Carlo Michelstaedter

**Carlo Raimondo Michelstaedter** ko **Michelstädter**  ; 3 Yuni 1887 - 17 Oktoba 1910) ɗan falsafar Italiya ne, mai fasaha, kuma mawallafi .

## Rayuwa
An haifi Carlo Michelstaedter a Gorizia, babban birnin lardin Austro-Hungarian na Gorizia da Gradisca, auta a cikin 'ya'ya hudu na Albert da Emma Michelstaedter (née Luzzatto). Cikakken sunansa Carlo Raimondo (Gedaliah Ram). Mahaifinsa shi ne darektan reshen gida na kamfanin inshora na *Assicurazioni Generali* na Trieste . Michelstaedters dangin Yahudawa ne na babban aji na tsakiya na asalin Ashkenazi .

'Yar'uwarsa Paula ta tuna da shi tun yana yaro mai tsoron duhu da tsayi, taurin kai kuma ba ta shirya ba don neman gafara ga duk wani mummunan hali. A makaranta, an yanke masa hukunci "bai dace sosai ba" don da gangan ya dagula darussan a cikin shekara.

Mahaifinsa kuma shi ne shugaban kungiyar *Gabineto di Lettura Gorizano*, wata kungiyar al'adu ta gida don bunkasa al'adun adabi, kuma ya tura dansa zuwa nazarin adabi. Mahaifiyarsa Emma Luzzatto ta fito ne daga tsohuwar kuma sanannen dangin Bayahude masu ra'ayin 'yan Italiyanci. Antinsa ita ce Carolina Luzzatto, wacce kuma ta kasance mai goyon bayan ra'ayin Italiyanci .  An yi la'akari da Carlo a matsayin yaro mai shiga tsakani, amma a ƙarshen makarantar sakandare (wanda aka kammala a Gorizia), ya ci gaba da zama matashi mai basira, mai wasa, mai basira. Ya shiga sashen ilimin lissafi a Jami'ar Vienna, amma ba da daɗewa ba ya koma Florence, birnin da ya yi sha'awar fasaha da harshe. A can ya kulla abota da sauran ɗalibai, kuma a ƙarshe, ya shiga cikin sashen wasiƙa na gida *Istituto di Studi Superiori* (1905). Ya yi karatu a harsunan Hellenanci da Latin, kuma ya zaɓi nazarin ilimin *falsafa* na *lallashi da magana* a tsohuwar falsafar. A 1909 ya koma Gorizia kuma ya kafa kansa don yin aiki a kan rubutun.

A kusa da faduwar 1910, ya kammala aikinsa, ya kammala abubuwan da suka shafi ta 17 ga Oktoba. Sosai ya gaji, ran nan ya yi ta fama da mahaifiyarsa, ta ce ba ya yi mata murnar zagayowar ranar haihuwa. A hagu shi kaɗai, Carlo ya ɗauki bindigar lodi da ya ajiye a cikin gidan ya kashe kansa da harbi biyu. Dalilin da ya sa ya kashe kansa ya kasance batun muhawara mai yawa; wasu suna kallonsa a matsayin karshen dabi'ar falsafarsa, wasu kuma suna ganin hakan ne sakamakon wani irin ciwon hauka. Ɗaya daga cikin abokansa daga Florence, ’yar ƙasar Rasha, ita ma ta kashe kanta, kamar yadda wani ɗan’uwa da ke zaune a Amirka ya yi. An binne shi a makabartar Yahudawa a Rožna Dolina kusa da Nova Gorica, Slovenia . Da yake iyalinsa Yahudawa ne, an aika su zuwa Auschwitz ; 'Yar uwa daya ce ta tsere zuwa kasar Switzerland.

Abokai da dangi sun buga ayyukansa kuma suka tattara rubuce-rubucensa, yanzu a cikin *Biblioteca Civica di Gorizia* .

Ba wai kawai ya rubuta *Lallashi da Rhetoric* ba, amma labarai da yawa, wasan kwaikwayo da tattaunawa; dubban shafukan da ba a gama ba, yawancin su an fassara su ne kawai zuwa Mutanen Espanya.

## Tunani
Ga Michelstaedter, rayuwa ta yau da kullun ba ta da rayuwa, mai ƙanƙanta da yaudara kamar yadda allahn jin daɗi yake, wanda ke yaudarar mutum, yana ba da jin daɗi da sakamakon da ba na ainihi ba ne, kodayake mutum yana tunanin su ne. *Magana* - wato, tarurrukan mutum, marasa ƙarfi, da al'umma - sun haɗa da rayuwar zamantakewa, inda mutum ya mamaye yanayi da kansa don jin daɗin kansa. Sai kawai ta hanyar rayuwa a yanzu kamar dai kowane lokaci shine na ƙarshe zai iya 'yantar da kansa daga tsoron mutuwa, don haka cimma Persuasion; wato, mallaka kai. Yin murabus da daidaita kansa da duniya, ga Michelstaedter, shine mutuwa ta gaskiya.

An gane tunaninsa a matsayin mafarin Heidegger a falsafar, na Wittgenstein a cikin sharhin harshe, na Derrida a cikin ma'anarta .

Akwai matakai uku a cikin ci gaban falsafarsa.

Tsakanin 1905 zuwa 1907 - shekarunsa na jami'a - tunanin Michelstaedter ya kasance da mummunar tasiri, "Dannunzian" tasiri, duk da haka tare da kulawa akai-akai ga dangantakar da ke tsakanin mutum da al'umma, ga duk wani abu na zamantakewa wanda ke hana bayyanar mutum na singularity.

Daga ƙarshen 1907 zuwa 1908, Michelstaedter ya ba da muhimmiyar gudummawa a Turai don nazarin bala'i a matsayin wata hanya mai yuwuwar ceton ma'ana mai mahimmanci, cibiyar juriya ga "rikicin tushe" wanda ya canza rayuwa. A cikin 1908 Michelstaedter ya ƙara muryarsa ga Henrik Ibsen, Otto Weininger, Scipio Slataper, da Giovanni Amendola a Italiya, waɗanda zasu juya zuwa "tunani mai ban tausayi" a matsayin martani ga ramin da nihilism ya buɗe.

A cikin 1909, wanda aka yi la'akari da aikin rubuta rubutun jami'a akan ra'ayoyin lallashi da maganganu a cikin ayyukan Plato da Aristotle, tunanin Michelstaedter ya sami sauyi - wanda zai ci gaba bayan ya koma Gorizia. Binciken nasa yanzu ya nemi samar da yuwuwar yin tsayayya da ƙarfin da bai dace ba wanda haɗin gwiwar zamantakewa ya yi akan nau'ikan tunani na falsafa da na quotidian. A bayyane yake a cikin rubuce-rubucensa na baya cewa ya fahimci cewa dukkanin hanyoyin falsafa dole ne a yi la'akari da yadda aka nisantar da su (bare) daga kansu a cikin tsarin ijma'in al'umma. Gina kan wannan tushe, ya fahimci al'ada a matsayin halayyar al'umma maimakon a matsayin wani abu da abin ya haifar; wannan ya share fagen tunane-tunane da yawa kan alakar da ke tsakanin ilmin sanin al'amura da ijma'i na akida da za su yi daidai da ra'ayoyin Lukacs a cikin Tarihi da Sanin Aji (1922).

## Manazarta