkè-Ilá Òràngún yana da nisan kai tsaye yammacin mashigar Kogin Neja da Benue a Lokoja da kimanin arewa maso gabashin Osogbo,babban birnin jihar Osun.Kusan ne arewa maso gabashin Legas tare da Ibadan da misalin tsakar dare.Kusan  ne kudu maso gabas na tsohon birnin Oyo (Oyo-Ile ko Old Oyo )da kuma kusan  gabas na zamani Oyo (Ago d'Oyo).Yana da  arewa maso gabas da tsohon birnin Ile-Ife,kimanin  kudu maso gabas na tsohon birnin Yarbawa na Ilorin da kuma kimanin arewa maso yammacin birnin Benin (mafi kyau Bini ko Ibini)babban birnin masarautar Benin .
Umar Ibn Abubakar Garbai na Borno

**Shehu Umar Ibn Abubakar Garbai** shi ne Shehun Borno daga 1968 zuwa 1974.

## Mulki
**Shehu Umar Ibn Abubakar Garbai** (dan Shehu Abubakar Garbai na Borno )shi ne Shehun Borno daga 1968 zuwa 1974.

## Bayanan kafa

## Littafi Mai Tsarki
Sheriff,Bosoma,Muhammad Fannami,da Abba Rufa'i Tijani,Ayyukan Shettima Kanuribe:Misalai a Fadar Shehun Borno (Maiduguri:Desktop Investment Ltd., 2011).
Gwyneth Barber Wood

**Gwyneth Barber Wood** (ta mutu a shekara ta alif dubu biyu da shidda 2006) wakiliyar harkar tafiye-tafiye ce  kuma marubuciya, 'yar ƙasar Jamaica.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife ta a Kingston, Jamaica. A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu daidai 2000, ta sami lambar yabo ta tagulla da takardar shaidar cancanta don waƙoƙi guda biyu daga lambar yabo ta Adabi ta Hukumar Raya Al'adu ta Jamaica. Wood ya kasance mabiyar Cibiyar Fasaha ta Virginia don Ƙirƙirar Fasaha a cikin shekarar dubu biyu da daya 2001 da shekarar dubu biyu da uku 2003. An gayyace ta don yin karatu a Calabash International Literary Festival a shekarar dubu biyu da daya 2001. Waƙarta ta bayyana a cikin mujallar *Artemis*, *The Jamaica Observer*, *The Caribbean Writer* da jerin tarihin *Bayar da Shaida*. Kundin wakokinta na farko, *Lambun Mantawa*, an buga shi a cikin shekarar dubu biyu da biyar 2005.

## Manazarta
Liberland

**Liberland**, a hukumance ana kiranta Jamhuriyar 'Yanci ta Liberland, ƙaƙƙarfa ce wacce ta fara a kan wani yanki da ba a yi ikirarin ba a yammacin kogin Danube tsakanin Croatia da Serbia. An kafa Liberland ne a ranar 13 ga Afrilu 2015 ta ɗan fafutukar 'yanci na Czech Vít Jedlička.

Shafin yanar gizon hukuma na Liberland ya ce an halicci al'ummar ne a kan ƙasar da ba kowa ba (terra nullius) wanda ya samo asali ne saboda Croatia da Serbia ba su amince da kan iyaka ba fiye da shekaru 25.Wannan takaddamar kan iyaka ta hada da wasu yankuna a gabashin Danube wadanda kasashen Sabiya da Croatia ke da'awarsu. Croatia tana ɗaukar wasu yankuna a yammacin kogin, ciki har da Liberland, a matsayin wani ɓangare na Serbia, kodayake Serbia ba ta sake yin iƙirarin wannan ƙasar ba.

Kasar Croatia ta yi sintiri a kasar tun bayan Yaƙin ‘Yancin kai na Croatia  amma Croatia ta hana mutane zuwa Liberland tun jim kaɗan bayan kafuwarta, gami da ƴan ƙasar Croatia da sauran ƴan EU. Kafin wannan, kusan kowa zai iya ziyartar yankin. Mafarauta masu lasisi da masunta da ma'aikatan Hrvatske šume d.o.o. (Croatian Forests Ltd., wani kamfani na katako mallakar gwamnati) yana ziyartar lokaci-lokaci. Tun daga watan Agusta 2023, 'yan Liberland sun kasance a cikin yankin,   kodayake 'yan sandan iyakar Croatia suna duba fasfo na kowa mai shiga da fita. 'Yan sandan kan iyakar Croatia sun sanya dokar hana bude wuta da kuma rufe tantuna.

Babu wata kasa da ke cikin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ta bai wa Liberland cikakkiyar amincewar diflomasiyya, ko da yake Liberland ta bude huldar hukuma da Somaliland da Haiti da ma wasu kasashe da ba a amince da su ba. A cikin Nuwamba 2021, El Salvador ta karbi tawagar diflomasiyya daga Liberland.

## Nassoshi

## Sauran gidajen yanar gizo
* [//liberland.org/ Gidan yanar gizon hukuma], a cikin [//liberland.org/en/main/ Turanci] da [//liberland.org/cz/main/ Czech]
* se-k-nemu-hrnou-370917 Hira da wanda ya kafa Vít Jedlička
http://inserbia.info/today/2015/04/czech-proclaims-new-sovereign-state-between-serbia-and-croatia-liberland/
* Barka da zuwa Liberland, Sabuwar Kasa ta Duniya (Wataƙila)
* Fim ɗin Documentary game da Liberland - "Wannan Babu Mutum Ƙasar Nawa"
Oladele Ajose

**Oladele Adebayo Ajose** (20 Satumba 1907 - 2 Yuli 1978) basaraken Legas ne wanda ya kasance mataimakin shugaban jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo. Ya kasance farkon mai ba da shawara kan kiwon lafiya na farko a Najeriya kuma Farfesa na farko na Afirka a Jami'ar Ibadan da kuma a Najeriya. Ya kasance daya daga cikin ƴan Afirka na farko da suka rike kujerar farfesa.

## Ilimi da aiki
Ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Methodist Boysda Kwalejin King,Legas don karatun sakandare. Daga baya ya koma kasar waje ya tafi karatu a Jami'ar Glasgow daga 1927 zuwa 1932, inda ya kammala MB ChB a 1932, ya yi Diploma a fannin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a a 1935 kuma ya wuce zuwa MD a 1939.T
Taken littafinsa shine *kwatankwacin karatun Variola & Varicella a Najeriya*. A lokacin a Glasgow ne ya hadu da matarsa: Beatrice Roberts. Ma’auratan sun dawo Najeriya a shekarar 1936, kuma daga baya sun haifi ‘ya’ya mata uku da namiji daya.

Ya fara aikinsa a matsayin mataimakin jami’in lafiya a Legas.Daga baya kuma an kara masa girma zuwa matsayin jami’in kula da lafiya. A matsayinsa na jami'in kiwon lafiya, ya fara kuma ya ciyar da kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross Society of Nigeria,wacce daga baya aka fi sani da Nigerian Red Cross Society. Ya kuma kafa Asibitin cututtuka masu yaduwa a Legas. A cikin 1948,da ƙirƙirar Kwalejin Jami'a, Ibadan, ya bar kayan aikin gudanarwa don karatun jami'a kuma aka nada shi malami, kuma daga baya farfesa a likitancin rigakafi.

### Mai gabatarwa na farko na kulawa na farko
Ya kasance daya daga cikin na farko masu goyon bayan kiwon lafiya na farko. Ya yi imanin cewa al'amuran kiwon lafiyar jama'a ba wai kawai su takaita da dakunan karatu ba amma a kawo su ga al'umma. Ya kafa aikin kula da lafiyar al'umma a Ilora,wani gari a cikin jihar Oyo a lokacin. A can, ya tabbatar da cewa al'umma sun shiga cikin kowane mataki na yanke shawara da zabar sabis na kiwon lafiya. A wani bangare na aikin, al'ummar sun kafa tafkunan kifaye galibin kifin tilapia; an gina tafkunan domin samar da wadataccen furotin ga ‘yan kasar. Kafa tafkunan kifi a kusa da fadama daga baya ya haifar da samar da hanyoyin kawar da schistosomiasisa Ilora da kuma gabatar da tsarin samar da abinci mai gina jiki a Najeriya da Afirka.

A 1964, ya yi takarar sarautar Oba na Legas tare da wanda ya yi nasara,Oba Oyekan.

Diyarsa ita ce Ambasada Audrey Ajose.

## Manazarta
Tekun Patigi

**Tekun Patigi** ko **bakin tekun Pategi** bakin teku ne kuma wurin yawon buɗe, ido da ke gefen,kogin Neja a ciki

n garin Pategi na jihar Kwara a tsakiyar Najeriya.,

Najeriya inda ake gudanar da bikin Pategi,Regatta na shekara-shekara da ire-iren ayyukan da suka shafi kamun kifi. 

## Tarihi
Masu hutu sun ziyarci bakin teku tun lokacin da aka kafa Masarautar Patigi.

## Yawon shakatawa
Wurin na kusa da Kogin Neja, Tekun Patigi ba rairayin bakin teku ba ne. Tekun ya shahara da masu sha'awar kamun kifi da masunta. Ana samun nau'ikan kifaye da yawa a cikin kogin, ciki har da nau'in; whiting, flathead, da bream. 

Bikin Pategi Regatta na kwale-kwale yana gudana kowace shekara kuma an gina wani katafaren rumfa tare da wuraren da baƙi za su ji daɗin bikin.

## Yanayi
Yanayin yawanci ya ƙunshi lokacin damina, lokacin rani, da Hunturu&nbsp;– tsaka-tsakin tsakanin su biyun&nbsp;– wanda akwai iska mai sanyi. A lokacin Hunturu, yanayin zafi zai iya yin ƙasa da .

## Bayanan kula