Makarantar Sakandare ta Montreal

An rufe makarantar a watan Yunin 1979, galibi sakamakon raguwar yawan mutanen da ke magana da Ingilishi. Ba da daɗewa ba, yawancin Makarantar F.A.C.E. da ke magana da Faransanci ta koma cikin ɗakinta mara amfani.

An kafa makarantar ne a cikin 1843 ta ƙungiyar ƙwararrun Montreal da 'yan kasuwa waɗanda suka ga buƙatar makarantar sakandare ta Furotesta wacce ke girmama ra'ayoyin ilimi na ƙarni na 19. An tsara shi a makarantar sakandare ta Royal, Edinburgh .  Da yawa daga cikin wadanda suka kafa, karkashin jagorancin James Ferrier, tare da William Lunn, William Collis Meredith, David Torrance, da Rev. Henry Esson, sun fito ne daga asalin Presbyterian Scottish, kuma daya daga cikin dalilan su wajen kafa makarantar shine samar da mafita ga karuwar tasirin Anglicanism a ilimi a lokacin. A takaice dai, sun ga bukatar hanyar samun dama ga Kwalejin McGill ba tare da magoya bayan Cocin Ingila ba.

A watan Agustan 1843, The Gentleman's Magazine ya ruwaito, a karkashin 'Civil Preferments', "Rev. G. F. Simpson ya zama Rector na Kwalejin Jama'a ta Kanada, kusan za a kafa shi a Montreal", yana ba da shawarar cewa har yanzu ba a yanke shawarar sunan makarantar ba.

An fara shirya makarantar ne a matsayin ma'aikata mai zaman kanta, a karkashin kwamitin daraktoci.

## Tarihi
Shugaban makarantar na farko, Rev. George Foster Simpson, MA, matashi ne na Ingila, mai digiri kuma tsohon masanin Kwalejin Corpus Christi, Cambridge, an haife shi a 1811. Ya buɗe makarantar a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1843  a Gidan Bingham, wanda daraktocin makarantar suka hayar, kuma a cikin 'yan watanni an shigar da yara maza 167.[10] An gudanar da bikin ƙarshen shekara a lokacin rani na 1844, wanda Peter McGill ya jagoranci, tare da Ubangiji Metcalfe don gabatar da kyaututtuka, a cikin babban zauren da ya kasance ɗakin biki na Bingham House. Yara maza a makarantar a farkon kwanakinta sun hada da Thomas White, George Holt Henshaw, George Washington Stephens, Andrew Gault, daga baya aka kira Cotton King of Canada, da Charles Hamilton, Archbishop na farko na Ottawa.

A cikin 1846 makarantar ta koma cikin sabon gini da aka gina a kan titin La Gauchetière . A wannan shekarar, a kan mutuwar dattijo Alexander Skakel, Master of the Royal Grammar School of Montreal, na shekaru da yawa babbar makarantar sakandare ta birnin (wanda aka kafa a 1801 ta Royal Institution for the Advancement of Learning ko RIAL), kwamitin makarantar sakandare ya yi nasarar yin korafin cewa za a canja albashin Skakel zuwa gare ta, kuma ta haka ne ya shagaltar da Royal Grammar Company [1] (saboda haka ne shugaban sabuwar makarantar ya sami taken "Rector da Master of the royal Grammar School" sama da ƙarni). Newton Bosworth, yana kwatanta makarantar a cikin jagora zuwa Montreal na 1846, ya ba da rahoton cewa tana da masauki ga tsakanin ɗalibai ɗari uku zuwa ɗari huɗu, cewa Rector yana da mataimakan da yawa, kuma kuɗin sun kasance £ 10 a shekara "a cikin manyan rassan" da £ 6 a shekara a "rassan shirye-shirye".[2] A ranar 28 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1847 an kafa Dokar Lardin wanda ya ba da kudaden shiga daga Estates of the Late Order of Jesuits ga cibiyoyin ilimi a kusa da Quebec, kuma abu na farko da aka jera a cikin jadawalin shi ne "Don Albashi da Albashi don Gidan haya, har yanzu an biya shi ga Jagoran Makarantar Grammar a Montreal, don a ba da izini ga Daraktocin Makarantar Sakandare a Montreal, saboda ilimantar su da malaman kyauta ashirin na ɗalibai masu talauci ... £ 282-4s-6d".[3] Ba da daɗewa ba daraktocin suka sami £ 98-3s-6d a matsayin ma'auni na tallafin shekara ta 1846, da kuma £ 141-2s-3d na watanni shida da suka ƙare 30 Yuni 1847. [4]￼

A shekara ta 1850, Foster ya yi murabus a matsayin Rector kuma ya koma Ingila, inda ya zama shugaban Makarantar Lincoln Grammar School, amma ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani a shekara ta 1857.  A shekara ta 1853 an ba da iko da makarantar ga Kwalejin McGill, kuma an sake masa suna a matsayin Babban Makarantar Kwalejin McCill (wanda Royal Institution for the Advancement of Learning ke mulki).  Wani takardar shaidar McGill na 1863 ya bayyana cewa "Sashen Makarantar Sakandare yana ba da cikakken ilimin Ingilishi, tare da harsunan Faransanci da Jamusanci, da kuma horar da al'ada da lissafi da ake buƙata don shiga Kwalejin".

A cikin 1864, a lokacin Yaƙin basasar Amurka, a kan jin labarin St Albans Raid daga Montreal zuwa Amurka ta sojojin Confederate, makarantar ta shirya kamfani da ake kira Montreal High School Cadet Rifles . Wannan ya ci gaba da aiki na kimanin shekaru ashirin kuma ya yi takaici da ba a tattara shi ba a lokacin Hare-haren Fenian tsakanin 1866 da 1871. 

A watan Satumbar 1870, an sake sauya ikon makarantar, a wannan lokacin ga Kwamitin Kwamishinonin Makaranta na Furotesta. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, J. W. Dawson, shugaban McGill, ya fara matsawa Kwamitin Furotesta don ƙirƙirar makarantar sakandare ga 'yan mata, kuma a cikin 1875 wannan ya zama a matsayin ƙungiya daban, tare da "shugaban mata" da wasu malamai huɗu, duk an horar da su a Makarantar McGill.  Wannan ya yiwu ne ta hanyar harajin makaranta na gida kuma shine dalilin da ya sa aka tsara sabon gini, wanda aka buɗe a 1878. Da farko, an koyar da ɗaliban 'yan mata a gidaje masu zaman kansu. Makarantar 'yan mata daban-daban ta ci gaba da wanzuwa a cikin gine-ginen da aka raba har zuwa 1965, lokacin da a karo na farko aka haɗa ƙungiyoyin yara maza da mata a ƙarƙashin shugaban ɗaya.   Makarantar sakandare ta yara maza ta ba da ilimin firamare da sakandare, tare da ƙaramin rukuni da ake kira Preparatory High School. Makarantar 'yan mata da farko ba ta haɗa da aji na firamare ba, wanda ya zo bayan 'yan shekaru a cikin sabon ginin, kuma a cikin 1878 yawan mutanen makarantar sun kasance yara maza 241 da mata 226.

Akwai mummunan jayayya a cikin shekarun 1880 lokacin da Kwamitin Makarantar Furotesta ya yanke shawarar dakatar da koyar da Latin a cikin siffofi biyu na farko da kuma iyakance Girkanci, Algebra, da Geometry zuwa siffofi guda biyu na ƙarshe. Tsohon Rector, Dr Henry Aspinwall Howe, ya yi adawa da wannan, amma wasu iyaye da ma'aikata sun goyi bayan hakan. A ranar 28 ga Nuwamba 1890 jayayya tsakanin wadanda suka yi imani da ilimin gargajiya, gami da Latin da Girkanci, da wadanda ke goyon bayan mayar da hankali kan kimiyya, ya ƙare a cikin konewar ginin makarantar a kan titin Peel. Ba a taɓa gano dalilin gobarar ba. Dokta Howe, mai tsananin adawa da ƙaura daga harsuna na gargajiya, da sauri ya yi murabus, don yin aiki daga ƙarshen shekara ta makaranta. Mai neman nasara don maye gurbinsa, Elson I. Rexford, shi ne Sakataren Ingilishi na Ma'aikatar Koyarwar Jama'a. An gina sabon ginin makaranta a shafin da ya ɓace kuma an buɗe shi a farkon shekara ta 1892.

An bayyana makarantar a matsayin "makarantar sakandare ga masu daraja na Furotesta na birnin", amma kamar yadda Margaret W. Westley ta ruwaito, "A shekara ta 1906, Kwamitin Kwamishinonin Makarantu na Furotestanti yana aiki da makarantun firamare goma sha biyar da ke da tallafin jama'a da makarantun sakandare guda uku, wasu daga cikinsu suna kusa da mazaunan Square Mile. Mafi shahararrun su ne Makarantar Montreal. Ɗaya daga cikin maganganun da masu digiri suka yi akai-akai game da Makarantar Montreal shine cewa akwai wanda ya sadu da mutane daga dukkan hanyoyin rayuwa da kuma sun sananne na sirri, wani abu ba.[32]

Koyaya, a cikin 1906, Rector da Master, Wellington Dixon, wanda ya gaji Rexford a cikin 1903, ya ba da rahoton "Makarantar ba kyauta ba ce. Ana tallafawa ta hanyar kudaden da dalibai suka biya, tallafin Gwamnati na $ 2,000, da kuma tallafi daga farashin. A sakamakon tallafin Gwamnati na $ 2,000, Lieutenant-Governor ya ba da umarnin karatun kyauta talatin, ba a kan sakamakon jarrabawa ba, amma a kan wasu yanayi na halin kirki, da sauransu. Makarantar Sakandare (Protestant) ba ta iyakance kanta ga ɗalibai masu ci gaba ba. Kamar yadda aka fada a baya, makarantun firamare kyauta ne, amma makarantar sakandare tana ɗaukar yara ƙanana a cikin Sashen Kindergarten da Firamare idan iyaye suna shirye su biya kuɗin. Makarantar sakandare, ban da batun tallafin karatu da aka riga aka ambata, makaranta ce ga 'ya'yan iyaye waɗanda ke son biyan kuɗi. Daga cikin dalibai 1,200 da suka halarci taron, 550 suna cikin makarantar sakandare, kuma 650 a cikin Sashen Yara da Firamare, dukansu suna biyan kuɗi.

A cikin 1906, makarantar tana da darussan koyarwa daban-daban guda uku ga ɗalibai, na farko biyu sune na gargajiya da na kimiyya, wanda ke gudana a layi daya, ɗayan kuma na Kasuwanci. Manufar darasi na gargajiya da kimiyya shine shirya yara don ilimi mafi girma da sana'o'i. Yin imani da ka'idar mens sana a cikin jiki sano, makarantar ta yi niyyar bunkasa jiki da tunani, kuma a shafinta a titin Jami'ar tana da tafkin wanka na kanta, dakunan motsa jiki guda biyu, ɗakin harbi, da ɗakunan wasanni, da ɗakin karatu, ɗakin taro, da planetarium.[34]

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na farko, tsoffin dalibai 1,150 da ma'aikatan makarantar sakandare sun tafi yaƙi a Turai, kuma an kashe 141 daga cikinsu. Har yanzu ana rubuta sunayensu a kan allon a cikin ɗakin makarantar a 3449 University Street .  Wani tsohon yaro a makaranta, Dokta F. A. C. Scrimger, an ba shi lambar yabo ta Victoria Cross a 1915 don jaruntaka mai ban mamaki a ƙarƙashin wuta ta abokan gaba.

Bayan sun raba gine-gine tun daga shekarun 1870, makarantar sakandare ta 'yan mata da makarantar sakandare na Montreal a ƙarshe sun zama makaranta ɗaya a shekarar 1965.[37] Duk da haka, a cikin tarihin kansa Victor Malarek ya ba da rahoton cewa a tsakiyar shekarun sittin makarantar ta kasance ta ware ta hanyar jima'i.

A ƙarshen shekarun 1970s, tare da makarantar a ƙarƙashin ikon Hukumar Makarantar Furotesta ta Greater Montreal, an yanke shawarar rufe shi daga Yuni 1979, galibi sakamakon raguwar yawan mutanen da ke magana da Ingilishi a yankin. Daga baya, yawancin Makarantar F.A.C.E. mai magana da Faransanci (Fine Arts Core Education) ta koma cikin ɗakunan da ba su da komai. Kamar tsohuwar makarantar sakandare, FACE makarantar firamare ce da sakandare.

## Manazarta